PMID- 3384177
TI  - Clonal analysis of vertebrate myogenesis. VIII. Fibroblasts growth factor (FGF)
      dependent and FGF-independent muscle colony types during chick wing development.
AB  - The effect of bovine fibroblast growth factor (FGF) on the in vitro
      differentiation of various stage-specific populations of skeletal muscle colony
      forming (MCF) cells from the developing chick wing bud was examined. The results
      show that bovine FGF (3 ng/ml daily) delays the onset of differentiation of MCF
      cells obtained from Day 4-12 wing buds by about 1 day; but, in addition, the
      results demonstrate that a subset of colony-forming cells derived from stage 23
      27 (Day 4-5) embryos require FGF for myogenic differentiation. The FGF-dependent
      MCF cells attach and grow in the absence of FGF, but do not differentiate unless
      given FGF within 1-3 days after inoculation. Thus, between stages 23 and 27 the
      myogenic population contains discrete subclasses that are FGF dependent and
      others that are FGF independent. Both subclasses are found within two of the
      previously classified MCF cell populations, the early and late MCF cells. FGF
      dependent and independent early MCF cells are present within the wing bud until
      stage 25, after which only the FGF-independent early MCF subclass persists.
      Similarly, both FGF-dependent and -independent late MCF cells are present between
      stages 25 and 27, but only the FGF-independent late MCF subclass remains after
      stage 31. The mechanisms responsible for relative changes in the proportions of
      MCF cell subclasses and for the FGF requirements are not understood. In addition,
      while FGF is required, there is no evidence suggesting that FGF triggers skeletal
      muscle terminal differentiation within the FGF-dependent MCF cell subclasses.

PMID- 3384178
TI  - The first cleavage plane and the embryonic axis are determined by separate
      mechanisms in Xenopus laevis. II. Experimental dissociation by lateral
      compression of the egg.
AB  - In eggs of Xenopus laevis, the meridian of sperm entry (SEP meridian), the
      direction of subcortical rotation, and the first cleavage furrow have been used
      to predict, with varying degrees of accuracy, the position of the plane of
      bilateral symmetry of the embryo. We show here that altering the shape of the
      uncleaved egg by lateral compression disrupts some of these topographical
      relationships in a reproducible way. The neural groove, which identifies the
      embryonic dorsal midline, usually forms at either of the two narrow ends of the
      compressed egg, regardless of the position of the SEP meridian, whereas the first
      cleavage furrow divides the compressed egg across its shorter dimension,
      regardless of the position of the SEP meridian. Thus the positions of the SEP
      meridian, the cleavage plane, and the embryonic bilateral plane can be completely
      uncoupled from each other. In contrast, the direction of subcortical rotation is
      usually parallel to the plane of compression and predicts the position of the
      neural groove in all cases. Since the direction of subcortical rotation and the
      plane of bilateral symmetry still correlate under conditions of compression, we
      conclude that subcortical rotation is the crucial early step in the process of
      axis specification.

PMID- 3384179
TI  - Transcutaneous oxygen tension in legs and feet of diabetic patients.
AB  - Transcutaneous oxygen tension (tcPO2) of the legs and feet was measured at 37 and
      44 degrees C in 21 patients with diabetes mellitus, 9 of whom had peripheral
      neuropathy. At 37 degrees C, tcPO2 in the legs and feet of diabetic patients with
      peripheral neuropathy was significantly higher (P less than .02) than in control
      subjects and diabetic patients without neuropathy. Whereas tcPO2 in the legs of
      control subjects and nonneuropathic diabetic patients was greater than in the
      feet (P less than .02), this leg-to-foot difference was absent in diabetic
      patients with neuropathy. After an increase in skin temperature to 44 degrees C,
      tcPO2 increased in the legs and feet of all three groups, but the increase was
      smallest in diabetic patients with neuropathy and greatest in control subjects.
      In neuropathic (P less than .02) and nonneuropathic (P less than .02) diabetic
      patients, tcPO2 was significantly lower than in control subjects. These data are
      consistent with a loss of vasoconstrictor tone in the blood vessels perfusing
      skin and subcutaneous tissue at 37 degrees C and an inability of these vessels to
      vasodilate and increase blood flow at 44 degrees C in diabetic patients in
      general and neuropathic diabetic patients in particular. This inability to
      increase tcPO2 after an increase in temperature and possibly other vasodilatory
      stimuli may contribute to the pathogenesis of nonhealing ulcers, protracted
      infections, and gangrene, which characterize the diabetic foot.

PMID- 3384180
TI  - Abnormal erythrocyte charge in diabetes mellitus. Link with microalbuminuria.
AB  - The anionic charge on the surface of the erythrocyte and the erythrocyte membrane
      content of sialic acid and acid glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) were evaluated in
      insulin-dependent diabetic patients who had albumin excretion rates less than 300
      mg/24 h. In these subjects a statistically significant reduction of erythrocyte
      anionic charge (RBCCh) and GAGs content in erythrocyte ghosts was shown. In view
      of the demonstration of a negative correlation between RBCCh and albuminuria
      after a lysine provocative test, these observations support the hypothesis that
      the onset of microalbuminuria in human diabetes is sustained by an alteration of
      glomerular charge and consequently of glomerular charge selectivity.

PMID- 3384181
TI  - HLA class I and II antigens in South African Indians with NIDDM.
AB  - The relationship between the HLA system and non-insulin-dependent diabetes
      mellitus (NIDDM) in South African Indians, a migrant Indian group, was evaluated
      by testing HLA-A, -B, and -C antigens in 184 patients and 1444 control subjects
      and HLA-DR antigens in 104 patients and 330 control subjects. There was a
      significant increase in the frequency of HLA-Bw61 in patients compared with
      control subjects (27.7 vs. 18%, P = .00155), although the degree of association
      was not very strong (relative risk 1.7). A similar association has been noted in
      Fiji Indians, another migrant Indian group. However, no relationship could be
      established at the DR locus. It is suggested that the relatively high frequency
      of the Bw61 allele in South African Indians could, in the presence of some
      environmental factor like obesity, confer increased susceptibility to NIDDM.

PMID- 3384182
TI  - High prevalence of diabetes in young adult Ethiopian immigrants to Israel.
AB  - We performed oral glucose tolerance tests in 158 Ethiopian immigrants to Israel.
      The subjects were less than 30 yr of age, had lived in Israel less than or equal
      to 4 yr, and originated from villages in the Gondar and Ambovar regions of
      Ethiopia. Most had been subjected to famine conditions in Ethiopia and/or extreme
      hardship in Sudan before or during immigration. All were lean. They revealed a
      profound change in dietary habits since their arrival in Israel, with consumption
      of large amounts of refined carbohydrate in place of spicy stews and injura
      (Ethiopian pita) that had constituted dietary staples in better times in
      Ethiopia. According to National Diabetes Data Group criteria, 14 (8.9%) of the
      subjects had diabetes, and another 14 (8.9%) had impaired glucose tolerance. In
      addition, 13 subjects had a dramatic increase in capillary blood glucose levels
      (greater than 300 mg/dl) 1 h after ingestion of 75 g glucose, despite fasting and
      2-h values well within the normal range, and they complained of associated
      symptoms during the 1st h of testing. Eleven of 137 men and 3 of 21 women had
      diabetes; 7 (5.1%) of the men and 7 (33%) of the women had impaired glucose
      tolerance. These results indicate a high prevalence of diabetes among young adult
      Ethiopian immigrants of relatively short residency in Israel, for which the
      factors responsible warrant further investigation.

PMID- 3384183
TI  - Are reduced lung volumes in IDDM due to defect in connective tissue?
AB  - Lung volumes were measured by spirometry and helium-dilution technique in 28
      young adult men with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) of long duration
      and compared with 16 age- and height-matched adult men without diabetes. Reduced
      values for forced expiratory volume at 1 s, vital capacity, functional residual
      capacity, total lung capacity, residual volume, and single-breath carbon monoxide
      transfer factor were found for the IDDM patients compared to the control
      subjects. The results are consistent with reduced lung volumes in IDDM patients
      and did not correlate with the presence or absence of mild cheiroarthropathy but
      may relate to duration of diabetes.

PMID- 3384184
TI  - Cardiac hyperfunction in insulin-dependent diabetic patients developing
      microvascular complications.
AB  - Cardiac function was studied by echocardiography in 80 insulin-dependent diabetic
      patients with no signs of ischemic heart disease and in 40 healthy control
      subjects. Echocardiographic findings were related to the urinary albumin
      excretion rate (UAE). In the diabetes group, fractional shortening of the left
      ventricle (FS) was 37.3% versus 34.3% (P less than .01) in the control group,
      whereas indices of preload and afterload were at the same levels as in control
      subjects. In diabetic patients with preclinical nephropathy (UAE 20-200
      micrograms/min), FS was 41.1% compared to 37.0% (P less than .002) in patients
      with no signs of nephropathy (UAE less than 20 micrograms/min) and 34.8% (P less
      than .001) in patients with clinical nephropathy (UAE less than 200
      micrograms/min). Furthermore, in patients with preclinical nephropathy, afterload
      was significantly decreased, whereas preload was at the same level as in the
      other two groups of UAE. In conclusion, a condition of cardiac hyperfunction has
      been found in diabetic patients with no signs of ischemic heart disease and seems
      pronounced in diabetic patients developing microvascular disease (patients with
      preclinical nephropathy), probably secondarily to a condition of hyperperfusion
      in these patients.

PMID- 3384185
TI  - Collagen browning and cross-linking are increased in chronic experimental
      hyperglycemia. Relevance to diabetes and aging.
AB  - Diabetes and aging are associated with an increase in collagen-linked
      fluorescence and cross-linking that can be duplicated by incubating collagen with
      glucose. We have tested the hypothesis that browning and cross-linking can occur
      in vivo in rats by feeding them a diet containing 33% galactose. No significant
      increase in tail tendon browning or cross-linking, measured by tail tendon
      breaking time in urea, was observed after 3 mo of galactosemia. After 12 mo,
      however, twofold increases in tendon breaking time and collagen-linked
      chromophores absorbing greater than 300 nm and fluorophores at 430 nm (excitation
      355 nm, P less than .001) analogous to those of diabetic and aging individuals
      were observed. The observed changes in collagen are attributed to the advanced
      Maillard (nonenzymatic glycosylation) reaction based on circumstantial evidence.
      With this premise, our data suggest that chronic galactosemia should be a
      powerful tool for investigating the role of the advanced Maillard reaction in
      complications of diabetes and aging.

PMID- 3384186
TI  - Diabetic retinopathy in Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic whites.
AB  - Mexican Americans (MAs) have a threefold greater prevalence of non-insulin
      dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) than non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs). Because MA
      diabetic subjects have greater hyperglycemia and an earlier age of onset than NHW
      diabetic subjects, we postulated that diabetic MAs might also have more severe
      diabetic retinopathy. Stereoscopic retinal photographs of the seven standard
      fields of each eye were taken in 257 MAs and 56 NHWs with NIDDM. The photographs
      were read by the University of Wisconsin Fundus Photographic Reading Center and
      graded with standardized criteria. The MAs had a nonsignificantly increased risk
      of retinopathy relative to the NHWs [odds ratio (OR) = 1.71; 95% confidence
      interval (Cl) = (0.93, 3.17)]. The risk of severe retinopathy (proliferative or
      preproliferative) relative to background or no retinopathy was significantly
      greater in MAs than in NHWs [OR = 2.37; 95% Cl = (1.04, 5.39)]. After control by
      logistic regression for duration of disease, severity of hyperglycemia, age, and
      systolic blood pressure, MAs still had an increased risk of severe retinopathy
      relative to NHWs [OR = 3.18; 95% Cl = (1.32, 7.66)]. Severe retinopathy was
      related to duration of disease, hyperglycemia, and insulin therapy in both ethnic
      groups. Previously diagnosed MA diabetic subjects also had an increased
      prevalence of any retinopathy [OR = 2.39; 95% Cl = (1.63, 3.50)] and severe
      retinopathy [OR = 3.21; 95% Cl = (2.24, 4.59)] relative to previously diagnosed
      White diabetic subjects (n = 896) from Wisconsin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3384187
TI  - Morphologic evidence of interactions between adult ductal epithelium of pancreas
      and fetal foregut mesenchyme.
AB  - First, tissue recombinants were used to determine the residual capability of
      adult endodermal pancreatic ductal epithelium to form islets. Second, adult
      epithelium was challenged by placing it between adult stroma and fetal mesenchyme
      to investigate the epithelial response (subsequently called challenge grafts).
      Trypsin was used to isolate adult mouse (heteroplastic) or rat (homoplastic)
      pancreatic ductal epithelium and fetal rat mesenchyme. All the adult epithelium
      was maximally stressed with alloxan to control for beta-cell contamination. Fetal
      mesenchyme was layered with epithelium in vitro for at least 48 h. Subsequently,
      the recombinants were grafted into nude mice and allowed to develop for 4-6 wk.
      To assess development, grafts were removed and fixed for both light and electron
      microscopy. In general, the grafts became organized into vesicles, tubules, and
      buds, many of which were in the form of vascularized isletlike structures.
      Epithelium responded with mitosis and intercellular adhesion. the range of
      cytodifferentiation varied. Culture time, age, and adhesiveness of the fetal
      mesenchyme and the amount of adult epithelium used in making the recombinants
      influenced the degree of differentiation. Analysis of fine structure of isletlike
      structures revealed cells with small electron-dense granules. These observations
      provide evidence for activation of endodermal epithelium taken from an adult
      mammal.

PMID- 3384188
TI  - Beneficial effects of verapamil in diabetic cardiomyopathy.
AB  - It has been suggested that the occurrence of an intracellular Ca2+ overload may
      result in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy, which is associated with
      depletion of high-energy phosphate stores and a derangement of ultrastructure and
      cardiac dysfunction. Accordingly, the effects of verapamil, a Ca2+ antagonist, on
      cardiac function, ultrastructure, and high-energy phosphate stores in the
      myocardium were evaluated in rats made diabetic by an intravenous injection of
      streptozocin (65 mg/kg). Four weeks after the induction of diabetes, the animals
      were treated with three doses (2, 4, or 8 mg.kg-1.day-1) of verapamil for 4 wk
      until they were used for the measurement of different parameters. Untreated
      diabetic animals had slower heart rates, depressed rate of contraction and rate
      of relaxation, lower peak left ventricular systolic pressure, and elevated left
      ventricular diastolic pressure. All of these changes were significantly improved
      in diabetic rats receiving verapamil treatment. The beneficial effects of
      verapamil were more evident with higher doses (8 mg.kg-1.day-1) than with the
      lower doses (2 mg.kg-1.day-1). The diabetic animals also showed alterations in
      myocardial high-energy phosphate stores and exhibited evidence of ultrastructural
      damage; these abnormalities were improved by verapamil treatment without
      affecting their hyperglycemic status. Our results demonstrate that verapamil is
      capable of preventing diabetes-induced myocardial changes and support the
      involvement of Ca2+ in the cardiac pathology during diabetes.

PMID- 3384189
TI  - Diabetes and diuretic-induced alterations in function of rat urinary bladder.
AB  - Studies were done to characterize the bladder dysfunction associated with
      diabetes mellitus and to distinguish between changes occurring from increased
      diuresis and autonomic neuropathy. Four experimental conditions were compared:
      control, 4-wk-streptozocin-induced diabetes, sucrose feeding (diuretic), and
      galactose feeding (diuretic and sugar alcohol). A 10-fold increase in urine
      output and 25-50% increases in bladder weight, protein content, and DNA content
      were observed in all noncontrol treatment groups. Compliance properties were
      studied by measuring the intravesicular pressure as the bladder was infused with
      buffer in vitro. All treated bladders exhibited a reduction in plateau pressure
      and an increase in fluid capacity. Thus, diuresis results in an increased bladder
      size, which correlates with an alteration of compliance properties. Nervous
      system control in anesthetized rats was examined by monitoring contractions as
      the bladder was infused with buffer. Three distinct patterns of response were
      observed: normal, diabetic, and diuretic (galactose and sucrose treatments). The
      difference between responses in diuretic and diabetic animals suggests the
      presence of a diabetes-induced alteration in nerve regulation of the bladder.
      Reserpine pretreatment of control or diuretic models produced marked changes in
      the pattern of contractions, whereas pretreatment of diabetic rats had only
      modest effects. This suggests that diabetic bladders were lacking sympathetic
      control before the drug treatment. When rats treated for 4 wk with galactose were
      removed from this diet for 4 wk before testing, the bladders responded similarly
      to controls. This observation, coupled with the fact that galactose did not
      produce the same response as diabetes in the in vivo experiment, suggests that
      the galactose model does not produce irreversible functional neuropathies.

PMID- 3384190
TI  - Diabetes-related changes in L-tryptophan-induced release of striatal biogenic
      amines.
AB  - In vivo voltammetry was used to measure the synaptic release of rat striatal
      dopamine and serotonin after the administration of the amino acid L-tryptophan to
      streptozocin-induced diabetic rats. Dopamine and serotonin release from rat
      striatum was studied at a short-term or acute (3-day) interval and a long-term or
      chronic (3- to 7-wk) interval after the induction of diabetes. The study was also
      done in age-, sex-, and food-matched controls. The findings show that L
      tryptophan decreased dopamine release from rat striatum in nondiabetic rats. The
      decreased striatal dopamine release, after L-tryptophan administration, was
      exacerbated in acutely diabetic rats and further exacerbated in chronically
      diabetic rats. By contrast, rat striatal serotonin release predictably increased
      after L-tryptophan injection in nondiabetic rats. A further increased striatal
      serotonin release was seen in acutely diabetic rats. Chronically diabetic rats,
      however, responded to L-tryptophan with a dramatic and significant decrease in
      striatal serotonin release. The results show that in acutely diabetic and normal
      rats, L-tryptophan administration reduced striatal dopamine and increased
      striatal serotonin release, whereas in chronically diabetic rats, the release of
      both biogenic amines was decreased. The findings indicate that the progression of
      diabetes is associated with an impaired ability to release primary
      neurotransmitter biogenic amines.

PMID- 3384191
TI  - Abnormal thermoregulation in diabetic autonomic neuropathy.
AB  - Hypothermia has been reported to be more common in diabetic people than in
      nondiabetic people, and we have investigated the possibility that autonomic
      neuropathy may be associated with disordered thermoregulation. After an overnight
      fast and maintenance of normoglycemia, 12 insulin-treated diabetic patients with
      and 11 without neuropathy and 12 nondiabetic control subjects, all less than 55
      yr, were subjected to external cooling by perfusing water at 16 degrees C through
      a liquid-conditioned coverall for less than or equal to 45 min. Patients with
      autonomic neuropathy had impaired vasoconstriction to cooling, particularly in
      the foot, calf, and forearm. Core temperature rose by 0.2 degrees C in control
      subjects and by 0.15 degrees C in patients with diabetes but no neuropathy. In
      contrast, group mean core temperature was unchanged in those with autonomic
      neuropathy and fell in 3 subjects (P less than .001). Cooling caused shivering in
      6 patients with diabetic autonomic neuropathy, but not in those with neuropathy
      or control subjects (P less than .05). Baseline metabolic rates were similar in
      all three groups, but the increase after cooling was significantly greater among
      those who shivered (P less than .05-.02). Thus, young diabetic patients with
      autonomic neuropathy have impaired thermoregulation to a relatively short period
      of external cooling, even during metabolic stability, which may predispose to
      hypothermia.

PMID- 3384193
TI  - Can we study language problems?

PMID- 3384192
TI  - Diabetes affects sorbitol and myo-inositol levels of neuroectodermal tissue
      during embryogenesis in rat.
AB  - ATP, ADP, phosphocreatine (PCr), creatine (Cr), glucose, malate, sorbitol, and
      myo-inositol (MI) were measured by quantitative histochemical techniques in pure
      neuroectodermal tissue of rat embryos of gestation days 11 and 12 that were
      dissected from normal and streptozocin-induced diabetic mothers. Neither
      gestational age nor maternal diabetes affected the tissue's energy potential (ATP
      to-ADP and PCr-to-Cr ratios). Diabetes resulted in a fourfold rise in the
      embryonic glucose and a 25% increase in neuroectodermal malate content. Maternal
      hyperglycemia caused a rise in fetal sorbitol at days 11 and 12 of gestation. The
      MI content of the neuroectoderm was not affected by the maternal diabetic state
      in perfusion embryos (day 11); however, the near doubling of MI that occurs from
      day 11 to day 12 during normal development was prevented. Thus, embryos isolated
      from diabetic mothers on gestation day 12 had 30% less MI than embryos isolated
      from normal mothers. From these data we conclude that a rise in tissue sorbitol
      is not always accompanied by a fall in tissue MI. These results and recent
      information in the literature implicate involvement of decreased MI
      concentrations in the process leading to malformation of the nervous system in
      diabetic embryopathy.

PMID- 3384194
TI  - Hidden handicap in school-age children who received neonatal intensive care.
AB  - A group of 347 children who had been classed as 'at risk' in the neonatal period
      were examined by means of academic attainment tests and teacher ratings at the
      end of their first year in primary school. Matched classroom controls were also
      examined to estimate the prevalence of reading, spelling and mathematics
      difficulties. Preterm birth and low birthweight appeared to be significant
      antecedents of poorer outcome in all three subjects. The attributable risk of low
      birthweight to academic handicap was estimated to be 29 per cent. There was no
      additional effect of time to spontaneous respiration (short and long) on academic
      outcome for the preterm low-birthweight group. In contrast, poor outcome for the
      low-birthweight children who had not been preterm was associated with longer time
      to spontaneous respiration. Graduates of neonatal intensive care with normal
      birthweights performed comparably with their low-risk controls. These results are
      discussed in relation to other longitudinal studies of the outcome for 'at-risk'
      infants.

PMID- 3384195
TI  - Perinatal risk factors and first-year vocalizations: influence on preschool
      language and motor performance.
AB  - Spontaneous vocalizations of nine children with neonatal risk factors were
      systematically tape-recorded during the first year of life, as were those of 20
      randomly chosen children without such risk factors. All the children were also
      given a battery of tests measuring language, speech, intelligence and motor
      function at six years. Cumulated tape-recordings for the periods six to 11 months
      and six to 14 months showed the infants with risk factors to have a significant
      reduction in various reduplicated syllables and consonants during the first year
      compared to those without risk factors. At six years, six of the nine at-risk
      children had an abnormal language test, as did two of the 20 without neonatal
      risk factors. Children with abnormal language tests performed significantly more
      poorly on various motor tasks; they also had had significantly fewer
      reduplications and consonants during infant vocalizations than the children with
      normal language tests. Perinatal risk factors may delay the production of
      prelinguistic sounds, and analysis of vocalizations might help to identify
      children who are at risk for later language disorders.

PMID- 3384196
TI  - Significance of seizures in very low-birthweight infants.
AB  - Of 506 very low-birthweight (VLBW) infants, the authors review data on 67
      identified as having seizures. 29 survivors with seizures and 305 without were
      followed up at the ages of one, two and five years: statistical significance of
      psychological and mental impairment was evaluated. Impairment was higher in the
      seizure group at 66 per cent (15 per cent in non-seizure group) and 43 per cent
      of these were considered to be severely impaired. Infants with seizures occurring
      for more than seven days and lasting for more than five minutes had the poorest
      outcome, and infants with late onset had the best outcome. Analysis showed that
      40 per cent of seizures were caused by birth asphyxia, and these were strongly
      prognostic, correlating with mortality and impairment rates. 60 per cent of the
      infants who died had the same cause for both their seizures and death, and for 57
      per cent of these the cause was perinatal asphyxia. The poor outlook for the VLBW
      infants suggests that the seizures themselves are a serious neurological insult.

PMID- 3384197
TI  - Complexity of the cognitive phenotype of an inherited form of learning
      disability.
AB  - An extended kindred with familial reading and spelling disorder was evaluated in
      a detailed genetic study. Comprehensive evaluations of cognitive functioning,
      verbal and non-verbal information-processing and academic achievement were
      obtained in order to arrive at a detailed phenotypic characterization of
      'affected' and 'unaffected' family members. The pattern of major deficiencies in
      reading and spelling in this family was consistent with an autosomal dominant
      genetic determinant which had variable expression and incomplete penetrance.
      Although similar phonemic segmentation and sequencing difficulty appeared to
      characterize many of the affected family members, there was a high degree of
      phenotypic variability within this kindred. Caution is advised in interpreting
      the results of studies of subtypes of dyslexia which fail to take etiology into
      account, and it is argued that rigorous within-kindred phenotypic studies of
      dyslexia should be done before generalizations are made to unrelated families.

PMID- 3384198
TI  - Neonatal hypopituitarism: a neurological perspective.
AB  - Twelve patients presented with evidence of hypopituitarism in the neonatal
      period, but only four were correctly diagnosed at that time. Craniofacial, optic
      and neurological features were common. Optic hypoplasia occurred in six cases,
      large anterior and posterior fontanelles in four, wide sutures in four, depressed
      nasal bridge in three, facial palsy in three, and one infant had an asymmetrical,
      crying facies. Seizures occurred in three during the neonatal period and in eight
      at a later age. All 12 had hyperbilirubinaemia, 11 had hypoglycaemia, and
      micropenis occurred in five of the seven boys. This survey suggests that the
      incidence of neonatal hypopituitarism may have increased.

PMID- 3384199
TI  - Ventilator use in progressive neuromuscular disease: impact on patients and their
      families.
AB  - The question of extending the lives of patients with progressive neuromuscular
      disease by means of ventilator support is controversial. It has been documented
      that ventilators can prolong the lives of patients with Duchenne muscular
      dystrophy by between two and 25 years, but few studies have assessed the effects
      of their use on individual or family functioning, or the quality of survival. A
      sample of patients with progressive disease and families living in the community
      was surveyed to assess these effects. Most of the sample were satisfied with
      their decision to extend life with the ventilator, but they found the experience
      significantly stressful in the home. Both patients and families believed their
      health-care team could have met their needs more comprehensively. Recommendations
      are made for health-care professionals working with patients with late-stage
      neuromuscular disease who need to use ventilators.

PMID- 3384200
TI  - Maturation of the neonatal somatosensory evoked response in preterm infants.
AB  - A group of 102 neurologically normal neonates with gestations between 26 and 40
      weeks, without abnormality on cranial ultrasound, underwent evoked response
      testing. Satisfactory results were obtained for 90 per cent of the infants.
      Normal ranges with 95 per cent tolerance limits for the short-latency N1
      component of the response were obtained at postmenstrual ages between 29 weeks
      and term. Somatosensory evoked responses are a practical tool for evaluating
      sensorimotor pathways in the newborn infant's brain.

PMID- 3384201
TI  - Seat insert for cerebral-palsied children with total body involvement.
AB  - The sitting problems of cerebral-palsied children with total body involvement are
      discussed. A moulded seat-insert has been devised which resolves most of these
      problems. Custom-made for each child, the insert incorporates a head-support and
      the seat components are connected by hinges to allow some range of movement.

PMID- 3384202
TI  - A comparison of foot-switch and EMG analysis of varus deformities of the feet of
      children with cerebral palsy.
AB  - Fifty-one children with cerebral palsy who were candidates for surgery for
      equinovarus deformities of the foot had their gait evaluated by means of foot
      switches and electromyography to determine the contribution of the anterior
      tibialis and posterior tibialis muscles to the deformity. Seven EMG patterns and
      five foot-switch patterns were identified, but there was no correlation between
      the EMG and foot-switch patterns. Foot-switch data alone could not identify the
      deforming muscles or their patterns, so are not adequate for planning surgical
      correction of varus feet of children with cerebral palsy.

PMID- 3384203
TI  - Acuity assessment of non-verbal infants and children: clinical experience with
      the acuity card procedure.
AB  - The acuity card procedure was used to assess the visual acuity of 510
      neurologically normal and abnormal infants and children. Acuity estimates were
      obtained for 93 per cent of 842 binocular and 279 monocular tests. The observed
      development of binocular acuity of normal fullterm and preterm infants agreed
      well with previous reports using the traditional forced-choice preferential
      looking technique. Monocular tests seemed to support earlier suggestions that
      grating acuity may be relatively insensitive to strabismic amblyopia. Infants at
      risk of later neurological deficits but developing normally had only a slight
      delay in development of acuity, but there was a high incidence of acuity deficits
      (54 per cent) among those with severe neurological defects. The great majority of
      a group of multiply handicapped children had low acuity for age. Repeat tests
      showed a high degree of test-retest consistency. The acuity card procedure was a
      successful and useful method for assessing the acuity of infants and children who
      cannot be tested with standard ophthalmological methods.

PMID- 3384204
TI  - Recurrent meningitis and transethmoidal intranasal meningoencephalocele.
AB  - A three-year-old girl with hypertelorism suffered seven episodes of meningitis. X
      ray, CT scan and gamma-cisternography revealed a meningoencephalocele at the base
      of the skull. At operation, a 'hole' of about 25mm was clearly visible in the
      midline, just behind the lamina cribrosa; through this a piece of brain tissue
      protruded towards the nasal cavities. The herniated brain-tissue was removed and
      the gap was closed. Meningitis did not recur.

PMID- 3384205
TI  - Single-cause attribution.

PMID- 3384206
TI  - Promoting community living: a psychogeriatric day hospital.

PMID- 3384207
TI  - Patients' perceptions of volunteer support.

PMID- 3384208
TI  - Promoting wellness in the third age.

PMID- 3384209
TI  - Straight from the heart: a home care support network.

PMID- 3384210
TI  - The end of a dream?

PMID- 3384211
TI  - Patient access to records: policymakers must respond.

PMID- 3384212
TI  - Technology: servant or master? An ethical dilemma.

PMID- 3384213
TI  - A question of balance: no simple solutions.

PMID- 3384214
TI  - Hospital archives revisited: history at work.

PMID- 3384215
TI  - Disciplinary responses to nurses' medication errors.

PMID- 3384216
TI  - Copyright legislation and staff development.

PMID- 3384217
TI  - Rationalizing technology.

PMID- 3384218
TI  - Serum lipids and apolipoproteins in children with type 1 (insulin-dependent)
      diabetes during the first two years of the disease.
AB  - Serum lipoproteins and apolipoproteins were studied at diagnosis and 6, 12 and 24
      months later in 30 consecutive children aged 3-15 years with newly detected Type
      1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus (December 1982-October 1984) and in 44
      healthy control children. Serum triglycerides at diagnosis were significantly
      higher than after 6-24 months and also higher than in the control group (p less
      than 0.001). At follow-up, triglycerides in the very low density lipoproteins and
      low density lipoproteins were restored to normal, while high density lipoprotein
      triglycerides remained high. Serum cholesterol at onset of diabetes was
      significantly higher than in the control children (p less than 0.01), mainly
      because of increased very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (p less than
      0.001). Cholesterol in serum and in the serum lipoprotein fractions was similar
      to that in the control children at follow-up, except that high density
      lipoprotein cholesterol was higher in the diabetic children after 6 months. The
      concentrations of the serum apolipoproteins A-I, A-II and B were higher at onset
      of diabetes than in the control children (p less than 0.001, p less than 0.01, p
      less than 0.05 respectively), with a significantly increased ratio of
      apolipoprotein A-I to A-II in the diabetic children (p less than 0.001). The
      serum apolipoprotein concentrations were normalised during treatment. The ratio
      of apolipoprotein A-I to B did not differ from that in control children. On
      admission, there were strong positive correlations between HbA1c and the
      concentrations of the very low density lipoproteins and the low density and high
      density lipoprotein triglycerides.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3384219
TI  - The relationship of hospital admission and fatality from myocardial infarction to
      glycohaemoglobin levels.
AB  - We have performed a study to assess the relative contributions of increased
      hospital admission rates with acute myocardial infarction and increased hospital
      case fatality to the excess mortality of subjects with elevated levels of
      glycohaemoglobin from myocardial infarction. Glycohaemoglobin levels were
      estimated by isoelectric focussing in 397 subjects without known diabetes
      mellitus admitted with myocardial infarction and compared with a control
      population reconstructed from a community sample of 1084 subjects without known
      diabetes mellitus screened in general practice. In the case-control comparison,
      glycohaemoglobin levels above the 90th centile were associated with relative
      risks of 3.1 (95% confidence interval 1.4-6.8) for admission with myocardial
      infarction and 5.3 (95% confidence interval 2.1-13.4) for death in hospital.
      Elevated glycohaemoglobin on admission was a predictor of both death and cardiac
      pump failure among those admitted with myocardial infarction, as was the presence
      of known diabetes. In those over 40 years of age, the top 1% of the
      glycohaemoglobin distribution contribute 4.3% of admissions and 9.6% of hospital
      deaths with myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3384220
TI  - Antecedent chronic hyperglycaemia blocks phlorizin-induced insulin resistance in
      the dog.
AB  - Hyperglycaemia may enhance insulin resistance typical of non-insulin dependent
      diabetes mellitus, as well as insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, and thus
      initiate a vicious pathogenetic cycle. We sought to test the hypothesis that
      reduction in chronic hyperglycaemia in the diabetic dog by methods that do not
      employ insulin may improve insulin resistance. We used the glucuretic agent
      phlorizin in dogs rendered chronically hyperglycaemic and diabetic by alloxan
      treatment. To analyse glucose disposition the euglycaemic clamp was performed. To
      minimize the role of counterregulatory influences that might be at play when
      glucose is reduced, the hyperglycaemic clamp with continuous somatostatin
      infusion was performed. Although phlorizin normalised plasma glucose in the
      diabetic dog and reduced plasma glucose in normal, non-diabetic dogs, insulin
      dependent glucose disposition rate did not improve. While phlorizin itself was
      associated with insulin resistance in the normal animals, the insulin resistance
      of diabetes mellitus was not further augmented. We conclude that phlorizin is
      associated with insulin resistance perhaps by a common pathway shared by chronic
      hyperglycaemia. Care must be taken when phlorizin is used as an agent to study
      glucose disposition.

PMID- 3384221
TI  - Abnormal regulation of pancreatic glucagon secretion in obese fa/fa rats.
AB  - The results reported in the literature regarding glucagonaemia in genetically
      obese fa/fa rats are conflicting: normal, increased or decreased plasma glucagon
      levels have been reported. Due to the existence of several molecules endowed with
      glucagon-like immunoreactivity, it was thought that the conflicting data could be
      related to the degree of specificity of the different glucagon antibodies. Three
      antibodies that all qualified as being specific for pancreatic glucagon were
      used. It was found that, depending on the antibody, absolute values of basal
      glucagonaemia or arginine-induced glucagon output varied quantitatively and
      qualitatively in both lean and obese rats. When non-extracted basal or stimulated
      plasma samples were passed on a G-50 Sephadex column, glucagon-like
      immunoreactivity was present over a wide range of molecular weights, indicating
      the presence of non-pancreatic glucagon molecules. When an ethanol extraction was
      used, the fractions eluting from the G-50 Sephadex column contained only
      pancreatic glucagon immunoreactivity. It is concluded that ethanol extraction is
      necessary for the measurement of the 3500 daltons glucagon. Using this
      methodology it was found that: (1) basal glucagonaemia was low but identical in
      the two groups of rats; (2) arginine-induced glucagon secretion was greater in
      obese than in lean animals; (3) glucagonaemia was decreased by glucose
      administration in lean but not in obese rats. It is concluded that there are, in
      obese animals, dysfunctions of glucagon output that may play a role in their
      abnormal glucose tolerance.

PMID- 3384222
TI  - Effects of molecular oxygen on chick limb bud chondrogenesis.
AB  - Chondrogenesis is an important process in the development of the embryonic chick
      limb. If limb buds are dispersed just prior to the initiation of chondrogenic
      differentiation and their cells seeded densely in culture as three-dimensional
      "micromasses," some of the cells differentiate to form chondrogenic nodules.
      These nodules characteristically produce sulfated proteoglycans and type II
      collagen. Two conditions within the early avian limb core have been linked
      causatively to the initiation of chondrogenesis: a limitation in the availability
      of molecular oxygen and a low NAD content of the tissue. The O2 limitation is
      thought to be responsible for the low NAD level. We examined the effects of
      molecular oxygen on the NAD content of chick limb-bud cells in micromass culture,
      the formation of chondrocytic nodules, and the production of type II collagen and
      sulfated proteoglycans. The NAD content of the cells in the micromasses and the
      production of type II collagen did not vary greatly as a function of oxygen
      availability. The development of the nodules was modified, but not eliminated, by
      high oxygen partial pressure (0.95). It was eliminated by anoxia. Proteoglycan
      synthesis was decreased significantly by high oxygen tension and its sulfation
      was also decreased, more so in the wing-bud than the leg-bud cells. The results
      suggest that in culture, high oxygen tension is compatible with some, but not
      all, aspects of chondrogenic differentiation of cells from embryonic chick limbs.

PMID- 3384223
TI  - Expression of SPARC/osteonectin transcript in murine embryos and gonads.
AB  - A cDNA clone, p2-4, was isolated from mouse teratocarcinoma-derived parietal
      endoderm-like cells and used to analyze expression of the corresponding
      transcript during mouse embryogenesis. Nucleotide-sequence analysis revealed
      extensive homology between this clone and SPARC/osteonectin cDNA cloned from
      mouse parietal endoderm and bovine bone cells. The SPARC/osteonectin transcript
      became more abundant when embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells differentiated into
      parietal endoderm-like cells. In embryos, the transcript began to appear in the
      embryo proper on day 11 and continued to be expressed throughout the gestation
      period. The transcript was also present in extraembryonic membranes and placenta
      from days 9 and 11 onward, respectively. Thus, expression of the transcript was
      regulated during differentiation of EC cells and during embryogenesis. In adult
      mice, several non-bone tissues, including testis, also expressed the transcript.
      Analysis of germ-cell-deficient mice indicated that non-germ-cell components of
      the testis expressed the transcript. Analysis of mouse testicular cell lines
      further suggested that the transcript was abundant in Sertoli cells and Leydig
      cells. Cumulus oophorus cells that envelope the ovulated egg also expressed high
      levels of the transcript.

PMID- 3384224
TI  - Sequential expression and differential function of multiple enamel proteins
      during fetal, neonatal, and early postnatal stages of mouse molar organogenesis.
AB  - We have established the time and position of expression for multiple enamel
      proteins during the development of the mouse molar tooth organ. Using high
      resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled with immunoblotting and
      immunocytochemistry, a 46-kDa enamel protein (pI, 5.5) was detected during late
      cap stage (18-days gestation, E18d) within differentiation-zone-II inner enamel
      epithelia associated with an intact basal lamina. At E19d a second enamel
      polypeptide of 72 kDa (pI, 5.8) was identified at the time and position of
      initial biomineralization in differentiation zone V. At 20 days, differentiation
      zone-VI ameloblasts without basal lamina (late bell stage) expressed 46- and 72
      kDa enamel proteins and, in addition, expressed a relatively more basic 26-kDa
      enamel protein (pI, 6.5-6.7); detected after initial formation of calcium
      hydroxyapatite crystals. Antibodies raised against chemically synthesized enamel
      peptides cross-reacted with both the 72-kDa and 26-kDa polypeptides, but did not
      cross-react with the 46-kDa enamel polypeptide. The sequential expression of
      multiple enamel proteins suggests several functions: (a) the anionic enamel
      proteins may provide an instructive template for calcium hydroxyapatite crystal
      formation; (b) the more neutral proteins possibly serve to regulate size, shape
      and rates of enamel crystal formation. We suggest that initial expression of
      enamel gene products during mouse tooth development possibly recapitulates
      ancestral features of amelogenesis documented in prereptilian vertebrates. These
      results imply that multiple instructive signals may be responsible for mammalian
      enamel protein induction and that the sequential expression of a family of enamel
      proteins reflects the evolutionary acquisition of a more complex genetic program
      for amelogenesis.

PMID- 3384225
TI  - A water-soluble fraction from adult bone stimulates the differentiation of
      cartilage in explants of embryonic muscle.
AB  - A water-soluble fraction of a 4 M guanidine HCl extract of demineralized adult
      bovine bone stimulated the differentiation of cartilage in explants of minced
      skeletal muscle from embryonic chick legs; cartilage was also induced by a
      semipurified protein preparation. Cartilage could be identified in treated
      cultures at 1 week with muscle from day-9 embryos, not before 2 weeks with muscle
      from day-12 embryos, and not before 3 weeks with muscle from day-19 embryos. The
      ability to respond to this water-soluble fraction by exhibiting cartilage
      differentiation was dose-dependent, but not confined to any particular muscle
      region of the day-12 embryonic leg. These observations indicate that bone-derived
      soluble chondroinductive agents act on cells in minced embryonic muscle
      preparations. The induction of cartilage is dependent upon the accessibility of
      the responding cells to the agents, on the concentration of inductive agents, and
      on the developmental age of the responsive tissue.

PMID- 3384226
TI  - Identification and changes in the pattern of expression of slow-skeletal-muscle
      like myosin heavy chains in a developing fast muscle.
AB  - Immunochemical studies of chicken pectoralis major, a fast muscle, have
      demonstrated large amounts of myosin heavy chains (MHCs) of the slow-skeletal
      muscle type during early stages of embryonic development. A large majority of the
      myotubes present in early embryonic muscle stained for this class of MHC. As
      development progressed, its synthesis was suppressed in most of the muscle,
      except in the deeper presumptive red-strip region. The level of this MHC in the
      embryonic muscle appeared to be reduced by its suppression in a proportion of the
      existing cells, by the addition of many presumptive fast cells that never
      expressed this MHC, and by atrophy or degeneration of a small proportion of the
      slow MHC-positive cells. Further suppression of this MHC in a proportion of the
      histochemically typed slow cells present in the red-strip region did not occur
      until quite late in the post-hatch period.

PMID- 3384227
TI  - Membrane-cytoskeleton interactions: inhibition of odontoblast differentiation by
      a monoclonal antibody directed against a membrane protein.
AB  - It is known that high-molecular-weight (HMW) membrane proteins mediate
      interactions with constituents of the extracellular matrix and/or with
      cytoskeletal elements. To study participation of HMW membrane proteins in
      odontoblast or ameloblast differentiation, an immunological approach has been
      adopted. Antibodies directed against membrane proteins (Mr, 110-190) from mouse
      embryos have been produced by the hybridoma technique. Supernatants of hybridoma
      cultures were screened for their ability to stain dental tissues and also tested
      for their biological activities on dental cells in primary culture or on
      developing tooth germs in organ culture. An IgM monoclonal antibody, MC16A16,
      directed against a 165-kDa antigen present in plasma membrane preparations,
      reacted strongly with the dental epithelium and weakly with the mesenchyme.
      MC16A16 also reacted with the cell surface of nonpermeabilized cultured dental
      cells and could detach epithelial cells cultured on glass, but not mesenchymal
      cells which maintained vinculin-containing focal contacts. This antibody, which
      affected the organization of dental-cell microfilaments in primary culture, also
      inhibited the polarization of odontoblasts, but not that of ameloblasts.

PMID- 3384228
TI  - [Cardio-regulatory reflexes in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis].

PMID- 3384229
TI  - [The role of potassium-sparing diuretics in the treatment of cardiac
      insufficiency].

PMID- 3384230
TI  - [Liver cirrhosis associated with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia:
      presentation of a case].

PMID- 3384231
TI  - [Restoration of sinus rhythm by lidocaine in a case of atrial fibrillation with
      high ventricular response in a patient with Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome].

PMID- 3384232
TI  - [The immune system in the complex host-tumor relationship].

PMID- 3384233
TI  - [A clinical case].

PMID- 3384234
TI  - [Ferritin].

PMID- 3384235
TI  - [Structural and ultrastructural aspects of liver aging].

PMID- 3384236
TI  - [Nutritional status and protein consumption in patients under hemodialysis].

PMID- 3384237
TI  - [Iron treatment of iron deficiency manifested in the beta-thalassemic
      heterozygote].

PMID- 3384238
TI  - [Iodide-induced thyrotoxicosis. Clinical case].

PMID- 3384239
TI  - 31P-NMR spectroscopy of human cancer cells proliferating in a basement membrane
      gel.
AB  - We describe a system in which proliferating human breast cancer cells are
      monitored by NMR spectroscopy for at least 6 days in basement membrane gel (BMG)1
      threads. The cells are perfused under standard sterile cell culture conditions.
      31P-NMR spectra obtained continuously for up to 64 h showed an increase in the
      signals owing to an increasing number of cells. Cell division in the BMG is
      easily observed by microscope or by the human eye as the gel opacifies. Spectra
      of cells in the BMG threads at 20% confluency show a more rapid signal increase
      than at 60% confluency. Cells grown in vivo in nude mice show a spectrum markedly
      similar to in vitro spectra in BMG threads, whereas the same cells in agarose
      threads lack peaks owing to Pi, glycerophosphocholine, and
      glycerophosphoethanolamine. With the high resolution obtained from this system we
      distinguished intracellular from extracellular Pi in vitro, and found that the
      intracellular pH is equal to that observed in the same cell line in vivo. This
      cell-BMG system is in effect a model tumor, but it is composed of a homogeneous
      cell population that can be observed indefinitely as the cells reproduce. The
      material needed is inexpensive, the technique is simple and efficient, and no
      adaptation of the spectrometer is required. This model will be useful for
      studying intracellular metabolism and the interaction of cells with the basement
      membrane.

PMID- 3384241
TI  - Evaluating publication records.

PMID- 3384240
TI  - Expression of airway hyperreactivity to acetylcholine as a simple autosomal
      recessive trait in mice.
AB  - An increased airway response to various bronchoconstricting agents is one of the
      hallmarks of asthma. An interdependence of heredity and environment appears to
      determine this nonspecific hyperreactivity of the airways. The present study
      describes the patterns of inheritance of the airway response to a direct mediator
      of smooth muscle contraction (acetylcholine) in A/J and C3H/HeJ inbred mice and
      their offspring. The mean airway response to acetylcholine was greater than
      sixfold higher in A/J mice as compared with C3H/HeJ mice. Two phenotypes were
      easily distinguished on the basis of airway responses to acetylcholine in the
      progeny of A/J and C3H/HeJ mice. These two phenotypes were termed HYPERREACTIVE
      (after the A/J strain) and HYPOREACTIVE (after the C3H/HeJ strain). The observed
      frequencies of HYPERREACTIVE and HYPOREACTIVE phenotypes in the (A/J x C3H/HeJ)
      F1; (C3H/HeJ x A/J) F1 x C3H/HeJ (C3H/HeJ backcross); and the [(A/J x C3H/HeJ) F1
      x (C3H/HeJ x A/J) F1] F2 are consistent with a single autosomal recessive gene
      primarily controlling acetylcholine-mediated airway responses. This single gene
      difference in airway response is completely inhibited by atropine and therefore
      mediated entirely by the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor.

PMID- 3384242
TI  - [Health care and the medical profession].

PMID- 3384244
TI  - [Hemodynamic tests in day hospital routines].

PMID- 3384243
TI  - [Percutaneous brachial approach in left heart catheterization with 5 French
      catheters. Preliminary experience].
AB  - This describes our preliminary experience with percutaneous brachial approach for
      cardiac catheterization, by using 5 French (F) preformed catheters. Thirty
      patients (pts) were studied from the left arm (Group A) with a 5F sheath and 5F
      Judkins catheters and 30 from the right arm (Group B) with 5F sheath and 5F
      Amplatz catheters. Pigtail catheters (5F) were used for the left ventricular
      angiograms in all patients. In 10 patients arterial velocity signals and radial
      and ulnar artery blood pressures were monitored with the Doppler ultrasonic
      velocity detector before and immediately after each procedure, and 24 hours
      later. Arterial puncture was carried out successfully in each patient by using a
      18-gauge Potts-Cournand needle. The puncture site was as close as possible to the
      ante cubital fossa where the artery is less mobile. Both coronary arteries were
      selectively opacified and the left ventricular angiography was done on every
      patient. The diagnostic quality of the angiograms was evaluated by the visual
      analogue scale and the results were not different from those obtained with the
      femoral approach in our catheterization laboratory. In 3 out of 30 pts in group B
      it was impossible to obtain a good left coronary opacification with Amplatz
      catheters for anatomical reasons, thus the right femoral approach was preferred.
      Brachial artery occlusion occurred in 1 patient from group B and needed surgical
      thrombectomy carried out to restore normal radial and ulnar pulses.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3384245
TI  - [Comparison of permanent cardiac pacing and cardiac pacing on demand in mixed
      carotid sinus syndrome. Acute- and medium-term follow-up study].
AB  - The aim of the study was to evaluate the importance of atrial synchronism for
      pacing therapy of patients with mixed carotid sinus syndrome. On 23 patients (21
      m, 2 f; mean age 69 +/- 8 years) affected by symptomatic mixed carotid sinus
      syndrome we performed: 1) the study of ventriculo-atrial conduction, 2) the
      evaluation of pacemaker effect and 3) the carotid sinus massage in standing
      position during VVI and DVI temporary pacing. All patients received a permanent
      DVI pacemaker and then underwent a two-month period single-blind, randomized,
      cross-over study on DVI vs VVI mode. During DVI period, no syncope occurred in
      any patients, minor symptoms persisted in 11 (48%) of them; during VVI period
      syncopes recurred in 3 patients, symptoms requiring the withdrawal of VVI pacing
      and premature DVI reprogramming in 8, minor symptoms were observed in 17 (74%). A
      comparison between 14 patients who preferred DVI period (Group A) and the
      remaining 9 patients who had no preference for DVI and VVI period (Group B)
      revealed that Group A patients had a greater pacemaker effect (-34 +/- 16 mmHg vs
      -16 +/- 14 mmHg; p less than 0.02) and a higher prevalence of ventriculo-atrial
      conduction (78% vs 44%; p = 0.1), while the entity of the systolic pressure fall
      caused by carotid sinus massage was similar in the two groups both during VVI
      mode (Group A -51 +/- 16 mmHg vs Group B -56 +/- 27 mmHg) and DVI mode (Group A 
      38 +/- 17 mmHg vs Group B -45 +/- 17 mmHg).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3384247
TI  - [Secondary and primary pulmonary arterial hypertension. Various indications for
      clinical research].

PMID- 3384246
TI  - [Differences in patients with chronic pulmonary embolism and primary pulmonary
      hypertension].
AB  - Chronic pulmonary embolism is a rare disease which can occur at first with
      pulmonary hypertension. In these cases it may be difficult to distinguish between
      primary pulmonary hypertension. We examined nine patients with Chronic Pulmonary
      Embolism (CPE) (three females and six males, mean age 45 +/- 13 years, range 21
      67 years) and ten patients with Primary Pulmonary Hypertension (PPH) (seven
      females and three males, mean age 35 +/- 13 years, range 10-56 years) who came to
      our attention during the years 1973-1986 (mean follow up 3 years). All patients
      had an electrocardiogram, chest x-ray, echocardiogram, cardiac catheterization
      with pulmonary angiography; seven patients with CPE and eight with PPH had
      perfusion lung scans. Progressive dyspnoea was the main feature in all the
      patients; four out of nine with CPE and none of the ones with PPH had a previous
      history of thrombophlebitis. In all the patients the electrocardiogram, chest x
      ray and echocardiogram showed signs of pulmonary hypertension, so that a clear
      distinction between the two groups was not possible. Cardiac catheterization
      showed pulmonary pressure values higher in patients with PPH as compared to the
      ones with CPE (systolic pressure 96 mmHg vs 70 mmHg, diastolic pressure 49 mmHg
      vs 31 mmHg, mean pressure 65 mmHg vs 45 mmHg). Pulmonary angiography in more than
      half of the patients with CPE showed a "cut off" of two or more lobar branches of
      the pulmonary arteries. In the patients with PPH pulmonary angiography showed a
      dilatation of the main pulmonary artery and a diffuse bilateral hypoperfusion.
      Perfusion lung scan in all the cases of CPE showed zonal perfusion defects, while
      in all cases of PPH, with the exception of one, it was largely normal. Venograms
      in the districts of the inferior vena cava demonstrated thrombosis in two out of
      six patients with CPE. Negative venograms were found in the five patients with
      PPH who had this investigation performed. One patient with CPE had a surgical
      embolectomy, the other eight had anticoagulant oral treatment. During the follow
      up period three patients with CPE and five with PPH died within five years and
      within fifteen months respectively, of the diagnosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400
      WORDS)

PMID- 3384248
TI  - Clinical relevance of the electrocardiogram in relatives of patients with
      hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
AB  - Eighty-nine first-degree relatives of 22 patients with an established diagnosis
      of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy underwent electrocardiographic and
      echocardiographic screening. Scalar electrocardiogram was abnormal in 30/89
      (33.7%) relatives. Of these thirty, eleven had definite evidence of hypertrophic
      cardiomyopathy at echo; one had borderline hypertrophy and was considered neither
      affected nor unaffected; four had questionable signs of hypertrophy. The
      remaining 14 relatives had normal echo-cardiograms. Fifty-nine relatives (66.3%)
      had normal electrocardiograms; at echo 3 were considered to have borderline
      hypertrophy, 16 had questionable signs of hypertrophy and 40 were normal. In
      relatives of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy an abnormal
      electrocardiogram may reflect different morphologic conditions: a real
      hypertrophic cardiomyopathy or a myocardial hypertrophy of uncertain
      significance. Furthermore, in these categories of subjects, an abnormal
      electrocardiogram with normal echo must be considered with caution.

PMID- 3384249
TI  - [Evaluation of peak filling rate for the early identification of daunorubicin
      cardiotoxicity].
AB  - Anthracyclines are potent anticancer agents and their use is limited because of
      their cardiotoxicity which differs from one patient to another and is also
      dependent on other concurring risk factors. The radionuclide ventriculography is
      the non-invasive trasteale method used to detect early variations in the Left
      Ventricular Function (LVF) using Anthracyclines. The LVF in 13 pts, with acute
      non lymphoblastic leukaemia, was analyzed using a Nuclear Stethoscope before and
      after induction therapy with daunorubicin (DNR) at the total dosage of 135 mg/m2.
      The mean age of this group was 59 +/- 5 years; 4 of these were female and 9 were
      male. In all pts the Ejection Fraction (EF) for the systolic phase and the Peak
      Filling Rate (PFR) for the diastolic phase were evaluated. Results. Before
      therapy: 1) normal value of EF (74 +/- 4%) in all pts; 2) normal value of PFR in
      10 pts and a slightly reduced value in 3 pts (PFR middle 3.30 +/- 0.74 EDV/sec).
      After therapy: 1) no significant changes in EF (72 +/- 4%); 2) significant
      reduction of PFR values in all pts (PFR middle 2.71 +/- 0.48 EDV/sec; p less than
      0.05). CONCLUSIONS: the results show an early involvement of the diastolic phase
      (reduction of PFR) in patients who underwent DNR induction therapy. This is also
      evident from the normal EF values.

PMID- 3384250
TI  - New technology in the treatment of gallbladder stones.

PMID- 3384251
TI  - Dissolving agents of human mixed cholesterol stones.
AB  - Methyl tert-butyl ether which is a powerful cholesterol monohydrate solvent does
      not completely dissolve mixed cholesterol gallstones when directly infused into
      the biliary tree. In this work, we compared the effect of various solvents
      containing different proportions of methyl tert-butyl ether and dimethylsulfoxide
      in anhydrous and aqueous systems on the in vitro solubilization of human
      cholesterol stones. The dissolution rates of cholesterol obtained in the presence
      of methyl tert-butyl ether was markedly decreased when 10 p. 100 water was added.
      In contrast, the addition of dimethylsulfoxide (30 p. 100) to methyl tert-butyl
      ether-water system enhanced the stone-solvent contact, improved the cholesterol
      dissolution rates and left less stone debris. A subsequent dissolution with an
      alkaline, pH = 8.8, aqueous dimethylsulfoxide-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
      solution strongly reduced the non cholesterol residues. In vivo, nearly complete
      dissolution of human cholesterol stones implanted in the gallbladder of rabbits
      was obtained within 8 hours when methyl tert-butyl ether/dimethylsulfoxide
      (70/30) solvent was infused at a rate of 0.6 ml/h/kg. With methyl tert-butyl
      ether, only 84 p. 100 of the original stone weight was dissolved. The infusion of
      these solvents leads to morphological changes in the gallbladder wall with some
      focal ulcerations. These alterations can be almost completely recovered after two
      weeks. No histologic evidence of hepatic, duodenal or renal damage was found. We
      conclude that the mixture methyl tert-butyl ether/dimethylsulfoxide (70/30)
      constitutes a good solvent for mixed cholesterol stones. Compared with pure
      methyl tert-butyl ether, the mixed system allows for a more rapid and a more
      complete dissolution of gallstones.

PMID- 3384252
TI  - [Lithiasis of the common bile duct in the aged subject treated with endoscopy
      (227 patients)].
AB  - One hundred and sixteen patients aged from 65 to 80 years (first group including
      39 previously cholecystectomized patients) and 161 patients aged over 80 years
      (second group, including 31 previously cholecystectomized patients) underwent
      endoscopic papillotomy for choledocholithiasis. We compared clinical, biochemical
      and morphological features of choledocolithiasis with early results of endoscopic
      papillotomy. Clinical symptoms were not different between the old and very old
      patients, cholecystectomized or not. Charcot's triade was observed in one third
      of patients. Biochemical data just before endoscopic retrograde cholangiography
      were not different according to groups: 21 p. 100 of the 277 patients had a
      biological cholestasis without elevation of bilirubin and 10 p. 100 of the
      patients had no abnormality of the liver function. Diagnosis of
      choledocholithiasis was accurately suspected in 90 p. 100 of patients. Complete
      removal of gallstones after endoscopic papillotomy was obtained in 95 p. 100 of
      patients in the first group and 93 p. 100 of patients in the second group.
      Morbidity and mortality rates related to endoscopic papillotomy were not
      different between the 2 groups (6.9 and 0.8 p. 100 in the first group and 8.7 and
      3.1 p. 100 in the second group, the first group and 8.7 and 3.1 p. 100 in the
      second group, respectively). These results suggest that clinical and biochemical
      features of choledocholithiasis, and early results of endoscopic treatment do not
      present any particularities in the elderly.

PMID- 3384253
TI  - [Short small intestine, very short small intestine, overwhelmed short
      intestine?].

PMID- 3384254
TI  - [Digestive surgery in France. A national epidemiologic survey (1978-1982)].
AB  - An epidemiological survey, carried out from 1978 to 1982 in 460 public and
      private institutions randomly selected from all parts of France, provided an
      assessment of the activity performed in digestive surgery. The sample included
      37,967 patients, yielding an annual estimation of 700,000 patients operated on in
      the entire country. Digestive surgery was the first surgical domain (20 p. 100 of
      the entire surgical activity); 51.5 p. 100 of the patients were males and 53 p.
      100 were under 35 yr of age. The annual incidence of these operations was 1.3 per
      100 population. The first reason for operation was appendicitis (43 p. 100),
      followed by hernia (17.2 p. 100), gallbladder and biliary tract (10 p. 100), and
      anal diseases (7.7 p. 100). Digestive cancers led to 32,000 operations each year,
      with a majority of colonic cancers (40 p. 100). Except for appendectomy and
      operations on the gallbladder and biliary tract, most procedures were more
      frequent in males, especially operations on the stomach and esophagus. Incidences
      of appendectomy, cholecystectomy, inguinal hernia repair and operations for
      digestive cancers were assessed by sex and age. Incidence of appendectomy was 3
      to 4 times greater than in other countries. Intraoperative and immediate
      postoperative (less than 24 h) mortality was higher for digestive operations (4.7
      p. 1000) than for surgery as a whole (2 p. 1000). It increased with age and was
      higher in males.

PMID- 3384255
TI  - [Colonic response to the meal of the right colon, the left colon, the
      rectosigmoid and the rectosigmoidal junction in digestive functional disorders].
AB  - The aim of this work was to answer the two following questions: 1) is there any
      difference between the right colonic, the left colonic, and the rectosigmoid
      motility? 2) does the rectosigmoid junction (radiological and endoscopic entity)
      exhibit a specific motility pattern? Colonic motility was assessed by
      electromyography. We used an intraluminal probe supporting 15 groups of 3 ring
      electrodes. Inside the probe a lead pellet was placed opposite each electrode.
      The probe was inserted through the colon by colonoscopy. A visual analysis of the
      signal was performed and we distinguished: Long Spike Bursts (LSB) activity
      (propagating in oral or aboral direction or not propagating) from Short Spike
      Bursts (SSB) activity as previously described. Twenty patients suffering from the
      irritable bowel syndrome included in a subgroup defined as abdominal pain, were
      studied, and two groups were defined as follows: the tip of the probe was
      positioned in the caecum in 9: group "Right colon" patients. An electrode was
      specifically located on the rectosigmoid junction in 15: group "Junction"
      patients. In the "Right colon" group, the postprandial increase of LSB activity
      in the rectosigmoid lasted longer than in the right and left colons. During the
      postprandial period, the right colon exhibited a lower LSB activity than the
      rectosigmoid (p less than 0.01). After the meal LSB activity propagating in
      aboral direction was increased in the right colon while it was inhibited in the
      rectosigmoid. LSB activity propagating in the oral direction was increased both
      in the right colon and rectosigmoid after the meal. In the "Junction" group, we
      observed a specific myoelectrical activity at the rectosigmoid junction.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3384256
TI  - [Intestinal angiostrongyliasis caused by Angiostrongylus costaricencis. Apropos
      of a case in Martinique].
AB  - Intestinal angiostrongyliasis caused by Angiostrongylus costaricensis is a rare
      nematodiasis which is present mainly in Costa-Rica, and in some other countries
      in the northern part of South America, Central America, and in the southern part
      of Mexico. This is a report of the first case from Martinique involving a sixteen
      month old child, and proved by an intestinal pathologic study. The epidemiology
      of the disease, its clinical, parasitological, histopathologic and therapeutic
      aspects are emphasized.

PMID- 3384257
TI  - [Contribution of extracorporeal lithotripsy in the treatment of intrahepatic
      biliary lithiasis].

PMID- 3384258
TI  - [A case of isolated ORL and esophageal localization of Crohn disease].

PMID- 3384259
TI  - [Gastroduodenal necrosis in an hemolytic and uremic syndrome in the adult].

PMID- 3384260
TI  - [Endoscopic detection of polyps. Colonoscopy or pansigmoidoscopy].

PMID- 3384261
TI  - Digital radiography of the gastrointestinal tract.
AB  - The gastrointestinal tract lends itself quite well to digital imaging. Since
      fluoroscopy is already employed, the images can easily be obtained in digital
      format and several manufacturers have now developed systems for commercial use.
      Because of the type of pathology as well as the inherent subject contrast, it
      would appear the resolution requirements for digital imaging of the
      gastrointestinal tract are less than in other organ systems. The necessary
      resolution level is already technically available and feasible without
      significant cost. Digital imaging also holds promise of at least a modest
      reduction in radiation dose to the patient, as well as a reduction in costs,
      although these factors are operator dependent. However, digital imaging provides
      a latitude in performing the examination that is not available with screen-film
      systems. Finally, there is promise that by acquiring gastrointestinal images in
      digital format, manipulation of the images may help increase diagnostic accuracy
      by improving both technical and perceptive components of diagnosis. Not only will
      simple image manipulation be helpful but there is even potential for computer
      assisted evaluation of gastrointestinal images.

PMID- 3384262
TI  - Gastric ulceration caused by heater probe coagulation.
AB  - A double-contrast upper gastrointestinal examination on a woman who had undergone
      endoscopic heater probe therapy one day earlier for multiple arteriovenous
      malformations revealed shallow, irregular, and linear ulcers at the sites of
      heater probe coagulation. Multiple shallow ulcers may therefore develop as a
      direct complication of heater probe therapy. Radiologists should be aware of this
      complication to avoid diagnostic confusion in these patients.

PMID- 3384263
TI  - Small bowel enteroclysis survey.
AB  - A survey questionnaire was sent to 125 radiology programs to determine the
      frequency and indications for the use of small bowel enteroclysis. Sixty-seven of
      the 84 respondents perform small bowel enteroclysis while 17 do not. The 3 most
      common indications for enteroclysis are detection of unexplained gastrointestinal
      bleeding, partial small bowel obstruction, and Crohn's disease. We conclude that
      although small bowel enteroclysis is a well-established examination, there are
      wide differences in the frequency with which it is performed, the techniques of
      examination, and indications for its use.

PMID- 3384264
TI  - Radiological appearance of migrating motor complex of the small intestine.
AB  - During fasting, a cyclical pattern of rhythmic peristaltic motor activity is
      known to occur in the small intestine. It is called the migrating motor complex
      (MMC), and periodically sweeps the small bowel of secretions. It is usually
      abolished by feeding. This report is the first description of an MMC observed
      during the fluoroscopic examination of a patient during a small bowel
      examination.

PMID- 3384265
TI  - Small bowel edema: mosaic pattern.
AB  - We report an unusual radiographic appearance of small bowel submucosal edema
      produced by obstruction from metastatic colorectal carcinoma. The distinctive
      muscosal pattern of raised polygonal plaques is the same mosaic pattern described
      in the colon and referred to as "urticaria." This mosaic pattern in the small
      bowel has not previously been reported.

PMID- 3384266
TI  - Allergy to barium sulfate suspension with angioedema of the stomach and small
      bowel.
AB  - Hypersensitivity reactions occurring during barium studies of the
      gastrointestinal tract are rare. A case is presented with radiographically
      demonstrated angioedema in the stomach and small bowel accompanied by allergic
      rhinitis, which was apparently an allergic response to the barium sulfate
      suspension. The reaction was documented twice during separate challenges to the
      barium suspension performed several months apart.

PMID- 3384267
TI  - Cholecystojejunostomy intussusception.
AB  - Intermittent prolapse of a jejunal loop into the gallbladder lumen was observed
      following cholecystojejunostomy in a patient with advanced carcinoma of the
      pancreas. This unusual complication was documented by cholangiography and
      sonography.

PMID- 3384268
TI  - Duodenal fistula: complication of a pseudoaneurysm of the common hepatic artery.
AB  - An unusual case of an iatrogenic pseudoaneurysm arising from the common hepatic
      artery extending along the gastroduodenal artery and associated with an
      arterioduodenal fistula is reported. Angiography is the method for definitive
      diagnosis. In patients with obscure upper gastrointestinal bleeding, an
      arterioenteric fistula should be considered in the differential diagnosis,
      especially in those with previous vascular intervention.

PMID- 3384269
TI  - Computed tomographic diagnosis of enterovesical fistulae: barium evacuation
      method.
AB  - We reviewed and compared the computed tomographic (CT) findings for 5 patients
      suspected of having enterovesical fistulae with convential radiographic studies
      and the results of cystoscopy. Prior to scanning, patients were rectally
      administered 200 ml of 0.8% wt/vol barium solution, and then evacuated before
      they were administered 200 ml of olive oil via the anus and 100 ml of olive oil
      via the urethra. The CT following the barium evacuation successfully demonstrated
      the enterovesical fistulae in 4 patients. It was also diagnostic in a clinically
      suspected case in verifying the absence of an enterovesical fistula.

PMID- 3384270
TI  - Percutaneous drainage of abscesses in patients with Crohn's disease.
AB  - The hospital courses of 9 patients with intraabdominal abscesses and Crohn's
      disease who underwent abscess drainage utilizing percutaneous techniques were
      reviewed. Percutaneous methods brought about resolution of fever, leukocytosis,
      and the abscess cavity in 8 patients. In 5 of these, definitive cure was achieved
      with percutaneous drainage. In 3, single-stage bowel surgery and fistulectomy
      were performed following resolution of the abscess cavities and improvement of
      clinical signs and symptoms. All patients had uncomplicated postoperative
      courses. Percutaneous drainage should be the initial drainage procedure in
      treating postoperative abscesses, and, when performed preoperatively, can
      diminish surgical morbidity.

PMID- 3384271
TI  - Percutaneous cholecystostomy of an ectopic gallbladder.
AB  - Percutaneous cholecystostomy and drainage of a retrohepatic gallbladder were
      performed in a patient with sclerosing cholangitis. Correlative imaging using
      computed tomography, ultrasound, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography, and
      sulfur colloid liver scan of this unusual anomaly are presented herein.

PMID- 3384272
TI  - Radiologic features of retroperitoneal cystic hamartoma.
AB  - Retroperitoneal cystic harmartoma is a rare tumor believed to originate from
      small portions of the embryonic tailgut that normally disappear in early fetal
      development. Depending on the location and size of the mass, a wide range of
      clinical presentations is associated with the lesion. Most lesions are found in
      the presacrococcygealretrorectal space, but they may also occur in other
      retroperitoneal locations. Computed tomography (CT) is the most sensitive
      radiologic study for detecting these tumors, which usually are small, round,
      sharply marginated, and of homogeneous soft tissue density. We describe the
      clinical, radiographic, and pathologic features in four patients. In three cases,
      the lesions occurred in the perirectal space, and in one it was found in the
      iliac fossa. In this last case, there was an additional lesion in the perinephric
      region.

PMID- 3384273
TI  - Coaxial technique for CT-guided biopsy of deep retroperitoneal lymph nodes.
AB  - Computed tomographic (CT)-guided fine needle biopsy of retroperitoneal lymph
      nodes in very obese patients may be technically difficult. A simplified coaxial
      method of needle insertion similar to the method used for coaxial lung biopsy
      techniques is described.

PMID- 3384274
TI  - Mesenteric panniculitis: CT appearance.
AB  - Mesenteric panniculitis is an uncommon disease that presents with nonspecific
      symptoms. Laparotomy with biopsy has traditionally been required for diagnosis. A
      case is presented in which the diagnosis was suggested by computed tomography.

PMID- 3384275
TI  - Hepatitis B virus DNA polymerase activity and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)/anti
      HBe status among type B chronic liver diseases.
AB  - To investigate the relationship between hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication and
      chronic liver disease, age-specific prevalences of HBeAg, anti-HBe, and HBV DNA
      polymerase (DNAP) activity were studied in 295 asymptomatic HBV carriers and 183
      patients with B-type chronic liver diseases. DNAP activity decreased with age,
      and there was no difference in the overall prevalence of DNAP activity between
      the asymptomatic carriers (27.8%) and the chronic liver disease patients (27.3%).
      The prevalence of DNAP activity in the 40-and-over age group was significantly
      higher for the chronic liver disease patients (17.5%) than for the asymptomatic
      carriers (1.7%). The prevalence of HBeAg in the 40-and-over age group was also
      significantly higher for the chronic liver disease patients (33.8%) than for the
      asymptomatic carriers (2.6%). These data suggest that viral replication decreased
      with age and that viral replication occurring in older persons closely related to
      chronic liver disease.

PMID- 3384276
TI  - Computerized morphometry of liver cells in diffuse hepatic diseases.
AB  - Computerized morphometrical measurements were made of liver cells and their
      nuclei taken from livers of healthy persons and from patients with acute
      hepatitis (AH), chronic hepatitis (CH), and liver cirrhosis (LC). Liver biopsies
      were performed on 127 people (24 convalescing from acute hepatitis, 20 with
      chronic inactive hepatitis (CIH), 24 with chronic active hepatitis (CAH), 38 with
      liver cirrhosis (LC) and 21 who were healthy controls (HC]. The specimens were
      stained with hematoxylin-eosin, then light microscopic pictures were obtained.
      The original cells were magnified 1000 times. The sizes of the cells and of their
      nuclei were calculated using a computer. Correlative variation was noted in cell
      and nuclear sizes resulting in an consistently constant nucleus-cytoplasm ratio.
      Average sizes of both cells and nuclei were maximal in livers with LC, followed
      in decreasing order by those in livers with CAH, CIH, HC and convalescent AH. The
      smallest cells and nuclei were found in convalescent AH cases. It might be
      possible to some degree to obtain gross impressions of the histopathological type
      of the liver lesion by measuring the sizes of cells and nuclei of the liver.

PMID- 3384277
TI  - A combination therapy of vitamin K1 and bile acid on hemorrhagic diathesis in
      patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis.
AB  - This paper presents a study of treatment involving vitamin K1 (VK1) accompanied
      by bile acids for hemorrhagic diathesis that was applied 42 times in 35 patients
      with decompensated liver cirrhosis. The hepaplastin test (HPT) value showed no
      change during the administration of VK1 alone. The HPT value elevated
      significantly, however, after the administration of VK1 with bile acid,
      especially when using ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). The HPT value in patients
      treated with VK1 in addition to UDCA before treatment with 53.2% +/- 10.2% (mean
      +/- SD) and after that for 2.1 +/- 1.1 months (mean +/- SD) with 74.7 +/- 16.8%
      showed a significant difference (p less than 0.001). On the other hand, no
      significant difference was noted between the HPT value of 57.2 +/- 13.6% before
      and that of 62.9 +/- 13.9% after the treatment in patients treated using VK1 in
      conjunction with chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA). These results indicate that the
      therapy incorporating VK1 and bile acid, especially UDCA, is useful for reducing
      the hemorrhagic tendency in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis who show
      no improvement using VK1 alone.

PMID- 3384278
TI  - Change in serum and biliary esterified bile acids in patients with extrahepatic
      cholestasis during percutaneous transhepatic cholangiodrainage.
AB  - Eighteen patients with total extrahepatic cholestasis undergoing PTCD were
      classified into three groups, depending on the bilirubin decrease rate at two
      weeks after PTCD. Serum and biliary esterified bile acids in each group were
      measured before PTCD and at 24 hours, 48 hours, 1 week, and 2 weeks after PTCD.
      Bile acids were measured by Okuyama's methods (HPLC), and esterified bile acids
      were calculated from the difference between samples treated with sulfatase or
      beta-glucuronidase for enzymatic hydrolysis and untreated samples measured at the
      same time. The following results were obtained. The percentages of biliary
      esterified bile acids in total bile acids were as follows: before PTCD, in the
      fair improvement group, sulfate (S) = 6.4 +/- 4.6% (mean +/- S.D.), glucuronide
      (G) = 11.7 +/- 9.0%; in the poor improvement group, S = 2.8 +/- 1.6%, G = 1.0 +/-
      0.9% and at 24 hours after PTCD, in the fair group, S = 9.1 +/- 7.5%, G = 7.5 +/-
      4.3%; in the poor group, S = 2.9 +/- 2.4%, G = 1.7 +/- 1.1%. The percentages of
      esterified bile acids in the fair group were higher than in the poor group, and
      significant differences were noted in G (p less than 0.05). Thus PTCD is expected
      to reduce jaundice in cases with high percentages of biliary esterified bile
      acids before and shortly after PTCD.

PMID- 3384279
TI  - Effects of secretin and caerulein on luminal feedback regulation of pancreatic
      enzyme secretion in rats.
AB  - The stimulatory pancreatic response to exclusion of pancreatic proteases from the
      intestine was compared with the response to stepwise increasing doses of secretin
      and caerulein in conscious rats. Secretin stimulated pancreatic fluid secretion
      in a dose-related manner with or without intraduodenal return of pancreatic
      juice, while it could not significantly affect enzyme secretion. The dose
      response curve for enzyme secretion to caerulein was smooth during return of the
      juice. However, the already increased enzyme secretion by pancreatic juice
      diversion was only stimulated with the smallest dose of caerulein. The maximal
      dose of caerulein for enzyme secretion during return had been supramaximal dose
      during diversion. Intraduodenal trypsin inhibitor failed to stimulate enzyme
      secretion during diversion but induced the same stimulatory effect as the
      submaximal dose of caerulein during return. Different doses of intraduodenal
      trypsin caused an almost dose-related inhibition. It is concluded that a
      submaximal level of endogenous CCK might participate in the feedback regulation
      of pancreatic enzyme secretion in rats.

PMID- 3384280
TI  - Abstracts of selected papers presented at the 73rd general meeting of the
      Japanese Society of Gastroenterology. Tokyo, Japan, April 7-9, 1987.

PMID- 3384281
TI  - Statements and guidelines developed by the Standards of Training and Practice
      Committee of the ASGE. American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.

PMID- 3384282
TI  - The role of colonoscopy in the management of patients with inflammatory bowel
      disease. Guidelines for clinical application.

PMID- 3384283
TI  - Statement on endoscopic training.

PMID- 3384284
TI  - Statement on role of short courses in endoscopic training.

PMID- 3384285
TI  - Flexible sigmoidoscopy. Guidelines for clinical application.

PMID- 3384286
TI  - The role of endoscopy in the surveillance of premalignant conditions of the upper
      gastrointestinal tract. Guidelines for clinical application.

PMID- 3384288
TI  - Informed consent for gastrointestinal endoscopy.

PMID- 3384287
TI  - The role of endoscopy in the management of the patient with peptic ulcer disease.
      Guidelines for clinical application.

PMID- 3384289
TI  - Methods of granting hospital privileges to perform gastrointestinal endoscopy.

PMID- 3384290
TI  - Guidelines for establishment of gastrointestinal endoscopy areas.

PMID- 3384291
TI  - Preparation of patients for gastrointestinal endoscopy. Guidelines for clinical
      application.

PMID- 3384292
TI  - Infection control during gastrointestinal endoscopy. Guidelines for clinical
      application.

PMID- 3384293
TI  - The role of colonoscopy in the management of patients with colonic polyps.
      Guidelines for clinical application.

PMID- 3384294
TI  - Standards of practice of gastrointestinal endoscopy. Guidelines.

PMID- 3384295
TI  - The role of endoscopy in the management of esophagitis. Guidelines for clinical
      application.

PMID- 3384296
TI  - [The level of hypophyseal-adrenal and sex hormones in different forms of
      leukemia].

PMID- 3384297
TI  - [Comparative immunological and cytochemical indices of the lymphoid cells in
      malignant lymphomas and reactive lymphadenitis].

PMID- 3384298
TI  - [Pathogenetic heterogeneity of chronic lympholeukemia and the possibilities for
      its immunotherapy].

PMID- 3384299
TI  - [Blastapheresis in acute leukemias: its effectiveness and debatable questions].

PMID- 3384300
TI  - [Clinico-morphological characteristics of chronic lympholeukemia].

PMID- 3384301
TI  - [Specific glucocorticoid type-III receptor from the thrombocyte cytosol of human
      blood].

PMID- 3384302
TI  - [Diagnosis of the leukemic phase of Sezary syndrome].

PMID- 3384303
TI  - [Research on bone marrow cells in leukemias using microcalorimetric and
      autoradiographic methods].

PMID- 3384304
TI  - Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) immunoreactive hypophysial neurosecretory
      system in the teleost Poecilia latipinna: light and electron microscopic study.
AB  - Neurons containing immunoreactivity for melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) were
      located in the brain of the teleost Poecilia latipinna by light microscopic
      (peroxidase antiperoxidase) and electron microscopic (immunogold) methods.
      Neuronal cell bodies were found in the tuberal hypothalamus, mostly within the
      nucleus lateralis tuberis, pars lateralis, containing MCH-immunoreactive granules
      up to 150 nm in diameter. From here bundles of immunoreactive fibers could be
      traced through the preoptic area as far forward as the olfactory bulb, and
      through the posterior hypothalamus up into the pretectal thalamus and midbrain.
      The main projection was, however, to the neurohypophysis, where MCH fibers were
      observed to form contacts with pituicytes, basement membranes around blood
      vessels, and the endocrine cells of the pars intermedia. Occasionally MCH
      immunoreactive terminals were also seen near the corticotrophs of the rostral
      pars distalis. These results support the hypothesis that MCH may act as a
      systemic hormone, a central neurotransmitter, and a modulator of pituitary
      function.

PMID- 3384305
TI  - Effects of calcitonin on plasma calcium and phosphate in the mudskipper,
      Periophthalmodon schlosseri (Teleostei), in water and during exposure to air.
AB  - After 7 days in air on wet filter paper mudskippers had normal body weight and
      normal levels of plasma sodium, potassium, and phosphate. They were, however,
      significantly hypercalcemic. The hypercalcemia could be reduced by the daily
      intraperitoneal injection of synthetic eel calcitonin (1.67 microgram kg-1 day-1)
      and this effect was dose dependent with a maximal response at a dose of 3.33
      micrograms kg-1 day-1. Calcitonin had no effect on plasma calcium levels of fish
      held in water but did induce significant hyperphosphatemia whether the fish were
      held in water or in air on wet filter paper with this effect being greater under
      the latter conditions. The hypocalcemic action of calcitonin was restricted to
      conditions under which the fish displayed patent hypercalcemia. Under no
      conditions did calcitonin produce significant hypocalcemia so it appears that the
      action of synthetic eel calcitonin in the mudskipper, Periophthalmodon
      schlosseri, is dependent upon the presence of excess plasma calcium and is thus
      more accurately described as being anti-hypercalcemic rather than hypocalcemic.

PMID- 3384306
TI  - Endocrine changes during gonadal maturation and spawning in the orange roughy
      (Hoplostethus atlanticus Collett), a teleost from the midslope waters off New
      Zealand.
AB  - Orange roughy were sampled at all stages of the reproductive cycle by trawling at
      depths of 700-1200 m off the coast of New Zealand. Blood samples were collected
      from live fish, and changes in plasma levels of gonadal steroids were correlated
      with gonadal development and spawning. Plasma androgens were low in spent and
      regressed fish of both sexes and increased during gametogenesis to peak early in
      the spawning period at 6.6 and 9.4 ng.ml-1 for males and females, respectively.
      Androgen levels dropped to near basal levels over successive days during the
      first week of spawning in both prespawning and ovulated or spermiated fish. Falls
      in plasma androgens were not accompanied by increasing levels of plasma 17
      alpha,20 beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17 alpha,20 beta P) which remained at or
      near assay detection limits throughout. 11-Deoxycortisol (11-DOC) was present in
      the plasma of both sexes but did not change in concert with reproductive
      development. 17 beta-Estradiol was present in low concentrations (maximum 0.9
      ng.ml-1 plasma) in recrudescing females, whereas estrone was detectable but not
      elevated at any stage. 17 alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone was not detectable in the
      plasma of any fish at any time. It is suggested that neither 17 alpha,20 beta P
      nor 11-DOC were active as maturation-inducing steroids (MIS) in orange roughy and
      that androgens may act as MIS. If the recorded fall in androgens was due to
      synthesis of another steroid from a common precursor, then the unidentified
      steroid does not appear to have been involved in stimulating final gamete
      maturation, but may have some action in initiating spawning behavior.

PMID- 3384307
TI  - Vitellogenin gene expression in primary culture of male rainbow trout
      hepatocytes.
AB  - Using a primary culture of trout hepatocytes we compare the kinetics of
      accumulation of vitellogenin and its messenger RNA after estrogen administration.
      We found that the cells were more sensitive to estradiol than to other estrogens.
      The lowest effective concentration of estradiol was 10(-9) M. At 10(-6) M the
      androgens have no effect. Comparison of the primary and secondary stimulation
      with E2 shows that the initial rate of accumulation of vitellogenin is very much
      higher in the secondary stimulation. Over a time course of primary stimulation we
      show that after estradiol withdrawal the rate of accumulation of vitellogenin
      mRNA in the secondary is a function of time of the first stimulation.

PMID- 3384308
TI  - Role of thyroid in sexual and body weight cycles of the migratory redheaded
      bunting, Emberiza bruniceps.
AB  - In the male redheaded bunting, Emberiza bruniceps, kept under natural lighting in
      northern India (Lat 25 degrees 18'N, Long 83 degrees 01'E), testicular growth
      began during March/April and full spermatogenesis was achieved in May/June;
      thereafter, the testes regressed and remained regressed for the rest of the year.
      Thyroidectomy between November and April partially suppressed photoinduced
      testicular growth in May/June, but did not prevent testicular regression in July.
      The extent to which thyroidectomy suppressed photoinduced testicular growth was
      directly related to the time elapsed between thyroidectomy and photostimulation.
      Thyroidectomy in mid-late May induced testicular regression, an effect which was
      reversed by daily im injection of 500-2000 ng thyroxine/bird/day/30 days.
      Thyroidectomy or treatment of intact or thyroidectomized birds between July and
      March when the testes were regressed had no immediate effect on testicular
      growth. Body weight which was about 24 g between December and March, increased to
      about 28 g during the breeding season. Thereafter, it decreased to 21-22 g
      between August and October. Thyroidectomy between November and May caused an
      immediate fall in body weight, an effect which was reversed by daily im injection
      of 500-2000 ng thyroxine/bird/day/30 days. Neither thyroidectomy nor thyroxine
      treatment prevented the seasonal fall in body weight in June and July nor
      affected body weight between August and October. It is suggested that in the male
      redheaded bunting, under natural lighting, thyroid hormones are necessary for the
      full development of the testes and an increase in body weight during the breeding
      season. However, thyroid hormones do not appear to be necessary for the
      development of photorefractoriness or for the seasonal decrease in body weight.

PMID- 3384309
TI  - Occurrence of an anterior spinal, cerebrospinal fluid-contacting, urotensin II
      neuronal system in various fish species.
AB  - The occurrence of an "extraurophyseal" system of immunoreactive-urotensin II (IR
      UII) neurons was determined by immunocytochemical studies in the central nervous
      system of different fresh- and seawater species of fish. The following general
      elements were identified as forming part of this system: (a) a midsagittal column
      of IR-UII neurons located ventral to the central canal, with dendrite-like
      processes projecting into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF); (b) a medial plexus of
      fine beaded IR-UII fibers located ventral to the column of cell bodies; (c) a
      bilateral or midsagittal, probably ascending, longitudinal bundle of IR-UII
      beaded fibers varying in location from the ventral to the lateral funiculus; (d)
      putative IR-UII fiber endings along the ventrolateral surface of the spinal cord;
      (e) IR-UII fiber distributions (probably terminal) in the ventral horns of the
      spinal cord and in several brain regions. The occurrence of this system in all
      fishes examined and the morphological features of this IR-UII system linking the
      central canal CSF to several CNS regions, as well as to the periphery of the
      spinal cord, point to an important role for this CSF-contacting anterior spinal
      IR-UII system in fish.

PMID- 3384310
TI  - Effect of cortisol on the in vitro hepatic conversion of thyroxine to
      triiodothyronine in brook charr (Salvelinus fontinalis Mitchill).
AB  - In vitro studies with liver homogenates of brook charr (Salvelinus fontinalis)
      demonstrate that the conversion of thyroxine (T4) to triiodothyronine (T3) is
      dependent upon temperature, pH, substrate, and homogenate concentration,
      supporting the hypothesis of an enzymatic hepatic T4 to T3 conversion.
      Dithiothreitol has a marked stimulatory effect on the rate of conversion. The
      kinetics of the conversion, determined by Lineweaver-Burke analysis suggest a
      Michaelis-Menten (Km) constant of 1.3 x 10(-8) M, and a maximum velocity (Vmax)
      of 0.42 pmol/mg protein/h. In brook charr given intraperitoneal implants of
      hydrogenated coconut oil containing cortisol at levels of 0, 5, and 50 mg/kg body
      weight, and sampled after 56 days, T4 to T3 conversion by homogenates of hepatic
      tissue in vitro was significantly (P less than 0.01) higher in the fish implanted
      with 50 mg/kg of cortisol than in either of the other two groups. However, plasma
      cortisol, L-thyroxine (T4) and triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) concentrations, plasma
      T3:T4 ratios and hepatosomatic index were not significantly different in the
      three treatment groups.

PMID- 3384311
TI  - Larval development and metamorphosis of the American lobster Homarus americanus
      (Crustacea, Decapoda): effect of eyestalk ablation and juvenile hormone
      injection.
AB  - Removal of eyestalks of Homarus americanus on different days and molting stages
      during larval development revealed that eyestalk tissue is involved in the larval
      and postlarval molting rhythm and in preparation for metamorphosis as early as
      the end of Stage II. Eyestalk removal in stages II and III reduced the duration
      of larval and postlarval stages. Eyestalk removal up to the end of Stage II
      delayed the completion of metamorphosis by one or two molts and caused additional
      development stages (designated IVa, IV', and V'). In this study, the critical
      stage for eyestalk ablation to delay metamorphosis occurred at the end of molt
      stage D1 of larval Stage II (the seventh day of development at 20 degrees).
      Injection of juvenile hormone before the critical stage resulted in a few
      intermediate stage IV' animals. This study demonstrates the involvement of
      eyestalk neuroendocrine tissue in the control of metamorphosis and investigates a
      possible involvement of juvenile hormone.

PMID- 3384312
TI  - Seasonal variation in specific plasma- and target-tissue binding of androgens,
      relative to plasma steroid levels, in the brown trout, Salmo trutta L.
AB  - The circulating levels of the plasma androgens, testosterone and 11
      ketotestosterone, and their specific binding to skin cytosol, skin nuclear
      extract, and plasma were determined in mature male and immature male and female
      brown trout during a single spawning cycle. 11-Ketotestosterone was not bound by
      any of the fractions examined whereas testosterone was bound with high affinity
      to plasma (kD = 32.6 nM), skin cytosol (kD = 16.9 nM), and skin nuclear extract
      (kD = 2.6 nM). The binding capacity of each fraction varied independently with
      time. In mature male fish an increase in specific binding of testosterone to
      nuclear extract, from 77 to 269 fmol mg-1 protein, occurred between September and
      November, coincident with peak androgen levels. Following the spawning period and
      the decline in androgen levels, nuclear-binding capacity in mature fish dropped
      to a level similar to that of immature fish by June. Nuclear binding in immature
      fish remained in the range 25-75 fmol mg-1 protein throughout. Plasma-binding
      capacity of both mature and immature fish declined during the spawning period,
      from 190 to 125 nM in mature fish and from 360 to 125 nM in immature fish. Plasma
      binding capacity in both mature and immature fish increased following spawning to
      reach levels of 340 nM (mature) and 250 nM (immature). Little change was observed
      in cytosol-binding capacity of either mature or immature fish. The results
      suggest that androgen-induced structural changes in the integument are
      predominantly testosterone stimulated, are initiated by an increase in the
      concentration of a specific testosterone-binding protein within the nucleus, may
      be potentiated by a drop in plasma testosterone-binding capacity, and that a
      cytosol-binding protein of intermediate affinity for testosterone may maintain a
      high intracellular concentration of steroid.

PMID- 3384313
TI  - Serum hormone levels associated with spawning activity in the mummichog, Fundulus
      heteroclitus.
AB  - Daily collections of the mummichog, Fundulus heteroclitus, from field populations
      during the first 45 days of the breeding season revealed a semilunar cycle in the
      sperm index. Peaks in the sperm index were preceded by 6 days with peaks in the
      serum testosterone concentration. Bihourly sampling of field populations during a
      72-hr period at the new moon showed both diel cycling and an upward trend in
      serum progesterone levels in female mummichogs. Male mummichogs had 12-hr cycles
      in serum 17 beta-hydroxy-4-androstene-3,11-dione levels, the peaks of which
      preceded high tide by 4 hr. The physiological significance of these cycles are
      discussed.

PMID- 3384314
TI  - Managing incontinence.

PMID- 3384315
TI  - Respite care. What a relief.

PMID- 3384316
TI  - In tender care.

PMID- 3384317
TI  - 'For better or for worse'.

PMID- 3384318
TI  - Eye diseases. Vision of the future.

PMID- 3384319
TI  - Preventative health care. Understanding health education.

PMID- 3384320
TI  - Continuing education. Leading light.

PMID- 3384321
TI  - Social Security benefits. Radical changes.

PMID- 3384323
TI  - Pressure care.

PMID- 3384322
TI  - Change of address. Name change.

PMID- 3384324
TI  - Sex in old age.

PMID- 3384325
TI  - Pet therapy: top cat.

PMID- 3384326
TI  - That certain age. Interview by Paul Mangan.

PMID- 3384328
TI  - Geriatric nursing: something special.

PMID- 3384327
TI  - Lifting aids: straight lift.

PMID- 3384329
TI  - The story of elderly care: the age of old age.

PMID- 3384330
TI  - Carers--who cares?

PMID- 3384331
TI  - The mouse albumin promoter and a distal upstream site are simultaneously DNase I
      hypersensitive in liver chromatin and bind similar liver-abundant factors in
      vitro.
AB  - In this paper we characterize the chromatin structure and nuclear proteins
      associated with different transcriptional states of the mouse serum albumin gene.
      We found the albumin gene to be transcribed in liver at rates 1000-fold or
      greater than in other tissues tested. We discovered seven DNase I hypersensitive
      sites encompassing the albumin gene only in liver chromatin, with strong
      hypersensitivity at the promoter and the enhancer, which is over 10 kb upstream.
      Using a gel retardation assay, we found a liver nuclear protein, or set of
      proteins, which binds specifically to DNA of a liver-specific hypersensitive site
      that maps 3.5 kb upstream, between the promoter and enhancer. Footprinting, heat
      insensitivity, and binding competition experiments indicate that the protein(s)
      have characteristics similar to a heat-stable, liver-abundant protein that binds
      to the albumin promoter and other enhancer and promoter sequences. Finally, we
      asked whether the liver-specific factors that cause DNase I hypersensitivity in
      vivo are present concurrently at the various sites in chromatin. We devised a
      simple new method to reveal that in liver, individual albumin genes are
      hypersensitive simultaneously at the promoter, the enhancer, and the -3.5-kb
      site. Thus, transcriptionally active albumin genes appear to contain tissue
      abundant factors that are present at three widely spaced points in chromatin, yet
      at the same point in time. Similar factors binding simultaneously to at least two
      of these sites could create a specific structure in chromatin required for high
      level albumin gene transcription.

PMID- 3384332
TI  - Multiple factors are required for poly(A) addition to a mRNA 3' end.
AB  - Polyadenylation of pre-mRNAs in the nucleus involves a specific endonucleolytic
      cleavage, followed by the addition of approximately 200 adenylic acid residues.
      We have assayed HeLa nuclear extracts for the activity that catalyzes the poly(A)
      addition reaction. The authenticity of the in vitro assay was indicated by the
      observation that the poly(A) tract added in vitro is approximately 200
      nucleotides in length. We have fractionated nuclear extracts in order to define
      components involved in specific poly(A) addition. No single fraction from DEAE
      Sephacel chromatography of a HeLa nuclear extract possessed the specific poly(A)
      addition activity. However, if the various fractions were recombined, activity
      was restored, indicating the presence of multiple components. Further
      fractionation revealed the presence of at least two factors necessary for the
      poly(A) addition reaction. The reconstituted system retains the characteristics
      and specificity seen in the crude extract. Additional purification of one of the
      factors strongly suggests it to be a previously characterized poly(A) polymerase
      which, when assayed in the absence of the other factor, can add AMP to an RNA
      terminus but without specificity. Thus, the other component of the reaction may
      provide specificity to the process. In contrast to the 3' cleavage reaction, the
      poly(A) addition machinery does not possess an essential RNA component, as
      assayed by micrococcal nuclease digestion, nor do anti-Sm sera inhibit the
      reaction. Thus, the total process of formation of a polyadenylated mRNA 3' end is
      complex and requires the concerted action of distinct nuclear components.

PMID- 3384333
TI  - Molecular cloning and transcript analysis of fem-3, a sex-determination gene in
      Caenorhabditis elegans.
AB  - The fem-3 gene is required for specification of the male fate in the nematode
      Caenorhabditis elegans: XO males need fem-3 for male differentiation in both soma
      and germ line; XX hermaphrodites need it for the production of sperm. We have
      cloned fem-3 by transposon tagging. Among eight spontaneous fem-3 mutations
      generated in a strain in which the transposable element Tc1 is mobile, six
      contain Tc1 insertions in a 2-kb region of the genome. From this region, we have
      identified three fem-3 transcripts. Two, 1.7 kb and 1.62 kb, are presented in
      embryos, and two, 1.62 kb and 1.55 kb, are present in L4s and adults. The fem-3
      transcripts are not XO specific; however, in XX adult hermaphrodites, they appear
      to be limited to the germ line--a tissue involved in male development (both for
      spermatogenesis and for the maternal contribution of fem-3 to the embryo). The
      amount of fem-3 RNA in XO embryos is approximately sixfold greater than in XX
      embryos. The significance of this difference in specifying male development in XO
      but not in XX embryos is discussed.

PMID- 3384334
TI  - EGIII, a new endoglucanase from Trichoderma reesei: the characterization of both
      gene and enzyme.
AB  - A novel endoglucanase from Trichoderma reesei, EGIII, has been purified and its
      catalytic properties have been studied. The gene for that enzyme (egl3) and cDNA
      have been cloned and sequenced. The deduced EGIII protein shows clear sequence
      homology to a Schizophyllum commune enzyme (M. Yaguchi, personal communication),
      but is very different from the three other T. reesei cellulases with known
      structure. Nevertheless, all the four T. reesei cellulases share two common,
      adjacent sequence domains, which apparently can be removed by proteolysis. These
      homologous sequences reside at the N termini of EGIII and the cellobiohydrolase
      CBHII, but at the C termini of EGI and CBHI. Comparison of the fungal cellulase
      structures has led to re-evaluation of hypotheses concerning the localization of
      the active sites.

PMID- 3384335
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of the celC gene encoding endoglucanase C of Clostridium
      thermocellum.
AB  - The nucleotide sequence of the cellulase gene celC, encoding endoglucanase C of
      Clostridium thermocellum, has been determined. The coding region of 1032 bp was
      identified by comparison with the N-terminal amino acid (aa) sequence of
      endoglucanase C purified from Escherichia coli. The ATG start codon is preceded
      by an AGGAGG sequence typical of ribosome-binding sites in Gram-positive
      bacteria. The derived amino acid sequence corresponds to a protein of Mr 40,439.
      Amino acid analysis and apparent Mr of endoglucanase C are consistent with the
      amino acid sequence as derived from the DNA sequencing data. A proposed N
      terminal 21-aa residue leader (signal) sequence differs from other prokaryotic
      signal peptides and is non-functional in E. coli. Most of the protein bears no
      resemblance to the endoglucanases A, B, and D of the same organism. However, a
      short region of homology between endoglucanases A and C was identified, which is
      similar to the established active sites of lysozymes and to related sequences of
      fungal cellulases.

PMID- 3384336
TI  - The beta-tubulin gene family of Arabidopsis thaliana: preferential accumulation
      of the beta 1 transcript in roots.
AB  - The genome of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. was shown to contain a beta
      tubulin gene family consisting of at least seven distinct genes and/or
      pseudogenes. Genomic clones of five different beta-tubulin genes and/or
      pseudogenes have been isolated and partially characterized. The complete
      nucleotide sequence of one A. thaliana beta-tubulin gene, designated beta 1, has
      been determined. A comparison of the predicted amino acid sequence of the A.
      thaliana beta 1-tubulin with the predicted sequences of beta-tubulins of animals
      and protists indicated that this plant beta-tubulin shows a high degree of
      homology with other beta-tubulins. However, the beta 1-tubulin contains a novel
      single amino acid insertion at position 41. The A. thaliana beta 1-tubulin gene
      is transcribed, as shown by RNA blot hybridization and S1 nuclease analyses. A 3'
      noncoding gene-specific probe was used to examine the expression of the beta 1
      tubulin gene in leaves, roots, and flowers by blot hybridization analyses of
      total RNA isolated from these tissues. The results showed that the transcript of
      the beta 1 gene accumulates predominantly in roots, with low levels of transcript
      in flowers, and barely detectable levels of transcript in leaves. A second
      genomic clone was shown to contain two essentially identical beta-tubulin coding
      sequences in direct tandem orientation and separated by 1 kb.

PMID- 3384337
TI  - Chicken chromosomal protein HMG-14 and HMG-17 cDNA clones: isolation,
      characterization and sequence comparison.
AB  - A cDNA clone coding for the chicken high-mobility group 14 (HMG-14) mRNA has been
      isolated from a chicken-liver cDNA library by screening with two synthetic
      oligodeoxynucleotide pools whose sequences were derived from the partial amino
      acid sequence of the HMG-14 protein. A chicken HMG-17 cDNA clone was also
      isolated in a similar fashion. Comparison of the two chicken HMG cDNA clones to
      the corresponding human cDNA sequences shows that chicken and human HMG-14 mRNAs
      and polypeptides are considerably less similar than are the corresponding HMG-17
      sequences. In fact, the chicken HMG-14 is almost as similar to the chicken HMG-17
      in amino acid sequence as it is to mammalian HMG-14 polypeptides. HMG-14 and HMG
      17 mRNAs seem to contain a conserved sequence element in their 3'-untranslated
      regions whose function is at present unknown. The chicken HMG-14 and HMG-17
      genes, in contrast to their mammalian counterparts, appear to exist as single
      copy sequences in the chicken genome, although there appear to exist one or more
      additional sequences which partially hybridize to HMG-14 cDNA. Chicken HMG-14
      mRNA, about 950 nucleotides in length, was detected in chicken liver RNA but was
      below our detection limits in reticulocyte RNA.

PMID- 3384338
TI  - Genetic basis of hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency in a
      patient with the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (HPRTFlint).
AB  - The molecular basis for complete hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase
      (HPRT) deficiency has been determined in a patient with Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. A B
      lymphoblastoid cell line derived from this patient expresses normal amounts of
      HPRT mRNA yet no detectable immunoreactive protein as determined by
      radioimmunoassay. These findings suggest either a decreased rate of translation
      or accelerated degradation due to enhanced proteolytic susceptibility. cDNAs
      synthesized from this patient's RNA have a single nucleotide (nt) substitution, a
      C----A transversion at nt 222. RNase A cleavage analysis confirms the presence of
      a mutation at this position within mRNA isolated from lymphoblasts from patient
      A.C. This transversion predicts a phenylalanine to leucine replacement at amino
      acid position 73 in the translated protein. We have designated this mutant
      HPRTFlint. The mutation in HPRTFlint disrupts a strongly conserved region among
      PRTases from Escherichia coli, rodents and man, suggesting an important role for
      this region for the normal function of HPRT. Since it is unlikely that this amino
      acid substitution alters the translational rate, we hypothesize that disruption
      of the secondary structure within this region renders HPRTFlint more susceptible
      to proteolysis.

PMID- 3384339
TI  - Atypical presentation of endocrine disorders in the elderly.
AB  - Endocrine disorders affecting the elderly present a continuing challenge to the
      clinician. Often confused with normal age-related changes or age-prevalent
      disease, disorders such as thyrotoxicosis, hyperglycemia, and hypercalcemia often
      go undetected until late in their course, if at all. Non-specific and atypical
      presentations make the diagnosis even more difficult and a low threshold for
      obtaining laboratory testing is advised. Thyrotoxicosis may present with only
      anorexia, weight loss, and cardiac dysfunction. Hyperglycemia often remains
      undetected; long-term sequelae, however, may impair function and result in
      problems such as neuropathy, postural instability, and nephropathy--conditions
      often dismissed as consequences of old age. Hypercalcemia may not present with
      the classic findings of renal colic, GI pathology, and skeletal disease. An acute
      confusional state with or without volume depletion appears to be a more frequent
      presentation during later life.

PMID- 3384340
TI  - Some aspects of dexamethasone binding in the old rat liver.
AB  - The maximal glucocorticoid responsiveness and the adaptation degree are reduced
      in old rat liver as demonstrated by cortisol stimulation of RNA polymerases.
      Nevertheless the concentration of unoccupied 3H-dexamethasone binding sites in
      molybdate-stabilized cytosol of adrenalectomized old animals is significantly
      increased in comparison with young adult rats. The KD constants showed an
      increasing tendency, but not a significant one. In the molybdate-free cytosol the
      results are similar. First studies of the binding kinetics in the molybdate-free
      system showed a sigmoidal saturation curve in the cytosol of young adult rats,
      but usual hyperbolic saturation kinetics in the cytosol of old animals. The Hill
      coefficient was 1.0 +/- 0.1 for old and 1.9 +/- 0.3 for young animals. The
      binding of activated 3H-dexamethasone receptor complexes to liver nuclei showed
      no significant age-dependent differences in binding kinetics, acceptor site
      concentration or affinity. Attention must be paid to altered glucocorticoid
      receptor binding in the cytosol and in nuclei as a potential cause of changes in
      hormone-induced gene expression at the pretranscriptional level.

PMID- 3384341
TI  - Principles of pharmacologic correction of neurologic disorders in initial
      atherosclerotic encephalopathy.
AB  - The article presents data on peculiarities of initial manifestations of cerebral
      atherosclerosis and on the effect of vasoactive drug Cavinton on cerebral hemo-
      and neurodynamics in patients with initial atherosclerotic encephalopathy.
      Expediency of prescription of vasoactive drugs at early stages of the disease is
      noted. The main principles of drug therapy for initial forms of cerebral
      atherosclerosis are singled out.

PMID- 3384342
TI  - Prostaglandins in elderly humans with normal and high arterial pressure.
AB  - Blood and urine prostaglandin content was studied in normal humans and in
      arterial hypertension patients aged 25-74 years (by radioimmune method),
      exploring also hemodynamic indices (by stain dilution method). It was found that
      with age even in case of normal indices the blood 'humoral pressor potential'
      tends to rise. In the blood and urine of young and middle-aged patients with
      essential hypertension in comparison with the healthy persons, the relationships
      between pressor and depressor classes of prostaglandins underwent still greater
      changes, with the former rising and the latter declining. In the elderly patients
      these relationships are modified to a much lesser degree, which probably
      determines a relatively more benign hemodynamic and clinical course of arterial
      hypertension in old age (essential hypertension and, particularly, isolated
      systolic hypertension).

PMID- 3384343
TI  - Photosensitization by antitumor agents, 4. Anthrapyrazole-photosensitized
      formation of single strand-breaks in DNA.
AB  - Single-strand breaks can be introduced into PM2 closed-circular DNA upon
      illumination with blue light, in the presence of the anthrapyrazole antitumor
      agent, compound 1. Damage is observed already after 1 min of blue light
      illumination, and is significantly enhanced by the presence of electron donors
      such as NADH, ascorbic acid or Fe(III)/EDTA complex. The photosensitizing
      properties were not observed for anthrapyrazole analogues with one or more
      hydroxyl substituents in the chromophore of the drug. The inhibitory effects of
      sodium azide, methanol, mannitol, SOD, and catalase suggest an oxygen-dependent
      mechanism of strand-break production, probably involving hydroxyl radicals.
      However, a second mechanism involving drug molecules bound to the DNA is also
      indicated under anoxic conditions in the presence of NADH.

PMID- 3384344
TI  - Characterization of oxygen-tolerant Chinese hamster ovary cells. II. Energy
      metabolism and antioxidant status.
AB  - Further characteristics of an oxygen-tolerant variant of Chinese hamster ovary
      cells (CHO-99) capable of stable proliferation at 99% O2/1% CO2, and O2 level
      that is lethal to the parental line (CHO-20), are described. Previous work has
      revealed that CHO-99 cells have 2- to 4-fold increased activities of superoxide
      dismutases, catalase and glutathione peroxidase, and substantially increased
      relative volumes of mitochondria and peroxisomes. To document possible additional
      mechanisms of O2 tolerance we compared CHO-20 cells growing at 20% O2 (normoxia)
      and CHO-99 cells at 99% O2 (normobaric hyperoxia). We show the following: (1) the
      estimated total (oxidative and glycolytic) ATP production in CHO-99 cells was 36%
      decreased. ATP production through oxidative phosphorylation was 52% lower in CHO
      99 cells, while the relative contribution from glycolysis was increased from 6%
      to 30%. The ATP content was 29% lower in CHO-99 cells, the adenylate energy
      charge being also significantly decreased, indicating that energy production
      through oxidative phosphorylation is compromised in CHO-99 cells. Cyanide
      resistant respiration was 4-fold higher in CHO-99 cells, probably reflecting, at
      least partly, the increased peroxisomal activity in these cells. (2) The level of
      reduced glutathione was several fold increased in CHO-99 cells, oxidized
      glutathione being unaltered; (NADPH + NADP+) levels were elevated 2.7-fold, while
      the ratio of NADPH to NADP+ was increased almost two-fold. These changes were
      associated with a 50% increased metabolism of glucose through the hexose
      monophosphate pathway. (3) No evidence was obtained for an increased steady-state
      level of endogenous lipid peroxidation in CHO-99 cells, in spite of a 50%
      increased content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the phospholipid fraction.

PMID- 3384345
TI  - Protection of Chinese hamster ovary cells from paraquat-mediated cytotoxicity by
      a low molecular weight mimic of superoxide dismutase (DF-Mn).
AB  - Paraquat exerts a cytotoxic effect on Chinese hamster ovary cells in culture via
      the superoxide radical (O2-). We have described a superoxide dismutase (SOD)
      mimic based on manganese (DF-Mn) which consists of a one-to-one complex between
      desferrioxamine B (Desferal) and MnO2. It is a small molecular weight molecule,
      easy to prepare and possesses considerable stability. It is now shown to protect
      mammalian cells from paraquat toxicity. Thus, 20 microM DF-Mn affords up to
      complete protection against the cytotoxicity of 200 microM paraquat in Chinese
      hamster ovary cells. Desferrioxamine B or MnO2 alone gave no protection. MnCl2 or
      catalase provided little or no protection against the paraquat, respectively.
      Equivalent amounts of human Cu-Zn SOD in terms of activity, also provided no
      protection. Copper diisopropylsalicylate (CuDIPS) provided limited, yet
      significant, protection, but this is explained in terms other than SOD activity.
      Finally, at higher concentrations, purified human SOD, exerts a limited toxicity
      as well as a protective ability against paraquat (similar to DF-Mn) both of which
      are eliminated upon heat denaturation of the enzyme. It appears that the SOD
      mimic, DF-Mn, can enter mammalian cells and can protect against the cytotoxic
      effects of O2-.

PMID- 3384346
TI  - [Dynamic recovery of physical work capacity in patients during the first 2 years
      after the surgical correction of congenital heart defects with an arteriovenous
      shunt].

PMID- 3384347
TI  - [Mitral commissurotomy during pregnancy].

PMID- 3384348
TI  - [Surgical anatomy of the coronary arteries in double origin of the major vessels
      from the right ventricle].

PMID- 3384349
TI  - [Valvular infectious endocarditis: clinical aspects and treatment procedure].

PMID- 3384350
TI  - [Biochemical criteria for assessing different methods of creating a pulsatile
      flow in perfusion].

PMID- 3384351
TI  - [Socioeconomic aspects of the surgical treatment of patients with congenital
      heart defects of the pallid type].

PMID- 3384352
TI  - [Laser pleurodesis in the surgery of spontaneous pneumothorax].

PMID- 3384353
TI  - [Foreign bodies of the pleura and lungs].

PMID- 3384354
TI  - [The surfactant system of patients with chronic suppurative diseases of the lungs
      undergoing surgical treatment].

PMID- 3384355
TI  - [Pulmonectomy in progressive forms of tuberculosis].

PMID- 3384356
TI  - [Use of low-energy radiation from a helium-neon laser on patients with chemical
      burns of the esophagus under fiber esophagoscopy].

PMID- 3384357
TI  - [Prognosis of the late results in the surgical treatment of cancer of the
      proximal stomach].

PMID- 3384358
TI  - [Diagnosis and surgical treatment of space-occupying tumors of the mediastinum in
      children].

PMID- 3384359
TI  - Effect and mechanism of action of isosorbide-5-mononitrate.
AB  - Nitrates have been shown to decrease portal pressure in cirrhotic patients with
      portal hypertension and this has been attributed to decreased portal venous
      resistance. We studied the effect and mechanism of action of oral administration
      of isosorbide-5-mononitrate (Is-5-Mn) (20 mg), which, unlike the dinitrate, does
      not require hepatic biotransformation to a vasoactive metabolite on portal and
      systemic haemodynamics in 11 patients with portal hypertension complicating
      cirrhosis. A significant reduction in portal pressure gradient (WHVP-FHVP) (from
      23.9 (3.4) to 21.8 (3.4) mmHg: p less than 0.005) occurred 60 minutes after Is-5
      Mn due entirely to a fall in WHVP, associated with decreased estimated liver
      blood flow (from 1940 (159) to 1639 (179) ml/min: p less than 0.05). Right atrial
      and pulmonary artery pressures and cardiac index fell significantly whilst mean
      arterial pressure remained unaffected. Heart rate and the calculated systemic
      vascular resistance index increased significantly. Significant correlations
      existed between the reduction in portal pressure gradient and fall in cardiac
      index (r = 0.65, p less than 0.05) and increase in systemic vascular resistance
      index (r = 0.72, p less than 0.02). The observed decrease in estimated liver
      blood flow, in association with an increase in systemic vascular resistance
      index, suggests that baroreceptor mediated splanchnic vasoconstriction may be one
      of the factors responsible for the fall in portal pressure, rather than portal
      venous dilatation.

PMID- 3384360
TI  - Pelvic floor neuropathy: a comparative study of diabetes mellitus and idiopathic
      faecal incontinence.
AB  - Twenty one patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy, 18 with idiopathic
      faecal incontinence and 11 normal controls were studied with techniques of
      mucosal electrosensitivity, rectal distension for the quantitative assessment of
      anorectal sensation, and manometric and electromyographic tests for the
      assessment of anorectal motor function. An asymptomatic sensorimotor deficit was
      found in the anal canal of patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Mucosal
      electrosensitivity thresholds in the anal canal were significantly higher (p less
      than 0.01 v controls) and fibre density of the external anal sphincter
      significantly raised (p less than 0.0001 v controls). Anal manometry and pudendal
      nerve terminal motor latencies were similar to controls. In patients with
      idiopathic faecal incontinence the tests of sensory and motor function also
      showed a sensorimotor neuropathy; compared with controls, mucosal
      electrosensitivity thresholds were significantly higher (p less than 0.002), anal
      canal resting and maximum squeeze pressures were significantly lower (p less than
      0.05 and p less than 0.002 respectively), and pudendal nerve terminal motor
      latencies and fibre density of the external anal sphincter were significantly
      raised (both p less than 0.05). Sensory thresholds to rectal distension were
      similar in all groups. Pelvic floor sensorimotor neuropathy in diabetic patients
      has several features in common with that of patients with idiopathic faecal
      incontinence but its functional significance remains uncertain.

PMID- 3384361
TI  - Anorectal contractility under basal conditions and during rectal infusion of
      saline in ulcerative colitis.
AB  - Pressure activity in the rectum and anal canal was measured with a multilumen
      probe in 29 patients with ulcerative colitis (12 active, 11 quiescent, six
      studied during both phases) and 18 normal controls under resting conditions and
      during rectal infusion of saline. Resting motor activity was significantly
      decreased in patients with active colitis compared with quiescent colitis (p less
      than 0.005) and normal controls (p less than 0.001). Forty per cent of active
      colitics showed a featureless record compared with only one patient with
      quiescent colitis and one normal subject. The volume of saline infused before
      leakage occurred, and the total volume retained were significantly lower (p less
      than 0.001) in patients with active and quiescent colitis compared with normal
      controls. Rectal infusion of saline provoked regular rectal contractions, of
      significantly higher (p less than 0.05) amplitude in patients with active
      colitis, than in quiescent colitis or controls. These rectal contractions were
      associated with simultaneous anal relaxations. During saline infusion, peak and
      pressures were lower in patients with ulcerative colitis than in normal subjects,
      but there were no significant differences in relaxation pressures. In normal
      subjects, the rectal pressures remained below the anal pressures throughout the
      saline infusion. Peak rectal pressures exceeded the anal relaxation pressures
      during the last five minutes of saline infusion in patients with ulcerative
      colitis and throughout the infusion in those patients who complained of
      incontinence. Results suggest that although the resting rectal motor activity is
      diminished in patients with ulcerative colitis, luminal distension causes the
      inflamed rectum to generate abnormally strong contractions that may threaten
      continence.

PMID- 3384362
TI  - Fatal acute pancreatitis.
AB  - Review of all deaths from acute pancreatitis recorded at Glasgow Royal Infirmary
      between 1974 and 1984 identified 126 patients, 53 (42%) of whom had pancreatitis
      first diagnosed at necropsy. Aetiologies of the fatal attacks of pancreatitis
      included gall stones (30%), alcohol (15%), other identified aetiological factors
      (17%), and was unknown (38%). Overall mortality fell from 14.9% in the early half
      of the study to 10.8% in the latter half although in the 73 patients in whom the
      diagnosis of acute pancreatitis was made during life, the mortality rate was
      unchanged throughout. Within the group of 73 patients diagnosed during life
      deaths from gall stone pancreatitis have fallen by almost 50% suggesting that
      improved treatment of this subgroup may have occurred. The findings of this study
      lend support to the concept of early, complete clearance of calculi from the
      biliary tree, either by an endoscopic or surgical approach.

PMID- 3384363
TI  - Effect of jejunal infusion of bile acids on small bowel transit and fasting
      jejunal motility in man.
AB  - The effect of jejunal infusion of glycochenodeoxycholic acid and glycocholic acid
      on small bowel transit time, fasting jejunal motility and serum bile acid
      concentrations was investigated in groups of five to six healthy subjects.
      Glycochenodeoxycholic acid at a concentration of 15 mmol/l (total amount: 5 mmol)
      and glycocholic acid 15 mmol/l (total amount: 5 mmol), both with lecithin 2.5
      mmol/l, delayed (p less than 0.02) small bowel transit when compared with a bile
      acid free infusion [158.3 (12.5) min v 111.7 (17.6) min and 103.3 (21.8) min v
      70.0 (14.9) min], inhibited (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.05 respectively)
      the percentage duration of pressure activity of phase 2 [13.1 (1.8)% v 28.1
      (3.4)% and 29.2 (5.5)% v 34.9 (3.9)%], but did not change duration of migrating
      motor complex, or of its phases. Glycochenodeoxycholic acid 10 mmol/l (total
      amount: 3.3 mmol), either with or without lecithin, did not delay small bowel
      transit significantly [145.0 (13.2) min v 115.0 (19.5) and 90.0 (11.7) min v 84.0
      (8.3)]. When bile acids were infused, serum bile acid curves were similar to
      those obtained after a liquid meal and the peak serum bile acid concentration
      occurred 33.7 (6.6) min before (p less than 0.001) completion of small bowel
      transit. These observations suggest a role for endogenous bile acids in the
      regulation of small gut motility.

PMID- 3384364
TI  - Attachment of Giardia lamblia to rat intestinal epithelial cells.
AB  - The human enteric protozoan, Giardia lamblia, has surface membrane lectin
      activity which mediates parasite adherence to erythrocytes. To determine whether
      an intestinal binding site exists for this lectin we have studied the interaction
      in vitro between axenically cultured Giardia trophozoites and isolated rat
      intestinal epithelial cells. Scanning electron microscopy showed that Giardia
      attached to the apical microvillus membrane and basolateral membrane of rat
      enterocytes. Any location on the parasite surface could mediate attachment
      without predeliction for the ventral disc. Trophozoites attached more avidly to
      jejunal compared with colonic epithelial cells. Attachment was inhibited at 4
      degrees C, by sugars and glycoproteins containing D-mannosyl residues and by
      subagglutinating concentrations of anti-Giardia rabbit serum and two monoclonal
      antibodies, all with reactivity to parasite surface membrane determinants.
      Trypsinisation of trophozoites also reduced attachment but the ability to attach
      was rapidly restored after returning trophozoites to TYI-S culture medium for 4 h
      at 37 degrees C. Attachment was unaltered by the presence of the microfilament
      inhibitor cytochalasin B and in the absence of Ca++ and Mg++ ions. These findings
      support previous work that Giardia possesses a surface membrane mannose binding
      lectin and indicate that appropriate binding sites are present on rat intestinal
      epithelial cells. This lectin may play a part in mediating adherence of Giardia
      to mammalian intestine and could be a target for host immune defence.

PMID- 3384365
TI  - Morphological and functional effects of 16,16-dimethyl-prostaglandin-E2 on
      mucosal adaptation after massive distal small bowel resection in the rat.
AB  - The ability of 16,16-dimethyl-prostaglandin-E2 (PGE) to augment mucosal
      adaptation 14 days after a 70% distal small bowel resection in the rat was
      evaluated. In resected (R) and sham operated (S) animals, subcutaneous PGE 75
      mg/kg, 2 X/day, induced significant (p less than 0.05) increases in mucosal
      protein, DNA, and disaccharidase concentrations per centimetre of bowel. The
      respective per cent increases in the residual proximal small intestine compared
      with their respective untreated controls were: protein, R = 60%, S = 66%; DNA, R
      = 69%, S = 29%; maltase, R = 57%, S = 5%. The uptake of leucine by intestinal
      rings was significantly higher (50%) in the PGE treated group at a concentration
      of 2 mmol/l of substrate, while the uptake of glucose was similar in all groups.
      The drug appears to be an effective agent in stimulating morphological and
      functional adaptation after massive distal small bowel resection.

PMID- 3384366
TI  - Effect of moderate exercise on salt and water transport in the human jejunum.
AB  - The effect of moderate exercise on jejunal absorption was examined in seven
      healthy subjects using a triple lumen perfusion technique. Moderate exercise on a
      bicycle ergometer significantly reduced net absorption of water from 32.0 (4.0)
      to 16.2 (6.1) ml/30 cm/50 min (p less than 0.02), sodium from 2.4 (0.4) to 0.5
      (0.9) mmol/30 cm/50 cm (p less than 0.05), chloride from 2.0 (0.4) to 0.3 (0.7)
      mmol/30 cm/50 min (p less than 0.05), and potassium from 0.20 (0.02) to 0.01
      (0.04) mmol/30 cm/50 min (p less than 0.01). After exercise, water, sodium, and
      chloride absorption returned towards basal values, but potassium absorption
      remained significantly decreased. These results suggest that moderate exercise
      can influence jejunal absorption of salt and water in man. They support the
      possibility that the autonomic nervous system has a physiological role in the
      control of intestinal transport, although other mechanisms may be involved.

PMID- 3384367
TI  - Ranitidine and oxygen derived free radical scavengers in haemorrhagic shock
      induced gastric lesions.
AB  - The role of oxygen derived free radicals in gastric lesions induced by
      haemorrhagic shock and the protective effect of oxygen radical scavengers,
      allopurinol and ranitidine, were investigated. Forty five rabbits underwent
      haemorrhagic shock for 30 minutes and reinfusion of shed blood. They were killed
      30 minutes later. The animals were divided in five groups: A (n = 10): Control, B
      (n = 10): intravenous ranitidine pretreatment, C (n = 10): oral allopurinol, 24
      and 2 h before surgery; D (n = 10): intravenous pretreatment with superoxide
      Dismutase plus catalase, E (n = 5): 60 minute haemorrhagic shock without
      reinfusion and treatment. Erosions and/or petechiae in all animals in Group A
      were observed. Three animals in group B and C and 2 in group D (p less than
      0.005, p less than 0.001) had gastric lesions. The lesions in the pretreatment
      groups were significantly smaller than in controls. Oxygen radicals plus HCl play
      an important role in shock induced gastric lesions. Oxygen radical antagonists
      show a significant protective role.

PMID- 3384368
TI  - Pancreaticoduodenal secretions and the genesis of gastric stump carcinoma in the
      rat.
AB  - This study was designed to investigate the role of duodenogastric reflux in the
      genesis of gastric stump carcinoma in the rat. Carcinoma was not detected in any
      of the 11 control animals and in only one animal with a Roux diversion. In
      contrast seven of 12 animals with duodenogastric reflux developed carcinoma (p
      less than 0.01 and p less than 0.05 respectively). In order to determine which
      fraction of the reflux was implicated in the malignant process, animals with
      reflux of bile alone or pancreaticoduodenal secretions alone were studied. No
      carcinomas were found in 11 animals with bile reflux alone, but carcinoma was
      detected in 10 of 14 animals with reflux of pancreaticoduodenal secretions (p
      less than 0.01). The findings confirm that duodenogastric reflux is an important
      factor in the malignant process, and imply that the pancreaticoduodenal
      component, not bile is responsible.

PMID- 3384369
TI  - Anisakiasis caused by herring in vinegar: a little known medical problem.
AB  - Six cases of intestinal anisakiasis, or herring worm disease, diagnosed over a
      two year period in a Belgian gastroenterology unit are described. They presented
      mainly as intestinal obstructions and larvae of this marine nematode were found
      in the intestinal wall of two of the four patients who were operated on. In two
      other patients awareness of the diagnosis permitted conservative treatment and
      spontaneous healing. In five patients symptoms developed after they had eaten
      herring marinated in vinegar, a hitherto little known source of the herring worm
      disease.

PMID- 3384370
TI  - Cystic pneumatosis in coeliac disease.
AB  - This report presents a patient with proximal small bowel cystic pneumatosis
      associated with poorly controlled coeliac disease and pseudo-obstruction. Cystic
      pneumatosis is rare in the proximal small bowel and we can find no report of its
      occurrence in association with coeliac disease.

PMID- 3384371
TI  - Portal vein thrombosis with ruptured oesophageal varices as presenting
      manifestation of hereditary protein C deficiency.
AB  - The protein C system is essential in limiting the activation of coagulation in
      vivo. We report the case of a 45 year old man with portal vein thrombosis
      complicated by ruptured oesophageal varices. Low concentration of plasma protein
      C was found in the patient and subsequently in one brother with a history of
      venous thromboembolism, and also in one son and one nephew who were asymptomatic.
      Hereditary protein C deficiency should be considered in patients with portal
      hypertension due to portal vein thrombosis.

PMID- 3384372
TI  - Choledocholithiasis.

PMID- 3384373
TI  - Antibiotic prophylaxis for endoscopic sphincterotomy.

PMID- 3384374
TI  - Mixed endocrine adrenal tumour causing steatorrhoea.

PMID- 3384375
TI  - Non-cirrhotic portal hypertension with hypoxaemia.

PMID- 3384376
TI  - [Control of respiration in speech].

PMID- 3384377
TI  - Durational characteristics of young adults during speaking and reading tasks.

PMID- 3384378
TI  - EMG study of hyperkinetic phonation using surface electrodes.

PMID- 3384379
TI  - Speech characteristics of male-to-female transsexuals: a perceptual and acoustic
      study.

PMID- 3384380
TI  - [Analysis of variance studies of voice performance].

PMID- 3384381
TI  - [Incidence and therapeutic relevance of the adverse effects of antidepressive
      agents within the scope of ambulatory neurologic treatment].
AB  - Within a postmarketing drug surveillance study the incidence and relevance of
      ADRs leading to drug discontinuation in therapy of depressed outpatients were
      examined. In addition, corresponding drug prescribing patterns of patients under
      routine treatment conditions were recorded. It was found that most psychiatric
      outpatients were able to identify common ADRs and to differentiate them from the
      underlying illnesses and comedication. Low-dose therapy was confirmed as routine
      treatment in the majority of psychiatric outpatients. No differences regarding
      age, sex, and dosage could be found between patients with further drug intake and
      those who stopped their antidepressant medication because of ADRs. Such events
      had been recorded in 11.5% of patients with first prescriptions made by the
      treating physicians in a monitoring of three months. However, only 0.3% of
      patients on long-term therapy (that had been initiated at treatment terms
      preceding the monitoring period) experienced an ADR indicating a decreased risk
      for drug discontinuation (because of ADR) the longer the patient was on
      treatment. Knowing ADR(-profiles) of prescribed drugs by treating psychiatrist
      may aid the treatment of compliance or prevention of ADRs.

PMID- 3384382
TI  - [Delirium syndrome in biperiden poisoning].
AB  - We report on two cases of self-induced intoxication with the anticholinergic
      agent biperiden (oral ingestion of at least 200 mgs. in case 1, and of 60 mgs. in
      combination with 300-400 mgs levomepromazine in case 2). An acute delirious state
      and other somatic symptoms of a toxic anticholinergic action dominated the
      clinical picture. Serial measurements of biperiden serum levels revealed values
      up to 50-fold (case 1) and 15-fold (case 2) of those usually observed under
      therapeutic doses of biperiden. In both cases, the intoxication was controlled by
      the application of physostigmine and general therapeutic measures. We discuss the
      prognosis of biperiden intoxications, and the clinical symptomatology and therapy
      of drug-induced anticholinergic syndromes.

PMID- 3384383
TI  - [Electron microscopic and immunohistochemical examinations of the role of
      repeated intimal injury in the development of coronary arteriosclerosis in dogs].

PMID- 3384384
TI  - [Diagnostic value of precordial 36-leads ECG mapping together with the 12-leads
      ECG. Compared with 201Tl myocardial scintigram and left ventriculogram].

PMID- 3384385
TI  - [Serotonergic control of feeding behavior via the lateral hypothalamic area
      analysis using in-vivo voltammetry].

PMID- 3384387
TI  - [Hypothalamic control of sexual behavior and grooming in monkey].

PMID- 3384386
TI  - [Endogenous plasma concentration of gamma-lactone derivatives which modulate
      feeding behavior].

PMID- 3384388
TI  - [Continuing education in collaboration with hospitals and clinics].

PMID- 3384389
TI  - [Possibility and limitation of surgical removal of cerebral arteriovenous
      malformation].

PMID- 3384390
TI  - [Echinococcosis in Hokkaido--clinical and experimental studies].

PMID- 3384391
TI  - [Flow patterns at the bifurcation and curving portion of the human cerebral
      artery--in reference to the localization of atherogenesis].
AB  - To elucidate the connection between blood flow and the localized genesis and
      development of atherosclerosis and thrombosis at the bifurcation and curving
      portion of the human cerebral artery, detailed studies of the flow patterns were
      carried out by directly observing and photographing the behavior of tracer
      particles flowing through the isolated transparent segment of the middle cerebral
      artery, prepared from a human subject post-mortem. It was found that a standing
      recirculation zone consisting of a pair of complex spiral secondary flow, located
      on both sides of the common median plane of the bifurcation, was formed in the
      lateral side of the daughter vessels over wide ranges of inflow Reynolds numbers,
      Re0, and flow rate ratios, Q1/Q0, The formation and the size of the recirculation
      zone were largely dependent on Q1/Q0, as well as on Re0. Also a eddy formation
      was observed in the inner side at the curving portion as well as at the
      bifurcation of the middle cerebral artery. The results suggest that, under
      physiological conditions, a standing recirculation zone exists in the bifurcation
      and bending portion of the middle cerebral artery, thereby affecting local mass
      transfer and interactions of blood cells with the vessel wall, which may lead to
      the incidence of atherosclerosis and thrombosis in these region.

PMID- 3384392
TI  - Deferoxamine mesylate inhibits bacterial growth in vivo.
AB  - Iron is one of the essential element for bacterial growth. To study the effect of
      chelation of iron on bacterial growth, 17 different strains of bacteria were
      cultured in chocolate-agar medium in the presence or absence of deferoxamine
      methylate (DM), a potent chelating agent for iron. A fairly low concentration of
      DM (10 mg/ml) in the culture medium markedly inhibited the growth rates of the
      three bacterial strains, B. catarrhalis, N. meningiditis and N. gonorrhoeae. In
      vivo effect of DM was also tested in mice that were intraperitoneally inoculated
      with a lethal number of N. meningiditis (2 x 10(8)/animal). After 40 h of
      inoculation, more than 90% of the control animals died for acute peritonitis. In
      contrast, animals which were intraperitoneally administered with DM showed a
      marked resistance to the inoculated bacteria without showing toxic effects of the
      agent: less than 30% of animals died of acute peritonitis caused by infection
      within 40 h. The results suggest that, in addition to the currently used
      antibiotics. DM might also be an useful therapeutic agent for treatment of
      bacterial infection.

PMID- 3384393
TI  - [Comparative hemodynamic effects of midazolam and flunitrazepam as induction
      agents].
AB  - The cardiovascular effects of midazolam as induction agent in A.S.A. class 2
      surgical patients (N = 6) were compared with a similar group of patients (N = 6)
      receiving flunitrazepam. An induction-sized dose of midazolam was 0.17 +/- 0.03
      mg/kg and the dose of flunitrazepam was 0.036 +/- 0.0039 mg/kg. The induction
      sized dose of midazolam produced a moderate cardiovascular depression, similar to
      flunitrazepam. Cardiac index, left ventricular stroke work index and mean
      pulmonary pressure were decreased significantly after injection of midazolam and
      mean arterial pressure, cardiac index and left ventricular stroke work index were
      decreased significantly after administration of flunitrazepam. Following the
      administration of midazolam, there were decreasing tendency of mean pulmonary
      pressure and pulmonary artery occluded pressure, and no change of central venous
      pressure, while increasing tendency of central venous pressure with
      flunitrazepam. Unlike flunitrazepam, midazolam may act capacitance vessels.
      However in this study, statistical significant differences between the
      hemodynamic effects of midazolam and those of flunitrazepam were not obtained.

PMID- 3384394
TI  - [Effects of chronic oral administration of ketanserin and trichlormethiazide on
      blood pressure in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats].
AB  - The present study was undertaken to elucidate the effects of ketanserin and
      trichlormethiazide on blood pressure in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive
      rats (SHRSP). Oral ketanserin and trichlormethiazide were administered to
      separate groups for 4 weeks. Combined ketanserin and trichlormethiazide was also
      administered and the effects observed. 1) In both ketanserin and
      trichlormethiazide administered groups, significant antihypertensive actions were
      observed as compared with the non-treated SHRSP. 2) In the ketanserin
      administered group, a significant increase in water drinking activity was
      observed, accompanied with an increased urinary volume. 3) In the
      trichlormethiazide administered group, urinary sodium excretion decreased
      significantly, accompanied with an increased urinary norepinephrine excretion. 4)
      Combined administration of ketanserin and trichlormethiazide enhanced the
      decreases in blood pressure which were produced by single administration of
      either ketanserin or trichlormethiazide. Moreover, both the increasing tendency
      in the urinary sodium excretion and the decreasing tendency in the urinary
      norepinephrine excretion occurred after the combined administration in SHRSP.
      These findings suggest that ketanserin produces an antihypertensive effect and
      may act prophylactically for thiazide-induced renal impairment in SHRSP.

PMID- 3384395
TI  - [Effects of low-frequency pulsing magnetic field upon the respiratory metabolism
      and transmembrane ion fluxes of perfused rat livers].
AB  - Influence of magnetic fields on biological systems is not completely clear.
      Recently, experiments on the effects of weak not heat inducing electromagnetic
      fields concerning biological systems have been reported. We have investigated the
      effects of the weak low-frequency pulsing magnetic field (PMF) concerning the
      respiratory metabolism and transmembrane ion flux of perfused rat livers.
      MATERIALS AND METHODS: Livers from male Wistar rats were perfused via the portal
      vein with 95% O2-5% CO2 saturated Krebs-Henseleit Bicarbonate Buffer maintained
      at 32 degrees C. In 48 hrs fasted rats, lactate was administered in the perfusate
      as a substrate of gluconeogenesis in case of necessity. PMF generated by the
      solenoid coil was applied to the perfused livers. For monitoring of respiratory
      metabolism of the perfused livers, scanning spectrophotometry and NADH
      fluorometry were applied to the surface of the liver. The effluent was monitored
      for PO2 and analyzed for glucose, lactate and pyruvate. Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl-
      ion from effluent were also analyzed. RESULTS: By being exposed to a low
      frequency PMF, the O2 consumption increased in the perfused livers of the fed
      rats, but the degree was variable according to the metabolic state of the liver
      of each rat. In order to bring about a maximum reductive state, ethanol was given
      to the perfusate. Ethanol caused an increase in NADH and Lactate/Pyruvate ratio
      and O2 consumption and an inhibition of glucose production. By exposure to PMF
      the metabolism of perfused liver was shifted to the re-oxidative state. In
      lactate administered perfused liver of the 48 hrs fasted rats, PMF caused an
      increase in the livers sensitivity to glucagon. As regards the transmembrane ion
      fluxes, PMF acted antagonistically to the ethanol effect, especially when we used
      perfusate with low Ca2+ concentrations. So that an intimate association between
      PMF and intracellular Ca2+ regulating system was suggested.

PMID- 3384396
TI  - [Survey of keratinophilic fungi from soils and mating behaviour of Microsporum
      canis from human ringworm cases in Hokkaido Prefecture in Japan].
AB  - From 383 (38.3%) of a total 1000 of soil samples, collected from Hokkaido
      prefecture, keratinophilic fungi have been isolated using hair baiting technique.
      The fungi isolated were as follows: 318 strains of Trichophyton ajelloi
      (including 90 strains of Arthroderma uncinatum), 59 of Microsporum cookei
      (including 13 of Nannizzia cajetani), 32 of Chrysosporium keratinophilum, 23 of
      C. tropicum, 15 of Chrysosporium anamorph of A. tuberculatum, 6 of T. terrestre
      (including 3 of A. insingulare and one of A. quadrifidum), 4 of Chrysosporium
      sp., 2 of M. canis (including one of N. otae), one of M. gypseum, and one of
      Ctenomyces serratus. This is the first isolation of N. otae from soil. Because of
      the successful isolation of N. otae (and its anamorph) from soil sample, (+)
      strain of M. canis was suggested to be popular in Hokkaido prefecture. The
      prevalence of (+) strain of M. canis was investigated using 279 isolates obtained
      from human ringworm cases. Among the 279 isolates, 257 were (-) mating type, 8
      were (+) and 14 were nonreactive. Results of the present study indicate that the
      distribution of keratinophilic fungi from soils in Hokkaido prefecture is
      markedly different from that in the southern parts of Japan. The unexpected
      isolation of N. otae and its anamorph from soil samples as well as the
      significant population of N. otae(+) strain from human ringworms suggest the
      peculiar distribution pattern of N. otae (+) in Hokkaido prefecture.

PMID- 3384397
TI  - [Structure and function of a cell-associated complement regulatory protein,
      membrane cofactor protein (MCP)].
AB  - Based on evidence suggesting that human leukocytes have factor I cofactor
      activity that is distinct from C3b/C4b receptor (CR1), we purified the cofactor
      protein from several human leukocyte cell-lines, and its structural and
      functional properties assessed. This protein migrates Mr 45,000-70,000 dalton
      region with a broad singlet or doublet on SDS-PAGE, specifically binds to C3b and
      C4b, has an acidic pI around pH 4, is rich in proline in amino acid analysis,
      possesses both N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides, generates iC3b by acting
      as a cofactor for I-mediated C3b cleavage, and does not disassemble the C3
      convertases. This protein therefore shares some common properties characteristic
      to complement regulatory proteins, CR1, H, and C4b-binding protein (C4bp). In
      addition, the functional profile of this protein is complementary to that of
      decay-accelerating factor (DAF) that has been known to be a protective protein
      for complement-mediated cell damage. We named this protein membrane cofactor
      protein (MCP), and suspect that the reason DAF and MCP are widely distributed on
      human peripheral blood cells relates to their synergistic activity profile such
      that complement activation on autologous tissue is inhibited.

PMID- 3384398
TI  - Protein phosphorylation of human lysosomal arylsulfatase B from normal and cancer
      tissues.
AB  - Previous studies from this laboratory have demonstrated that arylsulfatase B
      (ASB) is phosphorylated by a protein kinase, which is the first finding of
      phosphorylation in lysosomal hydrolases. The present study was undertaken to
      characterize the sites of phosphorylation in ASB from transplanted human lung
      cancer and from normal human tissues, and to identify type of tumor protein
      kinase responsible for the phosphorylation of ASB. When ASB purified from liver
      and placenta was phosphorylated in vitro by a cAMP-dependent protein kinase, it
      gave a single tryptic phosphopeptide (X) and phosphothreonine. On the other hand,
      the tumor ASB which had been phosphorylated in vivo demonstrated two
      phosphopeptides X and Y. Since the tumor ASB had been shown to be phosphorylated
      both at threonine and serine residues, phosphorylation at threonine residue of
      peptide X, which is phosphorylated by a cAMP-dependent protein kinase, will be
      cancer-associated. Through photoaffinity labeling with a labeled cAMP analogue to
      detect regulatory subunits of cAMP-dependent protein kinase subtypes, it was
      found that the cAMP-dependent protein kinase in the transplanted lung tumor was
      largely type II which can be ascribed to the appearance of highly phosphorylated
      ASB in the tumor.

PMID- 3384399
TI  - Interactions between sodium and calcium intake and blood pressure responses to
      norepinephrine and parathyroid hormone.
AB  - The present study has examined the vascular responses to infusion of
      norepinephrine (NE) and parathyroid hormone (PTH 1-34) in animals subjected for a
      six month period to one of four dietary regimens. Some animals received normal
      calcium chow (1.0% Ca by weight) and drank water (subgroup A), others consumed
      the same chow, but water was replaced by 0.5% saline (subgroup B), a third group
      consumed chow which had 2.0% Ca content and also drank 0.5% saline (subgroup C)
      and a fourth group consumed the 2.0% Ca chow, but drank water (subgroup D). No
      differences were found in the pressor response to NE across subgroup A, B, and C,
      while pressor response to NE in subgroup D was markedly reduced. Depressor
      responses to PTH were not significantly different across any of the four groups.
      The ability of changes in calcium homeostasis to affect blood pressure responses
      to NE and PTH were evaluated in animals consuming reduced dietary calcium (0.1%)
      for two and four weeks and compared with animals on normal calcium intake (1.0%).
      This dietary treatment resulted in only mild effects on calcium balance; after
      four weeks no significant difference in plasma total calcium concentration was
      observed, but plasma PTH levels were increased in animals on the low Ca diet. No
      effects on the blood pressure response to NE or PTH infusion were observed after
      2 weeks of dietary treatment. At four weeks, NE responses remained unchanged,
      while responses to PTH were blunted in animals on 0.1% Ca chow.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3384400
TI  - Somatomedin levels in the diagnosis and therapy of growth hormone deficiency.
AB  - Serum somatomedin-C (SM-C) and somatomedin (SM) concentrations were measured by,
      respectively, radioimmuno (SM-C RIA) and radioreceptor assays (SM RRA) in 3
      groups of children with short stature. The patient population was different from
      previously reported series in that it was urban Brazilian, low income, and
      significantly older. Group A consisted of 6 male and 3 female children, aged 7.7
      16.0 years, whose average peak plasma immunoreactive growth hormone (GH) was
      above 10 ng/ml. Group B contained 8 male and 5 female untreated GH-deficient
      patients, ranging in age from 9.5 to 21.0 years. In Group C there were 4 male and
      1 female GH-deficient subjects treated with I.M. injections of GH (0.1 U/kg) from
      1 month to 7 years. The mean +/- SE basal RIA SM-C (ng/ml) concentrations were
      significantly lower in groups B (34.2 +/- 8.8) and C (43.8 +/- 13.7) than A
      (214.3 +/- 42.7): A X B, P less than 0.001 and A X C, P less than 0.02. Likewise
      the mean +/- SE basal RRA SM (ng/ml) concentrations were significantly lower in
      groups B (78.9 +/- 17.6) and C (90.8 +/- 19.3) than group A (316.3 +/- 43.0): A X
      B, P less than 0.001 and A X C, P less than 0.002. A significant linear
      correlation was observed between RIA and RRA in group B (r = 0.84; P less than
      0.001) and C (r = 0.96; P less than 0.01), but not for A (r = 0.61; P greater
      than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3384401
TI  - Comparison between oral and intravenous fat tolerance tests in normolipidaemic
      subjects.

PMID- 3384402
TI  - Dexamethasone increases mRNA of preproenkephalin A in cultured human
      pheochromocytoma cells.

PMID- 3384404
TI  - Finance 1988: so far, good news is hard to find.

PMID- 3384403
TI  - Catecholamine content of plasma and saliva in sheep exposed to psychological
      stress.

PMID- 3384405
TI  - Marketing function increases in health care.

PMID- 3384406
TI  - Tax-exempt bonds: opportunities for hospitals.

PMID- 3384407
TI  - Purchaser management of health costs to grow.

PMID- 3384408
TI  - States crack down on errant physicians.

PMID- 3384409
TI  - Regulation to slow ambulatory care growth.

PMID- 3384410
TI  - Multis section changes name, adds membership.

PMID- 3384411
TI  - Hospitals may pull CIOs from other industries.

PMID- 3384412
TI  - Organization key to technology diffusion.

PMID- 3384413
TI  - Hospitals offer generous health care benefits.

PMID- 3384414
TI  - New UBIT (unrelated business income tax) rules coming--if not now, then later.

PMID- 3384415
TI  - Pact could drive up price of variable-rate debt.

PMID- 3384416
TI  - Product-line management: misunderstood, feared.

PMID- 3384417
TI  - Open-ended HMOs, others drive growth slowdown.

PMID- 3384418
TI  - Federal law offers protection for peer review.

PMID- 3384419
TI  - New IRS code may limit employee benefit packages.

PMID- 3384420
TI  - HCQIA (Health Care Quality Improvement Act): CA doctors decide to opt out.

PMID- 3384421
TI  - Michigan medical society creates first FMG section.

PMID- 3384422
TI  - Billing errors for maintenance add up.

PMID- 3384423
TI  - Public splits by age on funds for young or old.

PMID- 3384424
TI  - Hospital infectious-waste incineration dilemmas.

PMID- 3384425
TI  - Value of colposcopy in genitourinary departments.
AB  - During 18 months 237 colposcopies were performed on 227 patients in the
      department of genitourinary medicine, Sheffield. Histological evidence of
      cervical intraepithelial neoplasia was found in 118 patients (52%), of whom 104
      (88%) were aged under 35, 93 (79%) under 30, and 64 (54%) under 25. Most were
      treated with local destructive treatment, only five (4%) requiring cone biopsy.
      Colposcopy in a genitourinary department has an important part to play in
      detecting cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, particularly in younger women.
      Early diagnosis may often facilitate using local destructive treatment, thereby
      reducing the numbers of patients needing cone biopsy.

PMID- 3384426
TI  - Recurrent genital herpes: clinical and virological features in men and women.
AB  - One hundred and forty eight patients (69 women and 79 men) with often recurring
      genital herpes were observed for two months. Men had 119 observed recurrences and
      women 104. The attacks were significantly longer in men than women (8.7 days v
      6.6 days, p = 0.005). Significantly more women complained of symptoms, however,
      and when symptoms occurred they were more severe. Other significant differences
      between men and women included age (men were older than women); more men had
      previously had sexually transmitted diseases; more men had infected a sexual
      partner, but fewer knew the source of their infection; and men had more lesions
      at each attack. Positive viral culture results were shown to depend on the amount
      of erythema, the number of lesions, and the presence of vesicles.

PMID- 3384427
TI  - Trichomonal vaginitis: evaluation of serological tests and identification of
      immunoreactive surface peptides.
AB  - An indirect haemagglutination assay (IHA) with polysaccharide and protein
      antigens of Trichomonas vaginalis and an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay
      (ELISA) were used to test for antibodies against T vaginalis in 58 women with
      trichonomal vaginitis and 48 with non-specific vaginitis. Eleven antibody
      positive sera were used in a radioimmunoprecipitation assay (RIPA) to identify
      surface peptides that elicited antibody responses in infected women. The
      serological tests were less sensitive than biological tests (smear examination
      and culture); antibodies were detected in 22 of the 58 women with trichomonal
      vaginitis by IHA using polysaccharide as antigen, in 27 by IHA using protein
      antigen, and in 36 by ELISA. The ELISA was also found to be of low specificity.
      Only two of the 11 sera tested by RIPA showed positive reactions with surface
      antigens, which were confirmed by autoradiography.

PMID- 3384428
TI  - Recurrent vaginal candidosis: prospective study of effectiveness of maintenance
      miconazole treatment.
AB  - In a prospective study, 100 women with recurrent vaginal candidosis were treated
      with miconazole, using two 100 mg vaginal pessaries a day for one week, then one
      pessary twice a week for three months followed by one pessary a week for a
      further three months. Fifty four women elected to continue using one pessary a
      week for longer than six months. Symptomatic vaginal candidosis did not occur in
      any patient during regular maintenance treatment. Of the 46 women who
      discontinued treatment before six months, however, 22 had a recurrence.
      Maintenance prophylactic treatment with miconazole pessaries appears to be an
      acceptable and effective method of preventing recurrent episodes of vaginal
      candidosis.

PMID- 3384429
TI  - Basal cell carcinoma of penis: case report.
AB  - Basal cell carcinoma of the penis is rare. A patient who presented with a penile
      and scrotal ulcer due to basal cell carcinoma is reported. Wide local excision
      and split skin grafting were performed to excise the lesion completely.

PMID- 3384430
TI  - Papulonecrotic tuberculids of the glans penis: case report.

PMID- 3384431
TI  - Treating uncomplicated gonococcal infection with 250 mg or 100 mg ciprofloxacin
      in a single oral dose.

PMID- 3384432
TI  - Single dose piperacillin in gonococcal urethritis.

PMID- 3384433
TI  - Is gonorrhoea a good index of changed heterosexual behavior?

PMID- 3384434
TI  - Isolation of yeasts from male contacts of women with vaginal candidosis.

PMID- 3384435
TI  - Use of slide latex agglutination test for rapid diagnosis of vaginal candidosis.

PMID- 3384436
TI  - Isolation of Chlamydia trachomatis from endometriums of women with and without
      symptoms.
AB  - Chlamydia trachomatis was isolated from the endometrial cavities of three out of
      19 women with positive cervical cultures, who were all symptomless sexual
      contacts of men with non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU). C trachomatis was recovered
      from the endometrial cavities of four out of 14 women with pelvic inflammatory
      disease (PID), three of whom had positive cervical cultures. Although endometrial
      biopsy is probably not justifiable as a routine procedure, it may be a useful
      adjunct to endocervical investigations for managing women with PID.

PMID- 3384437
TI  - Incidence of Ureaplasma urealyticum in endourethral swabs compared with first
      voided urine from men.
AB  - The incidence of Ureaplasma urealyticum in endourethral swabs was compared with
      that in first voided urine specimens from 171 male patients. The organism was
      isolated from the urethras of 72 (42%) and from the urine of 66 (39%). The
      interval since last voiding urine did not significantly influence the incidence
      of infection or ureaplasma counts in either type of specimen. Urethritis was
      strongly associated with ureaplasma counts of greater than or equal to 5 x 10(5)
      colour changing units (ccu)/ml in the urethra and greater than or equal to 5 x
      10(3) ccu/ml in urine.

PMID- 3384438
TI  - Isolation and molecular characterization of a highly polymorphic centromeric
      tandem repeat in the family Falconidae.
AB  - An abundant tandem repeat has been cloned from genomic DNA of the merlin (Falco
      columbarius). The cloned sequence is 174 bp in length, and maps by in situ
      hybridization to the centromeric regions of several of the large chromosomes
      within the merlin karyotype. Complementary sequences have been identified within
      a variety of falcon species; these sequences are either absent or in very low
      copy number in the family Accipitridae. The cloned merlin repeat reveals highly
      polymorphic restriction patterns in the peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus).
      These polymorphisms, which have been shown to be stably inherited within a family
      of captive peregrines, can be used to differentiate the Greenland and Argentina
      populations of this endangered raptor species.

PMID- 3384439
TI  - Establishment of a molecular genetic map of distal mouse chromosome 1: further
      definition of a conserved linkage group syntenic with human chromosome 1q.
AB  - A linkage map of distal mouse chromosome 1 was constructed by restriction
      fragment length polymorphism analysis of DNAs from seven sets of recombinant
      inbred (RI) strains. The data obtained with seven probes on Southern
      hybridization combined with data from previous studies suggest the gene order
      Cfh, Pep-3/Ren-1,2, Ly-5, Lamb-2, At-3, Apoa-2/Ly-17,Spna-1. These results
      confirm and extend analyses of a large linkage group which includes genes present
      on a 20-30 cM span of mouse chromosome 1 and those localized to human chromosome
      1q21-32. Moreover, the data indicate similar relative positions of human and
      mouse complement receptor-related genes REN, CD45, LAMB2, AT3, APOA2, and SPTA.
      These results suggest that mouse gene analyses may help in detailed mapping of
      human genes within such a syntenic group.

PMID- 3384440
TI  - An explanation for the phenotypic differences between patients bearing partial
      deletions of the DMD locus.
AB  - Deletions giving rise to Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and the less severe
      Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) occur in the same large gene on the short arm of
      the human X chromosome. We present a molecular mechanism to explain the clinical
      difference in severity between DMD and BMD patients who bear partial deletions of
      the same gene locus. The model is based on the breakpoints of intragenic
      deletions and their effect on the translation of triplet codons into amino acids
      of the protein product. Deletions identified in three DMD patients are shown to
      shift the translational open reading frame (ORF) of triplet codons for amino
      acids, and each deletion is predicted to result in a truncated, abnormal protein
      product. Deletions identified in three BMD patients are shown to maintain the
      translational ORF for amino acids and predict a shorter, lower molecular weight
      protein. The smaller protein product is presumed to be semifunctional and to
      result in a milder clinical phenotype. The same ORF mechanism is also applicable
      to potential 5' and 3' intron splice mutations and their effect on protein
      production and clinical phenotype.

PMID- 3384441
TI  - The AKT1 proto-oncogene maps to human chromosome 14, band q32.
AB  - The human AKT1 gene is the proto-oncogene of the viral oncogene v-akt. The AKT1
      gene has been localized to human chromosome 14, band q32, proximal to the heavy
      chain immunoglobulin locus (IGHM), by analysis of human-hamster somatic cell
      hybrids and by in situ hybridization. Chromosome rearrangements of this band
      which occur in T-lymphoid malignancies and Hodgkin's disease may affect the AKT1
      gene.

PMID- 3384442
TI  - Using color dimensions to display data dimensions.

PMID- 3384443
TI  - Variability in brightness matching of colored lights.

PMID- 3384444
TI  - Spatial requirements for visual simulation of aircraft at real-world distances.

PMID- 3384445
TI  - Information transfer rate with serial and simultaneous visual display formats.

PMID- 3384446
TI  - Effects of visual display and motion system delays on operator performance and
      uneasiness in a driving simulator.

PMID- 3384447
TI  - Postural adaptations to a sloping chair and work surface.

PMID- 3384448
TI  - Inhibition of natural killer cell-mediated lysis of tumor cells by normal and
      regenerating bone marrow.
AB  - The natural killer (NK) cells which can lyse certain tumor cells during brief
      incubation in vitro have also been postulated to be the cells responsible for
      natural resistance to transplanted hemopoietic cells in vivo. To test this
      hypothesis, we have now measured: 1) the ability of bone marrow cells to compete
      with tumor cells as targets for spleen NK cells and 2) the effect of a brief
      incubation with spleen cells on the hemopoietic grafting potential of bone marrow
      cells. Firstly, when CBA/J mouse spleen cells were incubated with 51Cr-labelled
      YAC tumor cells together with DBA/2 mouse bone marrow cells, tumor cell lysis was
      reduced compared with incubation of spleen cells with tumor cells alone. Tumor
      cell lysis was even less when post-irradiation regenerating bone marrow was used.
      Secondly, C57B1/6 mouse bone marrow cells incubated with an excess of DBA/2 mouse
      spleen cells showed a reduced ability to produce hemopoietic spleen colonies in
      irradiated 129/J mice, whereas incubation with either thymus cells or fewer
      spleen cells produced no such effect. The results show that, when incubated with
      spleen cells under the conditions of a standard NK cell assay, regenerating bone
      marrow cells competitively inhibit the killing of YAC tumor cells and bone marrow
      progenitor cells are rendered ineffective in their hemopoietic colony-forming
      potential (CFU-s). These findings suggest that certain hemopoietic progenitor
      cells and YAC tumor cells can both serve as targets for NK cells, consistent with
      the view that the spontaneous cytolysis of tumor cells in vitro and natural
      resistance to bone marrow transplantation in vivo are mediated by cells of a
      common lineage.

PMID- 3384449
TI  - Suppression of an established DTH response to ovalbumin in mice by feeding
      antigen after immunization.
AB  - Experiments were designed to examine whether systemic delayed-type
      hypersensitivity responses (DTH) to ovalbumin (OVA) can be suppressed when
      antigen is fed after immunization, and to investigate the immunological
      mechanisms involved. A single 25 mg feed of OVA given 7 or 14 days after
      immunization with OVA in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) suppressed the DTH
      response of BDF1 mice, but had no significant effect on the serum IgG antibody
      response. DTH suppression was greatest when antigen was fed soon after
      immunization, and became less pronounced as the time interval between feeding and
      immunization increased. The phenomenon was also demonstrated in mice of the
      BALB/c strain. Cell transfer experiments suggested that the post-immunization
      suppression was not due to a population of suppressor cells that have been
      described previously in association with classical oral tolerance for DTH. We
      conclude that there are separate and distinct mechanisms for the prevention of
      induction of DTH by antigen feeding in naive mice and the suppression of
      expression of DTH in sensitized animals.

PMID- 3384450
TI  - Characterization of a monoclonal antibody against infective larvae of Brugia
      malayi.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies were produced following immunization of mice with live
      infective larvae of Brugia malayi. One of these, 46.08.76, is an antibody that
      promotes adherence of mouse peritoneal macrophages and human peripheral blood
      leucocytes to the infective larvae of B. malayi and Wuchereria bancrofti,
      respectively, and kills them. Fresh normal serum, as a source of complement,
      augments this effect. The same monoclonal antibody conferred 89% protection to
      jirds (Meriones unguiculatus) against challenge infection of B. malayi stage
      three larvae. This monoclonal antibody recognizes antigens of 80,000, 67,000,
      52,000 and 36,000 MW proteins present among the antigens of larvae, as detected
      by an immunoblotting technique. The antibody also reacts with antigens of
      infective larvae of Litomosoides carinii, Dipetalonema viteae and B. pahangi, but
      to a smaller extent.

PMID- 3384451
TI  - Heterogeneity in rheumatoid factor isotypes and specificities in MRL mice.
AB  - MRL/lpr mice spontaneously develop an arthritis which, in several respects, is
      similar to human rheumatoid arthritis, including joint inflammation and
      circulating rheumatoid factors. In human disease, circulating IgM rheumatoid
      factor (RF) predominates but, surprisingly, in these mice we have detected much
      more IgA rheumatoid factor. This IgA rheumatoid factor has a major specificity
      for IgG2a, but heterogeneity in binding specificity was seen between different
      mice. IgG rheumatoid factors were determined in a heterologous mouse IgG assay,
      in which each subclass of rheumatoid factor was tested for its ability to bind to
      the remaining IgG subclasses. Rheumatoid factor activity was detected in all the
      IgG subclasses, but particularly elevated levels were seen in IgG3 and IgG1. Both
      the levels and specificities of IgG rheumatoid factors were markedly different
      between each mouse.

PMID- 3384452
TI  - Purification of a plasma protein that inhibits complement-mediated prevention of
      immune precipitation.
AB  - A pre-albumin glycoprotein that inhibits complement-mediated prevention of immune
      precipitation (PIP) has been purified from normal human serum by sequential
      affinity chromatography on IgG-Sepharose, protein A-Sepharose and Con A
      Sepharose. A total of 4.7 mg of this protein were obtained from 50 ml of serum,
      representing a yield of 49% and a 253-fold degree of purification. We have named
      this glycoprotein gp60 as it has an apparent molecular weight of 60,000 on SDS
      PAGE. The addition of gp60 to normal serum produced dose-dependent inhibition of
      both PIP and solubilization of immune precipitates. Maximum inhibition of PIP was
      achieved by a concentration of 600 micrograms/ml. A monospecific antiserum was
      produced by the immunization of rabbits, which enabled us to develop an enzyme
      linked immunosorbent assay to measure serum concentrations of gp60. In 12 normal
      sera the mean concentration was 205 micrograms/ml (range 132-258 micrograms/ml),
      while that in 15 rheumatoid arthritis sera was 515 micrograms/ml (range 430-708
      micrograms/ml). The serum concentration of this protein correlated with the level
      of inhibition of PIP (r = 0.91, P less than 0.01).

PMID- 3384453
TI  - The effects of immunosuppression on the development of (experimental) cataract.
AB  - The immunogenical response to heteroimmunization and its effects on the lens were
      studied in 10 healthy young rabbits who received human lens antigen in Freund's
      adjuvant, according to a schedule. Half the immunized rabbits were treated with
      prednisolone (the equivalent of 10 mg/kg) daily. All five animals who did not
      receive prednisolone developed precipitating antibodies to human lens protein,
      whereas only one out of the five prednisolone-fed animals developed antibodies.
      Slitlamp examination of the lenses at 16 weeks and 32 weeks post-immunization
      revealed small cortical lens opacities in three of the animals who also showed
      lens antibodies in their sera. None of the antibody-negative animals showed any
      lens lesions (prednisolone treated).

PMID- 3384454
TI  - Mesangiolysis in renal diseases.

PMID- 3384455
TI  - Testicular size, morphology and spermatogenesis in infertile males with
      varicocele.

PMID- 3384456
TI  - Hepatitis B viral infections amongst hospital personnel: Chandigarh.

PMID- 3384457
TI  - Quantitative analysis of abnormal haemoglobins by starch agarose gel
      electrophoresis.

PMID- 3384458
TI  - Serological survey of leptospirosis in and around Bangalore.

PMID- 3384459
TI  - Giant cell tumours of vertebral column.

PMID- 3384460
TI  - A study of mucin profiles in neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases of the
      appendix.

PMID- 3384461
TI  - Primary amoebic cerebellar abscess.

PMID- 3384462
TI  - Teratoma of neck involving thyroid region.

PMID- 3384463
TI  - Tuberous sclerosis: a case report.

PMID- 3384464
TI  - Pigmented tumour of jaw.

PMID- 3384465
TI  - Extra-skeletal chondrosarcoma.

PMID- 3384466
TI  - Hypotensive action of parathyroid hormone in hypoparathyroid and hyperparathyroid
      rats.
AB  - Experimental and clinical data suggest an association between chronic
      hyperparathyroidism and hypertension, but acute infusion of parathyroid hormone
      causes vasodilation and hypotension. These observations imply that chronic and
      acute parathyroid states affect blood pressure through different mechanism(s),
      either by modification of vascular receptors or by an ionophoretic effect of
      parathyroid hormone. The effect of parathyroid status induced by dietary calcium
      manipulations or by surgical ablation of the parathyroid gland on the hypotensive
      response of parathyroid hormone infusion was studied in rats. At 4 weeks of age
      24 male rats were divided into four equal groups. Three groups were sham
      operated, and one group was thyroparathyroidectomized. Only the
      thyroparathyroidectomized group was treated with thyroxine, 10 micrograms/kg/day.
      The control and thyroparathyroidectomized groups were raised on a 1.4% calcium
      diet; the other two groups were raised on 0.005% and 2.8% calcium diets. After 8
      weeks on the diets, parathyroid hormone was infused through a venous cannula at 5
      and 10 micrograms/kg doses and blood pressure was measured through arterial
      cannulas. The results indicate that hyperparathyroidism and hypocalcemia induced
      by the low calcium diet attenuated the hypotensive response to parathyroid
      hormone compared with responses in rats raised on a 1.4% calcium diet. In
      hypoparathyroid rats (2.8% Ca diet) with hypercalcemia, the hypotensive response
      was also reduced. However, in hypoparathyroid (thyroparathyroidectomized) rats
      with hypocalcemia, the hypotensive response was enhanced. The data suggest that
      chronic parathyroid status, as well as hypercalcemia, alters the hypotensive
      response to parathyroid hormone infusion, presumably by altering the vascular
      parathyroid hormone receptors or by some other mechanism.

PMID- 3384467
TI  - Lingual epithelium of spontaneously hypertensive rats has decreased short-circuit
      current in response to NaCl.
AB  - Alterations in ion transport associated with hypertension have been found in a
      variety of organs. We used a modified Ussing chamber to compare the NaCl
      dependence of the short-circuit current across the dorsal lingual epithelium in
      vitro from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with that from Wistar-Kyoto rats
      (WKY). The short-circuit current in response to mucosal NaCl was less in SHR than
      in WKY at hyperosmotic concentrations (above 0.15 M and up to 2.0 M). Since ion
      transport in the lingual epithelium has been found to play a role in early events
      of salt taste transduction, the attenuation in the short-circuit current in
      hypertensive animals may be a factor in the enhanced salt preference of SHR
      compared with WKY.

PMID- 3384468
TI  - Renal nerves and the development of Dahl salt-sensitive hypertension.
AB  - Several experimental forms of hypertension require intact renal innervation for
      the development or maintenance (or both) of the elevated arterial pressure. We
      determined the relationships between urinary sodium and water excretion and
      arterial pressure in Dahl salt-sensitive rats (DS) with innervated (n = 6) and
      denervated (n = 7) kidneys after switching from a low to a high sodium diet.
      Arterial pressure significantly increased in both groups within 48 hours after
      they began to eat an 8% sodium chloride diet. This hypertension increased to 188
      +/- 9 and 190 +/- 7 mm Hg, respectively, in rats with innervated and denervated
      kidneys after 12 days. Mean arterial pressures were not significantly different
      between groups on any day. The rise in arterial pressure of DS placed on a high
      sodium intake was associated with an elevation of urine flow rate and urinary
      sodium excretions in rats with either innervated or denervated kidneys. Urine
      flow rates and urinary sodium excretions were greater in denervated than in
      innervated rats on Days 4 through 7 after beginning the high sodium diet. This
      diuresis and natriuresis in rats with denervated kidneys were associated with
      greater water and sodium intakes on Days 4 to 7 of the high sodium diet when
      compared with rats with innervated kidneys. These results demonstrate that,
      following exposure to a high sodium intake, DS have increased arterial pressure
      within 24 hours. The development of this arterial hypertension is not dependent
      on intact renal innervation. In conscious DS, the renal innervation does
      participate in the regulation of urinary sodium excretion by promoting renal
      sodium and water reabsorption.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3384469
TI  - Dietary salt produces abnormal renal vasoconstrictor responses to upright posture
      in borderline hypertensive subjects.
AB  - We studied the effect of high and low NaCl diets in normotensive and borderline
      hypertensive subjects to determine if a high NaCl diet produces abnormal renal
      vasoconstriction during the stress of upright posture in borderline hypertensive
      subjects. We studied 13 normotensive young men with diastolic blood pressures
      below 85 mm Hg and nine borderline hypertensive young men defined by diastolic
      blood pressures intermittently above 90 mm Hg. The subjects achieved comparable
      sodium balance during 6 days of low NaCl (10 mEq Na, 40 mEq Cl, 100 mEq K) and
      high NaCl (400 mEq Na, 400 mEq Cl, 100 mEq K) diets. In the normotensive
      subjects, standing for 30 minutes resulted in a tendency for diastolic blood
      pressure to fall during both diets. In contrast, during standing borderline
      hypertensive subjects showed no change in diastolic blood pressure during the low
      salt diet and a tendency for diastolic blood pressure to increase after the high
      salt diet. Standing reduced renal plasma flow in both groups during both diets.
      However, only during the high NaCl diet did the absolute decrease and percent
      decrease in renal plasma flow during standing differ significantly (p less than
      0.05 and p less than 0.01, respectively) between the borderline hypertensive (
      151 +/- 24 ml/min/1.73m2; -29 +/- 4%) and normotensive subjects (-79 +/- 17
      ml/min/1.73m2; -15 +/- 3%). The resultant increase in the renal vascular
      resistance index with standing did not differ between the two groups during the
      low NaCl diet.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3384470
TI  - The reproducibility of average ambulatory, home, and clinic pressures.
AB  - The reproducibility of ambulatory, home, and clinic blood pressures was compared
      in 13 untreated mildly hypertensive and 14 normotensive subjects. Each subject
      had two sets of daily ambulatory recordings, home self-measured readings (over 6
      days), and clinic measurements taken 2 weeks apart. Comparisons over the 2 weeks
      within and among the methods of measurements were made using a repeated-measures
      analysis of variance. The results showed that there was no consistent average
      change in the ambulatory or home pressures and no change in clinic diastolic
      pressures, but the clinic systolic pressure of the hypertensive subjects dropped
      6 mm Hg (p less than 0.05), while that of the normotensive subjects showed no
      significant change. Test-retest correlations of each of the three methods were
      similar in magnitude, indicating a similar level of reliability. Test-retest
      correlations of the ambulatory standard deviations, however, were low, indicating
      a low reliability of this measure of daily pressure variability. These results
      suggest that the reproducibility of ambulatory pressures may be as good or better
      than that of home or clinic measurements. They also suggest that the average
      ambulatory pressure may be preferable as the measurement in clinical trials,
      since it may be less influenced by measurement anxiety, particularly in
      hypertensive subjects.

PMID- 3384471
TI  - Renal effects of amino acid infusions in patients with panhypopituitarism.
AB  - Strong evidence indicates that a high protein diet accelerates end-stage renal
      disease by increasing glomerular capillary pressure subsequent to renal
      vasodilatation. The mechanisms underlying this vasodilatation remain undefined,
      but they have been suspected to be mediated by a pituitary factor. To test this
      possibility, we measured changes in renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration
      rate induced by an intravenous infusion of a solution of amino acids in two
      patients with panhypopituitarism. These patients exhibited changes in renal
      hemodynamics comparable to those recorded in nine healthy volunteers. The results
      do not support involvement of the pituitary gland in the acute renal response to
      amino acids.

PMID- 3384472
TI  - Developmental-form-specific DNA-binding proteins in Chlamydia spp.
AB  - We identified DNA-binding proteins specific to the elementary body (EB)
      developmental form of Chlamydia spp. Chlamydial proteins from whole lysates were
      separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, transferred to nitrocellulose,
      and probed with nick-translated chlamydial DNA. By this method, C. trachomatis
      serovar L2 EBs had three unique protein bands of 58,000, 25,700, and 17,000
      molecular weight not seen in the reticulate bodies. The 17,000-molecular-weight
      protein and the 25,700-molecular-weight protein were identified in an acid
      soluble protein fraction and were resistant to high-salt elution, similar to
      other procaryotic nucleoproteins. The 17,000-molecular-weight protein was also
      detected in preparations with isolated chromosomes from EBs. Preliminary
      characterization indicated that the protein-DNA interaction was principally
      charge related.

PMID- 3384473
TI  - Dermonecrotic toxin and tracheal cytotoxin, putative virulence factors of
      Bordetella avium.
AB  - We examined Bordetella avium for virulence factors common to Bordetella
      pertussis, including pertussis toxin, filamentous hemagglutinin, adenylate
      cyclase, dermonecrotic toxin, and tracheal cytotoxin. B. avium produced a
      dermonecrotic toxin and a tracheal cytotoxin. The dermonecrotic toxin of B. avium
      is a 155,000-molecular-weight, heat-labile protein which was lethal for mice,
      guinea pigs, young chickens, and turkey poults and produced dermonecrosis when
      injected intradermally into guinea pigs, chickens, and turkey poults. High
      pressure liquid chromatography of B. avium culture supernatant fluid revealed the
      presence of a tracheal cytotoxin chemically identical to that produced by B.
      pertussis. B. avium isolates were negative for B. pertussis-like filamentous
      hemagglutinin and pertussis toxin when assayed with antibody against B. pertussis
      filamentous hemagglutinin and pertussis toxin. Furthermore, B. avium failed to
      induce the clustered CHO cell morphology characteristic of pertussis toxin.
      Adenylate cyclase assays indicated that B. avium does not produce an
      extracytoplasmic adenylate cyclase, even after passage through embryonated turkey
      eggs. Since production of virulence proteins by B. pertussis is regulated by
      growth in media containing nicotinamide or MgSO4 or by growth at reduced
      temperatures, we determined the effect of these supplements and growth conditions
      on production of dermonecrotic toxin by B. avium. Production of dermonecrotic
      toxin in B. avium was not altered by growth in media containing 100 microM FeSO4
      or 500 micrograms of nicotinamide per ml or by growth at 25 or 42 degrees C, but
      production was significantly decreased by growth in media containing 20 mM MgSO4
      and slightly reduced by growth in media containing 500 micrograms of nicotinic
      acid per ml. These studies revealed that B. avium is similar to B. pertussis in
      that both species produce a dermonecrotic toxin and a tracheal cytotoxin and
      production of dermonecrotic toxin is regulated by nicotinamide and MgSO4. The
      presence of dermonecrotic toxin and tracheal cytotoxin in all Bordetella species
      indicates that these products may be important virulence factors in
      bordetellosis.

PMID- 3384474
TI  - Purification and characterization of toxin B from Clostridium difficile.
AB  - Toxin B from Clostridium difficile was purified to homogeneity and characterized.
      Purification of toxin B was achieved by gel filtration, chromatography on two
      consecutive anion-exchange columns, and chromatography on a high-resolution anion
      exchange column in the presence of 50 mM CaCl2. The molecular weight of toxin B
      was estimated to be 250,000 by denaturing sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and 500,000 by gel filtration. No subunits were
      apparent when the toxin was reduced and analyzed by SDS-PAGE. The estimated
      molecular weight of native toxin B indicated that dimers may form in solution.
      Toxin B was homogeneous by SDS-PAGE, native PAGE, and high-resolution anion
      exchange chromatography. No secondary sequences were detected when the amino
      terminus of the toxin was sequenced, which also indicated that contaminating
      peptides were absent from the preparation. The amino terminus of toxin B was
      determined to be NH3-Trp-Leu-Val-Asn-Arg-Lys-Gln-Leu-Glu-Lys-Met-Ala-Asn-Val-ARg
      Phe-Arg. One cytotoxic unit of toxin B was estimated to be 0.2 to 0.8 pg.

PMID- 3384475
TI  - Binding affinity of serum immunoglobulin G to cardiolipin and other phospholipids
      in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and syphilis.
AB  - Qualitative and quantitative assays for human antibodies to cardiolipin and other
      phospholipids were used in tests for these reactions in sera from patients with
      systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and syphilis. Of 22 SLE serum samples tested
      by the qualitative assay, 8 showed positive staining to cardiolipin, phosphatidic
      acid, and/or phosphatidylserine. All 47 syphilitic sera reacted with these three
      phospholipids. The apparent affinity of anticardiolipin binding was estimated by
      normalizing absolute binding levels as a function of serum concentration to the
      maximum percent bound. It was evident that antibody affinity was four- to
      fivefold lower in the SLE sera than in the syphilitic sera. Twelve serum samples
      from patients with one or more features of the anti-cardiolipin syndrome
      demonstrated mean binding values which were not distinguishable from binding in
      other SLE sera. In sera from patients with active SLE, binding affinity for
      cardiolipin was somewhat greater than that in samples from patients with inactive
      disease, but the differences were not statistically significant. The low
      anticardiolipin binding affinity which was observed in patients with SLE compared
      with that in patients with syphilis casts doubt on a pathogenic role for these
      reactions.

PMID- 3384476
TI  - Bacteroides vulgatus outer membrane antigens associated with carrageenan-induced
      colitis in guinea pigs.
AB  - Previous experiments with the carrageenan model for ulcerative colitis
      demonstrated that the inflammatory response in guinea pigs can be enhanced by
      immunization with Bacteroides vulgatus and subsequent feeding of this organism to
      experimental animals. The studies reported here show that antigens extractable
      from the bacterial outer membrane by EDTA are responsible for this effect. Sodium
      dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to analyze the outer
      membrane proteins from various strains as well as the lipopolysaccharides (LPS)
      extractable by the phenol-water method. Although the observed pattern of outer
      membrane proteins was complex, the strains could be divided into two
      electrophoretic types (phenons) on the basis of immunoblotting against a panel of
      antisera. Cross-absorbed antisera used in immunoblotting experiments identified
      four outer membrane proteins uniquely associated with the phenon capable of
      enhancing the colitis inflammatory response. These proteins had molecular weights
      of 100,000, 57,000, 34,000, and 21,000 when measured in 8% to 12% acrylamide
      gradient sodium dodecyl sulfate gels. Other antigens identified included at least
      one type of smooth LPS, three types of rough LPS, and a common antigen of 30,000
      molecular weight among the strains of B. vulgatus tested. The outer membrane
      preparations were used in animal immunization and challenge experiments, and the
      severity of colitis was correlated with one electrophoresis type. The potential
      role of membrane proteins in the enhancement of colitis is discussed.

PMID- 3384477
TI  - Alteration of sleep in rabbits by Staphylococcus aureus infection.
AB  - Abundant evidence suggests that sleep might be altered during infectious disease,
      although the relationship between sleep and infectious disease has never been
      examined systematically. To address this issue, we determined the effects of
      Staphylococcus aureus infection on rabbit sleep. Rabbits inoculated intravenously
      with S. aureus demonstrated the expected physiological changes consistent with a
      state of infectious disease (e.g., lymphopenia, neutrophilia, and fever), as well
      as time-dependent changes in sleep patterns. The sleep changes were characterized
      initially by increases in (i) the time spent in slow-wave sleep, (ii) the
      electroencephalographic slow-wave amplitudes during slow-wave sleep, and (iii)
      the duration of individual bouts of slow-wave sleep. At 20 to 36 h after
      inoculation, sleep responses fell to levels below corresponding control values
      for 6 to 12 h. At 6 to 10 h after inoculation, rapid-eye-movement sleep was
      suppressed and remained at low levels throughout the remainder of the 48-h
      recording period. These effects of bacterial infection on sleep were attenuated
      by antibiotic (cephalothin) therapy. Inoculation with killed bacteria produced
      similar changes in sleep and other physiological parameters, although
      significantly higher numbers of organisms were required to produce equivalent
      responses. We postulate that changes in sleep may represent an adaptive response
      of the host to infectious disease.

PMID- 3384478
TI  - Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to the protective
      antigen component of Bacillus anthracis toxin.
AB  - Thirty-six monoclonal antibodies to the protective antigen protein of Bacillus
      anthracis exotoxin have been characterized for affinity, antibody subtype,
      competitive binding to antigenic regions, and ability to neutralize lethal and
      edema toxin activities. At least 23 antigenic regions were detected on protective
      antigen by a blocking, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Two clones, 3B6 and
      14B7, competed for a single antigenic region and neutralized the activity of both
      the lethal toxin in vivo (Fisher 344 rat) and the edema toxin in vitro (CHO
      cells). These two antibodies blocked the binding of 125I-labeled protective
      antigen to FRL-103 cells. Our results support the proposal that binding of
      protective antigen to cell receptors is required for expression of toxicity.

PMID- 3384479
TI  - Biomonitoring of aromatic amines and alkylating agents by measuring hemoglobin
      adducts.
AB  - Analysis of hemoglobin adducts in blood samples is suitable for the biological
      monitoring of genotoxic chemicals. The method is specific because the compound to
      which the individual was exposed is identified. The sensitivity of the method
      depends on the analytical procedure applied, but is hardly limiting since large
      amounts of the protein can be obtained. The method provides not only information
      about the internal exposure to the environmental chemical, but also about the
      individual's capacity to generate ultimate genotoxic metabolites from it. Since
      macromolecular damage in blood cells is correlated to that in potential target
      tissues, this information is relevant to risk assessment, insofar as
      macromolecular damage produced by a specific chemical can be correlated with the
      development of tumors.

PMID- 3384480
TI  - The application of immunoassays and fluorometry to the detection of polycyclic
      hydrocarbon-macromolecular adducts and anti-adduct antibodies in humans.
AB  - The metabolic activation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) to chemical
      species that form covalent adducts with cellular macromolecules (DNA and protein)
      is central to theories of carcinogenesis. Assays are currently being developed
      that will accurately reflect human macromolecular exposure to these carcinogens.
      Immunoassays are capable of detecting low levels of PAH-DNA adducts and
      antibodies directed against these adducts in humans and
      HPLC/spectrophotofluorimetry allows the detection of carcinogen-DNA or carcinogen
      protein adducts in human peripheral blood. Both types of method have inherent
      advantages and disadvantages, and the use of more than one type of corroborative
      assay is a feature in our work. Simplified but highly specific synchronous
      fluorescence spectra have been obtained for BP-tetrols after mild acid hydrolysis
      and HPLC of sample materials. When using a wavelength difference of 34 nm to
      drive the excitation and emission monochromators simultaneously, the pyrene
      fluorophore, when present, has a signature peak at 345 nm (excitation). The
      results of immunoassays demonstrate human exposure to PAH as a class of
      carcinogen, since serological cross-reactivity of antibodies does not limit
      detection in this system to a single chemical compound. In addition the formation
      in humans of anti-PAH-DNA antibodies has been shown, presumably in response to
      both past and present exposure to the parent compounds. In summary the results of
      each assay can indicate human exposure to PAH and have the potential for
      molecular dosimetry of this exposure.

PMID- 3384481
TI  - Biomonitoring of benzene exposure by trace analyses of phenylguanine.
AB  - From preliminary experiments it was known that radiolabelled benzene and some of
      its metabolites during its metabolic activation process produce different in
      vitro DNA-phenyladducts in mitoplasts. As we reported previously at least one of
      these adducts, N-7-phenylguanine, is excreted in the urine of rats in measurable
      amounts, probably through an excision-repair mechanism after an inhalation
      experiment. Now we found, after i.p. application of benzene in the urine of rats,
      a compound separated by cation-exchange chromatography that behaves like a
      synthesized N-7-phenylguanine reference substance with respect to its retention
      index and the UV-absorption. This finding could be confirmed by HPLC-measurements
      with reversed-phase carrier materials. Silylation and gas chromatographic/mass
      spectrometric (GC/MS) separation of the fraction, which contains the
      phenylguanine, revealed that these fractions contain further phenyl adducts.
      Furthermore we studied the time-dependent excretion of the DNA-base adduct.
      Surprisingly the excretion dropped to zero on the fourth day and showed a new
      increase thereafter.

PMID- 3384482
TI  - Biomonitoring of DNA damage by alkaline filter elution.
AB  - The majority of DNA lesions resulting from interactions of carcinogens with DNA
      are usually either single strand breaks or lesions which are converted to single
      strand breaks by treatment of DNA with alkaline solutions. A sensitive method of
      detecting DNA single strand breaks is the alkaline filter elution of DNA. We
      started to test this method for biomonitoring occupational exposure with
      sensitive experimental conditions using pH 12.6, where most alkali-labile DNA
      lesions are converted to single strand breaks. Under our conditions statistically
      significant differences can be detected between the elution rates of untreated
      V79 cells and cells treated with [3H]-thymidine 24 h prior to the elution.
      Statistically significant increases were detected in the elution rates of male
      smoking automobile mechanics and male smoking painters compared to non-smoking
      controls. No statistically significant differences were detected in the elution
      rates of male non-smoking automobile mechanics and male workers with a suspected
      exposure to halogenated aromatics compared to male controls. No statistically
      significant differences were observed in the elution rates of female smoking dry
      cleaning workers compared to female smoking controls. Our experience showed that
      the alkaline elution technique can be a valuable tool for monitoring DNA damage
      in peripheral lymphocytes in man.

PMID- 3384483
TI  - Comparison among five mutagenicity assays in workers producing polyurethane
      foams.
AB  - Thirty-two male individuals exposed to isocyanates and amines during the
      production of plastic foams and 20 male referents were studied by cytogenetic
      methods (chromosomal aberrations, sister chromatid exchanges and micronuclei in
      lymphocytes) and by urinary mutagenic assays (thioether concentrations and
      mutagenic activity with Salmonella TA98 and E. Coli WP2 uvrA). The occupational
      exposure was monitored by measurements of toluene diisocyanate and N
      methylmorpholine in work-room air. The levels were below the current Swedish
      hygienic standards. Although all parameters, except the sister chromatid
      exchanges, showed increased mean values for the exposed group compared to the
      referents, only the urinary thioether concentrations differed significantly. The
      study was, however, non-conclusive with regard to a genetic effect of the
      occupational exposure as measured by the cytogenetic parameters. This may be due
      to the low exposure level. In the micronuclei frequencies there was a significant
      effect of age. Smoking significantly affected the SCE frequencies, the thioether
      concentrations and the mutagenic activities in the Salmonella assay. There were
      statistically significant correlations between the urine specimens collected
      during one working day and the following morning with regard to the mutagenic
      activities in the Salmonella and E. coli assays, and in the thioether
      concentrations as well. The association between the different cytogenetic and
      urinary mutagenic assays were weak but there were several statistically
      significant correlation coefficients, indicating that the variables may have a
      common metabolic background.

PMID- 3384485
TI  - Kinetics of methyl ethyl ketone in man: absorption, distribution and elimination
      in inhalation exposure.
AB  - The kinetics of inhaled methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) in human volunteers was studied
      in an exposure chamber. Relative pulmonary uptake was about 53% throughout a 4-h
      exposure period at 200 ppm. Blood MEK concentration rose steadily until the end
      of exposure. Repeated bicycle exercise increased the overall blood MEK level
      markedly in comparison to sedentary activity, with transient peaks in association
      with cycling; thus blood MEK concentration depended both on the rate of uptake
      and the amount taken up. Only 3% of the absorbed dose was excreted unchanged by
      exhalation. A well-known metabolite of MEK, 2,3-butanediol, was detected in the
      urine with maximum rates of excretion at about 6 to 12 h from the beginning of
      exposure. About 2% of the MEK dose taken up by the lungs was excreted in the
      urine as 2,3-butanediol. The main part of inhaled MEK is supposedly metabolized
      in the intermediary metabolism. Elimination of MEK in blood appeared to exhibit
      two phases: the initial alpha-phase (T1/2 = 30 min; kel alpha = 0.023) over the
      first post-exposure hour, followed by the terminal beta-phase (T1/2 = 81 min; kel
      beta = 0.009).

PMID- 3384484
TI  - Biological exposure index of styrene suggested by a physiologico-mathematical
      model.
AB  - We used a physiologico-mathematical model to study the biological exposure index
      of styrene correlated to the Threshold Limit Value (TLV) suggested by the ACGIH
      for 1986-87. This model allows the solvent concentrations in blood, alveolar air,
      fat tissue, and in other biological media to be estimated and simultaneously the
      kinetics of its metabolites to be followed when a specific exposure is settled.
      The comparison between the results obtained from the mathematical model and the
      numerous research projects documented in the literature suggests a reciprocal
      validation. Moreover, some biological parameters (particularly the alveolar
      ventilation) can explain the variability of results obtained from studies
      concerning the solvent pollution of the factories, which used biological
      monitoring. The ranges of styrene concentrations in blood and alveolar air and
      the urinary concentrations of its metabolites (mandelic and phenylglioxylic
      acids) are discussed in connection with the exposure at 215 mg/m3. Important
      differences correlated to the definition of set-levels of TLV and Biological
      Exposure Index (BEI) have been found: particularly the TLVs lead to different
      solvent uptakes according to some biological parameters; the BEI can better
      explain the individual solvent uptake and body burden.

PMID- 3384486
TI  - Residential indoor air contamination by screen printing plants.
AB  - The presence of organic solvents was investigated by means of environmental
      monitoring of the indoor air during one workweek in each of ten selected small
      screen printing plants and the houses surrounding them in the inner city of
      Amsterdam. In the indoor air of the screen printing plants, 14 to 17 organic
      solvents were identified. The concentrations of the identified organic solvents
      varied widely from sampling location and period. In the indoor air of the houses
      situated above the plants, zero to fifteen organic solvents were identified. The
      concentration of organic solvents in the indoor air of the houses situated above
      was related to the type of construction materials. The highest concentrations
      were found in the houses situated above moderately maintained screen printing
      plants with wooden floors and ceilings (n = 5). The concentration of organic
      solvents in the indoor air of the houses situated above well maintained screen
      printing plants with wooden floors and ceilings (n = 3) was much smaller, while
      the plants situated in concrete new buildings (n = 2) were not a source of
      organic solvents. The calculated effect specific exposure index (EI), assuming an
      additive effect and based on the effect specific limit values (ESLVs) for two
      critical effects [irritation mucous membranes and (pre) narcotic effects]
      exceeded unity in one workroom in two of the screen printing plants. The
      calculated EIs for the residents of the houses on the first floor, based on the
      same ESLVs, but adjusted to potential continuous exposure and interindividual
      differences in susceptibility, did not exceed unity. However, episodes of
      irritation of mucous membranes and (pre) narcotic effects may occur.

PMID- 3384487
TI  - Exposure to lead and cadmium of children living in different areas of north-west
      Germany: results of biological monitoring studies 1982-1986.
AB  - Between 1982 and 1986 several surveys were carried out to determine the levels of
      lead and cadmium in blood, urine, and shed deciduous teeth (incisors only) of
      children living in rural, suburban, urban, and industrial areas of North-West
      Germany. Blood lead (PbB) and blood cadmium (CdB) were measured in about 4000
      children. In rural, suburban and urban areas the median PbB levels vary between
      5.5 and 7 micrograms/dl, with 98th percentiles varying between 10 and 13
      micrograms/dl. The median CdB levels are between 0.1 and 0.2 microgram/dl, with
      95th percentiles between 0.3 and 0.4 microgram/l. Children from urban areas have
      significantly higher PbB levels than children from rural and suburban areas.
      Regarding CdB no differences could be detected. Children living in areas around
      lead and zinc smelters, particularly those living very close to the smelters,
      have substantially increased PbB and CdB levels. Children from lead worker
      families also have substantially increased PbB and CdB levels. The lead levels in
      shed milk teeth (PbT) were determined in about 3000 children. In rural, suburban
      and urban areas the median PbT levels are between 2 and 3 micrograms/g, with 95th
      percentiles between 4 and 7 micrograms/g. Children from urban areas have
      significantly higher PbT levels than children from rural and suburban areas. The
      highest PbT levels (on a group basis) are in children from nonferrous smelter
      areas. The median levels of lead in urine (PbU) are between 6 and 10 micrograms/g
      creatinine, with 95th percentiles between 20 and 30 micrograms/g creatinine.
      Children from polluted areas have higher PbU levels than children from less
      polluted areas. The median levels of cadmium in urine (CdU) are in the order of
      0.1 microgram/g creatinine, with 95th percentiles being in the range of 0.5 and
      1.0 microgram/g creatinine. Girls have higher CdU levels than boys. There are no
      differences between groups of children from different areas. Children from lead
      worker families have higher PbU and CdU levels than otherwise comparable
      children. The results of the present studies indicate a further decrease of PbB
      in children from North-West Germany since the CEC blood lead campaigns carried
      out in 1979 and 1981. The decrease of lead exposure also seems to be reflected by
      a decrease of tooth lead levels.

PMID- 3384488
TI  - Cumulative blood-cadmium and tubular proteinuria: a dose-response relationship.
AB  - Biological monitoring, i.e. using individual measures of exposure such as cadmium
      in blood, is supposed to reflect the real dose better than the more commonly used
      external measures such as air-cadmium. In order to investigate this, cumulative
      cadmium doses were estimated individually for 440 workers in a battery factory.
      Cumulative air-cadmium dose as well as two different cumulative blood-cadmium
      doses were computed for each study individual. Forty workers had evidence of
      tubular proteinuria and a clear dose-response relationship was found for each of
      the dose estimates. Our results suggest that cumulative blood-cadmium is a more
      sensitive indicator of cadmium-induced renal dysfunction than cumulative air
      cadmium.

PMID- 3384489
TI  - Work at sea: a study of sleep, and of circadian rhythms in physiological and
      psychological functions, in watchkeepers on merchant vessels. II. Sleep duration,
      and subjective ratings of sleep quality.
AB  - Sleep length and sleep quality scores were collected on board ships over periods
      of up to two weeks from 38 watchkeepers working a '4-on/8-off routine' and 29
      dayworkers. All watchkeepers exhibited fragmented sleeping patterns, which
      indicated a lack of adaptation of the sleep/wakefulness cycle to the hours of
      work. There were only slight differences in total sleep length between
      watchkeepers and dayworkers, however, both groups did not obtain an adequate
      amount of sleep. Within the watchkeeping crews the 3rd Officers had by far the
      shortest sleep length. Concerning sleep quality, daytime sleep was generally
      given the lowest ratings, whereas sleep starting before midnight was on average
      evaluated as the best, both by watchkeepers and dayworkers. Watchkeeping
      personnel do not normally have any "days off" during a voyage so that missed
      sleep might even amount to a sleep deficit. A solution for this problem could
      perhaps be a new, stabilized system that allows a single uninterrupted sleep,
      which is required for full recuperation, to be taken each day.

PMID- 3384490
TI  - Respiratory symptoms and lung function following exposure in workers exposed to
      soft paper tissue dust.
AB  - The objective of this study was to investigate if the dust in a mill producing
      soft paper tissue caused respiratory symptoms or impaired respiratory function.
      Using a questionnaire and spirometry, 355 persons were examined. They were
      divided into three groups according to present exposure to dust; low (less than 1
      mg/m3), moderate (1-5 mg/m3) and heavy (greater than 5 mg/m3). There was a dose
      dependent increase of symptoms from the upper respiratory tract. However,
      coughing and coughing with phlegm were not found to be more common among persons
      with heavy exposure compared to those with low exposure to the dust. There was no
      difference in FEV1 or FVC during a work shift. Persons with long-term (greater
      than 10 years) and heavy exposure to dust seemed to have impaired respiratory
      function compared to those with low and/or short-term exposure to the dust.

PMID- 3384491
TI  - Thioether excretion of workers exposed to bitumen fumes.
AB  - The excretion of thioethers was determined in the urine of workers involved in
      road paving operations and in the preparation of asphalt mixing in an asphalt
      plant. An occupationally nonexposed group served as control. From the results it
      was observed that there was no significant difference in urinary thioether levels
      between the exposed and nonexposed groups, however, smokers of both exposed
      groups had significantly higher urinary thioether levels than the nonexposed
      smoking workers. These results suggested that higher urinary thioether excretion
      could be only due to a difference in smoking behaviour. There were also
      significant differences in urinary thioether levels between the exposed smoking
      and nonsmoking workers. The authors suggest that these workers have a low
      mutagenic/carcinogenic risk and smoking is responsible for the majority of
      thioether excretion, as has been found by other investigators.

PMID- 3384492
TI  - Application of the Minnesota Code in evaluating electrocardiographic features of
      ischemic heart disease in patients exposed to carbon disulphide.
AB  - We examined 81 men exposed for a long time to carbon disulphide (CS2) and tested
      the possible electrocardiographic (ECG) changes of ischemic heart disease
      (I.H.D.). The subjects were examined twice in two years. In order to make the ECG
      evaluation more objective, the Minnesota Code was applied. Two obligatory ECG
      examinations and only one submaximal effort test were carried out. For
      comparative evaluation, the control group was examined once. We proved that, in
      spite of the accepted opinion concerning the atheromatous action of CS2, this
      compound does not cause ECG symptoms of I.H.D. in a higher percentage of exposed
      persons. It also does not cause any significant increase in I.H.D. symptoms in
      dynamic ECG observations.

PMID- 3384493
TI  - Level of airborne bovine epithelial antigen in Finnish cowsheds.
AB  - Samples of airborne particulate material were collected from 18 Finnish cowsheds
      both at stationary sites and in breathing zones. The concentrations of bovine
      epithelial antigen (BEA) in samples were analyzed by the immunochemical enzyme
      linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) inhibition test. For total dust and BEA
      measurements the range of results among cowsheds was wide. In the breathing zone
      the mean concentration of total dust was 2.4 +/- 1.5 mg/m3 and of BEA 460 +/- 300
      ng/m3. The concentrations of total dust and BEA were significantly lower at
      stationary sites than in breathing zones. Correlation analyses of total dust and
      BEA concentrations revealed that only moderate correlations existed, and they
      were not statistically significant (P greater than 0.05). Correlations between
      BEA concentrations in feeding passage or manure passage and breathing zone were
      at most only moderate (rs 0.29, P = 0.12 and rs 0.42, P = 0.02, respectively).
      The correlation of BEA concentrations between the two stationary sites was
      relatively strong and significant (rs 0.71, P = 0.004), suggesting that the
      variation in BEA concentrations between cowsheds is real. The effects of brushing
      and number of animals on total dust and BEA concentrations were studied
      statistically in samples from the breathing zone. No high or significant
      correlations were observed.

PMID- 3384495
TI  - Biological exposure limits estimated from relations between occupational styrene
      exposure during a workweek and excretion of mandelic and phenylglyoxylic acids in
      urine.
AB  - Styrene exposure of 18 workers in fiberglass reinforced plastic industries was
      measured for 30-min periods throughout each workday for a week. The styrene
      uptake was estimated using pulmonary ventilation measurements. All urine voidings
      were collected separately and the styrene metabolites, mandelic acid (MA) and
      phenylglyoxylic acid (PGA) were determined. The relationship between both
      exposure and uptake versus excretion of these metabolites was studied. Styrene
      metabolite concentrations and excretion rates (with 95% tolerance limits) were
      calculated to correspond to a constant 8-h exposure at the Swedish exposure limit
      level (25 ppm) or an uptake of an exposure limit related styrene dose (6.3 mmol).
      The tightest tolerance limits were obtained for excretion rate of MA + PGA per 24
      h. The calculated biological exposure limit was 3.4 (+/- 0.7) mmol MA + PGA/24h
      for a dose of 6.3 mmol styrene.

PMID- 3384494
TI  - Arsenic and Raynaud's phenomenon. Vasospastic tendency and excretion of arsenic
      in smelter workers before and after the summer vacation.
AB  - Occupational and environmental exposure to inorganic arsenic is associated with
      the occurrence of Raynaud's phenomenon and objectively registered abnormal finger
      systolic blood pressure at local cooling (FSP). A subnormal FSP during cooling
      indicates a vasospastic tendency. It is not known whether these phenomena are
      related to recent or historical long-term exposure to arsenic. Twenty-one workers
      from a Swedish smelter were selected on the basis of exposure to arsenic dust for
      more than 14 years and a previously (three years earlier) recorded subnormal FSP
      during local cooling. The workers were examined before and after a 4 to 8 week
      summer vacation. After this intermission in arsenic exposure the urinary
      excretion of arsenic decreased to normal values, whereas the vasospastic reaction
      in the fingers remained. Thus the vasospastic tendency seems to be unrelated to
      the most recent urinary arsenic levels. FSP levels on cooling were significantly
      increased as compared with the measurements made three years earlier. This
      suggests a gradual improvement in finger blood circulation caused by decreased
      exposure to arsenic as evaluated over a time period of several years. The data
      thus indicate that peripheral vascular disturbances caused by arsenic are
      dependent on long-term arsenic exposures and are independent of short-term
      fluctuations in arsenic exposure.

PMID- 3384496
TI  - Anesthesia in the geriatric patient. A symposium. Proceedings.

PMID- 3384497
TI  - Overview of anesthesia for the geriatric patient.

PMID- 3384498
TI  - The relationship of locus of control, age, and sex to life satisfaction and death
      anxiety in older persons.
AB  - The present study examined Rotter's Internal-External (I-E) locus of control
      (LOC) concept in relation to life satisfaction and death anxiety in an aged
      population. Age and sex of the individual were also considered. In the case of
      life satisfaction, a strong sex and a strong locus of control effect were found.
      For death anxiety, again a strong sex effect was found, but there was also a
      significant interaction between locus of control and age. The article suggests
      the need for a life span developmental perspective in LOC research. Studies which
      explore the influence of life experiences, situational and environmental
      variables, and their effect on control orientation are also needed.

PMID- 3384499
TI  - Teleconferencing: an avenue for college coursework in nursing home settings.
AB  - With increasing numbers of elderly individuals facing nursing home living,
      interest in programs addressing the experienced quality of life in these
      residences has increased. Educational programs have been identified as one way to
      improve the experience of nursing home life. Concurrently, technology has
      developed rapidly and provides new avenues for service delivery. This article
      describes the use of a growing technology, teleconferencing, to provide a college
      course to elderly nursing home residents. Students' responses to the course are
      presented using five individual illustrations, and implications for programs and
      research are discussed. Preliminary findings are reported and related to three
      areas: the potential effectiveness of courses offered via teleconferencing to
      nursing home residents, the importance of nursing home programs which foster
      residents' sense of self, and a type of research information which appears
      fruitful for future work in this area.

PMID- 3384500
TI  - Finances of unmarried elderly people over time.
AB  - This research assessed the effect of widowhood, divorce, and life-long singleness
      on income and evaluations of finances at two points, and investigated factors
      associated with satisfaction with level of living in old age. Data were analyzed
      from two interviews with 2,047 older, unmarried men and women. Models explaining
      satisfaction with level of living were relatively similar for the marital status
      groups. Marital status affected the economic circumstances and perceptions of
      finances of women more often than men. The strains of divorce and widowhood for
      women and divorce for older men had an enduring influence on finances, and in the
      instance of men, were heightened over time.

PMID- 3384501
TI  - Identity loss and psychological crisis in widowhood: a re-evaluation.
AB  - This study seeks to clarify the effect of widowhood on ego identity and
      psychological functioning. The sample consisted of eighty-three widows, ranging
      in age from twenty-two to seventy-four, who had been widowed an average of 4.9
      years. A majority were found to be Identity Achievers on the Marcia instrument,
      and the group scored significantly higher on a structured measure of self-esteem
      (TSCS) in comparison to national norms. A quarter of the sample reported positive
      change after widowhood, 39 percent reported mixed effects, and only 30 percent
      reported only negative change. The results are discussed in terms of Erikson's
      developmental theory, suggesting that intimacy may be a more central issue of
      widowhood than ego identity. Further, little support is given the pathological
      sheen often attributed to widowhood. Rather, the data better fit a developmental
      or growth model of crisis resolution.

PMID- 3384502
TI  - Evaluation of densitometry data using interactive computer graphics: application
      to DNA agarose gels.
AB  - A method of analyzing DNA agarose gels using interactive computer graphics is
      described. After electrophoresis in an alkaline agarose gel, DNA is neutralized,
      stained with ethidium bromide and excited with ultraviolet radiation. The
      resulting fluorescent distribution on the gel is photographed, and the negative
      scanned by a digitizing densitometer. The data is subsequently analyzed using a
      computer program developed to facilitate manipulation and selection of data from
      the densitometer trace. The method has been applied to determine pyrimidine dimer
      yields in DNA from human lymphocytes exposed to UV radiation. The technique
      significantly reduces the time required to analyze such data, while also
      providing greater accuracy. The method could be easily adapted to assist in
      similar analyses of other macromolecules such as RNA or proteins.

PMID- 3384503
TI  - A study on the expectational model for tumor growth.
AB  - Based on the biological assumptions of the logistic and the Bertalanffy models,
      the paper makes a microscopic analysis to confirm that the Gompertz equation is
      the expectational model for tumor growth, which had been asserted by Steel in
      1977 (Growth of Kinetic Tumors, Oxford University Press) but could hardly be
      verified experimentally. It is also known that the logistic and the Bertalanffy
      equations are two deviated models in the two sides of the expectational model and
      the logisitic is too biased to be a good model.

PMID- 3384504
TI  - A data compression algorithm for the electroencephalogram.
AB  - This paper describes a data compression algorithm for the EEG using a local error
      measure. The algorithm discards input signal samples provided they can be
      reconstructed from the stored samples with an error smaller than a given
      threshold, and according to simple reconstruction functions (the hold, the ramp,
      and the cosine). An equivalent (in terms of storage) sampling rate of 44 Hz is
      achieved without noticeable degradation of the signal quality for visual
      analysis. The method can be easily implemented for real time multichannel data
      compression/reconstruction.

PMID- 3384505
TI  - A new method of presentation of the average spectral properties of the EEG time
      series.
AB  - In framework of the AR model the transfer function and the impulse response
      function of the EEG time series were found. The parameters of the impulse
      response function were interpreted in terms of: frequencies, damping factors and
      amplitudes of the hypothetical brain rhythm generators. The method of the rhythm
      diagrams was proposed to describe the spectral properties of the EEG time series.
      It makes possible the accurate estimation of the EEG rhythm's frequencies and
      their intensities, especially weak components hardly visible in the conventional
      spectral analysis are well distinguished. Rhythm diagrams can be a useful tool in
      the clinical applications and offer new possibilities in the direct comparison of
      the results of modeling with the experimental data.

PMID- 3384506
TI  - Codependency: a view from women married to alcoholics.
AB  - Intensive interviews with women married to alcoholics reveal a taken-for-granted
      use of the term "codependent" to describe the spouses of alcoholics, despite
      considerable definitional ambiguity as to what codependency is. Although most of
      the wives agreed that codependency involves caretaking behavior and exists by
      virtue of their association with an alcoholic, they disagreed widely as to its
      impact on the self, its locus as personal or social, its disease status, its
      longevity, and whether or not it is distinctive to alcohol-complicated marriages.
      Self-labeling and identification occur through retrospective reinterpretation of
      their lives with their alcoholic husbands, guided and legitimated by
      rehabilitation personnel. These reconstructions then serve as self-evidence of
      codependency. In challenging the notion of codependency as an objective
      condition, we emphasize the social construction and application of this
      condition, and, in doing so, suggest that there has been a two-fold process of
      deviantizing the women's identities and medicalizing this new-found deviance.
      While this situation perpetuates a traditional view of women as more passive than
      active, a more serious possibility is its affinity to a historical view of wives
      of alcoholics as pathological.

PMID- 3384507
TI  - The relationship between physical and sexual abuse and tobacco, alcohol, and
      illicit drug use among youths in a juvenile detention center.
AB  - The relationships between child physical and sexual abuse and tobacco, alcohol,
      and illicit drug use are little understood and underinvestigated. Data gathered
      from a study of youths in a regional detention center permitted an examination of
      this issue. The results indicate that the youths' physical and sexual abuse
      experiences are significantly and positively related to their use of illicit
      drugs. The implications of these findings for further research are drawn.

PMID- 3384508
TI  - Locating and interviewing alcoholics 8 years after discharge from hospital.
AB  - An 8-year follow-up of 85 alcoholic men resulted in 93% interviewed or confirmed
      deceased. The location and interview techniques used to achieve this high
      completion rate are reported and the "location" of deceased subjects is
      discussed. A list of the agencies that might have information on the whereabouts
      of subjects is provided. The time course of data collection is analyzed. The
      characteristics of subjects lost under specific follow-up inadequacies or
      constraints are considered. Our findings can be used by program evaluators as a
      basis for decisions concerning the best use of their follow-up resources.

PMID- 3384509
TI  - An order-theoretic analysis of Jellinek's disease model of alcoholism.
AB  - The purpose of the present study was to investigate the progressive nature of
      alcoholism by applying an order-theoretic analysis to a model of alcoholism
      originally introduced by Jellinek. Ordering theory is specifically designed to
      investigate hierarchies and developmental progressions, and was judged by the
      authors to be ideally suited to testing Jellinek's symptom hierarchy of
      alcoholism. Ordering theory was used to determine if there were any prerequisite
      relations among any pairs of symptoms in Jellinek's model. The authors were able
      to find evidence of a progressive symptom hierarchy, but this hierarchy was
      composed only of a subset of symptoms found in the Jellinek model. The authors
      conclude that the present study supports the concept of alcoholism as a
      progressive disorder, but that the progression is not the same as that described
      by Jellinek.

PMID- 3384510
TI  - Drinking patterns and abstinence among the elderly.
AB  - For almost a decade the research literature has reflected both the scarcity of
      new knowledge regarding alcohol use or abuse among the elderly and the need to
      address the problem. Current theoretical perspectives on probable trends of
      alcohol-related problems among older persons include historical-cohort
      prediction, biological and clinical geriatric expectations, and sociocultural
      economic expectations. These theoretical perspectives are frequently in
      opposition to each other and are largely untested with appropriate data. This
      paper introduces the principal theoretical perspectives of alcohol use among the
      elderly and presents recent data from a probability sample of
      noninstitutionalized elderly persons regarding alcohol consumption patterns,
      abstinence, and the influence of increasing chronological age and economic
      security on alcohol consumption.

PMID- 3384511
TI  - Predicting Japanese American drinking behavior.
AB  - Empirical data on Japanese American drinking behavior are scarce. The present
      study was a random sample (N = 295) of households in Los Angeles with Japanese
      surnames. Japanese Americans born in the United States tended to drink less than
      those born in Japan. The study also observed significant gender differences in
      Japanese American drinking behavior which were attributed to ascribed social
      roles. Other demographic and social determinants of drinking were examined
      through two logistic regression models. The first model predicted drinking (as
      opposed to abstaining), while the other distinguished heavy drinkers from those
      who drank alcohol in more moderate amounts. Potential reference groups (e.g.,
      parents, friends, church groups, etc.) were often significant in predicting
      whether and how much a Japanese American drank.

PMID- 3384512
TI  - Alcohol advertising on television: should we be worried?
AB  - Alcohol advertising on television is often cited as a reason for young people
      beginning to drink. However, as little research has been done in this area,
      making definitive statements is probably irresponsible.

PMID- 3384513
TI  - Plasma lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase after anaerobic exercise.
AB  - Eight untrained men performed 15-s and 60-s high-intensity exercise on a bicycle
      ergometer. Activities of the creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
      were measured in blood 3 min and 2, 6, and 24 h after cessation of exercise. The
      results indicate that anaerobic exercise induces a transient increase in plasma
      LDH activity and a more prolonged elevation in plasma CK activity. A negative
      correlation was found between CK activity measured before and 3 min after
      exercise and mean power, and total external work performed in both test types. A
      similar correlation was ascertained between pre- and post-exercise CK activity
      and maximal power output measured in the 60-s test. After the 15-s exercise test,
      only post-exercise plasma CK activity was negatively correlated with the maximal
      power output.

PMID- 3384514
TI  - Blood viscosity after a 1-h submaximal exercise with and without drinking.
AB  - Ten healthy subjects performed two exercise sessions similar to an endurance
      training session for average athletes (1 cycling exercise at 85% of the maximal
      heart rate on a Monark cycle ergometer). In the first session, the subjects were
      not allowed to drink during exercise. During the second session, the same
      subjects performed the same exercise as during the first session but they drank a
      beverage volume equal to the weight loss induced by the first exercise session to
      verify the hypothesis that the compensation of sweat loss by drinking could
      attenuate the exercise-induced blood viscosity increase. Both protocols (with and
      without drinking) induced a significant increase of hematocrit and plasma
      viscosity. The whole blood viscosity increased at all shear rates but this
      increase was significant only for the exercise protocol without drinking. Blood
      thixotropic property, erythrocyte deformability, and erythrocyte aggregability
      remained unchanged after both exercise protocols. Hemoconcentration explained the
      increase of hematocrit and plasma viscosity. Hemoconcentration was probably the
      consequence of a filtration process through capillary leakage in addition to
      sweat loss, which could explain the partial effect of drinking in our study.

PMID- 3384515
TI  - Indicators of cell breakdown in plasma of men during and after a marathon race.
AB  - Plasma indicators of muscle cell leakage and of hemolysis were studied in 23
      runners before and after a marathon race. Blood samples were drawn from an
      antecubital vein the morning before the race (baseline), at 3 p.m., i.e., 2 h
      before the start, on arrival, 12 and 36 h, and 7 days later. Compared with the
      baseline values, the plasma creatinine phosphokinase MM and MB subfractions,
      aldolase and glutamicoxaloacetic transaminase activity were increased immediately
      after the race, rose further 12 h after the marathon, and remained elevated the
      race, rose further 12 h after the marathon, and remained elevated 36 h and 7 days
      later. The plasma lactate dehydrogenase activity and myoglobin concentration were
      increased on arrival and returned to the pre-race activity 7 days after the
      marathon. Compared with the pre-race values, the plasma haptoglobin concentration
      was decreased immediately and 12 h after the marathon. Our data show that
      indicators of muscle cell leakage and of hemolysis in plasma, withdrawn after a
      marathon race, remained elevated for up to 7 days after the race.

PMID- 3384516
TI  - Efficiency of pedal forces during ergometer cycling.
AB  - The aim of this study was to record the forces applied to the pedal during
      ergometer cycling and to calculate the effectiveness of these force vectors. Six
      healthy subjects rode a weight-braked bicycle ergometer at different work loads,
      pedaling rates, saddle heights, and pedal foot positions. The left lower limb and
      crank motions were recorded by a cinefilm camera and pedal reaction forces by a
      Kistler force measuring transducer mounted on the left pedal. The force
      effectiveness was computed as a ratio between the force tangential to
      instantaneous direction of pedal movement and the resultant force. The mean force
      efficiency ratio significantly increased by an increase of the ergometer work
      load or use of the anterior foot position instead of the posterior. It was not
      significantly changed due to alterations of the pedaling rate or saddle height.

PMID- 3384517
TI  - Influence of marathon running on thyroid hormones.
AB  - Thyroid hormones were studied in 16 well-trained male amateur runners (mean age
      31.8 years) before, immediately after, and 60 min and 22 h after marathon
      running. Free thyroxine (fT4), appraised by the free thyroxine index (fT4-I), was
      significantly increased immediately after and 1 h after the race compared with
      control values. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) was significantly increased
      immediately after the race, returned to the control value 1 h later, and was
      markedly decreased 22 h after the race. Free triiodothyronine (fT3) and free
      reverse triiodo-thyronine (frT3), appraised by the ratios triiodothyronine/
      thyroxine binding globulin and reverse triiodothyronine/thyroxine binding
      globulin, respectively, showed contrary results. frT3 increased significantly
      after exercise, whereas fT3 decreased insignificantly. The peripheral conversion
      of thyroxine was additionally estimated by the ratios rT3/T3 and rT3/T. Both
      ratios were increased significantly after the run and remained elevated 22 h
      after the race. It is concluded that an increased TSH-regulated T4 secretion
      occurs during prolonged exercise as well as a change of the peripheral conversion
      process in favor of the hormonal inactive rT3. The latter condition remained
      still 22 h after the race.

PMID- 3384518
TI  - Running exercise as a modulatory of proteoglycan matrix in the articular
      cartilage of young rabbits.
AB  - Proteoglycans (PGs) and collagen were quantified in the knee articular cartilages
      of femoral and tibial medial condyles following 1-8 weeks of moderate running
      exercise of 4- to 6-month-old rabbits. The total content of PGs extractable with
      4 mol/l guanidium chloride was elevated in the weight-bearing cartilage of the
      tibial medial condyle, while their concentration, expressed as uronic acid per
      wet weight, and collagen remained unchanged. The content of glucosamine (GlcN)
      and its ratio to galactosamine (GalN) was elevated in femoral cartilage PGs
      purified by centrifugation in dissociative CsCl gradients, indicating an increase
      in keratan sulfate. After 8 weeks of running, the chondroitin sulfate chains of
      PGs from tibial medial condyle contained less unsulfated disaccharide units. The
      content of chondroitin sulfate was elevated in the nonextractable residue of the
      tibial medial condyle as indicated by uronic acid and GaN assays. The content of
      nonextractable GlcN was increased even more, both in tibial medial and femoral
      cartilages. Moderate running thus increased (1) keratan sulfate-rich PGs, (2) the
      degree of sulfation of the chondroitin sulfate chains, and (3) nonextractable
      PGs; these modulatory alterations probably enhance the stability and elastic
      stiffness of the PG matrix.

PMID- 3384519
TI  - Cardiovascular response during upright isometric dead lift in young, older, and
      elderly healthy men.
AB  - Isometric exercises raise the mean arterial blood pressure and impose serious
      stress on left ventricular function. It may be more dangerous for older than for
      younger people. The effect of aging on blood pressure response was studied in 75
      subjects, 25 normal young men aged 25 +/- 4 years, 25 older men aged 51 +/- 3.2
      years, and 25 elderly men aged 68 +/- 4 years, during upright isometric dead lift
      at 30% maximal voluntary effort for 3 min. The heart rate, systolic blood
      pressure, and diastolic blood pressure were measured during the 3rd min of dead
      lift contraction. Tension exerted was significantly lower in the older group (33
      +/- 4 kg) and lowest in the elderly group (26.9 +/- 6 kg) compared with the young
      group (43 +/- 8 kg). All groups showed similar and significant increases in heart
      rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure during dead lift (p less than 0.01).
      These data indicate a similar pattern of blood pressure response to acute
      pressure overload in young, older, and elderly normal men.

PMID- 3384520
TI  - Effect of ankle disk training on postural control in patients with functional
      instability of the ankle joint.
AB  - The postural control of ten male soccer players with functional instability (FI)
      of the ankle joint, i.e., recurrent sprains and/or a feeling of giving way, was
      studied before and after ankle disk training. Postural control was studied by
      means of stabilometry and an optoelectronic movement recording system. In the
      present study, we found increased postural sway in men with functional
      instability, which is in line with previous studies. We found improved postural
      control after ankle disk training as shown by stabilometry. Postural correction
      patterns were restored, and segmental displacement amplitudes reached even
      supranormal values. A subgroup of players with unilateral FI also decreased
      postural sway when standing on the non-symptomatic, untrained foot after ankle
      disk training. This bilateral improvement and the restored postural correction
      pattern do not tally with Freemans proprioceptive theory for postural control,
      but stresses the importance of central motor programs.

PMID- 3384521
TI  - Acute hypoxia decreases cardiac response to catecholamines in exercising humans.
AB  - Cardiac chronotropic response to adrenergic activity at rest and exercise has
      been studied in 8 sea-level natives on the first two days of exposure to high
      altitude hypoxia (3823 m, 473 mmHg). Maximal O2 uptake (VO2max) was determined at
      low altitude (day 0:D0) and high altitude (day 2:D2). Submaximal exercise tests
      were performed at low altitude (day 1:D1) and high altitude (days 3 and 4: D3,
      D4). Plasma venous norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) concentrations were
      determined at rest and at the end of submaximal exercise. From D0 to D2, maximal
      heart rate decreased by 7% (p less than 0.01), and VO2max decreased by 17% (p
      less than 0.01). During submaximal exercise, plasma NE did not vary significantly
      (D1: 1.36 +/- 0.57, D3: 1.48 +/- 0.51, D4: 1.31 +/- 0.54 ng.ml-1). In contrast,
      relative work load decreased at high altitude (% VO2max at D1, D3 and D4 were
      respectively: 90.2 +/- 6.1, 83.3 +/- 9.8, 76.9 +/- 8.2). Linear relationships
      were found, both at low and high altitudes, between NE and VO2, NE and % VO2max,
      and between the increases in NE and heart rate during exercise. Covariance
      analysis indicates that these relations shifted to the left at high altitude:for
      the same NE or increase in NE, VO2 or increase in heart rate was lower at high
      altitude. Variations in E were similar but not significant. We conclude that
      hypoxia induced a decrease in cardiac chronotropic response to adrenergic
      activation during submaximal exercise.

PMID- 3384522
TI  - Psychopathology in mountaineering--mental disturbances under high-altitude
      stress.
AB  - In the years 1960-1985 psychiatric and psychological research was conducted among
      a group of 80 Polish alpinists. Experimental research was conducted during the
      expeditions to the Hindu Kush mountains and to the Andes (1971, 1973-74, 1979,
      1985). The aim of the research was to describe the personality of the alpinists,
      their motivation, as well as mental disturbances caused by staying at high
      altitudes. On the basis of an interview and the Cattell personality
      questionnaire, two types of personality were distinguished: the schizoid
      psychasthenic type (53 persons, i.e. 66%) and the asthenic-neurotic type (23
      persons, i.e. 30%). As regards the motivation for mountain climbing, situational
      and personality factors were described, among them, the need to experience
      "powerful situations" and compensating for an inferiority complex. A so called
      integrational fear which mobilizes the psychophysical capabilities to overcome
      the hardships of the climb, was described as characteristic of the alpinists.
      Depending on the altitude and the duration of one's stay at it, the mental
      disturbances, in most cases took on the form of the neurasthenic syndrome
      (asthenic or sthenic) at low altitudes (3000-4000 m), the cyclothymic syndrome at
      medium altitudes (4000-5000 m), and the acute organic brain syndrome at high
      altitudes (above 7000 m). In 24 (35%) cases, there occurred psychotic
      disturbances with profound disturbances of consciousness and orientation. These
      states were accompanied by symptoms of high-altitude deterioration with a break
      down in the physical condition, disturbances in the hydro-electrolyte
      equilibrium, and a considerable loss of bodily weight.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3384523
TI  - High altitude cerebral oedema.
AB  - High altitude cerebral oedema is a severe form of acute mountain sickness
      occurring at heights above 4500 metres. The clinical features are of headache,
      impairment of consciousness and a variety of neurological signs. The condition
      occurs during acclimatisation and also at extreme altitudes above 7500 metres
      when it is often fatal. Case histories of cerebral oedema patients, pathological
      findings and treatment are reviewed. Other forms of altitude-related illness are
      also reviewed, including stroke and retinal haemorrhage.

PMID- 3384524
TI  - Hypoxic ventilatory response of rats born at simulated altitude.
AB  - Steady-state ventilatory response to isocapnic hypoxia was measured in awake
      rats: a) resident at sea level (Control); b) born at sea level and acclimatized
      to a simulated altitude of 3500 m (Newcomers); c) born and raised for two
      generations at a simulated altitude of 3500 m (HA-II Generation). Arterial PO2,
      PCO2, and pH were measured at the same time as ventilation. Resting ventilation
      (mean +/- SE) on room air in Control, Newcomers, and HA-II Generation was 707 +/-
      25, 811 +/- 28 and 878 +/- 21 ml.min-1.kg-1, respectively. The ratios of
      ventilations measured at PaO2 55 and 100 Torr were 1.61 for Control, 1.52 for
      Newcomers, and 1.60 for HA-II Generation and were not significantly different
      from one another. The ventilatory response to 5% CO2 in air was also similar in
      all three groups. After four days at sea level, ventilatory responses of HA-II
      Generation to normoxia or isocapnic hypoxia were the same as those of sea level
      control. We conclude that the HA-II Generation groups had ventilatory responses
      to hypoxia that did not differ from those of Newcomers acclimatized to the same
      altitude. Unlike man, rats that were born and raised at altitude for two
      generations did not show any "blunting" of the ventilatory response to hypoxia.

PMID- 3384525
TI  - Physical assessment of heat insulation rescue foils.
AB  - For the insulation of hypothermic individuals, aluminium-coated foils are used as
      rescue blankets and rescue suits, respectively. By measurements on a phantom, the
      efficiency of these foils was tested. Based on an appropriate physical model
      results were transferred to the thermal reaction of hypothermic individuals.
      Following investigations were carried out: rescue foil with different types of
      clothing, comparison between rescue foil and woolen blanket, "Hibler packing",
      rescue suit at sudden fall in temperature. Applying these foils and the suit,
      respectively, a thermal stabilization of the body core is being achieved
      approximately under realistic conditions. When applying the "Hibler packing",
      reheating is achieved both with wet and dry clothing.

PMID- 3384526
TI  - Relationship of training and life-style to 16-km running time of 4000 joggers.
      The '84 Berne "Grand-Prix" Study.
AB  - To investigate running activity, life-style, and endurance capacity of joggers,
      all competitors of a popular 16-km race were surveyed by questionnaire. The
      response rate was 83.6%, yielding a study population of 4358 male runners over
      age 16. In univariate analysis, there were significant associations between 16-km
      running time and weekly training distance (average of 1 year), weekly training
      frequency, body mass index (BMI), age, cigarette smoking, years of regular
      running, and frequency of alcohol cosumption. A multiple regression analysis
      provided six significant, independent predictors of 16-km time, explaining 47% of
      its variance: weekly training distance (standardized regression coefficient = 
      0.46), age (0.37), BMI (0.23), years of regular running (-0.19), weekly training
      frequency (-0.11), and cigarette smoking (0.10). Based on laboratory treadmill
      testing of a subsample of runners, 16-km running times were transformed into
      maximum aerobic capacities (VO2 max equivalents) for all competitors. In
      comparison with the general population, even the slowest 5% of the runners showed
      a higher endurance capacity than the age-specific population mean. Application of
      the multivariate regression model for an estimation of the overall impact of
      training and life-style on endurance capacity showed that the great difference in
      mean endurance levels between joggers and the general population could entirely
      be attributed to differences in running activity, BMI, and smoking. We conclude
      that the joggers investigated were, on average, not selected concerning
      biological predisposition and genetic endowment since their behavior alone
      explained their high average endurance capacity.

PMID- 3384527
TI  - Benefits and risks of running among women: an epidemiologic study.
AB  - To describe some of the suggested health benefits and risks of regular running in
      young and middle-aged women, a group of 428 Swiss female contestants in a popular
      16-km race was studied by questionnaire (response rate 86%). The estimated
      endurance estimate capacity of female runners (VO2max equivalents, based on 16-km
      running time) was superior to the endurance capacity of both the female and the
      male general population. The strongest predictor of runners' VO2max was habitual
      weekly training distance. Training and life-style characteristics of the
      contestants were able to explain part of, but not the whole, difference in VO2max
      seen between runners and women of the general population. Running activity was
      positively associated with reported weight loss and quitting smoking. However,
      during the year preceding the race, 40% of the female contestants sustained
      running-related injuries or complaints, 17% sought medical help therefore, and
      14% had to interrupt running for 6 weeks on average. Sites and types of running
      injuries showed specific female properties. Female runners had significantly less
      outpatient physician visits than the general population, but among runners the
      highly active (greater than or equal to 25 km/week) had more visits than the
      moderately active (less than 25 km/week), due to excess consultations because of
      running-related complaints. This cross-section study used epidemiologic methods
      to quantify some benefits and risks of running.

PMID- 3384528
TI  - Serum erythropoietin in cross-country skiers.
AB  - Serum erythropoietin (Epo) activity, hemoglobin (Hb), and hematocrit (Ht) were
      determined in 21 cross-country skiers during the training season. The Epo levels
      were not significantly reduced in the skiers relative to the normal population (P
      less than 0.01 and P less than 0.001, respectively). In 11 athletes Epo, Ht,
      urinary gamma-glutamyltransferase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, and
      microalbuminuria were determined before and after a 50-km ski race at 1600 m
      above sea level. A significant increase of these variables (except for Ht) was
      found after the competition (P less than 0.001). It is concluded that while the
      reductions in Hb and Ht, which are typical of several endurance exercises, are
      not accompanied by a renal hypoxia sufficient to stimulate Epo overproduction,
      the renal hypoxia reached during the strenuous exercise of the race at altitude
      may be effective in determining blood increases in Epo.

PMID- 3384529
TI  - Factors associated with maternal mortality in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
AB  - A housing probability survey in which 9315 women were interviewed was conducted
      in 1983 to detect the incidence and aetiology of maternal mortality in Addis
      Ababa, Ethiopia. Maternal mortality for the two-year period from 11 September
      1981 was 350/100,000 livebirths (excluding abortions). A logistic regression
      analysis selected antenatal care, occupation and income as risk factors for
      maternal mortality, after adjusting for age, parity, education and marital
      status. Odds ratios were 2.5 for unbooked women compared to those receiving
      antenatal care, about 3 for students, and maids/janitresses compared to
      housewives, and between 3 and 5 for those earning less than US$25 monthly,
      compared to those earning US$150 or more.

PMID- 3384530
TI  - The infant mortality rate, life expectancy at birth, and a linear index of
      mortality as measures of general health status.
AB  - The infant mortality rate is not a good indicator of overall mortality or health
      status. Based on new empirical life tables from the UN Population Division, it
      can only predict life expectancy with 95% confidence to within a 14-year range.
      Two infant mortality rates must be nearly 80 units apart to be 95% confident that
      life expectancy in the two communities is different. Life expectancy itself is
      not an ideal general measure of mortality, because it implicitly weights deaths
      at different ages in an inconsistent fashion. A measure of potential years of
      life lost is preferable because it is ethically more consistent.

PMID- 3384531
TI  - The influence of gender on determinants of urban childhood mortality in
      Bangladesh.
AB  - To assess sociodemographic characteristics predicting childhood mortality in
      urban Bangladesh, we conducted a case-control study of subjects selected from 51
      low and middle class areas of urban Dhaka between 14 October 1984 and 13 October
      1985. Cases were the 38 children who died aged under six years during the study
      interval; six surviving controls aged under six years were selected for each
      case. Factors associated with childhood deaths included being under one year of
      age (OR (odds ratio) = 11.80; p less than 0.0001), and several direct and
      indirect indicators of poor economic status: ie head of household earning a daily
      wage rather than a salary (OR = 2.63; p less than 0.01); residence in a single
      room dwelling (OR = 2.63; p less than 0.05); or residence in a structure of
      inferior construction (OR = 2.58; p less than 0.05). There were important gender
      specific differences in the risk factors. Having one or more male siblings was
      associated with an increased risk of death for male children (OR = 2.78; p less
      than 0.05), while having at least one female sibling was suggestively associated
      with the risk of death for female children (OR = 2.47; p less than 0.10). Family
      dependence on daily wages rather than on a salary was associated with male deaths
      (OR = 6.24; p less than 0.001) but not with female deaths (OR = 1.38). Other
      indices of poverty (poor construction of house and single-room dwellings) were
      also associated with an increased risk of male but not female deaths.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3384532
TI  - Evaluation of the frequency of anaemia and iron-deficiency anaemia in a group of
      Algerian menstruating women by a mixed distribution analysis: contribution of
      folate deficiency and inflammatory processes in the determination of anaemia.
AB  - Frequency of anaemia was estimated by two methods for 254 menstruating women
      living in South-eastern Algeria. One method defines the frequency of anaemia as
      the percentage of women with haemoglobin concentrations below the cut-off point
      defined by WHO (12 g/dl). The second method defines the frequency of anaemia as
      the percentage of women whose haemoglobin values are shifted downwards relative
      to a Gaussian distribution of haemoglobin of nonanaemic women. The conventional
      cut-off point probably tends to overestimate the true frequency of anaemia: 7% of
      women with haemoglobin concentration less than 12 g/dl were not found as anaemic
      using the cumulative frequency method. The contribution of iron deficiency folate
      deficiency and inflammatory process was estimated using the cumulative frequency
      distribution after excluding respectively women with biological evidence of iron
      deficiency (serum ferritin of 12 micrograms/l or less, transferrin saturation
      less than 15% and/or MCV less than 80 fl), of folate deficiency (red blood cell
      folates less than 100 micrograms/l) and of inflammatory process (C. Reactive
      Protein more than 12 mg/l, orosomucoid more than 1.4 g/l or white cell counts of
      more than 10,000/mm3). According to this method iron deficiency represented the
      most important cause of anaemia in the context of our sample: iron deficiency
      contributed to 77% of anaemia. Folate deficiency and inflammatory processes do
      not in themselves appear to contribute to anaemia.

PMID- 3384533
TI  - Accidental bromine exposure in an urban population: an acute epidemiological
      assessment.
AB  - In November 1984, because of an accident at a chemical plant, the population of a
      large area in the town of Geneva, Switzerland, was exposed to toxic bromine gas
      during several hours at concentrations above the short-term exposure limit. We
      describe the development of the disaster, the reactions of the fire brigade, the
      police and the first aid services as well as the breakdown of communications that
      occurred. On-the-spot epidemiological assessment of the exposed area and of the
      characteristics of the exposure syndrome was combined with the emergency care of
      91 self-referred patients that were seen at the University Hospital. Follow-up
      was obtained one month later. The clinical course was moderate (eyes and upper
      airways irritation) and self-limiting in all cases. Immediate definition of the
      exposed population permitted effective follow-up. Such early evaluation could
      prove to be of crucial importance for managing more serious accidents of a
      similar nature.

PMID- 3384534
TI  - A cluster survey of mortality due to neonatal tetanus in Kenya.
AB  - Three house-to-house surveys were conducted in three different districts in
      Kenya, using a cluster survey technique for estimation of neonatal tetanus death
      rates. The results showed neonatal death rates of 10, 16 and 23 per 1000
      livebirths and neonatal tetanus death rates of 6, 11 and 16 per 1000 livebirths
      respectively. A recall method based on interviews with women attending antenatal
      clinics gave much lower rates. The community surveys indicate a total neonatal
      tetanus death rate of 8 per 1000 livebirths and it is estimated that each year
      between 8000 and 12,000 children die in Kenya from this preventable disease.

PMID- 3384535
TI  - Dengue epidemics on the Pacific Coast of Mexico.
AB  - Dengue epidemics in three Mexican cities were investigated with retrospective
      surveys and virus isolations from acute cases. These epidemics were part of the
      continuing extension of dengue in Mexico since 1978 after 15 years without
      transmission. Serotype 1 dengue infection predominated in all epidemics, but in
      one city, type 2 strains were also isolated. The following findings were
      consistent in all three cities: 1) illness history provided evidence of presence
      of infection months before the epidemic became evident, 2) there was a very sharp
      and progressive increase of dengue illness attack rates by age, 3) there were no
      interpretable relationships between illness and the presence of different types
      of breeding sights in the home, 4) socioeconomic status was strongly negatively
      related to illness, and 5) geographical factors not related to the other measured
      variables had a strong effect on illness rates reflecting the focality of
      transmission. In addition, there was evidence of a strong protective effect
      against illness by the use of mosquito netting or the presence of screens on
      houses, but these relationships were not universal to all three cities.

PMID- 3384536
TI  - International measles importations United States, 1980-1985.
AB  - Between 1980 and 1985, 89-121 international measles importations were reported
      annually in the US, accounting for 0.7-6.9% of the annual number of reported
      measles cases. These measles cases were acquired in more than 70 different
      countries. Three countries accounted for over one third of all imported cases:
      Mexico, the UK and the Philippines. Thirty-six states reported importations.
      However, over half of all importations were reported from only six states:
      California, New York, Maryland, Florida, Texas and Hawaii. Most measles
      importations did not cause transmission in the US. In 1982 and 1985 only 16% and
      29% of importations resulted in any spread cases. Until there is better control
      of measles worldwide, high immunization levels are crucial for continued measles
      control in the US.

PMID- 3384537
TI  - Risk assessment for acquiring meningitis tuberculosis among children not
      vaccinated with BCG: a case-control study.
AB  - This case-control study was conducted to assess the risk, among children aged 0
      12 years, of developing meningitis tuberculosis (MT) associated with a lack of
      intradermal BCG vaccination. Cases (45) of MT admitted for treatment at the
      Fundacao Benjamin Guimaraes Hospital (Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil), from 1975 to
      1981, were matched for age at hospitalization, date of hospitalization and
      nutritional status, with two types of controls--patients with acute diarrhoea
      (AD) and patients with acute non-tuberculous bacterial pneumonias (BP)--admitted
      to the same hospital. Vaccination status was ascertained from the patients'
      medical records. Results showed a risk for MT, estimated by the odds ratio,
      between BCG non-vaccinated and BCG vaccinated patients, of 6.7 (95% Cl 2.3-19.0)
      comparing cases and AD controls, of 4.0 (95% Cl 1.5-11.0) comparing cases and BP
      controls and 5.7 (95% Cl 2.3-14.0) comparing cases with both controls. When
      adjustments were made for place of residence (Metropolitan Region of Belo
      Horizonte and other regions of Minas Gerais State), the risks decreased to 5.2
      (95% Cl 1.9-14.0) and 2.9 (95% Cl 1.2-7.3) comparing cases with AD and BP
      controls, respectively.

PMID- 3384538
TI  - Respiratory symptoms or signs on the day of the study alter pulmonary function in
      teenagers.
AB  - Pulmonary function variables (forced expiratory flows and vital capacity, static
      lung volume, alveolar N2 slope, closing volume and closing capacity) were
      compared in a group of 10-16 year old children with (n = 65) and without (n =
      440) symptoms or signs of mild acute respiratory infection ('common cold').
      Symptomatic children had a significant impairment of forced expiratory vital
      capacity and flows, with no change in static volumes, alveolar N2 slopes and
      closing volumes. The effect was present only in boys (in whom RV/TLC and phase
      III slope were borderline abnormal), was more evident in older children (13 to 16
      years) and was independent of the smoking habits or the presence of chronic
      respiratory symptoms. The results are in favour of a predominant involvement of
      upper airways, but signs of lower airways dysfunction are present in boys and in
      children 13 to 16 years old.

PMID- 3384539
TI  - Validity of the 24-hour recall method in infancy: the Leiden Pre-School Children
      Study.
AB  - In the Leiden Pre-School Children Study the 24-hour recall method was used to
      determine the energy and nutrient intake of children from four to 28 months. A
      validation study was carried out in order to get insight into the validity of the
      collected dietary data. In the first part of the study the validity of the Dutch
      food table, supplemented with data on commercial babyfoods, was tested. The
      calculated average energy and nutrient intake of 111 six-month-old non-breastfed
      infants was compared with the results of chemical analysis of an equivalent
      composite corresponding with the average food intake of these children. With the
      exception of calcium and phosphorus the difference between the calculated and
      analysed values was less than 5%. Secondly the 24-hour recall was validated
      against the duplicate portion technique among 41 six-month-old non-breastfed
      infants. With the exception of sodium and iron, energy and nutrient intake data
      calculated from the 24-hour recall were significantly higher than those obtained
      after chemical analysis of the duplicate portions. However, on a relative level
      the results of the 24-hour recall and the duplicate portion technique
      corresponded very well. These results suggest that for infants a systematic
      difference exists between both methods.

PMID- 3384540
TI  - A box-graph method for illustrating relative-size relationships in a 2 x 2 table.
AB  - The proportional relationships of the four numbers in a 2 x 2 table can be
      displayed using two types of box graphs. In one approach, a 'unitary square' is
      first divided according to the denominator proportions of the two groups formed
      in a cohort or case-control study, and then re-divided according to the numerator
      proportions in each group. In the second method, the numbers are arranged as four
      squares, proportionately sized according to the square root of each number, and
      contiguously adjacent to a central reference point. The methods offer a pictorial
      format for showing contingency counts in a manner analogous to the graphs used
      for other forms of data.

PMID- 3384541
TI  - The mortality of hospital-acquired bloodstream infections: need for a new vital
      statistic?
AB  - Available data on both crude mortality and attributable mortality of hospital
      acquired bloodstream infections suggest that such infections represent an
      important cause of death in the US. The use of 95% confidence limits for
      attributable mortality and current national vital statistics data for septicaemia
      corroborate the general hypothesis.

PMID- 3384542
TI  - Early prediction of primary hypertension: an epidemiological approach.

PMID- 3384543
TI  - Chromosomal anomalies and Chernobyl.

PMID- 3384544
TI  - Dietary factors and cancer.

PMID- 3384545
TI  - A cancer registry-based study of occupational risk for lymphoma, multiple myeloma
      and leukaemia.
AB  - Mortality and incidence studies have suggested that agricultural workers may be
      at increased risk for some cancers. Case-control methods were used to investigate
      the relationship between farming, other occupations, and lymphoma, multiple
      myeloma, and leukaemia. A total of 475 male cases, aged 20 years or more, and
      1425 age-matched controls were identified through the Missouri Cancer Registry
      for the years 1984-1985. People with smoking-related cancers were excluded as
      controls to minimize bias associated with farmers' reported smoking patterns.
      Farmers had slightly elevated risks for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (odds ratio (OR) =
      1.11) and Hodgkin's disease (OR = 1.30). The risk for leukaemia (all types) was
      not elevated (OR = 0.91); however, for acute lymphatic leukaemia an OR of 2.84
      was detected. An OR of 2.78 (95% confidence interval = 1.09-7.07) for
      reticulosarcoma was observed among farmers 65 years and older. Several other
      occupational associations were noted which have been reported previously.
      Carpenters (OR = 3.10) and machinists (OR = 4.85) were at increased risk for
      Hodgkin's disease. An elevated risk of leukaemia was observed for mechanics (OR =
      4.79). Since most previous studies of the associations between lymphatic and
      haematopoietic cancers and agriculture have been based on mortality data,
      additional studies of incident cases are suggested.

PMID- 3384546
TI  - International mortality from primary nervous system neoplasms: distribution and
      trends.
AB  - International comparisons of average annual age-adjusted mortality rates for
      primary tumours of the nervous system for 1951 through 1958 and 1967 through 1973
      showed marked geographical variation for both study periods. For the majority of
      countries, the mortality rates increased by at least 40% in the in the
      intervening 15-year period, while in 20% of the countries the rates increased by
      over 100%. The percentage increases varied from 12.2 to 345.5. The improvement in
      the diagnosis of these tumours, particularly among elderly individuals (who have
      the highest age-specific incidence rates for these neoplasms), presumably
      accounts for most of this change. However, it is possible that the increase may
      not be fully accounted for by these factors alone. It is therefore suggested that
      further epidemiological studies are undertaken to determine more accurately the
      causes and implications of this worldwide increase in mortality rates from
      primary tumours of the nervous system.

PMID- 3384547
TI  - Soft tissue sarcoma mortality among Vietnam veterans in Massachusetts, 1972 to
      1983.
AB  - Information from death certificates and veterans' bonuses identified 840 Vietnam
      veterans and 2515 Vietnam-era veterans who died in Massachusetts during 1972
      1983. Causes of death among Vietnam veterans were compared to Vietnam-era
      veterans and other male decedents. Standardized PMRs and MORs were both elevated
      for soft tissue sarcoma compared to Vietnam-era veterans [sPMR = 880, sMOR =
      5.16, 95% Cl = (2.4, 11.1)], as well as non-veteran males.

PMID- 3384548
TI  - Completeness of cancer registration in Denmark 1943-1966 and efficacy of record
      linkage procedures.
AB  - The completeness of registration in the national, population based cancer
      registry in Denmark was evaluated for the first 23 years (1943-1966) of
      operation. The registry was linked to a complementary data file on 5674 Danish
      invasive cervical cancer patients enrolled in an international, clinical follow
      up study on the basis of identifying information including name, month and year
      of birth and date of cervical cancer diagnosis. The cancer register had a deficit
      of 2.2% (95% confidence interval, 1.8-2.6) cervical cancer patients; this figure
      is low compared to those of other cancer registers. Some 80% of the identified
      cases were retrieved by computerized matching alone, and an additional 15% were
      identified by combining computerized and visual matching procedures. Scrutiny of
      non-retrieved case records revealed that major errors in the identifiers of the
      cohort used for linkage were responsible for inability to identify an additional
      1.7%. The presents study underlines the importance of meticulously recorded, high
      quality key identifiers in registers, and linkage of cohorts to establish the
      presence or absence of disease.

PMID- 3384549
TI  - Smoking and prevalence of disease in the 1983 Italian National Health Survey.
AB  - The relation between smoking habits and selected chronic diseases was evaluated
      from the data of the 1983 Italian National Health Survey, based on 72,284 people
      aged 15 or over randomly selected within strata of geographical area, size of
      place of residence and of the household in order to be representative of the
      whole Italian population. The prevalence of all the 19 diseases or groups of
      diseases considered was elevated among ex-smokers, thus suggesting that the
      presence of any chronic condition stimulates cessation of smoking. The excess
      prevalence among ex-smokers was particularly large for myocardial infarction and
      other heart diseases. Four groups of diseases were positively related with
      current as well as with past cigarette smoking. These were chronic bronchitis,
      emphysema of the lung or respiratory insufficiency, gastroduodenal ulcer and
      varicose veins or haemorrhoids. For all these groups of diseases the relative
      risks were higher in heavy cigarette smokers. Compared with never smokers, the
      point estimates for subjects smoking 15 cigarettes per day or more were 2.6 for
      chronic bronchitis, 1.7 for emphysema of the lung, 2.1 for gastroduodenal ulcer
      and 1.6 for varicose veins or haemorrhoids. For bronchitis, ulcer and varicose
      veins or haemorrhoids the relative risks tended to be higher in younger and
      middle age groups. From these data, it was estimated that in the whole of Italy a
      total of about 900,000 prevalent cases of chronic bronchitis, 270,000 of
      emphysema, 610,000 gastroduodenal ulcers and 380,000 varicose veins or
      haemorrhoids could be associated with cigarette smoking.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3384550
TI  - Prospective study of mortality associated with chronic lung disease and smoking
      in Papua New Guinea.
AB  - In Papua New Guinea a 15-year mortality follow-up was carried out among 2026
      highlanders and 1734 coastal dwellers on whom data on respiratory symptoms and
      signs, and lung function had been obtained by prevalence surveys in 1970/71.
      Survival status was established in 99%, of whom 9.8% had died, the rate being
      higher in the highland (12.2%) than in the coastal population (7.0%). All
      abnormalities indicative of chronic lung disease were associated with increased
      mortality though this was statistically significant only for chronic shortness of
      breath (SMR 195) and wheezing (SMR 183) in coastal females. In those aged 25
      years or more there was a strong association between reduced lung function (FEV1,
      FVC, FEV1/FVC%) and mortality, after controlling for age and height. The
      associations observed were as strong as those reported from prospective studies
      in developed countries. The most striking difference was that in Papua New Guinea
      mortality showed no association whatever with tobacco smoking; this may be
      because the traditional type of tobacco and method of smoking it resembles
      pipe/cigar smoking in developed countries.

PMID- 3384551
TI  - Adult male all-cause, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular mortality in relation to
      ethnic group, systolic blood pressure and blood glucose concentration in
      Trinidad, West Indies.
AB  - In a prospective survey of 1342 Trinidadian men aged 35 to 69 years at
      recruitment, age-adjusted mean blood pressures were highest in those of African
      descent, intermediate in Indians and mean of Mixed origin, and lowest in
      Europeans. Age-adjusted fasting blood glucose concentrations were highest in
      Indians and lowest in men of European descent. Relative risks of all-cause,
      cardiovascular and cerebrovascular mortality increased progressively with
      increasing systolic pressure, whereas for fasting blood glucose concentration the
      associations were U-shaped. No ethnic differences were apparent in relative
      risks. For systolic pressure, mortality from all-causes and cardiovascular
      diseases respectively were about two and three times higher at 180 mmHg or more
      than at pressures below 130 mmHg. For blood glucose, all-cause and cardiovascular
      mortality were about four times higher at fasting concentrations greater than 7.7
      mmol/l than in the lowest risk group (4.2-4.6 mmol/l). All-cause population
      attributable mortality rates for systolic pressures of 130 mmHg or more were 1.3
      to 2.8 times higher in Indian men than in other groups. For blood glucose in
      excess of 4.6 mmol/l, population attributable mortality was between 2.9 and 6.9
      times higher in Indians than in other groups. The findings emphasized the high
      mortality in men of Indian descent, partly due to an apparent underlying
      predisposition to cardiovascular disease, and partly to their high prevalence of
      diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 3384552
TI  - Biological and environmental sources of familial aggregation of blood pressure:
      the Jerusalem Lipid Research Clinic.
AB  - Genetic and cultural determinants of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic
      blood pressure (DBP) were estimated using a path model on a sample of families
      examined in the Jerusalem Lipid Research Clinic. This model involves 10
      parameters to be estimated from a total of 16 correlations (leaving ample degrees
      of freedom to test the goodness-of-fit). The general model fitted SBP (X2(6) =
      6.95, p = 0.33) and DBP (X2(6) = 5.44, p = 0.49) very well. Both genetic (h2) and
      cultural (c2) components of inheritance were statistically significant for both
      blood pressure variables. Under the most parsimonious model, genetic
      heritabilities (h2) were estimated to be 0.20 and 0.28 for SBP and DBP
      respectively. Cultural heritability (c2) was 0.12 for SBP and 0.08 for DBP. A
      significant fraction of the estimate for cultural inheritance was due to a
      sibling environmental effect not mediated through their parents. Within this
      population genetic factors, common environmental factors and concomitant
      variables such as sex, age and origin explained about 40% of blood pressure
      variability. Most of the variance appears to be due to unmeasured environmental
      factors and errors of measurement.

PMID- 3384553
TI  - Weight and mortality in men: the Albany Study.
AB  - In the Albany Study cohort of 1910 men, first examined between 1953 and 1955, 27
      year mortality was least at relative weights between 100 and 109% of those
      considered desirable according to the 1959 Build and Blood Pressure Study.
      Mortality was greater at lower and higher weights. This association of weight and
      mortality was substantially stronger during the first 15 years after
      characterization than in the remaining 12 years. In contrast to the Albany Study,
      the 1979 insurance study and a study by the American Cancer Society reported
      minimum mortality for men at average weight by height, which is 15-20 pounds
      above the 1959 insurance standards. Other studies have reported minimum mortality
      at above-average weights. Perhaps the concept of an unvarying 'desirable' weight
      should be abandoned.

PMID- 3384554
TI  - Type of gallstones and deaths from stroke and coronary heart disease among
      cholecystectomized patients.
AB  - A total of 841 Japanese patients who had undergone cholecystectomy for
      choleithiasis (550 for cholesterol stones and 291 for pigment stones) from 1951
      to 1970 were investigated on death from stroke, coronary heart disease (CHD) and
      heart disease other than CHD in relation to the type of gallstones. Compared to
      patients with pigment stones, those having cholesterol stones had a 50% lower
      risk of dying from stroke which was statistically significant. The findings
      support the idea that westernization of Japanese diets may be responsible both
      for the decline in stroke mortality and for the changing pattern of gallstones in
      this country. The risk of CHD among cholesterol-stone patients was higher, but
      not significantly so, than that of pigment-stone patients whereas mortality from
      heart disease other than CHD did not differ much between the two groups. There
      were, however, few deaths from these diseases and the findings were therefore not
      conclusive.

PMID- 3384555
TI  - Coffee consumption and serum cholesterol: an epidemiological study in Belgium.
AB  - In a Belgian population group of 15,954 male and 2116 female soldiers and their
      spouses the relationship between coffee drinking and serum cholesterol has been
      studied. A moderate but highly significant monotonic positive relationship
      between coffee drinking and both serum total and non-high density lipoprotein
      (HDL)-cholesterol was observed in men (p less than 0.001) even when adjusted for
      the confounding effects of age, body mass index, smoking, alcohol, and dietary
      fat and cholesterol intake. Men drinking at least three cups of coffee daily had
      a mean level of serum total cholesterol about 4 mg/dl and of non-HDL-cholesterol
      about 3 mg/dl higher than those who did not drink coffee. No significant effect
      of coffee drinking on HDL-cholesterol was observed in men. In women coffee
      drinking did not influence any of the measured serum lipids.

PMID- 3384556
TI  - Relationship of fat deposition and intestinal microflora in VMH rats.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to investigate the pathophysiology of the
      intestinal microflora in the mechanism of fat deposition in hypothalamic obese
      (VMH) rats. Enterococci of VMH rats decreased 2 weeks after bilateral lesions in
      the ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei, and significantly decreased at 12 weeks
      after the lesions were made (P less than 0.01). Lactobacilli increased after 1
      week after the lesions. Numbers of enterococci were negatively correlated with
      fat deposition in the parametrium (P less than 0.01), retroperitoneum (P less
      than 0.01), and liver (P less than 0.05), and also with Lee's index (P less than
      0.02). Lactobacilli were positively correlated with serum glucose (P less than
      0.01), fat deposition in the parametrium (P less than 0.02), and Lee's index (P
      less than 0.05). Enterococci probably decrease the intestinal absorption of
      cholesterol, and lactobacilli facilitate the absorption of hexose in the
      intestine, so a decrease in enterococci and increase in lactobacilli caused by
      hypothalamic lesions may accelerate the pathogenesis of obesity in VMH rats.

PMID- 3384557
TI  - The effect of limit feeding on thermogenesis and thermoregulation in genetically
      obese (ob/ob) mice during cold exposure.
AB  - Thermogenesis and thermoregulation in ad-lib-fed and limit-fed lean (+/ob or +/+)
      and obese (ob/ob) mice during acute cold exposure were studied by measuring
      oxygen consumption and body temperature. No significant differences in oxygen
      consumption were found between the lean ad-lib, obese ad-lib- or obese limit-fed
      groups. The oxygen consumption of the lean-limit-fed group was decreased by 25-30
      per cent compared with the other groups. The body temperature of the obese ad-lib
      fed group fell at a rate of at least twice that of any other group. The weight,
      total cytochrome c oxidase activity and protein content of the brown adipose
      tissue (BAT) of the lean groups was similar, and there appeared to be little
      difference in cell size or fat content. The BAT of both obese groups showed a
      several-fold increase in weight, and a 50 per cent increase in total protein,
      compared with the lean groups. The limit-fed obese group showed a significant
      increase in cytochrome c oxidase activity compared with all other groups. The BAT
      cells of both obese groups were much enlarged and contained considerable amounts
      of fat. These observations indicate that the susceptibility of obese mice to
      hypothermia is not due to a reduced capacity for thermogenesis, but to a failure
      to conserve heat. Failure of thermoregulation in obese animals may be due to
      postural constraints that result in increased heat loss by radiation. The results
      are discussed in relation to the accredited role of BAT thermogenesis in rodents
      exposed to the cold.

PMID- 3384558
TI  - Body fat distribution and the prognosis for weight reduction: preliminary
      observations.
AB  - In a preliminary study the influence of body fat distribution on the degree of
      weight reduction, blood lipids and blood glucose was investigated in 17
      premenopausal obese women (BMI greater than 27 kg/m2), who followed an energy
      reduced diet of 4.2 MJ/day for 8 weeks. Body fat distribution was distinguished
      in an abdominal and gluteal-femoral type using a cut-off point of 0.80 for the
      ratio of waist-to-hips girth. Mean weight reduction was about 10 kg. Body fat
      distribution was not related to the ability to lose weight. Body weight reduction
      was 10.2 +/- 3.3 kg (mean +/- s.d.) in the abdominal obese (n = 8) and 9.6 +/-
      2.4 kg in the gluteal-femoral obese women (n = 8). In abdominal obese women, body
      fat distribution became more intermediate. This change in body fat distribution
      coincided in the abdominal obese, after weight loss, with greater decreases in
      blood glucose and serum lipids than in the gluteal-femoral obese.

PMID- 3384559
TI  - Creation of a strain of genetically obese-hypertensive rats.
AB  - A strain of genetically obese-hypertensive rats (SHR-fa/fa) was created by
      transferring the fatty/fa gene of hyperlipaemic obese non-inbred rats into the
      genome of an SHR inbred strain by five successive crossings of SHR-fa+ brother
      sister matings. SHR-fa/fa rats were heavier than their SHR littermates. They
      showed a severe hypertension, their systolic arterial blood pressure being higher
      than that previously found in genetically hypertensive rats. Their blood glucose
      content was not significantly different from that of their SHR littermates but
      their plasma triglycerides were increased by more than 500 per cent. While
      obesity and hypertension occurred from the 5th week following the rat's birth,
      the increase in blood triglycerides was manifest earlier.

PMID- 3384560
TI  - Body fat topography in women with androgen excess.
AB  - The relationship between body fat distribution and androgen excess was determined
      in 168 premenopausal women of varying degrees of androgen excess. In 84 women
      with the polycystic ovary syndrome or idiopathic hirsutism, the waist:hips girth
      ratio (WHR) was 0.81 +/- 0.01 (mean +/- s.e.m.) and was significantly greater (P
      less than 0.001) than in an age- and weight-matched group of 84 non-hirsute women
      (0.77 +/- 0.01), indicating upper body fat predominance in the hirsute subjects.
      Plasma testosterone was directly correlated with the WHR (r = 0.55, P less than
      0.001) and this relationship was independent of obesity level, supporting the
      hypothesis that plasma androgens are an important determinant of body fat
      topography in premenopausal women.

PMID- 3384561
TI  - Effects of cold acclimation, cold exposure, and palatability on postprandial
      thermogenesis in rats.
AB  - Groups of rats were maintained at 24 degrees C and 4 degrees C (WA, CA). At each
      temperature one group was fed a pelleted stock diet, while another was fed in
      addition, 3 kJ of palatable food at 1-h intervals for a total of 8 h during the
      day. After 2 weeks the thermogenic response to both 3 kJ and 30 kJ of palatable
      food was determined by measuring oxygen consumption over a period of 3 h. Food
      intake revealed two phases of postprandial thermogenesis. During the initial
      cephalic phase which lasted 30 min the O2 consumption increased by about 40
      percent with both test meals and the response was comparable for WA and CA rats
      tested at the same temperature. During the subsequent gastrointestinal phase the
      response was proportional to the size of the meal and the CA rats were always
      more responsive than the WA rats specially when tested at 4 degrees C. The
      results suggest that postprandial thermogenesis during the initial cephalic phase
      is related to food palatability and that cold exposure and cold acclimation cause
      an enhanced response during the second phase of meal thermogenesis.

PMID- 3384562
TI  - Effect of slimming on metabolic and haemorheologic patterns in a group of obese
      subjects.
AB  - In order to evaluate slimming effects on certain metabolic (cholesterol,
      triglycerides, basal insulinaemia) and haemorheologic (haematocrit, fibrinogen,
      whole blood viscosity and plasma viscosity) rates, we studied 24 obese subjects
      (15 female and nine male) aged 25-58, with BMI ranging from 35.5 to 67, before
      and after a hypocaloric diet period involving a 20-kg weight loss. All subjects
      underwent blood sampling to assess: OGTT, plasma proteins, serum total
      cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, serum triglycerides, haematocrit, whole blood
      viscosity at high and low shear rate with and without correction of 45 per cent
      haematocrit, plasmatic capillary viscosity and fibrinogen level. Our study showed
      no significant changes in plasma proteins, serum HDL-cholesterol, haematocrit,
      fibrinogen and whole blood viscosity at high and low shear rate, while basal
      insulinaemia, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low shear rate corrected at 45
      per cent haematocrit blood viscosity and capillary plasmatic viscosity are
      significantly reduced. However the analysis of possible relation between the
      differences of assessed rates before and after slimming has shown no significant
      correlations. In conclusion, we can say that the slimming of very obese subjects
      improves blood and plasma viscosity, but the mechanism by which this improvement
      occurs is not the one which usually affects the determination of these rates.

PMID- 3384563
TI  - Slow brain potentials, imagery and hemispheric differences.
AB  - On the basis of Lang's (1979) theory of emotional imagery three experiments were
      conducted to investigate the relationship between slow cortical potentials (SP)
      and emotional imagery. According to the assumptions of Lang's theory and our
      model (Rockstroh et al., 1982) of SP-function imagery ability should be related
      to a person's capacity to generate and suppress preparatory activity in cortical
      networks "on demand." In order to test this hypothesis subjects in Experiment I
      were trained to regulate right- versus left-hemispheric SP-differentiation within
      an instrumental learning paradigm. Thirty-four subjects were reinforced for
      achieving maximal SP-differences between electrode locations C3-C4 over a 6 s
      interval across 120 trials. Success in the SP-regulation task correlated
      significantly (r = .37) with the capacity for vivid imagery as measured with the
      Questionnaire for Mental Imagery (QMI). In Experiment II instructions to imagine
      right- versus left-hand movements were introduced successively over 5 sessions of
      SP-self-regulation. Imagery clearly modified right- versus left-hand EMG
      differentiation but had no influence on cortical SP-differentiation. Experiment
      III tested the influence of already achieved SP-regulation at the vertex on the
      perceived vividness of emotional images introduced after the SP-biofeedback
      training. Again, clear effects of imagery content on autonomic variables (HR,
      SCR) were found. However, SP-amplitude and SP-polarity had no effect on perceived
      vividness, arousal or emotional content. It may be concluded from the results of
      Experiment II and III that SPs either are not the crucial parameter to represent
      the cortical efferent outflow component of imagery, or that the dual task of SP
      self-regulation and imagery prevented covariations to show up. Experiment I, on
      the other hand, points toward a positive relation of imagery-ability as a trait
      variable and brain-self-regulation abilities.

PMID- 3384564
TI  - Differentiation of schizophrenics and normal controls is enhanced by the Goodin
      subtraction procedure.
AB  - The P300 event-related potential as calculated by the Goodin subtraction
      procedure (P300g) combines attentive and inattentive condition waveforms in order
      to isolate components specifically related to target stimulus processing. The
      waveform was compared with the more commonly employed unsubtracted P300 waveform
      associated with attended infrequent stimuli (P300ia). The P300g produced the
      largest overall schizophrenic and control group differences in mean integrated
      amplitude compared with the P300ia. A group by scalp region interaction in the
      P300g, indicative of group topographic alterations, was also noted which was not
      present in the unsubtracted P300ia. Furthermore, the P300g pinpointed the single
      best scalp region (left temporal) for maximal group separation. This temporal
      asymmetry was found to originate in the inattentive condition waveforms,
      indicating a possible abnormality in "nonvoluntary" processing. We conclude that
      combining attentive and inattentive condition waveforms to form the P300g
      enhanced clinically relevant group differences between schizophrenics and normals
      compared with the P300ia.

PMID- 3384565
TI  - Pattern ERGs and VEP topography evoked by lateral eccentric pattern reversal
      stimulation.
AB  - In ten healthy subjects we recorded simultaneously pattern-ERGs and multichannel
      VEPs evoked by checkerboard reversal stimuli presented in the center, and at
      three different locations on the nasal and temporal retina. In the near periphery
      significantly larger pattern-ERG amplitudes were found for the nasal retina.
      Farther out in the periphery this effect reversed, and stimuli presented to the
      temporal retina yielded larger pattern-ERG amplitudes. Component latencies showed
      also differences with larger latencies for nasal than temporal retinal stimuli in
      the near periphery. In addition, pattern-ERG amplitudes increased with check size
      while peak latencies decreased. Retinal stimulus location had a significant
      influence on the VEP topography reflected by potential distributions lateralized
      over occipital scalp areas contralateral to the hemiretina stimulated. There were
      no differences between VEP activity evoked by nasal or temporal retinal stimuli.
      The results relate to differences in local retinal organization reflected by the
      distribution of photoreceptors and other neural elements across the retina as
      well as to functional differences in visual information processing between
      different retinal areas.

PMID- 3384566
TI  - Changes of cortical and caudatal unit activity accompanying operant slowing of
      the extension phase of reaching in rats.
AB  - Activity of neurons in the motor cortex (n = 36) and caudate nucleus (n = 72) was
      studied in 7 rats trained to slow down reaching into a narrow horizontal tube
      equipped with an axially moving piston. Overtrained rats succeeded in obtaining
      reward by reducing extension velocity of 30 to 60% reaches below 50% of the
      normal value. The difficulty of the task was reflected in the amplitude of
      perireach histograms which showed peaks and troughs corresponding to the main
      phases of the movement. Perireach distributions of excitatory and inhibitory unit
      reactions were similar in the contralateral motor cortex and caudate nucleus of
      trained rats, but the inhibitory responses started later and were shorter lasting
      than during standard reaching in naive animals. It is suggested that the task
      requires tight cortical control of the postural and local movement components
      manifested by synchronous activation of caudatal and cortical neuronal
      populations.

PMID- 3384567
TI  - The psychophysiology of brain asymmetry. Symposium at the 26th annual meeting of
      the Society for Psychophysiological Research. Montreal, October 1986.
      Proceedings.

PMID- 3384568
TI  - Cardiovascular asymmetries and cardiac perception.
AB  - Two strategies for evaluating the lateral specificity of cardiac sensory
      innervation were reviewed: (1) electrophysiological recording of cardiac-relevant
      cortical activity; and (2) behavioral assessment of right versus left differences
      in cardiac sensory perception. Electrophysiological data from two different
      laboratories suggest strongly that there is a link between cardiac events and
      cortical response to stimulation, but only for the right hemisphere. Two
      experiments from our laboratory suggest that there is a complex relationship
      among cerebral lateral preference, assessed by conjugate lateral eye movements,
      arousal, and individual differences in accuracy of self-perception of heart
      beats. The data, overall, suggest that the right hemisphere is involved
      specifically in heartbeat perception.

PMID- 3384569
TI  - What can asymmetry and laterality in EMG tell us about the face and brain?
AB  - This paper will review the use of the electromyographic (EMG) technique for
      studying asymmetry and laterality in facial behavior. My discussion will include
      several issues: (1) a review of the neurology of facial expression with respect
      to asymmetry/laterality; (2) a compendium of models of cerebral hemispheric
      participation in emotion and in facial motor control that imply asymmetry
      laterality in facial behavior; (3) a summary of facial asymmetry-laterality
      findings to date; and (4) uses and abuses of EMG techniques in inferring
      asymmetry-laterality in facial behavior. I conclude with (5) recommendations for
      future facial asymmetry-laterality research in general.

PMID- 3384570
TI  - Hemispheric differentiation and dream recall: subjective estimates of sleep and
      dreams in different handedness groups.
AB  - Previous investigations pointed to a relationship between hemispheric asymmetry
      and dream recall. Since handedness may reflect the extent to which cerebral
      organization is lateralized, it was hypothesized that differences in dream recall
      might exist between different handedness groups. A selected sample of 78 college
      students (38 right-handers, 25 left-handers, 15 mixed-handers) completed a seven
      day sleep and dream diary upon final awakening, at home. Results showed that
      significantly more dreams are recalled by females compared to males and by right
      handers compared to mixed-handers and left-handers. The latter finding is
      tentatively interpreted as due to a more direct access to aspects of oneiric
      material structured in the left hemisphere by right-handers, whose language
      centers are located in the same hemisphere. Unexplained findings of the only
      other investigation concerning handedness and sleep variables (Hicks, Pellegrini
      & Hawkins, 1979), which showed greater variability of sleep duration in mixed
      handers, were not confirmed by the present study.

PMID- 3384571
TI  - Predictors of burnout in professional and paraprofessional nurses working in
      hospitals and nursing homes.
AB  - Burnout is a phenomenon in which the cumulative effects of a stressful work
      environment gradually overwhelm the defenses of staff members, forcing them to
      psychologically withdraw. To understand the experience of professional and
      paraprofessional nurses suffering from burnout requires a close examination of
      the environments in which they function. This study examined interpersonal,
      intrapersonal and situational factors expected to contribute to the six
      dimensions of burnout among nursing staff who worked in acute care and long-term
      care health facilities. The sample included 312 professional and paraprofessional
      nurses. The following research question was explored using a series of stepwise
      multiple regression analyses: of the following variables interpersonal
      (professional exposure to patients with poor prognosis for survival, work
      relationships, informal support), intrapersonal (coping strategies, fear of
      death, comfort working with patients with poor prognosis for survival) and
      situational (personal and work demographics), which are the significant
      predictors of the six dimensions of burnout in professional and paraprofessional
      nurses? Findings revealed that work relationships and tension-releasing and
      instrumental problem-focused coping were the most powerful predictors of burnout.
      Based upon this, it was concluded that nursing burnout is both an organizational
      and a personal problem. Recommendations for practice are presented.

PMID- 3384572
TI  - Factors that predict patients' functioning following treatment for cancer.
AB  - The study assessed whether the extent of cancer patients' functioning following a
      course of radiotherapy could be predicted from the amounts of concern, emotional
      distress, social support and symptoms they had when they began the treatments and
      from the number of unanticipated experiences they had related to receiving
      radiotherapy. A sample of 79 patients, 58 with breast cancer and 21 with lung
      cancer, were interviewed at the beginning and following a course of radiotherapy.
      When their diagnosis and age were controlled statistically, the only variable
      which predicted the subject's functioning following the radiotherapy was the
      amount of emotional distress they experienced when they began the treatments. An
      examination of the extent to which the individual components of emotional
      distress contributed to the subjects' functioning revealed that the tension
      anxiety component of the emotional distress score was the best predictor of their
      functioning.

PMID- 3384573
TI  - Development of a nurse-instructor preparation program in China.
AB  - Preparation of nurses to function as instructors in schools of nursing has proved
      a continuing problem in the effort to upgrade nursing and nursing education in
      third-world nations. Development of a nurse-instructor preparation program in
      China is discussed. Methods of adapting the program to local and national needs,
      abilities and resources are described along with the use of the counterpart
      concept to assure program continuation once foreign nurse-experts are no longer
      available. Use of a Phase Model program is seen as a method of maximizing use of
      nurse-consultants while alleviating their recruitment problems and preserving the
      continuity and integrity of the program.

PMID- 3384574
TI  - Vitamin A status in Iran.

PMID- 3384575
TI  - A simulation model of psychobiosocial theory of human food-intake controls.
AB  - Over 15 years ago, a psychobiosocial theory of appetite was formulated in the
      light of experimental evidence from rats and people that appetite was suppressed
      by the flow of energy to lean body mass and that much ingestion was a learned
      response to integrated dietary, somatic and social cues. Enough was known in 1973
      about these influences on food intake and about rates of flow of energy-yielding
      substrates around the body of the rat to program a computer simulation which had
      no loose parameters. This rat model successfully predicted feeding patterns under
      a variety of normal and abnormal conditions, including the day-night meal rhythm,
      the overeating and obesity following ventromedial hypothalamic lesions, and the
      suppression of appetite by fenfluramine via slowed gastric emptying. In 1976, its
      parameter values were adjusted to those expected for an adult person having food
      freely available and a sedentary lifestyle. The output of this human model was
      remarkably realistic in meal pattern: culture appears to adapt to the
      physiological average. The predicted effect on appetite of energy released from
      adipose in proportion to the energy stored was relatively minute but very
      persistent. These old results are no less relevant now to improvement of our
      understanding of human food-intake controls and to more effective reduction and
      prevention of unhealthy overweight.

PMID- 3384576
TI  - Effect of spermine on membranolytic effect of vitamin A in rats.
AB  - The effect of spermine on membranolytic effect of vitamin A has been studied on
      mitochondrial membrane integrity by examining phospholipase A2 activity and
      membrane phospholipids. Spermine arrest the vitamin A induced activity of
      mitochondrial phospholipase A2. The function of vitamin A in vision is fairly
      well understood. Though the part that vitamin A plays in vision is of high
      significance; vitamin A deficient animal not only become blind but eventually
      die. This indicates that vitamin A plays an indispensable role in general
      metabolism. The mechanism of absorption, transport and storage of vitamin A have
      been intensively studied [1, 8, 9]. Administration of vitamin A in large doses
      for prolonged periods is found to be toxic. This toxicity is termed as
      hypervitaminosis A. Excess of vitamin A to animals have been found to cause
      membrane labilization of various cellular organelles, e.g. mitochondria,
      lysosomes and release their contents. Alternations in membrane functions of liver
      mitochondria have also been observed in rats given excess of vitamin A.
      Polyamines have been shown to stabilize membrane structure against lysis or
      swelling for several microorganism and mammalian subcellular fractions [2, 4, 5,
      7]. The stability of mitochondrial and lysosomal membranes are in reciprocal
      relationship with the activity of endogenous phospholipases bound to these
      membranes [4, 11]. Polyamines were shown to inhibit phospholipase A2 activity of
      heart mitochondria [12]. Phospholipase A2 detaches the fatty acid from the
      position of phosphatidyl choline, and the lysolecithin formed has a detergent
      effect that can produce membrane destabilization. The mechanism of inhibition by
      polyamines appears to be related to the effect of basic proteins as phospholipase
      digestion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3384577
TI  - Effect of oxygen exposure on newborn rabbit lung and liver retinol stores.
AB  - Newborn rabbit littermates were divided randomly and placed in environments of
      21% oxygen or 70-75% oxygen for 68 hours. At that time lungs and liver were
      removed, and retinoids were measured by HPLC with methanol as the mobile phase.
      Lungs exposed to 70-75% oxygen had less retinol than controls, and livers of
      oxygen exposed animals had less retinyl palmitate and retinyl stearate than
      control animals. This effect of oxygen on newborn lung and liver retinol stores
      has not previously been reported.

PMID- 3384578
TI  - Insensitivity of dogs to the effects of nonspecific bound vitamin A in plasma.
AB  - Retinol bound to its specific carrier, the retinol-binding protein, is known to
      be the physiological way vitamin A is transported in blood. Unspecific,
      lipoprotein-bound vitamin A has so far only be reported under the condition of
      hypervitaminosis A. In this investigation vitamin A concentrations in dog plasma
      are reported (2300 ng/ml), showing for the first time a species which, under
      physiological conditions, transports most of its vitamin A in plasma as retinyl
      esters (70%) associated with lipoproteins. This phenomenon might indicate that
      dogs are less sensitive to the effects of nonspecific delivery of vitamin A than
      other species. This can open new aspects in retinoid research, especially with
      regard to hypervitaminosis A - an undesirable side effect of the beneficial use
      of retinoids in dermatology and oncology.

PMID- 3384579
TI  - Effect of soybean and casein on the vitamin A status in the rat.
AB  - With a well-balanced diet containing 1.3 mg of retinol/kg, a limited quantity of
      acid casein (10%) provokes a maximal efficiency of retinol. At a rate of 5% or
      25% of casein, the retinol efficiency is decreased and identical to that of
      soybean diets. In casein-soybean mixed diets, the variations of retinol
      efficiency are only imputable to the casein presence. With diets containing 6.5
      mg of retinol/kg, the specific effect of casein disappears.

PMID- 3384580
TI  - Vitamin A transport in plasma of ewes during late gestation and into milk during
      early lactation.
AB  - Thirty-two ewes were fed retinyl propionate equivalent to 0, 120, 1200 or 12,000
      micrograms/kg body weight from 75 d of gestation. At 11 +/- 2 d before
      parturition 2 to 4 ewes per group were given intravenously 3H-retinol. Blood was
      sampled sequentially. Following parturition, ewes were milked twice daily for 7
      days. Concentration and specific activity of vitamin A were determined in milk
      and plasma samples. Four or five exponential terms were necessary and sufficient
      to fit the labelled vitamin A disappearance from plasma with time. Calculations
      from these equations showed that retinol transport and clearance were similar to
      values observed earlier in gestation. Milk volume was unaffected by treatments.
      Milk concentration of vitamin A was correlated with intake. Concentration was
      maximal in initial milk secretions and decreased with time. Two exponentials were
      necessary and sufficient to fit the appearance of tracer vitamin A in milk. These
      curves were unaffected by treatment. Milk specific activities were approximately
      equal to corresponding plasma specific activities in ewes fed control intakes of
      vitamin A, indicating that the origin of milk vitamin A was plasma retinol
      retinol-binding protein. Appearance of tracer in milk correlated with plasma
      retinol clearance; this suggests that secretion of vitamin A from plasma into
      milk is not regulated. These findings collectively show that maternal vitamin A
      status directly determines the supply of vitamin A to the neonate.

PMID- 3384581
TI  - Influence of vitamin A form and protein nature on the retinol status in the rat.
AB  - In comparison with soybean proteins, the acid casein increases the blood and
      liver concentrations of retinol when the diet contains 1 mg of retinol/kg. The
      effect of the acid casein is more important when the vitamin A is supplied to
      rats as retinal: with the alcohol form, the amount of liver retinol is 88.7
      micrograms; with the aldehyde form, it reaches 137 micrograms.

PMID- 3384582
TI  - Serum 25-OHD, vitamin A and vitamin E concentrations in healthy Finnish and
      Floridian women.
AB  - The concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD), vitamin A and vitamin E were
      measured in serum samples of Finnish and Floridian women; the samples were
      collected in spring. The Floridians had twice as much 25-OHD in serum as the
      Finns, but the levels of the two other fat-soluble vitamins were equal. Thus, in
      Florida there is very little risk for vitamin D deficiency, and vitamin A and E
      status seems to be unaffected by differences in dietary habits.

PMID- 3384584
TI  - Influence of vitamin E on physical performance.
AB  - There are two properties of vitamin E which are leading to its use for better
      physical performance. On one side it promotes an economical energy metabolism, on
      the other side it acts as a stabilizing antioxidant in membranes. One group of 6
      high altitude mountain climbers was substituted with 2 x 200 mg dl-alpha
      tocopheryl acetate and a second of 6 were given placebos during a 10 weeks
      expedition. The influence on the synthesis of lactic acid and on the exhalation
      of pentane was investigated. After 2 weeks the anaerobic threshold (AT) was
      higher in both groups. In the course of the experiment the AT of the treatment
      group increased further whereas the AT of the control group decreased
      significantly (p less than 0.01). Pentane exhalation, considered to be a measure
      for lipid peroxidation, showed no significant change after a 4 weeks substitution
      with vitamin E in the treatment group, but in the control group the exhaled
      pentane was more than 100% higher. The difference is significant, too (p less
      than 0.01). The results of this study show that vitamin E has a beneficial effect
      on physical performance and on cell protection, at least at high altitude.

PMID- 3384583
TI  - Effect of vitamin E on oxysterol- and fatty acid hydroperoxide-induced changes of
      repair and permeability properties of cultured endothelial cell monolayers.
AB  - Oxidation products of fatty acids (fatty acid hydroperoxides) or of cholesterol
      (oxysterols) may be atherogenic by being injurious to the vascular endothelium.
      Vitamin E may protect cells against such injury by acting as an antioxidant and
      by regulating cell growth and/or repair. As indices of proliferation and
      growth/repair, synthesis of DNA [3H]thymidine incorporation) and protein
      ([3H]leucine incorporation), as affected by exposure to linoleic acid
      hydroperoxide (18:2-OOH), cholestan-3 beta, 5 alpha, 6 beta-triol (Triol), and/or
      alpha-tocopherol, was determined in confluent vascular endothelial cell cultures.
      Cell injury was assessed by measuring the passage of albumin through a cultured
      endothelial monolayer. Exposure to either Triol or 18:2-OOH significantly
      increased the rate of albumin transfer across endothelial monolayers. Prior
      enrichment with vitamin E protected endothelial cells from injury by 18:2-OOH but
      not Triol. Cell exposure to 25 microM vitamin E increased DNA synthesis compared
      with control cultures. DNA synthesis was also elevated in 18:2-OOH exposed cells,
      whereas Triol had no effect on cell replication. Prior cell exposure to vitamin E
      prevented the marked increase in DNA synthesis seen with 18:2-OOH. Protein
      synthesis was increased by 18:2-OOH, but not by Triol or vitamin E treatment.
      These results show that 1) both Triol and 18:2-OOH are cytotoxic, 2) vitamin E
      stimulates cell proliferation, 3) vitamin E protects cells against 18:2-OOH- but
      not Triol-induced cell injury (i.e., increased permeability to albumin), and 4)
      endothelial cell damage initiated by 18:2-OOH, but not Triol, stimulates
      synthesis of DNA and protein in an attempt to divide and repair the
      injury.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3384585
TI  - Newly developed model for vitamin K deficiency in germfree mice.
AB  - The mechanism of induction of vitamin K (VK) deficiency in newborn babies and
      antibiotics-treated patients has not entirely been clarified because of the
      difficulty in preparing the true VK deficient model-animals and the complication
      in an assay system for VK derivatives and of their metabolites until now.
      Germfree animal is thought to be an useful tool to establish a primary VK
      deficiency not caused by VK antagonists etc., because of the lack of their
      intestinal flora. Germfree (GF) and conventional (CV) ICR/JCL male mice, 12-13
      week-old were used in this experiment. VK deficient (K-Def), menaquinone-4 (MK-4)
      supplemented (MK-4), and VK3 (menadione) supplemented diet (K3) were fed to the
      mice in both GF and CV states. After 8 days, severe VK deficient symptoms were
      occurred only in GF-K-Def group, whereas not at all in CV-K-Def group. Both
      prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) were also
      prolonged only in GF-K-Def group. From the HPLC analysis of MK-4 content in
      liver, it was suspected that the content of MK-4 which has been thought to be an
      active form of VK was not necessarily paralleled with the degree of VK
      deficiency.

PMID- 3384586
TI  - Riboflavin status and photo-induced riboflavin binding to the proteins of the rat
      ocular lens.
AB  - The presence of radioactivity in lenses of rats injected intraperitoneally with a
      solution of tryptophan and 14C-riboflavin, irradiated during 48 hours and under
      N2 atmosphere, was detected. The excitation fluorescence spectrum (lambda
      emission = 520 nm) of the soluble lens fraction corresponds to the riboflavin
      decomposition product of lumichrome type. When 14C-riboflavin enriched lenses
      were exposed to visible light, a photo-induced binding between riboflavin and a
      water insoluble protein fraction of the lenses was observed. This finding may
      help to clarify the lens modifications during aging and in cataractogenesis.

PMID- 3384587
TI  - Vitamin B6 nutritional status in asthma: the effect of theophylline therapy on
      plasma pyridoxal-5'-phosphate and pyridoxal levels.
AB  - Plasma pyridoxal-5'-phosphate concentrations were significantly lower (p less
      than 0.001) in a group of 28 asthmatic women when compared to 33 controls. Plasma
      pyridoxal levels in the two groups were not different. Theophylline was
      administered to a group of 17 volunteers and resulted in large reductions in
      plasma pyridoxal-5'-phosphate levels, while plasma pyridoxal levels and urinary 4
      pyridoxic acid excretion were unaffected by theophylline therapy. An in vitro
      study showed that theophylline did not interfere with the high performance liquid
      chromatography assay for pyridoxal-5'-phosphate, indicating that theophylline
      could affect liver metabolism of vitamin B6.

PMID- 3384588
TI  - Vitamin B6 status of Finnish elderly. Comparison with Dutch younger adults and
      elderly. The effect of supplementation.
AB  - About 25% of Finnish and Dutch elderly appeared to be more or less deficient in
      vitamin B6 as compared to younger adults. Deficiency was observed at the cellular
      (PLP, EGOT and alpha-EGOT) as well as at the plasma level (PLP). The benefit of a
      one-year daily supplementation with 2 mg of pyridoxine-HCl was investigated at
      the biochemical and psychological level as compared to a placebo group. After one
      year, none of the supplemented elderly was deficient in biochemical terms. At the
      psychological level and at the level of general well-being, the elderly
      supplemented with vitamin B6 showed slight improvements. However, for the
      psychological variables significant correlations with the vitamin B6 parameters
      were not observed. Plasma fatty acids (e.g. gamma-linolenic acid) showed no
      correlation with the vitamin B6 status.

PMID- 3384589
TI  - Effect of cadmium on protein-ascorbate metabolism in the protein restricted rat.
AB  - Daily administration of cadmium chloride (0.3 mg/100 g of body weight)
      subcutaneously for 14 days in adult Sprague-Dawley rats led to a decrease in the
      concentration of protein and ascorbic acid in the liver, plasma and brain regions
      both in normal protein and in protein restricted dietary condition. Therefore, it
      might be presumed that the changes in protein and ascorbic acid in both the
      experimental animal groups alters the metabolic state of the brain affecting
      neuronal activity.

PMID- 3384590
TI  - Nutritional status of a group of institutionalized elderly people in Perugia
      (Italy).
AB  - In this group of institutionalized elderly people the anthropometry and body
      composition situation is much better than that observed in a noninstitutionalized
      group examined longitudinally on a previous occasion. On the other hand, as
      expected, indices of physical activity are lower. The diet is in general
      satisfactory, considering the very low physical activity of those individuals.
      Only a few foods and nutrients show marginal low intakes (fish, eggs and legumes;
      lipids, iron, thiamin and vitamin A).

PMID- 3384591
TI  - Magnesium and nitrogen metabolism in lambs fed or abomasally infused with a high
      level of potassium.
AB  - Nine wether lambs fitted with abomasal cannulae were used in a 15 d experiment to
      study the effect of site and level of K administration on utilization of N and
      Mg. Treatments consisted of a control (CO) and 21.9 g K/d as feed grade KCl,
      either included in the diet (DK) or infused into the abomasum (AK). Nitrogen
      digestion and balance were not affected (P greater than .10) by treatment.
      Magnesium absorption tended (P greater than .10) to be reduced by high K but was
      not affected (P greater than .10) by site of K administration. Urinary Mg and Mg
      balance were not affected (P greater than .10) by treatment. Although plasma Mg
      concentrations were lower (P less than .10) in DK than AK, K level did not affect
      (P greater than .10) plasma Mg. Neither level nor site of K administration
      affected (P greater than .10) plasma insulin or glucose. These data suggest that
      the effects of high K intake on Mg utilization may involve both ruminal and
      intestinal influences.

PMID- 3384592
TI  - Effect of selenium supplementation on the distribution of selenium in plasma
      proteins of healthy subjects.
AB  - The influence of an increased intake of selenium on the distribution of this
      element among plasma proteins was studied. 200 micrograms of yeast selenium was
      given to healthy subjects daily for 8 weeks, and then the subjects refrained from
      selenium supplementation for 16 weeks. Plasma selenium increased almost two-fold
      during supplementation, and most of the increase occurred during the first 4-week
      period. Plasma glutathione peroxidase activity increased only marginally. At all
      times studied, most of the selenium in plasma was located in proteins, migrating
      close to immunoglobulin G on gel filtration. The selenium content of this
      fraction was only moderately increased after supplementation for 8 weeks, and
      instead more marked increases occurred in the regions for high-molecular-weight
      proteins and albumin. This change implied that the distribution of selenium
      approached that of total protein, and we therefore conclude that most of the
      increase in plasma selenium occurred via unspecific incorporation of selenium
      into a wide variety of proteins. Sixteen weeks after the end of supplementation
      the selenium distribution had essentially returned to that before
      supplementation.

PMID- 3384593
TI  - ICN and WHO: a history of mutual cooperation and action.
AB  - Groundwork for cooperation between the International Council of Nurses (ICN), a
      nongovernmental organization, and the World Health Organization (WHO) actually
      started a year before WHO became a reality. At the Ninth ICN Congress in Atlantic
      City (USA) in 1947, Dr Brock Chisholm, then executive secretary of WHO's Interim
      Commission, prophesied that ICN would play an important future role in improving
      international health and urged that plans be formulated as to how the two
      organizations could best work together. When ICN began its "official
      relationship" with WHO in 1948, it pledged support of WHO's objectives and
      activities worldwide, which has continued unabated to the present day.

PMID- 3384594
TI  - WHO's role in the development of nursing in the African region.
AB  - Over the past 20 years WHO has contributed tremendously to the development and
      progress of the nursing profession in Africa. Its biggest achievement has been in
      upgrading the varied and inconsistent nursing education and training programmes
      introduced prior to 1953 during the colonial period. Then there were no
      independent states. The British controlled most of eastern and southern Africa
      and some countries in the west, while the French ruled over most of the colonies
      in western Africa.

PMID- 3384595
TI  - ICN's relationship with WHO: a view from Europe.

PMID- 3384596
TI  - WHO's contributions to nursing: reflections from the field.
AB  - Since 1948 WHO has initiated nursing programmes in countries worldwide, the
      strategy used naturally varying according to the needs of the region or country.
      Since that time nurses of every nationality have worked with WHO on these
      programmes in various capacities-as a member of staff, special advisor,
      consultant and/or programme participant. Many of these nurses-particularly those
      with long-standing association with WHO-have seen firsthand the difference its
      work has made in their regions or countries. Their opinions are valuable because
      they can judge the shortcomings and offer the needed advice as to the direction
      of future strategies. Below, INR gives the opinions of several of these nurse
      leaders, who kindly responded to its questions.

PMID- 3384597
TI  - Worldwide nursing unity: building a powerhouse for change.
AB  - The advent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has reminded health care
      providers worldwide that disease and ill health recognize no borders, that we are
      vulnerable and that we must maintain constant vigilance in health all over the
      world. It has also stimulated some of the best international cooperation in
      medicine and nursing that I can remember, the lessons from which I hope we will
      apply in other areas. In our different countries, we celebrate the different
      cultural, political and economic systems, but I am not certain we should
      celebrate the difference in standards of health that exist in the world today. I
      believe that nursing has a duty to all humanity regardless of borders, legal
      systems and economic and political differences. However, I believe that there are
      danger signs in the international nursing environment at the moment.

PMID- 3384598
TI  - Some psycho-social aspects of old people living outside their families in Kuwait.
AB  - One hundred and ninety four elderly subjects were studied, 133 of whom were
      living away from their families, in the only old people's home and in the only
      psychiatric hospital in Kuwait. They were compared to 61 consecutive elderly
      subjects attending a psychiatric out-patient clinic. Psychiatric, social and
      clinical characteristics of subjects admitted and those living with their
      families were analysed and related to recent socioeconomic changes and conditions
      prevailing in Kuwait. Higher admission rates were significantly related to female
      sex, the widowed and single status and Kuwaiti and Bedouin nationalities. Low
      income or housing problems, poor relationships to their families and/or
      relatives, absence of an interested family member, a small number of own
      children, referral by family members on account of disabilities, organic brain
      syndromes or chronic psychiatric disorder was also associated with higher
      admission rates. Sixty four percent of the residents of the old people's home had
      psychiatric illnesses in spite of the official policy of excluding the mentally
      ill from admission. Some of the above mentioned characteristics were similar to
      findings in other countries, but others e.g. the role of nationality and location
      of residence in admission to institutions were different. Planning social and
      medical services in Kuwait should take these findings into account.

PMID- 3384599
TI  - Determinants of emergency room visits for psychological problems in a general
      hospital.
AB  - Determinants of emergency room visits for psychological reasons were studied
      prospectively for a four month period in an Indian General Hospital. Psychiatric
      emergencies constituted only 2% of all emergency visits. Most of the patients
      were new except for 7.4% who were already registered with the outpatient services
      of the psychiatry department. Males outnumbered females in a ratio of 2:1. Self
      referrals constituted 77% of the samples; 21% of patients were brought by police.
      Two-thirds of the patients were brought owing to the severity of their clinical
      condition and the rest, one-third, for medico-legal and social reasons.
      Approximately 80% of the patients sought consultation within one month of the
      onset of illness episode. First episode of mental illness was within last one
      year of the emergency room visit in 60% patients. Past history of hospitalization
      for mental illness was obtained only in 10% of cases. The pattern suggested that
      there was no misuse of emergency services by psychiatric patients although 20% of
      the patients presented with social problems only which required social rather
      than psychiatric intervention.

PMID- 3384600
TI  - Tertiary care psychiatry in Zaire: DSM-III in the developing world.
AB  - In this sample of eighty consecutive admissions to the Centre-Neuro-Psycho
      Pathologique (CNPP) of Kinshasa, 81% were given a DSM-III diagnosis. This
      demonstrates that the DSM-III is a useful tool for psychiatric research in
      developing sub-saharan Africa. Schizophrenia, schizophreniform psychoses, and
      affective disorders appeared in their familiar forms. Zairois patients tended to
      present with complaints of insomnia, agitation and pressured speech. The most
      striking observations were the relative paucity of depressed mood, self-reproach,
      and suicidal ideation in patients with major depression. Four cases of acute
      transient psychosis were noted.

PMID- 3384601
TI  - No-shows at a community mental health clinic: a pilot study.
AB  - Potential patients who do not show up for their first appointments at a mental
      health clinic represent a puzzling and important phenomenon. When the setting, as
      in this study, is a multi-ethnic community, the psychosocial determinants for
      such behaviour are complex indeed. The author presents preliminary data relating
      clinic no-show rate to the variables of age, sex, presenting problem, and
      referral source. From the patterns which emerge from the data, certain possible
      explanations and tentative hypotheses are discussed in relation to previous
      reports in the literature. Some practical, clinical implications of these
      findings are considered. The results of this pilot project indicate some
      directions for future investigation in this area.

PMID- 3384602
TI  - Attitudes toward homosexuality: a cross cultural analysis of predictors.
AB  - An accepting attitude toward homosexuality was studied in Spain, England, and
      Germany using samples of 2160, 1167, and 1296 respectively rendering a total
      sample size of 4623. A multiple regression analysis was used to demonstrate that
      approval of homosexuality could be predicted from basic demographics, family
      background, religious and political values. A causal model is introduced with
      demographic and family variables thought to first influence religion and
      political values and that these values would then directly impact on the
      acceptance of the belief that homosexuality can be justified.

PMID- 3384603
TI  - Attitudes towards epilepsy in general practice.
AB  - Little is known about the attitudes of general practitioners (GPs) towards
      epilepsy or of the attitudes they attribute to laypersons. Postal questionnaires
      returned by 50 GPs permitted an analysis of the main sources of their knowledge
      of epilepsy, the role of GPs in treating patients with epilepsy, the
      personalities and behaviour of people with epilepsy, and the psychological and
      social consequences of having epilepsy. The results were compared with a recent
      Australian survey and the implications for care discussed.

PMID- 3384604
TI  - Psychiatric admissions for alcoholism, neuroses and schizophrenia in rural and
      urban Ireland.
AB  - A comparison of psychiatric admissions (1978-1980), from two Irish representative
      rural and urban communities, indicated no significant intercommunity difference
      in incidence rates for alcoholism and schizophrenia but significantly higher
      urban first admissions for neuroses. Total admissions data indicated
      significantly higher urban readmission rates for alcoholism and neuroses. In
      contrast to earlier research, readmission rates for schizophrenia were equivalent
      in the rural and urban community. Several methodological issues were examined to
      clarify this divergent finding. A demographic comparison indicated rural
      schizophrenics were admitted at a later age and were more frequently readmitted.
      The implications of these findings and directions for future research on hospital
      utilization were discussed.

PMID- 3384605
TI  - Four culture-bound psychiatric syndromes in India.
AB  - This paper describes four culture-bound psychiatric syndromes seen in India. It
      highlights their phenomenology and briefly comments upon the socio-cultural
      correlates of such symptom constellations.

PMID- 3384606
TI  - Ureterorenoscopy: a new approach in the diagnosis and treatment of upper urinary
      tract disorders.
AB  - Endoscopy is a well-established method of diagnosing and treating lower urinary
      tract disorders. Developments in the optical quality and manufacture of more
      precise instruments now also makes inspection of the upper urinary tract
      possible. Today, ureteric stones can easily be dealt with by non-operative
      measures with the use of operating ureterorenoscope. Diagnosis and treatment of
      other pathological conditions of the upper urinary tract are also possible. It is
      also the best way of assessing ureteric and renal pelvic tumours.

PMID- 3384607
TI  - Prognostic factors in renal cell carcinoma.
AB  - Various prognostic factors were retrospectively studied in 81 patients with renal
      cell carcinoma. Among 16 studied variables 3 were statistically strongly
      associated with survival. These were clinical stage, tumour cell type and
      histopathological grade. Some other variables were statistically associated with
      survival, e.g. tumour size, palpable mass, sedimentation rate and haemoglobin
      value. In patients surviving more than 10 years, the majority of tumours (28/35)
      were confined within the renal capsule. Tumours spreading outside the renal
      capsule dominated in patients who survived less than 10 years (32/46). Patients
      with renal vein involvement only had longer survival times than those with other
      local spread.

PMID- 3384608
TI  - The so-called Hoffman's lymphangitis of the penis: is it a lymphangitis or a
      phlebitis?
AB  - Hoffman's plastic lymphangitis of the penis is a benign, uncommon entity whose
      aetiology is still unknown. Microscopically there is a fibrous thickening of the
      involved lymph vessels but the primary localization of the lesion--lymphatic or
      venous--is still debated. Anatomo-clinical and histological findings suggest a
      primary involvement of the lymphatic system of the penis, probably related to a
      prolonged period of sexual excitement.

PMID- 3384609
TI  - Testicular hydrocele treated by bismuth phosphate injection.
AB  - Thirty-eight testicular hydroceles were treated by injection with 0.2-0.4 g of
      bismuth phosphate. The follow-up was completed in 32 cases, 17 (53%) of which
      showed complete regression although one patient had to wait 24 months for full
      regression. Eight patients (25%) showed clinical improvement and one patient (3%)
      had residual scrotal tenderness after otherwise successful treatment. Six
      patients (19%) did not improve and were treated surgically. The method may
      present an alternative to surgery in elderly patients with testicular hydrocele.

PMID- 3384610
TI  - Circumcision with the Plastibell device. A long-term follow-up.
AB  - Indications for operation, immediate postoperative morbidity and complications
      were recorded in 43 patients circumcised with the Plastibell device.
      Questionnaires were used in recording late postoperative morbidity and
      complications during the mean observation period of 29 months, and were followed
      by a clinical and cosmetic assessment. No serious complications were encountered.
      Compared to classical dissection techniques, dysuria is a prominent feature using
      the Plastibell device. The Plastibell method leaves a varying amount of foreskin
      intact, which could well explain why meatal ulcers/stenosis are not seen when
      employing this method. In areas with low hygienic standards we cannot recommend
      the method since the ability of retaining smegma must still be present. Used on
      medical grounds, the method is preferable, as it leaves some of the foreskin
      intact and is quick and simple to perform.

PMID- 3384611
TI  - Further experience with one-stage repair of severe hypospadias and scrotal
      transposition. Modifications in the technique and its result in eight cases.
AB  - Further experience with one-stage repair of severe hypospadias and scrotal
      transposition performed in eight patients is reported. Primary success was
      obtained in six, while one patient was cured by secondary repair. While
      describing the operative technique with some modifications it was reassured that
      our parameatal preputial flap is a well vascularized one which can safely and
      easily be constructed into a neourethra. Advantages of improved
      "glanulomeatoplasty" and scrotoplasty are also discussed. The method is
      recommended as highly successful to attain excellent functional and cosmetic
      results in one stage for severe hypospadias.

PMID- 3384612
TI  - Methodology of functional studies in nephrologic clinic.
AB  - Authors have worked out the methodology of functional diagnosis in nephrologic
      clinic--strategy, tactics and individual programme--on the basis of their own
      experience. The strategy is based on the natural functions of excretory and
      incretory renal function and quantitative and qualitative characteristics of
      indices. The tactics is based on the natural functions of evolution of renal
      diseases and probable exogenic and endogenic influences. The individual program
      involves standardization of conditions, complex usage of methods and integration
      of the results obtained. The interrelation between the methodologic foundations
      and their components is presented.

PMID- 3384613
TI  - Improved imaging diagnosis by sequentially combined confidence judgments.
AB  - Consultation among radiologists improves diagnostic efficacy. However, it is
      unclear in practice when consultation is indicated, and consultation may be
      logistically difficult. We present a computerized method of noninteractive
      consultation that supersedes these problems, using radiograph readers' confidence
      judgments in their decisions. Individual categorical confidence judgments of
      excretory urogram diagnoses were transformed into diagnostic probabilities, then
      combined sequentially by computer simulation with other radiologists'
      probabilities until sufficient group confidence was achieved. Appropriate
      stopping rules were defined empirically. Analysis of cost effectiveness of this
      model--considering the cost of sequential interpretations and a range of costs
      for false-positive and false-negative errors--indicates that mathematically
      combined sequential decisions are more efficacious and less costly than
      individuals interpreting urograms alone.

PMID- 3384614
TI  - Measurement of regional myocardial blood flow in dogs by ultrafast CT.
AB  - We measured blood flow within each of eight segments of the left ventricular
      myocardium in dogs by an Ultrafast CT scanner. The results were compared with
      flow determined by radiolabeled microspheres. Computed tomography (CT) flow was
      measured by an intravenous injection of nonionic contrast agent done
      simultaneously with the left atrial injection of microspheres. We calculated flow
      from the CT data by obtaining CT number versus time curves for regions of
      interest in the myocardium and by using a formula that related flow to both the
      time and value of the peak enhancement. Measurements were obtained in five dogs
      at rest and during hyperperfusion induced by chromonar. Based on 169 regional
      measurements, the Ultrafast CT and microsphere-determined flows correlated
      moderately (r = 0.68) over a range of 0.4 to 8 mL/min/g. However, when the data
      were divided into resting and hyperperfusion (ie, 20 to 30 minutes after the
      injection of the chromonar) states, a significant (P less than .001) increase in
      regional flow was determined from the CT measurements. The conclusion was that
      Ultrafast CT can distinguish between low and high myocardial flow states in dogs
      and has considerable potential for evaluating coronary flow reserve.

PMID- 3384615
TI  - Hyperinflation of the lungs in infants with large left-to-right shunts.
AB  - Infants with significant left-to-right shunts due to ventricular septal defects
      and atrioventricular canal defects commonly present with respiratory symptoms,
      such as shortness of breath while feeding, tachypnea, and wheezing. Radiographs
      show hyperinflated lungs as well as cardiomegaly and increased vascularity.
      Enlarged vessels adjacent to small compressible airways as well as peribronchial
      interstitial edema may cause diffuse air trapping. In this study, using an
      automated planimetric device, we measured the total thoracic, cardiomediastinal,
      and lung volumes in a group of patients with large left-to-right shunts as well
      as in a group of normal controls and found that, as expected, all volumes were
      significantly increased in the abnormal group. We also tried to correlate these
      volumes (corrected for patient size) with the degree of left-to-right shunt and
      found that there was no significant correlation between the cardiac or lung
      volumes and shunt size as estimated by cardiac catheterization.

PMID- 3384616
TI  - Detection of tumors with 19F magnetic resonance imaging.
AB  - Previous 19F magnetic resonance imaging studies showed that the
      reticuloendothelial system can be imaged with an emulsion of perfluorooctyl
      bromide (PFOB). Similar techniques can be used to detect previously implanted RIF
      1 tumors in mice after intravenous PFOB administration. Accumulation of PFOB
      within these neoplasms is due to egress of the emulsion through tumor capillary
      fenestrations. This is the first report in which 19F MRI and PFOB are used to
      detect tumors. This technique may allow clinical detection of cancer with 19F
      MRI.

PMID- 3384617
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging of skeletal muscle. Prolongation of T1 and T2
      subsequent to denervation.
AB  - The changes seen in the T1 and T2 relaxation times, water content and size of the
      extracellular fluid spaces of rat muscle samples following 15 days of denervation
      were studied by in vitro proton NMR spectrometry (10 MHz). Two different skeletal
      muscle groups (gastrocnemius and soleus) were studied. Denervation led to longer
      T1 values: 548 +/- 61 msec vs. 486 +/- 16 msec (P less than .05) for the
      gastrocnemius and 581 +/- 27 msec vs. 521 +/- 25 msec (P less than .05) for the
      soleus. Similar increases in T2 were measured. The sizes of the extracellular
      fluid spaces of denervated muscle were significantly larger despite a minor
      increase in total water content. Overall, the relaxation times of skeletal muscle
      correlated better with the size of the extracellular fluid space than with the
      total water content.

PMID- 3384618
TI  - Diatrizoate levels in cerebrospinal fluid following intravenous administration.
      Role of fluid production rate.
AB  - The central nervous system (CNS) may be highly susceptible to the toxic effects
      of conventional contrast media (CM). The current study quantifies levels of
      diatrizoate in canine cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) following intravenous
      administration and examines how these levels change as CSF production rate is
      reduced. Cerebrospinal fluid was collected continuously from the cisterna magna
      of anesthetized dogs before and after the administration of diatrizoate (1 mL/kg
      bolus followed by a 12.5 microliters/kg/minute maintenance infusion, IV). The
      influence of CSF production rate on CSF diatrizoate levels was examined by
      injecting acetazolamide (30 mg/kg, IV). Diatrizoate levels in CSF were quantified
      by a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Baseline CSF
      production was 81.5 microliters/minute and dropped to 37.4 microliters/minute
      following diatrizoate and to 29.5 microliters/minute following acetazolamide. The
      concentration of diatrizoate in CSF averaged 166 micrograms/mL and increased
      significantly to 379 micrograms/mL following acetazolamide with no change in
      serum concentration (1.3 mg/mL). These experimental results suggest that
      appreciable quantities of intravenously administered diatrizoate may enter the
      CNS, and that these quantities may increase significantly with reduced CSF
      production. This may help to explain CSF enhancement and certain CNS toxicity
      after the intravenous administration of CM.

PMID- 3384619
TI  - Interactions of paramagnetic contrast agents and the spin echo pulse sequence.
AB  - The theoretical equations for paramagnetic contrast agent effects and the spin
      echo pulse sequence are combined to graph magnetic resonance (MR) intensity as a
      function of paramagnetic contrast agent concentration for various tissues.
      Analysis of the graphs and equations demonstrate several technical and clinical
      implications. These include: (1) positive enhancement is most likely to occur
      with short TEs and TRs; (2) changes in machine parameters TE and TR will change
      the concentration of agent at which the peak enhancing MR intensity will occur;
      (3) there is an absolute maximum MR intensity that can be reached with contrast
      enhancement; (4) the maximum MR intensity reached with enhancement is dependent
      on the tissues' T2 and, to a lesser degree, T1 relaxation times; (5) certain TE
      and TR combinations will cause no enhancement; (6) if positive enhancement does
      occur, it will usually occur only over a limited range of agent concentration;
      and (7) the tissues' T1 relaxation time but not its T2 time determines whether
      positive enhancement will occur and the relative amount of enhancement.

PMID- 3384620
TI  - Cytogenetic interactions of contrast media and antineoplastic drugs.
AB  - The cytogenetic interactions of ionic (diatrizoate, ioxaglate) and nonionic
      (iohexol) contrast media (CM) with antineoplastic drugs cyclophosphamide (CPA)
      and carmustine (CARM) were evaluated in a rat bone marrow cell model. Male Wistar
      rats were anesthetized with a 6% chloral hydrate solution and divided into five
      groups of five rats each. In protocol 1, three groups of rats received
      diatrizoate, ioxaglate, and iohexol (2.5 mL/kg) intravenously within 30 seconds.
      The remaining two groups were similarly injected with CPA and CARM (10 mg/kg).
      Control animals were injected with nonpyrogenic sterile water or saline solution.
      After 12 and 24 hours, the animals were killed with an overdose of chloral
      hydrate, and bone marrow smears were prepared for determining chromosomal damage
      in polychromatic erythrocytes (PCEs) by a micronucleus test. In protocol 2, CPA
      and CARM were injected, and 15 minutes later, bolus injections of diatrizoate,
      ioxaglate and iohexol were given through the same route. Both ionic and nonionic
      CM induced significant numbers of micronuclei in PCEs (P less than .05). CPA
      caused a severe cytogenetic effect, whereas CARM did not produce a significant
      number of micronuclei in PCEs compared with control. In protocol 2 experiments,
      antagonism with CPA and synergism with CARM was demonstrable. Clinical
      implication of the cytogenetic interactions between CM and antineoplastic drugs
      remains to be established.

PMID- 3384621
TI  - Person-machine systems for image-based diagnosis.

PMID- 3384622
TI  - Nonproductive cough and lung mass.

PMID- 3384623
TI  - Issues for negotiation by prospective chairmen of academic radiology departments.

PMID- 3384624
TI  - Ethical dilemmas in reproductive medicine.

PMID- 3384625
TI  - Small-bowel disease: categorization by CT examination.

PMID- 3384626
TI  - Expectations vs. reality: young physicians speak out.

PMID- 3384627
TI  - Human pulmonary dirofilariasis.

PMID- 3384628
TI  - Service coding: the RVS method.

PMID- 3384629
TI  - Evaluation of human adenoviruses 38, 39, 40, and 41 as new serotypes.
AB  - Four new serotypes of human adenovirus (Ad38-41) have been described in recent
      literature. We conducted a thorough evaluation of the prototype strains of these
      types by preparing rabbit and horse antisera to them and performing reciprocal
      neutralization and hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) tests with all 41 prototype
      viruses and antisera. Types 38 and 39 are in subgenus D, share hemagglutinins
      with Ad13 and each other in three-way HI tests, and have been rarely encountered
      thus far; types 40 and 41 are in subgenus F, are related to each other by serum
      neutralization and HI tests, and are well-established agents of acute
      gastroenteritis in infants. All four prototype strains meet the accepted criteria
      for new serotypes, although special mention is made of the serologic relationship
      between Ad40 and 41. The horse antisera have stable titers and can serve as
      international reference reagents for these viruses.

PMID- 3384630
TI  - Differences in the susceptibility of human blood cell lines to vaccinia virus.
AB  - The replication of vaccinia virus in human hematopoietic cell lines was studied,
      to ascertain whether the cell type and the stage of differentiation can influence
      the outcome of the infection. Lymphocytic NB104 cells and myelogenous leukemic
      K562 cells can be productively infected with vaccinia. Whereas NB104 cells were
      readily lysed, cells from the K562 line stayed persistently infected. Infection
      of promyelocytic leukemia HL60 cells results in an abortive infection in which
      the virus is uncoated, does not replicate, remains latent and can be rescued by
      cocultivation with permissive cells. Upon addition of phorbol esters to HL60 cell
      cultures, viral replication resumed. These results suggests that, although
      vaccinia virus replication is almost independent of host-specific functions, the
      outcome of the infection may depend on the cell type and its stage of
      differentiation.

PMID- 3384631
TI  - Intracellular development of choleraphage phi 149 under permissive and
      nonpermissive conditions: an electron microscopic study.
AB  - Intracellular development of choleraphage phi 149 following infection of Vibrio
      cholerae and Vibrio eltor cells under different conditions was examined by thin
      section electron microscopy. Degradation of the host DNA following infection and
      formation of mature phage particles inside the infected cells were demonstrated.
      The concatemeric DNA intermediate formed during intracellular replication of phi
      149 DNA in permissive hosts was resolved. In confirmation of biochemical
      evidence, no concatemeric DNA intermediate was observed for infection in high
      phosphate medium.

PMID- 3384632
TI  - Surgical audit: the value of a morbidity and mortality conference.

PMID- 3384633
TI  - AIDS risk in Irish homosexual men associated with other sexually transmitted
      diseases.

PMID- 3384634
TI  - Alopecia as a presenting complaint in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with hair regrowth
      on chemotherapy.

PMID- 3384635
TI  - Audit in medical practice.

PMID- 3384636
TI  - Ferritin H and L mRNAs in human neoplastic tissues.
AB  - The typical tissue isoferritin pattern varies during neoplastic transformation,
      usually shifting toward a more acidic profile. To investigate the molecular basis
      of this phenomenon, we have analyzed the steady-state levels of the H and L mRNAs
      in several neoplastic tissues. By using specific probes for the two ferritin
      subunits, we have found, in three different adenocarcinomas and in a case of
      Hodgkin lymphoma, a two- to four-fold increase of the H and L mRNA levels
      compared to those found in normal human liver.

PMID- 3384637
TI  - Abstracts of papers presented at the meeting of the Toscana-Umbria-Marche Group
      of the Italian Biochemical Society. April 23, 1987, Siena.

PMID- 3384638
TI  - A reprise on referrals.

PMID- 3384639
TI  - Re: Editorial "sudden death".

PMID- 3384640
TI  - Indiana "mild" medical malpractice climate.

PMID- 3384641
TI  - The medical "overutilizer".

PMID- 3384642
TI  - Emergency treatment of the neuroleptic malignant syndrome.

PMID- 3384643
TI  - Headache after closed head injury in children.

PMID- 3384644
TI  - EEG spectral analysis and time domain descriptors in headache.

PMID- 3384645
TI  - Brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) in childhood migraine.

PMID- 3384646
TI  - Cluster headache like symptoms due to sinusitis: evidence for neuronal
      pathogenesis of cluster headache syndrome.

PMID- 3384647
TI  - A replicative investigation of the reliability of the MMPI in the classification
      of chronic headaches.

PMID- 3384648
TI  - Problems in studying menstrual headaches.

PMID- 3384649
TI  - EMG in the assessment of headache.

PMID- 3384650
TI  - Exercise for prophylaxis of migraine.

PMID- 3384651
TI  - Headache and head injury ... post hoc, or propter hoc?

PMID- 3384652
TI  - Macrodynamic trends in health care: a distribution and retailing perspective.
AB  - Recent macrodynamic developments have created a turbulent health care
      environment. A distribution and retailing perspective can provide related
      knowledge and experience for health care providers

PMID- 3384653
TI  - HCA's acquisition process: the physician's role and perspective.
AB  - Physicians play an active role in the acquisition process. A study of acquisition
      impact showed that postacquisition, medical staffs grew and became more
      specialized and board certified. Greatest physician satisfaction was with the
      overall facility, medical equipment, and administrative responsiveness.

PMID- 3384654
TI  - Outcome marketing in health care.
AB  - Monitoring outcomes of health care encounters can improve marketing efforts by
      addressing specific consumer needs.

PMID- 3384655
TI  - The effects of patient care unit organization on nursing turnover.
AB  - Turnover among hospital nurses has traditionally been explained in terms of
      personal attributes of the nurse and extrinsic rewards such as pay and fringe
      benefits. However, turnover and its determinants may be viewed in the context of
      a structural model, operating primarily at the level of the hospital patient care
      unit. Four sets of organizational variables were analyzed to assess their
      independent and combined effects on nursing turnover rates in hospitals.

PMID- 3384656
TI  - Corporate diversification: expectations and outcomes.
AB  - A review of the research concerning the diversification experience of firms in
      other industries shows that expectations of higher profit rates and lower risk
      are not entirely realistic. However, there are many ways in which the probability
      of financially successful diversification may be increased.

PMID- 3384657
TI  - Employee assistance programs in the hospital industry.
AB  - The health care literature describes the industry's need for employee assistance
      programs (EAPs). New research results show the degree to which EAPs are used in
      the industry and ways to determine their success.

PMID- 3384658
TI  - The 1990s: just around the corner. Interview by Montague Brown.

PMID- 3384659
TI  - Art and the hospital environment.
AB  - Forward-looking administrators can improve their hospital environment and support
      patient care through a bold new experience in hospital art.

PMID- 3384660
TI  - [Adjuvant chemotherapy of malignant melanoma with DTIC. Lack of effect in stage
      I. Possible improvement of the prognosis for survival in stage IIb].
AB  - Out of more than 600 melanoma patients on whom records have been kept in the
      clinical registry of our department since 1969, 153 were treated by adjuvant
      chemotherapy with dacarbazine from 1977 to 1984. In 50 patients treatment was
      discontinued after 1-3 cycles of chemotherapy; all of the others underwent 4 or
      more cycles. From the latter group (n = 103) patients with the primary tumour
      alone (stage I) or with macroscopic nodal involvement of one region (stage IIb)
      were selected for evaluation. In stage I the overall survival rates were
      significantly better in 143 untreated controls than in 72 patients treated with
      dacarbazine; no significant differences were found for disease-free intervals. In
      the treated group the major prognostic factors were more significant (tumour
      thickness, localization, sex). Statistical analysis of 26 matched pairs
      corresponding in respect to tumour thickness, sex and anatomical site of the
      primary tumour revealed no significant differences in survival rates or disease
      free intervals. Also, no difference was found when 23 patients with thick tumours
      (greater than or equal to 3 mm) adjuvantly treated with dacarbazine were compared
      with an untreated control group of 48 patients. In stage IIb 26 patients were
      treated and were compared with 64 untreated controls; they seemed to benefit from
      DTIC chemotherapy, showing a 5-year survival rate of 40% versus 18% for the
      untreated control group (P = 0.028).

PMID- 3384661
TI  - [Histopathology of oral "hairy" leukoplakia].
AB  - We studied biopsy specimens from ten male Caucasian patients with oral "hairy"
      leukoplakia. All patients either had the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
      (AIDS) or showed symptoms of the AIDS related complex (ARC). On the basis of the
      specimens studied, we describe the histopathological features of this new entity
      and discuss the already established criteria. Histopathologically, "oral hairy
      leukoplakia" is characterized by a prominent confluent parakeratotic cornified
      layer, a subcorneal horizontal bandlike array of large ballooned epithelial cells
      with pale eosinophilic cytoplasm and a clear perunuclear halo. PAS staining
      revealed hyphae in two of the ten biopsies. The histopathological changes seen in
      oral "hairy" leukoplakia are characteristic, but not specific. Thus they must be
      differentiated from a variety of histologically similar looking dermatoses of the
      oral cavity.

PMID- 3384662
TI  - [Facial granuloma. On the clinic-histologic extent of variations of finding in 5
      patients].
AB  - The clinical and histopathological findings are presented in five patients with
      granuloma faciale. The lesions most often occur on the face and are characterized
      by single or multiple soft, elevated, well-circumscribed nodules or plaques
      ranging in color from reddish purple to brown. The sites most commonly affected
      are the nose, temple, checks and forehead. The etiology of granuloma faciale is
      unknown. The condition is extremely persistent and may last for many years.
      Histologically, a narrow zone of uninvolved dermis is usually observed between
      the epidermis and the dermal, dense, polymorphous infiltrate at all levels of the
      corium. The infiltrate is usually diffuse or shows a nodular perivascular
      pattern, consisting of lymphocytes, plasma cells, neutrophils and histiocytes
      together with a varying number of eosinophils. In older lesions the formation of
      the fibrous tissue may be seen, accompanied by capillary proliferation.
      Differential diagnosis includes sarcoidosis, discoid lupus erythematosus,
      erythema elevatum et diutinum, angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia and
      histiocytosis X. The diagnosis of granuloma faciale requires a synopsis of
      clinical and histological findings.

PMID- 3384663
TI  - [Direct light microscopy of pigment tumors of the skin].
AB  - Clinical guidelines for the diagnosis of pigmented skin lesions are not always
      reliable. Incident light microscopy provides an interesting approach to solving
      this problem. For this investigation a stereomicroscope, a glass slide and
      immersion oil are used. The various in vivo criteria of this method, which go
      beyond the changes discernible by the naked eye, are correlated with the
      histopathological structures. Incident light microscopy opens up a new dimension
      of clinical morphology for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of malignant
      melanoma, dysplastic nevi or non-melanocytic pigmented neoplasms and facilitates
      a more precise preoperative assessment of these lesions.

PMID- 3384664
TI  - [Localized neutrophilic eccrine hydradenitis in mitoxantrone therapy: a typical
      side-effect of cytostatic drugs].
AB  - In a 59 year-old woman, polychemotherapy with cyclophosphamide and mitoxantrone
      was started because of liver and bone marrow metastases following operative
      treatment of breast cancer with subsequent X-ray treatment in 1982. Three weeks
      after the fourth cycle of polychemotherapy multiple small, firm, reddish papules
      and pustules developed on the lymphedematous right arm. Histology revealed a
      dense, well-circumscribed granulocytic infiltrate around the acrosyringial part
      of the sweat gland duct. Skin lesions cleared completely after the chemotherapy
      had been changed to cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-FU. The purpose of our
      report is to present this largely unknown distinct clinicopathologic entity
      caused by anthracyclines.

PMID- 3384665
TI  - [Metronidazole-resistant trichomoniasis and successful therapy following high
      dosage].
AB  - A patient is reported who suffered for several months from a Trichomonas
      vaginalis infection that was resistant to the usual low-dose treatment with 5
      nitro-imidazole derivatives. Following various ineffective therapeutic trials,
      the agent was isolated in order to determine its sensitivity to 5-nitro
      imidazole. The resistance of the isolate to metronidazole was confirmed in vitro
      and in an animal experiment; the patient was therefore treated with high daily
      doses of metronidazole, 3 x 750 mg orally as well as 2 x 100 mg topically for 14
      days. Substitution therapy with zinc was administered in order to normalize the
      patient's relatively low zinc serum levels. These measures finally led to a
      clinical cure and elimination of the pathogenic agent. This is the first
      confirmed case of a metronidazole-resistant Trichomonas vaginalis infection
      reported in the Federal Republic of Germany.

PMID- 3384666
TI  - [Polychondritis recidivans et atrophicans].
AB  - A typical case of chronic atrophic polychondritis with chondritis of the ear and
      episcleritis is presented. The inflammation subsided on treatment with
      colchicine. This entity is rare. It has an uncertain prognosis and causes a wide
      variety of symptoms. Accordingly, the spectrum of conditions that need to be
      considered in the differential diagnosis is also wide.

PMID- 3384667
TI  - [Mucous membrane manifestations in HIV infection].
AB  - We report the occurrence of mucous membrane manifestations in six patients with
      HIV-infections: Kaposi sarcomas of the hard palate, of the gingiva, of the larynx
      and of the glans penis, unusual spreading of condylomata acuminata, bowenoid
      papulosis, thrush and hairy leukoplakia.

PMID- 3384668
TI  - [Hereditary prolidase deficiency in 2 sisters with therapy-resistant leg ulcers].
AB  - Two sisters with hereditary prolidase deficiency are presented. Recurrent and
      painful leg ulcers are the predominant feature.

PMID- 3384669
TI  - A general health policy model: update and applications.
AB  - This article describes the development of a General Health Policy Model that can
      be used for program evaluation, population monitoring, clinical research, and
      policy analysis. An important component of the model, the Quality of Well-being
      scale (QWB) combines preference-weighted measures of symptoms and functioning to
      provide a numerical point-in-time expression of well-being, ranging from 0 for
      death to 1.0 for asymptomatic optimum functioning. The level of wellness at
      particular points in time is governed by the prognosis (transition rates or
      probabilities) generated by the underlying disease or injury under different
      treatment (control) variables. Well-years result from integrating the level of
      wellness, or health-related quality of life, over the life expectancy. Several
      issues relevant to the application of the model are discussed. It is suggested
      that a quality of life measure need not have separate components for social and
      mental health. Social health has been difficult to define; social support may be
      a poor criterion for resource allocation; and some evidence suggests that aspects
      of mental health are captured by the general measure. Although it has been
      suggested that measures of child health should differ from those used for adults,
      we argue that a separate conceptualization of child health creates new problems
      for policy analysis. After offering several applications of the model for the
      evaluation of prevention programs, we conclude that many of the advantages of
      general measures have been overlooked and should be given serious consideration
      in future studies.

PMID- 3384670
TI  - Utilization of health services as events: an exploratory study.
AB  - The concept of propensity to use ambulatory care is defined as the probability
      that a utilization occurs in a very small interval of time, given that no
      utilization has been observed before. With this definition of utilization,
      survival analysis can be used to assess the effect of a set of predictors on
      utilization. The results of this analysis are compared with the results of the
      prediction of utilization by the same set using a logistic regression model and a
      linear regression model.

PMID- 3384671
TI  - The effects of corporate restructuring on hospital policymaking.
AB  - Hospital corporate restructuring is the segmentation of assets or functions of
      the hospital into separate corporations. While these functions are almost always
      legally separated from the hospital, their impact on hospital policymaking may be
      far more direct. This study examines the effects of corporate restructuring by
      community hospitals on the structure, composition, and activity of hospital
      governing boards. In general, we expect that the policymaking function of the
      hospital will change to adapt to the multicorporate structure implemented under
      corporate restructuring, as well as the overlapping boards and diversified
      business responsibilities of the new corporate entity. Specifically, we
      hypothesize that the hospital board under corporate restructuring will conform
      more to the "corporate" model found in the business/industrial sector and less to
      the "philanthropic" model common to most community hospitals to date. Analysis of
      survey data from 1,037 hospitals undergoing corporate restructuring from 1979
      1985 and a comparison group of 1,883 noncorporately restructured hospitals
      suggests general support for this hypothesis. Implications for health care
      governance and research are discussed.

PMID- 3384672
TI  - Radiolabeled antibodies, albumin and antimony sulfide colloid: a comparison as
      lymphoscintigraphic agents.
AB  - The kinetics of lymph node and systemic uptake of members of three different
      classes of lymphoscintigraphic agents were studied in normal laboratory rats.
      99mTc antimony trisulfide colloid (TcSbC), 99mTc human serum albumin (TcHSA),
      125I 5G6.4 (a murine IgG2ak monoclonal antibody), 125I 763.24T (a murine IgG1),
      and 125I FT166 ( a murine IgM monoclonal) all current or potential
      lymphoscintigraphic agents, were injected subcutaneously into the hind foot pads
      of healthy rats. Ipsilateral and contralateral popliteal lymph nodes were sampled
      up to 4 h post-injection. Subcutaneous injection resulted in far higher nodal
      uptake for all agents than i.v. delivery with ipsilateral popliteal node/blood
      ratios 1 h postsubcutaneous injection of: for TcSbC (1900) greater than 125I IgM
      (497) greater than TcHSA (72) greater than 125I Intact IgG2a or 125I IgG1 at
      approximately 10. Thus, while all agents achieve popliteal node/blood ratios far
      greater than unity, TcSbc has the greatest absolute and relative nodal
      accumulation, greater than the 125I IgM monoclonal antibody and TcHSA. Uptake of
      the intact 125I IgG antibodies is lowest. These data suggest that TcSbC in
      particular, as well as TcHSA and IgM may be most useful as non-specific nodel
      imaging agents, while the lower background activity of the IgGs may make
      targeting specific antigen in nodes more feasible.

PMID- 3384673
TI  - Nuclear medicine studies of aging--I. Procedure utilization in the oldest old.
AB  - Analyses of procedure utilization are of importance if accurate projections are
      to be made of local and national needs as the population ages. Nuclear Medicine
      records of a general hospital were analyzed for 1986, to determine utilization
      patterns in the oldest old (age 85 years and greater) as compared with younger
      patients. The most elderly comprised 1.3% of the population of this state, but
      "consumed" 3.9% of the studies carried out in Nuclear Medicine (or a rate 3 times
      greater than expected). The average number of procedures/patient during the year
      was 1.56 in the oldest old vs 1.57 in younger individuals. The sex ratio of
      procedure utilization was 65% female (slightly lower than state wide national
      estimates of the female portion of the population). A far lower percentage of
      studies were performed as outpatients in the oldest old (12.2%) than in the
      younger population (44.9%); contributing factors were discussed. Of the
      procedures, several had the same percentage utilization in the oldest old and
      younger groups (gated cardiac blood pool, liver plus hepatobiliary, and
      radiogallium imaging). Bone scans were slightly less common in the very elderly.
      However, thyroid studies and radiothallium cardiac imaging were performed
      significantly less frequently in the more elderly. Procedures carried out more
      frequently in the very elderly were gastrointestinal bleeding examinations and
      lung imaging. Possible reasons for this were pointed out.

PMID- 3384674
TI  - Nuclear medicine studies of aging--II. Femoral vessel uptake of 99mTc
      diphosphonates vs age.
AB  - Bone images obtained after use of 99mTc-MDP were examined for activity presumed
      to be present in the femoral vessels. The criteria for this extraosseous uptake
      were: present on anterior views of the thighs, located medial to the femurs,
      extended outward and downward, approximately linear and continuous, and present
      on both thighs. Each image was graded as zero (not visible), one plus (barely
      detectable) and two plus (readily visualized). Using the mean age of each
      grouping (20-29 years depicted as age 25), the percent positive were noted to
      closely correlate with age. The earliest positive detected was in a 24 year old
      male; by age 80 years and greater, over 93% of the cases showed 1+ or 2+
      activity. In addition, the average score increased linearly with age. These
      findings were correlated with literature data on femoral artery diameter and
      stiffness, and with information on aortic calcification.

PMID- 3384675
TI  - Anti-colon/ovarian tumor antigen: localization of colon cancer xenografts in
      athymic rats.
AB  - Tumor localization studies in athymic rats bearing human colon tumors were
      performed using the radioiodinated monoclonal antibody SP-21 and its F(ab')2.
      Antibody preparations isolated from ascitic fluid and antibody from bioreactor
      effluent were used in these studies with similar radioimmunolocalization results.
      The intact antibody had an optimal localization time of 4-8 days after injection,
      while the F(ab')2 fragments had an optimal localization time of 3-4 days. Whole
      body autoradiography, whole-body immunohistochemistry, and scintigraphy confirmed
      that the intact antibody and the antibody fragments localized preferentially in
      the tumor. The antibody distribution within the tumor was uniform, and not
      confined to the periphery, nor to focal areas within the tumor. Dose-response
      studies were performed with the intact antibody over a range of 10-100
      micrograms/kg of total body weight with no clear-cut relationships observed.
      Comparisons of different radio-iodination methods indicated that the chloramine-T
      based methods resulted in preparations with higher tumor uptake.

PMID- 3384676
TI  - Distribution of nanomole quantities of 235U in young and adult Japanese quail and
      in the F1 generation. Comparison with 153Gd.
AB  - Enriched uranium, 93.16% for 235U, served as a tracer of uranium deposition in an
      avian species, the Japanese quail. A second label, 153Gd, provided for monitoring
      of procedures and for estimation of the 235U content of live eggs. Depositions of
      235U were greater than for 153Gd in all tissues except the yolk sac and the
      liver. Skeletal levels for 235U were age- and sex-dependent. Feathers contained
      only 0.11% of the 235U tracer in contrast to 50% of the endogenous uranium. The
      results show that 235U provides for tracing uranium metabolism in small animals,
      since in quail the tracer increased the uranium burden of the body by only 1-8%.

PMID- 3384677
TI  - Antibodies labeled with 199Au: potential of 199Au for radioimmunotherapy.
AB  - We have investigated the direct labeling of antibodies with gold isotopes as an
      alternative to iodine and chelated metals for antibody guided therapy. Both 199Au
      and 195Au complex anions in citrate-buffered solutions (pH 3.8-7.2) are rapidly
      bound to sheep polyclonal anti-CEA with high efficiency. After purification by
      gel filtration, the antibody retained 80% of the bound gold for upto 6 days at 4
      degrees C and was reactive with its target antigen in a solid phase assay.
      Incubation with the gold binding substance D-penicillamine reduced labeling
      efficiency and stability.

PMID- 3384678
TI  - A potential new radiopharmaceutical for parathyroid imaging: radiolabeled
      parathyroid-specific monoclonal antibody--I. Evaluation of 125I-labeled antibody
      in a nude mouse model system.
AB  - Radioiodinated BB5-G1, a parathyroid-specific monoclonal antibody, and its
      F(ab')2 and Fab fragments were characterized using a nude mouse model system.
      Blood clearance studies indicated that the most slowly clearing species was the
      125I-BB5-G1 intact antibody, while the most rapidly clearing one was the 125I-Fab
      fragment. 125I-F(ab')2 retained its capacity to localize in the human parathyroid
      tissue implants with the uptake at 24 h being similar to that observed with the
      intact antibody. Poor localization was observed with the Fab fragment. These
      results suggest that BB5-G1 or its F(ab')2 fragment may be useful for parathyroid
      imaging.

PMID- 3384679
TI  - A potential new radiopharmaceutical for parathyroid imaging: radiolabeled
      parathyroid-specific monoclonal antibody--II. Comparison of 125I- and 111In
      labeled antibodies.
AB  - The biodistributions of 111In-BB5-G1 and 111In-F(ab')2 were compared with the
      biodistributions of the corresponding 125I-labeled molecules. For BB5-G1 intact
      antibody, the relative uptake of the 111In- and 125I-labeled molecules in human
      parathyroid tissue implants was similar at 24 h, but by 96 h the uptake of the
      111In-BB5-G1 %ID/g was four times greater than that observed with the 125I
      labeled antibody. For the F(ab')2 fragments, the relative parathyroid uptake of
      the two preparations was similar at all times tested. The uptake by the clearance
      organs was significantly higher when the 111In-labeled molecules were used.
      Imaging results suggest that 111In-BB5-G1 or 111In-F(ab')2 may be a useful
      radiopharmaceutical for parathyroid radioimmunodetection.

PMID- 3384680
TI  - Structure-distribution studies on some 99mTc-o-hydroxybenzyliminodiacetic acid
      complexes.
AB  - Biodistributions of a series of thirteen 99mTc-o-hydroxy-benzyliminodiacetic acid
      complexes were carried out in rats and their hepatobiliary and urinary outputs
      correlated with lipophilicity, molecular weight, influence of substituent and
      plasma protein binding. Hepatobiliary output was moderate for those ligands with
      large alkyl substituents [t-butyl (36%), and iso-octyl (42%)] but compared to
      HIDA compounds was relatively low, indicating that they would not be suitable for
      clinical use. Halogen substituents had only a small effect on increasing
      hepatobiliary output but a large effect on reducing the urinary clearance.

PMID- 3384681
TI  - A reevaluation of an agent proposed for imaging oestrogen receptors: 17 alpha
      [125I]-iodovinyl-11 beta-methoxyoestradiol-3-methyl ether ([125I]VMEME).
AB  - The metabolism of an iodinated steroid, 17 alpha-[125I]iodovinyl-11 beta
      methoxyoestradiol-3-methyl ether ([125I]VMEME), previously proposed as a
      potential agent for imaging oestrogen receptor-containing tissues, has been
      studied and the conditions for synthesis and labelling redefined. It is confirmed
      that, although the compound does not itself have significant receptor-binding
      affinity, a metabolite is active. Because of its high solubility in fat and the
      consequential low contrast of small receptor-containing tumours, there is little
      prospect of successful early imaging of small axillary or internal mammary lymph
      node metastases from human breast cancer with this compound. Some more general
      implications of this finding are considered.

PMID- 3384683
TI  - [Surgery of varicose veins. Classical methods].

PMID- 3384682
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of varicose veins. Deductions from on a Basel
      prospective epidemiological study].

PMID- 3384684
TI  - [Ambulatory phlebectomy].

PMID- 3384685
TI  - [What does the phlebologist expect from the surgeon?].

PMID- 3384686
TI  - [Fibrinolytic treatment].

PMID- 3384687
TI  - [Arteriovenous fistula for chronic hemodialysis].

PMID- 3384688
TI  - [Surgical diseases of the superior vena cava].

PMID- 3384689
TI  - [Vascular lesions associated with complex injuries of the lower limbs].

PMID- 3384690
TI  - [Nerve lesions in complex injuries of the lower limbs].

PMID- 3384691
TI  - [Indications and tactics of early amputation].

PMID- 3384692
TI  - [Localization and method of the venous access in hypovolemic shock].

PMID- 3384693
TI  - Hb J-Cordoba [alpha 2A beta 2(95)(FG2)Lys----Met]. A new Hb variant found in
      Argentina.
AB  - Hb J-Cordoba [alpha 2A beta 2(95)(FG2)Lys----Met], is one of the few hemoglobin
      variants discovered in Argentina. The structure and functional abnormalities are
      described. Hb J-Cordoba exhibits a slightly increased oxygen affinity, low
      cooperativity, and normal interaction with heterotropic cofactors.

PMID- 3384694
TI  - Hb Duan [alpha 75(EF4)Asp----Ala], Hb Westmead [alpha 122(H5)His----Gln], and
      alpha-thalassemia-2 (-4.2 Kb deletion) in a Chinese family.
AB  - Detailed data are presented concerning the relative amounts of Hb A and two alpha
      chain variants (Hb Duan with alpha 75 Asp----Ala, and Hb Westmead with alpha 122
      His----Gln), and the occurrence of an alpha-thalassemia-2 heterozygosity in five
      members of a small Chinese family. The three children who have the three
      abnormalities inherited the alpha-Duan and alpha-thalassemia-2 heterozygosities
      from their father, and the alpha-Westmead heterozygosity from their mother. The
      base substitution which leads to the synthesis of the alpha-Duan chain occurred
      at codon 75 of the alpha 1 globin gene of the chromosome which also carried the
      alpha-thalassemia-2 deletion; the concentration of alpha-Duan (37% of total
      alpha) is similar to that observed for other alpha chain variants, linked to an
      alpha-thalassemia-2 condition.

PMID- 3384695
TI  - Hb Tunis [alpha 2 beta 2 124 (H2)Pro----Ser], a new beta chain variant identified
      by HPLC.
AB  - During a routine hematological investigation of a child from Tunis, a silent
      hemoglobin variant was discovered by isoelectric-focusing. This variant was not
      detectable by conventional electrophoretic methods, had normal stability,
      expression, and oxygen affinity, and did not produce any clinical symptoms. This
      new variant beta 124(H2)Pro----Ser was named Hb Tunis.

PMID- 3384696
TI  - Detection of specific beta-globin mutations in Kurdish Jews with beta
      thalassemia.
AB  - Patients with beta-thalassemia, of Kurdish extraction, were screened for the
      presence of two mutations, in the TATA box and in codon 44, previously discovered
      in this ethnic isolate. Of the 56 chromosomes analyzed, 13 were found to carry
      the TATA box mutation and 17 the codon 44 mutation. The result of this work
      provides a basis for a more efficient prenatal diagnosis program for this
      community.

PMID- 3384697
TI  - A patient of German descent with (delta beta)0-thalassemia carrying the Sicilian
      type deletion of the delta and beta globin genes.
AB  - A deletion-type (delta beta)0-thalassemia with elevated production of fetal
      hemoglobin (Hb F) is described. The patient, homozygous for the disease,
      presented a clinical picture of beta-thalassemia intermedia. DNA analysis
      demonstrated that the deletion removed about 13 kb from the beta-globin cluster,
      including part of delta and the complete beta gene. The deletion appears to be
      identical to the previously described Sicilian deletion. Its presence in the
      homozygous state in a patient from Central Europe suggests that the deleted
      chromosome may be rather prevalent in that area.

PMID- 3384698
TI  - The effect of oxygen on in vitro studies on methemoglobin production in man and
      dog blood using 4-dimethylaminophenol.
AB  - Methemoglobin production induced by the addition of 4-dimethylaminophenol to
      human or beagle blood in vitro is inhibited at high oxyhemoglobin levels. The
      effect is similar in the two species and probably results from conformational
      change in hemoglobin consequent on oxygen binding.

PMID- 3384699
TI  - An electrophoretically silent hemoglobin variant, Hb Hekinan [alpha 27(B8)Glu---
      Asp] found in a Japanese.

PMID- 3384700
TI  - First observation of Hb Montgomery [alpha 48(CD6)Leu----Arg] in Tunisia.

PMID- 3384701
TI  - Further evidence for a post-translational phenomenon in the interaction of alpha
      thalassemia with sickle cell trait.

PMID- 3384702
TI  - Hb D-Ouled Rabah [beta 19(B1)Asn----Lys]. A rare beta chain variant found in a
      Chinese family.

PMID- 3384703
TI  - Hemoglobin Lufkin [beta 29(B11)Gly----Asp] found in a Japanese.

PMID- 3384704
TI  - The primary structure of the hemoglobin beta-chain of the Turkish hamster
      (Mesocricetus brandti).

PMID- 3384705
TI  - Generation of a monoclonal antibody specific for Hb G-Philadelphia [alpha
      2(68)(E17)Asn----Lys beta 2] and development of an immunoassay.
AB  - A murine hybridoma was generated which secreted a monoclonal antibody (Mab) that
      specifically recognized the alpha 2(68)(E17)Asn----Lys beta 2 substitution of Hb
      G-Philadelphia. Hybridomas were produced by fusion of RBF/DnJ immune splenic
      lymphocytes with FOX-NY murine myeloma cells and selected in adenine-aminopterin
      thymidine (AAT) medium. Culture fluids were screened by ELISA for antibody
      reacting with Hb G-Philadelphia but not Hb A. One such culture was cloned by
      limiting dilution, expanded and injected into pristane-primed, cyclophosphamide
      suppressed BALB/c mice for ascites production. An enzyme-linked immunoassay was
      developed by conjugating hemoglobin in hemolysates or purified hemoglobins to the
      plastic surface of wells of a microtiter plate. The ascites fluid containing the
      Hb G-Philadelphia Mab was added to the wells followed by goat anti-mouse IgG
      conjugated with horseradish peroxidase. After the addition of substrate
      (tetramethylbenzidine), a deep blue color developed, signifying a positive
      reaction. We analyzed 58 hemolysates (17 adult, 41 cord) containing a G-variant
      along with 28 control hemolysates (12 cords comprising FA, FAC, FAS, FSS, FCC
      phenotypes; 16 adults consisting of AA, AS, SS, SC, S-beta thal, AD-Los Angeles
      phenotypes). Of the 58 hemolysates containing a G-variant, 53 were positive by
      ELISA and confirmed by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Four of the five hemolysates
      negative for Hb G-Philadelphia were shown to be Hb G-Montgomery by RIA. None of
      the control hemolysates were positive. The assay could be completed in 1 hr and
      represents a technological advance in hemoglobin identification.

PMID- 3384706
TI  - Some rare hemoglobin variants with altered oxygen affinities; Hb linkoping [beta
      36(C2)Pro----Thr], Hb Caribbean [beta 91(F7)Leu----Arg], and Hb Sunnybrook [beta
      36(C2)Pro----Arg].
AB  - A few rare hemoglobin variants with altered functional properties have been
      observed in Canadian subjects with either an erythrocytosis or mild anemia. These
      variants were Hb Alberta [beta 101(G3)Glu----Gly], Hb Linkoping [beta 36(C2)Pro--
      -Thr], a new variant Hb Sunnybrook [beta 36(C2)Pro----Arg], and Hb Caribbean
      [beta 91(F7)Leu----Arg]. Short clinical descriptions of the subjects are given,
      the characterization of the variants is described in detail (except for Hb
      Alberta), while data from some functional analyses are provided. Comparisons with
      previously published data have been made and the unusual chromatographic property
      of two abnormal beta chains in a reversed phase high performance liquid
      chromatographic system is reviewed.

PMID- 3384707
TI  - Hemoglobin Randwick or beta 15 (A12)Trp----Gly: a new unstable beta-chain
      hemoglobin variant.
AB  - A new beta-chain hemoglobin variant, Hb Randwick [beta 15(A12)Trp----Gly] was
      detected in a 43-year-old female of Northern Italian parentage. During
      investigation for possible diabetes, mild red cell changes were noted and
      hemoglobin electrophoresis studies were requested. Independently, her sister's
      assessment had resulted in similar investigations. The most prominent findings
      were numerous "Hb H"-like inclusions and a positive isopropanol stability test.
      The hemoglobin variant separated poorly towards the anode at pH 9.2 and the level
      was estimated to be between 48-50% of the total hemoglobin. The variant beta
      chain was partially purified by column chromatography, and its tryptic peptides
      fractionated by high performance liquid chromatography. Amino acid analysis and
      sequence data indicated that the tryptophan at residue 15 (A12) had been
      substituted by a glycine residue. Further study has indicated that eight other
      family members are heterozygous for the variant; they are clinically normal with
      no evidence of splenomegaly or history of jaundice, although four of them showed
      a mild reticulocytosis.

PMID- 3384708
TI  - Hb Las Palmas or alpha 2 beta 2(49)(CD8)Ser----Phe, a mildly unstable hemoglobin
      variant.
AB  - A new hemoglobin variant with a Ser----Phe substitution at position beta 49(CD8)
      was discovered in two members of a family living in the Canary Islands, Spain.
      Detection was by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by reversed phase high
      performance liquid chromatography. The variant, which constituted 43% and 45%,
      respectively, in the two heterozygotes, was slightly unstable. Its presence did
      not affect hematological values though there was a mild reticulocytosis.

PMID- 3384709
TI  - Hemoglobin Pierre-Benite [beta 90(F6)Glu----Asp], a new high affinity variant
      found in a French family.
AB  - Hemoglobin Pierre-Benite [beta 90(F6)Glu---Asp] is a new high affinity variant
      (P50 = 21.5 mm Hg), with normal heme-heme interaction, found in a French family.
      It was difficult to detect by conventional electrophoretic methods. However, the
      high performance liquid chromatography profile of its tryptic peptides contained
      an additional peak. Amino acid analysis of the corresponding peptide and
      determination of its sequence allowed us to identify the mutation. No instability
      was found. Mutations previously recorded in position 90 of the beta-chain display
      a positive charge shift and a reduced affinity for oxygen, whereas Hb Pierre
      Benite shows no charge shift and increased affinity for oxygen.

PMID- 3384710
TI  - Hemoglobin Brest [beta 127 (H5)Gln----Lys] a new unstable human hemoglobin
      variant located at the alpha 1 beta 1 interface with specific electrophoretic
      behavior.
AB  - Hb Brest [beta 127 (H5)Gln----Lys] is a new unstable variant located at the alpha
      1 beta 1 interface at the same position as Hb Complutense [beta 127(H5)Gln---
      Glu]. In each of these, the substitution produces a distinct alteration in
      charge, yet both variants move with Hb A in conventional electrophoresis. This
      peculiar electrophoretical behavior may be due to the molecular position of the
      modified residue, which is deeply buried inside the tetramer.

PMID- 3384711
TI  - Hemoglobin J-Guantanamo [alpha 2 beta 2 128(H6)Ala----Asp] found in a Chinese
      family.

PMID- 3384712
TI  - Hb Deer Lodge in a Caucasian American: effect of iron deficiency on level of
      variant.

PMID- 3384713
TI  - Hb Le Lamentin or alpha 2 20(B1)His----GLN beta 2 found in a Spanish family.

PMID- 3384714
TI  - The role of radiotherapy in the management of primary cutaneous neuroendocrine
      tumors (Merkel cell or trabecular carcinoma): experience at the Peter MacCallum
      Cancer Institute (Melbourne, Australia).
AB  - Clinical presentation, treatment, and radiation response data are presented for
      20 patients with primary cutaneous neuroendocrine tumors (Merkel cell or
      trabecular carcinoma). Thirty-six sites were irradiated, 26 sites were local
      recurrences after surgery or metastases, only 3 primary tumors were irradiated de
      novo. In 22 out of 23 sites (96%) a complete response of measurable tumor was
      observed and 1 partial response (4%), an overall response rate of 100%. Thirteen
      sites were irradiated prophylactically with no measurable disease present and no
      recurrences have been seen in these areas. There was only 1 recurrence in an
      irradiated site (after a low radiation dose). Forty percent (8/20) either had
      distant metastases at presentation (5 patients) or developed them after
      radiotherapy (3 patients) and five of these patients have died of metastatic
      disease. Follow-up time ranged from 1-77 months, and actuarial 5-year survival
      was 63%. In view of these findings we would advocate the wider study of primary
      radiotherapy after biopsy or excision biopsy for the primary lesion, and
      prophylactic nodal irradiation with the object of avoiding extensive surgery in
      these often elderly patients.

PMID- 3384715
TI  - Medulloblastoma: staging and treatment outcome.
AB  - Fifty-two newly diagnosed patients with medulloblastoma were prospectively staged
      with myelography. Fifty also had at least one CSF cytology study. Twenty-four
      patients (46%) had evidence of dissemination beyond the posterior fossa at
      diagnosis. Patients under age 5 years were more likely to have dissemination at
      diagnosis than older patients (61% vs 38%). The 5-year disease-free survival for
      45 patients diagnosed at least 1 year ago and treated with craniospinal
      irradiation was 62.6%. Overall 5-year survival for this group was 76.7%. Patients
      without evidence of dissemination at diagnosis had a 5-year disease-free survival
      of 73.3% compared to 49.1% for patients with M1-3 disease. Eighteen patients
      relapsed, 16 within 3 years of diagnosis. Eight patients had recurrent tumor in
      the posterior fossa, eight in the supratentorial compartment, seven in the cord,
      and five had systemic metastasis. Patients with initial cord involvement were
      more likely to develop systemic metastasis (4/12) than patients without initial
      cord involvement (1/33).

PMID- 3384716
TI  - Local control of oropharyngeal carcinoma after two accelerated hyperfractionation
      radiation therapy schemes.
AB  - In October 1979 we started an accelerated hyperfractionation program consisting
      of 1.6 Gy/fraction, 2 fractions/day for 12 days or 38.4 Gy. Due to acute
      toxicity, the patients were then given a 2-week break and resumed once daily
      radiation therapy with 1.8 Gy/fraction up to 65 Gy, designated as the b.i.d.-q.d.
      program. In August 1982, the program was changed and the latter part of the
      treatment was continued on the twice daily program with 1.6 Gy/fraction for a
      total of 64 Gy, designated as the b.i.d.-b.i.d. program. We evaluated the local
      control rates of 140 patients with squamous cell carcinomas arising from the
      oropharynx, that is faucial tonsil and base of tongue. After these treatment
      regimens, the 36 month actuarial local rates for the T1-4 lesions were 56% for
      b.i.d.-q.d. (52 patients) and 85% for b.i.d.-b.i.d. (88 patients) with a p value
      of 0.0013. For the T1-2 lesions the corresponding rates were 81% (13 patients)
      and 97% (44 patients) with a p value of 0.53. The difference was marked for the
      T3-4 lesions, that is 47% vs 77% respectively with a p value of 0.017, and those
      patients without nodal metastases, that is 46% vs 93% with a p value of 0.00043.
      The improvement was probably due to marked shortening of the overall treatment
      course following b.i.d.-b.i.d. accelerated program--in this case 1 1/2 weeks. Our
      preliminary data suggests that the b.i.d.-b.i.d. program is superior to the
      b.i.d.-q.d. program. The seemingly improved local control rates for the treatment
      of oropharyngeal carcinomas requires a clinical prospectively randomized trial
      for confirmation, that is b.i.d.-b.i.d. versus b.i.d.-q.d. versus standard
      fractionation (q.d.) program.

PMID- 3384717
TI  - High dose rate 60Co remote afterloading irradiation in cancer of the cervix in
      Haiti, 1977-1984.
AB  - From 1977 through 1984, 293 previously untreated patients with biopsy proven
      carcinoma of the uterine cervix were treated by whole pelvis irradiation and high
      intensity 60Co remote afterloading (RAL) intrauterine tandem techniques in Haiti.
      The treatment results were analyzed retrospectively to evaluate the therapeutic
      results and prognostic factors of a strict protocol involving 40 Gy to the whole
      pelvis (2 Gy/day, 5 days/week). In addition, on the 5th day of the 3rd week, the
      first outpatient 60Co remote afterloading intracavitary insertion, delivering 7.5
      Gy to point "A" with each insertion, repeated 3 times by a week separation for a
      total of 4 times. The total TDF for external beam plus RAL was 158 and 175 for
      early and late effects respectively. One hundred-four patients were evaluable
      after 1 year or more follow-up, with a median of 26.5 months. No evidence of
      disease (NED) by Stage at 1 year was: Stage I of 100% (3/3), Stage II of 82%
      (9/11), Stage III of 80% (47/59), and Stage IV of 58% (18/31). The post
      therapeutic complication rate was 7.7%, with no fistulas or requirement of
      surgical intervention. Those with documented follow-up of at least 2 years (74
      patients) had comparable survival to other high dose rate and low dose rate
      studies. This study shows that outpatient brachytherapy can be carried out
      without sophisticated and expensive equipment with minimal staff trained in
      radiation therapy. A detailed description of this outpatient RAL technique and
      results are described so that this method can be adapted to other developing and
      industrialized nations where cost containment is becoming a key issue.

PMID- 3384718
TI  - Experimental studies on the incidence of metastases after failure of radiation
      treatment and the effect of salvage surgery.
AB  - FSaII, a spontaneous fibrosarcoma, and SCCVII, a spontaneous squamous carcinoma,
      were studied as early generation isotransplants in the right leg of C3Hf/Sed
      mice. Animals successfully treated, in respect to local control by surgery alone
      for 6 mm diameter tumors, had an incidence of distant metastases of 2.6% for the
      FSaII, and 8% for the SCCVII. For 12 mm tumors the incidence of metastases was
      14.3% and 41%, respectively. Animals successfully treated with radiation alone
      for 6 mm tumors had an incidence of distant metastases of 3.1% for the FSaII, and
      6.9% for the SCCVII. Animals that developed local recurrence after radiation
      therapy were treated with salvage surgery when the recurrent tumor was either 6
      mm or 12 mm. For those successfully treated the incidence of metastases was 12.5%
      for the FSaII, and 43% for the SCCVII when salvage surgery was performed on 6 mm
      tumors. When surgery was delayed and performed on 12 mm tumors, the incidence was
      46.6% and 70.3%, respectively. The results indicate that after failure of
      radiation treatment there is a high incidence of metastases from the recurrent
      tumors. The incidence, however, can be reduced considerably by carrying out early
      salvage surgery.

PMID- 3384719
TI  - Canine cardiomyopathy after whole heart and partial lung irradiation.
AB  - The late radiation response of the heart is of concern because of many reports of
      heart disease following radiation therapy of thoracic tumors. This study was done
      because of the clinical relevance of the pathophysiology of cardiopulmonary
      irradiation and because the heart is a good model for late effects of
      vasculoconnective tissue due to its lack of acutely responding parenchymal cells.
      Thoracic irradiation of adult beagle dogs including the heart and one third of
      the lung volume produced an early response in the heart at 1 and 3 months which
      consisted of an increase in left ventricle and septal wall thickness, decreased
      left ventricle ejection fraction, increased heart rates, intraventricular
      conduction disturbances and a high probability for pericardial effusion at 3
      months. Radiation doses were 36, 44, or 52 Gy given in 4 Gy fractions in 4 weeks.
      Premature atrial contractions, paroxysmal atrial tachycardia, sustained atrial
      tachycardia and atrial fibrillation occurred at all dose levels. Evidence
      suggests that both early and late responses were due, at least in part, to direct
      injury to the cardiac microvasculature. The later effects appeared to be enhanced
      by injury to the lung. The early response appeared to resolve in 6 to 9 months,
      after which there was thinning of the myocardium at higher doses and resolution
      of pericardial effusions. At 12 months, elevations in right atrial pressure, but
      not pulmonary wedge pressure, were suggestive of right-sided congestive heart
      failure. Pulmonary hypertension was also present at 12 months presumably due to
      partial lung irradiations, and may have exacerbated right-sided congestive heart
      failure. The radiation injury may continue to increase with time leading to
      serious deficits in cardiopulmonary function. The functional studies may aid in
      predicting late effects and evaluating residual injury.

PMID- 3384720
TI  - Late effects of fractionated pi-mesons compared to X rays on mouse lung.
AB  - Early and late delayed effects of up to 20 fractions of pions and X rays were
      investigated in the mouse lung. The whole thorax of female CD-1 mice was
      irradiated under Ethrane/O2 anesthesia. Respiration rate was measured by whole
      body plethysmography at biweekly to monthly intervals. With signs of irreversible
      respiratory distress, animals were sacrificed and their lungs evaluated
      histologically. In addition to the effect of fractionation, the influence of dose
      rate and anesthesia was studied as well. The degree of injury for the most
      predominant lesions (macrophage accumulation, fibrosis, vascular congestion) was
      scored, and the correlation with the relative change in respiratory rate and
      survival was analyzed. This analysis showed the primary lesion to be radiation
      pneumonitis at a median survival time of approximately 100 days. Focal fibrosis
      was observed to occur soon thereafter, and no evidence was obtained for an
      independent second wave of fibrotic injury. Fibrosis seemed primarily the result
      of pathological organization in areas with heavy concentration of macrophages. It
      was observed that the mice were unusually sensitive, with a single dose X ray
      ED50/180 of 8.8 Gy. A similar value was found for unanesthetized mice. This might
      have been the result of performing these studies at an altitude of 2100 m. The
      fractionation effect also seemed more pronounced, with alpha/beta values of 0.6
      Gy for X rays and 4 Gy for pions, which is significantly lower compared to
      reported values. At the pion dose-rate of 0.25 Gy.min-1, RBE values for single
      doses were 0.9 when compared to high dose-rate X rays, and 1.36 at equivalent
      dose rates. This clearly shows that significant repair occurs during the
      relatively low dose-rate pion irradiations. With smaller doses per fraction, the
      dose-rate effect became less dominant, and for 20 fractions of pions the RBE was
      1.4 compared to fractionated high dose-rate X rays. These RBE's are similar to
      values reported for acute effects in skin.

PMID- 3384721
TI  - Pathologic response of the pancreas and duodenum to experimental intraoperative
      irradiation.
AB  - The pancreas and duodenum of 24 beagle dogs were given intraoperative irradiation
      (IORT) with 6 MeV electrons. The dose range was 17.5 Gy to 40 Gy. Billroth II
      gastrojejunostomy was performed on all dogs prior to irradiation. Six control
      dogs received only Billroth II surgery. Starting 2 weeks after surgery, dogs in
      the irradiation groups were given 50 Gy 6 MV X rays external beam radiation
      therapy (EBRT) to the pancreas and duodenum. The total dose of 50 Gy was given in
      2 Gy fractions over 5 weeks. Dogs were monitored for 135 days then necropsied.
      Gross and histopathologic changes in the pancreas and duodenum were evaluated and
      quantitative analysis of pancreatic lesions done. Duodenal ulcers were found
      following 32.5 Gy and 40 Gy IORT. The pancreases were atrophic in irradiated dogs
      and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency occurred in one dog given 25 Gy. Gross
      pancreatic atrophy correlated with IORT dose. Histopathologic evidence of
      radiation damage to the pancreas was observed in acinar cells. Islet cell lesions
      were not apparent. There was pancreatic fibrosis and damage to blood vessels and
      ducts. Dose-response relationships were observed for the index of damage to the
      pancreas as a whole, for pancreatic fibrosis and a decrease in normal acinar
      cells. Although 25 Gy IORT plus 50 Gy EBRT was tolerated by the duodenum to 135
      days, these doses may cause later pancreatic injury as an expression of damage to
      blood vessels and ducts. Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and diabetes mellitus
      may thus represent potential late complications of IORT following 25 Gy or higher
      doses.

PMID- 3384722
TI  - Growth phase related variation in the radiation sensitivity of human colon
      adenocarcinoma cells.
AB  - Changes in radiation sensitivity with length of time in culture are described for
      an early passage human colon adenocarcinoma cell line (WiDr). The cells were most
      radioresistant at the end of lag-phase, 2 days after subculture (Do = 1.7 Gy; n =
      10). Radiation sensitivity then increased with time reaching a maximum during
      plateau-phase, between days 8 and 10 (Do = 1.0 Gy; n = 13). The oxygen
      enhancement ratio remained constant across the different growth phases of the
      culture. Cell volume decreased with time in culture as did the proportion of S-
      and G2M-phase cells. Flow cytometric analyses revealed an increase in the
      proportion of G1 type cells with a plateau between days 8 and 12 of around 75%.
      The cell age response measured from synchronized cells following 8 Gy showed that
      WiDr cells were most radiation resistant in mid S-phase with maximal sensitivity
      during G1. These cells did not show repair of potentially-lethal radiation damage
      but were efficient in the repair of sub-lethal damage. The ability to repair sub
      lethal damage did not change with culture age.

PMID- 3384723
TI  - Effects of changes in oxygen tension, pH, and glucose concentration on the
      response to CCNU of EMT6 mouse tumor monolayer cells and multicellular spheroids.
AB  - We have studied the effect of individually changing medium glucose content, pH
      and oxygen tension upon the response to CCNU (1-(2-chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1
      nitrosourea) of EMT6/Ca/VJAC cells grown as early plateau phase monolayer
      cultures or small (200 microns diameter) spheroids. The effect of changing all
      three factors together has also been studied in the spheroid model. All the
      changes in medium conditions (except for 4 hr hypoxia) were maintained for 24 hr
      prior to drug exposure. Plating efficiency (PE) of monolayer cells was decreased
      by reduced medium pH (below 6.5) or oxygen tension while no change in PE was
      brought about by reduced medium glucose content. In small spheroids reduction in
      PE caused by low pH was similar to that seen in monolayer, there was again no
      effect of reduced glucose, and the effect of hypoxia was clearly less than in
      monolayer. Combination treatment of spheroids (pH 6.5, 120 mg/l glucose and
      hypoxia) reduced the PE of spheroid cells to 50% of control. Reducing medium
      glucose content from 920 to 0 mg/l, or oxygen tension from 20% to near zero (for
      either 4 or 24 hr) reduced the sensitivity of monolayer cells to CCNU. A similar
      pattern was seen for reducing medium pH from 7.2 to 6.1 during the 24 hr pre
      incubation period and 1 hr drug exposure period. A reverse trend was, however,
      seen if medium pH during the drug exposure period was maintained at 7.2 following
      reduced pH pre-incubation. Reduced sensitivity to CCNU was seen for cells within
      small spheroids pre-incubated in medium at low pH (for both schedules) or under
      hypoxia (for either 4 or 24 hr) whereas reduced medium glucose content appeared
      to have no such effect. Cells in small spheroids after 24 hr combination
      treatment were also less sensitive to CCNU than cells from control spheroids.

PMID- 3384724
TI  - X ray responses of a human colon tumor cell line after exposure to the
      differentiation-inducing agent N-methylformamide: concentration dependence and
      reversibility characteristics.
AB  - The combination of differentiation-inducing agents with conventional cytotoxic
      agents has been suggested as a potential cancer therapeutic strategy. In this
      regard, we have chronically exposed (3 passages) a human colon tumor line (clone
      A) to varying concentrations (0-170 mM) of N-methylformamide and examined the
      change in sensitivity to ionizing radiation in vitro. The linear-quadratic
      formalism of survival was used to characterize the single graded dose survival
      curves. This equation yields two constants (alpha and beta) relating to cellular
      inactivation produced by either single events (alpha) or by the combination of
      two events (beta). As the N-methylformamide concentration increased, the alpha
      parameter increased while the beta parameter concomitantly decreased, yielding a
      concentration dependent radiosensitization which was most marked in the low dose
      region of the survival curve. Upon removal of NMF, the original radiation
      resistance was regained within 2-3 cell culture doubling times.

PMID- 3384725
TI  - Local stem cell depletion model for radiation myelitis.
AB  - We propose a model for normal tissue damage based on the assumption that adult
      mammalian stem cells have limited mobility and, consequently, for each organ,
      there is a maximum volume (the "critical volume," Vc), that can be repopulated
      and repaired by a single surviving stem cell. This concept is applied to a
      simple, 1-dimensional model of the spinal cord, where the critical volume is a
      "slice" of "thickness," t, assumed to be small compared to lengths of spinal cord
      usually irradiated clinically. The probability of myelitis is explicitly obtained
      as a function of the dose, dose per fraction, length of cord irradiated, slice
      thickness, number of stem cells per slice and parameters alpha and beta of the
      stem cell survival curve. The complication probability is expressed as a triple
      negative exponential function of dose analogous to the double negative
      exponential function for tumor control, resulting in a steep dose-response curve
      with short tails in both the high dose and low dose regions. We show that the
      model predictions are compatible with the experimental data for radiation
      myelitis in the rat. We discuss how this concept can be applied to other organs
      such as skin and to organs composed of structurally and functionally distinct
      subunits, such as the kidney.

PMID- 3384726
TI  - The effects of irradiation on alaryngeal voice of totally laryngectomized
      patients.
AB  - The effects of radiation therapy on the ability of totally laryngectomized
      patients to produce voice and speech were examined using objective non-invasive
      methods. Moderate to severe losses were noted in patients producing voice with
      all types of alaryngeal modalities: tracheoesophageal, esophageal, and
      electrolaryngeal. Voice and speech losses were related to the impaired motility
      and vibratory capability of the esophageal wall and mucosa, to fibrosis of the
      submandibular region and to trismus. Tracheoesophageal and esophageal voice was
      recovered some weeks after completion of irradiation. No voice losses were
      observed in alaryngeal speakers who did not undergo voice restoration until after
      irradiation. All irradiated patients also showed various degrees of dysphagia
      during the treatment.

PMID- 3384727
TI  - Electron arc therapy: chest wall irradiation of breast cancer patients.
AB  - From 1980 to October 1985 we treated 45 breast cancer patients with electron arc
      therapy. This technique was used in situations where optimal treatment with fixed
      photon or electron beams was technically difficult: long scars, recurrent tumor
      extending across midline or to the posterior thorax, or marked variation in depth
      of target tissue. Forty-four patients were treated following mastectomy: 35
      electively because of high risk of local failure, and 9 following local
      recurrence. One patient with advanced local regional disease was treated
      primarily. The target volume boundaries on the chest wall were defined by a foam
      lined cerrobend cast which rested on the patient during treatment, functioning as
      a tertiary collimator. A variable width secondary collimator was used to account
      for changes in the radius of the thorax from superior to inferior border. All
      patients had computerized tomography performed to determine Internal Mammary
      Chain depth and chest wall thickness. Electron energies were selected based on
      these thicknesses and often variable energies over different segments of the arc
      were used. The chest wall and regional node areas were irradiated to 45 Gy-50 Gy
      in 5-6 weeks by this technique. The supraclavicular and upper axillary nodes were
      treated by a direct anterior photon field abutted to the superior edge of the
      electron arc field. Follow-up is from 10-73 months with a median of 50 months. No
      major complications were observed. Acute and late effects and local control are
      comparable to standard chest wall irradiation. The disadvantages of this
      technique are that the preparation of the tertiary field defining cast and CT
      treatment planning are labor intensive and expensive. The advantage is that for
      specific clinical situations large areas of chest wall with marked topographical
      variation can be optimally, homogeneously irradiated while sparing normal
      uninvolved tissues.

PMID- 3384728
TI  - Three-field isocentric technique for breast irradiation using individualized
      shielding blocks.
AB  - The three-field technique is the most common method used for breast and regional
      node treatment after conservative surgery. Several variants of this technique,
      which are characterized by complex geometrical problems, have been described. A
      possible simplification of this technique and the use of individualized shielding
      blocks both for anterior and for tangential fields is proposed, thus allowing for
      the simultaneous shielding of the half beam and the critical areas. Advantages of
      isocentrical techniques are thereby maintained, but the number of mechanical
      movements required is minimized and collimators and couch rotations are not
      needed. Patient set-up time is also greatly shortened. The accuracy of this
      technique has been verified using both photographic methods and thermoluminescent
      dosimetry.

PMID- 3384729
TI  - Bladder cooling in patients treated with regional hyperthermia of the pelvis
      using an annular phased array.
AB  - Regional hyperthermia for the treatment of deep seated tumors is often limited by
      excessive heating of normal tissues, usually with associated patient pain and/or
      discomfort. The use of bladder cooling via perfusion of distilled water through a
      modified tri-lumen irrigation catheter as an aid to circumventing this problem in
      one anatomical region is described. This relatively simple technique provided
      rapid pain relief and permitted completion of the hyperthermia treatment in a
      satisfactory manner. Modifications of this technique may permit selective heating
      and/or cooling of the bladder during regional hyperthermia treatments in the
      pelvis.

PMID- 3384730
TI  - Dose volume histograms in treatment planning.

PMID- 3384731
TI  - Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin: diagnostic and management considerations.

PMID- 3384732
TI  - Feasibility of non-surgical definitive management of anal canal carcinoma.

PMID- 3384733
TI  - Memorandum from J. A. del Regato, M.D., (December 13, 1966)

PMID- 3384734
TI  - Research skills and the research environment: a needs assessment of allied health
      faculty.
AB  - Allied health faculty are expected to successfully compete with other academic
      faculty in the research arena, yet many feel unprepared for this role. Most
      faculty have been trained as clinicians and, thus, bring to academe few skills in
      research design and methodology. A national study was conducted to assess the
      research skills and the research milieu of allied health faculty across eleven
      disciplines. Data are presented from 2,187 survey responses. Unmet needs included
      skills in obtaining funding, statistical analysis of the data, and publishing
      research results. Major barriers to research included the undervaluing of
      research relative to education and service, the lack of financial and
      administrative support, the absence of professional resources, and the generally
      low priority given research. Faculty with earned doctorates perceived their
      research environments more favorably and had fewer gaps in research skills than
      did faculty with a bachelor's or master's degree.

PMID- 3384735
TI  - Ratings of clinical clerkship feedback by allied health faculty and students.
AB  - The purpose of this survey study was to investigate allied health faculty
      members' and students' ratings of the clinical educational feedback process.
      Faculty members and students from seven allied health programs at the University
      of Nebraska Medical Center, who were currently involved with clinical education,
      were asked to indicate their feelings on a seven-point scale for each of 22
      feedback characteristics. An ANOVA and a Scheffe's test for post hoc analysis
      were used for data analyses. The results indicated that while both faculty
      members and students perceived eight feedback characteristics as equally
      important, they differed significantly (p less than .01) in their ratings of
      actual feedback provided in the characteristics of specific, timely, encouraging,
      and recommending improvement. Other significant faculty/student discrepancies
      were found in the area of student reception of feedback provided. The results are
      useful to guide and direct improvements in the clinical education of allied
      health students.

PMID- 3384736
TI  - An interdisciplinary clinic for neurogenically impaired adults: a pilot project
      for educating students.
AB  - The Interdisciplinary Rehabilitation Clinic was a pilot project to assess the
      feasibility and efficacy of providing university-based clinical practicum
      experiences for students in the Schools of Allied Health Professions and Social
      Welfare at the University of Wisconsin--Milwaukee. It was designed according to
      the medical model and was based on the Joint Commission on the Accreditation of
      Hospitals Standards for Rehabilitative Services. This program was based on the
      professional conviction that people who are expected to function in an
      interdisciplinary environment would be better able to do so if educated according
      to an interdisciplinary model. The Interdisciplinary Rehabilitation Clinic
      addressed the university mission of education, research, and service. It provided
      an opportunity to integrate theory with practice for students in a clinical
      setting; demonstrated to health professions students that both basic and applied
      research evolves from and contributes to clinical practice; and provided care for
      individuals deprived of needed rehabilitative services because of funding cuts
      and other changes in current health care service delivery systems. The clinic
      provided rehabilitative service in the form of speech, and occupational therapy,
      therapeutic recreation, and social work services to neurogenically impaired
      adults from the greater Milwaukee area. Student clinicians evaluated the
      patient's abilities/disabilities, were observed during the evaluation process by
      their fellow students, met in joint treatment planning teams, treated the
      patients, and performed hospital-simulated staffings. Medical record
      administration (MRA) students assessed and provided in-service on documentation
      practices, developed a record-keeping system, and designed forms.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3384737
TI  - Simulated grading decisions of allied health educators. Part II: Variations in
      causal attributions.
AB  - The present study investigated the causal attributions of allied health faculty
      to hypothetical student achievement data. Faculty rated linear and nonlinear
      (ascending or descending) grade profiles along ten causal dimensions. As
      predicted, student ability and effort attributions were prominent for ascending
      and uniformly high performance while external factors were more prevalent for
      descending and uniformly low performance. Faculty also used a diverse set of
      attributions in rating the performance profiles. Faculty age and length of
      clinical experience appeared to have mediating effects on perceptions of
      causality for declining student performance. Overall, these results suggest that
      allied health faculty demonstrate predictable patterns of causal attributions,
      yet differ in several important aspects from that expected from previous
      research.

PMID- 3384738
TI  - Increasing access to self-help groups.

PMID- 3384739
TI  - Research productivity profile of allied health faculty.
AB  - Many allied health faculty are expected to obtain graduate degrees and engage in
      scholarly activity to advance knowledge in their professions and fulfill the
      research mission of their academic institution. A national study of ten allied
      health disciplines was conducted to assess the level of allied health research
      productivity and to determine the relationship between the amount of research and
      faculty characteristics. Research productivity included the number of major paper
      presentations and research publications, number of times served as project
      principle investigator, and the time devoted to research per week. Faculty
      characteristics were the type of employing institution, and the academic degree,
      rank, and tenure status of the faculty member. Data from 2,187 survey respondents
      indicated that faculty who are employed by four-year research universities,
      possess earned doctorates, hold the rank of professor, and are tenured had
      significantly higher levels of research productivity.

PMID- 3384740
TI  - A microperfusion chamber for study of mammalian spermatozoa.
AB  - The design of a microperfusion chamber is presented for use with spermatozoa or
      other cell suspensions. This chamber allows perfusion of a small number of
      spermatozoa during simultaneous observation of cell behavior at the microscope.
      The chamber is made from a flat glass capillary tube that is fitted at both ends
      with a filter unit containing Millipore filter discs. The entire assembly is
      designed to fit the stage of an inverted microscope. A population containing as
      few as several hundred sperm cells may be observed in the chamber during
      successive changes of the suspending medium as controlled by a perfusion pump.
      Several experiments are presented demonstrating sperm survival in the sealed
      chamber and the response of rabbit and human sperm motility after the washing
      process. For these manipulations, the percentage of motile cells, linear swimming
      speed and incidence of hyperactivated motility are reported. Simple incubation in
      the chamber for 1 hour was not deleterious to the motility of rabbit spermatozoa.
      Human seminal spermatozoa showed no decline in vigorous motility after the
      washing procedure. Compared with in vitro capacitated spermatozoa, however,
      washing of rabbit seminal spermatozoa showed a variable response. Finally,
      partially capacitated human spermatozoa were examined for any alteration of
      motility during chamber incubation with a subsequent wash. When small numbers of
      spermatozoa or other cell types must be manipulated, the methodology can be
      effectively substituted for the standard washing procedure that uses repeated
      centrifugation and resuspension.

PMID- 3384742
TI  - The human bulbo-urethral glands. A transmission electron microscopy and scanning
      electron microscopy study.
AB  - This paper investigates the ultrastructure of human bulbo-urethral glands using
      specimens obtained at surgery. The tubulo-alveolar endpieces of these glands are
      lined by typical mucous cells in different stages of the secretory cycle. The
      most interesting features of their cytoplasm are membrane-bounded bodies with a
      filamentous texture that usually fuse with the mucous droplets before they
      discharge into the lumen. Cells with apical dark granules are sometimes
      encountered in the ductal portions of the gland, which are probably ductal cells
      endowed with a scanty synthetic and secretory activity. Myoepithelial cells are
      not very numerous and are observed around mucous cells only.

PMID- 3384741
TI  - The sperm chromatin structure assay. Relationship with alternate tests of semen
      quality and heterospermic performance of bulls.
AB  - Data obtained by the sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA) on spermatozoa from
      nine bulls were correlated with fertility, measured by heterospermic performance
      (-0.94, P less than 0.01) and by alternate tests of sperm quality, including
      motility, acrosome integrity, Sephadex filtration and morphology of spermatozoa
      (all significant at P less than 0.05 to P less than 0.01). The SCSA uses flow
      cytometry to determine the susceptibility of nuclear DNA to low pH-induced
      denaturation in situ as measured by the ratio of acridine orange binding to
      double- or single-stranded DNA. The error associated with multiple SCSA
      measurements was relatively low. The primary finding is that the assay of
      chromatin structure stability performed on killed spermatozoa was as highly
      correlated with the heterospermic performance of semen as the best of the
      classical tests for semen quality. The SCSA may therefore be a highly useful
      technique for evaluation of sperm quality.

PMID- 3384743
TI  - Effects of cyclophosphamide on selected cytosolic and mitochondrial enzymes in
      the epididymis of the rat.
AB  - The anticancer and immunosuppressive drug cyclophosphamide is extensively used in
      clinical practice and is known to alter fertility in man. We showed previously
      that treatment of male rats with low daily doses of cyclophosphamide over a 9
      week period caused fetal malformations, a high rate of postimplantation loss and
      affected epididymal and sperm histology. In the present study, five biochemical
      measures of epididymal function were used to characterize further the effects of
      cyclophosphamide on the epididymis. For 1, 3, 6, or 9 weeks, adult Sprague-Dawley
      rats were gavage-fed daily with saline (control), 5.1 (low dose), or 6.8 (high
      dose) mg/kg of cyclophosphamide. The specific activities of the two glycolytic
      enzymes aldolase and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), the mitochondrial enzyme
      succinate dehydrogenase, the cytosolic enzyme carnitine acetyltransferase and the
      lysosomal enzyme acid phosphatase were determined in cytosolic and mitochondrial
      subcellular fractions from four segments of the epididymis. Cyclophosphamide
      caused decreases in protein concentrations in all segments of the epididymis only
      after 6 weeks of treatment with the high dose. The specific activities of
      aldolase, LDH and succinate dehydrogenase did not differ from control with
      respect to dose or duration of treatment. In contrast, there were significant
      effects of cyclophosphamide on carnitine acetyltransferase and acid phosphatase
      specific activity. After 1 week of treatment, there was a transient dose-related
      decrease in the specific activity of carnitine acetyltransferase, which was most
      striking for the corpus epididymidis (76% of control), but which did not differ
      from control after 3, 6, and 9 weeks. After 6 weeks of treatment with the high
      dose of cyclophosphamide, carnitine acetyltransferase specific activity in the
      initial segment and the corpus epididymidis was elevated to 165 and 140%,
      respectively, as compared with the 1-week high dose values. The specific activity
      of acid phosphatase did not differ from control after 1 and 9 weeks of treatment.
      At 3 and 6 weeks, however, there was a dose-related increase in acid phosphatase
      specific activity for all regions of the epididymis that was most marked in the
      cauda after the 6-week treatment (140% of control). Therefore, low dose, daily
      treatment of male rats with cyclophosphamide not only alters specific enzymes in
      specific segments of the epididymis, but acts in a dose- and time-dependent
      manner. It is possible that these changes could be mediated by direct, toxic
      effects of the drug on the epithelium or be secondary to alterations in the
      spermatozoa as a result of the treatment.

PMID- 3384744
TI  - Physiologic attributes of the luteinizing hormone pulse signal in the human.
      Cross-validation studies in men.
AB  - The performance of two new statistically based, independently formulated,
      endocrine peak detection methodologies (Cluster and Detect) were tested on the
      same large set of physiologic LH pulsations. Serum LH concentrations were
      determined in blood samples withdrawn at 5-minute intervals for 24 hours in eight
      healthy young men. The subsequent comprehensive LH time series were subjected to
      Cluster and Detect analysis, each constrained to an alpha level of 0.01 or 0.05.
      Under both circumstances, computer estimates of physiologic LH pulse frequency by
      the two separate algorithms were statistically indistinguishable. Moreover, the
      two distinct methodologies were concordant not only in relation to the original 5
      minute sampling series but also with respect to the constituent 10-, 15-, 20-, 30
      , and 45-minute sampling data. The cross-validation of these two mathematically
      independent methodologies has permitted delineation of the detailed spectrum of
      spontaneous LH pulse properties within individual men and among different males
      under basal physiologic conditions.

PMID- 3384745
TI  - Computer-assisted human semen analysis. Sampling errors and reproducibility.
AB  - Videomicrographic computer-automated semen analysis systems allow quantitative
      description of sperm motility, velocity, progression, and head movement amplitude
      and frequency with unprecedented ease. The minimum number of spermatozoa needed
      for stable results, the variability of measurements and optimum methods of
      sampling the ejaculate were determined for one such system (Cell-Soft, CRYO
      Resources, New York, NY). Sampling a minimum of 225 spermatozoa yields stable
      measurements, and analyzing four microscope fields in triplicate provides data
      with the lowest coefficient of variation. The variability attributable to the
      instrument itself was acceptable for all measurements (6.2% to 15.4%) except mean
      amplitude of lateral head displacement. Limitations of these results and the
      potential utility of videomicrographic sperm movement analysis are discussed.

PMID- 3384746
TI  - Isolation of a new phenazine antibiotic, DOB-41, from Pseudomonas species.
AB  - A new phenazine antibiotic, DOB-41, was isolated from the culture broth of a
      Pseudomonas strain. The antibiotic obtained as yellow crystals showed UV maxima
      at 255 nm and 370 nm. A molecular formula, C19H18N2O6, was indicated by elemental
      analysis and mass spectrometry. The structure was elucidated by X-ray diffraction
      analysis. The antibiotic exhibited inhibitory activity against Gram-positive
      bacteria, and antitumor effect against leukemia P388 in mice.

PMID- 3384747
TI  - Metabolic products of microorganisms. 243. Pyridazomycin, a new antifungal
      antibiotic produced by Streptomyces violaceoniger.
AB  - Pyridazomycin, a new antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces violaceoniger
      sp. griseofuscus (strain Tu 2557), was detected in a selective screening against
      Mucor hiemalis (Tu 179/180). The amino acid side chain of 1 can be seen as L
      ornithine, whose gamma-nitrogen atom is part of a pyridazine ring building a
      quaternary ammonium system. The structure of 1 was established by spectroscopic
      analysis of the parent compound and degradation products. The occurrence of a
      pyridazine ring in microbial secondary metabolites is unique.

PMID- 3384748
TI  - Carbazomycins G and H, novel carbazomycin-congeners containing a quinol moiety.
AB  - Carbazomycins G (I) and H (II), new congeners of the carbazomycin complex, have
      been isolated from the culture broth of Streptoverticillium ehimense. They have
      proved to contain a unique quinol moiety in the molecule. Their structures have
      been elucidated by mass and NMR spectrometries and X-ray crystallographic
      analysis. Carbazomycin G showed moderate antifungal activity against Trichophyton
      species.

PMID- 3384749
TI  - Chemical modification of hitachimycin. Synthesis, antibacterial, cytocidal and in
      vivo antitumor activities of hitachimycin derivatives.
AB  - Several acyl derivatives of hitachimycin have been synthesized and their
      activities, including antibacterial, cytocidal against HeLa cells and in vivo
      antitumor against sarcoma 180, evaluated. Some of these derivatives showed higher
      antitumor activity than hitachimycin. Among the derivatives, 11-O-propionyl-15-O
      butyrylhitachimycin (12) and the 11-O-acylhitachimycins (15-17) were most
      effective in in vivo assay.

PMID- 3384750
TI  - Frequent loss and restoration of antibiotic production by Streptomyces
      lasaliensis.
AB  - Antibiotic nonproducing variants of Streptomyces lasaliensis NRRL 3382R, which
      makes the polyether antibiotic lasalocid A (Las) and the quinoxaline antibiotic
      echinomycin (Ech), arose at a frequency of 3-11% after treatment with three
      different mutagens or regeneration of protoplasts compared with a spontaneous
      frequency of less than 0.1%. Cosynthesis of lasalocid A was not observed upon
      testing a large number of Las- mutants in different pair-wise combinations, nor
      did these mutants accumulate probable intermediates of lasalocid A biosynthesis.
      These results suggest that loss of the las genes or their expression is induced
      at a high frequency by mutagenic treatments. In fusions of protoplasts of a
      strain with the las+ ech+ spo+ nic-1 rif-3 markers with strains bearing the Las-
      LasS Ech- Bld- (or spo+) str-1 markers, Las+ Ech+ Spo+ StrR progeny were produced
      at a 61-89% frequency compared with a 1-9% frequency of StrR antibiotic producing
      progeny with the nic-1 or rif-3 genotypes. The more frequent restoration of
      antibiotic production than prototrophy or rifampicin sensitivity indicates that
      these antibiotic characters did not behave as normal chromosomal markers.
      Therefore the genetic instability might be due to the involvement of a plasmid in
      antibiotic production. The apparent lack of infectious transfer of the Las+
      character to Las- parents in conjugal matings between the few strains tested and
      no correlation between the presence of a large plasmid, pKSL, and lasalocid A
      production in several strains of S. lasaliensis do not favor the latter
      hypothesis, but they do not conclusively disprove it. Consequently, we suggest
      that a plasmid or another mobile genetic element is controlling antibiotic
      production in S. lasaliensis.

PMID- 3384751
TI  - Strong binding of ditrisarubicin B to DNA.
AB  - DNA binding characteristics of ditrisarubicin B were studied by the fluorescence
      titration technique. Ditrisarubicin B bound to calf thymus DNA with an affinity
      higher than any we have ever seen among anthracyclines. The apparent association
      constant (Kapp) of ditrisarubicin B was 2.36 X 10(8) M-1, which is 22.7 times
      larger than that of doxorubicin. The apparent number of binding sites (napp) of
      ditrisarubicin B per nucleotide of DNA was 0.164, and this value is identical
      with that of doxorubicin. Betaclamycin A, which has a trisaccharide chain at C-7
      but no carbohydrate at C-10 in the aglycone, interacted with DNA to give a Kapp
      of 5.92 X 10(6) M-1 and napp of 0.178. These results suggest to us that the high
      affinity of ditrisarubicin B for DNA is caused by the existence of a glycosidic
      chain at C-10.

PMID- 3384752
TI  - Augmentation of serum bactericidal activity by paldimycin.
AB  - At concentrations below the MIC, paldimycin induced changes in Staphylococcus
      aureus 502A (UC 9116, ATCC 28417) which increased its sensitivity to serum. The
      enhanced sensitivity to serum was concentration dependent with the maximal
      sensitivity found when bacteria were grown in approximately 1/10 MIC of
      paldimycin. Within an 1-hour incubation, S. aureus 502A typically grew 1.5-2-fold
      in serum. Following exposure to paldimycin, however, approximately 30-50% of the
      bacteria were killed in serum. The paldimycin treated bacteria were not more
      susceptible to phagocytosis and killing by polymorphonuclear leukocytes. At the
      concentrations utilized, the Staphylococci were enlarged and had thickened cell
      walls. The organisms were still viable and replicating, but irregularities in
      cell division were observed in transmission electron micrographs.

PMID- 3384753
TI  - Mode of action of deoxypheganomycin D on Mycobacterium smegmatis ATCC 607.
AB  - Deoxypheganomycin D, a specific inhibitor of mycobacteria, inhibits the growth in
      vitro of Mycobacterium smegmatis ATCC 607 (M. 607) bacteriostatically at
      concentrations as high as 7 X 10(-5) M. It shows no cross-resistance to
      paromomycin, capreomycin, viomycin, streptothricin, kanamycin and streptomycin.
      Deoxypheganomycin D at 2.8 X 10(-7) M where the cell growth of M. 607 is only
      partially inhibited does not significantly inhibit DNA, RNA or protein synthesis
      but leads to marked decrease (13% of control) in [14C]glycerol-derived
      radioactivity in cell-walls. In the presence of 7 X 10(-6) M deoxypheganomycin D,
      the influx of leucine but not thymidine is affected while the reverse is true
      with efflux. The data suggest that the effect of deoxypheganomycin D on M. 607
      may be related to both the cell membrane and specific mycobacterial lipid like
      components of the cell-wall.

PMID- 3384754
TI  - Neoberninamycin, a new antibiotic produced by Micrococcus luteus.

PMID- 3384755
TI  - Isolation of 4-aminoanthranilic acid: a new shikimate pathway product from
      Streptomyces flocculus.

PMID- 3384756
TI  - Biosynthesis of manumycin: origin of the polyene chains.

PMID- 3384757
TI  - DC 102, a new glycosidic pyrrolo(1,4)benzodiazepine antibiotic produced by
      Streptomyces sp.

PMID- 3384758
TI  - Perinatal hypoxia and auditory brainstem response thresholds: no evidence of
      permanent hearing loss.
AB  - It has been suggested that pre-natal and or peri-natal hypoxia can cause
      permanent hearing loss as a result of interference with the generation of the
      endocochlear potential, especially if this interference occurs during the
      critical period of endocochlear potential development. This hypothesis was tested
      in 4 series of experiments: in neonatal rats exposed to pure nitrogen for several
      minutes; in neonatal and adult cats respirated with hypoxic gas mixture for an
      hour; in neonatal rats and cats breathing hypoxic gas mixture for several hours;
      and in neonatal rats in hypobaric chamber for several days. In each experiment,
      the auditory nerve-brainstem evoked response threshold was elevated during
      hypoxia in those animals in which it could be measured but was normal when
      determined several hours to days later. This is evidence for a remarkable ability
      of the auditory system to recover from periods of hypoxia even during the
      critical period of endocochlear potential development.

PMID- 3384759
TI  - The frequency organization of the inferior colliculus of the guinea pig: A [14C]
      2-deoxyglucose study.
AB  - The [14C]-2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) technique was used to study the frequency
      organization of the inferior colliculus (IC) of the guinea pig. Discrete regions
      of heightened 2-DG labelling were observed in the ICs of animals exposed to a
      variety of pure-tone stimuli. Regions associated with 1, 4, 10 and 19 kHz pure
      tones were described and displayed in three-dimensional representations. The IC
      of the guinea pig was found to be arranged as a series of sheet-like, iso
      frequency planes that extend throughout the nucleus from its caudal to its
      rostral pole. Iso-frequency planes associated with low frequencies are located
      dorsolaterally in the nucleus and those associated with higher frequencies are
      located progressively more ventromedially. The predominant orientation, in the
      frontal plane, of all iso-frequency planes is oblique from dorsomedial to
      ventrolateral. Most planes, however, twist about their caudal-to-rostral axis in
      a caudal-to-rostral, horizontal-to-vertical direction. The extent to which each
      plane twists is frequency-dependent; planes associated with low frequencies twist
      most and those associated with high frequencies do not twist at all.

PMID- 3384760
TI  - The nucleus magnocellularis in the red-eared turtle, Chrysemys scripta elegans:
      eighth nerve endings and neuronal types.
AB  - Eighth nerve endings and neuronal types in the nucleus magnocellularis were
      analyzed in the red-eared turtle (Chrysemys scripta elegans). One group of
      turtles had horseradish peroxidase (HRP) injected into the surgically exposed
      inner ear. Following injection the animals survived for 3-5 days and then their
      8th nerve fibers and endings were analyzed. A second group of turtles were
      impregnated by the Golgi-Kopsch technique. This also demonstrated 8th nerve
      endings and neurons in the nucleus magnocellularis. A third group had brains
      stained with cresyl violet to demonstrate normal morphology. Two types of neurons
      were present in the nucleus magnocellularis; bushy and stellate. Bushy neurons
      had a single primary dendrite with little branching and spines. Stellate neurons
      had 3-5 primary dendrites with secondary order branching and dendritic spines.
      Thick 8th nerve axons gave rise to endbulbs of Held and their axons formed bouton
      type ending. Endbulbs of Held were presently only on bushy neurons while bouton
      type terminals were only on stellate neurons. Endbulbs of Held had two patterns;
      one group was cup-shaped and surrounded approximately 1/2 of the soma without
      appendages. A second type had a smaller cup with 3-5 extensions to other parts of
      the cell. Stellate neurons had terminal boutons adjacent to the cell membrane.
      They appeared in some situations as a necklace surrounding the neuron.

PMID- 3384761
TI  - Interpretation of endolymph flow results: a comment on 'Longitudinal flow of
      endolymph measured by distribution of tetraethylammonium and choline in scala
      media'.

PMID- 3384762
TI  - Policy reform and women's health in New Zealand.

PMID- 3384763
TI  - Women in power: new leadership in the health industry.

PMID- 3384764
TI  - Status differences in cohorts of aging women.

PMID- 3384765
TI  - Response of Campylobacter jejuni to combinations of ferrous sulphate and cadmium
      chloride.
AB  - On Mueller Hinton (MH) agar, Campylobacter jejuni showed 20.0 and 30.9 mm zones
      of inhibition surrounding discs impregnated with 2.5 and 20 micrograms CdCl2
      respectively. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranged from 0.64 to 3.2
      micrograms CdCl2/ml of MH agar for four C. jejuni strains. In the presence of 23
      micrograms FeSO4/ml of MH the MIC increased to a range of 1.5-5.4 micrograms
      CdCl2/ml of MH. Moreover, the numbers of colonies present on MH supplemented with
      FeSO4 were greater than on MH without iron. The growth response of C. jejuni in
      the presence of 0.025% (w/v) FeSO4 in MH broth was increased about 10,000 fold in
      three of four strains when compared with the growth in unsupplemented MH broth.
      Zones of inhibition surrounding 20 micrograms discs of CdCl, were 50.6 and 24.4
      mm on MH and Campy-BAP media respectively, with cells grown on MH. These results
      suggest that the blood-containing medium 'neutralized' the biocidal influence of
      the CdCl2. In comparison, C. jejuni inoculum from fluid thioglycollate (FT)
      medium showed smaller zones of inhibition. These decreased from 34.9 mm on MH
      agar to 19.6 mm on Campy-BAP agar, suggesting that components in the FT growth
      medium ameliorated the toxic influence of CdCl2. Atomic absorption spectroscopy
      analysis indicated mean values (mg/100 g dry weight) of selected metals bound by
      C. jejuni as: Cu, 10.4; Mg, 146; Na, 2385; Fe, 45.1; Zn, 13.0; and K, 172.

PMID- 3384766
TI  - Issues in infection caused by Gram-positive bacteria. Based on a symposium.
      Gerenzano, Italy, 18 July 1987. Proceedings.

PMID- 3384767
TI  - Molecular epidemiology of multiresistant Staphylococcus epidermidis.
AB  - Molecular epidemiology has provided several clues about the antimicrobial
      resistance genes of nosocomial, multiresistant coagulase-negative staphylococci.
      First, it has shown that a huge reservoir of resistance genes is maintained in
      these organisms on the bodies of both patients and the hospital personnel who
      care for them. In turn, extensive use of antimicrobial agents within specific
      sectors of the hospital probably provides selection pressure for the evolution
      and amplification of these genes. Secondly, indirect evidence suggests that
      Staphylococcus epidermidis may itself serve as a reservoir for antimicrobial
      resistance genes that are transferred to S. aureus.

PMID- 3384768
TI  - Septicaemia due to gram-positive cocci in cancer patients.
AB  - Episodes of septicaemia caused by Gram-positive bacteria in five separate
      investigations of empirical antibiotic treatment for fever in patients with
      neoplastic disease have been analysed according to the antimicrobial agents
      administered and the outcome. The results suggest that the addition of an 'anti
      staphylococcal agent', such as co-trimoxazole, vancomycin or teicoplanin, to the
      standard two-drug regimen (a beta-lactam antibiotic and an aminoglycoside) may be
      advantageous in improving the prognosis, particularly in Staphylococcus aureus
      septicaemia.

PMID- 3384769
TI  - Issues in gram-positive infections: the present and the future.

PMID- 3384770
TI  - Epidemic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AB  - We contrast the experiences, in our Health Authority in South-East London, with
      the particular epidemic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (the EMRSA)
      strain that has recently spread widely around London and South-East England, and
      with the other MRSA (OMRSA) strains encountered there. Our isolates of the EMRSA
      were identical by chromosomal restriction enzyme analysis, and the chromosomal
      and plasmid phenotypes were similar to those described in North London and
      Eastern Australia. Experimental phage-typing distinguished them from OMRSA
      encountered in 1984 to 1986. Between 1984 and 1985, the EMRSA caused increased
      infection and patient colonization compared to the years 1969 to 1983. A change
      in infection control procedures was usually required to control the EMRSA and in
      1986 isolates had returned to their pre-1984 levels. Between 1984 and 1986 OMRSA
      were still encountered, but did not spread or require changes in infection
      control procedures. The distribution of other resistant isolates was examined; c
      94% of neomycin-resistant isolates were in-patients or clinic patients. Forty
      five different phage-type/antibiogram patterns were found in 88 isolates from 66
      patients between 1982 and 1985, and patient clusters were uncommon. The ability
      of the EMRSA to spread is discussed and is probably not purely organism related.
      Our experience supports the contention that some MRSA are truly epidemic, whilst
      others do not behave in this manner.

PMID- 3384771
TI  - Should negative affectivity remain an unmeasured variable in the study of job
      stress?

PMID- 3384772
TI  - Negative effects of destructive criticism: impact on conflict, self-efficacy, and
      task performance.

PMID- 3384773
TI  - Supervisor-subordinate similarity: types, effects, and mechanisms.

PMID- 3384774
TI  - Sweet tooth demonstrated: individual differences in preference for both sweet
      foods and foods highly sweetened.

PMID- 3384775
TI  - Human versus computerized evaluations of polygraph data in a laboratory setting.

PMID- 3384776
TI  - Sampling and preparation of sample for chemical examination.
AB  - Sampling and methods for reducing a laboratory sample to a test sample are
      discussed, with particular emphasis on sampling peanuts for aflatoxin analysis as
      a practical example. The only way to control the total error in the analysis of
      this heterogeneous product is to take and to analyze many and large samples.

PMID- 3384777
TI  - Statistical sampling approaches.
AB  - This article describes basic sampling principles and the application of
      statistical sampling techniques to specific problems encountered in the Food and
      Drug Administration (FDA). Concepts are emphasized, and theory is minimized. The
      basic principles of sampling from a normal and binomial population, including
      confidence interval calculation and sample size determination, are briefly
      reviewed. Stratified, random, systematic, and judgment sampling are explained.
      Operating characteristic curves for attribute (and perhaps variable) sampling for
      acceptance of lots are derived and applied to specific FDA problems. The
      advantages and disadvantages of single and multiple sampling plans and plans
      which address multiple classes of criteria such as major and minor defects are
      discussed. Sampling schedules such as MIL-STD-105D and Canada's Government
      Specifications Board CGSB-105-GP-1 are reviewed to familiarize readers with the
      principles involved in these plans and to give them an idea of how they could be
      applied to FDA problems.

PMID- 3384778
TI  - Ion-pair reverse-phase liquid chromatographic determination of amprolium in
      complete feeds and premixes.
AB  - Amprolium is extracted with methanol-water (2 + 1) containing 5mM
      dioctylsulfosuccinate (DOSS) and 10mM CaCl2. The analyte is separated from
      coextracted materials by isocratic ion-pair reverse-phase liquid chromatography,
      following removal of late-eluting materials on an acid alumina cleanup column,
      and is detected at 270 nm. The mobile phase contains 4mM DOSS with 0.3%
      diethylamine and 1% acetic acid in 40% acetonitrile. Linearity is satisfactory
      over the range of 2.5-50 micrograms/mL. Mean recovery, as determined by standard
      addition to commercial samples, is 100.1%. Accuracy was further tested in studies
      comparing the LC method to the official AOAC colorimetric method, using
      commercial samples, and was found to be satisfactory. Studies show that common
      poultry feed additives, grass meals, and some pelletization aids do not interfere
      with the analysis; however, when bentonite is present, recovery is decreased. The
      precision of the method, measured over several experiments on commercial samples,
      is satisfactory as indicated by coefficients of variation ranging from less than
      1 to 4.5. A ruggedness test resulted in an overall CV of 3.2%, indicating the
      probable success of the method in a collaborative study.

PMID- 3384779
TI  - Extraction of sulfamethazine from feed samples.
AB  - The efficiency of a number of published extraction solvents for sulfamethazine in
      feeds was evaluated. Poor recoveries were obtained with several of the solvents
      when sulfamethazine was extracted from commercially pelleted feed samples.
      Recoveries ranged from 48 to 94%. A 75% methanol acetic acid extractant gave the
      best results.

PMID- 3384780
TI  - Gas chromatographic determination of N-nitrosodialkanolamines in herbicide Di- or
      trialkanolamine formulations.
AB  - A modified method is presented to determine trace quantities of N
      nitrosodiethanolamine (NDElA) and N-nitrosodiisopropanolamine (NDiPlA) in the
      triisopropanolamine (TiPlA) formulation of a mixture of picloram and 2,4-D.
      Aqueous sample is extracted with dichloromethane to remove organic interferences,
      and then the aqueous layer is passed sequentially through chloride anion exchange
      column, hydrogen cation exchange column, and Clin-Elut extraction tube. The final
      eluate, 10% acetone in ethyl acetate, is concentrated. The isolated nitrosamines
      are converted to the corresponding trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives and
      determined by gas chromatography (GC) on a DB1 column coupled with a thermal
      energy analyzer (GC-TEA). Eight samples of commercial TiPlA formulations are
      analyzed. Maximum detected levels of NDElA and NDiPlA were 0.6 and 0.9 ppm,
      respectively, expressed relative to total weight of active ingredients. Analysis
      of 13 samples of herbicide DElA formulation using a previously established method
      and a DB225 column gave NDElA results of 0.7-6.0 ppm. NDiPlA was not detected in
      those samples. Results are confirmed by GC-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) with oxygen
      negative chemical ionization (ONCI) detection. Detection limits for both
      nitrosamines are 0.05 or 0.07 ng (0.1 or 0.17 ppm) for GC-TEA detection,
      depending on the analytical columns used, and 20 pg (0.04 ppm) for GC/MS
      detection. Recoveries of NDElA are 87-109% for DElA formulation spiked at 2.6 and
      3.9 ppm and 90-115% for TiPlA formulation spiked at 0.2-0.3 ppm. Similarly,
      recoveries of NDiPlA are 95.7-100% for the DElA formulation spiked at 0.24 and
      0.48 ppm, and 82-118% for the TiPlA formulation spiked at 0.2-0.3 ppm.

PMID- 3384781
TI  - Determination of N-nitrosodipropylamine in trifluralin emulsifiable concentrates
      using minicolumn cleanup and gas chromatography with thermal energy analyzer.
AB  - A quick method for determining N-nitrosodipropylamine (NDPA) levels in
      trifluralin emulsifiable concentrate formulations is described. At least 18
      samples can be analyzed at one time in a minimum of fumehood space, with up to
      90% savings on solvents and materials. A sample aliquot is mixed with a solution
      containing nitrosamine recovery standards, and nitrosamines are separated by
      minicolumn cleanup. Internal standard is added directly to the eluate containing
      the nitrosamines, and levels are determined by gas chromatography with thermal
      energy analyzer. Recoveries of spiked nitrosamines ranged from 98 to 102%.
      Coefficients of variation for samples containing less than 0.5 ppm NDPA are less
      than 13%. Minimum detectable limit, calculated as 3 times the noise, is 0.06 ppm.
      Comparison with the method formerly used by this laboratory shows no significant
      difference in the analytical results at 95% confidence limits, and control
      experiments were performed to ensure that there was no artifact formation of
      NDPA.

PMID- 3384782
TI  - Determination of residual cephalexin in chick tissues by Bacillus
      stearothermophilus paper disc assay.
AB  - A paper disc method is described for determination of residual cephalexin (CEX)
      in chick tissues. A trichloroacetic acid extract of plasma and tissues is
      chromatographed on a macroreticular resin (Diaion HP-20) column to remove
      endogenous antibacterial substances interfering with the assay. The eluate is
      evaporated to dryness and the residue, dissolved in methanol-water (1 + 2), is
      subjected to a paper disc assay using Bacillus stearothermophilus var. calido
      lactis C953 NIZO as a test organism. The detection limit was 0.0375 ppm in
      tissue; the average recovery of CEX ranged from 72.4% in skin to 90.4% in plasma.
      Water containing 200 or 500 mg/L of CEX was given ad libitum to 2-week-old chicks
      for 10 days; the highest levels of CEX were found in the kidney, and the lowest
      were found in muscle at 0 h of withdrawal. CEX disappeared from most tissues at
      24 h after withdrawal except from skin of chicks given 500 mg/L. However, the
      drug was not detected in the skin at 48 h after withdrawal.

PMID- 3384783
TI  - Temperature-independent pectin gel method for aerobic plate count in dairy and
      nondairy food products: collaborative study.
AB  - Ten laboratories participated in a collaborative study to compare the pectin
      based plate count (PC) Redigel method with the aerobic plate count and standard
      plate count agar-based standard methods for the estimation of total bacterial
      counts in 9 different nondairy food and dairy food products. The foods were
      cream, homogenized milk, raw milk, cheese, raw chicken, raw oysters, frozen
      broccoli, flour, and spices. Each laboratory analyzed 6 samples (3 sample pairs)
      of each food group. Counts obtained by the pectin-based plate count and agar
      based plate count methods differed significantly (P less than 0.05) only for
      homogenized milk, where the pectin gel method resulted in higher counts. The
      actual counts were higher in the pectin gel method in 8 of the 9 food groups. The
      log means for pectin gel and agar-based media, respectively, for the 9 food
      groups were: cream 8.106 and 7.844; homogenized milk 8.642 and 8.231; raw milk
      8.711 and 8.423; chicken 7.654 and 7.645; oysters 7.201 and 7.180; broccoli 7.102
      and 6.798; cheese 8.045 and 8.055; flour 4.112 and 3.988; spice 5.379 and 5.314.
      The repeatability standard deviations favored the pectin gel method in 6 of the 9
      foods tested. The reproducibility standard deviations favored the pectin gel
      method in 7 of the 9 foods tested. These results strongly support the suitability
      of the pectin gel method as an alternative to agar-based plate count and other
      methods for total bacterial counts in nondairy and dairy food products. The
      pectin gel method has been adopted official first action.

PMID- 3384784
TI  - Evaluation of infant formula protein quality: comparison of in vitro with in vivo
      methods.
AB  - Two-week protein efficiency ratio (2-wk PER), net protein ratio (NPR), calculated
      protein efficiency ratio (C-PER), and discriminant computed-protein efficiency
      ratio (DC-PER) of milk- and soy-based infant formulas were compared to a 4-week
      protein efficiency ratio (PER). Expressed relative to ANRC casein, 2-week PER and
      NPR correlated significantly (P less than 0.01, r = 0.90) with PER. Although C
      PER and DC-PER also correlated significantly (P less than 0.01) with PER, r =
      0.71 and r = 0.87, respectively, these in vitro methods did not distinguish
      differences in protein quality among soy-based infant formulas. C-PER and DC-PER,
      as currently designed, are not applicable to the measurement of protein quality
      for all types of infant formulas.

PMID- 3384785
TI  - Improved method for determination of chlorothalonil and related residues in
      cranberries.
AB  - Tetrachloroisophthalonitrile (chlorothalonil) was applied under controlled
      conditions in 1985 to a cranberry bog for fungus control and for residue studies.
      Randomly selected samples of cranberries were analyzed for residues of
      chlorothalonil, its metabolite 4-hydroxy-2,5,6-trichloroisophthalonitrile,
      hexachlorobenzene, and pentachlorobenzonitrile by extraction, methylation,
      Florisil column cleanup, and electron capture gas chromatography. Because of
      interferences in the GC determinative step, previously reported methodology was
      modified. The total residues found in the test samples were well below the
      permissible limit for the parent and related compounds.

PMID- 3384786
TI  - Determination of tri-n-butyltin and di-n-butyltin compounds in fish by gas
      chromatography with flame photometric detection.
AB  - An analytical method is described for the simultaneous quantitative determination
      of tri-n-butyltin and di-n-butyltin compounds in fish. The sample was extracted
      with 0.5N HCl-methanol, and the methanol solution was extracted with hexane. The
      extract was purified by gel permeation chromatography and treated with Grignard
      reagent to yield the methyl derivatives, which were determined by gas
      chromatography with flame photometric detection operated in the tin mode (610
      nm). Recoveries of tri-n-butyltin chloride (Bu3SnCl) and di-n-butyltin dichloride
      (Bu2SnCl2) spiked to fish at the levels of 0.2 and 1.0 ppm ranged from 80 to
      105%. Detection limits were 0.02 micrograms/g for both compounds. Tri-n-butyltin
      compounds equivalent to Bu3SnCl levels of 0.07-2.0 ppm and di-n-butyltin
      compounds equivalent to Bu2SnCl2 levels of 0.02-0.11 ppm were found in reared
      yellowtails, and these values showed good agreement with the results from gas
      chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis.

PMID- 3384787
TI  - Intercomparative study on the determination of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons
      in marine shellfish tissue.
AB  - Twenty-five laboratories were sent 2 materials, one an acetone powder of lobster
      digestive gland, the other, the oil which had been extracted during preparation
      of the powder. Each laboratory was requested to measure the levels of a suite of
      polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in both materials. The response was poor with
      only 10 laboratories submitting results. Both intra- and interlaboratory
      precisions were poor; the interlaboratory error was so great as to preclude
      statistical analysis of the error. Relative standard deviations for oil results
      determined by liquid chromatography ranged from 39 to 96%.

PMID- 3384788
TI  - Simple determination of ranitidine in dosage forms by in-phase selective AC
      polarography.
AB  - A new AC polarographic method for the determination of pharmaceutical forms of
      ranitidine is proposed, based on the electroactivity of the ranitidine nitro
      group. Individual and composite assays as well as recovery studies are described.
      Results show adequate precision and accuracy. Sample preparation is easy and no
      excipient separation is required.

PMID- 3384789
TI  - Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric determination of adipate-based polymeric
      plasticizers in foods.
AB  - A method for the quantitative determination of adipate-based polymeric
      plasticizers in foods is described. The procedure involves extraction from the
      food and transmethylation of the polymeric plasticizer to form dimethyladipate
      (DMA). The derivative is cleaned up by size-exclusion chromatography and
      determined by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with selected ion
      monitoring. The use of a deuterated internal standard at the extraction stage
      enables quantitation by stable isotope dilution. A detection limit of 0.1 mg/kg
      of the polymeric plasticizer in foods and a relative standard deviation of 4%
      have been achieved routinely. The method has been applied successfully to the
      analysis of cheese, sandwiches, meat, biscuits, and cake that have been in
      contact with polymeric plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) films.

PMID- 3384790
TI  - Liquid chromatographic identification of meats.
AB  - Raw beef, pork, veal, lamb, chicken, turkey, and duck have been identified with a
      liquid chromatographic (LC) method. Meat samples are blended in water, and
      soluble proteins in the aqueous blends are separated by the LC method. Meat cuts
      and parts from same species had similar chromatographic profiles and differed
      only quantitatively. However, meat cuts or parts from different species resulted
      in different chromatographic profiles. The qualitative and quantitative
      chromatographic differences among meat species were used for their
      identification. The LC method applies only to fresh and frozen meats. It is
      simple, rapid, and reliable, and can be used for quantitative detection of meat
      species in unheated meat blends.

PMID- 3384791
TI  - Liquid chromatographic quantitation of chicken and turkey in unheated chicken
      turkey mixtures.
AB  - A simple and rapid liquid chromatographic (LC) method has been used to quantitate
      chicken and turkey in unheated chicken-turkey mixtures. The LC method is
      sensitive and detects as little as 1% chicken or turkey. It reliably quantitates
      5-100% chicken or turkey in unheated poultry mixtures. The method applies also to
      chicken or turkey which has been frozen, but does not apply to heat-treated
      poultry meats.

PMID- 3384792
TI  - Detection of poultry and pork in cooked and canned meat foods by enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assays.
AB  - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) are described for the detection of
      poultry and pork in cooked and canned meat foods. These assays are based on
      species-specific, polyclonal antibodies raised against heat-resistant antigens.
      The heat-resistant antigens were isolated from raw skeletal muscle tissue of pork
      and chicken and were found to be immunoreactive even after heating to 120 degrees
      C for 15 min. The poultry ELISA could detect chicken or turkey at the 126 ppm
      level, and the pork ELISA could detect pork at the 250 ppm level. Samples of
      frankfurters, bolognas, pressed meats, canned baby foods, and canned spreads were
      prepared by simple aqueous extractions.

PMID- 3384793
TI  - Organohalogen residues in human adipose autopsy samples from six Ontario
      municipalities.
AB  - Human adipose tissue samples obtained during autopsies in 6 Canadian Great Lakes
      municipalities were analyzed for chlorobenzenes, polychlorobiphenyls, and
      organohalogen pesticide residues. The frequency of occurrence and the range and
      mean for 28 organohalogen residues are reported for male and female donors in
      each municipality. Overall mean residue values in females were significantly
      higher than those in males for hexachlorobenzene, beta-HCH, p,p'-DDE,p,p'-DDD +
      o,p'-DDT, and p,p'-DDT. The means and ranges of residue values were similar to
      those reported in previous Canadian surveys.

PMID- 3384794
TI  - Levels and incidences of pesticide residues in various foods and animal feeds
      analyzed by the Luke multiresidue methodology for fiscal years 1982-1986.
AB  - During a 5 year period from 1982 to 1986, the FDA Los Angeles District Laboratory
      analyzed 19,851 samples of domestic and imported food and feed commodities for
      pesticide residues. A single, rapid, multiresidue method was used. The resultant
      data have been compiled showing the commodities sampled and the identity and
      range of levels of pesticide residues detected, including an indication of those
      residue findings that did not comply with U.S. federal tolerance levels. The
      residue data presented should not be viewed as being representative of the U.S.
      food supply; rather, the results are indicative of a surveillance- and compliance
      oriented sampling of various food shipments collected by the Los Angeles
      District.

PMID- 3384795
TI  - Ion abundance criteria for gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric environmental
      analysis.
AB  - Mass and intensity calibration of gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer (GC/MS)
      responses is an important quality assurance issue for chemical analysis. Ion
      abundance calibration with decafluorotriphenylphosphine (DFTPP) was applied in
      1975 to standardize quadrupole spectra to resemble the ion abundances that were
      obtainable from magnetic sector mass spectrometers. Modern quadrupole mass
      spectrometers provide significantly greater high-mass sensitivity than allowed
      under the 1975 study. Thus, those recommendations were reevaluated with 2
      approaches. First, an interlaboratory study was conducted using 15 different gas
      chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) systems. Second, the U.S. Environmental
      Protection Agency Contract Laboratory Program (EPA-CLP) quality assurance data
      base was searched and over 6500 DFTPP tune results were plotted and evaluated.
      Based on these approaches, updated ion abundance criteria recommendations have
      been developed, which contemporary instruments can meet, and which meet data
      quality objectives regarding identification and quantitative analysis of
      analytes.

PMID- 3384796
TI  - Direct gas chromatographic analysis of trichlorfon for its decomposition
      products.
AB  - The analysis of trichlorfon by direct gas chromatography is discussed. A
      procedure is described for the determination of impurities in trichlorfon by
      using a fused silica capillary column and cold on-column injection. Attempts at
      quantitating trichlorfon using this system were unsuccessful due to problems with
      irreproducibility of the peak area. Although no derivatization was performed,
      there was no decomposition of the analyte as confirmed by mass spectrometry.

PMID- 3384797
TI  - Semiquantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of soy protein in meat
      products: summary of collaborative study.

PMID- 3384798
TI  - Isolation and characterization of endoglucanases 1 and 2 from Bacteroides
      succinogenes S85.
AB  - Two endoglucanases designated EG1 and EG2 were purified by column chromatography
      from the nonsedimentable extracellular culture fluid of Bacteroides succinogenes
      S85. They accounted for approximately 32 and 11%, respectively, of the total
      endoglucanase present in the nonsedimentable fraction. The most active enzyme
      (EG1) had a molecular weight of 65,000, pI of 4.8, and temperature and pH optima
      of 39 degrees C and 6.4, respectively. The Km for carboxymethyl cellulose was 3.6
      mg/ml, and the Vmax was 84 U/mg. The major products of cellulose hydrolysis
      catalyzed by EG1 were cellotriose and cellobiose. EG2 was present as two
      components with molecular weights of 118,000 and 94,000. The two components had
      nearly identical cyanogen bromide peptide maps, thereby indicating that the
      94,000-dalton component was a proteolytic degradation product of the 118,000
      dalton enzyme. The larger component, which was more abundant in the culture fluid
      than the smaller form was, had a Km of 12.2 mg/ml and a Vmax of 10.4 U/mg. It was
      a basic protein with a pI of 9.4, a temperature optimum of 39 degrees C, and a pH
      optimum of 5.8. The major product of cellulose hydrolysis was cellotetraose. EG2
      exhibited specific binding to acid-swollen cellulose, whereas EG1 did not, and
      neither of them had affinity for crystalline cellulose. Based on the substrate
      specificities and the affinities of the two enzymes for cellulose, we postulated
      that EG2 is involved in the early stages of cellulose hydrolysis and that EG1 is
      active primarily on the products arising from EG2.

PMID- 3384799
TI  - Purification and characterization of a chloride-stimulated cellobiosidase from
      Bacteroides succinogenes S85.
AB  - A cellobiosidase with unique characteristics from the extracellular culture fluid
      of the anaerobic gram-negative cellulolytic rumen bacterium Bacteroides
      succinogenes grown on microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel) in a continuous culture
      system was purified to homogeneity by column chromatography. The enzyme was a
      glycoprotein with a molecular weight of approximately 75,000 and an isoelectric
      point of 6.7. When assayed at 39 degrees C and pH 6.5, the activity of the enzyme
      with p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-cellobioside as the substrate was stimulated by
      chloride, bromide, fluoride, iodide, nitrate, and nitrite, with maximum
      activation (approximately sevenfold) occurring at concentrations ranging from 1.0
      mM (Cl-) to greater than 0.75 M (F-). The presence of chloride (0.2 M) did not
      affect the Km but doubled the Vmax. In the presence of chloride (0.2 M), the pH
      optimum of the enzyme was broadened, and the temperature optimum was increased
      from 39 to 45 degrees C. The enzyme released terminal cellobiose from cellotriose
      and cellobiose and cellotriose from longer-chain-length cellooligosaccharrides
      and acid-swollen cellulose, but it had no activity on cellobiose. The enzyme
      showed affinity for cellulose (Avicel) but did not hydrolyze it. It also had a
      low activity on carboxymethyl cellulose.

PMID- 3384800
TI  - Cloning and nucleotide sequence of the type E staphylococcal enterotoxin gene.
AB  - The gene for staphylococcal enterotoxin type E (entE) was cloned from
      Staphylococcus aureus into plasmid vector pBR322 and introduced into Escherichia
      coli. A staphylococcal enterotoxin type E-producing E. coli strain was isolated.
      The complete nucleotide sequence of the cloned structural entE gene and the N
      terminal amino acid sequence of mature staphylococcal enterotoxin type E were
      determined. The entE gene contained 771 base pairs that encoded a protein with a
      molecular weight of 29,358 which was apparently processed to a mature
      extracellular form with a molecular weight of 26,425. DNA sequence comparisons
      indicated that staphylococcal enterotoxins type E and A are closely related.
      There was 84% nucleotide sequence homology between entE and the gene for
      staphylococcal enterotoxin type A; these genes encoded protein products that had
      214 (83%) homologous amino acid residues (mature forms had 188 [82%] homologous
      amino acid residues).

PMID- 3384801
TI  - Purification and properties of the inducible coenzyme A-linked butyraldehyde
      dehydrogenase from Clostridium acetobutylicum.
AB  - The coenzyme A (CoA)-linked butyraldehyde dehydrogenase (BAD) from Clostridium
      acetobutylicum was characterized and purified to homogeneity. The enzyme was
      induced over 200-fold, coincident with a shift from an acidogenic to a
      solventogenic fermentation, during batch culture growth. The increase in enzyme
      activity was found to require new protein synthesis since induction was blocked
      by the addition of rifampin and antibody against the purified enzyme showed the
      appearance of enzyme antigen beginning at the shift of the fermentation and
      increasing coordinately with the increase in enzyme specific activity. The CoA
      linked acetaldehyde dehydrogenase was copurified with BAD during an 89-fold
      purification, indicating that one enzyme accounts for the synthesis of the two
      aldehyde intermediates for both butanol and ethanol production. Butanol
      dehydrogenase activity was clearly separate from the BAD enzyme activity on TEAE
      cellulose. A molecular weight of 115,000 was determined for the native enzyme,
      and the enzyme subunit had a molecular weight of 56,000 indicating that the
      active form is a homodimer. Kinetic constants were determined in both the forward
      and reverse directions. In the reverse direction both the Vmax and the apparent
      affinity for butyraldehyde and caproaldehyde were significantly greater than they
      were for acetaldehyde, while in the forward direction, the Vmax for butyryl-CoA
      was fivefold that for acetyl-CoA. These and other properties of BAD indicate that
      this enzyme is distinctly different from other reported CoA-dependent aldehyde
      dehydrogenases.

PMID- 3384802
TI  - Lectin-enhanced accumulation of manganese-limited Rhizobium leguminosarum cells
      on pea root hair tips.
AB  - The ability of Rhizobium leguminosarum 248 to attach to developing Pisum sativum
      root hairs was investigated during various phases of bacterial growth in yeast
      extract-mannitol medium. Direct cell counting revealed that growth of the
      rhizobia transiently stopped three successive times during batch culture in yeast
      extract-mannitol medium. These interruptions of growth, as well as the
      simultaneous autoagglutination of the bacteria, appeared to be caused by
      manganese limitation. Rhizobia harvested during the transient phases of growth
      inhibition appeared to have a better attachment ability than did exponentially
      growing rhizobia. The attachment characteristics of these manganese-limited
      rhizobia were compared with those of carbon-limited rhizobia (G. Smit, J. W.
      Kijne, and B. J. J. Lugtenberg, J. Bacteriol. 168:821-827, 1986, and J.
      Bacteriol. 169:4294-4301, 1987). In contrast to the attachment of carbon-limited
      cells, accumulation of manganese-limited rhizobia (cap formation) was already in
      full progress after 10 min of incubation; significantly delayed by 3-O-methyl-D
      glucose, a pea lectin haptenic monosaccharide; partially resistant to sodium
      chloride; and partially resistant to pretreatment of the bacteria with cellulase.
      Binding of single bacteria to the root hair tips was not inhibited by 3-O-methyl
      D-glucose. Whereas attachment of single R. leguminosarum cells to the surface of
      pea root hair tips seemed to be similar for both carbon- and manganese-limited
      cells, the subsequent accumulation of manganese-limited rhizobia at the root hair
      tips is apparently accelerated by pea lectin molecules. Moreover, spot
      inoculation tests with rhizobia grown under various culture conditions indicated
      that differences in attachment between manganese- and carbon-limited R.
      leguminosarum cells are correlated with a significant difference in infectivity
      in that manganese-limited rhizobia, in contrast to carbon-limited rhizobia, are
      infective. This growth-medium-dependent behavior offers and explanation for the
      seemingly conflicting data on the involvement of host plant lectins in attachment
      of rhizobia to root hairs of leguminous plants. Sym plasmid-borne genes do not
      play a role in manganese-limitation-induced attachment of R. leguminosarum.

PMID- 3384803
TI  - Identification of two proteins encoded by com, a competence control locus of
      Streptococcus pneumoniae.
AB  - The com locus, which controls competence for genetic transformation in
      Streptococcus pneumoniae, was analyzed by construction of a series of subclones,
      insertion mutations, and deletions of the cloned DNA in Escherichia coli. In
      vitro transcription-translation of these com plasmids revealed two neighboring
      genes, comA and comB, encoding proteins of 77,000 and 49,000 daltons,
      respectively. Their map positions and orientations were determined. Insertions in
      either gene eliminated the corresponding protein and had no effect on the other.
      In addition, a 15,000-dalton com protein was tentatively identified, although the
      exact location of this gene remains to be determined. Features of the DNA
      adjacent to the com locus are also described.

PMID- 3384804
TI  - Chemotaxis of Rhizobium meliloti to the plant flavone luteolin requires
      functional nodulation genes.
AB  - Luteolin is a phenolic compound from plants that acts as a potent and specific
      inducer of nodABC gene expression in Rhizobium meliloti. We have found that R.
      meliloti RCR2011 exhibits positive chemotaxis towards luteolin. A maximum
      chemotactic response was observed at 10(-8) M. Two closely related flavonoids,
      naringenin and apigenin, were not chemoattractants. The presence of naringenin
      but not apigenin abolished chemotaxis of R. meliloti towards luteolin. A large
      deletion in the nif-nod region of the symbiotic megaplasmid eliminated all
      chemotactic response to luteolin but did not affect general chemotaxis, as
      indicated by swarm size on semisoft agar plates and chemotaxis towards proline in
      capillary tubes. Transposon Tn5 mutations in nodD, nodA, or nodC selectively
      abolished the chemotactic response of R. meliloti to luteolin. Agrobacterium
      tumefaciens GMI9050, a derivative of the C58 wild type lacking a Ti plasmid,
      responded chemotactically to 10(-8) M luteolin. The introduction of a 290
      kilobase nif-nod-containing sequence of DNA from R. meliloti into A. tumefaciens
      GMI9050 enabled the recipient to respond to luteolin at concentrations peaking at
      10(-6) M as well as at concentrations peaking at 10(-8) M. The response of A.
      tumefaciens GMI9050 to luteolin was also abolished by the presence of naringenin.

PMID- 3384805
TI  - Purification and properties of formate dehydrogenase from Moraxella sp. strain C
      1.
AB  - NAD+-dependent formate dehydrogenase was screened in various bacterial strains.
      Facultative methanol-utilizing bacteria isolated from soil samples, acclimated to
      a medium containing methanol and formate at pH 9.5, were classified as members of
      the genus Moraxella. From a crude extract of Moraxella sp. strain C-1, formate
      dehydrogenase was purified to homogeneity, as judged by disc gel electrophoresis.
      The enzyme has an isoelectric point of 3.9 and a molecular weight of
      approximately 98,000. The enzyme is composed of two identical subunits with
      molecular weights of about 48,000. The apparent Km values for sodium formate and
      NAD+ were calculated to be 13 mM and 0.068 mM, respectively.

PMID- 3384806
TI  - Effect of cholesterol on the branched-chain amino acid transport system of
      Streptococcus cremoris.
AB  - The effect of cholesterol on the activity of the branched-chain amino acid
      transport system of Streptococcus cremoris was studied in membrane vesicles of S.
      cremoris fused with liposomes made of egg yolk phosphatidylcholine, soybean
      phosphatidylethanolamine, and various amounts of cholesterol. Cholesterol reduced
      both counterflow and proton motive force-driven leucine transport. Kinetic
      analysis of proton motive force-driven leucine uptake revealed that the Vmax
      decreased with an increasing cholesterol/phospholipid ratio while the Kt remained
      unchanged. The leucine transport activity decreased with the membrane fluidity,
      as determined by steady-state fluorescence polarization of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5
      hexatriene incorporated into the fused membranes, suggesting that the membrane
      fluidity controls the activity of the branched-chain amino acid carrier.

PMID- 3384807
TI  - Absence of a characteristic cell wall lipopolysaccharide in the phototrophic
      bacterium Chloroflexus aurantiacus.
AB  - Two strains of the gliding phototrophic bacterium Chloroflexus aurantiacus were
      investigated for the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). With both strains, all
      fractions of hot phenol-water extracts and the extracted cell residues from whole
      cells or cell homogenates were found to be free from characteristic LPS
      constituents, such as 3-hydroxy fatty acids, 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate, heptoses, or
      O-chain sugars. Phenolchloroform-petroleum ether extracts were also free from
      precipitable LPS. A lipid A fraction could not be obtained, and there was no hint
      for glucosamine as a possible lipid A backbone amino sugar. Absence of LPS was
      confirmed by sodium deoxycholate gel electrophoresis.

PMID- 3384808
TI  - Lipopolysaccharides of Thiocystis violacea, Thiocapsa pfennigii, and Chromatium
      tepidum, species of the family Chromatiaceae.
AB  - The lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of three species of purple sulfur bacteria
      (Chromatiaceae), Thiocystis violacea, Thiocapsa pfennigii, and the moderately
      thermophilic bacterium Chromatium tepidum, were isolated. The LPS of Thiocystis
      violacea and Chromatium tepidum contained typical O-specific sugars, indicating O
      chains. Long O-chains were confirmed for these species by sodium deoxycholate gel
      electrophoresis of their LPS. Thiocapsa pfennigii, however, had short or no O
      chains. The core region of the LPS of all three species comprised D-glycero-D
      mannoheptose as the only heptose and 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate. The lipid A,
      obtained from the LPS by mild acid hydrolysis, contained glucosamine as the main
      amino sugar. Amide-bound 3-hydroxymyristic acid was the only hydroxy fatty acid.
      The main ester-bound fatty acid in all lipid A fractions was 12:0. Mannose and
      small amounts of 2,3-diamino-2,3-dideoxy-D-glucose were common constituents of
      the lipid A of the three Chromatiaceae species investigated. All lipid A
      fractions were essentially free of phosphate.

PMID- 3384809
TI  - Physiology of behavioral mutants of Rhizobium meliloti: evidence for a dual
      chemotaxis pathway.
AB  - Wild-type and nonchemotactic mutant strains of Rhizobium meliloti were tested for
      attraction to localized sites on alfalfa roots and for attraction to numerous
      small molecules, including sugars, amino acids, and two fractions derived from
      alfalfa root extracts. Four strains (carrying mutations che-6, che-11, che-12,
      and che-26) lost all responses and were classified as generally nonchemotactic
      mutants. One strain (carrying mutation che-7) lost responses to a group of
      structurally unrelated amino acids but retained all other responses and was
      classified as a putative sensory transducer mutant. Two strains (carrying
      mutations che-1 and che-3) lost responses to all the amino acids and sugars
      tested but retained normal responses to localized sites on roots and to the root
      fractions. These two mutant strains could not be classified according to the
      generally accepted model for a sensory pathway, derived from studies of enteric
      bacteria, and provided evidence for a dual chemotaxis pathway in R. meliloti.

PMID- 3384810
TI  - Purification and biochemical characterization of tellurite-reducing activities
      from Thermus thermophilus HB8.
AB  - Cell-free extracts of Thermus thermophilus HB8 catalyze the in vitro, NADH
      dependent reduction of potassium tellurite (K2TeO3). Three different protein
      fractions with tellurite-reducing activities were identified. Two exhibited high
      molecular weight and were composed of at least two different polypeptides. The
      protein in the third fraction was purified to homogeneity and had a single
      polypeptide chain of 53 to 54 kilodaltons, with an isoelectric point of 8.1. Each
      enzyme was thermostable, the temperature optimum was 75 degrees C, and 30 mM
      NaCl, 1.5 M urea, or 0.004% sodium dodecyl sulfate caused 50% inhibition of the
      enzymes. However, 2% Triton X-100 did not have an inhibitory effect. The enzymes
      were also able to catalyze the reduction of sodium selenite and sodium sulfite in
      vitro. NADH was replaceable by NADPH. Divalent cations, such as Ca2+ and Ba2+,
      had no effect on the activity, while similar concentrations of Zn2+, Ni2+, and
      Cu2+ abolished the activity. This reductase activity could enable these bacteria
      both to reduce K2TeO3 and to increase their tolerance toward this salt.

PMID- 3384811
TI  - Simultaneous utilization of glucose and sucrose by thermophilic fungi.
AB  - The utilization of mixtures of glucose and sucrose at nonlimiting concentrations
      was studied in batch cultures of two common thermophilic fungi, Thermomyces
      lanuginosus and Penicilium duponti. The sucrose-utilizing enzymes (sucrose
      permease and invertase) in both fungi were inducible. Both sugars were used
      concurrently, regardless of their relative proportion in the mixture. At the
      optimal growth temperature (50 degrees C), T. lanuginosus utilized sucrose
      earlier than it did glucose, but at a suboptimal growth temperature (30 degrees
      C) the two sugars were utilized at nearly comparable rates. The coutilization of
      the two sugars was most likely possible because (i) invertase was insensitive to
      catabolite repression by glucose, (ii) the activity and affinity of the glucose
      transport system were lowered when sucrose was included in the growth medium, and
      (iii) the activity of the glucose uptake system was also subject to repression by
      high concentrations of glucose itself. The concurrent utilization of the
      available carbon sources by thermophilic fungi might be an adaptive strategy for
      opportunistic growth in nature under conditions of low nutrient availability and
      thermal fluctuations in the environment.

PMID- 3384812
TI  - Increased outer membrane ornithine-containing lipid and lysozyme penetrability of
      Paracoccus denitrificans grown in a complex medium deficient in divalent cations.
AB  - Paracoccus denitrificans grown in a complex medium was highly susceptible to
      lysozyme, in contrast to cells grown in a complex medium supplemented with Mg2+
      and Ca2+ or in a succinate-salts medium. The complex medium was deficient in
      divalent cations needed for optimum outer membrane stability. The major change in
      molecular compositions of outer membranes isolated from cells grown under the
      different conditions was a higher ratio of ornithine-containing lipid to
      phospholipid in complex-medium-grown cells (0.63) than in cells grown in complex
      medium with Mg2+ and Ca2+ (0.22) or in succinate-salts medium (0.14). We suggest
      that the dipolarionic ornithine-containing lipid is less dependent than acidic
      phospholipids on divalent cations for its incorporation into the outer membrane.

PMID- 3384813
TI  - Mechanism of biosynthesis of 2-oxo-3-methylvalerate in Chlorobium vibrioforme.
AB  - The biosynthesis of 2-oxo-3-methylvalerate in Chlorobium vibrioforme was
      investigated by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the oxoacid formed
      from 13C-labeled acetate by washed suspensions. The threonine pathway could be
      excluded, and the results are in accord with a mechanism for the formation of 2
      oxobutyrate from acetyl coenzyme A and pyruvate via citramalate.

PMID- 3384814
TI  - Electron microscopic examination of capsular material from various serotypes of
      Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae.
AB  - The capsular material on PPLO broth-grown cells of Actinobacillus
      pleuropneumoniae representing serotypes 1 to 10 was visualized by transmission
      electron microscopy after polycationic ferritin labeling and also after
      stabilization with specific antibodies. All the isolates examined were covered
      with a layer of capsular material whose thickness varied between 80 to 90 nm and
      210 to 230 nm when examined by immunostabilization. We were also able to
      visualize A. pleuropneumoniae in lungs of infected pigs and to estimate the
      amount of capsular material covering the cells. Our results indicate that
      differences in capsular structure exist among the different A. pleuropneumoniae
      serotypes, and this result may explain in part why the serotypes are not equally
      virulent.

PMID- 3384815
TI  - Purification and characterization of chalcone isomerase from soybeans.
AB  - Chalcone isomerase from soybean has been purified 11,000-fold over the crude
      extract. The purification procedure features pseudo-affinity chromatography on an
      Amicon Matrex Orange A column with selective elution by a product of the
      enzymatic reaction. The purified enzyme is greater than 99.5% pure and possesses
      a specificity activity of 340 IU/mg, which is 520-fold greater than previously
      reported. The apparent molecular weight of the chalcone isomerase is 24,000 as
      determined from sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels and from size
      exclusion chromatography under native conditions on Sephacryl S-200. The enzyme
      exists as a monomer that migrates on isoelectric focusing gels with a pI of 5.7.
      Amino acid analysis indicates that almost 50% of the residues are hydrophobic and
      yields a partial specific volume of 0.750 ml/g. Chalcone isomerase contains no
      carbohydrate moieties and has a blocked N terminus. The purified enzyme catalyzes
      the conversion of 2', 4',4-trihydroxychalcone (I) to (2S)-4',7-dihydroxyflavanone
      (II) at pH 7.6 with a second order rate constant, kcat/Km, of 1.1 X 10(9) M-1 min
      1 and an apparent equilibrium constant, [II]/[I], of 7.6. The rate constant for
      the conversion of enzyme-bound substrate to the (2S)-flavanone, kcat = 11,000 min
      1, exceeds the spontaneous conversion by 36 million-fold. The enzyme catalyzes
      the formation of (2S)-flavanone over 100,000-fold faster than to the (2R)
      flavanone, indicating that the enzyme is highly stereoselective, yielding over
      99.999% of the (2S)-flavanone.

PMID- 3384816
TI  - Biosynthesis of a tumor cell surface sialomucin. Maturation and effects of
      monensin.
AB  - The major cell surface glycoprotein (ascites sialoglycoprotein-1 (ASGP-1] of
      ascites 13762 rat mammary tumor cells is a large (Mr greater than 500,000),
      highly glycosylated sialomucin which is present in great abundance (greater than
      0.5% of total cell protein). Thus, these tumors provide a useful system for
      investigating the biosynthesis of O-glycosylated glycoproteins. Previous studies
      in this system have demonstrated that initiation of O-linked oligosaccharides
      occurs throughout most of the transit period of ASGP-1 from the endoplasmic
      reticulum to the cell surface. By pulse-chase threonine labeling and
      precipitation with peanut agglutinin, ASGP-1 is first observed as an immature
      lightly glycosylated form (Mr approximately 200,000) which is converted to a more
      mature, more heavily glycosylated form (designated the premature or P form) with
      a half-time of about 30 min. The P form is then more gradually converted into the
      mature ASGP-1. Analysis of glucosamine-labeled oligosaccharitols obtained from
      the immature form showed primarily unsialylated derivatives consisting of the
      structures of the size of the tetrasaccharide Gal beta 1,4GlcNAc beta 1,6(Gal
      beta 1,3)GalNAc and smaller, whereas the mature form showed a mixture of
      sialylated and unsialylated structures. Desialylation of glucosamine-labeled
      mature form resulted in a glycoprotein intermediate in size between the immature
      and mature forms, indicating that the size change with maturation is not solely
      due to sialylation. Treatment of the cells with 10(-6) M monensin significantly
      reduced the conversion of immature to mature form without inhibiting initiation
      of O-linked oligosaccharides and without preventing sialylation. Analysis of
      oligosaccharitols obtained from ASGP-1 of monensin-treated cells showed that the
      major oligosaccharides are trisaccharide GlcNAc beta 1,6(Gal beta 1,3)GalNAc and
      sialylated trisaccharide GlcNAc beta 1,6(NeuAc alpha 2,3-Gal-beta 1,3) GalNAc.
      These results suggest that monensin specifically disrupts the compartment of the
      biosynthetic pathway which adds most of the beta 1,4-Gal to the oligosaccharides
      of ASGP-1 and that this compartment is separate from the primary site of
      sialylation.

PMID- 3384817
TI  - Oxalate transport via the sulfate/HCO3 exchanger in rabbit renal basolateral
      membrane vesicles.
AB  - We evaluated the mechanism of oxalate transport in basolateral membrane vesicles
      isolated from the rabbit renal cortex. An outward HCO3- gradient induced the
      transient uphill accumulation of oxalate and sulfate, indicating the presence of
      oxalate/HCO3- exchange and sulfate/HCO3- exchange. For oxalate, sulfate, or 4,4'
      diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid, the K1/2 value for oxalate/HCO3-
      exchange was nearly identical to that for sulfate/HCO3- exchange, suggesting that
      both exchange processes occur via the same transport system. This was further
      supported by the finding of sulfate/oxalate exchange. Thiosulfate/sulfate
      exchange and thiosulfate/oxalate exchange were also demonstrated, but a variety
      of other tested anions including Cl-, p-aminohippurate, and lactate did not
      exchange for sulfate or oxalate. Na+ did not affect sulfate or oxalate transport,
      indicating that neither anion undergoes Na+ co-transport or Na+-dependent anion
      exchange in these membrane vesicles. Finally, we found that the stoichiometry of
      exchange is 1 sulfate or oxalate per 2 HCO3-, or a thermodynamically equivalent
      process. We conclude that oxalate, but not other organic or inorganic anions of
      physiologic importance, can share the sulfate/HCO3- exchanger in renal
      basolateral membrane vesicles. In series with luminal membrane oxalate/Cl-
      (formate) exchange, exchange of oxalate for HCO3- or sulfate across the
      basolateral membrane provides a possible transcellular route for oxalate
      transport in the proximal tubule.

PMID- 3384818
TI  - Metal ion blockage of tritium incorporation into gamma-carboxyglutamic acid of
      prothrombin. Stoichiometry of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid to Gd3+ for the high
      affinity sites.
AB  - Prothrombin possesses two high affinity and four low affinity gamma
      carboxyglutamic acid (Gla)-dependent gadolinium binding sites. Earlier work
      (Price, P. A., Williamson, M. K., and Epstein, D. J. (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256,
      1172-1176) has shown that tritium can be specifically incorporated at the gamma
      carbon of Gla in proteins at pH 5. In the present work we show that inclusion of
      saturating concentrations of Ca2+ in nondenaturing buffer systems ranging from pH
      5.5 to 8.5 prevents the exchange of tritium into all 10 Gla residues of
      prothrombin. Similarly, saturating concentrations of Gd3+ prevent tritium
      incorporation into Gla at pH 5.5. Positive cooperativity was observed for the
      binding of Gd3+ to human prothrombin (at pH 5.5) for the two high affinity sites
      (Kd congruent to 35 nM). The four low affinity sites bind Gd3+ with a Kd
      congruent to 5 microM. Incubation of prothrombin ranging in concentrations from
      10 to 40 microM with 2 eq of Gd3+ at pH 5.5 prevents 5.7 (average of seven
      determinations) Gla residues from tritium incorporation. Sedimentation velocity
      experiments conducted at pH 5.5 indicate that prothrombin in the presence of
      saturating concentrations of Gd3+ polymerizes, most likely, to a trimer. Further,
      in the presence of 2 eq of Gd3+, calculated percent weight average concentration
      of monomer prothrombin is congruent to 100% at 10 microM, approximately equal to
      95% at 20 microM, and congruento to 80% at 40 microM protein concentration. Thus,
      it appears that under conditions in which prothrombin primarily exists as a
      monomer, occupancy of the initial two metal binding sites by Gd3+ involves six
      Gla residues.

PMID- 3384819
TI  - The abundance of calmodulin mRNAs is regulated in phosphorylase kinase-deficient
      skeletal muscle.
AB  - In the I/Lyn mouse strain a mutation on the X chromosome results in a deficiency
      of the major calmodulin-regulated enzyme in skeletal muscle, phosphorylase
      kinase. Calmodulin has been identified as the delta-subunit of phosphorylase
      kinase, and it is estimated that approximately 40% of the total calmodulin in
      rabbit skeletal muscle is associated with the phosphorylase kinase hexadecamer
      (alpha, beta, gamma, delta)4. The absence of phosphorylase kinase in I/Lyn
      skeletal muscle results in a reduction in the total amount of calmodulin. The
      mechanisms affecting this reduction were investigated by comparing the abundance
      and heterogeneities in calmodulin mRNAs between normal and phosphorylase kinase
      deficient skeletal muscles. The results demonstrate that in normal tissue there
      are four species of calmodulin mRNA distinguished by their molecular weight. All
      four of these species are present in the deficient tissue, and none of them are
      preferentially reduced. However, there is a 54% reduction in all four mRNAs as
      well as in calmodulin in the deficient skeletal muscle relative to normal
      skeletal muscle. These results indicate that the expression of calmodulin mRNAs
      is coordinated with the expression of its major enzyme target in skeletal muscle.

PMID- 3384820
TI  - Analysis of rat vitamin D-dependent calbindin-D28k gene expression.
AB  - We report the use of a cloned cDNA for mammalian calbindin-D28k (28-kDa vitamin D
      dependent calcium-binding protein) to study the expression of the rat calbindin
      gene. Tissue distribution studies, using Northern analysis, indicated that
      calbindin-D28k-mRNA is detected in rat kidney and brain but is not detected in
      rat intestine, testes, bone, pancreas, liver, lung, or skeletal muscle. Both rat
      kidney and brain contain three RNA species (1.9, 2.8, and 3.2 kilobase pairs).
      The regulation of the gene was characterized by both Northern and slot blot
      analysis. Hormonal regulation, developmental expression of calbindin-D28k-mRNA,
      and the effect of dietary alteration were examined. In the kidney all three
      species of mRNA were dependent on the presence of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25
      (OH)2D3) for their induction. The time course of induction of renal calbindin
      D28k-mRNA indicated that a significant increase in calbindin-D-mRNA was
      detectable as early as 2 h following a single injection of 1,25-(OH)2D3 (200
      ng/100 g of body weight), reaching a maximum at 12 h. Unlike the kidney high
      levels of calbindin-D28k-mRNA were observed in the brain of vitamin D-deficient
      rats. The concentration of calbindin-D28k-mRNA in brain was unchanged after 1,25
      (OH)2D3 administration. Developmental studies indicated that calbindin-D-mRNA in
      rat kidney and brain is present prior to birth but is developmentally regulated
      in a tissue-specific manner. The most pronounced changes in the abundance of
      renal calbindin-D28k-mRNA occur between birth and 1 week of age. Unlike the
      kidney a large increase in brain calbindin-D28k-mRNA occurs at a later time,
      between 1 and 2 weeks of age (the period of major synapse formation). In dietary
      alteration studies results of Northern blot analysis indicate that low dietary
      phosphorus results in increased calbindin-D-mRNA in kidney but not in brain.
      These studies represent the first analysis of the rat calbindin-D28k gene and its
      regulation in vivo. Our findings suggest that in rat kidney and brain there are
      significant differences both in the expression of the gene for calbindin-D28k and
      its regulation by 1,25-(OH)2D3.

PMID- 3384821
TI  - Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of 11 S
      acetylcholinesterase.
AB  - The 11 S form of acetylcholinesterase from Electrophorus electricus was purified
      by affinity chromatography. The protein was crystallized from polyethylene glycol
      solutions. One crystal form proved suitable for x-ray diffraction studies.
      Preliminary x-ray analysis demonstrates that the space group of this crystal is
      F222. The unit cell dimensions are a = 141.0 +/- 0.2, b = 202.4 +/- 0.2, and c =
      237.4 +/- 0.1 A. The diffraction is anisotropic, extending to at least 3.5 A
      along the a* and b* axes, but becoming weak beyond about 6 A along the c* axis.
      Crystal density measurements suggest that one complete 11 S tetramer occupies the
      asymmetric unit of the crystal.

PMID- 3384822
TI  - A novel ganglioside in dogfish brain. Occurrence of a trisialoganglioside with a
      sialic acid linked to N-acetylgalactosamine.
AB  - A novel trisialoganglioside has been isolated from dogfish (Squalus acanthias)
      brain. From the results of gas chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis of
      methylated sugars, enzymatic hydrolysis, fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry,
      and proton nuclear magnetic resonance analysis, its structure was concluded to be
      (formula; see text) This is the first report of the occurrence of a ganglioside
      with 3 sialic acid residues separately linked to its gangliotetraosyl backbone.

PMID- 3384823
TI  - Microinjection of deoxynucleotides into mouse cells. No evidence that precursors
      for DNA synthesis are channeled.
AB  - The technique of microinjection was applied for the introduction of radioactive,
      phosphorylated precursors of DNA synthesis into living mouse cells in culture.
      Autoradiographs proved that DNA was well labeled by injected dTTP, dCTP, dATP,
      dGTP, and (to a minor extent) dTMP, but the efficiency was much lower when CDP,
      ADP, or GDP was used. For practical reasons, injections into nuclei were
      preferred, but injections into cytoplasm showed no principal difference with the
      autoradiographed nuclei. The kinetics of the uptake of the injected material
      agreed neatly with the calculation (from pool sizes and polymerization rate) that
      the intracellular deoxytriphosphates are sufficient for about 10 min of DNA
      synthesis. All this evidence strongly argues against the concept that precursors
      of DNA synthesis are channeled in vivo within a multienzyme complex and suggests
      a free diffusion of deoxynucleotides within the cell. Injected thymidine was less
      able to enter the deoxy nucleotide metabolism compared with thymidine from the
      culture medium. A mutant cell line deficient in thymidine kinase did not
      accumulate intracellular thymidine. These data indicate that thymidine kinase is
      a membrane associated enzyme and that uptake and phosphorylation of thymidine are
      coupled reactions.

PMID- 3384825
TI  - Limitations of the continuum assumption in cancellous bone.
AB  - Most existing stress analyses of the skeleton which consider cancellous bone
      assume that it can be modelled as a continuum. In this paper we develop a
      criterion for the validity of this assumption. The limitations of the continuum
      assumption appear in two areas: near biologic interfaces, and in areas of large
      stress gradients. These limitations are explored using a probabilistic line
      scanning model for density measurement, resulting in an estimate of density
      accuracy as a function of line length which is experimentally verified. Within
      three to five trabeculae of an interface, a continuum model is suspect. When
      results as predicted using continuum analyses vary by more than 20-30% over a
      distance spanning three to five trabeculae, the results are suspect.

PMID- 3384824
TI  - Purification and characterization of a lysophospholipase from a macrophage-like
      cell line P388D1.
AB  - Two lysophospholipase activities (designated I and II) were identified in the
      macrophage-like cell line P388D1. Lysophospholipase I was purified (8,500-fold)
      to homogeneity by DEAE-Sephacel, Sephadex G-75, Blue-Sepharose, and
      chromatofocusing chromatography. Lysophospholipase II was separated from the
      lysophospholipase I in the Blue-Sepharose step. The apparent molecular mass of
      lysophospholipase I and II are 27,000 and 28,000 daltons, respectively,
      determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Their pI
      values were 4.4 and 6.1 respectively, as determined by isoelectric focusing.
      Lysophospholipase I exhibited a broad pH optimum between 7.5-9.0. The double
      reciprocal plot of the substrate dependence curve of the purified
      lysophospholipase I showed a break around the critical micelle concentration of
      the substrate (1-palmitoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphorylcholine). The apparent Km,
      determined from substrate concentrations above 10 microM was 22 microM, and the
      apparent Vmax was 1.3 mumol min-1mg-1. The purified enzyme did not have
      phospholipase A1, phospholipase A2, acyltransferase, or lysophospholipase
      transacylase activity. No activity was detected toward triacylglycerol,
      diacylglycerol, p-nitrophenol acetate, p-nitrophenol palmitate, or cholesterol
      ester. The enzyme did, however, hydrolyze monoacylglycerol although at a rate 20
      fold less than lysophospholipid, 0.06 mumol min-1mg-1. The lysophospholipase I
      was inhibited by fatty acids but not by glycerol-3-phosphorylcholine, glycerol-3
      phosphorylethanolamine, or glyc-fjerol-3-phosphorylserine. A synthetic manoalide
      analogue 3(cis,cis,-7,10)hexadecadienyl-4-hydroxy-2-butenolide inhibited the
      enzyme with half-inhibition (IC50) at about 160 microM. Triton X-100 decreased
      the enzymatic activity, although this apparent inhibition can be explained by a
      "surface dilution" effect. The pure lysophospholipase I was stable for at least 5
      months at -20 degrees C in the presence of glycerol and beta-mercaptoethanol.
      Lysophospholipid also demonstrated a protective effect during the later stage of
      purification.

PMID- 3384826
TI  - Apparent stresses in disturbed pulsatile flows.
AB  - Traditional attempts at decomposing measured velocities into repeatable and
      random components are examined for a set of velocity data measured under
      pulsatile flow conditions distal to a 90% axisymmetric constriction. The Reynolds
      numbers, which are typical of those found in the human carotid artery, are such
      that transitional phenomena occur during portions of the pulsatile cycle at
      several axial stations. The implications of the method selected for velocity
      decomposition upon the computation of fluctuating or 'apparent' stresses is a
      point of major focus. It is shown that the usual estimation of Reynolds stresses
      in a pulsatile flow by subtracting the ensemble-averaged velocity from the
      instantaneous velocity leads to an underestimation of the apparent stress when
      coherent or repeatable disturbances exist in the flow. An alternative
      decomposition using a frequency domain approach is presented which combines both
      random and coherent stresses into a single apparent stress, and it is proposed
      that this approach is preferable to the traditional ensemble averaging method
      when estimating fluctuating stresses in arterial flows.

PMID- 3384827
TI  - A second generation microcomputer controlled binding system for alpine skiing
      research.
AB  - In the study of sports biomechanics, alpine skiing injuries have always demanded
      significant attention. In order to aid in understanding the loading phenomena
      associated with alpine skiing, a new research binding system has been designed
      which enables both the recording of boot loading data and actively controlled
      release of the skier's boot from the ski. The new research binding system
      consists of three hardware components, a dynamometer which senses all six load
      components at the boot/ski interface, an electromechanical device capable of
      releasing the boot from the ski, and a new general purpose microprocessor-based
      data acquisition and release control module. Constructed integrally with the
      dynamometer, the release mechanism is activated by electrical command from the
      control module. The mechanical and electrical design features of the
      dynamometer/release mechanism as well as important features of the hardware and
      software of the data acquisition and control module are briefly discussed. The
      system has been tested both in the laboratory and on the ski slopes. The emphasis
      of this paper is on the boot loading data acquired through field testing and
      observations on the loading environment during common recreational skiing
      maneuvers. Through analysis of the data, insight into both the style and safety
      aspects of alpine skiing is gained.

PMID- 3384828
TI  - Inertial characteristics of adolescent male body segments.
AB  - In response to the presently limited information on body segment inertial
      characteristics of children and adolescents this investigation estimated the
      mass, centre of mass and principal moments of inertia of adolescent male body
      segments. Significant prediction equations based on anthropometric measurements
      were then sought. Thirteen subjects were measured at 6-monthly intervals for 2.5
      yr to provide inertial characteristics for the leg, thigh, lower trunk and upper
      trunk segments. These characteristics were derived using an elliptical zone
      modelling technique. Following a correlation analysis, significant prediction
      equations of segment inertial parameters were derived from five, or fewer,
      anthropometric measurements. For all cases, more than 84% of the variance in the
      dependent variable was accounted for with a maximum R2 value of 94% being
      recorded for the prediction of thigh segment mass. The use of these prediction
      equations offered accurate and convenient estimates of body segment inertial
      characteristics within the limitations applicable to all modelling approaches. In
      contrast to recent studies, these equations accommodated the current
      morphological status of the subject.

PMID- 3384829
TI  - Measurement of the trunk musculature of active males using CT scan radiography:
      implications for force and moment generating capacity about the L4/L5 joint.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to add to the growing database of cross-sectional
      areas and moment arm lengths of trunk musculature using the methods of
      computerized tomographic scanning. An attempt was also made to estimate muscle
      force and moment generating capacity under various reported values of muscle
      force per unit cross-sectional area. The data were obtained on 13 active men 40.5
      +/- 11.9 years of age, 173.8 +/- 5.9 cm tall and 89.1 +/- 11.7 kg body mass.
      Transverse CT scans were taken at the level of the L4/L5 disc with the subjects
      supine. Muscle cross-sectional areas were measured from 35 mm slides of the scans
      using a planimeter and moment arm length in the transverse plane were taken from
      the centroid of the L4/L5 disc to the centroid of the muscle section. Prior to
      estimating force and moment generating capacity, areas were corrected, where
      necessary, for fibre pennation angle to produce a physiological cross-sectional
      area. The physiological cross-sectional areas (cm2) for one side of the body were
      (mean +/- S.D.): sacrospinalis (SS) 15.9 +/- 2.5; multifidus (Mu) 4.2 +/- 0.7;
      psoas (Ps) 17.6 +/- 4.0; rectus abdominis (RA) 7.9 +/- 2.5; external oblique (EO)
      9.4 +/- 2.7; internal oblique (IO) 8.1 +/- 2.3; transverse abdominus (TA) 2.9 +/-
      1.3. The anterior posterior moment arm lengths were: erector mass (SS and Mu
      combined) 5.90 +/- 0.52; Ps 0.58 +/- 0.40; R.A. 10.28 +/- 2.07; E.O. (anterior
      portion) 5.94 +/- 1.39; E.O. (posterior portion) 2.08 +/- 1.39; I.O. (anterior
      portion) 6.92 +/- 1.63; I.O. (posterior portion) 3.85 +/- 1.54. The corresponding
      lateral moment arm lengths were: 3.26 +/- 0.36; 4.88 +/- 0.36; 4.35 +/- 1.31;
      12.86 +/- 1.93; 13.95 +/- 1.16; 10.77 +/- 2.02; 12.52 +/- 1.26. The maximum force
      per unit cross-section that human muscles are capable of generating is not well
      defined. However, assuming an intermediate value of 50 N cm-2 of physiological
      cross-section, the erector musculature observed at the L4/L5 level should be
      capable of generating an extensor moment of about 118 N.m. At a muscle stress of
      30 or 90 N cm-2, values also reported on human muscle, the moment would be 71 and
      213 Nm, respectively. It must be remembered, however, that muscles not observable
      at the L4/L5 level can create moments around that center of rotation.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3384830
TI  - Contraception in women over forty.

PMID- 3384831
TI  - Compensatory payments and vasectomy acceptance in urban Sri Lanka.

PMID- 3384832
TI  - Education, age at first birth, and the timing of fertility in the United States:
      recent trends.

PMID- 3384833
TI  - Age at first birth and lifetime fertility.

PMID- 3384834
TI  - Birth spacing in Pakistan.

PMID- 3384835
TI  - Female stress and birth seasonality in Tanzania.

PMID- 3384836
TI  - Sibling, family environment and ability correlates of adolescents' aspirations:
      ethnic group differences.

PMID- 3384837
TI  - Spouse selection in Canada, 1921-78: an examination by age, sex and religion.

PMID- 3384838
TI  - Demographic characteristics and their genetic implications in a small island.

PMID- 3384839
TI  - Parental consanguinity in two generations in Japan.

PMID- 3384840
TI  - Mortality estimates for South Kampala based on 1980 Uganda Population Census.

PMID- 3384841
TI  - Neoplasms of the skin and other organs observed in Swiss mice treated with
      nitrosoalkylureas.
AB  - A number of nitrosoalkylureas, nitrosoalkylcarbamates, and chlorinated
      nitrosotrialkylureas were painted twice a week on the skin of female Swiss mice
      at a concentration of 40 mM. Of the 29 compounds, 16 induced skin tumors in 4 or
      more of 20 mice; 9 compounds produced tumors in 10 or more mice. Most of the skin
      tumors were squamous cell or basal cell carcinomas, and some sarcomas. These
      carcinomas and sarcomas of the skin were large, invasive, and in several animals
      there were multiple large metastases to the lungs and lymph nodes. Treatment with
      several of the compounds was associated with poor survival. The median survival
      in many other groups was reduced considerably below the 2-year survival of
      acetone-treated controls. Many of the treatments led to development of tumors of
      internal organs, including mammary carcinomas, adenocarcinomas and squamous cell
      carcinomas of the lung, and tumors of the stomach. The stomach tumors might have
      arisen through exposure to the compound licked from the skin. It appears that
      several of the compounds were absorbed through the skin of the mice and exerted
      their effect systemically.

PMID- 3384842
TI  - Histologic and ultrastructural alterations of a xenografted human colon
      adenocarcinoma after treatment with titanocene dichloride.
AB  - The influence of the antitumor agent titanocene dichloride on the morphologic
      appearance of a heterotransplanted human colon adenocarcinoma was investigated.
      The first alterations in tumor cells manifested 12 h after administration of a
      single dose (40 mg/kg) and consisted of nuclear changes, such as chromatin
      condensation, enlargement of the nuclear envelope, structural changes of the
      nucleoli, and formation of segmented nuclei 12 h later; bundles of
      microfilaments, lipid droplets and inclusion bodies, often containing cellular
      debris, occurred in the cytoplasm. Intracytoplasmic virus particles of type A
      were detectable. They were obviously extruded into the extracellular space by a
      budding process and became extracellular virus particles of type C. Within 24 h
      after treatment, the mitotic index decreased from 2.5% to 0.3%. Whereas after
      administration of a single dose, recovery phenomena took place between 2 and 4
      days, the severe destruction induced by 3-fold doses of titanocene dichloride (3
      X 30 mg/kg), was apparently not reversible. These results confirm the tumor
      inhibiting potency of titanocene dichloride against human colon adenocarcinoma
      and underline the discriminatory power of morphologic studies in the preclinical
      evaluation of cytostatic drugs against heterotransplanted human tumors.

PMID- 3384843
TI  - Differential effects of phorbol ester tumor promoters on 3-methylcholanthrene
      induced epithelial and mesenchymal skin tumorigenesis.
AB  - The effects of TPA, PDD, PDB, PDA, or MEZ on epithelial and mesenchymal skin
      tumors induced by a s.c. injection of MCA were studied histologically. Group-I
      mice received only MCA. At 6 weeks after MCA injection, mice in groups II to VII
      received acetone, 1.8 nmol TPA, PDD, PDB, PDA, or 6.1 nmol MEZ respectively in
      0.1 ml acetone twice weekly until tumor development. Alterations in skin tumor
      induction patterns were also studied in animals that had been exposed to TPA or
      acetone for 10 weeks prior to s.c. injection of MCA. Exposure of mouse skin to
      TPA before or after carcinogen administration increased 2- to 3.5-fold, the
      incidence of carcinoma and mixed tumors of epithelial and mesenchymal
      histogenesis. The average time of tumor induction decreased in mice treated with
      MCA + TPA and 100% of the test animals in the TPA + MCA group developed tumors.
      In contrast, TPA-related phorbol esters inhibited skin tumor development,
      particularly trichoepithelioma and fibrosarcoma and increased the average time of
      tumor induction.

PMID- 3384844
TI  - Low toxicity cancer chemotherapy by suicide inactivation of DNA polymerase alpha
      holoenzyme: first results with new thiazolidinyl- and perhydrothiazinyl-ethyl-N
      mustard-phosphamide esters.
AB  - Thiazolidinyl- and perhydrothiazinyl-ethyl-N-mustard-phosphamide esters were
      designed to act as highly specific suicide inactivators of DNA polymerase alpha
      holoenzymes. Acute and subacute toxicity of these drugs in mice was very small.
      By daily i.p. injection, on day 0-4 mice were cured of P 388 lymphatic leukaemia
      with no depression of blood leucocytes. The findings suggest that suicide
      inactivators of DNA polymerase alpha holoenzyme may be promising drugs for low
      toxicity cancer chemotherapy.

PMID- 3384846
TI  - Comparison of in vivo and in vitro activity of estrogen-linked nitrosoureas in
      methylnitrosourea-induced rat mammary carcinoma.
AB  - The anticancer activity of estradiol-linked 2-chloroethylnitrosoureas in
      methylnitrosourea-induced rat mammary carcinoma was investigated using the short
      term assay and the bilayer soft agar system after in vitro exposure as well as
      the monolayer methylcellulose assay following in vivo treatment. The aim was to
      evaluate to what extent previous in vivo findings are paralleled by the results
      of two in vitro test systems and the monolayer culture technique ex vivo. From
      the test systems investigated and under the conditions used, the results of the
      short-term test and the monolayer methylcellulose assay did not show a
      correlation with previous in vivo findings. Only the results of the bilayer
      clonogenic assay paralleled therapeutic parameters in vivo, although the degree
      of activity obtained in vivo was not reflected in vitro.

PMID- 3384845
TI  - Multiple myeloma of the serosa coat.
AB  - We report on a 47-year-old male patient with IgA-kappa plasmacytoma, who 12
      months subsequent to diagnosis developed marked ascites. On light and electron
      microscopy morphologically identical plasma cells with bizarre intracytoplasmatic
      material were found in the bone marrow, pleural exudate, and ascites fluid. This
      kind of extramedullary spread is extremely rare and usually resists therapy. The
      mean survival rate for the 9 patients with malignant plasmacellular ascites whose
      cases have been documented so far was 2 months. After progression under VCMP
      regimens our patient has been successfully treated over a period of more than 4
      years with i.v. VP16 monotherapy with additional intermittent local
      administration of methotrexate and systemic poly-chemotherapy according to the
      VAD scheme.

PMID- 3384847
TI  - Vascularization and curability of stage III and IV nasopharyngeal tumors.
AB  - In a retrospective study the capillary density was determined in biopsies from 25
      cases of nasopharyngeal tumor, stages III and IV. Determinations were made on
      stained histological sections by counting the capillaries within a standard field
      size and at standard magnification. A statistically significant correlation was
      found to exist between capillary density and eventually with chemotherapy. No
      correlation between survival and age or sex of the patients, or stage of tumor,
      was noted. It is concluded that capillary density in nasopharyngeal tumors has a
      predictive value.

PMID- 3384848
TI  - Visualization of domain formation in the inner and outer leaflets of a
      phospholipid bilayer.
AB  - Large vesicles (5-10-micron in diameter) were formed in the presence of
      phospholipids fluorescently labeled on the acyl chain and visualized using a
      fluorescence microscope, charge-coupled-device camera and digital image
      processor. When such vesicles contained a fluorescent phosphatidic acid (PA) and
      were exposed to 2 mM CaCl2 or 0.5 mM PrCl3, it was possible to visualize PA
      enriched domains within the vesicles. Calcium-induced domain formation was
      reversible in the presence of 4 mM EGTA. Vesicles were formed containing
      fluorescent PA on either the inner or outer leaflet of the bilayer and the
      patching and dissolution of patching were studied under conditions where calcium
      was present on the outside of the vesicle and where calcium was distributed
      across the bilayer. In addition, vesicles were formed with two different
      fluorescent PA's, one on the inner leaflet and a different one on the outer
      leaflet of the bilayer. The results of the experiments show that in vesicles
      formed primarily with naturally occurring phospholipids such as egg
      phosphatidylcholine or brain phosphatidylethanolamine, there was no coordinate
      action of the two leaflets of the bilayer. An exception to this was found,
      however, if the vesicles were formed in the presence of primarily dioleoyl
      phospholipids (greater than 95 mol %). In these vesicles there was a coordinate
      or coupled response to calcium by the two leaflets of the bilayer. In most cases,
      however, the two leaflets of the bilayer showed independent or uncoupled domain
      formation.

PMID- 3384849
TI  - Mechanism of spontaneous inside-out vesiculation of red cell membranes.
AB  - In certain conditions, human red cell membranes spontaneously form inside out
      vesicles within 20 min after hypotonic lysis. Study of the geometry of this
      process now reveals that, contrary to earlier views of vesiculation by
      endocytosis or by the mechanical shearing of cytoskeleton-depleted membrane,
      lysis generates a persistent membrane edge which spontaneously curls, cuts, and
      splices the membrane surface to form single or concentric vesicles. Analysis of
      the processes by which proteins may stabilize a free membrane edge led us to
      formulate a novel zip-type mechanism for membrane cutting-splicing and fusion
      even in the absence of free edges. Such protein-led membrane fusion represents an
      alternative to mechanisms of membrane fusion based on phospholipid interactions,
      and may prove relevant to processes of secretion, endocytosis, phagocytosis, and
      membrane recycling in many cell types.

PMID- 3384850
TI  - Direct demonstration of actin filament annealing in vitro.
AB  - Direct electron microscopic examination confirms that short actin filaments
      rapidly anneal end-to-end in vitro, leading over time to an increase in filament
      length at steady state. During annealing of mixtures of native unlabeled
      filaments and glutaraldehyde-fixed filaments labeled with myosin subfragment-1,
      the structural polarity within heteropolymers is conserved absolutely. Annealing
      does not appear to require either ATP hydrolysis or the presence of exogenous
      actin monomers, suggesting that joining occurs through the direct association of
      filament ends. During recovery from sonication the initial rate of annealing is
      consistent with a second-order reaction involving the collision of two filament
      ends with an apparent annealing rate constant of 10(7) M-1s-1. This rapid phase
      lasts less than 10 s and is followed by a slow phase lasting minutes to hours.
      Annealing is calculated to contribute minimally to filament elongation during the
      initial stages of self-assembly. However, the rapid rate of annealing of
      sonicated fixed filaments observed in vitro suggests that it may be an efficient
      mechanism for repairing breaks in filaments and that annealing together with
      polymer-severing mechanisms may contribute significantly to the dynamics and
      function of actin filaments in vivo.

PMID- 3384852
TI  - Purified thick filaments from the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans: evidence for
      multiple proteins associated with core structures.
AB  - The thick filaments of the nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans, arising
      predominantly from the body-wall muscles, contain two myosin isoforms and
      paramyosin as their major proteins. The two myosins are located in distinct
      regions of the surfaces, while paramyosin is located within the backbones of the
      filaments. Tubular structures constitute the cores of the polar regions, and
      electron-dense material is present in the cores of the central regions (Epstein,
      H.F., D.M. Miller, I. Ortiz, and G.C. Berliner. 1985. J. Cell Biol. 100:904-915).
      Biochemical, genetic, and immunological experiments indicate that the two myosins
      and paramyosin are not necessary core components (Epstein, H.F., I. Ortiz, and
      L.A. Traeger Mackinnon. 1986. J. Cell Biol. 103:985-993). The existence of the
      core structures suggests, therefore, that additional proteins may be associated
      with thick filaments in C. elegans. To biochemically detect minor associated
      proteins, a new procedure for the isolation of thick filaments of high purity and
      structural preservation has been developed. The final step, glycerol gradient
      centrifugation, yielded fractions that are contaminated by, at most, 1-2% with
      actin, tropomyosin, or ribosome-associated proteins on the basis of Coomassie
      Blue staining and electron microscopy. Silver staining and radioautography of gel
      electrophoretograms of unlabeled and 35S-labeled proteins, respectively, revealed
      at least 10 additional bands that cosedimented with thick filaments in glycerol
      gradients. Core structures prepared from wild-type thick filaments contained at
      least six of these thick filament-associated protein bands. The six proteins also
      cosedimented with thick filaments purified by gradient centrifugation from CB190
      mutants lacking myosin heavy chain B and from CB1214 mutants lacking paramyosin.
      For these reasons, we propose that the six associated proteins are potential
      candidates for putative components of core structures in the thick filaments of
      body-wall muscles of C. elegans.

PMID- 3384851
TI  - Characterization of 83-kilodalton nonmuscle caldesmon from cultured rat cells:
      stimulation of actin binding of nonmuscle tropomyosin and periodic localization
      along microfilaments like tropomyosin.
AB  - Nonmuscle caldesmon purified from cultured rat cells shows a molecular weight of
      83,000 on SDS gels, Stokes radius of 60.5 A, and sedimentation coefficient
      (S20,w) of 3.5 in the presence of reducing agents. These values give a native
      molecular weight of 87,000 and a frictional ratio of 2.04, suggesting that the
      molecule is a monomeric, asymmetric protein. In the absence of reducing agents,
      the protein is self-associated, through disulfide bonds, into oligomers with a
      molecular weight of 230,000 on SDS gels. These S-S oligomers appear to be
      responsible for the actin-bundling activity of nonmuscle caldesmon in the absence
      of reducing agents. Actin binding is saturated at a molar ratio of one 83-kD
      protein to six actins with an apparent binding constant of 5 X 10(6) M-1. Because
      of 83-kD nonmuscle caldesmon and tropomyosin are colocalized in stress fibers of
      cultured cells, we have examined effects of 83-kD protein on the actin binding of
      cultured cell tropomyosin. Of five isoforms of cultured rat cell tropomyosin,
      tropomyosin isoforms with high molecular weight values (40,000 and 36,500) show
      higher affinity to actin than do tropomyosin isoforms with low molecular weight
      values (32,400 and 32,000) (Matsumura, F., and S. Yamashiro-Matsumura. 1986. J.
      Biol. Chem. 260:13851-13859). At physiological concentration of KCl (100 mM), 83
      kD nonmuscle caldesmon stimulates binding of low molecular weight tropomyosins to
      actin and increases the apparent binding constant (Ka from 4.4 X 10(5) to 1.5 X
      10(6) M-1. In contrast, 83-kD protein has slight stimulation of actin binding of
      high molecular weight tropomyosins because high molecular weight tropomyosins
      bind to actin strongly in this condition. As the binding of 83-kD protein to
      actin is regulated by calcium/calmodulin, 83-kD protein regulates the binding of
      low molecular weight tropomyosins to actin in a calcium/calmodulin-dependent way.
      Using monoclonal antibodies to visualize nonmuscle caldesmon along microfilaments
      or actin filaments reconstituted with purified 83-kD protein, we demonstrate that
      83-kD nonmuscle caldesmon is localized periodically along microfilaments or actin
      filaments with similar periodicity (36 +/- 4 nm) as tropomyosin. These results
      suggest that 83-kD protein plays an important role in the organization of
      microfilaments, as well as the control of the motility, through the regulation of
      the binding of tropomyosin to actin.

PMID- 3384853
TI  - Cellular localization of muscle and nonmuscle actin mRNAs in chicken primary
      myogenic cultures: the induction of alpha-skeletal actin mRNA is regulated
      independently of alpha-cardiac actin gene expression.
AB  - Specific DNA fragments complementary to the 3' untranslated regions of the beta-,
      alpha-cardiac, and alpha-skeletal actin mRNAs were used as in situ hybridization
      probes to examine differential expression and distribution of these mRNAs in
      primary myogenic cultures. We demonstrated that prefusion bipolar-shaped cells
      derived from day 3 dissociated embryonic somites were equivalent to myoblasts
      derived from embryonic day 11-12 pectoral tissue with respect to the expression
      of the alpha-cardiac actin gene. Fibroblasts present in primary muscle cultures
      were not labeled by the alpha-cardiac actin gene probe. Since virtually all of
      the bipolar cells express alpha-cardiac actin mRNA before fusion, we suggest that
      the bipolar phenotype may distinguish a committed myogenic cell type. In
      contrast, alpha-skeletal actin mRNA accumulates only in multinucleated myotubes
      and appears to be regulated independently from the alpha-cardiac actin gene.
      Accumulation of alpha-skeletal but not alpha-cardiac actin mRNA can be blocked by
      growth in Ca2+-deficient medium which arrests myoblast fusion. Thus, the
      sequential appearance of alpha-cardiac and then alpha-skeletal actin mRNA may
      result from factors that arise during terminal differentiation. Finally, the beta
      actin mRNA was located in both fibroblasts and myoblasts but diminished in
      content during myoblast fusion and was absent from differentiated myotubes. It
      appears that in primary myogenic cultures, an asynchronous stage-dependent
      induction of two different alpha-striated actin mRNA species occurs concomitant
      with the deinduction of the nonmuscle beta-actin gene.

PMID- 3384854
TI  - Distribution of extrajunctional acetylcholine receptors on a vertebrate muscle:
      evaluated by using a scanning electron microscope autoradiographic procedure.
AB  - A scanning electron microscope (SEM) autoradiographic technique was calibrated
      and used to determine the site density of acetylcholine receptors within 250
      micron of the neuromuscular junction in innervated as well as 3- and 10-d
      denervated sternomastoid muscle of the mouse. In all these groups sharp gradients
      of receptor site density are seen around the endplates in the first 2-7 micron,
      continuing less sharply to between 25 and 50 micron. Beyond 50 micron (to 250
      micron) a spatial density gradient is present 3 d after denervation, but none
      exist by 10 d. These results suggest that the postdenervation steady-state
      extrajunctional receptor site density is reached sooner near the junction than
      away from the junction. The usefulness of SEM autoradiography to study the
      expression and distribution of membrane molecules at high resolution is
      demonstrated.

PMID- 3384855
TI  - Molecular basis of growth cone adhesion: anchoring of adheron-containing
      filaments at adhesive loci.
AB  - Adhesive contacts made by filopodia of neuronal growth cones are essential for
      proper neurite elongation and may have a role in the formation of synaptic
      junctions. Previously we described the appearance of filamentous materials
      extending from growth cone surfaces that seem to be associated with the strongly
      adhesive behavior of filopodia (Tsui, H.-C., K. L. Lankford, and W. L. Klein.
      1985. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 82:8256-8260). Here, we have used immunogold
      labeling to determine whether known adhesive molecules might be localized at
      points of adhesion and possibly be constituents of the filamentous material.
      Antibodies to an adhesive molecule (neural cell adhesion molecule [N-CAM]) and to
      an adhesive macromolecular complex of proteins and proteoglycans (adheron) were
      localized at the EM level in whole mounts of cultured avian retina cells.
      Labeling of fixed cells showed that N-CAM and adheron molecules were both present
      on growth cones and on filopodia. However, filamentous materials extending from
      the cell surface were labeled with anti-adheron but not with anti-N-CAM. If cells
      were labeled before fixation, patches of anti-N-CAM labeling occurred in random
      areas over the growth cones, but adheron antibodies concentrated at points of
      apparent adhesion. Particularly dense clustering of anti-adheron occurred at
      individual filopodial tips and at points of contact between pairs of filopodia.
      The different patterns of labeling imply that N-CAMS do not associate with the
      main antigenic components of adheron on the membrane surface. Most importantly,
      the data indicate the N-CAMs were mobile in the membrane but that constituents of
      adherons were anchored at adhesive loci. An appealing hypothesis is that
      molecules found in adheron preparations have an important role in establishing
      the adhesive junctions formed by growth cone filopodia.

PMID- 3384858
TI  - [Apropos of 72 gynecomastia].
AB  - Sixty-nine cases of true gynecomastia are reported and etiological, clinical and
      surgical problems encountered in male senologic practice discussed. Endocrine and
      drug factors are well established, but half of the cases are idiopathic.
      Diagnosis is based on specific clinical, mammographic and histologic findings,
      treatment being surgical with or without fat aspiration or skin reduction.

PMID- 3384857
TI  - The Chlamydomonas cell wall degrading enzyme, lysin, acts on two substrates
      within the framework of the wall.
AB  - The Chlamydomonas cell wall is a multilayered, extracellular matrix containing 20
      25 proteins and glycoproteins, many of which are highly enriched in
      hydroxyproline. 80-90% of the wall protein is located in a crystalline portion of
      the wall that is soluble in sarkosyl-urea solutions as well as in chaotropic
      salts. Although the wall has no cellulose it contains a noncrystalline, highly
      insoluble framework portion that is responsible for the integrity and overall
      shape of the wall. In the present report we show that the framework of the wall
      is composed of two components that are acted upon by lysin, a wall degrading
      enzyme released by mating gametes. One, which makes up the major portion of the
      framework, is insoluble upon boiling in SDS-PAGE sample buffer. Lysin treatment
      of this portion leads to its physical degradation and the concomitant appearance
      of several SDS-dithiothreitol-soluble polypeptides ranging in relative molecular
      mass from greater than 400,000 to less than 60,000. The second component is the
      flagellar collar. This hollow cylinder composed of striated fibers aligned in
      parallel array serves as the tunnel in the wall through which the flagella
      protrude. Our evidence indicates that the primary collar polypeptide is a 225,000
      Mr molecule that itself has at least two functional domains. One domain,
      contained in a 185,000-Mr fragment, permits the self-association of the molecules
      to form the main body of the collar. The second part of the molecule anchors the
      collar to the wall framework via sarkosyl-urea-insensitive, SDS-dithiothreitol
      sensitive linkages.

PMID- 3384856
TI  - Differentiation of muscle, fat, cartilage, and bone from progenitor cells present
      in a bone-derived clonal cell population: effect of dexamethasone.
AB  - RCJ 3.1, a clonally derived cell population isolated from 21-d fetal rat
      calvaria, expresses the osteoblast-associated characteristics of polygonal
      morphology, a cAMP response to parathyroid hormone, synthesis of predominantly
      type I collagen, and the presence of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-regulated alkaline
      phosphatase activity. When cultured in the presence of ascorbic acid, sodium beta
      glycerophosphate, and the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone, this clone
      differentiated in a time-dependent manner into four morphologically distinct
      phenotypes of known mesenchymal origin. Multinucleated muscle cells were observed
      as early as 9-10 d in culture, lipid-containing adipocytes formed after 12 d,
      chondrocyte nodules were observed after 16 d, and mineralized bone nodules formed
      after 21 d in culture. The differentiated cell types were characterized
      morphologically, histochemically, and immunohistochemically. The formation of
      adipocytes and chondrocytes was dependent upon the addition of dexamethasone; the
      muscle and bone phenotypes were also expressed at low frequency in the absence of
      dexamethasone. The sex steroid hormones progesterone and 17 beta-estradiol had no
      effect on differentiation in this system, suggesting that the effects of
      dexamethasone represent effects specific for glucocorticosteroids. Increasing
      concentrations of dexamethasone (10(-9)-10(-6) M) increased the numbers of
      myotubes, adipocytes, and chondrocytes; however, when present continuously for 35
      d, the lower concentrations appeared to better maintain the muscle and adipocyte
      phenotypes. Bone nodules were not quantitated because the frequency of bone
      nodule formation was too low. Single cells obtained by plating RCJ 3.1 cells at
      limiting dilutions in the presence of dexamethasone, were shown to give rise to
      subclones that could differentiate into either single or multiple phenotypes.
      Thus, the data suggest that this clonal cell line contains subpopulations of
      mesenchymal progenitor cells which can, under the influence of glucocorticoid
      hormones, differentiate in vitro into four distinct cell types. It is, therefore,
      a unique cell line which will be of great use in the study of the regulation of
      mesenchymal stem cell differentiation.

PMID- 3384860
TI  - [Perforations of the small intestine and intestinal parasitic diseases. Apropos
      of a case of peritonitis caused by the perforation of the small intestine
      combined with Taenia saginata infection].
AB  - A case is reported of peritonitis from perforation of the small intestine found
      on operation to be due to Taenia saginata. A review of the relevant literature of
      the last 20 years failed to find many similar cases, parasites, particularly
      Taenia being an exceptional direct cause of perforation. In the case reported,
      however, a direct cause/effect relation is highly probable.

PMID- 3384859
TI  - [Granular cell tumors of the esophagus. Apropos of a case combined with an
      epidermoid carcinoma of the esophagus].
AB  - A 51-year-old man had epidermoid carcinoma in the middle third of the esophagus.
      The esophagus was resected. On histologic examination there was a granular cell
      tumor in the lower third of the esophagus. The patient died 4 months after
      surgery from pulmonary failure. Granular cell tumors are generally benign. There
      have been 86 cases involving the esophagus discussed in the literature; 7 cases
      were associated with bronchial [3], esophageal [2], gastric [1] or otolaryngeal
      [1] carcinoma and 1 with a lymphoma. Our case emphasizes the need to evaluate the
      entire esophagus when a lesion is identified. The occurrence of granular cell
      tumor of the esophagus justifies prolonged surveillance in order not to neglect
      an associated tumor.

PMID- 3384861
TI  - [Verrucous carcinoma of the penis. 2 cases and review of the literature].
AB  - The Authors report general experience with two cases of penis verrucous
      carcinoma. Such a neoplasia, slowly evolving and not infiltrating the surrounding
      tissues, needs deep biopsies for a correct diagnosis. Surgical excision of the
      tumor is the choice treatment at an early stage: at an advanced stage demolitive
      therapy consisting in a partial or total penectomy is necessary. Recent findings
      of frank malignant squamous cell carcinoma arising in verrucous carcinoma raise
      serious concerns on the use of conservative therapies.

PMID- 3384863
TI  - Determination of the thromboxane synthetase inhibitor 6-(1-imidazolylmethyl)
      5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalene-2-carboxylic acid (DP-1904) in human plasma and
      urine using solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of 6-(1
      imidazolylmethyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalene-2-carboxylic acid hydrochloride
      hemihydrate (DP-1904), a potent and long-acting thromboxane synthetase inhibitor,
      in human plasma and urine has been developed. DP-1904 and an internal standard
      were extracted from plasma and urine by means of a Sep-Pak C18 cartridge. The
      methanol eluate was evaporated and the residue was chromatographed on a reversed
      phase column using tetrahydrofuran-0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution
      (pH 3.0) (1:16) as the mobile phase at a flow-rate of 1.2 ml/min. Ultraviolet
      detection at 240 nm resulted in limits of detection of 50 ng/ml for plasma and
      1.0 microgram/ml for urine. The method showed satisfactory accuracy and
      precision. The method was applied to the determination of DP-1904 in plasma and
      urine samples from a normal human volunteer who had received a 200-mg oral dose
      of the drug. DP-1904 was rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and had
      a half-life of ca. 30 min. The primary route of elimination was renal, with ca.
      60% of the dose being excreted in the urine in the unchanged form within 48 h.

PMID- 3384862
TI  - [Atypical pseudo-ovarian peritoneal carcinosis. A new case].

PMID- 3384864
TI  - Determination of 5-fluorouracil in plasma and whole blood by ion-pair high
      performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - 5-Fluorouracil in blood or plasma was determined by extraction and column liquid
      chromatography. Acetonitrile was added to blood or plasma and the mixture was
      stirred and centrifuged. Zinc sulfate addition was followed by stirring and
      centrifuging. The acetonitrile was salted out with ammonium sulfate, and an
      aliquot was evaporated with nitrogen. The residue was dissolved in mobile phase
      and chromatographed. The stationary phase was a styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer,
      and the mobile phase was 10 mM tetrabutylammonium hydroxide-methanol (74:26). 5
      Fluorouracil was detected by UV absorption at 266 nm. Time of the assay was less
      than 30 min. The detection limit was 10 ng/ml and the relative standard deviation
      was 4 to 10% depending on the concentration.

PMID- 3384865
TI  - Determination of methotrexate and its major metabolite, 7-hydroxymethotrexate,
      using capillary zone electrophoresis and laser-induced fluorescence detection.
AB  - High-dosage methotrexate therapy requires careful monitoring of the drug in serum
      to ensure minimal toxic effects. A simple, rapid and sensitive method for the
      separation and quantitation of methotrexate and its major metabolite, 7
      hydroxymethotrexate, using high-voltage capillary zone electrophoresis combined
      with laser-induced fluorescence detection is described. The detection limit for
      methotrexate is as low as 5.10(-10) M (signal-to-noise ratio = 3), while that for
      7-hydroxymethotrexate is 2.10(-9) M. The linearity of the system extends over
      nearly four orders of magnitude for both methotrexate and 7-hydroxymethotrexate.
      The extraction efficiency for the drug and its metabolite from serum is 80-85%
      using a Sep-Pak C18 cartridge. Quantitation of methotrexate in serum was possible
      in the 10(-10) M range, nearly two orders of magnitude lower than that currently
      obtainable by existing methods. Good correlation (r = 0.99) for serum
      methotrexate concentrations was obtained with an enzyme-multiplied immunoassay
      technique. Comparison with an enzyme inhibition assay also provided similar
      results.

PMID- 3384866
TI  - Measurement of homovanillic acid in small volumes of plasma using liquid
      chromatography with electrochemical detection.

PMID- 3384867
TI  - Simplified method for the determination of plasma 18-hydroxycorticosterone.

PMID- 3384868
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of formate as benzimidazole
      in biological samples.
AB  - Formate was determined as benzimidazole by high-performance liquid chromatography
      after reaction with o-phenylenediamine at 130 degrees C for 2 h in 1 M perchloric
      acid. The useful concentration range was 1.6-40 mumol/l and the determination
      limit was 20 pmol. The recoveries from rat liver homogenate and human urine were
      90.3 +/- 2.9 and 89.4 +/- 2.5%, respectively. Using this method, the activity of
      formaldehyde dehydrogenase in biological samples could be measured, and also the
      formate concentration in the liver and urine of rats to which methanol had been
      administered.

PMID- 3384869
TI  - Analysis of the isomeric tyrosines in mammalian and avian systems using high
      performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection.

PMID- 3384870
TI  - Hydrophobic chromatography: a one-step method for the purification of human liver
      microsomal epoxide hydrolase.

PMID- 3384871
TI  - Specific method for the determination of 1,4-thiomorpholine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid
      and its unsaturated analogue lanthionine ketimine.

PMID- 3384872
TI  - Determination of xylazine in blood components using high-performance liquid
      chromatography.

PMID- 3384873
TI  - Quantitation of acetaminophen and its metabolites in rat plasma after a toxic
      dose.

PMID- 3384874
TI  - Improved procedure for quantitation of omeprazole and metabolites using reversed
      phase high-performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 3384875
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic resolution of the enantiomers of
      thioridazine, its metabolites and related compounds.

PMID- 3384876
TI  - Determination of oxprenolol in plasma by column liquid chromatography.

PMID- 3384877
TI  - Simple extraction of atenolol from urine and its determination by high
      performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 3384878
TI  - Selective determination of urinary free cortisol by liquid chromatography after
      solid-state extraction.
AB  - We have developed a selective and precise high-performance liquid chromatographic
      method for urinary free cortisol with an improved and efficient sample clean-up
      using C18 Sep-Pak cartridges. The urine sample (2 ml), with 11-deoxycortisol as
      internal standard, is applied to the Sep-Pak, which is then sequentially washed
      with acetone-water (1:4, v/v), water and hexane. Cortisol is eluted with diethyl
      ether, evaporated to dryness and redissolved in 2 ml of water. The wash cycle is
      repeated once using the same Sep-Pak cartridge. This double extraction greatly
      improves sample clean-up and allows modification of the mobile phase
      (tetrahydrofuran-methanol-water) so that cortisol is rapidly eluted as a single
      well resolved peak at 13 min. Chromatography is performed isocratically on a
      reversed-phase column with detection at 254 nm. Detection limits for urinary free
      cortisol by this procedure were two or three times lower than those obtained with
      two commercial radioimmunoassay kits. The chromatographic method was used
      successfully in the diagnosis of patients with hypercortisolism and Cushing's
      syndrome.

PMID- 3384879
TI  - Automated direct assay system for the measurement of sex steroid hormones in
      serum using high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - An automated direct assay system using high-performance liquid chromatography was
      developed for the simultaneous measurement of estradiol, estrone, progesterone,
      17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, 20 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, testosterone and
      androstenedione in biological fluids. A comparison between the values measured by
      this method and by radioimmunoassay revealed good correlation for estradiol (r =
      0.938, p less than 0.001) and progesterone (r = 0.903, p less than 0.001).
      Estradiol and estrone could be analysed above the level of 250 pg/ml, and
      progesterone, 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, 20 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone,
      testosterone and androstenedione could be analysed above the level of 5.0-7.5
      ng/ml. The method was applied to the clinical appraisal of placental function and
      maturation of ovarian follicles.

PMID- 3384880
TI  - Quantitation of polyamines in cultured cells and tissue homogenates by reversed
      phase high-performance liquid chromatography of their benzoyl derivatives.
AB  - A rapid and simple method, originally described by Redmond and Tseng [J.
      Chromatogr., 170 (1979) 479] was applied to the analysis of di- and polyamines in
      cultured human tumour cells and human tumour xenografts. Optimization of the
      procedures and evaluation of the characteristic features of the assay are
      described. The (modified) procedure employs precolumn derivatization with benzoyl
      chloride, extraction of the derivatives by chloroform, separation by reversed
      phase high-performance liquid chromatography under isocratic conditions and
      detection by ultraviolet absorbance measurement at 229 nm. The complete analysis
      was accomplished within 10 min per sample. The detection limit was ca. 1 pmol.
      The intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation were 2.5-4.4% and 3.4-13.1%,
      respectively. The presence of well known inhibitors of polyamine biosynthesis,
      such as DL-alpha-difluoromethylornithine and methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone),
      did not interfere with the assay, and disturbance by cyclohexylamine could be
      avoided by changing the polarity of the mobile phase. The method proved to be
      very suitable because it is rapid, simple, requires a minimum of sample
      pretreatment, and still provides sufficient sensitivity to quantitate polyamines
      in relatively small amounts of cells (10(5) cells) or tumour tissues (less than 1
      mg), even after treatment with inhibitors of polyamine biosynthesis.

PMID- 3384881
TI  - Separation and quantification of histone H1 subtypes and high-mobility-group
      proteins by reversed-phase liquid chromatography: protein levels in rat tissues
      during postnatal development.
AB  - The rapid separation and quantification of histone H1 subtypes and high-mobility
      group (HMG) chromatin proteins by reversed-phase liquid chromatography on a
      butylsilica-based column is described. The proteins were fractionated by means of
      a multi-step acetonitrile gradient containing 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid. This
      system is capable of resolving the four main HMG proteins (1, 2, 14 and 17), HMG
      I, protein P1 with HMG 18 and HMG 19 (in one peak) and five histone H1 subtypes
      in a single 33-min analysis. This method was used to study levels of these
      chromosomal proteins in nuclei of rat liver, spleen, testis and thymus during
      postnatal development from 1 to 20 weeks of age. Although no clear tissue
      specificity of the HMG proteins was apparent, there were significant differences
      in the relative amounts of these proteins in different tissues. The relative
      amount of HMG 1 increased from 1 to 12 weeks of age and decreased thereafter,
      whereas those of HMG 14 and HMG 17 remained almost unchanged. Marked quantitative
      differences were observed in the five histone H1 subtypes in different tissues.
      The largest changes in their levels during development were found in the liver
      and the smallest changes in the thymus. The changes in the spleen and testis were
      intermediate. These results suggest that the changes in the relative amounts of
      histone H1 subtypes and HMG proteins observed during postnatal development of the
      rat may result from differences in the structure of chromatin in these tissues
      and thus reflect the activity of molecular mechanisms involved in replication and
      differentiation of the cells.

PMID- 3384882
TI  - Determination of oxidation products of N-phenyllinoleamide: Spanish toxic oil
      syndrome studies.
AB  - The early identification of fatty acid anilides in suspect oils directed
      attention to their possible role in the Spanish toxic oil syndrome. These
      anilides or their oxidized derivatives could have been spontaneously formed
      during the handling and/or storage of the oil. The exact cause of the
      intoxication is still unknown but free radical and peroxidative mechanisms have
      been implicated in its etiology. Epoxy-hydroxylated derivatives from linoleic
      acid anilide were obtained using a model of accelerated oxidation. Their mass
      spectral patterns agree with the trimethylsilyl ethers of N-phenyl-9,10-epoxy-11
      hydroxy-12-octadecenamide and N-phenyl-12,13-epoxy-11-hydroxy-9-octadecenamide,
      respectively. These compounds were also identified is rapeseed oil samples
      supplemented with N-phenyl-linoleamide and submitted to the reported accelerated
      oxidation method.

PMID- 3384883
TI  - Simultaneous determination of imipramine, desipramine and their deuterium
      labelled analogues in biological fluids by capillary gas chromatography-mass
      spectrometry.
AB  - A specific, sensitive and accurate method for the determination of imipramine,
      desipramine and their d4 analogues in biological fluids using d8 analogues as
      internal standards using capillary gas chromatography-chemical ionization mass
      spectrometry was developed. Drug concentrations were measured by selected-ion
      monitoring of the quasi-molecular ions of imipramine and the trifluoro-acetyl
      derivative of desipramine. The coefficient of variation and relative error at a
      concentration of about 2 ng/ml in plasma were found less than 10% and 7%,
      respectively, for both drugs. No isotope effect was observed following the oral
      administration of an equimolar mixture of imipramine and [2H4]imipramine to a
      rat.

PMID- 3384884
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatography of amino acids, peptides and proteins.
      LXXXV. Evaluation of the use of hydrophobicity coefficients for the prediction of
      peptide elution profiles.
AB  - The gradient elution behaviour of five synthetic decapeptide analogues has been
      investigated using an octadecylsilica stationary phase and trifluoroacetic acid
      water-acetonitrile mobile phases. The influence of gradient time and flow-rate on
      the relative retentions and bandwidths of these peptides was assessed using
      quantitative expressions derived from linear solvent strength theory and general
      plate height theory. Linear relationships between logarithmic median capacity
      factors, log k, and the mole fraction of organic solvent modifier, phi, were
      observed over the experimental range of conditions used. The slopes of these
      plots were different for all peptides, which indicates that divergences will
      occur in the prediction of peptide retention times due to conformation dependent
      changes in hydrophobic contact area occupancy at the stationary phase surface.
      However, the differences in S values (tangent to the curve obtained in a plot of
      log k versus phi) for these peptides were not substantial enough to seriously
      affect the prediction of peptide retention times at one gradient slope from those
      observed at another. In addition, significant differences existed between
      experimental and theoretical peak capacity data of these peptide analogues of
      similar molecular weight and overall polarity, particularly at lower flow-rates
      or longer residence times. These results once again demonstrate that additional
      diffusional and interactive processes occur during the reversed-phase separation
      of peptides and proteins which are not yet adequately formalized by current
      chromatographic theory.

PMID- 3384885
TI  - Affinity chromatography on a hydrophobic matrix using a heterobifunctional
      ligand.
AB  - Affinity adsorption chromatographic purification using heterobifunctional ligands
      and a hydrophobic support is described. Soybean trypsin inhibitor was modified
      with a detergent, with the result that hydrophobic residues were attached to the
      inhibitor. On passage through an octyl-Sepharose column the inhibitor was bound
      to the support. The modified inhibitor was still able to bind trypsin either in
      free solution or after the inhibitor was bound by the support. This procedure
      forms the basis for a robust affinity purification technique that can be made
      very general.

PMID- 3384886
TI  - Thermospray liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric method for the analysis of
      metribuzin and its metabolites.
AB  - A thermospray liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric (TSP LC-MS) method has
      been developed for the analysis of the herbicide metribuzin and its three major
      metabolites in plant tissue. Metribuzin and its metabolites exhibited widely
      varying sensitivities in positive-ion TSP, with metribuzin being the most
      sensitive and deaminated diketo metribuzin being the least sensitive. All four
      compounds of interest were detected in an extract of a soybean plant which had
      been treated with metribuzin.

PMID- 3384887
TI  - Determination of coumarin as an adulterant in vanilla flavoring products by high
      performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - A high-performance liquid chromatographic procedure was developed for the
      isolation and quantitation of coumarin from vanilla-based liquid flavorings of
      Mexican origin. Forty products representing fourteen different Mexican brands
      were assayed for coumarin, vanillin, and ethyl vanillin by the proposed method.
      The procedure has been adapted to the analysis of other products including
      domestic vanilla extracts and imitation vanilla flavorings for vanillin, ethyl
      vanillin, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde and piperonal. Chromatographic retention data for
      thirty-seven compounds associated with vanillin and vanilla products employing
      two mobile phase systems are presented.

PMID- 3384888
TI  - Rapid, simultaneous determination of isomers of retinal, retinal oxime and
      retinol by high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - Thirteen geometric isomers of retinol, retinal and retinal oxime were resolved in
      a single chromatographic run on two 250 X 4 mm 5-micron LiChrosorb Si 60 columns
      in series, using 11.2% ethyl acetate, 1.4% 1-octanol and 2% dioxane in hexane as
      the mobile phase. All the 11-cis and all-trans isomers of retinol and retinal
      oxime were completely resolved from each other and from the 9-cis and 13-cis
      isomers. This chromatographic procedure should be particularly useful for
      quantifying geometric isomers of retinoids in methylene chloride-hydroxylamine
      extracts of biological samples such as ocular tissues.

PMID- 3384889
TI  - Separation of keto and keto-hydroxy bile acid isomers by high-performance liquid
      chromatography.

PMID- 3384890
TI  - Determination of desferrioxamine B, its complexes with iron and aluminium and
      selected derivatives by high-performance liquid chromatography using a polymer
      column.

PMID- 3384891
TI  - Oestrogen content of pomegranate seeds.

PMID- 3384892
TI  - Determination of 2-phenyl-2-imidazoline in air by high-performance liquid
      chromatography with ultraviolet detection.

PMID- 3384893
TI  - Failure of Campylobacter pylori to grow in commercial blood culture systems.
AB  - Of 50 blood culture sets, 20 Bacto (Difco Laboratories, Detroit, Mich.), 20 Septi
      Chek (Hoffmann-La Roche, Inc., Nutley, N.J.), and 10 BACTEC 6B and 7D (Johnston
      Laboratories, Inc., Towson, Md.) sets were inoculated with Campylobacter pylori
      and fresh human blood. None of the 50 blood cultures produced any detectable
      growth. Current commercial blood culture systems may be inadequate for the
      detection of C. pylori bacteremia.

PMID- 3384894
TI  - Mycobacterium avium complex pseudobacteriuria from a hospital water supply.
AB  - From July 1983 through November 1985, organisms belonging to Mycobacterium avium
      complex were isolated from the urine of 29 patients. Strains recovered from the
      urine of nine patients from July 1983 through August 1984 were serotyped. Eight
      of the nine samples belonged to serovar 4. M. avium complex was isolated from the
      urine of 21 patients during the period from November 1984 through November 1985.
      While the possibility of a point source contamination was investigated, M. avium
      complex was recovered from the phenol red solution used for processing urine
      specimens in the mycobacteriology laboratory and the deionized tap water of that
      laboratory that is used to make the reagent. M. avium complex serovar 4 was
      subsequently recovered from the tap water of the laboratory and four hospital
      wards. During the year following the installation of a microbiological filter for
      the mycobacteriology laboratory deionized tap water, 2 urine isolates were
      recovered, compared to 26 the previous year. This study demonstrates the
      importance of filtration devices at tap water sites that are used to make
      laboratory reagents and the value of serotyping as a marker for the detection of
      a specific source of M. avium complex contamination.

PMID- 3384895
TI  - Rat model for human cryptosporidiosis.
AB  - Effective treatment for Cryptosporidium infection in immunocompromised patients
      has yet to be found. We report a rodent model of persistent Cryptosporidium
      infection. Sprague-Dawley rats were injected subcutaneously twice a week for 8
      weeks with 25 mg of hydrocortisone acetate. Fed a regular low-protein diet for 9
      weeks, they were challenged once with 10(5) calf Cryptosporidium oocysts 5 weeks
      after the start of the hydrocortisone acetate regimen. Oocyst shedding was
      evaluated in feces daily by using a carbolfuchsin-staining method. Rats shed
      oocysts from days 2 to 9 after ingestion and developed a persistent infection for
      more than 38 days. Excretion was lower after subsequent parasite challenges,
      suggesting that a degree of protection developed progressively. The results
      suggest that this experimental model provides a procedure for screening candidate
      therapeutic agents.

PMID- 3384896
TI  - Recurrent epidermal cyst infection caused by Brucella melitensis in a diabetic
      patient.
AB  - A presternal swelling diagnosed clinically as a sebaceous cyst in a 60-year-old
      diabetic patient was surgically drained, and the aspirated purulant material
      yielded growth of Brucella melitensis. The swelling recurred four times and was
      drained on every occasion. The patient responded to surgical excision and
      antibrucella treatment. The histologic diagnosis was an epidermal cyst.

PMID- 3384897
TI  - Differential quantitation with a commercial blood culture tube for diagnosis of
      catheter-related infection.
AB  - Central-venous-catheter-related infection is readily diagnosed by comparing
      simultaneous quantitative cultures of blood samples obtained via the catheter and
      a peripheral vein. The DuPont Isolator 1.5 (Du Pont Co., Wilmington, Del.)
      microbial culture tube was evaluated as an aid in diagnosing catheter-related
      bacteremia and fungemia in children and was found to be a reliable and convenient
      laboratory device for determining whether a long-term central venous catheter is
      a focus of infection.

PMID- 3384899
TI  - Detection of coagulase activity in Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae.
AB  - Coagulase activity was detected in 99% of 225 strains of Erysipelothrix
      rhusiopathiae. These strains included isolates from a variety of animal and
      environmental sources. Activity could be detected by the tube or slide technique,
      with the tube reactions being easier to interpret. Coagulation of rabbit and/or
      bovine plasma was observed, with most strains reacting in both. The activity
      appeared to be a common characteristic of the species and may be useful in
      differentiating E. rhusiopathiae from Listeria and Corynebacterium species, which
      fail to demonstrate the activity. There was no correlation noted between
      coagulase activity and the serotype, source, geographic origin, or virulence (as
      detected by mouse pathogenicity tests) of the isolates.

PMID- 3384898
TI  - Urease-positive thermophilic Campylobacter (Campylobacter laridis variant)
      isolated from an appendix and from human feces.
AB  - Urease-positive thermophilic campylobacters were isolated for the first time from
      the feces of two adults with diarrheal disease and from the appendix of a child
      with appendicitis. They were identified as Campylobacter laridis by a
      hybridization dot blot assay. Urease testing should be included in the tests used
      for the identification of campylobacters at the species level, even for those
      strains which are not of gastric origin.

PMID- 3384900
TI  - Endocarditis caused by Capnocytophaga ochracea.
AB  - Capnocytophaga ochracea is a gram-negative, fusiform bacillus which is part of
      the normal human oral flora. This organism is often isolated from periodontal
      lesions of patients with periodontitis and is associated with sepsis in
      granulocytopenic patients. We report here a case of endocarditis caused by C.
      ochracea.

PMID- 3384901
TI  - Sera from patients with high titers of antibody to streptolysin O react with
      listeriolysin.
AB  - Sera of patients with suspected rheumatic fever and elevated titers of antibody
      to streptolysin O were examined by an immunoblotting technique. All but two serum
      samples, which yielded relatively low titers, bound to a 60-kilodalton protein in
      the supernatant from a culture of Listeria monocytogenes, which presumably
      represents the listeriolysin.

PMID- 3384903
TI  - Isolation of an unidentified pink-pigmented bacterium in a clinical specimen.
AB  - An unidentified pink-pigmented bacterium isolated from a clinical specimen is
      reported. The organism was oxidase, urease, and catalase positive; it grew on
      Thayer-Martin and MacConkey media. The isolate is possibly similar to an unnamed
      taxon (G.L. Gilardi and Y.C. Faur, J. Clin. Microbiol. 20:626-629, 1984);
      however, it had unique characteristics of nonmotility with no flagellum
      detectable and was a gram-negative coccoid with a few rods in pairs and negative
      for starch hydrolysis.

PMID- 3384902
TI  - Purification and properties of Bacteroides heparinolyticus heparinase (heparin
      lyase, EC 4.2.2.7).
AB  - Heparinase (heparin lyase, EC 4.2.2.7) was isolated from the cell extract of an
      oral bacterium, Bacteroides heparinolyticus. It was a basic protein with an
      isoelectric point of 9.5. Its molecular weight was 63,000. The enzyme was the
      most active against heparin among the tested mucopolysaccharides. Catalytic
      properties may be similar to those of heparinase of Flavobacterium heparinum,
      since the enzymatic degradation products obtained by using the two enzymes were
      the same on the basis of paper chromatography.

PMID- 3384904
TI  - Limitations of semiquantitative method for catheter culture.

PMID- 3384905
TI  - Multilocus enzyme analysis of Legionella dumoffii.
AB  - Variability among 29 clinical and environmental strains of Legionella dumoffii
      was investigated by multilocus enzyme analysis by use of starch gel
      electrophoresis. Based on results of analysis at 20 enzyme loci, the strains were
      separated into five closely related electrophoretic types (ETs), which were
      clearly distinguished from 53 strains representing 53 ETs of L. pneumophila. DNA
      hybridization results (hydroxyapatite method, 60 and 75 degrees C) for
      representative strains confirmed that all L. dumoffii ETs were a single genetic
      species. Although multilocus enzyme analysis indicated that L. dumoffii was
      genetically a quite uniform species, sufficient variability existed to warrant
      electromorph fingerprinting for epidemiologic studies.

PMID- 3384906
TI  - Factors affecting viability and growth in HeLa 229 cells of Chlamydia sp. strain
      TWAR.
AB  - Two prototype isolates (TW-183 and AR-39) of Chlamydia sp. strain TWAR were used
      to study factors affecting growth of this organism in HeLa 229 cells. The results
      showed that an incubation temperature of 35 degrees C was better than one of 37
      degrees C for growth. The burst size after 3 days of incubation at 35 degrees C
      was found to be small (13 to 52), which partially explains the difficulty of
      serial passage in cell culture. Application of a higher centrifugal force (1,700
      X g versus 900 X g) at the time of inoculation enhanced growth 2.2 to 3.6 times.
      Infectivity was enhanced by treatment of cells with DEAE-dextran (2.4 times) or
      poly-L-lysine (1.6 times), but not with Polybrene or polyethylene glycol. The
      viability of the TWAR organism in chlamydia transport medium SPG was also
      studied. It was shown that the organism was rapidly inactivated at room
      temperature (22 degrees C); only 1% remained viable after storage for 24 h. The
      viability was preserved at 4 degrees C, and 70% remained viable after storage for
      24 h. Freezing at -75 degrees C inactivated 23% of the organisms when the
      organisms were frozen within 4 h after harvesting and stored at 4 degrees C
      before freezing.

PMID- 3384907
TI  - Evaluation of MicroScan MIC panels for detection of oxacillin-resistant
      staphylococci.
AB  - Clinical isolates of staphylococci (420 Staphylococcus aureus isolates and 248
      coagulase-negative staphylococci) were tested by both MicroScan MIC panels
      (MicroScan, West Sacramento, Calif.) and an oxacillin agar screen (Mueller-Hinton
      agar [Difco Laboratories, Detroit, Mich.] containing 6 micrograms of oxacillin
      per ml and 4% NaCl) to evaluate the ability of MicroScan to detect oxacillin
      resistant strains. MicroScan panels and oxacillin agar screen plates were
      incubated at 35 degrees C for 24 h and at 30 degrees C for an additional 24 h.
      Endpoints were recorded at 24 and 48 h. By MicroScan, 23 (5.5%) and 30 (7%) S.
      aureus isolates and 161 (65%) and 162 (65%) coagulase-negative staphylococci were
      oxacillin resistant at 24 and 48 h, respectively. At both 24 and 48 h, 23 (5.5%)
      S. aureus isolates and 162 (65%) coagulase-negative staphylococci were resistant
      by the oxacillin agar screen. Five strains for which the oxacillin MIC was 2 or 4
      micrograms/ml and eight strains resistant to oxacillin only at 48 h were further
      evaluated by broth macrodilution testing for oxacillin with and without
      clavulanic acid, by oxacillin and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid disk diffusion, and
      by oxacillin agar screen comparing Mueller-Hinton agars purchased from Difco and
      BBL Microbiology Systems, Cockeysville, Md. By this additional testing, all 10 S.
      aureus isolates and 1 of 3 coagulase-negative staphylococci examined produced
      increased amounts of beta-lactamase. One coagulase-negative staphylococcus
      appeared to be truly intermediately oxacillin susceptible. There was no
      significant difference in the rate of detection of oxacillin resistance between
      MicroScan and the agar screen. MicroScan panels should be incubated for 24 h
      only, because prolonged incubation caused strains producing excessive amounts of
      beta-lactamase to appear to be falsely oxacillin resistant.

PMID- 3384909
TI  - Variable infectivity of human-derived Giardia lamblia cysts for Mongolian gerbils
      (Meriones unguiculatus).
AB  - To determine whether gerbils can be used as a suitable animal model for
      giardiasis, we attempted to infect Mongolian gerbils with cysts of Giardia
      lamblia isolated from the stools of 10 humans with symptomatic and asymptomatic
      giardiasis. We obtained 100% infection with one isolate (CDC:0284:1), as
      evidenced by the presence of numerous trophozoites in the intestines of the
      gerbil and cysts in the feces. Cysts from four patients were not infective, while
      cysts from the other five patients produced infections in 11 to 75% of the
      animals. On the basis of these and other experiments, we concluded that (i) only
      certain isolates of human G. lamblia infect gerbils, colonize the intestine, and
      complete their life cycle by undergoing differentiation into cysts; (ii) the
      infection could last for about 39 days, but the animals excreted maximum numbers
      of cysts on about day 13 postinfection; (iii) the pattern of cyst excretion was
      irregular, and some gerbils, like humans, excreted cysts intermittently; (iv) the
      minimum number of cysts needed to establish an infection in 50% of the gerbils
      was 100; and (v) only certain strains retained the ability to infect gerbils even
      after repeated animal passage.

PMID- 3384908
TI  - Characterization of urease from Campylobacter pylori.
AB  - Campylobacter pylori, a suspected agent of gastritis and peptic ulceration,
      rapidly hydrolyzes urea. Because urease serves as the basis of detection of the
      organism in gastric biopsies and may represent an important virulence factor,
      biochemical characteristics of the enzyme were determined. C. pylori was isolated
      from antral biopsies from 10 patients with complaints of abdominal pain or
      history of peptic ulcer disease. All isolates were urease positive, with an
      average rate of hydrolysis by cell lysates being 36 +/- 28 mumol of NH3 per min
      per mg of protein, more than twice that of Proteus mirabilis and 10 times that of
      other urinary tract isolates. The enzyme had an apparent molecular weight of
      625,000 +/- 15,000 by column chromatography, an isoelectric point of 5.9, a Km of
      0.8 +/- 0.1 mM urea, an optimal temperature of 45 degrees C, and an optimal pH of
      8.2. Ten isolates tested produced ureases with identical electrophoretic
      mobilities on nondenaturing 5% polyacrylamide activity gels. Acetohydroxamic acid
      (100 micrograms/ml), hydroxyurea (85 micrograms/ml), flurofamide (0.05
      micrograms/ml), and EDTA (8 mM) inhibited enzyme activity by 50%. Cell lysates
      retained 50% of initial urease activity after 6 days and 40% activity after 18
      days when stored at 4 degrees C in 20 mM sodium phosphate, pH 6.8. At -70 degrees
      C for 18 days, 1 mM EDTA or 15% glycerol preserved 40 or 34%, respectively, of
      initial activity. The urease of C. pylori appears to be biochemically unique from
      the enzymes of other common urease-producing species.

PMID- 3384910
TI  - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for immunoglobulin G subclass antibodies
      specific for enterobacterial Re core glycolipid in healthy individuals and in
      patients infected by gram-negative bacteria.
AB  - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed to study the subclass
      distribution of immunoglobulin G (IgG) specific to the core glycolipid (CGL) of
      the Re mutant of Salmonella minnesota R595 in serum samples from individuals with
      an IgG response toward these antigens. In a group of healthy blood donors, we
      detected predominantly the IgG2 and IgG1 subclasses. In a group of patients in an
      intensive care unit who developed infectious complications due to gram-negative
      bacteria, the anti-CGL IgG activity was due mainly to the IgG2 and IgG3
      subclasses. In all serum samples found to be IgG positive, the assay for anti-CGL
      IgG2 was positive. This subclass was revealed to play a predominant role in
      patients displaying a seroconversion or a significant rise in their antibody
      response toward CGL. IgG4 was found or appeared only in patients with confirmed
      bacteremia. In addition, we observed a drop in anti-CGL IgG2 before the death of
      patients undergoing a septic shock or an irreversible organ failure, suggesting
      that the anti-CGL IgG2 activity could be used as a marker of the evolution of the
      illness in this group of patients.

PMID- 3384911
TI  - Influence of strain characteristics and immunity on the epidemiology of
      Campylobacter infections in Thailand.
AB  - To determine how strain differences and immunity affect the clinical expression
      of Campylobacter infections, we conducted a study of acute diarrheal disease in
      Thailand in which specimens from children with Campylobacter infections were
      cultured weekly for up to 12 weeks to determine the serotype-specific length of
      time of convalescent-phase excretion and rate of reinfection. Levels of
      immunoglobulin G to cell-surface antigens of C. jejuni were determined in another
      population of healthy children who were closely related by age and location to
      the children in the diarrheal disease study. Campylobacter species were initially
      isolated from 18% of 586 children under 5 years old with diarrhea; most isolates
      in Thailand belonged to serotypes commonly found in developed countries. C. coli
      was significantly less often associated with symptomatic infections and with
      bloody diarrhea than C. jejuni (P less than 0.001 and P = 0.045, respectively).
      The peak age of isolation and the peak level of immunoglobulin G to Campylobacter
      species occurred before 2 years of age. The mean duration of convalescent-phase
      excretion was 14 +/- 2 (standard error of the mean) days for children less than 1
      year old and 8 +/- 2 days for children 1 to 5 years old (P = 0.02, t test).
      Infection with another Campylobacter serotype was found in 34% of 105 children
      during the 12-week follow-up period. The rate of reinfection in these children
      was 15% (range, 8 to 22%) each week. Hyperendemic exposure to Campylobacter
      species in Thailand confers immunity to infection that is associated with an
      early peak in specific serum antibodies and an age-related decrease in the case
      to-infection ratio and duration of convalescent-phase excretion but does not
      prevent asymptomatic infections.

PMID- 3384912
TI  - New semisolid agar for the detection of motile salmonellae.
AB  - A semisolid selective motility agar based on selenite broth and designated
      semisolid selenite fecal (SSF) agar was developed for recovery of motile
      salmonellae from large numbers of rodent fecal specimens. The medium is easily
      prepared and inoculated; results are readily interpreted. When combined with
      selenite or gram-negative broth enrichment, SSF agar yielded significantly better
      Salmonella isolation from experimentally infected rodents than a standard battery
      of media. Only 14 non-Salmonella isolates from 1,002 Salmonella-free rodent fecal
      specimens migrated on SSF agar.

PMID- 3384913
TI  - Prevalence and persistence of Neisseria cinerea and other Neisseria spp. in
      adults.
AB  - Neisseria cinerea is a commensal Neisseria sp. which was first described in 1906
      but was subsequently misclassified as a subtype of Branhamella catarrhalis. N.
      cinerea resembles Neisseria gonorrhoeae in both cultural and biochemical
      characteristics and, thus, may also have been misidentified as N. gonorrhoeae. Of
      202 patients whose oropharynges were colonized by Neisseria spp., N. cinerea was
      isolated in 57 (28.2%) patients, including 25 (30.1%) of 83 women, 22 (23.9%) of
      92 heterosexual men, and 10 (37.0%) of 27 homosexual men in Seattle, Wash., in
      1983 to 1984. N. cinerea was isolated from the urethra of only one (1.1%)
      patient. The oropharynges of many individuals were colonized persistently by
      strains of N. cinerea and other Neisseria spp.

PMID- 3384915
TI  - Simple microbiologic detection of Campylobacter pylori.
AB  - A study of 84 gastric biopsies taken from 42 adult patients revealed simple
      techniques for Gram stain and culture for Campylobacter pylori. In an initial
      study of 18 biopsies, Gram stains prepared from ground, diluted tissue were all
      negative for curved, gram-negative rods, whereas 13 of these specimens were
      positive for C. pylori by culture. The Gram stains for the remaining 66 biopsies
      were prepared by a rinse-imprint technique. In this group, there were 30 Gram
      stains positive for organisms resembling C. pylori and 32 positive cultures. By
      Gram-staining two sites, fundus and antrum, the sensitivity of the Gram stain for
      identifying a positive specimen increased from 91 to 100%. Gram stain may be the
      preferred technique for rapid diagnosis. When cultured, C. pylori was recovered
      most often on modified Thayer-Martin medium incubated microaerophilically at 35
      degrees C. The presence of antibiotics in modified Thayer-Martin medium limited
      upper respiratory flora overgrowth, which was often present on nonselective
      media.

PMID- 3384916
TI  - Composition and density of microflora in the subungual space of the hand.
AB  - There were significant quantitative differences in the composition and density of
      microflora in different areas of the hands of 26 adult volunteers. The subungual
      spaces had an average log10 CFU of 5.39, compared with a range from 2.55 to 3.53
      for other hand sites. In quantitative cultures from five subungual spaces in 26
      subjects, coagulase-negative staphylococci were the dominant organisms, with
      Staphylococcus epidermidis, S. haemolyticus and S. hominis being the most
      frequently isolated species. Other bacteria recovered from subungual spaces
      included gram-negative bacilli in 42.3% of subjects, with Pseudomonas species
      composing 31.3% of this group, and coryneforms in 42.3% of subjects, with
      multiply resistant JK group coryneforms making up 12.5%. Yeasts were isolated
      from 69.0% of subjects sampled, with 51.3% of the yeasts identified as Candida
      parapsilosis. The subungual coagulase-negative staphylococci were susceptible to
      most antibiotics, with resistance to penicillin, ampicillin, and erythromycin
      detected in 23 to 38% of isolates.

PMID- 3384914
TI  - Local and systemic antibody responses in high-risk adults given live-attenuated
      and inactivated influenza A virus vaccines.
AB  - Forty seropositive older adults with chronic diseases were vaccinated
      intranasally with either influenza A/California/10/78 (H1N1) (CR37) or influenza
      A/Washington/897/80 (H3N2) (CR48) virus. No clinically significant decrements in
      pulmonary function occurred postvaccination. Eight (62%) recipients of CR37 virus
      and 16 (59%) recipients of CR48 virus became infected with vaccine virus, as
      indicated by a fourfold rise in nasal wash immunoglobulin G (IgG) or IgA antibody
      titer, a fourfold rise in serum antibody titer, isolation of vaccine virus from
      nasal washings, or all of these. Within 2 years after cold-recombinant virus
      vaccination, 29 vaccinees received trivalent inactivated influenza virus vaccine
      parenterally. After inactivated virus vaccination, 23 (79%) vaccinees developed a
      fourfold rise in nasal wash or serum antibody titer to H1 antigen and 24 (83%)
      developed a fourfold rise in nasal wash or serum antibody titer to H3 antigen.
      Significantly more cold-recombinant virus vaccinees developed a fourfold rise in
      nasal wash IgA antibody to H1 or H3 hemagglutinin compared with inactivated virus
      vaccinees (17 [43%] versus 9 [17%], P = 0.01). We conclude that these cold
      recombinant virus vaccines are safe and immunogenic in seropositive older high
      risk adults and more often induced a nasal wash IgA antibody response than the
      inactivated virus vaccine.

PMID- 3384917
TI  - Comparative evaluation of Oxoid Signal and BACTEC radiometric blood culture
      systems for the detection of bacteremia and fungemia.
AB  - The Oxoid Signal (Oxoid U.S.A., Inc., Columbia, Md.) blood culture system is a
      newly described, innovative method for visually detecting growth of
      microorganisms (D. Sawney, S. Hinder, D. Swaine, and E.Y. Bridson, J. Clin.
      Pathol. 39:1259-1263, 1986). We did 5,999 paired comparisons of equal volumes (10
      ml) of blood in the Oxoid Signal and BACTEC (Johnson Laboratories, Towson, Md.)
      radiometric blood culture systems at two university hospitals that use identical
      methods of obtaining and processing specimens. Overall, more microorganisms were
      detected in the BACTEC system (P less than 0.001), in particular, streptococci (P
      less than 0.01), fungi (P less than 0.001), and nonfermentative gram-negative
      rods, especially Acinetobacter species (P less than 0.001). Trends favoring the
      BACTEC system for detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Haemophilus species, and
      Neisseria species were noted. There were no differences in the yield of
      staphylococci, members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, and anaerobic bacteria.
      When both systems detected sepsis, the BACTEC did so earlier (P less than 0.001).
      This advantage was most notable at 24 h (70% of BACTEC positives detected versus
      48% of Oxoid positives). The proportion of positives detected after 48 h,
      however, was similar (BACTEC, 84%; Oxoid, 78%). Revisions in the Oxoid Signal
      system itself or in the processing of Oxoid bottles appear to be necessary to
      improve its performance in detecting certain microorganism groups, especially
      fungi.

PMID- 3384919
TI  - Evaluation of rubella immune status by three commercial enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assays.
AB  - Three commercial indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) (Enzygnost
      Rubella, RUBELISA, and ORTHO Rubella) were evaluated for the determination of
      immune status by testing 1,090 serum specimens, 410 of which were from nonimmune
      patients. In comparison with the standard reference technique, the
      hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) test, the sensitivities of ORTHO Rubella (100%)
      and Enzygnost-Rubella (99.26%) were excellent, whereas the sensitivity of
      RUBELISA (95.60%) was marginally lower because of the inability of this assay to
      detect antibody in 22% of the serum specimens with HAI titers of 10 and 11% of
      sera with HAI titers of 20. The specificity of all three systems was greater than
      97%. There was a linear correlation between mean ELISA values and increasing HAI
      titers (r greater than or equal to 0.94). Both ORTHO Rubella and Enzygnost
      Rubella were shown to be suitable replacements for the HAI test, provided that an
      equivocal zone is incorporated in the ORTHO system and only unheated sera are
      used in the Enzygnost system.

PMID- 3384918
TI  - Production of lipase by clinical isolates of Pseudomonas cepacia.
AB  - Ten clinical isolates of Pseudomonas cepacia from the sputum of cystic fibrosis
      patients were examined for the ability to produce lipase. Lipase substrates used
      included egg yolk agar, four different polyoxyethylene sorbitans (Tweens), and p
      nitrophenylphosphorylcholine, a chromogenic substrate used to assay for
      phospholipase C. Lipase activity was detected in the filtrates of organisms grown
      to the exponential phase in either tryptose minimal medium or chemically defined
      medium. Lipase activity increased in the filtrates if the cultures were allowed
      to proceed into the stationary phase. None of the isolates produced phospholipase
      C. Lipase activity on Tween 20 ranged from 41.6 X 10(-3) to 640.0 X 10(-3)
      U/micrograms of protein. The activity was similar or slightly lower when Tween
      40, 60, or 80 was used as the substrate. There was no correlation between lipase
      activity on Tween and that demonstrated on egg yolk agar. Lipase activity
      increased as pH increased from 7.0 to 9.0. Boiling for 5 min resulted in 66% loss
      of enzyme activity. The remaining activity continued to decrease with increasing
      boiling time. The enzyme was purified by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200, and
      the resultant preparation, when subjected to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis,
      resulted in a single protein band (molecular weight, approximately 25,000) from
      which lipase activity could be eluted. The purified lipase was not cytotoxic to
      HeLa cells, nor was it toxic when injected intravenously into mice.

PMID- 3384920
TI  - Rapid and overnight microdilution antibiotic susceptibility testing with the
      Sensititre Breakpoint Autoreader system.
AB  - The Sensititre Breakpoint Autoreader system (SBAS) is a broth microdilution
      method with one to three concentrations of each antibiotic and innovative
      fluorescence technology to define inhibitory endpoints. We tested 248 gram
      negative bacilli and 80 gram-positive cocci using both the rapid (5 h) and
      overnight (18 h) SBAS procedures. Inhibitory endpoints were also determined by
      visual inspection of the microdilution trays after 18 h of incubation. SBAS
      results were compared with those obtained by a standardized disk diffusion (SDD)
      procedure. Agreement between the rapid SBAS and SDD results for all antibiotic
      organism combinations was found in 3,730 of 4,571 (81.6%) tests, with 3.9% very
      major, 6.5% major, and 7.9% minor discrepancies noted. Data analysis by organism
      group revealed 86.8, 57.3, 71.4, and 62.3% agreement for members of the family
      Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas spp., staphylococci, and enterococci,
      respectively. The results of the overnight SBAS and SDD agreed in 4,154 of 4,654
      (89.2%) tests, with 2.3% very major, 1.3% major, and 7.1% minor discrepancies
      recorded. Concordance was noted in 90.4, 78.1, 90.6, and 83.3% of the comparisons
      for the members of the Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas spp., staphylococci, and
      enterococci, respectively. The inhibitory endpoints determined with the
      Autoreader were as reliable as those determined by visual inspection after 18 h
      of incubation.

PMID- 3384921
TI  - Pneumococcosuria in adults.
AB  - Pneumococcal bacteriuria is usually felt to indicate systemic pneumococcal
      infection, especially in children. To determine the frequency and significance of
      pneumococcosuria in adults, we reviewed the Shreveport Veterans Administration
      Medical Center microbiology laboratory log books for 1982 through 1985. During
      these 4 years, more patients had pneumococcal bacteriuria than bacteremia (38
      versus 33), but only 2 patients had both. The medical records from 31 bacteriuric
      patients with 35 positive urine specimens were available for review. The
      collection technique was reliable for 23 (66%) urine specimens; the type of
      collection technique used was unknown for 12 (34%). The urine pH was less than or
      equal to 6 in 24 (68%) specimens, and the specific gravity was greater than 1.020
      in 12 specimens (34%). A total of 24 specimens grew only Streptococcus
      pneumoniae, and 11 yielded mixed growth. All 31 patients were men, 25 (81%) were
      60 years or older, and 13 (42%) had underlying genitourinary disorders. A total
      of 7 patients had genitourinary symptoms, 7 had fever, 5 had leukocytosis, and 12
      had pyuria; however, these symptoms and signs were frequently accounted for by
      factors other than pneumococcosuria. Pneumococcosuria was an unexpected finding
      in all but two (6%) bacteremic patients. These were the only patients with
      systemic pneumococcal infections, and both died despite appropriate antibiotics.
      Among the 20 surviving patients with follow-up urine samples, pneumococcosuria
      resolved whether or not they had received antibiotics. Thus, pneumococcosuria in
      our patient population was frequently not accompanied by systemic pneumococcal
      infection and by itself did not require antibiotic therapy.

PMID- 3384922
TI  - Simultaneous infections with different serogroups of Legionella pneumophila
      investigated by routine methods and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.
AB  - Simultaneous infections with different Legionella spp. have rarely been described
      in the literature. We now report on seven sporadic cases of legionellosis of
      which three were simultaneous infections caused by multiple Legionella
      pneumophila serogroups. Four different legionellae were involved. L. pneumophila
      serogroup 1, two different types of L. pneumophila serogroup 4, and L.
      pneumophila serogroup 10 have been identified simultaneously from a lung tissue
      specimen of one patient. Specimens from two other patients each revealed two
      different legionellae of serogroups 1 and 4. The existence of different L.
      pneumophila serogroups in simultaneous infections has not only been documented by
      identifying the incriminated Legionella spp. by classical methods. In addition,
      preliminary results of Legionella spp. identification with the novel physical
      procedure of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy have been presented to
      evaluate its possible applicability for routine diagnostic procedures.

PMID- 3384923
TI  - Urine specimen collection with external devices for diagnosis of bacteriuria in
      elderly incontinent men.
AB  - We determined the validity of using external devices for urine specimen
      collection from 24 elderly incontinent men residing in a nursing home by
      collecting three sequential specimens, two with external devices and then one by
      catheterization. The positive predictive value of organisms isolated in
      quantitative counts of greater than or equal to 10(5) CFU/ml in external devices
      for bladder bacteriuria was 86% for either sterile or clean collecting devices
      and 93% for the same organism in two consecutive specimens. The negative
      predictive value for organisms present in quantitative counts of less than 10(5)
      CFU/ml was 90% for both sterile and clean devices and 86% when the organism was
      present in both specimens. Contamination in external collection devices was not
      influenced by whether the device was clean or sterile, circumcision of the
      resident, or duration of time between device application and specimen collection.
      These data suggest that urine specimens collected by ward nursing staff with
      external devices are reliable for the diagnosis of bacteriuria in this patient
      population.

PMID- 3384924
TI  - Isolation of Mobiluncus species from clinical specimens by using cold enrichment
      and selective media.
AB  - New and selective Rlk and SA media, combined with cold enrichment at 4 to 5
      degrees C, allowed isolation of Mobiluncus species from patients with bacterial
      vaginosis at higher rates than with conventional cultivation methods. Rlk medium
      consists of Columbia CNA agar supplemented with peptone, yeast extract, 5% laked
      rabbit or sheep blood, nalidixic acid, and tinidazole. SA medium consists of
      Columbia CNA agar supplemented with 2% rabbit serum, 1.6% laked rabbit or sheep
      blood, nalidixic acid, and tinidazole. Use of these selective media plus the cold
      enrichment technique permitted Mobiluncus species to propagate at rates similar
      to those of other anaerobic members of the vaginal flora.

PMID- 3384925
TI  - Serologic analyses of Peromyscus leucopus, a rodent reservoir for Borrelia
      burgdorferi, in northeastern United States.
AB  - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and indirect fluorescent-antibody
      test were used to detect antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent
      of Lyme disease, in Peromyscus leucopus (white-footed mouse). Of the 661 mice
      captured in Connecticut, Rhode Island, and New York during 1980 and 1983 to 1987,
      166 (25.1%) had antibodies to B. burgdorferi by ELISA. Comparative analyses of
      210 serum specimens, collected in areas where Lyme disease is endemic, revealed a
      threefold difference in sensitivity between the ELISA (38.1% positive) and the
      indirect fluorescent-antibody method (12.4%). Although prevalence of seropositive
      P. leucopus was highest during June, elevated amounts of antibody (1:1,280 to
      1:2,560) were detected in mice that harbored spirochetes during all seasons.
      Being reservoirs for B. burgdorferi, these rodents are suitable for monitoring
      spirochete infections at foci and should be included in field evaluations of
      control programs aimed at suppressing Lyme disease.

PMID- 3384926
TI  - Immunologic and genetic comparison of Streptococcus equi isolates from the United
      States and Europe.
AB  - A series of isolates of Streptococcus equi from the United States and Europe were
      compared by the bactericidal test, immunoblotting, DNA restrictions, and Southern
      hybridization analysis. All isolates tested were sensitive to the same
      bactericidal serum. In addition, immunoblotting revealed no differences in M
      proteins prepared by acid or mutanolysin extraction. Immunoblotting of acid
      extracts of the isolates with mucosal nasopharyngeal mucus from a convalescent
      horse revealed the presence of the 41,000- and 46,000-Mr polypeptide fragments of
      the M protein of S. equi known to be important in stimulating mucosal
      nasopharyngeal immune responses. DNA restriction analysis of total cell DNA
      digests, as well as Southern hybridizations using an S. equi M protein gene
      probe, did not detect any differences among these isolates. Our results,
      therefore, confirm the antigenic homogeneity of the M proteins of S. equi
      isolates and suggest that variation in this antigen is not a reason for the
      failure of commercial vaccines in the field. Interestingly, the protoplast M
      proteins of all isolates showed remarkable size homogeneity, in contrast to the
      size variation reported in M proteins of group A streptococci.

PMID- 3384927
TI  - Epidemiology of fecal strains of the family Enterobacteriaceae in 22 neonatal
      wards and influence of antibiotic policy.
AB  - The gram-negative fecal floras from 953 infants were studied upon discharge of
      the infants from 22 neonatal wards. More than 600 distinct phenotypes of
      Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., and Enterobacter spp. were distinguished by
      high-resolution biotyping. The colonization patterns observed showed considerable
      local and temporal variation. The major (M) strains (phenotypes), which colonized
      more than 10% and up to 78% of the infants in a ward (median, 23%), were
      Klebsiella oxytoca (15 strains), E. coli (4 strains), Klebsiella pneumoniae (1
      strain), and Enterobacter cloacae (1 strain). Resistance to beta-lactam
      antibiotics was more pronounced among M strains than among strains of enteric
      bacteria colonizing few or single infants only. Local antibiotic policy
      influenced the colonization patterns. Despite the fact that M strains of
      Klebsiella spp. were usually resistant to ampicillin as well as to cephalexin and
      cefuroxime, their local dissemination was associated with the use of ampicillin
      with or without gentamicin but not with the use of cefuroxime. It thus appeared
      that in the neonatal setting, ampicillin posed a greater risk of local spread of
      certain drug-resistant bacterial clones than a newer cephalosporin, such as
      cefuroxime.

PMID- 3384928
TI  - Staphylococcus aureus antigens reactive with milk immunoglobulin G of naturally
      infected dairy cows.
AB  - A 14- to 26-kilodalton fraction of Staphylococcus aureus exoproteins isolated by
      molecular sieve chromatography and electroelution from polyacrylamide gels was
      shown to specifically react with antibodies in milk of naturally infected dairy
      cows. Silver staining of the antigen preparation electrophoresed in
      polyacrylamide gels showed the strongest reactivity in the 24- to 26-kilodalton
      region with lesser staining at lower apparent molecular sizes. An enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay was developed to differentiate infected from uninfected cows
      for diagnostic purposes. Samples from S. aureus-infected cows reacted in the
      assay, and samples from uninfected cows did not. There was no correlation between
      numbers of somatic cells in the samples and reactivity to the antigens. Samples
      from cows infected with coagulase-negative staphylococci did not react with the
      antigens. It was found, however, that some samples from uninfected cows that were
      recently postpartum or producing low amounts of milk contained antibodies which
      bound the antigens. This was believed to be due to transport from blood to the
      mammary gland of antibodies which were generated by previous intramammary
      infections or infections at other sites.

PMID- 3384929
TI  - Recovery of anaerobic bacteria from clinical specimens in 12 years at two
      military hospitals.
AB  - Examination of 15,844 clinical specimens submitted over 12 years (1973 to 1985)
      to the anaerobic microbiology laboratories in two military hospitals demonstrated
      the recovery of anaerobic bacteria in 4,458 (28.1%) specimens. The specimens
      yielded 6,557 anaerobic isolates (1.47 isolates per specimen). Bacteroides spp.
      accounted for 43% of all isolates; anaerobic gram-positive cocci, 26%;
      Clostridium spp., 7%; and Fusobacterium spp., 4%. Bacteroides spp. predominated
      in abscesses, obstetrical and gynecological (OBG) infections, abdominal
      infections, cysts, wounds, and tumors. Members of the Bacteroides fragilis group
      accounted for 44% of all Bacteroides spp., and of them, B. fragilis was mostly
      isolated in abscesses, wounds, abdomen, and blood. Pigmented Bacteroides spp.
      accounted for 21% of all Bacteroides sp. isolates and were mostly isolated in
      sinus, eye, chest, bone, and ear infections. Bacteroides melaninogenicus
      accounted for 42% of this group's isolates. Bacteroides bivius accounted for 9%
      of Bacteroides spp., and most isolates were found in OBG infections. Anaerobic
      gram-positive cocci were mostly isolated in OBG infections, abscesses, and
      wounds. The predominant anaerobic gram-positive cocci were Peptostreptococcus
      magnus (18%), Peptostreptococcus asaccharolyticus (17%), Peptostreptococcus
      anaerobius (16%), and Peptostreptococcus prevotii (13%). Clostridium spp. were
      mostly isolated from wounds, abscesses, abdominal infections, and blood. The
      predominant strain was Clostridium perfringens (48%). Fusobacterium spp. were
      recovered in abscesses and abdominal and OBG infections. The predominant isolate
      was Fusobacterium nucleatum (47%). These data illustrate the relative frequency
      of the different anaerobic bacteria in a variety of infections and demonstrate
      the predominance of certain isolates at different sites.

PMID- 3384930
TI  - Restaurant-associated outbreak of typhoid fever in Maryland: identification of
      carrier facilitated by measurement of serum Vi antibodies.
AB  - Ten cases of typhoid fever occurred between 24 August and 1 September 1986 in the
      vicinity of Silver Spring, Md. Shrimp salad served in a fast-food restaurant was
      implicated as the source of infection. Stool cultures were obtained from 104
      employees, and serum Vi antibodies were assayed in 97 of the employees.
      Salmonella typhi was isolated from stool cultures of an 18-year-old asymptomatic
      female employee, who was a food handler. A high level of Vi antibodies (79.0
      micrograms/ml), measured by radioimmunoassay, was found in her serum. She had
      emigrated from an endemic area at the age of 14 years and had visited that
      endemic area 2 years previously. The causal relation between the carrier and the
      10 cases of typhoid fever was confirmed by a common bacteriophage type, denoted
      "degraded Vi resembling O," in the S. typhi isolates. This phage type is rare in
      the western hemisphere but common in the endemic area from which the carrier had
      emigrated. The high level of Vi antibody in the asymptomatic carrier, in contrast
      to the lower levels in the convalescent- and postimmunization-phase sera,
      facilitated the identification of the source infection in this outbreak. This
      radioimmunoassay offers a rapid and standardized method for identifying carriers
      of S. typhi.

PMID- 3384932
TI  - Postoperative wound infection associated with Vibrio parahaemolyticus in a
      patient without exposure to seawater.
AB  - This report describes a case of wound infection associated with Vibrio
      parahaemolyticus. The patient had ingested steamed crabs 7 days before admission
      for surgical treatment of intestinal obstruction due to colon carcinoma. The
      Vibrio sp. was isolated from postoperative wound drainage as well as from stool.
      Recovery was uneventful.

PMID- 3384931
TI  - Distinction of species and strains of mycoplasmas (mollicutes) by genomic DNA
      fingerprints with an rRNA gene probe.
AB  - Genomic fingerprints of Acholeplasma laidlawii, Mycoplasma hominis, and
      Mycoplasma pneumoniae strains were obtained by Southern blot hybridization of the
      digested mycoplasmal DNAs with an rRNA gene probe. The hybridization patterns
      revealed genotypic heterogeneity among A. laidlawii and M. hominis strains and a
      remarkable degree of homogeneity among M. pneumoniae strains isolated from
      pneumonia patients during a 10-year period. Genomic fingerprints with the rRNA
      gene probe can thus serve as indicators of intraspecies genetic homogeneity or
      heterogeneity and can provide a new, sensitive tool for strain identification
      with a potential for application in epidemiology.

PMID- 3384933
TI  - Recovery of resistant enterococci during vancomycin prophylaxis.
AB  - We report a case of a patient undergoing hemodialysis who developed a wound
      infection and subsequently bacteremia with a strain of vancomycin-resistant
      enterococcus identified as Enterococcus gallinarum. He had been receiving
      vancomycin prophylaxis before developing these infections. Both isolates were
      susceptible to ampicillin, rifampin, teicoplanin, and daptomycin (LY146032).

PMID- 3384934
TI  - Rapid detection (4 h) of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by a
      bioluminescence method.
AB  - A 4-h bioluminescence method for methicillin susceptibility determination was
      compared with reference methods. Of the Staphylococcus aureus strains tested, 80
      were methicillin resistant, 180 were methicillin susceptible, and 10 were
      borderline susceptible. There was 100% correlation between bioluminescence and
      reference methods for methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant strains.
      All borderline-susceptible strains were identified as methicillin resistant by
      bioluminescence.

PMID- 3384936
TI  - Chromatofocusing in the purification of staphylococcal enterotoxin D.
AB  - A chromatofocusing procedure for the purification of staphylococcal enterotoxin D
      was developed. The purification included the removal of the toxic protein from
      culture supernatant fluids of Staphylococcus aureus 1151m by batch adsorption
      with CG-50 resin, chromatofocusing on Polybuffer Exchanger 94, and gel permeation
      chromatography on Sephacryl S-200. The purity of the staphylococcal enterotoxin D
      obtained was approximately 98%.

PMID- 3384935
TI  - Rapid screening method with a cell multisizer for inhibitors of human
      immunodeficiency virus-induced cell fusion in vitro.
AB  - Cocultivation of MOLT-4 and MOLT-4/HIVHTLV-IIIB cells induces syncytium formation
      very efficiently and is an appropriate model for evaluation of various substances
      which might inhibit human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-induced multinucleated
      giant cell formation in vitro. We attempted here to quantify the grade of the
      syncytium formation by using a cell multisizer. The size distribution pattern of
      the cocultivated cells in the presence of glycyrrhizin sulfate, polysaccharide
      Krestin, dextran sulfate, ribofuranan sulfate, and lentinan sulfate was
      indistinguishable from that of cocultured cells grown in the absence of
      inhibitors. However, the pattern of cocultured cells without an inhibitor was
      quite different from that of MOLT-4 or MOLT-4/HIVHTLV-IIIB cells alone. Moreover,
      the size distribution pattern of cocultured cells after treatment with two
      nucleoside analogs, 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxythymidine and 2',3'-didehydro-2',3'
      dideoxythymidine, which were known to inhibit cell-free but not cell-to-cell
      infection, was similar to that of cocultured cells without an inhibitor. These
      data are well correlated with the fusion index which was reported previously.
      Application of the cell multisizer is very quantitative for evaluating the
      syncytium formation induced by HIV and providing a simple and rapid screening for
      anti-HIV substances, especially for virus-induced cell fusion.

PMID- 3384937
TI  - Postoperative infant septicemia caused by Pseudomonas luteola (CDC group Ve-1)
      and Pseudomonas oryzihabitans (CDC group Ve-2).
AB  - Pseudomonas luteola (CDC group Ve-1) and Pseudomonas oryzihabitans (CDC group Ve
      2) were both isolated from the same blood culture of a 5-month-old infant, 8 days
      after open-heart surgery. He quickly responded to appropriate antibiotics. Carbon
      substrate assimilation tests and fatty acid analysis clearly differentiated these
      two rarely pathogenic organisms.

PMID- 3384938
TI  - Serratia odorifera biogroup 1 causing an invasive human infection.
AB  - Serratia odorifera biogroup 1 was isolated from the blood and urine of an
      alcoholic male with cirrhosis and signs of septic shock. The organism is rarely
      reported to occur in clinical specimens. This is the first case in which the
      organism was found to be responsible for invasive human infection.

PMID- 3384939
TI  - Evaluation of in vitro methods for testing susceptibility of anaerobes to
      ampicillin-sulbactam and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid.
AB  - A total of 97 anaerobic bacteria were tested for susceptibility to ampicillin,
      ampicillin-sulbactam, and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid by broth microdilution and
      disk elution methods, the results of which were compared with those of the
      reference agar dilution method. With the broth microdilution method,
      approximately 95% of MICs were within 1 dilution of those of the reference agar
      method, with a definite (0.6 to 0.7 dilution) trend toward lower MICs. The disk
      elution test performed satisfactorily, but additional anaerobic isolates
      resistant to ampicillin-sulbactam and/or amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (currently
      rare) are needed to assure the predictability of resistance by the disk elution
      test.

PMID- 3384941
TI  - Home-computer program for analysis of antimicrobial susceptibility results.

PMID- 3384940
TI  - Failure of charcoal-horse-blood broth with cephalexin to significantly increase
      rate of Bordetella isolation from clinical specimens.
AB  - In a field trial conducted in cooperation with pediatricians in private practice,
      198 nasopharyngeal swabs from children with suspected whooping cough were placed
      into charcoal-horse-blood transport medium with cephalexin (40 mg/liter). After
      preincubation at 36 degrees C for 1 to 2 days, the transport systems were mailed
      to the laboratory. There, the swabs were plated onto charcoal-horse-blood agar
      with cephalexin and were subsequently incubated for 48 h in cephalexin-containing
      charcoal-horse-blood broth which was then subcultured onto the agar. Forty-six
      Bordetella pertussis strains and seven Bordetella parapertussis strains were
      isolated (Bordetella isolation rate, 26.8%). Only three (5.7%) of the 53
      Bordetella strains were detected exclusively by use of the broth. This low rate
      of additional isolates is probably explained by the fact that the swabs had been
      submitted in charcoal-horse-blood transport medium which itself acts as an
      enrichment medium.

PMID- 3384942
TI  - Immunological response to Clostridium botulinum toxin.

PMID- 3384943
TI  - Aluminum inhibits erythropoiesis in vitro.
AB  - Anemia has been associated with aluminum intoxication in patients on chronic
      dialysis and in animals. In studies presented here, in vitro human erythroid
      culture was used to delineate the effects of aluminum on normal hematopoiesis.
      Aluminum by itself in routine culture, even at very high levels (1,035 ng/ml),
      did not significantly affect erythroid colony growth. The addition of human
      transferrin to the culture, however, resulted in a marked dose-dependent
      inhibition of erythroid, but not myeloid colony growth. At all doses, CFU-E
      progenitors showed greater inhibition than burst-forming units (BFU-E). Aluminum
      inhibition was not overcome by increasing the dose of erythropoietin or adding
      additional burst-promoting activity to the culture. Inhibition by aluminum was
      directly related to the number of binding sites on transferrin in the culture,
      and was not observed in the presence of fully iron-saturated transferrin.

PMID- 3384944
TI  - Polymerization of sickle cell hemoglobin at arterial oxygen saturation impairs
      erythrocyte deformability.
AB  - We have examined the filterability of sickle erythrocytes, using an initial-flow
      rate method, to determine whether sufficient hemoglobin S polymer forms at
      arterial oxygen saturation to adversely affect erythrocyte deformability. The
      amount of intracellular polymer was calculated as a function of oxygen saturation
      to estimate the polymerization tendency for each of eight patients with sickle
      cell anemia (SCA). Progressive reduction of oxygen tension within the arterial
      range caused a sudden loss of filterability of SCA erythrocytes through 5-micron
      diam pores at a critical PO2 between 110 and 190 mmHg. This loss of filterability
      occurred at a higher PO2 than did morphological sickling, and the critical PO2
      correlated significantly (r = 0.844-0.881, P less than 0.01) with the
      polymerization tendency for each patient. Study of density-gradient fractionated
      cells from four SCA patients indicated that the critical PO2 of dense cells was
      reached when only a small amount of polymer had formed, indicating the influence
      of this subpopulation on the results obtained for unfractionated cells.
      Impairment of erythrocyte filterability at high oxygen saturation (greater than
      90%) suggests that small changes in oxygen saturation within the arterial
      circulation cause rheological impairment of sickle cells.

PMID- 3384945
TI  - Genetic heterogeneity among patients with methylcobalamin deficiency. Definition
      of two complementation groups, cblE and cblG.
AB  - A number of patients with megaloblastic anemia and homocystinuria associated with
      low levels of methylcobalamin synthesis in cultured cells have been recognized.
      Methionine biosynthesis by intact cells, as determined by incorporation of label
      from 5-[14C]methyl-tetrahydrofolate into acid-precipitable material, was
      deficient in cultured skin fibroblasts that were derived from all of these
      patients. In one group of patients, activity of the methylcobalamin-dependent
      enzyme, methionine synthase, in cell extracts was within the normal range when
      the enzyme was assayed under standard conditions. In a second group of patients,
      methionine synthase activity was decreased under the same assay conditions.
      Genetic complementation analysis demonstrated the existence of two
      complementation classes that corresponded to these two groups of patients. The
      designation cblE has previously been proposed for normal methionine synthase
      activity. We propose the designation cblG for the mutation in those patients with
      methylcobalamin deficiency and decreased synthase activity. The results of these
      studies suggest that the products of at least two loci are required for cobalamin
      dependent methionine biosynthesis in mammalian cells.

PMID- 3384946
TI  - Effects of thyroid hormones on skeletal muscle bioenergetics. In vivo phosphorus
      31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy study of humans and rats.
AB  - The pathophysiology of the myopathy in dysthyroid states is poorly understood. We
      therefore tested the effects of thyroid hormones on muscle bioenergetics in
      humans and rats, using in vivo 31P NMR. Two hypothyroid patients had: low
      phosphocreatine to inorganic phosphate ratio (PCr/Pi) at rest, increased PCr
      depletion during exercise and delayed postexercise recovery of PCr/Pi. Eight
      thyroidectomized rats did not show abnormalities at rest, but muscle work induced
      by nerve stimulation resulted in a significantly (P less than 0.0001) lower
      PCr/Pi (35-45% of control) at each of the three stimulation frequencies tested
      (0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 Hz). Recovery rate was markedly slowed to one-third of normal
      values. Thyroxine therapy reversed these abnormalities in both human and rat
      muscle. Five patients and six rats with hyperthyroidism did not differ from
      normal controls during rest and exercise but had an unusually rapid recovery
      after exercise. The bioenergetic abnormalities in hypothyroid muscle suggest the
      existence of a hormone-dependent, reversible mitochondrial impairment in this
      disorder. The exercise intolerance and fatigue experienced in hypothyroid muscle
      may be due to such a bioenergetic impairment. The changes in energy metabolism in
      hyperthyroid muscle probably do not cause the muscular disease in this disorder.

PMID- 3384947
TI  - Preservation of the glomerular capillary ultrafiltration coefficient during rat
      nephrotoxic serum nephritis by a specific leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist.
AB  - Leukotriene D4, a potent biologically active lipoxygenase derivative of
      arachidonic acid in activated leukocytes, depresses the glomerular capillary
      ultrafiltration coefficient (Kf) and contracts mesangial cells in culture. We
      therefore investigated its potential role in mediating the reduction in nephron
      filtration rate seen after induction of experimental nephrotoxic serum (NTS)
      induced glomerulonephritis in the rat. Micropuncture measurements were performed
      in euvolemic Munich-Wistar rats 2 h after i.v. administration of 0.8 ml of rabbit
      serum (group 1, n = 6), 0.8 ml of rabbit anti-rat glomerular basement membrane
      antibody in the absence (group 2, n = 8), or presence (group 3, n = 7) of the new
      highly specific LTD4 receptor antagonist SK&F 104353. Quantitation of antibody
      binding and neutrophil infiltration revealed no differences between groups 2 and
      3. Antagonism of endogenous LTD4 actions, however, was associated with prevention
      of the NTS-induced fall in SNGFR because of the abrogation of the fall in Kf
      which characterizes this form of experimental glomerulonephritis. Antagonism of
      endogenous LTD4 had no effect on the NTS-induced increases in pre- and
      postglomerular arteriolar resistances, and did not affect nephron plasma flow
      rate or net transcapillary hydraulic pressure difference. The observed highly
      localized protective action of the LTD4 antagonist on the glomerular capillary
      points to a possibly major functional role for intraglomerularly released LTD4,
      likely originating from infiltrating leukocytes, in the pathophysiology of this
      form of glomerulonephritis.

PMID- 3384948
TI  - Platelet storage results in a redistribution of glycoprotein Ib molecules.
      Evidence for a large intraplatelet pool of glycoprotein Ib.
AB  - Platelet membrane glycoprotein (GP) Ib contains receptor for von Willebrand
      factor and thrombin. Its proteolytic fragment, glycocalicin, circulates in normal
      plasma. In this study, storage of platelet concentrates for 5 d resulted in a
      221% increase in plasma glycocalicin (1.3 times the total amount of glycocalicin
      present on the surface of all platelets), an 8% overall increase in platelet
      surface GPIb, and the appearance of a surface GPIb-negative subpopulation of
      platelets. Total platelet GPIb content of fresh washed platelets, determined by
      gel electrophoresis and immunoassay of Triton X-100 lysates, averaged 159,740
      molecules per platelet. There were 36,360 surface GPIb molecules per platelet,
      determined by immunoassay of the supernatant of fresh washed platelets whose
      surface GPIb had been completely plasmin-cleaved. In summary, these studies
      provide evidence for (a) a redistribution of GPIb molecules with platelet
      storage, and (b) a large intraplatelet pool of GPIb (approximately threefold
      larger than the platelet surface pool of GPIb).

PMID- 3384949
TI  - Isolation and partial characterization of melanoma-associated antigens identified
      by autologous antibody.
AB  - The study of the autologous immune response to cancer avoids the difficulties
      encountered in the use of xenoantisera and may identify antigens of physiological
      relevance. However, the low titer and incidence of autologous antibody to
      melanoma have hampered further evaluation. By utilizing acid dissociation and
      ultrafiltration of serum, we have been able to augment the detectable autologous
      immune response to melanoma in the majority of patients studied. In autologous
      system Y-Mel 84:420, serum S150 demonstrated a rise in titer from 1:32 in native
      sera to 1:262,044 after dissociation. The antigen detected by S150 was found to
      be broadly represented on melanoma, glioma, renal cell carcinoma, neuroblastoma,
      and head and neck carcinoma cell lines. It did not react with bladder or colon
      carcinoma, fetal fibroblasts, pooled platelets, lymphocytes and red blood cells,
      or autologous cultured lymphocytes. Using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis,
      S150 detects a 66,000-mol wt antigen in spent tissue culture media and serum
      ultrafiltrate. In cell lysate two bands between 20,000 and 30,000 mol wt are
      detected by S150. The 66,000-mol wt antigen is sensitive to trypsin digestion and
      but is resistant to pepsin and heat inactivation. Exposure of spent media to
      trypsin results in the development of a 24,000-mol wt band that appears to
      correspond to the antigen detected in the cell lysate. The difference between the
      antigens detected in the cell lysate as compared with spent media and serum
      ultrafiltrate may be due to degradation during cell lysis. We conclude that
      melanoma-associated antigens are present in the serum of patients with melanoma
      and are shed or secreted by their tumor cells.

PMID- 3384950
TI  - Videomicroscopic demonstration of defective cholinergic arteriolar vasodilation
      in atherosclerotic rabbit.
AB  - In atherosclerotic rabbits (SCLER), decreases in vascular resistance in response
      to acetylcholine (ACH), an endothelium-dependent agent, are suppressed, whereas
      those to nitroprusside (NP), an endothelium-independent vasodilator, are
      preserved. To determine whether defective vasodilation in SCLER is related to
      altered reactivity of resistance vessels, we visualized arterioles of rabbit
      cremaster muscle by videomicroscopy. Arteriolar diameter was monitored during
      topical (superfusional) delivery of ACh and NO, interventions that did not affect
      systemic hemodynamics. Diameter changes in response to NP (0.01-100.0 microM) did
      not differ between SCLER and controls; maximal dilations amounted to 110 +/- 10%
      (mean +/- SE). In contrast, responses to ACH (0.001-100 microM) differed; maximal
      dilations averaged 54 +/- 4% in SCLER and 124 +/- 9% in controls (P less than
      0.001). These differences persisted after blockade with phentolamine,
      propranolol, and indomethacin. Phenidone and hydroquinone blockers of endothelium
      dependent vasodilation, inhibited arteriolar dilation to ACH without affecting
      that to NP. Microvascular responses to intra-arterial drug were similar to those
      elicited by topical drug. Thus, hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis in the
      rabbit appear to produce a microvascular defect characterized by an impaired
      endothelium-dependent dilation and a preserved endothelium-independent dilation.
      This defect could play a role in limiting vasodilator reserve in atherosclerosis.

PMID- 3384952
TI  - Age and bone mass as predictors of fracture in a prospective study.
AB  - To study the effect of bone mass on the risk of fracture, we followed 521
      Caucasian women over an average of 6.5 yr and took repeated bone mass
      measurements at the radius. We observed 138 nonspinal fractures in 3,388 person
      yr. The person-years of follow-up and the incident fractures were cross
      classified by age and bone mass. The incidence of fracture was then fitted to a
      log-linear model in age and bone mass. It was found that incidence of fracture
      increased with both increasing age and decreasing radius bone mass. When subsets
      of fractures were examined it was found that age was a stronger predictor of hip
      fractures, whereas midshaft radius bone mass was a stronger predictor of
      fractures at the distal forearm. We concluded that bone mass is a useful
      predictor of fractures but that other age-related factors associated with
      fractures need to be identified.

PMID- 3384951
TI  - Thermic effect of food in lean and obese men.
AB  - A systemic reappraisal of the thermic effect of food was done in lean and obese
      males randomly fed mixed meals containing 0, 8, 16, 24, and 32 kcal/kg fat-free
      mass. Densitometric analysis was used to measure body composition. Preprandial
      and postprandial energy expenditures were measured by indirect calorimetry. The
      data show that the thermic effect of food was linearly correlated with caloric
      intake, and that the magnitude and duration of augmented postprandial
      thermogenesis increased linearly with caloric consumption. Postprandial energy
      expenditures over resting metabolic requirements were indistinguishable when
      comparing lean and obese men for a given caloric intake. Individuals, however,
      had distinct and consistent thermic responses to progressively greater caloric
      challenges. These unique thermic profiles to food ingestion were also independent
      of leanness or obesity. We conclude that the thermic effect of food increases
      linearly with caloric intake, and is independent of leanness and obesity.

PMID- 3384953
TI  - Secretion of bicarbonate by rat distal tubules in vivo. Modulation by overnight
      fasting.
AB  - We have performed microperfusion studies on distal tubule bicarbonate
      reabsorption (JtCO2) of fed and fasted rats to extend our previous observations
      of in vivo bicarbonate secretion and to resolve certain discrepancies between
      free-flow and microperfusion data. When rats are fasted overnight, as in previous
      free-flow studies, distal tubule microperfusion with a 28-mM tCO2 solution
      results in significant JtCO2 (53 +/- 6 pmol.min-1.mm-1) at normal flow and
      increases briskly (91 +/- 16 pmol.min-1.mm-1) with bicarbonate load. This
      response is not influenced by the addition of other normal tubular fluid
      constituents. However, when normally fed rats are used, as in our previous
      microperfusion studies, distal tubule JtCO2 is not different from zero when a 28
      mM tCO2 solution is perfused at normal flow rates but becomes negative (-54 +/-
      13 pmol.min-1.mm-1) at high flow rates, which indicates the existence of
      bicarbonate secretion against a concentration gradient. Alkali loading of fasted
      rats also elicits bicarbonate secretion at high flow. These results demonstrate
      for the first time that normal feeding or alkali loading can induce bicarbonate
      secretion in a mammalian nephron segment in vivo, and resolves previous
      discrepancies between free-flow and microperfusion data.

PMID- 3384954
TI  - Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide mediates cholecystokinin-induced relaxation of
      the sphincter of Oddi.
AB  - This study evaluates the hypothesis that cholecystokinin (CCK) relaxes the
      sphincter of Oddi via vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). Isolated canine
      sphincter of Oddi were suspended in organ baths under standard conditions.
      Responses to cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) and VIP were recorded on a pen
      recorder via an isometric transducer. 10(-11)-10(-7) M CCK-8 and 4 X 10(-11)-5 X
      10(-7) M VIP generated dose-related sphincter of Oddi relaxation, which was
      unaffected by atropine, propranolol, and phentolamine. The effect of CCK-8 was
      antagonized by dibutyryl cGMP (Bt2 cGMP) (10(-3) M), the VIP-antagonist (N-Ac
      Tyr1, D-Phe2)-growth hormone-releasing factor-(1-29)-NH2, and abolished by
      tetrodotoxin. In contrast, VIP's relaxing action was tetrodotoxin insensitive.
      10(-11)-10(-7) M CCK-8 stimulated dose-dependent release of VIP (0.5-2.2 fm/ml.mg
      tissue), which was not inhibited by atropine, propranolol, and phentolamine, but
      was antagonized by 10(-3) M Bt2 cGMP and tetrodotoxin. In addition CCK-8 and VIP
      generated dose-related (10(-10)-10(-7) M) increases in sphincter of Oddi cAMP
      levels that were not affected by atropine, propranolol, and phentolamine.
      Furthermore, 10(-5)-10(-2) M 8-bromo-cAMP caused dose-dependent relaxation of the
      sphincter of Oddi. In separate studies, a 2-h incubation in physiological
      solution containing 12 parts/1,000 of rabbit VIP antiserum antagonized sphincter
      relaxation caused by 4 nM CCK-8 and 6 nM VIP. The antiserum also significantly
      decreased the sphincter of Oddi cAMP level stimulated by 4 nM CCK-8 by 48 +/-
      15%. These studies demonstrate that CCK-8 relaxes the canine sphincter of Oddi
      via a noncholinergic, nonadrenergic neural pathway involving VIP. The
      intracellular mechanism mediating CCK/VIP relaxation involves generation of cAMP.

PMID- 3384955
TI  - Participation of tumor necrosis factor in the mediation of gram negative
      bacterial lipopolysaccharide-induced injury in rabbits.
AB  - Macrophages are induced by LPS to release a number of products that determine the
      host response during gram negative sepsis. To examine the role of one such
      substance, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), in mediating LPS-induced injury, we
      employed a rabbit model of endotoxic shock to (a) determine the kinetics and
      extent of release of TNF into plasma after injection of LPS, and (b) to evaluate
      the protective effect of in vivo neutralization of LPS-induced TNF by prior
      infusion of anti-TNF antibody. TNF was maximally induced 45-100 min after
      injection of 10 micrograms i.v. parent Salmonella minnesota Re595 LPS or 250
      micrograms Re595 LPS-HDL complexes. Maximal induction of TNF by LPS was
      associated with development of hypotension, focal hepatic necrosis, intravascular
      fibrin deposition and lethality. Based on (a) the peak levels of TNF observed in
      serum, 2.5 X 10(3) U/ml, (b) the specific activity of purified rabbit macrophage
      derived TNF, 1 X 10(8) U/mg, and (c) the biphasic disappearance of intravenously
      injected purified TNF (t1/2 = 0.5 min, 11 min) we constructed a kinetic model
      showing that at least 130 micrograms of TNF (1.3 X 10(7) U) was released into
      plasma 30-200 min postinjection of LPS. Prior infusion of anti-TNF antibody (30
      45 min before LPS injection) resulted in neutralization of the LPS-induced serum
      TNF activity and provided significant protection from the development of
      hypotension, fibrin deposition, and lethality. Thus, these results provide
      further evidence that TNF plays a central role mediating the pathophysiologic
      changes that occur during gram negative endotoxic shock.

PMID- 3384957
TI  - Marriage duration, marital adjustment and psychological symptoms: a cross
      sectional study.
AB  - One hundred and nine couples completed questionnaire measures of psychological
      symptoms, personality, and marital adjustment. They were divided into groups of
      short, intermediate, and long marriage duration. Psychological symptoms and
      marital adjustment remained fairly stable over time, although wives scored
      significantly worse than husbands on most measures in the intermediate duration
      group. In the short marriages, half the variance in marital satisfaction was
      predicted by the partner's marital questionnaire score, but when this variable
      was eliminated from the regression equation, psychological symptoms (phobic
      anxiety in wives and depression in husbands) were the main predictors of marital
      satisfaction. In the intermediate group, hostility levels were the main
      predictors of marital satisfaction. In the long marriages, marital satisfaction
      was predicted mainly by personality factors (assertiveness in husbands and
      personal flexibility in wives) and by levels of generalized anxiety. The findings
      suggest that couples who constructively resolve difficulties in expressing
      hostility within marriage are more likely to remain married than those who fail
      to do so.

PMID- 3384956
TI  - Defective processing of insulin-receptor precursor in cultured lymphocytes from a
      patient with extreme insulin resistance.
AB  - We have studied a patient with extreme insulin resistance, acanthosis nigricans,
      and decreased erythrocyte insulin binding. EBV-transformed lymphocytes from this
      patient exhibited markedly reduced binding of 125I-insulin. Radioiodination of
      cell surface receptors followed by immunoprecipitation with anti-receptor
      antibodies revealed the presence of increased amounts of a 210-kD protein but no
      detectable alpha or beta subunits. Continuous labeling with 2-[3H]mannose
      revealed the synthesis of a 190-kD precursor and a 210-kD protein. The 210-kD
      protein was phosphorylated in an insulin-dependent manner at high insulin
      concentrations. These results suggest that in this patient the biosynthesis of
      190-kD receptor precursor, its terminal glycosylation, and intracellular
      transport to the cell surface proceed normally, while proteolytic maturation to
      alpha and beta subunits does not occur. We postulate that this defect either
      results from mutation(s) within the insulin-receptor gene, which render the
      precursor resistant to cleavage, or from a defect in the receptor processing
      enzyme.

PMID- 3384959
TI  - DSM-III diagnosis and code types of the Diagnostic Inventory of Personality and
      Symptoms.
AB  - The relationships of high-point code types of the Diagnostic Inventory of
      Personality and Symptoms (DIPS) to the Diagnostic and Statistic Manual III of the
      American Psychiatric Association (DSM-III) were explored for patients (N = 316)
      in private mental health settings. Sixteen DIPS code types that relate code types
      to Axis I diagnoses are presented. The three DIPS personality disorder cluster
      scales and the eight combinations thereof are presented as well. Five of the
      personality disorder cluster scale code types that relate to DSM-III Axis II
      categories are identified. Finally, a narrative summation of each of the code
      types is given.

PMID- 3384958
TI  - Schizotypal personality disorder in an outpatient population: incidence and
      clinical characteristics.
AB  - The incidence and clinical characteristics of DSM-III Schizotypal Personality
      Disorder (SPD) were explored in a series of 76 consecutive outpatients. Ten
      patients (13.2%) met DSM-III criteria for SPD. Patients with SPD were
      significantly more likely to receive a diagnosis of drug abuse or dependence and
      tended to exhibit a higher rate of major affective disorders than did the non-SPD
      group. Patients with SPD were rated as significantly more severely disturbed than
      non-SPD patients on the Global Assessment Scale for the current episode and the
      worst lifetime episode of disorder. In addition, SPD patients were significantly
      more likely to have histories of psychiatric hospitalization and attempted
      suicide and first received treatment at a significantly younger age than did non
      SPD patients. These results indicate that SPD is relatively common in outpatient
      settings and is associated with particularly severe psychopathology.

PMID- 3384960
TI  - Borderline personality disorder: replication of MMPI profiles.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine whether a particular MMPI profile is
      associated with borderline personality disorder (BPD). Forty-seven symptomatic
      volunteers who satisfied DSM-III criteria for borderline and/or schizotypal
      personality disorder were given the full MMPI. Concordance of MMPI profile for
      BDP confirmed the findings of four previous studies. Elevations were noted on F,
      D, PD, PA, PT, and SC. A subject's profile with this pattern is interpreted from
      item content as generally neurotic, dysthymic, socially withdrawn, suspicious,
      apathetic toward the future, affectively erratic, unable to anticipate the
      consequences of his or her own behavior, and unable to judge the social
      desirability of his or her own behavior. Correlations of the foregoing scales
      with a total BPD score ranged from .44 to .77, with a multiple R of .80 and a
      cross validity of .77. The accuracy of predicting actual BPD and non-BPD cases
      was 89%. Accordingly, the MMPI could be used as a coarse screen for BPD
      casefinding in that patients with the MMPI profiles above should be selected for
      more thorough diagnostic workup. In the future, the MMPI might be linked to other
      variables, such as drug response, to understand further the pathophysiology of
      BPD.

PMID- 3384961
TI  - An easily comprehensible MMPI short form for rapid assessment of illiterate
      patients.
AB  - An abbreviation of the MMPI was constructed from a 167-item, highly
      comprehensible MMPI short form. Scales MF and SI were omitted, and item analyses
      of data from 101 illiterate patients, who had been read the 167 items, were used
      to shorten the other scales. Estimation equations for the resulting 79-item test
      were calculated on MMPI data from 200 psychiatric inpatients, and the new form
      was compared with the Mini-Mult in literate samples of psychiatric inpatients,
      psychiatric outpatients, male alcoholics, and male prisoners. Correspondence of
      the new abbreviated form with the full MMPI was respectable in all groups, and in
      comparison to the Mini-Mult, there were no strong reasons for preferring one form
      over the other. The new test was poorer than the Mini-Mult in predicting K and
      HY, but better in estimating SC. It was concluded that the abbreviation has
      potential usefulness with cognitively impaired patients.

PMID- 3384963
TI  - Redundancy in measures of depression.
AB  - Three different scales of depression were administered to 108 subjects including
      hospitalized inpatients with a diagnosis of major depression (N = 36), inpatients
      on a renal service (N = 36), and nonhospitalized, healthy volunteers (N = 36).
      Subjects completed the Beck Depression Inventory and the Depression Adjective
      Checklist and were rated by a trained clinician on the Hamilton Depression Rating
      Scale. Correlations were calculated for the total sample, each group
      individually, and a random sample of 36 (12 from each group). Results suggest
      that correlations are sufficiently high to advocate the use of only one measure
      of depression when one is assessing a heterogeneous group.

PMID- 3384962
TI  - Screening for postpartum depression: a methodological note.
AB  - This research evaluated the convergence of Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
      classifications with Research Diagnostic Criteria diagnoses of depression in a
      sample of postpartum women (N = 120). The BDI demonstrated good specificity, but
      poor sensitivity; it detected fewer than half of the diagnosed cases. This
      finding was attributed to the high rate of minor depression found among
      postpartum women, to which the BDI is particularly insensitive. Results indicate
      that the BDI is not a satisfactory screening instrument in postpartum depression
      research.

PMID- 3384964
TI  - The Community Placement Scale: an adaptation of the Community Competence Scale
      for placement of the deinstitutionalized mentally ill.
AB  - The Community Placement Scale (CPS), an abbreviated form of the Community
      Competence Scale (Anderten, 1979) suitable for placement of deinstitutionalized
      mental patients in the community, was developed in a combined sample of 87
      subjects placed in the community in California and Missouri. Although the
      Community Competence Scale has shown considerable promise as a placement
      instrument with the deinstitutionalized mentally ill, a briefer measure is needed
      in order to increase acceptance by both patients and professional staff. Other
      improvements sought were determining the acceptability of items to placement
      personnel nationwide, eliminating nondiscriminating items, and heightening
      internal consistency reliability of subscales. In a series of discriminant
      analyses, remaining subscales were used to predict community placement with
      minimal and maximal degrees of structure. From these analyses, a measure that
      consisted of 5 subscales and 41 items and required approximately 20 minutes to
      administer was selected. This short form has many similarities to and a few
      important differences from the previously published short form.

PMID- 3384965
TI  - Reliability and factorial structure of the Chinese version of the Purpose in Life
      Questionnaire.
AB  - The Chinese version of the Purpose in Life Questionnaire (PIL) was administered
      to 2,140 secondary school students. The PIL was found to have high internal
      consistency as a scale and high item-total correlations for most of the items.
      Factor analysis with a five-factor solution showed that five factors were
      abstracted from the scale, namely, Quality of Life, Meaning of Existence, Death,
      Choice, and Retirement. By randomly splitting the total sample into two
      subsamples, high coefficients of congruence were found for Factors 1,2,3, and 5.
      Alternative analysis with a two-factor solution showed that two general factors,
      namely, Existence and Death, could be extracted. The psychometric properties of
      the Chinese version of the PIL and the implications of the findings were
      discussed.

PMID- 3384966
TI  - The Level of Expressed Emotion Scale: a new measure of expressed emotion.
AB  - The Level of Expressed Emotion (LEE) scale was developed to provide an index of
      the perceived emotional climate in a person's influential relationships. Unlike
      existing measures, the scale was constructed on the basis of a conceptual
      framework described by expressed emotion theorists. In addition to providing an
      overall score, the 60-item scale assesses the following four characteristic
      attitudes or response styles of significant others: Intrusiveness, emotional
      response, attitude toward illness, and tolerance/expectations. The scale
      underwent extensive psychometric development procedures: (1) theoretically based
      item generation; (2) pilot testing with normal and psychiatric populations to
      select the final items; and (3) construct validation within a schizophrenic
      population. The results were quite favorable and indicate that the LEE scale has
      sound psychometric properties of internal consistency; reliability; independence
      from sex, age, and amount of contacts; and construct validity.

PMID- 3384967
TI  - WAIS factor pattern for neuropsychiatric inpatients.
AB  - The current study examines the factor pattern of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence
      Scale for a sample of 151 neuropsychiatric inpatients (97 men, 54 women). As
      expected, these patients performed less well on all 11 of the subtests and ranged
      from .60 to 1.54 SD below normative standards. These patients were neither more
      variable nor were the intercorrelations among the subtests lower than those of
      the normative group. As in previous research, maximum likelihood factor analyses
      revealed the presence of a Verbal Comprehension dimension and a Perceptual
      Organization dimension, factors that were moderately correlated (.60). The
      stability of a two-factor solution for the WAIS in this population and its
      implications for the inclusion of the WAIS as a component of a neuropsychological
      assessment paradigm are discussed.

PMID- 3384969
TI  - Differential patterns of neuropsychological deficit in psychiatric disorders.
AB  - This report investigated differential cerebral impairment on the Luria-Nebraska
      Neuropsychological Battery in schizophrenia, schizoaffective, and depressive
      disorders (N = 106). Results indicated impaired tactile-stereognostic processing
      in schizoaffective and depressive disorder patients and verbal memory deficits in
      the schizophrenic and schizoaffective disorder patients. These findings question
      the specificity of functional neuropsychological deficit areas in schizophrenia
      and depression.

PMID- 3384970
TI  - Induction and reversal of depression, anxiety, and hostility.
AB  - Anxiety, hostility, and depression were induced and reversed by use of the Velton
      (1968) Mood Induction Procedure. Forty subjects were assigned randomly to one of
      four induction groups: Anxiety, Depression, Hostility, or Neutral. Mood states,
      measured by the Multiple Affect Adjective Check List (MAACL) were obtained before
      induction, after induction, and after reversal of moods. All mood induction
      treatments increased levels of all moods, but did not differentially increase a
      specific mood. Induced moods were reversed by using statements opposite to the
      induction ones. Mood induction was not correlated with previously administered
      Internal-External Locus of Control and Profile of Mood States questionnaires, but
      a high baseline MAACL score was correlated with low mood induction. Questions
      amenable to future research were raised.

PMID- 3384968
TI  - Age-related sex differences in verbal memory.
AB  - Verbal learning and memory were studied in 196 healthy men and women aged 40 to
      89. The Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Task (RAVLT), a 15-word list, was presented
      over five trials followed by free recall after each trial. A recognition trial of
      50 words subsequently was administered. A stepwise regression that examined the
      contributions of age, sex, and vocabulary on the five trials of the RAVLT showed
      that age and sex accounted for a significant portion of the variance on each
      trial. Vocabulary accounted for a significant portion of the variance only on
      trials 4 and 5. The recognition trial was not affected by age, sex, or
      vocabulary. Men had lower scores overall as compared to women. In the older age
      group (ages 66-89), this difference was significant on trials two through five.
      Possible mechanisms that may underlie these age-related sex differences in
      learning curves are discussed.

PMID- 3384971
TI  - The role of interpersonal perception in dyadic adjustment.
AB  - The discrepancy between the way individuals perceive themselves and the way they
      are perceived by their partners has been proposed as an indicator of dyadic
      adjustment. The present study employed the CPI to investigate the relation of
      interpersonal perception within dyads and real similarity of spouses to marital
      satisfaction. The subjects were 20 married couples. Support was provided for the
      use of the real similarity-assumed similarity-accuracy paradigm in studies of
      interpersonal perception. No sex differences were found in the ability of
      individuals to predict their spouse's responses on the CPI. Accuracy of
      prediction was correlated significantly with scores on the Hogan Empathy scale
      for males, but not for females. Conversely, accuracy was related significantly to
      dyadic adjustment in the case of females, but not males. Real similarity also was
      correlated positively with dyadic adjustment. Avenues for further research are
      suggested.

PMID- 3384972
TI  - The Barnum effect in couples: effects of intimacy, involvement, and sex on
      acceptance of generalized personality feedback.
AB  - The study assessed the impact of test feedback about one partner on both members
      of male-female couples. Twenty-four males and 24 females ("participants") took an
      inkblot test and received a standard personality interpretation-purportedly
      derived from the test-in the presence of a partner (the "observer"). Half the
      pairs were strangers; the other half defined themselves as intimate friends.
      Intimate couples rated the feedback as more accurate, remembered more of the
      feedback, reported more faith in psychological tests, and rated experimenter
      skill higher than did strangers. Male participants rated the feedback as more
      accurate than did male observers. Males may be more receptive of feedback in
      couples when they themselves have taken the test.

PMID- 3384973
TI  - Social support, perceptions of attractiveness, weight, and the CPI in socially
      anxious males and females.
AB  - To see how socially anxious people function in a number of domains, Watson and
      Friend's (1969) Social Avoidance and Distress Scale (SAD) was administered to 101
      undergraduates along with the California Personality Inventory (CPI) and the
      Psychosocial Support Inventory (PSI), a measure of social support. Additionally,
      a perceived attractiveness measure and various measures related to being
      overweight were taken. SAD scores correlated significantly in a negative
      direction with 13 of the 18 CPI scales, and those with high SAD scores had poorer
      social support networks. High SAD scores also were related to the perception of
      being overweight, but not to perceived physical attractiveness or to actually
      being overweight. Gender differences showed that females had more intimate social
      interactions and that socially anxious females relied more on their family for
      social support than did other people. Overall, the results suggested that the
      socially anxious person may have deficits in a variety of personal and
      interpersonal domains.

PMID- 3384974
TI  - Velten's mood induction technique: "real" change and the effects of personality
      and sex on affect state.
AB  - As an analogue approach to the study of depressed and elated mood formation,
      numerous investigators have attempted, with varying results, to induce mood in
      the laboratory by using variations of Velten's (1968) statements. Inconsistent
      results and theoretical doubts about situational demand influences have cast
      doubt on the efficacy of this technique. The present authors contend that "true"
      induction and the demand condition aspect of the technique both produce affect
      change. In addition, this study replicated Velten's original paradigm while it
      assessed the impact of personality traits, sex of subject, and different
      experimenters on mood inducibility. Ninety-five subjects completed pre-measures
      of self-esteem, locus of control, defense styles, and depression. Results show
      that the Velten technique appears to work independently of personality attributes
      in a college sample, although subject's sex and experimenter effects may well
      affect response to the induction.

PMID- 3384975
TI  - An experimental investigation of Kernberg's and Kohut's theories of narcissism.
AB  - This article presents data from a double-blind experimental study of the
      comparative validity of specific premises of Kernberg's and Kohut's theories of
      narcissism. The Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI) was administered to 70
      undergraduates. Thirteen of the 14 most narcissistic subjects (from the NPI data)
      participated in three experimental sessions during which the subject was exposed
      to one of three subliminal stimuli administered tachistoscopically. Each of the
      experimental stimuli represented an aspect of Kernberg's or Kohut's clinical
      theory of narcissism. A third stimulus contained neutral content and served as a
      control. After each tachistoscopic administration, the Narcissism-Projective (N
      P) and the Self Focus Sentence Completion (SFSC), measures designed to assess
      narcissism and egocentricity, were administered. Results indicate that the
      Kernberg stimulus demonstrated a significant effect on the subject's narcissism
      and egocentricity (p less than .01). The stimulus that represented Kohut's theory
      did not demonstrate any statistically significant effect. It is concluded that
      methodologically rigorous investigations of psychoanalytical questions of
      theoretical and clinical significance are possible and necessary.

PMID- 3384976
TI  - Resurrecting the ICAS: a competitor for the MAC in screening medical patients for
      alcoholism?
AB  - Although the MacAndrew scale (MAC) is the most widely used of the MMPI alcoholism
      screening scales, evidence to support its continued use is equivocal, and recent
      data raise serious questions about its efficacy in the screening of medical
      patients. In comparison, the Institutionalized Chronic Alcoholic Scale (ICAS), an
      8-item scale, has an equivalent correct classification rate among male alcoholics
      and is significantly better than the MAC scale at identifying female alcoholics.
      Furthermore, misclassification rates among medical patients and normal persons
      are substantially lower for the ICAS than for the MAC scale, although the ICAS
      overidentifies potential alcoholism among normal women and female medical
      patients. However, reliability coefficients across the criterion and contrast
      samples are disappointingly low, and the use of the ICAS cannot be defended on
      that basis.

PMID- 3384977
TI  - The MacAndrew Alcoholism Scale in epilepsy: a high false positive error rate.
AB  - A substantial proportion of patients with epilepsy seen in a large medical center
      were found to be incorrectly classified as possible substance abusers by the
      MacAndrew Alcoholism Scale (MAC) of the MMPI. Demographic variables, IQs, and MAC
      scale raw scores were compiled for a sample of 29 male and 33 female seizure
      patients. No significant or meaningful differences were found between the sexes;
      therefore, the sample was treated as a single group. False positive error rates
      on the MAC scale were 48.39% when MacAndrew's originally proposed raw score cut
      off of 24 was used; 30.65% with a cut-off of 26; 20.97% with a cut-off of 28; and
      9.68% with a cut-off of 30. A similarity of experiential and behavioral
      characteristics between seizure patients and substance abusers is suggested as a
      possible reason for the findings. A greater awareness of this high false positive
      rate for epilepsy patients is needed to differentiate drug-/alcohol-induced from
      non-induced seizures and to prevent inappropriate labeling of seizure patients by
      the various professional groups who utilize the MMPI. Suggestions are made for
      future research.

PMID- 3384978
TI  - Behavioral changes of adolescents in drug abuse intervention programs.
AB  - Reduction of problem behaviors (drug and alcohol use, school problems, and legal
      involvement) by Mexican-American youth (N = 326) during their first 3 months in
      drug abuse intervention programs was related negatively to peer drug use during
      the program and was related positively to the amount of family support available
      during the program, participation in program activities, and a background of
      religious involvement. These findings support previous research that has shown
      the importance of peer influences and commitment to conventional structures of
      family and religion in relation to adolescent problem behaviors. These findings
      suggest that two goals that adolescent drug abuse programs should stress are
      working heavily on developing positive peer relations and family support while
      they encourage disassociation from deviant friends.

PMID- 3384979
TI  - Screening of antenatal patients in a multiethnic community for beta thalassaemia
      trait.
AB  - An investigation of the reliability of screening tests for beta thalassaemia
      trait in pregnant women was carried out as part of a programme to predict beta
      thalassaemia major in the fetus. Women with a mean corpuscular volume (MCV) of
      less than 83fl were examined further, and the reliability of various red cell
      indices as screening tests was assessed and compared. Over three years 696 women
      were found to be microcytic and were investigated further. If no abnormal
      haemoglobin was found by cellulose acetate electrophoresis at alkaline pH,
      haemoglobin A2 estimation was performed. Beta thalassaemia trait was diagnosed in
      56 (8%) of the microcytic women. Both the MCV and the mean corpuscular
      haemoglobin (MCH) were found to be suitable screening tests for detecting
      patients who required further investigation. Women found to have beta
      thalassaemia trait or a functionally equivalent disorder were of varied ethnic
      origins. Of 58 such women, partners were investigated in 45 instances, and three
      pregnancies at risk of beta thalassaemia major were identified. Investigations
      for beta thalassaemia trait should preferably be carried out before pregnancy but
      for those already pregnant investigation should be carried out, irrespective of
      whether the patient seems to be iron deficient. It is advisable that partners of
      women with beta thalassaemia trait have hemoglobin electrophoresis, whatever
      their red cell indices, as double heterozygosity for either haemoglobin S or
      haemoglobin E and beta thalassaemia may produce severe disease.

PMID- 3384980
TI  - A case of IgD myeloma presenting as diffuse osteosclerosis.
AB  - A case of IgD myeloma accompanied by diffuse osteosclerosis is reported. A
      trephine biopsy specimen showed only reticulin fibrosis, but histomorphometric
      analysis of a full thickness transiliac bone biopsy specimen showed increased
      trabecular bone mass, with no local deposit of tumour. An excess of bone surfaces
      were covered by osteoid seams, all of which showed active mineralisation,
      indicating a relative increase in osteoblastic activity; osteoclasis seemed to be
      unaffected. It is suggested that the cause of the generalised osteosclerosis
      might be production of an osteoblast stimulating factor by the myeloma cells.

PMID- 3384981
TI  - Diaphragm disease: pathology of disease of the small intestine induced by non
      steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
AB  - Operative small bowel resection specimens received over a period of 16 years were
      reviewed to assess whether any intestinal disease could be directly attributed to
      the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID). Seven cases of
      intestinal disease associated with the use of NSAID were identified, all of which
      occurred in the final six years of the survey, which may reflect the increasing
      use of these compounds. A spectrum of patterns was found from multiple
      pathognomonic ileal mucosal diaphragms to broad strictures similar to those seen
      as a complication of enteric potassium. It seems likely that the formation of
      diaphragm lesions requires an additional factor, but what is not known as yet is
      whether the effects of NSAID are local or systemic.

PMID- 3384982
TI  - Comparative study of the degree of differentiation of neuroblastoma and mean
      numbers of nucleolar organiser regions.
AB  - Twenty confirmed cases of childhood neuroblastoma diagnosed over six years were
      reviewed and classified according to the subtyping proposed by Shimada et al. The
      tumours were stained using a silver colloid method for nucleolar organiser
      regions (NORs), and the mean number of NORs for every 200 cells was calculated.
      The correlation between the mean number of NORs and histology and survival was
      studied. There was a significant correlation between the mean numbers of NORs and
      differentiation, and with the mitosis-karyorrhexis index (MKI) in the stroma poor
      group (p = 0.01-0.001). A trend to increased survival with decreased numbers of
      NORs was observed in the study group as a whole (rank order of correlation = 
      0.57, p = 0.05-0.02). It is suggested that mean number of NORs is of prognostic
      value in neuroblastomas.

PMID- 3384983
TI  - Degree of differentiation in colorectal adenocarcinomas: a multivariate analysis
      of the influence on survival.
AB  - Three hundred and sixty eight resected colorectal adenocarcinomas were graded
      (WHO) retrospectively and the results correlated with estimated length of patient
      survival. In 30 (82%) of the tumours more than one degree of differentiation was
      found. Histological grade significantly influenced survival time when other
      explanatory variables such as tumour site and stage, age, and sex were adjusted
      for. The results suggested that three degrees of differentiation (well, moderate,
      and poor) are sufficient for the grading of colorectal carcinomas, and that
      grading should be based on the predominating degree of differentiation
      represented in the primary tumour.

PMID- 3384984
TI  - Correlation of urine cytology with ABO(H) antigenicity in transitional cell
      carcinoma of the bladder.
AB  - Cell surface ABO(H) antigenicity of superficial bladder tumours was assessed by
      the indirect immunoperoxidase test in 49 patients. Good correlation was obtained
      between surface antigenicity of tumours and the results of urine cytology.
      Malignant cells were detected cytologically in 22(56%) of cases with ABO(H)
      antigen negative tumours which are known to behave more aggressively than ABO(H)
      antigen positive ones. In contrast, malignant cells were found in the urine
      cytology of only one (10%) of patients with ABO(H) antigen positive tumours.

PMID- 3384985
TI  - Flat in situ carcinoma of the bladder: cytological examination of urine in
      diagnosis, follow up, and assessment of response to chemotherapy.
AB  - Urine cytology was performed for the diagnosis and follow up of flat carcinoma in
      situ (CIS) of the bladder in a series of 35 patients without associated or
      previous bladder tumours. Ninety six per cent had positive or suspicious cytology
      at initial presentation. There were no false positive reports. Cytological
      diagnosis of malignancy was made before biopsy in 24 patients: CIS in voided
      urine presents as flat sheets of five to 15 cells with features of high grade
      malignancy. Development of tumour during follow up was suggested by the
      appearance of large thick sheets and clusters of 30 or more malignant cells which
      were large and pleomorphic in high grade tumours and relatively small and closely
      cohesive in low grade tumours. Eleven of 13 patients with these clusters had
      bladder or ureteric tumours and two had malignant disease in the prostate.
      Negative cytological results in the presence of degenerative changes caused by
      chemotherapy was an unreliable indicator of response to chemotherapy, and there
      were five patients with false negative reports during treatment, of whom three
      had developed tumour. Persistence of malignant cells with features similar to
      those seen in the urine before treatment reliably predicted failure to respond to
      chemotherapy.

PMID- 3384986
TI  - Expression of epithelial membrane and 3-fucosyl-N-acetyllactosamine antigens in
      cervix uteri with particular reference to adenocarcinoma in situ.
AB  - The staining patterns obtained with antiepithelial membrane antigen (anti-EMA)
      and the monoclonal antibody to 3-fucosyl-N-acetyllactosamine (AGF 4:48) in the
      uterine cervix in intraepithelial and invasive neoplasia were compared to
      determine a possible role in differential diagnosis of reactive and neoplastic
      conditions. Both early invasive and in situ adenocarcinoma stained equally
      intensely with both agents and both antibodies stained diffusely tubal
      metaplasia, endometrial lined glands, and even occasional areas of normal
      endocervical mucosa. It is concluded that these agents are unlikely to be of use
      in the routine histological differentiation of glandular and squamous cervical
      dysplasia or neoplasia, but immunostaining with anti-EMA may help differentiate
      between reactive and metaplastic changes in endocervical glands and
      adenocarcinoma in situ.

PMID- 3384988
TI  - Evaluation of an enzymatic method for determining creatinine in plasma.
AB  - An enzymatic kit method for the determination of plasma creatinine was optimised
      for use with a centrifugal analyser and its performance characteristics and
      practicability compared with an end point and a kinetic Jaffe-based method. The
      enzymatic method exhibited several advantages over Jaffe-based methods--namely,
      smaller sample size, rapid sample throughput (200 per hour), and improved
      specificity. Glucose, acetoacetate, and cefoxitin did not interfere with the
      enzymatic method, although bilirubin did cause a negative interference which
      depended on both creatinine and bilirubin concentrations. The enzymatic method
      has particular clinical application in neonates, diabetic ketotic patients, and
      those receiving cephalosporins.

PMID- 3384987
TI  - Rapid protein A assay for intrinsic factor and its binding antibody.
AB  - A simple and rapid method for the measurement of cobalamin bound intrinsic factor
      (Cbl-IF) complex and intrinsic factor binding antibody is described. The method
      is based on the principle of affinity chromatography and adapted to a batch
      separation technique. A specific ligand staphylococcal protein A was coupled to
      Sepharose to form a convenient solid phase matrix. The intrinsic factor binding
      antibody in patients with pernicious anaemia was used to form an immune complex
      with Cbl-IF. This complex was adsorbed on to staphylococcal protein A. Gastric
      juice from control subjects and patients with pernicious anaemia was assayed for
      intrinsic factor activity and the results correlated very closely with two other
      established methods. Sera from 30 control subjects were assayed for binding
      intrinsic factor antibody and all were found to be negative; of 15 patients with
      pernicious anaemia, six were positive. These patients were selected with blocking
      antibody. The method does not require technologically advanced protein separation
      techniques and could therefore be applied in any clinical laboratory using
      radioisotopes. It could also be adapted to assay cobalamin in body fluids or in
      food.

PMID- 3384989
TI  - Fetal volvulus of the small intestine.

PMID- 3384990
TI  - Unexpected expectoration.

PMID- 3384991
TI  - Cytopathic effects of Campylobacter pylori urease.

PMID- 3384992
TI  - Brown fat and sudden death.

PMID- 3384993
TI  - Giant cell myocarditis associated with lymphoma.

PMID- 3384994
TI  - Diagnostic and prognostic value of DNA image cytometry in myelodysplasia.
AB  - The DNA content of erythropoietic cells from 10 patients with refractory anaemia
      (RA) with megaloblastic changes, who subsequently developed acute non
      lymphoblastic leukaemia (ANL), and from seven patients with megaloblastic marrow
      aspirates due to pernicious anaemia were compared by DNA image cytometry. The DNA
      distribution, the rate of aneuploid cells exceeding 5c (5cER), and the square
      deviation index of DNA values from the normal 2c-peak (2cDI) were recorded. Both
      variables were of diagnostic and prognostic importance for epithelial tumours,
      malignant lymphomas, and dysplastic lesions. A rate of 5cER greater than 0 was
      found in eight of 10 myelodysplastic, but in none of seven control cases.
      Hypodiploidy was equally pronounced in both groups of patients. The 5cE had the
      highest discriminative value of all variables calculated. The 2cDI was not
      significantly different in either group. In pernicious anaemia the 2cDI depended
      mainly on the percentage of S cells, reflecting the defect of DNA synthesis. In
      RA with megaloblastosis the 2cDI correlated with the percentage of G2 cells,
      reflecting G2 arrest. In the myelodysplastic group the 2cDI correlated positively
      with the length of time until ANL developed, indicating the prognostic relevance
      of 2cDI. Our findings show that in megaloblastic anaemia DNA image cytometry can
      distinguish myelodysplasia from pernicious anaemia and that it also provides
      prognostic information.

PMID- 3384995
TI  - Acquired dysfibrinogenaemia masquerading as disseminated intravascular
      coagulation in acute pancreatitis.
AB  - Acquired dysfibrinogenaemia as the cause of coagulation abnormalities occurred in
      a case of acute pancreatitis. Initial coagulation studies showed a prolonged
      thrombin time and increased concentrations of serum fibrinogen/fibrin degradation
      products and plasma D-dimer. Further studies on purified fibrinogen showed
      evidence of degradation of the C-terminal ends of the A-alpha chains, which, it
      is suggested, resulted from the action of circulating pancreatic proteases.
      Fibrin polymerisation was thus shown to be impaired, which explains the
      prolongation of the thrombin time. There was a temporal relation between
      increased amylase activities and the prolonged thrombin time, both of which
      returned to normal three weeks after admission. Acquired dysfibrinogenaemia may
      be an underrecognized phenomenon in acute pancreatitis and may lead to
      misinterpretation of coagulation test abnormalities.

PMID- 3384996
TI  - Late Niemann-Pick disease with neurovisceral storage: a classification problem.
AB  - A 51 year old man presented in 1969 with slowly progressive cerebellar ataxia of
      unknown origin. He was admitted to hospital aged 68 after a fall, and a ruptured
      spleen was removed at laparotomy. Histological analysis of the spleen suggested
      Niemann-Pick disease, which was subsequently confirmed. He deteriorated and died
      of bronchopneumonia shortly afterwards: subdural haemorrhage with storage
      material in neurones was found at necropsy. This late onset case of Niemann-Pick
      disease with neurovisceral storage is unusual and may represent a variant.

PMID- 3384998
TI  - Use of statistical evaluation of antigen profiles in differential diagnosis
      between colonic and ovarian adenocarcinomas.
AB  - A study was carried out to determine whether it was possible to classify colonic
      and ovarian adenocarcinomas by their antigen profile. Colonic and ovarian
      adenocarcinomas were immunostained with a panel of antibodies which have a
      limited specificity for colon (parlam-4, 19.9, anti-secretory component) and
      ovary (OV-TL3 and OC125) and the most discriminatory antibodies were selected by
      stepwise linear discriminant analysis. For frozen material OV-TL3 and OC125 were
      the best classifying antibodies. Although OC125 had better discriminative power,
      for paraffin wax embedded material parlam-4 was selected as the best classifying
      antibody. OC125 had no additional effect on the classification of a tumour. These
      antibodies were subsequently tested on an independent test set of primary and
      metastatic adenocarcinomas of colonic and ovarian origin. When ovarian posterior
      probabilities of less than 0.1 and greater than 0.9 were selected as cut off
      points for a positive identification of colonic or ovarian origin (jackknifed
      classification method), no adenocarcinoma was incorrectly identified as ovarian
      carcinoma in frozen material. The same trend was noticed for paraffin wax
      embedded material. Statistical analysis of antigen profiles can be helpful in
      defining the colonic or ovarian origin of an adenocarcinoma when routine
      microscopy does not yield a definitive result.

PMID- 3384997
TI  - Quantification of oestrogen receptors in breast cancer: radiochemical assay on
      cytosols and cryostat sections compared with semiquantitative immunocytochemical
      analysis.
AB  - A radiochemical oestrogen receptor assay on cytosol was correlated with a
      radiochemical and an immunohistochemical oestrogen receptor assay using cryostat
      sections from 50 breast cancer specimens. Oestrogen receptors were reliably
      quantitated in 6 micron cryostat sections with Scatchard analysis using
      radiolabelled oestradiol, and a good quantitative and qualitative relation with
      cytosol oestrogen receptor assay was found. Parallel sections were used for
      routine histological tissue verification and for direct comparison with
      immunohistochemistry for oestrogen receptor. Specific immunoperoxidase staining
      with a rat monoclonal antibody was scored by semiquantitative evaluation of the
      staining intensity of cancer cell nuclei. Oestrogen receptor scoring was highly
      reproducible when performed by the same observer. The semiquantitative
      immunohistochemical oestrogen receptor score correlated significantly better with
      the radiochemical assay on sections than with cytosol assay. Oestrogen receptor
      in breast cancer can be reliably assayed by semiquantitative evaluation of
      cryostat sections immunostained for oestrogen receptor, but only if the procedure
      is adequately standardised. The results underline the importance of cellular
      heterogeneity as a cause of variation in oestrogen receptor assay evaluation in
      breast cancer.

PMID- 3384999
TI  - Immunoblot analysis of immune response to Campylobacter pylori and its clinical
      associations.
AB  - Systemic immune response to Campylobacter pylori was detected by the immunoblot
      technique in serum samples from 200 patients, 129 blood donors, and 96 children.
      The results of the IgG immunoblot test showed excellent correlation with the
      detection of C pylori by culture and also with histopathological examination of
      the antrum, as well as with peptic ulcer disease. An IgA response also occurred
      and gave results comparable with those of the IgG immunoblot test, although on a
      quantitatively lower scale. The IgM immunoblots were of no help in the
      serodiagnosis of C pylori infection. The protein bands that seemed to be the most
      specific for C pylori and which were consistently observed in patients positive
      for C pylori were a 110 kilodalton and a 63 kilodalton band on the IgG immunoblot
      and an 89 kilodalton band on the IgA immunoblot. A 94 kilodalton and a 28
      kilodalton band were also included in the evaluation. While immunoblot analysis
      may be used effectively for the serodiagnosis of C pylori infection and can
      distinguish between patients with normal antrum mucosa and those with gastritis,
      the test does not help to distinguish between those patients with antrum
      gastritis who subsequently develop peptic ulcers and those who do not.

PMID- 3385000
TI  - Comparison of methods for isolating Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare from blood
      of patients with AIDS.
AB  - A variety of blood culture media were compared to determine the optimal method
      for the isolation of Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (MAI) from the blood of
      patients with AIDS. Simulated laboratory blood cultures and clinical blood
      cultures were tested. Glucose broth, Bactec aerobic medium, Kirschner's medium,
      and Bactec Middlebrook medium supported the growth of MAI. The Isolator system, a
      lysis centrifugation method, facilitated the most rapid isolation of MAI (p =
      0.001). The Bactec Middlebrook medium gave the most rapid detection rate (p =
      0.001) as acid fast bacilli could be stained by the Ziehl-Neelson method before
      colonies were isolated in the Isolator system. The growth index readings did not
      reliably predict mycobacterial growth in the two radiometric media tested.
      Although several methods may be used to isolate MAI from blood, the most rapid
      and sensitive method is the Isolator system used in combination with the Bactec
      Middlebrook medium.

PMID- 3385001
TI  - Rapid identification of bacterial antigen in blood cultures and cerebrospinal
      fluid.
AB  - The ability of antibody coated latex particle suspensions to aid the diagnosis of
      septicaemia and meningitis in children was assessed in 272 blood culture sets and
      85 cerebrospinal fluid specimens. This was also assessed in cases caused by
      Neisseria meningitidis group B infection. The method was 100% sensitive and 99%
      specific, with good predictive values (range 63% to 100%) and provided valuable
      support to the routine bacteriological examination of blood culture and
      cerebrospinal fluid.

PMID- 3385002
TI  - Improved blood free selective medium for isolating Campylobacter jejuni from
      faecal specimens.

PMID- 3385003
TI  - Specificity problem of polyclonal rabbit antibody.

PMID- 3385004
TI  - Zinc supplementation and erythropoiesis in the elderly.

PMID- 3385005
TI  - Lethal challenge of gnotobiotic weanling rats.

PMID- 3385006
TI  - Induction of aberrant functional afferents to the chick cochlear nucleus.
AB  - Surgical extirpation of the otocyst on embryonic day (E) 3 in chick embryos
      prevents formation of the cochlear nerve and results in development of an
      aberrant axonal projection from the contralateral cochlear nucleus (nucleus
      magnocellularis, NM) to the deafferented NM. We have studied the morphology of
      this projection using horseradish peroxidase injections in NM axons and light and
      electron microscopy. The ability of the projection to activate its target neurons
      synaptically was assessed by means of extracellular microelectrode recording from
      in vitro preparations of the chick brainstem. The aberrant projection arises as a
      vertically directed branch from the contralaterally traveling NM axon at the
      medial border of nucleus laminaris (NL). This axonal branch forms boutonal
      endings that may terminate anywhere in NM but are most common in its ventral and
      medial regions. In our experiments, this projection is not seen on the unoperated
      side of experimental animals or in normal controls from E11 onward but is found
      on the operated sides of all experimental animals, including those with bilateral
      removal of the otocysts. The aberrant projection persists at least from E11
      through hatching and has essentially identical features in unilaterally and
      bilaterally lesioned animals. The endings of the aberrant projection are boutonal
      in form and, in the electron microscope, exhibit all of the elements associated
      with normal synapses. Electrophysiological studies confirm that stimulation of
      the aberrant axons can elicit postsynaptic responses in NM and suggest that these
      synapses use an excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter.

PMID- 3385007
TI  - Distribution of dopamine immunoreactivity in the forebrain and midbrain of the
      snake Python regius: a study with antibodies against dopamine.
AB  - The distribution of dopamine (DA) immunoreactivity in the forebrain and midbrain
      of the ball python, Python regius, was studied by using recently developed
      antibodies against DA. In order to determine general and species-specific
      features of the DA system in reptiles, we have selected the ball python as a
      representative of a reptilian radiation that hitherto has not been the subject of
      (immuno)histochemical studies. Dopamine-containing cell bodies were found around
      the glomeruli and in the external plexiform layer of both the main and accessory
      olfactory bulb, but not in the telencephalon proper. In the diencephalon, DA
      cells were observed in several parts of the periventricular hypothalamic nucleus,
      in the periventricular organ, the ependymal wall of the infundibular recess, the
      lateral hypothalamic area, the magnocellular ventrolateral thalamic nucleus, and
      the pretectal posterodorsal nucleus. In the midbrain, DA cells were found in the
      ventral tegmental area, the substantia nigra, and the presumed reptilian
      homologue of the mammalian A8 cell group. Dopaminergic fibers and varicosities
      were observed throughout the whole brain, particularly in the telencephalon and
      diencephalon. The nucleus accumbens, striatum, olfactory tubercle, and nucleus of
      the accessory olfactory tract appear to have the most dense innervation, but the
      lateral septal nucleus, the dorsal ventricular ridge, and the nucleus sphericus
      also show numerous DA-containing fibers and varicosities. Except for the lateral
      cortex, cortical areas are not densely innervated by DA fibers. The DA system of
      the snake Python regius shares many features with that of lizards and turtles as
      determined with the same antibodies. The taxonomically close relationship between
      lizards and snakes, which together constitute the Squamata, is reflected in a
      similar distribution of DA fibers and varicosities to the dorsal ventricular
      ridge and the lateral cortex, and in the limited number of CSF-contacting DA
      neurons in the hypothalamus.

PMID- 3385008
TI  - Central projections of intracellularly labeled auditory nerve fibers in cats:
      morphometric correlations with physiological properties.
AB  - The central arborizations and endings of type I spiral ganglion neurons were
      labeled with intracellular injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) after their
      characteristic frequency (CF) and spontaneous discharge rate (SR) were
      physiologically determined. A fiber-by-fiber analysis was conducted and the
      morphological data compared with the fiber's response properties. The total
      number of branch points was correlated with total fiber length, a relationship
      that remained relatively constant when analyzing the ascending and descending
      branches together or separately. On the other hand, the ascending branches of
      four out of five fibers having CFs below 0.5 kHz bifurcated and gave rise to a
      pair of terminal endbulbs of Held. Low- and medium-SR fibers gave rise to more
      endings than did high-SR fibers, especially on the ascending branch. This
      difference was accounted for by small endings, a category composed of terminal
      boutons, string endings, and small complex endings. The categories of modified
      endbulbs, and endbulbs of Held did not vary in number with respect to fiber SR.
      The mean area of each ending type within the small ending category was
      statistically smaller for low- and medium-SR fibers than for high-SR fibers,
      whereas the mean area of modified endbulbs and endbulbs of Held was not
      correlated with fiber SR. Total ending area per fiber appeared independent of
      either CF or SR. These results are discussed in relation to issues of
      conservation of axon arborizations and terminals, and convergence of input from
      the different SR groups.

PMID- 3385009
TI  - Quantitative relationships between motoneuron and muscle development in Xenopus
      laevis: implications for motoneuron cell death and motor unit formation.
AB  - A common approach to the study of neural regression has been to correlate the
      timing of cell loss with other events such as target development. Most of these
      studies have areas of uncertainty. First, the analysis is normally carried out on
      groups of neurons that innervate a variety of targets. Second, there are some
      doubts about the reliability of light microscopic quantitation of muscle
      development. In this study, the period of cell death in the semimembranosus motor
      pool of Xenopus laevis has been estimated and correlated with an electron
      microscopic study of the development of the semimembranosus. The period of cell
      death of semimembranosus motoneurons was estimated on the basis of their position
      in the spinal cord and from the number of myelinated axons in the semimembranosus
      motor nerve. The semimembranosus motor pool contained approximately 70
      motoneurons and was located 17-37% along the rostrocaudal axis of the lumbar
      cord. Cell loss from this motor pool occurred between stages 53-54 and 56,
      whereas cell death in the entire lumbar cord extended beyond stage 58. Primary
      myogenesis occurred between stages 53 and 54 in the semimembranosus. There was
      then a hiatus in myotube production until secondary myogenesis began around stage
      56. It is concluded that secondary myotubes are not involved in regulating
      motoneuron cell death and that the number of primary myotube clusters is similar
      in magnitude to the number of motoneurons that will ultimately survive the period
      of cell death. The implications of these observations for theories of cell death
      and motor unit formation are discussed.

PMID- 3385010
TI  - Immunohistochemical localization of a membrane-associated, 4.1-like protein in
      the rat visual cortex during postnatal development.
AB  - Expression and localization of a membrane-associated protein, an analog of
      erythrocyte protein 4.1, in the visual cortex were immunohistochemically studied
      in the rat, ranging in age from newborn to adult. In the adult, dendrites and
      somas of layer V pyramidal cells were stained by the antiprotein 4.1 antibody. In
      most of these immunoreactive neurons, the plasma membrane seemed to be
      preferentially stained. Neurons located in layers II and III of the cortex were
      only faintly stained, and those in layers IV and VI were not stained. At birth,
      the immunoreactivity was already present in pyramidal cells located in the upper
      part of the cortical subplate. Immature neurons located in the cortical plate
      were not stained by the antibody, suggesting that the 4.1-like protein is
      expressed only in the neurons that have differentiated or are differentiating. At
      postnatal days 2-8, immunoreactive neurons were dramatically increased in layers
      V and VI and intense labeling was seen at the apical dendrites of layer V
      pyramidal cells. Most of the stained processes of these and other neurons showed
      a sign of rapid dendritic growth, i.e., growth cones and filopidia. At days 10
      17, the basal dendrites of pyramidal cells in layers II and III became
      detectable, although still slender. At days 20-37, these dendrites in layers II,
      III, and V became intensely immunoreactive, and dendritic spines were visualized
      by the antibody. Throughout all the ages, axons of neurons and neuroglia were not
      stained by the antibody. Also, most of the neurons in layer IV of the cortex were
      not immunoreactive. These results suggest that the 4.1-like protein is abundantly
      expressed in growing parts of the dendrites and spines. A hypothesis that this
      protein may play a role in synaptic plasticity in the developing visual cortex is
      discussed.

PMID- 3385011
TI  - Neuronal microtubule-associated proteins in the embryonic avian spinal cord.
AB  - We have used monoclonal antibodies to study the distribution of three
      developmentally regulated microtubule-associated proteins-MAP2, MAP5, and tau
      during the morphogenesis of the thoracic spinal cord and peripheral nervous
      system in the quail. MAP5 is the only one of the three that is present in growing
      motor neuron processes in the day 3 embryo. The low-molecular weight form of
      MAP2, MAP2c, is found in motor neuron cell bodies at embryonic day 3. At later
      stages MAP2c appears in axons and in glia; it decreases in abundance between
      embryonic days 5 and 7. High-molecular weight MAP2 appears in motor neuron cell
      bodies and spinal cord gray matter at embryonic day 4, and is never encountered
      in axons. Tau is found in axons, but only at embryonic day 3.5, after they have
      commenced active extension. The molecular form and patterns of intracellular
      compartmentalization of each of the microtubule-associated proteins studied is
      conserved in mammalian and avian neurons. We conclude that MAP5 may be involved
      in the active growth of neuronal processes, whereas MAP2 and tau are not, and
      that high-molecular weight MAP2 and tau may stabilize dendritic and axonal
      processes, respectively.

PMID- 3385012
TI  - Neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive amacrine cells in the retina of the turtle
      Pseudemys scripta elegans.
AB  - Antiserum directed against neuropeptide Y selectively labeled certain amacrine
      cells in the turtle retina. The cell types, sizes, dendritic stratification,
      regional distribution, and degrees of immunolabeling were examined. The results
      indicated that three morphologically distinct cell types were labeled: types A,
      B, and C. Computer rotation of digitized data from camera lucida drawings was
      used to study dendritic stratification. The type A somata were large (11.5 micron
      in diameter), well-stained, and located in the third tier of the inner nuclear
      layer. Type A somata gave rise to well-stained processes which arborized within
      the inner plexiform layer in strata 1 and 3 and at the border between strata 4
      and 5. Processes in stratum 1 were sparse and delicate with small boutons.
      Processes in stratum 3 were numerous and often coarse, with many large and small
      boutons. At the border between strata 4 and 5 the processes were frequently
      numerous but slender, with many small boutons. Occasional immunolabeled processes
      were found in the ganglion cell layer. The somata of the type B cells were
      smaller (9.0 micron in diameter) and gave rise to single labeled processes which
      descended into the inner plexiform layer and divided quickly into two secondary
      processes. These secondary processes gave rise to lightly labeled dendritic
      fields which arborized primarily in strata 2 and 4. The type C cells were usually
      observed at the periphery of the retina and had large somata (12.0 micron in
      diameter) with simple, but very elongated, dendritic arborizations in strata 1,
      4, and 5. Observations also showed that type A and B cells were often found in
      close proximity to each other and suggested that dendrites of these cells made
      contact with each other. The labeled neurons were distributed relatively evenly
      throughout the retina except for the visual streak where they were sparse. This
      study indicates that neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity is found in more than
      one anatomically distinct class of amacrine cells in the turtle retina.

PMID- 3385013
TI  - Organization of the zebra finch song control system: I. Representation of
      syringeal muscles in the hypoglossal nucleus.
AB  - Understanding the representation of learned skills in the brain requires that one
      know the neural substrate for those skills. The avian song control system uses
      auditory information to establish and modify motor programs, which provide
      patterns for the excitation of individual muscles. In the present study, a
      combination of neurophysiological and anatomical techniques was used to map the
      representation of syringeal muscles in the tracheosyringeal part of the
      hypoglossal nucleus of adult male zebra finches. Microstimulation revealed that
      control zones for individual muscles are arranged along the rostrocaudal axis of
      the nucleus. The ventralis and dorsalis muscles have the largest domains, located
      at the rostral and caudal ends of the nucleus, respectively. The retrograde
      tracer fluorogold was applied to the muscles and confirmed this pattern. The
      muscle map obtained will provide a useful tool for further study of the
      convergence of muscle representation and sound representation in the more central
      portions of the song control pathway. This knowledge is essential for
      understanding how learned sounds are perceived and produced.

PMID- 3385014
TI  - Organization and synaptic relationships of the projection from the primary
      sensory to the primary motor cortex in the cat.
AB  - It is known from previous studies that fibers originating from cells in area 2 of
      the cat primary somatosensory cortex project topographically to area 4 of the
      motor cortex and that they terminate preferentially in the caudal region of the
      cruciate sulcus. We examined this pathway to determine more precisely the
      distribution pattern of fibers and the laminar arrangement of axon terminals in
      the motor cortex. The recently developed technique of PHA-L staining enabled us
      to label anterogradely the axons that form this projection. Iontophoretic
      injections of PHA-L were made into the rostral bank of the ansate sulcus (area
      2). After 7 days the cats were perfused and the tissue was processed
      immunohistochemically to stain the PHA-L filled fibers. Light microscopic
      examination revealed that a small cluster of cells in the sensory cortex gave
      rise to multiple foci of labeled axons in area 4. The labeled fibers formed
      columnlike arrays, which were located for the most part in the posterior bank of
      the cruciate sulcus and were separated by irregular intervals of cortex devoid of
      labeled fibers. Clusters of labeled fibers were also found in the anterior region
      of the cruciate sulcus in some of the animals. The dimensions of the labeled
      areas and the small number of cells that gave rise to each group of fibers
      suggested that axonal branches of cells within the injection site formed the
      multiple foci. Variations in the immunohistochemical staining enabled us to study
      the laminar distribution of sensory cortex axon terminals with the electron
      microscope. Whereas some PHA-L labeled terminals were found in the deep cortical
      layers, the majority (82%) were spread throughout layers I-III. Differences in
      the laminar distribution of sensory cortex afferents that formed axodendritic or
      axospinous synapses were noted. Synapses formed with dendritic shafts were
      relatively sparse (28%) and were confined to the superficial layers. Some of the
      more numerous axospinous synapses, which accounted for 72% of identified
      synapses, were found in layers V and VI, although most were in layers I-III. The
      distribution pattern of terminals showed little variation between columns in
      different areas of the motor cortex, including that in the anterior cruciate
      region. The pattern of termination of the sensory to motor cortex projection is
      discussed in relation to the physiological characteristics of this pathway.

PMID- 3385015
TI  - Distribution of serotonin immunoreactivity in the forebrain and midbrain of the
      lizard Gekko gecko.
AB  - The distribution of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) in the forebrain and
      midbrain of the lizard Gekko gecko was studied by means of antibodies against
      serotonin. In the diencephalon, serotonin-immunoreactive (5-HTi) cell bodies were
      found in the hypothalamic periventricular organ and the ependymal wall of the
      infundibular recess. In the midbrain, 5-HTi cells were observed in the nucleus
      raphes superior and the lateral portion of the nucleus reticularis superior. In
      addition, 5-HTi cell bodies were found lateral to the ventral interpeduncular
      nucleus and around the ventral aspect of the medial longitudinal fasciculus.
      Serotonin-immunoreactive fibers and varicosities are present throughout the
      forebrain and the midbrain, but particularly in the nucleus accumbens, the septal
      area, the dorsal cortex, the dorsal thalamus, the lateral geniculate body, the
      ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus, the pretectal nucleus, and the basal optic
      nucleus. The medial habenular nucleus contains a dense 5-HTi plexus that shows a
      patchlike pattern. A laminar organization of 5-HTi fibers and varicosities is
      present in the midbrain tectum. When compared with data obtained in other
      vertebrates, the present study has confirmed that in the phylogenetic series
      fishes-amphibians-reptiles-birds-mammals there appears to be (1) a gradual
      decrease in the number of cerebrospinal-fluid-contacting serotoninergic cells in
      the hypothalamic periventricular layer and (2) a remarkable increase in number of
      serotoninergic cells in the midbrain tegmentum. As in mammals, a strong
      serotoninergic innervation of structures related to sensory, in particular
      visual, pathways could be recognized.

PMID- 3385016
TI  - Distribution of glucagonlike peptide I (GLP-I), glucagon, and glicentin in the
      rat brain: an immunocytochemical study.
AB  - Although glucagonlike immunoreactants (GLIs) are present in the central nervous
      system of several mammalian species, their structural relationship with
      pancreatic proglucagon is not defined, and their precise anatomical distribution
      has not been studied extensively. To obtain further information about the
      structure and biological significance of brain GLIs, the anatomical distribution
      of three different antigenic determinants of pancreatic proglucagon--glucagonlike
      peptide I (GLP-I), glucagon, and glicentin--was mapped in the brain of colchicine
      treated rats by immunocytochemistry using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase method.
      Neuronal cell bodies immunoreactive with antisera specific for GLP-I, glucagon,
      and glicentin were found only in the caudal medulla oblongata. Within the caudal
      medulla immunostained cell bodies were found at levels from approximately 0.55 mm
      rostral to the obex to 0.45 mm caudal to the obex, and were located within the
      nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) and the dorsal (MdD) and ventral (MdV) parts
      of the medullary reticular nucleus. The NTS contained three times more
      immunoreactive cell bodies than the MdD and MdV, and these cell bodies were
      located in the midline, medial, and lateral subnuclei of the caudal third of the
      NTS. Immunostaining of the same cell bodies in paired adjacent sections incubated
      with GLP-I and glucagon antisera or glucagon and glicentin antisera provided
      evidence for coexistence of the three antigens within the same neurons of the
      NTS. Nerve fibers and terminals immunoreactive with GLP-I, glucagon, and
      glicentin antisera were widely distributed throughout the rat brain and there was
      no discernible difference in the distribution of fibers and terminals
      immunoreactive with each of the three antisera. The highest densities of
      immunostained fibers and terminals were observed in the hypothalamus, thalamus,
      and septal regions, and the lowest in the cortex and hindbrain. The localization
      of neuronal cell bodies containing GLP-I, glucagon, and glicentin within the NTS
      and the MdD and MdV, and the extensive distribution of immunoreactive fibers and
      terminals throughout the rat brain suggest a role for these peptides in the
      integration of autonomic as well as central nervous system functions.

PMID- 3385017
TI  - Neural control of leg movements in a metamorphic insect: sensory and motor
      elements of the larval thoracic legs in Manduca sexta.
AB  - During the metamorphosis of the hawkmoth Manduca sexta the larval thoracic legs
      degenerate to be replaced in the adult by legs of very different form and
      function. This change must be accompanied by a reorganization of the neural
      circuits controlling leg movements. As an initial step in the study of this
      reorganization we describe here the sensory and motor elements of this circuitry
      in the larval stage of life. Sensory neurons innervating mechanoreceptive hairs
      on the thoracic surface were stained individually with cobalt. Those innervating
      hairs on the general thoracic surface project topographically into two ventral
      regions of the segmental ganglia. Sensory neurons innervating leg sensilla also
      map topographically to the more ventral of these regions but in addition have
      arborizations in a midlateral region. The density of branching within this
      lateral "leg neuropil" is greatest for sensory neurons form sensilla on the more
      distal leg segments. Leg motor neurons were identified with intracellular
      recording and cobalt injection techniques. Those innervating muscles controlling
      distal leg segments have dense dendritic arbors in the lateral "leg neuropil,"
      while motor neurons controlling more proximal segments and muscles of the ventral
      body wall have extensive arborizations in a dorsomedial region of the ganglion.
      In general, flexor motor neurons are excited by medial and inhibited by lateral
      leg sensilla, while the opposite is true of extensors. Distal segment motor
      neurons respond most strongly to sensory neurons from distal segments, thus
      suggesting some interaction within the lateral "leg neuropil." Thus, in the
      larval nervous system a highly ordered array of of sensory and motor elements
      underlies the specific behavioral responses of the legs to tactile stimulation.

PMID- 3385018
TI  - Radioautographic evidence for slow astrocyte turnover and modest oligodendrocyte
      production in the corpus callosum of adult mice infused with 3H-thymidine.
AB  - To find out whether glial cells proliferate in the corpus callosum of adult mice,
      two series of experiments were carried out. The first one made use of 9-month-old
      "aged" male mice. Some of them were given 3H-thymidine as a 2-hour pulse to
      examine which cells became labeled and, therefore, had the ability to divide.
      Others were sacrificed after a continuous infusion of 3H-thymidine for 30 days to
      examine whether the label would then appear in different cells. In other aged
      animals, the 30-day infusion was followed by 60 or 180 days without 3H-thymidine
      to determine whether cells retained or lost their label with time. A second
      series of experiments was carried out in 4-month old "young adult" male mice to
      seek confirmation of the main conclusions. Following the 3H-thymidine pulse given
      to aged mice, only immature glial cells were labeled. After a 30-day infusion,
      12.1% astrocytes and 1.1% oligodendrocytes were labeled, so that the net daily
      addition rate of astrocytes averaged 0.4% and of oligodendrocytes, 0.04%. In
      young adult mice, the rate after a 7-day infusion averaged 0.9% for astrocytes
      and 0.08% for oligodendrocytes. However, when the 30-day infusion into aged mice
      was followed by 60 and 180 days without 3H-thymidine, the labeled astrocytes
      decreased to 5.3% and 0%, respectively, whereas the number of labeled
      oligodendrocytes did not change significantly. The interpretation of the results
      is that the immature cells present in the corpus callosum of mice continue
      dividing throughout life and their progeny give rise to astrocytes and
      oligodendrocytes. In the case of astrocytes, the production of new cells occurs
      in parallel with a loss, so that the astrocyte population turns over. In the case
      of oligodendrocytes, there is a small production of new, apparently stable cells.

PMID- 3385019
TI  - Auditory hair cell innervational patterns in lizards.
AB  - The pattern of afferent and efferent innervation of two to four unidirectional
      (UHC) and two to nine bidirectional (BHC) hair cells of five different types of
      lizard auditory papillae was determined by reconstruction of serial TEM sections.
      The species studies were Crotaphytus wislizeni (iguanid), Podarcis (Lacerta)
      sicula and P. muralis (lacertids), Ameiva ameiva (teiid), Coleonyx variegatus
      (gekkonid), and Mabuya multifasciata (scincid). The main object was to determine
      in which species and in which hair cell types the nerve fibers were innervating
      only one (exclusive innervation), or two or more hair cells (nonexclusive
      innervation); how many nerve fibers were supplying each hair cell; how many
      synapses were made by the innervating fibers; and the total number of synapses on
      each hair cell. In the species studies, efferent innervation was limited to the
      UHC, and except for the iguanid, C. wislizeni, it was nonexclusive, each fiber
      supplying two or more hair cells. Afferent innervation varied both with the
      species and the hair cell types. In Crotaphytus, both the UHC and the BHC were
      exclusively innervated. In Podarcis and Ameiva, the UHC were innervated
      exclusively by some fibers but nonexclusively by others (mixed pattern). In
      Coleonyx, the UHC were exclusively innervated but the BHC were nonexclusively
      innervated. In Mabuya, both the UHC and BHC were nonexclusively innervated. The
      number of afferent nerve fibers and the number of afferent synapses were always
      larger in the UHC than in the BHC. In Ameiva, Podarcis, and Mabuya, groups of
      bidirectionally oriented hair cells occur in regions of cytologically distinct
      UHC, and in Ameiva, unidirectionally oriented hair cells occur in cytologically
      distinct BHC regions.

PMID- 3385020
TI  - Cholinergic neurons within the rat hippocampus: response to fimbria-fornix
      transection.
AB  - The distribution and morphologic characteristics of choline acetyltransferase
      (ChAT)-containing neurons were studied throughout the rostrocaudal extent of the
      rat hippocampus and in a midline area just dorsal to the dorsal hippocampus.
      Peroxidase reaction product was observed with the aid of immunohistochemical
      methods and a high-titer polyclonal antibody against ChAT, the acetylcholine
      biosynthetic enzyme. ChAT-positive cells in the hippocampus were characterized by
      small, round or oval perikarya with two or more proximal processes. They were
      located within the caudal and temporal hippocampal formation, predominantly
      within the subiculum, in the stratum lacunosum moleculare, at the border of the
      stratum lacunosum moleculare and the stratum radiatum, and in the molecular layer
      of the dentate gyrus. The cells resembled in morphology the small, bipolar and
      multipolar neocortical ChAT-immunoreactive cells. In addition to the hippocampus,
      ChAT-positive neurons were observed caudally in a region just above the dorsal
      hippocampal commissure and rostrally in the columns of the fornix. These cells
      were large with an oval perikarya and darkly labeled compared to neurons in the
      hippocampus. They more closely resembled the ChAT-positive neurons in the midline
      raphe of the medial septal nucleus. Examination of the rat hippocampus 2 and 8
      weeks following unilateral lesioning of the fimbria-fornix and supracallosal
      striae revealed a sparse innervation of ChAT-positive fibers in the hippocampus
      ipsilateral to the lesion. ChAT-labeled neurons in the hippocampus did not appear
      to sprout in response to the lesion. In contrast, ChAT-positive cells in the
      midline did appear to sprout into the medial dorsal subiculum and dorsal medial
      hippocampus. We conclude that these two populations of cells are distinct with
      respect to their response to hippocampal denervation and, furthermore, that this
      distinction may be attributed to a differential response to nerve growth factor.

PMID- 3385021
TI  - Dendritic morphology and axon collaterals of corticotectal, corticopontine, and
      callosal neurons in layer V of primary visual cortex of the hooded rat.
AB  - Recent evidence indicates that corticotectal neurons belong to only one of the
      three morphological classes of pyramidal cells in layer V. The present study
      compares the dendritic morphology and axon collaterals of corticotectal,
      corticopontine, and layer V callosal neurons by using techniques based on the
      retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase and fluorescent dyes as well as in
      vitro intracellular dye injections. Our results indicate that corticotectal and
      corticopontine neurons are located predominantly in the upper middle part of
      layer V. These neurons have medium to large somas with 5 or 6 primary basal
      dendrites and a single apical dendrite ascending to layer I. Approximately 60% of
      these cells send axon collaterals to both the superior colliculus and the pons.
      In contrast, callosal neurons form a heterogeneous group. In general, they have
      small pyramidal or ovoid cell bodies which give rise to 3 or 4 primary basal
      dendrites. Many cells have an apical dendrite that bifurcates and terminates in
      layer V or IV. We find that callosal neurons do not send an axon collateral to
      either the superior colliculus or the pons. We conclude that the corticotectal
      and corticopontine systems are similar in their intralaminar distribution,
      dendritic morphology, and pattern of axon collaterals, whereas the callosal
      system differs in these characteristics.

PMID- 3385022
TI  - The tanning salon: an area survey of equipment, procedures, and practices.
AB  - Because so little data are available on practices and procedures used by tanning
      salons, we studied, as customers, salons in a major city in Arkansas, the state
      where the practice began. We measured both ultraviolet A (UVA) and ultraviolet B
      (UVB) output at multiple reference points and found UVB always to be present, but
      at lower-than-expected levels. The highest irradiance was always at the umbilicus
      and the lowest was on the face. We evaluated compliance with accepted safety
      principles and federal guidelines and regulations; too often we found no eye
      protection and sometimes we found inadequate limits of exposure time. Persons
      with skin types I and II were sometimes promised a safe, effective UVA tan that
      would protect against sunburn. From our experience we concluded that if the
      industry is to continue, there is need for closer supervision and regulation.

PMID- 3385023
TI  - C-reactive protein levels in venous ulceration: an indication of infection?
AB  - The role of bacteria in the pathogenesis of venous ulcers is unclear. It is
      difficult to be clinically certain of the presence of infection. Routine
      bacteriology is often unhelpful, and any simple investigation that improves
      diagnosis in this situation would be of value. C-reactive protein (CRP) levels
      are useful in detecting infection in other situations, and they may be of value
      in this context as well. C-reactive protein levels were measured in 50 patients
      with venous leg ulcers and in 20 patients with active venous eczema. There was no
      elevation of CRP levels in patients with eczema alone, nor in the majority of
      patients with ulcers. Sixteen patients had raised CRP levels: 7 had clinically
      obvious infection, and 9 had erythematous skin of uncertain cause surrounding
      their ulcers. All had positive bacterial cultures from the ulcer base, with beta
      hemolytic streptococci the main contaminant. Treatment with an appropriate
      antibiotic reduced CRP levels to normal, cleared the bacteria from the ulcers,
      and was associated with resolution of erythema. CRP levels appear to distinguish
      between infectious and inflammatory causes of erythema in patients with
      gravitational disease.

PMID- 3385025
TI  - Nail abnormalities and autoimmunity.
AB  - Eight patients are described with both vitiligo and nail abnormalities. Two had
      additional autoimmune disorders but these did not develop at the same time as the
      nail abnormality. Both had thyrotoxicosis. The proposed association with certain
      autoimmune disorders is discussed.

PMID- 3385024
TI  - Comparable efficacy of 2% minoxidil gel and solution formulations in the
      treatment of male pattern alopecia.
AB  - Sixty-four healthy men with early male pattern baldness completed a 6-month,
      double-blind, placebo-controlled study in which the efficacy of 2% minoxidil gel
      and solution formulations was compared. Treatment with topical 2% minoxidil in
      both formulations resulted in a statistically significant increase in terminal
      hair growth referenced against baseline counts. The patients' subjective
      assessments of hair growth did not correlate well with actual increase in
      terminal hair counts.

PMID- 3385026
TI  - Dermatologic care behind bars.
AB  - Providing dermatologic care in a prison setting is a challenge to the
      practitioner's ingenuity and patience because of cumbersome methods of
      transporting prisoners, poor compliance with prescribed regimens, and follow-up
      care that is not only inadequate but almost nonexistent. Certain prevalent
      infections such as tinea pedis and condyloma acuminatum probably are specifically
      induced by the prison environment. Alopecia areata is unexpectedly common and
      apparently associated with stress. Pruritus, which is common, is related to both
      environment and stress. Dermatologic diseases seen commonly in blacks are more
      prevalent because of the population demographics, yet pseudofolliculitis barbae
      is unusual as a complaint. In this article we review our experiences in
      establishing a first in-prison dermatology clinic.

PMID- 3385027
TI  - Patterned androgenic alopecia in women.
AB  - Recession of the frontal and frontoparietal hair line in women has been regarded
      as a marker for pathologic virilization. In a clinical survey of 564 normal women
      in the population, frontal and frontoparietal recessions were found in 13% of
      premenopausal and in 37% of postmenopausal women. Patterned hair loss in women is
      commoner than hitherto described, particularly after the menopause. In the
      absence of other signs of virilization, "male-pattern" hair loss would therefore
      appear to be a poor indicator of gross abnormality of androgen metabolism.

PMID- 3385028
TI  - Cyclosporine therapy for pyoderma gangrenosum associated with sclerosing
      cholangitis and ulcerative colitis.
AB  - Malignant pyoderma of the right ear developed in a 58-year-old woman, and it
      spread insidiously over the entire right side of the face. Pyoderma gangrenosum
      was diagnosed on the basis of clinical and histologic findings and the patient's
      history of ulcerative colitis and sclerosing cholangitis. After successive
      therapeutic failures with a score of conventional approaches over an 18-month
      period, oral cyclosporine, 10 mg/kg/day, was started. Significant healing of the
      skin was noted within 1 month. There was an associated remission of the patient's
      cholangitis and inflammatory bowel disease. The dosage of cyclosporine was
      progressively tapered and then discontinued after 7 months, when healing was
      complete. No relapse occurred in the subsequent 14 months, and there was an
      associated remission of the patient's cholangitis and inflammatory bowel disease.
      Cyclosporine merits serious attention for treatment of both pyoderma gangrenosum
      and sclerosing cholangitis.

PMID- 3385029
TI  - Effect of localized surgical excisions in hidradenitis suppurativa.
AB  - A study is made of the effect of surgical treatment of hidradenitis suppurative
      in 72 patients. All patients were treated with wide surgical excisions of
      localized lesions and primary closure in an outpatient setting. An overall
      complete cure rate of 14.7% was achieved. Another 7.4% experienced cure in the
      region treated, but subsequent recurrence in another region. Cure does not seem
      to be associated with the localization of the disease or preoperative duration,
      but the group of patients who were cured were significantly older at the onset of
      the disease (p less than 0.001) than the group with recurrent disease. Patient
      satisfaction with excisional surgery was high, with 68% reporting surgery to be
      superior to other types of treatment experienced and only 6% considering it
      worse. It is hypothesized that the rapid relief, even if offered temporarily, in
      an otherwise chronic disease is the cause of this high patient satisfaction.

PMID- 3385030
TI  - Survey of sterile technique used by dermatologic surgeons.
AB  - A survey was made of the sterile technique practices of dermatologists interested
      in dermatologic surgery. The steam autoclave is the most popular method for
      sterilizing surgical instruments. Dry heat sterilization is often used, as is
      cold, chemical sterilization. The most popular agent for chemical sterilization
      continues to be quaternary ammonium compounds despite warnings to the contrary.
      Gas sterilization is rarely used. Alcohol is the most popular agent for prepping
      the skin and iodophors are also quite popular. Dermatologists are now wearing
      gloves for most procedures. Prophylactic antibiotics are used minimally in
      surgical cases, as is recommended by established standards.

PMID- 3385031
TI  - Time-limited certification.

PMID- 3385032
TI  - Topical capsaicin for treatment of neuralgia associated with herpes zoster
      infection.

PMID- 3385033
TI  - Cyclosporin a (cyclosporine) in the treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma
      (mycosis fungoides)

PMID- 3385034
TI  - Lichenoid granulomatous papular dermatosis associated with human immunodeficiency
      virus infection: an immunohistochemical study.

PMID- 3385035
TI  - Variations on burow's grafts.

PMID- 3385036
TI  - Ulcerative perineal lesions due to Mycobacterium kansasii.

PMID- 3385037
TI  - Dermatitis herpetiformis in an insulin-dependent diabetic.

PMID- 3385038
TI  - DERM/INFONET: a concept becomes a reality.
AB  - The DERMatology INFOrmation NETwork (DERM/INFONET) of the American Academy of
      Dermatology has become a reality. DERM/INFONET consists of a number of data bases
      providing information and educational programs for the dermatologist. Currently
      the components are: DERM/MLS (Medical Literature Search), DERM/RX (dermatologic
      therapy), DERM/USP (United States Pharmacopeia data base), DERM/ALLERGENS (Food
      and Drug Administration and Environmental Protection Agency Listings of
      allergens); Melanoma Prognosis Model; Electronic Mail; Bulletin Board; Meetings
      Calendar; ICD/CPT (International Classification of Diseases/Current Procedural
      Terminology) codes; AAD Membership/Committee Directories; and Dermatology Quiz.
      Additional data bases are planned. As audiovisual and alphanumeric communication
      systems evolve, newer opportunities for enhancing the DERM/INFONET Biomedical
      Communication Network will undoubtedly provide even greater opportunities for
      aiding the dermatologist in delivering state-of-the art management for their
      patients.

PMID- 3385039
TI  - Protease inhibitor therapy for recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. In
      vitro effect and clinical trial with camostat mesylate.
AB  - Recently we reported that a kind of serine protease, SH protease, and collagenase
      might be involved in blister formation and, furthermore, that the cooperative
      action of these three proteases was essential for blister formation in recessive
      dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. In this study we examined the inhibitory effect
      of clinically usable serine protease inhibitors for blister formation in organ
      culture and in clinical trials of recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa
      patients. Camostat mesylate, a synthetic serine protease inhibitor that is
      available for the treatment of chronic pancreatitis, demonstrated a striking
      effect of inhibiting blistering in organ culture of normal human skin with
      recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa blister fluids. Subsequently we
      administered camostat mesylate by topical application to four patients with
      recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa to assess its ability to reduce
      blistering. Therapeutic response was favorable; a significant effect in
      decreasing the number of blisters was observed in three of four patients. These
      findings actually supported the hypothesis that a kind of serine protease had a
      close relationship with blistering in recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa
      and that therapy with a clinically usable protease inhibitor was useful for the
      treatment of this disease.

PMID- 3385040
TI  - Treatment of nine cases of pemphigus vulgaris with cyclosporine.
AB  - The effects of cyclosporine were studied in nine patients suffering from
      pemphigus vulgaris. Of four patients treated with cyclosporine alone, only one
      cleared. Of four corticosteroid-resistant pemphigus vulgaris patients, all
      improved after cyclosporine addition to corticosteroids. The last patient treated
      from the beginning with a combined treatment (cyclosporine-corticosteroids) did
      not respond. The main advantage of using cyclosporine is to allow a decrease in
      corticosteroid dosages and to permit treating corticosteroid-resistant pemphigus
      vulgaris patients. No detectable irreversible side effects were noted. The
      treatment was discontinued in two patients because of reversible side effects.
      Cyclosporine alone does not seem to be an adequate treatment of the acute phase
      of pemphigus vulgaris but could be used in addition to corticosteroids. The most
      important drawback of cyclosporine treatment is the occurrence of clinically
      silent renal dysfunction (tubular involvement and interstitial fibrosis), which
      may occur during long-term treatments. More studies need to be carried out to
      determine the effects of low doses of cyclosporine on renal function in patients
      who have normal renal functions.

PMID- 3385041
TI  - Colposcopic evaluation of men with genital warts.
AB  - Colposcopy, which is the examination of the female genital tract that generally
      is performed after the application of acetic acid, has been an effective tool in
      the diagnosis of genital warts (condyloma acuminatum) in women for years. With
      the help of colposcopy, both microscopic and flat warts that cannot be visualized
      with traditional, noncolposcopic methods can be seen and, hence, treated.
      Recently, studies reported in the gynecologic and urologic literature have
      evaluated the usefulness of colposcopy in male patients. We present a patient
      whose genital warts were recalcitrant to treatment. When examined with colposcopy
      he was noted to have multiple additional areas of involvement. In view of the
      neoplastic potential of the human papillomavirus, the ease with which it is
      transmitted sexually, and the difficulty in discerning certain kinds of warts
      without colposcopy, we believe colposcopic examination should be routine in all
      men with genital warts and in those whose sexual partners have tested positive
      for human papillomavirus.

PMID- 3385042
TI  - Incidence of skin cancer in Japanese psoriatic patients treated with either
      methoxsalen phototherapy, Goeckerman regimen, or both therapies. A 10-year follow
      up study.
AB  - To determine the long-term cutaneous side effects of methoxsalen phototherapy
      (PUVA) and Goeckerman regimen, a total of 151 Japanese psoriatic patients treated
      with PUVA, Goeckerman regimen, or both therapies in our department from 1976 to
      1986 were evaluated for skin cancers. Sixty-seven patients had been treated with
      PUVA, 43 with Goeckerman regimen, and 41 with both therapies. One patient alone
      (62-year-old man) developed squamous cell carcinoma on the leg with cumulative
      ultraviolet A (UVA) dose of only 51 joules/cm2, he had a history of treatment
      with superficial x-ray therapy to this area 30 years prior to PUVA. The cancer
      was detected after 1.4 years of PUVA treatment. However, other patients at follow
      up, even those who had received a cumulative dose of UVA of more than 1000
      joules/cm2, had no skin cancer after more than 2 years. This report in Japanese
      patients confirms that only previous exposure to other risk factors such as
      ionizing radiation appears to be a most important factor for skin cancer
      formation in PUVA-treated Japanese patients.

PMID- 3385043
TI  - Benign non-X histiocytosis: a unique case bridging several of the non-X
      histiocytic syndromes.
AB  - We present a patient with a papular eruption of 4 years' duration that clinically
      resembled xanthoma disseminatum or the indeterminate cell disorder. On light
      microscopy his disorder resembled generalized eruptive histiocytoma or the
      indeterminate cell disorder. Special stains, cultures, and electron microscopy
      were noncontributory. Indirect immunofluorescence studies with monoclonal
      antibodies to cell surface markers demonstrated infiltrating cells of
      monocyte/macrophage lineage (OKM1, MAC-1, HLA-DR, and HLA-DQ positive) rather
      than Langerhans or indeterminate cell lineage (OKT6 negative). This case may
      overlap two or more of the previously reported non-X histiocytic syndromes,
      suggesting that perhaps these syndromes should be viewed as a spectrum of disease
      rather than as discrete entities. We recommend performing cell phenotyping on all
      new cases of non-X histiocytosis because clinical, microscopic, and
      ultramicroscopic findings often prove inadequate for classification.

PMID- 3385044
TI  - Delayed pressure urticaria. Clinical features, laboratory investigations, and
      response to therapy of 44 patients.
AB  - We studied 44 patients with delayed pressure urticaria. The mean age at onset of
      the disease was 33 years (range, 5 to 63 years) and the mean duration of disease
      was 9 years (range, 1 to 40 years). After pressure stimulus, the mean onset of
      whealing occurred in 3 1/2 hours, the mean peak swelling occurred after 10 hours,
      and the mean lesion duration was 36 hours. Two thirds of patients had generalized
      flulike symptoms. Sixty percent had disabling nonremitting delayed pressure
      urticaria. Sixty-two percent had coexistent chronic idiopathic urticaria, and 27%
      had angioedema. Delayed pressure urticaria was confirmed by pressure tests with
      either a calibrated dermographometer or suspended weights. More than 50% of
      patients tested also had delayed dermographism. A double-blind, controlled,
      crossover trial of indomethacin therapy in 14 patients revealed no significant
      subjective improvement or reduction in area of induced wheals. We conclude: (1)
      The diagnosis of delayed pressure urticaria can be easily made by
      dermographometer testing. (2) Delayed dermographism may be the same entity as
      delayed pressure urticaria induced by a different method of pressure application.
      (3) Systemic corticosteroids remain the only known effective treatment for
      disabling delayed pressure urticaria.

PMID- 3385045
TI  - The toluidine blue test: an aid in the diagnosis and treatment of early squamous
      cell carcinomas of mucous membranes.
AB  - Early diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma on mucosal surfaces can be lifesaving,
      and examination of mucosal sites should be included in the general dermatologic
      examination. Difficulty in distinguishing the erythematous lesions appropriate
      for biopsy and treatment can be partially overcome with the use of a supravital
      stain well known to oral surgeons. This paper recommends the addition of this
      test to the dermatologist's armamentarium. Five patients with mucosal in situ
      squamous cell carcinoma were treated. Three had squamous cell carcinoma of the
      glans penis, one of the vulva, and one of the oral mucosa. In all patients the
      toluidine blue test was helpful in the diagnosis of subclinical malignant
      epithelium, in the delineation of the lesion borders as a guide for surgery, and,
      postoperatively, in the detection of early disease recurrence. The toluidine blue
      test, which is a simple procedure accessible to all dermatologists, can help
      achieve early diagnosis and effective treatment of mucosal squamous cell
      carcinoma.

PMID- 3385046
TI  - Nail alterations in systemic amyloidosis: report of one case, with histologic
      study.

PMID- 3385047
TI  - Longitudinal melanonychia: a symptom of Bowen's disease.

PMID- 3385048
TI  - Contact urticaria caused by rubber gloves.

PMID- 3385049
TI  - Shulman syndrome associated with Borrelia burgdorferi and complicated by carpal
      tunnel syndrome.

PMID- 3385050
TI  - Scombroid fish poisoning with facial flushing.

PMID- 3385051
TI  - Prevention of the "prickling sensation" following surgery for actinic cheilitis.

PMID- 3385052
TI  - Flegel's disease, not Kyrle's disease.

PMID- 3385053
TI  - A negative vote on academy advertising.

PMID- 3385054
TI  - Tuberculosis verrucosa cutis: clinical picture and response to short-course
      chemotherapy.

PMID- 3385055
TI  - Molluscum contagiosum and page 697.

PMID- 3385056
TI  - Liposuction surgery (suction-assisted lipectomy) for symmetric lipomatosis.

PMID- 3385057
TI  - Body water relations in two species of gerbil (Tatera indica indica and Meriones
      hurrianae) of the Indian desert.
AB  - The relative body water conservation efficiency of two Indian desert gerbil
      species, Meriones hurrianae (diurnal/crepuscular) and Tatera indica (nocturnal),
      has been examined under near-natural conditions in different seasons. A mean
      urine osmolarity of 3180 mosmol/l (maximum 4645 mosmol/l) in M. hurrianae and a
      mean value of 5128 mosmol/l (maximum 7547 mosmol/l) in T. indica have been
      recorded during summer. Urine osmolarity and urea levels indicated that while M.
      hurrianae remain sufficiently hydrated mainly by virtue of their feeding habit,
      Tatera indica may depend on the relatively higher concentrating capacity of their
      kidneys.

PMID- 3385058
TI  - Relationship of transmural electrical parameters to the luminal Na concentration
      in the colon of the fowl (Gallus domesticus).
AB  - Electrical parameters: PD, resistance, Isc and amiloride-sensitive-Isc across the
      fowl colon (in vitro) change in response to the Na content of the diet. On a low
      Na diet these changes appear to reflect increases in ion transport, especially
      amiloride-inhibitable Na transport. In vitro the magnitudes of the changes are
      related to the Na concentration in the luminal (mucosal) fluid and in birds on a
      low-Na diet peak at a concentration of about 12.5 mM. Such Na concentrations are
      similar to those in the colonic fluid of Na-deprived birds. Typical Michaelis
      Menten kinetics do not appear to apply, possibly reflecting a local adaptation of
      the ion transport process in response to its external Na concentration.

PMID- 3385059
TI  - Reduction of metabolism during hibernation and daily torpor in mammals and birds:
      temperature effect or physiological inhibition?
AB  - The present study addresses the controversy of whether the reduction in energy
      metabolism during torpor in endotherms is strictly a physical effect of
      temperature (Q10) or whether it involves an additional metabolic inhibition.
      Basal metabolic rates (BMR; measured as oxygen consumption, VO2), metabolic rates
      during torpor, and the corresponding body temperatures (Tb) in 68 mammalian and
      avian species were assembled from the literature (n = 58) or determined in the
      present study (n = 10). The Q10 for change in VO2 between normothermia and torpor
      decreased from a mean of 4.1 to 2.8 with decreasing Tb from 30 to less than 10
      degrees C in hibernators (species that show prolonged torpor). In daily
      heterotherms (species that show shallow, daily torpor) the Q10 remained at a
      constant value of 2.2 as Tb decreased. In hibernators with a Tb less than 10
      degrees C, the Q10 was inversely related to body mass. The increase of mass
      specific metabolic rate with decreasing body mass, observed during normothermia
      (BMR), was not observed during torpor in hibernators and the slope relating
      metabolic rate and mass was almost zero. In daily heterotherms, which had a
      smaller Q10 than the hibernators, no inverse relationship between the Q10 and
      body mass was observed, and consequently the metabolic rate during torpor at the
      same Tb was greater than that of hibernators. These findings show that the
      reduction in metabolism during torpor of daily heterotherms and large hibernators
      can be explained largely by temperature effects, whereas a metabolic inhibition
      in addition to temperature effects may be used by small hibernators to reduce
      energy expenditure during torpor.

PMID- 3385060
TI  - Synthesis, effectiveness and metabolic fate in cows of the caesium complexing
      compound ammonium ferric hexacyanoferrate labelled with 14C.
AB  - Adding ammonium ferric hexacyanoferrate (AFCF) to cows' fodder produced after the
      Chernobyl nuclear accident prevented milk contamination by increasing the faecal
      elimination of 137Cs. Synthesis of ammonium ferric hexa[14C]-cyanoferrate
      (AF14CF) and its purification were performed for the study of the metabolic fate
      of this complex, and the evaluation of the possible release of cyanide. The
      stability of this colloidal product, tested by anaerobic incubation in rumen
      juice in vitro, showed no release of free cyanide from AF14CF, but
      hexacyanoferrate was identified in the rumen juice and 0.13% of the added
      radioactivity was converted to labelled CO2. AF14CF administered per os to two
      cows showed a nearly quantitative excretion of radioactivity in faeces during the
      first 3 d (91-95%). A very low but significant level of radioactivity appeared in
      plasma, blood cells, expired CO2 and was detected in organs taken 9 d after
      administration. Total cumulative radioactivity in urine and milk amounted to 0.19
      0.47% and 0.068-0.071% respectively for the two cows. Labelled hexacyanoferrate
      and thiocyanate were identified in the urine and also in faeces. In spite of this
      relative instability of AFCF in the rumen of cows, the poor absorption of AF14CF
      degradation products showed that AFCF constitutes an efficient and safe food
      additive to prevent the absorption of radioactive caesium from ruminant feed and
      its secretion in milk.

PMID- 3385061
TI  - Sources of variation in the assessment of milk composition based on the mean
      values of four consecutive weekly samples of bulked farm milk.

PMID- 3385062
TI  - Buffalo colostrum gels.

PMID- 3385063
TI  - Detection of cows' milk in ewes' milk and cheese by an immunodotting method.

PMID- 3385064
TI  - Histochemical localization and possible antibacterial role of xanthine oxidase in
      the bovine mammary gland.
AB  - Xanthine oxidase (XO) was demonstrated to be present in the teat canal and
      secretory tissue of the bovine mammary gland by histochemical techniques.
      Homogenates of these tissues were able to replace XO in an antibacterial assay
      with Streptococcus uberis. The action of XO on its substrate hypoxanthine was
      shown to provide an essential component for anti-streptococcal activity mediated
      by lactoperoxidase. A mechanism is proposed whereby the interaction of XO,
      lactoperoxidase and thiocyanate may provide antibacterial activity in the teat
      canal.

PMID- 3385065
TI  - An in-line sampling technique to measure the bacterial contamination of milk
      during milking.
AB  - The development of devices to sample milk at the clawpiece and at the end of the
      pipeline during milking are described. The results of tests to compare the
      bacteriological and compositional quality of milk collected from the sampling
      devices or from the recorder jar or milk cans were similar, demonstrating that
      the samples provided accurate and representative values. The use of the in-line
      sampling technique, whereby samples of the milk are taken at three points during
      its passage through the milking plant, to assess accurately the sources of
      bacterial contamination of bulk tank milk on farms is discussed.

PMID- 3385066
TI  - Distribution of milk in the goat mammary gland and its relation to the rate and
      control of milk secretion.
AB  - Changes with time in the distribution of milk between different storage regions
      of the mammary gland were studied in goats. Milk was allowed to drain from the
      gland through a catheter (catheter milk); the gland was then milked by hand,
      before (hand milk) and after the administration of oxytocin (alveolar or residual
      milk). The hand-milk fraction was of negligible volume. There was an essentially
      linear increase in the catheter-plus hand-milk fraction from 0 to 16 h. The
      alveolar fraction increased up to 6 h, but thereafter remained constant to 16 h.
      There was considerable but consistent variation between animals in the alveolar
      fraction as a proportion of total milk volume. The proportion of residual milk
      was inversely related to milk secretory rate per unit weight of mammary tissue.
      The hourly administration of oxytocin without milking had no apparent effect on
      the distribution of milk in the gland 1 h later.

PMID- 3385067
TI  - Effects of parity and stage of lactation on adenosine triphosphate, somatic cell
      count and antitrypsin content in cows' milk.
AB  - Significant effects of parity and stage of lactation were found on ATP content,
      somatic cell count and antitrypsin content when using morning milk samples from
      39 cows over a period of 18 months. A close similarity was evident between
      variation in ATP and somatic cell count, except during the first 10 d after
      parturition when the variation in ATP was more pronounced. The same result was
      obtained in the whole material as well as in a healthy subset. This study shows
      clearly that parity and stage of lactation must be taken into account when
      establishing normal values for ATP as an indicator of mastitis.

PMID- 3385068
TI  - Interspecies variation in milk composition among horses, zebras and asses
      (Perissodactyla: Equidae).
AB  - Milk samples of four species of wild equids (onager, Equus hemionus onager;
      mountain zebra, E. zebra hartmannae; plains zebra, E. burchelli; Przewalski
      horse, E. caballus przewalskii) and two domesticated equids (ass, E. asinus;
      pony, E. caballus) were analysed. At mid to late lactation the milks of all
      species were very similar, containing on average 10-12% total solids, 1-2% fat,
      1.6-1.8% true protein, 6-7% 'lactose', 0.3-0.5% ash, 0.08-0.12% calcium, 0.04
      0.07% phosphorus and a calculated energy content of 2.0-2.4 kJ/g. Milk samples
      collected in the first 2 weeks after birth showed elevated levels of total solids
      and protein, and some had reduced 'lactose' levels, but there were no observable
      trends in milk composition during mid to late lactation (1-12 months post
      partum). It was concluded that these closely related species produce milks that
      are nearly identical in gross composition and that the domestic horse is a
      representative model for the study of equid lactation.

PMID- 3385069
TI  - Deaf in a hearing unit: coping of staff and adolescents.
AB  - The call from the U.K. Health Advisory Service to provide adolescents with
      sensory handicaps with access to psychiatric services is considered in the light
      of one adolescent unit's experience with a deaf boy.

PMID- 3385070
TI  - The development of the individuation process from a social-cognitive perspective.
AB  - A sequence of four developmental levels for the individuation process, from a
      social-cognitive perspective, was proposed from late childhood to late
      adolescence. Individuation is defined as the separation of the self from family.
      The individuation interview, Selman's self-awareness measure and the Lunzer test
      were administered in 4th, 7th, 10th grades and a post-high school group (N = 78).
      Results confirmed age increases in individuation as follows: late childhood
      subjects consolidate on level I, exhibiting the dominance of parental view over
      individual perspectives; early adolescents on level 2, demonstrating an increased
      self-awareness and the beginning decline of parental view; mid-adolescents, on
      level 3, characterized by conflicts between the recognition of the autonomous
      self and the parental views; and late adolescents (young adults) on level 3 and
      level 4, showing the ability to integrate the parental view within the self
      system without losing individuality. Further, construct validation confirmed the
      common as well as the discriminant qualities of the individuation sequence to
      self-awareness and Piagetian logical development. These results support the
      uniqueness of the individuation construct within the social-cognitive domain.

PMID- 3385071
TI  - A longitudinal study of ego identity status interview domains.
AB  - The present investigation was designed to explore a series of questions raised by
      previous developmental, gender, and congruence studies of ego identity status
      interview domains. A total of 76 late adolescent New Zealanders participated in
      identity status interviews following their first assessments two years
      previously. Results provide some support for a "focal model" of domain
      resolution, whereby psychosocial identity issues are addressed sequentially
      rather than concurrently. Few sex differences emerged in either developmental
      patterns of change or in the salience of interview components. The use of domain
      ratings in ways suggested by this study would allow a clearer picture of the
      identity formation process to emerge in future identity status research.

PMID- 3385072
TI  - "Don't tell us--show us": the use of role play in the teaching of psychoanalytic
      theory.
AB  - The psychological concepts associated with psychoanalysis are sometimes
      considered to be precious and somewhat irrelevant by professionals working with
      disturbed adolescents. Discussions (at a theoretical level) of these ideas may
      not highlight their usefulness in clinical situations. This paper describes the
      use of active role play techniques in a staff training group designed to teach
      about the "Inner World of the Adolescent". The fundamental features of
      "transference" and "counter-transference" were brought alive during these groups,
      and several other theoretical contributions of modern psychoanalysis were
      demonstrated within the setting of a training session. These groups were not
      intended to train "therapists", but to support and improve existing styles of
      work with adolescents.

PMID- 3385073
TI  - Drinking your troubles away. II: An attention-allocation model of alcohol's
      effect on psychological stress.

PMID- 3385074
TI  - Self-awareness theory, family history of alcoholism, and adolescent alcohol
      involvement.

PMID- 3385075
TI  - Coping, expectancies, and alcohol abuse: a test of social learning formulations.

PMID- 3385076
TI  - Alcoholic-spouse interaction as a function of alcoholism subtype and alcohol
      consumption interaction.

PMID- 3385077
TI  - Peer group identification and smoking: implications for intervention.

PMID- 3385078
TI  - Interrelations of empathy, cognition, and moral reasoning with dimensions of
      juvenile delinquency.
AB  - The interrelations of a variety of indices of sociocognitive development
      (empathy, role-taking, logical cognition, and moral reasoning) were studied in
      delinquent and nondelinquent adolescents. Delinquent males (grouped into
      psychopathic, neurotic, and subcultural subgroups) and a matched nondelinquent
      comparison group were administered individually two empathy scales (the Davis
      Interpersonal Reactivity Index and the Mehrabian and Epstein Questionnaire
      Measure of Emotional Empathy), an adaptation of Byrne's and Flavell's role-taking
      tasks, two Piagetian cognitive tasks, and two of Kohlberg's structured moral
      dilemmas. Delinquents as a group displayed significantly more immature modes of
      role-taking, logical cognition, and moral reasoning than did nondelinquents. The
      delinquent subgroups, however, did not significantly differ from one another on
      these dimensions. Role-taking, logical cognition, and moral reasoning were
      significantly related to one another. Anticipated differences in level of empathy
      between the delinquent and nondelinquent adolescents failed to occur. A number of
      interpretations for this unexpected finding are offered.

PMID- 3385079
TI  - Rejected children's processing of interpersonal information.
AB  - This research examined differences in the interpersonal information processing of
      socially rejected and average children. Rejected and average fifth-graders were
      presented with two pieces of videotaped information about peers, making judgments
      of the peers after each. Two judgment tasks, differing in the extent to which
      they were self-relevant, were used. The judgments were liking judgments for peers
      (low self-relevance) and predictions of how the peers would behave toward the
      self (high self-relevance). Rejected children used the available behavioral
      information differently than average children to make their predictions of how
      peers would behave toward them, but did not differ in their liking judgments.
      These findings were consistent with the hypothesis that rejected children's
      capabilities to process interpersonal information comparably to better adjusted
      children break down in highly self-relevant judgments.

PMID- 3385080
TI  - Peer status and social competence in child psychiatric inpatients: a comparison
      of children with depressive, externalizing, and concurrent depressive and
      externalizing disorders.
AB  - Social competence, peer status, and clinical symptomatology were evaluated in 54
      child psychiatric inpatients. Aims were (a) to evaluate whether social competence
      deficits and peer rejection within an inpatient setting were associated with
      particular childhood disorders, and (b) to identify predictors of peer status in
      emerging groups of child inpatients. Results indicated that children with
      externalizing disorders (conduct or attention deficit disorders) and children
      with concurrent depressive and externalizing disorders were the most rejected,
      least liked, and least socially competent children. Depressed children without
      externalizing disorders had the highest scores on the social status and
      competence measures. Predictors of peer rejection and acceptance in the hospital
      differed, with measures of symptomatology predicting peer rejection, and measures
      of social and intellectual competence predicting peer acceptance. Implications of
      the results for understanding the role of peer adjustment and social competence
      in developmental psychopathology were discussed.

PMID- 3385081
TI  - Attributional style and self-control behavior in depressed and nondepressed
      children and their parents.
AB  - Do the reformulated model of learned helplessness and the self-control model
      apply to clinically depressed children? Are the related cognitive patterns
      specific to depression? Are the cognitive deficits associated with depression
      learned from one's parents? To address these questions this investigation
      examined three groups of children (ages 8-12) and their parents: nonclinic (n =
      25), nondepressed clinic (n = 22), and depressed clinic (n = 15). Children were
      diagnosed depressed on the basis of Kiddie-SADS interview data. Depressed clinic
      children self-reported more depression, had a more depressive attributional
      style, and had more self-control problems. There were more depressed mothers in
      the clinic than in the nonclinic sample. Depressed clinic children had more
      depressed mothers than did nondepressed clinic children. There were no
      differences among the three groups of parents in their cognitive patterns. No
      relationship was found between the attributional style and self-control behavior
      of children and their parents.

PMID- 3385082
TI  - The Revised Conners Parent Rating Scale: factor structure replication with a
      diversified clinical sample.
AB  - The Revised Conners Teacher Rating Scale was completed as part of a comprehensive
      evaluation of 135 consecutive new patients seen in the Pediatric Neurology
      Learning Disability Clinic at the Medical College of Georgia. The questionnaires
      were subjected to principal components analysis with varimax rotation. Item
      analysis was conducted on the obtained subscales, and convergent validity was
      determined by correlation with the Revised Behavior Problem Checklist (Quay &
      Peterson, 1987). Finally, comparisons of the diagnostic groups were carried out
      across the subscales.

PMID- 3385083
TI  - Marital conflict, parenting, and toddler conduct problems.
AB  - The present research examined relationships involving marital conflict,
      parenting, and toddler conduct problems. Sixty mother-toddler dyads (30 boys and
      30 girls) participated as subjects. Mothers completed measures of general marital
      satisfaction, overt marital conflict, and toddler conduct problems. Maternal
      parenting and toddler deviance were assessed during a laboratory observation.
      Marital conflict was positively correlated with observations of toddler deviance
      and maternal reports of conduct problems. Marital conflict also correlated
      positively with the frequency of maternal disapproval statements directed toward
      sons' misbehaviors and was correlated negatively with the ratio of disapproval
      statements to daughters' misbehaviors. The present results indicate that marital
      conflict is associated with toddler conduct problems. The results also suggest
      the importance of examining parenting practices and child characteristics that
      may mediate the relationship between marital conflict and child behavior
      problems.

PMID- 3385084
TI  - Parent-completed and adolescent-completed CDIs: relationship to adolescent social
      and cognitive functioning.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of both young
      adolescents' scores on the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) and their
      mothers' ratings of the adolescents' depression (parent-completed CDI) to indices
      of their social and cognitive functioning obtained from a source outside the
      home. Subjects consisted of a nonclinic sample of 85 young adolescents (11-15
      years of age), their mothers, and their social studies teachers. Recent school
      grades and teacher-completed measures served as the indices of adolescent social
      and cognitive competence. The results indicated that both adolescents' and
      mothers' CDI scores were significantly and negatively correlated with measures of
      adolescent cognitive and social functioning. Multiple regression analyses,
      utilizing adolescent- and parent-completed CDI scores as predictors, indicated
      that both predictor variables entered into the equations for cognitive
      functioning while only the mother-completed CDI entered into those for social
      functioning. When maternal depression was also entered into the multiple
      regressions, the findings regarding mother- and adolescent-completed CDI scores
      were not altered. The relationship of these findings to other somewhat disparate
      findings concerning the utility of mother and child reports of child depression
      is discussed.

PMID- 3385085
TI  - Convergence between statistically derived behavior problem syndromes and child
      psychiatric diagnoses.
AB  - The relations between scores on statistically derived behavior problem syndromes
      and DSM-III diagnoses were examined for 270 clinically referred children aged 6
      through 16. Each child's parent completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and
      was administered the NIMH Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children (DISC)--a
      structured interview covering DSM-III diagnostic criteria. Numerous behavior
      problems scales scored from the CBCL were significantly related to one or more
      diagnoses. The strongest relations were between scores on the Hyperactive,
      Delinquent, and Depressed scales and diagnoses of Attention Deficit Disorder,
      Conduct Disorder, and Depression/Dysthymia, respectively. This convergence
      supports the validity of some syndromal constructs common to both assessment
      paradigms.

PMID- 3385086
TI  - Systems and symptoms: family cohesion/adaptability and childhood behavior
      problems.
AB  - The relation between family systems and child symptomatology was examined among
      children aged 6 to 11 and adolescents aged 12 to 16 who had been referred for
      clinical services. On the basis of an assessment of family cohesion and
      adaptability, the families were divided into three groups: extreme, midrange, and
      balanced. Problem behaviors were assessed with a symptoms checklist, and the
      child's self-esteem was also measured. Families in the balanced range had
      children with fewer symptoms than did midrange or extreme families; this relation
      was less strong among families with adolescents. Self-esteem and symptoms were
      negatively correlated in these samples. Self-esteem did not moderate the relation
      between systems and symptoms but was independently related to family functioning.
      These results suggest the operation of bilateral processes within the family that
      link cohesion and adaptability, on the one hand, with low self-esteem and
      indications of psychopathology, on the other.

PMID- 3385087
TI  - Strategies for improving health care for foreign students and dependents. Report
      of the National Association for Foreign Student Affairs-American College Health
      Association Joint Task Force on Foreign Student Health Care.

PMID- 3385088
TI  - Stress-related diagnosis and barriers to health care among foreign students:
      results of a survey.

PMID- 3385089
TI  - Health needs assessment of international students and their families at the
      University of Illinois.

PMID- 3385090
TI  - Sources of stress among Israeli dental students.

PMID- 3385091
TI  - The relationship of sex and marital status to coronary heart disease risk factors
      in Israeli medical students.

PMID- 3385092
TI  - Psychological processes in immigration and absorption: the case of immigrant
      students in Israel.

PMID- 3385093
TI  - Involving parents in the management of psychiatric emergencies in college
      students far from home.

PMID- 3385094
TI  - Abstracts from the International Congress on Community-Oriented Primary Care for
      Student Health. Jerusalem, August 1985.

PMID- 3385095
TI  - Health care and foreign students.

PMID- 3385096
TI  - Medical students seen in psychiatry.

PMID- 3385097
TI  - Problems among students seeking mental health care.

PMID- 3385098
TI  - The secular trend and socioeconomic factors characterizing students at the
      Technical University of Budapest between 1976 and 1985.

PMID- 3385099
TI  - Research and continuing education credit.

PMID- 3385100
TI  - Xylitol and the ADA position paper on sweeteners.

PMID- 3385101
TI  - Folate nutriture in pregnancy.
AB  - Folacin intakes from diet and supplements consumed during pregnancy were
      determined by interview in 566 women. Eight percent of this population (48 women)
      obtained folacin from diet only. Thirteen percent (76 women) received less than
      two-thirds of the RDA for folacin for pregnant women. Serum and erythrocyte
      folate levels in maternal and cord blood were correlated with dietary folacin
      intakes in subsamples of the group. Women who received their folate from diet
      alone showed marginal or deficient maternal serum folate levels. Of the group of
      women whose folacin intake was equal to or greater than the RDA for pregnant
      women, some had intakes as high as eight times the RDA from supplements. When, in
      a subsample, total folacin intake was correlated with maternal and cord folate
      levels, significant correlations were obtained. The high serum and erythrocyte
      folate levels resulting from self-medication with folate supplements are of
      concern because of possible deleterious interaction with other nutrients.

PMID- 3385102
TI  - Feeding patterns of urban black infants.
AB  - Feeding patterns of 116 urban black infants were studied from 3 weeks to 6 months
      of age. Dietary data were collected using a diet history and a food frequency
      checklist completed by trained interviewers at each well child clinic visit at 3
      weeks and at 2, 4, and 6 months of age. At 3 weeks, 20% of the infants were
      solely breast fed, 58% were formula fed, and 22% were partially breast fed.
      Twenty percent of 3-week-old infants were receiving baby foods. This increased to
      48% at 2 months, and to 72% at 4 months. By 6 months of age, 98% of infants
      received baby foods. Nursing mothers tended to introduce baby foods later than
      formula-feeding mothers. This is consistent with other studies. Commercially
      prepared baby foods were used much more commonly than were foods prepared at
      home. Infant cereal was most often introduced first, followed by strained juices,
      strained fruits, strained vegetables, combination dinners, desserts, and plain
      meats, in that order. Table foods contributed very little to caloric intakes of
      infants less than 4 months of age. Liberal amounts of water and sugar water were
      given to infants in this cultural group.

PMID- 3385103
TI  - Sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus intakes of infants and
      children: Bogalusa Heart Study.
AB  - Electrolyte and mineral intakes assessed by 24-hour dietary recall were examined
      for race and sex differences in cohorts of infants and school-age children at 6
      months and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 10, 13, 15, and 17 years. A fourfold increase in sodium
      intake occurred from 6 months to 4 years, and potassium intake doubled. Sodium
      increased from 0.88 gm at 6 months to 3.21 gm at 4 years and 3.67 gm by 17 years;
      a slight increase for potassium was noted from 4 to 17 years for boys. Calcium
      intake was relatively constant from 6 months to 17 years. Boys had higher intakes
      of sodium and sodium per kilogram body weight than did girls. Black children at
      2, 3, and 4 years had significantly higher sodium, potassium, calcium,
      phosphorus, and magnesium expressed as total intake and per kilogram body weight
      than white children did. At 6 months, 66% of the infants exceeded the National
      Research Council's recommended range for sodium. At 1 to 10 years, 90% to 100%
      and at 13 to 17 years, 60% to 65% exceeded the recommended range. In contrast,
      58% to 77% of preschool children and only 5% to 20% of school-age children
      surpassed the recommended potassium range. Fifty percent to 70% of children more
      than 10 years old achieved the recommended range for potassium. Approximately
      half of the children 6 months through 4 years of age met the Recommended Dietary
      Allowance (RDA) for calcium. Sixty percent to 80% of adolescents ingested less
      than two-thirds the RDA. Girls had lower intakes than did boys.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3385104
TI  - Vitamin-mineral supplement use: association with dietary intake and iron status
      of adults.
AB  - Although vitamin-mineral supplement use is increasing in the United States, few
      researchers have examined whether supplement users have better nutritional status
      than do nonusers. Data from 10,515 persons examined in the second National Health
      and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES II) were used to compare mean dietary
      intakes of several nutrients and food groups, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular
      volume, transferrin saturation, erythrocyte protoporphyrin, and serum ferritin
      between regular supplement users and nonusers aged 16 to 74 years. Prevalences of
      impaired iron status also were compared between user groups. Users consumed more
      vitamin C and ate fruits and vegetables more frequently than did nonusers in all
      age/sex groups. No significant differences in mean iron status indicators were
      observed except in the 65 to 74 year age/sex groups: transferrin saturation among
      men and mean corpuscular volume, erythrocyte protoporphyrin, and serum ferritin
      among women. In each case, users had higher values than nonusers in this age
      group. Prevalences of impaired iron status did not differ between users and
      nonusers in any age/sex group. In general, iron status was not associated with
      supplement use.

PMID- 3385105
TI  - Estimation of food portion sizes: effectiveness of training.
AB  - This study compared the effectiveness of two types of training on the ability to
      estimate food portion sizes. Training consisted of a 10-minute group session in
      which subjects practiced measuring various solid and liquid foods with household
      measures. A second group of subjects viewed food models of solids and liquids.
      Immediately following training, subjects individually quantified portion sizes of
      foods displayed as a breakfast, lunch, and dinner. A third group, whose members
      received no training, also estimated the same food portion sizes. Results
      indicated no statistically significant difference (p greater than .05) between
      the two types of training using both parametric and non-parametric tests. When
      the trained groups were combined and compared with the untrained group, MANOVA
      analysis indicated training made a significant difference (p less than .05) in
      improving estimation for some food items. A Kolmogorov-Smirnov test also
      supported the hypothesis that training improved estimation for some, but not all,
      food items. Although a significant difference was not found for all food items,
      the data lend some support to the practice of using food models or household
      measures to enhance the ability to estimate food portion sizes more accurately,
      even when training is undertaken in short group sessions.

PMID- 3385106
TI  - Contemporary diet and body weight of Navajo women receiving food assistance: an
      ethnographic and nutritional investigation.
AB  - Preceded by 6 months of ethnographic research, a survey of 107 Navajo women,
      primarily food assistance participants, was conducted to describe and evaluate
      the contemporary Navajo diet. On the basis of results of 1-day dietary recalls,
      mean nutrient intakes were found to be below the RDA for calcium, phosphorus,
      iron, vitamin A, and energy. Sixty-three percent of the women in the sample were
      overweight or obese. The overall percentages of energy from fat, carbohydrate,
      and protein were closer to those recommended in the Dietary Goals than those in
      the current U.S. diet. The fat in the diet appeared to be primarily saturated,
      however, and fiber intake was lower than the U.S. average. Traditional foods were
      infrequently consumed. Women with higher incomes tended to have better diets.
      Commodity foods supplied by USDA's Food Distribution Program provided 43% of
      caloric intake and 37% to 57% of the intakes of all other nutrients except fat
      and vitamin C for the 72% of the sample participating in that program. It is
      concluded that the Food Distribution Program provides an important nutritional
      contribution to the contemporary Navajo diet.

PMID- 3385107
TI  - Food irradiation: the process and implications for dietitians.
AB  - Despite the limited use of irradiation for food preservation in the United States
      to date, the process provides an alternative to the use of some chemical
      pesticides and sprout inhibitors. The formation of random and varied radiolytic
      products (RPs) in foods that have been irradiated is the focus of criticism of
      the process, because RPs may affect the sensory and nutritive quality of foods
      processed with ionizing radiation. The FDA has deemed the process safe, within
      specified doses, for use on spices, some meats, fruits, and vegetables.
      Dietitians should be prepared to answer consumer questions related to irradiation
      as the process becomes more widespread.

PMID- 3385108
TI  - Development of a process evaluation system for a CUP.

PMID- 3385109
TI  - Nutrition knowledge and concerns of health and physical education teachers.
AB  - The results indicated that most (80%) of the teachers were fairly knowledgeable
      about the nutrition needs of athletes. However, while many teachers agreed that
      carbohydrates and fats were the main sources of muscular energy, 35% indicated
      that protein was the primary source of energy for muscular activity. Also, 12%
      agreed that the consumption of salt tablets during athletic events prevents
      muscle cramps. The results suggest nutrition education for HPE teachers is
      needed. Information provided to HPE teachers should address their three main
      nutrition concerns, which are a balanced diet for athletes, weight control, and
      fluid replacement.

PMID- 3385110
TI  - President's page: Legislation and public policy.

PMID- 3385111
TI  - Antibody response of an elderly population to a supplemental dose of influenza B
      vaccine.
AB  - Recent reports have suggested that the antibody response of elderly persons to
      standard doses of influenza vaccine is depressed. We examined the effect of an
      additional threefold dose of influenza B vaccine on the antibody response in
      elderly, ambulatory veterans. One hundred thirty-one male subjects aged 70 years
      and older were randomized to receive one of three influenza vaccine regimens:
      Group I received standard trivalent influenza vaccine containing 15 micrograms of
      B/USSR/100/83 in one arm and placebo in the other; Group II received standard
      trivalent vaccine in one arm and a supplemental dose of 45 micrograms of B/USSR
      in the other; Group III received the same dose as group II combined in one arm
      with a placebo in the other. Antibody levels were measured at baseline, 1 month,
      and 5 months. Nearly 80% of the participants achieved levels of antibody to
      B/USSR considered protective; seroconversion rates varied from 40% to 61%. No
      significant differences in antibody response to B/USSR occurred among the vaccine
      groups, and there were more side effects at higher doses. The higher dose groups
      did, however, achieve greater antibody levels to the drifted influenza B virus
      which circulated during the year of the study. Response to the influenza A
      components of the vaccine, however, may have been blunted in Group III which
      received a large dose of A and B antigens all at one site.

PMID- 3385112
TI  - Urinary incontinence in a community-residing elderly population.
AB  - A self-administered postal questionnaire was presented to all attending members
      (843) of local summer meetings of a national association for retired persons. A
      71% response rate (599) revealed that 33% of the total sample population
      experienced some form of urinary incontinence. Twenty-three and seven-tenths
      percent (142) experienced occasional urine dribbling, 2.3% (14) were unable to
      prevent involuntary emptying of their bladder, and 7.3% (44) suffered both
      problems. Eighty-three percent of the respondents were between the ages of 65 and
      85 years. Females accounted for 75% of all respondents. Respondents 75 years of
      age or older had a higher occurrence of all forms of urinary incontinence (P =
      0.57), and a strong association existed with the same age-group and uncontrolled
      emptying of the bladder (P = .02). Thirty-seven percent of the females and 22% of
      the males reported having had an incontinent episode (P = .002). High parity
      (four or more births) was significantly associated with incontinence in females
      (P = .04). These survey findings provide prevalence estimates of urinary
      incontinence that are greater than those previously reported and show statistical
      differences by age and gender. The study population is not representative of all
      the noninstitutionalized elderly, but consists primarily of individuals who are
      active, ambulatory, generally healthy and may underestimate the magnitude of the
      problem. Urinary incontinence is substantiated as a major health problem in even
      the most functional community-residing elderly citizens.

PMID- 3385113
TI  - The prevalence and one-year outcome of limb arterial obstructive disease in a
      nursing home population.
AB  - To assess the utility of bedside diagnostic measures to detect prognostically
      significant peripheral vascular disease, we examined 60 nursing home residents by
      physical examination, Doppler sphygmomamometry and pneumatic oscillometry, and
      recorded the clinical history. Eighty-eight percent of the cases had
      tibial/brachial arterial systolic pressure indices below 0.95, the lower limit
      traditionally considered normal. Yet, no more than 5% of the patients carried a
      previous diagnosis of peripheral vascular disease or had intermittent
      claudication, leg ulcers or gangrene. Approximately half of the patients had
      tibial/brachial pressure indices less than 0.7, and one year later in these
      cases, there was significantly greater morbidity and nearly twice the mortality
      of patients with less severe disease. We conclude that simple bedside diagnostic
      tests of arterial disease used in this study discloses a high prevalence of
      disease in institutionalized elderly patients and identifies a group at
      particular risk for morbid complications.

PMID- 3385114
TI  - Forgetting falls. The limited accuracy of recall of falls in the elderly.
AB  - To determine how accurately elderly subjects recall recent falls, we studied 304
      ambulatory men and women over the age of 60 years who completed a 12-month
      prospective study of risk factors for falling. We developed a system of weekly
      follow-up and home visits to record and confirm all falls. During the study, 179
      participants suffered at least one fall that was confirmed by home visit. At the
      end of the study, all subjects were interviewed by telephone about whether they
      had suffered a fall during the preceding 3, 6, or 12 months. Depending on the
      time period of recall, 13% to 32% of those with confirmed falls did not recall
      falling during the specific period of time. Recall was better for the preceding
      12 months than for 3 or 6 months. There were only weak correlations (r = 0.28 to
      0.59) between the number of falls that were documented and the number that the
      subjects recalled during each of these periods. Those with lower scores on the
      Mini-Mental State Examination were more likely to forget falls. We conclude that
      elderly subjects often do not recall falls that occurred during specific periods
      of time over the preceding 3 to 12 months. Researchers and clinicians should
      consider using methods besides long-term recall for ascertaining and counting
      falls over specific periods of time.

PMID- 3385115
TI  - Disruptive behavior in demented patients living within disturbed families.

PMID- 3385116
TI  - Sexual dysfunction in the elderly male.

PMID- 3385117
TI  - Surgical treatment of recurrent sigmoid volvulus under local anesthesia.

PMID- 3385118
TI  - Homatropine-associated confusion in an elderly patient.

PMID- 3385119
TI  - Low serum B12 level and normal Schilling's test.

PMID- 3385120
TI  - Normal pressure hydrocephalus.

PMID- 3385121
TI  - Abstracts of AGS/AFAR posters.

PMID- 3385122
TI  - [Adenoma of the retinal pigment epithelium].
AB  - We report 3 cases of macular or perimacular adenomas of the R.P.E. These tumors
      are small, deeply pigmented and arise abruptly like a pyramid from a flat base
      over laying retina. There is no intra-tumoral vascularisation during angiography.
      They typically grow very slowly or not. Metastasis from them has never been
      described like a certainty with histological evidence. Clinical course,
      histological aspects are very similar to a carcinoma of R.P.E. They have a
      tubular or cord-like arrangement of proliferated R.P.E. cells. The main problem
      is to differentiate these tumors from first malignant melanomas and other uveal
      pigmented tumors and second others nonneoplastic proliferations of R.P.E.:
      essentially unifocal congenital hypertrophy and reactive hyperplasia. Management
      of these tumors depends of clinical characteristics and often behavior of the
      tumor with periodical photographic or ultrasonic supervision to detect evidence
      of growth which could lead to enucleation to obtain histologic evidence for fear
      of uveal malignant tumor.

PMID- 3385123
TI  - [Elevation in adduction. Relation to congenital strabismus and other types of
      ocular motility disorders].
AB  - This retrospective study shows the clinical data of 81 patients with elevation in
      adduction. The relationships between the elevation in adduction and various
      ocular anomalies, such as horizontal deviations, refractive errors, nystagmus,
      torticollis, superior oblique muscle paralysis and dissociated vertical
      deviation, have been studied in order to specify the clinical characteristics of
      this phenomenon. The age of onset of the elevation in adduction and of the
      dissociated vertical deviation has also been considered, and a typical temporal
      progression of these symptoms has been found. In this sequence, we first noticed
      the onset of the horizontal deviation, then the appearance of the elevation in
      adduction, and finally the appearance of the dissociated vertical deviation.
      Although the elevation in adduction is frequently found in association with the
      complex syndromic pattern of congenital esotropia, this phenomenon may also
      accompany other types of anomalies of ocular motility.

PMID- 3385124
TI  - [Terson's syndrome. Apropos of 7 cases].
AB  - We studied seven cases of Terson's syndrome, in association with bleeding in the
      subarachnoid space caused by rupture of vascular malformation or cranial
      traumatism. The association of rapid increase of intracranial pressure with
      subarachnoid hemorrhage could explain the development of a Terson's syndrome. The
      retinal hemorrhages associated with the vitreous hemorrhage are variable in
      morphology and topography. Pars plana vitrectomy has been performed in eight eyes
      with most often good results.

PMID- 3385125
TI  - [Ataxia-telangiectasia: an optic and electron morphocytologic study of a
      conjunctival biopsy].
AB  - The authors present a case of ataxia-telangiectasia also known as Louis-Bar
      Syndrome. The rarity of the disease and the dearth of extensive literature about
      the subject submitting this particular case to optic and electronic study and to
      report the results. The description, that comes out from our histologic and
      submicroscope study of the conjunctiva, attests the change of the conduct, of the
      diameter and conjunctival flow of the microvessels. This, in turn touches upon
      the cytological question behind the cause of changes in the relationships of
      vessels and surrounding tissues.

PMID- 3385126
TI  - [Evaluation of the central visual field by the Friedmann Mark I analyzer and
      color vision in 85 patients with multiple sclerosis. Correlation with visual
      evoked potentials in 50 cases].
AB  - Analysis of the visual field using Friedmann's analyser Mark I and color study in
      85 multiple sclerosis patients. Static perimetry of the central visual field and
      test batteries (Ishihara plates, 15 Hue Standard, 15 Hue of Lanthony) for
      acquired color vision defects were performed in 85 multiple sclerosis patients
      (61 definite, 12 probable, 12 possible cases). Results in patients were compared
      to data obtained in 53 control subjects matched for age. 64% of the 85 patients
      and 52% of 48 patients with no history of optic nevritis showed visual field
      abnormalities and/or color vision defects. Comparison with VEP was available in
      50 patients. While 10 patients had abnormal VEP and normal static perimetry and
      coloration tests, 5 patients had the reverse findings.

PMID- 3385127
TI  - [Comparative study of visual evoked potentials and magnetic resonance imaging in
      multiple sclerosis].
AB  - 19 patients with clinically definite, probable or possible multiple sclerosis
      were examined by means of visual evoked potentials and magnetic resonance
      imaging. The patients were classified in three groups according to the criteria
      of Mac Alpine. 11 patients had definite multiple sclerosis: 8 of these patients,
      who had visual disorders evoking an optic neuropathy, had abnormal visual evoked
      potentials and 7 of these 8 patients had a pathological magnetic resonance
      imaging. In the other 3 patients of this group without optic neuropathy. 2 of
      them had abnormal visual evoked potentials and the 3 had a pathological magnetic
      resonance imaging. Two patients had probable multiple sclerosis, one of them had
      abnormal visual evoked potentials and a pathological magnetic resonance imaging.
      Finally, 6 patients had possible multiple sclerosis, one had a optical
      neuropathy, with abnormal visual evoked potentials but with a normal magnetic
      resonance imaging. Among the 5 other patients, 2 had abnormal visual evoked
      potentials and a pathological magnetic resonance imaging. The results obtained in
      comparison with the other reported in the literature show that magnetic resonance
      imaging brings a certain number of criteria which when associated with visual
      evoked potentials seem to be a further development in the diagnosis of the
      affection. However, despite of the existence of correlations, the lack of
      specificity of the lesions found with magnetic resonance imaging should lead the
      clinicians to a cautions optimism.

PMID- 3385128
TI  - [Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and retinal tear with intravitreous
      hemorrhage].
AB  - A retrospective study was conducted on a series of 28 eyes with primary retinal
      tears associated with vitreous hemorrhage. At initial presentation, the retina
      was detached in 17 eyes and attached in 11. In the series of eyes with an
      attached retina, the vitreous hemorrhage was massive in 5 eyes (45%), the average
      number of retinal tears was 1.36. All eyes showed a retinal tear located in the
      upper quadrants. Three patients (27%) experienced recurrent vitreous hemorrhage
      after sealing of the retinal tears. In the series of eyes with a detached retina,
      the vitreous hemorrhage was massive in 5 eyes (29%) and the average number of
      retinal tears was 1.9. The retinal detachment was located in the upper quadrants
      in 16 eyes (94%). Clinical evidence of proliferative vitreoretinopathy was noted,
      at initial presentation, in 6 eyes (35%). Permanent retinal reattachment was
      achieved in only 12 eyes (70%). All surgical failures were related to
      proliferative vitreoretinopathy. In the present series the prognosis of primary
      retinal tears with significant vitreous hemorrhage was guarded because of
      recurrent vitreous hemorrhages. The prognosis of primary rhegmatogenous retinal
      detachments with significant vitreous hemorrhage at initial presentation was
      guarded because of the high incidence of proliferative vitreoretinopathy.

PMID- 3385130
TI  - [Microangioma and optochiasmatic apoplexy. Description of an anatomo-clinical
      entity associating spontaneous hemorrhages of the anterior optic pathways and
      rupture of cryptic vascular anomalies].
AB  - A 39 year-old women presented for the third time in 9 years, with an acute
      chiasmal syndrome caused by hemorrhage within a ruptured intra-chiasmatic cryptic
      angioma. We have reviewed this entity described as "chiasmal apoplexy" and
      defined its clinicopathological characteristics. Sub-frontal microsurgical
      approach to the optic chiasm is recommended to confirm the diagnosis and to
      decompress the optic chiasm. However, surgery does not prevent the possibility of
      recurrences. We have precised the concept of cryptic vascular malformation.

PMID- 3385129
TI  - [Diagnosis of ocular toxoplasmosis by the ELISA method applied to the
      determination of immunoglobulins of the aqueous humor].
AB  - The toxoplasmosic origin of focal chorioretinitis can be detected on the basis of
      certain clinical signs in the fundus. However, this must be biologically
      confirmed by studying the local production of specific antibodies. For that
      purpose, the rate of intraocular specific Immunoglobulins is compared to the
      serum rate. The ELISA method is well adapted to quantitative determination of
      microamounts in aqueous humors. The authors report a study of 103 patients of
      whom, 28 were suffering from uveitis, and have studied the correlation between
      clinical lesions and results of the ELISA test. There was no false positive in
      the first group reference series, and in the positive cases there was a very high
      correlation with the clinical indicators.

PMID- 3385131
TI  - [Winer's cutaneous calcinosis. Apropos of a case with eyelid localization].
AB  - A case of Winer's solitary cutaneous calcinosis is used as a basis for a
      literature review of this rare, benign dermatosis. Despite concordant clinical
      features diagnosis of this lesion is histologic. Normal blood biological values,
      a debated etiopathogenicity and the need to eliminate a collagen disease are
      important factors to bear in mind before making this diagnosis of such a
      cutaneous lesion, for which exeresis ensures a cure.

PMID- 3385133
TI  - Toxicity of pirimiphos-methyl: I. The acute and subacute oral toxicity in albino
      rats.
AB  - In an acute study, albino rats of both sexes were orally administered graded
      doses of Pirimiphosmethyl, and the statistically computed median lethal dose (LD
      50) were 1861 and 1667 mg/kg body weight for male and female rats respectively.
      No treatment related changes were discernible with regard to food intake, growth,
      gross or histopathology of the organs. In a time-course study, the correlation
      between symptoms and degree of esterase inhibition was examined in rats
      administered the minimum lethal dose (MLD: 1000 mg/kg b.w.) of the insecticide.
      Time-course inhibition pattern of both cholinesterase (ChE) and non-specific
      carboxylesterase (NSE) activities in brain and plasma revealed maximum inhibition
      at 24 h post-treatment which correlated well with the intensity of symptoms. In a
      subacute study, groups of male rats were fed dietary Pirimiphos-methyl at 0, 10,
      250, 500 and 1000 ppm for 28 days. Food consumption and growth rate were not
      affected throughout the experimental period. At necropsy after 28 days, no gross
      pathological changes were seen in any of the organs except a slight increase in
      liver weight at 1000 ppm. Though no statistical differences were observed in the
      levels of hepatic transaminases, a significant increase in serum transaminase was
      evident. Significant increase in the activities of hepatic ALP, beta-GLR and
      serum ALP were evident at 500 and 1000 ppm. Further, significant inhibition of
      plasma PChE was evident at 250, 500 and 1000 ppm while the degree of inhibition
      of brain AChE was significant only at the higher dosages. No histopathological
      alterations were observed in any of the organs.

PMID- 3385132
TI  - Reproduction study of toxaphene in the rat.
AB  - The purpose of the present study was to investigate in rats the reproductive
      effects of toxaphene, an insecticidal mixture which has been identified as a
      pollutant in the Great Lakes ecosystem. Groups of 30 female and 15 male weanling
      rats were given toxaphene in the diets at 0, 4.0, 20, 100 or 500 ppm in a 1
      generation 2 litter reproduction study. Toxaphene treatment at the levels studied
      had no effects on the litter size, pup weight, fertility, or gestation and
      survival indices. Toxic effects in the parental rats included depressed weight
      gain, elevated serum cholesterol, and increased liver and kidney weight and
      hepatic microsomal enzyme activities. Most of these effects were associated only
      with 500 ppm toxaphene treatment. Treatment-related histological changes in the
      liver, thyroid and kidney of adult rats were observed at levels as low as 20 ppm.
      Based on the data presented, the no observable adverse effect dose of toxaphene
      was considered to be 4.0 ppm in the diet (0.29-0.38 mg/kg b.w./day depending on
      the amount of dietary intake).

PMID- 3385134
TI  - Toxicity of pirimiphos-methyl: II. Effect of dietary feeding on blood and urine
      constituents in albino rats.
AB  - Growing male rats were fed dietary Pirimiphos-methyl at 0, 500, 1000 and 1500 ppm
      for 28 days and selected blood and urine constituents were measured at weekly
      intervals. Dietary intake of Pirimiphos-methyl induced an initial, transient
      hypoglycemia and a marked elevation in blood urea at all dosages. Though it did
      not produce any significant change in the urine output initially, marked oliguria
      was observed after 12 days of feeding. The alterations observed in urine
      constituents were: increased urea, proteinuria, transient increase in creatinine
      and significant increase in the excretion of glucuronic acid and ethereal sulfate
      at all intervals. However, since no pathological alterations were evident in the
      kidney, the anomalous urinary excretion of various body constituents might be due
      to the anticholinesterase action of the insecticide at the central nervous
      system.

PMID- 3385135
TI  - Effect of the trichothecene deoxynivalenol on brain biogenic monoamines
      concentrations in rats and chickens.
AB  - Male Sprague-Dawley rats (180 g) and 28-day-old Single Comb White Leghorn
      Cockerels (300 g) were orally dosed with deoxynivalenol (DON) at 2.5 mg kg-1 body
      weight. In the first experiment, whole brains were collected at 2, 6, 12, 24 and
      48 hours after the toxin treatment and analyzed for brain biogenic monoamines by
      high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Although
      several interesting trends were observed, DON did not influence whole brain
      concentrations of monoamine neurotransmitters or their metabolites in either
      species, at any time. In a second experiment, brains were collected 24 hours
      postdosing, dissected into 5 brain regions (pons and medulla oblongata,
      cerebellum, hypothalamus, hippocampus and cerebral cortex), and analyzed. DON
      treatment resulted in significantly elevated concentrations of serotonin (HT) and
      5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (HIAA) in all brain regions of the rat. However,
      this was not seen in poultry, where DON treatment resulted in a decrease in
      norepinephrine (NE) in the hypothalamus and hippocampus, and a decrease in
      dopamine (DA) in the pons and medulla oblongata region. These results suggest
      that DON influences brain biogenic amine metabolism, and that there may be
      intraspecies differences in the central effects of this mycotoxin.

PMID- 3385136
TI  - Involvement of glutathione in the reduction of captan-induced in vivo inhibition
      of monooxygenases and liver toxicity in the rat.
AB  - If given orally captan is relatively nontoxic, but it can be extremely toxic
      after parenteral exposure. Therefore, a single i.p. dose of captan (20 mg/kg) was
      given to male Sprague-Dawley rats and its effect on liver microsomal mixed
      function oxidases and certain serum enzymes (SDH, SGPT and SGOT) was studied. The
      single dose of captan caused marked depression of microsomal cytochrome P-450 and
      the activity of benzphetamine N-demethylase and aniline hydroxylase, and moderate
      elevation of the serum enzymes indicative of liver damage. However, reduced
      glutathione (100 mg/kg, i.p.) given prior to captan, appears to decrease the
      liver toxicity as measured by reduced inhibition of the microsomal enzymes and
      elevation of serum enzymes activity. The results suggest that glutathione and
      other compounds containing sulfhydryl groups may protect the subjects from captan
      induced liver toxicity.

PMID- 3385138
TI  - Israel Endocrine Society, 1988-1987 annual meeting. Tel Aviv, January 17-18,
      1988. Abstracts.

PMID- 3385137
TI  - Residues of EBDC fungicides and ETU in experimental and commercial beverages
      (beer and wine).
AB  - Residues of EBDC (ethylenebisdithiocarbamate) fungicides and ETU
      (ethylenethiourea; 2-imidazolidinethione) were monitored in beers and wines from
      different locations. No EBDC residues were detected in any of the samples
      examined. Concerning the ETU residues, the residue levels higher than the limit
      of method detection (0.01 ppm) were 22.6% and 7.3% in the commercial beer and
      wine samples respectively, but the number of samples containing more than 0.1 ppm
      of ETU was practically negligeable.

PMID- 3385140
TI  - A longitudinal study of energy expenditure in males during steady-state exercise.

PMID- 3385139
TI  - Three mutants that extend both mean and maximum life span of the nematode,
      Caenorhabditis elegans, define the age-1 gene.
AB  - Long-lived mutants in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans have been studied to
      determine if the mutations responsible for extended life were allelic. Three of
      four mutant strains studied (MK31, MK542, MK546) contain recessive mutations that
      significantly lengthen life; MK542 and MK546 consistently fail to complement the
      long life phenotype of age-1 and are therefore allelic. MK31, although longer
      lived than wild type, is equivocal, in some cases failing to complement age-1 but
      not in others. All three long-lived strains have reduced hermaphrodite self
      fertility and also fail to complement for this presumed pleiotropic effect of the
      age-1 mutation. Each of these three strains also contains an independent mutation
      at unc-31 IV. Since the mutants were isolated in the same mutant hunt (Klass,
      1983) using protocols that did not guarantee independence, the mutations cannot
      be assumed to be independently isolated.

PMID- 3385141
TI  - Reliability of maximal and submaximal parameters of treadmill testing for the
      measurement of physical training in older persons.
AB  - There is a learning effect on repeat treadmill testing. Therefore, measurements
      made before and after a training program could reflect the effect of repeat
      testing in addition to the effect of training. The goal of this study was to test
      the reliability of maximal and submaximal treadmill parameters as a measure of
      training in older persons. Nine subjects underwent two identical tests before
      training (learning effect) and a third after a 12-week training program. VO2 max
      increased 9.0% with training, but was unchanged before training. Maximal duration
      increased 6.7% before training and a further 6.3% after training. Submaximal
      heart rate (HR) decreased 3.8% before training and an additional 5.3% with
      training. We conclude that VO2 max is a reliable measure of change in physical
      training in older persons. Maximal duration and submaximal HR are subject to a
      learning effect and cannot be relied upon to document a training effect.

PMID- 3385142
TI  - Age-related changes in anticipatory postural adjustments associated with arm
      movements.
AB  - This study investigated the effects of age on the feedforward activation of
      postural muscles in advance of reaction time arm movements. Fifteen young (mean
      age 26 years) and 15 older (mean age 71 years) adult subjects were instructed to
      rapidly push or pull on a hand-held manipulandum. Postural muscle response onset
      latencies of the lower leg were significantly increased in the older adult group
      in three of the four conditions when compared to the young adult group. In
      addition, prime mover muscle response onset latencies of the upper arm showed a
      large, significant increase in older adults beyond that due to the slowing of the
      postural response. The results suggest two conclusions. The voluntary control
      system may be affected to a slightly greater degree with age resulting in slower
      voluntary movement in the elderly. Or, deterioration of the postural control
      system with age slows the speed of voluntary movement by delaying the onset of
      the voluntary muscle response.

PMID- 3385143
TI  - The effects of physical exercise on plasma lipoprotein and apolipoprotein
      metabolism in elderly men.
AB  - The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of physical exercise on
      plasma lipoprotein and apolipoprotein metabolism in elderly men. We measured
      plasma concentrations of lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins (apo) in 12
      elderly runners (OR), 12 elderly sedentary controls, 16 young runners (YR), and
      15 young sedentary controls. Although there were no significant differences in
      plasma levels of cholesterol (Ch), triglyceride, and phospholipid between two old
      groups and between two young groups, OR and YR had decreased levels of VLDL-Ch
      (42% and 59% of respective control) and LDL-Ch (90%, 94%), and increased levels
      of HDL-Ch (133%, 112%), apo A-I (109%, 101%), and apo A-II (109%, 105%). These
      data indicate that physical exercise may have favorable effects on plasma
      concentrations of lipoproteins and apolipoproteins in OR as well as in YR, and
      affect HDL-lipids, HDL-proteins, and ratio of HDL-proteins/HDL-lipids.

PMID- 3385144
TI  - Geriatric benefits of exercise as an adult.
AB  - Associations between habitual physical activity and health were studied by
      retrospective questioning of 674 retirees aged 65-90. Within the limitations of
      the study (a volunteer sample and a simple questionnaire index of physical
      activity), the data show a decrease of activity in men, but not in women, from
      age 50 to the retirement years. The main factors influencing disability, and
      therefore health-care costs, were age (disability greater in older subjects) and
      sex (disability greater in women than in men). ANCOVA indicated that after
      allowing for these two variables, there was a possible small effect of physical
      activity at age 50 upon subsequent disability (p less than .094), together with a
      significant physical activity/sex interaction (p less than .030). However, a
      multivariate linear regression analysis of quality-adjusted health-care costs
      showed no significant effect of physical activity at age 50 upon subsequent
      disability. Nor did those surviving to the higher quintiles of the retirement
      years show a higher physical activity score at age 50 than those in the lower
      quintiles. While further research with more precise instruments remains
      desirable, the present results suggest that habitual physical activity at the age
      of 50 has only a weak association with lower levels of current physical
      disability and no relationship to resultant health-care costs during the years of
      retirement.

PMID- 3385145
TI  - Exercise-induced muscle damage, repair, and adaptation in old and young subjects.
AB  - This study examined exercise-induced muscle damage, repair, and adaptation in 10
      college age women and 10 women over age 60. On two sessions spaced 7 days apart,
      subjects performed an eccentric exercise of the forearm flexors consisting of 24
      muscle actions at an intensity of 115% of isometric strength. Serum creatine
      kinase activity, flexed and relaxed elbow joint angles, and muscle pain were
      assessed prior to and for 5 days after each exercise session. The exercise
      resulted in similar changes in CK, muscle pain, and inability to fully flex the
      forearm for old and young subjects. The old group demonstrated greater muscle
      shortening (a decrease in the relaxed elbow joint angle). The old and young
      groups adapted to the first exercise such that changes in all criterion measures
      were reduced following the second exercise. For the physically active subjects in
      this study, the damage process (with the exception of muscle shortening) takes a
      similar course for old and young. The repair process is equally as effective in
      old and young, and older subjects show the same ability to adapt to the damage as
      young subjects.

PMID- 3385146
TI  - Tuberculosis, tuberculin reactivity, and delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity in
      nursing home residents.
AB  - When all residents of a 460-bed nursing home were tuberculin tested after
      discovery of a fatal case of pulmonary tuberculosis, 34% reacted, including 6%
      who gave boosted reactions. Twenty-four of 262 (9.2%) nonreactors converted to
      tuberculin reactors 6 months after exposure. Six of the convertors were among the
      21% of the residents who were originally considered anergic on the basis of
      negative Candida and Trichophyton skin tests. These results confirm the
      observation that aged nursing home residents have lower rates of tuberculin
      reactivity than earlier in their lives, and that tuberculosis is a nosocomial
      infection in nursing homes. However, generalized immune senescence cannot be
      invoked as a reason for apparent susceptibility because the very marker of
      infection--the development of tuberculin reaction--is evidence of some degree of
      immune competence. Furthermore, the presence of cutaneous anergy as clinically
      determined does not predict inability to develop an immune response to the
      tubercle bacillus.

PMID- 3385147
TI  - Continuity and change in social support between young-old and old-old or very-old
      age.
AB  - This longitudinal research examined continuity and change in social support in a
      sample of 74 old-old (74 to 84) or very-old (85 and over) members of the Berkeley
      Older Generation Study. Considerable continuity in extent of contact was found
      between 1969 and 1983 for the group as a whole, particularly with respect to
      family relationships. In beyond-family contacts, declines were observed for men
      but not women, and for the very-old but not the old-old. Important changes also
      were observed in involvement or subjective level of commitment: satisfaction with
      children increased, while involvement beyond the family declined.

PMID- 3385148
TI  - Adult age differences in memory for imagined and performed actions.
AB  - Young and older adults were presented a list of 24 descriptions of simple
      actions. For each list item, subjects were either instructed to perform the
      action or else were instructed to imagine themselves performing the action. On a
      surprise recall test, age differences were found for both performed and imagined
      actions as well as for source judgments (remembering which actions had been
      performed and which imagined). The latter effect, however, resulted from the near
      chance level of performance of a minority of the older adults; the performance of
      the majority of the older adults overlapped with that of the young adults on the
      source judgment task.

PMID- 3385149
TI  - An indirect measure of the value of friendship for aging men.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to assess the value of friendship for a group of
      aging men. From the 25th and the 50th Anniversary Report of the Harvard Class of
      1930, 706 and 455 autobiographical sketches respectively, were analyzed for
      mentions of career, marital relationships, and friendship. The results indicated
      that married men value friendship significantly less than career or family. There
      was evidence of an increase in casual friendly relations with more leisure time
      in old age, but no indication of an increase in close friendships. These results
      are tempered by evidence of a broadened understanding of what constitutes
      friendship in adulthood.

PMID- 3385150
TI  - Factors influencing therapist-rated change in older adults.
AB  - Current work on mental health treatment of elderly persons tends to implicitly
      assume that chronological age is the major determinant of outcome in the older
      adult population. This study compared chronological age within the older adult
      population with other client characteristics and with treatment process measures
      as factors influencing therapist-rated change during treatment in a community
      mental health outreach program. In addition, earlier findings that the elderly
      improved more than younger adults were replicated. Multivariate analysis found
      age and number of sessions in therapy predict change scores, with diagnosis alone
      being a good predictor of outcome with initial rating held constant. It is
      suggested that chronological age is neither the only nor the most important
      determinant of outcome in mental health treatment.

PMID- 3385151
TI  - Effects of noise type and retinal eccentricity on age differences in
      identification and localization.
AB  - Twenty young (M = 24 yrs), and 20 older adults (M = 62 yrs) identified and
      localized two target letters presented nonfoveally in each of three noise
      conditions. Targets were presented in isolation, embedded in featurally similar
      distractors, or embedded in distractors that were featurally similar to the
      alternate response. Older adults were generally slower to identify targets,
      particularly in multi-element arrays. Age differences favoring the elderly were
      found in target-similar identification accuracy, but the young identified targets
      more accurately in alternate-similar noise. Localization errors were greater
      among the elderly, who exhibited a bias to localize targets to central array
      positions. Age differences in noise effects are explained as resulting from
      ontogenic change in the duration of temporal integration required to encode
      arrays to the level of a primary detection response (Estes, 1982). The model's
      predictions were given small-scale validation when visibility was decreased in
      young adults who then produced performance profiles similar to the elderly.

PMID- 3385152
TI  - Subjective state of health and survival in elderly adults.
AB  - The relationship between subjective state of health and 5-year survival in an
      elderly cohort was examined. During the 1978 study of the elderly population of
      Kiryat Ono, a suburban community in the central coastal area of Israel,
      respondents were asked to evaluate their general health status on a four-level
      scale, and their vital status was updated until 1983. A multivariate analysis of
      survival was conducted using the Cox Proportional Hazards Model. Self-rating of
      health was an independent predictor of survival after controlling for age, sex,
      continent of origin, number of conditions and medications reported, heart disease
      and activities of daily living (ADL). The self-rating of health was found to be
      an important psychosocial parameter in the evaluation of health status, in
      determining the prognosis of an elderly person, and in analyzing survival.

PMID- 3385153
TI  - Age differences in social network participation.
AB  - Differences in participation in social networks were analyzed as a function of
      age, drawing on a theoretical model of substitution processes. Using an empirical
      approach from the study of participation in voluntary organizations, I separated
      the direct effects of age from indirect effects via age-based declines in
      resources. The results show that a substantial proportion of the age-based
      decrease in level of activity in social networks was due to declines in
      resources, but similar analyses for the sources of participation in networks
      showed effects of age that persisted after controlling for resources. These
      results point to some important distinctions among measures of social networks.

PMID- 3385154
TI  - Self-efficacy and competence in independent living among oldest old persons.
AB  - It was hypothesized that self-efficacy would add significantly to health as a
      predictor of competence in independent living among oldest old persons. Sixty
      seven participants aged 85 and older (15% males, 85% females) were administered
      measures of health, self-efficacy, psychosocial competence, and competence in
      activities of daily living (ADL). Self-efficacy contributed, beyond the effects
      of health, to the prediction of psychosocial competence, but not to competence in
      ADL. Health status significantly predicted competence in ADL, but not in
      psychosocial competence.

PMID- 3385155
TI  - [Non-assistance or malicious avoidance of treating patients in obstetrics and
      neonatology. Analysis of its jurisprudence].
AB  - 1947 was the date of the first prosecution for failure to assist a person in
      danger at the time of delivery. Before coming back to it the authors define the
      constitutional elements of breaking the law as specified in article 63, paragraph
      2 of the Penal Code in connection with applying articles 319 and 320 which
      concern homicide or involuntary bodily harm (or recklessness) which are the most
      often used in medicine. After that they present the court records of a number of
      cases which for the most part have not been published, from the Tribunals or the
      Appeal Courts of cases where prosecution could resulting up to 5 years of
      imprisonment or a fine of 20,000 F for general practitioners, specialists,
      gynaecologists and obstetricians or midwives who are indicted under these
      conditions. A series of 18 case histories which cover pregnancy, delivery and
      help for the newborn at risk in the first days of life, should lead to a good was
      of preventing this medico-legal risk, which is little known but very real. It
      requires great care by practitioners when called to urgent cases and a thorough
      and proper handling over to a colleague or to a team who are more able to give
      help, as well as good control of the conditions under which resuscitation is
      carried out and under which the newborn is monitored in the neonatal period. It
      is emphasized that the biggest risk run by the doctor who is responsible for the
      care of the pregnancy, of the delivery or resuscitation of the newborn is later
      not to be able to deny false information that may be given about the risks run by
      the victim, and to challenge the accusation that he was unwilling to give help.
      It is only by keeping good notes and by the evidence of witnesses that later
      provide indisputable proof against accusations of his failure, which characterize
      cases of failure to assist people in danger in medicine, can be fought. This risk
      is particularly strong in obstetrics and in neonatology.

PMID- 3385156
TI  - [Chylous ascites: apropos of a case of endometrial adenocarcinoma associated with
      homologous carcinosarcoma of a fallopian tube].
AB  - A patient who was 61 years of age had obstruction of the thoracic duct by
      metastases from an adenocarcinoma of the endometrium together with a
      carcinosarcoma of the tube. She developed chylous ascite. The diagnostic approach
      and the treatment has been reviewed by the authors.

PMID- 3385157
TI  - [Pregnancy and adrenal insufficiency. Apropos of a case and reminder of
      management procedures].
AB  - The authors report a case of pregnancy which proceeded normally in a patient who
      had Addison's disease. This is not a common condition for obstetricians to meet.
      Thanks to replacement hormone therapy a patient with Addison's disease can become
      fertile and pregnancy usually starts in a patient whose chronic adrenal
      insufficiency (Addison's disease) is known and has been treated. The consequences
      of this association are reviewed: In the first trimester of pregnancy the hormone
      state may become more disturbed because of intestinal troubles and can become
      acutely decompensated because of the "stress" of delivery and its immediate
      consequences. There are no maternal or fetal repercussions so long as hormone
      replacement is adequate. The delivery can be by the vaginal route unless there
      are obstetric contra-indications. These are the particular precautions that have
      to be undertaken, together with regular supervision of the mother to maintain her
      hormonal equilibrium: Looking for, prevention and treatment of any condition that
      may lead to adrenal decompensation: these are particularly intestinal upsets in
      the first trimester and urinary tract infections. At the end of pregnancy the
      patient should be hospitalised with resuscitation carried out during and after
      delivery. These may need to be performed in addition to any surgical procedure
      that is carried out. The infant does not have any particular treatment and can
      breast-feed.

PMID- 3385158
TI  - [Retrospective study of 33 cases of obstetric paralysis of the brachial plexus].
AB  - Thirty-three cases of obstetrical paralysis of the brachial plexus have been seen
      in 15 years in the gynaecological and obstetrical department of the University
      Hospital Pitie Salpetriere. The authors, from studying these cases, work out the
      factors that tend to bring about this pathological condition. They are:
      multiparity, excessive weight gain in pregnancy, fetal excessive growth,
      prolonged second stage of labour, instrumental delivery and shoulder dystocia in
      cephalic presentations. In breech presentations it is mainly faulty performance
      of the manoeuvres that are needed to deliver the shoulders. These lesions
      involve, in most cases, the roots of C5 and C6. Spontaneous regression occurs
      very often. The authors have found 25% of sequellae. It is difficult to prevent
      shoulder dystocia. It consists in realising well the size of the fetus and using
      instruments really sensibly when the presenting part is high in a primiparous
      woman. In a multiparous woman one has to be on the look-out for increasing
      macrosomia of the fetus and it is important to teach the manoeuvres that are
      necessary to deal with shoulder dystocia. As far as breech delivery is concerned
      the major risk is the delivery itself without there being any need for fetal or
      maternal criteria to alter matters. Therefore prevention in this presentation has
      to be the presence of a competent obstetrician at each delivery always.

PMID- 3385159
TI  - [Peroperative colposcopic examination of conization tissue. Determination of the
      complete or incomplete nature of the cone].
AB  - The authors describe an original technique which makes it possible for them to
      determine during the operation whether conisation has been complete or
      incomplete. The tissue removed is examined during the operation colposcopically
      after it has been stained with an aqueous solution of toluidine colour blue.
      Pathological epithelium can be recognized easily and it is possible to measure
      the distance between the edge of this epithelium and the tissue that has been
      removed. If it is inadequate more can be cut out immediately. The distance should
      be at least 5 mm from the edge of the pathological epithelium.

PMID- 3385160
TI  - [Vaginal hysterectomy using the Porges method. Report on 100 cases].
AB  - The Porges technique for vaginal hysterectomy is described and a series of 100
      cases is presented. The ease and advantages of the technique, such as fewer
      operative stages, shortened operating time, low morbidity and short
      hospitalization are emphasized. There were no complications related to the
      operative technique, either during or after the operation.

PMID- 3385161
TI  - [Separation of spermatozoa using Percoll gradients: value for in vitro
      fertilization].
AB  - Male infertility can be successfully treated by In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) and
      Embryo Transfer. However in case of oligo asthenospermia it is often difficult to
      select enough spermatozoa with good motility for the oocytes insemination. To
      cope with this problem, in 27 IVF cycles, sperm selection was performed by
      centrifugation on discontinuous Percoll density gradient. This method was
      demonstrated to be more efficient than swim-up migration to select motile sperm.
      The cleavage rate (63%) and the pregnancy rate per cycle (22%) were both
      satisfying. Centrifugation on discontinuous Percoll gradient was also found to be
      highly efficient for the removal of bacterial contaminants from semen (20 IVF
      cycles); the cleavage rate (66%) and the pregnancy rate per cycle (35%) were also
      quite satisfying. It can be concluded that centrifugation on discontinuous
      Percoll gradient is a useful method for sperm preparation in IVF in case of oligo
      asthenospermia and in case of bacterial contamination in semen.

PMID- 3385162
TI  - [Choice of suture material for surgery of female and male sterility. Is there an
      all-purpose suture?].
AB  - In the field of infertility, surgeons choose their sutures according some
      criteria: handling, absence of side effects and toxicity for the tissues,
      adequate sterilization, availability in adequate calibers with needles suitable
      for the structures of Fallopian tube, vas deferens and epididymis. Today, it
      seems that Polyglactine 910 (treated and gained Vicryl*) is perfectly adapted to
      all the anatomical situations and can be selected as the "unique" suture for
      sterility surgery (calibers 7 X 0 or 8 X 0). Our opinion is based on:
      Experimental findings coming from a personal work concerning 60 anastomosis on
      the uterine horn of the female rate. Critical analysis of previous
      experimentations done by other authors. The results of our personal practice in
      more of 1.400 salpingoplasties and 150 operations in the seminal genital ductus.

PMID- 3385163
TI  - [Version by external maneuvers in breech presentations. Analysis of 6 years'
      practice in the maternity department of Foch Hospital].
AB  - The authors report their experience over 6 years of carrying out external
      cephalic version (ECV) in breech presentations. The precautions that have to be
      observed during the manoeuvre have been described as well as the contra
      indications to it. Analysing the outcome in deliveries and the state of the
      infants at birth after version and when version has not been carried out shows
      the value of this manoeuvre in terms of "economy" of the caesarean section rate
      and lessening in the number of breech deliveries. Evidence is shown of the good
      results that have been obtained and of the small level of complications.
      Prognostic factors for failure or of success of the version have been sought.
      Only multiparity has been confirmed as a factor that helps greatly. Contra
      indications have to be looked at carefully to make sure that this manoeuvre stays
      innocuous. Finally the ways our practice and the results of attempts at ECV have
      been analysed throughout the 6 year period.

PMID- 3385164
TI  - [Comment on the necessity of accepting the practice of "reinjection during
      peridural anesthesia" by midwives in obstetric practice. Justification of
      supplemental training for midwives].

PMID- 3385165
TI  - [Reinjections for peridural anesthesia: who does (should do) what?].

PMID- 3385166
TI  - Is medical care different? Old questions, new answers.
AB  - This paper examines whether changes in medical markets may be making them more
      like other markets. The emergence of HMOs and other managed care systems appears
      to have increased the consumer's potential ability to make better comparative
      judgments about the price and quality of medical care, and also seems to have
      made medical care more like other goods. However, the evidence that medical care
      is a "reputation good" suggests that it is, in this respect, different from other
      goods. Finally, the social concerns about medical care use necessarily make
      medical care different.

PMID- 3385167
TI  - Competition among physicians, revisited.
AB  - Ten years ago we developed a model of demand inducement in the physician services
      market and explored the properties of that model. We found that predictions
      concerning physicians' prices, workloads, and income were ambiguous and in many
      cases were consistent with those derived from a standard monopoly pricing model.
      Spurred in part by our work, numerous empirical studies of the demand inducement
      model have been conducted. These studies found little evidence of demand
      inducement for primary care physician services. Demand inducement may exist in
      the market for surgical services, but its extent is less than previously
      estimated. We disagree with those who say that physicians generate demand to
      avoid price controls and that national health care spending is proportional to
      the number of physicians; the evidence does not support these arguments.
      Substantial uncertainty may surround the physician's choice of diagnosis and
      treatment mode. However, this does not imply a breakdown of the agency
      relationship. In this paper we extend our earlier model of demand inducement to
      include variations in the quantity of services (which was previously assumed to
      be less than socially ideal). Using the model, we conclude that the major
      objection to government price setting is not that physicians will get around the
      controls by inducing demand; rather, price controls result in a quantity and
      quality of physicians' services that is not ideal and may be inferior to those
      provided in an unregulated monopoly.

PMID- 3385168
TI  - Has the erosion of the medical marketplace ended?
AB  - This paper updates tests of the validity of three models of medical price
      inflation: a standard model, in which changes in demand press against inelastic
      supply; a dynamic version of the standard model, in which high levels of
      insurance induce high rates of product innovation and development; and a model of
      increasing inefficiency, in which consumers have weak incentives to search out
      efficient suppliers. Earlier statistical support for the third model has
      weakened, which provides some evidence that the regulatory and competitive
      initiatives of the last decade are having their intended effects. But time series
      measures of medical prices upon which the statistical evidence relies have
      important methodological problems, so other types of evidence are useful. Trends
      in expenditure in other countries and in HMOs suggest that the most important
      explanation of medical price inflation is the dynamic version of the standard
      model, although the other models have some validity as well.

PMID- 3385169
TI  - Managed competition of alternative delivery systems.
AB  - The markets for health insurance and health care are not naturally competitive:
      they are susceptible to many forms of market failure. Health plans and consumers
      may use strategies that lead to inequity and inefficiency. But experience with
      successful models of competition suggests that tools are available to enable
      sponsors (active collective agents on the demand side who contract with health
      plans to structure and manage competition) to use competition to achieve a
      reasonable degree of efficiency and equity for their sponsored populations. All
      this implies a more complex, dynamic, and sophisticated view of competition than
      one usually finds in apologia for free markets. A free market is not possible in
      health insurance.

PMID- 3385170
TI  - A retrospective review of the relationship between facial fractures, head
      injuries, and cervical spine injuries.
AB  - Facial fractures are common in the multiply-traumatized patient, and the results
      of previous studies that have examined the relationship between facial fractures,
      cervical spine injuries, and head injuries have produced conflicting results. A
      retrospective review of 1,050 blunt-trauma patients during a 40-month period at a
      regional trauma unit revealed 168 patients with facial fractures. The average
      injury severity score (ISS) of these patients with facial fractures was 31
      compared with an average ISS of 25.6 for the entire group. There were 266 facial
      fractures in these 168 patients: mandible (n = 72), maxilla (n = 74), zygoma (n =
      52), orbital (n = 46), nasoethmoidal (n = 20), and frontal (n = 2). There were
      seven (4%) cervical spine injuries, three of which were atlanto-occipital
      subluxations in patients who ultimately died. Of the four surviving patients, one
      had a cord injury. In contrast, 145 (85%) showed evidence of head injuries; 64
      (38%) of these head injuries were serious and 17 of these patients required
      craniotomy. The relationship of facial fractures and cervical spine injuries may
      be over emphasized; head injuries, although frequently minor, are much more
      commonly associated with facial fractures.

PMID- 3385171
TI  - Severe frontal sinus barotrauma in an airline passenger: a case report and
      review.
AB  - The problems of sinus barotrauma in air travelers have received little attention
      in the literature of emergency medicine. Presented here is a report of severe
      (Grade III) frontal sinus barotrauma in an airline passenger. The pathophysiology
      and treatment of frontal sinus barotrauma are reviewed. Emergency physicians
      should strongly consider a diagnosis of sinus barotrauma in patients who present
      with symptoms of sinusitis and a history of recent flight.

PMID- 3385172
TI  - Toxicodynamic approach to management of the poisoned patient.
AB  - We recommend a toxicodynamic approach to the management of the poisoned patient.
      We define the period between ingestion and onset of toxic manifestations
      (clinical or laboratory) as the preclinical phase, during which the management of
      the patient necessarily depends solely on the history of ingestion and the
      predicted toxicity. In the toxic phase during which the patient shows clinical or
      laboratory evidence of toxicity, the history, clinical status (signs, symptoms,
      drug levels, laboratory parameters), and toxicodynamics should guide the therapy.
      In the resolution phase, when the patient shows clinical improvement and
      declining drug levels, treatment should be based on clinical status.
      Gastrointestinal decontamination is critical in the first two phases and may be
      of value during the resolution phase until the body drug burden declines to safe
      levels. We recommend an aggressive approach to gastrointestinal decontamination,
      especially in the preclinical phase. With a history of a potentially toxic
      ingestion of an absorbable drug, an observation period until passage of a
      charcoal-laden stool should be achieved before discharge of the patient.

PMID- 3385173
TI  - Criteria for admitting patients with tricyclic antidepressant overdose.
AB  - Several investigators have recently developed guidelines for determining which
      patients with tricyclic antidepressant overdose should be hospitalized. The width
      of the QRS complex on the ECG and several clinical parameters have been proposed
      to identify patients at risk for major complications. To validate these, we
      developed an algorithm and then applied it to 45 patients who had overdosed on
      tricyclic antidepressants. This algorithm correctly predicted which patients
      required admission, whether due to present or impending complications, and which
      patients could have been discharged without morbidity or mortality. We conclude
      that use of the modified algorithm can identify patients with tricyclic
      antidepressant overdose who can be safely discharged from the emergency
      department.

PMID- 3385174
TI  - Electrocardiographic findings in infective endocarditis.
AB  - Management of infective endocarditis includes early recognition of complications
      and prompt intervention when necessary to avert an untoward result. Among the
      most serious potential complications of this disorder are those that involve the
      heart itself. Although the ECG is often normal or nearly so in patients with
      endocarditis, at other times apparently minor abnormalities may be harbingers of
      potentially fatal complications. The ECG therefore plays an important role in the
      initial and ongoing evaluation of patients in whom endocarditis is suspected.

PMID- 3385175
TI  - External jugular vein cannulation and its use for CVP monitoring.
AB  - The techniques of external jugular vein (EJV) cannulation and central venous
      pressure (CVP) catheter placement using a J-tipped wire guide is described in
      detail. This technique has a high success rate with virtually no complications.

PMID- 3385176
TI  - Late vascular perforations by CVP catheter tips.
AB  - Late perforations of vascular structures by central venous pressure (CVP)
      catheter tips are unusual, but potentially lethal, complications. The two
      principal syndromes caused by such perforations are described, and methods of
      prevention and treatment are outlined.

PMID- 3385177
TI  - Participating in the system: insurance screening cannot be tolerated.

PMID- 3385178
TI  - 911 and the emergency physician.

PMID- 3385179
TI  - Guidelines for intraosseous infusions.

PMID- 3385180
TI  - When an indigent patient needs a helicopter: a case report and an accepted
      institutional policy.
AB  - Emergency aeromedical systems have become an integral part of the practice of
      critical care medicine. These systems provide specialized care to the severely
      injured, including transport to the nearest trauma center with the highest level.
      Aeromedical physicians and nurses called to care for injured indigent patients,
      however, may be placed at odds with the financial interests of their institution.
      "Patient dumping" in aeromedicine may lead to ethical, legal, professional, and
      regulatory dilemmas for emergency professionals and health care institutions.
      Institutional policy for aeromedical transport of severely injured patients must
      be instituted, regardless of their ability to pay.

PMID- 3385181
TI  - Blood component therapy.
AB  - The emergency physician must have a solid understanding of the use of blood
      products. This article discusses how to order various blood products, problems
      with storage, when to administer them, what special equipment is necessary, and
      possible complications of their use. Special attention is paid to the many
      different components that are available for specific indications.

PMID- 3385182
TI  - Drug and alcohol withdrawal: methods for patient management.

PMID- 3385183
TI  - Diminished vision, polydipsia and polyuria in a 5-year-old boy.
      Craniopharyngioma.

PMID- 3385184
TI  - Mitral valve repair for mitral regurgitation and intraoperative color flow
      echocardiography.

PMID- 3385185
TI  - Medical ethics and the geriatric patient: whether or not to resuscitate.

PMID- 3385186
TI  - Common myths about sleep and the elderly.

PMID- 3385187
TI  - Post-polio syndrome.

PMID- 3385188
TI  - The Indiana Birth Problems Registry. Identification and support for special birth
      problems.

PMID- 3385189
TI  - Who and what is black and why?

PMID- 3385190
TI  - Indiana's medical malpractice act: an overview.

PMID- 3385191
TI  - Precise patient accounting.

PMID- 3385192
TI  - Enzyme histochemical demonstration of NADH dehydrogenase on resin-embedded
      tissue.
AB  - We describe a method for enzyme histochemical demonstration of NADH dehydrogenase
      in cold (4 degrees C)-processed resin-embedded tissue. The effects on NADH
      dehydrogenase activity of processing tissue through a variety of dehydrating
      agents and embedding in three different acrylic resins were evaluated. The
      optimal procedure to maintain NADH dehydrogenase activity used a short (3-hr)
      fixation in 1% paraformaldehyde solution, followed by dehydration in acetone and
      embedding in glycol methacrylate resin. Embedding of tissue in resin combined
      preservation and accurate localization of NADH dehydrogenase activity with good
      tissue morphology. Blocks of the resin-embedded tissue could be stored at room
      temperature for at least 6 months without loss of NADH dehydrogenase activity.

PMID- 3385193
TI  - Gold probe choice in simultaneous detection of human lymphocyte surface antigens
      at the ultrastructural level.
AB  - A double immunogold-labeling method in immunoelectron microscopy was used for
      simultaneous detection of two antigens by monoclonal antibodies [OKT 8 (CD 8),
      anti-Leu-7, anti-Leu-11b (CD 16)] on lymphocytes in suspension. The combination
      of gold probe size (5 nm and 15 nm) and monoclonal antibody was found to be
      decisive for detecting double-labeled cells with the OKT 8+, Leu-11b+ phenotype.
      The combinations of OKT 8 labeled with the 5-nm gold probe (OKT 8(5] and anti-Leu
      11b with the 15-nm gold probe (Leu-11b15) gave double-labeled cells; the reverse
      situation, using OKT 8 with a 15-nm gold probe (OKT 8(15] and anti-Leu-11b with a
      5-nm gold probe (Leu-11b5), did not. Double-labeled OKT 8+, Leu-7+ cells were
      detected irrespective of which gold probe combination was applied. Our findings
      indicate that although the double immunogold-labeling method is well suited for
      study of lymphocyte subsets, it is important to determine suitable combinations
      of gold probe sizes and monoclonal antibodies for the lymphocyte subset under
      study, taking into account surface antigen density, so that double labeling
      ensues.

PMID- 3385194
TI  - [Neuroglia-form cells in the visual cortex of the rat].
AB  - Neuroglia-form cells have been examined in visual cortex of the rat in Golgi
      Kopsch-preparations. These small neurons with strictly local and dense dendritic
      and axonal plexuses are present in all cortical layers. Neuroglia-form cells of
      the rat are identical with the same neuronal types described by previous authors
      in cortical areas of other species, guinea pig, cat, monkey and in man.

PMID- 3385195
TI  - Afferent fiber connections from the raphe nuclei to the cerebellar paramedian
      lobule. A histochemical study in the rabbit utilizing horseradish peroxidase as a
      retrograde marker.
AB  - The distribution of labelled cells within the raphe nuclei has been studied after
      iontophoretic injections of horseradish peroxidase into various folia of the
      cerebellar paramedian lobule. Retrogradely marked neurons of all sizes and shapes
      were found in more caudally located raphe nuclei: obscurus, pallidus, magnus and
      pontis, as well as single neurons in nucleus centralis superior and dorsal raphe
      nucleus. The nuclei raphe pontis and obscurus send the greatest number of fibers
      to the paramedian lobule. Most of the projection takes origin from raphe neurons
      located in midline and ipsilaterally. Folia c and d are the recipients of most
      afferents from the raphe nuclei (pallidus, obscurus, pontis, magnus). On the
      other hand, folia f and e appear to receive contribution from nuclei raphe pontis
      and pallidus, while folia a and b from nuclei obscurus and magnus. Additionally
      single neurons in nucleus raphe dorsalis contribute to the projection onto the
      folia f and e, and from nucleus centralis superior to the folia c, d and
      occasionally to the sublobule a. The studies are discussed in relation to other
      investigations of afferent-efferent connections and already known functional role
      of the raphe nuclei.

PMID- 3385196
TI  - The changes of enzymatic activity in blood vessel walls of rat brain during
      extrauterine development. Histophotometric studies.
AB  - The investigations of acylohydrolase acylocholine (cholinesterase) enzymatic
      activity in the brain vessels walls were performed during extrauterine ontogenic
      development on 3rd, 7th, 14th, 21st, 28th, 40th and 60th days of life and in the
      18 months old rats using Koelle method. Objective evaluation of histoenzymatic
      reaction intensity is rather difficult because of subjective factors and
      technical problems. Therefore, our estimations were performed by the use of
      microscopic unit "Morphoquant" produced by CARL ZEISS Jena factory and coupled
      with a KSR 4100 ROBOTRON computer. The measurements on 50 fields from parietal
      cortex or callosal corpus were executed using white light. The area of a single
      measuring field was 4,200 micron2. The results of measurements were expressed as
      the percentage of the measured field area occupated by blood vessels with
      positive ChE reaction in their walls. The results indicate that the amount of
      blood vessels with positive ChE reaction during the whole postnatal development
      is increasing. In particular, a very intense increase in the amount of vessels
      with ChE reaction take place between 7th to 14th days of extrauterine life. In
      the white matter of callosal corpus a very strong increase in the blood vessels
      amount with positive ChE reaction is visible between 21st and 28th days of life.
      In the brains of 18 months old rats a decrease in the positive blood vessels
      amount was noted. When compared to the parietal cortex, this decrease was higher
      in corpus callosum. From 40th day of life the amount of blood vessels with
      positive histoenzymatic reaction for ChE was higher in the grey matter than in
      the white matter.

PMID- 3385197
TI  - Neurons in the basal forebrain complex of the rat: a Golgi study.
AB  - Several types of neurons are coexistent in the basal forebrain nuclear complex of
      the rat. In the medial septum and vertical limb of the diagonal band 3 classes of
      neurons occur which are characterized by varicose dendrites. In the horizontal
      limb of the diagonal band neurons with smooth dendrites and those with varicose
      dendrites are intermingled. We found 3 classes of neurons in the nucleus
      preopticus magnocellularis. A giant type with smooth and varicose dendrites
      occurs in this nucleus, but also in the substantia innominata. In the substantia
      innominata-nucleus basalis complex 4 classes of neurons with varicose dendrites
      and 2 classes with spiny dendrites have been observed. Our findings suggest that
      the nucleus of the vertical limb of the diagonal band forms a unit with the
      nucleus septi medialis, but is separated from the nucleus of the horizontal limb
      of the diagonal band by different neuronal composition. The nucleus preopticus
      magnocellularis is a separate nuclear structure characterized by a content of
      neurons different from those in the horizontal limb of the diagonal band and in
      most components also from the substantia innominata-nucleus basalis complex.
      There is some evidence that the cholinergic neurons have to be searched among
      those with varicose dendrites.

PMID- 3385198
TI  - Connections of the tectum opticum in two urodeles, Salamandra salamandra and
      Bolitoglossa subpalmata, with special reference to the nucleus isthmi.
AB  - Tectal connections were studied in two urodele species following horseradish
      peroxidase injections into the tectum opticum. In both species retrogradely
      labelled cells were observed: ipsilaterally in the corpus striatum, lateral
      amygdala, ventral and dorsal thalamus and nucleus of DARKSCHEWITSCH--bilaterally
      in the pretectal nucleus, dorsal tegmentum and nucleus reticularis medius-
      contralaterally in the tectum opticum and area octavo lateralis. Besides these
      nuclei the nucleus isthmi was bilaterally labelled. Rostral efferent projections
      of the tectum opticum terminated in the ipsilateral pretectal area and the
      ipsilateral dorsal and ventral thalamus ipsilaterally coursing to the
      contralateral tectum via the commissura postoptica. Caudal efferents formed the
      bilaterally organized tecto-bulbar tracts innervating the rhombencephalon.
      Comparison of the results of a series of tectal horseradish peroxidase injections
      differing in depth, tangential extension and location, indicated that tectal
      afferents from the telencephalon, the contralateral tectum opticum and the
      medulla were sparse and widely branching. Projections of the telencephalon and
      all diencephalic nuclei terminated deep in the rostral tectum opticum.
      Projections of the medulla terminated preferentially deep in the caudal tectum
      opticum. The tecto-isthmic projection was highly topographic forming a layered
      terminal field lateral to the nucleus isthmi. The isthmo-tectal projection
      innervated the whole tectum opticum on the ipsilateral side and was highly
      topographic. On the contralateral side the caudal part of the tectum opticum was
      not innervated. The isthmo-tectal fibers terminated superficially in the tectum
      opticum on both sides of the brain. The nucleus isthmi identified here is
      proposed to be homologe to that of other vertebrates.

PMID- 3385199
TI  - An EM and Golgi study on the connection between the nucleus tegmenti
      pedunculopontinus and the pars compacta of the substantia nigra in the rat.
AB  - The present study provides evidence of a synaptic contact between terminals of
      pedunculopontine neurons and cells of substantia nigra pars compacta (SNPC) in
      the rat. Three types of projective neurons observed in Golgi stained preparations
      of the pedunculopontine region might be the source of this afferent pathway to
      the substantia nigra. These PPN projective neurons were small, medium and large
      sized cells. After placing a small electrolytic lesion into the pedunculopontine
      area two types of degenerated terminals were found in the SNPC, a small and a
      larger one. These degenerated terminals contained round synaptic vesicles, thus
      suggesting that the pedunculopontine input to the SNPC is monosynaptic and
      excitatory in nature.

PMID- 3385200
TI  - Exaggerated blood pressure responses to submaximal exercise in normotensive
      adolescents with a family history of hypertension.
AB  - Twenty-four adolescent boys with a positive and 40 boys with a negative parental
      history of hypertension (PH+ and PH-, respectively) were studied at rest and
      during exercise on a bicycle ergometer at work loads ranging from 25 to 150 W.
      Each group was divided into fit and unfit categories on the basis of oxygen
      consumption at a heart rate (HR) of 150 beats/min. Blood pressure (BP) at rest
      averaged 114.2/68.8 mmHg in the PH+ group and 110.9/70.3 mmHg in the PH- group.
      Age and body weight did not differ between subgroups, although resting HR was
      lower in fit than in unfit subjects (P less than 0.01). Oxygen consumption
      increased with exercise but did not differ between groups at any work level.
      However, systolic BP was significantly higher in the PH+ group than in the PH-
      group at both 100 W (163.1 +/- 12.3 versus 156.7 +/- 12.2 mmHg) and 150 W (174.3
      +/- 12.5 versus 166.6 +/- 10.4 mmHg, P less than 0.05). These results suggest
      that the exaggerated BP responses to exercise, characteristic of hypertensive
      patients, may be present in normotensive adolescents with an increased risk of
      developing the disorder, and may reflect pathophysiological changes that precede
      sustained BP elevation.

PMID- 3385201
TI  - Blood pressure and hypertension in middle-aged British men.
AB  - Blood pressure measurements in 7735 middle-aged men from general practices in 24
      towns in England, Wales and Scotland provide information on the prevalence of
      hypertension and its management in Great Britain. Despite a substantial
      correlation (r = 0.70) between systolic and diastolic blood pressures,
      individuals can show considerable discrepancies between these two measurements;
      they are not interchangeable. This observation has important implications for the
      choice of criteria used to define hypertension. However defined, the prevalence
      of hypertension increases markedly with age, increasing body mass index and with
      heavy alcohol consumption. It is not related to smoking and only to a small
      extent to social class. Diastolic hypertension (greater than or equal to 90 mmHg)
      was present in 26% and systolic hypertension (greater than or equal to 160 mmHg)
      in 22% of these men. In both systolic and diastolic hypertension, only one
      quarter of affected men could recall having been diagnosed as hypertensive by a
      doctor, and only one third of these were on regular antihypertensive treatment.
      There is a threefold variation in the prevalence of measured hypertension in the
      24 towns with a trend towards higher rates in Northern England and Scotland. No
      relationship was seen between the prevalence rates of measured hypertension in
      the towns and the rates of doctor diagnosis of hypertension. Cardiovascular
      mortality rates in the towns were correlated with the measured prevalence rates
      for systolic and diastolic hypertension (r = 0.70 and r = 0.57, respectively).
      The geographic variations in blood pressure and hypertension in Great Britain
      provide a major opportunity for research into the causes of 'essential'
      hypertension.

PMID- 3385202
TI  - Observer bias in blood pressure studies.
AB  - Observer variation in blood pressure measurement following training with standard
      techniques has been investigated in a study of 7735 middle-aged men. The initial
      training produced consistent results between observers, but there were
      progressive deteriorations in the ensuing months. Subsequent re-training led to
      marked though inconsistent reductions in variation, but within 1 or 2 months,
      observers reverted back to an individual level of bias. The magnitude of observer
      variation is in line with the few other published accounts, and is sufficient to
      have important implications for group comparisons, clinical trials, and the
      clinical care of individual patients. Four methods of reducing observer variation
      are considered: regular re-training, self-measurement and ambulatory monitoring,
      automatic sphygmomanometers, and adjustment in the analysis. The adjustment
      procedure used in the British Regional Heart Study is described. Regular and
      frequent re-training with monitoring of performance, or the use of automatic
      machines are presently considered the two most practical methods of reducing
      observer variation.

PMID- 3385203
TI  - Sex difference in pressor responsiveness to vasopressin and baroreflex function
      in DOC-salt hypertensive rats.
AB  - This study was undertaken to investigate further the possible role of vasopressin
      in the sexual dimorphism of deoxycorticosterone (DOC)-salt hypertension. The
      study was carried out 3 weeks after initiating treatment with DOC and salt in
      uninephrectomized male and female rats. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was lower in
      female than in male DOC-salt hypertensive rats (177 +/- 7 versus 198 +/- 4 mmHg;
      P less than 0.01). Mean arterial pressure did not differ between male and female
      normotensive control rats. Increases in MAP in response to graded i.v. infusions
      of vasopressin were markedly attenuated in female normotensive and hypertensive
      rats, but there was no sex difference in pressor responses to i.v. phenylephrine.
      Baroreflex sensitivity was reduced in both male and female DOC-salt rats, but to
      a greater extent in males (P less than 0.01). Diminished pressor responsiveness
      to vasopressin and a smaller impairment of baroreflex sensitivity may contribute
      to the reduced development of DOC-salt hypertension in female rats.

PMID- 3385204
TI  - Rapid reversal of circadian blood pressure rhythm in shift workers.
AB  - The blood pressure and heart rates of seven normotensive shift workers were
      monitored automatically for 24 h with a non-invasive ambulatory method on 3
      different days. The first monitoring session took place at the end of an ordinary
      work period of morning shifts, the second on the first day of a period of night
      shifts, and the third on the last day of a period of night shifts. The circadian
      blood pressure rhythm, which showed a normal pattern during the daytime work
      shift, was totally reversed from the first day of the night shift. The blood
      pressure rhythm closely followed the sleep-wakefulness cycle. The changes in
      circadian heart rate rhythm were not as pronounced as those in blood pressure but
      showed a similar trend.

PMID- 3385205
TI  - Mechanisms of partial renal infarct hypertension.
AB  - Contributions of both the renin-angiotensin and immune systems to the aetiology
      of renal infarct hypertension were examined in Sprague-Dawley rats. Partial renal
      infarction was produced by ligating and sectioning two out of three branches of
      the left renal artery. The right kidney remained intact. Renal infarction
      resulted in rapid development of stable hypertension. One week following
      infarction, the plasma renin activity (PRA) increased more than threefold.
      However, PRA returned to control levels 4 weeks after infarction. Chronic
      immunosuppressive therapy with cyclophosphamide at most only attenuated the
      development of renal infarct hypertension associated with this transient renin
      elevation. However, cyclophosphamide prevented the later maintenance phase of the
      hypertension, and could also completely reverse established infarct hypertension.
      Activation of the renin-angiotensin system plays a role in the onset of partial
      renal infarct hypertension, but an intact immune system is required for
      maintenance of the hypertension. It is hypothesized that immunological reactions
      against renal tissue maintain renal infarct hypertension.

PMID- 3385206
TI  - Middle cerebral artery occlusion in the hypertensive and normotensive rat: a
      study of histopathology and behaviour.
AB  - Brain infarct size and behaviour were studied in spontaneously hypertensive rats
      (SHR) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) 3 weeks after occlusion of the
      right middle cerebral artery in order to compare the effects of vascular
      occlusions on the normotensive and hypertensive cerebral vasculature. The brain
      tissue reduction, assessed by measuring the cross-sectional area of remaining
      tissue and weight of the cerebral hemispheres, was greater in SHR than in WKY (P
      less than 0.01). Deficits in sensorimotor integration were highly correlated to
      the degree of brain damage (r = 0.91). Amphetamine induced no rotation asymmetry
      in normal rats, whereas lesioned rats rotated more ipsilaterally to the lesion (P
      less than 0.05). Rotation asymmetry did not correlate with total infarct size.
      The more severe outcome after middle cerebral artery occlusion in SHR as opposed
      to WKY, can probably be explained by reduced collateral capacity secondary to the
      altered vascular design in hypertension.

PMID- 3385207
TI  - Haemodynamic response to magnesium administration in mineralocorticoid-salt and
      two-kidney, one clip renovascular hypertension.
AB  - Recent interest has centred on the role of divalent cations in hypertension,
      particularly in relation to the renin-angiotensin system. This study was
      undertaken to determine the hypotensive effect of magnesium administration in
      relation to the state of activation of the renin-angiotensin system. The mean
      blood pressure (MBP) and heart rate (HR) response to either the acute intravenous
      administration of a pharmacological dose of MgSO4 or vehicle was determined in
      conscious mineralocorticoid-salt (DOCA-salt, low-renin) and two-kidney, one clip
      renovascular, high-renin hypertensive rats. Baseline MBP was higher in the
      renovascular than in the DOCA-salt rats, while there was no difference in HR or
      serum Mg concentration between the two. Following administration of MgSO4, serum
      Mg increased equally in both the DOCA-salt (1.4 +/- 0.8 to 4.9 +/- 0.16 mEq/l; P
      less than 0.001) and in the renovascular rats (1.8 +/- 0.14 to 4.4 +/- 0.27
      mEq/l; P less than 0.001). Magnesium administration significantly lowered MBP
      over the 1-h infusion in the DOCA-salt (167 +/- 8 to 145 +/- 5 mmHg, P less than
      0.001) but not the renovascular hypertensive rats (191 +/- 5 to 183 +/- 4, NS).
      We conclude that the blood pressure lowering effect of Mg is related, in part, to
      the state of activation of the renin-angiotensin system. The mechanism of this
      differential effect remains to be determined.

PMID- 3385208
TI  - Adverse effect of chronic alcohol ingestion on cardiac performance in
      spontaneously hypertensive rats.
AB  - We have compared the cardiac performance of four groups of rats: normotensive
      control rats (NCR) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) not drinking
      alcohol, and NCR and SHR drinking 20% alcohol (NCR-A and SHR-A, respectively),
      over a period of 6-9 months.

PMID- 3385209
TI  - Calcium and sodium transport in the duodenum of the Dahl salt sensitive and salt
      resistant rat.
AB  - We measured food intake, body growth and transport of calcium and sodium by
      duodenum of female Dahl salt sensitive (DS) and salt resistant (DR) rat strains.
      Food intake and body growth were similar for DS and DR rats taking both 0.4 and
      8% sodium chloride diets. Food intake increased with age up to 5 weeks and then
      remained constant despite continuing body growth. Comparing DS and DR rats fed
      the 0.4% sodium chloride diet at 6 and 11 weeks or the 8% sodium chloride diet at
      6 weeks, transport of calcium and sodium were the same in both the DS and DR
      groups. Transport of calcium, but not sodium, was lower at 11 than at 6 weeks.
      Comparing simultaneous feeding of either 0.4 or 8% sodium chloride diets to 6
      week old DS and DR rat strains, transport of calcium tended to be lower in
      animals fed the 8% as compared to the 0.4% sodium chloride diet, and the
      difference was significant for net 40Ca transport for DR rats. The DS rat fed on
      8% sodium chloride had higher systolic blood pressure (SBP) than the DR rat. We
      conclude that growing DS and DR rats, ingesting equal amounts of food, do not
      differ in duodenal calcium and sodium transport measured by the everted sac
      technique. The response to feeding sodium chloride differs between strains: the
      high salt diet decreases net 40Ca transport in the DR but not the DS strain.

PMID- 3385210
TI  - The monocyte differentiation antigen, CD14, is anchored to the cell membrane by a
      phosphatidylinositol linkage.
AB  - CD14 is a myeloid differentiation Ag expressed primarily on peripheral blood
      monocytes and macrophages. Although its function is unknown, the CD14 gene maps
      to a region encoding several myeloid growth factors and receptors. Analysis of
      the CD14 protein sequence deduced from the cDNA shows that although the CD14
      protein contains a characteristic leader peptide, it lacks a characteristic
      transmembrane region, suggesting that CD14 may be anchored to the membrane via
      glycosylphosphatidylinositol (PI). Treatment of monocytes as well as a CD14
      expressing neuroglioma cell line with PI-phospholipase C removed CD14 from the
      cell surface. Furthermore, monocytes from a patient with paroxysmal nocturnal
      hemoglobinuria, a disease characterized by lack of expression of other PI-linked
      proteins, failed to express CD14. Interestingly, the CD14-expressing neuroglioma
      cell line, which had been transfected with a single CD14 cDNA, released a soluble
      form of CD14 into the supernatant. Soluble forms of CD14 have previously been
      observed in serum of normal individuals and in culture supernatants of CD14+
      cells. Biosynthetic experiments reveal that this soluble form of CD14 (48 kDa),
      which is smaller than the form released from the membrane by PI-phospholipase C
      (53 kDa), does not contain ethanolamine, the first constitutent of the PI
      anchoring system. These studies demonstrate that CD14 is a member of the family
      of PI-anchored proteins and suggest that soluble forms of CD14 represent
      molecules that completely lack the PI-anchoring system.

PMID- 3385211
TI  - Modulation of stimulus-dependent human platelet activation by C-reactive protein
      modified with active oxygen species.
AB  - C-reactive protein (CRP) is one of the most characteristic acute phase proteins
      which appear in the serum during certain inflammatory diseases. We report here
      that human CRP acquired the ability to augment platelet reactivity when treated
      with an Fe2+ (Cu2+)-ascorbate system. CRP modified by such treatment showed no
      appreciable activation of platelets in the absence of platelet activators such as
      platelet-activating factor, thrombin, or ADP. However, in the presence of the
      modified-CRP, irreversible activation of platelets occurred with sub-optimal
      doses of platelet-activating factor and other stimulatory agents for platelets.
      CRP without any treatment did not show any modulating activity. Each component of
      the Fe2+-ascorbate system was required for modification of CRP, suggesting that
      CRP was modified through an oxidative process. The modification of the CRP
      structure was confirmed by the change in the fluorescence spectrum of 8-anilino-1
      naphthalene sulfonate complexed with CRP, the increased susceptibility of CRP to
      proteolytic enzymes and the altered reactivity to anti-CRP mAb. We also found an
      inactivating system for the modified CRP in plasma. The modified human CRP did
      not show any modulating activity toward rabbit platelets, suggesting that the
      activity is species specific.

PMID- 3385212
TI  - Biochemical and structural properties of a Hodgkin's disease-related membrane
      protein.
AB  - The HeFi-1 mAb recognizes a membrane protein on Hodgkin's disease cells and on a
      limited number of other human cells that are either tumorigenically transformed
      or virally activated. Herein biochemical and structural analyses of the HeFi-1
      reactive membrane protein (HRMP) were done to identify its potential importance
      in cellular transformation in the Hodgkin's disease cell line L428, in the T cell
      lymphoma line HuT 78, and in several EBV-transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines.
      Immunoprecipitation studies demonstrated that the mature form of the HRMP had an
      apparent Mr of 120 kDa in tumor cells and 116 kDa in the EBV-transformed cell
      lines and that it was phosphorylated at both serine and tyrosine residues in all
      cell lines tested. The precursor to the HRMP is an 86-kDa core protein that,
      after processing by high mannose N-linked glycosylation, migrates with an
      apparent Mr of 90 kDa. This protein is then further processed to the mature 120
      kDa HRMP in part by O-linked glycosylation, the addition of sialic acid residues,
      and by the conversion of N-linked oligosaccharides from the high mannose to the
      complex type. Detectable amounts of the 90-kDa molecule can be found in the
      membrane and, although this protein can be phosphorylated in vitro, it is not
      phosphorylated in intact cells. The combined results of this study suggest that
      the HRMP is involved in cellular metabolism and show that an unusual amount of
      post-translational processing of the 90-kDa precursor results in the formation,
      and perhaps phosphorylation, of the mature 120-kDa HRMP.

PMID- 3385213
TI  - Vitamin D, its precursors, and metabolites do not affect melanization of cultured
      human melanocytes.
AB  - Exposure of the skin to sunlight results in both tanning and vitamin D3
      production. It has therefore been suggested that vitamin D3 or its active
      metabolite 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 may be the mediator of UV-induced
      melanogenesis. To test this hypothesis, newborn foreskin-derived melanocytes were
      cultured in paired dishes in hormone-supplemented medium with 2% serum containing
      no detectable vitamin D3 or in the same medium containing 10(-8) or 10(-10) M of
      either provitamin D3, lumisterol, previtamin D3, vitamin D3, 25-hydroxyvitamin
      D3, or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. After 10 days, cell number in cultures
      containing vitamin D compounds was 93%-140% of unsupplemented controls and
      melanin content was 60%-120% of control, with no significant difference in either
      parameter for any compound tested. In separate experiments, human melanocytes and
      Cloudman S91 melanoma cells were repeatedly irradiated with physiologic doses of
      simulated sunlight and incubated between irradiations with provitamin D3,
      previtamin D3, vitamin D3, or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Irradiated cultures had a
      90%-95% inhibition of cell growth associated with a 200%-800% increase in melanin
      content per cell relative to controls, but there was no effect of any vitamin D
      compound on either cell type. Neither cultured human melanocytes nor S91 cells
      showed evidence of the cytosolic 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 receptor binding by
      sucrose density gradient analysis using radiolabeled 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3.
      The combined data strongly suggest that neither vitamin D3 nor its precursors or
      metabolites directly mediate melanogenesis in these cells.

PMID- 3385214
TI  - Bioavailability of topically administered steroids: a "mass balance" technique.
AB  - The percutaneous absorption of four steroids (hydrocortisone, estradiol,
      testosterone, and progesterone) has been measured in vivo in man under occluded
      and "protected" (i.e., covered, but non-occlusive) conditions. The experimental
      approach, involving simple modifications of standard radiochemical methodology,
      has enabled excellent "mass balance" and dose accountability to be achieved.
      Consequently, the utility of the procedure for the measurement of in vivo topical
      bioavailability can be inferred. In addition, because of the precision and
      accountability of the results, the technique offers a potential means to
      establish quantitative structure-penetration relationships for skin absorption in
      man. It was found that steroid absorption increased with increasing lipophilicity
      up to a point, but that penetration of progesterone (the most hydophobic analog
      studied) did not continue the trend and was at least partly rate-limited by slow
      interfacial transport at the stratum corneum-viable epidermis boundary.
      Comparison of data obtained from the occluded and "protected" experiments
      permitted the effect of occlusion (defined as the complete impairment of passive
      transepidermal water loss at the application site) to be assessed. Occlusion
      significantly increased percutaneous absorption of estradiol, testosterone, and
      progesterone but did not effect the penetration of hydrocortisone. A mechanism is
      proposed to explain why the absorption of the more lipophilic steroids is
      enhanced by occlusion but that of the most water-soluble (i.e., hydrocortisone)
      is not. It is suggested that the rate-determining role of the sequential steps
      involved in percutaneous absorption can be revealed by experiments of the type
      described using related series of homologous or analogous chemicals.

PMID- 3385215
TI  - Membrane structural alterations in murine stratum corneum: relationship to the
      localization of polar lipids and phospholipases.
AB  - During the formation of the mammalian epidermal permeability barrier, lipids are
      sequestered in the stratum corneum intercellular spaces, transforming from a
      relatively polar lipid mixture to predominantly nonpolar species. Certain lipid
      catabolic enzymes, which co-localize with these lipids, may regulate this
      process. In order to localize the sites within the outer epidermis where polar
      lipids are catabolized, and their relationship to the alterations in membrane
      structure that occur in these layers, we compared the biochemical localization of
      polar lipids, the ultrastructure, and freeze-fracture morphology, as well as the
      localization of phospholipases within the outer epidermis. Both histochemical
      staining of frozen sections and biochemical studies of protease- and tape
      stripped whole stratum corneum demonstrated small amounts of polar lipids in the
      stratum compactum, while in contrast, the stratum disjunctum was devoid of both
      phospholipids and glycosphingolipids. Phospholipase activity was present within
      lamellar bodies, among secreted lamellar body disks at the granular-cornified
      layer interface, and within the intercellular spaces of the stratum compactum.
      Both the depletion of polar lipids from the stratum compactum and deletion of
      these substances from the stratum disjunctum correlated with sequential changes
      in membrane structure observed by transmission electron microscopy and freeze
      fracture. Thus, a phospholipase-mediated attack on phospholipids (with a parallel
      assault by other lipid catabolic enzymes on other polar species), may induce both
      the initial fusion and elongation of lamellar body disks and the subsequent
      formation of the hydrophobic membrane bilayers found in the mid-to-outer stratum
      corneum. These studies also may require modification of traditional views of the
      stratum corneum as a metabolically inert tissue, revealing its intercellular
      lipid domains to be partially in an active state of flux.

PMID- 3385216
TI  - Percutaneous absorption of retinoids: influence of vehicle, light exposure, and
      dose.
AB  - The percutaneous absorption characteristics of isotretinoin, etretinate,
      tretinoin, and acitretin were investigated in vitro to assess the feasibility of
      their topical application for dermatological disorders. The influence of vehicle,
      photodegradation, and dose was examined. Retinoid absorption through monkey skin
      was highly vehicle dependent and followed the order: propylene glycol = isopropyl
      alcohol greater than mineral oil greater than diisopropyl adipate greater than
      polyethylene glycol 400. Peak flux of etretinate (an ester) was less than 50%
      that of the acid retinoids in both human and monkey skin. Exposure to light
      caused a 60% degradation of isotretinoin on the surface of the skin, but did not
      change the amount of drug which penetrated the epidermis. In accord with this
      result, the amount of isotretinoin and acitretin which penetrated epidermis did
      not increase in proportion to dose over a 25-fold range of dose in human skin.
      Dermal concentration at doses of 10 micrograms/cm2 of isotretinoin and acitretin
      were greater than that reported for shave biopsies of human skin following
      treatment for several months with clinically effective doses of isotretinoin and
      etretinate (the parent ester of the acid acitretin).

PMID- 3385217
TI  - Actions of platelet activating factor (PAF) homologues and their combinations on
      neutrophil chemokinesis and cutaneous inflammatory responses in man.
AB  - The inflammatory actions of synthetic C16:0 and C18:0 platelet activating factor
      (PAF) homologues, both alone and in combination, have been compared in an in
      vitro human neutrophil chemokinesis assay and by intradermal injection in human
      skin. In the chemokinesis assay, the maximum distance moved by neutrophils in the
      presence of C18:0 PAF was significantly greater than that seen with the C16:0
      compound. A mixture of C16:0 and C18:0 PAFs in a ratio of 1:9 appeared to be more
      active than in a ratio of 3:1. Intradermal injection of the C16:0 and C18:0 PAF
      homologues induced dose-dependent increases in weal volume and flare area
      responses which were not significantly different. Combination of these
      phospholipids in a ratio of 3:1 or 1:9 of C16:0:C18:0 did not significantly alter
      the dose response curves. Thus, changes in the chain length of the alkyl
      substituent of synthetic PAF homologues and combination of these homologues, in
      ratios found in vivo or formed by leukocytes in vitro, did not alter the
      cutaneous inflammatory responses to PAF in man. The C18:0 homologue was, however,
      more active as a human neutrophil chemoattractant in vitro.

PMID- 3385218
TI  - Free radical reduction by thioredoxin reductase.

PMID- 3385219
TI  - Recruitment of quiescent (G0) cells following epidermal injury is initiated by
      activation of the phosphoinositol cycle.

PMID- 3385220
TI  - Ischemic changes in the pancreas of Watanabe heritable hyper-lipidemic (WHHL)
      rabbits.
AB  - Arterial intimal thickening and thrombosis of the pancreatic artery has
      frequently been found in Watanabe heritable hyper-lipidemic (WHHL) rabbits. Three
      of the 20 rabbits used in this study showed histopathological findings such as
      intra- or inter-lobular fibrosis with lymphocytic infiltration, acinar
      degenerative changes, ductular proliferation and small ductal dilatations which
      were identical to those of human chronic pancreatitis. These findings were
      observed in discrete areas clearly demarcated from normal pancreatic parenchyma
      and adjacent to parenchymal necrosis. These discrete areas were developed just
      peripheral to regions of necrotic or inflammatory obstruction of the pancreatic
      duct, which might have been caused by parenchymal necrosis due to severe
      ischemia. The stasis of pancreatic juice in the ductal tree may result in such
      findings in the WHHL rabbit. Fat replacement of pancreatic parenchyma was
      observed in 17 of the 20 WHHL rabbits, and was classified into two types, diffuse
      and massive. Massive fat replacement may occur from fat necrosis and intra
      lobular parenchymal necrosis. Vascular alterations and secondary ischemia in the
      pancreas is one of the most important factors involved in the pancreatic lesions
      present in the WHHL rabbit.

PMID- 3385221
TI  - Hypovolemic shock, pancreatic blood flow, and pancreatitis.
AB  - Electromagnetic blood flow determinations were carried out on the superior
      pancreatic duodena (SPDA), the splenic (SA) and the superior mesenteric (SMA)
      arteries and compared to cardiac output (CO, thermodilution technique) in 12
      anesthetized dogs submitted to hypovolemic shock of various duration: 5 dogs
      underwent a one-hour and 7 a three-hour period of shock. A 50 mm Hg level of mean
      arterial blood pressure (MABP) was maintained throughout hypovolemia. Dogs were
      then reinfused. Control preshock values were 4.12 l/min for CO, 38.0 ml/min for
      SPDA, 405.9 ml/min for SA, and 963.6 ml/min for SMA. SPDA, SA and SMA flows
      expressed as % of CO amounted to 0.9, 9.8 and 23.4% respectively. No significant
      changes in SPDA and SMA flows were noted within the first hour of shock. However,
      from the end of the second hour on, both flows differed significantly (P less
      than 0.01), SMA increasing from -75.6% of its control value at the end of
      bleeding to -61.0%, and SPDA decreasing from -75.6 to -86.9%. Similar
      observations were made when respective flows were considered as % of CO. The SA
      behaved somewhat in an intermediate fashion. This relative spoliation in
      pancreatic blood supply as hypovolemia proceeds supports an ischemic etiology of
      acute pancreatitis (AP), which could account for some of the so-called idiopathic
      cases of AP.

PMID- 3385222
TI  - Interstitial thermoradiotherapy for recurrent or persistent tumours.
AB  - Between 1984 and 1986, 31 sites in 27 patients with biopsy proven tumours were
      treated with a combination of interstitial microwave hyperthermia (HT) and
      iridium 192 implants (RT). The 31 sites treated included fifteen (48 per cent)
      head and neck, six (20 per cent) breast, four (13 per cent) vagina and cervix,
      and six (20 per cent) others. All patients had prior surgery, RT, or
      chemotherapy. Of the 31 sites treated, 19 (61 per cent) had complete response
      (CR) with no recurrence in the volume treated. Additionally, eight patients
      remained free of tumour from 3 to 24 months. Partial response (PR) was seen in 11
      (36 per cent) sites while one (3 per cent) had lesser degree tumour regression.
      Tumour control rate correlated well with the dose of radiation, p = 0.02, and
      tumour volume, p = 0.02, but not with thermal dose. Treatment complications of
      significance occurred in one (3 per cent) site, which developed soft tissue
      necrosis. This study again has demonstrated the effectiveness of RT-HT
      combination in treatment of recurrent tumours.

PMID- 3385223
TI  - Determination of power deposition patterns for localized hyperthermia: a
      transient analysis.
AB  - A technique for calculating the power deposition patterns required to maintain a
      uniform temperature throughout a tumour by application of the steady-state
      bioheat transfer equation was reported previously. In this paper the previous
      analysis is extended to define the power deposition patterns that are required to
      uniformly raise (and maintain) the temperature throughout the tumour to
      hyperthermic levels. The power deposition patterns are derived from the time
      dependent bioheat transfer equation, and analytical results are developed for
      infinite half-space and spherical tumour models. A three-dimensional numerical
      method is presented which allows calculation of time-dependent power deposition
      patterns for arbitrarily shaped tumours. This method is applied to an example of
      a spherical tumour.

PMID- 3385225
TI  - Evaluation of thermoradiosensitization and transformation in C3H-10T1/2 cells
      induced into a thermotolerant state.
AB  - C3H-10T1/2 cells were induced to a thermotolerant state by heating at 41.0
      degrees C, 42.0 degrees C, 45.0 degrees C or by treatment with ethanol. As
      thermotolerance developed, cellular heat sensitivity and thermoradiosensitization
      decreased. Transformation was measured by scoring transformed foci as previously
      described (Raaphorst et al. 1986 a). Hyperthermia alone in normal and
      thermotolerant cells did not increase the transformation frequency above
      background levels. The level of transformation induced by irradiation increased
      up to three-fold as cells became thermotolerant. This was observed for
      thermotolerance induced by long-term heating at 41.0 degrees C or short acute
      heat treatments at 42.0 degrees C or 45.0 degrees C followed by incubation at
      37.0 degrees C. Treatment with ethanol also induced thermotolerance, and reduced
      radiosensitization and increased transformation in the thermotolerant state.

PMID- 3385224
TI  - Uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation does not induce thermotolerance in
      cultured Chinese hamster cells.
AB  - Two uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation, 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) and carbonyl
      cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), were tested for their ability to modify
      the survival of cultured Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) and Chinese hamster V79
      cells treated with hyperthermia. The uncouplers were used under conditions that
      inhibit oxidative ATP synthesis, as judged from measurements of cellular ATP
      levels. Incubation of CHO cells in glucose-free Hanks' balanced salt solution
      (HBSS) containing 1 mM DNP for 1 h at 37 degrees C followed by reincubation at 37
      degrees C in complete growth medium for 3 or 16 h, showed no substantial changes
      in the 45 degrees C heat survival curve as compared to heated cells not exposed
      to DNP. Thus, DNP treatment of CHO cells did not induce thermotolerance. Carbonyl
      cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), tested under similar experimental
      conditions, did alter cellular heat resistance. The major change in the 45
      degrees C survival curve of CHO cells pretreated with CCCP was an increase in the
      width of the shoulder: the Dq value increased from 14 min to 24 min, for the
      control and CCCP-treated cells respectively. The D0 value did not change
      appreciably. In contrast, heat-induced thermotolerance (10 min, 45 degrees C + 16
      h, 37 degrees C) was characterized primarily by an increase in the D0 parameter
      from 4 min (unheated cells) to 17 min. Similar results were observed with CCCP
      treated V79 cells. The data demonstrate that heat resistance induced by 1.2
      microM CCCP was manifest as an increased cellular capacity to accumulate and/or
      repair hyperthermia damage, rather than an induction of thermotolerance, and that
      this effect probably was not related to the action of CCCP as an uncoupler of
      oxidative phosphorylation.

PMID- 3385226
TI  - Thermoradiotherapy of malignant melanoma.
AB  - From 1978 through February 1986, 49 measurable lesions in 18 patients with
      recurrent primary or metastatic malignant melanomas were treated with a
      combination of radiation therapy and hyperthermia. The primary sites were head
      and neck (eight), chest wall (two), pelvis (one), upper extremities (three), and
      lower extremities (35). Because of the length of the study, the dose and
      fractionation of radiation therapy varied (dose per fraction from less than 400
      cGy to 800 cGy and a total dose of 2000 cGy to 6000 cGy). This variation was
      mostly dependent on the prior course of radiation therapy of these lesions. The
      hyperthermia technique used in these patients was superficial local microwave
      hyperthermia; a minority of patients were treated with ultrasound. Complete
      response was achieved in 29 lesions (59.2 per cent) and partial response in six
      lesions (12 per cent). In a separate analysis of 67 lesions with superficial
      malignant melanoma who were treated by radiation therapy alone, a 24 per cent
      complete response and a 34 per cent partial response were achieved. Detailed
      analyses are presented in regard to dose per fraction, total radiation dose, and
      the size of lesions.

PMID- 3385227
TI  - Microwave hyperthermia in the treatment of spontaneous canine tumours: an
      analysis of treatment parameters and tumour response.
AB  - Fifty-one spontaneous canine tumours were treated with combined radiation and
      hyperthermia in a pilot study designed to investigate the feasibility and
      efficacy of the combined modality treatment in the dog. The tumours varied in
      site and histological type: 35 were in the oral cavity and included squamous cell
      carcinoma, melanoma and various 'sarcomas'. All animals received radiation (36-40
      Gy in four weekly fractions) and post-irradiation hyperthermia (prescription -44
      degrees C for 30 min) on one or two occasions. The microwave hyperthermia system
      was technically satisfactory in elevating tumour temperature to 44 degrees C or
      above in 95 per cent of treatments. However, thermal gradients of the order of 3
      5 degrees C were frequently measured across the tumour, and rarely did all
      peripheral points achieve the target of 44 degrees C for 30 min. The overall
      tumour response rate (CR + PR) was 87.7 per cent with 60.7 per cent of tumours
      achieving complete regression. Smaller lesions showed a significantly greater
      response rate (P = 0.004) and those lesions which received two thermal treatments
      show an increased response (P = 0.0095). Fifty-one per cent of tumours showed
      significant necrosis following hyperthermia. Normal tissue necrosis was seen in
      three patients; in two cases this was attributed to hyperthermia. Local tumour
      control rate and necrosis was not correlated with measured minimum, mean or
      maximum thermal doses.

PMID- 3385228
TI  - The effect of hydralazine dose on blood perfusion changes during hyperthermia.
AB  - Experiments were performed to determine the dose-related effects of the
      intravenous administration of a vasodilator (hydralazine) on normal muscle blood
      perfusion during localized hyperthermia. Fourteen anaesthetized outbred canines
      were investigated, seven receiving the recommended dose level of 0.5 mg/kg and
      seven receiving one-quarter of that level. The changes in blood perfusion were
      estimated using two methods: calculation of an effective blood perfusion
      magnitude and the use of state and parameter estimation techniques. Both methods
      showed that the changes in blood perfusion induced by the hydralazine were
      significant, and that the differences between the results for the two drug doses
      were not significantly different. This suggests that low doses may be useful in
      humans, giving the same resultant blood perfusion increase but with a decreased
      patient risk relative to standard therapeutic doses of hydralazine. While the
      trends in the blood perfusion changes were the same for both calculation methods
      the effective perfusion method frequently yielded blood perfusion magnitudes
      significantly different from those obtained using the state and parameter
      estimation technique. The differences are postulated to be due to the fact that
      the effective perfusion values include conduction effects, thus overpredicting
      the amount of perfusion present. Thus, while the effective blood perfusion can be
      used as a qualitative indication of blood perfusion changes under certain
      conditions, we do not recommend its use as a quantitative measure of perfusion.

PMID- 3385229
TI  - Effects of exocrine pancreatic secretions on hyperthermic injury of rat small
      intestine.
AB  - The influence of the exocrine pancreatic secretions on development of small
      intestinal injury following localized hyperthermia was studied. In male Holtzman
      rats the excretory pancreatic ducts were occluded with metal hemostatic clips. An
      intraperitoneal injection of [3H]thymidine was given 3 weeks later. Three or 48 h
      after the injection a 10 cm segment of small intestine was exteriorized through a
      midline abdominal incision and heated at 38.0 degrees C, 42.5 degrees C, or 43.5
      degrees C for 45 min. Intestinal damage was assessed 24 h after hyperthermia. The
      following four endpoints were used: histopathological injury score, the number of
      villi per intestinal circumference, the number of labelled epithelial cells in
      fixed areas of autoradiographic specimens, and incorporation of [3H]thymidine as
      determined by liquid scintillation counting. The correlation of results among the
      four methods of assessment was highly significant. The autoradiography data
      showed better correlation with both morphological parameters than the results of
      liquid scintillation counting. There was significantly less damage in heated
      segments from pancreatic duct-occluded animals than in segments from sham
      operated controls. When hyperthermic injury was assessed morphologically the
      protection conferred by pancreatic duct occlusion was equivalent to lowering the
      temperature of heating by 1 degree C. It is concluded that morphological criteria
      may be superior to endpoints based on [3H]thymidine incorporation for assessment
      of hyperthermic injury in rat small intestine. Reducing the intraluminal
      pancreatic secretions appears to confer significant protection from small bowel
      injury after localized hyperthermia.

PMID- 3385230
TI  - The influence of tissue layering on microwave thermographic measurements.
AB  - Non-invasive thermal imaging and temperature measurement by microwave radiometry
      has been investigated for medical diagnostic applications and monitoring
      hyperthermia treatment of cancer, in the context of heterogeneous body structure.
      The temperature measured by a radiometer is a function of the emission and
      propagation of microwaves in tissue and the receiving characteristics of the
      radiometric probe. Propagation of microwaves in lossy media was analysed by a
      spectral diffraction approach. Extension of this technique via a cascade
      transmission line model provides an efficient algorithm for predicting the field
      patterns of aperture antennas contacting multi-layered tissue. A coherent
      radiative transfer analysis was used to relate the field pattern of a radiating
      antenna to its receiving characteristics when used as a radiometer probe, leading
      to a method for simulating radiometric data. Measurements and simulations were
      used to assess the effect of overlying fat layers upon radiometer response to
      temperature hot spots in muscle-type media. Results suggest that dielectric
      layering in tissue greatly influences measured temperatures and should be
      accounted for in the interpretation of radiometric data.

PMID- 3385231
TI  - Minimizing the self-heating artefacts due to the microwave irradiation of
      thermocouples.
AB  - The self-heating of metallic thermocouples in therapeutic microwave fields has
      long been recognized as a source of temperature artefacts in clinical
      hyperthermia dosimetry. We examine several techniques by which the probe and
      tissue heating artefacts resulting from self-heating may be quantitatively
      assessed, and discuss these in the context of their applicability to clinical
      hyperthermia.

PMID- 3385232
TI  - Changes in heating patterns due to perturbations by thermometer probes at 915 and
      434 MHz.
AB  - The changes in heating patterns due to perturbations by thermometer probes in
      microwave fields were investigated in static phantoms at 915 and 434 MHz.
      Thermograms taken parallel to the plane of E and H fields, at depths of up to 2
      cm, indicated heating changes of +25 to -45 per cent at 915 MHz and +/- 15 per
      cent at 434 MHz. The amount of perturbation is dependent on the length, size and
      location of the probes in the RF fields and their orientations to the electric
      field. If proper probe placement techniques are not observed when metallic probes
      are involved, hot and cool spots can be generated and shifted to sites that are
      not measured. Therefore misleading temperatures can result when changes in
      heating patterns are not detected. Perturbation also varies with applicator
      designs and phantom geometry. If thermistors and thermocouples are used, the
      effects of perturbation should be investigated with individual applicators under
      applicable clinical conditions.

PMID- 3385233
TI  - [Treatment of the chylothorax after cardiac surgery].

PMID- 3385234
TI  - [A case of total conus defect with clinical signs similar to Kirklin's type I
      ventricular septal defect].

PMID- 3385236
TI  - [Type I left ventricular rupture after mitral valve replacement. Report of
      successful repair in 2 cases].

PMID- 3385235
TI  - [Successful treatment of refractory sternal infection after cardiac surgery by
      using a rectus abdominis myocutaneous island flap].

PMID- 3385237
TI  - [A case of left ventricular-aortic discontinuity due to recurrent aortitis
      syndrome].

PMID- 3385238
TI  - [A rare case of annuloaortic ectasia in association with complete coarctation of
      the thoracic aorta].

PMID- 3385239
TI  - [A case of aneurysm of the thoracoabdominal aorta ruptured into the right-sided
      extrapleural space].

PMID- 3385240
TI  - [Hernia of the foramen of Morgagni--report of three cases].

PMID- 3385241
TI  - [Seven cases of thymic cysts].

PMID- 3385242
TI  - [The effect of the ultrafiltration during and after cardiopulmonary bypass].

PMID- 3385243
TI  - [Evaluation of left ventricular function and pulmonary circulation by means of
      the dobutamine infusion test in patients with mitral stenosis].

PMID- 3385244
TI  - [Direct right atrium-pulmonary artery connection with anterior roof patch as a
      modified Fontan procedure--modified Molina method].

PMID- 3385245
TI  - [Nitrous oxide administration for analgesia after open heart surgery].

PMID- 3385246
TI  - [Surgical treatment of metastatic tumors in the lung].

PMID- 3385247
TI  - [Postoperative care for cardiac patients with using a continuous mixed venous
      oxygen saturation monitoring system].

PMID- 3385248
TI  - [Cellular immunity of patients with open-heart surgery--with reference to the
      kinetics of functional subsets of lymphocytes by two color analysis with
      monoclonal antibodies].

PMID- 3385249
TI  - [Time course of elastase alpha-1 protease inhibitor complex and white blood cell
      count in cardiac surgery with cardio-pulmonary bypass].

PMID- 3385251
TI  - [Pleuropneumonectomy in malignant thymoma with pleural dissemination--a case
      report].

PMID- 3385250
TI  - [Mitral stenosis associated with partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection
      with pulmonary varicosity].

PMID- 3385252
TI  - [Pulmonary regurgitation following intracardiac repair of tetralogy of Fallot].

PMID- 3385253
TI  - [Surgical treatment of the aneurysm or dissection involving the ascending aorta
      and aortic arch using circulatory arrest and retrograde perfusion].

PMID- 3385254
TI  - [Clinical studies on the effects and limits of intraaortic balloon pumping (IABP)
      in patients with cardiogenic shock complicated by acute myocardial infarction].

PMID- 3385255
TI  - [Cineangiographic evaluation of ventricular volume and mass in a single
      ventricle: comparison between a single left and a single right ventricle].

PMID- 3385256
TI  - [Assessment of common atrioventricular valve function in a single ventricle by
      measuring the annular diameter].

PMID- 3385257
TI  - [Exercise hemodynamic evaluation of postinfarction left ventricular
      aneurysmectomy].

PMID- 3385258
TI  - [Evaluation of somatic and intellectual development after deep hypothermic
      circulatory arrest in infants and children].

PMID- 3385259
TI  - [A case of tricuspid atresia treated with modified Fontan procedure following
      palliative right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction and enlargement of a
      ventricular septal defect].

PMID- 3385260
TI  - [Dissecting aneurysm of the aorta in siblings].

PMID- 3385261
TI  - [Successful two-stage operation of type A aortic arch interruption with
      ventricular septal defect in a 7-day-old infant].

PMID- 3385262
TI  - [Pacemaker implantation in a persistent left superior vena cava with absence of
      the right superior vena cava].

PMID- 3385263
TI  - [Clinical experience of atrial septal defect patch closure combined with left
      ventricular aneurysmectomy].

PMID- 3385264
TI  - [Urgent operation for mechanical complications of myocardial infarction].

PMID- 3385265
TI  - [Surgical repair of an incomplete endocardial cushion defect with dextrocardia
      and right superior vena cava draining into the left atrium in viscero-atrial
      heterotaxic syndrome].

PMID- 3385266
TI  - [A case report of pulmonary actinomycosis presenting as a mass shadow on chest X
      P].

PMID- 3385267
TI  - [Successful surgical treatment of right ventricular rhabdomyoma in a neonate].

PMID- 3385268
TI  - Thrombectomy and temporary arterio-venous fistula for ilio-femoral venous
      thrombosis.
AB  - Sixty patients operated for ilio-femoral venous thrombosis with thrombectomy and
      temporary arterio-venous fistula (AVF) were evaluated. Fifty-one thromboses
      occurred in women and 48 were left-sided. A triggering mechanism was found in
      most patients. Fifty per cent of the women were pregnant or in the immediate
      postpartum period, one third of all patients had a recent operation or trauma and
      in one third a hereditary disorder could be traced. Blood coagulation studies
      postoperatively revealed disorders in the coagulation or fibrinolytic systems in
      34 of 47 investigated patients. At operation it was possible to open the iliac
      vein in 50 patients and 42 received a functioning AVF. The AVF was closed after 3
      months. Forty-six patients have been followed from 6 months to 5 years with one
      or several of the following investigations: venous plethysmography, radionuclide
      venography or routine venography. At follow-up the iliac vein was judged to be
      patent in 29 patients, in 17 it was occluded and in 8 patients it was probably
      occluded. All patients over 50 years of age were among those with occluded veins
      as were 6 of 9 men. The best results were achieved in women operated during
      pregnancy or in the puerperium. Venous thrombectomy with temporary AVF is
      effective treatment for ilio-femoral venous thrombosis, particularly in younger
      females with an obvious precipitating cause e.g. pregnancy or delivery.

PMID- 3385269
TI  - Peripheral arterial insufficiency and the fine structure of the gastrocnemius
      muscle.
AB  - A detailed light- and electron microscopical study was carried out on biopsies
      from m. gastrocnemius of 14 male individuals with intermittent claudication. The
      morphometric data obtained showed a large number of significant correlations with
      clinical and physical parameters. Practically all sections also showed
      morphological abnormalities, such as a fibre necrosis, regeneration, angular
      fibres, fibre type grouping and abundant connective tissue. Finally, there were
      significant differences in the muscle fine structure between those patients
      recommended physical training and those selected for surgery. The results clearly
      show that the structure of the muscle fibres is well adapted to the functional
      circumstances. They also show that widespread fibre damage do occur in
      intermittently ischaemic musculature, even if no signs of macroscopical tissue
      damage are found at routine clinical examination. Furthermore, although the
      clinical and physical data on patients selected for physical training and
      vascular surgery respectively, are very similar, there seems to be other factors
      that clinically influence the differentiation of the patients into these two
      groups. When evaluating effects of different treatments on these two groups of
      patients, it is thus important to take into account that there may be differences
      in morphology even before they are subjected to the different treatments.

PMID- 3385270
TI  - Heparinization of polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) grafts. The effect on
      pseudointimal hyperplasia.
AB  - A study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of a covalent heparinization on
      thrombogenicity of ePTFE grafts in sheep. With scanning electron microscopy
      heparinization occurred as a thin smooth layer covering the network of ePTFE.
      Most of it had disappeared already after 2 hours. In long-term experiments a high
      and low flow part of the ePTFE graft was created in the carotid artery system.
      The heparinization had no effect on patency and there was no difference between
      the high and low flow parts of the graft. The graft surface was covered with
      fibrous tissue, which was significantly thicker than the pannus in the host
      vessel. In the graft interstices (internodal distance of 30 micron) capillaries
      were seen without difference between occluded and patent grafts. The capillary
      density was significantly higher proximally than distally.

PMID- 3385271
TI  - Surgical treatment of pararenal abdominal aortic aneurysms.
AB  - Thirty patients with juxtarenal infrarenal and 16 patients with suprarenal
      abdominal aortic aneurysms underwent elective (58%) or urgent (42%) repair.
      Twenty-three patients were hypertensive and 20 had impaired renal function
      preoperatively. Nineteen patients required combined aortic and renal artery
      reconstruction, in which reimplantation was the most common technique used. The
      perioperative mortality rate was 7.4% in the elective group and 36.8% in the
      urgent group. Rupture of the aneurysm and a preoperative high serum creatinine
      level were risk factors correlating to early mortality. Among survivors, 61%
      showed a rise in serum creatinine in the early postoperative period. In all but
      one the transient renal insufficiency was resolved within one month. Of the
      hypertensive patients 64% were cured or under control with medication following
      combined reconstruction. These results demonstrate that surgical repair of
      pararenal abdominal aortic aneurysms can be performed with an acceptable
      mortality and morbidity.

PMID- 3385272
TI  - Aneurysm of the abdominal aorta in a young woman. Atherosclerotic or inflammatory
      in origin?
AB  - The case is described of a 27 year old woman with aneurysms of the abdominal
      aorta. In the absence of any signs of atherosclerotic disease, an inflammatory
      aetiology was suspected, a view that was supported by the macroscopic
      intraoperative findings and preoperative autoimmune assays. The literature on
      this rare pathology is examined.

PMID- 3385273
TI  - [A newly developed instrument of microbubble test for evaluation of fetal lung
      maturity].
AB  - A new instrument for Pattle's microbubble test was devised in order to improve
      the diagnosis of fetal lung maturity. This instrument consists of 4 needles fixed
      at 8mm intervals and an air pump. Microbubbles were produced in 175 microliter of
      amniotic fluid placed on a slide glass by injecting 10 ml of air at 400 ml/h with
      an air pump through 22 gage needles. After 4 minutes, the number of stable
      microbubbles less than 15 um in diameter were counted in 5 microscope fields.
      When over 6 microbubbles were observed, fetal lung maturity was diagnosed as
      positive. 72 samples of amniotic fluids were tested by our method as well as the
      other 5 methods. The percentage of accurate diagnostic results was 97.2% with our
      method, 93.1% with the L/S ratio, 83.3% with the DSPC method, 86.1% with the PG
      method, 93.1% with the shake method, and 94.4% with the Pattle's original method.
      It is concluded that ours is a reliable, rapid and simple method for evaluating
      fetal lung maturity.

PMID- 3385275
TI  - [Concentrations of steroid hormones in maternal vein, amniotic fluid and
      chorionic tissue during early stages of pregnancy].
AB  - To study the steroid concentration in human amniotic fluid in early stages of
      pregnancy between 6-10 weeks, progesterone (P4), 17 alpha-OH-progesterone (17P4),
      estrone (E1), estradiol (E2) and estriol (E3) levels in amniotic fluid (AF),
      maternal vein (MV) and chorionic tissue (CH) were measured by RIA. The levels of
      P4, 17P4, E1, E2 and E3 in CH were significantly higher than in AF and MV. The
      levels of P4 and E1 in AF were significantly higher than in MV, but the levels of
      17P4 in MV were higher than in AF between 6-10 weeks of gestation. Although a
      peak at 7th week of gestation in AF was noticed, the levels of P4 increased
      gradually between 6-10 weeks of gestation in AF,MV and CH. There was no
      significant change in 17P4 levels in AF and CH, except for a slight decrease
      between 6-8 weeks of gestation in MV. The levels of E2 in MV increased after the
      9th week of gestation and the levels were significantly higher than in AF. All
      estrogens (Es) in CH significantly increased at 10th week of gestation. The
      levels of P4 in AF and that in CH correlated well. A significant correlation was
      observed between the levels of E1 and E3 in MV and in CH. These results indicate
      the possible transference of P4 from CH to AF rather than that to MV. The
      transference of Es from CH to AF seems to be less than that of P4.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3385274
TI  - [Renal toxicity by intraperitoneal administration of CDDP].
AB  - Renal toxicity following intraperitoneal (ip) CDDP therapy after laparotomy in
      twenty patients with ovarian cancer was examined. Four patients had renal
      toxicity. Patients who received CDDP at a dose of 150 mg (2/2) had a
      statistically higher incidence of toxicity than those who received less than 100
      mg (2/18) (p less than 0.05). Patients who underwent ip therapy on the same day
      as laparotomy had a statistically higher incidence of the toxicity (4/15) than
      those underwent it on the fourth day after (0/5) (p less than 0.05). Renal
      toxicity was revealed in the mean urine volume of 1,100 ml on the day of therapy,
      but the toxicity did not appeared in those with a mean urine volume of 2,131 ml,
      whose volume was statistically different (p less than 0.01). These data suggest
      maintenance of renal blood flow during CDDP treatment plays an important role in
      preventing renal toxicity even following ip therapy. By investigating
      preoperative laboratory data, it is seen that patients with FDP values higher
      than 32 micrograms/ml have a higher risk of renal toxicity.

PMID- 3385276
TI  - [Clinical implication of serum antibody to Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen in
      patients with gynecological malignancies].
AB  - Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen (T-antigen) is a carbohydrate antigen that is
      expressed in a variety of cancer tissues. T-antigen is thought to have an
      antigenicity because circulating T antibodies can be detected as natural
      antibodies in humans. In this study, we examined the serum T antibody titers in
      patients with gynecological cancer using the hemagglutination test, and studied
      the relationship between the expression of T-antigen in cancer tissues and serum
      TA-4 levels and serum T antibody titers. Serum T antibody titers in patients with
      gynecological cancer were lower than those in normal controls, especially in
      endometrial and ovarian cancer (p less than 0.05) in which T-antigen was strongly
      expressed. Furthermore, the low antibody titers correlated with the expression of
      T-antigen in cancer tissues. T antibody titers significantly increased (p less
      than 0.01) after operation and the inverse relationship was found with the levels
      of circulating TA-4 in cervical cancer patients. These findings suggests that
      patients with gynecological cancer immunologically responded to T-antigen and the
      measurement of circulating T antibodies may be useful as an indicator of the
      progression of cancer in tissues.

PMID- 3385277
TI  - [Significance of total hysterectomy in uterine cervical cancer persistent in the
      uterine cervix after radiotherapy].
AB  - Radiation therapy is an important means for treating advanced cases of cervical
      cancer. There are cases, however, in which cancer cells persist even after
      treatment has been completed. We in the Department of Gynecology at the Cancer
      Institute Hospital actively performed total hysterectomies in such patients with
      no distant metastases and no extension of the parametrial induration to the
      pelvic wall, and obtained favorable results. In the present study, the clinical
      stage, histological type, degree of removal of involved tissue, and relationship
      between the prognosis and the maximum diameter of the tumor in the extirpated
      uterus were examined in 28 patients with advanced cervical cancer treated during
      the thirty-year period from 1957 to 1986. The following results were obtained: 1.
      The clinical stage and histological type of the cancer prior to radiation therapy
      did not significantly affect the prognosis after total hysterectomy. 2. The 3
      year survival rate for the patients in whom all involved tissue could be removed
      was 81.0 percent. In contrast, all those in whom complete removal was impossible
      survived less than 3 years, despite additional therapy. 3. Prognosis was better
      in the patients who had tumors with a maximum diameter of less than 2 cm than in
      those who had tumors with a maximum diameter of 2 cm or more (p less than 0.05).
      4. Patients in whom all involved tissue could be removed and in whom the maximum
      diameter of the tumor was less than 2 cm had a good prognoses, with 88.9 percent
      surviving at least 3 years after surgery.

PMID- 3385278
TI  - [Basic and clinical study of anticancer effect of etoposide on choriocarcinoma].
AB  - To establish a new method for treating choriocarcinoma, basic and clinical
      studies were made on Etoposide, a newly developed anticancer drug. I. Basic study
      1) The crystal violet uptake sensitivity tests for anticancer drugs were examined
      with 5 human choriocarcinoma cell lines, BeWo, SCH, HCCM-5, JEG and SMT-CCl. 2) A
      drug concentration which could reduce the survival rate of SMT-CCl cells to 50%
      was regarded as the standard concentration. 3) Etoposide showed the same strong
      anticancer activity on all the choriocarcinoma cell lines as Act-D and CPA. II.
      Clinical study 1) In the treatment of trophoblastic diseases (choriocarcinoma 15
      cases and invasive mole 14 cases), Etoposide therapy manifested a much higher
      effective rate (93.3%) than conventional Act-D therapy (50.0%) and MTX therapy
      (21.0%). But side effects of Etoposide therapy were milder than those of the
      other drugs. 2) Especially in the high risk choriocarcinoma group, the remission
      rate was 50% (PR 3, NC 2 and PD 1) for the conventional MAC protocol and 100% (CR
      3 and PR 2) for the MECA protocol. In conclusion, it was demonstrated basically
      and clinically that Etoposide was very effective in the treatment of
      choriocarcinoma.

PMID- 3385279
TI  - Quantitative description of subjective symptoms in pregnant women and their
      changes during the perinatal period.
AB  - To study chronological changes in the spatial representation of subjective
      symptoms in pregnant women, the authors formulated a check list to employ
      throughout the period of pregnancy. Using this check list, 162 pregnant women
      were examined (1,773 examinations). Women who were delivered of normal full-term
      neonates were adopted for the study. The authors obtained the following results:
      The simple analysis supported the previous descriptions in many reports in
      literature. From multivariate analysis (biplot analysis and latent structure
      analysis) using no external standards, the distribution structure of the
      spatially represented subjective symptoms during pregnancy varied among the five
      periods of pregnancy (weeks 0-12, weeks 13-20, weeks 21-28, weeks 29-34 and weeks
      35-). These results suggest that, for mass screening of high-risk pregnancy, a
      filter of subjective symptoms for each of the above-mentioned 5 periods of
      pregnancy should be prepared.

PMID- 3385280
TI  - DNA analysis cervical and vaginal cancer cells during radiotherapy by rapid high
      resolution cytometry.
AB  - The DNA content of the nuclei of cancer cells of 12 cases of cervical cancer and
      2 cases of vaginal cancer, treated with radiotherapy, were studied in 50
      specimens. Specimens were taken from each case before radiotherapy and at the
      totals of 1,000 rad, 2,000 rad, 3,000 rad and 4,500 rad (or 5,000 rad). All
      specimens were stained by the Papanicolaou method and were analyzed by rapid high
      resolution cytometry. Total optical density, mean nuclear area and the 5N
      exceeding rate (5NER) increased gradually following irradiation. Cancer cells
      disappeared in good response cases before 3,000 rad. Eight smears with a 5NER
      under 100 at the dose of 3,000 rad or more seemed to be poor response cases. Low
      5NER and low mean nuclear areas were observed in both patients who died with
      persistent disease after radiotherapy, as well as in one case treated with
      chemotherapy for persistent disease after radiotherapy.

PMID- 3385281
TI  - Respiratory and metabolic responses of fetal and neonatal perfused livers to
      catecholamines and anoxia.
AB  - The effects of catecholamine and anoxia on the respiratory and metabolic function
      of developing livers were studied. The characteristic feature of the fetal liver
      was catecholamine induced glycolysis, although that of the neonatal liver was
      gluconeogenesis. Infusion of lactate and pyruvate caused a reduction in NAD in
      the fetus and adult, and NAD oxidation in the newborn. The fetal liver
      demonstrated marked tolerance of anoxic load, but the tolerance was rapidly lost
      after birth. The metabolic response to catecholamine may be mediated by the alpha
      adrenergic receptor rather than the beta-receptor.

PMID- 3385282
TI  - Evaluation of media, protein supplements and potassium concentration for human in
      vitro fertilization and embryo transfer by preimplanted mouse embryo development.
AB  - A two-cell mouse embryo was used to investigate the effect of three different
      media and protein supplements together with different potassium (K+)
      concentrations on embryo development. The embryos of the ICR mouse showed higher
      expanded blastocyst rates in Biggers-Whitten- Whittingham (BWW) than in Ham's F10
      (F10) and Whittingham's T6 (T6). The embryos of the C57BL X CBA strain showed the
      highest hatching rate in BWW but the expanded blastocyst rate was highest in F10.
      Embryos from both strains developed more rapidly with BSA supplement with no
      difference between human serum (HS) and fetal cord serum (FCS). Relatively higher
      K+ concentrations (7.7 mM and 17.8 mM) suppressed 2-cell mouse embryo
      development. F10 and BWW were used for human in vitro fertilization and embryo
      transfer (IVF-ET). The fertilization rate was significantly higher in BWW than in
      F10. Two viable pregnancies were obtained in BWW cycles. This study supports the
      use of BWW over other standard media for human IVF-ET.

PMID- 3385284
TI  - [In utero fetal resuscitation--efficacy of saline amnioinfusion].

PMID- 3385283
TI  - [Combined treatment with magnesium sulfate and ritodrine hydrochloride for
      preventing premature delivery].

PMID- 3385285
TI  - [A case of cervical pregnancy treated with anticancer drugs].

PMID- 3385286
TI  - Posterior interosseous island forearm flap.
AB  - The skin of the dorsal aspect of the forearm is supplied by several cutaneous
      branches of the posterior interosseous artery. This vascular anatomy permits the
      surgeon to obtain an island flap of the dorsal forearm based on the distal
      anastomosis between the two interosseous arteries at the distal part of the
      interosseous space. This flap can reliably be transferred to different skin
      defects of the hand such as those created by correction of an adduction
      contracture of the first web space, or on the back or front of the wrist level.
      Its principal advantages are that it is a thin flap with excellent circulation
      and that it is possible to close the donor area primarily provided the island
      flap is not wider than 3 to 4 cm. The procedure has been employed in 25 patients
      with satisfactory results.

PMID- 3385287
TI  - The first dorsal metacarpal artery neurovascular island flap.
AB  - A first dorsal metacarpal artery island flap from the index finger was used in 20
      cases for reconstruction of defects in the hand. In six cases it was used as a
      neurovascular flap for sensory resurfacing of the thumb and in five cases for
      release of a contracted first web. One flap underwent necrosis and there was a
      complication in one donor site.

PMID- 3385288
TI  - The lateral arm free flap in releasing severe contracture of the first web space.
AB  - To permanently release severe contracture of the first web space, suitable
      additional skin must be provided. Local skin is often insufficient and is unable
      to fill the depths of the space. Pedicle flaps are bulky, require a second
      operation for division, and frequently demand further procedures for revision. A
      precisely tailored lateral arm free flap allows unparalleled correction to be
      achieved with one surgical intervention. The operation can be performed under
      regional anaesthesia with morbidity restricted to one extremity.

PMID- 3385289
TI  - Mallet finger: a trial of two splints.
AB  - Over a period of twelve months, 116 cases of mallet finger were allocated
      randomly to treatment with either a Stack or Abouna splint. The two splints were
      equally effective, producing a cure or a significant improvement in approximately
      50% of cases. However, the Stack splint was much preferred by the patients, who
      found it more comfortable, more robust and easier to keep clean.

PMID- 3385290
TI  - Alternative conservative treatment of mallet-finger injuries by elastic double
      finger bandage.
AB  - A prospective trial of mallet-finger injuries treated conservatively by elastic
      double-finger bandage showed no disadvantages compared to other kinds of
      conservative treatment. The method is agreeable for the patient, being hygienic
      and causing no kind of skin irritation.

PMID- 3385291
TI  - The Pipflex splint for treatment of mallet finger.
AB  - A new splint is described for the treatment of mallet finger deformity. The
      splint is in two separate parts which maintain extension of the DIP joint and
      flexion of the PIP joint respectively. The results of treatment in 25 patients
      are presented, and are superior in our hands to those resulting from other
      methods of splintage. The period of treatment is shorter.

PMID- 3385292
TI  - Mallet finger: comparison between operative and conservative management in those
      cases failing to be cured by splintage.
AB  - Sixty-nine patients with mallet finger who failed to be cured by a period of
      splintage were offered either tenodermodesis or Kirschner wire fixation of the
      DIP joint. Eleven (16%) accepted the offer and eight of these were significantly
      improved. Of those patients declining surgery, 30 were available for review after
      a minimum period of six months; of these 13 (43%) had undergone a significant
      spontaneous improvement.

PMID- 3385293
TI  - The microvascular anatomy of the distal digital extensor tendon.
AB  - The circulation of six hands from four human cadavers was washed out, the hand
      then being injected with contrast material to provide 24 fingers for analysis
      under the dissecting and light microscopes. The microvascular anatomy of the
      distal part of the extensor tendon was outlined and is described, with particular
      emphasis on the fine vessels within the tendon and on the tendon surface. An area
      of deficient blood supply was shown within the tendon which may have implications
      in the aetiology and treatment of mallet finger.

PMID- 3385294
TI  - The arteriovenous pattern of the distal digital segment.
AB  - By injection of eosin dye with latex into 45 cadaveric fingers we were able to
      demonstrate: (1) a distinct digital pulp arch formed by the ulnar and radial
      digital arteries over the mid-point of the terminal phalanx in 93% of digits; (2)
      variations in size of the proper digital arteries to each digit; (3) numerous
      branches from the pulp arch to the tip of each digit and (4) a constant pattern
      of dorsal veins over the terminal segment in 89% of digits.

PMID- 3385295
TI  - Occupation as a risk factor for impaired sensory conduction of the median nerve
      at the carpal tunnel.
AB  - 471 industrial employees from 27 occupations in four industries were surveyed to
      evaluate the role of occupational hand activity as a risk factor for slowing of
      sensory conduction of the median nerve at the carpal tunnel. After age-adjusting
      the latency values, slowing of the sensory fibres of the median nerve was found
      in 39% of the subjects and in 26% of the hands. No consistent association was
      found between the type and the level of occupational hand activity and the
      prevalence or the severity of slowing. In addition, the prevalence of bilateral
      slowing of conduction of the median nerve was not associated with bimanual
      occupational hand activity, and the length of employment of the subjects in the
      current industry did not influence the occurrence of impaired sensory conduction
      of the median nerve at the carpal tunnel.

PMID- 3385296
TI  - Early psychological aspects of severe hand injury.
AB  - We investigated the incidence and nature of psychological symptoms occurring
      during the first two months after severe hand injuries. 94% of patients had
      significant symptoms at some point early in rehabilitation, including nightmares
      (92%), flashbacks (88%), affective lability (84%), preoccupation with phantom
      limb sensations (13%), concentration/attention problems (12%), cosmetic concerns
      (10%), fear of death (5%), and denial of amputation (3%). Two months later,
      flashbacks (63%) remained pronounced. Nightmares (13%), affective lability (48%),
      concentration/attention problems (5%), fear of death (0%), and denial of
      amputation (0%) declined markedly, while cosmetic concerns (17%) and
      preoccupation with phantom limb sensations (17%) increased. Based on these
      findings, we believe that psychological treatment should often be given as part
      of the rehabilitation process.

PMID- 3385297
TI  - The treatment of dorsal wrist ganglia by radical excision.
AB  - The dorsal wrist ganglion is the commonest benign soft-tissue tumour of the hand.
      Its treatment has been the subject of discussion for centuries, many methods
      being accompanied by an unacceptably high recurrence rate. Surgical extirpation
      gives the most reliable results and success has been said to depend on the
      identification of an unvarying deep attachment of the ganglion to the
      scapholunate ligament. A previous study has suggested that if this is excised,
      there will be no recurrences and no residual symptoms. Our experience of 62
      dorsal ganglia confirms that although a scapholunate origin is usual, ganglia may
      also arise from a variety of additional sites over the dorsal wrist capsule,
      particularly in the region of the capitate. Two ganglia have recurred and
      clinical review of 52 (84%) of the cases has shown that persistent discomfort
      following excision is not uncommon. One patient appears to have developed
      scapholunate instability.

PMID- 3385298
TI  - Cleft hand in Silver-Russell syndrome.
AB  - A case of Silver-Russell Syndrome with a typical cleft hand is presented. The
      association of cleft hand with this syndrome has never been reported before.

PMID- 3385299
TI  - Brachial plexus anaesthesia for upper limb surgery: a review of eight years'
      experience.
AB  - 1248 supraclavicular brachial plexus blocks and 665 axillary plexus blocks were
      administered to 1913 patients undergoing upper limb surgery. Plexus block alone
      was successful in 83.5%. In a further 11.4% of cases, adequate anaesthesia was
      obtained following augmentation by other regional or local techniques. This
      resulted in an overall success rate of 94.9% and general anaesthesia was required
      in only 5.1%. The two percutaneous approaches to the brachial plexus did not
      differ in their success-rates but clinically apparent pneumothorax occurred in
      0.8% of supraclavicular blocks. Brachial plexus block anaesthesia is recommended
      as a safe and satisfactory alternative to general anaesthesia for upper limb
      surgery.

PMID- 3385300
TI  - Results of surgery for trigger finger.
AB  - Forty-three patients were reviewed between 17 and 113 months (mean of 47 months)
      following surgery for acquired stenosing tenosynovitis of the fingers or thumbs.
      32 (60.4%) of the 53 operations were completely successful. Of the remaining 21
      operations, 26% either failed to relieve all symptoms, or symptoms had recurred
      at review. 15 operations led to complications that bothered the patient to some
      extent. Three procedures resulted in significant functional deficit of the hand,
      two because of nerve damage and one because of stiffness following infection. The
      three major complications all followed operations performed by junior surgeons.
      The importance of an adequate trial of conservative therapy to avoid unnecessary
      surgery is emphasised.

PMID- 3385301
TI  - A survey of 'trigger finger' in adults.
AB  - Thirty-six patients were reviewed by questionnaire after operative treatment for
      trigger finger or thumb. Multiple digital involvement occurred in just under one
      third of the patients in this series and the index and little fingers were
      relatively rarely involved. Five patients had close relatives affected by the
      same condition. 17% of patients in this small series were dissatisfied with their
      operation scar.

PMID- 3385302
TI  - Transmetacarpal amputations and replantation: the importance of the normal
      vascular anatomy.
AB  - Three transmetacarpal injuries are described in which the patency of one common
      digital vessel alone provided blood flow to all fingers. Transverse commissural
      vessels connect the digital vessels proximal to the proximal and distal
      interphalangeal joints. Retrograde flow to the adjacent common digital vessels
      revascularises the other digits. The volar metacarpal vessels, if not ligated,
      may allow continued bleeding into the palm following reattachment of a
      transmetacarpal amputation. These vessels may have been responsible for failure
      of the replantation in one case.

PMID- 3385303
TI  - Traumatic dislocation of the fourth and fifth carpo-metacarpal joints: a case
      report.
AB  - A case of traumatic dislocation of the fourth and fifth carpo-metacarpal joints
      and fracture of the base of the third metacarpal is presented. It is recommended
      that lateral X-rays of the hand be taken if dislocation is suspected at this
      level, as the injury may be missed on standard X-rays.

PMID- 3385304
TI  - Avulsion fracture of the index metacarpal base: three case reports.
AB  - Three cases of an avulsion fracture of the base of the index metacarpal by the
      tendon of Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus are reported. There are two previous
      reports of this injury which were both treated operatively. These cases were
      treated conservatively with satisfactory results. The relevant anatomy, mechanism
      of injury and incidence are discussed.

PMID- 3385305
TI  - Anterior radio-carpal dislocation: an isolated injury.
AB  - A case of isolated anterior radio-carpal dislocation is described. Closed
      reduction and cast immobilisation for six weeks gave a satisfactory result.

PMID- 3385306
TI  - Carcinoma cuniculatum of the hand.
AB  - Carcinoma (epithelioma) cuniculatum is an uncommon variety of squamous cell
      carcinoma formerly considered to be limited to the foot. It has recently been
      reported in other parts of the body. We report a case in the hand and describe
      its management.

PMID- 3385307
TI  - A cryptic cause of monarthritis in the hand: the juxta-articular osteoid osteoma.
AB  - Three patients with an isolated arthritis in the hand are described. All three
      had long-term complaints and had undergone surgery before presenting in our
      clinic. The cause of arthritis, in all three patients, was a juxta-articular
      osteoid osteoma. In one patient the diagnosis was established by a plain X-ray.
      Additional radiological studies were necessary to arrive at the diagnosis in
      another patient, while in the third no preoperative diagnosis could be made,
      despite extensive investigations. Treatment consisted of curetting the nidus.

PMID- 3385308
TI  - Simultaneous dislocations of the interphalangeal and carpometacarpal joints of
      the thumb: a case report.
AB  - A case of simultaneous dislocations of the interphalangeal and carpometacarpal
      joints of the thumb after a fall is described. We believe this is a unique
      situation not reported before in the literature. The results of operative
      intervention of the open IP joint and closed CMC joint dislocations resulted in a
      stable pain-free thumb with a good range of motion.

PMID- 3385309
TI  - Minoxidil induced pericardial effusion.

PMID- 3385310
TI  - Organ donation in Kentucky.

PMID- 3385311
TI  - The Foundation of the Jefferson County Medical Society.

PMID- 3385312
TI  - Re: Sympathetic block an adjunct for treatment.

PMID- 3385313
TI  - Pancreatitis following aneurysmectomy.

PMID- 3385314
TI  - Automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator: a new treatment modality for
      recurrent ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation.

PMID- 3385316
TI  - It's only over for Debbie.

PMID- 3385315
TI  - Foregoing life-sustaining procedures: survey and analysis of Kentuckians'
      opinions.

PMID- 3385317
TI  - "Let's give America the facts". A medical society primer for effectively
      communicating information about AIDS.

PMID- 3385318
TI  - Facial palsy after temporal bone fracture: (light and electron microscopic
      findings in two cases).

PMID- 3385319
TI  - Long-term ototoxic effects of neomycin applied topically in the middle ear: a
      morphological study in the guinea pig.
AB  - Neomycin was instilled daily, uni- or bilaterally, into the middle ear of guinea
      pigs for three months. The cochleae were examined, by light and electron
      microscopy, six months after the end of treatment. The organs of Corti of the
      treated ears were completely destroyed, and in the most advanced lesions, were
      substituted by a single layer of very thin flat cells. In the spiral ganglion
      only some glial cells and a few neurons could be observed. All surviving neurons
      were myelinated, and their ultrastructure was greatly altered, with
      disorganization of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes. The basilar
      membrane almost disappeared, losing it amorphous and filamentous components. The
      spiral limbus and the stria vascularis were atrophic and were also covered, in
      the final stages, by flat elongated cells. In view of its morphological
      characteristics, this epithelium may arise from the displacement of the
      interdental cells and perhaps from the cochlear surface of Reissner's membrane.

PMID- 3385320
TI  - The surface morphology of the endolymphatic sac of the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones
      unguiculatus) (a scanning electron microscopic study).
AB  - A scanning electron microscopic study of the endolymphatic sac of the mongolian
      gerbil is presented. As described in other animal species and in man, three
      rather distinct regions on the epithelial surface can also be recognized in this
      rodent. Light and dark cells are seen to line the sac epithelium throughout. At
      the level of the intermediate portion, however, a different cell type--the
      granular cell--is present, with its luminal surface covered by large amounts of
      solid material. On the basis of light and transmission electron microscopic
      studies presented elsewhere, a higher degree of functional specialization in this
      portion of the gerbilline sac is proposed.

PMID- 3385321
TI  - Local rifampicin in treatment of rhinoscleroma.
AB  - Many antibiotics, chemotherapeutic agents and other chemicals have been tried in
      the treatment of scleroma without much success (Toppozada et al., 1967). The most
      popular of these drugs are streptomycin and aureomycin (Botros et al., 1954;
      Zwiefach, 1955; El-Mofty, 1962), terramycin and chloromycetin (Hoover and King,
      1953) and ampicillin, septrin and vibramycin (Ssali, 1975). El-Mofty and Attia
      (1957) attributed considerable value to the use of 20 per cent aureomycin
      ointment locally in treating the disease. Nigonol in the form of a local
      injection was tried by Toppozada et al. (1967) and they claimed good results.
      Shaer et al. (1981) reported that local application of 2 per cent acriflavine
      solution over an eight-week period was an effective and safe remedy for
      rhinoscleroma. Rifampicin has been used systemically with success as a new
      antibiotic for the treatment of scleroma (Riad, 1982). The aim of the present
      study was to evaluate the response of rhinoscleroma to local medication with
      rifampicin.

PMID- 3385323
TI  - A simple surgical technique and a new prosthesis for voice rehabilitation after
      laryngectomy.

PMID- 3385322
TI  - Wound healing following partial glossectomy using the CO2 laser, diathermy and
      scalpel: a histological study in rats.

PMID- 3385324
TI  - Clinical application of electrolaryngograph for speech rehabilitation in near
      total laryngectomy with myo-mucosal valved neoglottis.
AB  - Near-total laryngectomy with myomucosal valved neoglottis is the most recent of
      the various surgical procedures for speech rehabilitation. The
      electrolaryngographic wave form (Lx), which was recorded initially to explore the
      site and mechanism of phonatory function of the neoglottis, has been successfully
      used in speech rehabilitation of these patients. In a pilot study it was tried as
      a visual feedback. The results confirm its utility for speech rehabilitation of
      these laryngectomees.

PMID- 3385325
TI  - Cervico-occipital flap for replacement of neck skin.

PMID- 3385326
TI  - Pseudocyst of the auricle.

PMID- 3385327
TI  - Moebius' syndrome: a report of two cases.
AB  - Two patients with Moebius' syndrome are described, a brother and a sister. In
      addition to bilateral congenital facial nerve paralysis, both had deafness, an
      external deformity of the auricles, and a latent squint. The deafness in both
      cases was sensorineural in type; although there was paralysis of the motor part
      of the facial nerve, taste and lacrimation were intact. This report shows that
      not all components of the facial nerve are always effected in this syndrome.

PMID- 3385328
TI  - Intratemporal vascular tumours.
AB  - Hemangiomas of the temporal bone are uncommon benign tumours, occurring most
      frequently at two sites: the internal auditory meatus (IAM) and the geniculate
      ganglion. In this paper the authors discuss the pathology, clinical onset and
      features, and the therapeutic management of two of these lesions. A review of the
      literature is also presented, paying attention to the controversy regarding the
      origin, pathogenesis and histologic classification of this rare lesion of the
      temporal bone.

PMID- 3385329
TI  - Total bilateral hearing loss as a complication of myeloma.
AB  - A 58-year-old lady relapsed from longterm remission of multiple myeloma and
      developed a sudden and complete hearing loss in the left ear followed two weeks
      later by the right ear. This permanent loss was almost certainly due to inner ear
      haemorrhages.

PMID- 3385330
TI  - Middle turbinate osteoma; an unusual cause of nasal obstruction.
AB  - Osteomas are common benign tumours of the paranasal sinuses, but are usually
      asymptomatic and found as a coincidental finding during routine radiological
      investigations. We present a case report of a patient with an isolated osteoma of
      the middle turbinate presenting with unilateral nasal obstruction which required
      removal via a lateral rhinotomy approach. The aetiology, pathology and presenting
      features of these tumours are reviewed and their subsequent management discussed.
      In particular, adequate pre-operative radiological assessment to determine
      involvement of the cribriform plate region by computerized axial tomography (CAT
      Scanning) is emphasized since this may indicate the need for a cranio-facial
      surgical approach rather than a lateral rhinotomy to achieve complete removal.

PMID- 3385331
TI  - Antroscleroma.
AB  - Oedema, hypertrophy, polyposis, atrophy or empyema of the maxillary sinus are
      common features of rhinoscleroma. However, actual involvement of the antrum by
      the nasal granuloma is rare and primary scleroma of the antrum is of extreme
      rarity. Three cases of antroscleroma are presented, one secondary to an extensive
      rhinoscleroma and two primary. The difference in the physical, biological and
      microbiological environment in the antrum from that in the nose might explain the
      rarity of antroscleroma.

PMID- 3385332
TI  - Giant radicular cyst in the maxillary antrum presenting with chronic epiphora.

PMID- 3385333
TI  - Ischaemic necrosis of the tongue.

PMID- 3385334
TI  - Facial cutaneous fistula due to a foreign body in Wharton's duct.
AB  - An extremely rare case of a cutaneous fistula of the submandibular salivary gland
      is presented. The etiology of the fistula was a foreign body in Wharton's duct.
      We describe the clinical course, management and histo-pathological findings.

PMID- 3385335
TI  - Laryngeal granuloma--an unusual presentation of AIDS.

PMID- 3385336
TI  - Chondrosarcoma of the epiglottis.
AB  - Malignant cartilaginous tumours of the larynx are very rare, and usually arise
      from the cricoid cartilage. We report the first documented case of a
      chondrosarcoma of the epiglottis. The diagnosis, histology and treatment of these
      tumours are discussed.

PMID- 3385337
TI  - Acquired tracheo-oesophageal fistula (a case report).
AB  - A case of acquired tracheo-oesophageal fistula in a 16-year-old boy, caused by a
      bullet wound, is presented. The fistula was located just below the cricoid
      cartilage and was successfully treated by excision of the fistula followed by
      interposition of the sternomastoid muscle.

PMID- 3385338
TI  - Fractures in polyvinyl chloride tracheostomy tubes.
AB  - Fracture in polyvinyl chloride tracheostomy tubes in infants and children has not
      previously been described. On the basis of two events in the same infant a theory
      for the pathogenesis is outlined, and measures to prevent future cases are
      described.

PMID- 3385339
TI  - Postmyelographic cauda equina syndrome in an asymptomatic acquired spinal
      stenosis of a young acromegalic.
AB  - Early postmyelographic cauda equina syndrome in an asymptomatic young acromegalic
      is presented. The patient was asymptomatic for more than 1 yr despite
      myelographic evidence of acquired spinal stenosis at the L2-L4 level.
      Radiographic and/or myelographic findings should be clinically correlated. It is
      postulated that, in acromegaly, the combined simultaneous bony apposition
      remodeling resorption mechanism is involved in the spine as platyspondyly,
      hyperostosis of spinous processes and vertebral scalloping to counteract soft
      tissue hyperplasia within the spinal canal; entrapment myelopathy, cauda equina
      syndrome and/or radiculopathy are ascribed to a soft tissue edematous mechanism
      superimposed on congenital or degenerative spinal stenosis, traumatic or
      postoperative spondylolisthesis, postmyelographic and/or postoperative
      arachnoiditis and a traumatic swollen or protrused intervertebral disc.

PMID- 3385340
TI  - Traumatic volar dislocation of the second, third and fourth carpometacarpal
      joints: mechanism and manipulation.
AB  - Traumatic volar dislocation of the second, third and fourth carpometacarpal
      joints without associated fracture is extremely rare. A single case, treated
      successfully by manipulative reduction supplemented with splint immobilization
      and isometric and isotonic muscle exercise is reported, with restoration of
      complete anatomical alignment revealed by postmanipulative radiographs. The
      radiology of carpometacarpal joint dislocation is discussed. The conservative
      traction-dorsiflexion manipulative reduction for multiple volar carpometacarpal
      joint dislocations is described and recommended before using open reduction.
      Based on the case, it is postulated that the mechanism of a carpometacarpal joint
      dislocation is due to a sudden violent force acting almost perpendicularly to the
      metacarpal head or heads; the reactive forces create the opposite directed forces
      as a lever type of strain on the involved carpometacarpal joint and produce the
      dislocation.

PMID- 3385341
TI  - Portrait of the healer as an artist.

PMID- 3385342
TI  - Analysis of the joint crack by simultaneous recording of sound and tensions.

PMID- 3385343
TI  - Making claims.

PMID- 3385344
TI  - Visit characteristics of 217 children attending a chiropractic college teaching
      clinic.
AB  - The visit characteristics of 217 children attending a chiropractic teaching
      clinic are described. Forty-two percent suffered from musculoskeletal complaints,
      20% from nonmusculoskeletal complaints and 33% attended the clinic for general
      physical examination. Patients who were members of the immediate family of a
      student intern were more likely to attend the clinic for general physical
      examination or for nonmusculoskeletal complaints. Previous experience with
      chiropractic was unrelated to the type of complaint, and, among children who had
      sought previous care for their presenting complaint from some other source, they
      were as likely to have seen a chiropractor as a medical doctor, regardless of the
      nature of their complaint. The study concludes that the characteristics of this
      patient group may be unique to the teaching clinic, reflecting a system in which
      friends and family are often recruited as patients. These patients might be more
      likely to view chiropractic care as a primary health care service.

PMID- 3385345
TI  - Demographic and practice characteristics of chiropractors.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine the demographic and practice
      characteristics of chiropractors. A four-part survey questionnaire was developed
      and mailed to a national stratified (by state) random sample of chiropractors.
      The analysis of data revealed that most chiropractors hold an undergraduate
      degree, practice in an urban area, are licensed to practice in only one state,
      belong to their state's chiropractic association, and are active in continuing
      education. Other data analyzed related to income, sources of new patients and
      average fees charged.

PMID- 3385346
TI  - Luteinizing hormone and prolactin secretion during stress from surgery of the
      third molar in man.

PMID- 3385347
TI  - Assessment of blood glucose test strip.

PMID- 3385348
TI  - Endoscopic study of radiographically benign gastric ulcers.

PMID- 3385349
TI  - Malassezia furfur in dermatological patients and clinically normal persons.

PMID- 3385350
TI  - Neurogenic pulmonary edema associated with spinal cord infarction from
      arteriovenous malformation.

PMID- 3385351
TI  - CT findings of mycotic aneurysm of the intracavernous part of the internal
      carotid artery: a case report and literature review.

PMID- 3385352
TI  - Chorioretinal lesions in staphylococcal septicemia.

PMID- 3385353
TI  - Effects of reinforcement context on choice.
AB  - Two experiments investigated the effects of successive reinforcement contexts on
      choice. In the first, concurrent variable-interval schedules of primary
      reinforcement operated during the initial links of concurrent chains. The rate of
      this reinforcement arranged by the concurrent schedules was decreased across
      conditions: When it was higher than the terminal-link rate, preference for the
      higher frequency initial-link schedule increased relative to baseline. (During
      baseline, a standard concurrent-schedule procedure was in effect). When the
      initial-link reinforcement rate was lower than the terminal-link rate, preference
      converged toward indifference. In the second experiment, a chain schedule was
      available on a third key while a concurrent schedule was in effect on the side
      keys. When the terminal link of the chain schedule was produced, the side keys
      became inoperative. Availability of the chain schedule did not affect choice
      between the concurrent schedules. These results show that only when successive
      reinforcement contexts are produced by choice responding do those successive
      contexts affect choice in concurrent schedules.

PMID- 3385355
TI  - Developmental functions for speeds of cognitive processes.
AB  - In Experiment 1, 8- to 21-year-olds were tested on a visual search task in which
      they determined whether a target digit was present in a set of one to five digits
      and a memory search task in which they determined whether a target digit was a
      member of a previously presented set of one to five digits. Increases with age in
      speeds of visual and memory search were both described well by exponential
      functions, and the rate of developmental change was similar for the two
      processes. In Experiment 2, 8- to 22-year-olds were tested on a memory search
      task, a mental rotation task in which they judged whether a stimulus presented in
      various orientations was a letter or a mirror image of a letter, an analogical
      reasoning task in which they judged whether sets of pictures were related to one
      another according to the same rule, and a mental addition task in which they
      judged the accuracy of problems such as 2 + 3 = 6. Here, too, for three of the
      four tasks developmental change was described well by exponential functions with
      a common rate of change. Results are interpreted in terms of a central mechanism
      that limits speeded performance and that changes with age.

PMID- 3385354
TI  - Differential effects of cocaine and pentobarbital on fixed-interval and random
      interval performance.
AB  - Reports have indicated that the behavioral effects of a drug can be related to
      the nondrug control rate of behavior in the absence of the drug. To investigate
      the purported relationship between control rate and drug rate, squirrel monkeys
      were trained under a fixed-interval 300-s schedule of stimulus-shock termination,
      a procedure that engendered a wide range of response rates. A light illuminated
      the experimental chamber during the fixed interval, and the first lever press
      after 300 s had elapsed terminated the light for 30 s and precluded an electrical
      stimulus to the tail. Following acute intramuscular administration of cocaine
      (0.03-0.56 mg/kg), overall rate increased and different control rates of
      responding, during different parts of the fixed interval, converged toward a
      common rate. Subsequently, the schedule was changed to a multiple fixed-interval
      300-s random-interval 300-s schedule; performance during the random-interval
      component was characterized by steady responding at a uniformly high rate.
      Analysis of fixed-interval and random-interval performances following acute
      cocaine administration revealed convergence of response rates toward a common,
      uniform rate. Pentobarbital (0.3-10.0 mg/kg) only decreased overall rate, and
      different control rates of responding during the fixed interval did not converge
      toward a common rate. The results indicate that this type of analysis can be
      useful in comparing pharmacological agents from different classes and that the
      rate at which responding becomes uniform can provide a quantitative behavioral
      end point for characterizing drug effects on behavior.

PMID- 3385356
TI  - Developmental changes in attentional skills: the effect of irrelevant variations
      on encoding and response selection.
AB  - The present experiments examine how irrelevant variations within a stimulus set
      interfere with performance in a selective attention task. Second graders, fifth
      graders, and adults were administered a discrete trial version of a selective
      attention task in which they were required to search for an object that matched
      the prime on the targeted dimension. The stimuli in the first experiment were
      constructed from spatially integrated dimensions whereas the second experiment
      used spatially separated dimensions. The results indicated that while the
      spatially separated dimensions were perceived independently by all age groups,
      developmental differences in perceived structure were evident with the spatially
      integrated dimensions. Problems associated with response selection were a major
      source of interference with both types of stimuli, but the severity of the
      interference varied with the age of the perceiver and the nature of the stimuli.
      The developmental implications of these findings were considered.

PMID- 3385357
TI  - The role of linguistic and visual information in spelling: a developmental study.
AB  - This study investigated the processes that elementary school children use for
      spelling. Good and poor spellers in grades 3 through 6 spelled words and nonwords
      that differed in the types of information (phonological, orthographic,
      morphological, or visual) that could be used to produce their correct spelling. A
      multiple choice spelling recognition task was also administered. Error rates on
      words and nonwords were related to the type of information that could be used to
      determine the correct spelling. Words that could be spelled on the basis of
      linguistic information were easier than words that could be spelled only on the
      basis of visual information. While children were sensitive to the linguistic
      properties of the stimuli, their use and knowledge of various sources of
      linguistic information was not uniformly developed. Children had the most
      difficulty with spellings based on morphological information and the least
      difficulty with those based on invariant sound-spelling relationships. On the
      dictation and the nonword tasks, younger children and poorer spellers differed
      from older children and better spellers in the overall level of their knowledge,
      but all children showed a similar pattern of results suggesting that they did not
      use different processes to spell words. However, the data from the recognition
      task suggested that poor spellers may rely more on visual information than good
      spellers.

PMID- 3385358
TI  - Some observations on control by spoken words in children's conditional
      discrimination and matching by exclusion.
AB  - This study examined matching-to-sample procedures that might result in the
      emergence of conditional behavior never explicitly taught. Subjects were
      preschool children. Two pictures were displayed as comparisons on every trial,
      and samples were spoken words. In baseline training preceding each of three
      experiments, children learned to select pictures of a dog, a table, and a banana
      in response to their spoken English names. Thereafter, probe trials displayed
      novel comparisons with baseline comparisons: one novel comparison was displayed
      with the dog and another with the table. The three experiments differed primarily
      in the nature of the samples presented on probe trials. In Experiment 1, probe
      samples were novel words, "JAIJAI" and "BREEL." On the probes, each of seven
      subjects reliably selected the novel comparisons, apparently "excluding" the
      familiar ones. In Experiment 2, probe samples were from the subjects' baseline.
      On one probe, for example, the sample was "TABLE," and the subject had to choose
      either the dog or the novel picture. Exclusion was logically possible because the
      dog had always before been incorrect in the presence of "TABLE." Under these
      conditions, however, only two of nine children excluded reliably. In Experiment
      3, probe samples were words that had never been samples on any matching-to-sample
      trial, but that had controlled the children's behavior in other settings. On one
      probe, for example, the sample was "PENCIL," and the subject had to choose either
      the dog or a novel picture. Subjects virtually always excluded the former and
      selected the latter. Unreliable exclusion in Experiment 2, therefore, apparently
      resulted because the probe samples had previously served also as samples on
      baseline trials. Spontaneous verbalizations recorded during probing provided
      further data consistent with this interpretation. The study helps to define
      variables controlling exclusion performances by showing that such performances
      are more likely to occur if the sample has no prior experimental history.

PMID- 3385359
TI  - Recombinant human tumor necrosis factor induces acute reductions in food intake
      and body weight in mice.
AB  - We examined the effects of treatment with rHuTNF on food consumption and body
      weight in C3H/HeJ mice. rHuTNF was administered intraperitoneally either by
      injections of 3, 12, or 24 micrograms twice a day or by implantation of osmotic
      pumps that released 0.75, 3, or 12 micrograms per day. Dose-dependent reductions
      in both food intake and weight were induced by rHuTNF. However, in spite of
      continued exposure to rHuTNF, the mice developed a resistance to rHuTNF and
      resumed their pretreatment food intake and weight. Non-immunological factors may
      play a role in the development of this tolerance, since it developed rapidly and
      faded within 2 wk of cessation of exposure to rHuTNF.

PMID- 3385360
TI  - Complement activation is required for IgM-mediated enhancement of the antibody
      response.
AB  - The ability of IgM antibodies to specifically enhance the thymus-dependent
      humoral immune response to particulate antigens is well documented. We have used
      two approaches to test whether complement factors play a role in this process.
      First, mice were depleted of C3 by treatment with cobra venom factor (CVF) and
      then immunized with SRBC with or without IgM-anti-SRBC. CVF treatment severely
      impaired the capacity of IgM to induce an enhanced anti-SRBC response. Moreover,
      it was shown that IgM can potentiate the response in C5-deficient AKR mice, thus
      demonstrating that the complement factors acting before C5 are the crucial ones.
      A second test compared the enhancing properties of two monoclonal IgM-anti-TNP
      antibodies where, because of a point mutation in the mu chain constant region,
      one of the antibodies is impaired in its capacity to activate complement. We show
      that the mutant antibody lacks the enhancing properties of the wild-type IgM.
      Activation of C3 by IgM antibodies as well as localization of antigen in the
      spleen seem to be necessary steps in the IgM-mediated enhancement of antibody
      responses. Our data offer an explanation to the immunosuppression described in
      CVF-treated animals as well as the low humoral immune responses in certain
      hereditary complement deficiencies. It is suggested that IgM indeed has an
      important physiological function in enhancing antibody responses to foreign
      substances.

PMID- 3385361
TI  - D-[3H]glucosamine labelling of epidermal and dermal glycosaminoglycans in
      cultured human skin.
AB  - An in vitro model is presented for the study of glycosaminoglycans in human skin.
      The synthesis of six glycosaminoglycan species in both dermis and epidermis was
      measured by D-[3H]glucosamine labelling. Punched biopsies (epidermis + entire
      dermis) of 3 mm in diameter were cultured at 37 degrees C in 5% carbon dioxide
      95% air. When the label was added 18 h after explantation, the incorporation
      started immediately, and for all glycosaminoglycans the time-dependent
      incorporation was linear for 16 h. The experimental variation was minimized by
      expressing the measurements in epidermis "per explant" and in dermis "per mg of
      wet explant". A ratio to dermal hydroxyproline did not improve the precision.
      Most of the variation arose "before" isolation and separation of the
      glycosaminoglycans. The labelled products were macromolecules and were converted
      to small molecules by chondroitinase ABC + heparinase. The total incorporation in
      dermis was 2 1/2 times higher than in epidermis. Hyaluronic acid was the
      predominant synthesized product in dermis, and hyaluronic acid and heparan
      sulphate were the predominant products in epidermis. The proportions (%) in
      dermis/epidermis were as follows: hyaluronic acid, 61/44; heparan sulphate,
      18/31; dermatan sulphate, 5/8; chondroitin 4/6-sulphate, 10/7 and heparin-like
      glycosaminoglycan, 1/2. The same species were also demonstrated as native
      constituents of uncultured human skin. Hyaluronic acid and dermatan sulphate
      predominated in dermis, whereas no single species predominated in epidermis.
      Their concentrations in uronic acid equivalents per mg of wet skin (pmol/mg of
      epidermis + dermis) were as follows in dermis/epidermis: hyaluronic acid,
      243/0.48; heparan sulphate, 22/0.44; dermatan sulphate, 170/0.56; chondroitin 4/6
      sulphate, 72/0.50; and heparin-like glycosaminoglycan, 5/0.22. Thus, only 0.4% of
      the in vivo synthesized glycosaminoglycan was present in epidermis.

PMID- 3385362
TI  - Blood glucose, lactate, pyruvate, glycerol, 3-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate
      measurements in man using a centrifugal analyser with a fluorimetric attachment.
AB  - Methods are described for the analysis of glucose, lactate, pyruvate, alanine,
      glycerol, 3-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate in perchloric acid extracts of human
      blood, using the Cobas Bio centrifugal analyser fitted with a fluorimetric
      attachment. Intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients of variation ranged from 1.9
      to 7.9% and from 1.0 to 7.2% respectively. Correlation coefficients ranged from
      0.96 to 0.99 against established continuous-flow and manual spectrophotometric
      methods. All seven metabolites can be measured using a single perchloric acid
      extract of 20 microliter of blood. The versatility of the assays is such that as
      little as 100 pmol pyruvate, 3-hydroxybutyrate or as much as 15 nmol glucose can
      be measured in the same 20 microliter extract.

PMID- 3385363
TI  - The application of a photon-counting camera in very sensitive, bioluminescence
      enhanced detection systems for protein blotting. Ultrasensitive detection systems
      for protein blotting and DNA hybridization, II.
AB  - A relatively simple, very sensitive bioluminescence-enhanced detection system for
      protein blots was described recently. This method utilizes antibodies conjugated
      with alkaline phosphatase. Alkaline phosphatase releases D-luciferin (Photinus
      pyralis) from D-luciferin-O-phosphate. Liberated D-luciferin reacts with
      luciferase, ATP and oxygen with light emission. The light produced is measured
      with a very sensitive photon counting camera (Argus 100), permitting
      visualization and localization of the alkaline phosphatase-conjugated antibodies
      on nitrocellulose sheets. Under non-optimized conditions the limit of detection
      is at present 5 to 500 fg of protein (rabbit immunoglobulin G), corresponding to
      30 to 3 amol. The method is therefore 10(5) times more sensitive than other used
      at present.

PMID- 3385364
TI  - International Federation of Clinical Chemistry, Education Committee: Guidelines
      (1986) for the preparation of aims and objectives for the teaching of clinical
      chemistry.

PMID- 3385365
TI  - International Federation of Clinical Chemistry, Scientific Committee: Drug
      interferences and drug effects in clinical chemistry. Part 3. Evaluation of
      biological effects of drugs.

PMID- 3385366
TI  - International Federation of Clinical Chemistry, Scientific Committee: Drug
      interferences and drug effects in clinical chemistry. Part 4. Clinical laboratory
      tests on laboratory animals during toxicity studies.

PMID- 3385367
TI  - International Federation of Clinical Chemistry, Scientific Committee: Drug
      interferences and drug effects in clinical chemistry. Part 6. Laboratory tests in
      monitoring drug administration.

PMID- 3385368
TI  - Improved growth and development of presomite mouse embryos in whole embryo
      culture.
AB  - A rotator whole embryo culture system was used to assess the growth and
      development of late-primitive-streak-stage (Theiler stage 9-10) mouse embryos to
      the limb-bud stage of organogenesis in a variety of media containing combinations
      of mouse serum (MS), rat serum (RS), and Tyrode's buffer (TB). The results
      demonstrate that embryonic growth and morphogenesis to the early limb-bud stage
      (20 somite pairs; 48-h total culture period) mimicked that in vivo when embryos
      were grown for 24 h in combinations of MS:RS:TB 1:2:1 or 2:1:1 (v/v/v) and then
      were transferred to fresh medium containing RS:TB 3:1 at the early somite stage.
      When the culture period was extended for an additional 24 h (total 72-h culture
      period) embryonic growth retardation was observed. Regardless of the medium
      employed, superior growth was observed in embryos transferred at the early somite
      stage when compared to embryos cultured continuously in the same medium for the
      entire 48- or 72-h culture period.

PMID- 3385369
TI  - Identification of Xenopus laevis sperm and egg envelope binding components on
      nitrocellulose membranes.
AB  - Interacting egg envelope and sperm surface components were identified for Xenopus
      laevis using blotting methods. Sperm were extracted with sodium dodecyl sulfate
      (SDS), the extracted proteins separated by gel electrophoresis and blotted, and
      the blots treated with 125I-labeled heat solubilized envelopes. The converse
      experiment was also performed where envelope components were separated by gel
      electrophoresis, blotted, and the blots treated with 125I-labeled sperm
      components. Blotted sperm components with apparent molecular weights of 14K, 19K,
      25K, and 35K selectively bound the solubilized envelopes. All of the envelope
      binding components were found to be localized on the sperm surface by
      radioiodinating intact sperm using Iodo-Gen. The blotted egg envelope component
      with an apparent molecular weight of 37K selectively bound to solubilized sperm
      components, and this binding was due to the protein moiety of the glycoprotein.
      125I-labeled heat solubilized envelopes from unfertilized and fertilized eggs
      showed the same pattern of binding to blotted sperm components. Selected sulfated
      carbohydrates (fucoidan, dextran sulfate, and heparin, but not chondroitin
      sulfate) inhibited fertilization and binding of 125I-labeled heat solubilized
      envelopes to blotted sperm extract. Thus, the binding of heat solubilized
      envelopes to electrophoretically separated and blotted sperm proteins may reflect
      cellular interactions.

PMID- 3385370
TI  - Effects of epinephrine on branchial and renal calcium handling in the rainbow
      trout.
AB  - Acute exposure of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) to low external calcium (25
      microM) caused an immediate but transient increase in plasma epinephrine
      concentration that may have been related to a concomitant depression of blood pH.
      Intra-arterial infusion of epinephrine at normal ambient calcium levels (0.35 mM)
      for 4 h caused circulating levels of epinephrine to rise from 2.9 X 10(-9) to 8.0
      X 10(-8) M but did not affect norepinephrine levels, or branchial unidirectional
      calcium fluxes. Active (ATP-dependent) calcium transport across basolateral
      plasma membranes prepared from gill epithelial cells was not affected by
      pretreatment of fish with epinephrine or by direct application of epinephrine or
      cAMP, in vitro. Epinephrine infusion elevated urine flow rate, decreased urine
      pH, and increased urine phosphate levels significantly. Net renal calcium efflux
      increased significantly as a result of the increased urine flow rate. It is
      concluded that epinephrine does not stimulate branchial calcium uptake or renal
      conservation of calcium in rainbow trout at normal external calcium levels and
      therefore we cautiously suggest that epinephrine is unlikely to be involved in
      calcium balance during periods of exposure to low external calcium. Instead,
      epinephrine may play a role in compensating the acid-base disturbances and the
      increased branchial water influx that are associated with exposure to low ambient
      calcium.

PMID- 3385371
TI  - In vitro effects of calmodulin antagonists on macrophage function in the
      posterior necrotic zone of the chick wing.
AB  - Excised tissues from the prospective posterior necrotic zone (pPNZ) of the stage
      21 chick wing were cultured in the presence of the calmodulin antagonists/protein
      kinase C inhibitors trifluoperazine (TFP) or chlorpromazine (CPZ). The appearance
      of cell death in vitro was not affected by the drugs. Macrophages differentiated
      normally and were competent to engulf debris. Lysosomal fusion with phagosomes
      and the digestion of most debris also occurred in the presence of the drugs.
      However, the macrophages were unable to process internalized cell membranes
      properly and continued accumulating membrane until they were grossly distended.
      The effect was reversible upon removal of the drugs. The results suggest a role
      for calmodulin and/or protein kinase C in the proper recycling of internalized
      membrane in embryonic macrophages.

PMID- 3385372
TI  - In vitro differentiation of male germ line cells from sea urchin testis.
AB  - Fragments of sea urchin testicular tissue were cultured at 15 degrees C in serum
      supplemented seawater for 5 weeks. Cells whose DNA had been pulse-labelled with
      3H-thymidine at the beginning of the experiment were followed by autoradiography,
      and counts were made of the proportions of each male germ-line cell type from
      sections of tissue at several time points. Differentiation of spermatogonia to
      mid-spermatids occurred within the first 10 days, with a decline of about 40% in
      the total number of spermatogonia and an increase of 250% in the number of mid
      spermatids. Thereafter, no changes occurred in the proportions of germ-line
      cells, although tissue integrity was maintained throughout. The results indicate
      that sea urchin male germ-line cells can complete meiosis and the first stages of
      spermiogenesis including nuclear condensation and cytoplasmic reduction in
      culture with kinetics similar to those in vivo. The system should permit analysis
      of factors responsible for male germ-cell differentiation.

PMID- 3385373
TI  - Human sperm acrosome reaction-initiating activity associated with the human
      cumulus oophorus and mural granulosa cells.
AB  - This report describes the detection and partial characterization of preovulatory
      human cumulus oophorus and mural granulosa cell-associated activity capable of
      initiating the human sperm acrosome reaction (AR) in vitro. Fragments of
      preovulatory human cumulus (cells plus extracellular matrix) were washed 3 times,
      incubated for 24 hr and the spent media and washes assayed for their ability to
      initiate the human sperm acrosome reaction (AR) in vitro. AR activity was present
      in the first two washes but not the third wash; however, AR activity was
      recovered in the spent medium after 3 X-washed fragments were incubated for 24 hr
      under conditions which maintained the viability of the cumulus cells. The spent
      media of preovulatory human mural granulosa cells contained AR-initiating
      activity after 1-3, 3-6, and 6-9 days of culture. The properties of the AR
      activity present in spent media of human cumulus fragments included resistance to
      loss of activity during treatment with pronase; resistance to loss of activity
      during treatment with chondroitinase ABC or bacterial hyaluronidase; heat
      stability after overnight incubation; lack of extraction by chloroform-methanol;
      an apparent molecular weight (MW) of 50,000, as determined by Sephadex G-75
      column chromatography; conversion to a lower apparent MW activity by incubation
      with pronase. These properties are also characteristic of a fraction derived by
      Sephadex G-75 chromatography of preovulatory human follicular fluid which also
      has been shown to stimulate the human sperm acrosome reaction in vitro. The AR
      activity from spent media of human mural granulosa cells is also found in a
      50,000 MW Sephadex G-75 fraction. We propose that the sources of the 50,000 MW
      human follicular fluid AR activity are the cumulus oophorus and the mural
      granulosa cells.

PMID- 3385374
TI  - Sex identification in fresh blood and dried bloodstains by a nonisotopic
      deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) analyzing technique.
AB  - Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) specimens were prepared from blood or bloodstain
      extracts, and the content of a Y-chromosome specific DNA fragment was
      investigated by the Southern hybridization method using a nonisotopic staining
      technique. Thus obtained patterns of male DNA showed a clear band, whereas broad
      stains with some faint bands appeared on the patterns of DNA from both sexes.
      This method is expected to be a new powerful mean of forensic medical
      examination.

PMID- 3385375
TI  - Identification of male bloodstains by dot hybridization of human Y chromosome
      specific deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) probe.
AB  - The sex determination of bloodstains was performed using a human Y chromosome
      specific (DNA) fragment of 1.9-kb length as a hybridization probe. The DNA
      samples were taken from 1- and 4-week-old bloodstains of males and females,
      respectively. Strong signals with male DNA were observed by Y-probe, while faint
      signals with female DNA were detected. In addition, clear signals were observed
      in the extract samples from male bloodstains (16-week-old) on paper. Dot
      hybridization of the Y-probe would be widely applicable to studies on sex
      determination of medicolegal materials such as blood, bloodstains, teeth, and
      cadaverous parts.

PMID- 3385376
TI  - Detection of hemagglutinins in dried saliva stains and their potential use in
      blood typing.
AB  - Since 1928, hemagglutinins have been known to exist in saliva; however, they have
      not been utilized as evidence in criminal investigations because in the past,
      techniques for measuring them have not been sufficiently sensitive. In this paper
      we describe improved techniques for detecting salivary hemagglutinins and report
      initial results obtained with these methods. The stability of salivary
      hemagglutinins at several different temperatures was examined in liquid samples
      and in dried stains on filter paper, cigarette butts, and envelope flaps. Our
      observations indicate that salivary hemagglutinins may be sufficiently stable,
      over periods of one to several days at ambient room temperatures, to be of value
      to forensic science investigators. The results of the hemagglutinin assay are not
      affected by the age or sex of the sample donor. Because salivary hemagglutinins
      can be used to determine ABO blood type, analyses of this kind can serve as an
      important confirmatory test which the forensic serologist can use in conjunction
      with salivary agglutinogen determinations.

PMID- 3385377
TI  - Drug use by tractor-trailer drivers.
AB  - Blood or urine samples or both were obtained from 317 of 359 randomly selected
      tractor-trailer drivers asked to participate in a driver health survey conducted
      at a truck weighing station on Interstate 40 in Tennessee. Altogether, 29% of the
      drivers had evidence of alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, prescription or
      nonprescription stimulants, or some combination of these, in either blood or
      urine. Cannabinoids were found in 15% of the drivers' blood or urine;
      nonprescription stimulants such as phenylpropanolamine were found in 12%;
      prescription stimulants such as amphetamine were found in 5%; cocaine metabolites
      were found in 2%; and alcohol was found in less than 1%. These results provide
      the first objective information about the use of potentially abusive drugs by
      tractor-trailer drivers. The extent of driver impairment attributable to the
      observed drugs is uncertain because of the complex relationship between
      performance and drug concentrations.

PMID- 3385378
TI  - The examination of illicit cocaine.
AB  - A laboratory system of examination of illicit cocaine exhibits is described.
      Separation and identification of many of the components in exhibits are achieved
      by the use of capillary column gas chromatography and a Finnigan ion trap
      detector. Further examination and quantitation of the components of exhibits is
      achieved using two high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) systems. Both
      of these systems use identical reverse phase C8 columns. System 1 employs a
      solvent composed of 40% acetonitrile, 10% tetrahydrofuran and 50% 0.1% v/v
      aqueous triethylamine. The eluant is monitored at 280 nm. This system is
      preferred for routine quantitative analysis of cocaine and related alkaloids in
      exhibits. System 2 employs a solvent composed of 30% acetonitrile and 70% 0.05M
      phosphate buffer (pH = 5.0). The eluant from this system is monitored at both 220
      and 280 nm. This system offers advantages in sensitivity. The relative retention
      times of a number of relevant substances as determined with gas chromatography
      and the two HPLC systems are given. The utility of the methodology for the
      identification and comparison of exhibits is demonstrated.

PMID- 3385379
TI  - Comparison of the terminal ballistics of full metal jacket 7.62-mm M80 (NATO) and
      5.56-mm M193 military bullets: a study in ordnance gelatin.
AB  - Great controversy has surrounded the replacement of the 7.62-mm caliber by the
      reduced 5.56-mm caliber as the standard U.S. military rifle. Although its
      relevance to human wounding can be debated, the terminal ballistics of military
      small arms in ordnance gelatin remains a convenient medium for comparative
      testing. In the present study, 7- by 10- by 24-in. (18 by 25 by 61 cm) blocks of
      20% ordnance gelatin were fired upon from a range of 19 ft (6 m) under high-speed
      cinemagraphic surveillance. The tendency of the M193 5.56-mm full metal jacket
      projectile to break up in soft tissue simulant was confirmed as a fundamental
      difference from the 7.62-mm M80 NATO ball.

PMID- 3385380
TI  - Sexing North American Eskimo and Indian innominate bones with the
      acetabulum/pubis index.
AB  - The acetabulum/pubis index was tested on American Eskimo and Indian samples of
      innominate bones to which sex had been assigned by visual inspection. The index
      alone sexed 91 and 89% of the Eskimo and Indian samples, respectively. Subsequent
      sorting of misclassified specimens with femur head diameter resulted in 96 and
      99% rates of classification. The index and a measurement of ischial height were
      used in a discriminant function model which correctly identified the sex of 93%
      of the Eskimo and 92% of the Indian bones. Using femur head diameter to sort
      those specimens which were misclassified by their discriminant function score
      yielded classification rates of 96 and 98%. These results are compared to a range
      of 92 to 100% obtained with the index in earlier studies of American black and
      white pelvic bone samples.

PMID- 3385381
TI  - Individuality of human palatal rugae.
AB  - Investigators have implied that palatal rugae are unique to each individual.
      However, these researchers have disagreed as to whether or not legal
      identification could be based solely on palatal rugae. Previous studies used poor
      duplicating materials and may not have considered the effects of growth,
      extractions, palatal expansion, or some combination of these. The inadvertent use
      of other features of the cast, such as teeth, edentulous ridge morphology, muscle
      attachments, vestibular depth, or some combination of these, to aid in the
      identification, may have influenced their results. The purpose of this
      investigation was to determine if palatal rugae can be relied upon for
      identification. Twenty-five orthodontic cases were selected with pre- and post
      treatment casts; orthodontic treatment had taken eighteen to sixty months. One
      hundred casts were randomly selected as variables. All casts were trimmed so that
      all areas except for the rugae area of the hard palate were removed. The twenty
      five post-orthodontic casts were dispersed within 100 randomly selected casts.
      Nine investigators were given the twenty-five pre-orthodontic casts and asked to
      compare them to the other one hundred and twenty-five casts for possible matches.
      Data were collected as to percentage of correct matches and time required for
      comparison. Each set of pre- and post-orthodontic casts was properly identified
      (100%) by 8 investigators, and the remaining investigator correctly matched 22
      out of 25 casts (88%). These conclusions were drawn.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3385382
TI  - Sudden death following administration of radio contrast media.
AB  - Six patients died suddenly following the administration of radio contrast media.
      All had received the so-called older agents which are being replaced by newer
      contrast agents, which are characterized by reduced osmolality. Five of the six
      patients experienced almost immediate difficulty in breathing followed by death.

PMID- 3385383
TI  - A hybrid ampholyte focusing technique for esterase D subtyping of evidentiary
      material.
AB  - An ultrathin-layer polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing technique that uses a
      composite of ampholytes from three commercial sources is described for subtyping
      esterase D. All common allelic products of esterase D were separated clearly. The
      technique described in this paper provides a higher conclusive call rate on known
      blood specimens (95.8%) and questioned bloodstains (69.7%) compared with
      continuous zone electrophoresis in agarose gels (89.9 and 37.6%, respectively).

PMID- 3385384
TI  - A method of orientation of skull and camera for use in forensic photographic
      investigation.
AB  - The ability to obtain accurate superimposition of the image of the teeth from
      ante- and post-mortem dentitions is a prerequisite of photographic
      superimposition. A prototype skull and camera holder is described that enables
      this to be achieved quickly and simply. The position of the skull relative to the
      attitude of the face in the photograph can then be documented and hence
      reproduced as required.

PMID- 3385385
TI  - Identification of wooden instrument by scanning electron microscopy from
      splinters left in victim.
AB  - Case presentation concerns a twelve-year-old boy who was sexually assaulted,
      beaten, and murdered. A broken wooden broomstick was used in the attack to impale
      the victim through the rectum. Following the autopsy, splinters from the body
      were found by light microscopy. Macrodissected splinters were removed from the
      anus, rectum, and urinary bladder of the victim and examined by scanning electron
      microscopy. The splinters were identified as the same type of wood as the
      broomstick.

PMID- 3385386
TI  - Death from pool chlorine--an unusual case.
AB  - A tank truck containing bulk pool chlorinating solution overturned. A man was
      trapped beneath the truck, and a ruptured seam in the tank released a continuous
      flow of sodium hypochlorite over him. He survived for 10 min as the caustic
      solution extensively eroded soft tissue exposed to the chemical flow.

PMID- 3385387
TI  - Traumatic false aneurysm of descending aorta with aortoesophageal fistula.
AB  - We report a case of traumatically induced false aneurysm with secondary bacterial
      aortitis of the descending aorta and fistula formation between the aorta and
      esophagus. This lesion was diagnosed at autopsy and caused death in a 68-year-old
      female 19 years after an automobile accident. Aortoesophageal fistula (AEF)
      formation as a result of any cause is rare. To our knowledge, this is the second
      reported case of traumatic aortic aneurysm as a result of an automobile accident
      with subsequent AEF formation.

PMID- 3385388
TI  - High haloperidol concentrations in a traffic suicide.
AB  - High concentrations of haloperidol are seen in a psychiatric patient who ran from
      a health care facility into traffic. Haloperidol concentrations were found to be
      1.2 mg/L in heart blood, 2.7 mg/L in brain, and 10.8 mg/L in liver. No other
      drugs were detected.

PMID- 3385389
TI  - Dragging deaths: a case in point.
AB  - A 16-year-old boy was riding his bicycle when he was struck by a truck. He was
      dragged over 2 1/2 miles (4 km) before he was deposited on the side of the road.
      The injuries evident at autopsy revealed the boy died from dragging and not from
      the initial impact. The scene, and the autopsy findings, will be discussed.

PMID- 3385390
TI  - The wrong prescription.

PMID- 3385392
TI  - Where have all the nurses gone?

PMID- 3385391
TI  - What are the obstacles?

PMID- 3385393
TI  - Treating the terminally ill patient.

PMID- 3385394
TI  - AIDS: initiatives and priorities.

PMID- 3385395
TI  - Blood exposures: a community hospitals approach.

PMID- 3385396
TI  - AIDS and children.

PMID- 3385397
TI  - AIDS and drug abuse.

PMID- 3385398
TI  - Infected patients: psychosocial-psychiatric needs.

PMID- 3385400
TI  - Ethics in the care of AIDS patients.

PMID- 3385399
TI  - Human immunodeficiency virus infection in a rural community.

PMID- 3385401
TI  - Analysis of Florida data on malpractice insurance and litigation in orthopedic
      surgery.

PMID- 3385402
TI  - Quantitating quality in medical practice: an economic reality or another mythic
      voyage in pursuit of the golden fleece?

PMID- 3385403
TI  - Don't allow greed to wreck America's tort/insurance system.

PMID- 3385404
TI  - The cannibalism must stop.

PMID- 3385405
TI  - The response of infants with bronchiolitis to the proteins of respiratory
      syncytial virus.
AB  - Acute phase sera were collected from 28 infants hospitalized with bronchiolitis
      due to respiratory syncytial (RS) virus and convalescent sera were collected from
      24 of them. The sera were assayed for neutralizing antibodies by plaque
      inhibition, for antibodies to the viral proteins by Western blot against
      partially purified RS virus, and for their ability to inhibit attachment and
      fusion. Among the 28 acute phase sera, 27 had antibody to the attachment
      glycoprotein (G), 16 had antibody to the fusion glycoprotein (F), but none had
      antibody to the matrix protein (VPM). Both the geometric mean anti-G titre, and
      the geometric mean anti-F titre correlated with the 50% neutralizing dose (ND50)
      titre in the acute phase serum. Among the 24 convalescent sera, only four
      exhibited an increase in neutralizing antibody titre. The response to G appeared
      to be related to the acute phase ND50 titre. Of 17 infants with acute phase
      titres of less than 100 ND50/ml, 10 responded to G while there was no response to
      this protein in seven infants with acute phase titres greater than 100 ND50/ml.
      While only one infant responded to F, 18 responded to the phosphorylated
      nucleocapsid protein, VP32, and none responded to VPM. The ability of the acute
      phase sera to inhibit virus attachment to HeLa cells and to inhibit fusion
      correlated with the anti-G titre and the anti-F titre, respectively. However,
      there was no correlation between the inhibition of fusion and the anti-F titre in
      the convalescent sera, almost all of which inhibited fusion. These results
      suggest that the infected infants were responding to RS virus, but that their
      response to the viral proteins was either masked or slowed by residual maternal
      antibody. The inability to detect VPM in the acute and convalescent phase sera,
      as well as in 20 paired maternal and cord sera at a 1:50 dilution suggested that
      VPM, although it is one of the most prevalent viral proteins in both the virion
      and the infected cell, may be poorly antigenic in humans.

PMID- 3385406
TI  - Association between the pH-dependent conformational change of West Nile
      flavivirus E protein and virus-mediated membrane fusion.
AB  - The major envelope protein (E) of West Nile virus mediates fusion between the
      membranes of the viral envelope and the target cell at optimum pH values of just
      below neutrality. The fusion is critical for the entry mechanism, allowing virus
      to escape from the acidic endosomal compartment. To define the role of the viral
      E protein in the fusion reaction, the conformational change in E and concomitant
      change of viral infectivity were studied quantitatively, using protease digestion
      of the E protein and assay of viral infectivity. The results showed that the
      conformational change occurred in a pH-dependent manner with an upper threshold
      of pH 7.0 and maximum conversion occurring at pH 6.4 and below. The conversion
      was rapid and reached a half-maximal value within 15 s after acidification. The
      exposure of free or cell-bound virions to acid pH resulted in the loss of
      infectivity in an almost identical pH-dependent manner. Based on these findings,
      it is suggested that there are two distinct viral modes of entry into
      macrophages, i.e. infectious endocytosis and non-infectious viral fusion with
      plasma membranes, with the pH of the extracellular medium determining which of
      these predominates. The implications of these observations for the role of the E
      protein in membrane fusion and the probable localization of fusion epitopes are
      discussed.

PMID- 3385407
TI  - Partial nucleotide sequence and deduced amino acid sequence of the structural
      proteins of dengue virus type 2, New Guinea C and PUO-218 strains.
AB  - The nucleotide sequence and the deduced amino acid sequence for the genes
      encoding the structural proteins of two strains of dengue virus type 2 (DEN-2)
      were determined from cDNA clones. The genes for C, prM(M) and E proteins were
      sequenced for the prototype DEN-2 virus, the New Guinea C strain. Also sequenced
      were the prM(M) and E genes of PUO-218. This strain of DEN-2 was isolated during
      1980 in Bangkok and had received a limited number of laboratory passages.
      Comparisons of the newly determined sequences with those published for the
      Jamaica 1409 and Puerto Rico PR-159 (S1 vaccine candidate) strains revealed a
      close relationship between New Guinea C virus and both the Jamaica and PUO-218
      viruses (greater than 96% similarity in nucleotides of the E gene), whereas S1
      virus was the most divergent.

PMID- 3385408
TI  - One defective interfering particle per cell prevents influenza virus-mediated
      cytopathology: an efficient assay system.
AB  - The titre of defective interfering (DI) influenza virus measured by an assay
      based on the inhibition of cytopathology caused by A/WSN (H1N1) influenza virus
      in MDCK cells was 320,000-fold greater than titres measured by inhibition of
      infectious centre formation. Interference was less in other types of cell. By
      electron microscopy, we have shown that the ratio between physical particles and
      DI units in preparations of the DI virus was approximately unity, which suggested
      that one or few DI particles is/are required to confer resistance of a MDCK cell
      to viral cytopathology. This human DI virus interfered heterotypically with an
      avian H7N1 influenza virus.

PMID- 3385409
TI  - Electron microscopic evidence for bridges between bovine respiratory syncytial
      virus particles.
AB  - Electron microscopic examination of ultrathin sections of a continuous cell line
      of ovine kidney (OK) origin, infected by bovine respiratory syncytial virus
      (BRSV), revealed the presence of well defined bridges between virus particles.
      This is the first report of this novel structure. Observation of ultrathin
      sections of human RSV Long strain also grown on OK cells did not show inter
      particle bridges and therefore suggested that this structure could be specific to
      BRSV. The biological significance of these bridges is not clear at this time; a
      possibility is that the bridges are formed by the fusion protein of BRSV which is
      known to cause cell fusion. Besides the structural implications, the importance
      is in relation to purification strategies for this virus, which must now take
      into account that most of the viral particles occur in large aggregates.

PMID- 3385410
TI  - Ultrastructure of human immunodeficiency virus type 2.
AB  - The ultrastructure of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) was determined
      by negative stain and thin section electron microscopy (EM). Some virus particles
      had surface projections about 10 nm in length which were evenly spaced. Nonidet
      P40-treated particles which were penetrated by stain revealed a distinctive off
      centre cone-shaped core and, in addition, free-lying cores were also seen in
      detergent-treated preparations. The surface of the cores was composed of a layer
      of small subunits. The structure of HIV-2 determined by thin section EM was the
      same as that deduced by negative stain EM.

PMID- 3385411
TI  - The effect of mood and pleasant versus unpleasant information feedback on
      performing a motor skill.
AB  - The effect of negative, positive, or neutral feedback on a rotary pursuit task as
      a function of the subject's depressed or elated mood was ascertained.
      Specifically, the self-schema hypothesis was examined. Ninety female volunteers,
      ranging in age from 18 to 25 years, participated. They were randomly assigned to
      one of eight conditions based on depressed or elated mood states, elicited by
      Velten's (1968) mood induction procedure, and feedback. A control group received
      no feedback and was not subjected to a mood inducing treatment. Baseline measures
      and changes in mood were determined by the Multiple Adjective Affective Checklist
      (MAACL). Bogus feedback was offered after all but one of the trials. The
      subjects' mood changed significantly during the mood-inducing treatment. For
      motor performance, partial support was lent to self-schema. Elated and depressed
      subjects performed best under positive and negative feedback, respectively. The
      effects, however, were temporary.

PMID- 3385413
TI  - Target letter inclusion in single and multiple word substrings and identification
      accuracy.
AB  - In experiment 1, target letter discrimination in quadrigrams containing multiple
      subwords was found to be no more accurate than target letter discrimination in
      strings of four unrelated letters. Discrimination in quadrigrams, each including
      the target letter and a one-word trigram of which the target was not a part, was
      significantly poorer than discrimination in either of the other two types. In
      Experiment 2, a possible explanation of the latter result involving capacity
      limitations was eliminated by presenting the target above or below the other
      letters, which were presented in the same order as in corresponding strings in
      Experiment 1. The results are explained with respect to the interactive
      activation model of context effects in letter perception, with a modification
      proposed involving inhibitory connections between word nodes.

PMID- 3385412
TI  - Effects of relation similarity on part-whole decisions.
AB  - Subjects were presented with word pairs (e.g., bed-mattress) and timed as they
      decided whether one word named part of the item named by the other word. Yes
      responses were facilitated, and no responses were impeded, by relation similarity
      (i.e., the similarity of the relation between the two stimulus items to the part
      whole relation). Item similarity, the similarity of the two stimulus items to
      each other, had no effect. The results support the view that similarity effects
      in semantic decision tasks are due to the comparison of elements of the relation
      between the two stimulus words against relation elements that serve as criteria
      for the target relation that the subject has been asked to identify.

PMID- 3385414
TI  - The relationship of undershooting (anticipation) error in space localization to
      spatial dimension and spatial category width.
AB  - In this study I explored whether the degree of anticipation/habituation
      (undershooting/overshooting) varies with the dimension to be localized, when the
      method of adjustment is used in space localization. In this study, undershooting
      occurred for both the vertical (Group 1) and the horizontal (Group 2) dimensions,
      but was significant only for verticality. The magnitude of undershooting observed
      for verticality was significantly greater than that for horizontality. A
      secondary issue regarding the possible relationship between spatial category
      width and undershooting/overshooting was examined. It was hypothesized that
      greater degree of spatial category width would be associated with greater
      undershooting. The opposite was found: Spatial category width was negatively
      related to undershooting. Finally, within each group, very high consistency of
      magnitude of spatial category width was observed (rs greater than .90), despite
      the fact that spatial category width showed shrinkage over the course of the
      study.

PMID- 3385415
TI  - Reaction time measures of backward masking.
AB  - We employed both simple and choice reaction time (RT) paradigms in which the
      subjects were required to respond to 3.0 cycles per degree (c/d) square-wave
      gratings presented to one eye, while checkerboard masks were presented at various
      stimulus-onset asynchronies to the other eye. No masking was evident using the
      simple RT paradigm, but with the choice RT task, checkerboard masks presented to
      the contralateral eye of three subjects resulted in substantial decreases in
      response speed when the test preceded the mask by stimulus-onset asynchronies of
      25 to 75 ms. Masks that contained lower fundamental spatial frequencies (1.0 c/d)
      than the target were more effective than masks containing fundamental spatial
      frequencies (6.0 c/d) higher than the target, while masks that contained
      fundamental components identical to those in the target (3.0 c/d) produced
      maximum masking. The results offer support for the sustained-transient theory of
      visual processing and validate RT as a technique for examining spatio-temporal
      factors in masking.

PMID- 3385417
TI  - The perception of different methods of suicide.

PMID- 3385416
TI  - Rhythmometric analyses of circadian variations of grooming behavior in the mouse:
      research perspectives in behavioral chronobiology.
AB  - A circadian biologic time structure of grooming behavior may be detected on the
      basis of chronobiologic procedures. Results are presented and discussed in the
      broader scope of a series of behavioral chronobiologic studies with comparison of
      standard biometric and rhythmometric analyses. Moreover, such experiments provide
      a quantitative approach for a better functional understanding of
      psychophysiological mechanisms regulating the stress-related grooming behavior.
      Such circadian studies show also that chronobiology raises some working
      hypotheses in experimental psychology and permits the development of new
      heuristic concepts in the field of behavioral neuroscience.

PMID- 3385418
TI  - Evaluation of facial nerve paralysis.

PMID- 3385419
TI  - Diagnosis and evaluation of hypercholesterolemia.

PMID- 3385420
TI  - New guidelines for the treatment of hyperlipidemia in adults.

PMID- 3385421
TI  - Dietary treatment of elevated serum cholesterol.

PMID- 3385422
TI  - More than meets the eye. Sinus rhythm; atrial parasystole.

PMID- 3385423
TI  - Lack of correlation between DST results and urinary MHPG in depressed inpatients.
AB  - Abnormalities of noradrenaline metabolism and of the activity of hypothalamic
      pituitary adrenal axis (HPA) have been reported in depression. To study the
      possible relationship between these 2 parameters, urinary excretion of 3-methoxy
      4-hydroxy-phenylethyleneglycol (MHPG) and Dexamethasone Suppression Test (DST)
      were analyzed in 58 depressed patients. A positive correlation was found between
      the age of depressed patients and 24-h urinary excretion of MHPG. Twenty-two
      patients (38%) were DST non suppressors. Pre-DST plasma cortisol levels were
      significantly higher in non suppressors than suppressors. No difference was found
      however between urinary MHPG levels in suppressors and non suppressors. There was
      no correlation between pre-DST plasma cortisol and levels of urinary excretion of
      MHPG. These results do not support the hypothesis of a relationship between these
      2 parameters. However, when depressed patients were separated into two groups
      according to urinary excretion of MHPG ("high MHPG" and "low MHPG"), the "high
      MHPG" group included significantly more non suppressors then the "low MHPG" one.
      This result is not sufficient to demonstrate of link between HPA system activity
      and central noradrenaline metabolism.

PMID- 3385424
TI  - Studies on the effects of the pineal hormone melatonin on an androgen-insensitive
      rat prostatic adenocarcinoma, the Dunning R 3327 HIF tumor.
AB  - The effects of the pineal indole melatonin on a transplantable androgen
      insensitive fast-growing rat prostatic adenocarcinoma, the Dunning R 3327 HIF
      tumor, were examined. Afternoon injections of melatonin given to intact male rats
      enhanced tumor growth, while leading to a reduction in the weights of gonads and
      dorsal and ventral prostates. In anosmic hosts, this treatment had no effect on
      tumor growth or reproductive organ size. In castrated anosmic hosts, melatonin
      injections led to reductions in the growth of tumors, when compared with those in
      castrated hosts. Continuously available melatonin, in beeswax pellets, had no
      effect on growth of these tumors. These results are discussed in relation to the
      anticancer effects of melatonin and the effects of tumors on endogenous melatonin
      rhythms.

PMID- 3385425
TI  - Effects of a-fluoromethylhistidine on sleep and wakefulness in the rat. Short
      note.
AB  - The histamine synthesis inhibitor a-fluoromethylhistidine (a-FMH, 50 mg/kg, i.p.)
      significantly reduced wakefulness (W) and light sleep and increased slow wave
      sleep (SWS) and REM sleep during the light period in rats housed under 12 h
      light/12 h dark conditions (12L/12D). When animals were housed under 16 h light/8
      h dark (16L/8D) they remained awake for a longer period of time during the dark
      as compared to the 12L/12D lighting cycle. Under this condition a-FMH 50 mg/kg
      significantly decreased W and increased SWS. Our results tend to indicate that
      histamine intervenes in sleep-wakefulness regulation. In addition, histamine
      could be partly involved in the abnormally increased incidence of W observed
      during the dark in rats housed under 16L/8D conditions.

PMID- 3385427
TI  - Differences between monoamine oxidase concentrations in striatum and forebrain of
      aged and young rats.
AB  - The MAO-A and MAO-B activities in the striatum and the rest of the forebrain of
      young adult and aged rats were determined and compared. There was no significant
      difference in Km values of MAO-A for 5-HT or of -B for benzylamine in any of the
      brain regions of both rat groups. With increase in age, the Vmax value of MAO-A
      in the forebrain decreased; in the striatum the Vmax values of MAO-A and -B
      increased with age. The MAO-A concentrations, measured by enzyme titration with
      clorgyline or 1-deprenyl as the titre, were the same in both brain regions of
      young and aged rats, but in both brain regions of aged rats, MAO-B concentrations
      were greater than those in young rats. The MAO-B concentrations increased in
      parallel with the increases in Vmax indicating that the increase with age was due
      to increase in the number of MAO molecules.

PMID- 3385426
TI  - Response of the melatonin cycle to phototherapy for Seasonal Affective Disorder.
      Short note.
AB  - It is well-established that human nocturnal melatonin secretion is suppressed by
      presentation of artificial light greater than 2,000 lux, a level that is also
      therapeutically effective in alleviating winter depression symptoms of Seasonal
      Affective Disorder [SAD]. Furthermore, early-morning bright light induces phase
      advances of the melatonin cycle in SAD patients (Lewy et al., 1987a). The
      functional significance of melatonin in SAD remains unclear. With plasma
      melatonin sampled at 20-min intervals in a series of overnight studies, we found
      marked phase delays of the cycle, relative to that previously reported for
      normals, in 4/5 depressed SAD patients. 2,500 lux light exposure at 6-8 a.m.
      resulted in exponentially declining melatonin levels that approached low daytime
      baselines within two hours (t1/2 = 45.52 min). All five patients showed clinical
      remissions as well as phase advances of the melatonin cycle of 0.75 to 3.27 hours
      (mean, 1.94 +/- 0.84 hours) after one week of daily exposure from 6-8 a.m. and
      p.m. These results suggest that the combination of early morning and early
      evening light exposures induces circadian phase adjustments similar to those of
      morning light alone, by impacting a photosensitive interval when, in SAD,
      melatonin secretion overshoots its normal nocturnal phase.

PMID- 3385428
TI  - Immunocytochemical evidence for Semliki Forest virus antigen persistence in mouse
      brain.
AB  - Semliki Forest virus (SFV) is neurotropic in mice. Mature virulent virus (strain
      L10) can be identified within the CNS by electron microscopy in adult mice.
      Inspite of high virus titres, avirulent SFV A7(74) cannot be visualised in the
      brain of adult mice. Immunocytochemical studies using monoclonal antibodies
      (MAbs) to A7(74) E1 and E2 proteins and viral envelope glycolipids, showed viral
      E1 to be labelled in the cerebral capillaries, the E2 and the putative envelope
      glycolipids were labelled in the cytoplasm of neurons, particularly in the
      hippocampal areas and glia in the cerebellum. By double labelling the presence of
      viral antigens in astrocytes and oligodendrocytes was demonstrated. Viral
      antigens were identified in the brain up to 183 days after infection. Paraffin
      sections from Bouin-fixed tissue were found to be the most suitable material for
      immunocytochemistry of SFV. The presence of life-long anti SFV antibody in the
      sera of animals after SFV infection, could be due to the persistence of viral
      antigens acting as constant stimuli to the immune system.

PMID- 3385429
TI  - Effects of the interval between removal and freezing of muscle biopsies on muscle
      fibre size.
AB  - Measurements of cross-sectional fibre areas are often performed in routine
      histopathologic diagnosis in cases of suspected neuromuscular disease. The
      methodologic error in fibre area measurements in duplicate muscle biopsies is
      reported, however, to be high and an animal model was therefore designed in order
      to study the mechanisms underlying this. The cross-sectional fibre area in the
      right soleus muscle, cut into 5 pieces and frozen after different lengths of
      time, was compared with that in the left soleus, which was frozen at the in situ
      length. It was found that this area was 23 +/- 6% larger (P less than 0.001) than
      in the control muscle, when the muscle sample was frozen immediately after being
      taken, as a result of contraction of the specimen. However, when the interval
      between removal of the sample and freezing was 2 min or longer, the fibre size
      was similar to the control muscle, but the muscle samples were still contracted
      and the decrease in muscle fibre size at longer intervals were accordingly due to
      a decrease in muscle fibre volume. It is concluded that the interval between
      removal and freezing of the biopsy is of vital importance for the fibre size.

PMID- 3385430
TI  - An electron microscopical study of the replication of avirulent Semliki Forest
      virus in the retina of mice.
AB  - Electron microscopical (EM) studies were carried out on the retinas of 2-3
      (baby), 12-, 14- and 21-28-day-old (adult) mice infected with avirulent (A774)
      Semliki Forest virus (SFV). Virions (mature virus), spherules and advanced stages
      of virus replication, cytopathic vacuoles type II (CPV II), were seen in the
      retinal neurons of baby mice after intracerebral (i.c.) or intraperitoneal (i.p.)
      infection. Some virions and spherules were also seen in the retinas of 12- and 14
      day-old mice. Virions and advanced stages of virus replication were not seen in
      adult mice despite high virus titres. Some neurons of the inner nuclear layer and
      some ganglion cells showed reduced basophilia and appeared pale and occasionally
      some dense clumps of fine granules (DC) were seen in the neurones of the inner
      nuclear layer in these mice. A few small spherules were seen in the extracellular
      spaces. Some infiltrating cells were seen in the retinas in all ages of mice. We
      suggest that SFV causes retinopathy in baby mice and the neurophysiological
      changes reported in adult mice may be contributed to by virus replication in the
      retinal neurones and the presence of infiltrating cells in the retina.

PMID- 3385431
TI  - Systemic triglyceride storage disease with normal carnitine: a putative defect in
      long-chain fatty acid metabolism.
AB  - A 45-year-old Japanese man presented with lipid storage myopathy, fatty liver,
      cardiomyopathy, vacuolated leukocytes (Jordans' anomaly) and perceptive deafness.
      His parents were consanguineous and his younger sister was also affected.
      Histopathological and biochemical studies revealed an abnormal accumulation of
      triglyceride in muscle, liver, leukocytes, gastrointestinal endothelial cells and
      cultured skin fibroblasts. On electron microscopy, the vacuoles lacked limiting
      membranes and were adjacent to the mitochondria. Total and free carnitines in
      muscle were normal levels. Production rate of 14CO2 or acid-soluble
      [14C]metabolites from [1-14C]palmitate in the patient's cells was decreased to
      about 50% of that in control cells, whereas that from [1-14C]butyrate was normal.
      Long-chain fatty acyl esterase activities in the patient's leukocytes were normal
      at both pH 4.0 and pH 8.0. Despite the strong suggestion of an impaired
      metabolism of long-chain fatty acids, there were no evidences of abnormalities in
      carnitine metabolism or uptake of fatty acids into cells. The disorder is
      clinically different from defects in carnitine metabolism, defects in the
      carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase system or in mitochondrial beta-oxidation
      enzymes. Although the underlying metabolic defect has not been elucidated, this
      disease seems to be an autosomal-recessively inherited disorder of systemic
      triglyceride storage, probably due to an impaired regulation of lipolysis and
      triacylglycerol synthesis.

PMID- 3385433
TI  - Reaction time in ambulant multiple sclerosis patients. Part I. Influence of
      prolonged cognitive effort.
AB  - Reaction times (RT) were measured in 39 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and 25
      healthy controls, before and after comprehensive neuropsychological assessment
      lasting at least 4 h. The assessment required prolonged mental effort, which was
      assumed to induce fatigue. Simple and disjunctive RT were measured for visual and
      auditory stimuli. RT before and after prolonged effort were significantly longer
      in MS than in control subjects (with exception of auditory RT). This effect was
      related to disease duration and to simultaneous presence of brainstem, cerebellar
      and/or pyramidal signs. Age did not significantly contribute to the explanation
      of RT increase. In female patients, increasing distribution of functional lesions
      in the central nervous system was related with greater RT increase than in male
      patients. RT of MS and controls changed after prolonged mental effort and effort
      related fatigue was experienced subjectively. Yet no differences in direction or
      degree of change in RT were found between controls and ambulant patients with
      stable MS who apparently had resources to overcome fatigue.

PMID- 3385432
TI  - Developmental changes in fiber type-related proteins in soleus, rectus femoris,
      and heart muscles of normal and dystrophic mice.
AB  - By using sensitive enzyme immunoassay methods, several isoenzymes or isoproteins
      related to muscle fiber types were determined in the soleus (SOL), rectus femoris
      (RFM), and heart muscles of normal and dystrophic (dy/dy) mice of various ages.
      In normal adult mice, the S-100 protein alpha subunit (S-100 alpha) and creatine
      kinase B subunit (CK-B), which are known to be distributed predominantly in type
      I muscle fibers as S-100a0 (alpha alpha form of the S-100 protein) and the MB
      form of CK, respectively, were enhanced several-fold in the "aerobic" SOL muscle
      as compared with the "anaerobic" RFM muscle. The enolase beta subunit (beta
      enolase) and the M subunit of CK (CK-M) were present in the RFM at levels
      increased several-fold compared to levels in the SOL of the same mice. In age
      matched dystrophic adult mice, however, the compositions of these muscle-related
      proteins in the RFM muscle shifted to those of the SOL muscle: S-100 alpha and CK
      B increased several-fold, beta-enolase and CK-M decreased markedly as compared
      with the normal RFM. On the other hand, the SOL and heart muscles of dystrophic
      mice showed only a slight increase of CK-B or decrease of CK-M. In the RFM of 3
      week-old dystrophic mice, S-100 alpha and beta-enolase levels were similar to
      those in the RFM of control littermates, but a significant increase of CK-B and a
      decrease of CK-M were already observed in this early stage of dystrophy. These
      results indicate that changes in muscle-related proteins in the dystrophic
      muscles are apparently displayed mainly in the anaerobic muscles and feature a
      decrease in type II fiber-related proteins and a relative increase in type I
      fiber-related proteins. The mechanism of these changes in dystrophic mice is
      discussed.

PMID- 3385434
TI  - Reaction time in ambulant multiple sclerosis patients. Part II. Influence of task
      complexity.
AB  - Effects of task variables on reaction time (RT) were investigated in 39 multiple
      sclerosis (MS) patients and 25 matched control subjects, based on the premise
      that RT is sensitive to (subtle) changes of cognitive efficiency. The hypothesis
      to be tested held that inefficient cognitive processing in MS would be reflected
      in differences between RT patterns of MS and control subjects, and in inordinate
      RT increase in MS patients with increase of task complexity. No difference was
      found between MS patients and controls, or between MS subgroups, in (1) response
      to time uncertainty of stimulus presentations, (2) RT behaviour over stimulus
      presentations, and (3) RT change from simple to more complex conditions. No
      evidence of slowed cognitive processing was found in this sample of outpatients
      with relatively mild and stable MS. It is emphasised that executive and cognitive
      slowness have to be disentangled in research on MS and on so-called 'subcortical
      dementia', of which mental slowing is a key concept.

PMID- 3385435
TI  - Skeletal muscle amyloid deposition in AL- (primary or myeloma-associated), AA-
      (secondary), and prealbumin-type amyloidosis.
AB  - Amyloid deposition in the quadriceps femoris muscle was investigated in 12 cases
      of systemic amyloidosis including 6 of AL-(primary or myeloma-associated) type, 2
      of AA- (secondary) type, and 4 of prealbumin- (familial or sporadic) types.
      Clinically, muscle weakness was found in 7 patients. Among the 7 patients, one of
      the AL-type suffered from systemic myopathy showing progressive muscular
      stiffness, pseudohypertrophy, and weakness. The other 6 presented with
      polyneuropathy. Pathologically, no amyloid was found to be deposited in the AA
      type. In all of the AL- and prealbumin-types, amyloid deposition was found in the
      blood vessels and peri- and endomysium. The degrees of amyloid deposition were
      marked in one case of the AL-type, which was considered to be suffering from
      amyloid myopathy, moderate in one of the AL-type, and slight in the rest of the
      AL-type and all of the prealbumin-type. Our observations and descriptions in the
      literature indicate that the presence and degrees of amyloid deposition in the
      skeletal muscles would be related to the types of amyloid proteins in
      amyloidosis. It seems likely that the affinity of amyloid to the skeletal muscles
      is variable in AL-type, probably depending on the molecular heterogeneity of AL
      protein, is low in prealbumin-type, and is almost absent in AA-type.

PMID- 3385437
TI  - Characterization of monoclonal antibodies to galactolipids and uses in studies of
      dementia.
AB  - A panel of monoclonal antibodies was prepared from mice immunized with
      homogenates of ventral forebrain from patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The
      cortex and hippocampus which receive cholinergic innervation from the ventral
      forebrain have been reported to demonstrate a greater number of neuritic plaques
      and neurofibrillary tangles. With an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA),
      two of these antibodies reacted with chloroform/methanol soluble antigens. Folch
      extraction and partition followed by silicic acid column chromatography revealed
      the antigens to be glycolipids. Studies with a variety of purified lipids
      revealed that the antibodies reacted with galactosyl sphingosine, cerebrosides
      and sulfatides. These antibodies have been used to examine galactosphingolipids
      in brains with AD with both quantitative ELISA and immunocytochemical techniques.
      Additionally, the galactolipid composition of Pick's disease has also been
      studied using these antibodies.

PMID- 3385436
TI  - Diminished concentrations of ganglioside N-acetylneuraminic acid (G-NeuAc) in
      cerebellum of young rats receiving chronic administration of methylmalonic acid.
AB  - Sustained levels of methylmalonate comparable to those of human methylmalonic
      acidemia were achieved in the blood of young rats from the 5th till the 25th day
      of life by injecting them subcutaneously with buffered methylmalonic acid (MMA)
      twice a day at 8-h intervals. A matched group of rats (controls) was treated with
      saline. The animals were weighed and killed by decapitation at 25 days of age.
      Cerebellum and cerebrum were weighed and their contents of protein, DNA and
      ganglioside N-acetylneuraminic acid (G-NeuAc), as well as the protein/DNA ratio
      determined. Body weight, cerebral and cerebellar weight did not differ in both
      groups. The concentrations of protein, DNA and the protein/DNA ratio were also
      similar in the experimental and control groups. The results indicate that MMA per
      se does not interfere with the appetite of the animals and does not affect
      cellular proliferation and growth in cerebrum and cerebellum. We also found that
      G-NeuAc concentration is significantly reduced in the cerebellum. Therefore,
      since a deficit of an important component of brain closely related to the
      dendritic surface (synaptogenesis) occurs in MMA-treated rats, it is tempting to
      speculate whether this alteration may be associated or even partly responsible
      for the mental retardation in patients affected by methylmalonic acidemia.

PMID- 3385438
TI  - Aggregation of intermediate filaments by 2,5-hexanedione: comparison of effects
      on neurofilaments, GFAP-filaments and vimentin-filaments in dissociated cultures
      of mouse spinal cord-dorsal root ganglia.
AB  - The temporal evolution of changes in the distribution of neurofilaments, vimentin
      intermediate filaments (IF) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-IF induced
      by 2,5-hexanedione (2,5HD) has been investigated in dissociated cultures of fetal
      mouse spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Aggregates of GFAP-IF, labelled
      by antibodies against GFAP, appeared in astrocytes approximately one week after
      axonal swellings filled with neurofilaments were detected in neurons by labelling
      with antibodies to 68 kD or 200 kD neurofilament proteins. The threshold
      concentration required for aggregation of GFAP-IF was 1.4 to 2 times that
      required for neurofilament accumulations. In contrast to findings in cultured
      human skin fibroblasts, aggregates of vimentin-IF were not found in 2,5HD-treated
      cultures from mouse tissue (non-neuronal cells of spinal cord-DRG or fibroblasts
      from skin or muscle). The IF of 3T3 cells, a mouse fibroblast cell line, formed
      diffuse juxtanuclear aggregates only after high levels of exposure to 2,5HD. The
      sensitivity of vimentin-IF to aggregation by 2,5HD was proportional to the IF
      content of the cell type. These differences in the sensitivity of IF to
      aggregation by 2,5HD among cell types and species explain why IF-aggregates have
      not been observed previously in non-neuronal cells in human patients with the
      neuropathy associated with 2,5HD, or in experimental studies with rodents.

PMID- 3385439
TI  - Middle cerebral artery thrombosis: acute blood-brain barrier consequences.
AB  - The effect of middle cerebral artery (MCA) thrombosis on the integrity of the
      blood-brain barrier (BBB) was studied in rats using horseradish peroxidase (HRP).
      Endothelial injury with subsequent platelet thrombosis was produced by means of a
      rose bengal-sensitized photochemical reaction, facilitated by irradiating the
      right proximal MCA segment with the focused beam of an argon laser. At 15 minutes
      following thrombosis formation, diffuse leakage of HRP was observed bilaterally
      within cortical and subcortical brain areas. Peroxidase extravasation was most
      dense within the territory of the occluded artery including neocortical areas and
      dorso-lateral striatum. Contralaterally, a similar distribution was observed but
      with less intense HRP leakage. Ultrastructural studies demonstrated an increase
      in permeability to HRP within arterioles, venules and capillaries. At these
      sites, the vascular endothelium contained HRP-filled pinocytotic vesicles and
      tubular profiles. Although less intense, bilateral HRP leakage was also observed
      following MCA stenosis or femoral artery occlusion. Endothelial-platelet
      interactions at the site of vascular injury may be responsible for releasing
      substances or neurohumoral factors which contribute to the acute opening of the
      BBB.

PMID- 3385441
TI  - On the dual nature and lack of specificity of intracytoplasmic inclusions in a
      case of adult onset orthochromatic leukodystrophy.

PMID- 3385440
TI  - Is there a role for the autochthonous bubble in the pathogenesis of spinal cord
      decompression sickness?
AB  - Histological examination by light and electron microscopy of the spinal cords of
      four dogs rapidly perfusion-fixed after the onset of decompression sickness
      revealed the presence of numerous non-staining, space-occupying lesions that were
      absent in similarly prepared sections of control or ischemic spinal cords. We
      propose the hypothesis that these lesions are caused by the liberation of a gas
      phase. The possible significance of these lesions in the evolution of spinal cord
      dysfunction is discussed with reference to the principal theories of the
      pathogenesis of spinal cord decompression sickness.

PMID- 3385442
TI  - A case for neuropsychology in dementia research.

PMID- 3385443
TI  - Thymectomy in the treatment of myasthenia gravis: report of 247 patients.
AB  - We made a retrospective assessment of the long-term outcome in 247 consecutive
      patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) who underwent thymectomy in the period
      January 1971-December 1985. In 84 cases a thymoma was found at surgery, while 163
      patients had a non-neoplastic thymus. The duration of symptoms before surgery,
      the age at onset of the disease and the presence of germinal centres in the
      thymus did not appear to influence the prognosis. Patients with a non-neoplastic
      thymus showed a better response to thymectomy. Thymoma was associated with more
      severe disease and with a higher mortality; moreover, more thymoma patients
      required corticosteroid treatment in order to achieve good therapeutic results.
      In our opinion, thymectomy is indicated in the treatment of generalized MG, while
      ocular myasthenia seems not to be improved by the removal of the thymus.

PMID- 3385444
TI  - Serum antibodies to peripheral nerve tissue in acute Guillain-Barre syndrome in
      relation to outcome of plasma exchange.
AB  - Mixed haemagglutination and complement fixation tests were used to detect serum
      antibodies to peripheral nerve in 36 patients with acute Guillain-Barre syndrome.
      Twenty patients were treated with plasma exchange, 16 served as controls. A
      significant antibody titre was found in 19 patients with the haemagglutination
      test; 30 had complement-fixing antibodies. Patients lacking complement-fixing
      antibodies were less disabled at entry (P less than 0.01). However, there was no
      correlation between the course of the disease and any of the antibodies in the
      two patient groups. The two tests were therefore not able to select patients for
      treatment by plasma exchange.

PMID- 3385445
TI  - Cerebellar dysfunction in patients with bronchogenic carcinoma: clinical and
      posturographic findings.
AB  - Neurological examination and posturography showed cerebellar signs in 13 of 50
      unselected patients with bronchogenic carcinoma not complicated by other
      diseases. The occurrence of cerebellar signs did not depend on the histological
      type of tumour or the extent of tumour spread. Most of the clinically affected
      patients had mild to pronounced cerebellar atrophy, revealed by CT. The
      correlation between the amount of CT-confirmed atrophy and the severity of
      clinical symptoms, however, was poor. Since other reasons for cerebellar
      dysfunction (e.g. chemotherapy, chronic alcoholism, metastases) were excluded,
      cerebellar signs were attributed to paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration or to
      a consequence of severe neoplastic illness. The high incidence of cerebellar
      dysfunction in patients with bronchogenic carcinoma confirms the frequent
      histopathological finding of cortical cerebellar degeneration in malignant
      disease.

PMID- 3385446
TI  - Cerebellar dysfunction in patients with bronchogenic carcinoma: immunological
      investigations.
AB  - Sera from seven patients with bronchogenic carcinoma and cerebellar dysfunction
      were tested for anti-Purkinje cell antibodies (APCA) by indirect
      immunofluorescence and indirect immunoperoxidase reaction. Specific APCA as
      described in paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD) were not detected in
      any of these patients or in control patients. The lack of APCA in patients with
      bronchogenic carcinoma and their presence in association with ovarian or breast
      cancer indicate that different pathogenetic mechanisms may play a role in PCD.

PMID- 3385447
TI  - Somatosensory evoked potentials in lacunar syndromes.
AB  - Parietal and prerolandic somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) to median nerve
      stimulation were recorded from 40 patients with lacunar syndromes due to CT
      verified lacunar infarcts. The control group consisted of 30 age-matched normal
      controls. Nineteen patients showed SEP abnormalities, mainly an increase of
      height-covariated latency of cortical components and/or of the central conduction
      time. Such changes occurred independently of the clinical features of lacunar
      syndromes, being related more to the lesion location than to its size. SEP
      studies may be a useful adjunct to the clinical diagnosis of lacunar infarct,
      possibly also when the CT scans are normal.

PMID- 3385448
TI  - HIV-II infection with initial neurological manifestation.
AB  - A patient with positive serological HIV-II reactions is presented, who lived for
      many years in North and West Africa and on the Arabian peninsula, and who
      developed asthenica, incontinence, gait disturbances, impaired mental function,
      personality changes and finally spastic paraplegia and peripheral neuropathy. He
      was shown to have a chronic inflammatory process of the central nervous system
      with cerebral atrophy.

PMID- 3385449
TI  - VEP, physiological and psychological circadian variations in humans.
AB  - Amplitudes and latencies of components of visual evoked potentials (VEPs) were
      analysed during the 24-h cycle in humans. Circadian variations of other
      physiological parameters (oral temperature, urine volume and urinary potassium
      excretion) and of psychomotor performance (grip strength, tapping rate, visual
      reaction time and performance on a letter cancellation test) were also assessed.
      Eight male volunteers (aged 20-34 years) were tested twice over a period of 30 h.
      Test sessions took place every 3 h (1100 hours, 1400 hours etc.). VEPs were
      elicited by checkerboard pattern reversals. Significant circadian variations in
      the VEPs were found for the latencies of the P100 and N140 components, which were
      longest between 2 a.m. and 5 a.m. (P100: 103 ms; N140: 138 ms) and shortest at
      about 5 p.m. (P100: 97 ms; N140: 130 ms). Pronounced circadian variations were
      also observed in physiological parameters and in psychomotor performance
      measures. Circadian variation of oral temperature was correlated with the 24-h
      profiles of most of the other variables. Time courses of VEP latencies and oral
      temperature were moderately negatively correlated. However, from the data
      presented it seems premature to conclude that there is a common pacemaker for the
      circadian variations of the different parameters investigated.

PMID- 3385450
TI  - Cerebral ischaemia produced by homologous blood clot emboli in rabbit.
AB  - In 40 rabbits cerebral ischaemia was induced by autologous blood clot emboli
      injected into the middle cerebral artery. Autologous blood clot formed
      spontaneously (within 2 h) in a catheter fixed in the internal carotid artery.
      The effects of embolization were investigated on arterial blood pressure,
      respiration, local cerebral blood flow, locally available O2 (aO2), steady (DC)
      potentials and EEG. After embolization the blood pressure and the frequency of
      respiration decreased transiently. On the embolized side the local cerebral blood
      flow, aO2, the frequency and amplitude of the EEG diminished markedly and the DC
      potentials shifted to negative. Similar but less marked and short-lasting changes
      could be seen on the contralateral side. Pathological examination of the brains
      revealed extensive infarction with haemorrhagic components. The technique is a
      promising method for inducing stroke experimentally and offers various ways for
      its thorough investigation.

PMID- 3385451
TI  - Prolonged disturbance of consciousness with periodic EEG discharges after
      fulminant hepatitis.
AB  - Prolonged disturbance of consciousness associated with periodic EEG discharges
      developed in a 57-year-old male after fulminant hepatitis. He had repeated
      episodes with mutism and depersonalization, each lasting for 1-2 days. There were
      periodic EEG discharges during each episode. The atypical triphasic wave was a
      constituent of periodic EEG discharges together with spike and sharp waves, which
      suggests that the atypical triphasic wave has an epileptogenic factor as do spike
      and sharp waves. The effectiveness of anticonvulsants on the disturbance also
      suggests that there was an epileptogenic factor in the causation of the
      disturbance of consciousness.

PMID- 3385452
TI  - Suprasellar tuberculoma developing during treatment of tuberculous meningitis
      requiring urgent surgical decompression.
AB  - An adult patient on treatment for tuberculous meningitis developed visual failure
      due to a tuberculoma compressing both optic nerves and chiasm. Although continued
      anti-tuberculous chemotherapy is the treatment of choice for intracranial
      tuberculoma, the rapid deterioration in vision necessitated urgent surgical
      decompression, which resulted in complete recovery of vision.

PMID- 3385453
TI  - Brachial plexus neuritis and recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy.

PMID- 3385454
TI  - Ataxic hemiparesis from parenchymal brain cysticercosis.

PMID- 3385455
TI  - Cervical cancer screening practices among older women: results from the Maryland
      Cervical Cancer Case-Control Study.
AB  - Considerable evidence shows a large proportion of older women have either never
      had a Pap test or have significant gaps in their history of cervical cancer
      screening. Differences in health care utilization patterns by age, cohort
      differences in use of medical subspecialities, and provider reluctance to perform
      cancer screening within the general medical care encounter have been suggested as
      reasons for underscreening. Our study conducted in 1985 documents prior health
      care utilization patterns of 153 cases of Maryland women with invasive cervical
      cancer compared with a matched control group. Analysis within three age groups
      showed that cases were significantly less likely to have ever had a Pap test or
      to receive regular Pap testing, primarily due to differences in medical care
      utilization patterns. Never having an obstetrician-gynecology visit, a recent
      (less than 3 years) internist visit, or not having any out-patient visit were
      significant risk factors. Other risks included older age at first Pap test,
      reporting not being told to have routine Pap tests, and not using contraceptives.
      In a multiple logistic regression analysis, recent out-patient visits and
      lifetime use of an obstetrician-gynecologist remained significant after adjusting
      for age interactions with recent Pap test history, underscoring the importance of
      medical care utilization patterns for screening of cancer of the uterine cervix
      among the elderly.

PMID- 3385456
TI  - Geographically-based cancer control: methods for targeting and evaluating the
      impact of screening interventions on defined populations.
AB  - Successful implementation of cancer control programs depends on efficient
      targeting to those at highest risk of developing and dying from the disease. This
      study presents a methodology for targeting cancer screening on the basis of
      population and disease variation among small geographic areas. Techniques for
      quantifying the impact of targeting on the predictive value of a positive test
      are demonstrated, using 329 New York City health areas. Age-truncated crude
      incidence, late-stage incidence and mortality rates for breast, cervix, and
      colorectal cancer are used, using site-specific truncation points relevant to the
      age groups appropriate for screening. Coefficient alpha was used to determine
      rate stability with 2, 3, 5 and 7 years of data. The stability of most small area
      rates was found to reach acceptable levels only with 5 and 7 years of data.
      Targeting into areas where breast cancer prevalence was high increased the
      expected predictive value of a positive test by as much as 50% when compared with
      areas of average prevalence. Geographic targeting will be most useful where
      between-area variability in prevalence is large and within-area variability is
      small. The implications of these results are discussed and future studies are
      suggested.

PMID- 3385457
TI  - The influence of diagnostic access bias on the epidemiology of sarcoidosis: a
      population-based study in Rochester, Minnesota, 1935-1984.
AB  - A population-based study was conducted among residents of Rochester, Minnesota
      from 1935-1984 to examine the influence of diagnostic access bias on the
      incidence and mode of presentation of clinically recognized sarcoidosis.
      Immigrants had an elevated risk of sarcoidosis and were more likely to present
      with asymptomatic sarcoidosis diagnosed on routine screening chest radiographs.
      Similar patterns were observed for health professionals, a group with markedly
      greater access to the diagnostic procedures which label them as having
      sarcoidosis. Sarcoidosis exhibits a spectrum of manifestations, ranging from a
      totally asymptomatic process discernible only by specific diagnostic scrutiny to
      a clinically obvious presentation with significant morbidity. For disease
      entities such as this, apparent patterns of occurrence may depend on differential
      access in the study population to the maneuvers necessary for diagnosis.
      Diagnostic access bias, in addition to other diagnostic biases, deserves more
      careful scrutiny in epidemiologic research.

PMID- 3385458
TI  - Prevalence of sleep apnea syndrome among Swedish men--an epidemiological study.
AB  - The prevalence of the sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) among Swedish men 30-69 years
      old was estimated by a two-stage procedure. In the first stage, 4064
      questionnaires were mailed to a random sample of a defined population in the
      municipality of Uppsala. The response rate was almost 80%; 15.6% of the
      responders were habitual snorers and 5.8% complained of daytime sleepiness. From
      these, a group of 166 men highly suspected of having SAS was selected.
      Eventually, 61 of these came for all-night polysomnographic studies, and 15 of
      these were found to have SAS. On this basis the lower limit of the prevalence of
      SAS was estimated to be as high as 1.3%. The majority of subjects with the
      syndrome were in the age group 50-59 years.

PMID- 3385459
TI  - Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina and cervix: incidence, undetected
      disease, and diethylstilbestrol.
AB  - We conducted an incidence study to determine the occurrence rates of clear cell
      adenocarcinoma (CCAC) of the vagina and cervix in young women (born in 1940 and
      thereafter), and a case-series analysis, focusing on the maternal history of
      pregnancy and delivery and in-utero exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES).
      Overall, 10 cases of CCAC had been listed in the files of the Connecticut State
      Tumor Registry prior to the study, and each of the 10 cases were confirmed as
      valid. In addition, another 10 cases, all previously undetected, were found after
      the tissue slides of young women listed as having other cancers of the vagina and
      cervix were reviewed by expert pathologists, suggesting that prior estimates of
      the incidence rate for CCAC must be misleading unless special efforts are taken
      to identify undetected cases. The incidence rates of vaginal CCAC (11 cases
      total) were highest in 1975-1979, and decreased slightly during 1980-1982. In the
      cervix (nine cases total), the rate increased consistently since 1970. History of
      in-utero exposure to diethylstilbestrol was obtained for five of eight vaginal
      cases and four of eight cervical cases of CCAC. In all nine cases, exposure to
      diethylstilbestrol was associated with a history of bleeding during the pregnancy
      or prior miscarriage. We conclude that the finding of stable (or rising)
      incidence rates for CCAC occurring nearly 30 years after the marked decrease in
      diethylstilbestrol sales emphasizes the need for continued clinical and
      epidemiologic studies of the etiology and clinical course of CCAC.

PMID- 3385460
TI  - Reliability of Bayesian probability analysis for predicting coronary artery
      disease in a veterans hospital.
AB  - To assess the accuracy of Bayesian probability analysis for the prediction of
      coronary artery disease, post-test probabilities were generated by the
      application of three Bayesian algorithms to the clinical and noninvasive test
      results of 199 patients undergoing angiography in a veterans' hospital. All
      assumed conditional independence but each used different pre-test and conditional
      probabilities. Two statistical approaches were employed: (1) Sorting of patients
      in ascending deciles of probability and comparing expected and observed
      probabilities in each decile. (2) Calculation of normally distributed reliability
      statistics which do not depend on probability subsets and the comparison of
      resulting probability distributions using these statistics. Both statistical
      approaches revealed that the Bayesian algorithms overestimated disease
      probability when it was high and underestimated it when low. Though all three
      algorithms were frequently incorrect, they differed significantly in their
      accuracies, suggesting that errors in Bayesian analysis are caused by factors
      other than the assumption of independence. The errors may be due to differences
      in sensitivity and specificity of tests applied in different institutions.

PMID- 3385461
TI  - Too bad toubab: or, doing good in Mali.

PMID- 3385462
TI  - Prior publication on monitoring clinical trials.

PMID- 3385463
TI  - Receptive-field properties and morphological characteristics of the superior
      collicular neurons that project to the lateral posterior and dorsal lateral
      geniculate nuclei in the hamster.
AB  - 1. Intracellular recording, antidromic activation, and horseradish peroxidase
      (HRP) injection techniques were employed to characterize the receptive-field
      properties and morphology of the superior collicular (SC) neurons in the hamster
      that projected to the lateral posterior nucleus (LP) or the dorsal lateral
      geniculate body (LGNd). 2. Twenty-three tecto-LP and 21 tecto-LGNd cells were
      successfully characterized, filled with HRP, and recovered. Additional
      physiological information was obtained from four tecto-LP and five tecto-LGNd
      neurons in which HRP injections did not completely label the cell, but did
      provide information as to the laminar location of the soma. Recovered neurons
      were classified as wide-field or narrow-field vertical cells, marginal cells,
      stellate cells, or horizontal cells on the basis of their soma-dendritic
      morphology. They were categorized as stationary responsive (SR), movement
      sensitive (MV), or directionally selective (DS) on the basis of their
      physiological responses (3, 37). 3. The somas of the recovered tecto-LP cells
      were located, with two exceptions, in, or near, the borders of the stratum
      opticum (SO). Tecto-LGNd neurons, with two exceptions, had their cell bodies in
      the upper one-half of the stratum griseum superficiale (SGS). Fifty-two percent
      of the recovered tecto-LP cells were wide-field vertical cells, 22% were narrow
      field vertical cells, 13% were stellate cells, 9% were horizontal cells, and 4%
      could not be classified according to the scheme that we employed. Twenty-four
      percent of the recovered tecto-LGNd cells were marginal cells, 24% were stellate
      cells, 38% were narrow-field vertical cells, 5% were horizontal cells, 5% were
      wide-field vertical cells, and 5% could not be classified. The difference between
      the distributions of morphological cell types that contributed to the tecto-LGNd
      and tecto-LP pathways was statistically significant (chi 2 = 15.8, P less than
      0.01). 4. Sixty-seven percent of the tecto-LP cells had MV receptive fields, 11%
      were DS, 7% had SR fields, and 15% were unresponsive. The distribution of
      receptive-field types for tecto-LGNd cells was somewhat different: 54% had SR
      fields, 15% were MV, 19% were DS, 4% were somatosensory, 4% were unresponsive,
      and 4% were incompletely classified. These differences between tecto-LP and tecto
      LGNd cells were statistically significant (chi 2 = 18.4, P less than 0.001). The
      strongest correlation between morphology and receptive-field type was observed
      for the wide-field vertical cells that projected to LP. All but one of these had
      MV receptive fields.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3385464
TI  - Characterization of synaptically mediated fast and slow inhibitory processes in
      piriform cortex in an in vitro slice preparation.
AB  - 1. Intracellular recordings were obtained from anatomically verified layer II
      pyramidal cells in slices from rat piriform cortex cut perpendicular to the
      surface. 2. Responses to afferent and association fiber stimulation at resting
      membrane potential consisted of a depolarizing potential followed by a late
      hyperpolarizing potential (LHP). Membrane polarization by current injection
      revealed two components in the depolarizing potential: an initial excitatory
      postsynaptic potential (EPSP) followed at brief latency by an inhibitory
      postsynaptic potential (IPSP) that inverted with membrane depolarization and
      truncated the duration of the EPSP. 3. The early IPSP displayed the following
      characteristics suggesting mediation by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors
      linked to Cl- channels: associated conductance increase, sensitivity to increases
      in internal Cl- concentration, blockage by picrotoxin and bicuculline, and
      potentiation by pentobarbital sodium. The reversal potential was in the
      depolarizing direction with respect to resting membrane potential so that the
      inhibitory effect was exclusively via current shunting. 4. The LHP had an
      associated conductance increase and a reversal potential of -90 mV in normal
      bathing medium that shifted according to Nernst predictions for a K+ potential
      with changes in external K+ over the range 4.5-8 mM indicating mediation by the
      opening of K+ channels and ruling out an electrogenic pump origin. 5. Lack of
      effect of bath-applied 8-bromoadenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-Br-cAMP) or
      internally applied ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'
      tetraacetic acid (EGTA) on the LHP and failure of high amplitude, direct membrane
      depolarization to evoke a comparable potential, argue against endogenous
      mediation of the LHP by a Ca2+ activated K+ conductance [gK(Ca)]. However, an
      apparent endogenously mediated gK(Ca) with a duration much greater than the LHP
      was observed in a low percent of layer II pyramidal cells. Lack of effect of 8-Br
      cAMP also indicates a lack of dependence of the LHP on cAMP. 6. Other
      characteristics of the LHP that were demonstrated include: a lack of blockage by
      GABAA receptor antagonists, a probable voltage sensitivity (decrease in amplitude
      in the depolarizing direction), and an apparent brief onset latency (less than 10
      ms) when the early IPSP was blocked by picrotoxin. The LHP was unaffected by
      pentobarbital sodium when the early IPSP was blocked by picrotoxin. 7. Both the
      LHP and early IPSP were blocked by low Ca2+/high Mg2+, consistent with disynaptic
      mediation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3385465
TI  - Enlarged motor units resulting from partial denervation of cat hindlimb muscles.
AB  - 1. It was the aim of this study to determine the extent to which a mammalian
      motoneuron can sprout in a partially denervated muscle, which motor unit types
      are involved in sprouting, and whether polyneuronal innervation exists between
      sprouted units. 2. The fast-twitch flexor digitorum longus (FDL) and slow-twitch
      soleus were partially denervated by unilateral section of the L7 ventral root in
      12-wk-old kittens. After approximately 100 days single motor units were isolated,
      and their isometric contractile characteristics were determined. FDL units were
      also tested for their resistance to fatigue and categorized as fast-twitch,
      fatiguing fibers (FF), fast-twitch, fatigue-resistant fibers (FR), and slow
      twitch, fatigue-resistant fibers (S). The presence of polyneuronal innervation
      was investigated between pairs of like and unlike units. 3. The extent of the
      original denervation was variable and was estimated from the distribution of
      motor axons innervating the muscle via the L7 and S1 (soleus) or L6 and L7 (FDL)
      ventral roots on the contralateral side. In soleus, denervations ranged from 75
      to 98%; in FDL, 60 to 97% (denervations less than 60% were not investigated). In
      general, motor-unit force increased in proportion to the extent of the
      denervation. 4. Within soleus, unit force increased to over 2 N, which was about
      16 times greater than the average for a normal muscle (133 mN). However, most
      units increased in force to between five and 12 times normal. 5. Within FDL, the
      force development of type S units was unaffected by partial denervation. Type FF
      units increased by up to 11 times (4.3 N) compared with normal FF units (395 mN)
      with most increasing between two and four times. FR units exhibited the greatest
      relative increase in force [up to 19 times (4.3 N) compared with normal (225
      mN)]. Most units were two to seven times the normal. 6. A few FDL units were
      glycogen depleted, the muscles frozen, and cross sections prepared for
      histochemical analysis. This indicated that the largest units contained
      approximately 5,000 fibers, and there was little fiber hypertrophy. In the
      extensively denervated soleus muscle, large numbers of small, presumably
      denervated fibers were observed. The innervation ratio of several large units was
      determined indirectly using mean fiber area. This gave estimates of 3,000-4,000
      fibers for the largest units. Again, fiber hypertrophy contributed little to the
      increase in unit force. It was concluded that the increased force of units in
      both muscles was largely attributable to terminal and axonal sprouting of the
      intact motor axons. 7. No evidence for polyneuronal innervation was found in
      either FDL or soleus muscle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3385466
TI  - Effects of a carrageenan-induced myositis on the discharge properties of group
      III and IV muscle receptors in the cat.
AB  - 1. To see how muscle group III and IV receptors are affected by a myositis, the
      background activity and mechanical excitability of slowly conducting afferent
      units from normal and inflamed muscles were studied in chloralose-anesthetized
      cats. The inflammation was induced by infiltrating the gastrocnemius-soleus
      muscle with a suspension of 2% carrageenan. According to their responsiveness to
      local pressure stimulation the receptors were classified as touch units, moderate
      pressure units, and noxious pressure (probably nociceptive) units. The impulse
      activity in single afferent units was recorded up to 14 h after induction of the
      inflammation. 2. In inflamed muscle both group III and group IV receptors showed
      an increase in the proportion of units having a background activity and in the
      mean background activity. The differences reached statistically significant
      levels in group III fibers only. 3. A characteristic feature of the background
      activity of some receptors in inflamed muscle was its intermittent nature: the
      discharges occurred either as grouped impulses of short duration or as phases of
      relatively high discharge frequency alternating with long periods of silence. 4.
      In normal muscle no receptor exhibited intermittent discharges or had a discharge
      rate exceeding 7 imp/min. Thus the presence of an intermittent background
      activity or a high frequency of the background discharge can be considered as
      characteristic for afferent units from an inflamed muscle. 5. The time course of
      the background activity showed two peaks, one occurring 2-4 h, the other one 6-7
      h after induction of the inflammation. Recordings of single units during the
      transition from the normal to the inflamed state demonstrated that the first
      increase in background discharge took place 1-1.5 h after injection of
      carrageenan. 6. The proportion of noxious pressure units was reduced and that of
      moderate pressure units increased in inflamed muscle. In this case the difference
      was significant for group IV units only. 7. The response curves upon mechanical
      stimulation did not show significant differences in normal and inflamed muscle,
      i.e., sensitized noxious pressure units behaved similar to real touch units or
      moderate pressure units with respect to their mechanical excitability. 8. No
      apparent correlation existed between the receptors' mechanical threshold and
      degree of background activity in inflamed muscle. This suggests that the
      inflammation-induced change in mechanical excitability and development of
      background activity are independent phenomena.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3385467
TI  - Segregation of ON and OFF afferents to ferret visual cortex.
AB  - 1. ON-center and OFF-center cells are found in separate sublaminae of the
      ferret's lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). The purpose of these experiments was
      to determine whether this segregation is maintained in the projection from the
      LGN to primary visual cortex (area 17). 2. The distribution of the
      geniculocortical afferents within area 17 was studied by recording in layer IV
      after cortical neurons were silenced with kainic acid. 3. In 28 radial
      penetrations made into layer IV of five kainate-treated ferrets, the center types
      of 289 single units with response characteristics identical to those of
      geniculate cells were noted. A Monte Carlo analysis of these data demonstrated
      that the geniculocortical afferents cluster according to center type. 4. There
      was no tendency for ON and OFF afferents to occupy separate sublayers within
      layer IV. 5. The organization of the afferents in the plane of layer IV was
      studied by making closely spaced electrode penetrations across the dorsal exposed
      surface of the cortex in three kainate-treated ferrets. A Monte Carlo analysis of
      these results demonstrated that afferents segregate on the basis of center type,
      as well as on the basis of ocular dominance, into patches in the plane of layer
      IV. 6. The surface-mapping results and the results of experiments in which
      electrode penetrations were made tangential to layer IV indicated that center
      type patches can extend over several hundred micrometers. A Monte Carlo analysis
      of the sizes of the ocular dominance patches and center-type patches provided
      further support for this conclusion.

PMID- 3385468
TI  - Characteristics and functional identification of saccadic inhibitory burst
      neurons in the alert monkey.
AB  - 1. With the use of single-unit recording, the reticular formation immediately
      caudal to the abducens nucleus was searched for saccadic burst neurons in alert,
      trained rhesus monkeys. We recorded 80 short- and long-lead burst neurons,
      investigated their connections, and quantitatively analyzed their discharge
      characteristics. 2. Like excitatory burst neurons located rostral to the
      abducens, these caudal burst neurons fire optimally for ipsilaterally directed
      saccades, fire less for vertical saccades, and fire minimally, if at all, for
      contralateral saccades. The direction associated with the maximum number of
      spikes was approximately along the horizontal axis (1 +/- 12 degrees (SD); n =
      33). 3. The first spike of the burst led the saccade by 2-120 ms, depending on
      the unit. Neurons were divided into short lead (45%) and long lead (55%) using a
      burst-lead criterion of 15 ms. In the on-direction, the discharges of both types
      exhibited strong correlations between number of spikes in the burst and size of
      the horizontal saccade component; duration of the burst and duration of the
      saccade; and peak frequency of the burst and peak velocity of the saccade. These
      relations were looser for long-lead neurons than for short-lead neurons. 4.
      Horseradish peroxidase injected into the abducens nucleus retrogradely labeled
      cells in the contralateral reticular formation where burst neurons were recorded,
      showing that cells in this region make crossed monosynaptic connections. There
      was good agreement between the limits of this region, as determined
      physiologically and anatomically. 5. Microstimulation at the locus of recorded
      burst neurons elicited EMG potentials in the contralateral lateral rectus muscle
      of the appropriate sign and latency for a monosynaptic inhibitory projection to
      abducens motoneurons. Stimulation also elicited eye movements consistent with
      inhibition of the contralateral lateral rectus. 6. It is argued that these
      characteristics make it likely that the short-lead neurons are the source of the
      afference which generate the pause in contralateral abducens motoneuron firing
      during adducting saccades. These neurons are therefore analogous to the
      inhibitory burst neurons (IBNs) found in the cat. The characteristics of long
      lead burst neurons, particularly their lead, make them less likely to subserve
      this function. These cells might be better suited to providing input to omnipause
      neurons or to the short-lead IBNs.

PMID- 3385469
TI  - A new local feedback model of the saccadic burst generator.
AB  - 1. To accommodate the finding that the superior colliculus is an important input
      to the brain stem pathways that generate saccades (the saccadic burst generator),
      a new model of the burst generator is proposed. Unlike the model of Robinson (61)
      from which it was derived, the model attempts to match a neural replica of change
      in eye position, which is the output of the burst generator, to a neural replica
      of change in target position, which is the output of the colliculus and the input
      to the model. 2. The elements of the model correspond to neurons known or thought
      to be associated with the actual primate saccadic burst generator and are mostly
      connected together in accord with the results of anatomical and physiological
      experiments. 3. The model was simulated on a digital computer to compare its
      behavior with that of the actual burst generator under normal and experimental
      conditions. Simulated peak burst frequency and saccade duration matched that
      obtained from monkey excitatory burst neurons and inhibitory burst neurons for
      saccades up to 15 degrees but did not match at larger sizes; stimulation of the
      omnipause neurons caused an interruption of the saccade, and the saccade resumed
      at the end of stimulation as in actual data; the model can generate the
      abnormally long-duration saccades seen under decreased alertness or various
      pathologies by changing the burst generator inputs and without having to change
      any properties of the neurons themselves or their connections; a simulated
      horizontal and vertical burst generator pair connected only through the omnipause
      neurons can generate realistic oblique saccades. 4. The implications of the model
      for higher-order control of the saccadic burst generator are discussed.

PMID- 3385470
TI  - Effects of muscle shortening on the responses of cat tendon organs to unfused
      contractions.
AB  - 1. The discharges from individual Golgi tendon organs of peroneus tertius and
      brevis muscles were recorded in anesthetized cats. Responses to unfused isometric
      contractions of single motor units and combinations of motor units were compared
      with responses to contractions eliciting muscle shortening (i.e., shortening
      contractions). 2. In 75% of the examined instances, the effect of muscle
      shortening during unfused contractions was a slight decrease in tendon organ
      activation, in keeping with the reduction of contractile tension recorded at the
      muscle tendon. In other instances there was either no change in tendon organ
      response or, in less than 10% of instances, a slight increase For two motor units
      eliciting similar activation of a given tendon organ under isometric conditions,
      the effect of shortening contraction was not necessarily the same. 3. The
      reductions observed in tendon organ discharges upon muscle shortening were less
      than proportional to the reductions of contractile tension and difficult to
      correlate with the properties of motor units, as determined under isometric
      conditions. The present observations suggest three main reasons for this lack of
      relation. 4. The first reason depended on the properties of motor units, in that
      the relation between length changes and tension changes was not the same for all
      units. Two motor units developing similar isometric tensions did not necessarily
      produce the same degree of muscle shortening. Some units produced relatively
      significant shortening without much loss of tension. 5. Second, the dynamic
      sensitivity of tendon organs is known to exert a major influence on their
      responses to isometric unfused contractions, accounting for 1:1 driving of
      discharge during tension oscillations and high frequency bursts upon abrupt
      increase of tension. Although less tension was produced and the rate of tension
      development was slower in shortening contractions, similar manifestations of the
      dynamic sensitivity of tendon organs were observed. In such cases, the responses
      of tendon organs were the same whether or not the muscle shortened during
      contraction. 6. Third, when several motor units were stimulated in combination,
      the unloading influences of in-parallel units were facilitated by muscle
      shortening so that unloading effects, which were hardly visible under isometric
      conditions became evident during shortening contractions.

PMID- 3385471
TI  - Effect of tone-pulse rise time on rate-level functions of cat auditory cortex
      neurons: excitatory and inhibitory processes shaping responses to tone onset.
AB  - 1. The responses of cat auditory cortex neurons are largely dominated by
      transient stimulus events, including tone-pulse onset. In addition, these neurons
      often receive sensitive inhibitory inputs in tone frequency-intensity domains
      flanking the excitatory one centered at characteristic frequency (CF). These
      observations suggest that auditory cortex neurons might be sensitive to the
      spectral splatter that occurs at tone onset due to the tone-pulse envelope shape.
      2. To investigate this hypothesis, single neurons in the primary auditory cortex
      of anesthetized cats were studied for the form of their spike-rate versus tone
      level functions using CF tone pulses of different rise times. Stimuli were
      presented to the contralateral ear using a calibrated, sealed stimulus delivery
      system. 3. Some neurons with monotonic rate-level functions for conventional (5
      10 ms) rise-time tones were relatively insensitive to variations in tone-pulse
      rise time. Other monotonic neurons showed rate-level functions that became
      increasingly bell shaped for shorter rise-time stimuli. All neurons with bell
      shaped, nonmonotonic rate-level functions for conventional rise-time tones became
      increasingly nonmonotonic for shorter rise-time signals. In the same neurons,
      lengthening of tone rise times typically reduced the slope of the high-intensity,
      descending limb of the rate-level function, in some cases to zero. 4. This
      pattern of rise-time effects is consistent with previous evidence on the
      association between rate-level function shape and the presence of inhibitory tone
      response areas flanking the excitatory one at CF. The present data suggest that
      cortical neurons are sensitive to the gross shape of the short-term stimulus
      spectrum at tone onset, and that for many neurons, the nonmonotonic form of CF
      tone rate level functions may be configured as much by the rate of tone onset as
      by the plateau amplitude of a tone pulse.

PMID- 3385472
TI  - Effects of acute dorsal spinal hemisection on motoneuron discharge in the medial
      gastrocnemius of the decerebrate cat.
AB  - 1. The discharge of single alpha-motoneuron axons was recorded from small cut
      filaments of the medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscle nerve in the decerebrated cat
      preparation before and after a dorsal hemisection of the thoracic spinal cord.
      The remainder of the MG muscle nerve was left intact, and muscle force and
      multiunit electromyographic (EMG) activity were recorded along with alpha
      motoneuron discharge, while motor output was varied by manual stimulation of the
      contralateral hindlimb. 2. We recorded activity in 32 motoneurons before and
      after the spinal lesion, and pre- and postlesion recruitment forces and minimum
      firing rates were determined for 30 of these. Postlesion decreases in minimum
      firing rates were observed in 25/30 motoneurons, and decreases in recruitment
      force were seen in 21/30 motoneurons. The remaining motoneurons, which generally
      had low presection recruitment forces and minimum rates, exhibited postlesion
      increases in both parameters (see below). 3. The effects of the spinal lesion on
      the recruitment force and minimum firing rate of a motoneuron were related to the
      prelesion values of these parameters; the largest postlesion decreases were seen
      in motoneurons with the highest prelesion rates and recruitment forces. Spinal
      lesions thus acted to shift and compress the range of recruitment forces and
      minimum firing rates, so that after the lesion all motoneurons tended to exhibit
      discharge behavior typical of that seen only in the lowest threshold motoneurons
      before the lesion. In addition, motoneurons with low prelesion recruitment forces
      (less than 1.0 N of active force) generally showed an increase in recruitment
      force after the lesion, indicating that the lesion may have led to changes in the
      prelesion recruitment order. Direct evidence of recruitment reversals was
      obtained in 4/14 experiments where two or more motoneurons were followed pre- and
      postlesion. 4. The lesion-induced changes in motoneuron discharge characteristics
      were associated with changes in the relations between muscle force, rectified
      EMG, and motoneuron rate. Postlesion discharge rates were always significantly
      lower than the prelesion rates when compared over the same range of EMG levels.
      This postlesion drop in discharge rates was generally associated with inefficient
      force production, as evidenced by a significant drop in muscle force for matched
      EMG levels. 5. The degree of discharge synchrony in MG motoneurons was assessed
      by calculating a spike-triggered average (STA) between axonal discharge and
      multiunit rectified EMG. Significant STA peaks were rare before the lesion (4/32
      motoneurons) but were quite common after the lesion (29/32 motoneurons).(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3385473
TI  - Spatial and temporal determinants of directionally selective velocity preference
      in cat striate cortex neurons.
AB  - 1. Direction-selective properties of neurons in cat striate cortex (area 17) were
      studied with flashed and continuously moving bar stimuli. Receptive fields were
      characterized by measurement of static and dynamic parameters, which were
      correlated with the velocity preference exhibited by the same cells. 2. Each
      neuron was found to be direction selective to a limited range of velocities. This
      behavior was characterized by measuring the optimal velocity (Vopt) to elicit
      responses in the preferred and null directions that were maximally distinct. 3. A
      bar stimulus flashed sequentially at two nearby locations in the receptive field
      also produced direction-selective behavior, which was characterized by an optimal
      displacement (Dopt) to drive maximally distinct responses in the preferred versus
      null directions. 4. The static spatial receptive field properties were quantified
      by measurement of the receptive field size (2 sigma) and the spatial subunit
      wavelength (lambda). The latter quantity was measured as twice the separation
      between adjacent ON and OFF regions in simple cells and as twice the optimal
      separation for lateral inhibition between two simultaneously flashed bars in
      complex cells. 5. Direction-selective velocity preference for continuously moving
      stimuli, Vopt, was found to be highly correlated with lambda and with the Dopt
      for 2-flash motion; Vopt was also correlated to a lesser degree with 2 sigma.
      These results suggest a fundamental linkage between spatial frequency preference,
      velocity preference, and spatial tuning to 2-flash motion. 6. The range of
      measured direction-selective velocity preference values (Vopt) spanned about a
      100-fold range, whereas the corresponding values of Dopt or lambda spanned
      substantially smaller ranges. This discrepancy suggested that the dynamic range
      of velocity preference among cortical neurons might be determined jointly by the
      measured spatial properties and by a temporal property that covaries with the
      measured spatial properties. 7. Temporal properties of striate cortical neurons
      were assessed from responses to flashed stimuli having a prolonged duration
      ("step responses"). Neurons typically responded in the following manner: after
      some latency (L), a transient rise in spike frequency occurred, which then
      adapted to some sustained level. The adaptation dynamics (extent of sustained vs.
      transient behavior) were quantified by the first-order time constant (AT) of the
      adaptation decay, and by the ratio of initial transient rise to final sustained
      level [adaptation ratio (AR)].(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3385474
TI  - Effects of temporomandibular joint stimulation on nociceptive and nonnociceptive
      neurons of the cat's trigeminal subnucleus caudalis (medullary dorsal horn).
AB  - 1. The extracellular activity of 196 single neurons in subnucleus caudalis
      (medullary dorsal horn) of the trigeminal (V) spinal tract nucleus was examined
      in chloralose-anesthesized, paralyzed cats. Electrical, mechanical, and algesic
      chemical stimuli were applied to the exposed temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in
      order to activate TMJ afferents. Seventy-eight neurons were studied that
      responded to electrical stimulation of the TMJ at a mean latency of 9.9 +/- 4.8
      (SD) ms. 2. All neurons with TMJ input received additional afferent input,
      predominantly from facial skin or intraoral sites. Caudalis neurons were
      classified on the basis of their cutaneous mechanoreceptive field properties as
      low-threshold mechanoreceptive (LTM), wide dynamic range (WDR), or nociceptive
      specific (NS); a few neurons unresponsive to cutaneous stimuli were responsive to
      manipulation of deep subcutaneous structures. A sample of caudalis neurons was
      tested for responsiveness to electrical TMJ stimulation after the
      mechanoreceptive field properties of the neurons were determined. In this sample,
      24% of the LTM neurons, 29% of the WDR neurons, 36% of the NS neurons, and 57% of
      the neurons with input from deep structures were responsive to TMJ stimulation.
      The WDR and NS neurons with TMJ inputs had mechanoreceptive field properties and
      laminar locations in caudalis that were comparable to those previously described
      for cutaneous nociceptive neurons in caudalis; also in accordance with recent
      studies, 74% of the neurons tested showed convergence of tooth pulp and/or
      hypoglossal (XII) nerve afferent inputs. 3. In contrast to the LTM neurons, the
      WDR and NS neurons were especially responsive to intense mechanical and algesic
      chemical stimulation of the TMJ as well as to electrical stimulation of TMJ
      afferents. For example, 71% of the WDR and NS neurons excited by electrical
      stimulation of the TMJ afferents and tested for their responsiveness to
      injections of algesic chemicals (7% NaCl, KCl, bradykinin, histamine) into the
      TMJ responded to at least one of these chemicals. The temporal characteristics of
      these responses were quantified. 4. The TMJ afferent inputs to the WDR and NS
      neurons were considered to be predominantly of a nociceptive character because of
      (1) the long latency and high threshold of most TMJ-evoked responses, which are
      consistent with previous demonstrations that small-diameter afferents
      predominantly supply the TMJ and, (2) the preferential responsiveness to noxious
      mechanical and chemical stimulation of TMJ afferents of neurons which were
      functionally identified as cutaneous nociceptive neurons.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      400 WORDS)

PMID- 3385475
TI  - Membrane properties of cell types within guinea pig basal forebrain nuclei in
      vitro.
AB  - 1. Neurons in the nucleus of the diagonal band of Broca (nDBB) and ventral
      portion of the medial septum (MS) were studied using intracellular recording and
      single-electrode voltage clamp (SEVC) techniques in an in vitro brain slice
      preparation. Cell types could be operationally divided into three categories:
      cells with a slow postspike afterhyperpolarization (SAHP cell, 40%), neurons with
      a fast AHP (FAHP cells, 53%), and a third cell group recorded infrequently (7% of
      the cells) that fired in a burst pattern. Double-labeling techniques have shown
      that SAHP cells stain positively for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and are
      presumably cholinergic (22). The present study provides a more detailed analysis
      of the passive and active membrane properties of SAHP and FAHP types within these
      forebrain nuclei. 2. SAHP cells were characterized by a postspike
      afterhyperpolarization (AHP) with an amplitude of 10-20 mV and duration of
      approximately 600 ms at -65 mV. In the voltage range of -60--70 mV, the AHP
      decayed as a single exponential function with a time constant of 170 +/- 53 ms (n
      = 10). However, many neurons at these membrane potentials exhibited an AHP decay
      that was a multiple exponential function lasting for seconds. The null potential
      of the SAHP was approximately -90 mV and shifted by 25 mV in 9 mM KCl, a value
      closely predicted for a potassium (K+) conductance. The SAHP was reversibly
      blocked by cadmium (Cd2+), suggesting the SAHP was mediated by a calcium (Ca2+)
      activated K+ conductance. 3. FAHP cells displayed afterhyperpolarizations of
      smaller amplitude (5-10 mV) and duration (5-50 ms) that reversed at approximately
      -85 mV. Elevating extracellular K+ concentration [Ko] to 6 mM shifted the
      reversal 13 mV more positive. Cd2+ also reduced the AHP in these cells suggesting
      a second faster Ca2+-activated K+ conductance may be present. 4. Both SAHP and
      FAHP cells had similar input resistances and resting membrane potentials but
      markedly different action-potential characteristics. SAHP cells had a spike
      duration of 1.4 ms and a prominent shoulder on the falling phase of the SAHP cell
      action potentials that was reduced by Cd2+. In contrast, FAHP cells had an
      average spike duration of 0.63 ms that was unaffected by Cd2+. 5. The passive
      electrical cable properties of both cell types were characterized. Equivalent
      electrotonic length of the dendrites (L) and the dendritic-to-somatic conductance
      ratio (rho) were calculated for different cell groups. SAHP cells displayed
      average L values of 0.61, and the average rho was 2.13. Similar values of 0.69
      and 2.14 were calculated for L and rho, respectively, in FAHP cells.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3385476
TI  - Organization of auditory cortex in the albino rat: sound frequency.
AB  - 1. Responses of neurons in the auditory cortex of the albino rat were examined
      using microelectrode mapping techniques. Characteristic frequencies were
      determined for numerous electrode penetrations across the cortical surface in
      individual animals. A primary auditory area was identified in the posterolateral
      neocortex that was characterized by short latency responses to tone bursts and
      tonotopic organization with high frequencies represented rostrally and low
      frequencies, caudally. Within this area cells with similar characteristic
      frequencies were aligned in a dorsoventral orientation to form isofrequency
      contours. 2. Tuning curves obtained from primary auditory cortex were
      characteristically "V" shaped with Q10's ranging from 0.97 to 28.4. Maximum Q10
      values increased monotonically with characteristic frequency (CF). The lowest
      thresholds at CF closely approximated the behavioral audiogram for the albino
      rat. Many neurons, however, had CF thresholds well above the behavioral limit. 3.
      Areas were found dorsal and ventral to the primary auditory cortex in which CF's
      were clearly discontinuous with the neighboring isofrequency contours. These data
      suggest the presence of other auditory fields, the detailed characteristics of
      which have yet to be examined.

PMID- 3385477
TI  - Visuotopic organization and extent of V3 and V4 of the macaque.
AB  - The representation of the visual field in areas V3 and V4 of the macaque was
      mapped with multiunit electrodes. Twelve Macaca fascicularis were studied in
      repeated recording sessions while immobilized and anesthetized. V3 is a narrow
      strip (4-5 mm wide) of myeloarchitectonically distinct cortex located immediately
      anterior to V2. It contains a systematic representation of the central 35-40
      degrees of the contralateral visual field; the representation of the upper
      quadrant is located ventrally in the hemisphere and that of the lower quadrant,
      dorsally. There is a small gap between the dorsal (V3d) and ventral (V3v)
      portions of V3. The representation of the horizontal meridian is adjacent to that
      in V2 and forms the posterior border of both V3d and V3v. Most or all of the
      anterior border of V3d consists of the representation of the lower vertical
      meridian. The entire anterior border of V3v consists of the representation of the
      upper vertical meridian. V4 is a strip of myeloarchitectonically distinct cortex
      5-8 mm wide, immediately anterior to V3. It contains a coarse, but systematic,
      representation of approximately the central 35-40 degrees of the contralateral
      visual field. The representation of the upper visual field is located ventrally
      in the hemisphere. Most of the representation of the lower visual field is
      located dorsally. The posterior border of V4 corresponds to the representation of
      the vertical meridian, and the representation of the horizontal meridian is
      located at or near its anterior border. In both V3 and V4, the representation of
      the central visual field is magnified relative to that of the periphery. In both
      areas, the size of receptive fields increases with increasing eccentricity;
      however, at a given eccentricity, the receptive fields of V4 are larger than
      those of V3.

PMID- 3385478
TI  - Contributions of cingulate cortex to two forms of spatial learning and memory.
AB  - The contribution of anterior and posterior cingulate cortical areas to spatial
      learning and memory was examined in 4 experiments using the place-navigation
      task. Rats with complete bilateral cingulate cortex aspiration or aspiration of
      posterior cingulate cortex (area 29) alone could not swim directly to a hidden
      platform located in a fixed place. When animals with these lesions were tested
      for 40 d in a place-alternation task in which they received 16 daily trials with
      the platform placed in a new location each day, they did not show reliable
      improvement in place navigation. The inability to swim to changing locations or
      to a single location was not overcome by preoperative training in these tasks.
      Rats with anterior cingulate cortex aspirations showed a less severe impairment
      in both tasks and, with more training than is necessary for control rats, they
      acquired near-normal place-navigation accuracy. Rats with complete cingulate
      cortex aspiration were almost as accurate as control rats in learning to swim to
      a visible platform. The results imply that posterior cingulate areas play an
      essential role in the use of topographical information, probably by transmitting
      and elaborating information passing between the hippocampal system and
      neocortical association areas.

PMID- 3385479
TI  - Thalamic connections of two functional subdivisions of the somatosensory forepaw
      cerebral cortex of the raccoon.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to compare the thalamic interconnectivities of 2
      functionally distinct subdivisions of the somatosensory (Sml) forepaw cortex of
      the raccoon--the somatotopic subdivision representing the glabrous skin of the
      digits and the more heterogeneous subdivision representing the hairy skin and
      claws. Injections of HRP were made into one or the other functional subdivision
      of a specific digit subgyrus of Sml cortex in 10 adult raccoons. The distribution
      of HRP-labeled neurons and axon terminals in the thalamus revealed that the 2
      sectors have different patterns of thalamic projections. The glabrous skin region
      of each cortical digit zone was interconnected with a specific crescent-shaped
      lamella of neurons that extended rostrocaudally through the ventral posterior
      lateral (VPL) nucleus and typically was separated from adjacent lamellae by small
      bundles of myelinated fibers. The VPL lamellae constituted relatively distinct
      digit subnuclei that were connected somatotopically with the glabrous
      subdivisions of the corresponding cortical digit areas. The projections were
      dense, topographic, and reciprocal; labeled neurons and axon terminals within a
      particular lamella overlapped considerably and tended to be arranged in clusters.
      In contrast, the heterogeneous region of each cortical digit zone was
      reciprocally connected with the somatotopically appropriate VPL digit subnucleus
      and with adjoining subnuclei as well. The projections were comparatively sparse,
      less topographic, and more widely distributed than those of the glabrous skin
      sectors; groups of HRP-positive neurons and terminals in VPL tended to straddle
      the borders of the appropriate lamella and extended into adjacent lamellae.
      Furthermore, small clusters of labeling were found in the dorsal, presumed
      kinesthetic region of VPL and in portions of the ventral posterior inferior
      nucleus and the posterior nucleus. These results indicate that the glabrous
      cortical subdivisions have precise, somatotopically organized connections with
      specific VPL subnuclei, whereas the heterogeneous cortical subdivisions have more
      diffuse and scattered connections with several subregions of VPL and other
      thalamic nuclei as well. These 2 thalamocortical projection patterns may account
      for many of the differing functional properties of neurons residing within the 2
      cortical sectors. Finally, the convergent thalamic projections to the
      heterogeneous cortical regions could contribute, at least indirectly, to the
      functional reactivation that occurs within Sml cortex of the raccoon following
      peripheral nerve transection (Kelahan and Doetsch, 1984).

PMID- 3385480
TI  - Intracortical connections of two functional subdivisions of the somatosensory
      forepaw cerebral cortex of the raccoon.
AB  - The aim of this study was to compare the intrinsic intracortical connectivities
      of 2 functionally distinct subdivisions of the somatosensory (Sml) forepaw cortex
      of the raccoon--the somatotopic glabrous skin representation and the more
      heterogeneous, hairy skin and claw representation of the digits. HRP was injected
      into one or the other functional subdivision of a particular digit subgyrus of
      Sml cortex in 10 adult raccoons. The distribution of HRP-labeled neurons and axon
      terminals in the cortex showed that intrinsic "horizontal" connections exist
      within and between individual cortical digit zones; the labeling tended to have
      an oval-shaped configuration that was longer in the mediolateral than in the
      anteroposterior curvilinear plane. The 2 cortical sectors were found to have
      different patterns of intracortical projections. The connections of the glabrous
      skin region of each cortical digit zone were primarily local and confined to that
      same digit representation. HRP-filled neurons were concentrated near the
      injection site and decreased in density within the banks and fundi demarcating
      the injected digit subgyrus; few labeled cells were found in adjoining digit
      zones. Longer projections to the glabrous subdivision of a particular digit area
      typically originated from neurons in the heterogeneous subdivision of that same
      digit area. In contrast, the connections of the heterogeneous region of each
      digit zone were much more extensive and usually included projections from
      nonadjacent, as well as neighboring digit zones. The density of HRP-positive
      neurons declined more gradually with distance from the injection site, and
      considerable labeling was present in the heterogeneous sectors of adjacent digit
      zones. The intracortical projections of both functional subdivisions were often,
      but not always, reciprocal, and the cells of origin tended to be distributed in
      clusters. The laminar distributions of labeled neurons were similar for both
      sectors; HRP-filled cells were concentrated more in the supragranular layers,
      especially in layer III; fewer were found in the infragranular layers, mainly in
      layer VI and rarely in layer V. These results show that the intrinsic connections
      of the glabrous cortical subdivisions are fairly localized, whereas those of the
      heterogeneous cortical subdivisions are more diffuse and highly convergent. The
      differing intracortical connectional patterns of the 2 sectors are consistent
      with their contrasting thalamocortical projection patterns and may contribute to
      the unique functional properties of neurons located within each sector.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3385481
TI  - Infrapyramidal mossy fibers and two-way avoidance learning: developmental
      modification of hippocampal circuitry and adult behavior of rats and mice.
AB  - The extent of the intra- and infrapyramidal mossy fiber projection (IIP-MF) in
      the hippocampus of mice and rats is strain-specific, and correlates negatively
      with the strain-specific capacity of avoidance learning. If variations of the IIP
      MF influence the capacity for 2-way avoidance learning, then developmental
      modification of the IIP-MF projection in an individual member of a strain should
      remain correlated with its adult behavior. Pups of strains with high avoidance
      capacity and small IIP-MF projections (RHA rats, DBA/2 and BALB/c mice) were
      injected with varying doses of thyroxine during the postnatal period. This
      transient hyperthyroidism resulted in a strong, yet largely unpredictable,
      variability of the IIP-MF projection in the adult animals. Furthermore, postnatal
      saline injections also increased the variability of the IIP-MF projection;
      however, this was to a lesser degree than when using thyroxine. The animals were
      tested for 2-way avoidance learning at the age of 90-120 d. Many showed strain
      atypical avoidance scores. These deviations from the inherited level of 2-way
      avoidance learning were strongly correlated with the magnitude of the IIP-MF
      projection, regardless of whether the structural changes resulted from thyroxine
      or saline injections. A multivariate analysis showed that the observed
      correlations could neither be explained by thyroxine-induced changes in brain
      weight nor by individual differences of other terminal fields in the hippocampal
      region CA3. These results suggest that the extent of the IIP-MF projection is
      influenced by several genetic and epigenetic factors. Irrespective of the
      underlying causes, the magnitude of the IIP-MF (or of an unknown but well
      correlated variable) appears to bias the adult capacity for 2-way avoidance
      learning predictably.

PMID- 3385482
TI  - K+ at concentrations reached in the extracellular space during neuronal activity
      promotes a Ca2+-dependent glycogen hydrolysis in mouse cerebral cortex.
AB  - The effect of increasing [K+]0 on 3H-glycogen levels was examined in mouse
      cerebral cortical slices. K+ stimulates in a time- and concentration-dependent
      manner the hydrolysis of 3H-glycogen. Over 70% of the maximal effect is reached
      within 30 sec and the EC50 for the glycogenolytic action of K+ is 11 mM.
      Significant 3H-glycogen hydrolysis occurs at 5-12 mM [K+]0, concentrations
      reached by the ion in the extracellular space during neuronal activity. The K+
      evoked glycogenolysis is Ca2+-dependent, and is inhibited by Ca2+-channel
      blockers such as Ni2+ and Mn2+, but not by Cd2+, nifedipine, and omega-conotoxin.
      Furthermore, the effect of K+ is not enhanced by the Ca2+-channel agonist Bay K
      8644. This type of pharmacological profile suggests that the activation of
      voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channels of the T subtype mediates the glycogenolytic
      action of K+. This set of observations suggests that K+ released in the
      extracellular space by active neurons may promote the mobilization of energy
      substrates and therefore play a role in the coupling between neuronal activity
      and energy metabolism.

PMID- 3385483
TI  - Spatial distribution of Ca currents in molluscan neuron cell bodies and regional
      differences in the strength of inactivation.
AB  - The spatial distribution of Ca current in molluscan neuron cell bodies was
      studied using a large patch method in combination with 2-microelectrode voltage
      clamp. The method has a spatial resolution equal to about 0.1% of the cell body
      area. Ca current is not uniformly distributed. The current density varies between
      patches, changing by as much as a factor of 2.5 over a distance of 20 micron, and
      there is evidence that Ca current occurs in "hot spots" involving a few hundred
      channels. The current density increases in a moderately steep gradient from the
      soma cap, opposite the axon, toward the axon hillock. Ca currents in patches from
      different regions of the soma are qualitatively different. Currents near the soma
      cap do not inactivate or inactivate weakly during depolarization, while currents
      of equal density nearer the axon hillock exhibit pronounced inactivation. The
      strength of inactivation increases in parallel with the gradient in current
      density, but local differences in current density, or in the number of active Ca
      channels, do not explain the variability in inactivation. Inactivating and
      noninactivating Ca currents could not be distinguished on the basis of activation
      or deactivation kinetics, voltage dependence of activation, or sensitivity to
      hyperpolarizing conditioning pulses. Also, the amplitude of noninactivating
      current near the soma cap is reduced by intracellular Ca injection showing that,
      like the whole-cell current, Ca current in this region is subject to Ca-dependent
      inactivation. The data favor the hypothesis that these cells express only one
      type of Ca channel. Differences in the strength of inactivation may result from
      local differences in cytoplasmic Ca buffering, local modification of Ca channels
      in a way that changes their sensitivity to Ca-dependent inactivation, or local
      differences in the availability of cytoplasmic factors or enzymes that are
      necessary for inactivation.

PMID- 3385484
TI  - Cerebral correlates of depressed behavior in rats, visualized using 14C-2
      deoxyglucose autoradiography.
AB  - 14C-2-Deoxyglucose (2DG) was used to investigate changes in the rate of cerebral
      metabolism in 3 rat models of depressed behavior. The models had already been
      established in the literature and were induced by injections of alpha-methyl-para
      tyrosine, withdrawal from chronic amphetamine, or stress. We verified that
      exploratory behaviors were depressed in each model and that an antidepressant
      drug, tranylcypromine, prevented the depressed behavior in each model. 2DG
      studies revealed that the rate of regional glucose metabolism was elevated
      bilaterally in the lateral habenula of each of the 3 models. Regional metabolic
      rates were reduced in each model in the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex, anterior
      ventral nucleus of the thalamus, and inferior colliculus. Forebrain global
      metabolic rates were also reduced in each of the models. Tranylcypromine
      prevented the elevated rate of lateral habenula metabolism seen in each of the
      models alone but did not significantly affect the rates of global metabolism. Our
      findings of identical metabolic changes in each of the models indicate that these
      changes are not idiosyncratic to a particular model; rather, they correlate with
      a generalizable state of depressed exploratory behavior in rats.

PMID- 3385485
TI  - Periodicity of GABA-containing cells in primate prefrontal cortex.
AB  - The tangential distribution of GABA-containing cells was examined in the
      principal sulcus of the frontal lobe in 12 macaque monkeys. Following
      immunostaining with GABA antisera all immunoreactive cells were charted and their
      distribution analyzed with both statistical and spectral density methods. In
      addition, a gapless series of sections was used to generate a 2-dimensional
      reconstruction of cell disposition in the tangential plane parallel to the pia.
      Our findings indicate that the GABA cells are not distributed uniformly across
      the cortex, as is commonly believed, but that their density is characterized by 2
      independent sinusoidal fluctuations: a high-frequency component with a period
      ranging from 150 to 250 micron superimposed upon a lower-frequency component with
      a period of 1000-1275 micron. The half-cycle of the low-frequency component
      (roughly 625 micron) is very similar to the dimensions of afferent and efferent
      columns in the principal sulcus, while the half-cycle of the higher-frequency
      component (approximately 125 micron) is closer in size to that of the
      functionally defined columns of neurons found in regions of sensory cortex that
      share common physiological properties. To our knowledge, these findings are the
      first indication that inhibitory local circuit neurons are not uniformly or
      randomly distributed, but exhibit periodicities that may be related to the
      columnar, functional and architectural organization of the cortex.

PMID- 3385486
TI  - Transient expression of laminin in the optic nerve of the developing rat.
AB  - The optic nerve of the developing rat was examined for the presence of laminin,
      an adhesive glycoprotein, to assess whether it might serve as a substrate for
      retinal axon growth in vivo. The optic stalk and nerve of developing rats were
      screened immunohistochemically for the presence of laminin before, during, and
      after the period of retinal axon growth. On embryonic day 14 (E14), laminin
      immunoreactivity was present in the ventral portion of the optic stalk, the same
      region in which the first retinal axons grow. Between E16 and postnatal day 10
      (P10), cells positive for laminin were distributed throughout the cross-sectional
      area of the nerve. There was a progressive appearance of glial fibrillary acidic
      protein (GFAP) immunoreactivity, a marker for astrocytes, from the optic nerve
      head towards the chiasm beginning on E20. At the advancing front of GFAP
      immunoreactivity, cells were positive for both laminin and GFAP. Behind the
      front, laminin immunoreactivity disappeared from the cells. By P12, the only
      laminin immunoreactivity that remained within the optic nerve surrounded the
      vasculature. This is a time after the last retinal axons grow through the optic
      nerve. Monolayer cell cultures were prepared from perinatal rat optic nerves and
      processed for immunohistochemistry to determine which astrocyte type was laminin
      positive. Type 1 astrocytes, which primarily compose the immature nerve, are GFAP
      positive, A2B5-negative, and laminin-positive. Type 2 astrocytes, a major
      component of the mature optic nerve, were GFAP-positive, A2B5-positive and
      laminin-negative. An extract of developing optic nerve was analyzed by immunoblot
      along with laminin purified from Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm (EHS) sarcoma. Purified
      laminin ran with SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions as 2 bands with Mrs of
      200,000 and 4000,000. Both bands reacted with antibodies to laminin. A low-salt
      extraction of whole optic nerve from E18 rats resulted in 2 bands with the same
      Mr as seen with laminin from EHS sarcoma. When only the inside of the optic nerve
      (which lacked the basal lamina and meninges that surround the outside) was
      processed, there was a dark 200,000 D band, but the 400,000 D band was virtually
      absent. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that laminin, or a
      variant form of laminin, serves as a substrate for retinal axon growth in the
      developing rat optic nerve.

PMID- 3385487
TI  - Extrinsic determinants of retinal ganglion cell structure in the cat.
AB  - The degree to which a retinal ganglion cell's environment can affect its
      morphological development was studied by manipulating the distribution of
      ganglion cells in the developing cat retina. In the newborn kitten there is an
      exuberant ganglion cell projection from temporal retina to the contralateral
      lateral geniculate nucleus (LGNd) (Leventhal et al., 1988) and from nasal retina
      to the ipsilateral LGNd. Neonatal, unilateral optic tract section results in the
      survival of many of these ganglion cells (Leventhal et al., 1988). The morphology
      of ganglion cells which survive in regions of massively reduced ganglion cell
      density was studied. As reported previously (Linden and Perry, 1982; Perry and
      Linden, 1982; Ault et al., 1985; Eysel et al., 1985), we found that the dendritic
      fields of all types of ganglion cells on the border of an area depleted of
      ganglion cells extended into the depleted area. The cell bodies and dendritic
      fields of alpha and beta cells within depopulated areas, as well as on the
      borders of the depopulated areas, were larger than normal. The dendritic fields
      of these cells also exhibited abnormal branching patterns. For alpha and beta
      cell types the relative increase in size tended to be greatest where the relative
      change in density was the greatest. In fact, isolated beta cells within the cell
      poor area centralis region resembled normal central alpha cells in the cell-rich
      region of the area centralis in the same retina. Interestingly, in the same
      regions of reduced density where alpha and beta cells were dramatically larger
      than normal, the cell body and dendritic field sizes of other cell types
      (epsilon, g1 and g2 were unchanged. These results indicate that neuronal
      interactions during development contribute to the morphological differentiation
      of retinal ganglion cells and that different mechanisms mediate the morphological
      development of different classes of cells in cat retina.

PMID- 3385488
TI  - Experimental induction of an abnormal ipsilateral visual field representation in
      the geniculocortical pathway of normally pigmented cats.
AB  - In the normally pigmented neonatal cat, many ganglion cells in temporal retina
      project to the contralateral dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGNd) and medial
      interlaminar nucleus (MIN). Most of these cells are eliminated during postnatal
      development. If one optic tract is sectioned at birth, much of this exuberant
      projection from the contralateral temporal retina is stabilized (Leventhal et
      al., 1988b). To determine how the abnormal projection from the contralateral
      temporal retina is accommodated in the central visual pathways, neuronal activity
      was recorded in the visual thalamus and cortex of adult cats whose optic tracts
      were sectioned as neonates. The recordings showed that up to 20 degrees of the
      ipsilateral hemifield is represented in the LGNd and MIN. Recordings from areas
      17 and 18 of the intact visual cortex showed that up to 20 degrees of the
      ipsilateral visual field is also represented and that the ipsilateral
      representation is organized as in a Boston Siamese cat (Hubel and Wiesel, 1971;
      Shatz, 1977; Cooper and Blasdel, 1980) or a heterozygous albino cat (Leventhal et
      al., 1985b). The extent of the ipsilateral visual field representation was
      greater in area 18 than in area 17; the extent of the ipsilateral hemifield
      representation in areas 17 and 18 varied with elevation, increasing with distance
      from the horizontal meridian. The receptive fields of cells in the LGNd and
      visual cortex subserving contralateral temporal retina were abnormally large.
      Otherwise, their receptive field properties seemed normal. In the same animals
      studied physiologically, HRP was injected into the ipsilateral hemifield
      representation in the LGNd and MIN of the intact hemisphere. The topographic
      distribution of the alpha and beta cells, respectively, labeled by these
      injections correlated with the elevation-related changes in the ipsilateral
      visual field representation in areas 18 and 17. Our results indicate that the
      retinotopic organization of the mature geniculocortical pathway reflects the
      abnormal pattern of central projections of ganglion cells in neonatally optic
      tract sectioned cats. Thus, if they do not die, retinal ganglion cells normally
      eliminated during development are capable of making seemingly normal, functional
      connections. The finding that an albino-like representation of the ipsilateral
      hemifield can be induced in the visual cortex of normally pigmented cats suggests
      that the well-documented defects in the geniculocortical pathways of albinos are
      secondary to the initial misrouting of ganglion cells at the optic chiasm (Kliot
      and Shatz, 1985) and not a result of albinism per se.

PMID- 3385489
TI  - Identification and characterization of neurons initiating patterned neural
      activity in the buccal ganglia of Aplysia.
AB  - Two patterns of neural activity were identified in excised buccal ganglia of
      Aplysia californica. Both are expressed in many cells, and each can be expressed
      independently. Using cells B4 and B5 as monitors of the activity patterns, we
      searched the buccal ganglia for cells initiating the patterns. Two electrically
      coupled cells, B31 and B32, can initiate what we termed pattern 2. The cells are
      active before pattern 2 is expressed. Stimuli initiating pattern 2 excite
      B31/B32. Depolarizing B31/B32 induces the pattern, while hyperpolarizing them can
      prevent its expression. The cells have unusual features. Their somata do not
      sustain conventional action potentials, and depolarization causes a regenerative
      response. B33 differs from B31/B32 in that its soma sustains conventional action
      potentials but otherwise has similar features. B34 also seems to be inexcitable
      but has weaker synaptic input than B31/B32 and appears unable to induce pattern
      2. B35 and B36 have prominent regenerative capabilities. B35 is also able to
      initiate pattern 2. B37 is presynaptic to B31/B32 and can initiate pattern 2 via
      its effects on them. The newly identified cells provide a starting point for
      investigating factors that initiate and control different patterns of neural
      activity in the buccal ganglia. Since the buccal ganglia are involved in
      generating feeding behavior, further studies on the newly identified cells may
      provide insights into the neural control of feeding behavior, and provide a
      neural substrate for studying modulation of the feeding patterns by associative
      learning.

PMID- 3385490
TI  - Characterization of the proteins purified with monoclonal antibodies to glutamic
      acid decarboxylase.
AB  - Immunoaffinity columns are prepared from the monoclonal antibody (MAb) GAD-1.
      These columns are used to enrich glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) from the
      cytosolic fraction of rat brain homogenates and from Triton X-100 extracts of the
      brain membrane fraction. In each case enzyme activity is enriched over 400-fold.
      The immunopurified fractions were analyzed by SDS-PAGE. Fractions purified from
      the cytosol consisted of a quantitatively major band of 59 kDa, and one band of
      63 kDa, as well as a group centered around 55 kDa. Fractions purified from
      membranes consisted primarily of the 59 and 63 kDa components; only traces of the
      lower-molecular-weight components were present. The entire set of proteins
      purified on GAD-1 immunoaffinity columns is strongly recognized by 2 widely used
      antisera to GAD, those described in Saito et al. (1974) and Oertel et al. (1981).
      The 59 kDa protein from the cytosolic fraction was purified to homogeneity by
      preparative SDS-PAGE; a partial amino acid sequence of this protein was obtained.
      The 59 kDa protein has a high degree of sequence homology with the deduced amino
      acid sequence of the protein that was coded for by a cDNA for feline GAD (Kaufman
      et al., 1986; Kobayashi et al., 1987). Thus, these proteins are either products
      of a single gene that diverged during the evolution of rat and cat from a common
      ancestor, or are members of a closely related set of genes found in both species.
      The MAb GAD-6 recognizes the 59 kDa band and the group of bands centered around
      55 kDa on Western blots. Therefore, these proteins are immunochemically related.
      GAD-6 does not recognize the 63 kDa band. In Western blots of unfractionated
      homogenates of the whole brain, the only band recognized by GAD-6 is a 59 kDa
      band.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3385491
TI  - Spatial distribution of motor unit fibers in the cat soleus and tibialis anterior
      muscles: local interactions.
AB  - The spatial distribution of muscle fibers belonging to a motor unit was studied
      in the soleus and tibialis anterior muscles of adult cats. Motor unit fibers were
      depleted of their glycogen through repetitive stimulation of the motoneuron or of
      the functionally isolated motor axon. Subsequently, the position of depleted
      muscle fibers was mapped on serial cross sections taken along the length of the
      muscle. A subset of fibers was selected from the cross section containing the
      largest number of motor unit fibers and 4 spatial analyses were performed. These
      analyses were designed to determine whether the muscle fibers belonging to a
      single unit were distributed in a random manner. To test whether the actual
      distribution was other than random, Monte Carlo techniques were used to simulate
      the random innervation of a muscle. From these simulations, a test statistic was
      calculated for comparison with the observed data. Adjacency and nearest-neighbor
      analyses revealed no tendency for grouping or dispersion of fibers belonging to a
      motor unit. However, measurement of the distances between all motor unit fibers
      revealed a greater tendency for grouping than spreading, suggesting the existence
      of some mechanism that restricts the absolute distribution and territory of a
      motor unit.

PMID- 3385492
TI  - Vulnerability of cultured cortical neurons to damage by excitotoxins:
      differential susceptibility of neurons containing NADPH-diaphorase.
AB  - Quantitative concentration-toxicity relationships were determined for the injury
      of cultured murine cortical neurons by several excitatory amino acid (EAA)
      agonists. All tested agonists produced concentration-dependent neuronal injury at
      concentrations between 1 and 1000 microM. With 5 min exposure, glutamate,
      aspartate, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), L-homocysteate (HCA), and quisqualate all
      had similar potencies, destroying half of the neuronal population (LD50) at
      concentrations of 50-200 microM, and similar efficacies, with 88-92% neuronal
      loss produced by exposure to high agonist concentrations. Quinolinate and kainate
      were substantially weaker toxins, producing only 20-30% neuronal loss after 5 min
      exposure to 3 mM concentrations; with prolonged (24 hr) exposure, 85-95% neuronal
      loss could be attained. The comparative EAA vulnerability of a specific cortical
      neuronal subpopulation containing high concentrations of the enzyme, reduced
      nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase (NADPH-d), was also
      examined. Glutamate had no differential toxicity on these cells, damaging them at
      all concentrations in proportion to the general population; however, other, more
      selective, agonists produced strikingly differential injuries. These NADPH-d
      containing [NADPH-d(+)]neurons were selectively resistant to damage by low
      concentrations of the NMDA agonists quinolinate, HCA, aspartate, or NMDA itself.
      By contrast, NADPH-d(+)neurons were selectively destroyed by concentrations of
      quisqualate or kainate too low to produce much general neuronal injury. The
      differential susceptibility of these neurons was not absolute, as high
      concentrations of all tested agonists produced nonselective neuronal injury. In
      light of recent evidence that forebrain NADPH-d(+)neurons are selectively spared
      in Huntington's disease, the present study continues to support the hypothesis
      that neuronal loss in Huntington's disease might result from excessive NMDA
      receptor stimulation by any selective NMDA agonist. Furthermore, the
      demonstration that the differential susceptibility of NADPH-d(+)neurons is
      agonist concentration-dependent, rather than absolute, could provide a basis for
      explaining some existing conflicting experimental data.

PMID- 3385493
TI  - Zinc alters excitatory amino acid neurotoxicity on cortical neurons.
AB  - Recent studies have suggested that large amounts of free zinc may be coreleased
      during excitatory synaptic transmission at glutamatergic synapses, and may act
      postsynaptically to decrease actions mediated by N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)
      receptors, while often increasing neuroexcitation mediated by quisqualate
      receptors. The present study examined the ability of zinc to alter excitatory
      amino acid (EAA) neurotoxicity. Murine cortical cell cultures were exposed to
      EAAs for 5 min in defined solutions, and neuronal cell injury was examined the
      following day both morphologically and by lactate dehydrogenase assay. Inclusion
      of 30-500 microM zinc in the exposure solution produced a zinc concentration
      dependent, noncompetitive attenuation of NMDA-induced neuronal injury, with an
      ED50 of about 80 microM. In contrast, zinc produced the same concentration
      dependent potentiation of quisqualate neurotoxicity; and with 500 microM zinc, a
      small potentiation of kainate neurotoxicity was suggested. The effect of zinc on
      the neurotoxicity of the broad-spectrum agonist glutamate was consistent with
      these effects on specific agonists, as well as with a previous study showing that
      glutamate neurotoxicity normally depends predominantly on NMDA-receptor
      activation. Zinc produced a concentration-dependent reduction in glutamate
      induced neuronal injury in a fashion similar to that seen with NMDA, but less
      effectively. In addition, despite this overall protective effect, zinc
      paradoxically increased the glutamate-induced destruction of nicotinamide adenine
      dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase (NADPH-d)-containing neurons, a subpopulation
      that was shown in the preceding paper (Koh and Choi, 1988) to exhibit resistance
      to NMDA receptor-mediated neurotoxicity, and vulnerability to non-NMDA receptor
      mediated neurotoxicity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3385494
TI  - The overall pattern of ocular dominance bands in cat visual cortex.
AB  - This study describes the overall arrangement of geniculocortical input
      representing the system of cortical ocular dominance bands in layer IV of striate
      cortex in the adult cat. The pattern of ocular dominance bands was revealed by
      transneuronal transport of the intraocularly injected tracer wheat germ
      agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP). Our data indicate that
      this procedure does not damage the retina and that it results in relatively
      uniform uptake and transport of the tracer. Using previously published techniques
      (Olavarria and Van Sluyters, 1983, 1985), both cortical hemispheres of each cat
      were unfolded, flattened and tangentially sectioned. Analysis of the WGA-HRP
      labeling patterns in these sections revealed a relatively continuous network of
      irregularly branching bands in layer IV of area 17 in both hemispheres. Because
      of a systematic difference in the level of interband labeling, ocular dominance
      bands appear less distinct in the hemisphere contralateral to the injected eye.
      There is also a tendency for interband labeling to be greater in cortical regions
      that represent the more peripheral aspects of the binocular portion of the visual
      field. The width of an individual ocular dominance band in the cat fluctuates, so
      that it appears to be made up of a series of uniformly sized, roughly circular
      beads of label. The diameter of these beads averages 667 micron, and preliminary
      counts indicate that there are 650-675 beads in each striate cortex. Contrary to
      earlier suggestions, in 4 out of 6 hemispheres analyzed quantitatively there was
      no tendency for ocular dominance bands to be oriented along a preferred axis in
      cat striate cortex, including an axis orthogonal to the border between areas 17
      and 18. Ocular dominance bands in area 18 appear to be broader than those in area
      17, and they seem to have a greater tendency to be oriented orthogonal to the
      17/18 border than those in area 17. Compared with the ocular dominance pattern in
      monkey striate cortex, the ocular dominance pattern in the cat is much less
      regular. In general, cat ocular dominance bands appear to fluctuate more in
      width, to change direction more often, and to be less likely to run orthogonal to
      the 17/18 border. The greater regularity of the primate ocular dominance pattern
      may be related to differences in the way in which the visual hemifield is mapped
      onto the striate cortex in these 2 species.

PMID- 3385495
TI  - A selective impairment of motion perception following lesions of the middle
      temporal visual area (MT).
AB  - Physiological experiments indicate that the middle temporal visual area (MT) of
      primates plays a prominent role in the cortical analysis of visual motion. We
      investigated the role of MT in visual perception by examining the effect of
      chemical lesions of MT on psychophysical thresholds. We trained rhesus monkeys on
      psychophysical tasks that enabled us to assess their sensitivity to motion and to
      contrast. For motion psychophysics, we employed a dynamic random dot display that
      permitted us to vary the intensity of a motion signal in the midst of masking
      motion noise. We measured the threshold intensity for which the monkey could
      successfully complete a direction discrimination. In the contrast task, we
      measured the threshold contrast for which the monkeys could successfully
      discriminate the orientation of stationary gratings. Injections of ibotenic acid
      into MT caused striking elevations in motion thresholds, but had little or no
      effect on contrast thresholds. The results indicate that neural activity in MT
      contributes selectively to the perception of motion.

PMID- 3385496
TI  - Renal cell carcinoma: a rural experience.

PMID- 3385497
TI  - Personal observations regarding adenoidectomy.

PMID- 3385498
TI  - Modes of transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus.

PMID- 3385499
TI  - Medical dilettantes?

PMID- 3385500
TI  - [A quantitative evaluation of the postoperative maxillary sinus].

PMID- 3385501
TI  - [Spatial orientations and calibers of facial nerve components in the temporal
      bone of guinea pig].

PMID- 3385502
TI  - [Superimposing structures on the maxillary sinus by the Waters' view].

PMID- 3385503
TI  - [A study of clinicopathology of verrucous carcinoma of the oral cavity].

PMID- 3385504
TI  - [Screening test for day-care nursery children with otitis media with effusion].

PMID- 3385505
TI  - [Changes in the respiratory function after laryngectomy].

PMID- 3385506
TI  - [Mucosal pathology of experimental otitis media with effusion due to nitrogen
      dioxide exposure and the effects of carbocysteine on pathological middle ear
      mucosa].

PMID- 3385507
TI  - [Evaluation of sleep respiratory disorders in children with adeno-tonsillar
      hypertrophy].

PMID- 3385508
TI  - [Clinical study on densitometry of the maxillary sinus using the Copper-Step
      Wedge System].

PMID- 3385509
TI  - What are antioncogenes?

PMID- 3385510
TI  - The basement membrane and thin malignant melanomas.

PMID- 3385511
TI  - Autopsy histology.

PMID- 3385512
TI  - Flash labelling of S-phase cells in short-term organ culture of normal and
      pathological human endometrium using bromodeoxyuridine and tritiated thymidine.
AB  - Normal hyperplastic and malignant endometrial specimens were labelled in vitro
      with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU). S-phase cells were stained after DNA denaturation,
      using a monoclonal antibody to BrdU and an indirect immunoperoxidase method.
      Various conditions for BrdU uptake, DNA denaturation, and staining were tested.
      BrdU labelling was compared with autoradiography using tritiated thymidine, with
      good correlation. Glandular labelling indices of proliferative endometrium were
      significantly higher than both secretory and hyperplastic endometrium but were
      similar to carcinoma. Stromal labelling showed the same trend but the differences
      were not statistically significant.

PMID- 3385513
TI  - Architectural and nuclear morphometrical features together are more important
      prognosticators in endometrial hyperplasias than nuclear morphometrical features
      alone.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that 80-90 per cent of cases of atypical hyperplasia
      of the endometrium do not progress to cancer. Criteria to predict the outcome in
      an individual patient with hyperplasia are lacking, and hysterectomy is the usual
      (over)treatment in order to avoid a 10-20 per cent chance of confrontation with
      cancer later on in the course of the disease. A recent study has shown that using
      a nuclear morphometric classification rule, 15 per cent of patients without
      progression can be accurately separated from patients with progression. However,
      as it is unlikely that nuclear morphometrical features are the only morphological
      factors reflecting the outcome of the disease, other quantitative parameters
      describing the architecture of the glands have also been studied for their
      potential value in selecting patients who will progress to cancer. In total, 10
      nuclear features and 12 glandular architectural features were studied in 39 cases
      of atypical endometrial hyperplasia. Among these cases, seven (18 per cent)
      progressed to cancer. Using linear stepwise regression analysis and discriminant
      analysis, the volume percentage stroma and the standard deviation of the shortest
      nuclear axis are the best discriminators, although the outer surface density of
      the glands also adds to the discriminating power. The volume percentage stroma is
      the best single prognosticator; this feature is highly reproducible. In total,
      using these combined architectural and nuclear morphometrical features, 20 of the
      32 cases without progression were separated from those who subsequently
      progressed (62.5 per cent). This is a considerable improvement over nuclear
      morphometrical features alone (15 per cent separated).

PMID- 3385514
TI  - Adenomatous hyperplasia of the rete testis.
AB  - A gland-like cellular proliferation was observed in the deepest portion of the
      rete testis in both testes from a 55-year-old man who died from metastasis of
      breast carcinoma to the brain. The gland-like proliferations consisted of
      columnar epithelial cells supported by a thin lamina propria. These cells
      displayed irregularly outlined nuclei with deep indentations. Atypias and mitoses
      were infrequent. The term 'adenomatous hyperplasia of the rete testis' is
      proposed to designate the benign lesion reported here.

PMID- 3385515
TI  - Mast cell numbers in appendices with threadworm infestation.
AB  - A study has been made of mast cells (MC) in surgically resected appendices using
      a long toluidine blue (LTB) staining method. The numbers of MC in measured areas
      of both mucosa and submucosa/muscularis were counted and comparisons made between
      22 appendices containing threadworms and 22 which were histologically normal.
      There was considerable variation in MC numbers from case to case and the patients
      aged under 15 as a group had a higher mean number of mucosal MC than the older
      patients. The reasons for the high individual variation could not be identified
      from the histological sections, and no correlation was found between MC numbers
      and the presence of threadworms.

PMID- 3385516
TI  - How do we teach pathology? The teaching of pathology in Sheffield.

PMID- 3385517
TI  - Effects of left-to-right ductus shunting on left ventricular output and cerebral
      blood flow velocity in 3-day-old preterm infants with and without severe lung
      disease.
AB  - The effects of early left-to-right ductus shunting on left ventricular output
      (LVO) and cerebral blood flow velocity (CBV) were investigated in 3-day-old
      preterm infants by means of two-dimensional Doppler and M-mode echocardiography.
      Nineteen infants required mechanical ventilation because of severe lung disease
      (group A), and 19 had mild or no lung disease (group B). Six infants in each
      group had predetermined Doppler and M-mode criteria of a hemodynamically
      significant left-to-right ductus shunt (hsPDA). In group A the LVO was similar in
      infants with and without hsPDA, but those with hsPDA had lower mean arterial
      pressure (p = 0.006) and lower mean systolic-diastolic CBV (p = 0.001) than those
      without hsPDA. In group B the presence of hsPDA was associated with a higher LVO
      (p = 0.002), whereas neither mean arterial pressure nor mean systolic-diastolic
      CBV differed significantly in infants with and without hsPDA. In infants without
      hsPDA, those in group A had higher LVO (p = 0.012), lower mean arterial pressure
      (p = 0.003), and lower estimated systemic vascular resistance (p = 0.004) than
      those in group B. These results indicate that severely ill preterm infants
      receiving mechanical ventilation are less able than spontaneously breathing
      infants to defend systemic pressures and cerebral perfusion through an increase
      of LVO when a large ductus shunt develops. Possible reasons include an elevated
      baseline LVO, caused by systemic vasodilation, and hence a low preload reserve.

PMID- 3385518
TI  - Right common carotid artery ligation in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.
AB  - The effect of right common carotid artery ligation required for arteriovenous
      extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) was investigated in 35 infants. Their
      neonatal course was reviewed for evidence of right-sided ischemia of the brain,
      as suggested by the presence of focal seizures, hemiparesis, focal abnormalities
      on electroencephalography, or infarct or hemorrhage demonstrable on neuroimaging
      studies. A significant incidence of left focal seizures (9/35) versus right focal
      seizures (2/35) was noted, suggesting an effect of the carotid ligation on right
      hemisphere function. Computed tomographic scans (20/35 infants),
      electroencephalograms (18/35), ultrasound scans (31/35), and neurologic
      examinations did not reveal an increased incidence of right hemisphere
      abnormalities. These data suggest that systematic evaluation of the effects of
      right common carotid ligation should proceed as discussion continues on expanding
      the use of ECMO.

PMID- 3385519
TI  - Vitamin C-induced erythrocyte damage in premature infants.
AB  - This study was undertaken after the observation in a premature infant of a
      hemolytic anemia with Heinz bodies that appeared to result from administration of
      a multivitamin preparation. In vitro incubation of erythrocytes of premature
      infants with sodium ascorbate (0.1 mg/ml) for 3 hours significantly raised the
      number of Heinz body-containing cells from 17.6 +/- 5.7% to 27.2 +/- 8.2% (mean
      +/- SE). Erythrocytes of term infants and those of adults developed Heinz bodies
      after exposure to higher sodium ascorbate concentrations (1.0 mg/ml).
      Erythrocytes of adult and newborn guinea pigs were similarly affected by sodium
      ascorbate. Daily intraperitoneal injections of 500 mg of sodium ascorbate, given
      for 7 days to four adult guinea pigs, caused significant Heinz body formation.
      These studies indicate that the erythrocytes of premature infants are uniquely
      sensitive to the development of Heinz bodies after exposure to sodium ascorbate.
      The levels required to produce Heinz bodies in vitro are in the range of those
      found in vivo after routine administration of vitamin C to premature infants. The
      significance of these observations in the development of hyperbilirubinemia in
      premature infants and in the safety of vitamin C remains to be determined.

PMID- 3385521
TI  - Development of human palmar and digital flexion creases.
AB  - To determine the timing of the development of the various palmar and digital
      creases, we examined the hands of 100 human fetuses obtained after therapeutic
      abortion. The fetuses ranged in age from 7 to 19 fetal weeks, with age being
      established by menstrual period dates and ultrasound examination before
      termination. Our observations show that palmar and digital creases develop
      between 8 and 13 fetal weeks. Digital creases are well defined by 10 weeks;
      palmar creases are consistently seen by 13 weeks of gestation. The volar pads are
      present from 8 to 14 fetal weeks. A hand malformation or specific insult that
      occurs before the time of crease development and that alters the form or function
      of the fetal hand can cause secondary alterations increase patterns of the hand.

PMID- 3385520
TI  - Electrical potential difference and ion transport across nasal epithelium of term
      neonates: correlation with mode of delivery, transient tachypnea of the newborn,
      and respiratory rate.
AB  - We studied the change in ion transport function by measuring the basal
      transepithelial potential difference (PD) across the ciliated epithelium of the
      nose in 85 term neonates during the first 72 hours of life. Differences in PD
      associated with the mode of delivery or the presence of respiratory disease and
      differences in the PD response to the superfusion of amiloride (10(-5) mol/L)
      were assessed. We also studied term neonates with transient tachypnea of the
      newborn (TTN) and acute respiratory insufficiency. Basal PDs during the first 24
      hours of life were higher in neonates delivered by cesarean section without prior
      labor (-29.7 +/- 2.5 mV) and in those with TTN (-38.5 +/- 6.0 mV) than in
      neonates born during normal spontaneous vaginal delivery (-23.0 +/- 2.9 mV) or
      cesarean section with prior labor (-23.7 +/- 0.7 mV) or in those with respiratory
      insufficiency (-22.4 +/- 2.3 mV). The percentage inhibition of PD by amiloride
      superfusion (less than 24 hours) was significantly lower in infants with TTN
      (30.9 +/- 4.9%) and after cesarean section without prior labor (31.8 +/- 2.2%)
      than in other groups (37.6 +/- 1.6%). By 48 hours, nasal PDs after cesarean
      section without prior labor and in neonates with TTN had declined; and by 72
      hours, values were similar to those in other groups; respiratory rate paralleled
      the decline in PD. The respiratory rate of neonates with respiratory
      insufficiency remained high and paralleled the persistence of respiratory
      distress. Amiloride sensitivity was similar for all groups by 72 hours. These
      findings indicate (1) that PDs vary with the mode of delivery and support a role
      for labor in the normal transition of respiratory epithelial ion transport and
      (2) that TTN is associated with abnormal epithelial ion transport.

PMID- 3385522
TI  - Lorazepam for the control of chemotherapy-related nausea and vomiting in
      children.

PMID- 3385523
TI  - Treatment of intracranial abscesses associated with sinusitis in children and
      adolescents.
AB  - We retrospectively reviewed the management of intracranial abscesses associated
      with sinusitis in 13 children and adolescents by reviewing medical records and
      computed tomography (CT) scans of a consecutive case series. The mean duration of
      follow-up was 4.5 years with a range of 1.3 to 8.6 years, and the setting was a
      major metropolitan children's hospital providing primary as well as tertiary
      care. All patients received antibiotics (most commonly chloramphenicol, 75 to 100
      mg/kg/day, in combination with oxacillin, 150 to 200 mg/kg/day) to which the
      sinus and intracranial organisms are susceptible. Surgical drainage of loculated
      infection was done for patients with acute neurologic symptoms or signs and for
      those patients whose abscesses enlarged during medical therapy. Three patients
      underwent immediate drainage of intracranial abscesses because of acute
      neurologic signs and symptoms. Sequential CT scans demonstrated enlargement of
      the intracranial abscesses in the remaining 10 patients. This apparent failure of
      medical management could not be explained by duration of symptoms before therapy,
      size of lesion, choice of antibiotics, or use of steroids. No child was
      successfully treated with antibiotics alone. Successful management consisted of
      antibiotic therapy combined with surgical drainage of loculated infection. This
      approach to therapy is preferred for all children with intracranial abscess
      associated with sinusitis.

PMID- 3385524
TI  - Grade I Reye syndrome and profound dicarboxylic aciduria.

PMID- 3385525
TI  - Tracheobronchial abnormalities in bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

PMID- 3385526
TI  - Infant formulas improperly prepared from powdered cow milk.

PMID- 3385527
TI  - Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated renal disease in children.
AB  - Five children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and clinically
      significant renal disease had detailed pathologic examination of renal tissue
      (biopsy specimens, autopsy specimens, or both). All patients had proteinuria,
      hypoalbuminemia, and edema; one patient had persistent azotemia. In two cases,
      renal disease was the first manifestation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
      infection. All patients had progressive renal disease, and four of the five died.
      Pathologic studies revealed focal glomerulosclerosis and mesangial proliferative
      glomerulonephritis with deposits of immunoglobulins and complement demonstrated
      by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. Characteristic tubuloreticular
      structures were also demonstrated in the glomerular endothelial or epithelial
      cells in two cases. Renal disease is part of the multisystem involvement in
      children with AIDS. The pathogenesis of renal disease is not known, but
      circulating immune complexes are known to occur in children with HIV infection
      and may be involved.

PMID- 3385528
TI  - Trisomy 18 score: a rapid, reliable diagnostic test for trisomy 18.
AB  - We developed a bedside scoring system for diagnosis of trisomy 18 in the
      immediate neonatal period. Points are assigned for the presence of features known
      to occur in trisomy 18: five points for the presence of features previously
      reported in 50% or more of affected infants; three points for features reported
      to occur in between 10% and 50% of affected individuals; and one point for
      features known to occur in less than 10% of infants with the disorder. Using the
      scoring system, we evaluated two cohorts of patients: those in whom a diagnosis
      of trisomy 18 was previously established (retrospective group) and those in whom
      the diagnosis was suspected but not yet proved (prospective group). The average
      score in the retrospective series (n = 25) was 96.7, and no patient scored less
      than 70. Twenty-two patients were evaluated prospectively; in all cases the
      presence or absence of trisomy 18 was correctly predicted. The average score in
      the 11 patients without trisomy 18 was 41.4, and all patients scored 60 or less.
      In the 11 patients confirmed to have trisomy 18, the average score was 94.3, with
      a range of 70 to 113. This scoring system is an accurate, reproducible method for
      predicting trisomy 18 in neonates with multiple congenital malformations.

PMID- 3385529
TI  - Diaphyseal dysplasia associated with anemia.
AB  - Five patients in early childhood had moderate to marked anemia and clinically
      demonstrable thick long bones of the extremities with radiologic features of
      diaphyseal dysplasia. Although the anemia was persistent and not responsive to
      hematinics, prednisolone was administered to two of these patients and caused
      remarkable improvement of the anemia in both. Roentgenologic examination carried
      out after 1 year of corticosteroid therapy in one patient and after 11 years in
      another showed considerable improvement of the bony changes. The clinical and
      radiologic examinations of these patients and their follow-up study suggest that
      they may constitute an unusual group of patients with diaphyseal dysplasia
      associated with anemia, hitherto not well defined.

PMID- 3385530
TI  - Isovaleric acidemia: medical and neurodevelopmental effects of long-term therapy.
AB  - Nine patients with isovaleric acidemia were treated with a low-protein diet and
      supplemental glycine for up to 10 years. Carnitine was added to the therapy in
      four patients. Overall, the treatment was well tolerated, resulting in no
      significant side effects other than persistent hyperglycinemia. Normal growth was
      observed in all patients. Of four patients with the chronic phenotype, three,
      whose treatment was delayed beyond the first year of life, are mentally retarded.
      Two of five patients with the acute phenotype are retarded. The outcome in these
      two was complicated in one by neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage and in the
      other by therapeutic noncompliance. In our patients, only those who were treated
      successfully from early infancy and had no complications did not develop mental
      retardation. After initiation of therapy, there was a significant decrease in
      ketoacidotic attacks requiring hospitalization. Glycine is indicated for the
      treatment of acute ketoacidosis in these patients; none of the catastrophically
      ill newborn who received glycine died. The aim of treatment is to reduce the
      isovaleric acid burden to a minimum. Therapy consisting of leucine restriction
      with supplemental glycine and carniline should be started as soon as possible
      after birth.

PMID- 3385531
TI  - Treatment of attention problems with stimulant medication.

PMID- 3385532
TI  - Prevalence and significance of mild bleeding disorders in children with recurrent
      epistaxis.

PMID- 3385533
TI  - Serum C-reactive protein in assessment of pulmonary exacerbations and
      antimicrobial therapy in cystic fibrosis.

PMID- 3385534
TI  - Fatal infantile cardiopathy caused by phosphorylase b kinase deficiency.

PMID- 3385535
TI  - Expression of type III hyperlipoproteinemia in an adolescent patient with
      hypothyroidism.

PMID- 3385536
TI  - Fiddler's neck in a child.

PMID- 3385537
TI  - Composition of milk produced by a mother with galactosemia.

PMID- 3385538
TI  - Corneal tyrosine crystals in transient neonatal tyrosinemia.

PMID- 3385539
TI  - Bioavailability of calcium and phosphorus in human milk fortifiers and formula
      for very low birth weight infants.
AB  - Growth, 96-hour balance of nutrients (nitrogen, fat, calcium (Ca), phosphorus
      (P), and magnesium), metabolizable energy, and serum biochemical markers of
      mineral status (Ca and P concentrations and alkaline phosphatase activity) were
      measured in 22 very low birth weight infants to investigate the bioavailability
      of minerals from specialized formula and from human milk fortifiers. The intakes
      of Ca and P were similar between group FORM ("Preemie" SMA) and group CMF (1:1
      wt/wt, human milk and Similac Natural Care or Similac Special Care). The intakes
      of nitrogen, energy, fat, and magnesium differed between groups. Group CMF had
      significantly greater fecal losses and significantly lower absorption and
      retention of Ca and P in comparison with those of group FORM. Retention of Ca and
      P in both groups, however, was greater than 25% below intrauterine estimates of
      accretion. Retention rates of Ca, P, and magnesium were not correlated with their
      respective intakes. Weight gain during the balance study and during the entire
      study interval was significantly less in group CMF. The ratio of Ca retention to
      either weight gained or nitrogen retained was lower in group CMF, which suggested
      that the low retention of Ca was related less to the slower rate of growth in
      these infants than to their greater fecal losses of Ca. Although the cause of the
      greater fecal losses of Ca and P in this group is unclear, the data suggest an
      insolubility of the mineral sources. Our results indicate that sole reliance on
      the absolute mineral concentrations of the milk selected for very low birth
      weight infants may be unrealistic; the bioavailability of Ca and P from
      particular mineral sources should be evaluated.

PMID- 3385540
TI  - Comparative activity of drugs: a new role for USP.

PMID- 3385541
TI  - Effect of solvent addition and thermal treatment on freeze drying of cefazolin
      sodium.

PMID- 3385542
TI  - A review of current technology in parenteral manufacturing.

PMID- 3385543
TI  - Residual seal force measurement of parenteral vials. II. Elastomer evaluation.

PMID- 3385544
TI  - The effects of autoclaving on the stability of physostigmine salicylate in buffer
      solutions.

PMID- 3385545
TI  - A stability and compatibility evaluation of a novel calcium entry blocker in
      admixture preparations.

PMID- 3385546
TI  - [15N]methacetin urine test to measure liver function: methodology for application
      in pediatrics.
AB  - A simple, noninvasive test is proposed to measure the activity of the
      hepatocellular monooxygenase system in vivo. Elimination rates of the stable
      isotope 15N are measured in urine after an oral dose of the 15N-labeled
      phenacetin homologue [15N]methacetin. Different forms of obtaining and expressing
      results are investigated in order to determine optimum methodology and
      differentiation for clinical application in pediatrics. The best discriminating
      power and reliability of results are seen with the measurement of 15N elimination
      half-life. For follow-up, a more easily measured parameter--eliminated dose over
      9 h--is sufficient. In the latter case, only total nitrogen and 15N contents of a
      collective urine sample are measured.

PMID- 3385547
TI  - Gastroduodenal endoscopic-histologic correlation in pediatric patients.
AB  - The histopathologic abnormalities in endoscopic biopsies from the stomach and
      duodenal bulb were correlated with the visual findings of upper gastrointestinal
      endoscopy in 94 children (mean age, 8.4 years; 51 boys and 43 girls) with a
      variety of complaints. Histology was graded by observers blinded to the
      endoscopic findings, and both endoscopy and histology were graded using scales
      reflecting increasing severity with increasing grade. In all three locations
      studied (gastric body, antrum, and duodenal bulb), endoscopic grade was
      significantly higher than the histologic grade. Correlation was especially poor
      with mild endoscopic findings such as erythema and granularity/nodularity, which
      had little predictive value for histologic inflammation. Few patients had severe
      disease with eight of 94 having ulcer by endoscopy and seven of 94 having greater
      than grade 2 histologic disease in any location. We conclude that endoscopy
      without biopsy should not be used to diagnose gastroduodenal inflammation in
      pediatric patients.

PMID- 3385548
TI  - Randomized study of premedication for esophagogastroduodenoscopy in children and
      adolescents.
AB  - In order to compare three premedication regimens, 58 children and adolescents
      were randomized to three groups: Group I, meperidine intramuscular; Group II,
      atropine intramuscular and diazepam intravenous; and Group III, meperidine,
      promethazine, and chlorpromazine intramuscular. Almost all patients required
      supplemental intravenous diazepam or meperidine to obtain adequate sedation. An
      endoscopist without knowledge of the medication group scored each patient for
      adequacy of sedation. Sedation was more effective in Group III than in Groups I
      and II (p less than 0.005); however, Group III patients were less arousable at
      completion of the procedure (p less than 0.0005) and had a greater duration of
      sedation (220 min compared with 56 and 88 min for Groups I and II, respectively,
      p less than 0.001). Complications were minor and not associated with any specific
      treatment. The evidence from this study supports the following conclusions: (a)
      adequate sedation for esophagogastroduodenoscopy in pediatric patients requires
      sedation with more than one of the drugs used in this study; and (b) the regimen
      meperidine, promethazine, and chlorpromazine, with diazepam supplement, was
      superior in providing sedation, but patients required a longer period of recovery
      than did patients sedated with one of the other regimens.

PMID- 3385549
TI  - Heterogeneity of pepsinogens in the urine of children.
AB  - The existence of a significant linear relationship between the concentration of
      chlorides and the activity of pepsinogen (PG) in the urine was ascertained in the
      case of full-term infants 3 days to 6 weeks of age. At the age of 4-6 weeks, a
      significant relationship was found between the urinary pepsinogen activity and
      the urinary creatinine concentration, and between the urinary pepsinogen activity
      in the urine and the urine osmolality. Immediately after birth, the Pg7 fraction
      of PG II in the urine was found in all cases and, at the age of 4-6 weeks, in 11%
      of cases. In regard to the time factor, the conspicuous drop in the occurrence of
      the Pg7 fraction corresponds to the new qualitative relationship between the
      pepsinogen activity in the urine and the creatinine concentration in the urine
      and between the former and the urine osmolality. In premature infants, the Pg7
      fraction disappears more slowly. The spectrum of pepsinogens in the urine was
      examined in children suffering from various diseases. In a girl with lymphoma, we
      found the Pg7 fraction, but this finding was temporary only.

PMID- 3385550
TI  - Eosinophilic gastroenteropathy in childhood.
AB  - Eosinophilic gastroenteropathy (EG) is an uncommon, idiopathic disease in
      children that is characterized by eosinophilic inflammation of the intestine.
      Over a 7-year period 17 infants and children with EG were evaluated; the
      retrospective review of their clinical data constitutes the basis of this report.
      A scale developed for grading the degree of mucosal eosinophilia was used in the
      evaluation of the intestinal histopathology; all patients had eosinophilic
      infiltration that was far more severe than that seen in other intestinal
      disorders of childhood. Peripheral eosinophilia was observed in 12 patients.
      However, two more had evidence of rapid turnover of eosinophils with
      significantly increased numbers of precursors in bone marrow and intense
      intestinal infiltration. Serum IgE correlated with the severity of the disease;
      extreme elevations were associated with chronic severe illness similar to that
      commonly reported in adults. Evidence of viral infection in two patients and
      dietary responsiveness in two infants bring to question the specificity of
      diagnosis on histology alone. Treatment with oral cromolyn sodium and/or
      prednisone was effective, but some patients have remained dependent upon therapy.

PMID- 3385551
TI  - Loss of the glycocalyx of enterocytes in small intestine: a feature detected by
      scanning electron microscopy in children with gastrointestinal intolerance to
      dietary protein.
AB  - Observations are reported on biopsied small bowel mucosa by scanning and
      transmission electron microscopy in 10 infants and children with chronic diarrhea
      and intolerance to dietary protein(s). The most striking and consistent finding
      was widespread loss of glycocalyx from the surface of enterocytes, exposing the
      tips of the microvilli. Concomitantly, disaccharidase activities were markedly
      depressed in nine of the 10 patients, and such enzyme activities showed a
      tendency to return toward normal after removal of the offending dietary
      antigen(s) in concert with efforts to rebuild the glycocalyx. By light
      microscopy, no discernible structural damage was seen in eight of the 10
      patients; two showed blunting of villi, but there was also loss of glycocalyx.
      The pathogenesis of the loss of the glycocalyx is unknown. Its finding is rather
      unique, because it has not been observed in any other condition characterized by
      chronic diarrhea in children. It is possible that the loss of the glycocalyx is a
      sequel to cell damage by a hitherto not defined interaction between host and
      dietary protein. Immunologic processes may be involved.

PMID- 3385552
TI  - Case control study on nutritional risk factors in celiac disease.
AB  - This study explored whether risk or protective nutritional factors have a role in
      childhood celiac disease. The effect of bottle feeding and early introduction of
      gluten to the diet was evaluated in a case control study. For each case, about 10
      controls were recruited: sample size was determined as required for the
      evaluation of the study hypothesis. Patients were significantly less breast fed
      than were controls. Bottle-fed children had an earlier introduction of gluten to
      the diet than did controls, but when early gluten introduction was analyzed
      across strata of breast-fed or bottle-fed children, no risk was attributed to it.
      Bottle feeding appeared to be a significant risk factor in children who received
      gluten early as well as in those who received gluten later. Breast-feeding rates
      for patients and controls were equal at birth, but lower for patients by the age
      of 1 month: from then onward, there was a constant difference between patients
      and controls regarding the percentage still at breast. Interruption of breast
      feeding was a risk factor in celiac disease, but early gluten introduction did
      not appear to be a similar risk factor in the present study.

PMID- 3385553
TI  - Reaction of rectal mucosa of celiac patients to direct contact with gluten.
AB  - It is assumed that the colonic mucosa of celiac patients is not sensitive to
      gluten. This assumption has been supported by the absence of clinical
      manifestations of colonic involvement in patients with active celiac disease
      which, by itself, does not confirm insensitivity to gluten. Eight children, aged
      from 11 to 25 months, with an initial diagnosis of celiac disease were studied:
      in five children a definite diagnosis has already been confirmed. Rectal gluten
      challenge was done by means of retention enemas. A volume of 100 ml of a 10%
      gluten suspension in water was introduced into the rectum three times per day for
      8 days; each enema was retained at least 1 h. Rectosigmoidoscopies and rectal
      biopsies were done before and at the end of the challenge period. The endoscopic
      appearance of rectal mucosa was normal in all the children either before or after
      gluten challenge. The means of total mucosal thickness, intraepithelial
      lymphocyte counts, mitotic crypt cell activity, and cellular infiltration of
      lamina propria increased after challenge; the mean of goblet cell/epithelial cell
      ratio in the surface epithelium decreased. The differences between each pair of
      means (before and after challenge), however, were not significant except for
      total mucosal thickness (p less than 0.05), the meaning of which is unclear. This
      study did not definitely demonstrate that the rectal mucosa of celiacs is
      insensitive to gluten. For practical clinical purposes, however, it behaves as
      such. This makes the rectal mucosa a useless tool for the final diagnosis of
      celiac disease.

PMID- 3385554
TI  - Comparison of glucose/electrolyte and glucose/glycine/electrolyte oral
      rehydration solutions in hospitalized children with diarrhea in Costa Rica.
AB  - The experience of Nalin et al. and Patra et al. with a "super oral rehydration
      solution (ORS)" containing glucose plus glycine to enhance the intestinal
      absorption of sodium and water prompted us to investigate a similar ORS
      containing the standard World Health Organization (WHO/ORS) plus either 55 or 110
      mmol/L glycine in infants and small children with noncholera diarrhea. We did not
      find a statistically significant difference between the glycine-fortified ORS and
      the standard WHO/ORS with respect to the clinical outcome and composition of
      serum electrolytes.

PMID- 3385555
TI  - Oral rehydration therapy for low birth weight neonates suffering from diarrhea in
      the intensive care unit.
AB  - A total of 62 low birth weight (LBW) neonates (29 boys and 33 girls) suffering
      from diarrhea in our neonatal intensive care unit were included in this period of
      intense observation. The mean age was 13.89 +/- 13.22 days and average body
      weight was 1,500.49 +/- 281.45 g. Severity of dehydration was assessed by the
      Fortin-Parent score. When the score was less than 8 (mild to moderate
      hypovolemia), oral rehydration therapy (ORT) was administered by feeding bottle
      or nasogastric tube hourly. Severely hypovolemic neonates needed intravenous
      rehydration; 52 neonates received ORT only using the World Health Organisation
      (WHO) formula; 58 neonates received either cow's milk-based or soy-based formula
      within 12 h after ORT began, and the rest within 24 h. Diarrhea lasted less than
      1 day in 92% of cases. The regimen corrected hyponatremia and hypernatremia. Only
      two neonates developed mild asymptomatic hypernatremia. No child became
      edematous. Using the WHO solution, ORT was safely given to LBW neonates, sparing
      painful and potentially hazardous invasive techniques, and resulted in excellent
      outcomes.

PMID- 3385556
TI  - Changes of plasma free amino acids and renal clearances of carnitines in
      premature infants during L-carnitine-supplemented human milk feeding.
AB  - Eighteen breast-fed infants with a mean post-natal age of 26 days (range 16-41
      days) were studied. Following 1 control day, the infants were fed for 7
      consecutive days with pooled human milk supplemented with 300 nmol L-carnitine/ml
      milk. Both plasma fractions of acid-soluble carnitines increased as a consequence
      of carnitine application. The level of beta-hydroxybutyrate also increased
      significantly. Of the circulating free amino acids, the levels of alanine (p less
      than 0.025) and glutamine (p less than 0.01) were found to be lower, with a
      decreased urea level (p less than 0.005) by the last day of carnitine
      administration, compared with the control day. The urinary output of total
      nitrogen also decreased. There were no statistically significant changes in the
      level of free fatty acids and glucose. On the control day, the renal clearance
      rate of esterified carnitines significantly exceeded that of free fraction, thus
      the relative renal reabsorption calculated on the base of creatinine excretion
      rates was higher for free (mean 98.1%) than for acylated (mean 90.6%) carnitine.
      In response to enhanced carnitine intake, the clearance rates for each fractions
      of carnitines significantly exceeded the presupplementary values. The increased
      clearance rates was more pronounced for free (mean 13.2-fold) than for esterified
      (mean 8.08-fold) carnitines. Despite the increased clearance rates, considerable
      relative reabsorption was seen for free carnitines (mean 70.0%) as well as for
      acylcarnitines (mean 65.3%).

PMID- 3385557
TI  - A prospective survey of serial maternal serum zinc levels and pregnancy outcome.
AB  - Serum zinc levels were monitored serially in pregnant women. Compared with those
      of age-matched nonpregnant women, their serum zinc levels were significantly
      decreased in the first trimester (p less than 0.005) and further decreased in the
      second trimester (p less than 0.005) but then remained unchanged until delivery.
      Cord blood zinc levels and the ratio of cord blood to maternal serum zinc at
      delivery were significantly higher in preterm than term (greater than or equal to
      37 weeks) infants (p less than 0.05, p less than 0.05). The maternal serum zinc
      level in the second trimester was not related to the birth weights of the
      infants. Mothers with serum zinc levels of less than 65 micrograms/dl in the last
      trimester showed a higher incidence of birth weights of less than the 50th
      percentile (p less than 0.005) and also of less than the 25th percentile (p less
      than 0.005) on term delivery. The incidences of birth weights of less than the
      10th percentile on term delivery were similar for mothers with serum zinc levels
      of greater than or equal to 65 micrograms/dl. This observation suggested that a
      relatively lower birth weight may be associated with lower maternal serum zinc
      levels in the third trimester, but an additional factor (factors) is also
      involved in the outcome of low birth weight infants.

PMID- 3385558
TI  - Methodology of nutrient balance studies in the preterm infant.
AB  - Although nutrient balances are used to determine nutrient assimilation, the
      balance technique is not well described in the preterm infant. Our purpose is to
      describe the balance technique; discuss factors that may interfere with complete
      balance collections; and determine the effects of intake, patient
      characteristics, and formula fed on nutrient assimilation in the preterm infant.
      Fifty-four 84-h balances were performed in a group of well premature infants
      receiving either a casein- (Similac with Iron) or whey-predominant (Similac with
      Whey plus Iron) infant formula. Mean (+/- SD; range) birth weight, gestation,
      postnatal age, and balance weight were 1,320 g (+/- 200; 820-1,720), 32.0 weeks
      (+/- 2.0; 27-34), 36 days (+/- 14.8; 15-87), and 1,729 g (+/- 146; 1,435-2,070),
      respectively. Although absorption and retention varied, results were comparable
      with previous studies in the preterm infant. Results of linear regression
      analysis, using the stepwise regression procedure, indicate that variability in
      nutrient intake (mg/kg/day) accounted for 97 and 84% of the variability in
      nitrogen absorption and retention (mg/kg/day). Variability in nutrient intake
      (mg/kg/day) also accounted for 96 and 57% of the variability in phosphorus
      absorption and retention (mg/kg/day). Effects due to intake, birth weight,
      gestation, postnatal age, balance weight, and formula fed also accounted for a
      substantial part of the variability in calcium, zinc, and copper absorption and
      retention. The results of this study indicate that factors other than birth
      weight, gestation, and the type of formula fed have a significant effect on
      absorption and retention of nutrients and should be considered as confounding
      variables when interpreting effects due to treatment.

PMID- 3385559
TI  - Effect of zinc level in the refeeding diet in previously starved rats on plasma
      somatomedin C levels.
AB  - White male growing rats were fed rat chow diet for 4 days after which they were
      fasted for 72 h. At the end of fasting, rats were allotted into four dietary
      treatments that varied only in the level of zinc (Zn): Zn-deficient group (ZnD),
      30, 90, and 140 ppm of Zn. A group of eight rats were not fasted and were fed the
      rat chow diet throughout the experimental period. Blood was obtained at intervals
      from all groups for the measurements of Zn and somatomedin C (SMC) in the plasma.
      Eight rats were randomly selected at zero time (t0) and at the end of fasting
      period were killed for the measurement of tibia Zn. At the end of refeeding, all
      rats were killed for tibia Zn determination as well. Results showed that plasma
      SMC decreased to the hypopituitary level at the 3rd day of fasting. At 48 and 72
      h of refeeding, the levels of plasma SMC increased significantly in all
      experimental groups and the differences among groups were not significant. The
      levels of SMC in groups fed 140 and 90 ppm of Zn continued to increase
      significantly with progressive refeeding. However, in groups fed 30 ppm and ZnD
      diets the levels of SMC started to decline after 72 h of refeeding. The levels of
      plasma Zn followed similar trend as SMC levels. In addition, the levels of Zn in
      the tibia were comparable in all groups with SMC and plasma Zn levels at the end
      of fasting or refeeding period. Previous reports showed that plasma SMC level is
      a more reliable index used to monitor nutritional responses; thus, it could be
      concluded that the level of Zn in the diet should be considered carefully when
      planning nutritional intervention for severe malnutrition or starvation.

PMID- 3385560
TI  - Multifocal adenocarcinoma of the stomach in a child with common variable
      immunodeficiency.
AB  - The clinical course of a child who developed an adenocarcinoma of the stomach at
      11 years of age is described. At 6 years of age, the child was evaluated for
      abdominal pain, weight loss, and vomiting. She was found to have hemorrhagic,
      atrophic gastritis, achlorhydria, and panhypogammaglobulinemia. The gastritis
      improved with corticosteroid therapy, but relapsed each time that the steroid
      dosage was tapered. The clinical course was marked by severe growth failure,
      recurrent infections, and intermittent abdominal pain. Radiographic studies done
      when the patient was 11 years of age demonstrated a large fungating mass on the
      lesser curvature of the stomach. Endoscopy and biopsies done 1 year previously
      had not revealed any sign of malignancy. A radical gastrectomy was performed.
      Microscopic studies revealed multifocal adenocarcinoma of the stomach with no
      evidence of invasion of the submucosa or local lymph nodes. The patient died of
      Candida septicemia and pneumonia 6 months after the gastrectomy. There was no
      evidence of recurrence of the tumor on autopsy. The relationship between common
      variable immunodeficiency and gastrointestinal disease is described.

PMID- 3385561
TI  - Hypertrophic gastritis in association with sepsis and death in a two-month-old
      infant.
AB  - The article reports the case of a 2-month-old infant with Menetrier's disease.
      Clinical manifestations, laboratory data, and roentgenologic diagnostics of this
      disease are presented. The child died with the clinical signs of
      cardiorespiratory insufficiency, and the diagnosis of Menetrier's disease was
      established postmortem.

PMID- 3385562
TI  - Giant colonic ulcers associated with Hirschsprung's.
AB  - Giant colonic ulcers are described in an infant with Hirschsprung's associated
      with enterocolitis.

PMID- 3385563
TI  - Correlation between changes in the concentrations of linoleate and arachidonate
      in human milk.

PMID- 3385564
TI  - Lymphoblastic response to milk proteins.

PMID- 3385565
TI  - Children's changing attitudes regarding alcohol: a cross-sectional study.

PMID- 3385567
TI  - Effects of a preventive alcohol education program after three years.

PMID- 3385566
TI  - Predisposition to drug use in rural adolescents: preliminary relationships and
      methodological considerations.

PMID- 3385568
TI  - Reasons for discontinuing hashish use in a group of Central European athletes.

PMID- 3385569
TI  - Social-cognitive skill development with sixth graders and its initial impact on
      substance use.

PMID- 3385570
TI  - Demographic variables and recreational substance use among college students.

PMID- 3385571
TI  - Information on blood alcohol concentration: evaluation of two alcohol nomograms.

PMID- 3385572
TI  - Journal of Pediatric Psychology: another stage of development.

PMID- 3385573
TI  - Assessment of depression in children with cancer.

PMID- 3385574
TI  - Training in pediatric psychology: survey results and recommendations.

PMID- 3385575
TI  - Perceived effectiveness of children's preparation for a stressful medical event.

PMID- 3385576
TI  - The psychological adjustment of enuretic children: a comparison of two types.

PMID- 3385577
TI  - A test of the immunoreactive theory of selective male affliction.

PMID- 3385578
TI  - Physiologic responses to acute psychological stress in adolescents with type 1
      diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 3385579
TI  - Depression and stress responses in parents of burned children.

PMID- 3385580
TI  - Use of tissue adhesives in the repair of lacerations in children.
AB  - During the last 5 years, over 1,500 minor lacerations in children were treated in
      the emergency room of Nahariya Regional Hospital, by the adhesive "Hystoacryl
      Blue," with gratifying results. The method, its advantages, and special
      precautions are described.

PMID- 3385581
TI  - Infantile myofibromatosis: the most common fibrous tumor of infancy.
AB  - We describe the clinical courses of four infants with infantile myofibromatosis
      (IM). This entity is a mesenchymal disorder of early infancy characterized by the
      formation of tumors in skin, muscle, viscera, bone, and subcutaneous tissues.
      Previously known as congenital generalized fibromatosis, IM was formerly thought
      to be a rare condition that was frequently fatal. The majority of the 170
      affected patients we describe have been diagnosed since 1980. Furthermore, the
      mortality rate for these patients is less than 15%. Our review includes the
      clinical manifestations, as well as histopathologic features, and discusses the
      prognosis in affected infants. We found that infants with solitary lesions or
      multiple lesions without visceral involvement generally have a benign course.
      However, in patients with the multicentric form of the disorder and visceral
      involvement, 73% have died. Because the lesions may not be easily discernible and
      most spontaneously resolve, the condition is underdiagnosed and underreported. IM
      is the most common fibrous tumor of infancy and must be considered when
      evaluating children who present with either solitary or multiple tumors,
      particularly during the neonatal period.

PMID- 3385582
TI  - Surgical correction of chondromanubrial deformity (Currarino Silverman syndrome).
AB  - Chondromanubrial (arcuate) pectus carinatum is the rarest protrusion deformity of
      the chest. Its surgical correction was first described by Ravitch in 1952. We
      have recently encountered five patients with this deformity who have provided
      additional insight into the anatomy and optimal repair of this condition. It is
      notable for a short nonsegmented sternum with marked posterior angulation at the
      site of the normal chondromanubrial junction. It is optimally corrected by
      subperichondrial resection of the second to the seventh costal cartilages with a
      broad wedge-shaped osteotomy through the anterior cortex of the sternum at the
      point of maximal angulation. Anterior displacement of the sternum is achieved by
      closing the osteotomy with heavy silk sutures while the costal cartilages are
      regenerating.

PMID- 3385583
TI  - Portopulmonary shunt by splenopneumopexy for portal hypertension in children.
AB  - Portopulmonary shunting by splenopneumopexy was successfully performed on seven
      children with portal hypertension, associated with extrahepatic portal vein
      occlusion in six and congenital hepatic fibrosis in one. Technically, this
      procedure is very simple and safely performed even in infancy. No operative
      mortality has been encountered to date. All children with portal hypertension
      treated by this portopulmonary shunt are doing very well, without any
      disturbances in their growth. Their postoperative survival ranges from 8 years
      and 9 months to 17 years and 9 months. Splenic pulp pressure was reduced to a
      postoperative mean value of 306 +/- 40.7 mmH2O from a preoperative mean value of
      402.9 +/- 35.7 mmH2O. Hemorrhages esophageal varices were completely controlled
      postoperatively. Postoperative liver function tests were essentially unchanged
      from the preoperative values.

PMID- 3385584
TI  - The contraindications for blind esophageal bouginage for coin ingestion in
      children.
AB  - Per oral bouginage of the esophagus for coin lodgement in children is a safe and
      simple mode of therapy. However, our experience with chronically ingested coins,
      multiple coins ingestion, and ingestion with preexisting esophageal pathology
      illustrate the potential hazards of such a practice. Intramural perforation,
      subacute mediastinitis, tracheoesophageal fistula, and long-term residual injury
      to the esophagus hallmark such cases. We believe that only acutely ingested
      coins, and only a single coin, can be treated safely by means of "blind"
      bouginage, provided that no preexisting esophageal disease is present.

PMID- 3385585
TI  - Hypergastrinemia in children with duodenal ulcer.
AB  - Serum gastrin concentrations were determined in 25 children with duodenal ulcer
      (DU) and 25 normal children. Fasting values were significantly higher in DU
      children (mean +/- SE = 60.4 +/- 9.7 pg/mL) than in controls (mean +/- SE = 38.0
      +/- 4.2 pg/mL; P less than .05). Integrated gastrin response to meal stimulation
      was also significantly higher in DU children (mean +/- SE = 140.5 +/- 32.4%) than
      in controls (mean +/- SE = 62.3 +/- 12.2%; P less than .05). Excessive gastrin
      activity (greater than normal mean + 2 SD), either fasting or meal-stimulated,
      occurred in 11 of 17 normal acid secretors and in two of eight hypersecretors in
      the DU group. The present findings suggest that excessive gastrin activity is a
      major factor in the pathogenesis of childhood DU. Unlike adult DU, which is
      associated with normal fasting gastrin concentrations, childhood DU manifests
      exaggerated gastrin activity both in the fasting and postprandial states.

PMID- 3385586
TI  - Idiopathic gastrointestinal perforation in the neonate.
AB  - Spontaneous localized perforation of the gastrointestinal tract, unrelated to
      mechanical intestinal obstruction and with no evidence of necrotizing
      entrocolitis (NEC), occurred in 20 neonates. Three perforations were located in
      the stomach, 11 in the small intestine, and six in the colon. Maternal obstetric
      complications as well as prematurity and postnatal distress were common in these
      patients. The overall survival rate was 80%. There was no late gastrointestinal
      symptoms in the survivors. Whether idiopathic perforation of the gastrointestinal
      tract results from a localized form of NEC or from a distinct lesion of unknown
      etiology has not yet been ascertained. Some ideas concerning the etiology of this
      entity, as well as some diagnostic aspects are discussed.

PMID- 3385587
TI  - Gastrointestinal phytobezoars in childhood.
AB  - We reviewed 33 children under the age of 15 with gastrointestinal phytobezoars.
      Twenty were boys and 13 were girls. Nearly all patients were observed in late
      fall and winter. In 22 patients, symptoms developed following ingestion of
      several ripe or dried persimmons with seeds but none had a history of unripe
      persimmon ingestion. All patients but three underwent enterotomy, gastrotomy, or
      enterotomy combined with gastrotomy for bezoar removal. The remaining three had
      small bowel resection due to strangulation. There was a single location of the
      bezoar in 85% and multiple locations in 15% at operation. Emergency laparotomy
      was performed on 25 patients who had typical mechanical intestinal obstruction
      revealed the plain abdominal films. It is not surprising that persimmon is the
      most common cause of bezoar formation in Korea, because it is a favorite fruit
      among Koreans, either in hard, soft, or dried variety.

PMID- 3385588
TI  - Dopaminergic neuroblastoma as a poor prognostic subgroup.
AB  - Clinical and biological significance of increased urinary excretion of dopamine
      in Japanese children with neuroblastoma was investigated. There was an increase
      in dopamine excretion in 19 of 29 patients (66%) and 15 of 19 in stages III and
      IV (79%). When the ratio of noradrenaline and dopamine was divided into two at
      the value of 3.5 x 10(-2), the disease-free survival rate was four of 16 (25%) in
      the low ratio group and nine of 19 (69%) in the high ratio group. In five
      patients, the urinary analysis revealed that only the level of dopamine was
      elevated before initiation of the therapy. The common features of these patients
      were as follows: (1) the age at diagnosis was 1 to 4 years; (2) all originated
      from the suprarenal region; (3) stages were advanced III or IV; and (4) the
      prognosis was poor. N-myc oncogene of the primary tumor was evident in three, and
      all were amplified to 32, 37, and 112 copies. These observations suggested that
      the immaturity of catecholamine metabolism may correlate to the poor prognosis
      and that "dopaminergic neuroblastoma" may be a clinical subentity of poor
      prognostic neuroblastoma.

PMID- 3385589
TI  - Experimental study of the maternal effects on tumor immunity of infant mice with
      C1300 mouse neuroblastoma.
AB  - The spontaneous regression of neuroblastoma (NB), one of the most common
      malignant tumors in childhood, is found to occur in 1% to 2% of patients with NB,
      especially in young infants. An unexpectedly favorable response to therapy is
      also noticed in infants suggesting the potential presence of an immune mechanism.
      Monoclonal C1300-S and C1300A-4 cell lines were established from polyclonal C1300
      cells in our laboratory. Adult female A/J mice that had rejected 1 x 10(3) NB
      cells (C1300S-3) or 1 x 10(5)-10(6) NB cells (C1300A-4) were used as immunized
      mothers. The immunized mothers with C1300A-4 or C1300S-3 were found to have
      specific antibodies to C1300S-3 cells by 51Cr release assay of complement
      dependent cytotoxicity. Newborn mice, 24 hours after birth from immunized or
      nonimmunized mothers, were inoculated with 1 x 10(3) C1300S-3 NB cells. The same
      antibody that was assayed in the immunized mothers was detected in this offspring
      by the antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC). The tumor incidence in the
      offspring of the immunized mothers was found to be less than that of the
      offspring of the nonimmunized mothers. This study suggests that the lower tumor
      incidence in the offspring of immunized mothers compared with offspring of
      nonimmunized mothers may be attributed to their ADCC activity. Furthermore, the
      antibody that has the ADCC activity was proven to be immunoglobulin G by a serum
      absorption test using IgG absorbant. This study offers insight into the
      relationship between transported mother-infant immunoglobulins and on its
      potential control of NB.

PMID- 3385590
TI  - Hypothyroidism caused by topical povidone-iodine in a newborn with omphalocele.
AB  - A case of physiologic hypothyroidism caused by the topical application of
      povidone-iodine (PVPI) in a newborn with an omphalocele is presented. The
      literature on systemic absorption and effects of PVPI is reviewed. A management
      strategy is offered.

PMID- 3385591
TI  - Papillary-follicular carcinoma arising in a thyroglossal duct cyst in a 12-year
      old child.
AB  - Carcinoma of a thyroglossal duct cyst is a rare occurrence, first reported by
      Ucherman in 1910. Less than 100 cases have been reported. most cases have been
      papillary carcinoma. We report the uncommon occurrence of a mixed papillary
      follicular carcinoma in thyroglossal duct cyst in a 12-year-old girl. The
      controversy regarding surgical management is reviewed.

PMID- 3385592
TI  - Neonatal tonsillar teratoma.
AB  - A newborn boy with a giant tonsillar teratoma or epignathus is described along
      with details of his management. This is a rare lesion and few survivors have been
      reported.

PMID- 3385593
TI  - Circular myotomy for esophageal stricture.
AB  - In this paper circular myotomy is described in the treatment of localized
      esophageal stricture, following accidental swallowing of silver nitrate. The
      stricture was 4 cm long, extending from the oropharynx to the thoracic inlet.
      After resection, establishment of esophageal continuity was only possible after
      performing circular esophageal myotomy. This procedure can be attempted before
      embarking on esophageal replacement operations.

PMID- 3385594
TI  - Jejunal intussusception: a case report and review.
AB  - Jejunal intussusception is a rare condition. In contrast to the typical case of
      ileocolic intussusception, a "lead point" is commonly found that is usually
      ectopic gastric mucosa. A review of the literature and a case report is
      presented.

PMID- 3385595
TI  - Intestinal leiomyosarcoma in childhood: report of two cases.
AB  - Two girls, 5 and 8 years old, with a leiomyosarcoma of the rectosigmoid and
      ileum, respectively, were treated at Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna. In each case,
      a segmental resection with primary anastomosis was done. After the initial
      surgery, neither girl has received further treatment for the tumor. To date the
      two patients remain clinically well and apparently tumor free.

PMID- 3385596
TI  - Acute scrotal swelling as the first evidence of intraabdominal trauma in a
      battered child.
AB  - Acute scrotal pathology often reflects intraabdominal disease. A bluish
      discoloration of the scrotum may represent blood migrating from a ruptured
      intraabdominal organ. A case of a battered child presenting with a swollen bluish
      scrotum is reviewed to draw attention to an early sign of intraperitoneal
      hemorrhage.

PMID- 3385597
TI  - Unusual complication of the Fowler-Stephens orchidopexy.
AB  - A boy who had an intraabdominal testis complicated by a large inguinal hernia is
      reported. This combination of abnormalities is unusual. Following a Fowler
      Stephens orchidopexy the child developed another inguinal hernia.

PMID- 3385598
TI  - Purulent umbilical drainage from infection of left umbilical artery associated
      with open umbilicoperitoneal communication.
AB  - This is a case report of a 20-day-old girl with persistent umbilical drainage due
      to infection of the left umbilical artery that ruptured at the base of the
      umbilicus and formed an open umbilicoperitoneal communication.

PMID- 3385599
TI  - Lung agenesis, esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula.

PMID- 3385600
TI  - Transport of furosemide into the intestinal lumen and the lack of effect of
      gastrointestinal dialysis by charcoal in rats with acute renal failure.
AB  - The characteristics of exsorption and/or excretion of furosemide into the small
      intestinal lumen in rats with acute renal failure (ARF rat) were investigated by
      an in situ single-pass perfusion technique. The amount of furosemide, which was
      exsorbed into the intestinal lumen after an intravenous administration of the
      drug to rats was only very slight. The exsorption rate of the drug was
      significantly increased in ARF rats as compared with normal rats. The average
      amount of the drug exsorbed into the perfusate in normal rats was 0.83% of dose,
      whereas that in ARF rats was 1.83% of dose. The amounts of furosemide excreted
      into the bile in normal rats and ARF rats were 1.53% and 2.64%, respectively. The
      increased exsorption of furosemide in ARF rats appeared to be due primarily to
      the decreased binding of the drug to the serum protein, because only the unbound
      drug permeates through the intestinal membrane into the gastrointestinal (g.i.)
      tract, and, to some extent, to the increased nonrenal excretion caused by poor
      renal excretion. Oral activated charcoal had little effect on the serum
      furosemide levels after intravenous administration of the drug at a dose of 10
      mg/kg in ARF rats. The lack of effect of activated charcoal on the elimination of
      the drug may be due to the small amount of the drug excreted into the g.i. tract.

PMID- 3385601
TI  - Effect of chlorpromazine on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of
      pentobarbital in rats.
AB  - The effects of chlorpromazine (4 mg/kg i.v.) on the disposition and duration of
      loss of the righting reflex (LRR, sleeping time) produced by intravenous
      pentobarbital (5 to 50 mg/kg) were studied in rats. The plasma concentration time
      profile following i.v. administration of pentobarbital alone was reasonably well
      described by a three compartment open model with Michaelis-Menten type
      elimination kinetics. The brain to plasma concentration ratio of pentobarbital
      was 1.5 and was almost constant during the experiment. Coadministration of
      chlorpromazine significantly reduced the systemic clearance of pentobarbital.
      Since pentobarbital is eliminated from the body mainly by hepatic metabolism,
      reduction of systemic clearance reflects the reduction of hepatic metabolism of
      pentobarbital. The hepatic intrinsic clearance of pentobarbital was decreased
      from 0.438 to 0.331 l/h by chlorpromazine coadministration. Hepatic blood flow
      was also decreased significantly, whereas the plasma protein binding and the
      distribution to the red blood cell were not appreciably altered. The profile of
      duration of LRR versus the logarithm of the dose of pentobarbital was linear over
      a 20 to 70 mg/kg dose range irrespective of chlorpromazine coadministration. The
      awakening plasma and brain concentrations of pentobarbital without chlorpromazine
      were estimated as 12.4 micrograms/ml and 17.8 micrograms/g, respectively. The
      sleeping time versus the logarithm of pentobarbital dose under chlorpromazine
      coadministration was shifted to the left and the slope of the linear portion was
      also decreased. There was no single value of awakening plasma or brain
      concentration. Plasma concentration at the end of the action decreased with
      decreasing dose. These facts indicated that the sensitivity of the central
      nervous system to pentobarbital might be increased by chlorpromazine. In
      conclusion, chlorpromazine inhibited the hepatic metabolism of pentobarbital,
      resulting in significant increases in plasma and brain concentrations. However,
      this pharmacokinetic change could not fully explain the pharmacodynamic
      alternation.

PMID- 3385602
TI  - Efficacy of a liposome preparation of anti-inflammatory steroid as an ocular drug
      delivery system.
AB  - The efficacy of a liposome preparation on ocular steroid availability was
      investigated by both tracer studies and investigation of in vivo steroid uptake
      by the cornea. Dexamethasone and its ester derivatives were used as model drugs
      and aqueous suspensions of each served as control preparations. The liposome
      preparation containing dexamethasone valerate provided the highest ocular drug
      levels among the examined preparations. In the case of dexamethasone or
      dexamethasone palmitate, the liposomal form provided a lower drug level in
      comparison with the suspension. High esterase activity for dexamethasone valerate
      was observed in the corneal homogenate supernatant, and most of the steroid taken
      up after instillation of dexamethasone valerate was metabolized to free alcohol.
      The corneal dexamethasone level was almost proportional to the concentration of
      free dexamethasone valerate in the liposome preparation. Only the addition of
      stearylamine (SA) to the liposomal membrane had an added extra effect on the
      corneal absorption of dexamethasone valerate.

PMID- 3385603
TI  - The pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic interaction of pentobarbital and
      chlorpromazine in rats.
AB  - The effect of chlorpromazine on the duration of loss of righting reflex (LRR,
      sleeping time) of pentobarbital and vice versa in a various dosage ranges were
      studied in rats. The logarithm of the dose versus sleeping time profile of
      pentobarbital was shifted to the left and the slope of the profile was decreased
      as the dose of chlorpromazine was increased. The logarithm of chlorpromazine dose
      versus duration of LRR during pentobarbital coadministration also showed a
      distinct dose-dependent profile. However, chlorpromazine itself showed ambiguous
      duration of LRR because the terminal point of the pharmacologic effect, i.e., the
      recovery of the righting reflex (RRR, the awakening time), was often difficult to
      determine clearly. The isobolographic method was introduced to describe the drug
      interaction of pentobarbital and chlorpromazine quantitatively. Assuming that the
      sites of action of chlorpromazine and pentobarbital were in the brain, the brain
      concentrations of pentobarbital at RRR were plotted against the brain
      concentration of chlorpromazine at RRR. The plots showed a hyperbola-like curve,
      indicating that there was a supra-additive interaction. In order to clarify the
      relationship between brain concentrations of the two drugs at RRR, a theoretical
      consideration was made under the following assumptions: (1) chlorpromazine and
      pentobarbital have a common central depressant effect, (2) the concentration
      effect relationship is described by Hill's equation and (3) the mode of
      interaction of these drugs is simple additive. The results indicated that the
      isobolographic plot of pentobarbital and chlorpromazine was reasonably described
      by the theory and that chlorpromazine enhanced the effect of pentobarbital at
      least in an additive manner.

PMID- 3385604
TI  - Further studies on the hydrolysis of salicyluric acid in intestinal
      microorganisms and prolonged blood concentration of salicylic acid following
      rectal administration of salicyluric acid in rabbits.
AB  - The blood concentrations of salicyluric acid and salicylic acid following
      intracecal and rectal administration of salicyluric acid were determined in
      rabbits. Immediate and very extensive salicylic acid formation in the cecum was
      found following intracecal administration. After rectal administration, a small
      amount of salicyluric acid was absorbed in intact form. The rest was rapidly
      hydrolyzed to salicylic acid, which was subsequently absorbed. The blood
      concentration of salicylic acid was maintained at 1.3-1.8 micrograms/ml from 2 to
      12 h. Three doses of salicyluric acid were administered rectally. The peak level
      of salicyluric acid increased with dose. However, salicylic acid concentration in
      the blood following administration of salicyluric acid at 10.0 mg/kg (salicylic
      acid equivalent) was not double that observed following administration of
      salicyluric acid at 5.0 mg/kg (salicylic acid equivalent). It appears that a
      larger amount of salicyluric acid in the rectal lumen may have saturated the
      glycine deconjugation system.

PMID- 3385605
TI  - Antitumor activity of polygalactosamine isolated from Paecilomyces sp. I-1
      strain.
AB  - The inhibitory effect of polygalactosamine (PF102), which was isolated from
      Paecilomyces sp. I-1 strain, on a syngeneic murine solid tumor and its antitumor
      mechanism were studied. After an intravenous injection of PF102, 1 microgram/kg,
      an increase in cell mediated and humoral immunities in mice was observed and the
      growth inhibition of MM46 solid tumor in vivo was also evident. Macrophages
      induced by PF102 into the peritoneal cavity inhibited deoxyribonucleic acid
      synthesis of target cells. Moreover, PF102 caused a significant increase in the
      incorporation of 3H-thymidine into the thymic cells and the culture supernatant
      of T lymphocytes, stimulated with PF102, exhibited a marked activation of the
      cytostatic effect of the peritoneal macrophages. Furthermore, this culture
      supernatant fluid was found to contain interferon (IFN). Therefore, the antitumor
      activity of PF102 might be due in part to the activation of the macrophage
      lineage cells by macrophage activating factor and/or IFN produced from T
      lymphocytes stimulated by PF102.

PMID- 3385606
TI  - Studies on the nephrotoxicity of aminoglycoside antibiotics and protection from
      these effects. (5). Interaction of tobramycin with latamoxef in vitro.
AB  - Interaction of tobramycin (TOB) with latamoxef (LMOX) was studied in vitro.
      Solutions containing TOB alone, LMOX alone or both of these compounds in varying
      molar ratios (TOB:LMOX = 1:1, 1:2, 1:4 and 2:1) were incubated at 37 degrees C
      for 0.5, 1, 3 and 5 h after adjusting to pH 7.4. Aliquots sampled at a suitable
      time were subjected to paper electrophoresis (PE) and thin layer chromatography
      (TLC). In PE, the spots of TOB and LMOX were observed as single spots on the
      cathode and anode sides, respectively. However, the spot associated with TOB
      overlapped with that associated with LMOX on the cathode side when aliquots of
      the solution containing both TOB and LMOX were analyzed. It seemed that the
      degree of overlapping became stronger with an increase in incubation time, and
      there were no spots corresponding to TOB alone in the mixture of TOB-LMOX (1:4).
      TLC analysis showed that the spot of LMOX radiated fluorescence with Rf value
      0.38. On the other hand, in the mixtures, there was a definite decrease in
      fluorescence of LMOX at the position of Rf value 0.38, compared with that of LMOX
      alone. Furthermore, the spot associated with LMOX, which overlapped with that
      associated with TOB, also appeared at the origin on the TLC plate. The
      ultraviolet spectrum of the mixture of TOB-LMOX (1:2) showed a decrease in the
      intensity of absorption of LMOX at 268 nm. These interactions between TOB and
      LMOX were also observed in rat serum and its filtrate in vitro.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3385607
TI  - [Studies on antithrombogenicity of urokinase immobilized polymer].

PMID- 3385608
TI  - [Antiviral and antibacterial activities of 3-(substituted benzenesulfonylamino)
      5,6-di(p-substituted phenyl)-1,2,4-triazines].

PMID- 3385609
TI  - [Determination of dihydroergotoxine in plasma by radioimmunoassay using specific
      antisera].

PMID- 3385610
TI  - [Effect of various drugs on the in vitro metabolic reduction of acetohexamide].

PMID- 3385611
TI  - [A hypotensive constituent in hot water extracts of green tea].

PMID- 3385612
TI  - Autologous bone grafting in podiatric surgery.

PMID- 3385613
TI  - Verrucous squamous cell carcinoma of the foot. A Report of five cases.

PMID- 3385614
TI  - The role of injectable collagen in the prevention of recurrent diabetic ulcers.

PMID- 3385615
TI  - Podiatric implications of neurodermatitis.

PMID- 3385616
TI  - Aeromonas hydrophila cellulitis. A case report.

PMID- 3385617
TI  - Cowden's syndrome. A case report.

PMID- 3385618
TI  - Chaotic appliance terminology.

PMID- 3385619
TI  - The use of formative evaluation methods in the development of patient/family
      educational materials.

PMID- 3385620
TI  - Responding to the information needs of young people whose parents or siblings
      have cancer: a description of a National Cancer Institute booklet.

PMID- 3385621
TI  - The achievement of excellence in cancer nursing practice.

PMID- 3385622
TI  - New Practitioner Workshop.

PMID- 3385623
TI  - Innovative therapies: biological response modifiers.

PMID- 3385624
TI  - A survey of neutropenia and thrombocytopenia precautions.

PMID- 3385626
TI  - Neuroblastoma update: prognostic factors.

PMID- 3385625
TI  - Predictors of length of home and hospital stay, types of services received, cost
      and family response in an established pediatric hospice program.

PMID- 3385627
TI  - The assessment of pain related to invasive procedures in Anglo and Hispanic
      children with cancer.

PMID- 3385629
TI  - Chromosomal abnormalities in pediatric malignancies.

PMID- 3385628
TI  - Successful strategies for organizing and maintaining support groups.

PMID- 3385630
TI  - School re-entry programs.

PMID- 3385631
TI  - Use of art and play therapy in pediatric oncology.

PMID- 3385632
TI  - Camps for children with cancer.

PMID- 3385634
TI  - Stop and smell the roses along the way.

PMID- 3385633
TI  - Informed consent with children.

PMID- 3385635
TI  - ICI 169,369 is both a competitive antagonist and an allosteric activator of the
      arterial 5-hydroxytryptamine2 receptor system.
AB  - The mode of action of ICI 169,369, a novel 5-hydroxytryptamine2 (5-HT2) receptor
      antagonist, was investigated in arterial muscle. Isolated preparations from calf
      coronary artery and from rat tail artery with the endothelium rubbed off were set
      up to contract isometrically with 5-HT. ICI 169,369 (1-3000 nM) antagonized
      surmountably and competitively the contractile effects of 5-HT in coronary artery
      (pKB, 9.1) and tail artery (pKB, 8.8). Methysergide antagonized unsurmountably 5
      HT-induced contractions by reducing maximum effects to 25% (coronary artery:
      pIC50, 9.8) and 60% (tail artery: pIC80, 9.0). ICI 169,369 (100-300 nM) restored
      the maximum effects of 5-HT that had been depressed by methysergide (20 nM
      coronary artery, 100 nM tail artery). Preincubation with ICI 169,369 also
      prevented the methysergide-induced depression of the maximum effects of 5-HT. The
      protective effect of ICI 169,369 was overcome by high methysergide concentrations
      (up to 3 microM), suggesting competition between the two drugs for a common site.
      The data are consistent with an allosterically modulated interconversion of the 5
      HT2 receptor between two states (R in equilibrium R'). ICI 169,369 competes with
      5-HT for the 5-HT2 receptor. ICI 169,369 and methysergide also compete for an
      allosteric site of the 5-HT2 receptor system, thereby facilitating the highly
      active R-state and low active R'-state, respectively.

PMID- 3385636
TI  - Adverse pregnancy outcome in the monkey (Macaca fascicularis) after chronic
      caffeine exposure.
AB  - Caffeine and the related methylxanthine theophylline are consumed regularly by
      pregnant women. In a study originally designed to assess the neurotoxic potential
      of caffeine in the infant, 40 female monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were divided
      into three groups and administered caffeine in their drinking water at
      concentrations equivalent to 0, 10 to 15 or 25 to 35 mg/kg/day of caffeine 7 days
      a week. After a period of adaptation to caffeine these monkeys were mated with
      untreated males. Reproductive failure in the form of stillbirths and miscarriages
      was observed in the treated groups. Subsequently, 12 control monkeys and 1 low
      dose monkey were added to the study and most of the original monkeys rebred. The
      second round of pregnancies confirmed that the treated monkeys had an increased
      rate of stillbirths and miscarriages. The precise cause of death of the stillborn
      infants could not be determined. Maternal weight gain and infant birth weights
      decreased in a dose-related manner. These results indicate that in utero exposure
      to methylxanthines (caffeine and/or its major metabolite theophylline) adversely
      affects pregnancy outcome in the monkey.

PMID- 3385637
TI  - The mitochondrial respiratory toxicity of cephalosporin antibiotics. An
      inhibitory effect on substrate uptake.
AB  - Cephalosporin antibiotics can produce renal cortical mitochondrial respiratory
      toxicity after either in vitro or in vivo exposure. In vitro toxicity is
      immediate, nonselective among toxic and nontoxic cephalosporins and reversed by
      substrate excess. In vivo toxicity is delayed, specific to the nephrotoxic
      cephalosporins and not reversible. Both routes of exposure affect respiration
      with succinate (S) more than with glutamate plus malate as substrates. Because
      glutamate and malate gain access to the intramitochondrial electron transport
      chain proximal to S, this pattern suggests that the cephalosporins affect a
      mitochondrial function outside the respiratory chain. A model of respiratory
      toxicity incorporating all of these features proposes that all cephalosporins can
      fit the affected transporters for mitochondrial substrate uptake, but, in the
      intact kidney, this causes limited or transient respiratory inhibition with
      nontoxic cephalosporins; in vivo toxicity, which is seen after later isolation
      and washing of mitochondria exposed in situ, develops with the more sequestered
      and reactive (nephrotoxic) cephalosporins that acylate these transporters. As a
      test of this hypothesis, studies were done, using the method of sieve filtration,
      to evaluate the effects of in vivo and in vitro exposure to cephaloglycin (toxic)
      and cephalexin (nontoxic) on the uptake of S and ADP by rabbit renal cortical
      mitochondria. In vivo and in vitro exposure to cephaloglycin reduced the net
      uptake of S by 70% and had a considerably smaller and less consistent effect on
      ADP uptake; cephalexin inhibited S uptake only with in vitro exposure. The rate
      of S washout from cephaloglycin-intoxicated mitochondria was no greater than from
      controls, ruling out increased efflux as a cause of decreased net
      uptake.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3385638
TI  - Amphetamine injection into the ventral mesencephalon sensitizes rats to
      peripheral amphetamine and cocaine.
AB  - The daily administration of indirect dopamine agonists, including amphetamine and
      cocaine, results in a progressive increase in the behavioral stimulant effect of
      these drugs. Behavioral augmentation also has been shown with opioids such as
      morphine, and it is known that a stimulant action on dopaminergic perikarya in
      the ventromedial mesencephalon is critical to the development of behavioral
      sensitization to morphine. To determine if amphetamine-induced behavioral
      sensitization might also involve the mesencephalic dopamine neurons, amphetamine
      was microinjected daily for 2 days into regions of the rat brain containing
      dopamine cell bodies (A10 and A9 dopamine regions), or dopamine terminals
      (nucleus accumbens and striatum), and 6 days later amphetamine was given
      peripherally. It was found that daily amphetamine injection into the A10 or A9
      dopamine region, but not into the dopamine terminal fields, significantly
      potentiated the motor stimulant effect of peripherally administered amphetamine.
      The behavioral sensitization produced by intracranial injection of amphetamine
      was found to be dose-dependent. Intra-A10 injection of amphetamine also was found
      to potentiate the motor stimulant effect of peripheral cocaine. These data
      indicate that an action by amphetamine in the A10 and A9 dopamine regions may
      play a critical role in the development of behavioral sensitization.

PMID- 3385639
TI  - Metabolic basis for a drug hypersensitivity: antibodies in sera from patients
      with halothane hepatitis recognize liver neoantigens that contain the
      trifluoroacetyl group derived from halothane.
AB  - Previous studies have demonstrated that antibodies in sera from patients with
      halothane hepatitis recognize halothane-induced liver microsomal polypeptide
      neoantigens, and have suggested that these antibodies may play a role in the
      pathogenesis of the hepatitis. In the present study, the mechanism of neoantigen
      generation was investigated. Liver microsomes from rats treated in vivo with
      halothane or deuterated halothane were tested by immunoblotting for reactivity
      with patients' sera and with an antiserum specific for the covalently bound
      trifluoroacetyl (TFA) halide metabolite of halothane. Rat liver microsomes
      incubated aerobically or anaerobically with halothane or deuterated halothane in
      vitro, +/- NADPH and/or NADH, were also analyzed. The results obtained
      demonstrate that neoantigen expression involves oxidative halothane metabolism by
      cytochromes P-450 to TFA halide and covalent binding of the TFA group to the
      proteins. Incubation of microsomes from halothane-treated rats with 1 M
      piperidine cleaved the TFA groups from the proteins and abolished antigenicity,
      confirming this conclusion. Recognition of the neoantigens by the patients'
      antibodies was inhibited only partially using the hapten derivative N-E-TFA-L
      lysine. It appears that the patients' antibodies recognize epitopes consisting of
      the TFA group plus associated structural features of the protein carriers (100
      kDa, 76 kDa, 59 kDa, 57 kDa and 54 kDa), not the TFA hapten alone. To our
      knowledge, this constitutes the first characterization of drug metabolite-tissue
      protein neoantigens implicated in a drug hypersensitivity. The approach described
      may be of general utility for characterization of drug-induced neoantigens
      associated with other drug hypersensitivities.

PMID- 3385640
TI  - Mechanism of action of minoxidil sulfate-induced vasodilation: a role for
      increased K+ permeability.
AB  - The mechanism of smooth muscle relaxing effect of minoxidil sulfate (MxSO4) was
      investigated in isolated rabbit superior mesenteric artery. MxSO4 (5 X 10(-6) M)
      was found to effectively relax maximal norepinephrine (NE; at 5 X 10(-6) M)
      contraction, but failed to relax 80 mM K+-induced contraction. MxSO4-induced
      relaxation was endothelium independent. When the tissues were exposed to
      increased extracellular K+ (10-25 mM), and then contracted with NE, the
      relaxation response to MxSO4 was significantly attenuated. Tetraethylammonium (5
      10 mM) pretreatment caused pronounced inhibition of MxSO4-induced relaxation.
      Pretreatment with ouabain (0.5-5 microM) also significantly inhibited MxSO4
      relaxation. This effect of ouabain was found to be due to its effect on K+
      gradient. These data suggested a role of K+ permeability during MxSO4 relaxation
      which was further confirmed when it was found that MxSO4 can cause a significant
      stimulation of 42K efflux from the mesenteric artery preloaded with 42K. It is
      suggested that MxSO4 may act as a K+ channel agonist to affect the plasmalemmal
      Ca++ permeability during agonist activation. Consistent with this, MxSO4 was
      demonstrated to cause an inhibition of NE-stimulated 45Ca influx in this tissue.
      Such a strong dependence on K+ permeability makes MxSO4 a unique vasodilator
      among the clinically used vasodilators.

PMID- 3385642
TI  - Nonlinear pharmacokinetics of aspirin in rats.
AB  - Rats are frequently used as an animal model for studies of the antithrombotic
      action of aspirin. The purpose of this investigation was to explore factors that
      influence the systemic exposure to unhydrolyzed aspirin after oral and systemic
      administration of the drug to adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. The experiments
      were performed according to a crossover design, and drug concentration
      measurements were made on whole blood. Intravenous injection and oral
      administration of aspirin (200 mg/kg) showed that the drug is eliminated rapidly
      (total clearance approximately 45 ml/min/kg; half-life approximately 8 min), that
      only about one-fourth of the dose is absorbed intact, and that the systemic
      availability of the oral dose is highly variable (coefficient of variation
      approximately 60%). A 40 mg/kg i.v. dose was cleared almost twice as rapidly as a
      200 mg/kg i.v. dose. Injection of salicylic acid to yield concentrations similar
      to those obtained after injection of the large dose of aspirin (approximately 400
      mg/l) reduced the total clearance of a 40 mg/kg i.v. dose of aspirin by about one
      third, suggesting product inhibition of ester hydrolysis. The systemic
      availability of aspirin infused into the portal circulation was about 80% over a
      wide range of infusion rates, showing that presystemic hydrolysis of the drug
      occurs mainly in the gut. As in humans, absorption of orally administered aspirin
      affects the exponential decline of aspirin concentrations in blood, resulting in
      an apparent half-life substantially longer than the actual biologic half-life of
      the drug after i.v. injection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3385641
TI  - Sustained high release at rapid stimulation rates and reduced functional
      autoreceptors characterize prefrontal cortex dopamine terminals.
AB  - The release of dopamine (DA) from mesocortical and nigrostriatal nerve terminal
      fields, as well as its modulation by auto- and heteroreceptors was investigated.
      Rabbit brain slices obtained from medial prefrontal cortex (PFC) and nucleus
      caudate (striatum) were prelabeled with [3H]DA in the presence of 0.3 microM
      desipramine. Neuronal depolarization was elicited by electrical stimulation.
      Higher stimulation-evoked overflow of [3H]DA (release) was observed from PFC than
      from striatal slices. At 0.3 Hz (120 pulses) release from the PFC was 60% higher
      than from the striatum, and at higher frequencies (10 Hz and 120 or 1200 pulses)
      the fraction of tissue radioactivity released from the PFC was 550% greater than
      that released from the striatum. These differences were not eliminated by
      blockade of autoreceptors with haloperidol, or by inhibition of neuronal uptake
      with nomifensine. These results suggest that the coupling between neuronal
      depolarization and DA release is more efficient in the PFC than in the striatum.
      This may allow the PFC terminals to sustain neurotransmission under continuous
      fast firing. Selective D2 agonists, as well as nonselective DA agonists,
      inhibited DA release in a concentration-dependent fashion from the PFC and the
      striatum. Their effects were blocked by l-sulpiride or haloperidol. SKF 38393, a
      selective D1 agonist, produced a small facilitation of release from both regions;
      its effects were blocked by SCH 23390 (a selective D1 antagonist). The latter was
      ineffective on its own. The maximal degree of inhibition of release produced by
      apomorphine, bromocriptine and LY-171555 was lower in the PFC than in the
      striatum; these differences were accentuated greatly at high stimulation rates.
      When the slices were stimulated at frequencies comparable to the "in vivo" firing
      rates for each neuronal group, apomorphine and LY-171555 were much weaker in
      inhibiting DA release from the PFC (10 Hz) than from the striatum (3 Hz). In the
      striatum, strong modulation of DA release by endogenous DA was observed; whereas
      little modulation was seen in the PFC. Nomifensine produced larger increases in
      the stimulation-evoked overflow of DA from PFC and there was no synergistic
      interaction between nomifensine and haloperidol in this structure. In the
      striatum, marked facilitation of DA overflow was observed when nomifensine and
      haloperidol were given together. Furthermore, haloperidol per se facilitated DA
      release from both brain regions; however, the degree of facilitation was
      frequency dependent in the striatum, but not in the PFC.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      400 WORDS)

PMID- 3385643
TI  - Brain uptake of benzodiazepines: effects of lipophilicity and plasma protein
      binding.
AB  - The rapid intracarotid injection technique was used to determine the
      unidirectional brain uptake of a number of benzodiazepines in the rat. The drugs
      varied considerably in their lipophilicity and, within the series oxazepam,
      lorazepam, chlordiazepoxide, desmethyldiazepam and diazepam, brain extraction of
      unbound moiety was enhanced as the octanol-water (pH = 7.4) partition coefficient
      increased. However, with flunitrazepam and midazolam, two fluorine-containing
      benzodiazepines, extraction was more and less extensive, respectively, than
      predicted from their lipophilicities. Importantly, the uptake findings were
      consistent with the characteristic onsets of central effects of the drugs
      established clinically in humans. The effects of reversible protein binding on
      uptake also were investigated by the addition of albumin (0-8 g.dl-1) to the
      injectate. This affected markedly the unbound fraction, determined in vitro by
      equilibrium dialysis, and also the brain uptake of all drugs. As the unbound
      fraction was reduced, the unidirectional brain extraction ratio decreased in a
      curvilinear fashion toward zero. However, attempts to describe the data were
      unsuccessful using a conventional model based on transcapillary uptake of only
      unbound drug whose binding kinetics with albumin were assumed to be the same as
      those indicated by equilibrium dialysis. The observed brain extraction was
      greater than predicted, and the discrepancy became more apparent as binding and
      albumin concentration increased. The data for all of the benzodiazepines could be
      fitted, however, if the equilibrium association constant was assumed to be
      smaller in vivo than in vitro, so that the effective unbound fraction in the
      brain capillaries was substantially higher (5- to 25-fold, dependent on the
      particular drug) than that estimated in vitro.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3385644
TI  - Oxidative metabolism of hexobarbital in human liver: relationship to polymorphic
      S-mephenytoin 4-hydroxylation.
AB  - The major route of hexobarbital metabolism in humans involves hydroxylation at
      the 3'-position followed by oxidation to a 3'-keto metabolite. Studies were
      performed to characterize the form of cytochrome P-450 responsible for the
      initial oxidation. In vitro studies indicated that P-450MP purified from human
      livers, involved in the 4-hydroxylation of S-mephenytoin, efficiently catalyzed
      the 3'-hydroxylation of hexobarbital; moreover, polyclonal antibodies raised to
      this enzyme extensively inhibited such activity in human liver microsomes. S
      Mephenytoin 4- and hexobarbital 3'-hydroxylase activities in microsomes from
      different livers were significantly correlated, and both activities were
      essentially absent in fetal liver preparations. Hexobarbital was also found to
      inhibit S-mephenytoin 4-hydroxylation and vice versa, with Ki values similar to
      the Km values for the measured pathways. These data suggested that in vivo
      metabolism of hexobarbital would be determined by the same genetic factor(s)
      responsible for polymorphic 4-hydroxylation of S-mephenytoin. This prediction was
      confirmed by the finding that, after oral administration of a single dose of
      hexobarbital (300 mg), the 24-hr urinary excretion of 3'-hydroxy- and 3'
      ketohexobarbital in a "poor-metabolizer" was only one third of that in a subject
      of the "extensive-metabolizer" phenotype. Also, the plasma level of metabolites
      at 6 hr after administration was reduced, and that of unchanged drug was
      increased in the poor metabolizer. Finally, a markedly enhanced sedative effect
      was associated with the impaired metabolism. Accordingly, several lines of in
      vitro evidence indicate that hexobarbital 3'-hydroxylation is catalyzed by P
      450MP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3385645
TI  - Effects of the novel dopamine beta-hydroxylase inhibitor SK&F 102698 on
      catecholamines and blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
AB  - The novel dopamine beta-hydroxylase (D beta H) inhibitor SK&F 102698 was
      characterized in vitro with soluble enzyme from bovine adrenal medulla and in
      vivo by measuring the dopamine/norepinephrine (DA/NE) ratio in the mesenteric
      artery, heart and brains of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). SK&F 102698
      was a potent D beta H inhibitor with an IC50 of 1.2 microM on crude enzyme and
      had a Ki value of 40 nM on purified enzyme. SK&F 102698 produced a dose-dependent
      fall in NE and a dose-dependent increase in DA in the vasculature of SHR after
      p.o. administration. Elevation of the vascular DA/NE ratio was observed within
      0.5 hr after administration. Peak effects were observed at 12 hr and values were
      still significantly increased at 18 hr. The rise in the DA/NE ratio of the blood
      vessels correlated with the fall in blood pressure following the first 4 hr after
      SK&F 102698. SK&F 102698 inhibited SHR heart D beta H and elevated the myocardial
      DA/NE ratio approximately 2.4-fold. SK&F 102698 also caused a dose-dependent
      increase in the whole brain DA/NE ratio of SHR. Catecholamine levels were also
      studied in six discrete brain regions and SK&F 102698 produced the greatest
      increase in the DA/NE ratio in the cerebellum, brain stem and midbrain regions,
      whereas the striatum was the region least affected. No overt sedation was
      observed in the rats. Further study with SK&F 102698 is warranted to better
      explore the role of DA and D beta H in pathophysiology, and to determine whether
      this drug or a congener D beta H inhibitor will be a useful therapeutic agent in
      humans.

PMID- 3385646
TI  - Morphine pellet-induced immunomodulation in mice: temporal relationships.
AB  - Morphine, an alkaloid known for its potent analgetic action, also affects a
      variety of immunologic functions. In the experiments reported here, the time
      course for the effect of 75-mg morphine pellet implants on spleen and thymus size
      and cellularity and in vitro proliferative responses of lymphocytes from male
      C3H/HeN mice is described. T lymphocyte proliferation in response to concanavalin
      A (Con A) was not significantly affected at 6 or 24 hr after morphine pellet
      implantation but was reduced at 48 and 72 hr. B lymphocyte proliferation in
      response to lipopolysaccharide was more sensitive to morphinization, as the
      response was reduced at the 24, 48 and 72 hr intervals after implantation of the
      morphine pellet. No differences in Con A- or lipopolysaccharide-induced
      proliferation were observed 96 hr after pellet implantation. Interestingly, a
      slight elevation of Con A-induced proliferation was observed 120 hr after
      morphine pellet implantation. By contrast with Con A proliferative data,
      lipopolysaccharide-induced proliferation of lymphocytes from morphine-treated
      mice was not different from placebo-pelleted mice at 120 hr. A marked atrophy of
      the spleen and thymus accompanied the reduced splenocyte proliferative responses
      of morphine-treated mice and was greatest at the 48 to 72 hr postimplantation
      interval. The attenuation of mitogen-induced proliferative responses and atrophy
      of immune organs was accompanied by hypothermia and a marked tolerance to the
      antinociceptive effect of morphine in morphine-pelleted mice at all of the time
      points that were monitored.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3385647
TI  - Comparison of uptake of dopamine in rat striatal chopped tissue and synaptosomes.
AB  - Uptake of dopamine (DA) by chopped tissue prepared from rat corpus striatum has
      been examined to determine whether one or two kinetically distinct uptake sites
      exist. Two methods were used: direct measurement of accumulated [3H]DA and
      determination of the rate of formation of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC)
      after exposure to DA. The rate of formation of DOPAC in the latter experiments is
      a direct function of the rate of DA uptake. The rates of [3H]DA uptake and DOPAC
      formation are both linear with time in the presence of 10 microM substrate.
      Studies of [3H]DA accumulation into chopped tissue reveal two apparent components
      with Km values of 160 nM and 3.8 microM, whereas similar experiments with
      striatal homogenate or synaptosomes yield a single uptake component with a Km
      equivalent to the lower value found in chopped tissue. Evaluation of DA uptake
      via the rate of DOPAC formation gave a Km value of 2.3 microM. (High substrate
      values were used, so a lower value for Km is not apparent in the data.) The high
      Km-value component was absent in animals with a lesioned striatum induced by
      prior nigral injections of 6-hydroxydopamine. Several pharmacologic agents
      (benztropine, amfonelic acid, bupropion, nomifensine and ouabain) were evaluated.
      All reduced the uptake of DA in chopped tissue, but with reduced potencies
      compared with the effect of these agents in synaptosomes. The high Km activity in
      chopped tissue, as well as the apparent reduced potency of uptake inhibitor,
      appears to arise from the diffusional barrier present inside more intact tissue.
      This barrier is not present in homogenates or synaptosomes, and, thus, a single
      uptake process is seen.

PMID- 3385648
TI  - Drug metabolite toxicity assessed in human lymphocytes with a purified,
      reconstituted cytochrome P-450 system.
AB  - Evaluation of idiosyncratic drug reactions in predisposed individuals is limited
      by ethical concerns arising from rechallenge with the suspected offending agent.
      A previously developed in vitro method using human lymphocytes and a murine
      microsomal drug metabolizing system has been used to examine toxicity due to
      acetaminophen (APAP), sulfonamide antibiotics and aromatic anticonvulsants. An
      improved method is described in which toxic APAP metabolites are generated by a
      purified and reconstituted cytochrome P-450 system, minimizing the amount of
      exogenous detoxification enzymes in the assay. Toxicity is assessed by an
      objective, automated method based on the reduction of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2
      yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide to an insoluble purple formazan by the
      mitochondria of viable cells and correlates with that based on trypan blue
      exclusion. Toxicity required cytochrome P-450 and NADPH, and was inhibited by SKF
      525A. Exogenous glutathione also decreased toxicity in a concentration-dependent
      manner. Lymphocytes from a glutathione synthetase-deficient patient exhibited
      markedly enhanced toxicity to APAP exceeding the 95% CL of 10 control subjects
      over a concentration range of 10 to 1000 micrograms/ml. The data are consistent
      with the generation of cytochrome P-450-dependent reactive metabolites which
      subsequently can be detoxified by glutathione. This method allows one to address
      specifically individual differences in detoxification pathways. The use of an
      automated assessment of cell viability may prove useful in preclinical screening
      of new compounds for their propensity to cause "idiosyncratic" drug reactions in
      a predisposed population.

PMID- 3385649
TI  - Pharmacokinetic patterns of repeated administration of antidepressants in
      animals. I. Implications for antinociceptive action of clomipramine in mice.
AB  - The pattern of repeated administration of antidepressants in animals varies from
      one study to another, making comparison of results difficult. We propose a means
      of standardizing the pattern of administration for any particular animal, based
      on a pharmacokinetic study of the antidepressant [here clomipramine (CMI)] in
      that animal. The plasma half-life (127 min) in the Swiss CD1 mouse was used as a
      basis for chronic administration, which was strictly every half-life as in
      clinical use. Daily administration is thus merely repeated acute administration.
      The antinociceptive action of CMI was compared under four sets of conditions of
      injection: single, chronic, daily and closely repeated (every 40 min). The
      antinociceptive effect obtained after an acute injection of CMI (10 or 20 mg/kg
      i.p.) was increased 2-fold after five chronic injections. Closely repeated
      injections gave a more marked effect than chronic administration, and daily
      administration was ineffective. The time course of the antinociceptive action
      correlated with that of blood and brain levels of CMI and its monodemethylated
      derivative. The enhancement of the antinociceptive action observed after chronic
      and closely repeated administration was shown not to be due to any modification
      of motor activity. It was suppressed by naloxone. Comparison with results
      reported in the literature shows the benefit of using a well-defined pattern of
      administration.

PMID- 3385650
TI  - Lupus nephritis--a clinicopathological study of 78 cases.

PMID- 3385651
TI  - Urinary tract infection due to coagulase negative staphylococci.

PMID- 3385652
TI  - Therapeutic efficacy and tolerability of cefotaxime--a study of acute respiratory
      infections in chronic lung conditions.

PMID- 3385653
TI  - A study of thirty cases of aphakic retinal detachment (a plea for correction of
      vision in unilateral aphakics).

PMID- 3385654
TI  - A study of phaeochromocytoma (report of six cases).

PMID- 3385655
TI  - Assessment of immunotherapy with specific depot vaccine in bronchial asthma.

PMID- 3385656
TI  - Arthrolysis of elbow by collateral approach.

PMID- 3385657
TI  - Ear bleeding as the initial presentation of an internal carotid artery aneurysm
      (a case report).

PMID- 3385658
TI  - Hydatid cyst of the orbit (a case report).

PMID- 3385659
TI  - Total renal infarct and peri-renal abscess caused by phycomycosis (a case
      report).

PMID- 3385660
TI  - Gastric carcinoid: a rare malignant tumour of the stomach (a case report).

PMID- 3385661
TI  - Acute calcific deposits in dorsal spine causing myelopathy (a case report).

PMID- 3385662
TI  - Rupture of rudimentary horn pregnancy (a case report).

PMID- 3385663
TI  - Tuberculous endometritis--a histopathological study.

PMID- 3385664
TI  - Directional hearing in the barn owl (Tyto alba).
AB  - The acoustical properties of the external ear of the barn owl (Tyto alba) were
      studied by measuring sound pressure in the ear canal and outer ear cavity. Under
      normal conditions, pressure amplification by the external ear reaches about 20 dB
      between 3-9 kHz but decreases sharply above 10 kHz. The acoustic gain curve of
      the outer ear cavity alone is close to that of a finite-length exponential horn
      between 1.2-13 kHz with maximum gain reaching 20 dB between 5-9 kHz. Pressure
      gain by the facial ruff produces a maximum of 12 dB between 5-8 kHz and decreases
      rapidly above 9 kHz. The directional sensitivity of the external ear was obtained
      from pressure measurements in the ear canal. Directivity of the major lobe is
      explained, to a first approximation, by the sound diffraction properties of a
      circular aperture. Aperture size is based on the average radius (30 mm) of the
      open face of the ruff. Above 5 kHz, the external ear becomes highly directional
      and there is a 26 degree disparity in elevation between the acoustic axis of the
      left and right ear. In azimuth, directivity patterns are relocated closer to the
      midline as frequency increases and the acoustic axis moves at a rate of 20
      degree/octave between 2-13 kHz. Movement of the axis can be explained, to a first
      approximation, by the acoustical diffraction properties of an obliquely truncated
      horn, due to the asymmetrical shape of the outer ear cavity. The directional
      sensitivity of the barn owl ear was studied by recording cochlear microphonic
      (CM) potentials from the round window membrane. Between 3-9 kHz, CM directivity
      patterns are clearly different to the directivity patterns of the external ear;
      CM directionality is abruptly lost above 10 kHz. Above 5 kHz, CM directivity
      patterns are characterized by an elongated major lobe containing the CM axis,
      forming a tilted band of high amplitude but low directionality (CM axial plane),
      closely bordered by minima or nulls. The highest directionality is found in the
      CM directional plane, approximately perpendicular to the CM axial plane. The left
      and right ear axial planes are symmetrical about the interaural midline (tilted
      12 degrees to the right of the midline of the head) and inclined by an average of
      60 degrees to the left and right respectively. In azimuth, the CM axis moves
      towards the midline at a rate of 37 degrees/octave as frequency increases from 2
      9 kHz, crossing into contralateral space near 7 kHz.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400
      WORDS)

PMID- 3385665
TI  - Ascending auditory interneurons in the cricket Teleogryllus commodus (Walker):
      comparative physiology and direct connections with afferents.
AB  - Ascending auditory interneurons of the cricket, Teleogryllus commodus (Walker),
      were investigated using simultaneous intracellular and extracellular recording in
      order to identify units which had previously been characterized only by
      extracellular recording. The morphology and physiology of the large adapting unit
      (LAU: Fig. 1) and of the small tonic unit (STU: Fig. 2) of Teleogryllus
      correspond well to those of the ascending neuron 2 (AN2) and the ascending neuron
      1 (AN1) of Gryllus (Figs. 1, 2), respectively. A summary of the ascending
      auditory interneurons described by various authors in 5 species of crickets is
      presented in order to establish common identities. Physiological evidence for
      direct connections between auditory afferents and the ascending auditory
      interneurons AN1 (STU) and AN2 (LAU) is presented. Simultaneous intracellular
      recordings from receptors and interneurons in response to sound as well as the
      activity of auditory interneurons upon electrical stimulation of the tympanal
      nerve reveal short and constant latencies of receptor-evoked synaptic activity in
      AN1 (STU) and AN2 (LAU).

PMID- 3385666
TI  - The retrieval of visuo-spatial memories by honeybees.
AB  - In order to explore how honeybees manage to retrieve the right landmark-memory in
      the right place, we trained bees along a short foraging route which consisted of
      two identical huts 33 m apart. Bees entered each hut to collect a drop of sucrose
      on the floor. The location of the drop was defined by the same arrangement of
      four blue and yellow cylindrical landmarks. However, in one hut the drop was
      between two yellow cylinders and in two other it was to the east of the blue
      cylinders. On tests with the sucrose missing, bees tended to search in the
      appropriate area in each hut (Fig. 1), thus showing that they used cues other
      than the sight of the local landmarks to select the appropriate memory. In a
      second experiment, the position of the sucrose was specified by yellow cylinders
      in one hut and by blue triangles in the other. When the arrays were swapped
      between huts, bees searched in the position specified by the array they
      encountered (Fig. 2). Thus, memories can be triggered by visual features of local
      landmarks. Bees were also trained outside to collect food from two platforms 40 m
      apart. The location of sucrose on one platform was defined by yellow cylinders,
      and on the other it was defined by blue triangles. When these arrays were
      exchanged between platforms, bees searched on each platform as though the
      landmarks had not been swapped. It seems that the more distant surroundings,
      which fill most of the visual field, may be more potent than the local landmarks
      in deciding which memory should be retrieved.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3385667
TI  - Depth resolution in the pigeon.
AB  - Pigeons possess a binocular visual field and a retinal region of higher cellular
      density pointing to the center of this overlap. These features and the precision
      of pecking behavior suggest that in this lateral-eyed bird cues other than
      monocular ones might participate in depth judgements. Pigeons were trained with
      an operant procedure to discriminate between luminous points differing in depth
      which appeared to the observer as floating in the dark. The accuracy of depth
      judgements was found to be a function of the ratio between the interstimulus
      distance and the mean eyes-to-stimulus distance. In a first test (experiment I)
      no external binocular disparity cues were available, the animal only seeing one
      luminous point at a time (near or far). In a second test (experiment II) where
      binocular disparity cues were available, the animal having this time to
      discriminate a pair of points placed at equal depth from a pair placed at unequal
      depths, only one pair being visible at a time, depth resolution did not improve.
      This suggests that, at least within the range of distances explored, the pigeon
      has no stereoscopic vision. Notwithstanding this, binocular cues do play a role,
      since when tests were done comparing binocular with monocular viewing (experiment
      III), monocular depth resolution was significantly worse.

PMID- 3385668
TI  - Flow field, swimming velocity and boundary layer: parameters which affect the
      stimulus for the lateral line organ in blind fish.
AB  - The data presented support the hypothesis that the flow field supplies the
      stimulus to the lateral line organ (LLO) in blind cave fish (Anoptichthys
      jordani). Two basic predictions from the theoretical analysis of the flow field
      were confirmed: (i) individual blind cave fish prefer particular swimming
      velocities, (ii) the velocity preferred depends on the cross-sectional area (CSA)
      of the fish, i.e. the smaller the CSA the higher the swimming velocity. This
      relationship was found also in experimentally blinded fish of other species.
      Furthermore, when placed in unfamiliar surroundings, blind cave fish swim at
      higher velocities than in familiar surroundings for a certain habituation period.
      The boundary layer which surrounds the fish attenuates the amplitude of the
      hydrodynamic stimulus because of its damping properties. Computations of the
      current velocity distribution within the boundary layer indicate that the
      stimulus for freestanding neuromasts is considerable even during swimming in open
      water.

PMID- 3385669
TI  - The visual pigments of four deep-sea crustacean species.
AB  - The visual pigments of four mesopelagic crustacean species were studied at sea by
      means of microspectrophotometry. The absorbance maxima obtained for the visual
      pigments and their metarhodopsins, respectively, were: 493 nm and 481 nm
      (Systellaspis debilis), 485 nm and 480 nm (Acanthephyra curtirostris), 491 nm and
      482 nm (A. smithi), and 495 nm and 487 nm (Sergestes tenuiremis). The spectral
      characteristics of the rhodopsins and metarhodopsins permit high photosensitivity
      and facilitate photoregeneration in a nearly monochromatic environment. Photic
      regeneration of rhodopsins from the deep-sea environment was demonstrated, and
      data were obtained which are consistent with the occurrence of dark regeneration.
      Specific optical density of the observed visual pigments was calculated for two
      species.

PMID- 3385670
TI  - Hyperpolarizing photoreceptors in the eyes of the giant clam Tridacna:
      physiological evidence for both spiking and nonspiking cell types.
AB  - Intracellular studies on photoreceptors in the eyes of the giant clam Tridacna
      give evidence for two types of light-sensitive cells, both of which are
      hyperpolarized by light. These cells are distinguished by the presence or absence
      of spikes and corresponding characteristics of the receptor potential. In non
      spiking (NS) receptors, the average resting potential in the dark is low (-15 mV)
      and peak receptor potentials are large (to 100 mV) and adapt rapidly to light.
      Spiking (S) receptors have higher average resting potentials (-45 mV), but
      receptor potentials do not exceed 20 mV and also do not adapt to light. The
      spikes in S-receptors are small (3-8 mV), occur spontaneously at low levels of
      illumination and are inhibited by light. Bursts of spikes arise on the
      repolarizing off-component of the receptor potential. Light adaptation increases
      the excitability of S-receptors in terms of a higher frequency and shorter
      latency of the off response burst. The receptor potential in both cells is due to
      a light-activated increase in membrane conductance to potassium ions. Membrane
      conductance decreases in NS-receptors in relation to light adaptation. Unlike the
      scallop eye, no depolarizing photoreceptors are present.

PMID- 3385671
TI  - The elasmobranch spiracular organ. I. Morphological studies.
AB  - The spiracular organ is a lateral line derived receptor associated with the first
      gill cleft (spiracle). Its functional morphology was studied in the little skate,
      Raja erinacea, and a shark, the smooth dogfish, Mustelus canis, with light and
      electron microscopy. The spiracular organ is a tube (skate) or pouch (shark) with
      a single pore opening into the spiracle. The lumen is lined with patches of
      sensory hair cells, and filled with a gelatinous cupula. In the little skate,
      hair cells form synapses with afferents but apparently not with efferent fibers.
      In both species, the spiracular organs are deformed by flexion of the
      hyomandibular cartilage at its articulation with the cranium. The hyomandibula is
      a suspensory element of the jaws; hyomandibular flexion results in jaw
      protrusion. The little skate spiracular organ is anchored at one end to the
      cranium and at the other to the hyomandibula so that it is stretched or relaxed
      during hyomandibular extension and flexion, respectively. In Mustelus, the
      effects of hyomandibular flexion on the spiracular organ are mediated indirectly
      by the superior post-spiracular ligament which inserts on the distal end of the
      hyomandibula. Deformation of the dogfish shark cupula during hyomandibular
      movement was observed. In the little skate, as revealed by transmission electron
      microscopy, there is a measurable deflection of the hair cell ciliary bundles
      from spiracular organs fixed with the hyomandibula in the flexed relative to the
      extended positions. In both species, hyomandibula flexion should result in hair
      cell depolarization, and sensory afferent excitation, based on the direction of
      the observed (skate) or expected (shark) deflection of hair cell cilia.

PMID- 3385672
TI  - The elasmobranch spiracular organ. II. Physiological studies.
AB  - The spiracular sense organs of the little skate, Raja erinacea, and the smooth
      dogfish, Mustelus canis, respond to movements of the hyomandibula-cranial joint.
      Afferent activity was recorded from the spiracular organ nerve in isolated
      preparations consisting of at least part of the cranium, the hyomandibula, and
      the spiracular organ and nerve. Afferents are excited by hyomandibular flexion at
      its joint with the cranium. Single unit recordings in the little skate revealed a
      single class of units that were slowly adapting, and had a regular firing
      pattern. Single unit firing rate increased up to about 70 spikes/s during
      hyomandibular flexion from a spontaneous rate at rest of 15-20 spikes/s, and
      could often be silenced by hyomandibular extension. The direction of excitation
      is consistent with the orientation of the hair cell ciliary bundles observed in
      morphological studies (Barry et al. 1988). Local deformations of the cupula are
      sufficient to excite or inhibit primary afferent firing, and volume changes in
      the spiracular organ as a whole are not necessary. The spiracular organs are
      relatively insensitive to electrical stimuli, vibration, or water movement. In
      conclusion, the spiracular organ functions as a sensitive joint receptor.

PMID- 3385673
TI  - Unusual discharge patterns of single fibers in the pigeon's auditory nerve.
AB  - Extracellular recording from single auditory nerve fibers in the pigeon, Columba
      livia, revealed some unusual discharge patterns of spontaneous and evoked
      activity. Time interval histograms (TIHs) of spontaneous activity showed a random
      interval distribution in 73% of the auditory fibers (Fig. 1a). The remaining 27%
      revealed periodicity in the TIHs (Fig. 1b-e), determined by the characteristic
      frequency (CF) of a given fiber. Normally, those fibers had a CF less than 2.2
      kHz. In both cases spontaneous activity was irregular. The time pattern of
      quasiperiodic spontaneous firing in different auditory fibers is described by
      three main types of autocorrelation histograms (ACHs; decaying, nondecaying, and
      modulated), reflecting the spontaneous oscillations of the hair cell membrane
      potential (Fig. 1b-d). Single-tone suppression in auditory fibers with quasi
      periodic spontaneous activity was found (Figs. 2, 10) and it could be observed if
      the eighth nerve was cut. There was no suppressive effect in fibres with random
      spontaneous firing. The frequency selectivity properties of auditory fibers were
      studied by means of an automatic method. Both 'simple' (Fig. 4) and 'complex'
      (Figs. 7, 8) response maps were found. Apart from the usual excitatory area,
      complex response maps were characterized by suppressive areas lying either above
      (Fig. 7), below (Fig. 8e), or on both sides of the CF (Fig. 8a-c). Generally,
      complex response maps were observed for fibers showing quasiperiodic spontaneous
      activity (Figs. 7, 8). Input-output functions at frequencies evoking single-tone
      suppression were nonmonotonic, while they were always monotonic at frequencies
      near the CF (Fig. 12). No difference in sharpness was observed between normal
      frequency threshold curves (FTCs) and excitatory areas of 'complex' response maps
      (Fig. 9). 'On-off' responses evoked by suppressive stimuli were found (Figs. 2,
      3). They had a periodic pattern determined by the CF and did not depend on the
      stimulus frequency (Fig. 3). Low-CF fibers were observed which changed their time
      discharge structure to tone levels about 45 dB lower than their thresholds at the
      CF (Fig. 6). The observed features of the discharge patterns of the pigeon's
      auditory fibers reflect the distinctive nature of the fundamental mechanisms of
      auditory analysis in birds that are connected with electrical tuning of the hair
      cells and probably with the micromechanics of the bird's cochlea.

PMID- 3385674
TI  - Sexual abuse and group therapy.
AB  - This article described the formation of a structured, open-ended, time-limited,
      repeatable group for sexually abused girls. The sexually abused pre-adolescent
      and young adolescent must address developmental tasks while attempting to cope
      with tremendous guilt, shame, and loss of self-esteem. The value of group therapy
      as a support to sexually abused children was explored and a format was devised to
      help them deal with their issues. Discussion questions and topics designated for
      each session helped meet their specific needs. The group members evaluated the
      group as being helpful overall. In conclusion, the expansion of psychotherapeutic
      services to sexually abused children through a structured group format has been
      proposed. If others are encouraged to engage in such work, then the purpose of
      this article has been achieved.

PMID- 3385675
TI  - Crisis intervention & suicide.

PMID- 3385676
TI  - Why research doesn't yield treatment.
AB  - This article has presented examples from nursing research with chronically
      mentally ill clients that illustrate problems with utilization of nursing
      research in this field. Obstacles to utilizing research in clinical practice
      include (a) difficulty in identification of treatment goals; (b) difficulty in
      measurement of treatment outcomes; (c) diversity of psychotherapeutic
      interventions; (d) attrition of clients over a relatively short period of time;
      and (e) variation among clients with regard to degree of impairment, response to
      medication, and social support. These problems were examined using the criteria
      described by Fawcett (1982) for utilization of research findings: scientific
      merit, clinical relevance, and clinical evaluation. Limitations for utilizing
      findings from research with the chronically mentally ill were illustrated in the
      areas of scientific merit and clinical evaluation. However, studies of the
      chronically mentally ill and their treatment showed definite clinical relevance,
      indicating the need for further research with the chronically mentally ill.

PMID- 3385677
TI  - Obstacles in research: another point of view.

PMID- 3385678
TI  - Physical health problems of the psychiatric client.
AB  - The psychiatric nurse can make significant contributions to the client's overall
      state of health by attending to the physical health care needs of clients in
      psychiatric settings. Psychiatric clients die at a younger age than the general
      population and their incidence of physical health problems tends to be higher. As
      major providers of psychiatric care, especially to the chronically mentally ill,
      nursing skills are crucial to the physical and mental health of vulnerable
      clients. The case reports provide examples of how the interaction between
      physical and psychological states influence care.

PMID- 3385679
TI  - Psychopharmacology update. Snew!

PMID- 3385680
TI  - Abstracts of the thirtieth annual meeting of the Japan Radiation Research
      Society. Tokyo, November 30-December 2, 1987.

PMID- 3385681
TI  - Effect of the radioprotector 2-mercaptopropionylglycine (MPG) on the radiation
      inactivation of catalase in vitro.

PMID- 3385682
TI  - Radionuclide contents of leafy vegetables; their reduction by cooking.

PMID- 3385683
TI  - Measurement of depth doses in rat and mouse phantoms exposed to 252Cf mixed
      neutron and gamma radiations.

PMID- 3385684
TI  - Abnormal sperm in crab-eating monkeys after acute testicular gamma-irradiation.

PMID- 3385686
TI  - [X-ray computerised tomographic imaging in the diagnosis of intrathoracic
      kidney].
AB  - Two cases are reported of an ectopic right kidney that was partially
      intrathoracic in position. Diagnosis was simple from CT scan imaging appearances,
      the examination being performed to investigate an intrathoracic mass. Images
      showed a tissular mass within a fatty zone in sections without contrast and the
      typical appearance of the kidney on sections with contrast.

PMID- 3385685
TI  - [X-ray computerised tomographic diagnosis of false aneurysm of the gastroduodenal
      artery complicating chronic pancreatitis].
AB  - Pseudoaneurysm formation is a serious complication of pancreatitis. The authors,
      in reference to a case, emphasize the value of computed tomography in the early
      diagnosis of this complication.

PMID- 3385687
TI  - [Primary malignant melanoma of the digestive tract: esophagus and rectum. Apropos
      of 2 cases].
AB  - The authors report two cases of primary malignant melanoma. These primary
      neoplasms are exceptional on the GI tract. The diagnostical problems are
      discussed. The radiological features are a nodular lesion like an under-mucosa
      tumor.

PMID- 3385688
TI  - [Realization of an incidence of the bicipital groove under the control of
      televised scopy].
AB  - A method is described for control of a bicipital groove projection using a tele
      controlled table with centering guided by direct screen imaging: the patient is
      placed in contralateral anterior oblique position with the arm in antepulsion to
      project the groove into the supraspinal fossa on a lateral scapular image.

PMID- 3385689
TI  - Design of angiotensin II derivatives suitable for indirect affinity techniques:
      potential applications to receptor studies.
AB  - The design of angiotensin II (A II)-derived probes suitable for indirect affinity
      techniques is presented. Biotin or dinitrophenyl moieties have been added at the
      N-terminus of A II, through aminohexanoic acid as spacer arm, to generate (6
      biotinylamido)-hexanoyl-AII (Bio-Ahx-AII) and dinitrophenyl- aminohexanoyl-AII
      (Dnp-Ahx-AII). Monoiodinated and highly labeled radioiodinated forms of these
      probes have been prepared. The two bifunctional ligands displayed high affinities
      for rat liver A II receptors (Kd values in the nanomolar range) and their
      secondary acceptors: streptavidin and monoclonal anti-Dnp antibodies
      respectively. Bio-Ahx-AII and Dnp-Ahx-AII behaved as agonists on several AII
      sensitive systems. Based on these structural assessments, the parent
      photoactivable azido probe: Bio-Ahx-(Ala1,Phe(4N3)8)A II. A II was synthesized
      and proved to possess similar biological properties than the non-azido compound.
      The hepatic A II receptor could be covalently labeled by the radioiodinated
      probe, with a particularly high yield (15-20%); SDS-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis of solubilized complexes revealed specific labeling of a 65
      Kdaltons binding unit, in agreement with previous data obtained with other azido
      AII-derived compounds. The potential applications of these probes are: i)
      receptor purification by combination of its photoaffinity labeling and adsorption
      of biotin-tagged solubilized hormone-receptor complexes on avidin gels. ii) cell
      labeling and sorting. iii) histochemical receptor visualization.

PMID- 3385690
TI  - Single cell measurements in research on calcium-mobilising purinoceptors.
AB  - The Ca-sensitive photoprotein aequorin has been used to record repetitive free Ca
      transients in single rat liver cells responding to either ATP or ADP. The time
      course of individual transients is longer when ATP is the agonist. If both
      agonists operate through the same receptor, then curtailment of the receptors'
      activity occurs more rapidly when ADP is the agonist, and we infer that an
      agonist-occupied receptor linked to a GTP-liganded G protein is the moiety
      responsible for activating a phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate-specific
      phospholipase C. The alternative explanation is that ATP and ADP act through
      different receptors.

PMID- 3385692
TI  - An exact correction to the "Cheng-Prusoff" correction.
AB  - The use of graphical estimation techniques in pharmacology is well entrenched,
      yet can sometimes lead to confusion and errors. The widely used Cheng-Prusoff
      correction for obtaining the inhibition constant Ki from the graphical mid point
      or ED50 of a displacement or inhibition curve is not exact, contrary to popular
      belief. We show that under many commonly used experimental conditions, the Cheng
      Prusoff rule can lead to a substantial 3- to 6-fold or larger error in the
      estimate of Ki. Surprisingly, an explicit, relatively simple exact correction
      rule is available. We derive this rule and show the conditions under which its
      use is required.

PMID- 3385691
TI  - Monitoring receptor mediated regulation of cytosolic calcium in single pituitary
      cells by dual excitation microfluorimetry.
AB  - Receptor-mediated alterations in the cytosolic free calcium concentration,
      [Ca2+]i are monitored with the intracellular fluorescent calcium probe fura 2 by
      dual excitation microfluorimetry. The calcium dependence on the excitation
      spectrum of fura 2 allows us to choose two wavelengths, lambda 1 and lambda 2, at
      which an increase in [Ca2+]i causes either a rise or a fall in fluorescence; the
      ratio of fluorescence at lambda 1 and lambda 2 (R = F lambda 1/F lambda 2) is a
      measure of [Ca2+]i. It appears essential for such measurements that the
      alteration between the two excitation wavelengths is done rapidly, to allow us to
      distinguish between effects on [Ca2+]i and other effects on fluorescence. In
      addition, specific problems relating to the calibration of fura 2 measurements,
      such as its relative insensitivity at basal [Ca2+]i, the role of intracellular
      viscosity on fura 2 fluorescence, and the difficulties encountered in
      establishing calibration constants have to be appreciated. In spite of these
      potential drawbacks, it appears that monitoring receptor-mediated [Ca2+]i
      regulation in single cells will prove essential for the further comprehension of
      stimulus-secretion coupling in pituitary and probably many other cell types.

PMID- 3385693
TI  - The dissociation rate of unlabelled drugs from receptor sites: a poorly
      investigated, yet important aspect in receptor research. Studies on the serotonin
      S2 receptor.
AB  - The labelling by 3H-spiperone of serotonin-S2 receptors in rat frontal cortex
      tissue adsorbed to glass fibre filters was investigated. For 12 unlabelled
      serotonin antagonists the dissociation time from serotonin-S2 receptors was
      measured using rat frontal cortex tissue preparations adsorbed to glass fibre
      filters. The dissociation half-time varied from 4.8 min for pipamperone to 160
      min for ritanserin. The drug-receptor dissociation time was not related to a
      particular class of chemical structure, or to the lipophilicity or the acid
      dissociation constant of the drugs. The essential requirement of experimental
      determination of the drug-receptor dissociation time for each drug individually
      is illustrated. The possible applications of the knowledge of the drug-receptor
      dissociation time in in vitro and in vivo receptor studies, in pharmacological
      and pharmacokinetic studies and in drug design and receptor modelling is
      discussed. For various serotonin-S2 antagonists, the type of inhibition produced
      by the drug on 3H-ketanserin binding to serotonin-S2 receptors was determined
      using suspensions of rat frontal cortical tissue. The observed patterns of
      inhibition were clearly related to the drug-receptor dissociation times: rapidly
      dissociating drugs produced competitive inhibition, drugs with dissociation half
      times between 15-30 min produced mixed type inhibition, and the very slowly
      dissociating ritanserin produced non-competitive inhibition.

PMID- 3385694
TI  - Neuropharmacology and stereochemistry of dopamine receptor agonist and antagonist
      enantiomeric pairs.
AB  - Neuropharmacological evaluation of the R and S isomers of 11-hydroxy-N-n
      propylnoraporphine (11-OH-NPa) supports the impression that the 11-OH group in
      aporphines (analogous to the meta hydroxyl of dopamine, DA) is sufficient to
      confer high affinity and activity at DA receptors. As in the case of the catechol
      congeners, (R)-apomorphine (APO) and (R)-N-n-propylnorapomorphine (NPA), (R)-11
      OH-NPa is a potent DA agonist while, like (S)-NPA, (S)-11-OH-NPa is a DA
      antagonist. Thus, (R) and (S)-11-OH-NPa are an additional pair of compounds in
      which one enantiomer is a DA agonist and the other an antagonist. Other analogous
      pairs are the enantiomers of 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-N-n-propylpiperidine (3-PPP),
      and cis-1-methyl-5-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (5-OH-MDAT). All contain
      a meta hydroxyphenyl, an N-n-propyl, and a phenethylamine moiety which can be
      superimposed in a consistent way to discriminate the DA agonists from the
      antagonists, with the key feature in this discrimination being the direction of
      the ammonium hydrogen. An energy penalty must be incurred by 3-PPP to assume the
      required conformations and it may account for the relatively low potency of the 3
      PPP enantiomers. This analysis supports the view that rigid analogs of flexible
      compounds when "frozen" in their biologically active conformation exhibit higher
      affinity interactions with the receptor.

PMID- 3385695
TI  - Amniotic fluid cadmium and thiocyanate in pregnant women who smoke.
AB  - About 30% of U.S. women of reproductive age smoke cigarettes. The adverse effects
      of smoking on the adult population have prompted insertion of the surgeon
      general's warning on cigarette packages. The effects of smoking on pregnancy and
      the fetus have been well documented, but the causative agent in "smoke" that
      produces those adverse effects has not been identified. Cadmium, one of the more
      toxic materials in cigarette smoke, has been studied in the placenta and maternal
      blood. To further assess the pharmacodynamics of this agent, we conducted studies
      to investigate the effect of smoking on the thiocyanate and cadmium
      concentrations in maternal blood, cord blood and amniotic fluid. Our results
      showed significantly increased cadmium concentrations in maternal blood and cord
      blood in pregnant women who smoked (P less than .05) and significantly increased
      amniotic fluid cadmium concentrations in women who smoked heavily during
      pregnancy. Maternal and cord blood cadmium concentrations correlated strongly
      with amniotic fluid thiocyanate concentrations.

PMID- 3385696
TI  - Third- and fourth-degree perineal tears. 50 year's experience at a university
      hospital.
AB  - An investigation was undertaken to determine if the incidence of third- and
      fourth-degree perineal tears has changed and, if so, what the predisposing
      factors might be. Data were analyzed for a 50-year period (1935-1985). An
      increased frequency of such tears was found after 1965, when mediolateral
      episiotomies were replaced almost entirely by midline ones. A constant combined
      rate of 17% for third- and fourth-degree tears was found for the last decade.
      When compared with a similar group without such tears, women with extensive tears
      were more likely to be nulliparous and teenage and to require epidural
      anesthesia, oxytocin and/or forceps application. When the incidence of tears was
      compared with that at a nearby community hospital, it was found to be higher at
      our university medical center. Excluding physician inexperience, the reason was
      the greater frequency of teenage pregnancies and more common use of epidural
      anesthesia and oxytocin at our hospital. Rectovaginal fistulae and anal
      incontinence requiring repair occurred in less than 1% of the total cases. Since
      midline episiotomies are now being performed often, third- and fourth-degree
      perineal tears will continue to be common and will depend on the patient
      population, physician experience and intrapartum hospital policies.

PMID- 3385697
TI  - Comparison of endometrial biopsy with the endometrial Pipelle and Vabra
      aspirator.
AB  - Endometrial biopsy can be used to evaluate women at high risk for endometrial
      cancer and to follow women on hormone replacement therapy. Biopsy methods may
      produce enough pain, however, to lower patient acceptance. The Endometrial
      Pipelle is a new plastic endometrial suction curette that provides a histologic
      biopsy. This study compared the performance of the Pipelle to that of the Vabra
      aspirator, a widely accepted biopsy device. Endometrial sampling using both
      techniques was performed on 56 patients. Both instruments provided the correct
      diagnosis in 50 patients (89%). The Pipelle obtained more tissue than the Vabra
      in 28 patients (50%) and was noted by the clinician to cause less pain in 50
      patients (89%). Forty-seven patients (84%) stated that biopsy with the Pipelle
      was less painful than with the Vabra. These results suggest that the Pipelle is
      as efficacious as the Vabra aspirator and has greater patient acceptability.

PMID- 3385698
TI  - Pulmonary function in preeclamptic women receiving MgSO4.
AB  - Pulmonary function was studied in ten preeclamptic women in labor receiving
      continuous infusions of MgSO4 (group I) and six normotensive, healthy parturients
      in labor (group II). In group I, the forced vital capacity (FVC), forced
      expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV)
      were measured prior to, two hours after and six hours after the start of
      infusions. The mean FVC decreased from a baseline value of 3.05 +/- 0.41 to 2.67
      +/- 0.50 L (P less than .005) at two hours and to 2.71 +/- 0.42 L (P less than
      .005) at six hours; the mean FEV1 decreased from a control value of 2.50 +/- 0.41
      to 2.25 +/- 0.45 L at two hours (P less than .01) and to 2.25 +/- 0.37 L at six
      hours (P less than .01). The mean MVV decreased from a baseline value of 93.75 +/
      15.6 to 84.4 +/- 17.1 L at two hours (P less than .01) and 83.75 +/- 13.5 L at
      six hours (P less than .02). There were no significant differences between the
      two- and six-hour values. There was no change in the percentage of FEV1: FVC at
      any time during the measurement. The mean serum magnesium level was 3.66 +/- 0.44
      mg/dL. In the control group (group II), the FVC, FEV1 and MVV values were within
      normal limits, and there were no significant changes from baseline measurements
      at two and six hours. The results indicate a decrease in pulmonary function in
      preeclamptic patients in labor receiving MgSO4 infusions.

PMID- 3385699
TI  - Early genetic amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling. Expanding the
      opportunities for early prenatal diagnosis.
AB  - At centers where chorionic villus sampling (CVS) programs are operational, first
      trimester prenatal diagnosis has been shown to have many advantages, both medical
      and psychologic. However, most medical centers do not have CVS capability, nor
      are all patients candidates for CVS. We investigated the feasibility of
      performing very early genetic amniocentesis (9-13 weeks' gestational age). The
      results from those amniocenteses were compared to our own CVS data. In
      experienced hands, (1) CVS can be performed safely at 8-13 weeks, with the most
      technical ease at 9-11 weeks; (2) CVS or amniocentesis can be performed on many
      patients at 12-13 weeks or perhaps even earlier, although no accurate loss rates
      are available yet; (3) when technically feasible, CVS may be advantageous because
      of the much faster time period for cytogenetic results from direct preparation or
      short-term culture; and (4) in those patients on whom CVS cannot be performed,
      early amniocentesis in selected patients may offer the benefits of early
      diagnosis.

PMID- 3385700
TI  - Trial of labor after an earlier cesarean section. A conservative approach.
AB  - Between 1980 and 1984 a conservative protocol for a trial of labor was applied
      for parturients with an earlier cesarean section in the Department of Obstetrics
      and Gynecology, Hospital Nacional Valdecilla, Santander, Spain. The protocol had
      been devised for and underwent a trial for future use in district hospitals with
      only standard obstetric facilities. Use of the protocol was based mainly on
      careful case selection and precluded the use of oxytocin. Three hundred thirty
      nine patients underwent a trial of labor during the study period. Of them, 202
      (59.6%) had a successful vaginal delivery. No uterine ruptures or scar dehiscence
      occurred. There was one antepartum death, of a grossly malformed, nonviable
      fetus.

PMID- 3385701
TI  - Fallopian tube prolapse after hysterectomy. A report of two cases.
AB  - Two patients were treated for fallopian tube prolapse after abdominal
      hysterectomy. This rare complication is usually seen after vaginal hysterectomy.
      Our patients presented with a profuse, blood-tinged vaginal discharge and lower
      abdominal pain two and three months after hysterectomy. The tender, fimbriated
      end of the fallopian tube must be distinguished from common cuff granulation
      tissue, one patient underwent painful cautery treatments for over a year before
      the correct diagnosis was made. Biopsy of the prolapsed tissue in both cases
      failed to provide the correct diagnosis. In cases reported on previously, repair
      of the prolapsed tube usually was accomplished transvaginally, but in one of our
      patients laparotomy was required to control bleeding from the retracted proximal
      tube. The other patient had her prolapsed tube diagnosed and resected
      laparoscopically. This technique, described in detail, has the advantage of
      avoiding more-extensive surgery in selected cases.

PMID- 3385702
TI  - Endometriosis with unilateral ureteral obstruction and hypertension. A case
      report.
AB  - A patient developed hypertension from unilateral hydronephrosis produced by
      endometriosis. Her blood pressure fell promptly after decompression of the
      involved kidney.

PMID- 3385703
TI  - Angiokeratoma of the vulva. A case report.
AB  - Angiokeratoma of the vulva is a rarely reported, benign condition that usually
      presents as one or a few isolated, 2- to 3-mm papules on the vulva. This case
      represents an extensive lesion that was managed surgically. Such extensive
      disease and its treatment have not been described before in detail in the
      literature.

PMID- 3385704
TI  - Late complications of the Estes operation for tubal infertility. A case report.
AB  - The Estes procedure was designed to restore fertility in women with infertility
      related to tubal factors by transposition of an ovary into the uterine cavity
      with preservation of its vascular pedicle. This procedure was performed most
      commonly in the middle of this century in the United States. Many of these women
      are now perimenopausal and therefore entering the age of risk for ovarian
      neoplasia. We treated a patient who developed large intramyometrial cystic masses
      more than 20 years after undergoing an Estes procedure.

PMID- 3385705
TI  - Obstructive mucocele of the cervix after subtotal hysterectomy. A case report.
AB  - A benign obstructive mucocele of the cervix presented as a pelvic mass after a
      subtotal hysterectomy. Hypertrophy of the smooth muscle of the leiomyoma, under
      the influence of circulating estrogen, resulted in distortion and obstruction of
      the endocervical canal, forming a mucocele.

PMID- 3385706
TI  - Disseminated blastomycosis in a pregnant woman successfully treated with
      amphotericin-B. A case report.
AB  - An 18-year-old woman developed disseminated blastomycosis in the 30th week of
      pregnancy. She was treated with amphotericin-B. Simultaneous maternal-infant
      blood levels at birth were 1.9 and 1.3 micrograms/mL, respectively. The
      amphotericin-B level in the amniotic fluid was 0.3 microgram/mL at delivery. The
      infant was normal and without ill effects from either the blastomycosis or the
      amphotericin-B. The skin lesions and pulmonary infiltrates in the mother improved
      rapidly, without unexpected side effects from the therapy. The limited experience
      with amphotericin-B indicates that it is both well tolerated and effective in
      this clinical situation.

PMID- 3385707
TI  - Leiomyoma uteri in a rudimentary uterine horn in a woman with the Rokitansky
      Kuster-Hauser syndrome. A case report.
AB  - A 4-cm leiomyoma was found in a woman with the Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome.
      It was discovered six years after she presented to a gynecologist. In the ensuing
      years she successfully developed vaginal dilation. This is the fourth reported
      case of leiomyoma associated with the Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome.

PMID- 3385708
TI  - If preventable why not prevented?

PMID- 3385709
TI  - Occupational asthma--does it exist?

PMID- 3385710
TI  - Occupational asthma and alveolitis--unanswered questions.

PMID- 3385711
TI  - The effect of respiratory disease on working life.

PMID- 3385712
TI  - The risks of staying in London: a review of overseas visitors admitted to a
      London hospital.
AB  - A retrospective review of 103 acute admissions of overseas visitors to a central
      London hospital was performed. Admissions were most commonly due to infection (43
      admissions) and to recurrence of preexisting disease (40 admissions). Patients
      over 60 years were frequently admitted with new diagnoses. Groups at risk of
      admission were identified and strategies to reduce admissions discussed.

PMID- 3385713
TI  - Juxta-articular aneurysmal bone cyst.

PMID- 3385714
TI  - Enterolith ileus.

PMID- 3385715
TI  - Cystadenoma of the seminal vesicle.

PMID- 3385716
TI  - Organic psychosis caused by diltiazem.

PMID- 3385717
TI  - Predicting the outcome: a new crystal ball.

PMID- 3385718
TI  - Reflex sympathetic dystrophy.

PMID- 3385719
TI  - Adrenal suppression following low-dose topical clobetasol propionate.

PMID- 3385722
TI  - N6-[2-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-(2-methylphenyl)ethyl]adenosine and its uronamide
      derivatives. Novel adenosine agonists with both high affinity and high
      selectivity for the adenosine A2 receptor.

PMID- 3385721
TI  - Methyl mercapturate episulfonium ion: a model reactive metabolite of
      dihaloethanes.

PMID- 3385720
TI  - (+/-)-9-Amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridin-1-ol. A potential Alzheimer's disease
      therapeutic of low toxicity.

PMID- 3385723
TI  - Nonisomerizable analogues of (Z)- and (E)-4-hydroxytamoxifen. Synthesis and
      endocrinological properties of substituted diphenylbenzocycloheptenes.
AB  - Substituted 8,9-diphenyl-6,7-dihydro-5H-benzocycloheptenes 6-8, which are ring
      fused analogues of (Z)-trans-4-hydroxytamoxifen, (E)-cis-tamoxifen, and (E)-cis-4
      hydroxytamoxifen, were synthesized from 7-methoxy-1-benzosuberone. The hydroxy
      compounds 6 and 8 were individually prepared via a common synthetic intermediate
      from which either the perfluoro-p-tolyl or the methyl ether functions could be
      cleaved specifically. Compounds were assayed for binding affinity to estrogen
      receptors in cytosol and in MCF-7 whole cells and for growth inhibition of MCF-7
      cells in vitro and rat uteri in vivo. The endocrinological properties of the
      cyclic analogues 5-7 paralleled those of the corresponding derivatives of
      tamoxifen although in the MCF-7 assay 6 was slightly less effective than 4
      hydroxytamoxifen at 10(-6) and 10(-7) M. The compound 8 analogues to cis-4
      hydroxytamoxifen antagonized the growth stimulation by estradiol of MCF-7 cell or
      rat uterus growth, and it is therefore an antiestrogen, but its potency was
      somewhat less, both as an antiestrogen and an estrogen, than reported for cis-4
      hydroxytamoxifen attributable to modification of the biochemical properties of
      the latter by isomerization to the more potent trans isomer. Curiously, in the
      absence of estradiol, compound 8 stimulated MCF-7 cell growth at low
      concentration (10(-8) M) but inhibited growth at higher concentration. In
      contrast, compound 7, which lacked the hydroxy function, was a full estrogen in
      the rat uterine growth assay. These compounds should be ideal for further
      structure-activity studies of triarylethylene-based antiestrogens without
      complications caused by isomerization.

PMID- 3385725
TI  - Synthesis and antitumor activity of quaternary ellipticine glycosides, a series
      of novel and highly active antitumor agents.
AB  - A series of ellipticine glycosides [2-N-glycosyl quaternary pyridinium salts of
      three ellipticines: ellipticine (1), 9-methoxyellipticine (2), and 9
      hydroxyellipticine (4)] were stereoselectively synthesized in good yields by an
      improved condensation reaction between ellipticines [1, 2, and 9
      acetoxyellipticine (3)] and protected (peracylated and perbenzylated) glycosyl
      halides with cadmium carbonate, followed by deprotection. These glycosides were
      preliminarily evaluated for their antitumor activity in the L1210 leukemia
      system. Twenty-six (53%) of the 49 glycosides tested were curative, and five [9
      hydroxyellipticine L-arabinopyranoside (41b), D-lyxofuranoside (43a), L
      lyxopyranoside (44b), D-xylofuranoside (49a), and L-rhamnopyranoside (56)] were
      selected for extended evaluation on the basis of their high levels of activity.
      The structure-activity relationships are discussed. The selected glycosides
      showed remarkable activity in six different murine tumor systems with excellent
      therapeutic ratios; their efficacy surpassed that of doxorubicin against three of
      these systems. On the basis of these results and ease of formulation, the two
      glycosides 41b (SUN4599) and 49a (SUN5073) were selected for further preclinical
      evaluation and possible clinical development.

PMID- 3385728
TI  - 2,3-Diarylindenes and 2,3-diarylindenones: synthesis, molecular structure,
      photochemistry, estrogen receptor binding affinity, and comparisons with related
      triarylethylenes.
AB  - Two 2,3-diphenylindene and -indenone systems, with potential fluorescent and
      photofluorogenic properties, were prepared and studied as ligands for the
      estrogen receptor. The indene systems were prepared by Friedel-Crafts cyclization
      of appropriate alpha-benzyl desoxybenzoin systems, and the indenones either by
      oxidation of the indenes, by cyclization of alpha-benzoyl desoxybenzoins, or by
      acylium ion attack on tolan. Crystallographic analysis of the 2,3-diphenylindene
      and -indenone systems shows the phenyl substituents twisted out of the plane of
      the indene/indenone systems, with both torsional angles greater in the indenone
      than indene system; the phenyl attachment to the five-membered ring allows these
      systems to be considerably more planar than the related 1,2-diphenyl-3,4
      dihydronaphthalene and the triarylethylene nonsteroidal estrogens. In contrast to
      the diphenyldihydronaphthalenes, the diarylindene and -indenone systems undergo
      photocyclization to phenanthrenes inefficiently. The estrogen receptor binding
      affinity of these systems is reasonably high (9-59% relative to estradiol), with
      the indenone systems having higher affinity than the indenes; additional hydroxyl
      substitution raises the affinity of the indenes but lowers that of the indenones.
      These trends can be rationalized by considering differences in molecular volumes
      or surface areas (related to torsional angles) and specific polar interactions.

PMID- 3385724
TI  - Electrophysiologic and antiarrhythmic activities of 4-amino-N-[2
      (diethylamino)ethyl]-3,5-dimethylbenzamide, a sterically hindered procainamide
      analogue.
AB  - Procainamide is a widely used antiarrhythmic that is fraught with therapeutic
      limitations such as a short half-life, production of autoimmune antibodies and a
      lupus-like syndrome, and complex pharmacokinetics. We synthesized the congeners
      of procainamide possessing one or two methyl substituents ortho to the 4-amino
      moiety (compounds 4 and 5, respectively), in order to sterically encumber the 4
      amino substituent and prevent or diminish the rate of metabolic N-acetylation.
      Moreover, we anticipated that this structural alteration might eliminate the
      autoimmune toxicities associated with procainamide. Like procainamide, the two
      methylated analogues significantly reduced the rate of rise and amplitude of the
      action potential when studied in isolated canine Purkinje fibers. Whereas
      procainamide caused no significant change in action potential duration (APD),
      both methylated congeners significantly reduced APD at 70% and 95%
      repolarization. Moreover, the dimethylated congener was significantly more
      efficacious than procainamide in reducing ERP (effective refractory period) and
      increasing the ERP/APD70. The ability of these compounds to block ouabain-induced
      arrhythmias was studied in anesthetized dogs. Addition of two methyl groups ortho
      to the amine produced an increase in potency: The conversion doses for
      procainamide and the monomethyl and dimethyl congeners were 19.0, 18.3, and 14.3
      mg/kg, respectively, following iv administration. After iv administration to
      rats, procainamide was extensively metabolized to N-acetylprocainamide and
      displayed a half-life of 0.4 h. In contrast, dimethylprocainamide was not
      metabolized by N-acetylation, had a half-life of 1.4 h, and provided greater peak
      plasma concentrations. Thus, addition of methyl substituents ortho to the 4-amino
      group of procainamide alters the electrophysiological characteristics of the
      compound, increases its potency against ouabain-induced arrhythmias in vivo,
      increases its plasma half-life, and prevents N-acetylation.

PMID- 3385727
TI  - Heterocyclic muscarinic agonists. Synthesis and biological activity of some
      bicyclic sulfonium arecoline bioisosteres.
AB  - A number of S-methylsulfonium analogues of the conformationally restricted
      muscarinic agonists of the 3-alk-oxy-4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoxazolo[4,5-c]pyridine
      (O-alkyl-THPO) type have been synthesized. The effects on muscarinic receptors of
      these 3-alkoxy-5-methyl-6,7-dihydro-4H-thiopyrano[3,4-d]isoxazol-5 -ium (O-alkyl
      S-methyl-DHTO) analogues (7a-d) were assessed in receptor-binding experiments
      with tritiated oxotremorine M, pirenzepine, and quinuclidinyl benzilate as
      ligands and were supported by studies on the isolated guinea pig ileum. The
      degree of muscarinic agonist activity of the compounds (M-agonist index) and
      their selectivity for M-1 or M-2 muscarinic receptor subtypes (M-2/M-1 index)
      were estimated on the basis of receptor-binding studies. The in vitro
      pharmacological profiles of the compounds were compared with those of arecoline
      and its sulfonium and 3-methoxyisoxazole isosteres, sulfoarecoline and O,5
      dimethyl-THPO, respectively. While O-methyl-DHTO (5a) and N-methyl-DHTO (6a) were
      inactive, all of the sulfonium analogues 7a-d were muscarinic agonists with the
      exception of O-ethyl-S-methyl-DHTO (7b), which showed a muscarinic antagonist
      profile.

PMID- 3385726
TI  - Synthesis of the tumorigenic 3,4-dihydrodiol metabolites of dibenz[a,j]anthracene
      and 7,14-dimethyldibenz[a,j]anthracene.
AB  - Syntheses are described of the trans-3,4-dihydrodiol derivatives (2a and 2b) of
      dibenz[a,j]anthracene and 7,14-dimethyldibenz[a,j]anthracene (1a and 1b),
      implicated as their proximate carcinogenic metabolites. Conversion of 2a to the
      bay region anti-diol epoxide derivative 3a, its putative ultimate carcinogenic
      metabolite, is also reported. The related diol epoxide derivative of 2b could not
      be prepared due to its chemical instability. Tumorigenicity assays confirm that
      1b and 2b are potent carcinogens on mouse skin, while 1a and 2a are only
      relatively weakly active. The diol epoxide 3a exhibited significantly higher
      tumorigenicity than its dihydrodiol precursor 2a. These findings are consistent
      with the hypothesis that the bay region diol epoxide metabolites are the active
      carcinogenic forms of these hydrocarbons. They also support the generalization
      that methyl substitution in bay regions enhances the carcinogenic activity of
      polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

PMID- 3385731
TI  - Cardiotonic agents. Synthesis and inotropic activity of a series of isoquinolin-3
      ol derivatives.
AB  - A series of isoquinolin-3-ol derivatives (II) was prepared as analogues of the
      clinical cardiotonic agent bemarinone (ORF 16600, I). Although in many respects
      the structural requirements for the cardiotonic activity of II are similar to
      those of bemarinone, certain differences between the series were noted. Our
      structure-activity studies show that II is less sensitive to alkoxy-substitution
      effects than is I, and more significantly, 4-substitution of II by alkyl groups,
      halogen, or alkanecarboxylic acid derivatives enhances cardiotonic activity in II
      in contrast to I, wherein analogous substitution eliminated activity. A linear
      correlation between contractile force (CF) increase and cyclic nucleotide
      phosphodiesterase fraction III (PDE-III) inhibition by the title compounds was
      determined. The isoquinoline derivatives were characteristically short-acting
      cardiotonic agents with good potency and selectivity.

PMID- 3385729
TI  - Methotrexate analogues. 32. Chain extension, alpha-carboxyl deletion, and gamma
      carboxyl replacement by sulfonate and phosphonate: effect on enzyme binding and
      cell-growth inhibition.
AB  - Analogues of methotrexate (MTX) and aminopterin (AMT) with
      aminophosphonoalkanoic, aminoalkanesulfonic, and aminoalkanephosphonic acid side
      chains in place of glutamate were synthesized and tested as inhibitors of
      folylpolyglutamate synthetase (FPGS) from mouse liver. The aminophosphonoalkanoic
      acid analogues were also tested as inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR)
      from L1210 murine leukemia cells and as inhibitors of the growth of MTX-sensitive
      (L1210) and MTX-resistant (L1210/R81) cells in culture. The optimal number of CH2
      groups in aminophosphonoalkanoic acid analogues of AMT was found to be two for
      both enzyme inhibition and cell growth inhibition but was especially critical for
      activity against FPGS. Deletion of the alpha-carboxyl also led to diminished anti
      FPGS activity in comparison with previously studied homocysteic acid and 2-amino
      4-phosphonobutyric acid analogues. In the aminoalkanesulfonic acid analogues of
      MTX without an alpha-carboxyl, anti-FPGS activity was low and showed minimal
      variation as the number of CH2 groups between the carboxamide and sulfonate
      moieties was changed from one to four. In similar aminoalkanephosphonic acid
      analogues of MTX, anti-FPGS activity was also low, was comparable for two and
      three CH2 groups between the carboxamide and phosphonate moieties, and was
      diminished by monoesterification of the phosphonate group. These effects
      demonstrate that the alpha-carboxyl group of folate analogues is involved in
      binding to the active site of FPGS, and that an alpha-carboxyl group should be
      retained as part of the structure of FPGS inhibitors.

PMID- 3385730
TI  - Methotrexate analogues. 33. N delta-acyl-N alpha-(4-amino-4-deoxypteroyl)-L
      ornithine derivatives: synthesis and in vitro antitumor activity.
AB  - N delta-Acyl derivatives of the potent folylpolyglutamate synthetase (FPGS)
      inhibitor N alpha-(4-amino-4-deoxypteroyl)-L-ornithine (APA-L-Orn) were
      synthesized from N alpha-(4-amino-4-deoxy-N10-formylpteroyl)-L-ornithine by
      reaction with an N-(acyloxy)succinimide or acyl anhydride, followed by
      deformylation with base. The N delta-hemiphthaloyl derivative was also prepared
      from 4-amino-4-deoxy-N10-formylpteroic acid by reaction with persilylated N delta
      phthaloyl-L-ornithine, followed by simultaneous deformylation and ring opening of
      the N delta-phthaloyl moiety with base. The products were potent inhibitors of
      purified dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) from L1210 murine leukemia cells, with
      IC50's ranging from 0.027 and 0.052 microM as compared with 0.072 microM for APA
      L-Orn. Several of the N delta-acyl-N10-formyl intermediates also proved to be
      good DHFR inhibitors. One of them, N alpha-(4-amino-4-deoxy-N10-formylpteroyl)-N
      delta-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-L- ornithine, had a 2-fold lower IC50 than its
      deformylated product, confirming that the N10-formyl group is well tolerated for
      DHFR binding. While N delta-acylation of APA-L-Orn did not significantly alter
      anti-DHFR activity, inhibition of FPGS was dramatically diminished, supporting
      the view that the basic NH2 on the end of the APA-L-Orn side chain is essential
      for the activity of this compound against FPGS. N delta-Acylation of APA-L-Orn
      markedly enhanced toxicity to cultured tumor cells. However, N delta-acyl
      derivatives also containing an N10-formyl substituent were less cytotoxic than
      the corresponding N10-unsubstituted analogues even though their anti-DHFR
      activity was the same, suggesting that N10-formylation may be unfavorable for
      transport. Two compounds, the N delta-benzoyl and N delta-hemiphthaloyl
      derivatives of APA-L-Orn, with IC50's against L1210 cells of 0.89 and 0.75 nM,
      respectively, were more potent than either methotrexate (MTX) or aminopterin
      (AMT) in this system. These compounds were also more potent than MTX against CEM
      human lymphoblasts and two human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines
      (SCC15, SCC25) in culture. Moreover, in assays against SCC15/R1 and SCC25/R1
      sublines with 10-20-fold MTX resistance, the N delta-hemiphthaloyl derivative of
      APA-L-Orn showed potency exceeding that of MTX itself against the parental
      cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3385732
TI  - Synthesis and dopamine agonist and antagonist effects of (R)-(-)- and (S)-(+)-11
      hydroxy-N-n-propylnoraporphine.
AB  - The R-(-) and S-(+) enantiomers of 11-hydroxy-N-n-propylnoraporphine, (R)-3 and
      (S)-3, were synthesized in six steps from 1-(3-methoxy-2
      nitrobenzyl)isoquinoline. Neuropharmacological evaluation of the R and S isomers
      (by affinity to dopamine receptor sites in rat brain tissues, induction of
      stereotyped behavior, and interaction with motor arousal induced by (R)
      apomorphine in the rat) indicated that, similar to the 10,11-dihydroxy congener
      2, both enantiomers can bind to dopamine receptors but that only (R)-3 activates
      them, whereas (S)-3 shows activity as a dopaminergic antagonist.

PMID- 3385733
TI  - Synthesis and serotonin receptor affinities of a series of enantiomers of alpha
      methyltryptamines: evidence for the binding conformation of tryptamines at
      serotonin 5-HT1B receptors.
AB  - A procedure for the preparation of optically pure alpha-methyltryptamines (AMTs)
      from substituted indoles was developed. The key step in the sequence was the
      reductive amination of substituted indole-2-propanones with the commercially
      available pure enantiomers of alpha-methylbenzylamine, followed by the
      chromatographic separation of the resulting pair of diastereomeric amines by
      preparative centrifugal (Chromatotron) chromatography. Catalytic N-debenzylation
      then afforded the pure AMT enantiomers. Optical purity was established by chiral
      HPLC analysis of the 2-naphthoylamide derivatives. An improved procedure for the
      preparation of indole-2-propanones was also developed. To probe structure
      activity relationships of serotonin receptors, affinities of the alpha
      methyltryptamine enantiomers were then measured at the 5-HT2 antagonist receptor
      subtype, with displacement of [3H]ketanserin, and were estimated at the 5-HT1B
      receptor, with displacement of [3H]serotonin, respectively, in rat frontal cortex
      homogenates. Enantioselectivity at the receptor subtypes varied, depending on
      aromatic substituents. For a 5-hydroxy or 5-methoxy, the S enantiomer had higher
      affinity or was equipotent to the R enantiomer. This selectivity at [3H]serotonin
      binding sites was reversed for 4-oxygenated alpha-methyltryptamines, where a 4
      hydroxy or 4-methoxy did not enhance affinity over the unsubstituted compounds.
      These results can be explained, for the [3H]serotonin displacement data, if the
      binding conformation is one where the ethylamine side chain is trans and lying in
      a plane perpendicular to the indole ring plane.

PMID- 3385734
TI  - Dopamine receptor modulation by conformationally constrained analogues of Pro-Leu
      Gly-NH2.
AB  - Two series of conformationally constrained analogues of Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2 (PLG)
      have been synthesized. In one series of analogues, the Leu-Gly-NH2 dipeptide
      segment of PLG was replaced with the gamma-lactam residues 3(S)- and 3(R)-amino-2
      oxopyrrolidineacetamide and the delta-lactam residue 3(S)-amino-2
      oxopiperidineacetamide. The corresponding gamma-lactam analogues of less than Glu
      Leu-Gly-NH2 were also synthesized. In a second series of analogues, the
      glycinamide residue of PLG was replaced with the 2-ketopiperazine, 3(S)-amino-2
      pyrrolidone, and 3(S)-amino-2-piperidone residues. The above analogues were
      tested for their ability to enhance the binding of the dopamine receptor agonist
      2-amino-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene (ADTN) to striatal dopamine
      receptors. Of the conformationally constrained analogues of PLG synthesized in
      this study, only the gamma-lactam analogue 3(R)-(N-L-prolylamino)-2-oxo-1
      pyrrolidineacetamide (3) was found to possess significant activity. This analogue
      was 10,000 times more active than PLG, under preincubation conditions. It
      significantly enhanced the binding of ADTN at concentrations of 10(-9) and 10(
      10) M.

PMID- 3385735
TI  - Affinity and selectivity of the optical isomers of 3-quinuclidinyl benzilate and
      related muscarinic antagonists.
AB  - All of the optical isomers of the muscarinic antagonists 3-(1
      azabicyclo[2.2.2]octyl) alpha-hydroxy-alpha,alpha-diphenylacetate (3
      quinuclidinyl benzilate, QNB, 1) 3-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octyl) xanthene-9
      carboxylate (3-quinuclidinyl xanthene-9-carboxylate, QNX, 2), and 3-(1
      azabicyclo[2.2.2]ocytl) alpha-hydroxy-alpha-phenylpropionate (3-quinuclidinyl
      atrolactate, QNA, 3) were prepared and studied in binding and functional assays.
      In all instances the esters of (R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-ol (3
      quinuclidinol) had greater affinity for the M1 and M2 subpopulations of
      muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (M-AChRs) than did their S counterparts. The
      enantiomers of QNB (1), QNX (2), and QNA (3) in which the alcoholic portion of
      the muscarinic antagonists had the S absolute stereochemistry were more selective
      for the M1-AChRs. This selectivity was modulated by the nature and, in the case
      of QNA, the chirality of the acid portion. The most potent isomer in the series
      was (R)-QNB. In the QNA series the diastereoisomer with the absolute R
      configuration of the alcohol (a) and the R configuration of the acid (b) was the
      most potent in both binding and functional assays whereas (Sa,Rb)-QNA was the
      most selective for the M1 subtype of M-AChRs. In fact, the latter diastereomer
      was as potent and selective as pirenzepine for M1-AChRs.

PMID- 3385736
TI  - Synthesis and estrogen receptor selectivity of 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(p
      halophenyl)ethylenes.
AB  - A series of triarylethylenes (1a-e) were synthesized and evaluated for their
      ability to compete with [3H]estradiol for high-affinity estrogen receptors (ER)
      in immature rat uterine cytosol. All compounds showed affinity comparable to that
      of estradiol, with 1c having the highest affinity and the lowest calculated
      nonspecific binding of the para-halogenated members. Compound 1a had a higher
      affinity than did its chlorovinyl counterpart 1b, indicating that a vinyl
      hydrogen was suitable for high ER affinity in this series. Compound 1c was
      labeled with 3H ortho to one or both of its hydroxyls. Its ratio of specific to
      nonspecific binding in rat uterine cytosol, 3.2, was 140% of that of a related
      triarylethylene, 4-hydroxytamoxifen, and was 24% that of estradiol.
      Administration of [3H]-1c to immature female rats resulted in accumulation of 3H
      in uterine tissue which was decreased 39% when [3H]-1c was coadministered with
      estradiol. The major site of accumulation 1, 4, and 8 h after administration was
      in the intestinal tract. Chromatographic analysis showed that levels of 1c were
      less than those of 1c glucuronide in blood plasma, liver, and intestinal contents
      of rats 1 h after administration of 1c. Uterine 3H was comprised of 85% of 1c and
      11% of 1c glucuronide. These results indicate that 1c undergoes ER-mediated
      uptake in the immature female rat, but selectivity is reduced due to nonspecific
      accumulation of free and conjugated 1c in uterine tissue.

PMID- 3385737
TI  - Screening for fetal and genetic abnormality: social and ethical issues.

PMID- 3385738
TI  - Screening for fetal and genetic abnormality: social and ethical issues.
AB  - In answer to questions raised by practitioners, an ethics of genetic screening is
      located in a tension between liberty and responsibility in three respects: (1) to
      nature and biological processes; (2) to the disposal of human life; and (3) to
      the relation of persons to society. Under (1), the obligation to pursue research,
      fundamental as well as applied, is affirmed, offering the benefit of economy with
      fetal life, but requiring discrimination between the beneficial, the trivial, and
      the bizarre. Under (2) the abortion question, when relevant to diagnosed
      abnormality, is discussed, not in the language of conflicting rights, but of the
      relation of duties to interests. Under (3) the familial and social dimensions of
      screening raise questions of the disclosure of information and the keeping or
      extending of confidences. Last comes the value placed on truth in two related
      areas of developing practice. In infertility treatment, the donors of gametes are
      required to remain anonymous. Gene tracing through families requires for its
      effectiveness some correspondence between assumed identity and genetic identity.
      This conflict of social policies should be resolved.

PMID- 3385739
TI  - Sorsby syndrome: a report on further generations of the original family.
AB  - Sorsby syndrome is a dominantly inherited combination of bilateral macular
      colobomas and apical dystrophy of the hands and feet (brachydactyly type B). We
      report on a further three affected members of the family originally described by
      Sorsby. Two of these have a single kidney, two have hearing loss, and one has a
      uterine anomaly.

PMID- 3385740
TI  - Intrafamilial clinical variability of type 1 Gaucher disease in a French-Canadian
      family.
AB  - Glucocerebroside beta-glucosidase (glucocerebrosidase) activity was determined
      from peripheral blood lymphocytes and cultured skin fibroblasts of eight full
      sibs in a French-Canadian family at risk for Gaucher disease, an autosomal
      recessive sphingolipidosis resulting from deficient glucocerebrosidase activity.
      The diagnosis of type 1, non-neuronopathic Gaucher disease was made in all of the
      five affected sibs on the basis of deficient (7.5 to 15.5% of control mean)
      glucocerebrosidase activity and absence of neurological involvement. Normal
      levels of enzyme activity were found in two of the three asymptomatic sibs. The
      third asymptomatic sib had an intermediate level (about 50% of control mean) of
      fibroblast and lymphocyte glucocerebrosidase activity, indicating that he is a
      carrier. Considerable clinical heterogeneity was noted among the five affected
      sibs. One patient is mildly affected and so far has not developed any orthopaedic
      complications associated with Gaucher disease. His haematological complications
      were also reversed after splenectomy 24 years ago. In contrast to this mild
      presentation, the patient's splenectomised sister has been very anaemic and
      thrombocytopenic. There have been severe orthopaedic complications associated
      with Gaucher disease, including vertebral compression, avascular necrosis, and
      pathological fracture of the long bones. The clinical picture of the other three
      affected sibs appeared to vary between the two extremes. Although the
      asymptomatic parents of the patients died many years ago, their heterozygous
      status with respect to Gaucher disease can be deduced by the presence of Gaucher
      homozygotes, normal homozygotes, and one heterozygote among their eight
      offspring. Present findings suggest that the clinical variability of type 1
      Gaucher disease may be attributed to variable expressions of the same Gaucher
      mutant alleles, in addition to the presence of multiple mutant alleles that are
      widely disseminated in the population.

PMID- 3385741
TI  - The acrocallosal syndrome in first cousins: widening of the spectrum of clinical
      features and further support for autosomal recessive inheritance.
AB  - First cousins, related through their mothers, showed a pattern of craniofacial,
      brain, and limb anomalies consistent with the acrocallosal syndrome. Both
      patients had a defect of the corpus callosum, macrocephaly with a protruding
      forehead and occiput, hypertelorism, non-horizontal palpebral fissures, a small
      nose, notched ear lobes, and postaxial polydactyly of the hands. The boy, in
      addition, had hypospadias, cryptorchidism, inguinal hernias, duplication with
      syndactyly of the phalanges of the big toe, and a bipartite right clavicle. The
      girl had an arachnoidal cyst, a calvarian defect, and digitalisation of the
      thumbs. Motor and mental development was retarded in both patients. This
      observation provides further evidence of probable autosomal recessive inheritance
      of the acrocallosal syndrome and widens the spectrum of clinical findings and the
      variability of features in this rare malformation syndrome.

PMID- 3385742
TI  - Non-opposable triphalangeal thumb in an Italian family.
AB  - This report describes a family with bilateral non-opposable triphalangeal thumb,
      bringing to two the number of families with this autosomal dominant disorder.

PMID- 3385743
TI  - A lethal short rib syndrome without polydactyly.
AB  - A female infant is described with a lethal short rib syndrome, similar to a form
      of short rib-polydactyly syndrome but without polydactyly. It is felt that this
      infant has the same condition as that described by Beemer et al.

PMID- 3385744
TI  - Intrauterine death in megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome.
AB  - Megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome is an uncommon
      condition, possibly inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. This report
      describes an affected sib pair with intrauterine death of one of the sibs.

PMID- 3385745
TI  - Lethal osteogenesis imperfecta associated with 46,XY,inv(7)(p13q22) karyotype.
AB  - An infant who died of complications of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) at 22 days of
      age had a 46,XY,inv(7)(p13q22) karyotype. His mother carried the same inversion.
      One breakpoint of the inversion was within the region of the gene for alpha 2(I)
      procollagen. The product of this gene is a component of type I collagen, the
      principal collagen synthesised by osteoblasts. Karyotypic abnormalities involving
      type I collagen gene sites have not previously been reported in association with
      OI.

PMID- 3385746
TI  - Absence of a vagina and right sided adnexa uteri in the Waardenburg syndrome: a
      possible clue to the embryological defect.
AB  - An 18 year old single Jewish woman with the Waardenburg syndrome and absence of a
      vagina and right sided adnexa uteri is reported. Other congenital malformations
      associated with the Waardenburg syndrome are mentioned and it is postulated that
      they may be the result of an altered invasion of neurones or altered neurones in
      certain organ systems early in embryogenesis.

PMID- 3385747
TI  - Trisomy 3 mosaicism in a patient with Bartter syndrome.

PMID- 3385748
TI  - Comparison of graduates of regular curriculum and unified basic-science-clinical
      curriculum.
AB  - The purpose of the study reported here was to identify differences between
      graduates who were in different curricula at Loyola University of Chicago Stritch
      School of Medicine. The physicians who had been in the special track, which
      combined the basic and clinical sciences throughout the program, chose
      specialties in family practice and psychiatry more than the regular track
      students and more often were salaried. One-third of those in the special
      curriculum felt the greatest strength of their medical school training was the
      preparation for independent learning, and a majority viewed a practice in which
      there were uncertainties in diagnosis as desirable. The traditional program
      graduate preferred to deal with cases in which important decisions had to be made
      rapidly and the effects of treatment could be immediately addressed. The two
      groups disagreed as to who should have major control of health care, on issues of
      peer review in the office, and on the emphasis physicians should give preventive
      care.

PMID- 3385749
TI  - A model to evaluate whether a community can support a physician.
AB  - A major concern to the rural citizens of the United States is the availability of
      health care in their community. Community leaders and physicians considering
      locating in rural communities need a method by which they can evaluate a
      community's potential for supporting a physician. A detailed survey was conducted
      in 1986 of 25 physicians' practices in rural Oklahoma. Data were collected from
      the physicians on their number of patient visits and practice costs in 1985.
      Using this information, the authors designed a model to project the economic
      feasibility of establishing a physician practice in a specific community. This
      model can be used to project the number of physician visits a community can
      generate, the costs to establish and maintain a clinic, and the gross and net
      income of the practice.

PMID- 3385750
TI  - A program using medical students to teach high school students about AIDS.
AB  - In the spring of 1987, 20 medical students from the Eastern Virginia Medical
      School of the Medical College of Hampton Roads were involved in a pilot program
      to teach about the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) to high school
      senior students in Norfolk, Virginia. The medical students received instruction
      about AIDS from basic science and clinical faculty members at the medical school
      in preparation for the project. All participating high school seniors completed a
      15-item knowledge test about AIDS prior to the intervention and an equivalent
      posttest one week after the program was completed. T-test analysis revealed a
      significant increase in knowledge by students at all five high schools. Responses
      to 10 subjective posttest questions indicated that the high school students were
      interested in learning about AIDS and having medical students as their teachers.
      This program provides an example of how medical institutions can develop a
      collaborative community education project that contributes to the education of
      medical students.

PMID- 3385751
TI  - Survey of women physicians on issues relating to pregnancy during a medical
      career.
AB  - Many women in medical training want to combine a family life and a career. Of
      major interest to these women is determining the most desirable time for
      pregnancy during their medical education and career. The results of a study on
      women physicians' timing of pregnancy are reported. A 53 percent response rate
      was obtained in a randomized national survey of women physicians who had
      completed residency training and were less than 50 years of age. Their first
      pregnancies (of which 77 percent were planned) occurred as follows: prior to
      medical school, 4 percent; during medical school, 7 percent; in first year as
      house officer, 11 percent; in other residency year, 32 percent; in fellowship
      year(s), 13 percent; in practice, 28 percent, on leave or other, 5 percent.
      Seventy percent of the respondents considered "after completion of residency" to
      be the best time to become pregnant. Sixty percent of the respondents' maternity
      leaves were six weeks or less in duration. Seventeen percent required some
      medical leave before delivery, although only 5 percent required more than eight
      weeks of medical leave. Only a third reported that their training or work sites
      had maternity leave policies. Ninety-one percent of the respondents reported
      satisfaction in their careers.

PMID- 3385752
TI  - A program to help interns cope with stresses in an internal medicine residency.
AB  - A program in personal and professional development for interns was developed six
      years ago for the residency program in internal medicine of the University of
      Connecticut Affiliated Hospitals to reduce maladaptive responses to the stresses
      of medical training. The principal goals of the program are to provide a
      supportive atmosphere in which interns can discuss common concerns, build mutual
      trust among themselves, promote deeper self-understanding and sensitivity,
      develop coping strategies, and examine difficult situations in training. Sessions
      are scheduled regularly throughout the year and take place outside the hospital;
      interns are excused from their service responsibilities for the duration of the
      meeting. Participants focus equally on issues of professional concern (for
      example, relationships with staff members, peers, and attending physicians or
      bureaucratic problems such as lack of ancillary help) and personal concern (for
      example, making necessary life-style adjustments and handling family crises). A
      variety of techniques are used in the program, but small-group discussions and
      individual tasks are particularly emphasized. Participants have generally
      reported satisfaction with the program and positive effects upon their behavior
      at work and at home.

PMID- 3385753
TI  - Use of the competing-hypotheses heuristic to reduce 'pseudodiagnosticity'.
AB  - A quasiexperimental research design involving a nonequivalent control group was
      used to examine the efficacy of a brief educational intervention in teaching
      medical students to select optimal diagnostic data consistent with the competing
      hypotheses heuristic and Bayes' theorem when solving clinical problems. There was
      no significant difference between intervention (n = 119) and control (n = 89)
      groups in performance at baseline, but the intervention group performed
      significantly better (p less than .001) than the control group after training.
      The results suggest that some problem-solving skills, such as learning to use the
      competing-hypotheses heuristic, can be enhanced or learned independent of the
      acquisition of content knowledge.

PMID- 3385754
TI  - Teaching social sciences in the clinical years through psychosocial conferences.
AB  - A program for teaching the social sciences in the clinical years in medical
      school is described. This program focuses on psychosocial conferences (PSC) held
      during the clerkships in internal medicine, pediatrics, and surgery. The aim of
      the PSC is the integration of the knowledge and skills imparted in the
      preclinical social sciences curriculum with the students' clinical experiences.
      PSC teaching includes tutorial guidance throughout the student's preparation of a
      case presentation in which psychological, sociological, and anthropological
      aspects of the patients' coping with illness and the patient-physician
      interrelationship are emphasized.

PMID- 3385755
TI  - An elective course for first-year students based on the New England Journal of
      Medicine.

PMID- 3385756
TI  - A scale to measure house staff members' attitudes toward psychosocial aspects of
      patient care.

PMID- 3385758
TI  - A study of the reading habits of fourth-year medical students.

PMID- 3385757
TI  - Evaluation of the effectiveness of teaching interview skills to first-year
      medical students.

PMID- 3385759
TI  - Evaluation of a nutrition education program for family practice residents.

PMID- 3385760
TI  - A radiology elective for internal medicine residents.

PMID- 3385761
TI  - The medical profession's duty to HIV-infected persons.

PMID- 3385762
TI  - Combined B.S.-M.D. programs.

PMID- 3385763
TI  - Continuity of care.

PMID- 3385764
TI  - Professional responsibility in treating AIDS patients. Statement of the
      Association of American Medical Colleges.

PMID- 3385765
TI  - Evidence for cross-infection in an outbreak of Clostridium difficile-associated
      diarrhoea in a surgical unit.
AB  - Environmental studies were performed in a hospital outbreak of Clostridium
      difficile-associated diarrhoea. Transmission was associated with the sluice room
      and the storage room where medical equipment was found to be contaminated with
      C.difficile. Typing of isolates by antibiotic-susceptibility patterns and
      profiles of EDTA-extracted proteins showed the presence of an "epidemic" strain
      common to the majority of patients and environmental sites. Control of the
      outbreak was achieved by improvement of environmental hygiene and use of
      disposable equipment.

PMID- 3385766
TI  - Enterotoxigenicity of chicken isolates of Campylobacter jejuni in ligated ileal
      loops of rats.
AB  - Ligated ileal loops in rats of the Charles-Foster strain, weighing 200-250 g and
      aged 7-8 months, provided a sensitive and reproducible means of testing the
      enterotoxigenicity of Campylobacter jejuni. All of 16 chicken isolates caused
      fluid accumulation comparable to that produced by toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1,
      strain 569B. However, 11 of the isolates required one to three consecutive
      passages through the rat gut before doing so. The amount of fluid produced
      increased after each passage. Of three culture media tested, brucella broth of pH
      6.7 supported the highest degree of enterotoxigenesis. Filtrates of cultures of
      all 16 chicken isolates in this medium were as effective as viable C. jejuni in
      producing fluid in ileal loops. The enterotoxin was neutralised completely by
      cholera antitoxin diluted 1 in 160, indicating its close immunobiological
      relationship to cholera toxin.

PMID- 3385767
TI  - Cytotoxic activity in broth-culture filtrates of Campylobacter pylori.
AB  - Broth-culture filtrates of Campylobacter pylori induced non-lethal cytopathic
      effects in vitro in 7 of 9 mammalian cell lines tested. Transmission
      electronmicroscopy revealed that the response consisted of intracellular
      vacuolisation. Intestine 407 cells were among the most responsive and were used
      for routine assay. About 55% of isolates of C. pylori tested, originating from
      four geographic regions worldwide, produced cytotoxic activity. The activity was
      neutralisable by specific antisera to broth-culture filtrates or to sonicated
      bacteria but not by antisera to other bacterial preparations. Cytotoxic activity
      was heat-labile (70 degrees C for 30 min), was protease-sensitive and ammonium
      sulphate precipitable. It did not pass through an ultrafiltration membrane with a
      nominal mol.-wt limit of 100 X 10(3). It was concluded that C. pylori can produce
      a factor that alters cultured cells in vitro. The relevance of this factor to the
      pathogenesis of gastritis associated with C. pylori remains to be determined.

PMID- 3385768
TI  - 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor (AA-861) attenuates neutrophil-mediated oxidative stress
      on the venular endothelium in endotoxemia.
AB  - Neutrophil-mediated oxidative stress on the rat mesenteric microcirculation was
      studied in the experimental model of endotoxin-induced disseminated intravascular
      coagulation (DIC) by using an intravital fluorescent microscope equipped with a
      Silicon Intensifier Target Image Tube camera and luminol-dependent
      chemiluminescence (ChL) analysis. Leukocytes adhering to the venules were
      visualized by the injection of acridine orange, a fluorochrome tracer which shows
      high affinity to white cells. Endotoxin (E. coli, O-111 B4) was administered
      intravenously at a dose of 2 mg/kg/hour. After starting the infusion of
      endotoxin, the number of adherent cells gradually increased in the venular
      endothelium and was followed by a transient neutropenia. ChL activities from
      neutrophils were also significantly elevated, which may reflect the enhanced
      ability to generate oxygen-radicals. To elucidate the role of 5-lipoxygenase
      products in the locomotive and metabolic changes of neutrophils, the effects of
      AA-861, a specific inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase was tested. In addition
      prednisolone and indomethacin were evaluated. AA-861 and prednisolone reduced
      neutropenia, leukocyte adhesion to the venular walls and ChL activities from
      neutrophils. It was concluded that 5-lipoxygenase may modulate neutrophil
      mediated oxidative stress on microvasculature in endotoxin-induced DIC.

PMID- 3385771
TI  - A burning issue: attitudes towards environmental tobacco smoke.

PMID- 3385770
TI  - Mediated uptake of folate by a high-affinity binding protein in sublines of L1210
      cells adapted to nanomolar concentrations of folate.
AB  - An L1210 cell line (JT-1), which can grow in medium supplemented with 1 nM
      folate, has been isolated. These cells exhibit a slower growth rate than folate
      replete parental cells and have a lower ability to transport folate or
      methotrexate via the reduced folate transport system. Measurements at nanomolar
      concentrations of folate revealed that the adapted cells have acquired a high
      affinity folate-binding protein. Binding to this component at 37 degrees C was
      rapid and reached a maximum value after 30 min which corresponded in amount to
      0.23 +/- 0.3 pmol/mg protein, and excess unlabeled folate added 30 min subsequent
      to the [3H]folate led to a rapid release of the bound substrate. Radioactivity
      bound to or released from the cells after 30 min at 37 degrees C remained as
      unmetabolized folic acid. Binding was also rapid at 0 degrees C but uptake at the
      plateau was only one-half the value obtained at 37 degrees C. Half-maximal
      saturation of the binding component (KD) occurred at a folate concentration of
      0.065 nM at pH 7.4, while the affinity for folate decreased 30-fold when the pH
      was reduced to 6.2 (KD = 2.0 nM). 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate was also bound by this
      component (Ki = 13 nM at pH 7.4) but with a much lower affinity than for folate,
      while progressively weaker interactions were observed with 5
      formyltetrahydrofolate (Ki = 45 nM) and methotrexate (Ki = 325 nM). When the same
      adaptation procedure was performed with limiting amounts of 5
      formyltetrahydrofolate, two additional cell lines, JT-2 and JT-3, were isolated
      which expressed elevated levels of the folate-binding protein. The binding
      activity of the latter cells was 0.46 and 1.4 pmol/mg protein, respectively. When
      the level of binding protein was compared in cells grown at different
      concentrations of folate, an increase in medium folate from 1 to 500 nM caused a
      sevenfold reduction in binding activity in the JT-3 cell line, while these same
      growth conditions had no effect on binding by the other cells. These results
      indicate that L1210 cells adapted to low concentrations of folate or 5
      formyltetrahydrofolate contain elevated levels of a high-affinity binding protein
      and that this protein is able to mediate the intracellular accumulation of folate
      compounds. L1210 cells thus appear to have two potential uptake routes for folate
      compounds, the previously characterized anion-exchange system and a second route
      mediated by a high-affinity binding protein.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3385769
TI  - Ionic and permeability requirements for exocytosis in vitro in sea urchin eggs.
AB  - We study exocytosis in the planar isolated cortex of the egg of the sea urchin
      Lytechinus pictus. Solutions bathing the exocytotic apparatus need not contain
      appreciable amounts of ions: fusion follows addition of submicromolar calcium to
      solutions containing only nonelectrolyte. We examine the effects of altering the
      granule membrane permeability to small molecules with ionophores and digitonin.
      Introducing holes in the secretory granule membrane to the extent of allowing
      free passage of small molecules does not cause secretion in vitro. We add the
      amphipathic compound digitonin at 12 to 15 microM concentrations and demonstrate
      that the granule membrane can become permeable to lucifer yellow, yet that
      granules remain intact. Granules still undergo exocytosis after digitonin
      treatment at such concentrations upon subsequent addition of calcium. Higher
      concentrations of digitonin lead to granule content swelling and vesicle
      bursting. We conclude that cortical granule hydration during exocytosis is not
      mediated by small ionic channels.

PMID- 3385772
TI  - Professionalism under siege.

PMID- 3385773
TI  - Morphology of the kidney of adult bowfin, Amia calva, with emphasis on "renal
      chloride cells" in the tubule.
AB  - The nephron of adult bowfin, Amia calva, was described using light and electron
      microscopic techniques. The kidney of the bowfin possesses an abundant supply of
      renal corpuscles with each consisting of a glomerulus and a Bowman's capsule of
      visceral (podocyte) and parietal layers. No juxtaglomerular apparatus is present.
      The epithelium of the tubule is continuous with the parietal epithelium and is
      divisible in descending order into neck, first proximal, second proximal, first
      distal, second distal, and collecting segments. The tubules drain into a complex
      system of collecting ducts that ultimately unite with the main excretory duct,
      the archinephric duct. Mucous cells are the dominant cell throughout the entire
      ductular system. Nephrostomes are dispersed along the kidney capsule. The neck
      segment has a ciliated epithelium, and while both proximal segments possess a
      prominent brush border, the fine structure of the first implies involvement in
      protein absorption and the second in the transport and reabsorption of solutes.
      The cells of the first distal segment are characterized by deep infolding of the
      plasma membrane and a rich supply of mitochondria suggesting the presence of a
      mechanism for ion transport. The second distal segment is composed of cells
      resembling the chloride cells of fishes and these cells are present in
      progressively decreasing numbers in the collecting segment and duct system so
      that only a few are present in the epithelium of the archinephric duct. The
      "renal chloride cells" possess an abundant network of smooth tubules and numerous
      mitochondria with a rich supply of cristae. Glycogen is also a conspicuous
      component of these cells. The presence of "renal chloride cells" in this
      freshwater holostean, in other relatively primitive freshwater teleosts, and in
      larval and adult lampreys is discussed with reference to both phylogeny and the
      need for a special mechanism for renal ion conservation through absorption.

PMID- 3385774
TI  - Form and function of the tongue in agamid lizards with comments on its
      phylogenetic significance.
AB  - The morphology of the tongue of agamid lizards is reviewed and discussed in the
      context of its functional and phylogenetic significance. It is shown that in
      several features, including the development of the central musculature of the
      tongue into a ring muscle and the presence of a genioglossus internus muscle in
      adults, the tongue in most agamids is derived relative to that in other
      squamates. In some features, such as the vertical connective tissue septa,
      agamids share primitive features with Sphenodon. Some conditions found in agamids
      are also found in anoline iguanids. Two genera, Uromastyx and Leiolepis, differ
      significantly from other agamids in intrinsic tongue musculature. The functional
      significance of the unique tongue morphology is that agamids utilize a different
      mechanism of tongue protrusion from that of other lizards. This mechanism
      involves the production of force against the lingual process, leading to an
      anterior slide of the tongue, and is detailed in this paper. Finally, I discuss
      the mechanical basis for the transformation series of tongue protrusion
      mechanisms from agamids to chamaeleonids. It is suggested that the mechanism of
      tongue protrusion in chamaeleonids is not unique, but is a highly derived state
      of the condition found in agamids.

PMID- 3385775
TI  - Intercellular bridges and factors determining their patterns in the grasshopper
      testis.
AB  - Intercellular bridges joining cells contained in cysts of Chortophaga
      viridifasciata testes were studied with light and electron microscopy.
      Preparations consisted of expressed whole cells (living, or fixed and stained) as
      well as sections. The secondary spermatogonia of each cyst are joined centrally
      by persisting fused interzonal bodies (fusomes) of incompletely cleaved cells.
      Shifts in cell orientation during anaphase are apparently responsible for central
      as opposed to chain linkage of cells. In the primary spermatocytes, the central
      fusome is replaced by a chain linkage, apparently resulting from the breakdown of
      the fusome into its original interzonal body components. Intercellular bridges
      are also present in spermatids, but there is no evidence to indicate the time of
      their formation (in the immediately preceding meiotic divisions or in the
      secondary spermatogonial divisions). The function of the compact centrally
      situated fusome in the secondary spermatogonial cyst is discussed as it relates
      to synchrony, number of cell divisions, spermatodesm formation, and fertility.

PMID- 3385776
TI  - Fine structure of larval malpighian tubules and rectal sac in the tick
      Ornithodoros (Pavlovskyella) erraticus (Ixodoidea: Argasidae).
AB  - The fine structure of the Malpighian tubules (Mts) and rectal sac (rs) is
      described in the larval tick Ornithodoros (Pavlovskyella) erraticus before and
      after feeding up to molting. Mts consist of structurally different pyramidal and
      cuboidal cells along the entire length of the tubule. In unfed ticks, the two
      types of cell are characterized by apical microvilli and a few basal membrane
      infoldings. The abundant pyramidal cells contain glycogen particles, lipid
      droplets, lysosomelike structures, and rickettsialike microorganisms. After
      feeding but before molting, pyramidal cells loose glycogen particles and become
      very dense and dramatically reduced in size. These cells are possibly involved in
      the formation of guanine crystalloids as an excretory product. In contrast,
      cuboidal cells, filled with glycogen particles, free ribosomes, and mitochondria
      in unfed larvae, grow steadily after feeding; their cytoplasm becomes rich in
      lipid droplets in addition to showing an increase in glycogen particles. Lipid
      and glycogen could be the source of energy required for water and ion
      reabsorption in which cuboidal cells are probably involved. The paired-lobe rs
      consists of one type of cuboidal cells with basal membrane infoldings and a brush
      border microvilli covered by a fuzzy coat of glycocalyx. These cells grow rapidly
      after feeding; they have functional features indicating extensive, selective
      reabsorption of essential components from excretory products.

PMID- 3385777
TI  - The cephalic vascular anatomy of three species of sea snakes.
AB  - The primary and secondary elements of the cephalic vascular system in some sea
      snakes are similar to those of the generalized ophidian pattern. The three
      species examined in this study revealed only minor variations in vascular
      morphology; these variations appear to be correlated with myological differences
      among the three species. For example, in Hydrophis melanocephalus it appears that
      the depressor mandibulae artery is displaced by the cranially expanded insertion
      of the semi-spinalis and spinalis muscles. A preliminary hypothesis is put forth
      that explains the apparent constancy of the cephalic vascular system of ophidians
      in terms of possible constraints due to cranial kinesis.

PMID- 3385778
TI  - The cleavage pattern in the leech Theromyzon tessulatum (Hirudinea,
      Glossiphoniidae).
AB  - In order to evaluate the differences in the cleavage patterns of the
      glossiphoniid leeches Glossiphonia complanata and Theromyzon tessulatum,
      previously studied by Muller ('32) and Schmidt ('17, '41), the cleavage of
      Theromyzon tessulatum was reexamined. For the period of the first 29 hours of
      development embryos were observed, photographed, and serially sectioned for light
      microscopy at each developmental stage. The exact cell lineage until completion
      of teloblast formation is reported. Besides some other not previously reported
      features, we show that the mesoteloblast precursor cell in the glossiphoniid
      leeches, as probably in most Annelida, is not the cell 3D, but cell 4d formed by
      an additional division of cell 3D. The results further indicate that all
      glossiphoniid leeches likely share a common cleavage pattern, and that major
      differences between Glossiphonia complanata and Theromyzon tessulatum do not
      exist. A comparison between the cleavage patterns of some Oligochaeta and
      Hirudinea is made, and plesiomorphic characters in the cleavage of a clitellate
      ancestor species and their deviations in present day species are discussed.

PMID- 3385779
TI  - Drug screening and biological systems.

PMID- 3385780
TI  - Evidence that glutathione may determine the differential cell-cycle phase
      toxicity of a platinum (IV) antitumor agent.
AB  - Intracellular thiol group concentrations were monitored during the cell cycle of
      synchronous cultured Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Cyclic fluctuations in
      nonprotein thiol levels were observed that correlated with a cyclic change in
      cellular sensitivity to the platinum-based chemotherapy drug iproplatin (CHIP).
      Intracellular protein-bound nonprotein disulfide concentrations were inversely
      related to nonprotein thiol levels. Protein-bound thiol groups varied in
      concentration during the cell cycle, but the cyclic pattern did not relate to
      changes in nonprotein thiol to disulfide groups or to cellular sensitivity to
      CHIP toxicity. Cultured CHO cells were depleted of intracellular glutathione
      (GSH) with the use of buthionine sulfoximine. These cells were significantly more
      sensitive to CHIP toxicity than were control cultures. In addition, although
      control synchronous CHO cells showed considerable differential cell-cycle phase
      sensitivity to treatment with CHIP, the sensitivity of GSH-depleted synchronous
      cells did not alter during the cell cycle.

PMID- 3385781
TI  - Combination cytotoxic chemotherapy with cisplatin or doxorubicin and photodynamic
      therapy in murine tumors.
AB  - This study was designed to evaluate the interaction of photodynamic therapy (PDT)
      and chemotherapy in an animal model. PDT is based on the interaction of
      hematoporphyrin derivative and red light of the appropriate wavelength (630 nm)
      and intensity. Two tumor models were utilized: C3H/Km mice bearing the RIF-1
      tumor and BALB/c mice bearing the EMT-6 tumor. Tumor-bearing mice were treated
      with either cisplatin (DDP), doxorubicin (ADM), PDT, or a combination of drug and
      PDT. It was demonstrated that the RIF-1 tumor was sensitive to DDP and
      insensitive to both PDT and ADM. There was no additional antitumor effect when
      either drug was combined with PDT. The EMT-6 tumor was moderately sensitive to
      PDT and mildly sensitive to both DDP and ADM. Although the addition of DDP did
      not potentiate tumor destruction, the addition of ADM significantly enhanced the
      effect of PDT (P = .01). The enhanced activity of the combination of PDT and ADM
      appeared to be the result of increased activity of ADM alone, when illuminated
      with red (630 nm) light. This potentiation may be due to a photochemical process
      or may be secondary to the mild hyperthermia generated by illumination with the
      laser. This study demonstrates that PDT combined with cytotoxic chemotherapy is
      well tolerated in these animals and that certain combinations of PDT and
      chemotherapy may result in an enhanced tumoricidal effect.

PMID- 3385783
TI  - Are cell number and cell proliferation risk factors for cancer?
AB  - Relatively little is known about the mechanisms underlying carcinogenesis in
      humans. Caloric restriction strongly inhibits the development of neoplasia in
      rodents, and there is evidence of a positive relationship between cancer and body
      weight in humans. Caloric restriction early in life is also known to permanently
      diminish organ cellularity. A recent link between adult stature and cancer
      incidence similarly implicates a lasting effect for growth and possibly for early
      nutrition in carcinogenesis. It is postulated that cancer risk is proportional to
      the number of proliferating cells, which in turn depends on both the number of
      cells and the rate of cell division within the tissue. This hypothesis is
      consistent with several aspects of human carcinogenesis, including multistage
      models and the epithelial origin of most cancers.

PMID- 3385782
TI  - Effects of hydralazine-induced vasodilation on the energy metabolism of murine
      tumors studied by in vivo 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
AB  - The effects of hydralazine on tumor energy metabolism and on some cardiovascular
      parameters were measured. Tumor energy metabolism was studied in C3Hf/Sed mice
      with isotransplants of a spontaneous murine fibrosarcoma (FSaII, congruent to 100
      mm3 in volume) and 31P-NMR. Cardiovascular parameters were measured in
      anesthetized C3Hf/Sed mice via intracarotid catheter. Hydralazine doses of 0.25
      mg/kg given ip caused an increase of the phosphocreatine to inorganic phosphate
      ratio (PCr: Pi) in 5 of 6 animals. These doses had minimal effects on mean
      arterial blood pressure, though there may have been an increased cardiac output
      due to a decreased afterload. Hydralazine doses greater than or equal to 2.0
      mg/kg given ip were associated with a decrease in PCr, nucleotide triphosphate,
      and pH, and an increase in Pi (P less than .01 for control vs. 10 mg
      hydralazine/kg). This substantial decrease in high-energy phosphates was
      associated with a pronounced decrement in mean arterial blood pressure. These
      findings provide a rational basis for the study in experimental systems of
      hydralazine-induced enhancement of cell killing by hyperthermia and by agents
      toxic to hypoxic cells. Further, these results can be taken as a sign that
      hydralazine should be used with care in patients undergoing radiation treatment.

PMID- 3385784
TI  - Calculating tumor regression.

PMID- 3385785
TI  - Terbutaline metered-dose inhalation vs metaproterenol by hand-held nebulization:
      a comparison in black inner-city COPD patients.
AB  - A greater percentage of the inner-city black population suffers from chronic
      obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) than does the white population in general.
      Urban black patients are also more likely than urban white patients to receive
      primary care for their COPD symptoms in area emergency rooms, which can affect
      the resources available for medical care in these institutions. The present study
      compared the standard of therapy at Provident Medical Center, metaproterenol,
      administered by a hand-held nebulizer (HHN), with therapy using terbutaline,
      administered by a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) with a spacer, in 60 black patients
      with mild to moderate respiratory distress.Measurements of peak expiratory flow
      rates before and after therapy indicated that both methods of treatment provided
      similar relief. The terbutaline MDI modality, however, required less equipment
      and therapist time, and patients could continue the same therapy at home. All 60
      patients were sent home on terbutaline MDI therapy. Follow-up by questionnaire,
      two to three weeks later, showed 95 percent of 36 respondents preferred the
      terbutaline MDI with spacer compared with their previous therapy.

PMID- 3385786
TI  - Interracial differences in sex-steroid receptor status of breast cancers.
AB  - Fifty-three consecutive patients were studied to determine whether significant
      racial differences in estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR)
      status existed. Unexpectedly, a significant difference was found between the
      percentages of premenopausal black and white women expressing ER-positivity (ie,
      100 percent black women vs 60 percent white women; P <0.05). No significant
      differences were found between the races in respect to tumor stage, tumor size,
      tumor differentiation, absolute or mean ER and PR values. These findings differ
      from previously reported studies and suggest that patients of similar
      socioeconomic status do not demonstrate ER and PR differences based on race
      alone. Further prospective studies are indicated.

PMID- 3385788
TI  - Medical and safety reforms in boxing.
AB  - The continued existence of boxing as an accepted sport in civilized society has
      been long debated. The position of the American Medical Association (AMA) has
      evolved from promoting increased safety and medical reform to recommending total
      abolition of both amateur and professional boxing. In response to the AMA
      opposition to boxing, the boxing community has attempted to increase the
      safeguards in amateur and professional boxing.The United States of America
      Amateur Boxing Federation, which is the national regulatory agency for all
      amateur boxing in the United States, has taken several actions to prevent the
      occurrence of acute brain injury and is currently conducting epidemiologic
      studies to assess the long-term neuropsychologic consequences of amateur boxing.
      In professional boxing, state regulatory agencies such as the New York State
      Athletic Commission have introduced several medical interventions to prevent and
      reduce neurologic injury. The lack of a national regulatory agency to govern
      professional boxing has stimulated the formation of the Association of Boxing
      Commissions and potential legislation for the federal regulation of professional
      boxing by a federally chartered organization called the United States Boxing
      Commission. The AMA's opposition to boxing and the medical and safety reforms
      implemented by the proponents of boxing are discussed.

PMID- 3385787
TI  - Appendicitis in the pediatric age group.
AB  - A retrospective analysis of 35 patients aged 2 to 20 years who were seen at the
      District of Columbia General Hospital and Howard University Hospital over a three
      year period (1984 to 1986) was performed. All patients were operated on with a
      preoperative diagnosis of acute appendicitis. A normal appendix was found in 17
      percent of patients, of which the majority was adolescent girls. Of those
      patients with acute appendicitis, 41 percent had perforated appendices, and one
      half of these were judged to be complicated.At diagnosis or at reoperation, one
      half of the patients were maintained on single-antibiotic therapy, the other half
      were maintained on triple-antibiotic therapy. The average hospital stay was 26.6
      days, with no significant difference between those patients on single- or triple
      antibiotic coverage. The average hospital stay for patients with uncomplicated
      appendicitis was six days.

PMID- 3385789
TI  - Unstimulated thyroid function indices of Nigerians with secondary amenorrhea.
AB  - The unstimulated plasma thyroid indices of triiodothyronine uptake (T(3)U),
      thyroxine (T(4)), free thyroxine index (FTI), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH),
      and prolactin levels were measured in 56 patients who were complaining of
      secondary amenorrhea, and in 40 control patients. No significant differences were
      noted in the plasma indices between the two groups. Mean +/- standard error
      plasma prolactin levels in patients with secondary amenorrhea and in the control
      patients were 21.8 +/- 2 ng/mL and 10.5 ng/mL, respectively. Twenty-two (39
      percent) patients who were complaining of amenorrhea had hyperprolactinemia and
      galactorrhea. The thyroid indices of these patients did not differ significantly
      from the control group.

PMID- 3385790
TI  - Morbidity in obese and nonobese patients following gynecologic surgery for
      cancer.
AB  - Meager information exists regarding the morbidity of cancer surgery in obese
      patients, and it is generally assumed that surgery in the obese patient is
      attended with increased complications over those found in nonobese patients. A
      retrospective evaluation was undertaken at the Louisiana State University Medical
      Center to ascertain the morbidity of cancer surgery among 97 patients. In
      comparing the obese with the nonobese group of patients, the former was more
      often found to have complications of postoperative wound disorders that
      frequently required secondary operations, and a greater incidence of diabetes.
      The risk of postoperative complications among obese patients undergoing cancer
      surgery did not otherwise appear to be greater than that of nonobese patients.

PMID- 3385791
TI  - Nonoperative management in a case of complicated pancreatic pseudocyst.
AB  - The authors present a case of pancreatic pseudocyst with associated duodenal
      compression and jaundice. Nonoperative management was employed successfully.

PMID- 3385792
TI  - Pancreatic abscess associated with pancreas divisum.
AB  - Pancreas divisum has been implicated as a cause of pancreatitis. Pseudocyst
      development in association with chronic pancreatitis has also been observed in a
      few patients with this anomaly. The association of pancreatic abscess with
      pancreas divisum has not been observed previously. The case herein reported
      illustrates a coincidental finding of pancreas divisum in a patient who presented
      with a pancreatic abscess.

PMID- 3385793
TI  - A tuna fish diet influences cat behavior.
AB  - When observed in their home cages, cats fed commercial tuna fish cat food were
      less active, vocalized less, and spent more time on the floor and more time
      eating than cats fed commercial beef cat food. There were no differences in
      response to human handling between the two groups. There were no differences in
      learning ability on a two-choice point maze or in reversal learning in the same
      maze between beef- and tuna-fed cats. The behavior of the groups differed in a 15
      min open field test only in the number of toys contacted. Cats fed the tuna had
      elevated tissue levels of mercury and selenium.

PMID- 3385795
TI  - Chronic cadmium exposure during pregnancy in the mouse: influence of exposure
      levels on fetal and maternal uptake.
AB  - The uptake and distribution of orally administered cadmium-109 was studied in
      pregnant mice. Female outbred QS mice were given cadmium (Cd) supplemented
      drinking water for 1 mo before pregnancy and for the duration of pregnancy. The
      water contained either 0.0015 ppm Cd, 0.24 ppm Cd, or 40 ppm Cd. For the duration
      of pregnancy, 1.48 micrograms Cd/l (0.0015 ppm) in each solution was in the form
      of 109Cd (1 mCi/l). Control mice were given distilled/deionized water. On the day
      before term the mice were killed and a variety of adult and fetal tissues were
      examined in a gamma counter to determine their 109Cd concentrations. For each
      group the 109Cd concentration was highest in the maternal gastrointestinal tract,
      liver, and kidneys and lowest in the central nervous system (CNS) and blood. In
      general, the 109Cd concentrations in each organ were similar for each group of
      mice and were therefore independent of the overall oral Cd dose. A notable
      exception was the lower level in the duodenum in the 40 ppm group. In the fetal
      unit the chorioallantoic placenta contained the highest concentration of 109Cd.
      Concentrations in the fetuses were very low, comparable to those in the adult
      CNS. The 109Cd levels in the fetuses from group A were about fivefold greater
      than those of the fetuses from group C. There was no statistically significant
      evidence of specific localization in the fetal brain, kidney, or liver.

PMID- 3385794
TI  - Lead and behavioral development: effects of varying dosage and schedule on
      survival and performance of young common terns (Sterna hirundo).
AB  - Exposure to lead early in life is known to affect behavioral development. Young
      common terns (Sterna hirundo) were injected with lead nitrate solution (0.2-1.2
      mg/g) or sterile saline to examine the dose-response curve for behavioral
      effects. Exposed chicks received a dose of lead on d 3 or on d 3 and 7.
      Behavioral tests 2 d after each injection included visual cliff performance,
      locomotion, and righting response. Survival depended not only on dose but also on
      whether chicks received one or two injections. Despite the narrow range of doses,
      behavioral differences were noted for all measures as a function of dose. The
      initial lead dose affected behavior more than the second dose, despite the fact
      that birds receiving a divided dose were more likely to die.

PMID- 3385796
TI  - Developmental toxicity of cobalt in the rat.
AB  - To determine the potential developmental toxicity of cobalt, pregnant Sprague
      Dawley rats were given by gavage a daily dose of 0, 25, 50; and 100 mg/kg
      cobalt(II) chloride on d 6-15 of gestation. Females were sacrificed on d 20.
      Maternal effects included significant reductions in weight gain and food
      consumption, particularly at 100 mk/kg.d. Hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration,
      mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and reticulocytes were
      increased significantly in the 100-mg/kg.d group. No treatment-related changes
      were recorded in the number of corpora lutea, total implants, resorptions, the
      number of live and dead fetuses, fetal size parameters, or fetal sex distribution
      data. Increased incidence of stunted fetuses per litter was the only adverse
      finding at 50 and 100 mg/kg.d group. However, this increase was not statistically
      significant. Examination of fetuses for gross external abnormalities, skeletal
      malformations, or ossification variations revealed that cobalt did not produce
      teratogenicity or significant fetotoxicity in the rat at doses as high as 100
      mg/kg.d.

PMID- 3385797
TI  - Effects of soman on vascular contractility of rabbit arteries.
AB  - The effects of soman (pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate), an organophosphorus
      cholinesterase inhibitor, on vascular contractility were examined on helically
      cut central ear arteries (CEA) or superior mesenteric arteries (M) from New
      Zealand White rabbits. Concentrations of soman up to 20 microM added cumulatively
      to arterial strips did not alter their resting tension. Concentrations of soman
      up to 10 microM also did not alter the tension responses to cumulatively added
      norepinephrine (NE), histamine, potassium (KCl), or serotonin (5-HT).
      Concentration-response curves obtained to each agonist initially, or 2 h later,
      did not differ in artery strips from control rabbits and those from rabbits given
      soman at 5 micrograms/kg sc daily for 7 d. Changes in responses to NE between the
      two time periods did differ in arteries from soman-treated and control rabbits in
      both the CEA and M, and to histamine in the M. Soman at 10 microM potentiated
      contractions to single concentrations of agonists in most cases. Soman at 10
      microM also further increased the tension of strips already contracted by the
      agonists. Thus, although soman did not alter the concentration-response curves of
      the agonists at contracting rabbit arteries, it potentiated contractions to
      single concentrations of agonists both when added before the agonist and when
      added at the peak of the agonist-induced contraction. It also altered the rate of
      change with time of both M and CEA in responses to NE of artery strips from
      rabbits given soman at 5 micrograms/kg daily for 7 d.

PMID- 3385798
TI  - Effect of tetrachlorophthalic anhydride on hepatic microsomal metabolism in rats
      and mice.
AB  - The capacity for induction of microsomal metabolic enzymes by tetrachlorophthalic
      anhydride (TCPA) was evaluated in male Sprague-Dawley rats and male CD-1 mice.
      The rats were orally dosed for 7 d with TCPA suspended in corn oil at 25, 100,
      250, or 500 mg/kg. Following this treatment a dose-dependent reduction in the
      zoxazolamine paralysis time occurred over the dose range 100-500 mg/kg in the
      rat. No effect on the hexobarbital sleep time was observed at any test level.
      TCPA was found to produce statistically significant increases in hepatic
      aminopyrine N-demethylase, aniline hydroxylase, and cytochrome P-450 in the rat
      at 500 mg per kg. In addition statistically significant increases were seen in
      aniline hydroxylase and cytochrome P-450 at 25 mg/kg. Mice were orally dosed with
      TCPA for 7 d at 250, 500, or 1000 mg/kg. There was no effect in the zoxazolamine
      paralysis time or the hexobarbital sleep time in this species. Hepatic microsomal
      enzyme levels were not measured in the mouse. These results suggest that
      following oral dosage TCPA is a weak inducer of microsomal enzymes in the rat. A
      similar effect was not observed in the mouse for the parameters tested.

PMID- 3385799
TI  - Tissue uptake and intracellular distribution of 140-lanthanum after oral intake
      by the rat.
AB  - The ability of lanthanum to stabilize hydroxyapatite against acid dissolution is
      well known. It is possible to use lanthanum to experimentally alter hard tissues
      in vivo and in vitro. It was, therefore, of interest to determine the tissue
      distribution of lanthanum following oral ingestion of a LaCl3 solution. Oral
      intake of 140-lanthanum (as LaCl3 in drinking water) in adult rats over a 3-d
      period was voluntary and amounted to 0.27 mmol LaCl3 per animal per day. The
      teeth sowed increases in 140-lanthanum uptake with time. Distribution of 140
      lanthanum within the incisors of animals drinking the LaCl3 solution showed that
      the highest specific activity of 140-lanthanum was associated with the outer
      layer of the tooth (that portion exposed to the oral environment). The soft
      tissues, such as lung, kidney, and liver, maintained a constant 140-lanthanum
      concentration after the first day of intake. The intracellular distribution of
      140-lanthanum was measured in liver, with the soluble fraction showing the
      highest content. No histological changes were observed in the rat tissues after 3
      d of oral intake (0.27 mmol/d) of lanthanum.

PMID- 3385800
TI  - Mammalian cell transformation induced by chromium(VI) compounds in the presence
      of nitrilotriacetic acid.
AB  - We used a soft agar assay on cultured Syrian hamster fibroblasts to determine the
      ability of nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) and Cr(VI) compounds to induce malignant
      cell transformation. Induction of extended anchorage-independent growth was
      detected in BHK 21/c13 cells by scoring colonies of transformed cells visible to
      the naked eye 20-25 d after plating in growth medium containing agar. Survival
      was determined by plating cells in liquid medium without agar and by counting the
      number of macroscopic colonies after 7-10 d. Mitomycin C and 4-nitroquinoline 1
      oxide were used as reference direct transforming agents, with clearly positive
      results. In our hands no increase of the spontaneous transformation rate of BHK
      cells was induced by NTA concentrations ranging from 2 X 10(-3) to 10(-2) M,
      although the survival index was significantly reduced above 4 X 10(-3) M NTA. Two
      Cr(VI) compounds, K2Cr2O7, which is highly soluble in water, and CaCrO4, which is
      partially soluble, were tested in the soft agar assay either in the absence or in
      the presence of NTA. When used alone, both compounds behaved as positive
      transforming agents. NTA increased 4 or 10 times the cytotoxicity and the
      transforming activity of CaCrO4 and K2Cr2O7, respectively. As the amounts of
      soluble Cr(VI) detectable in the K2Cr2O7 and CaCrO4 solutions were not increased
      in the presence of NTA, a synergistic interaction between NTA and soluble Cr(VI)
      is inferred.

PMID- 3385801
TI  - Enhanced expression of a protein antigen (J1-31 antigen, 30 kilodaltons) by
      reactive astrocytes in lacerated spinal cord.
AB  - A mouse monoclonal antibody (MAb J1-31, isotype IgG 2b) was raised against an
      autopsy sample of cerebral white matter from a multiple sclerosis (MS) patient.
      MAb J1-31 recognizes a protein (J1-31 antigen) in human brain which has a
      molecular weight of approximately 30,000 daltons (30 kD) as determined by
      immunoprecipitation followed by SDS-gel electrophoresis (reducing conditions) and
      autoradiography (Singh et al.: Biosci Rep 6:73-79, 1986). By immunofluorescence
      microscopy, MAb J1-31 stains glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive
      cells, namely astrocytes, of both human and rat. Yet J1-31 antigen is distinct
      from GFAP (Predy et al.: Biosci Rep 7:491-502, 1987). In this paper we report
      that greatly enhanced staining for J1-31 antigen is exhibited by reactive
      astrocytes which arise following CNS injury. (Laceration-type surgical lesion of
      the rat spinal cord served as the experimental model). Enhanced expression of J1
      31 antigen reveals some new aspect of the astrocyte response to injury, involving
      transformation to the reactive state. Consequently, MAb J1-31 may be a useful
      marker for studies on reactive astrocytes.

PMID- 3385802
TI  - Fetal antigen retained by mature neurons and ependyma studied with a monoclonal
      antibody (6B9).
AB  - A mouse monoclonal antibody (MAb 6B9, isotype IgM) was raised against autopsy
      tissue samples from the central nervous system (CNS) of multiple sclerosis (MS)
      patients. By immunofluorescence microscopy, MAb 6B9 intensely stains most or all
      cells in fetal rats. However, MAb 6B9 differentially stains various cell types in
      adult rats. Neurons, ependymal cells, and adrenal chromaffin cells are stained
      intensely, whereas astrocytes and oligodendrocytes are not stained. The 6B9
      reactive antigen (6B9 antigen) is sensitive to periodic acid, but insensitive to
      treatment with protease, RNase, or hyaluronidase. Results from immunofluorescence
      microscopy on semithin sections and cultured neuroblastoma cells indicate that
      6B9 antigen is intracellular. This is supported by immunoelectron microscopy,
      where labeling for 6B9 antigen appears in the cytoplasm distinct from any
      identifiable organelle. Further studies on 6B9 antigen should reveal its chemical
      nature as well as the significance of developmental changes in its distribution.

PMID- 3385803
TI  - Human gamma enolase: isolation of a cDNA clone and expression in normal and tumor
      tissues of human origin.
AB  - We have isolated and sequenced a cDNA clone encoding the human gamma enolase.
      Comparison of our cDNA sequence and the rat gamma enolase sequence revealed 97%
      homology at the level of amino acid sequence. The two coding regions were 91%
      homologous on the nucleotide level, whereas the 3' noncoding regions were much
      less homologous (32%). Further comparison of our cDNA sequence with the human
      alpha enolase revealed an 82% homology at the amino acid level and a 75% homology
      at the nucleotide level for the two coding regions, whereas the 3' nontranslated
      regions were only 30% homologous. Using a portion of the 3' nontranslated region
      of our cDNA, shown to be specific for human gamma enolase, a single 2.5 kb mRNA
      was detected in human brain tissue. This same gamma enolase message was also
      found in a number of human normal nonneuronal tissues, and in several human tumor
      derived cell lines. Expression of the mRNA for the gamma enolase subunit should
      thus be used with caution when identifying the cells of neuronal or
      neuroendocrine origin.

PMID- 3385804
TI  - Taurine and nifedipine protect retinal rod outer segment structure altered by
      removal of divalent cations.
AB  - A protective effect of taurine on morphological alterations induced in isolated
      ROS by remotion of divalent cations is described. ROS damage is not observed when
      sodium or chloride is replaced by impermeant ions or in the presence of
      nifedipine (10 microM). An increased accumulation of 22Na but not of 36Cl occurs
      in retinas incubated in divalent cation free medium. Taurine (5-25 mM) provides a
      concentration-dependent protection to ROS structure. Taurine is also able to
      reduce the increased 22Na influx to control values. These results suggest a
      protective action of taurine probably involving an interaction with calcium sites
      on ROS membranes which regulate sodium permeability.

PMID- 3385805
TI  - Rapid shrinkage of rat striatal extracellular space after local kainate
      application and ischemia as recorded by impedance.
AB  - Early changes in tissue extracellular space following exposure to the excitotoxin
      kainate in the striatum were compared to those following cardiac arrest of rats
      anesthetized by chloral hydrate. Tissue extracellular space was monitored by
      impedance measurements. The possible role of voltage-sensitive Na channels and
      energy metabolism was studied by local and systemic application of tetrodotoxine
      (TTX) and glucose, respectively. After both kainate intoxication and cardiac
      arrest the extracellular space (normally about 20%) became less than one-half
      within 15 min. TTX caused a delay in the effect of cardiac arrest, and a slight
      attenuation of that of kainate. Glucose was ineffective in both preparations.
      Parallel to a decrease in the extracellular space whole tissue Na/K ratio
      increased. These experiments show that excitotoxins and cardiac arrest cause
      similar (and not additive) changes in the extracellular space and that these
      changes are not mediated by Na channels. In cardiac arrest the onset of the
      extracellular space alterations is triggered by Na+ influx, thus presumably by
      neurotransmitter release. It is suggested that most (if not all) currently
      described protective measures against ischemic, hypoxic, or hypoglycemic brain
      damage are based on a prolongation of the time of onset leading to cell
      depolarization, rather than suppressing damaging processes during depolarization.

PMID- 3385806
TI  - Topical application of morphine to the rat somatosensory cortex produces
      analgesia to tonic pain.
AB  - Topical application of 0.01 or 0.1% morphine solution to the somatosensory SI
      area of the rat cerebral cortex significantly decreased the pain intensity rating
      in the formalin test without producing motor side effects or sensory deficits.
      Naloxone partially antagonizes this effect. Topical application of morphine to
      the striate cortex did not induce analgesia. It is suggested that the primary
      somatosensory SI area of the cerebral cortex plays a role in opiate pain control.

PMID- 3385807
TI  - Reevaluation of analytical procedures on quantitation of urinary protein in rats.
AB  - In this study, the original method (Lowry method) of Lowry et al. (1951), its
      modified method (Lowry-TCA method) with protein precipitation by trichloroacetic
      acid (TCA) and the new method (BCA method) with bicinchoninic acid reaction, were
      reexamined as to whether these three methods were applicable to urinary protein
      quantitation of rats. Because of the presence of the urinary interfering
      substances, the quantitations in the Lowry- and BCA methods were found to be
      overestimated more than 3 times as large as in the Lowry-TCA method. When the
      urine sample was dialyzed against water and determined by the Lowry- and BCA
      methods, more than 24 hours were found to be needed in order to completely
      exclude the interfering substances from the urine. From these findings, the Lowry
      TCA method is recommended for quantitation of urinary protein in rats.

PMID- 3385808
TI  - The effects of drug metabolism inducers on the delayed neurotoxicity and
      disposition of tri-o-cresyl phosphate in hens following a single intravenous
      administration.
AB  - Intravenous (iv) administration of tri-o-cresyl phosphate (TOCP) caused a delayed
      neurotoxic effect in hens similar to that produced by oral and dermal
      administration. The iv ED50s for producing ataxia and paralysis were estimated to
      be 15.9 mg/kg and 31.7 mg/kg respectively. The tissue disposition of unaltered
      TOCP was determined in hens following a single iv injection of 40 mg/kg of TOCP.
      One hour (hr) after the injection, the leg muscle contained the highest
      concentration, 26.99 micrograms/g fresh weight followed by the adipose tissue.
      Among the nerve tissues, the sciatic nerve had the highest concentration, 9.63
      micrograms/g followed by the spinal cord and the brain. Except the adipose tissue
      and the sciatic nerve, the concentration in all analyzed tissues dropped below
      1.0 microgram/g (ml) after 24 hr. An unidentified metabolite appeared in bile
      taken 1 and 3 hr after the injection. Pretreatment of hens with 3
      methylcolathrene (3-MC) and beta-naphthoflavone (B-NF) protected against the TOCP
      induced delayed neurotoxicity, whereas phenobarbital (PB) failed to protect
      against the neurotoxicity. Plasma creatine phosphokinase (CK) activity in
      paralytic birds increased approximately 4 times of the control or symptomless
      hens on the 21st day. 3-MC-, B-NF- and PB-treatment depressed substantially the
      concentration of unaltered TOCP in brain and plasma 1 hr after iv dosing with 40
      mg/kg of TOCP. Only B-NF pretreatment lowered the level of TOCP in spinal cord.
      There was no effect of these inducers on the level of TOCP in sciatic nerve and
      adipose tissue. B-NF and 3-MC lowered significantly the TOCP level in leg muscle,
      whereas PB had no such effect. More attention should be paid to the role of TOCP
      in muscle, especially to the leg muscle, judging from the present toxicological
      and metabolic studies.

PMID- 3385809
TI  - Determination of deoxymononucleotides and deoxynucleosides as a tool for
      toxicological examination--a trial for conversion of absorbance unit into molar
      amount in deoxydinucleotide.
AB  - Conversion of absorbance unit into molar amount was tried as to
      deoxydinucleotide. In order to achieve this trial, a reversed-phase high
      performance liquid chromatographic method with a linear gradient mode was
      established for separation and quantification of deoxymononucleotides and
      deoxynucleosides. Selecting 2'-deoxycytidylyl-(3'-5')-thymidylic (5') acid as an
      example of deoxydinucleotides, this compound dissolved in water was estimated in
      absorbance unit at 260 nm, and it was treated by alkaline phosphatase and
      furthermore by snake venom phosphodiesterase. Based on quantification of the
      cleaved nucleic acid constituents including 2'-deoxycytidine 5'-monophosphoric
      acid and thymidine by the above method, the molar amount per 1.000 absorbance
      unit at 260 nm in the deoxydinucleotide was determined. Thus, the conversion of
      absorbance unit into molar amount is considered to be applicable to other
      deoxyoligonucleotides.

PMID- 3385810
TI  - Effect of beta-lactam antibiotics on hepatocellular glutathione levels in vitro
      and in vivo.
AB  - Incubation of isolated rat hepatocytes with high concentration of beta-lactam
      antibiotics, cephaloridine (CER), flomoxef (FMOX) or cephamandole (CMD), resulted
      in significant reduction of cellular glutathione (GSH) levels, though cell
      viability was not affected during the incubation period. I.v. injection of a
      large dose, 300 mg/kg, of these beta-lactam antibiotics to rats did not affect
      the hepatic GSH levels. The concentration of beta-lactam antibiotics in the body
      fluid of the rats were found to be much lower than the amounts which causes GSH
      depletion in vitro.

PMID- 3385811
TI  - Effects of rokitamycin on young rats with hyperbilirubinemia--determination of
      unbound and brain bilirubin levels and examination for localized yellow
      discoloration of brain tissue.
AB  - The effects of rokitamycin (RKM), a macrolide antibiotic, on young rats with
      hyperbilirubinemia were investigated. RKM at a dose of 1,000 mg/kg was orally
      administered to 14-day-old rats with hereditary, non-hemolytic hyperbilirubinemia
      (homozygous Gunn rats, total plasma bilirubin concentration: about 7 mg/dl).
      Animals given 10 ml/kg of 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) were used as
      control. Plasma total bilirubin concentration, plasma unbound bilirubin
      concentration and cerebellar bilirubin level did not significantly change during
      1, 3, 6 and 24 hours after administration of RKM or CMC. There was no significant
      difference in plasma total bilirubin concentration, plasma unbound bilirubin
      concentration and cerebellar bilirubin level between RKM-treated and control
      animals at 1, 3, 6 and 24 hours after the administration. No localized yellow
      discoloration of the brain tissue (non-cerebellar parts) was noted at 1, 3, 6 and
      24 hours after administration of either RKM or CMC.

PMID- 3385812
TI  - Cardiac effects of ketanserin, a serotonin antagonist--electrophysiological
      examinations as a part of toxicity studies.
AB  - Cardiac effects of ketanserin were examined mainly electrophysiologically with
      using rat and guinea pig heart muscle preparations. 10(-6)M ketanserin slightly
      antagonized the positive chronotropic but not inotropic action of serotonin in
      spontaneously beating guinea pig atria. Ketanserin, only at the concentration as
      high as 10(-4)M, produced slight rightward shift of the positive chronotropic but
      not inotropic dose-response curves for norepinephrine in guinea pig atria. In
      both rat and guinea pig atria, ketanserin per se produced negative chronotropic
      effect and slight prolongation of action potential duration (APD) at high
      concentrations, 0.1 or 0.3 mg/ml. In guinea pig ventricular preparation, 1 mg/ml
      of ketanserin did not affect the rate of rise of the action potential (+Vmax),
      action potential amplitude and APD. In rat ventricular free wall preparations, 1
      mg/ml of ketanserin produced slight increase in APD without affecting the other
      action potential parameters. In rat ventricular papillary muscle and septum
      preparations, 0.3 mg/ml of ketanserin tended to produce a decrease in +Vmax and
      an increase in APD. However, since these changes were produced only at extremely
      high concentrations and slight in degree, it was concluded that ketanserin does
      not produce electrophysiological side effects of clinical relevance.

PMID- 3385813
TI  - Central venous blood oxygen saturation: an early, accurate measurement of volume
      during hemorrhage.
AB  - Accurate and relatively simple monitoring is essential in managing patients with
      multiple injuries, and becomes particularly important when there is substantial
      occult blood loss. Tachycardia, said to occur following a 15% blood loss, is
      generally regarded as the first reliable sign of hemorrhage. However, heart rate
      is a nonspecific parameter which is affected by factors other than changing
      intravascular volume. The purpose of this study was to evaluate available means
      of monitoring volume status and to identify the parameter which is the earliest
      and most reliable indication of blood loss. Sixteen mongrel dogs were
      anesthetized and bled by increments of 3% of their total blood volume until the
      onset of sustained hypotension or a 25% blood loss. All dogs were monitored with
      a Swan-Ganz catheter and an arterial line. Vital signs, full hemodynamic
      parameters, and arterial and mixed venous blood gases were measured after each 3%
      blood loss. Statistical analysis of the data demonstrated that only Cardiac Index
      and Mixed Venous Oxygen Saturation showed linearity as function of measure blood
      loss. Linear regression analysis generated r values that ranged from 0.85-0.99
      with a mean of 0.95 for Mixed Venous Oxygen Saturation; r values for Cardiac
      Index ranged from 0.39-0.98 with a mean of 0.85. Furthermore, all dogs had
      increased tissue oxygen extraction after 3-6% blood loss. Because Central Venous
      Blood Oxygen Saturation mirrors Mixed Venous Oxygen Saturation and is easily and
      rapidly measured, we extended our study by repeating all of the previously
      measured parameters, with the addition of CVP blood gases in an unanesthetized
      animal model.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3385814
TI  - County mapping of injury mortality.
AB  - Death rates for injuries were mapped by county in order to identify high-risk
      geographic areas. Overall rates of unintentional injury death were high in rural
      areas, especially in the West, and in low-income southern counties. Homicides,
      primarily due to firearms, had high rates throughout the South; elsewhere,
      homicide rates were high in large cities but not in suburban counties. Southern
      counties also had high rates of housefire mortality. Drowning rates for young
      children were high on the West Coast and in Florida, and were high for the
      population as a whole in the Mississippi Delta. Mapping by county is a
      potentially powerful tool for identifying high-risk areas and developing
      preventive measures.

PMID- 3385815
TI  - Thumb reconstruction following major loss: a review of treatment alternatives.
AB  - Over the past 20 years the available methods for thumb reconstruction following
      major loss have changed dramatically, primarily through the continued development
      of microsurgical techniques. Replantation effort is generally indicated when the
      injury is favorable and the patient can safely undergo emergency and possibly
      prolonged surgery. Since secondary reconstructions vary markedly with respect to
      anticipated function and appearance, donor site requirements, and other important
      factors, the reconstruction method should be individualized according to the
      patient's age and general health, functional demands, and cosmetic expectations.

PMID- 3385816
TI  - Is hypertonic saline resuscitation safe in 'uncontrolled' hemorrhagic shock?
AB  - Hypertonic saline treatment of hemorrhagic shock (HS) results in increased
      systemic blood pressure, cardiac output, and splanchnic blood flow. To determine
      whether this elevation in blood pressure and flow would augment blood loss from
      injured intra-abdominal vessels and thus enhance mortality rate, "controlled" HS
      was induced by bleeding of 20 ml/kg from an arterial cannula that was immediately
      occluded after hemorrhage, and "uncontrolled" HS was induced by incision of three
      major radicals of the ileocolic artery leading to continuous intra-abdominal
      blood loss. Seventy rats were divided into eight groups: Group I (n = 5)
      underwent carotid artery and jugular vein cannulation and was observed for 3 hr;
      in Group II (n = 10) "controlled" HS was induced by arterial hemorrhage of 20
      ml/kg; in Group III (n = 7) "controlled" HS was treated by 5 ml/kg NaCl 0.9%; in
      Group IV (n = 8) "controlled" HS was treated by 5 ml/kg NaCl 7.5%; in Group V (n
      = 4) midline laparotomy and identification of the ileocolic artery was performed;
      in Group VI (n = 9) "uncontrolled" HS was induced by incision of three major
      branches of the ileocolic artery; in Group VII (n = 9) "uncontrolled" HS was
      treated by 5 ml/kg NaCl 0.9%, and in Group VIII (n = 18) "uncontrolled" HS was
      treated by 5 ml/kg NaCl 7.5%. In untreated "controlled" HS (Group II), mean
      arterial pressure (MAP) fell to 35 torr followed by a spontaneous rise to 62 torr
      (p less than 0.001) after 3 hr with a survival of 80% of the animals.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3385817
TI  - NMR monitoring of phosphate metabolism of rat skeletal muscle during hemorrhage
      and resuscitation.
AB  - Phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy allows noninvasive
      monitoring of intracellular high-energy metabolites. In the present study we used
      topical NMR to monitor intracellular levels of ATP, creatine phosphate (CrP),
      inorganic phosphate (Pi), and pH in the biceps femoris muscle of rats during
      hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation. Twelve rats weighing 300-500 gm were
      anesthetized and bled to a mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 50-55 mm Hg for 90
      minutes. Then they were resuscitated with lactated Ringers' until MAP returned to
      normal or resuscitation fluid equaled four times the shed blood volume. During
      resuscitation, the rats fell into one of two groups: survivor group (n = 5) which
      could be successfully resuscitated for 60 minutes or longer; or nonsurvivor group
      (n = 7) which died during resuscitation. In both groups, ATP levels were
      maintained during hemorrhage and resuscitation. Intramuscular pH dropped about
      0.2 pH units in both groups at the end of hemorrhage; however, pH was restored
      back toward baseline in the survivor group. CrP levels were lower in the
      nonsurvivor group at the end of hemorrhage. After resuscitation, CrP returned to
      nearly baseline levels in the survivor group; in the nonsurvivor group, CrP was
      further depleted after resuscitation. Pi levels were increased in both groups at
      the end of hemorrhage, but in the survivor group Pi decreased during the first 15
      minutes of resuscitation; in the nonsurvivor group Pi increased further to four
      times baseline levels. This study demonstrated that topical NMR can quantitate a
      metabolic deficit in skeletal muscle during hemorrhage and resuscitation. The
      results show that improvement of intracellular Pi and CrP levels correlated with
      survival.

PMID- 3385818
TI  - Effect of rate of rise of blood alcohol on outcome of cardiac injury.
AB  - In our initial study in anesthetized dogs, single 7-minute intravenous alcohol
      doses caused a 67% mortality with cardiac impact at 65 mg% blood alcohol. In the
      next study, equally spaced oral doses over 40 minutes resulted in only a 17%
      mortality at an equivalent blood alcohol level and injury severity. Intravenous
      doses of a 50% ethanol/isotonic saline solution were given at equally spaced
      intervals over 40 minutes to generate peak blood alcohol levels and rates of rise
      equivalent to the oral study. Impacts with a velocity of 10 m/s and a contact
      compression of 5 cm were delivered to 85-90% of the right pericardial surface.
      The 25% mortality from alcohol and trauma was comparable to that observed in the
      oral study. These results attest to the importance of the rate of alcohol
      administration over the route on the outcome of cardiac injury.

PMID- 3385819
TI  - The effects of pneumatic antishock garments in the treatment of critical
      abdominal injuries in rats.
AB  - Thirty rats were subjected to a standardized critical aortic injury and divided
      into six groups. In addition to controls, the animals were treated with a
      pneumatic antishock garment (PASG), massive intravenous or intra-aortic saline
      infusion, or PASG in combination with either massive intravenous or intra-aortic
      saline infusion. Twenty-six rats were subjected to a standardized hepatic injury
      and divided into four groups. In addition to controls, the animals were treated
      with PASG, massive intravenous saline infusion, or PASG in combination with
      massive intravenous saline infusion. These animals were allowed to bleed for 5
      minutes before the treatment was started. The treatment with PASG alone prolonged
      the median survival time significantly from 7 min in the control group to greater
      than 120 min in the PASG group in rats with an aortic injury and from 33 to
      greater than 120 min in rats with a hepatic injury. Intravenous infusion of
      saline did not prolong the median survival time. Intravenous infusion in
      combination with PASG did not have any positive effects on median survival time
      or median mean aortic pressure and failed to prolong the median survival time
      significantly in rats with a liver injury, as six out of eight animals developed
      a lethal pulmonary edema.

PMID- 3385820
TI  - Posthemorrhage glycogen and lactate metabolism in the liver: an experimental
      study with postprandial rats.
AB  - Glycogen and lactate metabolism was studied in livers from three groups of
      postprandial rats sustaining 70 mm Hg hemorrhagic hypotension for variable
      periods, 60 min (60H group), 120 min (120H group), and nonbled controls. The
      donor livers were investigated after completed hemorrhage using an in vitro
      perfusion system with L-lactate as substrate, together with U-C14-lactate. The
      residual glycogen stores were determined after perfusions. The incorporation of
      labelled lactate to glucose was increased in the 120H group by 66.7% and 116.8%
      compared to the 60H group and controls (p less than 0.01), but glycogenolysis was
      still the main source of glucose released in the 120H group. Glycogen formation
      from labelled lactate was 46.6% higher in the 120H group compared to controls (p
      less than 0.05) and lactate oxidation was decreased by 67.5% (p less than 0.05).
      The data suggest that hepatocytes are capable of rapid change from glycolysis to
      gluconeogenesis during hemorrhagic hypovolemia. However, energy-sparing glycogen
      breakdown is given priority over gluconeogenesis as long as glycogen remains
      available.

PMID- 3385821
TI  - Selective application of cervical spine radiography in alert victims of blunt
      trauma: a prospective study.
AB  - Four hundred sixty-seven adult victims of blunt trauma undergoing cervical spine
      radiography (CSR) were prospectively studied to identify any clinical parameters
      which would aid in the selective application of CSR. Eight persons (1.7%), six of
      whom were alert and two who presented comatose, sustained cervical spine
      injuries. In this study, persons injured in falls demonstrated a statistically
      significant greater risk of cervical spine injury compared to those injured in
      motor vehicle accidents (p = 0.001). In alert trauma victims, a statistical
      correlation with cervical spine injury was noted for individuals who had
      complaints of neck discomfort (p = 0.028) and for patients who manifested
      tenderness to neck palpation (p = 0.000039). No cervical spine injury was noted
      in any alert, not intoxicated, neurologically intact patient who had no
      complaints of neck discomfort upon questioning or palpation. We conclude that
      alert trauma victims with no complaints of neck discomfort upon questioning and
      with no tenderness on neck palpation need not undergo CSR.

PMID- 3385822
TI  - Spinal fractures in blunt chest trauma.
AB  - In a series of 100 consecutive patients with mediastinal hemorrhage following
      blunt chest trauma, fractures and dislocations of the lower cervical, thoracic,
      and upper lumbar spine were causative of the mediastinal hemorrhage in nine
      patients. Spinal injury was clinically suspected in seven patients because of
      quadriplegia or paraplegia. However, in the two patients who were neurologically
      intact a spinal injury was not clinically suspected. In the initial triage of a
      patient with blunt chest trauma, the supine chest radiograph can play a key role
      in the identification of a potentially unstable spinal injury and the prevention
      of subsequent spinal cord injury.

PMID- 3385823
TI  - Air transport following surgical stabilization: an extension of regionalized
      trauma care.
AB  - A 30-month retrospective review was performed of all trauma patients initially
      evaluated and operatively stabilized at Level III hospitals, with subsequent
      specialized air transport within 48 hours of injury to the regional Level I
      trauma center in Seattle. Nineteen patients were identified, with a mean ISS of
      44 (range, 20-66). Mean transport time and distance were 2.4 hours and 456 miles,
      respectively. The estimated average ground transport time for the same patients
      was 23.8 hours. No deaths occurred during transport, and the overall survival
      rate was 58%. Transport charges averaged $4,162, which was 14% of the complete
      hospitalization cost. We conclude that: 1) patient survival after air transport
      was no different than that predicted for trauma victims with immediate access to
      a trauma center; 2) postoperative hemodynamic instability predicted a poor
      outcome; 3) the higher cost of air relative to ground transport is outweighed by
      significant time savings in these critically injured patients; and 4) air
      transport following operative stabilization represents an extension of
      regionalized trauma care to the isolated areas of Washington and Alaska.

PMID- 3385824
TI  - Community planning for medical support of a national political convention.
AB  - A large political gathering such as the 1984 Republican National Convention
      provided the ingredients necessary to challenge a community's medical system. A
      committee consisting of representatives from the city, the county hospital
      district, the Dallas County Medical Society, and the American Red Cross
      coordinated their efforts toward developing a comprehensive plan to provide
      medical support for all aspects of the convention. Provisions to deal with the
      following potential problems included: 1) the extreme heat; 2) security; 3)
      massive crowds on the convention floor; 4) the area in which the demonstrators
      were staying as well as the area in which the demonstrations were to occur; 5)
      special requirements for visiting dignitaries; and 6) terrorism. Eighty patients
      were seen in the protest area. Thirty-nine patients were treated by the Red
      Cross, and 518 patients were seen in the convention center. Ten patients required
      transportation to the hospital. Organization, coordination, and cooperation of
      all personnel and appropriate agencies helped ensure a smooth operation.

PMID- 3385825
TI  - Two-hole plate fixation for traumatic symphysis pubis diastasis.
AB  - Techniques for managing traumatic diastasis of the pubic symphysis include bed
      rest, hip spica casting, pelvic slings, external fixation, and internal fixation.
      We report herein our experience with 14 consecutively managed patients in whom we
      successfully stabilized traumatic pubic diastasis with a single two-hole plate
      fixation. The average age of the 13 men and one woman was 30 years; followup
      averaged 17 months. Most of the patients had associated injuries (Injury Severity
      Score average, 19). Nine patients had concomitant disruption of the sacroiliac
      joint requiring either delayed open reduction and internal fixation or prolonged
      skeletal traction; among the five remaining patients, time to mobilization (bed
      to chair) averaged 1 day. There were no complications attributable to the
      procedure; i.e., no infections, and no failures of fixation. In this small series
      of patients early two-hole plate fixation of the traumatic diastasis of the pubis
      satisfactorily restored the disrupted anterior pelvic ring, contributed to early
      mobilization of the patients, and made reduction of a concomitantly disrupted
      sacroiliac joint easier, whether accomplished by skeletal traction or open
      reduction and internal fixation during a second procedure.

PMID- 3385826
TI  - Factors increasing the risk of infection in patients with open fractures.
AB  - A study was undertaken to determine what factors are important in determining
      whether or not a patient with an open fracture will develop an infection.
      Debrided tissue was cultured to determine quantitative bacterial counts. The
      patients' subsequent records were evaluated and the infection rate correlated
      with culture data and other factors that might be associated with development of
      infection. Of the 70 patients evaluated, 13 (19%) became infected. When the
      infection rate was correlated with the use of fixation devices, it was found that
      1/19 (5%) of the patients with no implants, 3/16 (19%) of the patients with
      external fixation devices, and 9/35 (26%) of the patients with internal fixation
      became infected. Most of the infections were caused by Gram-negative bacteria.
      There was little correlation between the bacterial counts in the first piece of
      tissue taken at debridement and the development of infection. There was
      significant correlation between the bacterial count in the last piece of tissue
      taken at debridement and the development of infection. Thus the infection was
      correlated with what was in the tissue when the patient left the operating room
      and not with what was in the tissue when the patient entered the operating room.

PMID- 3385827
TI  - Nonoperative treatment of adult splenic trauma: development of a computed
      tomographic scoring system that detects appropriate candidates for expectant
      management.
AB  - We reviewed the charts of 87 patients with documented splenic injuries resulting
      from blunt trauma admitted to a regional trauma referral center during the 32
      month period beginning in January 1984. Delayed celiotomy was defined as surgical
      intervention for splenic injury after a trail of nonoperative management lasting
      at least 24 hours. Delayed celiotomy was not required in any of the 16 cases in
      the pediatric age group (age less than or equal to 17 years) who were initially
      managed nonoperatively. In contrast, of the 27 adults who were initially treated
      nonoperatively, ten (37%) ultimately required celiotomy. Although splenorrhaphy
      was successfully performed in 21 of 44 patients undergoing early operation, all
      ten of the patients requiring celiotomy after an unsuccessful trial of
      observation underwent splenectomy rather than a spleen-preserving procedure. Of
      the 27 adults who were initially managed nonoperatively, 24 had abdominal
      computed tomography (CT) performed during their initial diagnostic evaluation.
      Twenty-three of these scans were reviewed by one of the authors. A CT scoring
      system was developed, based on the degree of splenic parenchymal and capsular
      injury and the amount of fluid in the abdomen and the pelvis. Adult patients who
      were successfully treated without operation had a significantly (p = 0.011) lower
      total CT score than did patients who required delayed celiotomy. No adult with a
      total CT score less than 2.5 required delayed operative intervention. These data
      support

PMID- 3385828
TI  - Closed reduction of dislocations of the lower cervical spine.
AB  - Dislocation of the lower cervical spine (C3-T1) is associated with a high
      incidence of neurologic injury. Attempted closed reduction by skeletal traction
      with weights ranging up to 50 lb (23 kg) is considered standard care in North
      America, although these attempts are often unsuccessful. This retrospective
      review, over a 6-year span, of 39 patients with dislocations and facet locks of
      the lower cervical spine treated with closed reduction showed that 35 (90%) were
      successful. Recommended weight was exceeded in 22 patients (63%) with no
      deteriorations in neurologic status. If patients are monitored radiologically and
      neurologically throughout traction, up to 70% of body weight can be used safely.
      An algorithm for treatment is provided.

PMID- 3385829
TI  - Popliteal vascular injuries and war: are Beirut and New Orleans similar?
AB  - Trauma to the lower extremity associated with fracture and vascular injury has a
      high reported incidence of limb loss. This study reviews and contrasts the
      experience at Tulane University affiliated hospitals (TU) and the American
      University of Beirut (AUB) (1980 to 1984), both of which are surrounded by
      hostile action. Seventy-six male patients (28--AUB, 48--TU) with an average age
      of 21.2 (TU) and 24.4 (AUB) years (range, 17 to 42) presented with popliteal
      artery injuries with (34 [14--AUB; 20--TU] ) and without (42 [14--AUB; 28--TU])
      associated fractures. All patients were clinically evaluated, angiogrammed, begun
      on cephalosporin antibiotics, and operated upon. Fractures were treated with
      extraskeletal fixation or splinting. Time of initiation of operative therapy
      varied from less than one to greater than 12 hours. When necessary, contralateral
      limb reversed saphenous vein was used as an interposition graft. Fasciotomies
      were done for popliteal artery injuries with greater than 6 hours' ischemic time,
      and combined popliteal artery and popliteal vein injuries. Nine limbs of 76 at
      risk were amputated: 5/34 (2/14--AUB; 3/20--TU) with popliteal injuries and
      fractures, and 4/42 (1/14--AUB; 3/28--TU) with popliteal injuries and without
      fractures. Five of the amputated limbs had initiation of therapy at greater than
      12 hours; three had initiation of therapy at greater than 8 hours. Good
      communication between surgeons, prompt fracture reduction, antibiotics,
      angiography, and total repair of the vascular injury resulted in limb salvage in
      30/40 patients with popliteal artery injury and fracture, and in 39/42 patients
      with popliteal artery injury without fracture.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3385830
TI  - Transcatheter embolization in the treatment of massive bleeding due to
      maxillofacial injury.
AB  - Thirty-one cases of massive bleeding due to blunt maxillofacial injuries were
      treated by several procedures. Blind techniques, such as nasal and/or oral
      packing or ligation of external carotid artery, failed to achieve hemostasis in
      13 of the 18 cases (72.2%) in which they were employed before 1984. Since then,
      carotid angiography has documented the location of the bleeding in 12 of the 13
      cases (92.3%) in which it was employed. Each of the four cases in which
      extravasation was visualized from the external carotid artery was successfully
      treated by transcatheter embolization. We conclude that selective,
      angiographically guided embolization can reliably achieve hemostasis in a high
      proportion of patients with maxillofacial injury who are in danger of
      exsanguination from the branches of the external carotid artery.

PMID- 3385831
TI  - Chest injuries: a clinical and autopsy profile.
AB  - The clinical profiles and management of 236 consecutive chest injury patients
      treated and followed up at All India Institute of Medical Sciences between
      January 1983 and July 1985 were analyzed prospectively. There were 149 blunt and
      87 penetrating injuries; 21 patients (9%) required thoracotomy. Single- or
      multiple-tube thoracostomy was performed in 141 patients (60%). The remaining 74
      patients (31%) required only observation for a period of 24-48 hours. Fifteen
      patients (6.3%) died, the mortality being related to head injury in four,
      irreversible hypovolemic shock in four, pulmonary embolism in three, septicemia
      in two, and respiratory failure in two. Nonfatal complications included residual
      hemothorax in 18 cases, persistent air leak in 13, pulmonary infection in eight,
      pulmonary embolism in one, and empyema in one. The average hospital stay was 6.9
      days. Evidence of chest injury of various magnitudes was found in 756 of 2,286
      autopsies conducted for trauma-deaths during the same study period analyzed
      retrospectively; however, it was the major cause of death in only 147 (19%).
      Cardiac injuries accounted for 41% of the deaths resulting primarily from chest
      trauma. Only 10% of the patients who sustained cardiac injury reached hospital
      alive.

PMID- 3385832
TI  - Nordic ski jumping fatalities in the United States: a 50-year summary.
AB  - Nordic ski-jumping fatalities are rare events. Six jumping fatalities have
      occurred in the United States during the past 50 years. The fatality rate for
      nordic ski jumping, estimated to be roughly 12 fatalities/100,000 participants
      annually, appears to be within the range of fatality rates for other "risky"
      outdoor sports. Cervical fractures appear to be the most frequent fatal ski
      jumping injury.

PMID- 3385833
TI  - Effect of hepatectomy on the reticuloendothelial system of septic rats.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the function of the reticuloendothelial
      system (RES) of sham hepatectomy and 20% and 50% partial hepatectomy (PH 20%, PH
      50%), with or without cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis. The animals
      were injected with 51Chromium sheep red blood cells (SRBC) at 72 hours. SRBC half
      life (T1/2) was measured as an index of RES function and the percentage
      distribution of SRBC in liver, lung, and spleen was calculated. T1/2 was
      significantly prolonged in PH 50% rats and was associated with decreased
      radioactive uptake by the liver. Mortality was nil in the control groups and
      markedly increased in the presence of sepsis. The results suggest that decreased
      RES function following hepatectomy is dependent upon the proportion of liver
      removed and that sepsis further increased the mortality of hepatectomized
      animals.

PMID- 3385834
TI  - Autotransfusion of blood contaminated by enteric contents: a potentially life
      saving measure in the massively hemorrhaging trauma patient?
AB  - The role of autotransfusion of shed blood is well established in thoracic,
      abdominal, vascular, and orthopedic elective surgery. When hollow viscera or
      infected organs are uninvolved, autotransfusion is also well accepted in trauma
      surgery. Less clear is whether shed blood from an injury violating hollow organs
      in the abdomen can be used safely in the trauma patient. We retrospectively
      identified 11 patients with penetrating thoracoabdominal trauma who had received
      enteric contaminated shed blood, processed by the Haemonetics Cell Saver, and
      reviewed their records for infectious morbidity or mortality. All patients
      received parenteral broad-spectrum antibiotics. Three patients developed
      infectious wound complications, one probably nosocomial from the intensive care
      unit. No patient developed intra-abdominal sepsis and no deaths were reported.
      Based on the results of this preliminary result, it may be appropriate to use
      autotransfusion of shed blood in trauma patients with gastrointestinal injuries,
      if banked blood is not readily available and the patients receive perioperative
      broad-spectrum antibiotics.

PMID- 3385835
TI  - Lumbosacral plexus avulsion injury: clinical, myelographic and computerized
      tomographic features.
AB  - A rare case of lumbosacral plexus avulsion studied with computerized tomography
      (CT) in a 5-year old Saudi involved in a vehicular accident with resultant left
      lower limb monoparesis is presented. Myelography and CT were superior to
      electromyographic findings in this case. Such cases should be closely followed
      and surgical exploration and decompression offered if any evidence of cauda
      equina compression develops.

PMID- 3385836
TI  - Injury from silage wagon accident complicated by mucormycosis.
AB  - Infection due to farm machinery injuries may be caused by microorganisms found in
      soil or decaying vegetable material. A case of injury due to entrapment of a
      young boy in a silage wagon is reported here. His injuries were complicated by
      infection with Aspergillus species, Absidia species, Rhizopus species (the latter
      two are members of the Mucorales order), and Pseudomonas maltophilia. Successful
      treatment of his infection followed aggressive surgical debridement of the
      anterior abdominal wall, amphotericin B, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and surgical
      closure utilizing delayed placement of split-thickness skin grafts.

PMID- 3385837
TI  - Plantar panmetatarsophalangeal dislocation--a hyperflexion injury.
AB  - A rare panmetatarsophalangeal dislocation of the foot in a young male is
      described. Hyperflexion was instrumental in causing this injury. The dislocation
      was in the plantar direction.

PMID- 3385838
TI  - Severe ligamentous injury of the ankle with ruptured tendo Achillis and fractured
      neck of talus.
AB  - Severe tendon and ligament rupture of the ankle associated with a fracture of the
      talus were successfully treated by surgical repair followed by cast
      immobilization. We suggest that the mechanism of injury was forced dorsiflexion
      with initial rupture of the Achilles tendon, followed by rupture of the ankle
      ligaments and fracture of the neck of the talus.

PMID- 3385840
TI  - Trauma care systems: the federal role.

PMID- 3385839
TI  - Traumatic hernia of the abdominal wall.
AB  - Traumatic hernia of the abdominal wall is unusual and even more so the complete
      avulsion of muscles from the costal arch. While it is usual to search carefully
      for diaphragmatic hernia during laparotomy for blunt abdominal trauma, traumatic
      hernia of the abdominal wall of this nature can be easily overlooked. One such
      case in a child is presented where the diagnosis was not made at the initial
      laparotomy following blunt abdominal injury received in a road traffic accident.
      We believe bilateral avulsion of all the abdominal wall muscles from the costal
      arch has not been reported before.

PMID- 3385841
TI  - Pericardiocentesis for patients with late tamponade after cardiac surgery and
      other pericardial effusions.

PMID- 3385843
TI  - Re: Firearms as a cause of death in the United States, 1920-1982.

PMID- 3385842
TI  - Abdominal injuries sustained in severe traffic accidents by seatbelt wearers.

PMID- 3385844
TI  - Nonoperative treatment of splenic injury in adults.

PMID- 3385846
TI  - Loss of brainstem and pupillary reflexes in amoxapine overdose: a case report.
AB  - A case of severe Amoxapine overdose which presented with unusual neurologic signs
      and from which a complete recovery was attained is discussed.

PMID- 3385845
TI  - Effects of lead and mercury intoxications on evoked potentials.
AB  - Pattern reversal, brain stem auditory and somatosensory evoked potentials (PREPs,
      BAEPs, SEPs) have been recorded on 13 patients occupationally exposed to
      inorganic lead compounds, in 9 patients occupationally or accidentally exposed to
      inorganic mercury compounds and in 26 chronic alcoholics. The results were
      compared to those of a normal control group. Peripheral conduction velocities
      were decreased in lead exposed workers and in alcoholics, but not modified in the
      mercury exposed patients. In the three exposed groups, an amplitude increase
      (PREPs and upper limb SEP cortical components), more important in the mercury
      group and an increase of central conduction time in case of lower limb
      stimulation, could be interpreted as early signs of nervous cortical impairment.

PMID- 3385847
TI  - Toxicokinetics of paraquat through the heart-lung block. Six cases of acute human
      poisoning.
AB  - A technique is described in which the toxicokinetics of paraquat on passage
      through the heart and lung were studied by means of blood samples drawn
      simultaneously from the pulmonary and radial arteries in six cases of acute human
      life-threatening paraquat intoxications. There was a trend for the radial plasma
      concentrations of paraquat to be greater than or equal to the pulmonary
      concentrations. This data suggests that from a clinical point of view the
      distribution of paraquat into the lungs is not a slow process. There may also
      exist some efflux of the paraquat into the circulation. This efflux of paraquat
      may result from direct lung and/or heart injury induced by massive paraquat
      poisoning.

PMID- 3385848
TI  - Magnesium levels after magnesium-containing cathartics.
AB  - To determine the effect on serum Mg++ levels of oral Magnesium-containing
      cathartics (MgCC) used in the treatment of suspected drug overdose, a
      prospective, non-randomized study of 24 cases of suspected drug overdose was
      conducted. Ten cases admitted to the observation unit were assigned to the single
      dose MgCC group. Fourteen cases admitted to either the ICU or the observation
      unit were assigned to the multiple dose MgCC group. Single dose cases received 30
      gm of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) at 0 hours. Multiple dose cases received 3 30 gm
      doses of MgSO4 at 0, 4, and 8 hours. Mg++ levels were measured prior to each
      MgSO4 dose and 1 and 4 hours after the final dose in both groups. In the single
      dose group, there was no difference between baseline Mg++ levels and post MgSO4
      levels, and only 2/10 developed slightly elevated levels (2.2, 2.3 mEq/L). In the
      multiple dose group, levels increased and remained significantly higher than
      baseline after the second MgSO4 dose, and 9/14 developed elevated levels (2.2 to
      5.0 mEq/L). All patients who developed elevated Mg++ levels had normal BUN and
      creatinine values. When the single and multiple dose groups were compared,
      baseline Mg++ levels were no different (1.68 +/- 0.21 vs 1.69 +/- 0.24, p =
      0.952), but peak Mg++ levels were significantly higher in the multiple dose group
      (1.80 +/- 0.31 vs 2.61 +/- 0.86, p = 0.004). Cases that developed hypermagnesemia
      had slightly higher baseline Mg++ levels (1.78 +/- 0.22 vs 1.60 +/- 0.19 mEq/L, p
      = 0.041). In the multiple dose group, higher peak Mg++ levels were noted in cases
      involving ingestions of anticholinergic or opioid drugs (2.83 vs 1.98, p =
      0.025). Hypermagnesemia developed in some cases with normal renal function, blood
      pressure, and urine output. We conclude that significant hypermagnesemia can
      occur rapidly after use of multiple dose Mg++ cathartics in standard doses in
      patients with normal renal function.

PMID- 3385849
TI  - Citric, malic and succinic acids as possible alternatives to deferoxamine in
      aluminum toxicity.
AB  - The effect of repeated intraperitoneal administration of deferoxamine, citric,
      malic and succinic acids on the distribution and excretion of aluminum was
      determined in male Swiss mice which had previously received aluminum nitrate
      intraperitoneally at a daily dose of 0.27 mmol/kg for five weeks. Chelating
      agents were administered for two weeks at doses approximately equal to one-fourth
      of their respective LD50. Treatment with DFOA, citric, malic or succinic acids
      significantly increased the fecal and urinary excretion of aluminum and reduced
      the concentration of aluminum found in various organs and tissues, with citric
      acid being the most effective. In sight of these results, citric, malic or
      succinic acids may be considered as alternatives to deferoxamine in aluminum
      toxicity. However, further investigations are required previous to the possible
      use of these compounds in human aluminum poisoning.

PMID- 3385850
TI  - Poison Control Centre and environmental pollution health care and risk
      assessment.
AB  - In the past two decades several incidents of environmental pollution have become
      known in which people might have been exposed to the contaminating substances. In
      the Netherlands the National Poison Control Centre, a department of the National
      Institute of Public Health and Environmental Protection, plays a distinct role in
      dealing with the health problems arising from these incidencts. The health risk
      assessment of an environmental incident may be facilitated by utilizing a logical
      predetermined sequence of decision steps in order to avoid inappropriate
      responses which could induce many untoward effects within the population of the
      contaminated area. As an example of this general approach, the handling of a
      recent incident with mercuric chloride is described.

PMID- 3385851
TI  - Cancer in the developing world.

PMID- 3385852
TI  - Immunological assessment and its predictive role in malnourished infants with
      diarrhoea and/or systemic infections.

PMID- 3385853
TI  - Sickle cell hepatic crisis in Nigerian children.

PMID- 3385854
TI  - Prognostic evaluation of serum leucine aminopeptidase in malignancy of
      lymphoreticular and haemopoietic cell lines in children, with special reference
      to malignant histiocytosis of the intestine.

PMID- 3385855
TI  - The integration of traditional medicine among community-based health programmes
      in the Philippines.

PMID- 3385856
TI  - Role of health personnel in the promotion of breast feeding practices.

PMID- 3385857
TI  - Colostrum composition, maternal diet and nutrition in north India.

PMID- 3385858
TI  - Continuous and non-continuous use of WSS solution for oral rehydration therapy
      among rural Gambian women.

PMID- 3385859
TI  - The Tippy Tap: a simple handwashing device for rural areas.

PMID- 3385860
TI  - Breast feeding--a primary prevention.

PMID- 3385861
TI  - Morbidity of sickle cell disease in early childhood.

PMID- 3385862
TI  - Otologic findings in an Inuit population of cleft palate children.
AB  - Otitis media with effusion is almost universal in infants with cleft palate.
      Inuit children have a very high incidence of otitis media. The otologic problems
      of Inuit infants and children with cleft palate have not previously been
      reported. The current study presents 14 Inuit children with cleft palate. All
      show significant otitis media with effusion or chronic otitis media with tympanic
      membrane perforation. The management of otitis media in this special population
      of cleft palate children is discussed.

PMID- 3385863
TI  - The contribution of brainstem electric response audiometry (BERA) to the
      evaluation and management of infants with cleft palate.
AB  - In the three-year period ending December 1986, 31 infants followed by the Cleft
      Palate Team of our institution were evaluated with BERA one or more times.
      Seventy-four percent presented auditory threshold elevation on initial
      examination; none was observed to resolve spontaneously in the first year of
      life. Myringotomy and tympanostomy tube insertion normalized auditory thresholds
      effectively in most children with serous otitis media. In a few cases, however,
      recovery required several months. BERA can assist the early detection of children
      with sensorineural hearing loss. It may also be valuable as an additional
      consideration in selecting treatment of serous otitis media in these children.
      Precise guidelines as to the ideal time to perform tympanostomy requires further
      substantiation of the effects of early hearing loss on speech and language
      development.

PMID- 3385864
TI  - Pediatric tracheostomies: changing trends.
AB  - We reviewed all tracheostomies performed at Sainte-Justine Hospital between 1970
      and 1975, and between 1980 and 1985. The study indicates a significant decrease
      in the number of tracheostomies for the last period and an increase in the
      decannulation time from 28 to 91 days. Acute infection of the upper respiratory
      tracts was the major indication in the early 1970s whereas complications of
      prolonged intubation and congenital malformation predominated in the early '80s.
      Complications and mortality rate are also compared.

PMID- 3385865
TI  - Persistent buccopharyngeal membrane.
AB  - Persistent buccopharyngeal membrane is an extremely rare entity. We report a
      three-year-old boy who presented with an oral chord-like structure that extended
      from the base of the tongue up to the posterior part of the vomer. Only seven
      cases of persistent buccopharyngeal membrane could be found in the review of the
      literature. Embryology is also discussed.

PMID- 3385866
TI  - Lymph node infarction and malignant lymphoma: a case report.
AB  - An infarcted lymph node can precede, or occur simultaneously with, malignant
      lymphoma. Not infrequently a pathologic diagnosis of necrotic lymph node leaves
      the clinician puzzled as to its etiology after infectious and traumatic causes
      are excluded. The head and neck surgeon should be aware of this association and
      be prepared to follow these patients closely or rebiopsy to prevent delayed
      diagnosis of a malignant lymphoma. The literature is reviewed and a case of lymph
      node infarction with malignant lymphoma is presented to illustrate this
      clinicopathologic correlation.

PMID- 3385867
TI  - Cholesterol granuloma of the maxillary antrum.
AB  - A case of cholesterol granuloma of the maxillary antrum is presented, the eighth
      reported case in the ENT literature. It is postulated that a maxillary antral
      cholesterol granuloma could be associated with obstruction of the antral ostia,
      hemorrhage into polypoidal mucosal disease or that an antral cyst may have
      developed a cholesterol granuloma in its walls as a result of cholesterol
      precipitation. A review of the literature on cholesterol granuloma suggests that
      it is a condition which arises in a closed space with poor ventilation or
      drainage, with long-standing inflammation with effusion or hemorrhage
      contributing to the formation of free cholesterol crystals derived from tissue or
      blood breakdown products. The foreign body granuloma produced in this way is then
      self-perpetuating and requires complete removal for cure rather than a simple
      drainage procedure.

PMID- 3385868
TI  - Epidermoid formation in fetal ears.

PMID- 3385869
TI  - Assessment of the cricoarytenoid joint: high-resolution CT scan study with histo
      anatomical correlation.
AB  - Eight normal larynges from autopsy cases were CT scanned and 1.5 mm contiguous
      slices in the cricoarytenoid joint region were taken. The larynges were then
      sectioned and stained for histological correlation. Different degrees of
      calcification, ossification and bone marrow cavitation of the cricoid and
      arytenoid cartilages were observed. This explained the variety of presentations
      of these structures on CT films. For example, the cricoarytenoid articular
      interspace was not always visible due to the saddle-shaped configuration of the
      joint superimposing cartilages on axial views. Features of normal CA joints on CT
      scan are discussed.

PMID- 3385870
TI  - Inferior constrictor myotomy in oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy: clinical and
      manometric evaluation.
AB  - Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) is an autosomal dominant transmitted
      condition seen mainly in the French Canadian population. Twenty-one patients with
      an established diagnosis of this rare disease underwent inferior constrictor
      myotomy. All patients were evaluated clinically and 12 of them underwent
      pharyngoesophageal manometric evaluation both preoperatively and postoperatively.
      All patients presented with severe oropharyngeal dysphagia and frequent
      aspiration together with pharyngooral and pharyngonasal regurgitation. Our
      results showed that all symptoms were significantly improved after inferior
      constrictor myotomy. Manometric assessment showed significant differences in
      pressure, duration and frequency of pharyngeal contraction when compared with a
      control group. After surgery pharyngeal contraction frequency was significantly
      lowered toward the normal level but other parameters of pharyngeal function
      remained unchanged. At the level of the upper esophageal sphincter, resting and
      closing pressure, relaxation time, relaxation and coordination were studied.
      There was no significant difference between control subjects and OPMD patients
      for these variables. Surgery significantly lowered the resting and closing
      pressure of the sphincter but did not modify significantly the other parameters.

PMID- 3385871
TI  - Antibiotic prophylaxis in head and neck cancer surgery.
AB  - A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded trial of cefamandole in the
      prophylaxis of infection after major head and neck surgery was performed.
      Patients were given the drug on call to the operating room, and again four and
      eight hours after the initial dose. Twenty of 25 patients were evaluable. Wound
      infection developed in five of nine placebo recipients (55%), and three of 11
      (33%) receiving cefamandole. Mean duration of hospitalization was 91.1 days in
      the placebo group, 34.3 in the cefamandole group (p less than 0.05). The study
      was stopped because of excessive morbidity in the placebo group. Cefamandole
      decreases the duration of hospitalization following major head and neck cancer
      surgery.

PMID- 3385872
TI  - Prognostic and therapeutic implications of gender and menopausal status in
      laryngeal cancer.
AB  - Women with laryngeal cancer have been observed to respond better than men to
      primary radiotherapy, and to have a higher rate of survival. The presence of
      hormone receptors in laryngeal tumors raises the possibility that such gender
      related differences are hormone-dependent. The intent of our study was to confirm
      the better treatment response and rate of survival of women with laryngeal cancer
      and to evaluate the influence of natural hormonal change, the menopause, on
      survival. Treatment results for 161 women with laryngeal cancer were compared to
      a male, matched control group. No significant differences in disease-free
      survival, local and regional tumor control, and patterns of relapse could be
      demonstrated between the male and female patients. Menopausal status did not seem
      to influence the results of treatment or survival. Unable to verify reports that
      gender has prognostic significance in the treatment of laryngeal cancer, we
      concluded that advanced disease in women should be treated as aggressively as in
      their male counterparts.

PMID- 3385873
TI  - Gender differences in real-world hearing protector attenuation.
AB  - This research investigated the possibility of differences in real-world
      attenuation attributable to gender. A total of 160 subjects, 80 males and 80
      females, under the age of 45 years, and with normal hearing, were tested.
      Subjects were assigned to four hearing protector categories with the restriction
      that there were 20 males and 20 females in each group. The devices chosen for
      study were the E-A-R expandable foam plug, the Willson Sound Silencer premolded
      vinyl plug with double flange, the Bilsom Soft polyethylene encapsulated glass
      fiber plug, and the MSA Ear Defender (V-51R) premolded vinyl plug with single
      flange. Binaural headphone detection thresholds were measured in quiet with the
      open ear, and subsequently with protectors fitted binaurally for one-third octave
      noise bands centered at 250, 500, 1000, 3150 and 6300 Hz. The results indicated
      that attenuation scores achieved by females were less than those observed for
      males when the device was sold in only one size. Apart from the question of
      adequate sizing, for two of the insert protectors studied, mean achieved
      attenuation fell short of the manufacturer's specifications by as much as 18 dB,
      for particular frequencies tested. The relatively wide variation in scores
      observed for all four protectors in spite of experimenter-fit could not be
      accounted for by differences in either hearing threshold across subjects or by
      size of plug fit, for those devices available in several sizes.

PMID- 3385874
TI  - Temporal summation in hearing-impaired listeners.
AB  - A study was conducted to explore variations in auditory temporal summation in
      listeners with normal hearing, and impairment due to otosclerosis, sensori-neural
      hearing loss and acoustic neuroma. Using a two-interval forced-choice procedure
      the detection threshold was measured for one-third octave noise bands centered at
      either 1000 or 4000 Hz, in combination with eight signal durations (2.5, 5, 10,
      20, 40, 80, 160, and 640 ms). The results indicated that for normal listeners:
      (1) the slope of the function relating the detection threshold and the signal
      duration varied inversely with the frequency tested, and (2) the variability in
      the detection threshold was greater for 4000 Hz than for 1000 Hz. A comparison of
      performance across groups showed that the magnitude of the slope of the temporal
      integration function decreased as the site of lesion moved from middle ear to
      eighth nerve. For listeners with normal hearing and those with otosclerosis,
      temporal integration appeared to be incomplete at 640 ms.

PMID- 3385875
TI  - Photoplethysmographic selection of amputation level in peripheral vascular
      disease.
AB  - In a prospective study 37 patients who required amputations of the leg were
      studied with a new technique: segmental photoplethysmographic skin perfusion
      pressures. The decision to amputate was made by a vascular surgeon in a
      traditional manner, with the aid of clinical criteria. The simple method of
      determining skin perfusion pressures with photoplethysmography is described; 273
      measurements were performed. The technique proved to be highly correlated (r =
      0.88) with wound healing after amputation, at a separating value of 21 mm Hg (p =
      0.0001). The study suggests that the value of this noninvasive method will be to
      enable the surgeon to amputate at a lower level and to diminish complications and
      failure of rehabilitation.

PMID- 3385876
TI  - Self-retaining retraction techniques for vascular surgery: use of a mechanical
      robot arm.
AB  - Self-retaining retraction techniques for the performance of major vascular
      operations are described. These techniques use standard instruments present in
      all operating rooms in addition to newer devices, such as mechanical arm
      retractors and fixed-frame retractors. They can provide exposure of the femoral
      and iliac arteries, all portions of the abdominal aorta and its branches, the
      lumbar sympathetic chain, the carotid, the axillary, and all lower extremity
      arteries. These techniques have been applied in 1051 operations and have provided
      superior exposure without the need for multiple surgical assistants.

PMID- 3385877
TI  - Renal artery intimal flaps after blunt trauma: indications for nonoperative
      therapy.
AB  - After sustaining blunt abdominal trauma, two patients were found to have intimal
      flaps in extrahilar renal arteries without thrombosis. These renal artery
      injuries were observed without surgical repair because of severe concomitant
      multiple organ trauma. Continued patency of the renal arteries was confirmed by
      sequential renal scans or arteriograms. To decrease the risk of morbidity and
      death after blunt renovascular trauma, a patent artery with an intimal flap may
      be observed. Mandatory urgent repair is reserved for patients with bilateral
      renal injuries or for patients with a solitary kidney. Should symptomatic renal
      infarction or hypertension develop, delayed renal artery repair or nephrectomy is
      indicated.

PMID- 3385878
TI  - Age of onset, pattern of distribution, and histology of aneurysm development in a
      genetically predisposed mouse model.
AB  - The blotchy mouse has an X chromosome mutation affecting crosslinking of collagen
      and elastin, which results in aneurysmal dilatation of the aorta. The age of
      onset, patterns of distribution, and histologic features of these lesions have
      not been characterized in detail in previous studies. Male normal and blotchy
      mice 1 to 8 months of age were killed and latex was injected into the left
      ventricles to facilitate exposure, examination, histologic sampling, and
      photography of the aorta. Aneurysms were not detected in any normal animals but
      the affected animals had a progressive increase in the incidence of aneurysms
      with age, reaching 100% by 6 months. Most aneurysms occurred in the ascending
      aorta, with some also present in the descending thoracic and abdominal segments.
      Some animals had multiple aneurysms. Histologically the blotchy mice aortas
      exhibited disrupted elastic lamellae and thickening of the interlamellar spaces.
      These spaces contained conspicuously pleomorphic smooth muscle cells, confirmed
      by electron microscopy. These changes occurred as early as 21 days, when there
      was no gross evidence of aneurysmal development. Aortic aneurysms develop in
      blotchy mice in a consistent fashion, with characteristic gross and histologic
      changes. These animals provide a practical model for further studies of
      aneurysmal disease, including possible therapeutic interventions to prevent
      aneurysm development.

PMID- 3385879
TI  - Ancrod: a practical alternative to heparin.
AB  - To rapidly start systemic anticoagulation there are few alternatives to heparin;
      those that may be used are often less effective and are impractical substitutes
      for various reasons. We report the cases of seven patients in whom anticoagulant
      therapy was begun with ancrod instead of heparin for one or more of the following
      reasons: (1) failure to achieve systemic anticoagulation in response to heparin
      (e.g., antithrombin III deficiency), (2) heparin-associated complications (e.g.,
      thrombocytopenia, thrombosis, or both), and (3) combined anticoagulation and
      improved blood rheology considered to be potentially more beneficial than
      anticoagulation alone (e.g., massive thrombosis). In the cases reported, ancrod
      permitted systemic anticoagulation equal to that of heparin; this was achieved
      without bleeding complications. In contrast to streptokinase or urokinase, ancrod
      does not degrade preformed, fully cross-linked thrombin fibrin; consequently
      hemorrhagic complications are uncommon. Ancrod appears to be an appropriate
      alternative to heparin and may be preferable to it in certain circumstances.

PMID- 3385880
TI  - Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging: its diagnostic value in patients with
      congenital vascular malformations of the limbs.
AB  - Congenital vascular malformations (CVMs) of the limb include simple and cavernous
      hemangiomas, microarteriovenous and macroarteriovenous fistulas, venous angiomas,
      and mixed CVMs. In differentiating these lesions, Doppler waveform analysis,
      labeled microsphere studies, arteriography, closed-space phlebography, and
      contrast-enhanced CT scans have all been advocated, but each has significant
      limitations. This article evaluates the ability of magnetic resonance imaging
      (MRI) in characterizing CVMs. Limb CVMs were evaluated by MRI in eight patients:
      four in the upper and four in the lower extremity. Before MRI, seven of the
      patients had arteriography, five had phlebography, and five had Doppler waveform
      analysis. MRI showed a highly cellular network with little arteriovenous flow in
      five patients. In four of these, arteriography and phlebography confirmed the
      presence of a predominantly venous or microfistulous anomaly. In the other three
      patients, MRI demonstrated high-flow arterial and venous channels and were
      confirmed by arteriography to have macrofistulous arteriovenous malformations. In
      all eight patients, MRI revealed the anatomic location and the longitudinal and
      transverse extent of the vascular malformation as well as their relationships
      with contiguous muscle groups, bones, and vessels. We conclude that CVMs of the
      limbs can be characterized accurately with MRI, with the anatomic extent, degree
      of cellularity, and flow characteristics readily gauged. Because MRI provides the
      same basic information supplied by angiography and the noninvasive laboratory and
      assesses anatomic extent and cellularity, it serves well as the primary
      diagnostic test for suspected CVMs, particularly in infants and children in whom
      competitive tests pose additional limitations.

PMID- 3385881
TI  - Nonpenetrating subclavian artery trauma.
AB  - Nonpenetrating injury to the subclavian vessels is uncommon. During a 6-year
      period we have treated 167 patients with injuries to the subclavian and superior
      mediastinal arteries. Fifteen of these injuries (9%) occurred after blunt trauma.
      In 10 patients the proximal segment (first and second parts) of the artery was
      involved. No patient had an isolated injury; the most frequent associated
      injuries were rib fractures (n = 11), with the first rib being involved in four
      of these. Total brachial plexus disruption was found in nine patients. All
      patients with distal artery involvement had a clavicular fracture. All had an
      absent radial pulse and eight had critical ischemia of the hand. Four patients
      were treated nonoperatively and the remainder were treated along standard lines.
      Brachial plexus reconstruction was not feasible in any patient. Within 2 weeks of
      operation, one patient died as a result of head injuries and one required
      amputation because of sepsis. During a 12-month period, five regained full
      function, one additional patient requested above-elbow amputation after 6 months,
      and seven had a flail anesthetic limb. Twelve of these patients were involved in
      automobile accidents, eight of whom were wearing lap-shoulder harness seat belts
      with a loose-fitting shoulder strap component that created a characteristic
      abrasion pattern on the torso and chest. We conclude that the torsionshearing
      motion allowed by this situation contributed significantly to the pattern of
      injury and a plea is made for correctly fitted restraining devices.

PMID- 3385882
TI  - Long-term brachial artery catheterization: ischemic complications.
AB  - The brachial artery is not used for long-term catheterization and routine
      hemodynamic monitoring because a high incidence of ischemic complications is
      anticipated. However, in a review of 157 patients who had 225 percutaneous
      transbrachial hepatic artery catheters placed for infusion of chemotherapeutic
      agents, catheters remained in situ from 1 day to 14 months (median 68 days). One
      hundred seventy-three catheters (77%) were removed electively and 52 catheters
      (23%) were removed because of complications. Diminution or loss of the radial
      pulses occurred on insertion of 88 catheters (39.1%) and 16 of these (8%) were
      removed after 24 hours because ischemic symptoms developed. Subsequently, 25
      other catheters (11.1%) were removed because of complications such as
      paresthesia, eight (3.5%); brachial artery thrombosis, four (1.7%);
      microembolization, three (1.3%); claudication, two (0.8%); and pseudoaneurysm,
      one (0.4%). Seven catheters (3.1%) were removed because of a combination of
      pallor, diminished pulses, and muscle weakness. Hemorrhage from the arteriotomy
      site necessitated the removal of 11 other catheters (4.9%). Amputation, ischemic
      ulceration, major neuromuscular sequelae, and peripheral embolization to the head
      or lower limbs did not occur. This study suggests that long-term brachial artery
      catheterization is associated with a low incidence of permanent ischemic
      complications.

PMID- 3385883
TI  - Transpubic ilio-deep femoral-anterior tibial sequential bypass with nonreversed
      translocated saphenous vein for limb salvage.
AB  - We report a case of successive occlusions of aortofemoral, femorofemoral,
      axillofemoral, and numerous thrombectomies successfully managed by the use of
      nonreversed translocated saphenous vein for transpubic ilio-deep femoral-anterior
      tibial sequential bypass.

PMID- 3385885
TI  - Aortoesophageal fistula.

PMID- 3385884
TI  - Management of renal artery trauma.

PMID- 3385886
TI  - Comparison between the transabdominal and retroperitoneal approach for
      reconstruction of the infrarenal abdominal aorta.

PMID- 3385887
TI  - Repair of thoracic aortic aneurysms in the elderly: are shunts necessary?

PMID- 3385888
TI  - Clearer picture emerging of methotrexate role as part of rheumatoid arthritis
      treatment.

PMID- 3385889
TI  - Several research avenues may improve understanding of multiple sclerosis.

PMID- 3385890
TI  - NASA adds simplified pole escape system as nation prepares to launch shuttle
      craft.

PMID- 3385891
TI  - Routine preoperative screening for HIV.

PMID- 3385892
TI  - Appropriateness of autologous blood transfusion.

PMID- 3385893
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging of the central nervous system.

PMID- 3385894
TI  - Body mass index and mortality in the elderly.

PMID- 3385895
TI  - Alopecia and amphetamine use.

PMID- 3385896
TI  - Pneumonitis caused by metronidazole.

PMID- 3385897
TI  - Early return to work after uncomplicated myocardial infarction. Results of a
      randomized trial.
AB  - To determine if an occupational work evaluation could shorten the time to return
      to work, 201 employed men aged 49 +/- 7 years who were recovering from
      uncomplicated myocardial infarction were randomized to usual care (n = 102) or to
      an occupational work evaluation (n = 99). The occupational work evaluation
      consisted of a symptom-limited treadmill test performed 23 +/- 3 days after
      myocardial infarction and a formal recommendation to the patient and primary
      physician that the patient return to work within the next two weeks. The groups
      did not differ in age, medical status, comorbid disease, occupation type, or
      years on the job. At six months, 92% of patients receiving the intervention and
      88% of patients receiving usual care were working either full- or part-time.
      Return to full-time work occurred at a median of 51 days in patients receiving
      the intervention and 75 days in patients receiving usual care. This 32% reduction
      in the convalescence period was associated with +2102 of additional earned salary
      per intervention patient in the six months after myocardial infarction. One or
      more recurrent cardiac events occurred in 14 intervention patients (one death,
      one nonfatal myocardial infarction, three angioplasties, and nine coronary
      surgeries) and in 13 usual-care patients (two deaths, three nonfatal myocardial
      infarctions, six angioplasties, and seven coronary surgeries) in the six months
      after myocardial infarction. The early return to work of low-risk patients based
      on an occupational work evaluation is associated with important economic
      benefits.

PMID- 3385898
TI  - Scleroderma after silicone augmentation mammoplasty.
AB  - Scleroderma was diagnosed in five patients two to 21 years after silicone
      augmentation mammoplasty. Four patients had features of typical scleroderma and
      one patient had the clinical features of eosinophilic fasciitis. These five
      patients represent 4.4% of 113 new female patients with scleroderma who were seen
      during a period of seven years. In contrast, only one (0.3%) of 286 new patients
      with rheumatoid arthritis who were seen during the same interval had had a breast
      implant. This difference was statistically significant and suggests a
      relationship between silicone augmentation mammoplasty and scleroderma. Due to
      the long period of latency observed, the full impact of this association may not
      yet be apparent.

PMID- 3385899
TI  - Information on treatment INDs as they become available to the practitioner.

PMID- 3385900
TI  - A piece of my mind. The rain.

PMID- 3385901
TI  - 'Slow down and proceed with caution' is new rule for brain-graft surgeons.

PMID- 3385902
TI  - Answering the call of 'high tech medicine': wedding engineering to healing art,
      science.

PMID- 3385903
TI  - Asthma mortality rate raises questions, emphasizes need to determine facts of
      situation.

PMID- 3385904
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Rocky Mountain spotted fever--United States, 1987.

PMID- 3385905
TI  - Mammography screening in women under age 50 years.

PMID- 3385906
TI  - Screening for alcoholism.

PMID- 3385907
TI  - Delirium from transdermal scopolamine in an elderly woman.

PMID- 3385908
TI  - Visiting patients in their homes.

PMID- 3385909
TI  - Unique vascular skin lesions associated with human immunodeficiency virus.
AB  - We report four patients with antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus and/or
      acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who were noted to have unique vascular lesions
      that clinically resembled Kaposi's sarcoma or pyogenic granulomas. The lesions
      were asymptomatic erythematous-violaceous papules and nodules. They erupted over
      several weeks, without predilection for a specific cutaneous site. Most lesions
      resolved spontaneously. Histologically these lesions revealed a proliferation of
      vascular spaces lined by plump, cuboidal endothelial cells embedded in an
      edematous stroma with an inflammatory infiltrate. It is unclear if these lesions
      represent Kaposi's sarcoma or pyogenic granulomas or if they are distinct
      neoplasms associated with human immunodeficiency virus.

PMID- 3385910
TI  - Are intravenous corticosteroids required in status asthmaticus?
AB  - Seventy-seven patients with status asthmaticus were prospectively studied to
      compare oral with intravenous methylprednisolone. Patients were given
      methylprednisolone, either 160 or 320 mg orally or 500 or 1000 mg intravenously,
      daily in equally divided doses. They were randomly assigned to either group on a
      daily sequential basis. Spirometry was performed within one hour of the initial
      dose of steroids. The mean presenting forced expiratory volume in 1 s was 26% of
      the predicted value. Spirometry was then repeated every six hours for the first
      24 hours and then every eight to 12 hours until discharge or 72 hours, whichever
      occurred first. There were no significant differences in the incidence of
      respiratory failure, forced expiratory volume in 1 s, days of hospitalization,
      rate of improvement in pulmonary function, or side effects. No patient who went
      into respiratory failure did so more than three hours after receiving the initial
      dose of steroids. We conclude that oral methylprednisolone is safe and effective
      in the treatment of status asthmaticus.

PMID- 3385911
TI  - Step care for asthma.

PMID- 3385912
TI  - A piece of my mind. Making the difference.

PMID- 3385913
TI  - Platelet aggregation and thromboxane B2 release in patients with acute myocardial
      infarction--their relation to coronary patency.
AB  - Platelet function in the aortic blood in 39 patients who underwent intracoronary
      thrombolysis with urokinase was evaluated in the acute stage of myocardial
      infarction and after 4 weeks. The patients were classified into 2 groups
      according to the patency of the infarct vessel shown by coronary arteriography
      before urokinase administration. In the acute stage, 26 patients with completely
      occluded infarct vessel (group 1) showed a decreased level of platelet
      aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate or arachidonic acid as compared with
      13 patients with patent infarct vessel (group 2). The platelet aggregation in
      group 1 increased 4 weeks later and both groups showed similarly enhanced
      platelet aggregation levels as compared with normal controls. Like platelet
      aggregation, serum thromboxane B2 production in group 1 was lower than that in
      group 2 in the acute stage. Plasma thromboxane B2 levels in the aorta in both
      groups were significantly elevated in the acute stage, and were normalized after
      4 weeks. This elevation of thromboxane B2 seems to be due to its washout from the
      infarct vessel, because plasma thromboxane B2 levels were significantly higher in
      the great cardiac vein than those in the aorta after successful reperfusion in
      group 1 or group 2. In conclusion, despite a significant elevation in plasma
      thromboxane B2 levels, platelet aggregation and serum thromboxane B2 production
      relatively decrease in patients with totally occluded infarct vessel. The patency
      of the infarct vessels should be taken into account when evaluating platelet
      function in acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3385914
TI  - Pulmonary hypertension in progressive muscular dystrophy of the Duchenne type.
AB  - Right heart catheterization was performed in 8 patients with progressive muscular
      dystrophy of the Duchenne type (DMD) at the advanced stage. A mean pulmonary
      arterial pressure in excess of 20 mmHg was observed in all cases. Five of them
      showed severe pulmonary hypertension with a mean pressure above 40 mmHg. Since
      pulmonary hypertension was relieved by correction of hypoxemia, this represented
      a precapillary pulmonary hypertension caused by constriction of the pulmonary
      artery. Furthermore, elevation of the mean right atrial pressure above 5 mmHg was
      observed in 6 of the 8 cases, indicating the possible presence of right
      ventricular failure. Despite the presence of left ventricular dysfunction as
      assessed by echocardiogram, no manifestations of left ventricular failure, such
      as dyspnea and pulmonary rales, were noted in any of the patients. In conclusion,
      it can be said that even in the terminal stage of DMD, the left ventricular
      function may, in fact, still remain not markedly involved, and that respiratory
      failure, as well as right ventricular failure caused by precapillary pulmonary
      hypertension, will tend to occur frequently and may play a determinant role in
      prognosis of the advanced DMD patient.

PMID- 3385915
TI  - Distribution and progression of coronary arterial and aortic lesions in the
      conventional Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbit--quantitative analysis.
AB  - The distribution and progression of coronary arterial and aortic lesions were
      examined in 40 conventional Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL) rabbits.
      They were classified according to age into stage I (3-5 months old, 14 rabbits),
      stage II (6-12 months old; 12 rabbits) and stage III (14-28 months old; 14
      rabbits). Fifteen normal Japanese rabbits served as controls. The findings
      obtained from serial and transverse sections of each of the extramural coronary
      arteries (ECA) and transverse sections of 4 to 5 equal pieces of whole ventricle
      for intramural coronary arteries (ICA) were quantified by an image analyzer.
      Atherosclerosis with positive Sudan III stain was seen in aorta, ECA and ICA over
      200 mu in diameter. Atherosclerotic lesions were noted in the aortic arch in
      stage I rabbits and in the whole aorta in stages II and III rabbits. In ECA,
      stenosis due to atherosclerosis was noted in 14, 33 and 93% of stages I, II and
      III rabbits, respectively. Stenosis of over 75% in the orifices of the left and
      right coronary arteries was noted frequently (71%), while mural thrombi,
      hemorrhage, intimal rupture and recanalization were seen rarely. Striking
      features were non-atherosclerotic stenosis with negative Sudan III, seen in the
      ICA less than 200 mu in diameter of almost all the hearts of stages II and III
      rabbits. Acute and old myocardial infarction appeared in 5 of the 14 hearts of
      the stage III rabbits and the infarct-related ECA showed severe stenosis of over
      90%. In conclusion, to detect coronary atherosclerosis, serial and transverse
      sections of ECA are needed. In conventional WHHL rabbits, the incidence of
      stenosis in ECA is very high, compared with that of the previous reports, and
      myocardial infarction is due to severe stenosis in ECA. Non-atherosclerotic
      lesions in ICA occur before the appearance of the atherosclerotic lesions in ECA.

PMID- 3385916
TI  - P wave changes in body surface potential maps due to increasing heart rate during
      exercise in normals.
AB  - Exercise-induced changes in P maps were investigated in normal subjects (n = 20)
      in order to clarify the basic changes in P maps caused by exercise in patients
      with ischemic heart disease or by exercise-induced dysfunction of the left
      ventricle in patients with various heart diseases. Maps were obtained using an 87
      lead-point system (HPM-6500, Chunichi-Denshi Corporation) and were recorded at
      rest and at heart rates up to 140/min in 20/min steps under graded bicycle
      ergometric exercise. P waves were divided into 3 phases (initial, middle and
      terminal) by locating the maximum. Maps were characterized by the distribution
      pattern of the positive and negative potentials in each frame. Peak voltages
      increased proportionally to the increase in heart rate. We observed a decrease in
      P wave duration concomitant with the increase in heart rate. Time from P onset to
      peak voltage increased slightly. We believe these findings to be due to the
      acceleration of sympathetic nerve tone accompanying exercise. We observed 2
      patterns: type A showed the relatively short middle and terminal phases, and type
      B a prolongation of the middle phase and a shortening of the terminal phase. We
      consider the differences between types A and B to be partly due to individual
      differences in the degree of increase in pulmonary air volume and sympathetic
      nerve tone influence on the atria. In evaluating the exercise-induced P map
      changes, special consideration should be paid to the changes due to increase in
      heart rate.

PMID- 3385917
TI  - Observations on rapid ventricular pacing during reentrant ventricular tachycardia
      in canine myocardial infarction--the use of epicardial mapping in demonstrating
      the modes of resetting, concealed perpetuation and termination of reentry.
AB  - The changes in activation sequences in and around the epicardial reentrant
      circuit were analyzed during rapid pacing against ventricular tachycardia by
      using a canine infarction model. In 13 episodes of sustained ventricular
      tachycardia induced by a premature stimulation technique in eight dogs, reentry
      circuits were located in the superficial subepicardial myocardium in eight.
      Pacing stimuli were clearly demonstrated to enter the reentrant circuit in two
      directions: one wavefront collided with the orthodromic reentrant wavefront and
      the other entered prematurely into the reentrant circuit to reset the tachycardia
      (resetting phenomenon). With a faster pacing rate, stimuli failed to reset the
      tachycardia due to slower entry into the circuit despite the fact that most
      epicardial recording sites were activated by pacing wavefronts (concealed
      perpetuation). Termination of tachycardia was achieved by a local conduction
      block in the center of the reentrant circuit. A pacing impulse which encountered
      the local block was also shown to reinitiate the tachycardia using a different
      reentrant pathway. These different phenomena could be observed in consecutive
      pacing beats. These epicardial mapping data provided a direct
      electrophysiological basis for the mechanisms of reentrant ventricular
      tachycardia and the mode of its termination.

PMID- 3385918
TI  - Benign ventricular tachycardia in systemic sarcoidosis--a case of false tendon.
AB  - A 22-year-old female patient was diagnosed as having systemic sarcoidosis with
      pulmonary, skin and ocular lesions, and ventricular tachycardia in resting ECG.
      Although cardiac sarcoidosis was strongly suspected at diagnosis, no clinical
      symptom such as palpitation or syncope developed during the three year
      observation period. Cardiac silhouette was unchanged in chest X-ray and
      201thallium myocardial scintigraphy revealed no abnormality. Ventricular complex
      was suppressed by exercise or tachycardia. Two-dimensional echocardiogram showed
      abnormal fascicular bands attached from the mid-septum to the apex (false
      tendon). Therefore, it was concluded that this benign form of ventricular
      tachycardia might be due to the false tendon, rather than to the cardiac
      involvement of sarcoidosis. The cause of arrhythmia is important when evaluating
      the prognosis of a patient with a systemic disease.

PMID- 3385919
TI  - The 1986 survey of pacemaker implantation in Japan. Report from the Pacemaker
      Committee of the Japanese Circulation Society and the Japan Society of Medical
      Electronics and Biological Engineering, and the Japanese Cardiac Pacing Society.

PMID- 3385920
TI  - [Epidemiology of lymphoid malignancy].
AB  - Number of malignant lymphomas and leukemias in Japan from 1955 to 1983 was
      analyzed. Regional aggregation and trend in lymphoid malignancies from 1973 to
      1983 clarified that southern Kyushu and Okinawa were high mortality areas.
      Autopsied cases (43,044 between 1974-84) showed the similar trend. Risk factors
      for lymphoid malignancies were reviewed.

PMID- 3385921
TI  - [Progress of radiation therapy in malignant lymphomas].
AB  - Radiation therapy is keeping an important role on treating stage I, II and III A
      Hodgkin's disease. Several prognostic factors influencing treatment result were
      discovered recently even though patients conditions belong to the same stage.
      Owing to rapid progress of multi-anticancer drug chemotherapy, indication of
      radiotherapy of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma has become narrower than 10 years ago.
      However, radiotherapy is important to cure both stage I and early stage II non
      Hodgkin's lymphoma with low or intermediate grade histological malignancy.

PMID- 3385922
TI  - [Chemotherapy of malignant lymphomas].
AB  - According to recent advances in chemotherapy containing adriamycin, now complete
      remission can be obtained in more than 80 percent of patients with stage 3 and 4
      diffuse large cell lymphomas, and the cure rate could also be expected in more
      than 60 percent of patients. The easiest way to obtain better results would be
      the introduction of chemotherapy in stage 1 and 2. The kinds of chemotherapy
      chosen in planning the design of the treatment should be such as to eradicate
      microdisseminated disease, and only such chemotherapy will contribute to
      improvement in survival rates.

PMID- 3385923
TI  - [The role of radiation therapy in the management of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma].
AB  - For patients with stage I-II malignant lymphoma with low-grade malignancy, five
      year survival rates after radiation therapy are 75-100%. For patients with
      intermediate malignancy, five-year survival rates after radiation therapy alone
      are 70-100% for patients with pathological stage I-II and 45-75% for clinical
      stage I-II. Radiation dose to the tumor at least 40 Gy was required to produce
      consistent local control. Initial use of chemotherapy with radiation therapy is
      indicated to improve relapse-free survival rate for patients with clinical stage
      I-II, as well as pathological stage I-II.

PMID- 3385924
TI  - [Results of radiation therapy of stage I-II non-Hodgkin's lymphoma localized in
      the head and neck--a report of the Japanese Lymphoma Radiation Therapy Study
      Group].
AB  - A retrospective analysis of 1514 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma treated
      between 1972 and 1985 was performed. Of these cases, 114 with histology of low
      grade malignancy and 750 with intermediate malignancy were localized in the head
      and neck. All patients received definitive course of radiation therapy, including
      390 cases with adjuvant chemotherapy. For cases with low-grade malignancy, all
      cases were locally controlled and five-year relapse free survival rates were 85%
      in stage I, and 75% in stage II. For cases with intermediate malignancy, local
      control rates were 97% in stage I, and 87% in stage II. Five-year survival rates
      were 67% in stage I and 50% in stage II. There were no benefit on survival rates
      from adjuvant use of chemotherapy with radiation therapy as compared to radiation
      therapy alone.

PMID- 3385925
TI  - [Results of radiation therapy of stage I-II non-Hodgkin's lymphoma localized in
      the head and neck: Osaka University Hospital experience].
AB  - A retrospective analysis of 251 patients (stage I: 125; stage II: 126) with non
      Hodgkin's lymphoma localized in the head and neck and treated between 1971 and
      1985 was performed. Of these, 28 patients (11%) had histology of low-grade
      malignancy, and 218 (87%) had intermediate malignancy. Waldeyer's ring was the
      most frequent site of involvements (114 cases), extranodal site (91), and
      cervical lymph node(s) (46) in the order. Treatment consisted of radiation
      therapy alone in 173 patients and 78 patients were treated with chemotherapy
      combined. Local control rates by radiation therapy was 95%. Five-year survival
      and relapse-free survival rates were 72% and 61%, respectively, in stage I, and
      63% and 54%, respectively, in stage II. A brief chemotherapy for 2 cycles
      followed by local-regional radiation therapy appeared better survival as compared
      to initial radiation therapy alone.

PMID- 3385926
TI  - [Results of radiation therapy of stage I non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of Waldeyer's
      ring].
AB  - The treatment records of 107 patients with stage I diffuse non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
      of the Waldeyer's ring, who were irradiated at 7 institutions from 1972 through
      1985, were analyzed. The local control rate, the 5 year actuarial survival rate
      and the 5 year relapse-free survival rate were 96.4%, 76.2% and 76.6%,
      respectively. Any high risk group could not be found in the pathological subtype,
      the initial site of the tumor and the tumor size. There were 17 relapse cases
      within the first 2 years after radiotherapy. Most relapse occurred in the distant
      site from the irradiated field. With these results, the treatment policy of
      Waldeyer's ring lymphoma of stage I was discussed.

PMID- 3385927
TI  - [Results of radiation therapy of stage II non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the
      Waldeyer's ring: a report of the Japanese Lymphoma Radiation Therapy Study
      Group].
AB  - A retrospective analysis of 245 patients with stage II non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of
      the Waldeyer's ring treated between 1972 and 1985 was performed. Treatment
      consisted of radiation therapy alone in 96 patients and 149 patients were treated
      with chemotherapy combined. Five-year survival and relapse-free survival rates
      were 57% and 50%, respectively. For cases with DH, they were 64% and 55%
      respectively, and for DLPD 31% and 27%, respectively. Of the cases with relapse,
      21% were seen in stomach or intestine. There were no difference on survival rates
      between radiation therapy alone and chemotherapy combined with radiation therapy.

PMID- 3385928
TI  - [Radiation therapy in the extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the maxillo-facial
      region].
AB  - An analysis was made on localized extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in the
      maxillo-facial region treated with radiation. Histopathological evaluation was
      reviewed by Rappaport classification and Working Formulation (WF). High grade
      histology of WF was rather frequent (32%) compared to Waldeyer's (NHL) (7%).
      Prognosis of the disease was highly influenced by histopathologic grade in WF;
      five-year survival rate was 100% with low grade, 65.6% with intermediate grade
      and 33.3% with high grade. Marginal relapse was rare after radiation dose of 30
      50 Gy, however, there was a high incidence of bone and/or soft tissue relapses.
      Bone marrow biopsy and bone scintigram were useful examinations in the staging
      procedure of extranodal NHL.

PMID- 3385929
TI  - [Results of radiation therapy in extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the head
      and neck--a study of the Japan Lymphoma Radiation Therapy Study Group].
AB  - Extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in the head and neck except Waldeyer's
      ring treated with radiation were analyzed. No definite difference was observed
      both in actuarial and relapse-free five-year survival rate between stage I and
      II. There was a high survival rate with orbital NHL in which most of the patients
      occupied with favorable histology. Prognosis of the disease was highly influenced
      by the histologic subtype; five-year survival was 91.4% in DWDL, 77.2% in the DM,
      52.0% in DPDL and 51.7% in DH. Application of histologic classification with the
      Working Formulation was also recommended. There was a high incidence of
      extranodal relapses to bone and/or soft tissue from the lesions with nasal
      cavity, paranasal sinus and oral cavity.

PMID- 3385930
TI  - [Results of radiation therapy of stage I and II nodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
      originated in the cervical lymph nodes--a study of the Japan Lymphoma Radiation
      Therapy Study Group].
AB  - During the years 1972-81, 118 patients with stage I (78 cases) and II (40) nodal
      non-Hodgkin's lymphoma originated in the neck were treated with radiation. 5 year
      survival rates were 74% for stage I and 40% for stage II. Favorable histology
      group showed better prognosis than unfavorable one. Among stage I patients with
      unfavorable histology group, prognostic factors were studied and tumor size
      larger than 4 cm is found to be a sole prognostic factor.

PMID- 3385931
TI  - [Results of the treatment of malignant lymphoma of the brain--a report of Japan
      Lymphoma Radiation Therapy Group (JLRTG)].
AB  - Retrospective analysis of patients with malignant lymphoma of the brain was
      carried out. All cases were mainly treated with radiation therapy. Overall
      survival was 44% and 37% at two and five year. Survival was statistically better
      for patients with diffuse medium-sized cell or diffuse mixed type compared with
      diffuse large cell type by the LSG classification, for the age group less than 50
      years compared with greater than or equal to 50 years, and for the group with
      Karnofsky Index greater than or equal to 50% compared with less than or equal to
      40%. In 11 of 15 patients the first recurrent site was the central nervous
      system.

PMID- 3385932
TI  - [Recurrence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: local control failures and regional
      recurrences].
AB  - From 1972 to 1982, 563 patients with Stage I and II non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
      received radiation therapy in the department of radiology which belongs to the
      JLRTS group. Local control failures were seen in only 5 cases (0.9%). The
      regional recurrences were found in 30 cases (5%). 17 of recurrences occurred
      during the first 5 years. 17 cases had remissions again, and 5 cases had 5 year
      survivals.

PMID- 3385933
TI  - [Recurrence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: late recurrences].
AB  - 563 patients with Stage I and II non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were treated by
      radiotherapy. 34 recurrences that occurred after 3 years from initial treatment
      were seen in those patients. 15 (44%) of 34 recurrences occurred after 5 years.
      20 patients (59%) had remission by re-treatment, and 13 (38%) survived more than
      2 years. 20 (59%) of recurrences were seen on head and neck lesions and
      superficial lymph nodes.

PMID- 3385934
TI  - [Results of the radiotherapy of Hodgkin's disease (a JLRTG report). Japan
      Lymphoma Radiation Therapy Group].
AB  - A total of 234 patients of Hodgkin's disease treated at 7 institutions from 1972
      through 1985 were analyzed. Male to female ratio was 157: 77, mean age was 39.8
      years, and overall 5- and 10-year survival were 67% and 56%, respectively. Of 126
      patients treated by radiotherapy with more than 36 Gy, alone or preceded to other
      treatments, 5- and 10-year survival rates were 84% and 80% for Stage I (43
      patients), 79% and 69% for Stage II (71 pts.), and 52% and none for Stage III (12
      pts.), respectively. Survival rate was better for LP, NS and MC histologies as
      compared to LD, better for patients without constitutional symptoms, as compared
      to patients with B, and better for patients with ages younger than 59 years as
      compared to those with ages over 60 years. Relapse was observed in 57 out of 126
      patients. Relapse within the irradiation field was observed in only 4, and nodal
      areas outside the field, especially of abdomen (1/3), were the most common sites.
      Half of the relapses occurred within 20 months, and 80%, 40 months. Five-year
      survival of patients after relapse to lower torso lymph nodes (19 patients) was
      37%, which was worse than patients after relapse to upper torso lymph nodes (15
      patients: 63%) (z = 1.507, N.S.).

PMID- 3385935
TI  - [Results of the radiotherapy of Hodgkin's disease (Analysis of cases at Osaka
      University Hospital)].
AB  - A total of 32 patients of Hodgkin's disease treated mainly by radiotherapy at the
      Department of Radiology, Osaka University Hospital from 1971 through 1985 were
      analyzed. Five- and ten-year survival rates for all patients were 91%, 78%;
      Clinical Stage I (15 patients): 93%, 83%; Stage II (8 pts.): 100%, 100%; Stage
      III (9 pts.): 78%, 52%, respectively, and 5- and 10-year relapse-free rates for
      all patients: 72%, 62%; St. I 87%, 76%; St. II: 63%, 63%; St. III: 56%, 42%,
      respectively. Patients with tumor originated in the upper neck consisted of 7
      patients (47%) in Stage I and no relapse was observed outside the irradiated
      field. However, 2 recurrences (1 within RT field, and another Stage III at margin
      of the field) were observed around the upper neck in patients treated with only
      the mantle field encompassing the upper neck area. Treatment portal should be
      considered to cover Waldeyer's ring and skull base with lateral portals.

PMID- 3385936
TI  - [Discussion on the coagulation-fibrinolytic system in plasma during pregnancy-
      changes in the system in DIC].

PMID- 3385937
TI  - [Familial histiocytosis with aggressive clinical courses].

PMID- 3385938
TI  - [A therapeutic trial with low-dose Ara-C in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia and
      myelodysplastic syndromes: a study of 15 cases].

PMID- 3385939
TI  - [An effective antilymphocyte globulin treatment in a case of aplastic anemia].

PMID- 3385940
TI  - [Treatment of three cases of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura with plasma
      exchange].

PMID- 3385941
TI  - [Long-term follow-up of Hodgkin's disease and unfavorable type of non-Hodgkin's
      lymphoma].

PMID- 3385942
TI  - [Protein C levels in childhood disseminated intravascular coagulation].

PMID- 3385943
TI  - [Effect of combination chemotherapy with adriamycin in elderly non-Hodgkin's
      lymphoma patients].

PMID- 3385944
TI  - [Latamoxef-induced agranulocytosis--direct inhibition of CFU-C by in vitro colony
      assay].

PMID- 3385945
TI  - [Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, associated with deep vein thrombosis
      induced by tranexamic acid].

PMID- 3385946
TI  - [Sarcoidosis with severe eosinophilia due to cryptococcus infection].

PMID- 3385947
TI  - [Refractory anemia with excess of blasts in transformation with heritable fragile
      site: a case report].

PMID- 3385948
TI  - [Indium-111 labeled leukocytes for an inflammatory scintigraphy].

PMID- 3385949
TI  - [The usefulness of I-131 MIBG scintigraphy in extra-adrenal lesions of
      pheochromocytoma].

PMID- 3385950
TI  - [Bone scintigraphy of non-ossifying fibroma].

PMID- 3385951
TI  - [Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of cerebral infarction; comparison of MRI with
      CT and its usefulness for improving the detectability].

PMID- 3385952
TI  - [Fibrous dysplasia of maxillo-facial bones].

PMID- 3385953
TI  - [The subcapsular and perirenal pancreatic pseudocysts].

PMID- 3385954
TI  - [Three cases of fenestrated basilar artery].

PMID- 3385955
TI  - [Traumatic arteriovenous fistula of the superficial temporal artery].

PMID- 3385956
TI  - [Rupture of submucosal aneurysm of the jejunum--report of a case].

PMID- 3385957
TI  - [Relationship between gastric emptying and postprandial insulin requirement
      determined by artificial pancreas in diabetics].

PMID- 3385958
TI  - [Ultrastructural study on gastric mucosal injury induced with ammonium acetate in
      the rats with portacaval shunt].

PMID- 3385959
TI  - [Clinical and immunological analysis of the co-occurrence of the HBsAg and anti
      HBs].

PMID- 3385960
TI  - [Impaired oxygen and glucose utilization and diminished ATP-producing in rat
      livers of obstructive jaundice or cirrhosis].

PMID- 3385961
TI  - [Quantitative aspects of portal-systemic and arterio-venous shunts within the
      liver in cirrhosis].

PMID- 3385962
TI  - [Fasting serum squalene in patients with gallstones and hyperlipidemia].

PMID- 3385963
TI  - [Relationship between the duodenal motor activity and the pancreatic exocrine
      function in chronic liver diseases].

PMID- 3385964
TI  - [Changes in plasma CCK concentrations in luminal feedback regulation in the
      conscious rat].

PMID- 3385965
TI  - [A case of non-specific ulcer of the ileum].

PMID- 3385966
TI  - [A case of cloacogenic carcinoma originating from the anal gland and presenting
      as a rectal submucosal mass].

PMID- 3385967
TI  - [A male autopsy case of primary biliary cirrhosis associated with polymyositis
      and congestive cardiomyopathy].

PMID- 3385968
TI  - [A case of acute idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura associated with hepatitis
      A].

PMID- 3385969
TI  - [Cytoprotection by 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 against ethanol in rat
      isolated gastric surface epithelial cells].

PMID- 3385970
TI  - [Analysis of ambulatory 24-hour intragastric pH monitoring--comparison of the
      effects of cimetidine 200 mg QID and 800 mg UID].

PMID- 3385971
TI  - [Malnutrition in Crohn's disease assessed from serum linoleic acid].

PMID- 3385972
TI  - [Conversion of endogenous and exogenous cholesterol to biliary cholesterol and
      bile acids in the isolated perfused rat liver--with special reference to
      cholesterol gallstone formation].

PMID- 3385973
TI  - [A rare case of systemic eosinophilic granulomatosis originating from the
      stomach].

PMID- 3385974
TI  - [A case of carcinoid tumor of the ileocecal valve diagnosed before operation].

PMID- 3385975
TI  - [A case of primary sclerosing cholangitis with interesting
      cholangiopancreatography].

PMID- 3385976
TI  - [Experimental approach of selective segmental sclerotherapy for the liver].

PMID- 3385977
TI  - [Organic pancreatic diseases in diabetics].

PMID- 3385978
TI  - [Mechanism in normal aging and progeroid syndromes].

PMID- 3385979
TI  - [Age-related changes in brain volume and cerebral blood flow in neurologically
      normal subjects].

PMID- 3385980
TI  - [Age-related changes in peripheral and central sensory conduction times estimated
      by short latency somatosensory evoked potentials].

PMID- 3385981
TI  - [Effect of sex, age, smoking and alcohol on serum levels of apoprotein in healthy
      adults--the application of robust and exploratory data analysis].

PMID- 3385982
TI  - [Prospective and longitudinal study of brain atrophy during aging].

PMID- 3385983
TI  - [Long-term follow-up of blood hematocrit after the transition from sinus rhythm
      to atrial fibrillation].

PMID- 3385984
TI  - [Lipid metabolism in the elderly].

PMID- 3385985
TI  - [Estimation of thermal desorption efficiencies from activated carbon for
      determination of adsorbed organic solvents].
AB  - A method for estimating thermal desorption curves and desorption efficiencies of
      organic solvents from activated carbon was developed for the determination of
      adsorbed solvent by thermal desorption method, and the estimated values were
      compared with the experimental values. The Freundlich or the Langmuir isotherm
      was assumed in obtaining the solution. Thermal desorption experiments were
      conducted by the following two methods: a) Desorption of solvents which were
      adsorbed in the activated carbon at the desorption temperature under the nitrogen
      gas flow containing vapor until the system reached its equilibrium state. b)
      Desorption of solvents which were adsorbed in the activated carbon previously at
      room temperature. The model was based on a) method, but the estimated desorption
      curves and desorption efficiencies agree well with the experimental ones not only
      for a) method but also for b) method.

PMID- 3385986
TI  - [Distribution of mercury in the brain and other organs after continuous lateral
      ventricular injection with methyl mercury and glutathione].

PMID- 3385987
TI  - [Effects of methyl isobutyl ketone on methyl n-butyl ketone neurotoxicity in
      rats].

PMID- 3385988
TI  - A simple method for colorimetric determination of urinary delta-aminolevulinic
      acid in workers exposed to lead.

PMID- 3385989
TI  - [Cases of severe methyl bromide poisoning residing above a warehouse].
AB  - Methyl bromide has been widely used in Japan to fumigate grains and wood. One
      death and 3 cases of hospitalization resulted from exposure to methyl bromide at
      place of residence. These 4 cases were not employed and were members of one
      family living above a warehouse, the ground level of this building was a
      warehouse where herbs were stored and the second floor was their living area. On
      the 13th of May 1978 at 7:00 p.m., the herbs were fumigated with methyl bromide
      gas. The fumigator used 15 kg of methyl bromide (2 cylinders), a quantity far
      greater than usual. It is assumed that the concentration in the warehouse was
      between 10,000-15,000 ppm. Early in the morning on the 16th of May (3 days
      later), one of the family members, a 12-year-old girl, developed severe
      convulsions, and later 2 others also had severe convulsions, while the other
      suffered from marked mental confusion. The serum or plasma bromide ion level
      ranged from 280 to 600 ppm. The results of the clinical laboratory test showed
      that GOT exceeded the normal level in 3 out of the 4 cases. Moreover, LDH
      activity was above the normal range in 3 cases and CPK activity was increased in
      all the cases.

PMID- 3385990
TI  - [Study on posture during delivery--for improvement in delivery technics.
      Advantages of delivery in a sitting position].

PMID- 3385991
TI  - [Study on posture during delivery--for improvement in delivery technics. Optional
      postures during delivery and their tentative classification].

PMID- 3385992
TI  - [Study on posture during delivery--for improvement in delivery technics. Postures
      in relation to the Lamaze method].

PMID- 3385993
TI  - [Study of posture during delivery--for improvement in delivery technics. Optimum
      postures selected by patients].

PMID- 3385994
TI  - [Study on posture during delivery--for improvement in delivery technics. Active
      birth with a choice of postures suitable for individual patients].

PMID- 3385995
TI  - [Study on posture during delivery--for improvement in delivery technics. My
      midwifery methods].

PMID- 3385996
TI  - [Study on posture during delivery--for improvement in delivery technics. The
      effects of resting on the side during the initial 2 hours following delivery].

PMID- 3385997
TI  - [Opinion leaders in the United States and Europe. 2. Ms. Sheila Kitzinger: child
      birth in the harmony of body and mind. A discussion].

PMID- 3385998
TI  - [Counseling in midwifery. 2. Counseling attitude in health education].

PMID- 3385999
TI  - [The use of a personal computer in obstetric care].

PMID- 3386001
TI  - [For more effective professional education. 14. Basis of teaching (2)].

PMID- 3386000
TI  - [Study on the method of manual inspection of the external uterine orifice
      included in the new rhythm method of family planning].

PMID- 3386002
TI  - [Essays by nurses. 49. Mutual support by midwives and the public].

PMID- 3386003
TI  - [Ainu midwifery technic practiced by Ms. Aiko: delivery of a patient with
      congenital hip dislocation].

PMID- 3386004
TI  - [Questions and answers on breast feeding. Fallacy related to adverse effects of
      chilling the breast on lactation].

PMID- 3386005
TI  - [Routine examination during pregnancy (3)].

PMID- 3386006
TI  - [Clinico-pathological characteristics of IgA nephropathy with acute onset:
      comparative study of IgA nephropathy with cryptogenic onset and purpura
      nephritis].

PMID- 3386007
TI  - [A case of renal-ocular syndrome with Fanconi syndrome].

PMID- 3386008
TI  - [A case of nephropathy caused by hypothyroidism].

PMID- 3386009
TI  - [An ultrastructural study on the formation of the glomerular basement membrane
      and the permeability of the glomerular capillary wall in the chicken embryo
      mesonephros].

PMID- 3386010
TI  - [Lectin-induced experimental glomerulonephritis in rats. I. Immunopathological
      study].

PMID- 3386011
TI  - [Uric acid concentrations of the kidney in primary gout].

PMID- 3386012
TI  - [The relationship between anemia and blood pressure in chronic hemodialysis
      patients--studies of hemodynamics].

PMID- 3386013
TI  - [Study of erythrocyte Na/K flux ratio as a genetic marker for essential
      hypertension: its relation to the family history of essential hypertension, serum
      lipids and serum electrolytes].

PMID- 3386014
TI  - [Effect of OKY-046, a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor, on renal thromboxane
      synthesis in spontaneously hypertensive rat].

PMID- 3386015
TI  - [Studies on changes in serum creatinine concentration in polycystic kidney
      disease].

PMID- 3386016
TI  - [Metabolism of guanidinoacetic acid and creatine in uremia].

PMID- 3386017
TI  - [Impaired metabolism of guanidinoacetic acid in uremia, with special reference to
      diabetic nephropathy].

PMID- 3386018
TI  - [The deferoxamine loading test as a non-invasive method for diagnosing Al-related
      bone disease in hemodialysis patients; efficacy of deferoxamine therapy for the
      disease].

PMID- 3386019
TI  - [Hydrophobic uremic middle molecules in hemofiltrate of a dialysis patient].

PMID- 3386020
TI  - [Fluorescent component found in uremic middle-molecules in the hemofiltrate of a
      dialysis patient].

PMID- 3386021
TI  - [Sequential changes in urinary catecholamine in the transition from benign to
      malignant hypertension in rats].

PMID- 3386022
TI  - [Experimental selective glomerular thrombosis followed by crescent formation in
      rats].

PMID- 3386023
TI  - [Immunoelectron microscopic studies on the deposition of coagulation factors and
      platelet membrane antigen in the glomeruli of various renal disease].

PMID- 3386024
TI  - [A case report of rifampicin induced nonresponsiveness to corticosteroid
      treatment in adult nephrotic syndrome].

PMID- 3386025
TI  - [A case of Schonlein-Henoch's purpura nephritis in a senile man].

PMID- 3386026
TI  - [Aerosol lung inhalation scintigraphy in children with bronchial asthma].

PMID- 3386027
TI  - [Radionuclide evaluations on significance of U waves in previous anterior
      myocardial infarction].

PMID- 3386028
TI  - [Clinical significance of right ventricular function in the cases with congestive
      heart failure].

PMID- 3386029
TI  - [Analysis of a case of loosening after the total hip replacement].

PMID- 3386030
TI  - [Fundamental and clinical evaluation of radioimmunoassay for serum TSH-beta
      subunit].

PMID- 3386031
TI  - [Bone scintigraphy, plasma ALP, TAP and PAP in patients with prostatic cancer].

PMID- 3386032
TI  - [Approach to home nursing. 15 Legal obstacles in organizing a private home
      nursing service].

PMID- 3386033
TI  - [On the "Notes on Nursing" (1). Theories on life and health].

PMID- 3386034
TI  - [Hospital regulations and the role of nursing in their implementation].

PMID- 3386035
TI  - [Hospital regulations and problems associated with their application].

PMID- 3386036
TI  - [Nursing actions superseding hospital rules].

PMID- 3386037
TI  - [Reevaluation of hospital rules and their improvement in a psychiatric ward].

PMID- 3386038
TI  - [Hospital rules and the role of nursing at a self-care ward].

PMID- 3386040
TI  - [Revision of medical charges and associated changes in nursing fees].

PMID- 3386039
TI  - [Review of hospital rules at the preparation of a guide for newly admitted
      patients].

PMID- 3386041
TI  - [On the theory and concept of nursing: from a lecture by Professor emeritus
      Hisayuki Omokada, Litt. D. D.M].

PMID- 3386042
TI  - [Bedside nursing. Nursing of a vegetative patient using emotional responses as a
      guide. Success in feeding].

PMID- 3386043
TI  - [Observation of patients. 3. The patient as the focal point: positive thinking to
      be promoted by nurses].

PMID- 3386044
TI  - [Record of illness experienced by a nursing instructor].

PMID- 3386046
TI  - [Information technology for nurses. (3). Data sorting (1)].

PMID- 3386045
TI  - [Profile of a nurse. Ms. Manabu Mizukami, a patient with systemic lupus
      erythematosus who works as a nurse on the night shift].

PMID- 3386047
TI  - [Welfare and medical care in the aging society. 22. The meaning of care as
      indicated by Erickson].

PMID- 3386048
TI  - [Diary of a physician stationed at a hospital. 18. A patient who depended on a
      respirator for 4 and a half years (2)].

PMID- 3386049
TI  - [Nursing study in England. 18. Temporary return home (1)].

PMID- 3386050
TI  - Central venous pressure and plasma Na concentration during drinking behavior in
      the dehydrated dog.
AB  - Changes in circulating blood volume, plasma Na concentration, and central venous
      pressure (CVP) after fluid intake were monitored continuously in water-deprived
      dogs. When dogs were allowed free access to fluid (tap water or 0.9% saline),
      rapid satiation appeared before any systemic changes in blood composition took
      place, and CVP increased remarkably (about 6 mmHg) in association with drinking
      behavior. The possible roles of CVP as a controlling factor of drinking were
      hypothesized.

PMID- 3386051
TI  - Temperature effects on dopamine-induced inhibitory and excitatory responses
      recorded from Aplysia ganglion cells.
AB  - Effects of temperature change on different dopamine-induced responses were
      studied in Aplysia ganglion cells. When the temperature was raised from 11 to 35
      degrees C, the K+-dependent inhibitory response to dopamine increased to reach a
      maximum at about 23 degrees C, then decreased at higher temperature. The Na+
      dependent slow excitatory one kept increasing without showing the maximum. On the
      contrary, the Na+-dependent fast excitatory one rather decreased to reach the
      minimum near 30 degrees C.

PMID- 3386052
TI  - Osmoreceptor mechanism for oxytocin release in the rat.
AB  - In order to determine whether oxytocin release is controlled by an osmoreceptor
      mechanism identical with that for vasopressin release, the plasma oxytocin
      concentration and plasma osmolality were measured during intraatrial infusion and
      after intraventricular injection of various osmotic solutions in unanesthetized
      rats. Intraatrial infusion of 0.6 M NaCl Locke solution (L.S.) or 1.2 M mannitol
      L.S. elevated plasma oxytocin significantly, while 1.2 M urea L.S. caused only a
      small increase and isotonic L.S. did not change in plasma oxytocin. All
      hypertonic solutions produced significant and similar increases in the plasma
      osmolality. Plasma oxytocin was positively correlated with plasma osmolality in
      the animals infused with hypertonic NaCl or mannitol but not in the animals
      infused with hypertonic urea. The injection of 2 microliters of 0.6 M NaCl
      artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or 1.2 M mannitol CSF into the third
      ventricle caused a significant increase in plasma oxytocin immediately (5 min
      after injection) without changing plasma osmolality, while the intraventricular
      injection of 1.2 M urea CSF or isotonic CSF produced no significant change in
      plasma oxytocin. These results indicate that oxytocin release is controlled by
      osmoreceptors rather than Na receptors, that the adequate stimulus for the
      osmoreceptors is one which produces cellular dehydration and that the
      osmoreceptors are located in the brain region which is accessible to osmotic
      agents from both the outside and inside of the blood-brain barrier. Since the
      organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT) lacks a blood-brain barrier
      and is known to be involved in osmotic control of vasopressin release, a lesion
      was made in the anteroventral region of the third ventricle which encompasses the
      OVLT and the effect of hypertonic NaCl infusion on oxytocin release was examined.
      No significant increase in plasma oxytocin was observed after intraatrial
      infusion of 0.6 M NaCl L.S. in the lesioned rats. All of these findings lead to
      the conclusion that oxytocin release is under the control of osmoreceptors
      identical to those for vasopressin release.

PMID- 3386053
TI  - Regional blood flows and resistances in conscious one-kidney, one-clip
      renovascular hypertensive rats.
AB  - Three regional blood flows were measured in one-kidney, one-clip renovascular
      hypertensive (one-kidney hypertensive) rats with chronically implanted
      electromagnetic flow probe. One-kidney hypertensive rats showed about 30% greater
      superior mesenteric flow, about 20% greater hindquarter flow at the terminal
      aorta, and an almost unchanged renal flow at the clipped renal artery when
      compared with control rats, but the sum of the mean values of these three
      regional blood flows in one-kidney hypertensive rats was almost the same as that
      of control rats. One-kidney hypertensive rats had a higher peripheral resistance
      in all the investigated vascular areas. The increase in peripheral resistance of
      the renal area including the clipped and removed arteries was greater than that
      in peripheral resistance of the superior mesenteric area or hindquarter area.
      These findings suggest that the remaining renal area which failed to compensate
      for the flow deprived by uni-nephrectomy plays a role in the etiology of this
      kind of hypertension.

PMID- 3386055
TI  - [Group activities as a follow-up of physical examinations--conditions for better
      understanding by citizens. A report from the 6th Yokahama meeting for the
      nationwide study of organizational activities].

PMID- 3386054
TI  - Location of end-plate region and measurement of conduction velocity of action
      potential in human muscles by unidimensional latency-topography.
AB  - The conduction profile of an action potential elicited by weak voluntary
      contraction of the m. biceps brachii was graphically displayed by unidimensional
      latency-topography, UDLT. The end-plate location and conduction velocity (CV)
      were determined by UDLT. The end-plate location of the m. biceps brachii was
      measured as 12-15 cm proximal to the epicondylus medialis and remained at the
      same region independently of the elbow angle. The CV of the action potential of
      various muscles was also measured in five subjects to reveal inter-muscular
      variation. The variation in the CV among various muscles in the same subject and
      that among subjects was not statistically significant. The CV measured ranged
      from 3.4 to 3.8 m/s.

PMID- 3386056
TI  - [Nursing at the scene of daily activities. 16. Excretion and related nursing
      activities (4)].

PMID- 3386057
TI  - [Medical checkup of the aged. 5. Circulatory diseases].

PMID- 3386058
TI  - [Learning from a case study group. 3. On social rehabilitation of Mrs. M., a
      welfare mother].

PMID- 3386059
TI  - [On the Mental Health Study Group of the Osaka area].

PMID- 3386060
TI  - [Public health activities with emphasis on areas. 21. Services organized by
      citizens].

PMID- 3386061
TI  - [Practice and evaluation of regional care for aged demented patients. 2. Needs
      involved in the assistance of families caring for the aged demented patients and
      evaluation of the assistance extended by public health clinics].

PMID- 3386062
TI  - [Basic study on health services: attitudes and behaviors related to health of
      citizens].

PMID- 3386063
TI  - [Home care of the aged in Denmark].

PMID- 3386064
TI  - Variations in the disappearance rate of indocyanine green.
AB  - Time-associated changes in the disappearance rate of indocyanine green from the
      blood (K.ICG) as an index of liver function, were studied. Blood was drawn 5
      times at 3-minute intervals from 32 patients. Early, intermediate, and late K.ICG
      values were 0.087 +/- 0.040, 0.082 +/- 0.038, and 0.076 +/- 0.033 min-1,
      respectively, showing serial decreases. When blood was drawn 8 times at 2-minute
      intervals from 22 other patients, the means of the K.ICG values at 11 time points
      showed a nearly linear relationship (r = -0.986). These findings indicated that
      K.ICG is approximated by a linear function of time, K(t) = -K'.t + K0. According
      to this function, K.ICG is considered to decrease by 1.96% every minute. The
      K.ICG value determined by the conventional method is, therefore, a mean
      disappearance rate of 15 minutes, and K0 is considered to reflect the initial
      reaction speed.

PMID- 3386065
TI  - Preoperative computed tomography and scintigraphy to facilitate the detection of
      accessory spleen in patients with hematologic disorders.
AB  - Accessory spleens of 1.5 cm in size were preoperatively identified by the
      combined use of computerized tomography and splenic scintigraphy in two patients
      with hematologic diseases. After the accessory spleen had been removed from the
      first patient, who had persistent hereditary spherocytosis and had undergone a
      splenectomy 15 months before, a postoperative decrease in hyperbilirubinemia was
      noted. In the other patient who had idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, a
      successful accessory splenectomy was done at the same time as her splenectomy,
      and was followed by 6 months' complete remission. These events indicate that
      preoperative investigations using computerized tomography and scintigraphy are
      indispensable for ruling out an accessory spleen in those patients for whom
      splenectomy needs to be done in order to alleviate hematologic disorders.

PMID- 3386066
TI  - Antrum preserving double tract method for reconstruction following proximal
      gastrectomy.
AB  - The antrum preserving double tract method was originally designed in order to
      gain the smooth transfer of larger foods through the duodenal route. Surgical
      improvement was then made at a few points when carrying out the anastomosis
      between the residual stomach and the jejunum. In the clinical field, this method
      is characterized by a better transfer of large foods into the duodenum than the
      conventional double tract method. The clinical investigation revealed that
      gastrin release remained after the operation due to both the good passage and the
      presence of food in the residual stomach. The antrum preserving double tract
      method is a reasonable and simple method which can maintain physiological
      pancreaticocibal synchronism.

PMID- 3386067
TI  - Flow cytometric DNA analysis of neuroblastoma: correlation with prognostic
      variables and survival of patients.
AB  - The DNA ploidy of tumor tissues obtained from 41 patients with neuroblastoma, or
      ganglioneuroblastoma, which is the histologic variant of neuroblastoma, was
      determined by flow cytometry. The DNA ploidy was diploid in 7 tumors (5
      neuroblastomas and 2 ganglioneuroblastomas) and aneuploid in 34 tumors (20
      neuroblastomas and 14 ganglioneuroblastomas). The DNA ploidy of tumor cells did
      not correlate with the survival of patients and there was no correlation between
      the DNA ploidy of tumor cells and such prognostic variables, histology, primary
      site, staging of tumors and operative curability.

PMID- 3386068
TI  - Prediction of mortality from septic shock in gastrointestinal surgery by probit
      analysis.
AB  - A multivariate probit analysis was used to develop a prognostic scoring system
      known as the Prognostic Index (PI), which consisted of age, pulse rate, blood
      urea nitrogen, serum albumin, serum cholesterol and serum potassium. This PI
      accurately predicted the severity and mortality of 83 surgical patients with
      septic shock caused by gastrointestinal diseases, who were admitted to Tenri
      Hospital, Nara, Japan from 1975 to 1981 (internal check), and also that of 25
      other patients, examined from 1982 to 1983 (external check). As the prognostic
      predictive model provides a prompt and easy prediction of how severe the
      patients' state is, it has proved to be very useful to our surgical staff for
      managing critically ill patients.

PMID- 3386069
TI  - Pancreatic function and rehabilitation after pancreaticoduodenectomy.
AB  - Postoperative pancreatic function and rehabilitation were monitored in 149
      patients who had had reconstruction of the digestive tract by Child's method, out
      of a total 151 patients who had undergone pancreaticoduodenectomy. The occurrence
      of peptic ulcer following Child's method may be prevented by the resection of a
      wider area of the stomach. Because the source of gut hormone secretion is removed
      by the pancreaticoduodenectomy, the secretion of this hormone is subsequently
      reduced and thus metabolic abnormalities also occur. If careful attention
      however, is paid to the maintenance of residual pancreatic function most patients
      who undergo pancreaticoduodenectomy can be expected to lead reasonably normal
      lives.

PMID- 3386070
TI  - Mediastinal lymphnode dissection procedure during esophageal cancer operation-
      carefully considered for preserving respiratory function.
AB  - In 22 patients with esophageal cancer, mediastinal lymphnode dissection
      procedure, with preservation of the right bronchial artery and pulmonary branches
      of the right vagus nerve, was performed during radical esophagectomy. In patients
      who underwent this procedure, respiratory function was sufficiently maintained
      against severe complications and the operative and hospital death rate was less
      than that of other esophagectomized patients.

PMID- 3386071
TI  - Gastrin producing cells in the regenerating mucosa of the small intestine.
AB  - The presence of gastrin producing cells in the regenerating mucosa of the small
      intestine in 9 out of 19 patients with Crohn's disease, nonspecific ulcer or
      tuberculosis was histochemically examined, employing the method of peroxydase
      antiperoxydase complex. Gastrin producing cells were found in 19 out of a total
      of 23 specimens with pyloric gland metaplasia, whereas they were found to be
      present in only 1 out of a total of 15 specimens without pyloric gland
      metaplasia. They were usually seen in the glands adjacent to the metaplastic
      pyloric glands. No gastrin producing cells were seen in the control specimens. It
      is suggested that gastric gland metaplasia of the small intestine is a true
      metaplastic change, into mucosa which has the functional property of the stomach.

PMID- 3386072
TI  - Alterations in key carbohydrate-metabolizing enzyme activities in rat livers
      following bile duct ligation and its release.
AB  - Activities of key carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes in the livers of rats after
      bile duct ligation were studied during the recovery phase, after releasing the
      bile duct from ligation as an external biliary drainage. Enzyme activities were
      analyzed on the 3rd and 7th days after ligation and on the 3rd and 7th days after
      releasing the ligation. The altered enzyme activities, which resulted from the
      ligation of the bile duct, recovered after its release, although the recovery was
      delayed as when compared with those in the serum liver function tests.
      Glucokinase was the enzyme which was most delayed in recovery. The decreased
      activity of glucokinase had not returned to normal, even on the 7th day after
      release of the bile duct from its 7 day-ligation, whereas all the other enzyme
      activities had returned to normal by this time. It was also suggested that the
      decreased activity of glucokinase, which regulates the glucose uptake by the
      liver, was related to the glucose intolerance in obstructive jaundice.
      Accordingly, glucokinase can be used as a marker for determining the time of
      operation after biliary drainage.

PMID- 3386073
TI  - The prognostic significance of resection of primary tumor in gastric and
      colorectal cancer patients with synchronous liver metastasis.
AB  - The significance of primary tumor resection in gastric and colorectal cancer
      patients with liver metastasis (H(+)) was evaluated in terms of operative
      mortality and survival rate by dividing the materials [293 gastric cancer and 80
      colorectal cancer patients (53 colon and 27 rectum) with synchronous liver
      metastasis] into the following groups: Firstly, with or without peritoneal
      dissemination (P), secondly, with or without resection of the primary tumor and
      thirdly, with or without postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. The following
      results were obtained: (1) The direct operative death rate of primary tumor
      resection, excluding death from other causes, showed an absence of statistically
      significant differences between the P0H(+) and P(+)H(+) gastric and colorectal
      cancer patients. (2) There was no significance in the prognosis between the
      primary tumor resection + postoperative chemotherapy group and the non-resectable
      group in the P(+)H(+) gastric and colorectal cancer patients, revealing no
      prognostic value of the primary tumor. (3) In the P0H(+) gastric and colorectal
      cancer patients, the primary tumor resection + postoperative chemotherapy group
      was significantly more favorable in prognosis than was the primary tumor
      resection alone group or the non-resectable group, showing the value of primary
      tumor resection.

PMID- 3386074
TI  - An experimental study on viability of the devascularized trachea.
AB  - This experiment was designed to evaluate the effect of varying extents of
      devascularization to the viability of the trachea, and the influence of
      preservation of the right bronchial artery on the ischemia of the widely
      devascularized trachea. In experiment 1, the canine trachea was devascularized in
      a stepwise manner, and the regional blood flow was measured in each situation.
      This experiment revealed that the regional blood flow decreased to one-third of
      the non-treated trachea when the bilateral bronchial arteries were transected,
      and to nil when the cervical and mediastinal trachea was devascularized. In
      experiment 2, in which dogs were divided into 2 groups depending on preservation
      of the right bronchial artery, the trachea was stepwisely devascularized and the
      regional blood flow measured. This experiment indicated that the regional blood
      flow in the trachea when the right bronchial artery was preserved did not so
      remarkably diminish, though the cervical and mediastinal trachea was
      devascularized. In experiment 3, dogs were divided into 3 groups according to the
      extent of devascularization of the trachea and to the presence or absence of the
      preserved right bronchial artery, and were followed for 2 months postoperatively.
      This experiment demonstrated that the preservation of the right bronchial artery
      prevented tracheal necrosis caused by devascularization of the cervical and
      mediastinal trachea. We concluded that the regional tracheal blood flow markedly
      decreased and that tracheal necrosis occurred following devascularization of the
      cervical and mediastinal trachea when the bilateral arteries were transected. The
      preservation of the right bronchial artery however, prevented a decrease in the
      regional blood flow and necrosis of the widely devascularized trachea.

PMID- 3386076
TI  - [Clinical status and quality of life long after the surgery in ischemic heart
      disease].

PMID- 3386075
TI  - The effect of nifedipine, a calcium channel blocker, on liver ischemia in dogs.
AB  - This study was undertaken in order to determine whether the administration of
      nifedipine, a calcium channel blocker, could protect the liver from ischemic
      damage and to investigate its effect on the hepatic cellular energy status and
      cardio-vascular system after 60 minutes of hepatic ischemia in dogs. The ischemia
      was induced by temporarily clamping the portal vein and hepatic artery. One group
      of animals (n = 17) received nifedipine (5 micrograms/kg body weight)
      intravenously 15 minutes before the induction of liver ischemia, which was
      continued at a dose of 0.2 microgram/kg body weight/min throughout the ischemic
      period, and for an additional 30 minutes afterwards. Control dogs (n = 16) were
      not given nifedipine and survival was observed over seven days. The survival rate
      was 83 per cent in the nifedipine treated animals and 0 per cent in the control
      animals. Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase levels were greatly increased
      following ischemia, and they were significantly lowered with the nifedipine
      treatment. The hepatic energy charge decreased remarkably during the hepatic
      ischemia, however it increased gradually after declamping but did not returned to
      its preoperative value in either group until one hour later and then it was
      higher in the nifedipine treated animals than in the control animals. Cardiac
      index and portal venous blood flow ratio remained higher in the nifedipine
      treated animals than in the control animals, after the ischemic period. These
      results suggest that nifedipine may have a powerful cytoprotective effect and
      that the period of warm hepatic ischemia could be prolonged with its use.

PMID- 3386077
TI  - [Study of aortic surgery with temporary bypass using H-PSD tube (Anthron)].

PMID- 3386078
TI  - [Interrupted aortic arch--analysis of two fatal cases].

PMID- 3386079
TI  - [Surgical management of lung cancer associated with hypertrophic obstructive
      cardiomyopathy].

PMID- 3386080
TI  - [The risks of hospital mortality after resection of lung cancer].

PMID- 3386082
TI  - [Survival rate].

PMID- 3386081
TI  - [Two cases of the aneurysm eroding the sternum].

PMID- 3386083
TI  - Effect of cisapride on the cholinergic control mechanisms of gastrointestinal
      motility in dogs.
AB  - The action of cisapride on physiological and disturbed gastrointestinal motor
      function was investigated in conscious and anesthetized dogs and the mechanism of
      action involved. Regardless of the presence or absence of vagal innervation,
      administration of cisapride (0.2 mg approximately 1.0 mg/kg body weight, i.v.)
      during the quiescent period of interdigestive migrating contractions (IMC),
      induced non-migrating IMC-like motility in the entire gastrointestinal tract from
      gastric body to distal colon. Administration of cisapride in the digestive state
      resulted in the excitatory response of increased amplitude of digestive
      peristalsis and strong IMC-like motility was not observed. All of these
      excitatory responses in gastrointestinal motility disappeared by the
      administration of atropine (0.5 mg approximately 0.1 mg/kg body weight, i.v.).
      Furthermore, the excitatory response in gastrointestinal motility induced by
      cisapride in anesthetized dogs disappeared by the administration of TTX (10
      micrograms/kg of body weight, i.v.). These results suggest that the excitatory
      action of cisapride on the gastrointestinal motility is based on its mechanism in
      which cisapride acts on the cholinergic neurones in the gastrointestinal wall to
      stimulate ACh release, resulting in the increase in gastrointestinal motility.
      Cisapride caused powerful IMC-like motility in the ileum of animal with pseudo
      obstruction-like motor disturbance which had been seen after preparation of Thiry
      loop (ileum). This motility migrated from the proximal ileum to the Thiry loop
      and then to the distal ileum. Trimebutine maleate also demonstrated this effect,
      but metoclopramide and domperidone were ineffective. Administration of cisapride
      at the doses (0.2 mg approximately 1.0 mg/kg body weight, i.v.) causing
      stimulated motor response in the gastrointestinal tract did not induce
      significant secretion of gastric acid, pancreatic juice and bile.

PMID- 3386084
TI  - Effects of the high K+/Na+ deficient solution on mechanical response and wet
      weight of tissue in vas deferens and seminal vesicle in guinea-pig.
AB  - In the present experiments, we investigated contractions of guinea-pig vas
      deferens or seminal vesicle in various kinds of high K+ solution. The vas
      deferens showed a phasic contraction followed by a tonic one in hyperosmotic 65
      mM KCl (hyper-65K+), isosmotic 60 mM or 120 mM KCl solution. However, isosmotic
      154 mM KCl (iso-154K+) solution induced a large phasic contraction followed by a
      gradual relaxation. Applications of the high K+ solutions to the preparation of
      seminal vesicle showed almost similar results in tension to those of the vas
      deferens. In the vas deferens or seminal vesicle, an application of hyper-65K+
      solution significantly decreased the relative value for the wet weight of the
      tissue at 120 min, but that of iso-154K+ solution did not affect the wet weight
      of both the muscles. In the vas deferens, an hyperosmotic addition of sucrose at
      a concentration of 25 to 100 mM slightly prevented the tension decreased by the
      iso-154K+ solution and slightly decreased the relative wet weight. In the seminal
      vesicle, increasing sucrose concentration significantly increased the tension,
      but decreased the relative wet weight. In both the muscles of vas deferens and
      seminal vesicle, an addition of pyrvate or oxalacetate (5.5 mM) to the iso-154K+
      solution without glucose maintained the muscle tension at a maximal level in the
      iso-154K+ solution with glucose for 120 min. Further, the tension decrease in
      both the muscles induced by iso-154K+ solution was also prevented by hyperosmotic
      application of NaCl. From these results, it is suggested that the tension
      decrease by high K+, Na+-deficient solution in the vas deferens is mainly caused
      by an inhibition of glucose utilization by Na+-deficiency in the medium, however,
      the seminal vesicle is probably due to the cell swelling and partly the
      inhibition of glucose utilization by it.

PMID- 3386085
TI  - [Studies on the muscarine receptors in rat gastric smooth muscle].
AB  - It has been reported that the two types of muscarinic receptors, "M1" and "M2",
      exist in the opossum lower esophageal sphincter. The presence of these muscarinic
      receptor subtypes had been confirmed with the discovery of the M1 selective
      antagonist, pirenzepine. But little is known about muscarinic receptor subtypes
      in gastric smooth muscle. The aim of this study was to identify the muscarinic
      receptor subtypes on the gastric smooth muscle responsible for the contraction of
      rat gastric muscle strip. Also, we examined the mechanism of the action of
      aclatonium napadisilate on rat gastric smooth muscle in vitro. The stimulation of
      M2 receptor caused the contraction of the gastric smooth muscle. McN-A-343,
      selective M1 agonist, caused weak contraction of the gastric smooth muscle, and
      this response was not affected by the selective M1 antagonist, pirenzepine.
      Aclatonium napadisilate stimulated M2 receptor and caused the gastric smooth
      muscle contraction. We conclude that the contraction of the gastric smooth muscle
      is caused by the stimulation of the M2 receptor and this reaction was not
      affected by tetrodotoxin, suggesting the M2 receptor is located directly on the
      gastric smooth muscle. The weak contraction of the gastric smooth muscle caused
      by McN-A-343 was not affected by the selective M1 antagonist, pirenzepine,
      suggesting that McN-A-343 may not be a pure M1 selective agonist. The action of
      aclatonium napadisilate is supposed to stimulate the M2 receptor.

PMID- 3386086
TI  - [Effect of cisapride on delayed gastric emptying in diabetic patients].
AB  - Delayed gastric emptying is supposed to affect glycemic control in diabetic
      patients by relative over dosing of insulin to blood glucose level due to delayed
      absorption of nutrients. Therefore, treatment of delayed gastric emptying is
      important in diabetic patients. Cisapride, a potent gastrokinetic agents, has
      been reported to activate the motility from stomach to colon. We evaluated the
      effect of acute oral administration of cisapride in seven diabetic patients (aged
      46-62) with delayed gastric emptying. All patients complicated with autonomic
      neuropathy. Ten mg of cisapride was administered orally 30 minutes before
      breakfast and lunch on the day of study. Gastric emptying study was done using
      99mTc-tin colloid labeled omelet meal served with 2 slices of toast and 200 ml of
      milk. With cisapride, the retention rate at time of 150 minutes decreased from 76
      +/- 10% to 47 +/- 13% (mean +/- SD) (p less than 0.001) and starting index
      shortened from 86 +/- 28 minutes to 38 +/- 27 minutes (p less than 0.05). Gastric
      emptying speed became faster from 0.31 +/- 0.16%/min to 0.43 +/- 0.12%/min (0.2
      greater than p greater than 0.1). Blood glucose level before meal decreased from
      117 +/- 27 mg/dl (mean +/- SE) to 74 +/- 7 mg/dl (n.s.), and difference between
      basal and maximal blood glucose level became larger from 46 +/- 27 mg/dl to 84 +/
      30 mg/dl (n.s.). We conclude that acute oral administration of cisapride has
      significant effect in improving delayed emptying of solid meal in diabetic
      patients.

PMID- 3386087
TI  - [The effect of cisapride on intestinal transit].
AB  - Cisapride is known to accelerate gastrointestinal motility in various diseases
      with gastrointestinal motor abnormalities, and in normal subjects. In this study,
      we developed a new method to evaluate intestinal transit by radio-opaque markers,
      and evaluated the effect of oral doses of cisapride on intestinal transit in 6
      normal subjects. Twenty markers were ingested with breakfast, and abdominal X-ray
      pictures were taken at 6, 24, 48 and 72 hours later, markers on the films were
      scored according to estimated their location. Geometric mean of the markers and
      half-dose transit-time (HT) at selected points of the colon were calculated.
      Cisapride 7.5 mg, 15 mg per day or placebo, were given in random order, in double
      blind fashion. Cisapride accelerated intestinal transit at every point
      calculated. HT at anus was shortened to 23.3 +/- 10.2 hours (mean +/- SD) (p less
      than 0.05) with cisapride 15 mg/day from 42.3 +/- 16.9 hours with placebo.
      Geometric means at 24-hour were 3.7 +/- 1.4 with placebo, 5.3 +/- 0.9 (p less
      than 0.05) with cisapride 7.5 mg/day, and 5.1 +/- 1.5 with cisapride 15 mg/day.
      No serious side effects were noted. Our new method to evaluate intestinal transit
      using radio-opaque markers is easy to perform, and is able to quantify the state
      of transit. Cisapride accelerated intestinal transit without diarrhea. This
      effect of cisapride on intestinal transit may be useful in patients with
      constipation.

PMID- 3386088
TI  - [Experimental study on interdigestive migrating contractions with intestinal
      transection and injection of Ringer solution into intestine].
AB  - The occurrence and mechanism of IMC are still not completely elucidated. Base on
      the conjecture of that the region of intestine and its ingredients may be
      concerning with the conduction mechanism of IMC, following experiment was
      performed by author. Small intestine was cut into two parts. Anal side was closed
      as blind end, and the end of oral side was sutured to colon or anal part of
      intestine by end to side anastomosis. Gastric fistula and intestinal fistula of
      the blind ending intestine were also made, and six pieces of force transducers
      were sutured to the serosa of the intestine in order to observe the movement of
      intestine. Under non-anesthesia and non-restricted condition for whole day long,
      Ringer solution was injected into gastric or intestinal fistula by 50 ml one shot
      or continuous dripped infusion of 250 ml per hour. The result is: In upper part
      of intestine, the appearance of IMC in oral and anal side of intestine is
      continuously observed. However, in lower part of intestine, the IMC of oral and
      anal part of intestine appeared completely independent without any continuity.
      And, as one shot of 50 ml of Ringer solution was injected, the conduction of IMC
      was suppressed but still observable, while continuously infused of 250 ml/hr, the
      IMC was completely disappeared.

PMID- 3386089
TI  - Studies on viral-induced anemia in horses infected with equine infectious anemia
      virus.

PMID- 3386090
TI  - Studies on the amino acid compositions of the equine body hair and the hoof.

PMID- 3386091
TI  - Regional localization of rDNA gene on pig chromosome 10 by in situ hybridization.

PMID- 3386092
TI  - Uterine adenocarcinoma with stromal cells containing lipofuscin in a cow.

PMID- 3386093
TI  - CT-like enterotoxin production of non-01 V. cholerae isolated from river water,
      fish and shrimps in Kobe City.

PMID- 3386094
TI  - Microvasculature of the epididymis and ductus deferens of domestic fowls.

PMID- 3386095
TI  - Distribution of chromogranin containing cells in the porcine
      gastroenteropancreatic endocrine system.

PMID- 3386096
TI  - Thermal salivation and body water economics among Wistar rat strains.

PMID- 3386097
TI  - Glycolytic enzyme activity and intermediate concentrations in Theileria sergenti
      parasitized bovine erythrocytes.

PMID- 3386098
TI  - A case of bovine coenurosis (Coenurus cerebralis) in Japan.

PMID- 3386099
TI  - Chronic pancreatitis in Macaca monkeys.

PMID- 3386100
TI  - Characteristics of a precocious line of Eimeria tenella: pathogenicity and
      endogenous development.

PMID- 3386101
TI  - Spontaneous vascular endothelial cell tumors in aged B6C3F1 mice.

PMID- 3386102
TI  - Difference in glycosphingolipid compositions of avian Marek's disease lymphoma
      derived cell lines and lymphoid leukosis lymphoma-derived cell lines.

PMID- 3386103
TI  - Effects of serum on the shape change response of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in
      the dog.

PMID- 3386104
TI  - Intestinal colonization of Campylobacter jejuni in chickens.

PMID- 3386105
TI  - Blood metabolite, mineral levels and enzymatic activities in lactating dairy cows
      on grazing pasture without concentrate feeding.

PMID- 3386106
TI  - Interaction between cytosolic adenylate kinase and nicotinamide adenine
      dinucleotide.

PMID- 3386107
TI  - Effect of Eimeria maxima infection upon the invasion of Salmonella serovar
      typhimurium through the intestine of chicken.

PMID- 3386108
TI  - The correlation between plasma gastrin levels and abomasal acid secretion in
      cows.

PMID- 3386109
TI  - Pathology of genital amoebiasis in a female dog.

PMID- 3386110
TI  - Further investigation of the pathogenicity of a chicken embryo passage line of
      Eimeria tenella.

PMID- 3386111
TI  - Idiopathic pulmonary hemorrhage in a mouse.

PMID- 3386112
TI  - Drug-sensitivity of Taylorella equigenitalis isolated in Japan in 1985.

PMID- 3386113
TI  - Five cases of canine peliosis hepatis.

PMID- 3386114
TI  - Intestinal colonization of Campylobacter jejuni in young Japanese quails
      (Coturnix coturnix japonica).

PMID- 3386115
TI  - Perinatal changes in the population of duodenal goblet cells in the rat.

PMID- 3386116
TI  - Experimental induction of superfecundation in the dog.

PMID- 3386117
TI  - Perinatal changes in the population of colonic goblet cells in the rat.

PMID- 3386118
TI  - Isolation of Actinobacillus (Haemophilus) pleuropneumoniae serovar 1, 6, or 7
      from pigs.

PMID- 3386120
TI  - Report of the AMA Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs: ethical issues
      involved in the growing AIDS crisis.

PMID- 3386119
TI  - Report of the AMA board of trustees: prevention and control of AIDS--an interim
      report.

PMID- 3386121
TI  - AIDS in Kansas.

PMID- 3386122
TI  - Psychiatric aspects of HIV infection.

PMID- 3386123
TI  - Spermicidal condoms.

PMID- 3386124
TI  - Crisis of confidence.

PMID- 3386125
TI  - AIDS care: challenges and opportunities.

PMID- 3386126
TI  - Recording HIV test results.

PMID- 3386127
TI  - Governor's task force on AIDS: executive summary.

PMID- 3386128
TI  - KMS position statement on AIDS.

PMID- 3386129
TI  - Replantation and revascularization of amputated digits: a review.

PMID- 3386130
TI  - Complications of spontaneous pneumothorax: a pediatric case study.

PMID- 3386131
TI  - Increasing research productivity in a university-based residency program: a case
      study.

PMID- 3386132
TI  - Developmental determinants of recovery after relief of partial ureteral
      obstruction.
AB  - Although obstructive nephropathy is a major cause of renal insufficiency at all
      ages, the functional consequences of relief of obstruction on the developing
      kidney are poorly understood. To evaluate recovery from chronic partial ureteral
      obstruction (CPUO) in the neonatal period, the left ureter of guinea pigs was
      constricted within the first 48 hours of life, and the obstruction was relieved
      10 days later. At three and eight weeks of age, intraureteral pressure, number of
      perfused glomeruli (NPG), renal blood flow (RBF), and glomerular filtration rate
      (GFR) were measured. These animals were compared with sham-operated and
      unrelieved groups. Two additional groups underwent CPUO at five weeks of age,
      with persistent obstruction or relief in 10 days, and were also studied at eight
      weeks. In all animals, intraureteral pressure increased during ipsilateral
      ureteral obstruction and normalized following its release. Recovery of RBF and
      GFR after relief of ipsilateral CPUO in the newborns was only partial at eight
      weeks, with no renal growth or increase in NPG from three to eight weeks of age.
      In contrast, recovery of RBF in the adult was complete 10 days after relief of
      obstruction, with significant increase in GFR, and no decrease in renal mass or
      NPG. We conclude that if delayed, relief of CPUO in the neonate may not restore
      renal growth and functional maturation which have been impaired by CPUO.

PMID- 3386133
TI  - Sodium taurocholate increases hydraulic conductivity in rabbit collecting tubule.
AB  - Abnormalities in renal tubular function occur commonly in the setting of
      hyperbilirubinemia. In the present studies, the possibility that the bile salt
      sodium taurocholate exerts a direct effect on renal epithelial transport was
      investigated in vitro. We found that addition of sodium taurocholate to fluid
      bathing perfused rabbit cortical collecting tubules increases hydraulic
      conductivity (Lp) in a manner similar in time course and significantly less in
      magnitude to that observed with maximal concentrations of arginine vasopressin.
      Sodium taurocholate reversibly potentiates rabbit cortical collecting tubular Lp
      stimulated by maximal concentrations of arginine vasopressin and a
      nonhydrolyzable cyclic AMP analogue. We also found that sodium taurocholate
      induces a dose-dependent leak from tubular lumen to bathing fluid of a small
      molecular weight substance (125I-iothalamate). Our studies suggest that sodium
      taurocholate increases rabbit cortical collecting tubular Lp by a cyclic AMP
      independent mechanism.

PMID- 3386134
TI  - Intracellular sodium in proximal tubules of diabetic rats. Role of glucose.
AB  - Renal hypertrophy is a common consequence of diabetes mellitus that precedes and
      possibly accounts for the increased glomerular filtration rate. We have
      postulated that the glucose-mediated increase in the intracellular concentration
      of sodium [Na]i initiates the chain of events leading to the increase in cell
      size and eventually cell number. Experiments were conducted on Sprague-Dawley
      rats made diabetic by the intravenous injection of 45 mg/kg body wt of
      streptozotocin dissolved in a 5 mM citrate buffer solution. Control animals were
      injected with the vehicle alone. Ninety-six hours and 11 weeks later,
      measurements of [Na]i were done by NMR spectroscopy on suspensions of proximal
      tubules, using dysprosium tripolyphosphate as an extracellular shift reagent. At
      96 hours after the induction of the diabetes, there was a 60% increase in [Na]i
      compared to control (P less than 0.01). No further increase in [Na]i was observed
      during the subsequent 11 weeks of observation. Addition of ouabain (1.0 mM)
      resulted in a fourfold increase in [Na]i in tubules from control animals, and a
      2.5-fold increase in tubules from 96-hour diabetic rats. Ouabain-inhibitable Na+
      K+-ATPase activity was substantially higher in the renal tubules of diabetic
      rats, the increase being proportional to that of [Na]i. In order to ascertain the
      effect of hyperglycemia on [Na]i, proximal tubules prepared from kidneys of
      normal and diabetic rats were exposed to low (5 mM) and high (25 mM)
      concentration of glucose in the media.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3386135
TI  - Oxidant stress following renal ischemia: changes in the glutathione redox ratio.
AB  - Pretreatment of animals with certain antioxidant enzymes and substances decreases
      renal damage following ischemia and reperfusion. The hypothesis that
      reoxygenation imposes an oxidant stress has been used to explain this. The
      present study has directly assessed oxidant stress under these conditions by
      measuring the glutathione redox ratio ([GSSG/(GSH + GSSG)] x 100) in freeze
      clamped kidney. The glutathione peroxidase system plays a role in removing
      peroxides which result from oxidant stress, generating GSSG from GSH in the
      process. The selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase can metabolize H2O2 and
      other hydroperoxides. A non-selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase activity is
      present and can metabolize organic hydroperoxides, but it cannot metabolize H2O2.
      Under anesthesia, the left renal artery was occluded for 40 minutes and then
      reflow was allowed. Kidneys were freeze clamped before reflow and after 5, 10,
      and 15 minutes of reflow. The contralateral kidney was freeze clamped and used as
      a control. The control value for the glutathione redox ratio was 1.09 +/- 0.05.
      This fell during ischemia to 0.67 +/- 0.22 and increased significantly to 1.66 +/
      0.29 after five minutes of reperfusion. By 15 minutes it had returned to 1.09 +/
      0.22. Treatment of rats with diquat, which causes a severe oxidant stress,
      raised the glutathione redox ratio from 0.88 +/- 0.12 to 1.89 +/- 0.15. Thus,
      reperfusion was concluded to cause a large but transient oxidant stress. Selenium
      deficient rats were used to examine the nature of the oxidant stress. Activity of
      the selenoenzyme glutathione peroxidase was depressed to 2% of control in the
      kidneys of these rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3386136
TI  - Renal work, glutathione and susceptibility to free radical-mediated postischemic
      injury.
AB  - Studies were performed to determine whether renal glutathione (GSH) is an
      important free-radical scavenger following ischemia and reperfusion, whether
      alterations in renal transport work affect renal GSH levels, and whether a
      decrease in renal work decreases susceptibility to postischemic renal injury via
      the first two effects. Following administration of either intravenous GSH to
      increase renal GSH or intraperitoneal diethylmaleate to decrease renal GSH,
      Sprague-Dawley rats underwent 60 minutes of renal ischemia. In animals with high
      renal GSH following GSH infusion, GFR 24 hours after ischemia was 0.43 +/- 0.08
      ml/min compared to 0.15 +/- 0.02 ml/min in saline-infused control animals (P less
      than 0.01). When renal GSH was decreased by the administration of diethylmaleate
      postischemic renal dysfunction was accentuated. Twenty-four hours after ischemia
      GFR was 0.05 +/- 0.02 ml/min in diethylmaleate-treated animals and 0.28 +/- 0.06
      ml/min in control animals (P less than 0.005). To test whether a decrease in
      renal transport work alters renal GSH the filtered load of sodium was reduced by
      producing unilateral renal artery stenosis. Alternatively, renal work was
      lessened when sodium reabsorption was interfered with by the infusion of a
      combination of natriuretic agents. Renal artery stenosis produced a 37% decrease
      in GFR. Renal GSH was 0.435 +/- 0.089 nmol/mg protein in intact kidneys and 0.804
      +/- 0.239 nmol/mg protein in stenotic kidneys (P less than 0.05). The infusion of
      natriuretic agents produced no change in GFR or renal plasma flow but resulted in
      a striking elevation in renal GSH.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3386137
TI  - Effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on cytosolic calcium in dispersed parathyroid
      cells.
AB  - We examined the effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) on cytosolic
      calcium ([Ca]i) of dispersed bovine parathyroid cells, using the fluorescent dye
      indo-1. The addition of 10(-8) M 1,25-(OH)2D3 caused an increase in [Ca]i by 23.4
      +/- 2.7% over a 10 minute period. There was a significant increase in [Ca]i
      within two minutes of the addition of 1,25-(OH)2D3. 1,25-(OH)2D3 increased [Ca]i
      in a dose-dependent manner and this occurred with as little as 10(-10) M. Neither
      10(-7) M 25-(OH)D3 nor 10(-7) M 24, 25-(OH)2D3 caused a significant increase in
      [Ca]i. Chelation of extracellular calcium with EGTA blocked the 1,25-(OH)2D3
      induced increase in [Ca]i, suggesting that the increase was mainly from
      extracellular calcium. Neither 10(-5) M verapamil nor 10(-4) M diltiazem blocked
      the 1,25-(OH)2D3-induced increase in [Ca]i. The present data suggest that 1,25
      (OH)2D3 might modify membrane permeability to calcium independent of voltage
      dependent calcium channels sensitive to verapamil or diltiazem. The rapid effect
      of 1,25-(OH)2D3 raises the possibility that its mechanism is independent of
      genome activation, perhaps attributable to direct interaction with components of
      the parathyroid cell plasma membrane.

PMID- 3386138
TI  - Serial micropuncture analysis of single nephron function in subtotal renal
      ablation.
AB  - We developed a series of methodology to analyze function-structure relationship
      at single nephron level in animal models of chronic renal disease. Micropuncture
      measurements were repeated to measure single nephron GFR (SNGFR) and glomerular
      capillary hydraulic pressure (PGC) in the same nephrons, and subsequently examine
      the morphology of these glomeruli by serial section histological analysis. Using
      this approach, a potential causal link between early functional pattern and late
      structural abnormalities was examined in glomeruli of 10 Munich-Wistar rats up to
      six weeks after surgical removal of 5/6 total renal mass. After two weeks all
      SNGFR and PGC values increased uniformly but to varying degrees within each
      remnant kidney. Thereafter, values for SNGFR were highly variable, many declining
      while other increased in the same kidney. PGC showed an initial increase with
      subsequent decrease by four to six weeks. Serial section histological analysis of
      these same glomeruli revealed that the extent of glomerular sclerosis positively
      correlated with the functional deterioration, that is, the degree of reduction in
      SNGFR (P less than 0.01). However, the degree of sclerosis had no tendency to
      correlate with the levels of SNGFR or PGC recorded in early stage. These studies
      indicate that pathophysiologic mechanisms other than, or in addition to, early
      hyperfunction are involved in determining the extent of glomerular structural
      damage in this model of chronic renal failure.

PMID- 3386139
TI  - Analysis of the plasminogen activator activity of the human glomerulus.
AB  - An assay was developed to measure plasminogen activator activity from isolated
      human glomeruli. Activator was extracted from individual glomeruli with 0.2 M
      phosphate-buffered saline, pH 7.4 (PBS), containing 0.01% Triton X-100 and
      quantitated in 125I-fibrin films. Quenching studies using antibodies to tissue
      plasminogen activator and urokinase revealed that the extracted glomerular
      plasminogen activator activity contained both tissue plasminogen activator of
      urokinase. Monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies raised to tissue plasminogen
      activator demonstrated low-level inhibition of urokinase activity and monoclonal
      and polyclonal antibodies to urokinase demonstrated low-level inhibition of
      tissue plasminogen activator activity. The assay should be applicable to the
      study of glomerular plasminogen activator activity in experimental and human
      kidney diseases. The detection of antibody cross-reactivity to tissue plasminogen
      activator and urokinase may be related to the sensitivity of the 125I-fibrin
      assay and to the structural similarities of these activators.

PMID- 3386140
TI  - Role of renal hemodynamics in the exaggerated natriuresis of essential
      hypertension.
AB  - Extracellular fluid volume expansion is known to produce exaggerated natriuresis
      in essential hypertension. In order to assess the role of hemodynamic and
      intrarenal physical factors upon natriuretic response to central volume
      expansion, two hour water immersion (WI) experiments were made in six
      uncomplicated essential hypertensives and six normotensive healthy controls.
      Before and during WI we measured mean arterial pressure (MAP), urine flow
      (V/min), sodium (UNaV) and potassium (UKV) excretion, glomerular filtration rate
      (GFR), effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and intrarenal (wedged) venous pressure
      (IRVP). In comparison with normotensive controls, the exaggerated natriuretic
      response in hypertensives (P less than 0.05 for UNaV during WI) was associated
      with an enhanced vasodilating response as demonstrated by a greater increase in
      ERPF (P less than 0.05) and by a more pronounced fall in calculated renal
      precapillary resistances (P less than 0.05). A more significant increase in IRVP
      was found in hypertensive group (P less than 0.05). Glomerular filtration rate
      (GFR) did not change in either group during WI. MAP, unchanged in normotensives,
      was significantly reduced in hypertensives (P less than 0.05), while remaining in
      the hypertensive range. These findings suggest that intrarenal physical factors
      play a major role in determining the exaggerated natriuresis during WI in
      hypertensive man.

PMID- 3386141
TI  - A method for isolation of mouse glomeruli for quantitation of immune deposits.

PMID- 3386142
TI  - [Role of duodenal motor activity in the pathogenesis of suture incompetence of
      the duodenal stump].

PMID- 3386143
TI  - [Method for the 2-stage formation of an anastomosis following resection of the
      large intestine].

PMID- 3386144
TI  - [Surgical treatment of a suppurating epithelial coccygeal cyst using low
      frequency ultrasound].

PMID- 3386145
TI  - [Use of obturating devices in incomplete labiate intestinal fistulae].

PMID- 3386146
TI  - [Method for treating decompensated chronic duodenal obstruction].

PMID- 3386147
TI  - [Duodenal membrane in a nursing infant].

PMID- 3386148
TI  - [Invaginated intestinal obstruction in a patient with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome].

PMID- 3386149
TI  - [Successful surgical treatment of multiple primary metachronous tumors of the
      intestines].

PMID- 3386150
TI  - [Acute small intestine obstruction due to Meckel's diverticulum and the vermiform
      process].

PMID- 3386151
TI  - [Phlegmon of the small intestine due to gallstone obturation of the lumen].

PMID- 3386152
TI  - [Perforation of the small intestine by a chicken bone in a hernial sac].

PMID- 3386153
TI  - [Combination of diverticulitis of the cecum with mucocele of the appendix].

PMID- 3386154
TI  - [Selective proximal vagotomy in treating duodenal ulcers].

PMID- 3386155
TI  - [Selective proximal vagotomy and endoscopic hemostasis in treating hemorrhaging
      duodenal ulcers].

PMID- 3386156
TI  - [Surgical treatment of combined ulcers of the stomach and duodenum].

PMID- 3386157
TI  - [Treatment of rectal cancer].

PMID- 3386158
TI  - [Interrelation of gastric blood flow and motility before and after surgical
      treatment of duodenal peptic ulcer].

PMID- 3386159
TI  - [Volatile urinary phenols as a sign of dysbacteriosis of the small intestine
      following the surgical treatment of patients with peptic ulcer].

PMID- 3386160
TI  - [Ulcer of the stomach or duodenum in hyperparathyroidism].

PMID- 3386161
TI  - [Treatment of patients with cicatricial stenosis of the esophagus and stomach].

PMID- 3386162
TI  - [Hemosorption in diffuse suppurative peritonitis].

PMID- 3386163
TI  - [Central hemodynamics and myocardial contractile capacity in patients with
      peritonitis during operations under ketamine anesthesia].

PMID- 3386164
TI  - [Comparative characteristics of the microflora of the peritoneal exudate and
      wound discharge in peritonitis of appendicular origin].

PMID- 3386165
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of intestinal perforations and ruptures].

PMID- 3386166
TI  - [The approach in surgery of the adrenals].

PMID- 3386167
TI  - [Arterial pressure during and after implantation of a magnetic obturator device].

PMID- 3386168
TI  - [Combined operations in extensive postoperative ventral hernias].

PMID- 3386169
TI  - [Strangulated hernias].

PMID- 3386170
TI  - [Surgical treatment of inguinal hernias detected during dispensary care].

PMID- 3386171
TI  - [Laser therapy in the combined treatment of suppurative diseases of the lungs and
      pleura].

PMID- 3386172
TI  - [Difficulties in the differential diagnosis of certain forms of pulmonary
      tuberculosis].

PMID- 3386173
TI  - [Reasons for unsatisfactory results with selective proximal vagotomy].

PMID- 3386174
TI  - [Architectonic structure of the blood vessels of the choroid. I. The
      peripapillary area].

PMID- 3386175
TI  - [Measurement of external temperature of the eye in physiological conditions. The
      thermistor thermometer].

PMID- 3386176
TI  - [Measurement of the external temperature of the eye as a method of evaluating the
      effect of vasomotor drugs].

PMID- 3386177
TI  - [Seasonal occurrence of optic neuritis].

PMID- 3386178
TI  - [Filtering bleb in simple glaucoma with normalized intraocular pressure after
      deep sclerectomy].

PMID- 3386179
TI  - [Bilateral enucleation of the eyes inflicted by a mentally ill patient].

PMID- 3386180
TI  - [Architectonic structure of the blood vessels of the choroid. II. The submacular
      area].

PMID- 3386181
TI  - [Effect of cryosurgery of the ciliary body on acid-base equilibrium of the
      aqueous humor after alkali burn of the rabbit cornea].

PMID- 3386182
TI  - [Cardiac dysfunction in children with thalassemia major].
AB  - Evaluation of the cardiac function of seven patients with beta-thalassemia major
      was performed by continuous electrocardiography recording during a 24 hr period
      and during a short term exercise program. A reduction in left ventricular
      function was assessed by echocardiography and radiocardiography during resting
      and during exercise. Serious arrhythmias of various forms in the oldest patients
      (17 and 20 years) were observed during these tests. The younger patients were
      asymptomatic and their cardiac function tests showed no abnormality. In order to
      prevent transfusion related cardiac iron toxicity it would seem mandatory to
      motivate patients for better compliance while on chelation therapy.

PMID- 3386183
TI  - [Psychiatric diseases prior to anorexia nervosa].
AB  - 40 patients suffering from anorexia nervosa and 30 patients of a control group
      suffering from different types of neurosis were retrospectively assessed for
      premorbid psychiatric symptomatology. A high frequency of premorbid psychiatric
      disorders was found in both groups, although phobic behavior and anxiety attacks
      were quite common in the anorectic group. The anxiety disorders often led to
      crisis and failure of the individual when coping with new life situations. The
      findings of the present study indicate that anorexia nervosa is not only a
      resolution of puberal and adolescent turmoil after a "model childhood". Nearly
      two thirds of the patients manifested symptoms of a minor psychiatric illness
      during early or later childhood.

PMID- 3386184
TI  - [Anorexia nervosa in male adolescents. I: Clinical findings].
AB  - In six male patients with anorexia nervosa (a.n.) we describe the anamnestic
      data, the course of disease and progress in therapy. We also present the results
      of psychological testing and organic investigations. The mean weight loss at the
      time of first investigation at the clinic was 70% of ideal body weight. The mean
      time between first symptoms of a.n. and the first admission at the clinic was 19
      months. The psychopathological status showed in all six patients symptoms of
      obsessive, in two patients additional of depressive behavior. This finding is in
      contradiction to the result in 61 female patients with a.n., where hysteriformic
      and depressive symptoms predominated (36). The follow up time reached from 18 to
      84 months (mean 49 months). At the time of last control-investigation we found
      only one patient restored to health, two patients showed a positive progression.
      In two patient the psychiatric situation was nearly unchanged, one patient
      committed suicide. The three patients without positive therapeutic effect were
      three times respectively six times at the inpatient department and discontinued
      two times or also three times the psychotherapy. In our experience the course of
      disease in male patients with a.n. seems to be more serious and more resistant to
      therapy than in female patients.

PMID- 3386185
TI  - [Catamnestic studies of the vaccination status of 7,176 children in Bochum].
AB  - 7176 children, who were hospitalized between 1978 and 1983 in the Children's
      Hospital of the University of Bochum were analysed by the use of case histories
      and vaccination certificates for their status of vaccination. An age related
      complete vaccination status was found only in 46.7% for diphtheria, in 55.3% for
      tetanus and in 48.1% for poliomyelitis. A quarter of all children had not
      received any vaccinations for diphtheria, tetanus or poliomyelitis. Considerable
      gaps for at least one of these three vaccinations were found in half of all
      children. It was striking that especially the booster vaccinations for diphtheria
      in the sixth and seventh year and for tetanus and poliomyelitis in the tenth or
      eleventh year were frequently missed. While vaccinations for measles and mumps
      were increasing in younger children a general decrease for pertussis vaccination
      was noted. Vaccination quotes and the socio-economic situation of the families
      were statistically significantly correlated. Highest rats were found in children
      from university graduates with a decreasing tendency towards a lower socio
      economic level. The situation for foreign worker families was significantly worse
      than for German children. However especially for these children standard
      vaccinations are very important as visits in there home countries produce a high
      incidence of exposure to infections. The general aim of the study was to find out
      those groups where special informations and propagations for vaccination are
      necessary.

PMID- 3386186
TI  - [Transitory prolongation of QT time in severely ill premature and newborn
      infants].
AB  - Over 24 months in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit 118 electrocardiograms were
      recorded in the first three days of life. 12 preterm and term newborns had a
      corrected QT-time-prolongation over 0.44 s. Measurement of the ionized calcium
      level in these children revealed hypocalcemia in only four as a reason for QT
      time-prolongation. One child had hypokalemia, one child suffered from accidental
      Bupivacain injection. In the other six children no known reasons for QT-time
      prolongation could be found. The QT-time-prolongation persisted for a maximum of
      three months, no inherited QT-syndrome existed. We discuss a correlation of these
      transitory QT-time-prolongation with asphyxia which preexisted in all six
      children. Influences on catecholamine receptors of myocardium or changes in
      central sympathicotonus may be assumed.

PMID- 3386187
TI  - [Sinus node reentry tachycardia in a newborn infant].
AB  - A case of sinus node reentrant tachycardia in a newborn is reported. The
      diagnosis was made by surface ECG. Rate and duration of the tachycard attacks
      could be influenced successfully by verapamil in a high dosis.

PMID- 3386188
TI  - [International symposium. Munster, 11-12 June 1988. New aspects of blood
      circulation and oxygen transport in premature infants. Abstracts].

PMID- 3386189
TI  - Frequent autonomic neuropathy in malnutrition--related diabetes mellitus (MRDM).

PMID- 3386190
TI  - Clinical evaluation and MRI findings in early infantile epileptic encephalopathy
      with suppression-burst.

PMID- 3386191
TI  - Osteogenic potential of hematoma in fracture healing--transplantation of hematoma
      under the periosteum of the parietal bone.

PMID- 3386192
TI  - A case of amyloidosis with hyper-alpha-lipoproteinemia.

PMID- 3386194
TI  - AIDS student enters school; Swansea launches program to allay community concerns.

PMID- 3386193
TI  - Students benefit when counselors, nurses join forces.

PMID- 3386195
TI  - Educators concur; liberal arts can influence successful coping skills.

PMID- 3386196
TI  - Developing comprehensive smoking control programs in schools.
AB  - During the school years, students encounter peer influences and role models who
      encourage smoking initiation. To counteract these influences, schools can provide
      comprehensive programs that include smoking prevention and cessation education
      and a supportive nonsmoking environment. In the past several years, programs and
      information have become available to help schools establish curricula to address
      smoking and to create nonsmoking environments. In addition, state and local
      governments have acted to legally restrict smoking in schools or to require
      smoking content in curricula. Efforts can be categorized into three avenues of
      intervention: student education, school and school system policy, and
      governmental regulation. Resources are suggested for each category to assist in
      developing a comprehensive intervention to foster nonsmoking by children and
      adolescents in the school setting.

PMID- 3386197
TI  - Implementing drug education in schools: an analysis of the costs and teacher
      perceptions.
AB  - This study examined conditions in which two substance abuse prevention curricula
      were implemented in three Oregon school districts. Data related to teachers'
      involvement were collected from on-site interviews in 21 schools using a 43-item
      personal interview questionnaire with a stratified random sample of 44 teachers
      of drug education. Information provided by district program coordinators included
      details of inservice training, and financial costs to implement the Here's
      Looking at You, Two, (HLAY, II) and Starting Early curricula with 4,325 students.
      Teacher perceptions related to their responsibility for implementing the program,
      the quality of the curriculum, quality of the inservice, quality of the
      implementation procedures, and degree of teacher compliance for teaching the
      curricula. Results from teacher interviews and time and financial costs analysis
      could prove useful to school districts, building administrators, and teachers who
      plan to implement school-based drug education programs.

PMID- 3386198
TI  - Factors affecting reliability coefficients of health attitude scales.
AB  - This study determined the minimum number of health attitude items and minimum
      sample size required to achieve maximum scale reliability coefficients, using
      different methods of estimating reliability. A 54-item alcohol attitude scale was
      administered to 700 participants. The scale produced .96 and .91 reliability
      coefficients, using the Cronbach Alpha (CA) and the Split-half (S-B) methods,
      respectively. A computer program randomly selected groups of participants and
      items from the pool of participants and items using different increments. A
      matrix of coefficients of reliability for both methods was calculated for
      different groups of items and sample size. To replicate the study, a 30-item
      cancer attitude scale was administered to more than 1,000 representative
      participants and produced reliability coefficients of .94 (using CA) and .82
      (using S-B). The same computer and statistical procedures were repeated for the
      second data set. Results from both analyses consistently demonstrated that sample
      size has an insignificant effect on the coefficient values of reliability.
      Reliability increased as the number of items reached 18. Adding more items only
      negligibly increased the coefficients. Overall, the CA method consistently
      produced higher coefficient values of reliability compared to the S-B method.

PMID- 3386199
TI  - Implications of the Holmes report for health education.

PMID- 3386200
TI  - One theory of teen-age suicide.

PMID- 3386201
TI  - Understanding the mind-body relationship.

PMID- 3386202
TI  - Perceptions of school nursing by school districts.

PMID- 3386203
TI  - School-based follow-up care for sports physicals.

PMID- 3386204
TI  - Active and realistic passive marijuana exposure tested by three immunoassays and
      GC/MS in urine.
AB  - Human urine samples obtained before and after active and passive exposure to
      marijuana were analyzed by immune kits (Roche, Amersham, and Syva) and gas
      chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Seven of eight subjects were positive
      for the entire five-day test period with one immune kit. The latter correlated
      with GC/MS in 98% of the samples. Passive inhalation experiments under conditions
      likely to reflect realistic exposure resulted consistently in less than 10 ng/mL
      of cannabinoids. The 10-100-ng/mL cannabinoid concentration range essential for
      detection of occasional and moderate marijuana users is thus unaffected by
      realistic passive inhalation.

PMID- 3386205
TI  - Rapid determination of low pg/mg amounts of N-nitrosodimethylamine in rodent body
      fluid and tissue samples by low resolution mass spectrometry.
AB  - A rapid, sensitive, specific, and cost-effective method for the determination of
      N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in rodent tissue and body fluid samples is
      reported. The method involves isolation of the NDMA from the samples with
      subsequent detection and quantitation of observed NDMA against a mass labeled N
      [15N]nitrosodimethyl-[15N]amine ([15N]NDMA) internal standard by capillary gas
      chromatography/mass spectrometry with selected ion monitoring. Validation of the
      method includes linearity studies of NDMA response, calculation of the relative
      response factor (RRF) for NDMA vs. [15N]NDMA, and absolute recovery studies.
      Estimates of precision, detection limit, and minimum quantifiable limit are also
      reported.

PMID- 3386206
TI  - Quantitation of flurazepam and three metabolites by electron capture gas liquid
      chromatography.
AB  - Flurazepam and three of its metabolic products (desalkyl, hydroxyethyl, and
      aldehyde metabolites) can be simultaneously quantitated without derivatization by
      gas chromatography with electron capture detection. After addition of a suitable
      internal standard, unknown biological samples and calibration standards are
      extracted at neutral pH into benzene/isoamyl alcohol. The reconstituted extract
      is chromatographed at 275 degrees C with a 10% OV-101 liquid phase, which allows
      resolution of all 5 compounds. In some cases a 1% OV-225 liquid phase is used for
      quantitation of hydroxyethylflurazepam. The method is sufficiently sensitive and
      reproducible for use in clinical and experimental pharmacokinetic studies.

PMID- 3386207
TI  - Atomic absorption spectrophotometric microdetermination of total mercury in
      undigested biological samples.
AB  - The influence of reaction time upon stannous (II) chloride as a reductant in the
      cold-vapor atomic absorption spectrophotometric method was investigated. In this
      comparative study, virtually all operating conditions, including volumes and
      chemicals used, were made identical except for the redesigning of the reaction
      vessels. The use of a reaction mixing time of 2 minutes (TR method), rather than
      immediate bubbling with aspiration (IL method) of total mercury from undigested
      biological samples, has several advantages. There is an average 4.5-fold increase
      in sensitivity of peak height readings with virtually no loss of mercury vapor
      from the reaction vessel by diffusion. Using the TR method also eliminated
      interaction of mercury with the matrices investigated, viz., undigested blood,
      undigested saliva, undigested urine, and digested hair samples. The average
      recovery for the TR method was superior to the IL method, 99.3 +/- 3.2% vs. 84.7
      +/- 3.3%, p less than 0.05. In addition, mercury concentrations determined with
      the TR method were identical using either peak area or peak height readings. It
      was also found that concentrations determined using either the formulae given by
      Magos and Clarkson (4) and Farant et al. (5) or an aqueous calibration curve were
      equivalent. Only 0.2-1.0 mL of biological samples was needed for each analysis in
      the study.

PMID- 3386208
TI  - Sample handling and storage for the quantitative analysis of volatile compounds
      in blood: the determination of toluene by headspace gas chromatography.
AB  - The problems associated with the handling and storage of blood samples for the
      analysis of toluene in toxicological casework using headspace gas chromatography
      have been investigated. Significant losses of toluene and the internal standard,
      ethylbenzene, from solution may be observed during handling. Toluene may be lost
      into the headspace above the blood in a storage container while such headspaces
      can also be detrimental, leading to the formation of n-hexanal, a possible
      interference with the assay. Large differences in the stability of toluene were
      seen for blood samples in different types of storage container. Storage
      containers in which the sample was only in contact with glass, teflon, or
      aluminum foil were most satisfactory. It is recommended that blood samples should
      be stored in appropriate containers with minimum headspace under cold conditions
      (4 degrees C). Transfers of blood should also be made at cold temperatures. The
      applicability of these guidelines to the analysis of other volatile compounds is
      discussed.

PMID- 3386209
TI  - Interference with analysis of amphetamine in blood by N-ethylbenzenamine from
      rubber septums.
AB  - When blood stored in glass vials sealed with natural rubber septums was screened
      for amphetamine, a contaminant was seen. The contamination originated from the
      rubber septums and was identified by GC/MS as N-ethylbenzenamine. Like
      amphetamine, N-ethylbenzenamine was extracted from strongly alkaline solutions. N
      Ethylbenzenamine and amphetamine chromatographed with the same retention time on
      a packed Apiezon/KOH column and on nonpolar capillary columns. Separation was
      achieved on a medium polar capillary column. Trifluoroacetyl derivatives of
      amphetamine and N-ethylbenzenamine had the same retention time on a packed SP
      2250 column, but separated on nonpolar capillary columns. The amounts of N
      ethylbenzenamine found were high enough to give rise to significant false
      positive results if N-ethylbenzenamine was erroneously read as amphetamine. N
      Ethylbenzenamine is believed to be formed by thermal decomposition of the
      vulcanizing agent zinc ethylphenyldithiocarbamate used in rubber production.

PMID- 3386210
TI  - Measurement of trazodone using solid-phase extraction and wide-bore capillary gas
      chromatography with nitrogen-selective detection.
AB  - A method for the determination of the antidepressant drug trazodone is presented.
      8-Hydroxyloxapine is used as the internal standard. A simple solid-phase
      extraction procedure utilizing disposable reversed-phase C18 columns is
      described. Samples are analyzed by gas chromatography with nitrogen-selective
      detection using a wide-bore capillary column with a permanently bonded, nonpolar
      stationary phase. The assay possesses linearity to 3.0 micrograms/mL, sensitivity
      to at least 0.25 microgram/mL, recovery averaging 96%, and between-run precision
      reflected by a CV of 5.6%. We conclude that the method reported here is ideally
      suited for monitoring therapeutic and toxic levels of trazodone.

PMID- 3386211
TI  - Confirmation and quantitation of cocaine, benzoylecgonine, ecgonine methyl ester
      in human urine by GC/MS.
AB  - A rapid, sensitive, reliable quantitative GC/MS method using 0.2 mL of urine was
      developed for the confirmation of cocaine use. After a simple organic solvent
      extraction and derivatization with pentafluoropropionic anhydride, cocaine,
      benzoylecgonine, and ecgonine methyl ester were identified by GC/MS through the
      retention time for the total ion current and selected ion monitoring (SIM) for
      each analyte. Quantitation was achieved by obtaining the calibration curves for
      the molecular ion ratios of the analyte/ketamine (IS) over a range of 12.5-250
      ng/mL (0.1-2 ng total). The extraction efficiency for these analytes ranged from
      70 to 82%. The sensitivity limit of detection for each analyte was 12.5 ng/mL
      (0.1 ng) at p less than 0.01. Intra- and interday precision for these analytes
      ranged between 14.7 and 29.5% CV. This method is in routine use in our laboratory
      for the GC/MS confirmation of enzyme immunoassay cocaine-positive urine samples.

PMID- 3386212
TI  - Serious complications in the liquid scintillation counting analysis of mercury
      203.
AB  - The decrease in the count rate of mercury-203 as calculated from its half-life is
      approximately 0.06% per hour. In actual practice using liquid scintillation
      counting, this decrease can be far greater. It is shown that fluorescence,
      adsorption, and chemical reduction followed by volatilization are not responsible
      for this apparent loss of activity. The origin of the phenomenon is shown to be
      precipitation in the short term (24 h) followed by surface adsorption of the
      precipate in the longer term (greater than 2 days).

PMID- 3386213
TI  - Determination of urinary phenol by acid hydrolysis and capillary gas
      chromatography.
AB  - An improved method for the determination of urinary phenol by the traditional
      precolumn hydrolysis technique is described. Following acid hydrolysis and
      diethylether extraction, phenol is separated from other urinary components within
      3 minutes using the proposed capillary GC method. Analytical recovery was over
      95%. The within-run CV was less than 2% and the day-to-day variation was less
      than 8%.

PMID- 3386214
TI  - Chromium determinations in a case of chromic acid ingestion.
AB  - A fatal case of acute chromic acid ingestion is reported. The case history and
      biological fluid concentrations of chromium are presented and discussed. Previous
      cases of acute chromium intoxication are reviewed and recommendations for the
      management of such patients are presented.

PMID- 3386215
TI  - Lacquer fumes and the Intoxilyzer.

PMID- 3386216
TI  - Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura associated with pulmonary sarcoidosis.

PMID- 3386218
TI  - The basics of contract medicine: a case in point.

PMID- 3386217
TI  - Management of single intrauterine fetal death in a twin pregnancy.

PMID- 3386220
TI  - A 40-year-old woman with abdominal pain.

PMID- 3386219
TI  - Blunt vascular trauma of the upper extremity.

PMID- 3386221
TI  - Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia.

PMID- 3386222
TI  - A 65-year-old woman with progressive dyspnea. Scimitar syndrome.

PMID- 3386223
TI  - Early identification of risk factors in children to reduce hypertension.

PMID- 3386224
TI  - Patient walks in--patient walks out.

PMID- 3386225
TI  - Evidence for sex-dependent anabolic response to androgenic steroids mediated by
      muscle glucocorticoid receptors in the rat.
AB  - The muscle anabolic/anti-catabolic activity of the androgenic steroids
      testosterone and trenbolone was studied in rats to investigate whether such
      steroids act as agonists via muscle androgen receptors, or as antagonists that
      oppose the catabolic effects of endogenous glucocorticoids via their interaction
      with muscle glucocorticoid receptors. For comparison, the effects of the potent
      glucocorticoid antagonist RU486 were also examined. The parameters measured
      included growth rate, muscle weight, serum growth hormone and corticosterone
      levels, and receptor binding parameters in muscle cytosol. Females responded
      better than males to anabolic treatment with the androgenic steroids. Ovariectomy
      or adrenalectomy abolished this response. Neither the sex difference nor the
      requirement for ovaries or adrenals could be explained in terms of muscle
      receptor parameters or serum growth hormone levels. The muscle anabolic activity
      of androgenic steroids was restored when castrated males were treated with
      oestradiol and when adrenalectomized females were treated with corticosterone.
      RU486 also prevented the catabolic/anti-anabolic activity of exogenous
      corticosterone in adrenalectomized rats. Testosterone and RU486 behaved as anti
      glucocorticoids in vivo since they inhibited glucocorticoid-induced liver
      tyrosine aminotransferase activity. The results suggest that anabolic steroids
      can act via muscle glucocorticoid receptors, thereby antagonizing the catabolic
      activity of endogenous glucocorticoids, rather than via muscle androgen
      receptors.

PMID- 3386226
TI  - Estrogen receptor binding affinity and uterotrophic activity of
      triphenylhaloethylenes.
AB  - Radiohalogenated estrogens have considerable potential for estrogen receptor
      directed imaging and therapy for cancers which contain such receptors. In an
      effort to evaluate the potential of the triphenyl ethylene structure for such
      purposes we have synthesized 3 series of 2-halosubstituted triphenylethylenes
      containing oxygen functions in the 4 position of both aromatic rings attached to
      carbon 1 of the ethylene and tested their uterotrophic activity and competition
      for rat uterine low salt extractable, "cytosol" estrogen receptor. Most active,
      both as competitors for estradiol binding to estrogen receptors and by their
      ability to stimulate uterine growth are the 1,1-bis-4-hydroxyphenyl derivatives
      although the 1,1-bis-4-acetoxyphenyl derivatives also show good receptor affinity
      and demonstrate uterotrophic activities. However, since uterine cytosol contains
      enzymes which hydrolyze the acetates to the free phenols even during the
      incubation in the cold used for the competitive binding studies, a significant
      portion of the competition shown by the diacetates is probably due to their
      hydrolysis products, the free phenols. The 1,1-bis-4-methoxyphenyl derivatives
      are weak competitive binders and demonstrate uterotrophic activity only when
      administered at the higher, 20 micrograms, doses. Comparing the relative
      activities of various halogens at the 2 position, in each series the bromo and
      chloro derivatives generally were of similar activity and significantly more
      active than the corresponding iodo derivative. The non-halogen substituted
      derivatives were very good competitors for estrogen receptor binding but less
      active with regard to uterine growth stimulation, providing evidence that in vivo
      the vinyl halides would appear to be relatively stable to simple dehalogenation.
      Since they show reasonably good apparent affinities for the estrogen receptor and
      apparent in vivo stability, reflected by estrogenic activity, these halogen
      substituted triphenylethylene derivatives appear to be promising substrates for
      investigations of estrogen receptor directed imaging and therapy.

PMID- 3386227
TI  - Effects of progesterone, promegestone and RU 486 on glucocorticoid receptor
      levels in primary cultures of mouse mammary epithelial cells.
AB  - Mammary epithelial cells isolated from midpregnant mice and cultured on collagen
      gels contain glucocorticoid receptors whose levels are modulated by a variety of
      steroids. In the absence of any added steroid to the cell culture medium, the
      levels of glucocorticoid receptors in the cells decline during culture, which is
      counteracted by the addition of a variety of glucocorticoid agonists. The
      effectiveness of the glucocorticoid in preventing the loss of glucocorticoid
      receptors is in turn counteracted by the addition of the synthetic progestin
      promegestone and the synthetic antiglucocorticoid RU 486. Of the two, RU 486 is
      the most potent in antagonizing the effect of cortisol on the GR levels.
      Promegestone antagonizes the effect of cortisol, too, although higher
      concentrations are necessary. Progesterone was without a clear effect either as a
      glucocorticoid agonist or an antagonist. Progesterone, however, was extensively
      metabolized by mammary epithelial cells in culture. Based on these observations
      we conclude that in mammary epithelial cells glucocorticoids positively regulate
      the metabolism of their own receptors and that antiglucocorticoids, such as RU
      486 and progestins, can antagonize that effect.

PMID- 3386228
TI  - Ring hydroxylation of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol by rat renal microsomes.
AB  - Two metabolites have been isolated from rat renal microsomes incubated with 25
      hydroxycholecalciferol. Postmitochondrial supernatant fractions from kidneys of
      thyroidectomized and parathyroidectomized rats were incubated with magnesium
      acetate, potassium acetate, an NADPH generating system, and 25
      hydroxycholecalciferol at a level of 20 micrograms/ml postmitochondrial
      supernatant for 60 min at 30 degrees C. Lipid extracts of the incubation mixtures
      were purified by silica gel TLC and HPLC. Two peaks were obtained. Metabolite chi
      2 eluted at 18 min and metabolite chi 1 at 23 min when chromatographed on a
      silica column developed with hexane-isopropanol. Metabolites chi 1 and chi 2 were
      found to have maximal absorbance at 265 nm. Both metabolites were periodate
      sensitive, indicating vicinal hydroxyl groups. Mass spectral analysis of
      metabolite chi 2, which was isolated in greater quantity than metabolite chi 1,
      indicates that metabolite chi 2 had resulted from hydroxylation of the A ring.
      Results indicate that 25-hydroxycholecalciferol is hydroxylated on carbon 2 or
      carbon 4 by renal microsomes. Metabolites chi 1 and chi 2, because of similarity
      in chromatographic migration and periodate sensitivity, are, perhaps, isomers or
      2- and 4-hydroxylated metabolites.

PMID- 3386229
TI  - Contrasting effects of estradiol-17 beta and 17 alpha-ethinyl estradiol-17 beta
      on cultured whole embryos.
AB  - Estradiol-17 beta (E2) and 17 alpha-ethinyl estradiol-17 beta (EE) were compared
      in terms of their relative capacities to alter growth and developmental patterns
      of cultured whole embryos during the early stages of organogenesis. Embryos
      exhibited a notable differential susceptibility to the embryotoxic effects of
      parents E2 vs EE when these estrogens were added directly to the media at the
      onset of the culture period. At initial concentrations of 0.1 mM, E2 failed to
      produce statistically significant effects whereas EE elicited marked
      embryotoxicity. Inclusion of a P-450-dependent biotransformation system in the
      culture media resulted in a significant attenuation of the embryotoxic effects of
      parent E2 vs EE when these estrogens were added directly to the media at the
      onset of the culture period. At initial concentrations of 0.1 mM, E2 failed to
      produce statistically embryotoxicity by hepatic S9. The divergent results
      produced by the two steroids could not be attributed to differences in rates of
      catecholestrogen generation in the culture medium or by the conceptuses. The
      results demonstrate definitive dissimilarities between the effects of two
      steroidal estrogens on developmental parameters and document marked differences
      in the effects of biotransformation on their embryotoxic potential. The data
      strongly suggest that the embryotoxicity of these steroids is not mediated via
      interactions with estrogen receptors. Additionally, the data show that the
      differential capacity of these two steroids to produce embryotoxic effects is
      diametrically opposite to earlier reported patterns of their carcinogenic
      potential in the Syrian hamster kidney.

PMID- 3386230
TI  - Plasma corticosteroid patterns in the fetus.
AB  - In umbilical vein blood samples collected in 137 fetuses between 19 and 31 weeks
      of gestation, cortisol (F), cortisone (E), 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) and 11
      deoxycortisol (S) were radioimmunoassayed after column chromatography on Sephadex
      LH-20 of plasma extracts. While F levels plateaued throughout the period
      considered those of E displayed an increasing pattern which appeared to be
      comparable with that of unbound F in pregnant women. The declining pattern of S
      and more particularly of 17-OHP would suggest an increasing utilization and
      metabolization of these F precursors by the maturing fetus. E was not correlated
      with either 17-OHP or S but showed a significant correlation with F. S and 17-OHP
      were correlated with each other and with F. The significance of these
      correlations was discussed according to the different origin of these steroids
      and to their metabolic relationships. The application of this method for the
      prenatal diagnosis of inborn errors of steroid biogenesis is suggested.

PMID- 3386231
TI  - Gerbil adrenal 11 beta- and 19-hydroxylating activities respond similarly to
      inhibitory or stimulatory agents: two activities of a single enzyme.
AB  - A high level of steroid 19-hydroxylation is exhibited by adrenal mitochondria of
      the gerbil, Meriones, unguiculatus, that accounts for the ability of that species
      to produce nearly equal amounts of corticosterone and 19-hydroxycorticosterone
      (Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. Med. 165 (1980) 69-74). Inhibitors of steroidogenesis and
      a polyclonal antibody against bovine cytochrome P-450(11 beta) were used to
      determine if the agents would effect differential or parallel suppression of 19-
      vs 11 beta-hydroxylation by gerbil adrenal mitochondria in vitro. The inhibitors
      (0.1-60 microM) tested (listed in order of decreasing effectiveness) were
      imazalil, metyrapone, miconazole and 4-hydroxyandrostenedione. With each
      inhibitor the degree of suppression of 11 beta-hydroxylation was accompanied by a
      parallel decline in 19-hydroxylation. The addition of the polyclonal antibody
      preparation also produced equivalent declines in the rates of the two
      hydroxylation reactions. The addition of ACTH 1 microM to primary cultures of
      gerbil adrenal cells brought about nearly equal increases in the secretion of 11
      beta- and 19-hydroxylated steroids into the culture media. These results support
      the hypothesis that the 11 beta-hydroxylase of gerbil adrenal mitochondria has
      the capacity to carry out 11 beta- and 19-hydroxylations with nearly equal
      facility.

PMID- 3386232
TI  - Synthesis and biological activity of 17 beta-substituted estradiol.
AB  - The dialkylaminoethoxy side chain in triphenylethylene antiestrogens is required
      for their antiestrogenic activity. Without this side chain the compounds lose
      their antiestrogenic activity and become essentially estrogenic. Estradiol
      substituted at the 17 beta-position with dialkylaminoethoxy,
      dialkylaminoethylamino, or dialkylaminoethylthiol were synthesized and tested for
      their ability to displace estradiol for its receptor. All of the derivatives
      tested exhibited low binding affinities to the estrogen receptor, with RBA values
      ranging between 0 to 1.2 (estradiol = 100). The mouse and rat uterine weight test
      revealed only low estrogenic activity for this class of compounds. None of the
      estradiol derivatives synthesized showed antiestrogenic activity.

PMID- 3386233
TI  - Conversion of 11-deoxycorticosterone and corticosterone to aldosterone by
      cytochrome P-450 11 beta-/18-hydroxylase from porcine adrenal.
AB  - Highly purified cytochrome P-450 11 beta-/18-hydroxylase and the electron
      carriers adrenodoxin and adrenodoxin reductase were prepared from porcine
      adrenal. When the enzyme was incubated with the electron carriers, 11
      deoxycorticosterone (DOC) and NADPH, the following products were isolated and
      measured by HPLC: corticosterone, 18-hydroxy-11-deoxycorticosterone (18
      hydroxyDOC), 18-hydroxycorticosterone and aldosterone. All of the DOC consumed by
      the enzyme can be accounted for by the formation of these four steroids.
      Aldosterone was identified by mass spectroscopy and by preparing [3H]aldosterone
      from [3H]corticosterone followed by recrystallization at constant specific
      activity after addition of authentic aldosterone. Corticosterone and 18
      hydroxycorticosterone were also converted to aldosterone. Conversion of
      corticosterone and 18-hydroxycorticosterone to aldosterone required P-450, both
      electron carriers, NADPH and substrate. The reaction is inhibited by CO and
      metyrapone. Moreover, all three activities of the purified enzyme decline at the
      same rate when the enzyme is kept at room temperature for various periods of time
      and when the enzyme is treated with increasing concentrations of anti-11 beta
      hydroxylase (IgG) before assay. It is concluded that cytochrome P-450 11 beta-/18
      hydroxylase can convert DOC to aldosterone via corticosterone and 18
      hydroxycorticosterone. The stoichiometry of this conversion was found to be 3
      moles of NADPH, 3 moles of H+ and 3 moles of oxygen per mole of aldosterone
      produced.

PMID- 3386234
TI  - Hydrogen exchange during oxidoreduction and epimerization at C-3 of C19 steroid
      sulphates in the rat.
AB  - Mixtures of 17 beta-hydroxy-5 alpha-[16,16,17 alpha-2H3]androstan-3-one 17
      sulphate and 5 alpha-[3 beta (or 3 alpha)-2H]androstane-3 alpha (or 3 beta), 17
      beta-diol 17-sulphate were incubated with isolated hepatocytes from female rats
      or infused intravenously in female rats with bile fistulas. The androstanediols
      formed were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Metabolism of 3H
      labelled steroids was also studied in corresponding experiments. Isolated
      hepatocytes rapidly reduced the 3-oxosteroid to the corresponding 3 alpha
      hydroxysteroid, which was more rapidly sulphated than the incubated 3 alpha
      androstanediol. The 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid was extensively oxidoreduced both in
      vivo and in isolated hepatocytes. The intermediate formed during oxidoreduction
      in vivo was incompletely mixed with the infused 3-oxosteroid indicating
      extrahepatic uptake of the latter. The 3 beta-hydroxysteroid was sulphated
      without significant oxidoreduction and a minor fraction was converted to 3 alpha
      hydroxysteroid both in vivo and in isolated hepatocytes. The incubated 3 beta
      hydroxysteroid contributed more to the disulphate of the isolated 3 alpha
      hydroxysteroid than to the monosulphate, indicating that the incubated 3
      oxosteroid and the intermediate in the inversion were not completely mixed.
      Deuterium from the 3 beta- or 3 alpha-positions of the incubated [3
      2H]androstanediols was not incorporated in androstanediol molecules derived from
      the 3-oxosteroid. However, both in vivo and in isolated hepatocytes the 5 alpha
      [3 alpha-2H]androstane-3 beta,17 beta-diol 17-sulphate molecules which underwent
      inversion at C-3 retained 50-80% of the deuterium. This indicates that the
      inversion was not caused by two separate oxidoreductases.

PMID- 3386235
TI  - Nuclear glucocorticoid receptor binding in L6 skeletal muscle cells in culture.
AB  - Mechanisms underlying glucocorticoid hormone actions on skeletal muscle remain
      incompletely understood. This problem may be amenable to solution with a simple
      cell culture system in which the hormonal environment can be controlled. In this
      report, we demonstrate that the L6 muscle cell line may provide such a system.
      These cells, which possess many morphological and functional characteristics of
      skeletal muscle, originate as mononuclear myoblasts, which fuse to form
      multinucleated myotubes. L6 myoblasts and myotubes contain an intracellular
      glucocorticoid receptor that has binding parameters and ligand specificity
      similar to those of glucocorticoid receptors of classical glucocorticoid target
      tissues. A major advantage of the use of cultured cells is ease of isolation of
      myonuclei that display specific glucocorticoid receptor binding. L6 muscle cells
      should provide a valuable model system for further studies of the mechanisms of
      glucocorticoid hormone actions on muscle.

PMID- 3386236
TI  - Evidence for a Leydig cell progesterone receptor in the rat.
AB  - Tritiated promegestone [3H] R 5020 is bound with high affinity by charcoal
      treated cytosol prepared from purified Leydig cells. The binding is characterized
      by high affinity (Kd = 2 x 10(-9) M) and specificity (R 5020 = progesterone
      greater than testosterone = dehydrotestosterone greater than hydroxyprogesterone
      greater than cortisol = dexamethasone greater than estradiol) appropriate for
      progesterone receptors. In vitro, progestin-bound cytosol was quantitatively
      translocated to nuclei fractions, only if cytosol samples were previously labeled
      at 25 degrees C. However no translocation of binding activity was observed when
      previous cytosol labeling was done in the presence of sodium molybdate. Effects
      of glucocorticoids, androgens and estrogens on the Leydig cell are well
      documented, the demonstration of a putative progesterone receptor raises the
      possibility of direct effect of progesterone on the Leydig cell.

PMID- 3386237
TI  - Changes in adrenocortical monooxygenase activities in alloxan-diabetic rabbits.
AB  - Studies were carried out to determine if diabetes mellitus influenced the
      activities of adrenal steroidogenic enzymes. Adult male rabbits were made
      diabetic by an i.v. infusion of alloxan (100 mg/kg) and were killed 1 or 2 months
      later. Mitochondrial cytochrome P-450 concentrations were not affected by
      diabetes but steroid 11 beta-hydroxylase activity was greater in the diabetics
      than in controls after both 1 and 2 months. The type I spectral change produced
      by 11-deoxycorticosterone, the substrate for 11 beta-hydroxylation, was also
      greater in mitochondria from diabetics. By contrast, mitochondrial cholesterol
      side-chain cleavage activity was similar in controls and diabetics. Microsomal
      cytochrome P-450 concentrations were unaffected by diabetes but 21-hydroxylase
      activity was significantly lower in adrenal microsomes from diabetics than from
      controls. The results indicate that alloxan-induced diabetes alters
      adrenocortical steroid metabolism which may contribute to changes in the pattern
      of steroid secretion noted by other investigators.

PMID- 3386238
TI  - Recent advances in steroid biochemistry. Proceedings of the Eighth International
      Symposium of the Journal of Steroid Biochemistry. Paris, France, 24-27 May 1987.

PMID- 3386239
TI  - Studies with antibodies against the conserved cysteine region of progesterone
      receptor.
AB  - Polyclonal antibodies were generated against two synthetic peptides corresponding
      to sequences from the DNA-binding domain of steroid receptors. The sequence for
      peptide 1 (13 amino acids) lies between the two putative metal-binding loops of
      the conserved cysteine region while the sequence for peptide 2 (12 amino acids)
      lies within one loop. Peptide antibodies were generated by injecting rabbits with
      peptide conjugated to bovine serum albumin. By Western blot analysis, antibodies
      to peptide 2 recognized chick and human progesterone receptor and human
      glucocorticoid receptor, but peptide 1 antibodies did not. No cross-reactivity
      with native chick progesterone receptor was detected with either anti-peptide.
      These findings suggest that the epitopes for peptide 2 antibodies, and possibly
      for peptide 1 antibodies, are inaccessible to antibody in the native receptor.

PMID- 3386240
TI  - Commentary on human mammary preneoplasia. The estrogen receptor-promotion
      hypothesis.
AB  - In the carcinogenic process, promotion is the process whereby an initiated tissue
      develops focal proliferations which act as proximate precursors. The evidence
      obtained from the immunocytochemical staining by monoclonal anti-receptor
      antibodies indicates that the early steps (atypical hyperplasias) in the
      carcinogenic process of the breast show an increased and homogeneous expression
      of the estrogen receptor. These observations suggest that the persistent
      sensitivity to estrogen may be critical in sustaining the growth of mammary
      preneoplastic changes and their progression to ultimate precursors and to
      invasive cancer.

PMID- 3386241
TI  - Corticosteroid binding globulin, testosterone-estradiol binding globulin, and
      androgen binding protein belong to protein families distinct from steroid
      receptors.
AB  - The cDNA nucleotide sequences and the deduced amino acid sequences of human
      corticosteroid binding globulin (hCBG), human testosterone-estradiol binding
      globulin (hTeBG), and rat androgen binding protein (rABP) were determined.
      Studies of the steroid binding sites suggest they are toward the carboxy-terminus
      in hTeBG and rABP and more central in hCBG. hCBG has remarkable sequence homology
      with members of a superfamily whose functions have diverged; these include
      thyroxine-binding protein, serine protease inhibitors, egg white proteins, and
      angiotensinogen. hTeBG and rABP have a 68% amino acid sequence identity.
      Hybridization studies suggest that hTeBG is probably even more closely related,
      if not identical, to hABP. The carboxy-terminal sequences of hTeBG and rABP are
      also similar to that of protein S, a vitamin-K-dependent clotting factor. There
      were no nucleotide or amino acid sequence homologies between hCBG, hTeBG, or rABP
      and other steroid binding proteins such as steroid receptors, albumin, alpha
      fetoprotein, and vitamin D binding protein. We conclude that the "extracellular
      steroid binding proteins" and steroid receptors do not appear to have descended
      from a common ancestor.

PMID- 3386242
TI  - Biology and mode of action of pure antioestrogens.
AB  - The properties of a series of 7 alpha-alkyl analogues of oestradiol are
      described. Studies of chemical structure and activity in the immature rat
      uterotrophic/antiuterotrophic assay revealed that molecules containing a terminal
      functional group (acid, alcohol, amine, amide) linked to the steroid by a
      decamethylene bridge possess both oestradiol agonist and antagonist activity.
      However, certain amides, exemplified by the compound ICI 164,384 [N-n-butyl-11
      (3,17 beta-dihydroxyoestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-7 alpha-yl)-N-methylundecanamide],
      were devoid of oestrogenic activity but possessed potent antioestrogenic
      activity. Comparison of receptor binding and biological potency of steroid 7
      alpha- and 7 beta-isomers showed that activity is confined largely to the 7 alpha
      isomer. Comparison of the effects of tamoxifen and ICI 164,384 on progesterone
      receptor (PR) concentration in the rat uterus showed that, unlike tamoxifen, ICI
      164,384 did not induce PR and blocked induction of PR by oestradiol. Chronic
      treatment of mature female rats with ICI 164,384 led to an ovariectomy-like
      regression of the uterus without affecting LH secretion or the rate of growth.
      ICI 164,384 was also an effective antitumour agent in rats bearing carcinogen
      induced mammary tumours.

PMID- 3386243
TI  - Glucocorticoid effect on arachidonic acid metabolism in vivo.
AB  - Glucocorticoids have been shown in in vitro systems to inhibit the release of
      arachidonic acid metabolites, namely prostaglandins (PGs) and leukotrienes,
      apparently, via the induction of a phospholipase A2 inhibitory protein, called
      lipocortin. On the basis of these in vitro results, it has been suggested that
      inhibition of eicosanoid production is, at least partially, responsible for the
      well-known anti-inflammatory effect of glucocorticoids. There is, however, no
      firm evidence proving that glucocorticoids also inhibit prostaglandin or
      leukotriene synthesis in vivo. In a series of studies, we have investigated the
      effects of anti-inflammatory steroids on the production of six different cyclo
      oxygenase products in vivo. Urinary prostaglandin (PG) E2(1), PGF2 alpha,
      thromboxane B2 (TxB2), 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, and the major urinary metabolites of
      the E and F PGs, PGE-M and PGF-M, respectively, were determined by
      radioimmunoassay and by GC-MS. Administration of pharmacological doses of
      dexamethasone to rabbits failed to inhibit urinary excretion rates of PGE2, TxB2,
      6-keto-PGF1 alpha and that of PGE-M and PGF-M. In contrast, urinary PGF2 alpha
      was slightly reduced by dexamethasone. In further experiments the effect of
      dexamethasone was studied in humans. Urinary excretion rates of PGE2, PGE-M, PGF
      M, 2,3-dinor TxB2 and 2,3-dinor 6-keto-PGF1 alpha were not suppressed by
      dexamethasone. Collagen-induced platelet TxB2 formation and platelet aggregation
      was also unaltered. To test one possible explanation for the apparent discrepancy
      between in vitro and in vivo effects of glucocorticoids on arachidonic acid
      metabolites we investigated the effects of dexamethasone in vivo on basal and on
      antidiuretic hormone-stimulated renal PG synthesis. Dexamethasone treatment
      failed to inhibit both basal and antidiuretic hormone-stimulated PGE2 and PGF2
      alpha production. We conclude that glucocorticoids in vivo do not decrease the
      basal rate of total body, kidney and platelet prostanoid synthesis, and that
      dexamethasone does not inhibit renal PG production when it is elevated by
      antidiuretic hormone, a physiological stimulus. Thus, a differential effect of
      glucocorticoids on basal vs stimulated PG synthesis cannot account for the
      discrepancy between in vivo and in vitro effects.

PMID- 3386244
TI  - Immunological differences between the estradiol-, tamoxifen- and 4-hydroxy
      tamoxifen-estrogen receptor complexes detected by two monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - Two monoclonal antibodies (D547 and H222), obtained against the estrogen receptor
      from MCF-7 breast cancer cells, were used to study the estrogen receptor from
      fetal guinea-pig uterus bound to estradiol or to the antiestrogens tamoxifen and
      4-hydroxytamoxifen. The estradiol-receptor complex binds partially to the
      monoclonal antibody D547, shifting its sedimentation coefficient in high salt
      sucrose density gradients from 4.5S to 7.5S. Recently, we demonstrated that the
      form selectively recognized by this monoclonal antibody is the activated form of
      the receptor. The estrogen receptor complexed with tamoxifen or 4
      hydroxytamoxifen is also partially recognized by this monoclonal antibody but the
      fraction of total receptor bound to the antibody is significantly less than for
      the receptor complexed with estradiol. Another series of experiments showed that
      the monoclonal antibody H222, which recognizes a different antigenic site on the
      receptor molecule, binds all the estradiol-receptor complex (independently of the
      degree of activation), shifting its sedimentation coefficient to 7.5S. However,
      even if all the 4-hydroxytamoxifen-receptor complex is bound by this antibody,
      only a fraction of the receptor is recognized when it is complexed with
      tamoxifen. These data show different interactions between the estradiol-,
      tamoxifen- and 4-hydroxytamoxifen-receptor complexes and the two monoclonal
      antibodies tested and suggest that these compounds induce different
      conformational modifications of the estrogen receptor molecule.

PMID- 3386245
TI  - ATP mediated receptor interconversion as a model of estrogen action: isolation of
      the factor which converts the non-estrogen binding form of the receptor to the
      lower affinity binding form.
AB  - Two steroid binding states of an estrogen receptor each with different
      equilibrium constants (Kd values) Rx (Kd = 0.06 nM) and Ry (Kd = 0.8 nM) have
      been identified and characterized in the hen and estrogen-stimulated chick
      oviduct. A third non-estrogen binding form of the receptor, designated Rnb, has
      also been identified. These three forms of the receptor are interconvertible and
      appear to have a common molecular weight of approx. 66,000 under denaturing
      conditions. Hydroxytamoxifen binds preferentially and with high affinity to Rx
      (Kd 0.03 nM) and the conversion of Rx to Ry which is mediated by gamma phosphoryl
      group of ATP is also inhibitable by hydroxytamoxifen. Thus receptor
      interconversion, which may have general application to hormone action,
      potentially explains agonist/antagonist activity. The conversion of the non
      estrogen binding form of the receptor (Rnb) to the lower affinity receptor (Ry)
      in chick oviduct cytosol is catalyzed by a reaction requiring the loss of the
      terminal phosphoryl moiety from ATP. There is a specific requirement for Mg2+. We
      now describe that ammonium sulfate fractionation of the cytosol allows the
      separation of the receptor entities from the "activating factor" (Fy) that
      catalyzes the conversion of Rnb to Ry. In the presence of gamma [32P]-ATP at 30
      degrees C the purified non-steroid binding form of the receptor is
      phosphorylated. Phosphoamino acid analysis using Partisil-10 SAX anion exchange
      resin demonstrates that a serine is phosphorylated; and quantitation of the
      phosphorylation is indicative of one phosphoserine/receptor molecule. Treatment
      of the receptor with the partially purified activating factor to induce estradiol
      binding causes a dramatic reduction in phosphorylation.

PMID- 3386246
TI  - Progesterone regulation of secretory component (SC): uterine SC response in organ
      culture following in vivo hormone treatment.
AB  - Sex steroid hormones are known to have profound effects on mucosal immunity. In
      the present study we evaluated the effects of progesterone on the uterine immune
      system by determining the changes in the levels of secretory component (SC)
      released from uterine tissues in culture following in vivo administration of
      progesterone to estradiol-stimulated ovariectomized rats. SC is a transport
      protein which moves IgA into external secretions such as intestinal and uterine
      secretions. SC release was determined by radioimmunoassay of the culture medium
      collected 24 h after introduction of uterine tissues into medium with or without
      cycloheximide. The net production of SC was reduced following progesterone
      administration. Reduction in SC levels followed a dose dependency and occurred
      irrespective of whether the progesterone was given before or during treatment
      with estradiol. These results support the hypothesis that progesterone plays a
      direct role in suppression of uterine SC production and release.

PMID- 3386247
TI  - Enhanced phosphorylation of progesterone receptor by protein kinase C in human
      breast cancer cells.
AB  - Affinity-isolated progesterone receptor (PR) from human breast cancer cells
      incubated with [32P]orthophosphate was shown to exist as a phosphoprotein.
      Exposure of the cells to 10 nM phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) for 10 min
      increased by 30-40% the amount of label incorporated into the 116-kDa receptor
      protein. A two-fold increase in the total number of steroid binding sites was
      also observed in cells receiving PMA treatment. This apparent unmasking of PR
      binding sites by phosphorylation probably involved conformational changes to
      existing receptor complexes and affected the eventual state of receptor
      dissociation or transformation. An increase primarily in the 8 S sedimenting
      molecular species was observed but PMA treatment also led to the appearance of a
      smaller, 2-3 S form of receptor (10% of total) that was not present in control
      samples. When cytosols were partially transformed in vitro by ATP and salt, all
      molecular species of receptor (8, 4, and 2-3 S) from the PMA-treated samples
      consistently migrated faster in sucrose gradients. The larger amount of 2-3 S
      receptor in PMA-treated samples disappeared when ATP, but not salt, was the
      transforming agent. These results suggest a major role for phosphorylating
      reactions in the receptor-mediated action of steroids by regulating hormone
      binding and influencing receptor transformation. Tumor promoters such as the
      phorbol esters may act by artificially increasing the level of processing of
      steroid receptor.

PMID- 3386248
TI  - Molybdate stabilized rat uterine progesterone receptors: evidence for two
      mechanisms.
AB  - Molybdate (Mo), EGTA, or protease inhibitors substantially increase detectable
      rat uterine progesterone (Pg) receptors. Rehomogenization experiments
      demonstrated that receptor levels decreased in the absence of Mo or protease
      inhibitors and were not regenerated. Thus Mo prevents an EGTA and protease
      inhibitor-sensitive loss of uterine Pg receptors during homogenization. This
      effect was compared with receptor stabilization at elevated temperature. In
      contrast to the stability of receptors in the presence of Mo, receptors decreased
      rapidly to minimal levels by 30 min at 30 degrees C in TESHG (10 mM Tris, 1.5 mM
      EGTA, 12 mM thioglycerol, 10% glycerol) or TG buffers. The ability of EGTA to
      mimic receptor stabilization by Mo during homogenization, compared with its
      ineffectiveness at 30 degrees C, suggested fundamentally different mechanisms for
      these two phenomena. Similarly, 0.3 M KCl prevented Mo stabilization of the
      receptors at 30 degrees C, but did not change their recovery after
      homogenization. Results with protease inhibitors were also consistent: addition
      of 2-5 mM leupeptin and 500 microM PMSF to TG during homogenization resulted in
      substantially increased (P less than 0.01) receptor recovery, but leupeptin (+/-
      the temperature-labile PMSF) did not prevent the Pg receptor losses at 30 degrees
      C. The transformation state of the receptors may be important, since receptors
      were untransformed in the presence of either EGTA or Mo. Moreover, KCl
      transformed the receptors in parallel to their instability at 30 degrees C. In
      conclusion, Mo stabilizes Pg receptors during temperature elevation by a
      different mechanism from that involved during homogenization. Although the
      parallel effects by EGTA, molybdate, and the protease-inhibitors during
      homogenization is consistent with inhibition of Ca2+-dependent proteolysis, other
      possible mechanisms must be considered in future studies.

PMID- 3386249
TI  - Purification and characterization of the untransformed androgen receptor in rat
      prostate.
AB  - The isolation and characterization of the untransformed form of androgen
      receptors has not yet been successful, owing to their inherent lability as well
      as to their ready proteolysis. In this study, we have stabilized rat prostate
      androgen receptors by sodium molybdate and by rapid filtration on
      phosphocellulose. Proteases were inhibited by bacitracin, aprotinin, leupeptin
      and PMSF. Under these conditions the untransformed complex was purified approx
      3000-fold, corresponding to 18% yield, by differential chromatography on DEAE
      cellulose and phosphocellulose gels. The partially purified receptor has the same
      ionic characteristics as the original untransformed receptor of crude cytosol; in
      addition, it possesses a Stokes' radius of 75 A, as determined by Sephacryl S-300
      gel filtration, a sedimentation coefficient of 8.8S, a calculated molecular
      weight of 275 kDa and a friction coefficient of 1.6. The [3H]R1881 receptor
      complex was specific to androgens since unlabelled R1881 and dihydrotestosterone
      were able to completely displace bound [3H]R1881, whereas estradiol, cortisol,
      and triamcinolone acetonide did not compete. The purified complex was a multimer
      dissociable by 0.6 M KCl, resulting in a form migrating in the 4S area on sucrose
      density gradient. After treatment with 0.5% formaldehyde, three forms were
      obtained, migrating in the areas of 8-9, 5-6 and 3-4S respectively, of a sucrose
      density gradient containing 0.6 M KCl. This is the first step towards the
      purification to homogeneity of the untransformed androgen receptor.

PMID- 3386250
TI  - Interaction of the antioestrogen ICI 164,384 with the oestrogen receptor.
AB  - The use of partially purified preparations of the human uterine oestrogen
      receptor has enabled, for the first time, a study of the binding of the
      steroidal, pure antioestrogen ICI 164,384 [N-n-butyl-11-(3,17 beta-dihydroxy
      oestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-7 alpha-yl)N-methyl-undecamide] to the oestrogen receptor.
      Scatchard analyses of the binding of [3H]oestradiol and [3H]ICI 164,384 to the
      receptor show that the equilibrium dissociation constants for the interactions of
      these ligands with the receptor at 0 degrees C are 0.44 and 0.69 nM respectively.
      The concentration of receptor binding sites for the agonist was 1986 fmol/mg
      protein whilst that for the antagonist was 1400 fmol/mg protein. The affinity of
      the antioestrogen-receptor complex for DNA-cellulose does not increase following
      exposure to conditions that transform the oestrogen-receptor complex.

PMID- 3386251
TI  - Relationship between glucocorticoid receptor steroid-binding capacity and
      association of the Mr 90,000 heat shock protein with the unliganded receptor.
AB  - Treatment of rat liver cytosol with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or sodium molybdate
      (MoO4(2-)) inhibits thermal inactivation of glucocorticoid receptor steroid
      binding capacity at 25 degrees C. Dithiothreitol (DTT) prevents the stabilization
      of receptors by H2O2. Heating (25 degrees C) of immune pellets formed by
      immunoadsorption of L-cell murine glucocorticoid receptor complexes to protein-A
      Sepharose with an anti-receptor monoclonal antibody (BuGR2) results in
      dissociation of the M 90,000 heat shock protein (hsp90) from the steroid binding
      protein. Such thermal-induced dissociation of hsp90 is inhibited by H2O2.
      Pretreatment of immunoadsorbed receptor complexes with the thiol derivatizing
      agent, methyl methanethiosulfonate (MMTS) prevents the ability of H2O2 to
      stabilize the hsp90-receptor interaction. These data suggest a role for hsp90 in
      maintaining an active steroid-binding conformation of the glucocorticoid
      receptor.

PMID- 3386252
TI  - Subunit composition of the molybdate-stabilized non-activated glucocorticoid
      receptor from rat liver.
AB  - A monoclonal IgG 2a antibody directed against the activated rat liver
      glucocorticoid receptor (GR) was used to prepare an immunoaffinity matrix of high
      capacity. The molybdate-stabilized GR from rat liver cytosol was immunoadsorbed
      on this gel. A non-hormone-binding protein of Mr approximately 90,000, as
      determined after denaturing gel electrophoresis, was eluted from this matrix
      following removal of molybdate and exposure to heat (25 degrees C) and salt (0.15
      M NaCl). Subsequently, the Mr approximately 90,000 protein was purified to
      homogeneity using high-performance ion-exchange chromatography, covalently
      radiolabelled, and analyzed by high-performance size-exclusion chromatography and
      sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation. Hydrodynamic characterization indicates
      that, under our experimental conditions, the molybdate-stabilized rat liver GR
      (Rs approximately 7.4 nm, s20,w approximately 9.1 S, calculated mol. wt Mr
      approximately 285,000) includes one steroid-binding unit (Rs approximately 5.5
      nm, S20,w approximately 4.3 S, calculated Mr approximately 100,000) and a dimer
      of Mr approximately 90,000 non-hormone-binding protein (Rs approximately 6.9 nm,
      S20,w approximately 6.1 S, calculated native Mr approximately 180,000).

PMID- 3386253
TI  - The dioxin receptor: a comparison with the glucocorticoid receptor.
AB  - The physico-chemical properties of the dioxin and glucocorticoid receptors from
      rat liver and wild-type and mutant cell lines were investigated and compared. In
      rat liver, the receptors are virtually indistinguishable. Both are highly
      asymmetrical proteins with axial ratios of 12-15, have Stokes radii of 6 nm and
      sedimentation coefficients of approximately 4 S. This results in a calculated
      apparent mol. wt of approximately 100,000. The dioxin receptor from the mouse
      hepatoma cell line Hepa 1c1c7 represents an atypical form of the dioxin receptor
      with a pronounced tendency to aggregate to form Mr approximately equal to 300,000
      complexes in high ionic strength and in the absence of sodium molybdate. In the
      presence of sulphydryl reducing agents, however, the Hepa 1c1c7 dioxin receptor
      dissociates to an Mr approximately 100,000 species. In analogy to the nt- mutant
      glucocorticoid receptor in mouse lymphoma cells, there is no gross change in the
      structure of the nt- dioxin mutant in mouse hepatoma cells compared with the wild
      type receptor. The nt- dioxin receptor does, however, have a reduced affinity for
      DNA.

PMID- 3386254
TI  - Application of high-performance ion-exchange chromatography to the analysis of
      cytosolic glucocorticoid receptor.
AB  - The use of high-performance ion-exchange chromatography (HPIEC) on a Mono Q
      column was investigated for the analysis of glucocorticoid receptor. In the
      presence of 10 mM sodium molybdate, both liganded and unliganded glucocorticoid
      receptor were eluted as a single and sharp peak (0.32 M NaCl). In the absence of
      molybdate and after exposure to heat and salt, another peak of specifically bound
      radioactivity was eluted with 0.08 M NaCl. When HPIEC was performed in the
      absence of molybdate, two molecular forms of the liganded receptor were detected
      which eluted with 0.08 M NaCl (Stokes' radius Rs = 5.1 nm, s20,w = 4.6 S,
      calculated mol. wt Mr approximately 100,000) and 0.32 M NaCl (Rs = 7.3 nm, S20,w
      = 9.0 S, calculated Mr approximately 280,000). Analysis of both forms with mini
      columns of DNA-Ultrogel, DEAE-Trisacryl and hydroxylapatite (HA-Ultrogel)
      confirmed the identity of the two peaks with transformed and non-transformed
      glucocorticoid-receptor complexes. These results suggest that HPIEC may provide a
      useful tool for the rapid resolution and quantification of receptor molecular
      forms.

PMID- 3386255
TI  - High-resolution anion exchange chromatography of the glucocorticoid receptor from
      WEHI-7 cells.
AB  - A simple refinement of the current methods of DEAE chromatography of steroid
      receptors has been developed which takes advantage of the characteristics of Fast
      Flow DEAE Sepharose (Pharmacia). The approach provides a convenient and
      inexpensive means to carry out high-resolution chromatography of the
      glucocorticoid receptor. Using this method, at least five separate species of
      receptor have been detected within the single so-called "low-salt" peak normally
      seen using the current methods of receptor anion exchange chromatography.

PMID- 3386256
TI  - Stimulation of specific transcription and DNA binding studies suggest that in
      vitro transformed RU 486-glucocorticosteroid receptor complexes display agonist
      activity.
AB  - The relative rate of ovalbumin transcription was significantly increased (P less
      than 0.001) when purified chick liver glucocorticosteroid receptor (GR) was
      incubated with purified nuclei prepared from the oviducts of diethylstilboestrol
      (DES)-primed chickens 24 h after oestrogen withdrawal. This increase was observed
      whether GR was bound by the agonist triamcinolone acetonide (TA, +80.3%) or the
      antiglucocorticosteroid RU 486 (+89.4%). No significant increase (P greater than
      0.05) in the relative rate of ovalbumin transcription occurred when oviduct
      nuclei were incubated with TA or RU 486 alone or when purified GR was incubated
      with chicken liver nuclei prepared from the same animals. However, glycerol
      gradient studies demonstrated that the sedimentation coefficient of purified TA-
      and RU 486-GR complexes was shifted from 8.5S to 4.4S upon incubation at 25
      degrees C for 30 min with purified nuclei. Furthermore, the binding of in vitro
      transformed (4S) TA- and RU 486-GR complexes to either DNA-cellulose or mouse
      mammary tumor virus (MMTV) long terminal repeat (LTR) DNA were indistinguishable
      when performed under steady-state conditions. These data showing an agonist
      behaviour of the transformed 4S-form of RU 486-GR complexes, together with those
      previously reported, suggest that in vivo the antagonistic activity of RU 486
      stands at the level of receptor transformation.

PMID- 3386257
TI  - Synthesis and receptor binding of polynuclear organometallic estradiol
      derivatives.
AB  - Twelve novel organometallic derivatives of estradiol were synthesized with the
      aim of utilizing organometallic cold bioprobes as radioisotopic labels
      substitutes for steroid hormone receptor assays. For this purpose, we envisaged
      the attachment of several stable cobalt, molybdenum, osmium carbonyl clusters
      (tetra- and pentanuclear species) at estradiol 17 alpha-, 16 alpha-, 2- or 4
      positions. The binding affinity of these new complexes for uterine estradiol
      receptor has been measured by the competitive binding method. The results show
      that the 17 alpha-position can tolerate substitution by bulky organometallic
      groups (especially in the case of cobalt and molybdenum carbonyl clusters).
      Estradiol derivatives which are functionalized at C-4 and C-16 alpha bind
      estradiol receptor with reasonable affinity and the RBA values are the same for
      the complexed and uncomplexed hormones. The 2- position is more sensitive to
      organometallic substitution and the complexation at the 2- alkyne results in a
      dramatic decrease of the RBA values. These results show that the attachment of
      polynuclear moieties in estradiol 17 alpha-, 4- and 16 alpha-, positions gives
      rise to compounds which are of potential utility in a new non-radioisotopic
      receptor assay since the metal-carbonyl markers are readily detected by high
      sensitivity Fourier-transform infra-red spectroscopy.

PMID- 3386258
TI  - The dioxin receptor: characterization of its DNA-binding properties.
AB  - The binding of the rat hepatic dioxin and glucocorticoid receptors to the
      polyanionic matrices heparin-Sepharose and DNA-cellulose in vitro and to cell
      nuclei in vivo was studied under various conditions. In a non-liganded and non
      activated state both receptors eluted from heparin-Sepharose at a low ionic
      strength and were not retained on DNA-cellulose. Following ligandation and
      activation in vitro both receptors showed an increased affinity for heparin
      Sepharose and were retained on DNA-cellulose. In analogy to these in vitro data,
      it was found that a high salt concentration (0.4 M KCl) was required to extract
      in vivo liganded dioxin receptor from purified nuclear preparations in contrast
      to that previously reported for non-liganded nuclear receptors. Limited
      proteolysis of both dioxin and glucocorticoid receptors resulted in molecular
      species of similar binding properties with regard to DNA-cellulose and heparin
      Sepharose. We conclude that, in addition to the dioxin and glucocorticoid
      receptors showing considerable similarities in their physicochemical properties,
      they may also share a similar structural organization with regard to functional
      domains.

PMID- 3386259
TI  - Estradiol-stimulated growth of MCF-7 tumors implanted in athymic mice: a model to
      study the tumoristatic action of tamoxifen.
AB  - Ovariectomized athymic (nude) mice were inoculated (10(7) cells) with the breast
      cancer cell line, MCF-7, into the axillary mammary fat pads. Tumors did not grow
      unless animals were implanted with a 1.7 mg estradiol sustained (8-week)-release
      cholesterol pellet. Co-implantation with tamoxifen (5 mg, 4-week release) caused
      an inhibition of estradiol-stimulated growth but did not cause tumor growth when
      implanted alone. The metabolism of [3H]tamoxifen was determined in the athymic
      mouse bearing MCF-7 tumors. Metabolites in the liver, uterus and tumor were
      determined by TLC. The principal metabolite in each of the tissues was 4
      hydroxytamoxifen (by comparison of Rfs with authentic standards). Studies with 4
      hydroxytamoxifen and N-desmethyltamoxifen (the principal metabolites in patients)
      showed that each was effective in inhibiting estradiol-stimulated tumor growth.
      However, tumor growth could be reactivated by treatment with estradiol alone. In
      a separate experiment, tumor-implanted animals were treated with tamoxifen for 1,
      2 and 6 months. Tamoxifen did not cause tumor growth. Nevertheless, tumor growth
      was reactivated by estradiol on each occasion. These studies confirm the
      tumoristatic actions of tamoxifen and strongly support the view that therapy must
      be given indefinitely to patients to control tumor recurrence. The athymic mouse
      model can be used in the future to determine the efficacy of novel antiestrogens
      and the development of antiestrogen drug resistance.

PMID- 3386260
TI  - A 46-kDa antigen associated with estrogen receptor in human breast cancer.
AB  - A 65-kDa estrogen receptor (ER) protein has been demonstrated both by sucrose
      gradient analysis and by immunoblot, using anti-ER monoclonal antibodies (MAbs).
      Since the ER is denatured in many experimental situations, such as formaldehyde
      fixing of samples for histochemistry and electroimmunoblotting studies, in this
      work we used a denatured 60-70-kDa ER-rich protein preparation as antigen for
      mice immunization in order to raise anti-ER MAbs. That material was obtained by
      affinity purification on an allyl-estradiol matrix of the MCF-7 cytosolic ER,
      followed by further isolation and enrichment by PAGE. NS-1 myeloma cells and
      spleen lymphocytes from the immunized mice were fused, and resultant hybridoma
      colonies were screened by [125I]-estradiol-labelled nuclear ER
      immunoprecipitation. The isolated MAb, E476, shows a moderate ability to
      precipitate ER and reacts strongly with a 46-kDa antigen in Western blot assay.
      The 46-kDa antigen was not detectable in native cytosol but became reactive after
      50% ammonium sulfate precipitation of cytosolic proteins. The 46-kDa antigen
      appeared concentrated in the NaSCN plus estradiol eluate of the affinity column
      used for cytosolic ER purification. Freshly prepared 60-70-kDa material from the
      preparative gel electrophoresis did not show any E476 reactivity. However, when
      the 60-70-kDa proteins were frozen, thawed and speed vacuum concentrated, the 46
      kDa antigen became detectable. Storage increased the reactivity of the 60-70-kDa
      material with the E476 MAb. The 46-kDa antigen was present only in the ER
      positive cell lines, and was absent in all negative cell lines tested. The 46-kDa
      protein is also present in the ER positive human breast cancer specimens. We
      conclude that the 46-kDa protein identified with the E476 MAb in human breast
      cancer is probably a naturally occurring ER fragment.

PMID- 3386261
TI  - Immunological similarities between microsomal, cytosolic and nuclear progesterone
      receptors in the chick oviduct.
AB  - Progesterone receptor of microsomal, cytosolic and nuclear fractions of the chick
      oviduct was studied by using biochemical, immunochemical and immunohistochemical
      analyses. In the oviducts of estrogen-treated immature chicks cytosolic,
      microsomal and nuclear PR were 90, 9.6 and 0.4% of the total binding,
      respectively, whereas the corresponding values 1 h after progesterone
      administration were 33, 6 and 61%, respectively. Progesterone decreased the
      cytosolic and microsomal PR 90 and 88%, respectively. All the receptor forms were
      similarly recognized by anti-PR-IgG raised against B-subunit of the PR. By using
      a sensitive immunoelectron microscopy in most cells of the oviduct only nuclear
      PR antigen was detected both in estrogen-treated and estrogen-progesterone
      treated chick oviductal cells. In most cells no PR was found in the cytoplasm nor
      in the microsomes. Occasionally in very few cells small amounts of PR were found,
      associated with rough endoplasmic reticulum close to the nucleus containing a
      high concentration of the PR. This is probably due to a nascent synthesis of the
      PR. It is concluded that the major part of the cytosolic as well as microsomal PR
      is due to a homogenization artefact caused by a redistribution of the unoccupied
      PR located in the nuclei in situ.

PMID- 3386262
TI  - Immunohistochemical analysis of estrogen receptors (ER) using formalin-fixed
      paraffin-embedded breast cancer tissue: correlation with clinical endocrine
      response.
AB  - A new immunohistochemical assay utilizing anti-ER monoclonal antibodies (H 222,
      Abbott) for detection of ER in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded breast cancer
      tissue has been clinically evaluated. It is shown that tumors containing
      immunoreactive epithelial cells are much better candidates for hormonal
      manipulation than those without. In addition, primary tumors and corresponding
      regional lymph node metastases contain qualitatively the same ER pattern. The
      potentials and limitations of the present method are discussed in relation to
      other well-known ER assays.

PMID- 3386263
TI  - In vitro effects of beta-interferon on steroid receptors and prostaglandin output
      in human endometrial adenocarcinoma.
AB  - The effect of natural beta-interferon (beta-IFN) on steroid receptor levels and
      output of prostaglandins (PGs) was investigated in human endometrial cancer. beta
      IFN determines in endometrial adenocarcinoma explants an increase of cytosolic
      estradiol (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptors at concentrations ranging from 10
      to 1000 IU/ml of culture medium. Only cases in which there was an enhancement of
      at least 50% with respect to control values were considered. Low concentrations
      of beta-IFN (10 IU/ml of culture medium) produce an enhancement of ER in 60% and
      of PR in 42% of cases, while higher concentrations of beta-IFN (1000 IU/ml of
      culture medium) produce an enhancement of ER in 32%, and of PR in 82% of cases.
      Since PGs are involved in proliferation control in a large variety of tumors, we
      evaluated the ratio between PGF2-alpha and PGE2 levels in culture medium. This
      ratio increased, in our experimental model, after treatment with 10 and 1000
      IU/ml of beta-IFN in 38% and 58% of cases respectively. Our data suggest that
      beta-IFN could affect cellular hormone sensitivity through a modification of ER
      and PR and it can also determine a variation of PG output in human endometrial
      cancer.

PMID- 3386264
TI  - Inhibition of the MtTF4 tumor growth by dexamethasone.
AB  - It is known that estradiol, but not progesterone or dihydrotestosterone, slows
      down the growth of the MtTF4 tumor. In the present paper, it is shown that: (1)
      this tumor contains glucocorticoid receptors, (2) its growth is also inhibited by
      treatment with dexamethasone (Dex), and (3) the growth rate of a cell line and
      several clones established from the tumor is negatively controlled by Dex 10(-7)
      M in culture medium containing 10% gelding serum. Unlike estradiol, Dex does not
      induce cell hypertrophy. This work suggests that the inhibition of the MtTF4
      tumor growth by Dex may be due in part to a direct action on tumor cells and,
      taking into consideration previous reports, it allows us to forward the
      hypothesis that both Dex and estradiol inhibit MtTF4 tumor growth in two
      different ways.

PMID- 3386265
TI  - Aromatase inhibition by the antifungal ketoconazole.
AB  - The aromatase inhibitory properties of the antifungal ketoconazole were compared
      with those of aminoglutethimide. In rat granulosa cells ketoconazole and
      aminoglutethimide showed IC50 values for aromatase inhibition of 2 X 10(-6) and 6
      X 10(-7) M respectively. In the rat, in vivo, ketoconazole was 5 times less
      potent than aminoglutethimide. In young women, 400 mg of ketoconazole only
      marginally lowered plasma levels of estradiol-17 beta. It is concluded that
      ketoconazole is not a compound of choice for clinical use as an aromatase
      inhibitor.

PMID- 3386266
TI  - 6-Methylenandrosta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione (FCE 24304): a new irreversible aromatase
      inhibitor.
AB  - FCE 24304 (6-methylenandrosta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione), a new irreversible aromatase
      inhibitor, has been identified and characterized in vitro and in vivo. The
      compound caused time-dependent inactivation of human placental aromatase with a
      t1/2 of 13.9 min and ki of 26 nM. When tested in PMSG-treated rats, ovarian
      aromatase activity was reduced 24 h after dosing by both the s.c. (ED50 1.8
      mg/kg) and the oral (ED50 3.7 mg/kg) routes. No interference with 5 alpha
      reductase activity nor any significant binding affinity for estrogen receptor was
      found. Slight binding affinity for the androgen receptor (RBA 0.2% of DHT) was
      observed.

PMID- 3386267
TI  - 5 alpha-DHT metabolism in monolayer cultures of distinct pituitary cell
      populations.
AB  - 5 alpha-Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) metabolism into 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17
      beta-diol (alpha-diol) and 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta, 17 beta-diol (beta-diol)
      was studied in monolayer cultures of distinct cell populations from prepubertal
      male rats pituitaries. Cells were characterized through immunocytochemistry with
      the various antihormone antisera. Centrifugal elutriation was used to prepare a
      gonadotrope-enriched population "G" and a gonadotrope-depleted population "L",
      containing most lactotropes and somatotropes. Using centrifugation on Percoll
      gradient, two sub-populations, P1 and P2, were prepared by further fractionation
      of the "L" population. Cells were incubated for 48 h with [3H]DHT (1 microM, sp.
      act. 0.9 Ci/mmol) and metabolites extracted from the whole cell and medium. DHT
      was metabolized to about the same extent (30-40%) in all cell fractions. Compared
      with unfractionated population, the conversion of DHT into alpha-diol increased
      significantly in the P1 fraction, consisting of lactotropes, somatotropes and
      highly depleted in gonadotropes. This increase was lower in the somatotrope
      enriched P2 fraction in which the amount of lactotropes was similar to P1 but
      that of gonadotropes slightly higher. In contrast, the conversion of DHT into
      alpha-diol decreased significantly in the "G" population compared with total or
      "L" fractions, whereas androstanedione formation, low in every population,
      increased significantly. The increase in alpha-diol formation could be related
      either to the decrease of gonadotropes or to a role of non-immunoreactive cells.
      As the beta-diol formation was constant in all cell types, the beta-diol/alpha
      diol amount increased significantly in gonadotropes. Then, beta-diol and DHT
      could be both active steroids in gonadotrope regulation inasmuch as specific
      binding sites were identified for these two steroids. It can be concluded that
      DHT action at the pituitary level is subject to complex control mechanisms
      involving a specific balance of its metabolites in each particular cell type.

PMID- 3386268
TI  - Dissociated estradiol (E2) action on the pituitary-testicular axis in a
      genetically hypoprolactinemic rat (IPL nude rat).
AB  - Prolactin (PRL) has been reported to be a possible mediator in the estradiol (E2)
      induced inhibition of the pituitary-testicular axis. In order to better
      characterize the role of PRL, we studied the action of chronic hypoprolactinemia
      on this E2 inhibitory effect, using a genetically hypoprolactinemic rat (IPL
      nude). Normal and IPL nude adult male rats were injected either with vehicle or
      with E2 valerianate (4 mg/rat) once a week for 2 weeks. Rats were decapitated 7
      days after the last injection. Results showed that E2 increased, similarly in
      both strains, pituitary weight and serum PRL levels. Serum testosterone values
      were reduced by 96% in both strains. However, testis weight was significantly
      reduced by 30% in normal rat, while in IPL nude rat, no significant decrease was
      observed. PRL binding sites, expressed as fmol/mg protein, were reduced in normal
      rat by 40%. No decrease was found in IPL nude rat. The dissociated E2 action
      observed in IPL nude rat suggested that only testicular growth inhibition could
      be mediated by PRL and confirm that testosterone level decrease could be due to a
      direct action of E2 on Leydig cells.

PMID- 3386269
TI  - A correlative study of RU38486 biopotency and competition with [3H]dexamethasone
      for receptors in the rat central nervous system.
AB  - Dexamethasone inhibitory action on the release of adrenocorticotrophin has been
      studied using in vitro anterior pituitary preparations. This inhibition is
      reversed when the animal is given the antiglucocorticoid compound RU38486
      simultaneously with dexamethasone. RU38486 acts at the receptor level and in the
      cytosolic binding study, it competes with [3H]dexamethasone for the binding sites
      in pituitary. Such competition is even more pronounced in hypothalamus and
      hippocampus, indicating that RU38486 also exert its antagonistic action at these
      sites.

PMID- 3386270
TI  - Corticosteroid receptor analyses in rat and hamster brains reveal species
      specificity in the type I and type II receptors.
AB  - In vitro cytosol binding, receptor autoradiography with radiolabelled
      corticosteroid analogs, and immunocytochemistry with monoclonal antibodies have
      revealed the presence of two receptor systems for corticosteroids in rat and
      hamster brains. The type I receptor is found mainly in the hippocampal region,
      and in the hamster it binds cortisol (F) and corticosterone (B) with similar
      affinity while in the rat (a species which unlike the hamster secretes solely B)
      the type I receptor shows high affinity to B and not to F. The type II receptor
      is more widely distributed in the brain and it binds to F (hamster) or B (rat)
      with affinity 4-6-fold lower than to the type I. in vivo, the hamster type I and
      II retain F much more than B while those in the rat show the opposite. In
      conclusion, the present study clearly indicates species-specificity in type I and
      type II receptor systems in these animals. Furthermore, the type I receptor
      displays in vivo stringent preference for retention of the animal's predominantly
      circulating corticosteroid (F in hamster, in B in rat).

PMID- 3386271
TI  - Investigation of the corticosteroid receptor system in rat hippocampus by ion
      exchange fast protein liquid chromatography.
AB  - In order to study the receptor system for adrenocortical steroids, hippocampal
      cytosolic preparations--containing both type I and type II receptors--were
      subjected to anion exchange fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC). With
      running buffer containing Tris, EDTA, and glycerol three peaks (1-3) were eluted
      from the column at 220, 400 and 560 mM NaCl respectively regardless of whether
      [3H]corticosterone or [3H]RU 28362 had been used as radiotracer. None of the
      peaks was caused by serum transcortin as revealed by control studies. However,
      the sequestering influence of transcortin on receptor binding of corticosterone
      could be demonstrated by the FPLC technique with mixtures containing serum and
      hippocampus cytosol. Competition experiments with cytosolic samples revealed that
      type I receptor was present only in peaks 2 and 3 while type II was found in all
      three peaks in variable amounts, depending on the presence of molybdate. When
      molybdate was added to the running buffer only two peaks (2 and 3) were eluted,
      both containing type I and type II receptors. Peak 1 was attributed to the
      activated type II receptor while peak 2 represented nonactivated receptors. The
      origin of peak 3 remains uncertain. The data indicate that molybdate must be
      present in the cytosolic preparation and in the running buffer to keep type II
      receptor in its nonactivated form. Type I receptor was probably not transformed
      into the activated form in the absence of molybdate but lost binding capacity
      and/or affinity for corticosterone.

PMID- 3386272
TI  - Influence of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis on the androgen regulation of the
      ocular secretory immune system.
AB  - The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the influence of the
      hypothalamic-pituitary axis on the androgen regulation of the ocular secretory
      immune system. Studies included the following experiments: (1) Testosterone
      administration significantly increased the immunoglobulin A (IgA) and free
      secretory component (SC) levels in tears of adult, orchiectomized and sham
      hypophysectomized rats, as compared with those in tears of saline-treated
      controls. (2) Hypophysectomy completely inhibited this androgen effect. (3)
      Transfer of the pituitary to under the kidney capsule in orchiectomized and
      hypophysectomized rats did not restore the physiological conditions required for
      testosterone's stimulation of tear IgA and SC. (4) Selective ablation of the
      anterior pituitary gland also interfered with the testosterone-induced elevation
      of tear IgA and SC content. (5) Treatment of orchiectomized and/or
      hypophysectomized rats with rat prolactin, growth hormone, alpha-melanocyte
      stimulating hormone or vehicle for 4 days had no effect on tear SC and/or IgA
      levels. Overall, these findings demonstrate that an intact hypothalamic-pituitary
      axis either supports or mediates the androgen control of the secretory immune
      system in the eye.

PMID- 3386273
TI  - Verapamil directly inhibits aldosterone synthesis by adrenal mitochondria in
      vitro.
AB  - The action of verapamil, a calcium channel blocker, on the last step of
      aldosterone biosynthesis (transformation of 18-hydroxycorticosterone into
      aldosterone) was studied using duck adrenal mitochondria in the absence of
      regulatory factors. Results show that 10(-5) M verapamil inhibits the
      transformation of 18-hydroxycorticosterone into aldosterone by 52.8%. Moreover,
      our findings show that verapamil induces only a slight inhibition of respiratory
      capacity without action on respiratory control and does not displace 18
      hydroxycorticosterone from cytochrome P450 11 beta which catalyses the reaction.
      Thus, this study does not explain the mechanism of inhibition induced by
      verapamil on the last step of aldosterone synthesis but it is of interest to
      note, for clinical use, that this inhibition is not linked to regulatory factors
      of aldosterone production. Since primary hyperaldosteronisms are characterized by
      their independence vis-a-vis regulatory factors, administration of verapamil may
      be particularly interesting for treatment of primary hyperaldosteronisms.

PMID- 3386274
TI  - Synthesis and activity of new inhibitors of aldosterone biosynthesis.
AB  - A new family of aldosterone biosynthesis inhibitors, designed as 18-mono
      oxygenase, cytochrome-P450-dependent, potential Kcat inhibitors, is described.
      These compounds are progesterone derivatives substituted at the 18-methyl group.
      Preliminary results on the in vitro biological evaluation of these modified
      progesterones are presented. Aldosterone biosynthesis is completely inhibited by
      18-vinyl progesterone 5 at a concentration of 0.8 microM and by 18-ethynyl
      progesterone 6 at 8 microM. It appears that products designed as alkylating
      agents for the prosthetic heme group are the most potent inhibitors in that
      series.

PMID- 3386275
TI  - Sex-steroid-sensitive stromal cells and oviduct differentiation.
AB  - The chick oviduct differentiates during sexual maturation before the age of 20
      weeks. In the present work we used immunohistochemistry to study sexual
      maturation associated progesterone receptor (PR) expression in the chick oviduct
      as an indication of progesterone sensitivity. Since the PR is estrogen inducible
      protein, its expression also reflects the effects of endogenous estrogens. Thus
      PR expression can be used as a marker for action and sensitivity of cells to
      these sex steroids. In the luminal epithelium and mesothelium (peritoneal
      epithelium) the PR was expressed in high concentrations from the time before
      hatching (the constitutive PR). The PR was not detectable in stromal cells of
      immature chicks. At the age of 7-10 weeks the PR was detected in submucosal but
      not in mucosal stromal cells (the inductive PR). The appearance of these PR
      expressing cells was associated with an increase in luminal epithelial cell
      proliferation. At the age of 14-16 weeks the mucosal plicae increased in height
      and the PR-expressing stromal cells were seen in the center of these mucosal
      plicae. There were also areas in the mucosal plicae where a large number of
      stromal cells expressing the PR were seen in the mucosal layer. Thereafter the
      size of the oviduct increased rapidly and the gland formation commenced. In the
      fully matured oviduct (over 18 weeks of age) virtually all stromal cells both in
      mucosa and submucosa expressed the PR. It is concluded that the PR expression in
      the luminal epithelium and mesothelium was constitutive (independent of sexual
      maturation). In stromal cells this was expressed during sexual maturation
      (probably induced by endogenous estrogen) and was associated with histological
      changes in the oviduct. We propose that direct effects of estrogen and
      progesterone in the oviduct growth and glandular formation are mediated through
      these stromal cells.

PMID- 3386276
TI  - Interaction between aldosterone and vasopressin on vascular smooth muscle
      permeability to sodium.
AB  - The s.c. injection of aldosterone (10 micrograms/kg) induces a release of
      vasopressin. The peak of plasma vasopressin level occurs at the same time as the
      late in vivo effect of aldosterone on passive 22Na efflux from arterial smooth
      muscle. These results indicate that vasopressin mediates the delayed in vivo
      effects of aldosterone on ouabain-insensitive 22Na efflux, since on the other
      hand, it has been possible to show that the action of the peptide is accelerated
      by a previous exposure to the mineralocorticoid. Indeed, after a 120-min
      pretreatment with 10(-8) M aldosterone, vasopressin induces an effect on 22Na
      efflux in 30 min, as opposed to the 120 min needed in the absence of the steroid.

PMID- 3386277
TI  - Thymic hormone containing cells--IX. Steroids in vitro modulate thymulin
      secretion by human and murine thymic epithelial cells.
AB  - We investigated the in vitro effects (kinetics and dose-response) of adrenal and
      sexual steroid hormones on the secretion of thymulin, a thymic hormone, by human
      thymic epithelial cells in primary cultures as well as in a rat epithelial cell
      line. We demonstrated that all steroids tested, in a range of physiological
      doses, stimulated thymulin production to various extents. Progesterone and
      estradiol, however, were revealed to be the most efficient. Specific steroid
      antagonists abrogated the steroid-induced stimulation of thymulin production.
      These findings confirm our previous in vivo results and demonstrate that steroid
      hormones can act directly on thymic epithelial cells to modulate their endocrine
      production.

PMID- 3386278
TI  - Adrenal androgen biosynthesis by a sesterpene pathway.
AB  - Rat and human adrenal gland preparations were incubated with radioactive
      cholesterol and 23,24-dinor-5-cholen-3 beta-ol, the latter being a proposed
      intermediate in the sesterterpene pathway for steroid biosynthesis. Steroids were
      isolated, purified by TLC and crystallised to constant specific activity. It was
      found that rat and human adrenal glands can utilise 23,24-dinor-5-cholen-3 beta
      ol to produce androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone. Also, it was found that
      the conversion of 23,24-dinor-5-cholen-3 beta-ol to androgens occurs in the
      microsomal fraction. It was concluded that the sesterterpene pathway for steroid
      biosynthesis can function in the rat and human adrenal glands to produce
      androgens and that the intermediates are converted to androgens in the microsomal
      fraction.

PMID- 3386279
TI  - Bioflavonoid interaction with rat uterine type II binding sites and cell growth
      inhibition.
AB  - Competition analysis with a number of known bioflavonoids demonstrated that these
      compounds (luteolin, quercetin, pelargonin) compete for [3H]estradiol binding to
      cytosol and nuclear type II sites in rat uterine preparations. The inhibition of
      [3H]estradiol binding to type II sites was specific and these bioflavonoids did
      not interact with the rat uterine estrogen receptor. Since estradiol stimulation
      of nuclear type II sites in the rat uterus is highly correlated with cellular
      hypertrophy and hyperplasia, we assessed the effects of these compounds on the
      growth of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells in culture and on estradiol stimulation
      of uterine growth in the immature rat. The data demonstrated that addition of
      quercetin (5-10 micrograms/ml) to MCF-7 cell cultures resulted in a dose
      dependent inhibition of cell growth (DNA/flask). This effect was reversible by
      removal of quercetin from the culture medium, or by the addition of 10 nM
      estradiol-17 beta to these cell cultures containing this bioflavonoid. Since
      estradiol-17 beta (10 nM) stimulated nuclear type II sites and proliferation of
      MCF-7 cells, we believe bioflavonoid inhibition of MCF-7 cell growth may be
      mediated through an interaction with nuclear type II sites. This hypothesis was
      confirmed by in vivo studies which demonstrated that injection of luteolin or
      quercetin blocked estradiol stimulation of nuclear type II sites in the immature
      rat uterus and this correlated with an inhibition of uterine growth (wet and dry
      weight). These studies suggest bioflavonoids, through an interaction with type II
      sites, may be involved in cell growth regulation.

PMID- 3386280
TI  - Plasminogen activators in human breast cancer cell lines: hormonal regulation and
      properties.
AB  - To understand the hormonal regulation of plasminogen activators (PAs) in human
      breast cancer, we have examined the hormonal regulation and properties of PAs in
      four human breast cancer cell lines that differ markedly in their estrogen
      receptor (ER) content: MCF-7 cells contain high levels of ER (approx 7 pmol/mg
      DNA) and their PA activity was increased 3-4-fold by physiological concentrations
      of estradiol; T47-D and ZR-75-1 cells contain lower levels of ER (0.9 and 2.1
      pmol/mg DNA respectively) and their PA activity was also increased 3-4-fold by
      estradiol. In contrast, MDA-MB-231 cells, which do not contain ER, showed a high
      level of PA activity that was not modulated by estradiol. SDS-PAGE followed by
      zymography indicated that MCF-7 cells secreted tissue-type PA (t-PA), T47-D and
      ZR-75-1 cells secreted urokinase-type PA (u-PA), and MDA-MB-231 cells secreted
      both types of PAs. The types of PAs secreted by these cell lines did not change
      upon treatment with estradiol. Dose-response curves for the stimulation of MCF-7
      PA activity by different estrogens showed an excellent correlation between
      affinities of the estrogens for ER and their potency in stimulating PA activity.
      With a clonal subline of MCF-7 cells, MCF-L, a soluble inhibitor of both t-PA and
      u-PA was secreted. Incubation of purified t-PA or u-PA with the serum-free
      conditioned medium from MCF-L cells resulted in a shift in the mobility of t-PA
      and u-PA in SDS-polyacrylamide gels to forms increased in molecular mass by about
      50,000-70,000. The shifts in molecular mass could be prevented by the presence of
      the competitive inhibitor p-aminobenzamidine, indicating that the active sites of
      the PAs were involved in the formation of these complexes. Furthermore, co
      cultivation, of RT4-D rat neuroblastoma cells, which exhibit high levels of t-PA
      activity, with MCF-L cells resulted in a marked decrease in the PA activity of
      the RT4-D cells. Our results were consistent with the following conclusions: t
      PA, u-PA or both were secreted by human breast cancer cells. In the ER-containing
      cell lines, depending upon the specific cell line, t-PA or u-PA was stimulated by
      estrogens. The unstimulated levels of PA activity and the magnitude of PA
      stimulation by estrogens were not closely related to ER content.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3386281
TI  - Steroid receptors, and the generation of closely coupled/biphasic dose-response
      curves.
AB  - In most steroid-modulated systems, responses are closely coupled to receptor
      occupancy, with half-maximal responses at Kd, and near-maximal at greater than or
      equal to 10 Kd. Though glucocorticoids have been reported to increase, and
      progesterone to lower, levels of various milk proteins, clear differences in
      glucocorticoid dose-response profiles have been previously described. In mouse
      mammary gland explants in vitro, Ono and Oka showed that casein synthesis was
      stimulated by cortisol to plateau levels with progressively higher doses; in
      contrast, the dose-response curve for alpha-lactalbumin (alpha-LA) was biphasic,
      with stimulation at low doses and a return to baseline at higher cortisol levels.
      Since cortisol is both non-physiologic in the mouse, and has higher affinity for
      Type I (mineralocorticoid-like) than Type II (glucocorticoid) receptors, this
      might reflect an induction of alpha-LA synthesis via Type I receptor occupancy,
      and a suppression via Type II receptor occupancy. To examine this possibility we
      have used highly selective Type II receptor ligands, and in addition have defined
      the role of progestins as candidate inhibitors of alpha-LA synthesis. We have
      thus incubated mid-pregnant rat mammary gland explants in medium including
      insulin and prolactin, with increasing concentrations of highly specific Type II
      ligand (RU26988 or RU28362) and/or the selective progestin ORG 2058, and
      determined tissue and medium content of alpha-LA 48 h later. RU26988/RU28362
      increased alpha-LA to a maximum of 3-6-fold basal at approximately 3 nM, well
      below the Kd (37 degrees C) for Type II receptors (8-28 nM); levels fell
      progressively with increasing concentration of ligand, returning to baseline by
      30-300 nM. ORG 2058 lowered both basal and RU26988-stimulated levels, with the
      half-maximally effective dose being approximately 10(-10) M, again well below Kd
      for receptor binding. To accommodate the observed biphasic dose-response curve
      for highly specific glucocorticoids, and the shift-to-the-left for both classes
      of effector, we have proposed a model of a single "turn-on" nuclear acceptor site
      for glucocorticoid receptors (glucocorticoid regulatory element: GRE) and
      multiple, pre-emptive "turn-off" GREs, occupancy of any one of which will
      abrogate transcription; for progestins, we propose that all the GRE are alternate
      "turn-off" sites. Consistent with such a hypothesis, Qasba and Safaya have shown
      that the alpha-LA genome contains six core consensus sequences (TGT TCCT) which
      are putative GRE, and von der Ahe et al. that both progesterone receptors and
      glucocorticoid receptors may bind to GRE sites.

PMID- 3386283
TI  - A nurse's testimony for the living will.

PMID- 3386282
TI  - Actions of oestrogens and antioestrogens on rat mammary gland development:
      relevance to breast cancer prevention.
AB  - The proliferative actions of a series of antioestrogens on the development of the
      second thoracic mammary gland of ovariectomized immature Sprague-Dawley rats have
      been investigated. Evidence is presented that shows trans-tamoxifen, LY 117018
      and LY 139481, like oestradiol-17 beta and cis-tamoxifen, promote full mammary
      gland ductal development and induce a high rate of cell proliferation in the
      undifferentiated epithelial cells of the terminal end buds, the main growth
      region for ductal growth. Conversely, ICI 164,384, a new antioestrogen, is
      without effect on ductal elongation. In vivo exposure of trans-tamoxifen and LY
      117018 treated glands in medically castrated animals to the carcinogen DMBA,
      results in a high rate of mammary tumour development. Indeed, the actions of
      these so-called antioestrogens are equivalent to those observed in oestradiol
      treated rats.

PMID- 3386284
TI  - Nurses oppose American Medical Association's proposal: AMA's proposal.

PMID- 3386285
TI  - Nursing: politics and power.

PMID- 3386286
TI  - Survival, functional status, and reoperations after repair of tetralogy of Fallot
      with pulmonary atresia.
AB  - DATA: Among 139 patients who underwent repair of tetralogy with pulmonary
      atresia, survival rates at 1 month and at 1, 5, 10, and 20 years were 85%, 82%,
      76%, 69%, and 58%, respectively. The hazard function (instantaneous risk of
      dying) was greatest immediately after operation and declined thereafter, but a
      low constant hazard persisted for as long as the patients were followed up.
      Multivariately, the postrepair ratio between peak right ventricular and left
      ventricular pressures measured in the operating room provided the most
      information relative to the probability of death after repair, and
      cardiopulmonary bypass time the next. When morphologic abnormalities of the
      pulmonary circulation were considered in the multivariate analysis for risk
      factors for death, the size of the pulmonary arteries provided the most
      information, followed by the number of large aortopulmonary collateral arteries.
      The postrepair peak right ventricular/left ventricular pressure ratio was lower
      the day after operation than in the operating room in 65% of the patients in whom
      the measurements were made. Recurrent or residual ventricular septal defects
      necessitating rerepair occurred in four patients (3% of hospital survivors). Most
      surviving patients were in New York Heart Association class I at the time of
      follow-up. INFERENCES: Early, intermediate, and long-term survival is less good
      after repair of tetralogy with pulmonary atresia than after repair of tetralogy
      with pulmonary stenosis. This is related primarily to the greater prevalence of
      high peak right ventricular/left ventricular pressure ratio measured in the
      operating room in the former group. Both the postrepair peak right
      ventricular/left ventricular pressure ratio in the operating room and the
      probability of death are inversely related to the size of the pulmonary arteries
      and directly to the number of large aortopulmonary collateral arteries. This and
      inferences from other risk factors may be helpful in achieving better results in
      the future.

PMID- 3386287
TI  - Reparative approach for right-sided endocarditis. Operative considerations and
      results of valvuloplasty.
AB  - From 1981 to 1986, 12 patients were operated on for right-sided endocarditis
      after the failure of initial medical treatment (five staphylococcal, three
      streptococcal, two fungal, one gram-negative, and one mixed organism). The
      sources of infection were intravenous drugs in six patients, central catheters in
      two, and malformations in four. Preoperatively, 10 of 12 (83%) of these patients
      were in class III or IV. Reparative or reconstructive approaches, including
      valvuloplasty, were attempted for all these right-sided endocarditis lesions and
      were hemodynamically effective in 10 of 12 (83%) patients. The low right-sided
      intracardiac pressures and the three-leaflet configuration (one pulmonary and
      nine tricuspid valves) have lent themselves to this approach. Extensive annular
      invasion and multileaflet infections were technical limitations in the remaining
      patients. The overall outcome was favorable during the mean follow-up period of
      25 months (hospital mortality 1/12, 8.3%; late death 1/11, 9%). Reparative or
      reconstructive approaches for right-sided infective endocarditis should be
      considered and can be successfully achieved. Their advantages include (1)
      improved hemodynamics, (2) low recurrence, and (3) favorable long-term results
      without staged or simultaneous prosthetic valve replacement.

PMID- 3386288
TI  - Stratified application of the automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator.
AB  - Since June 1983 we have developed a stratified regimen for staged implantation of
      the automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator system. The protocol for
      management in patients who have fully recovered from sudden cardiac death is
      initiated with the use of standard electrophysiologic evaluation. Treatment in
      order of application has consisted of drugs followed by implantation of the
      device for patients with drug-refractory arrhythmias in whom direct cardiac
      surgical intervention for anatomic substrates for sudden death are absent. In
      surgical candidates, combinations of coronary revascularization and ablative
      therapy have been used to mitigrate the potential for lethal arrhythmia. Sensing
      and defibrillator lead systems have been placed at corrective operations to be
      followed later by implantation of the cardioverter defibrillator generator for
      either inducible or spontaneous tachyarrhythmia. This staged application has been
      effective in markedly reducing actual sudden cardiac death while at the same time
      saving on unnecessary device implantation. Morbidity of lead implantation alone
      remains a concern, particularly for infective complications. Additional follow-up
      is required to assess the validity of this approach.

PMID- 3386289
TI  - Early and late healing responses of normal canine artery to excimer laser
      irradiation.
AB  - Acute in vitro histologic studies have shown that the pulsed xenon chloride
      excimer laser causes precise microablation without the surrounding thermal tissue
      injury associated with frequently used continuous-wave lasers such as the argon,
      carbon dioxide, and neodymium:yttrium aluminum garnet lasers. However, the in
      vivo healing response of artery wall to excimer laser injury is not known.
      Accordingly, a xenon chloride excimer laser (308 nm, 40 nsec pulse width, 39
      mJ/mm2/pulse) was transmitted via a 600 micron fused silica fiber to create 420
      craters of varying depths (30 to 270 micron) in 21 normal canine femoral and
      carotid arteries. At 2 hours, 2 days, 10 days, and 42 days after excimer laser
      ablation, the artery segments were perfusion fixed in situ and analyzed by light,
      scanning, and transmission electron microscopy. At 2 hours, craters were covered
      by a carpet of platelets and entrapped red blood cells. Fibrin and exposed
      collagen fibers were seen at the crater base. There was a sharp demarcation of
      the crater-artery wall interface without lateral laser tissue injury. At 2 days,
      adherent platelets persisted with thrombus covering the base of the craters.
      Early healing responses were present, consisting of polymorphonucleated
      leukocytes and new endothelial cells, which extended over the crater rims. At 10
      days, no thrombi were seen, and healing continued with almost complete
      reendothelialization. Macrophages, fibroblasts, fibrin, and entrapped red blood
      cells were present below the reendothelialized surface. At 42 days, healing was
      complete with obliteration of the craters by fibrointimal ingrowth. The surface
      was completely covered by a smooth monolayer of axially aligned endothelial
      cells. There were no aneurysms or surface hyperplastic responses. These favorable
      healing responses in normal canine arteries suggest that pulsed lasers with high
      tissue absorption coefficients, such as the xenon chloride excimer laser, may be
      suitable energy sources for clinical laser angioplasty procedures. However,
      further studies in atherosclerotic animals are required before human clinical
      responses can be accurately predicted.

PMID- 3386290
TI  - An outbreak of Pseudomonas cepacia bacteremia associated with a contaminated
      intra-aortic balloon pump.
AB  - In January 1983, symptomatic Pseudomonas cepacia bacteremia developed in two
      patients in the cardiothoracic intensive care unit within 3 days after cardiac
      operation and insertion of an intra-aortic balloon pump. An epidemiologic and
      microbiologic investigation revealed that both patients required intra-aortic
      balloon pumping for circulatory support and that the water reservoir of the intra
      aortic balloon pump (SMEC, Inc., Cookeville, Tenn.) contained more than 10(5)
      Pseudomonas cepacia per milliliter. This organism was also recovered from the
      purge button and on-off switch of the pump and from the hands of a health care
      worker who manipulated the water reservoir of the intra-aortic balloon pump.
      Agarose gel electrophoresis of lysates of Pseudomonas cepacia with rapid methods
      of deoxyribonucleic acid preparation revealed three identical plasmids of the
      Pseudomonas cepacia from the water reservoir of the intra-aortic balloon pump and
      from the infected patients. Transmission from the worker's hands to patients
      presumably occurred by inoculation of the intravascular lines during management.
      No additional cases of Pseudomonas cepacia bacteremia were observed after the
      unit was replaced with a nonwater reservior intra-aortic balloon pump. This
      report substantiates the ability of Pseudomonas cepacia to multiply in water and
      to cause epidemic bacteremia, identifies the water reservoir of the SMEC intra
      aortic balloon pump as a previously unrecognized hazard for the patient requiring
      intra-aortic balloon pumping, and documents the value of plasmid analysis in
      elucidating the mode of transmission of nosocomial Pseudomonas cepacia
      infections.

PMID- 3386291
TI  - The role of computed tomography scanning in the initial assessment and the follow
      up of malignant pleural mesothelioma.
AB  - Between October 1983 and April 1987, 20 patients with malignant mesothelioma
      underwent computed tomography scans of the chest and upper abdomen to evaluate
      the extent of disease before treatment. Twelve of these 20 patients deemed to
      have some potential for long-term survival had scans performed every 3 months
      after operation to help detect recurrent disease. Anatomic correlation of
      computed tomography scan findings was available in all 20 patients. The
      limitations of computed tomography in initial evaluation were its difficulties in
      assessing (1) chest wall involvement (nine patients), (2) mediastinal lymph nodes
      (four patients), (3) transdiaphragmatic extension of tumor (four patients), and
      (4) peritoneal studding and solid organ metastases less than 2 mm in size (one
      patient). Computed tomography was helpful in detecting recurrent disease in the
      12 patients having long-term follow-up. In six of eight cases with histologically
      proved recurrence, computed tomography detected tumors from 1 to 8 months before
      the onset of signs or symptoms. Although computed tomography is known to provide
      far more information about the extent of disease than plain radiographs, it
      remains an imperfect tool for the staging of disease in patients with malignant
      mesothelioma. Despite its limitations, computed tomography is probably the most
      accurate way to provide follow-up for patients during treatment.

PMID- 3386292
TI  - Percutaneous balloon mitral valvotomy for patients with mitral stenosis. Analysis
      of factors influencing early results.
AB  - Percutaneous balloon mitral valvotomy has recently been developed as an
      alternative to surgical commissurotomy for patients with rheumatic mitral
      stenosis. We analyzed our initial experience with 60 consecutive procedures
      performed in 49 patients over 1 1/2 years and identified factors influencing the
      immediate hemodynamic results. For the total patient population, the mitral valve
      area increased after percutaneous mitral valvotomy from 0.8 +/- 0.04 to 1.6 +/-
      0.11 cm2 (p less than 0.001). Mean diastolic mitral gradient fell from 18 +/- 1
      to 7 +/- 0.4 mm Hg (p less than 0.001), and cardiac output increased from 3.8 +/-
      0.2 to 4.5 +/- 0.2 L/min (p less than 0.01). Although percutaneous mitral
      valvotomy resulted in an increase in mitral valve area in each patient, a
      suboptimal result, as defined by a postprocedure mitral valve area of 1.0 cm2 or
      less, an increase in area of 25% or less, or a final mitral gradient of 10 mm Hg
      or more occurred in 21 of the 60 procedures (35%). Multivariate analysis of 16
      variables was performed to determine which factors might predict this result.
      Patients with a suboptimal result were more likely to have severe valve leaflet
      thickening or immobility and an extreme degree of subvalvular thickening and
      calcification on echocardiogram. Other factors that predicted a suboptimal result
      were a smaller effective balloon dilating area and the presence of atrial
      fibrillation. Thus optimal immediate hemodynamic results can be obtained in the
      majority of patients undergoing percutaneous mitral valvotomy. Optimal results
      may be expected in patients in normal sinus rhythm, with pliable mitral leaflets,
      and with no severe subvalvular disease identified by echocardiography, who
      undergo dilation with large effective balloon dilating areas.

PMID- 3386293
TI  - Pulmonary vascular dynamics after percutaneous mitral valvotomy.
AB  - Hemodynamic studies were performed immediately before, within 1/2 hour, and every
      8 hours for 24 hours after percutaneous mitral valvotomy in 22 patients with
      severe mitral stenosis and pulmonary hypertension. The mean pressure in the left
      atrium decreased from 27 +/- 2 mm Hg to 14 +/- 1 mm Hg (p less than 0.01)
      immediately after successful valvotomy. There was no significant further drop in
      left atrial pressure (or pulmonary capillary wedge pressure) over 24 hours. Mean
      cardiac output increased from 3.9 +/- 0.3 L/min to 4.6 +/- 0.3 L/min immediately
      after successful valvotomy (p less than 0.01). Cardiac output continued to rise
      for the next 8 hours and plateaued during the 24-hour period of observation.
      Pulmonary vascular resistance dropped immediately after the relief of mitral
      valve obstruction in all patients. In the group of patients who had elevated
      pulmonary vascular resistance after valvotomy, resistance continued to drop
      significantly (p less than 0.05) over the next 24 hours. In some cases it did not
      fall to normal levels despite adequate relief of mitral stenosis.

PMID- 3386294
TI  - Follow-up of survivors of mechanical circulatory support.
AB  - Improvements in mechanical support for profound circulatory collapse have
      resulted in increasing survival of these critically ill patients. Since 1980, 27
      patients aged 3 days to 69 years (mean 34.9 years) who required mechanical
      circulatory assistance have been followed up after discharge from the hospital.
      The refractory cardiogenic shock necessitating mechanical support occurred
      postoperatively in 22 patients (coronary artery bypass in nine, valve replacement
      in four, correction of congenital heart defects in nine) and with end-stage
      cardiomyopathy in five. Fourteen patients were supported with a Pierce-Donachy
      ventricular assist device (left ventricular assist in seven, right ventricular
      assist in three, both in four); nine were supported with extracorporeal membrane
      oxygenation, two with a Medtronic centrifugal left ventricular assist pump, one
      with biventricular Biomedicus pumps, and one with a Novacor left ventricular
      assist system. The duration of support ranged from 8 hours to 91 days with a mean
      of 3.5 days in patients supported for postoperative shock. Major complications
      occurred in 18 patients (67%), including bleeding that necessitated operative
      exploration in 14, serious infection in five, renal failure in two, and stroke in
      two. The five patients with cardiomyopathy underwent cardiac transplantation. The
      remaining 22 patients who had postoperative cardiogenic shock were weaned from
      support. There have been four late deaths: two cardiac related at 6 months and
      two of cancer at 46 and 53 months (one patient was in New York Heart Association
      class I and the other in class II before death). The remaining 23 survivors have
      been followed up for 3 to 79 months (mean 29 months) and at last examination 17
      (74%) were in class I, two (9%) were in class II, three (13%) were in class III,
      and one (4%) was in class IV. Eight patients are employed full time, three are
      retired, four attend school, three are in preschool, one is a housewife, and one
      is unemployed but free of symptoms. Only four patients have significant cardiac
      disability, and one of these still works. In conclusion, mechanical circulatory
      assistance allows adequate support to permit satisfactory long-term survival in
      patients with refractory cardiogenic shock.

PMID- 3386295
TI  - Enhanced myocardial preservation by nicotinic acid, an antilipolytic compound.
      Improved cardiac performance after hypothermic cardioplegic arrest.
AB  - The effect of nicotinic acid, an antilipolytic drug, on myocardial preservation
      was studied on the basis of cardiac performance after 2 hours of cardioplegic
      arrest. Isolated in situ pig hearts were subjected to 120 minutes of hypothermic
      potassium (35 mEq) crystalloid cardioplegic arrest followed by 60 minutes of
      reperfusion. The experimental group received nicotinic acid 0.08 mmol/L 15
      minutes before cardioplegic arrest, whereas the control group received 15 minutes
      of unmodified perfusion. There was a marked decline in myocardial creatine
      phosphate levels during cardioplegic arrest in both groups that returned to the
      baseline level during reperfusion without a significant intergroup difference,
      and adenosine triphosphate levels remained stable throughout the experiment in
      both groups. Myocardial oxygen consumption during reperfusion was significantly
      higher in hearts treated with nicotinic acid, which was consistent with a
      significantly greater cardiac contractile force as evaluated by isovolumetric
      left ventricular pressure measurements. There appeared to be less cardiac
      membrane damage as measured by creatine kinase release during reperfusion, which
      was significantly inhibited by treatment with nicotinic acid. The present study
      supports the conclusion that nicotinic acid improves cardiac performance after
      hypothermic cardioplegic arrest.

PMID- 3386296
TI  - Real-time measurement of tricuspid valve annular area for annuloplasty.
      Experimental study.
AB  - We used real-time measurement of the tricuspid valve annular area in anesthetized
      dogs to study the optimal size of the annular area for annuloplasty. During
      control conditions, the maximum tricuspid annular area appeared at the onset of
      ventricular systole. The minimum tricuspid annular area appeared between the
      ventricular isovolumic relaxation phase and the early ventricular filling phase.
      The maximum annular area varied in seven dogs between 2.18 and 3.10 cm2, and the
      minimum annular area ranged between 1.68 and 2.45 cm2. In regular sinus rhythm
      (heart rates 97 to 120 beats/min), the maximal decreases in tricuspid annular
      area during one cardiac cycle ranged from 14.3% to 23.6% of the maximum size.
      When the tricuspid annular area after the annuloplasty was kept larger than the
      minimum area that was observed during the cardiac cycle in the control study,
      cardiac output and right atrial pressure remained unchanged, as a result of
      unobstructed ventricular filling. On the other hand, when the annular area was
      reduced to smaller than the minimum area seen in the control study, a decrease in
      cardiac output and an elevation of right atrial pressure ensued. These findings
      suggest that the tricuspid annular area can be safely decreased by annuloplasty
      to the minimum area seen in the control study without causing a reduction of
      cardiac output or an elevation of right atrial pressure.

PMID- 3386297
TI  - A new reconstructive operation for Ebstein's anomaly of the tricuspid valve.
AB  - Ebstein's anomaly is a complex malformation involving the tricuspid valve and the
      right ventricle. Various surgical techniques, either repair or replacement of the
      abnormal tricuspid valve, have been used with variable results. In an attempt to
      enlarge the indications of conservative procedures, we developed a technique of
      repair that comprises the reconstruction of a normally shaped right ventricle and
      the repositioning of the tricuspid valve at the normal level. In a series of 14
      patients operated on between January 1980 and December 1986 in our institution,
      only one patient with an associated atrioventricular septal defect required a
      tricuspid valve replacement. All of the other patients, regardless of the
      complexity of the tricuspid malformation, were able to benefit from this
      conservative technique. There were two hospital deaths and no late deaths in this
      series. All surviving patients displayed a marked improvement over their
      preoperative status with regard to functional class (92% are in class I or II)
      and rhythm disturbances. Echocardiographic and Doppler studies demonstrated a
      normal shape of the right ventricle and good tricuspid valve function in all the
      patients but one.

PMID- 3386298
TI  - Quantitative analysis of axonal branching using the retrograde transport of
      fluorescent latex microspheres.
AB  - A method is described for the quantitative analysis of double retrograde labelled
      neuronal cell bodies following labelling of branched axonal projections. This
      exploits the known ability of retrograde translocator proteins to transport latex
      microspheres following their uptake at nerve terminals. Conditions necessary for
      uptake and transport include small bead diameter (0.05-micron) and carboxylation
      of the latex particle. Using coumarin- and rhodamine-labelled microspheres a
      reliable, sensitive, rapid method has been developed, which results in double
      retrograde cell labelling in branched axonal pathways from the frontal cortex,
      basal forebrain, and brainstem. The technique has several advantages over
      currently available double retrograde labelling methods and yields repeatable
      quantitative estimates of populations of neurones bearing branched axons.

PMID- 3386299
TI  - The evaluation of quantitative autoradiogram processing systems for
      cerebrovascular research.
AB  - The development of an image processing system for quantitative autoradiography
      (QAR) is described, with emphasis on the evaluation of image digitization systems
      independent of hardware or software design. Each step of converting the
      autoradiographic image to a functional image of a physiological variable such as
      local cerebral blood flow (LCBF) or local cerebral glucose utilization rate
      (LCGU) is evaluated. The autoradiograms are digitized, aligned, transformed to a
      tissue tracer concentrations image based on the gray value (GV) of calibrated 14C
      standards, subtracted from each other as required in double tracer QAR, and
      converted to an LCBF or LCGU image using the proper tracer kinetic model.
      Geometric size, mean and standard deviation of the LCBF, LCGU, and tracer
      concentration can be measured in regions of interest. These steps are evaluated
      separately for their contribution to the accuracy and precision of the final,
      functional image. The qualities important in the final image are spatial
      resolution, intensity linearity, and intensity sensitivity, as well as the noise
      level. Techniques for evaluating the LCBF image include: (1) optimization of the
      input linearity and dynamic range of the video camera to maximize relative
      intensity sensitivity of the final functional image; (2) visual inspection of the
      curves used to fit various functions that are important in the conversion of the
      GV image to an image of physiological interest; (3) consideration of the noise
      introduced by the input devices and during the image conversion; and (4) above
      all, the integration of the various parts of the system to produce an accurate
      image useful in cerebrovascular research.

PMID- 3386300
TI  - An investigation of experimental conditions for studying protein phosphorylation
      in micro-slices of rat brain by two-dimensional electrophoresis.
AB  - Procedures are described for studying protein phosphorylation in 1 mm diameter
      micro-slices of rat brain tissue using two-dimensional electrophoresis as
      analytical tool. The activity of several protein phosphorylating systems,
      including a major system phosphorylating a 40 kDa substrate complex, was highly
      dependent on the procedures used for micro-slice preparation and on the Ca2+
      content of the preparation medium. Under optimal conditions the pattern of
      phosphorylation observed in micro-slices closely resembled that obtained by in
      vivo labelling.

PMID- 3386301
TI  - Direct recording of total catecholamine secretion from the adrenal gland in
      response to splanchnic nerve stimulation in rats.
AB  - A new method for the continuous recording of catecholamine (CA) secretion from
      the adrenal gland in rats in response to splanchnic nerve stimulation was
      developed. The method consists of in situ perfusion of the adrenal gland and
      direct continuous recording of released total CA by an electrochemical detector
      (ECD). Splanchnic nerve stimulation evoked current responses in a stimulus
      frequency dependent manner. The amounts of total CA released was linearly related
      to peak amplitude and to the total integrated output current for various current
      responses, indicating that the ECD current response in this system represents a
      highly reliable parameter of the secretory process in the adrenal gland. This
      system has the advantage of directly and continuously monitoring total CA
      secretion from the adrenal gland in situ.

PMID- 3386302
TI  - Computergraphic modeling and analysis II: three-dimensional reconstruction and
      interactive analysis.
AB  - The analysis of human motion can be advanced by analyzing motion not only
      numerically, but also graphically. A new system is presented for the
      computergraphic analysis of human motion in three-dimensional space. The system
      allows the three-dimensional reconstruction, visualization, manipulation, and
      graphic editing of digitized movement trajectories. An entire sequence of the
      positions of the arm in three-dimensional space can be displayed simultaneously,
      or the actual motion can be recreated in real time. Along with the reconstruction
      of the spatial path, the temporal characteristics of the movement can be
      concurrently displayed. Graphic procedures for interactively examining couplings
      between spatial and temporal aspects of trajectories were developed. Finally,
      based on digitized trajectories, stimuli can be generated and sequenced in real
      time for studies of the perception of motion. In conjunction with new methods of
      three-dimensional movement tracking, the computergraphic methods presented here
      offer new approaches to the analysis of human movement and its underlying neural
      control.

PMID- 3386303
TI  - A wide concentration range olfactometer for delivery of short reproducible odor
      pulses.
AB  - A multistage dynamic flow dilution olfactometer allowing the delivery of
      precisely controlled stimuli over a wide concentration range is presented.
      Discrete concentration values, in the range 10(-6) to 5.6 X 10(-2) of the
      saturated vapor of an odorous compound, are obtained from two original
      concentration by combining 4 dilution stages. Short stimulus pulses, of a known
      and reproducible concentration and with short rising and falling times, are
      sampled from steady concentration levels. A programmable controller manages the
      olfactometer dilution stage selection, the odor stimulus switch and starts the
      peripheral devices required by the experiment. The programming of olfactometer
      function makes it an extremely flexible system for various experimental projects
      in olfaction.

PMID- 3386304
TI  - Measurement of DC and AC spectral sensitivities of retinal horizontal cells by
      "voltage clamp by light".
AB  - The method of "voltage clamp by light" was applied to measure spectral
      sensitivities of second-order visual neurons, namely L- and R/G-type horizontal
      cells in the carp retina. The present equipment employs (i) a ceramic
      photomodulator to facilitate a fast servomechanical control of retinal
      illuminance, (ii) an electronic circuit to compensate for the synaptic
      transmission delay, and (iii) a manual selection switch for the system to operate
      on negative feedback for either depolarizing or hyperpolarizing responses to
      light. These features allowed us to determine quickly and simultaneously both DC
      and AC spectral sensitivities, although the AC case was examined only at 1 Hz in
      this report. In L-type cells, the AC spectral sensitivity was similar in shape to
      the DC result. These sensitivity curves differed from microphotospectrometric
      absorption of red-sensitive cones: in L-type cells at both ends of the visible
      spectrum and in R/G units with deep-red light.

PMID- 3386305
TI  - The automated measurement of hindlimb flexor reflex of the rat as a substitute
      for the tail-flick assay.
AB  - A new method for the study of stimulation-produced analgesia is introduced. The
      hindlimb flexor EMG, in response to noxious electrical stimulation of the paw, is
      used as an indirect index of analgesia induced by electrical stimulation at
      different brain sites. In the lightly anesthetized rat (pentobarbital 10-20
      mg/kg/h) such responses are quite stable and easily evoked at intertrial
      intervals as short as 10 s without habituation. The high repetition rate allows a
      rapid determination of the threshold current intensities or the brain stimuli
      required to suppress the hindlimb withdrawal. The test is objective, avoids skin
      damage and sensitization and can be performed semi-automatically when implemented
      with a small PC.

PMID- 3386306
TI  - Isolated constant-current stimulation circuits for neuroscience applications.
AB  - A group of mains-powered circuits is described for constant-current stimulation
      of neuronal tissue. The circuits are linear in form and can be used for sine
      wave, ramp, or pulse stimulation. Both quasi-isolated and fully-isolated circuits
      are described.

PMID- 3386307
TI  - ANA guidelines on withdrawing or withholding food and fluid.

PMID- 3386308
TI  - Long-term follow-up of persons attending a community-based smoking-cessation
      program.
AB  - The long-term effectiveness of a smoking-cessation program based on education,
      behavior modification, and group support was evaluated. Because of the
      availability of long-term follow-up data, the natural history of cessation of
      smoking in persons who had attended a smoking-cessation program could be studied.
      At 1 year, the permanent rate of cessation of smoking was 22%, and permanent
      cessation continued to occur at least through 6 years of follow-up. Factors
      related to a higher rate of cessation of smoking were a white-collar occupation,
      having previously stopped smoking for more than 1 month or more than 1 year,
      being male, and wanting to stop smoking because of health concerns. In the
      absence of an almost complete return of questionnaires, sole reliance on mailed
      self-reports would have substantially overestimated the smoking-cessation rates.
      Although smoking-cessation programs alone involve relatively few smokers,
      analysis of the methods used in programs such as the one described continues to
      be important for the development of successful efforts to help people stop
      smoking.

PMID- 3386309
TI  - A community blood pressure survey: Rochester, Minnesota, 1986.
AB  - To determine the prevalence and control of hypertension in the adult population
      of Rochester, Minnesota, a blood pressure survey was conducted among a stratified
      random sample of 2,122 subjects 35 years of age or older. Hypertension--defined
      as a history of hypertension or a systolic pressure of 160 mm Hg or more, a
      diastolic pressure of 95 mm Hg or more, or both at the time of interview--was
      found in 663 subjects (31%). Among these hypertensive subjects, 82 (12%) had no
      prior history of hypertension. Of the 581 subjects with a history of
      hypertension, 447 (77%) were taking antihypertensive medication, 127 (22%) had a
      systolic pressure of 160 mm Hg or more, a diastolic pressure of 95 mm Hg or more,
      or both, and 288 (50%) had a systolic pressure of 140 mm Hg or more, a diastolic
      pressure of 90 mm Hg or more, or both. Of the treated patients with hypertension,
      75% were taking a diuretic either alone or in combination with one or more other
      agents. Side effects of therapy were reported by 12% of subjects taking
      antihypertensive medication.

PMID- 3386310
TI  - A population-based model for predicting blood pressure.
AB  - Multiple regression analysis were used to investigate the relationship between
      blood pressure and age, sex, relative weight, antihypertensive medication,
      diabetes mellitus, diet (low-salt, low-cholesterol, and weight-reducing
      regimens), cigarette smoking, coffee drinking, and aerobic exercise among a
      stratified random sample of the population of Rochester, Minnesota, 35 years of
      age or older. Age, sex, relative weight, antihypertensive medication, and
      cigarette smoking were significantly correlated with blood pressure and were
      incorporated in regression models of systolic and diastolic pressure. These
      models were used to predict average (geometric mean) blood pressure values for
      the adult population of Rochester and to predict age-, sex-, and relative weight
      specific blood pressure percentiles.

PMID- 3386311
TI  - The penetrating aortic ulcer: pathologic manifestations, diagnosis, and
      management.
AB  - The term "penetrating aortic ulcer" refers to an ulceration of an atheromatous
      plaque that extends deeply through the intima and into the aortic media. It may
      precipitate an intramedial dissection (usually localized) or may rupture into the
      adventitia to form a pseudoaneurysm. The typical patient with penetrating
      atheromatous aortic ulcer is elderly and has hypertension, atherosclerosis, and
      back or chest pain, but pulse deficit, stroke, aortic insufficiency, and
      compromise of a visceral vessel are not present. Classic aortic dissection and
      symptomatic thoracic aortic aneurysms are among possibilities in the differential
      diagnosis. Aortography demonstrates the presence of an aortic ulcer similar in
      appearance to gastric ulcers seen on barium examination; in addition, an
      intramural aortic hematoma may be present. Our experience with penetrating aortic
      ulcers in symptomatic patients indicates that conservative medical therapy leads
      to recurrence of symptoms and a need for surgical intervention. We present a case
      that illustrates the salient features of this distinct clinical entity.

PMID- 3386312
TI  - Transesophageal Doppler echocardiography.

PMID- 3386313
TI  - Cessation of smoking and the social milieu.

PMID- 3386314
TI  - [Familial colonic polyposis. Early diagnosis of the fundus oculi].

PMID- 3386315
TI  - [The Guadalajara study (2): Results after a course in diabetologic education for
      family physicians from primary care centers].

PMID- 3386316
TI  - [The fundus oculi and non-ocular disorders].

PMID- 3386317
TI  - [Coxiella burnetti pericarditis. An exceptional disease].

PMID- 3386318
TI  - [Solitary thyroid nodules and antecedent neck irradiation].

PMID- 3386319
TI  - [Haemophilus parainfluenzae bacteremia and sphenoidal sinusitis].

PMID- 3386320
TI  - [Sepsis caused by gastroenteritis Salmonellae].

PMID- 3386321
TI  - Modelling endemic onchocerciasis in man in the presence of vector controls.
AB  - A stochastic model for a parasitic disease is proposed which describes the
      acquisition of infectious material from an external source and the subsequent
      deterioration of the host reacting to the internally produced parasite. The model
      considers the endemic situation, where the disease is uncontrolled and the
      structure is both hierarchical and irreversible. The resulting compartmental
      model can be modified to incorporate piecewise-constant migration rates to
      respond to possible geographical and sociological fluctuations, which could
      affect the epidemiological dynamics. The model is illustrated using
      onchocerciasis prevalence data collected from nine West African village
      communities in 1975 and 1981, before and after the implementation of widespread
      larvacide controls as part of the O.C.P. in the Upper Volta region. Significance
      of the sex effects within onchocerciasis transmission is investigated and the
      effectiveness of controls is discussed.

PMID- 3386322
TI  - On random sectioning of geometrically-similar bodies for morphological
      applications.
AB  - In 1962 Weibel and Gomez published their method for estimating quantities such as
      the number and volume of identical biological structures by raising to the three
      halves power the mean of areas measured from random cross-sections. Subsequently,
      Knight, Weibel and Gomez (1963), modified the formula for use when the bodies
      were not of the same size but remained geometrically similar. This present paper
      uses computer simulation to investigate the efficiencies of eight unbiased
      estimators for the volume of a sphere and shows that the WG formula is inferior
      to one based on the mean cube of transected lengths. Analysis further shows that
      the KWG expression cannot properly be used with varying body-size but may be
      recast to give Wicksell's (1925) formulation, involving the mean square of the
      intersected length divided by its harmonic mean. A Monte Carlo investigation for
      spheres with normally-distributed radii shows that, though now biased, the
      optimum formula for the constant size situation continues giving generally better
      results than the unbiased but less efficient Wicksell formula provided that the
      coefficient of variation is less than about 10%. A formula to estimate this
      coefficient is given. The results suggest the desirability of computer simulation
      before undertaking actual experiments.

PMID- 3386323
TI  - Design of hospital database systems in a non-relational environment.
AB  - The lack of an appropriate, widely accepted, design procedure for use with non
      relational database management systems has been a major, common problem in many
      efforts to develop an integrated hospital database. The availability of such a
      design procedure is particularly important today since the majority of the
      database management systems currently in use are non-relational. A database
      design procedure is proposed which should assist with the design of optimal non
      relational hospital database systems. The proposed design procedure is separated
      into two distinct steps: the development of an appropriate intermediate
      relational database structure and the subsequent development of an equivalent non
      relational one. A set of rules is given for the move from the proposed
      intermediate relational to the equivalent non-relational structure. An example
      application from the hospital environment is also included in order to better
      demonstrate the process.

PMID- 3386324
TI  - Design and use of medical record databases.
AB  - Computers have been introduced to many hospitals in Japan to enhance hospital
      administrative facilities and clinical laboratory. More recent introduction of
      computers, however, has aimed at improvement of the quality of medical services.
      So, it is highly important how to design and how to use the medical record
      database. The present status of medical record database systems in hospitals in
      Japan is described. From experience with the planning and use of the system at
      Fukui Medical School Hospital, the important points and problems in the design of
      database and file structure, and the ways to accumulate the code the data and
      their usage are discussed.

PMID- 3386325
TI  - Development of the rabbit model for studying the effects of propranolol on
      cardiac contractility: relationship of intravenous pharmacodynamics and
      pharmacokinetics.
AB  - The New Zealand white rabbit (3-4 kg) was chosen as an experimental model to
      determine the effects of propranolol, by intravenous bolus administration, on
      cardiac contractility. The cardiovascular effects were measured by systolic time
      interval recordings for up to 8 h. The study was performed on two groups of
      animals with 5 rabbits receiving active drug and another 5 rabbits receiving
      saline placebo. All animals were anesthetized by parenteral administration of
      urethane/acepromazine. The results indicated that at 15 min after intravenous
      administration, propranolol caused a maximum decrease in heart rate (p less than
      0.01), as well as a maximum increase in QS2 (p less than 0.01), LVET (p less than
      0.01), PEP (p less than 0.01) and PEP/LVET (p less than 0.05). Approximately 90
      min after drug administration, a significant (p less than 0.01) "rebound
      phenomenon" was observed in the active group which continued throughout the 8-h
      observation period. This preliminary study suggests that the rabbit is a useful
      animal model to study the effects of propranolol on cardiac contractility.

PMID- 3386326
TI  - Transdermal absorption and topical bioavailability of coumarin.
AB  - Coumarin was administered I.V., P.O. and topically to male Sprague-Dawley rats.
      The concentration-time profile after I.V. administration could be best described
      by an open-two compartment model. After P.O. administration the fraction of drug
      absorbed was 0.21 +/- 0.08 (S.D.). 1 g of hydrophilic ointment (U.S.P. XIX)
      containing 5% w/w of coumarin was applied on the shaven back skin. When the area
      of application was 4.91 cm2 the drug was absorbed in a zero-order fashion. The
      fraction of administered drug absorbed in 6 h was 0.086 +/- 0.02 (S.D.).
      Increasing the area of application to 30.0 cm2 resulted in deviation from the
      zero-order absorption characteristic. This is attributed to decrease in the
      concentration gradient as more drug is absorbed and to the change in formulation
      characteristics as a function of time. The fraction of drug absorbed in 24 h was
      0.66 +/- 0.21 (S.D.).

PMID- 3386327
TI  - Effects of administration route on pharmacokinetics of aspirin in the rabbit.
AB  - The absorption of aspirin used in the form of lysine acetylsalicylate was studied
      in the rabbit. Each animal received the drug by three routes: intravenous,
      gastric and duodenal. Plasma concentrations of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and
      salicylic acid (SA) were compared. ASA plasma concentrations obtained after
      gastric or duodenal administration were low compared to those after intravenous
      injection. Concentrations were 2 to 5 times higher after gastric than duodenal
      administration. SA plasma concentrations were lower at the beginning of the
      experiment for gastric than for duodenal administration; after 90 min the
      concentrations were similar. A better absorption of aspirin (as lysine
      acetylsalicylate) after administration occurred in the stomach than in the
      duodenum, but the amount of ASA which reached the central compartment was quite
      poor.

PMID- 3386328
TI  - The effect of flunitrazepam on acoustic reflex--a methodological pilot study.
AB  - Four healthy volunteers took part in this study in four sessions at one week
      intervals minimum. Three intravenous dose levels of flunitrazepam as well as
      placebo (saline) were investigated. The sessions were randomized and the study
      was double blind. The results show that a significant correlation exists between
      the serum concentrations of flunitrazepam and acoustic reflex amplitude, latency,
      Maddox wing readings and subjective sedation. Critical flicker fusion frequency
      test was insensitive in this respect. We conclude that acoustic reflex may be a
      new method for determination of benzodiazepine effects in man.

PMID- 3386329
TI  - Non-cholinergic, non-adrenergic tonic component of the electrically-evoked
      contractions of guinea pig ileum.
AB  - Contractile responses of the longitudinal muscle layer of guinea pig ileum to 40
      sec electrical field stimulation (0.8 msec, 20 V) applied at frequencies of 5 Hz
      or 30 Hz consisted in a fast phasic contraction followed by a low-amplitude tonic
      component. Atropin (3 microM) and prazosine (1 microM) decreased significantly
      the amplitude of the phasic contraction and had less influence on the tonic
      component. SC 19220 (50 microM) additionally lowered both the fast and the tonic
      contractions, the inhibitory effect being more pronounced on the tonic component.
      It is suggested that prostaglandins released during electrical stimulation could
      be involved in the non-cholinergic, non-adrenergic tonic component of the
      contractile responses.

PMID- 3386330
TI  - Use of alveolar macrophages in antianoxic drug studies.
AB  - Alveolar macrophages are able to adapt their energy metabolism to very difficult
      survival conditions. Gaseous phase culture is adaptable to alveolar macrophages
      because it reproduces in vitro conditions very similar to in vivo conditions. It
      is easy to modify the incubation gas composition for hypoxia and anaerobiosis.
      Metabolic changes and cell injury were evaluated in three studies carried out
      after 24 hr of gaseous phase culture in normoxia and in anaerobiosis with a
      possible treatment with 0.01 microgram/ml vincamine: 1) ATP content assay by
      bioluminescence, the witness of cell vitality which decreases significantly in
      anaerobiosis; 2) Lactate assay which shows the metabolism derivation towards the
      anaerobic pathways; and 3) Tritiated deoxyglucose (DOG) incorporation, which
      shows glucose requirements after hypoxic incubation, maintaining or recovering a
      certain level of energetic activity. This incorporation greatly increases after
      anaerobic culture. Vincamine has no activity in normoxia. The three parameters
      are not significantly different from control, but in anaerobiosis, vincamine
      reveals an interesting protective effect. ATP content decreases under treatment
      and DOG incorporation increases. This demonstrates that vincamine is able to
      maintain cell metabolic activity for a longer period of time after the beginning
      of hypoxic trial. Cells can better use their energy storage and the metabolic
      pathways which enable them to restore themselves, thanks to vincamine treatment.
      It has been shown that cell membrane integrity was preserved by tests using
      cytochalasin B. DOG was not incorporated by cells treated with cytochalasin B
      after 24 hr of anaerobic culture and normally incorporated by control
      cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3386331
TI  - Effect of some anesthetics on memory and exploration.
AB  - A light ether anesthesia in laboratory mice resulted in the complete drop of
      their memory retrieval to zero for more than three days after the administration.
      On the contrary, mice that underwent the exploration test after the light ether
      anesthesia performed as expected, confirming that impairment of memory does not
      necessarily reflect on exploratory performance. The effect of some anesthetic
      drugs was then studied on memory retrieval and exploratory behavior. Within this
      general framework, the anesthetics here studied all worsen memory retrieval,
      however without inducing clear and long-lasting amnesic effect comparable to that
      exerted by ether anesthesia. Contrarily, the classically amnesic drug
      scopolamine, orally administered, enhances memory retrieval and improves
      exploration.

PMID- 3386332
TI  - Human platelet serotonin content: methodological aspects and physiological
      variations.
AB  - Platelet serotonin (5-HT) content was determined from platelet rich plasma (PRP)
      of volunteers using high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with
      electrochemical detection following platelet lysis by perchloric acid. Several
      methodological and physiological aspects were studied. Blood collection with
      either EDTA or ACD-C anticoagulation gave identical results and blood storage at
      room temperature for at least two hours did not affect platelet 5-HT content,
      which allowed blood transfer to the laboratory. Deproteinized samples could be
      stored at either +4 degrees C for 48 hours or -80 degrees C for several weeks
      before HPLC determination. The partial degradation of 5-HT during storage was
      proportional to that of an internal standard at +4 degrees C or at -80 degrees C,
      but not at -20 degrees C. Comparison of platelet 5-HT content and serum 5-HT
      levels using the same HPLC method showed a good correlation although the absolute
      values differed. The mean platelet 5-HT content in healthy subjects aged 20-60
      years was 0.364 + 0.093 nmol/10(+8) platelets (x + SD, n = 88). Men had slightly
      less platelet 5-HT than women and platelet 5-HT content was found to be lower in
      women over 60 years of age. This may come partly from hormonal suppression since
      platelet 5-HT contents were found to be positively correlated to plasma estrogen
      concentrations in a group of peri- and postmenopausal women.

PMID- 3386333
TI  - Effect of diosmin upon red blood cell deformability and osmotic fragility.
      Relationship with lipid content.
AB  - Rats were treated by ingesting forcibly 2 ml of a suspension of four different
      doses (100, 200, 300 and 400 mg/kg) of diosmin in carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)
      and were killed immediately or after 3 or 6 hours of fasting. Animals treated by
      CMC only in a similar way (gavage) exhibited a fall in red blood cell (RBC)
      membrane cholesterol and an increase in RBC rigidity at the third hour while
      osmotic fragility remained stable. Diosmin treatment opposed the rise in RBC
      rigidity evoked by the gavage and induced a dose-dependent decrease of the RBC
      membrane cholesterol over phospholipid ratio.

PMID- 3386334
TI  - Anticonvulsive effect of 2-hydroxylamine-5-ethyl-5-sec-pentyl barbituric acid (HB
      7) in two experimental models of epilepsy.
AB  - The effects of barbiturate HB-7 (2-hydroxylamine-5-ethyl-5-sec-pentylbarbituric
      acid) injected intraperitoneally compared to the effects of pentobarbital and/or
      phenobarbital were investigated in three series of experiments on cats: normal
      electrocorticogram (ECoG); pentylentetrazol-induced generalized paroxysmal ECoG;
      and paroxysmal ECoG activity induced by topical application of penicillin on the
      exposed cortical surface. In the first series, HB-7 led to the appearance of ECoG
      spindles of the same type as those elicited by pentobarbital. In the second
      series (pentylentetrazol-treated group), HB-7 increased the two thresholds: one
      associated with the appearance of isolated paroxysmal spike-wave complexes and
      the other corresponding to the appearance of generalized paroxysmal ECoG
      activity. In the third series, HB-7 led to an inhibition of penicillin spikes,
      both in the focus itself and in the other cortical areas where they propagated.
      The possibility for using HB-7 as an antiepileptic drug was discussed.

PMID- 3386335
TI  - Platelet antiaggregatory effect of triflusal in human whole blood.
AB  - An in vitro and ex vivo study has been made to determine the inhibition of
      platelet aggregation in human whole blood (WB) and platelet rich plasma by
      triflusal and its main metabolite HTB (2-hydroxy-4-trifluoromethylbenzoic acid).
      Triflusal was administered orally at 300 mg x 2/day, for 15 days, to 13 healthy
      volunteers (ex vivo tests). Triflusal and HTB, at concentrations lower than 1 mM,
      produced a significant inhibition of platelet aggregation induced by ADP (2.5
      microM, final) and collagen (1 microgram/ml, final) in PRP, while about 50%
      inhibition was induced in WB samples at 0.12 mM. Ex vivo studies also revealed a
      stronger inhibitory effect of triflusal in WB samples against several inducers;
      differences were particularly pronounced against ADP (10.6 times more potent in
      WB). These results suggest an important role of red blood cells and/or leukocytes
      in the mechanism of action of triflusal. The antiplatelet effect of triflusal in
      WB was modified when incubated with HTB at therapeutic concentrations. The IC50
      value against collagen increased from 82 to 140 microM with 37.5 microM HTB, but
      decreased in a dose-dependent manner when incubated with higher concentrations of
      HTB, suggesting that inhibition of platelet cyclooxygenase by HTB masks its
      negative interaction with triflusal.

PMID- 3386336
TI  - [Every 10th women has autonomic and vaginal problems 17 years after menopause].

PMID- 3386337
TI  - [Biopsy of the temporal arteries--is it an adequate examination?].

PMID- 3386339
TI  - [The management of sleep disorders--recommendations of an expert group].

PMID- 3386338
TI  - [Prevention of vascular graft infections].

PMID- 3386340
TI  - [7000 participate in the Stockholm conference on AIDS. All the many facets in the
      disease picture. Both drugs and vaccines are to come in the future. Interview by
      Bo Lennholm].

PMID- 3386341
TI  - [Optimism about a vaccine against HIV. Strong immune response obtained by the
      Swedish technic. Interview by Bo Lennholm].

PMID- 3386342
TI  - [A non-invasive 24-hour registration of blood pressure improves the care of
      patients with hypertension].

PMID- 3386343
TI  - [Cyclophosphamide ex juvantibus in obscure inflammatory disease].

PMID- 3386344
TI  - [Malaria and HIV prevention in WHO's "little gem"].

PMID- 3386345
TI  - [New possibilities in the ultrasonic examination of the heart. Color-coded flow
      mapping and transesophageal echocardiography].

PMID- 3386346
TI  - [Oral cavity changes in HIV infection].

PMID- 3386347
TI  - [The dentist's role in the care of HIV-positive patients and patients with AIDS].

PMID- 3386348
TI  - [Gonorrhea in children--a sexually transmitted disease].

PMID- 3386349
TI  - [Psychology--an important discipline in the medicine of the future].

PMID- 3386350
TI  - [HIV/AIDS in Scandinavia].

PMID- 3386351
TI  - [Prostatic cancer--early diagnosis can lower mortality].

PMID- 3386352
TI  - [The use of psychopharmaca among the elderly is becoming more widespread even
      among the institutionalized].

PMID- 3386353
TI  - [Twice as many fragility fractures in the elderly since 1950's].

PMID- 3386354
TI  - [A well-defined model is necessary in the evaluation of rehabilitation].

PMID- 3386355
TI  - [Symposium of the Swedish Medical Society: HIV infection in pregnant women and
      their children].

PMID- 3386356
TI  - [Additional millions added to Swedish HIV/AIDS research should reduce the
      increase in AIDS epidemiology].

PMID- 3386357
TI  - [Astra research on an antiviral agent against AIDS is offered gratis to those
      seriously interested].

PMID- 3386358
TI  - [Vascular surgery or amputation in critical extremity ischemia?].

PMID- 3386359
TI  - [Long-term prognosis after treatment of various endocrine diseases].

PMID- 3386360
TI  - [Cancer alarm--a reason for needless fear or important preventive measure?].

PMID- 3386361
TI  - [Fate of patients with intermittent ischemia not treated surgically?].

PMID- 3386362
TI  - [Development of tolerance in nitrate therapy--a practical clinical problem].

PMID- 3386363
TI  - [Kwashiorkor--a malnutrition condition not only among children in developing
      countries].

PMID- 3386364
TI  - [Treatment of hypofibrinogenemia during labor].

PMID- 3386365
TI  - [The roof of the anterior ethmoid: a locus minoris resistentiae in the skull
      base].
AB  - Because of its special anatomic features, the roof of the anterior ethmoid is a
      preferred area for frontobasal fractures as well as an area of hazard during
      ethmoid surgery. As clinical experience proves, the most critical area for
      lesions to occur is the vicinity of the anterior ethmoidal artery, especially
      where this leaves the dome of the ethmoid medially to reach the ethmoidal sulcus
      in the olfactory fossa. Complete ethmoidal specimen were investigated by the
      means of serial histological sections in the frontal plane. 40 anterior ethmoidal
      arteries were anatomically prepared and the special features of their topography
      like connection with the dura, fixation of the dura to the bone of the skull base
      and the variations of the thickness of the surrounding bony wall studied with
      regard to their surgical relevance. Not the dome of the ethmoidal roof proves to
      be the most critical point for lesions to occur, but the area where the anterior
      ethmoidal artery leaves the ethmoid medially, to enter the olfactory fossa. Here,
      the bone is tenfold thinner than at the very roof of the ethmoid.

PMID- 3386366
TI  - [Stimulation of endogenous defense in cancer patients].
AB  - A group of 45 patients with carcinoma of the larynx who had already been treated
      were given a sterile dialysate extracted from the sperm of trout to stimulate
      their endogenous defence mechanisms. Previous research had shown that specially
      prepared pre-metastatic lymph nodes injected intracutaneously prolonged the
      average survival time of cancer patients. Similar results could be obtained by
      using fish extracts. The dermoreaction after the intracutaneous injection showed
      the patients' susceptibility to stimulation. The patients who reacted positively
      lived longer than the ones who reacted negatively and those of a homogeneous
      control group of the same size who were not vaccinated. Survival times and
      absence of recidivity were significantly longer in patients with supraglottic
      tumours, stage III.

PMID- 3386367
TI  - [Oncogenes in squamous epithelial cancers in the area of the head and neck].
AB  - Proto-oncogenes are a part of the genetic code of each human cell.
      Physiologically they code special enzymes, membrane receptors and growth factors
      which are necessary for cell growth and function. Alterations in these genes like
      amplification, rearrangements, mutations or chromosomal translocation appeared to
      be implicated in the induction of neoplasms. So these genes were called
      "oncogenes". Recent work has shown that increased expression of the c-myc
      oncogene in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the head and neck is related to
      advanced SCC stages (TNM). We examined more than fourty human SCC of the head and
      neck with Southern blot analysis for c-myc amplification and rearrangement. Our
      preliminary results indicate that c-myc amplification is correlated with advanced
      tumour stages and highly aggressive tumour behaviour. Patients with c-myc
      amplification (15%) all show regional lymph node metastasis. No rearrangement has
      been seen. Further studies must confirm our results and examine whether c-myc
      amplification is correlated with the biological characteristics of SCC of the
      head and neck.

PMID- 3386368
TI  - [Sudden deafness and its therapy. Clinical study of 548 cases].
AB  - Analysis of 548 cases of sudden deafness shows impressively the importance of an
      infusion therapy with drugs improving the circulation which should be started as
      soon as possible. The greatest success could be made in the deep frequencies,
      whereas in the high frequencies the results were lower by nearly 8 decibels.
      Patients with sudden deafness on both sides or recurrent sudden deafness showed
      significantly less improvement of hearing than patients with first-time sudden
      deafness on one side. Remarkable is the continuous growth of sudden deafness in
      the low frequencies only, a phenomenon which was rarely seen one generation ago.
      Can this be interpreted as a change in the pattern of sudden deafness?

PMID- 3386369
TI  - [Personal experiences with tympanoscopy in sudden deafness].
AB  - The rupture of the round window membrane with consecutive perilymph fistula has
      gained in importance in the discussion of the pathogenesis of sudden hearing
      loss. In a retrospective study, the results of 23 tympanoscopies performed at the
      ENT Department of the University of Hamburg are reported. Two confirmed perilymph
      fistulas were seen, whereas in three cases they could not be excluded. After
      obliteration of the window niches with connective tissue an improvement of the
      hearing loss was seen in 9 cases. In comparison with our intraoperative findings,
      the number of perilymphatic fistulas mentioned in literature often seems very
      high. Nevertheless, tympanoscopy and obliteration of the window niches have their
      definite place in the therapeutic concept of sudden hearing loss, although the
      indication must be severely restricted.

PMID- 3386370
TI  - [Effect of the stimulus medium--water or air--in thermal evaluation of the
      vestibular apparatus].
AB  - The influence of the stimulus medium in thermal vestibular tests has been
      investigated by many authors, comparing nystagmus reactions after air and water
      irrigations. We first measured temperature changes in the ear canal and in the
      horizontal semicircular canal after both kinds of stimuli, using human temporal
      bone preparations, which were placed in a water bath of 37 degrees C. Irrigations
      were done with air of 45 and 27 degrees C with a flow of 5 l/min during 45 s and
      with 100 ml water of 44 and 30 degrees C during 30 s. The maximum temperature
      changes in the ear canal are almost equal after both kinds of irrigation (see
      Figs. 2 and 3). The change of temperature, however, lasts longer after water
      irrigation. The time constants are 20 and 57 s for the decay after warm and cold
      water irrigation and 9 and 20 s after air irrigation, respectively. The maximum
      temperature change in the lateral part of the horizontal semicircular canal is
      0.4 and -0.3 degree after warm and cold irrigation with water. The corresponding
      values after irrigation with air are 0.1 and -0.15 degree. In addition, we
      investigated the effect of irrigating temporal bone preparations with perforated
      tympanic membranes (Fig. 4). After irrigation with air of 45 degrees C, the
      temperature in the horizontal semicircular canal decreased due to evaporation of
      humidity in the tympanic cavity. The equipment of choice for the irrigation of
      such ears is a stimulator reported by Scherer, where water flows through a
      silicon bubble which coats the ear canal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3386371
TI  - [Treatment of zoster oticus].
AB  - On the basis of aetiology and pathophysiology a rational concept for the
      treatment of zoster oticus is attempted. The current literature and own
      experiences favour the simultaneous application of the virostatic acyclovir and
      glucocorticosteroids.

PMID- 3386372
TI  - Endolymphatic sac surgery in congenital malformations of the inner ear.
AB  - A retrospective analysis of 40 patients (49 ears) with congenital progressive
      sensorineural hearing loss who underwent endolymphatic sac surgery was performed.
      The inner ears were radiographically abnormal in 57% of operated ears. In the
      remaining cases, subtle malformations beyond the resolving power of radiographic
      studies were suspected. Early postsurgical hearing loss (defined as a loss
      greater than 10 dB in three-tone average or greater than 15% in speech
      discrimination score) was found in 29% of operated ears (14/49). However, only
      two of these patients lost all of their residual hearing postoperatively (2/49 or
      4%). An enlarged endolymphatic sac was noted at surgery in 50% of those with
      significant postoperative hearing losses. Longer-term stability of hearing was
      assessed in 22 patients with bilateral inner-ear pathology who underwent surgery
      on one side only. A comparison of the hearing fate of the operated and
      nonoperated ears suggested no benefit from the surgical intervention when
      compared to the natural history of the disease. Based upon this experience,
      endolymphatic sac surgery for the purpose of hearing stabilization in patients
      with congenital malformations of the inner ear is no longer recommended.

PMID- 3386373
TI  - Clinical application of the manofluorogram.
AB  - The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the clinical usefulness of
      simultaneous fluoroscopy and manometry, as analyzed by the manofluorogram, in the
      evaluation of dysphagia. Four quantitative parameters calculated from the
      manofluorogram are analyzed and compared in six representative cases of
      dysphagia. The manofluorogram adds diagnostic information which cannot be
      obtained by barium swallow or standard manometry.

PMID- 3386374
TI  - Orbital decompression for optic neuropathy secondary to thyroid eye disease.
AB  - To improve our management of optic neuropathy from thyroid eye disease, we have
      refined the external ethmoidectomy approach, which permits the removal of the
      medial orbital wall and adjacent floor. We now report our experience with six
      patients (11 eyes) selected for this surgical technique. These patients are part
      of a larger population of patients with thyroid eye disease who have been
      surgically managed by us over the last 6 years.

PMID- 3386375
TI  - Histopathology of the facial nerve after longitudinal temporal bone fracture.
AB  - The temporal bone histopathology in a patient who suffered repeated head trauma
      and a longitudinal temporal bone fracture shows unusual features associated with
      the facial nerve. In the distal meatal segment, a type of traumatic neuroma was
      found with disorganized nerve bundles and distinct areas of Schwann's cell
      proliferation but lacking fibrosis. Periosteal new bone formation in the
      labyrinthine segment narrows the fallopian canal and protrudes into the nerve,
      which completely fills the canal. The tympanic and mastoid segments of the nerve
      show severe degeneration of nerve fibers and an increase in connective tissue
      between fascicles. An attempted facial nerve decompression did not reach the area
      of primary pathology in the labyrinthine and meatal segments of the nerve, which
      could have been exposed by the transtemporal supralabyrinthine approach.

PMID- 3386376
TI  - Long-term airway sequelae in a pediatric burn population.
AB  - All admissions to the Shriner's Burn Institute in Galveston over a 5-year period
      were reviewed. One hundred of 1,092 patients admitted (9.2%) required airway
      support (endotracheal intubation or tracheostomy) for more than 24 hours. All
      clinical variables relating to general presentation and airway care were
      tabulated. Children who required open airway operations for resolution of
      acquired airway defects were analyzed separately. No predictive factors could be
      identified. Guidelines for optimal airway management in the burned child are
      reviewed.

PMID- 3386377
TI  - Routine identification of the facial nerve using electrical stimulation during
      otological and neurotological surgery.
AB  - We routinely identify the facial nerve to avoid facial nerve injury during most
      otologic surgery. Since 1985, we have used a facial nerve stimulator/monitor as
      an added safety feature in 383 consecutive otologic and neurotologic cases. In
      our last 30 middle-ear, 8 retrolabyrinthine vestibular neurectomy, and 14
      acoustic neuroma cases we used the monopolar stimulator probe-tip to determine
      threshold currents needed to produce facial twitch. Stimulation thresholds varied
      according to the amount of soft tissue or bone overlying the facial nerve. The
      stimulator was useful for predicting dehiscences in the bony facial canal during
      middle-ear and mastoid surgery. The exposed facial nerve usually stimulated at a
      level less than 0.1 mA (mean 0.05 mA), and the horizontal facial nerve covered by
      bone stimulated at 0.25 mA or greater (mean 0.6 mA). The stimulator was also used
      to predict the amount of bone overlying the vertical facial nerve at the annulus.
      An approximate relationship of 1.0 mA of threshold current to 1.0 mm of bony
      covering was found. After acoustic neuroma surgery, the stimulation threshold of
      the facial nerve at the brain stem helped predict postoperative facial function.
      Cases with current thresholds of 0.3 mA or less resulted in normal facial
      function. During ear surgery, routine identification of the facial nerve with the
      aid of a facial nerve stimulator will help avoid facial nerve injury.

PMID- 3386378
TI  - Vagaries of thyroglossal duct cysts.
AB  - The thyroglossal duct cyst is the most common congenital cyst found in the neck,
      classically presenting as a paramidline mass in a healthy young adult. Fifty
      three cases managed at the Brigham and Women's Hospital and Boston's Beth Israel
      Hospital over the past 10 years were reviewed. The unique presentation of
      papillary adenocarcinoma in TGDCs and findings in the elderly population are
      discussed. These cases represent both diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. The
      existing literature is correlated with our data, providing a treatise on
      management.

PMID- 3386379
TI  - Effects of laser irradiation on immature olfactory neuroepithelial explants from
      the rat.
AB  - The photobiological effect of low-output laser irradiation on the maturation and
      regeneration of immature olfactory bipolar receptor cells of the rat was studied.
      The maturation and regeneration of the receptor cells of rat fetuses were
      quantified in neuroepithelial explants with morphometric analysis. The number of
      explants with outgrowth and the number and length of neuritic outgrowths were
      determined on a regular basis for 12 days. Explants in the experimental group
      were irradiated with a helium-neon laser using different incident energy
      densities (IED). Explants in the fluorescent light control group were exposed to
      fluorescent light for the same periods of time as those in the experimental group
      were exposed to laser irradiation. Explants in another control group were not
      exposed to laser or fluorescent light irradiation. The IED of 0.5 J/cm2 laser
      irradiation has been found to increase significantly the number of explants with
      outgrowth and the number and length of the outgrowths. Other laser IEDs or
      fluorescent light irradiation did not influence maturation or regeneration.

PMID- 3386380
TI  - Surgical management of the mass in the buccal space.
AB  - The discovery of a mass in the buccal space provides a diagnostic and therapeutic
      challenge. A common approach for the removal of the mass in the buccal space has
      been through the oral cavity. However, there is an ever-present danger of injury
      to the facial nerve and Stensen's duct with this approach. Experience with tumors
      in this area prompted a review of the anatomy of the buccal space and resulted in
      an improvement in the surgical technique. Our external approach through an
      extended parotid-submandibular incision provides excellent exposure which
      minimizes the risk of complications during excision of these tumors and provides
      an excellent cosmetic result.

PMID- 3386381
TI  - Atrophy of the stria vascularis as a cause of sensorineural hearing loss.
AB  - Correlations were made between pure-tone thresholds and computer-aided cross
      sectional measurements of the stria vascularis on histological sections of
      postmortem cochleas from 24 subjects who had reliable audiometric records. The
      criterion for selection was strial atrophy as the predominant pathological change
      in 17 experimental ears and normal hearing for seven control ears. Losses in the
      summed cross-sectional areas of stria vascularis showed a direct correlation with
      hearing loss. The cause for the strial atrophy is presumed to be a genetically
      determined predisposition for early cellular decay. The mechanism by which strial
      atrophy causes hearing loss is speculative.

PMID- 3386382
TI  - Internal maxillary artery ligation for epistaxis: an analysis of failures.
AB  - The records of 100 consecutive patients undergoing transantral ligation of the
      internal maxillary artery (IMA) for epistaxis, including 15 patients who
      developed postoperative bleeding, were reviewed. Preoperative parameters
      predictive of surgical failure were advanced age, anemia, and a history of
      hypertension. The causes of postoperative epistaxis, as determined by surgical
      reexploration or angiography in 12 cases, included failure to identify the IMA in
      the pterygomaxillary space (6 cases), blood flow through partially closed clips
      on the IMA (2 cases), bleeding from posterior ethmoid arteries (2 cases), and
      revascularization of the nasal blood supply (2 cases). The incidence of surgical
      failure may be reduced by proper techniques of IMA identification and ligation.

PMID- 3386383
TI  - Pyoderma gangrenosum involving the head and neck.
AB  - Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare pathergy associated with systemic diseases
      such as ulcerative colitis and polycythemia vera. Its recognition in the
      differential diagnosis of other ulcerative lesions is important in managing an
      affected patient. A patient who developed lower extremity, oral, and cervical
      manifestations of this disease on separate occasions is presented. It is
      imperative that every clinician be aware of this entity because of the potential
      untoward effects of delayed or improper treatment including unnecessary surgery.
      Systemic and intralesional steroids are the treatment of choice.

PMID- 3386384
TI  - Carcinoma of the cervical esophagus treated with radiation therapy.
AB  - This is an analysis of 34 patients with carcinoma of the cervical esophagus
      treated with radiation therapy with curative intent at the University of Florida
      between September 1966 and May 1985. All patients have a minimum 2-year follow-up
      and 28 (82%) have at least 5 years of follow-up. Patients were staged according
      to the recommendations of the AJCC. Patients who died within 2 years of treatment
      with the primary site continuously disease-free were excluded from the local
      control analysis; all patients were included in the analysis of complications and
      survival. Irradiation resulted in control of the primary lesion in 1 of 2
      patients who presented with T1 lesions, in 4 of the 12 patients with T2 lesions,
      and 3 of 17 patients who presented with T3 lesions. One patient with a T3 lesion
      that recurred locally was successfully salvaged by an operation. The 5-year
      absolute survival rates by stage were as follows: no patients with stage I
      lesions survived; of 11 stage II patients, one survived; and of 16 stage III
      patients, three survived. Interestingly, all four of the 5-year survivors were
      women.

PMID- 3386385
TI  - Multicentric parotid cysts and cervical adenopathy in AIDS patients. A newly
      recognized entity: CT and MR manifestations.
AB  - Patients with AIDS or ARC may present with parotid gland enlargement either
      initially or during the course of their disease. Of nine such patients, eight had
      unilateral gland enlargement, and one had bilateral disease. CT and MR scanning
      revealed that all patients except one had bilateral multiple intraparotid cysts.
      In addition, four of the nine patients clinically had cervical adenopathy, while
      all patients had adenopathy on scanning. We believe that the association of
      parotid cysts and cervical adenopathy is another manifestation of AIDS or ARC
      and, when found on scanning, should alert the clinician to the probable
      underlying condition.

PMID- 3386386
TI  - Herpes zoster oticus: treatment with intravenous acyclovir.
AB  - Herpes zoster oticus generally has a poor prognosis, leaving many patients with
      permanent facial nerve dysfunction. This preliminary report describes results in
      seven patients treated for zoster; all were given intravenous acyclovir. Patients
      were infused with 10 mg/kg every 8 hours over a 7-day hospitalization period.
      Five of the seven patients showed some return of facial function at the time of
      discharge. At follow-up, 4 patients had achieved a House grade I result, 1
      patient a grade II, and 2 patients a grade III. Reasons for the differences in
      final results are discussed, along with a recommended regimen for treatment.

PMID- 3386387
TI  - Adenocarcinomas of major and minor salivary gland origin: a histopathologic
      review of treatment failure patterns.
AB  - Fifty-four cases of adenocarcinoma of major and minor salivary gland origin were
      seen between 1960 and 1980. Fifty of these were treated definitively. Planned
      surgery combined with radiation was the initial treatment for 22 patients (44%),
      surgery alone for 15 (30%), and radiation alone for 13 (26%). Of the patients
      receiving surgery with curative intent, 82% underwent complete resections (i.e.,
      negative margins). Cervical lymph node involvement was present in 23% of cases,
      and 73% of these patients died of their disease within 3 years. Distant
      metastases developed in 37% of patients, with a median time of 1 year; 93% of
      these patients died within 3 years. Histologic grading was performed using
      objective criteria. Thirty-four percent of tumors were well-differentiated, 27%
      moderately differentiated, and 39% poorly differentiated. Patients with well
      differentiated adenocarcinomas tended to survive disease-free longer and
      developed fewer distant metastases than those patients with moderately or poorly
      differentiated tumors.

PMID- 3386388
TI  - The technique and clinical application of the columella strut.

PMID- 3386389
TI  - Anchoring the palatal prosthesis after maxillectomy.

PMID- 3386390
TI  - Rambo procedure: modification and application.

PMID- 3386391
TI  - Laryngeal pacemaker.

PMID- 3386392
TI  - Lack of cardiovascular tolerance during intravenous cocaine infusions in human
      volunteers.
AB  - Acute tolerance to the cardiovascular effects of cocaine has been hypothesized
      from experiments in which the plasma concentrations of cocaine were rapidly
      changing. We studied the cardiovascular responses of 8 male human subjects for 4
      hours following intravenous bolus doses of cocaine, and compared these to
      responses in the same subjects after intravenous bolus doses of cocaine followed
      by continuous intravenous infusions of cocaine designed to maintain steady state
      plasma levels of cocaine. We found little evidence of tolerance to the
      tachycardia and hypertensive effects of cocaine during a four hour exposure. Lack
      of tolerance to the cardiovascular effects of cocaine may be a factor in some
      types of cocaine related toxicity among cocaine abusers.

PMID- 3386393
TI  - Antagonism by N-methyl levallorphan-methane sulphonate (SR 58002 C) of morphine
      elicited acute and chronic central and peripheral effects.
AB  - The peripheral activity of the quaternary narcotic antagonist N-methyl
      levallorphan-methane sulphonate (SR 58002 C) at opioid sites located in the
      periphery and in the central nervous system (CNS), was studied by different
      approaches in rats after subcutaneous injection (s.c.). Pretreatment with SR
      58002 C 2,8 or 32 mg/kg s.c. 10, 50 or 110 min before buprenorphine consistently
      reduced buprenorphine in vivo binding only in the small intestinal longitudinal
      muscle with attached myenteric plexus (MP), whereas naloxone (1 mg/kg s.c.) 10
      min before buprenorphine lowered buprenorphine binding in MP and brain (without
      cerebellum). Plasma levels were not altered by SR 58002 C or naloxone. The same
      doses of SR 58002 C injected 10, 50 or 110 min before morphine selectively
      antagonized the inhibition of transit of a charcoal meal along the small
      intestine (mainly a peripheral effect) induced by the agonist, but did not
      antagonize morphine-elicited analgesia in the hot-plate test (central effect).
      Naloxone (1 mg/kg s.c.) injected 10 min before morphine antagonized both agonist
      effects simultaneously. In morphine-dependent rats SR 58002 C (0.25, 1, 4 and 32
      mg/kg s.c.) induced diarrhea, dose-dependently, in most animals within the first
      30 min, while jumping, measured in the same rats, occurred in some animals, not
      dose-dependently, from 60 min on. Naloxone (1 mg/kg s.c.) induced both effects in
      most rats. These findings suggest that, although SR 58002 C probably penetrates
      the blood-brain barrier in some morphine-dependent rats, it discriminates
      peripheral and CNS opioid effects.

PMID- 3386394
TI  - Central nervous system inhibition of pentagastrin-stimulated acid secretion by
      insulin-like growth factor II.
AB  - The ability of intracisternal insulin-like growth factor II (IGF II) to inhibit
      gastric acid secretion was studied in rats. Centrally-administered IGF II dose
      dependently inhibited acid secretion stimulated by pentagastrin. The effect was
      abolished by vagotomy. IGF II did not inhibit acid secretion stimulated by
      histamine or PCP-GABA.

PMID- 3386395
TI  - Study of fatty acids in atheroma induced in rabbits by an atherogenic diet with
      or without silicon i.v. treatment.
AB  - Fifty-two rabbits were submitted for two months to an atherogenic diet with or
      without addition of silicon in the form of an I.V. silicon organic compound and
      compared to a control group of 21 rabbits. Out of the 26 rabbits receiving
      cholesterol alone, 23 showed atheromatous lesions; out of the 26 rabbits
      receiving cholesterol + silicon, only 8 had lesions. Free fatty acids, total
      fatty acids and esters were studied in the plasma and in the aorta. During
      atheroma, saturated fatty acids decrease, in particular 18:0, unsaturated fatty
      acids increase, in particular 18:1, 18:2, 20:4; with added silicon the variations
      are less important: in free fatty acids in plasma, there is a decrease of 20:4;
      in cholesterol esters in plasma and aorta an increase of 18:0 and a decrease of
      18:2. There is a negative correlation between atheromatous lesions and myristic
      and stearic acids, and a positive correlation between oleic, linoleic and
      arachidonic acids and atheroma. Arachidonic acid, involved in phenomena of lipid
      peroxidation, decreased in the silicon treated rabbits.

PMID- 3386396
TI  - Muscarinic receptor plasticity in the brain of senescent rats: down-regulation
      after repeated administration of diisopropyl fluorophosphate.
AB  - Potential age-related differences in the response of Fischer 344 rats to
      subchronic treatment with diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) were evaluated in
      terms of brain cholinesterase (ChE) inhibition and muscarinic receptor sites.
      Male 3- and 24-month old rats were sc injected with sublethal doses of DFP (first
      dose 1.6, subsequent doses 1.1 mg/kg on alternate days) for 2 weeks and killed 48
      hrs after the last treatment. In the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and striatum of
      control rats a significant age-related reduction of ChE and of maximum number of
      3H-QNB binding sites (Bmax) was observed. The administration of DFP to senescent
      rats resulted in more pronounced and longer lasting syndrome of cholinergic
      stimulation, with marked body weight loss and 60% mortality. The percentage
      inhibition of brain ChE induced by DFP (over 80% in all regions) did not differ
      between young and senescent rats. As expected, in young rats DFP caused a
      significant decrease of Bmax (without apparent changes in affinity), which in the
      cerebral cortex reached about 40%. In the surviving senescent rats, the
      percentage decrease of Bmax due to DFP with respect to age-matched controls was
      very similar to that of young animals, especially in the cerebral cortex. Thus,
      there is great variability in the response of aged rats to DFP treatment, from
      total failure of adaptive mechanisms resulting in death to considerable
      muscarinic receptor plasticity. The data support the view that the ability of
      central neurotransmitter systems to compensate for pathological or xenobiotic
      induced insult is an essential part of the aging process.

PMID- 3386397
TI  - In vitro inhibition of human platelet monoamine oxidase by phenothiazine
      derivatives.
AB  - Nineteen phenothiazines were tested for in vitro inhibition of human platelet
      type B monoamine oxidase (MAO). The inhibition potency was highly dependent on
      structures of their side chains. The inhibition was most potent for drugs with
      (hydroxyethyl-piperazinyl)propyl chains followed in decreasing order by those
      with (N-methylpiperazinyl)propyl, (2-dimethylamino-2-methyl)ethyl and 3
      dimethylaminopropyl chains. Kinetic analyses were carried out for promazine,
      promethazine, perazine and perphenazine as representatives of each group; the
      four drugs showed competitive inhibition, and Ki values of 124, 31.4, 19.2 and
      22.6 microM, respectively.

PMID- 3386398
TI  - Taurine in the osmoregulation of the Brattleboro rat.
AB  - The function of taurine in mammalian osmoregulation was studied in the
      Brattleboro rat with hereditary hypothalamic diabetes insipidus (DI). DI rats are
      chronically dehydrated because of their inability to synthesize vasopressin. One
      day of water deprivation did not affect the water balance in rats with normal
      vasopressin synthesis, whereas DI rats were markedly dehydrated and lost
      considerably body weight. Taurine content and 3H-taurine accumulation by
      platelets were significantly higher in DI rats, with a further increase after one
      day of water deprivation. In DI rats, water deprivation also evoked a clear
      taurine increase in skeletal muscle and in the brain. These findings indicate
      that taurine has an osmoregulatory function in mammals.

PMID- 3386399
TI  - Two-drug combinations of memory enhancers: effect of dose ratio upon potency and
      therapeutic window, in mice.
AB  - Two-drug combinations have been reported to enhance retention more effectively
      than when either drug was administered alone at the same dose. Some combinations
      of cholinergic drugs enhance retention even though the total drug dosage is
      reduced by as much as 97% compared to the dose needed to improve retention when
      the same drugs are administered singly. The choice of dose ratio is usually
      arbitrary or based on empirical results. The present study systematically varied
      the ratio of two drugs in a combination and at the same time varied the dosage of
      each drug. The drug combinations were administered to mice immediately after
      training on T-maze footshock avoidance task. Retention was tested one week later.
      Three two-drug combinations were selected for presentation because they differed
      considerably as to (a) the lowest effective total dose that improved memory
      retention, (b) the optimal ratio that improved retention and (c) the width of the
      therapeutic window. The effect of a drug combination on retention was found to be
      dependent on the particular drugs in the combination, the ratio and the dose
      administered.

PMID- 3386400
TI  - Renal glutathione homeostasis in compensatory renal growth.
AB  - Glutathione homeostasis was investigated in unilaterally nephrectomized and sham
      operated rats. Following twelve days of compensatory renal growth, it was found
      that the concentrations of glutathione and glutathione disulfide in
      representative samples of the entire remnant right kidney from the nephrectomized
      rats were similar to those found in corresponding samples of the right kidneys
      from the sham-operated rats. However, since the mass of the remnant right kidneys
      in the nephrectomized rats was greater than that of the right kidneys from the
      sham-operated rats, the absolute content of glutathione and glutathione disulfide
      was greater in the remnant right kidneys of the nephrectomized rats than in the
      right kidneys of the sham-operated rats. In general, the findings from the
      present study indicate that the absolute content of glutathione and glutathione
      disulfide in renal epithelial cells increases in proportion to the increase in
      mass that results from compensatory renal cellular hypertrophy.

PMID- 3386401
TI  - Behavioural evidence for simultaneous dual changes of 5-HT receptor subtypes:
      mode of antidepressant action?
AB  - Effects of the classic antidepressant imipramine and of an imipramine-like
      potential antidepressant dihydroergosine were studied in mice, rats and guinea
      pigs using behavioural models associated with the activation of 5-HT2 and 5-HT1
      receptors respectively. Both drugs given in a single dose inhibited the 5-HT2
      mediated behaviour for 24 and 48 h respectively and simultaneously stimulated 5
      HT1 mediated behaviour for 6 days. Blockade of 5-HT2 receptors could have reduced
      their inhibitory influence on 5-HT1 receptors. We propose that the interplay
      between the two receptor subtypes controls the serotoninergic transmission. This
      idea throws a new light on the mode of action of antidepressants.

PMID- 3386402
TI  - Ferriprotoporphyrin IX and cell lysis: a protective role for hydrogen peroxide.
AB  - Two potentially lytic substances, ferriprotoporphyrin IX (FP) and hydrogen
      peroxide, may coexist and partially detoxify each other in sickle cells and in
      erythrocytes infected with malaria parasites. Since hydrogen peroxide can
      decompose FP, its effect on hemolysis induced by FP and by the complex of FP with
      chloroquine was investigated. Human erythrocytes suspended at a concentration of
      0.5% in a 50 microM solution of FP underwent approximately 42% hemolysis during
      the course of 2 hours. Twenty-five micromolar chloroquine potentiated hemolysis
      to 99%, and preincubation of 50 microM FP with 25 microM hydrogen peroxide for 5
      minutes reduced hemolysis to 4%. Mixing either FP or hydrogen peroxide first with
      chloroquine abolished the effect of hydrogen peroxide. Detoxification of FP by
      hydrogen peroxide may be an important protective mechanism in certain hemolytic
      anemias, and inhibition of detoxification could account for the effectiveness of
      chloroquine in malaria.

PMID- 3386403
TI  - Catechol-O-methyltransferase activity in human and rat small intestine.
AB  - The activities of soluble (S-COMT) and membrane-bound (MB-COMT) forms of catechol
      O-methyltransferase in different regions of human and rat small intestine were
      determined. S-COMT was the predominant form both in the mucous membrane and in
      the muscle layers. The activity of S-COMT was more than twice as high in the
      mucous membrane as in the muscle layer. The activity of MB-COMT was almost equal
      in the different regions of the gut as well as in the mucous membrane and muscle
      layers. However, the ratio of the soluble form to the membrane-bound form was
      close to one in the human muscle layers of the jejunum and ileum.

PMID- 3386404
TI  - Increased survival of normal cells during laser photodynamic therapy:
      implications for ex vivo autologous bone marrow purging.
AB  - Laser light-induced, dye-mediated photolysis of leukemic cells was tested in an
      in vitro model for its efficacy in eliminating occult tumor cells for ex vivo
      autologous bone marrow purging. Merocyanine 540 (MC540) was mixed with acute
      promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) cells in the presence of human albumin. This cell
      dye mixture was irradiated with 514 nm argon laser light. Results show that in
      the presence of 0.1%, 0.25% and 0.5% albumin, laser light doses of 62.4 J/cm2,
      93.6 J/cm2 and 109.2 J/cm2, respectively, were required for a 5 log reduction in
      the survival of leukemic cells. Under identical conditions, 80% to 84% of the
      normal bone marrow cells and 41% of the granulocyte-macrophage colony forming
      cells survived. The number of surviving stromal cells was reduced (1+) compared
      to the untreated control (4+). Mixing of irradiated bone marrow cells with equal
      number of HL-60 cells did not interfere with the killing of HL-60 cells treated
      with MC540 and laser light. The non-specific cytotoxicity of laser light alone
      was less than 6% for normal bone marrow cells. These results suggest that the
      concentration of human albumin plays an important role in laser light-induced
      phototoxicity. This laser light-induced selective photolysis of leukemic cells
      can be used in ex vivo purging of tumor cell-contaminated bone marrow grafts to
      achieve very high survival rates of normal bone marrow cells and granulocyte
      macrophage colony forming cells.

PMID- 3386405
TI  - gamma-Aminobutyric acid in synovial membrane of rat knee joint.
AB  - gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) content was measured, and the release of GABA was
      studied in the synovial membrane of the rat knee joint. GABA content of the
      synovial membrane was 20.1 nmol/g tissue. Ten days after unilateral dissection of
      the sciatic nerve, femoral nerve or both nerves, the GABA contents of the
      ipsilateral membrane were 13.8, 14.6 and 7.8 nmol/g tissue, respectively. High K+
      evoked the Ca2+-dependent release of [3H] GABA from the synovial membranes of
      intact rats preloaded with [3H] GABA, but did not evoke release from the membrane
      ipsilateral to the dissection of both sciatic and femoral nerves. Evoked release
      of [3H] GABA was obtained in the synovial membrane preloaded with [3H] GABA in
      the presence of beta-alanine, but not in the presence of 2,4-L-diaminobutyric
      acid. These results indicate that GABA is present in the neuronal elements of the
      synovial membrane of the rat knee joint.

PMID- 3386406
TI  - Synthesis of prostaglandin E by peritoneal macrophages from NZB/W mice.
AB  - Peritoneal macrophages from NZB/W (murine lupus) mice spontaneously produce less
      prostaglandin E (PGE) than peritoneal macrophages from immunologically normal
      mice. Reduced PGE synthesis is seen as early as 2 months of age and becomes more
      profound as disease progresses. It is suggested that impaired production of PGE
      by peritoneal macrophages from NZB/W mice may account in part for abnormal
      macrophage function observed in these animals.

PMID- 3386407
TI  - Prevention of exercise-induced muscle membrane damage by oestradiol.
AB  - Exercise can damage the muscle membrane, followed by leakage of certain muscle
      proteins into the bloodstream. This postexercise response differs for males and
      females; as an explanation for this difference it has been suggested that
      oestrogens have a protective effect on the female muscle membrane. We recently
      developed an animal exercise model in which postexercise damage can be studied in
      laboratory animals in vivo. A postexercise dimorphism, similar to that in humans,
      exists in rats and indirect evidence for the involvement of oestradiol (E2) was
      found. We report here 1) that ovariectomized females show postexercise damage
      like males, 2) that this response can be prevented by E2-replacement before
      exercise, and 3) that males, after E2-treatment, no longer show postexercise
      muscle damage. We therefore conclude that oestradiol indeed plays an important
      role in protecting skeletal muscle, both in females and in males.

PMID- 3386408
TI  - Renotropic stimulation in rat kidney cell culture.
AB  - A circulating renotropic factor specific for renal cells has been described in
      rats. The addition of sera obtained from unilaterally nephrectomized (uni) rats
      24h after operation compared to sham-operated (sham) rats augments 3H-thymidine
      incorporation into the DNA of incubating kidney slices approximately 10%-30%.
      Attempting to amplify the sensitivity of the assay for this renotropic agent, we
      replaced slices with primary rat kidney cultures. The assay system was based on
      one previously used for rabbits. The cultured cells were synchronized in their
      growth phase by a period of protein-free starvation. Compared to sera from sham
      rats, sera from uni rats showed significant stimulation of thymidine
      incorporation into DNA, 35.5% +/- 9.3 (SEM), p less than .0001, at 16 h; 63.3% +/
      10.0 (SEM), p less than .001, at 24 h; and 19.5% +/- 6.5 (SEM), p less than .01,
      at 48 h post operation. Accordingly, the maximal stimulation at 24 h was greater
      than that previously found using the kidney slice assay. Measurable renotropic
      activity occurred earlier and over a shorter duration than in rabbits.
      Stimulation was similar when a D-valine medium, relatively specific for renal
      epithelial cells, replaced DME medium. We conclude that growth synchronized,
      primary rat renal cells in culture verify the presence of a circulating
      renotropin arising 24 h post uni.

PMID- 3386409
TI  - Effect of opioid agonist-antagonist interaction on morphine dependence in rats.
AB  - Morphine dependence was induced by treatment with morphine-admixed food (0.25mg/g
      of food) for 7 days. Withdrawal was precipitated by injecting naloxone (0.5mg/kg,
      s.c.). Rats treated with morphine exhibited body weight loss upon the naloxone
      injection. When morphine-dependent rats were injected subcutaneously with
      morphine, codeine, meperidine and pentazocine 30 min before the naloxone
      injection, these drugs significantly suppressed the naloxone-precipitated loss of
      body weight in a dose-dependent manner. However, body weight loss induced through
      coadministration of naloxone and Mr-2266 BS were not suppressed by morphine
      pretreatment. These results suggest that opioids protect against naloxone
      precipitated loss of body weight, and that mu and kappa opiate receptors play an
      important role in the protection against naloxone-precipitated withdrawal.

PMID- 3386410
TI  - Human red cell acetyltransferase.
AB  - Acetyltransferase was isolated by histone-Sepharose affinity chromatography from
      human cord blood red cells. The enzyme was detected only in very young red cells.
      The semipurified enzyme and [14C]acetyl-CoA were used to acetylate isolated Hb F
      tetramer and alpha and gamma subunits. The in vitro acetylated products were
      characterized by globin chain separation by CM-cellulose chromatography and
      tryptic peptide analysis by reverse-phase HPLC. Acetylation of both the gamma
      chains and the alpha-chains could occur within the Hb F tetramer. Acetylation
      also could take place on intact subunits. It appears that some Hb FIC could be
      formed in the cells by utilizing Hb F or free gamma-chains as acetylation
      substrate.

PMID- 3386411
TI  - Assay of catecholamines and dihydroxyphenylethyleneglycol in human plasma and its
      application in orthostasis and mental stress.
AB  - A high performance liquid chromatographic method involving electrochemical
      detection is described which permits the assay of noradrenaline (NA), adrenaline
      (A), dopamine (DA), and dihydroxyphenylethyleneglycol (DOPEG) in human plasma and
      brings about analytical recoveries of 70% and more. This method was used to
      assess the effects of graded orthostasis and mental stress on the plasma levels
      of these catechols. Orthostasis elicited increases in plasma NA and DOPEG, but
      did not cause any change in plasma A and DA. The increases in NA and DOPEG were
      dependent on the degree of orthostasis and correlated closely (rs = 0.724; n =
      30, P less than 0.001). Pretreatment with desipramine abolished the DOPEG
      response to standing, indicating that orthostasis - induced increases in plasma
      DOPEG are presynaptic in origin. Mental stress evoked pronounced increases in
      plasma A, less pronounced increases in plasma NA and no changes in plasma DA and
      DOPEG. Hence, the simultaneous measurement of plasma NA and DOPEG may help to
      distinguish between various types of activation of the sympathetic nervous
      system.

PMID- 3386412
TI  - Neurotensin potentiates the endogenous dopamine release from striatal
      synaptosomes of rat.
AB  - The effect of neurotensin (NT) on the release of endogenous dopamine (DA) of rat
      striatal synaptosomes was studied. In the basic medium with Ca++ (5mM K+ and 1.2
      mM Ca++), spontaneous release of DA was determined to be 12.03 +/- 1.12 pmol/mg
      protein, while in the Ca++-free basic medium containing EGTA (2.0 mM), the amount
      of DA released was still up to 11.2 +/- 1.06 pmol/mg protein. NT in 10(-4)-10(-6)
      M range tested potentiated both the spontaneous and K+-induced release of DA in
      Ca++-free medium. In addition, NT in 10(-4) M, but not in lower concentrations
      tested, potentiated the spontaneous, Ca++-dependent release of DA. It is
      suggested that the effect of NT on DA release is mediated by the specific NT
      receptors at the DA axonal terminals. The possibility, however, that NT has some
      influence on the carrier-mediated process of the membrane might not be ruled out.

PMID- 3386413
TI  - Age-dependent decrease in the lethal threshold of pentylenetetrazole in mice.
AB  - We previously reported that the minimal effective concentrations in plasma and
      brain for inducing the maximal seizure after intraperitoneal injection of
      pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) significantly increased with age in mice. We also
      observed that some old mice died without the maximal seizure during the
      observation period of 15 min. To examine how the lethal dose changes with age in
      the mouse, in the present study we employed a continuous intravenous infusion of
      PTZ that enabled us to control the dose, either stopping the infusion after the
      maximal seizure or continuing it until the lethal dose was reached. This study
      has demonstrated that the lethal threshold of PTZ in the oldest mice (27 months
      for males and 30 months for females) was significantly lower than that for the
      respective younger groups. We conclude that our observation in old mice of death
      occurring before the appearance of maximal seizure is due to a decrease in the
      lethal threshold combined with an increase in the threshold for maximal seizure.

PMID- 3386414
TI  - Time course of the insensitivity of prolactin release to morphine administration
      in the lactating female rat.
AB  - The effect of morphine on circulating levels of prolactin and growth hormone (GH)
      in the lactating female model was determined at various time intervals following
      the termination of suckling. Morphine administration did not produce an increase
      in prolactin levels when dams remained suckling. Four days after suckling was
      terminated, 50% of the dams tested showed a morphine induced prolactin increase.
      The prolactin secretory response to morphine gradually returned in dams, so that
      after 8 days of non-suckling, all animals tested showed a morphine induced
      prolactin increase. Consistent with the lack of prolactin stimulation, the
      tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic (TIDA) neurons, were insensitive to the morphine
      induced inhibition of activity during lactation. In contrast, circulating levels
      of GH were increased in these dams following morphine administration. These
      results suggest that the lactating female rat is insensitive to the mu mediated
      stimulation of prolactin release while suckling. However, sensitivity begins to
      return following at least 4 days of non-suckling.

PMID- 3386415
TI  - Attenuation of a radiation-induced conditioned taste aversion after the
      development of ethanol tolerance.
AB  - An attempt to reduce a radiation-induced conditioned taste aversion (CTA) was
      undertaken by rendering animals tolerant to ethanol. Ethanol tolerance, developed
      over 5 days, was sufficient to block a radiation-induced taste aversion, as well
      as an ethanol-induced CTA. Several intermittent doses of ethanol, which did not
      induce tolerance but removed the novelty of the conditioning stimulus, blocked an
      ethanol-induced CTA but not the radiation-induced CTA. A CTA induced by doses of
      radiation up to 500 rads was attenuated. These data suggest that radioprotection
      developing in association with ethanol tolerance is a result of a physiological
      response to the chronic presence of ethanol not to the ethanol itself.

PMID- 3386416
TI  - Chronic treatment with high doses of haloperidol fails to decrease the time
      course for the development of depolarization inactivation of midbrain dopamine
      neurons.
AB  - Using extracellular single unit recording techniques, we investigated the effects
      produced by chronic treatment with high doses of haloperidol (CHAL, 5 mg/kg/day,
      s.c.) on midbrain dopamine (DA) neuronal activity. This regimen of HAL treatment
      produced a time-dependent reduction in the number of spontaneously active DA
      neurons. Additionally, this dose regimen induced an irregular firing pattern in
      many of the remaining active DA neurons in both the ventral tegmental area (A10)
      and substantia nigra pars compacta (A9) regions. These effects were comparable to
      those obtained previously in rats treated chronically with lower doses of HAL
      (0.5 mg/kg/day, s.c.). However, there was a greater decrease in the number of
      spontaneously active DA cells detected in rats treated with high doses of HAL for
      three weeks compared to those receiving the low doses. On the other hand, higher
      doses of apomorphine (200 micrograms/kg, i.v.) were required to reverse both the
      reduction of DA activity and irregular discharge pattern in rats treated
      chronically with high doses of HAL. In conclusion, the results of the present
      study substantiate the view that CHAL-induced depolarization inactivation (DI) of
      DA neurons is a time-dependent process and chronic treatment with high doses of
      HAL did not shorten the time course required for the development of DI on the
      majority of midbrain DA neurons.

PMID- 3386417
TI  - Diabetes mellitus and hypertension: public health perspective.

PMID- 3386418
TI  - Diabetes mellitus and hypertension: clinical perspective.

PMID- 3386419
TI  - Improving adherence to treatment regimens.

PMID- 3386420
TI  - Role of hypertension in diabetic renal disease.

PMID- 3386421
TI  - Prevention of end-stage renal disease: a focus of antihypertensive therapy.

PMID- 3386422
TI  - Risk factors for stroke subtypes.

PMID- 3386423
TI  - The Maryland Stroke Data Bank.

PMID- 3386424
TI  - A new national approach to lowering blood cholesterol.

PMID- 3386425
TI  - Family oriented cardiovascular risk screening and intervention.

PMID- 3386426
TI  - Hyperlipidemia: treatment with lipid-lowering agents.

PMID- 3386427
TI  - [Program for developing the protection of the people's health and perestroika in
      public health in the USSR].

PMID- 3386428
TI  - [Program for the purposes of instruction in diagnosis in a medical institute].

PMID- 3386429
TI  - [Assessment of different variants of hyperfractionated irradiation in cancer of
      the naso- and oropharynx and of the oral mucosa].
AB  - The authors presented comparative analysis of the results of hyperfractionated
      gamma-irradiation of 75 patients with locally advanced head and neck tumors
      (stages II-IV) in various types of daily dose fractionation. 33 patients of the
      1st group received radiotherapy at a dose of 1.2 Gy twice a day at a 6h-interval
      up to a total dose of 70-75 Gy, 23 patients of the 2nd group were irradiated at a
      dose of 1 Gy 3 times a day at a 3h-interval up to a total dose of 60-65 Gy, 19
      patients of the 3rd group were irradiated at a dose of 1 Gy 5 times a day up to a
      total dose of 60 Gy. The authors have shown the prospects of hyperfractionated
      irradiation with two- and threefold daily dose fractionation in which complete
      tumor resorption was 94-95%, the 2-year survival was 60.6 +/- 7 and 75%,
      respectively without signs of late complications.

PMID- 3386430
TI  - [Combined treatment of primary inoperable breast cancer].
AB  - The paper is devoted to the clinical characterization and results of therapy of
      45 patients with locally advanced, primary inoperable cancer. Most of the women
      were at the age of 40-60, of them 64% had preserved menstrual ovarian function.
      Multimodality therapy included radiation therapy combined with chemotherapy (UAM
      and CMF schemes). The breast and all zones of regional metastasis were irradiated
      at a single focal dose of 2 Gy, the total focal doses were 67-70 Gy to the
      breast, 50 Gy to the axillary and supra- and subclavicular areas, and 34-40 Gy to
      the parasternal area. This therapy was followed by radical mastectomy on 30
      patients. A degree of expression of a clinical effect and therapeutic
      pathomorphosis was emphasized. Proceeding from 2-year long-term results,
      multimodality therapy including surgical intervention was found appropriate.

PMID- 3386431
TI  - [Interstitial gamma irradiation of the parasternal area in breast cancer].
AB  - The authors substantiated the effectiveness of local irradiation of the
      parasternal lymph node chain by means of cylindrical 60Co sources of original
      design. Sizes of the sources: total length--65 mm, active length--60 mm, external
      diameter--1 mm. This type of irradiation as part of combined and multimodality
      therapy was used in 112 patients. This method is easy to perform and well
      tolerated by patients.

PMID- 3386432
TI  - [Immediate results of accelerated dosage fractionation in the radiation therapy
      of inoperable rectal cancer].
AB  - A comparative study of radiation therapy results was conducted in 207 patients
      with inoperable primary and recurring rectal cancer. Patients of the 1st group
      (113) were irradiated by a method of accelerated fractionation (2 times daily
      with a 4 h-interval at a dose of 2.5 Gy per fraction for 3 days weekly). The 2nd
      group of 94 patients was treated by small fractions (2-2.5 Gy once a day for 5
      days weekly). The mean summary focal doses in primary tumors in the 1st and 2nd
      groups were 53.5 and 70.1 Gy, respectively, in recurrences--51.9 and 66.5 Gy.
      This method is time saving (the period of treatment was reduced by 21 days).
      Besides, a significant improvement of short-term results and general tolerance of
      irradiation with a tendency to an increase in 1-3-year survival rates of the
      treated patients were noted.

PMID- 3386433
TI  - [Scintigraphy of the bone marrow with 111In].

PMID- 3386434
TI  - [Determination of effective renal plasma flow based on data from dynamic
      renoscintigraphy with 131I-hippuran].
AB  - The paper is concerned with a comparative study of 2 methods of calculation of
      the separate effective renal plasma flow (ERPF)--by hippuran clearance and
      hippuran absorption by the kidneys on the 2nd minute of renoscintigraphic
      investigation. The latter one was characterized by some advantages: the use of
      routine scintigraphy, the absence of blood and urine tests, rapid performance,
      the accuracy of the results obtained was no inferior to that of ERPF calculation
      by clearance. The method was included in an application package for scintigraphy
      data processing. A study of the ERPF was conducted in 140 patients with
      nephroureterolithiasis in the time course of surgical treatment. The results have
      shown that the ERPF can be used not only for the control of therapeutic efficacy
      but also for the prognosis of postoperative restoration of affected kidney
      function. The determination of the total ERPF and a degree of asymmetry of its
      distribution is of great prognostic importance.

PMID- 3386435
TI  - [Pulmonary hemodynamics in acute and chronic inflammatory lung diseases in
      children].
AB  - The author carried out a study of pulmonary hemodynamics in 155 patients aged 1
      month to 15 yrs. old with acute and chronic pulmonary inflammatory diseases by
      radionuclide diagnostic, angiographic and other methods. It was established that
      angiological mechanisms of the pathogenesis of acute suppurative-destructive
      pneumonia were based on the reduction of the microcirculatory network of the
      pulmonary vessels with regional redistribution of the blood flow. Lesser
      circulatory rearrangement in chronic nonspecific pulmonary inflammatory diseases
      was characterized by regional hypoperfusion in the affected zone, a decrease in
      oxygen saturation of the blood, reduced blood flow volumes, and regional arterial
      pulmonary hypertension.

PMID- 3386436
TI  - Neurocomputers.

PMID- 3386437
TI  - Problem-solving using neural networks.

PMID- 3386439
TI  - Artificial neural systems in medical science and practice.

PMID- 3386438
TI  - Summarization and display of on-line medical records.

PMID- 3386440
TI  - The Questor System.

PMID- 3386441
TI  - Mental capacity.

PMID- 3386442
TI  - British Medical Association symposium: Mental Health and Legal Capacity. 29
      October. Proceedings.

PMID- 3386443
TI  - Mental patients and the official solicitor.

PMID- 3386444
TI  - Mental condition as a defence in criminal law: a lawyer addresses medical men.

PMID- 3386445
TI  - Psychiatric aspects of homicide.

PMID- 3386446
TI  - Why 'Mental health and legal capacity'? An introduction to the symposium.

PMID- 3386447
TI  - Criminal responsibility: a view of counsel.

PMID- 3386448
TI  - Crime and mental illness.

PMID- 3386449
TI  - Mental illness and social policy.

PMID- 3386450
TI  - Referrals for psychiatric reports: a study on solicitor to psychiatrist
      communication.

PMID- 3386451
TI  - The psychiatric aspects of murder and attempted murder in Jordan (1976-85).

PMID- 3386452
TI  - The work of the Lord Chancellor's medical visitors.

PMID- 3386453
TI  - Hunger strikers.

PMID- 3386454
TI  - Diminished responsibility and the reasonable man: a Singapore viewpoint.

PMID- 3386455
TI  - Re: Pulmonary thromboembolism.

PMID- 3386456
TI  - Mental incapacity in personal law.

PMID- 3386457
TI  - A legal framework to eradicate female circumcision.

PMID- 3386458
TI  - A chloroform inhalation fatality--an unusual asphyxiation.

PMID- 3386460
TI  - Bereavement in those who have killed.

PMID- 3386459
TI  - Non-accidental injuries to children in Sri Lanka.

PMID- 3386461
TI  - A case of fatal suffocation during an unusual auto-erotic practice.

PMID- 3386462
TI  - Prison officers' experience as a predictor of risk of attack: an analysis within
      the British prison system.

PMID- 3386463
TI  - Hypercalcaemia and depression.

PMID- 3386464
TI  - Autopsy findings in turtle flesh poisoning.

PMID- 3386465
TI  - A foot in the yard.

PMID- 3386466
TI  - Mutism and the problem of the mute defendant.

PMID- 3386467
TI  - Effect on traffic safety of introducing a 0.05% blood alcohol level in
      Queensland, Australia.

PMID- 3386468
TI  - Variations in the use of the Mental Health (NI) Act 1961.

PMID- 3386469
TI  - Fatal reaction by parenteral Lariago?--A case report.

PMID- 3386470
TI  - Training the expert witness.

PMID- 3386471
TI  - Technical method--rapid softening of adipocerous bodies.

PMID- 3386472
TI  - [Hygienic aspects of the prevention of hospital infections].

PMID- 3386473
TI  - [Characteristics of alcoholism and its treatment in adolescents and young
      people].

PMID- 3386474
TI  - [Role of the operating room nurse in preventing surgical infection].

PMID- 3386475
TI  - [Work experience of the duty nurse in the burn trauma department].

PMID- 3386476
TI  - [Clinical characteristics of acute disorder of the cerebral circulation].

PMID- 3386477
TI  - [Women in Soviet public health].

PMID- 3386478
TI  - [Syncopes].

PMID- 3386480
TI  - [Influenza].

PMID- 3386479
TI  - [Principles of rehabilitating children with nervous system lesions at a
      polyclinic].

PMID- 3386481
TI  - [Ocular therapeutic procedures].

PMID- 3386482
TI  - [Electrophoresis of an extract of Slavyansk mud in treating periodontal
      diseases].

PMID- 3386483
TI  - [Deontological problems when the outcome is death].

PMID- 3386484
TI  - [Enuresis in children and its treatment].

PMID- 3386485
TI  - [Work of the nurse at a sports camp].

PMID- 3386486
TI  - [Specialized medical care for children with hereditary and congenital
      pathologies].

PMID- 3386487
TI  - [Temporomandibular arthroses].

PMID- 3386488
TI  - [Temporal epilepsy].

PMID- 3386489
TI  - [Retrobulbar neuritis and inflammatory processes of the paranasal sinuses].

PMID- 3386490
TI  - [Physiotherapy of chronic suppurative maxillary sinusitis].

PMID- 3386491
TI  - [Dietetic products for the nutrition of patients with diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 3386492
TI  - [Emergency care in burns].

PMID- 3386493
TI  - [Medical gymnastics in generalized tissue defects of the head and neck].

PMID- 3386494
TI  - [Storage times of drug substances for electrophoresis].

PMID- 3386495
TI  - [Methods of consolidating the study material in anatomy and physiology lessons].

PMID- 3386496
TI  - [Centimeter-wave therapy].

PMID- 3386497
TI  - [Work of the nurse in school (I)].

PMID- 3386498
TI  - A pictographic essay on blood and tissue oxygen transport.
AB  - This review describes the transport of oxygen from ambient air to mitochondria in
      the cells. Using simple equations and diagrams, the presentation illustrates the
      variables which determine the magnitude of each of the three major steps in the
      partial pressure of O2 along the passage, from: (i) ambient air to alveolar gas;
      (ii) arterial blood to venous blood; and (iii) capillary blood to tissue. The
      emphasis is on steps (ii) and (iii), and how they are modified from the normoxic
      case by ischemia, anemia, hypoxia, and increased VO2. The basic context of step
      (iii) is the Krogh model. This model, despite its limitations, is proposed as
      conceptually useful in analyzing whole-body or tissue O2 transport.

PMID- 3386499
TI  - Acute effects of exercise intensity on appetite in young men.
AB  - This study investigated the acute effects of two exercise intensities on three
      measures of appetite. Fifteen, 12-h-fasted, college-age males completed three
      experimental sessions in counterbalanced orders: no-exercise control; cycle
      exercise performed at 35% VO2max; and cycle exercise performed at 68% VO2max.
      Both exercise conditions involved a total energy expenditure of 4.1 kcal.kg-1
      body weight. Dependent measures were intermittent hunger and sucrose palatability
      ratings, and food intake at a test meal given approximately 1 h post-exercise.
      Hunger was briefly suppressed in the high-intensity exercise condition compared
      to low-intensity exercise and control, while intake of liquid-source kilocalories
      and carbohydrates was higher after the exercise sessions. Total caloric intake
      remained stable. Sucrose palatability did not vary across sessions. Intensity is
      inferred to be an important variable mediating exercise effects on appetite.
      Relations between appetite measures are discussed, and validity of sucrose
      palatability ratings and common methods of measuring food intake questioned.
      Exercise, while not decreasing food intake, does not appear to increase it, and
      the benefits of exercise for body fat reduction are not immediately offset by
      compensatory caloric intake.

PMID- 3386500
TI  - Metabolic and blood catecholamine responses to exercise during alkalosis.
AB  - The effects of metabolic alkalosis on muscle lactate accumulation and plasma
      catecholamine concentrations were studied in six highly trained subjects during
      short-term ergocycle exercises to exhaustion (375 W). The studies were performed
      after oral administration of NaHCO3 (alkalosis) and CaCO3 (placebo). There was a
      significant increase in resting blood pH after NaHCO3 ingestion (7.35 +/- 0.02)
      compared to placebo (7.27 +/- 0.02). A longer endurance time was achieved during
      alkalosis (75.3 +/- 8 s) than during control (61.5 +/- 2 s), but similar blood pH
      and HCO3- levels were found at exhaustion in both treatments. Metabolic alkalosis
      resulted in higher elevation in muscle lactate concentration (31.7 +/- 4.6
      mmol.kg-1 wet weight) compared to control (17 +/- 4 mmol.kg-1 wet weight).
      Despite longer exercise duration in alkalosis, plasma norepinephrine and
      epinephrine concentrations at exhaustion were reduced by 30 and 34%,
      respectively. These results indicate that alkalosis increased muscle lactate
      accumulation during exhaustive exercise. These changes were associated with a
      reduced blood catecholamine response to exercise.

PMID- 3386501
TI  - Effect of carbohydrate and vitamin B6 on fuel substrates during exercise in
      women.
AB  - Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate is an essential co-factor for glycogen phosphorylase and
      certain enzymes in the alanine-glucose cycle. Glycogen phosphorylase is also
      proposed as a storage reservoir for vitamin B6. To examine the effect of vitamin
      B6 and carbohydrate on fuel substrates during exercise, 5 young/trained, 5
      young/un-trained, and 5 post-menopausal/un-trained women were alternately fed
      four diets (varying carbohydrate and B6 level) over a 7-wk period. Subjects were
      exercised at the end of each dietary period at 80% VO2max for 20 min on a cycle
      ergometer. Blood was drawn pre-, post-, post-30, and post-60 min of exercise and
      analyzed for plasma pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, glucose, free fatty acid, and
      lactate. ANOVA showed no difference among groups or diets for lactate, although
      lactate was significantly different over time (P less than 0.0001) on all diets.
      ANOVA showed significant time x group x diet inter-actions for free fatty acid (P
      less than 0.05) and significant diet x time (P less than 0.04) and time x group
      (P less than 0.03) inter-actions for glucose. Supplementation and/or increased
      carbohydrate resulted in lower free fatty acid during exercise in all groups.
      ANOVA showed no difference in pyridoxal 5'-phosphate for groups with respect to
      diet or time, but did show a significant increase from pre- to post-exercise and
      a significant decrease from post- to post-60 min of exercise. These results
      indicate that a high-carbohydrate diet and/or supplemental vitamin B6 can alter
      plasma fuel substrates during exercise in women; however, the effect depends on
      age and level of training.

PMID- 3386502
TI  - Creatine kinase and muscle soreness after repeated isometric exercise.
AB  - This study examined adaptation to isometric exercise with regard to changes in
      serum creatine kinase (CK) activity and muscle soreness. Forty-five college-age
      males were placed into six groups, each performing two bouts of strenuous
      isometric exercise of the knee extensors. In experiment 1 (N = 27), after
      performing the first bout of exercise, groups A, B, and C performed the second
      bout 3, 6, and 9 wk later, respectively. In experiment 2 (N = 18), groups D, E,
      and F performed the second exercise bout 1, 2, and 3 wk after the first bout,
      respectively. In experiment 3, group D performed two additional exercise bouts;
      thus, this group performed a total of four bouts spaced 1 wk apart. Muscle
      soreness and CK were assessed prior to and 6, 18, and 24 (or 42) h following each
      exercise. In experiment 1, no significant difference in soreness or serum CK was
      found between bouts 1 and 2. In experiment 2, a significant decrease in the CK
      and soreness responses was found on bout 2 compared with bout 1 (P less than
      0.05). In experiment 3, serum CK and soreness responses were highest following
      bout 1 while bouts 2, 3, and 4 were not significantly different from one another.
      Performance of this isometric exercise results in an adaptation that lasts
      approximately 3 wk, with the greatest adaptation occurring after one bout.

PMID- 3386503
TI  - Effects of repeated days of intensified training on muscle glycogen and swimming
      performance.
AB  - Twelve, highly trained male swimmers were studied before, during, and after 10
      successive days of increased training in an attempt to determine the physical
      effects of training over-load. Their average training distance was increased from
      4,266 to 8,970 m.d-1, while swimming intensity was maintained at 94% (SE +/- 2%)
      of their maximal oxygen uptake, resulting in an average caloric cost during
      training of 2,293 kcal.d-1 (+/- 74). As a result of the intensified training
      regimen, the swimmers experienced local muscular fatigue and difficulty in
      completing the training sessions. Nevertheless, their swimming power, sprinting
      (s.22.86 m-1), endurance (s.365.8 m-1) performance, aerobic capacity, and muscle
      (m. deltoid) citrate synthase were unchanged as a consequence of the 10-d
      training regimen. Four of the 12 swimmers were, however, unable to tolerate the
      heavier training demands, and were forced to swim at significantly slower (P less
      than 0.05) speeds during the training sessions. These men were found to have
      significantly reduced muscle glycogen values, which was the result of their
      abnormally low carbohydrate intake. The findings of this research suggest that
      some swimmers may experience chronic muscular fatigue as a result of their
      failure to ingest sufficient carbohydrate to match the energy demands of heavy
      training.

PMID- 3386504
TI  - Physiological responses to successive days of intense training in competitive
      swimmers.
AB  - To examine the physiological responses to successive days of intense training, 12
      male collegiate swimmers doubled their training distance (4,266 +/- 264 to 8,970
      +/- 161 m.d-1) while maintaining the intensity at approximately 95% VO2max for 10
      d. Blood samples were obtained pre-exercise and immediately and 5 min after a sub
      maximal (approximately 95% VO2max) front crawl swim (365.8 m) on days 0, 5, and
      11. Swim performance was assessed from a maximal front crawl swim (365.8 m), two
      maximal front crawl sprints (22.9 m), and a semi-tethered swim power test. No
      significant changes were observed in performance. Pre-exercise serum cortisol
      (17.5 +/- 1.5, 19.5 +/- 1.6, and 20.6 +/- 1.2 micrograms.dl-1 for days 0, 5, and
      11, respectively) and creatine kinase (56.2 +/- 7.7, 93.1 +/- 10.1, and 119.0 +/-
      23.1 U.l-1 for days 0, 5, and 11, respectively) values were significantly
      elevated (P less than 0.05) on days 5 and 11 compared to day 0. Resting plasma
      catecholamine concentrations were higher but not significantly different (P
      greater than 0.05) at the end of the training period. Measurements of hemoglobin
      and hematocrit indicated a relative increase of 11.4 +/- 2.7% (P less than 0.05)
      in estimated plasma volume during the training period. Resting blood glucose
      values were unaffected by the training regimen while small but significant
      decreases in resting blood lactate values (1.01 +/- 0.06, 0.85 +/- 0.06, and 0.86
      +/- 0.06 mmol.l-1 for days 0, 5, and 11, respectively) were observed on days 5
      and 11. Resting heart rate and systolic blood pressure were not affected by the
      increased training load.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3386505
TI  - Effect of 6 d of exercise training on responses to maximal and sub-maximal
      exercise in middle-aged men.
AB  - Nine sedentary men (53 +/- 3 yr) were studied before and after 6 d of endurance
      exercise training to determine the effects on maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), and
      on the heart rate, blood pressure, and metabolic responses to a standard bout of
      steady-state sub-maximal exercise. The subjects exercised approximately 1 h.d-1
      at about 68% of VO2max. The 6-d protocol elicited no improvement in VO2max (2.50
      +/- 0.14 before vs 2.58 +/- 0.15 l.min-1 after training). Heart rates were
      significantly lower by 5 to 8 b.min-1, systolic blood pressures were reduced by
      16 to 19 mm Hg, and blood lactate concentrations were 25 to 35% less at the same
      exercise intensities (60, 70, and 80% of VO2max) after 6 d of exercise. Rate
      pressure product was about 15% lower at the same exercise intensity after 6 d of
      training (P less than 0.05). The respiratory exchange ratio during submaximal
      exercise was 0.02 to 0.04 units lower (P less than 0.05; P less than 0.01) after
      6 d of exercise, indicating a shift in substrate utilization favoring fat
      oxidation. These findings suggest that short-term endurance training can induce
      heart rate, blood pressure, and metabolic adaptations to sub-maximal exercise
      before there is a significant increase in VO2max in sedentary, middle-aged men
      who are capable of vigorous exercise.

PMID- 3386506
TI  - Physiological responses to walking with hand weights, wrist weights, and ankle
      weights.
AB  - To compare the blood pressure (BP) responses to exercise with 1.36 kg (3.0 lb)
      hand-held weights (HW), wrist weights (WW), and ankle weights (AW), 12 sedentary
      males (20.8 +/- 1.2 yr) completed three randomly assigned treadmill exercises at
      75% maximum heart rate (HR) reserve. Systolic and diastolic BPs among HW (181.2
      +/- 21.9 and 73.2 +/- 7.9 mm Hg), WW (180.1 +/- 27.2 and 71.0 +/- 10.1 mm Hg),
      and AW (183.8 +/- 26.8 and 71.7 +/- 7.8 mm Hg) were not significantly different
      (P greater than 0.05). When compared to exercise with no weights (NW), only the
      diastolic BP for HW was significantly different (+4.4 mm Hg, P less than 0.05).
      To evaluate the energy cost of exercise with HW, WW, and AW, subjects completed a
      fourth exercise at constant treadmill speed (6.3 +/- 0.3 km.h-1) and grade (6.3
      +/- 1.4%). Oxygen uptake and HR responses were greater (P less than 0.01) for HW
      (30.4 +/- 0.8 ml.min-1.kg-1; 160.6 +/- 4.0 beats.min-1), WW (30.4 +/- 0.9 ml.min
      1.kg-1; 159.7 +/- 4.6 beats.min-1), and AW (29.0 +/- 0.7 ml.min-1.kg-1; 154.6 +/-
      4.4 beats.min-1) than for exercise with NW (26.6 +/- 0.7 ml-min-1.kg-1; 147.0 +/-
      3.8 beats.min-1). Oxygen uptake and HRs for HW and WW were greater than for AW (P
      less than 0.05). Ratings of perceived exertion (Borg scale for NW (11.7 +/- 1.8),
      HW (12.1 +/- 2.0), WW (12.2 +/- 1.8), and AW (12.3 +/- 1.8) were not
      significantly different (P greater than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3386507
TI  - Hemolysis during triathlon races: its relation to race distance.
AB  - Ninety-five triathletes were evaluated for evidence of hemolysis during triathlon
      races of two different distances. Thirty competitors (11 males, 19 females) were
      studied before and after the United States Triathlon Series (USTS) National
      Championship Race (1.5K swim, 40K bike, and 10K run). Pre- and post-race venous
      blood samples showed that 93% of the USTS athletes had decreased serum
      haptoglobin, post-race (mean decrease = 20%). Seven of 30 of the USTS triathletes
      (3 males, 4 females) were found to have occult blood in their urine, post-race.
      Only two of the USTS triathletes (1 male, 1 female) were anemic as judged by pre
      race hemoglobin levels. Similar data were collected on 65 triatheletes (46 males,
      19 females) at the Hawaii IRONMAN Triathlon World Championship (3.9K swim, 180.2K
      bike, and 42.2K run). Pre- and post-race venous blood samples showed that 95% of
      the IRONMAN athletes had decreases in serum haptoglobin, post-race (mean decrease
      = 32%). Occult blood was found in the post-race urine of 19 (12 males, 7 females)
      of the IRONMAN competitors. Nineteen IRONMAN triathletes (18 males, 1 female)
      were judged to be anemic from pre-race hemoglobin measurements. Data from two
      different length triathlons suggest that nearly all triathletes break down red
      blood cells during a race, and that the extent of the hemolysis is related to
      race distance.

PMID- 3386508
TI  - Aging and the effect of increased after-load on left ventricular contractile
      state.
AB  - Hemodynamic and contractile states were studied echocardiographically in 10 young
      (28 +/- 3 yr) and 10 elderly (67 +/- 4 yr) male subjects at rest and during
      upright isometric exercise which involved the hands, hips, legs, and lower back
      muscle groups (deadlift) at 30% of maximum voluntary contraction for 3 min.
      During deadlift, both groups showed similar and significant increases in blood
      pressure and heart rate, compared to the resting values. Ejection fraction at
      rest did not differ significantly between the two groups. During deadlift, it
      remained unchanged in the elderly white ejection fraction increased significantly
      in the younger subjects. No significant changes in left ventricular end-diastolic
      volume occurred in either group during deadlift. End-systolic volume remained
      unchanged in the elderly while it decreased significantly in the younger
      subjects. These data indicate that cardiovascular responses and contractile state
      in normal young men and normal exercise-trained elderly subjects were augmented
      during upright sub-maximal isometric deadlift exercise, utilizing large muscle
      mass. However, left ventricular contractility increased less in the elderly
      subjects compared to the younger subjects.

PMID- 3386509
TI  - Antagonist muscle activity during stretching: a paradox re-assessed.
AB  - The purpose of this investigation was to examine and compare the simultaneous
      electromyographic activity from surface and implanted wire electrodes of an
      antagonist pair of muscles during a reversal stretching technique. Previous
      studies reported increased electromyographic activity of a muscle being stretched
      during antagonist muscle activation. Five male subjects performed a stretching
      method which consisted of active plantarflexion, followed by active dorsiflexion.
      Adjacent surface and implanted wire electrodes were applied to the soleus and
      tibialis anterior muscles. Comparison of the surface electrode recordings showed
      apparent cocontraction during dorsiflexion. However, no activity was observed on
      the soleus wire electrode trace during the dorsiflexion phase of the stretching
      method. Power spectral analysis showed a significant (P less than 0.001)
      frequency shift between plantarflexion (91.9 V2.Hz-1) and dorsiflexion (66.1
      V2.Hz-1) from the surface electrode recordings. Cross-correlation between
      tibialis anterior and surface soleus activity during dorsiflexion provided strong
      evidence that the apparent electromyographic soleus signal originated in the
      tibialis anterior muscle with an average of 8.7 ms delay of the surface soleus
      signal. Although not generalizable to other studies, it was concluded that in
      this study the tracings from the surface electrodes, which gave the appearance of
      co-contraction between antagonist muscles, were actually cross-talk between the
      electrodes. The rationale for antagonist contraction during stretching in order
      to inhibit contraction of the muscle being stretched is supported with this
      evidence and is consistent with those studies which show greater range of motion
      gains using the reversal technique.

PMID- 3386510
TI  - Vertical and radial motions of the body during the take-off phase of high
      jumping.
AB  - By placing the muscles of the take-off leg in faster eccentric or slower
      concentric conditions, a high jumper can increase the ground reaction force and
      the height of the jump. Film analysis of seven high jumpers showed that the
      radial velocity of the center of mass with respect to the supporting foot was
      more negative or less positive than the vertical velocity throughout the take-off
      phase. This favored faster eccentric or slower concentric conditions of the leg
      muscles. The radial distance from the hip of the take-off leg to the center of
      mass (RG/H) first decreased by 0.030 m, due to negative radial motions of the
      arms and swinging leg. This contributed to a smaller negative radial velocity of
      the hip (VRH), and thus to slower eccentric conditions of the muscles of the take
      off leg. Therefore, it may have helped to cushion the initial impact with the
      ground. Subsequently, RG/H increased by 0.120 m, due to positive radial
      velocities of the arms, the swinging leg, and the head and trunk. This
      contributed first to larger negative (and later to smaller positive) VRH values,
      and thus to faster eccentric and slower concentric conditions of the muscles of
      the take-off leg.

PMID- 3386511
TI  - Sub-cutaneous fat thickness measured by magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound,
      and calipers.
AB  - Sub-cutaneous fat thickness was measured at 12 sites on the body surface of 24
      males and 26 females using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), skinfold calipers,
      and A-mode ultrasound. The mean of the 12 fat thickness measurements and
      individual site thicknesses were compared between individuals using analysis of
      variance. In males, the mean thicknesses for ultrasound and calipers were similar
      (P greater than 0.05) but both were less than the MRI (P less than 0.001). MRI
      and ultrasound were similar in females but less than calipers (P less than
      0.001). A good between-subject correlation was found between all three methods in
      the males but only the calipers and MRI were well correlated in females. Within
      subject correlations are poor for all measures and in both sexes. Factor loadings
      for a varimax rotation of two principal components indicate that the fat is
      distributed in 1 of 2 patterns: either principally on the trunk or on the limbs.
      The principal component analysis and the result of canonical correlations
      obtained from the factor loadings confirm the findings of the analysis of
      variance, in that a general level of fatness is measurable by all three methods
      over a range of subjects. However, the pattern of fat thicknesses measured over a
      number of specific sites by one method of measurement is unlikely to be
      duplicated by either of the other two methods on the same individual.

PMID- 3386512
TI  - Iowa wrestling study: cross-validation of the Tcheng-Tipton minimal weight
      prediction formulas for high school wrestlers.
AB  - Previous research by Tcheng and Tipton developed two prediction equations
      appropriate for the estimation of minimal weight for high school wrestlers. The
      purpose of this investigation was to cross-validate these equations using
      densitometric estimates of minimal weight. Skeletal dimension measurements and
      hydrostatic weighing were completed on 220 Iowa high school wrestlers at various
      times in and out of season. High concurrent validity (r = 0.93) and small
      residual errors (less than 0.33 kg) were observed when compared to densitometric
      estimates. Regression weights were of similar magnitude to those from the
      previous study. Two new prediction models were tested. Model II enhanced the
      multiple R over previous equations to 0.962 and decreased the SEE by 25% (0.55
      kg). The equation was: Minimal Weight (lbs) = 0.49 x Current Weight (lbs) + 1.65
      x Height (inches) + 1.81 x Chest Diameter (cm) + 6.70 x Right Wrist Diameter (cm)
      + 1.35 x Chest Depth (cm) - 156.56. It was concluded that the Tcheng-Tipton
      equations or the new models could be used as valid indicators of a minimal weight
      for scholastic wrestlers.

PMID- 3386513
TI  - Modification of the Astrand-Rhyming sub-maximal bicycle test for estimating
      VO2max of inactive men and women.

PMID- 3386514
TI  - Projective Fourier angiography.
AB  - The Fourier imaging of flow is discussed, and the limitations of imaging time,
      spatial and velocity resolution, imposed on this technique when applied in
      conjunction with ECG synchronization are examined. It is argued that this method
      is best used in projective format, and in vivo examples are presented. The
      relative velocity spectrum obtained is largely system independent, and
      quantification of velocity is implicit in the Fourier technique.

PMID- 3386515
TI  - The application of depth-pulse localized 31P NMR spectroscopy to monitor tumor
      metabolism and response to chemotherapy in the rat kidney.
AB  - To illustrate the spatial variations in metabolism within tumors, 31P spectral
      data are presented from a predefined, depth-pulse localized region of a rat
      kidney impregnated with Walker sarcoma cells. These data display the changes in
      energy metabolism during infiltration of the kidney by the tumor and during
      treatment of the tumor with cyclophosphamide.

PMID- 3386516
TI  - In vivo magnetic resonance imaging of sodium in the human body.
AB  - Sodium magnetic resonance imaging of the human body in vivo has been tried and
      its clinical application is considered. A short T2 imaging algorithm with total
      volume excitation and a specialized RF coil focused to the region of interest
      have been adopted to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. Using a 1.5-T human body
      imaging system, several important organs including heart, liver, gallbladder,
      kidney, and spine have been examined to demonstrate their sodium concentration in
      vivo.

PMID- 3386517
TI  - Renal imaging studies at 1.5 and 9.4 T: effects of diuretics.
AB  - We have studied the effects of two diuretics, selective for renal cortical
      (furosemide) and inner medullary (vasopressin antagonist) water handling, in rat
      kidney at 1.5 T and find that furosemide completely dissipates the cortical-inner
      medullary T2 gradient whereas the vasopressin antagonist has little effect. This
      phenomenon appears to be related to changes in luminal water content. We also
      demonstrate the feasibility of obtaining live mouse kidney images with a
      resolution of 100 x 100 x 700 micrometers at 9.4 T.

PMID- 3386518
TI  - A magnetic resonance imaging study of experimental cerebral edema and its
      response to dexamethasone.
AB  - Vasogenic edema following cortical freezing, and its response to dexamethasone
      were studied in cats. The time course of the edema shown by MRI was the same as
      that observed by invasive techniques. Dexamethasone retards early edema formation
      and may reduce its total volume, but does not accelerate its disappearance.

PMID- 3386519
TI  - A comparison of one-shot and recovery methods in T1 imaging.
AB  - Spin-lattice (T1) relaxation times are conventionally estimated using inversion
      recovery or saturation recovery sequences. Such "recovery" methods are limited in
      magnetic resonance imaging by the long times required to collect multiple points
      along the T1 relaxation curve. This problem can be overcome by the use of "one
      shot" methods, which collect all points along the relaxation curve in a single
      excitation. We have compared the relative efficiency of these methods, on the
      basis of the signal-to-noise ratio obtained in the calculated T1 image from an
      exam time of fixed duration. We have found that a one-shot method using
      stimulated echoes has a poor efficiency. However, a method based on a technique
      first proposed by Look and Locker has an efficiency that is almost equal to the
      inversion recovery method and therefore possesses highly favorable properties for
      T1 imaging.

PMID- 3386520
TI  - A new steady-state imaging sequence for simultaneous acquisition of two MR images
      with clearly different contrasts.
AB  - We present a new steady-state imaging sequence, which simultaneously allows in a
      single acquisition the formation of two MR images with clearly different
      contrasts. The contrast of the first image is FISP-like, whereas the second image
      is strongly T2-weighted. In principle the T2 values in the image can be
      calculated from the combination of the first and second images. We also show
      calculated T2 images.

PMID- 3386521
TI  - In vivo determination of T1 and T2 in the brain of patients with severe but
      stable multiple sclerosis.
AB  - In vivo measurements of relaxation processes in multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions
      by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be important for evaluation of the
      disease activity in individual MS plaques. To obtain information of presumably
      chronic plaques, 10 patients with severe, but stable MS were investigated, using
      a whole-body superconductive MR scanner, operating at 1.5 T. By employing 12
      point (or 6-point) partial saturation inversion recovery (PSIR) and 32-echo
      multiple spin-echo sequences we measured T1 and T2 in MS plaques, white matter,
      and cortical gray matter. We also focused on the issue, whether T1 and T2
      relaxation processes in fact were monoexponential. T1 and T2 in plaques were
      found to cover a wide range, which could be explained only by inherent
      biophysical dissimilarity of the plaques, possibly due to differences in disease
      activity, edema and gliosis. T1 appeared monoexponential in all the plaques, but
      in seven cases T2 showed biexponential behavior. This was found to be most
      pronounced near the cerebrospinal fluid of the ventricles, probably caused by
      partial volume effects or increased free water content. The T2 of apparently
      normal white matter was significantly longer in MS patients than in healthy
      subjects.

PMID- 3386522
TI  - Saturation and inversion transfer studies of creatine kinase kinetics in rabbit
      skeletal muscle in vivo.
AB  - The steady-state kinetics of the creatine kinase reaction in rabbit skeletal
      muscle in vivo was investigated using inversion and saturation magnetization
      transfer techniques. Both techniques determined the forward rate of this reaction
      (creatine phosphate ATP) as approximately 0.3 s-1. This corresponds to a flux of
      10 mumol creatine phosphate/s/g muscle. The saturation transfer technique
      underestimated the reverse reaction by approximately 56%. This result is likely
      due to the participation of ATP in other interactions in skeletal muscle not
      involving creatine phosphate.

PMID- 3386523
TI  - Very rapid lactate measurement in ischemic perfused hearts using 1H MRS
      continuous negative echo acquisition during steady-state frequency selective
      excitation.
AB  - Using 1H MRS continuous negative echo acquisition during steady-state frequency
      selective excitation (CASTLE) myocardial lactate accumulation was followed in a
      globally ischemic perfused rat heart model. 1H MRS CASTLE derived lactate
      determinations were verified biochemically and were measured during ischemia and
      reperfusion (both in the absence and in the presence of a known inhibitor of
      glycolysis). In addition, using the Bloch equations modified for the effect of
      diffusion in the presence of a magnetic field gradient the theoretical dependency
      of measurements made with CASTLE upon T1, T2 and the flip angle alpha were
      demonstrated. It was found that 1H MRS CASTLE allowed for rapid identification of
      the lactate -CH3 resonance in an isolated perfused heart with little shimming
      required, and excellent water and lipid suppression. Measurements of lactate
      using this technique reflected a true difference in myocardial lactate as
      evidenced by biochemical analysis and the expected changes in tissue lactate that
      accompanied reperfusion and ischemia in the presence of a glycolytic inhibitor.
      Theoretical calculation demonstrated that the dependency of the relative signal
      intensity obtained with 1H MRS CASTLE was a complex function of T1, T2, and
      alpha. These calculations also demonstrated the theoretical feasibility of
      applying 1H MRS CASTLE to localized spectroscopy using a surface coil.

PMID- 3386524
TI  - Rapid line scan NMR angiography.
AB  - This paper describes a new technique for NMR angiography based on rapid line scan
      projection imaging and presaturation of stationary spins. The resulting line scan
      angiograms are free from both misregistration artifacts common to subtraction
      methods and motion artifacts encountered in Fourier imaging. Moreover, line scan
      angiograms may be recorded within seconds and offer arbitrary fields of view as
      well as gradient zooming without problems due to aliasing. Three-dimensional
      information is obtained by rotation of the read gradient axis generating multiple
      view angles. Experimental line scan angiograms of the forearms of healthy
      volunteers have been recorded using a Bruker 2.35-T 40-cm magnet.

PMID- 3386525
TI  - A simple method for processing NMR spectra in which acquisition is delayed:
      applications to in vivo localized 31P NMR spectra acquired using the DRESS
      technique.
AB  - It is a requirement of many localized NMR spectroscopy experiments, such as
      DRESS, that collection of the free induction decay be delayed a significant time
      after the middle of the last pulse. This leads to distortion of the spectra and
      seriously impedes the retrieval of quantitative information from these spectra. A
      technique is described in which a correction function is derived from the
      convoluted spectrum and is used to produce a spectrum with much reduced
      distortion from which quantitative information may easily be obtained by
      conventional techniques.

PMID- 3386526
TI  - Nonedited 1H NMR lactate/n-acetyl aspartate ratios and the in vivo determination
      of lactate concentration in brain.
AB  - The 1H lactate/n-acetyl aspartate ratio is commonly used for the quantitation of
      brain lactate under pathological conditions. We demonstrate that the intensity of
      the lactate methyl region in water-suppressed, nonedited 1H spectra increases
      following mild brain trauma as a result of factors other than lactate
      accumulation.

PMID- 3386527
TI  - Analysis of higher-primate phylogeny from transversion differences in nuclear and
      mitochondrial DNA by Lake's methods of evolutionary parsimony and operator
      metrics.
AB  - In the companion paper (Holmquist et al. 1988), we concluded that there is no
      agreement on either the correct branching order or differential rates of
      evolution among the higher primates, and we examined in depth why this
      uncertainty in the evolutionary understanding of our closest living relatives
      persists. Recently, Lake developed two novel methods, based on group properties
      of transition and transversion operators, that (a) permit, in principle,
      objective resolution of problems of the above type and (b) attach a statistical
      significance level to the conclusions drawn. In the present paper, we develop
      formulas for using these two methods in tandem and apply them to study
      transversion differences in (1) nuclear DNA for a 7-kb segment of the psi eta
      globin locus and a 3-kb intergenic region between the psi beta- and delta-globin
      loci and (2) mitochondrial DNA for the 896-bp fragment of Brown et al. Although
      each of these nucleotide sequence regions has its characteristic tempo and mode
      of evolution, the nuclear and mitochondrial data together, comprising a total of
      10,939 base positions, support a Homo/Pan clade at the 97% confidence level. If
      we calibrate the divergence point for humans and chimpanzees at 5 Myr,
      consideration of the transversion branch lengths for the combined nuclear data
      indicates that the gorilla lineage branched off 600,000-900,000 years prior to
      that, although the 2 sigma sampling errors do not preclude either a temporal
      trifurcation for the three species or a considerably more ancient branch point
      for the gorilla. To resolve the length of this central branch to a relative
      accuracy of 25% and 30% will require a factor of 16 and nine times more data,
      respectively--i.e., in excess of 100,000 homologous nucleotides for each of the
      four primates. For the nuclear genes, heterogeneity in evolutionary rates between
      different parts of the genome is mostly restricted to the human lineage for these
      two segments. The lineage leading to chimpanzees has evolved 0.4 (3-kb fragment)
      to 3.5 (7-kb segment) times as rapidly as the lineage leading to humans, and that
      leading to the gorilla has evolved approximately one-fifth to one-half as rapidly
      as that leading to chimpanzees. Thus, even local molecular clocks can "tick"
      badly. As significant is the fact that virtually contiguous parts of the genome
      tick at markedly different rates.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3386528
TI  - Molecular evolution of the human immunodeficiency and related viruses.
AB  - A phylogenetic tree for different human immunodeficiency viruses type 1 (HIV1)
      and type 2 (HIV2), lentiviruses, and oncoviruses has been constructed by
      comparing the nucleotide sequences of the two regions of their pol genes that
      encode the reverse transcriptase and endonuclease/integrase. The analysis
      indicates that (1) different HIV1 strains form one cluster and their common
      ancestor diverged from the ancestor of HIV2, (2) the common ancestor of the HIV1
      and HIV2 strains diverged from that of the lentivirus, and (3) the common
      ancestor of the lentivirus group and that of the oncoviruses diverged earlier
      than that. Divergence between the HIV1 and HIV2 strains seems to have occurred
      greater than 200 years ago, implying that AIDS has existed for a long time but
      went undetected. Furthermore, nonsynonymous changes are occurring uniformly
      through time, whereas synonymous changes are more variable among different
      lineages.

PMID- 3386529
TI  - The phylogenetic origin of the bifunctional tyrosine-pathway protein in the
      enteric lineage of bacteria.
AB  - Because bifunctional enzymes are distinctive and highly conserved products of
      relatively infrequent gene-fusion events, they are particularly useful markers to
      identify clusters of organisms at different hierarchical levels of a phylogenetic
      tree. Within the subdivision of gram-negative bacteria known as superfamily B,
      there are two distinctive types of tyrosine-pathway dehydrogenases: (1) a broad
      specificity dehydrogenase (recently termed cyclohexadienyl dehydrogenase [CDH])
      that can utilize either prephenate or L-arogenate as alternative substrates and
      (2) a bifunctional CDH that also posseses chorismate mutase activity. (T
      proteins). The bifunctional T-protein, thought to be encoded by fused ancestral
      genes for chorismate mutase and CDH, was found to be present in enteric bacteria
      (Escherichia, Shigella, Salmonella, Citrobacter, Klebsiella, Erwinia, Serratia,
      Morganella, Cedecea, Kluyvera, Hafnia, Edwardsiella, Yersinia, and Proteus) and
      in Aeromonas and Alteromonas. Outside of the latter "enteric lineage," the T
      protein is absent in other major superfamily-B genera, such as Pseudomonas (rRNA
      homology group I), Xanthomonas, Acinetobacter, and Oceanospirillum. Hence, the T
      protein must have evolved after the divergence of the enteric and Oceanospirillum
      lineages. 3-Deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate synthase-phe, an early
      pathway isozyme sensitive to feedback inhibition by L-phenylalanine, has been
      found in each member of the enteric lineage examined. The absence of both the T
      protein and DAHP synthase-phe elsewhere in superfamily B indicates the emergence
      of these character states at approximately the same evolutionary time.

PMID- 3386530
TI  - Relative efficiencies of the maximum parsimony and distance-matrix methods in
      obtaining the correct phylogenetic tree.
AB  - The relative efficiencies of the maximum parsimony (MP) and distance-matrix
      methods in obtaining the correct tree (topology) were studied by using computer
      simulation. The distance-matrix methods examined are the neighbor-joining,
      distance-Wagner, Tateno et al. modified Farris, Faith, and Li methods. In the
      computer simulation, six or eight DNA sequences were assumed to evolve following
      a given model tree, and the evolutionary changes of the sequences were followed.
      Both constant and varying rates of nucleotide substitution were considered. From
      the sequences thus obtained, phylogenetic trees were constructed using the six
      tree-making methods and compared with the model (true) tree. This process was
      repeated 300 times for each different set of parameters. The results obtained
      indicate that when the number of nucleotide substitutions per site is small and a
      relatively small number of nucleotides are used, the probability of obtaining the
      correct topology (P1) is generally lower in the MP method than in the distance
      matrix methods. The P1 value for the MP method increases with increasing number
      of nucleotides but is still generally lower than the value for the NJ or DW
      method. Essentially the same conclusion was obtained whether or not the rate of
      nucleotide substitution was constant or whether or not a transition bias in
      nucleotide substitution existed. The relatively poor performance of the MP method
      for these cases is due to the fact that information from singular sites is not
      used in this method. The MP method also showed a relatively low P1 value when the
      model of varying rate of nucleotide substitution was used and the number of
      substitutions per site was large. However, the MP method often produced cases in
      which the correct tree was one of several equally parsimonious trees. When these
      cases were included in the class of "success," the MP method performed better
      than the other methods, provided that the number of nucleotide substitutions per
      site was small.

PMID- 3386531
TI  - Thermolabile methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase in patients with coronary artery
      disease.
AB  - Thermostability of lymphocyte methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) was
      determined in 21 patients aged less than 50 years with proven coronary artery
      disease, and in 21 age- and sex-matched controls without clinical evidence of
      vascular disease. The mean +/- SD of residual activity after heat inactivation at
      46 degrees C for five minutes was 37.6% +/- 5.6% in the controls. In contrast,
      patients with coronary artery disease could be divided into two subgroups.
      Fifteen of them had 38.1 +/- 5.9% residual activity which was similar to that of
      the controls. In six of them the mean +/- SD residual activity after heat
      inactivation was 13.6% +/- 5.1% which was below 2 SD of the normal mean. These
      observations suggested that thermolabile MTHFR was associated with development of
      coronary artery disease.

PMID- 3386532
TI  - Free fatty acid turnover and lipolysis in septic mechanically ventilated cancer
      bearing humans.
AB  - Loss of body fat and lean body mass are features of critical illness, and
      anabolism is difficult to achieve despite parenteral nutrition. Resting energy
      expenditure (REE), free fatty acid turnover (FFT) and glycerol turnover (glyTO)
      were measured in septic, mechanically ventilated cancer-bearing patients, both
      fasting and immediately following or during a glucose infusion providing 87% of
      REE. No patient was in septic shock nor required pressor support. In the fasting
      state, REE was greatly elevated compared with basal energy expenditure calculated
      using the Harris-Benedict equations. Fasting FFT (14.2 +/- 0.9 mumol/kg/min) and
      glyTO (4.7 +/- 0.5 mumol/kg/min) were elevated compared with normal humans.
      Fasting respiratory quotient (RQ) was 0.68 +/- 0.02 and did not rise
      significantly with glucose. Fat appears to be the preferred calorie source in
      septic, cancer-bearing humans even in the presence of glucose. As similar, but
      less pronounced, changes have been seen in septic and injured humans without
      cancer, it is likely that these changes are not cancer-specific.

PMID- 3386533
TI  - Hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, acanthosis nigricans, and systemic lupus
      erythematosis associated with insulin receptor antibodies.
AB  - We report a young woman with systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE) who developed
      diabetes secondary to extreme insulin resistance, associated with severe
      hyperandrogenism and acanthosis nigricans. Her insulin resistance was found to be
      associated with high titers of insulin receptor antibodies. The hyperandrogenism
      has been favourably influenced by cyclical treatment with cyproterone acetate and
      ethinyl oestradiol, but the insulin resistance and acanthosis nigricans have
      remained unmodified after 15 months of follow up.

PMID- 3386534
TI  - Sequential changes in serum thyroglobulin, triiodothyronine, and thyroxine
      following partial thyroidectomy for nontoxic nodular goiter.
AB  - The sequential changes in serum thyroglobulin (Tg), thyroxine (T4), free
      thyroxine (FT4), triiodothyronine (T3) and thyrotropin (TSH) were evaluated in
      ten patients on whom partial thyroidectomy for nontoxic nodular goiter had been
      performed. These changes were compared with those in ten patients who underwent
      upper abdominal surgery (cholecystectomy) under similar anesthesia, and whose
      calorie and fluid intake was similar until at least 48 hours after surgery. In
      agreement with previous reports, marked elevations in serum Tg that reached peak
      concentration (660 to 1350 ng/mL) at one or two hours after the thyroid incision
      (mean +/- SD; 787 +/- 304.0 ng/mL and 839 +/- 345.7 ng/mL, respectively) were
      observed. On the other hand, the significant but minimal increases in serum T4
      and FT4 were observed at 24 hours (P less than .001 and P less than .001,
      respectively), 48 hours (P less than .01 and P less than .001, respectively), and
      72 hours (P less than .01 and P less than .01, respectively) after the thyroid
      incision compared with the level just prior to the thyroid incision. Similarly,
      serum T3 also increased significantly at 6 to 168 hours after the thyroid
      incision (P less than .01, P less than .05, P less than .05, P less than .05, and
      P less than .05, respectively). These increases in serum T4, FT4 and T3 were not
      observed in the cholecystectomy patients. The mean serum TSH levels at 24 to 72
      hours after thyroid incision and those at 6 to 48 hours after the abdominal
      incision were significantly decreased compared with those before thyroid and
      abdominal incision, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3386535
TI  - Folic acid lowers elevated plasma homocysteine in chronic renal insufficiency:
      possible implications for prevention of vascular disease.
AB  - To explore interrelations between folic acid and methionine metabolism in chronic
      renal insufficiency, we measured plasma amino acids in 21 patients with mean
      serum creatinine +/- SD of 560 +/- 240 mumol/L, after a ten-hour overnight fast,
      before and after administration of 5 mg of oral folic acid daily for 15 +/- 6
      days. Mean plasma homocysteine was 12.9 +/- 6.8 mumol/L in the patients and 4.2
      +/- 0.8 mumol/L in 24 normal controls (P less than .001), and after folic acid
      administration it declined in the patients to 6.8 +/- 2.8 mumol/L (P less than
      .0001) in linear proportion (r = .92) to the prefolate homocysteine level.
      Methionine concentrations were normal in the patients and did not change after
      folate administration, nor did elevated cysteine and creatinine. Plasma serine
      was lower (88.3 +/- 17.2 v 121 +/- 25 mumol/L, P less than .41) and declined
      further to 67.8 +/- 16.4 (P less than .0001) after folate, while prefolate
      glycine levels increased from 273.3 +/- 61.2 to 313.2 +/- 97.5 mumol/L (P less
      than .01). Serum and red-cell folate levels were normal in the patients before
      treatment. The results show that homocysteine levels are increased in chronic
      renal insufficiency, but may be lowered by folate enhancement of remethylation of
      homocysteine to methionine. Since elevated plasma homocysteine is associated with
      premature vascular disease, folic acid may reduce cardiovascular risk in chronic
      renal insufficiency.

PMID- 3386536
TI  - The expected usefulness of the hospital information system to come.

PMID- 3386537
TI  - Processing medical natural language data by the system WAREL.

PMID- 3386538
TI  - Tolerance regions for simplex-valued random variables.

PMID- 3386539
TI  - Affective state and voice: reproducibility and sensitivity of speech parameters.

PMID- 3386540
TI  - What is clinical significance?

PMID- 3386541
TI  - Midwives' attitudes to pain relief during labour and delivery.

PMID- 3386543
TI  - Variable umbilical cord care.

PMID- 3386542
TI  - Upgrading traditional midwifery in Sierra Leone: an overview with special
      reference to Koinadugu District.

PMID- 3386544
TI  - Writing for publication: writing a book.

PMID- 3386545
TI  - Clinical nursing research: a bridge between practice & research.

PMID- 3386546
TI  - Look before you leap when selecting liability insurance.

PMID- 3386547
TI  - Midwives' pay--good news for some, frustrating delays for many.

PMID- 3386548
TI  - Direct entry midwifery training. Part 1. Potential candidates.

PMID- 3386549
TI  - The future of midwifery practice: a personal view.

PMID- 3386550
TI  - Horizons in midwifery and midwifery education.

PMID- 3386551
TI  - Accountability in midwifery education.

PMID- 3386552
TI  - Homoeopathy in pregnancy. 2.

PMID- 3386553
TI  - Support after termination for fetal abnormality.

PMID- 3386554
TI  - Airway management in the resuscitation of trauma patients.
AB  - Airway management in resuscitation of the traumatized patient is a complex and
      challenging area for the health care provider and the medical engineer involved
      in the improvement of airway management instrumentation. Surgical and nonsurgical
      airway management is discussed, with emphasis placed on the instrumentation
      available and its appropriate uses and limitations. Suggestions for areas
      requiring new innovations are included.

PMID- 3386555
TI  - Advances in oxygen monitoring of trauma patients.
AB  - Monitoring the critically injured patient is imperative, to assure adequate
      resuscitation from shock. Unfortunately, the commonly monitored variables
      correlate poorly with ultimate survival. As a result, therapy is inappropriately
      focused. Invasive monitoring (by way of a pulmonary artery catheter and arterial
      cannula) permit serial determinations of parameters pertaining to oxygen delivery
      as well as oxygen consumption. These are crucial in defining the shock state as
      well as the need for therapeutic intervention. Recent advances in mixed venous
      oximetry offer alternative means of assessing the adequacy of peripheral delivery
      of oxygen. With the advent of metabolic carts, it became feasible to measure
      respiratory gas exchange to determine oxygen consumption. Complexity, expense,
      and time clearly limit practical application of that technology to a small
      percentage of patients in the intensive care unit. Unfortunately, unrecognized
      hypoxemia remains a common problem. Advances in noninvasive monitoring offer
      alternative means to assess oxygenation. Pulse oximetry and transcutaneous oxygen
      monitoring are the state of the art. The pertinent devices are easy to use,
      portable, and accurate. Knowledge of their technical and physiologic limitations
      is needed to assure reliability. Their potential role extends beyond the
      intensive care unit setting, such as with prolonged radiologic evaluation or
      difficult transportation.

PMID- 3386556
TI  - Advances in pre-hospital care: the technology of emergency medical services.
AB  - These four examples of technology and its relationship to pre-hospital care will
      be reviewed: portable defibrillators, pneumatic antishock garment, 911 systems
      with computer-aided dispatch, and aeromedical transport.

PMID- 3386557
TI  - Advances in the prevention of injuries and their effect on emergency medical
      services.
AB  - Much attention has been focused on the response to victims of injuries in the
      last two decades. During those twenty years, tremendous strides have been made in
      the medical community's ability to meet the needs of patients in the acute phase
      of treatment for traumatic injuries. Recent research has reflected these advances
      in treatment as well as equipment design and development that enable rapid
      response and access to the injured. Even with these modern miracles of treatment,
      injuries kill more citizens of the United States 1-34 yr of age than all diseases
      combined. Traumatic injury is the leading cause of death in people up to 44 yr of
      age. The emergency medical services community identifies the best "treatment" for
      traumatic injury as its prevention by means of pre-incident interventions that
      ultimately reduce the severity of the injury and the potential disablement of the
      victim.

PMID- 3386558
TI  - A compensation scheme for tape-speed variation in cassette recorders.
AB  - A scheme to reduce the data corruption caused by tape-speed variation in cassette
      recorders used for monitoring infant apnea was developed. Low-frequency timing
      information is recorded on the tape, under the constraints of the frequency
      response of the recorder, simultaneously with the other signals. This information
      is extracted during playback and multiplied to a frequency suitable for data
      sampling, using an electronic, phase-locked loop. Analog-to-digital conversion of
      the data is performed at a rate proportional to the tape speed, resulting in
      compensation for speed variation. No direct modification of the speed-control
      mechanism of the recorder is required. The scheme was evaluated by comparing
      interval measurements of recorded timing information with and without
      compensation. Compensation reduced the error of the measurement by nearly an
      order of magnitude, which was consistent with theoretical predictions. This
      allows analysis of clinical value to be performed on signals recorded by systems
      that lack sophisticated speed-control mechanisms.

PMID- 3386559
TI  - Anesthesia gas monitoring: central system or stand-alone?
AB  - Two approaches to intraoperative anesthetic gas monitoring exist today. Central,
      mass-spectrometer-based systems share cost and analyzer time among several remote
      locations. Stand-alone monitors are usually infrared analyzers and are dedicated
      to a single monitoring location. The advantages and disadvantages of each are due
      primarily to the shared versus dedicated approaches. Dedicated analyzers, while
      limited somewhat by infrared technology, offer uninterrupted, real-time analysis
      of anesthetic and respiratory gases. Central systems offer excellent monitoring
      but are limited to periodic updates of each monitored location. This article
      attempts a complete analysis of these and other factors affecting the use,
      reliability, and cost effectiveness of these two approaches to anesthesia gas
      monitoring.

PMID- 3386560
TI  - A smoke-free Australia--our bicentenary resolution?

PMID- 3386561
TI  - Measures of tobacco smoking in Australia 1974-1986 by means of a standard method.
AB  - Trends in smoking among Australian adults as based upon surveys with a standard
      method in 1974, 1976, 1980, 1983 and 1986 are presented. The percentage of male
      cigarette smokers fell from 42.2% in 1974 to 31.9% in 1986 and the percentage of
      female smokers was 29.5% in 1974 and 28.8% in 1986. Over the period of
      observation, the percentage of past smokers of both sexes climbed steadily and,
      in 1986, reached 28.1% of men and 16.8% of women.

PMID- 3386563
TI  - How do we know what Australians eat?

PMID- 3386562
TI  - The Victorian Nutrition Survey--intakes and sources of dietary fats and
      cholesterol in the Victorian population.
AB  - A random State-wide nutrition survey of the population of Victoria that was
      carried out in late 1985 demonstrated that the total fat and saturated fat intake
      of Australians had changed little since studies that were carried out in the
      1970s. However, since that time, there has been a considerable increase in the
      contribution of polyunsaturated fats with a consequent improvement in the
      polyunsaturated-to-saturated fatty-acid ratio in the diet. The survey was carried
      out by means of a postal technique and a semiquantified food-frequency
      questionnaire which allows for the characterization of usual dietary intake in
      individuals. The survey served to highlight the value of collecting nutrient,
      food and food-habits data in the same individuals and demonstrated that
      relatively cost-effective surveys of this type make feasible the regular
      continuing surveillance of the usual nutrient intakes of large numbers of
      individuals.

PMID- 3386564
TI  - Neonatal screening and an intensive management programme for galactosaemia: early
      evidence of benefits.
AB  - A prospective study of children with galactosaemia is being undertaken at the
      Metabolic Clinic, Royal Children's Hospital, Brisbane. The purpose of the study
      is to collect biochemical, clinical, dietary, developmental and speech and
      language data. This paper describes the operation of the multiprofessional
      management programme and reports results for two groups of children: those who
      were diagnosed before the introduction of neonatal screening in 1982 (the
      prescreening group) and those who were identified by screening. The eight
      children in the prescreening group have shown intellectual development in the low
      average to moderately-handicapped range. Most of them have speech and language
      difficulties. The screening group, all of whom are still in infancy or early
      childhood, appears to be developing normally, with the exception of one child who
      is showing problems with speech and language. The early results provide a basis
      for cautious optimism that neonatal screening and careful management will result
      in improved outcomes for children with galactosaemia.

PMID- 3386565
TI  - Spotty pigmentation and atrial myxoma: a case report of Carney's complex.
AB  - A case of atrial myxoma that was associated with marked spotty mucocutaneous
      pigmentation is described. The combination of these two conditions has been
      described as an easily-recognized syndrome which is familial. Other features
      which may be associated with the syndrome are cutaneous myxomas and endocrine
      tumours.

PMID- 3386566
TI  - Childhood central nervous system cysticercosis in Australia.
AB  - Cysticercosis of the central nervous system is seen infrequently in Australia.
      Most cases occur in adults, but two imported cases of neurocysticercosis in
      children are described. A 10-year-old Anglo-Indian girl presented with aseptic
      meningitis, raised intracranial pressure and a block to the flow of cerebrospinal
      fluid in the lumbar region. Laminectomy showed two cysticerci in the spinal
      subdural space. A three-year-old boy from Zimbabwe suffered a focal seizure. A
      granuloma that contained a degenerate cysticercus was found in the left parietal
      cortex. Serological examination of blood for cysticercosis was performed only in
      the second case and gave negative results. Examination of stools in both children
      gave negative results for the presence of parasites, cysts and ova.

PMID- 3386567
TI  - The Australian Tobacco Research Foundation.

PMID- 3386568
TI  - The "Grim Reaper" campaign.

PMID- 3386569
TI  - Clomiphene.

PMID- 3386570
TI  - Congenital disease in geriatric patients.

PMID- 3386571
TI  - Oral and maxillofacial surgery.

PMID- 3386572
TI  - Quinidine-induced lupus erythematosus and arthritis.

PMID- 3386573
TI  - Adult epiglottitis.

PMID- 3386575
TI  - Torture.

PMID- 3386574
TI  - Advice on weight-reduction practices.

PMID- 3386576
TI  - Effects of salbutamol.

PMID- 3386577
TI  - Hearing-aids.

PMID- 3386578
TI  - Australian patterns of tobacco smoking in 1986.
AB  - A total of 9440 Australian men and women of over 15 years of age was interviewed
      at home in 1986 to determine the prevalence and consumption levels of tobacco
      products. Current smokers were defined as those who smoked any combination of
      cigarettes, cigars or pipes regularly. The percentage of current smokers among
      men was 32.9% and among women was 28.5%, and the peak prevalence of smoking was
      in the age-group 20-24 years for both men (40.5%) and women (40.8%). Among men,
      27.7% were past smokers, and among women, 16.5% were past smokers. The proportion
      of past smokers among those who had ever smoked was higher in men (0.46) than
      among women (0.37), but in the younger age groups there was no relative excess
      among men. Male smokers consumed more cigarettes per day than did female smokers
      and men were exposed to a higher daily average amount of cigarette tar.
      Sociodemographic variables that were associated with smoking in both men and
      women included age and educational and occupational level. Asian-born persons had
      a significantly lower prevalence of smoking than did persons who were born in
      Australia.

PMID- 3386579
TI  - Interferon for treatment of genital warts.

PMID- 3386580
TI  - Electron dose calculation using multiple-scattering theory. A. Gaussian multiple
      scattering theory.
AB  - This article is the first in a series on the calculation of electron dose using
      multiple-scattering theory. In it we develop a unified theory, which we term
      Gaussian multiple-scattering theory, starting from a number of contributions
      already in the literature: the Fermi-Eyges multiple-scattering theory, the Yang
      path length distribution, the second-order multiple-scattering theory of Jette
      [Med. Phys. 12, 178 (1985)], and the diffusion theory of Bethe et al. [Proc. Am.
      Philos. Soc. 78, 573 (1938)]. After examining in detail the ramifications and
      limitations of Gaussian multiple-scattering theory, we derive basic formulas
      generalizing the Fermi-Eyges theory, for use in subsequent articles. We also find
      explicit, accurate expressions for incorporating the scattering power into the
      theory.

PMID- 3386581
TI  - Extraction of pencil beam kernels by the deconvolution method.
AB  - A method has been developed to extract pencil beam kernels from measured broad
      beam profiles. In theory, the convolution of a symmetric kernel with a step
      function will yield a function that is symmetric about the inflection point.
      Conversely, by deconvolution, the kernel may be extracted from a measured
      distribution. In practice, however, due to the uncertainties and errors
      associated with the measurements and due to the singularities produced in the
      fast Fourier transforms employed in the deconvolution process, the kernels thus
      obtained and the dose distributions calculated therefrom, often exhibit erratic
      fluctuations. We propose a method that transforms measured profiles to new,
      modified distributions so that they satisfy the theoretical symmetry condition.
      The resultant kernel from the deconvolution is then free of fluctuations. We
      applied this method to compute photon and electron dose distributions at various
      depths in water and electron fluence distributions in air. The agreement between
      measured and computed profiles is within 1% in dose or 1 mm in distance in high
      dose gradient regions.

PMID- 3386582
TI  - Calculation of dose in homogeneous phantoms for partially attenuated photon
      beams.
AB  - Measured and calculated dose distributions under attenuators, which are of
      smaller cross-sectional dimensions than the radiation field, are presented. The
      study was performed on a 4-MV linac at a source-surface distance of 120 cm on the
      beam central axis in a water phantom for several thickness and cross sections of
      lead attenuators. Dose correction factors, which are used to multiply the open
      beam data to get dose distributions under partial attenuators, depend strongly on
      attenuator parameters and on depths in phantom. A method to calculate dose
      correction factors for any combination of attenuator parameters and any phantom
      depth is presented. The calculated dose distributions under partial attenuators
      agree well with measured data, which indicates that the method can be applied in
      clinical situations.

PMID- 3386583
TI  - Measurement of the spatial Wiener spectrum of nonstorage imaging devices.
AB  - All previous methods for measuring image noise spectra require a noise
      realization, a static image, typified as a photograph which can be scanned to
      create the Wiener spectrum. We wished to analyze the spatial noise power spectrum
      at the output phosphor of a continuously irradiated imaging device, an x-ray
      image intensifier (XRII), which is incapable of image storage and thus the image
      is continually changing as a function of both time and space. Our new method
      utilizes a pair of slits to measure the relative Wiener spectrum of the
      temporally changing components of the image (i.e., x-ray quantum and XRII gain
      noises). By measuring the modulation transfer function and the Wiener spectrum of
      the same XRII on the same apparatus it was possible to demonstrate the spatial
      frequency dependence of the detective quantum efficiency. Adaptations of the
      method should permit the measurement of Wiener spectra of fluoroscopic television
      systems directly from the TV monitor.

PMID- 3386584
TI  - Image feature analysis and computer-aided diagnosis in digital radiography. 3.
      Automated detection of nodules in peripheral lung fields.
AB  - We are investigating the characteristic features of lung nodules and the
      surrounding normal anatomic background in order to develop an algorithm of
      computer vision for use as an aid in the detection of nodules in digital chest
      radiographs. Our technique involves an attempt to eliminate the background
      anatomic structures in the lung fields by means of a difference image approach.
      Then, feature-extraction techniques, such as tests for circularity, size, and
      their variation with threshold level, are applied so that suspected nodules can
      be isolated. Preliminary results of this automated detection scheme yielded high
      true-positive rates and low false-positive rates in the peripheral lung regions
      of the chest. This detection scheme, which can assist the final diagnosis by the
      clinician, has the potential to improve the early detection of lung carcinomas.

PMID- 3386585
TI  - Theoretical optimization of a split septaless xenon ionization detector for dual
      energy chest radiography.
AB  - It is proposed that digital scanned projection radiography of the chest be
      performed by using an energy-sensitive septaless xenon ionization detector (SXID)
      to obtain dual-energy images. The proposed detector is composed of a front
      region, sensitive to low-energy x rays, and a rear region, sensitive to high
      energy x rays, separated by a suitable filter layer. We have developed a simple,
      precise theoretical formulation for dual-energy optimization, and applied it to
      the split SXID. We describe the variation of optimum detector performance with
      source kilovoltage and filtration (material and thickness), and hence heat
      loading, under conditions of constant exposure and constant dose. We estimate
      dose as the average absorbed dose to an equivalent water layer of suitable
      thickness, assuming slab geometry, so that the calculation is as simple as that
      for exposure.

PMID- 3386586
TI  - Contrast in diaphanography of the breast.
AB  - Diaphanography is an imaging technique used in diagnosis of breast disease
      including cancer. The breast is illuminated with low intensity light and the
      transmission pattern of red and near-infrared radiation is detected, amplified,
      reconstructed and displayed in a monitor. The instrumentation for diaphanography
      has evolved empirically, mostly through clinical practice, without a very clear
      understanding of the scientific basis of the technique. This research is
      concerned with investigating theoretically the dependence of the contrast
      produced by a lesion in a diaphanography image on the size, depth at which a
      tumor is located, photon energy, and photon angular flux distribution. Contrast
      calculations using the DOT computer code in a two-dimensional geometry showed
      that decreasing the size of a tumor by 50% decreases the contrast by a factor of
      3 and 4 for 695- and 853-nm photons, respectively. Decreasing the size of the
      normal tissue where a tumor is imbedded by 25% (from 4 to 3 cm) does not change
      the contrast very much (less than 20%) for both 695- and 853-nm photons. The
      contrast for 950- and 695-nm photons is comparable while the values for 853-nm
      photons are smaller by a factor of 5 for similar cases. The contrast was also
      found to be dependent on the angle at which the diffuse light is detected after
      it transverses the host tissue, maximum contrast was found for 695- and 853-nm
      photons at about 55 degrees. For a detection angle of 77 degrees the contrast
      observed is 3X and 12X smaller for 695- and 853-nm photons,
      respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3386587
TI  - Computer simulation of image intensifier-based computed tomography detector:
      vascular application.
AB  - This present study reports the results of a computer simulation whose aim was to
      predict the low-contrast imaging performance of which a conventional x-ray image
      intensifier with charge coupled device (CCD) camera would be capable if
      incorporated into a computed tomography (CT) volume imager. A vascular imaging
      task was modeled in our simulation. The effects of detector noise, x-ray exposure
      levels, analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) precision and residual levels of
      detected x-ray scatter were considered. The results of this simulation indicate
      that the low-contrast imaging performance of an image intensifier-based CT system
      was most limited by the CCD detector readout noise. Given this limitation the
      detection of greater than about 100,000 detected photons/pixel/projection gave
      marginal improvement in low-contrast resolution. At these exposures 12 bit ADC
      precision resulted in little additional image noise. The effects of detecting
      scattered x rays are twofold; decreasing the signal-to-noise ratio associated
      with our modeled artery and introducing a cupping artifact. Based on the results
      from the simulation, it appears that an image intensifier-based CT system is a
      feasible concept from a noise viewpoint, if the anticipated imaging task is
      intravenous angiography.

PMID- 3386588
TI  - Data predictability for compression of digital fluorography images.
AB  - Images obtained by digital fluorography were checked for compressability. These
      images include images of coronary vessels and images of peripheral vessels. These
      images have a very low signal-to-noise ratio compared to the optical images
      usually used for developing compression methods. Configurational entropy was used
      to represent the information content of these images. Reversible prediction
      algorithms were extensively checked in a search for minimal residual information,
      enabling more efficient reversible compression. Optimal results were obtained for
      algorithms based on two or three neighboring pixels and a semiempirical rule,
      based on the noise level, was found which decides on the best approach. It was
      found that raw data images are more predictable than subtracted images although
      the latter are visually preferred.

PMID- 3386589
TI  - Parallel-plate ionization chamber response in cobalt-60 irradiated transition
      zones.
AB  - The authors study the acceptance of a Capintec parallel-plate ionization chamber.
      The Capintec chamber is used for dose measurements in a lead and polystyrene slab
      phantom irradiated with cobalt-60 gamma rays. The authors define an enhancement
      ratio to quantify the dose measurements. The enhancement ratio equals the ratio
      of dose measured with the lead slab present to dose measured under equilibrium
      conditions in polystyrene at equal primary beam attenuation. The measured
      enhancement ratio at the exit side of the lead/polystyrene interface is 25% lower
      than the Monte Carlo predicted enhancement ratio. The authors propose that
      geometric acceptance limitations of the Capintec chamber to large-angle, low
      energy electrons are the cause for this difference. A Monte Carlo simulation of
      the Capintec chamber acceptance confirms the hypothesis.

PMID- 3386590
TI  - The effect of angular spread on the intensity distribution of arbitrarily shaped
      electron beams.
AB  - Knowledge of the relative intensity distribution at the patient's surface is
      essential for pencil beam calculations of three-dimensional dose distributions
      for arbitrarily shaped electron beams. To calculate the relative intensity
      distribution, the spatial spread resulting from angular spread is convolved with
      a two-dimensional step function whose shape corresponds to the applicator
      aperture. Two different approaches to obtain angular spread or the equivalent
      spatial spread are investigated. In the first method, the pencil beam angular
      spread is assumed to be Gaussian in shape. The angular spread constants (sigma
      theta) are then obtained from the slopes of measured intensity profiles. In the
      second method, the angular spread, in the form of an array of numerical values,
      is obtained by the deconvolution of measured intensity profiles. After obtaining
      the angular spread, the calculation for convolution is done in a number of
      parallel planes normal to the central axis at various distances from the electron
      collimator. Intensity at any arbitrary point in space is computed by
      interpolating between intensity distributions in adjacent planes on either side
      of the point. The effects of variations in angular spread as a function of field
      size for two treatment machines, one with a scanned electron beam and the other
      with a scattering foil, have been studied. The consequences of assuming angular
      spread to be of Gaussian shape are also examined. The electron intensity
      calculation techniques described in this paper apply primarily to methods of dose
      calculations that employ pencil beams generated using Monte Carlo simulations.

PMID- 3386591
TI  - Bootstrap sensitometry for nuclear medicine.
AB  - A full radioscintigraphic monitor/film system sensitometric curve has been
      obtained utilizing a bootstrap technique in which individual characteristic curve
      segments, obtained from stepwedge-graded exposures, are tied together at the
      point of overlap. Curve segments were first smoothed by employing the linearized
      form of the logistic distribution function. This function allows calculation of
      gradient-exposure and gradient-density relations for the full characteristic
      curve.

PMID- 3386592
TI  - Fiberglass limb phantoms: fabrication and use for quantitative scintigraphy.
AB  - Quantitative radionuclide scintigraphy often requires empirical calibration
      factors derived from phantoms which simulate the radioactivity distribution,
      tissue geometry and tissue composition of the region of interest. This paper
      describes a method in which casts made with fiberglass tape of the region of
      interest. This paper describes a method in which casts made with fiberglass tape
      are used to form realistic, water-fillable phantoms of the limbs. Phantoms were
      constructed for the hind legs of the dog and rabbit, species frequently used in
      developing new radioscintigraphic techniques. Leg bones removed from euthanized
      animals were mounted anatomically within the casts. The dimensions of the phantom
      cavities were determined by x-ray computed tomography. A procedure was developed
      for orienting the phantoms to match the hind leg geometry of a given experimental
      setup. Use of the phantoms for image activity calibration is illustrated for a
      geometric-mean counting technique used to determine 99mTc activity densities in
      soft-tissue regions of the dog thigh. Generalization of the calibration technique
      to planar and tomographic imaging is straightforward. In situ measurements of
      99mTc activity density obtained by external counting were compared with in vitro
      radioassays of excised tissue. For 22 tissue samples obtained from four dogs, the
      in situ and in vitro data were linearly correlated (r = 0.98, p much less than or
      equal to 0.001) over a 50-fold range of activity density. The mean and standard
      deviation of the observed percent discrepancies [% discrepancy = 100 (in situ -
      in vitro)/in vitro] were (7.8 +/- 2.9) and (13.7 +/- 2.1), respectively.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3386593
TI  - Detection of small radiation sources: the effect of mode of count-rate
      presentation.
AB  - We used an observer-performance study to compare four different modes of
      presenting count-rate data from a radiation detector. Observers searched for
      small, concealed radioactive sources using a hand-held radiation-detector probe.
      The modes of count-rate presentation were a ratemeter, howler, multichannel
      scaler, and HRM III. The HRM III calculates the statistical significance of the
      difference between current and previous count rates and presents the result as an
      audio signal. We tested six observers with each mode of count-rate presentation,
      calculated receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and used the areas
      under the ROC curves to compare the different modes. Observer performance was
      better with the multichannel scaler and HRM III than with either the ratemeter or
      the howler. The results suggest that observer performance with devices that use
      ratemeters or howlers can be enhanced by improving the mode of count-rate
      presentation.

PMID- 3386594
TI  - A comparison of the speeds of three convolution algorithms.
AB  - The speeds of three computer algorithms suitable for use in three-dimensional
      radiotherapy planning codes were compared. Two of the algorithms are based on ray
      tracing methods, the first algorithm uses a fast ray-tracing procedure directly
      and the second employs a table lookup procedure; the table was originally
      calculated by ray tracing. The third algorithm was a convolution procedure using
      the fast Fourier transform. Benchmark programs were written to compare the
      fundamental running speeds of the three algorithms operating on three-dimensional
      arrays of various sizes. The convolution procedure employing the three
      dimensional fast Fourier transform had the shortest running times on a VAX/750
      (Digital Equipment Corp.) computer. We concluded that this algorithm holds
      significant potential for practical three-dimensional dose calculations.

PMID- 3386595
TI  - The exposure rate constant for a silver wire 125I seed.
AB  - The physical characteristics of the newer silver wire 125I seed were measured
      with a scintillation spectrometer to compare them with those of the original gold
      sphere 125I seed. The exposure rate constant was determined by converting the
      count rate from a scintillation spectrometer into the photon-fluence rate
      incident upon the detector, then calculating the exposure rate from the photon
      fluence rate. The exposure rate constant measured perpendicular to the long axis
      of the seed is 1.361 R cm2/mCi h (1.192 cGy cm2/mCi h) +/- 3.7%, a value that
      compares favorably with the theoretical exposure rate constant of 1.354 R cm2/mCi
      h (1.186 cGy cm2/mCi h) calculated from the 125I emissions data. A value of 1.309
      R cm2/mCi h was previously reported for the gold sphere 125I seed using the same
      technique. The angular intensity distribution and anisotropy factor of the silver
      wire 125I seed are shown to be very similar to those of the gold sphere 125I
      seed, leading to the conclusion that the clinical application of the two types of
      125I seeds need not change.

PMID- 3386596
TI  - Resonator coils for magnetic resonance imaging at 6 MHz.
AB  - The Alderman and Grant design of the slotted tube resonator has been modified
      with a different lumped capacitor distribution to obviate the need for a balanced
      electrical feed at low frequencies (6 MHz). A saddle coil resonator and a strip
      line resonator have been tuned with similar lumped capacitor distributions to
      obtain electrically balanced resonance.

PMID- 3386597
TI  - Correction for intensity falloff in surface coil magnetic resonance imaging.
AB  - A method has been developed to compensate for sensitivity variation in surface
      coil images. An algorithm to derive the surface coil profile by acquiring a crude
      body coil image of the region under study is presented and tested using a
      homogeneous phantom. Practical application is demonstrated on images of a tomato
      and rabbit acquired with a 2 T 33-cm bore magnetic resonance imager/spectrometer.

PMID- 3386598
TI  - Investigations on the near surface dose for three 10-MV x-ray beam accelerators
      with emphasis on the reduction of electron contamination.
AB  - A study of three 10-MV x-ray clinical accelerators with emphasis on the reduction
      of electron contamination was conducted. This study, which was performed with
      different types of trays and filters, suggests that, at 100-cm source-surface
      distance (SSD), Pb can be used as an effective filter material up to 30 X 30 cm2;
      however, due to its transparency, a Clear-Pb tray is useful for field sizes up to
      a 20 X 20 cm2. Percent depth doses for a few selected depths and field sizes at
      this nominal SSD were examined. No significant differences, with the exception of
      the location of Dmax, amongst the three accelerators were noticed.

PMID- 3386599
TI  - Dosimetric aspects of the therapeutic photon beams from a dual-energy linear
      accelerator.
AB  - Parameters of the photon beams (6 and 20 MV) from a dual-energy linear
      accelerator (Mevatron-KD, Siemens Medical Laboratories, CA) are presented. The
      depth dose characteristics of the photon beams are dmax of 1.8 and 3.8 cm and
      percentage depth dose of 68% and 80% at 10-cm depth and 100-cm source-surface
      distance for a field size of 10 X 10 cm2 for 6 and 20 MV, respectively. The 6 and
      20 MV beams were found to correspond to nominal accelerating potentials of 4.7
      and 17 MV, respectively. The stability of output is within +/- 1% and flatness
      and symmetry are within +/- 3%. These figures compare favorably with the
      manufacturer's specifications.

PMID- 3386600
TI  - A survey of the information gained from planning treatment with a computer.
AB  - We designed a questionnaire to be filled out by the physicist at the time of
      planning treatment with the aid of a computer in order to assess what was learned
      during the course of the planning session. We analyzed the results to gauge the
      impact of the 70 treatment planning sessions conducted during the one month
      period in our department in which questionnaires were completed (about 72% of all
      external beam plans made in that period). In 65 instances (93%) an initial
      judgment as to how treatment would be delivered had already been made and in 56
      of these cases the patient's treatment had already been simulated by the time the
      computer calculation was made. Changes in the intended plan were made in eight of
      the 65 cases (12%). In 38% of the cases, more than one plan was developed and,
      when this was the case, on average records of 2.6 plans were made. Those
      performing the plans were asked to judge their value to the overall treatment of
      the patient, and the results were as follows: essential-19 cases (27%); very
      helpful-22 cases (31%); and somewhat helpful-29 cases (41%).

PMID- 3386601
TI  - Lead shielding thickness for dose reduction of 6-MeV electrons for different
      square fields.
AB  - The relative percent dose reduction by lead (Pb) of 6-MeV electrons produced by
      Clinac 1800 for 6 X 6, 10 X 10, 15 X 15, 20 X 20, and 25 X 25 cm2 cones both with
      and without buildup is measured. The thickness of Pb required to attenuate the
      intensity of the primary electron beam to 95% and 98% depends upon the cone size
      and upon the depth in phantom at which transmission measurements are made.

PMID- 3386602
TI  - An improved technique for aligning the light field with the radiation fields on
      radiotherapy accelerators.
AB  - An improved scheme has been developed for measuring the coincidence of the light
      field and radiation fields of a radiotherapy accelerator. Scans of the light and
      radiation fields are made sequentially using a photodiode on standard field
      plotting apparatus. By superimposing the two plots, differences between the two
      fields' boundaries can be accurately determined. The technique is simple and
      avoids uncertainties inherent in common techniques employing film.

PMID- 3386603
TI  - [Effects of long-term administration of an iodine-containing mouthwash on iodine
      uptake and thyroid function].

PMID- 3386604
TI  - [Current responsibility of clinical endocrinology. Report of the experience of
      the Essen department of clinical endocrinology over a 15-year period].

PMID- 3386605
TI  - [Syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH) in hypophyseal tumors].

PMID- 3386606
TI  - [Turner's syndrome in iso-X-chromosome 46,Xi(Xq)].

PMID- 3386607
TI  - [Role of sequential Tc99m-MDP and Ga-67 scintigraphy in the diagnosis of
      osteoarticular infections].

PMID- 3386608
TI  - [Congenital cystic dilatation of the common bile duct. Apropos of a case].

PMID- 3386609
TI  - [Retinopathy of prematurity: risk factors].

PMID- 3386610
TI  - [Anticore IgM in children with chronic hepatitis B].

PMID- 3386611
TI  - [Multicenter trial of an intravenous macrolide in lower respiratory tract
      infections in childhood].

PMID- 3386612
TI  - Miss America helps ANA fight the shortage. Interview by Cathy Koeppen.

PMID- 3386613
TI  - Beginnings.

PMID- 3386614
TI  - Nutritional assessment of adults with end-stage hepatic failure.

PMID- 3386615
TI  - [Changes in various activation indices as a function of the value given by a
      stimulus in anhedonic and deprossogenic subjects].
AB  - The aim of this experiment was to investigate, in "normal" subjects, the
      relationship between personality characteristics (anhedonia and depressogenic
      attitudes) and various tonic and phasic activation indices (EEG power spectra,
      CNV (at Fz and Cz), heart rate and reaction time) recorded during auditory
      stimulations, and the influence of the affective value of stimuli on phasic
      activation indices. Eighteen subjects were divided into two opposite groups
      according to their scores on two self-rating questionnaires (the Chapman Physical
      Anhedonia Scale and the Beck-Weissman Dysfunctional Attitude Scale): the A group
      (anhedonic with depressogenic attitudes) and the H group (hedonic and non
      depressogenic). The experiment was divided into three phases. The first and third
      phase utilised an identical classical CNV paradigm. During the second phase, two
      of the three neutral warning tones of the first phase were given, by
      conditioning, a positive or a negative value. The results showed that: 1) before
      conditioning, when all stimuli were neutral, all activation indices (tonic and
      phasic) were significantly higher in the A group than in the H group; 2) after
      conditioning, the two groups differed mainly by their cortical reactivity to the
      positively conditioned sound: the amplitude of the two CNV components increased
      in the H group whereas a tendency to a CNV decrease was seen in the A group; 3)
      all the between-group CNV differences were significant only at Fz. These results
      were discussed in terms of differences of optimal level of activation.

PMID- 3386616
TI  - [Conduction velocities of motor, cutaneous sensory, and IA proprioceptive fibers
      in normal newborn infant at term].
AB  - Conduction velocities of non-nociceptive cutaneous and IA afferent fibres and
      alpha-motor fibres from ulnar, median, deep peroneal, posterior tibial and sural
      nerves have been measured in healthy full-term newborns, using surface
      electrodes. There is an overlapping in the distribution of the individual values
      of conduction velocities for the different types of fibres. The conduction
      velocities of cutaneous afferent fibres are not different in the upper or lower
      limbs. The conduction velocities of motor and IA fibres are higher in the upper
      than in the lower limb. In the upper limb, conduction velocities of IA fibres are
      higher than those of motor fibres, as they are in the lower limb for the
      posterior tibial nerve. Moreover, conduction velocities of motor fibres do not
      differ in males and females.

PMID- 3386617
TI  - [Joint meeting of the Swiss Association and the French-Language Society of
      Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology. Lausanne (Switzerland), 12
      13 June 1987. Abstracts].

PMID- 3386618
TI  - Extreme somatosensory evoked potentials (ESEPs) elicited by tapping of hands or
      feet in children: a somatosensory cerebral evoked potentials study.
AB  - Six children with tactile-evoked spikes in the EEG, also defined as extreme
      somatosensory evoked potentials (ESEPs), underwent an SEPs study in order to
      define the characteristics of such evoked potentials. Short-latency SEPs showed
      normal mean latency and amplitude values. Mid- or long-latency SEPs of abnormally
      high amplitude were recorded after stimulation of one or more extremities. Such
      extreme responses which showed the same reactivity proper to normal long-latency
      SEPs could be considered to correspond to the evoked spikes in the EEG.

PMID- 3386619
TI  - [Comparative study of the amplitude, surface and duration of the pre- and post
      imperative waves of the CNV (contingent negative variation) in a group of 40
      schizophrenic and schizo-affective patients as compared with normal subjects].
AB  - In 27 normal adult subjects, pre- and postimperative phases of the CNV had an
      homogeneous pattern. The return to the baseline was of short duration (320 +/-
      170 msec) whatever the amplitude and surface. This is in favor of an active
      mechanism terminating the CNV. In 27 schizophrenic and 13 schizoaffective
      patients, pre- and postimperative phases of the CNV were heterogeneous in
      character suggesting the possibility of multiple disturbances. When present, the
      preimperative negativity was of lower amplitude and had a delayed return to the
      baseline with a wider dispersion. In the patients with preimperative negativity
      followed by a PINV (postimperative negative variation), a linear relationship has
      been found between the amplitudes of the two waves.

PMID- 3386620
TI  - [Memory, attention and evoked potentials during aging and in Alzheimer type
      senile dementia].
AB  - A study of event-related brain potentials (ERPs) in Alzheimer type dementia has
      been performed on 6 elderly subjects (mean age: 67.5). Patients were included if
      they met DSM-III criteria for primary degenerative dementia. They presented
      important loss of memory function (in short-term memory-STM and long-term memory
      LTM) and impairment of attention. They were compared to two groups: normal
      elderly subjects with no memory trouble and no attention dysfunction (12
      subjects, mean age: 66) and elderly subjects with minor trouble in STM and little
      attention disturbance (6 subjects, mean age: 68.5). The chosen procedure is a
      dichotic listening and selective attention paradigm. Three series of tone bursts
      occurred in counterbalanced order (frequent tones: 1,000 Hz, 2,000 Hz; rare
      tones: 1,450 Hz). Rare/frequent ratio was 10/90. Subjects were asked to press a
      key to the rare tones. During the task, ERPs are recorded with 16 electrodes
      (cross montage), using 2 different reference electrodes sites: nasion and 7th
      vertebra. Results are displayed with the use of chronograms, spatio-temporal
      maps, reaction time histograms. In Alzheimer's group compared to the 2 others:
      N100, N200, P300 are significantly delayed in latency. P300 has a smaller
      amplitude. In Alzheimer's, P300 distribution on the scalp is more frequently
      founded of greater amplitude on the frontal region than on the centro-parietal
      region while the opposite is found in normal subjects. These results suggest that
      memory trouble or attention dysfunction are well correlated with the
      abnormalities of the ERPs.

PMID- 3386621
TI  - [Visual evoked potentials and attention processes in depression].
AB  - The study of the attention process during depression has been realized with the
      recording of visual evoked potential (VEP) by simple pattern reversal
      checkerboard and in sequences where a rare stimulus appears randomly, with or
      without task. The recordings obtained on fifty patients have been compared to the
      VEP obtained on fifteen reference subjects. The results indicate that some
      perturbations, characteristic of the depressive state, should happen at the both
      levels of attentional selection, early (P1 and N1 components) and late (P3
      component). The responses of the depressive patients appear to reflect rather an
      intervention of automatic attention process.

PMID- 3386622
TI  - [Sleep and dreams in Korsakoff's amnesia due to alcoholism].
AB  - Sleep and dreams in 15 chronic alcoholic patients with amnesia were compared with
      sleep and dreams of 15 age- and sex-adjusted normal subjects. The patients were
      subjected to psychological tests in order to determine their I.Q. and their
      memory disturbances. All subjects had two nights of polygraphic recordings; the
      first tested the natural sleep organization. During the second night, they were
      awakened 7 min after the onset of each REM sleep episode, and, at least once, 20
      min after the onset of a stage II episode, in order to record on a tape their
      dream reports according to a standardized protocol. The sleep patterns of the
      amnesic patients did not show any significant alteration. However, after wakening
      during the night, patients exhibited a higher tendency to return to REMS than
      controls. There was still some dream activity in those patients, although
      noticeably less frequently, and their dream activity had a very poor verbal
      expression. However, there was no change with respect to the spatio-temporal
      organization, sensorial perceptions, motor activity and verbalizations during
      their dreams.

PMID- 3386623
TI  - [Multifocal epileptic crises following mumps].
AB  - A 15 years-old girl with no previous history of epilepsy or neurological disease
      presented three types of epileptic symptoms the same day: 1) clusters of rhythmic
      myoclonus of the left hemiface; 2) episodes of painful paresthesias of the left
      arm followed by secondary generalised seizures; 3) episodes of elementary visual
      hallucinations of the right hemifield. She had several seizures each hour and
      some were recorded. There were no EEG abnormalities during the facial myoclonus
      but rapid rhythms were seen during the sensory and visual partial seizures on the
      right parietal and left occipital lobes. There was no fever and no drowsiness.
      The CSF tap showed pleocytosis. Serological studies indicated recent mumps. The
      drugs were initially inefficient. The seizures disappeared after a month. The
      drugs were stopped after three months and the seizures had not relapsed after a
      one year's follow-up. Though there were no other sign of encephalitis, we believe
      that episode of multifocal seizures was due to mumps encephalitis.

PMID- 3386624
TI  - [Recommendations for the multiple sleep latency test].

PMID- 3386625
TI  - All-terrain vehicles: Missouri takes a stand.

PMID- 3386626
TI  - Legal peril in home health care. Standards of care for modern-day house calls.

PMID- 3386627
TI  - Hysterectomy. A comparative statistical study of abdominal vs. vaginal
      approaches.

PMID- 3386628
TI  - A fragile site in the human U2 small nuclear RNA gene cluster is revealed by
      adenovirus type 12 infection.
AB  - Using in situ hybridization, we found that the U2 small nuclear RNA gene cluster
      mapped very close to and was frequently disrupted by the gaps and breaks induced
      specifically in the human 17q21-q22 region by highly oncogenic adenovirus type 12
      (Ad12). Restriction mapping revealed no structural alterations in the U2 gene
      locus as a result of Ad12 infection. Likewise, no Ad12-induced alterations in U2
      RNA levels were detected. We estimate that the maximum size of the region
      specifically disrupted by this virus was less than 350 to 700 kilobases. A
      comparison of these data with similar data regarding biochemically induced
      fragile sites was made.

PMID- 3386629
TI  - Differential expression of individual members of the histone multigene family due
      to sequences in the 5' and 3' regions of the genes.
AB  - Histone proteins are encoded by a multigene family. The H3.2(614) and H2a(614)
      genes are present as single copies which are expressed at high levels, accounting
      for 30 to 40% of the H3 and H2a mRNAs, respectively, in different types of mouse
      cells. The other genes which have been isolated each contribute only a very small
      amount to the total type-specific mRNA pool. We demonstrate here that the
      differences in the level of expression of these genes are partly due to
      differences in their transcription rates. To investigate the sequences
      responsible for these differences in expression among the members of each family,
      we carried out DNA-mediated gene transfer experiments with both intact and
      chimeric histone genes. The 5' region of a highly expressed gene [H3.2(614) or
      H2a(614)] was attached to the 3' region of a histone gene which was expressed at
      low levels (H3-221 or H2a-291) and vice versa. The results show that sequences in
      both the 5' and 3' regions of the H3.2(614) and H2a(614) genes contribute to
      their high level of mRNA production by two independent mechanisms. The effect of
      the 3' sequences on mRNA accumulation has been narrowed to a 65-base-pair region
      including the 3'-terminal palindrome and downstream signal implicated in mRNA
      processing.

PMID- 3386630
TI  - Nuclear DNA synthesis in vitro is mediated via stable replication forks assembled
      in a temporally specific fashion in vivo.
AB  - A cell-free nuclear replication system that is S-phase specific, that requires
      the activity of DNA polymerase alpha, and that is stimulated three- to eightfold
      by cytoplasmic factors from S-phase cells was used to examine the temporal
      specificity of chromosomal DNA synthesis in vitro. Temporal specificity of DNA
      synthesis in isolated nuclei was assessed directly by examining the replication
      of restriction fragments derived from the amplified 200-kilobase dihydrofolate
      reductase domain of methotrexate-resistant CHOC 400 cells as a function of the
      cell cycle. In nuclei prepared from cells collected at the G1/S boundary of the
      cell cycle, synthesis of amplified sequences commenced within the immediate
      dihydrofolate reductase origin region and elongation continued for 60 to 80 min.
      The order of synthesis of amplified restriction fragments in nuclei from early S
      phase cells in vitro appeared to be indistinguishable from that in vivo. Nuclei
      prepared from CHOC 400 cells poised at later times in the S phase synthesized
      characteristic subsets of other amplified fragments. The specificity of fragment
      labeling patterns was stable to short-term storage at 4 degrees C. The occurrence
      of stimulatory factors in cytosol extracts was cell cycle dependent in that
      minimal stimulation was observed with early G1-phase extracts, whereas maximal
      stimulation was observed with cytosol extracts from S-phase cells. Chromosomal
      synthesis was not observed in nuclei from G1 cells, nor did cytosol extracts from
      S-phase cells induce chromosomal replication in G1 nuclei. In contrast to
      chromosomal DNA synthesis, mitochondrial DNA replication in vitro was not
      stimulated by cytoplasmic factors and occurred at equivalent rates throughout the
      G1 and S phases. These studies show that chromosomal DNA replication in isolated
      nuclei is mediated by stable replication forks that are assembled in a temporally
      specific fashion in vivo and indicate that the synthetic mechanisms observed in
      vitro accurately reflect those operative in vivo.

PMID- 3386631
TI  - Transcriptional regulation of the Arabidopsis thaliana chalcone synthase gene.
AB  - We have cloned an Arabidopsis thaliana chalcone synthase (CHS) gene on the basis
      of cross-hybridization with a Petroselinum hortense CHS cDNA clone. The protein
      sequence deduced from the A. thaliana CHS DNA sequence is at least 85% homologous
      to the CHS sequences from P. hortense, Antirrhinum majus, and Petunia hybrida.
      Southern blot analysis indicated that CHS is a single-copy gene in A. thaliana.
      High-intensity light treatment of A. thaliana plants for 24 h caused a 50-fold
      increase in CHS enzyme activity and an accumulation of visibly detectable levels
      of anthocyanin pigments in the vegetative structures of these plants. A
      corresponding increase in the steady-state level of CHS mRNA was detected after
      high-intensity light treatment for the same period of time. The accumulation of
      CHS mRNA in response to high-intensity light was due, at least in part, to an
      increased rate of transcription of the CHS gene as demonstrated by nuclear runoff
      experiments.

PMID- 3386632
TI  - Nuclear pre-mRNA processing in plants: distinct modes of 3'-splice-site selection
      in plants and animals.
AB  - The report that human growth hormone pre-mRNA is not processed in transgenic
      plant tissues (A. Barta, K. Sommergruber, D. Thompson, K. Hartmuth, M.A. Matzke,
      and A.J.M. Matzke, Plant Mol. Biol. 6:347-357, 1986) has suggested that
      differences in mRNA splicing processes exist between plants and animals. To gain
      more information about the specificity of plant pre-mRNA processing, we have
      compared the splicing of the soybean leghemoglobin pre-mRNA with that of the
      human beta-globin pre-mRNA in transfected plant (Orychophragmus violaceus and
      Nicotiana tabacum) protoplasts and mammalian (HeLa) cells. Of the three introns
      of leghemoglobin pre-mRNA, only intron 2 was correctly and efficiently processed
      in HeLa cells. The 5' splice sites of the remaining two introns were faithfully
      recognized, but correct processing of the 3' sites took place only rarely (intron
      1) or not at all (intron 3); cryptic 3' splice sites were used instead. While the
      first intron in human beta-globin pre-mRNA was not spliced in transfected plant
      protoplasts, intron 2 processing occurred at a low level, indicating that some
      mammalian introns can be recognized by the plant intron-splicing machinery.
      However, excision of intron 2 proved to be incorrect, involving the authentic 5'
      splice site and a cryptic 3' splice site. Our results indicate that the mechanism
      of 3'-splice-site selection during intron excision differs between plants and
      animals. This conclusion is supported by analysis of the 3'-splice-site consensus
      sequences in animal and plant introns which revealed that polypyrimidine tracts,
      characteristic of animal introns, are not present in plant pre-mRNAs. It is
      proposed that an elevated AU content of plant introns is important for their
      processing.

PMID- 3386633
TI  - mRNA synthesis rates in vivo for androgen-inducible sequences in mouse kidney.
AB  - A method was developed for measuring in vivo rates of mRNA synthesis in mice by
      pulse-labeling with the RNA precursor [3H]orotate and then using hybridization to
      recover specific mRNAs. The efficiency of recovery is determined with synthetic
      RNAs as internal hybridization standards. The method is particularly applicable
      to the kidney since this organ shows a strong preferential uptake of the label.
      Rates of synthesis, expressed as a fraction of total RNA synthesis, were measured
      for the androgen-inducible mRNAs coding for beta-glucuronidase (GUS), ornithine
      decarboxylase (ODC), the protein coded by the RP-2 gene, and the so-called kidney
      androgen-regulated protein (KAP). Control mRNAs coded for beta-actin,
      phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, and major urinary protein. Testosterone
      markedly increased the synthesis of the androgen-inducible mRNAs, but not the
      control mRNAs. Induction was not seen in mutant mice lacking functional androgen
      receptor protein. For GUS, ODC, and RP-2 mRNAs, the fold induction of synthesis
      was less than the fold induction of concentration, suggesting that mRNA
      stabilization also plays a part in the response to androgen. For GUS, ODC, and RP
      2 mRNAs, but not KAP mRNA, induction of synthesis was rapidly reversed after
      testosterone removal. KAP mRNA was also exceptional in that its concentration was
      disproportionately high compared with its rate of synthesis, implying that it is
      a particularly stable mRNA.

PMID- 3386634
TI  - Replication program of active and inactive multigene families in mammalian cells.
AB  - In a comprehensive study, the temporal replication of tissue-specific genes and
      flanking sequences was compared in nine cell lines exhibiting different tissue
      specific functions. Some of the rules we have determined for the replication of
      these tissue specific genes include the following. (i) Actively transcribed genes
      usually replicate during the first quarter of the S phase. (ii) Some
      immunoglobulin genes replicate during the first half of S phase even when no
      transcriptional activity is detected but appear to replicate even earlier in cell
      lines where they are transcribed. (iii) Nontranscribed genes can replicate during
      any interval of S phase. (iv) Multigene families arranged in clusters of 250
      kilobases or less define a temporal compartment comprising approximately one
      quarter of S phase. While these rules, and others that are discussed, apply to
      the tissue-specific genes studied here, all tissue-specific genes may not follow
      this pattern. In addition, housekeeping genes did not follow some of these rules.
      These results provide the first molecular evidence that the coordinate timing of
      replication of contiguous sequences within a multigene family is a general
      property of the mammalian genome. The relationship between replication very early
      during S phase and the transcriptional activity within a chromosomal domain is
      discussed.

PMID- 3386635
TI  - Structure and transcription of the actin gene of Trypanosoma brucei.
AB  - In Trypanosoma brucei, the actin gene is present in a cluster of two, three, or
      four tandemly linked copies, depending on the strain. Each cluster seems to exist
      in two allelic versions, as suggested by the polymorphism of both gene number and
      restriction fragment length in the DNA from cloned trypanosomes. The
      amplification of the gene copy number probably occurs through unequal sister
      chromatid exchange. The chromosomes harboring the actin genes belong to the large
      size class. The coding sequence was 1,128 nucleotides long and showed 60 to 70%
      homology to other eucaryotic actin genes. Surprisingly, this homology seemed
      weaker with Trypanosoma congolense, Trypanosoma cruzi, Trypanosoma vivax,
      Trypanosoma mega, or Leishmania actin-specific sequences. The mRNA was around 1.6
      kilobases long and was synthesized at the same level in bloodstream and procyclic
      forms of the parasite. Large RNA precursors, up to 7.7 kilobases, were found in a
      pattern identical in strains containing either two or three gene copies. Probing
      of the flanking regions of the gene with either steady-state or in vitro
      transcripts, as well as S1 nuclease protection and primer extension experiments,
      allowed mapping of the 3' splice site of the actin mRNA, 38 nucleotides upstream
      from the translation initiation codon. A variably sized poly(dT) tract was found
      about 30 base pairs ahead of the splice site. The largest detected actin mRNA
      precursor seemed to give rise to at least two additional stable mRNAs. The RNA
      polymerase transcribing the actin gene exhibited the same sensitivity to
      inhibition by alpha-amanitin as that transcribing both the spliced leader and the
      bulk of polyadenylated mRNAs.

PMID- 3386637
TI  - Clinical aspects of IgG subclasses and therapeutic implications. 2nd workshop.
      Interlaken, May 4 and 5, 1987. Proceedings.

PMID- 3386638
TI  - Immunoglobulin treatment of patients with selective IgG subclass and IgA
      deficiency states.

PMID- 3386636
TI  - Classification and purification of proteins of heterogeneous nuclear
      ribonucleoprotein particles by RNA-binding specificities.
AB  - Several proteins of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) particles
      display very high binding affinities for different ribonucleotide homopolymers.
      The specificity of some of these proteins at high salt concentrations and in the
      presence of heparin allows for their rapid one-step purification from HeLa
      nucleoplasm. We show that the hnRNP C proteins are poly(U)-binding proteins and
      compare their specificity to that of the previously described cytoplasmic poly(A)
      binding protein. These findings provide a useful tool for the classification and
      purification of hnRNP proteins from various tissues and organisms and indicate
      that different hnRNP proteins have different RNA-binding specificities.

PMID- 3386639
TI  - Intravenous immune serum globulin replacement in hypogammaglobulinemia. A
      comparison of high- versus low-dose therapy.

PMID- 3386640
TI  - Replacement therapy in IgG4-deficient patients.

PMID- 3386641
TI  - IgG replacement therapy in IgG subclass-deficient children.

PMID- 3386642
TI  - Survival of antigen-specific antibody following administration of intravenous
      immunoglobulin in patients with primary immunodeficiency diseases.
AB  - To measure the survival of IgG, IgG subclasses and antigen-specific antibody in
      immune-deficient patients, we infused 4 patients with X-linked agammaglobulinemia
      (XLA) and 6 patients with common variable immune deficiency (CVID) with modified
      immunoglobulin at a dose of 400 mg/kg per month until steady state was reached.
      Following the 8th monthly infusion, serial samples were obtained and analyzed for
      serum concentration of IgG, IgG subclasses and for specific antibody activities
      against a battery of antigens. Half-lives for IgG and IgG subclasses were between
      30 and 40 days except for IgG3 which appeared to consist of two populations of
      molecules, one showing a rapid decay, the other disappearing at a rate suggesting
      a half life of 22-24 days. Antigen-specific antibodies, including antibodies to
      HBsAg, cytomegalovirus, pneumococcal polysaccharides and streptococcal group A
      carbohydrate were similar to that for total IgG. These studies demonstrate that
      protective antibody titers to infective agents can be maintained for several
      weeks following high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin infusion.

PMID- 3386643
TI  - IgG subclasses to subviral components.

PMID- 3386644
TI  - IgG subclasses and subclass distribution in allergic disorders.

PMID- 3386645
TI  - IgG subclass assays with polyclonal antisera and monoclonal antibodies.

PMID- 3386646
TI  - IgG antibody response to polysaccharides in children with recurrent infections.
AB  - IgG2 subclass deficiency associated with poor antibody response to polysaccharide
      antigen is a now well-described entity. A newer entity which appears to be at
      least as common is the recurrent infection with a selective deficiency in the
      antibody response. At the present time, the antibody response to Haemophilus
      influenzae type b (Hib) is a good marker for the selective antibody deficiency in
      these children, as the vast majority of such children made a very poor antibody
      response to Hib. The data suggest that treatment of these children with
      prophylactic antibiotics and/or with IV gamma-globulin, depending on the clinical
      situation, is beneficial. This reinforces the view that the observed abnormality
      in the antibody response may be causally related to the recurrent infections.
      Prospective studies of the 10% of 'normal' children who fail to respond to
      soluble polysaccharide antigen would reveal if there is within this group a
      higher incidence of recurrent infections. The result of such studies will be
      important in our understanding of normal as well as abnormal selective antigen
      specific antibody deficiencies in children.

PMID- 3386647
TI  - [Reduction of cerebral hemorrhage and respiratory distress syndrome in premature
      infants by avoiding perinatal asphyxia].
AB  - Intra- and periventricular haemorrhage (IVH/PVH) and, under certain conditions,
      the respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) seem to be typical sequelae of perinatal
      asphyxia in preterm born infants. Therefore, an association of IVH/PVH and RDS
      can be expected. We have retrospectively analyzed the data of 118 premature
      infants born between 1982 and 1986, weighing between 750 and 1499 g. 11 of these
      had experienced a severe IVH/PVH and a severe RDS at the same time, whereas 75
      infants did not develop either of those. (2 of the 118 showed a severe IVH/PVH
      without evidence of severe RDS whereas 29 developed severe RDS without signs of
      serious IVH/PVH. 1 could not be evaluated due to missing data). This association
      of severe intracerebral haemorrhage and severe respiratory distress syndrome was
      statistically significant (p less than 0.005). The number of severe IVH/PVH has
      decreased during 1984-1986 in comparison to 1982/83 (4/76 vs. 9/42; p less than
      0.05); the incidence of severe RDS has slightly declined. Comparing the perinatal
      conditions we found that the infants of the years 1984-1986 were more rarely
      delivered after an interval exceeding 24 h after premature rupture of the
      membranes (p less than 0.05), were more often delivered by caesarean section (p
      less than 0.005), and were nearly always primarily cared for by an experienced
      paediatrician (p less than 0.01). There were no significant differences between
      these two groups as far as dexamethasone-prophylaxis, mean birth weight,
      percentage of small-for-gestational-age infants and mean Apgar scores were
      concerned.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3386648
TI  - [Prevalence and diagnostic value of so-called neurologic soft signs in a larger
      sample of severely hearing impaired 10 to 13-year-old children].
AB  - 262 severely hard-off hearing and deaf 10-13 years old children were screened by
      a short, standardised neurological examination consisting of 7 items. The results
      showed a high rate of socalled soft signs especially in form of associated
      movements. It seemed remarkable that the rate of soft signs did not diminish over
      the age range examined. Statistical relations of these results to other variables
      of the whole study (gross motor coordination, hyperkinetic behaviour, global
      psychiatric ratings) support the hypothesis that soft signs are predictors of
      psychiatric morbidity in general.

PMID- 3386649
TI  - [Course of chronic life-threatening digitalis poisoning in infancy with
      immunopharmacologic treatment using antidigoxin Fab of sheep].
AB  - A 2 months old girl was given a tenfold increased dosage of Beta-Methyldigoxin
      for 2 weeks and subsequently developed severe symptoms of glycoside intoxication.
      In hospital she was treated by digoxin-specific Fab antibody fragments. 18 hours
      later the symptoms had totally disappeared. However, 48 hours from the beginning
      of the treatment free digoxin levels rose again to toxic ranges. In chronic
      intoxications the rediffusion of glycosides from tissues and interstitial space
      seems to be much more pronounced than in acute intoxications, and there is a
      higher risk of reintoxication.

PMID- 3386650
TI  - [Abnormalities-retardation syndrome caused by incomplete triploidy].
AB  - We report on a four year old boy with multiple congenital anomalies and mental
      retardation due to incomplete triploidy (diploid triploid mixoploidy). Initially,
      we had thought of the Silver-Russell syndrome. The main characteristics in the
      patient are short stature, body asymmetry, hypogenitalism, and considerable
      mental retardation. In addition, there are several minor anomalies of the hands
      and feet. The diagnosis was verified by microscopic detection of a triploid cell
      line in cultivated skin fibroblasts and by supplementary studies using flow
      cytometry. The characteristics of this recognizable multiple congenital
      anomalies/mental retardation syndrome are discussed with reference to the
      pertinent literature. As differential diagnosis, in particular the Silver-Russell
      syndrome has to be taken into account.

PMID- 3386651
TI  - [Hypertension in children and adolescents].

PMID- 3386652
TI  - [Cutaneous leishmaniasis in South Yemen].

PMID- 3386653
TI  - [Etiology, clinical picture and forensic definition of the child abuse syndrome.
      I].

PMID- 3386654
TI  - [Severe disfigurement resulting from an industrial accident, a possible
      motivation for suicide?].

PMID- 3386655
TI  - [Adenofibroma of the fallopian tube].

PMID- 3386656
TI  - Comparison of induction and repair of adducts and of alkali-labile sites in human
      lymphocytes and granulocytes after exposure to ethylating agents.
AB  - A comparative study has been made of the induction and repair of adducts and
      alkali-labile sites in the DNA of human lymphocytes and granulocytes exposed to
      the ethylating agents N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) and diethyl sulphate (DES). To
      evaluate these damages, the human blood cells were treated with highly 3H
      labelled ENU and DES, and the resulting 3H-ethyl adducts were analysed via HPLC.
      Alkali-labile sites introduced in the DNA during treatment with non-radioactive
      ENU and DES were detected by alkaline elution with fluorometric quantitation of
      the DNA in the eluted fractions. All known adducts induced by ENU and DES could
      be detected by the HPLC methods applied. Furthermore, these adducts were
      separated from a number of unidentified compounds, because of the improved
      resolution on the columns used. Most of the adducts were rather persistent during
      a subsequent incubation period of up to 20 h after treatment, but some partly
      disappeared (7-ethyladenine and 3-ethyladenine). The induction of alkali-labile
      sites in lymphocytes and granulocytes was very similar, but the kinetics of the
      removal of these sites appeared to be quite different. In granulocytes there was
      hardly any repair, whereas in lymphocytes, particularly after ENU treatment, a
      substantial and relatively fast repair was observed. Induction of alkali-labile
      sites in human lymphocytes and granulocytes occurred also at 0 degrees C; the
      data suggest that this kind of damage is not a result of enzymic repair
      processes. A comparison of the induction and the repair of alkali-labile sites in
      lymphocytes and granulocytes with those of the various ethyl adducts did not give
      a clue as to the identity of the adduct that could be responsible for the
      lability towards alkali.

PMID- 3386657
TI  - Photorepair of ultraviolet radiation-induced pyrimidine dimers in corneal DNA.
AB  - The induction and photorepair of pyrimidine dimers in DNA have been measured in
      the ultraviolet-irradiated, corneal epithelium of the marsupial, Monodelphis
      domestica, using damage-specific nucleases from Micrococcus luteus in conjunction
      with agarose gel electrophoresis. We observed that FS-40 sunlamps (280-400 nm)
      induced 7.2 +/- 1.0 X 10(-5) pyrimidine dimers per kilobase (kb) of DNA per J/m2.
      Following 100 J/m2, 50% and greater than 90% of the dimers were photorepaired
      during a 10- and 30-min exposure to photoreactivating light (320-400 nm),
      respectively. In addition, approximately 70% and approximately 60% of the dimers
      induced by 300 and 500 J/m2, respectively, were repaired by a 60-min exposure to
      photoreactivating light. The capacity of the corneal epithelium of M. domestica
      to photorepair pyrimidine dimers identifies this animal as a potentially useful
      model with which to determine whether pyrimidine dimers are involved in
      pathological changes of the irradiated eye.

PMID- 3386658
TI  - Low levels of DNA excision repair in undamaged bovine lymphocytes.
AB  - Quiescent and concanavalin A-stimulated bovine lymphocytes were subjected to a
      buoyant density analysis used in excision repair studies. Despite neutral and
      alkaline rebands to remove replicative contamination, the CsCl gradient profiles
      of DNA isolated from unstimulated lymphocytes given a 6-h labelling period
      revealed a small amount of radioactivity in the normal-density region which is
      indicative of an excision repair process. It amounted to the incorporation of
      8,000-20,000 molecules of thymidine per lymphocyte. In a 12-h labelling period
      the extent of repair incorporation was twice that measured in a 6-h period. The
      extent of this repair incorporation was not altered significantly during the
      initial 6 or 12 h of lectin stimulation when DNA-strand breaks normally present
      in the unstimulated cells are repaired. The same amount of repair activity was
      found whether the measurements were made on the same day that the lymphocytes
      were isolated or on the next day following an overnight incubation of the cells
      in culture medium. These observations indicate that lymphocytes display a
      spontaneous excision repair activity that proceeds continuously and at a constant
      rate.

PMID- 3386659
TI  - DNA repair synthesis in primary culture of bovine bile duct epithelial cells
      induced by chemical agents in relation to bile duct cancer.
AB  - Unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) was measured autoradiographically in a primary
      culture of extrahepatic bile duct epithelial cells of Holstein cows following
      exposure to chemicals known to be capable of developing bile duct cancers in
      experimental animals, i.e., N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG, CAS No.
      70-25-7), N-ethyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (ENNG, CAS No. 4255-77-6), 20
      methylcholanthrene (MCA, CAS No. 56-49-5), N-nitrosodimethylamine (DMN, CAS No.
      62-75-9) and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1, CAS No. 1162-65-8). MNNG and ENNG induced UDS
      without addition of S9 mixture. MCA elicited UDS only if S9 mixture was added.
      Regardless of the presence or absence of S9 mixture, DMN failed to induce UDS.
      DNA repair by AFB1 was enhanced by the presence of S9 mixture. Therefore, for
      MNNG, ENNG and high doses of AFB1 activation by the liver is not necessary to
      exert genotoxic effects and they seem to be capable of direct action on bile duct
      epithelial cells in the presence of a bilioenteric fistula or anastomosis.

PMID- 3386660
TI  - Normal myoblast injections provide genetic treatment for murine dystrophy.
AB  - A treatment has been developed to alleviate muscle weakness in murine dystrophy.
      Cultured myoblasts from genetically normal mouse embryos were injected into the
      right soleus of 20-day-old normal or dystrophic mice. Hosts and donors were
      immunocompatible but exhibited different genotype markers. Donor cells produced
      GPl-1CC. Host cells produced GPl-1BB. When compared with contralateral controls 6
      months postoperatively, test dystrophic solei exhibited greater cross-sectional
      area, total fiber number, wet weight, and twitch and tetanus tensions. They
      contained more normal-appearing and less abnormal-appearing fibers. Their mean
      fiber resting potential was similar to that of normal controls. Presence of GPl
      1CC with or without the hybrid isozyme GPl-lBC in these muscles implied the
      survival and development of donor myoblasts into normal myofibers, and fusion of
      normal myoblasts with dystrophic satellite cells to form genetically mosaic
      myofibers. Injection of fibroblasts instead of myoblasts caused detrimental
      effects.

PMID- 3386661
TI  - Jitter correction: a computer algorithm for reduction of the velocity recovery
      function artifact.
AB  - The measurement of neuromuscular jitter in single fiber electromyography may be
      artifactually raised by a component of interdischarge interval (IDI)-dependent
      jitter caused by the velocity recovery function (VRF) in muscle fibers. We have
      developed a computer algorithm for on-line mathematical correction for this
      artifact, thus improving the reliability of neuromuscular jitter estimates. The
      method, based on a modeling technique, was validated using intramuscular
      stimulation in order to either exclude an IDI-dependent component (using regular
      stimulation) or to include an IDI-dependent component (using pseudorandom
      stimulation). In 10 normal subjects the distribution of 106 corrected jitter
      values obtained using voluntary activity showed no difference from the measured
      values. This finding implies that previously published values for normal jitter
      are not likely to have been influenced by the VRF effect.

PMID- 3386662
TI  - Effects of glycerol injection into rat sciatic nerve.
AB  - In recent years, injection of pure glycerol into the trigeminal cistern has been
      used for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia. The mechanism of action of this
      therapy remains unclear. Using both light and electron microscopy, we
      investigated the effects of microinjections of sterile, pure glycerol into the
      endoneurium of the sciatic nerve of the rat. We observed total destruction of
      both myelinated and unmyelinated fibers. In nearly all animals, signs of
      automutilation were observed in the paralyzed limb. Histological evidence of
      nerve degeneration appeared soon after injection, with intense proliferation of
      perineurial cells that eventually divided the endoneurium into numerous
      microcompartments.

PMID- 3386663
TI  - Orthodromic study of the sensory fibers innervating the fourth finger.
AB  - Fourth finger stimulation has been used to obtain the compound nerve action
      potential (CNAP) of the median and ulnar nerves by a single cutaneous bipolar
      recording electrode placed in some specific sites of the upper limb. In normal
      subjects, the response was a combination of both action potentials which could be
      seen as separated peaks only when the recording was made at midarm with the elbow
      flexed at 90 degrees. This finding is mainly attributed to the longitudinal
      sliding of nerves according to the joint movements. In patients with a carpal
      tunnel syndrome, there were a striking separation between the responses of both
      nerves in wrist recording. This finding allows this technique to be applied in
      the clinical inspection of median nerve entrapment at wrist, demonstrating
      graphically the delay on the median nerve action potential with regard to that of
      the ulnar nerve.

PMID- 3386664
TI  - Neonatal androgen maintains sexually dimorphic muscles in the absence of
      innervation.
AB  - We examined the site of androgen action in maintaining the sexually dimorphic
      spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus (SNB) and its target perineal muscles, the
      bulbocavernosus (BC) and levator ani (LA), in rats. To determine whether androgen
      action on SNB motoneurons is crucial for BC/LA survival, we removed SNB cells in
      newborn female rats by lumbosacral spinalectomy, administered testosterone
      propionate (TP) on days 1 and 3 of life, and examined for the presence of BC/LA
      muscles in adulthood. BC/LA muscles were present in all TP-treated
      spinalectomized females, and staining of these muscles with alpha-bungarotoxin or
      for acetylcholinesterase showed no evidence of cholinergic innervation. Thus,
      complete neonatal denervation of the BC/LA does not prevent TP from sparing these
      muscles, suggesting that androgen acts directly upon BC/LA muscles to maintain
      them during development. This androgenic maintenance of the BC/LA may be crucial
      for the survival of SNB motoneurons.

PMID- 3386665
TI  - Somatosensory evoked potentials: lack of value for diagnosis of thoracic outlet
      syndrome.
AB  - Twenty patients with thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) seen at the Mayo Clinic
      between October 1984 and November 1985 were studied prospectively with routine
      nerve conduction studies, concentric needle examination, and bilateral median and
      ulnar somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs). Results of nerve conduction studies
      and needle examination were abnormal in 30% of the patients, one patient having a
      reduced ulnar sensory nerve action potential amplitude and five others having
      neurogenic motor unit potential changes in the hand muscles. Ulnar SEPs were
      abnormal in three patients (15%), and median SEPs were abnormal in one patient,
      who also had abnormalities in ulnar SEPs. In patients with TOS, routine nerve
      conduction studies and needle examination were the most helpful
      electrophysiologic studies in excluding more common conditions. The routine use
      of ulnar SEPs in the evaluation of patients with TOS is probably not worthwhile.

PMID- 3386666
TI  - Resistance to ischemic conduction block of the peripheral nerve in hyperglycemic
      rats: an electrophysiological study.
AB  - Resistance to ischemic conduction block (RICB) was studied in rats with
      streptozotocin (STZ) induced hyperglycemia, hyperglycemia by glucose injection,
      and glycerin-induced hyperosmolarity. Ischemia was produced by tight ligation at
      the base of the tail. The time required for nerve action potentials (NAP) to
      disappear was defined as the disappearance time of NAP (DT-NAP). Both STZ and
      glucose rats showed a marked prolongation of DT-NAP at 2 hours after injection of
      STZ (up to 120 minutes) or glucose (up to 95 minutes), as compared with the
      control rats (less than 45 minutes). Hyperosmolar rats showed no prolongation of
      DT-NAP. The amplitude of NAP remained at the initial level for at least 2 hours
      after ligation of the sciatic nerve, whereas NAP disappeared within 45 minutes
      after ligation of the abdominal aorta. These findings indicate that the RICB can
      be produced by means of hyperglycemia without the presence of diabetic neuropathy
      and is the most sensitive indicator of hyperglycemia.

PMID- 3386667
TI  - Regeneration of dystrophic muscle following multiple injections of bupivacaine.
AB  - Regenerated myofibers formed subsequent to orthotopic transplantation of young,
      dystrophic mouse muscle fail to display the extensive histopathological changes
      characteristics of murine dystrophy. In order to determine whether this
      modification of the phenotypic expression of murine dystrophy is unique to the
      transplantation system or whether it can be found when other extreme trauma
      induces dystrophic muscle to regenerate, the extensor digitorum longus muscles of
      4-6-week-old normal (129 ReJ +/+) and dystrophic (129 ReJ dy/dy) mice were given
      two series of injections of the myotoxin bupivacaine, spaced 12 hours apart.
      These injections resulted in necrosis of approximately 90% of the original
      myofibers. At 100 days after injection, the regenerated normal muscle appeared
      "healthy," whereas the regenerated dystrophic muscle displayed histopathological
      changes. It is suggested that the differences in the time course of innervation
      of the myotubes in the transplantation system as compared with that in the
      bupivacaine system may be a factor in determining whether regenerated dystrophic
      myofibers express a dystrophic morphology.

PMID- 3386668
TI  - Stimulus artifact compensation using biphasic stimulation.
AB  - The feasibility of using biphasic stimulation as a method of reducing stimulus
      artifact was explored in several different circumstances. Sensory and muscle
      evoked potentials were compared using monophasic and biphasic constant-current
      stimuli. The monophasic stimulus was a negative rectangular pulse with a duration
      of 0.1-0.2 msec. The biphasic stimulus was a negative rectangular pulse of 0.1
      0.2 msec duration followed, after a variable delay, by a positive rectangular
      pulse of the same duration and variable amplitude. When the conducting distances
      were long, stimulus artifact did not disturb either monophasically or
      biphasically evoked potentials. When the conducting distances were short,
      stimulus artifact occurred with monophasic stimulation but could be diminished
      readily using biphasic stimulation. The method can be accomplished easily using
      standard instruments with dual stimulators.

PMID- 3386669
TI  - Reinnervation of sweat glands in the mouse: axonal regeneration versus collateral
      sprouting.
AB  - The capacity of sudomotor axons to reinnervate sweat glands by regeneration after
      freezing was compared with their capacity to reinnervate by the mechanism of
      collateral sprouting. Two groups of mice were prepared in the same manner, with a
      single exception. All nerves to the hind paw were cut and tied to prevent
      regrowth. The exception, the lateral plantar nerve, was left intact in one group
      and frozen at the ankle in the other group. Reinnervation of sweat glands in the
      paw was charted frequently for 10 weeks using a silastic mold method. We found
      that sudomotor axons regenerating from the frozen nerve functionally reinnervated
      sweat glands of the paw sooner, beginning at 15 days postoperation, and at a
      higher rate than reinnervation from the collateral branching intact nerve, that
      began at about 25 days. Full recovery occurred by 41 days in most animals of both
      groups. We also found that stimulation of sweating by pilocarpine activated more
      sweat glands during the reinnervation period than stimulation by heating the
      mice, suggesting that the newly regenerating sudomotor axons have a high
      threshold.

PMID- 3386670
TI  - Adult human masseter muscle fibers express myosin isozymes characteristic of
      development.
AB  - Masseter muscle biopsies were obtained from nine patients undergoing orthognatic
      surgery or surgery for parotid tumors. A detailed enzyme-histochemical and
      immunocytochemical study of these muscles was performed using antibodies specific
      to the various isozymes of the myosin heavy chain (MHC) in order to identify the
      MHC isozymes that were present in the different fiber types. The contractile
      proteins in these same biopsies were analyzed by two-dimensional gel
      electrophoresis, native pyrophosphate gel electrophoresis, and by an
      immunopolypeptide mapping approach. These studies have shown that there is a very
      heterogeneous distribution of the myosin isozymes, with many fibers containing
      more than one myosin type. We also present evidence that in addition to adult
      fast and slow myosin, the human masseter muscle contains two proteins, neonatal
      MHC and embryonic myosin light chain, that are characteristic of developing
      muscle.

PMID- 3386671
TI  - Stability of lumbosacral somatosensory evoked potentials in a long-term follow
      up.
AB  - Variability of the lumbosacral somatosensory evoked potential (LSEP) in
      test/retest situations was assessed in 49 patients with nonprogressive
      neurological disorder and 20 healthy subjects. The average time of LSEP follow-up
      in the patients was 16.2 months. The first group of healthy subjects had a short
      test/retest period of between 2 days and 2 weeks, and the second group had a long
      period between tests, with a mean of 35.7 months. The R and S waves of the LSEP
      were analyzed separately for latency and amplitude. Test/retest differences were
      statistically compared. The average correlation coefficient for healthy subjects
      was 0.84 and for patients was 0.78. These results suggested a remarkable
      stability of LSEPs in both healthy subjects and patients with nonprogressive
      neurological disorders. Therefore, we propose that LSEPs can be used in follow-up
      both to screen for initial dysfunction of the sensory system and to detect any
      changes in present dysfunction.

PMID- 3386672
TI  - Changes in denervated skeletal muscle of amiodarone-fed mice.
AB  - Prolonged dosing of mice with amiodarone produced a myopathy characterized by
      autophagic vacuolation and phospholipid inclusions. A previous morphological
      study had shown that amiodarone did not affect the rate of nerve regeneration
      after sciatic nerve crush. In the present study, reinnervation was assessed by
      the reappearance of miniature endplate potentials that confirmed that axonal
      regeneration and motor reinnervation was not affected by amiodarone. However,
      there was a marked delay in the recovery of motor function in the amiodarone
      treated mice. Denervation was found to induce an extensive necrosis of muscle
      fibers in the deeper parts of fast-twitch muscles. Histochemical studies showed
      that type 1 fibers were spared, necrosis affecting mainly type 2 fibers with
      relatively high oxidative enzyme activity (fast-twitch oxidative fibers).
      Biochemical studies showed a significant increase in the amount of amiodarone and
      its metabolite in denervated muscle of amiodarone-treated mice when compared with
      contralateral, normally innervated muscles.

PMID- 3386673
TI  - Microneurography for the recording and selective stimulation of afferents: an
      assessment.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to examine whether a microneurography electrode
      could record from and then selectively stimulate the same afferent fiber in cat
      sural and tibial nerves. Fiber activity was recorded distally with
      microneurography needle electrodes and proximally with hook electrodes. Records
      from the hook electrodes allowed the waveform shape and latency following natural
      stimulation to be compared with that produced by electrical stimuli delivered
      through the needle electrode. The action potentials from approximately 50% of the
      recorded fibers failed to propagate beyond the needle electrode. When propagation
      did occur and the comparison could be made, only 25% of the afferents recorded
      could be selectively stimulated. This relatively low success rate suggests that a
      typical microneurography needle is not particularly good for selectively
      stimulating identified afferents. Thus in human experiments, attempts to
      microstimulate identified afferents may often include stimulation of unidentified
      alternative, or additional, afferent fibers at thresholds of sensory perception.

PMID- 3386674
TI  - Facilitation of electrical myotonia and denervation fibrillation by direct
      current stimulation.

PMID- 3386675
TI  - Standardization of the FIET.

PMID- 3386676
TI  - Effect of 5-fluorocytosine in comparison with amphotericin B and/or 5
      fluorouracil on the formation of human mature bursts/colonies of haemopoietic
      progenitor cells.

PMID- 3386677
TI  - A case of chromoblastomycosis with special reference to the mycology of the
      isolated Exophiala jeanselemei.

PMID- 3386678
TI  - The effect of 9a-fluoroprednisolone on the pathogenicity of Microsporum canis and
      Trichophyton violaceum to horses.

PMID- 3386679
TI  - Antigens from the surface and excretions/secretions of the filariform larva of
      Strongyloides stercoralis.
AB  - The surface and excretory/secretory (ES) antigens of the infective, filariform
      larva (L3) of Strongyloides stercoralis were identified. These studies provide a
      basis for the purification of these proteins as diagnostic allergens for human
      strongyloidiasis. The Mr values of the surface and ES molecules were determined
      by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography,
      fluorography, or silver staining following the recovery of these molecules after
      the radiolabelling of living parasites. At least 10 surface proteins were
      radioiodinated extrinsically using chloroglycoluril as the catalyst for
      iodination, and then extracted with detergents and/or beta-mercaptoethanol.
      Several surface molecules of the L3 were immunogenic in humans, as determined by
      immunoprecipitation with sera (IHS) from infected patients. About 30 proteins
      were present in the ES preparation. Many ES antigens were labelled
      biosynthetically during the culture of larvae in media supplemented with either
      [35S]methionine or [14C]glucose. Furthermore, several of the surface proteins of
      the L3 were found with the ES antigens recoverable by culturing larvae in vitro.
      About 10 of the ES proteins were immunogenic as determined by immunoaffinity
      chromatography using IHS; and two of these antigens with Mr 50,000 and 90,000
      incorporated [35S]methionine during culture of larvae. Moreover, some ES proteins
      were allergenic when tested in an in vitro assay of histamine release from
      basophils from infected humans or monkeys. The isotype of the homocytophilic
      antibodies involved in this immediate hypersensitivity assay, which is the basis
      of a diagnostic skin test for human strongyloidiasis, appears to be IgE.

PMID- 3386680
TI  - Purification and characterization of the Giardia lamblia double-stranded RNA
      virus.
AB  - The dsRNA virus which infects some strains of Giardia lamblia has been purified
      and characterized with respect to its effect on growth of the parasite. Extensive
      purification of the virus from G. lamblia growth medium was accomplished by
      Millipore filtration and two successive CsCl gradient centrifugations. The
      purified virus possessed a single major protein species of 100,000 molecular
      weight. Effects of the extensively purified virus on growth of the virus-free
      parasite were studied. A cloned WB strain, sensitive to the viral infection, and
      a cloned E-9/M strain, resistant to the infection, were studied. With the WB
      strain, infection can occur at a ratio as low as 10 viral particles per organism.
      As the virus to parasite ratio increased, the rate of growth of the parasite
      decreased and the percentage of parasites not adhering to the culture tube wall
      also increased. These nonadhering cells, which differed from the nonadhering
      cells under normal growth conditions, were unable to divide. They contained an
      average number of 500,000 viral particles per cell which may be the threshold
      intracellular density of viral particles arresting the growth of G. lamblia. The
      results also suggest that the specific consequence of viral infection, even at
      extremely high multiplicity of infection, is not lysis of G. lamblia trophozoites
      but cessation of growth.

PMID- 3386681
TI  - Diazotised [125I]iodosulphanilic acid is not a marker for the outer bilayer of
      the tegument of adult Schistosoma mansoni.
AB  - Diazotised [125I]iodosulphanilic acid (DISA), has been used to label the tegument
      surface of adult male Schistosoma mansoni in vitro. In a surface membrane
      fraction prepared by freeze-thaw, only a negligible amount of lipid material was
      labelled by DISA, and 15 labelled protein bands were detected, ranging in
      apparent molecular weight from 21,000 to 175,000. As a result of experiments
      using digitonin to extract surface material, DISA has been described as a marker
      for the outer bilayer of the schistosome tegument surface. However, we found that
      two surface membrane fractions obtained by digitonin extraction, which were
      expected to be enriched in either outer or inner bilayer, yielded almost
      identical sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
      autoradiographic patterns, with 13 labelled protein bands (21 to 64 kDa) detected
      in each. In addition, a large proportion of the label was not bound firmly to the
      worm surface, and although the intact worm surface restricted the access of the
      label to membrane proteins, nevertheless proteins of the inner bilayer were
      labelled. Thus, we conclude that DISA is not a marker for the outer bilayer.

PMID- 3386682
TI  - 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopic study of the metabolites in young adult
      Angiostrongylus cantonensis maintained in vitro.
AB  - 1H- and 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy were used to study
      metabolites excreted by young adult Angiostrongylus cantonensis maintained
      aerobically in the presence of D-[13C6]glucose. End-products of glucose
      metabolism identified and quantitated by means of 1H-NMR were lactate, acetate
      and alanine, in the molar ratio of 1:0.13:0.05 for males and 1:0.07:0.04 for
      females. 13C-NMR analyses proved that all the three products originated from the
      glucose present in the medium.

PMID- 3386683
TI  - Characterization of the high mannose asparagine-linked oligosaccharides
      synthesized by Schistosoma mansoni adult male worms.
AB  - This report describes the structures of the high-mannose-type N-linked
      oligosaccharides in glycoproteins synthesized by Schistosoma mansoni adult male
      worms. Adult male schistosomes were incubated in vitro in media containing either
      [2-3H]mannose, [6-3H]glucosamine or [6-3H]galactose to allow metabolic
      radiolabeling of the oligosaccharide moieties of newly synthesized glycoproteins.
      Glycopeptides were prepared from the radiolabeled glycoproteins by digestion with
      Pronase and fractionation by chromatography on concanavalin A-Sepharose. Eleven
      percent of [3H]mannose incorporated into the schistosome glycopeptides was
      recovered in high mannose-type Asn-linked oligosaccharides which bound to the
      immobilized lectin. Upon treatment of [3H]mannose-labeled glycopeptide with endo
      beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H, the high mannose-type chains were released and
      their structures were determined by high performance liquid chromatography,
      methylation analysis, acetolysis and exoglycosidase digestion. The major species
      of high mannose-type chains synthesized by S. mansoni adult males have the
      composition Man7GlcNAc2, Man8GlcNac2 and Man9GlcNA2. Structural analyses indicate
      that these oligosaccharides are similar to high mannose-type chains synthesized
      by mammalian cells.

PMID- 3386684
TI  - Cuticle preparations from Necator americanus and their immunogenicity in the
      infected host.
AB  - Cuticle samples have been prepared from the human parasitic nematode Necator
      americanus using detergent solubilisation with sodium dodecyl sulphate and
      subsequent reduction of disulphide bonds using 2-beta-mercaptoethanol. It would
      appear that N. americanus, like many other nematodes, relies on relatively small
      collagenous proteins, linked by disulphide bonds, to maintain the integrity of
      its cuticle. These molecules are normally hidden from the immune system during
      the course of infection but are potentially immunogenic. It is suggested that
      waves of antibodies, firstly with specificity against superficial cuticular
      epitopes followed by antibodies against deeper lying, structural elements, should
      be induced during vaccination to effectively destroy the nematode at the
      cuticular level.

PMID- 3386685
TI  - A ricin agglutinin-resistant clone of Leishmania donovani deficient in
      lipophosphoglycan.
AB  - A variant cell line of Leishmania donovani (named R2D2) has been selected for
      resistance to the cytotoxic lectin ricin agglutinin and shown to be defective in
      the synthesis of its major glycoconjugate lipophosphoglycan. Compared to the
      parental line, R2D2 cells showed a marked resistance to the toxic effects of
      ricin and an increased sensitivity toward concanavalin A. The synthesis of
      lipophosphoglycan by R2D2 cells was judged to be less than 1% relative to that of
      wildtype cells as determined by incorporation of radioactive mannose and
      galactose and by electrophoretic and chromatographic analyses. Although lacking
      lipophosphoglycan, R2D2 parasites were capable of infecting cultured U937
      macrophages.

PMID- 3386686
TI  - Heme binding to Leishmania mexicana amazonensis.
AB  - Leishmania mexicana amazonensis is a pathogenic parasite whose growth, due to a
      biosynthetic deficiency, is dependent on a supply of exogenous heme. Utilizing
      [55Fe]hemin, we have demonstrated that heme binding to non-dividing cultured
      promastigotes of L. m. amazonensis at 4 degrees C reaches equilibrium within 6 h,
      is 95% dissociable by 28 h and is elevated approximately 5-fold by decreasing the
      pH of the binding buffer to 5.4. Metalloporphyrins substituted either at the
      central metal atom or in the porphyrin ring all displaced [55Fe]hemin binding to
      varying extents. Scatchard analysis revealed the affinity of the interaction to
      be 0.03 nM-1 and the number of binding sites to be 400 per promastigote. These
      findings are remarkably similar to those demonstrated in murine erythroleukemia
      cells and are characteristic of a receptor-ligand interaction. During logarithmic
      growth, promastigote heme binding was increased approximately 10-fold compared to
      stationary phase organisms. The increase was caused by a 4-fold greater number of
      binding sites per promastigote with no significant change in affinity. These
      findings demonstrate not only that L. m. amazonensis promastigotes bind heme
      specifically, but that the binding may be regulated by the growth phase of the
      parasite.

PMID- 3386687
TI  - Influence of praziquantel and Ca2+ on the bilayer-isotropic-hexagonal transition
      of model membranes.
AB  - Praziquantel induces a bilayer to isotropic transition in the absence of Ca2+ in
      a mixed phospholipid membrane consisting of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and
      phosphatidylserine (PS) at a molar ratio of 2:1 at 25 degrees C or 35 degrees C,
      irrespective of the lipid/drug molar ratio (10:1; 2:1). Addition of Ca2+ at
      different PS/Ca2+ molar ratios (4:1, 2:1 or 1:1) leads to a transition to a
      hexagonal (HII) state. With a phospholipid membrane of different composition
      (PE/PS molar ratio 4:1) praziquantel exerts quite different effects in the
      presence of Ca2+ (PS/Ca2+ molar ratio 1:1). An isotropic-signal appears together
      with a bilayer one at 25 degrees C, while a HII-signal can be detected at 35
      degrees C. Thus, two separate phases coexist at this PE/PS molar ratio, while at
      a PE/PS molar ratio of 2:1, praziquantel and Ca2+ induce only a HII-signal. The
      results with these model membranes show that praziquantel and Ca2+ exert drastic
      influences on bilayer-isotropic-hexagonal transitions. The possibility that this
      drug might act in the schistosomal tegumental membranes in the same way is
      discussed.

PMID- 3386688
TI  - Isolation and identification of coenzyme Q from Leishmania donovani.
AB  - Crystalline coenzyme Q (CoQ) was obtained from Leishmania donovani promastigotes
      by extraction of the unsaponifiable material with hexane, chromatography on a
      Florisil column and crystallization from ethanol. Crystalline CoQ in ethanol
      revealed an ultraviolet-peak, at 275 nm, which disappeared upon reduction with
      NaBH4. Polarographic and mass fragmentographic measurements were characteristic
      of CoQ homologs. Reversed-phase thin-layer chromatography revealed that it is
      CoQ9.

PMID- 3386689
TI  - Characterization of the genes for fructose-bisphosphate aldolase in Trypanosoma
      brucei.
AB  - In Trypanosoma brucei stock 427 the glycolytic enzyme fructose-bisphosphate
      aldolase is encoded by two tandemly linked genes of identical sequence. Such a
      tandem arrangement of aldolase genes is also present in other T. brucei stocks of
      unrelated origin. In stock 427 one of the allelic genes is a pseudogene, as a
      result of a one-nucleotide deletion. The genes code for a polypeptide of 371
      amino acids, with a calculated molecular weight of 40,940. The protein that is
      predicted from the gene sequence has 45-48% positional identity with known
      aldolase sequences of other organisms. The trypanosomal protein is, however,
      unique in having a 10 amino-acid insertion near its N-terminus and high number of
      basic residues, a feature it shares with other glycolytic enzymes of T. brucei.
      These glycolytic enzymes have in common that they are located in microbody-like
      organelles, the glycosomes. We have previously proposed that the positively
      charged residues may be involved in the import of the proteins into the
      organelles.

PMID- 3386690
TI  - Characterisation of a simple, highly repetitive DNA sequence from the parasite
      Leishmania donovani.
AB  - Repetitive DNA sequences of the Leishmania donovani genome have been identified
      by screening a recombinant DNA library made by cloning sheared genomic DNA into
      the vector pAT153. Bacterial clones containing a highly repetitive DNA sequence
      have been isolated. DNA sequencing has shown that this sequence is composed of
      tandem repeats of the sequence 5'-CCCTAA-3'. This sequence is identical to the
      telomeric repeats found in Trypanosoma brucei and hybridizes to all Leishmania
      chromosomes. In this study we show that there is considerable heterogeneity in
      the distribution and copy number of this repeat and associated hybridising
      sequences throughout the genomes of different Leishmania species.

PMID- 3386691
TI  - Balloon aortic valvuloplasty in 170 consecutive patients.
AB  - Between October 1, 1985, and April 1, 1988, we performed balloon aortic
      valvuloplasty in 170 patients (mean age [+/- SD], 77 +/- 5 years) who had
      symptomatic aortic stenosis. The procedure was completed successfully in 168
      patients and resulted in significant increases in the mean (+/- SD) aortic-valve
      area (from 0.6 +/- 0.2 to 0.9 +/- 0.3 cm2) and cardiac output (from 4.6 +/- 3.4
      to 4.8 +/- 1.4 liters per minute) and decreases in the peak aortic-valve pressure
      gradient (from 71 +/- 20 to 36 +/- 14 mm Hg) (P less than 0.01 for all three
      comparisons). There were six in-hospital deaths, and five patients required early
      aortic-valve replacement. Follow-up data were available for all patients, for a
      period averaging 9.1 months. In addition to the 6 patients who died in the
      hospital, 25 patients died an average of 6.4 +/- 5.3 months after discharge.
      Symptoms recurred in 44 patients; they were managed by repeat valvuloplasty in 16
      patients, by aortic-valve replacement in 17, and by medical therapy in 11. At the
      most recent follow-up examination, the symptoms of 103 patients had improved
      after valvuloplasty; this number includes 15 patients with restenosis who
      successfully underwent redilation. Life-table analysis indicates that the
      probability of survival 12 months after the procedure was 74 percent. We conclude
      that balloon aortic valvuloplasty is an effective palliative therapy for some
      elderly patients with symptomatic aortic stenosis. Symptoms improve in the
      majority of patients; although restenosis is common, it can be managed in some
      patients by repeat balloon dilation.

PMID- 3386692
TI  - Open-heart surgery in octogenarians.
AB  - One hundred consecutive patients 80 years of age or older consented to and
      subsequently underwent open-heart operations at our institution between July 1976
      and May 1987. Fifty of the patients had aortic valvular disease (28 with
      coexisting coronary artery disease), and 41 had isolated coronary artery disease.
      Eight patients had mitral valvular disease, and one had a dissecting aortic
      aneurysm. Ninety had Class IV disease that was functional, ischemic, or both. The
      most compelling indications for operation in 85 patients were unstable or
      postinfarction angina, syncope, acute pulmonary edema, or cardiogenic shock.
      Twenty-nine patients died soon after operation (within 90 days). New York Heart
      Association Class IV disease, previous myocardial infarction, cachexia, and
      emergency operation were preoperative variables associated with early death.
      Forty-three patients had no complications except for atrial arrhythmias and were
      discharged from the hospital a mean (+/- SD) of 11.5 +/- 3.7 days after
      operation. Low cardiac output, acute myocardial infarction, reoperation for
      bleeding, renal insufficiency, pneumonia, and prolonged endotracheal intubation
      were the most common serious postoperative complications. Twenty-eight patients
      who survived postoperative complications were discharged 24.9 +/- 19.6 days after
      operation. Seventeen patients died 2 to 104 months after discharge from the
      hospital. Actuarial calculation predicts the survival of 59 percent of patients
      at three years and 54 percent at five years. Of the 54 patients still alive at
      this writing, 53 have disease within New York Heart Association and Canadian
      Cardiovascular Society Classes I or II. For selected octogenarians with
      unmanageable cardiac symptoms, operation may be an effective therapeutic option.

PMID- 3386693
TI  - Measurement of norepinephrine and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol in urine and plasma
      for the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma.
AB  - We compared the value of plasma samples with that of 24-hour urine samples in
      identifying patients with pheochromocytoma among those with hypertension. We
      employed specific gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of both urine
      and plasma for simultaneous assay of norepinephrine and its neuronal metabolite
      3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol (DHPG). The study population consisted of 1086 patients
      with hypertension, among them 25 patients with proved pheochromocytoma. Reference
      ranges for free norepinephrine and DHPG in plasma and urine were established.
      Measurement of free norepinephrine in 24-hour urine samples provided the best
      index of a pheochromocytoma. This technique had 100 percent sensitivity and 98
      percent specificity among 1192 urine samples, as compared with 82 percent
      sensitivity and 95 percent specificity among 358 plasma samples. Simultaneous
      measurement of norepinephrine and DHPG in urine further improved specificity (to
      99 percent), but the use of the ratio of norepinephrine to DHPG reduced
      sensitivity (to 95 percent), since some patients with pheochromocytoma secrete
      large amounts of DHPG. We therefore recommend measurement of 24-hour urinary
      levels of free norepinephrine for the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma and suggest
      that simultaneous analysis for DHPG may sometimes prove useful in reducing the
      rate of false positive results.

PMID- 3386694
TI  - Incidentally detected thrombocytopenia in healthy mothers and their infants.
AB  - The unexpected discovery of thrombocytopenia in an asymptomatic pregnant woman-
      often considered to be equivalent to the diagnosis of idiopathic thrombocytopenic
      purpura--leads to a variety of interventions, including delivery by cesarean
      section. However, the actual risk to mothers and their infants posed by
      incidentally noted thrombocytopenia is not known. To investigate this issue, we
      performed a prospective study of a group of normal women who delivered at our
      medical center and their infants during a period of one year. Of the 2263 women
      who delivered during the year, 1357 were considered to be normal. One hundred
      twelve of the women (8.3 percent) had mild thrombocytopenia (range of platelet
      counts, 97 to 150 x 10(9) per liter). The thrombocytopenia had no discernible
      clinical effect on the women or their infants. The frequency of thrombocytopenia
      in babies born to this group of women was not appreciably different from that in
      babies born to the other normal patients who did not have thrombocytopenia, and
      none of the infants of women with thrombocytopenia had a platelet count of less
      than 100 x 10(9) per liter. This study demonstrates that the frequency of mild
      thrombocytopenia is high in normal pregnant women at term and that the
      thrombocytopenia appears to have no adverse effect on either the mothers or their
      infants. To perform obstetrical interventions such as cesarean section because of
      thrombocytopenia in these mothers is not justified.

PMID- 3386695
TI  - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Case 29-1988. A 74-year-old
      woman with chronic diarrhea.

PMID- 3386696
TI  - Aortic valvuloplasty--a valid alternative?

PMID- 3386697
TI  - Unwarranted implantation of cardiac pacemakers.

PMID- 3386698
TI  - Right ventricular cardiomyopathy and sudden death in young people.

PMID- 3386699
TI  - Survival after CPR in very-low-birth-weight infants.

PMID- 3386700
TI  - Prednisone in pregnant women with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.

PMID- 3386701
TI  - Differences in platelet enzyme activity between alcoholics and nonalcoholics.

PMID- 3386702
TI  - Genetic factors and susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy.

PMID- 3386703
TI  - The pros and cons of freedom of access to human genome data.

PMID- 3386704
TI  - First victory over tobacco companies.

PMID- 3386705
TI  - UK research councils continue to squabble over biology resources.

PMID- 3386706
TI  - Caltech graduate course will change thinking on computers.

PMID- 3386708
TI  - Drastic measures proposed in India.

PMID- 3386707
TI  - Privatization one of the 'cures' being considered for NIH.

PMID- 3386709
TI  - New areas in AIDS research.

PMID- 3386710
TI  - Receding hopes of AIDS vaccines.

PMID- 3386711
TI  - Stimulus selectivity of single neurons in the temporal lobe.

PMID- 3386712
TI  - Eye development and short sight.

PMID- 3386713
TI  - HLA antigens and insulin-dependent diabetes.

PMID- 3386714
TI  - Health provision goes online.

PMID- 3386715
TI  - Healthy Quebec Recherche.

PMID- 3386716
TI  - NRC's shot in the arm for biotech.

PMID- 3386717
TI  - Firm medical foundation.

PMID- 3386718
TI  - Looking to the east for herbal remedies.

PMID- 3386719
TI  - Neural encoding of individual words and faces by the human hippocampus and
      amygdala.
AB  - Patients with lesions in the medial temporal lobe (MTL) of the brain, which
      includes the hippocampus, amygdala and parahippocampal gyrus, are severely
      impaired in their ability to remember and recognize words or faces which they saw
      only a short time ago. These lesions also prevent the effect of word repetition
      on cortical event-related potentials that are associated with these tasks. We
      have been able to study the response of individual neurons in the human medial
      temporal lobe to such delayed recognition tasks in epileptic patients undergoing
      neurosurgery. We found that some MTL neurons preferentially fired on sight of one
      particular word from a set of ten words used in a memory task, and others fired
      in response to one particular face. This stimulus-specific firing was maximal
      during the time that the neocortical event potentials are most sensitive to
      stimulus repetition, suggesting that the MTL contributes specific information to
      the cortex during the retrieval of recent memories.

PMID- 3386720
TI  - Inhibition of bacterial ice nucleators by fish antifreeze glycoproteins.
AB  - Certain bacteria promote the formation of ice in super-cooled water by means of
      ice nucleators which contain a unique protein associated with the cell membrane.
      Ice nucleators in general are believed to act by mimicking the structure of an
      ice crystal surface, thus imposing an ice-like arrangement on the water molecules
      in contact with the nucleating surface and lowering the energy necessary for the
      initiation of ice formation. Quantitative investigation of the bacterial ice
      nucleating process has recently been made possible by the discovery of certain
      bacteria that shed stable membrane vesicles with ice nucleating activity. The
      opposite effect, inhibition of ice formation, has been described for a group of
      glycoproteins found in different fish and insect species. This group of
      substances, termed antifreeze glycoproteins (AFGPs), promotes the supercooling of
      water with no appreciable effect on the equilibrium freezing point or melting
      temperature. Substantial evidence now indicates that AFGPs act by binding to a
      growing ice crystal and slowing crystal growth. As the ice-nucleating protein
      surface is believed to have a structure similar to an embryonic ice crystal,
      AFGPs might be predicted to interact directly with a bacterial ice-nucleating
      site. We report here that AFGPs from the antarctic fish Dissostichus mawsoni
      inhibit the ice-nucleating activity of membrane vesicles from the bacterium
      Erwinia herbicola. The inhibition effect shows saturation at high concentration
      of AFGP and conforms to a simple binding reaction between the AFGP and the
      nucleation centre.

PMID- 3386722
TI  - Criminalizing research.

PMID- 3386721
TI  - Contribution of hydrophobic interactions to protein stability.
AB  - A major factor in the folding of proteins is the burying of hydrophobic side
      chains. A specific example is the packing of alpha-helices on beta-sheets by
      interdigitation of nonpolar side chains. The contributions of these interactions
      to the energetics of protein stability may be measured by simple protein
      engineering experiments. We have used site-directed mutagenesis to truncate
      hydrophobic side chains at an alpha-helix/beta-sheet interface in the small
      ribonuclease from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (barnase). The decreases in
      stability of the mutant proteins were measured by their susceptibility to urea
      denaturation. Creation of a cavity the size of a -CH2-group destabilizes the
      enzyme by 1.1 kcal mol-1, and a cavity the size of three such groups by 4.0 kcal
      mol-1.

PMID- 3386723
TI  - NIH speeds to resolve charges of scientific error.

PMID- 3386724
TI  - Embryo research ban causes ructions in West Germany.

PMID- 3386725
TI  - International outlook for embryo research.

PMID- 3386726
TI  - AIDS vaccine trials to begin in Geneva.

PMID- 3386727
TI  - Struggle ahead over abolition of academic tenure in Britain.

PMID- 3386728
TI  - Postal ban proposed on exchange of dangerous microbes.

PMID- 3386729
TI  - Visual perception. Contours revealed by concealment.

PMID- 3386730
TI  - Advantages of heat-stable vaccines.

PMID- 3386731
TI  - Myosin heads in muscle thick filament assembly.

PMID- 3386732
TI  - Designing antibodies for human therapies.

PMID- 3386733
TI  - Transgenes as probes for active chromosomal domains in mouse development.
AB  - Embryonic development entails a well defined temporal and spatial programme of
      gene expression, which may be influenced by active chromosomal domains. These
      chromosomal domains can be detected using transgenes which integrate randomly
      throughout the genome, as their expression can be affected by chromosomal
      position. Position effects are probably exerted most strongly on transgenes that
      do not contain strong promoters, enhancers or other modulating sequences. Here we
      have systematically explored position effects using a transgene with the weak
      herpes-simplex-virus thymidine-kinase promoter, linked to the readily visualized
      lacZ indicator gene (HSV-TK-lacZ). Each transgenic fetus with detectable
      expression displayed a unique lacZ staining pattern. Thus expression of this
      construct is apparently dictated entirely by its chromosomal position, without
      any construct specificity. Furthermore the transgene is faithfully transmitted to
      subsequent generations, allowing for systematic mapping of changes in expression
      during development and in adult life. These results demonstrate that transgenes
      can indeed be powerful tools to probe the genome for active chromosomal regions,
      with the potential for identifying endogenous genes involved in organogenesis and
      pattern formation.

PMID- 3386734
TI  - Cell motility. Molecular motor mechanics.

PMID- 3386735
TI  - Cystic fibrosis allele segregation.

PMID- 3386736
TI  - MRC joins hands with Sumitomo.

PMID- 3386737
TI  - US protests about possible drugs for AIDS treatment.

PMID- 3386738
TI  - Japan keeps its options open on genome sequencing project.

PMID- 3386739
TI  - Gorbachev encourages change in science as elsewhere.

PMID- 3386740
TI  - US space sciences look to the future.

PMID- 3386741
TI  - Extra-pair copulation and sperm competition in the zebra finch.
AB  - Most birds are monogamous, but recent studies have shown that extra-pair
      copulations (EPCs) occur frequently despite a range of paternity guards,
      including mate-guarding and frequent copulation. Although EPCs are known to
      result in extra-pair paternity, there are no previous quantitative estimates of
      the success of EPCs in fertilizing eggs. We present here estimates of the
      likelihood of success of extra-pair copulations in a monogamous passerine, the
      zebra finch Poephila guttata. We show that (1) EPCs occurring under semi-natural
      conditions in captivity result in extra-pair paternity, (2) sperm from the last
      male to mate has precedence over previous matings: a single EPC occurring last is
      disproportionately successful in fertilizing eggs, but EPCs followed by further
      pair copulations have a low probability of success. These results have important
      implications for sexual selection theory.

PMID- 3386742
TI  - Guidance of optic nerve fibres by N-cadherin adhesion molecules.
AB  - The dendritic branches (neurites) of developing neurons migrate along specific
      pathways to reach their targets. It has been suggested that this migration is
      guided by factors present on the surface of other neurons or glial cells. The
      molecular nature of such factors, however, remains to be elucidated. N-cadherin
      is a cell-surface glycoprotein which belongs to the cadherin family of cell-cell
      adhesion molecules. This adhesion molecule is expressed in various neuronal cells
      as well as in glial cells of the central and peripheral nervous systems in
      vertebrate embryos and recent immunological studies suggested that N-cadherin may
      play a role in guiding the migration of neurites on myotubes or astrocytes. To
      further examine this possibility, we used a molecular-genetic approach; that is,
      we examined the outgrowth of chicken embryonic optic axons on monolayer cultures
      of Neuro 2a or L cells transfected with the complementary DNA encoding chicken N
      cadherin. The data indicate that N-cadherin is used as a guide molecule for the
      migration of optic axons on cell surfaces.

PMID- 3386743
TI  - Calcium and light adaptation in retinal rods and cones.
AB  - Retinal rods and cones respond to light with a membrane hyperpolarization. This
      hyperpolarization is mediated by an ionic conductance (the light-regulated
      conductance) that is kept open in darkness by cyclic GMP acting as a ligand, and
      which closes in the light as a result of an increase in cGMP hydrolysis triggered
      by illumination. Calcium ions appear to have a role in this phototransduction
      process: they provide negative feedback between the conductance, which is
      permeable to Ca2+ (refs 4, 5), and the concentration of cGMP, which is sensitive
      to Ca2+ (refs 6-8). This feedback down-regulates the sensitivity to light of a
      photoreceptor and probably contributes to the important phenomenon of light
      adaptation in vision. It is still not clear, however, how much of the light
      adaptation is actually attributable to this Ca2+ feedback. We have examined the
      responses of amphibian rods and cones to light with the Ca2+ feedback removed.
      Normally, the response of a cell to a step of light rises transiently to a peak,
      but rapidly relaxes to a lower level, indicative of light adaptation. When the
      feedback is removed, however, the relaxation of the response is completely
      absent; furthermore, the steady response levels at different light-step
      intensities are well predicted by a statistical superposition of invariant single
      photon responses. We therefore conclude that the Ca2+ feedback underlies
      essentially all light adaptation in rods and cones.

PMID- 3386744
TI  - Animal guidelines.

PMID- 3386745
TI  - Compromise report issued by White House AIDS commission.

PMID- 3386746
TI  - New faces for scientific publishing empire.

PMID- 3386747
TI  - Picomolar concentrations of lead stimulate brain protein kinase C.
AB  - Recent growth studies in children suggest that there is no threshold for adverse
      effects from the universal exposure to inorganic lead. The biochemical mechanisms
      mediating low-level toxicity are unclear, but in several biological systems, lead
      alters calcium-mediated cellular processes and may mimic calcium in binding to
      regulatory proteins. Here we present evidence that lead stimulates diacylglycerol
      activated calcium and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase, protein kinase C,
      partially purified from rat brain. Picomolar concentrations of lead are
      equivalent to micromolar calcium in kinase activation, so this regulatory enzyme
      is sensitive to the lead levels expected from current environmental exposure.

PMID- 3386748
TI  - Force measurements by micromanipulation of a single actin filament by glass
      needles.
AB  - Single actin filaments (approximately 7 nm in diameter) labelled with fluorescent
      phalloidin can be clearly seen by video-fluorescence microscopy. This technique
      has been used to observe motions of single filaments in solution and in several
      in vitro movement assays. In a further development of the technique, we report
      here a method to catch and manipulate a single actin filament (F-actin) by glass
      microneedles under conditions in which external force on the filament can be
      applied and measured. Using this method, we directly measured the tensile
      strength of a filament (the force necessary to break the bond between two actin
      monomers) and the force required for a filament to be moved by myosin or its
      proteolytic fragment bound to a glass surface in the presence of ATP. The first
      result shows that the tensile strength of the F-actin-phalloidin complex is
      comparable with the average force exerted on a single thin filament in muscle
      fibres during isometric contraction. This force is increased only slightly by
      tropomyosin. The second measurement shows that the myosin head (subfragment-1)
      can produce the same ATP-dependent force as intact myosin. The magnitude of this
      force is comparable with that produced by each head of myosin in muscle during
      isometric contraction.

PMID- 3386749
TI  - Leukaemia in UK.

PMID- 3386750
TI  - Computed redox potentials and the design of bioreductive agents.
AB  - Anti-cancer agents that have been made selective for tumour cells by exploiting
      the known differences in the availability of oxygen between normal and
      transformed cells are a promising development in cancer chemotherapy. We have
      recently suggested a new type of bioreductive activity which would depend on a
      two-electron reduction. For rational design of such compounds, it is essential to
      be able to predict the redox potentials and the chemical modifications needed to
      produce the optimum redox value. Calculating redox potentials is a daunting task
      for the theoretician, however, as the effect of water solvation is clearly of
      major significance. Recent successful calculations of differences in the free
      energies of biologically important molecules in aqueous solution using the free
      energy perturbation method prompted us to apply the technique to the computation
      of two-electron redox potentials. The results are accurate to within 20 mV,
      suggesting that we should be able to manipulate redox potentials by successfully
      predicting structures with the appropriate value.

PMID- 3386751
TI  - The three-dimensional structure of a DNA duplex containing looped-out bases.
AB  - Unpaired bases in DNA have been assigned a possible role in the mechanism of
      frameshift mutagenesis in sequences with repeated base pairs. They also occur in
      quasipalindromic DNA sequences, which have been implicated in mutagenesis where
      there are no repeated base pairs, through the formation of single-stranded
      hairpin loops. The conformation of unpaired bases in DNA has been the subject of
      numerous thermodynamic as well as high resolution NMR (nuclear magnetic
      resonance) studies (reviewed in ref. 4). The NMR studies in solution have shown
      that the duplex of the tridecamer DNA fragment d(CGCAGAATTCGCG) remains intact,
      and that the unpaired adenosines are stacked into the duplex. Having crystallized
      this oligonucleotide and determined its structure, we find its conformation in
      the crystal is close to that of a B-DNA duplex, with the two additional
      adenosines looped out from the double helix and causing little disruption of the
      rest of the structure.

PMID- 3386752
TI  - Crystal structure of 15-mer DNA duplex containing unpaired bases.
AB  - Errors during DNA replication or repair can lead to the presence of unpaired or
      inserted bases in the double helix, as well as to mismatched base pairs. So far
      only structures of the latter type have been characterized by X-ray
      crystallography. We report here a 3-A crystal structure of DNA 15-mer
      d(CGCGAAATTTACGCG), which forms a duplex with two unpaired adenine residues
      looped outside the B-type helix. This arrangement is in disagreement with the
      nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy results for the same 15-mer in solution,
      indicating polymorphic nature of the structure adopted by this sequence.

PMID- 3386753
TI  - Segregation of cystic fibrosis allele.

PMID- 3386754
TI  - Projection neurons within a vocal motor pathway are born during song learning in
      zebra finches.
AB  - Many birds learn song during a restricted 'sensitive' period. Juveniles memorize
      a song model, and then learn the pattern of muscle contractions necessary to
      reproduce the song. Of the neural changes accompanying avian song learning,
      perhaps the most remarkable is the production of new neurons which are inserted
      into the hyperstriatum ventralis pars caudalis (HVc), a region critical for song
      production. We report here that in young male zebra finches many of the new
      neurons incorporated into the HVc innervate the robust nucleus of the
      archistriatum (RA) which projects to motor neurons controlling the vocal
      musculature. Furthermore, far fewer of these new neurons are incorporated into
      the HVc of either adult males that are beyond the sensitive learning period, or
      young females (who do not develop song). Thus, a major portion of the vocal motor
      pathway is actually created during song learning. This may enable early sensory
      experience and vocal practice to not only modify existing neuronal circuits, but
      also shape the insertion and initial synaptic contacts of neurons controlling
      adult song.

PMID- 3386755
TI  - HIV-1 tat trans-activation requires the loop sequence within tar.
AB  - Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) is the primary retroviral agent responsible
      for AIDS and related disorders worldwide. One of its identified gene products,
      tat protein, stimulates in trans the expression of all HIV-1 genes by several
      orders of magnitude. Cells infected with HIV-1 require tat protein to produce
      virus, suggesting that trans-activation is crucial for viral replication. The
      essential cis-acting site for trans-activation, termed tar, resides within the R
      region of the HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR), between -17 and +54 with respect
      to the initiation site of viral transcription. It is striking that the RNA
      encoded between +1 and +59 has the potential to form an extensive stem-loop
      secondary structure which, as a portion of the untranslated leader RNA, would be
      common to all HIV-1 mRNAs. We now present the results of nucleotide substitution
      experiments which suggest that tat trans-activation requires presentation of the
      sequence +30CUGGG+34 in tar within the loop of a RNA hairpin structure.

PMID- 3386756
TI  - Phosphorylation of elongation factor 2 by EF-2 kinase affects rate of
      translation.
AB  - A new Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase has been recently discovered in
      mammalian cells. The major substrate of this kinase, a protein of relative
      molecular mass (Mr) approximately equal to 100,000 (100K), has been identified as
      elongation factor 2 (EF-2), which participates in protein synthesis. The in vivo
      activity of the EF-2 kinase depends upon growth factors and other agents
      affecting the level of Ca2+ and cAMP. Its effect on EF-2 activity, however,
      remained obscure. This work shows that the phosphorylation of EF-2 by the EF-2
      kinase results in a drastic inhibition of polyphenylalanine synthesis in poly(U)
      directed translation. Phosphorylated EF-2 is completely inactive in translation
      and, moreover, inhibits the activity of non-phosphorylated EF-2.
      Dephosphorylation of EF-2 by phosphatase restores its activity. Hence, the
      phosphorylation of EF-2 directly affects the elongation stage of translation and
      thus represents a novel mechanism of translational control.

PMID- 3386757
TI  - X-ray structure of a DNA hairpin molecule.
AB  - We have solved the crystal structure of a synthetic DNA hexadecanucleotide of
      sequence: C-G-C-G-C-G-T-T-T-T-C-G-C-G-C-G, at 2.1 A resolution, and observed that
      it adopts a monomeric hairpin configuration with a Z-DNA hexamer stem. In the T4
      loop the bases stack with one another and with neighbouring molecules of the
      crystal, and not with base pairs of their own hexamer stem. Two thymine T10 rings
      from different molecules stack between the C1-G16 ends of a third and a fourth
      hairpin helix, in a manner that suggests T-T base 'pairing' and simulates a long,
      13-base-pair helix. Although such T-T interactions would not be present in
      solution, they illustrate a remarkable tendency of thymines for self-association.
      Purine-purine G-A base pairs are known to exist in the anti-anti conformation
      with an increase in local helix width; it may be that more serious consideration
      should be given to the possible existence of pyrimidine-pyrimidine C-T base pairs
      with decreased local helix width, particularly where several such base pairs
      occur sequentially.

PMID- 3386758
TI  - Bavarian AIDS ruling will go to appeal.

PMID- 3386759
TI  - British physicians brood on HIV testing and 'designer children'.

PMID- 3386760
TI  - Renewed efforts by French haemophiliacs on compensation.

PMID- 3386761
TI  - Australian fraud inquiry under way.

PMID- 3386762
TI  - Who should pay?

PMID- 3386763
TI  - [Neuromuscular disease: a view on viewpoints].

PMID- 3386764
TI  - [Biochemical study of deficient mitochondria in muscle tissue].

PMID- 3386765
TI  - [Carnitine deficiency].

PMID- 3386766
TI  - [Clinical symptoms of mitochondrial myopathies].

PMID- 3386767
TI  - [The diagnosis of neuromuscular diseases using computerized tomography].

PMID- 3386768
TI  - [Recovery of damaged peripheral nerves and the effect of neuropeptides on it].

PMID- 3386769
TI  - [Current viewpoints in dystrophia myotonica].

PMID- 3386770
TI  - [Congenital myopathies].

PMID- 3386771
TI  - [The significance of increased creatine-kinase activity in the serum of patients
      without primary neuromuscular disease].

PMID- 3386772
TI  - [Expressed emotion and its relation to illness course markers in schizophrenic,
      cyclothymic and neurotic patients].

PMID- 3386773
TI  - [Stress load and schizophrenic disorder].

PMID- 3386774
TI  - [Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy in bulimia nervosa with chronic poisoning by
      laxatives].

PMID- 3386775
TI  - [Combined recurrence-preventive treatment of manic-depressive disease with
      lithium and carbamazepine or oxcarbazepine].

PMID- 3386776
TI  - Biotin transport and metabolism in the central nervous system.
AB  - The mechanisms by which biotin enters and leaves brain, choroid plexus and
      cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were investigated by injecting [3H]biotin either
      intravenously or intraventricularly into adult rabbits. [3H] biotin, either alone
      or together with unlabeled biotin was infused at a constant rate into conscious
      rabbits. At 180 minutes, [3H]biotin had entered CSF, choroid plexus, and brain.
      In brain, CSF, and plasma, greater than 90% of the nonvolatile 3H was associated
      with [3H]biotin. The addition of 400 mumol/kg unlabeled biotin to the infusion
      syringe decreased the penetration of [3H]biotin into brain and CSF by
      approximately 70 percent. Two hours after an intraventricular injection,
      [3H]biotin was cleared from the CSF more rapidly than mannitol and minimal
      metabolism of the [3H]biotin had occurred in brain. However, 18 hours after an
      intraventricular injection, approximately 35% of the [3H]biotin remaining in
      brain had been covalently incorporated into proteins, presumably into carboxylase
      apoenzymes. These results show that biotin enters CSF and brain by saturable
      transport systems that do not depend on metabolism of the biotin. However,
      [3H]biotin is very slowly incorporated covalently into proteins in brain in vivo.

PMID- 3386777
TI  - [Surgical treatment of intracranial giant aneurysms].

PMID- 3386778
TI  - [Correlation between abnormal SSEP and clinicoradiological findings in cervical
      lesions].
AB  - The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the short latency somatosensory evoked
      potentials (SSEP) in the diagnosis of cervical lesions. Recordings were obtained
      from 59 patients with cervical lesions which included 24 cases of cervical
      spondylosis, 4 cases of disc herniation, 14 cases of OPLL, 4 cases of
      intramedullary tumor, 7 cases of extramedullary tumor and 6 cases of
      syringomyelia. SSEP changes in these cases were classified into three major types
      as follows: type I; normal SSEP, type II; prolongation of interpeak latency, and
      type III; absence of the component of SSEP. Types II and III were subdivided into
      two subgroups, respectively, as follows: type IIa; prolongation of interpeak
      latency between P9 and P11, type IIb; prolongation of P11-P13, type IIIa; no
      responses after P11 and type IIIb; no responses after P13. Type I was detected in
      25 cases (42%), type II in 16 cases (27%), and type III in 18 cases (31%). These
      SSEP findings were compared with clinicoradiological findings. In type I, the
      locations of the lesions confirmed by the radiological findings were variable,
      and there was no definite tendency in the localizations. 80% of type I showed
      only numbness of extremities or disturbance of the superficial sensations. The
      cervical lesion was located just under the C5 vertebral level in type IIa and
      IIIa, while the lesion was extended above the C4 vertebral level in type IIb and
      IIIb. These results were explained by the generation sites of P11 and P13 (P11
      originated from the lower dorsal column, and P13 from nearby the dorsal column
      nucleus).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3386779
TI  - [Delayed cerebral radionecrosis associated with brain edema].
AB  - In a patient with a delayed cerebral radionecrosis, we examined the
      ultrastructural changes of capillaries and discussed the cause of the development
      of severe brain edema which is one of specific features of the radionecrosis. A
      42-year-old male was found to have cerebral radionecrosis two and one-half years
      following split-course radiotherapy which was done after subtotal excision of a
      left parasagittal meningioma. The surgical specimens were studied with
      conventional ultrathin section and freeze-fracture replica techniques. The common
      characteristics of capillary endothelia were attenuation of its electron density,
      less degree of surface infolding, irregular thin and thick width, increased
      pinocytotic vesicles which were calculated as 37 per square micron with replica
      preparations. The discontinuity of endothelia was also revealed. The basal
      laminae were irregular in thickness. The pericapillary space was markedly
      enlarged. A fibrin-like substance accumulated in the extravascular space.
      Inflammatory cells also infiltrated the pericapillary zone. The tight junctions
      were preserved. The intercellular junctions were composed of 5 strands which
      appeared to be a continuous array of particles. We concluded that activated
      pinocytotic vesicles (vesicular transport) played an important role in increasing
      the permeability in the vessels of delayed cerebral radionecrosis, in addition to
      a possible leakage through discontinuity of endothelia.

PMID- 3386780
TI  - [The critical threshold of cerebral perfusion pressure in intracranial pressure
      circumstance of hydrocephalus during infancy].
AB  - In cases of brain insults in infants including those who are superimposed with
      increased intracranial pressure, the importance of management of cerebral
      hemodynamics has been stressed. As yet, minimal information is available on
      hydrocephalus. The aim of this clinical study is to clarify the circumstance of
      intracranial pressure in hydrocephalic infants with cerebrovascular compromise.
      Polygraphical and continuous intracranial pressure recordings were done in 20
      hydrocephalic newborns and infants of various etiologies including 16
      hydrocephalus of preshunted state, two cases of shunt dysfunction and two cases
      of slit ventricle syndrome. Analysis of intracranial pressure circumstance was
      done both quantitatively and qualitatively using newly devised microcomputer
      aided analyzing system. As a cerebrovascularly compromised index of the
      intracranial pressure circumstance, the transmission ratio of systemic arterial
      pressure to intracranial pressure defined by Ikeyama, et al.: eta HB (PP of
      ICP/PP of SABP) was used. There exists bilinear correlation between ICP and eta
      HB, and more clearly, between CPP and eta HB. Thus, the correlation graph shows
      the breakpoint of ICP and CPP in relation to eta HB. Abnormal waves similar to
      Lundberg's A and B are recorded. They appear under the condition of high range of
      eta HB, and also, below the level of breakpoint of CPP or ICP, and show the
      characteristic features of pressure waves. During their appearance, the
      respiratory pattern shows a uniform sequential changes from dysrhythmia, ataxia
      to hyperventilation. The breakpoint of CPP in relation to eta HB, which is the
      critical level of CPP where the less tighter intracranial circumstance is
      maintained above this level, was clarified in hydrocephalus during
      infancy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3386781
TI  - [Treatment of recurrent craniopharyngioma].
AB  - Treatment results on 48 patients with "recurrent" craniopharyngioma treated by
      surgery or/and radiation are analyzed. Median relapse-free survival time was 43.6
      months in patients treated initially with radiation and 22.2 months without.
      Operative death occurred in 17% of all patients and in 3 out of six patients
      after total removal. The five- and ten-year survival rates were 91.7% and 66.8%,
      respectively, for 14 patients treated with combined surgery and radiation
      therapy. For 26 patients treated with surgery, the survival rates were 20.3% and
      10.1%. All of 6 patients, who had received both initial and later radiotherapy,
      were well 1/2 to 18 years later without clinical evidence of radiation injury.
      These results lead us to the following conclusions: 1) A radical surgery in
      recurrent cases has the higher risks of mortality and morbidity than that of the
      first radical surgery. 2) Radiation therapy improved the survival rate of
      patients with "recurrent" craniopharyngioma. 3) After initial radiation therapy,
      additional irradiation was allowed based on the scale of nominal standard dosage
      and the estimation of "decay factor".

PMID- 3386782
TI  - [Angiosarcoma of the liver and pineal region].
AB  - Angiosarcoma is a rare malignant tumor originating from vascular endothelial
      cells. We have experienced a case of 17-year-old man, who had angiosarcoma in the
      pineal region and the liver. Patient's initial symptom was headache and CT scan
      revealed a high density mass in the pineal region with obstructive hydrocephalus.
      After the radiation therapy, the tumor was disappeared completely on CT scan. One
      year later, he developed abdominal pain, and CT scan and angiogram revealed
      multiple angioma like lesions in the liver. The mass in the pineal region showed
      concomitant regrowth, and finally, the patient was died of abdominal hemorrhage.
      At autopsy, pineal tumor and hepatic tumor were both angiosarcomas, although it
      was uncertain which was the original tumor.

PMID- 3386783
TI  - [Microtumor presenting with temporal lobe epilepsy--a case report].
AB  - A 15-year-old girl was admitted to our clinic on July 16, 1985 with the epilepsy
      which had been resistant to various anticonvulsant therapies. At the age of 10
      years automatism seizure, characterized by purposeless movement of arms and head
      of which the patient was unaware, began to occur and became as frequent as two to
      three times each day. From the age of 13 years, there were also grand mal
      seizures several times a year in spite of medical treatment. She had normal
      delivery and no history of febrile convulsion. There was no family history of
      epilepsy or mental disease. When examined on admission, she had normal
      personality and intelligence. There was no neurological abnormality. She
      complained of sleepiness and hirsutiness. Fit of automatism occurred two to three
      times a day during admission, though the blood levels of anticonvulsant drugs
      such as phenobarbital, phenytoin and carbamazepine reached to therapeutic
      concentration. EEG examination including infratemporal lead recording showed
      right temporal spike focus. But all the neuroradiological studies such as skull X
      rays, CT, cerebral angiography and magnetic resonance imaging failed to show
      abnormal finding. Right temporal lobectomy was carried out under general
      anesthesia on Aug 22, 1985, and anterior two-thirds of the middle and the
      inferior temporal gyri were resected deeply to anterior hippocampus. To the naked
      eye, no abnormal finding was noted during the operation. In the surgical
      specimen, macroscopically nothing abnormal was found. Microscopically, serial
      sections of the lobe revealed clusters of oligodendroglial cells in cortical to
      subcortical region of the medial basal part of the temporal lobe.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3386784
TI  - [An autopsy case of persistent primitive hypoglossal artery with multiple
      cerebral aneurysms].
AB  - An autopsy case of persistent primitive hypoglossal artery (PPHA) with multiple
      cerebral aneurysms is reported. A 54-year-old man with subarachnoid hemorrhage
      was admitted to Kuwana Hospital three days after the onset. The patient was
      stuporous and had stiffness of the neck. A computed tomogram showed hematoma in
      the interhemispheric fissure, subarachnoid hemorrhage in the basal cisterns and
      bilateral Sylvian fissures, and maxked dilatation of ventricles. Cerebral
      angiogram revealed the left PPHA and multiple aneurysms at the right anterior
      cerebral artery (A 2) (ruptured), anterior communicating artery, left anterior
      cerebral artery (A 1), left internal carotid-anterior choroidal artery junction,
      right internal carotid artery (C 1), and right middle cerebral artery. Neck
      clipping of the ruptured aneurysm and ventricular drainage were performed on the
      day of admission. Eight days after admission he died of rupture of the residual
      aneurysm. In pathological study, the PPHA was originated from the extracranial
      portion of the left internal carotid artery, 2 cm distal from the cervical
      carotid bifurcation, entered the intracranial space through the hypoglossal
      foramen, and turned into the basilar artery. There were six aneurysms which were
      shown on cerebral angiogram and another aneurysm on the left anterior inferior
      cerebellar artery. Microscopic examination revealed atherosclerotic change of the
      PPHA, true aneurysmal changes of the seven aneurysms and defect of tunica media
      (Forbus' medial gap) at all of the arterial bifurcations without early aneurysmal
      changes.

PMID- 3386785
TI  - [Optic glioma in neonates--report of two cases].
AB  - We report two cases of optic glioma in neonates, which is rare and only 3 similar
      cases can be found in the literature so far. Case #1 was a 55-day-old boy having
      been lethargic since around his 25th postnatal day. Case #2 was a 100-day-old
      girl having also been in the same condition as Case #1 since around her 50th
      postnatal day. The tumor in either patients seemed to have originated from chiasm
      or its vicinity and were too large to remove totally. Histopathological diagnosis
      of the tumor was fibrillary astrocytoma grade II in Case #1, and was anaplastic
      astrocytoma grade III in Case #2, both of which are different from the most
      popular pilocytic astrocytoma in so called infantile optic glioma. Now, 5 months
      and 4 years respectively after the operation, mental and somatical developmental
      retardations are already seen in either patients. Their functional prognosis
      seems to be poor.

PMID- 3386786
TI  - [A case report of simultaneous multiple intracerebral hematomas].
AB  - A case of multiple spontaneous intracerebral hematomas is presented. A 67-year
      old man with 7 years history of hypertension had sudden clumsiness in his right
      hand and an hour later dysarthria appeared. A CT scan taken 3 hours after the
      onset revealed two well demarcated high density areas in the left putamen and in
      the parietal subcortex. A diagnosis of multiple intracerebral hematomas was made.
      On neurological examination he was midly stuporous (13 points of Glasgow Coma
      Scale). Dysarthria, right hemiparesis and right extensor plantar response were
      seen. CT scan of 6 hours later disclosed the same findings as the previous study.
      He recovered well and neurologically free in a few days. On the following CT
      scans both hematomas were isodense 2 weeks later, and ring-like enhancement
      effect was noted. CT scan showed normal appearance 7 weeks later. On MRI using
      0.5 T unit t-1 and t-2 weighted spin echo images of these hematomas also showed
      the similar chronological changes. The history, these CT and MRI studies suggest
      that two hematomas of this case occurred almost simultaneously in one cerebral
      hemisphere. No causative factors such as blood dyscrasias, AVM, angioma,
      septicemia, malignancies or sinus thrombosis was identified. We consider that a
      hypertensive intracerebral hematoma of the putamen was followed by the parietal
      intracerebral hematoma within a few hours, although amyloid angiopathy was not
      completely excluded because no cerebral biopsy of the lesion was performed.

PMID- 3386787
TI  - Arginine vasopressin and oxytocin in the porcine corpus luteum.
AB  - The relationship between ovarian oxytocin (OT), vasopressin and progesterone, was
      determined in porcine corpora lutea collected at various stages of the estrous
      cycle. Fractionation by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography
      (HPLC) of extracts from mid-cycle corpora lutea showed the presence of arginine
      vasopressin-like (AVP) material, but not lysine vasopressin-like (LVP) activity.
      The tissue content of progesterone reached maximal amounts at mid-luteal phase,
      and decreased rapidly at the end of the cycle. However, tissue concentration of
      progesterone was the highest in early luteal phase. OT content was unchanged
      throughout the luteal phase of the cycle but declined at the end of the cycle.
      Tissue concentration of OT decreased from early in the cycle but was still
      measurable in the corpus albicans. Changes of AVP content and concentration were
      substantially the same as that of OT, except for a significant increase in AVP
      concentrations at the end of the cycle. These data confirm the presence of OT,
      indicate the dominant presence of AVP and suggest that both hormones may be
      involved in porcine CL function.

PMID- 3386788
TI  - Long-term stimulatory effect of neuropeptide-Y on the growth and steroidogenic
      capacity of rat adrenal zona glomerulosa.
AB  - A prolonged infusion with neuropeptide-Y (NPY) caused a notable hypertrophy of
      the adrenal zona glomerulosa and its parenchymal cells in rats whose hypothalamo
      hypophyseal axis and renin-angiotensin system were pharmacologically interrupted.
      Zona glomerulosa hypertrophy was associated with a significant rise in both basal
      and stimulated plasma levels of aldosterone. Zona fasciculata cells and the blood
      concentration of corticosterone were not affected. These findings suggest that
      NPY is specifically involved in the stimulation of the growth and steroidogenic
      capacity of rat adrenal zona glomerulosa.

PMID- 3386789
TI  - Effects of cholecystokinin-related peptides on self-stimulation behaviour in
      rats.
AB  - The effects of cholecystokinin octapeptide sulfate ester (CCK-8-SE), its N
      terminal tripeptide (CCK-2-4-SE) and its C-terminal tetrapeptide (CCK-5-8) were
      investigated on hypothalamic self-stimulation in rats. CCK-8-SE and CCK-5-8 in
      400 pmole doses inhibited self-stimulation behaviour, while CCK-2-4-SE was
      ineffective. In 80 pmole doses the peptides showed no effect. It is suggested
      that CCK-5-8 itself influences self-stimulation behaviour.

PMID- 3386790
TI  - Endoneural mechanisms of reinforcement.

PMID- 3386791
TI  - Motor asymmetry of the forelimbs of rats.

PMID- 3386792
TI  - Role of the medial geniculate body in the production of conditioned reflexes to
      amplitude-modulated stimuli in rats.

PMID- 3386793
TI  - Activity of medial wall neurons in frontal cortex of rat brain during delayed
      response reactions.

PMID- 3386794
TI  - Influence of the genotype on the formation of aggressive and submissive behavior
      in mice.

PMID- 3386795
TI  - Participation of the substantia innominata in differential inhibition in cats.

PMID- 3386796
TI  - Adaptivity of receptive fields of neurons in the posterotemporal cortex and their
      sensitivity to parameters of light stimulation in cats.

PMID- 3386797
TI  - Coherent EEG analysis during development of trace processes of the polarization
      dominant in rabbits.

PMID- 3386798
TI  - Compensation and habituation in the cortical segment of the visceral analyzer.
AB  - The processes of compensation and habituation in the S1 zone of the cerebral
      cortex in response to stimulation of the pelvic nerves were studied in
      experiments with anesthetized and immobilized cats. It was shown that after the
      unilateral shutdown of the cerebral cortex of one hemisphere, the properties and
      character of evoked potentials in the remaining, intact hemisphere and the
      reactions of the neurons to electrical stimulation of the visceral nerves are
      altered: a single system develops, characterized by a uniformity of the shape and
      of the latent periods of evoked potentials, as well as an increase in the area
      from which they are recorded. The neurons of the compensated hemisphere are
      transformed from monolaterally sensitive neurons to bilaterally sensitive. All
      these traits appear long after surgery. The process of habituation in the
      remaining, preserved cortical center to prolonged stimulation of the pelvic
      nerves is accelerated. The obtained data indicate the activation of learning
      mechanisms in the injured brain during its compensatory reorganization in zones
      of the brain where the afferent projections of the visceral nerves are
      represented.

PMID- 3386799
TI  - Factor of selectivity in organization of complex behavior in primates.
AB  - Selectivity in the activity of the mammalian brain is examined on the basis of an
      analysis of a substantial experimental material obtained in our laboratory during
      the investigation of the conditioned reflex and delayed behavior in lower and
      higher primates.

PMID- 3386800
TI  - Participation of the brainstem visceral centers in the formation of emotional and
      behavioral reactions.
AB  - The effect of electrical stimulation of the region of the medial parabrachial
      nucleus on the behavior of albino rats is studied in chronic experiments.
      Stimulation of this region is found to cause an increase in the rate of
      respiration and inhibition of natural behavioral reactions and reactions elicited
      by stimulation of the nuclei of the amygdala, lateral hypothalamus, and the zona
      incerta of the brain. Similar inhibitory effects are noted for stimulation of
      certain zones of the midbrain cuneate nucleus and regions of the pontine suture.
      The inhibitory influence of stimulation of the parabrachial nucleus on behavior
      is thought to be due to the switching-on of the central mechanisms of inhibition
      of motor activity in animals.

PMID- 3386801
TI  - Participation of the nigro-striatal and mesolimbic dopaminergic systems of the
      brain in the control of components of learned motor responses in dogs.
AB  - We studied the role of the striatal and limbic dopaminergic systems in the
      regulation of instrumentally conditioned avoidance behavior and postural
      adjustment in chronic experiments on dogs. Dopamine in doses of 3 micrograms was
      introduced bilaterally into the caudate nucleus head and the nucleus accumbens of
      the forebrain through implanted cannuli. Predominantly unidirectional effects
      were demonstrated, but a clear acceleration of the initiations of both
      conditioned-reflex postural adjustment and voluntary movement were obtained from
      the caudate nucleus; there was a marked degree of expressiveness to this
      movement. The greatest effects were obtained during simultaneous, bilateral
      introduction of dopamine into both structures in dogs with an akinetic form of
      motor pathology. We conclude that the integration of the striatal and limbic
      dopaminergic systems is of critical necessity for the initiation and regulation
      of the components of voluntary movement.

PMID- 3386802
TI  - Role of the hippocampus and its monoamine-reactive systems in the mechanisms of
      sleep in cats.

PMID- 3386803
TI  - Dynamic CT of cranio-cervical vascular occlusive disease.
AB  - Occlusive disease of the major vascular structures of the head and neck produce
      classic findings on conventional angiography that are mirrored in the sequences
      obtained on intravenous dynamic computed tomography (IVDCT). As a complement of
      the initial computed tomographic (CT) workup, IVDCT provides immediate, important
      diagnostic information, helps to direct appropriate clinico-radiologic triage
      with minimum delay, and may obviate more invasive studies in selected clinical
      settings.

PMID- 3386804
TI  - Analysis of the angiographic findings in cases of childhood moyamoya disease.
AB  - Cerebral angiograms of 34 patients with childhood moyamoya disease have been
      analysed, this analysis having revealed the following findings. The blood flow to
      abnormal net-like vessels (ANV) in the base of the brain is mainly supplied from
      the internal carotid artery (ICA) in the early stage of this disease. In a later
      stage, however, the blood supply is mainly from the posterior cerebral artery
      (PCA). Though, no remarkable change was found in the volumes of ANV from the
      early to later stages of the disease, the leptomeningeal collaterals, the most
      prominent anastomoses in moyamoya disease, had a tendency to decrease during the
      later stage with the development of PCA stenosis. Eighteen occlusive PCA lesions
      were found in the proximal portion of the PCA in eight cases (44%), and in the
      distal in nine cases (50%). The incidence of aneurysm (1.5%) and intracranial
      bleeding was low as compared to cases of adult moyamoya disease.

PMID- 3386805
TI  - The unilateral hyperdense middle cerebral artery: an early CT-sign of embolism or
      thrombosis.
AB  - In four patients with acute neurologic deficits non-enhanced CT on admission
      showed a hyperdense segment of one middle cerebral artery. These patients
      eventually turned out to have complete infarctions of the middle cerebral artery
      territory, the high density representing an intravascular clot. Three patients
      died within a few days and one survived with disabling deficits, so this
      visualisation of emboli on CT may be considered to be a sign of a poor prognosis.

PMID- 3386806
TI  - Functional diagnostics of the cervical spine using computer tomography.
AB  - 35 healthy adults and 137 patients after cervical spine injury were examined by
      functional CT. The range of axial rotation at the level occiput/atlas, atlas/axis
      and the segment below were measured in all subjects. A rotation occiput/atlas of
      more than 7 degrees, and C1/C2 more than 54 degrees could indicate segmental
      hypermobility, a rotation at the segment C1/C2 less than 29 degrees to
      hypomobility. According to the postulated normal values based upon a 98%
      confidence level, out of 137 patients examined after cervical spine injury and
      with therapy-resistant neck pain, 45 showed signs of segmental hypermobility of
      the upper cervical spine, 17 showed hyper- or hypomobility at different levels,
      10 patients presented segmental hypomobility at C1/C2 level alone. In all
      patients, according to the clinical assessment, functional pathology was
      suspected in the upper cervical spine. Surgical correction of rotary instability
      should be considered as a possible therapeutic procedure after successful
      diagnostic stabilisation of the cervical spine by minerva cast.

PMID- 3386807
TI  - CT reconstruction technique in lumbar intraneuroforaminal disc herniation.
AB  - The CT appearance of the lumbar neural foramina and contents is described in
      detail and compared to histopathological specimens. Direct axial scans with
      secondary sagittal, coronal and paraxial reconstruction series of slices of the
      neural foramen were derived from lumbar spine examination of fifty normal adults.
      These normal parameters were then used to evaluate and subdivide 20 patients with
      disc herniation involving the neural foramen. The new paraxial reformation was
      able to show an intraneuroforaminal disc involvement. CT-reformation technique
      and operative results in intraneuroforaminal disc herniation correspond in 80%.
      This improvement in preoperative diagnosis demonstrates to the neurosurgeon the
      full extent of disc herniation and results in an optimized operative approach.

PMID- 3386808
TI  - Gadolinium-DTPA as a contrast agent in magnetic resonance imaging of the brain.
AB  - One hundred patients with CT-proven intracranial disease have been studied by
      magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before and after intravenous injection with
      Gadolinium-DTPA (Gd-DTPA), in order to assess the role and clinical efficacy of
      Gd-DTPA. T2-weighted spin echo sequences, although sensitive to the detection of
      intracranial disease, in general fail to differentiate macroscopic tumor from
      oedema. Following Gd-DTPA, T1-weighted spin echo sequences in primary tumours
      demonstrated a variable degree of contrast enhancement unrelated to histological
      type. Small tumours, especially acoustic neuromas and meningiomas in the
      posterior fossa, were rendered more conspicuous. Optimum time for scanning was
      between five and 25 min following injection for all lesions except those adjacent
      to normal enhancing structures such as nasal/sinus mucosa and pituitary gland
      when delayed scans up to 45 min were necessary. No differences were observed
      between the 0.1 and 0.2 mmol/kg Gd-DTPA concentrations used and no complications
      attributable to Gd-DTPA were detected. Clinical advantages of Gd-DTPA include
      shorter scan times, macroscopic tumour/oedema separation and improved detection
      of certain tumours, particularly acoustic neuromas.

PMID- 3386809
TI  - MR appearance of Rathke's cleft cysts.
AB  - Two of three patients who proved to have symptomatic Rathke's cleft cysts
      presented with visual field deficit and all with diabetes insipidus. CT showed
      intra- and suprasellar cystic low density lesions with ring enhancement. MR
      showed intra- and suprasellar masses. On the T1-weighted images two of the three
      had hyperintense portions similar to fat and the other a hyperintense portion
      similar to white matter within the cysts. These portions were isointense to brain
      on the T2-weighted images in all cases. This characteristic intensity on MR
      images provides differentiation from cystic pituitary adenomas and cystic
      craniopharyngiomas, and leads to correct diagnosis of Rathke's cleft cyst.

PMID- 3386810
TI  - Computed tomographic diagnosis of septic sinus thrombosis and their
      complications.
AB  - The authors report on five cases of septic sinus thrombosis occurring as early
      complications and/or long-term complications of infections in the head and neck
      region. The necessity for early diagnosis of this condition by high-resolution CT
      scanning is emphasized, as it provides a reliable diagnostic tool to evaluate
      this serious intracranial disease at a relatively early stage, provided an
      intravenous contrast medium is used. Although MRI represents an interesting new
      technique in the assessment of intracranial pathology, it cannot be routinely
      carried out during the acute phase of this condition due to metal life-support
      systems near the patient.

PMID- 3386811
TI  - Modern high resolution computed tomography (CT) diagnosis of longitudinal
      fractures of the petrous bone.
AB  - High resolution computed tomographic (HRCT) examinations were performed in 14
      patients with clinically suspected fractures of the temporal bone (TBF). HRCT
      were performed previously by a sophisticated, but not the latest, generation CT
      scanner. No fractures were demonstrated. The patients were re-examined by the
      latest generation CT scanner which demonstrated unilateral hair-line longitudinal
      fractures of the petrous bone in all of the patients. All the cases were
      associated with partial aeration of the mastoid cells on the affected side. The
      importance of this symptom is discussed.

PMID- 3386812
TI  - Myelography with iohexol (Omnipaque); a clinical report with special reference to
      the adverse effects.
AB  - One thousand myelographies (370 cervical, 77 thoracic and 553 lumbar
      examinations) with iohexol (Omnipaque) were performed in 922 patients. No
      convulsions were seen. Transient hallucinations were reported in one patient.
      Headache occurred in 38%. The highest frequency of headache (52%) was reported
      following cervical myelography with lumbar puncture technique, placing the
      patient horizontally after the examination. The lowest frequency (20%) occurred
      following cervical myelography with the C1-C2 puncture technique, placing the
      patient in bed with the head end elevated 20 degrees. Lumbar myelography was
      performed on an out-patient basis in 243 patients. The frequency of headache was
      slightly higher (49%) in this group than in the other lumbar myelography patients
      (34-44%), but no serious complications were seen.

PMID- 3386813
TI  - Autopsy validation of MRI in central pontine myelinolysis.
AB  - In a fatal case of central pontine myelinolysis (CPM) a low field strength (0.08
      Tesla) magnetic resonance image revealed reduction of image intensity in the pons
      with sparing of two central symmetrical areas in the ventral portion. The latter
      correlated with preservation of centrally located groups of longitudinal
      myelinated nerve fibres shown at autopsy. Although such sparing is well
      recognised in pathological studies of CPM it has never previously been
      demonstrated in life.

PMID- 3386814
TI  - Haemorrhagic necrosis of the grey matter of the spinal cord due to accidental
      injection of iopamidol in a patient with multiple neurofibromas; a clinico
      pathological study.
AB  - Cervical laminectomy was performed in a 34-year-old man with multiple spinal
      neurofibromas because of a slowly progressive medullary compression. Four weeks
      later a rapid deterioration necessitated iopamidol myelography by left lateral
      cervical puncture at C2 level. Despite the establishment of adequate spinal fluid
      contact, resulting in imaging of the subarachnoid space, part of the contrast
      medium entered the spinal cord, thus delineating a syrinx from the upper cervical
      extending to the upper thoracic level. After the puncture the patient developed
      triplegia, involving the left arm and both legs and a paresis of the right arm.
      He died from aspiration pneumonia. Autopsy revealed haemorrhagic necrosis of the
      spinal grey matter. This adverse effect of myelography is argued to have been
      conditioned by the extreme immobility and displacement of the spinal cord due to
      the presence of multiple neurofibromas. The deterioration four weeks after the
      operation was probably caused by a further compression of the spinal cord.

PMID- 3386815
TI  - Hand cramps: clinical features and electromyographic patterns in a focal
      dystonia.
AB  - We studied 19 patients with hand cramps, including writer's cramp, typist's
      cramp, piano, and guitar player's cramp. EMGs were recorded while patients
      performed the task triggering the cramps. Ten patients with dystonic cramps had
      EMGs with generalized muscle spasms with co-contraction of agonist and antagonist
      muscles. In three patients with simple cramps that involved one to three fingers,
      specific muscle groups showed co-contracting bursts that lasted longer than
      normal. The physiological abnormalities support the interpretation that hand
      cramp is a focal dystonia, characterized by both excessive muscle activity and
      defective fine motor control.

PMID- 3386816
TI  - Cerebral infarction in sickle cell anemia: mechanism based on CT and MRI.
AB  - We studied 25 patients with sickle cell anemia and cerebral infarction. We
      classified lesions as to probable mechanism (large versus small vessel disease)
      based on the CT/MRI appearance of established infarction. Most patients had
      CT/MRI patterns of major cerebral vessel occlusion (41%) or border-zone (distal
      insufficiency) infarcts (31%) best explained by large cerebral vessel
      vasculopathy. Seven of 25 (28%) had either isolated subcortical (12%) or small
      cortical branch occlusion (16%) consistent with other mechanisms such as small
      vessel occlusion or embolism. These results suggest that most clinically
      recognized cerebral infarctions in sickle cell anemia are caused by large vessel
      disease, but this mechanism may not account for symptoms of cerebral ischemia in
      all cases.

PMID- 3386817
TI  - Practical application of a low-protein diet for Parkinson's disease.
AB  - Thirty-eight patients with Parkinson's disease were treated with a protein
      restricted diet in addition to their usual drug regime. Patients who had failed
      to obtain a significant response to levodopa previously did not benefit. Sixty
      percent of those with fluctuations in response to levodopa improved, primarily
      obtaining an increase in the ratio of "on" to "off" hours. Benefit was always
      noted within a week of diet initiation. The diet was well tolerated with a low
      incidence of side effects, which could usually be reversed by a reduction in
      levodopa dosage. A low-protein diet is a simple adjunct to levodopa therapy that
      can be readily instituted on an outpatient basis. It may improve even those
      patients with fluctuations who have failed to obtain optimal benefit from all
      forms of manipulation of the dosage schedule of levodopa or the addition of newer
      ancillary medications.

PMID- 3386818
TI  - Prevalence and natural history of progressive supranuclear palsy.
AB  - We surveyed neurologists and chronic care facilities in and near two New Jersey
      counties with a combined population of 799,022, regarding cases of progressive
      supranuclear palsy. All suspected cases were examined personally, using rigid
      criteria. The prevalence ratio was 1.39/100,000. A total of 50 New Jersey cases
      yielded median intervals to onset of requiring gait assistance, 3.1 years; visual
      symptoms, 3.9 years; dysarthria, 3.4 years; dysphagia, 4.4 years; requiring
      wheelchair, 8.2 years; and death, 9.7 years.

PMID- 3386819
TI  - Very-high-dose phenobarbital for refractory status epilepticus in children.
AB  - Status epilepticus refractory to initial anticonvulsant therapy is a serious
      condition with a high morbidity and mortality. We present 50 cases with
      refractory status epilepticus (RSE) treated with very-high-dose phenobarbital
      (VHDPB) without reference to a predetermined maximum level or dose. Maximum serum
      levels ranged from 70 to 344 micrograms/ml (median, 114 micrograms/ml). VHDPB
      controlled seizures in all cases where no limits were imposed upon maximum dose
      (47/50). We found no maximum dose beyond which further doses are likely to be
      ineffective. Forty patients were intubated prior to VHDPB, but recovered
      respiratory drive and could be removed from the ventilator despite very high
      serum levels. This is explained by acute drug tolerance. Hypotension was unusual,
      related to the highest levels, and easily controlled. VHDPB has many relative
      advantages over other therapies presently used for RSE.

PMID- 3386820
TI  - Microdysgenesis in resected temporal neocortex: incidence and clinical
      significance in focal epilepsy.
AB  - Fifty patients underwent superficial temporal lobectomy for intractable temporal
      lobe epilepsy. Total cure rate was 52%, and significant improvement was achieved
      in 88%. Cytoarchitectural changes in gray and white tissue were analyzed under
      light microscopy. Neuronal dysgenesis was correlated with the duration of seizure
      disorder, age of onset, and other etiologic factors, and with clinical outcome.
      Temporal lobes from 33 neurologically normal autopsy brains which were age- and
      sex-matched with patients were examined as controls. Severe neuronal ectopia
      (greater than 8 neurons/2 mm2 white matter) was present in 42% of patients with
      epilepsy and in none of controls. There was neuronal clustering in 28% of those
      with epilepsy, and Chaslin's (subpial) gliosis in 38%. Controls did not have
      these changes. The presence of severe neuronal ectopia and clustering was
      predictive of a favorable clinical outcome following surgery (p less than 0.05).
      No correlation was found between microdysgenesis and other factors. These
      findings suggest that the presence of neuronal dysgenesis may be of significance
      in the clinical outcome following surgery, and that the abnormal tissue may be
      important as a morphologic substrate for seizures in some patients.

PMID- 3386821
TI  - Ictus emeticus: an electroclinical analysis.
AB  - We report 31 episodes of ictal vomiting in nine patients, documented by
      simultaneous video and EEG recordings. In four patients, chronically implanted
      subdural electrode arrays recorded the event. Only one patient showed
      "projectile" vomiting. Amnesia for the episode occurred in eight of the nine
      patients. Interictal epileptiform abnormalities were maximal in the right
      temporal region in seven patients and bitemporal in two. Ictal epileptiform
      abnormalities were lateralized to the right hemisphere and involved temporal lobe
      structures in all patients. Three of four patients recorded with subdural
      electrode arrays were seizure-free following right temporal lobectomy, and the
      fourth continues to have ictus emeticus at a reduced rate. The consistent right
      hemisphere lateralization of seizures in this series corroborates with earlier
      reports documenting right-sided lateralization in four of five previous cases.
      Two features that help delineate paroxysmal vomiting as an ictal event are (1)
      patient unawareness of vomiting and (2) its association with other ictal
      phenomena.

PMID- 3386822
TI  - Language dysfunction in early- and late-onset possible Alzheimer's disease.
AB  - Disproportionate involvement of language has been claimed to be a distinguishing
      feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) with onset before age 65. We tested this
      hypothesis in a group of 133 patients with possible AD by NINCDS criteria. Sixty
      one had onset of symptoms prior to age 65; the remaining 72, at 65 or later. The
      two groups were well matched on overall dementia severity as measured by the Mini
      Mental State Exam. Using standardized tests, we did not find any significant
      differences in the severity of language dysfunction between the two groups,
      particularly after controlling for greater attention/concentration deficits in
      the early-onset group. Previous reports of differences in language dysfunction
      between early- and late-onset AD may have been due to small sample sizes and
      nonstandardized testing.

PMID- 3386823
TI  - Prolonged survival and partial recovery in AIDS-associated progressive multifocal
      leukoencephalopathy.
AB  - Two human immunodeficiency virus seropositive patients with progressive
      multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) exhibited a dramatic though incomplete
      recovery of neurologic function and have survived for more than 30 months since
      the onset of symptoms. PML was the initial manifestation of the acquired immune
      deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in both patients, though other opportunistic
      infections have subsequently supervened in one. Brain tissue from both patients
      obtained by stereotactic biopsy showed the typical features of PML, but was also
      characterized by an unusually prominent inflammatory response. Neurologic
      improvement did not appear to correlate with clinical or laboratory measurements
      of immunologic improvement. One patient continued to display neurologic recovery
      despite the development of other opportunistic infections. Though atypical, PML
      in AIDS may be associated with prolonged survival.

PMID- 3386824
TI  - Hereditary dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy: clinical and pathologic variants
      in a family.
AB  - We describe a family showing dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy. Three patients
      appeared through three successive generations and displayed a wide variety of
      clinical pictures. The male proband with onset in childhood showed progressive
      myoclonus epilepsy syndrome. The father experienced cerebellar ataxia, myoclonus,
      and mild dementia starting in middle age; the paternal grandmother had
      progressive symptoms of cerebellar ataxia, choreiform movements, and dementia,
      but neither myoclonus nor epilepsy in senescence. Neuropathologic examination of
      two patients, the proband and the paternal grandmother, revealed combined
      degeneration of the dentatorubral and pallidoluysian systems and obvious
      degeneration involving the striatum in the proband and the cerebellar cortex in
      the grandmother. The present study indicates that this disease can include many
      clinical and pathologic variants even in the same family.

PMID- 3386825
TI  - Treatment response in malignant optic glioma of adulthood.
AB  - Two adults with malignant optic gliomas displayed dramatic tumor shrinkage and
      prolonged survival after radiation therapy alone in one case and combined
      radiation and chemotherapy in the other. Although malignant optic gliomas have
      been reported to be radiation resistant, marked treatment response may occur and
      aggressive treatment protocols should be considered.

PMID- 3386826
TI  - Supplementary motor seizures: clinical and electroencephalographic findings.
AB  - The clinical and EEG features of 11 patients with seizures arising in the
      supplementary motor area (SMA) were reviewed. All patients underwent prolonged
      EEG with simultaneous video recording. Three patients had recordings and
      electrical stimulation of the SMA using subdural electrode arrays. All patients
      had preservation of consciousness during the seizure unless it became secondarily
      generalized. Tonic posturing of the extremities was present in all patients, and
      in seven it was present bilaterally. Adversive movements were not seen unless the
      seizure became secondarily generalized. Interictal and/or ictal abnormalities
      were present at or adjacent to the midline in ten patients. Seizures arising from
      the supplementary motor region are clinically distinct, and the diagnosis can
      almost always be verified with prolonged EEG/video recording.

PMID- 3386827
TI  - Dementia: characteristics of a referral population and factors associated with
      progression.
AB  - We evaluated in a standard fashion 375 patients presenting with complaints of
      memory loss. Etiology of memory loss included senile dementia of the Alzheimer
      type (SDAT)-70%, vascular dementia-5%, mixed dementia (SDAT + vascular)-9%, and
      other etiologies-16%. Incontinence, transient symptoms, and gait disturbances
      occurred more frequently in vascular dementia than in SDAT. A history of
      cardiovascular disease and stroke was more common in vascular dementia than SDAT.
      Disturbances of gait, bradykinesia, and pyramidal tract findings were commonly
      seen in vascular dementia. Advanced technology aided diagnosis in only 6% of
      patients and CT was the most useful of such tests. An earlier age of onset was
      noted in those with a positive family history of SDAT. Duration of symptoms at
      presentation for SDAT patients varied inversely with the rate of progression of
      dementia 15 to 55 months later, suggesting that individuals who progress more
      slowly require more time to elapse before the family or patient realizes the need
      for medical attention.

PMID- 3386828
TI  - Treatment of neurogenic orthostatic hypotension with amezinium metilsulfate, a
      new indirect sympathomimetic drug.
AB  - Amezinium metilsulfate is a new, indirectly acting sympathomimetic drug which
      exclusively affects postganglionic sympathetic neurons and inhibits both
      intraneuronal monoamine oxidase and norepinephrine reuptake. We examined the
      short-term effects of amezinium in five patients with severe neurogenic
      orthostatic hypotension. Single-dose administration of amezinium (10 mg) raised
      both the supine and sitting mean blood pressures by 15 to 45 mm Hg for 8 hours,
      with a slight increase in the plasma norepinephrine level. Repeated
      administration of amezinium (10 to 40 mg/d) produced an increase in sitting blood
      pressure in three patients and improvement of the orthostatic symptoms in all
      patients without remarkable recumbent hypertension. The heart rate was increased
      in two patients. The results indicate that amezinium is of therapeutic value for
      the treatment of neurogenic orthostatic hypotension. The adrenergic effect of
      amezinium on the blood pressure and heart rate apparently was related to a slight
      increase in endogenous norepinephrine in the presence of alpha- and beta
      adrenoreceptor supersensitivity.

PMID- 3386829
TI  - Neonatal seizures and retardation in a girl with biochemical features of X-linked
      adrenoleukodystrophy: a possible new peroxisomal disease entity.
AB  - Neonatal hypotonia, seizures beginning at 5 days, and severe retardation were
      noted in a girl with normal karyotype and biochemical evidence of impaired
      adrenal function. Postmortem examination at 14 months revealed malformative and
      destructive lesions of central gray and white matter, atrophy of adrenal cortex
      with striated adrenocortical cells, hepatic fibrosis, and PAS-positive
      macrophages in several organs. Pathologically and clinically, this patient most
      closely approximated neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) and differed strikingly
      from X-linked childhood ALD. In contrast, biochemical changes resembled the
      abnormalities observed in X-linked ALD and differed from those in the neonatal
      form. The very-long-chain fatty acid accumulation characteristic of both
      disorders was demonstrated, but unlike neonatal ALD, the levels or metabolism of
      plasmalogens, pipecolic acid, phytanic acid, and bile acid intermediates were
      normal, and peroxisomes in a liver biopsy specimen were present in normal number
      and appeared enlarged. While the case resembles the recently reported entity of
      peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase deficiency, assignment to this category was excluded
      by immunoblot studies on postmortem liver, which revealed normal amounts of this
      enzyme. Correlation of clinical, morphologic, and biochemical data suggests that
      this case is an example of a so-far undescribed entity, and reinforces the
      concept that the phenotypic spectrum of peroxisomal disorders is wider than
      realized.

PMID- 3386830
TI  - Multisystem triglyceride storage disease is due to a specific defect in the
      degradation of endocellularly synthesized triglycerides.
AB  - We studied two unrelated patients with autosomal recessive multisystem
      triglyceride storage disease. Cultured fibroblasts accumulated 10 times more
      triglyceride than controls under glycerol or palmitate feeding. Mutant
      fibroblasts could not degrade accumulated triglycerides of endogenous origin, but
      normally degraded endogenously synthesized phospholipids. When the cells were fed
      with exogenous olein, triglyceride catabolism was in the normal range. Oxidation
      of long-chain, medium-chain, and short-chain fatty acids was normal, and the
      activities of acidic, neutral, and alkaline lipase in cell extracts were normal.
      The disease seems to be due to a specific impairment in the degradation of
      triglycerides synthesized endogenously.

PMID- 3386831
TI  - CT and hemifacial spasm.
AB  - Forty-six patients with typical hemifacial spasm had CT. Thirty-eight (83%) were
      abnormal, including two with surgically documented tumors. Thirty-six had a
      characteristic dolichoectatic vertebrobasilar artery, with the convexity pointing
      to the side of the spasm in 92% of the scans. This study suggests that CT is
      worthwhile procedure in the evaluation of hemifacial spasm and that
      dolichoectatic vertebrobasilar arteries are very frequently associated with
      hemifacial spasm.

PMID- 3386832
TI  - Swelling of neuronal processes in motor neuron disease.
AB  - We investigated serial sections of the anterior horns of the lower lumbar cord by
      a modified Bielschowsky's silver impregnation, in a case of sporadic lower motor
      neuron disease. We paid special attention to any direct connection between the
      swellings of neuronal processes and the perikarya. Focal swellings of neuronal
      processes were occasionally directly connected with the perikarya; some had
      morphologic peculiarities of axons, and others originated in dendrites.

PMID- 3386834
TI  - Clinical neuromythology. I. The Marcus Gunn phenomenon: loose canon of neuro
      ophthalmology.

PMID- 3386833
TI  - New headache classification.

PMID- 3386835
TI  - Carbamazepine increases phenytoin serum concentration and reduces phenytoin
      clearance.
AB  - Addition of carbamazepine to phenytoin monotherapy resulted in the following
      significant (p less than 0.05) changes: (1) increased mean phenytoin serum
      concentration; (2) decreased phenytoin clearance, due to decreased production of
      phenytoin dihydrodiol and p-hydroxyphenyl-phenylhydantoin; (3) increased
      phenytoin elimination half-life; and (4) increased drug-related toxicity. Close
      monitoring is required after addition of carbamazepine to phenytoin.

PMID- 3386836
TI  - Malignant monophasic multiple sclerosis or "Marburg's disease".
AB  - We report a patient with an acute monophasic demyelinating disease leading to
      death 29 days after onset. Neuroimaging showed progressive white matter
      attenuation, and neuropathology was characteristic of multiple sclerosis. Death
      in acute MS of the Marburg type may result from severe disseminated demyelination
      or involvement of critical brainstem structures.

PMID- 3386837
TI  - Encephalitis lethargica-like illness in a girl with mycoplasma infection.
AB  - We describe a patient with mycoplasma infection and clinical manifestations of
      encephalitis lethargica. The patient was brought to our attention after acute
      neurologic deterioration followed by a prolonged sleep-like state and the
      emergence of extrapyramidal features. MRI of the brain disclosed a striking
      pattern of subcortical involvement by the inflammatory process, corroborating the
      clinical picture.

PMID- 3386838
TI  - Intracranial atherosclerosis following radiotherapy.
AB  - We describe a case of severe intracranial atherosclerosis in a young man who had
      received therapeutic radiation for a presumed brain neoplasm. Since there was no
      evidence of vascular disease outside the radiation ports, we speculate that
      accelerated atherosclerosis was induced by radiation and that hyperlipidemia may
      have predisposed him to this effect.

PMID- 3386839
TI  - Report and recommendations of the San Antonio conference on diabetic neuropathy.

PMID- 3386840
TI  - Early median nerve evoked potential.

PMID- 3386841
TI  - ECG abnormalities in epileptics.

PMID- 3386842
TI  - Lexical agraphia from focal lesion of the left precentral gyrus.
AB  - Lexical agraphia reflects a dysfunction of the lexical spelling system and is
      characterized by better spelling of nonwords and regular words than irregular
      words. All previously reported cases with documented focal lesions had
      involvement of temporo-parieto-occipital regions. We now report a case of lexical
      agraphia following a discrete lesion of the left precentral gyrus. Our case
      complements previous neuroanatomical accounts of agraphia and provides further
      support for the independence of neuronal systems that mediate spelling from those
      involved in spoken language and reading.

PMID- 3386843
TI  - Rationale for immunomodulating therapies of multiple sclerosis. Symposium. Los
      Angeles, August 1-2, 1986. Proceedings.

PMID- 3386844
TI  - Clinical drawbacks of total lymphoid irradiation: the cons.
AB  - Success has been reported with use of total lymphoid irradiation (TLI) in organ
      transplant recipients and in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and other
      autoimmune diseases. In a well-conducted randomized double blind clinical trial,
      Cook et al have found that TLI was superior to sham irradiation of patients with
      multiple sclerosis (MS). However, it is clear from looking at this data that not
      all patients responded to TLI and that with time disease activity returned. Our
      own experience with TLI in two MS patients was very disappointing. Despite its
      apparent benefit in some conditions, considerable drawbacks are associated with
      TLI. These include high financial cost, unpleasant treatment-related side
      effects, and the possibility that more serious morbidity as well as mortality may
      be treatment-related. Furthermore, the optimum therapeutic regimen for TLI has
      not yet been established. Issues related to cumulative dose, dose per fraction,
      frequency of fractions, field of irradiation, and interaction with other
      therapies still need clarification. For these reasons we do not recommend TLI as
      a treatment for MS.

PMID- 3386845
TI  - Copolymer 1 as therapy for multiple sclerosis: the cons.
AB  - One of the hallmarks of multiple sclerosis (MS) is intra-blood-brain-barrier
      (BBB) IgG synthesis, a byproduct of plasma cells located in and around active
      inflammatory demyelinating plaques. The rate of IgG synthesis can be measured by
      plugging CSF and blood IgG and albumin concentrations into our equation. When
      done in conjunction with CSF and serum analyses for IgG oligoclonal bands, 99% of
      definite MS patients demonstrate intra-BBB IgG synthesis. At autopsy the
      pathologic criterion of an inactive plaque of demyelination is absence of
      inflammatory cells. Hence, we propose that modulation downward or eradication of
      intra-BBB IgG synthesis (ie, a manifestation of reduced white matter
      inflammation) in a living patient is a reasonable therapeutic criterion and goal
      of MS therapy. In a preliminary trial of five severely disabled MS patients, we
      evaluated the effects of copolymer 1 (COP-1) in daily intramuscular doses of 20
      mg (2 patients) and twice daily subcutaneous doses of 15 mg (3 patients) on
      clinical parameters and on intra-BBB IgG synthesis over a 2-month study period.
      The results of this trial showed no beneficial effect on neurologic function or
      on inflammatory demyelination, as assessed by monitoring of intra-BBB IgG
      synthesis.

PMID- 3386846
TI  - Clinical trial design in multiple sclerosis therapy.

PMID- 3386847
TI  - Trial measures in multiple sclerosis: the use of magnetic resonance imaging in
      the evaluation of clinical trials.

PMID- 3386848
TI  - A comprehensive protocol for clinical trials in multiple sclerosis which favored
      azathioprine and corticosteroid as a type of treatment for the chronic
      progressive phase.

PMID- 3386849
TI  - Attitudes to the nursing process.

PMID- 3386850
TI  - Length of hospital stay: reality versus naivety.

PMID- 3386851
TI  - Extent of patient teaching by nurses.

PMID- 3386852
TI  - [Clinico-instrumental evaluation of 9 cases of chronic obliterative arteriopathy
      of the legs treated by chemical sympathectomy].

PMID- 3386853
TI  - [Etozolin in the treatment of essential arterial hypertension of mild-to-moderate
      degree].

PMID- 3386854
TI  - [Hemodynamic effects of isosorbide dinitrate by intravenous infusion in subjects
      in hemodynamic equilibrium].

PMID- 3386855
TI  - [Changes in voltage of the Q wave during the exercise test in normal subjects and
      patients with ischemic heart disease].

PMID- 3386856
TI  - [A bicuspid aortic valve. Usefulness of echocardiography in its identification].

PMID- 3386857
TI  - [Changes in electrocardiographic potentials after intervention for the closure of
      Botallo's duct. Influenza of intracardiac blood volume].

PMID- 3386858
TI  - [Left atrial myxoma. Echocardiographic study].

PMID- 3386859
TI  - [The upper esophageal sphincter in reflux esophagitis, idiopathic spasm and
      achalasia. Electromanometric study].

PMID- 3386860
TI  - [Use of the focus duplicator in photographic documentation in digestive
      fiberendoscopy].

PMID- 3386861
TI  - [Gastric bacterial flora before and after treatment with famotidine].

PMID- 3386862
TI  - [A cimetidine-pirenzepine combination in the treatment of patients with duodenal
      ulcer resistant to therapy with cimetidine or ranitidine. Our experience in 22
      cases].

PMID- 3386863
TI  - [Effect of spasmodil complex on bile flow. Double-blind controlled study].

PMID- 3386864
TI  - [Rendu-Osler disease of gastric localization].

PMID- 3386865
TI  - [Actinomycosis of the ileum. Presentation of a case].

PMID- 3386866
TI  - [Isolated infarct of the cecum. Anatomo-functional and clinical features].

PMID- 3386867
TI  - [Transfusion infections: hepatitis and AIDS. What is the risk? The situation in
      the United States].

PMID- 3386868
TI  - [HLA antigens and chronic alcoholic liver diseases].

PMID- 3386869
TI  - Neuropeptide Y localization in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus and
      periventricular hypothalamus.
AB  - Electron microscopic immunocytochemical localization of neuropeptide Y (NPY) was
      used to examine the morphology and synaptology of afferents in the rat
      suprachiasmatic nucleus and periventricular hypothalamus. NPY-like
      immunoreactivity in both areas is restricted to axon terminals which contain
      lucent, pleomorphic vesicles, occasional dense core vesicles and which establish
      asymmetric synaptic contacts with distal dendrites and spines. The data
      demonstrate that NPY-containing axon terminals in these two functionally distinct
      systems are of identical morphology and exert their effects upon neuronal
      activity via classical synaptic contacts.

PMID- 3386870
TI  - Dipole-tracing of 'awareness' attenuating the cortical components of
      somatosensory evoked potentials.
AB  - Using the dipole-tracing method, the source generators of N18, P22 and P40 of the
      somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) were estimated as the equivalent dipole.
      After voluntary action of the thumb flexion, no changes were observed in N18 or
      P40, but the amplitude of P22 was suppressed. The after-effects of intention
      accompanied by a voluntary action or the subject's awareness that electrical
      stimulation will be given after the voluntary action were treated as 'awareness'.
      By subtracting the pure SEP from SEP during 'awareness', it was found that the
      equivalent dipole of 'awareness' of P22 was located at the same region of pure
      P22, but the vector was of opposite orientation. 'Awareness' attenuated the
      perceptive potential of SEP like P22 generated in the cortex.

PMID- 3386871
TI  - Differential recovery rates of horizontal and amacrine cell responses from
      intense irradiation in the isolated retina of cyprinid fish.
AB  - Recovery of light sensitivity in horizontal and amacrine cells, following
      desensitization of photoreceptors by localized brief laser flashes (647.1 or 488
      nm) in isolated retinae of roach has been studied in a comparative approach.
      Spectrally matching laser irradiation suppressed light-evoked horizontal cell
      responses for minutes, cells only recovering on average less than 10% of their
      pre-irradiation response levels. In contrast, transient depolarizing responses in
      on-off amacrine cells recovered 80% or more of their light sensitivity within 10
      20 s following laser irradiation of either wavelength. Possible neural basis of
      the sensitization phenomenon in amacrine cells is discussed in relation to known
      mechanisms of synaptic transmission in the retina.

PMID- 3386872
TI  - Increased geomagnetic activity and the occurrence of bereavement hallucinations:
      evidence for melatonin-mediated microseizuring in the temporal lobe?
AB  - This study was designed to test the hypothesis that common bereavement
      apparitions are hallucinatory experiences evoked by transient electrical
      instability within the (glucocorticoid) sensitized mesiobasal temporal lobes. All
      first hand reports of 'postmortem apparition' experiences were collected from a
      published data base. The days on which the experiences occurred displayed
      significantly greater (mean increase = 10 gamma) geomagnetic activity compared to
      the days before or afterwards. These results suggest that bereavement apparitions
      are situation-specific hallucinations evoked by microseizures within sensitized
      temporal lobe structures; the occurrence of these microseizures might be
      facilitated by suppression in melatonin levels that could accompany sudden
      increases in geomagnetic activity.

PMID- 3386873
TI  - Lowering extracellular calcium reverses paired pulse habituation into
      facilitation in dentate granule cells and removes a late IPSP.
AB  - Simultaneous measurements of cellular responses and extracellular field
      potentials as well as extracellular Ca2+ concentration [( Ca2+]0) were performed
      in the dentate gyrus granule cell layer during paired pulse stimulation of the
      lateral perforant path at resting [Ca2+]o and during washout of calcium. At
      resting [Ca2+]o the second response to a paired stimulus was smaller than the
      first response. This frequency habituation reversed into frequency potentiation
      (second response larger than the first one) during lowering of [Ca2+]o at about
      the same time when a late presumed inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) was
      abolished. This suggests that a slow inhibition can account for part of frequency
      habituation in the dentate gyrus.

PMID- 3386874
TI  - Effects of tetrahydroaminoacridine on M1 and M2 muscarine receptors.
AB  - Tetrahydroaminoacridine (THA) has been reported to improve the memory of persons
      with Alzheimer's disease, but its mechanism of action is uncertain. We found that
      clinically effective concentrations, 0.03-0.3 microM, readily inhibit
      acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase from rabbit hippocampal tissue in
      artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) at 37 degrees C with physiological levels of
      substrate Above 1 microM, THA was found to act at primary and allosteric sites on
      M1 and M2 muscarine receptors as an antagonist. This is not clinically important,
      and low levels of THA do not improve the binding of the agonist, oxotremorine-M.
      Only 10-1000 microM THA has been shown to block K+ channels. Thus THA probably
      acts as an esterase inhibitor.

PMID- 3386875
TI  - Effects of calcium channel antagonists on the depolarization-evoked release of
      norepinephrine in the rabbit iris-ciliary body.
AB  - The effects of several representative calcium channel antagonists on
      depolarization-evoked release of [3H]-norepinephrine were investigated in
      isolated, superfused rabbit iris-ciliary bodies. Potassium (50 mM)-evoked
      neurosecretion was blocked by 5 mM CoCl2 and partially inhibited by 10(-6) M
      nitrendipine or verapamil. Electrically-evoked neurosecretion was similarly
      blocked by CoCl2, but was unaffected by nitrendipine or verapamil. It is
      concluded from these results that sympathetic terminals in the rabbit iris
      ciliary body contain dihydropyridine- and verapamil-sensitive calcium channels
      which contribute, under conditions of prolonged depolarization, to
      neurotransmitter release.

PMID- 3386876
TI  - Elicitation of intraspecific defence reactions in the rat from midbrain
      periaqueductal grey by microinjection of kainic acid, without neurotoxic effects.
AB  - Microinjection of 40 pmol of the neuroexcitotoxin, kainic acid (KA) in the
      midbrain periaqueductal grey region (PAG) evoked a significant increase in both
      defensive and immobile behaviours in rats tested in a social situation. The
      evoked reactions appeared identical to the rat's natural defensive reaction to
      attack by a conspecific, although they were evoked by the presence, rather than
      the attack, of another rat. The long duration and natural appearance of the KA
      evoked reactions stand in contrast to the short, 'explosive' reactions evoked by
      injection in the PAG of other excitant amino acids. There was no behavioural
      evidence of a diminution in the effect of repeated injections of KA in the PAG,
      nor was there any histological evidence of neurotoxicity.

PMID- 3386877
TI  - Soluble rat brain sialidase does not influence intracellular glycosylation of
      Golgi sialyltransferase or its constitutive glycoproteins.
AB  - Cytosol- and Golgi-enriched fractions were obtained from whole rat brain
      homogenates by density gradient centrifugation. Using a 4-methylumbelliferyl
      neuraminic acid substrate a soluble neural sialidase has been identified and
      characterised. The enzyme had optimal activity at pH 6.0 and a Km of 0.44 +/-
      0.18 mM. The specific activity increased during postnatal development and this
      was in parallel with the described temporal changes in total brain neuraminic
      acid turnover. The potential of this enzyme to influence the intracellular
      processing of sialoglycoconjugates was also investigated. Cytosol fractions were
      incapable of releasing [14C]NeuNAC [( 14C]N-acetylneuramic acid) transferred to
      the glycoproteins of isolated Golgi membranes by their associated
      sialyltransferase. Further preincubation of Golgi membranes with soluble
      sialidase had no effect on their intrinsic sialyltransferase activity. These
      results demonstrate that no epigenetic regulation of processed
      sialoglycoconjugates occurs intracellularly and these finding are related to post
      translational control of neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) sialylation state.

PMID- 3386878
TI  - Scopolamine induces up-regulation of nicotinic receptors in intact brain but not
      in nucleus basalis lesioned rats.
AB  - The effect of chronic scopolamine treatment on muscarinic and nicotinic receptors
      in frontoparietal cortex in rats was investigated. Administration of the
      muscarinic antagonist, scopolamine (10 mg/kg i.p./day) for 21 days, produced a
      significant increase in the density of both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors by
      27.7% and 12.1% respectively as measured by the specific binding of (-)
      [3H]quinuclidinylbenzilate and (-)-[3H]-nicotine. There was no modification in
      the affinities for these ligands. Rats, bilaterally lesioned with ibotenic acid
      at the level of nucleus basalis of Meynert, which innervates the frontoparietal
      cortex, showed no up-regulation of cortical nicotinic receptors after chronic
      scopolamine treatment, suggesting the importance of the synaptic integrity in the
      regulation mechanism.

PMID- 3386879
TI  - Phencyclidine at low concentrations selectively blocks the sustained but not the
      transient voltage-dependent potassium current in cultured hippocampal neurons.
AB  - We studied the effects of phencyclidine (PCP) on voltage-dependent K+ currents in
      cultured embryonic rat hippocampal neurons. Whole cell voltage-clamp recordings
      were made in the presence of tetrodotoxin to block Na+ current. Depolarizing
      voltage steps activated two outward current components: (i) a rapidly activating
      and inactivating ('transient') component, IA, and (ii) a slowly activating,
      minimally inactivating ('sustained'), component, IK. At low concentrations (less
      than 50-100 microM), PCP produced a selective, reversible blockade of IK with
      minimal effect on IA; however, at higher concentrations both currents were
      suppressed. The IC50's for blockade of IK and IA were 36 and 310 microM,
      respectively.

PMID- 3386880
TI  - Cytosolic free calcium levels increase with age in rat brain synaptosomes.
AB  - Calcium homeostasis in synaptosomes is altered during ageing. The cytosolic free
      calcium concentration, [Ca2+]i was determined in synaptosomes and crude
      synaptosomal fractions from 3- and 24-month-old rats with the fluorescent
      indicator quin-2. The [Ca2+]i were around two times higher in 24-month-old rats
      than in adults, both under resting conditions and after K depolarization. This
      difference was still observed after incubation with an endogenous heavy metal
      chelator. To avoid the calcium buffering effect of quin-2, [Ca2+]i values were
      determined with the use of a null-point method and with fura-2. These methods
      confirmed the increase in [Ca2+]i with age in synaptosomes. The increase in
      [Ca2+]i in nerve endings may be pathologically important in brain ageing.

PMID- 3386881
TI  - Bowen scores on Catastrophic-Care Bill.

PMID- 3386882
TI  - Meta-analysis: a quantitative approach to synthesizing research findings across
      studies.

PMID- 3386883
TI  - The advice of an expert: making a difference on Capitol Hill.

PMID- 3386884
TI  - What every nurse should know about political action.

PMID- 3386885
TI  - Nursing and politics: adapting skills to spark social change.

PMID- 3386886
TI  - Update on nursing education: an analysis of nurse faculty trends.

PMID- 3386887
TI  - The physical therapy bill--again.

PMID- 3386888
TI  - The National Boxing Safety Center.

PMID- 3386889
TI  - Coronary artery disease in a young woman with SLE.

PMID- 3386890
TI  - The genogram's contribution to family-centered care.

PMID- 3386891
TI  - Autologous blood donation.

PMID- 3386892
TI  - Gerontological nursing in the baccalaureate curriculum.

PMID- 3386893
TI  - Operationalizing the Neuman Systems Model: a course in concepts and process.

PMID- 3386894
TI  - Health promotion for the elderly: a student experience.

PMID- 3386895
TI  - Do associate degree programs need community health content?

PMID- 3386896
TI  - Applying for an executive position in nursing education.

PMID- 3386897
TI  - Critical incident teaching.

PMID- 3386898
TI  - Common diagnostic errors.

PMID- 3386899
TI  - Teaching students transcultural concepts.

PMID- 3386901
TI  - Power & politics: tools for survival.

PMID- 3386900
TI  - Creating a research atmosphere for the student body of a nursing department.

PMID- 3386902
TI  - Traditional academic requirements: faculty perceptions.

PMID- 3386903
TI  - Adverse reactions to food in young children.

PMID- 3386904
TI  - Vitamin E supplementation of premature infants.

PMID- 3386905
TI  - Calcium intake and bone loss.

PMID- 3386906
TI  - Severe malnutrition in a young man with AIDS.

PMID- 3386907
TI  - Vitamin E and cell injury.

PMID- 3386908
TI  - Trans fatty acids and beta-oxidation.

PMID- 3386910
TI  - Cheese and dental caries.

PMID- 3386909
TI  - Is pyrroloquinoline quinone a cofactor derived from an undiscovered vitamin?

PMID- 3386911
TI  - Vitamin A and calcium-regulatory hormones.

PMID- 3386913
TI  - Dietary caffeine and calcium excretion.

PMID- 3386912
TI  - Transport properties of folate bound to human milk folate-binding protein.

PMID- 3386914
TI  - Insights on death & dying. Depression: bottled-up emotions.

PMID- 3386915
TI  - The A.M.A. "solution"--another warning for nursing.

PMID- 3386916
TI  - Near-drowning.

PMID- 3386917
TI  - Trach care: are you aware of all the dangers? (continuing education credit).

PMID- 3386918
TI  - Angina: pathophysiology--and the resulting signs and symptoms.

PMID- 3386919
TI  - Adjusting drug dosages for critically ill elderly patients.

PMID- 3386920
TI  - Working with triple-lumen central venous catheters.

PMID- 3386921
TI  - A quick guide to urinary tract assessment.

PMID- 3386922
TI  - Suicidal AIDS patients: when the depression turns deadly.

PMID- 3386923
TI  - IV therapy: when to change tubings and sites.

PMID- 3386924
TI  - Testing for abdominal fluid.

PMID- 3386925
TI  - Forgiving yourself.

PMID- 3386927
TI  - It isn't over, doctor.

PMID- 3386926
TI  - A woman of valor.

PMID- 3386928
TI  - An octogenarian looks at myocardial ischemia.

PMID- 3386929
TI  - Immunoglobulin A glomerulopathy: old remedies revisited.

PMID- 3386930
TI  - Deep venous thrombosis of the upper extremity.

PMID- 3386931
TI  - Membership survey of the New York State Academy of Family Physicians.

PMID- 3386932
TI  - Obstruction of the common hepatic duct by ectopic pancreas.

PMID- 3386933
TI  - Chronic asymptomatic dissecting aneurysm of the aorta.

PMID- 3386934
TI  - Left pulmonary artery agenesis.

PMID- 3386935
TI  - Limiting the working hours of interns and residents.

PMID- 3386936
TI  - New York State regulations governing the work of residents.

PMID- 3386937
TI  - Sleep deprivation in internship and residency training.

PMID- 3386939
TI  - Health management. Looking to the top.

PMID- 3386938
TI  - Health management. A managerial revolution.

PMID- 3386940
TI  - Health management. Nurses as managers.

PMID- 3386941
TI  - The state of the world's children.

PMID- 3386943
TI  - Midwifery: a survey of services.

PMID- 3386942
TI  - The beginner's guide to Nerf. Nursing Education and Research Foundation.

PMID- 3386944
TI  - Birth at home.

PMID- 3386945
TI  - Pioneers in independent practice. Interview by Lyndon Keene.

PMID- 3386946
TI  - Developing the independent role.

PMID- 3386947
TI  - "Proud to care".

PMID- 3386948
TI  - A harrowing episode...

PMID- 3386949
TI  - Look beyond at greater blocks to collegiality.

PMID- 3386950
TI  - Private duty nursing: Part II--Refusal to permit employment on premises.

PMID- 3386951
TI  - The nursing management of an MRSA outbreak in an acute care facility.

PMID- 3386952
TI  - Managing staffing with a personal computer--Part I.

PMID- 3386953
TI  - Use of microcomputers in hospital nursing.

PMID- 3386954
TI  - Evaluating personnel with automated management systems.

PMID- 3386955
TI  - Patient control services (the fiscally accountable department under nursing
      services).

PMID- 3386956
TI  - Bar coding makes its hospital debut.

PMID- 3386957
TI  - Management decisions: do we really need interpreters?

PMID- 3386958
TI  - Making required request work.

PMID- 3386959
TI  - Nursing productivity: challenge for the '90s.

PMID- 3386960
TI  - Patient care conferences: a model.

PMID- 3386961
TI  - The role of the administrative coordinator for foreign graduates.

PMID- 3386962
TI  - A way to measure hospital educators' productivity.

PMID- 3386963
TI  - Cross orientation/cross coverage: one approach to cost containment.

PMID- 3386964
TI  - Interdiscipline implementation of a quality assurance program.

PMID- 3386965
TI  - Five-point approach to joint venturing in healthcare.

PMID- 3386966
TI  - Relationship between falls and patient attempts to satisfy elimination needs.

PMID- 3386967
TI  - Nursing: why stay?

PMID- 3386968
TI  - Costs of nuclear medicine.
AB  - The cost of nuclear medicine procedures in a small department run as part of a
      general imaging service in the financial year 1984/5, using standard commercial
      nomenclature and concepts (variable, semi-variable and fixed costs), are
      reported. The necessity for a standard costing system and the use of overhead
      absorption rates for all three types of cost are emphasized, and the value is
      shown of doing enough work to make economic use of the equipment and staff time.
      Nuclear medicine procedures appear to be comparable in cost to imaging procedures
      involving fluoroscopy.

PMID- 3386969
TI  - Stationary and nonstationary spatial domain Metz filtering.
AB  - Stationary and nonstationary finite-impulse-response (FIR) implementations of the
      count-dependent Metz filter were investigated in this study. Filter size was
      observed to be an important variable controlling image quality. For Metz
      filtering of 128 X 128 pixel images at least a 15 X 15 term FIR filter was deemed
      necessary. By using an algorithm which selected between a set of preformed FIR
      filters based on pixel count, a nonstationary FIR implementation of the Metz
      filter was developed which required very little increase in execution time to
      stationary filtering. In a limited comparison of 'tumor' detection with
      stationary and nonstationary FIR filtering all of the Metz filtering techniques
      showed a significant improvement in detection when compared to the unprocessed
      images. However, no significant difference was observed between the stationary
      and nonstationary Metz filtering techniques. Thus, for Metz filters optimized
      solely on the basis of count, nonstationary FIR filtering does not seem to offer
      an advantage when compared to stationary filtering.

PMID- 3386970
TI  - Right ventricular thallium-201 visualization in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
AB  - Fifty-six patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy who had echocardiography and
      cardiac catheterization were studied. Eleven (18%) of 56 patients had right
      ventricular (RV) thallium-201 visualization at resting scan. RV thallium-201
      visualization was observed in the apex or lower half of the RV free wall, which
      was quite different from that with RV pressure or volume overload. There was no
      significant correlation between RV thallium-201 visualization and
      interventricular septal thickness or haemodynamic data. RV systolic pressure and
      RV dimension were within normal limits whether RV visualization was observed or
      not. Thus, an abnormal increase of RV mass in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy may
      lead to RV thallium-201 visualization without RV pressure or volume overload.

PMID- 3386971
TI  - Urodynamics: a noninvasive screening of lower urinary tract function in children
      with radioisotopes.
AB  - A noninvasive intravenous assessment of lower urinary tract function with 123I
      hippurate was carried out in 129 children without suspicion of lower urinary
      tract outflow pathology. Without increasing the radiation burden standard
      renography was extended by lower urinary tract function analysis in the same
      session. The maximum bladder capacity, voiding and residual bladder volumes,
      average and maximum urine flow rates were calculated and the relation between the
      urine flow rate and bladder volume expressed as the index of urine transport
      (IUT). This index seems to be a much more reliable standard than isolated
      measurements of urine flow rates and bladder volumes in screening lower urinary
      tract function. Three different urine flow patterns were recognized: a single
      sharp peak (in 70%) and a biphasic curve (in 20%) were considered to be normal. A
      sawtooth-shaped pattern, observed in 10% of the children, may be caused by
      detrusor malfunction. The prolonged time necessary for this more extensive
      analysis of the lower urinary tract is well compensated by the additional
      information gained.

PMID- 3386972
TI  - Dual-photon bone mineral density in the proximal femur: correlation by site.
AB  - Using 153Gd dualphoton absorptiometry, bone mineral density (BMD) was measured in
      three areas of the proximal femur-the femoral neck, Ward's triangle and the
      greater trochanter-in 129 females referred for possible osteoporosis. In
      addition, lumbar spine bone density was determined. Lumbar spine BMD was
      significantly greater than any regional proximal femoral BMD (p less than
      0.0001). Ward's triangle was significantly less than the trochanteric region (p
      less than 0.01) and both Ward's triangle and the greater trochanter were
      significantly less than the femoral neck (p less than 0.0005). Correlations
      within the three regions of the proximal femur are considerably higher than those
      between the spine and the proximal femur regions. This suggests that measurement
      of all three areas of the proximal femur is not essential for a satisfactory
      assessment of proximal femoral mineral content. In particular, since Ward's
      triangle is strongly correlated with the greater trochanter and the femoral neck,
      it may rationally be excluded from analysis of proximal femoral bone density.

PMID- 3386973
TI  - A comparison of two methods of measuring gamma camera uniformity.
AB  - Two quantitative methods of measuring intrinsic uniformity of gamma cameras have
      been compared. One is a modified NEMA protocol, and the other a simpler method of
      data acquisition and processing that can be carried out in departments with
      restricted data-processing facilities. Both methods show the same trend in
      uniformity and lead to action being taken to rectify deterioration in performance
      at the same time. The use of cusum plots to monitor trends in performance and set
      action levels is discussed and compared with a simple plot of the data as a time
      series.

PMID- 3386974
TI  - Stability of radionuclide left ventricular volume measurements.
AB  - Left ventricular volume measurements are useful in the evaluation of cardiac
      function and are important in the long-term management of patients with various
      cardiac diseases. Although there are many methods of measuring left ventricular
      volumes, a non invasive and reproducible method relies on radionuclide
      techniques. The errors in estimation of left ventricular volumes have previously
      been well studied. To date there is little information on the reproducibility of
      left ventricular volume measurements made by this technique at different points
      in time. This study evaluated 61 patients with stable coronary artery disease
      over a period of approximately 1 year. All patients had two resting radionuclide
      gated blood pool studies. Patients had no changes in symptoms,
      electrocardiographic findings or medication between studies. Using +/- 2 SD as
      95% confidence limits for a true change, an end diastolic volume index change
      greater than -34 ml m-2 and +38 ml m-2 or an end systolic volume index change
      greater than -24 ml m-2 and +26 ml m-2 are required to state with confidence that
      a change has occurred between two examinations. These data provide guidelines to
      assess whether interval changes in left ventricular volumes are real or are due
      to variations within the technique.

PMID- 3386975
TI  - Oesophageal transit studies: in response to the comments from Doctors Sand,
      Piepsz and Ham.

PMID- 3386976
TI  - Optimization of nuclear medicine procedures for the diagnosis and management of
      thyroid disorders: report of a research coordination meeting held in Vienna, 15
      17 December 1986 under the auspices of the International Atomic Energy Agency.
AB  - The third and final meeting of a coordinated research programme on the diagnosis
      and management of thyroid disorders was held in Vienna from 15 to 17 December
      1986. The participants were from Czechoslovakia, Egypt, Israel, Malaysia and
      Thailand. Each participant had studied between 500 and 1000 patients for thyroid
      function evaluation by performing T3, T4 and TSH radioimmunoassays. Each had also
      used the newly available supersensitive immunoradiometric (IRMA) assay in a group
      of patients to compare the efficiency of the new assay with that of the
      conventional assay. A microcomputer was provided to each participant for data
      analysis. Internal quality control was studied by establishing precision profiles
      and external quality control was on the basis of pooled standard sera in
      different ranges. Recommendation for the strategy suggested T4 RIA as the test of
      first choice in each category of thyroid function. IRMA TSH was suggested as a
      second test in borderline cases.

PMID- 3386977
TI  - Analysis of factors that may affect the speed of accumulation of 111In-labelled
      granulocytes at sites of inflammation.
AB  - The mechanisms governing the accumulation of granulocytes in inflammatory lesions
      are poorly understood. Using a sensitive method of sequential 111In-granulocyte
      scintigraphy, we recorded the speed of focal 111In-granulocyte accumulation in 70
      patients with non-osseous inflammatory and infectious foci, with special
      reference to the influence exerted by the duration of disease, patient age, body
      temperature, antibiotic therapy and initial trapping of granulocytes in the
      lungs. About 50% of the images had turned positive at 30 min after injection.
      Except for patients with urinary tract infections, the age of the patient did not
      influence the speed of 111In-granulocyte accumulation; nor did the duration of
      disease, antibiotic therapy or degree of initial granulocyte hold-up in the
      lungs. High fever, on the other hand, presumably reflecting an intense
      inflammatory reaction, was associated with an accelerated focal 111In-granulocyte
      accumulation, indicating that properties of the inflammatory process per se are
      major determinants of the speed of accumulation of 111In-labelled granulocytes in
      inflammatory processes.

PMID- 3386978
TI  - Abstracts of the sixteenth annual meeting of the British Nuclear Medicine
      Society. London, 18-20 April 1988.

PMID- 3386979
TI  - Measurement of exchangeable sodium: 22Na or 24Na?

PMID- 3386980
TI  - Indium-111 platelet kinetics in patients with diabetes mellitus.
AB  - We performed in vitro aggregation and indium-111 labeled platelet kinetic and
      biodistribution studies in seven patients with diabetes mellitus and in five
      control subjects. All subjects were male. All diabetic patients were poorly
      controlled at the time of study with blood glucose greater than 140 mg % and
      hemoglobin A1c greater than 10%. In vivo kinetic and biodistribution studies were
      performed following reinjection of autologous platelets labeled with indium-111
      oxine in a dose of approximately 50 microCi (42-67 microCi). Images obtained at 4
      and 24 h were computer-analyzed to determine splenic and hepatic uptake, and
      platelet survival times were calculated using four mathematical models.
      Unexpectedly, diabetic patients with fewer vascular complications tended to have
      shorter platelet survival times than patients with advanced vascular disease.
      However, no significant differences were observed between diabetic and control
      groups for any of the parameters of platelet function evaluated.

PMID- 3386981
TI  - Dosimetry of leukocytes labeled with 99Tcm-albumin colloid.
AB  - Biodistribution, kinetics and dosimetry of 9Tcm-albumin colloid labeled
      leukocytes (TAC-WBC) is described. A practical method of planar image data
      acquisition and processing is discussed. This method was used to obtain
      biodistribution data in 11 patients, two of whom were children. Dosimetry was
      calculated for fetuses, children and adults. The spleen is the critical organ,
      receiving 2.5 rad per 5 mCi procedure in adults and 3.6 rad per 2.15 mCi
      procedure in a 5-year-old child. These absorbed doses are about one-sixth of that
      absorbed from 111In-leukocytes procedures utilizing one-tenth the administered
      activity of TAC-WBC. The liver and red marrow are approximately equivalent
      secondary target organs, each receiving about 20% of the spleen dose. Fetal doses
      at any stage of gestation are similar, averaging about 14 mrad per mCi of TAC-WBC
      administered to the mother. The dosimetry of TAC-WBC is favorable enough to
      permit its use in children, adults and during pregnancy.

PMID- 3386982
TI  - Recent advances in cell labelling--localizing infection.

PMID- 3386983
TI  - Getting it right--an overview.

PMID- 3386984
TI  - Care and concern at heart.

PMID- 3386985
TI  - Control limits of MELs?

PMID- 3386986
TI  - Stress in the entertainment business.

PMID- 3386987
TI  - The work of the ACTS committee.

PMID- 3386988
TI  - Political presence: more than just being there.

PMID- 3386990
TI  - AIDS: risks from casual contacts discounted.

PMID- 3386989
TI  - Nursing's current crisis.

PMID- 3386991
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of retinoblastoma].

PMID- 3386992
TI  - [Use of photocoagulation in the treatment of bilateral retinoblastoma in
      children].

PMID- 3386993
TI  - [Radiotherapy of bilateral retinoblastoma].

PMID- 3386994
TI  - [Significance of mixed astigmatism and anisometropia in the pathogenesis of
      anisometropic amblyopia in patients without strabismus].

PMID- 3386995
TI  - [Results of treating anisometropic amblyopia without strabismus in adults with
      contact lenses].

PMID- 3386996
TI  - [Diagnostic value of a Soviet perigraph in the early detection of primary
      glaucoma].

PMID- 3386997
TI  - [Diagnostic value of automatic static perimetry in children].

PMID- 3386998
TI  - [Retinoblastoma (prevalence in the Transcarpathian region, outcome of treatment
      and prognosis)].

PMID- 3386999
TI  - [Isoclines of the interference picture of the cornea and coordimetry as indices
      of changes in the oculomotor muscles following scleroplastic operations].

PMID- 3387000
TI  - [Ambulatory observation of patients with neuritis of the optic nerve].

PMID- 3387001
TI  - [Experience with the treatment of detachment of the retina by circular buckling
      of the sclera using a thread with silicone beads].

PMID- 3387002
TI  - [Treatment of simple hernias of the vitreous body].

PMID- 3387003
TI  - [Biochemical mechanisms of autoregulation of the blood flow in vessels of the
      retina and choroid].

PMID- 3387004
TI  - [Effect of solutions of adrenaline on the state of the posterior epithelium of
      the cornea under experimental conditions].

PMID- 3387005
TI  - [Role of the joint work of ophthalmologic institutions and a specialized VTEK
      (Medical Expert Commission for Evaluation of Work Capacity) in increasing the
      efficacy of rehabilitation of invalidism due to eye injury].

PMID- 3387006
TI  - [Open-angle glaucoma and hypertension of the eye. Problems of early and
      differential diagnosis and of therapy].

PMID- 3387007
TI  - [Early diagnosis of initial glaucoma in a polyclinic].

PMID- 3387008
TI  - [Initial results of the implantation of an intraocular lens of the Fedorov
      Zakharov type].

PMID- 3387009
TI  - [Therapeutic lamellar keratoplasty of severe diseases of the cornea in the eye
      department of a medical service].

PMID- 3387010
TI  - [Use of the x-ray method of examination in the differential diagnosis of
      retinoblastoma and uveitis].

PMID- 3387011
TI  - [A case of penetrating injury of the eye in a fetus during cesarean section].

PMID- 3387013
TI  - Subject matter reruns (or why we persist in covering AIDS)

PMID- 3387012
TI  - [Favorable outcome of a 3-year presence of a foreign body in the orbit].

PMID- 3387014
TI  - Trauma centers.

PMID- 3387015
TI  - AIDS response.

PMID- 3387016
TI  - The physician's role--advocate or gatekeeper?

PMID- 3387017
TI  - The high cost of AIDS.

PMID- 3387018
TI  - A home for Alzheimer's patients.

PMID- 3387019
TI  - From the battlefront: how county societies are waging their own war on AIDS.

PMID- 3387020
TI  - In search of the great compromise. The insurance industry and the cost of AIDS.

PMID- 3387021
TI  - OSMA's AIDS task force.

PMID- 3387022
TI  - AIDS legislation. A view from the statehouse.

PMID- 3387023
TI  - AIDS nomenclature: an end to the confusion?

PMID- 3387024
TI  - Where will all the patients go? A statewide look at facilities for AIDS patients.

PMID- 3387025
TI  - AIDS awareness week: working together to prevent AIDS.

PMID- 3387027
TI  - Impressions of the AMA Leadership Conference: AIDS.

PMID- 3387026
TI  - AIDS education: medical students respond.

PMID- 3387028
TI  - High technology and medicine: selected spin-offs of the space program.

PMID- 3387029
TI  - Scenario for drug-seeking behavior in a solo consultant's office.

PMID- 3387030
TI  - Factor XI deficiency in a geriatric population.

PMID- 3387031
TI  - Ohio Department of Health recommendations for clinical management of individuals
      with HIV infection and for those at risk for HIV infection.

PMID- 3387032
TI  - Hexose monophosphate shunt enzymes in lung tumors from normal and glucose-6
      phosphate-dehydrogenase-deficient subjects.
AB  - Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and 6-phosphogluconate, dehydrogenase
      the key enzymes of the hexose monophosphate shunt pathway, were measured in both
      surrounding and tumoral lung tissues from normal and G6PD-deficient subjects. A
      significant increase of these enzymatic activities in tumoral tissue was found
      not only in G6PD-normal patients, but also in G6PD-deficient patients with very
      low or nonmeasurable G6PD activity in both erythrocytes and normal lung tissue.

PMID- 3387033
TI  - High-dose dexamethasone and high-dose metoclopramide versus high-dose
      dexamethasone and sulpiride in the management of cisplatin-induced emesis.
AB  - Twenty-eight courses of combination chemotherapy including cisplatin at the dose
      of 50 mg/m2 were analyzed in this antiemetic randomized double-blind study. The
      combination of high-dose dexamethasone and high-dose metoclopramide (regimen A)
      was compared with the combination of high-dose dexamethasone and sulpiride
      (regimen B). Regimen A was found to be more effective than regimen B when the
      mean score for intensity of vomiting was presented in only two categories. Four
      patients (14.3%) treated with regimen A suffered neither from nausea nor from
      vomiting. No serious side effects were observed.

PMID- 3387034
TI  - Lectin binding in human breast cancer: clinical and pathologic correlations with
      fluorescein-conjugated peanut, wheat germ and concanavalin A binding.
AB  - Cell surface glycoconjugates of human breast cancer tissue were investigated
      using FITC peanut (PNA), wheat germ (WGA) and jackbean (concanavalin A; Con A)
      agglutinins. Although PNA and WGA binding patterns differed when normal and
      malignant breast tissues were compared, the specificity of this finding was poor
      and neither PNA nor WGA binding correlated with oestrogen receptor status or
      clinical outcome. Con A binding on the other hand was not seen in normal breast
      tissue. The percentage of Con-A-positive (Con A+) tumours increased progressively
      with advancing stage (16% Con A+ in stage I, 40% Con A+ in stage III) and there
      was a trend towards longer disease-free survival of patients with Con A- as
      compared to those with Con A+ tumours. However, in a multivariate analysis it was
      found that these differences were explained by the association with the stage of
      the disease.

PMID- 3387035
TI  - Oestrogen receptor status and risk factors for breast cancer. GIVIO.
      Interdisciplinary Group for Cancer Care Evaluation (GIVIO), Italy.
AB  - In the framework of a monitoring program of quality of care for breast cancer in
      general hospitals ongoing in Italy since 1983 we have analyzed the
      epidemiological profile of oestrogen receptor positive (ER+) and oestrogen
      receptor negative (ER-) breast cancer patients. A total of 248 cases were
      interviewed: 154 were ER+ and 94 ER- patients. The frequency of ER+ cases
      increased with age, the trend being, however, of borderline statistical
      significance. Similarly, ER + breast cancer increased with the number of live
      births (chi 2(1) for linear trend adjusted by age 0, 1, and greater than or equal
      to 2 = 6.7; p = 0.01). A negative association emerged between ER+ status and
      menstrual irregularities (odd ratio adjusted by age = 0.4; 95% confidence
      interval = 0.2-1.0), while no relation was observed between oestrogen receptor
      status and menopausal status, age at 1st birth, age at menarche, and oral
      contraceptive and oestrogen replacement therapy. The present findings suggest
      that some epidemiological differences exist between ER+ and ER- breast cancer
      patients; however, large uncertainties emerge in our and previous studies,
      suggesting the need for further biologic and epidemiologic research to better
      define the clinical and biological significance of hormonal receptor status.

PMID- 3387036
TI  - Oncocytoma of kidney involved by multiple myeloma. Report of a case.
AB  - An unusual combination of renal oncocytoma with multiple myeloma in a 69-year-old
      woman is reported. The possible hematogenous spread and/or direct extension of
      malignant plasma cells to the kidney tumor is discussed.

PMID- 3387037
TI  - Stimulation of choline transport in cultured cells induced by 12-O
      tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate: one of the earliest phenomena induced by the
      tumor promoter.
AB  - 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), a potent tumor promoter, stimulated
      membrane transport of choline in cultured cells. This is one of the earliest
      phenomena caused by tumor promoter. 4-O-methyl-TPA and mezerein showed similar
      stimulatory effects, but 4 beta-phorbol, which has no tumor-promoting activity,
      did not show any significant effect on choline transport. A calmodulin
      antagonist, N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide, inhibited the TPA
      stimulated transport of choline, whereas the protein kinase C inhibitor 1-(5
      isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine did not. These results suggest that the
      Ca2+-calmodulin system, but not protein kinase C, may play an important role in
      the mechanism of this phenomenon.

PMID- 3387038
TI  - Inhibition of growth of B16 melanoma by glucocorticoids does not result directly
      from receptor-mediated inhibition of tumour cells.
AB  - The ability of dexamethasone (DM) to slow the growth of B16 melanoma in C57B1
      mice was confirmed. Inhibition was dose-related and was demonstrated in the use
      of established tumours as well as initial transplants. Although glucocorticoid
      receptors (GR) were present in cultured tumour cells, DM did not reduce growth of
      B16 in vitro, even at high concentration. This dissociation of effect on growth
      in vivo and in vitro suggests that DM slows B16 tumour growth in vivo by
      mechanisms other than GR-mediated inhibition of tumour cells.

PMID- 3387039
TI  - [Effect of X-rays on the oogenesis of tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus Peters.).
      IV. Irradiation of fish at the age of 30 and 60 days].

PMID- 3387041
TI  - [Experimental research on mechanical stresses in the neuroepithelial layers of
      the brain].
AB  - The embryonic brain was dissected in urodele amphibians at the early
      postneurulation stages. Tangential mechanical tensions were shown to exist in the
      embryonic brain. The reaction of neuroepithelial cells characterizing the
      topology of tensions was found by the use of dissections in two
      interperpendicular directions. The cells were oriented along the acting force in
      the case of unidirectional tension. In the case of two interbalanced tensions the
      cells were inclined along the lines of force of greater tension. Three types of
      tangential tensions were revealed which differ in force, direction, range of
      action and life time. The life times of tangential tensions were shown to depend
      on their force and range of action. The strongest tensions were short-lived and,
      besides, limited in space. Weak tensions were long-lived and spread all over the
      brain. In all cases of dissections the cells inducing tangential tensions reacted
      in the same way: by elongation of cell bodies along the normals to the brain
      layer. It is suggested that the tendency of cell elongation can cause the
      tangential tension of the layer. It was found that the partial removal of
      tensions enhances the curvatures of brain layers. The cells reacted to the
      tension removal in accordance with their position in the layer. If the cells are
      located in the grooves, they are shortened. If the cells are outside the grooves,
      they are elongated. It was found that after the tension was removed the nuclei
      migrated along the cell bodies. The migration of the nuclei depends on the
      direction of the layer flexure. The nuclei always migrated to the external
      surface of evagination or to the internal surface of flexure. It is suggested
      that the tangential tensions stabilize the changes in the brain shape.

PMID- 3387040
TI  - [Changes in the nature of the differentiation of the erythroid stem cell in the
      bone marrow of mice as affected by the peritoneal cells of donors subjected to
      bloodletting].
AB  - The influence of the peritoneal cells unstimulated by an inflammatory agent (PCs)
      on the bone marrow erythropoiesis in the CBA mice was studied in the normal
      conditions and after the massive haemorrhage. The PCs obtained from the intact or
      anemic donors (2, 4 and 18 h after the haemorrhage) were introduced
      intraperitoneally into the intact syngeneic recipients. The massive haemorrhage
      induces a special type of differentiation of erythroid cells in bone marrow,
      "reserve erythropoiesis", which is characterized by a decrease, within four days,
      in the proliferation of basophilic proerythrocytes, stimulation of proliferation
      of polychromatophilic proerythrocytes and entry of oxyphilic proerythrocytes into
      mitosis. The transplantation of the PCs from the anemic donors induced the
      "reserve erythropoiesis" in the bone marrow of the recipients. The
      transplantation of the PCs from the intact donors did not induce the "reserve
      erythropoiesis" and appeared to inhibit erythropoiesis via lengthening the time
      of mitoses in polychromatophilic and basophilic proerythrocytes.

PMID- 3387042
TI  - [Embryonic development of the sea urchin after low-temperature preservation].
AB  - The sea urchin embryos were cooled to -196 degrees by two-step freezing with the
      use of 1-1.5 M dimethyl sulfoxide as a cryoprotectant. The embryos were
      equilibrated with the cryoprotectant for 20-30 min at 0 +/- 2 degrees. At -7
      degrees ice crystallization was induced and the embryos were cooled to -38-42
      degrees at a rate of 6-8 degrees /min. The embryos were then transferred into
      liquid nitrogen. The embryos were thawed in a water bath at 19 degrees. No less
      than 90% of the embryos frozen at the stages of blastula, gastrula, or pluteus
      were capable of recovery and normal development. The length of cryopreservation
      did not affect the survival of the embryos.

PMID- 3387043
TI  - [Effect of testosterone on the rate of synthesis of cytoplasmic and nuclear
      proteins in the reproductive tract of rabbit embryos in vitro].
AB  - The rate of synthesis of cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins in the reproductive
      tract and muscle of rabbit embryos from 17 to 23 days of development was
      estimated by the intensity of 3H-leucine incorporation per 1 mg protein for 30
      min in vitro. Testosterone increased several-fold the rate of synthesis of both
      cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins. At the same time the intensity of synthesis of
      nuclear proteins was several times higher that of cytoplasmic ones and attained
      the max values on the 20 day of development.

PMID- 3387044
TI  - [Osteoid osteoma of the spine].

PMID- 3387045
TI  - [Treatment of varus deformity of the elbow joint in children].

PMID- 3387046
TI  - [Injuries of the median nerve and brachial artery in dislocations of the elbow
      joint in children].

PMID- 3387047
TI  - [Prevention of postoperative anemia after orthopedic operations in young
      children].

PMID- 3387048
TI  - [Effect of the muscular component on the functional outcome of the treatment of
      injuries of the finger flexor tendons in children].

PMID- 3387049
TI  - [Morphological characteristics of stenosing ligamentitis of the fingers in
      children].

PMID- 3387050
TI  - [Complications after surgical treatment of congenital hip dislocation in children
      and adolescents].

PMID- 3387051
TI  - [Arthroscopy of the knee joint].

PMID- 3387052
TI  - [Subchondral modeling of articular surfaces of the hip joint in coxarthrosis
      deformans in children].

PMID- 3387053
TI  - [Modification of achilloplasty by the Chernavskii' method].

PMID- 3387054
TI  - [Sound imaging in bone injuries].

PMID- 3387055
TI  - [A diaphyseal cover plate].

PMID- 3387056
TI  - [Prevention of injuries and the organization of traumatology services for
      miners].

PMID- 3387057
TI  - [Pre-hospital services for miners with multiple fractures of the bones].

PMID- 3387058
TI  - [Improper medical care in traumatology practice (legal aspects, expert testimony
      and prevention].

PMID- 3387059
TI  - [The outcome of the conservative treatment of solitary and aneurysmal bone cysts
      in children].

PMID- 3387060
TI  - [Dislocations and subluxations of the atlas in children and adolescents].

PMID- 3387061
TI  - [Traumatic disease: various disputable and unsolved problems].

PMID- 3387062
TI  - [Classification of developmental anomalies of the legs].

PMID- 3387063
TI  - [Surgical treatment of congenital clubfoot in infants and young children].

PMID- 3387064
TI  - [Kon's sign and various other roentgenological symptoms in the prognosis of the
      evolution of scoliosis].

PMID- 3387065
TI  - [The results of using equipment for external fixation in the treatment of
      children and adolescents with inveterate fractures of the bones of the forearm].

PMID- 3387066
TI  - [Technical features of the shortening of the spinal column and reconstruction of
      the spinal cord in experiments and clinical conditions].

PMID- 3387067
TI  - [Reparative regeneration of vertebral bodies following compression fractures with
      avulsion of the cranioventral angle].

PMID- 3387068
TI  - [Radionuclide study of the spine with fractures].

PMID- 3387069
TI  - [Operative treatment of patients with thoracolumbar and lumbar scolioses using
      the method of sphenoid resection and one-stage correction with a distractor].

PMID- 3387070
TI  - [Preliminary experience with the use of the Rodnianskii-Gupalov corrector].

PMID- 3387071
TI  - [Change in the rotation of the vertebrae following chemonucleolysis in
      scoliosis].

PMID- 3387072
TI  - [Role of the blood supply to the vertebral segment in the development of a
      pathological process in the intervertebral disks (experimental study)].

PMID- 3387073
TI  - [Intersegmentary anastomosis of the spinal cord during treatment of complicated
      trauma of the thoracolumbar segment of the spine].

PMID- 3387074
TI  - [The vacuum phenomenon of the intervertebral disk].

PMID- 3387075
TI  - [Rehabilitation of trauma patients with fractures of the neck and diaphysis of
      the femur].

PMID- 3387076
TI  - [Biomechanical study of the stability of an internal osteosynthesis in bumper
      fractures].

PMID- 3387077
TI  - [Operative treatment of lesions of the rotator cuff of the shoulder].

PMID- 3387078
TI  - [Cement-less endoprosthesis of the hip joint].

PMID- 3387079
TI  - [Application of spondylodesis to complicated injuries of the cervical segment of
      the spine].

PMID- 3387080
TI  - [Roentgenophotometric method of diagnosing compression fractures of the cervical
      segment of the spine].

PMID- 3387081
TI  - [Rapid osteosynthesis of the femoral neck using pins in medial fractures].

PMID- 3387082
TI  - [Guided osteosynthesis of the femoral neck using a pinning apparatus in
      fractures].

PMID- 3387083
TI  - [Application of an endoprosthesis to the proximal end of the femur].

PMID- 3387084
TI  - [Current operative treatment of injuries of the spine].

PMID- 3387085
TI  - [Fracture of the penis].

PMID- 3387086
TI  - [The beginnings of the use of therapeutic injections in Hungary].

PMID- 3387087
TI  - [Criteria of the diagnosis of Reye's syndrome].

PMID- 3387088
TI  - [The fight against glue sniffing].

PMID- 3387089
TI  - [Suspected intestinal perforation during paracentesis of a giant ovarian dermoid
      cyst].

PMID- 3387090
TI  - [New functions of neutrophilic granulocytes. Their role in lymphocyte
      proliferation].

PMID- 3387091
TI  - [A silicon ring around the cardia (a new antireflux operation)].

PMID- 3387092
TI  - [Early stomach cancer, results and doubts...].

PMID- 3387093
TI  - [Supraventricular or ventricular tachycardia?].

PMID- 3387094
TI  - [Pregnancy anemia (a modification)].

PMID- 3387095
TI  - [The effect of cough on the right heart].

PMID- 3387096
TI  - [Gastric carcinoid (apudoma) associated with pernicious anemia].

PMID- 3387097
TI  - [Treatment of aggressive fibromatosis (desmoid). Reducing the rate of recurrence
      by postoperative irradiation].
AB  - Thirty-three patients with desmoid tumors were treated from 1 January 1970
      through 31 December 1983 at the University Hospital in Basel. Twenty-nine
      patients were treated primarily by surgery in an attempt to cure. Sixty percent
      of these patients (17 of 29) suffered a subsequent recurrence. Of these 17
      patients, 12 were treated with radiotherapy after a second operation. As a
      result, the recurrence rate was reduced to 25% (3 of 12). Following the initial
      tumor resection, 4 patients were treated by radiotherapy in an effort to cure.
      All 4 patients remain free of recurrence, with a median follow-up time of 56
      months. The postoperative recurrence rate is dependent on age. No recurrences
      were observed in patients older than 40. In the younger patients, an increasing
      recurrence rate was observed the younger the patient. Radiotherapy can contribute
      to improved prognosis for desmoid tumors under the following circumstances: (1)
      when the tumor cannot be resected with histologically clear margins, or when
      resection margins are questionable; (2) when the patient is 30 years old or
      younger; (3) when the tumor is inoperable, or resectable only by means of a
      mutilating operation. For patients between 30 and 40 years of age, the question
      of postoperative radiotherapy should be discussed with the radiation oncologist,
      even following a microscopically complete resection.

PMID- 3387098
TI  - [Etiology and pathogenesis of synovitis villonodosa pigmentosa].
AB  - Articular pigmented villonodular synovitis is a benign synovial disease of
      unknown etiology. It is a proliferative disorder of the synovium that can involve
      the joints, tendon sheaths, and bursae. There is a predilection for involvement
      of the lower extremities, particularly the knees. There are two histologically
      similar lesions of pigmented villonodular synovitis: "nodular" and "diffuse"
      pigmented villonodular tenosynovitis. The typical clinical course consists of
      progressive and painful swelling of the involved joint. Cystic erosions without
      sclerosis and invasion of adjacent bone from intra-articular synovial lesions are
      the typical roentgenographic manifestations. The surgical treatment of the
      lesions is discussed. A review of the literature is given and our own material on
      47 patients is presented to illustrate the different features of the disease.

PMID- 3387099
TI  - tpr homologues activate met and raf.
AB  - We have previously described the primary structure of the entire met domain and
      part of the tpr domain present in the human tpr-met oncogene. The isolation and
      sequencing of an additional cDNA clone now enables us to present the complete
      primary sequence of the tpr domain. A computer search has unearthed a remarkable
      identity between tpr and a rat sequence found at the 5-prime end of the activated
      raf oncogene. The occurrence of tpr-like sequences in combination with two
      oncogenes suggests that tpr contributes a domain(s) relevant to the observed
      activation of met and raf.

PMID- 3387100
TI  - Health department opens toll-free AIDS line.

PMID- 3387101
TI  - Health secretary appoints special assistant for AIDS.

PMID- 3387102
TI  - Pitt Men's Study receives $9.5 million.

PMID- 3387103
TI  - State lists 96 additional AIDS cases.

PMID- 3387104
TI  - Pennsylvania health care: a future agenda.

PMID- 3387105
TI  - Controversies in TMJ treatment.

PMID- 3387106
TI  - Medical professional liability in Pennsylvania.

PMID- 3387107
TI  - Physicians conscientious in care of needy.

PMID- 3387108
TI  - What hospitals can and should do for doctors.

PMID- 3387109
TI  - Impaired physician program has many facets.

PMID- 3387110
TI  - Certain inalienable rights.

PMID- 3387111
TI  - AMA shortage plan stirs controversy.

PMID- 3387112
TI  - Tenacity of Farview nurses applauded.

PMID- 3387113
TI  - [Musically gifted children].

PMID- 3387114
TI  - Hemorrhagic and hypoxic-ischemic intracranial lesions in neonates diagnosed by
      realtime sonography: incidence and short-term outcome.
AB  - 887 neonates at risk, referred to our neonatal unit underwent serial cranial
      ultrasound examinations and neurological follow-up over a period of 2 years. Our
      study focused on the prognosis of hemorrhagic and hypoxic-ischemic intracranial
      lesions. 194 patients with hemorrhages (subependymal hemorrhages [SEH] I degree
      IV degrees according to Papile, hemorrhages of the choroid plexus [CPH],
      primarily intraparenchymal hemorrhages [PIH]) and/or hypoxic-ischemic lesions
      (infarcts of the major intracranial arteries and lesions of the periventricular
      white matter) were neurologically followed-up 12 to 24 months postnatally. A
      group of 266 patients with normal ultrasound scans out of the same population was
      equally followed-up and served as a control group. At the age of 12 months a
      preliminary neurodevelopmental diagnosis was made and the patients were divided
      into 3 groups. Group N (normal) had a normal neuromotor outcome, group S
      (suspect) showed minor neurological abnormalities without evidence of cerebral
      palsy and/or a developmental quotient between 80 and 90. Group A (abnormal)
      included patients with any degree of cerebral palsy (CP) and/or a development
      quotient below 80. A normal neurological outcome was seen in 88.3% of patients
      without intracranial lesion and in a comparable proportion of patients with SEH I
      degree (88.9%), SEH II degrees (84.8%) and CPH (81.3%). Patients with SEH III
      degrees developed normally in 72.7%, whereas only 25% of patients with SEH IV
      degrees and PIH were neurological normal at 12 months of age. For detailed
      statistical evaluation only preterm neonates (birthweight below 2500 grms) with
      and without hemorrhagic lesions were compared. Concerning the neurological short
      term outcome our analysis revealed no statistically significant difference
      between patients with SEH I degrees, II degrees, III degrees, CPH and the control
      group. SEH IV degrees and PIH showed a unfavourable outcome. Only 2/8 surviving
      patients had a normal development, but small numbers of patients made a
      statistical analysis impossible. Two children with infarcts of the middle
      cerebral artery developed spastic hemiplegia of the contralateral body side. One
      child with an infarct of the posterior cerebral artery developed normally until
      the age of 1 year, but could not be followed-up further. Patients with
      periventricular lesions showed a normal neuromotor development in 88.9% and 75%
      when they had solitary periventricular cysts or wedge-shaped periventricular
      lesions, whereas none of 9 children who suffered from extensive cystic
      periventricular leucomalacia was neurologically normal at the age of 1
      year.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3387115
TI  - [Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy in childhood].
AB  - ESWL is a non invasive method for treatment of renal and ureteral stones. This
      method offers the advantage that all radiopositive renal stones irrespectively of
      their actual location in the collecting system and the free parts of the ureter
      can be localized and treated. Between March 1985 and December 1986 in 14
      children, aged 2 to 14 years, with renal and ureteral calculi this method was
      performed. Further should be referred to the fact that two children with complete
      staghorn calculi were successfully treated by ESWL monotherapy. There was no
      morbidity and no undue side effects. 12/14 children (= 85%) were free of stones
      within the first three months following ESWL.

PMID- 3387116
TI  - The determination of urinary 3-trans-hydroxyproline (3 OHP). I. Normal values in
      school children and adults.
AB  - 3-trans-hydroxyproline is a hydroxyproline isomer present in collagens. It is
      more abundant in basement membrane collagen (collagen type IV) where it can be
      found in a relation of 12 residues per 1000 amino acid residues. This implicates
      its probable use as a marker substance for collagen type IV metabolism. Up to now
      only hydrolyzed urine samples were examined for the presence of this amino acid,
      thus indicating total urinary excretion. We are reporting the free urinary 3 OHP
      content of adults and school children. School children (age group 8-18 years)
      showed mean excretion of 1.066 micrograms/mg creatinine (SD +/- 0.376), SEM
      0.054, min. 0.516; max. 2.397, range: 1.881. Adults (age 19-29 years) showed mean
      excretion of 0.618 micrograms/ml creatinine (SD +/- 0.465), SEM 0.134, min.
      0.055; max. 1.634, range: 1.579. As given by the statistical calculation of
      unpaired t-test, adults showed significantly lower urinary 3 OHP levels: t =
      3.518 and p = less than 0.0005. This can be explained by increased collagen
      metabolism of the growing organism and is in congruence with data reported in
      literature for total urinary 3 OHP excretion.

PMID- 3387117
TI  - [Description of the larva and nymph of the ixodid tick Dermacentor ushakovae].

PMID- 3387118
TI  - [Fleas of small mammals and birds in the forest-park area of the city of
      Novosibirsk].
AB  - The distribution of fleas of small mammals and birds in the nidi of tick-borne
      encephalitis was analysed. 23 species were recorded from the forest-park zone.
      Palaeopsylla soricis starki, Amalaraeus penicilliger penicilliger, Megabothris
      rectangulatus, Ctenophthalmus assimilis, Hystrichopsylla talpae were dominant.
      They amounted to 90% of the total number of fleas. The greatest species variety
      of fleas was noted in afforested low-lying parts with rich species composition of
      hosts.

PMID- 3387119
TI  - [Behavior of Anopheles mosquitoes in contact with insecticides].
AB  - The rate of irritability and "aggressiveness" (attacking activity) at the contact
      with DDT was determined for all main potential vectors of malaria in the USSR.
      Great species differences were found out. Changes in the irritability and
      "aggressiveness" rates with growth of resistance to DDT were traced. The
      knowledge of resistance rate, initial data on the irritability and
      "aggressiveness" of each species and the main trends in the changes in mosquitoes
      behaviour under the effect of DDT makes it possible to predict the effectiveness
      of DDT in concrete situations. The results of visual observations on the
      behaviour of malaria vectors in dwelling treated with malathion and propocsur,
      substitutes for DDT in control on resistant populations, are given.

PMID- 3387120
TI  - [New and little-known species of black flies (Simuliidae) of the Far East].

PMID- 3387121
TI  - [Specificity of the interrelations of Leishmania and host cells in vitro].
AB  - Experiments on cross infection of peritoneal macrophages of mice with Leishmania
      of reptiles L. gymnodactyli and free cells of abdominal cavity of caucasian Agama
      (some part of which is composed by fibroblasts) with Leishmania of mammals L.
      major and L. donovani have shown the possibility of reproduction of the above
      species both in reptiles and mammals. The persistence of L. gymnodactyli and L.
      major in macrophages of mice was traced up to 10 days, the abundance of L.
      gymnodactyli during the whole period of observations being lower than that of L.
      major. The abundance of the above Leishmania in these cells happened to be higher
      than in the cells of reptiles. In the cells of reptiles the infection with these
      three species of Leishmania was eliminated by 5-6 days. More activity
      internalization of Leishmania of reptiles into cells of reptiles as compared to
      Leishmania of mammals was revealed that, apparently, reflects a definite degree
      of their adaptation to existence in reptiles in vivo.

PMID- 3387122
TI  - [Causative agent of human diphyllobothriasis--Diphyllobothrium klebanovskii sp.
      n].
AB  - A new cestode species, Diphyllobothrium klebanovskii sp. n., is described on the
      basis of experimental examination and morphological study of 51 specimens
      expelled from men in lower part of the Amur river and 18 specimens expelled from
      golden hamsters. The larval stage of this cestode is plerocercoid of type F,
      which is localized in muscles of Oncorhynchus keta and O. gorbuscha. D.
      klebanovskii sp. n. is a marine species, it differs from D. latum and other
      species of the genus Diphyllobothrium.

PMID- 3387123
TI  - [Microsomacanthus polystictae sp. n. and other cestodes of the family
      Hymenolepididae (Cyclophyllidea) from Steller's eider Polysticta stelleri from
      the Chaun lowlands (northwestern Chukotka)].
AB  - 8 species of cestodes belonging to the family Hymenolepididae were recorded from
      Polysticta stelleri (Pall.) in the Chaun lowland. A new species of
      hymenolepidids, Microsomacanthus polystictae sp. n., differing from close (by the
      length of proboscis hooks) species of the genus in the structure and size of the
      copulatory organ is described. Brief diagnosis of the new species: cestodes
      small, specimens ending with hermaphrodite proglottids 2.44 to 2.91 mm long.
      Proboscis hooks 0.038 to 0.042 mm long, blade 0.011 to 0.012 mm long. Strobila of
      maximum length with 84 proglottids. In young male proglottids the aporal testis
      half as large as poral and median ones, in well-developed proglottids testes
      0.020 to 0.026 X 0.023 to 0.032 mm. Bursa of cirrus 0.150 to 0.190 X 0.020 to
      0.028 mm. Cirrus 0.107 mm long, basis 0.008 to 0.011 mm wide, median part 0.012
      to 0.014 mm wide, apical part 0.004 mm wide. Cirrus armed with spines 0.003 to
      0.004 mm long. Ovary bilobate, yolk gland compact. Spermatheca small, situated
      medially, in front of poral ovary lobe. Copulative part of vagina sacciform,
      0.086 to 0.118 mm long, 0.023 to 0.037 mm maximum width. Distally and proximally
      vagina with muscular sphincters. Uterus sacciform, with 35 to 40 embryos. There
      were no mature "eggs" in the material.

PMID- 3387124
TI  - [Classification of Hymenolepis macrorchida in the genus Idiogenoides (Cestoda,
      Davaineidae)].
AB  - Hymenolepis macrorchida (Kotlan, 1921), a cestode of New Guinea parrots,
      possessing a small number (3 to 4) of testicles, belonging to the family
      Hymenolepididae to which it has been assigned for more than half of the century,
      is transferred to the family Davaineidae and designated as Idiogenoides
      macrorchida (Kotlan, 1921) comb. n.

PMID- 3387125
TI  - Total shoulder replacement: preparing patients for discharge (continuing
      education credit).

PMID- 3387126
TI  - Anatomy and pathology of the shoulder complex.

PMID- 3387127
TI  - Nursing care concerns in total shoulder replacement.

PMID- 3387128
TI  - Chronic lateral ligament instability of the ankle.

PMID- 3387129
TI  - Science, knowledge, and research: what and why for nursing.

PMID- 3387130
TI  - An overview of the research process.

PMID- 3387131
TI  - Patellar tendon rupture.

PMID- 3387132
TI  - Care plans.

PMID- 3387133
TI  - Case study: shoulder injury.

PMID- 3387134
TI  - The nursing shortage: two views.

PMID- 3387135
TI  - Hypersensitivity pneumonitis.
AB  - This article has presented an overview on hypersensitivity pneumonitis, with an
      emphasis on the immunopathogenic and pathologic features. The disease is related
      to an immune complex and cell-mediated mechanism. The lung tissue may show a
      variety of histopathologic changes, most notable being a relatively diffuse
      lymphocyte-plasma cell interstitial infiltrate in association with small non
      necrotizing granulomas.

PMID- 3387136
TI  - Laboratory methods in the study of coronary atherosclerosis.

PMID- 3387137
TI  - The role of the pathologist in the management of patients with endoscopically
      removed malignant colorectal polyps.

PMID- 3387138
TI  - Vascular lesions following radiation.
AB  - The special radiation sensitivity of the vascular system is mainly linked to that
      of endothelial cells, which are perhaps the most radiation-vulnerable elements of
      mesenchymal tissues. Within the vascular tree, radiation injures most often
      capillaries, sinusoids, and small arteries, in that order. Lesions of veins are
      observed less often, but in certain tissues the veins are regularly damaged
      (e.g., intestine) or are the most affected structures (i.e., liver). Large
      arteries do suffer the least; however, when significant damage does occur in an
      elastic artery (e.g., thrombosis or rupture), it tends to be clinically
      significant and even fatal. Although not always demonstrable in human tissues,
      radiation vasculopathy generally is dose and time dependent. Like other radiation
      induced lesions, the morphology in the vessels is not specific, but it is
      characteristic enough to be often recognizable. Vascular injury, especially by
      therapeutic radiation is not just a morphologic marker. It is a mediator of
      tissue damage; perhaps the most consistent pathogenetic mechanism in delayed
      radiation injury.

PMID- 3387139
TI  - Orienting reaction habituation in chronic alcoholics.
AB  - A polygraphic study on resistance to habituation of the somatic (EMG), autonomic
      (finger plethysmogram, galvanic skin reaction, respiration) and EEG (acoustic
      evoked potential and EEG-blocking reaction) components of the orienting reaction
      elicited by a repetitive auditory stimulus was performed in 67 chronic alcoholics
      and in 70 matched normal subjects (control group). The study showed a
      significantly lower resistance to habituation of the orienting reaction in
      alcoholics than in normal control subjects. The severity of this habituation
      disturbance depended on the patients' age, type of alcoholism, alcohol
      consumption intensity and chronicity, as well as the type of resting EEG.

PMID- 3387140
TI  - Visual stimuli in distraction strategies for increasing pain tolerance. The
      confounding of affect with other stimulus characteristics.
AB  - Recent experimental studies in pain control have questioned the value of pleasant
      affect in strategies employing distraction. It appears that pleasant affect may
      have been systematically confounded with task complexity or novelty in past
      research that found pleasant imagery or slides effective in increasing pain
      tolerance with the cold pressor test. The present study was a follow-up to a
      study conducted by this author (Greenstein, 1984) in which unpleasant slides had
      significantly increased pain tolerance above pleasant slide level. In the present
      study, 69 college students (35 females, 34 males) rated either the pleasant or
      unpleasant slides used in the original study on their perceived pleasantness,
      complexity, and uniqueness (novelty). Results indicated that the unpleasant
      slides were rated significantly more complex (P less than 0.001) and unique (P
      less than 0.001) than the pleasant slides. Additionally, as in the earlier study,
      ratings of the unpleasant slides on pleasantness deviated significantly farther
      from neutrality than did ratings of the pleasant slides (t = 5.04, P less than
      0.001). Thus the unpleasant slides were also perceived as being more significant
      (i.e., pertinent) than were the pleasant slides. The results indicate that affect
      was confounded with other stimulus characteristics in the Greenstein (1984) pain
      control study and probably in a significant number of other studies as well.
      Researchers are cautioned to control for the stimulus characteristics of visual
      distraction strategies used in pain control studies. The assumption that
      pleasantness, per se, contributes to strategy effectiveness is no longer tenable;
      future research must demonstrate an independent effect.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3387141
TI  - Ethical dilemmas: the dark side of medical progress.

PMID- 3387142
TI  - AIDS in children in 1988.

PMID- 3387143
TI  - AIDS--the unsolved epidemic.

PMID- 3387144
TI  - A perspective on pediatric AIDS.

PMID- 3387145
TI  - Pediatric HIV infection: epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, and transmission.

PMID- 3387146
TI  - Blood product acquired HIV infection in children.
AB  - The medical community needs to ensure safety of blood and blood products. Blood
      bankers have instituted rigid criteria for exclusion of potential donors in high
      risk categories. Institution of HIV testing would appear to make blood products
      safer although the complete elimination of HIV contaminated blood and blood
      products may not be possible. The ELISA test is excellent for screening but
      misses approximately 1 in 200 (0.5%) HIV infected donors. Donor-screened, heat
      treated factor VIII products appear to be quite effective in protecting the
      hemophilia population. However, we must continue to search for methodologies and
      techniques which will further guarantee blood product safety. The following
      methodologies have been suggested and warrant strong consideration: Vigilance in
      exclusion of potential high risk donors. Newer methodologies for retrovirus
      screening including the use of other surrogate markers. Institution of screening
      for HTLV-I and other retroviruses with attention to population surveillance for
      newer agents. Institution of cleaner methods of extracting specific blood
      components by monoclonal antibody techniques and DNA methodologies. For
      hemophiliacs, development of recombinant DNA products which by-pass the need for
      plasma derived clotting factors. It is predicted that such products should become
      available for use in about two years. In the interim, all clotting factors used
      should be donor-screened and virus-inactivated (by heat treatment, detergent
      washing and/or other newer methodologies). For the blood recipient, programs
      allowing for self donation prior to elective surgery and designated donors should
      be implemented. Although such programs may be logistically difficult, they should
      be given high priority.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3387147
TI  - Controversy: is there an HIV-associated facial dysmorphism?

PMID- 3387148
TI  - Clinical manifestations of HIV infection in children.

PMID- 3387149
TI  - Computerized tomography in the diagnosis and treatment of orbital cellulitis.
AB  - Acute sinusitis remains the major cause of orbital cellulitis in children,
      despite the extensive use of antibiotics. Staging of orbital cellulitis on the
      basis of clinical signs is difficult but is easily achieved by computerized
      tomography. The CT findings in a series of 9 children with orbital cellulitis in
      different stages are reported. The information obtained by CT contributes to the
      selection of an adequate surgical approach, if a therapeutic trial with
      antibiotics fails.

PMID- 3387150
TI  - Subglottic cysts and asymmetrical subglottic narrowing on neck radiograph.
AB  - The congenital subglottic hemangioma typically appears as an asymmetric
      subglottic narrowing or mass on frontal neck radiographs. Therefore, soft tissue
      neck radiography has been advocated as a definitive non-operative approach for
      diagnosing these lesions. However, we have noted similar asymmetric subglottic
      narrowing in patients with acquired subglottic cysts. These retention cysts occur
      following long-term intubation in the neonate. The mechanism probably involves
      subglottic fibrosis which obstructs glands with subsequent cyst formation.
      Acquired subglottic cysts typically appear as an asymmetric narrowing on frontal
      or lateral soft tissue neck radiographs. These lesions may produce airway
      compromise but are effectively treated by forceps or laser removal. Acquired
      subglottic cysts must be included in the differential diagnosis of asymmetric
      subglottic narrowing. The definitive diagnosis is made by direct laryngoscopy,
      not soft tissue neck radiograph.

PMID- 3387151
TI  - On the following paper by H.D. Fawcett, C.K. Hayden, J.C. Adams and L.E.
      Swischuk: How useful is gastroesophageal reflux scintigraphy in suspected
      childhood aspiration?

PMID- 3387152
TI  - How useful is gastroesophageal reflux scintigraphy in suspected childhood
      aspiration?
AB  - It has been suggested that gastroesophageal reflux scintigraphy (GRS) might be
      useful in assisting one in determining therapy for patients suspected of
      aspirating or becoming apneic secondary to gastroesophageal reflux. This,
      however, has not been our experience and in reviewing 23 patients with recurrent
      pneumonia and/or apnea who had GRS, we were able to detect aspiration in only
      one. This was especially significant since 13 (59%) of these patients had
      demonstrable reflux, and of these, eight were treated successfully for suspected
      aspiration even though none was demonstrated isotopically. To be sure, the
      demonstration of pulmonary aspiration with GRS had little influence on patient
      selection and response to therapy. For this reason we feel there is little
      justification in depending on the GRS for the specific purpose of trying to
      document pulmonary aspiration in infants and children who are refluxing.

PMID- 3387153
TI  - Gallbladder opacification in infants following high dose angiocardiography.
AB  - Seven infants in congestive heart failure underwent high dose angiocardiography
      for diagnosis of severe congenital heart disease and subsequently displayed
      delayed opacification of the gallbladder. Biliary excretion of sufficient volume
      to opacify the gallbladder occurred despite structurally normal kidneys and no
      evidence of renal failure. Decreased renal clearance of contrast due to
      generalized diminution of glomerular filtration is postulated. The high doses of
      contrast and slow renal clearance allowed a relatively increased rate of
      hepatobiliary excretion and subsequent observation of the opacified gallbladder
      on abdominal radiographs. This phenomenon may not be as uncommon as is generally
      thought but its timing and location often do not allow an opportunity to make
      this observation.

PMID- 3387154
TI  - CT evaluation of the shoulder in children with Erb's palsy.
AB  - The majority of children with traumatic injuries of the brachial plexus recover
      with only minor sequelae. Some patients develop residual deformity, however. This
      deformity may consist only of internal rotation contractures, but in some
      patients subluxation of the humeral head may be present. CT is useful in the
      evaluation of: the presence or absence of subluxation, deformity of the glenoid
      and the proper placement of the humeral head in plaster or orthotic devices.

PMID- 3387155
TI  - Mediastinal pancreatic pseudocyst following traumatic rupture of diaphragm.

PMID- 3387156
TI  - Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma of a child.

PMID- 3387157
TI  - Progressive diaphyseal dysplasia and a low muscle carnitine.

PMID- 3387158
TI  - Local cerebral blood flow as assessed by xenon stable computed tomography in
      child drowning.
AB  - A comatose patient who nearly drowned was studied with xenon stable computed
      tomography (CT) to assess regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) after a basic CT
      studied revealed bilateral lucencies in the basal ganglia. Xenon stable CT
      revealed increased rCBF in the lucent areas of the basal ganglia and previously
      unsuspected absence of flow in the posterior circulation. Xenon stable CT may be
      a more sensitive indicator of ischemic cerebral damage than basic CT.

PMID- 3387159
TI  - Posterior fossa hemorrhage in the newborn--diagnosis and management.
AB  - Two cases of posterior fossa hemorrhage in full-term newborns are presented.
      Because of possible sonographic misinterpretations computer tomographic (CT)
      scans are advocated for a reliable diagnosis. Regarding the management of the
      primary hemorrhage as well as the posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus a conservative
      approach is recommended.

PMID- 3387160
TI  - An elusive nasopharyngeal hamartoma in a neonate.
AB  - A rare, elusive, mobile, pedunculated nasopharyngeal tumor in a neonate is
      described. The child was only intermittently symptomatic and the diagnosis was
      not made until 1 month of age.

PMID- 3387161
TI  - Miliary pattern in neonatal pneumonia.
AB  - We have seen 10 newborn babies who developed respiratory distress and whose chest
      radiographs showed a miliary nodular pattern of disease. Of these infants only 3
      had blood cultures that were positive for staphylococcus aureus. Of the remaining
      7, 2 had conjunctivitis from which Staphylococcus aureus was cultured, 4 had
      negative cultures and 1 did not have a blood culture done. All patients were
      diagnosed as having bacterial pneumonia and appeared to respond favourably to
      antibiotic therapy. The pulmonary abnormalities resolved. The children were
      clinically well in less than 3 weeks. The author suggests that the miliary
      pattern is one of the radiological patterns of neonatal pneumonia possibly
      produced by hematogenous bacterial dissemination.

PMID- 3387162
TI  - Biliary tract duplication cyst with gastric heterotopia.

PMID- 3387163
TI  - Computed tomography in the early detection of congenital lipoid adrenal
      hyperplasia.
AB  - This paper describes the successful use of abdominal computed tomography (CT)
      scan in diagnosing congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia in a Japanese male with
      no virilization at 9 days of age. The CT unequivocally delineated massively
      enlarged adrenal glands of fat-tissue attenuation, enabling early replacement
      therapy.

PMID- 3387164
TI  - Cerebro-costo-mandibular syndrome with stippled epiphysis and cystic fibrosis.
AB  - We present a patient with cerebro-costo-mandibular syndrome who also had cystic
      fibrosis, hydrocephalus, and multiple ossification centers of the calcaneus.

PMID- 3387165
TI  - The motility of human milk macrophages in collagen gels.
AB  - The hypothesis that the diminished motility of human milk leukocytes is due to a
      decrease in adherence was tested by using a collagen gel system in which
      leukocyte movement is less dependent on adherence. Unfractionated human milk
      leukocytes (HML) or fractionated peripheral blood leukocytes were placed on
      collagen gels in microwells and the leading edge of migration was determined by
      inverted phase microscopy. The mean rates of invasion of HML, blood neutrophils,
      and mononuclear blood leukocytes were 14, 240, and less than 1 mu/h, respectively
      (p less than 0.01). We then examined the identity of motile HML by
      immunoperoxidase techniques using antibodies to selected cell markers. Motile HML
      were positive for a specific macrophage marker (cathepsin B) and a neutrophil and
      monocyte marker (Mac-1) but were negative for specific neutrophil (cathepsin G)
      or lymphocyte markers (CD3 and CD5). The directed motility of these cells was not
      enhanced by exposure to the chemoattractant, N-formyl-L-methionyl-L
      phenylalanine, but was inhibited by a T cell lectin, phytohemagglutinin. The
      movement was actin dependent but was not dependent on calcium or Mac-1 surface
      glycoproteins. Thus, the diminished motility of milk neutrophils does not appear
      to be due to decreased adherence per se, and those HML that are motile are
      macrophages. This suggests a dichotomy for the function of HML. Neutrophils may
      be relegated to the lumen of th alimentary tract, whereas macrophages may
      penetrate into mucosal sites for host defense.

PMID- 3387166
TI  - Short-term exposure to bilirubin reduces synaptic activation in rat transverse
      hippocampal slices.
AB  - We evaluated the feasibility of using the in vitro transverse rat hippocampal
      slice as a model to study the effect of bilirubin on neuronal activity. Bilirubin
      in concentrations from 100 mumol/liter to 1 mmol/liter with bovine serum albumin
      as a stabilizer caused a significant decrease in the slope of the field
      excitatory postsynaptic potentials, concomitant with a significant increase in
      the peak latency of the population spike. These changes were partially reversible
      when bilirubin was removed from the incubation fluid. A partially reversible
      shift to the right of the presynaptic fiber volley/field excitatory postsynaptic
      potential relationship was interpreted as an expression of a reduction in
      synaptic activation. A partially reversible shift to the left of the field
      exitatory postsynaptic potential population spike relationship was interpreted as
      an expression of increased postsynaptic excitability. In conclusion the in vitro
      rat hippocampal slice was used successfully to study the effect of bilirubin on
      neuronal activity. A depressive effect of bilirubin was observed.

PMID- 3387167
TI  - Unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis inhibits postnatal lung growth in the piglet.
AB  - To test the hypothesis that regional growth of lung parenchyma depends on
      regional distending pressure, left cervical phrenectomy was done in ten 2-month
      old piglets. The unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis reduced mean transpulmonary
      pressure in the left hemithorax from 5.5 +/- 1.0 (means +/- SD) to 2.5 +/- 1.2 cm
      H2O (p less than 0.01, n = 5). When five of the piglets were killed 48 h later,
      wet lung weight, total protein content, and nucleic acid content did not differ
      from values in the five sham operated controls. The five remaining phrenectomized
      piglets were compared to their five sham-operated controls 7 days after surgery.
      Wet weight of the left lung was reduced by 29% (p less than 0.01) and DNA content
      was reduced by 18% (p less than 0.05). Wet weight of the right lung,
      contralateral to the paralyzed hemidiaphragm, was reduced by 11% (p less than
      0.05). At this time, body weight, bilateral transpulmonary pressure, and ratios
      of total protein/DNA and RNA/DNA in lung tissue did not differ from the sham
      operated controls. These results suggest that regional growth of lung parenchyma
      by cell proliferation adjusted to changes in regional transpulmonary pressure
      caused by the unilateral phrenectomy.

PMID- 3387168
TI  - Developmental changes in diastolic ventricular interaction.
AB  - Developmental changes in the myocardial diastolic ventricular interaction of
      hearts excised from 12 preterm (126 +/- 0.8 SE days gestation; term = 147 days)
      and eight newborn (2.5 +/- 0.2 SE days postnatal age) lambs were evaluated in
      vitro. The excised hearts were immersed in a cold cardioplegic solution during
      which time compliant balloon catheters were inserted into the right and left
      ventricles through the pulmonary artery and aorta, respectively. The catheters
      were alternately connected to an infusion pump and appropriate transducers in
      order to obtain simultaneous biventricular pressure and volume measurements as
      the volume of each ventricle was varied. Computerized analysis of the pressure
      and volume recording was used to determine right and left ventricular free wall
      compliance, ventricular septal compliance, and pressure and volume transfer
      functions. Ventricular septal compliance was significantly less than the free
      wall compliances within both groups. Ventricular septal compliance (p less than
      0.05) and transfer functions (p less than 0.05) in the preterm were significantly
      lower than in the newborn. No significant differences in ventricular free wall
      compliances were found between or within age groups. These findings demonstrate
      an increase in ventricular coupling and functional interaction with development,
      potentially attributable to an increase in septal compliance with development.

PMID- 3387169
TI  - Alveolar macrophage status in bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
AB  - The predominant inflammatory cell type within the alveolar structure in
      bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the alveolar macrophage (AM). AM ability to
      release hydrogen peroxide, a way to evaluate the cell status, was studied in nine
      infants who developed clinical and radiological evidence of BPD, and was compared
      to those from infants without lung parenchymal disorders (n = 6). AM were
      collected by bronchoalveolar lavage which was done after the mechanical
      ventilation stage in the BPD group. The experiments were performed on
      unstimulated AM and on AM stimulated by phorbol myristate acetate. Results
      revealed that the amount of hydrogen peroxide accumulated in the culture medium
      was significantly enhanced in the BPD group, in both experimental conditions (p
      less than 0.01 and less than 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, improvement of
      patients treated with glucocorticoids was closely related to a reduction of the
      alveolitis with a decrease of AM ability to generate hydrogen peroxide. These
      data indicate that AM activation is a central component of alveolitis in BPD and
      that extracellular production of oxidants by stimulated AM may play a critical
      role in the pathogenesis of the disease.

PMID- 3387170
TI  - Mixtures of low molecular weight surfactant proteins and dipalmitoyl
      phosphatidylcholine duplicate effects of pulmonary surfactant in vitro and in
      vivo.
AB  - Pulmonary surfactant proteins SP-B and SP-C were isolated from lavage fluids of
      bovine lungs and recombined (lipid/proteins, 9/1, wt/wt) with dipalmitoyl
      phosphatidylcholine for testing in vitro and in surfactant-deficient adult rats.
      Using a pulsating bubble surfactometer, we found that inflation pressures of
      bubbles at minimum radii in these mixtures were 0.34 +/- 0.05 cm H2O (+/- SD, n =
      24) after 1 min. These values were not affected by increasing amounts of
      surfactant protein relative to dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC). Minimum
      inflation pressures were similar to those of modified bovine surfactant,
      surfactant Tokyo Akita (TA) (0.33 +/- 0.05 cm H2O, n = 7). In vivo testing was
      carried out in adult rats made surfactant deficient by repeated lavage and
      ventilated with 100% oxygen. Rats received tracheal instillations of either air,
      DPPC, DPPC/SP-B,C (9:1), or surfactant TA at 50 mg/kg body weight. Surfactant TA
      and DPPC/SP-B, SP-C mixtures resulted in similar immediate and sustained
      improvements in arterial oxygenation (308 +/- 66 torr, n = 10 and 312 +/- 101
      torr, n = 6 at 30 min posttreatment) that were significantly greater than those
      of sham (76 +/- 24 torr, n = 17) and DPPC-treated rats (64 +/- 32 torr, n = 7).
      Rats treated with either DPPC/SP-B,C mixtures or surfactant TA showed similar
      postmortem static lung compliances (2.3 +/- 0.8 ml/cm H2O/kg, n = 8 and 1.9 +/-
      0.4 ml/cm H2O/kg, n = 5, respectively) that were significantly larger than sham
      (1.3 +/- 0.3 ml/cm H2O/kg, n = 14) and DPPC-treated rats (1.2 +/- 0.2 ml/cm
      H2O/kg, n = 6).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3387171
TI  - Use of the stable isotope, 58Fe, for determining availability of nonheme iron in
      meals.
AB  - Because of reluctance to use radioisotopes for studies of iron absorption in
      children, we have explored the feasibility of using the least abundant stable
      isotope of iron, 58Fe (natural abundance, 0.322 weight %) in a study of nonheme
      iron absorption. With a balanced cross-over design, each of 16 school-age
      children was fed a standardized lunch on 3 consecutive days and, 28 days later,
      an alternate standardized lunch on 3 consecutive days. The lunch included either
      a beef patty or a beef-soy patty. The mass isotope ratio, 58Fe/57Fe (MIR58/57),
      was measured in blood by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy before and
      14 days after (i.e. study day 15) consuming the three lunches. The MIR58/57 on
      study day 15 was used as a baseline value for lunches fed on study days 29, 30,
      and 31. Incorporation of 58Fe into erythrocytes was greater from the lunch with
      beef patty than from the lunch with beef-soy patty (geometric mean values 2.02
      and 1.05% of the dose, p less than 0.03). Based on the similarity of our results
      with those obtained in adults with radioisotopes, we conclude that 58Fe is a
      satisfactory tag for studies of nonheme iron absorption from meals.

PMID- 3387172
TI  - Screening for familial hypercholesterolemia in 5000 neonates: a recall study.
AB  - To investigate the feasibility of screening for familial hypercholesterolemia,
      apolipoprotein B (Apo B) levels were determined in dried blood spot samples on
      neonatal screening cards from 5000 consecutively born neonates, by radial
      immunodiffusion assay. The 103 infants with Apo B levels in the top 2% were
      recalled for repeat dried blood spot Apo B determinations. Forty-five of the 103
      infants were retested, and serum lipid profiles and Apo B levels were determined
      for both parents of 43 of these infants, and for the mother only for the other
      two infants. The recalled "top 2%" group had a higher proportion of females, a
      higher mean birth weight, a higher mean gestational age and a higher proportion
      of infants sampled initially on day 5 than in the total screened population,
      consistent with our previously determined influence of these factors on Apo B
      levels at screening. The retested group (n = 45) was representative of the total
      recalled group (n = 103) with respect to Apo B levels at screening, sex, birth
      weight, gestational age, and age at sampling for screening. The infants' mean +/-
      SD age at retesting was 12.3 +/- 3.3 months. Their mean Apo B value on retesting
      was 0.65 +/- 0.20 g/liter of whole blood (range 0.30 to 1.16 g/liter). Two
      fathers had had coronary bypass surgery by the age of 40 and had type II lipid
      profiles and elevated serum Apo B levels. For both, their child had elevated Apo
      B levels at recall (both 1.05 g/liter of whole blood).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3387173
TI  - Risk factors for infantile recurrent otitis media: atopy but not type of feeding.
AB  - We followed 183 infants from birth to 2.3 yr of age. Of these infants 28 had
      recurrent otitis media (ROM), defined as five or more separate episodes of otitis
      media (OM) during the first 2 yr of life or four such episodes during their 2nd
      yr. The OM presented during their 1st yr (early-onset ROM) in 12 infants and
      during their 2nd yr (2nd yr ROM) in 16. Eighty infants had no OM and served as a
      comparison group. Regarding type of feeding, the infants with early-onset ROM did
      not differ from their age-matched pairs in the comparison group either 1 month
      before the first OM or at the time of first episode of OM. Exclusive breast
      feeding did not prevent OM and early weaning was not a risk factor for ROM. Atopy
      was associated with ROM with a relative risk of 1.9 (95% confidence limits 1.2
      3.2). It was particularly prevalent among the infants with early-onset ROM, in 67
      versus in 25% in the comparison group (p less than 0.01). During the 2nd yr daily
      contact with five or more children was associated with ROM with a relative risk
      of 2.1 (1.3-3.3). The infants with 2nd-yr ROM were in daily contact with more
      children than the comparison group (mean 11 versus 5; p less than 0.001).
      Parental smoking was more frequent among the infants with ROM than in the
      comparison group (54 versus 33%; p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3387174
TI  - Plasma mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and progestins in premature infants:
      longitudinal study during the first week of life.
AB  - Plasma levels of aldosterone, corticosterone, 11-deoxycorticosterone,
      progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, 11-deoxycortisol, cortisol, and cortisone
      were measured simultaneously by a micromethod of multisteroid analysis in eight
      vaginally delivered premature infants (PI) of 33-36 wk gestation with uneventful
      peri- and postnatal course. Mean concentrations (ng/ml) in umbilical arterial and
      in peripheral venous or capillary plasma sampled longitudinally at age 2 h to 7
      days were compared with the same kind of data obtained from a group of 12 term
      infants (TI) who served as controls. Mean aldosterone was two to five times
      higher in PI than in TI (umbilical artery, 2 h to 7 days; p less than 0.05),
      whereas 11-deoxycorticosterone was lower in PI from 2 h (p less than 0.01) until
      7 days (NS). Corticosterone was significantly higher in PI than TI at 6 and 24 h
      after birth, whereas cortisol was slightly lower (NS) in PI in umbilical artery
      and 2 h after birth, but higher (p less than 0.02) at 6 h, showing less variation
      in PI than in TI. 17-Hydroxyprogesterone levels in PI were two to three times
      higher (p less than 0.02) during 6 h until 7 days after birth. The data suggest
      that PI are able to maintain high aldosterone levels in the early neonatal
      period. Higher levels of the active glucocorticoids (cortisol and corticosterone)
      seen after delivery point to a more stressful extrauterine adaptation of PI.
      Furthermore, the data demonstrate that the adrenal cortex is fully functioning in
      premature infants (33-36 wk gestation) as well as in term infants.

PMID- 3387175
TI  - Dynamics of bioactive luteinizing hormone-human chorionic gonadotropin during the
      first 7 days of life.
AB  - Serum luteinizing hormone-human chorionic gonadotropin bioactivity (B-LH) was
      measured daily in seven male and four female full-term newborns during the first
      7 days of life. The B-LH levels were elevated in both sexes during the 1st day of
      life; subsequently, values decreased in both sexes. In males, they reached a
      nadir on the 4th day of life. A gradual secondary rise was then observed with B
      LH levels on the 7th day significantly higher than on day 4 (p less than 0.025).
      By contrast, the B-LH levels in the females continued a gradual decline to levels
      significantly lower on day 7 as compared to day 4 (p less than 0.05). To
      determine whether pulsatile B-LH secretion occurs in newborns, serum
      concentrations were measured every 20 min for 2 h in eight male and seven female
      full-term neonates on the 7th day of life. Pulsatile secretion of B-LH was
      detected in six males and six females. This study demonstrates that pulsatility
      of gonadotropin secretion is characteristic of neonates as early as 7 days of
      life and that there is a dichotomy between the levels of B-LH in males and
      females; levels in females decline progressively from day 1 through 7, whereas in
      males, a nadir is reached on day 4 with a secondary rise developing thereafter.
      This male sex-specific rise is presumably the drive responsible for the
      characteristic postnatal increase in testosterone which peaks at 1 to 2 months of
      age.

PMID- 3387176
TI  - Protein turnover in tissues of the fetal rat after prolonged maternal
      malnutrition.
AB  - Protein turnover in fetal diaphragm, heart, liver, and brain was determined at 21
      days gestation in fetal rats whose mothers had received a protein-restricted diet
      (6% protein) throughout gestation. This diet resulted in severe combined protein
      calorie malnutrition. Fetal body weight was significantly decreased at days 19-22
      gestation versus controls (27% protein diet) when pregnant animals were protein
      restricted (e.g. 40% decrease in body weight at day 22 gestation versus
      controls). Protein synthesis was determined by intravenous injection of "massive"
      amounts of [3H]phenylalanine to pregnant animals and measuring free and protein
      bound specific radioactivities in fetal tissues. Rate constants for protein
      degradation were calculated by subtracting fractional growth rate from protein
      synthesis. Fractional protein synthesis was reduced in diaphragm (0.26 versus
      0.41 days-1), heart (0.41 versus 0.52 days-1), and liver (0.35 versus 0.89 days
      1) in fetuses from malnourished mothers relative to controls. Similarly,
      fractional protein degradation was decreased in these fetal tissues-diaphragm
      (0.03 versus 0.06 days-1), heart (0.14 versus 0.18 days-1), and liver (0.25
      versus 0.80 days-1). Reduced protein accretion during maternal malnutrition in
      these fetal tissues is secondary to decreased protein synthesis out of proportion
      to the concurrent reduction in protein degradation. Protein synthesis and
      degradation in fetal brain from malnourished mothers were not altered versus
      controls. These effects of malnutrition on protein turnover in fetal tissues
      throughout pregnancy in the rat correspond closely with the effect of protein
      restriction in young adult rats and the effect of protein-calorie malnutrition on
      whole body protein turnover in human infants.

PMID- 3387177
TI  - [Neonatal hydropericardium caused by a silicone epicutaneo-caval catheter].
AB  - The authors describe the first case of neonatal hydropericardium involving a
      silicone central venous catheter which is known for its flexibility. Pericardial
      effusion was shown by echocardiography. The distal tip of the catheter was drawn
      back into the superior vena cava and the infant's condition improved quickly.

PMID- 3387178
TI  - [A case of congenital tuberculosis].
AB  - A case of lethal acute congenital tuberculosis is reported in a 3-week-old infant
      who presented a crural adenopathy. An acute miliary pulmonary tuberculosis with
      extensive cutaneous reaction to tuberculin then appeared. Mycobacterium
      tuberculosis was found in the node and in urines. Specific treatment was
      ineffective and the child died within 5 weeks because of extensive lung lesions.
      A patent pulmonary tuberculosis was discovered in a grandmother that could not be
      incriminated to contamination because the incubation period was too short and the
      germ was of different type. A foetopathy could have been transmitted by the
      mother, who previously had a pulmonary tuberculosis, without late genital
      localisation. Therefore, a transient bacteriema from an enclosed older lung
      lesion in the mother may be evoked. A preventive treatment and a tight survey
      must be undertaken for a next pregnancy.

PMID- 3387179
TI  - [Hyperexplexia: the startle disease].
AB  - A case of hyperexplexia is reported in a newborn. Hyperexplexia or "startle
      disease" is very uncommon and is of autosomal dominant transmission. Clinical
      features consist in particular physical features during the neonatal period and
      subsequently in an abnormal startle reaction; the electromyogram shows particular
      patterns.

PMID- 3387180
TI  - [Dwarfism and delayed puberty in a child with insulin-dependent diabetes
      mellitus].
AB  - A 17-year-old boy who had been treated for insulin-dependent diabetes since age
      2, and for coeliac disease since age 6, presented a major growth retardation (-6
      SD), a delayed puberty and a hepatomegaly with excessive glycogen storage
      (Mauriac's syndrome). Improved metabolic control resulted in normal pubertal
      development and growth catch-up.

PMID- 3387181
TI  - [Pediatric emergencies in the Grenoble Medical Center].
AB  - In the Grenoble Medical Centre, pediatric emergency admissions have been
      drastically influenced by the opening of an Emergency Unit in May 1983. Our work
      was carried out one year after the opening in order to study the characteristics
      of the admitted children. The enquiry was done over 4 months, one month for each
      season of that year. A total of 1,382 children were included in the study. Thirty
      four percent were seen for a medical advice (66% hospitalized). Children seen for
      medical advice are younger and mostly migrants. They live close to the hospital
      and are brought most often for fever. Fifty one per cent directly brought to the
      hospital by their parents for a first pediatric advice (49% were sent by their
      personal physician). Children directly brought by their parents are in majority
      infants and migrants. They are mostly admitted at night and morning and during
      the week-end. They are more frequently followed within the public mother-child
      health protection system ("Service de Protection Maternelle et Infantile", PMI).

PMID- 3387182
TI  - [Environmental factors and acute leukemia in children. Apropos of a case-control
      study carried out in the Rhone-Alpes region].
AB  - To test the large number of hypotheses proposed as causes for childhood leukemia,
      a case control study was carried out on every child diagnosed for acute leukemia
      between 1.1.1977 and 12.31.1982, under the age of 15 and living in the region of
      Lyon (Rhone-Alpes and Saone-et-Loire). Some factors could not be confirmed,
      possibly in relation with the relatively small sample size (208 cases). Others
      were confirmed, especially the excess of incidence among 2 to 4 year old children
      and those belonging to higher socioeconomic groups. Two new factors were
      identified: the age of the father (over 40 years at child birth) and the
      profession of the father (manipulation of meat in the few years prior the
      diagnosis of leukemia in the child).

PMID- 3387183
TI  - [Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in children. Apropos of 98 cases].
AB  - The authors report a retrospective study of 98 cases of idiopathic
      thrombocytopenic purpura in children. The sex ratio was 1/1 and the mean age 5
      years. A history of viral infection preceded the purpura in 45% of the cases.
      Sudden onset was observed in 81%. The platelet count was less than 20,000 mm3 in
      78.5%. A follow-up was obtained in 79 patients: 76% had an acute disease. A
      spontaneous remission occurred in 88.6% of the cases, most of them in the first
      six months (49 cases/68), and in 10 cases/68 between 7 and 11 months after onset.
      Six patients presented one or two relapses prior to recovery. The illness became
      chronic in 11% of the patients despite prednisone therapy. Four patients were
      treated by splenectomy, in 3 cases with success. Two children died, one girl from
      cerebral haemorrhage and one boy from septicemia.

PMID- 3387184
TI  - [20 years' use of the diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus vaccine].
AB  - Between 1966 and 1982, a triple DPT vaccine was studied in France in 1,871
      infants between the ages of 3 and 5 months. The study covered tolerance and
      serological efficacy of two immunization schedules using 2 or 3 initial
      injections. Computerized analysis of the 877 complete files showed satisfactory
      tolerance of this association and the serological efficacy of 2 initial doses of
      tetanus and diphtheria vaccines. Pertussis immunization is only effective after 3
      injections. The presence of maternal antibodies when the first injection is given
      only decreases the immune response of diphtheria vaccine.

PMID- 3387186
TI  - Depressed endothelium-dependent relaxation in hypertension: relation to increased
      blood pressure and reversibility.
AB  - Endothelium-dependent relaxation effects have been reported to be impaired in
      thoracic aorta from genetic and experimentally induced hypertensive rats. This
      study extends these observations to carotid artery and abdominal aorta from
      renovascular hypertensive rats. It was also found that rats with coarctation of
      aorta show depressed endothelium-dependent relaxation responses in thoracic aorta
      above the stenosis (high pressure region) while no depressed responses are
      observed in abdominal aorta below the stenosis (normal pressure region).
      Reversibility of the depression of endothelium-dependent relaxation was
      investigated on aorta from renovascular hypertensive rats in which blood pressure
      was normalized by removal of the stenotic kidney three months after induction of
      hypertension. Endothelium-dependent responses were restored partially after 1-2
      weeks and completely after two months of normalization of blood pressure. These
      results indicate that the increased blood pressure is indeed the causative factor
      responsible for the impaired endothelium-dependent relaxations in arteries from
      experimental hypertensive rats, a phenomenon which is reversible, at least in our
      experimental conditions.

PMID- 3387185
TI  - Sodium and calcium currents of acutely isolated adult rat superior cervical
      ganglion neurons.
AB  - Neurons enzymatically isolated from the adult rat superior cervical ganglion
      (SCG) were investigated using the whole-cell variant of the patch-clamp
      technique. Current-clamp studies revealed the following mean passive and active
      membrane properties: resting membrane potential, -54.9 mV; input resistance, 349
      M omega; action potential (AP) threshold, -29.8 mV; AP overshoot, 53.3 mV; AP
      maximum rate of rise, 166.4 V/s; and AP duration, 3.2 ms. Chemosensitivity to
      acetylcholine remained intact following enzymatic dispersion. Voltage-clamp
      studies of a transient tetrodotoxin-sensitive Na+ current revealed activation and
      inactivation processes which could be fit to modified Boltzmann equations. Na+
      current activation parameters for the half activation potential (Vh) and slope
      factor (K) were -23.3 mV and 5.3 mV, respectively. Inactivation parameters for Vh
      and K were -59.3 mV and 7.6 mV, respectively. Voltage-clamp studies also revealed
      a high voltage-activated sustained inward current which was eliminated upon
      removal of external Ca2+, greatly reduced by 500 microM Cd2+, and supported by
      Ba2+ or Sr2+. Tail current analysis of this Ca2+ current revealed a sigmoidal
      activation. A low voltage-activated transient Ca2+ current was not observed. We
      conclude that isolated SCG neurons retain the properties of neurons in intact
      ganglia and provide several advantages over conventional preparations for the
      study of voltage-gated membrane currents.

PMID- 3387187
TI  - Electrophysiology of cell volume regulation in proximal tubules of the mouse
      kidney.
AB  - The present study has been designed to test for the influence of cell swelling on
      the potential difference and conductive properties of the basolateral cell
      membrane in isolated perfused proximal tubules. During control conditions the
      potential difference across the basolateral cell membrane (PDbl) is -65 +/- 1 mV
      (n = 74). Decrease of peritubular osmolarity by 80 mosmol/l depolarizes the
      basolateral cell membrane by +7.8 +/- 0.5 mV (n = 42). An increase of bath
      potassium concentration from 5 to 20 mmol/l depolarizes the basolateral cell
      membrane by +25 +/- 1 mV (n = 11), an increase of bath bicarbonate concentration
      from 20 to 60 mmol/l hyperpolarizes the basolateral cell membrane by -3.2 +/- 0.5
      mV (n = 13). A decrease of bath chloride concentration from 79.6 to 27 mmol/l
      hyperpolarizes the basolateral cell membrane by -1.8 +/- 0.7 mV (n = 6). During
      reduced bath osmolarity, the influence of altered bath potassium concentration on
      PDbl is decreased (delta PDbl = +16 +/- 2 mV, n = 11), the influence of altered
      bicarbonate concentration on PDbl is increased (delta PDbl = -6.0 +/- 0.8 mV, n =
      13), and the influence of altered bath chloride concentration on PDbl is
      unaffected (delta PDbl = -1.8 +/- 0.6 mV, n = 6). Barium depolarizes the
      basolateral cell membrane to -28 +/- 2 mV (n = 16). In the presence of 1 mmol/l
      barium, decrease of peritubular osmolarity by 80 mosmol/l leads to a transient
      hyperpolarization of the basolateral cell membrane by -5.9 +/- 0.5 mV (n =
      16).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3387188
TI  - Aldosterone metabolism in rat renal tissue in vitro. Formation of lipid soluble
      metabolites.
AB  - In the present study the formation of lipid soluble metabolites from 3H
      aldosterone was investigated in vitro in isolated kidneys and kidney and liver
      slices of Sprague Dawley rats. The steroids were separated by HPLC (forward and
      reversed phase systems) and detected on-line as UV- or 3H-chromatograms. Apart
      from an unenzymatically formed substance, isoaldosterone, three less polar
      metabolites were traced (A1, A2, A3). The structure of the quantitatively most
      important metabolite (A1), was identified as 5 alpha-dihydroaldosterone using a
      combination of techniques such as chromatographic comparison with reference
      steroids, antibody binding and mass spectrometry. Evidence for further conversion
      of DHaldo to 3 alpha, 5 alpha-tetrahydroaldosterone was obtained in
      chromatographic and antibody binding studies. The formation of metabolites was
      not dependent on glomerular filtration. Furthermore it displayed regional
      heterogeneity with highest activity in the outer medulla. Finally it was observed
      that the in vitro metabolism of aldosterone was not saturable over a range of
      initial aldo concentration of 10(-9) to 10(-5) M.

PMID- 3387189
TI  - Effects of ryanodine on relaxation in isolated myocardium from different animal
      species.
AB  - Relaxation in mammalian ventricular cardiac muscle is sensitive to the prevailing
      load. This "load dependence of relaxation" (LD) can be demonstrated only when an
      efficient sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) is present. To define further the role of
      the SR in LD, we studied contraction and relaxation in cat, rat and frog cardiac
      muscle after exposure to ryanodine. Ryanodine is a selective inhibitor of calcium
      release from the SR. This view was confirmed in the present study in single
      cardiac rat myocytes with functioning SR. Ryanodine did not affect LD in
      multicellular mammalian myocardium even though it had already significantly
      depressed contractility, suggesting that calcium release from the SR plays no
      role in establishing LD. Calcium accumulation in the SR as a consequence of the
      inhibited release can account for the late depression of LD in the presence of
      ryanodine.

PMID- 3387190
TI  - Effects of chronic diabetes mellitus on the electrical and contractile
      activities, 45Ca2+ transport, fatty acid profiles and ultrastructure of isolated
      rat ventricular myocytes.
AB  - The effects of chronic experimental diabetes on electrophysiological properties,
      contractile behavior, 45Ca2+ transport, fatty acid profiles and ultrastructural
      characteristics were studied in enzymatically dissociated ventricular myocytes.
      Diabetes was induced in rats by streptozotocin administration and animals were
      killed 8-10 weeks later. Myocytes from diabetic rats exhibited electrical
      behavior similar to that of myocytes from control rats, but their contractile
      properties were altered. Their sensitivity of the twitch contractions to various
      positive and negative inotropic agents (isoproterenol, norepinephrine,
      phenylephrine, acetylcholine, ouabain and veratridine) was greatly diminished.
      However, a part of the contractile response (the tonic, sustained contractions)
      were increased in the diabetic myocytes, indicating that the changes are not
      caused by a decreased sensitivity of myofilaments. Furthermore, the diabetic
      myocytes exhibited also significant decrease in total Ca2+ content. The fatty
      acid profile in the diabetic group was changed mainly in that there were slightly
      elevated levels of docosahexaenoic acid and diminished levels of palmitic acid.
      The ultrastructure of the diabetic myocytes was affected only slightly. These
      investigations offer for the first time a comprehensive picture of changes
      related to diabetic cardiomyopathy as they occur at the level of cardiomyocytes.

PMID- 3387191
TI  - MRI of a vertebral hemangioma causing myelopathy.

PMID- 3387192
TI  - [Experimental studies of the hyperthermic effect on the vascular system-
      evaluation with angiographic-histologic correlations in a VX2 tumor transplanted
      in the rabbit].

PMID- 3387193
TI  - [CT in the diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder].

PMID- 3387194
TI  - [Magnetic resonance imaging of lumbar intervertebral disks with its pathological
      correlation].

PMID- 3387195
TI  - [Radiotherapy of esophageal cancer].

PMID- 3387196
TI  - [Nuclear imaging using Fuji computed radiography--Second report].

PMID- 3387197
TI  - [New development of an MRI lung nodule simulator for detecting pulmonary nodules.
      Experimental study].

PMID- 3387198
TI  - Clinical survey on adverse reactions of iodinated contrast media --interim
      report.

PMID- 3387199
TI  - [Intraluminal irradiation in endobronchial carcinoma using an 192iridium thin
      wire].

PMID- 3387200
TI  - [Hematology update 1987. Paris, 26-27 September 1987].

PMID- 3387201
TI  - [The value of chromosome anomalies in the prognosis of acute non-lymphoblastic
      leukemia in children].
AB  - Cytogenetic studies performed on 130 consecutive childhood acute non
      lymphoblastic leukemias (ANLL) and investigated in the same center between 1977
      and 1986 have been studied for their prognostic value. Clonal chromosome changes
      were detected in 68.5% (89/130) of the cases prior to treatment. Complete
      remission rate and median survival were significantly lower in patients with only
      abnormal metaphases than in patients with only normal metaphases (NN) or a
      mixture of normal and abnormal mitoses (AN). The ANLL with translocation t(8;21),
      which were 58.6% of the M2 ANLL, were not associated with a particularly long
      survival (16 months) when compared with AN and NN ANLL. The longest survival (26
      months) was observed in patients with acute myelomonocytic leukemia with bone
      marrow eosinophilia. Cytogenetic analysis have a prognostic value in childhood
      ANLL.

PMID- 3387202
TI  - [Blood, a witness and pilot of history].

PMID- 3387203
TI  - [The ADH program: a logical Aid to Decision-making in Hematology with teaching
      applications].
AB  - In this paper the characteristics and the effectiveness of a Baysian computer
      method applied to haematological diagnosis are analysed. The programme which is
      more effective than 2 clinicians recently trained in haematology can be used for
      teaching purposes.

PMID- 3387204
TI  - [Kinetic study of thrombocytopenia associated with HIV infection].
AB  - In the last 2 years, 46 cases of HIV-induced pure thrombocytopenias have been
      studied, using either autologous 111 In-labeled platelets and/or homologous 51Cr
      labeled platelets. The most interesting data seem to be: more than 50% of the
      cases were observed in young, drug addicts, a population statistically different
      from the general epidemiological survey of AIDS; in most the cases,
      thrombocytopenia was an isolated symptom with no other symptoms due to the HIV
      infection, or any other hematological abnormality; cortico steroids and
      immunoglobulins were either inefficient or only temporarily useful. In contrast
      splenectomy was efficient, at short or middle-term, in 12 cases of the present
      series; this last fact correlated with the splenic sequestration observed in
      almost all the cases; the platelet life-span was short in all these patients,
      except those with AIDS disease and pan myelopathy.

PMID- 3387205
TI  - [Residual masses after chemotherapy of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma].
AB  - Among 149 patients treated for high grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, 22 post-therapy
      mediastinal and abdominal residual masses were observed (14.7%). In 12 cases,
      initial histology was malignant lymphoma, diffuse large cell. The follow-up of
      these patients was similar to those without residual masses. Magnetic resonance
      imaging may be helpful in distinguishing viable tissue from fibrotic tissue.

PMID- 3387206
TI  - [Blood samples programmed for deferred autologous transfusions --experience at
      the Hopital Saint-Louis].
AB  - Since 1980 preoperative autologous blood donation program has been implemented at
      Hospital Saint-Louis involving 1,250 patients. This report describes the results
      from January to August 1987. A total of 131 patients undergoing 3 types of
      elective surgery (total hip replacement, plastic surgery, and bone marrow
      donation for allogenic transplantation) predeposited blood, donating on average
      2.2 units of packed red cells. Nevertheless autologous red cell units represent
      only 2% of the total consumption in the Hospital Saint-Louis and 7% of the
      transfusions in the surgery patients. The use of predonated blood should be
      extended in order to reduce the incidence of transfusion-related disease.

PMID- 3387207
TI  - Analysis of conformational parameters in nucleic acid fragments. III. Very short
      chain oligonucleotides. The effect of base stacking.
AB  - Studies have been made of conformational parameters in single crystal structures
      of very short chain oligonucleotides consisting of strands with lengths in the
      range 2-3 bases. Using published data extracted from the Cambridge structural
      database for 20 such structures, a total of 14 base-pairs were found, of which 10
      were hetero-pairs and 4 homo-pairs. Subjecting these to analysis to examine
      hydrogen bond parameters, propeller twist, buckle and C1'-C1' separation revealed
      an average propeller twist of 11.6 degrees, with no dependence of this parameter
      on hydrogen bonding details. In addition, an analysis of base stacking showed
      there to be no correlation between in-plane geometry and degree of inter-plane
      overlap.

PMID- 3387208
TI  - Import of several tRNAs from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria in bean
      Phaseolus vulgaris.
AB  - Four P. Vulgaris mitochondrial tRNA(Leu) species have been shown to be nuclear
      encoded. These mt tRNAs(Leu) can be used for in vitro protein synthesis. We found
      that the sequences of P. vulgaris mitochondrial and cytoplasmic tRNAs(Leu)(NAG)
      are identical except for a post-transcriptional modification occurring at
      position 18 (Gm in mt tRNA(Leu) instead of G in cyt tRNA(Leu], as in the case of
      mt and cyt tRNAs(Leu)(NAA) already sequenced. This post-transcriptional
      modification has also been found in two other bean mt tRNA(Leu) species, but not
      in P. vulgaris cytoplasmic tRNA(Leu) species that we have purified so far.
      Furthermore, comparison of the 2-D polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic patterns of
      tRNAs eluted from bean mt tRNA-mtDNA and mt tRNA-nDNA hybrids revealed at least 8
      mt tRNAs coded for by the nuclear genome.

PMID- 3387209
TI  - Delimitation of essential genes of cassava latent virus DNA 2.
AB  - Insertion and deletion mutagenesis of both extended open reading frames (ORFs) of
      cassava latent virus DNA 2 destroys infectivity. Infectivity is restored by
      coinoculating constructs that contain single mutations within different ORFs.
      Although frequent intermolecular recombination produces dominant parental-type
      virus, mutants can be retained within the virus population indicating that they
      are competent for replication and suggesting that rescue can occur by
      complementation of trans acting gene products. By cloning specific fragments into
      DNA 1 coat protein deletion vectors we have delimited the DNA 2 coding regions
      and provide substantive evidence that both are essential for virus infection.
      Although a DNA 2 component is unique to whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses, the
      results demonstrate that neither coding region is involved solely in insect
      transmission. The requirement for a bipartite genome for whitefly-transmitted
      geminiviruses is discussed.

PMID- 3387210
TI  - Phosphoramidate analogues of DNA: synthesis and thermal stability of
      heteroduplexes.
AB  - The deoxyoligonucleotide 5' AATCGGGCATGGATT (15-mer) was synthesized containing
      12 phosphoramidate linkages derived from 2 primary and 2 secondary amines. The
      oligonucleotides were purified by reverse phase HPLC and characterized by PAGE.
      The thermal stability of the duplexes derived from these compounds, when
      hybridized to the complementary diester linked oligomer, were determined and
      compared to the diester and methanephosphonate oligomer. The results indicated
      that all analogue oligomers form less stable duplexes then the diester oligomer.
      A large difference was observed between primary and secondary amine derived
      phosphoramidates.

PMID- 3387211
TI  - A computer program allows the separation of a wide range of chromosome sizes by
      pulsed field gel electrophoresis.
AB  - The introduction of Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis techniques, which allow the
      separation of DNA molecules of molecular weights as high as chromosomes of lower
      eukaryotes, has given a powerful tool to geneticists. The resolution expected
      from these techniques is dependent on numerous parameters, among them pulse time
      and field strength. A given set of these parameters allows only a limited range
      of molecular weights to be resolved. To allow the separation of a broader
      molecular weight range on a single gel, we designed a computer program, driving a
      simple switching device, to take care of switching electrodes and power supplies
      in OFAGE migrations. This program has been designed to be used with any technique
      calling for periodic switching or inversion of the electric field, and/or
      variation of the electric field applied during electrophoresis. As an example, we
      show the results obtained with yeast genera in which chromosome sizes range from
      260 to 9,000 kilobase pairs.

PMID- 3387212
TI  - Insertion of transformation vector DNA into different chromosomal sites of
      Dictyostelium discoideum as determined by pulse field electrophoresis.
AB  - Chromosomes of the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum were fractionated
      on three pulse field gel electrophoresis systems (pulse field, orthogonal field
      and C.H.E.F. (Contour-clamped Homogeneous Electric Fields] into a series of 13
      bands ranging from 0.1 Mb to over 2 Mb in size. Since this organism has only
      seven chromosomes (estimated to be 1-10 Mb), and -90 copies of an 88-kilobase
      linear ribosomal DNA molecule (14% of genome), it was apparent that not all of
      these bands were whole chromosomes. However these bands were reproducibly
      obtained with the cell preparation used. They fell into three categories: i) four
      large poorly resolved DNA molecules (-2 Mb in size) which represent very large
      fragments or intact chromosomes, ii) eight faint bands ranging from 0.1 Mb to 2
      Mb, iii) a prominent band in the apparent size range of about 0.15 Mb. Cloned
      Fragment V of an EcoR1 digest of the ribosomal DNA, hybridized to the 0.15 Mb
      band indicating it contained the linear ribosomal DNA. This chromosomal banding
      pattern was used to examine the stability and location of vector DNA in 16
      transformed strains of D. discoideum. Each transformed strain was initially
      selected on the basis of G418 resistance with an integrating vector containing
      pBR322 sequences. Eleven transformants still carried pBR322 sequences after more
      than 60 generations of growth without selection on G418. All four strains
      transformed with constructs containing regions of the D. discoideum plasmid Ddp1
      had lost their pBR322 insert, indicating that integration of Dictyostelium
      plasmid DNA into chromosomes leads to instability. Orthogonal field
      electrophoresis of the eleven strains still carrying pBR322 sequences revealed at
      least seven different integrating sites for the transforming DNA. We conclude
      that these vectors have many possible sites of integration in the D. discoideum
      genome.

PMID- 3387213
TI  - A novel beta thalassemia gene with a single base mutation in the conserved
      polypyrimidine sequence at the 3' end of IVS 2.
AB  - An adult Algerian patient with homozygous beta thalassemia was found to have a
      unique beta thalassemia gene. Cloning and sequencing revealed that the only
      abnormality present in this beta gene is a transversion in the polypyrimidine
      stretch at the 3' end of the large intervening sequence (IVS 2) six bases 5' to
      the consensus AG dinucleotide sequence (CCGCCCACAG instead of CCTCCCACAG). In
      addition, digestion of the cloned fragment by the enzyme Mnl I demonstrates the
      disappearance of a restriction site as expected. This is the first example of a
      defect in the consensus sequence at the 3' end of an IVS leading to a thalassemia
      phenotype presumably due to decreased splicing.

PMID- 3387214
TI  - A comparison of non-radioisotopic hybridization assay methods using fluorescent,
      chemiluminescent and enzyme labeled synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotide probes.
AB  - N4-[N-(6-trifluoroacetylamidocaproyl)-2-aminoethyl]-5'-O-dimethoxy trityl -5
      methyl-2'-deoxycytidine-3'-N,N-diisopropyl-methylphosphoramidite++ + has been
      synthesized. This N4-alkylamino deoxycytidine derivative has been incorporated
      into oligonucleotide probes during chemical DNA synthesis. Subsequent to
      deprotection and purification, fluorescent (fluorescein, Texas Red and
      rhodamine), chemiluminescent (isoluminol), and enzyme (horseradish peroxidase,
      alkaline phosphatase) labels have been specifically incorporated. Detection
      limits of the labels and labeled probes were assessed. Also, the detection limits
      and nonspecific binding of the labeled probes in sandwich hybridization assays
      were determined. The enzyme modified oligonucleotides were found to be
      significantly better labeling materials than the fluorescent or chemiluminescent
      derivatives, providing sensitivities comparable to 32P-labeled probes.

PMID- 3387215
TI  - Bulge-out structures in the single-stranded trimer AUA and in the duplex
      (CUGGUGCGG).(CCGCCCAG). A model-building and NMR study.
AB  - Model-building studies were carried out on the trimer AUA. Bulge-out structures
      which allow incorporation into a continuous RNA helix were generated and energy
      minimized. All geometrical features obtained by previous NMR studies on purine
      pyrimidine-purine sequences are accounted for in these models. One of the models
      was used to fit into a double helical fragment. Only minor changes were necessary
      to construct a central bulge-out in an otherwise intact duplex. NMR and model
      building studies were performed on the duplex (CUGGUGCGG).(CCGCCCAG) which
      contains an unpaired uridine residue. NOE data, chemical-shift profiles and imino
      proton resonances provided evidence that the extra U is bulged out of the duplex.
      The relatively small dispersion in 31P chemical shifts (approximately equal to
      0.7 ppm) indicate the absence of t/g or g/t combinations for the phosphodiester
      angles zeta/alpha. An energy-minimized model of the duplex, which fits the
      present collection of data, is presented.

PMID- 3387216
TI  - Circular dichroism studies of an oligo-alpha-thymidylate and of its interactions
      with complementary sequences.
AB  - An octathymidylate synthesized with the alpha anomer of thymidine has been
      studied using circular dichroism. Its conformation has been compared to that of
      its analogue containing the naturally occurring beta anomer. In both compounds
      some degree of intramolecular stacking is present as indicated by the shapes of
      the circular dichroism spectra and their variations with temperature. As its beta
      analogue the alpha-octathymidylate binds to its complementary sequences
      containing beta-nucleosides. Only complexes with 1A:1T stoechiometry were
      observed. Binding to ribose- containing oligomers and polymers is much stronger
      than binding to deoxyribose-containing analogues. Circular dichroism spectra
      provided evidence for a difference between the geometry of the various complexes
      formed with an alpha-oligothymidylate and those formed with its beta-anomer
      containing analogue.

PMID- 3387217
TI  - A comparison of two phage coat protein-RNA interactions.
AB  - The interaction between the coat protein of the group I bacteriophage fr with its
      translational operator site is compared with the previously studied R17
      interaction. The sequence of the two RNA binding sites differ by 2 of 20
      nucleotides and two coat proteins by 17 of 129 amino acids. An analysis of the
      binding of fr coat protein to 24 operator variants revealed that the two proteins
      recognize operator sequences in virtually the same way. However, fr coat protein
      binds to nearly every RNA 6 to 14-fold tighter than R17 coat protein. Since the
      fr operator is a weaker binding variant and the fr coat protein shows a different
      temperature dependence of binding, it is unlikely that the two systems have
      different Kas in vivo. RNA fragments containing the operator sequences can
      initiate the capsid assembly with both fr and R17 coat protein. Surprisingly, the
      two coat proteins can form a mixed capsid in vitro.

PMID- 3387218
TI  - Thermodynamic studies of base pairing involving 2,6-diaminopurine.
AB  - The thermal stabilities of oligodeoxyribonucleotide duplexes containing 2,6
      diaminopurine (D) matched with each of the four normal DNA bases were determined
      by optical melting techniques. Comparison of optical melting curves yielded
      relative stabilities for the D-containing standard base pairs in an otherwise
      identical base-pair sequence. The D:T pair was found to be more stable than the
      A:T pair in dC3DG3:dC3TG3, as stable as the A:T in dCT3DT3G:dCA3TA3G, and less
      stable than the A:T in dCA3DA3G:dCT7G. The order of stabilities for X:Y in the
      DNA duplex dCA3XA3G:dCT3YT3G is: (A:T) greater than (T:D) congruent to (D:T)
      greater than or equal to (T:A) greater than (C:D) congruent to (D:A) congruent to
      (D:G) greater than or equal to (D:C) congruent to (G:D) congruent to (D:D)
      greater than or equal to (A:D). Implications of these results for design of DNA
      oligonucleotide probes are discussed.

PMID- 3387219
TI  - Synthesis of a trans-syn thymine dimer building block. Solid phase synthesis of
      CGTAT[t,s]TATGC.
AB  - The synthesis of a building block for the sequence specific introduction of the
      trans-syn thymine dimer into oligonucleotides via solid phase DNA synthesis
      technology is described. CGTAT[t,s]TATGC was synthesized in 48% overall yield by
      a partially automated procedure. The stepwise coupling yield for addition of the
      trans-syn thymine dimer building block was 58%. The dimer containing
      oligonucleotide was characterized by 500 MHz 1H COSY and NOESY spectroscopy and
      202.5 MHz 31P NMR. The 1H chemical shifts for the trans-syn thymine dimer unit of
      the decamer were found to be quite similar to those found for the trans-syn
      thymine dimer of TpT. Upon photolysis at 254 nm, CGTAT[t,s]TATGC was converted to
      a major product which coeluted with authentic CGTATTATGC and a minor product
      which coeluted with authentic CGTAT[c,s]TATGC, further supporting the presence of
      an intact trans-syn thymine dimer unit.

PMID- 3387220
TI  - Unusual duplex formation in purine rich oligodeoxyribonucleotides.
AB  - The purine rich oligodeoxyribonucleotides 1C, d(ATGACGGAATA) and 2C,
      d(ATGAGCGAATA) alone exhibit highly cooperative melting transitions. Analysis of
      the concentration dependence of melting, and electrophoretic studies indicate
      that these oligomers can form an unusual purine rich offset double helix. The
      unusual duplex is predicted to contain four A.T, two G.C, and four G.A mismatch
      base pairs as well as a single A base stacked on the 3' end of each chain of the
      helix. Other possible models for the duplex are unlikely because they are
      predicted to contain many base pairs of low stability. Changing the central
      sequence to CGG or GGG should destabilize the duplex and this is observed. The
      unusual duplex of 2C is more stable than the duplex of 1C indicating that the
      stability of G.A base pairs is quite sensitive to the surrounding sequence.
      Addition of 1C and 2C to their complementary pyrimidine strands results in normal
      duplexes of similar stability. We feel that the unusual duplexes are
      significantly stabilized by the intrinsic stacking tendency of purine bases.

PMID- 3387221
TI  - Stability of RNA stem-loop structure and distribution of non-random structure in
      the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-I).
AB  - The stability of potential RNA stem-loop structures in human immunodeficiency
      virus isolates, HTLV-III and ARV, has been calculated, and the relevance to the
      local significant secondary structures in the sequence has been tested
      statistically using a Monte Carlo simulation method. Potentially significant
      structures exist in the 5'non-coding region, the boundary regions between the
      protein coding frames, and the 3' non-coding region. The locally optimal
      secondary structure occurring in the 5' terminal region has been assessed using
      different overlapping segment sizes and the Monte Carlo method. The results show
      that the most favorable structure for the 5' mRNA leader sequence of HIV has two
      stem-loops folded at nucleotides 5-104 in the R region (stem-loop I, 5-54 and
      stem-loop II, 58-104). A large fluctuation of segment score of the local optimal
      secondary structure also occurs in the boundary between the exterior glycosylated
      protein or outer membrane protein and transmembrane protein coding region. This
      finding is surprising since no RNA signals or RNA processing are expected to
      occur at this site. In addition, regions of the genome predicted to have
      significantly more open structure at the RNA level correlate closely with
      hypervariable sites found in these viral genomes. The possible importance of
      local secondary structure to the biological function of the human
      immunodeficiency virus genome is discussed.

PMID- 3387222
TI  - Statistical method for rapid homology search.
AB  - A new method for homology search of DNA sequences is suggested. This method may
      be used to find extensive and not strong homologies with point mutations and
      deletions. The running program time for comparing sequences is less then the
      dynamic program algorithms at least at two orders of magnitude. It makes possible
      to use the method for homology searching throughover the nucleotide bank by
      personal computers.

PMID- 3387223
TI  - Inhibition of transcription in eukaryotic cells by X-irradiation: relation to the
      loss of topological constraint in closed DNA loops.
AB  - X irradiation was found to inhibit in vivo transcription in mammalian, yeast,
      insect and avian cells in a dose-dependent manner. Measurements of DNA nicking
      indicated that about one DNA single-strand break per estimated DNA loop (domain)
      length is sufficient to explain the effect. The inhibitory effect was partially
      reversed by post-irradiation incubation of cells. During such incubation DNA
      nicking was considerably repaired. The size of transcripts was not changed by
      irradiation. The in vitro (run on) activity of RNA polymerase in nuclei isolated
      from irradiated cells also was not altered. The dose-response curves were
      different in various cells, correlating with the reported unequal average domain
      size of supercoiled DNA (and also replicon size) in diverse organisms.

PMID- 3387224
TI  - Nucleotide sequence containing the maize chloroplast proline (UGG) and tryptophan
      (CCA) tRNA genes.

PMID- 3387225
TI  - Complete nucleotide sequence of a 23S ribosomal RNA gene from Pirellula marina.

PMID- 3387226
TI  - (CAC)5, a very informative oligonucleotide probe for DNA fingerprinting.

PMID- 3387227
TI  - Speeding-up the sequencing of double-stranded DNA.

PMID- 3387228
TI  - Nucleotide sequences of cDNAs for alpha and gamma subspecies of rat brain protein
      kinase C.

PMID- 3387229
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of rat basic fibroblast growth factor cDNA.

PMID- 3387230
TI  - Plasmid purification using high-performance gel filtration chromatography.

PMID- 3387231
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of a rat glutathione peroxidase cDNA.

PMID- 3387232
TI  - Recovery of DNA in small volumes after electroelution from gel slices.

PMID- 3387233
TI  - Primary structure of an endochitinase mRNA from Solanum tuberosum.

PMID- 3387234
TI  - The cDNA and derived amino acid sequences for human and bovine matrix Gla
      protein.

PMID- 3387235
TI  - Revised nucleotide sequence of the Azotobacter vinelandii nifE gene.

PMID- 3387236
TI  - Analysis of conformational parameters in nucleic acid fragments. IV.
      Intercalating drug complexes of very short chain oligonucleotides.
AB  - Studies have been made of base-pairing conformational parameters in single
      crystal structures of very short chain oligonucleotide structures complexed with
      drug molecules, using data extracted from the Cambridge structural database. The
      planar portion of the drug has a tendency to intercalate between two bases,
      utilising strong stacking interactions to stabilise the configuration. The effect
      of the existence of a formative backbone is seen in the high occurrence of
      standard base-pairing schemes and a consistent C1'-C1' separation, although the
      choice of compounds studied does tend to emphasise complementary pairing. In
      addition to the modulation of the general magnitude which is reduced from that in
      uncomplexed oligonucleotides, there appears to be some correlation of propeller
      twist value with the presence of planar groups sandwiching a base-pair. The
      average twist in such sandwiched pairs is lower than in any other group studied
      to date.

PMID- 3387237
TI  - Plant small nuclear RNAs. V. U4 RNA is present in broad bean plants in the form
      of sequence variants and is base-paired with U6 RNA.
AB  - U4 RNA, which is known to play an indispensable role in pre-mRNA splicing, is
      present in plant nuclei, has a canonical m3 2,2,7 G cap at its 5' end and is
      associated with U6 RNA in snRNP particles. It occurs in broad bean in the form of
      a number of sequence variants. Two of these were sequenced: U4A RNA is 154 and
      U4B RNA is 152 nucleotides long. Sequence similarity of broad bean U4B RNA is 94
      per cent to broad bean U4A RNA, 65 per cent to rat U4A RNA, 61 per cent to
      Drosophila U4A RNA and 50 per cent to snR14, the U4 RNA equivalent of the yeast
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Sequence conservation is much more pronounced in the 5'
      half of the molecule than in its 3' half. The secondary structure of both
      variants of broad bean U4 RNA perfectly fits with that of all other U4 RNAs
      sequenced so far. Nucleotide changes between broad bean U4A and U4B RNAs are
      restricted to molecular regions that affect the thermodynamic stability of these
      molecules. A model is proposed for the base pairing interaction of broad bean U4
      RNA with broad bean U6 RNA. This is the first report on the structure of a plant
      U4 RNA.

PMID- 3387238
TI  - Organisation of the entire rabbit progesterone receptor mRNA and of the promoter
      and 5' flanking region of the gene.
AB  - cDNA clones corresponding to the 3' and 5' non coding regions of the rabbit
      progesterone receptor (rPR) mRNA and genomic clones corresponding to the promoter
      and 5' flanking region of this gene were isolated and sequenced up to nucleotide 
      2761. The 3' non coding region is very long (3058-3553 nucleotides) and contains
      three different polyadenylation sites. Primer extension experiments and S1
      mapping showed the existence of 2 transcription initiation sites 699 and 712 bp
      upstream from the initiator ATG. The promoter region contains two modified TATA
      boxes: TAGAAA at -17 and TAGA at -37bp. A CAACT sequence is present at position 
      100 and one consensus binding site for the transcription factor Sp1 is found at
      position -51. A 317 bp sequence was observed (positions -2590 to -2273) which
      belongs to the C family of the short interspersed repeats of the rabbit.
      Sequences resembling the consensus for estrogen and progesterone responsive
      elements are observed at several locations in the 5' flanking region. The
      progesterone receptor is present in tissue extracts mainly as a mixture of two
      molecular species (110 and 79 kDa) whose origin remains currently debated. By
      Northern blot analysis we have shown, using rabbit and human mRNAs, that these
      receptor species are not derived from separate mRNAs. Transcription-translation
      experiments also showed that, at least in vitro, they are not derived by use of
      different translation initiation sites on the same messenger RNA.

PMID- 3387239
TI  - Intermediate range effects in DNA. I: Low pH/stress induced conformational
      changes in the vicinity of an extruded d(AT)n.d(AT) in cruciform.
AB  - A family of plasmids which contain d(AT)n cruciforms are sensitive to "single
      strand specific" (SS) endonucleases and a variety of chemical probes in a "random
      sequence" region centered 10-30 residues away from the cruciform junction. The SS
      nuclease sensitive structures are dependent on the presence of the extruded
      cruciform and exhibit a degree of sequence independence. Their appearance depends
      upon the combined effects of slightly lower than neutral pH and superhelical
      coiling above the minimum required to drive the extrusion of the d(AT)n cruciform
      arms. The nuclease sensitive structure is therefore underwound with respect to
      the B conformation and contains protonated bases.

PMID- 3387240
TI  - A conserved heptamer upstream of the IgH promoter region octamer can be the site
      of a coordinate protein-DNA interaction.
AB  - Immunoglobulin genes contain a conserved eight base sequence element 5' to the
      site of transcription initiation. This octamer can serve as a site for the
      binding of nuclear proteins which are presumably involved in the cell type
      specific expression of this family of genes. In studying the binding of nuclear
      proteins to this conserved sequence element, we have detected a protein
      interaction that involves, in addition to the octamer, nucleotides which are
      immediately upstream. We have characterized this additional contact as a sequence
      specific interaction with a heptameric sequence element (CTCATGA) that is
      conserved among Ig heavy chain promoters. Protein binding to the heptamer is
      unique in that it is dependent upon the proximity and orientation of, as well as
      protein interaction with, the conserved octamer.

PMID- 3387241
TI  - Conformational flexibility in the right-handed and in the left-handed double
      helices of Na+-d(m5C-G-T-A-m5C-G) studied by IR spectroscopy.
AB  - The X ray diffraction study of a d(m5C-G-A-T-m5C-G) crystals has shown the
      existence of a 2 conformation while the Raman spectroscopy study of the same
      fragment in solution showed that then the oligonucleotide adopted a B geometry.
      Infrared spectroscopy has allowed us to study this sequence in films in a wide
      range of hydrations and to vary the water content of the sample at different
      rates. We have thus obtained four I.R. spectra, of the B and 2 conformations
      respectively at 100% and 98% relative humidities, of another 2 form with a
      different geometry of the phosphate groups at relative humidities below 98% and
      in addition a fourth spectrum recorded after a rapid dehydration of the sample
      which is then blocked in a right-handed form at low R.H. In this case the
      structure of the phosphodiester chain may be not uniform. The results are
      discussed by comparison with previously obtained I.R. spectra of poly d(G-C),
      poly d(A-C). d(G-T), d'm5C-G-A-m5C-G-T-G-C-G) d(m5C-G-C-G-m5C-G) and d(C-G-m5C
      G).

PMID- 3387242
TI  - Purification and characterization of porcine liver DNA polymerase gamma:
      utilization of dUTP and dTTP during in vitro DNA synthesis.
AB  - Porcine liver DNA polymerase gamma has been demonstrated to preferentially
      incorporate dTMP over dUMP during in vitro DNA synthesis. When polymerase
      activity was measured in standard reactions containing saturating levels of
      either dTTP or dUTP, the polymerization rate was slightly faster in the reaction
      containing dTTP. However, under conditions where both dTTP and dUTP competed, at
      an equal molar concentration, approximately 3-times more thymine residues were
      incorporated than uracil residues into DNA. Similarly, preferential incorporation
      of dTMP was observed on several substrates including poly (dA).oligo p(dT), poly
      (rA).oligo p(dT) and poly (dA-dT). The discrimination against dUMP incorporation
      was even more apparent with reduced levels of dUTP. These observations were
      consistent with the finding that the Km for DNA polymerase gamma was about 3-fold
      lower for dTTP (0.4 microM) than for dUTP (1.1 microM). On the other hand, the
      Vmax for these two reactions was very similar. Discrimination against dUMP
      incorporation was also observed during inhibition of polymerase gamma by
      dideoxyribonucleoside triphosphates. Dideoxythymidine triphosphate preferentially
      inhibited dUMP incorporation compared to that of dTMP, whereas ddATP, ddCTP and
      ddGTP inhibited both reactions equally.

PMID- 3387243
TI  - Fidelity of secondary and tertiary interactions in tRNA.
AB  - Contingency table analysis has previously been used to detect sequence
      correlations in RNAs caused by either secondary or tertiary interactions. An
      approach known as matrix reduction is developed here as an alternative to the
      usual Chi square test. This approach is especially sensitive to covariation
      between equivalent positions and is effective at detecting tertiary interactions
      that exhibit such covariation. Matrix reduction was also effective at detecting
      Watson-Crick base-pairs that exhibit a high degree of pairing fidelity. The
      method was applied to five closely related structural classes of tRNA and a
      number of tertiary interactions were detected in each class.

PMID- 3387244
TI  - C. elegans mRNAs acquire a spliced leader through a trans-splicing mechanism.

PMID- 3387245
TI  - 5' nucleotide sequence of a putative human placental alkaline phosphatase-like
      gene.

PMID- 3387246
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of tDNA(Cys)GCA and its flanking regions from Zea mays
      chloroplasts.

PMID- 3387247
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of novel cDNAs generated by alternative splicing of a rat
      thyroid hormone receptor gene transcript.

PMID- 3387248
TI  - A simple and efficient method for isolating high molecular weight DNA from frozen
      mammalian tissues.

PMID- 3387249
TI  - Enough is enough!

PMID- 3387250
TI  - The ethic of caring: alive and thriving.

PMID- 3387251
TI  - Bring on the handmaidens.

PMID- 3387252
TI  - If new graduates went to the community first.

PMID- 3387254
TI  - Editors of nursing journals.

PMID- 3387253
TI  - Generalists in a specialized profession.

PMID- 3387255
TI  - Non-nurse faculty in schools of nursing.

PMID- 3387256
TI  - Placement of nursing graduate programs.

PMID- 3387257
TI  - Learning about nursing management.
AB  - Summaries of the discussions were compiled in a booklet. The group then expressed
      an interest in getting some feedback on their decisions from nurse managers, so a
      meeting was arranged in the hospital where they were completing their nursing
      management practicum. The prepared booklet was distributed to each nurse manager
      attending the meeting: several head nurses, the director of medical/surgical
      nursing, and the assistant vice president for nursing. The resulting discussion
      provided a good summary and an opportunity for testing ideas. The interest and
      feedback of these nurses were very encouraging to the students. Overall, the mix
      of fantasy and realism provided a successful way of helping students gain a
      realistic view of nursing management. An understanding of and identification with
      the issues faced by today's nurse manager should help new graduates to appreciate
      and adapt to the realities of the clinical setting, regardless of their position.

PMID- 3387258
TI  - The cluster concept in nursing research.
AB  - Innovative strategies are needed to promote research development in schools of
      nursing. At the University of Michigan School of Nursing, using a visiting
      professor to direct a research cluster project enhanced scholarly productivity
      among new faculty investigators and graduate students.

PMID- 3387259
TI  - Directors of nursing in Australia: a profile.

PMID- 3387260
TI  - Rights versus regulation: confidentiality in the age of AIDS.

PMID- 3387261
TI  - Broken images.

PMID- 3387262
TI  - Midwives' big push.

PMID- 3387263
TI  - Rough justice?

PMID- 3387264
TI  - The porn brokers.

PMID- 3387265
TI  - Sexuality after total pelvic exenteration.

PMID- 3387266
TI  - Code of conduct. Sleeping on the job.

PMID- 3387267
TI  - Four dimensions in counselling.

PMID- 3387268
TI  - Retain and recruit. Thinly disguised contempt.

PMID- 3387269
TI  - With respect to lesbians.

PMID- 3387270
TI  - RCN supplement.

PMID- 3387271
TI  - RCN supplement. Levelling down.

PMID- 3387272
TI  - RCN supplement. All in the same club.

PMID- 3387273
TI  - RCN supplement. Shabby treatment.

PMID- 3387275
TI  - RCN supplement. Stand by your man.

PMID- 3387274
TI  - RCN supplement. Who runs the RCN?

PMID- 3387276
TI  - RCN supplement. Nice but tough. Interview by Laurence Dopson.

PMID- 3387277
TI  - AIDS: a growth industry.

PMID- 3387278
TI  - Snakes and ladders.

PMID- 3387280
TI  - The shape of things to come.

PMID- 3387279
TI  - Brave new world?

PMID- 3387281
TI  - Night nursing. Lighting up the darkness.

PMID- 3387282
TI  - Night nursing. Voices after dark.

PMID- 3387283
TI  - Dying in the ward.

PMID- 3387284
TI  - A roof over your head.

PMID- 3387286
TI  - Mental Health. The Journal for Psychiatric Nurses.

PMID- 3387285
TI  - Recruit and retain. Fred Nightingale.

PMID- 3387287
TI  - Mental Health. No man an island.

PMID- 3387288
TI  - Mental Health. First impressions.

PMID- 3387289
TI  - Mental health. The thin end of the wedge.

PMID- 3387290
TI  - Conversion--a dying art?

PMID- 3387291
TI  - Guidelines on essential services during labour conflict.

PMID- 3387292
TI  - Role of nurses in promoting contraceptive devices.

PMID- 3387294
TI  - Help her have a happy "birth" day: ideas and suggestions for activities.

PMID- 3387295
TI  - Special programme on AIDS and expanded programme on immunization. Joint
      statement. Consultation on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and routine
      childhood immunization.

PMID- 3387293
TI  - The health of mothers and children (key issues in developing countries).

PMID- 3387296
TI  - Health and family planning: facts and issues.

PMID- 3387297
TI  - [Pulmonary embolism as a complication of respiratory diseases. Diagnostic
      difficulties].

PMID- 3387298
TI  - [Malignant mesothelioma (data of the Institute of Tuberculosis). I. Evaluation of
      autopsy specimens].

PMID- 3387299
TI  - [Malignant mesothelioma (data of the Institute of Tuberculosis). II. Evaluation
      of clinical findings].

PMID- 3387300
TI  - [Chronic occupational exposure to low levels of nitrous oxide and ammonia and
      subjective symptoms and ventilatory function of the lungs].

PMID- 3387301
TI  - [Human medical experimentation in Poland (the main ethical, deontological and
      legal problems)].

PMID- 3387302
TI  - [Remarks with regard to medical ethics].

PMID- 3387303
TI  - [Evaluation of the proper use of laboratory tests].

PMID- 3387304
TI  - [The principles of publishing scientific periodicals].

PMID- 3387305
TI  - [Microcomputer informatics in medicine].

PMID- 3387307
TI  - [The Physician's Home in Warsaw: will it be built?].

PMID- 3387306
TI  - [Large clinical trials].

PMID- 3387308
TI  - [Views with regard to the production and use of sweetening agent substitutes in
      the diet of patients with diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 3387310
TI  - [Adrenoleukodystrophy].

PMID- 3387309
TI  - [Screening medicine].

PMID- 3387311
TI  - [Evaluation of late results of the surgical treatment of non-toxic nodular goiter
      by bilateral nearly complete excision of the thyroid lobes].

PMID- 3387312
TI  - [Cancer of the thyroid gland in scintigraphically hot nodules].

PMID- 3387313
TI  - [The risk of hypoglycemia in patients with pharmacologically treated diabetes
      mellitus: clinical analysis].

PMID- 3387314
TI  - [A case of Weber-Christian disease with a dynamic course].

PMID- 3387315
TI  - [Results of treatment by the PUVA method in patients with atopic dermatitis].

PMID- 3387316
TI  - [The results of treating patients with endogenous bronchial asthma with TFX].

PMID- 3387318
TI  - [Atopy: a past or present problem?].

PMID- 3387319
TI  - [Allergic diseases among students of the Medical Academy in Gdansk.
      Epidemiological aspects].

PMID- 3387317
TI  - [Clinical and immunological evaluation of patients with bronchial asthma treated
      with autovaccines].

PMID- 3387320
TI  - [Occupational allergy among physicians].

PMID- 3387322
TI  - Neuroendocrine tumors.

PMID- 3387321
TI  - [Evaluation of saccharin transport time in allergic rhinitis].

PMID- 3387323
TI  - Entero-endocrine cell differentiation in carcinomas of the gallbladder and
      mucinous cystadenocarcinomas of the pancreas.
AB  - Forty two carcinomas of the gallbladder and 25 mucinous cystadenocarcinomas of
      the pancreas were analyzed using silver stains and immunohistochemical
      techniques. Fourteen (33.3%) gallbladder carcinomas had argyrophil and
      argentaffin cells and 17 (40%) contained endocrine cells as shown by
      immunoperoxidase stains. The gallbladder tumors that had the largest number of
      endocrine cells were the well differentiated adenocarcinomas with colonic
      features. The most common endocrine cell in these tumors was the serotonin
      containing (EC) cell followed by somatostatin-containing cells and cells that
      reacted to pancreatic polypeptide and gastrin. Intestinal metaplasia with
      pseudopyloric gland hyperplasia was present in the gallbladder mucosa adjacent to
      11 carcinomas and had an endocrine cell population similar to that of the tumors.
      Endocrine cells were demonstrated in 18 (70%) of the 25 mucinous
      cystadenocarcinomas of the pancreas by the immunoperoxidase method although only
      9 had argyrophil and argentaffin cells. The population of endocrine cells in
      these mucinous pancreatic tumors was similar to that found in gallbladder
      carcinomas. Endocrine cells were more numerous in areas with colonic-type glands,
      goblet cells and Paneth cells. The secretory products of the endocrine cells in
      these gallbladder and pancreatic tumors did not give rise to systemic endocrine
      manifestations. The presence of endocrine cells in these tumors can be explained
      on the basis of intestinal differentiation.

PMID- 3387324
TI  - Total articular replacement arthroplasty.
AB  - Surface replacement, popularized in the early 1970s has fallen into disfavor by
      much of the orthopedic community. To date, the authors' experience with 29
      cemented total articular replacement arthroplasties (TARAs) in 25 patients has
      been quite favorable. Factors associated with these favorable results include: a
      physiologic age less than 60, good bone quality, viability of the remaining
      femoral head, and preservation of the acetabular subchondral plate. The mean age
      of cases in this study was 52 years, with patient follow up ranging between 3.5
      and 7 years; there were two failures. Today, although conventional cementless
      total hip arthroplasty seems to be in vogue, real and potential problems exist.
      These concerns, in conjunction with the good results reported in this series,
      should encourage the orthopedic surgeon to take a second look at resurfacing
      arthroplasty, especially in the select group of patients defined in this article.
      Pending the long-term results of non-cemented prostheses the surgeon may even
      consider using cementless TARA components.

PMID- 3387325
TI  - Decompression laminectomy and lateral spinal fusion in patients with previously
      failed lumbar spine surgery.
AB  - Sixty-two patients who had had previous failed lumbar disk surgery (average 1.4
      surgeries) were treated with a decompression laminectomy and lateral spinal
      fusion. Follow up averaged 4.2 years and results were based on pain relief,
      improved function, and return to work as recorded on a patient questionnaire.
      Using a scoring system to quantify the change from the patients felt the surgery
      was very worthwhile, 32% had a good result, 29% had a fair result, and 38% had a
      poor result. However, 53% of the patients felt the surgery was very worthwhile,
      37% rated it somewhat worthwhile, and 10% responded that the surgery was not
      worthwhile. Factors which statistically correlated with a higher improvement
      score were the presence of a unilateral radicular pain pattern, a year pain free
      interval since the previous surgery, and a myelogram which was more indicative of
      a disk herniation rather than cicatrix formation. Similarly, those patients who
      were found to have a recurrent or new disk at the time of surgery did better than
      those whose major finding was scar formation. The quality of the fusion mass was
      positively correlated with a better final result with questionable statistical
      significance (P = .06). Finally, those patients who were industrial improved much
      less and only 14% returned to work as compared to 61% of the non-industrial
      patients.

PMID- 3387326
TI  - Post-traumatic fracture of polymethylmethacrylate surrounding a Harrington hook
      site. A radiolucent cause of instability and pain.
AB  - As polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) is used more often in spine surgery, problems
      associated with its use are likely to be encountered. A case is presented of a
      young patient with myelomeningocele and scoliosis. The patient presented with
      instability and pain associated with fractured PMMA surrounding the lower
      Harrington hook site. Since the PMMA was radiolucent, the fractures were not
      visible on radiographs. The patient required surgical exploration and revision.
      The stability achieved with PMMA may present future liabilities, therefore, its
      use should be limited to those unusual cases with specific indications.

PMID- 3387327
TI  - Recurrent osteoblastoma of the carpal hamate.
AB  - A case of recurrent osteoblastoma of the hamate is reported. Curettage and bone
      grafting is usually followed by recurrence. Wide excision of the tumor is the
      treatment of choice if anatomically feasible.

PMID- 3387328
TI  - Primary leiomyosarcoma of bone.
AB  - Adequate treatment of primary leiomyosarcoma of bone requires surgical ablation
      with the goals being those for any malignant tumor of bone--eradication of the
      lesion and preservation of as much function as possible. Careful preoperative
      staging will determine whether amputation is necessary or whether successful limb
      saving resection is possible.

PMID- 3387330
TI  - Post-traumatic false aneurysm simulating a soft tissue tumor.

PMID- 3387329
TI  - Answer please. Chondromyxoid fibroma.

PMID- 3387331
TI  - Isolated rupture of the subscapularis tendon in an arm wrestler.
AB  - Rotator cuff injuries, especially in athletes, can be very disabling. A case of
      an isolated rupture of the subscapularis tendon in an arm wrestler is reported.
      Preoperative arthrogram and CT scan with intraoperative pictures are used to
      illustrate the pathology. Recommendation for treatment is surgical repair.

PMID- 3387332
TI  - Bone and joint tuberculosis: a review of 652 cases.
AB  - The results of a computerized study of 652 cases of bone and joint tuberculosis
      were presented. The cases were studied according to a program of 76 variables.
      From the various results of such a study, the following data were found. A high
      rate of tuberculous osteomyelitis (19%) and of tuberculosis of the upper limb
      joints (14%) were found. The reliability of a new x-ray classification based on
      the degree of destruction of the joint should be emphasized along with the
      reliability of biological examinations. All patients were treated according to
      the same principles; chemotherapy against tuberculosis, and surgical measures
      against musculoskeletal destruction. The results were excellent for tuberculosis.
      A favorable response to chemotherapy was found in 98% with only 3% of the cases
      relapsing. Anatomical results were surprisingly good and excellent in 56% of the
      cases, in spite of the low rate of surgery performed. Fair anatomical results
      often gave good functional results if no deformity persisted.

PMID- 3387333
TI  - Alphabet soup HMOs, PPOs, IPAs, etc, etc,!?

PMID- 3387334
TI  - Treatment of solitary bone cysts with intramedullary nailing.
AB  - The article describes the treatment of solitary bone cysts of the upper and lower
      limbs by means of elastic intramedullary nailing. In the 11 cases treated, bone
      rehabilitation was complete, probably due to the defluction of the intracystic
      fluid by means of the drainage caused by the nails.

PMID- 3387335
TI  - Treatment of upper extremity reflex sympathetic dystrophy with joint stiffness
      using sympatholytic Bier blocks and manipulation.
AB  - Twenty patients with reflex sympathetic dystrophy involving the upper extremity
      with associated joint stiffness were treated by manipulation under Bier blocks
      composed of lidocaine, methylprednisolone, and reserpine or guanethidine.
      Depending on the patients' response, repeat blocks were performed at 48- to 72
      hour intervals. Range of motion in the affected joints (primarily the hand and
      wrist) improved from a pre-block mean of 46% to 81% of normal following the
      blocks. Patients also reported an 80% mean improvement in their pain. The
      treatment of advanced reflex sympathetic dystrophy using joint manipulation under
      sympatholytic Bier blocks appears to be a safe and effective method of treatment.

PMID- 3387337
TI  - Automatic wire twister.
AB  - This automatic wire twister used in surgery consists of a 6-inch needle holder
      attached to a twisting mechanism. The major advantage of this device is that it
      twists wires significantly more rapidly than the conventional manual techniques.
      Testing has found that the ultimate force required to disrupt the wires twisted
      by either the automatic wire twister or manual techniques did not differ
      significantly and was directly related to the number of twists. The automatic
      wire twister reduces the time needed for wire twisting without altering the
      security of the twisted wire.

PMID- 3387336
TI  - Centrifugation of antibiotic impregnated bone cement.
AB  - Centrifugation is used to increase the strength of bone cement in total joint
      arthroplasty. Antibiotics have been incorporated into cement for the treatment
      and prophylaxis of infection. To determine the effect of centrifugation on
      antibiotic containing cement, tobramycin and cefamandole impregnated Surgical
      Simplex P polymethylmethacrylate was centrifuged using manufacturers' techniques.
      The concentration of antibiotics was measured throughout the cement column by a
      zone of inhibition bioassay. No difference in the distribution of the antibiotics
      could be demonstrated as compared to hand mixed controls. Centrifugation
      decreased the number of large air inclusions overall, however, a significant
      number were noted to remain at the top of the centrifugation gradient. It was
      concluded that centrifugation of an antibiotic impregnated bone cement, utilizing
      this technique, may be used without disturbing the antibiotic distribution.
      Discarding the top 1 cm of liquid centrifuged column to remove residual air
      inclusions is recommended.

PMID- 3387338
TI  - Malignant rhabdoid tumor of the thoracic spine.
AB  - A case of malignant rhabdoid tumor of the spine and a description of its CT
      findings are presented. The CT demonstrated a heterogeneous contrast enhancing
      epidural mass associated with severe bony destruction of the adjacent vertebra
      and cord compression.

PMID- 3387339
TI  - A locking collar for Luque rods.
AB  - The migration of hardware has been a problem in the Luque system of segmental
      spinal instrumentation. To prevent this migration, a device was designed to slip
      on the 3/16th inch or 1/4 inch Luque rod. This prevents movement between the wire
      rod interface, stopping both distal and proximal rotation of the rod. This
      article reports 21 patients with neuromuscular scoliosis on whom this technique
      was used. There was no migration of hardware and only one wire breakage in an
      area separate from the locking collar. These results are a marked improvement
      from patients of previous reports who did not receive the new device. Laboratory
      testing on the locking collar determined the best location on the "L" rod to be
      in the middle third of the rod. Rod migration has essentially been eliminated
      with this technique.

PMID- 3387340
TI  - Arthrodesis by the distraction-compression method using a stainless steel
      implant.
AB  - A new process for arthrodesis in humans is presented. The process has been used
      successfully in the cervical spine of horses and has potential for human use. The
      concept is encompassed in the process of an anterior cervical fusion and is an
      adaptation of that established practice but using an implant of stainless steel
      containing autogenous bone graft to encourage through-the-implant growth of bone.
      In the future, it may have use in the human spine and other joints.

PMID- 3387341
TI  - Radial carpal-volar lunate dislocation. A case report.
AB  - Lunate dislocations of the wrist are unusual injuries. A unique case of radial
      carpal-volar lunate dislocation is reported. The dislocation was treated with
      closed reduction and maintained by percutaneous pins. A good clinical and
      radiographic result was seen at 1-year follow up.

PMID- 3387342
TI  - The treatment of intercostal-brachial neuromas by posterior intercostal
      neurectomies. A case report.
AB  - The development of sensory neuromas in a postoperative field is a recognized and
      undesirable complication. Neuroma formation can impair patient cooperation and
      postoperative function. Treatment efforts are frequently unrewarding and may
      contribute to the patient's frustration. Intercostal-brachial neuromas which
      develop following first rib resections are representative of this problem.
      Posterior intercostal neurectomy may provide an alternative treatment modality.

PMID- 3387343
TI  - Gun shot wound to the knee.

PMID- 3387344
TI  - Loupe magnification as an aid to revision hip surgery.

PMID- 3387345
TI  - Partial sacral agenesis with congenital hip dislocation.

PMID- 3387346
TI  - The rapid eye test to detect drug abuse.
AB  - Because the current epidemic of drug abuse has touched all levels of society, the
      primary care physician is increasingly called on to identify, monitor, and treat
      persons with drug abuse problems. All of the major drugs of abuse, including
      cocaine, marijuana, amphetamine, phencyclidine, heroin, and alcohol, may produce
      typical eye signs that can be easily detected by a rapid eye test. These signs
      include ptosis, abnormal pupil size, nonreactivity of the pupil to a light
      challenge, nystagmus, and non-convergence. When eye signs are detected, drug use
      should be confirmed by analysis of body fluids. The rapid eye test is suitable
      for routine use when screening adolescents, athletes, and employees with jobs
      where safety is essential.

PMID- 3387347
TI  - Identifying substance abuse in adolescents. A look at a growing dilemma.

PMID- 3387348
TI  - You can help achieve a tobacco-free generation.

PMID- 3387349
TI  - Toxicology screening. How to assure accurate results.

PMID- 3387350
TI  - Update on traveler's diarrhea.
AB  - Traveler's diarrhea affects a substantial number of travelers to high-risk areas
      of the world. The key to controlling this troublesome disease is prevention. The
      most important preventive measures depend on educating patients to consume only
      safe foods and pure water. Physicians cannot overemphasize the importance of
      avoiding high-risk foods and of boiling water if a safe water supply is not
      available. Prophylactic medications are a secondary consideration and should be
      prescribed with discretion. In most cases, diarrhea is mild and self-limited,
      requiring only fluid and electrolyte replacement and perhaps an antidiarrheal
      agent. In moderate to severe cases, the addition of an antimicrobial agent may be
      of benefit. Until an efficacious polyvalent vaccine is developed, caution and
      common sense, together with discretionary dietary and hygienic practices, are the
      best defenses against traveler's diarrhea. The ultimate solution is greatly
      improved sanitation and personal hygiene, especially in high-risk countries.
      However, only dreamers will consider waiting for this transformation to occur.

PMID- 3387351
TI  - Travails of travel. Subtle and obscure causes of illness.
AB  - Knowledge of patients' travel history is an important facet of diagnosis.
      Malaria, Chagas' disease, toxoplasmosis, Lyme disease, arboviruses, and many
      other relatively unusual diseases can be contracted while the patient is
      traveling, and the symptoms, which may mimic another disease, may not become
      obvious until the patient returns. The Roman philosopher Marcus Aurelius
      Antoninus alerts us to easier resolutions of our daily diagnostic dilemmas: "Look
      within and let neither the peculiar quality of anything nor its value escape
      thee."

PMID- 3387352
TI  - Pulmonary mycoses. New concepts and new therapy.
AB  - The pathogenic and opportunistic fungi that commonly infect the human respiratory
      system cause diseases such as histoplasmosis, blastomycosis, aspergillosis, and
      invasive candidiasis. The increase in the incidence and severity of mycotic
      infections due to more aggressive immunosuppressive therapy and the spread of
      acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has had an impact on diagnosis and
      treatment of these conditions. Several therapeutic agents are currently available
      or undergoing clinical trials in the treatment of the pulmonary mycoses; among
      the agents with the greatest potential usefulness are the oral imidazoles,
      ketoconazole, itraconazole, and fluconazole.

PMID- 3387353
TI  - Particularly dangerous maneuvers in sports.

PMID- 3387354
TI  - Preventive cardiology. The time has come for physicians to get involved.

PMID- 3387355
TI  - Glomerulonephritis. Bacterial, viral, and other infectious causes.

PMID- 3387356
TI  - Hip fractures in the elderly. How to reduce morbidity and mortality.

PMID- 3387357
TI  - Sleep disorders in the later years.

PMID- 3387358
TI  - How to differentiate GI irritation from other causes of chest and upper abdominal
      pain.

PMID- 3387359
TI  - Fibromyalgia syndrome.

PMID- 3387360
TI  - Methanol poisoning.

PMID- 3387361
TI  - Desipramine-induced conduction disorder.

PMID- 3387362
TI  - Tuberculosis. Current recommendations for cure and control.

PMID- 3387363
TI  - Death from potassium chloride overdose.

PMID- 3387364
TI  - Abstracts of papers. Ninth annual meeting of the Southern Poultry Science
      Society.

PMID- 3387365
TI  - Mothers of preschool children: coping effectiveness.

PMID- 3387366
TI  - Predictors of loneliness in pregnant teenagers.

PMID- 3387367
TI  - Nursing on a construction crew in Nicaragua.

PMID- 3387368
TI  - Home care nursing: a view from the field.

PMID- 3387369
TI  - Success and difficulty in high-tech home care.

PMID- 3387370
TI  - Improving the delivery of services in a local health department: integration
      versus block.

PMID- 3387371
TI  - Activities and consultation patterns of nurse practitioners with master's and
      certificate preparation.

PMID- 3387372
TI  - Electrophysiological effects of amperozide in papillary muscles from ferrets,
      guinea-pigs and rabbits.
AB  - Amperozide, a novel psychotropic agent, in concentrations lower than 10 microM
      caused a homogenous prolongation only of the action potential in both guinea-pig
      and rabbit papillary muscle. In concentrations greater than or equal to 10
      microM, amperozide caused a flattening of the action potential plateau and the
      later part of the repolarization phase became slower (longer), probably
      reflecting an impaired repolarizing Na-Ca exchange current. The overshoot (OS)
      and the rate of rise of the action potential (dV/dtmax) were depressed. It is
      concluded that amperozide has a blocking action on the transmembrane calcium
      current since Isi (second inward current), DIA (depolarization induced
      automaticity) and the peak force of contraction were depressed. The blocking of
      the Isi was use-dependent resembling the actions of calcium-antagonists like
      verapamil, except that it was less potent at equimolar concentrations. Amperozide
      in concentrations where it acted as an Isi-blocker (above 10 microM), had
      depressing effects only on ouabain-induced oscillatory events. No major
      differences in the effects of amperozide were apparent between guinea-pig, ferret
      or rabbit papillary muscles.

PMID- 3387373
TI  - Effects of enprofylline, theophylline and terbutaline on second inward currents
      in papillary muscles from ferrets and guinea-pigs.
AB  - In ferret and guinea pig papillary muscles enprofylline (10 microM-10 mM) and
      theophylline (0.1-2 mM) alone or in combination with terbutaline (0.05 microM-0.1
      microM) decreased the action potential duration and increased the plateau height,
      increased the peak force of contraction and facilitated the depolarization
      induced automaticity. In voltage clamp, the xanthines alone or in combination
      with terbutaline increased second inward currents, ICa,f and ICa,2, but had
      relatively less effect on the time-dependent outward current. No qualitative
      differences between enprofylline and theophylline could be detected but the
      former was about 5 times more potent in increasing ICa,f. In clinically relevant
      concentrations, enprofylline and theophylline alone, or in combination with
      terbutaline caused a small (2-5%) shortening of the action potential.

PMID- 3387374
TI  - The bioavailability of rectally administered morphine.
AB  - Plasma concentrations of morphine were followed for 24 hours in eight patients
      after intravenous and rectal administration of 10 mg morphine chloride. The
      plasma levels of morphine were determined by a sensitive and specific
      radioimmunoassay based upon an extraction procedure which separates morphine from
      its major polar metabolites. The bioavailability of morphine after rectal
      administration was found to be 53.3 +/- 17.8% (mean +/- S.D.). Peak
      concentrations of 16.3 +/- 8.7 ng ml-1 were reached after 59 +/- 16 min. The
      study indicates that first pass elimination of morphine may be partially avoided
      by rectal administration.

PMID- 3387375
TI  - Decrease in the number of rat brain dopamine and muscarinic receptors after
      chronic alcohol intake.
AB  - The effect of 32 weeks' alcohol treatment on the number and affinity of dopamine
      and muscarinic receptor sites in rat striatum were measured using 3H-spiperone
      and 3H-quinuclidinylbenzilate (3H-QNB) as radioligands. The number of dopamine
      receptor sites was 38 per cent and the number of muscarinic receptor sites 36 per
      cent lower in the alcohol group than in control rats. The differences in receptor
      affinities were less marked. In conclusion, a long-term alcohol intake with
      rather moderate doses seems to induce a pronounced down-regulation in dopamine
      and muscarinic receptor systems in rat striatum.

PMID- 3387376
TI  - Sodium dependent uptake of 3H-choline in the cerebral cortex of ageing male rats.
AB  - Uptake of 3H-choline and the binding of 3H-hemicholinium-3 in the cerebral cortex
      was investigated in male Wistar rats of different ages. The effect of Al3+-ions
      on 3H-choline uptake was also studied. Na-dependent high affinity uptake of 3H
      choline and 3H-hemicholinium binding were lower in 10- to 11-month-old rats than
      in 3- to 4-month-old rats. There was no further decline in these parameters from
      10- to 11-month-old to 24- to 25-month-old rats. Al3+-ions had no effect on the
      uptake of 3H-choline. The present study supports the hypothesis that there is a
      relationship between Na-dependent high affinity uptake of 3H-choline and the
      binding of 3H-hemicholinium in the crude synaptosomal fraction of the rat
      cerebral cortex.

PMID- 3387377
TI  - Tumour promotion related effects by the cyclodiene insecticide endosulfan studied
      in vitro and in vivo.
AB  - The cyclodiene insecticide endosulfan is structurally related to the tumour
      promoting pesticides chlordane and heptachlor. Divergent conclusions have been
      reported regarding the carcinogenic activity of endosulfan. In this study we have
      investigated if endosulfan and four of its metabolites possess tumour promotion
      related effects. Two in vitro test systems detecting inhibition of intercellular
      communication were used; the Chinese hamster lung fibroblast (V79) metabolic
      cooperation assay and a scrape loading/dye transfer assay using rat liver WB
      epithelial cells. At non-cytotoxic concentrations, technical grade endosulfan,
      analytical grade endosulfan (alpha- and beta-isomers and an alpha beta-isomer
      mixture) and endosulfan-sulfate inhibited gap junctional communication in both
      assay systems. In addition, the metabolite endosulfan-ether was effective in the
      rat liver WB epithelial cells. Endosulfan was also studied for enhancement of
      gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase positive enzyme altered foci incidence in partially
      hepatectomized, nitrosodiethylamine-initiated male Sprague-Dawley rats. However,
      endosulfan administered orally (1 or 5 mg/kg/day) five days a week for ten weeks
      did not enhance enzyme altered foci incidence. These apparently contradictory
      results with regard to possible tumour promoting activity of endosulfan are
      discussed in relation to metabolism, systemic toxicity and tissue/species
      specificity in tumour promotion.

PMID- 3387378
TI  - Collagen and glycosaminoglycans in fluoride-exposed pigs.

PMID- 3387379
TI  - [Elective aggressive behavioral disorders].

PMID- 3387380
TI  - [Immigrant families from Mediterranean countries: systematic considerations of
      relations to the family of origin--the nuclear family].

PMID- 3387381
TI  - [Dreams in the psychotherapy of psychotic children].

PMID- 3387382
TI  - [The effect of lipase from Penicillium sp. on the membrane fraction of the
      levorin-producing Streptomyces levoris].
AB  - The effect of a lipase preparation from Penicillium sp. on the membranes of the
      levorin producer Streptomyces levoris was being studied. The enzyme preparation
      was found preferably to hydrolyse neutral lipids in the Str. levoris membranes,
      which makes it possible to use the lipase from Penicillium sp. for studying
      neutral lipids in microbial membranes.

PMID- 3387383
TI  - [Study of the structure of mannans from Candida maltosa and Candida tropicalis
      using 13C-NMR spectroscopy].
AB  - Mannans were isolated from six Candida strains and characterized. 13C-NMR
      spectroscopy revealed interspecific and interstrain difference of the yeasts in
      the structure of their mannans.

PMID- 3387384
TI  - [S-methylmethioninesulfonium hydrolase activity in plant and animal tissues].
AB  - A gas-chromatographic technique is proposed for determining the activity of S
      methylmethionine-sulphonium-salt hydrolase in homogenates of plant and animal
      tissues. The enzyme was found in flowers, leaves and fruits of different plants.
      The enzymatic hydrolysis of S-methylmethionine was found for the first time in
      different organs of animals, liver and kidneys possessing the highest enzyme
      activity.

PMID- 3387385
TI  - [Rational recruitment for postgraduate instructional series in phthisiology as a
      necessary measure in improving raising their effectiveness].

PMID- 3387387
TI  - [Diagnostic significance of bronchoalveolar lavage in various lung diseases].

PMID- 3387386
TI  - [Indices of humoral immunity and central hemodynamics in patients with pulmonary
      tuberculosis].

PMID- 3387388
TI  - [Evaluation of the function of the oxygen transport system in patients with
      bronchial asthma under submaximal physical loading].

PMID- 3387389
TI  - [BCG-M revaccination of children with allergic diseases].

PMID- 3387391
TI  - [Extracorporeal hemosorption for the prevention of pleuropulmonary complications
      after pneumonectomy in patients with lung cancer].

PMID- 3387390
TI  - [Surgical treatment of tuberculous sacroiliitis].

PMID- 3387392
TI  - [Use of hyperbaric oxygenation in the combined treatment of patients with
      nephrotuberculosis complicated by chronic kidney failure].

PMID- 3387393
TI  - [Use of essentiale in chronic liver diseases in patients with pulmonary
      tuberculosis].

PMID- 3387394
TI  - [Genetically determined haptoglobin types in patients with fibrous-cavernous
      pulmonary tuberculosis].

PMID- 3387396
TI  - [Principles of forming groups at risk for tuberculosis in rural districts].

PMID- 3387395
TI  - [Therapeutic properties of a prolonged-action preparation of isoniazid].

PMID- 3387398
TI  - [Diagnostic bronchoalveolar lavage].

PMID- 3387397
TI  - [Low-frequency magnetic field in the combined therapy of inflammatory lung
      diseases].

PMID- 3387400
TI  - [Diagnosis of tuberculosis of the peripheral lymph nodes].

PMID- 3387399
TI  - [Side reactions to antitubercular preparations and their prognosis in children
      and adolescents with tuberculosis].

PMID- 3387401
TI  - [Course and outcome of miliary tuberculosis in adults].

PMID- 3387402
TI  - [Neuropsychic status of patients with newly detected pulmonary tuberculosis and
      its effect on the tolerance for antitubercular preparations].

PMID- 3387403
TI  - [Characteristics of the reactivation of tuberculous meningitis].

PMID- 3387404
TI  - Species identification and virulence of Acanthamoeba strains from human nasal
      mucosa.
AB  - Using agarose isoelectric focusing, the isoenzymes of 19 Acanthamoeba strains
      were investigated. They had been isolated from nasal mucosa, and the species
      identification based on morphology of the cyst had previously been reported. The
      identification by isoenzymes differed from that by cystic morphology. Growth at
      40 degrees C correlated with the species identification by isoenzymes. Six
      strains were identified as A. lenticulata, nine as A. mauritaniensis, one as A.
      rhysodes, and three belonged to the A. lugdunensis-A. quina complex. Several of
      the nasal A. lenticulta isolates proved to be highly virulent for mice.

PMID- 3387405
TI  - The infection of various tick species with Babesia bigemina, its transmission and
      identification.
AB  - Strains of Boophilus decoloratus and B. microplus were easily infected with a
      single stock of Babesia bigemina; Boophilus annulatus could be infected less
      easily, and it was difficult to infect Rhipicephalus evertsi. Two strains of R.
      appendiculatus and one strain each of R. bursa and Hyalomma anatolicum excavatum
      were refractory. The same stock of B. bigemina was transmitted by nymphs and
      adults of B. decoloratus but only by nymphs of R. evertsi. Vertical infection was
      not observed in R. evertsi, whereas it persisted in B. decoloratus for at least
      two generations. The sporokinetes in the hemolymph of R. evertsi were
      significantly shorter than those in the three Boophilus species.

PMID- 3387406
TI  - Quantitative description of the development of Babesia ovis in Rhipicephalus
      bursa (hemolymph, ovary, eggs).
AB  - The development and infection dynamics of Babesia ovis in the hemolymph, ovaries,
      and eggs of Rhipicephalus bursa are described quantitatively, based mainly on
      examination of Giemsa-stained smears. After alimentary infection of female ticks,
      their hemolymph became infected 5 days after repletion (p.repl.). The prevalence
      and mean intensity of infection increased during the course of infection studied,
      up to 17 days p.repl. After vertical infection of female ticks, their hemolymph
      was infected only during the first 3 days after the onset of infestation (p.
      infest.) and again after the onset of alimentary infection 5 days p.repl. There
      was a positive correlation between prevalence and mean intensity of infection in
      the hemolymph. The prevalence of infection decreased with aging of the unfed
      adult ticks. After alimentary infection, the ovaries became infected 6 days
      p.repl., and after vertical infection, 3 days p. infest; they remained infected
      until the death of the tick. Ticks selected for susceptibility during 18 and 19
      vertically infected generations were more susceptible than ticks in their first
      to third vertically infected generations or alimentarily infected ticks. Eggs
      deposited on day 1 of oviposition were noninfected after alimentary infection of
      the female tick. After vertical infection of the tick, even such eggs became
      infected; the infection, then, was detectable in eggs produced throughout the
      oviposition period regardless of the infection mode. Intense hemolymph infections
      induced an increase of egg degeneration and a decrease of total as well as
      infected egg production. There was a positive correlation between the number of
      deposited and infected eggs as well as between prevalence and mean intensity of
      infection in eggs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3387407
TI  - [Preliminary observations of two microsporidian hyperparasites of Acanthocephala
      in marine and lagoon fishes].
AB  - Microsporidium acanthocephali n. sp. and Microsporidium propinqui n. sp. are two
      microsporidian species hyperparasitic in the tegumentary syncytium of salt-water
      fishes. Their ultrastructural study shows that both species have diplocaryotic
      meronts and spores, anisofilar polar filaments; meronts and some sporogonic
      stages of M. acanthocephali are surrounded by a parasitic vacuole. Spores of both
      parasites are oviform; those of M. acanthocephali are gigantic, 12-14 micron long
      and 6-7 micron broad, those of M. propinqui are only 3-4 micron X 1.25-1.50
      micron. A poor knowledge of some sporogonic aspects prevents us from all precise
      generic assigning of these two parasites which may coexist in the same Helminth.

PMID- 3387408
TI  - Fine structure and permeability of the metacercarial cyst wall of Clinostomum
      marginatum (Digenea).
AB  - Encysted metacercariae of Clinostomum marginatum (Digenea) were obtained from
      tissues of yellow perch, Perca flavescens. The outermost wall (host response) as
      seen under electron microscopy consisted of a single, fibrous tissue layer, 10-25
      micron thick. The tissue contained flattened fibrocytes, small fat deposits, and
      vacuoles embedded between layers of collagen fibers. The cyst cavity was filled
      with small vesicles, crystals, and debris. No layer corresponding to the primary
      (parasite-produced) cyst wall secreted by most species of metacercariae was
      noted. To determine the permeability of the cyst wall, encysted worms were
      incubated under initial rate conditions with [3H] glucose, with and without the
      glucose transport inhibitors phlorizin and phloretin. After incubation, the worms
      were mechanically excysted, washed, and processed to determine glucose uptake
      rates. Vmax and Kt were greater than those obtained for worms excysted prior to
      incubation with substrate. Moreover, the presence of phlorizin or phloretin in
      the incubation medium had no effect on glucose uptake by encysted worms. Thus,
      the selective permeability of the cyst wall permits free diffusion of glucose to
      the cutaneous transport systems of the worm, while restricting the movements of
      phlorizin and phloretin.

PMID- 3387409
TI  - Studies on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase from the human parasite, Onchocerca
      volvulus.
AB  - Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (E.C. 1.1.1.49) was partially purified from the
      extracts of adult Onchocerca volvulus by affinity chromatography on 2'5'ADP
      Sepharose-4B. Kinetic studies revealed a typical bell-shaped pH profile with an
      optimum lying between pH 7.3 and 7.8. The apparent Km for glucose-6-phosphate was
      5.66 x 10(-5) M, whereas that for NADP was 2.17 x 10(-6) M. Suramin, a
      filaricidal drug, inhibited the enzyme competitively with respect to NADP as a
      substrate: the apparent Ki values were 2.23 x 10(-6) M and 4.21 x 10(-7) M,
      respectively, for the crude and purified enzyme preparations. Glucose-6-phosphate
      dehydrogenase therefore, could be one of the targets of suramin in vivo.

PMID- 3387410
TI  - Effect of ivermectin against subperiodic Brugia malayi infection in the leaf
      monkey, Presbytis cristata.
AB  - Ivermectin at single doses of 0.2-1.0 mg/kg body weight reduced the microfilarial
      counts of subperiodic Brugia malayi in Presbytis cristata by 59.9%-89.6% of
      initial counts, 4 weeks after treatment. Adult filaricidal activity was poor,
      live adult worms being recovered from all animals at autopsy. There was no
      serious side effect at these doses.

PMID- 3387411
TI  - Blastocystis hominis, Brumpt 1912: are there different stages or species?

PMID- 3387412
TI  - Cultivation and development of Microphallus pygmaeus (Trematoda:Microphallidae)
      in fertile chick eggs.

PMID- 3387413
TI  - Nuclear inclusions in rostellar cells of Echinococcus multilocularis (Cestoda).

PMID- 3387414
TI  - BSN--why not now?

PMID- 3387415
TI  - Nurses and the use of reward power in politics.

PMID- 3387416
TI  - Is nursing really blue collar?

PMID- 3387417
TI  - Pancreas divisum.

PMID- 3387418
TI  - Clinical experience in 82 patients with pancreas divisum: preliminary results of
      manometry and endoscopic therapy.
AB  - Although it is clear that the majority of patients with pancreas divisum have no
      clinical disease, there is a subset of patients who have either unexplained
      abdominal pain or recurrent pancreatitis. Endoscopic therapy of the minor papilla
      may alter the clinical course of those patients with pancreas divisum and
      recurrent pancreatitis. Manometric study of the minor papilla is feasible and
      reveals a sphincter mechanism similar to the major papilla. Clinical response to
      endoscopic therapy may aid in selecting patients who might benefit from surgical
      sphincteroplasty. Refinement of manometric study of the minor papilla offers a
      potential method of detecting functional obstruction of dorsal duct drainage.

PMID- 3387419
TI  - The assay of chymotrypsin in stool as a simple and effective test of exocrine
      pancreatic activity in cystic fibrosis.
AB  - The study evaluates two methods of assay of fecal chymotrypsin (titrimetric and
      spectrophotometric method) as an index of exocrine pancreatic function. The assay
      was performed on 101 control subjects and 128 cystic fibrosis (CF) patients by
      the first method, and 75 controls and 102 CF patients by the second method. CF
      subjects were subdivided into four groups based on pancreatic function: total
      pancreatic insufficiency in the first group, partial pancreatic insufficiency in
      the second group, normal pancreatic function in the third group, and pancreatic
      insufficiency plus enzymatic treatment in the fourth group. Fifty-four CF
      patients were examined in the first group, 27 in the second group, 19 in the
      third group, and 28 in the fourth group by the titrimetric method; 23, 25, 50,
      and 65, respectively by the spectrophotometric method. The spectrophotometric
      method was highly reproducible and more sensitive and specific. With such a
      method the assay on stool random sampling correlated with the duodenal output of
      chymotrypsin after hormonal stimulation as well as fecal output of 72 h. The test
      had sensitivity and specificity of 100% if referred to CF patients with total
      pancreatic insufficiency. It was calculated that CF patients with normal fecal
      chymotrypsin have a probability of 76% to have a normal pancreatic function and a
      probability of 24% to have a partially compromised pancreatic function. The assay
      separates distinctly CF patients with a fat absorption coefficient greater than
      90% from those with a coefficient less than 90%. The test is proposed for current
      clinical use in diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic insufficiency in cystic
      fibrosis.

PMID- 3387420
TI  - Organic matrix of pancreatic stones associated with nutritional pancreatitis.
AB  - In recent studies performed on pancreatic stones from patients with alcoholic
      pancreatitis, a novel secretory protein was identified: the pancreatic stone
      protein (PSP Mr 14,000). This protein suppresses CaCO3 precipitation, and could
      therefore stabilize normally supersaturated pancreatic juice. Crystallographic
      analysis of stones from patients with nutritional pancreatitis (NP), as well as
      alcoholic pancreatitis (AP), revealed that the main constituent was calcite
      (CaCO3). In the present study, we investigated the organic matrix of NP stones.
      In the 14 cases studied, the organic matrix was rendered soluble after mineral
      dissolution with EDTA + citrate. Analysis of the isolated matrix revealed the
      presence of one major protein (Mr 14,000), and of a minor protein (Mr 30,000),
      which is in fact an aggregate form of the 14,000 Mr protein. Using PSP
      antibodies, complete immunological identity was found between PSP, the
      immunoreactive form of PSP present in nonactivated pancreatic juice, and the
      protein matrix of NP stones. Moreover, protein matrix of NP stones also inhibited
      the nucleation of CaCO3 crystal, and decreased their growth rate in vitro. The
      presence of PSP in all AP and NP stones suggests that it plays a key role in
      stone formation during the course of chronic pancreatitis. These results also
      suggest the existence of some pathophysiological links between these two
      apparently different etiological forms of calcifying pancreatitis.

PMID- 3387421
TI  - Effects of cholecystokinin and hydrocortisone on DNA and protein synthesis in
      immature rat pancreas.
AB  - To define the developmental pattern of the trophic effects of cholecystokinin
      octapeptide (CCK-8) and hydrocortisone on immature rat pancreas, we injected
      newborn rats, rats aged 4, 7, 11, 18, and 25 days and 3 months, and adult rats
      with CCK (5 and 10 micrograms/kg) in gelatin and hydrocortisone (10 mg/kg) for 3
      days. Animals were killed, the pancreata were removed, and the concentrations of
      DNA and protein were measured and DNA and protein synthesis rates determined by
      incorporation of [3H]thymidine and [14C]leucine, respectively. These values were
      compared with those of saline-injected controls. DNA concentration was
      significantly increased over control at ages 2 days to adult by hydrocortisone
      and by CCK (10 micrograms/kg) in the adult. Protein concentration was increased
      on days 3-14 by hydrocortisone. DNA synthesis was increased by CCK and decreased
      by hydrocortisone at 3 months and adult. Protein synthesis was decreased by
      hydrocortisone at ages 3-14 days. Thus, each agent has its own developmental
      pattern with age on the rat pancreas.

PMID- 3387422
TI  - Pancreatic polyamine concentrations and cholecystokinin plasma levels in rats
      after feeding raw or heat-inactivated soybean flour.
AB  - We investigated the trophic effect on the pancreas of male Wistar rats fed up to
      20 days with either raw soybean flour (RSF) containing an active trypsin
      inhibitor or heat-inactivated soybean flour (HSF). The concentrations of the
      polyamines putrescine, spermidine, and spermine in the pancreas as well as
      cholecystokinin (CCK) concentrations in arterial and portal vein plasma were
      measured. Plasma CCK concentrations were measured by a sensitive radioimmunoassay
      specific for the sulfated region of CCK, whereas polyamine concentrations are
      determined by reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The levels
      of CCK in both arterial and portal vein plasma were significantly higher in RSF-
      compared with HSF-fed rats, the concentration in the portal vein being twice as
      high compared with the aorta. A significant increase in pancreatic weight and
      protein content was positively correlated to an increase in putrescine and
      spermidine in the pancreas of RSF-fed rats compared with HSF-fed controls,
      whereas the spermine content did not differ between the two groups. The
      pancreatic DNA content in RSF-fed rats was significantly above control values of
      day 20 only. These data support the hypothesis that the trophic effect of soybean
      trypsin inhibitor on the pancreas is mediated by CCK and that polyamines might
      play an important role in CCK-induced pancreatic growth.

PMID- 3387423
TI  - In vivo action of bombesin on exocrine pancreatic secretion in the rat:
      independent of cholecystokinin and cholinergic mediation.
AB  - This study evaluates the effect of bombesin on pancreatic enzyme secretion in the
      rat and determines whether the stimulatory action of bombesin is mediated through
      the release of cholecystokinin (CCK) or via a cholinergic pathway. We performed
      in vivo experiments on conscious rats prepared with cannulae inserted in the
      pancreatic duct, in the external jugular vein, and in the duodenum. Intravenous
      infusion of bombesin stimulated pancreatic protein output in a dose-dependent
      fashion. Bombesin infused at 5 micrograms/kg/h stimulated pancreatic protein
      secretion from a basal of 12 +/- 5 to 42 +/- 10 mg/h. Infusion of proglumide (400
      mg/kg/h) did not affect the stimulatory effect of bombesin on pancreatic protein
      secretion (38 +/- 5 mg/h). In contrast, infusion of proglumide abolished the
      pancreatic protein output elicited by intravenous infusion of CCK8 (500 ng/kg/h).
      This suggests that bombesin does not act through CCK to mediate exocrine
      pancreatic secretion. In separate studies we intravenously infused rats with
      atropine (100 micrograms/kg/h) prior to infusion with bombesin. Administration of
      atropine slightly decreased secretory volume but did not affect the action of
      bombesin. Combined administration of atropine and proglumide also did not affect
      pancreatic protein output stimulated by bombesin. Since infusion of neither
      proglumide nor atropine inhibited the stimulatory action of bombesin, the action
      of bombesin in the rat is probably direct and not through the release of CCK or
      via a cholinergic pathway.

PMID- 3387424
TI  - Trophic responses of the pancreas differ in aging rats.
AB  - We previously have shown that the response of pancreatic lipase and amylase to
      changes in diet composition is altered in senescent rats. The present study was
      designed to determine if the trophic response to a defined gastrointestinal
      peptide stimulus differed in 3-month (young) and 27-month (aging) Fischer rats.
      Caerulein-secretin, administered every 8 h for 7 days, induced pancreatic
      hypertrophy and hyperplasia as judged by increases in pancreatic weight, protein,
      and DNA content in both groups. A significant increase also occurred in the
      content of trypsinogen, amylase, lipase and the polyamines, putrescine, spermine,
      and spermidine. To quantify differences in the trophic response between young and
      aging rats, the ratios of data in the treated animals relative to that observed
      in controls were determined. Pancreatic weight, protein content, and protein DNA
      ratio increased significantly more in young than in aging treated animals. DNA
      also increased more but did not reach significance. Pancreatic trypsinogen and
      lipase content increased significantly more in younger animals, whereas amylase
      responses were not different between the two groups. Stimulation of pancreatic
      putrescine and spermidine was also greater in young than in aged animals. We
      conclude that trophic responses of the pancreas are altered in senescent rats.

PMID- 3387425
TI  - Risk factors of gingival injuries in plaque removal by toothbrushing.

PMID- 3387426
TI  - Screening for high caries increment in children.

PMID- 3387427
TI  - Number of visits to a state in a random walk, before absorption, and related
      topics.
AB  - Equations are derived for the probability of n visits to a given state during the
      course of a random walk on a finite diagram that starts from a specified state
      and ends with absorption. By deriving the mean number of visits in two different
      ways, certain conjectures or theorems are encountered that connect properties of
      different but related diagrams in an interesting way. Other subjects included are
      (i) number of one-way transitions between two states before absorption; (ii) time
      dependence of the rate of cycle completions before absorption; and (iii) the
      relation of this work to the "return process" of Karlin and Taylor.

PMID- 3387428
TI  - Tunichlorin: a nickel chlorin isolated from the Caribbean tunicate Trididemnum
      solidum.
AB  - Tunichlorin, a blue-green pigment isolated from the Caribbean tunicate
      Trididemnum solidum, has been identified as nickel(II) 2-devinyl-2
      hydroxymethylpyropheophorbide a by chemical and spectroscopic methods, with
      confirmation by partial synthesis of dimethyl tunichlorin from chlorophyll a.
      Nickel chlorins have been reported from geological sources but not from living
      organisms. Its occurrence in a living system suggests a metabolic role for
      tunichlorin and may clarify the selective accumulation of nickel by marine
      tunicates. Because Trididemnum tunicates are associated with algal symbionts,
      tunichlorin may arise directly from the tunicate, from symbiotic algae, or from
      tunicate modification of an algal chlorin.

PMID- 3387429
TI  - Nonenzymatic sequence-specific methyl transfer to single-stranded DNA.
AB  - 2'-Deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate with a methylthioether moiety at the 5 position
      can be incorporated into a primer-template DNA complex with Klenow enzyme.
      Activation with CNBr at 25 degrees C, pH 5.5, followed by treatment with
      piperidine produces sequence-specific cleavage on the template DNA predominantly
      at a single guanine position. The mechanism involves methyl-group transfer from
      sulfur on the modified deoxyuridine of the extended primer to N-7 of guanine on
      the template DNA. This raises the possibility for the design and synthesis of a
      nonenzymatic class of sequence-specific methyltransferases for DNA.

PMID- 3387430
TI  - DNA twisting and the affinity of bacteriophage 434 operator for bacteriophage 434
      repressor.
AB  - The affinity of the Escherichia coli phage 434 operator for phage 434 repressor
      is affected by changes in the sequence of the noncontacted base pairs near the
      operator's center. The results presented here show that base composition near the
      center of the operator affects the operator's affinity for repressor by altering
      the ease with which the operator can be overtwisted into the proper configuration
      for complex formation. We show that both DNA flexibility and repressor
      flexibility influence the strength of the repressor-operator interaction: an
      operator with a single-strand nick at its center has a higher affinity for
      repressor than does the intact operator: and a repressor bearing a mutation that
      results in a relaxed dimer interaction is less sensitive than is wild type to
      changes in the flexibility of the operator. We show that the effect of
      noncontacted base pairs on operator affinity is independent of the slight overall
      bend of the operator seen in the repressor-operator complex. Central sequence
      effects on affinity for repressor are independent of the identity of adjacent
      base pairs, suggesting that the structure of the individual base pairs, not
      interactions between them, are responsible for the different torsional rigidities
      of different operators.

PMID- 3387431
TI  - Carcinoembryonic antigen is anchored to membranes by covalent attachment to a
      glycosylphosphatidylinositol moiety: identification of the ethanolamine linkage
      site.
AB  - The COOH-terminal amino acid of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is shown to
      covalently link with ethanolamine, evidence consistent with the anchorage of CEA
      to the plasma membrane through a phosphatidylinositol-glycan tail. Purified CEA
      was digested with trypsin, and the resulting peptides were isolated by reverse
      phase HPLC. Tryptic hexapeptide T12, terminating atypically with alanine,
      corresponded in sequence (Ser-Ile-Thr-Val-Ser-Ala) with the last six residues
      (637-642) of the third repeating domain in the mature CEA protein. Mass
      determination of the hexapeptide by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry
      suggested the presence of an additional ethanolamine moiety. This finding and the
      absence of the subsequent 26 hydrophobic residues predicted by cDNA sequence is
      evidence that hexapeptide T12 is the COOH-terminal peptide of mature CEA. A
      synthetic peptide identical to hexapeptide T12 was prepared, and ethanolamine was
      coupled to its COOH-terminal alanine; chromatographic properties of this
      synthetic ethanolamine-coupled peptide and peptide T12 were the same. B/E-linked
      scan mass spectral analysis of the ethanolamine-coupled synthetic peptide and
      peptide T12 revealed a fragment ion series consistent with the presence of a COOH
      terminal ethanolamine. Release of membrane-bound CEA from the CEA-expressing cell
      line LS 174T was shown by indirect immunofluorescence and flow cytometry after
      treatment with phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C. We conclude that
      CEA is processed posttranslationally to remove the hydrophobic COOH-terminal
      residues (643-668) with subsequent addition of an ethanolamine
      glycosylphosphatidylinositol moiety and that treatment of a colonic cell line
      with phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C releases membrane-bound CEA.

PMID- 3387432
TI  - A Holliday recombination intermediate is twofold symmetric.
AB  - Four-arm Holliday structures are ephemeral intermediates in genetic
      recombination. We have used an oligodeoxynucleotide system to form immobile DNA
      junctions, which are stable analogs of Holliday structures. We have probed the
      equilibrium structure of a junction by means of hydroxyl radicals generated by
      the reaction of iron(II)EDTA with hydrogen peroxide. The hydroxyl radical
      cleavage pattern shows twofold symmetry throughout the molecule. Strong
      protection from hydroxyl radical attack is evident on two strands near the branch
      site, and weaker protection may be seen four or five residues 3' to the branch
      site on the other two strands. No other position appears significantly distinct
      from double-helical DNA controls. From these data, we conclude that the Holliday
      junction is a twofold symmetric complex whose four arms form two stacking
      domains.

PMID- 3387433
TI  - Localization and conditional redundancy of regulatory elements in rbcS-3A, a pea
      gene encoding the small subunit of ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase.
AB  - Expression of the pea rbcS-3A gene, one of a family of genes encoding the small
      subunit of ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase [EC 4.1.1.39], is regulated by light
      and is restricted to chloroplast-containing cells. We analyzed the effects of
      light and development on rbcS-3A expression in transgenic plants. Two highly
      conserved sequences ("boxes" II and III) around nucleotide position -150
      (relative to the transcription initiation site, +1) are required for rbcS-3A
      expression. The so-defined positive elements overlap with previously identified
      negative light-regulatory elements. In the case of box II, which has sequence
      similarity to the core enhancer motif of simian virus 40, a GG----CC transversion
      is sufficient to abolish expression. The effect of mutations in boxes II and III
      can only be measured when sequences upstream of -170 are removed, and because
      sequences both 5' and 3' of -170 can direct light-regulated and organ-specific
      expression. This implies that there is a redundancy of cis-acting elements in the
      5' noncoding region of rbcS-3A. However, we show that the sequences upstream of 
      170 are dispensable only in the mature leaves of a green plant. In contrast, in
      the young, expanding leaves at the top of a green plant, as well as in seedlings,
      the distal elements are required for high-level expression. Therefore, redundancy
      is not absolute, and the requirements for rbcS-3A expression change during plant
      development.

PMID- 3387434
TI  - Characterization of specific pancreatic polypeptide receptors on basolateral
      membranes of the canine small intestine.
AB  - We have identified specific binding sites for pancreatic polypeptide (PP) on the
      mucosal lining of canine small intestine. The present study was undertaken to
      further characterize these binding sites (receptors) on purified intestinal
      membranes and to establish their location on the brush border or basolateral
      surface of the intestinal enterocyte. Basolateral and brush border membranes were
      prepared by sorbitol density centrifugation. PP receptors were localized
      predominantly to the vascular surface, and thus binding of PP 125I-labeled on Tyr
      27 to the basolateral preparation was used to evaluate receptor characteristics.
      Binding of PP was calcium, time, temperature, and pH dependent. Maximum specific
      binding of labeled PP occurred after an 8-hr incubation at 4 degrees C with 5 mM
      calcium at pH 6.8. Data analysis by Scatchard plot showed high- and low-affinity
      binding sites with relative affinities of 1.5 x 10(-9) M and 2.6 x 10(-8) M and
      with corresponding binding capacities of 0.23 pmol/mg and 0.84 pmol/mg of
      protein, respectively. This receptor was specific for PP since peptide YY and
      neuropeptide Y, peptides of the PP family, cross-reacted by less than 3%, as
      judged from comparisons of half-maximal displacement of label. Structurally
      dissimilar peptides, insulin and glucagon, did not compete for binding. Specific
      125I-labeled PP binding was localized primarily to basolateral membranes (9.8 +/-
      0.8%) with little binding by brush border membranes (0.8 +/- 0.2%). Thus, we have
      identified highly specific receptors for PP, located predominantly on the
      vascular surface of the small intestinal mucosa. These data suggest that the
      mucosal lining of the small intestine is a target tissue for PP and that PP
      participates in the hormonal regulation of fuel metabolism and substrate
      transport in the small intestinal mucosa.

PMID- 3387435
TI  - DNA methylation as a mechanism of transcriptional regulation in nonphotosynthetic
      plastids in plant cells.
AB  - Transcription of amyloplast DNA in a heterotrophic line of cultured cells of
      sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus L.) appeared to be greatly suppressed. A mutant
      cell line obtained from the heterotrophic line is green and autotrophic. Heavy
      modification of amyloplast DNA with a variety of methylated bases was
      demonstrated by analysis of the acid hydrolysate of DNA by high-performance
      liquid chromatography, but little modification of chloroplast DNA from the green
      line was detected. When plastid DNAs from the original and green cell lines were
      digested with methyl-sensitive restriction enzymes, DNA methylation was detected
      in regions containing the genes for the large subunit of ribulose-1,5
      bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rbcL), subunits of chloroplast coupling
      factor 1 (atpA, -B, and -E), the apoprotein of P700 (psaA), and ribosomal protein
      S4 (rps4) but not the genes for 16S rRNA and the 32-kDa QB protein (psbA) in the
      original line, whereas no methylation was observed in the green line. The genes
      for which methylation was not detectable were found to be active as templates for
      in vitro transcription by Escherichia coli RNA polymerase, but the methylated
      genes were apparently inactive. Methylation of DNA is a likely mechanism for the
      regulation of expression of amyloplast DNA in sycamore cells.

PMID- 3387436
TI  - Identification of rat growth hormone genomic sequences targeting pituitary
      expression in transgenic mice.
AB  - Constructs containing different segments of the 5' flanking region of the rat
      growth hormone gene fused to the human growth hormone coding sequences were
      introduced into fertilized mouse oocytes. As few as 181 base pairs of the rat
      growth hormone promoter targeted reporter gene expression to the pituitary gland
      of the resulting transgenic mice. A construct containing only 45 base pairs of
      the promoter failed to target expression of the reporter to the pituitary,
      indicating that the pituitary expression is directed by information contained in
      the segment spanning positions -181 to -45. In the pituitary,
      immunohistochemistry showed transgene expression mainly in the growth hormone
      producing cells (somatotrophs), in a subset of cells producing thyrotropin, and
      occasionally in prolactin-producing cells. These data establish that cis-active
      elements contained within the first 180 base pairs of the promoter are sufficient
      for transcriptional activation of the growth hormone gene in somatotrophs and
      suggest a functional relationship among growth hormone, prolactin, and
      thyrotropin gene activation.

PMID- 3387437
TI  - Sources and evolution of human Alu repeated sequences.
AB  - Alu repeated sequences arising in DNA of the human lineage during about the last
      30 million years are closely similar to a modern consensus. Alu repeats arising
      at earlier times share correlated blocks of differences from the current
      consensus at diagnostic positions in the sequence. Using these 26 positions, we
      can recognize four subfamilies and the older ones are each successively closer to
      the 7SL sequence. It appears that there has existed a series of conserved genes
      that are the primary sources of the Alu repeat family, presumably through
      retroposition. These genes have probably replaced each other in overlapping
      relays during the evolution of primates.

PMID- 3387438
TI  - A fundamental division in the Alu family of repeated sequences.
AB  - The Alu family of repeated sequences from the human genome contains two distinct
      subfamilies. This division is based on different base preferences in a number of
      diagnostic sequence positions. One subfamily of the sequences, referred to as the
      Alu-J subfamily, is very similar to 7SL DNA in these positions. The other
      subfamily, Alu-S, can be divided further into well-defined branches of sequences.
      These findings revise the previous picture of the Alu family and expose their
      complex evolutionary dynamics. They reveal sequence variations of potential
      importance for the proliferation of Alu repeats and relate them to their
      structural features. In addition, they open the possibility of using different
      types of Alu sequences as natural markers for studying genetic rearrangements in
      the genome.

PMID- 3387439
TI  - Concentration-affinity equivalence in gene regulation: convergence of genetic and
      environmental effects.
AB  - It is proposed that equivalent phenotypic effects can be obtained by either
      structural changes in macromolecules involved in gene regulation or changes in
      activity of the structurally unaltered macromolecules. This equivalence between
      changes in activity (concentration) and changes in structure can come into play
      within physiologically plausible limits and seems to represent an important
      interface between environment and genome--namely, between environmentally
      determined and genetically determined gene expression. The equivalence principle
      helps explain the appearance of phenocopies. It also points to a general pathway
      favorable to the occurrence, during evolution, of frequent episodes corresponding
      to Waddington's genetic assimilation and is likely to represent one component of
      the system responsible for the high frequency of recurrence of parallel
      evolution.

PMID- 3387440
TI  - Anti-tumor effects of antibody-alkaline phosphatase conjugates in combination
      with etoposide phosphate.
AB  - Two anti-tumor monoclonal antibodies, L6 (anticarcinoma) and 1F5 (anti-B
      lymphoma), were covalently linked to alkaline phosphatase (AP), forming
      conjugates that could bind to the surface of antigen-positive tumor cells. The
      conjugates were capable of converting a relatively noncytotoxic prodrug,
      etoposide phosphate (EP), into etoposide--a drug with significant antitumor
      activity. In vitro studies with a human colon carcinoma cell line, H3347,
      demonstrated that while EP was less toxic than etoposide by a factor of greater
      than 100, it was equally toxic when the cells were pretreated with L6-AP, a
      conjugate that bound to the surface of H3347 cells. The L6-AP conjugate localized
      in H3347 tumor xenografts in nude mice and histological evaluation indicated that
      the targeted enzyme (AP) was distributed throughout the tumor mass. A strong
      antitumor response was observed in H3347-bearing mice that were treated with L6
      AP followed 18-24 hr later by EP. This response, which included the rejection of
      established tumors, was superior to that of EP (P less than 0.005) or etoposide
      (P less than 0.001) given alone. The IF5-AP conjugate did not bind to H3347 cells
      and did not enhance the toxicity of EP on these cells in vitro. In addition, IF5
      AP did not localize to H3347 tumors in nude mice and did not demonstrate enhanced
      antitumor activity in combination with the prodrug.

PMID- 3387441
TI  - Biological activity of human-mouse IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4 chimeric monoclonal
      antibodies with antitumor specificity.
AB  - Chimeric antibodies were constructed in which the murine variable region of anti
      colorectal cancer monoclonal antibody CO17-1A was joined with human gamma 1,
      gamma 2, gamma 3, and gamma 4 constant regions. Human-mouse chimeric proteins
      were compared with the parental murine IgG2a antibody CO17-1A for their ability
      to participate in tumor-cell destruction by human and murine effector cells in
      antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) assays. All of the chimeric
      antibodies showed different degrees of ADCC with human lymphocytes, monocytes,
      and granulocytes and with murine macrophages. Monocytes and macrophages were able
      to utilize the chimeric IgG1 and, to a lesser degree, IgG4 and IgG3 antibodies to
      lyse tumor-cell targets in ADCC assays. The chimeric IgG1 and IgG4 antibodies
      were nearly as effective as the parental CO17-1A antibody in inhibiting tumor
      growth in nude mice. These data indicate that chimeric IgG1 antibody is superior
      in its antitumor activity.

PMID- 3387442
TI  - Regulation of protein kinase C by extracellular calcium in bovine parathyroid
      cells.
AB  - Regulation of protein kinase C in the parathyroid gland was investigated by
      testing the effects of phorbol ester, exogenous phospholipase C, and low and high
      calcium concentrations on enzyme activity. Treatment of bovine parathyroid cells
      with phorbol ester, which activates protein kinase C directly, and with
      phospholipase C, which produces diacylglycerol, an activator of protein kinase C,
      significantly stimulated protein kinase C activity. Both agents also enhanced the
      release of parathyroid hormone. Acute exposure of bovine parathyroid cells to low
      extracellular calcium (0.5 mM) caused a 5- to 6-fold increase in protein kinase C
      activity associated with the particulate fraction. In contrast, high
      extracellular calcium (1.75 mM and 2.5 mM) markedly decreased membrane protein
      kinase C activity. These data suggest that the effects of extracellular calcium
      on parathyroid hormone secretion are due, at least in part, to regulation of
      protein kinase C activity in the parathyroid-cell membrane.

PMID- 3387443
TI  - Circulating complexes containing IgA and fibronectin in patients with primary IgA
      nephropathy.
AB  - IgA antibodies from patients with primary IgA nephropathy bind to collagens I,
      II, and IV. Here we show that this binding is mediated by the collagen-binding
      site of fibronectin, which occurs in the circulation in complex with IgA. No
      antibodies binding directly to collagen were identified. The complexes were
      isolated by affinity chromatography on gelatin-Sepharose and heparin-Sepharose,
      both with affinity for fibronectin, followed by adsorption to anti-human IgA
      immobilized on agarose gel. The presence of fibronectin and IgA antibodies in the
      isolated complexes is shown by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, gel
      electrophoresis, and electrophoretic transfer followed by immunostaining. The
      presence of an IgA-fibronectin complex in serum and the binding of this complex
      to collagen demonstrate the necessity of removing fibronectin from serum prior to
      identifying anti-collagen antibodies.

PMID- 3387444
TI  - Increase in albumin, IgG, and IgM blood-nerve barrier indices in human diabetic
      neuropathy.
AB  - The albumin (Alb), IgG, and IgM concentrations in the endoneurium of fascicular
      sural nerve biopsy samples were evaluated in controls (n = 9 or 10), diabetic
      patients without neuropathy (n = 6), and diabetic patients with polyneuropathy (n
      = 17 or 18). These values were significantly increased in diabetic patients with
      and without neuropathy when expressed both per endoneurial dry weight or
      endoneurial total protein compared to biopsy samples from healthy controls. When
      these concentrations, expressed per endoneurial total protein, were related to
      plasma concentrations similarly expressed, the resulting blood-nerve barrier
      (BNB) indices were significantly increased for Alb (6.1 times; P less than
      0.00001), IgG (4.9 times; P = 0.00037), and IgM (2.7 times; P = 0.015). The
      diabetic patients without neuropathy (defined as having an index of pathology of
      greater than 0.65; a measure of the severity of the pathological abnormality
      based on morphological criteria) also had significant increases in two of these
      BNB indices that were intermediate between the diabetic neuropathy patients and
      controls (Alb, 3.9 times controls; P = 0.00002: IgG, 4.6 times controls; P =
      0.00016: IgM, 1.8 times controls; not significant). No correlations were observed
      between the endoneurial concentrations of these plasma proteins or the BNB
      indices and the index of pathology, suggesting that these increases in
      endoneurial plasma proteins precede the pathologic alterations. The increased
      values for the diabetics in the absence of pathological abnormalities may prove
      useful in predicting neuropathic complications. The ratio of the IgG-BNB index to
      the Alb-BNB index was decreased 19%, and the ratio of the IgM-BNB index to the
      Alb-BNB index was decreased 56% in diabetic neuropathy patients compared to
      controls. Although the IgG and IgM concentrations are increased in the diabetic
      endoneurium, the Alb increase is greater and a mechanism other than size
      indiscriminate extravasation of plasma proteins, therefore, is suggested.
      Morphometric assessment of the endoneurial compartments, which would be expected
      to contain these plasma proteins, suggests that they are not altered in diabetic
      neuropathy; hence, it is hypothesized that the observed increase in endoneurial
      concentration of these plasma proteins results from altered transport through the
      endothelial or perineurial barrier, which supports an underlying vascular
      mechanism in the development of diabetic polyneuropathy.

PMID- 3387445
TI  - Recombinant human insulin-like growth factor I stimulates growth and has distinct
      effects on organ size in hypophysectomized rats.
AB  - Recombinant human insulin-like growth factor I (rhIGF-I) was infused
      subcutaneously into hypophysectomized rats for as long as 18 days. Three hundred
      micrograms (39 nmol) of rhIGF-I per day and 200 milliunits (4.5 nmol) of human
      growth hormone (hGH) per day increased body weight, tibial epiphyseal width,
      longitudinal bone growth, and trabecular bone formation similarly. Weight gains
      of the kidneys and spleen, however, were greater with rhIGF-I than with hGH,
      whereas the weight of the epididymal fat pads was reduced with rhIGF-I. The
      weight of the thymus was increased by rhIGF-I treatment. Thus, IGF-I administered
      over a prolonged period of time mimics GH effects in hypophysectomized rats.
      Quantitative differences between rhIGF-I and hGH treatment with respect to organ
      weights may be related to different forms of circulating IGF-I or may be due to
      independent effects of GH and IGF-I. The results support the somatomedin
      hypothesis, but they also stress the role of GH as a modulator of IGF-I action.

PMID- 3387446
TI  - Transmission studies from blood of Alzheimer disease patients and healthy
      relatives.
AB  - The etiology of Alzheimer disease (AD) is unknown. To investigate the
      transmissibility of AD, the buffy coat of the blood from 11 relatives of AD
      patients, including 2 with suspicious or early signs of AD, was inoculated
      intracerebrally into hamsters. In these pilot experiments, 5 individuals produced
      histologically documented spongiform encephalopathy on primary passage in
      recipient hamsters. Material from 3 of these positives was serially transmitted
      in a second passage. The histological alterations observed in the brains of
      positive hamsters were similar to those seen in experimental Creutzfeldt-Jakob
      disease (CJD). These transmission results raise the intriguing possibility that
      CJD-like agents may be involved in at least some forms of AD.

PMID- 3387447
TI  - Magnetic fields and orientation in homing pigeons: experiments of the late W. T.
      Keeton.
AB  - The late W. T. Keeton conducted 35 experiments examining the effects of bar
      magnets upon the navigation of experienced homing pigeons on overcast days. Six
      statistics summarize the consistency and accuracy of the birds' initial
      orientation and the speed and success of their subsequent homing. Magnets had no
      significant overall effect upon these measures.

PMID- 3387448
TI  - Retinal afferent arborization patterns, dendritic field orientations, and the
      segregation of function in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the monkey.
AB  - Optic tract fibers and cell bodies in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the
      monkey were studied intracellularly with micropipette electrodes containing the
      marker enzyme horseradish peroxidase. Single optic-tract fibers always projected
      to only one of the six geniculate layers. The majority of the axons innervating
      the four parvocellular laminae were red/green opponent color units; their
      terminations formed cylindrical columns that were perpendicular to the layers. In
      similar fashion, the geniculate cells in the parvocellular layers were mostly
      red/green units with narrow, bipolar dendritic fields oriented normal to the
      laminar borders. The majority of the retinal axons ending in parvocellular layers
      6 and 5 were on-center units; nearly all geniculate cells in these two laminae
      were also on-center neurons. In layers 4 and 3 most terminating optic-tract
      fibers, as well as the geniculate cells themselves, were off-center units. All
      axons projecting to the magnocellular layers were broad-band units with spherical
      terminal arborizations. The magnocellular geniculate neurons, which were also
      broad band, had extensive spherical dendritic fields that often crossed laminar
      borders. Thus, the terminal patterns of each class of retinogeniculate axon
      closely resembled the dendritic orientations of the functionally related
      geniculate target cells.

PMID- 3387449
TI  - cDNA cloning of human liver monoamine oxidase A and B: molecular basis of
      differences in enzymatic properties.
AB  - The monoamine oxidases play a vital role in the metabolism of biogenic amines in
      the central nervous system and in peripheral tissues. Using oligonucleotide
      probes derived from three sequenced peptide fragments, we have isolated cDNA
      clones that encode the A and B forms of monoamine oxidase and have determined the
      nucleotide sequences of these cDNAs. Comparison of the deduced amino acid
      sequences shows that the A and B forms have subunit molecular weights of 59,700
      and 58,800, respectively, and have 70% sequence identity. Both sequences contain
      the pentapeptide Ser-Gly-Gly-Cys-Tyr, in which the obligatory cofactor FAD is
      covalently bound to cysteine. Based on differences in primary amino acid
      sequences and RNA gel blot analysis of mRNAs, the A and B forms of monoamine
      oxidase appear to be derived from separate genes.

PMID- 3387450
TI  - The effect of age and smoking on vascular prostaglandin production in men and
      women.
AB  - 6-Keto-PGF1 alpha, PGF2 alpha and PGE2 production by homogenates of aorta was
      unaffected by age, sex or smoking habits. Homogenates of saphenous vein from
      women aged 51-60 years produced greater and smaller amounts of 6-keto- PGF1 alpha
      and PGF2 alpha, respectively, than from women aged 41-50 and 61-70 years. In the
      41-50 and 61-70 age groups, the amounts of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and PGF2 alpha
      produced by homogenates of saphenous vein were smaller and greater, respectively,
      in women than in men. Cigarette smoking had no effect on PG production by
      homogenates of female saphenous vein. 6-Keto-PGF1 alpha production by homogenates
      of male saphenous vein was 20% lower in smokers and ex-smokers than in non
      smokers, although this reduction was statistically significant only for ex
      smokers. The amounts of PGE2 and PGF2 alpha produced by homogenates of male
      saphenous vein were smaller in smokers and ex-smokers, respectively, than in non
      smokers. In spite of these changes in PG production by homogenates of saphenous
      vein, the basal outputs of PGs, particularly of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, from the
      saphenous vein were little affected by age, sex or smoking habits.

PMID- 3387451
TI  - Prostaglandin and thromboxane synthesis by tissue slices from human aortic
      aneurysms.
AB  - Sliced portions of the walls of human aortic aneurysms were incubated with
      extracts of human plasma and serum to determine the profile of prostanoid
      production. 6-Oxo-prostaglandin (PG) F1 alpha, PGE2, PGF2 alpha, and thromboxane
      (TX) B2 were measured by gas chromatography/electron capture mass spectrometry. 6
      Oxo-PGF1 alpha, the stable hydrolysis product of PGI2, was the major
      cyclooxygenase product but substantial amounts of TXB2 (the hydrolysis product of
      TXA2), with smaller amounts of PGE2 and PGF2 alpha were also synthesised. These
      prostanoids could contribute to the response of the vascular wall to injury,
      thereby influencing the disease process. Serum extracts stimulated PGI2 and TXA2
      synthesis, probably as a result of their Ca2+ content.

PMID- 3387453
TI  - Doping: a pharmacological problem.

PMID- 3387452
TI  - U46619 and carbocyclic thromboxane A2-induced increases in tracheal mucous gel
      layer thickness.
AB  - U46619 or carbocyclic thromboxane A2 (CTA2) administered intravenously (IV) to
      rats produced dose-related increases of tracheal mucous gel layer thickness.
      Significant gel thickening was observed at doses ranging from 3.5 pg to 35 ng and
      from 500 pg to 50 ng for U46619 and CTA2, respectively. Intravenous treatment
      with pinane thromboxane A2 (PTA2), a thromboxane antagonist, prior to injection
      of U46619 or CTA2 attenuated the mucous gel layer response. The effect of PTA2 on
      U46619 and CTA2 was dose-dependent over the dosage range of PTA2 tested (1.0-31.6
      micrograms/kg). PTA2 was equiactive against U46619 and CTA2 stimulated increases
      in gel thickness (ED50's 6.64 and 6.43 micrograms/kg respectively) suggesting a
      similar site of action for U46619 and CTA2. Slow reacting substance (SRS)
      injected IV into rats stimulated mucous gel layer thickening that was also
      inhibited by pretreatment with PTA2. These findings lend further support for the
      role of thromboxane in pathophysiologic conditions in which bronchorrhea
      contributes to the symptomatology.

PMID- 3387454
TI  - Plasma [met]enkephalin concentrations after endocrine and pharmacological
      modifications.
AB  - Plasma [met]enkephalin was evaluated in rats either after the ablation of
      endocrine organs or after pharmacological modulation of the catecholaminergic
      and/or indoleaminergic systems. Plasma concentrations of [met]enkephalin were
      greatly increased after adrenalectomy both in normal and hypophysectomized rats,
      while there were not significant differences between female and male rats or
      after gonadectomy or hypophysectomy alone. Moreover, [met]enkephalin plasma
      concentrations were significantly decreased in rats treated with drug affecting
      the serotoninergic system such as reserpine, 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine or
      parachlorophenylalanine, while depletion of the catecholaminergic system by alfa
      methyl-thyrosine did not affect the concentrations of the peptide.

PMID- 3387455
TI  - Effect of Momordica charantia Linn. pomous aqueous extract on cataractogenesis in
      murrin alloxan diabetics.
AB  - The fruit extract of Momordica charantia Linn. was studied in Charles Foster rats
      of both sexes in respect of its dose-response hypoglycemia and at maximal
      effective dose, its influence on the development of diabetic cataract. Alloxan
      (120 mg/kg s.c./rat, single dose) diabetic rats with greater than 150 mg% of
      blood sugar were classified into four groups (n = 10) wherein two were control
      and the rest were test groups). In the test group, the oral dose response
      hypoglycemic herbal effect was found to be maximum at 4 g/kg/Day/rat when
      administered for 20 days. This dose was continued in the 2nd test group for a
      period of 2 months. Blood sugar in all the rats was estimated by
      microdetermination method using a dextrometer before and after therapy. The
      control group of rats received 2 ml of 0.9% NaCl and they developed cataract in
      90 to 100 days. The herbal treated diabetics showed cataract in 140 to 180 days.
      Cataract formation was found to be dependant on blood sugar levels since the
      control group with blood sugar 307 +/- 81 (mg%) was blind 2 months earlier than
      herbal treated group which showed blood sugar 149 +/- 66.37 (mg%).

PMID- 3387456
TI  - Modulation of cell function. Italian Pharmacological Society, 1st inter-regional
      meeting. Naples, November 28, 1987. Abstracts.

PMID- 3387457
TI  - Carboxylic metabolites of tiadenol as "proximate" inducers of hepatic peroxisomal
      beta-oxidation activity.
AB  - Chronic exposure of rats to the hypolipidemic agent tiadenol causes a dramatic
      dose-dependent increase of peroxisomal beta-oxidation activity. To elucidate
      which metabolite of the drug is the "proximate" inducer (tiadenol is eliminated
      completely in metabolized form after acute administration) we investigated the
      qualitative and quantitative metabolic profile of the drug at different doses
      (50, 150, 300 mg/Kg in two-weeks chronically treated rats, in parallel to that of
      a model compound, tiadenol-disulfoxide, a weak inducer of palmitoyl-CoA oxidation
      activity. No changes in the biodisposition of tiadenol (and tiadenol-disulfoxide)
      were found following chronic treatment for all the doses tested. For both the
      compounds a strict correlation was evidenced between the extent of formation of
      carboxylic metabolites and their inductive potencies on peroxisomal beta
      oxidation activity. This indicates that tiadenol carboxylic metabolites act as
      the enzymatic effectors.

PMID- 3387458
TI  - Pharmacological nature of newer imidazoli(di)nes on rat anococcygeus muscle.
AB  - The Pharmacological nature of newer imidazoli(di)nes (clonidine analogs) on rat
      anococcygeus muscle (RA) was investigated. Clonidine analogs produced dose
      dependent (1 X 10(-3) to 1 X 10(-5) M) contractions on RA. The relative affinity
      (pD2) values were in the rank order of ST 375 greater than ST 567 greater than ST
      608 greater than CLO greater than ST 600 greater than ST 363 greater than
      noradrenaline (NA) greater than ST 91 greater than ST 93. The intrinsic activity
      (alpha E) values of ST 93, ST 91, ST 600 and clonidine were comparable to alpha E
      of NA while the other analogs showed lower values. The responses of the clonidine
      analogs and NA on RA were antagonised in the presence of phentolamine and
      prazosin but were unaffected by yohimbine. Propranolol, atropine, cyproheptidine,
      mepyramine and metiamide had no effect on the responses. Reserpine pretreatment
      did not inhibit the responses of clonidine analogs on RA. The data suggests that
      newer clonidine analogs exhibited differences for their receptor occupation and
      receptor activation. The excitatory effects of newer clonidine analogs on RA are
      mediated through the stimulation of postsynaptic alpha (alpha 1) adrenoceptors.

PMID- 3387459
TI  - Cerebral extract from morphine-tolerant rats shows antiopiate properties in
      guinea pig ileum bioassay.
AB  - The existence of an endogenous antiopiate system which counteracts endogenous
      opiate effects has been proposed. The present study set out to seek substance/s
      with morphine-antagonist activity in the brain and serum of morphine-tolerant
      rats. Cerebral extracts were partly purified on Sephadex G 25 and serum was
      ultrafiltered through membranes with pore diameter smaller than 0.005 micron. On
      the guinea pig ileum myenteric plexus longitudinal muscle a fraction of the
      cerebral extract and the serum ultrafiltrate in toto did increase electrically
      induced contractions, and antagonized the depressant effect of morphine. The
      serum ultrafiltrate also enhanced longitudinal smooth muscle tone. Preliminary
      findings suggest that levels of endogenous morphine-antagonist substance/s are
      higher in morphine-tolerant rats than in controls. Only cerebral extract, not
      serum ultrafiltrate, inhibited [3H]-naloxone binding to cerebral opiate
      receptors. In the guinea pig bioassay both the cerebral extract and serum
      ultrafiltrate antagonized, to some extent, the inhibition elicited by morphine,
      norepinephrine and adenosine. These observations support the existence of
      endogenous compound/s which may be functional antagonist/s of opiates and play a
      role in the development of tolerance and dependence.

PMID- 3387460
TI  - The ability of ethanol extract of propolis to stimulate plaque formation in
      immunized mouse spleen cells.
AB  - Ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP) is capable of increasing the number of plaque
      forming cells in spleen cell population of immunized male BALB/c mice,
      demonstrating their ability to produce antibodies. The single EEP dose exerting
      the maximal plaque formation (a three-fold increase over control) is 500
      micrograms/mouse. When this dose is repeated within 24 hours--the plaque
      producing effect is even stronger, but further increases in the propolis dose or
      in the number of its administrations, have an inhibitory effect on the formation
      of the plaques. The time interval between administration of the EEP and the
      immunization process should not exceed 48 hours.

PMID- 3387461
TI  - Antiprostatic effect associated with zinc depletion in cimetidine-treated rats.
AB  - The administration of large doses of cimetidine for 45 days to rats decreased the
      weight of the prostate and lowered the prostate levels of the zinc metal ion.
      Since the zinc ion is essential to the prostate growth and androgen action and
      since cimetidine lowers prostatic zinc content, the weight loss of the prostate
      observed in cimetidine treated animals can be reasonably attributed to the
      removal of zinc caused by cimetidine administration.

PMID- 3387462
TI  - Antidotal effects of deferrioxamine in experimental liver injury--role of lipid
      peroxidation.
AB  - Pretreatment with deferrioxamine (DFO, 125-500 mg/kg i.p.) protected male mice
      against CCl4- or CBrCl3-induced hepatotoxicity which is closely related to an
      inhibition of iron-dependent lipid peroxidation monitored by ethane exhalation.
      For allyl alcohol, 1,1-dichloroethylene, dimethylnitrosamine, thioacetamide,
      bromobenzene and paracetamol no hepatoprotection was achieved with DFO indicating
      that lipid peroxidation is not involved as a primary mechanism of toxicity. In
      the case of bromobenzene a marked in vivo lipid peroxidation was observed, which
      was unaffected by DFO and appears therefore to be iron-dependent.

PMID- 3387463
TI  - Reliability of the Modified Motor Assessment Scale and the Barthel Index.
AB  - Many physical therapists use descriptive and functional assessments of motor
      recovery for patients with stroke. The purpose of this study was to establish the
      reliability of two such assessments. The Modified Motor Assessment Scale (MMAS)
      assesses motor recovery; the Barthel Index assesses functional independence.
      Interrater and intrarater reliability were determined for the total scores and
      individual item ratings using videotaped MMAS and Barthel Index assessments of
      seven patients with stroke. Therapists viewed and rated the videotaped
      assessments on two occasions separated by one month. The intrarater reliability
      results were higher than the interrater reliability results for total scores, and
      both results were acceptable statistically. Interrater and intrarater reliability
      of the individual item ratings were also determined. The MMAS and Barthel Index
      are reliable assessments of motor recovery and function for patients with stroke.
      Physical therapists are encouraged to use the two scales to document changes in
      the motor recovery and functional independence of patients with stroke.

PMID- 3387464
TI  - Hand function in patients on maintenance hemodialysis.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to assess characteristics of hand function in 30
      subjects on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) with a forearm vascular access. Hand
      function was evaluated by measuring subjects' grip and pinch strength, range of
      motion, edema, and sensation and with the Grip Function Test and self-assessment
      scale. A difference in all hand function test results was found in the extremity
      with the vascular access compared with the contralateral extremity. Comparison of
      short-term subjects (on MHD less than two years) with long-term subjects (on MHD
      greater than two years) revealed significantly lower handgrip strength (p less
      than .05) and pinch strength (p less than .05) and significantly higher hand
      volume (edema) (p less than .05) in the long-term group than in the short-term
      group. We suggest that both the chronicity of renal failure and the presence of a
      vascular access may contribute to deterioration of hand function. The presence of
      hand deterioration in patients on MHD identifies a new patient population and a
      need for early baseline measurement and periodic assessment by physical
      therapists or hand therapists as renal rehabilitation team members.

PMID- 3387465
TI  - Reliability and validity of the Acute Care Index of Function for patients with
      neurologic impairment.
AB  - The Acute Care Index of Function (ACIF), developed to standardize the assessment
      of functional status in patients with acute neurologic deficits, was tested for
      interrater reliability and concurrent validity. Interrater reliability was tested
      on 91 patients in a five-week study. After a two-week training period, six
      physical therapists were paired so that each therapist was paired with each other
      therapist for one week. All patients were rated weekly with the ACIF by a pair of
      physical therapists. A total of 166 assessments were conducted. Concurrent
      validity was tested using descriptions of function of 10 hypothetical patients.
      Each patient description was assigned a score based on the ACIF. Ten experienced
      therapists were then asked to rank order the functional status of each patient
      based on the patient's description. The average of the physical therapists'
      rankings was correlated with the ranking determined with the ACIF scores.
      Reliability data were analyzed using Cohen's weighted Kappa. The weighted Kappa
      values ranged from .60 to .98. Validity data were analyzed with the Spearman rank
      order correlation coefficient (rs = .81, p less than .01). The results of this
      study indicate that the ACIF is reliable between raters and valid in its ability
      to rank order functional status for patients with acute neurologic deficits.

PMID- 3387467
TI  - Evaluation of biofeedback seat insert for improving active sitting posture in
      children with cerebral palsy. A clinical report.
AB  - Biofeedback devices have been used successfully to improve head control and
      symmetrical standing in children with cerebral palsy. This clinical report
      describes a biofeedback seat insert developed to improve erect sitting posture in
      children with cerebral palsy who have inadequate trunk control. The seat insert
      is easily placed against the back of any seating device. A momentary-contact
      pressure switch on the seat insert is activated when the child exerts pressure on
      it by extending his trunk. The pressure switch then activates a videocassette
      recorder or can be adapted to activate a television or radio. Five children with
      spastic cerebral palsy participated in this evaluation of the biofeedback seat
      insert. The results of this evaluation show that the children used the
      biofeedback seat insert effectively to actively improve their sitting posture by
      voluntarily extending their trunk against the pressure switch. The biofeedback
      seat insert offers physical therapists a valuable therapeutic training tool to
      encourage carry-over of improved sitting posture away from the clinical setting
      for children with cerebral palsy.

PMID- 3387466
TI  - Development of an Acute Care Index of Functional status for patients with
      neurologic impairment.
AB  - The Acute Care Index of Function (ACIF) was developed to standardize the
      functional status assessment of patients with acute neurologic impairment. The
      ACIF was used to collect patient data for a six-month period. A scoring system
      was then developed for the ACIF using data from 75 randomly selected patients in
      three discharge categories: 1) home (n = 25), 2) nursing home (n = 25), and 3)
      rehabilitation center (n = 25). After a scoring system was established, the ACIF
      was examined to determine whether it met the design criteria. The average amount
      of time required to administer the ACIF was 12 minutes, demonstrating feasibility
      for use in acute care. Data from 28 patients with a cerebrovascular accident from
      the discharge categories of nursing home and rehabilitation center demonstrated
      that the ACIF was precise enough to detect functional status changes in patients
      with an acute neurologic impairment. Data from the original 75 patients were
      examined to determine the ability of the ACIF to separate patients by score into
      groups consistent with their discharge placement. A 1 x 3 analysis of variance
      and a Scheffe post hoc analysis demonstrated that the mean ACIF scores of
      patients in the three discharge categories were significantly different.

PMID- 3387468
TI  - Introduction to critical review of roentgenograms.
AB  - Review of available roentgenograms, or x-ray films, by the attending physical
      therapist may be helpful in precise evaluation of patient status or progress or
      for educational purposes. This article presents background information on
      radiology and a simple mnemonic device for use in critically viewing
      roentgenograms. Eight case studies are presented in a programmed-learning format.
      Physical therapists are encouraged to adapt the following information to their
      specific setting and to produce a teaching package suitable for students and new
      staff members.

PMID- 3387469
TI  - Adaptive device for increasing transfer mobility in a patient with multiple
      fractures. Suggestion from the field.

PMID- 3387470
TI  - Proprietary physical therapy service in entry-level physical therapy curricula.
AB  - The purposes of this study were to 1) assess the value of including an expanded
      business administration unit that would include proprietary practice issues in an
      entry-level physical therapy curriculum and 2) organize topics by priority that
      could be included in such a unit. Twenty-seven physical therapists (100%) in
      private practice in Montana responded to the questionnaire. Ninety-three percent
      of the respondents stated that such an expansion would be valuable in the entry
      level physical therapy curriculum. Topics of greatest priority were 1) Self
      analysis of Resources, 2) Reimbursement, and 3) Contracting Services and Referral
      Sources. Topics of least priority were 1) City and State Tax and Licensure
      Requirements, 2) Computers and Computer Programs, and 3) Insurance Planning.
      Further research and development are needed to formulate methods and objectives
      for such an expansion.

PMID- 3387471
TI  - The pineal complex, aggressive behavior and thermoregulation in curly-tailed
      lizards, Leiocephalus carinatus.
AB  - Male Leiocephalus carinatus exhibited five types of aggressive displays, two of
      which were used to quantify aggression in paired encounters. After the dominant
      and subordinate lizard were identified, the area over parietal eye/pineal gland
      of the latter was shielded. This resulted in the subordinate lizard selecting
      higher body temperatures, exhibiting more assertive displays toward the dominant
      lizard, and increasing its frequency of use of a heat source that was the limited
      resource, as defined in the test arena. All of these responses required 4-6 days
      to be expressed and were reversed when the shield was removed. The results
      suggest that the responses are hormonally-controlled, and possibly represent an
      interaction between the pineal complex and discrete brain nuclei and/or the
      thyroid gland.

PMID- 3387472
TI  - Effects of preweaning nutrition on weight gain during pregnancy in mice.
AB  - Previous work has shown that preweaning litter size affects the response of adult
      mice to dietary induced obesity, with animals reared in small litters showing
      increased hyperphagia and weight gain. The present work addressed whether a
      similar effect would be seen in the weight changes normally accompanying
      pregnancy and lactation. B6D2F2 mice were reared in small (4), medium (8) and
      large (12) litters. Adult females from each of these conditions were mated with
      males from medium litters and their body weight and food intake measured
      throughout pregnancy and lactation. Food intake increased during pregnancy and
      correlated with the dams' litter size, but the amounts consumed by all groups
      appeared similar. This was also true of maternal weight gain during pregnancy,
      pup weight and litter size. During lactation, the only differences were that
      animals which had been reared in large litters ate more food and weaned heavier
      pups than those in medium litters. These results differ from those previously
      obtained on dietary induced obesity, supporting different regulatory mechanisms
      in the two conditions.

PMID- 3387473
TI  - Effects of uterine position on rate of sexual development in female Mongolian
      gerbils.
AB  - Examination of the rate of sexual maturation of 79 female gerbils from 32
      Caesarean-delivered, foster-reared litters revealed that those females that, as
      fetuses, occupied uterine positions adjacent to one or two males (1M and 2M
      females) were less likely than those females occupying uterine positions not
      adjacent to males (0M females) to exhibit early vaginal opening. Our data further
      indicated that the uterine environment provided by late-maturing female gerbils
      biased their fetal daughters to themselves be late maturing to a greater extent
      than the daughters' uterine positions could explain. Daughters of late-maturing
      females in 1M and 2M uterine locations were more likely to be late-maturing than
      were daughters of early-maturing females in similar uterine locations. Because in
      female Mongolian gerbils age at vaginal opening is a powerful predictor of future
      reproductive strategy, the present results indicate that in female gerbils both
      prenatal maternal influence and uterine location are important determinants of
      future reproductive behaviors.

PMID- 3387474
TI  - Infanticide in rats: male strategy and female counter-strategy.
AB  - The present series of experiments addresses the question of whether mating
      governs infanticide in the male rat and, in addition, asks whether the female rat
      has available an effective counter-strategy to male infanticide. With regard to
      the first question, we found that mating provides a safeguard against the killing
      of own young. That is, mating induces a general inhibition of infanticide
      coincident with the birth of the male's young and a recrudescence of infanticide
      synchronized with their weaning. The particular gain realized in killing alien
      young depends on the age of young and consequently on whether the mother had
      reached postpartum estrus. We also found that the pregnant female has an
      effective strategy to counter male infanticide which she employs before the young
      are born. The data show that this counter-strategy involves the synthesis of a
      chemosignal of low volatility emitted during pregnancy. The possible role of the
      male's vomeronasal system in the reception of this chemosignal is discussed.

PMID- 3387475
TI  - Effects of thyroidectomy, parathyroidectomy and lithium on circadian wheelrunning
      in rats.
AB  - Circadian rhythms and levels of wheelrunning were studied in thyroidectomized,
      parathyroidectomized, thyro-parathyroidectomized, and sham-operated male rats.
      Animals were entrained to a 12:12 light:dark schedule, then exposed to constant
      dim red illumination, and then given a diet containing lithium. Under constant
      conditions, free-running circadian activity rhythms were shorter, and levels of
      activity were greater, in thyroidectomized and thyroparathyroidectomized animals.
      Lithium reversed these effects, lengthening free-running circadian periods in all
      groups, with a greater reduction of activity observed in animals with thyroids
      removed. Parathyroidectomy had no clear effects. Since lithium slowed circadian
      rhythms and reduced activity even in the absence of intact thyroid or parathyroid
      glands, these effects may have been due to the action of lithium at some other
      site. The same may be true of other thyroid suppressors reported to affect
      circadian rhythms. These findings may be relevant to the biological substrates of
      major affective disorders in humans, which have been associated with
      abnormalities of thyroid function, abnormally short circadian rhythms, abnormal
      activity levels, and responsiveness to lithium therapy.

PMID- 3387476
TI  - Effects of water deprivation on urine marking and aggression in male house mice.
AB  - This study assessed the effects of water deprivation on male mouse urine marking
      and aggressive behaviors and endurance. In Experiment 1, the size of marks and
      frequency of marking were examined in 3 groups given 3 different weights of
      potato/day as their source of water. Males receiving the least water, 1.5 g
      potato/day, marked at significantly lower rates than males receiving 3 g
      potato/day or 6 g potato/day (p less than 0.01). The size of urine marks of males
      was judged by a panel to be unaffected by water deprivation. In Experiment 2,
      water-deprived males were not as aggressive as normal males and when paired with
      them were almost always subordinated. Experiment 3 tested the hypothesis that
      water-deprived males lost fights simply because they were weaker than normal
      males. When water-deprived and normal males were tested to determine the maximum
      length of time they could swim, no differences were found (p greater than 0.05).
      We conclude that water deprivation can directly affect the urine marking and
      aggressive behaviors of male mice. Such changes may be of adaptive importance
      during times of drought.

PMID- 3387477
TI  - Preference differences for sucrose solutions in young and aged squirrel monkeys.
AB  - Licking patterns and molarity preferences, elicited by two sets of sucrose
      solutions (0.0 to 1.75 M and 1.0 to 3.0 M), were measured in six young and six
      aged squirrel monkeys. Sucrose preference thresholds were determined for each age
      group using sucrose concentrations from 0.025 to 0.1 M. Age was unrelated to
      sucrose preference thresholds. Consummatory activity of all monkeys increased
      monotonically as sucrose concentrations increased from 0.0 to 1.0 M. Aged, but
      not young, monkeys continued to increase consumption until sucrose concentrations
      exceeded 1.5 M. All monkeys increased consumption by increasing number of licks,
      number of licking bursts and total time spent licking. Unlike young monkeys, aged
      monkeys displayed high within animal variability of tongue contact times,
      exponentially decreasing rates of licking at high molarities, constant
      consumption efficiency decrements, and consistent negative correlations between
      tongue contact and following tongue off times.

PMID- 3387478
TI  - The role of the preputial glands in sexual attractivity of the female rat.
AB  - This study shows that olfactory cues contribute to attractivity of the female rat
      but that the preputial glands are a minor source of such olfactory stimuli. In
      the experiments described, a residential plus-maze was used. The amount of time
      resident male rats spent in the vicinity of an estrous female rat was used as a
      measure of female attractivity. In the first experiment it was shown that male
      rats were attracted to anaesthetized estrous female rats but that these females
      were less attractive than unanaesthetized estrous females. In the second
      experiment it was shown that after removal of the preputial glands females were
      still attractive for male rats. The results of the third experiment demonstrated
      that estrous preputialectomized female rats remained attractive for male rats
      when they were anesthetized. When the resident male rats could make a choice
      between an estrous preputialectomized female and an estrous control female there
      was a tendency for the latter to be preferred. It can be concluded that olfactory
      cues enhance the attractivity of an estrous female rat, but that it is not the
      only sensory modality used by the female to attract a (distant) male. The
      preputial glands are of minor importance as a source of olfactory signals.

PMID- 3387480
TI  - Prenatal stress alters maternal aggression in mice.
AB  - Prenatal stress (heat and restraint) reduced pregnancy-induced and elevated
      postpartum aggression in Rockland-Swiss (R-S) albino female mice. Though
      prenatally-stressed females were indistinguishable from control animals with
      respect to parental behavior during the virgin state, the former displayed
      slightly lower levels of nestbuilding during early pregnancy, and delivered
      slightly more male offspring at parturition. The young born to prenatally
      stressed females exhibited deficits in birth weights and body weight gain in
      contrast to pups delivered by control females. The anogenital distances of
      prenatally-stressed females were shorter than those of control females,
      suggesting that alterations in fetal testosterone exposure may be responsible for
      disruptions in behavior and reproduction.

PMID- 3387479
TI  - Retention of masculine sexual behavior following castration in male B6D2F1 mice.
AB  - The reduction of masculine sexual behavior following castration varies widely
      among genotypes. In contrast to the loss of sexual behavior by castrated males of
      other strains, males of the B6D2F1 genotype retain the ejaculatory reflex for
      many weeks after castration. The present study examined this retention
      phenomenon. Masculine sexual behaviors were measured before and after castration
      or sham operation in male C57BL/6J, DBA/2J, and B6D2F1 mice. Castrated C57BL/6J
      and DBA/2J males showed a rapid decline in copulatory behavior. In contrast, 30%
      of the B6D2F1 males continued to ejaculate 25 weeks after castration. Regardless
      of whether or not sexual behaviors were retained, levels of plasma testosterone
      and hypothalamic nuclear estrogen receptors were reduced by castration. These
      results suggest that the intra- and inter-strain differences in the retention of
      sexual behavior following castration are not due to differences in levels of
      steroid hormones. Further, some B6D2F1 males retain the ability to copulate in
      the absence of gonadal hormone levels required for the maintenance of sexual
      behavior in other genotypes.

PMID- 3387481
TI  - Hormonal restoration of masculine sexual behavior in long-term castrated B6D2F1
      mice.
AB  - In contrast to the facilitative effects reported for other rodents, testosterone
      treatment at the time of castration previously was reported to inhibit masculine
      sexual behavior in male B6D2F1 mice. Males of this genotype vary in their
      behavioral response to castration. Some castrates retain sexual behaviors for
      many weeks after surgery, whereas others do not. In the present study, we sought
      to determine the effects of exogenous steroid hormone treatment on castrated
      B6D2F1 mice that had ceased to show copulatory behavior. Testosterone propionate
      and estradiol benzoate restored copulatory behavior to precastration levels in
      B6D2F1 males that did not retain sexual behaviors after castration.

PMID- 3387482
TI  - Facilitation and antagonism of lidocaine-kindled seizures: the behavioral
      feature.
AB  - The role of the purinergic system in the genesis of lidocaine-kindled seizures
      has been studied. At the same time, in order to assess the behavioral changes in
      lidocaine-kindled rats, the animals were rated on an Albert and Richmond scale on
      the 7th, 14th and 21st day. Pretreatment with aminophylline (a blocker of
      adenosine receptors), in doses of 40 mg/kg, 30 minutes prior to lidocaine,
      potentiated seizure development and the manifestations of irritable-aggressive
      behavior in experimental animals. On the contrary, pretreatment with papaverine
      (a blocker of adenosine uptake) in doses of 40 mg/kg, also 30 minutes prior to
      lidocaine, was effective in preventing the appearance of lidocaine kindling
      phenomenon. These results demonstrated that purinergic modulation of synaptic
      transmission in the central nervous system in mammalia might play a significant
      role in the genesis of lidocaine-kindled seizures and behavioral changes.

PMID- 3387483
TI  - Free-access to a running wheel shortens the period of free-running rhythm in
      blinded rats.
AB  - The period of free-running rhythm was measured with two different devices,
      Automex and running wheel, in blinded female rats. The period was significantly
      shorter when measured with a running wheel than with an Automex. After transfer
      between the two devices, all 13 rats examined showed the same direction of change
      in the free-running period and that transfer from the Automex to running wheel
      shortened the period, while transfer from the running wheel to Automex elongated
      it, with the exception of two rats who did not show any significant change in the
      period even when they were transferred twice. These results indicate that free
      access to a running wheel shortens the free-running period in female blinded
      rats.

PMID- 3387484
TI  - Is immobility of rats in the forced swim test "behavioral despair"?
AB  - Rats were forced to swim in a cistern until sinking in order to examine the
      possible relationship between sinking and immobility which has been reported to
      reflect "behavioral despair" in the forced swim test. Rats were classified into
      sinking and non-sinking groups, according to the appearance of sinking behavior
      over a 2 hr test. The sinking rats showed significantly shorter immobility times
      during the first 15 min as compared to the non-sinking rats. Therefore, sinking
      behavior seems to be a sign of emotional behavior such as fear and/or anxiety
      accompanied by defecation. Discriminant analysis showed that the immobility time
      during the first 15 min was a prediction of sinking. These findings suggest that
      the rapidly induced immobility in this forced swim test reflects the possibility
      of floating behavior in connection with the emotional reaction.

PMID- 3387485
TI  - Effects of lateral and medial septal lesions on various activity and reactivity
      measures in rats.
AB  - Roles of the lateral and medial septum in the regulation of activity, reactivity
      and open field behavior in rats were examined in the present study. Effects of
      lateral, medial and combined lateral and medial septal lesions were studied,
      respectively. Our results indicate that lateral septal lesions significantly
      decreased locomotor activity and tended to decrease rearing response. While it
      also markedly increased movement time in the activity monitor, stereotyped
      behavior and tactile startle amplitude. The most significant findings with medial
      septal lesions were decreased activity, especially in the center area of an open
      field and decreased exploratory behavior in rats. For most behavioral measures,
      effects of combined lateral and medial septal lesions were similar to that of
      medial septal lesions alone except that it augmented startle response with a
      different response pattern compared to that of lateral septal lesions alone. The
      locomotion patterns of these animals also revealed some qualitative difference in
      their behavior. These results are further discussed in the scope of anatomical,
      neurochemical and pharmacological differentiations of the septum complex.

PMID- 3387486
TI  - Intravenous hypertonic saline injections and drinking in domestic fowls.
AB  - Fowls were given intravenous (IV) injections of hypertonic solutions of NaCl, and
      subsequent water intakes were recorded. All concentrations of hypertonic NaCl
      increased drinking in the 90 min after injection, compared with control
      treatments. Increments in drinking in this time agreed closely with calculated
      amounts required to restore normal osmolality. In further experiments, delaying
      access to water by periods of 60-360 min after injection failed to reduce
      drinking elicited by hypertonic NaCl. Injections of 2.0 M NaCl caused increases
      in plasma osmolality and sodium concentration which were maintained throughout
      360 min water deprivation, and caused prolonged reductions in hematocrit and
      plasma protein concentrations. These results demonstrate that cellular
      dehydration is a potent thirst stimulus in fowls, and imply that fowls do not
      reduce hyperosmolality by excretion of salt when water is unavailable.

PMID- 3387487
TI  - Acute effects of aspartic acid on ventilation of male and female rats.
AB  - The effects of aspartic acid (aa) on ventilation were evaluated in awake male and
      female rats prior to and 15, 30, and 45 minutes after saline, 100 mg/kg or 580
      mg/kg aa was injected subcutaneously. Subsequently, rats were exposed to hypoxic
      and hypercapnic gas challenges. In males, 100 mg/kg aa increased ventilation (VE)
      by increasing inspiratory flow rate (VT/TI), tidal volume (VT), and frequency of
      breathing (f) by 30 minutes, whereas in females VT was increased above saline
      levels only at 15 minutes. VE did not decrease over time. A dose of 580 mg/kg aa
      depressed ventilation in males for 2 hours by decreasing VT, VT/TI and f. In
      contrast, female rats exhibited a decreased ventilation only at 15 minutes which
      then began to return to saline levels by 45 minutes. Neither male nor female rats
      treated with either dose of aa showed a depressed response to hypoxia or
      hypercapnia. These data indicate that aa at two doses can affect the pattern of
      ventilation differently in male and female rats. One mechanism responsible for
      the differences noted between the two groups is the effect aspartic acid may have
      on testosterone production. An additional study comparing ventilatory responses
      of sham operated and castrated males to various doses of aa indicated that
      testosterone was not necessary to show the 'male' pattern of response.

PMID- 3387488
TI  - Lesions of the MPO or AV3V: influences on fluid intake.
AB  - Electrolytic lesions in the MPO of rats had no significant effects on ad lib food
      and water intake, but impaired the drinking response to 1 M NaCl. Large MPO
      lesions also produced a persistent increase in plasma osmolality. In Experiment
      2, we depleted neurons from the MPO of rats by iontophoretic application of the
      neurotoxin kainic acid (KA) which destroys nerve cell bodies without damage to
      fibers of passage. KA-induced neuron depletion in the MPO of rats significantly
      reduced the drinking response to 1.0 M saline, to 30% PG, and to 30 micrograms/kg
      isoproterenol. Ad lib water intake and drinking responses to food or water
      deprivation, to low concentrations (0.5 M) of hypertonic saline, to low
      concentrations (10% or 20%) of PG, and to systemic administration of 1.5 mg/kg
      angiotensin II were within the normal range. In Experiment 3, rats with
      electrolytic lesions that were strictly confined to the tissue immediately
      surrounding the wall of the anteroventral portion of the third ventricle (AV3V),
      without invading the MPO displayed normal ad lib food and water intake and plasma
      osmolality as well as drinking responses to water deprivation, hypertonic saline
      (0.5 or 1.0 M), angiotensin II (1.5 mg/kg) and isoproterenol (30 micrograms/kg).

PMID- 3387489
TI  - Central dopamine systems and gastric stress pathology in rats.
AB  - Acute treatments with haloperidol (1 mg/kg), clozapine (10 mg/kg) and
      metoclopramide (10 mg/kg) significantly facilitated cold-restraint-induced
      gastric ulcer formation in rats. In addition, haloperidol and clozapine also
      produced gastric mucosal erosions in non-stressed rats. Bilateral lesions of the
      ventral tegmental area (VTA) and substantia nigra also aggravated stress
      ulcerogenesis--VTA lesions also being effective in inducing gastric ulcers in non
      stressed rats. Long-term treatment with dopaminergic blockers showed variable
      effects. Clozapine potentiated the gastric stress pathology, whereas no
      significant facilitation was observed with haloperidol or metoclopramide. In
      addition, withdrawal from haloperidol did not influence the gastric ulcer
      formation when compared to controls. The role of central dopaminergic involvement
      in gastric stress pathology is discussed in light of the present results.

PMID- 3387490
TI  - Role of catecholamines in regulation by feeding of energy balance following
      chronic exercise in rats.
AB  - Two experiments examined the contribution of the two catecholamines--epinephrine
      (EPI) and norepinephrine (NE)--to the control of food intake and body weight gain
      in male rats during chronic exercise. Urinary excretion of both catecholamines
      rose significantly and was positively correlated to food intake inhibition (NE, n
      = 54, r = 0.394, p less than 0.01; EPI, n = 54, r = 0.428, p less than 0.01).
      Oral ingestion of the non-selective beta-adrenoceptor blocking drug, pindolol,
      abolished the food intake reduction induced by exercise. Furthermore, rats that
      were treated with pindolol gained weight at a higher rate than untreated rats.
      These findings are consistent with the idea that catecholamines contribute to
      post-exercise inhibition of food intake and reduction of body weight in male
      rats. However, the exact physiological mechanism of catecholamine-induced
      decrease in food intake remains to be elucidated.

PMID- 3387491
TI  - The role of medial and lateral hippocampal perforant path lesions and object
      distinctiveness in rats' reaction to novelty.
AB  - The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether damage to the medial
      (MPP) or lateral hippocampal perforant path (LPP) may differentially affect rats'
      ability to react to novelty or environmental change. Three different types of
      task were used based on various sets of stimuli; visual/tactile, olfactory, or
      visual only. The results showed that the lesions produced different responses to
      different novel stimuli. In contrast to control and MPP animals, LPP rats
      displayed excessive exploration of the test cage. The results are discussed in
      terms of impoverished cognitive structure following perforant path disruptions
      and functional differentiation between MPP and LPP.

PMID- 3387492
TI  - Weight cycling in female rats increases dietary fat selection and adiposity.
AB  - The effect of repeated food restriction-refeeding (weight cycling) on
      macronutrient selection and adiposity was investigated in female Sprague-Dawley
      rats. Rats were maintained on ad lib macronutrient self-selection and were put on
      one of two types of restriction. One group was reduced to 75% of their body
      weight on restricted amounts of chow and a second group was given ad lib chow
      during the concurrent period and were voluntarily hypophagic. During refeeding on
      macronutrient self-selection, animals previously restricted selected a higher
      percentage of dietary fat, had larger adipose depots and plasma insulin values,
      and had lower heart weights both expressed in grams and as a percentage of body
      weight than non-restricted groups. This suggests that both severe and moderate
      periods of restriction may have negative health consequences.

PMID- 3387493
TI  - A method for tracking the locomotion of an isolated microorganism in real time.
AB  - An inexpensive, real-time recording system ("bug-tracker") for tracking the
      movements of an isolated microorganism was assembled using a close-up video
      system, a video memory card, and a personal computer. An isolated organism moving
      in an almost two-dimensional plane is viewed by the close-up video camera, and a
      selected video frame is digitized by the video memory card into 256 x 256 pixels
      (picture points). The pixels of the ith frame are subtracted from those of the i
      lth frame to delete images other than that of the image of the moving organism.
      Windows with an optimized size are generated commonly in the ith and i-lth frame
      to reduce the number of pixels directly accessed by the computer, and the address
      of the pixel with the largest value inside the windows identifies the coordinates
      of the organism on the X and Y axes. By optimizing the size of a window for a
      given organism, the sampling for the X and Y coordinates can be made at times
      separated by approximately 0.2 to 2.0 seconds. Data are automatically filed on a
      floppy disk.

PMID- 3387494
TI  - Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 3387495
TI  - [Effect of hypnotic drugs on the desynchronization of sleep-wake rhythm].

PMID- 3387496
TI  - [Family therapy in forensic psychiatry].
AB  - Patients in forensic psychiatry and their relatives are both doubly stigmatized
      by the labels psychiatric disturbance and delinquency. In an expert-guided group
      for relatives of forensic patients at Karl-Bonhoeffer-Psychiatric Hospital Berlin
      choice of topic and frequency of attendance indicated enormous guilty feelings.
      Defense against these guilty feelings could only be kept up by great effort.
      Support of relatives in forensic psychiatry seems advisable also for the
      rehabilitation of the patients themselves and prevention of relapse.

PMID- 3387497
TI  - [Admission of psychiatric patients in accordance with Lower Saxony psychiatric
      legislation].
AB  - Our experience shows that independent of the place of residence those people are
      significantly more likely to be released from psychiatric hospital after a few
      days who had been referred by physicians with (at least as their medical
      activities seem to show) less experience in psychiatry than specialists in that
      discipline. The percentage of patients referred to a psychiatric hospital in
      accordance with lower saxony law and whose long-term hospitalisation appears
      warranted, differs between the individual groups of physicians and is
      additionally dependent on the place of residence. In fact, in the county of
      Hannover those physicians who were not engaged in psychiatry referred an even
      larger proportion of patients to psychiatric hospitals in 1982 than did the
      psychiatrists, whereas in the city of Hannover 60% of those patients referred to
      hospital by psychiatrists subsequently remained there longer as inmates than the
      patients of the other group. Summing up, we can at least suspect that in a
      considerably large number of cases compulsory referral was restored to--in
      correlation with the psychiatric experience of the physician and/or depending
      upon the situation--because none of the other legally provided measures appeared
      to be available, for example, the official sociopsychiatric counselling offices
      which are closed outside normal office hours and on weekends. Thus, competent
      help in cases of crisis is unavailable if the need arises during an odd time of
      the day or on a Saturday or Sunday, the only way out being referral to a
      psychiatric hospital.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3387498
TI  - [Biperiden abuse as a partial factor in polytoxicomania].
AB  - We found 16 patients (15%) taking the anticholinergic biperiden because of its
      psychotropic action, occasionally, rather frequently or regularly, among a
      subgroup of 120 drug-dependent patients (drugs of the barbiturate and amphetamin
      types) out of a studied total of 194 imprisoned male addicts. These biperiden
      abusers suffered without exception from polytoxicomania associated with drug
      dependence and alcoholism. Most prominent was drug dependence on drugs of the
      morphine type. We could not prove a case of an isolated "primary" abuse of
      biperiden. Direct medical prescription was a rather secondary factor in procuring
      this preparation, in contrast to analgesics, tranquilisers, barbiturates and
      clomethiazol. Increase of biperiden abuse is due, on the one hand, to a generally
      noticeable tendency to polytoxicomania, and on the other hand to a change in
      Federal German drug prescription rules effective 1 August 1986 according to which
      fenetylline hydrochloride, a sympathomimetic, is now subject to medical
      prescription. Other centrally acting anticholinergics were unknown among this
      group of patients and were not abused. The results are discussed on the basis of
      available literature.

PMID- 3387499
TI  - Plasma homovanillic acid levels and subtyping of schizophrenia.
AB  - Plasma levels of homovanillic acid (HVA), a major metabolite of dopamine, were
      measured in a group of 24 schizophrenic inpatients before and during 6 weeks of
      haloperidol (HAL) treatment. Steady-state plasma HAL levels were measured in
      parallel with plasma HVA. Differential plasma HVA responses to HAL treatment were
      found between good and poor outcome patients. The two groups did not differ
      significantly in plasma HAL levels. Two hypothetical subtypes of schizophrenia
      are proposed.

PMID- 3387500
TI  - Sensitization and tolerance to apomorphine in men: yawning, growth hormone,
      nausea, and hyperthermia.
AB  - This study investigated whether the indices of dopaminergic function, yawning and
      growth hormone release induced by apomorphine, as well as the drug-induced nausea
      and hyperthermia, show sensitization or tolerance to repeated injections. Five
      normal volunteers received 12 injections of apomorphine hydrochloride (0.75 mg/70
      kg) every 2 weeks. Yawning, as measured by the latency of onset and the time of
      peak activity, showed sensitization. The growth hormone response showed no
      change. Feelings of nausea and hyperthermia showed tolerance to repeated
      injections. These findings suggest that yawning may be a suitable index of
      dopaminergic function in studies of schizophrenia.

PMID- 3387501
TI  - Melatonin circadian rhythm in anorexia nervosa and obesity.
AB  - The mean 24-hour secretion and circadian rhythm of melatonin were studied in 12
      female subjects with anorexia nervosa (AN), 13 massively obese (OB) women, and 9
      normal weight healthy volunteers to investigate the relationship between type of
      feeding behavior and hormonal secretory pattern. Blood samples for melatonin were
      drawn every 4 hours from 0400 h to 2400 h and every 2 hours from 2400 h to 0400
      h. Mean 24-hour melatonin secretion was significantly higher in AN than in OB
      patients and controls. Melatonin circadian rhythms were disrupted in 8 of the 12
      AN patients and in 9 of the 13 OB subjects, with phase-advanced nocturnal rises,
      abnormal diurnal peaks, or no nocturnal rises. The population mean cosinor
      analysis validated the existence of a significant circadian rhythm of the hormone
      in AN but not in OB subjects. No significant correlation between mean 24-hour
      secretion or type of circadian alterations and degree of weight deficit or excess
      was observed. The circadian alterations of melatonin in AN and OB may be linked
      to impaired secretory tonus of noradrenalin in the central nervous system,
      possibly unrelated to feeding patterns.

PMID- 3387502
TI  - Ventricular-brain ratio and life course of illness in patients with affective
      disorder.
AB  - The relationship between ventricular-brain ratio (VBR) on computed tomography of
      the brain and life course of illness was assessed in 59 hospitalized patients
      with recurrent affective disorder. In contrast to the implications of some, but
      not all, prior studies. VBR was not positively related to episode frequency,
      severity, pattern, or chronicity. In fact, when analyzed by sex, in both males
      and females, VBR was inversely related to several measures of illness chronicity.

PMID- 3387503
TI  - Importance of adjusting for correlated concomitant variables in psychiatric
      research.
AB  - The potential importance of adjusting for correlated concomitant variables in
      psychiatric research to avoid possible erroneous or misleading results is
      demonstrated through examples of "suppression effects" and "spurious
      associations." Special reference is made to correlational studies and unbalanced
      factorial analysis of variance. Methods of adjusting for correlated covariates
      are noted, and the usefulness of multiple regression for this purpose in certain
      situations is shown. Simulated and real data examples are provided. Part I
      discusses these issues in relation to correlational studies, and also lays a
      general groundwork for understanding them in terms of simple path analysis
      models. Part 2 relates the problems of correlated covariates to factorial
      analysis of variance (ANOVA). As in Part I, "suppression effects" and "spurious
      associations" are discussed, this time as they result from confounded main
      effects and interaction effects in ANOVA. Confounding in this case is synonymous
      with cell sample size imbalances in the factorial cross-classification. A useful
      method for dealing with these problems without loss of information is discussed.
      This method involves viewing the ANOVA from a "general linear model" perspective
      and performing the analysis as a multiple regression.

PMID- 3387504
TI  - Attentional effects of caffeine in man: comparison with drugs acting upon
      performance.
AB  - The aim of this study was to observe if a method useful for measuring attentional
      effects could be applied in testing the differential effects of caffeine, the
      beta-stimulant salbutamol, and the beta-blocker propranolol. Caffeine (300 mg)
      was administered to a sample of 19 normal subjects compared to two samples of 40
      controls. Caffeine was found to increase attention and vigilance by augmenting
      the number of repetitions of responses to a verbal stimulus in a free word
      association test. This pattern was also seen with salbutamol and propranolol, but
      to a lesser degree.

PMID- 3387505
TI  - Computerized administration of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule.
AB  - The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Diagnostic Interview Schedule
      (DIS) is a highly structured interview designed to be administered by lay
      interviewers and to yield psychiatric diagnoses. While the DIS has been used
      widely in large research centers, its use has been limited due to its complexity
      and need for extensive training to administer. In the present study 100
      volunteers consisting of 80 psychiatric patients and 20 normal controls completed
      a self-administering computerized version of the DIS on two occasions. A
      standardized Computer Attitude Scale (CAS) was administered to each volunteer
      before the first and after the second computerized DIS (C-DIS). The C-DIS yielded
      acceptable test-retest reliability. Certain diagnoses were found to yield high
      test-retest reliability while reliability was lower for others. This general
      pattern was similar to the results of previous procedural validity studies.
      Patients found the C-DIS generally easy to use and operate, and after using the C
      DIS, felt that their level of expertise in using computers had improved.
      Generally, the results support the use of computerized administration of the DIS.

PMID- 3387506
TI  - Effects of verapamil administration on negative symptoms of chronic
      schizophrenia.

PMID- 3387507
TI  - Effects of psychophysical stress on surgical outcome.
AB  - The aim was to determine the effects of stress on immune status and surgical
      outcome in 24 healthy men undergoing hernia repair. Stressful life events over
      the prior 6 mo and social support was assessed at time of admission.
      Physiological response to a cold pressor test was measured the day before
      surgery. Lymphocyte blastogenesis and neutrophil chemotaxis were measured before
      and 3 and 30 days after surgery in patients and controls. Surgical outcomes were
      assessed by length of stay, narcotics used, and complications. Data were analyzed
      in 2 x 2 factorial designs for multivariate analysis of covariance where one
      factor was life stress and the other was response to the cold pressor. Age and
      social support were covaried in comparing immune responses before surgery. High
      responders to life stress had significantly less response to PHA, and high
      responders to cold pressor stress had lower PWM responses. With preoperative
      immune status covaried, high responders to cold pressor stress had significantly
      lower PWM response after surgery, indicating some T-B cell interaction defect and
      more narcotics and complications. Data suggest that high psychological and
      physiological stress responses before surgery (that is itself an additional
      psychophysiologic stressor) lead to poorer outcomes even in otherwise healthy men
      undergoing relatively simple elective surgical procedures.

PMID- 3387508
TI  - Hypnosis, placebo, and suggestion in the treatment of warts.
AB  - Two experiments assessed the effects of psychological variables on wart
      regression. In Experiment 1, subjects given hypnotic suggestion exhibited more
      wart regression than those given either a placebo treatment or no treatment. In
      Experiment 2, hypnotic and nonhypnotic subjects given the same suggestions were
      equally likely to exhibit wart regression and more likely to show this effect
      than no treatment controls. In both experiments, treated subjects who lost warts
      reported more vivid suggested imagery than treated subjects who did not lose
      warts. However, hypnotizability and attribute measures of imagery propensity were
      unrelated to wart loss. Subjects given the suggestion that they would lose warts
      on only one side of the body did not show evidence of a side-specific treatment
      effect.

PMID- 3387509
TI  - Circulating testosterone levels and aggression in adolescent males: a causal
      analysis.
AB  - Empirical analyses conducted within a causal-analytic framework (path analysis)
      on a sample of normal adolescent human males suggested that circulating levels of
      testosterone in the blood had a direct causal influence on provoked aggressive
      behavior (self-reports): A high level of testosterone led to an increased
      readiness to respond vigorously and assertively to provocations and threats.
      Testosterone also had an indirect and weaker affect on another aggression
      dimension: High levels of testosterone made the boys more impatient and
      irritable, which in turn increased their propensity to engage in aggressive
      destructive behavior. Two somewhat parallel dimensions of behavior, intermale and
      irritable aggression, have been identified in animal research to be under
      testosterone control.

PMID- 3387510
TI  - Examination stress decreases plasma level of luteinizing hormone in male
      students.
AB  - Plasma levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone were determined by
      radioimmunoassay in medical students just before (Exp. 1) and after (Exp. 2) an
      academic examination and corresponding control periods. Before the examination
      (Exp. 1), the males' LH values were lower than their control levels, but there
      was no such difference in the females. Testosterone levels were unaffected in
      both sexes. There was no correlation between the values of LH and testosterone.
      There was, however, a significant negative correlation in the males, and an
      almost significant negative correlation in the females, between the
      preexamination testosterone values and the examination scores achieved. After the
      examination (Exp. 2), again the LH values were lower than the control values in
      the males, but not in the females, and the testosterone values were unaffected in
      both sexes. There was a weak positive correlation between the postexamination LH
      and testosterone values in the males, but not in the females. The results are in
      line with earlier observations suggesting that psychological stress is associated
      with different hormonal effects in males and females.

PMID- 3387511
TI  - Pituitary-gonadal function during sleep in men with hypoactive sexual desire and
      in normal controls.
AB  - There is virtually no information on the psychobiology of hypoactive sexual
      desire (HSD) in men. This study compares pituitary and gonadal hormones and
      nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT) during sleep in 17 physically healthy men with
      HSD and 17 age-matched, nondysfunctional volunteers. There were six HSD men with
      problems of sexual arousal and 11 with secondary erectile impotence. The
      subjects, aged 27-55, were studied in a sleep laboratory for 4 nights with the
      last night devoted to sequential blood sampling every 20 min. The total group of
      HSD men had significantly lower plasma testosterone, measured hourly through the
      night, than controls, and there was a positive relation between testosterone and
      frequency of sexual behavior. There were no differences in free testosterone,
      prolactin, luteinizing hormone (LH), and estradiol between the HSD and control
      groups. The NPT parameters of HSD men with secondary impotence were consistently
      and significantly lower than the nondysfunctional men. These data are discussed
      with respect to the role of gonadal hormones in male sexual function, the
      significance of NPT as a window to central biologic events, and to possible
      heterogeneity of men with hypoactive sexual desire.

PMID- 3387512
TI  - Annual NCDEU meeting 1987. Abridged proceedings. New Clinical Drug Evaluation
      Unit. May 26-28, 1987, Key Biscayne, Florida.

PMID- 3387513
TI  - Nursing assessment using the BPRS: a structured interview.

PMID- 3387514
TI  - Anchoring the BPRS: an aid to improved reliability.

PMID- 3387515
TI  - The BPRS: psychometric developments.

PMID- 3387516
TI  - Discussion: recent developments in ascertainment and scaling of the BPRS.

PMID- 3387517
TI  - Naltrexone in infantile autism.

PMID- 3387518
TI  - Depression in children: concentration-dependent CNS toxicity of tricyclic
      antidepressants.

PMID- 3387519
TI  - Haloperidol plasma levels and clinical response: a therapeutic window
      relationship.

PMID- 3387521
TI  - An open-label pilot study of oral S-adenosyl-L-methionine in major depression:
      interim results.

PMID- 3387520
TI  - An integration of ethical and clinical considerations in the use of placebos.

PMID- 3387522
TI  - An open-label, dose-finding study of WY-45,030, a novel bicyclic antidepressant.

PMID- 3387523
TI  - An open-label, variable-dose study of WY-45,030 (venlafexine) in depressed
      outpatients.

PMID- 3387524
TI  - Undertreatment of major depression.

PMID- 3387525
TI  - A national health service and the public health.

PMID- 3387526
TI  - Child sexual abuse: inter-agency collaboration in diagnosis, investigation and
      management within South Glamorgan.

PMID- 3387527
TI  - Incidence of parasitic infestations in minority group travellers to and new
      immigrants arriving from the Third World countries.

PMID- 3387528
TI  - Physiotherapy in general practice: patterns of utilisation.

PMID- 3387529
TI  - The use of performance indicators for immunisation rates in general practice.

PMID- 3387531
TI  - Experience in the establishment and running of a clinic for artificial
      insemination by donor in the Scottish Highlands.

PMID- 3387530
TI  - Hospitalisation for childhood asthma in Hong Kong 1976-1985.

PMID- 3387533
TI  - Proud to care.

PMID- 3387532
TI  - Acquisition of mumps antibodies.

PMID- 3387534
TI  - [Studies on the accuracy of telecobalt irradiation of gynecologic tumors].

PMID- 3387535
TI  - [First experience with a line source in gynecologic after-loading therapy].

PMID- 3387536
TI  - [Dose-dependence of relative biological effectiveness of fast neutrons (E = 6
      MeV) from the stage of the mitotic cycle in human cells].

PMID- 3387537
TI  - [The Fowler model, a practical alternative between the Ellis formula and the
      Cohen model].

PMID- 3387538
TI  - [The urethra in boys. Normal radiologic anatomy and valve diagnosis].

PMID- 3387540
TI  - [The cervical spine of children in the x-ray and clinical picture].

PMID- 3387539
TI  - [A databank of radiologic symptoms--an aid in differentiating congenital systemic
      diseases of the bones].

PMID- 3387541
TI  - [Radiation protection in childhood. International recommendations on the question
      of radiation exposure in childhood and adolescence].

PMID- 3387542
TI  - [Radiation exposure in childhood and adolescence from x-ray diagnosis procedures-
      experience and inferences].

PMID- 3387543
TI  - [Estimation of organ doses during standardized x-ray examinations in childhood].

PMID- 3387544
TI  - The radiation burden during nuclear-medicine diagnostic in children in the Czech
      Socialist Republic.

PMID- 3387545
TI  - [Intracranial pressure criteria in CT as an indication for surgical drainage of
      pediatric hydrocephalus].

PMID- 3387547
TI  - [Significance of pediatric radiology today].

PMID- 3387546
TI  - [The place of CT in mucoviscidosis. A comparative study of conventional x-ray
      diagnosis and CT].

PMID- 3387548
TI  - [Prenatal diagnosis of duodenal stenosis--a case report].

PMID- 3387549
TI  - [Necrotizing enterocolitis. Diagnosis and therapy].

PMID- 3387550
TI  - [Efficiency of CT of children using the retroperitoneal organs as an example].

PMID- 3387551
TI  - [Computer-assisted image analysis of computed tomographic findings in the
      differential diagnosis of selected brain tumors].

PMID- 3387552
TI  - Diagnosis of prolapsed lumbar intervertebral disc with computed tomography.

PMID- 3387553
TI  - [Computed tomographic measurement of tibial torsion].

PMID- 3387554
TI  - [Experience with combined roentgen-video-pressure flow measurement in the
      diagnosis of urination disorders in childhood].

PMID- 3387555
TI  - [Purposes and principles of the x-ray diagnosis of important stomatological
      diseases in childhood].

PMID- 3387556
TI  - [A radiologic sign of achondroplasia].

PMID- 3387557
TI  - [Lymphography of bone defects of the leg].

PMID- 3387558
TI  - [Coated tracheobronchography using microcrystalline Visotrast acid--an animal
      experiment study].

PMID- 3387559
TI  - [The efficiency of film dosimeters in the national film dosimetric monitoring of
      radiation workers in x-ray diagnosis].

PMID- 3387560
TI  - [Application of gamma-fit in computed tomographic functional diagnosis. I:
      Mathematico-physical bases].

PMID- 3387561
TI  - [Application of gamma-fit in computed tomographic functional diagnosis. II:
      Dynamic CT of selected organs].

PMID- 3387562
TI  - [Complications of percutaneous transluminal embolization--experience with 475
      embolizations].

PMID- 3387563
TI  - [X-ray semeiotics of cicatricial stenoses of the larynx and upper segment of the
      trachea in children].

PMID- 3387564
TI  - [Comparative x-ray semeiotics of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and exogenous
      allergic alveolitis].

PMID- 3387565
TI  - [Endoscopic retrograde ileography--a practicable method in suspected Crohn
      disease--particularly in adolescents].

PMID- 3387566
TI  - [Feasibility of x-ray detection of gastroesophageal reflux and its sequelae].

PMID- 3387567
TI  - [Nuclear medical evaluation of the efficacy of prostatectomy in patients with
      prostatic sclerosis].

PMID- 3387568
TI  - [X-ray and nuclear medicine studies in the diagnosis of lesions of the
      osteoarticular system].

PMID- 3387569
TI  - [Compartment model for the determination of effective renal plasma flow using
      radionephrography].

PMID- 3387570
TI  - [Nuclear medicine procedures for studying the status of peripheral lymph flow].

PMID- 3387571
TI  - Measurement of large or irregular-shaped septal perforations by computed
      tomography.
AB  - When a custom-made prosthesis is used to close a large (greater than 3 cm) or
      irregular-shaped septal perforation, the size and shape are important factors
      that determine how well the prosthesis fits. Computed tomography with reformatted
      images helps determine the size and shape of these perforations.

PMID- 3387572
TI  - MRI of the upper abdomen using motion artifact suppression technique (MAST).
AB  - Magnetic resonance imaging of the upper abdomen has been hampered by motion
      artifacts that cause suboptimal image quality. A promising software solution to
      this problem, motion artifact suppression technique (MAST), is described. Using
      mathematically determined refocussing gradients, it has improved image clarity
      significantly. Unlike alternate techniques such as respiratory gating, there is
      no increase in scan time, and patient throughput is expedited.

PMID- 3387574
TI  - The standardized radiography curriculum: apples, oranges, kumquats.

PMID- 3387573
TI  - A new accessory for adult female voiding cystourethrograms.

PMID- 3387575
TI  - Us versus them.

PMID- 3387576
TI  - Job security: an exclusive commodity.

PMID- 3387577
TI  - The benefits of understanding the grieving process.

PMID- 3387578
TI  - AIDS.

PMID- 3387579
TI  - Standard setting in ARRT examinations--Part 1.

PMID- 3387580
TI  - How tax law changes affect your income.

PMID- 3387581
TI  - $7 million award: nurse fails to follow orders.

PMID- 3387582
TI  - How important is your personnel file? Case in point: Mueller v. Penobscot Valley
      Hosp. (538 A. 2d 294--ME. (1988)).

PMID- 3387583
TI  - The nurse--doctor's best friend or worst enemy? Case in point. Pendarvis v.
      Pennington (521 So. 2d 969--AL (1988)).

PMID- 3387584
TI  - Perspectives in Canadian neuro-psychopharmacology. Proceedings of the 10th annual
      meeting of the Canadian College of Neuro-psychopharmacology. Ottawa, May 19-23,
      1987.

PMID- 3387585
TI  - Cocaine self-administration appears to be mediated by dopamine uptake inhibition.
AB  - 1. While cocaine binds to several known sites in the brain, the binding site or
      receptor associated with its reinforcing or addictive properties has not been
      identified as such. 2. The identification of the pharmacologically relevant
      receptor(s) requires that an association exist between the potency of a variety
      of cocaine of cocaine-related drugs in animal models of substance and their
      potency at a binding site in the brain. 3. Our experiments indicate that the
      potencies of cocaine-like drugs in animal studies of drug self-administration are
      correlated with their potencies in inhibiting 3H-mazindol binding to dopamine
      transporters in the rat striatum. Cocaine binding to several other presynaptic
      and postsynaptic binding sites does not appear to be associated with the
      reinforcing effects of the drug. 4. Thus, the cocaine receptor related to
      substance abuse appears to be the binding site associated with inhibition of
      dopamine uptake on the dopaminergic nerve terminals.

PMID- 3387586
TI  - Oxazepam as a probe of hepatic metabolism in patients with Alzheimer's disease.
AB  - 1. Hepatic metabolism of oxazepam in Alzheimer's disease (AD) was assessed by
      measurement of urinary metabolites in a group of hospitalized patients with AD, a
      hospitalized schizophrenic control group and a normal community based group. 2. A
      subgroup of six AD patients showed marked elevations of the hydroxylated
      metabolite. The median excretion of conjugated oxazepam in the AD and
      schizophrenic patients was almost one third that in normal controls (p less than
      .005). 3. A relationship between decline in level of conjugated metabolite and
      increase in the mental confusion score on the London Psychiatric Rating Scale (r
      = -.5253, p less than .05) was found in the AD patients. 4. Changes in hepatic
      metabolism in AD may be relevant not only for drug metabolism and the development
      of side effects, but also for the pathogenesis of AD.

PMID- 3387587
TI  - Biological challenges in obsessive compulsive disorder.
AB  - 1. Obsessive compulsive disorder and affective disorder have been investigated by
      means of various biological challenges. 2. Total sleep deprivation and
      methylphenidate challenge were used to determine the effects on a group of
      subjects with obsessive compulsive disorder. 3. The findings of a lack of
      response to total sleep deprivation and methylphenidate in obsessive compulsive
      patients contrasts with the findings in affective disorder patients. 4. The
      findings are more consistent with those in studies of panic disorder. 5. The
      relationship of obsessive compulsive disorder to affective and anxiety disorder
      may be elucidated by further studies.

PMID- 3387588
TI  - Detection of enkephalin-like immunoreactive material in human saliva.
AB  - 1. A specific radioimmunoassay (RIA) was used to detect the presence of
      enkephalin-like activity in mixed saliva from healthy male and female human
      subjects, whose ages ranged from 20 to 30 and from 55 to 65 years. 2. Enkephalin
      like immunoreactivity was measured in saliva from all subjects. Within the limits
      posed by the immunoassay no significant differences in levels were evident among
      the various groups. 3. The results of this study provide the first demonstration
      of opioid-like substances in saliva. 4. As the collection of saliva involves non
      invasive techniques, this source may prove useful for monitoring enkephalin
      levels during various clinical procedures or experimental treatments.

PMID- 3387589
TI  - The spontaneously diabetic Wistar-BB rat manifests altered grooming and catalepsy
      responses: implications of impaired dopamine function.
AB  - 1. The purpose of this study was to investigate the hypothesis that the grooming
      and catalepsy behaviors, believed to be mediated predominantly by the D1 and D2
      dopamine receptor based mechanism(s), respectively, are altered in the
      Spontaneously Diabetic Wistar-BB Rat (SDR). 2. The insulin treated male SDR (5-6
      months diabetic) and a genetically matched Non-Diabetic (NDR) control group were
      monitored for pharmacologically-induced catalepsy as well as stress-induced
      grooming. 3. Results obtained indicated that the SDR manifested an increased
      sensitivity to i) the cataleptogenic effects of haloperidol (0.3-1.0 mg/kg; s.c.)
      and ii) to the grooming response elicited by a mild stressor (novel environment),
      when compared to the NDR group. However, under more stressful conditions, the NDR
      groomed as much as the SDR. The altered behavioral sensitivity of the SDR may be
      a consequence of impaired dopaminergic neurotransmission and the subsequent
      upregulation of D1 receptors.

PMID- 3387590
TI  - Effects of antidepressants on entrainment of circadian rhythms.
AB  - 1. Anti-depressant drugs alter the period of circadian rhythms under free running
      conditions. We have examined whether treatment with anti-depressants alters such
      rhythms under conditions of entrainment to a lighting cycle or following a phase
      advance of the lighting. 2. In the first experiment, following entrainment to a
      10L:14D lighting schedule, male Long Evans rats were injected daily for three
      weeks, with either saline, desipramine or clomipramine at a dose of 10 mg/kg.
      Under these conditions, the resting circadian patterns of serum corticosterone
      and melatonin were not affected. 3. In a second experiment, male Wistar rats,
      adapted to a 12L:12D lighting cycle, were implanted with transmitters, permitting
      continuous recording of temperature. Animals were given chow supplemented with
      clomipramine or desipramine so that plasma clomipramine levels were within the
      normal therapeutic range for humans and desipramine levels were at 4-6 times the
      therapeutic range. After three weeks of drug treatment, the mean 24 h pattern of
      temperature was decreased and phase advanced by 72 min in the desipramine group
      compared to clomipramine or controls. Following a 6 h phase advance in the
      lighting cycle, the three groups responded differently. The clomipramine group
      evidenced the most rapid advance in the acrophase, equivalent to 6.9 h, while the
      saline and desipramine treated groups re-entrained significantly more slowly. 4.
      Clomipramine, given to achieve clinically meaningful blood levels, does not alter
      the circadian temperature rhythm under constant conditions of alternating light
      and dark, but significantly accelerates the rate of re-entrainment to a 6 h phase
      advance of the lighting schedule.

PMID- 3387591
TI  - Stimulant effects of (+)-amphetamine are influenced by methodological variables.
AB  - 1. The locomotor effects of (+)-amphetamine were examined in two groups of rats
      placed in chambers of different sizes. 2. Prior to drug exposure, rats in large
      chambers were more active, as measured on a rating scale. 3. Under amphetamine,
      ratings discriminated the 2.5 mg/kg dose from both saline and 0.25 mg/kg without
      observed differences between the latter two. Scores recorded automatically in the
      large chambers showed enhanced horizontal activity with both doses, although they
      did not differ amongst themselves. 4. Methodological variables, including the
      size of apparatus and recording technique may influence observed effects of
      amphetamine, and suggest these variables be taken into account when studying drug
      effects.

PMID- 3387592
TI  - Sulfated cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK8) failed to modulate basal or dopamine
      stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in the rat striatum.
AB  - 1. In view of previously demonstrated modulatory effects of CCK8 on DA-sensitive
      adenylate cyclase activity in the nucleus accumbens, we examined the effects of
      this neuropeptide in the striatum. 2. Adenylate cyclase activity was measured by
      conversion of alpha-[32P]ATP into [32P]cAMP. 3. CCK8, when added to the adenylate
      cyclase assay in concentrations up to 100 microM, failed to significantly alter,
      either positively or negatively, basal or DA-stimulated (30 or 100 microM)
      adenylate cyclase activity. Similar results were obtained in the presence of
      various peptidase inhibitors. 4. Under the assay conditions employed in these
      experiments, it would appear that there is no effect of CCK8 on DA-sensitive
      adenylate cyclase in the striatum.

PMID- 3387593
TI  - [IgE levels in various skin dis].

PMID- 3387594
TI  - [Inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal naevus (Ilven)].

PMID- 3387595
TI  - [A case of Zoon's balanoposthitis plasmacellularis in a young man].

PMID- 3387596
TI  - [Incidence of syphilis among drug addicts].

PMID- 3387597
TI  - [Microbiological studies for detection of gonorrhea, Chlamydia infection,
      Trichomonas vaginitis and candidiasis in drug addicts. Preliminary report].

PMID- 3387598
TI  - [Prevention of bacterial contamination of Chlamydia trachomatis cultures using
      McCoy's cells].

PMID- 3387599
TI  - [Erythropoietic protoporphyria].

PMID- 3387600
TI  - An improved method for 14C-labelling of farnesylacetic acid and its geranyl
      ester.
AB  - Farnesylacetic acid was efficiently labelled with 14C at the 5-position and
      gefarnate, a potent ulcer inhibitor, was prepared from it in radioactive form for
      use in metabolic studies. Condensation of [carbonyl-14C]acetyl chloride (5) with
      t-butyl 2-ethoxymagnesiomalonate (6) followed by acid-catalyzed deprotection and
      decarboxylation gave ethyl 3-oxo[3-14C]butanoate (8). Alkylation of the keto
      ester (8) with geranyl bromide (9) afforded the unsaturated keto ester (10),
      which was hydrolyzed and decarboxylated to give geranyl[2-14C]acetone (11).
      Grignard reaction of 11 with cyclopropylmagnesium bromide followed by treatment
      with hydrobromic acid yielded [4-14C]homofarnesyl bromide (13). Cyanation of 13
      with potassium cyanide and subsequent hydrolysis gave [5-14C]farnesylacetic acid
      (1) in 6.1% yield from barium [14C]carbonate (3). Chlorination of 1 followed by
      esterification with geraniol afforded [5-14C]gefarnate (2) in 88% yield.

PMID- 3387601
TI  - [Prospective study to assess the clinical efficacy of bone scintigraphy--some
      analyses of clinical data].
AB  - The value of preoperative bone scans in patients with primary breast and prostate
      cancer was evaluated prospectively. Of 414 patients with breast cancer, clinical
      stage I is 14, II is 219, IIIA is 59, IIIB is 39 and IV is 14. Of 88 patients
      with prostate cancer, clinical stage I is 14, II is 15, III is 18 and IV is 41.
      11 percent of patients with breast cancer and 54 percent of patients with
      prostate cancer had bone metastases. Clavicle, ribs, thoracic spine, lumbar spine
      and pelvis metastasized most frequently. The incidences of bone metastases were
      18.4% with Scirrhous carcinoma, 15.4% with Medullary tubular carcinoma and 3.8%
      with Papillotubular carcinoma. The methodology and results of ROC analysis were
      described in our other papers. Some results of data analysis were described in
      this paper.

PMID- 3387602
TI  - [Prospective study to assess the clinical efficacy of bone scintigraphy--ROC
      analysis].
AB  - The value of preoperative bone scans in patients with primaly breast and prostate
      cancer was evaluated prospectively. The methodology and some clinical results
      were described previously. The clinical efficacy of the bone scan was assessed by
      using ROC analysis and we obtained the following results. 1) Preoperative bone
      scan of carcinomas of the breast is effective for patients with clinical stage
      IIIA, IIIB and IV. It is not so effective for patients with clinical stage I and
      II, but there is no denying the importance of it, because it provides a base-line
      scan for comparison to subsequent scans obtained in the postoperative period. 2)
      Preoperative bone scan of prostate carcinomas is effective, especially for
      clavicle, the ribs and the cervical spine, when compared with bone X-ray. 3) Bone
      scan is effective means for patients who were diagnosed uncertainly to have bone
      metastasis.

PMID- 3387603
TI  - [A twin type heat flow microcalorimeter for radioactivity measurement].
AB  - A microcalorimeter is described which was developed and tested for measuring the
      activity of pure beta particle emitters. Two identically made calorimeter cells
      are used, each 46.5 mm i.d. and 54.0 mm deep and each fitted with thermomodules
      generating an emf of about 29 mV degrees C-1. The thermal energy from the cells
      flows into a surrounding mass of aluminium (15 kg) embedded in 30 mm thick
      styrofoam. The entire assembly is then immersed into an open thermostat bath
      controlled by electric heaters an arrangement which facilitates access for sample
      changing. The outputs of the modules (sensors) are connected in opposing
      polarities, the net output being amplified and this voltage signal is used to
      estimate the radioactivity in the samples. In order to demonstrate usefulness of
      this calorimeter, approximately 3.7 GBq(100 mCi) of tritiated water was measured.
      The result was compared with that of liquid scintilation counting method and
      found to be agreed within 5%.

PMID- 3387604
TI  - [An assembly program for a personal computer to receive data from a multi-channel
      pulse height analyzer via RS-232C].
AB  - A short assembly program for the PC-9801 series personal computer (NEC
      Corporation) has been written to receive and write the 4096 or less channel data
      from the S35 plus and S40 MCA (Canberra Industries Inc.) to a floppy disk. The
      operating system is the MS-DOS version 3.10. The data are transferred via RS
      232C, and the each byte of data is received by MS-DOS BIOS call. The source list
      of the program is shown, and the procedures to obtain the executable code from
      the source list and to use the data on disks in a N83 BASIC program are
      explained. By using the program, it takes about 22 s to transfer a whole of 4096
      channel data with the transfer rate of 9600 baud.

PMID- 3387606
TI  - [Online retrieval of patient information by asynchronous communication between a
      general purpose computer and a stand-alone personal computer].
AB  - Asynchronous communication was made between host (FACOM M-340) and personal
      computer (OLIBETTIE S-2250) to get patient's information required for RIA test
      registration. The retrieval system consists of a keyboard input of six numeric
      codes, patient's ID, and a real time reply containing six parameters for the
      patient. Their identified parameters are patient's name, sex, date of birth
      (include area), department, and out- or inpatient. Linking this program to RIA
      registration program for individual patient, then, operator can input name of RIA
      test requested. Our simple retrieval program made a useful data network between
      different types of host and stand-alone personal computers, and enabled us
      accurate and labor-saving registration for RIA test.

PMID- 3387605
TI  - [The measurements of parathyroid hormones in sera of elderly osteoporotic
      patients with serum high alkaline phosphatase activity].
AB  - This study was carried out to investigate effects of drugs treated in the elderly
      osteoporotic patients on measurements of carboxy terminal, mid-region and intact
      PTH, by using the various kinds of PTH kits. The drugs such as 1 alpha(OH)D3,
      calcitonin and so on, in the treatment of osteoporotic patients, was brought
      about no significant inter-relationships among carboxy terminal, mid-region and
      intact PTH in sera of the elderly osteoporotic patients with serum high alkaline
      phosphatase activity.

PMID- 3387607
TI  - [Recommendation on standardization of radionuclide imaging (the 2nd revision,
      1987) (2). Subcommittee for Standardization of Radionuclide Imaging, Medical and
      Pharmaceutical Committee: Japan Radioisotope Association].

PMID- 3387608
TI  - [Evaluation of expansive myelo-vertebral pathology using different radiologic
      modalities, magnetic resonance excluded].
AB  - The authors review their personal experience in tumors of the spine and the
      spinal cord, based on 30 cases evaluated with plain x-ray film of the spine,
      plain Computed Tomography (CT), myelography and myelo-CT. The value of both plain
      film of the spine and CT in tumoral lesions involving the skeleton is assessed;
      however, as far as nervous structures are concerned myelography and myelo-CT are
      necessary. Both myelography and myelo-CT showed high sensitivity (96%), thus
      allowing the definition of intra- extra-thecal extension of the tumor, and its
      relationships with the spinal cord and surrounding structures. Myelo-CT turned
      out to be extremely useful in myelographic stop: the upper extension of the
      lesion could be defined in 85% of cases. However, the contribution of myelography
      and myelo-CT was relatively limited when positive findings were present at CT.
      The evaluation of the density of the lesions proved to be of limited value since
      no significant differences could be recognized in different tumors. Finally, a
      diagnostic protocol is proposed for patients with spinal neurologic symptoms,
      based upon the clinical level of the lesion.

PMID- 3387609
TI  - [Digital radiology in the study of the lacrimal ducts].
AB  - The authors emphasize the usefulness of digital dacryocystography (DCG), as
      compared with various current techniques. Utilizing a radiographic unit equipped
      with a video-fluoroscopic system and interfaced to a digital video-processor,
      several digitalized images are acquired before, during and after the injection of
      contrast medium. Final images are obtained by subtraction of suitable pairs of
      source frames. Twenty-six patients affected by epiphora have been examined so
      far. In 21 cases digital subtraction DCG allowed an accurate visualization of the
      lacrimal system; in the other five patients the amount of information was
      acceptable. This methodology allows the assessment of both the normal anatomy of
      the lacrimal passages and their pathological patterns, such as obstructions,
      stenoses, fistulas, chronic dacryocystitis, lacrimal stones. The examination is
      easy and quick to perform, with no discomfort for the patient. Digital
      subtraction DCG proves thus to be a very valuable technique thanks to its
      possible electronic elaboration--i.e. the subtraction and the magnification of
      images--to its better contrast resolution, and to the possibility it yields of
      dynamic studies under radioscopic control.

PMID- 3387610
TI  - [Exogenous lipid pneumonia. Clinico-radiologic characteristics].
AB  - Exogenous lipid pneumonia (ELP) is caused by the aspiration of animal, vegetal
      or, more often, mineral oils. Even though it may also be acute, ELP is most
      frequently a chronic disease, affecting people with predisposing factors, such as
      neuromuscular disorders, structural abnormalities and so on; very often exogenous
      lipid pneumonia is found in tracheotomized patients. The pathology of lipid
      pneumonia is a chronic inflammatory process evolving in foreign-body-like
      reaction, and eventually in "end-stage lung" condition. Clinically, most patients
      are asymptomatic; few cases only present with cough, dyspnea and chest pain.
      Eight cases of ELP, studied over the past 3 years, are described in this paper.
      All the patients were examined by chest radiographs and standard tomograms; 3
      patients underwent CT. X-ray features were mono/bilateral consolidation of the
      lower zones, with air bronchogram and variable reduction in volume. CT density
      was not specific for fat tissue. In all cases the diagnosis was confirmed at
      biopsy. In 5 patients, followed for at least one year, clinical-radiological
      features showed no change. Thus, complications of ELP (especially malignant
      evolution) could be excluded. The authors conclude that lipid pneumonia must be
      considered in differential diagnosis of patients with history of usage of oils
      and compatible X-ray findings. The usefulness of an accurate follow-up is
      stressed.

PMID- 3387611
TI  - [MacLeod's syndrome. Observations on 6 cases].
AB  - Mac Leod's syndrome is a rarely diagnosed disease; that is why an accurate
      differential diagnosis is needed by means of radiological imaging. This paper is
      aimed at discussing the differential diagnosis, with a special emphasis on the
      pathogenesis of the syndrome. The phenomenon of air trapping in absence of
      central bronchial lesions is a typical radiographic finding. Chest X-ray is
      performed in both inspiration and expiration. Posterior oblique tomography at 55
      degrees of the affected side is also performed. Diffuse bronchiolitis obliterans
      in infancy or early childhood is a widely accepted pathogenetic pattern.
      Pulmonary hypoventilation causes vasoconstriction and underdevelopment of
      pulmonary vessels, that are reduced in caliber. Differential diagnosis includes
      all the diseases resulting in pulmonary hyperlucency, i.e. pulmonary and pleural
      alterations, and skeletal anomalies.

PMID- 3387612
TI  - [Quantitative study of mucociliary clearance using static scintigraphy].
AB  - Mucociliary clearance can be evaluated by radionuclide techniques, but such
      approaches have been usually implemented only in research-oriented laboratories
      because of technical difficulties. A very practical radionuclide method is here
      presented which requires only three static acquisitions after the inhalation of a
      polydisperse radioaerosol produced by a commercial generator. Data processing is
      also very simple. The diagnostic performance of the method was tested on a study
      population of 10 healthy subjects and 10 patients with atrophic bronchitis; a
      highly significant difference between normal and pathological patients was found.
      Its simple implementation and diagnostic yield recommend this radionuclide method
      for the routine assessment of mucociliary clearance also in busy clinical
      oriented laboratories.

PMID- 3387613
TI  - [Preoperative embolization of angiomas of the face. Remote angiographic results].
AB  - Preoperative embolization was performed on 27 patients with facial angiomas
      supplied by the external carotid branches. Sixteen were males and 11 females; 13
      of these angiomas were high-flow arteriovenous (A-V), 14 were low-flow capillary
      malformations. Fourteen patients underwent surgical removal after preoperative
      embolization; in this group embolization was carried out with Spongel in 3 cases
      and with Lyodura in 11 cases. In 12 of these patients the last angiographic
      examination was performed 3-6 years later: angiography evidenced no recurrence in
      8 cases (67%), while in 3 cases (25%) there was capillary residual angioma of
      negligible size. Treatment was unsuccessful in one patient only, due to the large
      recurrent A-V angioma. Thirteen patients underwent embolization only, which was
      carried out with Lyodura in 10 cases, and with Ivalon in 3 cases. On 12 of these
      patients the last angiographic study was performed 2-14 months later: there was
      recurrent A-V angioma in 5 patients (42%), who underwent a subsequent
      embolization; angiography evidenced no recurrence in the other 7 patients (58%).
      In both series, the best results were obtained in the patients with low-flow
      capillary angiomas. Embolization and subsequent surgical removal are the
      treatment of choice for facial angiomas; embolization alone is useful in the
      management of surgically inaccessible vascular malformations, and it can be the
      only treatment in patients with small low-flow angiomas when distal occlusion of
      the feeding vessels with Lyodura or Ivalon particles is performed.

PMID- 3387614
TI  - [Angiographic study of the complications of vascular access in patients under
      hemodialysis].
AB  - Periodic hemodialysis requires the vascular access to be capable of functioning
      perfectly for a long time; therefore early diagnosis of the most common
      complications is very important. Fifty-four patients in dialysis treatment for
      end-stage renal failure (ESRF) were examined over a six-year period for vascular
      access (VA) complications. Eighty vascular accesses were studied: 68
      arteriovenous fistulas and 12 arteriovenous grafts. The most frequent
      radiological investigation was phlebography, followed by arteriography by direct
      puncture of the humeral artery, and, in few cases only, by arteriography through
      femoral approach; the total number of radiographic examinations performed was
      101. The most frequent complications were thromboses (50%) and stenoses (21%);
      aneurysms, pseudoaneurysms and radial artery steals were observed in 11% of the
      cases. Findings prove complications to depend neither on the type of VA (fistula,
      prosthesis) nor on its site (proximal, distal). In 50% of the cases angiography
      allowed a therapy to be adopted for VA recovery. Percutaneous transluminal
      angioplasty (PTA), performed on 3 patients, failed. Thus, in the authors'
      opinion, angiography is the method of choice for the evaluation of VA pathology,
      and surgery is the most efficient treatment for complications. Despite failures,
      PTA represents a valid alternative in the treatment of stenoses in larger vessels
      and prostheses.

PMID- 3387615
TI  - [Role of magnetic resonance in the radiologic diagnosis of parotid pathology].
AB  - MRI findings in 13 patients with monolateral parotid tumor were compared with US,
      sialographic and CT findings. MRI did not allow an accurate diagnosis in 2
      patients with diffuse chronic parotitis. MRI was superior to CT in 1 case in
      defining the intraglandular site of the lesion, and in 2 patients in showing the
      extraglandular involvement. MRI proved to be superior to CT thanks to its
      contrast resolution and to multiplanar imaging. MRI high contrast resolution made
      it possible to demonstrate neoplastic lesions of 4 mm in diameter. The lesion has
      low signal intensity on T1-weighted images and high signal intensity on T2
      weighted. Parotid tumors cannot be characterized by signal intensity alone: only
      morphology allows to discriminate between benign and malignant lesions. To
      conclude, US is a screening method, while MRI is helpful in detecting multifocal
      lesions and in evaluating the tumor extent.

PMID- 3387616
TI  - [Radiologic diagnosis of anal fistulae with radio-opaque markers].
AB  - Fistulography classifies anal fistulas in low-below puborectalis muscle-, high
      above puborectalis muscle-, and middle. This classification increases the scope
      and accuracy of radical surgery. In order to improve the diagnostic reliability
      of anal fistulography the authors point out the importance of radio-opaque
      markers for anatomical definition of the anorectal region. Thirty patients (25
      males and 5 females; mean age: 47 years) were studied by anal fistulography using
      radiopaque markers: a Foley's 22 Fr catheter, with distal balloon filled of
      idrosoluble radiopaque contrast medium, was placed in the anal canal; a metal
      marker was fixed to the anus. In order to demonstrate the relationship between
      fistula and puborectalis muscle, we subdivided the anal canal in 3 equal
      segments: high, middle and low. The idrosoluble contrast medium for fistulography
      is injected through a pediatric Foley's catheter 8 Fr when external opening is
      large enough, and through a K7072 endovenous catheter when the opening is small.
      Fistulous tract was visible in all patients: internal fistulous opening in 23/90
      cases, and relationship of fistulous tract to puborectalis muscle in 25/30
      (83.3%). In demonstrating either secondary fistulous tracts or abscesses,
      fistulography with radiopaque markers was correct in 60% of cases; in 20% of
      patients some of the above-mentioned complications were demonstrated, and in the
      20% no complications at all were detected.

PMID- 3387617
TI  - [Metastatic involvement of the sella turcica and the hypothalamo-hypophyseal
      system in breast carcinoma].

PMID- 3387618
TI  - [Description of a case of intervertebral vacuum phenomenon].

PMID- 3387619
TI  - [Reabsorption of the mandible in systemic sclerosis].

PMID- 3387620
TI  - [X-ray computerized tomography of a case of extraskeletal chondrosarcoma of the
      neck].

PMID- 3387621
TI  - [Intracystic papillary carcinoma of the breast assessed preoperatively with
      magnetic resonance].

PMID- 3387622
TI  - [Peripheral pulmonary aneurysm of metastatic angiomyolipomatous localization].

PMID- 3387623
TI  - [Duplication of the vermiform appendix].

PMID- 3387624
TI  - [Treatment of acute hyperpotassemia with salbutamol in 2 patients].

PMID- 3387626
TI  - [Calcium blockers and malignant hyperthermia].

PMID- 3387625
TI  - [Unfortunate drug interaction in an asthmatic child].

PMID- 3387627
TI  - [Myths or realities in anesthesiology: postanesthetic depression syndrome].

PMID- 3387628
TI  - [Nocturnal paroxysmal hemoglobinuria].

PMID- 3387630
TI  - [Causes of death in anesthesia].

PMID- 3387629
TI  - [Severe hemorrhage of the cavum after nasal intubation].

PMID- 3387631
TI  - [Follow-up of patients admitted to our resuscitation unit over the period of a
      year].

PMID- 3387632
TI  - [Reliability of a new pulse oximeter: the Biox 3700].

PMID- 3387633
TI  - [Anesthesia in cardiac catheterization. Retrospective study of 410 cases].

PMID- 3387634
TI  - [Changes in blood cortisol after a dose of etomidate in patients subjected to
      surgery of the abdominal aorta].

PMID- 3387635
TI  - [Hypocalcemia and anesthetic problems: apropos of 3 cases].

PMID- 3387636
TI  - [Systolic sounds in hypertrophic myocardiopathy].

PMID- 3387637
TI  - [Do echocardiographic differences exist in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients
      with hypertrophic myocardiopathy?].

PMID- 3387639
TI  - [Hemodynamic evaluation of the Integral Bjork-Shiley prosthesis (monostrut) in
      aortic and mitral prostheses].

PMID- 3387638
TI  - [Echogram of the pulmonary valve in children with pulmonary hypertension].

PMID- 3387640
TI  - [Percutaneous valvuloplasty with balloon in stenotic valve bioprosthesis: initial
      results].

PMID- 3387641
TI  - [Effects of ARL 115 BS on parameters of left ventricular contractility in an
      experimental model of the acute stage of myocardial infarct].

PMID- 3387642
TI  - [Intracavitary metastasis of the right ventricle. Presentation of 2 cases
      diagnosed with bidimensional echocardiography].

PMID- 3387643
TI  - [Sternal reopening and deferred closure as a treatment of the postsurgical
      cardiac compression syndrome].

PMID- 3387644
TI  - [Alkaline phosphatase and its isoenzymes in liver disease. Its evaluation in
      serum and ascites].

PMID- 3387645
TI  - [Clinico-biological therapeutic effect of intramuscular ornithine-carbamyl
      transferase in chronic active hepatitis].

PMID- 3387646
TI  - [Evaluation of the renal function of cirrhosis patients under conditions of
      concentration and dilution].

PMID- 3387647
TI  - [Prognostic value of the histological type and presence of positive ganglia in
      the remote results of ampullar carcinomas treated by cephalic
      duodenopancreatectomy].

PMID- 3387648
TI  - [Occurrence, diagnosis and treatment of residual lithiasis: 485
      cholecystectomies].

PMID- 3387649
TI  - [The operated stomach and gastric cancer].

PMID- 3387650
TI  - [Surgery of gastric cancer in elderly patients].

PMID- 3387651
TI  - [Subphrenic abscess of Salmonella origin].

PMID- 3387652
TI  - [Hepatic polycystosis associated with a retroperitoneal cyst].

PMID- 3387653
TI  - [Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in adults].

PMID- 3387654
TI  - [Refractory sustained ventricular tachycardia. Electrocardiographic
      characterization and prognosis].

PMID- 3387655
TI  - [Clinical epidemiology of idiopathic proctocolitis. Etiologic implications].

PMID- 3387656
TI  - [Relapsing polychondritis: a case with anticartilage, anticardiolipin and
      anticentromere antibodies].

PMID- 3387657
TI  - Financial assistance from elderly retirement-age sons to their aging parents.

PMID- 3387659
TI  - Health as a reason or a rationalization for being retired?

PMID- 3387658
TI  - Age cohorts and personal health behavior in adulthood.

PMID- 3387660
TI  - Physical distance and social contact between elders and their adult children.

PMID- 3387661
TI  - A dyadic approach to predicting well-being in later life.

PMID- 3387662
TI  - Effects of age, sex and breed on antipyrine disposition in calves.
AB  - In domestic animals relatively little is known about the functions of hepatic
      microsomal enzymes and their role in biotransformation. In this study, antipyrine
      was used to assess microsomal oxidative function and particularly to determine
      the effect of age, sex and breed on drug metabolising enzymes. At birth, the
      elimination rate of antipyrine was very low as reflected by a half-life of 24
      hours. The first two months of life were characterised by a steady decrease of
      antipyrine half-life values of three to four hours being reached at six months.
      The decrease observed during early life was not identical in the two breeds used
      in this experiment. By six months the Friesian calves eliminated antipyrine twice
      as fast as the Blue White Belgian (BWB) breed: 2.1 +/- 0.3 hours and 4.9 +/- 0.3
      hours, respectively. The BWB breed is characterised by muscular hypertrophy and
      by a relative imbalance in muscle:body ratio. The apparent volume of distribution
      of antipyrine did not vary with age, sex and breed. No differences in antipyrine
      clearance were found between male and female calves.

PMID- 3387663
TI  - Effect of chronic experimental Trypanosoma congolense infection on the ovaries,
      pituitary, thyroid and adrenal glands in female goats.
AB  - Changes in the ovaries, pituitary, thyroid and adrenal glands in Small East
      African normally cycling female goats chronically infected with Trypanosoma
      congolense are described. Marked fibrosis of the ovaries, a decrease in the
      number of primordial and primary follicles and atresia of growing follicles at
      the tertiary stage resulting in lack of corpora lutea were observed. The
      pituitary glands revealed reduced degranulation of the basophils and slight
      hypertrophy of the acidophils. The thyroids were extensively degenerated and
      atrophied whereas the adrenal cortices were markedly hypertrophied in some
      regions and atrophied in others. It is concluded that chronic trypanosomiasis
      causes marked reproductive lesions in females comparable to those previously
      described in male animals.

PMID- 3387664
TI  - Factors affecting recovery of Dictyocaulus viviparus third stage larvae from
      herbage and growth of Pilobolus on dung pats.
AB  - Significantly greater Dictyocaulus viviparus stage three larval recoveries from
      herbage samples adjoining first stage larval infected dung pats with Pilobolus,
      and the effects of biotic and mechanical factors on dung pat integrity supported
      previous findings. Several meteorological factors including sunshine hours,
      relative humidity, rain total and wind speed showed significant correlations with
      growth of Pilobolus on dung surfaces. The influence of monitored variables on the
      recovery of third stage larvae from herbage and the growth of Pilobolus was
      modified by height of the sward surrounding the dung pat. Multiple regression
      analysis showed that 60 per cent of variation in D viviparus third stage larvae
      recovery from herbage was accounted for by known variables.

PMID- 3387665
TI  - Development of Trypanosoma congolense, T vivax and T brucei in the skin reaction
      induced in goats by infected Glossina morsitans centralis: a light and electron
      microscopical study.
AB  - The development and distribution of Trypanosoma congolense, T vivax and T brucei
      in the skin of goats was examined after the animals were bitten by infected
      Glossina morsitans centralis. Following the tsetse bite, the trypanosomes in the
      skin multiplied, reaching maximum numbers when the skin reaction (chancre) of the
      host attained its maximum size. In goats infected with T vivax and T brucei,
      trypanosomes were observed circulating in the blood before the peak of the
      chancre, while in T congolense-infected goats microscopically detectable
      parasites were found in blood only during the decline of the chancre. In contrast
      to T vivax, large numbers of T congolense and T brucei parasites were found in
      the skin following tsetse-transmitted infection. Ultrastructural differences were
      observed in T congolense and T brucei indicating an intracutaneous transformation
      from metacyclic to blood stream forms. T congolense forms in the skin reactions
      had a well developed secretory reticulum, small mitochondria and lacked large
      lipid inclusions compared to metacyclic and blood stream forms. The
      intracutaneous forms of T brucei had smaller mitochondria, the glycosomes were of
      more uniform size and the rough endoplasmic reticulum was less developed than in
      metacyclic or blood stream forms.

PMID- 3387666
TI  - Effect of unilateral weight-bearing on pelvic limb development in broiler fowls:
      vascular studies.
AB  - Fifteen broiler fowls which habitually adopted a unilateral weight bearing stance
      were studied. In the majority of fowls the left pelvic limb was weight bearing
      and the right limb showed severe angular deformity. Dyschondroplasia occurred
      most frequently in the load-bearing limb. In the load-bearing limb the majority
      of lesions were in the femur and proximal tibiotarsus. In the non-load-bearing
      limb lesions most frequently occurred in the bone extremities of the distal
      tibiotarsus and proximal tarsometatarsus. Occluded epiphyseal vascular canals
      occurred in conjunction with physeal thickening at some dyschondroplastic sites.
      The majority of dyschondroplastic lesions contained elongated penetrating
      epiphyseal vessels and vessels derived from the perichondrial ring. These vessels
      were associated with chondrocyte hypertrophy and matrix calcification, which was
      considered to lead to the repair of the lesions. There was minimal calcification
      of cartilage at the base of the dyschondroplastic lesions and the underlying
      metaphyseal vessels were blunt ending. This suggested that a band of abnormal
      physeal cartilage was acting as a barrier to penetration by the metaphyseal
      vessels and so preventing subsequent endochondral ossification.

PMID- 3387667
TI  - Electrolytes and free fatty acids in milk during mammary involution in the cow.
AB  - Measurements have been made of the concentrations of triglycerides, free fatty
      acids, sodium, chloride and potassium in milk samples obtained from cows during
      acute mammary involution and after parturition. Free fatty acid levels in milk
      increased more than 10-fold during involution. Their appearance did not
      immediately follow the cessation of milking but followed the increase in
      permeability of the mammary epithelium, evidenced by changes in the electrolyte
      content of the milk, that occurs after a delay of a few days. However, the
      concentration of free fatty acids did not remain high throughout the dry period
      but had declined to low levels before the change in permeability was reversed at
      the next parturition. It is concluded that the high level of free fatty acids in
      milk during mammary involution does not result from equilibration with an extra
      mammary pool, but most likely arises from breakdown of triglycerides remaining in
      the gland which may be accelerated in some manner by the increase of permeability
      of the mammary epithelium.

PMID- 3387668
TI  - Pilobolus species and rapid translation of Dictyocaulus viviparus from cattle
      faeces.
AB  - In a series of five laboratory experiments observations were made on the role of
      Pilobolus in the translation of infective lungworm larvae from faeces of cattle.
      The results indicated that a substantial proportion of the lungworm larvae
      present in the faeces may be translated from the faeces by this fungus within
      eight days at a temperature of 15 degrees C. No clear relationship was observed
      between the numbers of Pilobolus and the translation of lungworm larvae. Further
      a longitudinal study on the occurrence of Pilobolus on faecal pats of grazing
      calves showed that between the beginning of July and the middle of September peak
      emergence of sporangia generally occurred within one week and most sporangia
      emerged within three weeks. From faecal pats which had been deposited at the end
      of September and the middle of October emergence of sporangia was lower and
      mainly occurred after two to four weeks.

PMID- 3387669
TI  - Turkey slaughtering procedures: time to loss of brain responsiveness after
      exsanguination or cardiac arrest.
AB  - The effect of inducing a cardiac arrest or severing both carotid arteries on the
      spontaneous and visual evoked electrical activity in the brain were examined in
      anaesthetised turkeys. The time to loss of evoked activity was greater following
      the cardiac arrest. It was concluded that the potential humanitarian advantages
      of inducing a cardiac arrest at stunning are less pronounced in the turkey than
      for other poultry species.

PMID- 3387670
TI  - Antigenic differences between stocks of Cowdria ruminantium.
AB  - Stocks of Cowdria ruminantium from Senegal, Zambia and South Africa were compared
      in cross immunity tests in goats. The Senegal stock caused fatal heartwater in
      three of 10 goats immune to the South African reference stock Ball 3, and five
      others showed significant febrile reactions and recovered spontaneously. Four
      goats immune to the Senegal stock did not show any reaction on challenge with
      Ball 3. The stock from Zambia was fully cross-protective with Ball 3 in
      experiments with three goats, but these three goats, immune to the Zambia stock
      and to Ball 3, showed severe febrile responses upon further challenge with the
      Senegal stock. The Senegal stock was highly virulent for Dutch goats and there
      were exceptionally large numbers of rickettsiae in brain capillaries after death.
      This stock has been passaged eight times in mice, without causing disease; the
      presence of the organism in the mice was shown by subinoculating goats. The
      Senegalese stock of C ruminantium is the first stock outside South Africa against
      which the reference Ball 3 stock does not fully immunise.

PMID- 3387672
TI  - Haematological and immunological response of unrestrained cattle to Psoroptes
      ovis, the sheep scab mite.
AB  - Cows were infected twice with 600 and 500 nymphs and adults of a bovine strain of
      Psoroptes ovis with a nine-week interval. The haematological response and the non
      specific mitogen- and antigen-induced responsiveness of the peripheral blood
      lymphocytes of the animals was followed. Dermal reactivity to P ovis antigen
      injection was studied five weeks after reinfection. After the first infection
      with 600 mites none of the infected animals developed clinical psoroptic mange
      but a leucocytosis developed, contributed to primarily by an eosinophilia and by
      a slight lymphocytosis. Antigen-induced lymphocyte blastogenesis was used to
      measure the antigen-sensitive cell population in peripheral blood and this
      population showed a maximum increase 10 days after infection; however, antigen
      sensitive cells remained above normal levels until reinfection. Upon challenge
      infection with 500 mites the infected animals showed an immediate
      hypersensitivity type reaction with a marked pruritus, scratching and exudation.
      Thereafter the lesions healed rapidly and none of the animals developed clinical
      mange. This clinical reaction was accompanied by a secondary eosinophilia but no
      change was apparent in the other blood elements. A marked increase in the
      blastogenic response of the peripheral blood lymphocytes was also apparent and
      this peaked three weeks after challenge. Following the intradermal injection of P
      ovis antigen there was an immediate swelling of the injection site in all
      infected and control animals and skin thickness was maximal one hour after
      injection. Thereafter there was a clear distinction in dermal reactions between P
      ovis infected and control animals; after 48 hours reactions were not seen in the
      control animals while marked dermal reactions were still present in the P ovis
      infected group.

PMID- 3387671
TI  - A quantitative ultrastructural study of the extracellular matrix of the sheep
      incisor periodontium.
AB  - The ultrastructure of the matrix of the sheep central incisor periodontium was
      quantitatively analysed. Ewes with healthy mouths were selected. The distribution
      of collagen fibril diameters was bimodal in the lower dental pad with a
      population standard deviation significantly larger than the unimodal distribution
      of fibril diameters found in the periodontal ligament. The lower dental pad
      connective tissue also contained significantly more oxytalan fibres, some of
      which resembled mature elastin. These results are consistent with the view that
      the sheep central incisor is supported primarily by tension within the fibres of
      the lower dental pad.

PMID- 3387673
TI  - Plasma disposition and renal clearance of sulphadimidine and its metabolites in
      laying hens.
AB  - Plasma disposition of sulphadimidine (SDM) and its metabolites was studied in
      laying hens after 100 mg SDM kg-1 doses were administered as a single intravenous
      dose, a single oral dose and multiple oral doses once daily for five consecutive
      days. SDM was extensively metabolised by acetylation and hydroxylation. In
      plasma, the metabolite observed with the highest concentration was N4
      acetylsulphadimidine (N4-SDM) followed by hydroxymethylsulphadimidine (CH2OH) and
      5-hydroxysulphadimidine. Following intravenous administration a biphasic
      elimination (as seen for a capacity limited reaction) pattern for SDM and its
      metabolites was observed. Multiple (5x) SDM dosing revealed plasma SDM
      concentrations ranging between 7 and 108 micrograms ml-1; within 96 hours of
      termination of the multiple SDM dosing, the plasma SDM concentration was below
      0.01 micrograms ml-1. The renal clearances of N4-SDM and the hydroxy metabolites
      were approximately 10 times greater than that of SDM. The SDM mass balance
      (faecal/urinary recovery) showed a loss of 56 per cent after intravenous dosage
      and of 67 per cent after a single oral dosage; the hydroxy metabolites accounted
      for the highest percentage in faeces/urine. Thus additional metabolic pathways
      must exist in laying hens.

PMID- 3387674
TI  - Influence of the route of infection of Pasteurella anatipestifer on the clinical
      and immune responses of white Pekin ducks.
AB  - The clinical, pathological and immunological responses were compared in ducklings
      infected by the intramuscular, oral and intranasal routes with virulent
      Pasteurella anatipestifer. Intramuscular challenge resulted in clinical signs of
      infection and caused 100 per cent mortality within three days. No disease signs
      or death were observed in the orally challenged ducks. Whereas intranasal
      inoculation caused no deaths, signs of infection were observed in two of 12 birds
      four days later. In the orally challenged group, low concentrations of antibodies
      (0.17 log2 to 4.5 log2) were detected in the tracheal washes of five of nine
      birds examined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Humoral antibodies
      were detected in only one of these birds. In the intranasally infected group,
      serum antibody levels ranging in titre from 0.62 log2 to 6.2 log2 were found in
      four of nine birds examined over seven to 14 days following infection. Nine of
      the birds in this group were shown to have low concentrations of antibodies (0.50
      log2 to 6.33 log2) in the tracheal washings. The demonstration of antibodies in
      the tracheal washings, but not in the serum of nine birds examined, suggested
      that a local immune response had occurred. However, these studies have shown that
      antibodies present on the tracheal surface can also be derived from antibodies
      given intraperitoneally.

PMID- 3387675
TI  - Disposition of fenbendazole in the rabbit.
AB  - The disposition of fenbendazole was studied in rabbits following either oral or
      intravenous administration. The major metabolites appearing in plasma were
      fenbendazole sulphoxide (oxfendazole) and fenbendazole sulphone. Calculation of
      the total urinary and faecal elimination of the drug and of its known metabolites
      showed that only 40 per cent of the dose was recovered after oral dosing; 29.7
      per cent after an intravenous dose. The sulphoxide and sulphone were minor
      elimination products. The major excretory metabolite was p-hydroxyfenbendazole.

PMID- 3387676
TI  - Babesia bovis: studies of parameters influencing microvascular stasis of infected
      erythrocytes.
AB  - Bovine erythrocytes infected with Babesia bovis were analysed for parameter
      changes known to influence rigidity and deformability of erythrocytes. Marked
      increases in malonyldialdehyde were detected indicating that lipid peroxidation
      occurs during infection. Consequently, increases in membrane lipid,
      methaemoglobin and membrane-bound haemoglobin were detected. Conversely,
      decreases in the antioxidant vitamin E and decreases in sialic acid were also
      detected. The cumulative effect of these changes would be to increase erythrocyte
      rigidity and decrease deformability thus contributing to the microvascular stasis
      characteristic of acute B bovis infection.

PMID- 3387677
TI  - Flukicidal action of closantel against immature and mature Fasciola hepatica in
      experimentally infected rats and sheep.
AB  - The relative importance of peak level- and residual level-related flukicidal
      activity of closantel against immature and mature Fasciola hepatica was evaluated
      in a comparative efficacy trial using two animal species with a different plasma
      elimination pattern, that is, the rat and the sheep with an elimination half-life
      of less than one week and of two to three weeks, respectively. The rats were
      dosed orally with closantel at 20 mg kg-1 at two, four, six, eight and 10 weeks;
      the sheep at 10 mg kg-1 at eight, 10 and 12 weeks after artificial infection.
      Necropsy was performed either one week after treatment or 12 weeks after
      infection. Efficacy rates and the length of the recovered flukes were evaluated.
      It was demonstrated that the flukicidal effect of closantel is directly related
      to its peak plasma levels and less to its residual plasma concentrations. In the
      rat, a high efficacy (P less than 0.001) could be demonstrated against immature
      stages of four weeks or older. The two-week immature stages were less markedly
      affected. No significant differences in efficacy and size of the flukes were
      noted between the animals autopsied one week after treatment and those autopsied
      12 weeks after infection. In the sheep, the efficacy against six-week and eight
      week-old immature stages varied between 70.3 and 76.8 per cent and between 92.8
      and 96.5 per cent, respectively. As in the rats, no marked differences in
      efficacy were noted between the animals autopsied one week after treatment and
      those autopsied 12 weeks after infection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3387678
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of sodium amoxicillin in horses.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of sodium amoxicillin were investigated after intravenous
      and intramuscular administration of a single dose of 15 mg kg-1 body-weight to
      five horses. A rapid distribution phase was noted after intravenous
      administration (t1/2 alpha about 20 minutes). The t1/2 beta values obtained after
      the intravenous and the intramuscular administration were significantly different
      (P less than 0.05). The bioavailability obtained was about 67 per cent. Plasma
      protein binding, evaluated in vitro, showed that the percentage of bound fraction
      was 37 to 38 per cent. It was concluded that sodium amoxicillin administration at
      15 mg kg-1 four times a day should be effective in the treatment of several
      systemic infections in the horse.

PMID- 3387679
TI  - Biochemical properties and differentiation of coagulase-positive staphylococci
      from rooks and gulls.
AB  - Coagulase-positive staphylococci were found in the throats of 46 rooks (69 per
      cent) and 47 gulls (21 per cent) out of totals of 67 and 229 birds, respectively.
      Of 111 strains isolated from throat swabs 86 (77.5 per cent) were classified as
      Staphylococcus aureus and 25 strains (22.5 per cent) as Staphylococcus
      intermedius. Of the S aureus strains 82 per cent from rooks and 50 per cent from
      gulls were biotyped. Most of them were identified as biotypes D and B, only a few
      as biotype A, and none as biotype C. Moreover, among the 24 S intermedius strains
      (96 per cent) biotypes 1 and 2 could be differentiated according to the type of
      growth on crystal violet agar and their ability to produce acetoin and acid from
      maltose, mannitol and trehalose.

PMID- 3387680
TI  - Chromosomes of gaur cross domestic cattle hybrids.
AB  - The chromosomes of five gaur (Bos gaurus hubbacki) domestic cattle (B indicus
      cross B taurus) hybrids (three females, two males) were studied using the
      leucocyte culture method and centromeric (C) banding technique. All the hybrids
      had a diploid chromosome number of 2n = 58, made up of two submetacentric
      autosomes (different in size) and 54 acrocentric autosomes, most of which could
      be arranged in pairs in descending order of size. The sex (X) chromosomes in
      females were a pair of submetacentric chromosomes smaller than the submetacentric
      autosomes. The Y chromosome in males was a small submetacentric chromosome. The C
      banding patterns were useful in identifying the X and Y chromosomes and the
      inherited submetacentric autosomes from the gaur sire. Phenotypically, the
      hybrids resembled normal B indicus cross B taurus calves except for the presence
      of a distinct hump-like dorsal ridge containing the spinous processes of the
      third to 11th thoracic vertebrae, upright 'deer-like' ears and long lean legs.
      The potential of these hybrids as important genetic resources for meat production
      is stressed.

PMID- 3387681
TI  - Chlamydia psittaci: is tonsillar tissue the portal of entry in ovine enzootic
      abortion?
AB  - Ewes at 70 days of gestation were exposed by various routes to a culture of
      Chlamydia psittaci. Chlamydial infection of fetal tissues, generally accompanied
      by abortion, was observed only in four of six ewes inoculated via the tonsillar
      crypts and in five of seven ewes injected subcutaneously; most of these also
      developed antibodies to C psittaci. Seroconversion after normal lambing was also
      observed in most ewes inoculated orally or by stomach tube, despite failure to
      detect chlamydia in them.

PMID- 3387682
TI  - Effects of hypocalcaemia on abomasal motility.
AB  - Abomasal mechanical and myoelectric activity were measured in two adult Holstein
      cows. Hypocalcaemia was induced using a constant infusion of disodium EDTA and
      serum total and diffusible calcium concentrations were measured. Abomasal
      motility remained normal in the face of declining calcium concentrations until a
      threshold value was reached (1.2 +/- 0.2 mmol litre-1) below which all mechanical
      and electrical activity was absent. A similar threshold effect was observed when
      calcium concentrations were allowed to rise. These data do not support
      hypocalcaemia as being a clinically important cause of abomasal atony.

PMID- 3387683
TI  - Pharmacokinetic and histopathological investigations of isometamidium in cattle.
AB  - The absorption and distribution patterns of the trypanocidal drug isometamidium
      and its effect on tissues in cattle were characterised. After intramuscular
      administration of a prophylactic dose of 0.5 mg kg-1 bodyweight, the drug was
      rapidly detectable in serum at a mean maximum concentration of only 20 ng ml-1
      and declined to concentrations of lower than 10 ng ml-1 within two hours. High
      drug concentrations were maintained at the injection site and in the liver and
      kidney for at least six weeks. At the injection site, tissue damage was severe
      and extensive, whereas in the liver and kidney no histopathological lesions were
      seen.

PMID- 3387684
TI  - Detection of Clostridium perfringens beta toxin by enzyme-linked immunosorbent
      assay.
AB  - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of Clostridium
      perfringens beta toxin in intestinal contents has been developed by a
      modification of the method reported for epsilon toxin. Although the test results
      for beta and epsilon toxins cannot be directly compared, lower levels of beta
      toxin were generally demonstrated in the samples examined. The use of the ELISA
      for beta toxin in conjunction with that for epsilon toxin allows the differential
      diagnosis of C perfringens type B, C and D enterotoxaemias in the laboratory.

PMID- 3387685
TI  - Right-ventricular contractility in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a
      combined radionuclide and hemodynamic study.
AB  - The effect of pulmonary artery hypertension on right-ventricular performance in
      patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is unclear. Decreased
      values of right-ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) have been reported, but most
      patients with stable COPD are not in cardiac failure and have normal or even
      increased cardiac outputs. We therefore hypothesized that RVEF may be afterload
      dependent, and thus a poor parameter of cardiac function, and that right
      ventricular contractility may be normal even in COPD patients with pulmonary
      hypertension. We therefore studied 24 COPD patients using a combined hemodynamic
      and radionuclide approach. RVEF and thermodilution stroke volume index were
      measured simultaneously at rest in all 24 patients and also during bicycle
      ergometry in 9 patients. We then calculated end-diastolic and end-systolic volume
      indices and derived right-ventricular systolic pressure-volume relations in all
      and the slopes (E) of the pressure-volume line in 9 patients. RVEF was normal in
      COPD patients without pulmonary hypertension, but was reduced in those with
      pulmonary hypertension. A strong inverse linear relation between RVEF and mean
      pulmonary artery pressure (r = -0.73; p less than 0.001) and pulmonary vascular
      resistance (r = -0.69; p less than 0.001) could be demonstrated, indicating RVEF
      to be highly afterload dependent. Right-ventricular end-diastolic volume index
      was significantly higher in patients with pulmonary hypertension, indicating
      increased preload as the major mechanism to maintain adequate stroke volume in
      the face of an increased afterload. Right-ventricular end-systolic pressure
      volume relations, a good parameter to define right-ventricular contractility
      independent of systolic loading conditions, were not different between COPD
      patients with or without pulmonary hypertension, nor did the slopes of the
      pressure-volume lines in the 9 patients studied during exercise show any
      difference. From these data we conclude that (a) RVEF is a poor indicator of
      overall right-ventricular function; (b) right-ventricular contractility is well
      preserved in stable COPD patients; (c) the major mechanism of maintaining stroke
      volume in the face of increased right-ventricular afterload seems to be preload
      augmentation.

PMID- 3387686
TI  - Effects of dipyridamole on the hypoxemic pulmonary hypertension of patients with
      chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
AB  - Based on the hypothesis that blood platelets contribute to the pathogenesis of
      hypoxemic pulmonary hypertension in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary
      disease (COPD), the effect of a prolonged treatment with dipyridamole, a platelet
      inhibiting drug, on hypoxemic pulmonary hypertension was evaluated in a double
      blind cross-over study. Eight patients with COPD, pulmonary hypertension [mean
      systolic pressure 52.2 +/- (SD) 9.7 mm Hg; mean diastolic pressure 25.8 +/- (SD)
      6.8 mm Hg] and shortened platelet regeneration time [mean 5.2 +/- (SD) 1.2 days]
      received, in a cross-over random sequence, the following two 3-month treatments:
      (a) dipyridamole 100 mg and acetylcysteine 100 mg every 6 h; (b) acetylcysteine,
      100 mg every 6 h. Dipyridamole significantly prolonged the platelet regeneration
      time [mean 6.5 +/- (SD) 1.0 days; p less than 0.05]. There was no significant
      effect on diastolic pulmonary pressure. However, systolic pressure was
      significantly (p less than 0.05) lower after dipyridamole [46.8 +/- (SD) 16 mm
      Hg] than after placebo [56.1 +/- (SD) 14 mm Hg]. These results suggest that
      dipyridamole can slow the progression of hypoxemic pulmonary hypertension in
      patients with COPD.

PMID- 3387687
TI  - Intolerance to tartrazine in aspirin-induced asthma: results of a multicenter
      study.
AB  - One hundred and fifty-six German, Italian and Polish patients with confirmed
      aspirin-induced asthma underwent open oral challenges with increasing doses of
      tartrazine up to 25 mg. All positive challenges were repeated under double-blind
      conditions. Only 4 of 156 patients (all Polish) had positive reactions in a
      double-blind test, as evidenced by a fall in FEV1 greater than 25% from baseline
      and corresponding clinical symptoms. Sixty-five patients who tolerated 25 mg
      tartrazine well received 50-3,000 mg tartrazine and none showed adverse
      reactions. Thus, intolerance to tartrazine appears to be rare among Central
      European and South-European patients with aspirin-induced asthma, its frequency
      amounting to about 2.6%.

PMID- 3387688
TI  - Role of Na+ and Ca++ in guinea pig trachealis contraction induced by cooling.
AB  - The role of extracellular Na+ and Ca++ in cooling-induced contraction (CIC) was
      studied in guinea pig trachealis muscle. Tracheal preparations were tested in
      Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate (KRB) solution and then in either: (1) a low Na+ sucrose
      KRB, (2) KRB plus amiloride, a sodium channel blocker, or (3) KRB plus
      nifedipine, a calcium channel blocker. When the trachealis muscle was cooled from
      37 to 20 degrees C in KRB, the value of the isometric tension increased on
      average by 25% of the maximal tension induced by acetylcholine; however, when the
      tissue was tested in the low Na+ sucrose KRB or the KRB containing amiloride, CIC
      was totally prevented. In the presence of nifedipine the mean value of CIC was
      only 10% of the acetylcholine-induced contraction, which was also observed not to
      be affected by extracellular Na+ or Ca++; whereas the KCl-induced contraction was
      affected by Ca++ but not by Na+. The results suggest that rapid cooling of the
      smooth muscle cells causes an increase in sodium conductance and a decrease in
      the activity of the Na+-K+ pump, resulting in membrane depolarization. During
      depolarization a significant quantity of Ca++ enters the cell, contributing to
      the magnitude of CIC.

PMID- 3387689
TI  - Bambuterol: clinical effects of different doses of a long-acting bronchodilator
      prodrug.
AB  - Sixty-eight asthmatics participated in a dose-finding study on bambuterol, a
      terbutaline prodrug, administered once every evening. Bambuterol administrations
      of 0.185, 0.270 and 0.400 mg/kg gave effective and long-lasting bronchodilation,
      for at least 24 h, with the two higher doses probably close to the maximal effect
      of the drug. Bambuterol 0.400 mg/kg was associated with more adverse effects than
      bambuterol 0.185 mg/kg. The side effects were those expected in oral beta 2
      agonist treatment and mainly experienced by patients who had not been on oral
      beta 2-agonists before. The most favourable of the investigated doses was found
      to be 0.270 mg/kg. It can not be excluded, however, that a somewhat lower dose
      may still be as beneficial. This will be investigated in forthcoming studies.

PMID- 3387690
TI  - Therapeutic effect of bovine albumin in the experimental fat embolism syndrome.
AB  - The toxic effects of the free fatty acids (FFA) are responsible for the
      initiation and the clinical manifestations of the fat embolism syndrome (FES).
      Serum albumin binds to the FFA and by producing atoxic compounds it has a
      therapeutic effect on the syndrome. In this study we applied bovine albumin to 48
      Sprague-Dawley rats which were previously submitted to intravenous infusions of
      FFA solutions (oleic, palmitic, stearic). The histopathologic lesions observed in
      their lungs were compared to those of 50 control animals suffering from the FES.
      The administration of 0.5% bovine albumin solution intravenously and 0.2%
      intraperitoneally, especially when it was synchronous to the FFA infusion and not
      metachronous, resulted in substantial and statistically significant therapeutic
      effects.

PMID- 3387691
TI  - Standardization of different spirometers.
AB  - This study was designed to compare spirometers used for human testing and to
      determine whether the results obtained by different spirometers meeting the
      American Thoracic Society (ATS) requirements are interchangeable. Water-sealed
      spirometer (Harvard), dry bellow wedge spirometer (Vitalograph) and computerized
      pneumotachograph (Gould), all of them satisfying the ATS recommendations were
      compared. Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the first
      second (FEV1), forced expired flow between 25 and 75% of FVC (FEF 25-75%) and 100
      FEV1/FVC (FEV1%) were selected for comparative analysis. Measurements of these
      parameters were carried out on a total of 40 healthy volunteers of mixed
      nationalities. The Vitalograph values for FVC, FEV1 and FEV1% were significantly
      higher than those of the water-sealed spirometer (Harvard), but were closely
      similar to the values obtained by the Gould computerized pneumotachograph. Our
      results thus do not support the interchangeability of different spirometers and
      stress the importance of biological standardization of spirometers against each
      other.

PMID- 3387692
TI  - [Central core structure and respiratory muscle fatigue].

PMID- 3387693
TI  - [Lung vascular damage and hyperventilation].

PMID- 3387694
TI  - [Anaerobic threshold].

PMID- 3387695
TI  - [Load dependence and relevant factors of left ventricular peak filling velocity
      in healthy adults].

PMID- 3387696
TI  - [A simplified method for the screening of sleep apnea syndrome: using ambulatory
      monitoring of electrocardiogram and bilateral nasal air flow associated with
      percutaneous measurement of arterial blood oxygen saturation].

PMID- 3387697
TI  - [Simple, rapid and highly accurate estimation of urinary salt excretion using a
      digital salt meter].

PMID- 3387698
TI  - [A case of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia with abnormal Q waves in
      ECG].

PMID- 3387699
TI  - [Two children with ventricular tachycardia initiated by transesophageal atrial
      pacing].

PMID- 3387700
TI  - [Hemodynamic response to right atrial pacing in a patient with cor triatriatum-
      pre- and post-operative studies].

PMID- 3387701
TI  - [First Forum on Updates on Cerebral Ischemia Pathology. Seville, 1-4 October
      1987. Proceedings].

PMID- 3387702
TI  - [Evaluation of the activity of duxil in the endocochlear hypoacusis of ischemic
      origin].

PMID- 3387703
TI  - [Exploration of the effects of duxil on the central nervous system by quantified
      electroencephalography].

PMID- 3387704
TI  - [Evaluation of the therapeutic effect of duxil in chronic cerebral insufficiency.
      Analysis of 4636 patients at cerebrovascular risk].

PMID- 3387705
TI  - Increased total mortality and decreased functional capacity are associated with
      low systolic blood pressure among elderly women.
AB  - As part of an epidemiological survey of 75-, 80- and 85-year-old citizens of
      Copenhagen, the blood pressure of 566 participants was measured at home visits.
      Based on WHO criteria, systolic hypertension was present in 66% of the men and
      71% of the women, and diastolic hypertension was demonstrated in 18% of the men
      and 22% of the women. The systolic blood pressure was significantly higher among
      women than among men. Surprisingly, the mortality rate was highest among women
      with low systolic blood pressure. There was no correlation between blood pressure
      and morbidity, except among men with low systolic blood pressure, the majority of
      whom suffered from neoplasms. The women with the lowest systolic blood pressure
      displayed poor functional capacity in four--and the men in one--out of ten
      partial functions. No correlation could be demonstrated between blood pressure
      and intake of medicine. In fact, participants receiving antihypertensives had
      higher systolic and diastolic blood pressures compared with the other
      participants.

PMID- 3387706
TI  - The diagnosis of adult pneumonia in general practice. The diagnostic value of
      history, physical examination and some blood tests.
AB  - Because of lower respiratory infection that was treated with antibiotics on the
      suspicion of pneumonia, 71 patients aged 15 years or more were referred to the
      study by general practitioners. Using a positive chest X-ray as a "gold
      standard", 15% had pneumonia. The diagnostic value of variables from history,
      physical examination and blood tests was evaluated by calculating the likelihood
      ratio (LR). A duration of illness less than 24 hours before consulting the
      general practitioner was the variable from the history with the highest LR, 13.5.
      The white blood cell count and particularly the C-reactive protein analysis had a
      high diagnostic value, CRP greater than 50 mg/l had an LR of 37. In this selected
      material pulmonary symptoms and lung findings were of minor value in
      differentiating patients with and without pneumonia, with no LR exceeding 2.3.
      This can be explained to some extent by selection bias.

PMID- 3387707
TI  - Chlamydia trachomatis: is it possible to reduce the number of infections after
      abortions?
AB  - In a study at the University Hospital in Trondheim during 1983, the frequency of
      Chlamydia trachomatis among women terminating their pregnancies was 8.2%. Younger
      women were infected by C. trachomatis at a more frequent rate than older women (p
      less than 0.001). Treatment of chlamydia-positive women was initiated within the
      first two weeks after the abortion. However, among women readmitted to the
      hospital, chlamydia-positive women showed a higher frequency of salpingitis than
      chlamydia-negative women (p less than 0.08). Preabortion examination for C.
      trachomatis and treatment of chlamydia-positive women by practitioners before the
      abortion is carried out, may reduce the postabortal frequency of salpingitis.

PMID- 3387708
TI  - MI--sometimes a blessing in disguise.

PMID- 3387709
TI  - Myocardial infarction may induce positive changes in life-style and in the
      quality of life.
AB  - Eighty-four male patients with a mean age of 56.4 years were subjected to a
      semistructured interview 12-21 weeks after acute myocardial infarction. Twenty
      eight individuals (group A) perceived a considerably or somewhat improved total
      life situation, 39 patients an unchanged (group B) and 17 patients (group C) a
      somewhat or considerably worsened total life situation. In all groups there were
      appreciable alterations with respect to stress on the job, physical activity and
      intake of fat/calories. Sixty per cent had reduced or quit smoking, and 19% had
      reduced their alcohol consumption. Fifty per cent of the patients perceived an
      increased gratitude at being alive. Similar recordings were found regarding "joy
      of life", value of hobbies, family and having good health. Concern associated
      with a reduced health status was experienced as the most distressing consequence
      of MI. There were no significant differences between groups A, B and C with
      respect to severity of the MI in contrast to the number of "psychiatric cases"
      (GHQ). The study concludes that it is considered important also to discover and
      reinforce possible positive changes after MI.

PMID- 3387710
TI  - Psychological and social complaints reported by Dutch patients to their family
      doctors.
AB  - Ninety-three percent of all problems and complaints reported by patients aged 21
      and older to their family physician dealt with somatic disorders, and only 7%
      with psychosocial problems. Psychological complaints were evenly distributed
      among major age groups, and between male and female patients. "Social problems"
      peaked in the middle-age range. The most frequently reported psychological
      problems were feeling anxious, nervous or tense; feeling irritable, angry,
      restless or agitated; experiencing feelings of depression; and disturbances of
      sleep. Marital problems, problems at work, and problems caring for an ill or
      disabled relative were the most frequently reported "social" reasons for
      encounter. More women than men reported feelings of depression and marital
      problems. Men more often felt irritable, angry, restless or agitated, and had
      more problems at work.

PMID- 3387711
TI  - A survey of primary health services in rural Iceland.
AB  - This article describes the results of a follow-up study of primary health
      services in rural Iceland during one week in October 1981. The initial study,
      which was conducted in September 1974, was the first major study in Iceland of
      medical services outside hospitals. The aims of the present study were to collect
      data on primary health services, and to compare results with the study in 1974.
      Data from 58 doctors and other personnel in 31 health centres are included in the
      analysis. The annual average number of contacts with the health centres was
      estimated at 4.9 per inhabitant, median 4.8. Comparable figures in 1974 were 4.6
      and 4.5, respectively. Each doctor on average served 1,303 inhabitants, range 674
      to 2,051. The most common reasons for contacts were: preventive measures,
      respiratory diseases, and diseases of the musculoskeletal system. The most common
      actions taken were, in order of frequency: prescriptions, advice, and minor
      examinations. Referrals to specialists, measured as the percentage of all
      contacts, were 2.8% in 1981, compared to 3.1% in 1974. Referrals to hospitals and
      other health institutions were also less frequent in 1981. On average, physicians
      worked more than 50 hours per week, and over half of them carried out additional
      hospital duties.

PMID- 3387712
TI  - Access to primary health care in urban Iceland.
AB  - The accessibility by telephone of primary health care was studied in Reykjavik
      and its surrounding municipalities. Comparison was also made between community
      run health centres and private practices. About 60% of the total population of
      Iceland live within the study area. The study used medical secretaries as patient
      substitutes. During the prescribed telephone time, all "patients" were able to
      make telephone contact with their practice facilities, and 80% reached their
      doctor within 10 min. The waiting time for non-acute appointments was never more
      than three days. The study did not detect any difference in accessibility between
      community run health centres and privately owned GP practices.

PMID- 3387713
TI  - Diagnoses associated with the prescription of psychotropic drugs at a Swedish
      health centre.
AB  - Data on drug prescribing to residents of the municipality of Tierp in 1978 were
      linked to data on visits to the Tierp health centre in order to examine which
      diagnoses were associated with psychotropic drug prescribing. The diagnostic
      patterns were analyzed with respect to sex, age, and level of drug use of
      patients. Only one quarter of the patients for whom psychotropic drugs were
      prescribed in connection with a visit to the health centre were also given a
      psychiatric diagnosis. Even among those patients who were prescribed five or more
      psychotropic drugs, only four out of ten had a psychiatric diagnosis. Among those
      patients who were prescribed an antidepressant, only six out of ten had a
      psychiatric diagnosis. A relation between psychotropic drug use and certain non
      psychiatric diagnoses such as hypertension, diabetes and ischaemic heart disease
      was observed.

PMID- 3387714
TI  - Orthopaedic out-patient care for children of pre-school age.
AB  - Four hundred and sixty-six or 11.5% of a cohort of 4,039 children, aged 0-6
      years, were referred to the orthopaedic clinic (trauma cases excluded). Twenty
      three per cent of the children were referred from the obstetric departments, 64%
      from Children Health Centres, and 6% from district pediatricians. Up to the age
      of six months, referrals for hip conditions were most frequent, while above this
      age foot deformities were the most frequent reason for referral. The 466 children
      referred made 1,423 out-patient visits and were admitted on 52 occasions. Three
      hundred and sixty-nine radiological examinations were carried out. Of 83 infants
      referred for congenital dysplasia of the hip before one month of age, 54 were
      treated. Of 90 children older than one month, the diagnosis was confirmed in
      three. Of 80 children referred for pes adductus and 65 for pes planus, inserts or
      orthosis were prescribed in 25% and 31% respectively.

PMID- 3387715
TI  - Planning the size of survival time clinical trials with allowance for
      stratification.
AB  - Approximate allocation designs for comparing two survival distributions are
      considered and compared with the exact solution. The influence of incorporating
      covariates by stratification, accrual and follow-up duration on trial size and
      power is investigated. The Bernstein and Lagakos design is suited for exponential
      survival due to its generality and allowance for stratification while the
      Freedman design is convenient for distribution-free survival in view of its
      simplicity. With other specifications fixed, the saving in sample size becomes
      minimal as the accrual period or post-accrual follow-up time units expand above
      three. Required sample size also increases dramatically when the number of strata
      exceeds three.

PMID- 3387716
TI  - Optimal two-stage designs for clinical trials with binary response.
AB  - We present a simple two-stage design for a randomized clinical trial with
      dichotomous outcomes. It is based on a design of Ellenberg and Eisenberger which
      permits early acceptance of the null hypothesis after the first stage. We have
      optimized the design by minimizing the average expected sample size subject to
      constraints on the type 1 and type 2 errors. The resulting designs have maximum
      sample size only slightly larger than that of single stage trial, with 40-45 per
      cent of this maximum allocated to the first stage, and null hypothesis
      probability of early acceptance in excess of 0.60.

PMID- 3387717
TI  - A random walk model for evaluating clinical trials involving serial observations.
AB  - For clinical trials where the variable of interest is ordered and categorical
      (for example, disease severity, symptom scale), and where measurements are taken
      at intervals, it might be possible to achieve a greater discrimination between
      the efficacy of treatments by modelling each patient's progress as a stochastic
      process. The random walk is a simple, easily interpreted model that can be fitted
      by maximum likelihood using a maximization routine with inference based on
      standard likelihood theory. In general the model can allow for randomly censored
      data, incorporates measured prognostic factors, and inference is conditional on
      the (possibly non-random) allocation of patients. Tests of fit and of model
      assumptions are proposed, and application to two therapeutic trials of
      gastroenterological disorders are presented. The model gave measures of the rate
      of, and variability in, improvement for patients under different treatments. A
      small simulation study suggested that the model is more powerful than considering
      the difference between initial and final scores, even when applied to data
      generated by a mechanism other than the random walk model assumed in the
      analysis. It thus provides a useful additional statistical method for evaluating
      clinical trials.

PMID- 3387718
TI  - Contingency table estimation of genetic parameters and disease risks.
AB  - Many genetic variables, categorical in nature, allow for analysis by use of
      contingency table techniques and thereby lead to maximum likelihood estimators.
      This paper describes these techniques for the classical direct effect model under
      Mendelian segregation to illustrate how one obtains maximum likelihood estimators
      for penetrance probabilities and recurrence risks when the data appear in the
      form of a semi-symmetric intraclass contingency table. The method presented for
      the 2(3) table is based exclusively on the generalized cross-product ratio and
      the Pearson chi-squared statistic, and thereby avoids complex statistical
      methodology and unwieldy computations.

PMID- 3387719
TI  - Smoothing methods for epidemiologic analysis.
AB  - The development of techniques for fitting non-parametric smooth curves has
      resulted in less restrictive regression models. We discuss the ideas underlying
      such smoothing algorithms, develop their application to epidemiologic studies and
      address specific issues, such as coping with correlated errors. An example
      illustrates a particular smoothing approach, as applied to pulmonary function
      data. The method provides new insight into the effect of smoking on pulmonary
      function. The discussion offers some qualitative comparisons between smoothing
      methods and conventional linear models.

PMID- 3387720
TI  - Prospective epidemiological studies involving paired organs.
AB  - Standard methods for analysing survival data or case-control data normally
      concern factors affecting a subject as a whole. However, in a study of a
      condition that might develop in one or both of a pair of bodily organs
      information on response and on covariates may be available for each separately.
      This information can be used to investigate whether the presence of a factor on
      one side is associated with the condition on that same side, and thus leads to
      more direct evidence concerning aetiology. In this paper methods of analysing
      data on paired organs are described. The techniques are illustrated using data
      from a case-control study of breast cancer, in which the role of breast
      calcifications was of interest.

PMID- 3387721
TI  - Advances in urologic oncology.

PMID- 3387722
TI  - [How should secretion from the breasts be managed?].

PMID- 3387723
TI  - [Post-traumatic psychiatric pathology].

PMID- 3387724
TI  - [Converting enzyme inhibitors in the treatment of arterial hypertension].

PMID- 3387725
TI  - [The correct use of topical agents].

PMID- 3387726
TI  - [Extracorporeal lithotripsy--the Direx system. Preliminary results at Liege
      University].

PMID- 3387727
TI  - [Current methods of detecting risk of thrombosis and pre-thrombotic states.
      Therapeutic implications].

PMID- 3387728
TI  - [Current status of therapeutic agents 1987-1988].

PMID- 3387729
TI  - [Locomotor apparatus. The spine (3). The cervical spine, atlas, axis, vertebral
      artery].

PMID- 3387730
TI  - [Aerosol therapy (I)].

PMID- 3387731
TI  - [Surgical treatment of sciatica].

PMID- 3387732
TI  - [Therapeutic indications in sciatica].

PMID- 3387733
TI  - [Intervertebral disk hernia. Case report].

PMID- 3387734
TI  - Heart rate and exercise intensity during sports activities. Practical
      application.
AB  - Variations in heart rate during exercise correlate with changes of exercise
      intensity and may be measured directly by radiotelemetry and continuous ECG
      recording. The heart rate can also be recorded in the memory of a microcomputer,
      which can be carried on the wrist as easily as a watch. The device has a
      transmitter and a receiver. By recording the heart rate during a training session
      or a segment of training, and calculating the average of the heart rate and
      comparing this average to both the maximum heart rate of the individual and his
      heart rate at rest, the relative heart rate to the intensity of the work load (%
      maximum heart rate) can be calculated. These results are useful in planning
      optimal training intensities for both the healthy and rehabilitating athlete. The
      use of target heart rate as a tool for exercise prescription is common. It
      represents the percentage difference between resting and maximum heart rate added
      to the resting heart rate. For calculating target heart rate there are also 2
      other methods. The first represents the percentage of the maximum heart rate
      (%HRmax) calculated from zero to peak heart rate. The second represents the heart
      rate at a specified percentage of maximum MET (VO2max). An appropriate individual
      heart rate for each level of an endurance performance is best determined in the
      laboratory. This is carried out by increasing the speed of the runner in stages
      on a treadmill and by measuring the oxygen uptake, the lactic acid concentration
      in the blood and corresponding variations in the heart rate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3387735
TI  - Application of 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy to the study of athletic
      performance.
AB  - Magnetic resonance spectroscopy is a non-invasive and repeatable method of
      studying muscle metabolism. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy uses specific
      radiofrequency pulses in a strong magnetic field to determine the relative
      concentrations of chemical compounds in the sample. 31P Magnetic resonance
      spectroscopy provides indirect measures of phosphate compounds such as adenosine
      triphosphate (ATP), phosphocreatine and inorganic phosphate. Muscle intracellular
      pH can also be determined. Exercise tests can be performed in the magnet such
      that the metabolic response to steady-state exercise can be measured. The ratio
      of inorganic phosphate to phosphocreatine reflects the relative metabolic rate of
      mitochondrial respiration (V) and the extrapolated maximum capacity of oxidative
      metabolism (Vm). Normal humans vary considerably in their metabolic response to
      exercise. These differences are reflected in their Vms and the degree of acidosis
      during exercise. Active muscles in endurance trained athletes have higher Vms and
      faster recovery rates than normal controls. Preliminary studies have been done to
      assess muscle glycolytic capacity by measuring the degree of acidosis during
      ischaemic exercise. Exercise-induced muscle injury can be detected as an
      increased inorganic phosphate to phosphocreatine ratio in resting muscle. The
      increase in the inorganic phosphate to phosphocreatine ratio with injury reaches
      a peak 1 to 2 days after the injury and lasts for up to a week. Similar increases
      in the inorganic phosphate to phosphocreatine ratio occur in patients with
      destructive neuromuscular diseases. Thus changes in the resting inorganic
      phosphate to phosphocreatine ratio may be used to detect the degree of muscle
      injury following exercise. Levels of H2PO4- in muscle are thought to be important
      in causing muscle fatigue during exercise. As 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy
      can measure H2PO4-, magnetic resonance spectroscopy has become a useful technique
      in the study of the metabolic causes of muscle fatigue. It may also be possible
      to identify the relative populations of fast twitch and slow twitch fibres in a
      skeletal muscle using pH changes measured with 31P magnetic resonance
      spectroscopy. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy using other nuclei, such as 1H, 13C
      and 23Na, have the potential to provide information on other metabolic changes
      which occur with exercise. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy has shown promise as a
      technique to monitor the effects of training, including overtraining, in specific
      muscle groups in athletes.

PMID- 3387736
TI  - Regional nutrition and cellularity of the meniscus. Implications for tear and
      repair.
AB  - The knee menisci are relatively avascular and must rely to a large degree on
      synovial sources of nutrition. Lack of nutrition may lead to degenerative changes
      and may inhibit any potential repair capabilities of the menisci. Continuous
      passive motion applied to the knee stimulates greater activity and/or transport
      of nutrients to the meniscal fibrochondrocytes. However, in an avascular model,
      solutes within the synovial fluid are lost by their convective transport from the
      joint. Regional differences in transport of a low molecular weight nutrient like
      sodium sulphate exist such that cells in the central core region of the meniscus
      are poorly supplied with nutrients by the synovial fluid and/or are less active.
      These conditions may be the cause of a relatively high incidence of degenerative
      changes in the central core region.

PMID- 3387737
TI  - Injuries of the spine sustained during rugby.
AB  - In 1984 JR Silver reported on 63 patients who had sustained serious injuries of
      their cervical spine as a result of games of rugby between the years 1952 and
      1982. In this paper his results have been brought up to date. A further 19
      players who were treated personally are reported, sustaining their injuries
      between 1983 and 1987. The mechanism of injury was still blows to the head or the
      head being driven into the ground. Seven injuries occurred in the scrums all were
      front row forwards. One was injured when the players charged, two players were
      inexperienced and the other cases all followed a collapse of the scrum after
      which the second rows continued to push. Five players were injured while
      tackling, six players were injured in a ruck and maul situation--in each case
      they were pushed to the ground while stooping to pick up the ball, other players
      piled on top of them (one player broke from the scrum and he endeavoured to
      retrieve a low ball and then fell striking his head). Further research was
      carried out by circularising all the spinal units in the United Kingdom to obtain
      the overall figures. It has been found that there has been a reduction in the
      number of injuries from ten in 1983 to five in 1986/7, presumably from a change
      in the laws. In order to determine whether a further change in the laws was
      necessary or whether the existing laws were adequate, research was carried out by
      video recording several games of rugby and analysing the games later in slow
      motion and determining how injuries occurred. Most of the injuries in these small
      number of games occurred in the ruck and maul situation. It was concluded that
      the majority of such injuries were not due to bad luck but were caused by
      irresponsible actions. The laws were still being broken and not being enforced.
      The existing laws were adequate since there has been a reduction in the number of
      injuries overall, particularly at first class and schoolboy levels, but were not
      enforced at junior levels-they were the main source of injury.

PMID- 3387738
TI  - [Treatment of mild to moderately severe heart insufficiency].

PMID- 3387739
TI  - [Prevention of progression of kidney insufficiency].

PMID- 3387740
TI  - [Reflections on medical ethics].

PMID- 3387741
TI  - [Head injuries in childhood. Pathophysiology, therapy and outcome].

PMID- 3387742
TI  - [Significance of the anteriorly displaced anus and other anorectal abnormalities
      in childhood constipation].

PMID- 3387743
TI  - [Hypospadias--a frequent malformation].

PMID- 3387744
TI  - [Polydactyly and other hand malformations--only a problem of the hand?].

PMID- 3387745
TI  - [Substitute bladder following radical cystectomy].

PMID- 3387746
TI  - [Adenocarcinoma of the kidney].

PMID- 3387747
TI  - [Being a general practitioner today... and tomorrow].

PMID- 3387748
TI  - [The endoscopic multi-stage dilator. A new instrument for the dilation of
      esophageal stenosis].

PMID- 3387749
TI  - [Sudden deafness after general surgery].

PMID- 3387750
TI  - [Psychological impact of HIV tests on drug addicts].

PMID- 3387751
TI  - [The combination of contact anesthetic and antacid in the therapy of heartburn
      during pregnancy].

PMID- 3387752
TI  - [Gynecomastia and loss of libido].

PMID- 3387753
TI  - [A case from practice (108). Patient: L.H., 48-year-old mechanic].

PMID- 3387754
TI  - [Anguilluliasis (Strongyloides stercoralis). Apropos of 4 case reports].

PMID- 3387755
TI  - [Bi-auricular myxoma with its origin in a prolonged inflammatory state].

PMID- 3387757
TI  - [Attending to the entire person at the end of life].

PMID- 3387756
TI  - [The value of fructosamine in the screening and evaluation of the metabolic
      control of the diabetic patient].

PMID- 3387758
TI  - [Successful pain treatment using continuous subcutaneous morphine injections].

PMID- 3387759
TI  - [The surgical and physiotherapeutic treatment of paroxysmal positional vertigo].

PMID- 3387760
TI  - [Upper abdominal pain].

PMID- 3387761
TI  - [A case from practice (109). Patient: Mrs. L.A., born 1954, secretary].

PMID- 3387762
TI  - [Cholestasis in pregnancy].

PMID- 3387763
TI  - [Usefulness of the addition of aspartate magnesium hydrochloride via intravenous
      route to beta mimetics in the treatment of threatened premature labor].

PMID- 3387764
TI  - [Sexual problems and psychotherapy].

PMID- 3387765
TI  - [Why sexologists (II)--and why not generalists?].

PMID- 3387767
TI  - [Review of a study of sexuality in elderly persons (those over 60)].

PMID- 3387766
TI  - [A survey of studies in vaginismus].

PMID- 3387768
TI  - [Psychodynamic processes and sex therapy].

PMID- 3387769
TI  - [Life cycle and existential crises].

PMID- 3387770
TI  - [Alport's syndrome: hereditary nephropathy with hematuria and deafness].

PMID- 3387771
TI  - [Ethics and prevention].

PMID- 3387772
TI  - [Public health policy--general aspects].

PMID- 3387773
TI  - [Post-pneumonectomy pyothorax with and without broncho-pleural fistula].
AB  - This study reports the experience of the medical centre of Villiers Saint-Denis,
      where about 40 cases of pyothorax with or without broncho-pleural fistula were
      seen between 1975 and 1981. The authors describe their method to drain and wash
      the pleural cavity. They use a single chest tube with an irrigation system in
      simple empyema and two chest tubes with an irrigation system when they must close
      a broncho-pleural fistula. With this method, the infection was eradicated in 90%
      of the cases, and the broncho-pleural fistula closed within about 4 months in 80%
      of the cases. This method is compared with other methods used to treat pyothorax.

PMID- 3387774
TI  - [Acute pulmonary edema due to hyperperfusion: experimental observations in the
      dog].
AB  - A condition of acute pulmonary edema was obtained experimentally in the dog,
      perfusing the lower lobe of the left lung by a roller pump with compatible canine
      plasma. The edema develops contemporarily to the increase of pressure in the
      pulmonary artery and the interstitial tissue: it diffuses principally in the
      interstitial tissue, while after clamping the pulmonary veins it is observed also
      inside the alveoli.

PMID- 3387775
TI  - [Pleurisy and sarcoidosis].
AB  - Two cases of sarcoidosis associated with pleurisy are presented. The pleural
      effusion had the same characteristics in both cases. Histology showed non
      caseating epithelioid and giant cell granulomas in the parietal pleura. The first
      case was consistent with sarcoid pleurisy, but in the second case culture of a
      pleural biopsy specimen fragment demonstrated tuberculous pleurisy. Pleurisy may
      complicate sarcoidosis in about 2.5% of patients, notably in extensive pulmonary
      sarcoidosis with extrathoracic lesions. The clinical presentation and the
      appearance of the pleural fluid are varied. In most cases, a predominantly
      lymphocytic sero-fibrinous exudate is present. Thorough bacteriological studies,
      best performed on pleural tissue cultures, must follow the discovery of non
      caseating tuberculoid granulomas which are also found in tuberculous pleurisy.
      Among the various pathogenetic theories considered, the immune reaction theory
      deserves special mention.

PMID- 3387776
TI  - [Plasmacytoma of the mediastinum. A new case].
AB  - We report the case of a 61-year old man in whom ablation of a hilar tumour
      enabled us to diagnose a mediastinal plasmacytoma. Plasmacytomas are rarely found
      in the mediastinum and sometimes evolve towards myelomas. The best treatment
      seems to be surgery combined with radiotherapy. The effectiveness of chemotherapy
      against this tumour is questionable.

PMID- 3387777
TI  - [Alveolar proteinosis with persistent respiratory insufficiency after therapeutic
      broncho-alveolar lavage].

PMID- 3387778
TI  - [Significance of high-dose cis-platinum in the treatment of a pleural malignant
      mesothelioma (1 case)].

PMID- 3387779
TI  - [Fatal acute pneumonopathies in disseminated lupus erythematosus].
AB  - Two cases of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) complicated by pneumonia which
      resulted in death are reported. The first patient, a 21-year old woman, died of
      acute diffuse lupus pneumonia; the initial and unusual radiological image of
      "multiple balloons" progressed within 2 months to terminal interstitial fibrosis.
      The second patient, a 60-year old woman, died of infection on an interstitial
      pneumonia which turned into severe fibrosis within 16 months. Acute or chronic
      lupus pneumonia is uncommon, but it may follow a very serious course. Clinically,
      true lupus pneumonia must be distinguished from all other types of lung
      involvement in SLE, such as infection, pulmonary haemorrhage or oedema,
      iatrogenic pathology, thromboembolic disease, etc. The pathogenetic mechanism of
      pulmonary lesions directly related to SLE is obscure, although some lung biopsy
      specimens have shown positive immunofluorescence. Concerning treatment, the
      initial response to corticosteroid therapy is usually very good, especially in
      the acute forms of the disease. However, in severe cases immunosuppressive drugs
      or even plasma exchanges must be added to steroids. For treatment to be rapidly
      initiated the diagnostic procedures must be completed in the early stages of the
      disease, involving, when necessary, surgical lung biopsy.

PMID- 3387780
TI  - [1992, Europe and the nurses].

PMID- 3387781
TI  - [Silent ischemia, we hear about it more and more].

PMID- 3387782
TI  - [Surveillance of antibiotic treatment].

PMID- 3387783
TI  - [Programmed delivery].

PMID- 3387784
TI  - [Dental injuries in young athletes].

PMID- 3387785
TI  - [Nursing ethics and practice in resuscitation].

PMID- 3387786
TI  - [Transplantation, a concern of the public sector].

PMID- 3387787
TI  - [Birth of a function].

PMID- 3387788
TI  - [The drug addict in the hospital. Clinical approach].

PMID- 3387790
TI  - [Aging tomorrow].

PMID- 3387789
TI  - [Seeing by means of your dog].

PMID- 3387791
TI  - [Urinary catheterization is avoidable].

PMID- 3387792
TI  - [In the midst of a burn unit for children].

PMID- 3387793
TI  - [Decubitus ulcers--ulcers--what wound! How you responded].

PMID- 3387794
TI  - [The patient with multiple trauma].

PMID- 3387795
TI  - [Patients with multiple trauma and craniocerebral damage].

PMID- 3387796
TI  - [The patient with multiple trauma and facial injuries].

PMID- 3387798
TI  - [Patients with multiple trauma with involvement of the extremities and/or the
      pelvis].

PMID- 3387797
TI  - [The patient with multiple trauma and vertebro-medullary injuries].

PMID- 3387800
TI  - [Patients with multiple trauma with abdominal involvement].

PMID- 3387799
TI  - [Patients with multiple trauma with thoracic involvement].

PMID- 3387801
TI  - [The patient with multiple trauma: relational approach to the patient in the
      recovery room].

PMID- 3387802
TI  - AIDS testing and the health department legislation.

PMID- 3387803
TI  - Adverse drug reaction reporting systems: the United Kingdom and the United
      States.

PMID- 3387804
TI  - Off-site day care at the Institute of Mental Health 1982-1987.

PMID- 3387805
TI  - Political action--the example of BAYPAC.

PMID- 3387806
TI  - [Medical participation in management].

PMID- 3387807
TI  - [The general stress syndrome].

PMID- 3387808
TI  - [Home care for the elderly. A route for community nursing].

PMID- 3387809
TI  - [Sexuality and the cancer patient].

PMID- 3387810
TI  - [The subcutaneous reservoir for permanent venous access].

PMID- 3387811
TI  - [Diaper use in the neonatology area].

PMID- 3387812
TI  - [Patient dependencies and nursing work loads].

PMID- 3387813
TI  - [Assertiveness and the fostering of mental health].

PMID- 3387814
TI  - [The burnout syndrome. Nursing, a high-risk group].

PMID- 3387815
TI  - [The permanent bladder catheter. The Foley catheter].

PMID- 3387816
TI  - [Continuing education. 25. Subject: nursing technics. Topic: nursing care with
      regard to venous and arterial punctures].

PMID- 3387817
TI  - [An unresolved problem: the functions of nursing].

PMID- 3387818
TI  - [Reducing exposure to radioactivity in the operating room].

PMID- 3387819
TI  - [Change of attitude regarding radiation exposure].

PMID- 3387820
TI  - [X-rays in the operating room environment].

PMID- 3387821
TI  - [The dangers of radiation].

PMID- 3387822
TI  - Antifilarial activities of benzazole derivatives. 1. Macrofilaricidal effects
      against Litomosoides carinii, Dipetalonema viteae, Brugia malayi, and B. pahangi
      in Mastomys natalensis.
AB  - Eighteen 2-tert-butyl-benzazole derivatives were evaluated comparatively as
      macrofilaricidal agents against L. carinii (L.c.), D. viteae (D.v.), B. malayi
      (B.m.) and B. pahangi (B.p.). Upon repeated treatment (once daily) for five
      consecutive days the eight benzoxazole derivatives were invariably less potent
      than the corresponding benzothiazole derivatives. The minimal curative dose (DCM)
      of the benzoxazoles varied depending on the species and on the chemical structure
      between 25 and 100 mg/kg p.o. once daily for five days. In the benzothiazole
      series the lowest DCMs were observed with compound CGP 20376 which is the 5
      methoxy-6-dithiocarbamic-S-(2-carboxy-ethyl)ester derivative. This compound
      eliminated all macrofilariae of L.c., B.m. and Bp. at 6.25 mg/kg p.o. once a day
      for five days, whereas 12.5 mg/kg x 5 days were needed against D.v. For all other
      benzothiazole derivatives the DCMs varied between 6.25 mg/kg p.o. x 5 to 100
      mg/kg x 5. Six of the most potent benzothiazoles were tested by single oral
      treatment. In general doses had to be increased 2-4 times to reach minimum
      curative effects. CGP 20376 was fully effective against B.m. and B.p. at 12.5
      mg/kg p.o., against L.c. at 25 mg/kg p.o. and against D.v. at 50 mg/kg p.o.. This
      compound has been selected from this series of novel benzazoles as a first
      candidate for trials against human bancroftian filariasis.

PMID- 3387823
TI  - The potential of mice as animal models for antifilarial screening.
AB  - Transplanted infections of Brugia pahangi and Dipetalonema viteae in male BALB/c
      and CDI mice were investigated as models for evaluating potential antifilarial
      compounds. The physiology and genetics of the above mouse strains are better
      defined than any of the rodent species currently used for primary in vivo
      screening, facilitating a more reproducible means for predicting the filaricidal
      activity of compounds. The recoveries of B. pahangi macrofilariae, implanted
      intraperitoneally were greater than or equal to 50% up to six weeks after implant
      in both CDI and BALB/c mice. The recoveries of D. viteae macrofilariae, implanted
      subcutaneously, were greater than 50% up to four weeks post implant but had
      fallen to less than 30% by six weeks. The survival of B. pahangi and D. viteae
      macrofilariae simultaneously implanted into mice mimicked that seen with the mono
      infections, but significantly better recoveries were obtained from dual implanted
      CDI mice compared to the BALB/c mice when the numbers of macrofilariae implanted
      were varied. Standard antifilarials were evaluated against D. viteae and B.
      pahangi dual implanted into either CDI mice or gerbils. The mouse dual implant
      detected significant worm reductions against D. viteae, B. pahangi or both with
      all antifilarials tested except CGP 6140. Similarly under the test conditions CGP
      6140 was not detected in the gerbil assay, but there were marked differences in
      the results obtained with the mice and gerbil models. The reasons for these
      differences are discussed.

PMID- 3387824
TI  - Dipetalonema viteae in Mastomys natalensis: effect of pregnancy and lactation on
      establishment and course of infection.
AB  - The susceptibility of hosts to filarial infection during pregnancy and lactation
      was studied using Dipetalonema viteae in Mastomys natalensis as working model.
      Though no difference in prepatency could be observed yet significantly higher
      density of microfilaraemia than controls was detected in both pregnant and
      lactating groups. Extended duration of patency was also found in both pregnant
      and lactating animals. On autopsy, animals exposed at the time of pregnancy or
      lactation revealed significantly higher recovery of adult worms as compared to
      normal controls. Thus pregnancy and/or lactation may lead to higher density and
      duration of microfilaraemia and enhanced establishment of adult worms in female
      mastomys which are otherwise less susceptible to filarial infection.

PMID- 3387825
TI  - Identification of species-specific DNA sequences in North American blackflies.
AB  - Blackflies are vectors for Onchocerca volvulus, a filarial parasite that infects
      tens of millions of people in Africa and Latin America. Different species of the
      insect vectors, varying greatly in their ability to transmit the infection, may
      populate overlapping geographical regions and be morphologically similar. A rapid
      and reliable method for distinguishing among blackfly species is presently not
      available. We have isolated cloned DNAs coding for repetitive sequences that can
      distinguish between two species of North American blackflies, Simulium pictipes
      and Simulium vittatum. These DNAs do not cross hybridize to three African
      blackfly species. The assay is very sensitive, less than 1/1000th of the amount
      of DNA in a single fly being sufficient for detection with a radioactive probe.
      Diagnosis with nonradioactive probes by a procedure that is amenable for use in
      the field was also demonstrated.

PMID- 3387826
TI  - Antifilarial activity of CGP 20,376 in chimpanzees (Pan t. troglodytes) naturally
      infected with Dipetalonema vanhoofi.
AB  - CGP 20,376, a benzthiazole and new antifilarial agent, was investigated at CIRMF
      in eight wild born chimpanzees naturally infected with Dipetalonema vanhoofi.
      Single oral doses (3.75, 7.5, 11 and 15 mg/kg) were administered. Drug levels
      during the first hour after administration were assessed in seven chimpanzees at
      10 minute intervals in the blood. Levels of unchanged drug (CGP 20,376) were
      higher than those of its metabolite (CGP 20,308). However, there was considerable
      variation between individuals, although the results for each animal were
      consistent. Because of investigational limitations a complete drug profile could
      not be established. Unsheathed microfilariae of D. vanhoofi were monitored during
      the first hour following drug administration in seven chimpanzees. In five the
      microfilaraemia dropped to low counts within 10 minutes and remained below the
      initial values for the next 50 minutes while in two other chimpanzees it showed a
      more irregular reduction. Periodic microfilarial counts over the next 20 months,
      at roughly 30 day intervals, showed that three chimpanzees, treated with 7.5, 11
      and 15 mg/kg respectively, remained free of circulating microfilariae from Day 1
      to Day 600, the chimpanzee treated with 3.75 mg/kg remained microfilaremic and,
      in three chimpanzees low numbers of microfilariae reappeared within one year,
      whereas in the remaining ape they reappeared after one year. No major clinical
      adverse effects were observed, but liver function tests showed mild reversible
      changes at the 11 and 15 mg/kg doses. CGP 20,376 was therefore microfilaricidal,
      except for the lowest dose, and it was possibly macrofilaricidal in those
      chimpanzees which remained free of microfilariae for 600 days. Clinically CGP
      20,376 was well tolerated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3387827
TI  - Malaria prophylaxis with proguanil to Namibian refugee children in Angola.
AB  - Following a presumptive treatment with 35 mg chloroquine base/kg, 484 Namibian
      children between 5 months and 5 years of age received 50 mg of proguanil daily
      for 4 months. They were compared with 268 children living in a very adjacent area
      who received vitamin tablets after the initial chloroquine medication. Fewer
      fever episodes were recorded among the children who received proguanil and they
      were also requiring less presumptive treatments with chloroquine during the
      period of study, but there were only minor differences in parasite rate between
      the two groups at the end of the study period. Despite the reduction of
      morbidity, the required efforts were too large to justify another period of drug
      prophylaxis.

PMID- 3387828
TI  - The role of lectins and trypanosome genotype in the maturation of midgut
      infections in Glossina morsitans.
AB  - Feeding D + Glucosamine to Glossina morsitans throughout their life significantly
      reduced the proportions of midgut infections which developed into mature
      infections with three different stocks of Trypanosoma congolense. In one stock of
      T. congolense, maturation was completely blocked by this carbohydrate, which is
      known to specifically inhibit tsetse midgut lectin activity. Similar experiments
      with T. brucei showed that D + Glucosamine also inhibited maturation and, when
      combined with results from previous experiments with the same carbohydrate,
      indicated that lectin inhibition also had significant effects on T. brucei
      infections. It is concluded that midgut lectin secreted by the fly is responsible
      for triggering maturation of procyclic T. congolense and T. brucei. The
      maturation response of midgut trypanosomes to lectin stimulation varies between
      species and between stocks of the same trypanosome species, probably reflecting
      differences in numbers of lectin binding sites which are determined by
      trypanosome genotypes.

PMID- 3387829
TI  - Molluscicide resistance and a field test kit.
AB  - Molluscicide resistance literature is reviewed. Alterations in tolerance have
      been recorded in some laboratory experiments and field surveys but not others.
      Resistance, as the failure to control a natural snail population, has not been
      reported. A kit is described for measuring molluscicide susceptibility of snails.
      A microlitre delivery device is used to prepare molluscicide solutions. Trials
      have shown that the kit can be used successfully in the field.

PMID- 3387830
TI  - Venomous snake bites in Italy: epidemiological and clinical aspects.
AB  - From 1980 to 1984, a total of 2,329 people who alleged that they had been bitten
      by venomous snakes were admitted to 292 Italian hospitals having first aid
      stations. Three died. Most patients (62%) did not show any symptomatology of
      envenomation. The epidemiological and clinical aspects of 286 patients, out of
      885 exhibiting signs and symptoms of snake bite envenomation, have been studied.
      The symptoms and signs were: oedema, gastro-intestinal symptoms, pain at the site
      of the bite, respiratory distress, leucocytosis, CNS depression, shock, fever,
      cyanosis, exanthema, ecchymoses, incoagulable blood, lymphangitis, melaena,
      thrombocytopenia, haematuria, and ophthalmoplegia. The bites were located only in
      the upper or lower limbs. Most were caused by Vipera aspis. The severity of
      envenomation of the 286 affected patients were: 45% minor, 30% mild, 14%
      moderate, 8% severe and 1% fatal. Most bites occurred in August. The commonest
      treatment before and during hospitalization was anti-venin.

PMID- 3387831
TI  - Proceedings from the Wellcome Foundation Filariasis Seminar 1987. November 12,
      1987, London. Abstracts.

PMID- 3387832
TI  - The burden of disease among preschool children from rural Tanzania.
AB  - A study was undertaken to determine disease prevalence of, choice of treatment
      for, as well as health services utilization by, preschool children living in a
      rural district of coastal Tanzania. Disease prevalence and choice of treatment
      were determined through seven-day recall; health services utilization through
      systematic analysis of Village Health Workers' service records over one calendar
      year. It was found that the main disease symptoms, i.e. fever, cough, diarrhea,
      difficult breathing, ear ache and sore throat occurred at frequencies of 15.6,
      8.3, 5.7, 2.0, 1.7 and 0.4 episodes respectively, per child per year. Cough,
      difficult breathing, common cold and ear ache caused about 50% of all episodes of
      illness. The majority (61%) of all illness episodes were treated in dispensaries,
      health centres or hospitals. 18.9% were attended by Village Health Workers
      (VHWs), 14.5% received treatment at home and 3.5% were seen by traditional
      healers. The use of VHWs was associated with a reduction of home-treatment and
      reliance on traditional healers for the care of perceived illness. VHW's monthly
      reports revealed malaria to be the number one health problem both among children
      and adults, responsible for about 25% of all attendances.

PMID- 3387833
TI  - How to spread the word about nursing.

PMID- 3387834
TI  - Is retirement making your patient sick?

PMID- 3387835
TI  - Knee surgery clears a hurdle.

PMID- 3387836
TI  - A better way to chart i.v. therapy.

PMID- 3387837
TI  - Who'd survive a fire on your unit?

PMID- 3387838
TI  - One nurse's fight against fire.

PMID- 3387839
TI  - Nurse and patient: allies preventing amputation (continuing education credit).

PMID- 3387840
TI  - Caring for the diabetic with PAD.

PMID- 3387841
TI  - Are you ready for this bedside emergency? Thyroid storm.

PMID- 3387843
TI  - Geriatric infections: the impact of diet.

PMID- 3387842
TI  - The pill, the patient, and you.

PMID- 3387844
TI  - If you suspect child abuse.

PMID- 3387845
TI  - Promoting rehabilitation at home.

PMID- 3387846
TI  - Bedside nursing has special rewards.

PMID- 3387847
TI  - Nurses helping to shape the future.

PMID- 3387848
TI  - [Quality of nutrition in selected types of catering institutions].

PMID- 3387849
TI  - [Nitrite and nitrate levels in daily meals of vocational school students, infants
      and children].

PMID- 3387850
TI  - [Contamination of bread and other grain products with ochratoxin A].

PMID- 3387851
TI  - [Determining the levels of beta-lactam antibiotics in milk].

PMID- 3387852
TI  - [Effect of fermentation processes used in household food preparation on the
      degradation of nitrates].

PMID- 3387853
TI  - [Effect of the conditions of food preservation on microbiological changes in
      selected frozen products].

PMID- 3387854
TI  - [The characteristics of thermophilic microorganisms of the genus Campylobacter
      isolated from various sources. I. The role of the microorganisms of the genus
      Campylobacter in human and animal pathology].

PMID- 3387855
TI  - [Factors affecting the evolution of resistance in insect populations].

PMID- 3387856
TI  - [Radiologic control of therapy and after care in bronchial cancer].
AB  - All therapeutic modalities of lung cancer - surgery, radiotherapy and
      chemotherapy - may be controlled by radiological methods. During the week after
      surgery one x-ray examination of the thorax should be done every day, in order to
      rule out pneumonia, atelectasis, mediastinal shift etc. For radiotherapy, x-ray
      images can show the change in tumour volume and the occurrence of pneumonitis.
      For chemotherapy of oat-cell carcinoma, x-ray controls are important, because
      chemotherapy can be modified if the therapeutic effect is not satisfactory. For
      follow-up studies of treated lung cancer, x-ray examinations of the thorax are
      indicated every three to six months. Computed tomography bone scans and liver
      sonography should be employed whenever there are relevant clinical signs or
      symptoms.

PMID- 3387857
TI  - [Spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee joint in clinically suspected thrombosis
      of the leg veins].
AB  - A case report demonstrating the value of X-ray examination in the diagnosis of
      spontaneous Osteonecrosis of the knee. The clinical, radiological and anatomic
      findings are pointed out and the differential diagnosis and therapeutic
      management are discussed.

PMID- 3387858
TI  - [Conventional roentgen diagnosis of bronchial cancer].
AB  - The incidence of lung cancer has increased tenfold since 1930. Early diagnosis
      using screening examinations have not been rewarding and even today lung cancer
      is usually diagnosed only at a late stage. Three manifestations-central lung
      cancer with endobronchial growth, central lung cancer with peribronchial growth
      and peripheral lung cancer-are the ones most frequently detected by x-ray
      examination. The staging of cancer, which determine the therapy, relies on x-ray
      findings to a great extent.

PMID- 3387859
TI  - [Computerized tomography in bronchial cancers].
AB  - For the exact evaluation of central and peripheral bronchogenic carcinoma CT is a
      usefull method that can provide important information needed by the clinicians.
      CT is able to demonstrate the exact extent of the disease and thus enable the
      surgeon to plan surgical intervention, to assess the risk involved or to decide
      for inoperability.

PMID- 3387860
TI  - [Magnetic resonance tomography (MRT) in bronchial cancer].
AB  - Comparative studies were made of 47 patients suffering from histologically and
      cytologically confirmed bronchial carcinoma, using CT and MRT respectively. CT
      examinations were performed before and after intravenous administration of
      contrast medium, whereas the MR examinations were conducted via EEG-triggered T1
      and T2 marked SE sequences in the axial and coronary planes. Both methods were
      assessed in respect of tumour visualisation and documentation of tumour spread.
      Staging of tumour and lymph nodes yielded largely concurring results for CT and
      MRT. Exceptions were seen in 7 of 10 patients with malignant involvement of the
      pericardium and in 3 of 27 patients with lymph node metastases located
      mediastinally and subcarinally where only MRT showed a positive involvement of
      the pericardium or lymph nodes (with possible consequences for the staging of the
      tumour or lymph nodes). Decisive advantages of MRT compared with CT were seen in
      the identification of infiltration of the aortic-wall, in the differentiation of
      the poststenotic syndrome, in the visualisation of the thoracic wall infiltration
      and functional information on blood flow rate in upper venolus obstruction caused
      by a carcinoma.

PMID- 3387861
TI  - [Lung densitometry in radiologic follow-up diagnosis in burn patients].
AB  - Chest x-ray films obtained by means of a portable x-ray apparatus were reviewed
      in 101 patients with skin burns and/or burns of the airways. The densitometric
      difference between measurements at a specific area in the sixth intercostal space
      lateral to the right hilus, and another measurement area in the mediastinum at
      the level of the sixth thoracic vertebral body correlated inversely with a
      radiographic adult respiratory distress syndrome score as suggested by
      Rommelsheim and Thelen. Our findings suggest that the densitometric difference
      between mediastinum and lung may aid in the evaluation of ARDS, especially if x
      rays have different exposure parameters.

PMID- 3387862
TI  - [Film digital and texture analysis for digital classification of pulmonary spot
      opacities].
AB  - The study aimed at evaluating the effect of different methods of digitisation of
      radiographic films on the digital classification of pulmonary opacities. Test
      sets from the standard of the International Labour Office (ILO) Classification of
      Radiographs of Pneumoconiosis were prepared by film digitisation using a scanning
      microdensitometer or a video digitiser based on a personal computer equipped with
      a real time digitiser board and a vidicon or a Charge Coupled Device (CCD)
      camera. Seven different algorithms were used for texture analysis resulting in 16
      texture parameters for each region. All methods used for texture analysis were
      independent of the mean grey value level and the size of the image analysed.
      Classification was performed by discriminant analysis using the classes from the
      ILO classification. A hit ratio of at least 85% was achieved for a digitisation
      by scanner digitisation or the vidicon, while the corresponding results of the
      CCD camera were significantly less good. Classification by texture analysis of
      opacities of chest X-rays of pneumoconiosis digitised by a personal computer
      based video digitiser and a vidicon are of equal quality compared to digitisation
      by a scanning microdensitometer. Correct classification of 90% was achieved via
      the discribed statistical approach.

PMID- 3387863
TI  - [Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of the orbit].
AB  - Magnetic resonance tomography enables sensitive and specific three dimensional
      imaging processes in the bulbus, the soft parts of the orbita and the optic
      foramen as well as their relation to intracerebral structures. Besides a very
      exact imaging of the morphology it is also possible to characterise the tissue,
      this being a decisive factor in arriving at a correct diagnosis.

PMID- 3387864
TI  - [Radioactivity in dismantling a betatron].
AB  - The authors report on the specific radioactivity of construction components of a
      42 MeV betatron measured 28 days after the last run by means of a Ge spectrometer
      (ultra-pure germanium detector employed in a semiconductor spectroscopic method)
      recording the gamma spectra of various components of the betatron. This
      examination served to find out which components would have to be considered as
      radioactive waste requiring special treatment in accordance with Federal German
      legislation on radioactive waste disposal (section 47 of the Radiation Protection
      Ordinance). The examination showed that such special treatment would be required
      only for the target (main material: platinum) and the Platness-filter (chief
      constituent: lead) of the decommissioned electron accelerator.

PMID- 3387865
TI  - The value of axial view in the radiography of shoulder girdle--experiences with a
      new modification of positioning.
AB  - A series of 117 patients underwent radiography of the shoulder girdle, performed
      using a modification which allowed the examination of also severely injured
      patients in the axial view. The findings in the frontal and axial views were
      compared. A total number of 161 pathological findings were discovered; out of
      them 30 were visible only in the frontal view and 49 only in the axial view. The
      series indicates that the axial view can be taken painless in patients with
      recent injury, and that the frontal and axial views considerably supplement each
      other.

PMID- 3387866
TI  - [The "hepatoceliac collateral" in complete hepatomesenteric trunk--a first
      angiography observation].
AB  - In the example presented here we determined a complex anomaly of the large
      arterial vessels of the upper abdomen in combination with an intrahepatic
      vascular malformation (partially thrombosed haemangioma), this identification
      having become possible by superselective arteriography. There were two
      anastomoses of considerable calibre besides a complete truncus
      hepatomesentericus. We named one of these "hepato-coeliacal collateral". This
      collateral is now being described for the first time in literature and is
      demonstrated via angiography. Taking into account the embryogenesis of the
      visceral arteries and the organogenesis of the upper abdominal organs, we offer
      an interpretation of the development possibilities of the "hepato-coeliacal
      collateral".

PMID- 3387867
TI  - [Roentgen diagnosis of fracture of the calcaneus with involvement of the lower
      ankle joint].
AB  - The prognosis and therapy of the fracture of the calcaneum largely depend on an
      involvement of the talo-calcaneonavicular joint. Incongruities and grated
      fractures in the region of the posterior joint facet are prognostically
      unfavourable but can be tackled by surgery. Standard X-ray films of the
      calcaneonavicular joint and of the tarsus do not offer sufficiently conclusive
      criteria. Oblique X-ray films with 60 degree internal and external rotation
      visualise the talo-calcaneonavicular joint almost free from overshadowing. The
      diagnostic value and technique of the standard and oblique X-ray films, as well
      as the topography of the joint facets under different projections, are
      demonstrated in this article by means of X-ray films of preparations and by case
      reports.

PMID- 3387868
TI  - [Disaster medicine].

PMID- 3387869
TI  - [Advance medical planning and disaster situations].

PMID- 3387870
TI  - [Crush syndrome].

PMID- 3387871
TI  - [Consequences of explosions].

PMID- 3387872
TI  - [Collective poisoning by inhalation].

PMID- 3387873
TI  - [The psychosociology of panic].

PMID- 3387874
TI  - [The nuclear risk].

PMID- 3387875
TI  - [For clinical practice one should remember...].

PMID- 3387876
TI  - Hepatic fibrosis in alcoholic steatosis. Morphologic aspects and evolutive
      tendencies.
AB  - Alcoholic hepatic steatosis, considered for a long time as a reversible
      "harmless" disease, is now re-evaluated according to the concept of cirrhosis
      without cell necrosis and inflammation. The study of 166 biopsies from alcoholic
      hepatic steatosis has demonstrated the presence of fibrotic process in 25 (15%)
      of the cases. Histologic and electron microscopic examination have supplied data
      on the distribution of this fibrosis (perivenous, perisinusoidal and extensive)
      as well as on the cells involved in collagen synthesis; myofibroblasts, fat
      storing cells (Ito cells) and the hepatocyte itself. Peritoneoscopy revealed
      aspects of incipient portal hypertension in some of the cases. Follow-up in time
      with reiteration of morphologic exploration at intervals of 2 to 3 years has
      shown the possible evolution toward cirrhosis in cases of steatosis with fibrosis
      when ethanol consumption is continued. Detection of early fibrosis, in patients
      with alcoholic steatosis, by means of morphologic or biochemical methods would be
      necessary for its therapeutic implication: possible reversibility by abstinence
      from alcohol and antifibrogenic therapy.

PMID- 3387877
TI  - A simple bedside technique in the study of the WPW syndrome.
AB  - A simple method for the study of the WPW syndrome, which can be performed at the
      patient's bedside, is presented. Using standard ECG, vagal maneouvers, ajmaline
      test, precordial mapping, vectorcardiography, electrode catheters positioned in
      the right atrium and esophageal catheters, the site of accessory pathways, and
      the complex arrhythmias occurring in these patients can be understood and
      medically treated.

PMID- 3387878
TI  - The relationship between intimal necrosis and lipid accumulation during the onset
      and progression of atherosclerotic lesions.
AB  - In human coronary arteries, aorta and intracranial arteries, the first areas of
      intimal necrosis preceded the onset of the first lipid accumulation related to
      atherosclerotic involvement. Both intra- and extracellular lipid accumulations
      developed only in preexisting areas of intimal necrosis. Intimal necrosis not
      only caused an abnormal intraarterial retention of fat, but also caused fat to be
      deposited preferentially in specific forms and particular locations. The areas
      with mucoid necrosis appeared as adequate sites for the onset of fatty streaks;
      the areas with swelling necrosis appeared as adequate sites for a diffuse
      extracellular retention of tiny lipid droplets; the areas with dissecting
      necrosis appeared as adequate sites for large fatty deposits rich in cholesterol
      clefts. The results of this paper demonstrate that human atherosclerosis has many
      attributes of a necrotizing arteriopathy and that lipid accumulation is a
      secondary phenomenon. These results add support to the insudative theory of
      atherogenesis built up by German pathologists at the middle of this century and
      disagree with the often repeated view that human atherosclerosis is a reaction of
      the arterial wall to lipid that invade it.

PMID- 3387879
TI  - [Introduction to the biomechanics of the lumbar spine].
AB  - The first part of this report is devoted to the functional anatomy of the lumbar
      spine, and reminds of the morphology, structure and proper physiology of each
      lumbar vertebral component, and then of each flexible element linking the lumbar
      vertebrae with one another. In this tripod system, the column of vertebral bodies
      and discs play an essential role, while the two columns of posterior articular
      processes have a supplementary, but nevertheless effective role in spinal
      stability and mobility. The intervertebral disc, because of the strong osmotic
      pressure of the nucleus and the dual direction fibrillar structure of the
      annulus, is in a pre-stress condition and constitutes a very strong visco-elastic
      shock-absorber; besides, it is a flexible structure allowing free motion. Under
      certain circumstances, it is supported by the abdominal wall. The second part of
      this report shows how spinal mobility in all directions, and absorbing of the
      load in all body postures, are effected by the lumbar spine.

PMID- 3387880
TI  - [Morphological variations of the lumbar foramina during flexion-extension and
      disk collapse].
AB  - The authors have studied, on anatomical preparations, the variations in shape and
      size of 38 intervertebral foramina during flexion-extension movements, on spines
      which were free of degenerative lesions; they also studied the same variations
      following an isolated disc collapse. The cast technique takes into account the
      bony prominences, the bulge of the disc anteriorly, and the capsulo-ligamentous
      structures posteriorly. In flexion, all the diameters of the foramina are
      maximum. In extreme extension, all diameters decrease significantly; the pedicles
      come closer together, the disc bulges posteriorly and the ligamentum flavum
      pushed by the superior articular process of the underlying vertebra, projects
      forward. When the height of the disc is preserved, the reduction in size of the
      foramen does not compress the nerve root. A moderate disc collapse of 4 mm
      decreases all the diameters and under those circumstances, lumbar extension
      results in a sufficient decrease of the diameter of the foramen to threaten the
      nerve root, even in the absence of posterior articular osteophytes.

PMID- 3387881
TI  - [Spinal biomechanics and the sitting position].
AB  - Our study was conducted in two stages. In a first stage, elaboration of a
      reliable biomechanical model for the lumbar spine, permitting to calculate for
      each lumbar level, for a definite posture and a given patient, the normal and
      tangential forces as well as the overall stresses applied to the disc, and
      represented by the intradiscal pressure of the nucleus pulposus and the overall
      stresses in the annulus fibers. This biomechanical model was constructed with the
      help of radiographs and formulas of forces and moments balance in comparison with
      a reference axis system. This biomechanical model was then used to compare
      stresses on the disc in various sitting positions, in order to determine an
      ergonomic adaptation of the sitting position at work.

PMID- 3387882
TI  - [A functional study of the pathologic disk using disco-manometry. Diagnostic and
      prognostic value before nucleolysis].

PMID- 3387883
TI  - [An electrokinesiologic study of the lumbar paravertebral muscles].

PMID- 3387884
TI  - [Mechanical consequences of the surgical treatment of lumbar stenosis].
AB  - In a series of 84 cases of lumbar stenosis duly controlled with lateral X-rays at
      each visit, 7 post-operative slips were discovered (8 p. cent). They occur very
      early, are moderate and do not seem to become worse. The functional repercussion
      was actually present on only 2 instances. 5 occurred spontaneously, 2 represented
      the aggravation of an arthritic spondylolisthesis. The preferred localization is
      L4-L5 and the slip seems to develop especially on pinched but still thick discs,
      and spines with an over-lordosis. Multi-levels total lamino-arthrectomy promotes
      slipping but this wide resection is not an exclusive factor. The knowledge of
      anatomical factors of risk enables to limit the indication of a stabilizing
      arthrodesis and the low slipping risk versus the much higher percentage of
      failure because of insufficient resection, prompts the author to keep performing
      wide releases on demand.

PMID- 3387885
TI  - Decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol after administration of
      melatonin-free pineal extract in the rat.
AB  - The work was focused on the effect of the pineal extract on HDL-cholesterol
      alongside the effect of the same extract on serum cholesterol and testosterone in
      the rat under basal conditions. HDL-cholesterol is utilized in the rat,
      preferentially by the Leydig cells for steroidogenesis. Administration of
      melatonin-free pineal extract, in doses of 2 ml/day/animal along 3, 6 and 12 days
      caused a statistically significant decrease in HDL-cholesterol of 19, 21 and 20%,
      respectively. The same depressor effect occurred 4 hr following a unique
      injection of pineal extract (-25%, p less than 0.001). Cholesterolemia decreased
      significantly alongside with HDL-cholesterol (14, 18, and 16% after 3, 6 and 12
      days and 18% after 4 hr). The effect of the pineal extract on testosterone tested
      in only two experiments was to depress it significantly by 43% after 4 hr and 45%
      after 6 days of treatment. The decrease in testosterone level following the
      decrease of its major precursor, cholesterol, is discussed.

PMID- 3387886
TI  - Changes in calcitonin secretion and in serum magnesium following adrenalectomy in
      rats.
AB  - The level of serum magnesium and also thyroid of calcitonin content was followed
      up in the conditions of adrenalectomy after hydrocortisone replacement as well as
      after calcium propranolol administration. Six days after adrenalectomy a
      significant decrease both of calcitonin secretion and of serum magnesium was
      noted. Hydrocortisone replacement reestablished the levels of both parameters to
      the levels found in controls. Adrenalectomy also reduced the calcitonin secretory
      response consequent to calcium loading, but calcium excess simultaneously
      determined hypermagnesemia. Propranolol, a beta blocker with direct action on the
      secretory tonus of the thyroid C cells, completely annulled the stimulation
      effect of calcium in adrenalectomized animals but not the hypermagnesemic
      response. The adrenocortical hormones interfere in the calcitonin-magnesium
      secretory antagonism, together with the sympathetic -adrenergic system, ensuring
      the secretory control of calcitonin especially by blocking the occurrence of an
      excess of magnesium which reduces calcitonin secretion.

PMID- 3387887
TI  - Significance of high levels of serum malonyl dialdehyde (MDA) and ceruloplasmin
      (CP) in hyper- and hypothyroidism.
AB  - The lipid peroxidation process is enhanced in both hyperoxygenated or
      underoxygenated tissues though its mechanism of production is different. Because
      in thyroid functional diseases there are severe disorders in tissue oxygenation
      we studied the lipid peroxidation process by using the serum level of
      malondialdehyde (MDA) as indicator. We also determined the serum ceruloplasmin
      (CP), an enzymatic protein belonging to the circulating system of antioxidative
      protection and also playing a role in the cell-mediated immunity. We also
      followed serum level of uric acid (UA). The determinations were performed on
      serum samples collected from three groups: 1, adult control subjects: 2. adult
      untreated hyperthyroid patients, and 3. adult hypothyroid thyroidectomized
      patients to whom replacement therapy was discontinued for at least 15 days. The
      mean MDA level was significantly higher in both hyperthyroid and hypothyroid
      patients by comparison to the control group. CP mean level was significantly
      lower than in controls. It was concluded that in post thyroidectomy
      hypothyroidism an enhancement of lipid peroxidation does exist and that its
      consequences are probably aggravated by the low serum CP level. The enhancement
      of the process occurs by other mechanisms than for hyperthyroid group. At
      hypothyroid patients there is an ADP excess which is degenerated to xanthine, the
      substrate of xanthine oxidase resulting in toxic anion superoxide and UA. In
      contrast with hyperthyroid group, in hypothyroid patients we observed significant
      higher values of UA in comparison to the controls. The excess of MDA found in
      hyperthyroid patients is statistically significant, but its consequences are
      probably less severe because the serum CP is higher than normal, a rather
      expected finding for an autoimmune disease.

PMID- 3387888
TI  - Unusually large adrenal adenoma excreting unusually large amounts of androgen
      metabolites in urine.
AB  - A 27-yr female patient was admitted to the hospital because of secondary
      amenorrhea and a severe and complex virilization syndrome. The urinary 17-Ks, 17
      OHCS and testosterone glucuronide values were greatly increased. The plasma
      testosterone through very high, was within the normal limits in males (3.52
      ng/ml). Urography, echography and CT scan revealed a large right adrenal tumor.
      Removal of the tumor brought about a considerable clinical improvement:
      reoccurrence of the menstrual cycle, a progressive decrease in the virilization
      syndrome and normalization of the urinary 17-Ks, 17-OHCS and of the plasma
      testosterone.

PMID- 3387889
TI  - Distribution of Campylobacter pylori in the human stomach obtained at postmortem.
AB  - The distribution of Campylobacter pylori, its prevalence, and its relationship to
      gastritis and urease activity have been studied in 54 postmortem stomachs.
      Infection was confirmed by finding C. pylori in a Gram-stained smear of gastric
      mucus harvested from the entire stomach. Eight tissue specimens were obtained
      from predetermined sites from each stomach and examined for histologic gastritis
      and urease activity. Thirty-seven per cent of stomachs were infected, and of
      these 80% had widespread histologic gastritis. The detection of urease activity
      provided information on the distribution of the organism and had a high
      correlation with histologic gastritis. The organism is capable of infecting any
      area of the stomach. Infection is common and is more prevalent in Polynesian
      subjects (60%) than in Caucasians (19%).

PMID- 3387890
TI  - The postcholecystectomy syndrome: bile ducts as pain trigger zone.
AB  - Sixty-five non-icteric patients presumed to have the postcholecystectomy syndrome
      (PCS) were followed up for 4-13 years after their first endoscopic retrograde
      cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) examination, which gave normal findings. All
      patients, however, experienced severe pain on injection of only 1-2 ml of
      contrast medium over 5-10 sec into the common bile duct (CBD). Thirty-four of the
      65 patients were found to have true PCS on long-term follow-up studies, whereas
      31 of them had other diseases. A second ERCP also showed normal results, and the
      injection-related pain was preceded by an abnormal pressure rise in the CBD at
      manometry. The CBD acted like a pain trigger zone, and the pain reaction might be
      diagnostic in everyday clinical practice. In conclusion, ultrasonography is an
      adequate diagnostic method in non-obstructive PCS. Medical treatment is often
      successful. ERCP and interventional treatment should be reserved for patients
      with obstructive symptoms and for patients in whom all medical treatment has
      failed.

PMID- 3387891
TI  - Fecal free and conjugated bile acids and neutral sterols in vegetarians,
      omnivores, and patients with colorectal cancer.
AB  - Increased excretion and intestinal bacterial metabolism of bile acids and neutral
      sterols have been suggested to be associated with an increased risk of colorectal
      cancer. We determined fecal neutral sterol and bile acid profiles by new
      capillary column gas-liquid chromatographic methods in 18 patients with
      colorectal cancer, 10 omnivores, and 10 vegetarians. The methods also determine
      concentrations of esterified neutral sterols and saponifiable bile acids formed
      by intestinal bacterial action. Patients with colorectal cancer had the highest
      concentrations of neutral animal sterols, the lowest degree of esterification of
      neutral sterols, the lowest relative amount of saponifiable bile acids, and the
      highest concentrations of unconjugated primary bile acids. These differences were
      statistically significant (p less than 0.05) and more profound when the patients
      were compared with vegetarians than with omnivores. Since epidemiologic studies
      suggest that vegetarians have a lower risk of colorectal cancer than omnivores,
      these differences are discussed as possible risk factors for colorectal cancer.

PMID- 3387892
TI  - Colonic diverticulosis in patients with colorectal cancer and in controls.
AB  - The barium enemas of 119 patients with colorectal cancer and 119 age-matched
      controls were examined for evidence of diverticula. Amongst men, 39.6% of
      patients with colorectal cancer had diverticulosis, compared with 50% in the
      control group. In the women, 39.3% of patients with colorectal cancer had
      diverticular disease, compared with 36% of the controls. There appears to be no
      significant aetiologic association between the two conditions, since they do not
      occur together more frequently than in controls, although each is reputedly the
      result of fibre lack.

PMID- 3387893
TI  - Increased plasma levels of peptide YY in coeliac disease.
AB  - Peptide YY (PYY) is exclusively localized in endocrine cells in the gut, and
      these cells are most numerous in the distal small intestine, colon, and rectum.
      We have earlier shown that PYY coexists with enteroglucagon in the gut endocrine
      cells. High basal and postprandial plasma enteroglucagon concentrations have
      earlier been found in patients with untreated coeliac disease. PYY circulates in
      human plasma and is detectable in most healthy adults. We have therefore studied
      the basal PYY levels in patients with coeliac disease. Marked elevated basal
      plasma PYY levels were found in patients with coeliac disease compared with an
      age- and sex-matched control group. The PYY levels were inversely correlated to
      the concentration of folate acid in serum. The PYY levels were studied in four
      patients with newly diagnosed disease and had normalized within 8 months on a
      gluten-free diet.

PMID- 3387894
TI  - Changes of immunoglobulin concentrations in the bile after proximal gastric
      vagotomy in rats.
AB  - We have investigated the influence of proximal gastric vagotomy in rats (PGV) on
      the immunoglobulin concentration in the serum, bile, and intestinal fluid. Clear
      differences for serum IgA were noted: after PGV, rats had 1.5 mg/ml IgA in
      contrast to only 0.25 mg/ml in sham-operated controls. The other serum
      immunoglobulins remained unchanged. Bile immunoglobulins were elevated in PGV
      rats with regard to IgA, IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b. In addition, PGV rats had higher
      IgA, IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b concentrations in the intestinal fluid than controls.
      An explanation for these high Ig concentrations in the secretions might be the
      challenge by intestinal (microbial) antigens and, perhaps, mucosal inflammation
      with changes in the permeability. Indications for the former were the increase in
      the number of bacteria after PGV.

PMID- 3387895
TI  - Carcinoma of the stomach and its heredity in young patients.
AB  - The clinical and histopathologic characteristics of gastric carcinoma in young
      patients (less than 40 years old) were studied retrospectively. The carcinoma was
      of the diffuse type in 94% of the young patients, and typical features were poor
      prognosis, an equal sex ratio, and a strong association with blood group A. The
      family histories of the young patients were studied. There was a highly
      significant (p less than 0.001) overrepresentation of gastric cancer in the
      parents of the index cases. In four instances (13%) the findings were compatible
      with hereditary cancer. One of the patients belonged to a cancer family syndrome
      (CFS) kindred. The CFS is an autosomal, dominantly inherited trait for
      adenocarcinomas is well documented. It seems, on the basis of the present study,
      that CFS should also be added to the list of genetic risk factors for gastric
      carcinoma. The high incidence of familial cases indicates the importance of
      studying the family history of every patient with abdominal symptoms.

PMID- 3387896
TI  - Splenic release of amino acids in man assessed by arterial and venous blood
      sampling in situ.
AB  - The splenic arteriovenous differences in plasma amino acid concentrations were
      assessed in situ by peroperative sampling in 11 patients undergoing splenectomy
      because of benign and malignant hematologic diseases. The total difference was
      about 250 mumol/l, which suggests that the spleen contributes about 11 mumol/100
      g spleen/min of amino acids to the portal vein. This means that the liver
      extraction of amino acids may be at least 10% greater than previously believed.

PMID- 3387897
TI  - Vagal influence on cholecystokinin and neurotensin release in conscious dogs.
AB  - Cholecystokinin (CCK) release in seven conscious dogs was investigated by means
      of modified sham feeding. After sham feeding mean CCK concentrations rose from a
      basal value of 1.0 +/- 0.2 pmol/l to a peak value of 2.4 +/- 0.3 pmol/l (p less
      than 0.005). The release in response to sham feeding amounted to half of that
      seen after normal feeding. Atropine significantly altered CCK output after sham
      feeding (basal, 1.0 +/- 0.2 pmol/l; peak 1.3 +/- 0.3 pmol/l). Sham feeding did
      not affect neurotensin release. It is concluded that an important cephalic phase
      of CCK release exists which seems to be dependent on a cholinergic mechanism.

PMID- 3387898
TI  - Pancreatic atrophy follows bile-induced acute pancreatitis in the rat.
AB  - The late course of bile-induced acute experimental pancreatitis was studied in
      alcoholic and non-alcoholic rats. Addition of alcohol to the drinking water did,
      however, not influence any of the factors (see below) studied. Six hours after
      induction of pancreatitis the animals displayed a sixfold increase of S-amylase
      levels. The late mortality in the whole group of animals was 19% after 6 weeks
      and 71% after 12 weeks. Rats surviving 6 weeks had a marked reduction of
      pancreatic wet weight and of pancreatic protein, amylase, phospholipase A2, and S
      glucose as compared with healthy controls. S-amylase was similar in all groups
      studied after 6 weeks. At light microscopy similar changes were seen after 6 and
      12 weeks--that is, extensive atrophy of the exocrine pancreas with preserved
      islets of Langerhans. Only slight fibrosis and slight increase of inflammatory
      cells were seen, and no protein plugs were detected. The normal liver
      architecture was generally preserved, but pancreatic rats showed various degrees
      of bile duct proliferation. Although the morphologic findings do not correspond
      well with those seen in human chronic pancreatitis, we feel that they represent
      an integrated late phenomenon of the bile-induced pancreatitis per se, even
      though partial obstruction of the bile-pancreatic duct may be a co-factor.

PMID- 3387899
TI  - Psychosocial and childhood factors in essential dyspepsia. A case-control study.
AB  - A subgroup of patients with endoscopically diagnosed non-ulcer dyspepsia have no
      definite cause for their symptoms, termed essential dyspepsia; such patients have
      been considered to have 'nervous dyspepsia'. To determine whether social and
      environmental factors are of importance, both in childhood (before the onset of
      symptoms) and in adult life, 109 patients with essential dyspepsia and 109
      randomly selected dyspepsia-free community controls (matched for age, sex, and
      one measure of social grade-suburb of residence) were studied. Socioeconomic
      status, marital status, childhood environment, family structure, and migration
      were measured. An increased risk of essential dyspepsia was associated with one
      aspect of social status incongruity; compared with controls, patients had a lower
      occupational status than their place of residence indicated (OR = 2.3; 95% CI,
      1.5-3.5). There was a trend for patients to report an unhappy childhood (OR =
      2.4; 95% CI, 0.9-6.7). Being unmarried, undergoing parental separation during
      childhood, the patient's age at parental separation, the number of siblings,
      birth order, country of birth, and years of residence were not significantly
      associated with essential dyspepsia. The importance of psychosocial and childhood
      factors in essential dyspepsia is probably small.

PMID- 3387900
TI  - Campylobacter pylori in peptic ulcer disease. III. Symptoms and paraclinical and
      epidemiologic findings.
AB  - Only a few publications have dealt with the subjective symptoms, the paraclinical
      findings, or the epidemiology in relation to cultivation of C. pylori. Seventy
      two patients answered a questionnaire containing questions about symptoms,
      dietary habits, smoking, and animal contact. C. pylori was cultivated from the
      biopsy specimens of 41 of these patients, and 31 were culture-negative. In
      addition, leukocyte count, differential count, and blood immunoglobulins were
      measured. In many culture-positive patients a variation in symptoms during the
      year was found, and symptoms had lasted more than 5 years. This was statistically
      significant for non-ulcer patients. In addition, we found initial abdominal pain
      and present vomiting to be significant features, but they did not seem to have
      any clinical significance. Unlike Marshall & Warren, we did not find ructus to be
      related to infections with C. pylori. In all other respects we found no
      differences between culture-negative and culture-positive patients. It was not
      possible to detect any descriptive variables in patients with C. pylori
      infections.

PMID- 3387901
TI  - Prevalence of Campylobacter pylori in an unselected Swedish population of
      patients referred for gastroscopy.
AB  - A survey of the prevalence of Campylobacter pylori in an unselected series of 117
      patients referred for gastroscopy showed that 49.6% of the patients were
      infected. In 87% of infected patients both the antrum and the body of the stomach
      were involved. Duodenal infection occurred in only 9% of 102 studied patients. C.
      pylori could usually be demonstrated in mucosa showing signs of active chronic
      inflammation, whereas it was rarely found in histologically normal mucosa. The
      acridine orange staining method for demonstration of bacilli correlated well with
      bacteriology; identical results were obtained in 92.8% of the samples.

PMID- 3387902
TI  - The diagnostic value of computerized short-term oesophageal pH-monitoring in
      suspected gastro-oesophageal reflux.
AB  - In 109 consecutive patients suspected of having gastro-oesophageal reflux (GOR) a
      3.5-h pH-monitoring in the oesophagus was performed during the daytime. The data
      were stored in a portable recording system, and three different variables (mean
      pH, mean acid clearance rate, and number of spikes) were calculated. Compared
      with a combined endoscopic-histologic score for the diagnosis of oesophagitis,
      assumed to be due to GOR, the 3.5-h pH-monitoring had a sensitivity of 85% and a
      specificity of 81%. The data suggest that the short-term pH-monitoring is almost
      as accurate as the traditional 24-h pH-monitoring and more convenient both for
      the patient and the gastroenterologic unit.

PMID- 3387903
TI  - Identical 24-hour gastric pH profiles when using intragastric antimony or glass
      electrodes or aspirated gastric juice.
AB  - Intragastric pH was continuously measured over 24 h with a monocrystalline
      antimony electrode system and was compared with pH measured in simultaneously
      aspirated gastric juice and with pH measured by using a conventional intragastric
      glass electrode. There was a marked correlation between the pH readings obtained
      with the monocrystalline antimony electrode and the pH values measured in
      aspirated gastric juice (r = 0.92, p less than 0.001) and with the pH readings
      obtained with the intragastric glass electrode (r = 0.92, p less than 0.001).
      Both readings of pH with glass electrode and of pH after aspiration can be
      predicted by readings of pH with antimony electrode by using linear regression
      lines with slopes close to 1. Intragastric pH measurement is an alternative to
      aspiration of gastric juice, and the result obtained with an electrode of
      monocrystalline antimony is comparable to that obtained with a conventional glass
      electrode.

PMID- 3387904
TI  - Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction in patients with extensive bowel resection
      for Crohn's disease.
AB  - We report three cases of severe chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction after
      extensive bowel resection for Crohn's disease. The patients retained less than or
      equal to 150 cm jejunum in continuity with the left half of the colon and had no
      evidence of inflammatory activity in the remaining bowel. Total parenteral
      nutrition was required, since even very small meals caused abdominal distention,
      pain, and vomiting. Two patients had a sigmoidostomy constructed, which
      alleviated the symptoms and enabled a normal oral intake, but only temporarily in
      one of the patients. Even with a sigmoidostomy the patients needed supplementary
      parenteral nutrition because of severe malabsorption with high stomal output.

PMID- 3387905
TI  - Zinc in sperm chromatin and chromatin stability in fertile men and men in barren
      unions.
AB  - The stability and the content of zinc of the chromatin were studied in
      spermatozoa from ten men with unexplained infertility, and in spermatozoa from
      five fertile donors. A positive relation was found between zinc in sperm nuclei
      (X-ray microanalysis) and the resistance of the chromatin to decondense in sodium
      dodecylsulfate (SDS). The infertile men had lower degree of sperm chromatin
      stability and lower sperm zinc content than the fertile donors. A subgroup of the
      infertile men, which all had minor clinical signs of prostatic inflammatory
      reaction, had the lowest content of zinc in the chromatin and the lowest degree
      of chromatin stability. A low content of nuclear zinc would impair the structural
      stability of the chromatin and thereby increase the vulnerability of the male
      genome. This mechanism may be one explanation for the reduced fertility of the
      men with minor inflammation of the prostate.

PMID- 3387906
TI  - Depressed testosterone release from testicular tissue in vitro after withdrawal
      of oestrogen treatment in patients with prostatic carcinoma.
AB  - Bilateral orchiectomy was performed in patients with prostatic carcinoma after
      oestrogen treatment for different periods of time. Testicular slices were
      incubated in vitro to examine the effect of previous oestrogen treatment on
      testosterone production. After short-term treatment, the testicular tissue
      responded to human chorionic gonadotrophin by testosterone production. This was
      in contrast to long-term administration of oestrogen which induced arrest of
      testosterone synthesis. The results suggest irreversible changes of Leydig cell
      function after long-term oestrogen treatment.

PMID- 3387907
TI  - Irrigating fluid absorption and blood loss during transurethral resection of the
      prostate studied with a regular interval monitoring (RIM) method.
AB  - A method for the study of physiological events during transurethral resection of
      the prostate (TUR) is described. Measurements of volumetric irrigating fluid
      balance, blood loss, central venous pressure (CVP) as well as blood haemoglobin
      and serum levels of sodium and glycine were performed at 10-min intervals. This
      regular interval monitoring (RIM) method offers the possibility to
      retrospectively correlate changes that occur during TUR at discrete time
      intervals. In 20 patients undergoing TUR, irrigating fluid absorption occurred
      throughout the procedure although the risk of having an absorption increased 30
      min after surgery commenced. Increase of blood loss coincided with intravascular
      but not with extravascular absorptions. If there was a rapid massive
      intravascular absorption of about 500 ml/10 min, the CVP increased greater than 2
      mmHg. The total intraoperative blood loss was not greater in patients with large
      absorption volumes. RIM will detect absorption greater than the urine excretion
      in any given period of time. If absorption occurs during a limited time of the
      TUR, RIM allows a partial correction for the urinary excretion in the volumetric
      fluid balance.

PMID- 3387908
TI  - Asymptomatic bacteriuria--a long-term study.
AB  - Four percent of the women in a population study 1969-1970 had asymptomatic
      bacteriuria (ABU). 15 years later a reinvestigation was carried out, in women
      born 1913-1948. 40 women with ABU and 40 age-matched healthy controls from the
      population study participated. The frequency of symptomatic urinary tract
      infections (UTI) had been significantly higher in the ABU group than in the
      control group during follow-up, but nobody had developed progressive renal
      disease. Three women in the ABU group and one in the control group had low urine
      concentrating capacity. All other osmolality values were within normal limits,
      although there was a significant difference between the two groups. The age
      dependent decrease after 15 years was the same in both groups. The number of new
      hypertensives was the same in both groups. A total of 37.5% were hypertensive in
      the ABU group and only 12.5% in the control group, but as hypertension had been
      excluded in the control group at the first investigation the groups could not be
      compared in this respect.

PMID- 3387909
TI  - Low urinary calcium excretion in Bartter's syndrome.
AB  - The urinary calcium excretion has been determined in 19 patients with Bartter's
      syndrome and found to be significantly lower than the calcium excretion in 92
      healthy subjects (1.16 +/- 0.82 vs. 4.36 +/- 2.71 mmol/24 h, p less than 0.001).
      There were no differences in height, weight, glomerular filtration rate, urinary
      sodium excretion or serum calcium concentration between the patients and the
      control subjects to account for the disparity in calcium excretion. In the
      patients, the concentrations for ionized calcium, PTH, 25-OH vitamin D and 1,25
      (OH)2 vitamin D were normal. A low urinary calcium excretion appears to be a
      characteristic feature of Bartter's syndrome. The cause remains unexplained.

PMID- 3387910
TI  - Renal angiography may be used primarily in the diagnosis of renovascular
      hypertension.
AB  - Three hundred and twenty consecutive patients with hypertension were referred to
      examination with intravenous urography. Only 2 of the 320 urograms performed
      showed abnormalities possibly related to hypertension. Renal angiography was
      performed in 39 (12%) of the patients. Seventeen (7%) subjects had renal artery
      stenosis, of whom 8 (2.5%) were referred to surgery. Four became normotensive and
      the other 4 had a more treatable hypertension. Urography is an expensive and
      insensitive method for evaluation of patients with hypertension and should be
      abandoned. Proper treatment of renovascular hypertension demands the performance
      of renal angiography. We therefore suggest a program for primary use of renal
      angiography in the examination of patients with suspected renovascular
      hypertension.

PMID- 3387911
TI  - Tissue calcification and alkaline phosphatase activity in uraemic rats.
AB  - The activity and localization of alkaline phosphatase activity (AP) in aorta and
      heart, and the incidence of calcifications in aorta, heart and kidney as well as
      cardial fibrosis were studied in uraemic rats treated with 1,25
      dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25-DCHH) and Nifedipine. 1,25-DHCC treatment elevated
      the serum Ca x P product and aggravated the development of renal and aortic
      calcifications and cardial fibrosis. Nifedipine did not protect against
      calcifications, but decreased the incidence of cardial fibrosis. The activity of
      AP was increased in the thoracic aorta in uraemia independent of 1,25-DHCC or
      Nifedipine treatment or presence of calcification. No changes of the AP activity
      were found in the heart.

PMID- 3387912
TI  - Classification of patients subjected to extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.
AB  - A simple system is described for classification of patients with urolithiasis
      treated with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). According to the size
      and number of concrements in each kidney the patients were subgrouped in six
      different ESWL-types (A-F). The main purpose was thereby to be able to
      discriminate between different stone situations regarding the need for resources
      and to evaluate the therapeutic results in an appropriate way. Of 709 patients
      treated with ESWL during the first year, 2% were of ESWL-type A, 46% of type B,
      24% of type C, 16% of type D, 5% of type E, and 7% of type F. There was a good
      relationship between ESWL-type, number of shock waves and duration of the
      treatment session, number of ESWL-sessions, and duration of hospital stay. With
      knowledge of the ESWL-type distribution in a group of patients with urolithiasis
      this classification provides a basis for estimates of treatment capacity and
      required number of beds. With a weekly capacity of 24 treatments the required
      number of beds usually varied between 20 and 25. The hospital stay varied between
      2 and 35 days, with the longest hospital stay recorded for patients belonging to
      ESWL-type E undergoing a combined procedure with percutaneous surgery, ESWL, and
      often irrigation with hemiacidrin. The presented system for classification might
      be a useful tool for planning, organization and assessment of renal stone
      treatment based on ESWL.

PMID- 3387913
TI  - Infertility due to congenital communication between vas deferens and refluxing
      triplicated ureter: successful insemination with sperm retrieved from urine. A
      case report.
AB  - A rare congenital malformation consisting of ectopic opening of the vas deferens
      into the fused segment of a refluxing triplicated ureter (trifid ureter) in an
      azoospermic man is described. Sperm were found in urine voided after ejaculation.
      Artificial insemination with sperm recovered from alkalinized urine resulted in
      pregnancy.

PMID- 3387914
TI  - Schizophrenia, civil liberties, and the law.
AB  - During the past 10 years, extensive studies have shown that schizophrenia is a
      true biological illness. Like diabetes and hypertension, it cannot be cured as
      yet, but it often can be controlled by medication. Schizophrenia, therefore, is
      not a hopeless condition, and many sufferers who receive proper treatment can
      lead productive lives. The stigma attached to schizophrenia will disappear, and
      the resistance to the proper use of drugs will also cease when a change comes
      about in the way schizophrenia is perceived in the United States. Meanwhile, the
      unique tragedy of schizophrenia lies in the fact that victims often cannot
      recognize their illness, refuse treatment, and throw away their lives. The
      question becomes: Is court-mandated treatment indicated when persons are severely
      disabled, lack the capacity to make informed decisions, and will suffer mental
      and physical deterioration if treatment is not given?

PMID- 3387915
TI  - First person account: schizophrenia through a sister's eyes--the burden of
      invisible baggage.
AB  - In this essay, I give a detailed account of the impact my older brother's
      schizophrenia has had on my life, describing our changing relationship from
      childhood through adolescence and early adulthood. I attempt to analyze and
      understand the emotional separation from my brother that has been necessary to my
      survival and personal growth, as well as experiencing the deep sense of loss and
      sorrow that has accompanied that separation.

PMID- 3387916
TI  - Magnetic resonance brain images in schizophrenic and normal subjects: influence
      of diagnosis and education.
AB  - Evidence from computerized tomography (CT) suggests that schizophrenic patients
      may have smaller brains than normal subjects. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),
      which produces more clearly defined images than CT, was used to measure T1 and
      brain size of 24 schizophrenic and 24 normal subjects matched for age and sex but
      not for education. Two transverse images were obtained: slice 1 at the foramina
      of Monro and slice 2 at the widest part of the lateral ventricles. Adequate T1
      instrumental reliability could not be demonstrated. Schizophrenic subjects had
      smaller right hemispheres (slice 1) and smaller frontal areas (slice 2) than
      normal subjects. However, when education was taken into account, only the left
      frontal area (slice 2) was smaller in schizophrenic than in normal subjects.
      Larger brain areas were associated with better cognitive test scores and fewer
      neurological signs. Cranial and body size were similar in both diagnostic groups.

PMID- 3387917
TI  - Cognitive deficits and thought disorder: a retest study.
AB  - Manic (n = 26), schizophrenic (n = 26), and normal (n = 25) subjects were
      examined with a digit span distraction task and with a reality monitoring task.
      All subjects were tested twice at a 4-day interval, and a clinical assessment of
      thought disorder was conducted both times on the patients. We found that reality
      monitoring, distraction task performance, and clinical thought disorder were all
      quite stable at the retest interval. We further found that different patterns of
      correlational relationships between cognitive deficits and positive and negative
      thought disorders were present in the manic and schizophrenic samples. When we
      conducted a cross-temporal analysis of our data, we found that no cognitive
      deficits in mania predicted the severity of positive thought disorder over time,
      although the severity of thought disorder predicted distraction performance over
      time. In the schizophrenic subjects, distraction performance, but not reality
      monitoring, exerted a significant cross-temporal influence on positive thought
      disorder.

PMID- 3387918
TI  - Transiently increased insulin-like growth factor I immunoreactivity in tendons
      after vibration trauma. An immunohistochemical study on rats.
AB  - The hind limbs of anaesthetized rats were exposed to vibration trauma (81 Hz;
      amplitude peak to peak 0.50 mm) for 4 hours during 2 consecutive days. The
      animals were examined in groups of 4 immediately after the last exposure, and
      after 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14 and 28 days. The Achilles tendons and the tendons of
      the anterior tibialis muscles were sampled and processed to demonstrate IGF-I
      immunoreactivity. In the normal Achilles tendon and in the tendon of the anterior
      tibial muscle, slight IGF-I immunoreactivity was seen in many of the long slender
      fibroblasts between the collagen bundles. A strong increase in the IGF-I
      immunoreactivity appeared in the anterior tibialis muscle tendon 3 days after the
      last vibration exposure. In addition, the tendon fibroblasts became hypertrophic.
      A similar but less striking increase in IGF-I immunoreactivity appeared in the
      Achilles tendon. The peak intensity and frequency of stained cells were achieved
      after 7 days for both tendons. The intensity then levelled off, and was
      normalized after 28 days. It is concluded that acute exposure to vibrations
      induces reactive changes in fibroblasts in tendons, which may reflect a change to
      a more active synthesising state, as a response to the vibration trauma. The
      transiently altered expression of IGF-I immunoreactivity forms a link in a chain
      of events regulating the functional activity level of fibroblasts in response to
      a trauma.

PMID- 3387919
TI  - The step technique for the reconstruction of lower lip defects after cancer
      resection. A follow-up study of 165 cases.
AB  - One hundred and sixty-five patients with localized cancer of the lower lip were
      excised and reconstructed over a 25-year period using Bengt Johanson's step
      technique. Eight-eight percent of the tumors were less than 2 cm in size and 65%
      were of high histopathological differentiation. Fifty-six percent were
      reconstructed with bilateral step flaps. Nine local recurrences appeared in 5
      patients, none of whom died of lip cancer. Eight patients later developed
      regional metastases and 3 of these patients died of lip cancer. The 5-year
      survival rate was 98%. The step technique is recommended for reconstruction of
      lip defects of up to 2/3 of the lower lip and may, in larger resections, be
      combined with either a fan flap or an Estlander flap. The outstanding functional
      results are due to the use of adjacent tissue for the reconstruction which
      preserves the normal arrangement of muscles, vessels and nerves.

PMID- 3387920
TI  - Changes in mineral content, mineral deposition and vascular supply of the
      mandible after osteotomy.
AB  - Circulatory and skeletal damage in the form of a vertical osteotomy of the
      mandible, proximal to the entry of the inferior alveolar artery and mandibular
      perforantes, alone or in combination with unilateral or bilateral mucoperiosteal
      reflections were undertaken on young growing rats. Changes in mineral content and
      mineral deposition in the hard tissues of the mandibles were studied using
      microradiography and by labelling with tetracycline and lead acetate.
      Microangiography was performed to evaluate changes in the vascular supply.
      Resorption of the compact bone was seen in the central part of the compact bone,
      in the lower border of the mandible and in the incisal part of the alveolar bone.
      There was resorption of the cementum and dentin in the molar teeth. Remodelling
      processes were seen in the compact bone starting from vascular channels and on
      the surface of the bone trabeculae, ten days after osteotomy. Microangiography
      revealed that there is a collateral vascular system existing across the midline
      via the symphysis region, via submucosal tissue, via the mucoperiosteal pedicle
      to the inferior border of the mandible and via the network of small vessels in
      the periodontal membrane. It was concluded that the circulation to the peripheral
      parts of the mandible could in part be kept up by a retrograde flow in the
      collateral systems when the main circulation had ceased.

PMID- 3387921
TI  - Quantitation of blood flow in the rat mandible after vertical osteotomy.
AB  - Vertical osteotomies were performed in the mandibles of rats and combined with
      elevations of the buccal or bilateral mucoperiosteal pedicles. Isotope
      fractionation and particle distribution were used to measure blood flow in the
      distal and proximal segments of the mandible, the masseter muscle and the
      submandibular gland. Average decrease in blood flow ranged from 9-39% in the
      distal segment and from 8-24% in the proximal segment. Decrease in blood flow was
      most pronounced when bilateral mucoperiosteal pedicles were performed. Blood flow
      in the masseter muscle increased by 16-26% after osteotomy with mucoperiosteal
      elevations.

PMID- 3387922
TI  - Effects of hyperbaric oxygen treatment in post-ischemic muscle. A quantitative
      morphological study.
AB  - In the post-ischemic muscle, hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatments have been shown
      to reduce post-ischemic edema and enhance aerobic metabolism. In the present
      paper histological, histochemical and ultrastructural methods were used to study
      the influences of HBO treatment on the morphology of post-ischemic skeletal
      muscle. The changes were also quantified using morphometry. The circulation of
      the rat hindlimb was interrupted for 3 hours and muscle biopsies were taken 5 and
      12 hours post-ischemia. Light microscopy showed signs of ischemic changes in the
      muscle. Morphometrically, the area with activity of the muscle enzyme
      phosphorylase was greatly reduced post-ischemia. HBO treatment at 2.5 atmospheres
      of absolute pressure (ATA) for 45 min significantly increased muscle cross
      sectional area with a positive phosphorylase reaction 5 hours post-ischemia.
      Three HBO treatments were necessary to maintain this effect, 12 hours post
      ischemia. Ultrastructurally, the ischemic changes seen using light microscopy
      were confirmed. Morphometrically, there was a significant increase of
      mitochondrial size in the ischemic muscle compared with the control uninjured
      muscle but HBO did not markedly reduce these ultrastructural changes. It was
      concluded that the reduction of phosphorylase activity, a sensitive marker for
      muscle cell damage, is to a great extent prevented by HBO treatment in the post
      ischemic phase.

PMID- 3387923
TI  - Features of maxillary arch and nasal cavity in infancy and their influence on
      deciduous occlusion in unilateral cleft lip and palate.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to test the statistical relationship between
      certain preoperative characteristics of the maxilla and nasal cavity and later
      occlusal development in patients born with complete unilateral cleft lip and
      palate. The sample consisted of 51 patients and 22 of them had undergone surgical
      treatment which included vomer flap and pushback palatal repair, while the
      remaining 29 patients were treated with a routine characterized by delayed
      closure of the hard palate. Twelve variables related to 4 different maxillary and
      nasal areas were recorded from maxillary casts and frontal cephalograms obtained
      in infancy. Crossbite scores and maxillary intercanine width were determined from
      dental casts taken at 3 years of age. Multiple linear regression analysis showed
      that the preoperative variables selected as predictors of maxillary development
      at the age of 3 did not explain more than half of the variation found in our
      subjects. Also, the predictors were not the same in the two surgical subgroups.
      To improve our ability to predict, further variables should be tested and, if
      possible, added to the regression formulae.

PMID- 3387924
TI  - Facial skeletal dimensions in patients with nasal septal deviation.
AB  - The anatomy and the concomitant function of the face seem to be reciprocal
      issues. Previous studies have shown that stenosis in the posterior part of the
      nose, hampering nasal air flow, is associated with a retrognathic face and a
      posterior rotation of the lower jaw, i.e. components of the adenoid syndrome. The
      present study examines facial cephalometric morphology in adults with a deviated
      nasal septal cartilage, i.e. an anteriorly positioned nasal stenosis. Compared to
      a group of unafflicted individuals, also with regard to rhinomanometric
      resistance, a significantly smaller posterior facial height, smaller height of
      the anterior nasal aperture, a posterior rotation of the lower jaw and a shorter
      nasal floor and ceiling were found. This may mean that growth of the nasal septal
      cartilage and growth of the surrounding skeletal areas are out of step. A
      relatively undersized skeletal frame, in the sagittal plane, may have led to the
      buckled non-fitting septal cartilage, with increased air flow resistance as a
      secondary effect. If this interpretation is correct, an early cautious surgical
      correction of the septal deviation, also balancing this growth incongruence,
      might be worth serious consideration.

PMID- 3387925
TI  - The one-stage surgical treatment of multilocated pressure sores using various
      myocutaneous island flaps.
AB  - Report on 32 patients suffering from chronical pressure sores (n = 18 solitary, n
      = 14 multilocated), Campbell stages IV-VI, overlaying sacral bone, ischial
      tuberosity and tuber femoris, which were treated by using various combinations of
      myocutaneous island flaps (uni- or bilaterally glutaeus maximus and/or biceps
      femoris flaps). Indications, operative procedures, perioperative management and
      follow-up results are presented. Superficial skin lesions (n = 2) and wound
      dehiscence (n = 1) appeared as temporary wound complications in the 14 patients
      with multilocated pressure sores. In all cases stable and durable coverage was
      achieved without any recurrence. The value of adequate rehabilitation in avoiding
      relapses is pointed out.

PMID- 3387926
TI  - Recurrence of surgically treated pressure sores.
AB  - During an 8-year period, 39 patients were referred to our department for surgical
      treatment of primary pressure sores. They were examined 2-12 years
      postoperatively in order to demonstrate the incidence of healing or the
      recurrence rate of pressure sores. Approximately 2/3 of the patients suffered
      from a neurological disability, inducing impaired sensitivity in the critical
      skin areas. In our follow-up it was found that 48% of the operated sores recurred
      -56% occurring in the patients with spinal cord lesions. 48 out of 66 sores
      healed, but several required more than one operation, and in one patient, as many
      as four operations had to be performed. The results achieved with
      musculocutaneous flaps were comparable to those reached by closure with cutaneous
      flaps. Flaps with intact sensitivity were not used. The time of hospitalization
      was quite long. As a rule, only one sore was treated at a time. Hence the cost of
      treatment for these patients is rather high, especially in view of the fact that
      every second patient will return displaying a new or recurrent pressure sore. It
      is, therefore most important to inform patients of the continuous risk of a
      relapse and to analyze his social and psychological environment. Especially,
      young, neurologically disabled patients need to be made aware of this. A patient
      treated surgically, whose sores have healed, must stay alert and well in order to
      avoid recurrence. A psychological study of the patient may be helpful when trying
      to indicate possible risk groups.

PMID- 3387928
TI  - Acute synovial rupture in scleroderma.

PMID- 3387927
TI  - Hand function after replantation or revascularization of upper extremity
      injuries. A follow-up study of 21 cases operated on 1979-1985 in Goteborg.
AB  - Twenty-one patients with revascularized/replanted amputated parts of the upper
      limb were studied for an evaluation of hand function. Two patients had been
      injured at the lower arm to wrist level, four between the wrist and MCP joint,
      three distal to the MCP joints in thumbs and/or fingers, and twelve in the thumb
      only. Hand function was measured as grip and pinch strength, range of movement
      (ROM), sensibility (two point discrimination), and Sollerman test score. Cold
      sensitivity as related to circulatory changes in the replanted limb was evaluated
      in six patients using the critical opening test (COP). Twelve of 17 initiated
      replantations (71%), and 11 of 12 revascularizations (92%), were successful. Hand
      function was restricted in patients with amputations at the lower arm to wrist
      level, fair in replanted midhands, good, but with wide variations after
      replantations at the MCP or distal II-V fingers, and best of all in replanted
      thumbs. Sensibility was poor in a majority of the patients. Three out of six of
      the patients who were COP-tested had significantly reduced blood pressure in the
      replanted part. The test results (grip, ROM, Sollerman score) in three patients
      with amputated thumbs were not found to differ greatly from those with replanted
      thumbs. These results raise the question of whether the Sollerman test
      underestimates the importance of the thumb or whether the thumb is overestimated
      in hand function.

PMID- 3387929
TI  - The relation of radiographic changes to serum acute-phase proteins and rheumatoid
      factor in 200 patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Radiographic parameters in 200 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were
      correlated with laboratory parameters, including hemoglobin (Hb), erythrocyte
      sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), orosomucoid (OROS),
      immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgM, IgA, and rheumatoid factor (RF). CRP, OROS, and Hb
      showed a significant association with the severity and progress of radiographic
      parameters. ESR and WARO showed a significant association with the severity of
      radiographic parameters in late RA only. IgG, IgM, and IgA did not show any
      significant correlation with radiographic parameters.

PMID- 3387930
TI  - Activated monocytes induce arthritis-associated changes in mitochondria of
      cultured synovial fibroblasts.
AB  - We have recently shown that synovial fibroblasts cultured from patients with
      reactive or rheumatoid arthritis exhibit increased autofluorescence when compared
      with controls. Morphological studies suggested that this increase was related to
      the anomalous structure of mitochondria in cells cultured from rheumatoid or non
      rheumatoid inflammatory synovial tissue. The present study describes attempts to
      find an explanation for these observations. The effects of conditioned media of
      cultured mononuclear cells were tested on normal synovial fibroblasts.
      Conditioned media of monocytes stimulated with lipopolysaccharide or poly-IC
      induced an increase in the cellular autofluorescence and changes in the
      morphology of mitochondria in normal fibroblasts. These changes were
      indistinguishable from those seen in synovial fibroblasts cultured from various
      arthritides. Indomethacin or gold salts did not abolish the effects of monocyte
      conditioned media. Abnormal mitochondria could not be induced in the presence of
      cycloheximide. This study describes a new aspect of monocyte-fibroblast
      interactions during rheumatoid and non-rheumatoid inflammation of synovial
      tissue.

PMID- 3387931
TI  - Overt psychopathology in systemic lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 3387932
TI  - Hypothyroidism simulating polymyositis. Report of two cases.

PMID- 3387933
TI  - Focus score in sialolithiasis. A pitfall in differential diagnosis of Sjogren's
      syndrome.

PMID- 3387934
TI  - The Tromso Heart Study: responders and non-responders to a health questionnaire,
      do they differ?
AB  - In 1979-80, 21,329 subjects, 20-54 years old, were invited to a screening for
      coronary heart disease risk factors in Tromso. 16,621 (77%) attended the
      screening, the response rate was higher in women than in men, lower in single
      than married and lowest in young (20-29 years) men. At the screening, the men and
      women were given a second questionnaire which they were asked to fill in and
      return by mail. 14,667 (88.2%) of the subjects did so. Based on information
      obtained at the screening, the differences between these 14,667 subjects and the
      1954 men and women who failed to return the questionnaire are presented. 10.9% of
      the women did not return the questionnaire, the corresponding figure for men was
      12.6%. The differences in age, body mass index (kg/m2), blood lipids and blood
      pressure were minor or non-existent. The subjects who returned the questionnaire
      tended to be married, non-smokers and report respiratory symptoms less often than
      non-responders.

PMID- 3387935
TI  - Alcohol consumption and complaints from the musculoskeletal system among engine
      drivers--an epidemiological study.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that a positive correlation
      exist between level of alcohol consumption and complaints from the
      musculoskeletal system. 150 randomly selected engine drivers from Sweden were
      interviewed about complaints from the musculoskeletal system during the last 12
      months. In this study the complaints from the neck, shoulders and lower back were
      investigated. An index counting number of regions with complaints was computed.
      The subjects were asked to report their level of alcohol consumption during the
      last month (beer, wine and spirits). The total alcohol consumption was calculated
      expressed in terms of 40% pure alcohol. The median consumption was 39.5 cl/month.
      The engine drivers reporting complaints from the neck had a significantly higher
      consumption of alcohol than those without such complaints. A positive significant
      correlation existed between the number of complaints (index) and alcohol
      consumption.

PMID- 3387936
TI  - Induced abortions and births. Changes in maternal age and parity in six counties,
      Norway, 1972-1981.
AB  - During the 1970s the abortion law changed twice in Norway. As of 1976 induced
      abortion was accepted on social indications, while abortion on womens' demand was
      introduced in 1979. This study presents age-specific abortion- and birth rates as
      well as age- and parity-specific abortion ratio from 1972-1981. From 1972 to 1974
      the number of induced abortions increased. Since then the general abortion rate
      has decreased. For all parity groups the number of pregnancies terminated by
      induced abortion increased during the first 3 years of the study. While
      nulliparous women showed a continuous increase in the abortion ratio throughout
      the study period, the abortion ratio for parous women has been relatively stable
      since 1975. Through the use of induced abortion nulliparous mothers postpone the
      birth of their first child. Therefore induced abortion contributes to an
      increasing maternal age at first child birth. The present study can support the
      hypothesis that multiparous women, among other means, have used induced abortion
      to establish the 2-child family norm during the 1970s.

PMID- 3387937
TI  - The AIDS epidemic in Sweden: changes in awareness, attitudes and behavior.
AB  - Questionnaire surveys concerning awareness, attitudes and beliefs about HIV virus
      and AIDS in Sweden were conducted in March/April of 1986, February/March of 1987,
      and May 1987. The number of individuals compared in the three surveys were 2,622,
      1,805 and 707 respectively. The surveys indicate that the general public views
      the AIDS epidemic with growing concern. They feel that researchers and public
      officials cannot effectively combat the problem. To a growing extent they feel
      that it is up to individuals to appropriately adapt their behavior if we are to
      slow the spread of the disease, and to a certain extent changes in sexual
      practices also seem to have happened. Changes in awareness, attitudes and beliefs
      have accelerated since the start in March, 1987 of the Swedish AIDS information
      campaign.

PMID- 3387938
TI  - AIDS epidemic ranked as "public enemy number one".

PMID- 3387939
TI  - Lung cancer incidence among Swedish bakers and pastrycooks: temporal variation.
AB  - In a cohort of Swedish bakers and pastrycooks, based on the census of 1960, 188
      male lung cancer cases, were reported to the national Cancer Registry 1961-79.
      The risk of lung cancer exceeded that of all men with 43% (confidence interval 23
      65%). After adjustment for smoking habits, using data from a sample of one
      percent of the Swedish population, the excess risk was reduced. There was a
      temporal variation in the relative risk, which decreased during the follow-up
      period in the younger birth cohorts but not in the older ones. Changes in smoking
      habits did not seem to explain the decreasing trend. The lung cancer risk did not
      differ significantly between employees and those self-employed in the cohort. To
      some extent these results confirm earlier findings concerning excess risks of
      lung cancer in bakers. The lowered risk in Sweden towards the end of the
      seventies, suggests that the problem is now of less importance.

PMID- 3387940
TI  - A study of the relationship between social network, perceived ill health and
      utilization of emergency care. A case-control study.
AB  - Several studies have shown that persons who repeatedly turn to somatic emergency
      departments, besides having ailments also often have social and psychological
      problems. It has also been shown that this group of patients differs from the
      general population and can be considered a psycho-socially exposed group. In the
      present study a group of recurrent users (4 + yearly visits) was compared to a
      group of first-time visitors to the general emergency department of a middlesized
      metropolitan hospital. Both patient groups were asked to complete a questionnaire
      that contained 45 items, covering socio-demographic and social network variables,
      social and personal problems, perceived state of health and contacts with other
      care-giving institutions. The results showed that the first-time visitors were
      significantly younger than the recurrent users, and more often actively employed.
      Only 2 percent of the first-time visitors developed a behaviour of recurrent use
      of the ED. The recurrent users were well-known at the hospital, not only in the
      emergency department but also at the out-patient clinics and the social work
      department. The multiple Odds ratio showed that alcohol abuse, lack of close
      friend, general health problems and deteriorating health were important risk
      factors for recurrent ED use. It is suggested that an individual treatment plan
      including medical, social and societal measures could be one alternative in an
      attempt to more efficiently treat these patients.

PMID- 3387941
TI  - Health careers--a method of health education at school for adolescents.
AB  - An innovative health education curriculum, "Health Careers", intended for
      adolescents leaving school, was evaluated using a quasi-experimental pre-/post
      control group design. The objective of the project was the modification of
      knowledge, attitudes and behaviour in relation to health. Attempts were made to
      counteract factors restricting the effect of traditional health education at
      school. Changes were estimated using questionnaires. Two types of schools were
      studied, schools A and B, student age averaged 17.3 years and 15.5 years,
      respectively. The number of students in the experimental groups was 220 and 112,
      respectively. At school B, in addition, 35 parents participated voluntarily in
      evening courses arranged by the project staff. Significant improvement was shown
      in two variables of a possible 60 at school A and in four variables at school B.
      Analysis by subgroups, however, demonstrated improvements in merely one variable
      at school B. It is evident that the innovative curriculum did not induce
      significant behavioural improvement in relation to health. Frame factors of the
      school--obligatory student participation and teacher role perception--may explain
      this outcome.

PMID- 3387942
TI  - A 20-year study of endocardial pacing lead EMT 588. Lead durability and nature of
      failure.
AB  - A report is presented of 1253 EMT 588 endocardial leads implanted in 1063
      patients. The electrode surface area was large (47 mm2) in the 473 leads
      implanted during 1962-1973, and small (8-12 mm2) in the 780 leads implanted in
      1974-1981. Replacement of 245 leads was necessary, in 187 cases due to lead
      failure and in 58 because of problems with normally functioning leads, such as
      infection. The highest lead failure rate occurred within the first 6 months after
      implantation, and was mostly caused by displacement and threshold increase. The
      dominating cause of late failure was lead lesion. The cumulative lead survival
      rates for the first and the second series were 88 and 94%, respectively after 1
      year, 80 and 91% after 5 years, and 72 and 84% after 9 years. The polyethylene
      insulation proved to be the most vulnerable part of this lead. Insulation lesions
      could result in corrosion and/or fracture of the steel conductors. The chronic
      thresholds were largely stable.

PMID- 3387943
TI  - Closed mitral valvotomy during pregnancy. A 20-year experience.
AB  - Closed mitral valvotomy for rheumatic mitral stenosis was performed on 126
      pregnant women (average duration of pregnancy c. 21 weeks), 91% of whom were in
      NYHA functional class III or IV. Associated functional tricuspid regurgitation
      was present in 47 (37%) of the women, and 102 (81%) had critical mitral stenosis
      (digitally assessed valve area less than 1 cm2). There was no surgical mortality.
      Postoperatively 84% of the women were in NYHA class I. Clinical evidence of
      pulmonary artery hypertension and tricuspid regurgitation regressed
      postoperatively in most patients. Full-term normal delivery was achieved in 82%
      of the pregnancies, with total fetal mortality 6%. There were no congenital
      abnormalities and the infants' progress was normal. At 5-year follow-up 86% of
      the women were in NYHA class I or II and at 10 years the figure was 60%. The
      restenosis rate was 2%/year and the late mortality 3.3%. Closed mitral valvotomy
      during pregnancy thus was safe and reliable, giving significant functional and
      clinical improvement without adversely affecting the fetus.

PMID- 3387944
TI  - Open mitral commissurotomy in pregnancy. A case report.
AB  - Correction of severe mitral stenosis by open commissurotomy during the second
      trimester of pregnancy is reported. The further course of the pregnancy was
      uneventful and at 34 weeks a healthy boy was vaginally delivered. Mother and
      child were in good health on discharge from hospital one month later.

PMID- 3387945
TI  - Pregnancy in patients with prosthetic cardiac valve. A 10-year experience.
AB  - Pregnancy after valve replacement has been considered hazardous because of
      maternal and fetal complications secondary to anticoagulant medication, in
      addition to basic myocardial problems. Of 229 females aged 15-45 years with
      prosthetic valve replacement, 37 (including 34 with Bjork-Shiley valve and
      anticoagulants) subsequently had a total of 47 pregnancies. Fullterm delivery of
      a normal infant was achieved in 40 cases. There were three premature births, two
      spontaneous abortions, one stillbirth and one ectopic pregnancy. The fetal
      mortality was 8.5%. Valve thrombosis developed in two cases, but surgical
      treatment was successful. Oral anticoagulants (acenocoumarin and dipyridamole)
      were continued throughout pregnancy. Heparin was substituted before labour began,
      but discontinued after delivery, when effective oral anticoagulation was resumed.
      Our experience showed that pregnancy in women with mechanical heart valve
      prosthesis and continued oral intake of anticoagulants is safe and successful in
      most cases.

PMID- 3387946
TI  - Risk factors in surgically treated mitral valve disease.
AB  - Risk factors for operative mortality and long term survival were identified in
      144 patients undergoing mitral valve replacement (MVR). The 3-year survival was
      77% at a median follow-up time of 3.01 years, including an early mortality of
      7.6%. Nineteen preoperative and perioperative variables were analysed by
      univariate and multivariate methods. The sole risk factor independently
      predictive of postoperative death was a poor functional class with a relative
      risk (RR) of 3.17 compared to patients with a better functional class.
      Independent risk factors of long term survival were; prior heart operation,
      presence of mitral regurgitation, age at operation and poor functional class.
      Estimation of the parameters of the Cox's model gave a predicted 3-year survival
      ranging from 95% to 11% for the most favourable and the less favourable risk
      factor combinations. Risk factors that affected late death were the presence of
      ischemic coronary etiology and poor functional class. Two modes of late death
      were identified each with its prognostic factor. The most common mode was cardiac
      related death, its sole risk factor was the presence of ischemic coronary
      etiology. The RR ratio was 3.2 for patients with ischemic coronary etiology,
      compared to patients with other etiologies. Sudden cardiac death was the next,
      its independent risk factor was the age at operation with increasing hazard for
      younger patients. The RR ratio was 8.55 for a 35-year-old patient compared to a
      60-year-old patient.

PMID- 3387947
TI  - Risk factors in surgically treated aortic and mitral valve disease.
AB  - Risk factors in simultaneous aortic and mitral valve replacement were studied in
      78 patients. Risk factors for early mortality, according to a stepwise logistic
      regression model, were male sex, concomitant heart surgery and prior valve
      replacement. For low-output syndrome, the major morbid event, the risk factors
      were endocarditic etiology, concomitant heart surgery and prior valve
      replacement. Survival curves were used to estimate univariate risk factors for
      total mortality. With a multivariate procedure, using the Cox regression model,
      two covariates were pin-pointed as independent prognostic factors in total
      mortality, viz. mitral regurgitation and concomitant heart surgery. The Cox model
      also showed the two covariates ischemic heart disease and endocarditic etiology
      to be risk factors in late mortality. Predicted 3-year survival was estimated
      with different combinations of these risk factors. The results were compared with
      earlier reports.

PMID- 3387948
TI  - Prediction of long-term complications associated with aortic valve prostheses. A
      10-17 year follow-up.
AB  - Long-term complications following implantation of aortic valve prosthesis were
      assessed in 139 patients who had survived greater than 30 postoperative days
      (maximum follow-up 17 years). Most of the prostheses were Starr-Edwards valves
      (38 silastic ball, SESB, and 96 cloth-covered, SECC). All patients received
      maintenance coumarin. The rate of thromboembolic complications was 1.6/100
      patient-years, without difference between SESB and SECC valves although there
      were no episodes with SESB from 6 years postoperatively. The overall rate of
      valve-related complications (VRC)--thromboembolism, hemorrhage, endocarditis, re
      replacement, etc.--was 4.2/100 patient-years. High preoperative cardiothoracic
      index (CTI) significantly increased the incidence of VRC. Preoperative NYHA class
      III-IV and high CTI similarly influenced the rate of serious VRC (= VRC excluding
      extremity emboli, epistaxis and subcutaneous bleeding). The valve-and-heart
      related morbidity (= VRC including myocardial infarction and pacemaker
      requirement) was also influenced by preoperative CTI. The long-term complications
      thus were not exclusively attributable to the prosthesis, but also to
      preoperative patient-related data.

PMID- 3387949
TI  - Surgical treatment of active valvular infective endocarditis.
AB  - A review is presented of 20 patients consecutively operated on for acute valvular
      endocarditis. The diagnosis was established from at least two of the criteria:
      (a) typical clinical features, (b) two blood cultures positive for the same
      causal microorganism, and (c) echocardiographic evidence of vegetations. In all
      cases there was histologic evidence of active infection in the surgical specimen.
      Only three of the 20 patients had no previous cardiac disease. The most common
      causal agent was Staphylococcus aureus. The indications for surgery were
      refractory cardiac failure or infection (18 and 2 cases, respectively). Aortic
      valve replacement was performed in 16 of the 20 cases, suggesting that aortic
      valvulopathy aggravates the course of infective endocarditis and increases the
      risk of heart failure. The overall mortality rate was 30%. All surviving patients
      were infection-free at postoperative bacteriologic follow-up. Surgery is
      considered to be the management of choice in active valvular, therapy-resistant
      bacterial endocarditis with or without cardiac failure.

PMID- 3387950
TI  - The effect of protamine sulfate on platelet function.
AB  - The adverse effects of protamine sulfate, used to neutralize the anticoagulant
      action of heparin, include systemic hypotension, pulmonary artery hypertension,
      thrombocytopenia and leukopenia. For further evaluation of protamine's mechanism
      of action, a three-part investigation was performed. In part I platelet-rich
      plasma (PRP) was prepared from canine blood samples (n = 6) taken before and 2
      minutes after injection of protamine. In part II human PRP (n = 5) was
      preincubated with protamine or distilled water. Adenosine diphosphate-induced
      aggregation of protamine-treated platelets was unchanged, but thrombin-induced
      aggregation was inhibited in both canine and human preparations (p less than
      0.05). In part III thrombocytopenia was produced in splenectomized dogs (n = 5),
      using microporous filters, to 4.5-8.4% of the initial platelet count. Protamine
      reversal of the heparinization caused hypotension (maximally -29 mmHg 90 s after
      protamine), but not pulmonary arterial hypertension. Leukopenia developed before
      additional thrombocytopenia appeared. Protamine-platelet interaction inhibits
      thrombin-induced platelet aggregation. Platelets may play an important role in
      the pulmonary pressure rise during protamine reversal, but do not mediate the
      systemic hypotension.

PMID- 3387951
TI  - Surgical management of thoracic anomalies in infants. Respiratory-tract
      malformations, congenital chylothorax and mediastinal masses.
AB  - The clinical presentation and surgical treatment of thoracic anomalies-
      developmental malformations of the respiratory tract, congenital chylothorax or
      mediastinal masses--in 15 infants are reported. The age range at operation was 2
      weeks to 8 months. The diagnoses were lobar emphysema (3 cases), bronchogenic
      cyst (3), cystic adenomatoid malformation (1), enteric duplication (2),
      hyperplastic thymus (2), neuroblastoma (1), chylothorax (1), cystic
      lymphangiectasia (1) and tracheal stenosis (1). The most common symptom was
      respiratory embarrassment, with acute development in half of the cases. The
      diagnosis could be established or suspected from chest radiography in 14 of the
      15 infants. All were submitted to thoracotomy. None died postoperatively, but
      three had major complications. At postoperative follow-up 13 of 14 patients were
      free from respiratory symptoms.

PMID- 3387952
TI  - Clinicopathologic studies on mesothelioma of the pleura. Differentiated approach
      to treatment.
AB  - A surgical series of 23 patients with pleural mesothelioma is reviewed. Three who
      had benign localized mesothelioma of fibrous type are alive and well at least 10
      years postoperatively. In two others, radically extirpated localized mesothelioma
      was histologically classified as benign, but later proved to be malignant,
      causing death from recurrent disease 27 and 79 months postoperatively. Four
      patients with diffuse malignant mesothelioma underwent pleurectomy or open biopsy
      and survived for 2-9 months. Radical en-bloc pleuropneumonectomy was performed on
      14 patients with diffuse malignant mesothelioma. One patient died postoperatively
      and the others succumbed to the disease after 3-51 (mean 20) months. The survival
      time was greater than or equal to 1 year in 62% of the patients and greater than
      3 years in 23%. Patient age, histologic tumour type and extent of disease seemed
      to be important prognostic factors. Despite the generally poor prognosis, the
      results of radical surgery in this study appear to warrant an aggressive approach
      to treatment of benign or localized malignant pleural mesothelioma, and possibly
      also to stage I diffuse malignant mesothelioma of epithelial type.

PMID- 3387953
TI  - Congenital arteriovenous fistulas in the chest wall.
AB  - The clinical manifestations of large congenital, haemodynamically significant
      arteriovenous fistulas in the chest wall, originating from the subclavian area,
      are described in three cases and the results of surgical treatment are reported.
      Symptoms related to arteriovenous shunting were present in all three, with
      precordial pain and/or cardiac dysrhythmia, dyspnoea and intermittent painful
      ischaemia of the upper extremity. Altogether 19 operations were performed. The
      symptoms disappeared when fistulas were excised, but returned when fistula
      recurred. Lasting healing (9 years) was achieved in only one patient, after
      extensive ligation of all fistulas in the chest wall and sceletation of the
      subclavian artery from its proximal to its distal extent.

PMID- 3387954
TI  - Lung function following upper sleeve lobectomy for bronchogenic carcinoma.
AB  - Eight patients who underwent upper sleeve lobectomy and six who underwent upper
      simple lobectomy for lung cancer were studied. The two groups were matched for
      age and preoperative lung function as assessed by standard spirometry. Post
      operative lung function studies, including measurements of regional ventilation
      (Vr) and perfusion (Qr) by 133 Xenon technique showed that: 1) two weeks after
      surgery, forced expiratory volume at 1 s was more reduced after simple than after
      sleeve lobectomy, but in both groups Vr and its vertical gradient were similarly
      reduced in the operated lung compared to the contralateral; 2) one year after
      sleeve lobectomy, the vertical gradient of Vr tended to disappear in both lungs
      while Vr and Vr/Qr of the operated side increased significantly. These results
      indicate that early after surgery lung function may be less impaired after sleeve
      than simple lobectomy; however, long-term changes of regional lung function may
      occur after sleeve lobectomy resulting into a high Vr/Qr ratio in the operated
      lung.

PMID- 3387955
TI  - Long-term observation following perforation and rupture of the esophagus.
AB  - A follow-up study of 35 patients was performed 1.5 to 22 years after simple
      closure and drainage of the esophagus for nonmalignant intrathoracic perforation
      or rupture, with special attention to dysphagia. Of the seven patients with
      spontaneous rupture, only one required supplementary postoperative treatment, for
      severe reflux esophagitis. None of the eight patients with iatrogenic lesion and
      no prior esophageal disorder had any dysphagia postoperatively. Postoperative
      swallowing problems were absent in 13 of the 20 patients with perforation caused
      by examination or treatment of an already diseased esophagus. Four required
      repeated esophageal dilation and three underwent further surgery. Simple closure
      and drainage of nonmalignant intrathoracic perforation or rupture of the
      esophagus is concluded to be a safe procedure in regard to late postoperative
      dysphagia.

PMID- 3387956
TI  - Splenic herniation. Case report.
AB  - A case of splenic herniation complicated by spurious hypertension is described. A
      misleading provisional diagnosis was made despite computerised tomography (CT
      Scan). Diaphragmatic herniation is discussed and the use of computerised
      tomography in the diagnosis of masses arising from the posterior aspect of the
      diaphragm is emphasized.

PMID- 3387957
TI  - Coarctation of the abdominal aorta and multiple renal artery stenosis. Case
      report.
AB  - A case of coarctation of the abdominal aorta associated with multiple stenotic
      renal arteries is reported. The patient was operated upon with successful thoraco
      abdominal aortic bypass and direct reimplantation of 3 renal arteries on the
      graft. Surgical techniques for treatment of coarctation are discussed.

PMID- 3387958
TI  - Percutaneous absorption of 2-butoxyethanol in man.
AB  - The percutaneous absorption of the commonly used glycol ether 2-butoxyethanol
      (ethylene glycol monobutyl ether) was investigated in 12 exposure experiments
      with five men. The subject kept two or four fingers immersed in neat
      butoxyethanol for 2 h. Arterialized capillary blood samples were collected from
      the other hand before, during, and up to 4 h after the exposure and analyzed for
      butoxyethanol by gas chromatography. Urine was collected for 24 h and analyzed
      for the metabolite butoxyacetic acid, also by gas chromatography. The presence of
      butoxyethanol in blood and of butoxyacetic acid in urine confirmed that
      butoxyethanol enters the systemic circulation in man in vivo during dermal
      exposure. Percutaneous uptake rates were calculated from measured blood levels of
      butoxyethanol with the use of kinetic parameters (clearance and volume of
      distribution) obtained in earlier experiments with the same subjects. The uptake
      rates ranged from 7 to 96 nmol.min-1.cm-2. The results indicate that persons
      exposing large portions of their skin to butoxyethanol are at risk of absorbing
      acutely toxic doses.

PMID- 3387959
TI  - Comparison between surgeons and general practitioners with respect to
      cardiovascular and psychosocial risk factors among physicians.
AB  - The incidence of mortality from ischemic heart disease in Sweden has been
      reported to be elevated for surgeons in comparisons with most other groups of
      physicians. The objective of the present investigation was to compare
      cardiovascular risk factors and psychosocial work characteristics of surgeons and
      general practitioners, the latter having a substantially lower rate of ischemic
      heart disease. A random sample of 36 male surgeons and 30 male general
      practitioners was selected. The results showed no clear-cut differences in
      physiological risk factors. Overall mental strain was greater among the surgeons,
      as was the inability to relax after work, perceived work tempo, and total number
      of workhours. There were significant associations between psychosocial work
      characteristics and traditional cardiovascular risk factors, and the study gives
      further support to the validity of using long-term glucose markers, such as
      fructosamine, as indicators of metabolic stress.

PMID- 3387960
TI  - Invariants and noninvariants in the concept of interdependent effects.
AB  - In two of his publications [Causal and preventive interdependence: Elementary
      principles. Scand J Work Environ Health 8 (1982) 159-168 and Theoretical
      Epidemiology, John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY 1985], Miettinen put forth basic
      definitions of causal and preventive interdependence of effects involving binary
      exposure indicators and outcomes. This paper shows that the identification of
      interdependence using Miettinen's definitions varies with the choice of the
      reference categories for the exposures. In particular, Miettinen's concepts of
      synergism and antagonism are not invariant under exposure recoding. It is also
      shown that, when both exposures affect risk in some individuals, the effects will
      appear interdependent under some choice of referent. In the deterministic case,
      invariant properties of joint effects may be identified through the formation of
      equivalence classes of response types. In the stochastic case, invariant
      properties may be identified through the averaging of individual hazards, rather
      than risks. In both cases, additivity of risk or rate differences emerges as an
      elementary criterion for the independence of effects.

PMID- 3387961
TI  - Fatal arsenic poisoning--a case report.
AB  - A worker was buried under arsenic trioxide in an industrial accident. He was
      almost immediately released but had inhaled and swallowed substantial amounts of
      arsenic dust. In spite of intensive treatment, circulatory collapse could not be
      prevented, and he died 6 h after the exposure. The treatment, autopsy findings,
      and arsenic concentrations in tissues and body fluids are described and
      discussed.

PMID- 3387962
TI  - Effects of exposure to vinyl chloride. An assessment of the evidence.
AB  - This paper reviews the possible effects of vinyl chloride on the mortality of
      occupationally exposed men and the carcinogenic effects that might be observed in
      the general population as a result of environmental pollution with vinyl
      chloride. The results of four studies fulfilling the criteria of providing
      substantial numbers of observations more than 25 years after first exposure and
      covering a period long enough for more than 10% of the workers to have been
      expected to die constitute the basis for the assessment of the occupational
      hazards. Other studies provide only supplementary information. The data permit
      two conclusions. First, men occupationally exposed to vinyl chloride have
      experienced a specific hazard of angiosarcoma of the liver. Second, any other
      occupational hazards that may have existed have been small. No positive evidence
      of a hazard of any nonmalignant disease or any type of cancer other than
      angiosarcoma of the liver has been found except possibly for a small hazard of
      lung cancer when exposure was heavy. More definite conclusions might be reached
      if those who have studied exposed employees could present their results in
      appropriate and comparable ways. A very small risk of angiosarcoma may have
      occurred as a result of vinyl chloride escaping into the environment around
      plants handling vinyl chloride in the past, but the evidence indicates that the
      current risk to the general public (if any) must be negligible.

PMID- 3387963
TI  - Effects of exposure to Freon 11, 1,1,1-trichloroethane or perchloroethylene on
      the lipid and fatty-acid composition of rat cerebral cortex.
AB  - Organic solvents are often present as mixtures in various industrial and house
      hold products. The adverse effects arising from exposure to these solvents have
      often been generalized to concern the whole group of solvents. In an examination
      of the possibility that organic solvents have general effects on experimental
      animals, rats were continuously exposed to vapors of the halogenated solvents
      Freon 11, perchloroethylene, and 1,1,1-trichloroethane. The lipid composition and
      fatty-acid pattern of ethanolamine phosphoglyceride from the cerebral cortex were
      analyzed. It was observed that only perchloroethylene had effects on the brain
      lipid composition. Cholesterol and total phospholipids were slightly reduced.
      Among the fatty acids the proportion of stearic acid was reduced and those of
      docosapentanoic, 22:5 (N = 6), and of docosahexanoic, 22:6 (N = 3), acids were
      increased. The changes in the fatty-acid pattern indicate that an alteration
      occurs in the desaturation of fatty acids. It seems probable that the
      chloroethylenes have specific effects on the fatty-acid pattern of brain
      phospholipids not shared by other solvents.

PMID- 3387964
TI  - Influence of water on the percutaneous absorption of 2-butoxyethanol in guinea
      pigs.
AB  - Anesthetized guinea pigs were exposed for 2 h to aqueous solutions (5-100%,
      corresponding to 0.38-7.6 mol/l) of 2-butoxyethanol (ethylene glycol monobutyl
      ether, BE) by epicutaneous administration in a sealed glass ring on the clipped
      back of the animal. After a recovery period of 2 h, the animals were exposed to
      undiluted BE in a second glass ring for an additional period of 2 h. Blood
      samples were obtained via the carotid artery and analyzed for BE by gas
      chromatography. To reduce the influence of interindividual variation in the
      kinetics, the dermal uptake rate of BE from the water solutions was expressed
      relative to that of the undiluted solvent obtained from the second exposure
      period of the same animal. The relative percutaneous uptake rates were
      approximately equal from the 5, 10, 20, and 100% solutions of BE, while they were
      approximately twice as high from the 40 and 80% solutions. The results suggest
      that water facilitates the percutaneous absorption of BE.

PMID- 3387965
TI  - [Erdheim-Gsell medial necrosis and mucoid degeneration of the media as a cause of
      aorto-arterial aneurysm. Pathologico-anatomical analysis of 150 excised vessels].
AB  - 150 cases of true and dissecting aneurysms due to degenerative, non
      arteriosclerotic lesions of the media were analyzed. Histologically, two types of
      alterations may be distinguished. The classical medionecrosis of Erdheim and
      Gsell is characterized by focal destructions of elastic fibers, while so-called
      mucoid degeneration of the media shows mucoid deposits between the rarified and
      atrophic elastic fibers but no focal destruction of the latter. These two lesions
      are clearly distinguishable in the majority of cases. Average age and
      distribution among age groups are identical in both types. In both groups the
      male patients predominate but with a different ratio. True and dissecting types
      of aneurysm are equally distributed in medionecrosis of Erdheim and Gsell
      (including the cases with Marfan's syndrome), but dissecting aneurysms
      predominate by a ratio of 8:1 in mucoid degeneration. Several arguments
      strengthen the opinion that the two types of lesion represent different disease
      entities. The etiology of the disorder is still unknown; our findings do not show
      a relation to arteriosclerosis or to a simple aging process of the vessel wall.

PMID- 3387966
TI  - [Transient erythroblastopenia in childhood].
AB  - Clinical and laboratory findings in 9 patients with transient erythroblastopenia
      of childhood (TEC) are presented and compared with the literature. TEC mainly
      affects infants presenting with normochromic, normocytic anemia and
      reticulocytopenia. Liver, spleen and lymph nodes are not enlarged. As a rule the
      white blood cell count is normal and the platelet count elevated. Bone marrow
      examination reveals absence of erythropoiesis. TEC is a self-limiting disorder
      which needs no therapeutic measures other than transfusion where necessary.

PMID- 3387968
TI  - [Loss of vision as a complication of acute pancreatitis].
AB  - A report is presented on two patients with severe visual loss and scotoma
      following an episode of alcohol-induced pancreatitis. A 35-year-old man with
      pancreatitis developed visual loss in both eyes. Ophthalmoscopic examination
      revealed extensive ischemic infarcts with bilateral hemorrhage and cotton-wool
      spots, a clinical picture similar to that of (post-traumatic) Purtscher's
      retinopathy. Goldmann visual fields demonstrated paracentral scotomas.
      Fundoscopic lesions had disappeared 3 months after the acute event and visual
      acuity improved gradually from 0.1 to 1.0. In a 36-year-old man, cerebral
      infarction was established by CT as a possible cause of visual loss. CSF
      examination revealed Sudan-III positive material suggesting cerebral fat embolism
      as the cause of cerebral infarcts. Visual fields showed central scotomas. During
      the 4-year follow-up period there was a gradual improvement in visual acuity.

PMID- 3387967
TI  - [Prolonged course in patients with symptomatic ventricular tachycardia].
AB  - In a retrospective study we analyzed the long-term course in 77 patients (71
      males and 6 females) with symptomatic ventricular tachycardias. Initially all
      patients had undergone an electrophysiological examination. 56/77 patients
      received drug therapy and 19/77 underwent surgery (implantation of an automatic
      defibrillator in 2 patients). Two patients received no therapy. After an
      observation period of 30 (5-81) months, 60% of the patients who had received drug
      therapy and 77% who had undergone surgery were free of tachycardia. 16/56 (29%)
      of the patients under drug management and 6/19 (32%) of the surgically treated
      had died in the meantime. In the whole group the mortality rate was 9.6 times
      higher than in an age and sex matched control group. In younger subjects (16-50
      years) the mortality rate was 4 times greater than in those aged 51-81 years. The
      highest mortality was observed in the first year. The most important prognostic
      parameter was the left ventricular ejection fraction, which was significantly
      higher in survivors. We conclude that ventricular arrhythmias can be effectively
      controlled, and quality of life enhanced, with drug therapy or surgery.

PMID- 3387969
TI  - [Ogilvie syndrome as a complication following extensive total abdominal
      hysterectomy].
AB  - Acute pseudoobstruction of the colon (Ogilvie syndrome) is a rare entity observed
      postoperatively or in association with various medical conditions. Appropriate
      therapy avoids the life-threatening complication of cecal perforation with its
      attendant high mortality rate of over 40%. Today colonoscopic decompression is
      the treatment of choice.

PMID- 3387970
TI  - Epidemiology, course and socio-economic influence of inflammatory bowel disease.
AB  - Based on the literature and on our own experience from a follow-up study of all
      inflammatory bowel disease patients in a defined population, the epidemiology,
      course and social economic aspects of the diseases are discussed. The incidence
      of ulcerative colitis has shown geographical differences with a stable incidence
      in Stockholm, Cardiff, the United Kingdom and Copenhagen compared to a remarkable
      increase in incidence in Iceland, Faroe islands, Norway, Scotland and North Tees
      since 1970. For Crohn's disease there has been an overall increase in incidence
      in all studies with a tendency towards a plateau in recent years in some areas.
      The prevalence of ulcerative colitis in 1978 was 117/10(5) and for Crohn's
      disease 34/10(5) in Copenhagen county. The survival of the patients did not
      differ from that of the background except for a small excess mortality in elderly
      men with ulcerative colitis within the first 2 years with the disease. 10% of
      patients with ulcerative colitis were colectomized within 1 year and 23% within
      10 years. 55% of patients with Crohn's disease were operated on within 10 years,
      11% two or more times. The number of patients in complete remission for 10 years
      after the initial attack is practically zero. 90% of patients with ulcerative
      colitis and about 80% with Crohn's disease have full work capacity. The risk of
      intestinal cancer is 1.4% in ulcerative colitis after 18 years (e.g. twice the
      risk in the background population) and is markedly lower than in previous
      reports. In Crohn's disease no increased risk of cancer was found.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3387971
TI  - Surgical options in the treatment of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's colitis.
AB  - The surgical standard for ulcerative colitis was complete proctocolectomy.
      Colectomy with mucosal proctectomy reduces the problems of the perineal wound
      essentially. A conventional ileostomy can be avoided by Kock's pouch technique.
      Correct operative technique reduces the complications with necessary reoperation
      to 10-20%. A non-specific pouchitis will develop in 25% of the cases but can
      mostly be treated with metronidazol. Another option is reconstructive
      proctocolectomy with ileal reservoir with ileo-anal anastomosis. Its
      complications rate is about the same, patients integrity and satisfaction
      remarkably high. Although both techniques are demanding and should be restricted
      to specialized centers, there is nowadays no indication to amputation of the
      rectum for ulcerative colitis. An ileorectal anastomosis is an acceptable option
      under effective supervision of the retained mucosa because of the risk of cancer
      development. Conservative surgery with resection and reresection remains the
      therapeutic approach to Crohn's disease until etiology and causal therapy are
      known although surgery is not curative for Crohn's disease. 10 years recurrence
      rate is 30-50% and cannot be predicted or definitely influenced. Therefore
      removal of the rectum and permanent ileostomy should be avoided as long as
      possible. Pouch procedures are not indicated. Moderate resections and good
      general care avoid short bowel syndrome and deficiency disease.

PMID- 3387972
TI  - [Anal and perianal operations in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease].
AB  - Inflammation in ulcerative colitis is concentrated in the mucous membrane.
      Therefore, increased frequency of perianal and anal lesions is not to be expected
      and therapy does not differ from that in patients without inflammatory bowel
      disease. This study concentrates mainly on Crohn's disease and provides an
      overview on skin disorders, skin tag, fissure in ano, fistulae and abscess,
      stenosis, incontinence and the management of these conditions. A decision is
      necessary between four approaches to treatment: 1. Wait and see regarding the
      natural course. 2. Treatment of intestinal manifestations. 3. Conservative
      therapy concentrating on the anal lesion. 4. Local or extensive surgery. The
      indications for surgery should not be aggressive (except for abscesses and
      fistulae causing pain and discharge). However, excessive complications need not
      be feared if an experienced surgical team is involved.

PMID- 3387973
TI  - [Principles of risk assessment in the life insurance industry as exemplified by
      ulcerative colitis].
AB  - This report addresses physicians whose work lies outside the field of life
      insurance and especially its particular type of risk assessment. It attempts to
      clear up some typical misconceptions arising between attending physicians and the
      medical consultant working in life insurance. Taking as an example the life
      insurance application of a man with conservatively treated ulcerative colitis,
      risk assessment procedure from the viewpoint of life insurance is analyzed on the
      basis of the Swiss Reinsurance Company rating guidelines. Attention is drawn to
      the specific features of prognosis assessment in life insurance compared with
      that in medical practice or at the bedside. The concepts of mortality and extra
      mortality are defined and that of mortality compared with the concept of survival
      rate. The example of the colitis patient is used to show why the extra mortality
      observed by life insurers can be markedly above that indicated by epidemiologists
      and clinicians, and why a practically normal 5-year survival rate and
      significantly increased mortality need not be mutually exclusive. The statistical
      basis for the mortality assumptions of life insurers is exemplified by the
      Medical Impairment Study 1983 published in autumn 1987, which gives an average
      extra mortality of 162% for insured persons who had ulcerative colitis at the
      time of policy issue.

PMID- 3387974
TI  - [Crohn's disease-- 10 years' experience at a city hospital].
AB  - Between 1977 and 1986, 92 patients with Crohn's disease (53 females and 39 males,
      average age 32 years at diagnosis) were admitted for a total of 158 hospital
      stays at the St. Claraspital, Basel. In 71 cases the diagnosis was based on one
      or more of radiologic and endoscopic evaluation and/or operative findings. In 4
      cases diagnosis was based solely on clinical findings and in the remaining 17 the
      original diagnostic workup could not be evaluated retrospectively. 65% of cases
      were histologically proven, while the rest of the patients were either not
      biopsied or biopsy yielded inconclusive results. Crohn's disease was located
      simultaneously in the small and large bowels in 41 patients, in the small bowel
      only in 23 (25%) and in the large bowel only in 20 (22%). The remaining
      localizations were either proximal GI tract or anal region only. Surgery was
      performed a total of 65 times in 44 of the 92 patients (48%), the most frequent
      procedures being ileocecal resection and surgical treatment of perianal fistulas
      and abscesses. Accordingly, the main indications for surgery were perianal
      complications (37%) and stenotic bowel lesions (29%). The resection rate was
      higher in ileal (35%) than in colorectal (25%) involvement. The 3 rectal
      amputations eventually necessary were all in patients with anorectal involvement.

PMID- 3387975
TI  - [Ulcerative colitis. Activity index for the clinical and histological
      classification of inflammatory activity].
AB  - According to Truelove and Witts, ulcerative colitis has been rated only by
      clinical classification without taking into account morphological alterations,
      and so far (in contrast to Crohn's disease) no activity index has been available
      for clinical studies. Therefore, we have developed an index during a therapeutic
      trial with mesalazine (5-aminosalicylic acid) to evaluate the initial state of
      inflammation and assess therapeutic efficacy. The activity index includes 5
      items: stool frequency (score 0 to 3), rectal bleeding (score 0 to 3), endoscopy
      (score 0 to 3), histology (score 0 to 4), and extension of inflammation (score 0
      to 4). In 42 patients with ulcerative colitis treatment with mesalazine (2
      suppositories of 250 mg 3 times daily) was monitored for 12 weeks. In 37 patients
      a clinical improvement was observed, as indicated by a significance decrease in
      the mean activity index from initially 10.2 to 6.1 (after 6 weeks) and 3.4 (after
      12 weeks). The proposed index could be modified by additional parameters.

PMID- 3387976
TI  - [Pathogenesis of Crohn's disease. Evaluation criteria for an animal model].
AB  - The origin of Crohn's disease is controverted. Experimental animal studies have
      not thus far supported a specific pathogenetic factor, a situation ascribed to
      the fact that the standard requirements of an "ideal" animal model are unsuited
      to diseases with a multifactorial pathogenesis such as Crohn's disease. In a new
      experimental animal model the hypothesis of a causal relationship between
      chemically processed dietary fats and the development of Crohn's disease was
      studied in 32 pigs. One finding was that experimental animals showed early
      morphologic lesions of the mucosa as specific to regional enteritis. The primary
      changes in the mucosa are thought to play a fundamental role in the pathogenesis
      of the disease. The model opens up new perspectives for planning, management and
      evaluation of experimental animal models in studying further aspects of etiology
      in Crohn's disease.

PMID- 3387977
TI  - [Long-term results following fundus plication. Symptoms after 10 to 20 years].
AB  - 10 to 20 years (median 15.1 years) after fundoplication for primary reflux
      disease, 257 patients were asked to complete a questionnaire concerning their
      symptoms. Data of 163 patients (64.3%) were analyzed. Results were as follows:
      21.4% of the patients had persistent or recurrent reflux symptoms, about half
      (9.8%) needing medical treatment. Adverse side effects of fundoplication were
      frequent (dysphagia in 28.2% and gas-bloat in 50.3%). Using the Visick
      classification criteria we found Visick grade I and II in 75.5%, grade III in
      17.2%, and IV in 7.4%.

PMID- 3387978
TI  - [Characteristics of hereditary colorectal carcinoma without pre-existing
      polyposis].
AB  - The report presents two families with inherited predisposition to colorectal
      carcinoma without preexisting polyposis coli. In these families the disease is
      characterized by early onset and tumor localization in the right side colon.
      Screening colonoscopy should be started early. Families of this kind are of
      greatest value for genetic marker studies.

PMID- 3387979
TI  - [Plasma and tissue concentration of ceftriaxone following a one-time i.v. dose of
      2 g].
AB  - The concentration of ceftriaxon found in plasma and in fatty, muscular and
      colonic tissue after a single intravenous dose of 2 g are reported. 20 patients
      undergoing elective surgery of the colon were divided into five groups of 4, and
      ceftriaxon was given 45 min, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h before surgery. Even after 24 h
      the plasma and tissue concentrations were above MIC 90 for most microorganisms
      sensitive to ceftriaxon.

PMID- 3387980
TI  - [Internal rectal prolapse].
AB  - Over a 2 1/2 year period a prospective study was undertaken to evaluate the
      occurrence and symptoms of rectal intussusception (internal procidentia). The
      condition was found in 28 female patients. 17 patients were operated on due to
      severe obstruction during defaecation, perineal pain, solitary rectal ulcer
      syndrome, and partial incontinence. The endopelvic findings were similar to those
      encountered in patients with complete, external rectal prolapse, and the
      operative procedure was identical (rectal mobilization, elevation, fixation, with
      rectosigmoid resection in most cases). Results were favorable. Conservative
      treatment seemed to be adequate in 7 of the 11 remaining patients.

PMID- 3387981
TI  - [Chronic pancreatitis: natural history and development in relation to
      alcoholism].
AB  - 42 cases of chronic pancreatitis treated between 1976 and 1986, presenting 0.2%
      of all patients seen at the surgical clinic in the same period, have been
      reviewed. 37 patients (88%) were alcoholics and the prevalence of males was 83%. 
      Study of dietary habits showed a very high alcohol intake of 135.3 g alcohol per
      day, contrasting with the control group's alcohol consumption of 44.9 g per day.
      Alcohol intake calculated per life of patient with chronic pancreatitis
      represented 850.4 kg, whereas the control group consumed 344.1 kg (beer and
      wine). -Patients with chronic pancreatitis had started excessive alcohol
      consumption at an average age of 18 +/- 2 years and continued for an average of
      18.0 +/- 1 years. These data correspond to zone A, i.e. Southern Europe. The
      evolution was analyzed with regard to persistence or cessation of alcoholism.
      Repeated attacks of chronic pancreatitis were seen in both groups. Patients
      abstaining from alcohol had only one attack during an average period of 10 years.
      Painful recurrences after surgery seem to be more frequent with persistent
      alcoholism (4 out of 5 patients), whereas in 15 patients without alcoholism they
      were observed only 3 times. -This shows that alcoholism remains the main factor
      in the natural history and evolution of chronic pancreatitis.

PMID- 3387982
TI  - [Endoscopic stone extraction from the biliary tract--current status].
AB  - Endoscopic removal of bile duct stones has become a routine procedure. The
      present situation is analyzed in the light of patients treated in 1985 and 1986
      by the same team. We report on 114 patients (46 men, 68 women, median age 74
      years). Clearance of bile ducts was possible at first attempt in 80 patients
      (70%) and at second attempt in a further 8 patients (7%). Procedure-related
      mortality was 0.9%: one patient died after developing necrotizing pancreatitis.
      The complication rate was 10.6%. Among the 39 patients with gallbladders left in
      situ, 4 (10.8%) had to undergo cholecystectomy after an interval of 1 to 7
      months. It is concluded that endoscopic removal of bile duct stones is a method
      with a high rate of success. However, even in experienced hands complications are
      by no means negligible.

PMID- 3387983
TI  - [Savary's ulcer: a new complication of gastroesophageal reflux? Apropos of 32
      endoscopically observed cases].
AB  - Savary's ulcer is a rare and little known peptic ulcer situated just above
      Barrett's esophagus. It is predominant in elderly women, bleeds less than
      Barrett's ulcer and is almost always associated with peptic stenosis. It is, like
      Barrett's and Wolf's ulcers, a complication of gastroesophageal reflux and not of
      Barrett's esophagus.

PMID- 3387984
TI  - [The osmotic gap in the diagnosis of alcoholic intoxication].
AB  - Sodium, urea, glucose and osmolality were determined in 50 hospitalized patients.
      Osmolality was calculated according to two different methods and compared with
      measured osmolality. Both methods showed equally close correlations (r = 0.87),
      and for clinical use we recommend the following simple formula: osmolality = 2 x
      sodium + glucose + urea. The two formulas studied were then used to calculate the
      osmolal gap (difference between measured and calculated osmolality) in 30
      patients with ethanol intoxication, in order to estimate the blood alcohol
      concentration. For the equation: blood ethanol concentration (g/L) = osmolal
      gap/27 we found a very good correlation between calculated and measured ethanol
      levels (r = 0.95). Our data confirm previous reports that blood ethanol can be
      quickly and fairly exactly estimated by using the osmolal gap.

PMID- 3387985
TI  - Recruitment and retention of nurses for spinal cord injury.

PMID- 3387986
TI  - First impressions on a spinal cord injury unit.

PMID- 3387987
TI  - Quality assurance monitoring: a rewarding step in the development of the nurse
      researcher.

PMID- 3387988
TI  - When is it appropriate to ask patients about a "do not resuscitate" order?

PMID- 3387989
TI  - Controlled study of needle gauge for urine aspiration.

PMID- 3387990
TI  - Isolation and characterization of the specific peptides from rabbit blastocyst at
      peri-implantation stage with emphasis on their physiological significance
      relevant to the mechanism of implantation.
AB  - The secretory materials from the uterine flushings of the pregnant, non-pregnant
      and pseudopregnant rabbits were analysed by the method of SDS-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis. The results demonstrated that there are three specific peptides
      in the pregnant uterine flushings with molecular weights of 3000, 4500 and 6000.
      No correspondent peptides were found in non-pregnant and pseudopregnant uterine
      flushings. The peptides were also isolated and identified from the blastocystic
      fluid. At least 4 peaks of small peptides were shown by high pressure liquid
      chromatography. The range of their isoelectrophoretic points is between pH 4.0
      5.5 Concavalin A (Con A) affinitive electrophoresis indicated that they are
      glycopeptides in nature. The LH-RH A is able to exert inhibitory effects on the
      synthesis of these peptides. Their possible physiological function has been
      discussed.

PMID- 3387991
TI  - Electro-acupuncture markedly increases proenkephalin mRNA in rat striatum and
      pituitary.
AB  - Electro-acupuncture (EA) has been found to increase enkephalin content in
      striatum, hypothalamus and cerebrospinal fluid. Further studies on rat striatum
      showed that the increase is accompanied by an elevation of enkephalin precursor
      and processed intermediate levels. In order to characterize the nature of these
      changes, we have measured the proenkephalin mRNA (PE-mRNA) level in rat striatum
      and pituitary by recombinant DNA technique. The PE-mRNA was hybridized with human
      proenkephalin cDNA using a dot-blot procedure. Rats receiving EA showed a 3-5
      fold increase of PE-mRNA in striatum beginning at 1 h after the cessation of 30
      min EA treatment and lasting 48 h at least. A 3-fold increase of PE-mRNA in
      pituitary was found immediately after the cessation of EA and a 5-6-fold increase
      at 1 or 24 h after the termination of EA.

PMID- 3387992
TI  - Study of descending inhibitory and facilitory effect of the orbital cortex on the
      electrical discharges of medial geniculate body (MGB) neurons in rabbits.
AB  - Experiments were performed on 16 rabbits immobilized with flaxedil. The recording
      of spontaneous discharges and the discharges of single MGB neurons caused by
      clicks showed that when the cerebral-orbital cortex was stimulated, of 92 MGB
      neurons responding to clicks, 25 units (27.2%) were inhibited, 14 units (15.2%)
      were facilitated, and 15 units with spontaneous discharges were completely
      inhibited. The topographical distribution of stimulated points with such
      inhibitory and facilitory effect is quite concentrated on the orbital cortex.
      Stimulation of two adjacent points of the orbital cortex could respectively
      result in different kinds of inhibitory and facilitory effect on discharges of a
      same MGB neuron. Due to the existence of this descending effect with a short
      latent period (2-3 ms), the authors have reason to believe that there might be an
      "orbital cortex-MGB" direct pathway. Moreover, application of 2% procaine to
      block the auditory cortex behind the rhinal sulcus (ACBRS) could abolish the
      facilitory effect, with a long latency, of the orbital cortex. Therefore, the
      influence of the orbital cortex on MGB might be also transmitted via the "orbital
      ACBRS-MGB" circuit.

PMID- 3387993
TI  - Cloning of cDNA coding for carbamyl phosphate synthetase I and changes in levels
      of CPS1 mRNA during hepatocarcinogenesis.
AB  - cDNA coding for carbamyl phosphate synthetase I was cloned from recombinant
      plasmid with insert complementary to the mRNA for CPS1 followed by hybrid
      selected translation screening. The length of the insert CPS1 cDNA was
      approximately 800 base pairs. Using this cDNA as a probe, it was found by dot
      blot analysis of the total RNAs and poly(A)+-RNAs isolated from rat livers with
      different pathological lesions induced by diethylnitrosamine that the levels of
      CPS1 mRNA were decreased, the decrease being correlated with the malignancy of
      hepatocytes during carcinogenesis.

PMID- 3387994
TI  - Multistage evaluation scale, differential threshold steps and equivalent
      sensation contours of respiratory flow-resistive load sensation.
AB  - This paper presents and discusses the methodology and results of studies on
      respiratory sensation by using a fuzzy set category judgement model and applying
      the concept of just noticeable difference (JND) step and equivalent sensation. A
      new kind of category scale, the multistage evaluation scale (MES), based on a
      fuzzy set category judgement model for quantifying respiratory sensory magnitude
      has been put forward and verified in 37 subjects. The perceived magnitude of
      added resistance estimated using MES could reflect properly the difference in
      sensory perception caused by added loads with equal intensity but applied to
      different phases of the breathing cycle. In addition, the psychophysical function
      obtained conforms to the Stevens' power law. On the contrary, the classical
      category scale does not possess some of these attributes. In 9 subjects, we
      determined that the sensory continuum corresponding to either inspiratory or
      expiratory added resistive load, ranging 10-500 mm H2O.1(-1).s, consisted of 6 or
      7 JND steps. The sensory magnitude corresponding to each step was estimated by
      the MES. Relating the results of JND step measurements with that of magnitude
      estimation using MES, we could elucidate systematically the relationship between
      perceived magnitude and discrimination for respiratory sensation. In 13 subjects,
      the equivalent respiratory resistive load sensation contours of 2, 3 and 4 JND
      step above basal level, respectively, were obtained through experimentation and
      by quadratic polynomial approximation of experimental data. The results suggest
      that as regards the human tolerance to various added resistive loads the combined
      resistive load is the most tolerable among the three; the expiratory, the least.
      The equivalent sensation contour can be used to predict the changes in
      respiratory sensation determined by both the intensity of the total added load
      and the ratio of inspiratory versus expiratory load. In brief, we have proposed a
      new way to elucidate the physiological and psychophysical effects of various
      added resistive loads.

PMID- 3387995
TI  - Reflections on the National Health Service in Scotland.

PMID- 3387996
TI  - Demands on clinical chemistry services caused by drug related diagnoses.
AB  - The changing incidence of any given pathology in the catchment population leads
      to altered demands on the diagnostic services. Since two perceived problems in
      Glasgow have been solvent abuse and more recently drug abuse, a study was made of
      the change in numbers of requests to the clinical biochemistry services generated
      by patients with a diagnosis related to ingestion of drugs. The figures indicate
      that alcohol abuse leads to the greatest demands on the service and that this
      trend is increasing. Solvent abuse is a minor problem and in cases of abuse of
      hard drugs biochemical analyses other than the screening for drugs themselves
      seem to be required infrequently.

PMID- 3387997
TI  - Listeriosis in Ayrshire 1965-85.
AB  - Twelve cases of listeriosis are described. Nine patients had meningitis, two
      primary listerial bacteraemia and one had bacteraemia from a focus of infection
      in the genito-urinary tract. Clinical presentation and treatment are described.

PMID- 3387998
TI  - Carbohydrate oxidation: do we eat ourselves or our food?
AB  - In post-absorptive man, energy is derived solely from oxidation of body stores,
      mainly by oxidation of fat rather than glycogen. Eating changes this pattern so
      that carbohydrate (CHO) oxidation predominates. If during feeding energy intake
      exceeds energy expenditure, the energy needs of the whole body can in theory be
      met entirely from the diet. However, it is not clear whether the CHO utilised in
      the fed state does come directly from the absorbed diet, or whether some
      continues to be removed from body stores.

PMID- 3387999
TI  - Tuberculous meningitis in children: a review of 15 cases.
AB  - Tuberculosis meningitis (TBM) is the most serious form of infection with
      Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Between 1968 and 1986 15 children (five boys and 10
      girls) were seen at the Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow, because of
      TBM. Fourteen children were Caucasian and one was Asian. The mean age at
      presentation was two years. None had been given BCG vaccination. In 12 children
      close contact with other cases of tuberculosis was reported. The signs and
      symptoms which helped in the diagnosis are discussed together with the initial
      CSF findings, results of mantoux testing and chest X-rays. Three children had
      unusual modes of presentation. All children were treated with chemotherapy though
      the drug combinations, route of administration and therapy varied from case to
      case. Steroids were used in nine children. Five children required neurosurgical
      intervention. Two children died and of the survivors six had serious sequelae.
      Five children made a complete recovery. The outcome of TBM depended on the
      duration of symptoms prior to the onset of therapy, on the neurological status
      reached at the time of diagnosis and the age of the child. The roles of
      chemotherapy, steroids and neurosurgery in the management of TBM are discussed.
      The need for routine BCG vaccination of all neonates is examined.

PMID- 3388000
TI  - Diabetes insipidus developing after subarachnoid haemorrhage from an anterior
      communicating artery aneurysm.
AB  - I describe a patient with an anterior communicating artery aneurysm who developed
      transient diabetes insipidus two days after a subarachnoid haemorrhage. I have
      reviewed similar cases in the literature and discuss the pathogenesis of the
      diabetes insipidus in such cases.

PMID- 3388001
TI  - Locked jaw in polymyalgia rheumatica.
AB  - Polymyalgia rheumatica is a common disease affecting the elderly population.
      Symptoms and signs are often nonspecific, including pain and stiffness in the
      proximal muscles, anorexia, fatigue, depression, weight loss, fever and temporal
      headaches. We would like to report a case of polymyalgia rheumatica with locked
      jaw, a feature yet unrecorded.

PMID- 3388002
TI  - Metolazone and axillary vein thrombosis.
AB  - The usage of powerful diuretics, such as metolazone, may lead to thrombotic
      complications.

PMID- 3388003
TI  - Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, myasthenia gravis, pernicious anaemia,
      autoimmune thyroiditis and autoimmune adrenalitis in a single patient.
AB  - Two classical autoimmune polyendocrine deficiency syndromes with heritable
      tendencies are described, Type 1 diabetes mellitus being associated with the Type
      2 polyendocrine deficiency syndrome (Schmidt's syndrome). A man with Type 1
      diabetes mellitus is described who developed an unusual combination of five
      autoimmune conditions (myasthenia gravis, Addisonian pernicious anaemia,
      adrenalitis and thyroiditis) which did not fit into the Type 1 or Type 2
      classical polyendocrine deficiency syndromes. This suggests that the
      autoantibody, biochemical and haematological screening of affected individuals
      and their relatives should be extended to anticipate a wider range of potential
      autoimmune conditions.

PMID- 3388004
TI  - Thrombocytopaenia as the presenting feature of persistent generalised
      lymphadenopathy (PGL) in a one year old.
AB  - A one-year-old child who presented with thrombocytopaenia was found to be HIV
      positive and has now developed persistent generalised lymphadenopathy (PGL).

PMID- 3388005
TI  - What teachers think about AIDS.

PMID- 3388006
TI  - Two cases of retractile mesenteritis in related individuals.

PMID- 3388007
TI  - Direct action for animal research.

PMID- 3388008
TI  - The nature of whistle-blowing.

PMID- 3388009
TI  - Computer searches.
AB  - In Eliot Marshall's News & Comment article "South Africa blocks AAAS visit" (29
      Apr., p. 595), the National Medical and Dental Association was mistakenly named
      as being among the 17 organizations banned by the South African government on 24
      February 1988. Among the organizations that were banned were the South African
      Trade Unions, the United Democratic Front, the Detainees' Support Committee, and
      the Detainees' Parents Support Committee.

PMID- 3388010
TI  - A war on drugs with real troops?

PMID- 3388011
TI  - Post office nixes germs by mail.

PMID- 3388012
TI  - Japan's human frontiers program advances.

PMID- 3388013
TI  - A bitter battle over error (II)

PMID- 3388014
TI  - "Internal audit" a challenge.

PMID- 3388015
TI  - EPA proposes state action on aldicarb.

PMID- 3388017
TI  - Near-field microscopes beat the wavelength limit.

PMID- 3388016
TI  - Blood-forming stem cells purified.

PMID- 3388018
TI  - Toward a unified theory of cognition.

PMID- 3388019
TI  - Combinatorial cassette mutagenesis as a probe of the informational content of
      protein sequences.
AB  - A method of combinatorial cassette mutagenesis was designed to readily determine
      the informational content of individual residues in protein sequences. The
      technique consists of simultaneously randomizing two or three positions by
      oligonucleotide cassette mutagenesis, selecting for functional protein, and then
      sequencing to determine the spectrum of allowable substitutions at each position.
      Repeated application of this method to the dimer interface of the DNA-binding
      domain of lambda repressor reveals that the number and type of substitutions
      allowed at each position are extremely variable. At some positions only one or
      two residues are functionally acceptable; at other positions a wide range of
      residues and residue types are tolerated. The number of substitutions allowed at
      each position roughly correlates with the solvent accessibility of the wild-type
      side chain.

PMID- 3388020
TI  - Induction of gene amplification by arsenic.
AB  - Arsenic is a well-established carcinogen in humans, but there is little evidence
      for its carcinogenicity in animals and it is inactive as an initiator or tumor
      promoter in two-stage models of carcinogenicity in mice. Two arsenic salts
      (sodium arsenite and sodium arsenate) induced a high frequency of methotrexate
      resistant 3T6 cells, which were shown to have amplified copies of the
      dihydrofolate reductase gene. The ability of arsenic to induce gene amplification
      may relate to its carcinogenic effects in humans since amplification of oncogenes
      is observed in many human tumors. The inability of arsenic to induce gene
      mutations may relate to the negative results of arsenic in long-term animal
      studies and suggests that these experiments may not detect some environmental
      agents that act late in the carcinogenic process in humans.

PMID- 3388021
TI  - Evidence of estrogen receptors in normal human osteoblast-like cells.
AB  - In seven strains of cultured normal human osteoblast-like cells, a mean of 1615
      molecules of tritium-labeled 17 beta-estradiol per cell nucleus could be bound to
      specific nuclear sites. The nuclear binding of the labeled steroid was
      temperature-dependent, steroid-specific, saturable, and cell type-specific. These
      are characteristics of biologically active estrogen receptors. Pretreatment with
      10 nanomolar estradiol in vitro increased the specific nuclear binding of
      progesterone in four of six cell strains, indicating an induction of functional
      progesterone receptors. RNA blot analysis demonstrated the presence of messenger
      RNA for the human estrogen receptor. The data suggest that estrogen acts directly
      on human bone cells through a classical estrogen receptor-mediated mechanism.

PMID- 3388022
TI  - Local embryonic matrices determine region-specific phenotypes in neural crest
      cells.
AB  - Membrane microcarriers were used to determine the ability of regional
      extracellular matrices to direct neural crest cell differentiation in culture.
      Neural crest cells from the axolotl embryo responded to extracellular matrix
      material explanted from the subepidermal migratory pathway by dispersing and by
      differentiating into pigment cells. In contrast, matrix material from the
      presumptive site of dorsal root ganglia stimulated pronounced cell-cell
      association and neurotypic expression. Cell line segregation during ontogeny of
      the neural crest that leads to diversification into pigment cells of the skin or
      into elements of the peripheral nervous system appears to be controlled in part
      by local cell-matrix interactions.

PMID- 3388023
TI  - The Howard Hughes Medical Institute.

PMID- 3388024
TI  - "The bride is too beautiful".

PMID- 3388025
TI  - Testing urine for drugs.

PMID- 3388026
TI  - Dispute over NIH firing heats up.

PMID- 3388027
TI  - Vietnam's psychological toll.

PMID- 3388028
TI  - Health workers and AIDS: questions persist.

PMID- 3388029
TI  - Human genome goes international.

PMID- 3388030
TI  - Porky's pig out.

PMID- 3388031
TI  - Isolation and characterization of a novel protein (X-ORF product) from SIV and
      HIV-2.
AB  - A protein designated p14 was purified from a simian immunodeficiency virus
      (SIVMne) and was shown by amino acid sequence analysis to be nearly identical to
      the predicted translational product of a unique open reading frame (X-ORF) in the
      nucleotide sequences of SIVmac and human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2).
      Thus the X-ORF is proven to be a new retroviral gene. The p14 is present in
      SIVMne in molar amounts equivalent to those of the gag proteins. This is the
      first example of a retrovirus that contains a substantial quantity of a viral
      protein that is not a product of the gag, pro, pol, or env genes. SIV p14 and its
      homolog in HIV-2 may function as nucleic acid binding proteins since purified p14
      binds to single-stranded nucleic acids in vitro. Antisera to the purified protein
      detected p14 in SIVMne, SIVmac, and a homologous protein (16 kilodaltons) in HIV
      2 but did not react with HIV-1. Diagnostic procedures based on this novel protein
      will distinguish between HIV-1 and HIV-2.

PMID- 3388032
TI  - Behavioral dissociation of dishabituation, sensitization, and inhibition in
      Aplysia.
AB  - Three forms of nonassociative learning (habituation, dishabituation, and
      sensitization) have commonly been explained by a dual-process view in which a
      single decrementing process produces habituation and a single facilitatory
      process produces both dishabituation and sensitization. A key prediction of this
      view is that dishabituation and sensitization should always occur together.
      However, we show that dishabituation and sensitization, as well as an additional
      process, inhibition, can be behaviorally dissociated in Aplysia by (i) their
      differential time of onset, (ii) their differential sensitivity to stimulus
      intensity, and (iii) their differential emergence during development. A simple
      dual-process view cannot explain these results; rather, a multiprocess view
      appears necessary to account for nonassociative learning in Aplysia.

PMID- 3388033
TI  - Inactivation of the retinoblastoma susceptibility gene in human breast cancers.
AB  - Mutational inactivation of the retinoblastoma susceptibility (RB) gene, a
      recessive cancer gene, has been implicated in the genesis of retinoblastoma and
      certain other human neoplasms. This gene is now shown to be inactivated in two of
      nine human breast cancer cell lines examined. The RB gene of one cell line had a
      homozygous internal duplication of a 5-kilobase region containing exons 5 and 6.
      The RB messenger RNA transcript was correspondingly lengthened, and its
      translation was probably terminated prematurely due to a shifted reading frame.
      The other cell line had a homozygous deletion of the RB gene that removed the
      entire gene beyond exon 2. The RB gene product, pp110RB, was not detectable in
      either cell line by immuno-precipitation with specific antibodies. These findings
      are significant in relation to proposed genetic mechanisms of breast cancer
      formation.

PMID- 3388034
TI  - Adrenal medulla grafts in animals.

PMID- 3388035
TI  - Psychoanalysis.

PMID- 3388036
TI  - Politics of the heart.

PMID- 3388037
TI  - Biotechnology investment lags.

PMID- 3388038
TI  - Panel completes interviews in "Baltimore case".

PMID- 3388039
TI  - Becker to retain NIH research post.

PMID- 3388040
TI  - Molecular photography with an X-ray flash.

PMID- 3388041
TI  - Helical repeat and linking number of surface-wrapped DNA.
AB  - The geometric properties of duplex DNA are systematically altered when the DNA is
      wrapped on a protein surface. The linking number of surface-wrapped closed
      circular DNA is the sum of two integers: the winding number, phi, a function of
      the helical repeat; and the surface linking number, SLk, a newly defined
      geometric constant that accounts for the effects of surface geometry on the twist
      and writhe of DNA. Changes in the helical repeat, h, and in the winding number
      can be deduced solely from surface geometry and superhelix density, sigma. This
      treatment relates the theoretically important properties twist and writhe to the
      more experimentally accessible quantities phi, h, SLk, and sigma. The analysis is
      applied to three biologically important cases: interwinding of DNA in a
      plectonemic superhelix, catenated DNA, and minichromosomes.

PMID- 3388042
TI  - Diffusion of small solutes in polymer-containing solutions.
AB  - Diffusion processes involving polymers are common in scientific and engineering
      separations and are a major component of biological functions. Analyses of these
      systems are usually based on versions of the Stokes-Einstein equation, although
      order of magnitude deviations have been observed. Presented here is a theoretical
      correction to the Stokes-Einstein equation containing a "local viscosity"
      function that combines diffusional hydrodynamics with Maxwell's treatment of
      electrical resistance in inhomogeneous regions. The resulting equation accurately
      predicts experimental diffusion data within tight bounds for polymer
      concentrations from 0 to 9 percent. It requires knowledge only of thermodynamics
      and of pure solvent and solution viscosities.

PMID- 3388043
TI  - Molecular cloning of odorant-binding protein: member of a ligand carrier family.
AB  - Odorant-binding protein (OBP) is found in nasal epithelium, and it selectively
      binds odorants. Three complementary DNAs encoding rat odorant-binding protein
      have now been cloned and sequenced. One clone contains an open reading frame
      predicted to encode an 18,091-dalton protein. RNA blot analysis confirms the
      localization of OBP messenger RNA in the nasal epithelium. This OBP has 33
      percent amino acid identity to alpha 2-microglobulin, a secreted plasma protein.
      Other members of an alpha 2-microglobulin superfamily bind and transport
      hydrophobic ligands. Thus, OBP probably binds and carries odorants within the
      nasal epithelium to putative olfactory receptors.

PMID- 3388044
TI  - Vasopressin mRNA in the suprachiasmatic nuclei: daily regulation of polyadenylate
      tail length.
AB  - Daily variation has been found in the length of the polyadenylate tail attached
      to vasopressin messenger RNA in the suprachiasmatic nuclei, which is the location
      of an endogenous circadian pacemaker in mammals. No such variation was found in
      the supraoptic or paraventricular nuclei. This variation in the length of the
      polyadenylate tail may underlie the circadian rhythm of vasopressin peptide
      levels in cerebrospinal fluid and is a unique example of a daily rhythm in
      messenger RNA structure.

PMID- 3388045
TI  - Long lives for homozygous trembler mutant mice despite virtual absence of
      peripheral nerve myelin.
AB  - Nervous system functions are dependent on point-to-point communication of signals
      along neuronal axons, and axonal insulation by myelin is thought to speed such
      conduction. Loss of previously formed myelin or lack of myelin formation can have
      serious, even fatal, consequences. Mice homozygous for the trembler mutation make
      virtually no peripheral nervous system myelin, yet have long and functional
      lives. This result calls into question the view that peripheral nervous system
      myelin plays a vital role, at least in this species.

PMID- 3388046
TI  - Type-restricted neutralization of molecular clones of human immunodeficiency
      virus.
AB  - In a study of the immunologic significance of the genetic diversity present
      within single isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), the
      neutralization of viruses derived from molecular clones of the HIV-1 strain HTLV
      IIIB by an extensive panel of sera was compared. Sera from HIV-1-infected
      patients and from goats immunized with polyacrylamide gel-purified HIV-1 envelope
      glycoprotein (gp120), native gp120, or gp120-derived recombinant peptides, showed
      marked heterogeneity in neutralizing activity against these closely related
      viruses. The change of a single amino acid residue in gp120 may account for such
      "clonal restriction" of neutralizing activity.

PMID- 3388048
TI  - Surgical treatment of complete acromioclavicular separations. A review of 40
      patients.

PMID- 3388047
TI  - [Results of surgically treated acetabular fractures].

PMID- 3388049
TI  - [Value of computerized tomography in traumatic hip dislocation].

PMID- 3388050
TI  - [Can accelerated longitudinal growth be prevented following pediatric femur shaft
      fractures?].

PMID- 3388051
TI  - Non-skeletal accumulation of bone seeking agents: pelvis.

PMID- 3388052
TI  - Bone imaging--"cold rib" sign in bone destruction with adjacent soft tissue mass.

PMID- 3388053
TI  - Uniappendicular increased uptake in bone imaging.

PMID- 3388054
TI  - Increased uptake in the lower neck on bone images.

PMID- 3388055
TI  - Absent-decreased perfusion in the cerebral SPECT study using I-123 HIPDM.

PMID- 3388056
TI  - Delayed gastric emptying associated with gastric bezoar.

PMID- 3388057
TI  - Nuclear orthopedics.

PMID- 3388058
TI  - Hematological aspects of infectious diseases I.

PMID- 3388059
TI  - [Effects of background lights on spatial tuning characteristics of pattern
      electroretinograms].

PMID- 3388060
TI  - [Effect of microinjection of etorphine into the dorsal hippocampus on the
      forelimb withdraw reaction induced by stimulating the splanchnic nerve in the
      conscious rabbit].

PMID- 3388061
TI  - [Functional relationship between the pressor effect of the substantia nigra and
      depressor effect of the nucleus arcuatus hypothalami].

PMID- 3388062
TI  - [Cold tolerance of the membrane potentials in cardiac cells of the ground
      squirrel Citellus dauricus].

PMID- 3388063
TI  - [Effect of microinjection of monosodium glutamate into the obex area of the
      medulla on respiratory rhythm in rabbits].

PMID- 3388064
TI  - [Changes in pulmonary arterial pressure following injection of acetylcholine into
      the pulmonary artery in the rabbit].

PMID- 3388066
TI  - Selective or comprehensive primary health care?

PMID- 3388065
TI  - [The role of enkephalin in the contraction of the ileum circular muscle of the
      guinea-pig and rabbit].

PMID- 3388067
TI  - [Selective health systems: a trap for health politics in the Third World].
AB  - The authors examine the evolution of the PHC approach in historical perspective,
      present definitions and criteria of what PHC actually means, look upon deviations
      of conceptual content and practice of PHC and end up with a socio-political as
      well as a technical critique of the so-called 'selective' PHC. Modern health
      systems evolved in developing countries modelled on the 'western' biomedical
      health care systems. Yet even colonial medical services contained also
      progressive elements, as e.g. the acceptance of the need to de-centralise
      hospital care to peripheral health posts, or the stress on more rational
      distribution and utilisation of drugs. The vertical programmes developed under
      this approach showed clearly their limitations and the conference of Alma-Ata can
      be looked at as a turning point, where a new model of health care, i.e. PHC, was
      designed. Though there exists a widespread resistance in industrialised countries
      against adopting this new model, it was not at all limited only to developing
      countries. As with every innovative idea, the PHC strategy provoked contradictory
      views and large differences in interpretation. But, the authors stress, PHC is
      neither a doctrine, or a theory but the outcome of decades of field-experience of
      concerned scientists and practitioners. The essential criteria of PHC include:
      Accessibility: need for improved first contact with the health care system,
      demanding efforts of decentralising the existing health system without neglecting
      the quality of care on higher-level medical services. PHC is essentially an
      action-programme designed around the well-known eight PHC elements, designed to
      meet effective demand and to rationalise medical offer. The eight elements rather
      underline the multiplicity of health action required--they are not considered to
      serve as 'chapters' of PHC policy. PHC is a strategy for re-organising health
      services. The hospitals should serve the peripheral health centres and not the
      other way round. At the same time, curative preventive and promotive actions have
      to be integrated. This necessitates community participation, as the global health
      problems cannot be solved by the health services alone. PHC in so far re-defines
      the role of medicine and looks at health in a holistic way. Medicine is being de
      mystified and individuals and communities are encouraged to take over
      responsibility for their own health. This is not at all the consequence of an
      idealistic view, but derived from field experiences in various circumstances. PHC
      as a new philosophy of health services delivery therefore, stresses: holistic
      action for global health issues, equity, participation, and
      cost/efficiency.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3388068
TI  - Selectivity within primary health care.
AB  - While great strides have been made in improving socioeconomic conditions in the
      developing world, prospects for health for all remain remote. Resources are few,
      and difficult decisions must be made concerning the priorities for their use.
      This paper addresses several topics involved in making these choices including
      the methods for determining priorities and ensuring effectiveness of resource
      use. First, prioritizing. Information is needed concerning the prevalence,
      mortality, morbidity, feasibility and cost of control for each disease of
      importance in the area under consideration. Second, the use of technology. In
      discussion of health care some have denigrated the concentration many programs
      have placed on specific methods and technologies. Nevertheless, technological
      advances, while some have had detrimental results, have often led to improved
      living conditions; for example, improved seed and fertilizer use, improved water
      pumps, family planning efforts. These technologies required a larger investment
      in management, financial and communication systems. Health interventions are
      frequently more various and complex than these and need a similar support system
      for impact. However there are many shortcomings in health services; the paper
      looks at some of these learnt through experience, and concludes that the lack of
      impact on health of large scale health programs that have provided selective
      interventions is probably related to an inadequate recognition of the importance
      of community and political involvement and of the necessary social, cultural,
      financial, management and administrative underpinnings.

PMID- 3388069
TI  - Selective primary health care: the counter revolution.
AB  - Primary health care in the WHO sense was triggered indirectly by the failure of
      the Malaria Eradication Programme. The response to this failure was an
      ideological change which considered that health services were not purely a way of
      delivering health care interventions to people but were something important to
      individuals and groups in their own right. Key changes of this idea called
      primary health care were linked to qualities such as power, ownership, equity and
      dignity. Such an ideological change involves the evolution of new forms to
      reflect the changes in content and some of these structures still require
      development. The advocates of highly selected and specific health interventions
      plus the managerial processes to implement them have ignored, or put on one side,
      the ideas which are at the core of what could be described as the primary health
      care revolution. They are in this sense counter revolutionaries.

PMID- 3388070
TI  - Is there a middle way? Categorical programs for PHC.

PMID- 3388071
TI  - Building the infrastructure for primary health care: an overview of vertical and
      integrated approaches.
AB  - In the past four decades there has been a succession of different approaches to
      the development of infrastructure for the delivery of health services. There have
      been striking similarities among these approaches in both direction and timing in
      many different countries, particularly in the developing world. While the general
      trend has been strongly in the direction of a more comprehensive, integrated
      health infrastructure, there have been important regressions from this path. It
      is suggested that the recent attention given to the delivery of 'selective'
      packages of interventions has often diverted energy and resources from the
      essential task of developing comprehensive, efficient and effective health
      services. This paper begins with an historical review of trends in the
      development of health services infrastructure in recent decades. It proceeds to
      analyse the implications for the organization of health services and for resource
      allocation when the health services infrastructure is viewed as part of a health
      system based on primary health care. Finally, we maintain that district health
      systems based on primary health care provide an excellent practical model for
      health development, including an appropriate health system infrastructure. Within
      this model the concerns with accelerating the application of known and effective
      technologies and the concerns with strengthening of community involvement and
      intersectoral action for health are both accommodated. The district health system
      provides a realistic setting for dialogue and planning involving both
      professionals and non-professionals concerned with health and social development.

PMID- 3388072
TI  - Primary health care: on measuring participation.
AB  - This paper considers the problems of finding measurements for the two major
      principles of primary health care (PHC), equity and participation. Although both
      are of equal importance, the authors concentrate on the assessment of
      participation. A methodology is put forward to define indicators for
      participation in health care programmes as how wide participation is on a
      continuum developed for each of the five factors which influence community
      participation. These factors are: needs assessment leadership, organisation,
      resource mobilisation and management. By plotting a mark on a continuum which is
      defined as wide and narrow at the extremes and is connected with all other marks
      in a spoke arrangement, it is possible to describe a baseline for participation
      in any specific health programme. This baseline can be used to compare the same
      programme at a different point in time, to compare observations by different
      evaluators, and/or to compare perceptions of different participants in the same
      programmes. A case study provides an example of how the indicators might be used.
      These indicators focus on the breadth of participation and not its potential
      social impact, an area which is recognised to be critical for future research.

PMID- 3388073
TI  - Growth monitoring--inappropriate promotion of an appropriate technology.
AB  - Growth monitoring has been identified as an important component of the 'Child
      Survival and Development Revolution'--an initiative advocated by UNICEF and
      supported by several other development agencies. In this initiative, improvements
      in the survival of children are attained through the widespread promotion,
      distribution and utilisation of selected health maintaining technologies by
      family members. Health workers, community institutions and welfare services help
      the family by providing encouragement, support and assistance. Growth monitoring
      has been identified as one of the key technologies--not only because it helps to
      promote the satisfactory nutrition of children, but also because it provides an
      opportunity for uniting other low-cost child health interventions. This paper re
      examines the importance of widespread growth monitoring as a part of child care
      in developing countries. In the early sections, reasons for monitoring the growth
      of children are examined and the role of growth monitoring in primary health care
      is considered. The rationale for including growth monitoring in the child
      survival revolution is explored and the potential benefits of growth monitoring
      are reviewed. The authors then examine the results that have been achieved, to
      date, in a variety of programmes where child growth is being monitored. They
      conclude with a re-assessment of the importance of growth monitoring in child
      care. If the widespread promotion of growth monitoring is being considered as a
      means to improve the health of a community's children, three key questions must
      be answered. What are the risks associated with growth faltering or weight loss?
      To what extent can different health, educational or welfare interventions reduce
      these risks?(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3388074
TI  - Comprehensive can be effective: the influence of coverage with a health centre
      network on the hospitalisation patterns in the rural area of Kasongo, Zaire.
AB  - This study analyses routine data from Kasongo, Zaire in order to assess the
      influence of coverage with a network of health centres delivering primary care on
      hospitalisation patterns. Admission rates are 2.1 times higher for non-covered
      than for covered areas. For non-justified hospitalisations (false positives)
      distance decay is marked both in covered and non-covered areas, but at
      consistently lower levels in covered areas. For justified hospitalisations (true
      positives), hospitalisation rates are markedly lower in covered than in non
      covered areas if one considers areas with reasonable (less than 40-50 km) access
      to the hospital. In more remote areas the relationship is inversed, and
      populations from non-covered areas do not use the hospital at all, whilst some
      people from covered areas do reach the hospital. Reduction of hospitalisation
      rates is for diseases for which standardised technical solutions of known
      efficacy are available at the health centres. Hospitalisation rates for the
      diseases usually targetted by selective PHC programmes are reduced by 86% in the
      covered areas as compared to the non-covered areas. Reduction in hospitalisation
      rates for those diseases accounts for 29% of the total coverage-related
      reduction.

PMID- 3388075
TI  - Government health services versus community: conflict or harmony.
AB  - From their daily experiences with PHC implementation in Mali, the authors discuss
      the relation between the government oriented basic health services (BHS) and the
      community health services (CHS) practised at village level. They question the
      general assumption that the two 'systems' work harmoniously together to improve
      the health of the rural population. They argue that the workers within the BHS
      have little interest in the health of the rural population for economic reasons,
      for reasons of training and background, for reasons of their own curative
      interests and finally for reasons inherent to the BHS organisation. Thus the BHS
      are not likely to respond to the essential needs and problems of the CHS. Some
      suggestions for what can be done in such a situation are made.

PMID- 3388076
TI  - GOBI versus PHC? Some dangers of selective primary health care.
AB  - This article enters the debate concerning comprehensive versus selective primary
      health care by focussing on UNICEF's 'child survival revolution'. It is argued
      that UNICEF is dangerously mistaken in believing that its present emphasis on
      selective primary health care is a precursor or 'leading edge' of comprehensive
      primary health care. The approach of UNICEF--diffusion of a package of
      technologies by campaigns organized from the top down--is more likely to
      undermine the social basis for comprehensive care. The kinds of implementation
      UNICEF has chosen in order to minimize costs and maximize impact on child
      mortality, namely 'social marketing' via mass media and massive, ad hoc delivery
      systems seriously undermine the development of grassroots organization among
      parents and primary health care workers. Indigenuous, local organizations are
      distorted and limited to conduits of a delivery system. Needs are defined outside
      the communities affected. In addition, UNICEF's so-called revolution has in
      common with other selective approaches an ideology accepting as inevitable the
      health effects of economic crisis in the 1980s, further undermining the
      confidence of local groups and health workers who might otherwise conceive of
      their desire to control health conditions as a right. The UNICEF interventions
      popularly known as GOBI-FFF are 'targetted' at individuals, in particular
      'ignorant' mothers. As such they are especially destructive to the process of
      group formation and self-organization of the poor around their just demands for
      water and sanitation, land, shelter, and employment. This article concludes that
      UNICEF's GOBI should either be abandoned or integrated into comprehensive primary
      health care programs that put parents and local workers in control and that
      emphasize continuing political struggle for health rights.

PMID- 3388077
TI  - The straw men of primary health care.
AB  - The following paper discusses the progress made in providing primary health care
      (PHC) to the developing world in the 10 years following the joint WHO/UNICEF
      International Conference on Primary Health Care held at Alma Ata, U.S.S.R., in
      1978. UNICEF is now 12 years from the goal to provide Health for All by the Year
      2000. In this context, the authors describe UNICEF's 'country programming
      approach' to PHC as part of the child survival and development revolution (CSDR),
      articulated by the agency in 1982. A polarization between the two concepts of
      'selective' and 'comprehensive' PHC is examined in the light of quotations from
      the original conference document which set forth strategies and priorities. The
      authors, a consultant and a staff member of UNICEF, respond to criticism of the
      agency in this regard by drawing directly on UNICEF's own work in the field and
      its record of success, even at a time when developing countries are battling
      severe economic constraints and health budgets are being slashed--a contingency
      not foreseen at Alma Ata. WHO evaluations of both the Expanded Program on
      Immunization (EPI) and oral rehydration therapy (ORT) show that accelerated
      programs develop best when underpinned by a good health infrastructure. The
      challenge is to develop priority programs in such a way as to build on or
      strengthen this infrastructure. Flexibility is the key in adapting national
      priorities to local programs. The point is made that international agencies
      should be careful to limit themselves to advocacy and support.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3388078
TI  - [Hypnotic barbiturates].

PMID- 3388079
TI  - [Alcoholization of the adolescents].

PMID- 3388080
TI  - [Sophrology].

PMID- 3388081
TI  - [Admission, the discussion group in the C.H.A.A. Committees].

PMID- 3388082
TI  - [Systematic approach and family therapy of alcoholism].

PMID- 3388084
TI  - [Alcohologists questioning. Alcohologists in question].

PMID- 3388083
TI  - [Prevention--limitations of the medical model].

PMID- 3388085
TI  - [Nursing project in a day care center for adults. Principal elements].

PMID- 3388086
TI  - [Reflections on the specificity of psychiatric nursing].

PMID- 3388087
TI  - [From theory to practice on alcohology].

PMID- 3388088
TI  - [Creation of the percutaneous antegrade access for the removal of renal and
      ureteral calculi].

PMID- 3388089
TI  - [Epileptiform syndrome in pseudohypoparathyroidism].

PMID- 3388090
TI  - [Esophageal cancer in a patient with total situs inversus].

PMID- 3388091
TI  - [ECG and hemodynamics in subarachnoid hemorrhage].

PMID- 3388092
TI  - [Clinical variants of chronic bronchitis and the possibilities of differential
      immunotherapy].

PMID- 3388093
TI  - [Risk factors in the development of neuropathies and facial neuritis].

PMID- 3388094
TI  - [Clinico-epidemiological and prognostic aspects of the problem of epilepsy with
      psychosis].

PMID- 3388095
TI  - [Treatment of uncomplicated compression fractures of the spine in combined
      injuries].

PMID- 3388096
TI  - [Medical aspects of using laser therapy with biophotometric elements].

PMID- 3388097
TI  - [Hypolipidemic therapy].

PMID- 3388098
TI  - [The system of psychological climate in a hospital].

PMID- 3388099
TI  - [Colonoscopy in mass screening of the population].

PMID- 3388100
TI  - [Medico-social criteria of the evaluation of work capacity of patients with lung
      cancer after surgical treatment].

PMID- 3388101
TI  - [Treatment of unstable stenocardia with alpha-tocopherol].

PMID- 3388102
TI  - [Changes in the spectrum of heart sounds in myocardial infarction].

PMID- 3388103
TI  - [Use of therapeutic plasmapheresis in the exacerbation period of multiple
      sclerosis].

PMID- 3388104
TI  - [General and regional autonomic vascular disorders in cerebral angiodystonia].

PMID- 3388105
TI  - [Hemosorption in the complex treatment of unstable stenocardia].

PMID- 3388106
TI  - [The local treatment of gastroduodenal ulcers in their complex therapy].

PMID- 3388107
TI  - [An automatic device for the irrigation of body cavities and wounds].

PMID- 3388108
TI  - [Treatment of acute pancreatitis].

PMID- 3388109
TI  - A new halo-vest: rationale, design and biomechanical comparison to standard halo
      vest designs.
AB  - The traditional halo-vest rigidly grips the cranium, but not the torso.
      Unexpectedly large motion and forces in the cervical spine have been shown by
      others to be present during halo-vest wear. In an effort to reduce these motions
      and forces, an experimental vest has been designed. Motion of the vest on the
      thorax has been measured on four normal volunteers, for each of nine load types,
      for each of seven commercially available vests as well as the experimental vest.
      Despite its lighter weight and less cumbersome structure, the experimental vest
      has the lowest mobility score of all the vests tested.

PMID- 3388110
TI  - Cervical stabilization by plate and bone fusion.
AB  - Anterior stabilization with combined plate and bone fusion was performed after
      neural decompression on ten patients for spondylotic cervical myelopathy, and for
      radiculopathy or trauma in three patients. Medial corpectomy was performed at one
      to four levels. Iliac crest or fibular bone grafts were secured by plates
      anchored to the graft and adjacent vertebral bodies. All patients were placed in
      Minerva braces postoperatively. There was successful fusion in all cases, and no
      graft dislodgement or kyphosis. Early initiation of rehabilitation was achieved.
      Morbidity occurred in patients with severe spondylotic cervical myelopathy. This
      include respiratory depression requiring reintubation in 2/13 procedures,
      dysphagia (2/13) from loosening of the screws or prominent hardware and graft,
      and screw loosening (2/13). Neurological improvement was present in 85% (11/13)
      of patients. There was no deterioration of neurological function in any case. We
      conclude from this early follow-up that anterior bone fusion with supplemental
      plates provides effective stabilization for the unstable cervical spine. Greater
      morbidity risk exists in patients with severe spondylotic cervical myelopathy and
      spastic quadriparesis who required multilevel medial corpectomies and fusion.

PMID- 3388111
TI  - Combined single stage anterior and posterior osteotomy for correction of
      iatrogenic lumbar kyphosis.
AB  - Fifty-four patients were treated by a standardized single stage anterior opening
      wedge and a posterior closing extension wedge osteotomy for back pain associated
      with postoperative loss of lumbar lordosis (iatrogenic flat back syndrome).
      Presenting complaints were fatigue, pain and a stooped posture. Etiological
      factors were, in descending order of frequency, distraction instrumentation with
      the lower end at the L5 or S1 vertebra, thoracolumbar junction kyphosis greater
      than 15 degrees, especially if associated with a hypokyphotic thoracic spine, and
      degenerative changes above and below a previous fusion. Kostuik-Harrington
      instrumentation was used anteriorly for the opening wedge and Dwyer cables and
      screws together with a midline plate were used posteriorly for the closing
      extension osteotomy. Malunion occurred in three patients, one requiring
      recorrection. Pain relief occurred in 48 (90%). Neurological complications
      occurred in two patients, one with permanent deficient. Follow-up averaged 4
      years. Average preosteotomy lordosis L1-S1 was 21.5 degrees and was restored to
      49 degrees (equal to the lordosis before the initial surgery) for an average
      correction of 29 degrees, (range 24 degrees to 63 degrees). Prevention of this
      complication can be accomplished by maintaining normal lordosis at the time of
      initial surgery.

PMID- 3388112
TI  - Reduction of the intracanal fragment in experimental burst fractures.
AB  - An experimental investigation was carried out to create burst fractures and to
      evaluate the mechanisms and degree of reduction of the intracanal fragment with
      posterior instrumentation techniques in multisegmental human cadaver specimens.
      Reduction of the spinal fragment through kyphosis correction and distraction was
      evaluated using CT imaging. With kyphosis correction alone there was no decrease
      in canal compromise; in some cases there was a slight increase in canal
      compromise. Distraction, whether applied before or after kyphosis correction was
      the effective mechanism in reducing the fracture fragment. Kyphosis correction
      applied after distraction did not reduce the fragment further. Posterior devices
      that are used to treat burst fractures of the thoracolumbar spine with intracanal
      fragments should provide some form of distraction.

PMID- 3388113
TI  - A modular spinal rod linkage system to provide rotational stability.
AB  - The effect of cross linkage on the in vitro stability of paired Harrington
      distraction rods was studied in an unstable fracture model using calf spine
      segments. Cross linkage used in conjunction with sublaminar wires significantly
      improved torsional stability, improved lateral bending stability, and had no
      adverse affect on stability for axial, forward flexion, or extension loading
      compared to rods alone, rods with bridges, and wired rods.

PMID- 3388114
TI  - Early clinical experience with the Syracuse I-Plate: an anterior spinal fixation
      device.
AB  - Sixteen patients were treated with a new anterior internal fixation device after
      thoracolumbar or lumbar decompression, and fusion with bone grafting. Ten
      patients had acute burst fractures, four had metastatic tumors, and two had old,
      healed fractures with deformity. In the acute fracture group, eight patients had
      neurologic deficits and seven patients experienced improvement. Six patients had
      lesions of the conus medullaris, all of which improved. The four patients with
      metastatic tumors underwent surgery for back and leg pain and all gained
      significant relief. Two patients had correction of old fracture deformity with
      satisfactory outcome. Complications were minimal. The new anterior stabilization
      device provided early stability, allowed early patient mobilization, was easy to
      insert, and has a low profile. Late collapse, non-union, and kyphotic deformity
      have not been noted thusfar.

PMID- 3388115
TI  - Response of the ligamentous lumbar spine to cyclic bending loads.
AB  - The effect of a "pure" cyclic flexion bending moment on the three-dimensional
      load-displacement behavior of fresh ligamentous lumbar spine was investigated.
      The load-displacement behavior, for 11 L1-sacrum specimens, pre- and post-cyclic
      fatigue bending tests were quantified using a Selspot II system. A special
      fixture was designed to mount the specimen within the MTS system to administer
      "pure" cyclic flexion bending, under displacement control, for 5 hours. The
      testing was accomplished in a 100% humidity chamber at 0.5 Hz. The maximum cyclic
      bending moment, based on the literature dealing with loads experienced by the
      spine during activities involving lifting, was set at 3.0 Nm. An increase in
      motion of the order of 10% in the extension loading mode was observed. The
      increase in motion in other loading modes was not significant. In the extension
      loading mode, the increase in the anteroposterior displacement
      (retrodisplacement) in general was higher than the corresponding rotation
      component. The results suggest that the bending moment of low magnitude, usually
      experienced by the spine during activities of daily living, alone may not trigger
      the mechanical failure processes in the disc. The presence of high axial
      compressive loads on the disc seems to be the main contributing factor in this
      process. The presence of bending moments and axial twist along with axial
      compressive load may accelerate the unstable processes leading to low back pain.

PMID- 3388116
TI  - A study of the effects of bipedism and upright posture on the lumbosacral spine
      and paravertebral muscles of the Wistar rat.
AB  - Twenty-one bipedal rats were prepared by forelimb amputation and reared with 19
      control rats. All of the bipedal rats became proficient upright walkers. There
      was significant anterior wedging of the lower lumbar vertebral bodies in all of
      the bipedal rats and four had radiographic evidence of degenerative disc disease.
      Five bipedal rats developed lumbosacral disc herniations, and the lumbar neural
      canal was significantly smaller in the bipedal population. There was no
      difference in radionuclide uptake between the two groups. Histochemical analysis
      of the psoas and multifidus muscles showed a significant shift from type I to
      type II fibers in the psoas and from type II to type I fibers in the multifidus
      in the bipedal population. These results indicate that upright posture places
      considerable stress on the lumbosacral spine and paravertebral muscles of the
      rat.

PMID- 3388117
TI  - Lateral lumbar spinal canal stenosis: classification, pathologic anatomy and
      surgical decompression.
AB  - The lateral region of the lumbar spinal canal is subject to pathologic
      alterations which encroach upon the neural structures located within. In order to
      further understanding and facilitate communication among specialists in diverse
      disciplines, a subdivision of the lateral region is proposed to comprise three
      zones: entrance zone, mid-zone and exit zone. The anatomical boundaries of these
      zones are defined and the pathologic conditions of each are described, and serve
      as the basis for techniques of surgical decompression when clinically required.

PMID- 3388118
TI  - The relationship between leg length discrepancy and lumbar facet orientation.
AB  - A study was conducted in 40 patients to determine whether or not there was an
      association between subtle leg length discrepancy and lumbar facet orientation,
      but failed to show an association between the two variables.

PMID- 3388119
TI  - Extraosseous spinal lesions mimicking disc disease.
AB  - To identify characteristics of patient presentation that would help distinguish
      extraosseous spinal tumors from the more common herniated disc, nine cases of
      intraspinal tumors were reviewed. These nine patients were identified in a group
      of 744 patients who presented with symptoms similar to disc herniation but failed
      to respond to conservative care and underwent spinal surgery. This study
      indicates that intraspinal tumor should be suspected in patients with the
      following characteristics: 1) painless neurological deficit; 2) night pain or
      pain which increases in the supine position; 3) pain disproportionate to that
      normally expected with lumbar disc disease; 4) no change in symptoms after
      successful surgery for herniated disc; 5) elevated spinal fluid protein; or 6) a
      teenager with symptoms of disc herniation. Myelography is an effective radiologic
      procedure for the diagnosis of spinal tumor but MRI should be equally effective
      if the procedure includes a scan of the conus as well as cauda equina.

PMID- 3388120
TI  - Back impairment and disability determination. Another attempt at objective,
      reliable rating.
AB  - Present disability evaluation schedules for the low back are not scientifically
      based and produce very great interexaminer differences. The authors have
      developed a new impairment schedule based on a comprehensive review of the
      medical literature and the collected opinions of a large number of back
      specialists. Tests of the new schedule show a marked decrease in interexaminer
      differences compared to the prior California disability rating schedule. The
      impairment schedule can be readily adapted to any legal system of disability
      rating and can be modified easily to reflect new medical knowledge. The result
      should be a disability rating which is more objective, more scientifically valid,
      and more consistent, reducing litigation, with fairness to both the low-back
      impaired worker and the employer.

PMID- 3388122
TI  - Treatment of the isolated lumbar intervertebral disc herniation: microdiscectomy
      versus chemonucleolysis.
AB  - A long-term goal of spine surgeons has been to reduce the morbidity, cost, and
      recuperative period of primary lumbar disc surgery. In this paper,
      microdiscectomy and chemonucleolysis are evaluated and compared with respect to
      achieving these goals. Two groups of successive, noncompensation patients
      numbering 50 each were studied. All patients met standard clinical and imaging
      criteria for an isolated lumbar vertebral disk herniation. One group was treated
      with chemonucleolysis and the second with micodiscectomy. Average follow-up
      exceeded 3 years. While both treatment groups achieved the stated goal when
      compared with traditional laminectomy, the microdiscectomy groups demonstrated
      statistically superior treatment results, with reduced time to return to work,
      and fewer required subsequent surgical procedures.

PMID- 3388121
TI  - Microlumbar discectomy (MLD).
AB  - This is a retrospective study of microlumbar discectomy (MLD), performed between
      1983 and 1987. During that period, 60 patients underwent the procedure. At follow
      up, after an average of 33.3 months, MLD provided excellent and good results in
      93.3% of cases, fair in 3.3%, and failure in 3.3%.

PMID- 3388123
TI  - Anterior lumbar fusion utilizing transvertebral fibular graft.
AB  - In those instances of failed posterior arthrodesis for spondylolisthesis,
      iatrogenic spondylolisthesis due to posterior neural decompression or severe
      (grade III or IV) spondylolisthesis, anterior stabilization using a fibular strut
      graft appears to be feasible and successful. Eleven patients were treated with
      this technique and ten achieved solid anterior arthrodesi; the eleventh fused
      posterolaterally. All improved symptomatically with no postoperative
      complications, including sexual dysfunction in the male.

PMID- 3388124
TI  - Accelerated degeneration of the segment adjacent to a lumbar fusion.
AB  - Previously reported biomechanical studies on the effects of various types of
      spinal fusion procedures upon the adjacent segment indicate a significant degree
      of increased stress at that segment. This study presents 18 patients in whom new
      symptoms developed from the segment adjacent to a fusion after an average symptom
      free interval of 8.5 years (1-38 years). The most common pathologic condition at
      the adjacent segment was hypertrophic degenerative arthritis of the facet joints.
      Spinal stenosis was found there in eight cases; severe disc degeneration in five;
      degenerative spondylolisthesis in two; and spondylolysis acquisita in one.

PMID- 3388125
TI  - Proplast reconstruction of iliac crest defects.
AB  - Proplast reconstruction of iliac crest defects resulting from bone grafts taken
      for anterior lumbar and cervical fusions is described. The procedure improves the
      cosmetic result, prevents postoperative muscle herniation and may decrease
      postoperative donor site pain. It is a simple procedure with low complication
      rate when performed in the manner described.

PMID- 3388126
TI  - Presidential address, North American Spine Society: pro bono publico.

PMID- 3388127
TI  - [The effect of pregnancy and lactation on food intake and body mass in rats].

PMID- 3388128
TI  - [Cardiovascular diseases as a cause of death in diabetics].

PMID- 3388129
TI  - [Early inflammatory complications in legal abortion].

PMID- 3388130
TI  - [Copper and ceruloplasmin in the blood of patients with psoriasis vulgaris].

PMID- 3388131
TI  - [The neonatal small left colon syndrome].

PMID- 3388132
TI  - [Pancytopenia caused by pyrimethamine].

PMID- 3388133
TI  - [Disconnection of the papilla of Vater during dissection of the duodenum].

PMID- 3388134
TI  - [Arterial vascularization of the lower part of the thigh bone].

PMID- 3388135
TI  - [The importance of pain as an early sign in the diagnosis of neuromuscular
      diseases].

PMID- 3388136
TI  - [Radiologic imaging of the shoulder joint in recurrent shoulder luxation].

PMID- 3388137
TI  - [Contrasts in the healthy kidney as well as in hypernephroma in the nuclear spin
      tomography image using different measuring sequences in comparison with
      computerized tomography].

PMID- 3388138
TI  - [MR tomography of the face and neck. Diagnostic value of MR, taking into account
      the use of gadolinium-DTPA, in comparison with CT].

PMID- 3388139
TI  - [Are periodic evoked potentials in man in static magnetic fields processed as
      time functions?].

PMID- 3388140
TI  - [Clinical application of panoramic zonography].

PMID- 3388141
TI  - [A test bed concept for carrying out tests in conformity with DIN 6815 (radiation
      protection tests), DIN 6868 T. 50 (acceptance tests) and DIN 6868 T.3 and T.4
      (consistency tests)].

PMID- 3388142
TI  - [Quality control in mammography. 2. Constants check].

PMID- 3388143
TI  - [Cine-CT: a new procedure in x-ray computed tomography].

PMID- 3388144
TI  - [Value of computed tomography in the diagnosis of primary ovarian tumors].

PMID- 3388145
TI  - [Value of intravenous injection of contrast media in thoracic computed
      tomography].

PMID- 3388146
TI  - [Design of a cervical collar for rheumatoid arthritis--with special reference to
      atlanto-axial subluxation].

PMID- 3388147
TI  - [Immunologic abnormality of collagen diseases, with special reference to
      rheumatoid arthritis].

PMID- 3388148
TI  - [Pathological studies on intimal thickening of renal arteries in SLE].

PMID- 3388149
TI  - [Revised diagnostic criteria for Behcet's disease in 1987].

PMID- 3388150
TI  - Boxing--what should doctors do?

PMID- 3388151
TI  - Diltiazem compared with hydrochlorothiazide in the treatment of mild-to-moderate
      essential hypertension.
AB  - The efficacy of diltiazem (DTZ) (Tilazem; Parke-Davis) 90-180 mg twice daily was
      compared with that of hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) 25-50 mg once daily in the
      monotherapy of mild-to-moderate essential hypertension using a double-blind,
      double-dummy technique. Twenty-nine patients were randomly assigned to two groups
      and after a 4-week placebo period treated with HCT 25 mg once daily or DTZ 90 mg
      twice daily for 12 weeks. Dosage was doubled at week 8 in non-responders. Cross
      over of therapy took place after a 4-week placebo washout. Both drugs effectively
      reduced raised arterial pressures with little change in pulse rate. HCT caused a
      slight elevation of the mean serum urate level. The study confirms that diltiazem
      offers an effective well-tolerated monotherapy for essential hypertension.

PMID- 3388152
TI  - Frequent fetal heart-rate monitoring for early detection of abruptio placentae in
      severe proteinuric hypertension.
AB  - Abruptio placentae occurred in 16 of 132 patients with severe pre-eclampsia who
      were admitted to an obstetric high-risk ward before 34 weeks' gestation. These 16
      patients were compared with those who did not develop abruptio placentae.
      Systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels, proteinuria and birth weights did
      not differ significantly between the two groups. Apgar scores were significantly
      lower in the abruptio placentae group. There were 6 intra-uterine and 2 neonatal
      deaths in the abruptio placentae group (50% perinatal mortality (PNM] and 3 intra
      uterine and 16 neonatal deaths in the other group (18% PNM). Four patients with
      abruptio placentae presented with abnormal fetal heart-rate patterns and 8 with
      abdominal pain. No warning signs were present in 3 patients and the fetal heart
      rate pattern before delivery was not available in 1 patient. Abnormal fetal heart
      rate patterns were present in 5 of the 8 patients who presented with pain.
      Abruptio placentae occurring in patients with severe proteinuric hypertension
      carries a high PNM. Frequent monitoring of the fetal heart rate sometimes helps
      to diagnose fetal distress before the clinical signs of abruption become
      apparent.

PMID- 3388153
TI  - The present status of family planning.

PMID- 3388154
TI  - Evaluation of a facility for family medicine vocational training.
AB  - Vocational training for family medicine/general practice has been accepted and
      implemented in much of the Western world, and implementation locally is being
      investigated. A large public sector primary care service has been evaluated as a
      potential facility for providing part of a vocational training programme. The
      conclusions drawn are positive.

PMID- 3388155
TI  - Percutaneous nephrolithotomy. The first 50 cases.
AB  - Initial experience at two centres in Cape Town with a new technique for the
      removal of urinary calculi is described. The technical difficulties encountered
      and the methods used to overcome them are outlined. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy
      has rendered conventional open surgery largely obsolete for treatment of stone
      disease of the upper urinary tract.

PMID- 3388156
TI  - No cyclosporin A for young diabetics.

PMID- 3388157
TI  - Angiosarcoma of the breast. A case report.
AB  - A case of angiosarcoma of the breast in a 39-year-old black woman is described
      and the presentation, management and clinical course of this rare tumour are
      discussed.

PMID- 3388158
TI  - Bilateral middle-ear squamous cell carcinoma. A case report.

PMID- 3388159
TI  - Chorea and psychiatric changes in organophosphate poisoning. A report of 2
      further cases.
AB  - The acute muscarinic and nicotinic side-effects of organophosphate poisoning are
      well known. Less commonly encountered are neurological symptoms such as chorea
      and psychiatric disturbances such as psychoses and depression. Two patients with
      organophosphate poisoning are described, both exhibiting marked choreiform
      dyskinesias and one experiencing severe depression and emotional lability. Both
      responded well to the appropriate treatment. Because of the widespread use of
      organophosphate insecticides in agriculture, the neurological and psychiatric
      effects of chronic low-dose exposure to organophosphates in farmers and their
      employees deserves attention.

PMID- 3388160
TI  - Smoking and health--the doctor's role.

PMID- 3388161
TI  - Second messenger systems in gastric acid secretion.

PMID- 3388162
TI  - The role of cytoprotection in ulcer healing, with special reference to
      prostaglandins.

PMID- 3388163
TI  - Effect of highly selective vagotomy on gastric mucus in the bile duct-ligated
      pig.

PMID- 3388164
TI  - Pathogenesis of gastric mucosal injury.

PMID- 3388165
TI  - Damage to the gastric mucosa by free radicals.

PMID- 3388166
TI  - Campylobacter pylori and the gastric mucosa.

PMID- 3388167
TI  - Pharmacology of the proton pump.

PMID- 3388168
TI  - Evidence for proteolytic disruption of gastric mucus coat by Campylobacter
      pylori.

PMID- 3388169
TI  - Preferential ulcer coating by sucralfate.

PMID- 3388170
TI  - Interdigestive acid secretion: species variation and the role of the duodenal
      inhibitory mechanism.

PMID- 3388171
TI  - Influence of glucagon on gastric acid secretion: in vivo and in vitro studies.

PMID- 3388173
TI  - Social Security related legislation in 1987.

PMID- 3388172
TI  - Commentary: continuous work history sample.

PMID- 3388174
TI  - Mesoatrial shunt hemodynamics.
AB  - Hemodynamic profiles were obtained for patients with portal hypertension
      secondary to the Budd-Chiari syndrome who underwent mesoatrial shunting
      procedures. In contrast to the well-known hyperdynamic, low-resistance state of
      chronic cirrhosis, patients with the Budd-Chiari syndrome had normal cardiac
      index and systemic vascular resistance values before anesthesia and surgery.
      Opening the mesoatrial shunt produced a 46% (p less than 0.01) increase in
      cardiac index and a 38% (p less than 0.01) decrease in overall systemic vascular
      resistance. Right atrial pressure and pulmonary capillary wedge pressures were
      sharply increased--by 5.3 mm Hg and 4.7 mm Hg, respectively (p less than 0.01). A
      mathematical model was developed to assess the cause of the observed changes in
      systemic vascular resistance. The model suggests that the hemodynamic changes
      seen with shunt opening are unlikely to be the result of shunt effects alone and
      that dilatation of peripheral vascular beds is probable. Thus shunting converts
      the normal systemic vascular resistance and cardiac index of patients with the
      Budd-Chiari syndrome to the high-output, low-resistance state seen in patients
      with chronic cirrhosis. Although the physiology is complex, we conclude that the
      data are consistent with release, by the shunting process, of a systemic
      vasodilator.

PMID- 3388175
TI  - Early pulmonary and hemodynamic effects of a chest wall burn (effect of
      ibuprofen).
AB  - The cardiopulmonary effects of a third-degree scald burn involving the
      anterolateral chest wall was compared with a burn of equal size (30% of total
      body surface) to the flanks in anesthetized sheep with lung lymph fistulas. The
      chest-burn group was characterized by immediate decreases in cardiac output (6.5
      to 3.0 L/min), central venous pressure (5 mm Hg to 0 mm Hg), pulmonary wedge
      pressure (10 mm Hg to 6 mm Hg), and urine output 1.5 ml/kg/hr to less than 0.5
      ml/kg/hr. The temperature of pulmonary artery blood increased from 38 to 42
      degrees C and plasma prostacyclin increased from 20 to 200 pg/ml. These changes
      were significantly different from those seen in the body sheep with burns.
      Initial fluid requirements necessary to restore filling pressures were 50%
      greater in the sheep with chest burns than in the sheep with body burns. An early
      decrease in static lung compliance was also seen after chest burn that was not
      the result of increased lung edema. A progressive decrease in compliance, urine
      output, and stroke output was also seen in the later postburn period (6 to 7
      hours), which was significantly improved by a chest wall escharotomy. Postmortem
      analysis in the chest-burn group revealed a significantly increased
      malondialdehyde content, a reflection of increased oxygen radical-induced lipid
      peroxidation relative to the body burn. Pretreatment of the chest burn with
      ibuprofen, 12.5 mg/kg, prevented the initial vasodilator and lung compliance
      changes so that early cardiopulmonary status was identical to that seen with a
      body burn alone. Ibuprofen also decreased the lung tissue malondialdehyde
      content. We conclude that a burn involving the chest wall results in
      cardiopulmonary abnormalities, not seen after a body burn of a comparable size,
      which appear to be due to hyperthermia and an increased release of prostacyclin
      and O2 radicals.

PMID- 3388176
TI  - Preoperative balloon-tipped catheter placement for proximal control in visceral
      artery aneurysm surgery.
AB  - A 13 cm false aneurysm of the common hepatic artery developed after repeated
      episodes of pancreatitis in a 47-year-old man with diabetes who was undergoing
      chronic hemodialysis. A balloon-tipped catheter was positioned in the common
      hepatic artery before operation. This maneuver allowed proximal control of the
      aneurysm and suture closure of the hepatic artery defect with minimal dissection
      and blood loss in this high-risk patient.

PMID- 3388177
TI  - Interaction of prostaglandins, activated complement, and granulocytes in clinical
      sepsis and hypotension.

PMID- 3388178
TI  - Surgical aspects of N-myc oncogene amplification of neuroblastoma.
AB  - The surgical aspects of N-myc oncogene amplification of neuroblastic tumors were
      studied in 42 patients with ganglioneuroblastoma or neuroblastoma. The cumulative
      survival rate of patients with fewer than 10 copies of N-myc (L group) was 73.7%
      48 months after initiation of therapy, whereas the rate for those with more than
      10 copies of N-myc (H group) was 0% by 20 months (P less than 0.000001). Clinical
      prognostic factors of neuroblastic tumors such as age, stage, histologic
      findings, and primary site correlated with the amplification of N-myc. N-myc
      amplification of more than 10 copies was evident in one of 16 (6.3%) patients
      less than 1 year of age and in 13 of 26 (50%) patients over 1 year of age and was
      detected in one of six tumors in stage II, four of 10 in stage III, seven of 16
      in stage IV, and two of six in stage IV-S. The amplification occurred more
      frequently in patients with neuroblastoma than in those with ganglioneuroblastoma
      and was observed only in tumors of a suprarenal region. Preoperative chemotherapy
      was prescribed for 19 of the 26 patients with stage III or IV tumors and was
      similarly effective in both L and H groups. Ipsilateral nephrectomy or combined
      resection of a part of liver had to be performed in nine of 11 (82%) patients
      with stage III or IV tumors in the H group but in only one of 15 (6.7%) in the L
      group, thereby suggesting that the tumor with an amplified N-myc is more
      invasive. In patients in the advanced stage, total or nontotal resection of the
      tumor did not affect the survival in the L group, but the survival interval was
      prolonged significantly by the total removal of the tumor in patients in the H
      group. These data should aid in the surgical treatment of patients with poor
      prognostic neuroblastoma and an amplified N-myc oncogene.

PMID- 3388179
TI  - Tissue inflammation without bacteria produces increased oxygen consumption and
      distant organ lipid peroxidation.
AB  - An inflammatory focus was produced by implantation of gauze below the hide in the
      flanks of six sheep with flank lymph fistulas. Physiologic and metabolic
      parameters were monitored in the unanesthetized animals for 7 days, after which
      the gauze was removed and monitoring continued for another 5 days. Animals were
      then killed. Lung and liver tissue was inspected and analyzed for lipid peroxide
      content. Data were compared with those of six controls in which gauze was not
      implanted. We noted a transient significant increase (on day 1 only) in wound
      lymph, thromboxane B2, and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha from baseline values of 190 +/- 70
      and 20 +/- 10 pg/ml to 1000 +/- 240 and 420 +/- 70 pg/ml, respectively. Plasma
      values were also significantly increased on day 1. Body temperature increased by
      1 degree C and cardiac index increased by 30% during this period, whereas oxygen
      consumption, VO2, was not significantly increased. The VO2 and cardiac index
      increased by 50% over baseline, beginning on day 5, whereas systemic vascular
      resistance decreased. Body temperature was not increased. These changes
      corresponded with an increase in wound lymph monocyte count from 0% to 15% of
      total. The VO2 and cardiac index remained increased after gauze removal. No
      bacteria were found in the wound. Postmortem analysis revealed a marked monocyte
      macrophage infiltration in both lung and liver. Lung water, represented as water
      content over dry weight, was normal. Lung and liver lipid peroxidation, measured
      by the by-product malondialdehyde content, increased 300% and 90% over control
      values, respectively. We conclude that a local, nonbacteria-induced wound
      inflammation increases VO2, with the increase not corresponding to increase in
      body temperature. Distant organ changes, namely, changes in lung and liver, were
      also evident 5 days after gauze removal.

PMID- 3388180
TI  - Postoperative pulmonary complications: general anesthesia with postoperative
      parenteral morphine compared with epidural analgesia.
AB  - In a prospective study, patients undergoing abdominal cancer surgery were
      randomly allocated to receive either general anesthesia with fentanyl
      intravenously and postoperative analgesia with parenteral morphine (GA group) or
      general anesthesia combined with epidural bupivacaine and epidural morphine for
      postoperative pain relief (EP group). Analgesia was tested on a visual pain
      scale. Pulmonary complications were evaluated by clinical complications, blood
      gas analysis, x-ray film changes, and pulmonary volumes (vital capacity, forced
      expiratory volume in 1 second). Measurements were performed on the day before the
      operation and on the first 5 postoperative days. In the EP group the pain relief
      was significantly better on the first day (p less than 0.03). Whatever the
      criteria used, the rates of pulmonary complications were similar in the two
      groups: clinical complications 21% versus 26%, radiologic complications 50%
      versus 64% for GA and EP groups, respectively. Postoperative PaO2 and spirometric
      values were similar in the two groups. Postoperative epidural analgesia may
      improve the patient's comfort but does not decrease the incidence of pulmonary
      complications.

PMID- 3388181
TI  - The portal hypertensive gastric mucosa: histologic, ultrastructural, and
      functional analysis after aspirin-induced damage.
AB  - We assessed macroscopic, histologic, ultrastructural, and functional features of
      aspirin-induced gastric mucosal injury in portal hypertensive and sham-operated
      rats. Portal hypertension was produced by staged portal vein ligation. Four hours
      after intragastric acidified aspirin administration, intraluminal pH in portal
      hypertensive rats was 6.6 +/- 0.2 and 4.3 +/- 0.5 in sham-operated controls (p
      less than 0.01). Gross mucosal damage was significantly greater in portal
      hypertensive rats compared with controls (18 +/- 2 versus 7 +/- 1% of total
      mucosal area). Histologic deep necrosis involved 22 +/- 2% of mucosal section
      lengths in portal hypertensive rats compared with 7 +/- 1% in sham-operated rats
      (p less than 0.01). In portal hypertensive rats, histologic and ultrastructural
      evaluation demonstrated capillary endothelial abnormalities, arterialization of
      submucosal veins, and markedly greater severity of microvascular damage than in
      sham-operated controls. Neutralized aspirin (pH, 7.0) did not produce any
      significant damage detectable grossly, histologically, or by transmission
      electron microscopy in portal hypertensive rats. We conclude that acid-dependent
      aspirin-induced gastric mucosal damage is significantly increased in portal
      hypertension.

PMID- 3388183
TI  - [Operating room nursing. We urge more positions, not a new occupational group].

PMID- 3388182
TI  - Increased total and free ionized calcium in a canine model of pigment gallstones.
AB  - It has been postulated that precipitation of calcium from bile is important in
      the formation and growth of pigment gallstones, since they contain large amounts
      of calcium. Therefore we studied biliary total calcium [( Ca]) and free ionized
      calcium [( Ca++]) concentrations in 12 dogs before and after 6 weeks of a
      methionine-deficient, high-cholesterol diet. In all dogs pigment gallstones and
      sludge formed while the animals were on the diet. Although gallbladder function-
      as assessed by biliary pH, total bile salt, and bile electrolyte concentrations-
      was minimally altered by the diet, both [Ca] and [Ca++] increased significantly,
      from 10.16 +/- 0.19 to 13.16 +/- 0.57 mmol/L and 3.02 +/- 0.07 to 3.76 +/- 0.17
      mmol/L, respectively. The observed increases in calcium concentrations, and
      specifically in [Ca++], early during stone formation in this model would increase
      the likelihood that bile would become saturated with at least one calcium salt
      and support the hypothesis that calcium is important in pigment gallstone
      formation.

PMID- 3388184
TI  - [Training program for nurse assistants in operating room activities].

PMID- 3388185
TI  - [Nursing process--does it give us a common professional understanding?].

PMID- 3388186
TI  - [Nurses in Africa. Mozambique--its health services are a target for the enemy].

PMID- 3388187
TI  - [New Norwegian vaccine against meningeal infection].

PMID- 3388188
TI  - [National Health Plan. Health for some by the year 2000--or priority setting
      now?].

PMID- 3388189
TI  - [Pain treatment. Pain relieve--only for those with strong inner strength?].

PMID- 3388190
TI  - [The elderly flourish in self-help groups].

PMID- 3388192
TI  - [Scandinavia's first hospice].

PMID- 3388191
TI  - [Well-being in the patient's room. Most have cancer and enjoy the pictures].

PMID- 3388193
TI  - [HIV testing of pregnant women].

PMID- 3388194
TI  - [HIV testing at the time of prenatal care in Oslo].

PMID- 3388195
TI  - [National Health Plan--or for want of something like that?].

PMID- 3388196
TI  - [Nursing relay race. There are many of us and we are needed!].

PMID- 3388197
TI  - [Self-help groups and nurses' role].

PMID- 3388198
TI  - [Report from Nicaragua. Revolution has changed Nicaraguan health services].

PMID- 3388199
TI  - [A nontraditional hospital. Vidar Clinic--anthroposophic hospital in Sweden].

PMID- 3388200
TI  - [The concept of care. I. Responsibility and solidarity. A moral-philosophical and
      socio-political understanding of care].

PMID- 3388201
TI  - [Focus on Finnmark--when economizing means giving up].

PMID- 3388202
TI  - [Focus on Finnmark--challenges meet with new supply].

PMID- 3388203
TI  - [Terminal care. Mercy killing].

PMID- 3388204
TI  - [Active terminal care. Terminal care in The Netherlands].

PMID- 3388205
TI  - [Creativity as therapy].

PMID- 3388206
TI  - [Norwegian nurses help Afghan war victims].

PMID- 3388207
TI  - [Student nurses' project in Vestbredden. Interview by Bjorn Arild Ostby].

PMID- 3388208
TI  - [Light in the tunnel for psychiatry in south Trondelag].

PMID- 3388209
TI  - [Still no wage-freeze for nurses?].

PMID- 3388210
TI  - [Practical instruction in nursing education].

PMID- 3388211
TI  - [Into which nursing role will students socialize?].

PMID- 3388212
TI  - [New institute for nursing science in Tromso].

PMID- 3388213
TI  - [Surgery in the treatment of ovarian cancer].

PMID- 3388214
TI  - [Practical instruction. II. Contact nurses' guidance of student nurses].

PMID- 3388215
TI  - [Talking books at health clinics].

PMID- 3388216
TI  - [From nursing home for the mentally ill to housing and treatment center.
      Interview by Bjorn Arild Ostby].

PMID- 3388217
TI  - [Working place legislation. New legislative model increases effectiveness].

PMID- 3388218
TI  - [Community care. The meaning of 24-hour continuous home nursing in a community].

PMID- 3388219
TI  - [Mental health care and private nursing].

PMID- 3388220
TI  - [Gynecologists in the Radium Hospital].

PMID- 3388221
TI  - [An entirely different 24-hour home care than 10 years ago. Interview by Annelise
      Molvig].

PMID- 3388222
TI  - [Scandinavia's first hospice].

PMID- 3388223
TI  - [This is how we taught intensive care and nursing to the Chinese].

PMID- 3388224
TI  - [AIDS. Shanti: from hopelessness to strength].

PMID- 3388225
TI  - [Slalom between beds does not make for attractive work. Interview by Soren
      Palsbo].

PMID- 3388226
TI  - [Executive Board. Many a proposal can be converted into policy].

PMID- 3388227
TI  - [Angry nurses want a general strike].

PMID- 3388229
TI  - ["Children quarrel, adults argue". Interview by Grethe Kjaergaard].

PMID- 3388230
TI  - [Alternative therapies up for discussion and testing].

PMID- 3388228
TI  - [Sex hormones: inexpensive pills to poor women].

PMID- 3388231
TI  - [You have to make it lively to make them listen to sex and death. Interview by
      Annelise Molvig].

PMID- 3388232
TI  - [The merchant of death is a pharmacist].

PMID- 3388233
TI  - [Students say yes to changes in basic education].

PMID- 3388234
TI  - [It deals with becoming a student self-confident in professional policy].

PMID- 3388235
TI  - [Time has turned away fro the old nursing home system].

PMID- 3388236
TI  - [Others strike in sympathy].

PMID- 3388237
TI  - [This is how Anna lives with her cancer].

PMID- 3388238
TI  - [District psychiatry--renewal or status quo?].

PMID- 3388239
TI  - [In case a child gets smashed under an elephant].

PMID- 3388240
TI  - [Executive Board. Nurses' work environment--a comical tragedy].

PMID- 3388241
TI  - [We who believe in the idea of nursing homes must mount a counter-attack].

PMID- 3388242
TI  - [Lots of good-will but no power].

PMID- 3388243
TI  - [For prematurely born infants have also mothers].

PMID- 3388244
TI  - [AIDS--prevention we can start to learn from].

PMID- 3388245
TI  - [Much satisfaction with team nursing in the home].

PMID- 3388246
TI  - [ADP scepticism turns into positive surprise].

PMID- 3388247
TI  - [Research can also be arranged in Danish].

PMID- 3388248
TI  - [3-shift-duty--from idea to reality].

PMID- 3388249
TI  - [AIDS--more active fear of death among our young people].

PMID- 3388250
TI  - [Amnesty International. Electric torture in Turkey].

PMID- 3388251
TI  - [Leading nurses ought to promote themselves somewhat better].

PMID- 3388252
TI  - [A good juggler? A representative!].

PMID- 3388254
TI  - [Professional arguments for pool money to nurses].

PMID- 3388253
TI  - [Oops! The chest is empty, is not a good enough reason in an application].

PMID- 3388255
TI  - [Psychological problems basic to a brief hospitalization in 2-year-olds].

PMID- 3388256
TI  - [We don't count. Interview by Helle Kastholm Hansen].

PMID- 3388257
TI  - [Comprehensive characteristics of the pulmonary syndrome in chronic liver
      diseases].
AB  - Combined investigations have shown that the pulmonary syndrome in chronic liver
      diseases is a group of changes (heterogeneous in their structure and origin),
      most of which are of intercurrent nature (chronic bronchitis and its
      complications, chronic pneumonia), the lesser part of them is related directly to
      an inflammatory liver process and constitutes the true pulmonary syndrome
      (interstitial pneumonitis, fibrosing alveolitis). In view of the fact that
      chronic liver pathology is attended by concomitant disorders of pulmonary
      ventilation, hemodynamics and immunologic homestasis, the authors propose that
      they should be regarded as a risk factor contributing to the development of
      respiratory diseases.

PMID- 3388258
TI  - [Clinical pharmacology of the new Soviet anti-inflammatory preparation ortofen].
AB  - Comparative pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies on ortophen, a new Soviet
      antiinflammatory drug, and voltaren (Ciba-Geigy, Switzerland) were carried out in
      73 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Pharmacokinetics of both drugs was studied
      in 19 patients (9 patients were given voltaren, 10--ortophen). Pharmacokinetic
      difference was statistically indistinguishable. The comparison of the principal
      routine subjective and objective pharmacodynamic indices revealed no significant
      difference between ortophen and voltaren action. The new drug was shown to
      possess a high analgetic and antiinflammatory activity.

PMID- 3388259
TI  - [Diagnostic potentials of a precordial mapping method in patients with acute and
      chronic forms of ischemic heart disease].
AB  - Diagnostic potentialities of modified 27 and 30 precordial ECG-leads were defined
      for rapid assessment of the coronary blood flow in patients with acute myocardial
      infarction (AMI) and chronic coronary heart disease during an acute
      pharmacological test. ECG criterita of limiting AMI size and ECG criteria of the
      ischemic reaction during the pharmacological xantinol nicotinate test were
      defined. It was proved that the use of multiple ECG leads raised the sensitivity
      of the ECG method in the diagnosis of AMI by 13.6% and in the diagnosis of
      stenosing atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries by 12.9%.

PMID- 3388260
TI  - [Pulmonogenic sepsis with a metastatic splenic abscess in bronchial asthma].
AB  - The authors observed a patient with bronchial asthma who developed acute
      pulmonary pyodestruction with generalization of the infection, a splenic abscess
      and drug allergy against prolonged corticosteroid therapy. Diagnostic
      potentialities, necessary intensive care measures and long-term effects of these
      complications were discussed.

PMID- 3388261
TI  - [A case of alveolar microlithiasis].
AB  - A case of alveolar microlithiasis diagnosed on the basis of a clinical and x-ray
      picture was described. The diagnostic value of an endopulmonary cytogram in this
      patient was discussed. The authors investigated bronchoalveolar washing off
      obtained from bronchoalveolar lavage for morphological diagnosis of this
      pathology.

PMID- 3388262
TI  - [Experience in treating hereditary angioneurotic edema].

PMID- 3388263
TI  - [Optimization of the methods for preventing postoperative pneumonias].
AB  - A study of metabolic, pathomorphological and electron microscopic pulmonary
      changes under clinico-experimental conditions made it possible to elucidate some
      problems related to the origin of postoperative pneumonias, and to outline ways
      of optimization of preventive methods for this complication.

PMID- 3388264
TI  - [Prognostic problems in the activities of the therapist].

PMID- 3388265
TI  - [Ortofen (ortophenum)].

PMID- 3388266
TI  - [Celyase (celyasa)].

PMID- 3388267
TI  - [Current tasks in the training of pulmonologists].

PMID- 3388268
TI  - [Means for increasing the effectiveness of rehabilitation at the sanatorium
      health resort stage in nonspecific lung diseases among the inhabitants of
      southwestern Siberia].
AB  - Rehabilitation of patients with nonspecific pulmonary diseases in the
      "Barnaulsky" sanatorium (521 patients) resulted in a 3.5-fold decrease in the
      number of cases of exacerbation during one year after treatment, the duration of
      temporary disability was decreased 2.7-fold; these indices for the Belokurikha
      health resort (346 patients) were 3.2- and 6-fold, respectively; for prophylactic
      sanatoria at factories (709 patients)--3.3- and 3-fold; for a Crimean health
      resort in Yalta (266 patients)--3.2- and 2.5-fold. After rehabilitation in
      sanatoria dysadaptation reactions were noted in 69% of the patients treated in
      the contrast climatic area and in 16% of the patients treated in local sanatoria.
      Rehabilitation efficacy in patients with dysadaptation was twice less.
      Dysadaptation reaction prophylaxis raised 2-fold the efficacy of treatment in
      sanatoria. The development of specialized pulmonologocal care of patients with
      nonspecific pulmonary diseases in local Siberian sanatoria and health resorts and
      the development of problems related to the etiology, pathogenesis and prophylaxis
      of dysadaptation reactions in patients during treatment in contrast climatic
      health resort areas hold great promise for raising the efficacy of rehabilitation
      of patients residing in the South of West Siberia.

PMID- 3388269
TI  - [Pulmonology--a practical medical specialty].

PMID- 3388270
TI  - [Premorbid states of the bronchopulmonary system in miners].

PMID- 3388271
TI  - [Immunological reactivity of patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis].
AB  - The paper is concerned with the results of a study of the immune status in 14 COB
      patients and 53 patients with COB aggravated by pulmonary emphysema and chronic
      cor pulmonale. The immunologic reactivity of patients was compared with that of
      healthy persons and persons suffering from frequent repeated bronchitides (35).
      Variations in the indices of humoral and cellular immunity and the phagocytic
      system were noted in the COB patients as compared to the normal values. The most
      noticeable shifts in the mean values as well as in disorders of
      interrelationships of immunological indices were noted in the patients with COB
      aggravated by pulmonary emphysema and chronic cor pulmonale. A decision rule was
      proposed for determination of imbalance of indices of the patients' immune
      system.

PMID- 3388272
TI  - [Clinico-genetic research in chronic bronchitis].
AB  - Clinico-genetic analysis was performed in 530 patients with chronic bronchitis
      (CB) and in 760 healthy persons. The frequency of aggravated heredity in the
      patients' parents was significantly higher than that in the healthy persons'
      parents (21.3 +/- 1.8 and 12.1 +/- 1.2%, respectively, P less than 0.05), this
      predominance being associated with such diseases as chronic bronchitis and
      bronchial asthma. A study of a type of familial aggravation has shown that the
      probability of CB development in descendants increases substantially if mother
      suffers from CB, CB morbidity among girls being significantly higher than that
      among boys. The results of a sib analysis also confirm an important role of the
      genetic mechanisms in CB development. Investigations using a twin method (14
      pairs of monozygotic and 39 pairs of dizygotic twins) have demonstrated that
      genetic factors account for 41% in the formation of the leading CB symptoms while
      exogenous factors account for 59%. A study of the blood antigens ABO, Rh, MN, P,
      Hp has revealed different sensitivity of persons with different genetic blood
      markers to CB. Differences in the frequency of antigen combinations were also
      revealed in the patients and in the healthy persons. The results obtained
      indicate the appropriateness of further development of genetic investigations in
      pulmonology.

PMID- 3388273
TI  - [Changes in bronchial patency in patients with tracheobronchial dyskinesia before
      and after conservative treatment].
AB  - The paper is devoted to the results of a study of the time course of changes in
      the indices of bronchial permeability in patients with tracheobronchial
      dyskinesia before and after conservative therapy. The authors defined groups of
      patients with the central localization of the obstructive syndrome, and
      obstructive and restrictive types of pulmonary ventilation disorders, and issued
      specific recommendations for the treatment of patients with the above pathology
      on the basis of an analysis of the results of the study.

PMID- 3388274
TI  - [Effect of intratracheal instillation of a physiological solution on the
      mechanics of breathing in patients with chronic bronchitis and bronchial asthma].
AB  - A study was made of respiratory mechanics in 20 patients with chronic bronchitis
      and 10 patients with bronchial asthma before and after saline intratracheal
      instillation (at once and within 120 min). Disorders of the elastic and non
      elastic mechanical properties of the lungs and the relationship of these changes
      with the presence and expression of the bronchial obstruction syndrome were
      revealed.

PMID- 3388275
TI  - [Effect of intratracheal administration of gentamycin in exacerbations of
      suppurative bronchitis due to gram-negative bacteria and Staphylococcus].
AB  - The effect of intratracheal administration of gentamicin (G) was observed in 22
      patients in exacerbations of chronic purulent bronchitis caused by gram-negative
      bacteria and staphylococcus. A high concentration of gentamicin quickly occurred
      in the sputum, it always exceeded a minimum concentration suppressing the growth
      of an agent isolated from the sputum but its absorption from the respiratory
      tracts was poor: in half of the patients it hardly penetrated the blood, in the
      rest of them its concentration in the blood was insignificant. In order to
      potentiate the therapeutic effect in some of the patients, penicillin or
      gentamicin administration should be continued intramuscularly. The duration and
      type of antibacterial therapy must be based on the results of bacteriological
      investigation of the sputum in the course of treatment.

PMID- 3388276
TI  - [Transcutaneous monitoring of oxygen tension in patients with chronic obstructive
      lung diseases undergoing physical loading].
AB  - Noninvasive monitor-aided transcutaneous determination of oxygen tension--TcPO2
      (oxymonitor SM 361, Hellige, FRG) was performed in 32 patients aged 34 to 70 with
      chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) during bicycle ergometry testing of
      moderate power (300 kgm/min) for 5 min. Respiration biomechanics was investigated
      before testing in all the patients using the method of total plethysmography
      (Pulmorex, Fenyves Gut, Switzerland). During testing all the patients were
      divided into 2 groups with relation to variations of TcPO2 values. A conclusion
      was made that the type of TcPO2 changes during exercise testing of COPD patients
      gave an opportunity for distinguishing between different types of bronchial
      obstruction.

PMID- 3388277
TI  - [The possibility of predicting the development of bronchial asthma].
AB  - A total of 235 patients with bronchial asthma and preasthma and their 85
      relatives of the 1st degree of kinship were investigated. A detailed
      clinicofunctional and immunological investigation including a study of
      histocompatibility antigens, revealed the relationships between bronchial asthma
      development and antigens A2, B13, B21, B35 carriage. The authors presented a
      complex of methods (provocative acetylcholine tests, anaprilin test,
      determination of HLA antigens) permitting the prediction of this disease in
      patients with an aggravated hereditary and allergological history at the
      preclinical stage.

PMID- 3388278
TI  - [Clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment of patients with bronchial asthma and
      intolerance for acetylsalicylic acid].

PMID- 3388279
TI  - [The possibilities and prospects in using the calcium antagonist korinfar in
      patients with bronchial asthma].
AB  - A study of patients with a stable course of bronchial asthma (BA) has confirmed
      the absence of a significant bronchodilating effect of nifedipine during an acute
      drug test (a single sublingual administration of the drug at a dose of 20 mg).
      Preliminary administration of nifedipine at a dose of 20 mg was noted to result
      in the prolongation of a bronchodilating effect of salbutamol inhaled at a dose
      of 200 micrograms, not influencing a degree of its expression. it has been
      assumed that prolonged use of nifedipine would result in reduced requirements of
      BA patients in inhalation sympathomimetics. This therapeutic trend especially
      holds promise for middle aged and aged BA patients with concomitant CHD, arterial
      hypertension. Reduced requirements in sympathomimetics in them would lead to the
      reduction of risk of iatrogenic exacerbations of cardiovascular diseases.

PMID- 3388280
TI  - [Bronchial asthma, elevated bronchial reactivity and physical loading].
AB  - The paper is concerned with a comparative study of the evidence of case
      histories, clinical symptomatology, external respiratory function and the effect
      of beta-adrenergic drugs in patients with bronchial asthma to define conditions
      contributing to the development of a bronchospasm caused by submaximum physical
      exertion. It was shown that submaximum physical exertion was followed by marked
      bronchial obstruction in 60% of patients. A degree of bronchospasm caused by
      physical exertion was in direct relation to a patient's age, the duration of
      disease and a period from the onset of disease. A submaximum exercise test was
      recommended for differential diagnosis of bronchial asthma and a degree of
      nonspecific raised bronchial reactivity.

PMID- 3388281
TI  - [Analysis of trace elements and crystalline formations in the sputum in bronchial
      asthma].
AB  - The content of sputum trace elements was investigated in 12 patients with
      bronchial asthma (BA). The presence of Na, K, Ca, P, Mg, Si, Sn, Fe, Mn, Cu, Ti,
      Ag, Al, V, B was revealed. The absence of Zn and high levels of Ca and Sn were
      observed. Multiple crystalline Ca precipitates (phosphates, carbonates and
      oxalates) were found in the sputum of 56 BA patients. Ammonium urate and uric
      acid were also revealed. The author supposed disturbance of calcium homeostasis
      and purine metabolism in BA patients, involvement of the detected crystalline
      formations in the pathogenesis of BA obstruction bronchospasm and deterioration
      of sputum rheological properties.

PMID- 3388282
TI  - [Acute pneumonias. A roundtable discussion].

PMID- 3388283
TI  - [Effect of prodigiozan on immune reactivity in patients with steroid-dependent
      bronchial asthma].
AB  - An optimum scheme of prodigiosan therapy was developed for patients with steroid
      dependent bronchial asthma taking account of the hormonal and immunological
      status. First the drug was administered at a dose of 0.1 ml of 0.005% solution,
      then in 3-4 days the dose was increased (in good tolerance) up to 0.2-0.4-0.8-1.0
      ml. After the first administration of the drug at a dose exceeding 0.1 ml herpes
      virus could be activated in the body. Course therapy producing a stimulating
      effect on the immune system, inhibited the occurrence of autoimmune
      manifestations, prolonged bronchial asthma remission, permitted the reduction of
      retention of a maintenance dose of glucocorticoids.

PMID- 3388284
TI  - [Prospects in the treatment of chronic respiratory failure].

PMID- 3388285
TI  - [Frequency analysis of the ECG of patients with acute respiratory failure].
AB  - The author presented the results of an amplitude-frequency analysis of ECG of 64
      patients with different forms of acute respiratory insufficiency (101
      investigations). Artificial pulmonary ventilation was performed in all the
      patients, using positive pressure at the end of expiration in 86% of the
      patients. ECG was recorded in 3 orthogonal deflections after Frank. Spectral
      analysis was performed using a spectrobiograph CB-1-ts-02. 5-7 cardiocycles were
      analyzed in each deflection with the processing of 2 ECG segments: the QRS
      complex, S-T segment and T wave. The gaseous composition of the arterial,
      capillary and mixed venous blood was determined in all the patients. The
      deterioration of indices of the blood gaseous composition was accompanied by an
      increase in Am spectrum power values in the X, Y and Z leads against a background
      of a rise of the proportion of high frequency components in the ECG spectrum of
      these leads. Later on in the approximation of the blood gaseous composition
      values to the critical ones, Am values were lower than those in the control group
      which was in line with a decrease in the proportion of high frequency components
      in the ECG signal.

PMID- 3388286
TI  - Observations with subcutaneous heparin calcium used for the prevention of
      postoperative thromboembolism in orthopaedic surgery cases.

PMID- 3388287
TI  - Importance of oral ketoconazole in family planning especially in women using
      intra-uterine device.

PMID- 3388288
TI  - Treatment of gestational iron deficiency disease with tardyferon; monitoring the
      effectivity of treatment.

PMID- 3388289
TI  - Observations with anteovin in family planning advisory unit.

PMID- 3388290
TI  - A new genetic fibrinogen variant (fibrinogen Erfurt I). Structurally
      characterized by an abnormal B beta-chain and present both in plasma and
      platelets.
AB  - An abnormal fibrinogen was discovered in the plasma of a clinically asymptomatic
      woman. This fibrinogen variant was analyzed by high resolution two-dimensional
      gel electrophoresis and its molecular abnormality established consisting in a
      slight decrease in molecular mass of the B beta-chains. Analysis of fibrin
      revealed that cleavage of fibrinopeptide B by thrombin is normal, the molecular
      defect being confined to the beta-portion of the B beta-chain. The same
      fibrinogen variant was detected in the blood platelets of the proposita. This
      finding supports the assumption of a common origin of plasma and platelet
      fibrinogen pools. Family studies revealed the presence of the abnormal fibrinogen
      in a brother of the proposita, thus confirming the genetic nature of the observed
      variant. The underlying mutant gene occurs in both carriers in heterozygous
      state.

PMID- 3388291
TI  - Detection and quantitation of cleaved and uncleaved high molecular weight
      kininogen in plasma by ligand blotting with radiolabeled plasma prekallikrein or
      factor XI.
AB  - A method for the quantitative assay of native single chain and kallikrein cleaved
      two-chain high molecular weight (HMW)-kininogen in plasma is described. Sodium
      dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of whole plasma is
      followed by electrotransfer of the electropherogram to nitrocellulose membranes
      and detection of the blotted HMW-kininogen with its physiologic ligands,
      radiolabeled plasma prekallikrein or radiolabeled factor XI. Using unreduced SDS
      PAGE cleaved two-chain HMW-kininogen (Mr approximately 107,000 and 95,000), is
      electrophoretically separated from uncleaved single chain HMW-kininogen (Mr
      approximately 150,000). Counting the radioactivity of the nitrocellulose pieces
      corresponding to cleaved HMW-kininogen permits its quantitative measurement by
      comparison with standards consisting of decreasing amounts of fully dextran
      sulfate activated normal human plasma. Single chain HMW-kininogen is similarly
      assayed using reduced SDS-PAGE and unactivated normal human plasma standards.
      This technique is highly specific and sensitive to about 50 ng of either cleaved
      or uncleaved HMW-kininogen. Varying amounts of cleaved HMW-kininogen were found
      in a small series of plasmas from patients suffering from various inflammatory
      conditions. Higher levels of in vivo cleaved HMW-kininogen were observed during
      acute attacks of hereditary angioedema due to Cl-inhibitor deficiency. This
      technique may be useful for the assessment of the degree of in vitro or in vivo
      activation of the contact system.

PMID- 3388292
TI  - Time dependence of whole blood aggregation in response to platelet activating
      factor (PAF).
AB  - The aggregation/adhesion response to platelet activating factor (PAF) was studied
      in diluted whole blood by impedance aggregometry. The extent of aggregation
      varied directly with the interval between blood sampling and aggregation
      measurement over the first 30 minutes from sampling, then remained stable for the
      next 60 minutes of observation. This is an effect opposite to that described for
      aggregation to PAF in platelet rich plasma which, however, cannot be studied soon
      after sampling. Time dependence of aggregation is important and comparative
      measurements should be made during the period of stable aggregability.

PMID- 3388293
TI  - Clinical experience with a pasteurised human plasma concentrate in factor XIII
      deficiency.
AB  - A three-day-old infant presented with umbilical haemorrhage. Factor XIII
      deficiency was diagnosed. When one month old she commenced prophylactic
      injections of pasteurised factor XIII concentrate of human plasma origin. During
      two and a half years treatment there were no haemorrhagic episodes and factor
      XIII concentrate was well tolerated. Satisfactory post infusion factor XIII
      levels were achieved. Three transient elevations of aspartate transaminase
      occurred, the cause of which has not been established. There was no evidence of
      transmission of hepatitis or H.I.V. infection. A brother, born one year later, is
      also affected and commenced prophylactic therapy with the same factor XIII
      concentrate. Experience in these two infants suggests the product is efficacious.

PMID- 3388294
TI  - Potentiation by adrenaline of Ca2+ influx and mobilization in stimulated human
      platelets: dissociation from thromboxane generation and aggregation.
AB  - In a medium containing 1 mM extracellular Ca2+ (Ca2+o), the prior addition of 0.5
      microM adrenaline to quin 2-loaded human platelets increased both the rate and
      amplitude of the rise in cytosolic free Ca2+ (Ca2+i) in response to sub-threshold
      concentrations of thrombin and PAF and these effects were not prevented by
      blocking either fibrinogen binding and aggregation or cyclo-oxygenase. In the
      presence of 2 mM EGTA [( Ca2+o] less than 100 nM), the rate, but not the extent
      of rise of [Ca2+i] was enhanced by adrenaline, and this was also unaffected by
      blockade of cyclo-oxygenase. Addition of adrenaline 1 min after the other agonist
      in the presence of 1 mM Ca2+o resulted in aggregation without further elevation
      of [Ca2+i]. Adrenaline thus enhances both influx and intracellular mobilization
      of Ca2+ by a mechanism independent of both fibrinogen binding and thromboxane
      production, but these effects do not fully explain its potentiation of
      aggregation by other agonists.

PMID- 3388295
TI  - Patients with prolonged bleeding time of undefined etiology, and their response
      to desmopressin.
AB  - Between 1981 and 1986, we evaluated 59 patients who presented with isolated
      prolongation of bleeding time with normal platelet counts, platelet aggregation
      and coagulation parameters (including von Willebrand's factor), and without
      evidence of liver or kidney disease, or exposure to anti-platelet agents. These
      patients, termed as vascular fragility syndrome (VFS), were analyzed to further
      characterize their bleeding patterns. The pattern of bleeding manifestations was
      similar to that of patients with platelet dysfunction, such as mucocutaneous
      bleeding or excessive post-operative bleeding. In 16 patients, desmopressin (1
      desamino-8-d-arginine vasopressin, DDAVP) was infused to control active bleeding
      or as a part of pre-surgical evaluation. Bleeding time improved (pre-DDAVP
      bleeding time 15.3 +/- 3.4 min, mean +/- S.D.; post-DDAVP bleeding time 10.7 +/-
      3.9 min; p less than 0.01) within 30 minutes following the DDAVP infusion with
      either satisfactory arrest of acute bleeding or good control of subsequent
      hemostasis with surgery. Side effects with DDAVP were transient and minor, i.e.
      facial flushing, or conjunctival erythema. These findings indicate that VFS with
      isolated prolongation of bleeding time is a frequently encountered bleeding
      disorder and that DDAVP is effective in achieving hemostasis for the management
      of acute bleeding and may be useful prior to surgical procedures.

PMID- 3388296
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of dermatan sulfate in the rabbit after intravenous injection.
AB  - To investigate the pharmacokinetic properties of dermatan sulfate (DS), a new
      potential antithrombotic agent, two different approaches were used. In the first
      one, DS was derivatized with 3-4 hydroxyphenyl propionic acid N
      hydroxysuccinimide ester (SHPP) and iodinated. The labelled derivative was
      injected by IV route to rabbits with increasing doses of unlabelled compound
      ranging from 20 to 4000 micrograms/kg. The disappearance of DS from plasma was
      characterized by measuring both the circulating radioactivity and the biological
      activity using an original assay based upon the catalysis of heparin cofactor II 
      thrombin formation. The radioactivity data indicated that the volume of
      distribution, the clearance and the half life of the tracer were independent of
      the dose of DS injected. DS concentrations measured by the bioassay indicated
      that more than 90% were cleared with half lives close to those calculated from
      the radioactivity data; the remaining biological activity was cleared at a slower
      rate. Experiments performed with bi-nephrectomized animals indicated that the
      kidneys play a major role in the elimination of DS or of its metabolites which
      may have a residual biological activity. In the second set of experiments,
      unlabelled DS was delivered under continuous intravenous infusion for 5 hours at
      5 increasing doses ranging from 160 to 4200 micrograms/kg/h. The biological
      activities were used to measure the plateau concentration of DS: there was a
      linear relationship between the dose delivered and the plasma concentration.
      These data indicate that the pharmacokinetic profile of DS is very close to that
      of low molecular weight heparin, and quite different from that of SH.

PMID- 3388297
TI  - Mean platelet volume and size distribution and their sensitivity to agonists in
      patients with coronary artery disease and congestive heart failure.
AB  - Mean platelet volume was related to platelet count in patients with myocardial
      infarction (n = 55) and patients with congestive heart failure (n = 9). 18
      patients with acute myocardial infarction were tested at admission and 4-7 days
      later, together with 13 patients with chronic stable angina and 10 patients with
      chest pain which was not related to coronary artery disease. In citrated blood a
      relative reduced frequency of large platelets (greater than 13 fl) occurred in
      patients with acute myocardial infarction at admission but was not seen during
      recovery or in patients with chronic stable angina. This suggests consumption of
      large platelets at time of thrombus formation. No relation was found between
      plasma catecholamine levels and mean platelet volumes. Effects of serotonine,
      adrenaline and CGP 28392, a calcium agonist, on platelet volume distributions
      were determined. Sensitivity of platelets to adrenaline was increased in patients
      with acute myocardial infarction on admission and reduced 4-7 days later, while
      in patients with congestive heart failure reactivity to both serotonine and
      adrenaline were reduced. This indicates a fast down-regulation during the early
      recovery phase of myocardial infarction and chronically in congestive heart
      failure.

PMID- 3388298
TI  - Congenital deficiency of plasminogen and its relationship to venous thrombosis.
AB  - In a patient with deep venous thrombosis, plasma concentrations of coagulant and
      inhibitor proteins were normal except for moderate deficiency of plasminogen.
      Family studies revealed a similar deficiency in the mother and sister of the
      propositus. Evaluation of purified plasminogen demonstrated that it functioned
      normally. The patient represents our only example of plasminogen deficiency in
      435 German individuals evaluated with a history of thromboembolism.

PMID- 3388299
TI  - Concanavalin A induces patching/capping of the platelet membrane glycoprotein
      IIb/IIIa complex.
AB  - Two recent reports have shown platelet patching/capping by concanavalin A (Con
      A). In these studies, Con A receptors were shown to mobilize from pseudopodia and
      lamellipodia to the central cell parts during platelet attachment and spreading.
      The molecular mechanism underlying Con A receptor capping was not examined in
      either study. Con a binds maximally to human platelet membrane glycoproteins IIb
      and IIIa. In order to test whether Con A-induced capping caused the capping of
      this membrane glycoprotein complex, we treated normal human platelets with
      unlabeled Con A. After fixation, platelets were further treated with mouse
      monoclonal antibodies against the membrane glycoprotein IIb/IIIa complex and
      stained with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) tagged anti-mouse IgG. An average
      of 16% platelets manifested capping with one monoclonal antibody preparation (N =
      2) and 12% with a second preparation (N = 2). Control studies showed that only
      18% of normal human fresh platelets exhibit capping with FITC-Con A (N = 17). If
      platelets were first incubated with unlabeled Con A, followed by staining with
      FITC-labeled anti-Con A antibody, an average of 15% platelets manifested caps (N
      = 17). Capping was inhibited by methyl-alpha-D-mannopyranoside (a known inhibitor
      of Con A), at cold temperature and by pre-treatment of platelets with colchicine.
      Our studies confirm the earlier findings on Con A induced capping. Also, our
      findings suggest that the molecular mechanism for Con A receptor capping involves
      patching and capping of the platelet membrane glycoprotein IIb/IIIa complex. It
      is possible that glycoprotein IIb/IIIa redistribution might be intimately
      involved during platelet attachment and spreading.

PMID- 3388300
TI  - The effect of fulminant hepatic failure on protein C antigen and activity.
AB  - In eighteen patients with fulminant hepatic failure (FHF), in grade III or IV
      coma, both protein C antigen and activity were significantly decreased (0.35 +/-
      0.03 u/ml and 0.35 +/- 0.03 u/ml respectively). There was a significant
      correlation between protein C antigen and activity (r = 0.61, p less than 0.01).
      Protein C antigen levels were inversely correlated with prothrombin time (r = 
      0.57, p less than 0.05) as were protein C activity levels (r = -0.57, p less than
      0.05). There was also significant correlations between fibrinogen and protein C
      antigen (r = 0.69, p less than 0.01) and protein C activity (r = 0.61, p less
      than 0.01). These results demonstrate that the naturally occurring inhibitor of
      coagulation, protein C, is present at low levels in FHF and this is probably due
      to the lack of synthesis of the protein in the damaged liver. The low levels of
      protein C may make these patients more susceptible to the disseminated
      intravascular coagulation which is known to occur in FHF and this in turn will
      lead to a further reduction in protein C levels.

PMID- 3388301
TI  - Expression of fibrinogen on the surface of ADP-stimulated platelets: comparison
      of human and rabbit platelets.
AB  - Fibrinogen is a cofactor in the aggregation of human platelets and must be added
      to suspensions of washed human platelets for extensive aggregation to occur in
      response to ADP. Although the patterns of fibrinogen binding and dissociation
      during platelet aggregation and deaggregation are similar for human and rabbit
      platelets, washed rabbit platelets aggregate extensively when stimulated with ADP
      even in the absence of added fibrinogen. To determine whether secreted fibrinogen
      was present on the surface of ADP-stimulated platelets and available to support
      aggregation, the binding of 125I-F(ab')2 fragments of anti-fibrinogen antibodies
      to formaldehyde-fixed platelets was measured. Although no fibrinogen was detected
      on human platelets either before or after treatment with ADP, fibrinogen was
      expressed on the surface of rabbit platelets after stimulation with ADP. However,
      this secreted fibrinogen did not dissociate during deaggregation of the
      platelets. Thus, the aggregation of rabbit platelets in the absence of exogenous
      fibrinogen may be supported by secreted fibrinogen, but a fibrinogen-independent
      component has not been completely ruled out.

PMID- 3388302
TI  - Standardization of Factors II, VII, IX and X in plasma and concentrates. Report
      of the ICTH Subcommittee on Factors VIII and IX, Brussels, July 1987.

PMID- 3388303
TI  - Haemophilia B+ with inhibitor.

PMID- 3388304
TI  - Histidine-rich glycoprotein during pregnancy.

PMID- 3388305
TI  - Fatal cases of AIDS in a hemophiliac (with Kaposi's sarcoma) and his female
      partner.

PMID- 3388306
TI  - Low grade DIC in liver cirrhosis: fact or fiction?

PMID- 3388307
TI  - Effect of beta-pyridyl-carbinol on platelet aggregation.
AB  - We studied the anti-platelet aggregation activity of beta-pyridyl-carbinol (b-PC)
      (Ronicol, Roche). This compound has a chemical structure similar to nicotinic
      acid and is therapeutically indicated in functional and organic circulatory
      processes. We determined the in vitro antiaggregation activity induced by ADP (4
      microM) and collagen (20 micrograms/ml) using Cardinal and Flower's technique.
      Antithrombotic activity was assessed in rats by measuring the duration of ADP
      induced (12.40 micrograms/kg i.v.) respiratory dysfunction in 2 groups: one given
      17.14 mg/kg beta-pyridyl-carbinol for 8 consecutive days before testing and
      controls. In vitro and in vivo results were highly significant. Circulating
      platelet count increased in b-PC treated animals. Systolic and diastolic
      pressures remained unmodified during administration of b-PC.

PMID- 3388308
TI  - Enhancement of human neutrophil function by platelets: effects of indomethacin.
AB  - To characterize the influence of presence of platelets on human neutrophil
      function, neutrophil oxidative burst, chemotaxis, leukotriene B4 and prostacyclin
      generation were examined in the presence of physiologic concentration of
      platelets (40: 1). Presence of platelets significantly (P less than or equal to
      0.05) increased all these neutrophil functions. To determine if cyclooxygenase
      products are involved in platelet-neutrophil interaction, neutrophils (+/-
      platelets) were incubated with indomethacin. Although high concentrations of
      indomethacin (10 microM) inhibited neutrophil (no platelets) chemotaxis and
      leukotriene B4 generation, these inhibitory effects of indomethacin were
      attenuated in the presence of platelets. Thus presence of platelets enhances
      neutrophil activity and overcomes the inhibitory effects of indomethacin on
      neutrophils.

PMID- 3388309
TI  - Hyperlipemia, fibrinolysis and arteriosclerosis.
AB  - In this work we investigated the influence of hyperlipemia on the fibrinolytic
      system and also attempted to determine whether vascular lesions may modify the
      response of plasminogen activators to hyperlipemia. The study was made on rats.
      Three different diets were administered to the animals, two of the diets only
      increased the levels of plasmatic lipids in the animals (hyperlipemic groups),
      but the third induced hyperlipemia and lipid infiltration in aorta
      (arteriosclerotic group). Fibrinolytic activity was evaluated in the plasma, on
      the aorta endothelial surface and in aorta wall. In the plasma, plasminogen
      activator (PA) activity was increased in the hyperlipemic and arteriosclerotic
      groups compared to control group, however, the activity of fibrinolysis
      inhibitors was also increased. On the endothelial surface and in the aorta wall,
      fibrinolytic activity was increased in the groups which received hyperlipidic
      diets but in the arteriosclerotic group only the endothelial surface showed a
      clear increase of fibrinolytic activity. A positive correlation was observed
      between PA activity and levels of hyperlipemia. However, no correlation has been
      shown between fibrinolytic activity in the aorta with cholesterol and
      triglyceride levels in this vascular wall.

PMID- 3388310
TI  - Pressure influences the rate of fibrin polymerization: decompression accelerates,
      compression decelerates.
AB  - We report here that the rate of fibrin polymerization is accelerated by
      decompression: the rate is essentially doubled by reducing the pressure by one
      half (380 torr, 14.7 PSI or 1/2 ATM) and increased by 3.6 times with respect to
      the control at 25 torr (0.48 PSI or 1/30th ATM). We also report here that the
      rate of fibrin polymerization is decelerated by compression; at 5.2 X 10(5) torr
      (10,000 PSI or 680 ATM) polymerization is inhibited and/or reversed.

PMID- 3388311
TI  - Diadenosine 5',5'''-P1,P4-tetraphosphate, a potential antithrombotic agent.
AB  - Diadenosine tetraphosphate (AP4A), a competitive inhibitor of ADP-induced
      platelet aggregation, was tested as an antithrombotic agent in a rabbit
      intracarotid thrombosis model previously shown to be sensitive to antiplatelet
      agents. Eighty-four percent of control rabbits formed clots. The infusion of AP4A
      at a dose of 50 mg/kg over 2 hours reduced the incidence of thrombosis to 56% (p
      less than 0.05). Blood AP4A increased 125-fold at the end of infusion, but was
      completely cleared within 10 minutes. Plasma ATP showed bimodal early and late
      increases. Platelets recovered from AP4A-treated rabbits exhibited a pattern of
      reduced reactivity to ADP, but not to collagen, similar to platelets exposed to
      AP4A in vitro. This study shows that AP4A may be a potentially useful
      antithrombotic agent.

PMID- 3388312
TI  - Conformation of antithrombin III with defective biological functions derived from
      a thrombophilic patient.
AB  - Antithrombin III (AT III) with defective biological functions and altered
      antigenicity has been found in a thrombophilic patient. Circular dichroism (CD)
      spectra of antithrombin III purified from the patient's plasma were measured in
      near and far-ultraviolet (UV) wavelength regions. The far-UV CD spectrum of the
      patient's AT III was similar at room temperature to that of normal AT III derived
      from healthy adult males. Mean residue ellipticity at 221 nm of the patient's AT
      III, however, decreased its magnitude by 6% gradually as temperature increased up
      to 74 degrees C, whereas that of the normal AT III reduced its magnitude sharply
      at around 63-64 degrees C and by 18%. The near-UV CD spectrum of patient's AT III
      was different from that of normal AT III. These results indicate that the
      secondary structure of patient's AT III is similar to that of normal AT III at
      room temperature, while local conformation of aromatic amino acid residues in the
      abnormal protein is different from that in the normal one and that the secondary
      structure of the patient's AT III is heat-stable, while that of the normal one is
      heat-labile.

PMID- 3388313
TI  - Fibrin configuration on glass led to decrease of neutrophil adherence in systemic
      lupus erythematosus.
AB  - Using a previously developed in vitro assay of glass adherence of neutrophils
      following blood clotting, we compared the results of new patients with systemic
      lupus erythematosus (SLE), juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) and those of
      normal controls. In acute phase of the disease, all 33 patients (100%) of SLE, 2
      of 35 patients (5.7%) with JRA had a significantly low neutrophil adherence to
      glass surface (less than 25% of the normal values). During 2 years follow-up in
      18 patients with SLE from the onset of the disease, we consistently observed the
      low cell adherence during the relapses of the disease in all the patients. When
      remains of glass surfaces were examined under scanning electron microscope (SEM),
      we found a notable morphologic difference of fibrin configuration between the
      specimens of active SLE and normal controls. We conclude that the varied results
      of neutrophil adherence on glass may reflect the forming of different fibrin
      configuration induced by the in vitro contact system of coagulation. The findings
      may explain the increased thrombotic complications reported in patients with
      active SLE.

PMID- 3388314
TI  - Low molecular weight fibrinolytic inhibitor in plasma of rats bearing Guerin
      epithelioma.

PMID- 3388315
TI  - Inhibition of shear stress-induced platelet activation by commercial luminescence
      reagents.

PMID- 3388316
TI  - DDAVP shortens the bleeding time in Bernard-Soulier syndrome.

PMID- 3388317
TI  - [Cerebral palsy in Hordaland 1974-1983].

PMID- 3388318
TI  - [Small premature infants. 10-year case material].

PMID- 3388319
TI  - [Retinopathy in premature infants. Development of blindness in premature infants
      in Norway].

PMID- 3388320
TI  - [Recurrent sick leave and utilization of consulting physicians in the Skedsmo
      health insurance office].

PMID- 3388321
TI  - [Heart rupture in blunt chest injuries].

PMID- 3388322
TI  - [Fascia lata arthroplasty of the knee joint].

PMID- 3388323
TI  - [Cancer theories].

PMID- 3388324
TI  - [Gynecologic cytology in general practice].

PMID- 3388325
TI  - [Drug addicts in general practice].

PMID- 3388326
TI  - [Aspirin and myocardial infarction--a gimmick from the media?].

PMID- 3388327
TI  - [AIDS testing and jurisprudence--once more].

PMID- 3388328
TI  - [Cell biology and cancer].

PMID- 3388329
TI  - [Absenteeism and disability certification].

PMID- 3388330
TI  - [Liver resection for metastatic tumor].

PMID- 3388331
TI  - [Perinatal medicine and neurologic birth defects].

PMID- 3388332
TI  - [The Kvernevik study--1. Utilization of physicians' services in a suburb].

PMID- 3388333
TI  - [The Kvernevik study--2. People's satisfaction with physicians' services in a
      suburb].

PMID- 3388334
TI  - [The Kvernevik study--3. The people's need for physicians' services in a suburb].

PMID- 3388335
TI  - [Prognostic stratification after acute myocardial infarction].

PMID- 3388336
TI  - [Acute kidney failure in intensive care patients. One element in the multiple
      organ failure syndrome].

PMID- 3388337
TI  - [Pregnancy in the presence of an intrauterine device. Pregnancy outcome].

PMID- 3388338
TI  - [Fertility after complications with intrauterine devices. A prospective study].

PMID- 3388339
TI  - [Oncogenes].

PMID- 3388340
TI  - [Sperm motility. Physiology, analytical methods and clinical aspects].

PMID- 3388341
TI  - [Chemistry--the problem child of medical education?].

PMID- 3388342
TI  - [Anti-HIV serology today. Specificity, sensitivity and predictive value].

PMID- 3388343
TI  - [Oral contraceptives and prodromal symptoms in fatal pulmonary embolism in young
      women].

PMID- 3388344
TI  - [Life style and health education. School diagnosis in 9th grade--I].

PMID- 3388345
TI  - [Morbidity and clinical examination. School diagnosis in 9th grade--II].

PMID- 3388346
TI  - [The pattern of poisonings after regulatory withdrawal of drugs].

PMID- 3388347
TI  - [Thymectomy in myasthenia gravis].

PMID- 3388348
TI  - [Intravenous heparin in the treatment of deep venous thrombosis in pregnancy].

PMID- 3388349
TI  - [Determination of leukocytes and thrombocytes by hematocrit centrifugation. A new
      method of interest for primary health care].

PMID- 3388350
TI  - [Surgical treatment of pectus excavatum and pectus carinatum].

PMID- 3388351
TI  - [EDP records and forms in primary health care].

PMID- 3388352
TI  - [Where have Tromso-trained physicians gone? Relationship between residence and
      place of education].

PMID- 3388353
TI  - [Thyroid function testing. Strategy and pitfalls].

PMID- 3388354
TI  - [Severe head injuries in a department of general surgery. 18-year care material].

PMID- 3388355
TI  - [Epidural hematoma with delayed onset of symptoms].

PMID- 3388356
TI  - [Life-threatening central thromboembolisms. Removal by inflow occlusion].

PMID- 3388357
TI  - [Podophyllin. Systemic poisoning after intracutaneous injection in plantar
      warts].

PMID- 3388358
TI  - [Nuchal rigidity in hyperosmolar, non-ketotic diabetic coma].

PMID- 3388359
TI  - [New research results in general medicine].

PMID- 3388360
TI  - [Use of vision aids in the elderly].

PMID- 3388361
TI  - [Choice and priority in health care and social services].

PMID- 3388362
TI  - [Self care].

PMID- 3388363
TI  - [Cancer in children. Development, therapeutic results and future problems].

PMID- 3388364
TI  - [Nursing homes patients with Parkinson disease: diagnosis].

PMID- 3388365
TI  - [Nursing homes patients with Parkinson disease: treatment].

PMID- 3388366
TI  - [Testicular torsion].

PMID- 3388367
TI  - [Acute scrotum. How to differentiate testicular torsion, acute epididymitis and
      torsion of the appendix testis?].

PMID- 3388368
TI  - [Habitual abortion. An epidemiological study in the county of Sor-Trondelag in
      1974, 1979 and 1984].

PMID- 3388369
TI  - [Occurrence of spontaneous abortion. An epidemiological study in the county of
      Sor-Trondelag 1973-1984].

PMID- 3388370
TI  - [Malignant melanomas and theirs precursors].

PMID- 3388371
TI  - [Intrapleural tetracycline in the treatment of malignant pleural effusions].

PMID- 3388372
TI  - [The role of macrophages in cancer prevention].

PMID- 3388374
TI  - [Health personnel and anxiety about HIV infection].

PMID- 3388373
TI  - [AIDS--possibilities for vaccine and antiviral therapy].

PMID- 3388375
TI  - [Intrauterine devices and extrauterine pregnancy].

PMID- 3388376
TI  - [Injuries to visitors in an amusement park. Results of 5 years' registration of
      injuries in the Kristinsand Amusement Park].

PMID- 3388377
TI  - [Surgery of aortic aneurysm in people aged 80 and over].

PMID- 3388378
TI  - [Abdominal aortic aneurysm].

PMID- 3388379
TI  - [Aortoenteric fistula].

PMID- 3388380
TI  - [Thyroid function in pregnancy. Screening of pregnant women in Telemark 1984
      1985].

PMID- 3388381
TI  - [Autoimmune postpartum thyroiditis. Occurrence in Telemark in 1985].

PMID- 3388382
TI  - [Thyrotoxicosis in patients over 60].

PMID- 3388383
TI  - [Scurvy. A reminder].

PMID- 3388384
TI  - [Chronic lung diseases and hypoxemia. Home treatment with oxygen containers].

PMID- 3388385
TI  - [Surgical treatment of phimosis. A simple prepuce-sparing technic].

PMID- 3388386
TI  - [The need for short-term stays in nursing homes. An evaluation of the need for
      nursing homes services in the community of Stjordal].

PMID- 3388387
TI  - [Experiences with short-term stay in nursing homes].

PMID- 3388388
TI  - [Cardiac output measured by Doppler echocardiography].

PMID- 3388389
TI  - [Glipizide and related antidiabetics].

PMID- 3388390
TI  - [Sedatives and hypnotics in pregnancy and labor].

PMID- 3388392
TI  - [Pharmacotherapy in anxiety. Guidelines from a Swedish working group].

PMID- 3388391
TI  - [Should acute lung edema be treated primarily without diuretics?].

PMID- 3388393
TI  - [Meningococcal disease and high mortality].

PMID- 3388395
TI  - [Ethics and medical research].

PMID- 3388394
TI  - [Medical activities in Oslo in 1982 and 1986. What happened after the Regulation
      Law was suspended?].

PMID- 3388396
TI  - [The prophylactic effect of albendazole containing a pulse-release bolus on
      gastrointestinal helminth infection in calves].
AB  - The prophylactic effect of an albendazole containing 'pulse release' bolus on
      gastrointestinal helminth infection in calves during their first grazing season
      was tested on a farm in the Netherlands in 1986. Thirty calves were divided into
      two groups of young calves and two of old calves. On being turned out to grass,
      calves of one of these groups were given a bolus containing 3 x 2 grammes of
      albendazole, to be released after thirty-one, sixty-two and ninety-three days.
      The treated young calves showed a much lower egg-output, produced a lower
      infestation of herbage, displayed significantly lower pepsinogen levels and
      showed a significantly better gain in weight compared with the untreated young
      calves. Differences were not observed between the two groups of older calves,
      probably because of the fact that one of the treated calves had lost the bolus at
      an earlier stage.

PMID- 3388397
TI  - [Fertilization results of insemination with deep frozen sperm with various
      numbers of spermatozoa per dosage in Meuse-Rhine-Ijsel cattle].
AB  - Four groups of cows, each group comprising from 5,000 to 5,500 animals, were
      inseminated with 7.5, 10, 15 and 20 millions of living and dead spermatozoa
      respectively. This was deep frozen semen in 0.25 ml straws. The fertilisation
      rates of the groups did not differ significantly, even when the fertility levels
      of the twenty-eight bulls involved were taken into account.

PMID- 3388399
TI  - [What is your approach to edema disease of swine in piglets?].

PMID- 3388398
TI  - [Oxytocin and vasopressin in amniotic fluid in humans and rats].
AB  - Oxytocin and vasopressin are hormones having a number of peripheral and (more
      recently detected) central activities. The two peptides are found to be present
      in both human amniotic fluid and in that of rats. The origin of these substances
      was studied in combined clinical and experimental investigations, as were also
      the relationships of these compounds with intra-uterine growth and the process of
      labour. Oxytocin was not found to originate from the foetal brain, the foetal
      adrenals being suggested as a possible alternative source. There was found to be
      a positive correlation between amniotic oxytocin and measures of the foetal
      brain, amniotic vasopressin possibly reflecting a poor condition of the foetus
      (stress?).

PMID- 3388400
TI  - [Veterinary Chief Inspection of Public Health. The 'Rabies in Bats' scenario].

PMID- 3388401
TI  - Epithelial thymus tumors--therapy and prognosis.
AB  - One hundred and two patients with epithelial thymoma (ET) and carcinoma have
      undergone surgical treatment since 1957. In this series thymomas were classified
      according to Masaoka's clinical staging criteria (encapsulated, invasive) and
      according to Muller-Hermelink's histological criteria of the resected specimens
      (medullary and cortical differentiation) and compared to clinical symptoms and
      survival rates (mean follow-up time 66.4 months). We found that it is not always
      possible to differentiate intraoperatively fibrous adhesions from infiltrations
      of the thymic capsule or to recognise thymus carcinoma as such macroscopically if
      they have not already infiltrated the organ's capsule. All ETs with cortical
      differentiation after thymectomy showed a malignant course; in contrary ETs with
      medullary differentiation we found without relapses of metastases. ETs with both
      histological types (hybrid typs) and cortical dominance took in only two out of
      57 cases a malignant course though five of them showed an invasion into the
      capsule according to clinical staging criteria stage II. Therefore classifying
      ETs only into two categories, encapsulated and invasive, according to surgical
      and gross findings, seems to be not always possible and insufficient for the
      clinical assessment of the malignity and prognosis.

PMID- 3388402
TI  - Surgical treatment of bilateral hydatid disease of the lung via median
      sternotomy: experience in 60 consecutive patients.
AB  - Sixty patients who underwent operation between 1979-1987 for bilateral pulmonary
      hydatid disease using median sternotomy approach are reported on. Although some
      authors prefer two-stage thoracotomy and operate on the side with the larger cyst
      first, or perform simultaneous bilateral thoracotomies, we have preferred one
      stage operation via median sternotomy. There were 29 female and 31 male patients,
      ranging in age from 5 to 55 years (mean 26.4 +/- 6.3). A total of 173 cysts were
      operated in 120 lungs. The usual operative technique was cystotomy and
      capitonnage. Operative and postoperative courses were uneventful in all but three
      cases (5%). The causes of mortality in these patients were excessive hemorrhage,
      mediastinitis, and septic shock respectively. It is concluded that median
      sternotomy is a better alternative method for the treatment of bilateral hydatid
      disease of the lung, as the duration of hospitalisation is shorter, the approach
      is better tolerated by the patients than thoracotomy, and it possibly prevents a
      second general anesthesia.

PMID- 3388403
TI  - [Surgery of lung metastases].
AB  - Between 1975 and 1985 76 patients underwent surgery of pulmonary metastases in
      our hospital. Most often the primary tumor was located in carcinomas of the colon
      and rectum (19 patients), followed by carcinomas of the kidney (14 patients), the
      breast (13 patients) and the skin (malignant melanoma: 9 patients). Conditions
      for pulmonary metastasectomy are radical removal of the primary tumor, metastases
      located only in the lung, resectability of the metastases and low operative risk.
      Three years after pulmonary metastasectomy 35% of the patients were still alive,
      the 5 year survival rate was 18%. The median survival time was 22 months. The
      prognosis in patients with pulmonary metastases is largely dependant upon tumor
      type. Pulmonary metastases of breast carcinomas and carcinomas of colon and
      rectum can be treated best by surgical intervention. (5 year survival rate: 35%
      and 33%). Hypernephroma and malignant melanoma have a 5 year survival rate of 0%
      and 23%. Other prognostic factors are the number of pulmonary metastases and the
      disease-free interval between surgery of the primary tumor and pulmonary
      metastasectomy. Furthermore resection techniques are of prognostic importance.
      Lobectomy and segmental resection showed a better 5 year survival rate than
      pneumonectomy (21%, 24%, 0%). Median sternotomy is recommended as standard access
      for pulmonary metastasectomy. Surgery of pulmonary metastases is encouraging.

PMID- 3388404
TI  - [Effect of tricuspid annuloplasty in mitral/aortic valve replacement on the
      clinical aspects and global function of the right heart chamber].
AB  - The clinical improvement after mitral or aortic valve surgery is primarily due to
      the correction of the aortic/mitral valve function and the subsequent decrease of
      pulmonary artery pressure. The hemodynamic effect of an additional tricuspid
      annuloplasty, however, is still unclear. To assess the influence of a tricuspid
      annuloplasty using DeVega- or Carpentier-technique on the clinical outcome,
      hemodynamics, and right ventricular function in patients with moderate to severe
      tricuspid insufficiency, 38 patients were studied pre- and 11 +/- 4 months
      postoperatively. The clinical degree of left heart failure was graded according
      to the criteria of the NYHA. The extent of right heart failure (RHF) was
      determined using a clinical score from 0 (no signs) to 3 (severe RHF with pleural
      effusion/ascites). Mean pulmonary artery pressure (PAPm), end-diastolic volume
      index (RVEDVI), and ejection fraction (RVEF) of the right ventricle using biplane
      cineventriculography, as well as the angiographic and dopplerechocardiographic
      degree of tricuspid insufficiency were determined. The patients were assigned to
      three groups: gr.I (n = 12): preoperatively no tricuspid insufficiency (TI), gr.
      II (n = 12): with preop. TI and without tricuspid annuloplasty (TA), gr. III (n =
      14): with preop. TI and TA. The patients of all three groups improved
      postoperatively from NYHA functional class III to class II (p less than 0.001).
      The clinical score of RHF decreased from 0.8 +/- 0.5 to 0.3 +/- 0.5 in gr. I,
      from 1.4 +/- 1.1 to 0.6 +/- 0.7 in gr. II, and from 1.7 +/- 1.0 to 0.8 +/- 0.8 in
      gr. III (p less than 0.02).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3388406
TI  - Relationship between the high-energy phosphate content and various left
      ventricular functional parameters of the normal and hypertrophied heart after
      global ischemia and reperfusion.
AB  - Using an isolated rat heart preparation (Langendorff perfusion, perfusion
      pressure 100 cm H2O) the correlation between the high-energy phosphate content
      and various left ventricular (lv) functional parameters of the hypertrophied
      heart (spontaneous hypertensive rats lv/body weight ratio 3.6 +/- 0.5 x 10(-3)
      was determined after normo- (30 min) and hypothermic (25 degrees C, 120 min)
      cardioplegic arrest and reperfusion, and compared with normal hearts (Wistar rats
      lv/body weight ratio 2.0 +/- 0.3 x 10(-3). St. Thomas Hospital solution was used
      as the cardioplegic agent. Before ischemia hypertrophied hearts had a
      significantly higher developed left ventricular pressure, pressure rate product
      and dp/dtmax, but a significantly lower ATP and total adenine nucleotide content.
      Irrespective of the mode and temperature of cardiac arrest there was a strong
      correlation both for normal and for hypertrophied hearts between the high-energy
      phosphate content expressed as ATP, total adenine nucleotides or the "energy
      charge" and the left ventricular functional parameters pressure rate product and
      dp/dtmax. The correlation coefficient ranged from 0.80 to 0.89 and was highest
      when the ATP content was plotted against pressure rate product (r = 0.89). There
      was a different slope for normal and hypertrophied hearts with a steeper decline
      of the left ventricular function in hypertrophied hearts for any given reduction
      of the myocardial adenine nucleotide content. Our results indicate that a similar
      reduction of the ATP or total adenine nucleotide content in both the normal and
      hypertrophied heart reduces left ventricular function to a greater degree in the
      hypertrophied heart.

PMID- 3388405
TI  - The role of the priming fluid in the metabolic response to cardiopulmonary bypass
      in children of less than 15 kg body weight undergoing open-heart surgery.
AB  - The major metabolic response to open-heart surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass
      has been shown in adults to be modified by the components of the pump priming
      fluid. This effect is likely to be more significant in children. Data on 29
      children less than 15 kg body weight are presented. Patients were randomised to
      receive a prime containing one of three crystalloid priming fluids: 100%
      Hartmann's (H), 50% Hartmann's + 50% 5%-Dextrose (HD), or 100% Plasmalyte 148
      (P). The remainder of the prime was CPD stored blood and the prime was buffered
      with sodium bicarbonate. Severe hyperglycaemia 22.4 +/- 1.3 mmol/l occurred
      during bypass in the HD group but moderate hyperglycaemia occurred in the other
      prime groups. Hyperlactataemia occurred in all prime groups during bypass and was
      highest in the H prime group at 3.9 +/- 0.4 mmol/l. These changes in intermediary
      metabolites were only partly explained by the crystalloid components of the
      priming fluid. A subsiduary study revealed the important contribution of CPD
      stored blood to those intermediary metabolite concentrations. Therefore, the well
      recognised changes in intermediary metabolites as components of the metabolic
      response to surgery, namely hyperglycaemia and hyperlactataemia were augmented by
      the composition of the priming fluids. In addition, CPD stored blood and the
      sodium bicarbonate buffer increased the sodium concentration of the prime to
      hypernatraemic levels in both the H and P groups which caused an increase in
      sodium concentration during bypass. Therefore important changes during bypass
      occur as a direct result of the individual components of the priming fluid. These
      changes may result in osmolal flux, hyperglycaemia and hyperlactataemia, all of
      which have been reported to be potentially harmful.

PMID- 3388407
TI  - Primary cardiac tumors--clinical experiences and late results in 48 patients.
AB  - Between 1971 and 1987 48 patients (35 female and 13 male) underwent operations at
      the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, for
      primary cardiac tumors. The age of the patients ranged from 21 to 71 years.
      Clinical symptoms were congestive heart failure, cardiac murmurs and findings
      similar to mitral stenosis, chest pain, arrhythmias, arterial embolism,
      myocardial infarction and pericarditis. 39 of the tumors were benign and 9 were
      malignant. Diagnosis was confirmed by echocardiography and/or
      cineangiocardiography. The left atrium was most commonly involved, followed by
      the right atrium. Surgery was performed in all cases using cardiopulmonary
      bypass. Benign tumors were totally removed, including attachment to the atrial
      septum or the free wall. In one case the tumor resection was carried out by
      autotransplantation of the heart. During the perioperative period we lost one of
      the 39 patients with benign tumors due to low cardiac output. Observing a mean
      follow up period of 48 months, no recurrence of tumors was noted and all patients
      are doing well now. The malignant neoplasms could not be removed completely, and
      in 4 cases only a reduction of the tumor mass was possible. Three of the 9
      patients died during the postoperative period. Only one patient survived longer
      than 48 months. Whereas surgical therapy of malignant cardiac tumors is still a
      matter of discussion based upon these discouraging results, benign or
      semimalignant cardiac neoplasms have a very favourable prognosis when the
      surgical intervention can be performed prior to the occurrence of severe
      complications, such as congestive heart failure and arterial embolism.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3388408
TI  - Aortico-ventricular tunnel.
AB  - The authors report on three cases of aorticoventricular tunnel in two children
      and a baby. Clinical experience confirmed the necessity of earliest diagnosis and
      treatment, closure of both tunnel-ends, using a patch for the aortic stoma to
      prevent aortic valve incompetence.

PMID- 3388409
TI  - Experimental right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction with a composite
      Mitrathane monocusp patch: preliminary results.
AB  - Twenty large white pigs underwent normothermic right ventricular bypass,
      pulmonary artery valve excision and right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT)
      reconstruction using a synthetic material (Mitrathane). The animals were divided
      in two groups (ten for each group) for the RVOT reconstruction model: Group I
      with a composite monocusp patch (with a new design geometrically related to
      pulmonary artery circumference) and Group II without a valve mechanism. Four
      early postoperative deaths occurred in Group I (unrelated to monocusp patch
      function) and seven in Group II (due to acute right ventricular failure). Follow
      up of the six animals of Group I was 600-630 (average 617.5) days and of the
      three Group II animals was 95-110 (average 101.6) days. In Group I haemodynamic
      studies showed no significant difference from preoperative values at 5 months
      while at 20 months there was a moderate valve insufficiency in all animals. In
      Group II severe right ventricular insufficiency was present in all animals and
      spontaneous death occurred after about 3 months. In Group I angiographic studies
      disclosed no evidence of graft calcification or stenosis while in Group II there
      was a moderate pulmonary trunk dilatation. Post mortem examination showed no
      signs of degeneration in any graft. Microscopic studies of both groups revealed
      an acellular layer of fibrin on the external surface and fibrous deposit on the
      inner part of the suture with the right ventricle. In Group I there were
      leukocyte and histocyte infiltration of the grafts. In these experiments our
      synthetic monocusp model showed good function and durability in comparison to a
      RVOT reconstruction without a valve mechanism.

PMID- 3388410
TI  - In situ analysis of microvascular pericytes in hypertensive rat brains.
AB  - We used immunofluorescence microscopy and isoactin-specific antibodies to
      characterize the pattern and prevalence of pericytes within the brain
      microcirculation. Blood pressures of normotensive, Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and
      spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats were measured prior to sacrifice and
      pressure-perfusion fixation. WKY and SHR brains were subdivided into ten major
      regions prior to ultracryomicrotomy. Sections 0.3-0.5 micron wide were treated
      with 10-40 micrograms/ml affinity-purified antibodies to the muscle and non
      muscle actin isoforms. These localization studies show that there are four times
      the number of pericyte-rich capillaries in the SHR motor cortex compared to WKY
      counterparts (59.9 vs. 15.3%). In contrast, the sensory cortex of both rat
      strains is deficient in muscle actin staining surrounding the capillaries. The
      most striking difference in pericyte presence and muscle actin antibody staining
      between the SHR and WKY was observed in the tegmentum of the brainstem. There is
      nearly a one-to-one coincidence observed in pericyte and capillary profiles
      present within thin, frozen sections of the SHR midbrain. SHR pons capillaries
      were also pericyte-enriched. WKY analyses of plastic embedded thin sections
      confirmed the presence of pericytes and their filament-enriched processes
      encircling the capillaries of the hypertensive brains. These results suggest that
      pericytes may play important roles in hypertension and cerebrovascular disease
      processes.

PMID- 3388411
TI  - Effects of stimulation on the ultrastructure and Na, K, Cl composition of the
      fundus of the rat plantar sweat gland.
AB  - Initial stimulation of the rat plantar sweat gland with pilocarpine caused a
      variable degree of distension of the apical membrane of the secretory cell. This
      appeared to be a process of filtration of secretory cell cytoplasm through the
      apical terminal web. Further stimulation resulted in luminal dilatation,
      cytoplasmic depletion, and morbidity of some cells. These morphological changes
      in the footpad gland, which thus can no longer be considered as eccrine, were
      accompanied by a fall in potassium and a rise in sodium concentration within the
      secretory cells. The mode of secretion induced by pharmacological stimulation was
      fundamentally the same as that in the glands of species responsive to thermal
      stimulation.

PMID- 3388412
TI  - Thrombin enhances opsonized zymosan-induced chemiluminescence of neutrophils.
AB  - We examined the effects of alpha-thrombin (the native enzyme) on neutrophil
      activation as assessed by the measurement of chemiluminescence. alpha-Thrombin in
      physiological concentrations (10(-9)-10(-8)M) did not induce neutrophil
      chemiluminescence. However, when neutrophils were coincubated with opsonized
      zymosan and alpha-thrombin, the chemiluminescence response to opsonized zymosan
      was enhanced in a concentration-dependent manner. The neutrophil
      chemiluminescence responses to opsonized zymosan and to opsonized zymosan plus
      alpha-thrombin were dependent on the generation of oxygen-derived free radicals
      since the chemiluminescence was inhibited by superoxide dismutase. The results
      indicate that thrombin per se does not induce neutrophil chemiluminescence.
      However, thrombin enhances the chemiluminescence response to opsonized zymosan
      suggesting an interaction between thrombin and complement receptors in inducing
      neutrophil activation. The chemiluminescence response to thrombin and opsonized
      zymosan is the result of oxygen-derived free radicals.

PMID- 3388413
TI  - Differential cell surface expression of four lysosomal integral membrane proteins
      (LIMPs) in normal rat kidney cells.
AB  - Four monoclonal antibodies generated against rat, hepatocyte lysosomal integral
      membrane protein (LIMPs) (Barriocanal et al., 1986a, b) were used as probes to
      ascertain the distribution of similar proteins in normal rat kidney (NRK) cells.
      Comparison of immunoprecipitations of LIMPs 1-4 from hepatocytes and NRK cells
      revealed a marked similarity in the proteins, in both cell types, as determined
      by SDS-PAGE. Further, the LIMP epitopes recognized by the antibodies are situated
      intravesicularly. Ultrastructural immunocytochemistry, using pre-embedding
      peroxidase, revealed that primary and secondary lysosomes in NRK cells are
      readily stained with all four antibodies, as well as vesicles in the Golgi
      region. Immunofluorescence microscopy of non-permeabilized NRK cells with
      antibodies recognizing LIMPs 1 and 4 illustrated a limited but significant
      punctate staining pattern of the cell surface. Ultrastructural immunoperoxidase
      indicated these sites to be cell surface localized coated pits and vesicles.
      However, it is known that all LIMPs are expressed on the cell surface, albeit at
      different concentrations, although the total number of each LIMP per cell,
      respectively, is approximately the same (Barriocanal et al., 1987). Treatment of
      NRK cells with the acidotropic agent NH4Cl decreased the cell surface expression
      of LIMPs 1, 3 and 4, but had no effect on LIMP 2. Further, the relative
      diminution of the cell surface expression varied among the four LIMPs. These
      results are interpreted to suggest that not all lysosomes contain the same
      integral membrane proteins in their vesicle container.

PMID- 3388414
TI  - The modulation of contraction of fibroblast populated collagen lattices by types
      I, II, and III collagen.
AB  - Human dermal fibroblasts incorporated in a polymerized collagen lattice reduce
      the size of that matrix. When cell number, collagen concentration, and medium are
      identical, lattices made with type III collagen contract faster and to a greater
      degree than those made with type I collagen. The latter contract faster and to a
      greater degree than those made with type II collagen.

PMID- 3388415
TI  - The seasonal breeding hamster as a model to study structure-function
      relationships in the testis.
AB  - The present study was undertaken to document morphological changes in the testis
      of the seasonally breeding golden hamster, an animal model which has been studied
      extensively from an endocrine standpoint but for which morphological data is
      inadequate. Germ cells, Sertoli cells and Leydig cells were studied during active
      and regressed state of gonadal activity by exposing the animals to long (16L:8D)
      and short photoperiods (6L:18D), respectively. Testis of the hamster exposed to
      short photoperiods displayed more than a ten-fold reduction in weight and
      decreased seminiferous tubule diameter. The seminiferous tubules contained
      primarily Sertoli cell and spermatogonia but also occasional spermatocytes and
      round spermatids. Leydig cells were decreased in size, a change which appeared to
      be primarily due to a decrease in cytoplasmic volume. The Leydig cell endoplasmic
      reticulum which was atypically saccular displayed both rough and smooth
      components and was decreased during short photoperiods. Mitochondria generally
      appeared larger and showed considerable structural heterogeneity. Short
      photoperiod-induced changes in the Sertoli cells included a marked reduction in
      cell height and an apparent reduction in cell volume, absence of lateral
      processes, presence of small, almost spheroidal nuclei with inconspicuous
      nucleoli, an increase in the amount of lipid and decreases in the amount of
      smooth endoplasmic reticulum and glycogen. The striking differences in the
      testicular structure between the active and regressed state of gonadal activity
      follows photoperiod-induced changes in endocrine parameters and suggests that the
      hamster would be an ideal model to study structure-function relationships in the
      testis, and especially those related to the Sertoli cell.

PMID- 3388416
TI  - The effects of dietary iodine on thyroid ultrastructure.
AB  - This is a morphological study of changes in thyroid cells following iodine
      deficiency and iodine excess. Fifteen young male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided
      into three groups and fed one of the following diets for 6 weeks: low iodine
      (LID), normal iodine (NID) and high iodine (HID). Then the thyroid glands were
      removed and processed for light and electron microscopy. Thyroid tissue from the
      NID group was normal in appearance. The most outstanding feature of HID thyroids
      was the presence of numerous cells which contained irregularly shaped and stained
      lysosomes. These displaced other cell organelles and caused the apical cell
      surfaces to project into the follicle lumen. Thyroids from the LID group were
      three times heavier than the other two groups. Their follicles were very small,
      contained very little colloid. They were surrounded by dilated capillaries.
      Mitoses were frequent. Cells were columnar and contained abundant dilated
      endoplasmic reticulum, numerous apical vesicles, long microvilli and many
      mitochondria. Mitochondria were especially abundant in greatly infolded lateral
      and basal cell membranes. These findings show that there is a redistribution of
      organelles in thyroid cells in response to iodine deficiency and iodine excess
      which can be related to alterations in intracellular iodine metabolism.

PMID- 3388417
TI  - Potentiation of CCl4-induced liver injury by ketonic and ketogenic compounds:
      role of the CCl4 dose.
AB  - Potentiation of haloalkane hepatotoxicity by ketones and ketogenic agents is a
      well-known phenomenon. The importance of the CCl4 dosage in these combinations,
      however, has not been explored. Its influence was investigated in male Sprague
      Dawley rats. Dose-effect curves for potentiation were generated using 1,3
      butanediol, methyl n-butyl ketone or methyl isobutyl ketone as potentiation
      agents. Animals were orally treated with these compounds prior to a challenge of
      CCl4 (0 to 0.5 ml/kg, ip). Liver injury was assessed by monitoring plasma ALT
      activity and bilirubin concentrations after CCl4 treatment. The minimal effective
      dosage (MED) for each potentiator was used as the criterion of comparison for
      each combination. The MED values were determined from the plasma ALT data.
      Results showed that when the CCl4 dosage was increased from 0.01 to 0.10 ml/kg,
      the MED of each potentiator decreased 10-fold. For a given potentiator, the
      product of the CCl4 dosage (H, "hepatotoxicant") by the corresponding MED value
      (P, "potentiator") remained the same in this range of CCL4 dosages. The severity
      of the liver injury was similar. These findings suggest that a given level of
      liver injury induced by a ketone/haloalkane combination could be evaluated on the
      basis of the [P X H] product.

PMID- 3388418
TI  - Prolonged, intravenous paraquat infusion in the rat. I. Failure of coinfused
      putrescine to attenuate pulmonary paraquat uptake, paraquat-induced biochemical
      changes, or lung injury.
AB  - Paraquat (PQ) was administered to rats for 7 days by iv infusion from osmotic
      minipump at dosage rates of 250 and 500 nmol PQ/hr. The efficacy of putrescine in
      attenuating pulmonary PQ accumulation in vivo and the resulting PQ-induced
      biochemical changes and lung injury were assessed in these animals by coinfusion
      of putrescine at rates of 2500 or 5000 nmol/hr. Dose-dependent, steady-state
      blood levels of both PQ and putrescine were achieved by 18 hr and maintained
      throughout the infusion period. Lung PQ content at 7 days was dose-dependent and
      up to 18-fold greater than corresponding blood levels. No evidence of toxicity
      was observed in low-dose PQ animals while weight loss and overt toxicity was
      observed in high-dose PQ rats between Days 4 and 5. Histopathological examination
      of high-dose PQ rat lungs revealed qualitative changes typical of PQ toxicity.
      Significant (p less than 0.05) increases in lung glutathione and activities of
      glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and GSSG reductase resulted from both PQ doses,
      reflecting PQ-induced oxidant stress and increased demand on lung NADPH. A net
      decrease in lung NADPH (p less than 0.05) was directly measured in high-dose PQ
      rats and may have contributed to the PQ-induced lung injury. Although putrescine
      is an effective inhibitor of pulmonary PQ uptake in vitro, the blood putrescine
      levels achieved in this study did not appear to inhibit this process in vivo.
      This was evidenced by putrescine's failure to decrease 7-day lung PQ content, PQ
      induced biochemical changes, or lung injury.

PMID- 3388419
TI  - Prolonged, intravenous paraquat infusion in the rat. II. Paraquat-induced
      alterations in lung polyamine metabolism.
AB  - The effects of paraquat (PQ) on lung putrescine, spermidine, and spermine levels,
      and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity were assessed in rats after 7 days of
      iv infusion of the herbicide via osmotic minipump. Paraquat administration at a
      rate of 250 nmol/hr [673 +/- 40 nmol/kg/hr (n = 15)] had no effect on these
      parameters. In contrast, significant (p less than 0.05) elevations in lung
      putrescine (407% of control), spermidine (202% of control), and ODC activity
      (174% of control were measured in lungs of rats given 500 nmol PQ/hr [1.31 +/-
      0.53 mumol/kg/hr (n = 14)]. Since evidence of lung damage was, likewise, observed
      only in the high-dose PQ rats, these changes in polyamine metabolism could have
      been a nonspecific response to PQ-induced lung injury rather than a direct
      biochemical effect of PQ. The results suggest that stimulation of polyamine
      biosynthesis may play an important role in PQ-induced lung injury. This role may
      involve regulation of repair mechanisms or, conversely, the polyamines may
      actually mediate PQ-induced fibrotic changes in the lung.

PMID- 3388420
TI  - Ethanol-induced enhancement of trichloroethylene metabolism and hepatotoxicity:
      difference from the effect of phenobarbital.
AB  - Male Wistar rats pretreated with ethanol (2.0 g in 80 ml liquid diet/day for 3
      weeks) or phenobarbital (PB, 80 mg/kg/day ip for 4 days) were exposed by
      inhalation to 500, 1000, 2000, 4000, or 8000 ppm trichloroethylene (TRI) for 2 or
      8 hr, and the blood concentration of TRI and the urinary concentration of TRI
      metabolites (trichloroethanol (TCE) and trichloroacetic acid (TCA] were
      determined at various times. Plasma glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) activity
      was measured 22 hr after the end of exposure as an indicator of hepatic damage.
      Both ethanol and PB enhanced TRI metabolism as evidenced by accelerated
      disappearance of TRI from the blood and increased excretion of total trichloro
      compounds (TCE + TCA) in the urine. However, the effects of ethanol and PB were
      different from each other: ethanol markedly enhanced the metabolism particularly
      at TRI concentration of 2000 ppm or lower, whereas PB enhanced it only at 4000
      ppm or higher. This difference was also reflected in the effect of TRI on liver:
      ethanol potentiated TRI hepatotoxicity more markedly than did PB when TRI
      concentration remained 2000 ppm or lower, whereas PB potentiated the toxicity
      more markedly than ethanol when the concentration was 4000 ppm or higher. It is
      noteworthy that ethanol potentiated TRI hepatotoxicity at a TRI concentration as
      low as 500 ppm. The severity of hepatic damage expressed by plasma GPT activity
      essentially paralleled the urinary excretion rate of total trichloro compounds
      during and 4 hr after exposure (r = 0.87 to 0.93). Compared between the
      contribution of concentration and duration of exposure to the toxicity, a higher
      concentration of TRI tended to cause more severe liver damage to PB-treated rats
      than did a prolonged period of exposure, whereas the toxicity in ethanol-treated
      rats was generally more marked in rats exposed to TRI for a longer period than in
      rats exposed to a higher concentration.

PMID- 3388421
TI  - Dermal penetration of avermectin B1a in the rhesus monkey.
AB  - Forearms of rhesus monkeys were treated with [3H]avermectin B1a in three
      different vehicles and concentrations so that the penetration of avermectin B1a
      through skin could be determined. In order to simulate exposure of farm workers,
      such as mixer-loaders, applicators, and harvesters, to this pesticide, avermectin
      B1a was applied to the forearms of the monkeys as an emulsifiable concentrate
      (300 micrograms/monkey), a diluted emulsifiable concentrate (4.5
      micrograms/monkey), and as a suspension in water (216 micrograms/monkey). After 1
      or 10 hr of exposure, the treatment area was washed. The levels of radioactivity
      were determined in the urine, feces, plasma, and wash. On the basis of the
      amounts of radioactivity excreted in the urine and feces and the levels of
      radioactivity in the plasma after dermal application compared to those found
      after intravenous administration of the compound, less than 1% of the doses was
      absorbed. These data indicate that avermectin B1a would not readily penetrate the
      skin of farm workers exposed to it. Therefore, the hazard to farm workers exposed
      to this compound would be substantially mitigated.

PMID- 3388422
TI  - Studies on the mode of action for thyroid gland tumor promotion in rats by
      phenobarbital.
AB  - A study was conducted to determine the mode of action for phenobarbital promotion
      of thyroid follicular cell neoplasia in rats using an initiation-promotion model
      established by Hiasa et al. (Y. Hiasa, Y. Kitahori, M. Ohshima, T. Fujita, T.
      Yuasa, N. Konishi, and A. Miyashiro, 1982a, Carcinogenesis 3, 1187-1190). Seven
      groups of Charles River Crl: CD(SD)BR rats (20/sex/group) were treated with
      either saline or 700 mg/kg DHPN [N-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)nitrosamine] administered
      subcutaneously once a week for 5 weeks (Initiation Phase) followed by 15 weeks of
      treatment with control diet or diets containing 500 ppm of phenobarbital
      (Promotion Phase). Groups of rats were also treated with L-thyroxine (50
      micrograms/kg/day) in the diet to determine its effect on thyroid gland tumor
      promotion by phenobarbital. The incidence of thyroid follicular adenomas in DHPN
      male rats treated with phenobarbital was markedly increased [83% (15/18 rats)] as
      compared to rats receiving DHPN alone [37% (6/16 rats)]. Thyroxine treatment
      completely blocked the tumor promoting effect of phenobarbital in that the tumor
      incidence [25% (5/20 rats)] was reduced back to or somewhat less than that
      observed with DHPN alone. In female rats no tumors were observed with DHPN nor
      was a promoting effect of phenobarbital observed. These results demonstrate the
      potential for a microsomal enzyme inducer such as phenobarbital to alter the
      incidence of thyroid gland neoplasia in the male rat. The inhibitory effect of L
      thyroxine on tumor promotion by phenobarbital supports the hypothesis that the
      promoting effect of phenobarbital is mediated via increased pituitary secretion
      of thyroid stimulating hormone as a compensatory response to the known effects of
      phenobarbital on peripheral thyroxine metabolism and excretion.

PMID- 3388423
TI  - Ovarian effects of an anti-inflammatory-immunomodulatory drug in the rat.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine whether a 30-day administration of
      SK&F 86002-A2, an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase and 5-lipoxygenase pathways of
      arachidonate metabolism, adversely affected reproductive cycles, ovarian
      structure, and/or pituitary/ovarian hormone secretion. Cyclooxygenase and 5
      lipoxygenase enzymes catalyze the reactions leading to the synthesis of
      prostaglandins and leukotrienes, respectively, which are physiological regulators
      of ovarian function. Female rats were dosed once daily by gavage with 0, 1, 5,
      10, 30, or 60 mg (base)/kg/day of SK&F 86002-A2 for 30 consecutive doses
      beginning on the day of vaginal proestrus. Vaginal smears were then examined
      daily until necropsy, when ovaries and uteri were collected for macroscopic and
      histological examination. In addition, serum concentrations of estradiol,
      progesterone, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, and prolactin
      were estimated by radioimmunoassay. Estrous cycle irregularity, resulting from a
      dose-related lengthening of the interestrous interval, significantly (p less than
      0.05) reduced the number of cycles in rats receiving 60 mg/kg/day of SK&F 86002
      A2 compared to controls. Furthermore, the ovaries from this group of rats weighed
      significantly more (p less than 0.05) than controls, apparently due to an
      increased occurrence of enlarged, cystic follicles that occasionally contained
      blood. Luteinized follicles with entrapped ova were also detected during
      histological examination. Dilatation of the uterine lumen was observed in some
      rats receiving doses of SK&F 86002-A2 greater than 1 mg/kg/day. Serum
      progesterone in rats receiving 60 mg/kg/day of SK&F 86002-A2 was significantly (p
      less than 0.05) lower than controls. In contrast, mean levels of serum estradiol
      were elevated in rats receiving 30 mg/kg/day of SK&F 86002-A2. Serum
      concentrations of FSH, LH, and prolactin were not significantly different in any
      group. The results of this study suggest that SK&F 86002-A2 disrupts cyclic
      ovarian function by a local, cumulative action that inhibits ovulation and alters
      steroid secretion.

PMID- 3388424
TI  - Ovarian effects of SK&F 86002-A2 in the rat: site of action.
AB  - In a preliminary 30-day study, oral administration of SK&F 86002-A2, an inhibitor
      of prostaglandin and leukotriene synthesis, blocked ovulation and altered ovarian
      structure and hormone production in rats. The purpose of the present study was to
      determine if the locus of action of SK&F 86002-A2 for these effects was the ovary
      or some other site in the female reproductive system, using a number of
      experimental approaches. A single sc or intraovarian injection of SK&F 86002-A2
      did not block spontaneous or gonadotropin-induced ovulation in proestrous rats,
      whereas indomethacin, a positive control, acutely disrupted the ovulatory
      process. Since neither route of administration blocked ovulation, integrated
      pituitary and ovarian events were not negatively affected by a single injection
      of SK&F 86002-A2 at doses which caused ovarian dysfunction when administered
      repeatedly for 30 days. In contrast to a single dose, oral administration of SK&F
      86002-A2 to hypophysectomized rats for 2 weeks suppressed follicular growth and
      estradiol production in response to sc administration of pregnant mare serum
      gonadotropin. Although ovarian function was suppressed in hypophysectomized rats,
      LH surges induced by estradiol in ovariectomized rats were not affected by
      administration of SK&F 86002-A2 for 2 weeks. Thus, hypothalamic/pituitary
      dysfunction did not contribute to the ovarian effects of SK&F 86002 that occurred
      after repeated dosing. In conclusion, these results indicate that disruption of
      ovarian cycles by SK&F 86002-A2 is related to a direct effect on the ovary, and
      not to altered hypothalamic/pituitary function and LH release. Specifically, SK&F
      86002-A2 may suppress the ovarian response to gonadotrophin, retarding follicular
      growth and estrogen production. The ovarian effects are consistent with a
      pharmacological expression of the inhibitory action of SK&F 86002-A2 on
      prostaglandin and leukotriene synthesis.

PMID- 3388425
TI  - The significance of the dilated renal pelvis in the nitrofen-exposed rat fetus:
      effects on morphology and function.
AB  - Previously (R. J. Kavlock, B. F. Rehnberg, and E. H. Rogers, 1987, Teratology 36,
      51-58) we reported that gestational exposure of rats to adriamycin induced
      alterations in development of the fetal renal papilla that persisted postnatally.
      The morphological effect was associated with functional deficits in neonatal
      animals as seen by their performance during a test of renal concentrating ability
      in the second postnatal week. In the present study, we utilized an experimental
      approach similar to that in the adriamycin study to evaluate the fate of the
      dilated renal pelvis that is induced in fetal rats following prenatal exposure to
      nitrofen. Groups of Long-Evans rats were exposed to 0, 6.25, 12.5, or 25 mg/kg of
      nitrofen on gestation Days 7-16. Renal morphology of the offspring were
      determined on gestation Day 21 and postnatal Week 5. The postnatal cohort was
      tested in the second postnatal week for their ability to excrete an osmotically
      concentrated urine. As was the case with adriamycin, the renal concentrating
      ability in the neonate was reduced and poor performance in the function test was
      associated with permanence of the morphological effect. By utilizing a
      standardized semiquantitative procedure to describe the status of the kidneys and
      ureters during development in combination with physiological assessment of organ
      performance, we were able to assess the morphological and functional development
      of the kidney. In the absence of other anomalies we suggest that offspring be
      monitored during postnatal development when alterations of the fetal renal
      papilla are observed in standard teratology bioassays in order to determine
      whether the effect is transient or permanent.

PMID- 3388426
TI  - Bioactivation of catechol in rat and human bone marrow cells.
AB  - o-Benzoquinone-glutathione (GSH) conjugate formation and covalent binding of
      [14C]catechol to protein were utilized as probes of bioactivation of catechol in
      both rat and human white bone marrow cell systems. Conjugate formation and
      binding occurred in the absence of exogenous hydrogen peroxide, but were markedly
      stimulated by its addition. Protein-binding and conjugate formation using rat
      cells in the presence of exogenous peroxide were increased by the presence of
      phenol whereas GSH and hydroquinone inhibited binding. Similarly, protein-binding
      in the absence of exogenous peroxide was inhibited by GSH and exacerbated by
      phenol. Prostaglandin synthase, the peroxidatic function of which may also
      utilize hydrogen peroxide as a substrate, appeared on the basis of experiments
      using arachidonic acid to play only a minor role in bioactivation of catechol in
      rat bone marrow cells. These results show that peroxide-dependent bioactivation
      of catechol occurs in rat and human bone marrow cells and that hydroquinone and
      GSH inhibit whereas phenol stimulates bioactivation.

PMID- 3388427
TI  - Aerobic nitroreduction of dehydrochloramphenicol by bone marrow.
AB  - It has been previously demonstrated that dehydrochloramphenicol (DH-CAP), a
      bacterial metabolite of chloramphenicol, induces DNA single strand breaks in
      intact cells and is profoundly more cytotoxic than chloramphenicol (CAP). In view
      of previous observations relating genotoxicity of nitrocompounds to their
      nitroreduction by the target tissue, we studied the nitroreduction of DH-CAP by
      human and rabbit bone marrow. Nitroreduction by tissue homogenates was determined
      by the Bratton Marshall colorimetric assay and by high-performance liquid
      chromatography (HPLC). Nitroreduction of DH-CAP by bone marrow cell homogenates
      was observed under aerobic conditions and the reduction was both cell
      concentration- and time-dependent. The formation of the amino product
      aminodehydrochloramphenicol was confirmed by HPLC. Reduction by other tissues
      including human liver, Raji cells, and HL-60 tumors was also observed. These
      results suggest that genotoxicity of DH-CAP may be related to its nitroreduction
      by the target tissue with in situ production of toxic intermediates. Together
      with previous studies, these observations lend support to the thesis that the p
      NO2 group may be the structural feature underlying aplastic anemia from CAP.

PMID- 3388428
TI  - Demonstration of residual bone marrow effect in mice exposed to ethylene glycol
      monomethyl ether.
AB  - Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (EGMME) has been reported to cause hematopoietic
      abnormalities in man. We have shown that mice exposed to EGMME post-natally have
      suppressed bone marrow cellularity and progenitor cells 8 weeks post-exposure
      which returns to normal values by 16 weeks. Studies were designed to determine
      whether EGMME exposed mice that recovered had evidence of residual marrow stem
      cell injury. B6C3F1 mice were injected subcutaneously with EGMME on days 1-5
      after birth at doses of 0, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg per day, allowed to recover,
      and stressed with 200 rads whole body irradiation at 15 and 21 weeks post
      exposure. Bone marrow functions were examined during the recovery period. Mice
      that had been exposed to EGMME were more sensitive to irradiation and recovery of
      marrow cellularity and progenitor cell numbers occurred more slowly than in
      unexposed controls. This indicates that EGMME can cause persistent residual
      damage of bone marrow progenitor cells in mice, an effect that would not be
      apparent with routine hematological techniques.

PMID- 3388429
TI  - Potentiation of evoked adrenal catecholamine release by cyanide: possible role of
      calcium.
AB  - The effect of cyanide on release of catecholamines was evaluated in isolated
      bovine adrenal glands stimulated with 4 different agonists. Cyanide (0.1-1 mM)
      increased catecholamine release induced by barium or cadmium 2-3-fold.
      Acetylcholine or potassium induced secretion of adrenal catecholamines was also
      enhanced by cyanide, but only to the extent of 30-50%. These data suggest that
      cyanide acts by multiple mechanisms to enhance evoked catecholamine release. The
      above results may be partly explained by the fact that cyanide inhibited 45Ca
      efflux from stimulated bovine adrenals. Changes in plasma membrane permeability
      may be crucial in the alterations of ion flux and evoked catecholamine release
      caused by cyanide.

PMID- 3388430
TI  - Olfactory and hepatic changes following inhalation of 3-trifluoromethyl pyridine
      in rats.
AB  - Rats exposed by inhalation to 3-trifluoromethylpyridine (3-FMP) for 10, 30 or 90
      days showed an unusual response in the nasal passages. Focal histological change
      including reduction in the number of cell layers, disorganisation, vacuolation
      and minimal necrosis was confined to the olfactory epithelium. Axon bundles and
      the olfactory bulb were unaffected but there was loss of PAS staining affinity in
      Bowman's glands. The onset of the lesion showed a very steep dose-relationship
      approximating a quantal response; no effects were seen after 90 days exposure to
      0.1 ppm but the changes were fully developed after 30 days exposure to 0.5 ppm.
      There was no marked progression with either increased exposure concentrations (up
      to 329 ppm) or with increased duration of exposure (10-90 days). The respiratory
      epithelium was generally unaffected apart from a mild irritant response seen only
      after 90 days. Exposures also resulted in a response in the liver. Centrilobular
      and midzonal vacuolation was observed at 10 and 30 days following exposures at or
      above 5 ppm 3-FMP and the severity increased with concentration. The lesion
      regressed with time even when exposure continued and only minimal changes were
      evident after 90 days, probably indicating an adaptive response. This work
      demonstrates the high organ specificity of 3-FMP, particularly for the olfactory
      epithelium.

PMID- 3388431
TI  - Respiratory tract lesions in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice after inhalation
      exposure to 1,2-epoxybutane.
AB  - 1,2-Epoxybutane, a short-chain epoxide used as a stabilizer in chlorinated
      hydrocarbon solvents, was administered by inhalation exposure as a vapor 6 h/day,
      5 day/week, for 24 months at exposure concentrations of 0, 200 or 400 ppm to
      F344/N rats and 0, 50, or 100 ppm to B6C3F1 mice. Survival of all groups of rats
      was 50% or greater until week 98 but was reduced in exposed groups by the end of
      the study. Survival in male mice was comparable among groups. Survival in female
      mice was greater than 50% until week 86, but was then reduced in the high
      exposure group of mice. Exposure-related inflammatory, degenerative, and
      proliferative lesions occurred in the nasal cavity of both rats and mice. Seven
      papillary adenomas occurred in the nasal passages of high-exposure male rats and
      2 in the nasal passages of high-exposure female rats. Alveolar/bronchiolar
      adenoma or carcinoma (combined) occurred with increased incidence in exposed male
      rats relative to controls. No exposure-related neoplastic lesions were seen in
      mice. After inhalation exposure, 1,2-epoxybutane was carcinogenic in rodents as
      were other epoxides or related compounds including propylene oxide, 1,3
      butadiene, and ethylene oxide. The site of carcinogenic activity was considered
      to be related to length of the carbon chain.

PMID- 3388432
TI  - Periodic response difference in mouse epidermis chronically exposed to crude-oils
      or BaP: males vs. females.
AB  - Skin cancer has long been associated with industrial and environmental exposure
      to individual chemical compounds, complex chemical mixtures, X-irradiation and UV
      irradiation. Skin carcinogenesis in animal models has been used as a toxicity
      assay and to study mechanisms of neoplastic progression. Using a mouse-skin
      carcinogenesis model, we conducted assays of tumorigenic activity using several
      crude oils and benzo[a]pyrene. During analysis of the data for assessment of
      tumor production by these compounds, differences were observed in male and female
      time-to-tumor values. There were 4 possible observations for males and females in
      each of the treatment groups: (1) no significantly different time-to-tumor values
      between the sexes; (2) accelerated or delayed response by one or the other sex;
      (3) production of a greater number of tumors in one or the other sex; and (4)
      production of different tumor types in one of the sexes. Our data show that 3 of
      these 4 do occur in mice epidermally-exposed to these compounds. There were
      groups with no differences between male/female response to treatment. Of specific
      interest were periodic male/female differences in time-to-time values. Only 1
      compound, a shale-derived crude oil, produced tumors more extensively in one sex
      than the other. While benzo[a]pyrene produced predominantly carcinomas, the crude
      oils produced papillomas and carcinomas to varying degrees. However, the types of
      tumors produced showed no preference for one or the other sex. In the groups with
      different time-to-tumor values for male and female animals, the differences
      occurred either throughout the course of the experiment or in specific time
      domains. In 1 treatment group, the females had significantly earlier time-to
      tumor values than males. In several of the other treatment groups the females had
      significantly longer time-to-tumor values. Of these treatment groups, the female
      mean time-to-tumor values were either cumulatively significantly longer or
      periodically delayed compared to the male values. The presence of significantly
      accelerated or delayed tumor production by one sex in these animal systems
      implies sex-related modulation of neoplastic progression.

PMID- 3388433
TI  - Effects of piperonyl butoxide on halothane hepatotoxicity and metabolism in the
      hyperthyroid rat.
AB  - A series of experiments were conducted to examine the potential role of phase I
      metabolism in halothane-induced liver injury in the hyperthyroid rat. The
      metabolism of halothane was determined in both hyperthyroid (triiodothyronine, 3
      mg/kg per day, for 6 days) and euthyroid rats and in animals pre-treated with the
      cytochrome P-450 inhibitor piperonyl butoxide (75-100 mg/kg, i.p.). It was found
      that the hyperthyroid state, which is associated with a substantial increase in
      sensitivity to the hepatotoxic effects of halothane, decreases both oxidative and
      reductive routes of halothane metabolism in the rat. The production of
      trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), an oxidative metabolite, as well as that of
      chlorodifluoroethylene (CDF) and chlorotrifluoroethane (CTF), 2 reductive
      metabolites, was significantly reduced in hyperthyroid animals. Consistent with
      these findings serum and urinary bromide levels resulting from the formation of
      TFA, CDF or CTF were significantly reduced. The only route of halothane
      metabolism significantly increased by the hyperthyroid condition was the
      defluorination of halothane. Piperonyl butoxide administration did not render
      euthyroid animals sensitive to the halothane-induced hepatotoxicity and had no
      effect on the defluorination of halothane in euthyroid animals. However,
      piperonyl butoxide markedly increased the hepatotoxicity of halothane in
      hyperthyroid rats and, except for a modest increase in debromination reactions,
      decreased all measured indices of halothane metabolism including the
      defluorination of halothane. Thus, none of the observed changes in halothane
      metabolism produced by triiodothyronine or piperonyl butoxide treatment could be
      consistently correlated to the increases in hepatotoxicity linked to these 2
      treatments. Based on these studies we suggest that the halothane hepatotoxicity
      induced in the hyperthyroid rat results from effects produced by either the
      parent compound or an as yet unidentified metabolite. In addition, these studies
      further demonstrate that considerable mechanistic differences exist for halothane
      induced hepatotoxicity when comparing euthyroid and hyperthyroid animal models.

PMID- 3388434
TI  - Comparison of daily and seasonal exposures of young monkeys to ozone.
AB  - Oxidant air pollution tends to occur in both seasonal and daily cycles of
      polluted and clean air. To compare the effects of these 2 cycles, we exposed 2
      groups of 7-month-old male monkeys to 0.25 ppm (0.49 mg/m3) of ozone (UV
      photometric standard) 8 h/day either daily or, in the seasonal model, days of
      alternate months during a total exposure period of 18 months. This is a longer
      ozone exposure period than any previously reported. A control group breathed only
      filtered air. Young monkeys were studied as their lungs are similar to those of
      man and their lungs, like those of man, grow over a period of several years.
      Monkeys from the seasonal exposure model, but not those exposed daily, had
      significantly increased total lung collagen content, chest wall compliance, and
      inspiratory capacity. All monkeys exposed to ozone had respiratory bronchiolitis
      with significant increases in related morphometric parameters. The only
      significant difference between seasonal and daily groups was in the volume
      fraction of macrophages. Even though the seasonally exposed monkeys were exposed
      to the same concentration of ozone for only half as many days, they had larger
      biochemical and physiological alterations and equivalent morphometric changes as
      those exposed daily. Lung growth was not completely normal in either exposed
      group. Long-term effects of oxidant air pollutants which have a seasonal
      occurrence may be more dependent upon the sequence of polluted and clean air than
      on the total number of days of pollution. Estimations of the risks of human
      exposure to seasonal air pollutants from effects observed in animals exposed
      daily may underestimate long-term pulmonary damage.

PMID- 3388435
TI  - Comparative toxicity of nickel oxide, nickel sulfate hexahydrate, and nickel
      subsulfide after 12 days of inhalation exposure to F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice.
AB  - The relative toxicity of nickel oxide (NiO), nickel sulfate hexahydrate.
      (NiSO4.6H2O), and nickel subsulfide (Ni3S2) was studied in F344/N rats and B6C3F1
      mice after inhalation exposure for 6 h/day, 5 days/week for 12 exposure days.
      Exposure concentrations used (as mg Ni/m3) were 0.9-23.6 for NiO; 0.8-13.3 for
      NiSO4.6H2O, and 0.4-7.3 for Ni3S2. For each compound there were 5 exposure groups
      plus a control group. NiSO4.6H2O was the most toxic compound with exposure
      related mortality seen at exposure concentrations of 13.3 mg/m3 in rats and 1.6
      mg/m3 and above in mice. For Ni3S2, mortality was seen in mice (but not in rats)
      at the highest exposure concentration (7.3 mg/m3). No mortality was seen after
      NiO exposure. Lesions of the lung and nasal cavity were seen in both rats and
      mice after exposure to NiSO4.6H2O and Ni3S2 at the 4 highest exposure
      concentrations. Lesions of the lung were seen primarily at the highest exposure
      concentrations after NiO exposure. The amount of nickel in the lungs at the end
      of exposure varied in relation to the water solubility of the compounds. Based on
      these 2-week studies, the toxicity ranking was NiSO4.6H2O greater than Ni3S2 much
      greater than NiO. Additional studies are in progress to assess the relative
      toxicities of these three nickel compounds after 90-day exposures.

PMID- 3388436
TI  - Immediate rise in intracellular calcium and glycogen phosphorylase a activities
      upon acetaminophen covalent binding leading to hepatotoxicity in mice.
AB  - Drugs and chemicals that cause irreversible damage to cells may do so by
      producing specific defects in calcium regulation. The present studies examined
      glycogen phosphorylase as an index for assessing in vivo changes leading to
      excessive calcium ion activity, a putative pathogen, during the course of
      acetaminophen-induced liver injury. Administration of 500 mg/kg acetaminophen per
      os to mice depleted hepatic glutathione to a nadir by 1 h. Covalent binding to
      hepatocellular macromolecules commenced at this time and then rose out of the non
      injurious background range at 1.5 h, coincident with a sharp rise in
      phosphorylase a activity. Phosphorylase activation preceded the leakage of
      alanine aminotransferase into plasma by several hours but appeared only after
      glutathione was depleted in excess of 80%. During the first 3 h, phosphorylase a
      activity rose in direct proportion to the amount of acetaminophen covalent
      binding. Glutathione depletion alone was not responsible for phosphorylase
      activation because the glutathione biosynthesis inhibitor, D,L-buthionine
      sulfoximine, produced comparable glutathione depletion but failed to stimulate
      phosphorylase activity or produce cell injury. Because phosphorylase a activity
      is thought to mirror changes in Ca2+ activity in vivo, these results support the
      hypothesis that acetaminophen-induced hepatocellular injury is related to the
      impairment of Ca2+ regulation.

PMID- 3388437
TI  - Inhibitory effect of zinc-protoporphyrin on the induction of heme oxygenase and
      the associated decrease in cytochrome P-450 content in rats.
AB  - Pretreatment of rats with zinc-protoporphyrin, which has shown to be a potent
      competitive inhibitor of heme oxygenase, resulted in the inhibition of
      bromobenzene-mediated induction of heme oxygenase and decreases of the cytochrome
      P-450 content, aminopyrine demethylase and aniline hydroxylase activities. Such
      an inhibitory effect of zinc-protoporphyrin on the induction of heme oxygenase
      and concomitant decreases of drug-metabolizing enzymes occurred in a dose
      dependent manner with complete inhibition of these effects at a dose of 40
      mumol/kg. The effects of zinc-protoporphyrin were also observed in thioacetamide-
      and BCG-treated rats and ascitic tumor AH 66-bearing rats. Likewise, a decrease
      of cytochrome b5 content observed under these experimental conditions was also
      restored significantly by zinc-protoporphyrin. These results strongly suggest
      that the induction of heme oxygenase is a primarily important early event which
      consequently leads to the decrease in cytochrome P-450 content and associated
      enzyme activities.

PMID- 3388438
TI  - DNA alkylation by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine in the rat large intestine and liver:
      influence of diet and enzyme induction.
AB  - Male Wistar rats were fed a semi-purified diet (MID - minimal inducing diet) with
      or without addition of 50 ppm of beta-naphthoflavone (BNF) for 1 week. After 1
      week the rats were dosed with 20 mg/kg of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)
      subcutaneously and killed at various time intervals from the injection. Enzyme
      levels were determined in microsomal and cytosolic fractions prepared from the
      liver and the intestinal mucosa. Feeding of BNF for 1 week caused a 6.5-fold
      increase of 7-ethoxyresorufin (7-ERR) deethylase in the colon as compared to the
      controls, but did not alter glutathione (GSH) content nor glutathione-S
      transferase (GSHST) activity. Hepatic cytochrome P-450 and 7-ERR deethylation
      were not significantly altered by feeding of BNF at this concentration, whereas
      GSH and GSHST were increased by a factor of 1.6 and 2, respectively. In the DMH
      dosed rats, O6-methylguanine was formed to a greater extent in the BNF-treated
      colon than in the controls at 1, 12 and 24 h, whilst N7-methylguanine levels were
      essentially the same in the induced and uninduced rats. No significant difference
      was found in the degree of hepatic DNA alkylation at any time points. As shown by
      our results, the nature of the diet would appear to be able to modulate the rate
      of metabolic activation of DMH and its binding to DNA in the target organ.

PMID- 3388439
TI  - Skeletal changes in multiparous mice fed a nutrient-sufficient diet containing
      cadmium.
AB  - Female mice were given nutrient-sufficient, purified diets containing either
      0.25, 5, or 50 ppm Cd. One-half of the females were bred for 6 consecutive 42-day
      rounds of pregnancy/lactation (PL mice); remaining females were non-pregnant
      controls (NP mice). PL mice and NP controls were sacrificed after 1, 2, 4, or 6
      consecutive rounds of pregnancy/lactation. No consistent, cadmium-dependent
      decreases in body weight, femur calcium content, or calcium/dry weight (Ca/DW)
      ratio occurred among the NP mice during the 252 days of cadmium exposure. In
      contrast, significant, cadmium-dependent decreases in body weight (3-11%), femur
      calcium content (15-27%), and Ca/DW ratio (5-7%) occurred in the multiparous mice
      exposed to 50 vs 0.25 ppm Cd. In addition, among the PL mice, the effect of
      cadmium was dose-dependent, with femur calcium contents decreasing significantly
      as the cadmium exposure level increased from 0.25 to 5 then 50 ppm Cd (P less
      than 0.05). Results demonstrate that dietary cadmium exposure had a greater
      effect on the skeletons of dams exposed to cadmium during the stresses of
      pregnancy and lactation than in non-pregnant controls. The results provide
      evidence that the combination of cadmium exposure and multiparity may have played
      a role in the etiology of Itai-Itai disease in Japan.

PMID- 3388440
TI  - Kidney changes in multiparous mice fed a nutrient-sufficient diet containing
      cadmium.
AB  - Female mice were given nutrient-sufficient, purified diets containing cadmium at
      either 0.25, 5, or 50 ppm, as described in the accompanying publication. One-half
      of the females were bred for 6 consecutive 42-day rounds of pregnancy/lactation
      (PL mice); remaining females were non-pregnant controls (NP mice). PL mice and NP
      controls were sacrificed after 1, 2, 4, or 6 consecutive rounds of
      pregnancy/lactation. At all levels of dietary cadmium and after all reproductive
      rounds, kidney cadmium concentrations were 2-5-fold higher in PL than NP mice.
      After 6 rounds of reproduction, the mean concentration of cadmium in the kidneys
      of PL mice exposed to dietary cadmium at 50 ppm was 115 micrograms Cd/g kidney,
      close to the critical concentration for cadmium-induced renal damage (200
      micrograms/g). No consistent increases in the concentrations of amino acids,
      protein, or cadmium in urine were observed in the NP or PL mice in our study,
      indicating that cadmium-induced renal dysfunction had not yet appeared. Very
      small increases in kidney concentrations of zinc and copper were observed with
      large increases in kidney cadmium concentrations. Threshold cadmium
      concentrations below which the concentrations of zinc and copper were relatively
      constant and independent of cadmium concentration were identified; they were 7.2
      micrograms Cd/g kidney for zinc and 13 micrograms Cd/g kidney for copper. In this
      study, cadmium-induced decreases in bone-mineral content occurred in the PL mice
      exposed to cadmium at 5 and 50 ppm (see accompanying publication). Data presented
      here indicate that the latter bone changes occurred in the absence of cadmium
      induced renal dysfunction of the type that results in increased
      aminoaciduria/proteinuria. They suggest that the bone disease of Itai-Ital
      patients may also have started prior to the onset of this type of renal
      dysfunction.

PMID- 3388441
TI  - HgCl2-induced cell injury. Differential effects on membrane-located transport
      systems in unfertilized and fertilized sea urchin eggs.
AB  - The inhibitory potency of HgCl2 on amino acid and Na+ transport and the mechanism
      of action of this heavy metal are studied in unfertilized and fertilized sea
      urchin eggs, in which amino acid transport systems comparable to that described
      in mammalian somatic cells have been characterized. These transport systems
      called "L" for leucine, "ASC" for alanine, serine, cysteine, and "A" for alanine
      are differentiated mainly by their Na+-dependency and by the amino acids
      transported. The carrier-mediated amino acid uptake is reduced in a dose- and
      time-dependent manner by HgCl2, with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) in the
      micromolar range. The mechanisms of inhibition of the Na+-independent (L system)
      and the Na+-dependent (A or ASC system) transport components are different: in
      unfertilized eggs, HgCl2 directly interferes with the L amino acid carrier
      leading to a decrease of its affinity for amino-acids, whereas in fertilized eggs
      the inhibition of the Na+-dependent uptake of amino acids may result from an
      elevation of Na+ content induced both by an inhibition of the Na+ pump and by an
      increase in Na+ permeability. It is also shown that the action of HgCl2 on amino
      acid diffusion differs between unfertilized and fertilized eggs. Our findings are
      discussed in the context of the role of membrane in xenobiotic toxicity.

PMID- 3388442
TI  - A human cell beryllium acute toxicity assay.
AB  - A rapid, inexpensive beryllium acute toxicity assay using human erythrocyte ATP
      levels has been developed. The assay uses a photometric measurement of the
      luciferin-luciferase reaction in erythrocytes incubated in HEPES buffer with the
      tested toxicant. Incubation in HEPES significantly increases the sensitivity of
      erythrocytes to beryllium when compared to incubation in either plasma or
      physiological saline. After a one-hour incubation period in HEPES buffer and
      beryllium there is a loss of 50% of the erythrocyte ATP at 3 micrograms/ml of
      beryllium, and an 80% loss of ATP at 5 micrograms/ml of beryllium. The source of
      human erythrocytes does not appear to influence the test. Erythrocytes from 10
      individuals, one with chronic beryllium disease and another with an acute
      sensitivity to beryllium, all gave similar biphasic dose-response curves to
      beryllium.

PMID- 3388443
TI  - Extracellular Ca2+-dependent elevation in cytosolic Ca2+ potentiates HgCl2
      induced renal proximal tubular cell damage.
AB  - While normal fluctuations of cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) occur physiologically, the
      deregulation of cellular Ca2+ homeostasis leads to cellular injury. The
      contribution of [Ca2+]i to the process of cellular damage was assessed in a model
      system where HgCl2 was used to induce plasma membrane damage in renal tubular
      cells. In the presence of 1.37 mM extracellular Ca2+, HgCl2 (10-50 microM)
      induced a slow, dose-dependent, 4-6 fold increase in [Ca2+]i (as measured by Quin
      2) by 10 min of exposure, which could be abolished by prior incubation of the
      cells with dithiothreitol. Correlates of cellular injury, i.e., decrease in cell
      viability, change in cellular morphology, such as bleb formation, membrane
      distortion and mitochondrial swelling, were induced after HgCl2 addition. The
      rate and dose-responses of these changes were similar to that of [Ca]i elevation.
      When cells were exposed to HgCl2 in the absence of added extracellular Ca2+,
      there was no increase in [Ca2+]i and both the rate and extent of cell damage were
      reduced. When Ca2+ was readded to the extracellular medium after HgCl2, there was
      a rapid elevation of [Ca2+]i, increased cell killing and bleb formation. The
      observed correlation between [Ca2+]i elevation, decreased cell viability and
      morphological aberrations in terms of (i) dose-dependency for HgCl2, (ii)
      requirement for high extracellular Ca2+, and (iii) rate of change, suggests that
      HgCl2-induced renal cell damage involves the entry of Ca2+ from the extracellular
      milieu which potentiates the progression of cellular injury.

PMID- 3388444
TI  - Comparative dermal carcinogenesis of shale and petroleum-derived distillates.
AB  - Ten test materials derived from petroleum or hydrotreated shale oils were applied
      3 times/week for up to 105 weeks to the shaved skin of 25 male and 25 female
      C3H/HeN mice per group. Mineral oil and benzo(a) pyrene (0.15%) were control
      materials. Clinical observations were recorded during the study. At death,
      histopathologic examination was conducted on skin, internal organs and any gross
      lesions. Exposures to some materials were ended midway in the study due to severe
      irritation. Chronic toxicity of all materials was limited to inflammatory and
      degenerative skin changes. Significant increases over control incidence of skin
      tumors (squamous cell carcinoma and fibrosarcoma) occurred with both petroleum
      and shale-derived naphtha (21%, 50%), Jet A (26%, 28%), JP-4 (26%, 50%), and
      crude oils (84%, 54%). Severely hydrotreated shale oil and petroleum and shale
      derived diesel distillates were not considered tumorigenic. Results indicate that
      toxicity of comparable petroleum and shale-derived fractions was qualitatively
      similar and confirm earlier findings that hydrotreating reduces or eliminates
      carcinogenicity of raw shale oil.

PMID- 3388445
TI  - Effect of polymorphic crystal forms of lantana toxins on icterogenic action in
      guinea pigs.
AB  - A partially purified preparation of toxin isolated from lantana (Lantana camara
      L., red variety) leaves, called fraction C, was obtained in two crystalline
      forms: form I, white, fluffy, rod-shaped and form II, irregular, polyhedral,
      shining crystals. The two forms differed in melting point behaviour and
      icterogenic action when administered orally to guinea pigs. Only form II was
      icterogenic to guinea pigs and was associated with decreased feed intake and
      faecal output, hepatomegaly, increase in plasma bilirubin level and acid
      phosphatase activity.

PMID- 3388446
TI  - Increases of serum phosphorus concentration and duodenal, renal and femur
      alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) activities of normal rats fed 2000 ppm aluminum
      diets.
AB  - In order to investigate the dietary effect of calcium on aluminum-induced
      hypophosphatemia, five types of diet, sucrose, lactose, milk, casein and soy
      protein, were prepared. These diets differed with regard to Ca concentration, and
      carbohydrate or protein sources which were expected to modify intestinal Ca
      absorption. Weanling Wistar rats were fed these diets for 67 days with the
      addition of Al at a concentration of 2000 ppm. Nutritional constituents had
      little effect on Al accumulation in the duodenum and bone. Al treatments had no
      effects on increases of body weight. The Al treatments significantly increased
      duodenum alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) activity and serum phosphorus
      concentration in all of the dietary groups. Slight but significant decreases of
      bone weight were observed. There were no significant increases in serum Al
      concentration but bone and kidney ALPase activities were also observed. These
      results suggest that Al ingestion can cause hyperphosphatemia in the intact
      animal. Effects of Al on nutrition should be considered even if serum Al
      concentration does not increase.

PMID- 3388447
TI  - Sister chromatid exchanges and micronuclei formations induced by sorbic acid and
      sorbic acid-nitrite in vivo in mice.
AB  - The in vivo induction of sister chromatid exchanges and micronuclei formations by
      acute treatment with different concentrations of sorbic acid and by nitrite,
      individually and in combination, was studied in bone marrow cells of mice. A
      significant increase in the frequency of sister chromatid exchanges was only
      observed with the three higher concentrations of sorbic acid when compared to a
      distilled water control. Sodium nitrite produced a significant increase at all
      doses tested. A combination of half the concentration of sorbic acid and of
      sodium nitrite gave an additive effect over that of sorbic acid or sodium nitrite
      alone. In the micronucleus assay, the highest dose of sorbic acid (150 mg/kg body
      weight) produced a significant increase in micronuclei formations compared to the
      distilled water control. Sodium nitrite alone induced significant numbers of
      micronuclei at all concentrations tested when compared to the negative control.
      However, a combination of half the concentration of sorbic acid and of sodium
      nitrite gave synergistic effects which could possibly be ascribed to the
      formation of certain genotoxic compounds in vivo.

PMID- 3388448
TI  - Testicular effects of acrylonitrile in mice.
AB  - Daily oral administration of acrylonitrile (10 mg/kg body weight) to mice for a
      period of 60 days caused a significant decrease in the activity of testicular
      sorbitol dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase, and an increase in that of lactate
      dehydrogenase and beta-glucuronidase. Histopathological studies revealed
      degeneration of the seminiferous tubules. A decrease in the sperm counts of the
      epididymal spermatozoa was also observed in the animals of the acrylonitrile
      exposed group. These observations suggest that acrylonitrile may affect the male
      reproductive function by causing testicular injury.

PMID- 3388449
TI  - Cytogenetic activity of methyl isocyanate in vivo in the mouse micronucleus test.
AB  - The ability of methyl isocyanate (MIC) to induce mutagenic and cytotoxic effects
      in vivo in the mouse micronucleus test was evaluated by assessing the induction
      of micronuclei and depression of polychromatic erythrocytes in bone marrow and
      peripheral blood smears. Animals were exposed to MIC through intraperitoneal
      injection for 2 and 5 days in separate experiments, and bone marrow and
      peripheral blood were sampled 6 and 48 h after the last injection, respectively.
      MIC did not significantly increase the frequencies of micronucleated
      polychromatic erythrocytes (MN-PCE) and micronucleated normochromatic
      erythrocytes (MN-NCE) in bone marrow and peripheral blood samples respectively in
      either twice or multiply treated mice. However, a dose-dependent depression in
      percentage PCE observed was significant. This indicates that MIC exposure led to
      the cytotoxic effect by inhibition of bone marrow cell proliferation.

PMID- 3388450
TI  - Mobilization of stored hexachlorobenzene and p,p-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene
      during partial starvation in rats.
AB  - Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE)
      kinetics were compared in rats before, during and after partial starvation. Food
      restriction produced a drastic mobilization of the residues stored in the adipose
      tissue resulting in symptoms of neurotoxicity. The redistribution was reversible
      and did not produce a significant reduction in the chemicals body burden. HCB and
      p,p'-DDE, although both highly lipophilic, showed important differences in their
      blood transport and distribution pattern, with more HCB being transported by red
      blood cells and with a greater facility for HCB to reach the liver and the brain.

PMID- 3388451
TI  - Cerebral artery atherosclerosis and diet.

PMID- 3388452
TI  - Intracarotid urokinase with thromboembolic occlusion of the middle cerebral
      artery.
AB  - Intracarotid urokinase infusion therapy was performed on 22 patients with
      evolving cerebral infarction due to acute thromboembolic occlusion of the middle
      cerebral artery. Mean time from onset of symptoms to start of infusion and mean
      dosage of urokinase were 4.5 hours and 927,000 units, respectively. Immediate
      recanalization was achieved in 10 patients (45%) after urokinase therapy. In
      patients with successful recanalization, rapid amelioration of symptoms followed
      the restoration of blood flow. Thrombolytic recanalization was associated with
      reduction of neurologic deficits and of computed tomography-demonstrable
      infarction volume. The reduction of infarction volume and functional outcome
      correlated highly with the degree of reflow. Hemorrhagic transformation of
      infarction occurred in four patients and controllable extracranial bleeding in
      three patients. These results support the safety and efficacy of urokinase
      therapy for acute thromboembolic occlusion of the middle cerebral artery.

PMID- 3388453
TI  - Cerebral blood flow asymmetry in the detection of extracranial cerebrovascular
      disease.
AB  - Regional cerebral blood flow was measured by the 133Xe inhalation technique in
      patients with unilateral carotid occlusion, unilateral carotid occlusion and
      contralateral carotid stenosis, bilateral carotid occlusion, or normal
      arteriograms. After adjusting for age, sex, and history of stroke, hemispheric
      blood flow asymmetry was shown to be a predictor of unilateral carotid occlusion
      with a sensitivity of 80.6% and a specificity of 80.5%. Asymmetry of regional
      cerebral blood flow is useful in the assessment of patients with extracranial
      cerebrovascular disease.

PMID- 3388454
TI  - A prospective study of cerebral artery atherosclerosis.
AB  - Atherosclerosis in the circle of Willis and its major branches was studied
      prospectively in 198 men in the Honolulu Heart Program who were free of
      cardiovascular disease at the entry examination. The level of atherosclerosis was
      greater in the large arteries of the circle of Willis than in the small arteries,
      and autopsy-verified cerebral infarction was strongly associated with increasing
      severity of atherosclerosis in both. Analyses of the association of
      atherosclerosis scores with biologic and lifestyle characteristics measured at
      entry into the study indicated that atherosclerosis in the large arteries was
      consistently related to age, diastolic blood pressure, serum cholesterol, and
      height (inversely). Weak trends of association were also found with increasing
      serum glucose concentration, increasing cigarette use, and decreasing alcohol
      intake. Atherosclerosis scores in the small arteries were associated with
      diastolic blood pressure and serum triglyceride concentration. Analysis of
      dietary intake indicated that atherosclerosis scores were higher for men who
      reported low intakes of fat and animal protein and high intakes of vegetable
      protein and total carbohydrates. These patterns were consistent with similar
      findings on the incidence of clinical stroke in this cohort. Age-adjusted and 
      specific atherosclerosis scores from both the large and small arteries declined
      significantly during the period 1965-1983.

PMID- 3388455
TI  - Identification of recent lacunar lesions in cases of multiple small infarctions
      by magnetic resonance  imaging.
AB  - In nine patients with recent lacunar stroke who revealed multiple small lesions
      in x-ray computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), CT and
      MRI enhancement studies were performed on the same day employing iodinated
      contrast medium and gadolinium-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA),
      respectively. In CT, the injection of contrast medium enhanced recent lesions in
      only four of the nine patients; furthermore, the effect was weak. In MRI, the
      injection of Gd-DTPA enhanced recent lesions in all patients except for one who
      was examined 4 weeks after ictus, and the effect was excellent. Recent infarcts
      could be identified only by Gd-DTPA-enhanced MRI in four of the nine patients. In
      patients with multiple small infarctions, identification of recent small
      infarcted lesions by CT or MRI is sometimes difficult; however, the use of Gd
      DTPA in MRI makes it possible to distinguish recent infarcts from other lesions
      definitively.

PMID- 3388456
TI  - Photochemically stimulated blood-borne factors induce blood-brain barrier
      alterations in rats.
AB  - We have tested the hypothesis that blood-borne substances released from a site of
      vascular thrombosis can lead to acute alterations in the blood-brain barrier. The
      right common carotid artery of rats was photothrombosed using a dye/light insult.
      Rats were given the photosensitizing dye rose bengal and irradiated for 4 minutes
      with an argon laser beam focused onto the exposed common carotid artery. During
      the irradiation, 3 ml of blood was taken from the right external carotid artery.
      After 10 minutes, the blood was infused into the external carotid artery of a
      recipient rat that had received horseradish peroxidase. Fifteen minutes after
      blood infusion, bilateral peroxidase extravasation was noted within cortical and
      subcortical areas of recipient rats, being most intense ipsilaterally.
      Ultrastructural studies demonstrated peroxidase reaction product within numerous
      endothelial vesicles of arteriolar segments. Infusion of blood from control rats
      did not produce similar changes. Thus, photoinduced vascular thrombosis of a
      large feeding artery leads to the formation of blood-borne factors that acutely
      alter cerebral vascular permeability.

PMID- 3388457
TI  - Stroke risk factors prepare rat brainstem tissues for modified local Shwartzman
      reaction.
AB  - Stroke risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, advanced age, and genetic
      predisposition to stroke were demonstrated to prepare rat brainstem tissues for a
      modified local Shwartzman reaction. A single intracisternal injection of
      endotoxin provoked the reaction, and affected rats manifested neurologic deficits
      accompanied by pathologic lesions. Brainstem infarcts developed in only a small
      proportion of rats without recognized risk factors after intracisternal injection
      of endotoxin. Thus, stroke risk factors, which are ordinarily regarded as
      operating through acceleration of atherosclerosis, may predispose to brain
      ischemia by local effects on brain microcirculation such as those thought to
      underlie preparation of a tissue for the local Shwartzman reaction.

PMID- 3388458
TI  - Subarachnoid hemorrhage fails to produce vasculopathy or chronic blood flow
      changes in rats.
AB  - Cerebral blood flow was measured by a [14C]butanol indicator fractionation
      technique in rats subjected to subarachnoid hemorrhage, in control rats, and in
      rats given injections of buffered saline into the subarachnoid space (sham
      hemorrhage). Cerebral blood flow was significantly decreased in both the
      subarachnoid hemorrhage and sham hemorrhage rats 3 hours after injection.
      However, blood flow returned to control levels by 24 hours, and measurement for
      14 days after subarachnoid hemorrhage failed to show any delayed decrease in
      cerebral blood flow. Electron microscopic studies of basilar arteries from rats
      subjected to subarachnoid hemorrhage 72 hours before killing failed to show any
      of the morphologic changes that have been associated with vasospasm in humans or
      in higher animal models. Our studies indicate that the rat model of subarachnoid
      hemorrhage has limited applicability to the study of subarachnoid hemorrhage
      following ruptured cerebral aneurysms in humans. However, although rats are not a
      perfect model of this clinical condition, some pathophysiologic changes similar
      to those observed in human subarachnoid hemorrhage have been demonstrated in this
      model and deserve further investigation.

PMID- 3388459
TI  - Metabolic alterations in rabbit cerebral arteries caused by subarachnoid
      hemorrhage.
AB  - The effect of subarachnoid hemorrhage on metabolic rates in rabbit cerebral
      arteries was investigated by measuring adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content and L
      lactate release. The mean +/- SEM ATP content was 0.38 +/- 0.02 mumol/g wet wt in
      control rabbit basilar arteries (n = 6). The ATP content decreased significantly
      to 0.17 +/- 0.02 mumol/g wet wt 2 days after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage
      (n = 6), although only a slight decrease was detected in the basilar arteries 2
      days after cisternal injection of the same amount of artificial cerebrospinal
      fluid. Hypoxia significantly decreased ATP content in the control basilar
      arteries to 0.26 +/- 0.04 mumol/g wet wt (n = 6). The same degree of hypoxia did
      not decrease ATP content in the basilar arteries after subarachnoid hemorrhage.
      Release of L-lactate was significantly higher from the arteries after
      subarachnoid hemorrhage than from the control arteries under both aerobic and
      hypoxic conditions. Our results indicate that subarachnoid hemorrhage induced an
      alteration of metabolic rates in rabbit cerebral arteries. The oxygen-requiring
      pathways to synthesize ATP may be important in control cerebral arteries;
      however, after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage, the main pathway in the
      cerebral arteries may shift from oxygen-requiring pathways to an anaerobic
      glycolytic pathway.

PMID- 3388460
TI  - Effects of aging and hypertension on endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation in
      rat carotid artery.
AB  - We evaluated the effects of aging and hypertension on endothelium-dependent
      relaxation of rat common carotid arteries using 14-week-old (young) and 11-month
      old (old) Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) and age-matched spontaneously hypertensive rats
      (SHR). Isometric tension of common carotid artery ring segments was measured.
      With a resting tension of 2.0 g determined from the baseline tension-contraction
      curves, precontraction was induced by 10(-5) M 5-hydroxytryptamine and
      endothelium-dependent relaxation was measured by application of either
      acetylcholine or adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP). Mean arterial blood pressure
      was 73.1 +/- 3.0 mm Hg in WKY and 110.0 +/- 3.1 mm Hg in SHR. These baseline
      values were significantly different. Acetylcholine-induced maximal relaxations
      were 70.1 +/- 2.6% of the 5-hydroxytryptamine-induced contraction in young WKY,
      45.6 +/- 2.1% in old WKY, 35.1 +/- 1.8% in young SHR, and 21.4 +/- 2.5% in old
      SHR. On the other hand, ATP-induced relaxations were 52.0 +/- 3.2%, 35.7 +/-
      3.8%, 21.7 +/- 3.5%, and 17.0 +/- 1.8% in the groups, respectively. Acetylcholine
      induced relaxations were significantly different between WKY and SHR, young and
      old, independently. On the other hand, ATP-induced relaxations were also
      significantly different between young and old WKY, although no significant
      difference was observed between young and old SHR. The fact that endothelium
      dependent relaxation of a cephalic artery is impaired in old rats and in
      hypertensive rats suggests that aging and hypertension are risk factors that may
      augment the disturbance of the cerebral circulation in pathologic conditions.

PMID- 3388461
TI  - Accumulation of intimal platelets in cerebral arteries following experimental
      subarachnoid hemorrhage in cats.
AB  - From 2 hours to 23 days following experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage, the
      accumulation of indium-111-labeled platelets on the intimal surface of the middle
      cerebral artery was studied in 23 cats. Subarachnoid hemorrhage was produced by
      transorbital rupture of the right middle cerebral artery. Of the 23 cats, 17
      exhibited right middle cerebral artery/left middle cerebral artery radioactivity
      ratios of greater than 1.25. When these results were compared with those of 12
      control cats, 0.001 less than p less than 0.005 (chi2 test). Thus, the results
      from the control and experimental groups are significantly different and indicate
      early (after 2 hours) preferential accumulation of intimal platelets in the
      ruptured right middle cerebral artery compared with the unruptured left middle
      cerebral artery and new platelet deposition continuing for up to 23 days.
      However, the experimental group did not reveal a clear pattern for platelet
      accumulation following subarachnoid hemorrhage. There was no simple correlation
      between the magnitude of the radioactivity ratios and the time after hemorrhage
      when the cats were killed although the ratios for 2 hours to 7 days seemed
      greater than those for 8 to 23 days. Assuming the pivotal role of platelets in
      the angiopathy of subarachnoid hemorrhage, the administration of antiplatelet
      agents as soon as possible following its occurrence may be of value.

PMID- 3388462
TI  - Treatment of sagittal sinus thrombosis associated with cerebral hemorrhage and
      intracranial hypertension.
AB  - Two cases of complete sagittal sinus occlusion with multiple brain hemorrhages,
      elevated intracranial pressure, and disseminated intravascular coagulation are
      described. These patients were successfully managed using pentobarbital-induced
      coma to ameliorate intracranial pressure elevation. This therapy was combined
      with monitoring of intracranial pressure and intermittent drainage of
      cerebrospinal fluid to further control intracranial pressure elevations. Thrombus
      and coagulopathy resolved with pentobarbital alone in one patient and after
      pentobarbital plus heparin therapy in the second patient. It is suggested that
      cases of severe distal sagittal sinus thrombosis with brain hemorrhage and
      intracranial hypertension may benefit from combined pentobarbital coma and
      intraventricular drainage. This allows for stabilization of bleeding tendencies
      before instituting heparin therapy when necessary. Management of sagittal sinus
      thrombosis with barbiturates or ventricular drainage is best performed in an
      intensive care unit environment with continuous monitoring of intracranial
      pressure and substantial electrophysiologic and neuroradiologic support.

PMID- 3388463
TI  - A model of bilateral hemispheric ischemia--modified four-vessel occlusion in
      rats.

PMID- 3388464
TI  - Oral contraceptive use and risk of stroke.

PMID- 3388465
TI  - Understanding and preventing suicide. Plenary papers of the first combined
      meeting of the AAS and the IASP. American Association of Suicidology and the
      International Association for Suicide Prevention. San Francisco, May 1987.

PMID- 3388466
TI  - The effect of suicide stories on various demographic groups, 1968-1985.

PMID- 3388467
TI  - In remembrance of things past: prospects for the future.

PMID- 3388468
TI  - The decision to terminate one's life: psychoanalytic thoughts on suicide.

PMID- 3388469
TI  - Suicide danger: clinical estimation and decision.

PMID- 3388470
TI  - Suicidal tendencies in the elderly.

PMID- 3388471
TI  - The two traditions in suicide research (the Dublin lecture).

PMID- 3388472
TI  - Conceptual, methodological, and sociocultural issues in black youth suicide:
      implications for assessment and early intervention.

PMID- 3388473
TI  - The impact of suicide in television movies: replication and commentary.

PMID- 3388474
TI  - Epidemiologic characteristics of blood donors with antibody to human
      immunodeficiency virus.
AB  - From March 1985 through July 1986, blood donors who were positive for antibody to
      human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were evaluated at three major blood centers in
      the United States. Of 818,629 donations, 450 (0.05%) were HIV antibody-positive.
      The seroprevalence decreased from 0.07 to 0.04 percent during the study period,
      due perhaps to a decline in repeat donors. HIV-seropositive donors tended to be
      20 to 29 years old (52%) and male (88%). HIV seroprevalence among white donors
      (2/10,000 donations) was less than that among Hispanic (9/10,000; p less than
      0.0001) and black donors (31/10,000; p less than 0.0001). Of 152 seropositive men
      interviewed, 77 percent reported sexual contact with men; of this latter group,
      53 percent were bisexual. Fifteen (44%) of 34 seropositive women had apparently
      acquired infection from heterosexual contact, and an equal number denied having
      any known risk factors for HIV infection. Educational efforts must address women
      and bisexual men who do not perceive themselves to be at risk for HIV infection
      and should be specifically designed for the mores of different racial and ethnic
      groups.

PMID- 3388475
TI  - Comparative study of the efficacy and safety of intranasal DDAVP administered to
      normal blood donors.
AB  - A study of the efficacy and safety of intranasal 1-deamino-8-D-arginine
      vasopressin (DDAVP; 300 micrograms) in normal blood donors was carried out in a
      double-blind, controlled, comparative study. In addition, the effect of heparin
      or citrate anticoagulation of blood on the recovery of factor VIII (FVIII) in
      plasma, cryoprecipitate, and a FVIII concentrate was assessed. Citrated plasma
      from placebo (CP) or DDAVP-treated donors (CD) contained 1103 +/- 73 and 1470 +/-
      141 units per liter of FVIII, respectively (p less than 0.01), whereas the
      heparinized plasma from placebo (HP) or DDAVP-treated donors (HD) contained 1328
      +/- 130 (p less than 0.01) and 2023 +/- 358 units per liter (p less than 0.01),
      respectively. The FVIII could be recovered in both cryoprecipitate and cold
      reprecipitated cryoprecipitate (CRC) fractions. DDAVP treatment improved FVIII
      recovery by 41 percent in the concentrate from citrated plasma (p less than 0.01)
      and by 127 percent in that from heparinized plasma (p less than 0.01). The
      specific activity of concentrates from the CP, CD, HP, and HD groups was 0.95 +/-
      0.1, 1.4 +/- 0.1 (p less than 0.01), 0.9 +/- 0.1, and 1.47 +/- 0.2 U per mg of
      protein (p less than 0.01), respectively. The stability of the final product was
      the same, regardless of the method of treatment or collection. The side effects
      of intranasal treatment were mild and transient and occurred with similar
      frequency in both placebo and DDAVP treatment groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3388477
TI  - Detection of drug-dependent platelet antibodies using immobilized Staphylococcal
      protein A.
AB  - Serum samples from eight patients suspected of having drug-induced immunologic
      thrombocytopenia provoked by a variety of medications were tested for drug
      dependent platelet antibodies with a newly developed assay that forms rosettes of
      antibody-coated platelets around Staphylococcal protein A-Sepharose beads. The
      same samples were then tested with immunofluorescence and 51Cr-release assays.
      Seven of eight patients (87.5%) tested positive for drug-dependent antibodies by
      the rosette assay. In contrast, two of eight (25.0%) and one of eight (12.5%)
      patients tested positive for drug-dependent antibodies by immunofluorescence and
      51Cr release, respectively. These results demonstrate that the new rosette method
      is significantly more sensitive and specific for the detection of drug-dependent
      platelet antibodies than either immunofluorescence or 51Cr release.

PMID- 3388476
TI  - An autologous fibrinogen-based adhesive for use in otologic surgery.
AB  - Successful middle ear surgery requires the availability of a safe, effective
      bonding material. Side effects caused by synthetic materials have led to the use
      of biologic adhesives; however, they carry the risk of transmission of infectious
      disease if they are prepared from pooled human blood. A procedure for the
      production of an autologous fibrinogen-based adhesive using polyethylene glycol
      to precipitate the fibrinogen-factor XIII component from plasma is described.
      This procedure requires 40 ml of whole blood and approximately 3 hours'
      preparation time, and it can be performed in any blood bank with the facilities
      for sterile techniques. This adhesive has been used successfully for otologic
      surgery in 12 patients, and further study of the use of this biologic adhesive
      for other microsurgical techniques should be undertaken.

PMID- 3388479
TI  - Discrepancies in reverse ABO typing due to prozone. How safe is the immediate
      spin crossmatch?
AB  - Three group O sera manifesting prozone in reverse ABO tests are reported. All
      were implicated in erroneous blood typing results. One sample failed to react
      with A1 red cells (RBCs) in immediate-spin (IS) tests, had anti-A and -B titers
      of 8192 and 2048, respectively, by indirect antiglobulin technique (IAT), and was
      from a diabetic patient; the parenteral administration of A substance present in
      porcine insulin is a possible cause of hyperimmunity in this case. The second
      sample was from the recipient of a single unit of group B fresh-frozen plasma;
      the serum anti-A and -B titers were 10,240 by IAT, but only weak reactions with
      A1 and B RBCs were noted in routine IS reverse typing tests; the hyperimmunity in
      the patient concerned was likely due to crossreacting anti-A, B stimulated by B
      active glycoproteins and/or glycolipids in the transfused plasma. The third serum
      also had anti-A and anti-B IAT titers of 10,240 but did not react with A1 and B
      RBCs by IS; the hyperimmunity in this case may be related to sepsis from
      intestinal flora carrying A- and/or B-like antigens. These antibodies lysed A1
      and/or B RBCs in tests incubated at room temperature (RT) and strongly
      agglutinated those RBCs by IS when diluted 10-fold with saline. The absence of
      the prozone phenomenon in tests with RBCs suspended in diluents containing EDTA
      is consistent with the previously published mechanism for anti-A prozone: namely,
      the steric hindrance of agglutination by the C1 component of human
      complement.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3388478
TI  - First example of familial posttransfusion purpura in two PlA1-negative sisters.
AB  - Posttransfusion purpura (PTP) (platelet count 5000/microliter) was diagnosed in a
      female patient (never transfused, gravida IV, para IV) 1 week after transfusion
      for hysterectomy in 1978. She did not respond to pooled random-donor platelets
      but recovered following a single plasma exchange. Her platelets were PlA1
      negative, and her plasma contained potent anti-PlA1. In 1986, her sister (never
      transfused, gravida III, para III) developed PTP (platelet counts 5
      15,000/microliter) following surgery-associated transfusion. She did not respond
      to pooled random-donor platelets. Platelet-associated IgG was markedly elevated
      (5365) molecules/platelet; normal, less than 660); her plasma contained a potent
      platelet antibody with anti-PlA1 specificity. Her platelets were subsequently
      shown to be PlA1 negative. The platelet count did not rise above 30,000 per
      microliter, despite 3 days of high-dose methylprednisolone sodium succinate and 2
      weeks of prednisone (80 mg/day). Later, her platelet count increased and remained
      normal after steroids were discontinued. The two sisters proved to be HLA
      identical, and each possessed one haplotype carrying the DR3 marker, which has
      been implicated as a risk factor in neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia
      associated with anti-PlA1.

PMID- 3388480
TI  - Serologic evidence that Scianna null (Sc:-1,-2) red cells lack multiple high
      frequency antigens.
AB  - Sera from three unrelated persons whose red cells (RBC) had the common Scianna
      phenotype (Sc:1,-2) contained IgG alloantibodies directed against high-frequency
      RBC antigens. In each case, sera or eluates or both failed to react only with
      Scianna null (Sc:-1,-2) cells, although an eluate from one person was compatible
      with a sibling's Sc:1,-2 cells. Cross-testing cells with sera or eluates, or
      both, from the three persons revealed no mutual compatibility. These studies show
      the existence of three additional RBC antigens phenotypically related to the
      Scianna blood group system. Sc:-1,-2 cells lack these antigens, which indicates
      that Scianna null cells lack multiple high-frequency antigens.

PMID- 3388481
TI  - Effect of ABO incompatibility on the fate in vivo of 111Indium granulocytes.
AB  - The effect of ABO incompatibility on the in vivo fate of 111Indium granulocytes
      was determined. The intravascular recovery and survival (t1/2) and extravascular
      migration into a skin window of normal-donor granulocytes did not differ in 15
      subjects from the values obtained in four controls who received ABO-compatible
      granulocytes. Nor was the correlation between the ABO antibody titers and the in
      vivo measurements strongly positive. It is concluded that ABO incompatibility did
      not alter the in vivo fate of granulocytes.

PMID- 3388482
TI  - Chemotaxin receptor cycling in fresh and stored granulocytes.
AB  - The authors reported previously that stored granulocytes (PMN) had decreased
      receptor affinity (Kd) for and chemotaxis (CTX) to the chemotactic peptide F-Met
      Leu-Phe (FMLP), but the evidence did not favor a significant role for altered
      FMLP receptor affinity in causing diminished CTX of stored PMN. Since recruitment
      and/or recycling of FMLP receptors is required for normal CTX, the hypothesis
      that stored PMN might have abnormal FMLP receptor cycling was tested. The effect
      of storage on the proportion of high- and low-affinity FMLP receptors was also
      investigated. Units of PMN were tested within 4 hours of collection and after 24
      and 48 hours of storage at 22 degrees C, unagitated, in 150-ml transfer packs. In
      comparison to fresh PMN, there was no alteration in the Kd of the high-affinity
      FMLP receptor of PMN stored for 24 to 48 hours; however, the Kd of the low
      affinity receptor increased (fresh PMN = 36 +/- 5 nM; 24 hours = 107 +/- 19; 48
      hours = 121 +/- 22; p less than 0.01 for both 24 and 48 h versus fresh PMN).
      Likewise, while the number of high-affinity receptors increased (fresh PMN =
      25,000 +/- 6,000 receptors/PMN; 24 hours = 95,000 +/- 21,000; 48 hours = 161,000
      +/- 40,000; p less than 0.01 for both 24 and 48 hours versus fresh PMN). No
      abnormality was found in the ability of stored PMN to down-regulate FMLP
      receptors in the presence of ligand or to reexpress FMLP receptors after a 15
      minute incubation in the absence of ligand.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3388483
TI  - Reduction in the toxicity of a component of an artificial blood substitute by
      supercritical fluid fractionation.
AB  - Artificial blood substitutes (ABS) containing the surfactant Pluronic F68 (F68)
      are reported to be cytotoxic to cell lines. Because of F68's reported impairment
      of granulocyte function, it was hypothesized that F68 was also responsible for
      the cytotoxicity of ABS, possibly as a result of a separable fraction of the F68,
      separation of which could be achieved using supercritical fluid fractionation
      (SFF). SFF employs gases, such as carbon dioxide, under high pressure to dissolve
      the parent compound, a process that is followed by step-by-step precipitation and
      recovery of the dissolved material. The toxicity of F68 to human and animal cells
      was investigated by culturing Hela and B16 cells in the presence or absence of
      F68. Cells were grown for 4 days, harvested, and counted. Hela and B16 growth
      were markedly inhibited by F68. Four lots of F68 at 20 mg per ml inhibited Hela
      growth by 54 +/- 10 percent (p less than 0.05). In four dose-response
      experiments, three lots of F68 caused 50 percent inhibition of cell growth at 25
      +/- 17 mg per ml. Four lots of F68 were also processed by SFF. Hela cells were
      grown in the presence of control media, parent (unextracted) F68, the early
      fractions of SFF extraction (XT), and the residual (partially purified) (RES
      F68). All parent F68, XT, and RES F68 were at 20 mg per ml. In 11 studies, the XT
      were 77 +/- 25 percent more toxic than the parent F68 (p less than 0.02), and the
      RES F68 were 30 +/- 11 percent less toxic than parent F68 (p less than
      0.02).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3388484
TI  - Cost comparison of intraoperative autologous versus homologous transfusion.
AB  - The cost of autologous transfusions using semiautomated instruments in 52
      orthopedic cases, 75 coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) cases, and 218 aortic
      aneurysm cases was compared to the cost of equal amounts of homologous blood.
      While none of the orthopedic cases reached cost equivalence (median cost deficit
      per case, +97), 31 percent of the CABG cases (median cost deficit per case, +61)
      and 56 percent of the thoracic aortic aneurysm cases (mean cost surplus per case,
      +30) did so. In most cases, the major orthopedic and CABG procedures do not reach
      cost equivalence and might be served better by other means of autologous blood
      recovery. The more expensive semicontinuous flow devices are more cost-effective
      for higher-yield cases, such as major aortic aneurysm procedures.

PMID- 3388485
TI  - The in vitro evaluation of two filters (Erypur and Imugard IG 500) for white cell
      poor platelet concentrates.
AB  - White cell-poor blood components are useful in patients with white cell
      antibodies. White cells are efficiently removed by two different filters, Imugard
      and Erypur, which have used saline as the filter solution. This study evaluated
      these filters as to their production of white cell-poor platelets. Pools of
      random-donor platelet concentrates were filtered. Prefiltration and
      postfiltration samples were evaluated for percentages of platelet recovery, white
      cell (WBC) removal, and platelet function. The two filter solutions tested were
      normal-strength saline (NSS) and fresh-frozen plasma (FFP). Postfiltration
      samples using NSS showed no measurable platelet aggregation with ADP,
      epinephrine, or collagen. However, with FFP, both filters showed 100 percent
      platelet aggregation with ADP, epinephrine, and collagen. The FFP filter solution
      provided excellent white cell removal in both filters (Imugard: 100% WBC removal
      or less than 1.0 X 10(6) residual WBC; Erypur: 99.5% removal or greater than 1.0
      X 10(7) residual WBC); however, platelet recovery was better with Imugard (95%)
      than with Erypur (55%). The filtration procedure is an excellent method for the
      preparation of white cell-poor platelets; however, the quantity of the saline
      solution recommended for the filtering of red cells must be minimized for
      platelets.

PMID- 3388486
TI  - Comparison of assays for anti-HBc in blood donors.
AB  - Testing for anti-HBc has been recommended for use as a paradoxical or surrogate
      marker of carriers of non-A, non-B hepatitis. Serial sampling on a pool of 35,600
      donors was done and those donors found to be repeatedly reactive by EIA method
      were rested using RIA methodology. Of 1367 donors found to be repeatedly reactive
      by EIA method, only 984 were confirmed by RIA. Those found to be reactive by EIA
      only were allowed to donate blood again, with only three of them becoming
      positive by both EIA and RIA on subsequent donations. The majority of these
      donors (107 out of 151) reverted to EIA negative status. Therefore, the finding
      of a positive anti-HBc by EIA method that could not be repeated by RIA method is
      not an early reproducible sign of anti-HBc reactive status.

PMID- 3388487
TI  - Current autologous transfusion practices. Implications for the future.
AB  - A questionnaire was distributed to 509 AABB institutional members to evaluate
      current autologous transfusion practices. Results were returned from 47 blood
      centers, 108 transfusion services and 64 hospital blood banks (response rate
      43%). Results indicate that not all eligible patients are allowed to donate due
      to unnecessarily strict eligibility criteria. Thirty percent of autologous units
      are not tested for infectious disease markers. Of those units tested and found
      positive for anti-HIV or HBsAg, 53 and 72% respectively, of the institutions
      provide the units to the intended recipient. Forty-seven percent of institutions
      perform an AHG crossmatch for autologous recipients. Sixty five percent of
      institutions permit "crossing-over" of autologous units for homologous use.
      Implications of these findings for the development of standards for autologous
      transfusion programs are discussed.

PMID- 3388488
TI  - A blood donor presenting with late onset hypogammaglobulinemia.

PMID- 3388489
TI  - Positive direct antiglobulin test in acute leukemia at presentation.

PMID- 3388490
TI  - The effect of fresh normal serum on monocyte monolayer assay reactivity.

PMID- 3388491
TI  - Some stored antibodies give unreliable results in the monocyte monolayer assay.

PMID- 3388493
TI  - Histoincompatible myoblast injection improves muscle structure and function of
      dystrophic mice.

PMID- 3388492
TI  - Thymic immunopathology after cyclosporine: effect of irradiation and age on
      medullary involution and recovery.

PMID- 3388494
TI  - Small intestinal transplantation in a child using cyclosporine.

PMID- 3388495
TI  - Autonomic function limits mucosal transport in cyclosporine-treated small
      intestinal transplants.

PMID- 3388496
TI  - A new technique for microvascular imaging in small bowel transplantation.

PMID- 3388497
TI  - Prospective serial renal function studies in patients with nonrenal disease
      treated with cyclosporine A.

PMID- 3388498
TI  - Cyclosporine-induced nephrotoxicity: pathophysiology of decreased blood flow.

PMID- 3388499
TI  - Acute effects of cyclosporine on glomerular dynamics--micropuncture study in the
      rat.

PMID- 3388500
TI  - Cyclosporine ischemia effects in the rat kidney: further biochemical observations
      with emphasis on calcium handling.

PMID- 3388501
TI  - Dopamine counteracts the acute renal effects of cyclosporine in normal subjects.

PMID- 3388502
TI  - Effects of chronic cyclosporine therapy on renal vascular reactivity in the
      isolated perfused rabbit kidney.

PMID- 3388503
TI  - Cyclosporine nephrotoxicity in conscious sheep.

PMID- 3388504
TI  - Effects of cyclosporine on renal hemodynamics and autoregulation in rats.

PMID- 3388505
TI  - Cyclosporine-induced nephrotoxicity: preventive effect of a PAF-acether
      antagonist, BN 52063.

PMID- 3388506
TI  - The use of lithium clearance measurements to assess renal tubular function in
      experimental and clinical cyclosporine nephrotoxicity.

PMID- 3388507
TI  - Is the inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation chains in kidney mitochondria
      responsible for cyclosporine nephrotoxicity?

PMID- 3388508
TI  - Nephrotoxicity of cyclosporine in renal tubule cultures and attenuation by
      calcium restriction.

PMID- 3388509
TI  - Cyclosporine toxicity in the isolated perfused rat kidney.

PMID- 3388510
TI  - Effect of cyclosporine A on cultured human kidney cells: lipid peroxidation and
      cytosolic calcium.

PMID- 3388511
TI  - Cyclosporine A in contrast to a cyclosporine metabolite (OL-17) specifically
      inhibits growth of renal cells in culture.

PMID- 3388512
TI  - Ultrastructural study of collapsed proximal tubules in perfusion/fixed kidneys of
      Sprague-Dawley rats treated with cyclosporine.

PMID- 3388513
TI  - Cyclosporine effects on isolated membranes, proximal tubule cells, and
      interstitium of the kidney.
AB  - The pathogenesis of renal cell injury is a complex interplay among derangements
      in subcellular membrane function and mediators of injurious processes. Plasma and
      subcellular membrane injury and the resulting membrane dysfunction appear
      especially important. As detailed previously in this report, Cs, an extremely
      lipophilic compound, has the ability to bind to renal brush border membranes,
      interact with mitochondrial membranes resulting in multiple sites of dysfunction,
      and accumulate in high concentrations in renal proximal tubule cells. In spite of
      these interactions, Cs could not be shown to be directly toxic in vitro to
      proximal tubule cells. Thus, from these experiments, it is difficult to conclude
      that Cs-induced acute renal failure observed in vivo is due to a direct tubular
      toxic effect, even though Cs has the capability to interact with critical renal
      membranes at low concentrations. The majority of present evidence, therefore,
      does not suggest a toxic effect of Cs on renal epithelial cells. Instead, the
      acute effect of Cs to produce a decline in renal excretory function appears to be
      due to a fall in renal blood flow. On the other hand, the chronic effect of Cs to
      produce a decline in renal excretory function appears to be due to an effect of
      this agent to induce interstitial fibrosis. In this regard, recent findings
      summarized in this report demonstrate that Cs produces (over ten days) a higher
      than normal collagen content, as measured by hydroxyproline levels, in the
      kidney. In addition, this increase in collagen content with Cs treatment was
      associated with a significant increase in proliferation of cells in the renal
      interstitium, as determined by 3H-thymidine incorporation into DNA. This increase
      in DNA incorporation after Cs was not observed in other organs, including liver,
      spleen, or heart. Histologic assessment of these proliferating cells revealed
      them to be mononuclear. Cell surface markers also demonstrated an increase in LCA
      positive cells in the renal interstitium. These results, therefore, suggest a
      readily demonstrable effect of Cs on the renal interstitium. The relationship
      between Cs dosage and interstitial cell proliferation as well as the relationship
      between Cs-induced renal perfusion alterations and this interstitial
      proliferative process mandates further investigation.

PMID- 3388514
TI  - Chronic renal damage caused by cyclosporine.

PMID- 3388515
TI  - Subcapsular interstitial fibrosis in kidneys of rats treated with cyclosporine
      for 16 weeks.

PMID- 3388516
TI  - Reduced nephrotoxicity of cyclosporine A after incorporation into liposomes.

PMID- 3388517
TI  - The mechanism of cyclosporine-induced cholestasis in the rat.

PMID- 3388518
TI  - Experimental cyclosporine nephrotoxicity in the rat: effect of biliary ligation
      and cannulation.

PMID- 3388519
TI  - Cyclosporine A augments the regenerative response after partial hepatectomy in
      the rat.

PMID- 3388520
TI  - Cyclosporine-induced hepatotoxicity: a microassay by hepatocytes in tissue
      culture.

PMID- 3388521
TI  - Proposed mechanism of cyclosporine toxicity: inhibition of protein synthesis.

PMID- 3388522
TI  - The effect of cyclosporine on liver regeneration.

PMID- 3388523
TI  - Cyclosporine A-induced alterations in rat hepatic glycogen metabolism.

PMID- 3388524
TI  - Cancers after cyclosporine therapy.

PMID- 3388525
TI  - Absence of genotoxic potential for cyclosporine in experimental systems.

PMID- 3388526
TI  - Neurologic abnormalities and mortality in rats treated with cyclosporine A.

PMID- 3388527
TI  - Autoimmune hemolytic anemia in cyclosporine-treated organ allograft recipients.

PMID- 3388528
TI  - Lymphocyte-mediated effects of cyclosporine on human fibroblasts.

PMID- 3388529
TI  - [Adenosine, magnesium and the cardiovascular system].

PMID- 3388530
TI  - [Cysteine stones. Principles of prevention and irrigation treatment].

PMID- 3388531
TI  - [Thanatophoric dwarfism].

PMID- 3388532
TI  - [Trends in the occurrence of ischemic heart disease among bus drivers in
      Copenhagen].

PMID- 3388533
TI  - [Extravisceral soft tissue sarcoma. Basis for referral and prognoses in 145
      cases].

PMID- 3388534
TI  - [Partial circumcision by the Plastibell method in 245 boys].

PMID- 3388535
TI  - [Circumcision by the Plastibell method. A long-term study].

PMID- 3388536
TI  - [Clinical use of computer-analysed electrocardiography].

PMID- 3388537
TI  - [Granulosa cell tumors of the testis in neonates].

PMID- 3388538
TI  - [Pneumoperitoneum, pneumoretroperitoneum, mediastinal emphysema and subcutaneous
      emphysema after herniotomy].

PMID- 3388539
TI  - [Pleomorphic pseudosarcomatous carcinoma of larynx].

PMID- 3388540
TI  - [Paraspinal lipomatosis].

PMID- 3388541
TI  - [Asbestos in talcum--once more].

PMID- 3388542
TI  - [Pulsoximetry. A new monitoring possibility for clinical use].

PMID- 3388543
TI  - [Aspartame].

PMID- 3388544
TI  - [Oxygen measurement during transport to the recovery room].

PMID- 3388545
TI  - [Preventive aspects of suicidal behavior].

PMID- 3388546
TI  - [Pain relief during labor. A questionnaire study before and after labor].

PMID- 3388547
TI  - [Treatment of testicular hydrocele with aspiration and injection of polidocanol
      (Ethoxysclerol)].

PMID- 3388548
TI  - [A modified Thiersch surgical method with polypropylene gauze (Marlex) in rectal
      prolapse].

PMID- 3388549
TI  - [Occupational pulmonary disease as differential diagnosis of sarcoidosis].

PMID- 3388550
TI  - [Possible toxic hepatitis after intake of an alternative preparation].

PMID- 3388551
TI  - [Acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis in children].

PMID- 3388552
TI  - [Idiopathic retroperitoneal hematoma. A case with slow onset of symptoms
      resembling an abdominal tumor].

PMID- 3388553
TI  - [Eosinophilic gastroenteritis with liver involvement and ascites].

PMID- 3388554
TI  - [Births and abortions 1982-1986].

PMID- 3388556
TI  - [Legislation and ethic concerning AIDS and HIV infection].

PMID- 3388555
TI  - [Initial symptoms and social conditions among persons exposed to organic
      solvents].

PMID- 3388557
TI  - [Traumatic luxation of the extensor tendons over the metacarpophalangeal joint].

PMID- 3388558
TI  - [Late effects of occupational organic brain damage in painters. Retirement from
      work and stress on the social network among painters with organic brain damage].

PMID- 3388559
TI  - [Reproducibility of replies to questionnaires sent to painters with and without
      occupational organic brain damage. Test-retest].

PMID- 3388560
TI  - [Monitoring of labor. A questionnaire study before and after labor].

PMID- 3388561
TI  - [Dietary study in an internal medical ward. Energy, protein and zinc intake of 56
      patients during hospitalization].

PMID- 3388562
TI  - [Traditional coronary risk factors in bus drivers].

PMID- 3388563
TI  - [Tarsal tunnel syndrome--an overlooked condition. A follow-up of 23 cases].

PMID- 3388564
TI  - [Bile duct cancer. A retrospective study of 48 cases].

PMID- 3388566
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of patients with vaginal discharge in general practice].

PMID- 3388565
TI  - [Can symptoms in cerebrovascular attacks in patients with internal carotid artery
      stenosis predict the extent to which cerebral circulation is compromised?].

PMID- 3388567
TI  - [The supracondylar process of the humerus].

PMID- 3388568
TI  - [Knee alloplasty: infection and other complications].

PMID- 3388569
TI  - [Continuing medical education].

PMID- 3388570
TI  - [Swedish continuing education under reform].

PMID- 3388571
TI  - [Rett syndrome. A common cause of psychomotor retardation among girls].

PMID- 3388572
TI  - [Prenatal diagnosis and treatment of complete atrioventricular block].

PMID- 3388573
TI  - [Obstetric conditions among Turkish immigrant women].

PMID- 3388574
TI  - [The blood sugar response in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes and healthy
      controls following a mixed meal of carbohydrates from corn and potatoes].

PMID- 3388575
TI  - [Radiographic demonstration of fractures of the carpal navicular bone and the
      value of a new projection].

PMID- 3388576
TI  - [Knee alloplasty by the Marmor method. A follow-up study for 5 to 8 years].

PMID- 3388577
TI  - [Arm injuries caused by driving with the elbow out the window].

PMID- 3388578
TI  - [Embolization of an aneurysm of the head of the pancreas].

PMID- 3388579
TI  - [Osteitis fibrosa generalisata].

PMID- 3388580
TI  - [Visual impairment caused by pituitary apoplexy].

PMID- 3388581
TI  - [Radiologically demonstrated osseous changes in Reiter's disease].

PMID- 3388582
TI  - [Lamp oil poisoning].

PMID- 3388583
TI  - [The predictive significance of the clinical evaluation of the degree of
      alcoholic intoxication in injured persons].

PMID- 3388584
TI  - [Chronic obstructive lung disease in pig breeders. Use of a filtering helmet
      respirator (airstream helmet) for diagnosis and secondary prevention].

PMID- 3388585
TI  - [Occurrence of middle ear trauma in amateur student divers].

PMID- 3388586
TI  - [The experience and attitudes of Turkish immigrant women with regard to labor in
      Denmark].

PMID- 3388587
TI  - [Young mothers and their children. A social pediatric study of young mothers'
      background and the conditions in pregnancy and labor].

PMID- 3388588
TI  - [Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid].

PMID- 3388589
TI  - [Perivasal prosthesis implantation in abdominal aortic aneurysm].

PMID- 3388591
TI  - [Mammary duct ectasia with formation of cholesterol granulomas].

PMID- 3388590
TI  - [Circulatory insufficiency during prevention of thrombosis with
      heparin/dihydroergotamine. Effect or side-effect?].

PMID- 3388592
TI  - [Abdominal angina caused by intimal fibroplasia in the mesenteric vessels].

PMID- 3388593
TI  - [Trivalent chromium--an essential trace element?].

PMID- 3388594
TI  - [Continuous blockade of peripheral nerves in the treatment of postoperative
      pain].

PMID- 3388595
TI  - [Aspergillus infections in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses].

PMID- 3388596
TI  - [Computer-aided dosing].

PMID- 3388597
TI  - [Referral of acute psychiatric patients. I. A 24-hour reception ward].

PMID- 3388598
TI  - [Is the Bain system dangerous?].

PMID- 3388599
TI  - [Should cervical cytological smears be taken with cotton swabs or a brush?].

PMID- 3388600
TI  - [Histological findings in persistent cytological atypy in the uterine cervix].

PMID- 3388601
TI  - [Quality of postoperative check-ups after uterine cervix conization].

PMID- 3388602
TI  - [Continuous sympathetic blockade after reimplantation of fingers].

PMID- 3388604
TI  - [Chronic subdural hematoma in an 11-year-old boy].

PMID- 3388603
TI  - [Complications of capillary blood-taking in neonates].

PMID- 3388605
TI  - [Fatal hemoptysis caused by spontaneous perforation via an atheromatous ulcer in
      thoracic aorta].

PMID- 3388606
TI  - [Thyroglossal duct cysts at the base of tongue].

PMID- 3388608
TI  - [Postgraduate anesthesiology training in Great Britain. Experience of a 16-month
      stay in Great Britain with residency in an anesthesiology department].

PMID- 3388607
TI  - [Infantile diarrhea in developing countries].

PMID- 3388609
TI  - [Breast reconstruction after mastectomy].

PMID- 3388610
TI  - [Non-traumatic rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure].

PMID- 3388611
TI  - [Postpartum idiopathic renal insufficiency].

PMID- 3388612
TI  - [Tetanus. 41 consecutive patients treated in Marselisborg Hospital 1971-1985 and
      a comparison with 83 previously published cases].

PMID- 3388613
TI  - [Pain in the hip and state of physical health before and after complete hip
      replacement assessed by means of a questionnaire study].

PMID- 3388614
TI  - [Screening for HIV antibodies in a Danish provincial region].

PMID- 3388615
TI  - [Distribution of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus among the
      venereological clientele in Copenhagen].

PMID- 3388616
TI  - [HIV screening in venereological clinics in the county of Arhus].

PMID- 3388618
TI  - [AIDS testing of pregnant women].

PMID- 3388617
TI  - [Venereological aspects of HIV infection. A review from the AIDS screening clinic
      in Marselisborg Hospital in Arhus].

PMID- 3388619
TI  - [A work group reviews the AIDS testing of selected groups].

PMID- 3388620
TI  - [A proposal for HIV test of all pregnant women in Norway].

PMID- 3388621
TI  - VariDyne--new standards in postoperative wound drainage.
AB  - Conventional wound drainage systems operate at the beginning of the drainage
      procedure with a unilateral pressure of -0.9 bar. The system becomes static in
      case of no or only little secretion per unit of time. The pressure which is then
      unphysiologically high influences the microcirculation of the wound edge. A
      dynamic source of low pressure, which can be adapted to the individual
      requirements by varying its pressure, is coming from America.

PMID- 3388622
TI  - [Periosteal bone resorption in the area of the metaphysis of growing bone as a
      precursor of epiphyseal injuries. A polarization optical and scanning electron
      microscopy study].
AB  - Macerated epiphyses of the growing infant bone exhibit an irregular surface which
      can already be observed at the macroscopic level. Polarizing microscopy
      demonstrates extended zones of bone resorption on the cortical surface,
      deductable from numerous lacunae of Howship. Ensuing experimentally induced
      epiphysiolyses, cortical bone fragments adhering to the inner surface of the
      periosteum are demonstrable by scanning electron microscopy. Having been torn out
      of the bone together with the periosteum, these cortical fragments leave
      corresponding defects on the bone surface. Due to the remodelling of the bone,
      involving the readjustment of the shape of the extremity, the attachment of the
      periosteum is relatively poor in the metaphyseal region of the growing bone. The
      influence of pathological forces can therefore easily cause a detaching of the
      periosteum in this region. The latter results in a significant weakening of the
      epiphyseal fastening in the zone between the epiphyseal plate and the metaphysis.
      The patterns of injury in the region of the growth plate are therefore
      essentially determined by the varying attachment of the periosteum to the
      metaphysis.

PMID- 3388623
TI  - [Ligaments of the wrist and their clinical significance].
AB  - The ligaments of the wrist joint were dissected on ten hands of corpses fixed
      with formalin. A two and a half magnifying lens was used during the dissection.
      The following structures could be discerned: a radial and an ulnar collateral
      ligament and the dorsal radiocarpal ligament, which are all capsular ligaments.
      Furthermore the intracapsular palmar group of ligaments, which could be divided
      into five different parts, and the intracarpal (interosseous) ligaments, which
      stabilize the bones of the proximal and distal carpal row. The exact knowledge of
      the anatomic standards and proportions in the wrist joint will be a fundamental
      step to improve the present treatment of the carpal instability.

PMID- 3388624
TI  - [Distal radius fractures--forms of fracture and injury pattern].
AB  - Fractures at the distal end of the radius are the most frequent fractures. There
      are still many therapeutical problems. The success of conservative or operative
      treatment depends mainly on the different types of fractures. In order of compare
      end results and to recommend therapy, it is necessary to define different
      fracture types, based on practical classification. A classification of fractures
      at the distal end of the radius is presented, with localization and reference to
      the extent of injury with consideration of lesions of the radiocarpal joint and
      indirectly to the distal radio ulnar joint. In the period of growth five types of
      injuries are differentiated. In adults three main groups, depending on the
      involvement of the radio-carpal joint are described. These are subdivided
      according to dislocation. The fractures types were classified by using X-rays of
      cases over a period of several years. With this classification the pattern of
      injury of 593 fractures of the distal end to the radius, treated in 1980 in our
      clinic, was analysed.

PMID- 3388625
TI  - [Treatment of rupture of the peripheral radio-ulnar joint with chronic
      dislocation or subluxation].
AB  - Some possible treatment methods in luxations and subluxations of the distal radio
      ulnar joint are discussed, especially in case of posttraumatically restricted
      pronation and supination of the forearm. An own method to treat these injuries is
      proposed which has been developed on the basis of former techniques. This method
      has proved very successful in two patients with extremely poor mobility values of
      the wrist joint in whom no measurable reduction of rough strength was observed.
      The further development of this method consists in a bone insertion between the
      peripheral ends of ulna and radius corresponding to the natural distance between
      both bones. Another new development is the resection of about 3 to 4 cm within
      the central third of the ulna.

PMID- 3388626
TI  - Effect of wearing gloves on the thermal balance of Korean women wet-suit divers
      in cold water.
AB  - Effect of wearing neoprene gloves on the thermal exchanges of wet-suited divers
      was studied in 8 Korean diving women. Subjects, clad with 5-6-mm-thick neoprene
      wet suits (jacket, pants, and boots) either with or without wearing 3-mm-thick
      neoprene gloves, were immersed for 3 h in water of critical temperature (17.3
      degrees +/- 0.8 degree C) while the rectal and skin (chest, leg, arm, and hand)
      temperatures and oxygen consumption were measured. Overall thermal insulation of
      the subject plus suit was calculated from the rectal-to-water temperature
      difference divided by the estimated rate of skin heat loss. The skin heat loss
      was assumed to equal metabolic heat production minus respiratory heat loss,
      corrected for changes in heat storage when mean body temperature changed. All
      measurements were carried out in a resting condition. During the 3rd h of
      immersion, the rectal temperature was lower with gloves (delta Tre = 0.30 degree
      +/- 0.04 degree C; P less than 0.05) whereas metabolic heat production was not
      significantly different. Consequently, the total thermal insulation was nearly
      16% lower with gloves than without gloves. In both the hands and forearms, the
      regional heat flux determined directly using a heat flux transducer was higher
      and the thermal insulation index was lower with gloves than without gloves. These
      results indicate that in wet-suited subjects resting in cold (17 degrees C) water
      gloves do not provide additional protection against heat loss, but rather
      decrease the efficiency of thermoregulatory mechanisms. We suggest that sensory
      input from cold receptors in the distal extremities is particularly important in
      thermoregulation during immersion in cold water.

PMID- 3388627
TI  - Respiratory and cardiovascular responses to cold stress following repeated cold
      water immersion.
AB  - The effects of cold acclimation (CA) on the cardiorespiratory responses to cold
      air and water stress tests (CST) were studied in 7 males before and after a CA
      program of daily 90-min cold water (18 degrees C) immersions repeated 5 times a
      wk for 5 consecutive wk. The CST consisted of a 90-min resting exposure to cold
      air (5 degrees C, 30% relative humidity) or water (18 degrees C) during which
      rectal temperature, oxygen consumption (VO2), carbon dioxide production (VCO2),
      minute ventilation (VE), heart rate, cardiac output (Q), and blood pressure (BP)
      were periodically measured. In cold air following CA, the VO2 at 10 min was lower
      (P less than 0.02) post- than pre-CA, however, no differences were found in cold
      water. The VE increased (P less than 0.01) during CST as a function of VCO2. The
      CA did not affect the VE-VCO2 relationship or the pattern of breathing during CST
      in cold air or water. The CA had no effect on Q or (a-v) O2 difference, which
      both increased (P less than 0.01) during the first 45 min of CST, then remained
      stable. BP increased significantly during the first cold water exposure, but not
      during the last cold water immersion. These data indicate that CA attenuated the
      onset of metabolic heat production during CST in air but did not alter its
      ultimate magnitude or the relationships between the cardiorespiratory variables
      and metabolic requirements. Also, the thermoregulatory adjustments associated
      with CA altered the control of blood pressure during acute cold stress.

PMID- 3388628
TI  - Bronchomotor response to cold air or helium-oxygen at normal and high ambient
      pressures.
AB  - Effects of inhalation of cold air or helium-oxygen mixture on lung resistance
      (RL) were studied in anesthetized and tracheotomized rabbits under normal ambient
      pressure and in human volunteers under normo- and hyperbaric conditions. In
      artificially ventilated rabbits, an increase in RL occurred when the tracheal
      temperature fell to 10 degrees C. This effect was more than double with helium
      breathing compared to air, despite a lower respiratory heat loss by convection
      (Hc) with helium. In 3 normal humans, inhalation of cold air (mouth temperature =
      8 degrees C) at sea level had no effect on RL value. However, with a helium
      nitrogen-oxygen mixture, a weak but significant increase in RL due to cold gas
      breathing was measured in 1 subject at 2 ATA and in 2 individuals at 3.5 ATA. The
      density of inhaled gas mixture (air or He-N2-O2) was near the same in the three
      circumstances (1, 2, and 3.5 ATA) but Hc value increased with helium. At 8 ATA a
      30-55% increase in RL occurred in the 3 divers during inhalation of cold gas (Hc
      was multiplied by 6 compared to air at sea level) and at 25 ATA the cold-induced
      bronchospasm ranged between 38 and 95% (Hc multiplied by 27). Thus, in rabbits
      and humans helium breathing enhanced the cold-induced increase in RL at normal or
      elevated ambient pressure, and this effect was interpreted as resulting from
      different mechanisms in the two circumstances.

PMID- 3388629
TI  - Ventilatory response to transient hypoxia in O2 divers.
AB  - This study addresses the question of whether repeated acute exposure to
      hyperbaric oxygen, such as encountered in O2 diving, affects the peripheral
      oxygen chemosensors. Groups of nondivers, active O2 divers, and ex-O2 divers, as
      well as active air scuba divers, were given 1 or both of 2 tests that measure the
      ventilatory response to transient hypoxia. Results showed that all groups of
      divers have a mean response similar to or higher than that of nondivers as well
      as that of normal subjects, as reported in the literature. A repeat test on 10
      diving candidates before and after 200 h of accrued O2 diving also did not show
      an impairment in the hypoxic ventilatory response. Oxygen diving within the
      established depth and time limits does not seem to cause cumulative damage to the
      peripheral O2 chemosensors.

PMID- 3388630
TI  - Vascular pressures and passage of gas emboli through the pulmonary circulation.
AB  - Anesthetized dogs received venous air infusions at 0.35 ml.kg-1.min-1. In 60% of
      a group of 15 dogs, venous bubbles spilled over into the arterial circulation and
      were detected with the ultrasound Doppler technique. The pulmonary vascular
      pressure gradient (pulmonary artery pressure-pulmonary venous pressure or left
      atrial pressure) measured at the instant that spillover occurred was 34.7 +/- 4.7
      mmHg. In a 2nd group of dogs we raised the pulmonary vascular pressure gradient
      before the venous air infusions to achieve spillover of bubbles 100% of the time.
      The resultant pressure gradient at the time of spillover of venous bubbles was
      52.0 +/- 2.0 mmHg (P less than 0.05). It is concluded that venous bubbles can
      cross the lungs of anesthetized dogs when the driving pressures are sufficient to
      overcome the normal filtering function.

PMID- 3388632
TI  - Neuropsychologic assessment of cerebral decompression sickness and gas embolism.
AB  - A battery of neuropsychologic tests was administered to individuals who had
      sustained CNS decompression sickness or arterial gas embolism. Testing was
      intended to assess the presence of residual cognitive impairment. Five clinical
      cases are presented in which information obtained through this testing played a
      determining role in the detection and treatment of residual cerebral dysfunction.
      Recovery of cerebral integrity was documented using the test battery. Even in the
      absence of clear signs from a standard neurologic examination, sufficient
      information was gathered by neuropsychologic testing to prompt recompression
      therapy. Temporary suppression of CNS symptoms by initial recompression was often
      observed, as documented by follow-up neurologic and neuropsychologic evaluations.
      Recovery of full cognitive functioning followed repeated hyperbaric treatments,
      suggesting that CNS insults may be more refractory to therapy than previously
      thought.

PMID- 3388631
TI  - Rat brain catecholamine release at 1, 10, 20, and 100 ATA heliox, nitrox, and
      trimix.
AB  - The pattern of neurotransmitter release in the rat caudate and hypothalamus was
      studied following exposure to pressure in combination with various gas mixtures.
      The caudate was selected for its control of extrapyramidal motor output. The
      hypothalamus was studied because of its involvement in autonomic responses. The
      neurotransmitters chosen for study were norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA).
      Change of neurotransmitter concentration from control values and neurotransmitter
      turnover rate were chosen as measures of neuronal activity in the selected brain
      regions. Exposure to 100 ATA heliox resulted in a significant (P less than 0.05)
      increase in hypothalamic DA concentrations; however, NE concentrations remained
      relatively unchanged. One hundred ATA heliox produced the opposite effect on
      caudate DA concentrations; these values dropped to 1% of chamber control values.
      High partial pressures of nitrogen as seen with 100 ATA trimix and 20 ATA nitrox
      resulted in significant decreases in both DA and NE concentrations (both P less
      than 0.05) in the hypothalamus. These same exposures also produced significant
      decreases in DA concentrations in the caudate (P less than 0.05). Regional
      (caudate vs. hypothalamus) changes in neurotransmitter release in response to
      different pressures and/or gas mixtures may offer explanations for the
      physiologic and neurologic changes observed during nitrogen narcosis and high
      pressure nervous syndrome.

PMID- 3388633
TI  - Renopleural fistula after percutaneous nephrolithotomy.
AB  - We present here a 42-year-old female who developed a renopleural fistula after a
      percutaneous nephrolithotomy through the 11th intercostal space of a calculus of
      the upper calyces of the right kidney. The fistula was resolved with a chest tube
      and a double-J ureteral catheter.

PMID- 3388634
TI  - Papillary adenoma of the bladder in a patient with intermittent self
      catheterization.
AB  - We report a case of papillary adenoma of the bladder. The patient had had
      intermittent self-catheterization for the previous 3 years. The tumors developed
      multiply and were identified on the trigone and posterior wall of the bladder.
      Dysplasia of the urothelium was associated in nontumorous areas. Transurethral
      resection of the tumors was performed. The tumor recurred 3 times for 3 years,
      but no malignant changes were identified.

PMID- 3388635
TI  - Congenital polyp of the prostatic urethra: report on 2 cases.
AB  - Congenital polyps of the prostatic urethra are an uncommon cause of obstructive
      uropathy, infection and/or hematuria in male children. A filling defect localized
      in the posterior urethra on the voiding cystourethrogram represents the peculiar
      diagnostic finding. Transurethral resection is the treatment of choice, according
      to the size of the polyp. Two cases of congenital posterior urethral polyps are
      reported and the main clinical and radiological features are discussed. This
      lesion has to be considered in the differential diagnosis of the voiding
      dysfunction in young boys.

PMID- 3388636
TI  - Complete duplication of male urethra. Two case reports.
AB  - Complete urethral duplication is a rare anomaly in boys. About 60 cases have been
      reported in the literature, of which approximately one-third were managed with a
      surgical procedure of total excision of the accessory urethra. Another third were
      managed by partial excision, and the rest were managed conservatively. Here 2
      cases are presented, and the surgical treatment is discussed.

PMID- 3388637
TI  - Huge pelvic fibromatosis encroaching on the urinary bladder. A case report.
AB  - A patient with a huge pelvic fibromatosis, a form of intra-abdominal desmoid,
      encroaching on the urinary bladder is described. Because of its rarity, there is
      frequently a lack of diagnostic awareness of this tumor, particularly in the
      gynecological or urological patient. Although this tumor is a locally invasive
      benign tumor which dose not metastasize, management by radical tumor excision
      without the sacrifice of the major pelvic nerves and vessels is mandatory, since
      this tumor has generally a high postsurgical recurrence rate.

PMID- 3388638
TI  - Sensitivity of 131I-hippuran diuresis renography and pressure flow study
      (Whitaker test) in upper urinary tract obstruction.
AB  - Diuresis renography and pressure flow studies were performed in 14 patients with
      unilateral hydronephrosis. Based upon the results of intravenous pyelography,
      typical symptomatology, and the outcome of surgical treatment, all patients were
      found to have upper urinary tract obstruction. It was therefore possible to
      calculate the sensitivity of the two tests. Obstruction was found at the pressure
      flow studies in 7 of 14 patients (50%), while an obstructive pattern was found at
      diuresis renography in 12 of 13 patients (92%). Due to a very low glomerular
      filtration rate, diuresis renography was equivocal in 1 case. Based upon these
      results, diuresis renography seems to be superior to pressure flow studies in
      cases with upper urinary tract obstruction.

PMID- 3388639
TI  - Acute acid load in recurrent oxalate stone formers.
AB  - An acute acid load was used to evaluate potential chemical differences of urinary
      composition in recurrent oxalate stone formers and healthy controls. After intake
      of ammonium chloride, total calcium, ionized calcium and magnesium increased and
      citrate decreased significantly in both groups. Differences between stone formers
      and controls could be demonstrated from the excretion of total calcium, citrate,
      oxalate and uric acid only after acute acid load, whereas ionized calcium did not
      improve discrimination. These findings support the stone-promoting role of high
      acid food as well as the possibility of discriminating recurrent oxalate stone
      formers from controls by an acute acid-loading test.

PMID- 3388640
TI  - Granulomatous prostatitis.
AB  - Twenty cases of granulomatous prostatitis are presented. They were identified,
      histologically or cytologically, among 1,316 patients with prostatic pathology at
      the General Hospital of Asturias during a period of 3 years (Jan. 1984 to Dec.
      1986). The etiology, histogenesis, clinical and morphological aspects, treatment
      and prognosis of the different types of granulomatous prostatitis, according to a
      classification by the authors, are discussed. The significance of the
      differentiation of granulomatous prostatitis from carcinoma is discussed. Fine
      needle aspiration cytology (Franzen) is recommended as the diagnostic method of
      choice.

PMID- 3388641
TI  - [The role of puncture biopsy of the prostate gland in patients with tuberculosis
      of the organs of the urogenital system].

PMID- 3388642
TI  - [Primary sclerosis of the cervix of the urinary bladder].

PMID- 3388643
TI  - [Diagnostic value of methods of preoperative evaluation of the function of the
      kidney in coralliform nephrolithiasis].

PMID- 3388645
TI  - [Clinico-immunologic correlations in pyelonephritis in children].

PMID- 3388646
TI  - [Evaluation of the litholytic efficacy of chromatographic fractions of drugs
      dissolving deposits of phosphates in the urinary tract in vitro].

PMID- 3388644
TI  - [Pharmaco-renographic evaluation of the state of the renal blood circulation in
      nephrolithiasis].

PMID- 3388647
TI  - [A.P. Frumkin's operation for cancer of the urinary bladder].

PMID- 3388648
TI  - [Study of individual problems of the operative treatment of adenomas of the
      prostatic gland using the methods of mathematical statistics].

PMID- 3388649
TI  - [Experience with the treatment of 1000 patients with strictures of the urethra].

PMID- 3388650
TI  - [Experience with the treatment of 1000 patients with urethral strictures].

PMID- 3388651
TI  - [Restoration of the posterior urethra after its total destruction].

PMID- 3388652
TI  - [Surgical complications of urological operations in children].

PMID- 3388653
TI  - [Spermatozoal granuloma as a possible cause of hydrocele].

PMID- 3388654
TI  - Two-stage technique for implantation of inflatable penile prosthesis in pelvic
      cancer surgery.
AB  - A two-stage technique for implantation of an inflatable penile prosthesis has
      been developed for patients undergoing radical pelvic cancer surgery. Over the
      past five years, this method has been utilized in 147 men undergoing radical
      cystectomies or prostatectomies. The technique involves implanting the reservoir
      and pump of the prosthesis at the time of the radical cancer operation when the
      lateral neurovascular bundles of erection are being sacrificed. The reservoir and
      pump are permanently connected, and the cylinder tubings from the pump are
      temporarily connected and placed in the subcutaneous tissue overlying the pubis.
      During a second procedure, usually six to twelve weeks later, the cylinders are
      implanted infrapubically and connected to the easily located pump tubing. The
      advantages are several. (1) The pump and reservoir are easily implanted during
      the pelvic surgery while importantly not adding significantly to the operative
      time or morbidity of the primary procedure. (2) The reservoir is easily
      positioned in the pelvis. (3) The scrotum with its contained pump already will be
      healed when the entire prosthesis is connected, bypassing the initial scrotal
      pain and edema. (4) Psychologically the patients feel relieved that their
      erectile dysfunction is being treated immediately. This two-stage technique
      appears to maximize the gain of early and easy implantation while minimizing the
      potential problems of concomitant surgery.

PMID- 3388655
TI  - Importance of early treatment of transitional cell carcinoma of prostatic ducts.
AB  - Twenty-three men who underwent radical cystoprostatectomy between March 1, 1983,
      and October 1, 1986, were found to have not only multifocal carcinoma in situ
      (CIS) of the bladder but also transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the prostatic
      ducts. In 18 patients TCC was limited to the epithelium lining the prostatic
      ducts (CIS of prostatic ducts), but in 5 patients TCC also invaded the prostatic
      stroma (invasive TCC of prostatic ducts). During follow-up (mean, 26 months), in
      2 of the 18 patients (11%) with CIS of the prostatic ducts metastases developed.
      By comparison, metastatic TCC developed in 5 of 5 patients (100%) who had
      invasion into the prostatic stroma. Evidence indicates that patients with
      multifocal CIS of the bladder should be evaluated very closely for the presence
      of TCC of the prostatic ducts. When TCC is present in the ducts, radical
      cystoprostatectomy is necessary to control this lesion before it progresses to
      invasion. When invasion has occurred, however, radical cystoprostatectomy alone
      is not sufficient therapy. Since metastatic TCC develops in 100 percent of these
      patients, we believe that chemotherapy (either adjuvant or neoadjuvant) should be
      used in addition to radical cystoprostatectomy.

PMID- 3388657
TI  - Creatinine kinase concentrations and electrocardiographic changes in
      extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy.
AB  - A total of 114 consecutive patients undergoing extracorporeal shock-wave
      lithotripsy had serial creatinine kinase (CK) with isoenzymes and serial
      electrocardiograms (ECG). There were significant changes in both heart rate and
      CK post-lithotripsy. However, this did not appear to be due to elevation of the
      myocardial component of CK. While there were some random ECG changes pre- and
      post-lithotripsy, none appeared to be directly related to the procedure.

PMID- 3388656
TI  - Skin reactions to urine in patients with interstitial cystitis.
AB  - Eight of 11 patients with interstitial cystitis had positive skin reactions to
      patch tests with urine (delayed type IV or irritant reactions). The positive
      reactions were seen to tests with the patients' own urine, but also, although
      less frequently, to tests with foreign urine as well. Immediate reactions (type I
      reactions; prick tests, scratch patch tests, and 20-minute patch tests) were not
      observed. The clinical morphology and the histology of the positive patch tests
      suggest a toxic rather than an allergic reaction, although the latter could not
      be totally excluded. The positive skin reactions may be relevant in the
      pathogenesis of interstitial cystitis suggesting a mucosal hyperreactivity to
      some component of urine.

PMID- 3388658
TI  - Recurrence of papilloma of renal pelvis on ureteral stump thirty years after
      nephrectomy.
AB  - Papillomas of the upper urinary tract may be multiple, developing either
      simultaneously or at various times. Recurrence may occur many years after
      surgical treatment, even after thirty years, as in the case we report.

PMID- 3388660
TI  - Suprapubic cystostomy using Lowsley retractor.

PMID- 3388659
TI  - Renal cell carcinoma with solitary contralateral adrenal metastasis.
AB  - We report on 2 cases of renal cell carcinoma with solitary contralateral adrenal
      metastasis which was demonstrated six months and one year, respectively, after
      radical nephrectomy. Pulmonary metastases developed six months after
      adrenalectomy in 1 patient; the other patient is alive without any evidence of
      disease twenty-two months after adrenalectomy.

PMID- 3388661
TI  - Uroradiometric catheter for marking ureteral calculi during extracorporeal shock
      wave lithotripsy.

PMID- 3388662
TI  - Muscle-invasive bladder cancer: does it arise de novo or from pre-existing
      superficial disease?
AB  - This study examines the clinical and pathologic features of 20 consecutive
      patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer diagnosed between January 1, 1983,
      and December 31, 1984, at The Mount Sinai Hospital. On retrospective analysis, 18
      patients (90%) had muscle-invasive bladder cancer at their initial presentation.
      The interval between onset of symptoms and histologic documentation of cancer was
      less than two months in 14 cases (78%), and in the remaining 22 per cent, the
      intervals of six, six, twelve, and twenty-four months were attributable to delay
      in seeking medical attention or delay in biopsy. In contrast, in the 2 patients
      who had presented with superficial tumors, the intervals were thirteen and one
      hundred eighty months. It therefore appeared that most patients with invasive
      bladder cancer had no therapeutically significant prior clinical or symptomatic
      history of superficial disease, and that invasion either was already present when
      symptoms had begun, or occurred rapidly after symptoms had initially appeared.
      These findings confirm the broad applicability of this pattern of bladder cancer
      in the general population, thereby complementing similar findings reported in
      recent years by secondary referral centers.

PMID- 3388663
TI  - Evaluation of first 406 patients in urology department based Center for Male
      Sexual Dysfunction.
AB  - Four hundred six patients with a complaint of erectile dysfunction were evaluated
      in a urology department based Male Sexual Dysfunction Center. Results of physical
      examination, medical and psychosexual history, nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT),
      penile blood pressure, visual sexual stimulation, hormonal screen, and partner
      interview were used in establishing the final diagnosis. A summary of the final
      diagnoses is as follows: organic impotence 117 (28.8%), psychogenic impotence 161
      (39.7%), combined factors 102 (25.1%), and dysfunction of unknown origin 26
      (6.4%). Data analysis confirms that to establish a diagnosis of organic erectile
      failure multiple objective measurements in combination with patient and partner
      history are necessary.

PMID- 3388664
TI  - Computed tomography diagnosis of traumatic rupture of congenital hydronephrotic
      renal pelvis.
AB  - Computed tomography (CT) permitted preoperative diagnosis of traumatic rupture of
      a congenital hydronephrotic renal pelvis. In cases in which renal pelvic rupture
      is suspected CT may obviate traditional cystoscopy and retrograde pyelography.

PMID- 3388665
TI  - Pad-weighing test performed with standardized bladder volume.
AB  - The result of the one-hour pad-weighing test proposed by the International
      Continence Society has been demonstrated to depend on the urine load during the
      test. To increase reproducibility of the pad-weighing test by minimizing the
      influence of variation in urine load the test was done with a standardized
      bladder volume (50% of the cystometric bladder capacity). Twenty-five female
      patients with stress or mixed incontinence underwent two separate tests. Test
      retest results were highly correlated (r = 0.97, p less than 0.001). Nonetheless,
      analysis of test-retest differences revealed a variation up to +/- 24 g between
      two tests. It is concluded that this setup (i.e., standardized bladder volume) of
      the one-hour pad-weighing test allows for a more reliable assessment of urinary
      incontinence for quantitative purposes.

PMID- 3388666
TI  - [The methodological basis of expert evaluation of work capacity in allergic
      diseases of the upper respiratory tract of occupational etiology].

PMID- 3388668
TI  - [Effect of laser therapy on the local synthesis of class A immunoglobulin in
      children with acute and chronic maxillary sinusitis].

PMID- 3388669
TI  - [Characteristics of acupuncture reflexotherapy in vasomotor and allergic rhinitis
      in children].

PMID- 3388667
TI  - [The status of vitamin B 6 metabolism in patients with vasomotor rhinitis after
      cryotherapy followed by pyridoxine therapy].

PMID- 3388670
TI  - [Immunoglobulins in serum and nasal discharge after ultrasonic ethmoidotomy
      combined with intracavitary magnetotherapy of patients with chronic polypous
      ethmoiditis].

PMID- 3388671
TI  - [Evaluation of the paired function of the otolithic membrane in healthy men
      tested on parallel swings].

PMID- 3388673
TI  - [Hearing disorders after diuretic use and their prevention].

PMID- 3388672
TI  - [Chronic carriers of tracheal cannulas and the problems of decannulation in
      childhood].

PMID- 3388674
TI  - [Analysis of base EEG in workers exposed to occupational noise].

PMID- 3388675
TI  - [Phytolysin in the complex treatment of patients with chronic suppurative otitis
      media].

PMID- 3388676
TI  - [Stereoscopic imaging in the educational process and in clinical practice].

PMID- 3388677
TI  - [Audiological diagnosis of rarely occurring pathological conditions of the ear
      ossicles].

PMID- 3388678
TI  - [A case of multiple primary tumors of the larynx, thyroid and parathyroid
      glands].

PMID- 3388679
TI  - [Use of polymer materials in reconstructive operations on the larynx in bilateral
      paralysis of the recurrent nerves].

PMID- 3388680
TI  - [Lymphangioma of the neck].

PMID- 3388681
TI  - [Removal of a foreign body from soft tissue of the neck].

PMID- 3388682
TI  - [Experience with the treatment of sinusitis in childhood].

PMID- 3388683
TI  - [Modification of the cannula for the frontal sinus].

PMID- 3388684
TI  - [A rare case of chemical burn of the ear].

PMID- 3388685
TI  - [Subcutaneous injury of the common carotid artery].

PMID- 3388686
TI  - [Use of complex methods of sorption therapy in otorhinolaryngology].

PMID- 3388688
TI  - [Use of the methods of sorption detoxication in the treatment of
      otorhinolaryngological patients with chronic alcoholism].

PMID- 3388687
TI  - [Use of low-intensity laser irradiation after rhinosurgical interventions].

PMID- 3388689
TI  - [The treatment of snoring].

PMID- 3388691
TI  - [Prevention of complications after external drainage of the bile ducts].

PMID- 3388690
TI  - [Value of the leukocyte index of intoxication in the prognosis and diagnosis of
      suppurative complications after intra-abdominal interventions].
AB  - Based on an investigation of changes of the leukocyte index of intoxication in 98
      patients with different purulent complications after intraabdominal operative
      interventions the author shows the dependence of its changes on the character and
      degree of postoperative purulent complications as well as their possible
      prognosis with the help of this index.

PMID- 3388692
TI  - [Autoplasma as a basis of the transfusion program in surgical interventions with
      artificial circulation].
AB  - A clinico-laboratory examination of 17 cardiosurgical patients was performed. All
      the patients had been subjected to operations under conditions of artificial
      circulation with the native autoplasm perfusate. Positive effect of
      plasmapheresis was noted in patients with a pronounced disturbance of blood
      circulation. The applied method of transfusiological maintenance of
      cardiosurgical operations makes them cheaper and reduces risk of the appearance
      of infectious diseases and causes less pronounced changes of parameters of
      humoral immunity.

PMID- 3388693
TI  - [Plasmapheresis in the complex treatment of nonspecific ulcerative colitis].
AB  - An experience with using the apparatus plasmacytapheresis in 16 patients with
      nonspecific ulcer colitis has revealed its high effectiveness mainly in patients
      with mild and middle-severity forms of the disease. Convincing data were obtained
      on the improvement of clinical, biochemical and immunological processes. The
      method can be used in ambulatory conditions for supporting therapy of the
      patients.

PMID- 3388694
TI  - [Splenectomy in a patient with hemophilia].

PMID- 3388695
TI  - [Mechanism of the development of epidural analgesia using opiates and
      anesthetics].
AB  - A special model was used in order to investigate the morphine and dikain
      permeability of dura mater (DM) in 33 people after sudden death at the age of
      from 20 to 79. The morphine permeability of spinal DM was found to be 20.5%
      greater than that of the root DM, while the dikain permeability was 28.5% greater
      irrespective of the age. The quantitative evaluation of perineural diffusion of
      morphine and dikain is first given along the pathway of dorsal and ventral roots.
      A conclusion was made that the perineural pathway of spread of opiates and local
      anesthetics is of great significance in the mechanism of development of this kind
      of anesthesia.

PMID- 3388696
TI  - [Preoperative preparation of patients with thyrotoxicosis].
AB  - Transfusion of UV-irradiated autoblood in the complex preoperative preparation of
      patients with different degrees of thyrotoxicosis facilitates normalization of
      the protein-forming function of the liver, decreases concentration of thyroid
      hormones, stimulates erythropoiesis and is an effective means of preoperative
      preparation and complex treatment of patients with thyrotoxicosis.

PMID- 3388697
TI  - [Treatment of acute hepatic insufficiency in mechanical jaundice and suppurative
      cholangitis].

PMID- 3388699
TI  - [A method of surgical treatment of habitual dislocation of the patella].

PMID- 3388698
TI  - [Natural killer activity and sensitization of the lymphocytes to tissue antigens
      in lung cancer].
AB  - A decreased natural killer activity was observed in patients with lung cancer as
      the disease progressed. Surgical intervention results in its elevation at the
      IIId stage, while the application of cytostatics or irradiation are efficient at
      the IIId and IInd stages. Pronounced sensibilization of the peripheral blood
      lymphocytes in cancer patients to normal and cancer tissue antigens was
      demonstrated with the help of the leukocyte adhesion inhibition test.

PMID- 3388702
TI  - [Immediate results of gastrectomy in cancer of the stomach].
AB  - Based upon an analysis of results of gastrectomies in 463 patients with gastric
      cancer the authors discuss problems of diagnostics, indications for operation,
      preoperative management, operation technique and postoperative therapy. During
      the period of from 1967 to 1986 postoperative lethality was reduced from 13.1 to
      4.1%.

PMID- 3388701
TI  - [Treatment of complicated forms of paronychia by using the electrophoresis of
      anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial preparations].
AB  - The work presents an analysis of treatment of patients with complicated forms of
      panaritium. To increase the efficiency of treatment the authors used certain
      physical factors, in particular, direct electric current--interstitial
      (intracavitary) electrophoresis of antimicrobial and antiinflammatory agents in
      complex therapy. The investigation of results of the treatment shows sufficiently
      high efficiency of the interstitial (intracavitary) electrophoresis. The time of
      treatment of patients with complicated forms of panaritium became 2 times
      shorter.

PMID- 3388700
TI  - [Current aspects of the treatment of post-injection phlegmons].
AB  - The work presents results of treatment of 1019 patients aged from 20 to 89 with
      postinjectional phlegmons. Operations were made on 1003 patients. Main causes of
      the appearance of the disease, choice of anesthesia and modern methods of
      treatment are discussed. The application of drugs of a composite effect in
      addition to early operation, the ultrasonic treatment of the purulent cavity,
      vacuum drainage followed by early secondary sutures make the terms of treatment
      of patients with postinjectional phlegmons shorter.

PMID- 3388703
TI  - [Correction of hemodynamics after peritoneoatrial shunt in liver cirrhosis with
      resistant ascites].
AB  - Complex examination of hemodynamics was performed in 26 patients with cirrhosis
      of the liver with portal hypertension after operation of peritoneoatrial shunt
      using the methods of integral rheography, probing of heart cavities and pulmonary
      artery. Clinical results of the operations were analyzed. A conclusion was made
      of the absence of substantial alterations of gas exchange and hemodynamics of the
      lesser circulation. The alteration of the colloido-oncotic properties of blood
      are thought to be the leading factor in pathogenesis of the appearance of
      postoperative cardiopulmonary complications.

PMID- 3388704
TI  - [Endoscopic papillotomy in diseases of the extrahepatic bile ducts and major
      duodenal papilla].
AB  - An experience with using this operation in 500 patients aged from 22 to 90 is
      described. The authors suppose that endoscopic papillotomy in the majority of
      patients may be the method of treatment not requiring any additional curative
      measures. The application of not typical methods of operation makes the
      possibilities of endoscopic papillotomy wider in obstructive lesions of the major
      duodenal papilla.

PMID- 3388705
TI  - [Prognostic index in cancer of the thyroid gland].
AB  - A retrospective investigation of 92 patients operated upon for thyroid carcinoma
      was performed with the help of a prognostic index. The prognostic index built on
      the basis of multifactorial analysis allows to form risk groups and to detect
      five-year survival.

PMID- 3388706
TI  - [The use of endovascular laser irradiation of the blood in the complex treatment
      of acute pancreatitis and peritonitis in experimental and clinical conditions].
AB  - Experimental (118 experiments) and clinical (30 patients) investigations have
      shown a positive effect of endovascular irradiation of blood with the helium-neon
      and ultraviolet lasers on recovery of homeostasis in pancreatitis and
      peritonitis. The procedure stimulates the erythrocyte bioenergetics, reduces the
      degree of haemic hypoxia and increases nonspecific immunological reactivity.

PMID- 3388707
TI  - [The functional properties of thrombocytes in patients with suppurative
      peritonitis].
AB  - An examination of 49 patients with local and diffuse purulent peritonitis at
      different stages of surgical treatment has shown that the pyodestructive process
      in the abdominal cavity develops against the background of thrombocytosis,
      thrombocyte destruction, their decreased energy resources and tendency to
      retarded and irreversible aggregation. To correct the disturbed aggregation
      properties of thrombocytes the HBO and intraaortal infusions of antiaggregants
      and vasoactive drugs may be used.

PMID- 3388708
TI  - [Characteristics of peritonitis in cancer of the gastrointestinal tract].
AB  - Under analysis was material of treatment of 63 patients with gastric and colonic
      cancer complicated by acute peritonitis. An atypical asymptomatic course of the
      subreactive and a reactive forms of peritonitis is associated with pronounced
      inhibition of factors of antiinfection defense in elderly patients with the III
      IV degrees of cancer. Complex stimulating therapy is indicated in the
      postoperative period because of immunodepression taking place after urgent
      operative interventions.

PMID- 3388709
TI  - [Operative interventions on the urinary tract in combined surgical treatment of
      cancer of the rectum and sigmoid].
AB  - Immediate and long-term results of 28 combined operations for carcinoma of the
      distal part of the colon with resection of different portions of the urinary
      system are thought by the authors to justify such interventions even in a real
      spread of tumour to the adjacent organs. A wider range of resectability does not
      exert a negative effect on immediate and long-term results of the surgery.
      Complications due to a wider volume of surgery are noted rarely and never result
      in lethal outcomes. The incidence of recurrences and metastases in the group of
      patients subjected to combined operations is the same as compared with typical
      interventions.

PMID- 3388711
TI  - [Aberrant pancreas in the gastric wall associated with carcinoid tumor of the
      small intestine].

PMID- 3388710
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of biologically active and regular
      drainage in the prevention of disorders of wound healing].
AB  - An analysis of clinical material on 35 patients with pyo-inflammatory processes
      in soft tissues is presented which were treated using biologically active drains.
      The cytological and cytochemical investigations have shown that draining
      properties of the biologically active drains are much better than those of the
      chlorvinyl and silicon drains.

PMID- 3388712
TI  - [Total phlegmon of the small intestine complicated by diffuse suppurative
      peritonitis].

PMID- 3388713
TI  - [Diffuse eosinophilic fasciitis in sportsmen].

PMID- 3388714
TI  - [The unified interdisciplinary classification of closed cranio-cerebral trauma].
AB  - The article gives an account of the classification of cranio-cerebral traumas
      recommended by the IIIrd All-Union Congress of Neurosurgeons. Main clinical forms
      of cranio-cerebral traumas are described: concussion of the brain, contusion of
      the brain of light, mild and critical degree, compression of the brain against
      the background of its contusion and without it. A uniform gradation of disturbed
      consciousness and criteria for the assessment of the patient's state are
      presented.

PMID- 3388715
TI  - [The contractile function of the myocardium in patients with ischemic heart
      disease after the mammary-coronary artery shunting].
AB  - Under investigation there were 91 patients subjected to operations of mammary
      coronary shunts with putting end-to-end anastomoses between the left internal
      thoracic artery and the anterior interventricular artery. Control examinations
      were performed within the terms from 3 weeks to 7 years. The patency of the shunt
      was established in 85 of 91 patients. The author considers that the function of
      the left ventricle myocardium was considerably improved in patients with passable
      shunts (the patients after myocardium infarction).

PMID- 3388716
TI  - [Gas-chromatographic laparocentesis in the diagnosis of closed injuries of hollow
      abdominal organs].
AB  - A principally new method of diagnostics of closed injuries of hollow organs of
      the abdomen was used in clinical practice in 36 patients. It consists in
      performing laparocentesis in combination with gas chromatography. The technique,
      indications and contraindications to gas chromatographic laparocentesis as a
      method of diagnostics of such injuries are described.

PMID- 3388717
TI  - [Prevention and treatment of pneumonia in infectious complications of trauma].
AB  - Based on the examination and treatment of 79 patients with traumas the authors
      consider ventilation exercises to be necessary for prevention of pneumonia.

PMID- 3388718
TI  - [The use of charcoal sorbents as the drainage materials in the treatment of
      suppurative diseases of the mandibulofacial region in children].
AB  - An experience with the treatment of 56 children with pyo-inflammatory diseases
      has shown that the local application of carbohydrate adsorbents increases the
      adsorption of metabolism products and accelerates the phase of cleaning of the
      purulent wound, reduces the toxic influence on the child's organism which
      ultimately results in shortening the time of staying at the hospital.

PMID- 3388719
TI  - [Abscessed omentitis in children].
AB  - Abscessing omentitis was diagnozed in 0.02% of children operated upon for
      destructive appendicitis. The most probable causes of the abscesses were
      resection of its inflammatory portion not within the limits of healthy tissues,
      and not performing a resection of the inflamed omentum during appendectomy. The
      preoperative diagnostics proves to be difficult. All the patients were subjected
      to resection of the omentum with the abscess within the limits of healthy
      tissues. All the patients recovered.

PMID- 3388720
TI  - [Traumatic dislocation of the radius head in children].
AB  - The author describes the clinical picture of dislocation of the radial bone head
      depending on the side of dislocation in 18 children aged from 3 to 14 years.
      Closed setting was performed in 11 patients, in 7 patients open setting was used,
      the proposed method being used in 2 of them. The technique of the setting is
      described in detail.

PMID- 3388721
TI  - [Correction of congenital heart defect in dextrocardia and complete situs
      inversus of the abdominal organs].

PMID- 3388722
TI  - [Echinococcosis of the spleen in a child].

PMID- 3388723
TI  - [Cystic lymphangioma of the greater omentum simulating ascites in a child].

PMID- 3388724
TI  - [The rehabilitation of patients with trophic ulcers of the legs in a polyclinic].
AB  - The author's experience with observation of 200 patients shows that complex
      treatment of trophic ulcers of lower extremities under conditions of polyclinic
      including zinc-gelatin bandage and phlebectomy, facilitates better use of
      hospital beds, increases their effectiveness and is of economic and social
      significance because of the total dispensary examination of population.

PMID- 3388725
TI  - [Errors in the diagnosis of traumatic diaphragmatic hernia in closed thoracic
      injuries].
AB  - An analysis of 48 patients with traumatic hernias of the diaphragm is given. The
      authors consider in detail their errors in diagnosis in acute period of trauma
      and later. Recommendations are given for the prevention of late erroneous
      diagnosis of diaphragm hernias.

PMID- 3388726
TI  - Anticoccidial evaluation of halofuginone, lasalocid, maduramicin, monensin and
      salinomycin.
AB  - The activities of five anticoccidials were compared against Eimeria species in/of
      chickens, in controlled in vivo and in vitro laboratory studies. Two more recent
      and potent market entries (maduramicin and halofuginone) were compared with three
      older polyether antibiotic anticoccidials (monensin, lasalocid and salinomycin).
      Halofuginone, lasalocid, maduramicin, monensin and salinomycin were evaluated at
      3, 125, 5, 120 and 66 ppm, respectively, of active drug in the diets. At these
      levels, all five drugs demonstrated significant activity against Eimeria tenella,
      E. maxima, E. necatrix, E. brunetti and E. acervulina (in vivo). Monensin was
      least effective against E. tenella, and one of the lesser efficacious drugs
      against E. necatrix, maduramicin, was least effective against E. maxima. In
      studies of single Eimeria species infections, comparable weight gains were noted
      for the drugs. In the mixed Eimeria species infections, however, birds treated
      with maduramicin had significantly higher weight gains than did birds medicated
      with monensin. Unlike in vivo potencies, titration in vitro indicated that
      monensin was most potent (active at 10(-6) mcg ml-1), and maduramicin and
      lasalocid least potent (inactive at less than or equal to 10(-3) mcg ml-1).

PMID- 3388727
TI  - Arrested development of gastrointestinal trichostrongylids in goats in Nigeria.
AB  - Arrested development of Haemonchus, Cooperia and Trichostrongylus spp. was
      studied in (1) 14 naturally infected and eight experimentally infected West
      African Dwarf (WAD) goats reared in the derived savanna zone of eastern Nigeria
      and (2) 55 naturally infected slaughter goats obtained from the savanna and sahel
      regions of northern Nigeria. Six of the WAD goats carried natural infections of
      H. contortus and T. colubriformis and eight other (tracer) goats acquired their
      infections from a grass paddock artificially contaminated with H. placei, C.
      pectinata and C. punctata, during May to October. Another three WAD goats were
      artificially infected with mixed cultures of L3 of the latter three nematodes,
      while five goats were inoculated with 1500-2000 L3 of H. contortus harvested from
      cultures incubated at 25-30 degrees C for 8 days either in the dark or under
      normal laboratory conditions. Approximately 41% (9/22) of the infected WAD goats
      harboured arrested larvae of Haemonchus and/or Cooperia. No arrested larvae of
      Trichostrongylus were found in the six animals that were infected with this
      nematode. The level of inhibition varied from 0.4 to 20% and only three animals
      showed greater than 10% inhibition. This very low level of inhibition occurred in
      naturally and experimentally acquired infections, irrespective of the time of
      year. In the case of Haemonchus, the species and strain of the parasite and
      infection with L3 cultured in the dark also appeared not to influence the level
      of inhibition. By contrast, 65.5% (36/55) and 5.5% (3/55) of the northern savanna
      and sahel goats harboured arrested larvae of H. contortus and T. colubriformis,
      respectively. The mean percentage inhibition of the former was low (2-25%) during
      most of the rainy season (June-August) and high (75-90%) during the late rains
      and the dry season (October-April). The lowest and highest mean percentage
      inhibitions occurred during July and November, respectively.

PMID- 3388728
TI  - Experimental infections with coccidiosis and serum antibody quantitation in two
      breeds of goats.
AB  - Two goat breeds, Anglonubian and Saanen were obtained at an early age and reared
      coccidia-free until they were 1 month old. They were then infected with 200,000
      sporulated oocysts comprising mainly Eimeria christenseni (49%), E. apsheronica
      (29%) and lesser proportions of E. arloingi, E. hirci, E. ninakohlyakimovae and
      E. alijevi. Following patency, the number of faecal oocysts per gram were
      determined for each animal and body weights taken weekly. An ELISA was developed
      to assay antibody titres in pre- and post-infection sera of each individual kid.
      Cleaned unsporulated oocysts were sonified and the resulting soluble antigen
      used. Anglonubians shed significantly more oocysts daily (P less than 0.01) and
      also suffered greater retardation in growth. Initially both breeds had very
      similar growth rates, however post-infection weekly body weight gain among the
      Anglonubians was on average 1100 g compared to 1300 g for the Saanens. Antibody
      titres post-infection increased significantly among the Saanens (P less than
      0.01) and also all but one among the Anglonubians recorded an increase in
      antibody titres. Unsuckled kid serum was devoid of any antibody activity.

PMID- 3388729
TI  - Relative contributions of late dry-season and early rains pasture contaminations
      with trichostrongyle eggs to the wet-season herbage infestation in eastern
      Nigeria.
AB  - Two worm-free grass paddocks, P1 and P2, were artificially contaminated in March
      and April-May, respectively, with bovine faeces containing known numbers of
      trichostrongyle (mainly Cooperia, Haemonchus and Trichostrongylus spp.) eggs in
      order to determine the relative contributions of late dry-season and early rains
      pasture contaminations to the wet-season herbage larval infestation in Nsukka,
      eastern Nigeria. The resulting herbage infestation was assessed by means of
      larval counts and tracer studies. A sudden rise in herbage infestation occurred
      simultaneously in both paddocks in late April, this apparently being determined
      by the onset of the first substantial rainfall of the wet season. Peak
      infestations in both paddocks also occurred simultaneously in May. The
      infestation in P1 was much larger, and the larval population persisted longer,
      than that in P2 and later gave rise to a second smaller peak in June. No L3 were
      recovered in herbage samples from either of the paddocks after the third week of
      July. Both paddocks were infective to goats in May-June, while P2 was also
      infective in July-August. The results suggest that in the Nigerian derived
      savanna the initial wet-season herbage infestation in pastures grazed by infected
      cattle during the dry and wet seasons will consist of L3 from late dry-season and
      early rains pasture contaminations, the former being the major contributor to the
      infestation. Consequently, pastures contaminated during the late dry season may
      not be safe for susceptible animals to graze at the start of the succeeding rainy
      season.

PMID- 3388730
TI  - Feed intake of grazing calves exposed to trichostrongyle infection and treated
      with the morantel sustained release bolus.
AB  - Herbage intake was measured in two groups of 20 first-year grazing cattle. The
      animals in one group each received a morantel sustained release bolus at turnout
      to control nematode parasitism and the animals in the other group remained
      untreated. The latter group showed a mean peak faecal egg count of 655 eggs per
      gram (e.p.g.) in October associated with high serum pepsinogen concentration and
      clinical signs of ostertagiasis, compared with a peak of 119 e.p.g. in the
      treated group which remained in good health. In September the daily voluntary
      feed intake of the untreated animals was significantly depressed (94 g kg-1 body
      weight vs. 77 g kg-1 P less than 0.001), but no difference in digestive
      efficiency was recorded between the two groups. This difference in feed intake
      was associated with a 47 kg mean live weight advantage of the treated animals at
      housing.

PMID- 3388731
TI  - Effect of irradiated Ascaridia galli eggs on growth and cell-mediated immune
      responses in chickens.
AB  - Growth and cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses were studied in 7-day-old chicks
      given orally 1000 irradiated (12.5 kR) or normal infective eggs of Ascaridia
      galli. Chicks immunised with irradiated eggs showed normal weight gains. CMI
      responses, as assessed by dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB)-induced contact and delayed
      hypersensitivity reactions, were enhanced in the immunised group as compared with
      healthy controls, suggesting stimulation of CMI responses due to irradiation of
      A. galli eggs. CMI as well as growth responses were, however, found to be
      depressed in the birds administered normal infective eggs of A. galli. The
      present study highlights the role of the CMI response in protection against A.
      galli infection.

PMID- 3388732
TI  - Further studies on the development and availability of infective larvae of bovine
      gastrointestinal trichostrongylids on pasture in eastern Nigeria.
AB  - The dynamics of pasture populations of infective larvae (L3) of Cooperia,
      Haemonchus and Trichostrongylus species were studied at Nsukka, eastern Nigeria,
      during April to November 1984. Six paddocks were contaminated artificially and
      one was contaminated naturally. Five of the paddocks, P1-P5, were sequentially
      contaminated with faeces of naturally infected cattle at approximately 4-6-weekly
      intervals. Paddocks P6 and P7 were repeatedly contaminated every 4-6 weeks
      artificially and by the naturally infected cattle, respectively. Larval
      development and survival occurred very readily during the wet season (April
      October) but apparently ceased in November at the start of the dry season. Larval
      migration, however, occurred not only during the rains but also during the first
      4 weeks of the dry season. Single contaminations during the rains quickly gave
      rise to single waves of infestation which also declined rapidly, in spite of the
      continuously favourable conditions for larval development and survival. The
      repeated contaminations produced three and four distinct and relatively short
      lived larval peaks, respectively, with the first three peaks on both paddocks,
      namely the May, July and September/October peaks, being coincident. The four
      waves of herbage infestation on P7, which occurred at approximately 4-5 weekly
      intervals, were considered to have originated from four separate generations of
      the three trichostrongylids. However, Trichostrongylus sp. predominated in the
      first (May) peak while Cooperia and Haemonchus dominated the later peaks.

PMID- 3388733
TI  - Requirement for host Fc receptors and IgG antibodies in host immune responses
      against Rhipicephalus appendiculatus.
AB  - Guinea pigs sensitized by prior feeding of larval Rhipicephalus appendiculatus
      ticks expressed complete immunity to challenge feeding resulting in 100% tick
      rejection. Passive transfer of 1 ml of serum from animals expressing resistance
      into naive animals conferred recipients with significant protection (88% tick
      rejection). Successful transfer of resistance was blocked by pretreatment of
      recipients with rabbit IgG but not sheep IgG1. Passive transfer of IgG1 or IgG2
      purified from tick-sensitized guinea pig serum by ion-exchange chromatography
      failed to confer resistance to naive guinea pigs. Furthermore, IgG1 from guinea
      pigs expressing resistance obtained from serum by passage through a heavy chain
      specific rabbit anti-guinea pig IgG1 column failed to confer resistance to naive
      guinea pigs, as did the eluate. These results suggest that both IgG subclasses
      are needed for the expression of resistance, or IgG1 in conjunction with IgE.

PMID- 3388734
TI  - Prevalence of toxoplasmosis in Saudi Arabian camels (Camelus dromedarius).
AB  - Serum samples from 227 Saudi Arabian camels were examined for Toxoplasma gondii
      antibodies by the indirect haemagglutination test, using a microtitre technique.
      Agglutinations (greater than 2+) occurring at 1:64 dilution were considered
      positive. A total of 36 (16%) camels were serologically positive for
      toxoplasmosis, giving titres ranging between 1:64 and 1:8192. The prevalence was
      much higher in female compared to male camels and in adults compared to young
      individuals.

PMID- 3388735
TI  - Detection of anticytauxzoon antibodies in cats infected with a Cytauxzoon
      organism from bobcats.
AB  - A microfluorometric immunoassay was developed for the detection of antibodies to
      a Cytauxzoon organism of bobcat origin. A homogenated antigen of RBC-parasite
      lysate was used to measure antibody levels in sera from cats experimentally
      infected with the non-pathogenic erythrocyte form of the bobcat Cytauxzoon
      organism. Antibody levels in sera collected at weekly intervals, expressed as
      FIAX values, were correlated with parasitemia levels and erythrocyte packed cell
      volume (PCV). The antibody levels tended to be highest and the PCV lowest at or
      near the peak parasitemias. Splenectomized cats developed higher antibody and
      parasitemia levels than non-splenectomized cats. Single serum samples collected
      from 31 cats were used to establish a baseline response level for normal domestic
      cat populations.

PMID- 3388736
TI  - Factors influencing the duration of isometamidium chloride (Samorin) prophylaxis
      against experimental challenge with metacyclic forms of Trypanosoma congolense.
AB  - The duration of a single isometamidium chloride (Samorin) prophylactic treatment
      against Trypanosoma congolense ILNat. 3.1 and T. congolense IL 285 was examined
      in 24 Boran steers with regard to (1) the dose of drug, (2) the level of
      metacyclic challenge and (3) the influence of infection with an unrelated
      serodeme at the time of treatment. The cattle were repeatedly challenged at
      monthly intervals between 2 and 7 months following treatment, either by five
      infected Glossina morsitans centralis or by intradermal inoculation of 5 X 10(3)
      or 5 X 10(5) in vitro-derived metacyclic trypanosomes. A dose of 1 mg kg-1
      afforded complete protection for 4 months and 0.5 mg kg-1 for 3 months against
      the two T. congolense serodemes examined, irrespective of the method or weight of
      challenge. In another group of cattle, which had an established infection at the
      time of treatment, the duration of chemoprophylaxis against an unrelated serodeme
      was the same as the other groups which had no previous experience of trypanosome
      infection. Antibodies to metacyclics did not appear in any of the cattle as long
      as the chemoprophylaxis was effective. An exception to this was the group
      challenged with 5 X 10(5) in vitro-derived metacyclic parasites, in which low
      antibody titres were detected. In all cases these proved to be non-protective. It
      was concluded that, under the experimental conditions employed, (1) there was a
      direct relationship between drug dosage and the duration of chemoprophylaxis, (2)
      the weight of metacyclic challenge did not affect the duration of
      chemoprophylaxis and (3) when used to treat an existing infection, isometamidium
      chloride exerted the same degree of chemoprophylactic activity.

PMID- 3388737
TI  - The histopathology of porcine cysticercosis.
AB  - A study describing the tissue reaction caused by the larval stage of Taenia
      solium in muscles was conducted on samples obtained from 28 infected pigs of
      different ages and provenance. Lesions were classified according to the severity
      of the tissue inflammatory response, larval degeneration and replacement by scar
      tissue in Grades 0-6. Results revealed that of a total of 296 larvae observed, 58
      had degenerated, causing a severe granulomatous reaction in the host tissues
      (Grades 4 and 5) and finally fibrosis (Grade 6). Twenty-eight showed no
      inflammatory response (Grade 0). Judging from the histological findings, the
      eosinophil seems to be the determinant cell for the initiation of the destructive
      process of the larvae of T. solium. The results also suggest that a greater
      number (P less than 0.01) of degenerated larvae may be found in older pigs.

PMID- 3388738
TI  - An attempt to produce Ostertagia circumcincta infections in Mongolian gerbils.
AB  - Adult infections of Ostertagia circumcincta were successfully established in
      gerbils, although worm growth was retarded compared with infections in sheep.
      Chronic administration of beta-methasone to the host enhanced development of the
      parasite reproductive system but did not increase infection rate or prevent worm
      rejection. Infection rates achieved with single infections were not increased by
      using daily or weekly trickle infection regimes with or without prior
      exsheathment of larvae. Examination of stomachs from infected gerbils
      demonstrated pathological changes in the pyloric region which was the
      predilection site for O. circumcincta. This is in contrast to infections in sheep
      in which the fundic region of the abomasum is the preferred site.

PMID- 3388739
TI  - Seasonal fluctuations of gastrointestinal helminths of camels in Kuwait.
AB  - Over a period of 1 year, from May 1982 to April 1983, the gastrointestinal tracts
      of 240 camels were examined for the presence of parasitic helminths. The study
      quantifies the prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths and the seasonal
      fluctuations in intestinal worm burdens and faecal worm egg counts. Among the
      three species of cestodes and eight species of nematodes which were recorded for
      the first time from Kuwait, Trichostrongylus probolurus (93.8%), T. colubriformis
      (34.2%) and Stilesia vittata (30.0%) were the most prevalent in the small
      intestine and Camelostrongylus mentulatus (59.6%) in the abomasum. Estimation of
      the intestinal worm burdens and faecal worm egg counts showed that
      Trichostrongylus infections were by far the most predominant. The highest worm
      and egg counts were recorded in June and August, during the hot dry season. This
      rise is attributed to infections acquired from February to April, during the cool
      wet season. Possibly the most effective control can be achieved by a critical
      treatment at the end of the wet season coinciding with the first rise in nematode
      population.

PMID- 3388740
TI  - Effect of prolonged subclinical infection with Trichostrongylus colubriformis on
      the performance and nitrogen metabolism of growing lambs.
AB  - Ten 5-month-old lambs, reared free of parasites and prepared with abomasal and
      ileal cannulas, were paired and given rations of pelleted dried grass by means of
      continuous feeders. From 7 months of age one of each pair was dosed daily with
      2500 Trichostrongylus colubriformis larvae for 34 weeks. An untreated animal
      served as a pair-fed control to each infected lamb. During 5 experimental periods
      (pre-infection, and Weeks 6-8, 12-14, 18-20 and 29-34 of dosing) measurements
      were made of the amounts of N leaving the small intestine, the digestibility of
      35[S]-labelled microbial protein in the small intestine, and the amounts of
      plasma protein leaking into the digestive tract. The infection caused a growth
      check (P less than 0.05) from Week 6 to approximately Week 13 of dosing. This
      resulted from inappetence, but also from a disruption in the N digestion and
      metabolism of the lambs. There was a marked eosinophilia at this time.
      Measurements of ileal flow rates during Weeks 6 and 12 indicated that
      significantly more N flowed to the terminal ileum of infected lambs during this
      period (Week 6, 3.1 g N day-1 P less than 0.05; Week 12, 5.0 g N day-1 P less
      than 0.001). Plasma N leakage into the intestine during Weeks 8 and 14 was higher
      in infected lambs (1.2 g N day-1 P less than 0.01 and 0.9 g N day-1 P less than
      0.05, respectively) but the digestibility of 35[S]-labelled microbial protein was
      depressed below that of the controls during the later part of this period, i.e.
      during Week 13. Continued larval challenge beyond this point caused a less severe
      nutritional penalty. Voluntary feed intake increased and the animals started to
      gain weight. The amount of extra N flowing to the terminal ileum of infected
      lambs was less at Week 18 of dosing (3.5 g N day-1 P less than 0.01) than it had
      been at Week 12. Similarly, extra plasma N leakage into the tract of infected
      lambs was less during Week 20 (0.26 g N day-1) than during Week 14. There was
      however, still a detectable reduction in the coefficient of digestibility of 35S
      microbial protein in infected lambs during Week 19. By Weeks 29-34 the only
      detectable difference between the infected and control lambs was in their
      eosinophil counts.

PMID- 3388741
TI  - The effect of daily challenge with Trichostrongylus colubriformis larvae on the
      nutrition and performance of immunologically-resistant sheep.
AB  - Immunological resistance to Trichostrongylus colubriformis was developed in sheep
      by challenging them with 2500 larvae per day for 34 weeks. They were then rested
      for 24 weeks before being re-challenged with the same dose rate of the same
      larvae for 10 weeks. Nutritional, haematological and parasitological parameters
      were measured during the first 8 weeks of re-challenge infection. There were no
      faecal worm eggs excreted during the re-challenge infection. There was a small
      but significant increase in plasma-N leakage from Days 4 to 9 of dosing but this
      then declined to initial levels. There was no other detectable nutritional
      disturbance associated with re-infection. Re-challenge caused a rapid development
      of eosinophilia which peaked during Week 6 before declining to levels of the
      control animals by Week 8. Sheep resistant to T. colubriformis appear to be able
      to re-activate their immunological mechanisms when re-challenged with the
      parasite with little associated nutritional penalty.

PMID- 3388742
TI  - Measurement in vitro of a larval migration inhibitory factor in gastrointestinal
      mucus of sheep made resistant to the roundworm Trichostrongylus colubriformis.
AB  - Lambs were challenged by dosing with 2500 T. colubriformis larvae per day for 34
      weeks, rested for 4 weeks and then re-challenged with the infective larvae for a
      further 10 weeks. A technique for the measurement of inhibition of larval
      migration from agar gels was used to investigate the antiparasitic activity of
      mucus, obtained from the small intestine and abomasum of the lambs, at the end of
      the re-challenge period. Measurements were also made on ileal digesta samples
      collected at different times during the development of the initial resistance,
      the rest period and the re-challenge period, and on faeces collected during the
      re-challenge infection. The mucus from the small intestine and abomasum paralysed
      and inhibited larval migration from agar gels significantly more (P less than
      0.01 and P less than 0.05, respectively) than corresponding mucus from parasite
      free control animals. This inhibitory activity was also detected (P less than
      0.01) in the ileal digesta of infected animals from Week 6 of primary dosing. The
      magnitude of the inhibition in the ileal digesta increased with time during the
      infection period and was again detected during re-infection (P less than 0.01).
      It was not detectable in resistant sheep towards the end of the rest period.
      Slight inhibitory activity was detected in faeces after 2 weeks of re-infection.
      These observations suggest that substances secreted into the lumen of the small
      intestine of infected animals are responsible for resistance against ingested
      larvae.

PMID- 3388743
TI  - Comparison of cryofixation methods for skin biopsies from sheep infested with
      Psoroptes ovis (Acari: Psoroptidae).
AB  - Two methods of cryofixing skin samples from sheep infested with Psoroptes ovis
      were compared. In one method the skin biopsy was placed in a capped vial before
      immersion, while the other allowed direct contact with liquid nitrogen. No
      statistically significant differences were found between the cryofixation methods
      with regard to location of P. ovis sections or engaged mouthparts. Direct contact
      with liquid nitrogen is recommended as the preferred method for cryofixing
      epidermal feeding ectoparasites on skin samples.

PMID- 3388744
TI  - Echinococcus granulosus in animals in northern India.
AB  - The prevalence of larval Echinococcus granulosus in buffaloes, sheep and goats
      and in adult stray and shepherd dogs was studied in northern India. A total of
      48.1% of 754 buffaloes, 30.5% of 1215 sheep and 21.0% of 447 goats were found to
      be infected with this parasite. The prevalence of infection in buffaloes was
      higher in older animals than in younger animals. The lungs and livers appeared to
      be the sites of predilection. A high percentage of cysts from buffaloes (71.1%)
      were sterile, whereas a high percentage (90.0%) of cysts from sheep and goats
      were fertile. Shepherd dogs showed a higher prevalence of infection than stray
      dogs and the latter examined near the vicinity of slaughter houses had a higher
      prevalence of infection than those examined in other parts of the city.

PMID- 3388745
TI  - The prevalence of cysticercosis and hydatidosis in Ethiopian sheep.
AB  - Five hundred and sixty sheep, slaughtered at an Addis Ababa abattoir, were
      examined for cysticercosis and hydatidosis. The prevalence of the metacestodes of
      Taenia hydatigena was 37.1% and that of Echinococcus granulosus 16.4%. In
      addition, the age and sex prevalences of hydatid cysts, their organ distribution
      and the ratio of fertile cysts were determined.

PMID- 3388746
TI  - Delayed manifestation of Senecio-induced pyrrolizidine alkaloidosis in cattle:
      case reports.
AB  - Selected case reports from closely controlled experimental feedings of Senecio
      jacobaea (tansy ragwort), S longilobus (threadleaf groundsel) and S riddellii
      (Riddell's groundsel) to cattle are presented to show that all 3 of these
      pyrrolizidine alkaloid-containing plants may not necessarily induce proximate
      toxicity, but may cause typical signs and death many months after the plants are
      ingested. Results of the experimental intoxications indicate that if the daily
      dosage is of sufficient size to insult hepatocytes, a chronic lethal dose of
      plant may be eaten in only a few days. Early signs of intoxication may be absent,
      or mild and transitory, and serum enzyme changes that reflect liver injury may
      not always be detectable. Latent pyrrolizidine alkaloidosis signs can develop
      many months after the plants are eaten, and death imminent soon thereafter. The
      prepatent period and eventual time of death appears to be dependent on the time
      dose relationship that determines the rate of progressive hepatocellular injury.

PMID- 3388747
TI  - An evaluation of the acute toxicity of an insecticidal spray containing linalool,
      d-limonene, and piperonyl butoxide applied topically to domestic cats.

PMID- 3388748
TI  - Toxicity of lantana (Lantana camera L) leaves and isolated toxins to rabbits.
AB  - Oral administration of lantana leaves (6 g/kg body weight) and isolated toxins
      (125 mg/kg body weight) to rabbits caused ictericity, anorexia and decrease in
      fecal output. There was increased size of the kidneys, and the livers were ochre
      colored and fragile but there was no hepatomegaly. Histopathologically, lantana
      intoxicated rabbits had swellings of hepatic cells, portal fibrosis, dilatation
      of bile canaliculi and biliary hyperplasia. Kidneys had proliferation of
      mesenchymal cells in glomerular tufts, degeneration of tubules, swelling of
      tubular epithelial cells and pyknosis of nuclei. The intoxicated animals had
      elevated levels of conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin in plasma, the major
      increase being in the conjugated form (suggestive of obstructive jaundice). There
      were marginal changes in the activities of acid phosphatase and glutamate
      oxaloacetate transaminase in the plasma.

PMID- 3388749
TI  - Effect of repeated dermal application of endosulfan to rats.
AB  - Dermal application of endosulfan to male (18.75, 37.50 and 62.50 mg/kg/day) and
      female (9.83, 19.66 and 32.0 mg/kg/d) rats for 30 days produced
      hyperexcitability, tremor, dyspnea and salivation. There were no deaths. The
      signs of toxicity subsided after a week. Endosulfan produced no significant
      changes in the organ:body weight ratio. No significant changes were seen in the
      histological and hematological indices. However, a significant decrease in liver
      GOT and GPT and serum GPT activities and a significant rise in serum alkaline
      phosphatase and total protein were recorded in the endosulfan-treated animals.
      There were no changes in LDH. Residue analysis revealed higher levels of total
      endosulfan in fatty tissues of rats receiving the highest dose of endosulfan.

PMID- 3388750
TI  - Acute zinc intoxication: comparison of the antidotal efficacy of several
      chelating agents.
AB  - Four zinc compounds (acetate, nitrate, chloride and sulfate) were administered po
      or ip to rats and mice. The LD50 values were determined. Animals were observed
      for 14 days. The majority of deaths occurred during the first 48 hr. The clinical
      and physical signs appearing after intoxication included miosis, conjunctivitis,
      decreased food and water consumption and hemorrhages and hematomas in the tail.
      These changes decreased with time which would suggest a quick elimination of
      zinc. To determine the effect of 6 chelating agents on the toxicity of zinc,
      various doses of zinc acetate (66-330 mg/kg) were given ip to male mice followed
      by the injection of one of the chelators. DTPA, D-PA, CDTA and EDTA were the most
      effective. CDTA and DTPA were also the most effective in increasing the urinary
      excretion of zinc. DTPA appears to be the most effective agent of those tested in
      the prevention of acute zinc intoxication. However, CDTA may be considered as a
      possible alternative.

PMID- 3388751
TI  - Effects of topical fenthion on blood cholinesterase and vagal tone in dogs.
AB  - A 20% fenthion (0,0-dimethyl-0-(3-methyl-4-(methylthio)-phenyl)
      phosphorothionate) formulation was applied topically to dogs at 8 mg/kg, 2
      treatments at 14-day intervals, and 33 mg/kg, 4 treatments at 7-day intervals.
      Control dogs received 4 treatments at 7-day intervals of the proprietary vehicle.
      Following the last dose, the dogs were observed for a 14-day period. Plasma
      cholinesterase (ChE) exhibited a significant dose-related response with maximum
      inhibition to 52% and 24% of pre-dose activity occurring 4 days after the final
      fenthion treatment of 8 and 33 mg/kg, respectively. Erythrocyte ChE activity
      showed a downward trend to 32% of normal activity measured 9 days following the
      last treatment of fenthion at 33 mg/kg. No cholinomimetic effects were observed.
      All dogs were challenged with atropine sulfate (0.02 mg/kg, sc) on the last day
      of the observation period. A 5 min electrocardiogram was analyzed to estimate V
      as that portion of the variance in the R-R intervals corresponding with the
      normal respiratory frequency band for dogs. The mean heart period, mean heart
      period variance, and mean of V had significant change when measured across time
      in the atropine challenge (0, 25, 70, and 100 min) with a pronounced decrease at
      25 min. An attenuation of the V measure in the fenthion-treated groups indicated
      an altered muscarinic response to atropine from prior subacute fenthion exposure.

PMID- 3388752
TI  - Acute bovine pulmonary emphysema caused by the fungus Fusarium semitectum.
AB  - Acute bovine pulmonary emphysema (ABPE) is known to occur throughout the world.
      The documented causes include 3-methylindole, 4-ipomeanol and perilla ketone.
      Although 4-ipomeanol is a phytoallexin from Fusarium solani, this is the first
      reported incidence of toxicity involving Fusarium semitectum. This report
      describes the poisoning of cattle consuming Fusarium semitectum contaminated pink
      half-runner bean refuse.

PMID- 3388753
TI  - Signal grass (Brachiaria decumbens) toxicity in sheep: changes in motility and pH
      of reticulo-rumen.
AB  - In addition to generalized icterus, enlargement of the liver and severe
      photosensitization, signal grass (Brachiaria decumbens) toxicity also caused
      ruminal stasis and a decreased rumen pH in sheep. Ruminal stasis, which occurred
      within 3 weeks of grazing on this grass, may be the effect of the toxin produced
      in the rumen rather than a sequele of a decreased rumen pH. Animals were anorexic
      and the volume of their rumen content was very much reduced.

PMID- 3388754
TI  - Toxic effects of Mascagnia rigida in laboratory animals.
AB  - Mascagnia rigida (Malpigheacea) is a toxic plant to cattle in Brazil. The extract
      prepared from the dried leaves of M rigida was administered to rats, mice, guinea
      pigs, hamsters and rabbits. Rabbits were the best animal model to study the toxic
      effects of M rigida.

PMID- 3388755
TI  - Berry identification using a modified botanic key.

PMID- 3388756
TI  - Subcutaneous swelling in a cow.

PMID- 3388757
TI  - Perirenal edema in a calf.

PMID- 3388758
TI  - Persistent symptoms of cholinesterase inhibiting pesticide toxicity (diazanon)

PMID- 3388759
TI  - Short-term effect of cyclophosphamide and azathioprine on selected aspects of the
      canine blastogenic response.
AB  - The short-term, in vitro responses of canine peripheral blood lymphocytes to
      mitogenic stimulation and serum immunoglobulin concentrations were evaluated
      following treatment with currently recommended doses of cyclophosphamide and
      azathioprine. Cyclophosphamide had no significant effect on either the serum
      immunoglobulin concentrations or the blastogenic response of lymphocytes to
      mitogenic stimulation. Serum immunoglobulin concentrations remained unchanged
      following azathioprine treatment. The blastogenic response was significantly
      suppressed following one week of azathioprine therapy and returned to baseline
      values one week following cessation of treatment. The response to
      phytohemagglutinin was most suppressed, followed, in order, by the response to
      concanavalin A, and to pokeweed mitogen. These results suggest that the short
      term use of azathioprine, but not cyclophosphamide, in clinically used dosages,
      does suppress selective aspects of the canine immune system, and the T cells
      appear to be more susceptible than B cells to the immunosuppressive effect of
      this drug.

PMID- 3388760
TI  - Adherence, spreading, and locomotion of bovine polymorphs: effect of proteins and
      metabolic inhibitors.
AB  - Adherence of bovine polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) on plastic, glass, and nylon
      wool fibers was assayed in the presence or in the absence of proteins and
      metabolic inhibitors. PMN adhered strongly and flattened on naked surfaces
      (without proteins). This process was active (did not occur at 5 degrees C),
      independent of divalent cations, and resisted the action of inhibitors except
      that of 10(-3) M iodoacetic acid, an inhibitor of glycolysis. A dose-dependent
      inhibitory effect was exerted on PMN adherence by fibrinogen and gelatin, whereas
      ovalbumin and human serum-albumin (HSA) inhibited only cell spreading. Bovine
      serum inhibited spreading and reduced attachment. In the presence of HSA, PMN
      adherence to plastic required the correct temperature (37 degrees C) and an
      intact glycolytic pathway and oxidative metabolism. PMN migration under agarose
      was reduced on naked plastic when compared to plastic pre-coated with gelatin.
      Incorporation of gelatin or HSA in the agarose also permitted the cells to
      respond to serum chemoattractants, without stimulation of random locomotion.
      Incorporation of heated precolostral calf serum in agarose resulted in the
      highest response to serum chemoattractants but also in stimulated random
      locomotion. These results suggest that PMN adhered too strongly to naked surfaces
      to be able to respond well chemotactically, and that the proteins used in the
      migration test under agarose operated mainly through a reduction of cell-surface
      interactions.

PMID- 3388761
TI  - A simple method for the in vitro determination of phagocytic activity of bovine
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
AB  - A simple method for the in vitro determination of the phagocytic activity of
      bovine polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) is described. An enriched PMNL
      population was obtained from peripheral blood of healthy cattle and mixed with
      opsonized Candida utilis or with opsonized bovine red blood cells on BSA treated
      coverglass slides. The phagocytosis and killing of C. utilis was determined
      simultaneously on the coverglass slides stained with acridine orange.
      Phagocytosis of bovine erythrocytes was determined by microscopic examination of
      the Wright-Giemsa stained slides. This method is appropriate under limited
      laboratory conditions because it does not require highly sophisticated equipment
      and materials, it is easy and rapid to perform, reproducible and inexpensive.
      Therefore, it could be used as a first evaluation of the phagocytic activity of
      bovine PMNL.

PMID- 3388762
TI  - The effects of gamma irradiation on the lymphoid organs of rainbow trout and
      subsequent susceptibility to fish pathogens.
AB  - Fish were irradiated with 60Co gamma rays at doses ranging from 10 to 50 Gy.
      Lethal doses were determined in fishes of different ages. For a given dose, fry
      and fingerlings were more susceptible than subadults. Whatever the irradiation
      dose was, the fish displayed a sharp decrease in blood leucocyte count. At the
      lowest doses, this acute leucopaenia was reversible. The cellular damage in the
      lymphoid organs was particularly obvious in the thymus. The depletion of lymphoid
      cells from immunocompetent organs decreased (viral hemorrhagic septicaemia, VHS)
      or increased (Y. ruckeri, A salmonicida) the susceptibility of trout to
      pathogens. The suppressive effect of radiation was age dependent. Irradiation
      appeared to be a reliable technique to detect asymptomatic carrier fish.

PMID- 3388763
TI  - Alterations in the peripheral lymphoid organs and differential leukocyte counts
      in Saprolegnia-infected brown trout, Salmo trutta fario.
AB  - The number of circulating leukocytes and the structure of splenic and renal
      lymphoid tissue were comparatively analysed in healthy and Saprolegnia-infected
      wild brown trout, Salmo trutta fario. Sick trout showed lymphopenia, mainly due
      to decreased numbers of circulating small lymphocytes, and heterophilia. The
      splenic and renal lymphoid tissue of infected trout exhibited similar changes,
      consisting of cellular depletion, lymphoid cell degeneration, and vascular
      alterations with blood vessel enlargement and hypertrophy of sinusoidal
      endothelial cells. Furthermore, the endothelial cells in the spleen and kidney of
      the infected trout contained cytoplasmic vesicles filled with material of
      possible fungal origin. The absence of a reticular sheath was also evident in the
      splenic ellipsoids. These results suggest some immunodepression in Saprolegnia
      infected trout which might favour the course of the disease.

PMID- 3388764
TI  - Jacalin: its binding reactivity with immunoglobulin A from various mammalian
      species.
AB  - Jacalin, a recently described lectin, has been demonstrated to have unique
      binding properties for some forms of human immunoglobulin A (IgA). The lectin has
      now become commercially available, immobilized to a beaded agarose support. This
      laboratory undertook a short study to determine whether this immobilized jacalin
      demonstrated any binding capacity for IgA from various mammalian species, with a
      view to utilizing this new form of affinity chromatography to simplify the
      purification of IgA from these species. Utilizing the chromatographic conditions
      recommended by the manufacturer, the bound jacalin demonstrated no IgA reactivity
      from pig, goat, horse, cow or dog.

PMID- 3388765
TI  - In vitro synthesis of double-stranded RNA by carnation cryptic virus-associated
      RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.
AB  - Partially purified carnation cryptic virus (CarCV) preparations possessed RNA
      dependent RNA polymerase activity which was absent in comparable preparations
      from virus-free carnations. Enzyme activity was dependent upon the presence of
      virus particles, Mg2+, and the four ribonucleoside triphosphates, and was
      insensitive to inhibitors of DNA-dependent RNA polymerases. The 32P-labeled
      enzyme reaction products were largely dsRNAs as indicated by resistance to S1
      nuclease and RNase A at high but not low ionic strength. The in vitro synthesized
      dsRNAs hybridized specifically with CarCV genomic dsRNAs, and the radioactive
      products present in the polymerase reaction mixture sedimented with the virus
      particles in sucrose density gradients. The data suggest that the RNA-dependent
      RNA polymerase associated with CarCV particles is a replicase which catalyzes the
      synthesis of copies of the genomic dsRNAs.

PMID- 3388766
TI  - Organization of RNA transcripts from a 7.8-kb region of the frog virus 3 genome.
AB  - The detailed organization of the RNAs transcribed from a region of the FV 3
      genome (Sa/I-F fragment and adjacent sequences) has been determined. The
      information was derived from the cell-free translation of hybrid-selected RNA to
      locate the genes encoding specific polypeptides, RNA filter hybridization to size
      the transcripts, and S1 nuclease mapping to locate the 5'- and 3'-ends of the
      RNAs on the genome. Three genes are contiguous and are transcribed from the same
      strand: two immediate early genes encoding transcripts of about 1.3 kb that
      directed the in vitro synthesis of 42K and 46K polypeptides, separated by the
      late gene encoding the major capsid protein (48K). At an advanced stage in
      infection, transcripts derived from the immediate early genes are also present. A
      set of RNAs with different 5'-ends ranging from 1.7 to 0.58 kb is produced from
      the p46 gene region whereas RNAs, 0.98 and 0.6 kb in size, complementary to the
      5'-end of the p42 message, are synthesized. This gene cluster is located between
      two genes transcribed in the opposite direction from the rightward-reading
      strand: a late gene whose message is 0.5 kb in size and encodes a 15K polypeptide
      and a gene transcribed at immediate early and late times of infection which
      encodes a protein of 70 kDa. The 5'-end of the late RNA maps downstream of the 5'
      end of the early one, their sizes being 1.85 and 2 kb, respectively, but both of
      them can be translated in vitro into a 70K polypeptide. These observations
      suggest that transcription is not regulated by the organization of the genes;
      they suggest rather that specific DNA sequences are responsible for the promotion
      of immediate early and late transcriptions.

PMID- 3388767
TI  - Nucleotide sequence and molecular genetic analysis of the vaccinia virus HindIII
      N/M region encoding the genes responsible for resistance to alpha-amanitin.
AB  - The genomic location of the gene(s) which provides vaccinia virus (VV) alpha
      amanitin-resistant mutants with a drug-resistant phenotype have been mapped to
      the HindIII N/M region of the genome by the use of marker rescue techniques [E.
      C. Villarreal and D. E. Hruby (1986) J. Virol. 57, 65-70]. Nucleotide sequencing
      of a 2356-bp HindIII-Sau3A fragment of the vaccinia virus genome encompassing
      this region reveals the presence of two complete leftward-reading open reading
      frames (ORFs, N2 and M1) and two incomplete ORFs (N1 and M2). By computer
      analysis the N2 and M1 ORFs would be predicted to encode soluble VV polypeptides
      with molecular weights of approximately 20 and 48 kDa, respectively. The N2 and
      M1 ORFs have extremely A-T-rich 5'-proximal sequences, consistent with previous
      data regarding the location and A-T-richness of viral early promoters. Likewise,
      the consensus signal believed to be involved in terminating VV early gene
      transcription, TTTTTNT, was evident at the 3'-boundary of both the N2 and M1 ORFs
      suggesting that these genes may be VV early genes. The in vivo transcriptional
      activity, orientation, and limits of these putative transcriptional units were
      investigated by Northern blot, nuclease S1, and primer extension analysis. Both
      N2- and M1-specific transcripts were detected in the cytoplasm of VV-infected
      cells, suggesting that these loci are bonafide viral genes. Time-course nuclease
      S1 experiments revealed that the N2 gene was transcribed exclusively prior to VV
      DNA replication. In contrast, the M1 gene was transcribed throughout infection,
      although different start sites were used at early versus late times
      postinfection. These results are discussed in relation to the drug-resistant
      phenotype and future experiments to identify the viral gene product responsible.

PMID- 3388768
TI  - Systemic distribution of woodchuck hepatitis virus in the tissues of
      experimentally infected woodchucks.
AB  - To better assess the extent of the tissue tropism of mammalian hepadnaviruses, 10
      tissues from each of six woodchucks were examined for the presence and state of
      woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) nucleic acids 15 months after experimental WHV
      infection. The tissues examined were peripheral blood lymphocytes, lymph node,
      spleen, bone marrow, thymus, pancreas, kidney, ovary, testis, and liver. Tissue
      samples from three chronically infected animals and three animals with serologic
      patterns of recovery (serum: WHsAg-, anti-WHs+, anti-WHs+, WHV DNA-) from acute
      WHV infection were analyzed in parallel by in situ hybridization and Southern and
      Northern blot techniques. WHV nucleic acids were detected in several individual
      tissues from each animal examined, although not all tissues in every animal
      contained WHV. Substantial differences were observed among the various tissues
      and animals with respect to the frequency, level, and intratissue distribution of
      WHV nucleic acids, as well as the presence of different viral genomic forms.
      Active WHV DNA replication was present only in the liver and spleen of the
      chronically infected animals. No evidence of ongoing WHV DNA replication was
      found in any of the tissues from the recovered animals. WHV DNA was homogeneously
      distributed among all hepatocytes in the livers of the chronic carriers. By
      contrast, WHV DNA in all the extrahepatic tissues, and in the livers of the
      recovered animals, was detected only in scattered foci of cells.

PMID- 3388769
TI  - Further implications for the evolutionary relationships between tripartite plant
      viruses based on cucumber mosaic virus RNA 3.
AB  - The nucleotide sequence of the RNA 3 of the Q-strain of cucumber mosaic virus (Q
      CMV) has been reinvestigated and supporting partial amino acid sequence data
      obtained for the coat protein. Corrections to the previously published sequence
      of RNA 3 [A. R. Gould and R. H. Symons (1982) Eur. J. Biochem. 126, 217-226]
      result in changes to the size and composition of the putative 3a and coat
      proteins. Analysis of the nucleotide sequence revealed a 14-nucleotide sequence
      present in the intercistronic regions of the RNA 3 molecules of both Q-CMV and
      brome mosaic virus (BMV). This sequence, which is closely related to sequences
      previously detected in the 5'-untranslated region of Q-CMV and BMV RNAs 1 and 2
      [M. A. Rezaian, R. H. V. Williams, and R. H. Symons (1985) Eur. J. Biochem. 150,
      331-339], may be important in the control of RNA synthesis. Computer-assisted
      comparisons indicate an ancestral relationship between the 3a proteins of CMV,
      BMV, and alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) and between the coat proteins of CMV and BMV.
      These comparisons significantly extend previous observations regarding the close
      evolutionary relationships within the plant tripartite virus group.

PMID- 3388770
TI  - Nucleotide sequence and deduced amino acid sequence of the nonstructural proteins
      of dengue type 2 virus, Jamaica genotype: comparative analysis of the full-length
      genome.
AB  - The sequence of the 5'-end of the genome of dengue 2 (Jamaica genotype) virus has
      been previously reported (V. Deubel, R. M. Kinney, and D. W. Trent, 1986,
      Virology 155, 365-377). We have now cloned and sequenced the remaining 75% of the
      genomic RNA that encodes the nonstructural proteins. The complete genome is
      10,723 bases in length with a single open reading frame extending from
      nucleotides 97 to 10,269 encoding 3391 amino acids. The 3'-noncoding extremity
      presents a stem- and loop-structure and contains a repeated oligonucleotide
      sequence. Comparisons of the nucleotide sequences of the genomes of dengue 2
      viruses of different topotypes reveal 90-95% similarity, with 64-66% similarity
      evident between dengue viruses of different serotypes. The amino acid sequence of
      the polyprotein of dengue 2 Jamaica virus shows 97, 68, 50, and 44% similarity
      with those of other dengue 2, dengue 1, or dengue 4, West Nile, and yellow fever
      viruses, respectively. Despite amino acid sequence divergence, the hydrophobic
      profile of the flavivirus proteins is highly conserved. Proteins NS1, NS3, and
      NS5 are the most conserved. Conserved amino acid stretches present in all
      flavivirus proteins may be involved in common essential biological functions.

PMID- 3388771
TI  - Involvement of a nonstructural protein in the RNA synthesis of brome mosaic
      virus.
AB  - RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) was prepared from brome mosaic virus (BMV)
      infected barley by a procedure including Nonidet-P40 treatment. The enzyme proved
      to be highly active, specific, and almost completely template dependent without
      the need for nuclease treatment [W. A. Miller, and T. C. Hall (1983) Virology
      125, 236-241] or DEAE ion exchange chromatography [K. Maekawa and I. Furusawa
      (1984) Ann. Phytopathol. Soc. Japan 50, 491-499]. Two C-terminal peptides P1C and
      P2C derived from the nonstructural BMV proteins P1 and P2, respectively, were
      synthesized. Antibodies raised against these peptides were able to recognize the
      corresponding native proteins present in RdRp preparations. Antibodies directed
      against P1C were capable of completely blocking the transcription of BMV RNA in
      vitro. This is the first experimental evidence that a nonstructural viral protein
      is present in an enzyme complex involved in tricornaviral RNA synthesis.

PMID- 3388772
TI  - Intracellular processing of mumps virus glycoproteins.
AB  - Using newly isolated monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) directed to the hemagglutinin
      neuraminidase (HN) and the fusion (F) glycoproteins of mumps virus, we have
      analyzed post-translational modification of both glycoproteins. The HN
      glycoprotein synthesized as a monomer slowly acquires immunoreactivity with a
      monoclonal antibody (MoAb) to the HN in conjunction with the formation of
      oligomers. The oligomerization of the HN protein appeared to take place during
      transport of the protein through the Golgi apparatus. The immunoreactivity of the
      F protein evolved quickly in the rough endoplasmic reticulum, and the precursor
      of the F protein appeared to be proteolytically cleaved into F1 and F2 at the
      trans Golgi cisternae.

PMID- 3388773
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of the envelope protein genes of a highly virulent,
      neurotropic strain of Newcastle disease virus.
AB  - The envelope glycoproteins of Newcastle disease virus (NDV), hemagglutinin
      neuraminidase (HN) and fusion (F) proteins, play important roles in determining
      the host immune response and the virulence of that particular virus strain. The
      complete nucleotide sequence of the HN and F genes of a highly neurovirulent
      strain of NDV (Texas G. B., 1948) was determined in an effort to study the
      molecular basis of this strain's neurotropic properties. Comparison of the
      predicted amino acid sequences for the HN and F among the American NDV strains
      revealed that the Texas G. B. and Beaudette C envelope genes are closely related
      to each other and are less closely related to the avirulent B1 Hitchner strain.
      We have found 11 amino acid changes in the predicted HN protein between the
      Beaudette C and Texas G. B. strain but only 2 conservative amino acid changes
      (amino acids 11 and 197) in the F protein between these two strains. Although the
      virulence of NDV strains has been related to sequences at the cleavage site of
      F0, the property of neurovirulence cannot depend solely upon these sequences
      because there are no sequence differences between the Beaudette C and Texas G. B.
      strains. We suggest that the neurovirulence phenotype could be due to the
      molecular properties of the HN protein; however, we cannot exclude the
      possibility that the two conservative amino acid differences between the two F
      proteins could also play a role in determining the phenotypic differences between
      these two virus strains.

PMID- 3388774
TI  - Sequence and identification of the barley yellow dwarf virus coat protein gene.
AB  - The nucleotide sequence of the coat protein gene of barley yellow dwarf virus
      (BYDV, PAV serotype) was determined, and the amino acid sequence was deduced. The
      open reading frame, encoding a protein of relative molecular mass (Mr) 22,047,
      was confirmed as the coat protein gene by comparison with amino acid sequences of
      tryptic peptides derived from dissociated virions. In addition, a fragment of
      this gene expressed in Escherichia coli produced a product which was recognized
      by antibodies prepared against purified BYDV virions. An overlapping reading
      frame encoding an Mr 17,147 protein is contained completely within the coat
      protein gene.

PMID- 3388775
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies to the major structural proteins of bacteriophage phi 6.
AB  - A panel of 38 monoclonal antibodies to the five major structural proteins of phi
      6 was generated and characterized. The panel includes antibodies recognizing the
      receptor recognition protein P3, the major hydrophobic envelope protein P9, the
      nucleocapsid surface protein P8, and the nucleocapsid proteins P1 and P4, which
      are involved in the viral RNA polymerase activity and form the internal protein
      skeleton of the nucleocapsid. Six out of the fourteen antibodies to the receptor
      recognition protein, P3, showed neutralizing activity, interfering with the
      adsorption of phi 6 to host cells.

PMID- 3388776
TI  - Infectious RNA transcripts derived from full-length DNA copies of the genomic
      RNAs of cowpea mosaic virus.
AB  - A set of full-length DNA copies of both M and B RNA of cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV)
      was cloned downstream of a phage T7 promoter. Upon in vitro transcription using
      T7 RNA polymerase, M and B RNA-like transcripts were obtained from these DNA
      copies with only two additional nucleotides at the 5' end and five extra
      nucleotides at the 3' end in comparison to natural viral RNA. In cowpea
      protoplasts the transcripts of several cDNA clones of B RNA were able to
      replicate leading to detectable synthesis of viral RNA and proteins. Transcripts
      of M cDNA clones inoculated together with these B RNA transcripts were also
      expressed, although the number of protoplasts in which both transcripts were
      expressed was very low. Preliminary infectivity tests with mutagenized RNA
      transcripts indicate essential roles of the B RNA-encoded 24K and 32K
      polypeptides in viral RNA replication.

PMID- 3388777
TI  - Genetic profile of the transcriptional signals from the adenovirus major late
      promoter.
AB  - Identical functional profiles were obtained for in vivo and in vitro
      transcription assays of more than 30 site-directed point mutants within the
      adenovirus major late promoter. The functional limits of the functional regions
      encompassing upstream promoter element are defined (-51 to -61), as well as a
      region around the transcription start site (-1 to +1), flanked by regions
      insensitive to sequence alterations.

PMID- 3388778
TI  - [Further research is needed (we discuss the economic problems of military public
      health)].

PMID- 3388779
TI  - [The system of holdings acquisition of the Military Medical Museum of the
      Ministry of Defense of the USSR].

PMID- 3388780
TI  - [Reasons for the noncompliance of patients with the physician's recommendations].

PMID- 3388781
TI  - [Transesophageal electrical stimulation of the left atrium in the diagnosis of
      ischemic heart disease].

PMID- 3388782
TI  - [Echocardiography in the diagnosis of emergency states].

PMID- 3388783
TI  - [Use of the Holter method in analyzing heart rhythm disorders in patients with a
      history of myocardial infarct].

PMID- 3388785
TI  - [Immunocorrective therapy in secondary immunologic deficiency].

PMID- 3388784
TI  - [Effect of thymalin on the clinical course of influenza and the development of
      bacterial complications in young people].

PMID- 3388786
TI  - [Perestroika and military medical science].

PMID- 3388787
TI  - [Regulatory indices of the physiological functions making up the job qualities of
      the specialist].

PMID- 3388788
TI  - [Role of antimicrobial underwear and linens in preventing pyodermatitis].

PMID- 3388789
TI  - [Potentials of a method of correlation heart rhythm recording in assessing the
      pre-takeoff status of pilots].

PMID- 3388790
TI  - [Microcirculatory study of sailors on a long-term cruise].

PMID- 3388791
TI  - [Changes in the indices of immunological homeostasis with a change in climatic
      geographic regions].

PMID- 3388792
TI  - [Clinical picture, diagnosis and combined therapy of cardiac contusions].

PMID- 3388793
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of diffuse toxic goiter and neurocirculatory dystonia].

PMID- 3388794
TI  - [Complications of ischemic heart disease in patients during their sanatorium
      health resort treatment].

PMID- 3388795
TI  - [Osteoplasty with local tissues of mandibular defects].

PMID- 3388797
TI  - [Reconstruction of the bridge of the PZ-13-type thermistor gage of energy flow
      density].

PMID- 3388796
TI  - [Undiagnosed foreign bodies remaining long term in the bronchi].

PMID- 3388799
TI  - [Training device for the paralysed hand].

PMID- 3388798
TI  - [Function of the cardiovascular system in patients with chronic alcoholism].

PMID- 3388800
TI  - [An oxygenation apparatus].

PMID- 3388801
TI  - [Use of electrical suction in eye operations].

PMID- 3388802
TI  - [An attachment for hospital litters].

PMID- 3388803
TI  - [The problem of causality in philosophy and medicine (the Czechoslovak Socialist
      Republic)].

PMID- 3388804
TI  - [Relation of basic risk factors for ischemic heart diseases to the consumption of
      foodstuffs based on population research data].
AB  - Actual nutrition and its association with risk factors of coronary heart disease
      (CHD) were studied in a population of males aged 50-54 years living in Tallinn,
      as a whole and with regard to their nationality. Imbalance, as well as difference
      in the nutrition of the Estonians and Russians have been revealed. The incidence
      rate of CHD is directly associated with the total fat consumption; arterial
      hypertension is associated with alcohol intake; excessive body weight--with low
      consumption of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUSFA), low ratios of PUSFA and
      saturated fatty acids (SFA), and with high protein consumption. Inverse
      relationship of cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (HDLP) content with fat
      consumption, and direct relationship with other complex carbohydrates have been
      recorded. Triglyceride content is directly related with the consumption of fats,
      proteins and complex carbohydrates, and inversely related with PUSFA consumption,
      cholesterol content is in inverse relationship with starch consumption.

PMID- 3388805
TI  - [Relation of actual nutritional characteristics to the health status of retirees
      and persons of preretirement age employed in mechanical engineering production].
AB  - Actual nutrition and health state were investigated in 406 males of pre-pension
      and pension age (40-70 years) engaged in physical work (III category of
      difficulty) at an engineering plant. The chemical composition of their food was
      evaluated with respect to 74 chemical elements. The state of the workers' health
      was evaluated by the data obtained from the registers kept at the Plant medical
      unit. A relationship has been established between the character of the actual
      nutrition and the presence of an age-dependent disease, as well as the role of
      certain nutrients in the development of this or that disease in different age
      periods. A conclusion has been made on the necessity of the development of
      differential physiological requirements in the nutrients and energy for elder
      subjects engaged in the social industry, and inclusion of the rational nutrition
      into the complex of measures for prevention of age-dependent diseases.

PMID- 3388806
TI  - [Effect of a varying body allowance of protein and essential amino acids on the
      pool of free amino acids in the blood and tissues].
AB  - The pool of free amino acids in the blood and tissues was studied, basing on the
      protein amount in the diet and its qualitative composition, in 60 male WAG rats
      (bw 130-150 g), using gas-liquid chromatography. Three levels of casein were used
      in the ration (8.25 and 64% by mass). Incomplete protein of vegetable origin-
      wheat gluten was given instead of casein in an amount of 25%. The data obtained
      evidence that alanine circulation in deficiency of protein and essential amino
      acids is lowered which is associated with the inhibition of transamination of
      branched amino acids into glutamate. Deficiency of lysine, methionine, threonine
      and tryptophan in wheat gluten, when it is given to rats, leads to a decrease of
      these amino acids' pool in the skeletal muscles and blood that indicates the
      development of their deficiency in the body. The use of the relevant protein in
      the animals' diet resulted in disorders oi gluconeogenic amino acids (serine,
      glycine, proline), aspartate and cysteine metabolism. The protein excess leads to
      the growth of most amino acids' pool. Thus, metabolism of amino acids and their
      content in the tissue depend on the direction of the amino acid metabolic
      processes and their concentration in the food ration.

PMID- 3388807
TI  - [Effect of moderate amounts of food saccharose on glucose and fructose metabolism
      in the liver of rats].
AB  - Thirty-six male Wistar rats received rations containing 0, 5 or 15% sucrose
      during 40 days. Significant changes were recorded in the utilization of 6-3H
      glucose for the synthesis of lipids and glycogen of the liver. The effect of
      sucrose feeding on hepatic lipid metabolism depended on the sucrose level: 6-3H
      glucose incorporation into liver lipids increased after feeding with the ration
      containing 5% sucrose, while it was suppressed by 15% sucrose. 6-3H-glucose
      incorporation into glycogen of the liver was suppressed by both sucrose levels in
      the ration. U-14C-fructose incorporation into liver glycogen and lipids was not
      affected by sucrose feeding.

PMID- 3388808
TI  - [Effect of the total replacement of fats in the diet with a phospholipid
      concentrate on oxidative phosphorylation in liver mitochondria and the lipid
      composition of the plasma and liver in rats].
AB  - Experimental rats were given rations with 100% substitution of fats for
      phospholipid concentrate, during 1 and 3 months. It was found that such rations
      produced hypolipidemic and hypocholesterolemic effects, that were most pronounced
      at the end of the experiment. A control ration with sunflower oil containing high
      levels of unsaturated fatty acids induced accumulation of lipid peroxides in the
      hepatic tissue and blood plasma of the animals fed with the ration during 3
      months. The ration containing the phospholipid concentrate did not produce such
      an effect. The data obtained have evidenced a positive influence of the
      phospholipid concentrate on the lipid metabolism parameters studied.

PMID- 3388809
TI  - [Enzymatic activity of xenobiotic metabolism in rats with a varying body
      allowance of vitamin B1].
AB  - Vitamin B1 in rats induced in the liver elevation of activity of metabolic
      enzymes of xenobiotics bound with membranes (dimethylaniline N-demethylase,
      aniline n-hydroxylase, aryl esterase). At the same time activity of the
      cytoplasmatic enzymes alcohol dehydrogenase and glutathione-S-transferase was
      appreciably lowered. An additional load with thiamine (20 mg/kg) led to a drop in
      activity of the membrane-bound enzymes. Vitamin B1 deficiency modified the effect
      of the inductor phenobarbital. Additional administration of vitamin B1 to
      thiamine-deficient animals normalized the thiamine level in the liver, and
      activity of hydroxylase, aryl esterase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase, and
      significantly decreased demethylase activity. In vitamin B1-deficient animals
      high detergent concentrations significantly suppressed NADH-dichlorophenol
      indophenol-reductase activity, while low concentrations activated this enzyme as
      compared to the control.

PMID- 3388811
TI  - [Determination of the biological value of beef and rice proteins and their
      combinations].
AB  - The method of nitrogen balance was used to study the biological value (BV) of
      beef, rice and their combinations in growing male Wistar rats. To evaluate the
      quality of food proteins new parameters were used: potential biological value
      (BVp) and compensation coefficient (C). Group I-III rats were fed with boiled
      beef protein (the protein content was 5, 10 and 30%, respectively), group IV rats
      received 5% of rice protein, group V--20% of uncooked beef protein, group VI--a
      combination of rice and beef (1:2), group VII was also given a combination of
      rice and beef protein (1:1). The highest values of PER (gain in weight per 1 g of
      protein received), BVe (BV calculated experimentally) and NPU (natural protein
      utilization) were recorded in rats that received from 5 to 10% of beef protein.
      BVe of beef proved to be equal to BVp, and C was close to nul. A combination of
      rice and beef proteins in the ratio 1:1 had BVe equal to BVp of beef protein. The
      possibility of a new approach to the estimation of food protein quality has been
      proved.

PMID- 3388810
TI  - [Effect of feeding rice grown on highly saline soils treated with zinc salts on
      the vitamin status of the body].
AB  - The influence of the feeding of August rats with rice grown in highly saline
      soils, treated with different doses of industrial zinc salts, on the body
      providing with riboflavin, ascorbic acid, vitamins A, E and PP was studied. The
      meliorative-active matter was used in doses of 40 and 80 kg/hectare. The grain of
      the same sort grown under similar conditions but without the meliorative agent,
      served as control. It has been established that the feeding of the rats with rice
      grown in soils, treated with high doses of industrial zinc salts, produces
      unfavourable effect on the animals' body inducing serious disorders in vitamin
      metabolism.

PMID- 3388812
TI  - [Comparative analysis of the composition of the molecular forms of triglycerides
      in the fat of iwashi sardines and of traditional plant oils].
AB  - A comparative analysis of molecular forms of triglycerides (MFTG) isolated from
      iwashi sardine fat and from certain routine vegetable oils (sunflower and corn
      oils) has shown that MFTG from iwashi fat considerably outnumber those from
      vegetable oils. Most triglycerides from ivasi fat contain polyunsaturated fatty
      acids (PUSFA) of p-3 series, and with the increase of the molecular mass the
      amount of PUSFA decreases insignificantly.

PMID- 3388813
TI  - [Sublimation-dried mare's milk and the possibility of its use in creating infant
      and dietary food products].
AB  - The main biological parameters were studied in sublimated mare's milk: protein
      fraction composition, amino-acid spectrum, fatty-acid composition of lipids and
      the content of vitamins and mineral substances. A high biological value of the
      sublimated mare's milk has been proved, as well as significant proximity of its
      composition to human milk. Preliminary data have evidenced expediency of mare's
      milk use for the development of adapted milk mixtures for baby foods. However,
      the fatty component of the mixtures needs certain correction by addition of
      vegetable oil. The sublimated mare's milk can be used for the production of
      kumiss, that would extend its application in dietotherapy by removing season and
      territory limitations.

PMID- 3388815
TI  - [Analysis of the terminology of the science of nutrition].

PMID- 3388814
TI  - [Effect of the method of vitaminizing bread made from top-grade wheat flour on
      its thiamine, riboflavin and niacin content].
AB  - Preservation of thiamine, riboflavin and niacin was studied in bread baked either
      from best-grade wheat flour enriched with vitamins B1, B2 and PP at the mill, or
      after the vitamins were added to the dough at the bakery. It was established that
      during the bread baking the content of vitamins was decreased by 33.3-58.1% when
      the wheat flour was vitaminized at the mill, and by 17.0-38.7% when the vitamins
      were added to the dough at the bakery. The content of thiamine and niacin in the
      bread prepared from flour vitaminized at the mill conforms to the standards
      recommended by the Institute of Nutrition, Academy of Medical Sciences of the
      USSR, for wholesale sorts of bread.

PMID- 3388816
TI  - [Kumiss in the diet therapy of patients with nephrolithiasis].

PMID- 3388817
TI  - Pattern of immunoglobulin classes and IgG subclasses of platelet-associated
      immunoglobulin in HIV-seropositive haemophiliacs.
AB  - Abnormal amounts of platelet-associated immunoglobulins (PAIg) and seropositivity
      for HIV were demonstrated in 18 haemophiliacs suffering from thrombocytopenia of
      varying severity. Among 34 non-thrombocytopenic haemophiliacs seropositivity for
      HIV was found in association with increased levels of PAIg in 18 patients,
      whereas increased amounts of PAIg were seen only in 4 of the 16 patients
      seronegative for HIV. In most of the haemophiliacs with thrombocytopenia, the
      PAIg represented all classes of immunoglobulins and in half of the cases all
      subclasses of IgG, while in 33 patients with autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura
      (AITP), PAIg was IgG1 and IgM in most cases. Our data show a difference in the
      pattern of PAIg in AITP patients and in thrombocytopenic haemophiliacs
      seropositive for HIV. We suggest that the thrombocytopenia in haemophiliacs is
      related to the polyclonal B cell activation also found in other patients
      seropositive for HIV and perhaps indicative of AIDS-related complex.

PMID- 3388818
TI  - Plasminogen hemizygosity. Detection of a silent allele in 7 members of a family
      by determination of plasminogen phenotypes, antigenic levels, and functional
      activity.
AB  - The accumulation of the homozygous plasminogen (PLG) variant A3 in 4 siblings of
      a family led to the detection of 5 cases of apparent inverse homozygosity of PLG
      phenotypes which seemed to exclude paternity. Determination of 22 blood group
      markers and HLA typing, but under exclusion of PLG phenotypes, confirmed
      paternity in all cases (biostatistical probability of paternity greater than
      99.9985%). Comparing the results of 'Western blots' with functional-caseinolytic
      phenotyping, the existence of inactive plasmin, as described earlier, could be
      excluded. Besides inverse homozygosity the assumption of a silent allele was
      confirmed by reduction of PLG antigenic levels and functional activities to
      approximately 50% of normal range. The PLG phenotype A in 1 individual with
      anamnestic thrombosis, reduced values of PLG antigen, and reduced functional
      activity, although in accordance with Mendelian inheritance, was also considered
      as indicative for PLG hemizygosity.

PMID- 3388819
TI  - The mutants of the vitamin-D-binding protein: more than 120 variants of the
      GC/DBP system.
AB  - In this report 40 newly observed GC/DBP mutants are described. A list of the thus
      far identified GC mutants is presented: in addition to the three common alleles,
      a total of 124 Gc variants are recorded. Their population distribution is
      described and their relationship to the molecular features of the DBP protein is
      discussed. The methods currently in use for the delineation of GC mutants are
      briefly considered.

PMID- 3388820
TI  - Separable anti-T and anti-Tk lectins from the seeds of Vicia hyrcanica.
AB  - Separable anti-T and anti-Tk lectins can be extracted from the seeds of Vicia
      hyrcanica. The anti-T lectin is similar to that of the peanut, Arachis hypogaea;
      the anti-Tk lectin compares favourably with that of Griffonia simplicifolia II.

PMID- 3388821
TI  - Ways to reduce the risk of transmission of viral infections by plasma and plasma
      products. A comparison of methods, their advantages and disadvantages.

PMID- 3388822
TI  - Transmission of HIV by transfusion of ELISA-negative blood.

PMID- 3388824
TI  - Physicians' Cholesterol Education Program.

PMID- 3388823
TI  - Localization of the Lud antigen by immunoblotting.

PMID- 3388825
TI  - Obesity: sloth, gluttony or inborn error of metabolism?

PMID- 3388826
TI  - [Screening of dextranase-producing strains and comparison of their enzymatic
      properties].

PMID- 3388827
TI  - [A new species of Alcaligenes].

PMID- 3388828
TI  - [Analysis of degradative plasmids by pyrolysis gas liquid chromatography].

PMID- 3388829
TI  - [A new serotype of Salmonella].

PMID- 3388831
TI  - [Screening of temperature-sensitive mutants of Bacillus thuringiensis phages and
      the identification of its character].

PMID- 3388830
TI  - [Identification of Streptomyces S-254 which produces thrombin inhibitor].

PMID- 3388832
TI  - [Isolation and purification of mumps virus nucleocapsid and calculation of its
      RNA molecular weight].

PMID- 3388833
TI  - Contributions made by the University of the West Indies to health manpower in
      Eastern Caribbean countries.

PMID- 3388834
TI  - Acceptability of antenatal diagnosis for sickle-cell disease among Jamaican
      mothers and female patients.

PMID- 3388835
TI  - Serum cholinesterase levels of vector control workers in Trinidad, West Indies
      (1979-1982).

PMID- 3388836
TI  - The incidence of cutaneous larva migrans in Montserrat, Leeward Islands, West
      Indies.

PMID- 3388837
TI  - Cupping of the optic disc in the Jamaican population.

PMID- 3388838
TI  - Evaluation of thyroid nodules by fine needle aspiration cytology: a prospective
      study.

PMID- 3388840
TI  - Chronic meningococcaemia with sensorineural deafness in childhood.

PMID- 3388839
TI  - The assays of glycosylated proteins in haemoglobinopathies and their use in
      screening for diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 3388841
TI  - Benign biliary strictures.

PMID- 3388842
TI  - Choriocarcinoma presenting as a ruptured tubal ectopic pregnancy.

PMID- 3388843
TI  - Hepatitis B antibody levels in health-care workers of a large general hospital in
      Barbados.

PMID- 3388844
TI  - Immunoresponsiveness in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease--effect of
      colectomy and suppression of disease activity.
AB  - We evaluated the effect of medically induced symptomatic disease improvement on
      in vitro tests of cell-mediated immune responses in 33 patients with Crohn's
      disease. When results obtained in 17 patients with ulcerative colitis were
      compared with those of 10 patients with ulcerative colitis who had undergone a
      colectomy, no significant correlation was detected between individual clinical
      and laboratory variables or the Crohn's disease activity index and in vitro tests
      of cell-mediated immunity. A different pattern emerged from the longitudinal
      tests of cell-mediated immunity: when these test results were initially abnormal
      in patients with Crohn's disease, clinical improvement as assessed by the Crohn's
      disease activity index was associated with normalizing cell-mediated immunity. In
      contrast, when the test results were initially normal, clinical improvement was
      not associated with any change in the immune response. Following colectomy in
      patients with ulcerative colitis, some abnormalities of suppressed immune
      responses remained, although patients were cured of their disease. Factors other
      than clinical disease activity may be responsible for the suppressed
      immunoresponsiveness in some patients with inflammatory bowel disease, and
      variable changes in cell-mediated immunity occur after both surgical and medical
      treatment.

PMID- 3388845
TI  - Motor neuron disease in the Rocky Mountain region.
AB  - We saw 166 patients with motor neuron disease over a ten-year period, 116 with
      amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-111 sporadic and 5 familial-and 50 with progressive
      muscular atrophy. The age at onset varied widely, with the youngest mean onset
      occurring in the familial group. The most common presenting symptoms were leg or
      arm weakness and difficulty speaking or swallowing; fewer patients reported
      cramping, fasciculation, or fatigue. Mean survival time was less in familial
      cases, women, older patients, and in those with difficulty speaking and
      swallowing. A total of 50% of all patients were alive after four years; 13% were
      alive after ten years. Previous reports on the natural history of motor neuron
      disease may be overly pessimistic in suggesting that survival time rarely exceeds
      two years.

PMID- 3388846
TI  - Behcet's disease--provocative clues.

PMID- 3388847
TI  - The pathogenesis of acute left ventricular failure. The role of the pericardium.
AB  - These discussions are selected from the weekly staff conferences in the
      Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco. Taken from
      transcriptions, they are prepared by Drs Homer A. Boushey, Professor of Medicine,
      and David G. Warnock, Associate Professor of Medicine, under the direction of Dr
      Lloyd H. Smith, Jr, Professor of Medicine and Associate Dean in the School of
      Medicine. Requests for reprints should be sent to the Department of Medicine,
      University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA
      94143.

PMID- 3388848
TI  - The medical risks of cocaine.

PMID- 3388850
TI  - Blastomycosis in Saskatchewan.

PMID- 3388849
TI  - Chemically induced hepatitis after inhaling organic solvents.

PMID- 3388851
TI  - Barium appendicitis.

PMID- 3388852
TI  - Splenic pseudocysts--diagnosis and management.

PMID- 3388853
TI  - Acute renal failure due to rhabdomyolysis associated with cocaine toxicity.

PMID- 3388854
TI  - Substituting of generic drugs.

PMID- 3388855
TI  - Tricyclics and child and adolescent suicides.

PMID- 3388856
TI  - Categorization and regionalization of health care.

PMID- 3388857
TI  - Obstructive sleep apnea.

PMID- 3388858
TI  - Subspecialty differences in responding to patient death--comparing cardiologists
      with oncologists.
AB  - Cardiac deaths are more likely to be unanticipated than cancer deaths by
      patients, their families, and their physicians. We hypothesized that differing
      physician attitudes toward dying patients may affect the degree of expectation of
      death. To evaluate differences in attitudes and behaviors among subspecialists,
      we surveyed a randomly selected population of California subspecialists; 44 of
      136 (32%) of cardiologists and 91 of 167 (55%) of oncologists responded.
      Oncologists experienced three times as many deaths as cardiologists and reported
      having discussed code status more often with patients who died. Cardiologists'
      patients' deaths were more often unexpected and occurred more frequently in
      intensive care units. In addition, their patients were more likely to be given
      cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Oncologists reported being more comfortable
      dealing with dying patients and having less desire to avoid them. When presented
      with patient scenarios, however, cardiologists' and oncologists' responses were
      similar when discussing and estimating prognosis and likelihood of successful
      therapy.

PMID- 3388859
TI  - Mayan Indian health in Guatemala.

PMID- 3388860
TI  - Family practitioners' immunization consent practice. Washington State, 1986.
AB  - Of 400 Washington State family practitioners surveyed in 1986, 46% of those who
      give routine immunizations reported that they require written parental consent
      before administering vaccine. In all, 57% of respondents said they discuss
      diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis, measles-mumps-rubella, and oral polio vaccine with
      their patients. Nearly half provide written information on these immunizations,
      except for inactivated polio vaccine, for which fewer than 20% of the physicians
      surveyed provide verbal or written information.

PMID- 3388861
TI  - [Diagnosis of anisakiasis].

PMID- 3388862
TI  - [The biochemical effects of plerocercoids of the tapeworm Ligula intestinalis
      (L.) on the bream Abramis brama (L.)].

PMID- 3388863
TI  - [The metacercaria of Diplostomum pseudospathaceum Niewiadomska, 1984 and
      Diplostomum spathaceum (Rudolphi, 1819) in the ocular lens of fish and reactions
      of the lens to the presence of the parasites].

PMID- 3388864
TI  - [Leeches (Hirudinea), parasites of fish].

PMID- 3388865
TI  - [The relation between water temperature and intensity of infection of the bream
      with parasites of the genus Dactylogyrus].

PMID- 3388866
TI  - [Recent views on the taxonomic status of fish coccidia].

PMID- 3388867
TI  - [Coccidia of the stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus (L.)].

PMID- 3388868
TI  - [The occurrence of parasites in the bream (Abramis brama L.), roach (Rutilus
      rutilus L.) and perch (Stizostedion lucioperca L.) in the Wloclawek dam reservoir
      on the Vistula River].

PMID- 3388869
TI  - [Hirudinea of the peat bogs in the middle of the Warta River].

PMID- 3388870
TI  - [Sex offenses on minor girls. Pediatric gynecologic management].
AB  - This report on 24 cases of sex offences on girls under 14 years of age examined
      and treated at the 2nd University Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in
      Vienna covers the period between 1984 and 1987. Experience gained in these cases
      led to the development of a specially devised mode of management which ranges
      from guidelines on supplementary history taking to special examinations and deals
      in particular with the after care of these young girls, which is a largely
      neglected area. The responsibility of the examining gynaecologist towards the
      victim as well as towards the person suspected of a sex offence is stressed. An
      obvious change in the accompanying circumstances and their possible causes are
      discussed.

PMID- 3388871
TI  - [Activation-induced changes in visual functions].
AB  - Visual functions were tested in 18 healthy male medical students on a control day
      and on the day of an oral examination. Stress induced impairment was observed in
      binocular tests measuring accommodation, convergence or their mutual relationship
      (near points of accommodation and convergence, Maddox-wing). Results of tests in
      which fusion operates as stabilizing factor (slightly dissociating test:
      Polatest) or of tests designed for far distance vision (synoptophore, Maddox
      cross, Pola-cross) did not show significant impairment under examination stress.
      In slightly dissociating tests an activity-dependent improvement in stereoscopic
      vision became evident. Flicker fusion frequency values increased under stress.
      Colour vision analysis by means of the Nagel anomaloscope revealed that the
      absolute matching range remained unchanged, whereas the relative matching range
      broadened on the day of examination. The results indicate activity-dependence of
      binocular vision, with an improvement in central nervous functions on the one
      hand and an impairment of peripheral accommodative components on the other hand.
      Furthermore, it may be concluded that binocular coordination is achieved
      independently from accommodation dependent focusing of the image and is
      apparently processed separately and parallel to monocular image components.

PMID- 3388873
TI  - [Ethylene oxide-induced antibodies and hypersensitivity reactions in
      hemodialysis].
AB  - The presence of antibodies against ethylene oxide, which is used for
      sterilization of dialyzers, was evaluated in 52 hemodialysis patients (30 male,
      22 female). The aim of the prospective study was to evaluate a possible
      correlation of these antibodies with hypersensitivity reactions during
      hemodialysis. By means of a radio-allergo-sorbent-test (RAST) only 3.9% (2
      patients) were detected to have ethylene oxide antibodies. There was no
      significant correlation between antibodies on the one hand, and symptoms,
      eosinophilia and IgE-elevation on the other hand. We could not find ETO-induced
      hypersensitivity reactions in our study population. Thorough rinsing and
      sufficient storage time of the dialyzers might be the reasons for these findings.

PMID- 3388872
TI  - [Gliclazide in the non-insulin-dependent diabetic patient in geriatrics].
AB  - In the present open clinical pilot study of 12 months duration we tested the
      metabolic and hemato-biological efficacy as well as the clinical tolerance of the
      oral antidiabetic agent gliclazide, a second-generation sulfonylurea derivate, on
      a group of 20 hospitalized geriatric patients (mean age 80.5 +/- 10.2 years).
      Gliclazide was proven to be a reliable blood-sugar lowering agent with a
      generally good subjective tolerance. There were no undesired side-effects on the
      renal, hepatic and hematopoietic systems.

PMID- 3388874
TI  - [Dementia].
AB  - This report briefly reviews the clinical diagnosis of dementia, including the
      most important problems of differential diagnosis. General guidelines of therapy
      are presented with special reference to the modification of secondary factor
      which may contribute to the severity of dementia and to psychosocial approaches
      in the management of patients.

PMID- 3388876
TI  - Medical assistants.

PMID- 3388875
TI  - [Report of experience with stomach-protective therapy in high-dosage
      corticosteroid treatment of patients with brain tumors].
AB  - Inspite of the controversial opinions on the ulcerogenicity of corticosteroids,
      an accompanying ulcus preventive therapy in all patients receiving high-dosage
      dexamethasone is carried out at the Neurological University Clinic, Vienna. A
      total of 120 patients suffering from brain tumors was included in this study. In
      consecutive order of their admission to the clinic, patients received sucralfate
      (4 g/day), ranitidinhydrochloride (336 mg/day), or raniditinhydrochloride and
      pirenzepindihydrochloride (100 mg/day), respectively. However, patient groups
      were comparable with regard to age- and sex-distribution, duration of therapy,
      perioperative circumstances and average cortisone dosage. Clinical investigations
      were carried out according to the standard manner. Laboratory controls were done
      at the entry of the patient, perioperative and within a postoperative period of 5
      to 7 days. In all three patient groups clinical findings and subjective
      complaints were not different. Typical gastrointestinal symptoms in conjunction
      with a positive hemoccult-test was found in one patient. Medication-caused side
      effects and incompatibilities never were observed. A sufficient gastric
      protection was achieved regardless of the different mechanisms of actions of the
      various drugs administered. Metabolism-, fluid- and electrolyte disturbances are-
      apart from the neurological and neurosurgical complications--the main problems in
      these patients.

PMID- 3388877
TI  - A descriptive analysis of elderly Wisconsin physicians' practice satisfaction.

PMID- 3388878
TI  - Cryosurgical correction of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome using the closed heart
      technique.

PMID- 3388880
TI  - Patients pay nursing home bills.

PMID- 3388879
TI  - Loss prevention corner.

PMID- 3388881
TI  - Standard setting: the next challenge.

PMID- 3388882
TI  - A threat to biomedical research.

PMID- 3388883
TI  - Moonlighting.

PMID- 3388884
TI  - Radon as an environmental hazard in Wisconsin: a basic guide.

PMID- 3388885
TI  - Loss prevention corner. Physicians, their families, and stress.

PMID- 3388886
TI  - New AIDS model proposed at SMS conference.

PMID- 3388887
TI  - Child abuse.

PMID- 3388888
TI  - [Singultus, its origin and termination].

PMID- 3388889
TI  - [Hearing disorders in dialysis patients].

PMID- 3388890
TI  - [Experience in preventing stomach cancer].

PMID- 3388891
TI  - [Analysis of ophthalmologic treatment in ambulatory care].

PMID- 3388893
TI  - [15 years' training in emergency medicine].

PMID- 3388892
TI  - [Expanded medical management of families in the capital city of Berlin. 2:
      Concepts of specialists in general medicine].

PMID- 3388894
TI  - [Major trends of legislation in East Germany for the development of health
      protection and medical and social health care].

PMID- 3388895
TI  - [Classification of distal radius fractures].

PMID- 3388896
TI  - [Computerized tomography of intracavitary thromboses].

PMID- 3388898
TI  - [House calls by the pediatrician--yes or no].

PMID- 3388897
TI  - [Spontaneous atraumatic esophageal rupture (Boerhaave syndrome)].

PMID- 3388899
TI  - [The problem of AIDS].

PMID- 3388900
TI  - [Comparison of parietal smear cytology (nose/bronchus) with bronchoalveolar
      lavage in children with asthma and chronic bronchitis].
AB  - The aim of the study was the cytologic evaluation of both the analysis of nasal
      and bronchus smears compared with that of the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). 137
      children (age: 4.8 years; 4 months - 17 years) with chronic nonspecific
      respiratory diseases (CNSRD) undergoing bronchologic examinations in general
      anesthesia were divided into 4 groups: relapsing bronchitis (n = 19), chronic
      bronchitis (n = 26), relapsing or chronic obstructive bronchitis (n = 81) and
      bronchial asthma (n = 11). Only the smear cytograms (nose, bronchus) enabled to
      detect allergic patients with bronchial asthma (p less than 0.001) in form of a
      significant eosinophilia. In contrast, BAL cytograms were too insensitive to
      detect eosinophilia. The BAL may be helpful in cases of interstitial lung
      diseases (sarcoidosis, alveolitis, lung fibrosis).

PMID- 3388901
TI  - The effect of endoscopic examinations of the respiratory tract and of the
      esophagus on the cardiac action.
AB  - On the basis of 40 children examined in the Apathy Children's Hospital the
      influence of endoscopies of the airways and of the esophagus are discussed. As an
      important conclusion it is stated that a proper premedication with atropin and a
      good team-work minimize complications.

PMID- 3388903
TI  - Long-term oxygen therapy at home--experience in Poland.
AB  - Introduction of long-term oxygen therapy in Poland with the use of oxygen
      concentrators is presented. Organizational scheme, selection criteria of patients
      suitable for long-term oxygen therapy at home, and supervision of treatment are
      described.

PMID- 3388902
TI  - [Behavior of respiratory tract, esophagus and pulmonary artery pressure in
      bronchoscopies in normofrequent jet ventilation in comparison with Friedel's
      ventilation technics].
AB  - The dynamics of selected physiological respiratory parameters were studied in a
      total of 29 patients. During slight hyperventilation and good oxygenation by both
      Friedel's and jet ventilation (driving pressure 0.3 and 0.4 MPa, respectively),
      comparably low respiratory tract pressures were observed. Transmission to
      intrathoracic (44-46%) and mean pulmonary artery pressure (11-13%) indicates only
      a low-grade ventilation-induced hemodynamic influence. By contrast, clear
      increases in pulmonary artery pressure due to intubation were recorded. Thus, the
      employed normofrequent jet ventilation with its continuous open-tube ventilation
      which is independent of the undisturbed bronchological examination possesses
      beneficial properties from a cardiorespiratory view.

PMID- 3388904
TI  - Fluorine urinary excretion and measurement in man and animals.

PMID- 3388905
TI  - [Selenium and zinc levels in the serum of chronic alcoholics].

PMID- 3388906
TI  - [Glutathione peroxidase activity, selenium and lipid peroxide concentration in
      the blood of workers in a petroleum refinery].

PMID- 3388907
TI  - [Some biometric problems of model search in multidimensional contingency table
      analysis].

PMID- 3388908
TI  - [Methodologic example of the statistical analysis of epidemiologic data using
      microcomputer programs].

PMID- 3388909
TI  - [Use of the personal computer in the analysis of occupational diseases].

PMID- 3388910
TI  - [Experiences in the evaluation of 2 case control studies with perpetrators of
      railway accidents].

PMID- 3388911
TI  - [Health relevance of test benzine in machine cleaners in the machine tool
      industry].

PMID- 3388912
TI  - [Developmental trends in epidemiology].

PMID- 3388913
TI  - [Current status and developmental trends of the specialty of internal medicine-
      the status of the East German Society of Internal Medicine].

PMID- 3388914
TI  - [Blood coagulation inhibitors and thrombosis].
AB  - Pathological inhibitors of the coagulation which are recognized by characteristic
      laboratory findings may cause an increased inclination to haemorrhage, may be
      clinically mute or also may effect an increased inclination to thrombosis (lupus
      inhibitors). It is reported on patients with rare coagulation inhibitors, a
      pathologic antithrombin with normal reptilase time and an antithromboplastin with
      protracted effect, in which thromboses appeared. The occurrence of thromboses in
      these patients up to now does not allow the assumption of an effect of these
      inhibitor substances furthering thrombosis, but only the statement that despite
      coagulation-analytically recognizable inhibition effects the development of a
      thrombosis is not prevented. A prophylactic factor substitution in operative
      interventions is not indicated.

PMID- 3388915
TI  - [Internal medicine treatment of pleural empyema].
AB  - We made a retrospective analysis with regard to the bacteriology and to the
      therapy of all patients with pleural empyema who were treated in the district
      lung hospital from 1. 1. 1982-31. 12. 1986. 92 patients had a non-specific
      empyema, only 3 patients had a specific empyema. All patients were aspirated
      repeatedly with physiological saline solution instillation and antimicrobic drug
      instillation in the pleural cavity. This daily aspiration and lavage was
      successfully in 65 patients. This method was ineffective in 30 patients. We
      treated 7 patients of this group by the closed drainage (rubber-tube drain), in 4
      patients successfully. 3 patients had to be treated by a surgical operation. An
      insufficient obliteration of the cavity of empyema occurred also in 23 patients
      of this group. A systematic daily aspiration for a longer time led to regression
      of the cavity in 4 cases, whereas a surgical operation was necessary in 19
      patients. We consider the daily aspiration and lavage as an effective method in
      patients in early acute stages of empyema.

PMID- 3388916
TI  - [General status in relation to age, sex, health and internal diseases].
AB  - As a rule the general state of health changes with age. Differences of sex are
      found, particularly in persons, who remain healthy. Already for a long time
      before later diseases considerable deteriorations in the general state of health
      develop.

PMID- 3388917
TI  - [Hereditary elliptocytosis with detection of a membrane protein defect of
      erythrocytes].
AB  - It is reported on a 33-year-old patient whose diagnosis "hereditary
      elliptocytosis" has been ensured by typical findings. References to a structural
      defect of erythrocyte membrane proteins resulted from the SDS-gel
      electrophoresis. A splenectomy improved the subjective and objective symptoms
      distinctly.

PMID- 3388918
TI  - [Primary extranodular non-Hodgkin's lymphomas--observations on etiopathogenesis,
      histology and prognosis].
AB  - The total non-Hodgkin's lymphoma-population treated between 1978 and 1986 by
      means of radiotherapy or combined chemo/radiotherapy was analysed as to primary
      extranodular manifestation. 39 cases, 16 women and 23 men, were observed (stage
      IE 12, stage IIE 22 and stage IIIE 5). Immunoblastic (10), lymphoblastic (9) and
      centroblastic (6) lymphomas are the most frequent with respect to histology.
      Gastroenteron (16) and otorhinolaryngological region (13) are in the lead with
      regard to localisation. 5-year-survival-rates are determined in dependence on
      clinical stage: IE 65.8%, IIE 39.2% (low, connected with the proportion of high
      malignant histology) and IIIE 25.0%. The 5-year-survival-rate of primary
      gastrointestinal manifestation amounted to 51.5%. With respect to
      aetiopathogenesis of primary extranodular lymphomas gut-, mucosa- and bronchial
      associated lymphoid tissue, aberrant lymph-nodes and the influence of viral- and
      immunologic factors seem to be important.

PMID- 3388919
TI  - [Nutritional problems in patients treated with chronic dialysis].
AB  - A food with a protein content of 100-110 g a day determined for dialysis patients
      was analysed for total weight, water content, protein content, energy content,
      potassium content and phosphate content during 13 days. During this time 152
      individual nutritive substances were offered, which were classified into the
      group of meats and sausages, egg, milk, milk-products, bakery-goods, potatoes and
      vegetables. It is to be stated that highly significant positive correlations
      between the weight of the daily taken food and its content of water, protein,
      energy, potassium and phosphate are existing, whereby a quantity of 1 kg a day is
      preferred. For the daily protein intake of 1.0-1.5 g/body weight-1.-d1 required
      in patients with chronic dialysis treatment, dependent upon dialysis technique
      and nutritional state, this simultaneously means a dependence of the total
      quantity of food to be taken in upon body weight, which again has effects on the
      dialysis regime and the ultrafiltration, since a more or less intensive intake of
      water, potassium and phosphate is connected with this. The removal of catabolic
      conditions is a scarcely soluble problem above all in dialysis patients with high
      optimum weight, by which the often existing inappetence inhibits the necessary
      increased food intake. The is furthermore rendered difficult in the peritoneal
      dialysis with peritonitis, since the ultrafiltration is reduced by the
      inflammation so that the water taken in with food cannot be excreted in a
      necessary degree.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3388920
TI  - [Local intra-arterial fibrinolytic therapy in acute vascular occlusions in the
      area of the internal carotid artery].
AB  - Report on the first experiences with the local intraarterial streptokinase
      therapy in 5 patients with acute obliteration processes of the vascular system of
      the internal carotid artery. Two peripheral obliterations (occlusions of the main
      branch of the media) could be completely recanalised, with complete regression of
      the neurological symptomatology. In one of the three complete occlusions of the
      internal carotid artery (region of the siphon) a considerable partial
      recanalisation could be achieved. A fourth patient could be dismissed with an
      essential clinical improvement 11 days later despite angiographic persistence of
      the occlusion. Two patients died. As directive value for the dosage from 50,000
      to 100,000 units streptokinase are proposed as short-term infusion in 30 to 60
      minutes.

PMID- 3388921
TI  - [Technic of fine needle aspiration cytology of the thyroid gland: coagulation
      inhibiting and stabilizing additives].
AB  - In the fine needle aspiration cytology of the thyroid gland by the moistening of
      cannule and syringe with heparin or citric sodium rather disadvantages for the
      evaluation are the result. Artificial changes are most clearly to be seen in
      heparin. ACD-buffer does indeed not bring about any artefacts, does, however,
      also not show any provable advantages. In the fine needle biopsy the additives
      mentioned are entirely avoidable.

PMID- 3388922
TI  - [Self-protective measures in the emergency service in relation to the HIV
      problem].

PMID- 3388923
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of the potencies of external corticoids with various test
      methods].
AB  - In order to classify the new topical preparations amcinonide cream and
      prednicarbate cream according to the order of potency laid down by the EEC
      commission, we performed a number of test series in healthy young persons.
      Betamethasone valerate cream, clobestasol propionate cream, flumethasone pivalate
      cream, hydrocortisone butyrate cream, and hydrocortisone cream were comparatively
      tested. In addition, we included a cream base without any active substances in
      every test series. By means of the vasoconstriction test we were able to
      establish the order of rank according to potency starting from clobetasol
      propionate to hydrocortisone. Thus amcinonide was classified as a very strong
      corticoid preparation, whereas prednicarbate turned out to be moderately strong.
      The differences in potency between clobetasol propionate and amcinonide on the
      one hand and prednicarbate, flumethasone pivalate and hydrocortisone on the other
      hand were definitely proved (p less than 0.01). Further comparative studies were
      conducted on the basis of the kerosene test, the sorbic acid test, the prick test
      with codeine, and the anthralin inflammatory test. Moreover, the preparations
      underwent the formic acid test. The rank orders displayed in the individual tests
      largely agreed with that obtained by the vasoconstriction test. The exact
      differences in potency, however, were not as easy to define with the inflammatory
      tests. Thus the vasoconstriction test must still be considered an excellent
      screening technique with regard to the selection of corticoid preparations.
      Subsequently, these preparations should be investigated by means of clinical
      tests according to their ascertained potencies.

PMID- 3388924
TI  - [Profilometry, a method for the assessment of the therapeutic effectiveness of
      Kamillosan ointment].
AB  - Experimentally induced toxic contact dermatitis was topically treated with 3
      different ointments (Kamillosan ointment, Kamillosan ointment base. 0.1%
      hydrocortisone acetate). The structural changes of the epidermal surface were
      studied by means of profilometry. According to our results, Kamillosan ointment
      is remarkably superior to other reference products with regard to its soothing
      effect on human skin.

PMID- 3388925
TI  - [Results of a study of the resorption of bufexamac following rectal
      administration].
AB  - 12 patients suffering from hemorrhoidal complaints were treated with hemorrhoidal
      suppositories containing Proctoparf-bufexamac. Using the HPCL method, we measured
      the concentrations of bufexamac in the serum after 30, 45 and 60 minutes as well
      as after 2, 3, 6, 7.5 and 20 hours. Neither bufexamac nor its major metabolite (4
      butoxyphenyl acetic acid) could be detected in concentrations above 0.2
      micrograms/ml and 0.5 micrograms/ml, respectively. These results prove that the
      application of Proctoparf suppositories is not associated with any significant
      systemic absorption of bufexamac.

PMID- 3388926
TI  - [Linear circumscribed scleroderma--case report. Classification and
      differentiation of circumscribed scleroderma].
AB  - In linear scleroderma, a rare form of circumscribed scleroderma, the lesions are
      arranged in a band-shaped linear distribution and both the superficial and the
      deeper layers of the skin are attached to the underlying structures. This disease
      must principally be differentiated from eosinophilic fasciitis (Shulman's
      syndrome). On the basis of the clinical and laboratory data, systemic scleroderma
      can be excluded in nearly all the cases. Nevertheless, patients with linear
      scleroderma might develop systemic scleroderma or other systemic diseases of the
      connective tissue even after years. As a consequence, thorough physical
      examination as well as laboratory evaluation is necessary over a long follow-up
      period. We introduce a new classification of circumscribed scleroderma.

PMID- 3388927
TI  - [Multiple clear cell acanthomas].
AB  - Multiple clear cell acanthomas were observed on the legs of a 77-year-old male
      patient. Some of the tumors showed a tendency to aggregate in a circumscribed
      area on his right lower leg. The multiple occurrence of these benign epidermal
      tumors is extremely rare; moreover, there has not been observed any tendency to
      aggregation so far.

PMID- 3388929
TI  - [Do dysplastic nevi exist?].

PMID- 3388928
TI  - [Etretinate therapy in solitary keratoacanthomas].
AB  - In an open clinical trial, 5 patients suffering from solitary centrofacial
      keratoacanthoma were treated with etretinate. The dosage was 1,5 mg/kg body
      weight. All patients showed complete healing after 4-5 weeks of therapy. There
      were no recurrences within 3 months after therapy.

PMID- 3388930
TI  - [Differential cytology of malignant melanoma].
AB  - On the basis of 285 fine needle biopsies and smear preparations of malignant
      melanoma (both primaries and metastases), we present a catalogue of highly
      characteristic cytologic features: dissociation of melanoma cells, excessive
      dimension of the tumor cells, characteristic staining of the cytoplasm, structure
      of the nucleus, features of the nucleoli, aberrations of mitoses and amitoses.
      With the help of the cytologic catalogue, we are able to differentiate melanoma
      in a contrasting way from other diseases such as pigmented seborrheic keratosis,
      basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and various lymphomas. Thus the
      differential cytology of malignant melanoma can be referred to for general
      criteria of malignancy on the one hand, as well as for the diagnosis of the
      specific tumor type and the epicrisis of uncertain histologic aspects on the
      other.

PMID- 3388931
TI  - [The pretherapeutic phase of malignant melanoma of the skin. Analysis and
      suggestions for improvements in early diagnosis].
AB  - 138 patients suffering from histologically proven malignant melanoma of the skin
      were questioned about the period of time that had elapsed between recognizing the
      tumor and seeing a doctor. The average time was 331 days, but there was
      considerable variation. The main reason for the delay in seeking medical advice
      was a lack of knowledge concerning the nature of malignant melanoma. The
      patient's social background was the determining factor in how much time went by
      until he saw a physician. 20% of the melanomas were coincidental findings. The
      time which elapsed between seeing a doctor and initiation of therapy was 179 days
      on the average. This period largely depended on the specialization of the
      physician and the kind of evaluation given. Our analysis should help to shorten
      the time which elapses between recognition of the tumor by the patient and
      initiation of treatment by the physician. A reduction of this period should
      improve the prognosis of malignant melanoma.

PMID- 3388932
TI  - [Flexion contracture of the upper ankle joint from its phlebologic aspects].
AB  - We report on talipes equinus as a consequence of chronical venous insufficiency,
      stage IV, and the therapeutic approaches. We describe in detail the autogenous
      mobilization of the proximal ankle joint. Regular measurements of the degree of
      ankylosis can objectify the findings, control the course of therapy, and motivate
      the patients.

PMID- 3388933
TI  - [Osteosis cutis multiplex, an organoid nevus?].
AB  - We report on a 71-year-old woman suffering from histologically proved osteosis
      cutis multiplex (Arzt's disease). The differential diagnosis includes multiple
      milia, closed comedones and hidradenomas. We discuss various etiopathologic
      concepts and a nevogenic origin in particular.

PMID- 3388934
TI  - [Poppy seed allergy].
AB  - A patient with an immediate type hypersensitivity reaction against poppy seed is
      reported. Clinical symptoms consisted of swelling of the oral mucosa, vomiting,
      respiratory distress, and urticaria. Specific IgE antibodies were demonstrable by
      RAST.

PMID- 3388935
TI  - [Uni- and bipolar 2-chamber stimulation with a DDD system of programmable
      polarity].
AB  - In order to compare bi- (b) and unipolar (u) stimulation, sensing and electrical
      interference, twelve patients were followed over a period of ten months. The
      implanted device was the CPI Delta 925, programmable to the bi- and unipolar mode
      in the atrium (a) as well as in the ventricle (v). A CPI-4266 screw-in lead
      positioned in the atrium and a CPI-4260 hook lead placed in the ventricle were
      connected to the pacemaker. Intraoperatively determined were: (1) the threshold
      at pulse durations of 0.1 ms, of 0.5 ms and of 1.0 ms, (2) the P/QRS-amplitude,
      (3) the slew-rate and (4) the resistance in both the bi- and unipolar mode.
      Having programmed the atrial sensitivity to 0.25 mV or to 0.75 mV and the
      ventricular sensitivity to 0.5 mV or to 1.5 mV, we postoperatively examined and
      compared in the two modes of polarity the threshold (2.2 V and 5 V), the P/QRS
      amplitude and finally the electrical interference triggered with the help of
      chest wall stimulation. All measurements were performed one day, four weeks and
      four months after implantation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3388936
TI  - [Body movement as pacemaker induction value: comparison of 2 activity-triggered
      pacemakers].
AB  - This article compares the rate behavior of the activity-triggered pacemakers, the
      Activitrax (A) and the Sensolog (S), during bench tests as well as in patients
      under defined ergometric conditions and during every day life with special
      reference to the susceptibility of both systems to external noise. In the bench
      tests both pacemakers were mounted on a swingbord and subjected to controlled
      vibrational force. In the first experiment the frequency, in the second
      experiment the energy was varied. In two groups, one with S, one with A
      implanted, each consisting of 10 patients, the discriminating power of workload
      changes was examined under defined treadmill exercise. Furthermore in 5 patients
      of each group the rate behavior of S and A under daily life conditions and during
      common environmental noise was registered using Holter-ECG. In the bench tests S
      and A displayed a frequency-selective mode of operation between 2 Hz and 70 Hz
      with the highest sensitivity (resonance frequency) at 10 Hz. In patients, S
      showed a significantly higher discriminating power to changes of workload under
      treadmill exercise. According to y = 0.27x + 85.8 (r = 0.92) the relationship
      between the pacing rate of S and the power was linear whereas with y = 0.04x +
      89.8 (r = 0.2) the pacing rate of A was almost independent of the given power.
      The susceptibility to external noise occurring during riding a car, streetcar or
      train with rate increases between 7 ppm and 12 ppm did not significantly differ
      in both systems.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3388937
TI  - [Behavior of central venous blood temperature in short duration and repeated
      stress--possibilities for temperature controlled frequency-adapted pacemaker
      stimulation].
AB  - Although an exercise-induced increase in blood temperature has been well-known
      for some time, there was still some doubt whether the change in central venous
      blood temperature with short-lasting and repetitive physical exercise can be
      measured and utilized by a temperature controlled pacing system. We studied the
      central venous blood temperature with short-lasting and repetitive exercise in
      ten healthy young volunteers and in ten pacemaker patients. The blood temperature
      was measured intracardially while they walked upstairs. A height of 20 m was
      covered within 100 +/- 5 s. An oxygen uptake of 27 ml/min/kg was calculated for
      this level of exercise. After walking upstairs once, the volunteers had an
      increase in central venous blood temperature of 0.3 degrees C and the pacemaker
      patients of 0.37 degrees C. After walking upstairs three times, the volunteers
      had an overall rise in blood temperature of 0.67 degrees C and the pacemaker
      patients of 0.86 degrees C. Thus, the central venous blood temperature shows a
      pronounced, measurable increase with short-lasting exercise as well. However, the
      rises in blood temperature accumulate with repetitive exercise, as the duration
      of exercise (100 s) when walking upstairs once is not sufficient for a new level
      of temperature to be reached according to the level of exercise. Thus, a
      temperature controlled pacing system should take these complex changes into
      consideration.

PMID- 3388938
TI  - [Color Doppler echocardiography and radionuclide ventriculography in aortic and
      mitral valve insufficiency].
AB  - In 99 stable patients with auscultatory findings of aortic (n = 52) or mitral
      regurgitation (n = 47), the regurgitant fraction was determined by radionuclide
      ventriculography (RNV). In addition, color-coded Doppler echocardiography (CDE)
      was performed to assess semi-quantitatively the severity of valve incompetence.
      In aortic regurgitation, the results of both methods concurred in 73% of cases.
      With CDE, the regurgitation was underestimated in 10% by one class and
      overestimated in 17% by one class. In mitral regurgitation the results concurred
      only in 60% of the patients. CDE seemed to overestimate the incompetence, by one
      class, in 19% and to underestimate the lesion in 21% of the patients. In 2/47
      patients the difference was more than one class. In conclusion, both noninvasive
      methods are applicable to assess the severity of mitral and aortic regurgitation.
      The RNV appears superior in follow-up assessment because of a slightly better
      reproducibility and investigator-independence.

PMID- 3388939
TI  - [Improving color Doppler echocardiography of the right heart chambers following
      intravenous injection of SHU 454].
AB  - The echocardiographic contrast agent SHU 454 provides microbubbles of defined
      size (median 3 micron) in a solution of galactose and is available in different
      reproducible concentrations. In 22 patients with suspected tricuspid
      regurgitation, color flow mapping (CFM) Doppler echocardiography was performed
      before and after intravenous injection of 2-4 ml SHU 454. Without SHU 454 the
      diastolic blood flow was imaged on 13.6 +/- 7.5% (mean value + standard
      deviation) of the cross sectional area of the right ventricle (four-chamber view)
      in comparison to 39.0 +/- 15.0% with SHU 454 (p less than 0.001). For the right
      atrium, the area analyzed by CFM increased from 9.4 +/- 12.9% to 62.4 +/- 25.3%
      (p less than 0.001). The interindividual variability of measurements after
      injection of SHU 454 was 5.9 +/- 4.0% as compared to 10.7 +/- 6.9% without SHU
      454 (p less than 0.05). These findings demonstrate that intravenous SHU 454
      administration increases the detection of blood flow by CFM within the right
      heart.

PMID- 3388940
TI  - [Noninvasive diagnosis of bilocular left atrial and right ventricular myxoma of
      the heart].
AB  - Bilateral cardiac myxomas are very rare and therefore mostly overlooked. In most
      cases the diagnosis has been made intraoperatively or at postmortem examination.
      We report on a 60-year-old woman with a left atrial and right ventricular myxoma
      where diagnosis was made by echocardiography and computer tomography, and
      confirmed histologically after successful surgical and therapeutic aspects are
      discussed.

PMID- 3388941
TI  - [Lyme borreliosis--a possible cause of atrioventricular block].
AB  - Eight cases of Lyme borreliosis of clinical certainty with carditis are reported.
      In six patients, AV-blocks were predominant, two patients had a myopericarditis.
      Six acute cases were seropositive, but one case remained seronegative. The titer
      was border-line in that patient, who was studied 4 years after the acute disease.
      A Lyme carditis should be considered in each case, in which AV-blocks appear
      acutely.

PMID- 3388942
TI  - The filum terminale. A morphological study in the cat.

PMID- 3388943
TI  - Semipermeable membranes for histochemical demonstration of enzyme activities in
      tissue sections.

PMID- 3388944
TI  - Calmodulin inhibitors induce wallerian degeneration of mammalian peripheral
      nerves.

PMID- 3388945
TI  - Elastic fiber system in the vocal ligament of the Wistar rat.

PMID- 3388946
TI  - The fine structure of the fat-storing cell (Ito cell) in the liver of some
      reptiles.

PMID- 3388947
TI  - [Involution of the villi in the fetal large intestine and the occurrence of
      intraepithelial meconium corpuscles].

PMID- 3388948
TI  - [Correlation between gonadotrope and chromophobe cells of the bovine pituitary
      gland on the basis of special ultrastructural features].

PMID- 3388949
TI  - [Lysosomal hydrolases in rat visceral yolk-sac epithelium after culture in
      various serum-containing media. Histo- and biochemical studies].

PMID- 3388950
TI  - [Ultrastructure and cytochemistry of rat visceral yolk-sac epithelium after
      culture in various serum-containing media].

PMID- 3388951
TI  - [Marking of blood cells with a lectin-carbohydrate complex. Extended functional
      diagnosis of blood smears].

PMID- 3388952
TI  - Hair germs in the skin of adult wild Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout,
      1769).

PMID- 3388953
TI  - Prenatal development of the renal corpuscle of dromedary camel as revealed by
      scanning electron microscopy.

PMID- 3388954
TI  - Lentinellic acid, a biologically active protoilludane derivative from Lentinellus
      species (Basidiomycetes).
AB  - A new antimicrobial and cytotoxic sesquiterpenoid, lentinellic acid, has been
      isolated from submerged cultures of Lentinellus ursinus and L. omphalodes. The
      structure of the antibiotic was elucidated by spectroscopic methods and a single
      crystal X-ray analysis. 1 may be formed biogenetically by condensation of a
      protoilludane aldehyde 4 with a malonate unit.

PMID- 3388955
TI  - Phytochemical investigation of roots of Pterocarpus marsupium. Isolation and
      structural studies of two new flavanone glycosides.
AB  - From the roots of Pterocarpus marsupium 7-Hydroxy-6, 8-dimethyl flavanone-7-O
      alpha-L-arabinopyranoside and 7,8,4'-trihydroxy-3', 5'-dimethoxy flavanone-4'-O
      beta-D-glucopyranoside have been isolated and their structure elucidated.

PMID- 3388956
TI  - Solution conformations of some acyclo nucleoside and nucleotide analogues of
      antiviral acyclonucleosides, and their substrate/inhibitor properties in several
      enzyme systems.
AB  - Chemical and enzymatic procedures have been employed for the preparation of
      various phosphorylated derivatives of the acyclonucleoside 9-(1,3-dihydroxy-2
      propoxymethyl)adenine, an analogue of the active antiviral agent 9-(1,3-dihydroxy
      2-propoxymethyl)guanine (DHPG). In combination with the previously reported 2',3'
      seco nucleosides and their phosphates and cyclic phosphates (Stolarski et al., Z.
      Naturforsch. 41c, 758-770, 1986), this made available a broad class of
      acyclonucleosides and nucleotides, the acyclic moieties of which are capable of
      mimicking the ribose and 2'-deoxyribose rings. The solution conformations of the
      foregoing were determined with the aid of 1H, 13C and 31P NMR, and compared with
      those of DHPG and 9-(hydroxyethoxymethyl)guanine (Acyclovir, ACV). Particular
      attention was devoted to conformations about C-O bonds in different acyclic
      fragments, which demonstrated well-defined differences between 2',3'-seco
      derivatives on the one hand (conformational "rigidity") and derivatives with DHP
      and AC acyclic chains on the other (rotation about the C(1')-O(4') bond). The
      overall results are in good general agreement with reported crystal structures,
      and are compared with those obtained by quantum mechanical calculations. The
      conformational features of the various compounds are also discussed in relation
      to their substrate and/or inhibitor properties in a number of enzyme systems,
      including adenosine deaminase, phosphodiesterases, nuclease P1,3'-nucleotidase
      and herpes virus type 1 thymidine kinase.

PMID- 3388958
TI  - Nobel Symposium 69. The vaccines of the future. August 23-26 1987, Karlskoga,
      Sweden. Proceedings.

PMID- 3388959
TI  - Physicians have major stake in crime victims' compensation program.

PMID- 3388960
TI  - Proposal for a system based on the patient-physician relationship.

PMID- 3388957
TI  - Interaction of testosterone and testosterone receptor complexes with nuclei of
      skeletal muscle from intact male mice and from mice bearing the testicular
      feminization (Tfm) mutant gene.
AB  - With the nuclear exchange assay and the nuclear retention assay it is shown that
      the androgen insensitivity of Tfm mice is probably due to a defect of the nuclear
      acceptor sites for the testosterone receptor complex. Further on the results
      obtained point strongly to the possibility that hormone free androgen receptor is
      localized in the nuclei and in the cytoplasma according to the "equilibrium
      model". A practicable method for separation of unbound steroids from nuclei is
      described.

PMID- 3388961
TI  - Toxic epidermal necrolysis: lethal drug reaction.

PMID- 3388962
TI  - The AIDS challenge: clinical care, testing, education, research.

PMID- 3388963
TI  - A decade of research in head injury.

PMID- 3388964
TI  - Treatment of burn shock.

PMID- 3388965
TI  - [Phytopharmaceutics, today and also tomorrow?].

PMID- 3388966
TI  - [Neurophysiological mechanisms of alcoholic motivation].

PMID- 3388967
TI  - [Neurobiological aspects of alcoholism].

PMID- 3388968
TI  - [Biological basis of the screening of drugs for differentiated pharmacotherapy of
      alcoholism].

PMID- 3388969
TI  - [Alcohol and heredity].

PMID- 3388970
TI  - [Biochemical approach to the correction of the predisposition to alcoholism].

PMID- 3388971
TI  - [Clinical problems of alcoholism].

PMID- 3388972
TI  - [Current status of scientific research on alcoholism].

PMID- 3388973
TI  - [The effect of alcoholism on reproductive functions].

PMID- 3388974
TI  - [Brain damage in the etiology of fetal alcohol syndrome].

PMID- 3388975
TI  - [Cardiac lesions in alcoholism].

PMID- 3388976
TI  - [The use of indicators of toxicokinetics in the hygienic standardization of the
      substances].

PMID- 3388977
TI  - [Food contamination by emissions from dry cleaning compounds].
AB  - Tetrachloroethene (perchloroethylene) from dry-cleaning units may contaminate
      adjacent flats in the same building. Increased concentrations of
      tetrachloroethene have been found in foodstuffs in homes situated above dry
      cleaning units and in foodstuffs from groceries located neat drycleaning units.
      The concentrations were extremely high in foods rich in fat.

PMID- 3388978
TI  - First-derivative spectrophotometric and gas-liquid chromatographic determination
      of caffeine in foods and pharmaceuticals. I. Rapid determination of caffeine in
      coffee, tea and soft drinks.
AB  - A simple and rapid spectrophotometric method is described for the determination
      of caffeine in coffee, tea and soft drinks. To exclude the irrelevant
      absorptions, due to the presence of some accompanying naturally occurring
      ingredients in the analysed multicomponent drinks, the derivative method is found
      to be superior. Another gas-liquid chromatographic (GLC) procedure for the
      quantitation of the analeptic agent, in bulk form and in the same drinks, is also
      investigated. The recovery testing of the proposed methods gives good percentage
      mean recoveries with relatively low deviations. The results of the methods
      described are compared with those obtained by direct UV-spectrophotometry as well
      as by applying an official pharmacopoeial procedure for caffeine.

PMID- 3388979
TI  - Neonatal jaundice in cystic fibrosis: a conservative approach is not always
      justified.
AB  - Biliary obstruction due to cystic fibrosis is considered to be reversible and
      conservative management is recommended. We present two cases of cystic fibrosis
      with anatomic lesions of the extrahepatic bile ducts, necessitating operative
      correction. In the management of prolonged neonatal jaundice in cystic fibrosis,
      a conservative approach is frequently successful, but in some cases surgical
      intervention may be mandatory.

PMID- 3388980
TI  - Case report of biliary atresia associated with preduodenal portal vein,
      ventricular septal defect and bilobed spleen.
AB  - A case report of biliary atresia associated with preduodenal portal vein is
      presented with a review of 27 similar cases previously reported. The occurrence
      of associated anomalies in these 28 cases has a much higher frequency (82%) than
      coincidental association. They were associated with cardiovascular anomalies in
      71%, polysplenia in 68%, malrotation of the intestine in 61%, situs inversus in
      22% and duodenal atresia in 9%. Developmental anomaly is considered to
      participate strongly in the aetiology of biliary atresia combined with
      preduodenal portal vein.

PMID- 3388981
TI  - [The Currarino triad--a study of 4 cases].
AB  - Report on 4 cases of a rare syndrome known as Currarino triad. The features of
      this triad consist of constipation, anorectal malformations, presacral masses and
      a curved defect of the os sacrum (scimitar defect). Currarino was the first to
      detect autosomal-dominant hereditary transmission in about 50 per cent of the
      patients. Each congenital or chronic constipation should prompt an early
      radiological examination including x-ray films of the os sacrum and the anorectum
      to exclude or to find a Currarino triad. The finding of a "scimitar sacrum" makes
      it essential to perform a contrast enema of the anorectum and a CT of the pelvic
      structures in the patient and his family. The possibilities of management
      depending on the nature of the presacral masses and their communication to the
      rectum and/or to the spinal channel are described. It is emphasised that a
      subtitle division of the rectal and spinal tissues has to be the first aim of
      operation to prevent a dangerous and life-threatening infection of the meningeal
      sac.

PMID- 3388982
TI  - Time-space distribution of extrahepatic biliary atresia in The Netherlands and
      West Germany.
AB  - Extrahepatic biliary atresia (EHBA) is an infrequent disease confined to early
      infancy. Its aetiology is not clear, but an infectious agent has been implicated.
      Demonstration of a time-space clustering would support this hypothesis.
      Therefore, we investigated the time-space distribution of all 89 cases of EHBA
      born in a 10-year period in the Netherlands. We carried out a similar study in
      West Germany and analysed 130 cases of EHBA, born between 1969 and 1986, from 4
      paediatric surgical centres. Analysis of these cases did not reveal any evidence
      for clustering in specific years or in a specific period of the year. The places
      of birth of the patients also were randomly distributed over rural areas,
      villages and towns. Neither did a method to reveal time-space interaction give
      any support for clustering. This random distribution of patients with EHBA
      suggests that EHBA could be pathogenetically a heterogeneous disease.

PMID- 3388983
TI  - Efficacy of hepatobiliary scintigraphy in the differential diagnosis of neonatal
      cholestasis and postoperative follow-up after hepatoporto-digestive anastomosis.
AB  - In the differential diagnosis of unclear neonatal and infant cholestasis the
      formerly applied 131-I-Rose Bengal scintigraphy has been widely abandoned in
      favour of hepatobiliary scintigraphy with 99mTc-labelled IDA derivatives excreted
      with the bile. Our results in 32 jaundiced children ranging from ages 2 weeks to
      32 weeks show a high sensitivity of scintigraphy in proving an occlusion in 92%
      with a clearly lower specificity of 79%, if based on the demonstration of marked
      bile in the intestine as the only criterion. Diagnostic accuracy, however, can be
      further increased in additional criteria such as hepatocellular clearance and
      patient age are considered. The examination is of equally high importance for
      post-operative follow-up. Here, scintigraphy is superior to all other imaging
      procedures in the evaluation of bile flow situations. In 52 examinations of
      portoenterostomies, the prognostic value can be demonstrated not only with a good
      coincidence of the scintigraphic data with the bilirubin level, but also with the
      histological degree of liver fibrosis at the time of operation. Early and late
      complications of hepatoportojejunostomy can usually be recognised and localised.
      Since the prognosis of extrahepatic biliary atresia depends on an early operation
      presently by means of reconstruction of biliary flow-indications for
      hepatobiliary scintigraphy must be given more widely and earlier (at the latest
      in the fourth week of life) in all unclear cases of cholestatic syndrome.

PMID- 3388984
TI  - Studies on subtype "d" biliary atresia.
AB  - Nine cases of specific type (subtype d) biliary atresia were experienced at the
      Tohoku University Hospital and were classified into three groups on the basis of
      their clinical and pathological findings. Group 1 cases were defined as cases
      showing obstruction on the side of the hepatic duct and cystic dilatation,
      communicating with the gallbladder, in the common bile duct. Group 2 cases were
      those showing dilatation similar to Group 1, but measuring less than 20 mm, the
      dilated part being covered with thick connective tissue. Group 3 cases were those
      showing isolated dilatation in the common hepatic duct or the common bile duct
      and having no communication with the gallbladder. The postoperative course was
      good in Group 1 patients, while jaundice was prolonged in Group 2 patients. In
      Group 3, jaundice disappeared in one patient who died later, while the other
      patient showed recurrence of slight jaundice.

PMID- 3388985
TI  - Icteric flare-up in patients with biliary atresia after hepatic portoenterostomy.
AB  - The relapse of icterus may be a sign of serious postoperative complication after
      hepatic portoenterostomy for biliary atresia. To analyse the cause of such
      icteric flare-up, a retrospective study was made on 27 patients. A total of 38
      episodes of icteric flare-up occurred in 19 patients. An accompanying disease,
      which had not directly involved the biliary tract, was assumed to be the cause in
      11 episodes (29%). Fourteen episodes (37%) were due to biliary tract infection
      caused by the cyst formed at the porta hepatis (5 episodes) or so-called
      ascending cholangitis (9 episodes). The other 13 episodes (34%) were free from
      both accompanying disease and signs of biliary infection. Among them, the cause
      of icteric flare-up was the cyst at the porta hepatis in one episode, scar tissue
      formation at the porta hepatis in 9 episodes and undetermined in 3 episodes.

PMID- 3388986
TI  - Problems involved in re-laparotomy for congenital biliary atresia: with special
      reference to postoperative ascending cholangitis.
AB  - Problems involved in re-laparotomy, particularly ascending cholangitis, were
      investigated in 129 patients with biliary atresia treated in Tohoku University
      Hospital in and after 1972. The occurrence of cholangitis after re-laparotomy for
      re-obstruction of the hepatic port, for peritonitis, for intestinal obstruction,
      for portal hypertension and after surgery for external fistula is not necessarily
      frequent. Surgery, if necessary, should be employed in these patients, paying
      careful attention to those who show cholangitis after the first operation.

PMID- 3388987
TI  - [Familial incidence of affective diseases in patients with anorexia nervosa].
AB  - Analysis of family history information about first-, second- and third-degree
      relatives of 45 anorectic patients and 38 control subjects with different types
      of neurosis showed significantly more depression and eating disorders in the
      families of the anorectic group. Our data revealed the same prevalence of
      psychiatric disorders in general for both groups; the alcoholism rate was higher
      in the anorectic group without a statistic significance. These findings might
      provide further evidence of a possible genetic relationship between anorexia
      nervosa and affective illness.

PMID- 3388988
TI  - [The goals of therapy].

PMID- 3388989
TI  - [Is minimal brain dysfunction really only an empty phrase? A scientific
      theoretical problem].
AB  - The book Die minimale cerebrale Dysfunction-Eine Eine Leerformel (Minimal
      Cerebral Dysfunction-An Empty Phrase) by Esser and Schmidt is critically
      reviewed, with reference being made to numerous clinical studies that have
      confirmed the existence of the syndrome minimal cerebral dysfunction (also called
      fruhkindlich exogenes Psychosyndrom in German). The reviewer's fundamental
      objection is to the "exact-science" methods used in the study: Such methods are
      inappropriate for confirming or disproving the existence of a psychosyndrome that
      has grown out of clinical experience. The reduction in the number of items that
      is dictated by an exact-science approach is diametrically opposed to the overall
      assessment of the psychopathological picture common in clinical practice. In many
      areas of psychology and psychiatry, restricting oneself to a study of only those
      factors that can be counted or measured also places limitations on the amount of
      information that can be gained.

PMID- 3388990
TI  - [The status of life events in causal analytic considerations in child and
      adolescent psychiatry: model development trials with LISREL (linear structural
      relationship analysis)].
AB  - An epidemiological longitudinal child psychiatric study with 334 eight- and
      thirteen-year-olds tried to put life events in an optimal order within a model of
      causal interrelations. The causal connections were tested by a Linear Structural
      Relationship Analysis (LISREL), which in addition to life events included child
      psychiatric disorders, adverse family factors and learning disabilities. By
      testing different models it could be demonstrated, that adverse family factors do
      not directly influence the number of life events of 8 to 13-year-old children.
      Adverse family factors influence life events as well as psychiatric disorders at
      age 13 predominantly by way of early psychiatric disorders. Psychiatric disorders
      at age 13 are best predicted by psychiatric disorders at age 8 and to a smaller
      degree by life events and learning disabilities.

PMID- 3388991
TI  - [Comparative studies in patients with seropositive and seronegative chronic
      polyarthritis using the solid-phase ELISA test for the determination of
      rheumatoid factors of classes IgM, IgG and IgA].
AB  - Sera from patients with definite or classic rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were tested
      for their reactivity to the Fc fragment of human IgG using a solid phase Elisa
      with specificity for rheumatoid factors (RF) of classes IgM, IgG and IgA. For all
      RF classes tested the Elisa was reproducible both within and between different
      assays. IgM-RF-serum concentrations correlated well to the Waaler Rose titers (r
      = 0.88, p less than 0.001). No difference in RF-serum concentrations of any Ig
      class could be detected between patients with seronegative erosive RA and
      controls. In the sera of seropositive RA patients, however, significantly higher
      concentrations of all RF-classes were observed (IgM RF: seropos. x- = 454 +/- 805
      IU/ml, seroneg. x- = 1.3 +/- 0.6 IU/ml, p less than 0.0005; IgG RF: seropos. x- =
      17 +/- 28 U/ml, seroneg. x- = 2 +/- 1.8 U/ml, p less than 0.005; IgA RF: seropos.
      x- = 300 +/- 577 U/ml, seroneg. x- = 4 +/- 3.6 U/ml, p less than 0.005). In our
      seronegative RA patients at least one antigen of the HLA-B5 CREG could be
      observed. Together with the well documented frequency of HLA-DR4 in patients with
      seropositive RA, this finding points to possible, genetically determined
      regulative mechanisms, which control the presence of autoantibodies within
      rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 3388992
TI  - [Laminin P1 and procollagen III peptide in serum: activity parameters in chronic
      inflammatory joint diseases].
AB  - Chronic inflammatory arthritis causes progressive destruction of the joints. Non
      specific parameters of inflammation are used in controls, because specific tests
      are not yet available. In this study, we determined parameters of connective
      tissue metabolism in 215 sera of patients with chronic inflammatory arthritis,
      since morphological changes in synovial tissue in these diseases are
      characterized by proliferation of mesenchymal cells and extracellular matrix.
      Serum concentration of procollagen-III-peptide (P-III-P) was increased in
      patients with a markedly progressive disease. Fragment P1 of the basement
      membrane component laminin was found to be enhanced in the serum of all groups of
      patients - even in the early stages of diseases. In addition, follow-up over 2
      years showed a good correlation between the progression of the diseases and the
      serum concentration of the two parameters. Our results indicate that P-III-P and
      laminin P1 serum content specifically reflect the proliferation of mesenchymal
      tissue in rheumatic diseases of the joints. Determination of both parameters may
      therefore be useful in estimating the progression of the disease and the benefit
      of treatment.

PMID- 3388994
TI  - [Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy in the treatment of urolithiasis-
      experiences from a center with the Piezolith 2200 and HM3 lithotriptors].
AB  - The Piezolith 2200 allows not only a qualitatively identical treatment of
      urolithiasis like the HM-Dornier systems or the Siemens Lithostar, but the
      application of lithotriptable urinary calculi could be extended to cardiac risk
      patients, to patients with skeletal deformities and to those with unusual body
      height and weight. As the piezolithotripsy does not cause pain, treatment is
      possible without anaesthesia or analgesia. Combined with internal ureteral
      stenting by self-retaining double-J-ureteral catheter also calculi with larger
      stone masses can be treated advantageously by exclusive piezolithotripsy as
      monotherapy. Multiple treatments by the piezolithotriptor are possible because of
      good focussing of the shock waves and the smaller parenchymal alteration.
      Lithotripsy of ureteral calculi is performed in the upper and lower part of the
      ureter. In small calculi the retrograde introduction of an ureteral catheter
      armed with an "ultrasound mirror" is necessary.

PMID- 3388993
TI  - [Serum hyaluronic acid and aminoterminal procollagen III peptide in inflammatory
      and degenerative joint diseases].
AB  - Serum levels of hyaluronic acid (HA) and the amino-terminal type III procollagen
      peptide (NP-III-P) were determined simultaneously by specific immunoassays in
      patients with rheumatoid arthritis (n = 41), osteoarthritis (n = 43), ankylosing
      spondylitis (n = 7), psoriatic arthritis (n = 6), and reactive arthritis (n = 6).
      Increased serum levels of both HA and NP-III-P, were found in rheumatoid
      arthritis and - although less pronounced - in osteoarthritis, differing
      significantly from age- and sex-matched controls (n = 77). Furthermore, patients
      suffering from active rheumatoid arthritis showed higher serum levels of both
      antigens than patients with inactive disease, and significant correlations were
      found in rheumatoid arthritis between acute phase plasma proteins, HA and NP-III
      P, respectively. In contrast, determination of low molecular weight fractions of
      NP-III-P by Fab- assay proved not to be useful in regard to clinical application.
      No significant effects of anti-inflammatory treatment were evident in any of the
      parameters. In rheumatoid patients, the serum concentrations of HA were found to
      correlate positively with the serum reactivity of NP-III-P related antigens (r =
      0.692) and with the excretion of urinary pyridinoline (r = 0.455). Thus, both
      parameters seem to reflect similar mechanisms of connective tissue activation and
      may be related to inflammatory activity in joint diseases.

PMID- 3388995
TI  - [Personal experiences with phenoxybenzamine (Dibenzyran) in the treatment of
      functional disorders of bladder emptying].
AB  - The influence of phenoxybenzamine on micturition was examined in 46 patients with
      functional bladder neck obstruction. Due to blockade of the alpha-adrenergic
      receptors at the bladder neck an increase of the maximal flow rate from a mean
      value of 13.6 to 24.6 ml s-1 was found during the treatment. In addition, there
      was a relaxation of the functional urethral length and a reduction of the maximal
      urethral closure pressure from 96.3 to 74.4 cm H2O. The most significant changes
      resulting from the application of Dibenzyran were observed in the neuropathic
      bladder with a reduction of the functional urethral length from 24.3 to 20.5 mm
      and a decrease of Pura max from 100.5 to 82.7 cm H2O. Furthermore, we achieved an
      increase of the maximal flow rate from 13.4 to 22.5 ml s-1.

PMID- 3388996
TI  - [Subcutaneous vascular access].
AB  - Experiences with 246 subcutaneous vascular access operations and general
      principles of these techniques are presented. After exclusion of early cases of
      fistula thrombosis an average patency time of 28.6 months was obtained.

PMID- 3388997
TI  - [Need for transfusion in urea-oriented and temporally individualized dialysis
      planning in comparison with dialysis with standard time intervals].
AB  - From january 1984 to july 1986 three patient groups were investigated. With
      regard to the frequency of transfusion per month, the pre-dialysis urea profile,
      the use of heparin and the clinical rehabilitation no significant differences
      were found between the urea-orientated individualized short-term dialysis, the
      urea-orientated standard-time dialysis and standard dialysis with maximal blood
      flow through the dialyzer. Therefore, a superior utilization of the dialysis
      places seems to be possible, but further long-term investigations are necessary.

PMID- 3388998
TI  - [Corrosive burns of the upper gastrointestinal tract in adults].
AB  - Experience obtained from acid burns in 60 adult patients is reported in this
      paper. Twelve of them died, while 48 received conservative treatment, and twelve
      underwent surgery. Attempted suicide accounted for the highest number and
      severity of those accidental injuries. The therapeutic approach should be chosen
      on earliest possible endoscopy. Trends towards exploratory laparotomy and blind
      oesophagus stripping are described, and the problem of conservative therapy is
      discussed.

PMID- 3388999
TI  - [Incidence of complications in elective colon resections at various ages].
AB  - A retrospective analysis was made of 235 cases of colectomy, subdivided by age
      groups, with emphasis being laid on preoperative risk factors and postoperative
      complications. Lethality accounted for 2.5 per cent, with disorders of wound
      healing being the most common complications. Advanced age per se does not imply
      unfavourable prognosis.

PMID- 3389000
TI  - [Disordered postoperative course. A retrospective analysis].
AB  - A brief definition of the term of "relaparotomy" is followed by reference to some
      causes of erroneous or delayed decisionmaking on re-operation. The background of
      postoperative disorders is, basically, one and the same throughout acute surgery:
      haemorrhage, peritonitis, ileus. Relaparotomy was necessary in 0.6 per cent of
      the authors' cases, in the course of five years. Lethality amounted to 31 per
      cent at an average age of 50 years. Colorectal carcinoma was the most common
      cause of relaparotomy, with ileus of the small intestine being the most important
      of all indications. The average intervals between primary surgery and
      relaparotomy were seven days for ileus, 3.5 days for peritonitis, and up to 24
      hours for postoperative bleeding. A lethality analysis after the first operation
      showed that only two of 96 deaths were attributable to omission of relaparotomy.
      Finally, reference is made to some clinical peculiarities in postoperative
      developments as well as to evaluation and interpretation of paraclinical data.

PMID- 3389002
TI  - [Fournier gangrene following soap enemas].

PMID- 3389001
TI  - [Effect of intraoperative local polyvinylpyrrolidone iodine administration on the
      risk of wound infection following appendectomy].
AB  - A study conducted into 91 appendectomised patients revealed wound infection rates
      to worsen from eight to 26 per cent (p less than 0.05) in the wake of locally
      delimited intra-operative application of povidone-iodine solution, two per cent
      in concentration. No other factors were found to be responsible for that
      aggravation. Tissue toxicity was found to outweight bactericidal effects, even
      with application in diluted and PVP-bonded form. Hence, povidone-iodine solutions
      not even in diluted form should ever be applied to wound treatment.

PMID- 3389003
TI  - [Survey on preventive appendectomy in gynecologic operations].

PMID- 3389004
TI  - [Bacteria of the genus Acinetobacter in the marine environment and in
      hydrobiontic mollusks].
AB  - The study of Acinetobacter bacteria in sea water and in aquatic molluscs of the
      southern climatic zone has revealed ecological differences in the species A.
      calcoaceticus and A. lwoffi and the appearance of the ecological niche for
      Acinetobacter in molluscs.

PMID- 3389005
TI  - [Ecological and biological maintenance of sapronoses exemplified by melioidosis].
AB  - The growth and death of Pseudomonas pseudomallei, the causative agent of
      melioidosis, in the soil and the antigenic properties of this microorganism in
      the soil, in culture media, and in the body of animals have been studied. As
      revealed in this study, P. pseudomallei can grow in nonsterile soil substrates
      without the loss of virulence and changes in its antigenic structure. In the body
      of animals this microorganism rapidly adapts its virulence to host species by the
      transformation of its antigenic structure. The pathogenicity factors of P.
      pseudomallei are mainly thermolabile antigens, probably exoenzymes. This
      microorganism has been shown to have close ecological relations with abiotic
      environmental objects. The author suggests that the type of relationship between
      saprophytic microorganisms acting as causative agents of diseases and warm
      blooded hosts should be characterized as pseudoparasitic.

PMID- 3389006
TI  - [Effect of reaferon on the functional activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes
      and neutrophils of volunteers].
AB  - The administration of Reaferon, the analog of human alpha 2-interferon obtained
      by means of gene engineering technigues, to 25 volunteers revealed the ability of
      small doses of this preparation to produce a stimulating effect on the capacity
      of lymphocytes and neutrophils for rosette formation. When introduced in large
      doses, the preparation sharply suppressed this capacity. A significant decrease
      in the T- and B-lymphocyte count, as well as in the neutrophil count, was noted.
      These changes persisted for 7 days after the course of Reaferon injections had
      been over. The intravenous injection of the preparation produced more pronounced
      effect than its intramuscular injection in the same doses. No essential changes
      in the count of the precursor cells of both T- and B-lymphocytes were registered.

PMID- 3389007
TI  - [Isolation of modified allergens from bee venom].
AB  - To obtain modified bee venom (BV) allergens, covalent binding of BV with
      previously carboxylated polyethylene glycol (PEG) has been used. The conjugation
      of BV and PEG has been achieved by means of carbodiimide. Thus 4 kinds of the
      conjugate with BV/PEG ratio ranging from 30:1 to 63:1 have been obtained. The
      study has shown that chemical treatment in the process of this reaction, dialysis
      and chromatography does not lead to a decrease in the specific activity of BV,
      while lyophilization produces such an effect. The above method for the
      modification of BV allergen, used with a view to obtaining high molecular
      compositions, is reproducible, ensures sufficient yield (about 30%), and permits
      obtaining conjugates with specified BV/PEG ratios.

PMID- 3389008
TI  - [Characteristics of the interaction of Leptospira with the host organism in the
      infectious process in golden hamsters].
AB  - The comparative evaluation of the interaction of L. icterohaemorrhagiae strain P,
      L. canicola strain CL and L. hebdomadis strain 650 with golden hamster liver and
      kidney cells is presented. Three variants of the course of Leptospira infection
      have been distinguished: (1) the hepato-renal (icteric) variant, caused by the
      adhesion of leptospires to liver cells with the colonization of their surface and
      the disaggregation of liver-cell complexes and by the accumulation of leptospires
      in the kidney interstice; as a consequence, parenchymatous hepatitis and nephroso
      nephritis develop, which lead to the death of animals; (2) the renal (anicteric)
      variant, characterized by the absence of the infective agent and lesions in the
      liver, by adhesion of leptospires to and their colonization of the nephrothelium
      of the proximal convoluted tubules of the kidneys; in this case some of the
      animals die because of renal insufficiency and shock, while in the surviving
      animals prolonged carrier state develops; (3) the intermediate variant,
      characterized by the initial process of leptospiral adhesion and colonization in
      the liver and its subsequent progress in the kidneys.

PMID- 3389009
TI  - [The process of the persistence of Salmonella typhi L forms in the body of
      experimental animals studied by immunoradiometric analysis].
AB  - The use of the immunoradiometric assay made it possible to reveal a prolonged
      persistence of the antigen of viable cultures of S. typhi stable L-forms, as well
      as to study the dynamics of its spread in the body of experimental animals. After
      both subconjunctival and intraperitoneal infection of guinea pigs the antigen of
      S. typhi L-forms spread slowly in the body of experimental animals with its
      localization first in the lymphoid formations in the pharynx and the intestine
      and subsequent undulatory accumulation in the marrow, spleen and bile. The
      persistence of the antigen of live S. typhi L-forms lasted as long as 6 months
      (the term of observation); killed L-forms could be detected for not more than 17
      days. Regular inoculations of samples from different organs into media for the
      cultivation of S. typhi bacterial and L-forms yielded no positive results, which
      showed the difficulty of obtaining stable L-forms and evidenced the absence of
      their reversion in the body of experimental animals.

PMID- 3389010
TI  - [Meningiomas of the optic nerve (clinical picture, diagnosis and morphology)].
AB  - The clinical, diagnostic, and morphological findings in 31 patients with
      meningiomas of the optic nerve are analysed. Three groups of patients, each with
      a definite type of image on computed tomography, are distinguished. It is shown
      that the difficulty of preoperative identification of intracanalicular and
      intracranial spreading of a meningioma of the optic nerve determines the
      expediency of a transcranial approach with resection of the roof of the orbit for
      examination of the optic nerve for its whole distance from the posterior pole of
      the eyeball to the chiasm.

PMID- 3389011
TI  - [Clinical and roentgenological diagnosis of spinal cord compression in acute
      closed trauma of the cervical spine].
AB  - The clinical picture of injury to the spinal cord in the acute period of the
      trauma and the results of radiological examination of 184 patients with closed
      trauma of the cervical spine are analysed. Associations of clinical and
      radiological signs were revealed which pointed to compression of the spinal cord
      and showed the degree of its damage. The data obtained allow the method of
      treatment to be chosen and the possible outcome of the spinal cord injury to be
      prognosticated.

PMID- 3389012
TI  - [Current problems of the treatment of spina bifida aperta].
AB  - Experience in the treatment of 311 children with spina bifida aperta is
      generalized. The authors emphasize the hazard of infectious complications, which
      were the cause of death of 26.3% of children who were operated on 2 days after
      birth and before epithelization of the meningeal cavity. Internal hydrocephalus
      is congenital and linked etiopathogenetically with the Arnold-Chiari
      malformation. Treatment of internal hydrocephalus consists in ventriculoatrial
      and ventriculoperitoneal shunting. Spinal draining operations are not
      recommended. Postoperative mortality in spina bifida aperta has reduced to 3% in
      the recent years.

PMID- 3389013
TI  - [Microsurgery of intratruncal neurinomas].
AB  - From analysis of the results of electrophysiological study and the use of an
      operating microscope in 147 cases with intratruncal neuromas the author specified
      the indications for various types of neurolysis and nerve decompression. The
      suggested system of diagnosis during the operation and the microsurgical
      techniques led in most cases to good and excellent results after various types of
      neurolysis.

PMID- 3389014
TI  - [Changes in the sphenoid bone in the upper third of the carotid groove].
AB  - The article discusses the changes of the bone plate of the sphenoid bone in the
      upper third of the carotid groove; the plate separates the siphon of the internal
      carotid artery from the cavity of the sphenoid sinus. Both carotid grooves were
      examined on blocks removed from the base of the skull of 65 cadavers and on 45
      macerated skulls. Two types of bone changes were found in the upper third of the
      carotid groove, namely, osteoporosis and perforating defects. Osteoporosis was
      revealed in 50 grooves and defects only in the upper third in 45 grooves.
      Osteoporosis and defects were encountered about five times more frequently
      between the ages of 41 and 60 than till the age of 40 and 10 times more
      frequently after the age of 60. The same relations were found when osteoporosis
      was combined with a defect. These bone defects are an anatomical precondition for
      profuse nasal bleeding because the wall of the internal carotid artery ruptures
      during a craniocerebral trauma and blood flows freely from it into the sphenoid
      sinus and then into the nasopharynx.

PMID- 3389015
TI  - [Organizational and methodological problems of studying the prevalence of cranio
      cerebral trauma in the USSR].

PMID- 3389016
TI  - [A case of familial Hippel-Lindau disease].

PMID- 3389017
TI  - [The use of cerebrospinal fluid drainage for providing a surgical approach in
      intracranial operations].

PMID- 3389018
TI  - Risk factors and prevention of arterial hypertension and atherosclerosis. 4th
      Cardiology Symposium. Brussels, November 7th, 1987.

PMID- 3389019
TI  - Definition of arterial hypertension according to age and sex.
AB  - Although the historical debate between Pickering and Platt has never been
      settled, most scientists have felt that hypertension should not be defined as a
      disease state, qualitatively different from normotension with a sharp dividing
      line in between them. Still, in clinical practice, there is a need for well
      defined limits which one should initiate therapeutic actions that should not be
      taken below such a limit. In fact, in trying to escape to setting up a sharp
      limit, clinicians have tried to find a level above which benefits of decreasing
      blood pressure could outweigh the potential harm caused by the therapeutic
      interventions. However even in that way, finding such a limit is a most difficult
      enterprise; it has necessitated many large trials which certainly have not
      resolved yet all our questions. First, one should realize that blood pressure by
      itself is not a constant value; following blood pressure over a certain period
      shows its large variations from "normotensive" ranges to clearly "hypertensive"
      levels in the same individual. As soon as one is spoiled by this type of
      information, it becomes hardly conceivable to define someone's blood pressure
      without ambulatory recordings of some kind. This is also valid for finding the
      above mentioned limit of therapeutic benefit; an European International
      multicenter studied is being set up in this respect (HOME BP). Moreover, whatever
      the definition of blood pressure, its relationship to mortality, morbidity and
      organ damage, also, is not a constant one.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3389020
TI  - Physical activity and psychosocial variables in atherosclerosis.
AB  - The clinical consequences of atherosclerosis differ substantially by time, by
      place and by person. The between population variation can largely be explained by
      differences in the classical risk factors. Within a population it becomes more
      difficult to predict atherosclerosis risk solely on the basis of blood pressure,
      serum cholesterol and smoking. On the individual level risk prediction becomes
      even more hazardous. Among the long list of less well documented or more
      controversial risk indicators physical activity and psychosocial variables are of
      prime importance. In epidemiological research the association between physical
      inactivity and atherosclerosis is modest compared to the classical risk factors.
      Physical inactivity does not necessarily precede the atherosclerosis process.
      However a majority of prospective epidemiological surveys performed has found
      physical inactivity to be a risk factor. The ability of physical inactivity or
      physical fitness to predict atherosclerosis events has been reproducible when
      applied crossculturally but the consistency with clinical pathological studies is
      poor. Regular exercise most likely helps to decrease other risk factors.
      Therefore the inclusion of regular exercise in one's life style makes good sense
      for many reasons. Concerning the psychosocial variables there is overwhelming
      evidence to accept that they play a role in the development of atherosclerosis as
      well as in the occurrence and recurrence of its clinical consequences. However
      major problems exist to quantify in a standardized way these psychosocial factors
      across or within populations and in a given individual. Various hypotheses
      relating atherosclerosis to stress, social support, personality pattern,
      psychological traits or life events have been tested in epidemiological,
      experimental and clinical studies. In a majority of these, significant
      associations were found.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3389021
TI  - Coagulation and platelet aggregation in atherosclerosis.

PMID- 3389022
TI  - Multifactorial aspects of atherosclerosis.

PMID- 3389023
TI  - Mass prevention: population-directed approach.

PMID- 3389024
TI  - Risk factors and prevention of atherosclerosis: specific prevention directed to
      the high-risk patients.
AB  - The high-risk population strategy of coronary heart disease prevention are not
      alternatives but complement each other, both being parts of a comprehensive
      community programme. High-risk persons must be detected through screening and
      require more individual and intensive protection than persons at lesser risk for
      whom the population approach provides adequate preventive care. The relative
      effectiveness of the two strategies may be compared, using data from prospective
      epidemiological studies. The high-risk strategy alone compares well with a
      limited population strategy alone but the balance is shifted in favour of the
      population at large. In practice, it does not matter to compare the two
      strategies in isolation but to assess their effectiveness in combination; it can
      be shown that the combined effect is likely to make a major dent in the burden of
      disease in the population. It used to be thought and hoped that the discovery of
      new and more powerful risk factors would discriminate more sharply between future
      cases and non-cases of coronary heart disease and thus concentrate the majority
      of new events in a minority of the population. An attempt was made to show that
      new advances will add to the preventive potential inherent in risk factors but
      are not likely to identify future victims of the disease with such precision that
      the high-risk strategy would eventually supplant the population strategy.
      Instead, new screening strategies must be developed to detect and protect to the
      greatest possible extent all the risk carriers who are scattered, in terms of
      single and multiple risk factors, all-over the population. A major responsibility
      for the effectiveness of the high-risk strategy is carried by the practicing
      physician, to select the best treatment for individuals and their families and to
      encourage adherence to a new life style, as well as compliance with drug therapy,
      if indicated.

PMID- 3389025
TI  - Socio-economic aspects of screening and prevention of arterial hypertension and
      arteriosclerosis.

PMID- 3389026
TI  - Alcohol and drug-induced hypertension.

PMID- 3389027
TI  - Mechanisms of hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis.
AB  - Hypercholesterolemia is the result of an imbalance between two basic cholesterol
      homeostatic mechanisms. One is related to intercellular and the other to
      extracellular cholesterol homeostasis. The human organism gives always absolute
      priority to the intracellular homeostasis. The naturally occurring balance
      between both systems can be disturbed: 1) By genetic factors, one of them located
      on chromosome 19 and governing the number of LDL-receptors on the cell membrane
      (liver, arterial wall, adrenals, fibroblasts, etc.). Total genetic absence of
      malfunction of LDL-receptors is seen in homozygote familial hypercholesterolemia,
      with ischemic heart disease between ages 2 and 25. Less harmful situations arise
      from heterozygote familial hypercholesterolemia and from other genetic defects
      (among them those located at the gene of apo E on chromosome 19 and of apo AI on
      chromosome 11). 2) By nutritional factors decreasing or totally blocking the
      number of active LDL-receptors. This has been demonstrated in the rabbit,
      hamster, dog, baboon and humans. Overloading the organism with dietary
      cholesterol and saturated fat is one extremely common factor in western
      societies. Certain fats (omega-6 and omega-3 polyunsaturated, and oleic acid) may
      be beneficial. Other factors are generally of lesser importance. 3) By a
      combination in different proportions of 1) and 2). Severe dietary overloading
      with cholesterol and saturated fat in the rabbit results in early atherosclerotic
      lesions resembling almost totally those produced by the genetic absence of LDL
      receptors (Watanabe rabbit). In humans from western countries the serum LDL-level
      is more related to environmental factors, whereas the HDL-level is more related
      to genetic factors. Age is an important factor integrating the effects of
      genetics and environmental deviations. The influence of sex is also important.
      Serum cholesterol in western countries is increasing markedly with age, but this
      growth of serum cholesterol with age is totally different between sexes. Serum
      cholesterol is on the average only equal in both sexes at ages 3, 10, 25 and 50.
      It is higher in males between ages 25 and 50 and higher in females between ages 3
      to 10, 10 to 25 and above 50 years. In general females are less susceptible to
      higher cholesterolemia than males except at very old ages (above 80-85 years).
      Together with other observations of sex linked differences this points to the
      influence of a sex linked chromosome, most probably the X-chromosome. The
      susceptibility of females in a given population decreases with decreasing levels
      of infectious diseases, the opposite is true for males.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400
      WORDS)

PMID- 3389028
TI  - Sodium and potassium intake and high blood pressure.
AB  - Much circumstantial and some direct evidence links a high sodium, low potassium
      intake to the development of essential hypertension. However, studies to prove a
      definite causative relationship in man are unlikely to be done for the practical
      reason that they need to carried out over a whole generation. Restriction of
      sodium intake does lower blood pressure in many hypertensive subjects. This fall
      appears to be mediated in part by a diminished renin response to the sodium
      restriction as blood pressure becomes more severe. Less substantive evidence also
      suggests that increasing potassium intake may lower blood pressure but this
      effect seems to be more apparent when both animals and man are on a high intake.
      It would seem sensible, therefore, in the light of present knowledge, to advise
      communities that have a high sodium, low potassium diet they may benefit from a
      reduction in sodium and an increase in potassium intake. Patients who are already
      known to have high blood pressure should be advised to reduce sodium intake along
      with other non-pharmacological advice. In some patients this will be sufficient
      to control the blood pressure. In others who may then require drug treatment, the
      blood pressure lowering effect of beta-blockers and converting enzyme inhibitors
      will be enhanced by the sodium restriction.

PMID- 3389029
TI  - Smoking, coffee and atherosclerosis.

PMID- 3389031
TI  - [The contribution of anterior seromyotomy with posterior truncal vagotomy in the
      treatment of chronic duodenal ulcer].
AB  - Contribution to the anterior seromyotomy and posterior truncal vagotomy in the
      treatment of chronic duodenal ulcer. The authors report a technique of anterior
      seromyotomy of the gastric lesser curvature with posterior truncal vagotomy for
      the surgical treatment of chronic duodenal ulcer disease. This technique offers
      more advantages than the highly selective vagotomy: it is an easier operation to
      perform, less time consuming and reproducible. Our results are similar to those
      following highly selective vagotomy.

PMID- 3389030
TI  - [Risk factors in surgery of the abdominal aorta].
AB  - Surgical risk factors of abdominal aortic disease. Between January 1, 1982 and
      October 1986, 327 surgical repairs were performed on abdominal aortic obstructive
      diseases and aneurysms at the St. Luc University Hospital. 150 pre-, per- and
      postoperative data were collected retrospectively for each patient. Ninety-one
      per cent of patients were smokers, 57.5 per cent had heart disease, 43 per cent
      arterial hypertension, 51 per cent peripheral vascular disease and 28 percent had
      obstructive lung disease. Concerning cardiac morbidity, the post-operative
      infarction rate was 4.4 per cent in patients who had previously suffered from an
      infarction, and 1.9 per cent in patients with no previous infarction. Post
      operative angina-ischemia rate were respectively 23 and 4.7 per cent. Two hundred
      and thirty two elective operations resulted in 6 deaths (2.6 per cent) while 95
      emergency operations resulted in 34 deaths (35.8 per cent). The causes of the
      death and the post-operative complications are detailed. The decrease of the
      morbidity and the mortality rates inherent to this pathology depends on an early
      diagnosis and surgical treatment by a team, knowledgeable of this pathology, who
      are able to prevent and correctly treat the complications, especially those
      affecting the cardiovascular system.

PMID- 3389033
TI  - [Development of a therapeutic strategy and role of surgery in breast cancer].
AB  - The evolution of therapeutic strategy and the role of surgery in breast cancer.
      Loco-regional control of breast cancer is achieved with lesser surgical
      mutilation. Quality of results is however dependent of the stage of the disease
      more than of therapeutic modalities.

PMID- 3389032
TI  - [Results of a policy of conservative treatment of breast cancer (146 cases)].
AB  - Tumorectomy and irradiation for small cancer of the breast. Tumorectomy followed
      by breast irradiation and a single course of chemotherapy is the most accurate
      treatment for small cancer of the breast. The 5 and 10 years survival are 92.5%
      and 85% respectively: this demonstrates the efficacy of the conservative
      treatment in the control of most of the small breast cancer provided a strict
      selection of the cases was done. Patients who develop local recurrence have the
      same life expectancy than the other cases when they are soon treated by
      mastectomy.

PMID- 3389034
TI  - [The value of femoro-femoral extracorporeal circulation in the treatment of
      isthmic rupture of the thoracic aorta].
AB  - Between 1977 and 1987, eleven isthmic ruptures and three chronic posttraumatic
      pseudoaneurysms of the thoracic aorta have been seen in our cardiovascular
      surgery service. The hemorrhagic intraabdominal wounds were treated first during
      the same or a staged procedure. Two patients died prior to the vascular
      intervention. In the other cases, partial femorofemoral extracorporeal
      circulation has been used after systemic heparinization (3 mg/kg). The perfusion
      flow was approximately 2 to 3 l/min. Three patients (25%) died following
      operation. Only one death caused by decerebration is potentially related to
      heparinization. No paraplegia occurred. The partial extracorporeal circulation is
      a reliable method to prevent paraplegia and to diminish the left ventricular post
      charge during aortic clamp time.

PMID- 3389035
TI  - [The value of vaginoplasty in perineal cicatrization following amputation of the
      rectum via abdomino-perineal approach].
AB  - Advantage of vaginoplasty in perineum healing following abdominoperineal
      amputation of the rectum. Healing of the perineal wound following
      abdominoperineal amputation of the rectum is achieved by secondary intention
      within 6 to 12 weeks. To improve the tedious dressings and to minimise the
      duration of healing, resorting to primary healing of the perineum in the females
      is facilitated by a technique of vaginoplasty. Our observations through personal
      experience dealing with 24 patients matched those described by Johnston in 1969
      and 1979. Perineal healing was obtained within 10-14 days. The vaginal floor
      epithelialization was obtained after a median duration of 32.7 days. No important
      complications were noticed in relation to this technique.

PMID- 3389036
TI  - [Facio-craniostenosis].
AB  - Facio-craniostenosis. Facio-craniostenosis is associated with premature stenosis
      of one or several cranial sutures. The clinical variety is defined by the
      affected suture. In the complex forms, major disturbances of the anterior fossa
      of the cranial base are observed. Intracranial hypertension sometimes observed
      may lead to impairment of the function of the brain or the eyes. The authors have
      observed 73 children with craniostenosis and have operated upon 49 of them. Three
      types of methods have been used. The stress is made on the latest one combining
      advancement of the orbito-frontal "bandeau" and the regularization of the vault.
      Operating early is essential for prevention of functional sequellae. The optimal
      age for surgical treatment seems to be between 3 and 6 months. Complications have
      been remarkable benign.

PMID- 3389037
TI  - Elevated serum oxytocin of the vasopressin-deficient Brattleboro rat is present
      throughout life and is not sensitive to treatment with vasopressin.
AB  - The postnatal developmental course of the enhanced OT serum level of the
      vasopressin-deficient (homozygous) Brattleboro rat was investigated
      radioimmunochemically together with the response to treatment with Pitressin
      tannate. Compared with heterozygous Brattleboro (control) pups, in which serum OT
      appeared to have an adult value from birth onwards (about 10 pmol/l), homozygous
      rats had approximately 2-fold enhanced OT serum level throughout early
      development. Between day 55 and adulthood the levels of OT rose further to 40-50
      pmol/l. A 3-day treatment with Pitressin tannate both in the period before or
      after the age (day 16) at which the polyuria of the homozygous Brattleboro mutant
      can be revealed, failed to reduce the serum OT. It was therefore concluded that
      the high OT serum levels in the vasopressin-deficient Brattleboro rat are not
      induced by osmotic imbalance, but probably originates from functional
      teratological aspects of the mutation.

PMID- 3389038
TI  - Inhibition of 5 alpha-reductase activity in prepubertal female rats: effect on
      the timing of first ovulation.
AB  - The activity of 5 alpha-reductase in the ovary of prepubertal rats decreases
      prior to first ovulation. To determine whether this decrease causes the onset of
      first ovulation, prepubertal female were treated with a specific inhibitor of 5
      alpha-reductase activity and the effect on the time of first ovulation was
      studied. The steroid (6-methylene-progesterone, MEP) gives irreversible
      inhibition of ovarian 5 alpha-reductase activity in vitro with testosterone as
      well as progesterone as substrate. A MEP-containing silicone tube, releasing 245
      nmol per 24 h in vitro, was implanted sc in the back of 25-day-old female rats.
      This resulted a day 30 in a significantly lower 5 alpha-reductase activity in the
      ovary than in control rats (42.0 +/- 3.8 pmol/min per mg ovary in MEP-treated
      rats vs 98.8 +/- 2.4 pmol/min per mg ovary in control rats). Nearly the same
      extent of inhibition was found at day 35 27.4 +/- 2.1 in MEP-treated rats vs 56.2
      +/- 5.9 in control rats). However, implantation of a MEP-containing silicone tube
      under the skin or inserting a pellet containing MEP under the ovarian capsule did
      not result in advancement of the first ovulation. These data indicate that in the
      female rat a decrease of 5 alpha-reductase activity alone is not sufficient to
      induce the first ovulation.

PMID- 3389039
TI  - Annual changes in 6-sulphatoxymelatonin excretion in man.
AB  - A recently developed RIA for 6-sulphatoxymelatonin, the major urinary metabolite
      of melatonin, has been used to investigate the annual change in melatonin
      secretion in humans. Twenty plasma samples were taken from 18 volunteers
      throughout a 24-h period and simultaneous 6-hourly urine samples were also
      collected. Plasma melatonin and urinary 6-sulphatoxymelatonin were measured by
      RIA. 6-Sulphatoxymelatonin assayed in the urine samples was shown to be a good
      index of the rhythmic characteristics of the plasma melatonin secretion. To study
      annual changes in excretion four sequential 6-hourly urine samples were collected
      at monthly intervals from 16 normal volunteers for 13 months. Cosinor curves were
      fitted to the 6-sulphatoxymelatonin excretion data and the 24-h rhythm was
      described by the cosinor parameters: amplitude, mesor and acrophase. Significant
      differences in the acrophase were found during the year. The summer acrophase was
      phase advanced relative to the winter acrophase by about 1.5 h while intermediate
      phase positions were observed in spring/autumn. The 24-h excretion of urinary 6
      sulphatoxymelatonin was remarkably consistent and there was no annual rhythm. In
      contrast, the daytime 6-sulphatoxymelatonin excretion between 12.00-18.00 h
      showed a statistically significant seasonal rhythm, with peaks in
      December/January and in July.

PMID- 3389040
TI  - Depression of ovarian function and plasma progesterone and estradiol-17 beta in
      female goats chronically infected with Trypanosoma congolense.
AB  - Adult normocyclic female goats experimentally infected with Trypanosoma
      congolense developed irregular and shorter estrous cycles before complete
      cessation at the fourth cycle post-infection. This was followed within a month by
      a decline in the mean plasma progesterone and estradiol-17 beta levels. The peak
      luteal progesterone as well as pre-ovulatory estradiol-17 beta level declined
      progressively from the second to the fourth cycle post-infection. The ovaries
      became atretic with reduced numbers of primordial and primary follicles. The
      larger follicles became atretic at the tertiary stage with subsequent lack of
      corpora lutea formation. The rapidity of ovarian dysfunction appeared to be
      related to the degree of susceptibility of the individual infected goats.

PMID- 3389041
TI  - Which factors predict the results of pituitary surgery in acromegaly?
AB  - Thirty-one patients with acromegaly who underwent pituitary surgery were
      investigated for possible predictive factors of the surgical outcome. The
      patients were divided into two groups: those whose GH levels normalized (less
      than 5 micrograms/l) after operation, group A (N = 18), and those whose GH levels
      remained elevated, group B (N = 13). There were no differences in age, sex
      distribution and sellar volume between both groups. There was a tendency to a
      higher incidence of supra-sellar extension of the pituitary tumor in group B (P
      less than 0.10). The basal GH levels in group A (38 +/- 5 micrograms/l) before
      operation were significantly lower than in group B (100 +/- 22 micrograms/l, P
      less than 0.002). Somatomedin C levels after the operation were significantly
      lower in group A than in group B (P less than 0.05) and were more often in the
      normal range (P less than 0.05). No differences were found in the occurrence of
      paradoxical GH responses to TRH and/or to GnRH between the groups and neither
      were there any differences in GH responses to GHRH and to bromocriptine between
      the groups. The sensitivity to SRIH tended to be higher in group A. After
      operation, the paradoxical GH response to TRH disappeared in 7 out of 10 patients
      and to GnRH in 2 out of 5 patients of group A, whereas in group B this anomaly
      persisted in all 9 after TRH and all 3 patients after GnRH. Hypopituitarism
      developed in only 5 out of the 31 patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3389042
TI  - Long-term castration decreases the androgen but not the estrogen nuclear
      pituitary receptors in the ram.
AB  - The effect of castration on pituitary androgen and estrogen nuclear receptors was
      examined in eleven 3-year-old 'Prealpes du Sud' rams which were either intact (N
      = 5) or surgically castrated (N = 6) 11 months before. To avoid a receptor loss,
      pituitaries were frozen less than 1 min after slaughter. Specific androgen and
      estrogen bindings were measured upon extracts from purified nuclei. Neither the
      concentration of estrogen receptors (30.5 +/- 3.0 vs 28.1 +/- 3.0 fmol/mg
      protein) nor the affinity constant (ka = 1.21 X 10(9) mol-1 in both groups)
      differed between intact and castrated rams. Conversely, androgen receptor
      concentrations differed markedly between groups and were found significantly
      higher in intact rams (11.3 +/- 1.1 fmol/mg protein) than in castrated rams where
      nuclear receptors were undetectable in 5 out of 6 animals. This result keeps open
      the possibility that the decrease of LH sensitivity to testosterone negative
      feedback observed after long-term castration, could be related to the quasi
      absence of nuclear receptors, at least at the pituitary level.

PMID- 3389043
TI  - Insulin-like growth factor I levels in proportionate dogs, chondrodystrophic dogs
      and in giant dogs.
AB  - Plasma insulin-like growth factor I concentrations from proportionate,
      chondrodystrophic and giant breeds were evaluated and compared with body size.
      IGF-I plasma concentrations were 91.2 +/- 10.9 micrograms/l in Keeshounds
      (proportionate dog), 122.6 +/- 25.4 micrograms/l in Bassethounds
      (chondrodystrophic dog) and 280 +/- 22.8 micrograms/l in German Shepherds
      (proportionate dog). The highest IGF-I level (389.6 +/- 24.2 micrograms/l) was
      found in the New Foundland, a giant breed (mean +/- SEM). The mean body weight
      was 11.8 +/- 0.4 kg in Keeshounds, 15.4 +/- 1.4 kg in Bassethounds, 32 +/- 1.5 kg
      in German Shepherds, and 45.6 +/- 1.7 kg in New Foundlands (mean +/- SEM). Body
      weight and plasma IGF-I concentration were significantly correlated (y (IGF-I) = 
      7.43 + 8.7 X (body weight); P less than 0.0001.

PMID- 3389044
TI  - Levels of alpha-subunits of gonadotropins can be increased in Zollinger-Ellison
      syndrome, both in patients with malignant tumours and with apparently benign
      disease.
AB  - To evaluate the value of intact hCG, the beta-subunit of hCG and the common alpha
      subunit of the glycoprotein hormones as tumour markers in patients with
      gastrinomas, we investigated 30 patients with the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.
      Fifty-seven percent of the patients with malignant disease (N = 7) and 45% of
      those with active and apparently benign disease (N = 20) had raised values of
      circulating alpha-subunit. Detectable levels of hCG or hCG-beta were found in 7
      patients of whom 4 had malignant disease. Radical tumour resection in 2 patients
      resulted in normalisation of elevated levels of alpha-subunit, and in one patient
      who developed metastases, the alpha-subunit values became elevated
      simultaneously. By chromatographic studies we found that the alpha-subunit-like
      reacting substance in serum eluted as the normal free alpha-subunit in 8
      patients, but in one patient with metastatic disease we found evidence for
      production of a larger molecular form of alpha-subunit. The results indicate that
      the common alpha-subunit is a valuable tumour marker in patients with
      gastrinomas, whereas hCG-beta is only seldomly elevated. Single estimates of any
      of the hormonal fragments seem not to relate with malignancy, whereas a rise in
      alpha-subunit concentration in some patients may be related to the development of
      malignancy.

PMID- 3389045
TI  - Endometrial phosphatases, beta-glucuronidase and cathepsin D during menstrual
      cycle and pre-implantation stages of gestation in the rhesus monkey (Macaca
      mulatta).
AB  - beta-glucuronidase, cathepsin D, acid and alkaline phosphatases were studied in
      rhesus monkey endometrium during the menstrual cycle (day -6 to day +10) and pre
      implantation stages (day +3 to day +6) of gestation, with day 0 considered as the
      day of ovulation. Acid hydrolases exhibited low levels in proliferative phase
      endometria followed by their gradual rise in the secretory phase of the menstrual
      cycle. Despite no shifts in the levels of serum progesterone and estradiol-17
      beta, the pre-implantation period was, however, associated with distinct changes
      in enzyme profiles characterized by lower absolute levels (P less than 0.05) of
      acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase on days 3 to 6 of gestation, whereas
      cathepsin D activity declined significantly (P less than 0.05) on days 5 and 6.
      Alkaline phosphatase showed a characteristic rise during the pre-ovulatory period
      with a gradual lowering of its level in post-ovulatory phase endometria of a non
      fertile cycle; in contrast, during early gestation, alkaline phosphatase activity
      showed a marked elevation (P less than 0.05) on days 5 and 6 of gestation. The
      significance of these findings is discussed.

PMID- 3389046
TI  - Peroxidase activity and thyroglobulin iodination activity of thyroid peroxidase
      in non-functioning thyroid tumours.
AB  - Both lesion (L) and adjacent normal (N) thyroid tissue from 48 patients with non
      functioning adenomas and adenomatous goitres were assayed for peroxidase activity
      by the 'mini' assay method employing guaiacol or iodide as the second substrate.
      A considerable proportion of thyroids (46% of adenomas and 22% of adenomatous
      goitres) demonstrated no iodide oxidation activity in L although they had
      guaiacol oxidation activity, and these were grouped as subgroups A. The rest of
      these non-functioning tumours, termed subgroups B, had both guaiacol and iodide
      oxidation activity which was higher (3.0-4.6 times in guaiacol assay and 7.3-14.1
      times in iodide assay) in L than in N. These data indicate that the non
      functioning in subgroups A may be due to a lack of iodide oxidation activity and
      that some other defects such as an iodide transport defect may be involved in
      subgroups B. Furthermore, a precise and rapid assay method for thyroglobulin
      iodination activity of thyroid peroxidase was developed, with modifications of
      previous methods. On the basis of this method, we found that there is a good
      correlation (r = 0.94) between iodide oxidation assay and thyroglobulin
      iodination assay, leading to the conclusion that thyroglobulin iodination assay
      can be replaced by iodide oxidation assay.

PMID- 3389047
TI  - Subcutaneous degradation of biosynthetic human growth hormone in growth hormone
      deficient patients.
AB  - The aim of the present study was to look further into the question of local
      degradation of sc injected human GH in GH deficient patients. A comparison was
      made of serum GH levels after constant iv and sc infusion of the same amount of
      GH (33 ng.kg-1.min-1) in the same 9 GH deficient patients. A 3-h lag period was
      interposed between the iv and the sc infusion. Iv infusion was continued for 3 h.
      All 9 subjects subsequently received sc infusion for 19 h and five of them
      continued for additionally 24 h. The mean steady state serum GH level in the nine
      patients was 23.1 +/- 5.1 micrograms/l after iv and 6.8 +/- micrograms/l after sc
      administration (P less than 0.01). Extension of the sc infusion period in 4 of
      the subjects did not significantly alter the serum GH level (P less than 0.15),
      implying that a steady state was reached. The GH in the infusion system was
      stable throughout a 24-h period. We therefore conclude that sc injected GH is
      degraded locally to a substantial extent.

PMID- 3389048
TI  - Studies on thyroid activity in deoxycorticosterone-salt and Goldblatt two-kidney,
      one-clip hypertensive rats.
AB  - In this paper we studied the role of thyroid gland function in two experimental
      hypertension models with different pathophysiological mechanisms:
      deoxycorticosterone-salt (DOCA-salt, volume dependent) and Goldblatt 2-kidney, 1
      clip (2K1C, renin dependent). DOCA-salt hypertensive rats showed lower T3 and T4
      serum levels by the third week of induced hypertension. Goldblatt 2K1C
      hypertensive rats, however, exhibited normal values for both hormones. Treatment
      with thyroxine accelerated the evolution of hypertension and did not affect the
      PRA of DOCA-salt rats. Radiothyroidectomy inhibited DOCA-salt and Goldblatt 2K1C
      hypertension, and prevented the suppression of PRA in DOCA-salt rats, without
      altering PRA or serum aldosterone in Goldblatt 2K1C rats. These results suggest
      that: a) a thyroid depressing factor is not activated in Goldblatt 2K1C rats; b)
      thyroidectomy interferes with the suppressor effect of mineralocorticoid on renin
      secretion; and c) normal thyroid activity is required for the hypertensive effect
      of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in Goldblatt 2K1C rats.

PMID- 3389049
TI  - Iodothyronine deiodination in rats with severe non-thyroidal illness.
AB  - To investigate the iodothyronine metabolism in non-thyroidal illness (NTI),
      thyroidectomized male Wistar rats bearing the hypercalcemic Walker sarcoma 256
      were substituted with, respectively, 2.3 and 11.5 mumol T4/100 g body weight by
      daily ip injection. Serum T4 and T3 concentrations of euthyroid and hyperthyroid
      tumor-bearing animals markedly decreased to a nadir at day 8 after tumor
      implantation: serum T4 fell to, respectively, 43% (euthyroid) and 26%
      (hyperthyroid) of initial values, serum T3 to 19% (euthyroid) and 26%
      (hyperthyroid). A measurable serum rT3 concentration could not be detected before
      and after tumor implantation. In vitro deiodination of T4 to T3 in liver
      homogenates of the sacrificed animals was not significantly reduced in Walker
      rats compared with control animals. The activity of T4 deiodinase was
      significantly induced in hyperthyroid controls (180%) as well as in hyperthyroid
      Walker rats (155%) in spite of low serum concentrations of T4 and T3. This enzyme
      induction was even more pronounced in animals whose treatment with high T4 doses
      was started after tumor implantation. In these rats the serum concentrations of
      free fatty acids were increased to about 200% of controls. Our data suggest that
      1. the fluctuations of iodothyronine serum concentrations in NTI are mainly
      independent of thyroidal secretion, and 2. the intracellular iodothyronine levels
      in livers of severely sick animals with different thyroid function are not
      greatly altered by NTI, in spite of markedly decreased total serum levels.

PMID- 3389050
TI  - Comparative studies of insulin binding to receptor from adipocytes, hepatocytes,
      monocytes and erythrocytes from the pig. Similarities with insulin receptor
      binding in man.
AB  - We have described the receptor binding of A14-labelled [125I]insulin to viable
      adipocytes, hepatocytes, monocytes and erythrocytes from the pig. For all cell
      types the binding was of high affinity, specific for insulin, the non-specific
      binding low and degradation of insulin in the medium was minimal. At 24 degrees
      C, steady state insulin binding was achieved in all four cell types. At 37
      degrees C, steady state insulin binding could be measured to adipocytes and
      hepatocytes. Specific insulin binding levels and receptor affinity for blood and
      fat cells from the pig are comparable to that in human cells, whereas
      differences, especially according to affinity, exist between pig and rat cell
      insulin receptor binding. It is therefore concluded that the pig is a more
      suitable model for studies of insulin binding in man than rodents. Finally, no
      correlations between the individual binding levels to the different cell types
      were observed. Hence, measurement of insulin binding to the easier available
      blood cells cannot replace studies of insulin binding to target cells of insulin.

PMID- 3389051
TI  - Central effects of catecholamine antagonists on angiotensin-induced vasopressin
      secretion in conscious rats.
AB  - To evaluate the roles for catecholamines in angiotensin II (ANG II)-induced
      vasopressin (AVP) release, we examined in conscious rats the effects of
      intraventricular (ivt) administrations of catecholamine antagonists on plasma AVP
      responses to ivt applications of its agonists and ANG II. Plasma AVP was
      determined by RIA using trunk blood collected after decapitation. Dopamine (0.15
      mumol), phenylephrine (an alpha-adrenergic agonist, 0.15 mumol) or ANG II (48.2
      pmol) augmented plasma AVP 90 sec after the injection, whereas after
      isoproterenol (a beta-adrenergic agonist, 0.15 mumol) plasma AVP was unaffected.
      The plasma AVP responses to both dopamine and ANG II were significantly (P less
      than 0.01) inhibited by haloperidol (a dopamine blocker, 0.15 mumol) given 10 min
      before administration of these agents. Pre-administration of phenoxybenzamine (an
      alpha antagonist, 0.15 mumol) which was confirmed to abolish the effect of
      phenylephrine, or propranolol (a beta antagonist, 0.15 mumol) did not block the
      effect of ANG II. Administration of haloperidol, phenoxybenzamine or propranolol
      alone was without effect on plasma AVP level. On the basis of these results, we
      concluded that ANG II-induced AVP secretion may be mediated and/or modulated by
      dopamine.

PMID- 3389052
TI  - Estrous cycle lengthening by pentobarbital in the rat: prolactin involvement.
AB  - Pentobarbital lengthens the estrous cycle when injected on diestrus 1 afternoon
      in the 4-day cyclic female rat. The present study was undertaken to elucidate the
      mechanisms involved. Bromocriptine (2.5 mg/kg sc) given 30 min before
      pentobarbital (30 mg/kg ip) prevented the effects of pentobarbital on both cycle
      lengthening and progesterone levels in diestrus 2. Serum prolactin concentrations
      rose 10 min after pentobarbital injection, peaked at 30 min, and returned to
      control values after 60 min. Our results suggest that pentobarbital-induced cycle
      lengthening is due to a high progesterone production on diestrus 2 morning
      related to the luteotropic action of prolactin.

PMID- 3389053
TI  - Characterization of a factor from human ovarian follicular fluid which stimulates
      Leydig cell testosterone production.
AB  - A factor from human ovarian follicular fluid (hFF) has been characterized which
      stimulates testosterone production of human, rat, mouse and hamster Leydig cells.
      hFF was obtained from women participating in an in vitro fertilization programme.
      Basal and hCG stimulated testosterone production of rat interstitial cells, and
      Percoll purified Leydig cells were significantly stimulated by hFF. The
      steroidogenic response of the cells was 3-5 fold higher than that obtained after
      stimulation with maximal doses of hCG. A serum pool from the same patients was
      found to be about 30 times less potent than hFF in stimulating steroidogenesis.
      The stimulatory activity was retained after precipitation with ammonium sulphate
      and dialysis. Precipitation with ethanol, ether and acetone resulted in a partial
      loss of activity, whereas extraction with charcoal or heating at 100 degrees C
      for 10 min resulted in significant loss of activity. When hFF was fractionated by
      gel chromatography, the stimulatory activity was eluted in a molecular weight
      region between 30 and 50 kD. The stimulatory factor was further purified by
      chromatofocusing and was eluted as a homogeneous peak with an isoelectric point
      between 8.8 and 9.5. The SDS-PAGE analysis of these fractions, however, revealed
      that the active substance was not homogeneous. The purified factor was
      immunologically distinct from hCG and hLH. These studies demonstrate for the
      first time the presence of a factor in the hFF which may potentiate the action of
      LH in the ovary.

PMID- 3389054
TI  - Direct stimulatory effect of growth hormone on DNA synthesis of fetal chicken
      osteoblasts in culture.
AB  - GH action on cartilage is thought to be mainly mediated through the somatomedins
      produced by the liver. However, recent studies using cultured chondrocytes also
      point to a direct mitogenic action of GH. Besides, a direct action of GH on fetal
      rat tibiae has been demonstrated. This study is the first to show stimulation of
      thymidine uptake as well as DNA synthesis under the influence of physiological
      concentrations of human and chicken GH in fetal chicken osteoblasts in culture.

PMID- 3389055
TI  - Nuclear splits in the cells of human embryonic and fetal liver.

PMID- 3389056
TI  - Impaired fibrin formation in a patient with multiple myeloma presenting the
      "gelation" phenomenon.

PMID- 3389057
TI  - Analysis of platelet antigen for anti-platelet antibodies in idiopathic
      thrombocytopenic purpura using flow cytometry.

PMID- 3389058
TI  - The role of inorganic phosphate in intact human erythrocytes: determined by
      phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

PMID- 3389059
TI  - Prevalence of iron deficiency in Japanese women.

PMID- 3389060
TI  - Generation of oxygen radicals by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes in response
      to nonphagocytosable stimuli.

PMID- 3389061
TI  - Myelodysplastic syndrome in pregnancy with hematological improvement following
      delivery.

PMID- 3389062
TI  - Morphological features and erythropoietin sensitivity of the most primitive
      erythroid cell.

PMID- 3389064
TI  - Attributions and inflammatory bowel disease: patients' perceptions of illness
      causes and the effects of these perceptions on relationships.

PMID- 3389063
TI  - Quality assurance in nursing and nursing diagnosis.

PMID- 3389065
TI  - N.I.S.S. Nursing Information Systems Saskatchewan.

PMID- 3389066
TI  - The health of nurses: their subjective well-being, lifestyle/preventive practices
      and goals for health.

PMID- 3389067
TI  - Alberta Perinatal Scoring System: an introduction for nurses.

PMID- 3389068
TI  - Quality assurance and the nursing budget.

PMID- 3389069
TI  - European stroke prevention study.
AB  - The European Stroke Prevention Study showed: 1. That the association Persantin
      Aspirin reduces stroke and vascular death risks with 36,5% in a population of
      2500 patients. Risk reduction persisted during the two years follow-up and was
      the same for men and women. 2. That this reduction is higher than the reduction
      obtained in all other studies with anti-aggregation prevention. 3. That studies
      with less than 600 patients cannot lead to significant differences.

PMID- 3389070
TI  - Stroke units.

PMID- 3389072
TI  - Does a good model exist for controlled clinical trials in cerebrovascular
      disease?

PMID- 3389071
TI  - The current management of cerebrovascular diseases.

PMID- 3389073
TI  - New developments in prevention, diagnosis and treatment of brain ischaemia.
      Meeting of the Belgian Neurological Society. October 11th, 1986. Proceedings.

PMID- 3389074
TI  - [Bilateral carotid artery occlusion. Analysis of 9 cases].
AB  - The authors report on a series of 9 cases of bilateral internal carotid artery
      occlusion with long-term follow-up. Risk factors, clinical presentation and
      outcome have been reviewed. On basis of angiographic and CT scan features, the
      role of collateral circulation is discussed.

PMID- 3389075
TI  - Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). Clinical features in 34 cases and
      review of literature.
AB  - The clinical features of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo are analysed in 34
      patients. These features are detectable by careful examination and are explained
      by an abnormal stimulation of a posterior semicircular canal of the labyrinth.
      Cupulolithiasis could be the mechanism which makes this cupula gravity-sensitive.

PMID- 3389078
TI  - Skeletal muscle contraction characteristics in vivo in malignant hyperthermia
      susceptible subjects.
AB  - Ten malignant hyperthermia susceptible (MHS) subjects were investigated, all of
      them positive in in vitro tests. As a control group 12 healthy subjects were
      investigated. The investigation was done in a blind fashion during strictly
      standardized conditions. Electromechanical delay of contraction and half
      contraction time to tetanus were faster (P less than 0.05) while half relaxation
      time was shorter in the MHS subjects (P less than 0.05). Skin and intramuscular
      temperature were significantly higher in the MHS subjects (P less than 0.05).
      This indicates that MHS subjects differ in various skeletal muscle
      characteristics during "normal" conditions. Further studies to define the
      temperature level at which the test of muscle function is most discriminating are
      needed before it can be used for diagnostic purposes.

PMID- 3389077
TI  - Early relapse of acute inflammatory polyradiculoneuropathy after successful
      treatment with plasma exchange.
AB  - Symptoms reappeared within 2-4 weeks in 6 of 23 patients with acute Guillain
      Barre syndrome who had demonstrated significant clinical improvement following
      plasma exchange therapy; all however improved to full recovery after a second
      series of plasma exchanges. The procedure appears to be associated with increased
      risk of early relapse. Our observations suggest that a relationship may exist
      between rapid removal of large amounts of plasma and the possibility of relapse.

PMID- 3389076
TI  - [Multiple cranial nerve involvement associated with tentorial pachymeningitis of
      granulomatous type].
AB  - Otitis media in a 43 year-old male patient was followed by signs of chronic
      meningitis with persistent headaches, moderate pleiomorphic lymphocytosis of CSF
      without hypoglycorrhachia and unilateral impairment of cranial nerves XI to II.
      These signs were accompanied by widespread inflammation with general
      deterioration of the patient's condition. After a time the tentorium of
      cerebellum showed thickening and significant contrast uptake in conjunction with
      necrotizing granulomatous inflammation, indicating tentorial pachymeningitis.
      Swift and complete remission was obtained with a corticoid-cyclophosphamide
      combination. After reviewing the other possible causes of chronic meningitis, the
      authors proposed a diagnosis of Wegener's disease of auricular origin in view of
      the compatibility of all the data. A few cases of cranial pachymeningitis of
      indeterminate origin are described in the literature. Only this patient was
      treated with a corticoid-cyclophosphamide combination. The remarkable efficacy of
      this double therapy confirms the diagnostic hypothesis of Wegener's
      granulomatosis.

PMID- 3389079
TI  - Detection of brainstem lesions in multiple sclerosis: comparison of brainstem
      auditory evoked potentials with nuclear magnetic resonance imaging.
AB  - Topographical information provided by brainstem auditory evoked potentials
      (BAEPs) was investigated in 43 patients by comparison with cerebral nuclear
      magnetic resonance imaging (NMR). Lesions in the region of the brainstem auditory
      pathways were demonstrated by BAEPs in 44.2%, and in 39.5% by NMR. As regards
      brainstem levels, in 15/21 (71.4%) with abnormal findings at least one lesion was
      verified by NMR-matched BAEP results. The study confirms the topographical
      information provided by the BAEPs on the different levels of the brainstem, but
      not the assumption that generation of the BAEPs is predominantly ipsilateral.
      BAEPs retain their importance for the detection of disseminated lesions in the
      diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) in the era of expensive imaging methods.

PMID- 3389080
TI  - "Chronic painter's syndrome". A reanalysis of psychological test data in a group
      of diagnosed cases, based on comparisons with matched controls.
AB  - Twenty solvent-exposed workers, most of them painters, had been diagnosed as
      cases of toxic encephalopathy in 1978/79. Two years later they were re-examined
      with an extensive battery of neuropsychological tests. Their performance was
      unchanged on retesting. We have now compared their test results with those of non
      exposed control subjects. Previous impressions of significant intellectual
      impairment in the solvent-exposed patients could not be confirmed when the
      influence of age, education, and intelligence was taken into consideration. The
      present group with presumed toxic encephalopathy is assumed to be representative
      of other patients who were similarly diagnosed in our department. The presently
      reanalyzed cases had been diagnosed as brain damaged and reported as such in the
      literature. Thus, they may have contributed to the formation of the concept of
      the "chronic painters' syndrome" with dementia.

PMID- 3389081
TI  - Myasthenia gravis treated with ciclosporin.
AB  - Six patients (4 females, 2 males) with generalized myasthenia gravis (MG) have
      been treated in an open study with ciclosporin (5-10 mg/kg/day), originally for
      28 weeks. The age of the patients ranged from 16-61 years and the duration of
      symptoms from 5-30 years. Four of the patients had been thymectomized.
      Ciclosporin was added to prednisolone in 5 of the patients. Three of these had in
      addition previously used azathioprine without satisfactory improvement. The
      efficacy was measured by scoring the degree of muscle weakness on clinical
      examination and by scoring of the patients' personal assessment of their
      fatigability and muscle strength. In 5 patients there was a moderate to marked
      improvement in muscle strength and fatigueability on ciclosporin therapy. In one
      patient the effect was slight to moderate. The degree of improvement was similar
      in the one patient who received ciclosporin alone and in those also using
      prednisolone. The levels of anti ACh-r antibodies decreased in 3 patients,
      increased in 2, and were unchanged in one patient. Side effects known to occur on
      ciclosporin therapy were noticed, but they were tolerable in all patients. An
      increase in serum creatinine (mean 10%) and decrease in creatinine clearance
      (mean 21%) were seen in all patients. The treatment with ciclosporin has been
      continued in all 6 patients, but the dosage has been reduced to 5 mg/kg/day.
      Deterioration 3-4 weeks after discontinuation of ciclosporin was seen in one
      case, but resumption of therapy resulted in improvement as before. The total
      treatment period is now 24-34 months (March, 1987).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3389082
TI  - Computed tomography in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis: report of 15 cases.
AB  - Computerized tomographic (CT) study of the brain was performed in 15 cases of
      subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE). Most patients in Stage II (6/8) had
      cerebral edema and diffuse white matter low attenuation, and patients in Stages
      III and IV (5/7) had atrophy of cerebral cortex, brainstem and cerebellum. Low
      density areas in deep grey matter nuclei (5 cases), large focal areas of white
      matter hypodensity (3/15) and evidence of brainstem atrophy without cerebral
      atrophy (2/15) were features not hitherto described. One patient in Stage III had
      normal scan. Correlation of scan findings was better with the stage of the
      disease than with the duration of SSPE.

PMID- 3389083
TI  - Left thalamic hypertensive haemorrhage presenting as transient global amnesia.
AB  - A case is described which presented as transient global amnesia (TGA) due to a
      critically placed intracerebral hypertensive haematoma in the left thalamic
      region, with epileptic discharges arising from the same area. It is proposed that
      intracerebral haematomas may occasionally present as a clinically well-defined
      neurological syndrome. The deficit in such cases is probably not due to the
      underlying direct tissue damage but secondary to indirect pressure or ischaemic
      insults.

PMID- 3389084
TI  - Status epilepticus complicating migraine.
AB  - We describe 2 patients who developed status epilepticus in association with
      migraine attacks. One patient died and at the autopsy had ischaemic changes
      confined to the occipital lobes. The second patient made an uneventful recovery.

PMID- 3389085
TI  - Corneal elasticity and ocular rigidity in normal and keratoconic eyes.
AB  - The elastic properties of a given tissue may be characterized by Youngs Modulus
      (Y) which relates the stress (force per unit cross sectional area) and the
      resultant strain (the relative linear deformation). Cornea and sclera react to
      stress by a biphasic viscoelastic response consisting of a quick immediate
      deformation followed by a further slow deformation. Thus, it is necessary to
      distinguish between Y determined from the immediate elastic response (Yi) and Y
      determined in steady state (Ys). In a normal (n = 29) and a keratoconic group (n
      = 27) the ocular rigidity (E) was determined as estimate of the Yi of the ocular
      tunics. Further based on measurements of intraocular pressure, corneal diameter,
      corneal shape and thickness profile that value of Ys which represents elastic
      minimum energy content in the actual corneal membrane was estimated in the two
      groups. E as well as Ys were found to be significantly lower in keratoconic eyes
      compared with normals and uncorrelated to each other in the two groups.

PMID- 3389086
TI  - Acute cataract in the rat after exposure to radiation in the 300 nm wavelength
      region. A study of the macro-, micro- and ultrastructure.
AB  - Experimental and epidemiological data indicate a correlation between exposure to
      UV radiation and cataract morbidity. UV radiation induced cataract is thought to
      be evoked by photochemical mechanisms. The present investigation resolves the
      macroscopical events in the rat lens after a one dose exposure to spectrally and
      radiometrically well defined UV radiation, as revealed in light- and dark-field
      illumination. The macroscopic sequence of events is related to the morphology as
      revealed by light- and electron microscopy. The radiation was found to alter the
      chromatin pattern and to induce morphological changes indicating a disturbance of
      the cellular water balance. The latter is assumed to cause the acute UV radiation
      induced opacification of the lens. It is suggested that future investigations of
      the toxic effects of UV radiation in the lens should focus on how UV radiation
      affects the chromatin and the cellular water balance.

PMID- 3389087
TI  - The calcium and magnesium content of the human lens and aqueous humour. A study
      in patients with hypocalcemic and senile cataract.
AB  - Previous observations of raised calcium content in mature senile cataract are
      confirmed in the present study. Also human hypocalcemic cataract showed increased
      amounts of calcium in accordance with previous observations in animals. On the
      other hand, the magnesium content of the lens was not influenced by cataract
      development. The calcium aqueous/serum ratio was similar in all examined groups
      (normal, hypocalcemic-, incipient-, and mature senile cataract), whereas the
      corresponding magnesium ratio was elevated in the cataract patients. This
      observation may indicate a possible connection between magnesium metabolism and
      the development of cataract.

PMID- 3389088
TI  - Frequency of lattice degeneration and retinal breaks in the fellow eye in retinal
      detachment.
AB  - The fellow eye of 100 consecutively admitted cases of retinal detachment was
      studied with three-mirror examination for the presence of lattice degeneration
      and retinal breaks. Lattice degeneration was found in 18% and retinal breaks in
      20% of fellow eyes.

PMID- 3389089
TI  - Long-term visual results after laser treatment of proliferative diabetes
      retinopathy in childhood onset diabetes.
AB  - Ninety-seven laser treated eyes from 55 highly selected childhood onset diabetics
      (diabetes before the age of 15, proliferative retinopathy before the age of 31,
      and a follow-up time of at least 5 years) were examined retrospectively. The eyes
      were divided into two groups, with or without high-risk characteristics according
      to DRS classification. They were all treated with a blue-green argon laser in the
      years 1974 to 1981. Of 34 eyes with high-risk characteristics, 12 (35%) were
      blind (less than FC 1 M) after 5 years. Of 63 eyes without high-risk
      characteristics, 8 (13%) were blind after 5 years.

PMID- 3389090
TI  - Instant photographic refractometry in children.
AB  - A simple photographic method for detection and measurement of refractive errors
      in children, using a specially designed camera and electronic flash unit and
      'instant' (Polaroid) film, was tested on 64 children, aged 3 to 8 years, and
      compared with the results from retinoscopy. The refractive errors ranged from 
      6.5 to +6.5 D. A light reflex in the pupil was observed on the photos of all
      children with hyperopia greater than = 0.5 and myopia greater than = 2.0 D. A
      curvilinear relationship was observed (in the range -2 to -4 and +0.5 to +3 D)
      between the width of the light reflex in the pupil, easily measured on the photos
      and the degree of refractive error, determined by retinoscopy. The degree of
      ametropia could be estimated with reasonable accuracy (+/- 0.5 D) in the interval
      from -2 to -4 D and +0.5 to +3 D. The method can demonstrate the type and, to a
      limited extent, also the degree of refraction anomaly and may be of value in
      screening for refractive errors in children.

PMID- 3389091
TI  - Disc haemorrhages and glaucoma in a general ophthalmic practice.
AB  - The composition of the clientele from an ophthalmological practitioner's office
      is described with special reference to the occurrence of glaucoma and disc
      haemorrhages (h in singular; hh in plural). This study could not be planned as an
      epidemiological survey and gives no clue to sensitivity or specificity of hh in
      glaucoma. During a period of about 10 years ending with 1986 there were 731
      patients with h and/or glaucoma. When detected, 185 patients had h but no
      glaucoma, 33 had both h and glaucoma and 513 had glaucoma but no h. During the
      follow-up period hh were detected in 83 cases of glaucoma, and glaucoma developed
      in 27 cases with hh. The detection rate of hh among glaucoma was low but steady,
      indicating that hh may occur at any stage of the glaucoma process. This study
      shows no predilection for hh in cases with general hypertension or diabetes, nor
      is the frequency of hh among pseudoexfoliation cases significantly lower than
      among cases without this stigma.

PMID- 3389092
TI  - Retinal detachment treated by pneumatic retinopexy.
AB  - Pneumatic retinopexy has been employed for the treatment of uncomplicated
      rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in 12 patients, with retinal tear(s) situated
      between 8 and 4 o'clock. The operations were performed using transconjunctival
      cryothermy and intravitreal gas-injection of sulphurhexafluoride or
      perfluoropropane. All patients were followed for more than 6 months. Retinal
      attachment was achieved in 10 patients following the first surgical procedure.
      The post-operative visual acuity was 6/12 or better in 8 patients, a further 2
      patients had visual acuity of 6/36 or better. Pneumatic retinopexy was found to
      be an efficient and simple operative procedure for selected cases of retinal
      detachment, with results comparable to conventional operative procedures.

PMID- 3389093
TI  - Pseudopapilledema associated with abnormally small optic discs.
AB  - Using Littmann's method for correcting the magnification of central fundus
      photographs, we determined the absolute size of 35 unselected optic discs with
      pseudopapilledema. The optic disc area (1.95 +/- 0.33 mm2 (mean and SD)) was
      significantly (P less than 0.001, Student's t-test ) smaller than standard values
      of normal unselected optic nerve heads (2.73 +/- 0.76 mm2). There was no cupping
      in the discs with pseudopapilledema. Coefficients of variation for intraobserver
      re-evaluation were 0.045, and for interobserver re-evaluation 0.08. The markedly
      reduced optic disc size coincide with an abnormally small optic nerve scleral
      canal may inhibit the intraaxoplasmatic flow with secondary swelling of the
      juxtapapillary optic nerve fibers. This may lead t o prominence and indistinct
      borders of the optic disc. Pseudopapilledema might be related to optic nerve head
      drusen, which are also associated with abnormally small optic discs.

PMID- 3389094
TI  - Objective evaluation of binocular function with pattern reversal VER. IV. Effect
      of spatial and temporal frequency.
AB  - The effects of changing spatial and temporal frequencies on the amplitude of
      pattern reversal monocular and binocular visual evoked response (VER) were
      investigated. The pattern reversal VER and the degree of binocular summation
      (binocular VER amplitude/monocular VER amplitude) were lowest at the spatial
      frequency (check size) of 0.3 cycles per degree (CPD) and highest at the spatial
      frequency of 4.0 CPD. The largest VER amplitudes were observed at 1.2 CPD under
      both the binocular and monocular recording conditions. Regarding the effects of
      changing temporal frequency (alteration or reversal rate) on the pattern reversal
      VER, the transient condition (1.5 to 3.0 Hz) did not produce significant
      binocular summation. At the higher temporal frequencies (6 to 12 Hz), significant
      binocular summation was produced compared with the transient stimulus condition.
      At very high temporal frequencies, the degree of the binocular summation showed a
      decrease. From these results, we selected a pattern with an element around 1.2
      CPD with a relatively swift temporal frequency for evaluating binocular function
      with the pattern reversal VER.

PMID- 3389095
TI  - Quantitative tear ferning. Methodologic and experimental investigations.
AB  - The reproducibility of different tear-ferning methods has been investigated by
      double tests on 122 subjects. Rough grading according to Rolando gives identical
      recovery in only 42 to 50%. Quantitative test (mm2 ferning per 1 microliter) of
      conjunctival fluid drawn with a glass rod according to Rolando gave a coefficient
      of variation of 99 to 128%. Aspiration with a quantitative pipette acc. to Norn
      79%, and 55% for a standardized dilution (2.5 microliters of water) in the same
      pipette. The coefficient of variation was lower between tear samples aspirated
      through a thin capillary tube (1 mm = 0.5 microliter) from the lateral part of
      the tear meniscus (35%), and with a standardized tear volume (2.5 microliters)
      only 6.4%. Ferning is obstructed by ointment, fat emulsion dropped on the
      conjunctiva and mucous thread, but not by a glass slide rubber with stearin. A
      quantitative test with a capillary tube (2.5 microliters of aspirated lacrimal
      fluid) showed reduced ferning 30 sec after instillation of methylcellulose (2.5%)
      and arachis oil, and after expression of meibomian gland secretion. No
      significant alteration was observed after instillation of water or stimulation of
      the tear secretion by nasal inhalation of NH4OH.

PMID- 3389096
TI  - Optic disc swelling in an insulin-dependent diabetic. A result of drastic
      improvement of glucose control?
AB  - Rapid improvement of glucose control in diabetics may cause a transient
      progression of ischemic retinopathy. We report a transient bilateral acute
      asymptomatic optic disc swelling associated with rapid improvement of metabolic
      control in a male Type I diabetic. It is d, suggested that the optic disc
      swelling could be caused n of by a rapid near-normal normalization of the blood
      glucose.

PMID- 3389097
TI  - Acanthamoeba keratitis, clinico-pathological report of 2 cases.
AB  - Acanthamoebae have in the last 14 years been reported to be responsible for
      severe keratitis in an increasing number of cases. To our knowledge this is the
      first report of acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) in Scandinavia. Two young males, both
      wearing soft contact lenses for extended wear, developed long lasting, therapy
      resistant keratitis. As the keratitis progressed to risk of perforation,
      keratoplasty was performed on the clinical, and in the one case biopsy-proven
      diagnosis of AK. Histopathology on the removed discs demonstrated the presence of
      typical acanthamoebae in the corneal stroma. The observation period after
      keratoplasty is at present 5 and 20 months, respectively. Both grafts have
      remained clear and visual acuity is 6/9-6/12 with glasses.

PMID- 3389098
TI  - Outpatient anterior chamber lens implantation.
AB  - 100 outpatient and 143 inpatient intracapsular cataract extractions with anterior
      chamber lens implantation were examined 6 months post-operatively. 74 (74%) in
      the former and 107 (75%) in the latter achieved visual acuity greater than or
      equal to 0.5. Excluding non-surgical pathology, 93% in the outpatient group and
      98% in the inpatient group had a visual acuity greater than or equal to 0.5 (P =
      0.12). There were no significant differences in post-operative complications
      except for the incidence of cystoid macular edema. Six (6%) of the outpatient and
      1 (0.7%) of the inpatient procedures had cystoid macular edema that resulted in a
      visual acuity below 0.5 (P = 0.02).

PMID- 3389099
TI  - Predictive value of flow cytometric DNA-analysis on fresh retinoblastoma tissue.
AB  - The cellular DNA content and the distribution of tumour cells in different phases
      of the cell cycles has been analysed in 8 consecutive enucleated eyes with
      retinoblastoma. All tumours had abnormal ploidy levels. The analysis did not
      reveal any specific pattern in 2 tumours which had metastasized compared to 6
      local tumours. The flow cytometric analysis alone or in combination with
      histopathology appeared not to improve the classification of large
      retinoblastomas.

PMID- 3389101
TI  - Respiratory arrest after retrobulbar block.
AB  - We describe a patient who suffered respiratory arrest some minutes after
      retrobulbar block before cataract extraction. She was managed by artificial
      respiration for 20 min, and after the had recovered from this potentially fatal
      complication cataract extraction was performed without complications and without
      any neurological sequelae. Retrobulbar blocks, as well as other retrobulbar,
      injections, should be performed only in safe situations. Individuals trained in
      airway maintenance and ventilatory support should be immediately available, and
      the patient must be monitored for at least 10 min after the retrobulbar
      injection.

PMID- 3389100
TI  - Low glycation level and browning in human cataracts.
AB  - The extent of human cataract glycation has been determined by the 5-HMF/TBA
      method in 236 samples (53 from diabetic patients and 183 from non-diabetic
      controls). The brownish-yellow coloration typical of the advanced products of the
      Maillard reaction was measured spectrophotometrically. Glycation of crystallins
      was three times higher in diabetics than in controls, and was positively
      correlated with age in the latter group. The two groups did not differ
      significantly as regards the degree of browning, which was also uncorrelated with
      the primary products measured by the 5-HMF/TBA method. It is concluded that lens
      glycation is relatively mild and does not determine the intensity of the
      characteristic brownish-yellow colour of diabetic and senile cataracts. It is
      suggested that other coloured compounds produced with age interfere at the
      relevant wavelengths.

PMID- 3389102
TI  - Remarkable success of antioxidant treatment (selenomethionine and vitamin E) to a
      34-year old patient with posterior subcapsular cataract, keratoconus, severe
      atopic eczema and asthma.

PMID- 3389103
TI  - Biometry of the anterior chamber depth.

PMID- 3389104
TI  - Electrocochleographic changes in relation to cochlear histopathology in
      experimental endolymphatic hydrops.
AB  - The relation between electrocochleographic and histological changes in
      experimental endolymphatic hydrops was studied 1, 2, 4, or 8 months after
      obliteration of the endolymphatic sac. An increase in the compound Action
      Potential (AP) threshold was found 2, 4, and 8 months after obliteration. This
      increase was strongly correlated with loss of outer hair cells, nerve fibres and
      spiral ganglion cells. An enhanced negative Summating Potential (SP) and an
      enhanced SP-AP ratio were found mainly in animals with an endolymphatic hydrops
      without further cochlear pathology. A normal or decreased SP and SP-AP ratio was
      regularly recorded in animals with both an endolymphatic hydrops and a variety of
      other histopathological changes in the inner ear. An increased second peak (N2)
      in the AP waveform was recorded from 63% (15/24) of the hydropic ears, equally
      divided over the four groups. There was no obvious correlation between the
      increased N2 and other electrophysiological or histological findings.

PMID- 3389105
TI  - Degradation of the homogeneous substance in the endolymphatic sac.
AB  - The accumulation and degradation of a homogeneous precipitate in the lumen of the
      endolymphatic sac (ES) was studied in mice. Filling of the endolymphatic sac was
      induced by surgical labyrinthectomy and the sacs were studied 1-8 weeks
      postoperatively. The initial phase (1-2 weeks postlabyrinthectomy) was
      characterized by filling of the ES with the homogeneous precipitate. The number
      of freely floating cells in the lumen was increased after two weeks. Three weeks
      postoperatively the ES lumen was generally clear, with apparently no stainable
      material. Ultrastructural analysis of the ES showed that this clearance of the
      endolymphatic space resulted from degradational activity in the epithelial cells
      initiated in the proximal portion of the sac. Breakdown of the homogeneous
      substance seemed to result from cellular ingestion with concomitant lysosomal
      digestion. Four weeks postoperatively cell clusters were observed subepithelially
      and were filled with densely staining precipitate, indicating that these cells or
      macrophages were involved in the turnover of the homogeneous substance in the ES.
      The functional significance of a degradational system of this substance in the ES
      is discussed.

PMID- 3389106
TI  - Investigation of the physiological basis of summating potential changes in
      endolymphatic hydrops.
AB  - An increase in the ratio of the summating potential to the action potential
      components of the electrocochleogram is known to be a feature of endolymphatic
      hydrops. We investigated the value of the SP/AP ratio in response to condensation
      and rarefaction click stimuli delivered separately. In patients with
      electrophysiological evidence of endolymphatic hydrops there was found to be a
      significantly greater SP/AP ratio to condensation clicks than rarefaction clicks.
      This finding supports the hypothesis that the increased SP/AP ratio in hydrops is
      due to mechanical asymmetry of the basilar membrane.

PMID- 3389107
TI  - The low temperature vacuum embedding technique for X-ray microanalysis of the
      developing inner ear.
AB  - The method of low-temperature embedding in vacuo using methacrylate resins, was
      tested for X-ray microanalysis of the embryonic inner ear of the CBA/CBA mouse.
      Fetal inner ears were examined on gestational days 16 and 18. The technique was
      evaluated in comparison with earlier used preparation techniques for X-ray
      microanalysis. With plastic embedding, an improvement of the morphological
      resolution was achieved, which allows reliable structural identification on the
      subcellular level. Furthermore, the possibility of orientating of the specimen
      prior to sectioning provides a better controlled and less time-consuming
      sectioning.

PMID- 3389108
TI  - Changes in cochlear blood flow during acoustic stimulation as determined by 14C
      iodoantipyrine autoradiography.
AB  - Local blood flow was measured in the tissues of the cochlea using the
      [14C]iodoantipyrine autoradiographic technique. Flow observed without acoustic
      stimulation was compared with that seen during exposure to wide-band noise at 85
      or 105 dB SPL. Compared with the unexposed cochlea, substantial increases in
      blood flow were observed during exposure to 85 dB SPL noise in the spiral
      ganglion, VIII nerve and spiral lamina. Little or no change was noted in external
      wall structures. These results are consistent with changes in cochlear metabolism
      which have been reported previously using similar techniques, suggesting that
      increases in blood flow may be linked to increases in local metabolism. No
      changes in blood flow were measured during exposure to 105 dB SPL noise. This
      result is similar to those of other investigators using potentially damaging
      intensities of acoustic stimulation.

PMID- 3389109
TI  - The role of type II collagen autoimmunity in otosclerosis revisited.
AB  - A recent theory, suggesting that otosclerosis results from autoreactivity to type
      II collagen present in the fetal cartilaginous remnants of the human bony
      labyrinth, is based on two observations. Otosclerotic patients have increased
      concentrations of circulating antibody to type II collagen, and immunization of
      rodents with cartilage collagen induces 'otosclerosis-like' lesions. Independent
      researchers have been unable to confirm the first promising results. No
      significant abnormalities could be found in immunized animals. We report the
      result of type II collagen antibody recordings in a well described group of
      otosclerotic patients and controls, and the histological findings in temporal
      bones of MRL/1-mice with spontaneous type II collagen autoreactivity. Our results
      cannot support the view of autoreactivity to type II collagen as an
      etiopathogenetic factor in otosclerosis.

PMID- 3389110
TI  - Histological study of chronic electrode implantation through the round window of
      the guinea pig.
AB  - A platinum-iridium electrode with a Teflon cover tube was chronically implanted
      through the round window into the scala tympani of the guinea pig. Animals were
      sacrificed at 30 to 40 weeks after electrode implantation, and the cochleae were
      observed by scanning electron microscopy or with light microscopy. The results
      revealed that the electrode was firmly enclosed with fibrous tissue on the inside
      of the round window and with epithelial tissue on the outside. These tissues were
      considered to act as a barrier to the entry of infection while preventing leakage
      of the perilymph.

PMID- 3389111
TI  - The ototoxic potential of EMLA. A new local anesthetic for the tympanic membrane.
AB  - Instillation of EMLA, a new local anesthetic, into the middle ear of the guinea
      pig caused severe morphological damage to the organ of Corti in the first 4 mm
      from the round window. Further up the cochlea, only derangements of the
      stereocilia were found. The extent of morphological damage was the same, whether
      the agent was administered once or several times. The ototoxic potential of EMLA
      was obvious and is probably due to direct damage in areas where present in high
      concentrations. Over a short distance of approximately 0.1 mm there is a
      transition from a total destruction of the organ of Corti to a completely normal
      morphology.

PMID- 3389112
TI  - The origin of autonomic nerves of the Eustachian tube as studied by the
      horseradish peroxidase tracer method.
AB  - Autonomic innervation of the Eustachian tube mucosa was investigated by the
      horseradish peroxidase retrograde tracing method. The Eustachian tube mucosa was
      found to be sympathetically innervated by fibres originating in the ipsilateral
      superior and middle cervical ganglia, but not by those originating in the
      stellate ganglion. The Eustachian tube mucosa was also innervated by fibres
      originating in the pterygopalatine ganglion, but not by those originating in the
      otic ganglion. The innervation from the pterygopalatine ganglion was considered
      to be parasympathetic.

PMID- 3389113
TI  - Inner ear effects of exogenous hyaluronan in the middle ear of the rat.
AB  - 1.9% hyaluronan (HA) (mol. wt. 3 x 10(6] was applied repeatedly into the middle
      ear of rats through a myringotomy. The function and structure of the cochlea was
      analysed by auditory brainstem recordings (ABR) at 2-31.5 kHz and by light
      microscopy. The myringotomy significantly impaired the ABR thresholds at
      frequencies below 8 kHz. Five days after the last application of HA, the ABR
      thresholds showed minor improvements at 6-8 kHz but were impaired at 12 and 20
      kHz, as compared with control levels. One month after the last administration of
      HA, ABR thresholds were significantly improved as compared with the initial level
      at 2-6 kHz but normal at all other frequencies. After 3 months, all ABR
      thresholds had returned to the pre-treatment (normal) level. Five days after the
      last application of HA, the latencies for almost all frequencies were
      significantly prolonged for waves II and IV at the ABR threshold. After 3 months
      all latencies had returned to their pre-treatment (normal) values. Highly
      concentrated hyaluronan (1.9%) is free from ototoxicity but does have transient
      functional effects on the inner ear.

PMID- 3389114
TI  - Ultrastructure of the organ of Corti in experimental hydrops.
AB  - The early ultrastructural changes of the organ of Corti in the guinea pig after
      obliteration of the endolymphatic sac and duct were examined in a time-sequence
      study. Initial loss of outer hair cells was followed by inner hair cell
      degeneration, both starting at the apical part of the cochlea. Morphological
      changes of the sensory cells were found to start at the endolymphatic surface and
      were characterized by a variety of sterociliary pathologies, distortion of the
      cuticular plate and a less prominent contrast-staining of glycocalyx. Further
      degeneration was marked by pathological changes of intracellular organelles and
      the afferent and efferent nerve endings. Details of the ultrastructural changes
      in the organ of Corti are discussed with regard to the pathophysiology of
      experimental hydrops.

PMID- 3389115
TI  - Electrophysiological and HRP studies of the direct afferent inputs from the
      cochlear nuclei to the tensor tympani muscle motoneurons in the cat.
AB  - The direct fiber connections from the cochlear nuclei to the tensor tympani
      muscle (TTM) motoneurons were investigated by means of electrophysiological and
      horseradish peroxidase (HRP) methods, using cats. When HRP was injected into
      motoneuron region of the TTM, HRP-labelled cells were found bilaterally in the
      dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) and ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN). When the
      electrical stimulus was applied to the cochlear nucleus, the TTM motoneurons
      fired spikes monosynaptically with s short latency. These histological and
      electrophysiological results indicate the existence of direct fiber connections
      from the bilateral cochlear nuclei to the TTM motoneurons.

PMID- 3389116
TI  - Histological study of the thin replacement membrane of human tympanic membrane
      perforations.
AB  - A histological study was done on the thin, nearly transparent replacement
      membrane of tympanic membrane perforations. Human tympanic membranes that were
      rejected for transplantation, were studied by light and electron microscopy. The
      abrupt reduction in thickness at the margin of the covered perforation, is
      entirely due to the reduction of the lamina propria. Even in the thinnest parts
      of the replacement membrane, a lamina propria is present, separated by continuous
      basement membranes from the epithelium and mucosa, and measuring no more than
      some 2-3 microns in thickness. This lamina propria consists of fibrils and
      interfibrillar matrix, but fibroblasts appear to be lacking. The epithelial layer
      does not contain basal cells, confirming the thesis that the upper layers are not
      generated by in situ proliferation, but that they have migrated from the
      periphery.

PMID- 3389117
TI  - The pre- and postnatal maturation of the epithelium in the endolymphatic sac. An
      electron microscopic survey.
AB  - The cellular development of the endolymphatic sac was studied in the CBA/CBA
      mouse, starting from day 10 of gestation following the different stages of
      maturation up to an adult age of one month. The first immature cylindrical cells
      lining the future sac in several cell layers are seen at day 12 of gestation. At
      day 18 of gestation, a true sac appears and a floccular precipitate is frequently
      found in its lumen together with signs of increased activity in the still
      immature epithelial cells. Approximately one day before birth the first signs of
      the future light and dark cells can be distinguished. At day 4 post partum the
      cells are more differentiated with some showing signs of secretory activity
      indicating that these cells start to function at this stage. Eight days after
      birth differentiation into distinguishable almost mature light and dark cells is
      seen. Two days later these epithelial cells have obtained a fully mature
      appearance. At 14 days after birth widened lateral intercellular spaces
      separating the epithelial cells can be visualized and a few free floating cells
      are found in the sac lumen. The sac epithelium is thus considered to have
      completed its maturation process at this stage.

PMID- 3389118
TI  - Asymmetry of vertical optokinetic after-nystagmus in squirrel monkeys.
AB  - Asymmetry of vertical optokinetic after-nystagmus (OKAN) was studied in 6
      squirrel monkeys. The slow-phase eye velocity (SPEV) of upward OKAN first-phase
      (OKAN-I) increased with increasing stimulus velocity, whereas the SPEV of
      downward OKAN-I diminished. The time constant of OKAN-I was shortened with the
      increase in stimulus speed in both directions. With a downward stimulus, the
      short stimulus duration failed to produce OKAN second-phase (OKAN-II) (upward
      slow-phase); however, with an increase in stimulus duration, the percentage
      appearance increased. There was no change in percentage appearance, regardless of
      the duration of upward stimulus. The asymmetry of OKAN-I and that of OKAN-II
      differed to a certain degree.

PMID- 3389119
TI  - Long-term modifications of vertical and horizontal vestibulo-ocular reflex
      dynamics in man. I. After acute unilateral peripheral vestibular paralysis.
AB  - Horizontal (HOR) and vertical (VERT) vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) responses to
      whole-body triangular velocity profiles with constant accelerations of 10, 15 and
      20 deg/s2 were studied in two populations: normals, and patients with acute
      unilateral peripheral vestibular paralysis. The effect of this type of unilateral
      deficit on VOR gain and long time constant were determined as well as the time
      course of the compensation processes for HOR and VERT VOR dynamics. In the
      patient population, HOR VOR gain was asymmetric post deficit, being, on average,
      50% and 75% of normal for rotations toward and away from the deficit,
      respectively. For the VERT VOR, on average, a symmetric 66% reduction occurred.
      The VERT VOR time constant was marginally affected by the deficit. HOR time
      constants were reduced for both directions of rotation. HOR and VERT VOR gain was
      within normal limits 1-3 months following an acute paralysis; time constants
      required a longer recovery period. Our results indicate that a unilateral deficit
      causes a markedly different alteration for HOR VOR dynamics compared to the
      effect on VERT VOR.

PMID- 3389120
TI  - Analysis of symptoms and clinical signs in the maxillary sinus empyema.
AB  - One hundred and fifty-five patients with complaints indicating acute sinusitis
      were examined and their symptoms and signs registered. The final diagnosis-
      maxillary sinus empyema versus not empyema--was established by means of antral
      aspiration. A computer-based analysis of clinical data demonstrated the
      significance of the clinical examination. Local symptoms such as pain and
      purulent rhinorrhea with unilateral predominance were particularly guiding, even
      in bilateral cases, while nasal obstruction, tenderness during percussion, and
      affected general condition were not. With an overall reliability of about 85%,
      appropriate therapy can be suggested based on the clinical findings alone.

PMID- 3389121
TI  - Experimental acute sinusitis in rabbits. A bacteriological and histological
      study.
AB  - A bacteriological and histological study of experimentally induced acute
      pneumococcal sinusitis was performed in 69 New Zealand White rabbits. The sinus
      ostium was blocked on one side on the first day of the experiment. On the second
      day, 10(7)-10(9) Streptococcus pneumoniae in 1 ml were injected into the same
      sinus cavity. Purulent sinusitis developed unilaterally in all rabbits.
      Histological examination of the sinus mucosa revealed edema, dilated venules,
      leukocytic infiltration of the mucosa as well as localized epithelial lesions. On
      staining with acridine orange at pH 4.0, the bacteria were observed in the
      secretion but not in the mucosa. When we used Streptococcus pneumoniae subjected
      to an animal passage, the bacteria were re-isolated in 9/10 infected sinuses.
      Neither sole occlusion of the ostium nor injection of pneumococci into a sinus
      cavity with a patent ostium resulted in a bacterial sinusitis. Obstruction of the
      sinus ostium and the use of a virulent Streptococcus pneumoniae strain were
      essential for the induction of sinusitis in rabbits.

PMID- 3389122
TI  - Juvenile laryngeal papillomatosis. An epidemiological study from the Copenhagen
      region.
AB  - All 23 patients treated for juvenile laryngeal papillomatosis (JLP) in the
      Copenhagen region during a 4-year-period were identified for this epidemiological
      study. The incidence of JLP was 0.6/100,000 among the population at risk,
      children aged 0-14 years, and the prevalence was 0.8/100,000. It is concluded
      that the condition in most cases has a good prognosis, i.e., short duration and
      low morbidity. Only in a few cases JLP will take a long-lasting course.
      Regression before or during puberty does not in all cases ensure complete
      recovery. Thus, 7 of 12 adult patients experienced a quiescent period of 21 years
      (median). Spread of papillomas to the bronchogenic system seems to be a serious
      prognostic sign.

PMID- 3389123
TI  - Comparative study of the physiological properties of the vocalis and cricothyroid
      muscles.
AB  - Viable tissue samples of the vocalis muscle and pars recta portion of the
      cricothyroid muscle were dissected from the excised larynges of middle-aged,
      male, mixed breed dogs. The samples were maintained in an aerated Krebs-Ringer
      solution and curarized. Temperature and pH were controlled. Field stimulation was
      performed with parallel-plate platinum electrodes. Using a dual mode ergometer,
      in vitro measurements were made at increased levels of strain. Least-squares
      regression analyses were performed on contraction times and 50% relaxation times
      as a function of strain. Results of this investigation indicated important
      differences in the active and passive properties of the pars recta portion of the
      cricothyroid and the vocalis muscle. The mean contraction time of the vocalis
      muscle was 24 ms and that of the cricothyroid muscle, 33.5 ms. The mean half
      relaxation time was 20 ms for the vocalis muscle and 30 ms for the cricothyroid.
      The twitch contraction and half relaxation times of the vocalis remained
      independent of strain, whereas those of the cricothyroid showed strong positive
      dependence on strain level. Differences in the passive properties of the two
      muscles were also evidenced; the vocalis muscle was found to be stiffer at all
      levels of strain.

PMID- 3389124
TI  - Growth and total body water in premature infants fed "in-utero" or "ex-utero".
AB  - Total body water and anthropometric measurements were compared in two groups of
      premature infants. The first group included infants with birthweights less than
      1,501 g who were fed under usual clinical circumstances and studied at a
      bodyweight of 1,800-2,100 g ("Ex-utero"); the second group of infants had a
      birthweight of 1,800 to 2,100 g and were studied within the first week of life
      ("In-utero"). Triceps and subscapular skinfold thicknesses were significantly
      greater in "Ex-utero" infants than in "In-utero" infants, whereas body length was
      significantly greater in the latter group compared to the former. There were no
      difference in total body water, abdominal skinfold thickness, or midarm
      circumference between the two groups. These data suggest that feeding premature
      infants a standard premature infant formula under established guidelines leads to
      differences in body and fat distribution but not total body water compared to
      infants nourished "in utero".

PMID- 3389125
TI  - Prematurity-associated morbidity during the first two years of life. A population
      based study.
AB  - Two-year patterns of postneonatal morbidity, both chronic and non-chronic,
      reported for all liveborn preterm infants (n = 612; malformations excluded)
      delivered in the province of Kuopio, Finland, between 1978 and 1982. The overall
      readmission rate was 30%, the commonest cause being respiratory infections,
      surgical disorders (inguinal hernias) and neurological problems. The higher
      readmission rate in preterms born at less than or equal to 33 weeks of gestation
      was due to a large proportion of children being admitted with chronic prematurity
      associated conditions; preterms without chronic disabilities had similar rates of
      readmission irrespective of gestational age. Neonatal treatment variables were of
      little help in the identification of children requiring readmission after
      neonatal care. Instead, intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) or being of the
      male sex significantly increased the risk of subsequent readmission.

PMID- 3389126
TI  - Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Evidence for a role of the erythrocyte enzyme
      activities involved in the detoxification of oxygen radicals.
AB  - Determinations of erythrocyte enzyme scavengers of oxygen radicals (glutathione
      peroxidase, superoxide-dismutase and catalase) and determinations of erythrocyte
      age-dependent glycolytic activities (glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase, pyruvate
      kinase and glucose-phosphate-isomerase) were carried out in cord blood and in the
      blood taken on the 4th day of life in 152 newborn infants with different peak
      bilirubin levels. The enzyme activities scavenging oxygen radicals, glutathione
      peroxidase and superoxide-dismutase were significantly lower in infants with peak
      bilirubinemia higher than 214 mumol/l, compared to less-jaundiced neonates, both
      at birth and on the 4th day of life; their values correlated negatively with peak
      bilirubinemia at birth and on the 4th day of life. Glycolytic age-dependent
      enzyme activities were significantly higher in more jaundiced newborn infants
      only on the 4th day of life, when their values correlated positively with peak
      bilirubinemia. The results of this investigation suggest that a deficiency of
      factors protecting from oxygen toxicity, may play a role in the development of
      neonatal hemolysis and jaundice.

PMID- 3389127
TI  - Cause and effect of obstetric (neonatal) brachial plexus palsy.
AB  - We have studied the causes and outcome of obstetric brachial plexus palsy in all
      children born in Malmo during the 10-year period 1973-1982. Forty-eight of 25,736
      live-born children (0.19%) were neonatally diagnosed as having a brachial plexus
      paresis. Twenty-five percent of these, i.e., one child in 2,000 liveborn, had a
      persistent palsy. The obstetric history was characterized by high birthweight,
      vertex presentation with shoulder dystocia and multiparity; and in two cases the
      mother had two children with brachial palsy. The children who recovered totally
      did so during the first few months. The prognosis for the more common upper
      brachial plexus, or Erb's, was more favorable than that for entire brachial
      plexus palsy. All the children with persistent palsy were afflicted with
      considerable reduction in arm function, resulting in varying degrees of handicap,
      such as not being able to use the palsied arm at all or not being able to perform
      certain tasks--writing properly, playing a musical instrument, doing the hair,
      wearing clothing with shoulder straps, etc. We wish to point out that, in several
      cases, obstetric brachial plexus palsy results in a lifelong handicap and that
      prevention and therapy are essential both in obstetric and in pediatric
      management.

PMID- 3389128
TI  - Faecal concentrations and production rates of short chain fatty acids in normal
      neonates.
AB  - Changes in intestinal microbial flora are reflected in the faecal concentrations
      and production rates of short chain fatty acids. However, since no data on the
      latter are available in neonates, the aim of this study is to provide information
      on short chain fatty acids in faeces from normal neonates. Faecal samples were
      collected immediately after birth (meconium) and on the 4th day of life in 13
      healthy, full-term neonates. The production capacity was evaluated by a faecal
      incubation system. Concentrations of short chain fatty acids were low in meconium
      (11.2 + 3.9 mmol/l (mean +/- SD], equivalent to about 10% of the adult level (p
      less than 0.01), but increased significantly during the first 4 days of life to
      28.4 +/- 20.1 mmol/l (p less than 0.05). The fermentation pattern (i.e. relative
      composition of different acids) showed differences between adults and neonates,
      primarily due to a higher proportion of acetate found in the latter. The ratio
      acetate/propionate/butyrate/other acids was 89/5/5/1 in 4-day-old neonates
      compared to 65/18/11/6 in adults (p less than 0.001). Our findings correlate well
      with the postnatal microbial colonization of neonatal colon.

PMID- 3389129
TI  - Feeding, behavioural state and cardiorespiratory control.
AB  - The aim of the present study was to examine whether immaturity of
      cardiorespiratory control corresponds to a less mature behavioural state pattern
      and/or to less efficient feeding behaviour. Fifty-four infants were observed and
      data polygraphically recorded for 6 hours; a feeding session was included. It was
      found that infants with immature cardiorespiratory control spent more time in REM
      sleep, less time in the active awake state, and were more likely to be
      inefficient feeders. In addition, 100 infants were observed for risk signs of
      sudden infant death syndrome and their parents were asked to answer a
      questionnaire on the sleeping and feeding behaviour of their infants. The
      majority of the infants with immature cardiorespiratory control were described as
      bad feeders but good sleepers. We conclude that gathering information about
      sleeping and feeding behaviour is useful when screening for immaturity of
      cardiorespiratory control.

PMID- 3389130
TI  - Head circumference and developmental ability at the age of seven years.
AB  - Data on 365 children who had been small (SGA) average (AGA) or large (LGA) for
      gestational age at birth were analysed at the age of seven years. Significant
      positive correlations were found between head circumference and developmental
      scores in the SGA and LGA groups. These were mainly due to associations between
      relatively small heads and low scores. Familial factors, social class and sex
      affect both head circumference and developmental ability at this age. Their
      influences on these two parameters differ in degree; and in the case of sex, in
      direction. When account was taken of these other factors the contribution of
      birth-weight group to the variance in head circumference remained high; but its
      contribution to developmental scores was reduced.

PMID- 3389131
TI  - Infancy growth pattern related to growth hormone deficiency.
AB  - Linear growth during the first three years of life can be represented
      mathematically in terms of the "ICP-growth model", using a combination of a
      quickly decelerating Infancy component with the addition of a slowly decelerating
      Childhood component, the latter acting from the second half of the first
      postnatal year. The growth pattern for supine length of four children with growth
      hormone (GH) deficiency is related here to the first two components of this
      growth model. Basically, all four infants displayed a pattern in line with the
      exponential shape of the Infancy component to the age when GH therapy was
      initiated. This observation indicates the existence of the Infancy component as
      it has been adopted for the ICP-model, and also that it represents the part of
      postnatal linear growth which seems to be independent of GH. The onset of the
      Childhood component in healthy subjects has been observed as an abrupt increase
      in growth rate during the second half of the first year of life. A similar abrupt
      increase was observed in this study at the time of the initiation of GH therapy
      (16-27 months). This observation gives some further empirical support to the
      hypothesis that the child's age at onset of the Childhood component defines the
      as yet undetermined age at which GH begins to exert a significant influence on
      linear growth. ICP-based growth charts provide an improved instrument for early
      detection of GH deficiency.

PMID- 3389132
TI  - Longitudinal analysis of infantile growth in an urban area of Lahore, Pakistan.
AB  - Supine length has been registered longitudinally in 302 infants surviving to at
      least two years of age in an urban area of Lahore, Pakistan. According to the
      "ICP-growth model", normal linear growth can be represented during this age
      period by a combination of a sharply decelerating Infancy component with the
      addition of a slowly decelerating Childhood component, the latter acting from the
      second half of the first postnatal year. Between birth and 24 months of age the
      Pakistani children grew about 7.5 cm less than expected according to the Swedish
      standard. The difference in the gain was mainly related to the late onset of the
      Childhood component found in 56% of the infants. The onset of the Childhood
      component in the Pakistani children occurred on an average some 5 months later
      than in the Swedish controls, which explains the age-dependent reduction in the
      gain at about 1 year of age. Children with late onset showed no "catch-up growth"
      during the observation period after the onset. This might very well indicate the
      functional implications of stunted height in populations of developing countries.

PMID- 3389133
TI  - Daily chromium intake by infants in Belgium.
AB  - The chromium content of human breast milk, infant formulae, cow's milk and
      beikost was measured by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry following
      different digestion steps. No significant variation in chromium concentration
      during lactation was found. The mean concentration was 0.18 ng/ml. The daily
      chromium intake for Belgian infants of 3 months of age using different types of
      food was estimated. Exclusively breast fed infants consumed 0.1 microgram/day,
      while for infants fed cow's milk the intake was five times higher. The exclusive
      use of commercial infant formulas resulted in an intake of 2 up to 10 micrograms
      chromium a day.

PMID- 3389134
TI  - Changing pattern of childhood coeliac disease in Finland.
AB  - In the Tampere region in Finland, the incidence of childhood coeliac disease was
      1:1,096 between 1964 and 1973 and 1:3,214 from 1974 to 1983. The clinical picture
      of coeliac disease had changed to milder forms, resulting in an upward shift of
      age at diagnosis. Coeliac disease was found in older children and adolescents,
      manifesting itself mostly in minor abdominal symptoms, short stature, delayed
      puberty, anaemia and joint complaints, and in children with diabetes mellitus.
      Long breast-feeding seemed to postpone the symptoms but the introduction of
      gluten was of no significance. The low incidence for 1974 to 1983 was thought to
      be due to the estimated 20 cases born in 1979 to 1983 who were not detected. We
      do not believe that coeliac disease has disappeared but that it will be found
      during the next decade in the patients who were not diagnosed in school age and
      adolescence.

PMID- 3389135
TI  - Abnormalities of functional residual capacity in symptomatic and asymptomatic
      young asthmatics.
AB  - Functional residual capacity (FRC) was measured by helium gas dilution in 186
      young asthmatics, aged between 2 and 9 years. The majority were hyperinflated, as
      evidenced by an increase in FRC, regardless of symptom status. Symptomatic
      children and those hospitalized with an acute asthma attack had significantly
      elevated FRC when compared to asymptomatic children (p less than 0.01). Eight
      symptomatic children, following treatment modification, became asymptomatic. This
      was associated with a reduction in FRC. We suggest that an FRC result greater
      than one standard deviation from the mean of asymptomatic asthmatics could be
      used to predict inadequacy of treatment.

PMID- 3389136
TI  - Asthma from childhood to adult age. A prospective study of twenty subjects with
      special reference to the clinical course and pulmonary function.
AB  - Twenty young men with a mean age 24.9 years, who had moderate to severe asthma
      during childhood, underwent a follow-up examination of their clinical status and
      pulmonary function. Comparison was made with data obtained at a mean age of 10.9
      years. Eight of twenty showed a clinical improvement and 12 no change in their
      asthma. During childhood 12 of 20 boys had been on longterm ACTH or
      corticosteroid treatment. In the present study no one was given systemic steroid
      treatment. The static lung volumes (VC, TLC, FRC RV) were within normal limits
      for children and adults. In spite of clinical improvement, the expiratory flow
      rates (FEV1, FEV%) were still significantly reduced (p less than 0.005). Thus,
      the clinical improvement was not accompanied by a corresponding improvement in
      expiratory flow rates.

PMID- 3389137
TI  - Injuries at school. Influence of schoolmate interaction.
AB  - One quarter of all injuries in children of school age occur at school. In order
      to analyse the importance of schoolmate interactions and unsatisfactory
      schoolmate relationships for the occurrence of injuries at school a case-control
      study was carried out in 1986 in the comprehensive schools of Linkoping. Fifty
      injured students and 50 controls, matched by grade and sex, were interviewed.
      Sixty-six percent of all injuries occurred during time not organized by the
      teachers. In 36% the situation was characterized by brawling or chasing. Injured
      students demonstrated significantly more often unsatisfactory relationships with
      schoolmates. In the age group at highest risk (11-13 years) differences between
      injured and controls were most apparent. Student proposals to prevent injuries
      most commonly concerned brawling during breaks. The study indicates that
      interaction between schoolmates and unsatisfactory schoolmate relationships are
      important determinants of risk of injury at school.

PMID- 3389138
TI  - Sweat test in children with cystic fibrosis.

PMID- 3389139
TI  - Maternal occupation and delivery outcome.

PMID- 3389140
TI  - Hyperphenylalaninemia in malignant histiocytosis and virus-associated
      hemophagocytic syndrome.

PMID- 3389142
TI  - Children with deficits in attention, motor control and perception (DAMP): need
      for specialist treatment.

PMID- 3389141
TI  - Unilateral hypomelanosis of Ito with hemimegalencephaly.

PMID- 3389143
TI  - Probable homozygotic form of the Marfan syndrome in a newborn child.
AB  - A case of Marfan's syndrome diagnosed in a newborn boy is described. Both parents
      were affected by the disease but none of them was aware of it. The boy had
      cardiac, skeletal and ocular manifestations from birth. He suffered early from
      severe congestive heart failure due to mitral insufficiency and died at four
      months of age of pneumonia. The family history is described in this report.

PMID- 3389145
TI  - Post-concussion syndrome. Brain damage, constitutional characteristics and
      environmental reactions.
AB  - A 9-year-old boy was referred for child-psychiatric examination because of
      failure in school, restlessness, impulsiveness and concentration difficulties.
      The symptomatology was ascribed to a previous severe head injury and defined as a
      post-concussion syndrome. During the examination it was found that he had an
      identical twin brother without a history of brain-damage. A comparison of the
      patient and his twin brother with the same examination methods at the age of 9
      and 18 gave similar results. These indicate that factors other than brain damage
      also could explain a clinical picture with school failure, restlessness,
      impulsiveness and concentration difficulties in a schoolboy. The question arises
      whether a clinical picture of this kind are the symptoms of stress among
      vulnerable boys in reaction to excessive demands from their psychosocial
      environment.

PMID- 3389144
TI  - Cyclosporine in steroid-resistant Diamond-Blackfan anaemia.
AB  - Two siblings with Diamond-Blackfan anaemia (DBA) and several congenital
      malformations were first treated with corticosteroids and blood transfusions.
      High steroid doses were needed, but in spite of this haemoglobin values
      periodically fell below acceptable levels. Cyclosporine was then given in
      addition to prednisolone. A slow increase in haemoglobin levels was observed over
      2-3 months, and the prednisolone doses could be reduced gradually. Two short
      communications in the literature report similar experiences. Cyclosporine could
      be tried in DBA when reasonable corticosteroid doses do not give a satisfactory
      response. Since the main effect of cyclosporine is a specific inhibition of T
      lymphocytes, the observed therapeutic effect in DBA indicates that T-lymphocytes
      may play an important role in the pathogenesis of this disease.

PMID- 3389146
TI  - Intensified IgA mesangial deposits after administration of sheep anti-type IV
      collagen serum in mice.
AB  - Sheep anti-type IV collagen serum was intravenously administered to male mice of
      the BALB/c, C3H and ddY strains, and their kidneys were morphologically studied
      monthly for 10 months thereafter. By immunofluorescence, the sheep IgG was seen
      to have immediately become conjugated to the glomeruli, mainly in a mesangial
      pattern. Successively, autologous mouse C3 and IgG appeared with the same type of
      distribution. Within 3 to 4 months after the start of the experiment, mouse IgA
      also appeared in the mesangium, especially in ddY mice. The intensity and
      frequency of mesangial IgA deposition and the serum IgA level increased with time
      in this strain. BALB/c and C3H mice also showed the same tendency of mesangial
      IgA deposition, although to a lesser degree. In summary, it was concluded that
      mesangial IgA deposition was due to non-immunological local trapping, on the
      basis of the results obtained by ELISA analysis of the sera and renal eluate.
      Although the ddY mouse is known to show spontaneous mesangial IgA deposition
      associated with a high serum IgA level with aging, these characteristics were
      much accelerated and intensified by this antiserum treatment. The relation of
      this observation to the pathogenesis of human IgA nephritis is discussed.

PMID- 3389147
TI  - Adrenal cortical carcinoma. A clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study
      of 91 autopsy cases.
AB  - The clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features of 91 patients with
      adrenal cortical carcinoma (ACC) are presented. This series included 52 men and
      39 women with a mean age of 45.7 years. According to the extent of cellular
      pleomorphism, it was possible to define ACC as Grade 1, 2 or 3. There was a
      correlation between the grading and mitotic activity (P less than 0.05). Median
      survival of patients with G2 or G3 tumors was only 4.3 months, while that of
      patients with G1 tumors was 24.3 months (P less than 0.05). The histological
      grading of ACC was thus shown to be an important prognostic factor. In most cases
      of ACC, silver impregnation demonstrated zona fasciculata-like structures.
      Immunohistochemically, vimentin-positive tumor cells could be detected in 41 of
      56 cases (73.2%) of ACC, while only 6 of 43 cases (14.0%) of adrenal cortical
      adenoma showed scattered vimentin-positive cells (p less than 0.01). Considering
      the fact that the adrenal cortex is of mesodermal origin, this finding may
      suggest dedifferentiation of the tumor to fetal tissue. Twenty-four of 62 cases
      of ACC showed cytokeratin-positive cells. Vimentin and silver staining are useful
      for the diagnostic differentiation of ACC from other carcinomas. In the present
      study, there was no histologic differentiation between clinically functional and
      nonfunctional ACC.

PMID- 3389148
TI  - Histological classification of epithelial polypoid lesions of the gallbladder.
AB  - Thirty epithelial polypoid lesions in 24 surgically resected gallbladders were
      examined histologically and immunohistochemically and then classified into two
      types according to the characteristics of the epithelium. One type consisted of
      proliferation of ordinary gallbladder epithelium without any metaplastic change
      while the other type was characterized by proliferation of metaplastic
      epithelium, such as mucous glands, endocrine cells and lysozyme-immunoreactive
      cells. Moreover, each lesion was subdivided into non-neoplastic epithelial polyp
      or neoplastic adenoma. We therefore classified the non-neoplastic epithelial
      polyps into hyperplastic polyps and metaplastic polyps, and the adenomas into
      ordinary type and metaplastic type. Moreover, we found that atypical glands
      within metaplastic-type adenoma were not infrequently observed, and that these
      lesions also presented metaplastic changes. From these results, the possibility
      of an adenoma-carcinoma sequence was discussed.

PMID- 3389149
TI  - Hypersensitivity angiitis with granulomatous glomerulitis in a patient with
      preexisting IgA nephropathy.
AB  - Following a 6-year history of asymptomatic proteinuria and microhematuria, a 51
      year-old man suffered from acute systemic eruption, liver dysfunction and acute
      renal failure immediately after developing a cold and taking drugs including
      piroxicam, aspirin and bristocycline. Renal biopsy revealed progressive IgA
      nephropathy associated with acute tubulointerstitial nephritis and granulomatous
      glomerulitis. Although the drug actually responsible for this condition was not
      defined, it is likely that drug-induced hypersensitivity angiitis with
      granulomatous glomerulitis was superimposed on preexisting IgA nephropathy in
      this patient.

PMID- 3389150
TI  - Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the female urethra. A case report.
AB  - A case of urethral clear cell adenocarcinoma (mesonephric carcinoma) in a 62-year
      old woman is reported. The patient consulted our hospital because of acute
      urinary retention. Fine needle aspiration cytology showed a few atypical cells;
      loose cluster cells with finely vacuolated cytoplasm, large nuclei and prominent
      nucleoli, and small cluster cells with finely vacuolated, delicate cytoplasm,
      small pale nuclei and small nucleoli. Cytologic diagnosis was adenocarcinoma and
      no diagnosis of clear cell adenocarcinoma was obtained. The neoplasia was
      localized at the posterior wall of the urethra and deep muscular layer of the
      vaginal wall. Histologically, the tumor revealed mainly small, elongated glands
      consisting of single-layered cuboidal or columnar cells with scanty cytoplasm and
      a focally hobnail appearance. In addition, a small cystic lesion resembling
      nephrogenic adenoma was observed. This finding raises the possibility that clear
      cell adenocarcinoma may be a malignant counterpart of nephrogenic adenoma.

PMID- 3389151
TI  - Congenital alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma with multiple skin metastases. Report of a
      case.
AB  - A rare case of congenital alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma revealing multiple skin
      metastases in a female neonate is reported. At birth, a ping-pong ball-sized
      tumor on the neck and a tumor the size of a little finger end on the chin were
      noticed. Then, multiple skin tumors over the whole body occurred soon after
      birth. A biopsied small skin tumor was at first interpreted as being compatible
      with metastatic congenital neuroblastoma. However, immunohistochemical and
      electron microscopic findings revealed positive immunoreactivity for myoglobin in
      a few tumor cells and the presence of a few rhabdomyoblasts among poorly
      differentiated tumor cells, resulting in a final diagnosis of alveolar
      rhabdomyosarcoma. Therefore, it should be emphasized that in cases of round cell
      tumor, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies are imperative in order to
      identify the tumor and differentiate it from other forms, including
      rhabdomyoblastoma, neuroblastoma, Ewing's sarcoma, malignant lymphoma, and small
      cell carcinoma.

PMID- 3389152
TI  - An autopsy case of primary sclerosing cholangitis with sequential histologic
      observations of the liver.
AB  - A rare autopsy case of primary sclerosing cholangitis with sequential histologic
      observations of the liver is described. The patient, a 62-year-old female at the
      time of autopsy, presented with prolonged cholestasis of about 9 years duration.
      Initial (at 53 years) and second (at 59 years) liver biopsies disclosed fibrous
      enlargement of the portal tracts with loss of interlobular bile ducts,
      lymphoplasmacytic infiltration, a few epithelioid granulomas, piecemeal necrosis,
      atypical ductular proliferation and deposition of copper granules.
      Hypergammaglobulinemia with elevated IgM was also noted. These
      clinicopathological features resembled primary biliary cirrhosis. However, no
      florid duct lesions were found, and absence of antimitochondrial antibodies and
      cholangiographic demonstration of a beaded biliary tree favored a diagnosis of
      primary sclerosing cholangitis. The autopsied liver disclosed sclerosis and
      cholangioectases of the intra- and extrahepatic biliary tree in addition to
      biliary cirrhosis. The histology of the biliary tree disclosed nonspecific
      fibrosing inflammation in the extra- and intrahepatic biliary tree. Other autopsy
      findings included chronic thyroiditis, sialoadenitis and pancreatitis.

PMID- 3389153
TI  - Neurofibroma of the gallbladder seen as a papillary polyp.
AB  - A case of neurofibroma of the gallbladder in a 44-year-old woman without von
      Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis but with right hypochondralgia is reported. The
      tumor was seen preoperatively as a polypoid lesion and in the resected
      gallbladder as a papillary polypoid growth over the main intramural tumor mass.
      Microscopically, the tumor was identified as a neurofibroma with many tactile
      corpuscle-like structures (Wagner-Meissner bodies), which were found by electron
      microscopic and immunohistochemical examination to consist of Schwann cells.
      Twelve cases of non-epithelial neoplasms arising in the gallbladder are also
      reviewed.

PMID- 3389154
TI  - Perforant path activation of the hippocampus: spatial distribution, effects of
      urethane and atropine.
AB  - Spatial distribution of field responses evoked by perforant path stimulation were
      studied in the hippocampus of both anaesthetized and drug-free rats. Simultaneous
      recordings with an array of 4 electrodes allowed us to construct a 2-dimensional
      map of the evoked field potentials. In addition, we examined the effects of
      atropine-SO4 and urethane on the amplitude of the dentate response. Trisynaptic
      activation of the CA1 region occurred regularly in the drug-free rat while CA1
      population spikes were rarely seen in the anaesthetized animal. The latency of
      the CA1 population spike was shortest at the fimbrial side and increased
      gradually towards the subicular side. In the dentate gyrus atropine increased the
      amplitude of the population spike. We suggest that atropine may interfere with
      the septo-hippocampal feed-forward inhibition, and urethane may decrease the
      effectiveness of the perforant path-granule cell synapse, as well as the
      intrahippocampal excitatory circuit.

PMID- 3389155
TI  - Studies on some kinetic parameters of aminotransferases in tissues of the snail,
      Pila globosa (Swainson) during malathion intoxication.
AB  - The aspartate and alanine aminotransferases in the tissues of the snail, Pila
      globosa showed high catalytic potentials (low Km and high Vmax) during malathion
      exposure in vivo. In vitro addition of different concentrations of malathion did
      not influence aminotransferase activity. The results are discussed in relation to
      the regulative influence of the intracellular environment of the cell.

PMID- 3389156
TI  - Muscle collagen content in diabetic rats.
AB  - Collagen content (mg/dl of dry weight) was measured biochemically in the extensor
      digitorum longus and the soleus muscle in rats. Comparison of muscles from
      diabetic (induced by intraperitoneal streptozotocin injection /60 mg/kg body
      weight/) and non diabetic controls showed an increase in the collagen content of
      the extensor digitorum longus, and little change in the soleus. The differences
      did not attain statistical significance indicating that the accelerated collagen
      ageing attributed to diabetes may not necessarily be true in all tissues.

PMID- 3389157
TI  - Norepinephrine induced contractions of the feline mesenterial vein under
      oxygenized and hypoxic conditions in vitro.
AB  - Cylindrical segments from mesenteric veins of 8 cats were prepared and mounted in
      a Krebs-Ringer tissue bath. The oxygenized solution was bubbled with 95% O2 and
      5% CO2. For lowered oxygen tension 95% N2 and 5% CO2 was used. Intraluminal
      pressure was changed between 0-20-0 mm Hg in consecutive cycles at a rate of 0.93
      1.33 mm Hg/sec. Outer radii on the upward routes were recorded. Norepinephrine
      was added in doses of 6 X 10(-8) -6 X 10(-5) M, first in the oxygenized medium
      then under hypoxic conditions, and then in oxygenized medium again. Maximally
      relaxed curves were taken with 1.5 X 10(-4) M papaverine at the end of the
      experiment. Outer radius of relaxed segments at 20 mm Hg intraluminal pressure
      was 2.03 +/- 0.12 mm which slowly dilated to 2.09-0.12 mm toward the end of the
      experiment, and reached 2.11 +/- 0.11 mm with papaverine. Maximum active
      contractions of the outer radii were found at 6 mm Hg intraluminal pressure and
      with 6 X 10(-5) M norepinephrine in the bath: 23.1 +/- 3.2% in oxygenized, 20.3
      +/- 3.4% in hypoxic and 19.0 +/- 3.4% again in oxygenized media. The observations
      showed that acute hypoxia had no or had only a limited effect on the contraction
      of the feline mesenteric vein.

PMID- 3389158
TI  - Quantity of glycogen in the liver of 19-day-old foetuses after AET, 5-HT, MEA, or
      GSH treatment of pregnant mice on the first day of gestation.
AB  - Swiss mice were treated intraperitoneally with AET, 5-HT, MEA, or GSH, in a dose
      of 80 mg/kg of body weight, on the first day of gestation. On the 19th day of
      pregnancy, the fresh weight of liver of the foetuses, as well as glycogen content
      in 1 g of fresh tissue and in the whole organ were analysed. The determination of
      glycogen content in the foetal liver were made according to the anthrone method.
      As compared with controls, in the remaining groups of mice a lower fresh weight
      of foetal liver less glycogen per g of fresh tissue and a smaller total amount of
      glycogen in the whole organ were found. Among the compounds, AET appeared to be
      more toxic than 5-HT, MEA, and GSH.

PMID- 3389159
TI  - Hormonal changes during forced moult induced by progesterone in domestic hen.
AB  - Forced moulting has been induced in domestic hens by progesterone treatment (5
      mg/day) for 25 days. Moult happened between the 11th and 19th day after the first
      treatment. Endocrine changes were followed during the moult by blood sampling in
      one week intervals. At the time of the last sampling, new egg laying cycle was
      initiated in all birds. Plasma progesterone concentration increased significantly
      in response to the treatment then tended to decrease. Oestrone and testosterone
      levels were the lowest during the period when feather loss was most intensive and
      increased in the course of feathering. This increase was significant in the case
      of oestrone. The level of 17-beta-oestradiol did not vary during moult induced by
      progesterone treatment. Plasma concentration of thyroxine significantly increased
      during feather loss, showing a maximum in the second and/or third week after the
      beginning of the treatment, while it decreased when feather growth had begun.
      Plasma triiodothyronine as well as corticosterone levels were the highest during
      the latest phase of moult, at the time of feather outgrowing. It has been
      supposed that moulting would be initiated in response to the synergistic effect
      on feather follicles of progesterone and thyroxine, which was stimulated by the
      progesterone treatment. The atrophic stage of the ovary suggested that
      progesterone was probably of adrenal origin. It was assumed that triiodothyronine
      and oestrone were responsible for controlling feather outgrowth.

PMID- 3389160
TI  - The effect of terbutaline upon myosin preparations of the human uterus.
AB  - It has been perceived that the phosphate (P) content of the human uterus myosin
      was considerably lower (half or less) in patients treated with terbutaline before
      delivery than that of untreated patients. Therefore the in vitro effect of
      terbutaline was investigated upon uterine myosin. The results showed that the
      presence of terbutaline in the incubation medium without ATP decreased the
      performed (endogenous) P content of myosin slightly, whereas in the presence of
      ATP terbutaline facilitated release of the phosphoryl groups from myosin parallel
      with the increase of terbutaline concentration. Although at low concentrations of
      terbutaline (in the micromolar range) a few phosphoryl groups are still
      incorporated in myosin, the time reaching the maximum of P incorporation was
      prolonged.

PMID- 3389161
TI  - Platelet aggregation, lipids and excretion of catecholamines after acute physical
      exercise in patients with myocardial infarction.
AB  - The effect of acute physical exercise and a four-month conditioning program on
      cardiovascular risk factors was investigated in patients with myocardial
      infarction. The bicycle exercise testing caused a moderate rise in urinary
      epinephrine, serum cholesterol and HDL cholesterol levels. The changes in
      platelet aggregation and urinary catecholamines were markedly greater in the
      group with exercise induced ischaemic changes. Under the effect of the
      conditioning program a significant improvement in the performance capacity and
      circulatory response could be observed. The direction of changes in platelet
      aggregation and in the lipid parameters were favourable too.

PMID- 3389162
TI  - A new concept in the molecular process of muscle contraction: functional role of
      phosphorylated amino acids in myosin.
AB  - In this report a summary is given of our experiments concerning the in vivo
      endogenous phosphate (P) content of myosin. It was found that besides the ester
      type phosphates of myosin there was a considerable amount of N-P type energy-rich
      phosphoryl groups bond to the basic amino acids of peptide chains. The endogenous
      P concentration of myosin depends on the source of the preparation. The
      concentration of P is much higher in myosin preparations of well-trained animals
      and human subjects compared to those found in the control muscles. As the P
      binding sites of fresh purified myosin are only partially saturated, the
      preparations can incorporate P up to a definite saturation only. The
      phosphorylating ability of myosins disappears after prolonged storage as a
      consequence of an alteration in structure of the myosin molecule. The P groups
      are moving inside the myosin molecule. It is supposed that the inorganic P
      release promoted by actin is connected with the thin filament movements towards
      the centre of the sarcomere, furthermore P replenishment, P linking and movement
      involve N3-trimethyl-lysine, 3-methylhistidine, P-Arg and two conformers of P
      His. The two net negative charges of P group form electric monopoles of a minor
      battery (myosin head). They help to force generation at head rotation (90 degrees
      45 degrees angle) and produce free energy changes that can be calculated from the
      number of N-P bonds.

PMID- 3389164
TI  - Effect of 3-trifluoromethyl-alpha-ethylbenzhydrol (flumecinol) on lipid
      peroxidation in early human placenta.
AB  - A study was made of the lipid peroxidation in the microsomal fraction of human
      placenta tissue in the presence of flumecinol (Zixoryn, Gedeon Richter
      Pharmaceutical Works, Budapest, Hungary). The tissue samples were obtained from
      placenta in early pregnancy and also from placenta at term. Up to a concentration
      of 1 mumolar, flumecinol (3-trifluoromethyl-alpha-ethyl-benzhydrol), as an enzyme
      inductor, significantly enhanced the rate of lipid peroxidation but above 1 molar
      it scarcely influenced it. The in vitro study proved the enzyme-inducing effect
      of flumecinol on lipid peroxidation in early human placenta.

PMID- 3389163
TI  - Differential effect of vasopressin on open-field activity and passive avoidance
      behaviour following intracerebroventricular versus intracisternal administration
      in rats.
AB  - The effects of lysine8-vasopressin (LVP) on the open-field activity and passive
      avoidance behaviour in rats were studied following intracerebroventricular
      (i.c.v.) and intracisternal (c.m.) administration. Following i.c.v.
      administration, LVP caused a long-lasting facilitation of the passive avoidance
      behaviour and did not influence open-field activity. When injected into the
      cisterna magna, on the other hand, the same amount of LVP was without effect on
      the passive avoidance behaviour, while decreasing open-field activity. It is
      concluded that the site of injection in the cerebrospinal space might be of
      importance in determining the behavioural effects of neuropeptides.

PMID- 3389165
TI  - Contractile and relaxant responses of diabetic dog femoral arteries.
AB  - Strips of femoral arteries of normal and alloxan-treated dogs were set up for
      isometric recording. The contractile response to phenylephrine and the relaxant
      response to acetylcholine were determined. Neither alloxan treatment nor
      mechanical removal of endothelium altered the EC50 value for phenylephrine. The
      slope of phenylephrine dose-response curves of diabetic and healthy vessels with
      intact endothelium was similar, whereas the slope of phenylephrine dose-response
      curves of endothelium-denuded diabetic arteries was significantly greater than
      that of the denuded healthy arteries. Removal of the endothelium completely
      abolished the relaxant effect of acetylcholine. The relaxant potency (IC50) of
      acetylcholine was not affected by alloxan treatment. The results suggest that in
      canine femoral arteries the relaxant activity of acetylcholine is unaffected in
      experimental diabetes and the damage of the arterial endothelium may play a role
      in the increased responsiveness of diabetic vessels to adrenergic agonists.

PMID- 3389166
TI  - Ultrastructural alterations in cardiac and skeletal muscles in experimental
      diabetes mellitus.
AB  - In 18 alloxan-diabetic and 12 metabolically healthy dogs cardiac and skeletal
      muscles have been studied electronmicroscopically. Myopathy-like alterations, as
      widening of Z band material, alterations of mitochondria as well as of collagen
      fibers were observed in the diabetic myocardium. In skeletal muscle nemalin
      bodies were found. These latter alterations don't develop in insulin-treated
      diabetic state.

PMID- 3389167
TI  - Left ventricular diastolic function in diabetics.
AB  - Left ventricular diastolic function was studied in 29 young diabetic patients
      (aged from 14 to 44 years) without any clinical sign of heart disease. The
      metabolic state, the presence and the degree of microvascular and neuropathic
      complications have been established. Age and sex matched 32 healthy subjects
      served as controls. The parameters of left ventricular diastolic function were
      determined by means of phonomechanocardiography. By this method in diabetic
      patients impaired diastolic function of the left ventricle was found. This
      alteration could be best characterized by the values of normalized relaxation
      index referring to the isovolumetric relaxation of the left ventricle. A close
      correlation was found between the microvascular and neuropathic complications and
      the left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, while no correlation could be
      demonstrated between the metabolic state and the diastolic cardiac disorder.

PMID- 3389168
TI  - Interaction between glucose utilization and left ventricular heart function in
      type I-diabetics.
AB  - The aim of the present study was to check whether equal, therapeutically
      relevant, positively inotropic doses of different adrenergic agents elicit equal
      inotropic and metabolic effects in 6 type I-diabetics as in 6 matched nondiabetic
      subjects. The effects of increasing doses of norepinephrine (NE)- and
      orciprenaline (0.12, 0.20, 0.33 microgram/kg min) on heart function (systolic
      time interval, heart rate, blood pressure) and on serum fatty acid (NEFA),
      glucose, lactate, pyruvate and insulin concentrations were recorded. In the
      therapeutic dose range, NE, and orciprenaline elicited in diabetics without
      clinical signs of any cardiovascular disease a diminished myocardial inotropic
      response (20-40%), less marked vascular effects (vasoconstriction,
      vasodilatation), but greater metabolic changes in right atrial blood (NEFA,
      pyruvate, lactate) compared to matched controls (p less than 0.05). The smaller
      increase of cardiac performance in diabetics to exogenous catecholamines cannot
      be explained by sympathetic cardiac denervation, since chronotropic beta 1-beta 2
      stimulation with orciprenaline provoked nearly equal dose-dependent changes in
      diabetics and controls. It is suggested that the smaller positive inotropic
      effect during NE and orciprenaline infusion in type I-diabetics is a result first
      of all of alterations in myocardial energy turnover in diabetes due to reduced
      myocardial glucose utilization. It seems necessary to secure continuous
      myocardial glucose utilization and subnormal NEFA concentrations in the serum
      during the therapeutic application of inotropic adrenergic agents in severe
      cardiac failure and cardiogenic shock in diabetics.

PMID- 3389169
TI  - The effect of various hypoglycaemic sulphonylureas on the cardiotoxicity of
      glycosides and arrhythmogenic activity due to myocardial ischaemia.
AB  - The effects of different sulphonylureas on the electrical cardiac activity were
      studied in 145 rabbits and in 103 rats as well as in 278 digitalis-treated, non
      smoker non-insulin-dependent diabetics on the same therapy at least during the
      previous three months. In rabbits and rats glibenclamide (0.0032-100 mumol. kg-1)
      decreased, while tolbutamide and carbutamide (0.008-1000 mumol. kg-1) increased
      strophantidin toxicity and myocardial ischaemia induced transitory ventricular
      fibrillation dose-dependently. The differences between the dose-response curve of
      glibenclamide and those of tolbutamide or carbutamide were significant. In
      digitalized non-insulin-dependent diabetics, multifocal ectopic ventricular beats
      could be observed in none among the 80 glibenclamide-treated diabetics, while in
      12 cases of the 71 tolbutamide and in 10 cases of the 61 carbutamide treated
      diabetics. Two of the 66 non-insulin-dependent diabetics receiving only diet and
      7 of the 278 age and sex matched, non-smoker, metabolically healthy patients had
      multifocal ectopic ventricular beats. No significant difference could be found
      between the therapeutical groups. It was concluded that instead of tolbutamide,
      glibenclamide must be preferred in digitalis-treated diabetics, when metabolic
      control is not satisfactorily achieved by diet and regime alone.

PMID- 3389170
TI  - Influence of the carnitine palmitoyltransferase inhibitor POCA on myocardial
      performance and metabolism of insulin resistant rats.
AB  - The specific carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I)-inhibitor POCA - sodium-2(5
      (4-chlorphenyl)pentyl-oxirane carboxylate - was used in isolated perfused hearts
      of acutely diabetic, ketotic (AD, 100 mg streptozotocin/kg body weight),
      chronically diabetic (CD, 60 mg streptozotocin/kg body weight), and obese ZUCKER
      rats (fa/fa) to study different forms of insulin resistance. In hearts of AD rats
      an absolute insulin resistance was observed which could be attenuated by
      perfusion of the hearts with POCA (10 microM). The insulin sensitivity could be
      fully restored and was not any longer significantly different from control
      hearts. In hearts of CD rats, which show a relative insulin resistance, POCA only
      slightly stimulated glucose oxidation and uptake, but the total rate of uptake
      and conversion of glucose as well as the responsiveness of these hearts to
      insulin remained low. In hearts of obese ZUCKER rats, the rate of glucose
      oxidation was accelerated to control levels by perfusion with POCA, however, the
      rate of glycolysis and glucose uptake remained reduced as compared to controls.
      Thus, POCA shifted the glucose metabolism by stimulating oxidation without
      normalizing the reduced glucose uptake. It follows that in hearts of AD rats the
      insulin resistance is due to the accelerated lipid metabolism described and is,
      therefore, fully reversible if the oxidation of fatty acids is inhibited. In
      hearts of ZUCKER rats a form of insulin resistance mediated by lipid metabolism
      seems to be responsible for the reduced glucose oxidation and the lowered rate of
      glycolysis. The insulin resistance can be eliminated and has to be distinguished
      from a defect in the glucose uptake system not affected by POCA. In hearts of CD
      rats insulin resistance is not dependent on disturbances in lipid metabolism and
      is practically not influenced by POCA. Thus, a CPI I-inhibitor might be useful to
      differentiate various forms of insulin resistance and therapeutically beneficial
      in forms mediated by lipid metabolic defects.

PMID- 3389171
TI  - Brain potentials associated with pattern displacement and saccadic eye movements
      in humans and rhesus monkeys.
AB  - Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) to the onset of motion of visual patterns and
      brain responses associated with saccadic eye movements (SRPs) were compared in
      human subjects and in rhesus monkeys. Three different velocities of pattern
      motion were employed. In humans, brain responses were recorded from six scalp
      areas. In monkeys, transcortical recordings were obtained from chronically
      implanted electrodes in the occipital, temporo-parietal, and frontal areas. In
      humans there was a clear difference in VEPs to the pattern motion between the
      anterior (Fz, Cz) and posterior (Pz, Oz) scalp regions. The earliest component
      was a positive peak at 85 ms at Oz followed by a negativity around 110 ms. In the
      fronto-central leads the VEP was characterized by a negativity at 145 ms and a
      subsequent broad positive component around 250 ms. SRP responses differed in the
      early components from the VEPs to pattern motion but a good correspondence was
      found in the morphology of the late components of the two types of brain
      potentials. Furthermore, flashed-on VEPs and SRPs elicited a late positivity of
      more pronounced amplitude than VEPs to pattern displacement. In monkeys similar
      findings were found: an early negative component of the pattern-displacement VEP
      could not be observed in the SRP responses over the visual cortex while the late
      portion of the SRP waveform was greater than the late positivity of the VEP to
      motion-onset.

PMID- 3389172
TI  - Effect of sodium-ascorbate and vanadate on the Rb+-uptake of human red blood
      cells.
AB  - To follow the Rb+-uptake of human red blood cells (rbc-s) under different
      circumstances, a micro-method was developed. According to our experiments the Rb+
      uptake of rbc-s in a healthy person was about 3.5-4.0 mumoles Rb/mg Fe at 37
      degrees C during 120 minutes. When red cells were incubated with solutions
      containing different concentrations, between 15 and 120 mmole/l, of Na-ascorbate
      [Na-ascorbate was applied at the expense of Na-isethionate (sodium salt of 2
      hydroxyethan-1-sulfonic acid)] the Rb+-uptake of red cells increased at 37
      degrees C with 37 to 70% respectively. In other experiments it was established
      that the ouabain-sensitive Rb+-uptake of rbc-s decreased with 50% in the presence
      of 0.1 mmole/l vanadate, while if Na-ascorbate was applied simultaneously with
      different concentrations of vanadate, or after a preincubation with 1 mmole/l
      vanadate, the Rb+-uptake of red cells, which had been reduced by vanadate,
      returned close to that of control. This effect can be explained by the reductive
      property of Na-ascorbate, i.e. by the transformation of vanadate to vanadil.

PMID- 3389173
TI  - Power spectral density of breathing pattern in patients with pulmonary, heart and
      liver diseases.
AB  - Pulmonary functions, breathing pattern and rhythmic oscillations of inspiratory
      time, expiratory time and tidal volume were studied by calculating
      autocorrelation functions and power spectral densities in patients with chronic
      obstructive pulmonary disease and respiratory insufficiency, in patients with
      cardiac valvular disease and in patients with liver disease at rest. Despite of
      the pathological results of pulmonary function tests the rhythmic oscillations of
      inspiratory time, expiratory time and tidal volume were present in all patients
      and they were intraindividually and interindividually different in the same way
      as in healthy man.

PMID- 3389174
TI  - Psychopathological and social outcome in schizophrenia versus
      affective/schizoaffective psychoses and prediction of poor outcome in
      schizophrenia. Results from a 5-8 year follow-up.
AB  - Forty-six patients with the ICD diagnosis of schizophrenic or similar paranoid
      psychosis, 35 patients with the ICD diagnosis of affective psychosis, 22 patients
      with the ICD diagnosis of schizoaffective psychosis, and a large sample of
      control probands from the general population were followed up using standardized
      assessment procedures 5-8 years after index hospital treatment. A comparison of
      respective psychopathological or social outcome measures among the diagnostic
      groups and between patients and matched non-patients from the general population
      survey confirms the hypothesis that patients with the diagnosis of schizophrenia
      have, as a group, the poorest degree of psychopathological disturbances and
      social maladjustment. However, there is a large subgroup with a favourable
      outcome. Some predictors for poor outcome, described in the literature and in a
      former follow-up study of ours, could be confirmed. Under the aspect of
      invariance under different sample conditions, the predictive power of some
      prognostic scales, such as the Stephens Scale, the Vaillant Scale, and the
      Strauss-Carpenter Scale, was substantiated.

PMID- 3389175
TI  - The development of antisocial behaviour and sudden violent death.
AB  - In order to detect possible relationships between antisocial behaviour and the
      incidence of "sudden violent death" in young people, information relating to
      mortality in antisocial Swedish adolescents has been traced and compiled. A
      register was drawn up covering those young persons (1,056; 832 boys and 224
      girls; mean age 16 years) who were admitted to Swedish probationary schools
      during the period 1 January - 31 December 1967. Using the registers of
      immigration and emigration, and causes of death kept by SCB (Statistiska
      Centralbyran), mortality occurring between 1 January 1967 - 31 December 1985 was
      tabulated. One hundred and ten boys (13%) and 22 girls (10%) had died. The deaths
      had occurred at a rate of approximately seven new deaths per observation year,
      the youngest being still in their teens when they died. For comparison, the
      criteria set up by insurance companies for life insurance premiums are based on a
      death expectancy for healthy Swedish boys and girls in the age groups
      corresponding to the subjects under observation of 1.2-3.1% for boys and 1.1-2.6%
      for girls. Eighty-eight percent of the dead boys and 77% of the dead girls had
      died "sudden violent deaths" - accidents, suicides, death from uncertain causes,
      murder/manslaughter, or alcohol/drug abuse. For both sexes, death from uncertain
      causes and suicides were the most frequent single causes of death. Death as a
      direct result of alcohol/drug abuse occurred only in boys. The results give
      support to the assumption that a link exists between childhood environment, the
      development of antisocial behaviour/mental insufficiency and a "sudden violent
      death" at an early age.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3389176
TI  - Suicide trends in Canada, 1956-1981.
AB  - Using official suicide statistics, this study examined suicide rates in Canada
      over a 25-year span (1956 to 1981) as a function of age, gender, and geographical
      region. The analysis revealed that, for both sexes, the risk of suicide among the
      15-24 year-olds increased at a faster rate than in any other age group. Male and
      female age-standardized suicide rates demonstrated an overall increase between
      1956 and 1981. The trend for males was one of continuous increase, whereas female
      rates reached a maximum in 1976 and then decreased. Regional differences in
      suicide rates were also apparent. Although not strictly observed, a trend toward
      increasing risk of suicide in males as one proceeds westward across Canada was
      found. For females, a pattern of increasing suicide with more westerly location
      was also found, except that Ontario and the Prairie Provinces were in reverse
      order. Several possible explanations for these findings are presented.

PMID- 3389177
TI  - Communication disturbances in parents of schizophrenics.
AB  - The article describes the method and results of and experimental study of
      communication disturbances in parents of schizophrenics. A non-structured
      interview was carried out with parents of mentally retarded patients as a control
      group. Communication disturbances were analysed by means of a manual with
      operational descriptions of communication disorders. The results showed more
      disturbances in parents of schizophrenic parents. Within the group of parents of
      schizophrenics, those with schizophrenia in remission after an active phase of
      the illness showed more disturbances than parents of chronic schizophrenics.
      These data, obtained at one point in time after the illness has developed, are
      consistent with, but cannot confirm the hypothesis that interactional factors may
      contribute to the pathogenesis of an acute, florid form of schizophrenia.

PMID- 3389178
TI  - Attempted suicide by jumping: clinical and social features.
AB  - A group of 46 persons who had attempted suicide by jumping was compared on
      clinical and social-demographic parameters with another group of 214 persons who
      had attempted suicide by drug overdose. The differential characteristics of
      persons attempting suicide by jumping are the following: more often men, of a
      more advanced age, married or widowed, more often suffering from major
      psychopathology (that is affective psychosis-depressive type or schizophrenia),
      and quite frequently having a serious somatic illness.

PMID- 3389179
TI  - Comparisons of psychopathological phenomena of 422 manic-depressive patients with
      suicide-positive and suicide-negative family history.
AB  - Psychopathological symptoms of 342 manic-depressive patients with a family
      history (FH) of manic-depressive illness (MDI) and suicide (FH-S-positive group)
      were compared with 80 manic-depressive patients with a family history of MDI but
      without suicide (FH-S-negative group). Frequencies of suicide tendencies,
      attempted suicides, rage, angry mania and delusions were evaluated. In contrast
      to the FH-S-positive group where suicide tendencies and attempted suicides were
      more frequent, the FH-S-negative group revealed a higher frequency of delusions.
      There was no difference between the groups concerning rage and angry mania.
      Comparisons regarding suicide tendencies, attempted suicides, rage, angry mania
      and diagnostics referring to depressive, manic, subdepressive and hypomanic
      phases showed no difference between the sexes.

PMID- 3389181
TI  - Psychosocial correlates of premenstrual dysphoric subtypes.
AB  - A modified version of the Premenstrual Assessment Form (PAF) was administered to
      737 military wives as part of a study of stress and well being. A factor analysis
      of the responses suggests three main subtypes of premenstrual change--hostile
      depressive, atypical depressive, and anxious--as well as two minor subtypes-
      organic and hypomanic. Demographic and psychosocial correlates of factor scores
      are discussed.

PMID- 3389180
TI  - Psychiatric disturbances associated with myasthenia gravis.
AB  - Seventy-four myasthenic patients (54 F, 20 M; mean age 49.6 years) were evaluated
      using the diagnostic criteria of the DSM-III in order to investigate the
      prevalence of psychiatric disturbances in this order. Fifty-one had had
      thymectomies, of whom 28 females had hyperplasia, two females and five males had
      involution of the thymus, and 10 females and six males had thymomata. Psychiatric
      disturbances were observed in 38 subjects (51%), in particular, adjustment
      disorders with depressed mood and mixed emotional features (19%) (22% including
      adjustment disorder with anxious mood), affective disorders (13.5%) and
      personality disorders (18%).

PMID- 3389182
TI  - Retrospective psychiatric assessment of 200 suicides in Budapest.
AB  - Based on an interview with the closest family member, using the Schedule of
      Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia--SADS, a retrospective psychiatric
      assessment and diagnostic classification was carried out on 200 completed
      suicides. Eighty-one per cent of the victims had a recent psychiatric disorder,
      in 63% depression. The prevalence of psychiatric illnesses was similar to that of
      other studies from countries with lower suicide rates.

PMID- 3389183
TI  - Relationships between EEG and biochemical parameters in major depressive
      disorder.
AB  - Twenty-five patients with major depressive disorder according to RDC were
      examined with computerized quantitative EEG before antidepressive treatment.
      Normal EEGs were found in 20 patients and slight abnormality in five cases.
      Relationships between various EEG variables and pretreatment accumulation rate of
      14C-5-HT and 3H-NA in rat synaptosomes, incubated in patients' plasma, and 5-HT
      in whole blood were studied. Age and current treatment with benzodiazepines were
      taken into account. There was an inverse relationship between alpha-1 amplitude
      in all derivations and beta-2 amplitude in the parieto-occipital derivation on
      one hand and pretreatment 14C-5-HT synaptosomal accumulation rate on the other.
      This result indicates that low 14C-5-HT synaptosomal accumulation rate is related
      to increased EEG alertness. This EEG pattern is suggested to be associated with a
      serotonergic subgroup of depression. The relationships between the other
      biochemical variables and the EEG patterns did not show any consistent pattern.

PMID- 3389184
TI  - Multivariate study of sleep EEG in depression.
AB  - The effects of four subtypes of major depressive disorder on four sleep EEG
      variables obtained in 153 depressed inpatients were analyzed taking into account
      the effects of age, gender, DST response and severity of depression. We have
      found that age significantly affected slow wave sleep. Sleep efficiency and total
      sleep time were shown to vary with age and severity of depression. Such effects
      were not detected for REM latency which was influenced by the endogenous subtype
      and the gender. Our data indicate that in depressed patients sleep EEG measures
      are influenced by multiple factors.

PMID- 3389185
TI  - The reliability of child psychiatric diagnosis. A comparison among Danish child
      psychiatrists of traditional diagnoses and a multiaxial diagnostic system.
AB  - The study was conducted to compare an experimental multiaxial diagnostic system
      (MAS) with traditional multicategorical diagnoses in child psychiatric work.
      Sixteen written case histories were circulated to 21 child psychiatrists, who
      made diagnoses independently of one another, using two different diagnostic
      systems. Diagnostic reliability was measured as percentage of interrater
      agreement. The highest diagnostic reliability was obtained in psychotic
      disorders, the lowest in personality disorders. The MAS implied improved
      diagnostic reliability of mental retardation, somatic disorders and developmental
      disorders. Adjustment reaction (reactio maladaptiva) was the diagnosis most
      commonly used, but with varying reliability in both systems. The reliability of
      the socio-economic and psychosocial axes were generally high.

PMID- 3389186
TI  - Outcome of reactive psychosis: a prospective study from India.
AB  - In a prospective study, 22 patients diagnosed to have "Reactive Psychosis" were
      followed-up for 6 months. Clinical and social recovery was seen in 16 cases,
      three patients had relapsed, and in three patients the diagnosis of "Reactive
      Psychosis" was changed to either major depressive disorder or schizophrenia. The
      results of the study suggest that "Reactive Psychosis" has good outcome and
      stability of diagnosis over a short period of time.

PMID- 3389187
TI  - Total sleep deprivation in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder.
AB  - Total sleep deprivation was performed in 16 patients with obsessive-compulsive
      disorder. Overall, no effect was observed on either mood or obsessive-compulsive
      behaviour. However, individual patients showed worsening, improvement or no
      change in obsessive-compulsive symptoms, independent of mood response, across the
      3 days of sleep deprivation.

PMID- 3389188
TI  - Suicidal behaviour in schizophrenic day patients.
AB  - A survey of non-hospitalised schizophrenics was conducted to test the hypothesis
      that schizophrenics who had attempted suicide are phenomenologically and
      demographically different from the ones that do not. On comparison, it emerged
      that the former had significantly higher incidence of psychiatric morbidity in
      the family, were on the whole younger and had a much larger number of Present
      State Examination (PSE) depressive symptoms.

PMID- 3389189
TI  - Anorexia nervosa occurring in pregnancy.
AB  - A case of Anorexia nervosa presenting during pregnancy is described. Problems in
      the management of this condition during pregnancy are outlined.

PMID- 3389190
TI  - Synaesthesia and major affective disorder.
AB  - Two patients with major affective disorder are described. In both cases
      synaesthesia was a prominent and integral feature of the disorder. The discussion
      considers the relationship of perceptual upset and affective disorders.

PMID- 3389191
TI  - [Vomiting in infancy].

PMID- 3389192
TI  - [Heterogeneity in osteogenesis imperfecta].

PMID- 3389193
TI  - [Pharmacokinetics of labetalol in patients on hemodialysis].

PMID- 3389194
TI  - [Personality type and coronary disease].

PMID- 3389195
TI  - [Values of active metabolites of vitamin D in the serum of uremic patients on
      long-term hemodialysis].

PMID- 3389196
TI  - [The effect of orchidectomy on the parathyroid glands].

PMID- 3389197
TI  - [Serum immunoglobulins in patients with multiple sclerosis coming from the Rijeka
      region].

PMID- 3389198
TI  - Surface ultrastructure of larval Anisakidae (Nematoda: Ascaridoidea) and its
      identification by mensuration.
AB  - The surface ultrastructure of larval Anisakis type I, Anisakis type II,
      Raphidascaris, Contracaecum type A, Thynnascaris type A and Thynnascaris type B
      was examined by scanning electron microscopy. These species were identified
      clearly by the presence of a boring tooth, a mucron, and other morphological
      features. The means of the distances between transverse striations (DBTS) of
      larval Anisakis type I (5.45 +/- 0.125 micron), larval Raphidascaris (2.92 +/-
      0.051 micron), and larval Contracaecum type A (1.68 +/- 0.056 micron) are
      significantly different (p less than 0.05). There was a correlation between the
      diameter of worm trunk (DOWT) and DBTS among these three larval types. In most
      cases a larva could be identified from the mean value of DBTS and DOWT even if
      obtained as a fragment from a patient.

PMID- 3389199
TI  - Changes in the molecular sieve of the glomerular basement membrane of rats with
      chronic serum sickness.
AB  - In order to explore the pathogenic mechanism of proteinuria in
      glomerulonephritis, ultrastructural changes of the glomerular basement membrane
      were investigated in rats with chronic serum sickness induced by repeated
      intravenous injections of bovine serum albumin (experimental rats). Rats injected
      with saline served as controls. The animals were sacrificed and examined 13 weeks
      after treatment, when the mean urinary protein of experimental animals reached
      206 mg/24h/100g body weight. Enhanced transcapillary passage of anionic ferritin
      was observed in experimental rats. Purified glomerular basement membranes of
      control and experimental rats were examined by electron microscopy after negative
      staining. The glomerular basement membrane of experimental rats had enlarged
      pores. The results suggest that an increase in the radius of glomerular pores may
      be responsible for proteinuria in glomerulonephritis.

PMID- 3389200
TI  - Pannus tissue at the cartilage-synovium junction in rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - The cartilage-synovium junction of knees afflicted with rheumatoid arthritis was
      observed light microscopically using formalin-fixed, decalcified and
      immunohistochemically stained tissues. Decalcification had little or no influence
      on immunoreactivity for lysozyme and S-100 protein. All the specimens had pannus
      formation, which was classified into four types: A) cellular pannus with
      homogeneous cell pattern, B) cellular pannus of inflammatory cells, C) fibrous
      pannus with many fibrous bundles, D) fibrous pannus including round cells with
      scattered fibrous bundles. Type A pannus may be responsible for extensive
      cartilage degradation, and may occur at the first stage of pannus formation. Type
      B pannus may occur afterwards, and may be followed by type C pannus at a later
      stage. Type D pannus was found in two out of 19 specimens. Round cells in type D
      were positive for S-100 protein and lysozyme, and were probably chondrocytes. The
      findings indicated that chondrocytes were responsible for cartilage degradation
      and pannus formation.

PMID- 3389201
TI  - Deep plantar arteries of some mammals, with special reference to the plantar
      metatarsal arteries.
AB  - The plantar metatarsal arteries of some mammals were studied. In the dog, raccoon
      dog and cat, the second proximal perforating branch was fully developed and
      produced the plantar metatarsal arteries. These plantar metatarsal arteries ran
      on the plantar surfaces of the interosseous muscles along the metatarsal bones or
      intermetatarsal spaces, and gave rise to the digital arteries of the second to
      fifth toes. In the rabbit, a branch of the medial plantar artery ran transversely
      on the plantar surfaces of the metatarsal bones at a level distal to the bases of
      these bones, and produced the plantar metatarsal arteries. These plantar
      metatarsal arteries ran deep in the interosseous muscles along the metatarsal
      bones or intermetatarsal spaces, and joined with the digital arteries which were
      derived from the medial plantar artery. The plantar metatarsal arteries could be
      classified into four kinds of arteries (sM, sI, dM and dI) in relation to the
      interosseous muscles and metatarsal bones. This classification largely coincides
      with that of the human hand and foot (Murakami, 1969, 1971), the monkey hand and
      foot (Nakai et al., 1987; Hinenoya et al., 1987), and the forepaws of some
      animals, including the dog and cat (Murakami et al., 1987).

PMID- 3389202
TI  - Methods of studying sympathoadrenal activity in man.

PMID- 3389203
TI  - Acute effects of short-term fasting on blood pressure, circulating noradrenaline
      and efferent sympathetic nerve activity.
AB  - Eleven moderately obese women, aged 46-62 years, with a body mass index of 29-34
      and with borderline hypertension (repeated diastolic blood pressure greater than
      90 mmHg) fasted for 48 hours. Before the fast and after 48 hours of fasting,
      plasma noradrenaline, urinary noradrenaline, urine potassium, urine sodium and
      weight were measured. In six of the patients muscle nerve sympathetic activity
      was recorded from the peroneal nerve by tungsten microelectrodes for 15 min each
      time. The efferent muscle sympathetic activity (MSA) was expressed as the number
      of bursts/min. The recordings were done before the fast and after 48 hours of
      fasting. We found significant decreases in body weight from 88.4 +/- 2.5 kg to
      86.4 +/- 2.5 kg. Systolic blood pressure (BP) was reduced from 158 +/- 3 mmHg to
      146 +/- 5 mmHg (p less than 0.001) and diastolic BP from 96 +/- 3 mmHg to 89 +/-
      3 mmHg (p less than 0.01) during the fast. MSA was significantly increased from
      42.0 +/- 5.5 bursts/min to 44.5 +/- 5.8 (n = 6), while plasma and urine
      noradrenaline concentrations (n = 11) showed a non-significant tendency to
      increase. We conclude that the hypotensive response during the first days of
      extensive caloric reduction is not due to a decreased sympathetic activity. If
      anything, there may be weak increase of efferent sympathetic nerve activity and
      venous plasma levels of circulating noradrenaline. The mechanisms behind the
      acute hypotensive response to negative caloric balance are thus still unclear,
      but obviously different from long-term adaptation of the blood pressure.

PMID- 3389204
TI  - The effect of cod liver oil in two populations with low and high intake of
      dietary fish.
AB  - Two subgroups of healthy males from an inland and a coastal community in Norway
      with a traditionally low and high consumption of dietary fish were given a
      dietary supplement of 20 ml cod liver oil rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids
      for 3 weeks. Cod liver oil induced an increase in serum high density lipoprotein
      (HDL) cholesterol in men from the inland. Both groups showed a prolonged primary
      bleeding time, whereas platelet aggregation and thromboxane A2 production induced
      by collagen were mainly unaffected. Platelet phospholipid fatty acids showed
      similar changes in both groups with a decrease in n-6 and an increase in n-3
      polyunsaturated fatty acids. No changes were observed in total cholesterol or
      platelet phospholipid content. This study shows that dietary supplement with cod
      liver oil induces changes in serum lipids and platelets that may reduce the
      tendency to thrombosis both in subjects with a low and in those with a high
      intake of dietary fish. The effects were more pronounced in the subjects with a
      traditionally low fish consumption.

PMID- 3389205
TI  - Increased fibrinolytic potential after diet intervention in healthy coronary high
      risk individuals.
AB  - Twenty healthy individuals (15 men and 5 women) with initial fasting serum
      triglycerides greater than or equal to 1.80 mmol/l and euglobulin clot lysis time
      after venous occlusion greater than or equal to 60 min (upper normal limit 45
      min) were tested for fibrinolytic response to venous occlusion and intravenous
      injection of desmopressin (DDAVP), serum lipids, serum glucose and relative body
      weight before and after a minimum of 3 to a maximum of 12 months' diet
      intervention. In order to be defined as a good diet responder, at least 20%
      reduction of the initial serum triglyceride concentration was required. At the
      end of the study, half of the participants (7 men and 3 women) met the criteria
      of good diet responders. All of these showed an improved fibrinolytic response to
      DDAVP injection, and 7 out of 10 had a normalized fibrinolytic response to venous
      occlusion. We conclude that, through dietary measures with substantial reduction
      of hypertriglyceridaemia, it is possible to improve and even normalize the
      fibrinolytic potential.

PMID- 3389206
TI  - Decreased skeletal muscle potassium in obesity.
AB  - The effect of body weight on total body potassium, skeletal muscle electrolytes
      and fat content was studied in seven lean and seven obese middle-aged men and
      seven lean and eight obese middle-aged women. Total body potassium and total body
      fat increased with body weight (p less than 0.01 and less than 0.05 for men, and
      p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.001 for women, respectively). So did muscle
      fat in men (p less than 0.01), while muscle tissue potassium was decreased in
      both obese men (p less than 0.001) and obese women (p less than 0.05). The
      skeletal muscle Na/K-ratio tended to be higher in obese men (p less than 0.1) but
      was not related to body weight in women. Skeletal muscle magnesium was higher (p
      less than 0.01) in obese men than in lean men. No differences between lean and
      obese women were found. Obese men had higher diastolic blood pressure (p less
      than 0.05) than lean men, while there was no difference between obese and lean
      women. Compared with lean subjects, obese subjects thus had lower relative
      skeletal muscle mass and men, especially, had more fat and less potassium in the
      skeletal muscle.

PMID- 3389207
TI  - Lung function abnormalities in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis.
AB  - Twenty-five patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) in different stages
      were investigated with respect to pulmonary function abnormalities. The results
      were compared with a reference sample of 17 sex- and age-matched healthy
      subjects. A high prevalence of lung function impairment was found in the PBC
      patients (14/25 [56%]). Bronchial asthma was present in three patients, and
      severe lung emphysema in one. These four patients had an abnormal lung function,
      mainly of obstructive type. There was a statistically significant difference
      between the remaining 21 PBC patients without chronic obstructive lung disease
      and the reference subjects with respect to diffusion capacity. Almost all
      abnormal lung function data were found in the symptomatic PBC patients (i.e.
      symptoms of pruritus, xanthoma, xanthelasmata, jaundice, hyperpigmentation,
      hepatosplenomegaly), 13 out of 18 (72%), whereas only one out of seven
      asymptomatic patients was affected. Nine patients (36%) had reduced diffusion
      capacity compared with none of the reference subjects. The lung function
      abnormalities in PBC patients are similar to those found in sarcoidosis, another
      granulomatous disease.

PMID- 3389208
TI  - Activation of classical pathway complement in chronic inflammation. Elevated
      levels of circulating C3d and C4d split products in rheumatoid arthritis and
      Crohn's disease.
AB  - Split products of complement component 3 (C3) and complement component 4 (C4)
      derived from activation of the alternative and classical complement pathways were
      measured in untreated outpatients, 20 with Crohn's disease and 19 with rheumatoid
      arthritis. Elevated levels of the d split product of C4 (C4d) were observed in 12
      of 19 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and in 9 of 20 patients with Crohn's
      disease. Levels of the d split product of C3 (C3d) were increased in 14 of 19
      patients with rheumatoid arthritis and in 6 of 20 Crohn's disease patients. The
      median values of C4d and C3d were significantly increased in both groups of
      patients. C3d concentrations correlated positively with C4d levels (rs = 0.51
      0.56, p less than 0.005). The complement activation was not reflected in reduced
      plasma levels of native C3 and C4. The data indicate activation of the classical
      complement pathway in both rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease.

PMID- 3389209
TI  - On-line hemodialysis and hemoperfusion in a girl intoxicated by theophylline.
AB  - In a suicidal attempt, a 15-year-old girl had ingested about 40 g of theophylline
      from sustained-release preparations. Symptoms of intoxication increased and serum
      concentrations of theophylline rose from 438 to 1,000 mumol/l. Conservative
      therapy was also combined by the use of hemodialysis as well as charcoal
      hemoperfusion on line. Treatment successfully reduced side-effects and S
      theophylline within 12 hours and the patient could leave the hospital without
      residual sequelae. The combination of hemodialysis and hemoperfusion may reduce
      the risk of hypopotassiemia and hypocalcemia as well as increase in the clearance
      of the drug.

PMID- 3389210
TI  - [Value of cytology in the diagnosis of urothelial kidney tumors].

PMID- 3389211
TI  - [Comparative study of 62 patients randomly treated with adriamycin or cisplatin
      as chemoprophylaxis of their superficial bladder carcinoma].

PMID- 3389212
TI  - [Emergency treatment of bladder hemorrhage by irrigation with potassium alum].

PMID- 3389213
TI  - [Pelvic lipomatosis. Diagnosis using computerized tomography].

PMID- 3389214
TI  - [Alternative to other methods of study of uric components].

PMID- 3389215
TI  - [Necrotizing granulomatous orchitis. Presentation of a case].

PMID- 3389216
TI  - [Conservative surgery in tumors of the upper urothelium. Prospective study].

PMID- 3389217
TI  - [Transurethral resection and autotransfusion in polycythemia vera].

PMID- 3389218
TI  - [Renal agenesia and utero-vaginal duplication with ipsilateral hematocolpos in a
      blind vagina: its possible relation with ingestion of estro-progestagens in
      pregnancy].

PMID- 3389220
TI  - Sixth annual meeting, the Society for the Advancement of Contraception (SAC).
      Tokyo, Japan, May 23-27, 1988. Abstracts.

PMID- 3389219
TI  - [Renal cystic disease induced by estrogens in rabbits].

PMID- 3389221
TI  - Pediatric otology. International symposium. Nijmegen, April 23-25, 1987.
      Proceedings.

PMID- 3389222
TI  - Surgery for congenital aural atresia. The Tubingen Study.

PMID- 3389223
TI  - Incidence, etiology and pathogenesis of cholesteatoma in children.

PMID- 3389224
TI  - Surgery for congenital and acquired cholesteatoma in children.

PMID- 3389225
TI  - Cholesteatoma in children.

PMID- 3389226
TI  - Open cavity mastoidectomy in children. Hearing results at 5 years.

PMID- 3389227
TI  - Treatment of cholesteatoma in children. Residual cholesteatoma related to
      observation time.

PMID- 3389228
TI  - Tympanoplasty as surgical treatment of cholesteatoma in children.

PMID- 3389230
TI  - Use of tissue integrated implants in congenital aural malformations.

PMID- 3389229
TI  - When to do tympanoplasty in children?

PMID- 3389231
TI  - Etiologic factors in secretory otitis.

PMID- 3389232
TI  - Predisposing factors for otitis media with effusion in young children.

PMID- 3389233
TI  - Complications of acute otitis media in children.

PMID- 3389234
TI  - Tonsils and adenoids. Their relation to secretory otitis media.
AB  - This study demonstrates a significant resolution of effusions which is maintained
      for at least 3 years. Improvement results both from adenoidectomy alone and in
      combination with tonsillectomy. Significant audiometric hearing gain also occurs.
      There is a slight but statistically insignificant trend in favour of the combined
      operation, compared with adenoidectomy alone. Similar improvements can be
      achieved by use of a ventilation tube. But re-insertion is required twice as
      frequently with a tube alone than in cases where it is combined with
      adenoidectomy or adeno-tonsillectomy. The relative rates for mortality and
      morbidity of ventilation tube alone, adenoidectomy or adeno-tonsillectomy are
      well recognised. Taking these into account and considering the findings of this
      study there would seem to be little additional benefit from combination of
      tonsillectomy with adenoidectomy compared with adenoidectomy alone. The necessity
      for a second or subsequent anaesthetic in cases treated with a tube alone must
      also be considered. These results give some support to the suggestion that the
      treatment of choice for established bilateral SOM may be adenoidectomy in
      selected cases, combined with unilateral insertion of a ventilation tube. The
      latter procedure effects immediate but short-lived hearing gain. Unilateral
      compared with bilateral insertion reduces the overall complication rate due to
      the tube by 50%. The former procedure effects sustained improvement which
      persists following extrusion of the tube. Further prospective studies are
      required to predict more precisely those cases in which adenoidectomy should be
      recommended.

PMID- 3389235
TI  - Classification of congenital aural atresia and results of reconstructive surgery.

PMID- 3389236
TI  - Possible strategies for early recognition of potential drug safety problems.

PMID- 3389237
TI  - Principles and procedures in female breast reconstruction in the young child's
      burn injury.
AB  - Thermic lesions of the neck, the shoulder, and the thoracic wall in young
      children are characterized by identical etiology, pathology, and prognosis. Scald
      injuries from hot liquids cause deep second-degree up to superficial third-degree
      burns. In these injuries the subcutaneously located mammary gland is not
      affected. Therefore, the severe deformities that may occur in puberty are only
      defects of the soft tissue coverage and not of the mammary glands. Radical scar
      excision and skin grafting is the therapy of choice. Z-plasty and local flaps may
      correct these burn defects only partially because the loss of tissue is
      compensated only by a new distribution of the adjacent skin areas.

PMID- 3389238
TI  - Combination of the square flap method and the dermal sling to correct flat or
      inverted nipples.
AB  - A technique for the correction of flat or inverted nipples is presented. The
      procedure is a combination of the square flap method, which better shapes the
      corrected nipple, and the dermal sling, which provides good support for the
      repaired nipple.

PMID- 3389239
TI  - Experience and technical refinements in the "donut" mastopexy with augmentation
      mammaplasty.
AB  - Minor ptosis and pseudoptosis of the breast may be corrected by a "donut"
      mastopexy. This technique offers the opportunity to reach a good aesthetic result
      with minimal scarring. A prosthesis is inserted at the time of the mastopexy and
      the skin is reduced in an elliptical way to achieve a good balance between the
      breast volume and the skin envelope.

PMID- 3389240
TI  - Cardiac arrhythmias in phenol face peeling: a suggested protocol for prevention.
AB  - Cardiac arrhythmias are a potential complication in phenol face peeling. A
      comprehensive review of the literature is presented here demonstrating its
      reported incidence, as well as the actions of phenol both locally and
      systemically. In addition to the conventional measures that are presently
      followed in chemical face peeling, we present further recommendations for the
      prevention of cardiac arrhythmias. These include maintaining the patient with a
      sufficient fluid load, forcing diuresis with furosemide, and using lidocaine
      hydrochloride as a prophylactic antiarrhythmic agent. These guidelines will help
      avoid serious and even lethal complications.

PMID- 3389241
TI  - Calibrated alar base excision: a 20-year experience.
AB  - Conflicting guidelines for excisions about the alar base led us to develop
      calibrated alar base excision, a modification of Weir's approach. In
      approximately 20% of 1500 rhinoplasties this technique was utilized as a final
      step. Of these patients, 95% had lateral wall excess ("tall nostrils"), 2% had
      nostril floor excess ("wide nostrils"), 2% had a combination of these ("tall-wide
      nostrils"), and 1% had thick nostril rims. Lateral wall excess length is
      corrected by a truncated crescent excision of the lateral wall above the alar
      crease. Nasal floor excess is improved by an excision of the nasal sill.
      Combination noses (e.g., tall-wide) are approached with a combination alar base
      excision. Finally, noses with thick rims are improved with diamond excision.
      Closure of the excision is accomplished with fine simple external sutures.
      Electrocautery is unnecessary and deep sutures are utilized only in wide noses.
      Few complications were noted. Benefits of this approach include straightforward
      surgical guidelines, a natural-appearing correction, avoidance of notching or
      obvious scarring, and it is quick and simple.

PMID- 3389243
TI  - New operative technique to correct an almost complete nasal stenosis: case
      presentations.
AB  - A new flap technique is presented that corrects severe unilateral nasal stenosis.
      It seems to stop the recurrence of the stenosing process and leads to an
      aesthetically symmetrical aspect of the alar wings and nostrils.

PMID- 3389242
TI  - Subcutaneous anterior hairline forehead rhytidectomy.
AB  - An anterior hairline incision with subcutaneous (superficial to the frontalis
      muscle) dissection is recommended for certain categories of rhytidectomy
      patients. Patient selection is a very important preoperative procedure. The
      technique and results are described and illustrated. Advantages and disadvantages
      are discussed.

PMID- 3389245
TI  - Blood glucose and prognosis of acute stroke.
AB  - To study the relation of blood glucose soon after the onset of stroke and outcome
      in terms of fatality and functional recovery 6 months later, two prospective
      studies were performed. Fasting blood glucose measured within 48 hours of onset
      was significantly higher in those who died than in those who survived. However,
      random blood glucose, mean daily blood glucose and HbA1 were not related to
      fatality or functional recovery. Fasting blood glucose levels soon after the
      stroke were significantly higher than those in the same patients measured 1 month
      later. These results suggest that the hyperglycaemia related to decreased
      survival is a stress response rather than an indication of preexisting diabetes
      mellitus but do not support the view that a high blood glucose level is itself
      harmful to the brain.

PMID- 3389244
TI  - Preparing the elderly for discharge from hospital: a neglected aspect of patient
      care?
AB  - People aged 65 years and over are the largest consumer group of hospital care,
      and an important element of their treatment is the transfer back into the
      community. Preparation and planning for discharge is, therefore, an integral
      aspect of the care of older people in hospital. This study used a random sample
      of people aged 65 and over discharged from hospitals throughout Wales to
      investigate, by the use of a postal questionnaire, the preparation they had
      received for their discharge whilst in hospital. Preparation for discharge was
      defined as length of notice of impending discharge and discussions with staff
      about their return home. A response rate of over 80% was obtained to the
      questionnaire. Thirty-nine per cent of the sample were given less than 24 h
      notice of discharge and less than 50% reported that a member of the hospital
      staff discussed their discharge/return home with them whilst in hospital.
      Discharge planning/preparation was very much better amongst patients seen in
      geriatric medicine compared with those seen in other specialties. It is concluded
      that, with the exception of geriatric medicine, discharge planning for the
      elderly remains a very neglected aspect of patient care.

PMID- 3389246
TI  - Geographical variations in the provision of psychiatric services for old people.
AB  - A survey of all identifiable consultants providing specialized psychiatric
      services for old people was conducted in 1985/6. Respondents, mostly working more
      than four sessions per week in old age psychiatry covered 64% of the elderly
      population of the UK. Major variations were recorded between health regions in
      the proportion of the elderly population served by our respondents and in the
      personnel and facilities provided. The national average provision of key
      facilities and groups of staff is reported and regional variations highlighted.

PMID- 3389248
TI  - Planned short-stay admission to a geriatric unit: one aspect of respite care.
AB  - Our unit aims to provide planned short-term in-patient care for any disabled
      elderly person who requests it. The patients using the service over a 12-month
      period are described. Most were heavily disabled and it seems unlikely that their
      carers could cope at home without the opportunity of a break from time to time.
      The service is cheap, as relatively few beds are needed and those mostly in the
      summer. Morbidity amongst patients (and their carers) was high but we could find
      no evidence to support recent suggestions that admitting such patients was
      harmful.

PMID- 3389247
TI  - Clinical prognostic indices of fatality in elderly patients admitted to hospital
      with acute pneumonia.
AB  - Acute pneumonia in the elderly is a common and serious condition. The importance
      of key clinical features and physical signs presenting to the junior hospital
      doctor was prospectively assessed in 100 consecutive patients admitted acutely to
      two hospitals. The most significant finding is that elderly patients with
      pneumonia who are found to be acutely confused at the time of presentation or who
      gave a previous history of chronic brain failure are much more likely to die than
      others. Thus such patients should be assessed with particular attention to the
      early diagnosis and vigorous treatment of pneumonia.

PMID- 3389249
TI  - Pulmonary embolism in the elderly.
AB  - A retrospective study was made of a consecutive series of patients over 65 years
      of age diagnosed as having a pulmonary embolus by either ventilation-perfusion
      lung scan or at necropsy. No clinical features were particularly helpful in
      making the diagnosis though signs of deep-vein thrombosis were present in 35%.
      Anticoagulants were well tolerated by all patients to whom they were prescribed.
      Postmortem findings showed a decreasing frequency of pulmonary emboli in the
      elderly which may indicate a reduction in predisposing factors.

PMID- 3389250
TI  - [The accessory ciliary ganglion and the scattered ganglion cells in the short
      ciliary nerve in the cat].

PMID- 3389251
TI  - [Localization of fluorescein-labeled lectin binding sites on the iris pigmented
      epithelium and the ciliary nonpigmented epithelium of the monkey eye].

PMID- 3389252
TI  - [Anti-lens crystallin antibodies in human sera in cases of cataract and aphakia].

PMID- 3389253
TI  - [The relationship between the accommodative state and wave length of color
      light].

PMID- 3389254
TI  - [The in vitro effects of intraocular irrigating solutions on the barrier function
      of the corneal endothelium and the corneal swelling rate].

PMID- 3389255
TI  - [Lectin binding in human, pig and rabbit corneas].

PMID- 3389256
TI  - [Studies of X-linked recessive ocular albinism of the Nettleship-Falls type--with
      special reference to the association of megalocornea].

PMID- 3389257
TI  - [Pattern-elicited electroretinograms in glaucoma].

PMID- 3389258
TI  - [A rat experimental posterior subcapsular cataract model resembling human
      diabetic cataract].

PMID- 3389259
TI  - [Breakdown of the blood-aqueous barrier with argon laser trabeculoplasty (ALT): a
      fluorophotometric study].

PMID- 3389260
TI  - [Electron microscopic study of the lens in exfoliation syndrome].

PMID- 3389261
TI  - [Platelet function in patients with Behcet's disease--a study on platelet
      aggregability].

PMID- 3389263
TI  - [Effects on the relay-cells in the lateral geniculate nucleus and the retinal
      ganglion cells in experimental amblyopia].

PMID- 3389262
TI  - [A specular microscopic study of cells on intraocular lens: membrane-like
      structures].

PMID- 3389264
TI  - [Photocoagulation for proliferative diabetic retinopathy and vitreous status in
      aggravated cases].

PMID- 3389265
TI  - [An X-ray fluorescence analysis of human senile cataractous lenses and their
      aqueous humor].

PMID- 3389266
TI  - [Retino-choroidal changes with dye laser photocoagulation in experimental
      subretinal hemorrhage].

PMID- 3389268
TI  - [Binocular effects in short latency visual evoked potentials].

PMID- 3389269
TI  - [Visual fatigue-like effect in glaucomas with repeated threshold measurement].

PMID- 3389267
TI  - [The effect of artificial aniseikonia on binocular interaction in visual evoked
      potential elicited by stereoscopic stimulus].

PMID- 3389270
TI  - [Immunological studies on lymphocytes in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with
      Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease and sympathetic ophthalmia].

PMID- 3389271
TI  - [Cyclorotatory optokinetic nystagmus and its properties].

PMID- 3389273
TI  - [Histological studies of experimental YAG laser trabeculotomy in Macacus
      fuscatus].

PMID- 3389272
TI  - [Morphological study on the mechanism of closure of the embryonic fissure].

PMID- 3389274
TI  - [Dye coupling between the choroidal melanocytes].

PMID- 3389276
TI  - [Morphology of ora serrata in autopsy eyes].

PMID- 3389275
TI  - [Objective estimation of modulation transfer function by transient visual evoked
      potentials].

PMID- 3389277
TI  - [Significance of laser gonioplasty for the treatment of glaucoma].

PMID- 3389278
TI  - [Two cases of malignant glaucoma treated by posterior capsulotomy].

PMID- 3389279
TI  - [Soft contact lens adsorption and elution of drugs in a dynamic state].

PMID- 3389280
TI  - [Morphological study of diet-reversal in rat galactose cataract].

PMID- 3389281
TI  - [Basic studies on corneal refractive surgery for astigmatism].

PMID- 3389282
TI  - [Orientation-specific loss of spatial contrast sensitivity in glaucoma].

PMID- 3389283
TI  - [Vitreous fluorophotometry: fluorophotometric findings of macular lesions in
      diabetic retinopathy].

PMID- 3389284
TI  - [Outflow facility after goniosynechialysis].

PMID- 3389285
TI  - [Concurrent recording of accommodative and pupillary responses elicited by quasi
      static accommodative stimulation].

PMID- 3389286
TI  - [Least square estimation of the time constant using a microcomputer].

PMID- 3389287
TI  - [Evaluation of immunosuppressive acid protein in genitourinary malignant
      diseases].
AB  - Clinical significance of serum immunosuppressive acid protein (IAP) was evaluated
      on the basis of experience on 55 patients with genitourinary malignant disease
      and 49 control patients. Although the measurement of serum level of IAP is not
      good enough to diagnose early stage of cancer, patients with 800 micrograms/ml or
      more of serum IAP can be suspected to have malignant diseases. With the exception
      of prostatic cancer, both mean serum level and positive rate of IAP were higher
      in patients with high stage of disease than in those with low stage. Furthermore,
      on an individual basis, serum level of IAP was elevated with the progress of
      malignant tumor and was reduced with effective treatment. Thus, serum IAP is
      considered as a valuable nonspecific tumor marker in monitoring clinical course
      of genitourinary malignant diseases except for cancer of the prostate. In
      patients with advanced prostatic cancer, no definite correlation was seen between
      serum IAP and stage of disease, histopathological finding or serum prostatic acid
      phosphatase.

PMID- 3389288
TI  - [The determination of oxalate in urine by enzymatic method using oxalate oxidase:
      comparison between enzymatic and gas-chromatographic methods].
AB  - Urinary oxalate is one of the most important constituents of urolithiasis, but
      the determination of oxalate in urine has not been performed as a routine
      laboratory examination. We tried to measure oxalate in urine by the enzymatic
      method with oxalate oxidase. The linearity of the standard curve and
      reproducibility of this method were confirmed. (Linearity: r = 0.996, S.D./mean:
      0.5-3.6%, recovery rate: 99.5 +/- 3.3 (mean +/- S.D.)%) The correlation between
      this method and gas-chromatographic method was 0.926. The enzymatic method with
      oxalate oxidase can be utilized for determining the urinary oxalate as a routine
      laboratory examination.

PMID- 3389289
TI  - [A clinical study of tumor of the renal pelvis and ureter].
AB  - We report 54 patients with urothelial tumors in upper urinary tract admitted to
      our hospital between July, 1962 and December, 1985. The patients consisted of 38
      males and 16 females; side their ages ranged from 47 to 88 years with a mean of
      63.4 years. The affected side was the right side in 21 cases, and the left side
      in 33 cases. Macro-or microhematuria was observed in 87% of the patients.
      Pathologically, 53 of the patients had transitional cell carcinoma and 1 had
      papilloma. Six patients had a past history of bladder tumor. Simultaneous bladder
      tumor was identified in 10 cases. Vesical recurrence was observed in 5 cases.
      Total nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff resection was employed as the surgical
      method in 21 cases, and total nephrectomy without bladder cuff resection in 11
      patients. The actual five-year survival rate was 53% for all the patients; 52%
      for patients with renal pelvic tumors, 75% for those with ureteral tumors and 15%
      for those with renal pelvic and ureteral tumors. The patients who received
      nephroureterectomy had a postoperative survival rate similar to that of those who
      received nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff resection. A simultaneous bladder
      tumor lowered the survival rate.

PMID- 3389290
TI  - [Percutaneous nephroureterolithotomy in two city hospitals: review of 102 cases].
AB  - The authors experienced 102 cases of percutaneous nephroureterolithotomy (PNL) in
      the urological clinic at two city hospitals between May, 1984, and July, 1986.
      Percutaneous access for renal pelvis was performed under interventional
      ultrasound and the disintegration of stones was mainly performed by an electric
      drill system. Stones were successfully removed in all the cases, although
      residual stones were recognized in 16 cases (15.7%). Complications were rather
      minor and were treated conservatively without open surgery. PNL is a very
      effective and promising method not only for university hospitals but also for the
      urological clinic in city hospitals.

PMID- 3389291
TI  - [Pathological study on reflux nephropathy].
AB  - Four hundred patients with primary vesicoureteral reflux were followed clinically
      in our department between 1975 and 1984. Histopathological studies including
      immunofluorescent study were carried out on 13 of them. Their renal function was
      followed by intravenous pyelography, and from serum creatinine values,
      proteinuria and radioisotope renograms. Renal deterioration was found in 4
      patients. Proteinuria was observed since the first consultation in three of them.
      Microscopically, mesangial proliferation was observed in all patients but none of
      them showed focal glomerulosclerosis. An immunofluorescent study was carried out
      on 7 patients. IgM deposition was found in 3 patients (43%), C8 deposition in
      only 2 of 3 patients (29%), IgG deposition in 1 of them (14%), and IgA deposition
      in 1 patient (14%). Proteinuria, renal disorders and mesangial proliferation were
      correlated with reflux nephropathy. Especially, intrarenal reflux could cause
      reflux nephropathy but it is impossible to deny immunological factors.

PMID- 3389292
TI  - [Clinical studies against chronic prostatitis and prostatitis-like syndrome (1).
      Clinico-statistical observation].
AB  - We clinically evaluated 605 cases of chronic prostatis and other resembling
      disorders. The incidence was 4.34% of all out-patients (7.54% of male patients).
      The average age was 38.1 years, and many were adolescents. A greater number of
      out-patients were seen in October, November, and December (p less than 0.01) and
      June (p less than 0.05). The type of disease was chronic prostatitis in 48.1%
      (bacterial in 5.3%, non-bacterial in 42.8%) and prostatitis-like syndrome in
      51.9%. The incidence among male patients was 3.63% for chronic prostatitis
      (bacterial in 0.40%, non-bacterial in 3.23%), and 3.91% for prostatitis-like
      syndrome. In the case of chronic prostatis, the abnormal finding rate (p less
      than 0.01), tenderness (p less than 0.01), induration (p less than 0.05) on
      prostatic palpation, non-pretreated rate (p less than 0.01), urological past
      history (p less than 0.05) except prostatitis and urological complications (p
      less than 0.01) were significantly higher. On the other hand, the negative rate
      on urine culture (p less than 0.01), no abnormal findings on palpation (p less
      than 0.01), discomfort (p less than 0.01), discomfort with tenderness (p less
      than 0.01) and past prostatitis episodes (p less than 0.01) were seen
      significantly more in the case of prostatitis-like syndrome. In conclusion,
      chronic prostatitis with inflammatory change on prostate and prostatitis-like
      syndrome without inflammation have similar clinical features, but should be
      diagnosed as totally different types of disease.

PMID- 3389293
TI  - [Chlamydia trachomatis infection among sexual partners of the patients with non
      gonococcal urethritis].
AB  - During the past 3 years, 30 sexual partners including 18 married couples and 12
      extramarital sexual pairs whose male partners were diagnosed as having non
      gonococcal urethritis were examined for Chlamydia trachomatis infection. Twenty
      three of the 30 couples (76.7%) had identical results either positive or negative
      for Chlamydia trachomatis infection. All 3 male partners of the 3 pairs who had
      the non-identical results for Chlamydia trachomatis infection, male negative and
      female positive, had history of urethritis or prostatitis. Fourteen of the 17
      female partners (82.4%) who were positive for Chlamydia trachomatis, had no
      subjective complaints. The above findings suggest the necessity of treating the
      female sexual partners of the non-gonococcal urethritis patients irrespective of
      their symptom.

PMID- 3389294
TI  - [Ureteral obstruction secondary to iliac artery aneurysm].
AB  - A 65-year-old woman was seen in September, 1986, because of general malaise and
      dull pain in the left flank. Physical examination was unremarkable. Murmur was
      not heard over the abdomen. An excretory urogram showed left hydronephrosis and a
      retrograde pyelogram showed extrinsic obstruction at the level of the transverse
      process of the 5th lumbar spine. Computed tomography (CT) showed a mass with
      irregular calcification in its center. The mass was assumed to be located in the
      left iliac artery and as it was enhanced homogeneously, iliac aneurysm was
      suspected. Angiography revealed an aneurysm of the left iliac artery involving
      common, external and internal iliac arteries. The patient was treated by ligation
      of aneurysm, aorto-femoral graft bypass and ureterolysis. Histopathological
      findings showed aneurysm due to atherosclerosis. A postoperative excretory
      urogram showed improvement of hydronephrosis. Ureteral obstruction due to iliac
      aneurysm is unusual but it should be considered when performing differential
      diagnosis of extrinsic ureteral obstruction. CT is a useful diagnostic tool and
      aortography should be done to make a final diagnosis. Treatment is based on
      resection or ligation of aneurysm with ureterolysis.

PMID- 3389295
TI  - [Clinical effects of oxybutynin hydrochloride in the treatment of unstable
      bladder and overactive neurogenic bladder: a long-term clinical trial].
AB  - Clinical effects and therapeutic usefulness of oxybutynin hydrochloride were
      evaluated in a long-term clinical trial on patients with unstable bladders and
      neurogenic bladders. Of the 46 patients entered into the trial, 37 were those
      diagnosed with an unstable bladder and 9 with a neurogenic bladder with
      overactive detrusor. In 37 of the cases (80%), the period of drug administration
      reached up to 12 weeks and in 16 cases (34%) the drugs were administered for more
      than 24 weeks. The average administration period was 165.9 days. The average
      total given dose was 1776.9 mg and average dose per day was 10.7 mg. Excellent
      and good responses were obtained in 76.3, 88.9 and 69.6% at 12 and 24 weeks after
      start of administration and at the time of discontinuing the drug, respectively.
      The cystometric changes at pre- and post-administration were evaluated on 23
      cases and revealed a significant increase in volume at first sensation and
      maximum desire to void. Maximum resting intravesical pressure was significantly
      declined and uninhibited detrusor contractions were significantly suppressed.
      Side effects were noted in 11 of the 46 cases (23.9%), most of which were well
      tolerated by the patients. In 4 cases the drug had to be discontinued because of
      the side effects. Dry mouth was the most common side effect, occupying almost
      half of the incidents. No significant abnormality was noted on blood laboratory
      data, blood pressure or heart rate, following the drug administration. In one
      case slight increase in serum glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase and glutamic
      pyruvic transaminase was encountered, but its relationship with the drug was
      obscure. The clinical usefulness of this drug (excellent and good) was 78.9, 88.9
      and 69.6% at 12 and 24 weeks after start of administration, and at the time of
      drug discontinuation, respectively. The present long-term trial proved that
      oxybutynin hydrochloride is an exceedingly effective and safe agent for clinical
      management of unstable bladder and overactive neurogenic bladder.

PMID- 3389296
TI  - [A long-term therapeutic experience with Cernilton in chronic prostatitis].
AB  - Thirty-two patients with chronic prostatitis were given 6 tables of Cernilton
      daily for 12.6 weeks on the average. Improvement of subjective symptoms and
      objective findings was noted in 74.2% and 65.6% of the cases, respectively. The
      effective rate was 75.0%. No subjective symptoms or abnormal changes in
      laboratory data were observed in any case after Cernilton medication.

PMID- 3389297
TI  - Treatment of male impotence--a pharmacologic erection program.

PMID- 3389298
TI  - Medicine and God: is God obsolete?

PMID- 3389299
TI  - Status report: family practice obstetrics in Alabama--more bad news.

PMID- 3389300
TI  - A symposium: Advances in Congestive Heart Failure. March 27-28, 1987, Oslo,
      Norway. Proceedings.

PMID- 3389301
TI  - Importance of right ventricular function in congestive heart failure.
AB  - Failure of the right ventricle may be due to a congenital anomaly, intrinsic
      disease, pulmonary stenosis or pulmonary hypertension. Left ventricular failure
      may also lead to right ventricular failure if the heart fails totally or
      secondary to pulmonary hypertension, or if filling of the right ventricle is
      decreased due to left ventricular dilation or hypertrophy. Treatment of right
      ventricular failure has yielded disappointing results, except when caused by left
      ventricular failure that responds to therapy. Digitalis and diuretics may have
      more adverse than beneficial effects. In patients with both left and right
      ventricular failure, survival is usually less than 2 years.

PMID- 3389302
TI  - Prognosis of congestive heart failure and predictors of mortality.
AB  - The interaction of physiologic variables that appear to be predictive of
      prognosis in patients with severe congestive heart failure was examined in a
      series of 139 patients referred to a heart failure service. Left ventricular
      ejection fraction, peak oxygen consumption during a progressive maximal exercise
      test and resting plasma norepinephrine concentration were identified as the
      strongest univariate predictors of prognosis. Examination of their interaction
      was accomplished by stratifying each variable into quartiles and then pooling
      quartiles for bivariate analysis. The data demonstrate that ejection fraction has
      the most profound effect on survival calculated from maximal oxygen consumption
      and norepinephrine concentration, but that each of the variables provides
      additional independent prognostic information when added to survival estimated
      from any of the other variables. Therefore, ventricular function, exercise
      tolerance and sympathetic nervous system activation appear to provide independent
      insight into the prognosis of patients with heart failure.

PMID- 3389303
TI  - Formation and differentiation of extraembryonic mesoderm in the rhesus monkey.
AB  - Differentiation of extraembryonic mesoderm in the rhesus monkey was studied from
      the epithelial penetration stage of implantation (stage 4) through the first week
      of postimplantation development (to stage 6). It was found that the first cells
      that appeared between the primitive endoderm (hypoblast) and trophoblast were
      separated from the latter by a basal lamina but appeared to be either loosely
      attached to the endoderm or to have been detached from it. Cells in this
      intermediate position differentiated cytologically into mesenchymal cells, which,
      by stage 5, had a distinctive intraendoplasmic reticulum marker. This
      differentiation occurred prior to the time at which the primitive streak could be
      recognized. By the time the primitive streak was readily discernible (stage 6),
      the extraembryonic mesoderm had already produced substantial extracellular
      matrix. The sequence of differentiation was repeated, with a 1- to 2-day lag, in
      the secondary implantation site. No evidence of a contribution from
      cytotrophoblast or primitive streak to the extraembryonic mesoderm was found. It
      is concluded that the origin of the first extraembryonic mesoderm in the rhesus
      monkey is probably a two-step process, with formation of a reticulum from
      primitive endoderm followed by differentiation in situ into mesenchymal cells.
      The first blood vessels formed also differentiated in situ from the
      extraembryonic mesenchymal cells. Primitive capillaries were identifiable as
      early as the 13th day of pregnancy.

PMID- 3389304
TI  - Morphological differences between secretory cells of wet and dry types of human
      ceruminous glands.
AB  - Morphological differences between secretory cells of the wet and dry types of
      human ceruminous glands were examined. The heights of secretory cells varied from
      tall and medium to low in both wet- and dry-type glands. The two gland types
      differed in morphologic features of the tall cells and the cells of medium
      height. The Golgi apparatus was well developed in the tall cells and fairly well
      developed in the cells of medium height in the wet-type gland, whereas it was
      generally small in the corresponding cells of the dry type. Light granules were
      abundant in the tall cells and in the cells of medium height in the wet-type
      gland, whereas light granules were rare in these cells in the dry-type gland.
      Furthermore, the light granules in the wet-type gland cells were observed in
      close relation to a well-developed Golgi apparatus, and sometimes showed a
      morphologic appearance suggesting exocytosis. Apical protrusions, probably
      related to apocrine secretion, were generally large and round and bore
      "microvilli and light granules" or "very few microvilli and no light granules" in
      the tall cells of the wet-type gland. However, the protrusions of the tall cells
      of the dry-type gland were generally large and slender and possessed no
      microvilli and no granules. The protrusions were not observed in the cells of
      medium height or in low cells in either type of gland. The results show that
      eccrine secretion characterizes the wet-type gland, but it is not clearly evident
      in the dry-type gland. This differences may be related to differences in
      composition between the wet and dry cerumens.

PMID- 3389305
TI  - Ultrastructural observations on human sublingual gland.
AB  - That part of the human sublingual gland that corresponds in morphology to the
      conventional description of this organ presented in most histology texts
      (probably the major sublingual gland, in contradistinction to the aggregated
      small glands that compose the minor sublingual glands) was studied by electron
      microscopy. The gland is mixed, with slightly more mucous elements than
      seromucous ones. The mucous cells are arranged in tubules that usually are capped
      by seromucous demilunes. Seromucous cells also form occasional acini or may be
      scattered in the walls of the mucous tubules. The appearance of the mucous cells
      varies with the stage of the secretory cycle that they may be in. Their secretory
      droplets increase in number and progressively compress cytoplasmic organelles.
      Filamentous bodies also may be present. Based on secretory-granule substructure,
      four different kinds of seromucous cells can be recognized; these may be a
      morphological expression of asynchronous synthesis of different secretory
      proteins. The duct system is an abbreviated one compared to the other major
      salivary glands. The first duct segments, into which the mucous tubules drain,
      are similar to intercalated ducts. Larger ducts contain mitochondria-rich cells
      but lack the basal striations that characterize striated ducts. The paucity of
      typical striated ducts may be correlated with the elaboration of sodium-rich
      saliva by the human sublingual gland.

PMID- 3389306
TI  - Endocytosis in the epithelium of the mouse oviduct.
AB  - We studied the pathway of serum protein transport into the lumen of the mouse
      oviduct by localizing several tracer proteins in the oviduct after intravenous
      injection on days 1, 5, and 11 of pregnancy. Fluorescent proteins were observed
      in the lamina propria and in vesicles in the lumenal epithelial cells mainly in
      the preampulla segment on days 5 and 11 of pregnancy. In the isthmus, there was
      much less fluorescence in the lamina propria and no fluorescent vesicles in
      lumenal epithelial cells. This is similar to previous observations on day 1 and
      indicates that the uptake of serum proteins into lumenal epithelial cells in the
      preampulla is not limited to the time when embryos are present in the oviductal
      lumen. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was present in the lamina propria of the
      preampulla on days 1 and 5, but direct tracer movement into the oviductal lumen
      was blocked by the epithelial junctional complexes. Within the epithelial cells,
      HRP was localized in endocytic vesicles along the basolateral membrane,
      multivesicular bodies (mvb), elongated dense bodies below the nucleus (bdb), and
      many small vesicles near the apical surface of the cells. Ferritin was also used
      as a tracer and was observed in the same locations as HRP. Acid phosphatase in
      the epithelial cells of the preampulla on day 1 was localized in mvb and bdb,
      indicating that these structures are lysosomes. It appeared that HRP and ferritin
      followed two pathways after basolateral endocytosis by the epithelial cells in
      the preampulla: 1) they were transported to apical vesicles that may release
      their contents into the oviductal lumen, or 2) they were transported to
      lysosomes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3389307
TI  - Splenic hemopoiesis of the platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus): evidence of
      primary hemopoiesis in the spleen of a primitive mammal.
AB  - The generation of blood cells has been observed in the spleen and in the bone
      marrow of the platypus. Hemopoiesis was found to be far more active in the spleen
      than in the bone marrow judging by the number of proliferating hemopoietic
      elements within a unit area of tissue from each organ. Granulocytes,
      erythroblasts, and megakaryocytes, with the related immature forms for each cell
      line, were noted in the spleen. In contrast, there were very few examples of
      immature forms of these cell lines and a complete absence of mature
      megakaryocytes in the bone marrow. These findings suggest that the spleen is the
      primary hemopoietic organ in the platypus. Since the platypus is one of two
      species representing the most primitive existing mammals, it seems likely that
      the spleen may be the primary hemopoietic organ in mammalian evolution.

PMID- 3389308
TI  - Electron microscopic study of the prenatal development of the thoracic aorta in
      the rat.
AB  - Prenatal development of the thoracic aorta of the rat during the period ranging
      from gestational days 12 to 21 was examined by transmission electron microscopic
      and morphometric studies. The process of wall formation occurred in four major
      phases. At phase I (gestational day 12), the dorsal aorta consists of an
      endothelium and loosely surrounding mesenchymal cells. Collagen fibrils and fine
      filamentous materials are sparsely present in the intercellular space. At phase
      II (days 13 to 16), the mesenchymal cells begin to differentiate to myoblasts,
      which have small clusters of myofilaments with dense bodies, rough endoplasmic
      reticulum, and a discontinuous basal lamina. The differentiating cells form a few
      compact cell layers around the endothelium. Elastic fibers first occur sparsely
      in juxtacellular spaces at days 13-14. The thickness of the aorta increases
      rapidly from 1-3 layers of cells at day 13 to 5-8 layers at day 17, leading to a
      maximum of 5-9 cell layers at day 20. The differentiation of myoblasts and
      elastogenesis are initiated in the inner layers, and later progress toward the
      outer layer of the aortic wall. At phase III (days 17 to 19), the myoblasts
      continue to develop into typical smooth muscle cells, and elastic fibers rapidly
      increase in both size and number. At phase IV (day 20 and later), smooth muscle
      cells have well-developed myofilaments in the cell periphery, and rough
      endoplasmic reticulum and other organelles tend to accumulate in the apical
      portion of the cytoplasm. Elastic laminae appear in a few inner layers of the
      aortic wall.

PMID- 3389309
TI  - Detection and quantification of CUPED, an estrogen-dependent uterine protein, in
      uterine fluid and endometrial tissue of estrous and pregnant cats.
AB  - Uterine flushings, media from cultured endometrial explants, and endometrial
      tissue obtained from estrous and pregnant cats were analyzed for the presence of
      a previously characterized, high-molecular-weight, estrogen-dependent
      glycoprotein (CUPED) by polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis, Western blots,
      radioimmunoassay, and immunocytochemistry. Elevated levels of CUPED were present
      within the flushings, media, and tissue of estrous and 3-day postcoital animals.
      High levels of CUPED were also present in the flushings of 5-day postcoital
      animals; but the ability of endometrial explants to synthesize CUPED during short
      term culture was greatly reduced, and only some of the endometrial glands
      contained CUPED secretory granules. CUPED was essentially nondetectable in the
      flushings, media, and tissues of animals pregnant for 7 or more days. Thus CUPED
      is present within the uterine lumen of the cycling cat at the time of sperm
      migration through the uterus and also for the first day or two that the
      developing blastocyst is present within the uterine lumen. The disappearance of
      CUPED from the tissue and flushings was correlated with the luteal production of
      progesterone.

PMID- 3389310
TI  - Venous valve anatomy and morphometry: studies on the duckling using vascular
      corrosion casting.
AB  - The anatomy and morphometry of venous values associated with the vasculature of
      the head of the duckling were studied using vascular corrosion casting and
      scanning electron microscopy. All valves encountered were bicuspid, and casts
      typically exhibited slight expansions at valve sinuses and deep slits at the
      sites of valve leaflets. The locations, numbers, and orientations of endothelial
      nuclei on all surfaces of the valves were clearly revealed by imprints in the
      casting resin. Endothelial cell densities were significantly higher on the
      surfaces of valve leaflets (about 10 cells/1,000 micron2) than on other venous
      surfaces (about 7 cells/1,000 micron2). Endothelial nuclei on the medial surface
      of the valve leaflet were oriented parallel to the long axis of the vessel,
      whereas those on the lateral surface were oriented perpendicular to that axis.
      The close proximities of valves in some vessels and the presence of anomalies
      such as the sharing of leaflets by adjacent valves were readily demonstrated with
      the corrosion-casting techniques. These methods provide a useful means for
      studying the fine, three-dimensional details of venous valve anatomy.

PMID- 3389311
TI  - Trabecular, nasal, branchial, and pericardial cartilages in the sea lamprey,
      Petromyzon marinus: fine structure and immunohistochemical detection of elastin.
AB  - Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural methods were used to examine the
      distribution of elastin and the fine structure of the trabecular, nasal,
      branchial, and pericardial cartilages in the sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus. The
      cells and matrix, as well as the overall organization of these components, in
      larval and adult trabecular cartilage resemble those of adult annular and piston
      cartilages (Wright and Youson: Am. J. Anat., 167:59-70, 1983) Chondrocytes are
      similar to those in hyaline cartilage. Lamprin fibrils and matrix granules, but
      no collagen fibrils, are found in a matrix arranged into pericellular,
      territorial, and interterritorial zones. Branchial, pericardial, and nasal
      cartilages differ from trabecular, annular, and piston cartilages in the
      organization of their matrix and in the structural components of their matrix and
      perichondria. Furthermore, immunoreactive elastin-like material is present within
      the perichondria and peripheral matrices of nasal, branchial, and pericardial
      cartilages in both larval and adult lampreys. Oxytalan, elaunin, and elastic-like
      fibers are dispersed between collagen fibers in the perichondrium. The matrix
      contains lamprin fibrils, matrix granules, and a band of amorphous material,
      which is reminiscent of elastin, in the periphery bordering the perichondrium.
      The presence of elastic-like fibers and elastin-like material within some lamprey
      cartilages implies that this protein may have evolved earlier in vertebrate
      history than has been previously suggested.

PMID- 3389312
TI  - Vascularization of the telencephalic choroid plexus of a ganoid fish [Acipenser
      ruthenus (L.)].
AB  - The vascularization of the telencephalic choroid plexus of the sterlet Acipenser
      ruthenus, a ganoid fish, was examined by vascular corrosion casting and by light
      and transmission electron microscopy. The arterial supply is from the dorsal
      mesencephalic artery via: 1) the ventral choroidal arteries (left and right); 2)
      the dorsal choroidal arteries (left and right); 3) the caudal choroidal arteries
      (left and right); 4) the ventral arteries of the dorsal sac; and, from the
      olfactory arteries, via 5) the rostral choroidal arteries. The venous drainage is
      mainly through a single main choroidal vein that can take various courses either
      directly to the anterior cardinal vein or via the middle cerebral vein to the
      anterior cardinal vein. To a lesser extent, the plexus is drained via the lateral
      telencephalic veins and the ventral vein of the dorsal sac to the middle cerebral
      vein. By angioarchitecture and form, the plexus can be subdivided into five
      distinct parts: the surface network, the median folds, the large lateral folds,
      the small lateral folds, and the area common to the bottom of the dorsal sac and
      the telencephalic plexus. Diameters of terminal vessels as measured from vascular
      corrosion casts and from paraplast, semithin, and ultrathin sections were never
      less than 10 micron. It is suggested that the different areas in one plexus may
      have different functions with respect to secretion and absorption of
      cerebrospinal fluid.

PMID- 3389313
TI  - Ultrastructure of odontogenic cells during enameloid matrix synthesis in tooth
      buds from an elasmobranch, Raja erinacae.
AB  - The ultrastructure of the inner dental epithelial cells (IDE) and odontoblasts in
      elasmobranch (Raja erinacae) tooth buds was investigated by transmission electron
      microscopy to determine what contribution each cell type makes to the forming
      enameloid matrix. Row II, early stage, IDE cells contained few organelles
      associated with protein synthesis, whereas preodontoblasts appeared competent to
      initiate extracellular matrix production. Row III IDE cells are also devoid of
      organelles related to secretory protein synthesis, although these IDE cells
      accumulated large pools of intracellular glycogen. The glycogen appeared to be
      packaged into vesicles and exocytosed into the lateral extracellular space toward
      the forming enameloid matrix. Row III odontoblasts had a morphology consistent
      with an active protein secretory cell. No procollagen granules were present
      within the odontoblasts, however, nor were many collagen fibers observed in the
      enameloid matrix. Instead, non-collagenous "giant" fibers having 17.5-nm periodic
      cross striations were associated with the invaginations of odontoblast cell
      processes. Giant fibers, which spanned a clear zone adjacent to the odontoblasts,
      terminated within the enameloid matrix. Smaller 25-nm-wide "unit" fibers emanated
      from the giant fiber tips to form the bulk of the enameloid matrix. The clear
      zone, which separated the odontoblasts from the enameloid matrix at early stages,
      diminished in size at later stages until the odontoblast processes were
      completely embedded in the enameloid matrix. Nascent enameloid crystallites were
      observed only after a layer of unmineralized predentin was deposited beneath
      fully formed enameloid matrix. The results suggest that the major constituent of
      the enameloid matrix in skates is a non-collagenous protein derived from the
      odontoblasts. The inner dental epithelial cells appear to contribute large
      quantities of carbohydrates to the forming enameloid matrix.

PMID- 3389314
TI  - Preservation of the ability of dissociated quail wing bud mesoderm to elicit a
      position-related differentiative response.
AB  - Previous studies showed that grafting wedges of fresh or cultured anterior quail
      wing mesoderm into posterior slits in chick wing buds resulted in the formation
      of supernumerary cartilage in a high percentage of cases. When anterior quail
      mesoderm, which had been dissociated into single cells and pelleted by
      centrifugation, was grafted into posterior slits of host chick wing buds,
      supernumerary rods or nodules of cartilage formed in 74.3% of the cases. Few
      supernumerary skeletal structures formed following control operations in which
      pelleted dissociated anterior or posterior mesoderm was grafted into homologous
      locations in host chick wing buds. When pelleted, dissociated anterior mesoderm
      was cultured in vitro for 1 or 2 days prior to being implanted in posterior
      locations, the incidence of supernumerary cartilage formation increased to 95.5%
      and 93.8%, respectively. The incidence of supernumerary cartilage formation
      following control orthotopic grafts of cultured mesoderm was 11.8% for 1-day and
      31% for 2-day cultured anterior mesoderm; for 1- and 2-day cultured posterior
      mesoderm, the incidence of supernumerary cartilage formation was 20% and 41.7%,
      respectively. Longer-term culture resulted in a substantial decrease in the
      percentage of supernumerary cartilage after anterior to posterior grafts and an
      increase in the incidence of supernumerary cartilage from control grafts. The
      results demonstrate that quail anterior wing bud mesodermal cells do not need to
      maintain constant contact with one another in order to retain the ability to form
      or stimulate the formation of supernumerary cartilage after being grafted into a
      posterior location in a host wing bud. This ability is retained when the pelleted
      dissociated mesoderm is cultured in vitro outside the limb field for at least 1
      to 2 days.

PMID- 3389315
TI  - A test of positional properties of avian wing-bud mesoderm.
AB  - Supernumerary wing structures are readily produced by grafting pieces of wing-bud
      mesoderm into different locations of host wing buds, but the mechanism underlying
      their formation remains obscure. The major aim of this study was to examine the
      ability of posterior quail wing-bud mesoderm, cultured in vitro long enough to
      lose ZPA (zone of polarizing activity) activity, to stimulate or participate in
      the formation of supernumerary structures when grafted into anterior slits of
      host chick wing buds. Small pieces of anterior and posterior quail wing-bud
      mesoderm (HH stages 21-23) were placed in in vitro culture for up to 3 days.
      After 2 days, ZPA activity of cultured mesoderm was lost. After the grafting of 2
      to 3-day cultured anterior quail wing-bud mesoderm into posterior slits of host
      chick wing-buds, a consistently high percentage (70%-90%) of grafts result in
      formation of supernumerary cartilage; in this experiment, however, only a low
      percentage of grafts resulted in supernumerary cartilage when 2- to 3-day
      cultured posterior mesoderm was grafted into anterior slits. Taken with controls,
      these results show that positional differences exist between cultured anterior
      and posterior wing-bud mesoderm. Serial-section analysis of numerous operated
      wings has shown several patterns of contribution to supernumerary structures by
      cells of graft and host. Single supernumerary digits induced by grafts of ZPA
      mesoderm into anterior slits were normally composed entirely of host cells, but
      graft cells regularly contributed to skeletal elements of more complex
      supernumerary structures. Cartilage rods produced by anterior-to-posterior grafts
      were composed mostly of graft cells, but cartilage nodules and the bases of some
      rods were often mosaics of chick and quail cells. The results support the
      proposition that mesodermal cells of the quail wing-bud possess a form of
      anteroposterior positional memory, but its nature and the means by which the
      memory of grafted cells interacts with host mesoderm are still not clear.

PMID- 3389316
TI  - Riboflavin and thiamin status and birth outcome as a function of maternal aerobic
      exercise.
AB  - Twenty-eight healthy pregnant women taking vitamin-mineral supplements served as
      controls or participated in a walking program from 22 to 30 wk gestation to
      determine the effects of aerobic exercise on maternal riboflavin and thiamin
      status and birth outcome. Aerobic capacity was evaluated by heart rate (HR) and
      relative oxygen consumption (RVO2) during submaximal treadmill walking. HR
      responses at 30 wk gestation were significantly lower for walking (n = 18) than
      nonwalking (n = 10) groups at 2 and 4 min of exercise. RVO2 for walkers decreased
      significantly from 22 to 30 wk at 2, 4, and 6 min. Riboflavin and thiamin status,
      determined by erythrocyte glutathione reductase and transketolase activity
      coefficients, was adequate for 86 and 96% of the subjects, respectively. Birth
      outcome measurements were similar for all subjects. Participation in the walking
      program slightly improved aerobic capacity without affecting riboflavin or
      thiamin status or birth outcome in pregnant women taking vitamin-mineral
      supplements.

PMID- 3389317
TI  - Maternal aerobic exercise and vitamin B-6 status.
AB  - Effects of an aerobic walking program during gestational weeks 22-30 on vitamin B
      6 status and birth outcome were studied in 28 healthy pregnant women, aged 21-36
      y, receiving vitamin-mineral supplements. Mean daily vitamin B-6 intake,
      excluding a 10-mg supplement, was 1.81 mg. Subjects in the walking (n = 18) and
      nonwalking (n = 10) groups had similar microbiologically assessed plasma total
      vitamin B-6 levels and radioenzymatically assessed plasma pyridoxal phosphate
      concentrations. One walker at 22 wk and at 30 wk and a second walker at 30 wk had
      plasma total vitamin B-6 concentrations in the low-normal range; the same was
      true for plasma pyridoxal phosphate levels except that the 30-wk value for the
      walker who was low at 22 wk was missing. Birth-outcome measurements were similar
      for both groups. Participation in the walking program slightly improved aerobic
      fitness without affecting vitamin B-6 status or birth outcome in pregnant women
      taking vitamin-mineral supplements.

PMID- 3389319
TI  - Calcium supplementation: effect on blood pressure and urinary mineral excretion
      in normotensive male lactoovovegetarians and omnivores.
AB  - After an initial 4-wk period, 36 healthy male subjects aged 19-28 y (14
      lactoovovegetarians and 22 omnivores) were given a supplement to their usual diet
      of 27.9 mmol calcium/d for 5 wk. During this period 22 blood pressure
      measurements were taken and 30 24-h urine specimens and 15 24-h dietary records
      were obtained. Base-line blood pressures did not differ significantly between
      vegetarians and omnivores (118.3/59.3 and 119.5/60.7, respectively). At the end
      of the supplementation period there was a decrease in diastolic blood pressure of
      1.4 mm Hg (p less than 0.10) and an unexpected increase in systolic blood
      pressure of 2.1 mm Hg (p less than 0.01) in the omnivores. Although not
      significant, the same trends were observed in the vegetarians. In both groups Ca
      and magnesium excretions increased significantly and phosphorus excretion
      decreased significantly. Blood pressure of normotensive subjects with high basal
      Ca intake may not be sensitive to Ca supplementation.

PMID- 3389318
TI  - Plasma pyridoxal phosphate concentrations of men fed different levels of vitamin
      B-6.
AB  - The vitamin B-6 status of 12 white, 3 black, and 7 men of other races was
      evaluated utilizing plasma pyridoxal phosphate concentrations after the males had
      been on controlled diets for 8 wk. The diets contained averages of 1.22-1.67 mg/d
      vitamin B-6 as calculated from food composition tables. The actual mean vitamin B
      6 content of these diets as analyzed with Saccharomyces uvarum was 0.75-0.98
      mg/d; the mean daily protein intakes were 80.8-84.5 g. All subjects had plasma
      pyridoxal phosphate concentrations (67.6-125.8 nmol/L) well within the normal
      range; the values of the different race and dietary groups were similar. Vitamin
      B-6 requirements were satisfied by the consumption of diets analyzed to contain
      means of 0.75-0.98 mg/d of the vitamin as demonstrated by plasma pyridoxal
      phosphate levels indicative of adequate status. Dietary vitamin B-6 intakes
      should be determined by actual analyses when requirements are being determined.

PMID- 3389320
TI  - Selenium supplementation in healthy Belgian adults: response in platelet
      glutathione peroxidase activity and other blood indices.
AB  - Selenium status was explored by investigating effects of a 60-d Se
      supplementation with DL-selenomethionine (100 micrograms Se/d) in a group of 10
      adults (plasma Se levels, 0.76-1.33 mumol/L). Plasma, erythrocyte, and urinary Se
      and activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH Px) in plasma, erythrocytes, and
      platelets were measured before intervention and after 5, 15, 30, 45, and 60 d. A
      placebo was given to six adults. Plasma and urinary Se were the most sensitive
      indices to Se exposure. Se in plasma increased steadily during the course of the
      study whereas urinary Se reached a plateau between 30 and 60 d. By contrast
      erythrocyte Se did only change after 45 d. Enzyme in plasma and erythrocytes did
      not respond whereas platelet GSH Px did. The plateau of activity that was
      observed after 15 d for plasma Se in the range 1.40-1.50 mumol/L could mean that
      the Se status is insufficient for an optimal function of GSH Px and implies that
      dietary intake in Belgium (less than 50-60 micrograms Se/d) is not adequate.

PMID- 3389321
TI  - Alcohol and dietary intake in the development of chronic pancreatitis and liver
      disease in alcoholism.
AB  - Alcohol and dietary intake were determined in alcoholic patients with chronic
      pancreatitis and alcoholic liver disease. Patients with chronic pancreatitis,
      alcoholic hepatitis, and cirrhosis ingested approximately 50% of their calories
      as alcohol, and all had low mean intakes of protein, carbohydrate, and fat as
      compared with control subjects. Patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis had the
      lowest intake of nonalcohol calories and protein. Women with chronic pancreatitis
      had ingested alcohol for a shorter period of time than men whereas women with
      alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis had ingested less alcohol per kilogram body
      weight per day as compared with men. This study does not support the hypothesis
      that consumption of a high-protein and high-fat diet is a factor in the
      development of chronic pancreatitis in the alcoholic patient. The increased
      susceptibility of women as compared with men to alcoholic liver disease is
      established.

PMID- 3389322
TI  - Nutritional status in persons with and without senile cataract: blood vitamin and
      mineral levels.
AB  - As part of an exploratory study of nutrition and senile cataract relationships
      between biochemical markers of nutritional status and senile cataract were
      examined in 112 subjects aged 40-70 y. Seventy-seven subjects had a cataract in
      at least one lens. Blood levels were determined for total carotenoids, vitamin A,
      vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin C, riboflavin, thiamin, vitamin B-6, zinc, copper,
      selenium, and magnesium. Subjects were grouped into quintiles for each nutrient.
      Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) for cataract among
      subjects in the highest quintile and the middle three quintiles relative to
      subjects in the lowest quintile. ORs were adjusted for age, sex, race, and
      presence of diabetes. Results suggest that risk of cortical cataract was reduced
      for subjects in the highest quintile of vitamin D and total carotenoids and that
      persons with cataract may have lower levels of vitamin C and higher levels of
      vitamin B-6 and Se.

PMID- 3389323
TI  - Bioelectric impedance phase angle and body composition.
AB  - The use of bioelectric impedance phase angle for predicting body composition was
      determined in 53 males and 69 females 9-62 y of age. The phase angle describes
      the amount of reactance (Xc) in a conductor relative to the amount of resistance
      (R). Bioelectric resistance (R) and reactance (Xc) were determined for the whole
      body and separately for arm, leg, and trunk. Weight, stature, and skinfold
      thicknesses were measured. Body composition was determined from densitometry.
      Phase angles for the trunk (phi t), leg (phi 1), and whole body (phi w) had
      significant (p less than 0.05) negative correlations with percent body fat (%BF)
      in each sex, and positive correlations with fat-free mass (FFM) in males. In
      multiple regression analyses, phi t was associated significantly with %BF after
      controlling for age, mean skinfold thickness, and weight/stature2 in each sex.
      Bioelectric phase angle for the trunk may be useful for predicting %BF in
      clinical and survey research.

PMID- 3389325
TI  - Time to decide about clinical nutrition accreditation.

PMID- 3389324
TI  - The brick whose time has come.

PMID- 3389326
TI  - Mean stool transit time.

PMID- 3389327
TI  - New equations for estimating body fat mass in pregnancy from body density or
      total body water.
AB  - The equations for estimating fat mass from body density or total body water are
      not appropriate for application in pregnancy, because the underlying assumptions
      with respect to density and composition of fat-free mass do not hold for
      pregnancy. Representative values have been derived from literature data for
      density and water content of maternal fat-free mass throughout pregnancy. Using
      these values we developed a method that provides new equations for estimating fat
      mass from body density or total body water for any desired stage of pregnancy.
      The validity of the new equations based on body density is discussed using data
      on body weight and body density obtained from a longitudinal study on well
      nourished Dutch pregnant women. Because the new equations result in more valid
      estimates of maternal body fat mass, we suggest that they be used in studies on
      energy balance in pregnancy.

PMID- 3389328
TI  - Nutritional evaluation of soldiers subsisting on meal, ready-to-eat operational
      rations for an extended period: body measurements, hydration, and blood
      nutrients.
AB  - To evaluate the nutritional value of a new military operational ration, meal,
      ready-to-eat (MRE), 27 soldiers were fed the ration as their only food during a
      34-d field exercise at an elevation of 1800 m. Thirty soldiers given hot
      breakfasts and dinners and MREs for lunch served as control subjects.
      Measurements were made of body height, weight, skinfold thickness at four sites,
      urine volume and concentration, urinary zinc loss, hemoglobin, hematocrit, serum
      alkaline phosphatase activity, serum concentrations of albumin, total protein,
      ascorbic acid, folate, retinol, and Zn, and plasma pyridoxal phosphate
      concentration. The men fed only MREs experienced significant weight loss compared
      with those fed hot meals. Neither group appeared to be dehydrated. Hemoglobin and
      hematocrit values rose in response to increased elevation. Both groups of
      soldiers displayed normal values, indicative of acceptable nutritional status, of
      serum proteins, measured vitamins, and Zn.

PMID- 3389329
TI  - Energy metabolism, body composition, and milk production in healthy Swedish women
      during lactation.
AB  - Variables of relevance to energy requirements during reproduction were studied in
      23 healthy lactating Swedish women. Body composition and resting metabolic rate
      (RMR) were studied before pregnancy and three times postpartum. Energy intake was
      studied before pregnancy and, together with breast-milk production, 2 mo
      postpartum. The women gained 5.8 +/- 4.2 kg fat during pregnancy and their
      average fat content was unchanged during the first 2 mo of lactation whereas a
      slight loss (1.7 +/- 4.2 kg) occurred during the following 4 mo. RMR increased
      slightly during lactation in spite of a decrease in fat-free body weight 2 and 6
      mo postpartum. Energy intake increased during lactation (280 +/- 440 kcal/d). The
      women produced 740 +/- 150 g breast milk/d containing 0.64 +/- 0.08 kcal/g. The
      results indicate that current estimates of energy needs during lactation may be
      too high.

PMID- 3389330
TI  - Long-term effect of a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet on plasma lipids of
      patients affected by familial endogenous hypertriglyceridemia.
AB  - We evaluated the effect of a low-fat, high carbohydrate (LFHC) diet on plasma
      lipids in 10 patients affected by familial endogenous hypertriglyceridemia. All
      the patients studied underwent a base-line period of 4 wk, a 12-wk intervention
      period, and an 8-wk switch-back period. During the control periods patients
      consumed approximately 45% of energy as fat and approximately 40% as
      carbohydrate. During the intervention period they consumed an isocaloric diet
      containing approximately 25% of energy as fat and approximately 60% as
      carbohydrate. Total plasma triglyceride and cholesterol levels decreased
      significantly after 45 and 90 d of treatment (p less than 0.01). The reduction of
      plasma cholesterol was associated mostly with the decrease in VLDL cholesterol (p
      less than 0.01) while LDL cholesterol increased at days 45 and 90 of the LFHC
      diet (p less than 0.01). Finally, we observed a significant increase in HDL
      cholesterol both at days 45 and 90 of the LFHC diet (p less than 0.01). The LFHC
      diet we used may be an useful tool in the management of hypertriglyceridemia.

PMID- 3389331
TI  - Food intake in dieters and nondieters after a liquid meal containing medium-chain
      triglycerides.
AB  - Medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) may be of benefit in the control of body weight
      by reducing food intake but this has not been established in humans. The effect
      of three doses (100, 200, and 300 kcal) of preloads of two complete liquid diets
      containing either 30% long-chain triglycerides (LCT) or 24% MCT with 6% LCT on
      subsequent intake was tested in dieting and nondieting females. Thirty minutes
      after consuming these preloads, subjects were offered a varied self-selection
      lunch. The major finding was that in the nondieters MCT at all doses was followed
      by a significantly decreased caloric intake in the lunch. Dieters were
      unresponsive to the type of dietary fat and tended to eat the same number of
      calories regardless of the preload. Although MCT can reduce short-term food
      intake in some individuals, further experiments are required to establish the
      possible benefit of MCT in weight control.

PMID- 3389332
TI  - Specific resistivity used to estimate fat-free mass from segmental body measures
      of bioelectric impedance.
AB  - This report provides estimates of specific resistivity for a sample of 123
      children and adults aged 9-62 y. The mean muscle-specific resistivities for the
      upper and lower extremities (arm and leg) and trunk of these participants were
      used to compute estimates of fat-free mass (FFM) from the sum of the corrected
      total muscle conductive volumes of the arms, legs, and trunk. Mean values for
      predictions of FFM from S2/Z or from the product of total muscle conductive
      volume and the density of FFM were not significantly different from means of FFM
      estimated from body density by underwater weighing. This analysis demonstrates
      that an estimate of FFM can be obtained by summing the conductive muscle volumes
      of each body segment derived from the corresponding segment lengths squared,
      measures of bioelectric impedance, and mean muscle-specific resistivities. These
      mean estimates of FFM are not as accurate as mean predictions of FFM from S2/Z in
      regression equations.

PMID- 3389333
TI  - Oral hydration solutions in experimental osmotic diarrhea: enhancement by alanine
      and other amino acids and oligopeptides.
AB  - Improvement of sodium absorption during the administration of oral hydration
      solutions (OHS) could increase the efficacy of formulations used in the treatment
      of infantile diarrhea. To test this hypothesis, selected protein breakdown
      products were evaluated as absorption enhancers in OHS of different osmolalities
      and Na-to-glucose ratios in an animal model of osmotic diarrhea induced by
      cathartics. A very significant increase in water and Na absorption occurred in
      rats with diarrhea when they were perfused with a 90-mmol/L-Na, 111-mmol/L
      glucose OHS containing 30 mmol/L of L-alanine (Ala). The same effect on Na
      retention was observed with a protein hydrolysate (PrH) in rats with diarrhea.
      Glycine was not effective. Other experimental OHS were ineffective in rats with
      diarrhea. The data indicate that in this animal model of chronic diarrhea Na
      transport enhancers, such as Ala and a PrH, are most efficacious in the presence
      of higher Na concentration.

PMID- 3389334
TI  - One-year follow-up of weight, total body potassium, and total body nitrogen in
      obese adolescents treated with the protein-sparing modified fast.
AB  - Seventeen obese adolescents were treated with the protein-sparing modified fast
      (PSMF), a high-protein, low-carbohydrate, low-calorie diet, for approximately 3
      mo and then followed for a total of 12 mo. The diet provided a mean of 880
      kcal.kg-1. d-1 and 2.5 g protein. kg IBW-1. d-1. Body composition was determined
      using four skinfold measurements, total body potassium (TBK), and total body
      nitrogen (TBN) at baseline, 3 mo, and 12 mo. Twelve subjects returned for follow
      up at 1 y (71%) and 48% had sustained weight loss with the percentage ideal body
      weight for height decreased from 154 to 125 over the year. Six subjects had TBK
      and TBN measured and TBK decreased 13.0% and TBN decreased 14.3% over the year.
      This reflected a change toward normalization of the predicted TBK from 121 to
      102% and TBN from 119 to 102%.

PMID- 3389335
TI  - Current concepts in the management of prostatic cancer.
AB  - In most western countries, carcinoma of the prostate is the second most frequent
      cause of cancer death following carcinoma of the lung. In the pathogenesis of
      clinical carcinoma of the prostate, several mutational steps can be distinguished
      which correlate with subclinical and clinical situations. Focal carcinoma is
      identified in autopsy series at least 500-1,000 times more than is appreciated on
      clinical grounds alone. Still, focal carcinoma must be considered the precursor
      of all clinical disease. At least three mutational steps must be involved in the
      pathogenesis: the development of focal carcinoma from normal cells, the
      progression to hormone-dependent clinical carcinoma, and the progression to
      hormone-independent carcinoma. The geographic variation of these events suggests
      that exogenous factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of prostatic
      cancer. Focal, noninvasive carcinoma is found in the clinical situation
      incidentally upon treatment of obstruction in 8-12% of cases with benign
      prostatic hyperplasia. This lesion is usually not treated aggressively. The
      incidence of clinical prostatic carcinoma is strictly age-related. Because the
      tumor largely occurs after age 50, and competing causes of death play an
      important role, only about 50% of all patients with clinical prostatic carcinoma
      are likely to die of this disease. Prostatic carcinoma is most frequently
      diagnosed in the metastatic state (40-50%). The remainder are locally confined
      with an incidence of lymph node metastases of roughly 35%. Tumors diagnosed in
      the metastatic state have a distinctly poorer prognosis than tumors diagnosed as
      potentially curable lesions. Metastatic prostatic carcinoma is usually managed by
      means of androgen suppression. Hormone-dependent human tumor lines in nude mice
      suggest that endocrine-dependent cells are not killed by androgen withdrawal, but
      remain dormant and can be restimulated to grow. In the same sense, management of
      prostatic carcinoma appears to be palliative. Patients die of prostatic carcinoma
      because hormone-independent cell populations develop and cannot be influenced by
      hormonal management. Still-open questions concerning endocrine management are the
      timing of androgen withdrawal (early versus delayed) and the degree of androgen
      withdrawal (total versus subtotal). Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH)
      agonists and antiandrogens allow endocrine management with minimal side effects.
      Prolongation of life and cure can only be expected from simultaneous effective
      treatment of hormone-independent tumor cell populations.

PMID- 3389337
TI  - Platelet crossmatching.

PMID- 3389336
TI  - The relationship between micrometastases in the bone marrow, histopathologic
      features of the primary tumor in breast cancer and prognosis.
AB  - The pathologic features of the primary tumors in 285 patients with breast cancer
      at the time of initial presentation, and with no clinical evidence of distant
      metastases, have been analyzed. The results have been compared with the detection
      of tumor cells in the bone marrow by use of an immunocytochemical method using
      antisera raised against the epithelial membrane antigen (EMA). The authors found
      EMA-positive cells (i.e., tumor cells) in the bone marrow of 77 (27%) patients
      and a significant association between the presence of such EMA-positive cells in
      the bone marrow and tumor size (P = 0.006) and peritumoral vascular invasion (P =
      less than 0.001). A possible relationship with estrogen receptor negativity (P =
      0.06) also was noted.

PMID- 3389338
TI  - RDWs and rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 3389339
TI  - Ranking and evaluating dipstick urine screening tests.

PMID- 3389340
TI  - On large, intracytoplasmic bodies.

PMID- 3389341
TI  - More on large intracytoplasmic bodies.

PMID- 3389343
TI  - Fine-needle aspiration cytology of monomorphic adenomas.
AB  - The diagnostic accuracy of fine-needle aspiration of salivary gland lesions is
      now widely accepted. The cytologic appearance of two rare monomorphic variants of
      pleomorphic adenomas is described. The trabecular-tubular adenoma consisted of a
      trabecular arrangement of uniform small cells with scant basophilic cytoplasm and
      round nuclei. No mucoid spheres were present. The canalicular adenoma also had a
      distinctive cytologic appearance consisting of papillae and interconnected
      canaliculi lined by a layer of columnar epithelium. Monomorphic adenomas have
      unique morphologic appearances that can be recognized in fine-needle aspiration
      cytology. Preoperative diagnosis can greatly aid the surgeon in the planning of
      definitive surgical excision of salivary gland neoplasms.

PMID- 3389342
TI  - Immunohistochemistry of CEA in the human pancreas during development, in the
      adult, chronic pancreatitis, and pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
AB  - This study describes the immunohistologic distribution of carcinoembryonic
      antigen (CEA) in 30 fetal pancreata, 5 normal adult pancreata, 11 cases of
      chronic pancreatitis without carcinoma, 16 cases of chronic pancreatitis with
      carcinoma, and 20 cases of primary pancreatic adenocarcinoma. The position of CEA
      cross-reacting antigen, especially of nonspecific cross-reacting antigen (NCA),
      was also studied in the case of chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic
      adenocarcinoma. For this purpose, both monospecific antibodies to CEA and NCA, as
      well as cross-reacting antibodies, were used in an indirect immunoperoxidase
      technique. CEA reactivity could not be detected, neither during pancreatic
      development nor in chronic pancreatitis with or without associated
      adenocarcinoma. In 15 of 20 pancreatic adenocarcinomas, CEA positivity was found
      both with membranous and cytoplasmic localization. With the use of the cross
      reacting antibodies, all cases of chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic
      adenocarcinomas showed positive staining of both ductal and tubular structures.
      Antibodies to NCA closely mimicked the results obtained with the cross-reacting
      antibodies both in pancreatitis and adenocarcinoma. From the authors' results it
      can be concluded that CEA is not a developmental antigen of the pancreas.
      Furthermore, NCA cross-activity of anti-CEA antibodies is an important reason of
      false positive reaction in chronic pancreatitis. Moreover, true CEA positivity in
      the pancreas appears to be restricted to adenocarcinoma of the exocrine pancreas.

PMID- 3389344
TI  - Use of a solid phase red blood cell adherence method for pretransfusion platelet
      compatibility testing.
AB  - A solid phase red blood cell adherence method has been used for platelet antibody
      detection and crossmatching for refractory platelet recipients. Patient sera were
      first screened for HLA or platelet-specific antibodies, then crossmatched with
      potential apheresis platelet donors. The overall correlation of platelet
      crossmatch results with transfusion outcome was 97% in patients with no evidence
      of nonimmune platelet destruction. The solid phase red blood cell adherence
      method provided a feasible and effective alternative to HLA matching as a means
      of donor selection for refractory platelet recipients. The speed and simplicity
      of this method may allow most hospital laboratories to perform platelet antibody
      screening before routine platelet transfusions.

PMID- 3389345
TI  - Platelet crossmatching. A direct approach to the selection of platelet
      transfusions for the alloimmunized thrombocytopenic patient.
AB  - Selection of platelets for alloimmunized, thrombocytopenic patients has
      traditionally been based on HLA matching. This approach is indirect and may not
      adequately recognize incompatibility between the recipient and the platelet
      donor. The authors evaluated the usefulness of directly showing donor-recipient
      compatibility by crossmatching the patient's serum with prospective platelet
      donors who were not preselected on the basis of their HLA type. Eleven
      alloimmunized patients were chosen for study, and crossmatching was done by a
      radiolabeled antiglobulin test. These patients had high levels of HLA
      alloantibody, and their unusual HLA types made the provision of HLA-matched
      platelets difficult. When the crossmatch was compatible, the mean one-hour
      corrected count increment was 18,379 +/- 4,670 (1 standard deviation), n = 22,
      and at 18-24 hours, 7,318 +/- 3,317. If the crossmatch was positive, the mean one
      hour corrected increment was 2,536 +/- 3,057, and at 18-24 hours, 227 +/- 657, n
      = 16. There were two false negative crossmatches and one false positive
      crossmatch. One hundred forty-eight crossmatches were done to find 48 potential
      donors, who, by conventional selection using HLA matching, would not have been
      considered appropriate donors. These results show that successful platelet
      transfusions for alloimmunized thrombocytopenic patients can be prospectively
      selected by platelet crossmatching without the need of doing expensive HLA typing
      of a large population of platelet donors. Although it may be difficult to find
      compatible platelets for some patients with broadly reactive HLA antibodies,
      platelet crossmatching may detect compatible donors who are ordinarily excluded
      on the basis of their HLA phenotype.

PMID- 3389347
TI  - Predicting bone marrow iron stores in anemic patients in a community hospital
      using ferritin and erythrocyte sedimentation rate.
AB  - Forty-three consecutive cases from a community hospital with concomitant bone
      marrow iron stain, serum ferritin, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were
      reviewed. Cases were classified as iron present or absent by the bone marrow iron
      stain. A two-dimensional linear graphic relationship between ferritin and ESR
      correctly identified six of nine iron-deficient patients and 32 of 34 iron
      present patients. Four cases yielded indeterminate results. One complex iron
      deficient case was incorrectly classified. This graphic method developed with
      data from tertiary care patients was correct in 88.4% of cases, incorrect in
      2.3%, and indeterminate in 9.3%. When absent iron stores were graphically
      predicted, the predictive value was 100%. When iron deficiency was graphically
      excluded, the predictive value was 97%. The authors conclude the graphic method
      is useful in a community hospital practice for the confirmation or exclusion of
      iron deficiency.

PMID- 3389348
TI  - Identification of viridans streptococci by three commercial systems.
AB  - The API 20S (Analytab Products, Plainview, NY), the GPI card (Vitek Systems, St.
      Louis, MO) and the RapSTR system (Innovative Diagnostics, Atlanta, GA) were
      compared with conventional biochemicals for the identification of viridans
      streptococci. One hundred nine clinical isolates were tested that included the
      following species: intermedius (38) sanguis II (20), bovis (variant) (14), mitis
      (14), salivarius (11), sanguis I (6), constellatus (3), mutans (2), and uberis
      (1). With initial testing, a correct species call was made with 72% of the
      isolates with the GPI card, 62% with the RapSTR, and 50% with the API 20S.
      Identifications of viridans streptococci group or those that needed additional
      biochemicals for species identification occurred with 28% of isolates with the
      API 20S, 8% with the RapSTR, and 9% with the GPI card. Incorrect identifications
      occurred with 6% of the isolates tested by the GPI card, 20% with the API 20S,
      and 30% with the RapSTR. Most discrepancies with the RapSTR were with 66% of the
      intermedius isolates, whereas most, 55%, of misidentifications with the API 20S
      were with sanguis II isolates. No identifications were made with 2% and 13% of
      isolates with the API 20S and GPI, respectively.

PMID- 3389349
TI  - Rapidly progressive osteoarthrosis of ochronotic origin. A pathologic study.
AB  - A case of hip osteoarthrosis associated with ochronosis in a 65-year-old woman is
      reported. Characteristic features of both conditions were observed
      macroscopically and on light and electron microscopic examination. In the
      cartilage the pigment deposits were located on and between thick collagen
      fibrils. In the synovial membrane there were embedded packets of cartilage shards
      of which the collagen fibrils and pigment were phagocytosed, as well as calcified
      bone debris whose disaggregation might have explained the presence of some
      apatite deposits free of any underlying collagen structure. As also previously
      observed, the present case of ochronotic hip osteoarthrosis is remarkable for the
      minor osteophyte formation and for the inclusion of pigmented cartilage shards in
      the osteomedullar remodeled territory. It also demonstrates a collapse of the
      femoral head cortex presumably related to the rapid clinical and radiologic
      evolution. By the well-known origin of its chondropathy and by the pigment
      labeling of the cartilage, ochronotic arthropathy provides an almost experimental
      model for analyzing a broader problem, i.e., that of the various components of an
      osteoarthrotic remodeling.

PMID- 3389346
TI  - Occult carcinomas of the thyroid. Evaluation of 1,020 sequential autopsies.
AB  - In a sequence of 1,020 autopsies, all thyroid glands were thoroughly examined
      during a two-year period. Fifty-seven percent of the thyroid glands had no gross
      or histologic changes; approximately 22% were more or less goitrous. In 63 of
      1,020 (6.2%) thyroid glands, a clinically latent carcinoma was detected. The
      greatest diameter of tumors measured microscopically ranged between 0.5 and 10.5
      mm. Sixty-nine percent of the carcinomas were found by excision of a local change
      of tissue visible through close examination by the naked eye. All but one
      carcinoma were of papillary type, the one exception being a C-cell carcinoma.
      Multicentricity was found in 46% and regional lymph node metastases in 14%. There
      was no significant predilection of sex or age. It was concluded that these tumors
      have no propensity to increase to a clinically apparent thyroid disease.

PMID- 3389350
TI  - Noninvasive assessment of skin iron content in hemodialysis patients. An index of
      parenchymal tissue iron content?
AB  - Iron overload has been described in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis. The
      present study was undertaken to evaluate a rapid, noninvasive method for
      determination of skin iron by the technique of diagnostic x-ray spectrometry
      (DXS). Thirty-five patients receiving chronic hemodialysis treatment entered the
      study and were compared with 25 normal controls. Since pathological skin iron
      deposition occurs mainly at the dermal-epidermal junction in the basal cells of
      the epidermis, measurements were made in the thenar eminence representing mainly
      epidermal tissue (FeE), and in the forearm representative mainly of dermis (FeD).
      The mean +/- SD FeE iron concentrations were equivalent to 14.5 +/- 8.8 and 18.2
      +/- 10.2 parts per million wet weight tissue (ppm) and both were significantly
      higher than in normal controls in which they averaged 9.2 +/- 2.5 ppm (P less
      than 0.005) and 10.2 +/- 3.2 ppm (P less than 0.001), respectively. There was
      significant positive correlation between individual skin iron determinations with
      the total number of blood transfusions received, the rate of blood transfusion,
      and with serum ferritin levels. Bone marrow hemosiderin was examined in six
      patients and showed a similar trend. Despite correlation only with indirect
      indices of tissue iron, our findings suggest that DXS may serve as a reliable
      quick method for noninvasive estimation of nonreticuloendothelial tissue iron
      deposition in hemodialysis patients suspected of having transfusional iron
      overload. The method may be valuable in monitoring the effects of chelation
      therapy.

PMID- 3389351
TI  - Phosphatidylcholine synthesis by peritoneal mesothelium: its implications for
      peritoneal dialysis.
AB  - This study investigated the possibility that the peritoneum is capable of
      synthesizing phosphatidylcholine (PC), a lubricant surfactant, in an amount
      similar to that produced by pulmonary alveoli. The synthesis of PC by rat lung
      (positive control), liver (negative control), and transparent mesentery (test
      tissue) was determined by in vitro incubation of these tissues in the presence of
      (methyl-14C) choline chloride for three hours at 37 degrees C in Warburg flasks.
      All lipid material present in tissue and incubation media was extracted by the
      Folch technique. Carrier egg PC was added to each sample and total PC was
      isolated using high performance thin-layer chromatography. The PC fractions were
      counted for total radioactivity. No statistically significant difference was
      observed between the mean radioactive value for mesenteric tissue compared with
      lung tissue. The mean radioactive value for liver when compared with mesenteric
      and lung tissue was significantly lower (P less than 0.001). Thus, under the
      conditions of the experiment, we have demonstrated for the first time that
      peritoneal tissue is capable of synthesizing PC in amounts similar to that
      produced by the lung. Electron microscopy of transparent mesentery (test tissue)
      showed that mesothelium constituted the bulk of the cell population. Therefore,
      it is most likely that the PC that has been detected in peritoneal fluid is
      produced by the mesothelial cell. These findings are of significant relevance to
      developing concepts on the role of surfactant phospholipids in the physiology of
      peritoneal dialysis.

PMID- 3389352
TI  - Postprandial blood pressure changes during hemodialysis.
AB  - The effect of eating on BP during hemodialysis was examined in nine nondiabetic
      end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. A standard meal was given during 62 of
      125 dialysis treatments in a prospectively controlled study. Diastolic (P = 0.01)
      and mean (P = 0.03) BPs fell significantly faster in the 45-minute postprandial
      period in the fed treatments compared with equivalent times in the fasting
      treatments. In this period, symptomatic hypotension occurred 13 times in five
      patients fed during dialysis compared with two episodes in one patient while
      fasting (P less than 0.05). Consumption of meals during hemodialysis should be
      avoided in patients at risk for hypotension during treatment.

PMID- 3389353
TI  - Reduction in liver iron in hemodialysis patients with transfusional iron overload
      by deferoxamine mesylate.
AB  - Four hemodialysis patients with transfusional iron overload were treated with
      three times weekly intravenous (IV) deferoxamine mesylate during the dialysis
      treatment. Using a gamma ray scattering technique, significant reductions in
      liver iron content were documented, with a mean follow-up of 20 months. Three of
      the four patients showed significant improvements in liver enzymes. This decrease
      in liver iron content could not be predicted by clinical parameters or serum
      ferritin. Therapy proved to be safe and effective, but follow-up requires
      monitoring of tissue iron by means other than standard laboratory tests.

PMID- 3389354
TI  - HLA associations in heroin-associated nephropathy.
AB  - Heroin-associated nephropathy (HAN) occurs almost exclusively in black heroin
      abusers, suggesting a genetic link to the disease. To further study this
      possibility, the frequencies of HLA-A, B, C, and DR antigens were determined in a
      group of 47 black patients with HAN. Included in the analyses is a subgroup of 16
      patients with biopsy-proven focal glomerulosclerosis. Patient frequencies were
      compared with three separate control populations, the first a normal black
      population from New York City, the second from a national registry, and the third
      a group of blacks with idiopathic focal glomerulosclerosis. Only the frequency of
      HLA-BW53 was consistently increased significantly in the patients as compared
      with the control groups. This finding supports the notion that a genetic
      predisposition may exist in the addicted population for the development of renal
      disease.

PMID- 3389355
TI  - Prolonged intraperitoneal dwell decreases ultrafiltration coefficient in rabbits.
AB  - In rabbits undergoing peritoneal dialysis, hypertonic (6% dextrose) dialysis
      solution increased the net ultrafiltration rate (UF) from 233 to 462
      microL/kg/min, which was not proportional to the increment in the osmotic
      gradient, so the ultrafiltration coefficient decreased. As intraperitoneal dwell
      of hypertonic dialysate was prolonged, the gross and net UFs and ultrafiltration
      coefficients decreased, and the UF per dextrose absorption declined. The
      decrement in UF was multifactorial, including a component of fluid and solute
      stagnation, increasing the distance over which osmotic forces must exert their
      effects. Excessively hypertonic dialysis fluid should be used only briefly to
      achieve ultrafiltration efficiently and to avoid the high dextrose loading.

PMID- 3389356
TI  - Massive renal and retroperitoneal hemorrhage in a case of acquired renal cystic
      disease with atypical epithelial cell proliferation.
AB  - We present a case of acquired renal cystic disease in a patient with end-stage
      renal disease (ESRD) secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus who was dialysis
      dependent for 5 years. Renal hemorrhage and neoplastic transformation of the cyst
      epithelium are the two major complications of acquired renal cystic disease, and
      were present in this patient. The full clinical significance of the acquired
      renal cystic lesion is still unclear, although the possibility of renal tumors
      and massive renal and retroperitoneal hemorrhage should be considered in the long
      term dialysis population.

PMID- 3389357
TI  - Rupture of ovarian cyst: massive hemoperitoneum in continuous ambulatory
      peritoneal dialysis patients: diagnosis and treatment.
AB  - Two women on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) developed recurrent
      episodes of hemoperitoneum while in the reproductive age group. Initially, both
      were thought to have mechanical problems with the peritoneal catheter system. A
      laparotomy was performed in the first patient, and a bleeding ovarian cyst was
      identified. The second patient had ovarian cysts documented by ultrasound. Thus,
      abdominal pain and bloody dialysate should not just be ascribed to catheter
      related problems. The second patient's midcycle bleeding was suppressed with
      birth control pills.

PMID- 3389358
TI  - Sulfadiazine-associated obstructive nephropathy occurring in a patient with the
      acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
AB  - A 45-year-old man with the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and CNS
      toxoplasmosis presented with acute renal failure, hematuria, and renal colic
      shortly after starting treatment with sulfadiazine. Ultrasound examination of his
      kidneys was suggestive of intraparenchymal crystallization of sulfadiazine. His
      renal failure and ultrasound findings rapidly resolved with alkaline hydration.
      On rechallenge with sulfadiazine, he again developed renal insufficiency and
      ultrasonic findings consistent with stones. The use of sulfadiazine in the
      treatment of CNS toxoplasmosis in AIDS patients should be monitored carefully
      with the recognition that this form of crystalline-induced acute renal failure
      can occur in a dehydrated patient.

PMID- 3389359
TI  - Exposure to electromagnetic fields and brain malignancy: a newly discovered
      menace?

PMID- 3389360
TI  - Occupational exposures and brain cancer mortality: a preliminary study of east
      Texas residents.
AB  - The relationship between various occupational exposures and brain cancer was
      investigated in a case-control study using mortality data from 202 males who died
      in East Texas from gliomas in 1969-1978 and 238 male controls randomly selected
      from all deaths in East Texas in 1969-1978. Using the occupational classification
      scheme of the U.S. Bureau of the Census, the risk for brain cancer was
      significantly increased for male workers employed in the transportation,
      communication, and utilities industries [odds ratio (OR) = 2.26, confidence
      intervals (CI) = 1.18-4.32]. Further examination of this finding showed that male
      workers employed in occupations associated with electricity or electromagnetic
      (EM) fields had an elevated risk for brain cancer (OR = 3.94, CI = 1.52-10.20).
      In addition, there was a linear relationship between the probability of exposure
      to EM fields and brain cancer. Significantly elevated risk for brain cancer was
      also found among male workers in the trucking industry.

PMID- 3389361
TI  - Risk of ischemic heart disease among primary aluminum production workers.
AB  - The risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD) has been studied in relation to working
      conditions encountered in a primary aluminum smelter employing over 6,000 men.
      During the period 1975-1983, 306 new cases of IHD were identified which were
      matched with 575 referents. A logistic regression analysis was performed to
      adjust for differences in smoking habits, high blood pressure, hyperglycemia,
      hypercholesterolemia, and obesity. Results from this showed that white collar
      workers had a significantly lower risk of IHD (odds ratio 0.47, 95% confidence
      interval 0.31-0.70). Among blue collar workers, a significantly higher risk was
      observed for workers in the reduction division of the plant (OR 1.72, CI 1.09
      2.97) including, in particular, Soderberg (OR 1.71, CI 1.07-2.72) and prebake (OR
      2.26, CI. 1.27-4.02) potroom workers. The risk of IHD did not increase with the
      length of time worked in these occupations. The search for associations (among
      blue collar workers) of risk with nine specific contaminants (benzene soluble
      material, fluoride, total dust, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, thermal stress,
      noise, physical load, and mental load) proved inconclusive, with no association
      reaching statistical significance.

PMID- 3389362
TI  - A retrospective cohort mortality study of workers exposed to formaldehyde in the
      garment industry.
AB  - In order to assess the possible human carcinogenicity of formaldehyde we
      conducted a retrospective cohort mortality study of workers exposed for at least
      three months to formaldehyde in three garment facilities which produced permanent
      press garments. A total of 11,030 workers contributing 188,025 person-years were
      included in the study. Vital status was successfully ascertained through 1982 for
      over 96% of the cohort. The average (TWA) formaldehyde exposure at the three
      plants monitored in 1981 and 1984 by NIOSH was 0.15 ppm but past exposures may
      have been substantially higher. In general, mortality from nonmalignant causes
      was less than expected. A statistically significant excess in mortality from
      cancers of the buccal cavity (SMR = 343) and connective tissue (SMR = 364) was
      observed. Statistically nonsignificant excesses in mortality were observed for
      cancers of the trachea, bronchus and lung (SMR = 114), pharynx (SMR = 112),
      bladder (SMR = 145), leukemia and aleukemia (SMR = 113), and other lymphopoietic
      neoplasms (SMR = 170). Mortality from cancers of the trachea, bronchus and lung
      was inversely related to duration of exposure and latency. In contrast, mortality
      from cancers of the buccal cavity, leukemias, and other lymphopoietic neoplasms
      increased with duration of formaldehyde exposure and/or latency. These neoplasms
      also were found to be highest among workers first exposed during a time period of
      high potential formaldehyde exposures in this industry (1955-1962). However, it
      should be recognized that these findings are based on relatively small numbers
      and that confounding by other factors may still exist. The results from this
      investigation, although far from conclusive, do provide evidence of a possible
      relationship between formaldehyde exposure and the development of upper
      respiratory cancers (buccal), leukemias, and other lymphopoietic neoplasms in
      humans.

PMID- 3389363
TI  - Mortality of aircraft manufacturing workers in southern California.
AB  - A retrospective cohort mortality study was conducted among men and women employed
      for four or more years, between 1958 and 1982, at an aircraft manufacturing
      company in San Diego County. Specific causes of death under investigation
      included cancer of the brain and nervous system, malignant melanoma, and cancer
      of the testicle, which previous reports have suggested to be associated with work
      in aircraft manufacturing. Follow-up of the cohort of 14,067 subjects for a mean
      duration of 15.8 yr from the date of first employment resulted in successful
      tracing of 95% of the cohort and found 1,804 deaths through 1982. Standardized
      mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated based on U. S. national mortality rates
      and separately based on San Diego County mortality rates. Mortality due to all
      causes was significantly low (SMR = 75), as was mortality due to all cancer (SMR
      = 84). There was no significant excess of cancer of the brain, malignant
      melanoma, cancer of the testicle, any other cancer site, or any other category of
      death. Additional analyses of cancer sites for which at least ten deaths were
      found and for which the SMR was at least 110 showed no increase in risk with
      increasing duration of work or in any specific calendar period. Although this
      study found no significant excesses in cause-specific mortality, excess risks
      cannot be ruled out for those diseases that have latency periods in excess of 20
      to 30 yr, or for exposures that might be restricted to a small proportion of the
      cohort.

PMID- 3389365
TI  - Usage of personal protective devices among Egyptian industrial workers.
AB  - A systematic random sample of 405 workers from metal, asbestos cement pipes,
      textile, and viscose rayon industries were interviewed using a prepared and
      tested questionnaire. Personal Protective Devices (PPDs), namely goggles, gloves,
      respirators, and ear defenders, had been distributed to all workers on the
      payroll and were used by 31.4%. Usage of PPDs was associated with the educational
      level, duration of occupation, awareness of the work hazards, and knowledge about
      the purpose of PPDs. Marked association was found between nonusage of PPDs and
      discomfort, interference with job performance, and the psychological feeling of
      lowering the person's prestige by the wearing of PPDs. Nonusage was also
      associated with lack of maintenance of the device and absence of supervision of
      its usage. Users were more numerous among married workers and workers with urban
      residence than among unmarried workers and those with rural residence,
      respectively. No association could be found between the rate of usage and the
      worker's age except for ear plugs, for which nonusage was proportional to the
      worker's age. The most important factors were those related to the role of the
      safety staff and the discomfort of the devices. Recommendations for occupational
      health authorities on the basis of the above evaluation are suggested.

PMID- 3389364
TI  - The risk of miscarriage and birth defects among women who use visual display
      terminals during pregnancy.
AB  - Use of visual display terminals (VDTs) was examined in a case-control study of
      pregnancy outcome among 1,583 pregnant women who attended three Kaiser Permanente
      obstetrics and gynecology clinics in Northern California, 1981-1982. We found a
      significantly elevated risk of miscarriage for working women who reported using
      VDTs for more than 20 hr per week during the first trimester of pregnancy
      compared to other working women who reported not using VDTs (odds ratio 1.8, 95%
      CI: 1.2-2.8). This risk could not be explained by age, education, occupation,
      smoking, alcohol consumption, or other maternal characteristics. No significantly
      elevated risk for birth defects was found among working women although odds
      ratios were 1.4 for both moderate and high VDT exposure, compared with no
      exposure (95% CI: 0.7-2.7 and 0.7-2.9, respectively). One possible explanation
      for these findings is that women who had adverse pregnancy outcomes may have
      overreported their exposures to VDTs and/or women with normal births may have
      underreported theirs. The findings may also be due to unmeasured factors
      confounded with high VDT use such as poor ergonomic conditions or job-related
      stress. That VDTs themselves are hazardous to the pregnant operator remains a
      possibility. Our results underscore the need for large cohort studies of working
      women that will provide objective measures of VDT exposures, ergonomic factors,
      and stress.

PMID- 3389366
TI  - Substance data bases and right to know laws: application to occupational
      epidemiology.
AB  - The Illinois Right to Know (RTK) law included requirements for substance lists to
      be submitted by companies to the Illinois Department of Labor (IDOL). This
      provided an opportunity to test the feasibility of identifying workplaces
      utilizing common chemicals for future epidemiologic investigations. A sample of
      IDOL files (n = 115) was obtained, and relevant data elements were coded. A
      second sample of substance names within these files (n = 1,015) was selected, and
      searches in three standard references were conducted to identify chemical
      descriptions. Equal proportions of employers and manufacturer/suppliers were in
      general compliance with RTK law reporting requirements (58%). Forty-five percent
      of substances sampled from employers (chemical users) and 71% of substances
      sampled from manufacturer/suppliers (chemical producers and distributors) could
      be identified. The ability to identify substances reported using chemical names
      was approximately equal across companies (90%), while the ability to identify
      substances with nonchemical names was greater in manufacturer (59%) than in
      employer (32%) files. This study suggests that the ability to identify potential
      occupationally exposed groups using this resource may be greater among
      manufacturers than among employers. Recognition of substances used in the
      workplace could be improved if companies were required to report chemical names.

PMID- 3389367
TI  - A global need: farm worker safety.

PMID- 3389368
TI  - Asbestos disease in sheet metal workers: proportional mortality update.
AB  - This paper, updating the findings of an earlier study, provides additional
      evidence that sheet metal workers in the construction trades are at increased
      risk for asbestos-related disease. A proportional analysis of cause of death
      among 331 New York sheet metal workers found a significantly elevated PMR for
      lung cancer (PMR = 186). In addition, there were six deaths attributable to
      mesothelioma (three classified as lung cancer deaths) and three death
      certificates mentioned asbestosis or pulmonary fibrosis, although none of these
      three deaths were attributed to these diseases.

PMID- 3389369
TI  - Methods old and new for analysing occupational cohort data.

PMID- 3389370
TI  - Massive mitral regurgitation caused by tearing of the anterior leaflet during
      percutaneous mitral balloon valvuloplasty.

PMID- 3389371
TI  - Cryptococcal aortitis.

PMID- 3389372
TI  - Peripheral blood smear bacillemia.

PMID- 3389373
TI  - Systemic sclerosis secondary to occupational exposure.

PMID- 3389374
TI  - Fatal cardiac calcifications secondary to primary hyperparathyroidism.

PMID- 3389375
TI  - Fever of unknown origin: unusual presentation of dissecting aortic aneurysm.

PMID- 3389376
TI  - Poisoning with sustained-release verapamil.

PMID- 3389378
TI  - Renal cell carcinoma in patients undergoing hemodialysis.

PMID- 3389377
TI  - Glucantime-resistant visceral leishmaniasis in immunocompromised patients.

PMID- 3389379
TI  - Early evolution of symptoms and long-term prognosis in variant angina: importance
      of the functional component of coronary arterial disease.
AB  - PURPOSE: Most investigations describing the long-term outcome of large groups of
      patients with variant angina pectoris have focused on such endpoints as
      myocardial infarction, coronary artery surgery, and death, and have asked how the
      risk of these events is related to the severity of existing organic coronary
      disease. It is also possible to ask what is the relative importance of organic
      and functional components in causation of symptoms and outcomes, as was done in
      this study. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The early and long-term clinical course was
      observed in a group of 80 patients with variant angina and a low prevalence of
      severe organic coronary disease (diameter stenosis greater than 70 percent of one
      vessel in 28.3 percent, of two or more vessels in 2.7 percent). Patients were
      seen at the UCLA Medical Center between July 1963 and June 1985. RESULTS: The
      following observations were made: Compared with those experiencing a first
      episode of angina at rest, subjects whose first episode of vasospastic angina
      occurred during strenuous effort were more likely subsequently to have a positive
      exercise test result and a more stable but long-term anginal course. A good
      initial response to vasodilator therapy indicated a likelihood of being alive and
      symptom-free without an intervening myocardial infarction by five years after
      diagnosis, which was twice the rate as if initial response to such treatment was
      poor. The presence or absence of severe coronary artery obstruction as detected
      by angiography could not be predicted from the nature or severity of angina, the
      historical presence of effort angina, or the occurrence of a positive result on
      an exercise test. The existence of severe coronary stenosis in at least one
      vessel was not associated with an increased incidence of myocardial infarction,
      cardiac arrest, or death in the first nine years after diagnosis. CONCLUSION:
      These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that manifestations of ischemic
      heart disease in these patients were more directly caused by coronary vasospasm
      than by the degree of organic coronary obstruction seen by coronary
      arteriography. In addition, the presence of severe organic stenosis in one
      coronary artery did not appear to be associated with measurably increased adverse
      effects on clinical course or survival over the first nine years after diagnosis.

PMID- 3389380
TI  - Prediction of severity of aortic stenosis: accuracy of multiple noninvasive
      parameters.
AB  - PURPOSE: As newer non-medical techniques are developed to treat older patients
      with severe aortic stenosis, reliable noninvasive diagnosis of the condition will
      become increasingly important. For this reason, the accuracy of multiple
      noninvasive indexes for quantitation of the severity of aortic stenosis was
      evaluated, relative to catheterization-determined aortic valve area. PATIENTS AND
      METHODS: To evaluate the accuracy of multiple noninvasive parameters in assessing
      the presence and extent of aortic valve narrowing, noninvasive and
      catheterization correlations of the severity of aortic stenosis were obtained on
      121 occasions in 81 patients (mean age, 76 +/- 11 years). Forty patients had
      studies performed before and after valvuloplasty. Noninvasive studies included
      the time to one-half carotid upstroke and carotid ejection time, corrected for
      heart rate, measured from a carotid pulse tracing; M-mode echocardiographic
      aortic valve excursion; mean pressure gradient across the aortic valve assessed
      by Doppler technique; the ratio of the peak to mean pressure gradient by Doppler;
      and Doppler aortic valve area assessed using the following continuity equation:
      aortic valve area = A X V/V1, where A = left ventricular outflow tract area, V =
      peak left ventricular outflow tract velocity, and V1 = peak velocity in the
      aortic stenotic jet. Mean aortic valve gradients and area (calculated using the
      Gorlin formula) were also assessed at cardiac catheterization. RESULTS: The
      correlations between the catheterization measurement of aortic valve area and the
      various noninvasive measurements were as follows: time to one-half carotid
      upstroke (r = -0.32, p less than 0.001); corrected left ventricular ejection time
      (r = -0.24, p less than 0.05); aortic valve excursion (r = 0.51, p less than
      0.001); mean gradient by Doppler study (r = -0.44, p less than 0.001); mean
      gradient by catheterization analysis (r = -0.55, p less than 0.001); peak to mean
      gradient ratio measured by continuous wave Doppler (r = 0.38, p less than 0.001);
      and aortic valve area assessed using the Doppler continuity equation (r = 0.85, p
      less than 0.001). CONCLUSION: Noninvasive determination of aortic valve area
      using the continuity equation is an accurate means of assessing the severity of
      aortic stenosis. Although multiple other noninvasive parameters also correlate
      with aortic valve area measured at catheterization, there is too much scatter of
      data points to permit accurate prediction of catheterization aortic valve area in
      any given patient.

PMID- 3389381
TI  - Aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity in obstructive jaundice.
AB  - PURPOSE: Although it is known that liver disease predisposes to aminoglycoside
      nephrotoxicity, specific features of such disease that may predispose to
      aminoglycoside-induced renal injury have not been identified. We sought to
      identify such features. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We undertook a retrospective review
      of the charts of 42 consecutive patients with biliary obstruction and/or
      cholangitis who had received more than three doses of an aminoglycoside. RESULTS:
      Comparison of patients in whom aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity did and did not
      develop revealed no differences in age, race, sex, dose, and duration of
      aminoglycoside therapy; mean peak and trough aminoglycoside levels; initial pre
      treatment levels of serum creatinine, aspartate transaminase, alkaline
      phosphatase, or albumin; or prothrombin time. The initial pre-treatment serum
      bilirubin level was higher in the patients in whom aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity
      developed (12.2 +/- 8.8 mg/dl versus 3.4 +/- 3.2 mg/dl, p less than 0.01).
      Aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity occurred in eight patients (19 percent): in seven
      of 15 patients (47 percent) with an initial bilirubin value greater than 5.0
      mg/dl, but in only one of 27 patients (4 percent) with an initial bilirubin value
      below 5.0 mg/dl (p less than 0.01). The pre-treatment bilirubin level correlated
      with the change in creatinine during aminoglycoside therapy (n = 42, r = 0.66, p
      less than 0.01). CONCLUSION: Aminoglycosides should probably be avoided in
      patients with biliary obstruction and a high serum bilirubin level.

PMID- 3389382
TI  - Bone mineralization in women following successful treatment of Hodgkin's disease.
AB  - PURPOSE: Women with Hodgkin's disease in whom a cure has been achieved may be at
      risk for osteoporosis because of therapy-induced premature menopause. Our
      objective was to gather information regarding the integrity of bone mass in such
      long-term cancer survivors. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Bone mineral density was
      measured using photon absorptiometry in five groups of women: 11 patients with
      Hodgkin's disease and ovarian failure (Group I); six patients with Hodgkin's
      disease and ovarian failure who received estrogen replacement (Group II); 15
      patients with Hodgkin's disease and normal ovarian function (Group III); 16
      premenopausal control subjects (Group IV); and 11 postmenopausal control subjects
      (Group V). All patients with Hodgkin's disease were in remission and had
      completed treatment more than five years earlier. RESULTS: Subjects in Group I
      were found to have significantly decreased radial (p = 0.0009), lumbar spine (p =
      0.002), and femoral neck (p = 0.0001) bone mineral density measurements compared
      with those in subjects in Group IV; the bone mineral density measurements at all
      sites of subjects in Group I were no different than those of subjects in Group V.
      Subjects in Group III had bone density measurements that were similar to those in
      Group IV, although the radial bone mineral density value was significantly lower
      (p = 0.0004). Determination of serum gonadotropins and estradiol was consistent
      with the menstrual status defining the five groups. No secondary causes for
      decreased bone mineral density values could be detected, since the mean serum
      levels of parathyroid hormone, calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D metabolites
      were similar among the groups, and all prolactin levels were normal. CONCLUSION:
      We have identified a new population of patients with a high risk of osteoporosis,
      and these results emphasize the importance of treatment-related ovarian failure
      in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis.

PMID- 3389383
TI  - Hepatic amyloidosis (primary [AL], immunoglobulin light chain): the natural
      history in 80 patients.
AB  - PURPOSE: We wished to study patients with a premortem diagnosis of primary
      hepatic amyloidosis to determine what clinical and laboratory features might
      assist in recognizing the disease and assessing prognosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS:
      A group of 80 patients with liver biopsy proven primary hepatic amyloidosis was
      followed from diagnosis to death. RESULTS: At presentation, 77 percent of the
      group had an associated nephrotic syndrome, congestive heart failure, peripheral
      neuropathy, or orthostatic hypotension. Certain clues suggested the diagnosis of
      hepatic amyloidosis in patients with liver disease, including the following: (1)
      proteinuria (88 percent); (2) abnormal serum protein electrophoresis (monoclonal
      protein or hypogammaglobulinemia, 64 percent); (3) hyposplenism on the peripheral
      blood smear (62 percent), defined by the presence of Howell-Jolly bodies; and (4)
      hepatomegaly disproportional to the liver enzyme abnormalities. Liver function
      tests were not sensitive or specific. Hepatomegaly from amyloid was frequently
      seen, with normal levels of alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, and
      bilirubin (32 percent). Myeloma was diagnosed in 11 patients but had no effect on
      the clinical course. In vitro coagulation abnormalities were common, bleeding was
      infrequent, and liver biopsy carried a slightly increased risk. The median
      survival of the entire group was nine months, and projected five- and 10-year
      survival rates were 13 and 1 percent, respectively. CONCLUSION: Because survival
      is poor and no clinical features permit prospective recognition of those patients
      in whom the disease is likely to have an indolent course, a trial of therapy is
      warranted in all patients.

PMID- 3389384
TI  - Point of view: the patient.

PMID- 3389385
TI  - Of football players and physicians.

PMID- 3389386
TI  - Spectrum of diseases for resident education in internal medicine.
AB  - We examined the spectrum of diseases to which medical residents were exposed in a
      fully integrated residency program comprised of a voluntary and a municipal acute
      care hospital. Although circulatory disorders and diseases of the respiratory and
      nervous systems accounted for the majority of cases, a broad spectrum of diseases
      was present for residents' training at both institutions. These observations must
      be considered within the context of the changing nature of medical practice in
      the United States, with a marked shift from inpatient to outpatient and office
      medical care.

PMID- 3389387
TI  - Echocardiographic detection of non-valve-ring myocardial abscess complicating
      aortic valve endocarditis.

PMID- 3389388
TI  - Effects of ribavirin on neutrophil function.
AB  - Ribavirin, a broad spectrum antiviral agent, has been shown to exhibit
      immunosuppressive activity. This property has raised concerns during clinical
      trials because candidates for antiviral therapy are those who may develop
      secondary bacterial infection. We therefore investigated a number of parameters
      of neutrophil function after the in vitro addition of various concentrations of
      ribavirin. At pharmacologic concentrations (1.25-7.5 micrograms/mL), percent
      killing of phagocytized bacteria was increased as measured by an acridine orange
      fluorochrome microassay, significantly higher at a concentration of 5
      micrograms/mL (p less than .02). There was no concomitant adverse effect on
      adherence, random migration, chemotaxis, opsonization or phagocytosis. The
      present data indicate that ribavirin has no acute suppressive effect on
      granulocyte function and may even enhance bacterial killing capabilities for
      treated patients.

PMID- 3389389
TI  - Tissue content of glycosaminoglycans in the diffuse idiopathic interstitial
      fibrosis patient.
AB  - Quantitative changes of glycosaminoglycans in lung tissues of patients with
      diffuse idiopathic interstitial fibrosis and patients with bronchial asthma were
      studied. The total amount of glycosaminoglycans in lung tissue of patients with
      diffuse idiopathic interstitial fibrosis increased in comparison to the lung
      tissue of those patients with bronchial asthma. The increase in tissue content of
      glycosaminoglycans was accompanied by an increase in dermatan sulfate level. The
      increases in total amount of glycosaminoglycans in relative proportion of
      dermatan sulfate were closely related to the clinical findings, including vital
      capacity of the lung, PaO2, serum lactate dehydrogenase, and to the pathologic
      pictures of the lung.

PMID- 3389390
TI  - Effects of infused norepinephrine and angiotensin-II on vasopressin levels in
      humans.
AB  - Angiotensin II (A-II) has been shown to stimulate plasma arginine vasopressin
      (AVP) secretion in experimental animals, although offsetting effects from a rise
      in arterial pressure may obscure the effect. A rise in plasma norepinephrine (NE)
      may have several effects on plasma AVP because of changes in arterial pressure
      and central adrenergic stimulation. As little data exist concerning these
      neurohumoral interrelationships in humans, the current investigation was
      performed to examine the role of acute changes in plasma NE and A-II in the
      control of arginine vasopressin (AVP). The question is of potential importance
      because of diffuse disturbances in neurohumoral control in diseases such as
      hypertension and congestive heart failure. We measured heart rate, arterial
      pressure, and plasma AVP during 2.5 and 5.0 micrograms/min infusions of NE, and
      during .05 and .10 micrograms/kg/min infusions of A-II. NE increased mean blood
      pressure from 81 +/- 11 mm Hg to 87 +/- 16 mm Hg at 2.5 micrograms/min and to 93
      +/- 16 mm Hg at 5.0 micrograms/min (p less than .001). Heart rate was unchanged
      during the 2.5 micrograms/min infusion but declined from 58 +/- 9 beats/min to 54
      +/- 9 beats/min during the 5.0 micrograms/min infusion (p = NS). Plasma AVP, 3.0
      +/- 0.9 pg/mL, did not change. During A-II infusions, mean arterial pressure
      increased from 81 +/- 13 mm Hg to 92 +/- 17 mm Hg and 112 +/- 21 mm Hg at the two
      rates (p less than .001); heart rate declined from 61 +/- 6.8 beats/min to 59 +/-
      9.1 beats/min and 56 +/- 11.3 beats/min (p = NS).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3389391
TI  - One-step iodine starch method for direct visualization of sweating.
AB  - Despite recent progress in eccrine sweat gland physiology, simple, safe and
      reliable methods of visualizing local and generalized sweating are not available
      for clinicians and physiologists. We developed a simple one-step method for
      visualizing sweating that requires only soluble starch previously treated with
      iodine. When the powder is sprayed on the skin, sweat droplets are visualized as
      discrete dark purple dots. Since visualized dots are easily wiped off without
      staining the skin, sweating patterns can be obtained consecutively on the same
      skin site. The method is far superior to the classical Minor's method and is
      useful for clinical diagnosis of disorders of sweating and for visualization of
      the total body sweating for physiological studies. Two simple devices for
      spraying powder also have been presented.

PMID- 3389392
TI  - Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia with growing pulmonary arteriovenous
      fistulas followed for 24 years.
AB  - A 47-year-old man was admitted for follow-up of an abnormal chest x-ray. He had a
      history of epistaxis and a brain abscess and a family history of pulmonary
      arteriovenous fistulas. Physical examination showed clubbed fingers and
      telangiectasia of the tongue. Laboratory data revealed evidence of polycythemia
      and hypoxia. Contrast echocardiography and pulmonary perfusion scintigraphy were
      suggestive of a right-to-left shunt. From the oxygen tension and content of blood
      taken at cardiac catheterization, the shunt ratio was calculated to be 57.8%.
      Multiple bilateral pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas were confirmed by
      angiography, and the patient was diagnosed as having hereditary hemorrhagic
      telangiectasia. A review of x-ray films taken over a 24-year period demonstrated
      that the fistulas in both lungs had been increasing gradually in size at
      different rates. A right lower lobectomy relieved the hypoxia, but the patient
      died unexpectedly on the twelfth postoperative day. There was no evidence of
      fistula rupture on chest film, but no autopsy was performed.

PMID- 3389393
TI  - Sandblaster's lung with mycobacterial infection.
AB  - This report describes the development of alveolar silico-lipoproteinosis
      complicated by Mycobacterium kansasii infection in a previously healthy man who
      worked as a sandblaster. Alveolar silico-lipoproteinosis is a rare disease that
      usually is fatal within 1 year of onset of symptoms. There is a high incidence of
      mycobacterial infection, half being caused by atypical organisms.

PMID- 3389394
TI  - Myocardial infarction associated with the use of cocaine.

PMID- 3389395
TI  - Inbreeding and genetic disease in Sottunga, Finland.
AB  - The contribution of inbreeding to the prevalence of recessive genetic diseases in
      the Aland Island parish of Sottunga is investigated. Genealogical data for 3,030
      individuals spanning up to 15 generations were used to estimate inbreeding. This
      small island community shows a low average inbreeding value of .0031 for the
      period 1725-1975. A cohort analysis shows that inbreeding increased from 1750 to
      1900, when maximum inbreeding for those born in Sottunga reached .0057. A sharp
      decline in inbreeding occurred thereafter. Individuals with island-born parents
      made the largest contributions to inbreeding in all time periods compared to
      those with one or two migrant parents. These trends are consistent with changing
      migration patterns and isolate breakdown in Aland since 1900. An analysis of
      pedigree development demonstrates that remote consanguinity contributed more to
      inbreeding through time than close consanguinity. Both the number of common
      ancestors and the number of paths of relationship between spouses increased
      dramatically through time, the latter at a much faster rate. The contribution to
      average inbreeding per path, however, diminished rapidly through time. This
      analysis indicates that inbreeding does not account for the high incidence of
      autosomal recessive disorders, such as tapetoretinal disease, found in the
      parish.

PMID- 3389396
TI  - General body growth in children with cleft palate and related disorders: age
      differences.
AB  - Clefts of the lip and palate, separately or in combination, are among the most
      frequent congenital defects seen today. Their etiology is heterogeneous and may
      include hormonal factors, which suggest the possibility of growth effects.
      Whether affected children are smaller than others has not been determined. We
      recently showed that growth status is associated with type of cleft. We
      hypothesized genetic alterations in metabolic pathways that alter prenatal
      growth, producing clefts; some of these alterations also alter postnatal growth.
      Since the levels of growth-regulating hormones change during ontogeny, we
      expected age differences in the degree of growth deficit seen. To test this
      hypothesis, we examine here the cross-sectional means and distributions of
      standard deviation (z) scores for height and body mass indices (BMIs) for 144
      children with the diagnoses unilateral cleft lip and palate (uCLP) and isolated
      cleft palate (iCP). We find that alteration in growth status is associated with
      age group as well as sex and diagnosis.

PMID- 3389397
TI  - Neonatal nutrition and longitudinal growth from birth to adolescence in baboons.
AB  - Clinically normal baboons (Papio cynocephalus anubis [Kingfjdon, 1971]) were used
      in an experiment which (1) examined growth in 48 subjects randomly assigned to
      three diet treatments (LC = low calorie; MC = medium calorie; HC = high calorie);
      (2) tested the hypothesis that different amounts of caloric availability during
      the neonatal period (birth to 16 weeks) had a significant effect on growth and
      development as measured by weight, crown-rump length, and triceps circumference
      in the subsequent infant, juvenile, and adolescent periods; (3) evaluated the
      rate of growth in these subjects; and (4) evaluated the extent to which they were
      capable of canalization (catch-up and catch-down growth). The LC subjects were
      fed 40% fewer calories than MC subjects and HC subjects were fed 40% more
      calories than MC subjects. Early in life baboon growth was influenced by caloric
      shortages and excesses. Canalization of growth attainment occurred in both the LC
      and HC infants after preweaning dietary treatments had ceased. This suggested
      that removal of environmental (caloric) insults allowed growth to be regulated by
      its genetic component (developmental canalization) and to return to a more normal
      growth pattern. Catch-up growth of LC infants occurred by 26 weeks. Catch-down
      growth of HC infants to normal levels occurred by 26 weeks. This indicates that
      growth canalization can work in both directions (reduction from caloric excess
      and increase from caloric insufficiency) within the same time frame. Following
      infancy, there were few significant treatment differences in growth of males,
      whereas females retain the effects of neonatal dietary treatments throughout the
      5-year study.

PMID- 3389398
TI  - Attachment and maintenance of adult rabbit cardiac myocytes in primary cell
      culture.
AB  - The present observations demonstrate that quiescent calcium-tolerant adult rabbit
      cardiac myocytes can be isolated by collagenase-hyaluronidase perfusion and
      maintained in primary culture for at least 2 wk. Culturing large numbers of
      myocytes requires that the freshly isolated cells be attached to a suitable
      substratum such as laminin, type IV collagen, or fetal bovine serum. The cultured
      myocytes retain their rod-like morphology for approximately 7 days before
      gradually spreading into a flattened conformation by 14 days. During the 1st wk
      of culture, contaminating interstitial cells rapidly proliferate, making cultures
      unsuitable for long-term study. Pure myocyte populations can be established and
      maintained if freshly isolated cells are cultured in the presence of cytosine
      arabinoside (Ara-C, 10 microM). This antimetabolite does not appear to adversely
      affect high-energy phosphates, since ATP and creatine phosphate (CrP) content of
      the myocytes is maintained at levels normally found in biopsy samples of rabbit
      myocardium. These results illustrate that an energetically stable population of
      adult cardiac myocytes can be maintained in primary culture in sufficient numbers
      to make them useful for future investigations of myocyte function.

PMID- 3389399
TI  - Mechanisms of t-butyl hydroperoxide-induced toxicity to rabbit renal proximal
      tubules.
AB  - This study examined the mechanisms of t-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP)-induced
      oxidative injury to a suspension of rabbit renal proximal tubules. TBHP (0.25-1
      mM) produced a specific sequence of intracellular events in the tubules.
      Initially, TBHP increased tubular glutathione disulfide content and lipid
      peroxidation. Subsequently, there was an increase in ouabain-sensitive oxygen
      consumption (indicative of an increase in intracellular sodium concentrations),
      mitochondrial dysfunction, and a decrease in glutathione content. Finally, cell
      death, as measured by a decrease in tubular retention of lactate dehydrogenase
      activity, began between 30 and 60 min. The toxicity was dependent on iron
      mediated free radical formation, since the iron chelator, deferoxamine, and the
      antioxidants, promethazine, butylated hydroxytoluene, and dithiotreitol,
      prevented the lipid peroxidation, the mitochondrial dysfunction, and cell death.
      Further studies with the antioxidants provided evidence that lipid peroxidation
      plays an important role in TBHP toxicity in proximal tubules.

PMID- 3389400
TI  - Regulation of glycerinated smooth muscle contraction and relaxation by myosin
      phosphorylation.
AB  - Regulation of isometric force maintenance, isotonic shortening velocity, and
      muscle stiffness by myosin phosphorylation was examined during both contraction
      and relaxation of chemically permeabilized (glycerinated) rat uterine smooth
      muscle. Phosphorylation of the 20,000-Da light chain of myosin (LC20) was
      manipulated by varying the calcium activity of the bathing solution or by
      thiophosphorylation of LC20 in the presence of ATP gamma S. With saturating
      calcium and calmodulin, LC20 phosphorylation was 0.43 mol PO4/mol LC20. This
      increased to 0.92-0.96 mol PO4/mol LC20 on addition of ATP gamma S. Over the
      entire range of phosphorylation, there was a significant (P less than 0.001)
      linear correlation between force and phosphorylation. Stiffness increased
      monotonically with increasing force; however, the relationship was nonlinear,
      with stiffness increasing faster at lower levels of activation. Force, stiffness,
      shortening velocity, and LC20 phosphorylation were compared at identical calcium
      activities during steady-state conditions of partial contraction and partial
      relaxation. The ratio of the value of each parameter measured during relaxation
      to that measured during contraction was 1.11 for force, 1.09 for stiffness, 1.01
      for shortening velocity, and 0.83 for LC20 phosphorylation. These results support
      the hypothesis that contraction and relaxation in glycerinated rat uterine muscle
      are regulated primarily by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of LC20.

PMID- 3389402
TI  - Regulation of shortening velocity by cross-bridge phosphorylation in smooth
      muscle.
AB  - We have proposed a model that incorporates a dephosphorylated "latch bridge" to
      explain the mechanics and energetics of smooth muscle. Cross-bridge
      phosphorylation is proposed as a prerequisite for cross-bridge attachment and
      rapid cycling. Features of the model are 1) myosin light chain kinase and
      phosphatase can act on both free and attached cross bridges, 2) dephosphorylation
      of an attached phosphorylated cross bridge produces a noncycling "latch bridge,"
      and 3) latch bridges have a slow detachment rate. This model quantitatively
      predicts the latch state: stress maintenance with reduced phosphorylation, cross
      bridge cycling rates, and ATP consumption. In this study, we adapted A. F.
      Huxley's formulation of crossbridge cycling (A. F. Huxley, Progr. Biophys. Mol.
      Biol. 7: 255-318, 1957) to the latch-bridge model to predict the relationship
      between isotonic shortening velocity and phosphorylation. The model successfully
      predicted the linear dependence of maximum shortening velocity at zero external
      load (V0) on phosphorylation, as well as the family of stress-velocity curves
      determined at different times during a contraction when phosphorylation values
      varied. The model implies that it is unnecessary to invoke an internal load or
      multiple regulatory mechanisms to explain regulation of V0 in smooth muscle.

PMID- 3389401
TI  - Metabolic and fiber size properties of cat tibialis anterior motor units.
AB  - The variability among single muscle fiber enzymatic activities and fiber size
      within a motor unit was studied in the cat tibialis anterior (TA) muscle.
      Fourteen units were isolated for physiological testing using standard ventral
      root filament stimulation techniques, and the muscle fibers of these units were
      identified by glycogen depletion. The cross-sectional areas, succinate
      dehydrogenase (SDH) and alpha-glycerolphosphate dehydrogenase (GPD) activities,
      and the relative alkaline myofibrillar adenosine triphosphate staining densities
      of a sample of glycogen-depleted and -nondepleted muscle fibers were determined
      using quantitative histochemical techniques. Each of the unit types previously
      identified to be present in the TA, based on physiological criteria, were
      represented by the sample population. The variability among the fibers of a unit
      was significantly more than the variability among repeated measures on a single
      fiber for cross-sectional area and SDH and GPD activities. The mean coefficients
      of variation for SDH and GPD activity within motor unit fibers were 29 and 56%,
      respectively, whereas the variability between fibers of different units within a
      muscle was significantly greater (53 and 69%, respectively). Additionally, the
      mean coefficient of variation for cross-sectional area among motor unit fibers
      was less than that among fibers not depleted of glycogen (25 vs. 46%). These data
      suggest that although there is clear evidence for some level of neural control of
      the properties of a muscle unit (variation within a unit was less than the
      variation across units), this control is not complete, since the variability
      among fibers of a single unit was significantly more than the variability found
      between repeated measurements on a single fiber.

PMID- 3389403
TI  - Effect of Na+ on intestinal succinate transport and metabolism in vitro.
AB  - The effect of Na+ on 14CO2 production from [14C]succinate was studied in isolated
      rat enterocytes, and Na+-dependent succinate transport was characterized in pig
      intestinal brush-border membrane vesicles. The production of 14CO2 from
      [14C]succinate by enterocytes was decreased 12-fold when Na+ was replaced by N
      methyl-D-glucamine in the absence of glutamine and 20-fold in the presence of 0.2
      or 0.5 mM glutamine. The ratio of 14CO2 produced from [1,4-14C]succinate to that
      produced by [2,3-14C]succinate was not affected by Na+ replacement, indicating
      that the pattern of tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolism was not altered. The
      uptake of [14C]succinate by brush-border membrane vesicles was stimulated 10-fold
      in the presence of 100 mM NaCl compared with 100 mM KCl. When succinate uptake
      was corrected to transport into an osmotically sensitive space, the magnitude of
      the Na+ stimulation was 20-fold. Succinate transport into brush-border membrane
      vesicles was Na+ dependent, electroneutral, nonconcentrative, with an apparent
      Na+-succinate coupling ratio of 2:1. Results of this study indicate that Na+
      stimulated CO2 production by enterocytes can be explained by the effect of Na+ on
      succinate transport across the brush-border membrane.

PMID- 3389404
TI  - Angiotensin II receptors in rabbit renal preglomerular vessels.
AB  - Controversy exists regarding the specific sites within the renal microcirculation
      affected by angiotensin II (ANG II). Under some conditions, ANG II can elicit
      direct vasoconstrictor responses in the preglomerular vessels and efferent
      arterioles. These experiments were designed to evaluate the binding of 125I-ANG
      II in preglomerular vessels. Arcuate and interlobular arteries, with attached
      proximal segments of afferent arterioles, were microdissected from rabbit renal
      cortexes. A membrane preparation was obtained from the pooled freshly dissected
      vessels and utilized in an ANG II radioreceptor assay on the same day. Binding
      site concentrations [N] and dissociation constants [KD] were obtained by
      Scatchard analyses of binding inhibition data. Specific binding was saturable and
      reversible. The dissociation of bound ANG II was enhanced in the presence of a
      nonhydrolyzable analogue of GTP. Linear Scatchard plots were obtained, indicating
      the presence of a single class of high-affinity binding sites. The KD and N are
      similar to those for ANG II receptors in extrarenal vascular tissue. The order of
      binding inhibition potencies of ANG analogues was [Sar1,Ile8]-ANG II much greater
      than [Sar1,Ala8]ANG II = ANG II = ANG III much greater than ANG I, which is
      consistent with in vivo observations of the effects of these analogues on renal
      blood flow. The binding inhibition potencies of ANG III and [Sar1,Ile8]ANG II
      were greater in renal compared with reported values for extrarenal vasculature
      and rabbit glomeruli. Furthermore, there were no differences in ANG II receptor
      parameters in preglomerular vessels obtained from pregnant and nonpregnant
      rabbits.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3389405
TI  - Impaired transport of thyroid hormones into livers of obese (ob/ob) mice.
AB  - Obese (ob/ob) mice exhibit impaired hepatic thyroid hormone action that is
      mediated, at least in part, by a reduced nuclear 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3)
      receptor occupancy. The possibility that lowered occupancy in obese mice may be
      caused by decreased transport of T3 across the hepatic plasma membrane was
      examined by measuring the unidirectional influx of [125I]T3 into livers of 8- to
      10-wk-old obese and lean mice using a tissue-sampling portal vein-injection
      technique. Influx of [125I]thyroxine (T4), a substrate for T4 5'-deiodinase, was
      also measured. Unidirectional clearance of T3 and T4 was 64 and 80% lower,
      respectively, in obese mice than in lean mice. Hepatic T3 and T4 uptake was
      nonsaturable in both lean and obese mice, suggesting that transport occurs by
      lipid-mediated free diffusion. Clearance of another lipid-soluble hormone,
      hydrocortisone, was also lower in obese mice than in lean mice. Decreased
      membrane permeability to the above hormones in obese mice may result from
      reported changes in membrane lipid composition. In conclusion, decreased hepatic
      thyroid hormone uptake may contribute to impaired thyroid hormone action and T3
      production in livers of obese mice.

PMID- 3389406
TI  - Minimizing perioperative hypoxemia does not affect postpneumonectomy lung growth.
AB  - The effects of preventing the acute hypoxemia common during lung resection on
      postpneumonectomy lung growth were investigated. Rats that had undergone
      translaryngeal tracheal intubation and were supported with intermittent positive
      pressure ventilation during pneumonectomy (IPPV) were compared with those allowed
      to breathe room air spontaneously via the natural airway (SV). A pulse oximeter
      was used to document intraoperative and postoperative oxygen saturation (SaO2).
      Almost all SV animals became acutely hypoxemic during thoracotomy [SaO2 less than
      50% for 2.5 +/- 0.5 min (8/9), less than 30% for 1.7 +/- 0.4 (8/9)], whereas IPPV
      animals largely maintained oxygenation [SaO2 less than 50% for 0.3 +/- 0.2 min
      (8/13), less than 30% for 0.05 +/- 0.05 min (1/13)]. Direct measurements of
      oxygen saturation correlated well with the pulse oximeter (slope of regression
      line = 0.90, correlation 0.91), and arterial blood gases showed the SV group to
      be hypercapneic and acidotic as well as hypoxemic during lung removal. These
      abnormalities resolved soon after chest closure. Intubated animals had mild
      postextubation hypoxemia that normalized within 3 h of surgery. Two weeks
      postoperative, there were no differences in lung mass or content of water, RNA,
      DNA, and protein between the two groups.

PMID- 3389408
TI  - Measuring tracee turnover from tracer specific activity in the steady state.
AB  - When a substrate appears in and disappears from an unmeasured (tissue)
      compartment, the proper sites for tracer infusion and sampling to measure tracee
      turnover become controversial. We analyze a three-compartment model representing
      arterial blood, tissue, and venous blood. The desired quantity, tracee turnover,
      is the ratio of the steady-state infusion rate to tissue specific activity.
      However, specific activity in the tissue compartment is unknown. We assume
      infusion of tracer into the arterial pool at a constant rate and consider
      sampling of specific activity of either blood compartment in the steady state. We
      obtain estimates of tissue specific activity from measurement of concentrations
      of tracer and tracee in blood samples in two extreme cases. In case I, tracee is
      assumed to appear in the venous compartment but to disappear from the tissue
      pool. Then tissue specific activity is equal to arterial specific activity. In
      case II, both appearance and disappearance are from the tissue pool. Tissue
      specific activity is then less than arterial or venous specific activity. We give
      formulas for the difference in each case. We discuss the relationship of our
      models to actual tracer experiments and define physiological locations for our
      three compartments. Appearance of substrates is probably intermediate between our
      extreme cases. A numerical estimate of turnover for the substrate lactate in
      resting humans reveals an error bound of approximately 30%. We discuss sites of
      infusion and sampling consistent with our model, the effects of relaxing some of
      our modeling constraints, and experimental necessities for getting beyond the
      steady state.

PMID- 3389407
TI  - Three-compartmental analysis of effects of D-propranolol on thyroid hormone
      kinetics.
AB  - Tracer thyroxine (T4), 3.3',5-triiodothyronine (T3), and 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine
      (rT3) kinetic studies were performed in normal T4 substituted subjects before and
      during oral D-propranolol treatment to determine whether changes in thyroid
      hormone metabolism in a propranolol-induced low-T3 syndrome result from
      inhibition of 5'-deiodination or inhibition of transport of iodothyronines into
      tissues. Data were analyzed according to a three-compartmental model of
      distribution and metabolism. T4 plasma appearance rate decreased by 16% (P less
      than 0.01), reflecting a decreased intestinal absorption of orally administered
      T4 during propranolol. Serum T4 and free T4 levels increased significantly by
      14%, whereas T4 metabolic clearance rate (MCR) was lowered by 26% (P less than
      0.001). No changes were observed in size of the three T4 compartments or in
      fractional and mass transfer rates of T4 from plasma to the rapidly (REP) and
      slowly (SEP) equilibrating pools. Serum T3, free T3, T3 plasma pool, T3 mass
      transfer rate to REP and SEP, and the T3 pool masses were all significantly
      decreased during propranolol to a similar extent as the T3 plasma production rate
      (PR). T3 MCR decreased by 14% (P less than 0.05). Serum total and free rT3
      increased, whereas the rT3 MCR was substantially lowered during propranolol (P
      less than 0.001). The rT3 plasma pool, rT3 REP and SEP, and the mass transfer
      rates to REP and SEP increased, whereas no alterations were observed in rT3 PR
      and fractional transfer rates of rT3 to REP and SEP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3389409
TI  - Effect of denervation on initiation and coordination of gastroduodenal motility
      in turkeys.
AB  - The effect of total extrinsic denervation of the stomach on the rhythmicity and
      coordination of the gastroduodenal cycle was determined in domestic turkeys. The
      vagus and two gastric branches of the sympathetic nerve were sectioned at the
      level of the glandular stomach. Motilities of the glandular stomach, proximal
      duodenum, and caudal thin muscle of the muscular stomach were monitored via
      implanted strain gauge transducers for 1 h every other day. Denervation had no
      significant effect on initiation of contractions or frequency of gastric
      contractions in fed birds, but fasted birds whose stomachs were extrinsically
      denervated exhibited significantly slower contractions than controls. In
      addition, denervation uncoupled the coordination of the duodenal and gastric
      contractions in the gastroduodenal cycle. Moreover, birds with extrinsically
      denervated stomachs exhibited a cephalic phase of gastric motility that was
      significantly delayed in onset compared with controls. These results suggest the
      existence of both a neural and endocrine component in the avian gastric response
      to the sight of food. Extrinsic input seems to be an important modulator of
      gastric motility in birds and is essential for the normal coordination of the
      gastroduodenal contraction cycle.

PMID- 3389410
TI  - Kinetics of binding of cholecystokinin to pancreatic acini.
AB  - In the present study we examined the kinetics of binding of iodinated COOH
      terminal octapeptide of cholecystokinin (125I-CCK-8) to its receptors on
      dispersed acini prepared from guinea pig pancreas. At 37 degrees C, binding of
      125I-CCK-8 reached a steady state after 60 min of incubation. Dissociation of
      bound 125I-CCK-8 was biphasic, indicating that the labeled peptide binds in two
      distinct states: a rapidly dissociating state and a slowly dissociating state.
      Binding of 125I-CCK-8 in the rapidly dissociating state was maximal within 3 min
      of incubation, did not depend on incubation temperature or cellular energy
      metabolism, could be stripped by 0.5 M potassium thiocyanate, and showed
      accelerated dissociation with CCK-8 or dibutyrylguanosine 3',5'-cyclic
      monophosphate (Bt2cGMP). Binding of 125I-CCK-8 in the slowly dissociating state
      was maximal after 60 min of incubation, was decreased by reducing the incubation
      temperature or inhibiting cellular energy metabolism, was not stripped by 0.5 M
      potassium thiocyanate, and did not show accelerated dissociation with CCK-8 or
      Bt2cGMP. Increasing the concentration of 125I-CCK-8 increased the fraction of
      radioactivity bound in the rapidly dissociating state. When binding of 125I-CCK-8
      reached a steady state, nearly all of the bound radioactivity was in the slowly
      dissociating state. Computer analysis of the inhibition of 125I-CCK-8 by CCK-8
      under experimental conditions where the rapidly dissociating state predominates
      demonstrated a complete loss of high-affinity binding sites.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3389411
TI  - Effects of intraluminal nutrients on intestinal myoelectric activity in rabbits.
AB  - In the unanesthetized rabbit, intraluminal infusions of D- and L-methionine, L
      tryptophan, D-glucose, D-xylose, and lactulose had a biphasic effect on small
      intestinal myoelectric activity. A phase of enhanced activity was followed by a
      phase of inhibition. The excitatory phase was mimicked by saline solutions
      equiosmolar to the test solutions. The subsequent inhibition was does dependent
      and significantly (P less than 0.01) longer for the passively absorbed D
      methionine than for the L-stereoisomer. The inhibitory action of 10 mM D-glucose,
      10 mM L-methionine, and 5 mM L-tryptophan was blocked by propranolol on the
      jejunum and by phenoxybenzamine on the ileum. We conclude that the initial
      excitatory phase induced by luminal amino acids and sugars may be dependent on an
      action on osmoreceptors, whereas the subsequent inhibitory phase may involve the
      sympathetic noradrenergic system.

PMID- 3389412
TI  - Hepatocyte cotransport of taurocholate and bilirubin glucuronides: role of
      microtubules.
AB  - Modulation of bile pigment excretion by bile salts has been attributed to
      modification of canalicular membrane transport or a physical interaction in bile.
      Based on the observation that a microtubule-dependent pathway is involved in the
      hepatocellular transport of bile salts, we investigated the possibility that
      bilirubin glucuronides are associated with bile salts during intracellular
      transport. Experiments were conducted in intact rats (basal) or after overnight
      biliary diversion and intravenous reinfusion of taurocholate
      (depleted/reinfused). All rats were pretreated with intravenous low-dose
      colchicine or its inactive isomer lumicolchicine. Biliary excretion of
      radiolabeled bilirubin glucuronides derived from tracer [14C]bilirubin
      [3H]bilirubin monoglucuronide (co-injected iv) was unchanged in basal rats but
      was consistently delayed in depleted/reinfused rats. This was accompanied by a
      significant shift toward bilirubin diglucuronide formation from both substrates.
      In basal Gunn rats, with deficient bilirubin glucuronidation, biliary excretion
      of intravenous [14C]bilirubin monoglucuronide-[3H] bilirubin diglucuronide was
      unaffected by colchicine but was retarded in depleted/reinfused Gunn rats.
      Colchicine had no effect on the rate of bilirubin glucuronidation in vitro in rat
      liver microsomes. We conclude that a portion of the bilirubin glucuronides
      generated endogenously in hepatocytes or taken up directly from plasma may be
      cotransported with bile salts to the bile canalicular membrane via a microtubule
      dependent (vesicular?) mechanism.

PMID- 3389413
TI  - Autoradiographic analysis of hepatocytes in mirex-induced adaptive liver growth.
AB  - The relationships between [3H]thymidine incorporation into hepatocyte nuclei,
      cell enlargement, and mitotic index were studied in intact (INT) and
      adrenalectomized (ADX) mirex-dosed rats. In INT mirex-dosed rats the sequence of
      events included the following: a biphasic response in nuclear labeling of
      mononuclear hepatocytes with peaks at 48 and 66 h postmirex dose, a peak in
      mitotic activity 66 h postmirex dose, and a significant increase in binuclear
      hepatocyte size 48 h postmirex dose. In ADX mirex-dosed rats the sequence of
      events included the following: a biphasic response in nuclear labeling of
      mononuclear hepatocytes with peaks at 24 and 48 h postmirex dose, a peak in
      mitotic activity 60 h postmirex dose, and a marginal increase in binuclear
      hepatocyte size 48 h postmirex dose. Corticosterone supplements to ADX mirex
      dosed rats significantly reduced nuclear labeling of the mononuclear hepatocytes
      and increased the size of binuclear hepatocytes to that observed in INT mirex
      dosed rats. This study demonstrates that adaptive liver growth consists of a
      hyperplastic response that involves mononuclear hepatocytes and a hypertrophic
      response that involves binuclear hepatocytes. Both responses appear to be
      modulated by corticosterone.

PMID- 3389414
TI  - Release of NPY in pig pancreas: dual parasympathetic and sympathetic regulation.
AB  - Several lines of evidence have connected neuropeptide Y (NPY), a 36-residue
      polypeptide, to the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. We
      studied the localization, the molecular characteristics, and the release of NPY
      and norepinephrine (NE) in the porcine pancreas. Immunohistochemical
      investigations revealed that NPY nerves around blood vessels were likely to be of
      adrenergic nature, whereas NPY-immunoreactive fibers close to exocrine and
      endocrine cells may originate from local ganglia also containing VIP (vasoactive
      intestinal peptide) and PHI (peptide histidine isoleucine). Electrical
      stimulation of the splanchnic nerve supply to the isolated perfused pig pancreas
      resulted in a corelease of NPY and NE into the venous effluent. Stimulation of
      the vagal nerves caused a sevenfold larger release of NPY without affecting the
      NE secretion. Characterization of the NPY immunoreactivity in the pancreatic
      tissue and in the venous effluent by gel filtration, high-performance liquid
      chromatography, and isoelectric focusing showed that the immunoreactive NPY was
      indistinguishable from synthetic porcine NPY. It is concluded that, although NPY
      is associated with sympathetic perivascular neurons, the majority of the
      pancreatic NPY-containing nerve fibers are likely to belong to the
      parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system.

PMID- 3389415
TI  - Mechanical properties and sensitivity to CCK of vagal gastric slowly adapting
      mechanoreceptors.
AB  - Sixty single afferent fibers with endings in the stomach wall were isolated from
      the cervical vagus of urethan-anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats. All the fibers,
      most of which were spontaneously active, increased their discharge after gastric
      distension or during spontaneous contractions of the stomach. Because of this and
      the characteristic dynamic and static features of their response to inflation and
      deflation, they were identified as in-series tension receptors. Certain features
      of their responses, previously suspected from studies on reflex modulation of
      vagal efferent fibers or brain stem neurons, were directly confirmed. These
      included a broad range of mechanical thresholds and spontaneous firing
      frequencies that were correlated and a sensitivity only to dynamic stretch and
      active contraction in the highest threshold endings. The tension receptors could
      also be activated by circulating cholecystokinin, an effect unrelated to changes
      in intraluminal pressure and hence gastric wall tension, suggesting that there
      may be humoral modulation of visceral sensory signals that might be relevant to
      several behavioral situations, such as food intake regulation.

PMID- 3389417
TI  - Antropyloroduodenal activity during gastric emptying of liquid meals in humans.
AB  - The present study examines the possible roles of the pylorus and the proximal
      duodenum in the gastric emptying of two liquid meals in six healthy volunteers.
      Gastric emptying of a saline meal (150 mM) and an acid meal (120 mM hydrochloric
      acid) were measured by the double-sampling dye dilution technique while
      antroduodenal motility was monitored with a continuously perfused catheter
      system. Pyloric region pressures were measured with a Dent sleeve. The acid meal
      (t1/2 = 13.5 +/- 1.8 min) emptied significantly (P less than 0.01) slower than
      the saline meal (t1/2 = 3.5 +/- 0.7 min). This slowing in the emptying of the
      acid meal was associated with significant (P less than 0.05) increments in tonic
      pyloric activity and phasic contractions of the proximal duodenum. Thus the
      gastric emptying of liquid meals is a complex process involving all components of
      the gastroduodenal region.

PMID- 3389416
TI  - Release of secretin along the canine small intestine.
AB  - The profile of secretin release along the entire canine small intestine was
      examined in this study. Four equal loops of the small gut, from the duodenal bulb
      to the ileocoecal valve, were isolated. In eight anesthetized dogs the four
      segments were perfused for 40 min each in random order with an acidified (pH 2.5)
      emulsion of 20 mM oleic acid. In four dogs control experiments were performed
      using 0.15 M saline. Secretin release in portal venous blood was measured by a
      sensitive radioimmunoassay. Although secretin was mainly released in the first
      quarter of the small intestine (310 pM X 40 min), large amounts of secretin, 33%
      of the total secretin release, were liberated in the second quarter of the small
      intestine (164 pM X 40 min). Minute amounts of secretin (23 pM X 40 min) were
      released in the third quarter, whereas perfusion of the last quarter of the small
      gut failed to release secretin. We conclude that the major portion of secretin is
      releasable in the first quarter of the small gut. High amounts of secretin can be
      liberated in the second quarter of intestine, an area that is probably never
      exposed to pH below 4.5 (the known threshold for secretin release by acid), but
      is still exposed to fatty acids (other releasers of secretin).

PMID- 3389418
TI  - Memory for the locations of pictures: evidence for hierarchical clustering.
AB  - The role of similarity in memory for location of pictures was examined.
      Undergraduates memorized the locations of 10 pictures situated within a map. The
      similarity of the pictures was manipulated. Two days later, subjects were tested
      for their memory of the locations. The results indicated that subjects clustered
      the locations of the pictures on the basis of pictorial similarity, such that
      locations of similar pictures were judged as closer than equidistant locations of
      dissimilar pictures. The results are discussed in the framework of a hierarchical
      model of spatial memory.

PMID- 3389419
TI  - Tunnel vision or general interference? Cognitive load and attentional bias are
      both important.
AB  - Accuracy of identification of single letters presented in the near periphery (2.2
      degrees, 3.3 degrees, or 4.4 degrees) was adversely affected when subjects were
      given a simultaneous foveal visual task as part of the same display. The level of
      processing required by the foveal task as well as the attentional allocation
      instructions were both found to be important. Tunnel vision as opposed to general
      interference can be induced by a combination of high foveal cognitive load, a
      focused attention strategy, and speed stress.

PMID- 3389420
TI  - Preventing a feature-positive effect in pigeons.
AB  - The feature-positive effect (FPE) is a widespread and robust phenomenon in the
      context of discrimination learning. It refers to the fact that a distinctive
      feature associated with a stimulus that is reinforced leads to efficient
      discrimination learning, whereas the same feature associated with the
      nonreinforced stimulus inhibits discrimination learning. Two experiments with
      pigeons showed that the FPE also occurs with a simultaneous discrimination
      paradigm involving brief discrete trials and no intertrial intervals. A pre
      training treatment unexpectedly prevented the expression of the FPE in this
      discrimination task. The pretraining consisted of having pigeons discriminate the
      feature/nonfeature visual shapes from a plain background disc. Rewarding
      responses to the shapes, or alternatively to the blank disc, had the same FPE
      preventing effect. A reversal of a feature/nonfeature stimulus discrimination led
      to an analogous erasure of the FPE. The results are discussed in terms of the
      concurrence or interference between the various associations that the subjects
      formed on the basis of the different stimulus-reward correlations they
      experienced in the different phases of the experiments.

PMID- 3389421
TI  - Temporal memory over the adult lifespan.
AB  - Performances of noncollege student young adults, middle-aged adults, and elderly
      adults were contrasted on word temporal memory and paired-associate learning
      tasks. A comparison group of college-student subjects was also evaluated on each
      task. Significant effects for age variation were found for each task. The age
      sensitivity for temporal memory conflicts with one of the criteria commonly
      established for determining the automaticity of a memory task. In addition,
      moderately high positive correlations were found for each age group between word
      temporal memory scores and paired-associate learning scores, implying the
      involvement of effortful processes over the adult lifespan in word temporal
      memory.

PMID- 3389422
TI  - Effects of aging on perceptual closure.
AB  - Two research strategies were employed to investigate reasons for the poorer
      performance associated with increased age on perceptual closure tasks involving
      the integration and identification of incomplete pictures. One strategy consisted
      of examining age differences in measures designed to reflect the proficiency of
      processing components presumed to be involved in the closure task. The
      performance of older adults was significantly worse than that of young adults on
      each measure, suggesting that the age differences in the criterion task could not
      be localized in a single specific component. The second strategy involved
      determining whether young and old adults differed in the effects of practice or
      in the amount of specific and general transfer resulting from that practice. No
      age differences other than those in the overall level of performance were
      discovered, indicating that the age-associated problem may be independent of the
      processes contributing to the acquisition and transfer of new information. It was
      suggested that the age differences in perceptual closure tasks originate because
      of a general inefficiency in information processing due to a reduction in some
      type of general-purpose processing resource, and not because of a limitation in a
      single specific process.

PMID- 3389423
TI  - Seeing her looking at you: acquaintance and variation in the judgment of gaze
      depth.
AB  - The acquaintance of subject and looker as well as the depth of gaze affected male
      subjects' judgments of a female assistant's looking behavior. In a situation
      ruling out visual interaction, eye-contact gazes were located no more accurately
      than other gazes. Nevertheless, although gaze depths were not accurately
      discriminated, gazes deviating vertically and horizontally, to the edge of the
      head and just beyond the head, were located with some accuracy. The pattern of
      errors was toward the head and away from the body. Acquaintance produces a
      stronger bias away from the body, and may produce other interaction-facilitating
      biases.

PMID- 3389424
TI  - Attention, rehearsal, and memory for serial order.
AB  - In three experiments, subjects attended to one of two simultaneous nine-digit
      sequences, presented binaurally in different voices (one male, one female).
      Substantial repetition effects (defined as gains in immediate memory performance
      for previously presented sequences relative to novel ones) were found for two
      exposure conditions: (a) one that required reproduction of the full sequence on
      each exposure (Experiment 1), and (b) one that required recall of a different two
      digit subsequence on each exposure (Experiment 2). In Experiment 3, the following
      conditions produced no repetition effects, even though tests had substantial
      power to detect small effects: 10 consecutive presentations in the unattended
      voice; 4 prior presentations in a task that required attention to each digit as
      it was presented (but not to digit order); and 4 prior presentations in a task
      that required attention to digit order during their presentations. These results,
      together with those of previous studies, support the conclusion that repetition
      effects on immediate memory occur only with procedures that encourage covert
      rehearsal of full-sequence order on each exposure. These findings also limit the
      generality of others' conclusions that event order is automatically encoded for
      attended events, and extend previous findings showing unattended exposures to be
      without effect on recall measures.

PMID- 3389425
TI  - Education about nuclear war.

PMID- 3389426
TI  - A procedure for linking psychosocial job characteristics data to health surveys.
AB  - A system is presented for linking information about psychosocial characteristics
      of job situations to national health surveys. Job information can be imputed to
      individuals on surveys that contain three-digit US Census occupation codes.
      Occupational mean scores on psychosocial job characteristics-control over task
      situation (decision latitude), psychological work load, physical exertion, and
      other measures-for the linkage system are derived from US national surveys of
      working conditions (Quality of Employment Surveys 1969, 1972, and 1977). This
      paper discusses a new method for reducing the biases in multivariate analyses
      that are likely to arise when utilizing linkage systems based on mean scores.
      Such biases are reduced by modifying the linkage system to adjust imputed
      individual scores for demographic factors such as age, education, race, marital
      status and, implicitly, sex (since men and women have separate linkage data
      bases). Statistics on the linkage system's efficiency and reliability are
      reported. All dimensions have high inter-survey reproducibility. Despite their
      psychosocial nature, decision latitude and physical exertion can be more
      efficiently imputed with the linkage system than earnings (a non-psychosocial job
      characteristic). The linkage system presented here is a useful tool for initial
      epidemiological studies of the consequences of psychosocial job characteristics
      and constitutes the methodological basis for the subsequent paper.

PMID- 3389427
TI  - Job characteristics in relation to the prevalence of myocardial infarction in the
      US Health Examination Survey (HES) and the Health and Nutrition Examination
      Survey (HANES).
AB  - Associations between psychosocial job characteristics and past myocardial
      infarction (MI) prevalence for employed males were tested with the Health
      Examination Survey (HES) 1960-61, N = 2,409, and the Health and Nutrition
      Examination Survey (HANES) 1971-75, N = 2,424. A new estimation method is used
      which imputes to census occupation codes, job characteristic information from
      national surveys of job characteristics (US Department of Labor, Quality of
      Employment Surveys). Controlling for age, we find that employed males with jobs
      which are simultaneously low in decision latitude and high in psychological work
      load (a multiplicative product term isolating 20 per cent of the population) have
      a higher prevalence of myocardial infarction in both data bases. In a logistic
      regression analysis, using job measures adjusted for demographic factors and
      controlling for age, race, education, systolic blood pressure, serum cholesterol,
      smoking (HANES only), and physical exertion, we find a low decision latitude/high
      psychological demand multiplicative product term associated with MI in both data
      bases. Additional multiple logistic regressions show that low decision latitude
      is associated with increased prevalence of MI in both the HES and the HANES.
      Psychological workload and physical exertion are significant only in the HANES.

PMID- 3389428
TI  - Teenage fathers and the fathers of infants of urban, teenage mothers.
AB  - Data from Certificates of Live Birth, for recorded resident births in Baltimore
      in 1983, were used to describe fathers whose child was born to a teenage mother.
      Four groups were identified: 1) both father and mother were teenagers (12 per
      cent); 2) only the mother was a teenager (14 per cent); 3) only the father was a
      teenager (2 per cent); 4) both parents were aged 20 years of above (72 per cent).
      The fathers in the first three groups appeared at serious educational and
      financial disadvantage as compared with those where neither parent was a
      teenager. Within the teenage parent groups, White fathers had lower educational
      attainment than Black; one in four White fathers was married vs less than 5 per
      cent of Black. Although limited in scope, the data indicate that disadvantages
      associated with being a teenage father or the father of an infant born by a
      teenage mother are clear cut.

PMID- 3389430
TI  - Morbidity and use of ambulatory care services among poor and nonpoor children.
AB  - Using data from the Child Health Supplement to the 1981 National Health Interview
      Survey, illness and use of physician services are compared for children under 18
      years old in three family income groups. The results indicate that although
      annual prevalence of many health problems does not differ greatly by income
      level, disability as measured by bed days is greater among low income children. A
      substantial minority of children from all socioeconomic levels are afflicted by
      multiple health problems. The impact of multiple conditions, as measured by days
      spent ill in bed, appears much greater for children from low income families. Use
      of physician services was found to be similar for children of all socioeconomic
      levels when no significant health problems were present, but low income children
      with health problems used fewer physician visits on an adjusted basis than their
      higher income counterparts.

PMID- 3389431
TI  - Children of migrant farm work families are at high risk for maltreatment: New
      York State study.
AB  - Utilizing a crosstabulation between data collected by the Migrant Student Records
      Transfer System and the New York State Central Register, it was determined that
      298 of the 7,408 migrant children, age 18 years or younger, censused in 1982 were
      on file as having been maltreated in 1982. This rate, 40.2 per 1,000, is
      substantially higher than the rate found for upstate New York children (5.5).
      Maltreatment rates also varied by migrant status and household composition.

PMID- 3389429
TI  - Socioenvironmental characteristics associated with the onset of decline of
      ischemic heart disease mortality in the United States.
AB  - The relation of community socioenvironmental characteristics to timing of the
      onset of decline of ischemic heart disease (IHD) mortality was investigated among
      the 507 State Economic Areas of the continental United States. Onset of decline
      was measured using data for White men aged 35-74 and classified as early (1968 or
      before) vs late (after 1968). Ten socioenvironmental characteristics derived from
      US Census Bureau data were strongly related to onset of decline. Areas with the
      poorest socioenvironmental conditions were two to 10 times more likely to
      experience late onset than those areas with the highest levels. We found that
      income-related characteristics could account for most of the difference in onset
      of decline of IHD between metropolitan and non-metropolitan places. We conclude
      that community socioenvironmental characteristics provide the context for changes
      in risk factors and medical care.

PMID- 3389432
TI  - Time of exposure and risk of HIV infection in homosexual partners of men with
      AIDS.
AB  - We interviewed, and tested for HIV antibody, 117 homosexual men who had been
      regular sexual partners of men who developed acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
      (AIDS); 85 tested seropositive. Receptive anal intercourse with the index AIDS
      case and number of different sexual partners with whom subjects were anally
      receptive were both risk factors. Controlling for the number of partners with
      whom subjects were anally receptive, we found that the odds ratio of receptive
      anal intercourse with the case was infinite (95% confidence intervals, 3.3
      infinity) if sexual contact continued up to or beyond the time of diagnosis,
      while the odds ratio was 1.0 (95% CI 0.3-3.2) if contact ceased before the case's
      AIDS diagnosis. Risk was not associated with the duration or frequency of
      contact. Our data suggest that the potential for sexual transmission from an HIV
      infected person may be greater close to or after the onset of disease.

PMID- 3389434
TI  - History of blood transfusion, tattooing, acupuncture and risk of hepatitis B
      surface antigenaemia among Chinese men in Singapore.
AB  - To determine whether a history of blood transfusion, tattooing, and acupuncture
      is associated with an increased risk of hepatitis B surface antigenaemia, a study
      of 6,328 Chinese men between 35 and 65 years of age was undertaken in Singapore.
      The age-adjusted odds ratios were 1.44 (95% CI: 1.14, 1.83) for blood
      transfusion, 1.14 (95% CI: 0.80, 1.63) for tattooing, and 0.88 (95% CI: 0.71,
      1.11) for acupuncture. Using no history of any of the three percutaneous
      procedures as reference, the age-adjusted odds ratio for blood transfusion only
      was 1.40, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.84, and for blood transfusion plus tattooing was 2.59,
      95% CI: 1.18, 5.70. The proportion of HBsAg positive cases attributable to blood
      transfusion and tattooing, as measured by the population attributable risk, are
      4.1 and 0.7 per cent, respectively.

PMID- 3389433
TI  - Sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics of HIV antibody-positive blood
      donors.
AB  - This paper describes the sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics of 173
      blood donors who were confirmed by Western blot tests to have antibodies to human
      immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the etiologic agent for acquired immunodeficiency
      syndrome (AIDS). Seropositive donors were predominantly young, unmarried, and
      male, and major risk factors could be identified for almost all donors. However,
      more than 20 per cent of the study participants were women, and many participants
      were not aware that they were at risk of infection. The heterogeneity of the
      study population, the lack of awareness among many subjects of risk factors and
      self-exclusion procedures, and the high level of distress among many subjects
      after notification, emphasize the need for intensive, well-designed education and
      support programs.

PMID- 3389435
TI  - Nuclear education in public health and nursing.
AB  - Twenty-three public health schools and 492 university schools of nursing were
      surveyed to gather specific information on educational programs related to
      nuclear war. Twenty public health schools and 240 nursing schools responded.
      Nuclear war-related content was most likely to appear in disaster nursing and in
      environmental health courses. Three schools of public health report that they
      currently offer elective courses on nuclear war. Innovative curricula included
      political action projects for nuclear war prevention.

PMID- 3389436
TI  - Medical costs of ambulatory patients with AIDS-related complex (ARC) and/or
      generalized lymphadenopathy syndrome (GLS) related to HIV infection, 1984-85.
AB  - A cost-of-illness study July 1, 1984-June 30, 1985 evaluating 28 patients with
      AIDS-Related Complex (ARC) and/or Generalized Lymphadenopathy Syndrome (GLS)
      found the average cost to be $489 per patient per year. None of the ARC or GLS
      patients in our study was hospitalized during the one year period, and none
      progressed to AIDS. No AIDS-specific treatment such as AZT was available at the
      time this study was completed.

PMID- 3389437
TI  - Prevalence of hepatitis B markers among pregnant Hispanic women in
      migrant/seasonal work in Oregon.
AB  - We screened 303 Hispanic pregnant women who were migrant or seasonal agricultural
      workers in Oregon for the presence of Hepatitis B serological markers. One
      carrier was identified (0.3 per cent, 95% confidence interval [CI] .02%, 2.1%).
      Evidence of previous HB infection was present in 5.3 per cent (16/303) of the
      women (95% CI 3.2%, 8.6%), rates similar to those for the general US population.

PMID- 3389438
TI  - Indoor air pollution of coal fumes as a risk factor of stroke, Shanghai.
AB  - A cohort of 957 male persons in Shanghai has been followed up for 12 years after
      they entered a screening program for coronary heart disease and stroke. During
      the period of study, 24 of the subjects who had no previous history of heart
      disease and stroke died from stroke. Risk factors for stroke were analyzed by the
      Cox proportional hazards model. Coal fumes were found to be an independent risk
      factor for stroke in addition to diastolic blood pressure, age, and cigarette
      smoking.

PMID- 3389439
TI  - "We believe in being the best".

PMID- 3389440
TI  - Health promotion in the United States and Canada: smoking, exercise, and other
      health-related behaviors.

PMID- 3389441
TI  - Ascertainment bias of cervical carcinoma in situ.

PMID- 3389442
TI  - Health status of Ethiopians in Israel.

PMID- 3389444
TI  - Attempts to establish nonsmoking sections in restaurants.

PMID- 3389443
TI  - Menthol cigarettes and esophageal cancer.

PMID- 3389445
TI  - Awareness of Alzheimer patients.

PMID- 3389446
TI  - Occupational injury trends.

PMID- 3389447
TI  - Sludge and micro-organisms.

PMID- 3389448
TI  - Visas not approved for medical delegation to South Africa.

PMID- 3389449
TI  - Histologic diagnosis of extrinsic allergic alveolitis.
AB  - Twenty-seven patients with open-lung biopsy findings consistent with extrinsic
      allergic alveolitis (hypersensitivity pneumonitis) were studied. In only one case
      had the diagnosis been considered prior to the biopsy. Among the 27 patients, a
      causative exposure was subsequently identified in 10, and no apparent cause could
      be found in the remaining 17. The prognosis for the entire group was good; all 10
      patients in whom an exposure was found and 13 of 17 without causative exposure
      are alive without progressive lung disease.

PMID- 3389450
TI  - Superficial angiomyxomas with and without epithelial components. Report of 30
      tumors in 28 patients.
AB  - This paper describes 30 uncommon dermal and subcutaneous angiomyxoid tumors in 28
      patients whose ages ranged from 4 to 78 years (mean, 39 years). There were 16
      male patients and 12 female patients. Tumor size varied from 0.5 to 9 cm, with
      the majority measuring 1-5 cm. Eleven tumors (37%) were located on the trunk, ten
      (33%) on the lower extremity, five (17%) on the head or neck, and four (13%) on
      the arm. Microscopically, there were moderately to sparsely cellular angiomyxoid
      nodules with scattered small vessels. Nine tumors had an epidermal component that
      took the form of a keratin-filled cyst or epithelial strands. The angiomyxoid
      components of all 30 tumors were morphologically similar. Electron microscopy
      showed fibroblastic stromal cells, proteoglycan matrix, and collagen fibers. The
      S-100 protein stain was negative in two tumors, and the vimentin stain was
      positive in stromal cells in one tumor. Follow-up information obtained for 20 of
      the 28 patients included data on eight tumors with epithelial components. Five
      (63%) of those eight tumors recurred once; three had not recurred, and one
      patient developed a new and separate purely angiomyxoid tumor. Three (23%) of 13
      tumors without epithelial components recurred. None recurred more than once, and
      none metastasized. We suspect that superficial angiomyxoma, cutaneous focal
      mucinosis, trichogenic myxoma, trichogenic adnexal tumors, trichodiscoma, myxoid
      perifollicular fibromas, trichofolliculomas and fibrofolliculomas, the Carney
      complex, NAME and LAMB syndromes are all closely related. We also believe that
      the solitary superficial angiomyxoma with no epithelial elements is the most
      common manifestation of these myxoid tumors.

PMID- 3389451
TI  - Papillary and polypoid cystitis. A report of eight cases.
AB  - Eight patients from 20 months to 79 years of age (average, 49 years) with
      papillary or polypoid inflammatory lesions of the urinary bladder were studied.
      On cystoscopic examination or initial pathologic examination, several of the
      lesions were thought to be neoplasms. Their clinical and pathologic features,
      however, were typical for papillary and polypoid cystitis. Microscopic
      examination disclosed thin, finger-like papillae or broad-based polypoid lesions
      with prominent stromal edema typically associated with chronic inflammation. The
      lesions were covered by, and adjacent to, urothelium that was usually normal but
      was occasionally metaplastic. A history of recent catheterization was present in
      only one case. These cases illustrate that occasional papillary or polypoid
      urothelial lesions are inflammatory rather than neoplastic.

PMID- 3389452
TI  - Plastic-embedded endoscopic biopsies. Diagnostic advantages.
AB  - As the use of endoscopic biopsy has increased in recent years, the pathologists
      whose job it is to interpret these small specimens have been asked to give more
      specific diagnoses. Plastic embedding has proved to be a useful diagnostic tool
      because it provides better morphology than routine paraffin embedding and because
      enzyme histochemical and immunohistochemical markers can be used. We applied
      these techniques to endoscopic biopsies hoping to increase the diagnostic yield.
      Biopsies from 75 patients were fixed in paraformaldehyde, embedded in
      methacrylate, and sectioned at 2 mu. These sections were then compared with
      routine sections from the same patient. Additional special stains were used and
      enzyme histochemistry, or immunohistochemistry was performed on the plastic- or
      paraffin-embedded tissue as needed. We found that in 26.7% of the cases, plastic
      sections resulted in more specific diagnoses than was possible with paraffin
      sections. When distinguishing lymphomas from poorly differentiated carcinomas,
      this method provided much better morphologic differentiation and better
      demonstration of leukocyte common antigen than keratin staining. Identification
      of B- or T-cell antigens was possible on plastics but not on paraffin.
      Furthermore, lesions such as histiocytosis X and cryptosporidiosis were more
      accurately identified. Thus, we found that the plastic-embedded tissue provided
      all the information yielded by routine paraffin embedding and also improved the
      diagnostic yield on certain types of neoplastic or infectious processes.

PMID- 3389453
TI  - A compound adrenal medullary tumor (pheochromocytoma and ganglioneuroma) and a
      cortical adenoma in the ipsilateral adrenal gland. A case report with enzyme
      histochemical and immunohistochemical studies.
AB  - Neoplasms of all the adrenal parenchymatous elements [i.e., a compound adrenal
      medullary tumor (MT) consisting of pheochromocytoma (Pheo) and ganglioneuroma
      (GN) and a cortical adenoma] were found in the right adrenal gland of a 53-year
      old man. A mature GN element was predominant in the MT, and nodules of small
      polygonal Pheo cells were scattered in GN. No neuroblastomatous element or
      malignant Pheo was found. The cortical adenoma consisted of compact cells and
      clear cells; it showed 3 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate
      dehydrogenase, and succinate dehydrogenase activity. The nonneoplastic cortex was
      slightly atrophic and showed weaker activity of the enzymes, suggesting that the
      adenoma was cortisol-producing. The cortex surrounding the MT was invaded and
      replaced by either GN or Pheo. In some places, however, hypertrophic compact
      cells constituted the cortex and were in contact with ACTH-immunoreactive
      chromaffin cells. A few of the latter were also positive for other
      proopiomelanocortin (POMC)-derived peptides. Pheo cells in the other parts were
      negative for POMC-derived peptides.

PMID- 3389454
TI  - Orientation of small, flat, frozen-section specimens.
AB  - A method for orienting small, flat, frozen-section specimens perpendicular to the
      plane of sectioning can be performed by double-embedding and freezing. The
      technique is fast, simple, and reliable; it requires no special equipment.

PMID- 3389455
TI  - Graduate medical education and the funding crisis.

PMID- 3389456
TI  - Giardiasis in Alabama. Diagnosis and treatment.

PMID- 3389458
TI  - Rational approach to asymptomatic creatine kinase elevation.

PMID- 3389457
TI  - The nursing shortage in Alabama hospitals.

PMID- 3389459
TI  - An overview of free vascularized joint transfers.

PMID- 3389460
TI  - The late effects of poliomyelitis.

PMID- 3389461
TI  - A pediatric surgeon's perspective of child abuse. The Luther Longino lecture.

PMID- 3389463
TI  - Sexual abuse. A social problem.

PMID- 3389462
TI  - Lessons from the Children's Hospital of Alabama Trauma Room.

PMID- 3389464
TI  - Laser physics and physiology.

PMID- 3389465
TI  - Laser surgery in the ears, nose, and throat.

PMID- 3389467
TI  - Lasers in plastic surgery.

PMID- 3389466
TI  - The use of lasers in neurosurgery.

PMID- 3389468
TI  - Use of lasers in thoracic surgery.

PMID- 3389469
TI  - Use of the laser in gynecologic surgery.

PMID- 3389470
TI  - Current uses of lasers in ophthalmology.

PMID- 3389471
TI  - UAB opens AIDS clinic.

PMID- 3389472
TI  - Computed tomographic findings in full-term infants with good prognosis.
AB  - To determine the normal neonatal computed tomographic (CT) findings, 121 CT scans
      of term infants with some neurological symptoms in the neonatal periods and a
      later good prognosis were studied. The majority of the neonates had asymmetric
      skulls with backward protrusion of the left occipital bone. In early neonates,
      the ventricles were small and straight high density lines were commonly seen in
      the posterior longitudinal cerebral fissure. In many, the left posterior horn was
      larger than the right one. Periventricular low density areas in the anterior and
      the posterior horns were noticed. The basal ganglia and the thalamus showed
      homogeneous density that was the same as that of the cerebellum. About one-third
      of the neonates had extra-cerebellar low density areas.

PMID- 3389473
TI  - Familial encephalopathy with permanent periodic breathing: 4 cases in 2 unrelated
      families.
AB  - In each of 2 unrelated Algerian families, we observed 2 sisters with a severe
      static encephalopathy which was detected in the first weeks of life. Anoxia at
      birth occurred in only one case. This previously unreported familial
      encephalopathy is characterized by severe mental retardation, hypotrophy,
      abnormal movements with unprovoked startles, major EEG abnormalities with
      undifferentiated sleep stages and a very particular periodic breathing pattern
      that persists during waking and sleep. EEG, polygraphic and video recordings were
      obtained for all patients. The evolution is chronic and stable. There are no
      major dysmorphic features. No metabolic or anatomic abnormality was found.
      Gynecotropy is uncertain and the transmission is likely to be recessive.

PMID- 3389474
TI  - An electromyography in spastic diplegia.
AB  - To evaluate the pathologic state accurately and objectively, fifteen patients
      with spastic diplegia were examined with surface electromyography (EMG) of the
      rectus femoris, medial hamstring, anterior tibial and gastrocnemius muscles.
      Seven showed disturbed reciprocal innervation (disturbed group) and 8 showed
      reciprocal innervation (non disturbed group). The disturbance of reciprocal
      innervation on EMG showed a positive correlation with delay in onset of crawling
      by 10 months (p less than 0.05), a low level of motor development (p less than
      0.005) and more abnormal CT findings. Four patients in the disturbed group showed
      various abnormalities in X-rays of the hips. Surface EMG findings of crawling
      muscle may be useful for understanding the pathologic state of crawling in
      spastic diplegia.

PMID- 3389475
TI  - Lipid storage myopathy associated with recurrent Reye syndrome-like attacks, but
      with a normal carnitine level.
AB  - A 7-year-old girl developed recurrent episodes of hepatic and cerebral
      dysfunction which mimicked those in Reye syndrome (RS). Because of mild muscle
      weakness, she had repeated muscle biopsies which showed markedly increased
      amounts of lipid droplets, predominantly in type 1 fibers. Liver histological
      examination showed widespread hepatocellular steatosis. However, diffuse
      microvesicular fat, seen in RS, was not found in the cytoplasm. The
      concentrations of free- and acylcarnitine in serum and muscle were within normal
      ranges. Normal ketogenesis was induced by fasting. Based on the clinical,
      laboratory, and histopathological findings, our patient was initially thought to
      have systemic carnitine deficiency. However, the serum and muscle carnitine
      levels were within normal limits. Although the primary metabolic defect has yet
      to be elucidated, the present study indicates that lipid storage myopathy in the
      absence of carnitine deficiency can be complicated with RS-like episodes.

PMID- 3389476
TI  - Neonatal onset of medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency in two siblings.
AB  - Two male siblings with medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency were
      reported, in whom the enzyme activity was essentially undetectable and the
      symptoms and signs, including cyanosis, apnea, low body temperature, hypoglycemia
      and hyperammonemia, appeared within 48 hours of life. Muscle weakness and
      cardiomegaly in association with morphological abnormalities of mitochondria in
      skeletal and cardiac muscles, respectively, were found on electron microscopic
      examination in one of them. These observations suggest that the patients suffered
      from the most severe form of the disease, which has not been described in the
      literature.

PMID- 3389477
TI  - Brain energy metabolism in two kinds of total asphyxia: an in vivo phosphorus
      nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic study.
AB  - Brain energy metabolism was studied in vivo by means of 31P-NMR spectroscopy in
      newborn mice during and after 20-minutes exposure to either pure carbon dioxide
      gas or nitrogen gas. In the N2 group, the brain ATP concentration remained almost
      normal throughout the experiment, while it showed a 30% reduction in the CO2
      group. The brain concentration of phosphocreatine dropped to about 20% of the
      control value during the asphyxia in both groups, and its recovery was
      significantly delayed in the CO2 group compared to in the N2 group. Tissue
      acidosis and Pi accumulation were more remarkable and prolonged in the CO2 group.

PMID- 3389478
TI  - Malformation or damage of the corpus callosum? A clinical and MRI study.
AB  - Anomalies of the corpus callosum (CC) in children can be subdivided into two main
      categories: Malformations (also known as dysgenesis) and damage to a previously
      well-formed callosum. Pre- or perinatally acquired damage may have a mainly
      vascular, obstructive or hypoxic-ischemic etiology, whereas endotoxins and
      exotoxins might also play a role. Early postnatally acquired CC damage in
      children is mostly of vascular or traumatic origin. In some instances the CC is
      thinned after chronic pressure (e.g. in hydrocephalics). Nineteen of fifty
      children with psychomotor retardation had CC anomalies, most of them suggestive
      of acquired damage. Mild forms of CC anomalies are visible with MRI, but might be
      missed with a CT-scan. Children with acquired CC anomalies have signs of supposed
      Interhemispheric Disconnection (ID), which is partly responsible for their
      clinical syndrome of mental and motor retardation. The likelihood of finding a CC
      anomaly in a child seems to be enhanced by the predictive use of
      neuropsychological tasks indicative for ID.

PMID- 3389479
TI  - An outbreak of trichinosis traced to Alaskan black bear meat.

PMID- 3389480
TI  - Accidental deaths and suicides in southwest Alaska: actual versus official
      numbers.

PMID- 3389481
TI  - A historical perspective on the physiology of carbohydrate loading.

PMID- 3389482
TI  - The Alaska WAMI Program: a preliminary study of factors affecting specialty
      choice and practice location.

PMID- 3389483
TI  - Public health policy in Alaska--who needs it?

PMID- 3389484
TI  - Malpractice and patient alienation.

PMID- 3389486
TI  - [The future of allergy].

PMID- 3389485
TI  - Donor directed blood donation.

PMID- 3389487
TI  - [Biopsy of the skin in chronic urticaria].

PMID- 3389488
TI  - [Dyspeptic pain associated with anaphylaxis].

PMID- 3389489
TI  - [Polymorphous erythema: etiology, treatment and course in 67 patients].

PMID- 3389490
TI  - [Efficiency and safety of anhydrous theophylline in delayed-release microspheres
      in the treatment of bronchial asthma].

PMID- 3389491
TI  - Cord serum IgE in relation to family history and as predictor of atopic disease
      in early infancy.
AB  - Cord serum IgE was assayed by particle counting immunoassay (PACIA) in an
      unselected series of European newborns (n = 190; geom mean = 0.37 IU/ml) and a
      cut-off limit established (greater than or equal to 1.20 IU/ml) for prediction of
      atopy. At control follow-up by questionnaire 18 months after birth, 38 infants
      (20.0%) had developed definite (9.5%) or probable (10.5%) atopy with a
      significant predominance of boys (P less than 0.03). Infants with a positive
      immediate family history (IFH) had a higher risk of developing atopy (P less than
      0.0025) and also had a higher incidence of elevated cord IgE (P less than 0.02)
      than infants with a negative IFH. Maternal atopy influenced cord IgE levels
      significantly (P less than 0.00005), whereas paternal atopy did not (P = 0.23).
      No fetal IgE antibodies against five common allergens could be demonstrated in 36
      cord sera tested. Breast-feeding for 3 months was not sufficient to prevent
      atopic symptoms. The predictive value of cord IgE was high since 26 of 36
      newborns (positive predictive value = 72.2%) with elevated cord IgE had developed
      atopic symptoms before follow-up. Of the 38 infants who developed atopic
      symptoms, 26 had elevated cord IgE (sensitivity = 68.4%) compared to only 10
      (6.6%) of the 152 atopy-free infants (P less than 0.00005). The data indicate
      that elevated cord IgE as determined by PACIA is a good predictor of early-onset
      atopy, better than family history (P less than 0.008), and that primarily
      maternal atopy seems to affect fetal IgE synthesis.

PMID- 3389492
TI  - The spectrum of allergenic pollens in Italy. A computerized method of
      aerobiological monitoring.
AB  - The monitoring of airborne pollens that provoke allergy is of interest to
      clinicians to enable them to correlate chronologically the relationship between
      pollen concentrations in the atmosphere and the symptoms of patients with pollen
      related allergies. In Italy there are now 60 centres for monitoring airborne
      allergenic pollens, the data from which are compiled and filed using software
      developed by the Italian Association of Aerobiology (AIA) and run on personal
      computers. These data are then fed into a central data bank to which all centres
      have access. This information system makes it possible to achieve the following
      objectives: 1) to standardise monitoring methods, 2) to recognise varieties of
      pollen that cause allergies, 3) to improve the exchange and comparison of
      information among operators by compiling the results in graphs, and 4) to notify
      clinicians about atmospheric concentrations of allergenic pollens so that
      improved therapy can be provided.

PMID- 3389493
TI  - Allergy screening including a comparison of prick test results with allergen
      coated lancets (Phazet) and liquid extracts.
AB  - During an allergy screening of families with a history of allergy in one or more
      subjects, skin prick tests (SPT) were performed in duplicate in 314 adults. The
      tests were performed with a new type of lancet with a 0.9 mm long point, loaded
      either with allergen (Phazet) or used together with standardized extracts (10,000
      and 100,000 BU/ml). Wheals obtained with both methods were compared, and related
      to total IgE concentrations and history. A wheal area of 3 and 7 mm2 was used as
      cut-off limit. Results with Phazet were close to those with Pharmalgen 100,000
      BU/ml. With both methods precision was good for allergens, but less for Phazet
      histamine than for the corresponding wet test. SPT results obtained with Phazet
      and 100,000 BU/ml correlated better with history than the results with 10,000
      BU/ml. Using a wheal size of 7 mm2 as cut-off limit the efficiency for five
      tested allergens was 91%. "False positive" tests, possibly indicating an
      unobserved or latent type of allergy, were found more often with higher serum IgE
      concentrations. The safety of SPT was confirmed and Phazet was well accepted by
      nurses and tested subjects.

PMID- 3389494
TI  - Fiberoptic bronchoscopy and bronchial mucosal biopsies in asthmatics undergoing
      long-term high-dose budesonide aerosol treatment.
AB  - Mucosal biopsies from the pharynx, right main stem bronchus and right lower lobe
      were obtained during flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy and were examined with
      light microscopy (LM) and electron microscopy (EM) in 10 asthmatics after 11
      months' (range 7-15 months) treatment with high doses of inhaled budesonide via
      the Nebuhaler, i.e. 1600 micrograms daily. Results were compared with biopsies
      from 10 controls suspected of having focal, malignant lung diseases. Visual
      inspection of the tracheobronchial tree showed no signs of atrophy, ulcerations
      or thrush patches, and LM and EM showed no specific signs of mucosa and
      connective tissue atrophy; however, epithelial desquamation was seen in the
      asthmatics. No complications were observed.

PMID- 3389495
TI  - Prognosis of patients reacting with urticaria to insect sting. Results of an in
      hospital sting challenge.
AB  - Insect sting challenge in 14 patients with urticarial reaction to last insect
      sting resulted in two systemic reactions (95% confidence limits 0-6 patients), a
      reaction rate of 14%. Skin prick test, basophil histamine release, RAST, and
      allergen-specific IgG, alone or in conjunction, could not indicate the patients
      to react systemically after sting challenge. Further, the systemic reactions were
      uninfluenced by type of insect and time elapsed since last insect sting. It is
      concluded that the reaction to future insect stings cannot be predicted by the
      immunological tests presently available.

PMID- 3389496
TI  - [Auditory incapacity in candidates for a driver's license in Spain. Commentaries
      and proposal for a new calculation formula].

PMID- 3389497
TI  - [Ear infections caused by Candida albicans].

PMID- 3389498
TI  - [Computerized rhinomanometric evaluation of normal nasal resistance. Anterior
      technic].

PMID- 3389499
TI  - [Incorporation of a stimulant of the synthesis and secretion of pulmonary
      surfactant (ambroxol) in the medical treatment of serous otitis].

PMID- 3389500
TI  - Electroblotting onto glass-fiber filter from an analytical isoelectrofocusing
      gel: a preparative method for isolating proteins for N-terminal microsequencing.
AB  - A new method has been developed for the isolation of proteins for
      microsequencing. Proteins were separated by isoelectric focusing on
      polyacrylamide slab gels. Ampholytes in the gel were washed out with 3.5% (v/v)
      perchloric acid, and the proteins were electroblotted onto unmodified glass-fiber
      sheets. The immobilized proteins on the glass-fiber sheet were detected with
      Coomassie blue dye staining. The protein bands were then excised from the sheet
      and inserted into a gas phase sequenator for direct sequencing. They could also
      be extracted with sodium dodecyl sulfate buffer for molecular weight
      determination. Bovine serum albumin, beta-lactoglobulin A, and soybean trypsin
      inhibitor have been used as standard proteins for the test of this technique.
      Using this technique, we have determined the partial N-terminal sequence (26
      residues) of an acidic (pI 5.6) glutathione S-transferase isolated from the
      chicken liver.

PMID- 3389501
TI  - Use of "submarine" gel electrophoresis for running multiple two-dimensional
      protein gels.
AB  - An apparatus commonly used for the electrophoresis of submerged agarose gels was
      used to separate proteins in the second dimension, after isoelectric focusing in
      the first dimension. Multiple second-dimension gels were stacked one above the
      other and run horizontally, submerged in the sodium dodecyl sulfate-containing
      Laemmli buffer system. The reproducibility of the gels run under these conditions
      is remarkable and eliminates the need for individual vertical electrophoresis
      units for routine analysis. The units for submerged horizontal gel
      electrophoresis are easily made or are inexpensively available commercially.

PMID- 3389502
TI  - Rapid identification of clones using the same degenerate oligonucleotide mixture
      for both screening and sequencing.
AB  - A simple and rapid strategy for distinguishing between positively hybridizing
      colonies and false positive-hybridization signals is described. The isolation of
      a specific DNA sequence depends on the ability to distinguish between a clone
      that contains the correct sequence and a false hybridization-positive or
      background signal. This procedure utilizes the same oligonucleotide mixture both
      as a screening probe and as a sequencing primer. The mixture of oligonucleotides
      is used as a primer to obtain sequence information directly from double-stranded
      DNA. Conditions for sequencing with oligonucleotides having up to 64-fold
      degeneracy are described. Since the sequence information obtained is directly
      adjacent to the site of oligonucleotide:DNA hybridization, it is necessary to
      know only a minimal length of DNA or peptide sequence to both design
      oligonucleotide probes and confirm the authenticity of the hybridization
      positives. The advantages of the degenerate oligonucleotide sequencing method
      include the rapid, reliable identification of authentic versus false
      hybridization positives made directly without subcloning into single-stranded M13
      phage, without sequencing large regions of DNA, or without synthesizing sequence
      specific primers.

PMID- 3389503
TI  - Separation of calmodulin from calcium-activated protein kinase using calcium
      dependent hydrophobic interaction chromatography.
AB  - To determine whether a Ca2+-activated protein kinase is regulated by calmodulin,
      it is necessary to separate it from endogenous calmodulin and from protein kinase
      activity that is not calcium dependent. We describe here a procedure for
      achieving these goals using Ca2+-dependent hydrophobic interaction chromatography
      on phenyl Sepharose in combination with a pH change. The procedure is based on
      the observation that while calmodulin solubilized from apple fruit membranes
      binds to phenyl Sepharose in a Ca2+-dependent fashion at both pH 7.0 and 8.5,
      Ca2+-activated protein kinase from the same source only shows a Ca2+-dependent
      interaction above pH 7.5. The implications of this finding for the regulation of
      this Ca2+-activated protein kinase are briefly discussed.

PMID- 3389504
TI  - Free malondialdehyde determination in human plasma by high-performance liquid
      chromatography.
AB  - A high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for quantification
      of malondialdehyde (MDA) in human plasma. Deproteinized samples were injected
      onto a Waters carbohydrate analysis column which was eluted with 20% (v/v) 0.03 M
      Tris buffer, pH 7.4, in acetonitrile. Peak absorbancy was measured at 267 nm. In
      contrast to data already published, we did not detect any free MDA in normal
      human plasma. This suggests that the classical thiobarbituric acid test is not
      suitable for the determination of MDA in human plasma.

PMID- 3389505
TI  - Determination of avidin and streptavidin by a modified Bradford method.
AB  - Underestimation of avidin and streptavidin by the Bradford method can be
      alleviated by carrying out the reaction at 100 degrees C for 10-15 min, and the
      protein values thus obtained match very well with those of biotin-binding assays.
      "Thermal modification" is applicable to "standard" and "micro" versions of the
      method and has no effect on the spectral and stability characteristics of the
      protein-dye complexes.

PMID- 3389506
TI  - A high-precision selective determination method for free N-acetylneuraminic acid
      in human serum.
AB  - We established a high-precision selective determination method for free N
      acetylneuraminic acid in human serum, involving capillary gas chromatography-mass
      spectrometry with selected ion monitoring and specific separation on a Sep Pak
      silica cartridge. In contrast to the value of 800 ng/ml of N-acetylneuraminic
      acid previously reported by Haverkamp et al. (J. Haverkamp, R. Schauer, and M.
      Wember (1976) Hoppe-Seyler's Z. Physiol. Chem. 357, 1699), who used the
      thiobarbituric acid method, the present method gave a value of 194 +/- 96 ng/ml
      for 22 serum samples from normal Japanese male volunteers aged between 20 and 30
      years. The mass fragmentogram of serum showed a good signal/noise ratio, and the
      measurement was very specific, accurate, and reproducible.

PMID- 3389507
TI  - An assay for phentolamine using high performance liquid chromatography with
      electrochemical detection.
AB  - A new method is presented for the detection of phentolamine by high performance
      liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. The electrochemical
      detector was used in the oxidative mode at +900 mV potential versus Ag/AgCl
      reference. The on-column detection limit for phentolamine using this method was 3
      ng, and detector response was linear for 3-1000 ng injected on column. The
      coefficient of variation for replicate injections was 2.4%. The measurement of
      phentolamine in biological samples was accomplished using yohimbime as the
      internal standard; retention time for yohimbine was 3.0 min while phentolamine
      eluted at 4.75 min. Biological samples were buffered to pH 9.2 and extracted with
      diethyl ether, followed by back extraction into 0.1 N HCl. The extraction
      efficiency for this method was 99.4% for phentolamine in serum and 59.3% in liver
      tissue. The detection limit for phentolamine was 5 ng/ml for 1.0-ml serum
      samples, and was 10 ng/ml for 1.0-ml liver homogenate samples. The disappearance
      of phentolamine from serum and liver after administration of a single ip dose of
      phentolamine to mice was determined using this method. Absorption from the ip
      route was rapid, with peak phentolamine concentrations achieved in 15 min or
      less. The elimination half-life of phentolamine in serum was approximately 50 min
      and was paralleled by disappearance of phentolamine in the liver.

PMID- 3389508
TI  - Rapid determination of kinetic constants by competitive spectrophotometry.
AB  - The use of competitive spectrophotometry to measure kinetic constants for enzyme
      catalyzed reactions is described. The equation for the progress curve
      characterizing the kinetic behavior of an enzyme acting simultaneously on two
      alternative substrates is derived. By the addition of a competition term to the
      integrated Michaelis-Menten equation, the kinetic constants of an alternative
      substrate can be evaluated by measuring the competition with a substrate of known
      kinetic constants in a single experiment. Studies are presented involving the
      enzymes leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) and carboxypeptidase A (CPA). The results
      obtained with LAP and CPA showed that the kinetic constants determined using
      competitive spectrophotometry were in agreement with values cited in the
      literature or with values determined by single substrate enzyme kinetics.

PMID- 3389509
TI  - Protein interaction with immobilized ligands: quantitative analyses of
      equilibrium partition data and comparison with analytical chromatographic
      approaches using immobilized metal affinity adsorbents.
AB  - Quantitative or analytical affinity chromatography has been successful primarily
      for the analysis of biologically determined macromolecular affinity
      relationships. Quantitative approaches are also needed to better characterize
      simpler, chemically defined immobilized ligands with potential for selective
      interaction with specific, predetermined protein surface groups. Protein
      interaction with immobilized metal is a rather selective and versatile, high
      affinity adsorption technique for which there is little quantitative information.
      Using model protein interactions with immobilized Cu2+ ions, we have compared
      analytical frontal affinity chromatographic methods to a simple,
      nonchromatographic protocol for the rapid determination of quantitative affinity
      relationships. Values obtained for the equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd) and
      binding capacity (Lt) characterizing the interaction of lysozyme with immobilized
      Cu2+ were quite similar by frontal analysis (Kd = 37-42 X 10(-6) M; Lt = 6.8-7.4
      X 10(-6) mol protein/ml gel) and by equilibrium binding analyses (Kd = 33 +/- 4.7
      X 10(-6) M; Lt = 5.8-6.1 X 10(-6) mol protein/ml gel; 14 determinations). The
      interaction of ovalbumin with immobilized Cu2+ was characterized by an affinity
      (Kd = 4.2-4.8 X 10(-6) M) and capacity (Lt = 1.5-2.1 X 10(-6) mol protein/ml gel)
      which were also the same regardless of the method for affinity analysis. These
      values indicate that the total protein bound at saturation corresponds to as much
      as 17% of the total immobilized Cu2+ ions (approximately 40 X 10(-6) mol/ml gel).
      Thus, depending on the fraction of total immobilized Cu2+ available for
      interaction with a given protein (e.g., lysozyme), the number of individual
      immobilized ligands actively participating as well as those rendered unavailable
      upon individual protein binding events may be greater than 1. Linear Scatchard
      plots obtained for both lysozyme and ovalbumin (purified) suggest the presence of
      only a single type of immobilized Cu2+-protein interaction operative under the
      experimental conditions employed. However, Scatchard analyses of data obtained by
      the nonchromatographic equilibrium binding method also demonstrated the ability
      to simultaneously resolve the contribution of two components whose presence was
      predicted by frontal chromatography. Our results support the validity and utility
      of equilibrium binding data analyzed according to the equations outlined by
      Scatchard and others as an alternative to analytical chromatographic methods.

PMID- 3389510
TI  - Radioiodination of proteins and lipoproteins using N-bromosuccinimide as
      oxidizing agent.
AB  - In an attempt to improve conditions for radioiodination of sensitive proteins we
      used N-bromosuccinimide as a mild oxidizing agent. Under gentle conditions we
      increased the average labeling efficiency of a wide variety of proteins to above
      97%. There was no loss of binding activity of low density lipoprotein particles,
      which are most sensitive to oxidation. Depending on high labeling efficiency, our
      method reduces preparation time as well as radioactive waste, costs, and
      irradiation exposure to personnel.

PMID- 3389511
TI  - Protein determination using bicinchoninic acid in the presence of sulfhydryl
      reagents.
AB  - The bicinchoninic acid (BCA) copper reagent, developed for quantification of
      proteins, was found to react with thiol reagents in a linear and reproducible
      manner. The reactivity with thiols closely matched the extinction coefficient
      determined for the Cu(I)-BCA complex [6.6 X 10(3) liters (mol Cu.cm)-1],
      suggesting that the reaction is quantitative. This reaction interferes with the
      accurate determination of protein concentrations. A method was developed for
      determining protein concentrations in the presence of thiol reagents using the
      BCA protein reagent. The procedure involves preincubation of the protein solution
      with iodoacetamide prior to addition of the BCA protein reagent. Iodoacetamide
      does not react with the BCA reagent by itself. In the presence of a 10-fold molar
      excess of iodoacetamide over thiol equivalents, the reaction of the thiol with
      the BCA reagent is prevented. The method is simple and allows the assay of
      solutions of proteins which have been stabilized by the addition of thiol
      reagents.

PMID- 3389513
TI  - Amino acid analysis by dinitrophenylation and reverse-phase high-pressure liquid
      chromatography.
AB  - The determination of amino acids has been achieved by reverse-phase high-pressure
      liquid chromatography of their dinitrophenyl derivatives. The methods developed
      permit the quantitation of all amino acids commonly encountered in a protein
      hydrolysate and the effect of various parameters on this separation was
      systematically evaluated. The procedure eliminates the need for specialized
      postcolumn equipment as employed in conventional amino acid analysis and can be
      obtained by a simple gradient high-pressure chromatograph. The sensitivity
      obtained is comparable to that available by methods in common usage, being able
      to determine amino acids quantitatively in the low picomole range.

PMID- 3389512
TI  - Purification of Forssman and human blood group A glycolipids by affinity
      chromatography on immobilized Helix pomatia lectin.
AB  - A method for the affinity purification of intact glycolipids having nonreducing
      terminal alpha 1-3 linked N-acetylgalatosamine residues has been developed. This
      technique relies on the retention of the carbohydrate-binding specificity of
      immobilized Helix pomatia lectin in aqueous solutions of tetrahydrofuran. Both
      Forssman glycolipid and a mouse blood group A-active hexaosylceramide were bound
      by columns of the lectin equilibrated in a solvent containing 95% tetrahydrofuran
      and 5% water. After application of a step gradient of increasing water content up
      to 50%, the specifically bound glycolipids were eluted in solvent containing N
      acetylgalactosamine. The Forssman and A-active glycolipids were similarly
      purified in a single chromatographic step from total lipid extracts of sheep and
      human type A erythrocyte stroma, respectively. Nonspecifically bound lipids and
      glycolipids were eluted from this column by simply increasing the water content
      of the eluting buffer. The extension of this method to other carbohydrate-binding
      proteins including lectins and monoclonal antibodies may provide a rapid
      purification of glycolipids based on their carbohydrate structures.

PMID- 3389514
TI  - A ligand-receptor binding assay by receptor immobilization.
AB  - Using transferrin-transferrin receptor binding as a model of ligand-receptor
      binding, we have developed a new and simple binding assay for the solubilized
      receptor. Solubilized membrane proteins containing transferrin receptor were
      immobilized by covalent binding to beads having chemical reactive epoxide groups,
      and then 125I-labeled transferrin was added to the beads. Dose-dependent, ligand
      specific, and saturable binding of 125I-labeled transferrin to the immobilized
      membrane proteins were demonstrated and a Scatchard analysis derived affinity of
      Kd = 1.8 X 10(-9) M was obtained. These results indicate that the immobilization
      of receptors onto beads may be useful in a simple binding assay of the
      solubilized receptor.

PMID- 3389515
TI  - Phospholipase A2 assay using an intramolecularly quenched pyrene-labeled
      phospholipid analog as a substrate.
AB  - A phospholipid analog 1-palmitoyl-2-6(pyren-1-yl)hexanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-N-
      (trinitrophenyl)aminoethanol (PPHTE) in which pyrene fluorescence is
      intramolecularly quenched by the trinitrophenyl group was used as a substrate for
      pancreatic phospholipase A2. Upon phospholipase A2 catalyzed hydrolysis of this
      molecule pyrene monomer fluorescence emission intensity increased as a result of
      the transfer of the pyrene fatty acid to the aqueous phase. Optimal conditions
      for phospholipase A2 hydrolysis of PPHTE were similar to those observed earlier
      for other pyrenephospholipids (T. Thuren, J. A. Virtanen, R. Verger, and P. K. J.
      Kinnunen (1987) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 917, 411-417). Although differential
      scanning calorimetry revealed no thermal phase transitions for PPHTE between +5
      and +60 degrees C the Arrhenius plot of the enzymatic hydrolysis of the lipid
      showed a discontinuity at 30 degrees C. The molecular origin of this
      discontinuity remains at present unknown. To study the effects of
      dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) phase transition at 23.9 degrees C on
      phospholipase A2 reaction PPHTE was mixed with DMPC in a molar ratio of 1:200 in
      small unilamellar vesicles. The hydrolysis of DMPC-PPHTE vesicles was measured by
      following the increase in pyrene monomer fluorescence emission due to
      phospholipase A2 action on PPHTE. Below the phase transition of DMPC the
      enzymatic reaction exhibited a hyperbolic behavior. At the transition as well as
      at slightly higher temperatures a lag period was observed. The longest lag period
      was approximately 20 min. Above 26 degrees C no lag time could be observed.
      However, the reaction rates were slower than below the phase transition
      temperature.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3389516
TI  - Routine detection of calcium-binding proteins following their adsorption to
      nitrocellulose membrane filters.
AB  - A routine semiquantitative procedure which permits soluble calcium-binding
      proteins to be detected following their adsorption to nitrocellulose membrane
      filters by liquid scintillation counting of specifically bound 45Ca is described.
      Proteins with high affinity for calcium such as calmodulin and troponin can be
      detected with a detection threshold of about 2 micrograms per 400 microliter.
      Modifications to decrease this limit are feasible and are discussed. This
      technique should allow calcium-binding proteins of unknown function to be assayed
      during their purification. It was necessary to treat solutions containing 45Ca
      with chelex-100 in order to prevent loss of calcium binding which occurred as the
      decay product (Sc3+) accumulated, suggesting that all studies utilizing 45Ca as a
      tracer should evaluate possible interference by this ion.

PMID- 3389517
TI  - Assays for malonyl-coenzyme A synthase.

PMID- 3389518
TI  - Monosaccharide analysis of glycoconjugates by anion exchange chromatography with
      pulsed amperometric detection.
AB  - The method of anion exchange chromatography followed by pulsed amperometric
      detection (AE-PAD; Johnson, D. C., and Polta, T. Z. (1986) Chromatogr. Forum 1,
      37-44) has been applied to the compositional analysis of glycoconjugates. Using
      22 mM NaOH as a column effluent, underivatized fucose, galactosamine,
      glucosamine, galactose, glucose, and mannose were readily separated in 15 min at
      a flow rate of 1 ml/min. The limit of quantification of the monosaccharides was
      better than 100 pmol (signal to noise ratio 184:1). AE-PAD was employed to
      quantify the monosaccharides of several glycoproteins, glycopeptides, and
      oligosaccharides after hydrolysis with 2 M trifluoroacetic acid. Both neutral and
      amino sugars could be rapidly estimated in a single chromatographic step using AE
      PAD. Complete release of N-acetylglucosamine required more vigorous hydrolysis
      conditions (Lee, Y. C. (1972) in Methods in Enzymology (Ginsburg, V., Ed.), Vol.
      28, pp. 63-73, Academic Press, New York). In both glycopeptides and
      oligosaccharides, approximately one less residue of Man than predicted was
      determined. Both AE-PAD and liquid chromatographic analysis of borate
      monosaccharide complexes with fluorometric detection (Mikami, H., and Ishida, Y.
      (1983) Bunseki Kagaku 32, E207-E210) gave similar quantification of mannose and
      other sugars. The capability of rapid, sensitive quantification of underivitized
      monosaccharides should facilitate structural analysis of glycoconjugates.

PMID- 3389519
TI  - Preparation of 6-125I-labeled amiloride derivatives.
AB  - Amiloride and certain of its derivatives are effective inhibitors of Na/H
      antiporters and of epithelial Na channels. We describe a simple method for the
      preparation of a variety of pharmacologically active 6-iodoamiloride derivatives
      that are labeled with 125I at high specific radioactivity. 6-Dechloroamiloride
      derivatives (bearing a hydrogen atom instead of the chlorine at the 6 position of
      the amiloride molecule) are reacted with 125ICl, prepared by the oxidation of the
      iodide in Na125I preparations. The 125I-labeled derivatives are separated from
      free 125I by anion exchange chromatography, or purified by thin layer
      chromatography. Both 6-dechloroamiloride and 5-(N-alkyl)-6-dechloroamiloride
      derivatives can be labeled by this method, with yields varying between 10 and
      70%, depending on the ICl concentration and the structure of the 5-N-alkyl group.
      Efficient radiolabeling at high specific radioactivity also depends on the use of
      freshly prepared batches of 125I. Using carrier-free 125I, [125I]6-iodoamiloride
      and [125I]6-iodo-5-(N-tert-butyl)amiloride were prepared with yields of 27 and
      22%, respectively. Potential applications of the 125I-labeled amiloride
      derivatives include ligand binding and affinity labeling experiments.

PMID- 3389520
TI  - Determination of microsomal lauric acid hydroxylase activity by HPLC with flow
      through radiochemical quantitation.
AB  - An assay for the microsomal hydroxylation of lauric acid (LA), based on HPLC with
      flow-through radiochemical detection, has been developed. Conditions were
      optimized for resolution and quantitation of three microsomal metabolites of LA,
      one of which has not been reported previously as a metabolite of LA in mammalian
      microsomal incubations. These products, 12-(omega)-hydroxy-LA, 11-(omega-1)
      hydroxy-LA, and a novel metabolite, 10-(omega-2)-hydroxy-LA, were isolated by
      HPLC and identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. In the presence of
      NADPH, the formation of all three metabolites was linear with time and microsomal
      protein concentration. Hydrogen peroxide also supported the microsomal metabolism
      of LA, although the ratio of metabolites was substantially different than that
      produced by NADPH-supported microsomes. Several biochemical probes (metyrapone,
      alpha-naphthoflavone, 2-diethylaminoethyl-2,2-diphenylvalerate hydrochloride, and
      10-undecynoic acid) were used to dissociate the three LA hydroxylase activities.
      These experiments suggest that the site-specific hydroxylation [omega-, (omega-1)
      , (omega-2)-] of LA may be catalyzed by different isozymes of cytochrome P-450.

PMID- 3389521
TI  - Chemical synthesis of deuterated folate monoglutamate and in vivo assessment of
      urinary excretion of deuterated folates in man.
AB  - the synthesis and in vivo application of stable-isotopically labeled folic acid
      was investigated to devise methods suitable for studies of folate metabolism in
      human subjects. Glutamate-labeled tetradeutero-pteroylglutamic acid (d4-folic
      acid) was prepared by mixed anhydride coupling of N10-trifluoroacetylpteroic acid
      and dimethyl L-[3,3,4,4-2H4]glutamic acid, saponification in sodium deuteroxide,
      and chromatographic purification. Retention of the isotopic label was verified by
      proton NMR and mass spectrometry of the para-aminobenzoylglutamic acid product of
      C9-N10 bond cleavage. A method was devised for determination of of isotopic
      enrichment of urinary d4-folates derived from orally administered d4-folic acid
      using affinity chromatographic purification, chemical cleavage of the C9-N10
      bond, HPLC isolation of the p-[2H4]aminobenzoylglutamate product, followed by
      negative-ion chemical-ionization gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Data
      concerning the urinary excretion of d4-folates derived from an oral dose of d4
      folic acid in an adult human are presented.

PMID- 3389523
TI  - Histochemical examination of the vaginal epithelium of sows at various stages of
      the estrus cycle.

PMID- 3389522
TI  - Morphogenesis of the epithelium and the lamina propria of the rumen in bovine
      fetuses and neonates.

PMID- 3389524
TI  - Motor neuron organization and corticospinal fibers in the cervical intumescence
      of the raccoon (Procyon lotor) spinal cord.

PMID- 3389525
TI  - Afferent and efferent fibres in the putative caudal cutaneous femoral nerve in
      the sheep.

PMID- 3389526
TI  - Comparative thickness of the medulla of Bos taurus and Bos indicus kidneys.

PMID- 3389527
TI  - Growth of body weight and length of bovine fetuses.

PMID- 3389528
TI  - [Osteology of the paca (Cuniculus paca) waist and limbs].

PMID- 3389529
TI  - Meeting of the American Association of Veterinary Anatomists. Madison, Wisconsin,
      U.S.A., July 16-18, 1987. Abstracts.

PMID- 3389530
TI  - Fine structural peculiarities of the pectoral fin dermoskeleton of two
      brachiopterygii, Polypterus senegalus and Calamoichthys calabaricus (Pisces,
      Osteichthyes).
AB  - The features of the dermal skeleton of the pectoral fins of two Brachiopterygii,
      Polypterus senegalus and Calamoichthys calabaricus, have been studied by light
      and electron microscopy. The components studied are the ganoine-covered
      lepidotrichia segments and the distally located actinotrichia, the features of
      which are similar to those in teleosts. An irregular patch of ganoine susceptible
      to erosion by vascular canals lies on top of the cellular bone of the upper
      surface of the segment. It is separated from the stratified epidermis by an
      organic intermediate layer in place of the dermoepidermal interface. This layer
      is interpreted as "anti-slip pad" or elastic glue anchoring the epidermis on the
      hypermineralized ganoine. Such components are also observed in ganoid scales,
      although embryological data fail to support that lepidotrichial segments are
      modified scales. The lack of dentin in lepidotrichia emphasizes the tendency
      during evolution toward the reduction of some dermoskeletal components and
      exemplifies ganoine deposition directly on top of the bone as in holostei scales.
      The participation of neural crest cells in development of the dermal skeleton is
      discussed by way of the repartition of the odontods within the pectoral fin.

PMID- 3389531
TI  - Distribution of esterase activity at the level of the epithelium of the diffusely
      infiltrated area (DIA) and of the cloaca in the Gallus domesticus: an
      ultrastructural study.
AB  - Esterase activity studies on the areas of lymphoid infiltration in the bursa of
      Fabricius (diffusely infiltrated area) and the dorsal wall of the cloaca showed
      that the epithelial cells exhibit varying degrees of diffuse esterase activity;
      it was possible to demonstrate the presence of spot-like esterase positivity in
      star-shaped cells in the epithelium itself. These cells can be found at various
      levels from the proximal to the distal region and have also been observed in the
      connective tissue of the tunica propria; as a result, the hypothesis has been
      advanced that they are connective tissue.

PMID- 3389532
TI  - Structure of the complex basement membrane underlying the epithelium of the vas
      deferens in the rat.
AB  - Underlying the epithelium of the vas deferens there is a complex basement
      membrane showing a thick lamina densa separated from the plasma membrane of
      epithelial cells by a lamina lucida. On the connective tissue side of the lamina
      densa, there are plaques composed of a material that is similar to that of the
      lamina densa but is more compact and has a greater electron density. This
      material also forms plaques at a short distance from the lamina densa, where it
      appears as irregular nodular masses. The plaques are bridged by striated
      anchoring fibrils (SAF) that are variable in structure. Some SAF are long (0.5
      0.6 micron) and bilaterally symmetrical, with a central fusiform segment and, on
      each side, coarsely banded segments. While the fusiform segment presents 5 or 6
      diffuse cross striations, the coarsely banded segments show distinct bands
      labeled B1-B4. Shorter SAF show a coarsely banded segment alone or a coarsely
      banded segment plus a fusiform segment. Some SAF also branch at the level of the
      fusiform segments, in which case they form star-shaped structures with three or
      more branches that have their extremities inserted into plaques. The plaques, as
      well as the lamina densa, are immunohistochemically reactive to type IV collagen,
      laminin, and heparan sulfate proteoglycan, whereas the SAF are not immunoreactive
      to these substances. SAF and plaques, considered as integral components of this
      basement membrane, form a series of arches or open tunnels traversed by collagen
      fibrils. It is thus apparent that these elements contribute to the attachment of
      the basement membrane and the overlying epithelium to the underlying dense
      connective tissue of the lamina propria.

PMID- 3389533
TI  - Lung lamellar body amphiphilic topography: a morphological evaluation using the
      continuum theory of liquid crystals: I. Closed surfaces: closed spheres,
      concentric tori, and Dupin cyclides.
AB  - The structure and symmetry of the bilayers of in vivo phospholipid lung lamellar
      bodies is shown to be analogous to thermotropic smectic-A liquid crystals and in
      vitro lyotropic multilamellar liquid crystalline liposomes. This structural
      similarity has led us to extend biophysical and geometrical principles that have
      long been used to predict the layer conformation in these in vitro systems to in
      vivo lung lamellar bodies. These configurations were demonstrated by electron
      micrographs of thin sections of rodent, monkey, and human lung lamellar bodies
      prepared by lipid-retaining embedment procedures. The bilayer configurations in
      all species were consistent with the two geometries predicted by minimal energy
      solutions of a continuum theory of liquid crystals subject to the boundary
      conditions imposed by the amphiphilic nature of lung surfactant lipid: concentric
      (either closed or partially closed) spheres and Dupin cyclides. These bilayer
      arrangements in lung lamellar bodies were virtually identical to the bilayer
      configuration of in vitro multilamellar liposomes. The agreement between the two
      predicted configurations and our observations shows that multilamellar liquid
      crystalline bilayer aggregate organization is universal in any aqueous
      environment.

PMID- 3389534
TI  - Lung lamellar body amphiphilic topography: a morphological evaluation using the
      continuum theory of liquid crystals: II. Disclinations, edge dislocations, and
      irregular defects.
AB  - The bilayers in normal mammalian and human lung multilamellar bodies (LMB) are
      parallel, equally spaced, and continuous--a configuration that minimizes the
      large elastic strain energy associated with changing the equilibrium bilayer
      separation and the hydrophobic-hydrophilic repulsion energy between the
      hydrocarbon tails of phospholipid and the aqueous phase. This ideal behavior is
      disrupted at a limited population of large Burgers vector edge dislocations
      dissociated into +/- 1/2 disclination pairs. The configuration and interaction of
      the defects are explained by the continuum theory of liquid crystals and are
      shown to be identical to defects observed in in vitro surfactant liposomes and
      bilayers. We report the first observations with molecular resolution of the core
      structure of a liquid crystal dislocation. Defect cores are shown to be located
      between both headgroups and tailgroups in human LMB, suggesting that both types
      of core are similar in energy. This may be the result of partitioning of proteins
      or other nonlipid impurities in the LMB to the defect cores, which might also
      change the stability of the dislocations to favor their preservation. The edge
      dislocation defects interact in ways that minimize their overall strain energy. A
      population of edge dislocations may play an important role in the transport or
      localization of certain molecules through the lamellar body. Certain defects were
      observed in lung multilamellar bodies that have not been observed in in vitro
      systems; these are probably due to the complex, multicomponent nature of the LMB
      surfactant and the dynamic, in vivo environment of the LMB.

PMID- 3389535
TI  - Stochastic morphological model of the rat lung.
AB  - The laboratory rat is often used as a human surrogate in aerosol inhalation
      studies. Here we present a new stochastic model for the rat lung analogous to
      that for the human lung. Morphometric data on the tracheobronchial geometry of
      the rat lung provided by the Lovelace Inhalation Toxicology Research Institute
      were analyzed. The results of this statistical analysis reveal significant
      differences in diameters and branching angles between major and minor daughter
      tubes starting from the same bifurcation. As a consequence of the more monopodial
      airway branching in the rat lung compared to the more dichotomous structure of
      the human lung, we recommend classifying the rat lung airways by their diameters
      and not by generation numbers. The distributions of the geometric airway
      parameters and the correlations among them will be used for Monte Carlo
      deposition calculations.

PMID- 3389536
TI  - Tracheobronchial epithelium of the sheep: III. Carbohydrate histochemical and
      cytochemical characterization of secretory epithelial cells.
AB  - We examined histochemically (light microscopy-LM) and cytochemically (electron
      microscopy-EM) the secretory epithelial cells in the tracheobronchial mucosa of
      sheep. Six morphologically distinct, granule-containing cells have been
      described, on the basis of their morphology and airway distribution: four mucous
      (M1-M4), serous (SC), and Clara (CC). Stereological and morphometric data
      indicated that M3, M4, SC, and CC were distinctly different from each other and
      from M1 and M2 cells. Mucous cells M1 and M2 differed in granule morphology.
      Samples of tracheas, sixth-generation bronchi, distal bronchi, and terminal
      bronchioles of 18 adult sheep were examined. At the LM level, methacrylate
      sections were reacted with an alcian blue (pH 2.5), periodic acid Schiff (PAS)
      sequence to differentiate neutral from acidic glycoconjugates (GC), and a high
      iron diamine (HID), alcian blue sequence to differentiate sulfated from
      nonsulfated (sialylated) GC. At the EM level the periodic acid-thiocarbohydrazide
      localized hexose-rich, neutral GC. Dialyzed iron (DI) and high-iron diamine
      localized carboxylated and sulfated GC, respectively. Granules of all but Clara
      cells were PAS-positive. All mucous cells contained acidic groups, but only M1
      and M4 cells had LM-detectable sulfated GC. At the ultrastructural level, minimal
      but discernible HID and LID reaction product was observed on granule profiles of
      M2, M3, and SC, indicating acidic and sulfated GC not detected at the LM level.
      Histochemically, the sheep tracheobronchial epithelium was more similar to that
      of humans than some other examined mammalian species.

PMID- 3389537
TI  - Photoperiodic influence on the morphology and the androgen receptor level of the
      ventral prostate gland and seminal vesicles of the Djungarian hamster (Phodopus
      sungorus).
AB  - The influence of long (light:darkness LD 16:8) and short (LD 8:16) photoperiods
      on the morphology of the ventral prostate gland and the seminal vesicles of the
      Djungarian hamster was investigated. At LD 8:16, the wet weight of the glands was
      reduced to 15-20% of the values found in animals living in LD 16:8 conditions,
      the protein content was reduced to 3-4%. The glands showed distinct signs of
      atrophy and inactivity under short-day conditions. The androgen receptor levels
      were determined in both accessory sex glands. The receptor levels were comparable
      in both glands; the absolute values related to the whole glands remained about
      constant in animals living in long and short photoperiods despite a reduction of
      the androgen levels in short photoperiods.

PMID- 3389538
TI  - Sperm morphology in fertile men and its age related variation.
AB  - The different kinds of abnormalities of spermatozoa and their age related
      variations are studied in a population of 214 fertile men. Coiled tails (7%),
      bent tails (5.2%), thin heads (2.6%), microcephalic (2.6%), cytoplasmic droplets
      (2.5%), irregular heads (2%), macrocephalic (0.9%), duplicated heads (0.7%) and
      duplicated tails (0.5%) are found in this order. Age is positively correlated
      with the percentage of microcephalic, macrocephalic and duplicate heads and
      coiled tails and negatively correlated with the percentage of no tail
      spermatozoa: these age-related variations are involved in the 90th percentile.

PMID- 3389539
TI  - [Proved fertility with severe oligozoospermia].
AB  - There are described findings in a paternity case in which a 29 years old man had
      repeatedly a severe oligozoospermia in his ejaculate and distinctly subnormal
      size of both testicles. On the basis of the investigation of HLA system of the
      accused, the mother and child it was concluded in the expert evidence that the
      accused was able to impregnate a woman.

PMID- 3389540
TI  - Scanning electron microscopic observations on the epithelium of the human spongy
      urethra.
AB  - The human spongy urethras of individuals submitted to emasculation because of
      glans carcinoma have been studied by means of scanning electron microscopy. The
      luminal surface of the organ shows longitudinal folds and small glandular
      openings, surrounded by epithelial elements arranged in form of rosettes.
      Spermatozoa, partially degenerated, adhere to the epithelium. The slightly
      prominent apices of the superficial epithelial cells are more or less polygonal
      in shape and covered with short microvilli among which small granules as possible
      morphological expression of a secretory activity are detectable. Only seldom
      microplicae, intermingled with microvilli, can be observed. Additionally, some
      apices appear swollen and protrude into the lumen. Such a pattern may be
      escalated so that a cell seems to transform itself into a globular mass and then
      is expulsed from the epithelial surface. Sometimes an epithelial cell appears
      empty of its contents: only the crumpled plasmalemma remains. This may represent
      the morphological expression of an apocrine or holocrine secretory activity of
      the superficial epithelium. In few cases, the proximal portion of the spongy
      urethra shows small groups of ciliated elements.

PMID- 3389541
TI  - Ca2+ is essential for the motility of plasma membrane-intact, but not of
      demembranated, hamster spermatozoa.
AB  - Extracellular Ca2+ is essential for the flagellar motility of membrane-intact
      hamster spermatozoa. When suspended in a medium completely free of Ca2+, most
      spermatozoa quickly lost their motility, and remained motionless until they were
      transferred back to Ca2+-containing medium. The motility could not be restored
      after the spermatozoa had been in Ca2+-free medium for more than 2 hr. Unlike
      membrane-intact spermatozoa, demembranated spermatozoa (spermatozoa without
      plasma membranes) exhibited active movement in Ca2+-free medium, and their
      motility was inhibited by Ca2+. In view of these facts, we suggest that the
      "hyperactivated motility" which membrane-intact spermatozoa display upon
      capacitation may be due to the activation of a Ca2+-dependent adenylate cyclase
      (and the resultant increase in intracellular cAMP), rather than being a direct
      effect of a rise in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration.

PMID- 3389542
TI  - ATP-content and kinetics of acrosome reaction in human spermatozoa: influence of
      various culture media and incubation time.
AB  - The ATP content and the kinetics of acrosome reaction of isolated human
      spermatozoa were investigated during an in vitro culture period of 3 hours in 3
      serum-enriched media commonly adopted in IVF and GIFT procedures (Earle solution,
      Ham F10 and Menezo B2). The ATP concentration in spermatozoa did not change
      between 1 and 3 hr of incubation and no differences were seen using the three
      media under investigation. The percentage of acrosome reactions significantly
      increased during culture, to a similar extent in the three media. The results
      suggest that each of the three media is equally well suitable for human sperm
      culture in preparation of IVF and GIFT procedures.

PMID- 3389543
TI  - Effects of halothane, enflurane, and isoflurane on coronary vascular tone,
      myocardial performance, and oxygen consumption during controlled changes in
      aortic and left atrial pressure. Studies on isolated working rat hearts in vitro.
AB  - The effects of equi-anesthetic concentrations of halothane (HAL, n = 11),
      enflurane (ENF, n = 11) and isoflurane (ISO, n = 10) on cardiac function were
      studied and compared with a control group (n = 12) in isolated paced rat hearts
      by means of an antegrade heart perfusion technique. Left atrial pressure (LAP)
      and mean aortic pressure (MAP) could be altered independently of each other, and
      aortic flow, coronary flow (CF), and po2 in venous coronary effluent were
      continuously recorded. Stroke volume (SV), myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2),
      and myocardial oxygen extraction were calculated: 1) MAP was altered from 60 to
      120 mmHg at a constant LAP (7.5 mmHg), and 2) LAP was varied from 4 to 12.5 mmHg
      at a constant MAP (80 mmHg). Left ventricular function curves (LVFC) were
      constructed and the maximal SV (SVmax) was obtained. The LAP needed to perform
      75% of the maximal SV (LAP0.75) was estimated to assess the effect of the
      anesthetics on diastolic function. HAL ENF and ISO decreased SVmax significantly
      compared to control. This decrease was more pronounced for HAL (41%) compared to
      both ENF (26%) and ISO (26%). Accordingly, SV, at various levels of MAP, at a
      constant LAP, was significantly lower for HAL than for both ENF and ISO, while
      there was no significant difference between the latter two. None of the
      anesthetics shifted the LVFC to the right, i.e., did not affect diastolic
      properties. HAL induced the most pronounced decrease in MVO2, while there was no
      significant difference between ENF and ISO in this respect. Coronary flow (CF),
      at controlled perfusion pressures, decreased significantly with HAL but not with
      ENF or ISO compared to control. CF was significantly higher with ISO compared to
      both ENF and HAL. HAL and ISO, but not ENF, decreased myocardial oxygen
      extraction significantly compared to control and, thus, increased the myocardial
      oxygen supply-to-demand ratio.

PMID- 3389544
TI  - Auditory alarms during anesthesia monitoring.

PMID- 3389545
TI  - Prevention of hypokalemia during axillary nerve block with 1% lidocaine and
      epinephrine 1:100,000.

PMID- 3389546
TI  - Increased masticatory muscle stiffness during limb muscle flaccidity associated
      with succinylcholine administration.
AB  - The resistance of mouth opening to a constant force of 1.7 N was measured in 44
      pediatric subjects anesthetized with enflurane and paralyzed with succinylcholine
      or vecuronium. Measurements were made during a deep level of anesthesia before
      relaxant administration, immediately after the loss of the adductor pollicis
      muscle twitch and 45 s later. In 22 patients receiving succinylcholine, there was
      a significant reduction in mean mouth opening (from 16.9 +/- 2.8 to 12.6 +/- 4.3
      to 13.0 +/- 4.3 mm; P less than 0.0005) and an increase in jaw stiffness (from
      102.3 +/- 21.9 to 154.5 +/- 77.4 to 150.5 +/- 77.0 Nm/degree; P less than 0.02)
      immediately after disappearance of the evoked thenar muscle twitch, as well as 45
      s later. In six patients receiving succinylcholine, measurements were continued
      at 1 min intervals; mouth opening reduction and jaw stiffness increase lasted up
      to 10 min and extended beyond the return of visible twitch. One patient had a
      reduction of mouth opening from 20 to less than 1 mm; his corresponding jaw
      stiffness changed from 83.4 to 3335.4 Nm/degree. This patient, considered by us
      to have masseter spasm, required several attempts at tracheal intubation due to
      an increased resistance to mouth opening, as did one other patient. Patients
      receiving vecuronium showed a significant (P less than 0.02) increase of mouth
      opening 45 s following loss of twitch (from 19.8 +/- 3.6 to 20.9 +/- 4.1 mm; jaw
      stiffness changed from 87.0 +/- 15.3 to 83.0 +/- 17.2 Nm/degree). Anesthesia and
      surgery proceeded normally; in most patients, in excess of 1 h.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3389547
TI  - Anesthesia for cerebral aneurysm surgery: use of induced hypertension in patients
      with symptomatic vasospasm.

PMID- 3389548
TI  - Unplanned intraoperative and postoperative hemodilution: oxygen transport and
      consumption during severe anemia.

PMID- 3389549
TI  - Scanning electron microscopic examination of resterilized 29-gauge spinal
      needles.

PMID- 3389550
TI  - An angulated laryngoscope for routine and difficult tracheal intubation.

PMID- 3389551
TI  - Neuromuscular function monitoring comparing the flexor hallucis brevis and
      adductor pollicis muscles.

PMID- 3389552
TI  - Placement of multiorificed CVP catheters via antecubital veins using
      intravascular electrocardiography.

PMID- 3389553
TI  - Additional comments regarding an anesthesiology-based postoperative pain service.

PMID- 3389554
TI  - Arrow brachial CVP air aspirating catheter placement with the IVECG technique.

PMID- 3389555
TI  - Minimizing movement-induced changes in twitch response during integrated
      electromyography.

PMID- 3389556
TI  - Arrhythmogenic threshold of epinephrine during sevoflurane, enflurane, and
      isoflurane anesthesia in dogs.

PMID- 3389557
TI  - How to make tape stick to sandpaper.

PMID- 3389558
TI  - A method of facilitating intravenous regional bretylium.

PMID- 3389559
TI  - Detecting cyanosis in children.

PMID- 3389560
TI  - Increasing the margin of safety in positioning left-sided double-lumen
      endotracheal tubes.

PMID- 3389561
TI  - Is coronary vascular reserve really not affected by volatile anesthetics?

PMID- 3389562
TI  - Management of an intravascular epidural catheter.

PMID- 3389563
TI  - Myocardial tolerance to total ischemia in the dog anesthetized with halothane or
      isoflurane.
AB  - Myocardial tolerance to total ischemia was compared in animals anesthetized with
      halothane or isoflurane by measuring the time required for development of cardiac
      rigor in the absence of coronary circulation or wall stress. Sixteen dogs, eight
      in each group, were anesthetized with equally potent inspired concentrations of
      either halothane (2 MAC) or isoflurane (2 MAC), intubated, and ventilated. Thirty
      minutes later, the heart was rapidly excised. A left ventricular slab was
      prepared and maintained at 37 degrees C. A portion of each slab was placed in a
      compressibility gauge that detects rigor onset by an abrupt increase in
      resistance to tissue deformation. Subendocardial tissue pressure was continuously
      measured in a second slab using needle-tipped Millar pressure transducers. A
      third slab was used for intermittent tissue sampling and HPLC assay of high
      energy nucleotide levels. There were no differences in pre-ischemic heart rate,
      mean arterial pressure, glucose, lactate, PO2, PCO2, pH, plasma epinephrine, or
      norepinephrine levels between the two groups. The onset of rigor as measured by
      the compressibility gauge was delayed in the halothane group (68 +/- 7.2 vs. 60
      +/- 5.0 min; P less than .05). Tissue ATP and ADP levels declined throughout the
      period of ischemia, with a trend towards preservation in the halothane group. The
      data show that myocardial tolerance to total normothermic ischemia is improved in
      animals anesthetized with halothane compared to isoflurane, independent of the
      effects on hemodynamics or collateral coronary circulation.

PMID- 3389564
TI  - Optimization of respiratory muscle relaxation during mechanical ventilation.
AB  - The authors calculated the active work of inspiration (Wp) and the inspiratory
      muscle pressure-time product (integral of Pmus.dt) in seven patients undergoing
      mechanical ventilation (MV). This was done by comparing the areas under the
      inflation pressure-volume and inflation pressure-time curves generated when the
      patient was contributing to the work of ventilation with those following
      sedation, when inspiratory muscle activity was absent (defined as absence of
      diaphragmatic EMG activity and of palpable accessory muscle contraction).
      Inspiratory muscle inactivity could be predicted by the observation of a smooth
      rise in inflation pressure that was highly reproducible from breath to breath.
      Relaxation was present without sedation during MV in the control mode with
      inspiratory flow rates above 65 1/min. In the assist mode (AMV), both Wp and
      integral of Pmus.dt were significantly (P less than 0.05) greater than in the
      control (CMV) mode. Reducing trigger sensitivity during AMV further increased Wp
      and integral of Pmus.dt (P less than 0.05). During AMV and CMV Wp and integral of
      Pmus.dt decreased with increasing rate of inspiratory flow delivered by the
      ventilator. With AMV at low trigger sensitivity and low flow rates, Wp approached
      65% of the total inspiratory work. The authors conclude that inspiratory muscle
      activity can be substantial during MV, particularly during AMV at low trigger
      sensitivity and flow. Monitoring of inflation pressure is a simple means of
      determining the degree of inspiratory muscle rest during MV.

PMID- 3389565
TI  - The site of origin of the intravascular electrocardiogram recorded from
      multiorificed intravascular catheters.
AB  - Successful retrieval of venous air emboli via central venous catheters requires
      accurate placement of the distal tip of the catheter. The distal tip of single
      orificed central venous catheters can be precisely located using intravenous
      electrocardiography (IVECG). However, the site of origin of the IVECG complex
      with multiorificed central venous catheters is not well known. In this study, the
      site of origin of the IVECG complex deriving from the wire within a multiorificed
      Arrow Antecubital Central Venous Catheterization Kit, the same Arrow catheter
      type without wire, and a multiorificed Cook Bunegin-Albin CVP Kit was determined
      in ten anesthetized dogs. The IVECG was found to originate from the distal
      portion of the Arrow wire whether the distal tip of the wire was within the
      distal segment of the Arrow multiorificed catheter, at the tip of the catheter,
      or protruding several cm from the tip of the catheter. When the Arrow
      multiorificed catheter (without wire) was used to determine the IVECG, the mean
      site of origin of the IVECG was 1.7 +/- 1.2 cm (mean +/- SD) proximal to the
      distal catheter tip. When the Cook multiorificed catheter (without wire) was used
      to determine the IVECG, the mean site of origin of the IVECG was 2.5 +/- 0.6 cm
      proximal to the distal catheter tip. Knowledge of the site of origin of the IVECG
      with the Arrow and Cook multiorificed catheters should permit the distal tips of
      these catheters to be placed in locations where efficient retrieval of venous air
      emboli is likely.

PMID- 3389566
TI  - Outcome following posterior fossa craniectomy in patients in the sitting or
      horizontal positions.
AB  - Controversy continues to surround the use of the sitting position for
      neurosurgical procedures. This retrospective review of 579 posterior fossa
      craniectomies performed over a 4-yr period from 1981 through 1984 examines
      outcome following these procedures performed with the patients in either the
      sitting (n = 333) or horizontal (supine, prone, lateral, park bench) (n = 246)
      position. Multiple preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative variables were
      analyzed. Venous air embolism occurred significantly more often in patients in
      the sitting position (45% versus 12%). However, no morbidity or mortality was
      attributed to venous air embolism. The incidence of hypotension with positioning
      was not different by position (19% in the sitting patients and 24% in the
      horizontal patients). Average blood replacement was significantly lower in the
      sitting patients (359 ml versus 507 ml), and the incidence of transfusion of
      greater than two units of blood was significantly higher in the horizontal
      patients (13% versus 3%). Postoperative cranial nerve function was significantly
      better in patients in the sitting group as compared to those in the horizontal
      group. The incidence of perioperative cardiopulmonary complications was not
      different between groups. These outcome data suggest that there are potential
      advantages and disadvantages of both the sitting and horizontal positions without
      supporting a significantly increased morbidity or mortality associated with
      either position.

PMID- 3389567
TI  - Isoflurane causes more severe regional myocardial dysfunction than halothane in
      dogs with a critical coronary artery stenosis.
AB  - The effects of 1) isoflurane (ISO)- and halothane (HAL)-induced hypotension to a
      mean aortic pressure (AoP) of 55 mmHg, and 2) of substituting ISO and HAL for
      each other at a mean AoP of 55 mmHg on global and regional left ventricular
      performance (ultrasonic dimension technique) and on coronary hemodynamics
      (electromagnetic flow probes) were studied in eight open-chest dogs (anesthetized
      and paralyzed by continuous infusions of fentanyl and pancuronium) with a
      critical coronary artery stenosis (micrometer-controlled snare) of the left
      anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). The stenosis reduced resting coronary
      blood flow by 5% (P less than 0.05) without affecting global or regional
      myocardial performance. HAL- and ISO-induced hypotension caused comparable
      decreases in global cardiac function, but regional myocardial dysfunction in the
      area of stenosis and the reduction in coronary flow through the stenosed LAD were
      more pronounced during ISO. Substitution of HAL for ISO at constant mean AoP,
      heart rate, end-diastolic dimensions and pressures, and stroke volume resulted in
      significant (P less than or equal to 0.05) amelioration of regional myocardial
      dysfunction (improvement in contraction amplitude, disappearance of paradoxical
      systolic lengthening and akinesis), a 20% increase in flow through the stenosed
      LAD, and a 20% decrease in flow through the unobstructed left circumflex coronary
      artery. These data suggest that, in the presence of a critical coronary artery
      stenosis: 1) ISO- and HAL-associated hypotension result in comparable decreases
      in global cardiac function, 2) ISO-associated hypotension is more likely to cause
      severe regional myocardial dysfunction suggestive of ischemia than equal degrees
      of HAL-associated hypotension, and 3) the different effects of HAL and ISO on
      ischemic myocardial segments at equally reduced coronary perfusion pressure are
      primarily related to their different effects on coronary vasomotor tone.

PMID- 3389568
TI  - MAC of I-653 in beagle dogs and New Zealand white rabbits.
AB  - The minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of I-653 was determined in six beagle
      dogs and four New Zealand white rabbits. The MAC values (+/- SD) were 7.2 +/- 1.0
      atm % for dogs and 8.9 +/- 0.3 atm % for rabbits. Comparison of these results
      with published MAC values for other anesthetics indicate that I-653 is one-third
      to one-eighth as potent as currently available volatile anesthetics (enflurane,
      isoflurane, and halothane). From these data and previous reports, human MAC was
      projected to be approximately 5.1 atm %.

PMID- 3389569
TI  - Thrombocytopenia in an HIV-seropositive infant.

PMID- 3389570
TI  - IgE and IgG antibodies in Toxocara canis infection. A clinical evaluation.
AB  - The relationship between IgE and IgG antibodies against the metabolic exoantigen
      of Toxocara canis (TEX antigen) in sera of selected patients with the ocular and
      visceral form of the disease have been investigated. The specificity and
      sensitivity of the TEX antigen employed in immunoenzymatic and radioimmunologic
      assays have been verified. Six hundred and forty-one sera from healthy donors
      were tested as controls. Our data emphasize the importance of IgE antibodies to
      ocular larva migrans syndrome and suggest that they play a significant role as a
      marker of infection. In the visceral form, IgG antibodies seem to mask the
      presence of IgE by a competitive mechanism toward the same epitopes of the
      parasite. In fact, IgE antibody titers increase after depletion of IgG from
      serum.

PMID- 3389571
TI  - The irritable bowel syndrome and food hypersensitivity.
AB  - Ten patients with irritable bowel syndrome were evaluated for food
      hypersensitivity with skin testing (IgE) and IgG serum antibodies (RAST panel) to
      common food antigens. Patients also underwent an open elimination diet for 2
      weeks followed by a 48-hour challenge of each food that was considered to be
      suspicious from patients diary, positive skin prick test, and/or positive IgG
      antibodies. Six patients had positive skin scratch test results and only one
      patient had RAST IgG food antibodies greater than 3,000 cpm which is a marked
      increase above normal. None of the patients however had an exacerbation of their
      irritable bowel symptoms with a food challenge. We conclude therefore that
      positive skin testing and IgG serum antibodies are not reliable indicators of
      food hypersensitivity in irritable bowel syndrome and that food hypersensitivity
      does not seem to play a role in the symptoms related to the irritable bowel
      syndrome.

PMID- 3389572
TI  - Rhinomanometry and nasal peak expiratory and inspiratory flow rate.
AB  - Variation in nasal patency can be studied by rhinomanometry as well as by nasal
      expiratory and inspiratory peak flow rate. The accuracy of 12 sets of peak flow
      meters was tested in a standardized way using a pump. Differences between flow
      meters were found. Consequently it is recommended for a patient to use the same
      flow meter throughout a study. Comparison between nasal expiratory and
      inspiratory peak flow was performed before and after provocation of 12 grass
      pollen-allergic patients. Inspiratory peak flow showed certain advantages
      compared with expiratory peak flow measurements. The results can best be
      expressed as the means rather than the top values of three consecutive
      registrations. Twelve healthy subjects were also tested with rhinomanometry,
      nasal expiratory and inspiratory peak flow before and after decongestion with
      nose spray. Comparisons among the three methods showed significant correlations.

PMID- 3389574
TI  - [Genetic studies in familial hyperlipoproteinemia, and therapeutic implications].

PMID- 3389573
TI  - Systemic reactions during maintenance immunotherapy with honey bee venom.
AB  - Immunotherapy with hymenoptera venoms is safe and effective in most patients but
      treatment failures have been reported. Five patients experienced systemic
      symptoms of anaphylaxis when they were in maintenance immunotherapy with honey
      bee venom. In one case, the patient presented a severe life-threatening reaction
      when stung by a honey bee. Three others had the development of new clinical
      sensitivity suggesting a re-sensitization. This occurred in the fifth patient
      after a severe viral infection. By means of a rush protocol and monthly doses of
      200 to 400 micrograms of honey bee venom, the patients were subsequently
      protected efficiently. In most cases these reactions might have been predicted
      since patients experienced large local reactions prior to the systemic reactions
      when allergens were injected. Further, in four cases there was an increased skin
      test reactivity or raised serum honey bee venom IgE levels or both. In all
      patients, the levels of serum honey bee venom IgG was under 200 U/mL (IgG
      Pharmacia RAST).

PMID- 3389576
TI  - [Dermatophytes and immigration].
AB  - An epidemiological study of dermatophytes was achieved during the years 1983-1984
      in the Mycology Laboratory of Saint-Louis' Hospital. Immigrants represent an
      important part of the people who came to consult us: 28 per cent in 1983. The two
      most important immigrant peoples show different features: Black African people,
      who were mass contaminated by tinea agents (Trichophyton soudanense and
      Microsporum langeronii), were not much contaminated by epidermophytic agents
      (Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton interdigitale, Epidermophyton floccosum).
      Conversely, in people from the Maghreb, if tinea (Trichophyton violaceum) were
      not numerous, epidermophyties were found in the same proportion than in native
      people. The transmission of various dermatophytes from one population to another
      seems quite easy to detect for tinea agents: Trichophyton soudanense, Microsporum
      langeronii and Trichophyton violaceum can contaminate native people. Microsporum
      canis often contaminates the children from the Maghreb, and rarely Black African
      children. But the transmission of epidermophytes is much more difficult to study,
      due to a lack of documents in the African countries involved. The Scytalidium and
      Hendersonula pathology recently discovered in France is almost exclusively
      restricted to Black immigrants from the West Indies and Africa.

PMID- 3389575
TI  - Interaction of various lipoproteins from normal and dyslipoproteinemic plasma
      with mouse peritoneal macrophages.
AB  - In this study we tried to elucidate the atherogenicity of various plasma
      lipoproteins with respect to their capability of foam cell formation. Mouse
      peritoneal macrophages (MPM) were incubated with increasing amounts of
      lipoproteins and the incorporation of 14C oleate into the cholesteryl ester
      fraction was followed. The results may be summarized as follows: freshly isolated
      Lp(a) behaves very similar to normal LDL causing no or little increase in CE
      formation in MPM. Lp(a) treated with dextran sulfate as well as with antibodies
      to Apo-a, strongly interact with scavenger receptors causing massive accumulation
      of CE in MPM. The abnormal lipoproteins from patients suffering from liver
      disease, LP-X, HDL-E cause no increase in CE formation of MPM. They behave very
      similar to artificial PL/FC liposomes. If on the other hand these abnormal
      lipoproteins are mixed with Ac-LDL, a synergistic effect was observed causing an
      approx. 30 per cent increase in CE-formation as compared to Ac-LDL alone. This
      was caused by a net transfer of FC from abnormal lipoproteins to Ac-LDL alone.
      This was caused by a net transfer of FC from abnormal lipoproteins to Ac-LDL. It
      is concluded that the lipoproteins studied in this report by itself exert no
      atherogenic function in MPM. They may, however, aggravate the atherogenicity of
      other processes known to be involved in the development of vascular diseases.

PMID- 3389577
TI  - [Biological constants in migrants].
AB  - Until now, clinical chemists, clinicians, physicians dealing with the problem of
      migrant biology dispose only reference limits established for an autochtone
      population. But can these really be applied? We compared 28 blood constituents of
      a migrant population with those of the french population. We defined five
      geographic areas: Italy, the Iberian Peninsula, Northern Africa, Northern and
      Central Europe and the Near and Middle East.

PMID- 3389578
TI  - [Biochemistry of peroxisome and peroxisomal diseases].

PMID- 3389580
TI  - IVth International Meeting of Clinical Biology CH Sainte-Ode, Baconfoy, Belgium
      May 23-24th, 1987 clinical biology in intensive care medicine. Leukocyte
      aggregation and complement activation in respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
AB  - A diffuse lesion in the alveolar-capillary membrane appears as an initial
      pathological event which preludes the emergence of an Acute Respiratory Distress
      (ARDS) with pulmonary oedema. The implication of polymorphous nuclear cells (PMN)
      as the cells initiating this lesion remains solidly established. The activation
      of the complement system has been established in numerous circumstances
      associated with the risk of the development of an ARDS. This activation can be
      exogenous and leads to the generation of inflammatory agents, stimulating
      different types of cells such as the PMN, the monocytes and mastocytes by
      intermediation of specific receptors, and activate important function of
      locomotion, adhesion, aggregation, degranulation, etc. Authors describe here the
      behaviour of C5a and the aggregability of PMN in such patients with a risk of
      ARDS.

PMID- 3389579
TI  - [Determination of urinary free cortisol by HPLC (high performance liquid
      chromatography) and UV detection].
AB  - Using basal isocratic equipment of HPLC and only one step extraction the
      determination of urinary free cortisol is available in non specialized
      laboratory. Results are displayed about reliability and specificity of the
      method. An extraction coefficient of 97.8 per cent, a good practicability in
      connection with the use of C18 column chromatography and a reagent flow of 0.5
      ml/min. enable a low cost of this determination. Reference values are established
      for a working adult population.

PMID- 3389581
TI  - French Society of clinical biology. Section of standardization. Commission
      "Instrumentation". Protocol of study of thermostatization of analyzers using
      readings of absorbance in liquid medium.

PMID- 3389582
TI  - The laws of emotion.

PMID- 3389583
TI  - Biological psychology's relationships to psychology and neuroscience.

PMID- 3389585
TI  - The good ol' days is now: trends in operative experience of general surgical
      residents over 25 years.
AB  - To define the changing trends in operative experience of general surgery
      residents, the records of all residents completing our training program from 1964
      1987 were reviewed. Except for a slight decline in operative experience in head
      and neck and gastric surgery, the experience in other primary component
      procedures either remained stable (major breast, esophagus, intestine, colon,
      pancreas, spleen and endocrine) or increased (minor breast, anorectal, hernia,
      biliary, vascular and trauma). A rich experience in secondary component
      procedures was maintained in thoracic, pediatric and plastic surgery, all of
      which are services within the department of surgery. A relatively low but stable
      experience in gynecology, neurosurgery, orthopaedics and urology has been
      reported, which did not change when these disciplines became separate
      departments. Finally, there has been a dramatic increase in endoscopic procedures
      performed in the surgery department despite the presence of endoscopic services
      in other departments. It is believed that such an institutional review of
      surgical resident caseload over time will be of help not only to program
      directors but also to accrediting and certifying organizations concerned with
      surgical training programs and their graduates.

PMID- 3389584
TI  - American Indian mental health policy.

PMID- 3389586
TI  - Intraoperative radiation therapy in biliary tract cancer.
AB  - From 1983 to 1986, nine patients with advanced cancers of the proximal biliary
      tract were treated with intraoperative electron beam radiation therapy (IORT)
      following surgical resection or intubation. Five patients also received external
      beam radiation and four received chemotherapy. Early complications were minimal.
      Late complications included cholangitis, gastroduodenal ulceration, gastric
      outlet obstruction and portal vein thrombosis. Symptomatic recurrent or residual
      disease developed in eight patients with a median disease-free survival of 6
      months. Seven patients failed locally; four recurred outside of the
      intraoperatively radiated field. The longest survivor is free of disease at 40
      months; one patient is alive with disease at 30 months. Mean and median survivals
      were 16.8 months and 13 months respectively with 56 per cent 1-year survival.
      This was not different from a mean survival of 11 months and 46 per cent 1-year
      survival observed in 13 concurrent patients treated by external beam +/- 192Ir.
      Survival of six patients not treated by radiation was only 4.6 months (P = 0.3).
      Two thirds of patients had good or fair palliation. IORT has theoretical
      advantages for the treatment of locally advanced biliary cancer; preliminary
      results suggest useful palliation and potential long-term survival. Complications
      require ongoing evaluation and superiority to conventional treatment modalities
      has not been demonstrated.

PMID- 3389587
TI  - The response of immunoglobulins to infection after thermal and nonthermal injury.
AB  - Traumatic and thermal injuries are leading causes of mortality and morbidity due
      to their high incidence of infection. Host defense is vital to recovery in these
      patients yet incompletely understood. On days 1, 7, and 14, serum immunoglobulins
      of the IgA, IgG, and IgM classes were measured in 46 consecutive patients who
      sustained severe trauma with an injury severity score of at least 20. The
      patients were divided into four groups: 1) an uneventful recovery group (n = 11)
      of nonthermal trauma patients who did not become infected; 2) an infected
      nonthermal group without splenectomy; 3) an infected group of burn patients; and
      4) 12 patients who underwent splenectomy of which nine became infected following
      nonthermal trauma. In each patient group, IgA, IgG, and IgM were all reduced, and
      group 1 had a steady return to normal range. Group 2 patients exhibited
      supranormal responses in all 3 classes at one week and supranormal IgA and IgG
      responses at two weeks. In contrast, both infected burn and splenectomized
      patients had markedly reduced IgG and IgM levels compared with the group 2
      patients (P less than 0.05). Splenectomy sharply reduced IgM response to
      infection at 7 and 14 days compared with nonsplenectomized infected posttraumatic
      patients. Immunoglobulin response after trauma depended on the type of injury,
      presence of infection, splenic function, and type of immunoglobulin. Recognition
      of immunoglobulin deficiencies in both the burn and splenectomized patient may
      permit focused therapy, such as specific replacement of these proteins.

PMID- 3389588
TI  - Endoscopic retrograde sphincterotomy in the treatment of biliary tract disease.
AB  - Endoscopic retrograde sphincterotomy (E.R.S.) is rapidly becoming popular. In the
      past 5 years, E.R.S. was technically successful in 124 of 130 patients (95%) in
      whom it was attempted. One hundred twenty four had choledocholithiasis, and six
      had papillary stenosis after cholecystectomy. Urgent E.R.S. was performed for
      septic cholangitis in 12 patients and biliary pancreatitis in four. There were
      six patients with choledocholithiasis in whom sphincterotomy was not possible. Of
      the 118 patients with successful papillotomy for choledocholithiasis, spontaneous
      passage of calculi after E.R.S. occurred in 28 cases (24%), and instrumental
      extraction of stones was possible in 81 (69%). Duct clearance failed in nine
      patients (8%), mostly due to the large size of the retained stones. The largest
      stone extracted was 26 mm in diameter. The overall success rate of removing
      common bile duct stones was 109 in 118 cases (88%). In patients with papillary
      stenosis, E.R.S. was successful in relieving symptoms and biochemical cholestasis
      in six of six cases (100%). Complications occurred in only two patients. The
      complications were pancreatitis in one and hemorrhage in one. None of these
      patients required surgical treatment of the complication. Endoscopic retrograde
      sphincterotomy is effective for the removal of stones of the common bile duct,
      and at relieving the symptoms of papillary stenosis. It is safe in experienced
      hands and has led to only rare complications.

PMID- 3389589
TI  - Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in the cancer patient.
AB  - A retrospective analysis of all patients with malignancy undergoing percutaneous
      endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) was undertaken. PEG was attempted in 42 cancer
      patients from a total of 142 patients and successful in 38 (90.5%). The success
      rate in completing this procedure in cancer patients was significantly less than
      in noncancer patients (P = 0.04). The most common malignancy was oral-pharyngeal
      carcinoma (29%). Survival data was available in 35 of 38 patients (92%). Three
      patients died in less than one month. Forty six per cent of the patients survived
      three months or longer and 20 per cent 1 year or longer. The majority of the
      patients (68%) were able to return home after the PEG. There was no mortality
      related to the procedure. Local anesthesia was used in 95 per cent of the
      procedures. The major concerns derived from the study are the short-term survival
      in a small number of patients and aspiration in selective patients. Attempts
      should be made to identify these patients and avoid PEG since its benefits will
      be limited. When used selectively, PEG can improve the quality of life of the
      cancer patient.

PMID- 3389590
TI  - Inferior vena cava injuries--the challenge continues.
AB  - The records of 67 patients with inferior vena cava (IVC) injuries seen from 1980
      1986 were reviewed. The mortality rate (MR) overall was 57 per cent, and for
      specific portions of the IVC it was: retrohepatic - 60 per cent (9/15);
      suprarenal 59 per cent (16/27); pararenal - 45 per cent (5/11); and infrarenal -
      57 per cent (8/14). Several prognostic factors were identified. Of 44 patients
      who presented to the emergency department (ED) with a BP less than 70 mm Hg, 33
      (75%) died. Of 28 patients who experienced greater than 30 minutes of shock, 15
      (83%) died. Of 26 patients presenting to the OR with a systolic blood pressure
      less than 70 mm Hg, 22 (85%) died. Of 40 patients who received greater than 10
      units of blood in the ED and OR, 31 (78%) died. Of 19 patients who had a
      prelaparotomy thoracotomy with cross-clamping of the thoracic aorta for
      persistent severe shock (BP less than 70), nine responded rapidly with a
      sustained increase in systolic BP to greater than 90 mm Hg with four (44%)
      survivors. All ten patients who did not respond to prelaparotomy aortic cross
      clamping died in the OR. Of seven patients with persistent shock (BP less than
      70) without a prelaparotomy thoracotomy, there were no survivors. Six patients
      with retrohepatic IVC injuries underwent atrio-caval shunting with no survivors;
      of nine others with similar injuries treated without a shunt, six (67%) survived.
      Of 18 patients who received more than ten units of blood and survived the
      surgery, ten (56%) developed septic complications, and four of these patients
      died. Of 17 patients who received less than ten units of blood and survived the
      surgery, none became septic. Thus, early control of shock and bleeding is
      essential, not only to reduce mortality rate, but also later septic
      complications.

PMID- 3389591
TI  - Trauma associated with three- and four-wheeled all-terrain vehicles: is the four
      wheeler an unrecognized health hazard?
AB  - All-terrain vehicle (ATV) accidents cause 7000 injuries and 20 deaths per month.
      In this prospective multicenter study comparing three- and four-wheelers, data
      were obtained on all ATV accident victims treated at 33 participating
      institutions in 13 Western Michigan counties from July-November, 1986 (N = 143)
      and on 51 accidents from the preceding 18 months. Of these 194 accidents, 29 per
      cent involved four-wheelers. In this 78 per cent male population (mean age 21),
      23 per cent required hospitalization. One half of these victims sustained a
      fracture or dislocation and 14 per cent needed surgery. Thirteen per cent had
      serious neurologic injury. Average hospital bills were $294 for outpatients and
      $7669 for inpatients. Two thirds of the patients had some disability. Three
      fatalities were recorded. Analysis of the data showed the following: (1) the
      three-wheeled ATV design is significantly more unstable than that of the four
      wheeler (P less than .001); (2) though more stable, the four-wheeled ATV was
      still associated with frequent accidents as severe as those involving three
      wheelers; (3) riders under age 16 were more likely to be using their ATV
      improperly (P greater than .05) and had more severe injuries with a higher
      hospitalization rate, and (4) these ATV riders had inadequate training and
      protective gear. Lastly, recommendations are made that ATVs need their design
      flaws corrected for safer use, and that mandatory minimum age requirements, rider
      education, and helmet use should reduce injuries.

PMID- 3389592
TI  - Pneumomediastinum on a surgical service.
AB  - Mediastinal emphysema results from multiple etiologies and is associated with a
      variety of underlying disease entities. Twenty five patients with
      pneumomediastinum treated on a surgical service over a 6 year period were
      reviewed. The cause of the mediastinal emphysema was related to trauma in seven
      patients, attempted central venous access in four patients, cardiopulmonary
      resuscitation in four patients and some type of Valsalva maneuver in ten
      patients. Besides the mediastinal emphysema, air may dissect into the peritoneal
      cavity, the pericardium, and the subcutaneous tissues within the neck and chest
      wall. Treatment of the mediastinal emphysema, per se, is expectant; success or
      failure is determined by treatment of the associated underlying problems. Deaths
      occurred in three patients after cardiopulmonary resuscitation and in one patient
      after crushing chest injury. One patient with an associated hydrothorax was found
      to have a perforated distal esophagus which was treated by emergency
      fundoplication. When associated diseases are absent and there is no evidence of
      pleural effusion or hydrothorax, no special diagnostic tests are indicated.
      Sequential chest x-rays are used to follow the pneumomediastinum through
      resolution, which usually occurs within 72 hours.

PMID- 3389593
TI  - Needle biopsy of nodular thyroid disease.
AB  - To evaluate nodular thyroid disease, 150 patients underwent 169 fine needle
      biopsies (FNB) and recently 28 have also had core needle biopsies (CNB). Multiple
      biopsies were required in 19 patients because of multiple lesions, reaccumulation
      of cysts, follow-up of nodules failing to regress, or inadequate material.
      Adequate material was obtained in 97 per cent of FNB and 92 per cent of CNB. FNB
      and CNB agreed in 20 of 28 cases. There were no complications with FNB and one
      patient (4%) hemorrhaged with CNB. Forty nine patients underwent thyroidectomy.
      Postoperative diagnoses include papillary carcinoma (9), follicular carcinoma
      (2), lymphoma (2), medullary carcinoma (1), metastatic carcinoma (1), benign
      nodular goiter (14), follicular neoplasm (15), and thyroiditis (5). Sixty per
      cent of patients avoided surgery, 61 per cent of operated specimens contained
      neoplasia and 31 per cent contained malignancy. Eighty seven per cent of
      malignancies were identified at the initial evaluation. FNB had 86 per cent
      sensitivity for neoplasia and 44 per cent specificity for neoplasm (94% for
      papillary carcinoma). CNB had 89 per cent sensitivity and 67 per cent specificity
      for neoplasm. FNB and CNB are useful means of assessing thyroid nodules for the
      presence of cancer. They can decrease the need for diagnostic thyroidectomy.
      However, clinical evaluation must still be used in conjunction when determining
      the need for thyroidectomy.

PMID- 3389595
TI  - Carcinoma of the thyroid in patients with autonomous nodules.
AB  - Over a period of 25 years (1961-1986), 30 consecutive patients were operated upon
      for solitary "HOT" nodules. The autonomy of these nodules was substantiated by
      cytomel nonsuppressibility on 131I or 123I scanning, or TSH stimulated
      enhancement of the remaining suppressed thyroid tissue (n = 24); or as a solitary
      toxic hot nodule with suppression of the remaining thyroid tissue (n = 6).
      Seventeen of these patients were euthyroid and 13 were thyrotoxic and required
      preoperative preparation with antithyroid medication. Five patients had a history
      of head and neck irradiation. The population consisted of 24 women and six men.
      Their ages ranged from 14 to 68 years. The tumors ranged in size from 1.5 to 7
      cm. The pathologic findings consisted of "colloid" adenoma in nine patients,
      follicular adenoma in 19 patients, and a follicular carcinoma in two patients,
      for an incidence of 6 per cent. It is of interest that neither of the patients
      with thyroid carcinoma were toxic or had a history of radiation exposure. These
      findings support the concept that the incidence of carcinoma in truly autonomous
      "HOT" thyroid nodules is not negligible.

PMID- 3389594
TI  - Nodular thyroid disease in children and adolescents: a high incidence of
      carcinoma.
AB  - Over a period of 32 years from 1954 to 1986, 65 patients under the age of 21
      years, 52 girls and 13 boys, were operated for nodular thyroids: the overall
      incidence of carcinoma was 37 per cent. It was 46 per cent in those patients
      presenting with a solitary nodule. Among the 24 patients with a malignancy, the
      carcinoma was of the papillary variety in 63 per cent, follicular in 25 per cent
      and medullary in 12 per cent. Two thirds of the patients had metastatic disease
      at the time of presentation. All patients with thyroid carcinoma were treated
      with total thyroidectomy. Other measures included neck dissection and radioactive
      iodine. When the eight patients with a history of head and neck irradiation and
      the three patients with medullary carcinoma were excluded, the incidence of
      carcinoma was 28 per cent. In summary, in spite of the decline in radiation
      associated cases, the incidence of carcinoma in nodular thyroid disease in the
      population under 21 years, remains at the relatively high figure of 28 per cent.

PMID- 3389596
TI  - Diagnostic peritoneal lavage in intra-abdominal sepsis.
AB  - Despite the advent of sophisticated diagnostic technology the diagnosis of the
      surgical abdomen in the Intensive Care Unit continues to pose a problem for the
      surgeon. A retrospective analysis was carried out to evaluate the utility of
      diagnostic peritoneal lavage to diagnose intra-abdominal surgical disease.
      Diagnostic peritoneal lavage was carried out in patients in whom the physical
      exam was deemed unreliable, such as in patients with cardiopulmonary instability
      or mental obtundation. Patients were included in the study if autopsy or
      laparotomy confirmation of the lavage data was available. Forty four patients met
      the inclusion criteria and formed the basis of this study. Of the twenty three
      patients with a positive lavage, three false-positive diagnostic peritoneal
      lavages were discovered, either at laparotomy or postmortem exam. Of the twenty
      one patients where diagnostic peritoneal lavage was negative, no false-negatives
      were discovered at autopsy or laparatomy. Therefore, this test is 100 per cent
      sensitive and 88 per cent specific. It is concluded that a negative diagnostic
      peritoneal lavage makes intra-abdominal surgical disease highly unlikely.
      However, a positive lavage may require further diagnostic work-up.

PMID- 3389597
TI  - Liver gluconeogenic metabolites in young and old rats during septic shock.
AB  - Aged individuals have diminished resistance to severe sepsis and septic shock.
      Previous studies in young animals showed that the liver's gluconeogenic capacity
      was an important determinant of survival in shock states. This study compared
      hepatic carbohydrate intermediates from young rats and old rats to correlate
      changes during peritonitis septic shock with known differences in survival times.
      Old control rats had glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) concentrations two-fold higher
      than young controls, 354 +/- 49 nanomole/g wet liver vs 180 +/- 41, suggesting a
      reduced ability to convert hexose monophosphate precursor into blood sugar. There
      was a 53% increase in G6P levels in the peritonitis livers, to 540 +/- 155
      nanomole/g liver while in young septic rats the G6P decreased 33 per cent. These
      opposite, highly significant changes in shock (P = 0.01) show the reduced ability
      of old animals to mobilize gluconeogenic precursors. Fructose 1,6-biphosphate
      (FBP) in old control liver was 14 +/- 3 nanomole/g liver and did not change in
      shock; in young rats, FBP was 7.0 +/- 3 nanomole and increased 230 per cent in
      shock, showing a different metabolic response in young and old animals. These
      data suggest older animals may be more vulnerable to shock because of lower
      gluconeogenic potential.

PMID- 3389598
TI  - Soft tissue infections in the compromised host.
AB  - Soft tissue infections were seen in 25 patients with underlying malignancy and
      immunosuppressive disease. The primary disease included leukemia, lupus, aplastic
      anemia, lymphoma, carcinoma and myeloma. Infectious sites included the perianal
      area, gluteal, chest wall, extremity and the vulva. Eighty per cent of the
      infectious episodes occurred in patients who were granulocytopenic. Initial
      presentation was of local tenderness and redness. Fluctuation and discoloration
      were present in nine patients who were also hypotensive. Local drainage in five
      patients resulted in the death of two (20%). Overall, the mortality was 3/25
      (12%). Wide debridement and drainage and appropriate antibiotic therapy resulted
      in the death of 1/20 (5%) patients. Hypotension, discoloration and fluctuation
      were found to be late signs in these patients. Soft tissue infections in the
      compromised host present subtly and progress to death if treatment is delayed.
      Temperature elevation and localized tenderness and erythema are indications for
      broad spectrum antibiotics and extensive intraoperative drainage and debridement.

PMID- 3389600
TI  - Investigating peer review.

PMID- 3389599
TI  - Urinary tract infections in the surgical patient.
AB  - Urinary tract infection (UTI) continues to be a common nosocomial infection. From
      a 2-year city-county hospital experience, 212 nosocomial UTI were identified in
      153 patients from 3747 admissions. Mean age was 54 years; 102 were men. Foley
      catheterization was an associated factor in 129 patients (84%). UTI was caused by
      40 different species of bacteria. In 28 infections (13%), the UTI was
      polymicrobial. Only nine patients had bacteremia. The bacteriology of the UTI
      depended on whether the patient had received systemic antibiotics previously
      during the hospitalization. Prior antibiotic administration increased the
      probability of Pseudomonas and Serratia as pathogens. Thus, patients that have
      had antibiotic therapy demonstrate a distribution of pathogens that are different
      from patients not receiving antibiotics, and a distribution different from the
      community-acquired UTI. Continued emphasis on the shorter duration and more
      judicious use of systemic antibiotics for both prophylaxis and therapy is
      warranted.

PMID- 3389601
TI  - Immunologic thrombocytopenic purpura after heterosexual transmission of human
      immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
AB  - We report four cases of immunologic thrombocytopenic purpura related to human
      immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmitted through heterosexual contact in persons
      who were not homosexual, addicted to intravenous narcotic drugs, or hemophilic.
      Each transmission occurred in a different setting. A 23-year-old white woman had
      immunologic thrombocytopenic purpura in July 1985, with a platelet count of 11 X
      10(9)/L. In January 1987, she had prominent submandibular and posterior cervical
      adenopathy. A careful social-sexual history revealed several sexual contacts with
      a male narcotic addict before July 1985. A 27-year-old heterosexual white man had
      a platelet count of 8 X 10(9)/L in December 1986. A social-sexual history
      revealed that his fiancee had been an intravenous narcotic addict 6 years ago. A
      64-year-old white woman had a platelet count of 75 X 10(9)/L in May 1986,
      approximately 2 years after she had resumed having sexual intercourse with her
      husband who had had a triple coronary bypass in October 1983. The husband had
      received HIV-seropositive blood. A 42-year-old white man had a platelet count of
      45 X 10(9)/L, which was associated with a cutaneous eruption refractory to
      antibiotics and antifungal agents. He had had sexual contacts with several women,
      who, to the best of his knowledge, were neither prostitutes nor intravenous
      narcotic addicts. He denied homosexuality or drug abuse. All four patients were
      HIV-seropositive and had circulating immune complexes and platelet-associated
      IgG, C3C4, and IgM values that were considerably higher than those usually
      measured in patients with classic autoimmune thrombocytopenia, averaging 2.4-,
      2.2-, 6.5- and 5.2-fold higher, respectively. Thus, HIV-related immunologic
      thrombocytopenic purpura can be heterosexually spread and should become part of
      the differential diagnosis of unexplained thrombocytopenia. Obtaining a careful
      social-sexual history is mandatory in such patients.

PMID- 3389602
TI  - Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura associated with human immunodeficiency virus
      type 1 (HIV-1) infection.
AB  - The cases of 14 patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura admitted to one
      institution after 1980 were reviewed. Three of the fourteen cases occurred in
      patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related complex and
      one occurred in a patient with probable human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
      infection. The diagnosis in all four cases had been made after 1985. The
      association of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura with HIV infection was judged
      to be statistically significant on the basis of the proportion of patients with
      AIDS among the general population of patients admitted to the same institution
      during the same period. The fact that this association is only now being
      recognized suggests that there may be a long incubation period for thrombotic
      thrombocytopenic purpura or that the association is a rare one recognized now
      only because of the increased number of persons with AIDS.

PMID- 3389603
TI  - Cigarette smoking and upper respiratory infection among recruits in basic combat
      training.
AB  - STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine the relation between cigarette smoking and upper
      respiratory infection or viral syndrome. DESIGN: A prospective cohort study of
      soldiers during 13 weeks of basic combat training. Each soldier received a
      smoking questionnaire before the beginning and at the conclusion of basic combat
      training. The incidence of respiratory illness among the recruits was evaluated.
      SETTING: Fort Benning, Georgia. PARTICIPANTS: 1230 soldiers met the criteria for
      inclusion and completed the study. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN
      RESULTS: According to the definition of smoking status in the initial
      questionnaire, smokers had a relative risk for upper respiratory infection of
      1.46 (95% CI, 1.1 to 1.8). This effect was not substantially altered by different
      definitions of smoking status. CONCLUSIONS: Young military recruits who smoked
      during basic combat training had more upper respiratory infections than
      nonsmokers. Cigarette smoking can substantially increase the risk for upper
      respiratory infection in young men.

PMID- 3389604
TI  - Respiratory syncytial virus infection in immunocompromised adults.
AB  - Respiratory syncytial virus disease was documented in 11 immunocompromised
      adults, aged 21 to 50. Underlying conditions included bone marrow transplant (6
      patients), renal transplant (3 patients), renal and pancreas transplants (1
      patient), and T-cell lymphoma (1 patient). Diagnosis of infection was based on
      specimens from bronchoalveolar lavage, sputum, throat, sinus aspirate, and lung
      biopsy. The virus was detected simultaneously by antibody in either an
      immunofluorescence or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 3 of 4 patients whose
      culture results were positive for respiratory syncytial virus. The virus was an
      unexpected finding, despite widespread infection in the community. Clinical
      symptoms included low-grade fever, nonproductive cough, rhinorrhea or nasal
      congestion, and radiographic evidence of interstitial infiltrates and sinusitis.
      Aerosolized ribavirin therapy was used in the 6 recipients of bone marrow
      transplants, 3 of whom required assisted ventilation but died. Death caused by
      virus infection was documented in 4 of 11 patients. Respiratory syncytial virus
      disease must be considered in the differential diagnosis of fever and pulmonary
      infiltrates in immunocompromised adults.

PMID- 3389605
TI  - Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura in patients with the acquired
      immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related complex. A report of two cases.
AB  - Immune thrombocytopenia has been reported with increased incidence in high-risk
      persons such as intravenous drug addicts and homosexual men who have serologic
      evidence of infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Thrombotic
      thrombocytopenic purpura, generally regarded as a rare disorder, has also been
      seen in association with exposure to HIV. Two patients had classical symptoms and
      laboratory findings of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and the acquired
      immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related complex. Both patients belong to high
      risk groups. They were treated with conventional therapy for thrombotic
      thrombocytopenic purpura and followed for 3 months. Their response to treatment
      was no different from that of other groups of patients with this syndrome. This
      article alerts physicians to the possible association of thrombotic
      thrombocytopenic purpura, AIDS, and AIDS-related complex.

PMID- 3389606
TI  - Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura in a patient who subsequently developed the
      acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

PMID- 3389607
TI  - Acute orbital myositis mimicking orbital cellulitis.

PMID- 3389609
TI  - Acute pulmonary edema and myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3389608
TI  - Lyme myositis: muscle invasion by Borrelia burgdorferi.

PMID- 3389610
TI  - Dihydroergotamine-erythromycin-induced ergotism.

PMID- 3389612
TI  - Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

PMID- 3389613
TI  - Biopsy of colonic polyps.

PMID- 3389611
TI  - Autoimmune hemolytic anemia and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.

PMID- 3389614
TI  - Methods for collection of stool samples.

PMID- 3389615
TI  - [AIDS in psychiatry].

PMID- 3389616
TI  - [AIDS and society. Neuropsychiatric implications].

PMID- 3389617
TI  - [AIDS and society].
AB  - On the basis of information gathered from media the writer delineates the
      following aspects of the impact of AIDS upon social life: advertising the danger,
      sex education of the youth, purposeful contamination by AIDS-patients, legal
      repressive measures, the doctors and the right to test, Anglican Church and
      acceptance of homosexuality among ministers, antagonistic incentives
      epidemiologic research and the right to confidentiality. Finally, he endorses the
      recent declaration of the America Psychiatric Association determined to fight
      discrimination and refusal of care.

PMID- 3389618
TI  - [AIDS, infectious disease and social phenomena, its impact on the army].

PMID- 3389619
TI  - [The syringe and AIDS].

PMID- 3389620
TI  - [Drug dependence and AIDS: a new therapeutic confrontation].

PMID- 3389621
TI  - [Reaction of drug-dependent patients in relation to AIDS].

PMID- 3389622
TI  - [Role of the psychiatrist in the medical service treating HIV-positive, AIDS
      related complex and AIDS patients].

PMID- 3389623
TI  - [Medico-psychologic aspects of medical information on AIDS: the example of drug
      dependent prisoners].

PMID- 3389625
TI  - [From aggression to suicide in carriers of the human immunodeficiency virus].

PMID- 3389624
TI  - [Initial psychological reactions to information of anti-HIV seropositivity].

PMID- 3389626
TI  - [Neuropsychiatric forms of AIDS, apropos of some cases].

PMID- 3389627
TI  - [Neurologic and neuropsychiatric aspects of AIDS].

PMID- 3389628
TI  - [The AIDS theme in psychopathologic productions].

PMID- 3389629
TI  - [Paranoia with regard to AIDS].

PMID- 3389630
TI  - [Psychological consequences of contamination in hemophilic children].

PMID- 3389631
TI  - [Psychological and psychiatric management of patients with anti-HIV antibodies].

PMID- 3389632
TI  - [HIV-seropositive subjects and the fantasies they induce].

PMID- 3389633
TI  - Neural mechanisms and biological significance of grooming behavior.

PMID- 3389634
TI  - Analysis of age-related changes in stress-induced grooming in the rat.
      Differential behavioral profile of adaptation to stress.

PMID- 3389635
TI  - Influence of ACTH1-24 on grooming and sociosexual behavior in the rat.
AB  - The effects of intraventricular administration of ACTH 1-24 on grooming,
      exploratory and socio-sexual behaviors in male rats were studied. The various
      behavioral elements were analyzed in terms of latency, frequency, and duration,
      which provided a multivariate behavioral profile. Behaviors that occur early
      during the test procedure had decreased, whereas behaviors displayed after the
      animal had spent some time in the test situation increased. Sociability, sexual
      approaches, and sexual preference in a sociosexual test situation were not
      altered by this treatment. The extinction of the response after removal of the
      incentive animals was delayed, however. It is concluded that ACTH1-24 did not
      specifically influence goal-directed behaviors. The obtained change in the
      behavioral profile, including the grooming pattern, rather suggest that ACTH1-24
      affects mechanisms associated with attention and habituation.

PMID- 3389636
TI  - Vasopressin-induced grooming and scratching behavior in mice.

PMID- 3389637
TI  - Excessive grooming in response to opiate drugs. The ontogeny of responsiveness.

PMID- 3389638
TI  - Biological influences on grooming in nonhuman primates.

PMID- 3389639
TI  - Comparison of adaptive responses in familiar and novel environments: modulatory
      factors.

PMID- 3389640
TI  - Hemochromatosis. Proceedings of the first international conference. April 27-29,
      New York, New York.

PMID- 3389641
TI  - Control of iron absorption in hemochromatosis. Mucosal iron kinetics in vivo.

PMID- 3389642
TI  - Cardiac abnormalities in primary hemochromatosis.

PMID- 3389643
TI  - Survival and causes of death in hemochromatosis. Observations in 163 patients.
AB  - Survival and causes of death were analyzed among 163 patients with
      hemochromatosis diagnosed between 1959 and 1983. Mean followup was 10.5 +/- 5.6
      years (+/- SD). Cumulative survival was 76% at 10 years and 49% at 20 years. Life
      expectancy was reduced in patients who presented with cirrhosis or diabetes
      compared to patients who presented without these complications at the time of
      diagnosis. Patients who could be depleted of iron during the first 18 months of
      venesection therapy had a markedly better prognosis compared to those patients
      who could not be depleted during this time period, probably due to greater
      amounts of excessive iron. Prognosis was not influenced by sex. Patients without
      cirrhosis or diabetes had a life expectancy that was virtually identical to that
      of an age-matched normal population. Analysis of the causes of death in 53
      patients showed that liver cancer (n = 16) was 219 times more frequent,
      cardiomyopathy (n = 3) was 306 times more frequent, liver cirrhosis (n = 10) was
      13 times more frequent, and diabetes mellitus (n = 3) was seven times more
      frequent compared to death rates expected for an age-matched normal population.
      The risk of death from other causes, including extrahepatic cancer (n = 7), did
      not differ from rates expected. Thus, patients with hemochromatosis diagnosed in
      a precirrhotic stage and treated by venesection have a normal life expectancy.
      Cirrhotic patients had a shortened life expectancy and a high risk of death from
      liver cancer even when complete iron depletion has been achieved.

PMID- 3389644
TI  - Unsolved problems in hemochromatosis.

PMID- 3389645
TI  - The promoter region of the human transferrin receptor gene.
AB  - Genomic DNA fragments corresponding to the promoter region of the human
      transferrin receptor were linked to either the full-length receptor cDNA or to
      the bacterial enzyme chloramphenicol acetyltransferase. These constructs were
      transfected into mouse and human cells, respectively. Gene expression was
      monitored 40-48 hours after transfection. Bal31 exonuclease was employed to
      produce 5' to 3' deletions of the promoter region. Deletion of DNA between -86
      and -70 upstream of the receptor's mRNA start site resulted in a greater than 80%
      reduction in apparent promoter activity. DNA sequencing of the 150 bp upstream of
      the start site revealed that the promoter region contained several sequence
      elements more than 90% homologous to the consensus sequence for binding of the
      transcription factor Sp1. In addition, an 11 bp sequence identical to a segment
      of the enhancers of polyoma virus and adenovirus was located between -80 and -70.
      Internal deletions confirmed that this enhancer homologue was critical for full
      promoter activity. A 66 bp fragment encompassing the -80/-70 element augmented
      gene expression when the fragment was placed in either orientation upstream of
      the remainder of the transferrin receptor promoter.

PMID- 3389646
TI  - Vasoactive intestinal peptide and related peptides.

PMID- 3389648
TI  - Living in a chemical world. Occupational and environmental significance of
      industrial carcinogens.

PMID- 3389647
TI  - Conformational analysis of vasoactive intestinal peptide and related fragments.

PMID- 3389649
TI  - Mutual reinforcement between epidemiology and the laboratory in the study of
      environmental cancer.

PMID- 3389650
TI  - Extent of carcinogenicity testing of commercial chemicals.

PMID- 3389651
TI  - Ozone carcinogenesis in vitro and its co-carcinogenesis with radiation.
      Discussion paper.

PMID- 3389652
TI  - Carcinogenicity of vinyl chloride in Sprague-Dawley rats after prenatal and
      postnatal exposure.
AB  - Vinyl chloride was administered by inhalation, 7 hours daily, 5 days weekly, at
      concentrations of 2500 and 0 ppm, to Sprague-Dawley rats. The treatment was
      started on 13-week-old breeders and male and female offspring (12-day embryos).
      The breeders and part of the offspring were exposed for 104 weeks; the other part
      of the offspring was exposed for 15 weeks only. Under the experimental
      conditions, vinyl chloride caused an exceptionally high incidence of brain
      neuroblastomas, liver angiosarcomas, and hepatocarcinomas. The age at start
      and/or length of treatment may affect the onset of these tumors in different
      ways.

PMID- 3389653
TI  - Long-term carcinogenicity bioassay on vinylidene chloride administered by
      inhalation to Sprague-Dawley rats. New results.
AB  - Vinylidene chloride was administered by inhalation, 7 hours daily, 5 days weekly,
      at the concentration of 100 and 0 ppm, to Sprague-Dawley rats. The treatment was
      started on 13-week-old breeders, and male and female offspring (12-day embryos).
      The breeders and some of the offspring were exposed for 104 weeks; the other
      offspring were exposed for 15 weeks only. An increased incidence was found of
      malignant tumors and of leukemias, particularly in offspring treated for 104
      weeks.

PMID- 3389654
TI  - Acrylonitrile as a carcinogen. Research needs for better risk assessment.

PMID- 3389655
TI  - Long-term carcinogenicity bioassays on acrylonitrile administered by inhalation
      and by ingestion to Sprague-Dawley rats.
AB  - Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to acrylonitrile by inhalation at 40, 20, 10, 5
      and 0 ppm, 4 hours daily, 5 days weekly, for 52 weeks and at 60 ppm, 4-7 hours
      daily, 5 days weekly. The latter treatment was started on 13-week-old breeders,
      and male and female offspring (12-day-embryos). The breeders and part of the
      offspring were exposed for 104 weeks; the other part of the offspring was exposed
      for 15 weeks only. Sprague-Dawley rats were also exposed to acrylonitrile by
      ingestion (stomach tube), in olive oil, at 5 mg/kg b.w., once daily 3 times
      weekly for 52 weeks. Under the tested experimental conditions, acrylonitrile was
      shown to be carcinogenic in Sprague-Dawley rats when given by inhalation and did
      not produce any carcinogenic effect when given by ingestion. In the inhalation
      experiment, acrylonitrile caused an increase in different types of tumors and the
      most noticeable acrylonitrile-related tumor was encephalic glioma.

PMID- 3389656
TI  - Long-term carcinogenicity bioassays on styrene administered by inhalation,
      ingestion and injection and styrene oxide administered by ingestion in Sprague
      Dawley rats, and para-methylstyrene administered by ingestion in Sprague-Dawley
      rats and Swiss mice.
AB  - Styrene was administered to Sprague-Dawley rats by inhalation (300, 100, 50, 25,
      10 and 0 ppm, 4 hours daily, 5 days weekly, for 52 weeks); by gavage (250, 50 and
      0 mg/kg b.w. in olive oil, once daily, 4-5 days weekly, for 52 weeks), by
      intraperitoneal injection (50 and 0 mg in olive oil, four times at 2-month
      intervals), by subcutaneous injection (50 and 0 mg in olive oil, once). Styrene
      oxide was administered to Sprague-Dawley rats by gavage as styrene (250, 50 and 0
      mg/kg b.w. in olive oil, once daily, 4-5 days weekly, for 52 weeks). The animals
      were kept under observation until spontaneous death. Para-methylstyrene was also
      administered by gavage to Sprague-Dawley rats at 500, 250, 50, 10 and 0 mg/kg
      b.w., and to Swiss mice at 250, 50, 10 and 0 mg/kg b.w., in olive oil, once
      daily, 5 days weekly, for 108 weeks and 78 weeks, respectively. The study was
      terminated when the survival rate reached 50% in at least one experimental group.
      Styrene, when given by inhalation, was found to cause an increase in total
      (benign and malignant) and malignant mammary tumors. Styrene oxide produced a
      high incidence of tumors in the forestomach (papillomas, acanthomas, and in situ
      and invasive squamous cell carcinomas). Para-methylstyrene was not shown to be
      carcinogenic.

PMID- 3389657
TI  - Long-term carcinogenicity bioassays on propylene administered by inhalation to
      Sprague-Dawley rats and Swiss mice.
AB  - Propylene was administered by inhalation, 7 hours daily, 5 days weekly, at a
      concentration of 5000, 1000, 200 and 0 ppm, to Sprague-Dawley rats and Swiss
      mice. Groups of 120 male and 120 female rats (high-dose and controls) or 100 male
      and 100 female rats (mid- and low-dose) were treated for 104 weeks, and groups of
      100 male and 100 female mice (each dose and controls) for 78 weeks. The animals
      were kept under observation until spontaneous death. Under the tested
      experimental conditions, the monomer was not shown to be carcinogenic.

PMID- 3389659
TI  - Chronic and reproduction toxicologic studies on vinyl acetate. Status report.

PMID- 3389658
TI  - Chronic studies in rodents of vinyl acetate and compounds related to acrolein.

PMID- 3389660
TI  - Long-term carcinogenicity bioassays on three chlorofluorocarbons
      (trichlorofluoromethane, FC11; dichlorodifluoromethane, FC12;
      chlorodifluoromethane, FC22) administered by inhalation to Sprague-Dawley rats
      and Swiss mice.
AB  - Three propellant chlorofluorocarbons, namely trichlorofluoromethane (FC11),
      dichlorodifluoromethane (FC12), and chlorodifluoromethane (FC22) were
      administered by inhalation at a concentration of 5000, 1000 and 0 ppm, 4 hours
      daily, 5 days weekly, for 104 and 78 weeks, to rats and mice, respectively. The
      animals were kept under observation until spontaneous death. Under the
      experimental conditions, all three compounds failed to show any carcinogenic
      effects.

PMID- 3389662
TI  - Establishing priorities for experimental studies.

PMID- 3389661
TI  - Carcinogenic and mutagenic potential of several fluorocarbons.
AB  - A series of chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) have been evaluated for carcinogenic
      potential in two comprehensive toxicity studies. The first of these studies
      involved an assessment of their potential carcinogenicity using in vitro short
      term predictive tests followed by a limited gavage validation assay in rats. The
      second study was a more conventional inhalation study of CFC22 employing rats and
      mice coupled with an assessment of in vivo genotoxicity of the material. The
      current paper briefly reviews these two studies and assesses the overall
      genotoxicity profile of CFC22 in terms of risk to man. It is concluded that CFCs
      are not biologically inert, but that the series contains bacterial mutagens, cell
      transforming agents, and rodent carcinogens, and for this series of compounds at
      least, prokaryotic mutation does not accurately predict carcinogenic potential.
      In addition it is concluded that CFC22 does not represent a carcinogenic or
      mutagenic threat to man.

PMID- 3389663
TI  - Long-term carcinogenicity bioassays on trichloroethylene administered by
      inhalation to Sprague-Dawley rats and Swiss and B6C3F1 mice.
AB  - Trichloroethylene was administered by inhalation, 7 hours daily, 5 days weekly,
      for 8 weeks, at concentrations of 600, 100 and 0 ppm, to Sprague-Dawley rats and
      Swiss mice; and for 104 weeks to Sprague-Dawley rats; and for 78 weeks to Swiss
      and B6C3F1 mice at concentrations of 600, 300, 100 and 0 ppm. The animals were
      kept under observation until spontaneous death. In the experiments reported
      herein, 3768 animals were studied. Under the experimental conditions,
      trichloroethylene appears to be carcinogenic in rats and mice (particularly in
      male Swiss mice). The most relevant finding was the dose-related increased
      incidence of Leydig cell tumors in male rats, and the onset of few renal tubuli
      adenocarcinomas at the highest dose, always in rats (4/130 males and 1/130
      females). The renal tubuli adenocarcinomas were preceded by, and associated with,
      a characteristic lesion of the kidney: tubuli cell karyomegaly
      (megalonucleocytosis).

PMID- 3389664
TI  - Inhalation toxicity and carcinogenesis studies of methylene chloride
      (dichloromethane) in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice.

PMID- 3389665
TI  - Long-term carcinogenicity bioassays on methylene chloride administered by
      ingestion to Sprague-Dawley rats and Swiss mice and by inhalation to Sprague
      Dawley rats.
AB  - Methylene chloride was administered to Sprague-Dawley rats and Swiss mice by
      ingestion (stomach tube), in olive oil, at the doses of 500, 100 and 0 mg/kg body
      weight, once daily, 4-5 days weekly, for 64 weeks, and to Sprague-Dawley rats by
      inhalation, at the concentration of 100 and 0 ppm, 7 hours daily, for 5 days
      weekly. The inhalatory treatment was started on 13-week-old breeders, and male
      and female offspring (12-day embryos). The breeders and part of the offspring
      were exposed for 104 weeks; the other part of the offspring was exposed for 15
      weeks only. The most important findings were: (1) the increased incidence of
      pulmonary tumors in male mice treated by ingestion at 500 mg/kg body weight; (2)
      a not-significant increase in total malignant tumors in rats exposed by
      inhalation at 100 ppm for 104 weeks; and (3) a not-significant increase in total
      malignant mammary tumors in female rats given methylene chloride by ingestion at
      500 mg/kg body weight.

PMID- 3389666
TI  - DNA and chromosome damage induced by acetaldehyde in human lymphocytes in vitro.

PMID- 3389667
TI  - Causes of human cancer: what is known and what is knowable. Evaluation by
      International Program on Chemical Safety (IPCS) expert committees.

PMID- 3389668
TI  - Epidemiologic approaches to evaluation. Discussion paper.

PMID- 3389669
TI  - Epidemiologic approaches to evaluation of carcinogens.

PMID- 3389670
TI  - Recent laboratory studies in chemical carcinogenesis: gasoline.

PMID- 3389672
TI  - Carcinogenesis studies of benzene, methyl benzene, and dimethyl benzenes.

PMID- 3389671
TI  - Further evidence of benzene carcinogenicity. Results on Wistar rats and Swiss
      mice treated by ingestion.
AB  - Wistar rats and Swiss mice were treated by ingestion (stomach tube) with benzene
      in olive oil at a dose of 500 and 0 mg/kg b.w. once daily, 4-5 days weekly, for
      104 weeks (rats) or for 78 weeks (mice). In Wistar rats, benzene caused Zymbal
      gland carcinomas, carcinomas of the oral cavity, and carcinomas of the nasal
      cavities, and an increase in the incidence of total malignant tumors. In Swiss
      mice, benzene produced Zymbal gland carcinomas and dysplasias and an increase in
      the incidence of mammary carcinomas (in females), lung tumors, and total
      malignant tumors. These experiments further confirm that benzene is a
      multipotential carcinogen as was shown before by long-term bioassays performed on
      Sprague-Dawley rats in the same Experimental Unit.

PMID- 3389673
TI  - Trends in combustion technology in relation to health risk.
AB  - The general aspects of air pollutant formation during combustion are summarized,
      and emphasis placed on smoke emissions highly suspected of inducing cancer in
      human beings. A health risk index is defined, taking into account both quantities
      and toxicities of emission compounds. Pollutant formation during real combustion
      processes is discussed considering different fuels and different combustion
      devices both for stationary applications and for transportation. The possible
      technological actions for emission reduction with regard mainly to soot and
      polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons are described for different cases. The paper
      ends with some considerations of the prospects for research in the field of
      combustion and on the strategies of cooperation between combustion scientists and
      toxicologists.

PMID- 3389674
TI  - Biological monitoring of populations exposed to volatile petroleum products.

PMID- 3389675
TI  - Current perspectives on gasoline (light hydrocarbon)-induced male rat
      nephropathy.

PMID- 3389676
TI  - Recent laboratory studies in chemical carcinogenesis: benzene.

PMID- 3389677
TI  - Recent laboratory studies in chemical carcinogenesis. Discussion paper.

PMID- 3389678
TI  - Benzene and its biologic effects in humans. Discussion paper.

PMID- 3389679
TI  - Rat liver foci and in vitro assays to detect initiating and promoting effects of
      chlorinated ethanes and ethylenes.
AB  - Nine chlorinated aliphatics (CAs) were examined in a rat liver foci assay for
      tumor initiating and promoting activities. In this model, young adult male
      Osborne Mendel rats were first subjected to a partial hepatectomy, the test
      chemical was then administered at the maximum tolerated dose in the initiation or
      promotion phase in conjunction with diethylnitrosamine (DEN; 30 mg/kg b.w.) or
      phenobarbital (PB; 0.05 percent, w/w, in the diet), and gamma
      glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) was used as a putative preneoplastic indicator. When
      administered in the promotion protocol after initiation with DEN, 1,1
      dichloroethane, 1,1,2-trichloroethane (1,1,2-TCE), 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane
      (1,1,2,2-TTCE), tetrachloroethylene (TTCY), and hexachloroethane induced
      significant increases in GGT+-foci above control levels. 1,1,2,2-TTCE, TTCY, and
      1,1,2-TCE also induced significant increases in GGT+-foci when administered in
      the promotion protocol without DEN initiation. Two variants of GGT+-foci were
      observed: the classical type associated with PB promotion, and the other, which
      was more diffuse, less intensely stained, resembling foci undergoing
      redifferentiation and associated with CAs. A number of CAs were also genotoxic in
      short-term in vitro tests. Taken together, the studies suggest that CAs may be
      complete carcinogens in vivo with weak initiating activity and stronger promoting
      activity.

PMID- 3389680
TI  - Hepatic metabolism and carcinogenesis. Its role in hepatoma and adenocarcinoma.
AB  - The effect of carcinogenesis on various hepatic microsomal parameters and related
      cell functions was studied in two tumor models. Hepatocarcinoma was produced by
      diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) (Solt-Farber model)
      and mammary adenocarcinoma using R3230 AC cancer cell line. In these models the
      effect of the tumor on metabolic functions of hepatocytes was studied. In the
      DEN/2AAF tumor model in nodules phase I components (cytochrome P-450, aminopyrine
      N-demethylase, arylhydrocarbon hydroxylase) were reduced, together with
      microsomal progesterone content and total and specific progesterone binding.
      Phase II components (glutathione, glutathione S-acyltransferase, UDP-glucuronyl
      transferase, epoxide hydrolase) were increased. In hepatoma the effects were more
      enhanced. Nodules grown in the speen retained the dedifferentiated enzyme
      characteristics. In the R3230 AC mammary adenocarcinoma phase I components of the
      hepatic endoplasmic reticulum were reduced, and phase II components increased.
      Progesterone content and receptor binding were also increased. These results
      indicate that enzymatic abnormalities in the liver cell are connected with cancer
      production and the hepatic dedifferentiation seems to be indistinguishable in
      tumor-bearing liver from those seen with extrahepatic neoplasms.

PMID- 3389682
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of benzene in a human after exposure at about the permissible
      limit.
AB  - This limited range of experimental human exposure indicates that: 1. In the
      single experimental subject, the amount of benzene retained in the body 10 hours
      and more after exposure depends on the multiple of the concentration and duration
      of exposure. 2. At concentrations about the threshold limit value, the presence
      of other hydrocarbons does not affect the retention or elimination of benzene. 3.
      The amount of benzene retained in the body for 10 or more hours is dependent on
      the energy expenditure of the subject during exposure. There is reason to think
      that elimination after exposure is similarly affected. 4. While the principal
      route for elimination of benzene is the metabolite, conjugated phenol, in urine,
      the proportion eliminated in breath depends on the duration of exposure in the 1-
      to 8-hour range. 5. Three or four distinct compartments for retaining benzene are
      apparent and these may be identified with specific groups of organs in the body.
      6. Mathematical modelling of the system can provide a reasonably accurate
      representation of benzene behavior in the body, and should enable dosage to
      individual or groups of organs to be estimated after occupational exposure. 7.
      Diurnal variation in the elimination of benzene after exposure may introduce a
      factor of uncertainty of about two into the prediction of exposure from
      biological monitoring. 8. Patterns of retention and elimination of toluene are
      very similar to those of benzene, though the principal metabolite in urine is
      different, and there may be a limit to the maximum amount that can be excreted by
      that route due to the relatively low solubility of hippuric acid in aqueous
      solutions.

PMID- 3389681
TI  - The role of intervention studies in ascertaining the contribution of dietary
      factors in lung cancer. The Seattle chemoprevention trial of retinoids in
      asbestos-exposed workers.

PMID- 3389683
TI  - Species differences in butadiene metabolism between mouse and rat.
AB  - Studies on inhalation pharmacokinetics of 1,3-butadiene were conducted in mice
      (B6C3F1) and rats (Sprague-Dawley) to investigate the considerable differences in
      the susceptibility of both species to butadiene-induced carcinogenesis. In rats
      and mice metabolism of 1,3-butadiene to 1,2-epoxybutene-3 follows saturation
      kinetics. "Linear" (first-order) pharmacokinetics apply at exposure
      concentrations below 1000 ppm 1,3-butadiene. Saturation of butadiene metabolism
      is observed at atmospheric concentrations of about 2000 ppm butadiene. In the
      lower concentration range where first-order metabolism applies, metabolic
      clearance of inhaled 1,3-butadiene per kg body weight was 7300 ml (gas volume) x
      hr-1 for mice and 4500 ml x hr-1 for rats. The calculated maximal metabolic
      elimination rates (Vmax - conditions) were 400 mumol x hr-1 x kg-1 for mice and
      220 mumol x hr-1 x kg-1 for rats. This shows that 1,3-butadiene is metabolized by
      mice at about twice the rate of rats, under conditions of both low and high
      exposure concentrations.

PMID- 3389684
TI  - Mutagenesis and carcinogenesis of halogenated ethylenes.

PMID- 3389685
TI  - Genotoxicity of organic extracts from atmospheric particles.
AB  - Experiments to evaluate the genotoxic potentialities of urban air particles
      sampled in Paris (France) after organic solvent extraction have been carried out
      using four in vitro genotoxicity tests. The two bacterial tests (the Ames test
      and the SOS Chromotest) demonstrate the genotoxicity of the organic extracts of
      atmospheric particles; two additional tests (induction of 6-thioguanine mutants
      and sister chromatid exchanges), carried out on V79 Chinese hamster cells, also
      confirm these potentialities. These results show clearly that particulate organic
      extracts induce point mutations in both bacteria and mammalian cells, or the
      cellular response (SOS repair) to these mutations in bacteria; likewise, they are
      responsible for clastogenic effects in mammalian cells. Genotoxicity is due
      either to direct genotoxic chemicals or to active metabolic products of the
      action of microsomal enzymes. The optimalization of testing procedures is
      discussed in order to appreciate the contribution of genotoxicity tests to the
      study of atmospheric pollution.

PMID- 3389686
TI  - Clinical chemical carcinogens and bureaucratic intransigence.

PMID- 3389687
TI  - Detection of genotoxic substances in cancer patients receiving antineoplastic
      drugs.
AB  - A short-term bacterial mutation test, the SOS Chromotest, has been used to detect
      the excretion in urine of genotoxic metabolites of antineoplastic drugs
      administered to cancer patients. In this test, the damage to the DNA of the test
      bacteria is expressed by the production of beta-galactosidase, which can be
      quantitatively assessed and is proportional to the concentration of the drug.
      Kinetic curves of excretion for adriamycin, bleomycin, dacarbazine, cis-platinum
      and vincristine and their mixtures have been constructed from standard curves
      relating the intensity of the beta-galactosidase response to the concentration of
      drugs dissolved in normal urine. Comparative data on extraction and concentration
      of the drugs from urine or serum by means of selective resin or silica columns
      are presented.

PMID- 3389688
TI  - The SOS Chromotest, a colorimetric assay based on the primary cellular responses
      to genotoxic agents.
AB  - The SOS Chromotest is a quantitative bacterial colorimetric assay for genotoxins.
      Substantial validation is now available. We describe the tester strain as well as
      results of validation studies. Comparison of the results with those obtained in
      the Mutatest (the Ames test) showed that most (90 percent) of the mutagenic
      compounds were also SOS inducers. For these compounds, a quantitative correlation
      was observed between the mutagenic potency and the SOS-inducing potency (SOSIP).
      The present data indicate that the SOS Chromotest has many practical advantages
      and may be used as a primary screening tool or as part of a battery of short-term
      tests for carcinogens. Theoretical considerations on the relation between the
      SOSIP and the mutagenic potency are briefly discussed.

PMID- 3389689
TI  - Cigarette smoking among school pupils in Italy.
AB  - The aim of this study was to investigate the behavior of young subjects towards
      cigarette smoking. We selected two homogeneous samples of about 500 people from
      the student population high schools in two Italian cities, Reggio Emilia in the
      north and Catania in the south. The students were given a questionnaire
      containing 23 principal questions regarding the social-familial environment, the
      habit of smoking, the habit as it related to the social environment, the
      correlations between smoking and health, and the possible behavior towards
      smoking and smokers. The observed findings were processed with the time-sharing
      General Electric system, using a modified statistical package.

PMID- 3389690
TI  - Technology, development, stewardship and ethical considerations.

PMID- 3389691
TI  - Adequacy of current structures.

PMID- 3389692
TI  - Adequacy of current governmental monitoring.

PMID- 3389693
TI  - Living in a chemical world. Scientific uncertainty and industrial policy.

PMID- 3389694
TI  - The role of scientific research and of research workers.

PMID- 3389695
TI  - The economics of regulatory failure. A comparison of regulation and products
      liability laws.

PMID- 3389696
TI  - Ethical and metaethical criteria for emerging technologies.

PMID- 3389697
TI  - Ethical and metaethical considerations on environmental and occupational health
      problems.

PMID- 3389698
TI  - Living in a chemical world.

PMID- 3389700
TI  - [Oxalosis: a rare cause of terminal renal insufficiency in infants. Apropos of a
      case].

PMID- 3389699
TI  - [Post-transfusional graft versus host disease. Apropos of 3 cases].

PMID- 3389701
TI  - [Aortic thrombosis manifested by a picture of aortic coarctation: a complication
      of neonatal umbilical catheterization].

PMID- 3389702
TI  - [10 congenital trigger fingers. Apropos of a case].

PMID- 3389703
TI  - Port-wine stain--a surgical and psychological problem.
AB  - Patients with large and small port-wine stains have been studied using an
      intensive interview technique. Those with large defects were shown to have
      reality problems in common. In addition, their experiences were found to be
      tempered by individual life events and personality dynamics. Those with small
      port-wine stains who sought treatment showed no reality problems but experienced
      great individual psychological problems, which in this study are proved to be the
      same type. The implications of these findings for prophylaxis against mental
      illness as well as factors to take into consideration when treating these
      patients are discussed.

PMID- 3389704
TI  - Breast reconstruction with a subcutaneous tissue expander followed with a
      polyurethane-covered silicone breast implant.
AB  - We have reexamined the subcutaneous route of reconstruction of the breast
      following mastectomy. For either delayed or immediate reconstruction of the
      breast, we have used a subcutaneously placed Radovan tissue expander, followed by
      expansion of the skin flap, then capsulotomy and insertion of the polyurethane
      coated implant. The results of these procedures are presented after follow-up
      periods ranging from one and one-half to three years, with more than satisfactory
      results.

PMID- 3389705
TI  - A sitting position for mammaplasty with general anesthesia.
AB  - The final cosmetic result achieved by a mammaplasty is judged primarily upon the
      size, shape, and position the breasts assume with the individual in the erect
      position. For the past thirty-five years we have used the sitting position for
      certain mammaplasty procedures. It has proved especially advantageous and indeed
      mandatory for those mammaplasties in which the new nipple-areolar site has not
      been determined before operation. When we first used this position, complications
      were encountered. This finding prompted an analysis of the entire problem and the
      institution of measures to prevent complications. With time, a simple routine for
      positioning the patient evolved. Special measures are used to ensure the
      integrity of the cardiovascular, respiratory, and musculoskeletal systems. The
      peripheral nerves and peripheral soft tissue structures must be protected. If the
      proper care is taken, the sitting position for mammaplasty is safe, and it can be
      of real value to the surgeon.

PMID- 3389706
TI  - Use of magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the evaluation of skin flap
      circulation.
AB  - The assessment of events that occur in elevated skin flaps has been largely by
      indirect methods. A method was sought that gives direct, reproducible, and
      accurate data about physiological and biochemical changes that occur during flap
      elevation and during periods of altered blood flow. Because of its ability to
      monitor changes in the levels of high energy phosphorus metabolites (ATP or
      adenosine triphosphate, PCr, or phosphocreatin, Pi, or inorganic phosphate), 31p
      magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) holds promise of providing direct
      assessment of the metabolic status and biochemical changes that occur during skin
      flap elevation. MRS monitoring was performed on raised abdominal skin flaps of 12
      rats. Abdominal flaps in 4 animals served as controls with and without total
      vascular occlusion while arterial blood flow was manipulated in 4 flaps and
      venous flow in 4 flaps. The results have validated the ability of MRS to
      determine cellular levels of ATP, PCr, and Pi in skin flaps, and to measure
      intracellular pH through the chemical shift of the Pi resonance.

PMID- 3389707
TI  - Fatal necrotizing fasciitis following suction-assisted lipectomy.
AB  - Forty-eight hours following extensive blunt suction lipectomy with 3,000 cc of
      tissue removed, a 36-year-old woman presented to an emergency room with
      necrotizing fasciitis of both lower extremities extending over the buttock and to
      the lower third of the back. Tissue cultures and blood culture grew out a pure
      culture of beta-hemolytic streptococci. The patient rapidly progressed into a
      comatose state and, despite extensive debridement and appropriate antibiotic
      therapy, in addition to hyperbaric oxygen treatments, she died on day 9 of her
      hospitalization (day 11 following the suction lipectomy). To our knowledge this
      is the first published mortality reported in the United States following this
      procedure.

PMID- 3389708
TI  - Free flap donor site refinement using tissue expansion.
AB  - Posttransfer tissue expansion has been used to negate concern for the aesthetic
      donor site deformity following 15 free tissue transfers involving donor sites of
      the scalp, trunk, and extremities. There appears to be no contraindication to
      placing these implants immediately, as was done in 87% of cases, although it is
      recommended that expansion be delayed until adequate wound healing has occurred
      at any skin graft interface. This technique has had major positive benefits for
      refining the radial forearm flap and hair-bearing temporoparietal fasciocutaneous
      flap defects, which may have heretofore been avoided secondary to aesthetic
      concerns. Tissue expansion techniques should be considered as an important
      adjunct for any microsurgical reconstructive effort.

PMID- 3389709
TI  - Purpura fulminans.
AB  - The purpose of this article is to call attention to an unusual syndrome that may
      lead to a major loss of soft tissue, limb, and life. The application of
      principles learned from trauma and burn care may substantially reduce the
      morbidity and mortality, which in the past have been associated with purpura
      fulminans.

PMID- 3389711
TI  - Respiratory distress following cleft lip repair: the role of obligatory nasal
      breathing in the infant.
AB  - It is widely held that neonates are obligatory nasal breathers. Although cleft
      lip repair may compromise the nasal airway, respiratory distress following such a
      procedure is rarely reported. A review of the literature reveals that only a
      minority of neonates are obligatory nasal breathers. When the nasal airway is
      compromised in these patients, however, respiratory distress may result. Two
      patients with this complication are presented, and their successful treatment
      with a nasopharyngeal airway is described.

PMID- 3389710
TI  - Treatment of extensive adenoma sebaceum with a carbon dioxide laser.
AB  - This case report documents the successful removal of a sizable and symptomatic
      adenoma sebaceum from the face, nose, and palate with the carbon dioxide laser.

PMID- 3389713
TI  - Re: James: What size prosthesis for augmentation mammaplasty?

PMID- 3389712
TI  - A blunt subpectoral dissector for mammary augmentation.

PMID- 3389715
TI  - Association of Clinical Biochemists: national meeting. Focus '88. Blackpool,
      United Kingdom, 23-27 May 1988. Abstracts.

PMID- 3389714
TI  - Re: Fonseca: aesthetic reduction of the upper lip.

PMID- 3389716
TI  - Mechanical induction of Osteogenesis. Preliminary studies.
AB  - The animal model developed in the Soviet Union by Ilizarov has been reliably
      reproduced by us for the mechanical induction of osteogenesis using slow
      distraction. Our preliminary studies in six adult dogs indicate that this
      osteogenesis originates from well-structured intramembranous ossification, with
      rapid maturation to lamellar bone, indistinguishable from surrounding host bone.
      Mineralization increases steadily, reaching critical levels for radiographic
      visualization between Days 21 and 28. In this model, the osteogenic area then
      exceeds normal bone density temporarily but returns to normal density within
      three months. Distraction for 28 consecutive days (at 0.25 millimeters every six
      hours using rigid transfixion wires, as Ilizarov describes) reliably lengthened
      the tibiae by 12 percent, increasing mass by 27 percent, and volume by 26 percent
      with only a one percent change in overall density. The process required four
      months to add 24 millimeters of mature, lamellar bone capable of full weight
      bearing by the dogs. This rate of osteogenesis, estimated at 202 microns per day,
      is four times faster than a human's fastest growth plate (child's distal femur at
      50 microns per day). Calcium/collagen ratios did not differ significantly from
      normal bone controls.

PMID- 3389717
TI  - Cultured human proximal tubule cells as a model for aminoglycoside
      nephrotoxicity.
AB  - Despite numerous clinical and animal studies, the initial injury and pathogenesis
      of aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity remains unclear. To compliment and extend
      existing research avenues, a cell culture model system representative of the
      human proximal tubule (HPT) was tested to determine its applicability for use in
      studies assessing aminoglycoside-induced cellular toxicity. For this
      determination, the proximal tubule cell cultures were exposed to increasing
      concentrations of streptomycin and monitored for cell death and light and
      electron microscopic changes under both confluent (resting) and subconfluent
      (actively-dividing) culture conditions. Confluent cultures exposed to
      streptomycin were also assessed for possible alterations in transport activities
      by monitoring the electrical properties of the cells through Ussing chamber
      analysis. Both the confluent and subconfluent cultures demonstrated concentration
      dependent toxicity to streptomycin. Ultrastructural analysis disclosed that both
      actively-dividing and stationary cultures contained "myeloid bodies" within the
      cytoplasm, consistent with those known to occur in vivo. In studies relating cell
      numbers to the dosage and time of exposure to streptomycin, the confluent
      cultures demonstrated and "insult-recovery" period at toxic, but sub-lethal,
      concentration, again correlating to the known in vivo experience with this class
      of antibiotics. The subconfluent cultures demonstrated increased resistance to
      the toxic effects of streptomycin, again mimicking the clinical experience with
      aminoglycoside toxicity. Chamber analysis, at a streptomycin dose well below the
      toxic level, indicated changes in the transport activities of these cultured
      cells. It is proposed that the use of cultured proximal tubule cells could be a
      useful model system to extend current research avenues assessing the mechanism of
      aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity.

PMID- 3389718
TI  - Concurrent clinical and metabolic derangements in the newborn rat: a late phase
      sepsis model.
AB  - Gram negative sepsis is a leading cause of human newborn morbidity and mortality.
      The clinical signs and glucose and lactate concentration during the late phase of
      newborn rat endotoxicosis has not been well characterized. In order to define a
      late phase model of sepsis, simultaneous clinical signs (loss of response to pain
      [RP] and/or righting reflex [RR]), and metabolic (glucose, lactate)
      concentrations were studied in the 10 day old Sprague-Dawley rat. The rats were
      fasted for four hours and then injected with either saline (control) or 0.1 mg
      per kg Salmonella enteritidis (LD90 @ 24) endotoxin intraperitoneally. Rats were
      then examined every 15 minutes beginning two hours post injection for the
      presence or absence of loss of RR and/or loss of RP. Central blood samples were
      collected for determination of glucose and lactate at the moment of loss of the
      predetermined clinical parameter. Metabolic parameters were also determined on
      saline treated controls time matched to the experimental groups. Rats were
      grouped as follows: GrI, (n = 10), saline three hours post injection; GrIII, (n =
      10), saline five hours post injection; GrII, (n = 45), endotoxin at the moment of
      loss of RR; GrVI, (n = 14), endotoxin at 8.5 hrs post injection (termination of
      experiment, all with loss of RR); GrIV, (n = 11) endotoxin at loss of RP; and
      GrV, (n = 10) saline at 8.5 hr post injection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3389719
TI  - Protein analysis with bicinchoninic acid.
AB  - Some of the variables and the interferences which affect the reaction kinetics of
      proteins with bicinchoninic acid (BCA) (4,4'-dicarboxy-2,2'-biquinoline) have
      been studied. Interferences attributed to glucose, ascorbic acid, and uric acid
      in this reaction were significantly reduced by performing a two-point assay and
      by including borate ions in the buffer. The method was shown to be suitable for
      automation and can be applied for the analysis of protein in physiological
      fluids, such as cerebrospinal fluid and cells grown in tissue cultures. The
      method compared well with other established methods for protein assays, such as
      the Coomassie blue and the turbidimetric method, and it is more sensitive to
      globulins than albumins.

PMID- 3389720
TI  - [Evolution of ideas on gastroesophageal reflux].

PMID- 3389721
TI  - [Cholestatic hepatitis caused by ketoconazole].
AB  - The authors report a new Ketoconazole-induced hepatitis in which clinical,
      chemical and histological features show evidence of a cholestatic injury in a 62
      yrs-old female recovering once therapy is stopped. In this case-report, delay of
      onset of the illness is very short for a 200 mg-a-day prescription and no feature
      leads towards an immune response. This, may be, means that Ketoconazole-induced
      hepatitis should be led by an idiosyncrasic mechanism. Even if fatal hepatitis
      are rare, prescriptors have to beware of this therapy.

PMID- 3389722
TI  - [Fever as the sole symptom of Crohn's disease in an old man].

PMID- 3389723
TI  - [Esophageal pH measurement].

PMID- 3389724
TI  - [Gastroesophageal reflux. Medical treatment and pharmacologic perspectives].

PMID- 3389725
TI  - [Morphologic aspects of peptic esophagitis and endobrachyesophagus].

PMID- 3389726
TI  - Seasonal changes and the physical development of young Serere children in
      Senegal.
AB  - Children under 5-years old from a random sample of 40 families of the Serere
      people in Senegal were studied for two years, in 1981 and 1982. Two visits took
      place each year, one in the dry season, one in the rainy season. On each visit,
      height and weight were measured for all children. For children aged over two
      years, measures of biacromial and bi-iliocristal diameter, and biceps, triceps
      and subscapular skinfold thicknesses were also taken. Significant variation was
      found for all measures according to season. There were no significant differences
      between boys and girls. There were increases in the measures of biacromial and bi
      iliocristal diameter with age. Decreases with age in sub-cutaneous fat levels
      were compensated by a slight increase in muscle mass. Both height and weight
      velocities show seasonal variation, but the changes are not synchronised. Weight
      velocity was very low during the 1981 rainy season, whilst height velocity at the
      same period was comparable with that of English children. During the 1982 dry
      season, weight velocity was similar to that for European children, whilst height
      velocity for Serere children less than 3 years old was substantially reduced.
      Mean levels for each age group, together with the difference between observed and
      expected values of Quetelet's index show the effect of the 1981 rainy season on
      all children. These data also reveal the existence of a critical period between 6
      and 24 months of age when Serere infants are particularly vulnerable.

PMID- 3389728
TI  - Relationship between physical traits and rate of some common illnesses in newborn
      infants.
AB  - The morbidity rates of newborn infants suffering from jaundice or urinary tract
      infections (UTI) as well as total morbidity were determined in morphologically
      different groups of 1088 newborn infants. On the basis of body weight, body
      length, head circumference and Quetelet's index; the surveyed neonates divided
      into a modal (MI = mean +/- 0.67 SD) and two extreme groups: small (SI less than
      MI) and large (LI greater than MI), for each variable. The results show that, in
      general, infants with high morbidity, including those suffering from jaundice and
      UTI, have lower values of all the mentioned morphological traits than do healthy
      infants. Discriminant analyses of sick and healthy infants (three pairs of
      comparisons) indicate that decreased weight at birth is typical for all studied
      categories of morbidity. An additional finding was that infants suffering from
      UTI or other types of morbidity (total morbidity) originate from small-sized
      families in which the parents are generally older and the mother tends to be
      short and overweight.

PMID- 3389727
TI  - Fat distribution in children with cerebral palsy.
AB  - Triceps and subscapular skinfolds were measured on 95 North American children
      with cerebral palsy. Triceps fat was far more depleted than subscapular fat in
      comparison with population standards for sex, age and race. This truncal
      distribution of fat may be related to the high prevalence of under nutrition
      found in the sample.

PMID- 3389729
TI  - Structure of monthly increments of length, weight and head circumference in the
      first year: a pure longitudinal study of 200 Wroclaw infants.
AB  - One hundred boys and 100 girls born in Wroclaw, Poland from 1973 to 1975 were
      measured every month during the first year of life and every three months during
      the second. Body length and weight and head circumference were examined. The
      statistics of values of the traits and their increments and some of the
      correlation coefficients are given in the tables.

PMID- 3389730
TI  - The HLA polymorphism in five Brazilian populations.
AB  - A total of 977 White individuals living in five Brazilian cities, as well as 173
      Black individuals from two of these cities have been studied in relation to HLA-A
      and HLA-B. Allele frequency similarities among these populations are much more
      impressive than dissimilarities, and the differences, considering putative
      ancestors, are not remarkable. This limited variability can be only partially
      explained in terms of racial admixture, estimates of the latter using different
      alleles in the various populations showing disparate results. Linkage
      disequilibrium values vary between groups, that for A1-B8 being the most
      consistent, independent of sample or race. But four other haplotypes observed to
      be in significant disequilibrium in Portugal showed the same pattern in at least
      one of the five Brazilian White samples.

PMID- 3389731
TI  - Assortative mating, differential fertility and abnormal pregnancy outcome.
AB  - This study examines the relationship between spousal likeness in stature and two
      measures of reproductive success: the number of live-born children and the
      frequency of abnormal pregnancies, in a large British national sample. The
      analyses showed that as the husband-wife height difference increases so does the
      probability of having an abnormal pregnancy outcome. Increasing spousal
      similarity for height associates with increasing numbers of live-born children
      even after correcting for parental age, social and regional differences.

PMID- 3389732
TI  - Classifying, identifying and enumerating arbitrary relationships.
AB  - In studies of human genetic isolates, or pedigrees, it is often required to
      examine the relationships that exist between two individuals in the isolate. This
      may be of interest in connection with inbreeding, or in its own right, for
      example in the study of mating patterns. A scheme is developed for classifying
      any relationship between two individuals in a pedigree as a pair of integers.
      Relative to a common ancestor, the first integer counts the level of the
      relationship and the second the difference in generation between the individuals.
      The scope of this scheme is broad enough to encompass cases of multiplicity of
      relationships and half-relationships. An algorithm for counting the number of
      times a given relationship occurs between two individuals is outlined. This
      algorithm assumes that recursion is possible and that the information on the
      pedigree is stored in such a way that the parents of an individual can be readily
      traced. It has been implemented in Algol 68 and in C. The method is illustrated
      by an example from the complex Samaritan pedigree.

PMID- 3389733
TI  - The prediction of total body water using bioelectrical impedance in children and
      adolescents.
AB  - Total body water was measured in 26 children and adolescents using the stable
      isotope H2O18. Body resistance was measured using a tetrapolar technique with a
      constant 50Khz, 800 microA alternating current. Total body water was highly
      correlated (r = 0.97; P less than 0.001) with height2/body resistance.
      Measurements of body resistance are non-invasive, rapid and readily acceptable to
      children. For these reasons the measurement of body resistance requires further
      investigation, including cross validation studies and is a potentially valuable
      technique for assessing body composition in the paediatric population.

PMID- 3389734
TI  - Interferon-induced inhibition of a malignant glioma cell line. Possible role of
      the 2' - 5' oligo (A) system.
AB  - The role of the IFN-induced enzyme 2' - 5' oligo (A) synthetase in the regulation
      of cell growth was analyzed by transfecting its reaction product into cells in
      the G1 and S phases of the cell cycle. Using the calcium phosphate transfection
      method, we found that the oligonucleotide was very stable compared to the levels
      reported to be induced by IFN. Under these circumstances, exponentially growing
      cells were blocked in the S phase as expected from previous results from studies
      on IFN treatment. In contrast, cells synchronized by serum starvation and
      readdition of serum were blocked in the cell cycle phase, where they resided when
      transfected. Precipitated oligonucleotide had drastic effects with degradation of
      rRNA and c-myc mRNA, in contrast to IFN-treated cultures where such effects were
      not detectable. 2' - 5' oligo (A) synthetase activity started to increase 6 hours
      after restimulation of quiescent cells with IFN and serum. We propose that
      several molecular targets may exist for the 2' - 5' oligo (A) system, and that
      the kinetics of expression of the oligonucleotide after addition of IFN determine
      the type of cell cycle block obtained in different tumor cells in vivo.

PMID- 3389736
TI  - The semistability of centric chromatin bodies during long-term passage of
      multidrug resistant mouse-Chinese hamster cell hybrids.
AB  - In a cell fusion experiment with multidrug resistant (MDR) mouse SEWA tumor cells
      and sensitive Chinese Hamster CHO cells, the resistant hybrid cells were
      completely without recognizable mouse chromosomes. Instead, numerous chromatin
      bodies (CB) were found that contained copies of a high molecular weight P
      glycoprotein gene (PGY1) associated with the MDR condition. The present paper
      reports on the CB under long-term selective and nonselective growth. The CB were
      of a stability intermediate between that of double minutes (DM) and homogeneously
      staining regions (HSR). The stability of the CB was different in the two hybrid
      lines studied.

PMID- 3389735
TI  - Comparative study of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein molecular variants in ascitic
      fluid of cancer and non-cancer patients.
AB  - alpha 1-Acid glycoproteins (alpha 1-AG) were collected from the ascites of
      patients with liver cirrhosis or liver cancer, respectively, and their physical,
      chemical, and biological properties were compared. The substance obtained from
      patients with liver cancer showed a 2-3 times higher inhibitory effect on
      [3H]thymidine uptake by human peripheral lymphocytes stimulated with PHA than
      that obtained from patients with cirrhosis. The two substances showed differences
      in their affinity to wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) and concanavalin A (Con A). Of
      the fractions obtained by lectin affinity chromatography, the Con-A bound
      fraction showed the greatest lymphocyte proliferation inhibitory activity. The
      alpha 1-AG levels were elevated in both the patients with cancer and those with
      infectious disease, but the level of the Con-A bound fraction was elevated only
      in those with cancer. This study suggests that the molecular variants of alpha 1
      AG differ in their carbohydrate structure with the disease, and that the cellular
      immunity of the host way be partially controlled by changes in the content of
      these molecular variants.

PMID- 3389737
TI  - Influence of phase I early clinical trials on the quality of life of cancer
      patients. A pilot study.
AB  - A non-randomized, prospective, two-arm pilot study was conducted to assess the
      impact of clinical phase I trials with new cytotoxic drugs on the quality of life
      (QOL) of cancer patients, comparing a 10-item linear analog self-assessment
      (LASA) and Karnofsky performance scale (KPS) of 18 patients treated in phase I
      protocols versus 8 patients treated with standard/low efficacy cytotoxic or
      endocrine 1-2 drug regimens. There was no negative significant influence of
      treatment in phase I protocols either on LASA and KPS at the times before, during
      and after study or on changes (delta LASA, delta KPS) occurring with treatment.
      On the contrary, there was a slight positive influence of treatment within phase
      I protocols on self-assessed social activity (delta LASA) and on delta KPS when
      the groups were compared throughout the complete observation period. In addition,
      within the total study population there was significant positive influence of
      overall anticancer medication on psychological and social aspects of LASA, as
      indicated by feeling of well being, mood, level of activity and level of anxiety.
      Moreover, KPS and questions regarding appetite within LASA correlated with
      prognosis as measured by survival time, and intra-individual response comparison
      revealed the dominance of a differentiated reliable response type among our
      patients.

PMID- 3389738
TI  - The inhibitory effects of teniposide and homoharringtonine on the growth of
      pancreatic carcinoma cells in vitro.
AB  - The inhibitory effect of VM-26 and Homoharringtonine (HHT) on the in vitro growth
      of a human pancreatic cell line (MIA PaCa-2) was tested. The ID50 of VM-26 and
      HHT was 6 x 10(-7) M and 2 x 10(-5) M respectively. Increasing time exposure from
      1 hr to continuous exposure for 5 days resulted in a 30-fold decrease in ID50 for
      VM-26 and a 2,000-fold decrease for HHT. 14C-labelled thymidine and leucine
      studies revealed that VM-26 inhibited DNA synthesis, while HHT inhibited both DNA
      and protein synthesis.

PMID- 3389740
TI  - Correlation of in vitro cytotoxicity with preclinical in vivo antitumor activity.
AB  - Several human and murine tumor cell lines were evaluated in an in vitro
      cytotoxicity assay as prescreens for fermentation extracts and pure materials
      subsequently tested in vivo against P388 leukemia or B16 melanoma. Each material,
      regardless of its in vitro cytotoxicity, was evaluated in vivo. At the criteria
      levels of in vitro positivity and in vivo activity invoked, a highly significant
      relationship between these two endpoints was demonstrated for each cell line.
      When cell lines were compared, most of them performed in a similar manner, with
      HCT-116 human colon carcinoma cells providing a modest advantage predicting for
      P388 activity in some comparisons. Using the data from any two cell lines in
      concert did not improve the acuity of the prescreen beyond that associated with
      the better cell lines used singularly and only a minority of active materials was
      predicted for uniquely. Overall, the in vitro cytotoxicity assay provided a
      useful prescreen for selecting P388 and B16 in vivo active materials.

PMID- 3389739
TI  - Evidence for a novel binding site for the synthetic progestogen, gestodene on
      oestrogen receptor in human malignant tissue.
AB  - The binding of the synthetic progestogen, 17 alpha-ethinyl-13 beta-ethyl-17 beta
      hydroxy-4,15-gonadiene-3-one (gestodene) to estrogen receptor (ER) in malignant
      breast disease is refractory to competition by excess amounts of estra-1,3,5 (10)
      triene-3,17 beta-diol (estradiol, E2) or tamoxifen, whereas gestodene in excess
      amounts can reduce the E2 binding sites by 31-44% and increase the Ka 2-3 times.
      Given the close similarity of the number of binding sites measured by E2 or
      gestodene and the similarity of dissociation constants, we propose that in the
      already altered ER of the malignant human breast there is another binding site
      for gestodene which closely approximates in number and affinity the binding site
      for E2, and that gestodene itself is capable of bringing about a configurational
      change which greatly reduces the binding of E2 to ER without completely
      abolishing it.

PMID- 3389741
TI  - A comparative study of the effects of anthracycline derivatives on a human
      adenocarcinoma cell line (LoVo) grown as a monolayer and as spheroids.
AB  - The cytotoxicity of doxorubicin (DX), 4'-O-methyl-DX (MET-DX), 4'-deoxy DX (DEO
      DX), 4'-deoxy-4'-iodo-DX (IODO-DX), daunorubicin (DNR)and 4-demethoxy-DNR (DM
      DNR) on LoVo cells cultured as a monolayer (in exponential and stationary phases
      of growth) and as spheroids, are evaluated following 1-h exposure to the drugs.
      All compounds were more cytotoxic than DX in both systems. A comparison of the
      ID50 values for cell survival of monolayer cells and of the inhibition of
      relative growth of individual spheroids indicated that MET-DX and DNR, like DX,
      were less cytotoxic on spheroids than on monolayer cells in both growth
      conditions; DEO-DX, IODO-DX and DM-DNR showed an activity on spheroids that was
      intermediate between that observed on monolayer cells in exponential and
      stationary phases of growth. This observation indicated that the different
      pattern of activity of these anthracyclines on a spheroids system is not only
      related to the presence of cells at different cell cycle phases, but presumably
      also depends on factors related to the 3-dimensional structure of spheroid cells.
      Indeed DEO-DX, IODO-DX and DM-DNR, more lipophilic than the other compounds,
      might penetrate more deeply into spheroids, thus improving the cytotoxic response
      in this experimental system.

PMID- 3389742
TI  - Flow cytometry analysis of the growth inhibitory effect of 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen on
      a human breast carcinoma cell line.
AB  - Growth kinetics of BT-20 cells (an ER- cell line) have been studied with flow
      cytometry, cell counting and 3H-thymidine incorporation. The cell cycle lasts
      about 40 hours, with a maximum SG2M about 25h after seeding. 4-Hydroxy-tamoxifen
      (OH-Tamoxifen) (10(-7) M to 10(-5) M) inhibits BT-20 cell growth with maximum
      inhibition at 24-28h after plating. The inhibitory effect of OH-Tamoxifen is also
      demonstrated by a decrease in 3H-thymidine incorporation and by a reduction in
      cell number. These results suggest that OH-Tamoxifen is able to act upon an ER
      cell line through a pathway which is different from that of estrogens.

PMID- 3389743
TI  - In vitro evaluation of the anticancer drug modulatory effect of hyaluronidase in
      human gastrointestinal cell lines.
AB  - In an attempt to establish whether the combination of anticancer drugs with
      hyaluronidase would result in enhanced cytotoxicity, we have tested a range of 6
      continuous cell lines against 4 different chemotherapeutic drugs with or without
      the addition of various concentrations of the enzyme. Measurement of cytotoxic
      drug effects has been performed using the Bactec system, a new semiautomated
      radiometric technique. In only 15 of a total of 144 experiments (11%) was a
      significant hyaluronidase-mediated potentiation of the single agents' activity
      seen. In the large majority of experiments, the antiproliferative effect of the
      combined treatment was classified as additive or subadditive, while in 23% it was
      antagonistic. Evaluation of the drug modulatory mechanism of hyaluronidase
      suggested that the combined drug-hyaluronidase effects were independent of the
      nature of the drug, the exposure mode and the concentration of the enzyme
      employed. Among the various tumor cell lines tested there was a marked
      heterogeneity in the sensitivity to the combined effect (P less than 0.0001). In
      summary, we have not been able to confirm the promising results of early reports
      of in vitro and in vivo enhancement of the cytotoxicity of antitumor agents by
      hyaluronidase. Our data emphasize the need for further controlled clinical
      studies in order to prove or disprove this new therapeutic approach.

PMID- 3389744
TI  - The effect of high doses of methyl-CCNU on male and female fertility in SJL/J
      mice.
AB  - Single IP injection of high dose (LD 10) of methyl-CCNU administered to sexually
      mature male mice resulted in severe inhibition of spermatogenesis and reduction
      in testicular wet weight, without significant changes in plasma testosterone
      levels, and with hyperplasia of the interstitum, including Leydig cells, in the
      testis. These effects were temporary, spermatogenesis and testiculer weight
      recovered 50 days after treatment. Mating of the treated males with normal
      females demonstrated absolute sterility at 20 days and full recovery at 50 days
      after treatment. Administration of a single lethal dose (38 mg/kg, LD70) of
      methyl-CCNU to immature (25 day-old) male mice also caused severe but temporary
      inhibition of spermatogenesis, and mating of mice which survived the treatment
      and reached sexual maturity, with normal females, resulted in 80 to 100%
      pregnancies at 40 and 70 days after treatment, respectively. Three repeated
      injections of 30 mg/kg (at 10 day intervals) of methyl-CCNU to 15 day-old male
      mice resulted in inhibition of spermatogenesis without alteration in plasma
      testosterone. Ninety days after this treatment, only 40% of matings with normal
      females resulted in pregnancies. Female mice treated once with 20 mg/kg of methyl
      CCNU, 3 days before or 7 days after mating with normal males, showed complete
      failure to complete pregnancy-resorption of the embryos was demonstrated in those
      female mice treated 7 days after mating. After a second mating trial with these
      two treated groups, performed 40 to 55 and 42 days after the first trial,
      respectively, 80 and 86% of the females delivered offspring. However, average
      litter size was reduced to 4 in the second group, as compared to 8 in untreated
      mice. There were no apparent birth defects in the offspring of methyl-CCNU
      treated male or female mice.

PMID- 3389745
TI  - Radioimmunolocalisation of bladder tumors xenotransplanted in nude mice.
AB  - We have previously reported on the derivation of mouse monoclonal antibodies
      (Mabs), identifying several cell surface antigens selectively associated with
      cancer of the urinary bladder (TCC) (1-4). Three of these Mabs (4E8, SK4H and
      8F4) have now been assessed for their ability to localise TCC-tumor xenografts in
      nude mice. The biodistribution of 125I-labeled intact Mabs as well as the
      corresponding Fab and F(ab')2 fragments from two of them were investigated in
      animals carrying TCC tumors or antigen negative control tumors. Using direct
      measurements of excised tissues, all three antibodies were seen to accumulate
      specifically in the TCC tumors, giving tumor to normal tissue ratios of between 3
      and 20 depending on the Mab used and the time after injection. Antibody fragments
      were generally more efficient in their localisation, mainly due to a dramatic
      reduction in the blood background as compared to intact Ig. One of the
      antibodies, 4E8, was also employed for external imaging with gamma camera
      scintigraphy using 111In or 131I as tracers. Excellent visualisation of the tumor
      sites could be obtained both with Fab fragments and intact antibody within 12-24
      hours after injection. As expected, background radioactivity was significantly
      lower with fragments than with whole molecules. 111In labeled antibodies appeared
      in all instances to be superior to the corresponding 131I conjugates. In
      conclusion, the present study indicates that the three anti TCC antibodies may
      become useful for the in vivo diagnosis of bladder cancer in man.

PMID- 3389746
TI  - Human bladder cancer associated antigens: evaluation of antigenicity in TCC
      tissues of different grades and in normal urothelium.
AB  - The expression of five antigens, associated with transitional cell carcinoma
      (TCC) of the urinary bladder on biopsies of tumors or normal urothelium, was
      studied by immunostaining with the corresponding monoclonal antibodies. Both
      tissue sections and single cell preparations were investigated with either
      indirect immunoperoxidase staining or immunofluorescence. All 5 antigens were
      expressed on the majority (70-90%) of sectioned tumor specimens from 44 TCC
      patients, and 4 of them were similarly expressed on single cell tumor
      preparations from 26 additional patients. However, in both types of preparation,
      the degree of expression of these antigens varied from scattered staining of less
      than 25% of the tumor cells to homogenous staining of all or almost all cells.
      This degree of expression varied individually for each of the antigens and was
      not related to the malignancy grade of the tumors. However, as most of the tumors
      were of grades II or III, no conclusions regarding the relationship of antigen
      expression to the aggressiveness of the tumors can be drawn. In any event, all
      tumors expressed at least one and mostly several of these antigens. Antigen
      expression on biopsies of normal bladder mucosa from TCC patients or on
      urothelial biopsies from patients with prostate hyperplasia was also observed on
      single cell specimens (34 patients) but not on sectioned material (9 patients).
      However, the frequency of positive specimens was much lower (4-20%). Moreover,
      the number of cells expressing one or, occasionally, several of the antigens in
      normal urothelium was small (usually less than 5%). Because of these marked
      differences in antigen expression between tumors and normal tissue, the results
      indicate that a combination of 3-5 of the antibodies used in this study may be
      suitable for diagnostic purposes.

PMID- 3389747
TI  - Metastatic spindle cell carcinoma: a complete response induced by cisplatin and 5
      fluorouracil.
AB  - A patient with biopsy-proven spindle cell carcinoma, of unknown primary site,
      metastatic to the neck and to the lung, was treated with chemotherapy consisting
      of cisplatin (20 mg/m2/day) on days 1-5 and 5-fluorouracil (1000 mg/m2/day) on
      days 1-5. The regimen was repeated every 28 days. The patient had a complete
      response confirmed by computerized tomography. The patient is in a disease-free
      status 12 months after diagnosis. Toxicity was mild. To our knowledge, this case
      represents the first chemotherapy induced complete response documented in this
      rare entity.

PMID- 3389748
TI  - Efficient malignant transformation of rat embryo fibroblasts by genomic DNA from
      Walker carcinoma cells.
AB  - DNA isolated from Walker carcinoma ascites cells was transfected into primary rat
      embryo fibroblasts (REF), selecting transformed cells by growth in soft agar
      after prolonged propagation in monolayer. Both high molecular weight genomic DNA
      and a partially purified mitochondrial DNA fraction were able to transform REF
      with high efficiency, whereas pure mitochondrial DNA failed to elicit a
      transformed phenotype. Hybridization experiments showed that the mitochondrial
      DNA fraction contained DNA species of presumably extramitochondrial origin.
      Colonies were cloned into morphologically transformed, foci-forming, immortalized
      cell lines, showing different degrees of chromosomal alterations, tumorigenicity,
      and production of cell growth factors. These results indicate that although REF
      are refractory to genomic neoplastic DNA or to single cloned oncogenes in the
      absence of enhancers, they can be efficiently transformed by chromosomal DNA from
      a highly malignant tumor under conditions selecting against the remaining normal
      cells.

PMID- 3389749
TI  - Effect of interferon-alpha (IFN alpha) on various human tumor xenografts.
AB  - The growth of some human tumor xenografts (3 out of 8, melanoma, non-Hodgkin's
      lymphoma, squamous cell carcinoma) was successfully--but moderately and
      temporarily--inhibited, when interferon-alpha (EGIS, Hungary) was given for 10
      days. The route of administration (intratumoral or intraperitoneal) was usually
      not a decisive factor. An attempt to potentiate IFNa action with Zymozan or
      Cyclophosphamide did not succeed.

PMID- 3389750
TI  - Application of an ELISA procedure for the quantitation of bromodeoxyuridine
      incorporated into cellular DNA.
AB  - We have developed a sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) procedure
      that uses a commercially-available anti-BrdUrd antibody for the quantitation of
      BrdUrd substituted into DNA. In our assay, 50% displacement occurs at 0.89 nM of
      BrdUrd in 2.2% BrdUrd-substituted DNA, which is equivalent to 2.47 ng of BrdUrd
      containing DNA. A fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated anti-BrdUrd antibody was
      used to determine the labeling index of cultured cells and in vivo tumors treated
      with BrdUrd. Combining results of the ELISA procedure (to determine the percent
      BrdUrd substitution), and flow cytometry (to determine the percentage of cells
      that incorporated BrdUrd) we found that BrdUrd incorporated into the DNA of cells
      in vitro and tumors in vivo could be quantitated with precision.

PMID- 3389751
TI  - Mechanisms of sex-steroid accumulation in the aetiology of human breast
      carcinoma: the role of intracellular sex hormone binding globulin.
AB  - In malignant breast tissue cytosols (n = 14), significantly high levels of
      oestradiol (E2), testosterone and 5a-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and sex hormone
      binding globulin (SHBG) were found as compared to breast tissue cytosols from
      normal women (n = 12) (p less than 0.001 for all parameters measured). In serum
      from the same patients and normal control groups no differences in these hormones
      or SHBG were detected, nor was relationship between serological and cytosolic
      levels observed. In the cytosol of the malignant group there was a significant
      correlation between testosterone and DHT, r = 0.98, p less than 0.001. This was
      also the case in the cytosol of normal breast tissue, r = 0.97, p less than
      0.001. No such correlation between the two androgens was observed in the sera of
      either group. We hypothesise that the malignant breast is able to regulate its
      own hormonal milieu and that the nearly 8 times higher levels of intracellular
      SHBG compared to those in normal breast cytosol may be one the factors
      responsible for this accumulation of sex-steroids. In addition, SHBG due to its
      higher affinity for androgens than for E2 may shift the balance in favour of free
      oestrogens in malignant breast tissue.

PMID- 3389752
TI  - Involvement of cell surface transferrin receptor in the assessment of estradiol
      stimulating effect on cultured breast cancer cells.
AB  - In order to find the reasons for the conflicting results depicted during the
      estradiol stimulations of cultured MCF7, breast cancer cells we investigated,
      besides cell counts, the cell surface transferrin receptor as an additional means
      of assessing the effect of estradiol. In this study we report results obtained
      using different culture conditions, i.e. short-term or long-term phenol-red
      withdrawn cells grown either in calf-serum supplemented media or defined media.
      Our results point out concurrent variations of cell counts and transferrin
      receptors when short-term phenol-red withdrawn cells were grown in defined media.
      Discrepancies were, however, observed when short-term phenol-red withdrawn cells
      were grown in serum-supplemented media or when long-term phenol-red withdrawn
      cells were grown in defined media. In both cases, only transferrin receptors
      account for estradiol stimulation. These results highlight the importance of
      transferrin receptor measurement in cultured breast cancer cell experiments and
      suggest cell kinetic perturbations due, in all likelihood, to serum factors or
      factors secreted by long-term phenol-red withdrawn cells.

PMID- 3389754
TI  - Ultrastructural study on the invasion of the basal lamina of retinal inner
      limiting membrane by esophageal carcinoma cells.
AB  - Esophageal carcinoma cells EC/CUHK1 were allowed to interact with the basal
      lamina of the inner limiting membrane of the retina in vitro. Both scanning and
      transmission electron microscopy revealed that tumour cells first attached to the
      basal lamina with filopodia and subsequently invaded into the ganglion cell layer
      of the retina. In addition, transmission electron microscopic studies
      demonstrated that tumour cells induced mechanical distortion as well as
      dissolution of the basal lamina.

PMID- 3389753
TI  - Antitumor efficacies of maltose tetrapalmitate immunotherapy alone and in
      combinations with radiotherapy and with cyclophosphamide chemotherapy against
      dimethylhydrazine induced colon and anal cancers in CDI mice.
AB  - Treatment of human colonic cancer in early stages when the process is still
      limited to the colonic wall is primarily surgery. We wished to see if maltose
      tetrapalmitate (MTP) immunotherapy alone or in combination with radiotherapy (R)
      and cyclophosphamide (C) chemotherapy would be effective against primary colon
      cancer in a fashion similar to that reported by us for primary liver cancer
      (Anticancer Research 6: 245-250, 1986). One hundred female CD1 mice were
      subjected to dimethylhydrazine (DMH) treatment once a week for 26 weeks, a period
      one week before which, colon cancer was histologically documented in each animal
      of a group that was sacrificed. Surprisingly, many of the animals harboured early
      anal cancer as well. At 28 weeks, 85 of the available animals were divided into 6
      groups that received: Gr. 1, no treatment; Gr. 2, MTP alone (M); Gr. 3,
      radiotherapy alone (R); Gr. 4, cyclosphophamide alone (C); Gr. 5, R + C; Gr. 6, M
      + R + C. Criteria of treatment efficacy were: number, size and staging of
      colorectal tumors and the incidence and the size of anal tumors at death. Mean
      survival time was also determined although it remained a questionable criterium
      since most animals died due to complication (hepatic toxicity, pyelonephritis,
      thrombose) elicited by DMH, R and C toxicities and not as a result of colonic
      tumor size or metastases. As a single therapy, M appeared to be superior to
      either R or C alone. However, R + C combination was effective and was further
      improved upon by its association with M. With the triple combination, (M + R +
      C), lesions of both cancers decreased in size and/or number and the colon cancer
      histologically eclipsed from 46% of the treated animals.

PMID- 3389755
TI  - Hypothalamic hamartomas and ictal laughter: evolution of a characteristic
      epileptic syndrome and diagnostic value of magnetic resonance imaging.
AB  - Detailed study of 4 patients and review of the literature allowed us to delineate
      further the epileptic syndrome associated with hypothalamic hamartomas, which
      characteristically begins in infancy with laughing seizures. Because early
      childhood psychomotor development is usually normal, the condition appears benign
      and may not even be recognized. The episodes of laughter are brief, frequent, and
      mechanical in nature. These features distinguish it from other forms of epileptic
      laughter, particularly that which occurs in temporal lobe epilepsy. Subsequently,
      the seizures become longer, other seizure types appear, and between the ages of 4
      and 10 years, the clinical and electroencephalographic features of secondary
      generalized epilepsy develop. Cognitive deterioration occurs and severe behavior
      problems are frequent. Prognosis for seizure control and social adjustment is
      poor. Cortical abnormality occurs in association with the hypothalamic hamartoma.
      The lesions are best detected by magnetic resonance imaging but may be difficult
      to identify by computed tomographic scanning.

PMID- 3389756
TI  - Mild senile dementia of the Alzheimer type: 2. Longitudinal assessment.
AB  - Forty-three subjects with mild senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT, so
      called probable Alzheimer's disease) were studied longitudinally by serial
      administration of several tests to rate dementia. Comparison was made with 58
      healthy elderly controls. The clinical diagnosis was confirmed in all 16
      autopsies. At 5 years after entry into the study, the cumulative rate of nursing
      home placement was 73%, and of death, 30%, rising at 7 years to 84% and 44%,
      respectively. Four of six clinical measures of dementia were found to correlate
      with the natural history of SDAT. Several measures are better than a single one
      in carrying out longitudinal studies of the disorder.

PMID- 3389757
TI  - Brain injury, handedness, and speech lateralization in a series of amobarbital
      studies.
AB  - Data on handedness and speech lateralization in patients selected for amobarbital
      studies have frequently been extrapolated to the normal population, despite the
      high frequency of brain injuries which might alter lateralization in these
      patients. To achieve a better definition of the relationships between brain
      injury, handedness, and speech lateralization, we reviewed the records of 237
      consecutive patients who underwent amobarbital testing. Brain injuries sufficient
      to cause right hemiparesis were strongly associated with left handedness and
      atypical (right hemisphere or bilateral) speech representation. Among
      nonhemiparetic patients, abnormal extratemporal radiological findings were
      associated with an increased incidence of left handedness and atypical speech
      lateralization. It was not possible to demonstrate any alteration in handedness
      or speech representation resulting from abnormalities restricted to the temporal
      lobes, although such alterations could not be excluded. Handedness and speech
      lateralization established using amobarbital studies in neurosurgical patients
      may not be representative of the normal population.

PMID- 3389758
TI  - Acute fulminating fatal leukoencephalopathy as the only manifestation of human
      immunodeficiency virus infection.
AB  - A case of acute human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection manifested by a
      rapidly fulminating, necrotizing, demyelinating encephalopathy that led to brain
      death in 5 days is reported. Autopsy demonstrated predominant white matter
      lesions, acute neuronal damage, and scanty cellular response. Cultures of
      cerebrospinal fluid were positive for HIV, suggesting an acute infection.

PMID- 3389759
TI  - Atlantoaxial subluxation in psoriatic arthropathy.
AB  - Symptomatic atlantoaxial dislocation occurs rarely in psoriatic arthropathy and
      has previously been reported only as a late complication in this disorder. We
      report severe upward axial dislocation and acquired basilar impression as a
      presenting manifestation of psoriatic arthropathy. Magnetic resonance imaging is
      useful in evaluating this condition.

PMID- 3389760
TI  - Motor neuron syndrome and monoclonal IgM with antibody activity against
      gangliosides GM1 and GD1b.
AB  - We demonstrated that an IgM M-protein from a patient with motor neuron syndrome
      had antibody activity against gangliosides GM1, GD1b, and asialo GM1. Studies
      with a sugar-binding lectin suggested that the epitope in the patient's M-IgM
      involved the Gal(beta 1-3) GalNAc moiety. Immunohistological techniques
      demonstrated staining of axons in the lumbar roots, granular cells, and white
      matter in the cerebellum by the patient's M-IgM. We propose that, in this case,
      an autoimmune mechanism of motor neuron syndrome associated with a monoclonal
      protein is most likely.

PMID- 3389761
TI  - An antineuronal autoantibody in paraneoplastic opsoclonus.
AB  - Sera from 7 patients with paraneoplastic opsoclonus were examined for
      antineuronal autoantibodies. An antibody against neuronal nuclei was found in
      serum from a patient with breast cancer, opsoclonus, and ataxia. This antibody
      recognized 53- to 61-kDa and 79- to 84-kDa antigens in immunoblots of neurons.
      Antineuronal antibodies were not found in other patients with paraneoplastic
      opsoclonus.

PMID- 3389763
TI  - [Innovations in computerized tomography: software routines and their relevance
      for mummy research and anthropology].
AB  - The application of computed tomography (CT) has been proved to be useful not only
      in present-day medicine, but also in non-clinical disciplines, as it is mummy
      research and physical anthropology. Concerning these fields CT-high-tech
      innovations as three-dimensional surface reconstruction, dual energy/bone mineral
      density--and metal artefact correction-programs are introduced and partly
      exemplified by investigation of human remains from ancient Egypt. The results
      point out that specific problems can be cleared up, which otherwise could be
      solved by means of destructive methods only. It is expected that future
      development of the mentioned CT-software helps to broaden its applicability.

PMID- 3389762
TI  - Growth in height, weight and skinfold thickness of Bengali boys of Calcutta,
      India.
AB  - This is the first comprehensive growth study of male children of Bengali
      parentage. The cross-sectional survey was undertaken in an urban high school
      situated in the north of the Metropolitan City of Calcutta during 1982 and 1983.
      The sample consisted of 815 healthy Bengali boys aged 7-16 years. In this paper,
      data on height, weight, and skinfold thicknesses are presented including patterns
      of change in these physical traits with increasing age. Mean values of height or
      weight of the boys--not representative for all school-going boys of Calcutta--are
      distinctly above the national standards given by the Indian Council of Medical
      Research. They are, however, shorter and lighter than the well-off boys of India
      but have a similar magnitude of subcutaneous fat on arm. Peak annual incremental
      growth in height and weight occurs in Bengali boys at 12-13 years and 14-15
      years, respectively. This is about one year earlier than in the well-off Indian,
      British, or American boys.

PMID- 3389764
TI  - [Approaches to the determination of social anthropologic status in Austria].
AB  - The variation of height and psychological test results based on the data of
      22,872 Austrian conscripts (year of birth: 1964) was analysed, considering urban
      rural and differences in occupation. The observed results are in accordance with
      the hitherto reported observations. It is seen that the social differences in
      body height are decreasing, whereas the social differences in intellectual
      capacities seem to increase.

PMID- 3389765
TI  - Environmental and sibling resemblance components of variance and covariance in
      traits of early child development.
AB  - The multiple regression analyses were undertaken to elucidate the significance
      and relative importance of different potential determinants of several child
      development traits (i.e. age at which child 1. turns himself over; 2. sits up; 3.
      stands up; 4. walks, and 5. cuts his first tooth). Despite the fact that we used
      a relatively wide gamut of potential determinants (such as parental age,
      geographic origin, occupation, current residence, or family size) of trait
      variability, the results of multiple regression analysis (N = 300 families)
      indicate an almost complete absence of significant factors and studied variables
      of development. Sibling resemblance component of variance and covariance for five
      mentioned traits of development and some morphological characters (weight, length
      and head circumference at day of birth and at 16 months) were studied in 66
      families. The transmissibility ("heritability") values for the development traits
      were small, ranging from 0 ("Turn") to 0.42 ("Walked"). The Findings suggest that
      there are significant inverse relationship between some of the developmental
      traits and inborn morphological characters.

PMID- 3389766
TI  - Estimated fat, bone mineral, total body water and cell solids in females of two
      communities of Punjab, India.
AB  - The data for the present study consist of 502 Jat-Sikh and 510 Bania females of
      Punjab (India), ranging in age from 20 to 80 years. The different components of
      the body i.e. fat, bone mineral, total body water and cell solids have been
      calculated from anthropometric measurements by applying different equations given
      by various investigators. While studying age changes in different components of
      the body, it is the fat component, which has undergone major fluctuations past
      maturity. It has increased significantly from age-group 20-29 to 40-49 in both
      Jat-Sikh and Bania females. A significant decrease in fat has been observed from
      age-group 60-69 to 70 +. The bone minerals have exhibited little changes with
      age. The total body water and cell solids show a significant increase from age
      group 20-29 to 30-39, followed by a decrease in both the communities. The
      decrease in these two components is statistically significant from age-group 40
      49 to 50-59 in Bania females only. While comparing the two communities it has
      been observed that bone minerals are significantly larger in Jat-Sikh females,
      and fat is significantly larger in Bania females except in the last two age
      groups. The other two components i.e. total body water and cell solids show
      statistically non-significant differences in the two communities.

PMID- 3389767
TI  - A study of non-metric (qualitative) variation in Gujarati crania.
AB  - Three hundred and seventy adult skulls (284 crania of unknown sex, 58 males and
      28 females) from Gujarat State of India were examined for the incidence of non
      metric variants and compared with other populations to establish the distance
      between them. In general the Gujarati incidences are of similar order to those in
      other series. The mean measures of divergence between Gujarati and other
      populations were all statistically significant (P less than 0.001). The Gujarati
      differed most from Australian Aborigines, but only slightly from the Burma,
      Punjab and Egypt samples. From the same material side and sex dimorphism was also
      tested to ascertain that how far sides and sexes can be pooled in Indian sample
      for making comparison between populations. In Gujarati population out of 22
      cranial variants only four show sex difference and in case of bilateral traits,
      none of the variant has shown significant (P less than 0.05) side to side
      difference.

PMID- 3389768
TI  - A comparative study of pterion formation and its variations in the skulls of
      Nigerians and Indians.
AB  - An attempt has been made to study and compare the incidence and variations in the
      pterion formation in the skulls of 40 Nigerians and 72 Indians obtained from the
      Department of Anatomy, University of Jos, Nigeria. The present study concludes:
      1. All the three varieties of pterion i.e. sphenoparietal, frontotemporal and
      stellate are found in both races. 2. The frequency of sphenoparietal pterion is
      high in both races (Indians 95.3%, Nigerians 84.79%) while the frontotemporal
      (Indians 3.46%, Nigerians 10.11%) and the stellate (Indians 1.38%, Nigerians
      5.06%) pterion are more common in Nigerians. 3. The frequency of epipteric bone
      is high in Indians (Indians 11.79%, Nigerians 3.79%) and is more commonly
      associated with sphenoparietal pterion. 4. No epipteric bone is associated with
      stellate pterion in both races. 5. The difference in the distance of pterion from
      the zygomatic arch is highly significant between two races on both sides. 6. The
      difference in the distance of pterion from the frontozygomatic suture is
      insignificant between the two races. 7. The frequency of "high Pterion" is more
      in Nigerians on both sides. 8. The frequency of "Backward Pterion" is more in
      Indians on the right side, whereas little more in Nigerians on the left side.

PMID- 3389769
TI  - Antiviral and immunomodulating activities of chemically synthesized lipid A
      subunit analogues GLA-27 and GLA-60.
AB  - Biological and antiviral activities of chemically synthesized lipid A-subunit
      analogues, GLA-27 and GLA-60, were investigated with respect to defense
      mechanisms such as macrophage and natural killer (NK) cell activation and
      interferon (IFN)-inducing activity. GLA-27, a 4-O-phosphono-D-glucosamine
      derivative carrying 3-O-tetradecanoyl (C14) and 2-N-3
      tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoyl (C14-O-(C14] group, and GLA-60, a similar analogue
      carrying 3-O-linked C14-O-(C14) and 2-N-linked 3-hydroxytetradecanoyl (C14-OH)
      groups, strongly inhibited the formation of pox tail lesions and the growth of
      vaccinia virus at the tail lesion sites in infected mice. The antiviral activity
      of GLA-60 was about 1000-fold higher than that of muramyldipeptide (MDP), a
      representative immunomodulator. GLA-27 and GLA-60 had stronger immunomodulating
      activity than MDP in macrophage activation, NK cell activation and IFN-inducing
      activity, although it was weaker than natural lipid A. Toxic manifestations such
      as pyrogenicity, local Schwartzman reaction and lethality were far less
      pronounced for GLA-27 and GLA-60 than for natural lipid A.

PMID- 3389771
TI  - Sporobolomyces yuccicola, a new species of ballistosporous yeast equipped with
      ubiquinone-9.
AB  - A hitherto undescribed ballistosporous yeast was isolated from a dead leaf of
      Yucca sp. in Canada. This yeast produces apiculate or short-ellipsoidal
      ballistospores, produces pale colored colonies, has Q-9 as the major ubiquinone,
      and does not contain xylose in the cells. This new yeast is described as
      Sporobolomyces yuccicola Nakase et Suzuki. Sporobolomyces yuccicola is the sixth
      species of the intermedius group, a group of atypical species of the genus
      Sporobolomyces equipped with Q-9.

PMID- 3389770
TI  - Oligotrophic bacteria from rendzina forest soil.
AB  - Oligotrophic bacteria were shown to exist abundantly in all layers of a rendzina
      forest soil throughout the year. Two-hundred-three oligotrophic bacteria were
      isolated from forest soil (Aoba, Sendai) at different layers (L, F, H and A
      layers) throughout the year, and their morphological and physiological
      characteristics were examined. A high proportion (95%) of the isolated
      oligotrophs were Gram-negative, non-spore forming bacteria. Based on the cell
      shape, the isolates were divided into four groups: regular rods, curved/spiral
      bacteria, irregular rods, and buddin and/or prosthecate bacteria. Each group of
      bacteria is discussed in relation to the physiological characteristics. Notably
      oligotrophic bacteria of different cell types showed a marked zonal distribution
      in respect to profile depth.

PMID- 3389774
TI  - Nursing care plans: are we protecting sacred cows or beating dead horses.

PMID- 3389772
TI  - Growth and macromolecular content of the dimorphic fungus Aureobasidium pullulans
      and the effect of hydroxyurea and other inhibitors.
AB  - The growth kinetics and the macromolecular content of the yeast and ethanol
      induced hyphal forms of Aureobasidium pullulans were studied. During the
      morphological transition from yeasts to hyphae, both the protein and RNA content
      decreased significantly, the mycelial form containing only 76% of the amount of
      protein in the yeasts, and 38% of the RNA. The DNA was the only component tested
      whose level increased during the transition. Among several compounds inhibiting
      macromolecular synthesis, only hydroxyurea showed a remarkable effect on the
      morphology of A. pullulans, inducing the mycelial morphology. The macromolecular
      composition of hydroxyurea-treated cultures changed with time in a way similar to
      that of the ethanol-Tween 80-ammonia medium, and to that of carbon-starved
      cultures, without ethanol or glucose.

PMID- 3389773
TI  - Scrubbing skills need to be refined, not given away.

PMID- 3389775
TI  - Sterilization definition questioned.

PMID- 3389776
TI  - Unanesthetized infants question raised again.

PMID- 3389777
TI  - Total superficial lymphangiectomy. Treatment for lymphedema of the lower
      extremities.

PMID- 3389778
TI  - Gastrectomy for stomach carcinoma. Perioperative patient care.

PMID- 3389779
TI  - Quality interpersonal care. A study of ambulatory surgery patients' perspectives.
AB  - Examining outcome criteria that measure quality is one way of evaluating patient
      care and emotional support. The method used in this study shows the actual
      effects of interventions in patient education. The findings suggest that not all
      patients perceived that the quality criteria that measure emotional support and
      patient teaching were met. Certain variables were identified as explaining the
      patients' perception of quality. For example, although patients perceived
      surgeons who spent time with them before and after surgery to have improved
      interpersonal quality, they perceived the ambulatory surgery site that required
      professional nurses to demonstrate caring and concern as providing better quality
      care. Furthermore, the teaching that enabled most patients to acquire adequate
      knowledge of self-care was done at the time of discharge, with the family
      present, and did not rely on written pamphlets, although written instructions
      were included in the teaching. This examination of different nursing approaches
      suggests that variations in interventions have a major impact on the outcomes of
      care. Even with cost-containment measures that threaten to diminish quality,
      professional nurses can provide direction in establishing quality standards of
      ambulatory surgery care. There are identifiable nursing interventions that can be
      implemented to maintain quality. Consistent review of prior nursing care can
      provide professional nurses with information on meeting quality standards and
      suggest new approaches to patient care.

PMID- 3389780
TI  - Inpatient vs outpatient satisfaction. A research study.

PMID- 3389781
TI  - The revenue and expense spreadsheet. A tool for evaluating departmental
      performance.

PMID- 3389782
TI  - Proposed recommended practices. Safe care and identification of potential hazards
      in the OR environment.

PMID- 3389783
TI  - Continuing education requirements by state.

PMID- 3389784
TI  - Informed consent: Part III.
AB  - Perioperative nurses are concerned about their patients understanding the
      procedures they will undergo. The legal system agrees that patients have the
      right to be informed about and consent to surgical procedures; informed consent
      is a legal right. No state, however, has recognized a formal role for the
      perioperative nurse in the enforcement of this right. Case law has consistently
      found that the necessary interchange for informed consent is vested in the
      patient-physician relationship, and it views broadening this legal responsibility
      as more disruptive than beneficial. When everyone is responsible, it is more
      difficult to ensure that someone actually talks to the patient. Present law makes
      that someone the surgeon. The role of the perioperative nurse includes informing
      the surgeon if the patient's informed consent has not been documented in
      accordance with agency policy, documenting having done so, and taking any
      additional actions required by agency policy. Perioperative nurses who suspect
      overreaching by surgeons should inform their administrators. The perioperative
      nurse should not unilaterally get involved in the physician-patient relationship.
      The patient has sought the services of the surgeon, not the nurse.

PMID- 3389785
TI  - Investigational new drug regulations.

PMID- 3389786
TI  - Ethical concerns discussed at World Conference--V.

PMID- 3389787
TI  - Study focuses on AIDS, health insurance industry.

PMID- 3389788
TI  - Primary cultures of human caudate nucleus.
AB  - It is possible to grow functional primary dissociated cultures and explants from
      stereotactic biopsies of human parkinsonian caudate nuclei. Two major classes of
      cells were identified on morphological grounds. The culture cells appear to be
      stimulated by an unidentified soluble factor(s) obtained from human fetal
      neuronal cells in vitro. Culture of primary neuronal and glial cells from human
      adult cerebral nuclei seems to be a useful tool for several research purposes and
      in particular for studying both trophic factor action and target effects on
      afferent neurons for prospective human brain grafting.

PMID- 3389789
TI  - Age-dependent changes of short-latency somatosensory evoked potentials in healthy
      adults.
AB  - Age-dependent changes of short-latency somatosensory evoked potentials following
      median nerve stimulation in humans were investigated in two groups of healthy
      adults aged 20-30 and 50-60 years. Normative values for both age groups are
      given. Compared to the younger group, in the older one P27 latency and N20-P27
      interpeak latency were about 2 ms longer, and P27-N35 and P27-P45 interpeak
      latencies were significantly decreased. These findings suggest that N20 and P27
      are generated by different structures and that the subsequent components do not
      depend on P27.

PMID- 3389790
TI  - Intraoperative somatosensory evoked potentials. A localizing technique in the
      DREZ operation.
AB  - The localization of neural pathology by the evoked potential technique through
      the use of the Nicolet compact four-signal averager is reviewed. Stimulating
      electrode application on facial nerves and peripheral nerves of the limbs is
      described, as well as spinal cord and medullary recording electrode type and
      placement. Several pathological lesions causing pain are presented and the
      intraoperative evoked potentials prior to and after lesion production are
      examined and analyzed.

PMID- 3389791
TI  - Impedance measurements of the spinal cord of man and animals.
AB  - The measurement of electrical impedance of normal and pathologic tissue has not
      been fully utilized in neurosurgery. This is a report of electrical impedance
      measurement in the central nervous system of both man and animals. We show the
      results of the laboratory study done in animals, in the brain and in the spinal
      cord as well. Also we show the clinical experience of the impedance recordings in
      the DREZ procedure for some chronic pain conditions, correlating the measurements
      at the time of the operation with normal conditions, with comments about the
      findings.

PMID- 3389792
TI  - Dorsal root entry zone lesions in the treatment of pain following brachial plexus
      avulsion, spinal cord injury and herpes zoster.
AB  - This paper details the long-term results in patients treated with dorsal root
      entry zone (DREZ) lesions for the treatment of pain following brachial plexus
      avulsion, spinal cord injury, and herpes zoster. With our current operative
      technique, 82% of patients with brachial plexus avulsion injuries were afforded
      long-term pain relief. Patients with pain confined to dermatomes just below the
      level of spinal injury also did well with DREZ lesions, although the results were
      less good in patients with diffuse pain or with sacral pain. The postoperative
      results in patients with postherpetic pain were disappointing.

PMID- 3389793
TI  - The Hopkins experience with lesions of the dorsal horn (Nashold's operation) for
      pain from avulsion of the brachial plexus.
AB  - Lesions of the dorsal horn (DREZ operation) have been reported to be useful in
      reducing pain secondary to avulsion of the brachial plexus. Ten patients had the
      DREZ operation for this condition at The Johns Hopkins Hospital by one of us
      (JNC) between 1981 and 1985. Radiofrequency heat lesions were made. The patients
      were interviewed 7-52 months after the operation by one of two individuals not
      involved in the procedure to assess pain relief and postoperative complications.
      The mean pain relief was 85%, and there were no significant complications. It is
      concluded that the DREZ operation is the treatment of choice for treatment of
      severe pain that results from avulsion of the brachial plexus.

PMID- 3389795
TI  - Successful treatment of phantom pain with dorsal root entry zone coagulation.
AB  - We studied 22 patients with amputation due to trauma, gangrene, or cancer. All
      developed postamputation pain, underwent a dorsal root entry zone (DREZ)
      procedure, and were followed from 6 months to 4 years after surgery. Overall,
      only 8 (36%) of these 22 patients had pain relief. However, good results were
      obtained in 6 (67%) of 9 patients with phantom pain alone, and in 5 (83%) of 6
      patients with traumatic amputations associated with root avulsion. Poor results
      were obtained in patients with both phantom and stump pain, or stump pain alone.
      The DREZ procedure has a well-defined, but limited role in the treatment of
      postamputation pain.

PMID- 3389794
TI  - Lesions of spinal and trigeminal dorsal root entry zone for deafferentation pain.
      Experience of 35 cases.
AB  - Spinal and trigeminal dorsal root entry zone destruction (DREZ-tomy) was
      performed on 35 patients with deafferentation pain of various types. Overall,
      satisfactory pain relief was obtained in 65.5% of spinal DREZ-tomy cases in the
      follow-up observation. The result in the brachial plexus avulsion group was the
      best (82.4% improved), followed by the limb pain group without root avulsion
      (50.0%), but the truncal or visceral pain group showed the worst result (33.3%).
      Two patients with postherpetic trigeminal neuralgia were completely relieved of
      pain in the average follow-up period of 32 months, while in 2 patients with
      postrhizotomy facial pain, pain recurred 4 months after the operation in 1, and,
      in the other, pain in the medial part of the face remained unchanged.
      Complications were seen in about 60% of the patients, which were, however, all
      mild, except for 2 cases of death due to gastrointestinal disease.

PMID- 3389797
TI  - Dorsal root entry zone coagulation for intractable sciatica.
AB  - Chronic back and leg pain which is unresponsive to medical and/or surgical
      treatment is a common and difficult neurosurgical problem. Twelve patients with
      this condition underwent dorsal root entry zone coagulation of that region of the
      conus medullaris which correlated with the pain. Only 2 patients had a favorable
      result. The implications of this finding are discussed.

PMID- 3389796
TI  - Dorsal root entry zone lesions for conus medullaris root avulsions.
AB  - We have found dorsal root entry zone (DREZ) lesions to be an effective treatment
      of chronic deafferentation pain in patients who have had avulsions of the dorsal
      rootlets from the spinal cord. Eight patients were operated in whom chronic pain
      of the lower extremity resulted from dorsal root avulsions from the conus
      medullaris. In 7 of the 8 patients, the mechanism of injury was a motor vehicle
      accident; all 7 sustained severe pelvic trauma. Seven of the 8 patients remained
      pain-free, off all narcotics, with an average follow-up of 33 months. All
      patients had DREZ lesions of the conus performed by radiofrequency techniques.

PMID- 3389798
TI  - Involuntary movements of the lower extremity following dorsal root entry zone
      lesions in a man treated for phantom limb pain.
AB  - A patient developed continuous patterned involuntary movements of abduction
      adduction, flexion-extension of his right lower extremity following surgical
      placement of spinal dorsal root entry zone lesions for the treatment of phantom
      limb pain. The stereotype movements were monitored by video and electromyographic
      recording of quadriceps femoris and hamstring muscles. Administration of para
      chlorophenylbutyric acid (baclofen) dramatically stopped the involuntary
      movements and electromyographic silence ensued. Voluntary muscle movements were
      preserved. The theoretical implications of this unique movement disorder and
      central patterning of motor activity within the spinal cord are discussed.

PMID- 3389799
TI  - Clinical review of nucleus caudalis dorsal root entry zone lesions for facial
      pain.
AB  - Twenty-seven patients with intractable facial pain underwent dorsal root entry
      zone thermocoagulation lesion of the nucleus caudalis of the spinal trigeminal
      nucleus. Retrospective review revealed a success rate of 85% in the immediate
      postoperative period declining to 52% on subsequent follow-up. The best results
      were in the subgroup of patients with postherpetic neuralgia, of which 67%
      achieved definite relief. There tended to be some correlation of satisfactory
      results and pain quality as well as extent of pain along trigeminal territory.
      The operative morbidity was low although most patients were observed to have a
      mild transient ipsilateral dysmetria.

PMID- 3389800
TI  - Anatomic examination of human dorsal root entry zone lesions.
AB  - The anatomic delineation of radiofrequency dorsal root entry zone lesions using
      the Nashold thermocouple electrode is presented. The sharply delineated lesions
      involve a major portion of the dorsal horn of the spinal cord including Rexed's
      lamina V and part of VI. The extent of these lesions is appropriate, based on the
      currently understood mechanisms of spinal generators of chronic deafferentation
      pain.

PMID- 3389801
TI  - Radiofrequency lesion generation and its effect on tissue impedance.
AB  - The method of radiofrequency heat lesion generation is reviewed with specific
      reference to the dorsal root entry zone. Experimental data on the impedance of
      electrolytic media as a function of temperature are reported, and their relation
      to what should be observed during radiofrequency lesioning in the body is
      commented upon. The future utility of impedance monitoring is discussed as well
      as possible implications of bipolar lesion electrode systems.

PMID- 3389802
TI  - Pain control with laser-produced dorsal root entry zone lesions.
AB  - Pain relief was evaluated in 40 patients with various types of deafferentation
      pain that were treated with dorsal root entry zone (DREZ) lesions produced with
      microsurgical lasers. Good long-term pain relief was evident in some paraplegics
      and in all patients with brachial plexus avulsion. Several other small subgroups
      of patients benefited from laser DREZ lesions as well. Pain associated with
      arachnoiditis and peripheral nerve injury or neuropathy did not respond to laser
      DREZ lesioning. Based upon the smaller lesion dimensions produced with the
      lasers, it is proposed that interruption of impulses in the tract of Lissauer may
      be a mechanism of pain control in patients that responded to laser DREZ lesions.

PMID- 3389803
TI  - Evaluation of laser- and radiofrequency-generated dorsal root entry zone lesions
      in the cat.
AB  - The current study was designed to measure and compare the size of dorsal root
      entry zone lesions made in the midthoracic spinal cord of anesthetized cats with
      a carbon dioxide laser and the radiofrequency (RF) probe utilizing currently
      employed clinical parameters. Cats were monitored intraoperatively with
      somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) derived from stimulation of the
      ipsilateral posterior tibial nerve in order to assess the acute effect of lesion
      production on function within the ipsilateral dorsal column. Daily postoperative
      neurologic evaluations were recorded. The lesioned segments of spinal cord from
      sacrificed animals were examined histologically to determine the extent of cord
      injury at 1 and 30 days. SSEPs remained normal for the laser group, but were
      uniformly attenuated or lost in the RF group. Neurologically, the laser group
      fared better, with only a mild transient monoparesis, compared to a persistent
      moderate paraparesis for the RF group. On histologic examination, the depths of
      the laser and electrode lesions were similar, but the RF lesions showed more
      lateral spread. Laser lesions comprised 4.4 +/- 1.6% of the cross-sectional area
      of the spinal cord whereas the RF lesions occupied 22.8 +/- 4%. These findings
      demonstrate that at the parameters employed, the carbon dioxide laser produces
      smaller lesions than does the RF electrode.

PMID- 3389804
TI  - Introduction to Second International Symposium on Dorsal Root Entry Zone (DREZ)
      lesions.

PMID- 3389805
TI  - Use of phylogenetically based hybridization probes for studies of ruminal
      microbial ecology.
AB  - To address the long-standing need for more precise descriptions of natural
      microbial ecosystems, 16S rRNAs were used to track certain species and
      phylogenetically coherent groups of microorganisms in their natural setting
      without culturing. Species- and group-specific 16S rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide
      hybridization probes were developed to enumerate various strains of Bacteroides
      succinogenes and Lachnospira multiparus-like organisms in the bovine rumen
      before, during, and after perturbation of that ecosystem by the addition of the
      ionophore antibiotic monensin. Based on probe hybridization, relative numbers of
      L. multiparus-like organisms were depressed about 2-fold during monensin addition
      and demonstrated a transient 5- to 10-fold increase immediately after removal of
      the antibiotic from the diet. The most pronounced population changes were
      observed among different strains of B. succinogenes, as evaluated by three
      hybridization probes. One probe hybridized to all strains, whereas the other two
      identified genetically distinct groups represented by strains isolated from the
      rumen and from the ceca of nonruminants. The rumen-type strains predominated on
      most days (ca. 0.2 to 0.8% of total ribosome numbers). Their proportion
      transiently increased about fivefold immediately after the addition of monensin
      to the feed and then transiently fell below the average premonensin level. During
      this time (ca. 2 weeks after monensin addition) the cecal type predominated (ca.
      0.1 to 0.2%). Cultural enumeration of B. succinogenes on nonselective agar and by
      observing clearings in cellulose agar media were largely unsuccessful due to the
      low number of organisms present and the predominance of other cellulolytic
      species.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3389806
TI  - Citreoviridin levels in Eupenicillium ochrosalmoneum-infested maize kernels at
      harvest.
AB  - Citreoviridin contents were measured in eight bulk samples of maize kernels
      collected from eight fields immediately following harvest in southern Georgia.
      Citreoviridin contamination in six of the bulk samples ranged from 19 to 2,790
      micrograms/kg. In hand-picked samples the toxin was concentrated in a few kernels
      (pick-outs), the contents of which were stained a bright lemon yellow (range,
      53,800 to 759,900 micrograms/kg). The citreoviridin-producing fungus
      Eupenicillium ochrosalmoneum Scott & Stolk was isolated from each of these pick
      out kernels. Citreoviridin was not detected in bulk samples from two of the
      fields. Aflatoxins were also present in all of the bulk samples (total aflatoxin
      B1 and B2; range, 7 to 360 micrograms/kg), including those not containing
      citreoviridin. In Biotron-grown maize ears that were inoculated with E.
      ochrosalmoneum through a wound made with a toothpick, citreoviridin was
      concentrated primarily in the wounded and fungus-rotted kernels (range, 142,000
      to 2,780,000 micrograms/kg). Samples of uninjured kernels immediately adjacent to
      the wounded kernel (first circle) had less than 4,000 micrograms of citreoviridin
      per kg, while the mean concentration of toxin in kernel samples representing the
      next row removed (second circle) and all remaining kernels from the ear was less
      than 45 micrograms/kg. Animal toxicosis has not been linked to citreoviridin
      contaminated maize.

PMID- 3389807
TI  - Regulation of sinefungin biosynthesis by the wild-type strain and mutants of
      Streptomyces incarnatus.
AB  - Sinefungin, an antifungal and antiparasitic antibiotic, is produced efficiently
      from ammonium citrate by prototrophic strains of Streptomyces incarnatus. The
      regulation of the biosynthesis of this nucleoside, composed of adenosine and
      ornithine, was studied by using auxotrophic mutants and a resting-cell system.
      Mutants blocked in arginine synthesis were not able to produce sinefungin. A
      uridine-negative mutant produced sinefungin in the presence of ATP, but this
      production was strongly inhibited when amino acids of the urea cycle were added.
      The same mutant produced sinefungin from aspartic acid, and this production was
      enhanced by ornithine. Our results show that the ornithine part of the molecule
      originates from arginine, liberated by either anabolic or catabolic processes.

PMID- 3389808
TI  - Degradation of polysaccharides and lignin by ruminal bacteria and fungi.
AB  - Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) leaf blades and whole cordgrass (Spartina
      alterniflora) fiber were evaluated for degradation of cell walls by microbial
      groups in ruminal fluid. The groups were selected by the addition of antibiotics
      to the inoculum as follows: (i) whole ruminal fluid (WRF), no antibiotics; (ii)
      cycloheximide (C) to inhibit fungi, thus showing potential bacterial activity;
      (iii) streptomycin and penicillin (S,P) to inhibit fiber-degrading bacteria,
      showing potential fungal activity; (iv) streptomycin, penicillin, and
      chloramphenicol (S,P,CAM) to inhibit all bacteria including methanogens; (v)
      streptomycin, penicillin, and cycloheximide (S,P,C) to inhibit all microbial
      activity as a control; and (vi) autoclaved ruminal fluid (ARF) to inhibit all
      biological activity as a second control. Scanning electron microscopy of tissue
      degradation indicated that tissues not giving a positive histological reaction
      for lignin were more readily degraded. Cordgrass was more highly lignified, with
      more tissues resisting degradation than in bermudagrass. Patterns of degradation
      due to treatment resulted in three distinct groups of data based on the extent of
      fiber or component losses: WRF and C greater than S,P and S,P,CAM greater than
      S,P,C and ARF. Therefore, bacterial activity was responsible for most of the
      fiber loss. Fiber degradation by anaerobic fungi was significantly less (P =
      0.05). Cupric oxide oxidation of undigested and digested bermudagrass fiber
      indicated that phenolic constituents differed in their order of resistance to
      removal or solubilization. Vanillyl and syringyl components of lignin were the
      most resistant to decomposition, whereas ferulic acid was readily solubilized
      from fiber in the absence of microbial activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3389809
TI  - Biodegradation of crystal violet by the white rot fungus Phanerochaete
      chrysosporium.
AB  - Biodegradation of crystal violet (N,N,N',N',N'',N''-hexamethylpararosaniline) in
      ligninolytic (nitrogen-limited) cultures of the white rot fungus Phanerochaete
      chrysosporium was demonstrated by the disappearance of crystal violet and by the
      identification of three metabolites (N,N,N',N',N''-pentamethylpararosaniline,
      N,N,N',N''-tetramethylpararosaniline, and N,N',N''-trimethylpararosaniline)
      formed by sequential N-demethylation of the parent compound. Metabolite formation
      also occurred when crystal violet was incubated with the extracellular fluid
      obtained from ligninolytic cultures of this fungus, provided that an H2O2
      generating system was supplied. This, as well as the fact that a purified
      ligninase catalyzed N-demethylation of crystal violet, demonstrated that
      biodegradation of crystal violet by this fungus is dependent, at least in part,
      upon its lignin-degrading system. In addition to crystal violet, six other
      triphenylmethane dyes (pararosaniline, cresol red, bromphenol blue, ethyl violet,
      malachite green, and brilliant green) were shown to be degraded by the lignin
      degrading system of this fungus. An unexpected result was the finding that
      substantial degradation of crystal violet also occurred in nonligninolytic
      (nitrogen-sufficient) cultures of P. chrysosporium, suggesting that in addition
      to the lignin-degrading system, another mechanism exists in this fungus which is
      also able to degrade crystal violet.

PMID- 3389810
TI  - Rapid and correct identification of intestinal Bacteroides spp. with chromosomal
      DNA probes by whole-cell dot blot hybridization.
AB  - A dot blot hybridization procedure with 32P-labeled whole chromosomal DNA of the
      type strains as probes was developed as a rapid and simple method for
      identification of intestinal Bacteroides species. Bacterial cells were fixed onto
      membrane filters by slight suction, treated with 0.5 N NaOH, and hybridized with
      these probes. Of 65 Bacteroides strains isolated from 19 human fecal specimens,
      which were identified as B. fragilis, B. thetaiotaomicron, B. ovatus, B. caccae,
      B. uniformis, B. stercoris, B. vulgatus, B. distasonis, and B. merdae by
      conventional phenotypic characterization, 62 (95%) were correctly identified with
      this hybridization procedure.

PMID- 3389811
TI  - Degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds under various redox
      conditions in soil-water systems.
AB  - This study evaluated the microbial degradation of naphthol, naphthalene, and
      acenaphthene, under aerobic, anaerobic, and denitrification conditions in soil
      water systems. Chemical degradation of naphthol and naphthalene in the presence
      of a manganese oxide was also studied. Naphthol, naphthalene, and acenaphthene
      were degraded microbially under aerobic conditions from initial aqueous-phase
      concentrations of 9, 7, and 1 mg/liter to nondetectable levels in 3, 10, and 10
      days, respectively. Under anaerobic conditions naphthol degraded to nondetectable
      levels in 15 days, whereas naphthalene and acenaphthene showed no significant
      degradation over periods of 50 and 70 days, respectively. Under denitrification
      conditions naphthol, naphthalene, and acenaphthene were degraded from initial
      aqueous-phase concentrations of 8, 7, and 0.4 mg/liter to nondetectable levels in
      16, 45, and 40 days, respectively. Acclimation periods of approximately 2 days
      under aerobic conditions and 2 weeks under denitrification conditions were
      observed for both naphthalene and acenaphthene. Abiotic degradation of naphthalen
      and naphthol were evaluated by reaction with manganese oxide, a minor soil
      constituent. In the presence of a manganese oxide, naphthalene showed no abiotic
      degradation over a period of 9 weeks, whereas the aqueous naphthol concentration
      decreased from 9 mg/liter to nondetectable levels in 9 days. The results of this
      study show that low-molecular-weight, unsubstituted, polycyclic aromatic
      hydrocarbons are amenable to microbial degradation in soil-water systems under
      denitrification conditions.

PMID- 3389812
TI  - Microbial degradation of acenaphthene and naphthalene under denitrification
      conditions in soil-water systems.
AB  - This study examined the microbial degradation of acenaphthene and naphthalene
      under denitrification conditions at soil-to-water ratios of 1:25 and 1:50 with
      soil containing approximately 10(5) denitrifying organisms per g of soil. Under
      nitrate-excess conditions, both acenaphthene and naphthalene were degraded from
      initial aqueous-phase concentrations of about 1 and several mg/liter
      respectively, to nondetectable levels (less than 0.01 mg/liter) in less than 9
      weeks. Acclimation periods of 12 to 36 days were observed prior to the onset of
      microbial degradation in tests with soil not previously exposed to polycyclic
      aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds, whereas acclimation periods were absent in
      tests with soil reserved from prior PAH degradation tests. It was judged that the
      apparent acclimation period resulted from the time required for a small
      population of organisms capable of PAH degradation to attain sufficient densities
      to exhibit detectable PAH reduction, rather than being a result of enzyme
      induction, mutation, or use of preferential substrate. About 0.9% of the
      naturally occurring soil organic carbon could be mineralized under
      denitrification conditions, and this accounted for the greater proportion of the
      nitrate depletion. Mineralization of the labile fraction of the soil organic
      carbon via microbial denitrification occurred without an observed acclimation
      period and was rapid compared with PAH degradation. Under nitrate-limiting
      conditions the PAH compounds were stable owing to the depletion of nitrate via
      the more rapid process of soil organic carbon mineralization. Soil sorption tests
      showed at the initiation of a test that the total mass of PAH compound was
      divided in comparable proportions between solute in the aqueous phase and solute
      sorbed on the solid phase. The microbial degradation of the PAH compound depends
      on the interrelationships between (i) the desorption kinetics and the
      reversibility of desorption of sorbed compound from the soil, (ii) the
      concentration of PAH-degrading microorganisms, and (iii) the competing reaction
      for nitrate utilization via mineralization of the labile fraction of naturally
      occurring soil organic carbon.

PMID- 3389813
TI  - Enzymatic dehalogenation of chlorinated nitroaromatic compounds.
AB  - 4-Chlorobenzoate dehalogenase from Pseudomonas sp. strain CBS3 converted 4-chloro
      3,5-dinitrobenzoate to 3,5-dinitro-4-hydroxybenzoate and 1-chloro-2,4
      dinitrobenzene to 2,4-dinitrophenol. The activities were 0.13 mU/mg of protein
      for 4-chloro-3,5-dinitrobenzoate and 0.16 mU/mg of protein for 1-chloro-2,4
      dinitrobenzene compared with 0.5 mU/mg of protein for 4-chlorobenzoate.

PMID- 3389814
TI  - Cecal and fecal bacterial flora of the Mongolian gerbil and the chinchilla.
AB  - The Mongolian gerbil is being increasingly used as a laboratory animal and as a
      pet. Both chinchillas and gerbils are used as animal models for otitis media and
      other otic research. Previously, only incomplete information was available
      regarding the indigenous bacterial flora of the lower intestinal tracts of these
      coprophagic animals. Using the strict anaerobic methodology of the Virginia
      Polytechnic Institute Anaerobe Laboratory, we studied the predominant bacterial
      flora of the cecum and fecal pellets of the gerbil and the chinchilla and the
      bacterial flora of digesta pellets in the proximal colon. We found species of the
      following anaerobic genera in high dilutions of gerbil fecal pellets:
      Bifidobacterium, Clostridium, Propionibacterium, Lactobacillus, and Bacteroides.
      Only lactobacilli were found in high dilutions of digesta from the upper colon,
      although the cecum yielded Peptostreptococcus, Bifidobacterium, Clostridium,
      Lactobacillus, Propionibacterium, and Bacteroides species from high dilutions of
      cecal contents. The facultatively anaerobic and aerobic flora isolated consisted
      of species of Bacillus, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Acinetobacter,
      Alcaligenes, Escherichia, Pasteurella, and Pseudomonas plus several
      unidentifiable organisms. Species of Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides, Eubacterium,
      and anaerobic Lactobacillus were isolated from chinchillas.

PMID- 3389815
TI  - Metabolism of the 18O-methoxy substituent of 3-methoxybenzoic acid and other
      unlabeled methoxybenzoic acids by anaerobic bacteria.
AB  - O-methyl substituents of aromatic compounds can provide C1 growth substrates for
      facultative and strict anaerobic bacteria isolated from diverse environments. The
      mechanism of the bioconversion of methoxylated benzoic acids to the hydroxylated
      derivatives was investigated with a model substrate and cultures of one anaerobic
      consortium, eight strict anaerobic bacteria, and one facultative anaerobic
      microorganism. Using high-pressure liquid chromatography and gas chromatography
      mass spectral analysis, we found that a haloaromatic dehalogenating consortium, a
      dehalogenating isolate from that consortium, Eubacterium limosum, and a strain of
      Acetobacterium woodii metabolized 3-[methoxy-18O]methoxybenzoic acid (3-anisic
      acid) to 3-[hydroxy-18O]hydroxybenzoic acid stoichiometrically at rates of 1.5,
      3.2, 52.4, and 36.7 nmol/min per mg of protein, respectively. A different strain
      of Acetobacterium and strains of Syntrophococcus, Clostridium, Desulfotomaculum,
      Enterobacter, and an anaerobic bacterium, strain TH-001, were unable to transform
      this compound. The O-demethylating ability of E. limosum was induced only with
      appropriate methoxylated benzoates but not with D-glucose, lactate, isoleucine,
      or methanol. Cross-acclimation and growth experiments with E. limosum showed a
      rate of metabolism that was an order of magnitude slower and showed no growth
      with either 4-methoxysalicylic acid (2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid) or 4-anisic
      acid (4-methoxybenzoic acid) when adapted to 3-anisic acid. However, A. woodii
      NZva-16 showed slower rates and no growth with 3- or 4-methoxysalicylic acid when
      adapted to 3-anisic acid in similar experiments. The results clearly indicate a
      methyl rather than methoxy group removal mechanism for such reactions.

PMID- 3389816
TI  - Microbial degradation of n-alkyl tetrahydrothiophenes found in petroleum.
AB  - Although n-alkyl-substituted tetrahydrothiophenes are found in nonbiodegraded
      petroleums, they are not found in petroleums which have undergone biodegradation
      in their reservoirs. These observations suggested that this group of compounds
      with alkyl chain lengths from approximately C10 to at least C30 is biodegradable.
      Two of these sulfides, 2-n-dodecyltetrahydrothiophene (DTHT) and 2-n
      undecyltetrahydrothiophene, were synthesized, and their biodegradabilities were
      tested by using five gram-positive, n-alkane-degrading bacterial isolates. The
      alkyl side chains of these compounds were oxidized, and the major intermediates
      found in 2-n-undecyltetrahydrothiophene- and DTHT-metabolizing cultures were 2
      tetrahydrothiophenecarboxylic acid (THTC) and 2-tetrahydrothiopheneacetic acid
      (THTA), respectively. Four n-alkane-degrading fungi were also shown to degrade
      DTHT, yielding both THTA and THTC. Quantitation of tetrahydrothiophene ring
      containing products in 28-day-old bacterial and fungal cultures suggested that
      THTC and THTA were metabolized further to unidentified products. In addition, two
      of the bacterial isolates were shown to degrade a mixture of n-alkyl
      tetrahydrothiophenes isolated from Bellshill Lake crude oil.

PMID- 3389817
TI  - Isolation and characterization of an anaerobic dehydrodivanillin-degrading
      bacterium.
AB  - A novel, strictly anaerobic, gram-negative, non-spore-forming, fusiform, rod
      shaped bacterium having high dehydrodivanillin (DDV)-degrading activity was
      isolated from cow ruminal fluid. This strain degraded a range of six main lignin
      related compounds such as DDV, ferulic acid, dehydrodiisoeugenol, guaiacoxyacetic
      acid, vanillin, and veratrylglycerol-beta-guaiacyl ether to the extent of 14 to
      83% within 2 days under strictly anaerobic conditions. As DDV degradation
      intermediates, three aromatic compounds (dehydrodivanillic acid, vanillic acid,
      and 5-carboxyvanillic acid) and two alicyclic compounds (cyclohexanecarboxylic
      acid and cyclohexanol) were detected by thin-layer, high-performance liquid, and
      gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The addition of 1% glucose and peptone
      in a synthetic medium stimulated growth of the strain but slowed down DDV
      degradation. The presence of 0.1% yeast extract increased both cell growth and
      DDV degradation. The growth yield in defined medium was 151.5 g (dry weight) of
      cells per mol of DDV utilized. Characterization of the strain indicated that it
      was distinct from known Fusobacterium and Clostridium species. The bacterium was
      easily induced to form protoplasts after treatment with either penicillin or
      lysozyme. The frequencies of protoplast formation and regeneration in the strain
      were 94 and 18%, respectively.

PMID- 3389818
TI  - Isolation and purification of a hemorrhagic factor (wortmannin) from Fusarium
      oxysporum (N17B).
AB  - An isolate of Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht, emend. Synd. et Hans. N17B isolated
      from a grassy area in Lakselv, Norway (Arctic region) produced a toxin in culture
      when grown on rice in the laboratory. This new toxin, which was given the trivial
      name of H-1 (indicating hemorrhagic factor), caused toxic effects in rats,
      including food refusal, weight loss, hemorrhage in the stomach, intestines,
      heart, and thymus, and finally death. The UV spectrum of H-1 showed 210, 254, and
      292 nm as absorption maxima. The infrared spectrum showed carbonyl groups at
      1,675 and 1,750 cm-1 and an ether group at 1,215 cm-1. H-1 does not fluoresce
      under short- or long-wavelength UV light and exists as fluffy, white crystals
      that turn yellow when subjected to basic reagents such as ammonium hydroxide or
      tetraethylenepentamine. Elemental and accurate mass determinations in both
      electron impact and positive chemical ionization indicate an empirical formula of
      C23H24O8. Its mass spectra (electron impact, chemical ionization, and fast atom
      bombardment [FAB]) show a molecular ion of 428 and major fragments at m/z+ 386,
      368, 355, and 295. H-1 was found to be identical to the antibiotic called
      wortmannin which is produced by Penicillium wortmannii and Myrothecium roridum.
      This is the first report of the synthesis of wortmannin by species of the genus
      Fusarium.

PMID- 3389819
TI  - Effects of some alkyl phenols on methanogenic degradation of phenol.
AB  - The effects of six phenolic compounds (o-, m-, and p-cresol and 2-, 3-, and 4
      ethylphenol) on the anaerobic biodegradation of phenol was examined in batch
      methanogenic cultures. Results showed that ethylphenols were more inhibitory of
      phenol degradation than were cresols. The inhibitory effects of the three isomers
      of cresol and ethylphenol did not vary with the isomer but rather with the
      substituted functional group.

PMID- 3389821
TI  - Application of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for screening of T-2 toxin
      producing Fusarium spp.
AB  - Culture filtrates of Fusarium species were subjected without clean-up procedures
      to an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with anti-T-2 toxin
      monoclonal antibody. Fusarium sporotrichioides, F. poae, F. tricinctum, and F.
      culmorum strains were positive for T-2 toxin, with a minimum detection limit of 5
      pg per assay (100 pg/ml of culture filtrate), and the assay data correlated well
      with the gas-liquid chromatographic data.

PMID- 3389820
TI  - Structure of an endo-beta-1,4-glucanase gene from Clostridium acetobutylicum P262
      showing homology with endoglucanase genes from Bacillus spp.
AB  - The nucleotide sequence of an endo-beta-1,4-glucanase gene of Clostridium
      acetobutylicum contained two putative extended promoter consensus sequences, a
      Shine-Dalgarno sequence and a TTG initiation codon. The nucleotide sequence of
      the gene coding for the C-terminal region of this enzyme was not required for
      activity. Extensive homology in the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the
      endoglucanase genes from C. acetobutylicum and Bacillus spp. was demonstrated.

PMID- 3389823
TI  - [Progress report of the period 1 January 1981-31 December 1985].

PMID- 3389822
TI  - Identification of Moraxella bovis by qualitative genetic transformation and
      nutritional assays.
AB  - Strains of Moraxella bovis were identified definitively through the combined use
      of a qualitative genetic transformation assay and determination of the ability of
      the organism under examination to grow in a defined medium (medium MB). Except
      for weak transformation by DNA from strains of M. lacunata, M. nonliquefaciens,
      and M. (Branhamella) ovis, DNA samples from all other members of the genus
      Moraxella failed to transform either of the two M. bovis auxotrophs used in this
      study.

PMID- 3389825
TI  - [25th Japan Society for Cancer Therapy Symposium].

PMID- 3389824
TI  - [Study of the effect of antitumor agents on cell cycle traverse by flow
      cytometry].
AB  - The effect of antitumor agents on the cell cycle traverse of cultured FL cells, a
      monolayer culture line derived from human amnion, was investigated by flow
      cytometry (FCM) in combination with simultaneous determination of total cell
      number, viability, mitotic index and labeling index by [3H]TdR. The results
      obtained can be summarized as follows: Antimetabolites prolonged the duration of
      the S phase at a low dose, while at a high dose they decreased the rate of
      progression from the G1 to S phase, resulting in G1 and G1-S boundary
      accumulation. Partial synchronization by these agents was obtained through two
      different mechanisms. In vinca alkaloid-accumulated cells in the G2+M phase at
      24h, mitotic index (MI) reached 20%, which was 10 to 20 times higher than that of
      control and most M-phase cells, which consisted of metaphase cells. Other cells
      in a tetraploid state were considered to be in the G2 phase or possibly G1 phase
      of the tetraploid cycle. Antibiotics generally accumulated cells in the G2 phase,
      but agents could be divided into two groups according to the degree of G2
      accumulation. One group showed almost complete G2 accumulation, while the other
      showed only partial accumulation. The former group inhibited the progression of
      the S phase at a higher dose. Both groups completely inhibited the progression of
      the cell cycle at the highest dose. Alkylating agents only partially accumulated
      cells in the G2 phase at a low dose, showed prolongation of the S phase at a high
      dose, and inhibited the progression of the cell cycle at the highest dose, as
      with antibiotics. On the basis of these results, the application of these agents
      for treatment of cancer, especially leukemia, is discussed from a rational
      viewpoint.

PMID- 3389826
TI  - [Multimodal treatment of cancer of the biliary tract].
AB  - The incidence of cancer of the biliary tract has been recently increasing, but
      the results of treatment have been unsatisfactory. During the last 10 years and
      10 months, 128 cases of carcinoma of the biliary tract, including 64 cases of the
      gallbladder and the bile duct, respectively, were admitted. Some 98 (86%) out of
      the 113 cases were resected, with a low curative surgery rate of 32.7%. The
      curative surgery even resulted in recurrence with a few long-term survivors, so
      multimodal treatment should be considered for all cases. In non-curative
      resection, the 2-year cumulative survival rate of gallbladder carcinoma was 25%
      with radiation and chemotherapy, compared to the group without such treatment,
      all of whom died within 2 years after surgery. In cancer of the bile duct,
      similar results were obtained, so multimodal treatment should be administered
      especially in non-curative resection cases. In 1985 Mizumoto's group reviewed
      1614 cases of gallbladder carcinoma and bile duct carcinoma collected from 22
      institutions in Japan. The resectability and curative rate have been increasing,
      and the survival rates of both groups have slightly increased. Multimodal
      treatment has involved radiation therapy in 13.6% and chemotherapy in 44.1% of
      the cases. A two-year cumulative survival rate increased in non-curative
      resection patients treated with multimodal treatment.

PMID- 3389827
TI  - [Intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) of adenocarcinoma of the pancreas].
AB  - Fifty-four patients were given intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) for
      adenocarcinoma of the pancreas between April, 1980 and August, 1987 at Aichi
      Cancer Center Hospital. Thirty-five of these patients with well-advanced cancer
      underwent palliative IORT of their main primary lesions which could not be
      resected. Twenty (or 57%) of them had liver and/or peritoneal metastases.
      Electron irradiation at doses of 12 Gy (1 patient), 15 Gy, 20 Gy, 22 Gy, 22.5 Gy,
      25 Gy and 30 Gy was given to these patients in single doses. Gastric and/or
      biliary bypasses were performed in 27 (77%) of them following IORT. Twenty (80%)
      of the 25 patients in this group who had intractable back pain before this
      treatment achieved relief of pain within one week postoperatively. The median
      survival for this group of 35 unresectable cases was 5.3months (range 0.5-28.6
      months). The remaining 19 patients underwent pancreatectomy and received adjuvant
      IORT to the bed of the pancreas. Two of the patients in this group had liver
      metastases and one patient had peritoneal seeding. All of the visible metastatic
      lesions were removed by local excision in these three patients. Posterior
      surgical margins were cancer-positive in 8 patients, suspicious in 6 and negative
      in 5. IORT doses were 20 Gy (7 patients), 25 Gy and 30 Gy. Median survival for
      this group of 19 resectable cases was 9.4 months, including 10 patients who
      remain alive at the time of this report (August 15, 1987). The longest survival
      has been 6 years 10 months in one patient after absolute non-curative distal
      pancreatectomy followed by 20 Gy of IORT for cancer of the body of the pancreas
      with a microscopically proven cancer-positive posterior surgical margin. The
      other nine are alive at 5 years 10 months, 2 years 4 months, 1 year 5 months, 1
      year, and within one year (5 patients), respectively. Survival rates were
      compared between one group of 41 patients operated on in the 5 years before we
      began IORT and another group of 70 patients operated on after IORT introduction.
      The latter group included 16 patients who did not receive IORT for various
      reasons. The background factors were rather worse in the latter group, but both
      the survival rates and the staying-home survival rates were significantly better
      (p less than 0.05). One-year survival rates were 7% in the before-IORT period and
      26% in the after-IORT period. One-year staying-home survival rates were 2% and
      18%, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3389828
TI  - [Nutritional support for preoperative patients with esophageal cancer].
AB  - Nutritional support for patients undergoing major operations seems to be very
      important for improving the operative results, especially in preoperative
      patients with conditions such as esophageal carcinoma. In our department,
      patients who have lost more than 10% of their normal weight have been given
      intravenous hyperalimentation for at least two weeks preoperatively to prevent
      postoperative pulmonary complications. However good responses to nutritional
      support were not always obtained in these patients. One of the reasons was
      thought to be possible inadequacy of the nutritional support, for example, in the
      amount of energy intake. The purpose of this study was to clarify the energy
      requirements of anorexic patients by examining the relationship between energy
      expenditure and nutritional status. Fifty-three male patients with thoracic
      esophageal carcinoma given radical surgery were studied retrospectively. These
      patients were divided into two groups: group 1 consisted of 39 patients who had
      lost little or no weight (greater than or equal to 90% UsWt), and group 2
      consisted of 14 patients who had lost more than 10% of their pre-illness weight
      (less than 90% UsWt). In order to estimate the energy requirement, resting energy
      expenditure (REE) was measured using indirect calorimetry and the formula of
      Weir, and compared with the basal energy expenditure (BEE) as predicted using the
      formula of Harris-Benedict which was calculated from the height, weight, age and
      sex. Nutritional status was also assessed by measuring various nutritional
      parameters in each patient on admission. The mean values of body weight, %IBW
      (ideal body weight), %AMC (arm muscle circumference as percentage of standard),
      %TSF (triceps skinfold as percentage of standard) and %GS (grip strength as
      standard) were significantly lower and REE higher in group 1 than in group 2.
      However those of TP, alb and BEE showed no significant difference. Negative
      correlations between REE and body weight, %AMC, and %GS were seen respectively,
      and a positive correlation between REE and BEE was also seen in group 1, although
      no significant correlation was seen in group 2. These results suggested that the
      energy requirement of anorexic patients should be estimated by measuring the REE
      in each individual to obtain an effective response.

PMID- 3389829
TI  - [Evaluation of the nutritional management of patients with liver cancer and
      cirrhosis].
AB  - Ninety-five patients with liver cancer and cirrhosis who had undergone hepatic
      lobectomy or partial hepatectomy were studied. According to nutritional protocol
      based on experimental results, a large quantity of fresh frozen plasma (FFP), and
      BCAA-enriched amino acids at 30 kcal/kg/d as an energy source were administered
      postoperatively for 7-10 days with strict restriction of sodium and total fluid
      volume. An elemental diet for liver dysfunction (ED-H) was given to 13 patients
      at more than 1,500 kcal/d via a naso-duodenal feeding tube for 7-14 days. Six
      patients were given 15 g/d of BCAA granules after discharge for as long as
      possible. Serum levels of TP, Alb, T.Bil and PT were kept moderately high in the
      IVH and ED-H group. Although BCAA/AAA molar ratio was kept high when IVH or ED-H
      was provided, it gradually fell if nutritional management was discontinued. This
      ratio was maintained within normal limits by oral administration of BCAA
      granules. According to the Child classification, 1,2,3 and 5-year cumulative
      survival rates were 80.9, 62.9, 44.1 and 25.5% for Child A, 70.0, 43.1, 43.1 and
      0% for Child B, and 50.0, 25.0, 0 and 0% for Child C, respectively. These data
      indicate the importance of nutritional support for improvement of nutritional
      status and for obtaining a better prognosis. Oral BCAA supplementation should be
      useful for the performance of long-term nutritional management for cancer
      patients with liver cirrhosis.

PMID- 3389830
TI  - [Preservation surgery of head and neck cancer. Results and postsurgical
      function].
AB  - The purpose of conservation surgery is to eradicate the cancerous lesion while
      preserving the morphology and function of the affected organ as much as possible.
      Many important functions including swallowing, phonation and articulation are
      carried out by the organs in the head and neck. This paper presents the short
      term (2 years) results of conservation surgery for carcinomas of the tongue,
      oropharynx, hypopharynx and larynx. Long-term results await further follow-up
      because of the fact that we started full use of conservation surgery rather
      recently. Three types of conservation surgery were applied for cancer of the
      tongue in 36 cases:laser surgery alone, laser debulking surgery followed by
      (chemo) radiotherapy and induction chemotherapy followed by laser debulking
      surgery and radiotherapy. The local control rate and survival rate were 97% and
      88%, respectively. The basic principles of conservation surgery for oropharyngeal
      cancer were the same as those for cancer of the tongue. A total of 23 patients
      were treated, yielding a 65% local control rate and a 63% survival rate. For
      hypopharyngeal cancer, two types of conservation surgery were applied:partial
      pharyngectomy and partial laryngopharyngectomy. A total of 10 patients underwent
      these procedures. The local control rate was 60% and the survival rate was 70%.
      Two major groups of conservation surgery were applied for cancer of the
      larynx:laser surgery with or without radiotherapy in 74 cases and partial
      laryngectomy in 94 cases. The local control rate was 69% for laser surgery and
      87% for partial laryngectomy, while the survival rates were 100% and 91%,
      respectively.

PMID- 3389831
TI  - [Rational surgery of early gastric cancer].
AB  - Reduced operation for gastric cancer (R1 operation) is indicated for early
      gastric cancer without lymph node metastasis. We examined which cases can be
      regarded as early gastric cancer. Mucosal cancer of macroscopically I, IIa, and
      IIb type that is 2 cm or less in diameter and located at C and macroscopically
      IIa type submucosal cancer 1 cm or less in diameter appeared to be indicated for
      this operation. However, preoperative selection of these cases is difficult, and
      at present, reduction surgery cannot be performed with confidence. Therefore, we
      have proposed rational surgery for early gastric cancer consisting of removal of
      the tumor and dissection of group 1 lymph nodes, the lymph node along the left
      gastric artery, that along the common hepatic artery, and that around the celiac
      artery. This procedure seems to be appropriate in terms of antitumor immune
      response of regional lymph nodes and surgical results.

PMID- 3389832
TI  - [Reduced operation for rectal cancer].
AB  - The effectiveness of extended dissection of higher-ranked lymph nodes in patients
      with rectal cancer has been well recognized recently. However, to prevent
      postoperative bladder and sexual dysfunction, reduced lymphadenectomy and
      autonomic nerve preservation are necessary. By definition a reduced operation for
      rectal cancer attempts to preserve the autonomic nerve and the levator ani
      muscles without hampering recovery. To clarify the indication of reduced
      operation for rectal cancer, 219 patients with rectal cancer who underwent
      resections at our hospital between 1980 and 1986 were analyzed. The relationship
      of the depth of tumor invasion through the bowel wall to lymph node metastasis in
      rectal cancer was examined. In cases of rectal cancer limited to submucosa or
      muscularis propria, the degree of metastatic spread was n0 or n1 (+). In the
      cases of rectal cancer invading subserosa, serosa or contiguous structures, the
      degree of metastatic spread was n3(+) or n4(+). Concerning the relationship of
      the histopathological type and 5-year survival rate, the corrected 5-year
      survival rate was 72.46% in cases of well and moderately differentiated
      adenocarcinoma, and 48.84% in cases of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma and
      undifferentiated carcinoma. From these results, reduced lymph node dissection and
      autonomic nerve preservation are possible in patients with well and moderately
      differentiated adenocarcinoma with invasion into the mucosa, submucosa and
      muscularis propria.

PMID- 3389833
TI  - [Reduced operation for cervical carcinoma and its evaluation].
AB  - Cervical carcinoma is usually treated by extensive total hysterectomy such as
      Okabayashi's procedure. However, since the introduction of the criteria for
      classification of stage Ia lesions in 1978 by the Registration Committee for
      Cervical Carcinoma of the Japan Association of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
      surgical procedures have been categorized in greater detail, and reduced
      operations have begun to be performed. Generally, simple hysterectomy is
      performed for stage 0 cervical carcinoma, and semi-extensive hysterectomy is
      indicated for stage Ia lesions. In this study, reduced operations were evaluated
      in 254 patients with stage 0 and 288 with stage Ia cervical carcinoma selected
      from 1,412 patients with cervical carcinoma treated at our department between
      1976 and 1985. The time required for the operation was 90.8 +/- 34.8 min for
      simple, 126.7 +/- 36.5 min for semi-extensive, and 173.5 +/- 42.5 min for
      extensive hysterectomy. The volume of bleeding was 274.5 +/- 257.7 ml for simple,
      545.4 +/- 758.2 ml for semi-extensive, and 805.7 +/- 441.6 ml for extensive
      hysterectomy. The frequency of blood transfusion increased with the increase in
      the extent of surgery, being 9.0, 22.9, and 61.8% for the respective operations.
      The incidence of postoperative complications (cystoplegia, renal disorders,
      fistula of the urinary tract, ileus and hepatitis) also increased to 12.4% for
      semi-extensive and 44.8% for extensive hysterectomy. Simple hysterectomy was
      sufficient for stage 0 lesions, and side effects associated with this operation
      were infrequent and mild. Curative conization was performed for 14 patients who
      expressed a desire to have babies, and no recurrence has been observed to date.
      Semi-extensive hysterectomy was performed in 77% of stage Ia patients, and
      extensive and simple operations were performed in 8.0% and 10.4%, respectively.
      Close histological evaluation and postoperative care were carried out,
      particularly for patients who underwent simple hysterectomy. All these patients
      are currently alive without signs of recurrence. Two patients received only
      curative conization due to their strong desire to have babies and are currently
      being followed up. Both of these patients showed small degrees of interstitial
      invasion of less than 2mm.

PMID- 3389834
TI  - [Prostatic carcinoma. I: Androgen dependency of prostatic carcinoma].
AB  - Endocrine therapy, which consists of orchiectomy followed by administration of
      large doses of estrogen, then a reduced amount of estrogen, has been applied as
      the main treatment for stage D2 prostatic cancer. Alternatively, anti-androgen is
      used for elderly patients or those with cardiovascular disorders. Survival rate
      with endocrine therapy at 5 and 10 years was 35% and 16%, respectively.
      Therefore, in Japan, a better survival is shown than that reported in western
      countries using much smaller doses of estrogen. Most of the side effects caused
      by estrogen are not serious. Side effects caused by anti-androgen are few except
      for loss of libido. At the start of treatment, more than 80% of patients showed a
      response, but gradually relapse occurred and only 20% were well controlled 5
      years after the start. Factors influencing the survival were pathological grade,
      response to endocrine therapy judged by the level of prostatic acid phosphatase 4
      weeks after the start, and R1881 (methyltrienolone)-binding protein observed
      histochemically. The latter protein was also correlated with the grade and
      response to endocrine therapy. Relapse after endocrine therapy might be
      attributable to adaptation or mutation progressing to androgen-independent cells.
      Using SC 115, an androgen-dependent mouse tumor, these two types of relapse were
      demonstrated. Gradual progression to undifferentiated cancer was noticed between
      pretreatment biopsy and autopsy. Relapse in human prostatic cancer may thus be
      partly due to genetic change to a resistant clone.

PMID- 3389835
TI  - [Growth inhibition by progestins in human endometrial cancer cells with
      progesterone receptors].
AB  - The presence of estrogen-independent progesterone receptors (PR) was demonstrated
      in a subline of a human endometrial cancer cell line, Ishikawa cells. Scatchard
      plot analysis of cytoplasmic binding data in a subline (IK-90) revealed a high
      affinity binding site for promegestone (Kd, 1.0 nM) with maximum binding sites of
      158 fmol/mg protein. Competition experiments showed a binding specificity similar
      to that of typical PR. By low-salt sucrose gradient centrifugation, radioactive
      8S and 4S peaks were found. The addition of 1 microM progesterone in culture
      medium resulted in a rapid nuclear translocation of cytoplasmic PR. Accumulation
      of glycogen in cytoplasm of the cells in response to 0.1 microM promegestone was
      observed by periodic acid-Schiff staining. Addition of various concentrations (1
      nM-1 microM) of promegestone reduced the cell growth in a dose-dependent manner.
      The growth inhibition by promegestone was totally prevented by the concomitant
      addition of equimolar RU 486, a progestin antagonist. The other steroids
      including tamoxifen, cortisol, and testosterone had no significant effects on the
      growth of the cells. The growth-inhibitory effect of progestin on cultured cancer
      cells from human endometrial adenocarcinomas obtained by hysterectomy was also
      investigated. Addition of medroxyprogesterone acetate (1 nM-1 microM) caused a
      marked decrease in [3H]thymidine incorporation in cultured cancer cells from
      tumors with PR. From the viewpoint obtained in the present studies using both IK
      90 cells and endometrial cancer cells in primary culture, it can be concluded
      that progestins produce regression of endometrial cancer directly via the PR
      system.

PMID- 3389836
TI  - [End results of gastric cancer detected by mass survey: analysis using the
      relative survival rate curve].
AB  - In the 15-year period 1970 to 1984, the Detection Center of Hokkaido Cancer
      Society discovered 2,508 gastric cancer cases (1,681 male, 827 female) including
      999 cases of early gastric cancers. The survey included 2.01 million people in
      Hokkaido. Among the cases, 2,508 were diagnosed as stomach cancer, which amounted
      to 0.12% of the total screened during the period. The proportion of early gastric
      cancers has been increased over this period. Of those suffering from gastric
      cancer, 2,287 cases were operable. Mucosal carcinoma accounted for 479 cases,
      carcinoma with invasion to submucosa accounted for 520 cases. Early gastric
      cancer numbered 999 cases, or 43.6% of the operable cases. Advanced cancer or
      cancer with invasion beyond the muscularis propria totalled 1,288 cases, or 56.4%
      of the operable cases. The relative survival rate was calculated which shows the
      survival ratio of detected cancer cases to the general population: 67.8% 5-year,
      64.0% 10-year and 63.5% 15-year survival rate. These results show that cancer
      detection leads to a good relative survival rate. The relative survival rate
      flattens after five years, because the curve of the survival rate of cancer
      patients decreases gradually, while the expected survival rate of the general
      population remains constant. If lead time is not considered, the 5-year relative
      survival rate is satisfactory: if it is considered, however, the 10- or even 15
      year survival rate may well be estimated. The 15-year relative survival rate of
      surgically treated early gastric cancer, advanced gastric cancer and total cancer
      are 94.0%, 51.0% and 70.7% respectively. These data clearly show that early
      gastric cancer treated surgically carries an excellent chance for 15-year
      survival when compared to advanced cancer. One may also note the relatively high
      survival rate of 63.5% in all gastric cancer patients discovered by this program;
      this figure reflects a high proportion of early gastric cancer among all cancers.
      As presented, the mass screening program does have positive effects in reducing
      gastric cancer deaths by detecting more early gastric cancer cases than among
      usual clinic patients.

PMID- 3389837
TI  - [Characteristics of gastric cancer detected by mass survey. Comparison with those
      of outpatients].
AB  - The characteristics of gastric cancers detected by mass survey were studied by
      comparison with those of outpatients attending our hospital. Form 1966 to 1985, a
      total of 290,987 examinees were screened by gastric mass survey at our Mass
      Survey Center. Among them, 474 cases (0.16%) of gastric cancer were detected, and
      of these, 254 cases (52%) were early gastric cancer. Upon comparison of
      macroscopic types of surgically treated cancers, there were 152 cases (39.6%) out
      of 784 cases in the mass survey group and 658 cases (21.3%) out of 3,091 cases in
      the outpatient group having the depressed type and 11% in the former and 5.5% in
      the latter having the elevated type of early gastric cancer. As for the prognosis
      of cancers in both groups, the 5- and 10-year survival rates of 274 cases in the
      mass survey group and 1,859 cases in the outpatient group undergoing resection
      between 1964 and 1974 were compared. It was found that 80.0% for 5 years and
      78.5% for 10 years in relative survival rates were obtained in the mass survey
      group, and 56.2% for 5 years and 55.1% for 10 years in the outpatient group. This
      difference in survival rate was due to the fact that the mass survey group had a
      high ratio of early gastric cancer than the outpatient group, and that even the
      advanced serosal cancer former group had less lymph node metastasis than the
      latter group.

PMID- 3389838
TI  - [Breast cancer detected by mass screening using physical examination alone].
AB  - In Tokushima prefecture, mass screening for breast cancer has been conducted
      using physical examination alone since 1970. Breast cancer was detected in 108 of
      141,116 screened women up until 1986. The detection rate was 0.08% among total
      examinees, 0.12% among initial examinees, and 0.04% among subsequent examinees.
      Patients with breast cancer were divided into three groups. Group I consisted of
      70 patients whose cancers were detected by initial screening examination. Group
      II consisted of 38 patients whose cancers were discovered by subsequent periodic
      screenings. Group III included "interval" patients, whose cancers were found in
      the interval within 2 years between a negative screening examination and the next
      screening; 19 patients were classified into this group. Serving as controls were
      615 breast cancer patients who visited our outpatient clinic, independently of
      the screening program, during the same period as that of the mass screening. Of
      the 108 patients in Groups I and II, 51 patients (47%) had noticed a lump in the
      breast themselves by the time of the mass screening. The stage classification and
      nodal involvement showed significant differences between the mass screening group
      and the control group, but no significant differences among the three groups. The
      Group III cases (interval cases) were detected at an early stage, but some of
      these cases included patients with fast-growing tumors. When compared with
      cumulative survival curves according to age-matched case-control study, there was
      no significant difference between the patients whose tumors were detected in the
      mass screening and the controls.

PMID- 3389839
TI  - [In vivo distribution and activation of 5-FU--with special reference to
      biochemical modulation of intracellular metabolism].
AB  - 5-FU is metabolized to FUTP and FdUMP in tumor cells and exhibits RNA- and DNA
      directed cytotoxicity. Biochemical modulation of the intracellular metabolic
      pathways of 5-FU result in either selective enhancement of the antitumor effect
      or protection of the host. 1. Administration of pro-drugs of the active
      intermediates of 5-FU (FO-152, FF-705, TK-117, T-506) 2. Increase in PRPP level
      by inhibition of the de novo purine synthetic pathway, and greater production of
      cytotoxic 5-FU-containing nucleotides (MTX, MMPR) 3. Lowering of intracellular
      UTP pools by inhibition of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis and enhancement of
      antitumor activity of 5-FU (PALA, Acivicin) 4. Increase in the UTP level and
      protection against 5-FU toxicity in normal host tissue (Uridine, Uridine + BAU,
      Cytidine) 5. Enhanced and prolonged inhibition of thymidylate synthetase by FdUMP
      (Leucovorin, MTX) 6. Inhibition of 5-FU degradation and increase in the 5-FU
      tissue level (Thymidine, Uracil)

PMID- 3389840
TI  - Reiter's syndrome.

PMID- 3389841
TI  - Porphyria cutanea tarda associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

PMID- 3389842
TI  - Association of human immunodeficiency virus seropositivity and extensive perineal
      condylomata acuminata in a child.

PMID- 3389843
TI  - Unusual varicella zoster virus infection in patients with the acquired
      immunodeficiency syndrome.

PMID- 3389844
TI  - Erythema dyschromicum perstans following human immunodeficiency virus
      seroconversion in a child with hemophilia B.

PMID- 3389845
TI  - Opportunistic cutaneous myiasis.

PMID- 3389846
TI  - Resolution of cutaneous lesions of granuloma annulare by intralesional injection
      of human fibroblast interferon.

PMID- 3389847
TI  - Traditional tattooing of the gingiva: an Eritrean folk medicine practice.

PMID- 3389848
TI  - The relationship of basal cell carcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas to solar
      keratoses.
AB  - Six thousand four hundred sixteen people aged 40 years and over from three
      different locations in Victoria (Australia) were examined on the hands, forearms,
      head, and neck for the presence of solar keratoses and basal (BCCs) and squamous
      cell carcinomas (SCCs). Analysis of the relationship between these tumors
      revealed that the factors which predicted the likelihood of developing a solar
      keratosis were essentially the same as those that predicted the likelihood of
      developing a BCC and/or an SCC. These were age, sex, years of residence in
      Australia, indoor or outdoor occupation, tanning ability, propensity to sunburn,
      and location of residence. The presence of a coexisting solar keratosis was
      necessary for the development of an SCC in contrast to the development of a BCC.
      The findings suggest that unlike BCCs, the majority of SCCs in light-exposed
      areas may arise from preexisting solar keratoses. Whereas the prevalence of BCCs
      and SCCs was relatively constant in the three locations, the prevalence of solar
      keratoses differed markedly in direct relation to the degree of isolation. This
      suggests that solar keratoses are a more sensitive indicator of sunlight exposure
      than invasive carcinoma.

PMID- 3389849
TI  - Pruritus in psoriasis. A prospective study of some psychiatric and dermatologic
      correlates.
AB  - Among 82 inpatients with psoriasis, 67% (55 patients) reported moderate or severe
      pruritus. The degree of depressive psychopathology discriminated between the
      mild, moderate, and severe pruritus groups at admission. Prospectively, the
      change in depression scores correlated with the change in pruritus pretreatment
      to posttreatment. Pruritus severity did not correlate significantly with stress
      due to life events, age at onset, ethyl duration of psoriasis, age, sex, marital
      status, and average reported daily alcohol (ethanol) consumption. Among the
      objective dermatologic measures, including extent and severity of lesions, only
      the degree of perilesional irritation discriminated between the mild, moderate,
      and severe pruritus groups at admission, and prospectively, change in this
      measure correlated with the change in pruritus pretreatment to posttreatment.
      This finding was most likely related to the self-excoriation associated with
      pruritus. Intrapsychic factors (eg, the severity of depression) rather than
      external psychosocial or well-defined dermatologic factors, were the most
      significant correlates of pruritus in psoriasis.

PMID- 3389850
TI  - Human leukocyte antigen in Sweet's syndrome and its relationship to Behcet's
      disease.
AB  - A 41-year-old man with Sweet's syndrome (SS) had symptoms similar to Behcet's
      disease (BD). To study the relationship of the two diseases, human leukocyte
      antigen (HLA) typing was performed on 28 patients with SS and 49 patients with
      BD. Of the 28 patients with SS, seven had BD symptoms. The frequencies of both
      HLA-B51 and -DQw3 were significantly higher in patients with BD. However, the
      frequencies of the two HLA antigens in the 28 patients with SS and the 21
      patients with SS without BD symptoms were not significantly different from the
      controls. The frequency of HLA-Bw54 was significantly increased in both groups of
      patients with SS. Taken together, these data indicate that SS is a genetically
      distinct disease entity from BD, although their symptoms are similar and the
      incidence of SS among patients with BD is high in Japan.

PMID- 3389851
TI  - Hemangiosarcoma in chronic leg ulcer.
AB  - We recently evaluated a patient with an angiosarcoma arising in a long-standing
      ulceration of his leg, which appeared representative of a characteristic, though
      fairly uncommon, subgroup of angiosarcomas. The clinical and immunohistochemical
      features of the tumor enabled us to define its origin from vascular endothelial
      cells.

PMID- 3389852
TI  - Improved acanthosis nigricans with lipodystrophic diabetes during dietary fish
      oil supplementation.
AB  - Acanthosis nigricans is well recognized in its clinical association with several
      types of insulin-resistant syndromes, and skin involvement is usually
      unresponsive to local treatment or management of diabetes. A young woman with a
      lipodystrophic form of diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia, and severe generalized
      acanthosis nigricans was placed on a diet with fat supplementation in the form of
      omega-3-fatty-acid-rich fish oil. She was observed to have striking improvement
      in the appearance and extent of acanthosis nigricans while receiving this
      regimen. This occurred despite continued therapy with niacin (nicotinic acid), an
      agent associated with acanthosis nigricanslike skin changes.

PMID- 3389853
TI  - Honeycomb atrophy on the right cheek. Folliculitis ulerythematosa reticulata
      (atrophoderma vermiculatum).

PMID- 3389854
TI  - Chronic pruritus: an uncommon cause. Avian mite dermatitis caused by
      Ornithonyssus sylviarum (Northern fowl mite).

PMID- 3389855
TI  - Blue papules on the chest. Eruptive vellus hair cysts.

PMID- 3389856
TI  - The art of writing a clinical paper.

PMID- 3389858
TI  - Cave-associated histoplasmosis--Costa Rica.

PMID- 3389857
TI  - Human ehrlichiosis--United States.

PMID- 3389859
TI  - The future of child benefits in the United Kingdom.

PMID- 3389860
TI  - Symptoms of bronchial hyperreactivity and asthma in relation to environmental
      factors.
AB  - A questionnaire study regarding airway morbidity in children and environmental
      factors was performed in April 1985. The parents of 5301 children, aged 6 months
      to 16 years, from different rural areas in mid Sweden were sent a validated
      questionnaire and 4990 (94%) responded. The cumulative prevalence of bronchial
      hyperreactivity was 9.7% and of allergic asthma 5.2%. Children living near a
      paper pulp plant more often had symptoms suggesting bronchial hyperreactivity
      (124 (13.0%), relative risk 1.3) and allergic asthma (68 (7.1%), relative risk
      1.3). In children living in a damp house problem bronchial hyperreactivity was
      found in 76 (19.0%) (relative risk 1.9) and allergic asthma in 35 (8.7%) of the
      children (relative risk 1.9). Children living in a damp house with parents who
      smoked had the highest figures: bronchial hyperreactivity was found in 44 (23.5%)
      (relative risk 2.8) and allergic asthma in 22 (11.6%) (relative risk 2.5). The
      results indicate that various moderate environmental pollutants may act
      synergistically to increase bronchial hyperreactivity and allergy especially in
      children with a family history of allergy.

PMID- 3389861
TI  - Nebulised salbutamol does have a protective effect on airways in children under 1
      year old.
AB  - Ten infants under the age of 1 year each of whom gave a history of recurrent
      wheezing attacks were studied with a total body plethysmograph. All the infants
      were free of wheeze when studied and were sedated with chloral hydrate. All 10
      showed a significant deterioration in lung function when given nebulised water
      for two minutes with an increase in airways resistance and a decrease in specific
      conductance at one and five minutes after nebulisation compared with baseline
      readings. Measurements returned to baseline values within 15 minutes. When the
      same amount of nebulised water was given 20 minutes after nebulised salbutamol,
      however, there was no significant deterioration in lung function at one and five
      minutes after administration of nebulised water. We conclude that the airways
      were protected against the bronchoconstricting effect of nebulised water by the
      beta 2 adrenoreceptor stimulant salbutamol.

PMID- 3389862
TI  - Contribution of dose and frequency of administration to the therapeutic effect of
      growth hormone.
AB  - Forty two prepubertal children who were growth hormone insufficient were treated
      for the first time with 12 IU of biosynthetic methionyl growth hormone a week in
      three subcutaneous regimens for one year after one year of pretreatment
      observation. Thirteen received 4 IU growth hormone three days a week (group 1),
      21 received 2 IU six days a week (group 2), and eight received 1 IU twice daily
      six days a week (group 3). The mean (SD) changes in height velocity standard
      deviation score (SDS) were +3.8 (1.7) in group 1, +5.3 (2.6) in group 2, and +5.9
      (2.7) in group 3. There was a highly significant relation between the change in
      height velocity SDS and pretreatment height velocity SDS with a significant
      difference between the response of subjects receiving less than 15 IU/m2/week or
      greater than 15 IU/m2/week growth hormone. Age, bone age, height SDS, and height
      for bone age SDS did not contribute to the prediction of response during the
      first year of treatment. We recommend that growth hormone should be given in a
      dose of at least 15 IU/m2/week by equally divided daily subcutaneous injections.

PMID- 3389864
TI  - Double blind placebo controlled trial of low dose oxandrolone in the treatment of
      boys with constitutional delay of growth and puberty.
AB  - Nineteen boys, mean age 14.4 years (range 12.9-16.3), with constitutional delay
      of growth and puberty were randomised into two groups in a double blind fashion
      for a three month period. Ten boys received oxandrolone, 2.5 mg per day (mean
      dose 0.072 mg/kg/day), and nine boys were treated with placebo. Mean growth
      velocity increased from 4.5 cm/year in the oxandrolone treated group to 9.6
      cm/year in three months, and this was sustained at 8.6 cm/year after cessation of
      treatment. In the placebo treated group, growth rate showed no alteration from
      5.1 cm/year to 5.2 cm/year; boys in this group were then treated with
      oxandrolone, 2.5 mg a day (mean dose 0.073 mg/kg/day) for three months and growth
      velocity accelerated to 8.6 cm/year. Serum concentrations of insulin-like growth
      factor -1/somatomedin-C (IGF-1) increased during oxandrolone treatment and
      continued to rise after treatment had ceased. There was no change in serum IGF-1
      concentration during treatment with placebo. Oxandrolone, when used in an
      appropriate regimen, is an effective, safe treatment for boys with constitutional
      delay of growth and puberty.

PMID- 3389863
TI  - Gonadal dysfunction after treatment of intracranial tumours.
AB  - Ninety three children (51 boys, 42 girls) who had been treated for brain tumours
      not affecting the hypothalamopituitary axis, were studied for evidence of gonadal
      dysfunction. All had received cranial irradiation, 59 spinal irradiation, and 28
      adjuvant chemotherapy. Mean age at treatment was 6.3 years (range 1.5-15). Mean
      follow up after completion of radiotherapy was 8.5 years (range 1-27). Primary
      ovarian damage occurred in seven out of 11 (64%) girls treated with craniospinal
      irradiation alone and in nine out of 14 (64%) of those treated with craniospinal
      irradiation and chemotherapy. The association with spinal irradiation was
      significant. Primary gonadal damage also occurred in three out of four children
      treated with chemotherapy combined with cranial irradiation and in three out of
      nine boys treated with chemotherapy and craniospinal irradiation but in no boy
      given craniospinal irradiation alone. The only common chemotherapeutic agent was
      a nitrosourea. Hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism was found in seven boys, 5.8% of
      children of pubertal age.

PMID- 3389865
TI  - Diagnosis and treatment of hysterical conversion reactions.
AB  - Twenty children with hysterical conversion reactions were reviewed. The ways in
      which they became ill, the attitudes of their families to their illnesses and
      their underlying personal problems were noted. Treatment comprised avoiding
      unnecessary investigations and removing symptoms by using graded exercises given
      by physiotherapists. Exploration of the underlying psychological problems took
      place at a pace with which the family could cope because many families were
      reluctant at first to accept that the illness was psychological. Seventeen of the
      20 children recovered completely within three months of starting treatment. The
      results show that early diagnosis and close liaison between paediatricians,
      physiotherapists, and child psychiatrists are necessary if prolonged handicap is
      to be avoided.

PMID- 3389866
TI  - Home intravenous antibiotic treatment in cystic fibrosis.
AB  - The prognosis for patients with cystic fibrosis who are colonised with
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa has improved as a result of the regular use of intravenous
      antibiotics; however, this necessitates long periods of hospitalisation. Home
      intravenous antibiotic treatment has potential advantages over hospital
      treatment. We describe our experience during the first 20 months of using a
      system of home intravenous antibiotic treatment in which a cystic fibrosis
      liaison sister has an essential role. Thirteen patients have received 40 courses
      of treatment. There were highly significant improvements in weight, respiratory
      function, and white cell count during home treatment. There was no significant
      difference in weight and forced expiratory volume in one second between the end
      of home treatment and the end of hospital treatment while forced vital capacity
      was better after home treatment. All patients preferred home treatment. The
      advantages of home visits by the cystic fibrosis liaison sister during treatment
      are emphasised.

PMID- 3389867
TI  - Uptake of immunisations in low birthweight infants.
AB  - The timing of immunisations for preterm infants is controversial. Because of the
      statement by the British Paediatric Association/Joint Committee on Vaccination
      and Immunisation Liaison group that immunisations should normally begin three
      months after the date of birth, the records of all infants born in 1984 and
      currently (June 1986) resident in the London Borough of Newham were studied to
      find out if this recommendation was being implemented. Subjects were divided into
      groups by birth weight and where possible by gestational age. Cumulative uptakes
      by age of any component of the first and third triple immunisations, and of the
      pertussis component, were plotted separately. Comparison of uptake of the first
      course showed a considerable initial delay for infants weighing less than 2000 g
      at birth compared with heavier babies, but by 18 months the coverage was almost
      identical. This difference was not evident for the third course. A similar delay
      was apparent when infants of 37 weeks' gestation or less were compared with
      babies born at full term, though recording of gestational age was incomplete.
      Final overall uptake was poor for all groups. Differences among groups in numbers
      consenting were not an important factor. Informing those responsible for giving
      the immunisations of these findings has stimulated their interest in improving
      practice by implementing the recommendations.

PMID- 3389868
TI  - Clinical factors associated with retinopathy of prematurity.
AB  - In the period from September 1983 until June 1986 a prospective study was carried
      out to determine the incidence and severity of retinopathy of prematurity in
      inborn infants of less than 1500 g at birth and the risk factors associated with
      the development of retinopathy of prematurity in infants of less than 31 weeks'
      gestation. One hundred and forty four infants were eligible for inclusion in the
      study. Altogether 140 infants of less than 1500 g birth weight were examined, 42
      (30%) of whom developed retinopathy of prematurity. Fifteen of these infants had
      progression to advanced disease (stage III or stage IV). One hundred and
      seventeen of the infants were of less than 31 weeks' gestation and 34 (29%) of
      them developed retinopathy of prematurity. Thirty four risk factors shown
      previously to be associated with the development of the disease were collected
      prospectively and analysed using multiple logistic regression analysis to
      determine the independently significant variables. Three risk factors: acidosis,
      the number of times that the pH was less than 7.2; hyperoxia, the number of times
      that arterial oxygen tension was greater than 12 kPa; and gestational age were
      found to be independently associated with the development of retinopathy of
      prematurity in these infants. These findings suggest that acidosis may be an
      important aetiological factor in the pathogenesis of this disease.

PMID- 3389869
TI  - Plasma fibronectin concentrations in breast fed and formula fed neonates.
AB  - Plasma fibronectin concentration was measured in neonates of 2 to 5 days of age.
      Although breast fed and formula fed infants were similar in demographic
      characteristics, the mean (SD) plasma concentration of fibronectin in 26 breast
      fed infants, 237 (117) mg/l, was significantly higher than in 27 formula fed
      infants (171 (91) mg/l). Fibronectin was detected in five colostrum specimens
      (mean concentration 13.4 mg/l). Similar bands were detected after gel
      electrophoresis of purified adult plasma fibronectin and whole plasma from breast
      fed and formula fed neonates after staining or immunoblotting. Fibronectin
      isolated from breast milk also appeared similar to purified plasma fibronectin.
      It is possible, although unlikely, that fibronectin is absorbed intact from
      ingested colostrum. Alternatively, a factor(s) might be present in colostrum that
      contributes to the regulation of plasma fibronectin concentration.

PMID- 3389870
TI  - Factors influencing colonisation with gentamicin resistant gram negative
      organisms in the neonatal unit.
AB  - The proportion of babies colonised with gentamicin resistant Gram negative
      organisms in a nursery over a 30 month period did not correlate with the quantity
      or duration of aminoglycosides used, but it did correlate with two indicators of
      workload: the number of baby days and a score based on the level of nursing care
      required. Spread of resistant organisms may be more likely as workload increases.

PMID- 3389871
TI  - Quantitative bacterial flora of acute appendicitis.
AB  - A quantitative bacteriological study of the appendix wall of 43 children admitted
      to this unit showed no significant differences between the flora of the
      histologically normal and acutely inflamed appendices. Bacteroides species,
      Escherichia coli, and streptococcal species were the commonest organisms isolated
      and were found in counts of 10(3) to 10(8) organisms per gram of tissue.
      Bacteroides species were most commonly the dominant flora in both normal and
      inflamed appendices. The lack of increased counts of organisms in acute
      inflammation of the appendix suggests an unfavourable environment to bacterial
      proliferation making primary bacterial infection an unlikely aetiological factor
      in the pathogenesis of appendicitis.

PMID- 3389872
TI  - Air embolism in ventilated very low birthweight infants.
AB  - Five cases of air embolism in ventilated very low birthweight infants are
      reported. In all cases the outcome was fatal with the babies dying at about 15
      hours of age.

PMID- 3389873
TI  - Clostridium difficile and acute enterocolitis.
AB  - Clostridium difficile belonging to groups not normally detected in infancy was
      the only potential pathogen detected in the stools of two infants with severe
      enterocolitis. Further information regarding the virulence of this organism was
      obtained by use of a recently introduced typing scheme.

PMID- 3389874
TI  - Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, cystinosis, and vitamin D.
AB  - We describe a patient with early diagnosed cystinosis who presented with
      nephrogenic diabetes insipidus in addition to proximal tubular dysfunction.
      Another feature in this patient was abnormally low serum concentration of 24,25
      dihydroxy vitamin D3 (24,25(OH)2D3) with normal 25 hydroxy vitamin D3 (25(OH)D3)
      and relatively low 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3).

PMID- 3389875
TI  - Phototherapy and the use of heat shields in very low birthweight infants.
AB  - The irradiance produced by phototherapy units in use on a neonatal unit was
      measured. The phototherapy tubes were found to decline at a variable rate. Heat
      shields used to decrease heat and evaporative losses in the very low birthweight
      infant reduce irradiance and may appreciably limit the effectiveness of
      phototherapy.

PMID- 3389877
TI  - An unusual case of pycnodysostosis.
AB  - A 6 year old boy with clinical and radiological features of pycnodysostosis is
      described. In addition to pycnodysostosis he had a myelophthisic type of anaemia
      suggesting an overlap with osteopetrosis.

PMID- 3389876
TI  - Gall bladder distention in newborns.
AB  - Three cases of gall bladder distention in asphyxiated newborns are described.
      Clinical and ultrasound examination showed this to be a benign, transient
      phenomenon. A causal relation between tissue hypoxia and gall bladder distention
      is proposed.

PMID- 3389879
TI  - Why irritated?

PMID- 3389878
TI  - '....officiously to keep alive'.

PMID- 3389880
TI  - When not to do a lumbar puncture.

PMID- 3389881
TI  - Management of children with head injuries in district general hospitals.

PMID- 3389882
TI  - Tight nuchal cord and neonatal hypovolaemic shock.

PMID- 3389884
TI  - Hydrops fetalis due to abnormal lymphatics.

PMID- 3389883
TI  - Whole blood assay of theophylline concentrations using immunochromatographic
      stick.

PMID- 3389885
TI  - Successful suprapubic aspiration of urine.

PMID- 3389886
TI  - Cord blood IgE and month of birth.

PMID- 3389887
TI  - Sex ratio and heterozygote advantage in cystic fibrosis: hypothesis and research
      proposal.

PMID- 3389888
TI  - Accidental poisoning.

PMID- 3389889
TI  - Severe hypoxaemia in pertussis.
AB  - Overnight tape recordings of breathing movements, airflow, and arterial oxygen
      saturation from six infants aged 3 weeks to 7 months, who had cyanotic episodes
      associated with pertussis, were compared with recordings from 12 age matched
      healthy controls. In all patients clinically apparent apnoeic episodes were
      associated with the rapid onset and progression of central cyanosis. When
      overnight recordings were compared, patients with pertussis had a greater
      frequency of apnoeic pauses (particularly those greater than or equal to 12.0
      seconds duration) and a greater frequency of episodes of hypoxaemia (oxygen
      saturation less than or equal to 80% for greater than or equal to 0.5 seconds)
      associated with apnoeic pauses. In addition to episodes of hypoxaemia associated
      with a prolonged absence of breathing movements, patients with pertussis had
      frequent dips in oxygen saturation in association with continued breathing
      movements with and without continued inspiratory airflow. These episodes of
      hypoxaemia during continued breathing movements were more common in patients with
      pertussis. These findings suggest that episodes of abnormal apnoea accompanied by
      evidence of a mismatch between ventilation and perfusion of the lungs may produce
      the rapid onset of severe hypoxaemia in infants with pertussis.

PMID- 3389890
TI  - Age dependence of flow velocities in basal cerebral arteries.
AB  - Flow velocities in the basal cerebral arteries were studied by transcranial
      Doppler sonography. A longitudinal study was undertaken on 25 healthy newborn
      babies during the first 20 days of life, and a cross sectional study was
      performed on 112 healthy children between 1 day and 18 years of age. A rapid
      linear increase of flow velocities was found within the first 20 days with higher
      velocities in neonates of higher birth weight and gestational age. Maximal values
      were recorded at the age of 5 to 6 years. After that the velocities decreased
      linearly to 70% of their maximum at the age of 18 years. Reference values were
      derived from the data considering age and birth weight. The increasing flow
      velocities probably reflect the increasing cerebral blood flow during the first
      years of life. Our results also support the hypothesis of a decrease in
      cerebrovascular resistance during infancy. With the technique of transcranial
      Doppler sonography and the introduced reference values normal and abnormal
      intracranial flow velocities can now be assessed by non-invasive methods in all
      paediatric age groups.

PMID- 3389891
TI  - 170H-progesterone rhythms in congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
AB  - Serial blood spot and saliva samples were collected at home by 18 patients being
      treated for congenital adrenal hyperplasia to determine the circadian rhythm of
      170H-progesterone as an index of therapeutic control. There was a strong
      correlation between the magnitude of the circadian fall and a single morning
      measurement of the plasma testosterone concentration taken near the time of the
      170H-progesterone rhythm samples. Poor control in pubertal girls produced an
      exaggerated circadian fall in 170H-progesterone concentrations that were raised
      at all sampling times. Optimal control (plasma testosterone 1.5-2.5 nmol/l) was
      associated with blood spot and salivary 170H-progesterone concentrations at 0800
      hours of between 30-70 nmol/l and 260-1000 pmol/l, respectively, falling
      thereafter to less than 10 nmol/l and less than 150 pmol/l, respectively. Similar
      results were obtained in prepubertal patients. Nomograms have been constructed to
      interpret the daily profiles of blood spot or salivary measurements of 170H
      progesterone, or both. The analysis of 170H-progesterone circadian rhythms is
      useful in monitoring treatment in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia,
      particularly those who may be overtreated.

PMID- 3389892
TI  - Androstenedione rhythms in saliva in congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
AB  - Serial samples of saliva were collected at home by 17 patients being treated for
      congenital adrenal hyperplasia to determine the circadian rhythm of
      androstenedione as an index of therapeutic control. Single samples of blood for
      measurement of plasma testosterone, 170H-progesterone, and androstenedione
      concentrations were collected from these and a further seven patients for
      comparison. Plasma androstenedione concentrations showed a close correlation with
      plasma concentrations of 170H-progesterone and testosterone. There was a strong
      correlation between the salivary androstenedione profiles and plasma testosterone
      concentrations in pubertal girls. Concentrations of androstenedione in saliva
      decreased during the day but remained raised at each sampling time in relation to
      plasma testosterone concentrations. Salivary androstenedione profiles are shown
      as nomograms to distinguish the degree of therapeutic control. The concentration
      of androstenedione, measured in plasma or saliva, is an alternative marker to
      monitor control of treatment in congenital adrenal hyperplasia. The measurement
      in saliva is a useful index of androgen production when blood sampling is
      difficult.

PMID- 3389893
TI  - Comparison of five tests used in diagnosis of neonatal bacteraemia.
AB  - The neutrophil count, immature:total neutrophil ratio, C reactive protein assay,
      nitroblue tetrazolium test and an acridine orange leucocyte cytospin test were
      evaluated for the diagnosis of neonatal bacteraemia. The acridine orange
      leucocyte cytospin test gave the highest specificity and positive predictive
      accuracy, but was less sensitive than the neutrophil count, C reactive protein
      assay or nitroblue tetrazolium test, particularly for the diagnosis of
      bacteraemia caused by coagulase negative staphylococci. No single test gave the
      sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive accuracy of the combined
      results of the acridine orange leucocyte cytospin, C reactive protein, and
      nitroblue tetrazolium tests.

PMID- 3389894
TI  - Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and haemolytic uraemic syndrome in three
      siblings.
AB  - Two brothers and one sister had three variants of thrombotic thrombocytopenic
      purpura and haemolytic uraemic syndrome (the 'TTP-HUS' complex). The sister had a
      chronic fatal variant of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura with severe
      neurological manifestation. One brother had a chronic relapsing disease but the
      kidneys were not affected, and the other brother had haemolytic uraemic syndrome.
      This occurrence in one family supports the hypothesis that haemolytic uraemic
      syndrome and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura are actually two variants of the
      same disease.

PMID- 3389895
TI  - Sleep patterns of infants in the first year of life.
AB  - A prospective study of 132 infants aged from 1 month to 1 year found that infants
      who were breast fed or breast plus bottle fed were significantly more likely to
      wake at night throughout the first year. Social class of the family, parity of
      the mother, and the weight gain of the infant had no consistent effects. This
      increased waking was not due to mothers of wakeful infants prolonging breast
      feeding to soothe their infants.

PMID- 3389896
TI  - Feasibility of screening all neonates for hearing loss.
AB  - We investigated the feasibility and cost of screening all neonates for hearing
      loss using the auditory response cradle (ARC). At least three full time staff are
      needed to screen 95% of the 3000 infants delivered each year including those in
      intensive care. Estimated costs per case detected are between pounds 3000 and
      pounds 6000 but true costs may be higher.

PMID- 3389897
TI  - Campylobacter pylori gastritis.
AB  - Campylobacter pylori colonisation of the stomach is strongly associated with type
      B non-autoimmune gastritis in adults. In a retrospective study of 38 gastric
      biopsy specimens taken during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in children
      attending this hospital we found C pylori in nine (24%). Ten biopsy specimens
      showed histological evidence of gastritis and C pylori was found in eight.

PMID- 3389898
TI  - Early sodium intake and later blood pressure in preterm infants.
AB  - The relation between early salt intake and later hypertension is debated. As part
      of a larger feeding study, 347 preterm infants were randomly assigned to receive
      early diets differing grossly in sodium content. Feeding a high sodium preterm
      formula in the neonatal period did not influence arterial blood pressure at 18
      months (corrected) age.

PMID- 3389899
TI  - Silastic catheters for antibiotics in cystic fibrosis.
AB  - A randomised comparison of percutaneous Silastic catheters and conventional
      intravenous cannulae for giving intravenous antibiotics in patients with cystic
      fibrosis showed that Silastic catheters were favoured by the patient, lasted
      longer, and had fewer complications.

PMID- 3389900
TI  - Free amino acid content of the vitreous humour in cot deaths.
AB  - The concentration of 27 amino acids in the vitreous humour was analysed in 120
      cot deaths. Baseline data for age and postmortem interval are presented and the
      concentrations compared with the normal reference range for plasma. The results
      do not indicate that a specific aminoacidopathy is a factor in cot deaths.

PMID- 3389901
TI  - Subcutaneous rheumatoid nodules.
AB  - We describe seven children with subcutaneous rheumatoid nodules who had no
      clinical evidence of rheumatoid arthritis. Only one girl was seropositive for
      antinuclear factors and had a slightly raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate.
      Clinical aspects, risks for developing rheumatoid arthritis, and treatment of
      this entity are discussed.

PMID- 3389902
TI  - Prepubertal hypertrichosis: normal or abnormal?
AB  - The pattern of hair growth, morphology of the hair shafts, and the hair root
      state are described in four girls and two boys with prepubertal hypertrichosis.
      The exact nosology of this form of excessive hair growth is discussed in relation
      to hirsuties and the possibility of it representing an 'atavistic' trait.

PMID- 3389903
TI  - Budd-Chiari syndrome treated by Senning operation.
AB  - Budd-Chiari syndrome was diagnosed in a 13 year old boy who presented with
      ascites. Angiographic studies showed occlusion at the ostia of the hepatic veins.
      This was treated surgically by the Senning operation of transcaval dorsocranial
      resection of the liver and hepatocaval anastomosis. The patient's ascites cleared
      and he remains well 10 months after surgery.

PMID- 3389904
TI  - Prevention of mental handicap and developmental disabilities in South East Asia.

PMID- 3389905
TI  - Community paediatrics: anxieties on future developments.

PMID- 3389906
TI  - Cerebral blood flow velocity variability in infants receiving assisted
      ventilation.

PMID- 3389907
TI  - Management of sexual abuse.

PMID- 3389908
TI  - Immunisation in the immunosuppressed child.

PMID- 3389909
TI  - The highly talented child.

PMID- 3389910
TI  - Conductive education for motor disorders.

PMID- 3389911
TI  - Hyperkalaemia, cardiac arrhythmias, and cerebral lesions in high risk neonates.

PMID- 3389912
TI  - Selective medical examinations on starting school.

PMID- 3389913
TI  - Dry lung syndrome after oligohydramnios.

PMID- 3389914
TI  - Marfan's syndrome in mitral valve disease.

PMID- 3389916
TI  - British Paediatric Association. Annual general meeting. York, 12-15 April 1988.
      Abstracts.

PMID- 3389915
TI  - Maternal narcotic abuse and the newborn.

PMID- 3389917
TI  - Theoretical basis for primary nursing practice (2).

PMID- 3389918
TI  - The practical aspects of primary nursing practice (2).

PMID- 3389919
TI  - A vision for nursing research: an interview with NCNR's Ada Sue Hinshaw.
      Interview by Kathy Joyce.

PMID- 3389920
TI  - Impact of chronic illness over the life span.

PMID- 3389921
TI  - Hemodialysis using the PermCath double lumen catheter.

PMID- 3389922
TI  - Coping strategies used by spouses of CAPD patients.

PMID- 3389923
TI  - Exit site infections in CAPD patients wearing tight clothes.

PMID- 3389925
TI  - Certification: who needs it?

PMID- 3389924
TI  - Acute renal failure secondary to hemorrhagic compartment syndrome and
      subsequential rhabdomyolysis.

PMID- 3389926
TI  - Identification by cell electrophoresis of a subpopulation of polymorphonuclear
      cells which is increased in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and certain other
      rheumatological disorders.
AB  - Two and occasionally three electrophoretic subpopulations of polymorphonuclear
      cells (PMNs) were identified in the blood of normal healthy subjects and patients
      with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Most of the PMNs from both groups of subjects
      were found in the population with the highest surface charge; the remainder being
      in the other distributions, which were collectively termed the slow cell
      population. There was a significant increase in the percentage of rheumatoid PMNs
      (mean 42%) ascribed to the slow population when compared with PMNs from normal
      subjects (mean 17%). A similar increase in the slow cell population was also seen
      in patients with Felty's syndrome (mean 38%) and scleroderma (mean 51%), but not
      in patients with Behcet's syndrome (mean 18%). Synovial fluid aspirated from the
      knee joints of patients with RA contained PMNs with the lowest surface charge.
      With nylon fibre as an adherence substrate cells of a low surface charge were
      found to be more adherent than those of a high surface charge. An alteration in
      the electrophoretic distribution of PMNs may represent changes that are related
      to the expression of functionally related membrane ionogenic groups.

PMID- 3389927
TI  - Adenosine deaminase activity in rheumatoid pleural effusion.
AB  - The activity of adenosine deaminase was studied in nine cases of rheumatoid
      pleural effusion, showing an increase in enzyme activity in all. Rheumatoid
      arthritis seems unique, however, as it cannot be differentiated from pleural
      tuberculosis on the basis of this test. Selective increase of adenosine deaminase
      in both conditions is attributed to stimulation of T lymphocytes in the pleural
      fluid.

PMID- 3389928
TI  - Decreased iron absorption in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis, with and
      without iron deficiency.
AB  - Mucosal uptake, mucosal transfer, and retention of a physiological dose of
      ferrous iron were studied in women with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA): 19 with
      normal and 17 with depleted bone marrow iron stores. Control subjects were 26
      normal women and 20 women with uncomplicated iron deficiency. Iron absorption was
      measured with 59Fe as a tracer and by whole body counting. Compared with
      controls, final iron retention was considerably decreased in both groups of
      patients with RA. Analysis of the two sequential steps of iron absorption showed
      that mucosal uptake was normal in iron replete patients with RA but was
      significantly lower in patients with RA with depleted iron stores compared with
      iron deficient controls. Mucosal transfer of iron was considerably decreased in
      patients with RA with normal iron stores. The impaired absorption of iron in
      patients with active RA may delay the correction of the haemoglobin concentration
      when anaemia of chronic disease is complicated by iron deficiency.

PMID- 3389929
TI  - Anticardiolipin antibodies in patients with primary immunodeficiency diseases.
AB  - The presence of antibodies to cardiolipin was determined (by an ELISA) in 143
      patients with primary immunodeficiency diseases. Thirty (21%) had raised
      anticardiolipin antibody levels compared with only three in 98 age matched
      controls. The highest prevalence of this autoantibody was found in the Wiskott
      Aldrich syndrome. Patients with selective IgA deficiency also showed a high
      prevalence of this autoantibody (32%), while patients with severe defects in
      antibody production showed a low prevalence or did not have such autoantibodies.
      This study provides further evidence of the association between autoimmune
      phenomena and primary immunodeficiency diseases.

PMID- 3389931
TI  - Meningoradiculitis due to herpes simplex virus disclosing HIV infection.

PMID- 3389930
TI  - Subacute bacterial endocarditis in a patient with ankylosing spondylitis.
AB  - A 57 year old white man with aortic insufficiency and previously undiagnosed
      ankylosing spondylitis, who developed subacute bacterial endocarditis (SBE), is
      described. Emergency aortic valve replacement was necessary, and the aortic valve
      pathology showed diffusely fibrosed and thickened valve leaflets with bacterial
      vegetations. This is the first recorded case of SBE in ankylosing spondylitis.

PMID- 3389933
TI  - Intraoperative radiotherapy for patients with carcinoma of the pancreas. The
      Howard University Hospital experience, 1978-1986.
AB  - During the period from 1978 to 1986, 106 patients were diagnosed with carcinoma
      of the pancreas; 30 of these patients were excluded from this study. Of the
      remaining 76 patients, 40 did not receive intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) and
      were used as the nonrandomized control group for the 36 patients who did receive
      IORT after histologic confirmation of carcinoma of the pancreas. The records of
      35 patients were available for review. The group receiving IORT ranged in ages
      from 43 to 89 years (20 males and 15 females). Seventeen patients had distant
      metastatic disease. The primary was located in the head of the pancreas in 32 and
      the body in three. No patient in this group had a curative resection. All
      patients were treated by a combination of biliary and gastric bypass prior to or
      concurrent with IORT. IORT was begun only after obtaining a histologic diagnosis
      and prior to the completion of any anastomosis. Necrotizing pancreatitis occurred
      in the treated group. There was no statistically significant difference in the
      survival of the nonrandomized control and treated groups.

PMID- 3389932
TI  - Alcohol protects against cholesterol gallstone formation.
AB  - Epidemiologic studies have suggested that alcohol intake may protect against
      cholelithiasis. Gallstone formation was studied in 20 prairie dogs fed a 0.4%
      cholesterol-supplemented liquid diet. In ten animals, ethanol provided 35% of
      total calories. In ten pair-fed controls, ethanol was replaced with isocaloric
      maltose. After 3 months the gallbladders were inspected for gallstones, and
      gallbladder bile was analyzed. Cholesterol macroaggregates were present in all
      controls and pigment concretions were noted in five. No stones were observed in
      ethanol-fed animals. Bile in the ethanol group contained less cholesterol than
      the controls (5.60 +/- 0.71 vs. 9.16 +/- 0.61 mmol/L, p less than 0.05) while
      phospholipids, total bile acids, and bilirubin were unchanged. The resulting
      cholesterol saturation index was reduced in the ethanol group (0.81 vs. 1.22, p
      less than 0.05). The ratios of trihydroxy to dihydroxy bile acids were also
      different (2.07 +/- 0.25 in ETOH vs. 3.29 in controls, p less than 0.05). The
      bile calcium concentration was higher in control animals presumably secondary to
      the use of complex sugars (5.36 +/- 0.37 vs. 3.77 +/- 0.32 mmol/L, p less than
      0.05). These results confirm that ethanol inhibits cholesterol gallstone
      formation. They further suggest that this effect is dependent on reductions of
      biliary cholesterol and selective changes in bile acid concentrations.

PMID- 3389935
TI  - Factors improving survival in multisystem trauma patients.
AB  - This report analyzes the effect of air versus ground interhospital transport on
      survival following multisystem injury. There were 136 air-transported patients
      versus 194 ground-transported patients. The groups were similar in trauma scores,
      ages, mechanism of injury, and organ systems injured. There was a statistically
      significant survival advantage for air-transported patients with trauma scores
      between 10 and 5 (82.8% survival vs. 53.5%, p = less than 0.001). The time
      interval between accident and admission to the authors' institution was similar
      for both groups. Important therapeutic interventions contributing to better
      survival by the air-transported group included higher incidences of endotracheal
      intubation (50% vs. 25%), blood transfusions (32% vs. 10%), larger volumes of
      electrolyte fluid (3.3 L per patient vs. 2.1 L per patient) as well as the use of
      MAST trousers (60.3% vs. 34.9%). Transport charges for both ground and air
      services were similar. However, helicopter charges met only 15% of the
      operational budget of the aeromedical service. The remainder of the costs were
      generated from hospital patient revenues. Overall, total hospital charges were
      similar for both groups and were influenced by the variability of length of stay,
      particularly for orthopedic patients.

PMID- 3389934
TI  - Polyamine levels and gastrin receptors in colon cancers.
AB  - Polyamines and gastrin receptors (GR) were studied in samples of colon cancer and
      mucosa from 40 patients and in control mucosa from 11 patients without cancer.
      Polyamines (i.e., putrescine, spermidine, spermine) are essential for growth and
      differentiation. The concentration of polyamines is elevated in rapidly
      proliferating normal tissues and in some cancers. The presence of GR in human
      colon cancers has been previously reported. The purpose of the present study was
      twofold: (1) to determine whether polyamine levels are elevated in colon cancers
      and in adjacent normal colon mucosa compared to colon mucosa from patients
      without cancer; and (2) to examine the relationship between polyamine levels and
      GR in colon cancers. Polyamine levels in colon cancers were significantly higher
      than in the normal colon mucosa from the same patients. The polyamines,
      spermidine and spermine, were significantly higher in colon mucosa from patients
      with cancer compared to patients without cancer. Spermidine and the
      spermidine:spermine ratio, an index of cell proliferation, were increased in
      colon cancers with GR compared to cancers without GR. There were no significant
      correlations between polyamine levels and the following: patient age, CEA level,
      site of cancer, stage, or differentiation. Because polyamine levels are increased
      in colon mucosa from patients with cancer, measurement of polyamines may detect
      patients at risk for subsequent development of colon cancer. Increased levels of
      polyamines in colon cancers with GR is evidence that gastrin may play a trophic
      role in human colon cancers.

PMID- 3389936
TI  - The capacity of serum to support neutrophil phagocytosis is a vital host defense
      mechanism in severely injured patients.
AB  - The opsonic capacity of patient serum was studied in 43 trauma patients of whom
      13 recovered uneventfully, 21 developed major infection, and nine died, mostly of
      infection. Blood samples were taken within 24 hours of injury. Fifteen patients
      were studied serially of whom 14 developed severe infection and/or died. Opsonic
      capacity was determined by flow cytometry and measured as the ability of normal
      neutrophils to phagocytose killed bacteria previously incubated with patient
      serum. The most dilute sera reflected changes for better and worse most clearly.
      On initial assessment, those who died of sepsis showed a 61% mean fluorescent
      intensity (MFI), which was significantly lower than the 99% MFI for those who
      survived infection (p less than 0.01) and the 78% MFI of those who developed no
      infection (p less than 0.05). Serial samples demonstrated a super serum response
      in four of seven patients surviving major sepsis but in none of the seven who
      died of infection.

PMID- 3389937
TI  - The role of feces, necrotic tissue, and various blocking agents in the prevention
      of adhesions.
AB  - Ischemic tissue and intraperitoneal bacteria have been ascribed an etiologic role
      in the production of intra-abdominal adhesions. To further elucidate the role of
      these stimuli and to evaluate the potential protective effect of various agents,
      peritonitis was induced in 160 Sprague-Dawley rats. The experiment was stratified
      into those animals with peritonitis plus necrotic tissue, solid feces, both, or
      neither. The agents tested were a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (ibuprofen),
      free radical scavenger (SOD), and an anticoagulant (heparin). Death was less
      likely to occur in animals treated with heparin (3 of 40 vs. 12 of 40, p less
      than 0.01) or SOD (4 of 40 vs. 12 of 40, p less than 0.05). Ibuprofen did not
      increase survival in this model. Heparin protected against adhesions in animals
      with an ischemic ileum of limb and without solid feces. In animals with a
      nonischemic isolated segment of ileum and solid feces, adhesion formation was
      increased in both the ibuprofen and the heparin treatment groups (p less than
      0.05).

PMID- 3389938
TI  - Surgical treatment of acute traumatic tear of the thoracic aorta.
AB  - Acute traumatic tear of the thoracic aorta is a severe injury with a high
      mortality rate. This condition requires expeditious evaluation and prompt
      surgical intervention in order to improve patient survival. The experience at the
      authors' institution from 1971 to 1987 includes 41 patients who sustained acute
      traumatic tear of the thoracic aorta and reached the hospital alive. The purpose
      of the study was to evaluate the surgical management of this injury with regards
      to mortality rate and the incidence of spinal cord injury. Five patients died
      from exsanguination before definitive repair could be undertaken. Thirty-six
      patients had repair of traumatic aortic tear in the area of the isthmus. Nine
      patients were operated upon with the clamp and sew technique, 20 patients had a
      heparin-bonded shunt placed, and seven patients were treated by repair with
      cardiopulmonary bypass. There were five operative deaths that were not related to
      the technique employed. Two patients without preoperative evidence of spinal cord
      injury developed paraparesis. No patient had postoperative paraplegia. Despite
      rapid transport, expeditious evaluation, and emergency thoracotomy, some patients
      die from exsanguination prior to definitive repair. Even with the provision of
      distal aortic perfusion during clamping, the risk of spinal cord injury is not
      eliminated.

PMID- 3389939
TI  - Reconstruction of full thickness chest wall defects.
AB  - Over the last 5 years, 14 patients were treated by wide en bloc resection of
      chest wall tumors with primary reconstruction. There were nine females and five
      male patients with an age range of 31-77 years. All patients had a skeletal
      resection of the chest wall. An average of 3.9 ribs were resected in the patients
      treated. In three patients a partial sternectomy was carried out in conjunction
      with the rib resections. Chest wall skeletal defects were reconstructed with
      Prolene mesh, which was placed under tension. Soft tissue reconstruction utilized
      selected portions of the latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous territory with
      fasciocutaneous extensions beyond the muscle itself. Primary healing was obtained
      in all patients and secondary procedures were not required. The average
      hospitalization was 23 days. All patients survived the resection and
      reconstruction and were alive 30 days after operation. In selected patients the
      preservation of a portion of the innervated muscle in situ or the transfer of the
      muscle with the preservation of its resting length has maintained the majority of
      the muscle function.

PMID- 3389940
TI  - Vein cuff interposition prevents juxta-anastomotic neointimal hyperplasia.
AB  - This study sought to minimize juxta-anastomotic neointimal hyperplasia (JNIH)
      following the use of polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE) conduits. PTFE anastomoses to
      canine carotid arteries (noncuff grafts) were compared with grafts with vein
      cuffs interposed proximally and distally between the graft and native artery.
      This technique has been suggested clinically for below-knee PTFE femoropopliteal
      reconstruction. Twelve dogs received aspirin for 1 week before operation, which
      was continued after each animal received bilateral cuff and noncuff 4-mm PTFE
      grafts. At sacrifice, after 3-12 weeks, graft patency was assessed and luminal
      diameters measured with ophthalmic calipers at three sites along the anastomoses
      and 1 mm proximal or distal to graft toe (A' diameter). Specimens were perfusion
      fixed at arterial pressure for gross and histologic study; selected arteries were
      additionally fixed with 4% buffered glutaraldehyde, stored at 4 C, and examined
      immunochemically using antimyosin antibody immunopurified for smooth muscle.
      Overall patency of noncuff grafts in 11 long-term surviving dogs was 4 of 11;
      patency of the cuff grafts was 7 of 11. Regardless of graft thrombosis, antibody
      positive cellular proliferation occurred mainly at noncuffed PTFE anastomoses.
      Luminal encroachment was predominantly due to subintimal proliferation of cells
      highly reactive to smooth muscle derived antibody. JNIH was most prominent 1 mm
      distal to the graft toe (A' distal diameter). Average A' for noncuff grafts was
      1.82 mm +/- 0.97 SEM; average A' diameter for cuff grafts was 3.41 mm +/- 0.74
      SEM (p less than 0.001). Vein cuff inhibition of proliferation of smooth muscle
      or cells derived from smooth muscle possibly relates to wider distribution of
      kinetic energy (less compliance mismatch) or to interposition of venous
      endothelium.

PMID- 3389941
TI  - Improved quality of life after distal splenorenal shunt. A prospective comparison
      with side-to-side portacaval shunt.
AB  - The distal splenorenal shunt (DSRS) was compared with the side-to-side portacaval
      shunt (PCS) in 93 prospectively matched patients with portal hypertension. After
      38 months mean follow-up the two shunts had a different incidence of acute
      encephalopathy (22% in PCS group and 33% in DSRS group) and chronic
      encephalopathy (35% in PCS group and 17% in DSRS group), but the difference was
      not statistically significant. However, the only cases of severe and disabling
      chronic encephalopathy arose after PCS (p = 0.049). Actuarial curves of chronic
      encephalopathy showed that the maximum rate of encephalopathy (18%) in the DSRS
      group was reached 27 months after shunt surgery, whereas this value was reached
      and passed in PCS group only 4 months after shunt. Chronic encephalopathy
      occurred for a total duration of 20.1 months after PCS and only 11.1 months afer
      DSRS (p = 0.003) and occupied 46.3% of the follow-p of PCS patients, as
      contrasted to 18.7% of the follow-up of DSRS patients (p = 0.0001). DSRS is
      associated with a lower global incidence of chronic HE without severe forms and
      provides a better quality of life than does a nonselective shunt.

PMID- 3389942
TI  - Assessment of the intrinsic contractile status of the heart during sepsis by
      myocardial pressure-dimension analysis.
AB  - The effect of sepsis on the intrinsic contractile status of the myocardium is
      best examined in the awake, closed-chest animal with intact circulation because
      anesthesia, open thoracotomy, and circulatory support are all known to affect
      hemodynamics. To fulfill these criteria, 18 adult dogs were chronically studied
      in the awake state after instrumentation with left ventricular high-fidelity
      pressure catheters and ultrasonic dimension transducers to measure left
      ventricular transmural pressure and minor axis dimension. This allowed computer
      assessment of the left ventricular end-systolic pressure-dimension relationship
      in the control state and at intervals following cecal ligation in one group of
      dogs. A second group of control animals was studied over variable time intervals
      without cecal ligation to evaluate the temporal stability and reproducibility of
      the animal model and the end-systolic pressure-dimension relationship. Evaluation
      of contractility by use of the end-systolic pressure-dimension relationship was
      essential because this relationship is a sensitive indicator of the intrinsic
      myocardial contractile state while remaining insensitive to the wide swings in
      preload and after load that are commonly seen in sepsis. In the control group of
      dogs, the temporal consistency and stability of the end-systolic pressure
      dimension relationship in this model was confirmed; no significant changes in the
      slope and dimension-axis intercept were demonstrated over the study interval. In
      the septic group of dogs, however, the intrinsic myocardial contractility
      significantly deteriorated as the mean slope of the end-systolic pressure
      dimension relationship (mmHg/mm) decreased from 16.87 +/- 0.85 to 12.79 +/- 1.67
      over 120 hours following cecal ligation. Intrinsic contractility of the heart
      during sepsis was therefore isolated for the first time from the widely variant
      loading conditions seen during sepsis by pressure-dimension analyses in the
      chronically instrumented, awake, closed-chest canine with intact circulation.

PMID- 3389943
TI  - Elective cholecystectomy in children with sickle hemoglobinopathies. Successful
      outcome using a preoperative transfusion regimen.
AB  - Twenty-seven children with major sickle hemoglobinopathies underwent elective
      cholecystectomy for cholelithiasis. All were managed with a preoperative
      transfusion regimen to achieve a hemoglobin concentration of 11-14 g/dl with
      greater than 65% hemoglobin A. Intraoperative cholangiography revealed common
      bile duct stones in five patients, although only one case was diagnosed by
      preoperative ultrasonographic examination. Twenty-four children underwent
      incidental appendectomy by total intussusception. There were no vaso-occlusive
      events nor any other perioperative morbidity or mortality. Four months after
      cholecystectomy, one boy had a small bowel obstruction requiring surgical re
      exploration. No patients had transfusion-acquired infection, although one boy had
      erythrocyte allosensitization to Lewis A antigen. This preoperative transfusion
      regimen and careful perioperative management permits safe elective
      cholecystectomy in children with sickle cell disease.

PMID- 3389944
TI  - Scintigraphic assessment of the anorectal angle in health and after ileal pouch
      anal anastomosis.
AB  - To determine whether the anorectal angle was preserved after ileal pouch-anal
      anastomosis, a simple, safe, low-radiation, real-time method of imaging the
      anorectum was developed. A cylindrical balloon was placed in the neorectum and
      anal canal and filled with a solution of 99mTc in water. A gamma camera then
      imaged the angulation of the balloon while the subject was at rest, during
      sphincteric squeeze, and during a Valsalva maneuver. Thirteen healthy volunteers
      and six patients were studied after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. An angle was
      identified in all controls and patients. In the lateral decubitus position at
      rest, the mean anorectal angle in controls (102 +/- 18 degrees; SD) and anopouch
      angle in patients (108 +/- 19 degrees) were similar (p = 0.3). Sitting
      straightened the angle in both groups (p less than 0.03), whereas sphincteric
      squeeze and a Valsalva maneuver sharpened the angle in both the sitting and
      standing positions (p less than 0.03). In the lateral decubitus position,
      however, the pouch group was less able to sharpen the angle than were the
      controls (p = 0.04). In controls, the anorectal junction descended during sitting
      and elevated during squeeze (p less than 0.03), but this did not occur in the
      pouch group. In conclusion, maneuvers favoring or stressing continence (squeeze,
      Valsalva) sharpened the anorectal angle and elevated the pelvic floor, whereas a
      maneuver favoring defecation (sitting) straightened the angle and caused the
      pelvic floor to descend. After ileal-anal anastomosis, the angle and its
      movements (except those while lying) were similar to controls. Elevation of the
      pelvic floor during squeeze, however, was decreased, indicating a decreased
      mobility of the pelvic floor after operation.

PMID- 3389945
TI  - Effects of crystalloid on lung fluid balance after smoke inhalation.
AB  - Inhalation injury occurs in 21% of flame burn victims who require large fluid
      volumes for resuscitation and have a mortality rate greater than 30%. This study
      was done to determine how vulnerable the smoke-injured lung is to fluid
      accumulation when crystalloids are infused rapidly. Mongrel dogs were exposed to
      smoke and 10% body-weight Ringer's lactate in three groups: (I) fluid only, (II)
      smoke only, and (III) smoke and fluid. The increase in wet-dry lung weight ratio
      was 2% in Group I, 28% in Group II, and 42% in Group III, consistent with
      pulmonary edema present only in Group III. The decrease in colloid oncotic
      pressure was similar in both of the groups that were given fluid, and the rise in
      the surface tension minimum of lung extracts was similar in both of the groups
      that were exposed to smoke. The smoke-injured lung loses the ability to protect
      itself when challenged with fluid. Reduced oncotic pressure is not responsible.
      Changes in microvascular pressure, endothelial and epithelial damage, and
      surfactant inactivation interact to cause this increase in extravascular lung
      water.

PMID- 3389947
TI  - The association of central retinal artery occlusion and extracranial carotid
      artery disease.
AB  - To determine the incidence of associated carotid artery disease and the effect of
      carotid endarterectomy on subsequent neurologic sequelae, a retrospective study
      of 66 patients with central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) was undertaken.
      Ipsilateral extracranial carotid artery disease was present in 23 of 33 patients
      (70%) who had carotid arteriography. Sixteen patients had carotid endarterectomy
      following their CRAO (Group I) and 50 did not (Group II). Seven of the 40
      patients available for follow-up in Group II had a subsequent stroke (mean follow
      up: 54 months). Of the seven Group II patients shown to have associated carotid
      disease (Group IIs), three (43%) had a subsequent stroke during follow-up (mean:
      28.3 months) compared to zero in Group I (p = 0.033; mean follow-up: 18.7
      months). Because of the strong association between CRAO and ipsilateral carotid
      artery disease and because of the significantly higher incidence of subsequent
      ipsilateral stroke in CRAO patients with carotid disease who did not undergo
      endarterectomy, thorough evaluation of the carotid arteries followed by carotid
      endarterectomy, if indicated, is warranted in CRAO patients who have no other
      obvious etiology for the occlusion.

PMID- 3389946
TI  - Pancreatitis-induced acute lung injury. An ARDS model.
AB  - Cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis in rats is associated with acute lung injury
      characterized by increased pulmonary microvascular permeability, increased wet
      lung weights, and histologic features of alveolar capillary endothelial cell and
      pulmonary parenchymal injury. The alveolar capillary permeability index is
      increased 1.8-fold after a 3-hour injury (0.30 to 0.54, p less than 0.05).
      Gravimetric analysis shows a similar 1.5-fold increase in wet lung weights at 3
      hours (0.35% vs. 0.51% of total body weight, p less than 0.05). Histologic
      features assessed by quantitative morphometric analysis include significant intra
      alveolar hemorrhage (0.57 +/- 0.08 vs. 0.12 +/- 0.02 RBC/alveolus at 6 hours, p
      less than 0.001); endothelial cell disruption (28.11% vs. 4.3%, p less than
      0.001); and marked, early neutrophil infiltration (7.45 +/- 0.53 vs. 0.83 +/-
      0.18 PMN/hpf at 3 hours, p less than 0.001). The cerulein peptide itself, a
      cholecystokinin (CCK) analog, is naturally occurring and is not toxic and in
      several in vitro settings including exposure to pulmonary artery endothelial
      cells, Type II epithelial cells, and an ex vivo perfused lung preparation. The
      occurrence of this ARDS-like acute lung injury with acute pancreatitis provides
      an excellent experimental model to investigate mechanisms and mediators involved
      in the pathogenesis of ARDS.

PMID- 3389949
TI  - [Measures for improving the protection of the health of the Soviet people].

PMID- 3389948
TI  - Can clinical evaluation and noninvasive testing substitute for arteriography in
      the evaluation of carotid artery disease?
AB  - The objective of this study was to prospectively assess the value of combining
      clinical assessment and noninvasive testing in predicting the spectrum of carotid
      bifurcation pathology, as subsequently proven by arteriography, in order to
      determine the safety and accuracy of performing carotid endarterectomy without
      angiography. A panel of eight specialists representing vascular surgery,
      neurology, and neurosurgery were presented with the history, physical findings,
      and noninvasive test results (GEE-OPG and duplex scan) of 85 patients. They were
      asked to make an anatomic prediction of the status of each carotid artery (170
      arteries) as to whether the bifurcation was normal, ulcerated, had a
      hemodynamically significant stenosis, or was occluded. The predictions were then
      prospectively evaluated and correlated with angiographic findings; 159 of 170
      (93.5%) carotid arteries were accurately characterized; 73 of 80 (91%)
      symptomatic carotid arteries and 86 of 90 (95.5%) asymptomatic arteries were
      correctly characterized; 61 of 61 (100%) stenoses of hemodynamic significance,
      nine of 14 (64.3%) ulcerations without stenosis, and 18 of 18 (100%) of total
      occlusions were accurately identified by the panel. Twenty-nine patients have
      subsequently had 32 carotid endarterectomies without angiography, and the
      predicted lesion was confirmed at the time of exploration. The combination of
      clinical assessment and noninvasive testing, particularly duplex scanning, when
      performed in a laboratory with validated accuracy may with defined qualification
      be safely used as a substitute for contrast angiography.

PMID- 3389950
TI  - [Biotechnological grounds for the regulation of the component composition of
      cephalosporins in cultures of Acremonium chrysogenum].
AB  - The dynamics of cephalosporine C and desacetylcephalosporine C alterations in
      cultures of Acremonium chrysogenum 309A under different conditions was studied.
      It was shown expedient to determine the fermantation period by the data of HPLC.
      Genetic predisposition of the strain used to production of both cephalosporine C
      and desacetylcephalosporine C is discussed. With changing the cultivation
      procedure, medium active acidity and cultivation time it is possible to change
      the biosynthesis pathway.

PMID- 3389951
TI  - [Effect of L-arabinose and sucrose on the biosynthesis of heliomycin by its
      producer Streptomyces olivocinereus 11-98].
AB  - When Streptomyces olivocinereus 11-98 MFU was grown in media containing L
      arabinose or sucrose there was observed a converse relation between the culture
      growth and heliomycin biosynthesis. In media with two carbon sources: L-arabinose
      and glycerol or sucrose and glycerol at first L-arabinose or sucrose was consumed
      while the level of glycerol consumption remained low as compared to the control.
      After exhaustion of the first carbon source there was observed increased
      consumption of the second one i.e. glycerol. While the medium contained L
      arabinose or sucrose the culture growth was mainly provided by these carbon
      sources and biosynthesis of heliomycin was inhibited. The culture started
      biosynthesis of heliomycin when L-arabinose or sucrose in the medium was
      exhausted. Probably control of heliomycin biosynthesis by L-arabinose or sucrose
      is achieved by catabolic type carbon regulation known as the general mechanism
      regulating biosynthesis of various antibiotics.

PMID- 3389952
TI  - [Kinetic aspects of the relation of the growth of the producer and the
      biosynthesis of heliomycin depending on the carbon source in the medium].
AB  - Kinetic parameters of Streptomyces olivocinereus 11-98 growth and biosynthesis of
      heliomycin were studied. It was shown that carbon sources such as glycerol,
      mannitol and ramnose were the most favourable for the antibiotic biosynthesis.
      These carbon sources belonged to the group of substances providing high growth
      rates of the culture. Ranging of the culture growth rates and antibiotic
      production levels revealed a set of carbon sources providing a converse
      relationship between the growth rate and antibiotic biosynthesis i.e. L
      arabinose, potassium gluconate, raffinose and sucrose. It was suggested that
      these compounds were catabolic type regulators of heliomycin biosynthesis.

PMID- 3389953
TI  - [Structure of galtamycin].
AB  - Structure of galtamycin, a novel anthracycline antibiotic was assessed with 1H
      NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectroscopy. Galtamycin includes an unusual aglycone i.e.
      galtamycinone containing the C-glycoside bond and glycosylated with trisaccharide
      consisting of two fragments of L-rodinose and one fragment of D-olivose.

PMID- 3389954
TI  - [Species differences in the interaction of serum albumin with antibiotics].
AB  - Interaction of oxacillin, cloxacillin, dicloxacillin, phenoxymethylpenicillin,
      methicillin, nafcillin and benzylpenicillin with human serum albumin (HSA) was
      studied with flow microcalorimetry and differential scanning calorimetry. The
      measured thermodynamic parameters of complex formation between the penicillins
      and HSA were compared with similar characteristics of their binding to bovine
      serum albumin. It was shown that there were species differences between these two
      globular proteins in their interaction with the above antibiotics in relation to
      both the number of the biopolymer active sites and the nature of the molecular
      forces in the complex formation. The effect of the first bound molecule of
      oxacillin, cloxacillin, dicloxacillin, nafcillin, phenoxymethylpenicillin and
      benzylpenicillin on HSA conformation was observed. It was demonstrated that there
      was thermostabilization of HSA on its interaction with the above drugs with
      preserving cooperative nature of thermal denaturation of the complexes in
      relation to HSA melting.

PMID- 3389955
TI  - [Lytic ability, in relation to gram-positive microorganisms, of a preparation
      isolated from a Pseudomonas lytica culture].
AB  - A lytic enzyme isolated from P. lytica was studied with respect to its effect on
      pathogenic grampositive and gramnegative organisms. All the grampositive
      organisms were lyzed by the enzyme to this or that extent. The cells of
      staphylococci were the most sensitive. The gramnegative organisms were resistant.
      It was suggested that the lytic enzyme could be used in preparing drugs for
      treating certain skin diseases caused by pathogenic staphylococci.

PMID- 3389956
TI  - [Relation of the biological activity of double helical interferon inducers and
      their penetration into the cell and suppression of protein synthesis].
AB  - The quantities of 125I-ds-inductors of interferon penetrating into the cells of
      transplantable cultures such as M19 (human fibroblast cells) and L-929 (mouse
      line) were not significant i.e. 10.5-4 per cent of the drug added. Under
      conditions of transfection with calcium phosphate and in complex with DEAE
      dextran the quantities of the inductors adhering to the cells and their contents
      in the cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions markedly increased. During the
      transfection with calcium phosphate up to 50 per cent of the applied inductor
      bound to the cells and its content in the cytoplasm and nuclei reached at least
      10 per cent. After penetration into the cells poly I.poly C probably maintained
      its native structure and appeared to be firmly bound to the nuclear material.
      Preliminarily hydrolyzed inductors showed no such penetrating capacity. Contrary
      to the human fibroblast cells, in the mouse cells L-929 treated with the ds
      inductors there was observed inhibition of the total protein synthesis which was
      probably due to activation of enzymes such as 2-5A-synthetase and proteinkinase.
      Increased penetration of the ds-inductors into the cells was accompanied by a
      marked (from 10- to 1000-fold) rise in their antiviral activity and a 2-4-fold
      rise in their interferon-inducing activity. It was concluded that there was
      immediate dependence of ds-inductor biological activity manifestation on the
      level of the inductor penetration into the cells.

PMID- 3389957
TI  - [Preclinical toxicological study of the new antibiotic eremomycin. Chronic
      toxicity and effect on intrauterine development of rats].
AB  - Toxicity of eremomycin was studied after its multiple parenteral administration
      to albino rats, guinea pigs and dogs in doses equivalent by the body surface to
      the daily doses for humans i. e. 1 and 3 g. The antibiotic was administered for 1
      to 6 months. Tolerance of the antibiotic by the dogs after intravenous and
      intramuscular administration was satisfactory. In some animals there were
      observed an insignificant increase in the activity of alanine aminotransferase
      and a rise in the level of urea in blood serum. Pathomorphological examination of
      the internal organs of the albino rats and dogs showed that in high doses the
      antibiotic could have a damaging effect on the kidneys and epithelium of the
      gastrointestinal tract. The level of the damages depended on the dose of the
      antibiotic and duration of its use. The damages induced by eremomycin were
      reversible. It had no marked effect on the peripheral blood count, coagulation
      system and erythrocyte resistance. In the tested doses the antibiotic had no
      unfavourable effect on the hearing function in the experiments with guinea pigs.
      Studies with rats revealed that eremomycin had no teratogenic effect. A slightly
      pronounced embryotoxic action was observed only after using the antibiotic in
      doses exceeding more than 12 times the approximate therapeutic dose.

PMID- 3389958
TI  - [Suppression of DNA synthesis in mice by the anthracycline antibiotics
      daunorubicin, carminomycin and doxorubicin].
AB  - Inhibition of DNA synthesis by rubomycin (daunorubicin), carminomycin and
      doxorubicin in the spleen, liver, kidneys and heart was studied on mice. The
      antibiotics were administered intravenously in a dose of 0.3 LD50. The inhibition
      level was estimated by incorporation of 3H-thymidine. The time courses of DNA
      synthesis inhibition by daunorubicin, carminomycin and doxorubicin markedly
      differed, whereas the patterns of their inhibition curves for all the organs were
      close. The maximum inhibition of DNA synthesis by carminomycin was observed in 6
      hours. After that period it gradually restored. Doxorubicin induced the maximum
      inhibition of DNA synthesis in 24-48 hours after its administration. Daunorubicin
      induced two maxima in inhibition of DNA synthesis i. e. in 6 and 48 hours.
      Definite correlation between the levels of DNA synthesis inhibition by the
      antibiotics and their toxic action was shown.

PMID- 3389959
TI  - [Prediction of the pharmacokinetic profiles of doxycycline in humans based on the
      results of experiments in animals].
AB  - Applicability of the "pharmacokinetic time" concept in animal scale-up was
      evaluated by the findings of the pharmacokinetic study of doxycycline after its
      bolus intravenous administration to rats in doses of 9 and 18 mg/kg and to cats
      as 1-hour constant rate infusion in doses of 3.8 and 7.6 mg/kg. Analysis of the
      pharmacokinetic profiles in the plot of the logarithmic ratio of
      concentration/dose to "pharmacokinetic time" i. e. time related to body weight
      raised to the power 0.25 showed that the slopes of the curves for rats, cats and
      humans (the literature data, intravenous bolus administration in a dose of 2.9
      mg/kg) were practically similar. However, no complete coincidence of the curves
      was observed. When expressed in the "pharmacokinetic time" scale the half lives
      were equal to 4.6-5.4, 3.5-3.7 and 5.2 h.kg-0.25 respectively. The difference was
      1.5-fold while with using the chronological time the difference was about 5-fold
      (3.1 hours in rats and 15.1 hours in humans). Therefore, with using the
      "pharmacokinetic time" 10-fold species differences in the total clearance (0.55
      and 0.056 l.h-1.kg-1 in rats and humans respectively) transformed into 2-fold
      differences (0.37 and 0.16 l.h-1.kg-0.75 respectively). Prediction of doxycycline
      half lives in humans by the experimental findings was successful.

PMID- 3389960
TI  - [Problems related to the fundamentals of antibiotic therapy].

PMID- 3389961
TI  - Morphologic response of rat Leydig cells to hemicastration.
AB  - Hemiorchidectomized rats were followed up to 15 days postsurgery for morphologic
      evaluation of compensatory testicular response and its correlation to serum
      testosterone levels. Although gross compensatory testicular hypertrophy (CTH) was
      not noted, an enlarged interstitium was observed with hypertrophy and hyperplasia
      of Leydig cells with morphologic changes suggestive of increased cellular
      activity. These histologic changes were accompanied by compensatory testicular
      hypersecretion (CTHS) illustrated by the return of the serum testosterone levels
      to near the intact-control value in the later groups. Ultrastructural studies of
      the Leydig cells indicated an increase in the amount of smooth endoplasmic
      reticulum as an underlying mechanism for this response. In view of the previously
      reported normal serum luteinizing hormone levels after hemicastration, the
      compensatory hyperactivity/hypersecretion should be considered primarily an
      intrinsic Leydig cell response, not related to changes in the hypothalamo
      hypophyseal axis.

PMID- 3389962
TI  - Possible utility of a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor in preventing penile
      vascular changes and impotence during aging.

PMID- 3389963
TI  - Ultrastructural abnormalities of epididymal tissues in XXSxr pseudomale (sex
      reversed) mice.
AB  - Sex reversed (Sxr), a duplication of the Y chromosomal testis-determining factor
      in mice, causes testis development in XXSxr animals. No effects of Sxr on
      nongonadal organs are expected. However, we have previously shown that the
      epididymis of XXSxr pseudomale (sex-reversed) mice lacks the Initial Segment. In
      the present study we examined the ultrastructure of the head of the epididymis of
      adult and 21-day old XXSxr pseudomale mice. Epithelial cells of both adult and
      juvenile XXSxr animals contain numerous vesicles, some within mitochondria. The
      basal lamina is thickened and infolded. The periepithelial layer is abnormally
      thick, with distorted smooth muscle cells and fibrocytes that also contain
      lysosomelike vesicles, often in mitochondria, and excessively wide intercellular
      spaces. Normal collagen fibrils are infrequent; they are in part replaced by
      wisps of nondiscrete material, possibly immature collagen. Sxr is known to affect
      spermatogenesis and Sertoli cells. The abnormal conjugation of sex-determining
      genes in XXSxr appears also to subvert mesenchymal-epithelial development in both
      epididymis and testis. We believe the most likely explanation of our data is that
      the XXSxr genotype is not testis specific but also influences the epididymis
      directly.

PMID- 3389964
TI  - Structure of human sperm chromatin: a study on the accessibility of DNA to
      macromolecules.
AB  - The structure of human sperm chromatin compared with somatic chromatin (liver)
      was studied by titration of the exposed DNA-phosphate groups with poly-1-lysine
      (3000 and 28,100 MW) and by their susceptibility to the hydrolytic action of
      micrococcal nuclease and DNase I. With both sizes of polylysine used, the binding
      values were significantly lower for sperm chromatin (0.31 +/- 0.05) than for
      liver chromatin (0.52 +/- 0.05), indicating the presence of about 30% and 52% of
      free phosphate groups, respectively. Interaction with liver chromatin left no
      polylysine molecules partially unbound ("wastage") even when 28,100 MW polylysine
      was used; on the contrary, sperm chromatin showed 26% of "wasted" polylysine even
      when the smaller polymer was used, indicating that in sperm chromatin the
      accessible DNA zones are usually no longer than 42 A, that is, 12 base pair.
      Sperm chromatin was notably more susceptible to both micrococcal nuclease and
      DNase I action than liver chromatin. However, in the presence of saturating
      concentrations of polylysine they were similarly protected. Micrococcal nuclease
      and DNase I hydrolysis products of sperm fractions when submitted to
      electrophoresis produced a polydisperse smearing pattern along the gel that was
      difficult to correlate with the presence of nucleosomal structure.

PMID- 3389965
TI  - Sperm motility in fertile men and males in infertile units: in vitro test.
AB  - An in vitro test evaluating spermatozooan motility was used to compare percentage
      of forward progressive spermatozooa at initial observation, within 1 h of
      obtaining samples, with forward progression after 8 h in Petri dishes (humid
      chambers). A constant motility profile was found in the sperm of fertile men
      after 8 h, whereas a different profile was found in 94% of the infertile male
      groups.

PMID- 3389966
TI  - Electrophoretic characteristics of nuclear proteins from human spermatozoa.
AB  - A comparative electrophoretic analysis of nuclear proteins was investigated in
      ejaculated human semen. The results confirm the biochemical heterogeneity of
      nucleoproteins in sperm with normal routine parameters and demonstrate the same
      heterogeneity in semen with defective routine parameters: nucleoproteins comprise
      histones, intermediate proteins, and protamines in the two groups. Individual
      qualitative and quantitative differences are observed within and between the two
      groups. The results allow a better knowledge of nuclear characteristics of
      ejaculated human spermatozoa but it does not permit the establishment of a
      relationship between biochemical heterogeneity of sperm nucleus and decreased
      fertility.

PMID- 3389967
TI  - Reduction of testicular human chorionic gonadotropin receptors by human chorionic
      gonadotropin in infertile men.
AB  - We measured testicular human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) receptors in 30
      infertile men either before or 1, 3, 5, 7, or 14 days after a single
      administration of 5000 IU of hCG. For 5 days the administration of hCG
      significantly reduced the testicular binding of 125I-hCG compared with that of
      the testes before administration. From the 7th day the binding capacity began to
      increase and returned to the preadministration level 14 days after the treatment.
      Occupied hCG binding sites accounted for about half of the reduction in binding
      sites on the day after administration of hCG. After this time, however, the
      occupancy did not contribute so much to the reduction in binding sites. These
      findings suggest that the reduction in testicular hCG binding sites after a
      single administration of 5000 IU of hCG is due to not only occupancy but also
      down-regulation of the binding sites.

PMID- 3389968
TI  - Effect of kallikrein on testicular blood circulation.
AB  - The increase in the testicular blood flow, thought to be a spermatogenesis
      accelerating activity of kallikrein, was studied histologically from the
      viewpoint of how this increase in the testicular blood flow accelerated the
      testicular damage caused by a high-dose of vinblastine. Damage was evaluated by
      histological analysis of a germinal cell index and a spermatogenic curve. The
      results indicated that (a) kallikrein itself did not cause damage to the testis,
      (b) damage was greater when vinblastine was administered after 10 days' treatment
      with kallikrein, and (c) the degree of enhancement of the testicular damage was
      dependent on the amount of kallikrein administered. Damage was first observed in
      the spermatids, which are highly maturated cells in spermatogenesis and the most
      dependent on Sertoli cells for their nutrition. Comparison of outer (abound in
      capillary) and inner regions of the testicular section revealed greater damage in
      the former. Enhanced testicular damage of both regions was statistically
      significant in the kallikrein-treated group. Kallikrein increased the peripheral
      testicular blood flow and accelerated spermatogenesis. Kallikrein may be a useful
      agent for male fertility.

PMID- 3389969
TI  - Porcine fetal antibodies to maternal granulocytes and lymphocytes.
AB  - Immunological tests were used to determine the presence of antibodies to maternal
      lymphocytes and granulocytes in the blood serum of porcine fetuses and 4-week-old
      young. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that the presence of these
      antibodies in fetal blood was an exception. No cross-reactions of these sera with
      porcine reproductive tract antigens were demonstrated.

PMID- 3389970
TI  - Localized insertion of new S-layer during growth of Bacillus stearothermophilus
      strains.
AB  - Bacillus stearothermophilus strains PV 72 and ATCC 12980 carry a crystalline
      surface layer (S-layer) with hexagonal (p6) and oblique (p2) symmetry,
      respectively. Sites of insertions of new subunits into the regular lattice during
      cell growth have been determined by the indirect fluorescent antibody technique
      and the protein A/colloidal gold technique. During S-layer growth on both
      bacillus strains the following common features were noted: 1. shedding of intact
      S-layer or turnover of individual subunits was not seen; 2. new S-layer was
      deposited in helically-arranged bands over the cylindrical surface of the cell at
      a pitch angle related to the orientation of the lattice vectors of the
      crystalline array; 3. little or no S-layer was inserted into pre-existing S-layer
      at the poles, and 4. septal regions and, subsequently, newly formed cell poles
      were covered with new S-layer protein.

PMID- 3389972
TI  - [Hypochondroplasia. Review of 80 cases].
AB  - The review of 80 unpublished cases of hypochondroplasia revealed the difficulty
      of the diagnosis. A careful clinical and radiological study is necessary. The
      diagnosis is especially difficult if the spine is normal. Hypochondroplasia is
      also close to minor forms of achondroplasia. The transmission is autosomal
      dominant and the paternal age is increased like in the achondroplasia.

PMID- 3389971
TI  - Surface properties from the S-layer of Clostridium thermosaccharolyticum D120-70
      and Clostridium thermohydrosulfuricum L111-69.
AB  - Labelling experiments using a positively charged topographical marker for
      electron microscopy, polycationized ferritin, showed that the S-layers of two
      closely related clostridia Clostridium thermohydrosulfuricum L111-69 and C.
      thermosaccharolyticum D120-70 do not exhibit a net negative charge, as usually
      observed for bacterial cell surfaces. Chemical modification of reactive sites
      confirmed that amino and carboxyl groups are exposed on the S-layer surface of
      both strains. Amino-specific, bifunctional agents crosslinked both S-layer
      lattices. Studies with carbodiimides revealed that only the S-layer surface of C.
      thermohydrosulfuricum L111-69 had amino and carboxyl groups closely enough
      aligned to permit electrostatic interactions between the constituent protomers.
      The regular structure of this S-layer lattice was lost upon converting the
      carboxyl groups into neutral groups by amidation. Disintegration of both S-layer
      lattices occurred upon N-acetylation or N-succinylation of the free amino groups.
      Adhesion experiments showed that in neutral and weakly alkaline environment whole
      cells of C. thermosaccharolyticum D120-70 exhibited a stronger tendency to bind
      to charged surfaces than whole cells of C. thermohydrosulfuricum L111-69, but
      showed a lower tendency to bind to hydrophobic materials.

PMID- 3389973
TI  - [Epidemiology of hydatidosis in Tunisian children and adolescents].
AB  - Analysis of the operative reports of hospitals in the central area of Tunisia
      allowed to define the epidemiology of echinococcosis in children and adolescents.
      Four hundred forty-three patients under 20 years of age were operated on between
      1980 and 1985. In children less than 10 years of age, boys are more often
      concerned than girls, whereas prevalence in girls occurs after 10 years of age.
      Liver involvement is more frequent in girls, whatever their ages. Prevention
      programs should consider the high frequency in young children.

PMID- 3389974
TI  - [Left-sided scrotal pain as a manifestation of an accessory spleen ectopic to the
      gonads].
AB  - The authors report a new case of accessory spleno-testicular fusion with scrotal
      pain. They point out the main features of this rare congenital anomaly and review
      data from the literature.

PMID- 3389975
TI  - [Neonatal intracranial hematoma in hemophilia A].
AB  - A case of subdural and intracerebral hematoma which appeared spontaneously in a
      neonate with severe hemophilia A is reported. This rare complication justifies
      some preventive measures in families at risk : antenatal ultrasonographic
      diagnosis of sex, vitamin K administration to the mother at the end of pregnancy
      and plasma assay for factors VIII and IX in the male neonate. Clinical and
      ultrasonographic examination of the intracranial content must be repeated during
      the first week of life and specific replacement therapy must be instituted if the
      clinical condition requires it.

PMID- 3389976
TI  - [Iconographic rubric. Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (myositis ossificans
      progressiva)].

PMID- 3389977
TI  - [Seasonal prevalence of the birth of dyslexic children].

PMID- 3389978
TI  - [Bilirubin-albumin-binding function of 2 human albumin preparations (placental
      and plasma). Comparison of their efficacy in the icteric premature infant].
AB  - Two albumin preparations obtained by Cohn fractionation of either plasma of blood
      donors (plasmatic albumin) or human placental blood (placental albumin) were
      studied in vitro and in vivo regarding their bilirubin-binding function. Analysis
      of this function during the industrial processing of the two preparations
      indicated that alcoholic fractionation and, to a lesser extent, stabilizers, were
      responsible for the decrease of (a) the association constants between albumin and
      bilirubin, (b) bilirubin-binding capacity of albumin. Unexpectedly, improvement
      of bilirubin-binding parameters was observed after the final heating stage.
      Stabilizers were reversibly bound as suggested by a further improvement of
      binding function seen after a brief contact of the preparations with red blood
      cells. The changes were similar for the two preparations. Fifty-one sick
      premature hyperbilirubinemic neonates were randomly infused either with placental
      or plasmatic albumin (1.5 g/kg). Albuminemia, bilirubinemia, erythrocytic
      bilirubin, unbound bilirubin (peroxidase method) were evaluated before and 3
      hours after infusion. Improvement of bilirubin-binding parameters was frequently
      observed but without clear-cut relation with change in bilirubin/albumin molar
      ratio. No difference was noted between the two albumin preparations. In spite of
      a decrease of their association constants with bilirubin, the two albumins
      retained a high binding potency for bilirubin in vivo.

PMID- 3389980
TI  - [Problem of moral choice in current medicine].

PMID- 3389979
TI  - [Associated morphological anomalies of the face and brain in infants].
AB  - Thirty-nine malformations and morphological abnormalities of the brain are
      analysed among a group of 300 children presenting facial malformations or
      dysembryoplasias (13%) between 1979 and 1986. Holoprosencephaly was discovered
      associated with bilateral labiomaxillary cleft in 25% of cases and an abnormality
      of brain stem was observed in 13% of cases with maxillo-mandibular dysostosis.
      This high incidence, due to the bias of hospital recruitment, confirms the recent
      experimental studies on embryonic development demonstrating the common neural
      origin of the face and brain, between which there is a topographic
      correspondence. To the nasofronto-premaxillary structures corresponds the whole
      prosencephalon and to the maxillo-mandibular areas correspond the brain stem and
      its nerves. The demonstration of the neural crest's role in the morphogenesis of
      the facial mesenchyme, the meninges and the nerves further confirms these
      associations of malformations in phacomatoses or neurocristopathies. Thus, the
      face appears as a marker of the development of the brain.

PMID- 3389981
TI  - [In vivo- and in vitro study of synthetic reference materials as metabolic
      products of 4-oxa-5-exo-(N-methylcarbamoyloxy)-tricyclo [5.2.1.0 (2,6endo)]dec-8
      en-3-on in the rat].

PMID- 3389982
TI  - [Anti-inflammatory 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine. 13. Isomeric (diaryl
      dihydropyrrolizinyl)acetic acids and 2-(diaryldihydropyrrolizinyl)-ethanols].

PMID- 3389983
TI  - [5-(3-aminopropyl)-isoxazoles: synthesis and antibacterial activity of various
      derivatives].

PMID- 3389984
TI  - Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of some analogues of the Ca-antagonist
      cinnarizine.

PMID- 3389985
TI  - Serial computerized tomographic evaluations in traumatic head injury.
AB  - Severely head injured patients often develop lesions requiring neurosurgical
      intervention after admission to a rehabilitation unit. It is postulated that
      routine computerized tomography (CT) at regular intervals during inpatient
      rehabilitation may assist in the discovery of these lesions. This study explores
      the value of obtaining sequential CT scans in a population where it is often
      difficult to objectively assess progress and potential outcome. This series is
      based on 47 patients with traumatic head injuries who were admitted to a
      comprehensive inpatient head injury unit over a two-year period. CT scans were
      performed on each patient by prospective protocol at admission, one month, and
      three months later, unless marked clinical improvement was observed. Nine of 41
      patients (22%) scanned required neurosurgical intervention for ventricular
      enlargement, subdural hematoma, or cerebral abscess after admission to the unit.
      Two of the nine (22%) had changes noted on preadmission scans and seven (78%) had
      pathologic changes detected on CT only after admission to rehabilitation. Thus,
      significant numbers of neurologic lesions were identified in the postacute phase
      during the inpatient rehabilitation program. Serial CT scanning may allow earlier
      diagnosis and thereby minimize further brain injury in the rehabilitation
      setting.

PMID- 3389986
TI  - Agitation following traumatic head injury: equivocal evidence for a discrete
      stage of cognitive recovery.
AB  - Agitation and confusion appear to be associated in the early period of recovery
      from traumatic head injury. Eighteen severely head-injured patients were assessed
      during acute rehabilitation for both the extent of agitation and level of
      cognitive functioning. Agitation was measured by the Agitated Behavior Scale
      developed by Corrigan. Simultaneous independent measurements of cognitive
      functioning were obtained from the Orientation Group Monitoring System and Mini
      Mental State. Agitation was significantly correlated with both measures of
      cognitive functioning, indicating that as cognition improved, agitation
      diminished. Agitation was partitioned into high and low levels, and cognitive
      functioning was partitioned into low, middle, and high levels for each of the two
      measures of cognitive functioning. Chi-square analysis of the distribution of
      agitation and cognition indicated significant differentiation, with high
      agitation prevalent in low levels of cognition, and low agitation prevalent in
      high levels of cognition. Patients in the middle level of cognition were equally
      likely to demonstrate high and low agitation. Further descriptive analysis
      indicated that improvement from low levels of cognition preceded improved
      agitation, and improved agitation preceded clearing from posttraumatic amnesia.
      These results provide equivocal support for the long-held clinical observation
      that a period of pronounced confusion and agitation represents a discrete stage
      of recovery from traumatic head injury.

PMID- 3389987
TI  - Airway problems in patients with traumatic brain injury.
AB  - It has become an accepted practice to perform endotracheal intubation on patients
      who are comatose as a result of traumatic brain injury; and if the comatose state
      persists, a surgical tracheotomy is performed. There are inherent risks
      associated with both of these procedures. Of 44 patients with traumatic brain
      injury admitted to the author's rehabilitation unit, ten required endotracheal
      intubation only; in 32, endotracheal intubation was followed by tracheotomy; and
      two required immediate tracheotomies. Clinically detectable laryngotracheal
      pathology developed in five patients; four patients did not tolerate
      decannulation and were discharged with tracheotomies; and two patients required
      reintubation because of recurrent pneumonias. Surgical intervention was necessary
      in three patients; one patient was extubated two years after injury; and seven
      remain with tracheotomy. The management of these complications and principles of
      tracheotomy care are discussed. The literature is reviewed to gain a better
      understanding of these problems. Anticipation of these complications should
      prevent possible life-threatening consequences.

PMID- 3389989
TI  - Sensory segmental latency values of the median nerve for a population of normal
      individuals.
AB  - Seventy hands of 38 individuals without carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) were
      compared with 54 hands of 30 age- and sex-matched patients with a clinical
      diagnosis of CTS. The comparison was performed in order to determine the limits
      for normal-usual values for sensory nerve conduction latency values of the median
      nerve in the area of the wrist, using the segmental stimulation technique in 1 cm
      increments described by Kimura. Kimura has recognized 0.5msec as the criterion
      for abnormality. In this study the segmental latency value of 0.4msec was also
      found to fall outside the range of normal-usual values. Although 0.5msec provides
      a higher degree of specificity (97%), its sensitivity is limited (54%). By
      contrast, 0.4msec provides an enhanced sensitivity (81%) while maintaining what
      we feel is an acceptable amount of specificity (81%). Although the predictive
      accuracy of 0.4msec (77%) is less than that of 0.5msec (93%), both values have
      merit in confirming CTS. With 0.5msec the clinician can be assured that
      relatively few normal individuals will be included in the CTS group; however, use
      of this value may result in a high number of false negative results. In contrast,
      0.4msec affords the clinician the increased sensitivity needed to make a
      diagnosis of CTS in those cases where the conduction deficit is subtle and highly
      localized; but associated with its use is the possibility of false positive
      results. In both cases, a thorough history and clinical examination are necessary
      to ensure correct interpretation of the nerve conduction study results.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3389988
TI  - Computerized tomography head scans as predictors of functional outcome of stroke
      patients.
AB  - Preadmission computerized tomography (CT) scans of the head were used to help
      develop a clinical method for the prediction of outcome of stroke patients. The
      functional gains and discharge outcomes of 100 stroke patients after inpatient
      rehabilitation were considered. Reports of preadmission (acute care hospital) CT
      scans of the head were analyzed and placed into six groups representing
      progressive anatomic involvement. Functional status was measured at admission and
      discharge using the patient evaluation and conference system (PECS) and placed
      into four functional groups. The groups ranged from normal to totally dependent
      in self-care activities, ambulation, and bladder and bowel functioning. Admission
      CT head scans reported in two categories--"normal" or "small superficial infarct"
      -were associated with return to independent functioning. Bihemispheric infarcts
      were associated with discharge to nursing home (71%), rather than to independent
      living. Of all patients with functional gain as measured with PECS, 79% returned
      home.

PMID- 3389990
TI  - Postinversion responses to inversion in normal subjects.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine cardiac output and related
      cardiovascular responses during postinversion by comparing preinversion (baseline
      data) to postinversion data in healthy, normal subjects. Each of 20 subjects
      (means = 22 years) was inverted for five minutes. Cardiac output was measured
      noninvasively with the Beckman MMC and CO2 rebreathing program. ANOVA with
      repeated measures was used to determine significance of change between
      preinversion and postinversion values. The alpha level was set at 0.05 for
      statistical significance. During postinversion stand, there were (a) significant
      decreases in oxygen uptake (p less than 0.0008), cardiac output (p less than
      0.0005), and stroke volume (p less than 0.0018); (b) significant increases in
      arteriovenous oxygen difference (p less than 0.0281), peripheral vascular
      resistance (p less than 0.0001), and diastolic blood pressure (p less than
      0.0087); and (c) nonsignificant changes in heart rate, systolic blood pressure,
      and double product from the preinversion baseline standing position. The results
      demonstrate little if any need for concern for a subject's return to the upright
      position.

PMID- 3389991
TI  - The stroke rehabilitation outcome study--Part I: General description.
AB  - Part I describes the background of the study, the characteristics of the patient
      population, and their functional status before onset of stroke, at rehabilitation
      admission, and at discharge, and the outcomes six months after discharge. Results
      showed that the average age was 69; 40% had right hemiparesis, 43% left, and 17%
      bilateral deficits. Medical complications during rehabilitation hospitalization
      were more common in patients who, at follow-up, were either living in a long-term
      care facility or had died. Average length of medical rehabilitation stay was 37
      days, with mean admission and discharge Barthel Index scores of 37 and 66,
      respectively. Seventy percent of patients were discharged to the community and
      68% were in the community six months after discharge. Patients with higher
      Barthel Index scores at discharge were more likely to be living in the community
      at follow-up. Patients living in the community at follow-up, with higher Barthel
      Index scores, were more likely to be satisfied with life in general, have more
      person-to-person contacts, and be more active in community affairs.

PMID- 3389992
TI  - Cardiorespiratory and subjective responses to incremental and constant load
      ergometry with arms and legs.
AB  - Aerobic exercises in which both arm and legs are used are becoming more popular
      for conditioning and rehabilitation. In order to clarify our understanding of
      physiologic and subjective responses to work of this type, two experiments were
      conducted using legs and/or arms. In the first, incremental cycle ergometry was
      done with the arms (A), legs (L), and combined, in which either 10% (A-10) or 25%
      (A-25) of the power output (PO) was done by the arms. Peak rate of oxygen
      consumption (VO2) and heart rate (HR) were significantly lower for A, but the
      other three conditions did not differ significantly. Ventilatory breakpoint (VB)
      was significantly higher for A-10 than for L. The second study used 60 minutes of
      constant-load work at a PO of approximately 115% of the PO at which the VB
      occurred in the L incremental test, to stimulate an aerobic training session.
      During the 60 minutes, VO2 and cardiac output were significantly higher, and
      systolic blood pressure (SBP) significantly lower for A-25 than for L, with A-10
      values generally failing between the two. The HR-SBP products and ratings of
      perceived exertion were quite similar for the three modes. Thus, assigning some
      of the PO to the arms allowed a greater metabolic load to be maintained with no
      greater cardiovascular or subjective strain, suggesting that this type of
      exercise might be valuable for aerobic conditioning, cardiorespiratory
      rehabilitation, and weight control.

PMID- 3389993
TI  - Computerized synthesis of electromyographic interference patterns.
AB  - Computer simulation is a process that appears to have wide application in many
      disciplines. Electromyographic (EMG) interference patterns can be computer
      synthesized by inputting parameters of individual motor unit action potentials
      (MUAPs) such as amplitude, duration, and phases, and recruitment parameters of
      number of motor units, and the firing rate and its standard deviation. The
      resulting simulated EMG interference patterns can then be used to test hypotheses
      regarding the effect of alteration of the individual MUAP parameters on the
      interference pattern. An example of the usefulness of simulation is demonstrated
      by the analysis of the simulated patterns by the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT),
      which indicates that the major frequency band in the FFT results from the
      duration of the individual phases of the MUAP. The motor unit's recruitment rate
      is superimposed on the FFT envelope in the low-frequency end. The variability of
      the firing rate influences the distinctness of the low-frequency peaks. The MUAP
      amplitude and number of motor units in the recruitment pattern are reflected in
      the FFT power. Simulation appears to be a useful tool for further investigation
      and development of EMG signal analysis techniques.

PMID- 3389994
TI  - Supine interface pressure in children.
AB  - The effectiveness of using 2-inch and 4-inch convoluted foam overlays to protect
      children from developing pressure sores was investigated in 13 healthy children
      ranging in age from ten weeks to 13.5 years. Interface pressures were measured
      under the occipital, sacral, and scapular areas of children as they lay on a
      standard mattress, then on 2-inch and 4-inch foam overlays. The differences in
      pressures between the occiput and scapula, occiput and sacrum, and scapula and
      sacrum were significant (p less than .001), with the highest pressures recorded
      under the occipital area. Occipital pressures decreased from 45.7mmHg on the
      standard mattress to 22.3mmHg on the 4-inch overlay in ages 0 to 2, 54.3mmHg to
      30.5mmHg in ages 2 to 10, and 78.0mmHg to 42.4mmHg in ages 10 to 14. Sacral
      pressures were highest in older and larger children, increasing from 17mm Hg in
      ages 0 to 2 to 34mmHg in ages 10 to 14, and when body surface area was greater
      than 1m2. These results indicate that the site of greatest pressure changes with
      increasing age from the occipital area to the sacral area. Therefore, different
      pressure relief considerations are necessary in treating pediatric patients than
      in managing pressure under adults.

PMID- 3389996
TI  - Risks of restraints in head injury.
AB  - Confusion and disorientation occur as part of the process of recovery from head
      injury. Methods of management frequently include the use of restraints. A case is
      presented that illustrates how death or disability is possible from routine use
      of restraints. Awareness of the risk factors can reduce untoward complications.

PMID- 3389997
TI  - Posttraumatic cerebral atrophy as a risk factor for delayed acute subdural
      hemorrhage.
AB  - It has long been appreciated that chronic alcoholics and the elderly with
      generalized cerebral atrophy are at increased risk for the development of acute
      subdural hematomas. The reported incidence of cerebral atrophy after severe head
      injury is significant. However, the incidence of late morbidity and mortality
      from acute subdural hematoma is not well documented. Acute subdural hemorrhage is
      attributed to rupture of bridging cerebral veins. In the presence of cerebral
      atrophy, the bridging veins are stretched and traverse a greater distance in the
      subdural space. They are therefore more susceptible to tearing with minor trauma.
      In addition, there is a delayed tamponade effect since the atrophied brain is
      shrunken away from the inner table of the skull. A case report is presented which
      suggests that survivors of severe head injury may be at increased risk for the
      development of acute subdural hematomas from relatively minor injuries months or
      even years after their initial trauma.

PMID- 3389995
TI  - Acute somatic pain can refer to sites of chronic abdominal pain.
AB  - We report a case of a latissimus dorsi muscle strain that presented as a
      recurrence of chronic abdominal pain. One explanation of the referral of acute
      pain to a site of chronic pain is the convergence-projection theory, which
      hypothesizes that pain signals of visceral and somatic origin converge at some
      point in the sensory pathway. Upon reaching the cortex, these signals are
      interpreted as coming from the afferents which have previously excited this
      pathway. In this case an extensive gastrointestinal diagnostic evaluation was
      pursued unsuccessfully before the latissimus dorsi muscle strain was diagnosed.
      Outpatient therapy of spray and stretch combined with a home stretching program
      produced a prompt and persistent resolution of the symptoms.

PMID- 3389999
TI  - Axonal hypertrophy.

PMID- 3389998
TI  - Interface design for indirect calorimetry in children with cerebral palsy.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to design, construct, and validate an alternative
      subject/instrument interface to collect metabolic data for individuals who,
      because of impairment, are unable to use a mouthpiece. An industrial designer
      directed the development of an interface design which would facilitate subject
      acceptance. A total of 13 subjects (eight children with cerebral palsy and five
      nonneurologically impaired) participated in the validation study. Metabolic data
      were collected at rest and during three levels of exercise, using both the
      traditional mouthpiece and the interface designed for this study. Exercise
      intensities were matched for both experimental conditions. Subjects exercised
      using an electrically braked ergometer configured for arm pedaling. A
      modification in a Beckman Metabolic Cart allowed for the collection of values
      with a standard mouthpiece and low-flow interface. Validity of the interface was
      evaluated using a concurrent, criterion procedure. Correlations of mouthpiece vs
      interface data during rest and across each exercise level for oxygen consumption
      were high (r = 0.94 to 0.84; p less than 0.05). Similar results were obtained for
      carbon dioxide production (r = 0.92 to 0.85; p less than 0.05).

PMID- 3390000
TI  - Forward reach to reduce ischial pressure.

PMID- 3390002
TI  - Effect of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) on virus replication and maturation.
AB  - At intermediate concentrations of DMSO the yields of infectious virus and
      biologically active hemagglutinin and neuraminidase of an influenza A virus (fowl
      plague virus) and of reassortants therefrom are enhanced severalfold, even though
      viral protein synthesis is not significantly affected. A corresponding enhancing
      effect was also found with New castle disease and Semliki Forest viruses. At
      elevated concentrations of DMSO virus yield decreases, and under these conditions
      the synthesis of the late influenza virus proteins is specifically inhibited. The
      results indicate that DMSO can facilitate the assembly of virus particles, and
      viral components, which are normally produced in surplus amounts, now contribute
      to the maturation of infectious particles.

PMID- 3390003
TI  - [Effects of a traditional Chinese medicine "hochuekki-to" on natural killer
      activity].

PMID- 3390004
TI  - [An application of autologous blood injection therapy in patients with chronic
      urticaria and its effects on thresholds of skin reaction].

PMID- 3390001
TI  - Inactivation of human immunodeficiency virus during human growth hormone
      production.
AB  - Since human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been found in the brains of AIDS
      patients, the possibility was investigated that preparations of human growth
      hormone (hGH) extracted from human pituitary glands harbor infectious HIV. It was
      found that the procedure used for extracting hGH, i.e. a combination of acid pH
      and 10% ethanol, totally inactivates HIV infectivity.

PMID- 3390005
TI  - [Studies of mechanism of late asthmatic response using bronchoalveolar lavage].

PMID- 3390006
TI  - [IgG, IgA and IgM antibodies to mite (Dermatophagoides farinae) in sera and nasal
      secretions from patients with allergic rhinitis].

PMID- 3390007
TI  - The need for a nonpulsatile pumping system.

PMID- 3390008
TI  - Role of hypovolemia in dialysis-induced hypotension.
AB  - Blood volume was measured continuously during hemodialysis using the authors'
      hematocrit continuous measurement system in an attempt to determine any
      relationship between dialysis-induced hypotension with acute onset and blood
      volume. Hypotension resulted approximately 3 h into dialysis in the present
      study. This point in time was that at which blood volume was more than 5% above
      the minimum level during the dialysis treatment, and in some patients it was more
      than 10% over the minimum level of blood volume. At the time dialysis-induced
      hypotension occurred or before, there was no sharp decrease in blood volume nor
      any change in the plasma refilling rate. This suggested that this hypotension is
      caused by a sudden breakdown of the blood pressure support mechanism compensating
      for decreased blood volume.

PMID- 3390009
TI  - The need for teaching artificial organ technology in medicine: learning from the
      kidney.
AB  - In organ replacement therapy, there are lessons to be learned from the
      biological, clinical, social, and educational implications of renal replacement
      therapy, the kidney being first among other organs in the quality and quantity of
      therapy. In the light of the teaching potential of these lessons, no pre- or
      postgraduate educational reforms can afford to ignore the fruit of 20 years of
      renal replacement therapy.

PMID- 3390011
TI  - "Das Einfachste ist sowie das Vollkommene" [The simplest is also the best].

PMID- 3390012
TI  - Renal syndromes in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS): lessons learned
      from analysis over 5 years.
AB  - Renal syndromes associated with the Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome include:
      potentially reversible acute renal failure, AIDS associated nephropathy which
      leads to end stage renal disease, and AIDS developing in patients who are being
      treated by maintenance hemodialysis. The longitudinal study of 95 patients with
      AIDS and various forms of renal syndrome at two urban institutions indicates that
      both acute and chronic renal failure is increasing yearly. While some patients
      with acute renal failure recover renal function and survive for prolonged period,
      the mortality of dialyzed patients with irreversible renal failure continues to
      be unsatisfactory. There is a great need for collecting data from high risk areas
      to analyze the results of maintenance dialysis therapy in patients with AIDS, to
      assess the economic impact of uremia therapy, and for long-term planning of
      available resources.

PMID- 3390010
TI  - Changes in albumin/platelet interaction with an artificial surface--due to a
      antibiotics, pyridoxal phosphate, and lymphocytes.
AB  - Protein adsorption and platelet adhesion are two important biological processes
      arising at the blood prosthetic interface. The effect of certain antibiotics,
      namely, neomycin, gentamicin, ampicillin, penicillin-G, and streptomycin to
      modulate the albumin polycarbonate surface interaction was investigated using
      125I albumin from a protein mixture in the presence and absence of isolated calf
      lymphocytes. This study also demonstrated the changes in platelet-surface
      adhesion with these antibiotics. The effect of pyridoxal phosphate to modulate
      the red blood cell-mediated platelet-surface attachment was also attempted. It
      appears from pyridoxal phosphate studies that pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) could
      modify the surface-platelet attachment. It also inhibited the fibrinogen-induced
      platelet adhesion. It seems, the addition of antibiotics to the polymerprotein
      system increased the level of surface-bound albumin variably whereas lymphocytes
      incubated in the medium did not affect the surface-albumin concentration with
      time course. These antibiotics also inhibited the surface-induced platelet
      adhesion to variable degrees. Our earlier studies have indicated that certain
      antibiotics or antiplatelet drugs can inhibit the fibrinogen binding to an
      artificial surface. Therefore, it may be possible that the enhanced albumin
      surface concentration or reduced fibrinogen-surface binding, in the presence of
      these antibiotics, may itself be one of the parameter for a reduced platelet
      surface attachment, which may also improve the blood compatibility of the
      substrate. A better understanding of the mechanism of antibiotics is needed in in
      vivo conditions to correlate these findings.

PMID- 3390013
TI  - Definitions of differences and changes in peritoneal membrane water transport
      properties.
AB  - A survey is given comparing measurements of transperitoneal water transport in
      different clinical situations with analyses based on the so-called "pore theory."
      This model links the measured changes to physical alterations of the peritoneal
      membrane. The calculations include "equivalent pore radius," effective "membrane
      area" and diffusive length, the transport resistance of the unstirred dialysate
      layer, and the residual intraperitoneal volume after dialysate drainage. The
      clinical appearances include individual differences in transperitoneal transport
      characteristics, changes in transperitoneal transport over time on continuous
      ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and during peritonitis, the pharmacological
      effect on the transport properties, and the effect of peritoneal catheter
      dislocation on ultrafiltration capacity. The main conclusions are as follow:
      During CAPD treatment the measurement of intraperitoneal solute equilibration and
      "mass-transfer-area coefficients" for urea and creatinine is less sensitive than
      the measurement of ultrafiltration volume in revealing peritoneal membrane
      changes. Differences and changes found have mostly a combined physical
      explanation, but one is more or less dominant. Changes in peritoneal membrane
      area seem to be the most dominant cause of changes in transperitoneal transport
      during time on CAPD and when sodium nitroprusside was added to the peritoneal
      dialysate. Changes during peritonitis can be explained by changes in pore radius
      and depth. Individual differences can be explained by differences in "membrane"
      area and in resistance of the unstirred dialysate fluid. High residual dialysate
      volume can give rise to clinical problems and should be considered when placing
      the catheter in the peritoneal cavity.

PMID- 3390014
TI  - Innovations in blood purification: substantive or cosmetic?

PMID- 3390015
TI  - Computers in artificial organs.

PMID- 3390017
TI  - Current and future valves for blood pumps.
AB  - There is a variety of mechanical prosthetic valves that can be applied to blood
      pumps, and one can be selective about those particular characteristics tailored
      to each blood pump and its application. These devices have become extremely
      reliable, particularly since, in the experience of this laboratory, the dp/dt
      generated in the ventricle of the pneumatically powered artificial heart is
      successfully lowered. Future modifications of the valves, such as the Medtronic
      Hall monostrut valve and the Medtronic-Hall tubular valve, are expected.

PMID- 3390016
TI  - Exchange blood transfusion for acute hepatic failure: its limited availability
      depending on the type of injury in rats.
AB  - The efficacy of exchange blood transfusion for acute hepatic failure was
      evaluated using rats. Rats receiving a dose of carbon tetrachloride died later
      than 24 h after dosing. When their blood was replaced with blood from normal rats
      at 24 h, survival time was prolonged, and hepatic protein synthesis was enhanced
      at 36 h with improved prothrombin time (PT). Those rats surviving 120 h showed
      better histological grade of recovery from injury after treatment. In contrast,
      dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-intoxicated rats showed no such improvement in survival
      time or PT. In rats given a nonfatal dose of carbon tetrachloride, serum glutamic
      pyruvic transaminase values were five times higher than those in rats given DMN
      despite similar maximal PT. The benefit of exchange transfusion for acute hepatic
      failure may differ depending on the mechanism of development in rats. Enhanced
      hepatic protein synthesis may contribute to its effect.

PMID- 3390018
TI  - Cardiovascular assist versus total artificial heart.

PMID- 3390019
TI  - Rapid measurement of dialyzer clearance as a function of molecular weight.
AB  - The relationship between solute clearance and molecular weight (MW) is an
      important performance characteristic of hemodialyzers. Traditionally, this
      relationship has been determined using a range of solutes of diverse properties
      that require a variety of analytical procedures. We describe a simple method for
      obtaining clearance as a function of MW using a homologous series of glucose
      oligomers, continuous from the monomer to the octamer. Using HPLC, single
      analyses of the inflow and outflow streams of the dialyzer allow the
      determination of clearances over a MW range of up to 1314 daltons.

PMID- 3390020
TI  - Transcutaneous monitoring of blood gas tensions in patients on intermittent
      peritoneal dialysis.
AB  - A relative contraindication to intermittent peritoneal dialysis (IPD) is chronic
      lung disease. To evaluate whether the instillation of 2 L of fluid into the
      peritoneal cavity affects respiratory function, five IPD patients were studied in
      the supine position during the first 4 h of a routine IPD session. Blood gas
      tensions were monitored transcutaneously throughout the study period. At the
      onset of dialysis, mean transcutaneous blood oxygen tension (PtcO2) was 70.6 +/-
      9.1 mm Hg. It decreased to 55 +/- 9.9 mm Hg (22% change from basal values) during
      the instillation of dialysate. Upon drainage, PtcO2 returned to baseline. This
      sequence of events repeated itself on subsequent exchanges, although with
      decreasing decrements of PtcO2 with each consecutive exchange (decrease to 58.6
      +/- 7.05, 61 +/- 6.5, 63.8 +/- 5.2 mm Hg corresponding to 16%, 12.7%, and 9.6%,
      respectively, during the second to fourth exchanges). Transcutaneous blood carbon
      dioxide tension, PtcCO2, showed a very mild increase during the study (33 +/- 7.1
      to 38 +/- 6.0 mm Hg). In two patients, the same study protocol was performed
      during the last 4 h of an IPD session. In these two patients, there was only a 5%
      variation of PtcO2 from baseline values. These results suggest that an adaptive
      response to the hypoxemia induced by dialysate instillation rapidly occurs in IPD
      patients.

PMID- 3390021
TI  - Abstracts from the First International Congress of the World Apheresis
      Association. Tokyo, Japan, May 20-23, 1986.

PMID- 3390022
TI  - Prevention of neurologic injuries in boxing.

PMID- 3390024
TI  - Parkinson's disease.

PMID- 3390023
TI  - Can carotid endarterectomy be justified?

PMID- 3390025
TI  - Reductions in acetylcholine and nicotine binding in several degenerative
      diseases.
AB  - Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and progressive supranuclear palsy are
      all characterized by loss of neurons in the basal forebrain cholinergic system
      and by associated reductions in cortical presynaptic cholinergic markers, such as
      choline acetyltransferase. In this report, we identify that a major cortical
      receptor alteration in these disorders is a reduction in nicotinic receptors
      measured using both tritiated acetylcholine and levorotatory tritiated nicotine
      binding.

PMID- 3390026
TI  - Differential mood changes following basal ganglia vs thalamic lesions.
AB  - Patients with computed tomographic scan-verified unilateral lesions in the basal
      ganglia or thalamus were examined for the presence of poststroke mood disorders.
      Patients with left-sided basal ganglia lesions (mainly in the head of the caudate
      nucleus) showed a significantly higher frequency and severity of depression, as
      compared with patients with right-sided basal ganglia or thalamic (left- or right
      sided) lesions. Results suggest that damage to biogenic amine pathways and/or
      frontocaudate projections may play an important role in the modulation of mood.

PMID- 3390027
TI  - Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Magnetic resonance patterns of brain
      involvement with pathologic correlation.
AB  - Magnetic resonance brain scans of 30 patients with either acquired
      immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or AIDS-related complex were reviewed. Twenty
      patients had focally abnormal neurological examination results at the time of
      scanning. Pathological diagnosis was available in nine. Four patterns of
      abnormality were observed on T2-weighted images. Multiple discrete high-signal
      foci (pattern A) were found in patients with toxoplasmosis and progressive
      multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Large, bilateral patchy to confluent high-signal
      areas within the white matter (pattern B) represented a white matter encephalitis
      secondary to cytomegalovirus or human immunodeficiency virus. Generalized
      enlargement of the cortical sulci and ventricles (pattern C) probably reflected
      atrophic changes from the chronic human immunodeficiency virus infection and
      prolonged debilitating illness. Solitary high-signal-intensity lesions (pattern
      D) suggested a nonviral opportunistic infection. Differential diagnosis of brain
      abnormalities in patients with AIDS can be assisted by recognition of these
      characteristic patterns.

PMID- 3390028
TI  - A clinical sign of canal paresis.
AB  - Unilateral loss of horizontal semicircular canal function, termed canal paresis,
      is an important finding in dizzy patients. To our knowledge, apart from head
      shaking nystagmus, no clinical sign of canal paresis has yet been described and
      the term derives from the characteristic finding on caloric tests: little or no
      nystagmus evoked by either hot or cold irrigation of the affected ear. We
      describe a simple and reliable clinical sign of total unilateral loss of
      horizontal semicircular canal function: one large or several small oppositely
      directed, compensatory, refixation saccades elicited by rapid horizontal head
      rotation toward the lesioned side. Using magnetic search coils to measure head
      and eye movement, we have validated this sign in 12 patients who had undergone
      unilateral vestibular neurectomy.

PMID- 3390029
TI  - Distribution of brain metastases.
AB  - The number and site of brain metastases were identified on the computed
      tomographic scans of 288 patients. There was one brain metastasis in 49%, two in
      21%, three in 13%, four in 6%, and five or more in 11% of scans. In patients with
      one metastasis, the posterior fossa was involved in 50% of patients when the
      primary tumor was pelvic (prostate or uterus) or gastrointestinal, but it was
      involved in only 10% of patients with other primary tumors. Hemispheral
      metastases preferred the anatomic "watershed areas" (29% of the brain surface
      contained 37% of the metastases), indicating that tumoral microemboli tend to
      lodge in the capillaries of the distal parts of the superficial arteries. The
      charts of 134 patients with brain metastases from a primary tumor originating
      outside the lung revealed that the incidence of lung and spine metastases was the
      same, whether the primary tumor was pelvic or gastrointestinal or from another
      site. These data suggest that the high incidence of subtentorial lesions in
      patients with pelvic and gastrointestinal primary tumors cannot be explained by
      arterial embolization alone, and that this peculiar distribution is probably not
      explained by seeding of the brain through Batson's plexus.

PMID- 3390030
TI  - Interrater reliability in assessing functional systems and disability on the
      Kurtzke scale in multiple sclerosis.
AB  - Interexaminer agreement in the use of quantitative scales for the evaluation of
      neurological deficits is essential to the reliability of clinical data from
      cooperative studies on multiple sclerosis. In this study, four neurologists,
      arranged into six pairs, examined 24 patients with definite multiple sclerosis
      and assessed each functional system and disability on the Kurtzke scale. As
      expressed by the kappa index, interobserver agreement was rather low, ranging
      from 30% to 50%. Sensory and mental functions turned out to be the most variable.
      The kappa indexes reached values above 85%, when raters who differed by no more
      than one point were considered as agreeing. A point difference on the scale of,
      at most, two units seemed to be a reliable index of clinical change. Moreover,
      these results pointed to the necessity for a specific training program for raters
      and for periodic control of interobserver variability in multicenter surveys.

PMID- 3390031
TI  - The relationship of agraphia to the severity of dementia in Alzheimer's disease.
AB  - Impairment of writing ability was studied in 20 patients with mild to moderate
      dementia caused by early-onset Alzheimer's disease. A multicomponent analysis was
      made of a brief narrative writing sample obtained from each patient, and this
      writing proficiency score was compared with results of standard tests of
      cognitive function as well as ratings of the degree of dementia. In these
      patients, significant correlations were observed between this brief test of
      narrative writing ability and the severity of dementia. An analysis of writing
      proficiency appears to be a simple means of assessing the severity of dementia
      caused by Alzheimer's disease. Further studies are needed to show the potential
      usefulness of such measures of agraphia in subtyping this disease.

PMID- 3390032
TI  - Generalized status myoclonicus in acute anoxic and toxic-metabolic
      encephalopathies.
AB  - Nineteen cases of generalized status myoclonicus (GSM) associated with acute
      anoxic and/or toxic-metabolic encephalopathy were studied. Generalized status
      myoclonicus was associated with coma in the overwhelming majority of patients
      (95%), although one patient had only clouding of consciousness. Generalized
      status myoclonicus occurred in 13 patients after cardiorespiratory arrest and in
      six patients after toxic-metabolic encephalopathy. Thirteen patients died, four
      survived in a chronic vegetative state, and two recovered without any permanent
      neurologic sequelae. Generalized status myoclonicus was preceded by generalized
      tonic-clonic seizures or generalized tonic-clonic status epilepticus in six
      patients (32%). The implications of these findings are discussed and a hypothesis
      that generalized status myoclonicus is a fragment of generalized tonic-clonic
      status epilepticus is proposed. Generalized status myoclonicus is a grave
      prognostic indicator that is often not compatible with useful recovery in spite
      of all therapeutic efforts. The final outcome is related to the underlying
      disease process. In our study, complete neurologic recovery was observed in two
      patients (11%).

PMID- 3390033
TI  - Posterior cortical atrophy.
AB  - Five patients had progressive dementia heralded by disorders of higher visual
      function. All eventually developed alexia, agraphia, visual agnosia, and
      components of Balint's, Gerstmann's, and transcortical sensory aphasia syndromes.
      Memory, insight, and judgment were relatively preserved until late in the course.
      Predominant parieto-occipital atrophy was demonstrated on both computed
      tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in two of the patients; posterior
      circulation was normal by angiography in the three studied. To date, no
      pathologic specimen is available for study; speculations on the underlying
      pathologic condition include an atypical clinical variant of Alzheimer's disease,
      a lobar atrophy analogous to Pick's disease, or some previously unrecognized
      entity.

PMID- 3390034
TI  - Vascular dementia is underdiagnosed.

PMID- 3390035
TI  - Vascular dementia: too much, or too little?

PMID- 3390036
TI  - Isolated brain-stem third nerve palsy.
AB  - Midbrain hemorrhage from a presumed vascular anomaly caused a severe third nerve
      palsy without other ocular motor or neurologic signs or symptoms.

PMID- 3390037
TI  - Periodic sharp waves in baclofen-induced encephalopathy.
AB  - Acute encephalopathy and an abnormal electroencephalogram with a periodic sharp
      wave pattern developed in a 58-year-old woman shortly after she received a few
      doses of baclofen. The clinical and electroencephalographic abnormalities
      improved promptly after the medication was discontinued.

PMID- 3390038
TI  - Use of circularly polarized light in fundus and optic disc photography.
AB  - Circularly polarized light was used in fundus and optic disc photography to
      reduce reflected glare and photographic artifacts originating from the ocular
      media and the lenses of the fundus camera. A standard fundus camera was used,
      with circular polarizers placed in the illumination and observation paths. The
      quality of fundus photography was improved significantly in eyes with intraocular
      lenses, cataract, vitreous haze, or high myopia as well as in normal eyes, in
      fundus photography of the retinal periphery, and in optic disc photography.

PMID- 3390039
TI  - Optic disc rim area is related to disc size in normal subjects.

PMID- 3390040
TI  - Treatment of lacrimal punctal stenosis with a one-snip canaliculotomy and
      temporary punctal plugs.

PMID- 3390041
TI  - Press embargoes and medical news.

PMID- 3390042
TI  - The oculocardiac reflex in identical twins.

PMID- 3390043
TI  - Intraocular Ascaris larva. Case report.

PMID- 3390044
TI  - Intracorneal ophthalmomyiasis. Case report.

PMID- 3390045
TI  - Vitreous amyloidosis. Case report.

PMID- 3390046
TI  - Radial intrastromal lines in Acanthamoeba keratitis. Case report.

PMID- 3390047
TI  - Spreading the word. The Chinese-language edition of the Archives.

PMID- 3390048
TI  - The Association of University Professors of Ophthalmology. Increasing involvement
      in important issues.

PMID- 3390049
TI  - Cystoid macular edema following cataract surgery.

PMID- 3390050
TI  - Subspecialty fellowship training in ophthalmology.

PMID- 3390051
TI  - Correlation of asymmetric damage with asymmetric intraocular pressure in normal
      tension glaucoma (low-tension glaucoma).
AB  - If intraocular pressure plays a role in producing visual field loss in normal
      tension glaucoma, there may be a possible benefit from therapeutic efforts to
      lower the pressure. To see whether pressure plays a role in the production of
      damage, we studied 14 cases of normal-tension glaucoma with asymmetric
      intraocular pressure (1- to 6-mm Hg interocular difference in pressure). In 12 of
      these 14 cases, we found that glaucomatous cupping and field loss (damage) was
      greater in the eye with higher pressure. This statistically significant
      correspondence of the higher pressure with the greater visual damage suggests
      that the level of pressure is a factor in producing optic nerve damage. Other
      factors also must contribute to account for the few instances in which damage
      asymmetry did not reflect interocular pressure-difference and for the occurrence
      of injury at such low levels of pressure in the first place. Although benefit may
      be expected from therapeutic lowering of pressure in this condition, the degree
      of benefit, as well as the side effects from treatment required for successful
      lowering of pressure, remains to be documented by a future clinical trial.

PMID- 3390052
TI  - The configuration of peripapillary tissue in unilateral glaucoma.
AB  - We compared the peripapillary scleral and choroidal halos and crescents in the
      two eyes of 42 patients with unilateral glaucoma. In most cases, the edge of the
      three tissue layers (the retinal pigment epithelium [RPE], the choroid, and the
      sclera) that encircle the optic nerve head of the glaucomatous eye superimposed
      exactly on the mirror images of the edges in the fellow nonglaucomatous eye.
      Although the size of the peripapillary crescent or halo was the same in both
      eyes, it and the scleral rim were often more conspicuous in the eye with
      glaucomatous damage because the tissue edges were seen more easily through the
      reduced thickness of nerve fiber layer tissue. There were nine exceptions. In
      five cases, the peripapillary choroidal crescent (the area of choroid not covered
      by RPE) was larger in the glaucomatous eye. In four eyes, however, the crescent
      was larger in the nonglaucomatous eye, although the magnitude of the asymmetry
      was less in these four cases. Thus, in late stages of optic nerve damage, there
      was some RPE atrophy, but in most cases of glaucoma, the area of bared choroid
      was the inherent anatomic configuration of the optic nerve exit canal.

PMID- 3390053
TI  - Short-term effects of unilateral 1% apraclonidine therapy.
AB  - A prospective, double-masked, randomized study evaluated the effects of
      unilateral therapy with topical 1% apraclonidine hydrochloride (aplonidine
      hydrochloride or ALO 2145) in 20 normal volunteers. No medications were applied
      to either eye during the control day. Following baseline measurements on the day
      of treatment, one drop of topical 1% apraclonidine hydrochloride was placed on
      one eye and a placebo (vehicle) was placed on the fellow eye. Intraocular
      pressure (IOP) measurements, pupil size, blood pressure, and pulse rate were
      assessed on both days at the baseline and 1, 3, 5, and 7 hours later. The 1%
      apraclonidine hydrochloride lowered the mean IOP (+/- SD) a maximum of 6.5 +/-
      4.3 mm Hg (37.3% +/- 20.4%) from the baseline on the day of treatment. A
      statistically significant 2.7 +/- 3.4-mm Hg (14.9% +/- 19.0%) mean IOP decrease
      from the baseline was noted in the contralateral placebo-treated eye. No
      significant changes in the coefficient of outflow, blood pressure, or heart rate
      were noted. Eyelid retraction, conjunctival blanching, and mydriasis were
      frequently noted in eyes treated with 1% apraclonidine hydrochloride.

PMID- 3390054
TI  - Reevaluation of corneal complications after closed vitrectomy.
AB  - Corneal complications after closed vitrectomy were analyzed in patients treated
      by the same surgeon from January 1980 through December 1986. Of 428 eyes (400
      patients), 64 (15%) had corneal complications, 58 (13.6%) had epithelial defects,
      and 12 (2.8%) had corneal edema. Among 206 diabetic eyes, 41 (19.9%) had corneal
      complications. Of 222 nondiabetic eyes, only 23 (10.4%) showed complications.
      Multiple regression analysis of possible contributing factors was performed.
      Diabetes, intraoperative lensectomy, and history of vitreous surgery were related
      significantly to the occurrence of all corneal complications combined. Our series
      showed a significantly decreased complication rate when compared with a previous
      study. Improved preoperative surgical preparation and intraoperative technique to
      minimize corneal trauma may have accounted for the decrease.

PMID- 3390055
TI  - Positive correlation of corneal thickness and endothelial cell loss. Serial
      measurements after cataract surgery.
AB  - A significant linear correlation was found between increase in corneal thickness
      (delta CT) in the immediate postoperative period and percentage of cell loss one
      and six months after surgery in a prospective study on cataract surgery. Eyes
      were grouped according to delta CT, and the groups were compared according to the
      percentage of cell loss. Eyes with delta CT of 0.1 mm or more at five days lost
      significantly more cells at one and six months than eyes with delta CT of less
      than 0.025 mm. Eyes were then regrouped according to the percentage of cell loss.
      Those with cell loss of 30% or more were found to have significantly greater
      delta CT at 48 hours and five days than eyes with cell loss of less than 30%. The
      derived probability of cell loss of 30% or more increases the greater the value
      of delta CT. For delta CT of 100 micron or more at five days, the probability of
      high cell loss is 30%; this is nearly three times the likelihood that high cell
      loss had occurred when delta CT is less than 100 micron. Our results suggest that
      delta CT could be a useful clinical indicator of endothelial cell loss.

PMID- 3390056
TI  - The pattern electroretinogram (PERG) in ocular hypertension and glaucoma.
AB  - Studies of normal subjects and of patients with optic nerve disorders suggest
      that one of the components of the pattern electroretinogram (PERG), the second
      negative wave, is related to optic nerve function and appears to be diminished
      even when the condition is relatively mild, with little alteration of visual
      acuity. It is known that significant loss of nerve fibers may occur prior to the
      development of visual field loss. We have investigated the PERGs of a group of
      subjects with early glaucoma and ocular hypertension, comparing them with normal
      subjects, and have found a selective reduction in the second negative wave in
      patients with evidence of optic nerve dysfunction. The PERG may prove helpful in
      discriminating those patients with ocular hypertension who are destined to
      develop visual field loss unless medical or surgical therapy were to be employed.

PMID- 3390058
TI  - Monocular eye closure in intermittent exotropia.
AB  - Monocular eye closure in bright illumination is a common occurrence in
      intermittent exotropia. In a series of patients with intermittent exotropia with
      normal retinal correspondence and stereopsis while the eyes were in the straight
      position, monocular eye closure occurred in 90% of patients with normal retinal
      correspondence while exotropic and in only 35% of patients with abnormal retinal
      correspondence while exotropic. Monocular eye closure occurs in people with
      intermittent exotropia to avoid diplopia and visual confusion even though these
      are not usual complaints. The cortical adaptation of anomalous retinal
      correspondence prevents diplopia and visual confusion and obviates the need to
      close one eye in bright sunlight.

PMID- 3390057
TI  - Visual evoked potentials to multiple temporal frequencies. Use in the
      differential diagnosis of optic neuropathy.
AB  - The usefulness of the visual evoked potential (VEP) in differential diagnosis
      increases when stimulus parameters such as check size and grating orientation are
      varied. In this study we varied the stimulation frequency. Temporal frequency
      specific abnormalities were compared in three patient categories, including
      retrobulbar optic neuritis (eight patients), pseudotumor cerebri (11 patients),
      and thyroid eye disease (seven patients). All patients had minimal clinical
      evidence of optic nerve damage when tested. A 2.3 cycle-per-degree sinusoidal
      grating of 55% contrast was phase reversed at either 1 or 4 Hz. The P1 latency of
      the 1-Hz data and the phase at 8 Hz, the second harmonic of the 4-Hz input
      frequency, were measured. In retrobulbar neuritis, latency (phase) was severely
      abnormal at both temporal frequencies. In thyroid eye disease, VEP phase was
      abnormal at 8 Hz while the P1 latency was normal at 1 Hz. The P1 latency and
      phase were normal in most cases of pseudotumor cerebri. The results suggest
      differing mechanisms for damage in compressive vs primary demyelinating
      neuropathies.

PMID- 3390059
TI  - Infrared oculography of Duane's retraction syndrome (type 1).
AB  - Eye movements of two patients with Duane's retraction syndrome (type 1) were
      recorded using high-resolution infrared oculography. Slowed hypometric abduction
      was found. The dynamics of adducting saccades in the affected hypometric eye were
      normal, suggesting an absence of functional cocontraction of the medial and
      lateral rectus muscles. Therefore, narrowing of the palpebral tissue on adduction
      most likely reflects a reorganization of the central ocular motor pathways.

PMID- 3390060
TI  - Subperiosteal inflammation of the orbit. A bacteriological analysis of 17 cases.
AB  - Seventeen cases of subperiosteal inflammation of the orbit secondary to sinusitis
      were analyzed from a bacteriological perspective. The recovered pathogens ranged
      from single aerobes to mixed aerobes and anaerobes. The bacteriology was not
      related to the duration of symptoms of sinusitis. Three cases with the diagnostic
      criteria for subperiosteal inflammation resolved with antibiotics alone. The most
      refractory infections had the most complex bacterial constituencies and persisted
      despite in vitro antibiotic susceptibility of individual organisms. In these
      cases, local physical conditions may be drastically altered in favor of the
      bacteria. Ventilation of the subperiosteal space and sinuses by surgical drainage
      can help to normalize the milieu in favor of the host.

PMID- 3390061
TI  - Hemoglobin spherulosis in the vitreous cavity.
AB  - A 50-year-old woman was evaluated for a subretinal hemorrhage that extended into
      the vitreous of the right eye. Examination showed multiple refractile brown
      spherules in the vitreous. A vitrectomy was performed, and pathologic examination
      of the spherules showed them to be composed of free hemoglobin. Free-hemoglobin
      spherulosis in the vitreous, like cholesterosis bulbi, is a manifestation of
      vitreous hemorrhage.

PMID- 3390062
TI  - Serum is chemotactic for retinal-derived glial cells.
AB  - Retinal glial cells participate in nearly all proliferative retinopathies. Little
      is known about factors that can stimulate these cells to migrate from the retina
      and proliferate. We cultured retinal glial cells from immature rats and observed
      the migratory and proliferative responses to serum (0% to 10%) and two of its
      components, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) (0 to 30 ng/mL) and fibronectin
      (0 to 20 mg/L). We found that 1% serum causes a fivefold increase in migration of
      the retinal glia and a 170% increase in proliferation over baseline. Fibronectin
      caused a threefold increase in migration at 30 mg/L, and PDGF caused a fourfold
      increase at 20 ng/mL, but only PDGF caused an increase in proliferation (300% at
      10 ng/mL).

PMID- 3390063
TI  - Ocular siderosis.

PMID- 3390064
TI  - Surgical excision of the attached posterior hyaloid.
AB  - When vitrectomy is performed in eyes without posterior vitreous detachment,
      complete removal of the posterior hyaloid may be important to relieve existing
      vitreoretinal traction or to remove a surface for subsequent cellular
      proliferation. We used two alternative techniques of detaching the posterior
      hyaloid in an unselected consecutive series of ten patients; we used either a
      tapered extrusion needle or a microvitreoretinal blade to initiate separation of
      the posterior hyaloid at the optic disc margin. After surgical peeling of the
      posterior hyaloid from the retina, complete removal of the posterior vitreous and
      surgical relief of posterior vitreoretinal traction were facilitated.

PMID- 3390065
TI  - A scanning electron microscope study of preserved allograft tympanic membranes: a
      comparison with autogenous grafts, xenografts and the normal eardrum.
AB  - Scanning electron microscopy was used to investigate the surface architecture of
      the human tympanic membrane. The morphology of the eardrum was compared with the
      surface structures of preserved tympanic membranes (allografts), fresh air-dried
      temporalis fascia and preserved calf jugular veins (xenografts). The role of the
      physical structure and the composition of the extracellular matrix in the
      regeneration of a tympanic graft is discussed.

PMID- 3390066
TI  - Pharyngeal ciliary activity in guinea pigs with otitis media.
AB  - The function of cilia present in the tubotympanum plays an important role in the
      pathogenesis and chronicity of otitis media with effusion (OME). We used a
      photoelectric method to examine the ciliary activity in the eustachian tube, in
      the central pharynx, as well as the nasal cavity of normal animals and animals
      with otitis media. In normal animals, the ciliary activity in the nasal cavity
      was not different from that in the eustachian tube. In some animals with otitis
      media, however, there was a significant difference between the ciliary activity
      in the nasal cavity and that in the eustachian tube. On the other hand, no
      significant differences were recognized in any given group of animals examined
      between the level of the ciliary activity in the central pharynx and that in the
      eustachian tube. Our findings show that the function of the cilia present in the
      pharynx is a valid index of that in the eustachian tube. Our study further
      indicates that it may be possible to clinically assess the ciliary activity in
      the pharyngeal mucosa biopsied from patients with OME to determine objectively
      the effects of medical treatments of the disease.

PMID- 3390067
TI  - Wound healing in the nose and paranasal sinuses after irradiation with the argon
      laser. An experimental study in animals.
AB  - The wound healing of the mucous membrane of the nose was investigated in rabbits
      after irradiation with the argon laser. Immediately after application of the
      laser, a typical lesion showed a zonal appearance. Wound healing began after a
      delay of 6 days with the formation of granulation tissue. Re-epithelialization
      began from the margins of the wound and was characterized initially by
      metaplastic epithelium or squamous epithelium that was subsequently replaced by
      respiratory epithelium. In the subepithelial tissue plane, particularly following
      irradiation of the concha, a wider layer of connective tissue developed. The
      hyaline cartilage of the septum became necrotic over a large area which extended
      beyond the irradiated area, while the bone of the concha and the wall of the
      maxillary sinus was destroyed only at the site of the direct laser treatment.

PMID- 3390068
TI  - The relationship between antigen levels and middle ear inflammation in antigen
      induced otitis media in the chinchilla.
AB  - The relationship between antigen levels in middle ear effusions (MEE) and the
      degree of middle ear inflammation was studied in an antigen-induced otitis media
      model, using chinchillas sensitized with human serum albumin (HSA). The degree of
      middle ear inflammation was evaluated by both tympanometric analysis, and
      cytological and biochemical analyses of the MEE. Middle ear inflammation develops
      after HSA challenge with a remarkable decrease in HSA levels in the MEE. This
      inflammation persists even when HSA levels are no longer detectable in the MEE.
      These findings show that local challenges with an antigen induce a certain degree
      of middle ear inflammation, which continues even after complete elimination of
      the antigen from the middle ear through an immunological defense mechanism.

PMID- 3390069
TI  - Cytoplasmic steroid receptors in cancer of the larynx.
AB  - There are many data that suggest that the larynx is a target organ for steroid
      hormones, especially androgens. Since laryngeal cancers occur much more often in
      males, it is conceivable that androgens might be the growth-stimulating factor
      for such tumors. In order to test this concept further, neoplastic tissues from
      68 patients (64 males, 4 females) were obtained during planned total
      laryngectomies and were tested for the presence of androgen (AR) and estrogen
      (ER) receptors. In 18 cases progesterone receptors (PgR) were also quantified.
      The dextran-coated charcoal technique was used to determine hormone receptors and
      the number of the binding sites and the equilibrium constant of dissociation were
      calculated according to Scatchard. 3H-R1881 was used as the ligand for the
      measurement of AR, 3H-estradiol for ER, and 3H-R5020 for PgR. AR was present in
      11 tumor specimens (1 female, 10 males) and the concentration varied from 2.8 to
      17.1 fmol/mg proteins. ER were found in 6 tumors (1 female, 5 males) in
      concentrations of 2.9-11.2 fmol/mg proteins. Three tumor specimens contained both
      AR and ER. All tumors analyzed lacked PgR. These results suggest that at least
      some laryngeal carcinomas might be hormone dependent, indicating that certain
      patients could benefit from antiandrogen therapy.

PMID- 3390070
TI  - A correlative study of evoked otoacoustic emission properties and audiometric
      thresholds.
AB  - Correlations were made between the detection thresholds of evoked otoacoustic
      emissions (EOAEs), subjective click thresholds, and mean audiometric thresholds
      in 240 normal and hearing-impaired ears. EOAEs have never been observed when
      subjective click thresholds or mean audiometric thresholds were equal to or
      greater than 35 dB HL. EOAEs were always found when click thresholds were equal
      to or lower than 15 dB HL and when mean audiometric thresholds were equal to or
      lower than 22 dB HL. The incidence of EOAEs decreased and EOAE thresholds
      increased with increasing click or mean audiometric thresholds.

PMID- 3390071
TI  - The prevalence of handicapping hearing loss in a middle-aged population in
      Finland.
AB  - Screening audiometry was performed during the years 1973-1978 in a total of
      11,744 subjects aged 35-50 years. The incidence of those persons having a mean
      hearing threshold of 30 dB or more at 0.5-2 kHz or of 50 dB or more at 2 kHz
      varied from 0.3% to 2.7% in males of different age subgroups. The results for
      females were about two-thirds of those for males. Overall, 1.5% of the Finnish
      population aged 35-54 years were found to be candidates for hearing
      rehabilitation.

PMID- 3390072
TI  - Evolution of recruitment at different frequencies during the development of
      endolymphatic hydrops in the guinea pig.
AB  - The study of human temporal bones has identified endolymphatic hydrops as a
      common feature of several diseases. In particular it is systematically found in
      those bones removed from patients with premortem Meniere's disease. Meniere's
      disease is known to induce sensorineural pathology with recruitment, which
      changes with the evolution of the hearing loss, and is suspected to induce a
      cochlear conductive loss by a possible increase in static pressure of endolymph.
      Amplitude/intensity functions of sensorineural responses can reflect recruitment
      and/or conduction loss. Experimentally induced hydrops in animals provokes
      cochlear physiological alterations, some of which closely resemble certain
      features of Meniere's disease. In the present study using a guinea-pig animal
      model, we have examined amplitude/intensity functions at the round window for
      cochlear microphonics (RWCM), summating potentials (RWSP) and action potentials
      (CAP) at different stages of hearing loss in experimentally induced hydrops.
      During the period of fluctuating thresholds there was reduction of maximal RWCM
      amplitude, no change in RWSP and recruitment on the CAP. At a later stage when
      the audiogram was flat and fluctuations were no longer seen, RWCM remained
      unchanged. At this time RWSP could show recruitment while CAP amplitudes at all
      intensities were reduced, indicating either a cochlear conductive loss and/or a
      general depression of neural activity.

PMID- 3390074
TI  - Electroglottogram waveform types.
AB  - Electroglottography is a useful, non-invasive technique that can assist in the
      assessment of vocal fold dysfunction. However, if it is to become a useful
      clinical tool, there is a need for normative studies of the electroglottogram
      waveform types that characterize trained professional voice users, untrained non
      professional speakers and patients with voice disorders and for a way of
      quantifying and objectively comparing similarities and differences. This report
      describes our methodology and an investigation into the waveform types
      characterizing one trained professional voice user phonating in 15 experimental
      sessions under various fundamental frequency, intensity and voice quality
      conditions. A number of strong tendencies were noted. In normal voice the lower
      frequencies and intensities represent one pole of a scale of a mode of phonation,
      while the higher frequencies and intensities depict the other pole. In these
      studies breathy voice data overlapped the lower end of the scale and tense voice
      data overlapped the upper end.

PMID- 3390073
TI  - The motor innervation of the tympanic muscles in the guinea pig.
AB  - The number and the location of the motor neurons innervating the stapedius or
      tensor tympani muscles in the guinea pig were identified by retrograde axonal
      transport of the tracer horseradish peroxidase. Tracer injections were made
      either into the stapedius or tensor tympani muscle and effected the retrograde
      labeling of neurons in the ipsilateral brain stem. These findings showed that the
      stapedius motor neurons lie outside the traditionally recognized facial nucleus
      and are present in two cell columns: ventromedial and dorsomedial to the facial
      nucleus. These labeled neurons are dissimilar to cells within the facial nucleus,
      i.e. they are smaller and more fusiform in shape. The tensor tympani motor
      neurons were found outside the trigeminal motor nucleus. At a rostral level they
      were located in a region ventral and ventrolateral to the latter nucleus. These
      labeled neurons were smaller than the trigeminal motor neurons and polygonal in
      shape. In the animals studied there were about six times more tensor tympani
      motor neurons than stapedius motor neurons.

PMID- 3390075
TI  - Diseases of the intrapetrous carotid artery.
AB  - In the early years of skull base surgery, total tumor removal was often deemed
      impossible due to involvement of the intrapetrous carotid artery. In contrast,
      previously considered unresectable lesions may be removed totally in selected
      cases, with reasonable expectation of successful treatment at the present time.
      Current techniques and operative exposures, when modified to accommodate the
      problem of intracranial extensions of tumor and when approached with
      neurosurgical collaboration, permit the removal of many of these difficult
      tumors. This retrospective study of 33 patients treated over the past 5 years
      offers a critical analysis of our treatment, and a categorization of
      abnormalities known to affect this anatomic region containing the vessel.

PMID- 3390076
TI  - Mast cell pharyngitis as a cause of supraglottic edema.
AB  - A 30-year-old nonatopic woman had experienced a 9-year history of persistent
      symptoms of supraglottic edema. She had previously undergone epiglottectomy and
      excision of redundant left arytenoid tissue to improve her breathing and
      dysphagia. Uvular tissue was removed surgically at our clinic for
      histopathological examination of the excised tissues. This revealed diffuse
      infiltration by mast cells, many of which appeared degranulated. Uvular tissue
      from control patients undergoing uvulopalatopharyngoplasty for obstructive sleep
      apnea contained significantly fewer mast cells per high power field. To our
      knowledge such a degree of mast cell infiltration into supraglottic tissues has
      not been reported previously or associated with clinical symptoms.

PMID- 3390077
TI  - Evaluation of decisions regarding candidates for cochlear implants.
AB  - Stepwise regression analysis was used to evaluate measures predictive of the
      selection of candidates for cochlear implants. Results of a comprehensive
      selection protocol were compiled for a group of 31 profoundly hearing-impaired
      adults undergoing intensive pre-selection evaluation. Data included: unaided
      audiologic; aided audiologic; vestibular; otologic; medical; radiologic;
      voice/speech; speechreading; psychoacoustic; and electrophysiologic parameters.
      The results of the Cochlear Implant Team's decisions concerning selections of
      patients for implants were compared with the predictive outcome of regression
      analysis. Ramifications for the construction of cochlear implant evaluation
      protocols are discussed.

PMID- 3390079
TI  - Autonomic dysreflexia/hyperreflexia in spinal cord injury.

PMID- 3390080
TI  - You and your Kock pouch.

PMID- 3390078
TI  - Correlations between cis-platinum dosage and toxicity in a guinea pig model.
AB  - A guinea pig model was used to study correlations between cis-platinum dosage and
      level of hearing loss, hair cell loss in the cochlea. Other parameters measured
      included weight loss and serum urea, creatinine, and cis-platinum levels. The
      damage to the inner ear expressed as hearing loss and hair cell loss demonstrated
      a highly positive correlation with the dosage of cis-platinum, and only a
      moderately positive correlation with the cis-platinum serum levels. Weight loss
      correlated well with hearing loss.

PMID- 3390081
TI  - Nursing management of the child with vesicoureteral reflux.

PMID- 3390082
TI  - Adult polycystic kidney disease.

PMID- 3390083
TI  - The impact of attitudes in care of the aged.

PMID- 3390084
TI  - Ethics in nursing: implications for education and practice.

PMID- 3390086
TI  - The Gastroenterological Society of Australia: annual scientific meeting. Alice
      Springs, 4-5 October 1987. Abstracts.

PMID- 3390085
TI  - Nurse and the law. Horns of an old dilemma.

PMID- 3390087
TI  - The Australian Geriatrics Society: annual scientific meeting. Broadbeach,
      Queensland, 5 May, 1987. Abstracts.

PMID- 3390088
TI  - Inherited progressive spinal myelinopathy in Murray Grey cattle.
AB  - In a breeding experiment conducted to determine the mode of inheritance of
      progressive spinal myelinopathy, semen from a Murray Grey bull which had
      previously sired affected calves was used to inseminate 120 cows. Female progeny
      were then inseminated with semen from the same bull. Of the 51 calves born, six
      (11.8%) had spinal cord lesions consistent with progressive spinal myelinopathy.
      From analysis of pedigrees and the results of the breeding experiment it was
      concluded that the condition was inherited as an autosomal recessive condition in
      Murray Grey cattle.

PMID- 3390089
TI  - The effects of caseous lymphadenitis on wool production and bodyweight in young
      sheep.
AB  - Two hundred Merino wether hoggets were used to examine the effect of
      Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection (caseous lymphadenitis) on wool
      production and bodyweight. Sheep which were challenged with C. pseudotuberculosis
      (artificially infected) and not vaccinated against this disease produced 0.20 kg
      less clean wool than unchallenged controls during the following 12 months. The
      incidence of sheep with lesions in the group that was vaccinated prior to
      challenge was 55% lower than in unvaccinated challenged sheep but their wool
      production was not significantly different from either the controls or the
      unvaccinated challenged sheep. Vaccinated sheep were also heavier than
      unvaccinated sheep 12 months after challenge. These results indicate that caseous
      lymphadenitis infection may reduce wool production.

PMID- 3390091
TI  - Congenital hydranencephaly and arthrogryposis of Corriedale sheep.
AB  - A syndrome of congenital malformations in Corriedale sheep characterised by
      brachygnathia inferior, campylognathia, tetraemlic arthrogryposis,
      kyphoscoliosis, hydranencephaly and hypoplasia of the brain stem, cerebellum and
      spinal cord occurring in various combinations is described. Histologically there
      was generalised hypomyelinogenesis and hypoplasia of the central nervous system
      with neurogenic atrophy of skeletal muscle. The syndrome resembled that caused by
      congenital infection with Akabane virus, however, serological, pathological and
      epidemiological data indicated that Akabane virus was not involved. The results
      of a breeding trial suggested that the disorder may be transmitted with an
      autosomal recessive mode of inheritance.

PMID- 3390090
TI  - Identification of toxigenic Pasteurella multocida in atrophic rhinitis of pigs by
      in vitro characterisation.
AB  - Toxigenic strains of Pasteurella multocida were readily differentiated from non
      toxigenic strains by an agarose overlay method using bovine turbinate cells or
      bovine lung cells. Cells which were young and densely confluent were best suited
      to this assay. The incubation period required to distinguish toxigenic strains
      was dependent on the confluence of the monolayers, which was affected by the
      seeding rate, cell passage level and growth time prior to overlay. The agarose
      overlay method correctly identified 11 of 11 reference strains of Pasteurella
      multocida, and visible cytotoxic changes were present in the monolayers after 48
      to 65 h. Outbreaks of the enzootic form of atrophic rhinitis in 2 New South Wales
      piggeries were associated with the isolation of toxigenic type D strains of P.
      multocida.

PMID- 3390092
TI  - Smartweeds (Polygonum spp) and photosensitisation of cattle.

PMID- 3390094
TI  - Surgery may not be preferable to rubber rings for tail docking and castration of
      lambs.

PMID- 3390093
TI  - Chronic skin reaction to a combined feline rhinotracheitis virus (herpesvirus)
      and calicivirus vaccine.

PMID- 3390095
TI  - A survey of the occurrence of motion sickness amongst passengers at sea.
AB  - A questionnaire survey of motion sickness occurrence on board passenger ferries
      has been conducted. Data were collected from 20,029 passengers on 114 voyages on
      9 vessels: 6 ships, 2 hovercraft, and 1 jetfoil. Information was obtained about
      feelings of illness, the occurrence of vomiting, the taking of anti-seasickness
      tablets, the consumption of alcoholic drinks, regularity of travel by sea, age,
      and sex. Overall, 7% of passengers reported vomiting at some time during the
      journey, 21% said they felt "slightly unwell," 4% felt "quite ill," and a further
      4% felt "absolutely dreadful." Both vomiting incidence and illness rating were
      greater in females than in males, and there was a slight decrease in sickness
      occurrence with increasing age. The incidence of vomiting was related to the
      taking of tablets and the drinking of alcohol; there were also some interaction
      effects with other variables. Anecdotal information from passengers is reported
      and consideration is given to the effects of environmental variables.

PMID- 3390096
TI  - Effects of scopolamine and dextroamphetamine on human performance.
AB  - The effects of two drugs used to prevent symptoms of motion sickness in the
      operational environment were examined in this study of human performance as
      measured by computer-based tests of cognitive and psychomotor skills. Each
      subject was exposed repetitively to five tests: Symbol-Digit Substitution, Simple
      Reaction Time, Pattern Recognition, Digit Span Memory, and Pattern Memory.
      Although there have been previous reports of decreases in human performance in
      similar testing with higher dosages of scopolamine or dextroamphetamine, no
      significant decrements were observed with the operational-level combined dose
      used in this study (0.4 mg oral scopolamine and 5.0 mg oral dextroamphetamine.)
      The controversy over the use of combination drug therapy in this environment is
      discussed along with the indications for further research based on the findings.

PMID- 3390097
TI  - Military flight experience and sympatho-adrenal activity.
AB  - Urine excretion levels of adrenaline (A) and noradrenaline (NA) were determined,
      and achievement, commitment to the task, difficulty, risk, activation, and
      tension were rated after the preparation or planning and after the performance of
      245 missions by 21 attack pilots. The catecholamine excretion levels increased
      and the ratio NA/A decreased as a function of condition (lesson, preparation, and
      mission). From a confirmatory factor analysis it was found that the catecholamine
      reactivity during preparation (values corrected for basal activity) was affected
      by the perceived challenge potential of the mission. The reference A activity
      covaried with the total A reactivity during the missions, i.e., the higher the
      basal excretion levels the higher the reactions to the missions. A positive
      relationship was found between former flight experience (hours) and mean activity
      of A. The rate of increase of A was potentiated by nicotine. Potential
      explanations of the increase of A are discussed.

PMID- 3390098
TI  - Prediction of the metabolic cost of exercise from measurements during recovery.
AB  - This study was designed to determine if post exercise recovery measurements could
      be used to predict oxygen uptake (VO2), minute ventilation (VE) and heart rates
      (HR) during exercise. VO2, VE and HR were measured in 11 healthy males during the
      last minute of treadmill running and during standing recovery. Since it is often
      impractical to collect data during the first 15 s of recovery in the field, the
      equations which best predicted the observed last-minute exercise values were
      obtained from enhanced linear least squares regressions of data collected between
      15 and 60 s after cessation of exercise. In a separate validation experiment the
      mean (S.E.) difference between predicted and observed values for VO2, VE, and HR
      were 0.08 (0.06) L.min-1, 1.0 (5.1) L.min-1, and 2.2 (1.4) beats.min-1,
      respectively. We conclude that the equations described in this study may be used
      to estimate the metabolic cost of exercise in situations where it is impossible
      to make direct measurements.

PMID- 3390099
TI  - The Valsalva maneuver as an indirect, non-invasive indicator of central blood
      volume shift.
AB  - Our objective was to determine whether the Valsalva maneuver may be used as an
      indicator of fluid shift during spaceflights. The subjects, 21 healthy young men,
      conducted the maneuver against expiratory pressures of 20, 30, and 40 mm Hg, each
      lasting 30 s, at body positions of vertical, horizontal, and 6 degrees head down
      tilt (HDT). Heart rate was continuously recorded on a beat by beat basis together
      with the expiratory pressure. The increase in heart rate at equal intrathoracic
      pressures was maximal in the vertical position, significantly lower (p less than
      0.001) in the horizontal position and lowest (p less than 0.05) in the 6 degrees
      HDT position. Obviously, the blood volume shift in the horizontal and 6 degrees
      HDT position partly compensated the impaired venous return during the Valsalva
      maneuver. This simple and non-invasive technique might be used to indicate the
      time course of blood volume shift during the initial stage of an orbital flight.

PMID- 3390100
TI  - Adult children of alcoholics--a treatable entity: an aviation case report.
AB  - This is a case report of a male naval aviator, raised in an alcoholic
      environment, and the impact of that environment on his development and adult
      functioning. A review of the adult children of alcoholics syndrome is presented
      to help familiarize the reader with this evolving entity and its probable impact
      on aviation personnel. In the United States, current estimates indicate that
      parental alcoholism affects 27 million children. Only about 5% of these children
      are receiving any evaluation, supportive care, or treatment. This case of a naval
      aviator affected by this syndrome illustrates the need for its recognition and
      potential for treatment and modification of maladaptive behavior. As a treatment
      entity, recognition of the adult children of alcoholics syndrome will hopefully
      have a positive effect upon aviation safety and will help save a valuable
      national asset, our trained aviation personnel.

PMID- 3390101
TI  - Sleep and circadian rhythms of an airline pilot operating on the polar route: a
      case study.
AB  - This study was planned and performed as a first step to assess sleep behaviour
      and circadian rhythmicity in aircrews operating on regular passenger flights
      between Germany and Japan via Anchorage, AK. Sleep patterns as well as continuous
      recordings of ECG and temperature were obtained from a B747 captain during a
      period of 13 d, including a preceding control day, 8 d on duty and 4 d at home
      base after return. Sleep behaviour and circadian rhythms changed dramatically due
      to adverse effects from the duty roster on the polar route. Sleep periods became
      fragmented into several sleep periods per day in a very irregular manner. Total
      sleep duration was shortened and sleep deficits occurred between flights. After
      return to the home base, sleep distribution remained divided into two intervals
      per day. The circadian system was considerably disrupted on route. Effects
      associated with irregular duty and sleep patterns intensified desynchronization.
      Readjustment was extremely slow resulting in a phase-displacement of at least 10
      h even after being home for 4 d. Altogether, the results give reason for serious
      concerns and for the conclusion to strongly recommend more extensive studies on
      this route.

PMID- 3390102
TI  - Comparison of aerobic fitness and space motion sickness during the shuttle
      program.
AB  - Space motion sickness (SMS) is an important problem for short duration space
      flight and 71% of STS crewmembers develop symptoms. The search for effective
      countermeasures and factors that correlate with sensitivity has been extensive.
      Recently, several investigators have linked aerobic fitness with motion sickness
      sensitivity in the 1-G or high-G environment. This paper compares the aerobic
      fitness of 125 Shuttle crewmembers with their SMS symptom category. Aerobic
      fitness data were obtained from the exercise tolerance test (ETT) conducted
      nearest the time of launch. SMS data were derived from the medical debrief
      summaries. Mean VO2max for crewmembers in four SMS categories (none, mild,
      moderate, severe) were 44.55, 44.08, 46.5, and 44.24 ml.kg-1.min-1, respectively.
      Scattergrams with linear regression analysis comparing aerobic fitness and SMS
      symptom classification are also presented. Correlation coefficients comparing SMS
      categories vs. aerobic fitness for men and women reveal no definite relationship
      between the two factors. Due to the subjective nature of the data, further
      studies are suggested to corroborate these findings.

PMID- 3390103
TI  - Psychosocial training for physicians on board the space station.

PMID- 3390104
TI  - Cases from the aerospace medicine residents' teaching file. Case #24. Sick sinus
      syndrome.

PMID- 3390105
TI  - Bulimia.

PMID- 3390106
TI  - 1988 abstracts, scientific papers and posters. Annual scientific meeting. May 8
      12, 1988, New Orleans, LA.

PMID- 3390107
TI  - The psychological health and stress of pilots in a labor dispute.
AB  - This study investigated the psychological stress and psychiatric symptomatology
      in a representative sample of pilots involved in a labor dispute with management.
      Standardized epidemiological psychometric instruments revealed that one quarter
      of the pilots could be labelled "psychologically at risk" showing elevated
      symptoms of anger-hostility, paranoia, and obsessive-compulsiveness. A certain
      combination of personality scores with stress reactions was found to correctly
      classify pilots who were healthy vs. "at risk" with 92% accuracy. Interviews with
      pilots revealed both general causes of stress associated with a labor dispute as
      well as specific and unique sources of disturbances threatening safety in the
      air.

PMID- 3390108
TI  - Crew workload in JASDF C-1 transport flights: I. Change in heart rate and
      salivary cortisol.
AB  - The physiological responses of heart rate and salivary cortisol for six paired
      captains and co-pilots during JASDF scheduled transport flights were compared to
      assess crew workload. The relative change of both responses showed similar
      patterns and were influenced significantly by whether pilots were controlling the
      aircraft. Moreover, differences in flying experience and responsibility of
      captains and co-pilots influenced the two physiological responses; heart rate and
      salivary cortisol measures increased more for both captains and co-pilots while
      they were in control of the aircraft than when they were not. Compared to
      captains, co-pilots showed much higher activation and variability in relative
      change of heart rate and salivary cortisol between periods of controlling and non
      controlling the aircraft. On the other hand, captains showed relatively constant
      responses comparing aircraft controlling and non-controlling periods, especially
      in the cruise phase of flight. Salivary cortisol may be a useful, non-invasive
      method of assess crew workload.

PMID- 3390110
TI  - Mood states at 1600 and 4300 meters terrestrial altitude.
AB  - Personal anecdotes suggest that ascent to high altitude can cause mood changes
      such as depression, apathy, and drowsiness. Observed behaviors at high altitude
      indicate that people can become more euphoric, irritable, or argumentative. Since
      there are few systematic and quantitative studies assessing the effects of
      altitude on mood, this study compared moods measured at two different altitudes
      and times of day (morning-evening) using a standardized scale. Self-rated moods
      were determined twice daily in 19 males and 16 females with the Clyde Mood Scale.
      Baseline values were determined at 200 m; moods were then assessed at 4300 m with
      one group and at 1600 m with a second group. Friendliness, clear thinking,
      dizziness, sleepiness, and unhappiness were affected at 4300 m but only
      sleepiness changed at 1600 m. At 4300 m, the altered moods differed from baseline
      on the day of arrival (1-4 hours), differed even more after one day (18-28
      hours), and returned to baseline by day 2 (42-52 hours). Morning and evening
      values were similar at each altitude. Therefore, changes in mood states at
      altitude have a distinct and measurable time course.

PMID- 3390109
TI  - Recovery from Gz-induced loss of consciousness: psychophysiologic considerations.
AB  - Eight healthy male volunteer members of the USAFSAM acceleration panel were
      exposed to two consecutive acceleration runs of +1 Gz to +7 Gz at 6 G.s-1 onset
      rates. The subjects were instructed to relax during the acceleration exposure in
      order to voluntarily induce loss of consciousness (LOC). The subjects were asked
      to relate dreams, thoughts, or other mental illusions experienced during G-LOC
      episodes. Most subjects were amused and surprised, as well as interested in,
      relating their experience, although they were embarrassed about the G-LOC episode
      itself. Early post-G-LOC transient paralysis, as well as late LOC myoclonic
      (flailing) movements, were evident. Heart-rate response to the acceleratory
      stress was uneventful; maximum heart rate occurred 3.2 s after the onset of LOC.
      The study of dreams during normal sleep stages has been reviewed by many
      investigators, but this research has not extended to acceleration/hypoxic types
      of unconsciousness where dreams also seem to occur. G-LOC dream-state analysis,
      post-G-LOC paralysis, and their possible repercussions upon performance and
      incapacitation periods should be investigated, not only as curious events, but as
      operationally important and psychophysiologically significant.

PMID- 3390111
TI  - Instrument flight performance under the influence of certain combinations of
      antiemetic drugs.
AB  - Two different combinations of antiemetic drugs were evaluated using a digital
      flight simulator. Drug treatments consisted of a lactose placebo, a combination
      of thiethylperazine (10 mg) and cimetidine (300 mg), and a combination which
      added promethazine (25 mg) to the two-drug combination. The performance effects
      of these combinations were evaluated on both a dual task (instrument flight task
      with the Sternberg Memory Scanning task) and a single task condition (Sternberg
      task only) for 3 h post drug ingestion. Analysis indicated a significant
      treatment effect on three of the six flight performance variables and that the
      three-drug combination, containing promethazine, was primarily responsible for
      the decrease in performance. Implications for operation in a radiation
      environment are that thiethylperazine and cimetidine will not cause significant
      performance decrements, but the addition of promethazine to those two drugs will
      significantly impair performance. The Sternberg task was sensitive to changes in
      workload.

PMID- 3390112
TI  - Effects of atropine and pyridostigmine in heat-stressed patas monkeys.
AB  - The effects of a single intramuscular atropine injection (0.03 mg.kg-1) and a
      chronic oral pyridostigmine treatment (0.4 mg.kg-1, 3 times/day over a period of
      7 d) on the thermoregulatory effector responses of unanesthetized patas monkeys
      were investigated using indirect calorimetry. The effects of atropine treatment
      on the thermoregulatory effector responses of patas monkeys exposed to 25 degrees
      and 35 degrees C were qualitatively similar but quantitatively greater at 35
      degrees C. At 35 degrees C atropine decreased sweating (Esw) 52%, increased
      rectal temperature (Tre), mean skin temperature (Tsk), metabolic rate (MR), and
      whole body conductance (K), and elicited a consistent 11% increase in heart rate
      (HR). Daily oral pyridostigmine treatment to patas monkeys produced a significant
      25-30% drop in serum cholinesterase activity with no chronic effects on
      thermoregulatory or cardiovascular functions. The acute effects of oral
      pyridostigmine treatment in this species included transient 12% and 15% decreases
      in MR and HR, respectively, and a transient 25% increase in Esw. The latter was
      associated with significant acute reductions in Tre and Tsk which lasted at least
      120 min following pyridostigmine administration. It is concluded that the patas
      monkey is an excellent animal model for studies to evaluate the effects of
      neuroactive agents on thermoregulatory and other physiological functions which
      are difficult, if not impossible, to perform on humans.

PMID- 3390113
TI  - Contribution of exercise and shivering to recovery from induced hypothermia (31.2
      degrees C) in one subject.
AB  - The ability of a modestly hypothermic victim to exercise, and indeed shiver, and
      thereby generate sufficient heat to rewarm has been questioned. One fit healthy
      subject was cooled in stirred water (7.7 degrees C) to a core temperature (Tc) of
      32 degrees C. Tc by esophageal probe, cardiac rhythm, blood pressure (BP) and
      oxygen consumption (VO2) were monitored pre-, intra-, and postcooling (exercise).
      The subject rewarmed spontaneously as well as by exercising on a treadmill at
      speeds from 0.7 to 3.5 mph. Amount of Tc afterdrop (AD) was measured and rate of
      Tc increase (RI) and exercise and shivering contributions to heat production were
      calculated. The AD was 0.8 degrees C and the RI was 5.2 degrees C.h-1. VO2 values
      at the onset of hypothermic exercise indicated an approximate 4-fold increase in
      heat production from the normothermic resting value. A small portion of this heat
      production resulted from exercise while the majority was from shivering. Maximal
      heat production occurred at the lowest Tc (31.2 degrees C.). This represented an
      approximate 5-fold increase over the resting normothermic value. Shivering
      continued to provide the majority of the heat. As Tc increased, however, although
      heat production remained relatively constant, the contribution of exercise
      increased and that of shivering decreased. It was possible for this man to do a
      slight exercise at a Tc as low as 31.2 degrees C and the rewarming rate from
      shivering was substantial. Significant heat production is initially primarily by
      shivering thermogenesis, but soon, at a higher Tc, by exercise as well.

PMID- 3390114
TI  - Portable, ambient air microclimate cooling in simulated desert and tropic
      conditions.
AB  - We examined the feasibility of providing ambient air during exercise and
      conditioned (cooled) air during rest on reducing physiological strain and
      optimizing tolerance time. Six male soldiers attempted 250-min exposures in
      hot/dry and hot/wet environments. Subjects wore chemical protective clothing over
      the combat vehicle crewman uniform and an air-cooled vest. They alternated
      between 50 min of treadmill walking (420 W) and 50 min of rest (105 W). During
      the walks, a backpack mounted blower provided a total of 10 or 18 cfm of air to
      the vest and face; while subjects received 18 cfm of conditioned air from an
      umbilical during rest. A control test with conditioned air during rest, but only
      a ventilated facepiece during work was also conducted in the hot/dry environment.
      In the hot/dry environment the ambient air backpack extended (p less than 0.05)
      tolerance time and significantly reduced rectal temperatures, heart rates and
      sweating rates compared to control; no differences were found between 10 and 18
      cfm. In the hot/wet environment, tolerance time was extended compared to a
      predicted tolerance time assuming no microclimate cooling. We conclude that the
      ambient air backpack reduced physiological strain and improved tolerance time of
      combat vehicle crewmen during exercise in the heat.

PMID- 3390115
TI  - Clinical application of tympanometry in aviators.
AB  - Tympanometry is a new procedure in determining the status of the middle ear and
      can be helpful in assessing the function of the eustachian tube. Of 274 male
      aviators examined, 174 were normal, 40 cases had acute aerotitis media, and 60
      cases had chronic aerotitis media. Impedance audiometry and pure tone audiometry
      were carried out by means of an electroacoustic impedance bridge and audiometer,
      respectively. Altitude chamber test was also performed. This study presents the
      results of tympanometry and inflation-deflation test in aviators. The normal
      average static compliance is 0.75 cc. Most normal aviators and patients with
      chronic aerotitis media in remission show a type A tympanogram, whereas type B
      and type C tympanograms are characteristic of acute aerotitis media. It is of
      interest that patients with chronic aerotitis media do not response normally to
      the inflation-deflation tympanometric tests. Tympanometry has been proved to be a
      very useful adjunct in the evaluation of the aerotitis media in aviators.

PMID- 3390116
TI  - Evaluation of hospital-based aeromedical transport programs using therapeutic
      intervention scoring.
AB  - The number of patients transported by hospital-based aeromedical transport
      programs is increasing rapidly across the country. How many of these patients
      really need this kind of transport and how to compare the performance of
      different services in this regard remain controversial issues. We examined these
      questions in a prospective analysis of 1,081 flights in 5 aeromedical transport
      programs using the Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System (TISS) as the basis
      for an index of appropriateness. An average of 41.5% of flights in all programs
      were clearly appropriate according to the index, i.e., had scores associated with
      a 99% probability of validation by direct review. Another 34.9% of flights had a
      greater than 50% probability of being appropriate. From 18 to 28% of flights had
      scores associated with only a 20% probability of justification. Although TISS
      scoring, which is carried out after transfer, cannot provide a means of selecting
      individual patients for aeromedical transfer, a TISS-based index appears to be a
      simple and useful method for examining overall appropriateness of program
      activity, and could be used to set objective standards of appropriateness for
      evaluation and comparison of aeromedical programs.

PMID- 3390117
TI  - Long distance transport of cardiac patients in extremis: the mobile intensive
      care (MOBI) concept.
AB  - Critically ill cardiac patients may require transport to distant centers. Their
      clinical demands often exceed the capabilities of land or air ambulance services.
      To provide this service, a new, safe, and cost-effective concept for transport of
      the critically ill was developed. A mobile intensive care unit system (MOBI) was
      developed with support capabilities of an intra-aortic balloon pump,
      defibrillator, ventilator, pulse oximeter, multiple infusion pumps, and pressure
      and EKG monitoring. Eleven patients in cardiogenic shock, all with multidrip
      inotropic therapy, eight requiring intra-aortic balloon pump, three of whom were
      on the ventilator, were transported. Six patients were transported in aircraft,
      with the longest transport over 2,000 mi. Five patients were transported by
      ground ambulance. All patients survived the transport: no complications were
      attributed to the transport process. The system is cost effective since slight
      modification is required in regular ambulance or chartered aircraft to provide
      the highest level of care.

PMID- 3390118
TI  - Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody total force screening in a clinic
      environment.
AB  - Total force screening in a clinic environment presents many challenges. USAF
      Clinic Ramstein began total force screening for Human Immunodeficiency Virus
      (HIV) in August 1986 with a monthly quota of 456 specimens. This paper describes
      the challenges of instituting this program with existing clinic resources.
      Methods of coping with the accelerated testing cycle (with a new monthly quota of
      2,008) are presented. The experience gained by the staff of an outpatient clinic
      are useful for CONUS medical treatment facilities to minimize duplication of
      effort in planning a total force screening program.

PMID- 3390119
TI  - A human-use centrifuge for space stations: proposed ground-based studies.

PMID- 3390120
TI  - Offspring of pilots of high performance aircraft.

PMID- 3390121
TI  - Studies which concern private and commercial pilots.

PMID- 3390122
TI  - The effects of long-term aerobic conditioning on +Gz tolerance.

PMID- 3390123
TI  - Sickle cell trait and aviation.

PMID- 3390124
TI  - Comparative chemical anatomy of the brain: concepts and methods.
AB  - The study of neuropeptides represents an appropriate playground for comparative
      and evolutionary research. Comparative analysis can give insight into the
      conservative pattern of intercellular transmission molecules, possibly bound both
      to some evolutionary antiquity and to cellular constraints. In the same time it
      can teach us how modulation has occurred at molecular, cellular, multicellular
      levels in order to give the species-specific functional organization. Using some
      examples from vertebrate central neurons system (CNS) immunocytochemical
      analyses, the results so far obtained suggest the rise of a new comparative
      chemical neuroanatomy. The rationale of "what" and "why" we are comparing is,
      however, needed in order to understand constancy, heterogeneity or else trends
      toward complexity in the distribution of neuropeptides.

PMID- 3390125
TI  - The peptidergic innervation of the guinea pig uterine artery in pregnancy.
AB  - The influence of pregnancy on the density and pattern of the peptidergic
      innervation of the guinea pig uterine artery was studied. Whole mount stretch
      preparations of the uterine artery from estrus and late pregnant guinea pigs were
      processed for the immunohistochemical demonstration of neuropeptide Y (NPY)-,
      vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-
      and substance P (SP)- immunoreactive nerve fibres. In late pregnancy the density
      of NPY- and CGRP- containing nerve fibres was remarkably decreased, while that of
      VIP- and SP- immunoreactive nerves showed a moderate reduction. The meaning and
      the possible physiological relevance of the decreased density of peptide
      immunoreactive nerves in the uterine artery in late pregnancy are discussed.

PMID- 3390126
TI  - Extrahypothalamic distribution of vasotocin-immunoreactive fibers and perikarya
      in the avian central nervous system.
AB  - Immunohistochemical analysis of the extrahypothalamic distribution of vasotocin
      like immunoreactive elements within the central nervous system of the domestic
      fowl and Japanese quail, revealed several mesencephalic, pontine and bulbar
      target areas topographically identifiable. Extrahypothalamic immunopositive
      perikarya were observed in diencephalic and mesencephalic locations after
      glutaraldehyde fixation.

PMID- 3390127
TI  - [Use of intra- and postoperative hypothermia of the spinal cord in patients with
      complications caused by spinal traumas].

PMID- 3390129
TI  - [Results of treatment of cartilage damage by Pridie drilling of the knee joint].

PMID- 3390128
TI  - [Apophyseal avulsions of the pelvis].

PMID- 3390131
TI  - [Cachexia syndrome in a donkey mare caused by toxic infectious enteritis. 1.
      Primary symptomatology and pathology].

PMID- 3390130
TI  - [Experience in the use of dorsal contractors in the treatment of spondylitis].

PMID- 3390133
TI  - [Detection of Chlamydia psittaci in the feces of swine].

PMID- 3390132
TI  - [Cachexia syndrome in a donkey mare caused by toxic infectious enteritis. 2.
      Anemia as a secondary symptom complex].

PMID- 3390134
TI  - [Rupture of the trachea in three cats].

PMID- 3390135
TI  - [The significance of mastitis for clinical practice and its place in the
      literature from 1945 to today].

PMID- 3390136
TI  - Dependence of mitochondrial and cytosolic adenine nucleotides on oxygen partial
      pressure in isolated hepatocytes. Application of a new rapid high pressure
      filtration technique for fractionation.
AB  - By using a new rapid high pressure filtration technique, mitochondrial and
      cytosolic ATP and ADP contents were determined in isolated hepatocytes at
      different oxygen partial pressures. At 670 mmHg, subcellular adenine nucleotide
      contents and ATP/ADP ratios were comparable with values obtained with the
      digitonin fractionation technique. However at lower oxygen partial pressure ADP
      appears to be rephosphorylated during digitonin fractionation whereas with high
      pressure filtration fractionation rephosphorylation of ADP is avoided due to
      shorter fractionation times. Cytosolic and mitochondrial ATP/ADP ratios decrease
      if oxygen partial pressure is lowered. However the absolute values of ATP/ADP
      ratios depend critically on the incubation conditions. Thus incubation of
      hepatocytes in an oxystat system, where oxygen partial pressure is maintained
      constant by infusing oxygen-saturated medium and the hepatocyte suspension is
      continuously stirred, yields much higher subcellular and overall ATP/ADP ratios
      than incubation in Erlenmeyer flasks gassed with different gas mixtures and
      shaken in a water bath. This is ascribed to limited diffusion of oxygen from the
      medium into the cell if the suspension is not mixed thoroughly by stirring. The
      strong dependence of subcellular ATP/ADP ratios on incubation conditions
      indicates that oxygen may be one rate-controlling factor for oxidative
      phosphorylation in the intact cell.

PMID- 3390137
TI  - Depletion of plasma-membrane sphingomyelin rapidly alters the distribution of
      cholesterol between plasma membranes and intracellular cholesterol pools in
      cultured fibroblasts.
AB  - This study examines the relationship between cellular sphingomyelin content and
      the distribution of unesterified cholesterol between the plasma-membrane pool and
      the putative intracellular regulatory pool. The sphingomyelin content of cultured
      human skin fibroblasts was reduced by treatment of intact cells with
      extracellularly added neutral sphingomyelinase, and subsequent changes in the
      activities of cholesterol-metabolizing enzymes were determined. Exposure of
      fibroblasts to 0.1 unit of sphingomyelinase/ml for 60 min led to the depletion of
      more than 90% of the cellular sphingomyelin, as determined from total lipid
      extracts. In a time-course study, it was found that within 10 min of the addition
      of sphingomyelinase to cells, a dramatic increase in acyl-CoA:cholesterol
      acyltransferase activity could be observed, whether measured from the appearance
      of plasma membrane-derived [3H]cholesterol or exogenously added [14C]oleic acid,
      in cellular cholesteryl esters. In addition, the cholesteryl ester mass was
      significantly higher in sphingomyelin-depleted fibroblasts at 3 h after exposure
      to sphingomyelinase compared with that in untreated fibroblasts [7.1 +/- 0.4 nmol
      of cholesterol/mg equivalents of esterified cholesterol compared with 4.2 +/- 0.1
      nmol of cholesterol/mg equivalents of cholesteryl ester in control cells (P less
      than 0.05)]. The sphingomyelin-depleted cells also showed a reduction in the rate
      of endogenous synthesis of cholesterol, as measured by incorporation of sodium
      [14C]acetate into [14C]cholesterol. These results are consistent with a rapid
      movement of cholesterol from sphingomyelin-depleted plasma membranes to the
      putative intracellular regulatory pool of cholesterol. This mass movement of
      cholesterol away from the plasma membranes presumably resulted from a decreased
      capacity of the plasma membranes to solubilize cholesterol, since sphingomyelin
      depleted cells also had a decreased capacity to incorporate nanomolar amounts of
      [3H]cholesterol from the extracellular medium, as compared with control cells.
      These findings confirm previous assumptions that the membrane sphingomyelin
      content is an important determinant of the overall distribution of cholesterol
      within intact cells.

PMID- 3390138
TI  - Paradoxical inhibition of rat glutathione transferase 4-4 by indomethacin
      explained by substrate-inhibitor-enzyme complexes in a random-order sequential
      mechanism.
AB  - Under standard assay conditions, with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) as
      electrophilic substrate, rat glutathione transferase 4-4 is strongly inhibited
      (I50 = 1 microM) by indomethacin. No other glutathione transferase investigated
      is significantly inhibited by micromolar concentrations of indomethacin.
      Paradoxically, the strong inhibition of glutathione transferase 4-4 was dependent
      on high (millimolar) concentrations of CDNB; at low concentrations of this
      substrate or with other substrates the effect of indomethacin on the enzyme was
      similar to the moderate inhibition noted for other glutathione transferases. In
      general, the inhibition of glutathione transferases can be explained by a random
      order sequential mechanism, in which indomethacin acts as a competitive inhibitor
      with respect to the electrophilic substrate. In the specific case of glutathione
      transferase 4-4 with CDNB as substrate, indomethacin binds to enzyme-CDNB and
      enzyme-CDNB-GSH complexes with an even greater affinity than to the corresponding
      complexes lacking CDNB. Under presumed physiological conditions with low
      concentrations of electrophilic substrates, indomethacin is not specific for
      glutathione transferase 4-4 and may inhibit all forms of glutathione transferase.

PMID- 3390139
TI  - Heparan sulphate-degrading endoglycosidase in liver plasma membranes.
AB  - An endoglycosidase is described in isolated liver plasma membranes that brings
      about a rapid and selective degradation of membrane-associated heparan sulphate,
      pre-labelled biosynthetically with Na2(35)SO4. The enzyme attacked mainly the
      polysaccharide chains of a hydrophobic membrane proteoglycan and it had little
      effect on a proteoglycan that could be displaced from the membranes with 1.0 M
      NaCl. The highest activity was measured in the pH range 7.5-8.0, and the enzyme
      was almost completely inhibited below pH 5.5. Breakdown of susceptible
      polysaccharide chains was fast, being complete in 20-30 min. The major
      oligosaccharide fraction (Mr approx. 6000) produced by the enzyme was
      considerably smaller than the intact heparan sulphate chains. Enzyme activity was
      retained in membranes solubilized in 1% (v/v) Triton X-100. The high pH optimum
      and plasma-membrane association distinguish this enzyme from other heparan
      sulphate-degrading endoglycosidases that have acid pH optima and may be of
      lysosomal origin. A plasma-membrane endoglycosidase could modulate cellular
      interactions mediated by heparan sulphate, and/or release biologically active
      fragments of the polysaccharide from the cell periphery.

PMID- 3390140
TI  - Long-term atropine treatment lowers the efficacy of carbachol to stimulate
      phosphatidylinositol breakdown in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of rats.
AB  - The effect of long-term treatment with atropine, a muscarinic antagonist, known
      to cause up-regulation of receptor numbers, was examined on the muscarinic
      receptor-mediated stimulation of phosphoinositide breakdown in the rat cerebral
      cortex and hippocampus. Although the numbers of both M1 muscarinic receptors, as
      measured by [3H]pirenzepine binding, and M1 and M2 receptors increased in both
      brain regions, the maximal breakdown of myo-[3H]inositol-labelled
      phosphoinositides was unaltered in the presence of carbachol at a saturating
      concentration (10(-2) M). In fact the efficacy of carbachol was decreased in
      slices from atropine-treated cerebral cortex [EC50 (concentration producing half
      maximal effect) = 93 microM] as compared with the saline-treated control (EC50 =
      23 microM)(P less than 0.005). Similarly the EC50 value (23 microM) in
      hippocampal slices from saline-treated rats increased in atropine-treated rats to
      126 microM (P less than 0.005). This lowered efficacy of muscarinic stimulation
      could not be explained in terms of residual atropine in the tissue from treated
      rats. The noradrenaline- or serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine)-stimulated breakdown
      or the K+ potentiation of the muscarinic-receptor-stimulated breakdown of
      [3H]phosphoinositides was not affected by the atropine treatment. Chromatography
      of the released [3H]inositol phosphates shows that atropine treatment did not
      cause any qualitative change in the pattern of [3H]inositol phosphates released
      by carbachol stimulation.

PMID- 3390141
TI  - A cadmium-binding protein in rat liver identified as ornithine
      carbamoyltransferase.
AB  - A cadmium-binding protein of Mr about 40,000 (40K Cd-BPa) was detected in rat
      liver by Western blotting [Aoki, Kunimoto, Shibata & Suzuki (1986) Anal. Biochem.
      157, 117-122]. It was characterized and identified as ornithine
      carbamoyltransferase (OCTase, EC 2.1.3.3) on the basis of coincidence of their
      physicochemical and enzymological features. The amino acid sequence of the N
      terminal and those of three tryptic digests in 40K Cd-BPa were identical with
      those of OCTase. The Mr values of the denatured and native forms of 40K Cd-BPa
      (39,000 and 110,000 respectively) were the same as those of OCTase. 40K Cd-BPa
      showed, as OCTase activity, a specific activity of 230 mumol/min per mg of
      protein and Km of 0.6 mM for ornithine, this value also being essentially the
      same as that for OCTase. A rabbit antibody against OCTase reacted with 40K Cd
      BPa. The native form of 40K Cd-BPa bound to 0.8 molar equiv, of cadmium, with a
      dissociation constant of 7.6 x 10(-6) M.

PMID- 3390142
TI  - Changes in ornithine decarboxylase and antizyme activities in developing mouse
      brain.
AB  - A macromolecular inhibitor to ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) present in mouse
      brain was identified as ODC antizyme [Fong, Heller & Canellakis (1976) Biochim.
      Biophys. Acta 428, 456-465; Heller, Fong & Canellakis (1976) Proc. Natl. Acad.
      Sci. U.S.A. 73, 1858-1862] on the basis of kinetic properties, Mr and reversal of
      its inhibition by antizyme inhibitor. The brain antizyme, however, did not cross
      react immunochemically with any of seven monoclonal antibodies to rat liver
      antizyme. ODC activity in mouse brain rapidly decreased after birth, in parallel
      with putrescine content, and almost disappeared by 3 weeks of age. Free antizyme
      activity appeared shortly after birth and increased gradually, whereas ODC
      antizyme complex already existed at birth and then gradually decreased. Thus
      total amount of antizyme remained about the same throughout the developmental
      period in mouse brain. In addition to ODC-antizyme complex, inactive ODC protein
      was detected by radioimmunoassay in about the same level as the complex at 3
      weeks of age. Upon cycloheximide treatment, both free ODC activity and ODC
      antizyme complex rapidly disappeared, although free antizyme and the inactive ODC
      protein were both quite stable.

PMID- 3390143
TI  - Laminin biosynthesis in the extracellular matrix-producing cell line PFHR9
      studied with monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies.
AB  - The biosynthesis of the basement-membrane glycoprotein laminin in the mouse
      teratocarcinoma cell line PFHR9 was studied by immunoelectron microscopy and
      pulse-chase experiments using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. By
      immunoelectron microscopy, most of the protein was found to be aggregated on the
      outer cell surface. Cytoplasmic stainings were rare and were located next to the
      intracellular side of the plasma membrane. Sequential immunoprecipitations of
      cell extracts with a monoclonal antibody (4C12) sensitive to the laminin native
      conformation and with a polyclonal antibody enables laminin, the B1 subunit and a
      410 kDa molecule to be distinguished. Most of the laminin is of the A(B1B2) type,
      and the 410 kDa molecule appears to be a B1B2 heterodimer. The assembly of
      laminin from subunits is completed in less than 1 h, and B chains are
      incorporated via the formation of the B heterodimers. The B2 and A chains are not
      found as free forms, so their levels appear to be the rate-limiting factors for
      the assembly of the dimers and laminin respectively. The formation of an uncross
      linked A(B1B2) complex as a short-lived intermediate in the biosynthetic process
      is possible. Together with immunoelectron microscopy, the present study suggests
      that the protein is rapidly exported after assembly to accumulate on the outer
      side of the cell membrane. The biosynthesis of laminin in the PFHR9 cell line
      appears to be similar to that in other matrix-producing cell lines.

PMID- 3390144
TI  - 1H-n.m.r. and c.d. studies of haem orientational disorder in sperm-whale
      myoglobin and human haemoglobin.
AB  - 1H-n.m.r. and c.d. studies on sperm-whale myoglobin show that the c.d. signal in
      the Soret region is inversely and linearly related to the proportion of minor
      isomer present. An alternative method, 'pH jump', is described for inducing
      orientational disorder in sperm-whale myoglobin without recourse to
      reconstitution. 1H-n.m.r. studies on human haemoglobin A indicate little
      heterogeneity in freshly isolated haemoglobin A, but the effect is enhanced in
      freeze-dried Sigma haemoglobin A.

PMID- 3390145
TI  - Isolation and characterization of a minor legumin and its constituent
      polypeptides from Pisum sativum (pea).
AB  - The purification and characterization of a minor legumin species from Pisum
      sativum is described. Electrophoretic data indicate that it corresponds to a
      legumin subunit pair previously designated L1. The beta-polypeptides of the minor
      legumin have a phenylalanine N-terminus. This is the first time that an amino
      acid other than glycine has been reported as the N-terminus of the basic
      polypeptides from legumin-like proteins from any plant species. Sequence analyses
      of the isolated alpha- and beta-polypeptides of the minor legumin show that it
      does not correspond to any of the three legumin gene families that have
      previously been defined on the basis of DNA hybridizations and genetic analyses.

PMID- 3390147
TI  - Reduction of acetaldehyde to ethanol by some micro-organisms and its
      stereospecificity.
AB  - The stereochemical course of the reduction of acetaldehyde to ethanol was
      investigated by evaluating, with the enzymic system yeast alcohol
      dehydrogenase/diaphorase and g.c.-m.s., the configuration of [1-2H]ethanol
      obtained from [1-2H]acetaldehyde with different micro-organisms. Although only S
      [1-2H]ethanol was formed, all the micro-organisms showed evidence of the
      existence of alcohol dehydrogenases with opposite stereospecificity.

PMID- 3390146
TI  - Stoichiometry of electron uptake and oxidation-reduction midpoint potentials of
      NADH:nitrate reductase.
AB  - Microcoulometric titrations of NADH:nitrate reductase at 25 degrees C in Mops
      buffer, pH 7.0, showed that the native enzyme, containing functional FAD, haem
      and Mo, required addition of five electrons for complete reduction. Reduction of
      the native enzyme occurred in three waves corresponding to addition of reducing
      equivalents to the centres in the order: Mo, haem, FAD. Oxidation-reduction
      midpoint potentials (E'0) for the various redox couples were calculated to be as
      follows: MoVI/MoV, +16 mV; MoV/MoIV, -27 mV; haemoxidized/haemreduced, -172 mV;
      FAD/FADH2, -283 mV. The values for the haem and flavin are in excellent agreement
      with those obtained by visible titrations, namely -164 mV and -288 mV
      respectively. In contrast, the results for the Mo centre are 28-50 mV more
      positive than the values previously determined by e.p.r. analysis of frozen
      enzyme samples poised at defined potentials at 25 degrees C and suggest different
      pH-dependencies or entropies of reduction for the Mo couples.

PMID- 3390148
TI  - Haem inhibits iron uptake subsequent to endocytosis of transferrin in
      reticulocytes.
AB  - Haem controls the rate of haem synthesis in erythroid cells by inhibiting iron
      incorporation from transferrin. The present results indicate that haem primarily
      inhibits the release of iron from transferrin subsequent to transferrin
      endocytosis and that the inhibition of transferrin endocytosis caused by
      relatively high concentrations of haem is a secondary effect. Low concentrations
      of haem (10-25 microM) significantly inhibit reticulocyte iron uptake and to a
      greater extent its incorporation into haem, but do not inhibit either the initial
      rate of transferrin uptake or its internalization by the cells.

PMID- 3390150
TI  - Determination of the range in binding-site densities of rat skin heparin chains
      with high binding affinities for antithrombin.
AB  - Rat skin heparin proteoglycans vary markedly in the proportions of their
      constituent polysaccharide chains that have high binding affinity for
      antithrombin. As the proportion of such chains in a proteoglycan rises, their
      degree of affinity for antithrombin also increases [Horner (1987) Biochem. J.
      244, 693-698]. The antithrombin-binding-site densities of such chains have now
      been determined, by measuring heparin-induced enhancement of the intrinsic
      fluorescence of antithrombin and by chemical analysis for the disaccharide
      sequence glucuronosyl-N-sulphoglucosaminyl (3,6-di-O-sulphate), which is unique
      to this site in heparin [Lindahl, Backstrom, Thunberg & Leder (1980) Proc. Natl.
      Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 77, 6551-6555]. Antithrombin-binding-site density ranged from
      one to five sites per chain.

PMID- 3390151
TI  - The computerized derivation of rate equations for enzyme reactions on the basis
      of the pseudo-steady-state assumption and the rapid-equilibrium assumption.
AB  - A computer program is developed for the derivation of the rate equation for
      enzyme reactions on the basis of the pseudo-steady-state assumption and the
      combination of the pseudo-steady-state and the rapid-equilibrium assumptions. The
      program not only has an easy input method, but also can obtain a complete rate
      equation in itself on only one run. The usefulness of the program is demonstrated
      by deriving the rate equations for some typical enzyme reactions. Details of the
      program have been deposited as Supplementary Publication SUP 50141 (42 pages) at
      the British Library Lending Division, Boston Spa, Wetherby, West Yorkshire LS23
      7QB, U.K., from whom copies may be obtained as indicated in Biochem. J. (1988),
      249, 5.

PMID- 3390149
TI  - Studies on the interaction between actin and cofilin purified by a new method.
AB  - Cofilin is a 21,000-Mr actin-binding protein that widely exists in mammalian
      tissues. (1) A new purification procedure for porcine brain cofilin has been
      developed that involves (NH4)2SO4 fractionation and sequential chromatographies
      on Toyo Pearl and butyl-Toyo Pearl hydrophobic columns, hydroxyapatite,
      phosphocellulose and Sephadex G-75 gel-filtration columns. The purified cofilin
      bound to F-actin and increased the amount of G-actin to a limited extent, as
      previously reported [Nishida, Maekawa & Sakai (1984) Biochemistry 23, 5307-5313].
      (2) The binding of cofilin to F-actin was scarcely affected by Mg2+, Ca2+ or by
      calmodulin. However, the binding was diminished by increasing concentrations of
      KCl, but was only slightly affected by temperature. (3) Cofilin and either alpha
      actinin or filamin could bind to F-actin simultaneously with some competition,
      but the binding of caldesmon to F-actin was markedly inhibited by cofilin.
      Phalloidin inhibited the binding of cofilin to F-actin, and protected F-actin
      from depolymerization by cofilin.

PMID- 3390152
TI  - NADH content in type I and type II human muscle fibres after dynamic exercise.
AB  - The effect of dynamic exercise on the NADH content of human type I (slow-twitch)
      and II (fast-twitch) muscle fibres was investigated. Muscle biopsy samples were
      obtained from the quadriceps femoris of seven healthy subjects at rest and after
      bicycle exercise at 40, 75 and 100% of the maximal oxygen uptake [VO2(max.)]. At
      rest and after exercise at 100% VO2(max.), muscle NADH content was significantly
      higher (P less than 0.05) in type I than in type II fibres. After exercise at 40%
      VO2(max.), muscle NADH decreased in type I fibres (P less than 0.01), but was not
      significantly changed in type II fibres. After exercise at 75 and 100% VO2(max.),
      muscle NADH increased above the value at rest in both type I and II fibres (P
      less than 0.05). Muscle lactate was unchanged at 40% VO2(max.), but increased 20-
      and 60-fold after exercise at 75 and 100% VO2(max.) respectively. The finding
      that NADH decreased only in type I fibres at 40% VO2(max.) supports the idea that
      type I is the fibre type predominantly recruited during low-intensity exercise.
      The increase of NADH in both fibre types after exercise at 75% and 100% VO2(max.)
      suggests that the availability of oxygen relative to the demand is decreased in
      both fibre types at high exercise intensities.

PMID- 3390153
TI  - Phosphorylation of phospholipids in isolated guinea pig hearts stimulated with
      isoprenaline.
AB  - Phosphorylation of phospholipids was studied in Langendorff perfused guinea pig
      hearts subjected to beta-adrenergic stimulation. Hearts were perfused with Krebs
      Henseleit buffer containing [32P]Pi and freeze-clamped in a control condition or
      at the peak of the inotropic response to isoprenaline. 32P incorporation into
      total phospholipids, individual phospholipids and polyphosphoinositides was
      analysed in whole tissue homogenates and membranes, enriched in sarcoplasmic
      reticulum, prepared from the same hearts. Isoprenaline stimulation of the hearts
      did not result in any significant changes in the levels of phosphate
      incorporation in the total phospholipid present in cardiac homogenates (11.6 +/-
      0.4 nmol of 32P/g for control hearts and 12.4 +/- 0.5 nmol of 32P/g for
      isoprenaline-treated hearts; n = 6), although there was a significant increase in
      the degree of phospholipid phosphorylation in sarcoplasmic reticulum (3.5 +/- 0.3
      nmol of 32P/mg for control hearts and 6.7 +/- 0.2 nmol of 32P/mg for isoprenaline
      treated hearts; n = 6). Analysis of 32P incorporation into individual
      phospholipids and polyphosphoinositides revealed that isoprenaline stimulation of
      the hearts was associated with a 2-3-fold increase in the degree of
      phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol monophosphate and bisphosphate as well as
      phosphatidic acid in both cardiac homogenates and sarcoplasmic reticulum
      membranes. In addition, there was increased phosphate incorporation into
      phosphatidylinositol in sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes. Thus, perfusion of
      guinea pig hearts with isoprenaline is associated with increased formation of
      polyphosphoinositides and these phospholipids may be involved, at least in part,
      in mediating the effects of beta-adrenergic agents in the mammalian heart.

PMID- 3390154
TI  - Circular dichroism and fluorescence investigations on Vicia faba lectin
      saccharide binding.
AB  - Vicia faba lectin contained 40-57% beta-conformation, 4-23% alpha-conformation
      along with random coil at pH 7.2 depending upon the analytical methods used. The
      percentage of beta-conformation increased with the addition of N-acetyl-D
      glucosamine or methyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside. The structural transitions of V.
      faba lectin were affected by alkali at pH 9.6 and 10.6. Binding constants and
      free energy changes for the interaction between V. faba lectin and N-acetyl-D
      glucosamine and methyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside were estimated at pH 7.2 using the
      c.d. and fluorescence methods.

PMID- 3390155
TI  - A simple rapid purification scheme for hydroxymethylbilane synthase from human
      erythrocytes.
AB  - Hydroxymethylbilane synthase from human erythrocytes was purified 47,000-fold to
      greater than 95% homogeneity and 7.5% yield by a simple and rapid procedure using
      heat treatment (80 degrees C, in the presence of proteinase inhibitors, to
      convert one of two chromatographically separable forms into the other), DEAE
      cellulose and Cibacron Blue F3G-A-Sepharose chromatographies and Sephadex G-75
      gel filtration. The purified enzyme was similar to the enzyme purified from other
      species in showing hyperbolic dependence of velocity on substrate concentration,
      a non-linear progress curve for uroporphyrinogen appearance, and was monomeric,
      having an Mr of 44,000 by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100 and h.p.l.c. and an Mr
      of 45,000 on SDS/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. The enzyme showed a sharp pH
      profile for Vmax, and various folates were shown to accelerate neither the
      enzymic formation of hydroxymethylbilane nor ring-closure of hydroxymethylbilane.

PMID- 3390156
TI  - Cathepsin G is a strong platelet agonist released by neutrophils.
AB  - The present studies were undertaken to characterize a serine protease released by
      N-formyl-L-Met-L-Leu-L-Phe (fMet-Leu-Phe)-stimulated neutrophils that rapidly
      induces platelet calcium mobilization, secretion and aggregation. The biological
      activity associated with this protease was unaffected by leupeptin, was only
      weakly diminished by N-p-tosyl-L-Lys-chloromethane, but was strongly inhibited by
      alpha 1-antitrypsin, soyabean trypsin inhibitor, N-tosyl-L-Phe-chloromethane and
      benzoyloxycarbonyl-Gly-Leu-Phe-chloromethane (Z-Gly-Leu-PheCH2Cl). These
      observations indicated that the biological activity of neutrophil supernatants
      could be attributed to a chymotrypsin-like enzyme such as cathepsin G.
      Furthermore, platelet aggregation and 5-hydroxytryptamine release induced by cell
      free supernatants from fMet-Leu-Phe-stimulated neutrophils were found to be
      blocked by antiserum to cathepsin G in a concentration-dependent manner but were
      unaffected by antiserum to elastase. The biological activity present in
      neutrophil supernatants co-purified with enzymic activity for cathepsin G during
      sequential Aprotinin-Sepharose affinity chromatography and carboxymethyl-Sephadex
      chromatography. SDS/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis of the reduced, purified
      protein, demonstrated three polypeptides with apparent Mr values of 31,500,
      29,000 and 28,000 and four polypeptides were resolved on acid-gel
      electrophoresis. Purified cathepsin G from neutrophils cross-reacted with anti
      (cathepsin G) serum in a double immunodiffusion assay and elicited platelet
      calcium mobilization, 5-hydroxytryptamine secretion and aggregation. Calcium
      mobilization and secretion induced by low concentrations of cathepsin G were
      partially dependent on arachidonic acid metabolites and ADP, while stimulation by
      higher enzyme concentrations was independent of amplification pathways,
      indicating that cathepsin G is a strong platelet agonist. These results suggest
      that pathological processes which stimulate neutrophils and release cathepsin G
      can in turn result in the recruitment and activation of platelets.

PMID- 3390157
TI  - Biochemical measurements in Alzheimer's disease reveal a necessity for improved
      neuroimaging techniques to study metabolism.
AB  - A series of Alzheimer's disease and control brains were dissected to determine
      the extent of atrophy (based on total protein content) and loss of choline
      acetyltransferase activity in the cerebral cortex from the entire surface of the
      diseased brains. The distribution of intensity of pathology so determined is
      strikingly similar to the degree of hypometabolism as shown by positron emission
      tomography. It is argued that the hypometabolism can be explained (at least in
      part) by focal areas of atrophy.

PMID- 3390158
TI  - Molecular evidence that insecticide resistance in peach-potato aphids (Myzus
      persicae Sulz.) results from amplification of an esterase gene.
AB  - cDNA clones for the esterase (E4) responsible for broad insecticide resistance in
      peach-potato aphids (Myzus persicae Sulz.) were isolated and used to study the
      molecular basis of resistance. Increased esterase synthesis by resistant aphids
      was found to be associated with amplification of the structural gene for the
      esterase (E4 or its closely related variant, FE4), the degree of amplification
      being correlated with the activity of the esterase and the level of resistance.
      Hybridization of the cDNA clones to genomic Southern blots showed that only some
      of the esterase-related restriction fragments are amplified. Qualitative
      differences between restriction patterns in different clones of resistant aphids
      correlated with the presence or absence of a specific chromosome translocation
      and with production of E4 or FE4.

PMID- 3390159
TI  - Enolase isoenzymes in adult and developing Xenopus laevis and characterization of
      a cloned enolase sequence.
AB  - As part of a study of glycolysis during early development we have examined the
      pattern of expression of enolase isoenzymes in Xenopus laevis. In addition, the
      nucleotide sequence of a cDNA clone coding for the complete amino acid sequence
      of one enolase gene (ENO1) in X. laevis was determined. X. laevis ENO1 shows
      highest homology to mammalian non-neuronal enolase. Analysis of enolase
      isoenzymes in X. laevis by non-denaturing electrophoresis on cellulose acetate
      strips revealed five isoenzymes. One form was present in all tissues tested, two
      additional forms were expressed in oocytes, embryos, adult liver and adult brain,
      and two further forms were restricted to larval and adult muscle. Since enolase
      is a dimer, three different monomers (gene products) could account for the
      observed number of isoenzymes. This pattern of enolase isoenzyme expression in X.
      laevis differs from that of birds and mammals. In birds and mammals the most
      acidic form is neuron-specific and there is only one major isoenzyme expressed in
      the liver. RNAase protection experiments showed the presence of ENO1 mRNA in
      oocytes, liver and muscle, suggesting that it codes for a non-tissue-restricted
      isoenzyme. ENO1 mRNA concentrations are high in early oocytes, decrease during
      oogenesis and decrease further after fertilization. Enolase protein, however, is
      maintained at high concentrations throughout this period.

PMID- 3390160
TI  - Cholesterol transfer between lipid vesicles. Effect of phospholipids and
      gangliosides.
AB  - The effect of lipid composition on the rate of cholesterol movement between
      cellular membranes is investigated using lipid vesicles. The separation of donor
      and acceptor vesicles required for rate measurement is achieved by differential
      centrifugation so that the lipid effect can be quantified in the absence of a
      charged lipid generally used for ion-exchange-based separation. The rate of
      cholesterol transfer from small unilamellar vesicles (SUVs) containing 50 mol%
      cholesterol to a common large unilamellar vesicle (LUV) acceptor containing 20
      mol% cholesterol decreases with increasing mol% of sphingomyelin in the SUVs,
      while phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine have no appreciable effect
      at physiologically relevant levels. There is a large decrease in rate when
      phosphatidylethanolamine constitutes 50 mol% of donor phospholipids.
      Interestingly, gangliosides which have the same hydrocarbon moiety as
      sphingomyelin exert an opposite effect. The effect of spingomyelin seems to be
      mediated by its ability to decrease the fluidity of the lipid matrix, while that
      of gangliosides may arise from a weakening of phosphatidylcholine-cholesterol
      interactions or from a more favourable (less polar) microenvironment for the
      desorption of cholesterol provided by the head-group interactions involving sugar
      residues. If the effect of asymmetric transbilayer distribution of lipids is
      taken into consideration, the observed composition-dependent rate changes could
      partly account for the large difference in the rates of cholesterol desorption
      from the inner and outer layers of plasma membrane. Such rate differences may be
      responsible for an unequal steady-state distribution of cholesterol among various
      cellular membranes and lipoproteins.

PMID- 3390161
TI  - Cytochalasin B as a probe for the two hexose-transport systems in rat L6
      myoblasts.
AB  - We have recently demonstrated that two hexose-transport systems are present in
      undifferentiated rat L6 myoblasts: D-glucose and 2-deoxy-D-glucose are
      preferentially transported by the high-affinity system, whereas 3-O-methyl-D
      glucose is transported primarily by the low-affinity system. Mutant D23 is found
      to be defective only in the high-affinity hexose-transport system. The low
      affinity transport system is much more sensitive to inhibition by cytochalasin B
      (CB). The present study examines the identity, properties and regulation of the
      CB-binding sites by measuring CB binding to both whole cells and plasma membrane.
      Scatchard analysis of the binding data revealed the presence of two CB-binding
      sites, namely CBH and CBL. These two sites differ not only in their affinity for
      CB, but their levels can also be differentially altered by various biochemical,
      physiological and genetic manipulations. CBL resembles the high-affinity hexose
      transport system in that it is absent in mutant D23 and is present in larger
      quantities in glucose-starved cells. Moreover, CB binding to this site is
      inhibited by D-glucose and 2-deoxy-D-glucose, the preferred substrates of the
      high-affinity hexose-transport system. On the other hand, CBH is found to be
      unaltered in mutant D23, which also retains the normal low-affinity hexose
      transport system. CBH also resembles the low-affinity transport system in that it
      is not elevated in glucose-starved cells. Furthermore, binding of CB to this site
      can be inhibited by 3-O-methyl-D-glucose, the preferred substrate of the low
      affinity transport system. It should be noted that 2-deoxy-D-glucose does not
      have much effect on CBH, and vice versa. Studies with purified membrane
      preparations indicate that both CB-binding sites are present in similar ratios in
      the plasma membrane and the low-density microsomal fraction. Plasma-membrane
      studies also reveal that D-glucose 6-phosphate, but not 2-deoxy-D-glucose 6
      phosphate, is very effective in activating CB binding. Data presented suggest
      that CB binding may be regulated by sugar analogues in an allosteric manner.

PMID- 3390163
TI  - Nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation studies of the interaction of ligands with
      the monomer and tetramer forms of formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase.
AB  - Previous work using n.m.r. spectroscopy to investigate the binding between
      formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase and its ligands was done using the
      catalytically active tetrameric form of the enzyme. By removal of specific
      monovalent cations the tetramer dissociates to four identical, catalytically
      inactive monomers, which are capable of binding nucleotides with affinities
      similar to those obtained with the tetramer. In the studies reported here, we
      examined the interaction of metal-nucleotide, formate and monovalent cations with
      the monomer using n.m.r. relaxation measurements. We were able to demonstrate
      that formate binds to the monomer. The spin-lattice relaxation rate (1/T1) of the
      formate carbon in the monomer.M2+.ADP.formate complex is enhanced when Mg2+ is
      replaced by Mn2+. By assuming that the exchange of formate is not rate-limiting
      and that tau c of the monomer is the same as that of the tetramer, the distance
      between the Mn2+ and the formate carbon was calculated and found to be similar in
      the monomer and tetramer complexes. The spin-lattice relaxation rates of
      [13C]trimethylammonium ion (an inactive monovalent cation), [13C]methylammonium
      and [15N]ammonium ions (both active monovalent cations), were measured in the
      presence of tetramer, MnADP and formate. The relaxation rates of methylammonium
      and ammonium ions were enhanced under these conditions whereas the relaxation
      rate of trimethylammonium ion was not. The results indicate that the active
      monovalent cations bind near the MnADP binding site. A distance from the Mn2+ to
      the ammonium nitrogen of between 0.5 and 0.6 nm was calculated.

PMID- 3390162
TI  - Purification and characterization of hepatic glutathione S-transferases of rhesus
      monkeys. A family of enzymes similar to the human hepatic glutathione S
      transferases.
AB  - Thirteen forms of glutathione S-transferase were purified from the livers of
      female rhesus monkeys (Macaque mulatta). Most (74.7%) of the activity in the
      hepatic cytosol adhered well to the GSH affinity column and could be eluted only
      with the addition of GSH to the eluting buffer. The predominant isoenzymes (n =
      5) in this 'high-affinity' fraction had alkaline pI values (greater than 9.0) and
      contained a subunit with an Mr value of 24,000. All of these isoenzymes had high
      organic peroxidase activity and, on the basis of amino acid analysis, substrate
      specificities and affinity for non-substrate ligands, appear to belong to the
      family of glutathione S-transferases that have been termed alpha [Mannervik,
      Alin, Guthenberg, Jensson, Tahir, Warholm & Jornvall (1985) Proc. Natl. Acad.
      Sci. U.S.A. 82, 7202-7206]. Also within the high-affinity fraction was an
      isoenzyme with an acidic (5.8) pI value. This acidic isoenzyme was composed of a
      unique subunit (Mr 23,000). The N-terminal sequence (ten residues) of this acidic
      enzyme was identical with that of a human form that is referred to as pi. The
      predominant form of enzyme in the 'low-affinity' (eluted from the GSH affinity
      column with an increase in buffer pH) fraction was a homodimer of a 26,000-Mr
      subunit. It had an alkaline pI (greater than 9.0) but it lacked organic
      peroxidase activity. The N-terminal sequence (ten residues) of this enzyme was
      identical with that of a human enzyme referred to as mu. The substrate
      specificities and affinity for non-substrate ligands of this monkey enzyme also
      were similar to those of the human enzyme. In conclusion, the liver cytosol of
      rhesus monkeys contains a number of glutathione S-transferase isoenzymes that are
      very similar to the human hepatic enzymes.

PMID- 3390164
TI  - Insulin-like growth factors 1 and 2 in bovine colostrum. Sequences and biological
      activities compared with those of a potent truncated form.
AB  - 1. Insulin-like growth factors 1 and 2 (IGF-1 and IGF-2) together with a
      truncated form of IGF-1 were purified to homogeneity from bovine colostrum. 2.
      Two forms of IGF-1 were totally resolved from IGF-2 in the purification by
      h.p.l.c. involving cation-exchange and reverse-phase columns. 3. The complete
      amino acid sequences for all three forms of IGF were determined. The sequence of
      bovine IGF-1 was found to be identical with that of human IGF-1, and that of the
      variant lacked the N-terminal tripeptide Gly-Pro-Glu (-3N:IGF-1). Bovine IGF-2
      was found to differ in three residues of the C-domain compared with human IGF-2,
      with serine, isoleucine and asparagine substituted for alanine, valine and serine
      respectively at positions 32, 35 and 36. 4. Protein synthesis in L6 rat myoblasts
      was stimulated and protein degradation inhibited in a co-ordinate response with
      all three IGFs. The relative potency in both processes was -3N:IGF-1 greater than
      IGF-1 greater than IGF-2. A similar order of potency was obtained for the
      stimulation of DNA synthesis by -3N:IGF-1 and IGF-1. The approximately 10-fold
      effect on biological activity of removing the N-terminal tripeptide is unexpected
      in view of current information on IGF-1 structure and function.

PMID- 3390165
TI  - Glutathione peroxidase activity, lipid peroxides and selenium concentration in
      various rat organs.
AB  - Total and selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase activity, lipid peroxides and
      selenium concentration were determined in tissues of rats kept upon standard
      diet. The selenium concentration as calculated per mg of protein is as follows:
      liver greater than kidney greater than lung greater than heart greater than
      muscles greater than brain greater than erythrocytes. The lipid peroxide
      concentration as expressed by the malondialdehyde amount is a follows: brain
      greater than heart greater than muscles greater than lung greater than kidney
      greater than liver. In all the analyzed tissues, Se-GSH-Px activity was found as
      measured with t-butyl hydroperoxide as substrate, and total GSH-Px activity, as
      assayed with cumene hydroperoxide. A highly significant correlation was found
      between Se-GSH-Px activity and selenium concentration in selected tissues (r =
      0.91, p less than 0.01), and an inverse linear correlation between lipid
      peroxides concentration and Se-GSH-Px activity (r = -0.75, p less than 0.1). Se
      independent GSH-Px activity was estimated as the difference between total GSH-Px
      and Se-GSH-Px activity. In all the investigated rat tissues higher activity of Se
      dependent GSH-Px than that of Se-independent GSH-Px was observed. In erythrocytes
      and muscles only the selenium dependent enzyme was detected. Also glutathione S
      transferase activity was estimated in the above tissues. No GSH S-transferase
      activity was found in rat erythrocytes.

PMID- 3390166
TI  - Multiple forms of alkaline phosphatase in rat hepatocytes and non-parenchymal
      liver cells: differences in electrophoretic mobility, thermostability and
      sensitivity to neuraminidase treatment.
AB  - In rat liver, alkaline phosphatase is shown to exist in several distinct
      molecular forms originating from different cell types. The alkaline phosphatases
      of isolated hepatocytes and non-parenchymal liver cells were characterized with
      respect to electrophoretic mobility, thermostability, and sensitivity to
      treatment with neuraminidase in order to define the cellular distribution of the
      different enzyme forms within the liver. The major form of liver alkaline
      phosphatase could be attributed to the hepatocytic enzyme, whereas the properties
      of the minor form were found to be identical with those of the non-parenchymal
      cell enzyme. In contrast to the hepatocytic enzyme, that of the non-parenchymal
      cells revealed heterogeneity after desialylation.

PMID- 3390167
TI  - Lesions in the mesencephalic reticular formation change open field and thirst
      motivated labyrinth behaviour of rats.
AB  - Open field behaviour and thirst motivated running through two labyrinth variants
      were compared before and after bilateral symmetric lesions of the anterior part
      of the dorsolateral parabrachial nucleus (PBl) and in the anterior mesencephalic
      area cuneiformis (CU), both n = 9, on 4-month-old male Long-Evans rats. CU-rats
      were characterized by abolished visual placing responses, aphagia or hypophagia
      which was limited up to the 15th postoperative day, ambulatory hyperactivity,
      reduced climbing and grooming, but enhanced rearing. Their preoperatively learnt
      thirst motivated labyrinth passage remained unimpaired but their drinking
      behaviour was persistently changed. They interrupted drinking several times and
      regularly did not empty the cups. Thirst motivation was evidently reduced after
      CU-lesions. PBl-rats were ambulatory hypoactive and slowed with accelerated
      habituation, reduced climbing and changed incline-plane behaviour. A slight
      hypophagia was generally overcome after the 5th postoperative day. Labyrinth
      performance of PBl-rats was evidently changed with significantly slower runs and
      impaired differentiation of the second labyrinth type in which passage duration,
      errors and even duration of licking were enhanced. Water intake was less reduced
      than in CU-rats. Both nuclei include parts of the "mesencephalic locomotor
      region", but contribute differently to the regulation of spontaneous and goal
      directed behaviour.

PMID- 3390168
TI  - Substantia nigra pars reticulata modulates spontaneous and goal-directed
      behaviour of rat.
AB  - Spontaneous and active avoidance behaviour was compared pre- and postoperatively
      on 11 six month old male hooded rats of the Long-Evans strain. Seven of them with
      small bilateral symmetric lesions only in the ventromedial part of substantia
      nigra pars reticulata (SNR) were characterized by a strong decrease of
      exploratory parameters except rearings, without differences of ambulatory
      activity in the open field (OF) test. The SNR group showed a significant
      retention loss, increased reaction times and run durations in three variants of
      preoperatively consolidated Y-maze performance and weakened brightness
      discrimination. They were unable to relearn the tasks and to reduce errors to the
      preoperative level which was zero. Postoperative acquisition of a new active
      avoidance stereotype in the jump test box was impossible. They ignored the
      hanging rod in this box and did not find the escape possibility. Prevailing
      flexor tonus of trunk and forelegs after SNR lesions was no sufficient reason for
      these changes, because inborn and automated programs were far less concerned than
      learnt or operative programs and the accuracy of goal-directed behaviour.

PMID- 3390169
TI  - Heart injury in the calcium paradox: the effect of manganese.
AB  - Prevention by manganese ions of heart injury induced by the calcium paradox was
      studied in isolated perfused rat heart. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, ATP
      and glycogen content, and 45Ca2+ accumulation were used as markers of the injury.
      If Mn2+ substituted Ca2+ in the perfusion buffer after Ca2+-free perfusion, LDH
      release from the heart was inhibited but the inhibition was eliminated by Ca2+
      readmission. However, Mn2+ (0.2-2.5 mM), added from the beginning of Ca2+-free
      perfusion, prevented heart injury at the time of Ca2+ repletion. LDH release and
      45Ca2+ accumulation in the myocardium were reduced by 90-99%; ATP, glycogen and
      water content in the heart as well as perfusion pressure and heart rate remained
      within control values. The observed protective effect of Mn2+ was proportional to
      its concentration, and to the duration of Ca2+-free perfusion. A possible
      explanation for the protective effect of Mn2+ ions can be competition with Ca2+
      binding sites related to sarcolemma integrity.

PMID- 3390170
TI  - Liposome targeting to mouse brain: mannose as a recognition marker.
AB  - Liposomes prepared from lecithin:cholesterol:p-aminophenyl-alpha-mannoside
      (7:2:1, v/v/v) were efficiently incorporated into the mouse brain across the
      blood brain barrier. Furthermore, liposomes injected intraperitoneally were
      exclusively distributed into lysosome rich fraction and also taken up by glial
      cells. These data suggest that blood brain barrier cells and glial cells
      recognize mannose molecule on the surface of the membrane and can be used for the
      treatment of brain damage by lysosomal storage disease.

PMID- 3390171
TI  - A novel human plasma factor(s) capable of mobilizing intracellular Ca2+ in
      cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells.
AB  - Using fura-2-loaded rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in culture, we have
      attempted to partially purify and characterize yet unidentified factor(s) from
      normal human plasma that stimulates cytoplasmic free Ca2+ concentration
      ([Ca2+]i). The plasma extract caused an immediate and transient increase of
      [Ca2+]i in a dose-dependent manner, of which effect was not prevented by
      pretreatment with either any of receptor antagonists for -adrenergic agonist,
      angiotensin II, arginine vasopressin, serotonin, thromboxane A2, or with EGTA and
      nifedipine. This novel plasma factor(s) was heat-stable and completely
      inactivated by pronase E, suggesting its protein nature. Furthermore, plasma
      extracts dose-dependently stimulated the accumulation of [3H] inositol phosphates
      in rat VSMCs. Sephadex G-50 gel chromatography of plasma extracts resolved one
      major component (mol wt 13,000) and two minor components with larger (greater
      than 30,000) and smaller (3,000) mol wt. Present study demonstrates the presence
      of hitherto unidentified plasma factor(s) with size heterogeneity capable of
      stimulating both mobilization of [Ca2+]i and breakdown of phosphatidylinositol
      4,5-biphosphates in rat VSMCs.

PMID- 3390172
TI  - Protein analysis of NCA-50 shows identity to NCA cDNA deduced sequences and
      indicates posttranslational modifications.
AB  - The amino acid sequence, representing 59% of the protein moiety of NCA-50
      (nonspecific crossreacting antigen), has been determined. These data confirm that
      NCA-50 is the product of the mRNA whose corresponding cDNAs were recently
      isolated from a human lung (HLC-1), as well as from a colon carcinoma cell line
      (SW 403) cDNA library. The four cysteine residues detected in the NCA-50 molecule
      form disulfide bonds. The glycosylation of 7 potential N-glycosylation sites
      which were analysed, showed pronounced differences. There is strong evidence that
      NCA-50 is bound to a phosphatidyl-inositol glycan, via an amide linkage to
      ethanolamine at amino acid position 287, which has replaced the last 24 amino
      acids.

PMID- 3390173
TI  - 7-ketocholesterol inhibits VLDL secretion by cultured human and rabbit
      hepatocytes.
AB  - 7-ketocholesterol, one of the major product of autoxidation of dietary
      cholesterol, was found to inhibit secretion of very low density lipoprotein
      [14C]cholesterol, [14C]triacylglycerol and [35S]apoprotein B,E,C by cultured
      human and rabbit hepatocytes. A parallel inhibition (about 35%) of cholesterol
      synthesis but not of triacylglycerol formation was observed. Incubation with 10
      micrograms/ml of oxysterol also reduced the total apo-B secretion measured by
      ELISA and increased intracellular apo-B mRNA level. These results seem to
      indicate that 7-ketocholesterol decreases secretion of very low density
      lipoprotein (VLDL) particles and exerts inhibitory effects on apo-B production at
      the co-translational or posttranslational level.

PMID- 3390174
TI  - A novel growth factor in rat spleen which promotes proliferation of hepatocytes
      in primary culture.
AB  - We have identified a factor from adult rat spleen which stimulates the
      proliferation of rat hepatocytes. The activity was found in the spleen soluble
      matrix fraction (1,300xg supernatant of inter-cellular fraction). No activity was
      found in the spleen cell homogenate, in the spleen insoluble matrix fraction or
      rat serum. After 4 days of incubation with the spleen factor, the cell number
      increased 4-fold higher than that at inoculation. The growth stimulation were
      observed in both fetal bovine serum supplemented medium and hormonally defined
      medium which contains insulin, epidermal growth factor, glucagon, growth hormone
      and prolactin. The level of activity in the spleen soluble matrix was not
      affected by partial hepatectomy or trypsinization. These data indicate that the
      spleen factor is different from previously characterized effectors of hepatocyte
      proliferation. The novel factor has been named spleen derived growth factor
      (SDGF).

PMID- 3390175
TI  - Effect of tumor promoting phorbol ester TPA on epidermal protein synthesis:
      stimulation of an elongation factor 2 phosphatase activity by TPA in vivo.
AB  - Topical application of the phorbol ester TPA to mouse skin causes an increase in
      the amount of elongation factor 2 (EF-2), a factor in eukaryotic protein
      synthesis, in the epidermal cytosol (2- to 3-fold) and particulate fraction (7
      fold). Furthermore, as a consequence of this TPA treatment the activity of an
      epidermal EF-2 phosphatase is stimulated. The EF-2 phosphatase has an apparent
      molecular weight of around 38,000 daltons. The enzyme activity is induced as
      early as 45 minutes after TPA treatment and remains at the elevated level for
      more than 17 hours. Both of the TPA-induced effects result in an increase in
      unphosphorylated, i.e. active EF-2 and can be suppressed by cyclosporine A.

PMID- 3390176
TI  - alpha-Cl-alpha-Br-phosphonoacetic acid is a potent and selective inhibitor of
      Na+/Pi cotransport across renal cortical brush border membrane.
AB  - We found that alpha-Cl-alpha-Br-phosphonoacetate (ClBrPAA) is a competitive,
      solute-specific inhibitor of Na+/Pi cotransport across renal cortical brush
      border membrane. Inhibition by ClBrPAA (Ki = 62 microM) is more than three times
      more effective than inhibition by phosphonoformate (PFA), the most potent Na+/Pi
      cotransport inhibitor known to date, and 26 times more effective than the parent
      compound, phosphonoacetate (PAA). These observations indicate that substitution
      of bromine and chlorine atoms at the alpha-carbon of PAA greatly enhances its
      efficacy as a competitive inhibitor of Na+/Pi cotransport. As ClBrPAA is much
      less inhibitory than PAA and PFA towards viral DNA polymerases and did not
      inhibit human alpha-DNA polymerase (ref. 10), the results also demonstrate that
      Na+/Pi cotransport inhibition can be dissociated from inhibition of DNA
      polymerases by phosphonocarboxylate compounds.

PMID- 3390177
TI  - The gene coding a ubiquitin-activating enzyme may locate on X chromosome.
AB  - tsBN75 cells which have a ts defect in the S phase have a mutation linked to the
      gene of hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase and cannot complement ts85 cells
      which have a ts defect in the ubiquitin-activating enzyme. The ubiquitin
      activating enzyme may be required for completion of the S phase.

PMID- 3390178
TI  - Melatonin in the lacrimal gland: first demonstration and experimental
      manipulation.
AB  - NAT, HIOMT and melatonin are described in the extra-orbital lacrimal glands. The
      extra-orbital lacrimal glands of female Syrian hamsters contain higher NAT
      activity and melatonin levels than those in male glands, while male glands have
      higher HIOMT activity. Castration did not change melatonin in the lacrimal
      glands, although NAT and HIOMT activities were altered. The exposure of female
      hamsters to light in the morning (0600h) was associated with a reduction in both
      NAT activity and melatonin levels. Porphyrins were not detected in the lacrimal
      glands of either male or female hamsters.

PMID- 3390179
TI  - Characterization of a proteolytic enzyme in the skin secretions of Xenopus
      laevis.
AB  - Enzymes present in the skin secretions of Xenopus laevis were fractionated by ion
      exchange chromatography. One of the proteases obtained was found to catalyse
      cleavage on the COOH-side of peptide sequences containing consecutive hydrophobic
      and basic residues. Evidence is presented that the enzyme is a cysteine protease
      with an optimum pH of 5.0 to 6.0. The characteristic specificity of this enzyme
      suggests that it may fulfil a role in propeptide processing.

PMID- 3390180
TI  - Role of sulphated tyrosine residue in influencing the biologic activity of human
      cholecystokinin-33.
AB  - To evaluate the role of the sulphated tyrosine residue in position 27 in human
      cholecystokinin-33, parallel bioassay of the sulphated form of human
      cholecystokinin-33 and the unsulphated form of human cholecystokinin-33 was
      performed on the pancreatic protein secretion. Both peptides increased the
      protein output in a dose-related manner. However, the sulphated form possessed a
      considerably higher activity than the sulphated form. The relative potency of the
      unsulphated human cholecystokinin-33 compared to that of the sulphated human
      cholecystokinin-33 (taken as 1.0) was 0.08. From the results, it was suggested
      that the sulphated tyrosine may play an important role in controlling the
      activity of the longer molecular forms as well as that of the smaller forms of
      cholecystokinin.

PMID- 3390181
TI  - Recombinant human tumor necrosis factor alpha lacks chemotactic activity for
      human peripheral blood neutrophils and monocytes.
AB  - Preparations of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor alpha (rhuTNF alpha) free
      of aminoterminal methionine were tested for human neutrophil granulocyte (PMN)
      and monocyte (MO) chemotactic activity using the Boyden chamber system. Over a
      wide range of concentrations (10(-7)-10(-15) M) rhuTNF alpha of two different
      sources failed to elicit chemotactic responses in PMN or MO, whereas strong PMN
      and MO chemotactic activity could be detected using the tripeptide N-formyl
      methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP). In addition, rhuTNF alpha containing 62%
      aminoterminal methionine failed to induce PMN and MO chemotaxis. It is concluded
      that rhuTNF alpha may not be a chemotaxin for human PMN and MO in vitro.

PMID- 3390182
TI  - L-arginine is the physiological precursor for the formation of nitric oxide in
      endothelium-dependent relaxation.
AB  - The formation of nitric oxide (NO) from L-arginine by vascular endothelial cells
      and its relationship to endothelium-dependent relaxation of vascular rings was
      studied. The release of NO, measured by bioassay or chemiluminescence, from
      porcine aortic endothelial cells stimulated with bradykinin was enhanced by
      infusions of L-, but not D-arginine. The release of 15NO, determined by high
      resolution mass spectrometry, from L-guanidino 15N (99%) arginine was also
      observed, indicating that NO is formed from the terminal guanidino nitrogen
      atom(s) of L-arginine. L-NG-monomethyl arginine (L-NMMA), but not D-NMMA,
      inhibited both the generation of NO by endothelial cells in culture and the
      endothelium-dependent relaxation of rabbit aortic rings. Both these effects were
      reversed by L-arginine. These data indicate that L-arginine is the physiological
      precursor for the formation of NO which mediates endothelium-dependent
      relaxation.

PMID- 3390183
TI  - Presence of a lipophosphoglycan in two variants of Trypanosoma brucei brucei.
AB  - For the family of Trypanosomatidae (Trypanosoma and Leishmania) the organization
      of the glycoproteins on the cell surface is a well documented structural feature,
      because their plasma membranes are potential target for chemotherapy. By using
      metabolic labeling ( [32P] phosphate, [3H]-myristic acid, [3H]-galactose) and by
      appropriate fractionated extraction, we have found a trypanosomal molecule which
      has electrophoretic and chromatographic properties consistent with the
      lipophosphoglycan of Leishmania donovani defined by Turco et al (1987)
      Biochemistry 26, 6233-6238 (1). In addition, the trypanosomal lipophosphoglycan,
      appears to have chromatographic behaviour similar to the glycolipid C of
      Trypanosoma brucei brucei described by Krakow et al (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261,
      12147-12153 (2). Our results suggest that the role of the trypanosomal
      lipophosphoglycan may take place in the orientation of the glycoproteins in the
      surface coat and/or corresponds to the glycolipid precursor for the anchor of
      variant surface glycoprotein.

PMID- 3390184
TI  - Exposure to depolarizing concentrations of K+ inhibits hormonally-induced calcium
      influx in rat liver.
AB  - The exposure of perfused rat livers to depolarizing concentrations of K+ (60 mM)
      by partial substitution of the NaCl in the medium with KCl induces
      glycogenolysis, respiratory changes and vasoconstriction. These responses were
      found to be inhibited 70-80% by 20 microM indomethacin and by 20 microM
      bromophenacyl bromide. This suggests that eicosanoids, namely prostaglandins, are
      involved in mediating these effects, and hence that the action of K+ involves
      primarily an effect on eicosanoid-producing cells (Kupffer and endothelial cells)
      within the liver. A 5 min pre-exposure of perfused livers to depolarizing
      concentrations of K+ (in the presence of indomethacin) was found to inhibit (by
      approx. 85%) the influx of Ca2+ induced by the co-administration of 10 nM
      glucagon and 10 nM vasopressin. A similar result was observed in isolated
      hepatocytes. The inhibition was probably not due to a decrease in the
      concentration of Na+ in the medium since the substitution of 80 mM NaCl with 80
      mM choline chloride resulted in significantly less inhibition (30-40%). These
      results suggest that under these conditions the influx of Ca2+ in liver occurs
      through a pathway that is inhibited by high K+ concentration and/or a
      depolarization of the plasma membrane.

PMID- 3390185
TI  - Expression of proto-ret mRNA in embryonic and adult rat tissues.
AB  - The expression of proto-ret mRNA in adult and embryonic rat tissues were studied.
      Very low levels of proto-ret transcripts were found in adult rat tissues such as
      brain, thymus and testis. The sizes of these transcripts were almost the same as
      those found in human neuroblastoma, SK-N-SH cells. High levels of proto-ret
      transcripts were found in the rat conceptus on days 9 to 11 of gestation, but not
      at later stages of development. The level of transcripts in the conceptus on day
      10 was about 20-50 times that in adult rat thymus. These results suggest that the
      proto-ret product, which is possibly a receptor-type tyrosine kinase, has special
      functions during embryonic development.

PMID- 3390186
TI  - Calculation of the magnitude and orientation of electrostatic interactions
      between small aromatic rings in peptides and proteins: implications for
      angiotensin II.
AB  - Electrostatic interactions between aromatic rings are believed to contribute to
      the intramolecular structuring and biological function of peptides and proteins.
      The modes of interaction of benzene with 1) benzene (Phe:Phe), 2) imidazole
      (Phe:His), and 3) imidazole anion (Phe:His), were calculated using all-electron
      ab initio wavefunctions. In all cases parallel-plate stackings were found to be
      purely repulsive, whereas perpendicular-plate geometries were attractive with
      interaction energies of -0.82 (Phe:Phe), -1.19 (Phe:His) and -3.39 (Phe:His)
      kcal/mole. These data show that small ring interactions in peptides and proteins
      will prefer perpendicular-plate geometry. For the proposed His:Phe interaction in
      angiotensin II, the attraction will be three times greater when the imidazole
      ring carries a negative charge.

PMID- 3390187
TI  - DNA polymerase alpha activity in mitogen-activated lymphocytes.
AB  - DNA polymerase alpha isolated from adult-derived lymphocytes was separated into
      isozyme forms with low (A1) and high (A2) specific activity. In quiescent
      lymphocytes only A1 was detected, while mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes contained
      both A1 and A2 enzyme. Polymerase alpha A1, but not A2, interacted with
      phosphatidylinositol, ATP, and phosphatidylinositol kinase to yield an activated
      enzyme with increased affinity of binding to DNA. Mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes
      showed increased enzyme protein and total activity for both A1 and A2, but, when
      pre-treated with cycloheximide, exhibited an apparent increase in A2 specific
      activity with no increase in activity for A1 polymerase. These data suggest that
      mitogen stimulation of lymphocytes increased total DNA polymerase alpha activity
      by the phosphoinositide-related activation of polymerase alpha A1 to an A2-like
      form and by initiating de-novo synthesis of polymerase alpha A2.

PMID- 3390188
TI  - Interaction of propylthiouracil and its precursors with horseradish peroxidase.
AB  - Interactions of horseradish peroxidase with propylthiouracil, thiouracil,
      propyluracil and uracil lead to the formation of complexes that exhibit different
      absorption spectra which can be attributed to the perturbation of peroxidase as
      the result of the drug-binding on a polar site in the protein. In this paper, by
      dilatometry and viscometry structural alterations in horseradish peroxidase were
      detected from its interaction with propylthiouracil and thiouracil only, and the
      physiological inhibition of peroxidase for these antithyroid drugs seems to be
      through structural alterations in the protein.

PMID- 3390189
TI  - Stimulation and inhibition of iron-dependent lipid peroxidation by
      desferrioxamine.
AB  - Peroxidation of rat brain synaptosomes was assessed by the formation of
      thiobarbituric acid reactive products in either 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer
      (pH 7.4) or pH adjusted saline. In phosphate, addition of Fe2+ resulted in a dose
      related increase in lipid peroxidation. In saline, stimulation of lipid
      peroxidation by Fe2+ was maximal at 30 uM, and was less at concentrations of 100
      uM and above. Whereas desferrioxamine caused a dose-related inhibition of iron
      dependent lipid peroxidation in phosphate, it stimulated lipid peroxidation with
      Fe2+ by as much as 7-fold in saline. The effects of desferrioxamine depended upon
      the oxidation state of iron, and the concentration of desferrioxamine and lipid.
      The results suggest that lipid and desferrioxamine compete for available iron.
      The data are consistent with the hypothesis that either phosphate or
      desferrioxamine may stimulate iron-dependent lipid peroxidation under certain
      circumstances by favoring formation of Fe2+/Fe3+ ratios.

PMID- 3390190
TI  - Protective effect of long term ammonium ingestion against acute ammonium
      intoxication.
AB  - Rats were fed for 15 days a diet containing ammonium acetate (20% w/w) and then
      injected i. p. with ammonium acetate (7 mmol/Kg). Only 1 out of 18 control rats
      but 9 of 18 rats fed ammonium survived, indicating a protective effect of
      ammonium ingestion against an acute ammonia challenge. Blood ammonia returned to
      normal levels sooner in hyperammonemic rats, suggesting more rapid detoxication.
      In controls, blood urea levels rose immediately reaching a maximum at 15 min,
      however in hyperammonemic rats urea levels did not change during the first hour,
      then rose slowly up to 3 hours. These results suggest that in the ammonium fed
      rats ammonia is initially sequestered and finally eliminated as urea.

PMID- 3390191
TI  - Long-wavelength fluorescence of tyrosine and tryptophan: a classic example of
      second order diffraction.
AB  - The recent report of long-wavelength fluorescence of tyrosine and tryptophan
      solutions [Macias et al. (1987) Biochem. Int. 15, 961-969] prompted an
      investigation to confirm its authenticity. Similar excitation and emission
      spectra were recorded in the absence of any filters, but completely disappeared
      when a 370 nm non-fluorescent cut-off filter was placed between the excitation
      monochromator and the sample. These results demonstrate that excitation spectra
      above 400 nm and emission spectra above 550 nm originate from second order
      diffraction effects.

PMID- 3390192
TI  - Ribosomal phosphoproteins in Microsporum canis.
AB  - Ribosomal phosphoproteins of Microsporum canis labelled in vivo were
      characterised by two-dimensional and SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A
      small subunit protein, S6, was the only phosphoprotein identified in 40S and 80S
      in basic-acidic two-dimensional gels. Three different forms of phosphorylated S6
      were also observed in 40S subunit. On SDS gels five phosphoproteins were
      identified in 80S; of these three were present in 40S and two in 60S. S6 was the
      only basic phosphoprotein, while the other four were acidic.

PMID- 3390193
TI  - Lysophosphatidylcholine----phosphatidylcholine converting activity of Penicillium
      notatum phospholipase B.
AB  - Phospholipase B from a fungus Penicillium notatum, which was previously shown to
      possess phospholipase B activity as well as lysophospholipase activity, was found
      to have another activity to convert lysophospholipid to phospholipid, to an
      extent comparable to its phospholipase B activity. The enzyme did not incorporate
      free fatty acid into phospholipid in the presence of CoA and ATP. The results
      shown here coincide with data reported on yeast phospholipase B and may imply the
      functional and structural kinship between two related enzymes.

PMID- 3390194
TI  - Quantitative study on creatine metabolism in sheep tissues.
AB  - Creatine metabolism was quantitated in sheep tissues by measurement of the amount
      of creatine and creatinine flowing into and out of various tissues using multi
      catheterized sheep. The results showed that sheep derived no creatine from the
      digestive tract. The total renal clearance of creatine plus creatinine was about
      18 mmoles per day. Daily creatine synthesis in the sheep was some 15 mmoles, of
      which 80% occurred in the liver. There was a daily uptake of about 5.4 mmoles of
      creatine and an output of 7.8 mmoles of creatinine by the hindlimbs of the sheep.
      This difference suggests that the skeletal muscle may be able to synthesize a
      significant amount of creatine. However, creatine metabolism in the heart, lung
      and brain was much less active.

PMID- 3390195
TI  - Inhibition of rat testicular microsomal steroidogenesis by oxytocin and
      metyrapone.
AB  - Capillary gas chromatographic 'steroid profiling' has been utilised to separate
      and quantify the metabolites (derivatized as methyloximes and/or trimethylsilyl
      ethers) formed from pregnenolone after incubation with rat testicular microsomes.
      A wide range of steroid metabolites was found, indicating that both the 5-ene and
      4-ene pathways of testosterone biosynthesis were operating, as well as 16 alpha
      hydroxylation, 20 beta-reduction and the formation of several C19 steroids (the
      16-androstenes). At the concentration used, Metyrapone markedly inhibited 16
      alpha- and 17-hydroxylation and side-chain cleavage of 17-hydroxylated C21
      steroids. 16-Androstene production was also markedly inhibited and the formation
      of other metabolites was affected to lesser extents. Oxytocin abolished the
      formation of all C21 and C19 metabolites of pregnenolone.

PMID- 3390196
TI  - Identification and expression of the 20 kd structural protein gene of colitis
      bacteriophage.
AB  - The 2.3 kb BamHI fragment from the colitis bacteriophage DNA was transcribed and
      translated into a 20 kd structural protein P6, in a coupled transcription
      translation system derived from Escherichia coli. This protein was expressed in
      vivo by the 2.3 kb DNA cloned in pBR322. The gene with the regulatory elements
      for this protein was located on the 680 bp AvaII fragment of the insert DNA. It
      hybridized with two RNAs of sizes 520 and 1630 nucleotides indicating that both
      are messengers for the 20 kd protein. Dot-blot hybridization showed that the
      transcripts for P6 reached a maximum level at 12 min after phage infection.

PMID- 3390198
TI  - Labelling of proteins with [35S]methionine in monolayer cultures of rat
      hepatocytes.
AB  - Optimal conditions for the labelling of proteins with [35S]methionine in
      monolayers of rat hepatocytes have been established. The ability to incorporate
      the radioactive amino acid was constant for at least 26 h and independent of
      whether the medium was buffered with CO2/HCO3 or with 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piper
      azineethanesulphonic acid (Hepes). Preincubation in methionine-free medium for up
      to 30 min yielded increasing, and from 60 to 180 min decreasing, rates of
      incorporation. An apparent Km value of 0.06 mM was obtained for the incorporation
      reaction in cells preincubated for 40 min.

PMID- 3390197
TI  - Inorganic phosphate and energy charge compartmentation in Ehrlich ascites tumour
      cells in the presence of glucose and/or glutamine.
AB  - Inorganic phosphate concentrations and the values of energy charge were
      determined in the cytosolic and mitochondrial compartments of Ehrlich ascites
      tumour cells incubated with 5 mM glucose and/or 0.5 mM glutamine. The initial
      value of inorganic phosphate concentration in the cytosolic compartment decreased
      in the three incubation conditions assayed; this decrease was greater when
      glucose was present in the incubation medium. Mitochondrial inorganic phosphate
      concentration diminished in incubations with only glucose and raised in
      incubations with only glutamine.

PMID- 3390199
TI  - The nuclear associated endoplasmic reticulum and membrane biogenesis in MPC-11
      cells.
AB  - The incorporation of 3H-glucosamine, 3H-choline and 14C-fucose into subcellular
      fractions of MPC-11 cells was studied. After a 20 min period of labelling with
      both 3H-glucosamine and 3H-choline, greatest incorporation was observed in
      nuclear-associated endoplasmic reticulum (NER). 14C-fucose, however, was
      incorporated to a greater extent in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes. Pulse
      chase experiments with 3H-glucosamine showed a loss of radioactivity from NER and
      a simultaneous increase in the ER fraction. In comparison to NER, ER membranes
      were poorly labeled with 3H-glucosamine after a 20 min pulse. Following a 2 h
      incubation there was a 12 fold increase in radioactivity in ER membranes in
      comparison to a 1.2 fold increase in NER. There were no individual differences
      between subfractions of ER membranes with respect to 3H-glucosamine content after
      the pulse, or following the 2 h incubation. The results indicate that the NER is
      a major, early site of the synthesis of 3H-glucosamine labeled membrane
      glycoproteins, and that these proteins migrate into other ER membranes early
      after their synthesis.

PMID- 3390200
TI  - Stable isotope evidence for the localisation of phenylalanine biosynthesis in the
      bacterium Paracoccus denitrificans.
AB  - Paracoccus denitrificans was grown on [6-13C]-glucose as the sole carbon source
      for growth and the extracts were fractionated and analysed by gas chromatography
      mass spectrometry. The 13C-labelling pattern observed in phenylalanine indicated
      that the biosynthetic sequences of enzymes for phenylalanine production were
      unequally distributed within the cell and that there are at least 2 separate loci
      of phenylalanine biosynthesis. The principal locus of phenylalanine production
      was associated with the Entner-Doudoroff and/or the pentose phosphate pathways
      and it was responsible for producing 3/4 of the bacterium's phenylalanine. A
      second locus was associated with the G6 oxidation pathway and was responsible for
      producing the remaining 1/4 of the cell's phenylalanine.

PMID- 3390201
TI  - Hepatotoxicity of tetrahydroaminoacridine in isolated rat hepatocytes: effect of
      glutathione and vitamin E.

PMID- 3390202
TI  - Reductive metabolism of halothane by purified cytochrome P-450.
AB  - The reductive metabolism of halothane was determined using purified RLM2, PBRLM4
      and PBRLM5 forms of rat liver microsomal cytochrome P-450. The metabolites, 2
      chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane (CTE) and 2-chloro-1,1-difluoroethylene (CDE), were
      determined. All three forms of cytochrome P-450 produced CTE with relatively
      small differences in its production among the various forms. There were major
      differences, however, in the production of CDE, with PBRLM5 being the most
      active. PBRLM5 was also the only form to show the development of a complex
      between halothane and cytochrome P-450. This complex absorbed light maximally at
      470 nm. The complex formation and the production of CDE by PBRLM5 were stimulated
      by the addition of cytochrome b5. Cytochrome b5 had no effect on CDE production
      by PBRLM4 and inhibited the production of both CTE and CDE by RLM2. These results
      show that the two-electron reduction of halothane by cytochrome P-450 was
      catalyzed by the PBRLM5 form and that cytochrome b5 stimulated the transfer of
      the second electron to halothane through PBRLM5, but not RLM2 or PBRLM4.

PMID- 3390203
TI  - Loss of 3-methylcholanthrene-inducible form of cytochrome P-450 in liver
      microsomes following administration of carbon disulfide in C57BL/6 Cr mice.
AB  - Early after administration of CS2 to untreated, phenobarbital (PB)-and 3
      methylcholanthrene (3-MC)-pretreated C57BL/6 Cr mice: (1) the loss of cytochrome
      P-450 was enhanced by pretreatment with both inducers, but to a greater extent
      with 3-MC; (2) the decrease in 7-ethoxyresorufin (ER) O-deethylation activity was
      much greater than that of cytochrome P-450 in untreated and PB-pretreated mice,
      but both paralleled values in 3-MC-pretreated mice, in which ER O-deethylation
      activity was induced markedly, (3) the peak of the carbon monoxide-difference
      spectrum of microsomal reduced cytochrome P-450 (about 448 nm) in 3-MC-pretreated
      mice shifted toward 450 nm after administration of increasing doses of CS2; (4)
      similar tendencies were observed in vitro in items (1) to (3); (5)
      electrophoresis of microsomal proteins revealed a loss of each protein band
      induced by PB and 3-MC following CS2 administration; (6) in the reconstituted
      monooxygenase system using partially purified cytochrome P-450 and P-448 forms
      from PB- and 3-MC-treated rats, CS2 suppressed the drug-metabolizing activities
      exhibited by the P-448 form but had little or no effect on those by the P-450
      form; and (7) in n-octylamine difference spectra of microsomes, loss of the 3-MC
      induced high spin form of cytochrome P-450 was evident. These results indicate
      that the 3-MC-inducible form of cytochrome P-450 was more susceptible to CS2 than
      the PB-inducible form. The hepato-necrogenic action of CS2 was not enhanced by PB
      or 3-MC pretreatment in mice.

PMID- 3390204
TI  - Estradiol and guanine nucleotide modulation of dopamine receptor agonist and
      antagonist binding sites in 7315a pituitary tumors.
AB  - The agonist high- and low-affinity states of the dopamine (DA) receptor were
      investigated with apomorphine competition for [3H]spiperone binding to DA
      receptors in 7315a tumors grown in intact female rats, while the antagonist site
      was investigated with saturation of [3H]spiperone binding. Such as for the intact
      pituitary, the antagonist binding site density in 7315a tumors was not affected
      by NaCl and/or Gpp(NH)p, and its binding affinity was increased in the presence
      of NaCl. The DA receptor in 7315a tumors existed in high- and low-affinity
      agonist states, and the two apomorphine sites had similar affinities in tumoral
      and intact tissue. However, the proportion of the high affinity state was
      slightly lower in the 7315a tumor compared to intact tissue. Tumor (7315a) growth
      in ovariectomized rats was slower than in intact animal; chronic 17 beta
      estradiol treatment inhibited growth of these tumors. Prolactin (PRL)
      concentration and density of DA receptors were higher in tumors grown in
      ovariectomized than in intact female rats, whereas both decreased after 23 days
      of 17 beta-estradiol treatment. Estradiol treatment decreased the affinity of the
      high- and the low-apomorphine binding sites, whereas their proportions remained
      unchanged. Thus, changes of DA receptors and 7315a tumor growth seem to be
      related; however, their relationship is complex.

PMID- 3390205
TI  - The preparation of poly (dT)-5'-transferrin conjugates and hybridisation studies
      with poly (dA)-tailed linearised pBR322 plasmid DNA.
AB  - The formation of transferrin-DNA complexes intended for ligand-directed
      transfection studies has been achieved through a hybridisation technique
      involving complementary homodeoxypolynucleotide chains attached to the
      participating protein and DNA species. Oligothymidylate residues (pT)n obtained
      by dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (CDI) polymerisation of thymidine-5'-monophosphate
      (5'-TMP) were activated to the 5'-imidazolides which on incubation with
      transferrin yielded the 5'linked phosphoramidates (pT)n-5'-transferrin.
      Homopolymeric chain extension of (pT)5-5'-transferrin by terminal transferase and
      dTTP at 30 degrees for 30 min yielded (pT) 300-5'-transferrin. Cleavage of the
      phosphoramide link in the polymer modified transferrin at 37 degrees was
      pronounced after 30 min although at 25 degrees hydrolysis was less than 5% after
      4 hr. Poly(dT)-5'-transferrin readily hybridised with [3H]poly(dA)-tailed Pst 1
      linearised pBR322 DNA. Resultant complexes were demonstrated by nitrocellulose
      filter binding and immunoprecipitation with anti-transferrin antibody. In
      contrast with poly(dT)-5'-transferrin, poly(dT)-5'-transferrin-poly(dA)-tailed
      pBR322 DNA complexes were stable at 37 degrees suggesting that annealing is
      followed by further stabilising interactions between the DNA and protein
      components.

PMID- 3390206
TI  - Direct photoaffinity labelling of binding proteins for beta-lactam antibiotics in
      rabbit intestinal brush border membranes with [3H]benzylpenicillin.
AB  - Brush border membrane vesicles from rabbit small intestine were used to study the
      intestinal uptake system for beta-lactam antibiotics. Benzylpenicillin inhibited
      the H+-dependent uptake of alpha-aminocephalosporins in a concentration-dependent
      manner suggesting a common transport system for alpha-aminocephalosporins and
      benzylpenicillin. Benzylpenicillin is therefore a suitable probe to characterize
      this transport system. Irradiation of [3H]benzylpenicillin using light sources
      having their maximum of radiation at 300 or 254 nm resulted in a covalent
      incorporation of radioactivity into penicillin binding proteins as was shown with
      serum albumin. Hence [3H]benzylpenicillin can be used for direct photoaffinity
      labeling of penicillin binding proteins in different cells and tissues. In brush
      border membrane vesicles from rabbit small intestine predominantly a membrane
      polypeptide with an apparent molecular weight of 127,000 was labeled by
      [3H]benzylpenicillin. Competition labeling experiments demonstrated that beta
      lactam antibiotics--penicillins and cephalosporins--specifically interact with
      this protein, whereas amino acids, sugars or bile acids had no effect on the
      labeling pattern. Compounds which decreased the labeling of the 127,000 molecular
      weight membrane polypeptide also inhibited the H+-dependent uptake of the alpha
      aminocephalosporin cephalexin into intestinal brush border membrane vesicles.
      These results suggest that a polypeptide of molecular weight 127,000 in the brush
      border membrane from rabbit small intestine is a constituent of a common
      transport system responsible for the uptake of orally effective beta-lactam
      antibiotics and dipeptides. beta-Lactam antibiotics which are not absorbed from
      the small intestine also bind from the luminal site to this transport system, but
      are not transported across the brush border membrane.

PMID- 3390207
TI  - Cornigerine, a potent antimitotic Colchicum alkaloid of unusual structure.
      Interactions with tubulin.
AB  - Cornigerine is a natural product analog of colchicine produced by Colchicum
      cornigerum in which the vicinal 2- and 3-methoxy groups are condensed into a
      methylenedioxy bridge. This produces a fourth ring and a structure which
      resembles a hybrid of colchicine, podophyllotoxin, and steganacin. Cornigerine
      was somewhat more toxic than colchicine with L1210 murine leukemia cells and
      caused them to accumulate in metaphase arrest. Cornigerine resembled colchicine
      in its interactions with tubulin in vitro, and it was also somewhat more potent
      than colchicine in these drug-tubulin interactions. Cornigerine inhibited tubulin
      polymerization both with and without microtubule-associated proteins, inhibited
      the binding of radiolabeled colchicine to tubulin, and stimulated tubulin
      dependent GTP hydrolysis. Indirect evidence suggested that the binding of
      cornigerine to tubulin is relatively slow and temperature-dependent, like the
      binding of colchicine to the protein.

PMID- 3390208
TI  - Inhibition of acetaminophen hepatotoxicity by chlorpromazine in fed and fasted
      mice.
AB  - Acetaminophen hepatotoxicity has been shown previously to be potentiated by
      fasting, and the mechanism of hepatotoxicity has been correlated with depletion
      of reduced glutathione and the resulting elevation of cytosolic calcium.
      Chlorpromazine inhibited the hepatotoxicity of acetaminophen in a dose-dependent
      manner in fed and fasted mice. A 6 mg/kg dose of chlorpromazine prevented the
      acetaminophen-promoted increase in SGPT levels and prevented hepatic necrosis.
      Chlorpromazine did not prevent the depletion of reduced glutathione by
      acetaminophen in fed or fasted mice, although it did decrease the extent of
      reduced glutathione depletion caused by acetaminophen in fed mice from 80%
      depletion to 67% depletion. We propose that chlorpromazine causes a negative
      sensitivity modulation to calcium in hepatocytes, as evidenced by chlorpromazine
      preventing the acetaminophen-stimulated rise in phosphorylase a activity. We also
      propose that fasting potentiates acetaminophen hepatotoxicity by causing a
      positive sensitivity modulation to calcium in hepatocytes via the actions of
      glucagon.

PMID- 3390209
TI  - Glutathione depletion by naphthalene in isolated hepatocytes and by naphthalene
      oxide in vivo.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that naphthalene oxide and reactive naphthalene
      metabolites diffuse from intact, isolated hepatocytes. The amount of naphthalene
      oxide diffusing from the cells as a percentage of the total formed remained
      constant over a wide range of substrate concentrations, thus suggesting that
      depletion of glutathione might not be required prior to significant naphthalene
      oxide efflux. However, the relative intracellular versus extracellular covalent
      binding of reactive metabolites increased with increasing naphthalene
      concentrations, thereby suggesting that glutathione might be involved in
      modulating the extent of intracellular covalent binding. To examine this question
      in detail, intracellular glutathione levels were monitored in mouse hepatocytes
      incubated in the presence of various concentrations of naphthalene. Naphthalene
      produced a concentration- and time-dependent decrease in intracellular
      glutathione levels and, at higher concentrations, a marked decrease in the rate
      of glutathione efflux from hepatocytes. This decrease in hepatocellular
      glutathione levels correlated well with the shift in binding from predominantly
      extracellular to intracellular. Inclusion of glutathione and glutathione
      transferases in the cell incubation medium partially blocked the depletion of
      intracellular glutathione by naphthalene, thus suggesting that naphthalene oxide
      diffusing into the cell medium was partially responsible for intracellular
      glutathione depletion. Finally, in vivo administration of naphthalene oxide to
      mice produced a dose-dependent depletion of pulmonary but not hepatic or renal
      glutathione but only at doses that were greater than 75 mg/kg. These studies
      support the view that there is not a glutathione threshold for the efflux of
      naphthalene oxide from intact hepatocytes and suggest that naphthalene oxide is
      capable of diffusing into as well as out of isolated hepatocytes.

PMID- 3390210
TI  - Evaluation of some mitochondrial functions following liver perfusion with
      perfluorotributylamine emulsions.

PMID- 3390211
TI  - Glutathione transferase isoenzymes in cultured rat hepatocytes.

PMID- 3390212
TI  - In vivo binding of [1-14C]methylisocyanate to various tissue proteins.

PMID- 3390213
TI  - Lack of bimodality in nifedipine plasma kinetics in a large population of healthy
      subjects.

PMID- 3390214
TI  - In vivo inhibition of oxidative drug metabolism by, and acute toxicity of, 1
      aminobenzotriazole (ABT). A tool for biochemical toxicology.
AB  - One hour following intravenous pretreatment of rats with 50 mg/kg of the
      cytochrome P-450 suicide substrate 1-aminobenzotriazole (ABT), the metabolism of
      phenacetin to acetaminophen is inhibited completely [B. A. Mico et al., Drug
      Metab. Dispos. 15, 274 (1987)]. Here we report an examination of the time-course
      of inhibition of phenacetin elimination by ABT, a demonstration of dose-dependent
      inhibition of phenacetin and antipyrine clearances by ABT, and an examination of
      the acute toxicity of ABT in rats, as well as the effect of ABT on phenacetin
      metabolism in beagles. After a 1-, 12-, 24- or 36-hr pretreatment of rats with
      ABT (50 mg/kg, i.v.), the clearance of phenacetin was decreased 85, 88, 81 and
      48%, respectively, from control values. Twelve hours after intraperitoneal
      pretreatment of rats with 0.3, 1.0, 5.0, 20, and 50 mg/kg of ABT, the total
      systemic clearance of phenacetin was suppressed 39, 47, 60, 75, and 79%,
      respectively, from control values. The clearance of intravenously administered
      antipyrine was decreased 38 and 66% after a 12-hr intraperitoneal pretreatment of
      rats with 10 or 50 mg/kg of ABT. In rats, no hematological, clinical chemistry,
      macroscopic, or microscopic abnormalities were detected 1, 2, 3, and 9 days after
      a single i.v. dose of ABT (50 mg/kg). A 1-hr pretreatment of beagles with ABT (20
      mg/kg) decreased the clearance of intravenous phenacetin 50% and completely
      prevented the formation of acetaminophen. These results demonstrate that ABT
      pretreatment causes long-lasting inhibition of oxidative drug metabolism without
      disruption of normal physiological processes. Profound inhibition of oxidation in
      two species suggests that ABT may have general utility as an inhibitor of
      oxidative drug metabolism in biochemical pharmacology and toxicology studies.

PMID- 3390216
TI  - Inhibition of human platelet secretion and of Ca2+, calmodulin-dependent protein
      phosphorylation by the antiallergic agent GMCHA.
AB  - Calcium ion-dependent interaction with purified calmodulin (CaM), of a potent
      inhibitor of histamine release from mast cells, trans-4
      guanidinomethylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid p-tertbutylphenylester (GMCHA), was
      investigated using 5-(dimethylamino)-1-naphthalenesulfonyl-calmodulin (dansyl
      CaM). GMCHA undergoes a fluorescence increase with the Ca2+-dansyl-CaM complex
      but there is no significant change in the dansyl-CaM fluorescence with GMCHA, up
      to a 10 microM in the absence of calcium ion. This suggests that binding of GMCHA
      to CaM is Ca2+-dependent on the apparent Kd is approximately 1 microM. GMCHA
      suppressed the fluorescence of the hydrophobic probe 8-anilino-1
      naphthalenesulfonate (ANS), in the presence of the Ca2+-CaM complex, with an IC50
      value of 3 microM. [3H]N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide (W-7)
      bound to the purified CaM was displaced, in a concentration dependent manner by
      GMCHA, the Ki value of GMCHA against the binding of W-7 to CaM was 2.3 microM,
      and there was a selective inhibition of the Ca2+-CaM induced activation of
      enzymes such as myosin light chain kinase. Increasing the CaM concentration in
      the presence of Ca2+ overcame the GMCHA-induced inhibition of myosin light chain
      kinase activation, with a Ki value of 2.7 microM. GMCHA at these concentrations
      is effective in inhibiting the release of histamine from mast cells. Moreover,
      this compound suppresses platelet secretion and relaxes vascular strips, at
      concentrations similar to those seen with the CaM interacting action and
      characteristic of CaM antagonists such as W-7. GMCHA also inhibits the Ca2+, CaM
      dependent myosin light chain phosphorylation of human platelets. These results
      suggest that GMCHA, a potent inhibitor of histamine release from mast cells,
      suppresses platelet secretion, relaxes vascular smooth muscle and inhibits Ca2+,
      CaM-dependent protein phosphorylation, all at similar concentrations.

PMID- 3390215
TI  - Induction of xenobiotic biotransformation by the insecticide chlordimeform, a
      metabolite 4-chloro-o-toluidine and a structurally related chemical o-toluidine.
AB  - Chlordimeform, 4-chloro-o-toluidine and o-toluidine have all been found to have
      carcinogenic properties. Due to an empirical link between such properties and
      alteration of some biotransformation enzymes, the abilities of these three
      chemicals to affect cytochrome P-450 mediated biotransformation, epoxide
      hydrolase and glutathione S-transferase have been examined. Chlordimeform had no
      effect on the cytochrome P-450 content, aniline p-hydroxylase or glutathione S
      transferase activities, but induced ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase, ethoxycoumarin
      O-deethylase and epoxide hydrolase activities and decreased aldrin epoxidase and
      aminopyrine N-demethylase activities. The metabolite 4-chloro-o-toluidine
      increased cytochrome P-450, ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase, ethoxycoumarin-O
      deethylase, glutathione S-transferase and epoxide hydrolase activities. o
      Toluidine induced cytochrome P-450, ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase, ethoxycoumarin
      O-deethylase, and aldrin epoxidase activities. Ethoxy-resorufin-O-deethylase
      activity was induced approximately eight times by chlordimeform and 18 times by 4
      chloro-o-toluidine and o-toluidine. Induction was seen at 50 mg/kg with
      chlordimeform and at 10 mg/kg with the other treatments. Chlordimeform increased
      the 7 alpha and 16 alpha androstenedione hydroxylase pathways. 4-Chloro-o
      toluidine increased the 7 alpha, 16 beta and 16 alpha hydroxylase pathways, while
      o-toluidine increased the 7 alpha, 6 beta, 16 beta and 16 alpha hydroxylase
      pathways. All three chemicals marginally decreased the testosterone pathways. SDS
      PAGE of rat microsomes revealed an increase in a protein band of MW c54,000 for
      the chlordimeform and 4-chloro-o-toluidine treated groups. Taken together with
      the increase in ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity these observations are
      consistent with the induction of hepatic isozyme P-450d. Thus each chemical has
      been shown to induce various pathways of biotransformation with increases in the
      P-450c and P-450d specific substrate ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase being a
      consistent finding.

PMID- 3390217
TI  - Effect of PCR 4099 on ADP-induced calcium movements and phosphatidic acid
      production in rat platelets.
AB  - Antiplatelet activity of PCR 4099, an analogue of ticlopidine, resides in its
      specific effect against exogenous as well as released ADP. This study
      investigated in rat platelets the effects of the drug on ADP-induced shape
      change, elevation of cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) and hydrolysis
      of inositol phospholipids, monitored as [32P]phosphatidic acid formation. Shape
      change and influx of Ca2+ ions across the plasma membrane were not modified after
      PCR 4099 administration using aspirin-treated platelets. On the other hand,
      phosphatidic acid formation and calcium mobilization from internal stores were
      strongly inhibited. These results suggest that PCR 4099 leaves intact the
      machinery involved in ADP-induced platelet shape change and influx of calcium
      ions, but inhibits an early step in the ADP-response coupling leading to inositol
      phospholipid hydrolysis and aggregation.

PMID- 3390218
TI  - Methylenedioxy-benzopyran analogs of podophyllotoxin, a new synthetic class of
      antimitotic agents that inhibit tubulin polymerization.
AB  - A new class of compounds was synthesized and, based on structural analogy to
      podophyllotoxin, examined as potential microtubule inhibitors and evaluated for
      in vivo antineoplastic activity. These agents are derivatives of methylenedioxy
      benzopyran bearing a phenyl substituent at position 8. The hydrogen atoms at
      positions 7 and 8 are in a trans configuration, in contrast to the cis
      configuration of analogous hydrogen atoms at positions 1 and 2 in
      podophyllotoxin. Compounds with a variety of substituents at positions 6 and 7
      were examined, as well as compounds with varying methoxy substituent patterns on
      the phenyl ring attached at position 8. The most active compounds inhibited
      tubulin polymerization at concentrations approximately stoichiometric with
      tubulin, competitively inhibited the binding of colchicine to tubulin, and caused
      mitotic arrest at cytotoxic drug concentrations. No structure-activity
      correlations were obvious for the substituents at positions 6 and 7, but optimal
      activity was only observed when the phenyl substituent at position 8 was a
      trimethoxybenzene ring identical to the analogous ring in podophyllotoxin (i.e.
      methoxy groups at positions 3', 4' and 5'). Despite their structural and
      functional similarities to podophyllotoxin, however, the methylenedioxy
      benzopyran derivatives subtly differ from the natural product in their
      interaction with tubulin, for they stimulated rather than inhibited tubulin
      dependent GTP hydrolysis.

PMID- 3390219
TI  - Mammalian cell toxicity and bacterial mutagenicity of nitrosoimidazoles.
AB  - It is currently believed that the biological activity of such therapeutic 5
      nitroimidazoles as metronidazole is mediated by a short-lived, highly toxic
      species that arises from nitro group reduction. We found that the 5
      nitroimidazole, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-5-nitroimidazole (5-NO2), is at least 1000-fold
      less cytotoxic for CHO cells and mutagenic for Ames tester strain TA100 than its
      homologous nitroso compound, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-5-nitrosoimidazole (5-NO). Such
      evidence, along with previous work showing a similar relative bactericidal
      potency of these compounds, is consistent with the labile nitrosoimidazole being
      a biologically active species of the nitroimidazole, and indicates that mammalian
      cells are very susceptible to such an active form. The high potency of both 5-NO
      and 1-methyl-4-nitroso-5-phenylimidazole (4-NO), in contrast to the lack of
      potency of 1-methyl-4-nitro-5-phenylimidazole (4-NO2) relative to 5-NO2, is
      additional evidence to support the suggestion that the activity of a
      nitroimidazole is determined mainly by the ease with which it is reduced.

PMID- 3390220
TI  - Electrochemistry of flavonoids. Relationships between redox potentials,
      inhibition of mitochondrial respiration, and production of oxygen radicals by
      flavonoids.
AB  - We have investigated the redox behavior of a series of structurally related
      flavonoids employing cyclic voltammetry under physiological conditions. The
      flavonoids that auto-oxidized and produced oxygen radicals had oxidation
      potentials (E 1/2) significantly lower [-30 to +60 mV vs (SCE)] than those that
      did not undergo auto-oxidation (+130 to +340 mV vs SCE). The range of E 1/2
      values for the auto-oxidizable flavonoids was comparable to the E 1/2 range
      reported for the optimum quinone induced production of superoxide (O2 pi) in
      mitochondrial NADH-CoQ reductase (complex I). The most potent flavonoid
      inhibitors of mitochondrial succinate-CoQ reductase (complex II) possessed
      hydroxyl configurations capable of supporting redox reactions. For a series of
      3,5,7-trihydroxyflavones that differed by b-ring hydroxylation it was found that
      decreasing E 1/2 of the flavonoids was associated with decreasing I50 values
      towards succinoxidase. These findings suggest that the electrochemical properties
      of the flavonoids may contribute to their biological activity.

PMID- 3390221
TI  - Benzylacyclouridine. Pharmacokinetics, metabolism and biochemical effects in
      mice.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution and urinary excretion of the uridine
      (Urd) phosphorylase (EC 2.4.2.3) inhibitor 5-benzylacyclouridine (BAU) were
      studied in C57BL/6 female mice by reverse-phase HPLC. The plasma clearance of BAU
      after i.v. administration followed first-order kinetics with a half-life of
      approximately 36 min. Other pharmacokinetic parameters such as volume of
      distribution (17 ml), clearance rate (0.3 ml/min) and the elimination rate
      constant (0.019 hr-1) were relatively constant over a dose range of 5 to 240
      mg/kg when based on a first-order clearance model. Following oral administration,
      BAU was rapidly absorbed from the gut; peak plasma concentrations occurred within
      30 min and were approximately 60% of equivalent i.v. doses. The distribution of
      BAU between plasma and most major organs was rapid and efficient, the exceptions
      being spleen and brain, which maintained only 40% and 10%, respectively, of the
      plasma BAU concentration. Approximately 41% of the injected dose of BAU was
      recovered intact in urine within 24 hr. Another 27% appeared as a more polar
      metabolite which, at a concentration of 50 microM, did not inhibit murine Urd
      phosphorylase. A near linear relationship was observed between the injected dose
      of BAU and its ability to increase the plasma concentration of Urd; i.v.
      injections of 30, 120 and 240 mg/kg increased plasma Urd 3-, 7- and 15-fold
      respectively. The utility of these data in the design of combination chemotherapy
      regimens containing BAU and related compounds is discussed.

PMID- 3390222
TI  - Interaction of estrogen-nitrosourea conjugates with the estrogen receptor in rat
      uterus.
AB  - Several estrogen-nitrosourea conjugates have been synthesized with the aim of
      producing more selective cytotoxic agents. The conjugates were shown to compete
      with estradiol for binding to cytosolic estrogen receptor in rat uterus; the
      relative binding affinities for N-(2-chloroethyl)-N'-(3,17 beta-dihydroxyestra
      1,3,5(10)-trien-17 alpha-yl)methyl-N-nitrosourea (17 alpha-CNU), N-(2
      chloroethyl)-N'-(3-hydroxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17 beta-yl)-N-nitrosourea (17
      beta-CNU), and N-(2-chloroethyl)-N'-2,3-di(p-hydroxyphenyl)-pentanyl-N-nitrosoure
      a (HEX-CNU) were 2, 0.4, and 0.2, respectively, using a binding affinity of 100
      for estradiol. In the ligand exchange assay, cytosolic receptors preloaded with
      17 alpha-CNU and HEX-CNU were found to lose some of their estradiol (E2) binding
      sites, suggesting that binding to estrogen receptor (ER) may be irreversible. An
      increase of nuclear accumulation of ER was observed in the presence of 17 alpha
      CNU and HEX-CNU. In the rat system, even at a 10,000-fold excess, these two
      agents failed to show any antagonism of the uterotrophic effect of E2 in vivo.
      The low binding affinity and instability of these conjugates may account for
      their lack of antiestrogen activity. On the other hand, 17 alpha-CNU at 100 or
      1000 micrograms/day and HEX-CNU at 1000 micrograms/day demonstrated significant
      uterotrophic activity. This study did not resolve whether the stimulation of
      uterine growth was due to the parent estrogen-nitrosourea conjugate or to
      decomposition and/or metabolic products.

PMID- 3390223
TI  - Identification of the site of adriamycin-activation in the heart cell.
AB  - Based on the assumption, the selective cardiotoxicity of anthraquinone
      antibiotics is due to peculiarities concerning their metabolism in the heart, we
      have investigated the exogenous NADH oxidoreductase, a heart-specific enzyme
      recently described (H. Nohl, Eur. J. Biochem. 169, 585 1987) for its possible
      role in the development of cardiotoxic effects. Cytosolic anthraquinones have
      direct access since the enzyme was shown to be associated with the cytosolic face
      of the inner mitochondrial membrane. Redox properties, kinetic data and the poor
      substrate selectivity suggest the exogenous NADH-oxidoreductase to be involved in
      the activation of cellular anthraquinones. According to this concept, a direct
      single electron-shuttle from exogenous NADH to the anthraquinone adriamycin was
      demonstrated by the detection of adriamycin-semiquinone-related ESR signals.
      Activation of adriamycin to its semiquinone state at the expense of NADH was also
      observed with the solubilized NADH-oxidoreductase of heart mitochondria.
      Microsomal activation of adriamycin was found to result from contaminating
      exogenous NADH-oxidoreductase of heart mitochondria attached to microsomal
      membrane fractions. Based on these findings, it was concluded that adriamycin
      activation in heart cells is due to the existence of the heart specific exogenous
      NADH-oxidoreductase. Considering the physiological function of this enzyme,
      activation of cellular adriamycin also appears to be regulated by metabolic
      changes of cytosolic NADH/NAD ratios.

PMID- 3390224
TI  - Na+ and H+ gradient-dependent transport of p-aminohippurate in membrane vesicles
      from dog kidney cortex.
AB  - The transport of p-aminohippurate (PAH) was studied in basolateral (BLMV) and
      brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) isolated from dog kidney cortex. Imposition
      of an inwardly directed 100 mN Na+ gradient stimulated the uptake of 50 microM
      [3H]PAH into BLMV, whereas a pH gradient (pHout = 6.0, pHin = 7.4) only slightly
      enhanced uptake. The Na+ gradient-dependent uptake of PAH was electroneutral,
      saturable and sensitive to inhibition by probenecid and several anionic drugs,
      with (apparent) Km = 0.79 +/- 0.16 mM, Vmax = 0.80 +/- 0.05 nmol/mg protein, 15
      sec and Ki for probenecid = 0.08 +/- 0.01 mM. Simultaneous imposition of the pH
      gradient (outward OH- gradient) and inward Na+ gradient stimulated PAH uptake
      significantly over that with an Na+ gradient alone. These results are consistent
      with an Na+ gradient-stimulated PAH/OH- exchange mechanism in the basolateral
      membrane. In BBMV, PAH uptake could be stimulated by an outwardly directed OH-
      gradient as well as an inward Na+ gradient. Both gradients could drive PAH
      transport via a mediated probenecid-sensitive pathway. Na+ gradient-stimulated
      uptake was electrogenic with a (apparent) Km = 4.93 +/- 0.57 mM, Vmax = 6.71 +/-
      0.36 nmol/mg protein, 15 sec and Ki,prob = 0.13 +/- 0.01 mM. The kinetic
      parameters for PAH/OH- exchange were virtually the same, (apparent) Km = 5.72 +/-
      0.49 mM, Vmax = 7.87 +/- 0.33 nmol/mg protein, 15 sec and Ki,prob = 0.16 +/- 0.02
      mM. When both the Na+ and pH (outward OH-) gradient were simultaneously imposed
      an almost twofold stimulation in uptake was observed over that with either an Na+
      or pH gradient alone. These results suggested that both gradients stimulate PAH
      transport in BBMV via the same pathway. However, inhibition experiments with
      various organic anions showed that the specificities of Na+ and pH gradient
      stimulated PAH uptake do not entirely overlap. Thus, our results support a simple
      transport in BBMV, but it cannot be excluded that two separate pathways are
      involved.

PMID- 3390225
TI  - Taurine prevention of calcium paradox-related damage in cardiac muscle. Its
      regulatory action on intracellular cation contents.
AB  - The present study was designed to investigate in chick heart whether oral
      pretreatment with taurine or taurine added directly to the perfusate has any
      effect upon calcium paradox-induced heart failure. In both protocols, taurine
      significantly reduced the mechanical dysfunction resulting from the calcium
      paradox. Taurine pretreatment partially inhibited the excess accumulation of
      calcium in the myocardium that occurs upon calcium repletion, and microscopy
      revealed almost normal structure. This protective effect of taurine was
      accompanied by (a) reduction of the gain of sodium content that occurs during
      calcium depletion, and (b) reduction of the late gain in calcium that occurs
      during calcium repletion. It is proposed that taurine plays a role in the
      regulation of calcium homeostasis and membrane stabilization.

PMID- 3390226
TI  - Effect of aging on hepatic elimination of cimetidine and subsequent interaction
      of aging and cimetidine on aminopyrine metabolism.
AB  - Aging and cimetidine may each impair hepatic microsomal drug metabolism. To test
      if and by what mechanisms advanced age may increase sensitivity to the inhibitory
      effects of cimetidine, the interaction of these two factors with aminopyrine
      metabolism in the rat was studied using a correlative approach. Initial studies
      using the aminopyrine breath test indicated that a 40 mg/kg dose of cimetidine,
      i.p., impaired the 14CO2 exhaled by up to 76% more in aged (26-month) than in
      young (3- to 4-month-old) rats. Using an isolated liver perfusion to dissect out
      hepatic components of this phenomenon, it was found that various doses of
      cimetidine impaired aminopyrine clearance to a greater degree (P less than 0.05)
      in aged than in young livers. However, cimetidine metabolism in this system
      ranged from 36 to 78% less in aged versus young livers (P less than 0.05).
      Subsequent in vitro studies indicated that microsomes isolated from aged livers
      also averaged a 76% lower rate of cimetidine metabolism (P less than 0.05). A
      fixed cimetidine concentration, however, inhibited aminopyrine demethylation to
      the same degree in aged versus young rats (P less than 0.05). In vivo
      pharmacokinetics showed an age-related decrease in both aminopyrine and
      cimetidine systemic clearance. In the young rat the liver contributed about 30%
      to total systemic clearance of cimetidine. In the aged rat, all clearance was
      renal. Despite a decrease in glomerular filtration rate, net tubular cimetidine
      secretion was well-maintained. Despite this, absence of the hepatic component
      resulted in decreased overall systemic clearance of the drug in aged rats. It is
      concluded that (1) the aged rat liver exhibits impaired cimetidine metabolism,
      resulting in decreased overall systemic clearance of the drug despite normal net
      renal tubular secretion, (2) there is no age-related enhanced sensitivity to
      cimetidine of the hepatic microsomal oxidizing system using aminopyrine as the
      probe drug, and (3) the larger inhibition of aminopyrine metabolism in aged rats
      following various doses of cimetidine is due to decreased overall cimetidine
      clearance, resulting in higher concentrations of the inhibitor in the liver of
      aged rats.

PMID- 3390227
TI  - Effect of solution variables on the binding of vinblastine to tubulin.
AB  - Vinblastine binding to tublin was measured in different buffers using tubulin
      prepared by two different methods and three different binding assay methods. In
      100 mM 1,4-piperazinediethanesulfonic acid (Pipes) buffer containing 1 mM MgSO4
      and 1 mM ethylene glycol bis (beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid
      (EGTA), the data appeared to be consistent with one site with a Ka value of 3.4 X
      10(6) M-1 and another site with a Ka value of 2.8 X 10(5) M-1. However, in
      buffers of lower ionic strengths and without Mg2+ the Ka values were lower. The
      lowest value (2 X 10(4) M-1) was obtained in 10 mM phosphate buffer, in which
      only one site was evident under the conditions used. Neither the binding assay
      used nor the method for tubulin preparation affected the Ka value. Using HPLC,
      aggregation induced by vinblastine was evident in buffers which gave the largest
      Ka values. Tubulin aggregation in the presence of vinblastine was also confirmed
      by analytical ultracentrifugation. The results support the proposal of Na and
      Timasheff [Biochemistry 25, 6214 (1986)] that the apparent Ka value is influenced
      by the degree of aggregation induced by vinblastine and that the intrinsic
      binding constant to the dimer is represented by the lowest value, about 2 X 10(4)
      M-1.

PMID- 3390228
TI  - Tissue specific regulation of renal N-nitrosodimethylamine-demethylase activity
      by testosterone in BALB/c mice.
AB  - Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), like several other nitrosamines, is activated by the
      enzymes--mixed-function oxidases--present in the tissue microsomal fractions,
      producing mutagenic and carcinogenic effects. Previous studies in BALB/c mice
      have shown an age, sex and androgenic regulation of NDMA-induced mutagenicity.
      The present study was designed to test the correlation between renal NDMA
      demethylase activity and previously published reports on NDMA-induced
      mutagenicity. Renal and hepatic NDMA-demethylases were determined from the
      microsomal fractions by quantitating formaldehyde. Renal NDMA-demethylase showed
      the presence of two isozymes, I and II, with Km values of 0.6 +/- 0.2 and 20.2 +/
      6.8 mM respectively. Isozyme I was detected in adult males and first appeared at
      the onset of puberty; it was absent in adult females and in immature mice. Renal
      isozyme II was detected in both males and females and was independent of age.
      Testosterone treatment of adult females resulted in the appearance of renal
      isozyme I. Castration of adult males caused a dramatic decrease in activity,
      whereas testosterone administration to such castrates increased activity, of
      renal isozyme I. Hepatic NDMA-demethylase activities were independent of age, sex
      or testosterone treatment. In conclusion, these results show an age, sex and
      tissue specific regulation of renal NDMA activity. Renal and hepatic NDMA
      demethylase activities correlated positively with earlier studies on NDMA-induced
      mutagenesis and carcinogenesis.

PMID- 3390229
TI  - Effect of deuterium substitution on the penetration of beta-phenylethylhydrazine
      into the rat brain.

PMID- 3390230
TI  - Putative binding site(s) of 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine (H-7)
      on protein kinase C.

PMID- 3390231
TI  - In vivo role of the microsomal ethanol-oxidizing system in ethanol metabolism by
      deermice lacking alcohol dehydrogenase.

PMID- 3390232
TI  - Differences in the induction of carboxylesterase isozymes in rat liver microsomes
      by xenobiotics.

PMID- 3390234
TI  - Hypophosphataemic osteomalacia and alcoholism: a possible link.
AB  - Sporadic adult-onset hypophosphataemic osteomalacia is rare and its pathogenesis
      is unknown. A renal tubular defect, acquired on a toxic basis, has been proposed
      as the mechanism. Recent evidence suggests that alcohol can cause renal tubular
      damage. The history and stigmata of alcohol abuse in the present case implicate
      alcohol as the most likely cause of this patient's hypophosphataemic
      osteomalacia.

PMID- 3390233
TI  - Human aromatase: cDNA cloning, Southern blot analysis, and assignment of the gene
      to chromosome 15.
AB  - The amino acid sequence of human placental aromatase was determined in part
      (about 40%) by microsequencing methods. Using a region of overlapping peptide
      sequences, synthetic oligonucleotide probes were constructed and used to screen a
      human placental lambda gt-11 cDNA library. Of a number of positive clones, one
      containing a 2.4-kb insert was characterized further by restriction mapping and
      determination of its nucleotide sequence. The cDNA-deduced amino acid sequence is
      in perfect agreement with the peptide sequence data, confirming that the clone
      encodes for aromatase. The sequence contains a 3' untranslated region of 1.2 kb,
      and an open-reading frame of 1.25 kb; approximately 0.3 kb is missing from the 5'
      end of the coding region. While exhibiting no more than 20-30% sequence homology
      with other mammalian cytochromes P450, it contains the highly conserved heme
      binding domain, thus confirming the essential structural requirements for this
      class of protein. Two cDNA fragments containing sequences coding for the amino-
      and carboxy-portions of the protein were used to probe for the human aromatase
      gene by Southern blotting. The results of these studies suggest the existence of
      at least two human aromatase genes. The gene encoding the aromatase cDNA we
      cloned was assigned to human chromosome 15 using somatic cell hybrids. This gene
      was mapped to band 15q21.1 by in situ hybridization studies.

PMID- 3390235
TI  - Intervention of heavy drinking--a prospective and controlled study of 438
      consecutive injured male patients.
AB  - We studied 120 injured male patients of working age who were heavy drinkers or
      alcoholics, obtaining seven points or more in the Michigan Alcoholism Screening
      Test (MAST). They were randomly allocated either to an intervention group (IG) or
      to a control group (CG). In addition to the MAST interview, the consumption of
      alcohol during the previous week prior to hospital admission was calculated and
      laboratory measures (serum GGT, ASAT and ALAT) were obtained. Counselling of the
      patients in the IG was carried out by a trained assistant nurse and a physician.
      Forty-nine patients in IG and 40 patients in CG were re-examined after 6 months.
      In the IG 45% and in the CG 20% of the patients were improved (Chi square test, P
      less than 0.05). Improvement criteria were a decrease in alcohol consumption by
      at least one-third and decrease of S-GGT by at least 20% during the follow-up
      period. In respect to the laboratory measures the groups were identical at the
      beginning of the study and after 6 months' follow-up. Our results are encouraging
      and suggest that the assessment of heavy drinking should be a routine in the
      treatment of alcohol-related injuries and that education and counselling must be
      intensive to be effective.

PMID- 3390237
TI  - Acetaldehyde-albumin adduct formation: possible relevance to an immunologic
      mechanism in alcoholism.
AB  - Acetaldehyde (A), an ethanol metabolite, was incubated with rabbit serum albumin
      (RSA) and human serum albumin (HSA) to form the corresponding soluble haptenized
      proteins, A-RSA and A-HSA respectively. Both protein adducts showed conjugation
      with acetaldehyde evidenced by more rapid anodal migration compared to RSA and
      HSA. A-RSA immunized rabbits produced titers greater than 1:100,000 by enzyme
      linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Rabbit serum antibodies to A-RSA diluted
      1:10,000 showed high specificity for the hapten when reacted with acetaldehyde
      conjugates of RSA, HSA, bovine serum albumin, bovine gamma globulin and human
      gamma globulin. Our findings support the possibility that acetaldehyde may serve
      as a hapten to form neoantigens relevant to an immunologic mechanism which might
      be associated with alcoholic liver disease.

PMID- 3390236
TI  - Increased serum acetate as a marker of problem drinking among drunken drivers.
AB  - 727 consecutive drunken drivers were studied for laboratory markers of excessive
      alcohol consumption. Serum gamma-glutamyltransferase and alanine aminotransferase
      showed no differences and aspartate aminotransferase and blood alcohol
      concentration only small differences between groups of first and repeating drunk
      driving offenders. The best laboratory test to differentiate the repeating
      offenders with probably more serious alcohol problems from the first offenders
      was in our material serum acetate, the mean serum acetate level of the repeating
      offenders being highly significantly (P less than 0.001) higher than that of the
      first offenders or nonalcoholic controls. Serum acetate also differentiated first
      offenders from nonalcoholic controls (P less than 0.001). Our results suggest
      that serum acetate could be used for the screening of problem drinking among
      drunken drivers.

PMID- 3390238
TI  - The interaction between voluntary alcohol consumption and dietary choice.
AB  - The influence of forced and voluntary alcohol intake on the choice by AA (heavy
      drinking) and ANA (light drinking) rats between carbohydrate, protein and fat was
      studied. Alcohol consumption reduced the carbohydrate intake but did not
      influence the total energy consumption. In AA rats on free choice, voluntary
      alcohol intake correlated negatively with carbohydrate consumption but positively
      with protein and water intake. It was also found that the day to day variation in
      alcohol intake was of the same order as those in carbohydrate, protein and water
      intake and smaller than that in fat consumption. These findings in addition to
      earlier observations point to a regulation of alcohol intake in rats which in
      many respects resembles the regulation of dietary choice.

PMID- 3390239
TI  - Comparison of the acute effects of ethanol on liver and skeletal muscle protein
      synthesis in the rat.
AB  - (1) The acute effects of ethanol on protein synthesis by liver and skeletal
      muscle were investigated in young (95-100 g) rats. Rats were injected
      intraperitoneally with ethanol, 75 mmol/kg body wt; controls were injected with
      isovolumetric 0.15 M NaCl. After 140 min rates of protein synthesis were measured
      by injection of a large dose of L[4(3)H]phenylalanine and at 150 min rats were
      killed. (2) Fractional rates of protein synthesis in control animals were
      approximately four to five times greater in liver than muscle. Absolute rates
      were, however, comparable in liver and skeletal muscle. Ethanol reduced the
      fractional rate of liver protein synthesis by 5-20%; the response for muscle was
      relatively greater (25-30%). The decrease in the amount of protein synthesized by
      muscle was also greater than that by liver. (3) After 150 min, plasma gamma
      glutamyl transferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate
      dehydrogenase and creatine kinase activities were all decreased by 25-60%.
      Aspartate aminotransferase activity was increased by 42%, though this was not
      statistically significant. (4) Increased plasma glucose and triglycerides in
      ethanol-dosed rats indicated that limitations in substrate supply were not
      mediating factors in reducing protein synthesis. Ethanol was also able to exert
      its effects in the presence of elevated insulin levels. A direct effect of
      ethanol, or its metabolites, on protein synthesis, is therefore implied.

PMID- 3390240
TI  - Long-term cancer risk in alcoholism.
AB  - A series of 1110 patients seen at hospitals in the Birmingham Region between 1948
      and 1971 for alcohol related conditions were followed to 1981. By means of cohort
      analysis, the incidence of cancer in the series was compared with that in the
      West Midlands Region. In men the cancer risk was increased 1.7-fold: individual
      sites at risk were liver (8-fold), buccal cavity and throat (27-fold),
      respiratory system (2.4-fold), and oesophagus (4-fold). No excess of colo-rectal
      cancers was observed. Although in women there was no overall excess of cancers,
      the risk was high in the biliary system (15-fold) and was moderately increased
      for cervix uteri (4-fold).

PMID- 3390242
TI  - Comment on Textbook on Alcoholism and Drug Abuse in the Soviet Union.

PMID- 3390243
TI  - Alcohol and mycotoxins.

PMID- 3390241
TI  - The Swedish Alcohol Use Inventory (AVI), a self-report inventory for
      differentiated diagnosis in alcoholism.
AB  - AVI is a self-report inventory intended for standardized and differentiated
      assessment and diagnosis in alcoholism; it includes 75 items adapted from Horn
      and Wanberg's Alcohol Use Inventory (AUI) and an assessment of the alcohol intake
      during a typical week of heavy drinking. The drinking profile is presented in
      five second-order factor scales: 'alcohol abuse', 'psychological benefits',
      'interpersonal complications', 'social drinking' and 'daily drinking' and in 17
      first-order factor scales. The reliability and specificity of the scales are
      satisfactory. Preliminary norms based on a sample of more than 600 alcoholic
      patients are available. Using the original American scoring and norms the results
      indicate important similarities in the alcoholism pattern between Sweden and the
      U.S.A.

PMID- 3390244
TI  - Toxicity of alcohol in states of malnutrition.

PMID- 3390245
TI  - W(h)ither alcoholism treatment.

PMID- 3390247
TI  - In vitro use of arthroscopic irrigation tubing for rapid fluid administration.
AB  - The in vitro use of arthroscopic irrigation tubing (AIT) to achieve intravenous
      flow rates superior to those of previously reported studies are described. Using
      AIT with a peripheral type of 12 GA. catheter, flow rates of 934 cc/min with
      gravity and 1,928 cc/min with pressure were achieved. AIT connected to a 12 FR.
      central-type catheter yielded flow rates in excess of 2,000 cc and 3,000 cc/min
      with gravity and pressure, respectively. Such a delivery system may be lifesaving
      in situations where there are limited venous access sites or when there is a need
      for rapid volume resuscitation with limited personnel.

PMID- 3390246
TI  - Sudden cardiac arrest in Israel: factors associated with successful
      resuscitation.
AB  - Out-of-hospital cardiac arrests were studied in Israel from 1984 to 1985. More
      than 3,500 patients in cardiac arrest received paramedic care. Eighty-three
      percent of cases were caused by underlying heart disease. Overall, 17% of
      patients with arrest caused by heart disease were admitted and 7% were discharged
      from the hospital. There was a wide variation in the percent discharged among the
      15 paramedic service areas, ranging from 0% to 13%. Factors associated with
      successful resuscitation included witnessed collapse, rhythm of ventricular
      fibrillation, short interval from collapse to cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
      and delivery of advanced cardiac life support, collapse at public location, and
      bystander initiation of CPR. Improvements in survival are likely to result if CPR
      is more frequently and promptly initiated and the time to arrival of definitive
      paramedic care can be improved.

PMID- 3390248
TI  - Pediatric intraosseous infusions: impact on vascular access time.
AB  - A 1-year retrospective chart review was performed to evaluate the effect of
      intraosseous infusions (IO) on the time required to establish vascular access in
      pediatric patients requiring immediate vascular access for resuscitation. Eighty
      one patients were identified, including 29 pulseless and non-breathing and 52
      noncardiopulmonary arrest children, who required intravenous fluids or medication
      for resuscitation. Comparing the results with a previous review, the IO method
      effectively reduced the time needed to establish vascular access in the arrested
      group when standard techniques failed, particularly in the child less than 2
      years old. The IO method was not used effectively in the non-arrest group, as
      evidenced by a significantly greater mean time required to establish vascular
      access. There were no significant complications related to the IO procedure. Nine
      (50%) of the patients receiving IO fluids or medication had clinical and/or
      laboratory evidence that these substances reached the central circulation. Early
      use of IO infusion in the resuscitation is recommended for not only the arrested
      patient, but also the critical nonarrested patient requiring immediate vascular
      access.

PMID- 3390249
TI  - Field airway management of the trauma patient: the efficacy of bag mask
      ventilation.
AB  - There is no consensus on what constitutes appropriate field airway management in
      the seriously injured semiconscious patient. The respiratory complications in a
      selected group of patients who were transported from the scene of an accident by
      a helicopter service whose policy was to perform endotracheal intubation on only
      deeply obtunded patients and manage others with bag mask ventilation are
      reported. Respiratory compromise was defined as follows: partial pressure of
      oxygen less than 65 torr on initial hospital arterial blood gases, partial
      pressure of carbon dioxide greater than 45 torr on initial hospital arterial
      blood gases, or radiographic and clinical evidence of aspiration pneumonitis
      within 5 days of admission to the hospital. From a total of 116 patients
      transported from the scene of an accident during the period of this
      investigation, there were 42 patients with Trauma Scores between 4 and 14 whose
      records were studied in detail. Ten of these patients ha adequate perfusion and
      abnormal arterial blood gases after arrival at the receiving hospital. Five
      patients might have benefited from endotracheal intubation in the field, but
      there were no preventable deaths. Neurologic status of the patient appeared to be
      more useful than respiratory status in predicting respiratory compromise.

PMID- 3390250
TI  - The use of transthoracic electrical bioimpedance in assessing thoracic fluid
      status in emergency department patients.
AB  - Baseline transthoracic electrical bioimpedance (Z) was measured in 26 seriously
      ill emergency department (ED) patients in order to determine the usefulness of
      this noninvasive method of assessing thoracic fluid (TF) status. Patients were
      divided, on the basis of clinical and radiographic information, into three
      groups: group A (11 patients), with clinically normal TF status; group B (12
      patients), with elevated TF status; and group C (3 patients), with decreased TF
      status. The mean Z values measured in each group were: 26.5 ohms in group A, 21.8
      ohms in group B, and 37.4 ohms in group C (differences significant at P less than
      .02). Using a cutoff Z value of 24.0 ohms would have predicted group B
      individuals with a sensitivity of 92% and a specificity of 79%. In eleven
      patients, impedance measurement would have added information that confirmed
      diagnostic suspicions or suggested the diagnosis earlier than would otherwise
      have occurred. In five patients, real-time changes in Z were potentially useful
      in guiding and monitoring the results of therapeutic interventions or changes in
      clinical condition. This study demonstrates that Z measurement and real-time
      monitoring can be a useful and noninvasive means of assessing TF status in ED
      patients. However, it may be most helpful in those patients whose TF status is
      changing or unstable.

PMID- 3390251
TI  - Delayed hemiparesis following nonpenetrating carotid artery trauma.
AB  - A 21-year-old man developed transient, recurring right arm and leg weakness 2
      weeks after a motorcycle accident. He ultimately proved to have an intimal tear
      and thrombosis of the left internal carotid artery with transient cerebral
      ischemia due to distal emboli. Neurologic deficits eventually resolved after
      anticoagulation and balloon occlusion of the vessel. The differential diagnosis
      of the patient's presentation is discussed, and the topic of nonpenetrating
      trauma of the carotid artery is reviewed, with special attention to mechanism of
      injury and clinical presentation.

PMID- 3390252
TI  - Hyperthermia, hypertension, hypertonia, and coma in a massive thioridazine
      overdose.
AB  - This report characterizes an atypical presentation of a thioridazine overdose.
      Clinical manifestations included wide Q.R.S. complex, hyperthermia, hypertension,
      hypertonia, and coma. Plasma catecholamine levels were markedly elevated. The
      patient was treated with dantrolene sodium and supportive care. The patient's
      condition improved over time, with questionable response to dantrolene sodium.
      Supportive care was the mainstay of treatment.

PMID- 3390253
TI  - Hematometra presenting as acute appendicitis: a case report.
AB  - A case of intrauterine blood passing into the abdominal cavity and resulting in a
      clinical picture similar to acute appendicitis is presented. To our knowledge,
      hematometra presenting in this manner has not been reported in the medical
      literature. Some disease processes which more commonly mimic acute appendicitis
      include nonspecific mesenteric adenitis, gynecologic disorders, diverticulitis,
      and urinary tract infection. Unusual diseases presenting in this manner include
      splenic torsion, infarcted omentum, ileocecal tuberculosis, and duodenal
      hematoma.

PMID- 3390254
TI  - Intraosseous infusion of muscle relaxants.
AB  - This case report presents the resuscitation of a 6 1/2-month-old child with
      elevated intracranial pressure, seizure activity, and a presumptive diagnosis of
      shaken child syndrome. It is unique in the usage of an intraosseous infusion line
      for the administration of muscle relaxants and anesthetic agents to aid in an
      atraumatic intubation in this head-injured child. This is an original report of
      the usage of the intraosseous line for the administration of succinylcholine
      chloride, atracurium besylate, and thiopental sodium.

PMID- 3390255
TI  - Chemical burns secondary to elemental metal exposure: two case reports.
AB  - Elemental metal may react when exposed to water or moist air, producing both
      chemical and thermal burns. Two cases are reviewed: one involving the outpatient
      treatment of burns secondary to an elemental sodium exposure, and one involving
      the inpatient treatment of burns secondary to an elemental potassium exposure.
      Water is contraindicated in the initial management of such exposures. The wound
      should be covered with oil until removal of any unreacted metal is completed.
      Burns may then be regarded similarly to alkali exposures.

PMID- 3390256
TI  - Cactus spine injuries.
AB  - Cactus spines produce injuries whose clinical significance is loosely in inverse
      proportion to the dimensions of the spine. Long and medium spines of saguaro and
      barrel cacti seldom result in embedded fragments, but when they do they are
      difficult to locate and remove. Other medium spines, those of prickly pear and
      cholla, are a nuisance but they can be removed readily by traction, as can the
      smaller spines (glochids) of the prickly pear. The very small spines (also
      glochids) of the polka dot or bunny's ear cactus (Opuntia microdasys) and the
      beavertail cactus (Opuntia basilaris) offer the most frustrating problem of all,
      but can be peeled off with a dried film of a professional facial gel.

PMID- 3390257
TI  - Emergency physician stress and morbidity.

PMID- 3390258
TI  - Initiating a surveillance system for childhood injuries.
AB  - Important considerations in establishing a surveillance system for pediatric
      injuries are described. At the start of surveillance, issues such as the purpose
      of the surveillance project, preferred methods for gathering information, optimum
      sites, appropriate populations, and requirements for data storage and analysis
      should be addressed. Since the epidemiology of childhood injuries is different
      from adult patterns, some specific challenges of pediatric injury surveillance
      are highlighted.

PMID- 3390259
TI  - Cases in electrocardiography.

PMID- 3390260
TI  - Emergency medicine and the developing world.
AB  - The developing countries of the world represent a new environment in which to
      apply the unique expertise and knowledge of emergency medicine. With an
      understanding of the cultural, political and economic forces that affect health
      care in developing countries, American emergency physicians should consider
      collaboration with their counterparts in developing countries in such areas as
      prehospital care systems, trauma care, disaster management, poison information
      and management systems, and education related to clinical services,
      administration, and research methods in emergency medicine. Such collaboration
      can broaden the field of emergency medicine and fulfill individual humanitarian
      goals.

PMID- 3390261
TI  - Emergency medicine: hospital based?

PMID- 3390262
TI  - Four-year residency training redux.

PMID- 3390263
TI  - Reorganizing academic emergency medicine: Who? Why? How?

PMID- 3390264
TI  - Diagnosis and management of testicular torsion.

PMID- 3390265
TI  - Credentialing of emergency physicians.

PMID- 3390266
TI  - Bilateral common peroneal nerve palsy secondary to prolonged squatting in natural
      childbirth.

PMID- 3390267
TI  - Intermittent brachial plexus neuropathy secondary to breast engorgement.

PMID- 3390268
TI  - Entrapment neuropathies in birth and breastfeeding.

PMID- 3390269
TI  - Mothers' beginning relationship with twins.

PMID- 3390270
TI  - Water baby: experiences of water birth.

PMID- 3390271
TI  - Outcomes of postpartum early discharge 1960-1986, a comparative review.

PMID- 3390272
TI  - Community versus hospital 'perinatal' services.

PMID- 3390273
TI  - Midwifery comes to Canada.

PMID- 3390274
TI  - Current practices of intravenous fluid administration may cause more harm than
      good.

PMID- 3390275
TI  - The use of intravenous fluids during labor.

PMID- 3390276
TI  - Reconsidering the risks and benefits of intravenous infusion in labor.

PMID- 3390278
TI  - The case against a more liberal food and fluid policy in labor.

PMID- 3390277
TI  - Cross-cultural perspectives on birth practices.

PMID- 3390279
TI  - A retrospective evaluation of a model of midwifery care.

PMID- 3390280
TI  - Anomalous drainage of the common bile duct: demonstration by hepatobiliary
      imaging.

PMID- 3390281
TI  - Psychotherapy of drug dependent patients: an introduction.

PMID- 3390282
TI  - Brain death: a personal perspective.

PMID- 3390283
TI  - Condoms as barriers against HIV.

PMID- 3390284
TI  - Automated histometry in fibrocystic breast disease.
AB  - Ductal epithelial proliferations of the mammary gland in biopsy material from 101
      patients, including 52 with proliferative fibrocystic disease (mastopathy), were
      quantitatively analyzed by means of the Robotron A 6471 system together with
      AMBA/R software. Based on reproducible data obtained for distinct karyometric and
      histometric features, significant differences were found to exist between
      epithelial proliferations without atypical hyperplasia (mastopathy II) and those
      with atypia (mastopathy III). The multiparameter analysis also produced some
      hints that cases of proliferative mastopathy III can be divided into two groups
      having different risks of developing carcinoma.

PMID- 3390285
TI  - Quantitation of fibrosis in liver biopsies.
AB  - After 15 years of subjectively estimating the degree of fibrosis in liver
      biopsies stained with Sirius red F3BA, the amounts of Sirius red-stained fibrotic
      areas were quantitated with the help of a Cortex IQ 130 image quantifier. The
      percentage of Sirius red-stained areas was lowest in normal livers, increasing
      significantly in fatty livers, with stepwise higher values in chronic persistent
      hepatitis, toxic damage, chronic active hepatitis, fatty livers with obvious
      fibrosis, biliary cirrhosis and portal cirrhosis. Cases of portal cirrhosis had
      tenfold higher values than did normal livers. The results indicate that Sirius
      red is a reliable histochemical stain that can be used to quantitatively
      demonstrate the various degrees of fibrosis in liver biopsies.

PMID- 3390286
TI  - Morphometric assessment of bone marrow fiber content in acute nonlymphatic
      leukemia at presentation.
AB  - The number of intersections of reticulin fibers per sq mm of fat cell-free marrow
      parenchyma with the lines of a grid ocular (i/sq mm) represents an objective
      measure of the bone marrow reticulin fiber content. This method was used to
      assess the reticulin fiber content of bone marrow biopsies from 50 cases of acute
      nonlymphatic leukemia (ANLL) at presentation and 20 controls. Seventeen (34%) of
      the 50 patients with ANLL showed fibrosis, i.e., had a reticulin fiber score
      above the upper 99% confidence limit of the mean of 20 normal control biopsies.
      The frequencies of marrow fibrosis, as defined above, were 47% (16 of 34) in the
      combined subtypes of undifferentiated (M0), myeloid (M1), myelomonocytic (M4) and
      monocytic (M5) acute leukemia and 7% (1 of 15) in the combined subtypes of acute
      myeloid leukemia with partial maturation (M2) and acute promyelocytic leukemia
      (M3) (P less than .01). The fibrosis scores of M0/M1/M4/M5 patients were
      significantly higher than those of M2/M3 patients (P less than .05) and of
      controls (P less than .005). Finally, the survival of patients with and without
      fibrosis was not different.

PMID- 3390287
TI  - A method for the quantitation of intestinal metaplasia of the stomach by
      morphometry.
AB  - A novel method to quantitate the extent of intestinal metaplasia in gastrectomy
      specimens is presented. Morphometric measurements of histochemically labeled
      mucin-producing goblet cells were done in three selected gastrectomies (one
      having a peptic ulcer, one with adenocarcinoma of the intestinal type, and one
      with adenocarcinoma of the diffuse type). The sectioning of the gastrectomy
      specimens was standardized. The results indicated that the intestinal metaplasia
      was significantly higher in the specimen with adenocarcinoma of the intestinal
      type (as compared to the other two specimens), both along the lesser and greater
      curvatures as well as in the fundic area. These quantitative results confirm
      nonquantitative reports based on subjective visual impressions. This quantitative
      histochemical method for measuring the actual length as well as the topographical
      distribution of intestinal metaplasia in resected stomachs will be used in future
      studies of intestinal metaplasia with the aim of disclosing possible differences
      among populations with disparate incidences of gastric carcinoma.

PMID- 3390288
TI  - Cytophotometric determination of DNA in mesotheliomas and reactive mesothelial
      cells.
AB  - Cytophotometry was used to study the nuclear DNA content of cells in Feulgen
      stained effusion specimens from 18 patients with mesothelioma and 14 patients
      with reactive mesothelial proliferations. The mean DNA content (MDNA) of
      mesothelioma cells was significantly higher than that of reactive mesothelial
      cells (P less than .001). Other parameters reflecting the DNA content also
      differed significantly between the two kinds of cells, including (1) the ratio of
      mean mesothelial DNA to mean lymphocyte DNA, (2) the percentage of mesothelial
      cells with DNA content exceeding three times the lymphocyte MDNA and (3) the
      coefficient of variation of the DNA content. Since these parameters were highly
      correlated, only one was accepted in a stepwise linear discriminant model for
      distinguishing reactive from mesotheliomatous effusions. The model correctly
      classified all of the reactive effusions studied and 89% of the mesotheliomatous
      effusions. These results indicate that DNA analysis, using the Feulgen stain and
      cytophotometry, yields criteria that may be useful in distinguishing benign
      reactive mesothelial cells from malignant mesothelioma in effusions when used in
      conjunction with other traditional parameters.

PMID- 3390289
TI  - Modal DNA values of normal and malignant urothelial cells of the bladder in
      relation to nuclear size.
AB  - In a study of the correlation between mean nuclear size and DNA content in
      urinary bladder carcinoma, the modal DNA values of cell suspensions from 125
      biopsies, obtained from 86 patients with malignant or normal urinary bladder
      epithelium, were analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM). Light microscopic measurements
      of nuclear size were carried out on smears from the same material. The results
      were correlated to the histopathologic stage and grade. The mean nuclear volumes
      were significantly larger in diploid tumor cells than in cells of normal
      epithelium. Aneuploid tumors showed significantly larger nuclei than did diploid
      tumors. Although there was a significant correlation between increases in the
      nuclear volume and in the DNA content, there was some overlapping between various
      grades of malignancy: mean nuclear volumes in aneuploid grade 2 tumors did not
      differ from those in aneuploid grade 3 tumors. A combination of FCM and
      morphometry discriminated all but 16% of the tumors from the normal cases. It is
      concluded that FCM and morphometry are complementary and can be used for the
      objective characterization of urinary bladder carcinomas.

PMID- 3390290
TI  - Digital imaging analysis of normal, hyperplastic and malignant endometrial cells
      in endometrial brushing samples.
AB  - Sixty cytologic specimens obtained by endometrial brushing (using the Gynecyte
      device) were quantitated by digital imaging techniques. These samples included 25
      from normal endometria, 6 from persistent proliferative endometria, 14 from
      cystic or adenomatous hyperplasias and 15 from carcinomas. The morphometric
      parameters surveyed included mean cell area, nuclear area, perimeter and long and
      short axes. The amount of hematoxylin dye in the nuclei was expressed by mean
      transmittance (mean of gray levels) and chromatin index (standard deviation of
      gray levels). The frequency distributions of cells derived from normal tissue and
      persistent proliferative endometrium were quite similar. The quantitative
      parameters of cystic and adenomatous hyperplasia, although intermediate between
      those of normal endometrium and carcinoma, were closer to the former than to the
      latter. Using stepwise discriminant analysis of the morphometric parameters, 83%
      of the specimens were correctly classified into the categories of
      normal/persistent proliferative, hyperplasia and carcinoma. The accuracy was
      improved to 88% when densitometric parameters were added. This study demonstrates
      the potential application of digital imaging techniques to the distinction and
      classification of normal, hyperplastic and malignant endometrial cells.

PMID- 3390291
TI  - Automated measurement of kidney lysosomes by light microscopy. Influence of
      cyclosporine treatment.
AB  - After staining for acid phosphatase, video images were acquired from 1-micron
      sections of the kidneys of rats treated with cyclosporine. Automated segmentation
      of the lysosomes was followed by measurements of their area, number and optical
      density; tubular area was delineated manually. In addition to small lysosomes,
      representing more than 80% of the total number, all kidneys contained a second
      population of larger organelles. Cyclosporine treatment with 50 mg/kg/day for one
      week and with 25 mg/kg/day for three weeks, but not with 25 mg/kg/day for one
      week, induced a significant increase of lysosomal area, especially in the larger
      organelles (+200%). In a few animals, this was accompanied by a reduction in the
      number of lysosomes, suggesting a fusion of the organelles. Other parameters were
      not consistently modified by treatment. Cyclosporine treatment also elicited the
      appearance of fat droplets; however, lysosomes were not enlarged in tubular cells
      containing fat droplets.

PMID- 3390292
TI  - Reproducibility of counting immunoglobulin-containing cells in colonic mucosal
      biopsies.
AB  - Counting immunoglobulin (Ig)-containing cells in colonic mucosal biopsies can
      help to objectively support the differential diagnosis of ulcerative colitis and
      Crohn's disease. Before a method for counting Ig-containing cells can be applied
      in a clinical setting, however, its reproducibility must be determined. This
      study investigated the reproducibility of two different methods for counting such
      cells. The use of a light microscope with an ocular grid resulted in a slightly
      better reproducibility than did the use of a projection microscope with a
      graphics tablet. Moreover, the ocular grid method had a higher efficiency. The
      counting of IgM- and IgG-containing cells had a considerably higher
      reproducibility than did the counting of IgA-containing cells. To determine the
      minimal number of cells to be counted in order to ascertain a stabilized mean
      number of Ig-containing cells, the running means of counts of Ig-containing cells
      were calculated for two observers. When at least 600 Ig-containing cells (i.e.,
      two to four fields) were counted, the interobserver variation of the running
      means was less than 10% for IgA and IgG counts and less than 5% for IgM counts.
      Since earlier studies showed differences in the counts of IgA-, IgG- and IgM
      containing cells between ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease to be,
      respectively, 3%, 25% and 28%, the results of the present study suggest that the
      proposed counting method can be useful in the differentiation between these
      entities.

PMID- 3390293
TI  - [Clinical value of the determination of serum IgE in allergy to cow's milk
      proteins in infants].
AB  - The serum IgE, that are associated to the process of the immediate allergy are
      studied in children presenting a clinical semiology suggestive of intolerance to
      the cow-milk proteins, in order to specify their contribution in the diagnosis
      and the follow-up of this disease. The serum IgE are determined by the PRIST
      method and the presence of the milk proteins specific IgE, by the RAST method. In
      infants (n = 80) fed with infant formula and less than 4 months old, if it
      obviously appeared an increase of the global IgE with the age, on the other hand,
      no one had specific IgE to the cow-milk proteins. The same methods were used in
      children presenting a clinical semiology of IPLV. It appeared these children
      could be separated in 2 groups according to the presence or the absence of extra
      digestive symptoms (urticaria...). There is significant increase of the global
      IgE level and the first group, but not in the second one. The two main allergens
      more frequently implicated are the alpha-lactalbumin and the beta lactaglobulin.
      Meanwhile the RAST efficiency is better for the global allergen to the cow-milk.
      Meanwhile, the determination of the specific IgE to the milk PLV does not present
      a prognosis interest. In fact, the success of a milk proteins reintroduction is
      not necessarily correlated with a previous negativation of RAST.

PMID- 3390294
TI  - [Allergy to Hymenoptera venoms: determination of total and specific IgE,
      correlations with skin tests].

PMID- 3390295
TI  - [Sequential analysis of specific IgE and IgG titres as a function of the
      cumulated doses of venoms injected in allergies to Hymenoptera and correlation
      with specific IgE, clinical manifestations and skin tests].
AB  - The numbers of IgE and specific IgE in ten desensitized to wasp-venom patients
      are retrospectively analysed, in order to study their variation according to the
      cumulated dose of administered venom during the desensitization (mean-time 18.4
      months). Our results allow to find after a latency period, a growth of the
      specific IgE number, then their gradual decrease, while the specific IgE number
      gradually rises to reach a deal-level.

PMID- 3390296
TI  - [Course of food RAST in skin, digestive and respiratory manifestations in
      children].
AB  - 60 children aged 3 months to 5 years (mean age 2 years) with early onset symptoms
      (cutaneous, respiratory or gastrointestinal) after ingestion of cow's milk, egg
      or fish, were investigated with skin prick tests, dosage of total IgE and
      specific IgE against these 3 food antigens. The case finding criteria used was
      positive elimination and challenge tests with the offending foods. In those
      instances in which intolerance to more than one food was suspected, cow's milk,
      egg and fish were reintroduced separately after remissions of symptoms with food
      exclusion. Specific IgE (Phadebas RAST) against the offending foods were found in
      70% of cases, with early onset symptoms. RAST higher than 0.35 PRU were
      considered positive. Results showed that specific IgE antibodies in the serum
      tend to diminish with time: faster with cow's milk than with egg and specially
      fish. A sample of 15 children out of the 42 patients with positive RAST was
      followed up during a period of 3 years. 20 of them were treated with Nalcron,
      five with Ketotifen, and seventeen with both drugs. Eleven children were greatly
      improved or improved (74%) there was no clinical change in 4 (26%). Three groups
      can be considered: - One group with normal IgE levels after 2 years with no
      clinical symptoms/and no relapse after food challenge. - A second group with no
      symptom or mild symptoms with positive low levels of IgE. - The third group with
      resisting allergy to foods remains RAST positive. We conclude that frequency of
      positive RAST against food allergens is relatively high. High concentrations of
      IgE antibodies are almost exclusively seen in infants with an atopic disease.

PMID- 3390298
TI  - Encouragement for hospice corporate giving. Emotionality, environment,
      effectiveness.

PMID- 3390297
TI  - [Development of anti-cow's milk IgE in weaning allergy].
AB  - The cow-milk weaning sometimes comes with urticaria or others allergic signs, in
      relation with the anti cow-milk IgE presence, which rate was studied in 30
      children at the time of the accident, after the putting back to the breast
      feeding or a hydrolyzed proteins milk and after reintroduction of the cow-milk.
      They disappear in three cases out of four, shortly after the cow-milk
      suppression. They reappear in one case out of three from the reintroduction.
      Carried on CGDS or Ketotifen , the cow-milk tolerance was quickly obtained even
      in the children who conserved anti-cow milk IgE, and after the treatment stop. A
      spontaneous tolerance after the initial accident is possible. The characteristics
      of the anti-cow milk IgE response in the breast-fed new-born child are examined.

PMID- 3390299
TI  - Staff support is essential to hospice care for children.

PMID- 3390300
TI  - Understanding and managing depression.

PMID- 3390301
TI  - Bannock bereavement retreat. A camping experience for surviving children.

PMID- 3390302
TI  - Hospice in an inpatient setting. Forging alliances with other facilities.

PMID- 3390303
TI  - Spirituality and the caregiver. Developing an underutilized facet of care.

PMID- 3390304
TI  - Factors affecting the availability of volunteer nurses. Support, rewards critical
      to retaining volunteers.

PMID- 3390305
TI  - About our children. Providing a referral system for families.

PMID- 3390306
TI  - Pain management: an overview.

PMID- 3390307
TI  - AIDS and the hidden epidemic of grief. A personal experience.

PMID- 3390308
TI  - A comprehensive bereavement support program. An outline for development.

PMID- 3390309
TI  - A lesson in caring. A volunteer's salute.

PMID- 3390310
TI  - Perceptions and services of hospice volunteers. An evaluation of Wisconsin
      hospices.

PMID- 3390311
TI  - About our children. Approaching grief for parents and siblings.

PMID- 3390312
TI  - Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA).

PMID- 3390313
TI  - Ethnic and cultural dimensions of work with hospice families. Allowing latitude
      for religious differences.

PMID- 3390314
TI  - Rose Clay--creative networking in the care of a hospice patient.

PMID- 3390315
TI  - Strategies for the retention of hospice home care nurses. Maintaining quality
      care.

PMID- 3390316
TI  - The role of spiritual care in hospice. Are we meeting patients' needs?

PMID- 3390317
TI  - Families with a terminally ill member. A grounded theory of family relationships.

PMID- 3390318
TI  - Sensory-perceptual experiences of bereaved individuals. Additional cues for
      survivors.

PMID- 3390319
TI  - Anatomical relationship between kallikrein-containing tubules and the
      juxtaglomerular apparatus in the human kidney.
AB  - Current evidence suggests a functional and biochemical link between the renin and
      the kallikrein systems. The purpose of this work was to study the localization of
      kallikrein along the human nephron to elucidate whether there exists an
      anatomical base for such interrelation. Serial sections of human kidney tissue
      were stained by immunocytochemical methods with antisera against kallikrein.
      Kallikrein immunostaining was observed exclusively in segments of the distal
      nephron lying in the cortical labyrinths and forming arcades in its distal
      portion. Consistently the tubules containing kallikrein established a close
      anatomical relationship with the afferent arteriole of the juxtaglomerular
      apparatus providing an anatomical base for an interaction between the renin and
      kallikrein systems in the human kidney.

PMID- 3390321
TI  - Extrarenal role of aldosterone in the regulation of blood pressure.
AB  - To assess the hypothesis that aldosterone may have direct vasoconstrictive
      action, the acute effects of canrenoate potassium (Soldactone, S), an aldosterone
      antagonist, on hemodynamics and hormonal responses were determined before and
      after the intravenous administration of 2 mg/kg S in 11 patients with primary
      aldosteronism (PA), 9 patients with essential hypertension (EH), and 5 patients
      with renovascular hypertension (RVH). S caused a significant -12 +/- 2 mm Hg
      decrease in MBP in PA, -5 +/- 2 mm Hg in EH, and -4 +/- 1 mm Hg in RVH. Reduction
      in MBP was significantly higher in PA than in the others and there was a negative
      correlation between changes in MBP and basal PAC. The cardiac index did not
      change throughout the study in all groups, which led to a significant reduction
      in total peripheral resistance index (TPRI) in PA but not in the others. There
      was a significant correlation between changes in MBP and TPRI (r = 0.82, p less
      than 0.01). PRA did not change throughout the study, but PAC and cortisol were
      significantly elevated. There were no correlations between changes in MBP and
      hormonal responses. In conclusion, S resulted in a significant reduction of MBP
      mediated by a significant reduction of TPRI. These results suggest that
      aldosterone may have direct vasoconstrictive action and this extrarenal effect of
      aldosterone may be involved in the regulation of blood pressure.

PMID- 3390322
TI  - The role of chloride in the sympathetic nervous system in DOCA-salt hypertension.
AB  - Elevation in blood pressure in the deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-treated rat
      with a high-sodium, normal-chloride diet was less than that in the DOCA-salt rat
      not on such a diet. Compared with the DOCA-salt rat, there were greater sodium
      concentration in the carcass, and less norepinephrine turnover rates in the heart
      and the spleen than in the DOCA treated rat given a high sodium normal chloride
      diet. Extracellular fluid volumes were similar. These results suggest that not
      only water and sodium retention by sodium loading but also that activation in
      sympathetic nervous system by the combined effect of chloride and sodium are
      responsible for the development of DOCA-salt hypertension.

PMID- 3390320
TI  - Changes in 5 alpha- and 5 beta-reductase pathways of aldosterone metabolism by
      dietary sodium.
AB  - The effects of dietary Na+ on 5 alpha- and 5 beta-reductase pathways of
      aldosterone metabolism in the liver were studied in male rats maintained on low,
      control, and high Na+ diets. A high Na+ diet caused significant increases in the
      synthesis of 5 beta-reduced metabolites, primarily 3 alpha, 5 beta
      tetrahydroaldosterone; whereas a low Na+ diet stimulated the 5 alpha-reductase
      pathway causing increases in the synthesis of 5 alpha-dihydroaldosterone and 3
      beta 5 alpha-tetrahydroaldosterone, as well as certain polar, hydroxylated
      metabolites of aldosterone. These studies demonstrate that dietary Na+, a known
      regulator of aldosterone synthesis, may also regulate enzymes involved in
      aldosterone metabolism in peripheral tissues.

PMID- 3390323
TI  - Increased extracellular concentration of norepinephrine in the hypothalamus by
      sinoaortic denervation.
AB  - To determine whether baroreflex can affect the norepinephrine system in the
      hypothalamus, the extracellular concentration of norepinephrine were measured by
      the brain dialysis technique in sinoaortic denervated rats (SAD). Twenty-four
      hours after sinoaortic denervation, systolic blood pressure and heart rate were
      significantly elevated, and norepinephrine concentration in perfusate of the
      posterior hypothalamus was significantly higher in SAD rats than in sham-operated
      rats. These results suggest that baroreflex could modify the activity of
      noradrenergic neuron projecting to the posterior hypothalamus.

PMID- 3390325
TI  - Echocardiographic evaluation of children with and without family history of
      essential hypertension.
AB  - A family history of hypertension is considered a risk factor for developing
      hypertension. We studied two groups of normotensive children (aged 14 years): one
      comprising 14 subjects with family history of hypertension, the other comprising
      15 subjects without family history of hypertension. Children were comparable with
      respect to age, weight, height, body surface area, heart rate, and arterial blood
      pressure. M-mode echocardiography demonstrated higher interventricular
      septum/posterior wall ratio in progeny of hypertensive subjects. Interestingly,
      all the parameters evaluated were within the normal limits. Our data suggest that
      a certain degree of cardiac changes is present in children with positive family
      history of hypertension, though further studies are needed before considering
      these findings predictive of future essential hypertension.

PMID- 3390324
TI  - Prediction of renovascular hypertension. Comparison of clinical diagnostic
      indices.
AB  - One hundred and six patients were determined to have renovascular hypertension
      (RVH) out of 3520 patients with hypertension referred by their physicians for a 1
      day blood pressure study (1-day BP study) to evaluate the presence of secondary
      forms of hypertension. The clinical indices (including serum potassium and
      creatinine concentrations) most likely to predict RVH were analyzed. Patients
      unlikely to have RVH were those with a diastolic blood pressure (DBP) less than
      or equal to 90 mm Hg (with or without BP medication) with a serum potassium
      concentration less than 3.4 mEq/L. A two- to threefold increased prevalence of
      RVH was associated with DBP greater than 110 mm Hg, an age of onset of
      hypertension of 51-69 years, or age of onset greater than 60 years with a DBP
      less than or equal to 100 mm Hg. A four- to sixfold increase came with an age of
      onset greater than 60 years, serum potassium (with or without BP medication) 2.9
      3.3 mEq/L, or serum potassium less than 3.4 mEq/L with DBP greater than 90 mm Hg.
      A seven- to ninefold increase came with age of onset greater than 60 years with
      DBP greater than 110 mm Hg or serum potassium (with or without BP medication) of
      2.3-2.8 mEq/L.

PMID- 3390326
TI  - Changes in smell acuity induced by radiation exposure of the olfactory mucosa.
AB  - The effects of ionizing radiation on smell acuity were assessed in 12 patients in
      whom the olfactory mucosa was exposed to radiation in the course of treatment for
      nasopharyngeal carcinoma or pituitary adenoma. Olfactory detection thresholds for
      two odorants (amyl acetate and eugenol) were determined before the start of
      radiation therapy, within a week of termination of therapy, and 1, 3, and 6
      months later. The results show clearly that smell acuity is profoundly affected
      by therapeutic irradiation. Thresholds had increased in all 12 patients by the
      end of treatment and were still high one month later. Varying degrees of recovery
      were noted in most patients three to six months after cessation of treatment. The
      fate of the sense of smell deserves more attention when considering the
      disability caused by irradiation to certain head and neck tumors.

PMID- 3390327
TI  - Prevalence of incidental abnormalities on computed tomographic scans of the
      paranasal sinuses.
AB  - A prospective analysis of 666 patients was performed to examine the prevalence of
      radiologic abnormalities of the paranasal sinuses in asymptomatic adults. The
      initial sample group included 1000 patients who were referred for cranial
      computed tomographic scans for conditions such as head injuries and seizures.
      Patients in whom there was clinical suspicion of sinus disease were excluded from
      the study. A questionnaire was completed by each patient and cranial computed
      tomography, including magnetic resonance imaging of the paranasal sinuses, was
      performed. Abnormality of one or more of the paranasal sinuses was reported in
      42.5% of scans. Mucosal thickening in the ethmoid sinus was the abnormality most
      often identified. The high frequency of reported radiologic abnormalities in
      asymptomatic patients highlights the importance of correlation with the clinical
      presentation when interpreting computed tomographic scans of the paranasal
      sinuses.

PMID- 3390328
TI  - Sinusitis in the nasotracheally intubated patient.
AB  - Maxillary sinusitis as a complication of nasotracheal intubation has long been
      recognized as difficult to diagnose and equally difficult to treat. To better
      define this problem from a diagnostic and therapeutic standpoint, we studied
      patients admitted to the surgical intensive care unit at the University of Texas
      Health Science Center at Houston-Hermann Hospital over a six-month period. During
      this time, we identified 19 cases of maxillary sinusitis. Diagnostic criteria
      included fever, leukocytosis, purulent rhinorrhea, and maxillary sinus
      opacification or air fluid level noted on sinus roentgenograms. Patients who met
      these criteria underwent maxillary sinus aspiration. Sixteen patients were
      receiving antibiotic therapy when sinusitis was diagnosed. All patients had their
      endotracheal tubes replaced orally, had diseased maxillary antra lavaged, and
      underwent appropriate antibiotic therapy guided by culture and sensitivity
      studies. Four of 19 patients required more than one sinus lavage, but all
      patients had their sinus disease resolve. These data suggest an aggressive
      approach to diagnosing sinusitis in the nasotracheally intubated patient is
      needed. A maxillary sinus aspiration and lavage should be an integral part of the
      diagnosis and treatment of these patients.

PMID- 3390329
TI  - Factors associated with active, refractory epistaxis.
AB  - This study addresses the underlying causes responsible for the severity and
      persistence of active, refractory epistaxis. Seventy-five patients referred
      because of treatment failure by primary care physicians showed hypertension and
      aspirin and alcohol abuse to be major factors in the refractory nature of their
      epistaxis. The majority of bleeding was located near the posterior floor of the
      nasal cavity and just posterior to Kiesselbach's plexus and was only associated
      with septal deviation, spurring, or mucosal abnormalities in 16 of the 75
      patients. Seventeen of 67 outpatients required hospitalization. Standard
      laboratory tests were often inadequate determinants of etiology. Intractable
      epistaxis should be a signal for a thorough investigation of factors that
      influence clotting.

PMID- 3390330
TI  - Extension of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and otitis media with effusion.
AB  - In 35 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma that occupied the fossa of
      Rosenmuller, the relationship of the tumor, assessed by computed tomographic
      scans, to otitis media with effusion and ventilatory function of the eustachian
      tube was examined. Incidence of otitis media with effusion was low when the tumor
      was limited to the fossa of Rosenmuller (stage I), and high when the tumor
      extended from the fossa to the parapharyngeal space (stage II). Passive opening
      of the eustachian tube remained normal until the tumor occupied the
      parapharyngeal space (stage III). However, active tubal opening was impaired in
      stage I and the impairment increased with the tumor stage. These results indicate
      that tumor extension from the fossa of Rosenmuller to the parapharyngeal space
      and resultant poor active tubal opening cause the development of otitis media
      with effusion in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

PMID- 3390331
TI  - Laryngeal reconstruction by composite nasoseptal graft after extended partial
      laryngectomy. Twelve-year follow-up.
AB  - Reconstruction of the larynx after extended frontal, frontolateral, or subtotal
      laryngectomy is a challenge to the head and neck surgeon. Over the last 12 years
      we have used autogenous composite nasoseptal grafts for rehabilitation of the
      larynx after extended partial laryngectomy in carcinoma invading the anterior
      commissure of the glottis. The composite graft proved to be an excellent
      replacement tissue and provided a dependable rigid cartilaginous wall lined by
      respiratory mucosa. The effectiveness of the procedure in bridging the laryngeal
      defect was successfully demonstrated in 29 patients. Good functional results were
      achieved in all of them. In our experience the nasoseptal graft is a safe and
      reliable single-stage procedure that provides a relatively easy and early
      laryngeal rehabilitation.

PMID- 3390332
TI  - Paragangliomas of the head and neck.
AB  - The medical records of 64 patients with paraganglioma of the head and neck seen
      between 1954 and 1984 at the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Hospital, Houston,
      were reviewed. Lesions were found in the carotid body (n = 24), jugulotympanic
      area (n = 37), vagal nerve (n = 4), and larynx (n = 1). A hereditary pattern was
      identified in six patients (9%). Metastases developed and caused the death of two
      patients (8%). No functional secreting tumors were identified. Paragangliomas are
      often misdiagnosed, both clinically and pathologically. Angiography is the
      definitive clinical study for diagnosis and treatment planning. Computed
      tomographic scanning further defines extent of the disease. Lesions in the neck
      are effectively treated by surgery. Jugulotympanic tumors can be successfully
      managed by surgery, radiation therapy, or a combination of both depending on the
      size and extent of the tumor. Secondary treatment of residual disease can be as
      effective as primary treatment.

PMID- 3390334
TI  - Changes of the permeability of round window membrane in otitis media.
AB  - The effects of endotoxin, exotoxin, and otitis media on the permeability of the
      round window membrane (RWM) in chinchillas was investigated by detecting
      tetraethylammonium chloride, applied to the RWM, using a potassium-selective
      microelectrode in the scala tympani. The RWM, 48 hours following the application
      of endotoxin or exotoxin, became significantly more permeable to
      tetraethylammonium chloride than the normal RWM. Two weeks after the obstruction
      of the eustachian tube, the permeability of the RWM was decreased. These results
      suggest that bacterial toxins and the consequential migration of chemical
      inflammatory mediators act as promotive factors of RWM permeability, and that a
      pathologic thickness of the RWM and the presence of effusion induced by the
      obstruction of the eustachian tube acts as an inhibitory factor. In the clinical
      role of RWM permeability in human otitis media, these two factors must be taken
      into consideration.

PMID- 3390335
TI  - A helpful device in cricopharyngeal surgery.
AB  - Extramucosal myotomy of the pharyngoesophageal sphincter muscle, ie, the
      cricopharyngeal muscle, is a widely used therapy for dysphagia due to neurologic
      diseases. The cricopharyngeal muscle is dissected free via a lateral cervical
      incision. To cut the muscle fibers it is necessary to expose and to stretch them.
      A device is developed to make this possible. A light source is brought within a
      cuffed tube. The tube is inserted in the esophagus with the cuff in the
      cricopharyngeal sphincter. Inflating the cuff with air causes stretching of the
      muscle fibers, whereas the light source inside makes all muscle fibers visible.
      They can be cut carefully, leaving the mucosa intact.

PMID- 3390333
TI  - Screening for auditory dysfunction in infants by evoked oto-acoustic emissions.
AB  - Auditory threshold using auditory brain-stem responses (ABR) was determined in 30
      ears from normally-hearing infants and 16 ears from infants with sensorineural
      deafness. In the same population, evoked oto-acoustic emissions (EOAEs) in
      response to a click of 20-dB hearing level were recorded. The presence of EOAEs
      was correlated with ABR thresholds. Evoked oto-acoustic emissions were always
      present when ABR wave V threshold was equal to or below 30-dB hearing level. On
      the contrary, infants with ABR thresholds higher than 40-dB hearing level never
      had EOAEs. As the recordings of EOAEs could be obtained more rapidly than ABR
      thresholds (average duration: five minutes vs 40 minutes), EOAEs could hold some
      promise as an objective, easy, and noninvasive test for screening auditory
      dysfunction in infants.

PMID- 3390336
TI  - Poststernotomy infections presenting as deep neck abscess.
AB  - A review of the world literature has failed to reveal any published reports of
      poststernotomy mediastinitis presenting as a deep neck infection. This article
      presents two such cases. Since the fascial layers of the mediastinum are a direct
      continuation of the cervical fascia, a number of potential pathways between the
      neck and mediastinum exist. Descending infection from the neck into the
      mediastinum is well documented. The reverse situation, an ascending infection
      from the mediastinum into the neck, is not described despite the potential
      natural pathways available for spread of infection. Our proposed mechanism for
      these two cases is that a surgically created pathway from the mediastinum to the
      lower neck allows for mediastinitis to point in the intercommunicating fascial
      spaces of the neck. Recognition of this clinical presentation will allow the
      surgeon to use prompt intervention for such a serious complication.

PMID- 3390337
TI  - Ectopic thyroid in the right carotid triangle.
AB  - A neck mass in the right carotid triangle of a 28-year-old woman was found to be
      the only thyroid tissue she possessed. Resection of the mass led to clinical and
      biochemical hypothyroidism. A possible explanation for the unlikely occurrence of
      lateral aberrant thyroid tissue and absence of a thyroid gland in the usual
      location is offered. It is suggested that patients with midline or low lateral
      neck masses undergo isotopic scanning of the thyroid gland before any iodinated
      contrast materials are administered or surgery performed.

PMID- 3390338
TI  - Exacerbation of sickle cell disease by obstructive sleep apnea.
AB  - It is difficult to recognize and treat the factors that exacerbate the vascular
      crises of sickle cell disease. We describe a 12-year-old black girl with sickle
      cell anemia who, since the age of 9 years, has been repeatedly hospitalized for
      pain associated with vaso-occlusive disease. A diagnosis of obstructive sleep
      apnea was suggested by the history and physical examination and was confirmed by
      polysomnography. Following preoperative transfusion, the patient underwent
      elective tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. She has been free of vaso-occlusive
      pain and crises for over two years and has not been hospitalized since her
      surgery. Post-operative polysomnography has shown no evidence of obstructive
      sleep apnea. It is our hypothesis that repeated oxygen desaturation during
      periods of obstructive sleep apnea was the cause of this patient's frequent vaso
      occlusive crises. She not only obtained complete relief of her symptoms, but
      objective sleep study measurements were normal following surgery. Obstructive
      sleep apnea is a recent diagnosis, and its pathologic effects are only beginning
      to be known. Physicians taking care of patients with hemoglobinopathies need to
      be aware of possible contributing factors to their patients' disease, and an
      aggressive approach to their diagnosis and possible relief should be sought.

PMID- 3390339
TI  - Severe hypertrichosis of the external ear canal during minoxidil therapy.
AB  - Minoxidil is a potent peripheral vasodilator used to treat patients with severe
      hypertension that is unresponsive to other medications. Hypertrichosis of the
      forehead, face, neck, shoulders, upper part of the arms, and legs is a frequent
      side effect that occurs in the majority of patients that use this drug. This
      phenomenon appears to be due to increased blood flow to hair follicles, with
      resultant excessive hair growth. We describe a patient with severe hypertrichosis
      of the external ear canal resulting in chronic otitis externa and hearing loss.

PMID- 3390340
TI  - Pathologic quiz case 1. Merkel's cell carcinoma.

PMID- 3390341
TI  - Some methodological problems in estimating radiobiological parameters from
      clinical data. Alpha/beta ratios and electron RBE for cutaneous reactions in
      patients treated with postmastectomy radiotherapy.
AB  - A number of biological, dosimetric, and statistical problems encountered in the
      determination of alpha/beta ratios and the relative biological efficiency (RBE)
      of high energy electrons are discussed. The analysis is based on isoeffect dose
      determination from logit analysis of dose-response data. Monte Carlo simulations
      of the logit analysis show that the estimated isoeffect dose may be treated as a
      normally distributed random variable. Under this assumption, formulae for the
      standard error of the derived radiobiological parameters are presented. The
      importance of specifying not only parameter estimates but also their confidence
      limits is emphasized. As a practical example, the dose-response relationships for
      severe erythema and subcutaneous fibrosis are discussed in two series of patients
      treated with postmastectomy irradiation with electrons and photons in two
      fractionation schedules. Because of a different dose per fraction in the electron
      and photon fields, a determination of RBE requires a fraction size correction.
      This is performed using the alpha/beta formalism. The present analysis suggests a
      high energy electron RBE for severe erythema of 0.93 (95% confidence limits 0.89
      and 0.96) and for subcutaneous fibrosis of 0.84 (95% confidence limits 0.77 and
      0.92).

PMID- 3390342
TI  - Spontaneous radiation-induced rib fractures in breast cancer patients treated
      with postmastectomy irradiation. A clinical radiobiological analysis of the
      influence of fraction size and dose-response relationships on late bone damage.
AB  - The influence of fraction size on normal tissue damage was analysed in 231
      patients treated with postmastectomy irradiation given either with a 12-fraction
      regimen (1978-1980) or with a 22-fraction regimen (1981). Chest radiographs taken
      1-6 years after treatment were reviewed for spontaneous, radiation-induced rib
      fracture within the treated area. Patients treated with a large dose per fraction
      had significantly higher incidence of late bone damage (19%) than patients
      treated with a standard dose per fraction (6%) even though they had been treated
      with the aim to obtain equivalent biologic response according to the NSD formula.
      Furthermore, there was a clear dose-response relationship, especially in the 12
      fraction regimen, where the total dose at the reference point varied over a wide
      range. Isoeffect doses could be estimated for the two different fractionation
      schedules. Using the linear quadratic model, alpha/beta ratios for late bone
      damage were estimated to be within the range of 1.8-2.8 Gy, i.e. similar to those
      reported for other late responding normal tissues.

PMID- 3390343
TI  - Late toxicity of radiotherapy in Hodgkin's disease. The role of fraction size.
AB  - From 1972 to 1976 patients at the Gustave Roussy Institute were irradiated for
      Hodgkin's disease using a modified fractionation schedule (3 fractions of 3.3 Gy
      per week) for operational reasons. From 1964 to 1971 and from 1977 to 1981, a
      more conventional regimen (4 fractions of 2.5 Gy per week) was used. The rates of
      the late complications in these two subsets of patients treated with different
      fractionation schedules at the same total dose of 40 Gy during the same overall
      time were compared. Mediastinitis was observed in 19% of the '4 X 2.5 Gy/week'
      group versus 56% in the '3 X 3.3 Gy/week' group. Pericarditis in 0% versus 9%,
      gastroduodenal ulceration and severe gastritis in 10 versus 21% and small bowel
      obstruction in 5 versus 8%. When using the linear quadratic model with an
      alpha/beta of 2.5 Gy to evaluate the equivalent dose of 40 Gy given in 12
      fractions of 3.3 Gy when delivered by fractions of 2.5 Gy, a value of 46.6 Gy is
      found. This difference of 6.6 Gy in the equivalent doses (for late toxicity) is
      likely to account for the significant increase of late radiation injuries, such
      as mediastinitis and pericarditis, in the present study. The local relapse rate
      was found to be slightly lower in the 3 X 3.3 Gy group. However, this possible
      benefit cannot offset the considerable increase of late complications.

PMID- 3390344
TI  - The hazard of accelerated tumor clonogen repopulation during radiotherapy.
AB  - When analysis of results of radiotherapy for nearly 500 patients with
      oropharyngeal cancer showed evidence for rapid tumor regrowth during extensions
      of treatment from about 5 weeks to about 8 weeks, we searched the literature on
      radiotherapy for head and neck cancer to determine whether it revealed similar
      evidence of accelerated tumor regrowth. Estimates of doses to achieve local
      control in 50% of cases (TCD50) were made from published local control rates, and
      the dependence of these doses on overall treatment duration was evaluated. In
      parallel, published scattergrams were analyzed to estimate the rate of tumor
      regrowth over the period of 4-10 weeks from initiation of therapy. Both analyses
      suggested that, on average, clonogen repopulation in squamous cell carcinomas of
      the head and neck accelerates only after a lag period of the order of 4 +/- 1
      weeks after initiation of radiotherapy and that a dose increment of about 0.6 Gy
      per day is required to compensate for this repopulation. Such a dose increment is
      consistent with a 4-day clonogen doubling rate, compared with a median of about
      60 days in published reports of unperturbed tumor growth rates. The values
      presented here are average values for a large number of patients: it is
      necessary, not only to verify the results of these retrospective analyses in
      prospective studies, but also to develop methods to predict the time of onset and
      rate of accelerated tumor clonogen repopulation in the individual patient.

PMID- 3390345
TI  - Comparison of conventional and split-course radiotherapy as primary treatment in
      carcinoma of the larynx.
AB  - Based on our experience with conventional, daily irradiation, a split-course
      radiation schedule was introduced in 1978. The schedule, which was based on
      Cohen's models for squamous cell carcinoma and vascular damage respectively,
      predicted an improved tumour control and a reduced rate of late complications,
      e.g. late oedema, if the conventional, daily treatment was replaced by a split
      course schedule. The schedule has later been abandoned, but the experience gained
      from split-course treatment at various dose levels has been analysed and the
      results compared with those obtained by conventional radiation. The data allowed
      construction of dose-response curves and estimation of iso-effect doses. Split
      course treatment was associated with a significantly reduced therapeutic ratio
      because, disappointingly, it did not improve tumour control, and the severity of
      late complications grew. No late complications were avoided by introducing a 3
      week pause in the radiation therapy regimen, nor was the tumour response improved
      despite a 12-Gy increase in total dose. This indicates a significant repopulation
      corresponding to more than 0.5 Gy/day, equivalent to an up to 100-fold increase
      of the number of clonogenic tumour cells during the pause--an increase that
      occurred despite the decrease, clinically, of the tumours during this period.

PMID- 3390346
TI  - Radiotherapy employing three fractions on each of twelve consecutive days.
AB  - In order to achieve the greatest advantage of accelerated hyperfractionated
      radiotherapy, treatment has been given 3 times each day for 12 consecutive days
      without a rest period. A total tumour dose of 50.4 Gy was well tolerated in a
      series of 38 patients with bronchial, head and neck and oesophageal carcinomas. A
      further 14 patients have now received an elevated dose of 54 Gy, again with
      satisfactory tolerance. The tumour responses at all these sites have been very
      promising and further work is proceeding.

PMID- 3390347
TI  - Accelerated versus conventional fractionation. The degree of incomplete repair in
      human skin with a four-hour-fraction interval studied after postmastectomy
      irradiation.
AB  - A previously presented clinical assay with postoperative irradiation to bilateral
      parasternal fields in patients with breast cancer was used for a comparison of
      acute and late reactions in human skin after accelerated and conventional
      fractionation. Two and 3 fractions per day at 4-hour intervals were compared with
      one fraction per day. Dose fractions of about 2 Gy were used. Twenty-five
      fractions were given in 2.5, 1.5 and 5 weeks respectively. The acute reactions
      were similar regardless if 1, 2 or 3 fractions per day were given, i.e. equal
      total doses were isoeffective. The repair of intracellular damage was apparently
      completed within 4 hours. However, this might not be true due to a differential
      influence of proliferation and redistribution on the effect of different types of
      fractionation, which makes it difficult to interpret the result and estimate the
      degree of intracellular repair. The time to the acute peak reaction was shortened
      by 6 to 7 days with accelerated compared to conventional fractionation, explained
      by the differences in the dose delivery rates. Consequently, the onset of a
      compensatory proliferation is earlier after accelerated fractionation. Late
      reactions were more pronounced after accelerated than after conventional
      fractionation and 1 X 2.0 Gy/day was found to be equivalent to 2 X 1.80 Gy/day
      and 3 X 1.65 Gy/day at 4-hour intervals with an equal fraction number for all 3
      schedules. Assuming that proliferation is negligible for late responding tissues,
      we interpret this finding as an expression of the degree of reduced intracellular
      repair. Finally, we would like to point out that the iso-effect dose
      relationships between acute and late reactions for accelerated versus
      conventional fractionation might vary, above all with the cell proliferation
      kinetics of acutely reacting tissue.

PMID- 3390348
TI  - Intervals between multiple fractions per day. Differences between early and late
      radiation reactions.
AB  - Assuming the linear quadratic model for dose-response curves enables the
      proportion of repairable damage to be calculated for any size of dose per
      fraction. It is given by the beta (dose squared) term, and represents a larger
      proportion of the total damage for larger doses per fraction, but also for late
      reacting than for early-reacting tissues. For example at 2 Gy per fraction,
      repairable damage could represent nearly half the total damage in late-reacting
      tissues but only one fifth in early-reacting tissues. Even if repair occurs at
      the same rate in both tissues, it will obviously take longer for 50% of the
      damage to fade to an undetectable level (3 or 5%) than for 20% to do so. This
      means that late reactions require longer intervals than early reactions when
      multiple fraction per day radiotherapy is planned, even if the half-lives of
      repair are not different.

PMID- 3390349
TI  - Fractionation in radiotherapy.

PMID- 3390350
TI  - Uptake of indium-111-labeled monoclonal antibody ZME-018 as a function of tumor
      size in a patient with melanoma.
AB  - The accumulation of an Indium-111-labeled monoclonal antibody (MoAb), ZME-018, in
      melanoma tumors in a patient was determined by sequential, quantitative gamma
      camera imaging. The amount and concentration of In-111 in each tumor changed in a
      characteristic pattern with time, reaching a peak at day 3 followed by a steady
      clearance. The concentration of In-111 in the tumor and the ratios of tumor to
      whole-body or blood decreased as the size of the tumor increased. These results
      were interpreted to indicate that the fraction of active, perfused tumor
      decreased as the melanoma lesions increased in size. The maximum number of MoAb
      molecules bound per melanoma cell was calculated to be abut 35,000. The
      implications of these observations for radioimmunoimaging and therapy are
      significant.

PMID- 3390352
TI  - International Symposium. Clinical applications of radionuclide studies of the
      brain. September 10-11, 1984, Washington, DC. Proceedings.

PMID- 3390351
TI  - Selenium-75-labeled sucralfate: comparison with other radiolabels and initial
      clinical studies.
AB  - Sucralfate was synthesized to include a 75Se label, then compared with 111In
      sucralfate and 99mTc-Human serum albumin (HSA)-sucralfate in vitro and in an
      animal ulcer model. The 75Se label was the only one of the three that was stable
      in both human gastric juice and simulated intestinal fluid in vitro. In rats with
      gastric ulcers, ulcer:nonulcer ratios of bound radioactivity averaged 15.4, 6.3,
      and 5.6 for 75Se, 111In, and 99mTc-HSA labels, respectively. Biodistribution
      studies of 75Se-sucralfate indicated that little is absorbed from the
      gastrointestinal tract, and the distribution is similar to that of 14C
      sucralfate. Selective binding of 75Se sucralfate was successfully imaged in
      patients with esophagitis (esophageal mean T1/2 binding = 65 +/- 32 min),
      gastritis (gastric mean T 1/2 binding = 118 +/- 34 min), and gastric ulcers
      (ulcer mean T 1/2 binding = 135 +/- 59 min). Duodenal ulcers were not
      successfully imaged. Normal subjects showed no abnormal localization of
      sucralfate, and esophageal and gastric clearances were rapid.

PMID- 3390353
TI  - Solutions to problems in dose calibrator assay of iodine-123.

PMID- 3390355
TI  - Radionuclide detection of blood-retinal integrity in patients with diabetes
      mellitus.

PMID- 3390354
TI  - Effect of anesthetics on the uptake of brain imaging agents in rats.

PMID- 3390356
TI  - Brain blood flow: the need to assess perfusion reserve.

PMID- 3390357
TI  - Regional glucose metabolism in chronic schizophrenia.

PMID- 3390358
TI  - Brain imaging of glucose utilization in cerebral tumors.

PMID- 3390359
TI  - Imaging dopamine receptors in the human brain.

PMID- 3390360
TI  - Fundamental tumor perfusion analysis with nuclear magnetic resonance imaging
      using gadolinium-diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid.
AB  - The measurement of blood perfusion is an important factor for both the diagnosis
      and follow-up of tumor lesions. However, noninvasive detection of this local
      blood flow factor is very difficult. To accomplish this, we tried to calculate
      tissue blood perfusion indexes with nuclear magnetic resonance imaging using
      gadolinium-diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA). We experimentally
      applied this method to C3H mouse's tumor NFSa (fibrosarcoma) and its recurrence
      tumor R1137, whose experimental hypoxic cell fraction is different; that is,
      R1137 is more oxic than NFSa. Imaging pulse sequence was T1 (TR = 1,000 ms, TI =
      300 ms), and longitudinal relaxation rate (R1 = 1/T1) values were calculated.
      Injected dose of Gd-DTPA was 0.1 mmol/kg. The T1 images produced are from both
      the preinjection period from every 5 min postinjection for 30 min. Using two
      exponential analysis and compartment analysis we calculated two fundamental
      parameters: uptake index and flow index as blood perfusion factors. We found that
      this method has the possibility of differentiating the tissue's hypoxic cell
      fraction and is effective both for follow-up study after radiation therapy and
      for tissue characterization.

PMID- 3390361
TI  - [Relationship between corrected handedness and dysgraphia].

PMID- 3390363
TI  - [Ultrastructural investigations on lymphocytes and skin in neuronal ceroid
      lipofuscinosis].

PMID- 3390362
TI  - [Usefulness of ambulatory EEG monitoring system for patients with paroxysmal
      disorders].

PMID- 3390364
TI  - [A case of ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency associated with acute left
      hemiplegia].

PMID- 3390365
TI  - [Holoprosencephaly with Dandy-Walker cyst diagnosed in utero by MRI: report of a
      case].

PMID- 3390366
TI  - [A case of myotubular myopathy with mental retardation].

PMID- 3390367
TI  - [Epidemiology of Rett syndrome: a community-based study in Tama, Tokyo].

PMID- 3390368
TI  - [The efficacy of the flunarizine in the treatment of ischemic attack of moyamoya
      disease].

PMID- 3390369
TI  - Activity of a new nitrosourea (TCNU) in human lung cancer xenografts.
AB  - The activity of a new nitrosourea (TCNU) based on the endogenous amino acid
      taurine was assessed in three human lung cancer xenografts growing in
      immunodeficient mice. Moderate activity (specific growth delays of 0.63 and 1.13
      compared with controls) was seen in two non-small cell tumours after a single
      oral administration of 20 mg-1kg. This dose was curative in a small cell
      xenograft. By using high performance liquid chromatography it was possible to
      detect parent drug in the tumours as well as the plasma and tissues after oral
      administration of TCNU. Drug sensitivity was correlated inversely with the amount
      of the DNA repair enzyme 0(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase assayed from
      extracts of the tumour cells but not with the levels of parent drug within the
      tumour. This compound appears to have unique pharmacokinetic properties compared
      with other chloroethylnitrosoureas.

PMID- 3390370
TI  - Verapamil potentiation of doxorubicin resistance development in B16 melanoma
      cells both in vitro and in vivo.
AB  - The effect of the combined administration of doxorubicin (DX) and verapamil (VRP)
      on the induction of DX resistance of B16 melanoma cells, was investigated both in
      vitro and in vivo. Cells grown in the presence of increasing concentrations of DX
      and of 1 microM VRP, tested at several passages, were more resistant than cells
      grown with DX alone. The treatment of B16 melanoma bearing mice with the maximal
      tolerated dose of DX (12 mg kg-1 i.v.) and of VRP (25 mg kg-1 i.p.) selected a
      line (B16-DX. VRP) completely resistant to DX after 17 transplants, while
      treatment with DX alone selected a DX resistant line after 27 transplants. Lung
      metastases were significantly lower in the B16-DX. VRP line compared to the
      original B16 melanoma. The results suggest that the association of VRP with DX
      increases the rate of resistance development to DX.

PMID- 3390371
TI  - Verapamil sensitizes normal and neoplastic rodent intestinal tissues to the
      stathmokinetic effect of vincristine in vivo.
AB  - A morphological method has been developed allowing measurement of the effect on
      intestinal epithelia of vincristine. In routinely prepared tissue sections the
      proportion of mitotic events progressing beyond metaphase is counted by
      microscopy. When estimated over a range of doses of vincristine this post
      metaphase index (PMI) can be used to compare the sensitivity of differing intact
      tissues. Intestinal tumours were induced in rats by chemical carcinogenesis.
      Administration of vincristine in the presence or absence of verapamil was
      performed in these tumour-bearing animals. Sections were prepared from colonic
      and small-bowel tumours and from normal mucosa. The results show that verapamil
      increases the sensitivity of the tissues studied to vincristine. A dose dependent
      effect of verapamil on vincristine sensitisation was demonstrated in colonic
      tissues. These findings indicate a shared pharmacological property between the
      resistance of primary tumour tissue and the multidrug-resistance phenotype.

PMID- 3390372
TI  - Expression of oncogenes in thyroid tumours: coexpression of c-erbB2/neu and c
      erbB.
AB  - The receptor-type oncogenes c-erbB2/neu and c-erbB have been found amplified
      and/or overexpressed in a number of tumours of epithelial origin. We have studied
      the expression of oncogenes in biopsies from human thyroid tumours. The c
      erbB2/neu and c-erbB oncogenes showed two- to three-fold higher levels of RNA in
      papillary carcinomas and lymph node metastases as well as in one adenoma when
      compared to non-tumour tissue. The nuclear oncogenes c-myc and c-fos were found
      to be expressed at varying levels in both non-tumour and tumour tissue. RNA
      transcripts specific for the platelet-derived growth factor A and B chains and
      the N-ras oncogene were detected in one anaplastic carcinoma. Neither
      rearrangements nor amplifications of oncogenes were observed in the thyroid
      tumours. These data are particularly interesting in light of the recent findings
      that epidermal growth factor induces proliferation and dedifferentiation of
      normal thyroid epithelial cells in vitro. We suggest that the epidermal growth
      factor or other ligands for the c-erbB and c-erbB2/neu receptors may contribute
      to the development and/or maintenance of the malignant phenotype of papillary
      carcinomas of the thyroid.

PMID- 3390374
TI  - Somatic rearrangement of the tropomyosin-receptor-kinase (trk) oncogene is rare
      in gastrointestinal cancer.

PMID- 3390373
TI  - Comparison of weight loss induced by recombinant tumour necrosis factor with that
      produced by a cachexia-inducing tumour.
AB  - A comparison has been made of the cachectic effects produced by the
      transplantable murine adenocarcinoma of the mouse colon (MAC16) with tumour
      necrosis factor-alpha (cachectin). Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)
      produced a dose-related weight reduction that was accompanied by a decrease in
      both food and water intake. The degree of weight loss was directly proportional
      to the decreased food and water intake. In contrast weight loss produced by the
      MAC16 tumour occurred without a reduction in fluid or nutrient intake. Both the
      MAC16 tumour and TNF-alpha produced hypoglycaemia and a reduction in the
      circulatory level of free fatty acids (FFA), but had opposite effects on the
      level of plasma triglycerides with the MAC16 tumour-induced cachexia causing a
      decrease and TNF-alpha producing an increase. The MAC16 tumour elaborated a
      lipolytic factor which caused an immediate release of FFA from adipose tissue. In
      contrast TNF-alpha had no effect on mobilization of adipose triglycerides over a
      short time period. Both TNF-alpha and extracts from the MAC16 tumour caused an
      enhanced release of amino acids from mouse diaphragm, which was suppressible with
      indomethacin and heat labile. No TNF was detected in the MAC16 tumour or in the
      serum of tumour-bearing animals. Both tumour and non-tumour-bearing animals
      responded with a similar elevation of their serum TNF levels 90 min after a
      single injection of endotoxin. It is concluded that weight loss produced by TNF
      alpha arises from an anorexic effect and that this differs from the complex
      metabolic changes associated with cancer cachexia.

PMID- 3390375
TI  - Low field strength magnetic resonance imaging of the spleen: results from
      volunteers and patients with lymphoma.
AB  - Low field strength (0.08 Tesla) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the spleen
      with spin lattice relaxation time (T1) measurement was performed on a total of 79
      healthy volunteers and 62 patients with lymphoma. Inhomogeneity was observed on
      the T1 images of the spleen from 25 volunteers. This was therefore considered a
      normal variant. The normal range of spleen T1 at 0.08 Tesla was established (362
      420 msec). No influence of age on spleen T1 was detected. The range of T1 values
      observed in males and females was similar, although the mean spleen T1 for
      females was significantly longer than that for males. The sensitivity of T1
      measurement for the detection of lymphoma in the spleen was poor, particularly
      for patients with Hodgkin's disease. In a minority of untreated patients,
      however, a spleen T1 value outside the normal range may indicate the presence of
      lymphoma in the spleen. A significant decrease in spleen T1 following treatment
      was observed in 9 patients who underwent serial scanning.

PMID- 3390377
TI  - The modifying effect of beta-carotene on radiation and chemotherapy induced oral
      mucositis.

PMID- 3390376
TI  - Low field strength magnetic resonance imaging of bone marrow in patients with
      malignant lymphoma.
AB  - Detection of bone marrow infiltration by lymphoma with low field strength
      magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been assessed. Measurements of spin lattice
      relaxation time (T1) were made in 31 patients with lymphoma and compared with the
      results of bone marrow biopsy and with T1 measurements made on 90 healthy
      volunteers. The sensitivity of MRI was excellent in patients for whom the
      microscopic pattern of marrow infiltration was diffuse, but poor in those with
      microscopically focal infiltration.

PMID- 3390378
TI  - Hormonal factors and risk of ovarian germ cell cancer in young women.
AB  - No previous controlled studies of ovarian germ cell tumours have been reported;
      however the tumour is similar to germ cell testicular cancer in terms of
      histology, age-specific incidence rates (i.e. highest rates in young adulthood),
      and secular trends of increasing incidence. The investigation was designed to
      determine if maternal hormonal factors which have been found to increase the risk
      of testis cancer in male offspring are also risk factors for the ovarian tumour.
      The analysis is based on 73 cases diagnosed before age 35 and 138 age-race
      matched controls. The cases were identified by tumour registries in Los Angeles
      (1972-84) and Seattle (1974-84) and controls were selected from friends and/or
      neighbourhood residents. Interviews were conducted on the telephone with mothers
      of cases and controls. The primary finding was that mother's use of exogenous
      hormones (including the hormonal pregnancy test, DES or other supportive
      hormones, and inadvertant use of oral contraceptives after conception) increased
      risk (Odds ratio, OR = 3.60, 95% CL = 1.2-13.1). Other maternal factors
      associated with elevated risk were high pre-pregnancy body mass (OR = 2.7, 95% CL
      = 1.0-7.6), more rapid achievement of regular menstruation after menarche (OR =
      1.8, 95% CL = 0.9-3.8), and age at index pregnancy under 20 (OR = 2.8, 95% CL =
      1.0-10.7). In conclusion, these results support findings from testis cancer
      studies regarding a hormonal aetiology for germ cell tumours, and a mechanism by
      which oestrogen may affect the germ cells is proposed.

PMID- 3390379
TI  - Multiple primary tumours in women with vulvar neoplasms: a case-control study.
AB  - We sought to determine whether women with in situ or invasive squamous cell
      vulvar cancer were more likely than other women to have had a previous or
      concurrent tumour at other anogenital sites. One hundred and fifty-eight women
      with vulvar cancer were identified who were first diagnosed during 1980-1985,
      were ages 18-79 years at that time, and were residents of one of three counties
      in western Washington. Two control groups were selected: (1) from records of
      hospital pathology departments, a sample of 113 women with certain benign
      conditions of the vulva; (2) through random digit dialing, a sample of 212 women
      from the general population of these counties. Information on a history of other
      cancers, and on sexual, reproductive, medical, and demographic characteristics
      was collected from cases and controls in at-home interviews. Cases were more
      likely to report a history of other anogenital cancers than were controls, with
      relative risks of 3.5-29.8, depending on the type of case group and type of
      control. These associations were not explained by case-control differences in
      demographic characteristics or frequency of cervical screening. On the other
      hand, prior or concurrent non-anogenital cancers were equally common in cases and
      controls. These results support the hypothesis that the different anogenital
      cancers have at least one aetiology in common.

PMID- 3390381
TI  - Increased risk of biliary tract cancer following gastric surgery.
AB  - Analysis of 4,466 peptic ulcer patients, who had undergone gastric surgery at
      least 25 years previously, showed no change in risk from biliary tract cancer
      within the first 20 years, but a 9.4 fold (P less than 0.001) excess risk
      thereafter. The increased risk was 15.8 fold (P less than 0.001) 20 years after
      operation for gastric ulcer patients and 5.1 fold (NS) in duodenal ulcer
      patients. When the risk was analysed by subsite it was found that there was no
      increased risk at any time after operation for cancer of the bile duct, and that
      all of the excess risk 20 or more years after operation (14.7 fold; P less than
      0.001) was for cancer of the gallbladder.

PMID- 3390380
TI  - Serum beta-carotene and subsequent risk of cancer: results from the BUPA Study.
AB  - In the BUPA Study, a prospective study of 22,000 men attending a screening centre
      in London, serum samples were collected and stored. The concentration of beta
      carotene was measured in the stored serum samples from 271 men who were
      subsequently notified as having cancer and from 533 unaffected controls, matched
      for age, smoking history and duration of storage of the serum samples. The mean
      beta-carotene level of the cancer subjects was significantly lower than that of
      their matched controls (198 and 221 micrograms l-1 respectively, P = 0.007). The
      difference was apparent in subjects from whom blood was collected several years
      before the diagnosis of the cancer, indicating that the low beta-carotene levels
      in the cancer subjects were unlikely to have been simply a consequence of pre
      clinical disease. Men in the top two quintiles of serum beta-carotene had only
      about 60% of the risk of developing cancer compared with men in the bottom
      quintile. The study was not large enough to be able to indicate with confidence
      the sites of cancer for which the inverse association between serum beta-carotene
      and risk of cancer applied, though the association was strongest for lung cancer.
      The association may be due to beta-carotene affecting the risk directly or it may
      reflect an indirect association of cancer risk with some other component of
      vegetables or with a nonvegetable component of diet that is itself related to
      vegetable consumption.

PMID- 3390382
TI  - Birth characteristics of premenopausal women with breast cancer.

PMID- 3390383
TI  - Risk factors in the aetiology of cancer of the uterine cervix leading to
      differential rates among Hindu and Muslim women in India.

PMID- 3390384
TI  - Geographical variation in lymphoma incidence.

PMID- 3390385
TI  - The ability of inflammatory bronchoalveolar leucocyte populations elicited with
      microbes or mineral dust to injure alveolar epithelial cells and degrade
      extracellular matrix in vitro.
AB  - Inflammatory cells are recruited to the parenchyma of the lung in a range of
      conditions where they are considered to have the ability to exert damaging
      effects on elements of the alveolus. The injurious effects of rat bronchoalveolar
      derived inflammatory cells on an alveolar Type II epithelial cell line were
      therefore assessed. Inflammatory populations produced by intratracheal injection
      of Corynebacterium parvum or quartz caused non-lethal detachment injury to the
      epithelial cells on co-culture whereas control bronchoalveolar cells had no
      effect on epithelial cells. The pathogenic mineral dusts quartz and chrysotile
      asbestos caused increased detachment injury when added to co-cultures of
      epithelial cells and bronchoalveolar leucocyte populations; neither titanium
      dioxide, a control mineral dust, nor zymosan were active in this respect.
      Detachment injury was particularly marked when quartz was added to co-cultures of
      epithelial cells and inflammatory bronchoalveolar cells from quartz treated lung.
      On the basis of anti-protease and anti-oxidant studies, the detachment injury was
      found to be mediated by protease alone in the case of quartz cells and protease
      plus oxidant in the case of C. parvum cells. The two inflammatory bronchoalveolar
      cell populations were found to have increased proteolytic activity, compared to
      control bronchoalveolar cells, as shown by increased ability to degrade
      fibronectin, laminin and denatured collagen. Inflammatory bronchoalveolar cells
      therefore have the potential to attack elements of the septal extracellular
      matrix as well as to compromise the integrity of the alveolar epithelium.

PMID- 3390386
TI  - Nicotine decreases the porosity of the rat liver sieve: a possible mechanism for
      hypercholesterolaemia.
AB  - Nicotine was fed to rats for 6 weeks, as a weight adjusted dose equivalent to
      that of a human being smoking 50 to 100 cigarettes per day. Those rats fed
      nicotine developed hypercholesterolaemia. Scanning electron microscopy showed the
      porosity of the hepatic sinusoidal endothelium of nicotine fed animals was about
      40% that of control animals. The decline in porosity was found to be due to a
      reduction in diameter rather than number of fenestrae. We believe that this
      decreased hepatic sinusoidal porosity may alter cholesterol homeostasis by
      increasing the circulation time of chylomicron remnants too large to pass through
      the fenestrae. This phenomenon may be an aetiological factor in the known
      correlation between cigarette smoking, atherosclerosis, and coronary heart
      disease in humans.

PMID- 3390387
TI  - Distribution of cellular responses in rabbit aortae following one and two
      injuries with a balloon catheter.
AB  - To investigate the mechanisms involved in the cellular reactions to arterial
      injuries, we studied the distribution of the deposits on the injured intima and
      the pattern of neointimal thickening following single and double injuries of
      rabbit aortae with a balloon catheter. Thirty minutes after the first injury
      most, but not all, of the inner surface of the aortae was covered by adherent,
      spread platelets. Seven days following the first injury areas of neointima,
      mainly proliferating smooth muscle cells, had formed around and opposite the
      orifices of branch vessels. The rest of the inner aortic surface consisted of
      acellular subendothelial matrix. Thirty minutes after the second injury, 7 days
      after the first, single platelets adhered once more to parts of the reinjured
      subendothelium, mostly between the orifices. Numerous fibrin-rich, platelet
      thrombi were present mainly on the surface of the injured neointima. Thirty
      minutes after both the first and second injury polymorphonuclear leucocytes
      adhered to the inner surface downstream from the orifices of branch vessels and
      in longitudinally oriented zones opposite the orifices. Four days following the
      second injury, the neointima was restored with the same distribution as before
      the second injury, and few thrombi, adherent platelets, or leucocytes remained.

PMID- 3390388
TI  - Nonspecific esterase reaction in hyperplastic urinary bladder epithelium induced
      by administration of N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine, freezing and formalin
      instillation in rats.
AB  - Chronological changes in nonspecific esterase (NSE) activity in hyperplasia of
      the bladder mucosa in Wistar rats induced by the administration of 0.05% N-butyl
      N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BBN) in their drinking water for up to 20 weeks
      and in reversible regenerative hyperplasia by freeze ulceration and 20% formalin
      instillation in the bladder were compared. In regenerative hyperplasia foci with
      strong NSE activity could not be proved throughout the experimental period, while
      the foci were detected in hyperplastic epithelium induced by BBN treatment for
      more than 3 weeks. The focus of NSE high activity persisted for 56 weeks after
      withdrawal of the carcinogen and the focus or area with the same NSE reaction
      appeared in papilloma and transitional cell carcinoma seen in weeks 7 to 20 of
      BBN treatment. The appearance of focal strong activity of NSE seemed to be a
      promising marker for the precursor lesions of bladder tumors. Short uniform,
      pleomorphic microvilli were observed on the cell surface of preneoplastic and
      carcinomatous lesions by BBN as well as on that of regenerative hyperplasia after
      freeze ulceration and formalin instillation.

PMID- 3390390
TI  - Marrow fibroblasts from patients with myeloproliferative disorders show increased
      sensitivity to human serum mitogens.
AB  - The growth of marrow fibroblasts from patients with myeloproliferative disorders
      (MPD) was investigated using platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) and human
      serum as mitogens in the presence of human plasma derived serum. The
      proliferation of fibroblasts in MPD patients was increased compared to normal
      individuals, especially in patients with chronic myelocytic leukaemia and
      essential thrombocythaemia. This increment of proliferation might be due to
      higher sensitivity of the fibroblasts to plasma derived serum than to PDGF,
      because the ratio of proliferation with PDGF to that without PDGF, when compared
      between patients and normals, remained unchanged. These results suggest that MPD
      fibroblasts are more sensitive to some factor(s) in plasma, and this fact could
      partially explain the pathogenesis of myelofibrosis in MPD patients.

PMID- 3390389
TI  - Inhibition of bile secretion in the rat by serum ultrafiltrates and fractions
      from patients with fulminant hepatic failure.
AB  - The effects of serum ultrafiltrates and fractions from patients with fulminant
      hepatic failure (FHF) on bile production in the rat were investigated. When serum
      ultrafiltrates (mol. wt less than 10,000) were infused into the portal vein bile
      flow showed a significant decrease with FHF ultrafiltrate (90.4 +/- s.e. 2.0% of
      baseline at the end of infusion, n = 4) compared with a small increase on
      infusion of normal ultrafiltrate (107.9 +/- 3.4%, n = 6, P less than 0.025). Bile
      acid output was significantly decreased by FHF ultrafiltrate (62.0 +/- 2.3%., P
      less than 0.005). Chromatography of the ultrafiltrates on Sephadex G-25 gave two
      fractions from FHF serum which produced similar changes as with whole
      ultrafiltrate on bile secretion. Thus, toxic substances accumulating in the
      circulation of patients with FHF could reduce bile flow and impair the recovery
      of hepatic function.

PMID- 3390391
TI  - Proerythroblast stimulating activity: its purification from mouse serum and its
      effect on mouse erythroid cell proliferation in vitro.
AB  - A factor in mouse serum which stimulates proerythroblast proliferation in in
      vitro culture (proerythroblast stimulating activity-PSA) was purified by green A
      dye ligand and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). As judged by HPLC,
      PSA obtained after these two steps appeared to be a homogenous protein of Mr
      100,000. It increased the proliferation of proerythroblasts when added alone to a
      liquid culture of bone marrow which was treated with anti-RBC antibody to remove
      haemoglobin containing erythroid cells. PSA functioned synergistically with
      erythropoietin (Ep) so that when added to culture together proliferation was 10
      fold higher than when added to culture alone. PSA also increased CFU-E number but
      only when added together with Ep. Dose-response studies indicated that PSA
      increased CFU-E number when Ep remained constant and vice versa. PSA addition to
      culture could be delayed by as much as 12 h without any decrease in the number of
      CFU-E colonies that developed. When PSA was added to BFU-E cultures at the time
      of culture initiation no increase in BFU-E was seen. If, however, PSA was added 5
      d after culture initiation BFU-E colonies were significantly increased. These
      results demonstrate that there is a factor (PSA) which can be purified from mouse
      serum which is not Ep. Its major site of action appears to be the more mature
      erythroid precursors that have the capacity to divide.

PMID- 3390392
TI  - A simple method for culturing myeloma cells from human bone marrow aspirates and
      peripheral blood in vitro.
AB  - A double layer agar technique has been developed to grow myeloma colonies (MY
      CFUc) from human bone marrow aspirates and peripheral blood. Heavily irradiated
      HL60 cells (5 x 10(5)/plate) are added to an agar underlay in growth medium
      containing 0.5% agar. Mononuclear cells from the test bone marrow or blood are
      overlayered in either 0.2 ml HL60-conditioned medium (HL60-CM) or in 0.5 ml
      growth medium containing 0.23% agar, and the cultures are incubated at 37 degrees
      C in an atmosphere of 5% CO2, 10% O2 and 85% N2. Colonies (greater than 50 cells)
      form between 2 and 3 weeks. Using this method 60/68 samples of bone marrow and
      7/12 samples of blood from 54 patients have produced colonies in soft agar and in
      liquid on an agar underlay. The cells which form these colonies are of two
      distinct sizes, the larger cells being plasmacytoid and the smaller lymphoid. The
      two cell types are usually, but not always, present in separate colonies. Both
      plasmacytoid and lymphoid cells carry the isotype of the respective patient's
      myeloma protein and the plasma cell marker (HAN PC1). This technique has enabled
      us to culture myeloma cells from patients with as few as 2% plasma cells in the
      bone marrow but it does not permit the growth of normal B, T or granulocyte
      macrophage colonies (GM-CFUc). The drug sensitivity of myeloma cells (MY-CFUc)
      compared with normal haemopoietic cells (GM-CFUc) can be measured using dose
      response curves in individual patients. Furthermore, this method can detect
      resistant subpopulations within a given myeloma sample.

PMID- 3390393
TI  - The role of ultrastructural cytochemistry and monoclonal antibodies in clarifying
      the nature of undifferentiated cells in acute leukaemia.
AB  - The nature of the cells in 21 cases of acute leukaemia with blasts which were
      undifferentiated by light microscopy criteria was investigated by
      immunophenotyping, ultrastructural cytochemistry and DNA analysis. Two groups of
      cases were recognized. Fourteen cases were negative with B and T lymphoid markers
      and expressed one or two myeloid antigens detected by the monoclonal antibodies
      (McAb) MCS2 (CD13) and MY9 (CD33). Peroxidase activity was demonstrated at
      ultrastructural level by the method of Roels on unfixed cells in eight out of 10
      cases; rearrangement of the immunoglobulin (Ig) genes was demonstrated in one of
      the three cases investigated. These cases are proliferations of early, MO,
      myeloblasts which can only be recognized by immunological and ultrastructural
      cytochemical methods. The remaining seven cases revealed a complex phenotype with
      expression of myeloid and lymphoid antigens. Peroxidase activity was detected in
      blasts from two cases with rearrangement of the Ig-heavy chain gene; in one of
      them the T cell receptor beta and gamma chain genes were also found in rearranged
      configuration. This group comprises cases of biphenotypic and mixed acute
      leukaemia which probably involve multipotent stem cells. This study demonstrates
      that the expression of myeloid antigens on blast cells parallels closely the
      presence of peroxidase activity and that lymphoid markers correlate with gene
      rearrangements at DNA level. Our findings are reassuring with respect to the
      specificity of the antimyeloid McAb for the diagnosis of cases which are
      unclassifiable by conventional methods.

PMID- 3390395
TI  - Platelet surface charge heterogeneity: characterization of human platelet
      subpopulations separated by high voltage continuous flow electrophoresis.
AB  - Washed formol-fixed normal human platelets have been separated into surface
      charge-dependent subpopulations using high voltage continuous flow
      electrophoresis. The procedure is highly reproducible and the heterogeneity
      profile extends over 20-25 fraction tubes on the anodal side of the entry port to
      the separation chamber. Fractions have been subdivided into subpopulation pools
      A, B and C which have mean mobilities by analytical cytopherometry extending over
      the range 0.81-0.91 micron/s/V/cm from the least (C) to the most (A)
      electronegative cells. Coulter volume differences across the profile from 5.0 to
      12.8 fl correlated well with electrophoretic mobilities whereas buoyant density
      appeared to be an independent parameter. Analysis of surface neuraminidase-labile
      sialic acid of the platelets in pools A and C correlated well with differences in
      electrophoretic mobility, whereas a similar relationship for the alkaline
      phosphatase-labile phosphate moieties (also believed to be contributory to cell
      surface electrokinetic properties) could not be established even though in both
      cases the profiles of the enzyme-treated platelets showed significant shifts
      towards the cathode when compared with untreated cells. Titration of surface DTNB
      reactive sulphydryl (-SH) groups revealed an inverse relationship between
      electronegativity and membrane -SH group status. This electrophoretic expression
      of subpopulation heterogeneity within the circulating platelet pool may have
      advantages in studying clinical conditions where the profiles may reflect cell
      surface interactions 'in vivo'.

PMID- 3390394
TI  - A comparison of the effects of two triphasic oral contraceptives on haemostasis.
AB  - The effects of two cyclically administered, triphasic, combined low dosage
      oestrogen and progestogen oral contraceptives on haemostasis have been compared
      in a longitudinal study, over 6 months, in 26 healthy females aged 16-30 years.
      Subjects received either Logynon (ethinyl oestradiol and Levonorgestrol, n = 14)
      or SHD 415G (Schering U.K., n = 12), which contains a similar dosage of ethinyl
      oestradiol, but in combination with a new progestogen, gestodene. Both groups
      showed increases in biological activities of procoagulant factors fibrinogen, X
      and XII and decreased activity of the naturally occurring coagulation inhibitor
      antithrombin III (AT-III). The majority of these changes were statistically
      significant (P less than 0.05 to less than 0.001), apparent after one cycle and
      maintained over the six cycle period. FVII activity increased in both groups,
      achieving statistical significance (P less than 0.01) by cycle 6 in the SHD 415G
      group but not in the females receiving Logynon. Protein C activity remained
      unchanged in both groups. Between-group comparisons showed no differences in the
      procoagulant factor changes, but protein C was lower (P less than 0.05) in the
      SHD 415G group after three cycles of therapy. These findings indicate that both
      triphasic oral contraceptives Logynon and SHD 415G induce increases in
      procoagulant factor activities which are not balanced by increased biological
      levels of the two most important physiological coagulation inhibitors AT-III and
      protein C. These prothrombotic changes are not modified by the new progestogen,
      gestodene.

PMID- 3390396
TI  - 5-Aminolaevulinic acid synthase activity in developing human erythroblasts.
AB  - 5-Aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) synthase activity was measured in highly purified
      preparations of age-matched human erythroblasts. Enzyme activity in immature
      normoblasts was four-fold higher than that found in late orthochromatic
      normoblasts. ALA synthase activity in the immature erythroblasts in primary
      acquired sideroblastic anaemia (PASA) was reduced and remained unchanged during
      further erythroid differentiation. The pattern of erythroblast ALA synthase
      activity in two patients with congenital dyserythropoietic anaemia (CDA) and in
      one patient with beta-thalassaemia intermedia was similar to that found in PASA.
      This study has clearly demonstrated reduced erythroblast ALA synthase activity in
      PASA but has also found reduced enzyme activity in conditions in which ring
      sideroblasts are not prominent. This would suggest that haem synthesis is
      abnormal in PASA but that reduced erythroblast ALA synthase activity does not
      inevitably lead to ring sideroblast formation.

PMID- 3390398
TI  - Disposal arrangements for second trimester fetuses.

PMID- 3390397
TI  - Splenectomy for severe HIV-related thrombocytopenia in heroin abusers.

PMID- 3390399
TI  - Disposal arrangements for fetuses lost in the second trimester.
AB  - In 1986, 28 consultant pathologists with a special paediatric or perinatal
      interest in the UK and Irish Republic supplied information on current disposal
      methods for fetuses lost in the second trimester (12-28 weeks gestation) and the
      facilities available to parents. In over half the hospitals surveyed no single
      method of disposal was employed, but most of the fetuses were incinerated. In six
      hospitals all fetuses were either buried or cremated; 25 hospitals had facilities
      for photography and 24 made special religious services available. Other
      facilities available in some centres included the provision of blessing cards and
      a 'remembrance book' and the appointment of a bereavement counsellor. In five of
      the local crematoria or cemeteries a special plot of land was reserved for
      stillbirths and younger fetuses. The relative costs of these facilities are
      discussed.

PMID- 3390400
TI  - Smoking in pregnancy: effects of stopping at different stages.
AB  - Of 4341 pregnant women, 3106 were non-smokers and 1235 were smokers at the start
      of pregnancy. Eighty-five had stopped smoking before 6 weeks gestation, 119
      between 6 and 16 weeks, and 56 stopped after 16 weeks. A further 51 stopped
      temporarily and 924 smoked throughout pregnancy. The mean birthweight of the
      groups differed. There were also social and biological differences such as might
      partly explain birthweight variations so comparisons were repeated after allowing
      for these factors. Standardized mean birthweights were greater for all groups who
      stopped than for persistent smokers. Those who stopped before 6 weeks and between
      6 and 16 weeks gestation had infants 217 and 213 g, respectively, heavier than
      the persistent smokers and similar to the non-smokers. Babies born to those who
      stopped after 16 weeks, or temporarily, were intermediate in weight. Appropriate
      advice is that stopping any time before 16 weeks is best, but stopping after this
      is still beneficial.

PMID- 3390402
TI  - The effect of pelvic floor exercises in the treatment of genuine urinary stress
      incontinence in women at two hospitals.
AB  - The results of the pelvic floor exercises for the treatment of genuine stress
      incontinence of urine were compared between two different hospitals
      geographically 50 miles apart. A perineal pad weighing test was used to assess
      the quantity of urine lost during exercise before and after treatment. A similar
      percentage of patients in the two studies responded to treatment and became
      either completely dry or significantly improved at the end of 3 months interval;
      69% at LCH and 65% at LGH. Overall, 67% of patients achieved complete continence
      or a significant improvement as a result of pelvic floor exercises alone.

PMID- 3390401
TI  - The effect of the antiprogestin mifepristone (RU 486) on maturation and in-vitro
      fertilization of human oocytes.
AB  - The effect of RU 486 (mifepristone), a potent antiprogestin, on the in-vitro
      fertilization of human oocytes was investigated. In 40 normal volunteer women
      requesting laparoscopic sterilization, follicle aspiration for oocyte recovery
      was attempted 34 h after the injection of 5000 i.u. human chorionic gonadotrophin
      (hCG). Twenty women were allocated to receive 100 mg RU 486 orally 1 h before the
      hCG injection, the remaining 20 women acted as controls. There was no significant
      difference in the cleavage rate of the oocytes after fertilization in vitro
      between the two groups (56% and 66% respectively). Also, the morphological
      characteristics of the cleaving oocytes and the concentrations of oestradiol,
      progesterone and androstenedione in the follicular fluid of the leading follicle
      did not differ significantly between the two groups. Since RU 486 was detected in
      substantial amounts in the follicular fluid specimens, these results suggest that
      progesterone is not critical for the final stages of human oocyte maturation.

PMID- 3390403
TI  - Detrusor instability following colposuspension for urinary stress incontinence.
AB  - Sixty-two patients with genuine stress incontinence (group A) and 30 women with
      combined detrusor instability and genuine stress incontinence (group B) had a
      colposuspension operation. The proportion with symptoms of detrusor instability
      was significantly reduced from 24% before operation to 9% after operation in
      group A and from 73% to 33% in group B. Urodynamically, detrusor instability
      developed after surgery in 17 of the 62 patients (27%) in group A whereas only 12
      of the 30 women (40%) in group B had detrusor instability after surgery. No
      urodynamic explanation was found to explain the effect of colposuspension in
      relieving the symptoms of detrusor instability in some and causing them in
      others. Nevertheless, it is suggested that colposuspension is helpful for most
      patients with combined detrusor instability and genuine stress incontinence.

PMID- 3390404
TI  - Term delivery following mid-trimester ruptured cornual pregnancy with combined
      intrauterine pregnancy. Case report.

PMID- 3390405
TI  - Central pontine myelinolysis as a result of treatment of hyperemesis gravidarum.
      Case report.

PMID- 3390406
TI  - Transient hyperthyroidism in a pregnancy with hydrops fetalis. Case report.

PMID- 3390407
TI  - Amnionitis caused by Propionibacterium acnes. Case report.

PMID- 3390408
TI  - Cervical stenosis after cone biopsy during post-pregnancy amenorrhoea. Case
      reports.

PMID- 3390409
TI  - Premature menopause associated with autoimmune oophoritis. Case report.

PMID- 3390410
TI  - Extraction of a low molecular weight antibacterial peptide from human placenta.

PMID- 3390411
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in obstetrics. II. Fetal anatomy.

PMID- 3390412
TI  - Is treatment needed for mild impairment of glucose tolerance in pregnancy? A
      randomized controlled trial.

PMID- 3390413
TI  - Bullous keratopathy: a study of endothelial cell morphology in patients
      undergoing cataract surgery.
AB  - Preoperative and postoperative endothelial cell morphology was examined in three
      types of patients participating in a randomised, controlled trial of cataract
      surgery. The first sustained modest endothelial cell loss and served as controls,
      the second and third sustained high cell loss, but only the latter progressed to
      bullous keratopathy. The technique of examining endothelial cell morphology is
      described and its validity assessed. Measures of cell area, number of sides, side
      length, and variation in cell size and cell shape were utilised. No significant
      differences were found between the three groups by any of the preoperative
      morphological measures. Furthermore, postoperative values of variation in cell
      shape and cell size did not differ significantly between the groups. No evidence
      was found in our patients to support the hypothesis that eyes at particular risk
      of developing bullous keratopathy may be differentiated on the basis of their
      preoperative or early postoperative endothelial cell morphology.

PMID- 3390414
TI  - Viscodelamination at the vitreoretinal juncture in severe diabetic eye disease.
AB  - Injection of 1% methylcellulose or 1% sodium hyaluronate (Healonid) was used to
      separate attached vitreous cortex and fibrovascular epiretinal membranes from the
      retina in 40 eyes undergoing closed microsurgery for severe diabetic eye disease.
      The viscodelamination technique was of great value in elevating vitreous cortex
      or sparsely vascularised epiretinal membranes, especially in eyes with combined
      traction and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. However, bleeding from or tearing
      of the retina limited the usefulness of this technique in the surgery of highly
      vascularised and adherent membranes, as in eyes with table-top traction retinal
      detachment. Recurrent epiretinal membrane proliferation was seen in some eyes
      postoperatively.

PMID- 3390415
TI  - Intraocular infestation by the reindeer warble fly larva: an unusual indication
      for acute vitrectomy.
AB  - A case of ophthalmomyiasis interna posterior (OIP) caused by the larva of the
      Reindeer warble fly is reported. The larva was initially found intraretinally in
      the inferior parts of the fundus. From this position it moved into the macula
      lutea within two days, causing decreased visual acuity. Acute vitrectomy was
      performed and the larva was removed through a retinotomy. About two months
      afterwards a small retinal detachment appeared near the ora serrata, where the
      larva had entered the eye. The retina was reattached with a scleral buckling
      procedure. The patient regained most of his vision postoperatively. Pars plana
      vitrectomy is a safe procedure and we consider that in any case of OIP, with a
      living larva in the eye, acute vitrectomy should be considered, since the larva
      may damage vital parts of the eye. Furthermore, the site of entrance should be
      treated with photocoagulation to prevent retinal detachment.

PMID- 3390417
TI  - A fatal case of necrotising fasciitis of the eyelid.
AB  - A fatal case of necrotising fasciitis in a 35-year-old man is described and the
      differential diagnosis and management discussed.

PMID- 3390416
TI  - Neonatal Graves' disease.
AB  - A newborn boy was noted by his mother to have a prominent left eye at birth, but
      an eye examination was delayed until age 7 months, at which time his
      ophthalmologist diagnosed exophthalmos. Computed tomography was interpreted as
      showing mild, diffuse, optic nerve thickening bilaterally suggestive of optic
      nerve gliomas. Subsequent examination in our clinic revealed pseudoproptosis
      secondary to retraction of the left upper eyelid. Magnetic resonance imaging
      demonstrated normal orbital structures. The mother was noted to be clinically
      hyperthyroid, and abnormal thyroid function tests confirmed the diagnosis.
      Although the infant was euthyroid, neonatal Graves' ophthalmopathy was diagnosed.
      He was managed by close observation while his mother was treated for her
      hyperthyroidism.

PMID- 3390418
TI  - Posterior penetrating injury of the orbit with retained foreign body.
AB  - A case of a retained orbital foreign body following a penetrating injury in a 2
      year-old boy is described. Diagnosis and management of such cases is discussed.

PMID- 3390419
TI  - Familial grouped pigmentation of the retinal pigment epithelium.
AB  - Grouped pigmentation of the retinal pigment epithelium was found in a father and
      his son. They had a normal resting potential on the electro-oculogram, but the
      son had a lower normal light rise. We believe this is the first description of
      familial grouped pigmentation.

PMID- 3390420
TI  - A longitudinal study of clinical and immunological findings in 52 patients with
      relapsing retinal vasculitis.
AB  - Fifty-two patients with retinal vasculitis--26 with idiopathic disease and 26
      with associated systemic inflammatory disease--were followed up for periods
      ranging from six months to 12 years. The aim of the study was to determine the
      relationship between relapse of uveitis, visual outcome, and the occurrence of
      circulating immune complexes (CIC) and antiretinal antibodies. In a total of 69
      relapses, CIC were increased in one-third of patients and antiretinal antibodies
      in one-half. In those 34 patients who expressed antiretinal antibodies 27 (79%)
      of the relapses were characterised by antiretinal antibodies in the absence of
      raised CIC levels (p less than 0.01). These findings support our previous
      hypothesis that CIC may have a protective role in autoimmune retinal vasculitis
      and that antiretinal autoimmunity is of pathogenetic importance in relapse. In
      individual patients the visual outcome was not related to the number of relapses
      or to the CIC-autoantibody pattern, suggesting the operation of additional
      features which merit identification.

PMID- 3390421
TI  - Conjunctival anaerobic and aerobic bacterial flora in paediatric versus adult
      subjects.
AB  - Although the bacterial flora of the conjunctiva in children and adults has been
      studied, there has been no previous comparison between these two age groups of
      anaerobic as well as aerobic bacteria. Conjunctival cultures from 229 eyes of 144
      uninfected subjects were analysed for aerobic, microaerophilic, and anaerobic
      bacteria. Adults showed a greater number of species per eye than did younger
      subjects (1.47 versus 1.13; p less than 0.05). Anaerobic species, predominantly
      Propionibacterium, were obtained from 27.1% of all eyes, but from a significantly
      greater percentage (30.2% versus 12.8%) of adults' than children's eyes (p less
      than 0.04). Streptococcus spp. were cultured from 14.9% of the children's eyes as
      opposed to only 2.2% from adults (p less than 0.005). Understanding the
      differences in conjunctival flora between normal adults and children aids the
      interpretation of culture results and leads to properly defining and treating
      potential pathogens.

PMID- 3390422
TI  - Incontinentia pigmenti: the development of pseudoglioma.
AB  - A case is described of incontinentia pigmenti in an infant with relatively normal
      retinae at seven days after birth who went on to total blindness by three months.
      This was due to excessive neovascularisation of retinae and vitreous, leading to
      bilateral pseudoglioma.

PMID- 3390423
TI  - Metastasis of choroidal melanoma to the contralateral choroid, orbit, and eyelid.
AB  - A 52-year-old woman was found to have a small juxtapapillary pigmented lesion in
      the choroid of the left eye. This lesion remained clinically stationary for one
      year, but subsequent growth prompted enucleation of the eye. The tumour was
      diagnosed histologically as a choroidal malignant melanoma of mixed cell type.
      Approximately 52 months later the patient developed proptosis of the
      contralateral (right) eye. Orbital ultrasonography showed a large mass in the
      right orbit, which was confirmed by needle biopsy to be a melanoma. In addition
      the patient was found to have metastatic melanoma to the choroid, right lower
      eyelid area, and liver. The development of simultaneous orbital, choroidal, and
      eyelid metastases from a contralateral choroidal melanoma is of ophthalmic
      interest and appears to be unique.

PMID- 3390424
TI  - Slit-lamp photography made easy by a spot metering system.
AB  - The use of a standard 35 mm camera with a spot metering system to take slit-lamp
      photographs is described. This system is mounted on a standard Haag-Streit slit
      lamp and can be used with good results even by inexperienced operators.

PMID- 3390425
TI  - Structural model for an oligonucleotide containing a bulged guanosine by NMR and
      energy minimization.
AB  - We present three-dimensional structural models for a DNA oligomer containing a
      bulged guanosine based on proton NMR data and energy minimization computations.
      The nonexchangeable proton resonances of the duplex 5'd(GATGGGCAG).d(CTGCGCCATC)
      are assigned by nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY) and correlated
      spectroscopy connectivities, and the NMR spectrum is compared with that of a
      regular 8-mer of similar sequence, 5'd(GATGGCAG).d(CTGCCATC). Experimental proton
      proton distances are obtained from NOESY spectra acquired with mixing times of
      100, 150, and 200 ms. A refined three-dimensional structure for the bulge
      containing duplex is calculated from regular B DNA starting coordinates by using
      the AMBER molecular mechanics program [Weiner, S. J., Kollman, P. A., Case, D.
      A., Singh, U. C., Ghio, C., Alagona, G., Profeta, S., & Weiner, P. (1984) J. Am.
      Chem. Soc. 106, 765-784]. We compare structures obtained by building the helix in
      three and four base pair increments with structures obtained by direct
      minimization of the entire nine base sequence, with and without experimental
      distance constraints. The general features of all the calculated structures are
      very similar. The helix is of the B family, with the extra guanine stacked into
      the helix, and the helix axis is bent by 18-23 degrees, in agreement with gel
      mobility data for bulge-containing sequences [Rice, J. A. (1987) Ph.D. Thesis,
      Yale University].

PMID- 3390426
TI  - Ultraviolet irradiation of nucleic acids: formation, purification, and solution
      conformational analyses of the cis-syn and trans-syn photodimers of UpU.
AB  - Uridylyl(3'-5')uridine (UpU) is subjected to aqueous acetone photosensitized
      radiation with sunlamps. These irradiation conditions form only cyclobutane-type
      photodimers. Purification of a specific configurational photodimer is
      accomplished by using C-18 reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography.
      Multinuclear NMR analysis is used to analyze photoproduct formation and to
      determine conformational features of these photodimers. Four photodimers are
      identified, with the cis-syn isomer predominant. The cis-syn and trans-syn
      photodimers of UpU exhibit markedly different furanose and exocyclic bond
      conformations. A comparison of the properties of the cis-syn dimers of UpU with
      those of dTpdT reveal many similar conformational features but also some that are
      different.

PMID- 3390427
TI  - Ultraviolet irradiation of nucleic acids: formation, purification, and solution
      conformational analyses of oligothymidylates containing cis-syn photodimers.
AB  - Acetone-photosensitized UV irradiation of three thymine oligomers, d(TpT),
      d(TpTpT), and d(TpTpTpT), forms predominantly cis-syn cyclobutyl photodimers. C
      18 reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography is used to purify the
      following positional isomers: d(TpT[p]T), d(T[p]TpT), d(TpTpT[p]T), d(TpT[p]TpT),
      d(T[p]TpTpT), and d(T[p]TpT[p]T), where T[p]T represents the cis-syn photodimer.
      Conformational properties of the cis-syn dimers and adjacent thymine nucleotides
      have been investigated in solution by using 1H, 13C, and 31P NMR spectroscopy.
      These studies show that (1) the photodimer conformation in longer
      oligothymidylates is similar to that in the dinucleoside monophosphate and (2)
      the cis-syn dimer induces alterations to a greater degree on the 5' side than on
      the 3' side of the photodimer. Specifically, the photodimer distorts the
      exocyclic bonds epsilon(C3'-O3') in Tp- and gamma(C5'-C4') in -pT[p]- on the 5'
      side and slightly alters the furanose equilibrium of the -pT nucleotide on the 3'
      side of the dimer.

PMID- 3390428
TI  - Elastin mRNA levels and insoluble elastin accumulation in neonatal rat smooth
      muscle cell cultures.
AB  - Insoluble elastin accumulation, elastin mRNA translational efficiencies, and
      elastin mRNA levels were evaluated in cultures of neonatal rat aortic smooth
      muscle cells grown for several days in consecutive passages. When the products of
      in vitro translation were immunoprecipitated with an anti-alpha-elastin antibody,
      a single 79,000-Da protein was obtained. Northern blot analysis also indicated an
      elastin mRNA species corresponding to approximately 4.2 kilobases. Insoluble
      elastin accumulation increased in cells cultured for 7-21 days in first through
      fourth passages, while with one exception, relative levels and translational
      activity of elastin mRNA decreased with time in culture. The data indicated that
      a simple relationship between elastin accumulation and elastin mRNA levels was
      not evident.

PMID- 3390429
TI  - Interaction of psoralen-derivatized oligodeoxyribonucleoside methylphosphonates
      with single-stranded DNA.
AB  - Oligodeoxyribonucleoside methylphosphonates derivatized at the 5' end with 4'
      (amino-alkyl)-4,5',8-trimethylpsoralen were prepared. The interaction of these
      psoralen-derivatized methylphosphonate oligomers with synthetic single-stranded
      DNAs 35 nucleotides in length was studied. Irradiation of a solution containing
      the 35-mer and its complementary methylphosphonate oligomer at 365 nm gave a
      cross-linked duplex produced by cycloaddition between the psoralen pyrone ring of
      the derivatized methylphosphonate oligomer and a thymine base of the DNA.
      Photoadduct formation could be reversed by irradiation at 254 nm. The rate and
      extent of cross-linking were dependent upon the length of the aminoalkyl linker
      between the trimethylpsoralen group and the 5' end of the methylphosphonate
      oligomer. Methylphosphonate oligomers derivatized with 4'-[[N-(2
      aminoethyl)amino]methyl]- 4,5',8-trimethylpsoralen gave between 70% and 85% cross
      linked product when irradiated for 20 min at 4 degrees C. Further irradiation did
      not increase cross-linking, and preirradiation of the psoralen-derivatized
      methylphosphonate oligomer at 365 nm reduced or prevented cross-linking. These
      results suggest that the methylphosphonate oligomers undergo both cross-linking
      and deactivation reactions when irradiated at 365 nm. The extent of cross-linking
      increased up to 10 microM oligomer concentration and dramatically decreased at
      temperatures above the estimated Tm of the methylphosphonate oligomer-DNA duplex.
      The cross-linking reaction was dependent upon the fidelity of base-pairing
      interactions between the methylphosphonate oligomers and the single-stranded DNA.
      Noncomplementary oligomers did not cross-link, and the extent of cross-linking of
      oligomers containing varying numbers of noncomplementary bases was greatly
      diminished or eliminated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3390430
TI  - Photoreactivities and thermal properties of psoralen cross-links.
AB  - We have studied the photoreaction of 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP), 4,5',8
      trimethylpsoralen (TMP), and 4'-(hydroxymethyl)-4,5',8-trimethylpsoralen (HMT)
      with a pair of 18-base-long oligonucleotides in which a 14-base region is
      complementary. Only one 5'TpA site, favored for both monoadduct and cross-link
      formation with psoralen, is present in this oligonucleotide pair. We have used
      this model system to demonstrate, for the first time, strand specificity in the
      photoreaction of psoralen with DNA. We found that the two types of cross-links
      which form at this site have large differences in thermal stabilities. In
      addition, the denaturation of each cross-link isomer duplex occurred in at least
      three stages, which can be visualized as three bands in thermal equilibrium under
      the conditions of a denaturing polyacrylamide gel. This novel observation
      suggests that there are several domains differing in thermal stability in a
      psoralen cross-link.

PMID- 3390431
TI  - Studies of electron-transfer properties of salicylate hydroxylase from
      Pseudomonas cepacia and effects of salicylate and benzoate binding.
AB  - The pH dependence of the redox behavior of salicylate hydroxylase from
      Pseudomonas cepacia as well as the effects of salicylate, benzoate, and chloride
      binding is described. At pH 7.6 in 0.02 M potassium phosphate buffer E1(0')(EFl
      ox/EFl.-) is -0.150 V and E2(0')(EFl.-/EFl red H-) is -0.040 V versus the
      standard hydrogen electrode (SHE). A maximum of 5% of FAD anion semiquinone is
      thermodynamically stabilized under these conditions. However, in coulometric and
      dithionite titrations more semiquinone is kinetically formed, indicating slow
      transfer of the second electron. The potential/pH dependence is consistent with a
      two-electron, one-proton transfer. Upon salicylate binding the midpoint potential
      is shifted 0.020 V negative from -0.094 to -0.114 V vs SHE at pH 7.6. A maximum
      of 7% of the neutral semiquinone is stabilized both in potentiometric and
      coulometric titrations. This small potential shift indicates that the substrate
      is bound nearly to the same extent to all three oxidation states of the enzyme.
      It is clear that the substrate binding does not make the reduction of the flavin
      thermodynamically more favorable. In contrast to salicylate, the potential shift
      caused by the effector, benzoate, is much more significant. (A maximum potential
      shift of -0.07 V is calculated.) Benzoate binds most tightly to the oxidized form
      and is least tightly bound to the two-electron-reduced form of the enzyme. For
      the reduction of the free enzyme the transfer of the second electron or the
      transfer of the proton is rate limiting, as is shown by the kinetic formation of
      the anionic semiquinone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3390432
TI  - Inactivation of gamma-aminobutyric acid aminotransferase by (Z)-4-amino-2
      fluorobut-2-enoic acid.
AB  - (Z)-4-Amino-2-fluorobut-2-enoic acid (1) is shown to be a mechanism-based
      inactivator of pig brain gamma-aminobutyric acid aminotransferase. Approximately
      750 inactivator molecules are consumed prior to complete enzyme inactivation.
      Concurrent with enzyme inactivation is the release of 708 +/- 79 fluoride ions;
      transamination occurs 737 +/- 15 times per inactivation event. Inactivation of
      [3H]pyridoxal 5'-phosphate ([3H]PLP) reconstituted GABA aminotransferase by 1
      followed by denaturation releases [3H]PMP with no radioactivity remaining
      attached to the protein. A similar experiment carried out with 4-amino-5
      fluoropent-2-enoic acid [Silverman, R. B., Invergo, B. J., & Mathew, J. (1986) J.
      Med. Chem. 29, 1840-1846] as the inactivator produces no [3H]PMP; rather, another
      radioactive species is released. These results support an inactivation mechanism
      for 1 that involves normal catalytic isomerization followed by active site
      nucleophilic attack on the activated Michael acceptor. A general hypothesis for
      predicting the inactivation mechanism (Michael addition vs enamine addition) of
      GABA aminotransferase inactivators is proposed.

PMID- 3390433
TI  - Mechanism of the chain extension step in the biosynthesis of fatty acids.
AB  - The chain extension step in the enzymatic synthesis of fatty acids by fatty acid
      synthase, involving a formal Claisen condensation of thio esters, has been
      clarified by theoretical calculations for model systems, using the modified
      neglect of diatomic overlap and Austin Model 1 parametric self-consistent field
      molecular orbital procedures. The reaction involves a free carbanion, formed by
      decarboxylation of a malonate ion. Formation of the carbanion and condensation
      with the fatty acid thio ester are not concerted. The decarboxylation is strongly
      endothermic. It is brought about by electrostatic interaction (field effect) with
      an ammonium ion derived from an adjacent lysine residue, the ions being far
      enough apart to inhibit proton transfer between them. Proton transfer would lead
      to an enol that is predicted not to be able to undergo the Claisen condensation.
      The formation of the ammonium ion is considered in terms of the pKa of the
      relevant groups. The bearing of this work on a recent interpretation of the
      activity and selectivity of enzyme reactions is discussed, and some
      misunderstandings concerning this interpretation are clarified.

PMID- 3390434
TI  - Time-resolved and static resonance Raman spectroscopy of horseradish peroxidase
      intermediates.
AB  - By using pulsed and continuous wave laser irradiation in the 350-450-nm region,
      we have characterized Raman scattering from horseradish peroxidase (HRP)
      compounds I and II and from iron porphyrin pi-cation radical model compounds. For
      compound II we support the suggestion [Terner, J., Sitter, A. J., & Reczek, C. M.
      (1985) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 828, 73-80; Proniewicz, L. M., Bajdor, K., &
      Nakamoto, K. (1986) J. Phys. Chem. 90, 1760-1766] that resonance enhancement of
      the FeIV = O vibration proceeds by way of a charge-transfer state. Our excitation
      profile data locate this state at approximately 400 nm. Compound I was prepared
      at neutral pH by rapid mixing of the resting enzyme with hydrogen peroxide. Each
      sample aliquot was excited by a single, 10-ns laser pulse to generate the Raman
      spectrum; optical spectroscopy following the Raman measurement confirmed that HRP
      I was the principal product during the time scale of the measurement. The Raman
      spectrum of this species, however, is not characteristic of that which we observe
      from metalloporphyrin pi-cation radicals [Oertling, W. A., Salehi, A., Chung, Y.,
      Leroi, G. E., Chang, C. K., & Babcock, G. T. (1987) J. Phys. Chem. 91, 5887
      5898], including the iron porphyrin cation radicals reported here. Instead, the
      spectrum recorded for HRP-I at neutral pH is suggestive of an oxoferryl heme with
      the same geometric and electronic structure as that of HRP-II at high
      pH.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3390435
TI  - Human and chick alpha 2(I) collagen mRNA: comparison of the 5' end in osteoblasts
      and fibroblasts.
AB  - Type I collagen, a heterotrimer of two alpha 1(I) chains and one alpha 2(I)
      chain, is the major structural protein of bone, skin, and tendon. The collagen of
      patients with bone diseases has been studied in skin fibroblasts instead of
      osteoblasts because the genes for type I collagen are single-copy genes. While
      these studies should detect structural changes in the gene, they might fail to
      detect defects in processes which are dependent on tissue-specific expression.
      The studies reported here sought to determine whether the expression of type I
      collagen in skin and bone was characterized by the use of alternate promoters or
      alternative splicing in the N-propeptide region. Primer extension and nuclease S1
      protection experiments were used to analyze the structure of the alpha 2(I) mRNA
      from the 5' end of the gene through the N-telopeptide coding region (exons 1-6)
      in human and chick osteoblasts and fibroblasts. The protection and primer
      extension experiments using human and chick mRNA demonstrated identical routes of
      splicing in skin and bone at the first five splice junctions. These studies
      provide reassurance that information obtained from the study of type I collagen
      in fibroblasts may be extrapolated to bone.

PMID- 3390436
TI  - Kinetic mechanism of calcium binding to whiting parvalbumin.
AB  - Calcium binding to whiting parvalbumin induces large changes in the fluorescence,
      absorption, and circular dichroism spectra of the protein. The fluorescence
      emission maximum of the single tryptophan shifts from 325 to 348 nm upon the
      removal of calcium and decreases in intensity by 50%. All of the spectral changes
      are linear between 0 and 2 mol of calcium bound/mol of protein, which suggests
      that the only protein species present in significant concentration are PA0 and Pa
      Ca2. The kinetics of calcium binding measured by stopped-flow fluorescence are
      accurately single exponential from 2 X 10(-7) to 2 X 10(-4) M free calcium. The
      kinetics of calcium dissociation show a pronounced lag and are best fit by two
      rate constants of 1.2 and 3.0 s-1. The minimal kinetic mechanism that adequately
      describes the rate and equilibrium data is a branched pathway mechanism in which
      the rate and equilibrium constants are markedly different for each pathway:
      (formula; see text) At [Ca] less than 2 microM the upper kinetic pathway of
      calcium binding predominates whereas at [Ca] greater than 2 microM calcium
      binding occurs predominantly by the lower kinetic pathway. Calcium dissociates
      primarily by the upper kinetic pathway.

PMID- 3390437
TI  - Lifetime and quenching of tryptophan fluorescence in whiting parvalbumin.
AB  - The fluorescence lifetime of the single tryptophan in whiting parvalbumin has
      been measured by time-correlated single-photon counting. In the presence of
      saturating calcium, greater than 2 mol/mol of protein, the decay of fluorescence
      is accurately single exponential with a lifetime of 4.6 ns (0.1 M KCl, 20 mM
      borate, 1 mM dithiothreitol, 20 degrees C, pH 9). Upon complete removal of
      calcium from parvalbumin with ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)
      N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid the emission decay becomes biphasic, and a second more
      rapid decay process with a lifetime of 1.3 ns comprising approximately 18% of the
      fluorescence emission at 350 nm is observed. The fluorescence emission of the
      calcium-saturated form is not measurably quenched by iodide. In contrast, upon
      complete removal of calcium, the fluorescence is completely quenchable as shown
      by extrapolation of the data to infinite iodide concentration. These results
      indicate that there is a large increase in the accessibility of the tryptophan
      residue in the protein to solvent upon removal of calcium. Stern-Volmer plots of
      the quenching data are nonlinear and indicate that there is more than one
      quenchable conformation of the calcium-free protein. The lifetime and quenching
      results are consistent with the presence of significant concentrations of only
      two stoichiometric species, apoparvalbumin and parvalbumin--Ca2, at partial
      occupancy of the calcium binding sites.

PMID- 3390438
TI  - Purification and properties of an 18-kilodalton, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3
      modulated protein from embryonic chick intestine.
AB  - An 18,000-dalton protein (pI = 5.1) shown previously to be modulated by 1,25
      dihydroxyvitamin D3 was purified to allow its further characterization. This
      protein from embryonic chick intestine was shown to comigrate during two
      dimensional electrophoresis with an abundant protein from the intestine of 4-week
      old chickens. The protein was purified from 4-week chick intestine and analyzed
      for amino acid composition, and 28 amino acids of its N-terminal sequence were
      determined. The N-terminal amino acid sequence had significant homology to
      cellular retinol binding protein II, an intestinal protein that has been recently
      sequenced. The purified 18-kilodalton protein was shown to bind retinol by
      fluorescence spectrophotometry. This 18-kilodalton protein is dramatically
      changed by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in the chick embryonic organ culture system.
      Therefore, further study of it may lead to a better understanding of vitamin A
      and D interaction and how 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 acts through proteins to
      stimulate intestinal calcium and phosphate transport.

PMID- 3390439
TI  - Localization of the active site of diphtheria toxin.
AB  - Information about the location of the active site of diphtheria toxin was derived
      from proteolysis studies and an analysis of its sequence. It was found that a
      specific trypsin cleavage within whole diphtheria toxin occurs at Lys-39.
      Therefore, Lys-39 appears to be a surface residue. Furthermore, protection from
      proteolysis could be obtained upon binding of either the substrate beta
      nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (oxidized form) (NAD+) or a competing ligand,
      adenylyl(3'-5')uridine 3'-phosphate (ApUp). The protection by ApUp, which binds
      to the toxin very tightly, required only stoichiometric levels. The most likely
      explanation of these results is that both NAD+ binding and ApUp binding block
      trypsin either through a steric mechanism or through a local conformational
      change, suggesting Lys-39 may be near the active site. Further evidence
      supporting this conclusion comes from comparison of the previously determined
      sequences of diphtheria toxin and of Pseudomonas exotoxin A, a protein that
      catalyzes an identical reaction. We find a significant degree of homology between
      the N-terminal halves of the catalytic domains of these two proteins, which
      apparently represents active-site residues, and that Lys-39 is in the center of
      the homologous sequence. Furthermore, the location of the amino acid that is the
      homologue of Lys-39 within the crystal structure of Pseudomonas exotoxin A is
      also in agreement with a location in or near the active site. Other unusual
      features in the sequences of diphtheria toxin and Pseudomonas exotoxin A are also
      described, and on the basis of the experiments presented, a possible function for
      ApUp is considered.

PMID- 3390440
TI  - Renaturation of formiminotransferase-cyclodeaminase from guanidine hydrochloride.
      Quaternary structure requirements for the activities and polyglutamate
      specificity.
AB  - Formiminotransferase-cyclodeaminase denatured in 6 M guanidine hydrochloride
      (Gdn.HCl) refolds and reassembles to the native octameric structure upon dilution
      into buffer. Both enzymic activities are recovered to greater than 90%, and the
      renatured enzyme "channels" the formiminotetrahydropteroylpentaglutamate
      intermediate. Under conditions where the two activities are recovered
      simultaneously, the rate-limiting step in reactivation is first order with
      respect to protein, with k = 1.9 X 10(-5) s-1 at 22 degrees C and delta E
      approximately equal to 15 kcal mol-1. In the presence of 1.5 M urea, renaturation
      is arrested at the level of dimers having only transferase activity. Subsequent
      dialysis to remove the urea leads to recovery of deaminase activity and formation
      of octamer. Kinetic studies with mono- and pentaglutamate derivatives of the
      folate substrates demonstrated that native and renatured enzyme as well as
      deaminase-active dimers [Findlay, W. A., & MacKenzie, R. E (1987) Biochemistry
      26, 1948-1954] have much higher affinity for polyglutamate substrates, while the
      transferase-active dimers do not. These results indicate that the transferase
      activity is associated with one type of subunit-subunit interaction in the native
      tetramer of dimers and that the polyglutamate binding site and the deaminase
      activity are associated with the other interface. A dimeric transferase-active
      fragment generated by limited proteolysis of the native enzyme can also be
      renatured from 6 M Gdn.HCl, confirming that it is an independently folding domain
      capable of reforming one type of subunit interaction.

PMID- 3390441
TI  - Influence of molecular packing and phospholipid type on rates of cholesterol
      exchange.
AB  - The rates of [14C]cholesterol transfer from small unilamellar vesicles containing
      cholesterol dissolved in bilayers of different phospholipids have been determined
      to examine the influence of phospholipid-cholesterol interactions on the rate of
      cholesterol desorption from the lipid-water interface. The phospholipids included
      unsaturated phosphatidylcholines (PC's) (egg PC, dioleoyl-PC, and soybean PC),
      saturated PC (dimyristoyl-PC and dipalmitoyl-PC), and sphingomyelins (SM's) (egg
      SM, bovine brain SM, and N-palmitoyl-SM). At 37 degrees C, for vesicles
      containing 10 mol% cholesterol, the half-times for exchange are about 1, 13, and
      80 h, respectively, for unsaturated PC, saturated PC, and SM. In order to probe
      how differences in molecular packing in the bilayers cause the rate constants for
      cholesterol desorption to be in the order unsaturated PC greater than saturated
      PC greater than SM, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and monolayer methods were
      used to evaluate the cholesterol physical state and interactions with
      phospholipid. The NMR relaxation parameters for [4-13C]cholesterol reveal no
      differences in molecular dynamics in the above bilayers. Surface pressure (pi)
      molecular area isotherms for mixed monolayers of cholesterol and the above
      phospholipids reveal that SM lateral packing density is greater than that of the
      PC with the same acyl chain saturation and length (e.g., at pi = 5 mN/m, where
      both monolayers are in the same physical state, dipalmitoyl-PC and palmitoyl-SM
      occupy 87 and 81 A2/molecule, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3390442
TI  - Structure of a bent DNA: two-dimensional NMR studies on d(GAAAATTTTC)2.
AB  - Intrinsic DNA bending is caused by specific DNA sequences. The decamer
      d(GA4T4C)2, when it repeats in a synthetic polymer or in kinetoplast DNA, results
      in a macroscopic bending of the molecule as a whole. We employed high-resolution
      two-dimensional NMR methods to examine the intrinsic structural properties of the
      d(GA4T4C)2 duplex in solution. Examination of the NOESY data at 50- and 100-ms
      mixing times indicated that the kinds of observed NOEs can originate if each of
      the ten nucleotidyl residues belongs to the B-DNA family, i.e., C2'-endo,anti.
      However, the degree of observed NOE intensities from the A-T junction as well as
      the observed AH2-AH2 cross-peaks from adjacent AT pairs could not be rationalized
      on the basis of a straight B-DNA model but could be explained by only a B-DNA
      model with some structural discontinuity at the A-T junction--the site of 2-fold
      symmetry in the molecule. In view of the fact that the degree of observed NOE
      intensities can be complicated by spin diffusion and by fine structural
      distortion, we have resorted to the use of quantitative theoretical NOESY
      simulation (which takes into account primary, secondary, and higher orders of
      NOE) to delineate the structural discontinuity at the A-T junction and to arrive
      at a structure for the duplex d(GA4T4C)2. We propose a "junction B-DNA model"
      which can quantitatively explain the 2D NOESY data at 100- and 50-ms mixing
      times. In this model the two structural blocks in the molecule, i.e.,
      d(GA4).d(T4C) and d(T4C).d(GA4), are conformationally equivalent and are
      connected at the A-T junction where the base pairs are stably stacked, but the
      two local structural frames do not coincide in space. This model can create an
      overall bending of 10 degrees with a center of curvature 50 A away from the
      center of the duplex. It is the thesis of this paper that the observed bending in
      polymers with a repeat of d(GA4T4C)2 and the bending in natural DNAs where
      AnTn.AnTn repeats are present originate at the oligonucleotide repeat level.

PMID- 3390443
TI  - Ca2+-induced lateral phase separation in phosphatidic acid/phosphatidylcholine
      monolayers as revealed by fluorescence microscopy.
AB  - Phase separation in mixed monolayers of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and pyrene
      labeled phosphatidic acid (PA) was observed by fluorescence microscopy on an
      air/water interface as a function of subphase Ca2+ concentration and lateral
      packing pressure of the film. Below 45 mN m-1 and in the absence of Ca2+ no
      indications of phase immiscibility were observed. Addition of 1 mM Ca2+ caused
      extensive phase separation, which was evident immediately after spreading of the
      film. Further increase in Ca2+ concentration up to 30 mM increased the pyrene
      excimer intensity of the separated phosphatidic acid enriched domains. In the
      presence of Ca2+ (1-30 mM) and at surface pressures below 10 mN m-1 phase
      separation was always evident. However, as surface pressure exceeded 10 mN m-1,
      mixing of PC and PA occurred. Upon decompression of the film, phase separation
      reappeared at surface pressures close to 10 mN m-1. The surface textures of the
      film before and after the compression and subsequent relaxation were different.
      Inclusion of 30 mol% cholesterol increased the number and decreased the size of
      the PA domains. In films containing 50 mol% cholesterol no phase separation could
      be detected at the resolution available.

PMID- 3390444
TI  - Lateral interactions among phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine head
      groups in phospholipid monolayers and bilayers.
AB  - We develop theory for the lateral interactions among the zwitterionic head groups
      of phospholipids in monolayers and bilayers, particularly phosphatidylcholine
      (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). With the P- end of the head group
      anchored at the water/hydrocarbon interface, a balance of two effects dictates
      the angle that the P--N+ dipole makes with respect to the plane of the bilayer:
      N+ is driven toward water due to the (Born) electrostatic free energy, but the
      hydrophobic effect drives the methyl and methylene groups around the N+ charge
      toward the hydrocarbon. The only adjustable parameter of the model is the average
      fluctuation of the oil/water interface or, alternatively, the dielectric constant
      of the hydrocarbon phase. The model predicts that at 5 degrees C the head group
      dipole should lie largely in the bilayer plane, in accord with X-ray, neutron
      diffraction, and NMR studies. The theory makes the novel prediction that the N+
      end of the dipole becomes increasingly submerged in hydrocarbon with increasing
      temperature, leading to strongly enhanced lateral repulsion between PC head
      groups. This prediction is in good agreement with second and third viral
      coefficients of monolayer lateral pressures, and with the temperature dependence
      of the former. The theoretical model is consistent with head group fluctuations
      measured by neutron diffraction of PC and PE bilayers. Because PE has a smaller
      hydrophobic cluster near N+, its lateral repulsion should be much smaller and
      less temperature dependent than for PC, also in agreement with equation-of-state
      measurements. This suggests why at high density PE monolayers have higher melting
      temperatures than PC monolayers and more propensity for reversed curvature.

PMID- 3390445
TI  - Phosphatidylinositol-anchored glycoproteins of PC12 pheochromocytoma cells and
      brain.
AB  - PC12 pheochromocytoma cells and cultures of early postnatal rat cerebellum were
      labeled with [3H]glucosamine, [3H]fucose, [3H]leucine, [3H]ethanolamine, or
      sodium [35S]sulfate and treated with a phosphatidylinositol-specific
      phospholipase C. Enzyme treatment of [3H]glucosamine- or [3H]fucose-labeled PC12
      cells led to a 15-fold increase in released glycoproteins. On sodium dodecyl
      sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, most of the released material
      migrated as a broad band with an apparent molecular size of 32,000 daltons (Da),
      which was specifically immunoprecipitated by a monoclonal antibody to the Thy-1
      glycoprotein. A second glycoprotein, with an apparent molecular size of 158,000
      Da, was also released. After treatment with endo-beta-galactosidase, 40-45% of
      the [3H]glucosamine or [3H]fucose radioactivity in the phospholipase-released
      glycoproteins was converted to products of disaccharide size, and the molecular
      size of the 158-kDa glycoprotein decreased to 145 kDa, demonstrating that it
      contains fucosylated poly-(N-acetyllactosaminyl) oligosaccharides. The
      phospholipase also released labeled Thy-1 and the 158-kDa glycoprotein from PC12
      cells cultured in the presence of [3H]ethanolamine, which specifically labels
      this component of the phosphatidylinositol membrane-anchoring sequence, while in
      the lipid-free protein residue of cells not treated with phospholipase, Thy-1 and
      a doublet at 46/48 kDa were the only labeled proteins. At least eight early
      postnatal rat brain glycoproteins also appear to be anchored to the membrane by
      phosphatidylinositol. Sulfated glycoproteins of 155, 132/134, 61, and 21 kDa are
      the predominant species released by phospholipase, which does not affect a major
      44-kDa protein seen in [3H]ethanolamine-labeled brain cultures. The 44-48- and
      155/158-kDa proteins may be common to both PC12 cells and brain.

PMID- 3390446
TI  - Evidence that the two amino termini of plasma fibronectin are in close proximity:
      a fluorescence energy transfer study.
AB  - A fluorescence energy transfer technique has been used to study the
      intramolecular distance between the two amino termini of human plasma
      fibronectin. The glutamine-3 residue near the amino terminus of each chain was
      labeled enzymatically with either monodansylcadaverine or
      monofluoresceinylcadaverine by use of coagulation factor XIIIa. The nonradiative
      fluorescence energy transfer between the dansyl (donor) and fluorescein
      (acceptor) pair in the same protein molecule was determined from steady-state
      fluorescence measurements. On the basis of the transfer efficiency of 78%, the
      intramolecular distance between two glutamine-3 residues of fibronectin was
      estimated to be approximately 23 A, suggesting that the two amino termini of
      plasma fibronectin are in close proximity. High salt, which affects the
      hydrodynamic properties of the protein, has no effect on the measured distance.
      The results support the contention that both compact (in low salt) and expanded
      (in high salt) conformers of fibronectin are relatively spherical in shape.

PMID- 3390447
TI  - Anisotropy and anharmonicity of atomic fluctuations in proteins: implications for
      X-ray analysis.
AB  - The effects of anisotropy and anharmonicity of the atomic fluctuations on the
      results of crystallographic refinement of proteins are examined. Atomic
      distribution functions from a molecular dynamics simulation for lysozyme are
      introduced into a real-space (electron density) refinement procedure for
      individual atoms. Several models for the atomic probability distributions are
      examined. When isotropic, harmonic motion is assumed, the largest discrepancies
      between the true first moments (means) and second moments (B factors) of the
      positions calculated from the dynamics and the fitted values occur for
      probability densities with multiple peaks. The refined mean is at the center of
      the largest peak, and the refined B factor is slightly larger than that of the
      largest peak, unless the distance between the peaks is small compared to the peak
      width. The resulting values are often significantly different from the true first
      and second moments of the distribution. To improve the results, alternate
      conformations, rather than anharmonic corrections, should be included.

PMID- 3390448
TI  - 8-bromoadenosine cyclic 3',5'-phosphate rapidly increases 3-hydroxy-3
      methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase mRNA in human granulosa cells: role of
      cellular sterol balance in controlling the response to tropic stimulation.
AB  - Exposure of cultured human granulosa cells to 8-bromoadenosine cyclic 3',5'
      phosphate (8-bromo-cAMP) resulted in a rapid increase in the content of the mRNA
      for 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, a rate-limiting
      enzyme in the de novo synthesis of cholesterol. HMG-CoA reductase mRNA levels
      increased within 2 h of stimulation and remained elevated for at least 6 h.
      Treatment of granulosa cells with 25-hydroxycholesterol, a soluble cholesterol
      analogue, in combination with aminoglutethimide to block conversion of cellular
      sterols to pregnenolone, resulted in suppression of HMG-CoA reductase mRNA. When
      cells were stimulated with 8-bromo-cAMP in the presence of 25-hydroxycholesterol
      and aminoglutethimide, the increase in HMG-CoA reductase mRNA provoked by the
      tropic agent was markedly attenuated. This indicates that 8-bromo-cAMP raises HMG
      CoA reductase mRNA levels indirectly by accelerating steroidogenesis and
      depleting cellular sterol pools, thus relieving sterol-mediated negative feedback
      of HMG-CoA reductase gene expression. 25-Hydroxycholesterol in the presence of
      aminoglutethimide suppressed low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor mRNA, but 8
      bromo-cAMP effected a significant stimulation of LDL receptor mRNA levels when
      added with hydroxysterol and aminoglutethimide. These findings reveal
      differential regulation of HMG-CoA reductase and LDL receptor mRNAs in the
      presence of sterol negative feedback.

PMID- 3390449
TI  - Reactive line-shape narrowing in low-temperature inhomogeneous geminate
      recombination of CO to myoglobin.
AB  - The temporal shift in the near-IR absorption peak of myoglobin (Mb) following
      flash photolysis of MbCO at cryogenic temperatures appears to be due largely to
      an inhomogeneous reactive process rather than to relaxation. This conclusion,
      which follows from a new analysis of the experimental data, is based on the
      following three points: First, at very low temperatures (60 K) a transient line
      narrowing effect can be detected. Second, there is a universal, temperature
      independent, correlation between spectral shift and survival probability in the
      rebinding kinetics, and third, the same quantitative model which accounts for
      rebinding accounts semiquantitatively for the temporal shift in the peak. A fit
      to the model indicates that the inhomogeneous broadening of the near-IR peak in
      myoglobin is 15-20% of the total width. The same rebinding process which governs
      the loss of intensity of this peak is therefore most likely responsible for the
      shift in its center wavelength.

PMID- 3390450
TI  - Reactivity of horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase with 3-methylcyclohexanols.
AB  - The specificity of horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase for cyclohexanol and its 3
      methyl derivatives was investigated by stopped-flow and initial velocity kinetic
      studies. The (1S,3S)-3-methylcyclohexanol was 7 times more reactive (V/Km) than
      cyclohexanol, whereas the (1R,3R)-3-methylcyclohexanol was at least 1000 times
      less reactive than its enantiomer. Computer simulation of the transient reaction
      of NAD+ and the cyclohexanols catalyzed by the enzyme suggests that the rate of
      transfer of hydrogen from the alcohol to NAD+ is increased with the 1S,3S isomer.
      Modeling of the three-dimensional structure of the ternary complex of the enzyme
      suggests that the 1S,3S isomer should only bind in a productive, reactive mode,
      whereas the 1R,3R isomer would bind predominantly in a nonproductive, inhibitory
      mode.

PMID- 3390451
TI  - Evidence for the presence of a [2Fe-2S] ferredoxin in bean sprouts.
AB  - An iron-sulfur protein with properties similar to those of ferredoxins found in
      the leaves of higher plants has been isolated from bean sprouts--a non
      photosynthetic plant tissue. The bean sprout protein has a molecular mass of 12.5
      kDa and appears to contain a single [2Fe-2S] cluster. The absorbance and circular
      dichroism spectra of the bean sprout protein resemble those of spinach leaf
      ferredoxin and the bean sprout protein can replace spinach ferredoxin as an
      electron donor for NADP+ reduction, nitrite reduction and thioredoxin reduction
      by spinach leaf enzymes. Although the reduced bean sprout protein (Em = -440 mV)
      is a slightly stronger reductant than spinach ferredoxin and appears to be less
      acidic than spinach ferredoxin, the two proteins are similar enough so that the
      bean sprout protein is recognized by an antibody raised against spinach
      ferredoxin.

PMID- 3390452
TI  - Binding of 13-HODE and 5-, 12- and 15-HETE to endothelial cells and subsequent
      platelet, neutrophil and tumor cell adhesion.
AB  - Some studies report that endothelial cells preferentially take up the
      lipoxygenase-derived arachidonic acid metabolite, 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid
      (5-HETE), released from stimulated leukocytes (polymorphonuclear leukocytes,
      PMNs), whereas others report that endothelial cells preferentially take up 12
      HETE released from platelets. The biological relevance of these observations,
      however, is unknown. Recently, we and others have found that, under basal
      conditions, endothelial cells, PMNs and tumor cells metabolize linoleic acid via
      the lipoxygenase enzyme to 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (13-HODE). We propose
      that endogenous levels of these metabolites regulate blood-vessel wall cell
      adhesion. In this study, we have measured (1) the relative binding of 5-, 12- and
      15-HETE, and 13-HODE to endothelial cell monolayers, and (2) their effects on
      endothelial cell adhesivity with platelets, PMNs and tumor cells. There was a
      dose-related and specific binding of 5-[3H]HETE to endothelial cells but no
      binding of 12- or 15-HETE or 13-HODE. Platelet or PMN adhesion to endothelial
      cells was unaffected by the 5-HETE binding, but tumor cell adhesion was blocked
      by 40% (P less than 0.01). Interestingly, preincubation of endothelial cells with
      13-HODE, 12-HETE or 15-HETE decreased platelet adhesion to endothelial cells (P
      less than 0.05), even though these metabolites did not bind to the endothelial
      cells. We conclude that 5-HETE preferentially binds to endothelial cells and
      interferes with a specific receptor for tumor cells, whereas the other
      metabolites neither bind to cells nor affect cell adhesion.

PMID- 3390453
TI  - The glycosphingolipids of human prostate tissue.
AB  - Neutral glycolipids and gangliosides from surgical samples of benign human
      prostate tissue were analyzed by chemical, enzymatic and immunostaining
      procedures. The neutral glycolipids consisted of ceramide mono-, di-, tri- and
      tetrahexosides of the globo series plus paragloboside. The monosialoganglioside
      fraction contained GM3 and GM1 plus multiple species of monosialylated
      lactosamine-containing structures, including sialyl-alpha-2----3paragloboside
      plus at least two compounds having a non-reducing terminal sialyl alpha 2----6Gal
      linkage. The disialoganglioside fraction contained GD3 as the major component
      plus GD1a, GD2 and GD1b. GT1b was the major trisialoganglioside.

PMID- 3390454
TI  - Hydrolysis of low-density lipoprotein phospholipids in arterial smooth muscle
      cells.
AB  - The hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine (PC) associated with low-density
      lipoprotein (LDL) by homogenates of smooth muscle cells from rabbit aorta was
      studied. 1-Palmitoyl-2-[14C]oleoylPC associated with LDL (LDL-P[14C]OPC) or 1
      linoleoyl-2-[14C]linoleoylPC associated with LDL (LDL-L[14C]LPC) was used as the
      substrate. The optimum pH for the formation of [14C]oleoyllysoPC from LDL
      P[14C]OPC and for the formation of [14C]linoleoyllysoPC from LDL-L[14C]LPC was pH
      4.5, and pH 4.5 and 7.0, respectively. These activities were designated as
      phospholipase A1 activities. The optimum pH values for the formation of
      [14C]oleate from LDL-L[14C]OPC and for the formation of [14C]linoleate from LDL
      L[14C]LPC were pH 4.5 and 6.5, and pH 4.5, 6.5 and 8.5, respectively. These
      activities were designated as phospholipase A2 activities. Ca2+ did not affect
      acid phospholipase A1 activity, but decreased acid phospholipase A2 activity for
      the hydrolysis of LDL-L[14C]LPC. When smooth muscle cells were incubated with
      LDL, both phospholipase A1 and phospholipase A2 activities at pH 4.5 for the
      hydrolysis of LDL-L[14C]LPC increased significantly. These results indicate that
      phospholipases A1 and A2, which hydrolyze PC associated with LDL, exist in
      arterial smooth muscle cells and are involved in the metabolism of LDL
      incorporated into these cells.

PMID- 3390455
TI  - Identification of 3-dehydroretinol (vitamin A2) in mouse liver.
AB  - 3-Dehydroretinol (vitamin A2) and its long-chain fatty acyl esters have been
      isolated from hairless mouse liver by high-performance liquid chromatography
      (HPLC). In adult animals, these compounds amount to 1-2 micrograms/g liver,
      corresponding to 1-2% of the retinol (vitamin A1) concentration. Studies on the
      regulation of 3-dehydroretinol levels in liver showed that the age and vitamin A
      status of the animal affect the levels, but the relative proportions of retinol
      and 3-dehydroretinol are constant.

PMID- 3390456
TI  - Phosphatidylcholine metabolism in cultured cells: catabolism via
      glycerophosphocholine.
AB  - The catabolism of phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) has been studied in cultured
      murine neuroblastoma (N1E-115), C6 glioma, rat brain primary glia, and human
      fibroblast cells. Cells were pulse labelled for 96 h with [methyl-3H]choline
      followed by a chase for up to 24 h in medium containing 4 mM choline. Measurement
      of the radioactivity and mass of choline-containing compounds in these cells
      indicated that the major degradative pathway is PtdCho----lysophosphatidylcholine
      (lysoPtdCho)----glycerophosphocholine (GroPCho)----choline. At all times during
      the chase, PtdCho, sphingomyelin and lysoPtdCho comprised 72-92% of the cell
      associated radioactivity; the remaining 10-30% was water-soluble and was chiefly
      GroPCho (30-80%) in all cell lines. In fibroblasts, however, phosphocholine
      (PCho) was also a major labelled water-soluble component (33-54%). The specific
      activity of GroPCho closely parallelled that of PtdCho in fibroblasts, but
      decreased faster than PtdCho in C6 and N1E-115 cells. We postulate that this may
      be due to distinct pools of PtdCho in the cell with differing rates of turnover.
      The changes in specific activity of PCho suggest that the major portion is formed
      by synthesis rather than as a degradative product. However, the inability to
      reduce the specific activity of this fraction to that of the intracellular
      choline suggests that a portion may be derived from either PtdCho or GroPCho.

PMID- 3390457
TI  - Region-specific distribution of glycosphingolipids in the rabbit gastrointestinal
      tract: preferential enrichment of sulfoglycolipids in the mucosal regions exposed
      to acid.
AB  - Neutral and acidic glycosphingolipids from various regions of the rabbit
      gastrointestinal tract showed different but characteristic patterns. In
      particular, sulfatides were found to be present in high concentrations in the
      mucosal regions frequently exposed to gastric acid, such as the gastric mucosa
      and proximal intestinal mucosa (duodenum and jejunum). The majority of sulfatides
      in these tissues have been identified as GalCer-I3-sulfate, with alpha-hydroxy
      long-chain fatty acids, by chemical procedures including analysis by negative ion
      fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. The concentrations of GalCer-I3-sulfate
      in the fundic mucosa, antral mucosa, duodenum, and jejunum were 394.0, 356.9,
      829.3, and 378.1 nmol/g of dry weight, respectively. These concentrations exceed
      those in the kidney, which has been reported to contain the highest concentration
      of sulfatides, with the exception of the nervous system, also, especially in the
      fundic mucosa, gangliosides were drastically reduced, in contrast to sulfatides:
      the molar ratio of sulfatides to GM3, the major ganglioside, was about 11:1. In
      addition, in the acid hydrolysis experiment, using the same concentration of HCl
      as that present in the gastric juices, sulfatide proved to be much more resistant
      to acid than GM3. Therefore, the preferential distribution of sulfatides in the
      mucosal regions exposed to acid may be related to mucosal functions, such as acid
      secretion and protection from acidic environments.

PMID- 3390458
TI  - Neutral lipid transfer and lipolysis convert high molecular weight LDL from
      cholesterol-fed nonhuman primates towards normal: a molecular analysis.
AB  - In cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) fed an atherogenic diet, large,
      cholesterol ester-rich LDL (Mr greater than 3.5.10(6] are found at the same time
      that the plasma triacylglycerol levels are low. We studied whether the presence
      of higher concentrations of triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins (VLDL) during in
      vitro incubations would allows depletion from LDL of cholesterol ester and a
      decreased LDL molecular weight. Three high Mr LDL (Mr = (3.7-4.8).10(6)), rich in
      cholesterol ester (50 +/- 1.4% by weight), were isolated from three animals by
      zonal ultracentrifugation, and were then incubated with human VLDL at 37 degrees
      C for 18 h in lipoprotein-deficient human plasma containing neutral lipid
      transfer activity. After incubation, modified LDL (M-LDL) was isolated by zonal
      ultracentrifugation. M-LDL was triacylglycerol-rich (36 +/- 5% by weight) and
      cholesterol ester-poor (20 +/- 3%), and cholesterol ester had transferred into
      VLDL. Purified lipoprotein lipase was added to the M-LDL, and triacylglycerol was
      hydrolyzed. The size of the post-lipolysis M-LDL (Mp-LDL) particles became
      smaller (mean diameters of 253 A and 228 A for two native LDLs and 215 A and 193
      A for Mp-LDL, respectively). Both analytical and zonal ultracentrifugation showed
      Mp-LDL to be more dense than native LDL. Estimated molecular weights for Mp-LDL
      were 40%-50% less than that of the original LDL, and fell within the molecular
      weight range for normal human and monkey LDL. Lipid exchanges, but not apoprotein
      transfers, were responsible for LDL remodelling, as supported by three separate
      methods of analysis. Cholesterol ester losses accounted for about two-thirds of
      the molecular weight decrease. These in vitro results suggest that cholesterol
      ester enrichment of apoprotein B lipoprotein particles can be reversed by
      providing adequate levels of VLDL in the presence of neutral lipid transfer
      processes and lipolytic activity.

PMID- 3390459
TI  - Uptake, metabolism and release of carnitine and acylcarnitines in the perfused
      rat liver.
AB  - The uptake and release of carnitine and isovalerylcarnitine have been studied in
      the perfused rat liver. Labelled carnitine accumulates in rat livers perfused
      with 50 or 500 microM [3H]carnitine. When alpha-ketoisocaproate (5 mM) is added
      to the perfusate after 30 min of perfusion, the net uptake of carnitine in the
      liver stops, and there is even a decrease in liver radioactivity. The decrease in
      liver carnitine can be attributed to an enhanced formation and efflux to the
      perfusate of short-chain acylcarnitines. Thin-layer chromatography of liver and
      perfusate extracts showed that efflux rates for branched-chain acylcarnitines
      (isovalerylcarnitine) formed are at least 2.5-fold the efflux rate for carnitine.
      Acetylcarnitine is released about twice as fast as carnitine from the liver.
      Perfusion with 50 microM [3H]isovalerylcarnitine showed that the influx rate of
      isovalerylcarnitine exceeds that of carnitine 1.5-fold. Since the efflux rate is
      still higher, a net loss of carnitine from the liver to the perfusate will result
      when branched-chain acylcarnitines are formed in the perfused liver. The addition
      of 500 microM unlabelled carnitine to the perfusate does not influence the
      release of labelled carnitine or acylcarnitines from the liver, showing that
      uptake and release are independent processes. Isovalerylcarnitine accumulates
      faster than carnitine does, also in the perfused rat heart. A mechanism for the
      development of secondary carnitine deficiencies associated with organic acidemia
      is proposed.

PMID- 3390460
TI  - Detection of RNAase inhibitor from different species and organs.
AB  - Human placental alkaline RNAase inhibitor was purified to homogeneity. Activity
      was measured after each purification step. The final identification of the
      purified protein was done by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
      and by immunoblotting. Antibodies were prepared by immunization of rabbits with
      the highly purified inhibitor. The availability of the antiserum directed against
      the human inhibitor enabled the detection of RNAase inhibitor from various other
      organs and species. This procedure has the advantage over the usual activity test
      in that the inhibitor can be found even if its activity has been lost.

PMID- 3390461
TI  - Evidence for specific selenium target tissues and new biologically important
      selenoproteins.
AB  - After in-vivo labeling with [75Se]selenite the Se-containing proteins present in
      rat tissues were investigated by means of SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
      Thirteen Se-containing proteins or protein subunits with relative molecular
      weights of 12,100, 15,600, 18,000, 19,700, 22,200, 23,700, 27,800, 33,300,
      55,500, 59,900, 64,900, 70,100 and 75,400 were detected in the tissue
      homogenates. The protein with the molecular weight of 23,700 was the subunit of
      glutathione peroxidase, which is the only selenoprotein so far known to have
      biological functions in animals. Most of these proteins were found in all tissues
      investigated but one was only detected in the testes and the spermatozoa and one
      was present mainly in the thyroid. With inadequate selenium intake there was a
      priority supply of the element to the brain, the reproductive and the endocrine
      organs, and at a molecular level to Se-containing proteins other than glutathione
      peroxidase. The results suggest important biological functions of these
      selenoproteins, especially in the specific target tissues.

PMID- 3390462
TI  - Synthesis and secretion of mucous glycoprotein by the gill of Mytilus edulis. I.
      Histochemical and chromatographic analysis of [14C]glucosamine bioincorporation.
AB  - The ability of the isolated gill epithelium of Mytilus edulis to incorporate
      [14C]glucosamine as a precursor in the biosynthesis and secretion of mucous
      glycoproteins was investigated. Localization of mucous cells in the gill filament
      was achieved using histochemical staining techniques. Mucus cells containing
      neutral and acidic mucins were found in the lateral region, whereas mucus cells
      containing primarily neutral or sulfated mucins were found in the abfrontal
      region. Autoradiographic results showed that in both regions, the mucous cells
      were rich in content of the incorporated radiolabel. The secreted glycoproteins
      containing the incorporated radiolabel were analyzed by column chromatography
      using Bio-Gel P-2 and P-6. Two populations of the glycoproteins differing in
      molecular size were isolated. Upon alkaline reductive borohydride cleavage of the
      O-glycosidic linkages of the high molecular weight protein, about 70% of the
      radiolabel and 85% of the carbohydrate content were removed from the protein. The
      alkaline borohydride cleavage resulted in the formation of at least six
      oligosaccharide chains of various lengths of sugar units. Gas chromatographic
      analysis of the carbohydrate composition shows that the glycoproteins contain N
      acetylglucosamine, N-acetylgalactosamine, and galactose, fucose, and mannose as
      the neutral monosaccharides. The above results indicate that the isolated gill
      epithelium of M. edulis is capable of incorporating [14C]glucosamine in the
      synthesis of secretable mucin-type glycoproteins.

PMID- 3390463
TI  - Effect of nutritional state and allopurinol on purine metabolism in the rat small
      intestine.
AB  - The effect of fasting and refeeding on the uptake and retention of purines by the
      small intestine of the rat was studied in vivo. Short-term uptake and
      incorporation into nucleotides of the purine bases adenine, guanine and
      hypoxanthine and the nucleoside inosine were evaluated in the proximal jejunum.
      After 5 min, more label was recovered in the intestinal contents in fasted rats,
      indicating that total absorption was reduced. However, intestinal retention of
      purines (50 nmol dose) was elevated with fasting (27.2 vs. 16.6 nmol/g for
      adenine, 5.7 vs. 3.0 nmol/g for guanine and 16.1 vs. 7.4 nmol/g for hypoxanthine,
      for fed vs. fasted, respectively). After 1 day of refeeding, retention remained
      elevated for adenine (27.4 nmol/g) and guanine (5.5 nmol/g). After 3 days of
      refeeding intestinal weight and retention of labeled purines returned to the
      unfasted levels. Nucleotide formation from all purine bases was greater in the
      intestinal tissue of fasted as compared to fed rats (25.4 vs. 11.4 nmol/g for
      adenine, 1.32 vs. 0.24 nmol/g for guanine, and 2.84 vs. 0.82 nmol/g for
      hypoxanthine). At a higher dose (3000 nmol) hypoxanthine and inosine were
      retained to a greater extent in the fasted than in the fed state. Pretreatment
      with allopurinol (a xanthine oxidase inhibitor) reduced the absorption of
      hypoxanthine, increased the retention of label in the tissue 4-fold or more, and
      elevated nucleotide formation 10-fold or more. Fasting and allopurinol treatment,
      both known affectors of xanthine oxidase activity, enhanced both the retention of
      dietary purine and nucleotide formation.

PMID- 3390464
TI  - Passive sequestration of putrescine, spermidine and spermine by rat lungs.
AB  - The pulmonary uptake and accumulation of the three polyamines putrescine,
      spermidine and spermine by isolated ventilated and perfused rat lungs was
      investigated using 0.1, 1 or 5 mM concentrations of these compounds. The lung
      uptake of putrescine for all concentrations was greater than that of spermidine
      and spermine, but all three showed concentration-dependent linear uptake. A
      significant uptake of all three polyamines was also observed when incubated
      separately with rat lung slices for 60 min. Harmaline (0.4 mM), ouabain (0.2 mM)
      and perfusate with decreased Na+ (50 mEq/l) did not affect the uptake of any of
      the three polyamines by isolated perfused rat lungs or rat lung slice
      incubations. HPLC analysis of the whole lung or slices and media after perfusion
      or incubation studies, respectively, with polyamines did not reveal the presence
      of any metabolites. Likewise, the analysis of the lung homogenate incubated at 37
      degrees C for 60 min with polyamines did not show any metabolites, confirming the
      absence of detectable pulmonary metabolism. These findings indicate a significant
      accumulation of polyamines in the rat lungs, accumulation predominantly occurring
      via simple diffusion, at variance with the reported active polyamine uptake
      process in the lung.

PMID- 3390465
TI  - Extraction and fractionation of proteoglycans from squid skin.
AB  - The extractability of squid skin proteoglycans with solutions of varying
      concentrations of guanidine-HCl, urea and SDS was studied; 4 M guanidine-HCl,
      being the best extractant, removed 95% of the tissue proteoglycans
      (glycosaminoglycan uronic acid). The proteoglycans in the 4 M guanidine-HCl
      extract were fractionated by repeated ion exchange and gel chromatography on
      Sepharose CL-4B to give three main populations, all being present in about equal
      proportions. Two populations (Kd 0.34 and 0.56) contained only chondroitin
      (proteochondroitin) and the other (Kd 0.50) only oversulphated chondroitin
      sulphate (oversulphated proteochondroitin sulphate). Two minor populations, one
      containing chondroitin and chondroitin sulphate and the other chondroitin
      sulphate and oversulphated chondroitin sulphate, were also identified.

PMID- 3390466
TI  - Primary structure of human skeletal growth factor: homology with human insulin
      like growth factor-II.
AB  - Human skeletal growth factor (human SGF) extracted from human bone has been
      purified to homogeneity by hydroxyapatite chromatography and gel filtration under
      dissociative conditions followed by FPLC heparin-Sepharose affinity
      chromatography and reverse phase HPLC. Human SGF was homogeneous except that in
      each preparation about 30% of SGF molecules lacked the N-terminal alanine. 75% of
      the human SGF sequence has been determined. The amino acid sequences of the N
      terminal 20 amino acids and of several tryptic fragments were identical to the
      corresponding sequences of human insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II) purified
      from serum. However, since the C-peptide (variable region) of human SGF has not
      yet been sequenced, we cannot conclude that SGF is identical to IGF-II.
      Comparison of the amino acid sequence of human SGF with that of IGF-II variants
      that have been described in the literature revealed that human SGF is not one of
      the known IGF-II variants. IGF-I was also found in human bone extract but was
      several-fold less abundant than SGF/IGF-II. The relative abundance of SGF/IGF-II
      and IGF-I in bone corresponded to the relative rates of production of these two
      mitogens by human bone cells in vitro. Regarding the physiological significance
      of IGF-II in bone, previous studies on the biological actions of SGF in vitro
      suggest that this growth factor can have both paracrine and autocrine functions
      on cells of the osteoblast line. In addition, we have proposed the concept that
      SGF is a mediator of the coupling of bone formation to bone resorption, an
      important bone volume regulatory mechanism. In as much as SGF is very similar (if
      not identical) to IGF-II, it seems likely that these proposed regulatory
      functions of SGF in bone are attributable to IGF-II.

PMID- 3390467
TI  - Secretion of a lactosaminoglycan-containing glycoprotein by peri-implantation
      sheep conceptuses.
AB  - Sheep conceptuses from day 16 of pregnancy were cultured in the presence of
      [3H]glucosamine and [14C]leucine and a high-molecular-weight glycoprotein (HMWG)
      secreted into the culture medium was purified by a combination of anion-exchange
      and gel filtration chromatography. The HMWG was found to have a molecular weight
      between 800,000 and 900,000 and to be highly resistant to digestion with pronase.
      Characteristics of the carbohydrate portion of the purified glycoprotein were
      examined by selective chemical and enzymatic digestions and lectin binding
      studies. Mild alkaline reduction was ineffective in disassociating carbohydrate
      chains from the protein core. Furthermore, the protein was resistant to both O
      glycanase and peptide:N-glycanase F. Harsh alkaline reduction caused the release
      of carbohydrates, however. After pronase digestion of these products, three
      molecular weight classes of carbohydrates were resolved by Sephadex G-25
      chromatography. Two lines of evidence indicate that the HMWG contains
      lactosaminoglycan components. The intact molecule and two of the molecular weight
      classes of carbohydrates resolved by harsh alkaline reduction bind Datura
      stramonium lectin. Binding of HMWG to lectin could be partially inhibited by N
      acetyllactosamine and completely inhibited by a mixture of N,N'
      diacetylchitobiose and N,N',N"-triacetylchitotriose. Secondly, digestion with
      endo-beta-galactosidase causes the release of 16% of the [3H]glucosamine from the
      intact molecule. Therefore, the HMWG of the sheep conceptus is the first reported
      example of secretion of lactosaminoglycan-containing glycoprotein by peri
      implantation embryos.

PMID- 3390468
TI  - [Interaction of riboflavin and adenosine diphosphate in an aqueous solution
      irradiated with visible light].
AB  - Interaction of riboflavin (RF) and adenosinediphosphate (ADP) was investigated
      under conditions of RF photoexcitation. It was shown that in the presence of ADP
      effective RF triplets quenching and RFH semiquinones formation took place.
      Subsequent interaction between these RFH and nucleotide resulted in the
      generation of a semireduced form of ADP.

PMID- 3390469
TI  - [Kinetics of the renaturation of bovine alpha-lactalbumin].
AB  - Multiparametric kinetic study of bovine alpha-lactalbumin renaturation from the
      unfolded state has shown the existence of an intermediate which is formed within
      10(-2) s with properties close to those of the molten globule. Apart from the
      fast kinetic phase which results in the intermediate, two slower phases were
      found with intrinsic times approximately 1 s and approximately 10 s. The slowest
      one is apparently due to proline isomerization.

PMID- 3390470
TI  - [Electrochemical regulation of the dehydrogenase process].
AB  - On changing stepwise the polypyrrole (PP) electrode potential a reverse change in
      the equilibrium concentration of a reduced coenzyme is observed in 0.1 M KNO3
      solution containing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), ethyl alcohol,
      alcohol dehydrogenase and electrode system based on PP-modified platinum. Direct
      measurements of the solution pH and calculations verify the conclusion mode that
      the electrochemical control of dehydrogenase process proceeds via the pH change
      of the solution.

PMID- 3390471
TI  - [Mechanical denaturation of lysozyme in a crystal and film].
AB  - A method for taking stress-strain diagrams in microsamples prepared from
      glutaraldehyde-treated monocrystals and amorphous films of hen egg-white lysozyme
      has been developed. Analysis of the diagrams has shown that the deformation obeys
      Hooke's law within 0-2%. Upon further deformation of a crystalline sample (up to
      6-10%) when a critical tension, sigma cr, is reached, the protein molecules in
      the sample denature and become greatly extended. Depending on crystal type and
      crystallographic direction the sample length increases 2 to 4 times. The sample
      deformation accompanying denaturation is reversible: when the sample is kept at
      high temperature it restores completely its initial length. The critical stress
      is essentially dependent on temperature, hydration level, urea concentration, the
      factors affecting intra- and intermolecular interactions.

PMID- 3390472
TI  - [Thermodynamic and structural characteristics of partially denatured collagen].
AB  - Thermodynamic and structural parameters of partially denaturated collagen which
      had undergone denaturation of different degrees are measured. On the basis of
      comparative analysis of these data it is established that denaturation enthalpy
      and secondary structure degree are linearly linked. These investigations made it
      possible to determine special features of heat absorption curves as well. It is
      concluded that heat absorption at collagen denaturation must be followed by
      corresponding conformational alteration.

PMID- 3390473
TI  - [Ultrasonic coagulometry as a method of testing compounds with antiplasmin
      activity].
AB  - An ultrasonic interferometer has been used to study the process of fibrin clot
      lysis according to the decrease in the rate of propagation of an ultrasonic wave
      in the latter. A significant decrease in the sound fall rate on adding epsilon
      aminocaproic and trans-4-aminomethylcyclohexanecarbonic acids to the system
      indicates their activity inhibiting fibrinolysis. N-nicotinoyl derivatives of
      this compounds possess less pronounced antiplasmin activity.

PMID- 3390474
TI  - [A rapid method of searching for homology of nucleic acid sequences].
AB  - A new method of the homology search between DNA sequences was suggested. This
      method may be used to find extensive and not strong homologies with point
      mutations and deletions. The computer time to compare sequences is less than
      dynamic program algorithms at least by four orders of magnitude. It makes
      possible to use the method for homology search all over the nucleotide bank by
      personal computers. Some results of homology search are presented.

PMID- 3390475
TI  - [Low-temperature heat capacity of DNA in various conformation states].
AB  - Experimental results are presented on temperature--dependent DNA heat capacity in
      three different states: a) intact--native DNA in the conformation of double
      helix, b) disordered conformation of polynucleotide chains in the state of
      statistical coils, c) completely "degenerated" polynucleotide chains--mechanical
      mixture of nucleotides. Data on heat capacity (4-400 K) at different water
      content in the specimens allow a definition of relative changes in the pattern of
      the entropy temperature dependence for these conformational states with the
      account for the structural effect of water.

PMID- 3390476
TI  - [Induction of DNA strand breaks by laser irradiation in a visible range].
AB  - A possibility of formation of breaks in DNA chains under the influence of visible
      laser radiation (lambda = 532 nm) on DNA--dye-intercalator complexes has been
      demonstrated theoretically and corraborated experimentally. The most probable
      mechanisms of the induction of breaks in DNA chains are discussed. Theoretical
      estimates and the experiments have been performed on complexes of DNA of lambda
      phage with acridine orange dye (AO) under irradiation of these complexes by
      picosecond (tau p = 30 ps) pulses of second harmonic YAG:Nd laser. A strong
      effect of the formation of double-strand breaks is observed at light intensity of
      some GW/sm2 and dose of several hundred pulses.

PMID- 3390477
TI  - [The role of topological limitations in the kinetics of homopolymer collapse and
      self-assembly of biopolymers].
AB  - Fast collapse of a linear homopolymer after a spasmodic temperature decrease or
      deterioration of the solvent quality results in the initiation of folded
      nonequilibrium globule. The chain line in it is a fractal with the dimension mu
      less than or equal to 2 at small ranges and 3 at the large ones. This is provided
      by non-selfintersection of the chain and initiated therefore spatial segregation
      from each other at all the ranges of the chain regions, globulized each in
      itself. Further relaxation of the folded globule proceeds very slowly only at the
      expense of reptation (diffusion crawling) of the chain along itself, and results
      in the polymer knotting. The model of the folded globule permits explanation from
      a single viewpoint of a number of globular proteins properties. Predictions are
      formulated whose checking in a real or computer experiment should reveal the
      adequacy of our results.

PMID- 3390478
TI  - [Temperature quenching of cytochrome P-450 fluorescence in proteoliposomes with
      different physical states of the lipid bilayer].
AB  - Studies were carried out of temperature quenching of self-fluorescence of
      cytochrome P-450 in solution and liposomes from natural phosphatidylcholine,
      dimiristoylphosphatidylcholine, dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine. The fluorescence
      spectrum of cytochrome P-450 is a superposition of triptophane and tyrosine
      components. During protein incorporation into liposomes a significant short-wave
      shift of the emission spectrum takes place. Temperature dependence of the
      intensity of cytochrome P-450 self-fluorescence in solution has bends at 30, 45
      and 50 degrees C. When protein is incorporated into liposomes the location of
      bends depends on individual properties of lipids forming the bilayer. Effect of
      lipid surrounding on temperature conformational rearrangements of cytochrome P
      450 molecule is discussed.

PMID- 3390479
TI  - [Study of aqueous solutions of the lipopolysaccharide-protein complex from
      Yersinia pseudotuberculosis using hydrodynamic methods].
AB  - Physical and chemical properties of LPPS in aqueous solutions were studied.
      Hydrodynamic characteristics of LPPS depend upon the input concentration and
      method of solution preparation. Equation parameters for the relationship between
      [eta] and M omega were determined, and it was found that LPPS behavior in
      solution can be determined by the equation: [eta] = 5.5.10(-4).M0.57. In aqueous
      solutions complex macromolecules form compact particles ranging from 8 to 14 nm
      in size.

PMID- 3390480
TI  - [Photosensitization by chlorine and porphyrin causing structural damage of
      erythrocytes].
AB  - Kinetics of hemolysis of human erythrocytes photosensitized by porphyrin and
      chlorin derivatives was investigated by small angle light scattering method. The
      compounds used were arranged in the following order of photosensitizing activity
      decrease: ethylendiamide of chlorine e6, chlorine e6 dimethylester chlorine e6
      haematoporphyrin diacetate tetracarboxyphenylporphyn. The substances having a
      greater number of binding sites with liposomes (chlorine e6 dimethylester) or
      with albumin (ethylendiamide of chlorine e6) showed the greatest photohemolytic
      activity. The photohemolytic activity of porphyrins was suggested to depend on
      the number of the pigment molecules bound by erythrocytes membranes.

PMID- 3390481
TI  - [Thermohemolysis of erythrocytes].
AB  - Thermohemolysis kinetic curves of erythrocytes in the temperature interval of 37
      75 degrees C in different media and in the course of blood storage were studied.
      Mechanism of thermohemolysis is proposed. The rate constants of hemolysis stages
      are introduced. It is shown that these parameters are sensitive to the changes of
      structural state of erythrocytes.

PMID- 3390483
TI  - [Kinetic analysis of the chemotaxis of bacteria].
AB  - On the basis of a kinetic model of bacterial chemotactic movement the system of
      differential equations was reduced to describe the phenomenon of bacterial bonds
      migration. It follows that Keller-Segel equation is a private case of a more
      general "diffusion approximation" of the kinetic model. The functional parameters
      of the reduced equation for E. coli K-12 are estimated.

PMID- 3390484
TI  - [Mathematical simulation of the regulation of the size of the lymphoid population
      in relation to chronic lymphoid leukemia].
AB  - A model was constructed of accumulation kinetics of labeled lymphocytes based on
      the experiments of long-term injection of 3H-thymidine label in vivo into the
      blood of healthy and suffering from chronic lympholeucosis animals. There was
      found an essential difference between the coefficients of reproduction and death
      of cells of the proliferating pool for the normal, initial and advanced stages of
      the disease. This served as a basis for the creation of the closed non-linear
      model of autoregulation of lymphoid population size describing different stages
      of leucosis development.

PMID- 3390482
TI  - [Effect of heavy water on the viability of bacteria].
AB  - Influence of heavy water (D2O) on the membrane energization, the efflux of
      hydrogen ions and the respiration of bacteria E. coli M-17 was studied. As has
      been shown, heavy water of a low concentration (0.05-0.20% v/v) activates and of
      a high concentration (above 10%) inhibits the absorption of lipophilic cation
      tetraphenylphosphonium (TPP+) and of oxygen by cells. The return of these
      characteristics to the initial levels after the removal of D2O points to a
      reversible action of D2O. A protective effect of D2O towards membrane
      energization and rate of respiration on dried cells was observed. This fact is in
      agreement with the data on viability of bacteria. The indicated protective action
      increases at the stage of rehydration in the presence of D2O.

PMID- 3390485
TI  - [Frequency range of the auditory effect of UHF].
AB  - Zero beats of radiosound with an acoustic signal from an electrodynamic emitter
      in the frequency range up to 8 kHz were recorded in a natural experiment, which
      were not obtained earlier. It has been shown that the zero beats between the
      acoustic tonal signal and the first harmonics of the impulse succession of UHF
      are recorded in the points which correspond to low values on the threshold curve
      of UHF auditory effect.

PMID- 3390486
TI  - [Distribution of the heavy isotope of carbon (13C) in biological systems].
AB  - Causes conditioning fractionation of carbon isotopes in biological systems are
      considered. Concepts of E. M. Galimov are discussed. According to these concepts
      distribution of carbon isotopes between biomolecules and their fragments is
      quaziequilibrium, i. e. it differs from the equilibrium one by a constant
      multiplier, which is the same for all the biomolecules of an organism but
      different for various organisms. These concepts have no theoretical grounds and
      do not agree with the experimental evidence available. An analysis of
      experimental data, as well as theoretical considerations, indicate that the
      observed differences in isotope composition of metabolytes and their fragments in
      the living organisms are conditioned by the kinetic isotope effects of carbon at
      the stages of their enzymic transformations and by the portion of substances
      participating in the reaction. It means that these differences do not depend
      directly on the constants characterizing the equilibrium distribution of carbon
      isotopes between corresponding compounds and between different groups inside
      their molecules.

PMID- 3390487
TI  - [Study of the structure of mammalian serum albumin using fluorescent probes].
AB  - Some peculiarities of hydrophobic structure of serum albumine of some mammals
      were studied by NMR-spectroscopy, solubilization and fluorescent probes. It has
      been shown that the FNA probe is bound to the most hydrophobic cavities in the
      protein molecules, and the sizes of these regions in mammalian albumines are very
      close. The data obtained by ANS probe show that there exists a proportional
      relationship between the fluorescence intensity, the total volume of hydrophobic
      cavities and the quantity of "bound water". When using the ANS--Mg1/2 probe in
      all cases an increase of fluorescence intensity was obtained. It was concerned
      with the stabilizing effect of magnesium ions on the protein molecule.

PMID- 3390488
TI  - [Isomerism of imino acids in collagen peptides].
AB  - Trans/cis ratio of X-Hyp bonds in collagen peptides was determined by chemical
      shifts of C gamma Hyp in 13C. n. m. r. spectra. 44% of bonds in the cis form was
      found in human aortic collagen of the patient with idiotia. Probably, it was the
      result of molecular pathology of collagen during this disease.

PMID- 3390489
TI  - [Inter-protein distances in biomembranes: geometric models].
AB  - The "geometrical" method for estimation of protein-to-protein distances in
      biomembranes is suggested. It is shown that in the membranes of the rabbit muscle
      sarcoplasmic reticulum the molecules of Ca2+-ATPase are separated by no more than
      22.5 A, and the distance between the proteins of the inner membrane of rat liver
      mitochondria does not exceed 17.6 A.

PMID- 3390490
TI  - [Regulation of mechanical stability of erythrocytes by serum immunoglobulins].
AB  - Autologic plasma protects human erythrocytes from hemolysis induced by their
      suction through glass microfiber filters. The protective effect is related to the
      protein fraction with molecular mass above 100 kD and reproduced by gamma
      globulin. The action of proteins is abolished after heating the erythrocytes
      above 45 degrees C as well as in the presence of galactose and ribose but not
      glucose, mannose and lactose. It is suggested that an increase in mechanical
      stability of erythrocytes is caused by interaction of immunoglobulins with
      glycoproteid and glycolipid membrane receptors and mediated by the changes of
      structural state of the cytoskeleton.

PMID- 3390491
TI  - Effect of nimodipine on newborn lamb cerebral blood flow.
AB  - The effects of nimodipine, on total and regional cerebral blood flow and
      cardiovascular function of the newborn chloralose-anesthetized lamb were
      investigated following intravenous bolus infusions (0.2, 0.6 and 2.0
      micrograms/kg). At 2.0 micrograms/kg, the mean arterial blood pressure increased
      from 72.3 to 85.8 mm Hg. Total cerebral blood flow 45 min after infusion
      increased by 93%, as did regional flows to the gray (101%) and white (77%) matter
      and subcortex (108%). In a separate series of experiments we decreased arterial
      blood pressure from 71 to 40 mm Hg by phlebotomy. Nimodipine (30 micrograms/kg)
      bolus infusion significantly increased blood flow above control values to the
      total brain (41%), gray matter (53%), subcortex (76%) and brainstem (69%) 10 and
      40 min later. However, no further increase in flow or decrease in cerebrovascular
      resistance was observed when compared to hypotension alone. Nimodipine appears to
      be well tolerated in the newborn lamb, and appears to increase cerebral flow
      during normotension. At the levels of hypotension used in the current
      experiments, nimodipine produced no further increases in cerebral blood flow.

PMID- 3390492
TI  - Prenatal development of the Brattleboro rat is influenced by genotype and lysine
      vasopressin treatment of the mother.
AB  - Homozygous (Hom) Brattleboro rats suffer from severe diabetes insipidus (DI) as a
      consequence of the lack of arginine-vasopressin (AVP) in the brain. Compared with
      heterozygous (Het) AVP-synthesizing Brattleboro rats, Hom rats show disturbed
      body and brain development. In this study breeding experiments with Het and Hom
      rats were performed to determine whether prenatal conditions might contribute to
      the developmental disturbances in Hom pups. For this purpose Het and Hom females
      were mated with Hom and Het males, respectively. In addition lysine-vasopressin
      (LVP) was administered to half of the pregnant females, since this has previously
      been shown to stimulate birth weight of Hom pups. On day 1 postnatally the body
      and brain weight of Hom pups of nontreated Hom mothers was significantly smaller
      than that of the Het litter mates, whereas no difference was found between the
      weight of Het or Hom pups of nontreated or LVP-treated Het mothers. These results
      indicate an important role of the genotype of the mother in prenatal development
      of Hom pups. LVP administration failed to diminish the growth deficits, but
      increased protein and DNA content of the cerebellum of both Het and Hom pups.
      Notwithstanding the improved prenatal growth of Hom pups from Het mothers,
      postnatally retarded development was still observed: at 1 month of age there was
      a significant difference between the body, brain and cerebellar weight of Het and
      Hom pups from Het mothers. It was therefore concluded that the prenatal situation
      of the Hom mother, i.e. AVP-deficiency, significantly contributes to the
      developmental disturbance of the Hom pup, but also that growth impairment is
      linked to the presence of the mutation in the Hom pups themselves.

PMID- 3390493
TI  - Early development of the thyroid axis in the Brattleboro rat.
AB  - Plasma concentrations of thyrotrophin (TSH), thyroxine (T4), and triiodothyronine
      (T3), and pituitary TSH concentrations were determined at weekly intervals during
      the first 42 days following birth in Brattleboro homozygous (DI), Brattleboro
      heterozygous (HZ), and Long-Evans (LE) rats. Offspring from matings of
      Brattleboro rats were divided into DI and HZ animal subgroups on the basis of
      hypothalamic vasopressin content. In control LE rats, circulating levels of TSH,
      T4, and T3, and pituitary TSH concentrations increased during the early postnatal
      period to reach relatively stable levels between 28 and 42 days of age. In DI and
      HZ rats, the thyroid axis developed in parallel to that of LE rats during initial
      postnatal weeks. However, by 42 days of age, pituitary TSH concentrations were
      clearly elevated in Brattleboro rats relative to levels in age-matched LE
      animals. These data indicate that differences in thyroid axis function between
      Brattleboro and LE rats occur only after the attainment of a degree of maturity.

PMID- 3390494
TI  - Maternal-fetal relationship in ammonia metabolism during late gestation in the
      rat.
AB  - The concentrations of the major metabolites for nitrogen excretion and/or
      transport in maternal and fetal blood and amniotic fluid during the last 2 days
      of gestation were investigated. Alanine, glutamine, ammonia and allantoin
      accumulated in amniotic fluid during late gestation. Urea concentrations
      increased in amniotic fluid though only during the last day of gestation,
      suggesting that urea is taken up by the mother through the amniotic membranes.
      Glutamate did not accumulate in amniotic fluid during late gestation although
      high concentrations of it were found in fetal blood in the same circumstances,
      suggesting the occurrence of a mechanism for preventing fetal glutamate disposal.

PMID- 3390495
TI  - Platelet MAO activity and the cortisol response to dexamethasone in major
      depression.
AB  - Previous studies have sometimes found a positive relationship between platelet
      monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity and dexamethasone nonsuppression in depressed
      patients. To assess this relationship in more detail, we examined the association
      between these two biological variables in unmedicated depressed patients. A
      positive correlation between platelet MAO activity and 8:00 AM serum cortisol
      levels following an overnight dexamethasone test (1 mg) was observed. The
      relationship between high and low platelet MAO activity (median split) and
      suppression of serum cortisol levels was also significant. These relationships
      were stronger in bipolar patients. Multiple regression revealed that
      postdexamethasone 8:00 AM dexamethasone levels and platelet MAO activity were
      independent predictors of the 8:00 AM cortisol levels following dexamethasone.
      The possibility that platelet MAO activity may be a peripheral marker of brain
      serotonergic activity which in turn may affect various aspects of the hypothalamo
      pituitary-adrenal axis activity, is discussed. We also found that all nine
      depressed patients studied greater than or equal to 15 days after admission were
      suppressors. Platelet MAO activity, but not 8:00 AM pre- or postdexamethasone
      serum cortisol, was related to the severity of depression.

PMID- 3390496
TI  - Leukoencephalopathy in elderly depressed patients referred for ECT.
AB  - Using brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and high-resolution computed
      tomography (CT), we identified changes in the subcortical white matter in 44 of
      67 elderly depressed inpatients (66%) referred for electroconvulsive therapy
      (ECT). This "leukoencephalopathy" was frequently associated with other structural
      brain changes, including cortical atrophy, lateral ventricular enlargement, and
      lacunar infarctions of the basal ganglia and thalamus. Many (58%) of the patients
      had developed late-onset depressive disorders, and the majority (86%) had been
      refractory to and/or intolerant of antidepressant drug therapy. Nevertheless, all
      but 1 of the 44 patients subsequently responded to a course of ECT, which in
      general was well tolerated. Although the precise etiology of the
      leukoencephalopathy remains unclear, clinical data suggest that it may result
      from arteriosclerotic disease of the medullary arteries that supply the
      subcortical brain regions. Several lines of evidence suggest that
      leukoencephalopathy may have implications for the pathophysiology of depressive
      illness, at least in some elderly patients.

PMID- 3390497
TI  - Plasma cortisol and natural killer cell activity during bereavement.
AB  - Natural killer cell (NK) activity, which is important in the defense against
      tumors and viral infections, is reduced in women undergoing conjugal bereavement.
      The relationship between NK activity and plasma cortisol was investigated in
      three groups of subjects: women who were anticipating the death of their
      husbands, women whose husbands had recently died, and controls. Bereaved women
      showed reduced NK activity and increased plasma cortisol levels as compared to
      controls. Anticipatory bereaved women also showed significant reductions in NK
      activity, but had levels of plasma cortisol comparable to those of controls. The
      reduction of NK activity during anticipatory and actual bereavement cannot be
      explained solely on the basis of increased cortisol secretion.

PMID- 3390498
TI  - Modulation of the gating of auditory evoked potentials by norepinephrine:
      pharmacological evidence obtained using a selective neurotoxin.
AB  - Central mechanisms of sensory gating were assessed in Sprague-Dawley rats using
      an evoked potential technique similar to one that we have previously employed to
      show diminished sensory gating in psychotic patients. Gating mechanisms were
      examined using a conditioning-testing paradigm in which pairs of 74-dB clicks
      were delivered; the interval between the conditioning and test stimuli was 0.5
      sec. A middle latency auditory evoked response (N50) recorded from the skull of
      unanesthetized, freely moving rats demonstrated significant suppression to the
      test click. Systemic administration of amphetamine (1 mg/kg, ip) significantly
      reduced the amount of suppression of the response to the test stimulus;
      haloperidol (1 mg/kg), injected after the amphetamine, returned the conditioning
      testing suppression ratio toward normal values. Amphetamine also decreased the
      latency and amplitude of the conditioning response, an effect that was also
      reversed by haloperidol. Both decreased suppression of the test response and
      reduced amplitude and latency of the conditioning response have been observed in
      schizophrenia. To aid in determining the underlying mechanism of these effects,
      the animals were treated with two doses, given at a 1-week interval, of N-(2
      chloroethyl-N-ethyl-2-bromobenzylamine) (DSP4; 50 mg/kg, ip), an agent that
      selectively depletes central norepinephrine. The extent and selectivity of the
      depletions were confirmed by chemical analysis. Following DSP4, the effects of
      amphetamine on the amplitude and latency of the conditioning response were
      largely unchanged. However, pretreatment with DSP4 significantly attenuated the
      reduction in conditioning-testing suppression observed following the
      administration of amphetamine. The data suggest a specific role for
      norepinephrine in the modulation of sensory processing.

PMID- 3390499
TI  - Alteration of platelet serotonergic mechanisms and monoamine oxidase activity in
      premenstrual syndrome.
AB  - Platelet uptake and content of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), platelet monoamine
      oxidase (MAO) activity, and plasma free and total tryptophan levels were
      determined in patients diagnosed with premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and in control
      subjects. The Vmax of 5-HT uptake and 5-HT content in platelets of PMS patients
      were significantly decreased during the premenstrual phase (cycle days -9 to -1)
      compared to control subjects. Platelet MAO activity was significantly lower
      postmenstrually (cycle days 5-9) in PMS patients compared to the premenstrual
      phase. There were no differences in plasma free and total tryptophan levels
      between PMS patients and control subjects during either interval. As platelets
      are believed to be a peripheral model for central serotonergic neurons, the
      results suggest that PMS symptomatology may be related to alterations in
      serotonergic neuronal mechanisms.

PMID- 3390500
TI  - Serotonergic function in diabetic rats: psychotherapeutic implications.
AB  - Extracellular serotonin in striatum was studied in untreated streptozotocin
      induced diabetic rats and in untreated nondiabetic rats that served as age-, food
      , and sex-matched controls. Extracellular serotonin was studied under anesthesia
      in vivo and dynamically with voltammetry. The results showed that an early and
      significant increase in extracellular serotonin occurred in striatum in the
      untreated acutely (3 days) diabetic rat. In untreated long-term (3-7 weeks)
      diabetic rats, however, the increase in serotonin in extracellular fluid in
      striatum decreased and returned to normal. The findings show a change in
      serotonergic function in acutely diabetic rats. The serotonergic alteration may
      have psychotherapeutic implications.

PMID- 3390501
TI  - Panic attacks and alcohol withdrawal: can subjects differentiate the symptoms?

PMID- 3390502
TI  - Interepisode reliability of urinary MHPG excretion in major depression.

PMID- 3390503
TI  - Deconvolution of episodic hormone data: an analysis of the role of season on the
      onset of puberty in cows.
AB  - A new approach to the analysis of episodic hormone data is described. The method
      involves a stochastic model in which measured blood hormone concentration is
      represented as a convolution of individual pulses, each of which is thought of as
      the response to a burst of neural activity. Individual pulses are not constrained
      to occur in a fixed regular pattern in time. The methodology takes a series of
      blood hormone measurements and produces a spike train of pulse peak times
      together with a set of pulse shape parameters. This decomposition motivates some
      fresh approaches to the analysis of hormone data. For a given number of pulses
      the model is fit by minimizing a residual sum of squares criterion. This is a
      difficult combinatorial optimization problem. A randomized local adjustment
      algorithm is developed. Generalized cross-validation is used to select the number
      of pulses. The technique seems to produce reliable results on simulated data
      sets. The methodology is used to study some data concerned with the role of
      season of birth on the onset of puberty in bovine females. The analysis raises
      some interesting questions related to the maturation of the pituitary and
      hypothalamus.

PMID- 3390504
TI  - Attributable risk estimation from matched case-control data.
AB  - A methodology is proposed for obtaining summary estimators, variances, and
      confidence intervals for attributable risk measures from data obtained through a
      case-control study design where one or more controls have been matched to each
      case. The sampling design for obtaining these data is conceptualized as a simple
      random sample of cases being equivalent to a simple random sample of matched
      sets. By combining information across the strata determined by the matched sets,
      this approach provides all of the benefits associated with the Mantel-Haenszel
      procedure for the estimators of attributable risk among the exposed and
      population attributable risk. Asymptotic variances are derived under the
      assumption that the frequencies of the unique response patterns follow the
      multinomial distribution. Simulation results indicate that these methods fare
      very well with respect to bias and coverage probability.

PMID- 3390505
TI  - Estimation of a common odds ratio in case-control studies of familial
      aggregation.
AB  - A new estimator of a common odds ratio is proposed for case-control studies of
      familial aggregation. The proposed estimator is a modification to the usual
      Mantel-Haenszel estimator that relies on an empirical adjustment for the within
      family clustering which is typical of such designs. A simulation study shows that
      the estimator tends to have smaller mean squared error than the unmodified Mantel
      Haenszel estimator under conditions likely to arise in practice. The construction
      of confidence intervals is also discussed.

PMID- 3390506
TI  - Estimating tumor incidence rates in animal carcinogenicity experiments.
AB  - Tumor incidence is the primary measure of carcinogenesis. This article focuses on
      estimating time-dependent incidence rates in animal experiments with few
      sacrifices. When the context of observation is known for none or all of the
      animals dying with the tumor of interest, previous results are obtained under
      relaxed assumptions. The link with existing semiparametric and nonparametric
      procedures based on latent failure times is exploited by using these methods to
      compute maximum likelihood estimates of the incidence rates without introducing
      latent random variables. Nonparametric estimators that are appropriate when all
      contexts of observation are known are generalized to the case in which the
      contexts of observation are unknown for a subset of the tumor-bearing animals.

PMID- 3390507
TI  - Effects of treatment-induced mortality and tumor-induced mortality on tests for
      carcinogenicity in small samples.
AB  - Statistical tests of carcinogenicity are shown to have varying degrees of
      robustness to the effects of mortality. Mortality induced by two different
      mechanisms is studied--mortality due to the tumor of interest, and mortality due
      to treatment independent of the tumor. The two most commonly used tests, the life
      table test and the Cochran-Armitage linear trend test, are seen to be highly
      sensitive to increases in treatment lethality using small-sample simulations.
      Increases in tumor lethality are seen to affect the performance of commonly used
      prevalence tests such as logistic regression. A simple survival-adjusted quantal
      response test appears to be the most robust of all the procedures considered.

PMID- 3390508
TI  - Significance testing for correlated binary outcome data.
AB  - Multiple logistic regression is a commonly used multivariate technique for
      analyzing data with a binary outcome. One assumption needed for this method of
      analysis is the independence of outcome for all sample points in a data set. In
      ophthalmologic data and other types of correlated binary data, this assumption is
      often grossly violated and the validity of the technique becomes an issue. A
      technique has been developed (Rosner, 1984) that utilizes a polychotomous
      logistic regression model to allow one to look at multiple exposure variables in
      the context of a correlated binary data structure. This model is an extension of
      the beta-binomial model, which has been widely used to model correlated binary
      data when no covariates are present. In this paper, a relationship is developed
      between the two techniques, whereby it is shown that use of ordinary logistic
      regression in the presence of correlated binary data can result in true
      significance levels that are considerably larger than nominal levels in
      frequently encountered situations. This relationship is explored in detail in the
      case of a single dichotomous exposure variable. In this case, the appropriate
      test statistic can be expressed as an adjusted chi-square statistic based on the
      2 X 2 contingency table relating exposure to outcome. The test statistic is
      easily computed as a function of the ordinary chi-square statistic and the
      correlation between eyes (or more generally between cluster members) for outcome
      and exposure, respectively. This generalizes some previous results obtained by
      Koval and Donner (1987, in Festschrift for V. M. Joshi, I. B. MacNeill (ed.),
      Vol. V, 199-224.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3390509
TI  - Bounds on net survival probabilities for dependent competing risks.
AB  - Bounds on the marginal survival function based on data from a competing-risks
      experiment are obtained. These bounds require an investigator to specify a range
      of possible concordances for the times to occurrences of the competing risks.
      These bounds are tighter than those of Peterson (1976, Proceedings of the
      National Academy of Sciences 73, 11-13).

PMID- 3390510
TI  - Fitting mixture models to grouped and truncated data via the EM algorithm.
AB  - The fitting of finite mixture models via the EM algorithm is considered for data
      which are available only in grouped form and which may also be truncated. A
      practical example is presented where a mixture of two doubly truncated log-normal
      distributions is adopted to model the distribution of the volume of red blood
      cells in cows during recovery from anemia.

PMID- 3390511
TI  - The B-value: a tool for monitoring data.
AB  - This paper considers the problem of monitoring slowly accruing data from a
      nonsequentially designed experiment. We describe the use of the B-value, which is
      a transformed Z-value, for the calculation of conditional power. In data
      monitoring, interim Z-values do not allow simple projections to the end of the
      study. Moreover, because of their popular association with P-values, Z-values are
      often misinterpreted. If observed trends are viewed as the realization of a
      Brownian motion process, the B-value and its decomposition allow simple
      extrapolations to the end of the study under a variety of hypotheses.
      Applications are presented to one- and two-sample Z-tests, the two-sample
      Wilcoxon rank sum test, and the log-rank test.

PMID- 3390512
TI  - Fitting time-dependent multicompartment models: a case study.
AB  - A multicompartment model with time-dependent transfer rates is fitted to data on
      ovarian follicle dynamics in mice. The fitted model arises from an interplay
      between parametric and nonparametric approaches to fitting curves to these data.
      Nonparametric regression estimates, in the form of spline smoothers, are used in
      conjunction with the biologically meaningful general class of multicompartment
      models to suggest refinements to the parametric model. One result of this
      interplay is the suggestion of using three-stage step functions for the
      compartmental transition rates; the resulting curves mimic closely the
      nonparametric regression estimates.

PMID- 3390513
TI  - Exploring simple independent action in multifactor tables of proportions.
AB  - The problem of assessing synergistic or antagonistic departure from simple
      independent action in multifactor tables of proportions is discussed. A
      generalized linear model is employed in which additivity corresponds to simple
      independent action. Data-analytic strategies are proposed for exploring
      departures from simple independent action in various extensions of the 2 X 2
      table of proportions. This methodology is illustrated with a series of models
      fitted to cellular differentiation and murine toxicity data.

PMID- 3390514
TI  - The EM algorithm for maximum likelihood estimation in the mover-stayer model.
AB  - The discrete-time mover-stayer model (Blumen, Kogan, and McCarthy, 1955, The
      Industrial Mobility of Labor as a Probability Process, Ithaca, New York: Cornell
      University Press) is a useful model for studying changes over time in
      heterogeneous populations. Using the EM algorithm, we present an alternative
      method for obtaining maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters of the mover
      stayer model, and consider an extension of the basic model to the problem of
      incomplete follow-up in panel studies. The models and the methods are illustrated
      with data from a community-based survey of changes in mental health status over a
      1-year period.

PMID- 3390516
TI  - Time-resolved circular dichroism and absorption studies of the photolysis
      reaction of (carbonmonoxy)myoglobin.
AB  - Time-resolved circular dichroism (TRCD) and absorption spectroscopy are used to
      follow the photolysis reaction of (carbonmonoxy)myoglobin (MbCO). Following the
      spectral changes associated with the initial loss of CO, a subtle change is
      observed in the visible absorption spectrum of the Mb product on a time scale of
      a few hundred nanoseconds. No changes are seen in the CD spectrum of Mb in the
      visible and near-UV regions subsequent to the loss of CO. The data suggest the
      existence of an intermediate found after ligand loss from MbCO that is similar in
      structure to the final Mb product.

PMID- 3390515
TI  - Alamethicin adsorption to a planar lipid bilayer.
AB  - The effect of alamethicin and its derivatives on the voltage-dependent
      capacitance of phosphatidylethanolamine (squalane) membranes was measured using
      two different methods: lock-in detection and voltage pulse. Alamethicin and its
      derivatives modulate the voltage-dependent capacitance at voltages lower than the
      voltage at which alamethicin-induced conductance is detected. The magnitude and
      sign of this alamethicin-induced capacitance change depends on the aqueous
      alamethicin concentration and the kind of alamethicin used. Our experimental data
      can be interpreted as a potential-dependent pseudocapacitance associated with
      adsorbed alamethicin. Pseudocapacitance is expressed as a function of alamethicin
      charge, its concentration in the bathing solution and the applied electric field.
      The theory describes the dependence of the capacitance on applied voltage and
      alamethicin concentration. When alamethicin is neutral the theory predicts no
      change of the voltage-dependent capacitance with either sign of applied voltage.
      Experimental data are consistent with the model in which alamethicin molecules
      interact with each other while being adsorbed to the membrane surface. The energy
      of this interaction depends on the alamethicin concentration.

PMID- 3390517
TI  - Nonlinear optical properties of potential sensitive styryl dyes.
AB  - The nonlinear optical properties of dyes that alter their optical characteristics
      rapidly with membrane potential are described. The second harmonic signals from
      these dyes characterized in this paper are among the largest that have been
      detected to date. Structural conclusions are drawn from the second harmonic
      signals generated by the Langmuir Blodgett monolayers used in these measurements.
      Our results indicate that with appropriate instrumentation second harmonic
      signals could readily be detected from living cells stained with these dyes.

PMID- 3390518
TI  - Magnetic evoked field associated with transcortical currents in turtle
      cerebellum.
AB  - The neural basis of magnetic evoked fields of the brain was studied with an
      isolated turtle cerebellum as a model preparation. The turtle cerebellum is a
      nearly flat tissue with neural processes arranged along three orthogonal axes of
      symmetry. According to theoretical results, this geometry should enable us to
      selectively measure the magnetic field due to a subpopulation of nerve cells
      whose longitudinal axes are perpendicular to the cerebellar surface, by simply
      placing the cerebellum vertically in the bath so that these cells are horizontal
      and by measuring the field along the rostrocaudal axis perpendicular to the
      longitudinal axis of these nerve cells. To elicit neural activity in these cells
      the dorsal midline was electrically stimulated with a bipolar electrode.
      Consistent with our expectations, the one-dimensional profile of the field normal
      to bath surface (Bz) was antisymmetrical along the rostrocaudal axis, implying
      that the underlying currents were transcortical. Also, the Bz field at a field
      extremum varied as a cosine of the orientation of the cerebellum when it was
      rotated about its rostrocaudal axis with the amplitude being zero when the
      cerebellum was horizontal. The Bz field was dipolar as judged by statistically
      excellent fits of the dipolar field to the one-dimensional field profile and to
      the distance function relating the field magnitude at an extremum to measuring
      distance. This was the case even for the initial component thought to be due to
      antidromic action currents invading the soma and dendrites of Purkinje cells. We
      also showed that the dipolar term of the source could be localized within 1 mm of
      the actual source location in most cases.

PMID- 3390519
TI  - Thermodynamics of short-term cell adhesion in vitro.
AB  - A thermodynamic theory of short-term (less than 2 hr) in vitro cell adhesion has
      been developed which allows calculation of reversible work of adhesion and
      estimation of a term proportional to cell-substrate contact area. The theory
      provides a means of determining a parameter related to membrane wetting tension
      for microscopic cells that does not require special manipulations which might
      desiccate or denature delicate cell membranes. Semiquantitative agreement between
      predicted and experimentally-measured cell adhesion obtained for three different
      cell types (MDCK, RBL-1, and HCT-15) in two different liquid phase compositions
      of surfactants (Tween-80 and fetal bovine serum) supports concepts and
      approximations utilized in development of theory. Cell-substrate contact areas
      were largest for wettable surfaces treated with ionizing corona or plasma
      discharges and smallest for hydrophobic materials for each cell type studied.
      Contact area for the continuous dog-kidney cell line MDCK was larger than that of
      either the leukemic blood cell RBL-1 or the anaplastic human colon cell HCT-15.

PMID- 3390520
TI  - Membrane potential can be determined in individual cells from the nernstian
      distribution of cationic dyes.
AB  - The distribution of a selection of cationic fluorescent dyes can be used to
      measure the membrane potential of individual cells with a microfluorometer. The
      essential attributes of these dyes include membrane permeability, low membrane
      binding, spectral properties which are insensitive to environment, and, of
      course, strong fluorescence. A series of dyes were screened on HeLa cells for
      their ability to meet these criteria and several commercially available dyes were
      found to be satisfactory. In addition, two new dyes were synthesized for this
      work by esterification of tetramethyl rhodamine. The analysis of the measured
      fluorescent intensities requires correction for fluorescence collected from
      outside the plane of focus of the cell and for nonpotentiometric binding of the
      dye. The measurements and analysis were performed on three different cell types
      for which there exists a body of literature on membrane potential; the potentials
      determined in this work were always within the range of literature values. The
      rhodamine esters are nontoxic, highly fluorescent dyes which do not form
      aggregates or display binding-dependent changes in fluorescence efficiency. Thus,
      their reversible accumulation is quantitatively related to the contrast between
      intracellular and extracellular fluorescence and allows membrane potentials in
      individual cells to be continuously monitored.

PMID- 3390521
TI  - Steady-state current flow through gap junctions. Effects on intracellular ion
      concentrations and fluid movement.
AB  - Double voltage clamp studies were performed on gap junctions contained in septal
      membranes of the earthworm median giant axon. The gap junctions exhibited no
      conductance changes in response to voltages imposed across either the septal
      membrane or the plasma membrane. However, the trans-septal current displayed a
      slow (10 s) relaxation in response to transjunctional voltage steps. The
      experimental evidence suggests that this relaxation is a polarization of the
      septum due to local accumulation/depletion of permeant ions. A theoretical
      analysis of this observation suggests that the applied electric field causes
      accumulation of impermeant anions on one side of the junction and depletion on
      the other, which leads to a change in concentration of permeant ions to maintain
      macroscopic electroneutrality. The change in concentration of permeant ions
      generates a transjunctional equilibrium potential that opposes junctional current
      flow. These results indicate that currents flowing through gap junctions can have
      an influence on the distribution of intracellular ions. Moreover, the theoretical
      analysis suggests that such currents will be accompanied by significant
      intracellular and intercellular water flow.

PMID- 3390523
TI  - Human erythrocyte electrofusion kinetics monitored by aqueous contents mixing.
AB  - The kinetics of electrically induced fusion of human erythrocyte ghosts were
      monitored by the Tb/DPA and ANTS/DPX fluorescence fusion assays. Ghosts were
      aligned by dielectrophoresis using a 3-MHz 350-V/cm alternating field and were
      fused by single 15- or 50-microseconds electric field pulses of amplitude 2.5-5.0
      kV/cm. Fusion was detected immediately after the pulse. The peak fluorescence
      change due to fusion was always obtained within 7 s of pulse application, and was
      highest for a 5.0 kV/cm 15-microseconds pulse. Probe leakage was measured
      separately and became apparent only 2-3 s after the initiation of fusion.
      Increasing pulse amplitudes produced higher fusion yields but produced more
      leakage from the fusion products. 50-microseconds pulses produced less fusion,
      resulting from a disruption of the dielectrophoretic alignment by fluid
      turbulence immediately after pulse application. Probe leakage was observed only
      when pulse application was preceded by dielectrophoresis, suggesting that close
      membrane positioning allows for additional membrane destabilization caused by the
      high field pulse. The fluorescence kinetics are interpreted using a simplified
      model depicting three major types of events: (a) fusion without observable
      leakage, (b) fusion followed by probe leakage, and (c) contact-related leakage
      from ghosts which do not undergo contents mixing.

PMID- 3390522
TI  - Gap junction uncoupling and discontinuous propagation in the heart. A comparison
      of experimental data with computer simulations.
AB  - The effects of octanol on longitudinal propagation in guinea pig papillary
      muscles were measured by intracellular microelectrodes. These data were compared
      with alterations in conduction induced by stepwise removal of gap junction
      channels in computer simulations of propagation based on a discontinuous cable
      model. Octanol reduced the velocity (theta) of propagating action potentials
      (APs) from 53.2 +/- 3.5 to less than 6.6 +/- 2.1 cm/s before block occurred. The
      maximal rate of rise (Vmax) changed in a biphasic manner, increasing from 133.1
      +/- 5.4 in controls to 201.7 +/- 11.0 V/s when theta was 20.5 +/- 2.8 cm/s, and
      then declining to less than 58.6 +/- 15.2 V/s just before block. The input
      resistance and time constant of the AP foot increased, and the ascending limb of
      phase-plane loops became increasingly nonlinear and notched during octanol
      treatment. All effects of octanol reversed upon washout. A strand of cardiac
      tissue was modeled as a discontinuous cable composed of 40 cells, each with 10
      isopotential membrane segments described by Beeler-Reuter kinetics, and coupled
      by a variable number of gap junction channels (156 pS). Decreasing the number of
      channels from 40,000 to 400 to 60 slowed conduction from 62.6 to 16.4 to 3.1
      cm/s. As noted in the experimental data, Vmax increased from 103 to 130 and then
      fell to less than 96 V/s. The AP foot increased and became nonexponential.
      Distinct notches developed during phase 1 of the APs at slower propagation
      velocities in the experiments and simulations. The close similarities between the
      experimental and theoretical data obtained in this study supports the
      applicability of a discontinuous cable model for describing longitudinal
      propagation in the heart.

PMID- 3390524
TI  - Chemical shift anisotropies obtained from aligned egg yolk phosphatidylcholine by
      solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance.
AB  - Natural abundance solid-state 13C NMR spectra were obtained from orientated egg
      yolk phosphatidylcholine multilayers in which peaks from the different types of
      carbon in the lipid were resolved. The residual chemical shift anisotropy of the
      choline, glycerol, and olefinic carbons, as well as the carbonyl and acyl chain
      methylene carbons, were estimated. This information provided the basis for a
      qualitative description of the order and conformation of egg yolk
      phosphatidylcholine in the L alpha phase. The results suggested the gauche
      conformation for the C alpha-C beta bond in the choline moiety, a constrained
      glycerol region, a magic angle orientation for the sn-2 carbonyl, and a preferred
      orientation close to the bilayer normal for the plane of the sn-1 carbonyl bond
      and acyl chain C = C bond. The orientations of the carbon nuclei are in accord
      with the molecular conformation derived from previous 2H, 31P, and 13C NMR
      studies.

PMID- 3390525
TI  - The determination of equilibrium constants for heterogeneous macromolecular
      interactions.
AB  - A method has been developed to determine the association constant for a
      heterogeneous association of the type A + B in equilibrium AB. This method
      requires knowledge of the two initial concentrations and of the resulting weight
      average molecular weight for each data point. Computer simulations using Gaussian
      distributed error on the measured parameters show that the researcher can readily
      determine whether the particular concentration range chosen is appropriate for
      the strength of binding and therefore how reliable the calculated constant might
      be. It is also shown that errors in measuring molecular weight have, in general,
      a more profound effect than do errors in concentration.

PMID- 3390526
TI  - Kinetic and thermodynamic investigation of the (dien)Pd(II)-polycytidylic acid
      system.
AB  - The reaction between (dien)PdCl+ and polycytidylic acid was studied using
      spectroscopic and stopped-flow methods. In neutral solution, the palladium
      complex binds at the N3 site of the cytosine base and causes a noncooperative
      disruption of the ordered helical structure of poly(C). Interaction at the
      phosphate group of the polynucleotide was also demonstrated by using the dye
      acridine orange as an indicator. The results of this study show that the
      mechanism previously proposed for cytidine and CMP can be applied to poly(C),
      taking into account particular features of the polymer (polyelectrolytic nature,
      structure, etc.). In particular, electrostatic effects seem to play a major role
      in the interaction with metal ion complexes like (dien)Pd(II).

PMID- 3390527
TI  - Temperature-induced phase transitions in proteins and lipids. Volume and heat
      capacity effects.
AB  - The partial specific heat capacity and volume of globular proteins and
      dispersions of phosphatidylcholines in aqueous solutions have been determined
      over a broad temperature range using a precise scanning microcalorimeter and a
      vibrational densimeter. It is shown that the temperature-induced, gel-to-liquid
      crystalline phase transition in phosphatidylcholines proceeds without a
      noticeable change in heat capacity but with a significant increase in the
      specific volume, whereas heat denaturation in proteins takes place without a
      noticeable change in the volume but with a significant increase in heat capacity.
      This principal difference between temperature-induced conformational phase
      transitions in proteins and lipids demonstrates clearly that heat denaturation of
      proteins, in contrast to the gel-to-liquid crystalline phase transition in
      lipids, cannot be regarded as a process similar to melting. Consequently, the
      'molten globule' does not appear to be a suitable model for a heat-denatured
      protein.

PMID- 3390528
TI  - An analysis of the hyper-sharp phenomenon of myosin diffusion in an F-actin/ATP
      solution by computer simulation.
AB  - The diffusion of myosin molecules was demonstrated using schlieren optics and
      Rayleigh fringe optics. A hyper-sharp schlieren pattern appeared near the
      boundary between the upper and lower parts of the diffusion cell at a time when
      ATP in the lower part had almost been consumed. The mechanism underlying the
      appearance of the hyper-sharp peak was investigated by means of computer
      simulations based on random-walk theory. The schlieren pattern with the hyper
      sharp peak could be reproduced on the computer with the assumptions that a myosin
      molecule can be detached from an actin filament only on binding of ATP and that
      it can then move along actin filaments or diffuse in the aqueous solution. The
      results of the computer simulations are in good agreement with the experimental
      data.

PMID- 3390530
TI  - Thalassemia: pathophysiology and management. Part B. Proceedings of the
      International Conference on Thalassemia. Bangkok, Thailand, June 30-July 3, 1985.

PMID- 3390529
TI  - On the determination of species fractions from ligand-binding data. Application
      to human hemoglobin.
AB  - A method outlined in a previous study (S.J. Gill, H.T. Gaud, J. Wyman and G.
      Barisas, Biophys. Chem. 8 (1978) 53) is applied for the determination of species
      fractions from ligand-binding data for the oxygen reaction with human hemoglobin.
      The results obtained by this alternative approach, which is based on the solution
      of a system of linear equations, are consistent with those obtained using
      nonlinear least-squares analysis.

PMID- 3390531
TI  - Subcutaneous diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid: comparison with
      desferrioxamine in thalassemic patients with iron overload.

PMID- 3390533
TI  - Normal serum ferritin levels following prolonged desferrioxamine therapy:
      Melbourne experience.

PMID- 3390532
TI  - Iron status in thalassemia major patients after long-term subcutaneous
      desferrioxamine.

PMID- 3390534
TI  - Rubber band technique for slow subcutaneous infusion of desferrioxamine
      (Desferal).
AB  - The DF given weekly by the RBIT in 14 thalassemia/hemoglobinopathy patients
      decreased the frequency of URIs and febrile illnesses in 5/10 patients. Five of
      the six patients had absence of frequent enteritis. There were no instances of
      pneumonia and otitis media in two patients with frequent infections before DF.
      Skin color was improved within 3 months. Most of the patients became more active
      at the same hematocrit level. The height and weight in eight patients was normal.
      The total number of blood transfusions in all patients was significantly
      decreased. It is advisable to use weekly DF infusion by RBIT in the patient who
      cannot afford to use the infusion pump and the full program of iron chelation.

PMID- 3390535
TI  - Oral ascorbic acid and iron excretion in thalassemic children treated with
      desferrioxamine-methansulfonate (Desferal).

PMID- 3390537
TI  - Usefulness of urinary ferritin measurement in the detection of intravascular
      hemolysis.

PMID- 3390536
TI  - Effects of deferoxamine on renal function in thalassemia.

PMID- 3390538
TI  - Pathologic findings in 76 autopsy cases of thalassemia.
AB  - Pathologic findings in six beta-thal major, 58 beta-thal Hb E, and 12 Hb H
      patients were presented. The causes of death were mainly infection in the first
      and second decades and cardiac failure in older patients. There was accelerated
      intramedullary and extramedullary erythropoiesis, with a few cases showing focal
      fibrosis, some with decreased cellularity and occasional atypia. Iron deposition
      mirrored that of thal patients in the European and American literature, apart
      from minimal cardiac siderosis, and the correlation between the amount of iron
      deposited and dysfunction of the particular organ was not always apparent.
      Patients with Hb H disease showed a less extensive iron deposition and organ
      pathology than those with the other two types of thalassemia.

PMID- 3390540
TI  - Iron status in Sicilian subjects with beta-thalassemia trait.

PMID- 3390539
TI  - Cardiac pathology in 76 thalassemic patients.
AB  - Heart disease is a major cause of death in thal patients after the first decade
      of life. This study was carried out on autopsy material from 76 patients, six
      with beta-thal major, 58 with beta-thal/Hb E, and 12 with Hb H disease. Of the 58
      patients with beta-thal/Hb E, which form the main group, all but one had cardiac
      hypertrophy, accompanied by dilatation in 17, five of ten patients with right
      ventricular and 14 of 25 patients with biventricular hypertrophy had chronic
      pulmonary thromboembolism. Iron deposition, while present in 18 patients, was
      very slight. Four patients had fibrinous pericarditis, two with diagnostic
      rheumatic heart disease; 15 patients had chronic pericarditis, with extensive
      fibrosis in half the cases. In comparison, the six patients with beta-thal major
      showed more severe cardiac changes, including more iron deposition. Of the 12 Hb
      H patients, two died of rheumatic heart disease, one had frank bilateral
      pulmonary embolism and striking right ventricular hypertrophy, while the
      remaining nine showed little cardiac pathology.

PMID- 3390541
TI  - Histochemical study of liver tissue from thalassemic patients.
AB  - The livers of 30 cases of advanced thalassemia were studied pathologically.
      Severe degrees of hemosiderosis and fibrosis were found in liver cells and
      Kupffer cells in most cases. Various histochemical stains have been used to
      determine the characteristics of FAB and to grade degrees of iron deposit and
      fibrosis. The correlation between hemosiderosis and fibrosis as well as the
      presence of FAB are described.

PMID- 3390542
TI  - Electron microscopic study of liver tissue from 30 thalassemic patients.
AB  - Electron microscopic study of liver tissue from 30 thal patients in advanced
      stages has been described. In all cases, regardless of the type of hemoglobin,
      electron microscopic observations gave identical results. Significant findings
      are ferroacidophilic bodies, ferroacidophilic degeneration of hepatocytes,
      interhepatocyte collagen, hemosiderin and ferritin, paracrystalline accumulations
      of ferritin molecules, and liver cell ballooning. The ultrastructures of FAB,
      FAD, and balloon cells were similar to those seen in viral hepatitis, but no
      viral particles were found.

PMID- 3390543
TI  - Histopathologic findings in Hb Bart hydrops fetalis.

PMID- 3390544
TI  - Diagnosis of beta-thalassemia intermedia at presentation.

PMID- 3390545
TI  - Monitoring progress in thalassemia major: what is important for the patient?

PMID- 3390546
TI  - Study of intellectual, social, and physical growth of Thai thalassemic children.

PMID- 3390547
TI  - Activities of liver cell-producing coagulation factors in thalassemic children.
AB  - Coagulation studies were carried out in 20 beta-thal children (five
      splenectomized) and 16 control children. It was found that the activities of
      factors II, VII, IX, and X (prothrombin complex group), V, and possibly I that
      are produced by hepatic parenchymal cells were uniformly depressed. Factor VIII
      activity was normal. There was no statistically significant difference in the
      prothrombin complex activity between the splenectomized and nonsplenectomized
      group, or those with and without parenteral vitamin K administration. The absence
      of "cold-activation" of factor VII in thal plasma, probably secondary to
      depressed activities of plasma kallikrein and HMW kininogen, further implicates
      liver involvement in these children.

PMID- 3390548
TI  - Intracranial ectopic erythropoiesis in a case of thalassemia major.

PMID- 3390549
TI  - Iron overload and lysosomal stability in beta (0)-thalassemia intermedia: N
      acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase isoenzymatic pattern.

PMID- 3390550
TI  - Hypertension posttransfusion in Thai thalassemic children: early detection and
      management.

PMID- 3390551
TI  - Cholecystectomy in thalassemia.

PMID- 3390552
TI  - Partial splenic embolization in patients with thalassemia major.

PMID- 3390553
TI  - Leukocyte antibodies in thalassemic patients.

PMID- 3390554
TI  - Red cell antibodies in thalassemia hemoglobinopathy patients.
AB  - One hundred sixty-four previously transfused patients with T/H disease received
      one to 136 transfusions with an average of 14.65. Immunization to red blood cell
      occurred in 14 patients (8.5%). Among these, 11 patients had alloantibody, one
      patient had autoimmune antibody, and two patients had both alloantibody and
      autoimmune antibody. The naturally occurring antibody (anti-Leb) was observed in
      pretransfused blood samples of two patients (1.2%). Most red cell immunization
      seemed to occur in the early period of blood transfusion.

PMID- 3390555
TI  - Iron balance and the management of iron overload in beta-thalassemia intermedia.

PMID- 3390556
TI  - Unexpected red cell antibodies in thalassemic children.
AB  - Nineteen of the 632 (3%) children with homozygous beta-thal and beta thal/Hb E
      developed alloantibodies to red cell antigens, primarily as a result of repeated
      transfusion. There were eight cases of anti-E, four cases of anti-E+, and two
      cases of anti-Le(a + b) antibodies. The low incidence rate in these patients is
      probably due to acquired tolerance.

PMID- 3390557
TI  - A study of thalassemia associated with pregnancy.

PMID- 3390559
TI  - Thalassemia and its problems in Indonesia by the year 2000.

PMID- 3390558
TI  - Study of hematopoietic progenitors in patients with thalassemia: the effect of
      splenectomy.

PMID- 3390560
TI  - Iron chelation in thalassemia.

PMID- 3390561
TI  - Thalassemia and abnormal hemoglobins in north India (Punjab).

PMID- 3390562
TI  - Hemoglobin Koya Dora in the tribal population of the East Godavari District,
      Andhra Pradesh, south India.

PMID- 3390563
TI  - Hb E thalassemia in Sri Lanka.

PMID- 3390564
TI  - Intertribal variation in the prevalence of alpha-thalassemia in Saudia Arabia.

PMID- 3390565
TI  - Alpha-thalassemia and Hb E in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia.

PMID- 3390566
TI  - Molecular basis and prevalence of alpha-thalassemia in Greece.

PMID- 3390567
TI  - The WHO control program for hereditary anemias.

PMID- 3390568
TI  - Control of beta-thalassemia in Sardinia.

PMID- 3390569
TI  - Thalassemia control in Greece.

PMID- 3390570
TI  - Characteristics of iron exchange between transferrin and hepatocytes in culture.

PMID- 3390571
TI  - The Cyprus Thalassemia Control Program.

PMID- 3390572
TI  - Review of control programs and future trends in the United Kingdom.

PMID- 3390573
TI  - Community control of thalassemia as a model of genetic disease: experience in the
      Lombardy region of Italy.

PMID- 3390574
TI  - Pregnant women identified as hemoglobinopathy carriers by prenatal screening want
      genetic counseling and use information provided.

PMID- 3390575
TI  - First trimester diagnosis of beta-thalassemia by DNA polymorphism analysis in the
      Italian population.

PMID- 3390576
TI  - Chemical studies of pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazone relevant to its clinical
      evaluation.

PMID- 3390577
TI  - Effect of pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazone and analogs on iron metabolism in
      hepatocytes and macrophages in culture.

PMID- 3390578
TI  - Iron metabolism and the effect of iron chelators in rat hepatoma cells.

PMID- 3390579
TI  - Iron status in heterozygous beta-thalassemia: detection of coexisting iron
      deficiency by transferrin saturation and serum ferritin.

PMID- 3390580
TI  - New orally active alpha-ketohydroxy pyridine chelators for the treatment of iron
      overload.

PMID- 3390581
TI  - [Retraction of processes of remaining cells of the leech nervous system caused by
      neuron destruction].
AB  - Individual mechanosensory neurons in the leech segmental ganglia were eliminated
      in vivo by intracellular Pronase injection. 7-20 days later Lucifer Yellow was
      injected into mechanosensory neurons of the same modality in isolated ganglia.
      There was a clear evidence of retraction of neuronal processes. It is suggested
      that the leech nervous system structure is not necessarily fixed and can be
      changed after the death of individual neurons.

PMID- 3390582
TI  - [Quantitative estimation of synaptic acetylcholinesterase inhibition with
      galanthamine using parameters of miniature endplate currents].
AB  - Miniature end-plate currents (MEPC) were recorded in voltage clamped muscle
      fibers of the rat diaphragm at different degrees of acetylcholinesterase (AChE)
      inhibition with galanthamine. A model has been suggested connecting the increase
      in MEPC amplitude with the concentration of a competitive reversible AChE
      inhibitor. Using the model suggested, the changes in the junctional AChE activity
      inhibited with different concentrations of galanthamine were estimated. The
      calculated value of the inhibitory galanthamine constant is 2.8 X 10(-7) M.

PMID- 3390583
TI  - [Lipid asymmetry and alpha-tocopherol distribution in outer and inner monolayers
      of bilayer lipid membranes].
AB  - Using chemical modification of aminophospholipids (phosphatidylethanolamine, PEA;
      phosphatidylserin, PS), the location of these phospholipids and their fatty acids
      has been studied in the inner and outer monolayers of unilayer liposomes. It has
      been shown that both PEA and PS were located predominantly in the inner monolayer
      and contained most of the polyenoic fatty acid residues. alpha-tocopherol
      incorporated into these liposomes was also located predominantly in the inner
      monolayers. In the liposomes, prepared from a single phospholipid
      (dioleoylphosphatidylcholine) no asymmetrical distribution of incorporated alpha
      tocopherol was observed.

PMID- 3390584
TI  - [Role of ceruloplasmin, transferrin and lipid peroxidation in bacterial
      infections of the CNS].
AB  - Ceruloplasmin and transferrin blood serum levels were measured during bacterial
      infection of the CNS. A decrease in ceruloplasmin level and a gradual increase in
      transferrin level were observed on the 5th day of the disease. The minimum
      ceruloplasmin level was observed simultaneously with the maximum MDA and GOT
      levels. There was a close correlation between the time course of ceruloplasmin,
      transferrin, MDA and GOT changes and the clinical condition of the patient.

PMID- 3390586
TI  - [Activation of lipid peroxidation in the brain in cerebral hemorrhage].
AB  - The effect of intracerebral hemorrhage (injection of 0.15 ml of autogenic blood
      during 2 min in capsula interna) on lipid peroxidation in brain tissue was
      studied in rat experiments. Intracerebral hemorrhage resulted in a progressive
      increase of conjugated diene and malonic dialdehyde concentrations, and a
      decrease in the levels of cerebral lipids antiradical activity. This effect
      appeared by the 3-rd hour and was significantly manifest 24 hours after the blood
      injection into the brain.

PMID- 3390585
TI  - [Initiation of peroxidation of liposome membrane lipids by activated
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes].
AB  - The influence of active oxygen forms produced by zymosan-stimulated
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) on the initiation of liposome lipid
      peroxidation has been studied. It has been shown, by measuring the concentration
      of TBA-active products, that lipid peroxidation induced by PMNL stimulation
      occurs only in the presence of Fe-ADP. This fact demonstrates that OH'-radicals
      are responsible for the initiation of lipid peroxidation. Superoxide dismutase
      and catalase almost completely inhibited PMNL-stimulated peroxidation. The
      results obtained suggest that active oxygen forms that appear during PMNL
      stimulation can migrate at a considerable distance from the place of their
      origin, initiating peroxidation of cell membrane lipids and lipoproteins in the
      presence of Fe ions, which seems to underlie bacteriocidal and cytotoxic action
      of phagocytes.

PMID- 3390587
TI  - [Interaction of pregna-D'-pentaranes--pentacyclic derivatives of progesterone-
      with gestagen-binding sites of uterine cytosol].
AB  - The interaction of promegestone (R-5020), progesterone (P) and its derivatives
      having and additional carbocyclic D' (pregna-D'-pentrans) with progestin-binding
      cytosol system of the uterus was studied in different species (rabbits, rats,
      guinea-pigs and men). A comparative analysis of the competitive binding data for
      the mentioned compounds has shown interspecies differences in ligand specificity.
      Two types of binding sites for 3H-D'-pentran (in contrast to R-5020 and P) have
      been detected in rabbit uterus cytosol, both in intact and estrogenized animals.
      However, in rabbits, estrogenization altered the values of the apparent
      equilibrium constants and binding capacities. At the same time, the interaction
      of pentran with progestin-binding sites in guinea-pig and human uterus cytosol is
      nonspecific. It is suggested that the features of the interaction of 3H-D'
      pentran with its binding sites in rabbit uterus cytosol may be determined by an
      increase in hydrophobic bond.

PMID- 3390588
TI  - [State of anti- and pro-oxidative systems during the healing of aseptic and
      infected wounds in animal experiments].
AB  - Time-course changes in the specific activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and
      hydroperoxides were studied in granulation tissue and blood serum of 230 Wistar
      male rats weighing 200-210 g with simulated aseptic and infected surface wounds
      before and 1-10, 12, 15 days after the operation. Differences in the level range
      of SOD and hydroperoxides specific activity were demonstrated in tissues and
      sera. The dependence of hydroperoxide levels on the wound stage, as well as the
      dependence of SOD specific activity time-course on the character and severity of
      wound were stated. The allowances should be made of those differences in the
      shifts observed in anti- and pro-oxidative systems during wound healing when
      corrective therapeutic measures are considered.

PMID- 3390589
TI  - [Elimination of immune complex deposits from the kidneys of autoimmune NZB/N mice
      administered a xeno-spleen perfusate].
AB  - 54 autoimmune NZB/N mice, 6 and 10 months of age, were intravenously injected 0.2
      ml solution prepared during perfusion of the isolated sheep spleen with a buffer
      solution. Perfusion solution was injected 8 times with 2-3-day intervals. The
      control group of 43 mice received intravenously 0.2 ml of a buffer solution in
      the similar manner. After the treatment the levels of anti-DNA antibodies and
      circulating immune complexes were significantly decreased in the sera of mice
      which received the perfusion solution, as compared with the levels of control
      groups. Immunofluorescent studies showed a marked decrease in the number of
      glomerular immune complexes deposits in mice treated with perfusion solution. Six
      and ten-month old mice exhibited a similar effect. The perfusion solution may be
      capable of eliminating the immune complexes from the blood and kidneys of
      autoimmune mice.

PMID- 3390590
TI  - [Specific antitumor cytotoxicity of blood platelets from the peripheral blood of
      patients with lung cancer].
AB  - The analysis of cytotoxic activity of platelets from patients with lung cancer is
      presented. It has been shown that these platelets lyse fresh isolated autological
      and allogenic tumor cells in 38.5% of cases and lyse the cells in the culture of
      lung adenocarcinoma cell line in 82.4% of cases, while platelets from healthy
      donors do not lyse fresh isolated and cultured cells of lung cancer. Cytotoxicity
      of platelets from patients and control subjects against HeLa and K 562 was
      identical and did not exceed 10%. The platelets from healthy controls, unlike
      platelets from patients with lung cancer, lysed tumor cells of melanoma cultured
      cell line Mel 1. Thus, it has been shown for the first time that platelets from
      the peripheral blood of patients with lung cancer have specific antitumor
      activity.

PMID- 3390591
TI  - [Possibility of the neoplastic transformation of thyroid gland cells in the graft
      vs host reaction].
AB  - The experiments were carried out on 60 first generation hybrids. Acute systemic
      "graft-versus-host" reaction (GVHR) was induced in (CBA X C57B1/6) X 60 X 10(6)
      hybrids by intravenous administration of spleen cells from C57B1/6 parents.
      Thyroid glands were examined on the 3rd, 10th and 24th days of GVHR. Chronic GVHR
      was studied in accordance with routine model. (C57B1/6 X DBA/2) hybrids were
      given 50 X 10(6) spleen cells from DBA/2 parents. Thyroid glands were
      investigated 6 months after GVHR induction. On the 10th day of GVHR histological
      examination revealed that follicular-like adenoma tumours with pronounced
      cellular abnormalities tended to appear in thyroid gland. In a chronic form of
      GVHR the histological pattern corresponds to that of follicular cancer.

PMID- 3390593
TI  - [Information given by interneuronal junctions of the rat cerebral cortex during
      the post-asphyxia period].
AB  - Using PTA technique, the organization of subsynaptic units (paramembrane
      specialized formations of the cytoskeleton) was revealed in the molecular layer
      of the rat neocortex during post-asphyxia period. The density and summarized
      length of the active contact zone (ACZ) with different degree of maturity of
      subsynaptic units were calculated and the information was evaluated. It was
      revealed that the total length of ACZ synapses was restored to the control level
      on the 7th day after asphyxia and the information of the synaptic pool was 30.1%
      on the 14th day, in spite of a significant deficiency in the synapse density. The
      information of the synaptic pool was restored mainly due to hypertrophy of
      interneuronal contacts with well developed presynaptic grating.

PMID- 3390592
TI  - [Formation of bone tissue by mouse bone marrow cell suspensions in organ
      culture].
AB  - Adult mouse bone marrow cell suspensions prepared by trypsinization were
      cultivated in gelatin sponges on millipore filters. When HAWP filters were used,
      multilayer bone structure was formed. It contained mineralized ground substance,
      incorporated bone cells and osteoblast layer. With the use of AUFS filters, bone
      tissue developed not only on the top surface, but also inside the filter.

PMID- 3390594
TI  - [Intracellular regeneration of neurons in the rat lateral hypothalamic area of
      the brain after resumption of food intake].
AB  - Electron microscopy was used to explore changes in intracellular regeneration
      processes in neurons of the anterior, medial and posterior parts of the lateral
      hypothalamus area (LHA) of rats at various time (10, 20, 30, 50 and 70 days)
      after resumption of food perception. Ultrastructural changes observed during 7
      days of food deprivation in intact neurons were of a reversible character.
      Recovery processes initially appeared and finished earlier in the neurons of
      medial (day 30) and anterior (day 50) parts of the LHA, in the posterior part of
      LHA the normalization of the neuronal structure was slower and was over only by
      the 70th day after the resumption of food reception. The above data are both of
      theoretical and practical importance, serving as a base for the study of directed
      treatment of diseases caused by hunger.

PMID- 3390595
TI  - [Quantitative analysis of dendritic spines of pyramidal neurons in the layers of
      the sensorimotor cortex of rats exposed to the Cosmos-1667 biosputnik].
AB  - There was made a quantitative description of dendritic spine density in the layer
      V pyramidal neurons of sensorimotor cortex in experimental and control rats.
      There was found an increase the number of apical dendritic spines lying in the
      layers III-IV both in the flight and control experimental groups. There was also
      an increase in the number of oblique dendritic spines in the layers III-IV in the
      flight group. No changes in basal dendritic spines and apical dendritic spines
      were noted in the layer I-II.

PMID- 3390596
TI  - [Subcellular mechanisms of the action of weak extra-low frequency electromagnetic
      fields on the cerebral cortex].
AB  - Electron microscopic examinations of the cerebral cortex in rabbits and rats
      after exposure to weak extra-low electromagnetic fields has detected
      ultrastructural changes whose degree in different nerve tissue elements was
      dependent on the duration of irradiation. Single exposure to weak extra-low
      electromagnetic field resulted only in the glial response of the neocortex, while
      multiple exposure resulted alternately in the response of glial cells or neuronal
      bodies. Three days after a single exposure and within 15 days after multiple
      exposure to electromagnetic field a complete repair of the nervous tissue was
      observed. No destructive or pathological alterations have been found which
      suggests the functional character of the reactions induced. Neuro-morphological
      alterations are of a similar character when induced by weak extra-low
      electromagnetic fields or other biophysical effects which points to common
      subcellular mechanisms of nonspecific adaptive reactions.

PMID- 3390597
TI  - [Cryogenic effect on the coronary arteries in animal experiments].
AB  - The present study was designed to examine both acute and chronic effects of
      cryothermia on the coronary arteries in the experimental model. Microscopic
      examination has revealed coronary intimal hyperplasia in the majority of coronary
      arteries at the site of cryogenic lesion. In some cases cryothermia was
      complicated by arterial thrombosis.

PMID- 3390598
TI  - [Scanning electron microscopy of injected replicas in the study of the vascular
      system of the liver in mice and rats].
AB  - Three-dimensional organization of the liver vascular bed in (C57B1/6 X CBA)F1
      mice and rats was examined by scanning electron microscopy of injection replicas.
      The data have been obtained on the character of branching, diameter of injection
      replicas in arterial and venous vasculature and different types of microvascular
      surface relief, depending on their location in the vascular bed.

PMID- 3390599
TI  - [Effects of gastric mucosa irradiation with helium-neon laser on epithelial
      cells].
AB  - Effect of various doses of low-tense laser irradiation on proliferative and
      functional morphology of fundal gastric epitheliocytes in rats was studied by
      endogastric irradiation with the methods of histochemistry, autoradiography,
      transmission and scanning electron microscopy. It was shown that laser
      irradiation effect varied with its dose and was spread on gastric mucosa lying at
      the site of direct influence. The doses of irradiation that had no alternative
      effect induced reconstruction of epitheliocytes especially mucocytes indicating
      intensification of specific function in them, as well as an increase of
      proliferative activity.

PMID- 3390600
TI  - [Changes in the ultrastructure of neuromuscular synapses in rats under the
      effects of space flight factors].
AB  - The influence of a 7-day space flight on board the biosputnik "Kosmos-1669" on
      the neuro-muscular synapses (NMS) of soleus, gastrocnemius and diaphragm muscles
      distinct in their functions has been studied. The synapse restructuring on the
      basis of destructive- regenerative process has been discovered. It is manifested
      to a great extent in the soleus muscle, to a lesser extent in the gastrocnemius
      muscle and the least of all in the diaphragm muscle. The changes observed in
      synapses may be caused by the attenuation of their function in weightlessness.

PMID- 3390601
TI  - [Characteristics of post-traumatic differentiation of satellite cells in skeletal
      muscles].
AB  - Muscle trauma during preliminary denervation stimulates generation and
      differentiation of satellite cells. There are two types of posttraumatic cells
      with different types of albumin synthesis (intracellular and extracellular) under
      the sarcolemma of the muscle fibers. It is assumed that either two different
      types of cells differentiating along myogenic and fibrogenic lines are to be
      found under muscle sarcolemma, or the original satellite cell is capable of
      differentiating in several directions.

PMID- 3390602
TI  - [Neuromuscular junctions of the rat diaphragm in experimental
      hypoparathyroidism].
AB  - The ultrastructure of neuro-muscular junctions in diaphragm muscle underwent
      certain changes in the course of experimental hypothyrosis (thermal destruction
      of a part of parathyroid gland). The most pronounced structural changes were
      observed in maximum hypocalcemia (7 days after the operation). There was a
      correlation between the pattern of a transmitter release and some parameters of
      vesicular apparatus (the number and volume distribution of synaptic vesicles).
      These effects suggest that hypoparathyroidism causes an increase in calcium
      content in axon terminals.

PMID- 3390603
TI  - [Morphological analysis of the effects of sympathetic denervation on the immune
      mechanisms of the intestine].
AB  - The influence of surgical sympathetic denervation on the morphological parameters
      of the effector part of immune protection in the rat small intestine was
      investigated at different time periods after the operation. The disturbances in
      sympathetic innervation leads to the activation of the immune system. The
      activation is expressed in an increase in the amount of intraepithelial
      lymphocytes in intestinal villi and the amount of lymphocytes and plasmocytes in
      mucous tunica propria. The morphological changes observed correlate with a
      decrease in intestinal epithelial thickness. This may be caused by increased
      stimulation of the intestinal immune protection by antigens contained in the
      chyme .

PMID- 3390604
TI  - [Morphological study of the damaging effect of an EB vaccine strain of the plague
      microbe in inbred mice].
AB  - The data obtained during the study of the morphological changes in the internal
      organs and blood of 6 mouse strains at the early stages of anti-plague immunity
      are presented. It has been established that the introduction of 5.10(3) and
      1.10(5) m. b. of the EV vaccine strain resulted in the development of
      morphological changes typical of residual virulence. The degree of these changes
      depended on the haplotype of the animals and the dose used. The most resistant to
      injury induced by EV strain were CBA mice (haplotype H-2k) and the most sensitive
      were C57BL/6 mice (haplotype H-2b).

PMID- 3390605
TI  - Thrombospondin promotes platelet aggregation.
AB  - Thrombospondin (TSP), isolated from human platelets, promotes aggregation of both
      nonstimulated platelets and platelets stimulated with thrombin or ADP. The TSP
      promoted aggregation is specific since a monoclonal antibody against TSP inhibits
      the effect of exogenously added TSP and inhibits thrombin-induced platelet
      aggregation in the absence of added TSP. Several lines of evidence suggest that
      TSP mediates its effect on aggregation of nonstimulated and stimulated platelets
      through different platelet-surface receptor systems. The TSP-promoted aggregation
      of nonstimulated platelets was inhibited by a monoclonal antibody to platelet
      glycoprotein IV (GPIV), but not by a monoclonal antibody to the fibrinogen
      receptor, GPIIb-IIIa. In contrast, the antibody to GPIIb-IIIa totally inhibited
      the TSP-potentiated aggregation of thrombin-stimulated platelets, whereas the
      antibody to GPIV has no effect. Thus, these studies suggest that TSP promotes
      platelet aggregation by at least two mechanisms--one dependent on and one
      independent of the platelet fibrinogen receptor system.

PMID- 3390606
TI  - Neutrophil interaction with influenza-infected epithelial cells.
AB  - An in vitro model system was used to study the early neutrophil response to
      influenza-infected epithelia. In the absence of serum, neutrophil adherence to
      influenza-infected confluent monolayers of Madin-Darby canine kidney epithelial
      cells (MDCK) was approximately 590 times greater than neutrophil binding to
      control cultures. The leukocytes bound specifically to virus-infected cells.
      Neutrophil adherence to influenza-infected MDCK cells was monitored during the
      course of one replication cycle, and binding began at a time (4.5 hours) that
      coincided with viral protein insertion in the apical cell membrane.
      Ultrastructural examination at 4.5 hours showed that greater than 90% of the
      neutrophils adhered to the epithelial cell membrane in the absence of budding
      virus and, at 6.5 hours, 100% of the neutrophils adhered to the epithelium with
      emerging virions. The number of neutrophils bound to influenza-infected MDCK
      cells was not affected by the presence or absence of calcium or magnesium but did
      depend on the amount of viral inoculum and on the temperature of the culture. In
      direct contrast to hemadsorption of RBCs, neutrophil binding to influenza
      infected MDCK cells was 100% greater at 37 degrees C than at 4 degrees C. The
      neutrophil surface molecules that bound influenza virus appeared to become
      functionally polarized because the adherence of neutrophils to budding influenza
      virus or to a virus-coated surface inhibited the neutrophils from binding
      additional influenza virus to their nonadherent surface.

PMID- 3390609
TI  - Molecular cloning of the cDNA for human erythrocyte beta-spectrin.
AB  - Overlapping cDNA clones, totaling 3.3 kilobases (kb) in length, which encode over
      50% of the human erythrocyte beta-spectrin subunit, were isolated by antibody
      screening of a lambda gt11 expression library constructed from human fetal liver
      mRNA. The amino acid sequence of the C-terminus of beta-spectrin was derived. The
      size of beta-spectrin mRNA in human erythroleukemia cells was found to be 7.5 kb.
      Erythrocyte beta-spectrin is encoded by a gene located on human chromosome 14, as
      determined by cDNA hybridization to human X mouse somatic cell hybrids.

PMID- 3390607
TI  - Contractile proteins participate in release of erythroid growth regulators from
      mononuclear cells.
AB  - We have investigated the role of contractile proteins of circulating mononuclear
      cells in generation of membrane-associated, erythroid growth regulatory
      molecules. Lymphocytes and monocytes were incubated under serum-free conditions
      without and with cytochalasin B, cytochalasin D, or colchicine, and effects on
      positive and negative erythropoietic activities were determined in cell membranes
      and in surface membrane vesicle-rich pellets and supernatants of dialyzed medium
      conditioned by the cells. In serum-free cultures of human bone marrow, plasma
      membranes and exfoliated membrane-derived vesicles from cytochalasin-treated
      lymphocytes lost their capacity to support the formation of erythroid bursts,
      while monocyte membrane-associated inhibitory activity was abolished by
      preincubation with cytochalasin. In contrast, membrane-associated activities of
      colchicine-treated cells were unaffected. Cytochalasin-induced alterations of
      membrane regulatory molecules were observed in a dose-dependent fashion over a
      wide range of concentrations (1 to 100 micrograms/mL) tested. However, the
      capacity of membrane vesicle-free supernatants of medium conditioned by
      lymphocytes or monocytes was unaffected by cytochalasins, regardless of drug
      concentration used. Lysates of cytochalasin B-treated cells inhibited the
      activity of deoxyribonuclease I to a greater degree than did lysates of untreated
      cells, suggesting that the relative amount of monomeric actin is increased in the
      cytoplasm of treated cells. Furthermore, results of experiments with D-glucose
      and with cytochalasin D suggest that cytochalasin effects are independent of
      alterations in glucose metabolism. The data indicate that expression of plasma
      membrane-associated regulators is sensitive to agents that block polymerization
      of actin. They raise the possibility that changes in distribution of actin
      between unpolymerized and filamentous pools may influence the organization and/or
      function of mononuclear cell surface-associated erythroid regulatory molecules.

PMID- 3390608
TI  - Molecular cloning, expression, and chromosomal localization of a human gene
      encoding the CD33 myeloid differentiation antigen.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies of the CD33 cluster group recognize a 67-kilodalton (Kd)
      protein, designated p67, expressed on the surface of normal human myeloid
      progenitors and leukemic cells from most patients with acute myelogenous
      leukemia. The human gene encoding p67 was isolated in a mouse genetic background
      after DNA-mediated gene transfer and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS)
      for transformants that bound the monoclonal antibody MY9. After three serial
      rounds of gene transfer and cell sorting, multiple independently derived tertiary
      mouse cell transformants were obtained that expressed p67. Southern blot analysis
      revealed that these transformants shared restriction fragments containing highly
      reiterated human DNA sequences. Two shared EcoRI fragments of 3.3-kilobase (kb)
      and 9.5-kb pairs were molecularly cloned into bacteriophage vectors. A subsegment
      of the 3.3-kb fragment lacking repeated sequences was then used as a unique
      sequence probe to isolate two independent cosmid clones. Cells transfected with
      DNA from both cosmid clones bound MY9, and the human p67 protein was demonstrated
      by immunoprecipitation. NFS mice inoculated with a mouse cell transformant
      coexpressing p67 and the v-fms oncogene product produced antisera that
      specifically immunoprecipitated p67 from human leukemic cell lines, mouse cell
      transformants, and mouse cells transfected with the biologically active cosmid
      clones. The human p67 locus was previously assigned to chromosome 19 by screening
      a panel of rodent X human somatic cell hybrids with the unique sequence probe.
      The gene was sublocalized to the q13.3 region of chromosome 19 by in situ
      hybridization. RNA transcripts of approximately 1.6 kb and 1.4 kb were identified
      in polyadenylated RNA from human myeloid leukemia cell lines using a probe from
      the genomic locus. Manipulation of the cloned p67 gene may provide insight into
      the function of its product and mechanisms regulating its expression.

PMID- 3390610
TI  - Management of alloimmune thrombocytopenia: antenatal diagnosis and in utero
      transfusion of maternal platelets.
AB  - Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (NAIT) can cause severe bleeding in the
      central nervous system (CNS) and death or severe neurologic sequelae. The
      expression of the PLA1 antigen is detectable as early as 19 weeks of gestation.
      Alloimmunization can therefore lead to fetal thrombocytopenia very early in
      pregnancy. Until recently, we have had no means of detecting and assessing the
      severity of fetal thrombocytopenia during pregnancy. The level of the maternal
      antibody is not of a predictable value since 20% of the mothers had no
      circulating antibodies in our series. An alternative approach is to carry out
      investigations on fetal blood samplings. This management leads to an exact
      knowledge of the fetal status and antenatal diagnosis is feasible as early as the
      21st week of gestation. Early diagnosis facilitates appropriate management and
      makes possible such therapeutic options as in utero maternal platelet
      transfusions. We report our experience in the antenatal diagnosis and management
      of nine cases with in utero transfusion in the six cases with severe
      thrombocytopenia. All neonates did well, with no signs of bleeding at birth. No
      side effects of therapy were noted after a period ranging from 6 months to 3
      years.

PMID- 3390611
TI  - Platelet IgG, IgA, IgM, and albumin: correlation of platelet and plasma
      concentrations in normal subjects and in patients with ITP or dysproteinemia.
AB  - IgG, IgA, IgM, and albumin are primarily known as plasma proteins. Their presence
      in platelets is poorly understood. The total platelet content of IgG, IgA, and
      albumin, measured in solubilized platelets by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent
      assay (ELISA) technique, was greater than 90% secreted after stimulation by
      thrombin, consistent with an alpha-granule location. The platelet concentrations
      of these proteins correlated with their plasma concentrations in normal subjects
      and over a wide range of abnormalities in patients with IgG or IgA myeloma or
      liver cirrhosis. IgM was not detectable in normal platelets but was measurable
      and related to the plasma IgM concentration in patients with macroglobulinemia.
      In patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), the platelet
      concentrations of IgG, IgA, and albumin were all twofold to threefold higher than
      normal despite normal plasma concentrations. Platelet surface IgG, measured by
      125I-monoclonal antibody binding, constituted less than 1% of the total platelet
      IgG, and it appeared to be a pool distinct from the alpha-granule IgG since its
      concentration in normal subjects and patients did not correlate with either
      plasma or total platelet IgG concentrations. These observations are consistent
      with hypotheses that megakaryocytes incorporate plasma proteins into developing
      alpha-granules by pinocytosis and that the increased ratio of platelet to plasma
      of IgG, IgA, and albumin in ITP may reflect a younger average age of these
      platelets.

PMID- 3390612
TI  - Significance of soluble CD23 ('IgE-binding factor') in pathologic sera.

PMID- 3390613
TI  - Erythrocyte glutathione S-transferase deficiency and hemolytic anemia.
AB  - A patient with unexplained erythrocyte glutathione-S-transferase (GST) deficiency
      has been detected among 513 unrelated persons with hemolytic anemia. An otherwise
      healthy adult male, the deficient individual had a mild hemolytic anemia with
      splenomegaly, indirect hyperbilirubinemia, and cholelithiasis. Because he was
      adopted and childless, the hereditary nature of the defect could not be
      established. The residual enzyme activity was only about 15% of mean normal.
      Depletion of glutathione (GSH) from the cells by 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene
      (CDNB), a substrate for GST, was somewhat decreased in the red cells from the
      patient, suggesting that a functional defect existed. The kinetic properties of
      the residual enzyme and the ratio of activity to antigenicity were normal. Modest
      decreases in leukocyte and platelet GST activities were documented. Although a
      cause-and-effect relationship between the GST deficiency and hemolysis may exist,
      this cannot be proven in the absence of affected family members.

PMID- 3390614
TI  - Electrophysiological properties of the mesenteric artery of the rabbit with
      perinephritis hypertension.
AB  - Membrane potential and tension were simultaneously recorded in ileal arteries
      isolated from rabbits with perinephritis hypertension and from sham operated
      controls. Stimulation of perivascular nerves with single pulses produced
      excitatory junction potentials, action potentials and contraction. Setting
      resting tension to levels equivalent to intraluminal pressures of 23, 70 and 114
      mm Hg had no effect on the resting membrane potential, excitatory junction
      potential amplitude, action potential threshold or membrane time constant. The
      resting membrane potential in arteries from hypertensive rabbits was 3.7 mV less
      negative than in the shams. There were no significant changes in the action
      potential threshold or membrane time constant. It is suggested that the changes
      observed in the membrane potential may contribute to the increased responsiveness
      found in arteries from this model of hypertension.

PMID- 3390615
TI  - Morphology and contractile properties of smooth muscle cells isolated from the
      dog carotid artery.
AB  - Collagenase and elastase treatment was used to isolate vascular smooth muscle
      cells from canine carotid artery. Their structure and function were compared to
      those in situ. Morphological studies showed that these cells when relaxed in situ
      were 120-133 micron mean length, connected by numerous typical gap junctions,
      covered by a basal lamina and like other smooth muscles in structure. After
      isolation, the median length of single cells was 82 micron. There was structural
      evidence of some contraction and the basal lamina was absent, but many structures
      were preserved. Cell clumps of 2-15 cells were often found; cells in such clumps
      often appeared to be all relaxed or all contracted. Isolated single cells
      contracted to KCl elevation or to norepinephrine up to 49 or 37% of initial
      length, EC50 values for contraction by norepinephrine and KCl were 0.4 microM and
      40 mM, respectively; norepinephrine maximum contraction was about 35% less than
      that for KCl. Lightly loaded spirally cut strips from carotid artery were also
      studied. EC50 values for norepinephrine and KCl were 4 microM and 40 mM and
      unaffected by removal of the endothelium. Again, maximum contractions to
      norepinephrine were less than those to KCl. Contraction speeds were similar for
      isolated cells and intact strips. However, relaxation of maximally contracted
      isolated cells did not occur within 10 min. We conclude that canine carotid
      artery smooth muscle cells can be isolated with little structural or functional
      damage. The large number of gap junctions between cells and the tendency for
      cells to be isolated in small groups connected by gap junctions suggests that
      these cells would be useful for study of cell-to-cell coupling between arterial
      muscle cells.

PMID- 3390616
TI  - Metabolism of exogenous noradrenaline in constricted and in distended rabbit ear
      arteries.
AB  - (1) The metabolism of extraluminal and of intraluminal 3H-noradrenaline (3H-NA;
      0.18 mumol/l) was examined in arteries from reserpine-pretreated rabbits. The
      arteries were perfused in Ca medium (a) in the absence of prazosin to permit
      constriction to occur, (b) in the presence of prazosin, and (c) at a high
      intraluminal pressure (110 mm Hg; prazosin present) in order to distend the
      vessel. (2) The constrictor activity of the extraluminal NA was extremely weak,
      and antagonism by prazosin was not associated with a change in metabolite
      formation. The only change accompanying distension was a small (24%) increase in
      3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylene glycol (DOPEG) formation. (3) The constrictor
      activity of intraluminal NA was much stronger than that of extraluminal NA.
      Antagonism of constriction by prazosin was accompanied by a 5-fold increase in
      DOPEG formation and a 2-fold increase in normetanephrine (NMN) formation.
      Distension resulted in a further 3-fold increase in DOPEG formation, but had
      little effect on NMN formation. (4) Since DOPEG is neuronal in origin, it is
      suggested that the changes in DOPEG formation in point 3 above reflect changes in
      the rate at which the intraluminal NA diffuses into the region of the sympathetic
      nerve terminals. In support of this suggestion, (a) distension was without effect
      when DOPEG formation was related to the vascular dimensions which determine rate
      of diffusion of NA, instead of to vascular mass, and (b) effects of constriction
      and distension on the rate of diffusion of intraluminal 14C-sorbitol across the
      artery wall paralleled their effects on DOPEG formation. (5) The effects of
      constriction on NMN formation in point 3 are attributed to diminished uptake2 (on
      which NMN formation depends) in the contracted smooth muscle, in association with
      tendencies for both NMN formation, and contractile activity, to be localized to
      the region of the vessel wall closest to the surface of entry of the NA. (6)
      Diffusion coefficients of 14C-sorbitol were estimated. The estimates indicate
      that (a) the changes in vascular dimensions are the prime determinants of rates
      of diffusion, (b) diffusivity is decreased when the vessel constricts, and (c)
      there may be bulk flow of the intraluminal medium into the vessel wall when it is
      distended by a high intraluminal pressure.

PMID- 3390618
TI  - Mass spectral studies of the carboxylic acid ionophore antibiotic griseochelin
      and its derivatives.
AB  - The electron impact (EI) mass spectra (75 eV) of the new carboxylic acid
      ionophore griseochelin and some of its derivatives are discussed. The mass
      spectral fragmentation was studied using exact mass measurements and deuterium
      labelling. Furthermore, the negative ion mass spectra (2-4 eV) of these compounds
      are compared with their EI mass spectra.

PMID- 3390619
TI  - Distinction of alpha- and beta-aspartyl and alpha- and gamma-glutamyl peptides by
      fast atom bombardment/tandem mass spectrometry.
AB  - A fast atom bombardment/collisional activation/linked-scan at constant B/E
      (tandem mass spectrometric) method is described which can distinguish between
      alpha- and beta-aspartyl and alpha- and gamma-glutamyl underivatized peptides.
      The method is based upon differences in loss of CO from aspartyl or glutamyl B
      fragment ions (IB) in these isomers which are rationalized from the stability of
      the resultant A-fragment ions (IA). It was observed that the ratio of IB:IA which
      was used in this determination was dependent upon the collision cell pressure.
      The higher the collision cell pressure, the larger the difference between the
      IB:IA ratios for these linkages.

PMID- 3390620
TI  - Changes in a nuclear matrix antigen during the cell cycle: interphase and mitotic
      cells.
AB  - We studied the behaviour in interphase and mitotic human cells of a 125 kDa (pI
      6.5) antigen, associated with the nuclear matrix and detected in proliferating
      cells. Indirect immunofluorescence with a specific monoclonal antibody reveals
      that during interphase in WISH and Namalwa cells, as well as phytohaemagglutinin
      stimulated lymphocytes, the antigen displays a speckled distribution in the
      nucleoplasm of all cells. At early prophase the fluorescence intensity of the
      coalesced speckles increases markedly. During metaphase and anaphase the antigen
      gives maximal fluorescence distributed diffusely in the nucleoplasm, while
      chromosomes remain negative. At anaphase and cytokinesis the antigen is still
      cytoplasmic, but fluorescence intensity decreases. Two-dimensional gel
      electrophoresis and immunoblotting reveal that the p125/6.5 antigen displays a
      net increase in isolated mitotic cells as compared to interphase cells. These
      results suggest that the p125/6.5 protein participates in late G2 phase and G2/M
      transition events preparing the cell for mitosis.

PMID- 3390617
TI  - Deficiency of pluripotent hemopoietic progenitor cells in myelodysplastic
      syndromes.
AB  - Pluripotent (CFU-MIX), erythroid (BFU-E) and granulocyte/macrophage (CFU-GM)
      progenitor cells were examined in bone marrow (BM) from 23 patients with
      myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Patients were grouped according to the FAB
      classification: Refractory anemia (RA), n = 3; RA with ring sideroblasts (RARS),
      n = 3; RA with excess of blasts (RAEB), n = 8; RA with excess of blasts in
      transformation (RAEBt), n = 7; chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), n = 2. In
      FAB groups RA, RARS, RAEB and RAEBt CFU-GM concentrations were normal or
      decreased but both CMML-patients had increased CFU-GM values. Abnormal cluster
      growth was observed in 9 of 23 MDS-patients. BFU-E colony formation was subnormal
      in all cases. Mixed-colony assay values were at the lower limit of controls in
      one patient and decreased in the remaining 22 MDS-patients. A similar growth
      pattern of hemopoietic progenitor cells was observed in 19 patients with acute
      nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL), who were studied for comparison. These data
      suggest a quantitative or qualitative/functional defect of the pluripotent
      progenitor cell compartment as the major cause for the cytopenia in MDS-patients.

PMID- 3390621
TI  - Three-dimensional computer reconstructions from serial sections of cell nuclei.
AB  - The analysis of ultrathin serial sections as 3-dimensional (3D) information
      requires interpretation and display of a large amount of data. We suggest a
      simple way to solve this problem; it permits presentation of a series of sections
      as a 3D color image of good quality. It involves a picture system with
      specialized hardware and software written for this purpose. 3D images of cellular
      organelles have been drawn either by manually defining the contour of the objects
      or by thresholding of the volumes in the structures. These 2 methods allow rapid
      drawing of the image on the screen. It is possible to determine the position,
      shape and size of 3D structures. This interactive system allows the user to
      choose between several options: colors, removal of parts of the object, and
      cutout.

PMID- 3390622
TI  - Transferrin secretion and hepatocyte ploidy: analysis at the single cell level
      using a semi-automatic image analysis method.
AB  - In a previous work it was shown that transferrin (Tf) secretion is directly
      related to the membrane surface area of hepatocytes (Pechinot D. et al. [31]).
      The aim of the present work was to search for a possible relationship between Tf
      secretion and hepatocytic ploidy using a semi-automatic image analysis method. A
      determination of Tf secretion by isolated normal adult hepatocytes was achieved
      at the single cell level, using a modified reverse hemolytic plaque test. A
      Feulgen reaction was also performed on these hepatocytes. It allowed the
      evaluation, for each secreting hepatocyte, of the quantity of Tf secreted and its
      nuclear characteristics. Discrimination between diploid (2c) and tetraploid (4c
      and 2c2c) hepatocytes was performed and the amount of Tf secreted by each
      subpopulation determined. It appeared that a 2-fold secretion ratio was not found
      between tetraploid and diploid hepatocytes. These results suggest, as Tf
      production is not directly proportional to the degree of ploidy of hepatocytes,
      that some not yet elucidated regulatory mechanisms may act on Tf gene expression.

PMID- 3390623
TI  - Polarity reversal of inside-out thyroid follicles cultured within collagen gel:
      structure of the junctions assessed by freeze-fracture and lanthanum
      permeability.
AB  - The organization of tight junctional complexes (TJs) was studied in cultured
      porcine thyroid cells during the inversion of polarity induced by collagen
      embedding of inside-out follicles, using freeze-fracture replicas and lanthanum
      penetration. During the early steps of polarity reversal, freeze-fractures showed
      that TJs generally persisted. They increased in width and progressively branched
      out into the basolateral surfaces, towards the basal pole. Later, the number of
      TJ strands decreased and gap junctions inserted within TJ networks were found
      between cells in reversed follicles, in the same manner as in typically polarized
      follicles, embedded in collagen or in suspension. The de novo formation of TJ
      complexes was rarely found in the reversing structures. Despite the heterogeneity
      of TJs assessed by freeze-fracture, impermeability to lanthanum tracer was noted
      in inside-out structures. During the reversal process, some TJs remained
      unstained, whereas others displayed permeability to lanthanum. This heterogeneity
      might be due to the "opening" of a small number of junctions (perhaps only one by
      aggregate). When the process was achieved after 48 hr in collagen, the tightness
      of the junctions was complete, confirmed by the absence of lanthanum in luminal
      cavities of newly formed follicles.

PMID- 3390624
TI  - Changes in iodine mapping in rat thyroid during the course of iodine deficiency:
      imaging and relative quantitation by analytical ion microscope.
AB  - The analytical ion microscope (AIM) makes possible imaging and relative
      quantitation of multiple stable or labeled elements on an even tissue section,
      according to their mass. The purpose of this work was to follow at the rat
      thyroid follicle level the changes in 127I mapping during low iodine diet (LID)
      in relation to the ability of thyroid to pick up radioiodine (129I) and to
      synthesize Tg from its precursor, 2H-labeled leucine. The overall picture of
      images and countings of 127I shows a progressive decrease of the luminal iodine
      concentration which on day 80 was 10-fold lower than that of control value. In
      control rat thyroid cell, concentration was 10-fold lower than that of follicular
      lumina and was unchanged until 35 days, but the size of the cytoplasmic
      compartment increased, suggesting a redistribution of iodine stores between
      thyroid cells and follicular lumina. 129I was always found in colloid as well as
      in cells at all stages. After 35 days of LID, cytoplasmic and luminal radioiodine
      concentrations decreased. In control rats, [2H]leucine was found mainly in the
      cells. During LID its localization was evidenced progressively in most of the
      lumina. The most striking fact was the presence up to 35 days of some large
      residual follicles with high 127I concentration and low 129I and 2H
      incorporation. These data demonstrate the follicular heterogeneity of thyroid
      response to progressive chronic TSH stimulation induced by LID.

PMID- 3390625
TI  - Ciliogenesis and centriole formation in the mouse embryonic nervous system. An
      ultrastructural analysis.
AB  - Serial ultrathin sections were used to study the formation of the primary cilium
      and the centriolar apparatus, basal body, and centriole in the neuroepithelial
      primordial cell of the embryonic nervous system in the mouse. At the end of
      mitosis, the centrioles seem to migrate toward the ventricular process of the
      neuroepithelial cell, near the ventricular surface. One of these centrioles, the
      nearest to the ventricular surface, begins to mature to form a basal body, since
      its tip is capped by a vesicle probably originating in the cytoplasm. This
      vesicle fuses with the plasmalemma and the cilium growth by the centrifugal
      extension of the 9 sets of microtubule doublets. These 9 sets invade the thick
      base of the cilium which is initially capped by a ball-shaped tip with the
      appearance of a mushroom cilium. The secondary extension of 7, then 5, and
      finally 2 sets of microtubule doublets contribute to form the tip of the mature
      cilium, which is associated with a mature centriolar apparatus formed by a basal
      body and a centriole. Centriologenesis occurs before mitosis and is concomitant
      with the progressive resorption of the cilium. The daughter centriole, or
      procentriole, begins to take form near the tips of fibrils that extend
      perpendicularly and at a short distance from the wall of the parent centriole.
      Osmiophilic material accumulates around these fibrils, and gives rise to the
      microtubules of the mature daughter centriole. These centrioles formed by a
      centriolar process are further engaged in mitosis, after the total resorption of
      the cilium. This pattern of development suggests that in the primordial cells of
      the embryonic nervous system, centriologenesis and ciliogenesis are 2 independent
      phenomena.

PMID- 3390627
TI  - Blastema cell proliferation in vitro: effects of limb amputation on the mitogenic
      activity of spinal cord extracts.
AB  - Primary cultures of mesenchymal cells of axolotl limb blastemas provide a very
      sensitive in vitro bioassay for studying nerve dependence of newt regeneration.
      These cells can be stimulated by crude spinal cord extracts of non-amputated
      animals in a dose-dependent manner up to 60 micrograms protein/ml of culture
      medium; at this concentration the mitotic index is increased 4-fold. Spinal cord
      extracts of axolotls 14 days after forelimb amputation (i.e., late bud stage) are
      more efficient in stimulating blastema cell proliferation (+50%) than extracts of
      axolotls 7 days after forelimb amputation (i.e., early bud stage) or of axolotls
      without amputation. In a similar manner, spinal cord extracts of young axolotls
      14 days after forelimb amputation, are more stimulatory than older axolotls 14 d
      after forelimb amputation which regenerate only a very small blastema during the
      same time. It appears that spinal cord mitogenic activity is enhanced after limb
      amputation, probably in correlation with blastema cell requirements for limb
      regeneration.

PMID- 3390626
TI  - Regeneration of muscles after cardiotoxin injury. I. Cytological aspects.
AB  - Regeneration of several adult rat and mouse skeletal muscles was studied after
      degeneration of muscle fibers had been obtained by the selective action of the
      cardiotoxin of Naja mossambica mossambica venom. Experimental conditions were set
      up to ensure minimal damage to satellite cells and also the nerves and blood
      vessels of the original muscles. As in the other types of experimental
      regeneration, the structure of the regenerated muscle appeared in many respects
      different from that of the normal muscle. Moreover the neuromuscular junctions of
      'en plaque' type were transformed to 'en grappe' type junctions. Many
      ultrastructural abnormalities often displayed by these junctions might be linked,
      at least partially, to the persistence in the regenerating muscle of the original
      synaptic basal lamina sheaths and their inductive properties.

PMID- 3390628
TI  - Investigation of the long-term effects of unilateral hearing loss in adults.
AB  - The recent audiological literature has put forward the hypothesis that children
      with unilateral hearing loss (UHL) show delays in educational achievement and
      academic progress and some behavioural difficulties. This motivated us to
      investigate the long-term effects of monaural auditory deprivation in a group of
      adults who had suffered from UHL since childhood. A group of subjects, ranging in
      age from 30 to 55 years, suffering from sensorineural UHL since early childhood,
      has been examined for psychosocial and psychoacoustical effects and statistically
      compared with a control group matched for age and sex. We prepared a
      questionnaire directed to provide some objective and subjective indices of
      psychosocial disability and handicap. Some questions were directed towards
      specific aspects of auditory function; others assessed the degree of education
      and the type of working performed. The results of the investigation confirmed the
      superiority of binaural v. monaural hearing. This was clearly demonstrated in
      psycho-acoustical performance in sound localisation, speech recognition in noise,
      together with the appreciation of music. On the other hand, the parameters
      concerned with educational, social and employment achievement did not support the
      existence of any significant difference between binaurally and monaurally hearing
      subjects. The data obtained in the present study thus do not support the
      existence of non-auditory, long-term effects of monaural hearing loss.

PMID- 3390629
TI  - Tympanometry as a screening test for treatable hearing loss in the elderly.
AB  - One hundred and fourteen adults with hearing loss, but without otorrhoea, were
      studied with the aim of establishing whether tympanometry could be used as a
      screening test to identify potentially treatable aural pathology. Tympanometry
      was compared with independent otoscopy. No middle ear pathology likely to be of
      significance in an elderly person was found in ears with a normal tympanogram.
      All ears with significant pathology gave an abnormal tympanogram, and in addition
      there was a false positive rate of 6.8%. We suggest that elderly patients with
      dry ears and a normal tympanogram could be fitted with a hearing aid without
      specialist otological examination.

PMID- 3390630
TI  - Recommended procedure for Rinne and Weber tuning fork tests.

PMID- 3390631
TI  - Tuning fork tests.

PMID- 3390632
TI  - Paediatric audiology: high-frequency stimulation, diagnosis and amplification.

PMID- 3390633
TI  - Jet noise and mental health.

PMID- 3390634
TI  - False positive retrocochlear ABR results.

PMID- 3390635
TI  - Rehabilitation of adults with acquired hearing loss: the psychological dimension.

PMID- 3390636
TI  - Hearing loss in sports hunters exposed to occupational noise.
AB  - The hearing level of 133 railway workers who also hunted for sport was evaluated
      and compared with that of 82 non-hunting colleagues. Both groups were affected by
      hearing loss, mostly involving the high-frequency range. Hunters were found to
      differ from non-hunters by having significantly worse hearing threshold in the
      ear contralateral to the shoulder supporting the firearm. The interaural
      threshold difference at 4 kHz was related to the number of rounds fired and
      exposure duration, thus providing an estimate of the adverse effect of gunfire
      noise to which the hunters had been exposed.

PMID- 3390638
TI  - Cervical screening.

PMID- 3390637
TI  - A comparison of four methods of implementing automatic gain control (AGC) in
      hearing aids.
AB  - Hearing impairment of cochlear origin is usually associated with loudness
      recruitment. As a consequence, the dynamic range between threshold and the
      highest comfortable level is smaller than normal. To ensure that low-level sounds
      can be heard, while avoiding discomfort at high levels, a hearing aid with
      automatic gain control (AGC) is required. This paper compares four different
      systems for implementing AGC, and compares each of them with unaided listening
      and with linear amplification. The systems were evaluated by measuring thresholds
      for understanding speech in quiet and in five types of background sound: speech
      shaped noise, 12-talker babble, cafeteria noise, traffic noise and a single
      competing speaker. The first system used a new dual-action AGC (called dual front
      end AGC) operating on the whole speech signal. A slow-acting control voltage
      (recovery time 5 s) held the average level of speech at the output constant,
      regardless of the input level. In response to sudden intense transients, a fast
      acting control voltage (recovery time 150 ms) reduced the gain rapidly and then
      returned the gain to the value set by the slow-acting component. In the second
      system, referred to as the mark II aid, the output of the dual front-end AGC was
      split into two frequency bands, and fast-acting (syllabic) compression was
      applied in the high-frequency band only. The bands were then recombined. The
      third system resembled the mark II aid except that fast-acting compression was
      applied in both bands. The fourth system resembled the 2-channel aid evaluated in
      previous trials (Moore, 1987). It was similar to the third system, but had only
      single-action front-end AGC with a recovery time of 400 ms. Six subjects with
      moderate sensorineural hearing loss accompanied by recruitment were used. Best
      results overall were obtained using the mark II aid. Speech reception thresholds
      (SRTs) in noise were, on average, 4 dB better than for linear amplification and
      2.4 dB lower than for the previous 2-channel aid. There was a significant
      advantage of having fast-acting AGC in the high-frequency band, but no advantage
      of having AGC in the low-frequency band.

PMID- 3390640
TI  - Prisoners and their families.

PMID- 3390639
TI  - Propranolol--the wonder drug for psychiatric disorders?

PMID- 3390641
TI  - Open lung biopsy.
AB  - Open lung biopsy (OLB) provides a safe, reliable method of obtaining a
      histological diagnosis in patients with chronic, stable lung disease. In these
      patients OLB is indicated where other closed methods have failed or as the
      primary diagnostic tool when interstitial lung disease is suspected on
      conventional chest X-ray or from pulmonary function data. In the critically ill
      patient in whom the establishment of a treatable diagnosis is imperative OLB
      provides the highest likelihood of obtaining a diagnosis. This must be weighed
      against the increased risks following OLB in this group of patients by the
      clinician in each case.

PMID- 3390642
TI  - Spontaneous aortocaval fistulas.
AB  - An aortocaval fistula is an uncommon complication of an abdominal aortic aneurysm
      and occurs in approximately 1-3% of cases. Successful surgical intervention is
      dependent upon a preoperative diagnosis and subsequent modification of surgical
      technique. As abdominal aortic aneurysms increase in frequency so will the need
      to recognize this complication and treat it successfully.

PMID- 3390644
TI  - Acute appendicitis due to a calcified appendicular faecolith in a child under 2
      years of age.

PMID- 3390643
TI  - Triple-lumen catheters.
AB  - Triple-lumen intravenous catheters have been available in the UK for 5 years.
      They are very useful for simultaneous monitoring and multiple infusion therapy.
      They are not difficult to insert using standard techniques and their use will
      probably increase. At the moment there are seven products on the British market,
      with a range of lumen sizes, special features and prices.

PMID- 3390646
TI  - Child abuse or ethnic norm?

PMID- 3390645
TI  - The uterine adnexae--policemen of the pelvis.

PMID- 3390647
TI  - Sterilization for mentally handicapped girls.

PMID- 3390648
TI  - Ventricular noradrenaline concentrations in naive and morphine-treated rats
      subjected to acute myocardial ischaemia.
AB  - 1 Ventricular noradrenaline concentrations in morphine-treated rats subjected to
      acute left coronary artery ligation were measured by high performance liquid
      chromatography with electrochemical detection. 2 In naive rats, acute left
      coronary artery ligation induced a significant increase in right ventricular
      noradrenaline concentration at 5 min and significant decreases in left
      ventricular noradrenaline concentration at 3 and 10 min. 3 Acute morphine
      treatment did not significantly alter ventricular noradrenaline concentrations in
      rats subjected to acute coronary artery ligation. 4 Chronic morphine treatment
      caused significant declines in ventricular noradrenaline concentrations in rats
      subjected to acute coronary artery ligation. The reductions increased with
      duration of opiate treatment, and were reversed by opiate withdrawal. 5 These
      findings indicate that there is an increase in sympathetic activity during acute
      myocardial ischaemia. It is suggested that chronic morphine treatment may be able
      to retard this response, and consequently to lessen the occurrence of early
      ventricular arrhythmias resulting from acute myocardial ischaemia.

PMID- 3390649
TI  - Effect of some non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on ouabain-induced
      arrhythmias in guinea-pigs.
AB  - 1. Effects of some non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on ouabain-induced
      arrhythmias in guinea-pigs were studied. 2. Ventricular premature beats,
      ventricular fibrillation and cardiac arrest were induced in pentobarbitone
      anaesthetized guinea-pigs by a slow intravenous infusion of ouabain. 3. Aspirin
      and indomethacin were found to accord a significant protection to the guinea-pigs
      against arrhythmias whereas ketoprofen was found to be ineffective. 4. It is
      concluded that the protective effect of aspirin and indomethacin may be due to
      inhibition of synthesis and release of thromboxane A2 from the myocardium.

PMID- 3390650
TI  - Antagonism of the platelet activating factor-induced rise of the intracellular
      calcium ion concentration of U937 cells.
AB  - 1. U937 cells are a continuous line of human cells of committed monocytic origin
      which serve as a useful model for studying human monocytic function. The present
      study investigated the effect of platelet-activating factor (Paf) on
      intracellular free calcium ion concentration ([Ca2+]i) in U937 cells using the
      calcium fluorescent probe fura-2. 2. The naturally-occurring stereoisomer (R)-Paf
      (0.01-300 nM) and the stable, less hydrolysable racemic Paf analogue PR1501 (10
      nM-3 microM) produced dose-related and rapid elevations of 100-1200 nM [Ca2+]i
      above a basal value of 135 +/- 9 nM (n = 22). 3. The unnatural stereoisomer (S)
      Paf and the natural stereoisomer lyso-(R)-Paf had no effect on basal [Ca2+]i at
      30 microM, approximately 100,000 times the concentration found to be the
      threshold concentration to elicit a response to (R)-Paf. 4. Leukotriene B4 (LTB4)
      also induced increases in [Ca2+]i in the concentration range 28.5 nM-2.85 microM
      but the responses were smaller and of shorter duration than those induced by Paf.
      5. Five compounds, WEB 2086, Ro 19-3704, L-652,731, BN 52021, and CV 3988,
      inhibited suboptimal Paf (10 nM)-induced increase in [Ca2+]i with IC50s of 48 +/-
      2, 118 +/- 33, 318 +/- 131, 340 +/- 205 and 2320 +/- 183 nM respectively. All
      five compounds have previously been reported as specific Paf receptor
      antagonists, at least with respect to platelets. 6. The above compounds at 10
      microM had no effect upon the increased [Ca2+]i induced by either LTB4 or the
      calcium ionophore, ionomycin. 7. These results suggest that U937 cells respond to
      Paf at least with respect to elevated [Ca2+]i as measured by fura-2 and that
      these cells may well possess a Paf receptor as suggested by the action of
      specific antagonists and the stereoselectivity observed with Paf.

PMID- 3390651
TI  - High sensitivity of the Na+, K+-pump of human red blood cells to genins of
      cardiac glycosides.
AB  - 1. Four different cardiac glycosides (ouabain, digitoxin, digoxin and gitoxin)
      and their corresponding genins were tested on Na+, K+-pump fluxes measured under
      steady-state and initial rate conditions (non equilibrium conditions) in human
      and rat erythrocytes and in mouse macrophages. 2. In human red cells, Na+, K+
      pump fluxes exhibited up to 8 fold higher sensitivity to genins than to
      glycosides. In addition genins, but not the corresponding glycosides, exhibited
      double reactivity with regard to the erythrocyte Na+, K+-pump (with the exception
      of gitoxigenin). A weak reactivity component was similar to the one of the
      corresponding glycosides (IC50 of about 10(-6) M) and a high reactivity component
      exhibited IC50 values varying from 0.1 to 0.5 X 10(-6) M for digitoxigenin and
      ouabagenin respectively. 3. In contrast with human red cells, the initial rate of
      Na+, K+-pump fluxes in rat erythrocytes and mouse macrophages was less sensitive
      to genins than to the corresponding cardiac glycosides. 4. Dihydroouabain was 3,
      10 and 75 times less active than ouabain in inhibiting the initial rate of Na+,
      K+-pump fluxes in human and rat erythrocytes and in mouse macrophages
      respectively. 5. In conclusion, Na+, K+-pump fluxes measured under initial rate
      conditions in human erythrocytes exhibit an unusually high sensitivity to genins
      of cardiac glycosides. This property probably results from the fast binding rate
      constants of genins and the slow association rates of glycosides to human red
      cells.

PMID- 3390652
TI  - Regional myocardial ajmaline concentration and antiarrhythmic activity for
      ischaemia- and reperfusion-induced arrhythmias in rats.
AB  - 1. Antiarrhythmic actions of ajmaline against ischaemia (left coronary artery
      occlusion for 15 min) and subsequent reperfusion-induced arrhythmias were
      investigated in anaesthetized rats. 2. Ajmaline (2 mg kg-1, i.v.) was effective
      in suppressing ischaemia-induced arrhythmias whether given pre- or post
      occlusion. 3. Ajmaline diminished the reperfusion-induced arrhythmias completely
      when given pre-occlusion but had little effect when given post-occlusion. 4.
      Reperfusion-induced increases in plasma enzyme activities of lactate
      dehydrogenase, glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase and creatine phosphokinase
      were prevented more effectively when ajmaline was given pre-occlusion rather than
      post-occlusion. 5. Fifteen min post-occlusion, the ajmaline concentrations in the
      ischaemic ventricle were 18.42 +/- 1.66 and 1.18 +/- 0.15 micrograms g-1 for pre-
      and post-occlusion administration, respectively. However, ajmaline concentrations
      in whole blood and normal ventricle were not significantly different between pre-
      and post-occlusion administration. 6. We suggest that the beneficial effect of
      ajmaline against reperfusion-induced arrhythmias is related to the ischaemic
      myocardial concentration of ajmaline which is markedly affected by the time of
      drug administration (i.e. pre- and post-occlusion).

PMID- 3390653
TI  - Quantitative effects of some muscarinic agonists on evoked surface-negative field
      potentials recorded from the guinea-pig olfactory cortex slice.
AB  - 1. The effects of muscarinic receptor agonists on the electrically-evoked surface
      negative field potential (N-wave) were measured in the guinea-pig olfactory
      cortex slice maintained in vitro. 2. Bath-superfusion of (+/-)-muscarine,
      acetylcholine (ACh), carbachol (CCh), or methacholine (MCh) (10-200 microM)
      produced reversible, dose-dependent depressions of the N-wave (ACh and MCh
      effects were observed in the presence of 10 microM neostigmine). The order of
      potencies (based on agonist dose causing 50% field depression: IC50) was: ACh
      greater than or equal to muscarine greater than CCh greater than MCh. All four
      agonists depressed the field potential by 100% at doses greater than 500 microM.
      3. Pilocarpine and bethanechol were weak agonists and only produced measurable
      effects at high doses (1-2 mM). Neither agonist evoked a maximum response at
      doses up to 10 mM. 4. The muscarinic ganglion stimulant, McN-A-343 yielded
      inconsistent results, depressing the field potential in some slices, but having
      no effect in others. Pre-application of a conditioning dose (100 microM) of McN-A
      343 reduced subsequent responses to CCh, suggesting possible partial agonist
      properties. 5. Oxotremorine (up to 100 microM) did not depress the field
      potential, but it reversibly antagonized the effects of CCh. 6. It is concluded
      that reproducible, quantifiable responses to muscarinic agonists can be evoked in
      the olfactory cortex slice. We suggest this preparation may be useful for
      conducting pharmacological studies of 'intact' central muscarinic receptors.

PMID- 3390654
TI  - A quantitative study of the effects of some muscarinic antagonists on the guinea
      pig olfactory cortex slice.
AB  - 1. Muscarinic depression of the electrically-evoked surface-negative field
      potential (N-wave) was measured in guinea-pig olfactory cortex slices maintained
      in vitro. 2. The effects of three muscarinic receptor antagonists, pirenzepine,
      atropine and gallamine on this muscarinic response were analysed in detail. 3.
      Pirenzepine was a potent competitive antagonist of carbachol (CCh)-evoked
      responses. Schild plot analysis yielded a pA2 value of 7.9 (Schild slope
      constrained to unity). A similar analysis for atropine versus CCh responses gave
      a pA2 of 8.9. 4. Combination experiments using pirenzepine and atropine produced
      dose-ratio shifts close to those expected for two antagonists competing for a
      similar receptor site. 5. Gallamine was only a weak antagonist of responses to
      CCh. 6. Oxotremorine behaved as a competitive antagonist at this muscarinic
      receptor (pA2 = 6.1). 7. It is concluded that the presynaptic muscarinic receptor
      mediating depression of the N-wave in the olfactory cortex slice is of the M1
      subtype.

PMID- 3390655
TI  - Comparative protective effects of nicardipine, flunarizine, lidoflazine and
      nimodipine against ischaemic injury in the hippocampus of the Mongolian gerbil.
AB  - 1. Morphological changes characterizing delayed neuronal death (DND) of
      selectively vulnerable CA1 pyramidal cells in the hippocampus of the Mongolian
      gerbil brain occurred 72 h after transient (5 min) bilateral occlusion of the
      common carotid arteries. 2. Different groups of animals were treated 15 min
      before carotid artery occlusion and twice daily during the 72 h post-ischaemia
      period with either saline alone, nicardipine, flunarizine, lidoflazine or
      nimodipine at doses of 500 micrograms kg-1 intraperitoneally. 3. At 72 h the
      animals were killed and their brains examined histologically. Absolute cell
      counts were made from 5 sites distributed linearly throughout the hippocampal CA1
      subfield in each hemisphere to determine the percentage DND in each group. Normal
      brains and those of sham-operated animals were included in the study for
      comparison. 4. Features of DND were distributed evenly throughout the CA1
      subfield in both hemispheres in all groups of gerbils. Nicardipine, lidoflazine
      and flunarizine, but not nimodipine, were protective. This protection extended
      linearly throughout the hippocampus without altering the pattern of neuronal
      damage. 5. Compared to saline-treated (78.3 +/- 2.9% DND) and nimodipine-treated
      (76.5 +/- 3.4% DND) gerbils, the overall protection afforded by nicardipine (41.8
      +/- 3.8% DND) was statistically significant. The effects of lidoflazine (53.6 +/-
      7.1%) and flunarizine (55.8 +/- 3.9% DND) were of borderline significance. 6.
      Abnormal neurones appeared in normal and sham-operated brains to the extent of
      4.5 +/- 1.0% and 4.6 +/- 0.4%, respectively. Such changes can be attributed to
      fixation artefacts. 7. The results demonstrate that overall protection is
      conferred on ischaemic hippocampal CA1 neurones by nicardipine and to a lesser
      extent by flunarizine and lidoflazine, but not by nimodipine.

PMID- 3390656
TI  - The inhibition of sodium influx attenuates airway response to a specific antigen
      challenge.
AB  - 1. We have previously observed that manipulation of Na+ availability during
      passive in vitro sensitization altered electrophysiological and contractile
      changes of airway smooth muscle cells. The purpose of this study was to establish
      whether interference with Na+ influx during sensitization also influences the
      response of airway smooth muscle, both in vivo and in vitro, to a specific
      antigen challenge. 2. Isolated segments of trachea which had been sensitized to
      ovalbumin in the presence of the Na+ channel-blocking agent amiloride (10(-5) M)
      showed no electrical or contractile response to ovalbumin in spite of their
      ability to respond to histamine (10(-5) M). 3. Airway smooth muscle preparations
      sensitized to ovalbumin in a Na+-deficient medium failed to show any contractile
      response after exposure to ovalbumin and only a small depolarization of airway
      smooth muscle cells was detected. 4. Guinea-pigs were passively sensitized in
      vivo either in the absence of, or following pretreatment with, amiloride (1 mg kg
      1 s.c.). These animals were then exposed to an ovalbumin inhalation challenge and
      both lung resistance (RL) and dynamic lung compliance (Cdyn) were measured. 5.
      After an inhalation challenge of sensitized animals, we observed a significant
      increase in lung resistance (RL) achieving a maximum of 489% of the baseline
      values and a decrease in dynamic lung compliance (Cdyn). Twenty min after
      ovalbumin challenge Cdyn was equivalent to 20% of baseline values. 6. In animals
      pretreated with amiloride during sensitization, the inhalation challenge caused
      only a small increase in RL achieving a maximum increase of 148% of baseline
      values, and a small decrease in Cdyn. Twenty min after ovalbumin challenge Cdy.
      was equivalent to 98% of baseline values. 7. We concluded that interference with
      Na' influx during both in vitro and in vivo sensitization attenuates the
      contractile and electrical responses of airway smooth muscle preparations or the
      changes in lung resistance and compliance observed after antigen challenge.

PMID- 3390657
TI  - In vivo pharmacological studies with SK&F 94836, a potent inotrope/vasodilator
      with a sustained duration of action.
AB  - 1. SK&F 94836 (racemate) was studied in vivo for its cardiovascular properties in
      cats and dogs. 2. In anaesthetized cats and dogs SK&F 94836 administered
      intravenously caused increases in left ventricular contractility and decreases in
      peripheral vascular resistance at similar doses, thus demonstrating the compound
      to be a mixed acting positive inotropic/vasodilator agent. 3. In conscious
      instrumented dogs SK&F 94836 was active via the oral as well as intravenous
      route. 4. The inodilator activity of SK&F 94836 in conscious and anaesthetized
      animals occurred in association with minimal changes in either blood pressure or
      heart rate. 5. Detailed studies carried out on anaesthetized cats indicated that
      SK&F 94836 caused a balanced dilatation of both resistance and capacitance blood
      vessels. 6. Haemodynamic studies in anaesthetized cats indicated that as a
      consequence of the inotropic/vasodilator actions, SK&F 94836 caused significant
      increases in cardiac output and stroke volume. 7. Detailed studies in
      anaesthetized dogs indicated that significant inodilator activity occurred in the
      absence of an increase in myocardial oxygen consumption. 8. The duration of
      action of SK&F 94836 was sustained following both i.v. and oral administration.
      9. We conclude that SK&F 94836, as an orally active inotropic/vasodilator agent
      with a sustained duration in vivo, has potential utility in the treatment of
      congestive heart failure.

PMID- 3390659
TI  - The epithelium and the pharmacology of guinea-pig tracheal tone in vitro.
AB  - 1. Epithelium removal did not influence the development of spontaneous tone in
      guinea-pig tracheal smooth muscle mounted as open ring preparations with two
      adjoining cartilaginous rings in vitro. 2. Epithelium removal did not change the
      potency of carbachol but tended to reduce the maximal contraction. In the
      presence of epithelium the EC50 of carbachol was not different in tracheal open
      ring compared with intact tube preparations (comprising four cartilaginous
      rings), suggesting that the size of continuous epithelium in vitro was not
      critical for the potency of carbachol. 3. Substance P produced the same response
      in intact and rubbed tracheae. The enkephalinase inhibitor thiorphan (0.1 mM) by
      itself contracted the trachea and appeared to potentiate the substance P response
      five times more in the absence than in the presence of epithelium. Capsaicin (1
      microM)-induced contractions did not differ between intact and rubbed
      preparations. 4. Arachidonic acid, 22 microM, variably produced small relaxations
      and contractions in intact as well as in rubbed tracheae. The mean effects of
      arachidonic acid were not significantly altered by epithelium removal. 5.
      Adenosine produced small contractions and dose-dependent relaxations in the
      presence and absence of epithelium. 6. Epithelium removal had no effect on the
      potency of the relaxant agonists theophylline and enprofylline. The isoprenaline
      curve was shifted 2 fold to the left and the terbutaline curve 1.5 fold to the
      right. The maximal relaxations were generally reduced in epithelium-free tissue.
      The reduction reached statistical significance with theophylline. 7. The present
      results suggest that epithelium removal is of little consequence for the
      pharmacology of the guinea-pig tracheal open ring preparation in vitro.

PMID- 3390658
TI  - Comparative uptake, retention and action of vincristine, vinblastine and
      vindesine on murine leukaemic lymphoblasts sensitive and resistant to
      vincristine.
AB  - 1. The uptake and retention of vincristine (VCR), vinblastine (VBL) and vindesine
      (VDS) were evaluated comparatively with respect to their cytotoxic action on a
      murine lymphoblastic leukaemia (L5178Y). 2. The same parameters were measured on
      a derived subline of cells resistant to VCR (L5178Y/r) in order to determine
      whether the different degree of resistance to each alkaloid correlates with the
      amount of drug associated with the cells. 3. VCR was the most active on L5178Y
      cells (IC50 = 5.8 x 10(-9) M) while the activity of VBL and that of VDS were
      similar (IC50 4.4 x 10(-8) M and 3.5 x 10(-8) M, respectively). Nevertheless, a
      considerably larger amount of VBL was taken up by the cells compared to VDS,
      although there were no significant differences in their cytotoxic action. 4. The
      VCR resistant cell line also expressed resistance to VDS, whose IC50 was
      increased by a factor of 11.4, but not to VBL. However, the uptake and retention
      of the three alkaloids were similarly reduced in L5178Y/r cells regardless of the
      degree of resistance expressed. 5. Although a decreased drug uptake and/or
      retention by the cells provides an explanation for the resistance to vinca
      alkaloids, they do not seem to be the only factors accounting for the resistance
      shown by the cell line which we have isolated. 6. The results seem to indicate
      that part of the VBL taken up by the cells is not used to induce the cytotoxic
      effect, but is diverted to some cellular compartment(s) or rate controlling
      process(es) which are different from the target that mediates its cytotoxic
      action.

PMID- 3390661
TI  - Indomethacin potentiates endotoxin-induced blood flow reduction and histological
      injury in rat gastric mucosa.
AB  - 1. The effect of the intravenous administration of lipopolysaccharide from
      Salmonella typhosa endotoxin on arterial blood pressure (BP), gastric mucosal
      blood flow (GMBF) and gastric damage was studied in anaesthetized rats. The
      effect of the inhibition of endogenous prostaglandin generation by indomethacin
      on these parameters was also investigated in this model of endotoxin shock. 2. A
      similar and dose-dependent percentage of reduction in BP and GMBF was observed 5
      min after a bolus injection of 20 or 30 mg kg-1 endotoxin. A transient recovery
      in GMBF at 15 min was observed followed by a second fall at 30 min, at a time
      when BP was slowly increasing. 3. Pretreatment with indomethacin (5 mg kg-1,
      s.c.) one hour before the administration of 30 mg kg-1 endotoxin, significantly
      augmented the reduction in GMBF without affecting the reduction in BP. 4. The
      gastric damage, assessed histologically, was similar and confined to the
      superficial mucosa 30 min after the administration of 20 or 30 mg kg-1 endotoxin.
      The histologically-assessed damage was significantly greater in indomethacin
      pretreated rats injected with 30 mg kg-1 endotoxin. 5. These findings suggest
      that endogenous prostaglandin generation plays a protective role in endotoxin
      induced gastric mucosal microcirculatory disturbances and mucosal damage.

PMID- 3390660
TI  - Aging and cholinergic responses in bovine trachealis muscle.
AB  - 1. The relative potencies of muscarinic agonists on bovine tracheal smooth muscle
      were unchanged as a consequence of aging and were carbachol greater than
      oxotremorine greater than muscarine greater than pilocarpine greater than McNeil
      A-343. 2. During aging, the potencies of carbachol, oxotremorine, McNeil A-343
      and pilocarpine, but not muscarine, were reduced. 3. Maximal induced tensions to
      all the agents studied were reduced as a consequence of age. 4. Irreversible
      antagonism with benzilylcholine mustard showed that agonist efficacy was
      significantly reduced during aging. 5. Estimated receptor occupancy at the EC50
      was significantly greater in tracheal tissues from the mature versus immature
      cows for every agonist studied. 6. The dissociation constants for full agonists
      (carbachol, oxotremorine and methacholine) were decreased with maturation while
      the converse was observed with partial agonists (McNeil A-343, pilocarpine). 7.
      We conclude that there are significant changes in the properties and coupling of
      muscarinic receptors during aging. These changes may contribute to the reduced
      airway reactivity seen in vivo.

PMID- 3390662
TI  - Effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on rat gastric mucosal
      leukotriene C4 and prostanoid release: relation to ethanol-induced injury.
AB  - 1. The effects of oral and subcutaneous administration of the non-steroidal anti
      inflammatory drugs sodium salicylate, aspirin and indomethacin on ex vivo gastric
      mucosal release of leukotriene C4 (LTC4) prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), 6-oxo-PGF1
      alpha and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) were investigated in rats under basal conditions
      as well as after challenge with ethanol. 2. Basal release of PGE2, 6-oxo-PGF1
      alpha and TXB2 was inhibited by oral administration of aspirin (0.6-400 mgkg-1)
      and indomethacin (4 or 20 mgkg-1), but not by sodium salicylate (up to 400 mgkg
      1), in a dose-dependent manner. Oral administration of aspirin in the dose range
      3.2-400 mgkg-1 and of indomethacin (20 mgkg-1) additionally inhibited release of
      LTC4, while sodium salicylate (up to 400 mgkg-1) had no effect. Indomethacin (20
      mgkg-1) and aspirin (400 mgkg-1) administered subcutaneously inhibited generation
      of cyclo-oxygenase products of arachidonate metabolism, but did not significantly
      affect LTC4 synthesis. 3. Oral instillation of ethanol caused gastric mucosal
      damage and simultaneously induced a selective increase in the ex vivo release of
      LTC4 from rat gastric mucosa, while release of cyclo-oxygenase products of
      arachidonate metabolism was not significantly affected. Oral pretreatment of rats
      with sodium salicylate protected the gastric mucosa and simultaneously inhibited
      the ethanol-stimulated gastric mucosal LTC4 release in a dose-dependent manner.
      Sodium salicylate had no effects on the release of PGE2 and TXB2, while that of 6
      oxo-PGF1 alpha was slightly increased. 4. Pretreatment with indomethacin (4 or
      20mg kg- p.o.) or aspirin in doses up to 25mg kg-1 p.o. prior to oral
      instillation of ethanol did not inhibit gastric mucosal damage and had no effect
      on the stimulatory action of ethanol on LTC4 release. Higher doses of aspirin
      (100mgkg-1 or 400mgkg-1 p.o.) reduced the mucosal damaging effect of ethanol and
      simultaneously inhibited LTC4 release. 5. The results suggest that aspirin and
      indomethacin in concentrations higher than those necessary to inhibit the cyclo
      oxygenase pathway of arachidonate metabolism additionally inhibit gastric mucosal
      LTC4 synthesis under basal conditions, while sodium salicylate has no such
      effect. On the other hand, sodium salicylate, but not indomethacin or low doses
      of aspirin (up to 25mg kg 1), by an unknown mechanism inhibits stimulation of
      LTC4 biosynthesis by ethanol and simultaneously protects the gastric mucosa
      against ethanol-induced damage. Similar effects of high oral doses (> 100mgkg- 1)
      of aspirin might be due to significant formation of salicylate. These results
      suggest that there is a causal relationship between enhanced LTC4 biosynthesis
      and the development of ethanol-induced gastric injury.

PMID- 3390664
TI  - The mammographic cancer.

PMID- 3390665
TI  - The portal vein and colorectal cancer.

PMID- 3390666
TI  - Assessment of injection sclerotherapy in the management of 152 children with
      oesophageal varices.
AB  - A total of 152 consecutive children with oesophageal varices have been
      endoscopically reviewed since 1979. In all, 108 of these children presented with
      variceal bleeding which was managed by injection sclerotherapy. Variceal
      obliteration was achieved in 33 (92 per cent) children with extrahepatic portal
      hypertension and 54 (75 per cent) with intrahepatic portal hypertension.
      Prophylactic injection sclerotherapy was used to obliterate large varices in 11
      children with no history of haemorrhage. Bleeding episodes occurred in 38 (39 per
      cent) children before variceal obliteration was complete. However, the mortality
      rate from variceal bleeding was only 1 per cent. Complications were oesophageal
      ulceration (29 per cent) and stricture (16 per cent) which both resolved with
      conservative management. During a mean follow-up period of 2.9 years after
      sclerotherapy, recurrent oesophageal or gastric varices developed in 12 (12 per
      cent) cases, with rebleeding in 9 (9 per cent), but all responded successfully to
      a second course of treatment. These results are superior to contemporary surgical
      management and injection sclerotherapy should therefore currently be the primary
      treatment of choice for bleeding oesophageal varices in children.

PMID- 3390667
TI  - New sump suction appliance for drainage of enterocutaneous fistulae.

PMID- 3390668
TI  - Surgical treatment of colostomy complications.
AB  - One hundred and twenty-three patients (M:F, 0.9:1; mean age 62 years) underwent
      156 operations between 1954 and 1984 for correction of late colostomy
      complications (stenosis 65 patients, prolapse 16 patients, paracolostomy hernia
      42 patients). Sixty-three per cent of patients eventually had a good result but
      in some up to 5 operations were necessary. Local excision of scar tissue at the
      mucocutaneous junction was associated with a 61 per cent (43/71) success rate for
      relief of colostomy stenosis. Where local fixation failed to prevent recurrent
      colostomy prolapse (13/20, 65 per cent of local fixation operations), colectomy
      and ileostomy was the most effective second procedure (2/3, 67 per cent success
      rate). Where local repair of a paracolostomy hernia failed (15/32, 47 per cent of
      local operations), resiting of the stoma to the umbilicus or right side of the
      abdomen produced better results (3/7, 43 per cent success rate) than resiting to
      another trephine on the left side of the abdomen (2/14, 14 per cent success
      rate).

PMID- 3390663
TI  - Effect of glucocorticoids, monokines and growth factors on the spontaneously
      developing responses of the rabbit isolated aorta to des-Arg9-bradykinin.
AB  - 1. The mechanisms modulating the spontaneous induction of contractile responses
      to agonists of the B1-receptors for kinins have been studied by submitting the
      rabbit isolated aorta preparation to various in vitro treatments. Des-Arg9
      bradykinin (Des-Arg9-BK), applied after 6 h of in vitro incubation was the
      standard stimulus to monitor this up-regulation process. 2. Specific inhibition
      of the development of the contractile response to des-Arg9-BK was obtained by
      exposing tissues continuously to dexamethasone, dexamethasone sodium phosphate
      (DSP) or cortisol, but not to oestradiol. The maximal extent of the inhibition
      obtained at high concentrations of glucocorticoids was 86%. 3. No gross
      inhibition of protein synthesis was observed in the presence of DSP as monitored
      by [35S]-methionine incorporation into incubated pieces of rabbit aorta. 4. In
      vivo pretreatment of rabbits with DSP did not reduce further the development of
      the responses in vitro. DSP applied 15 min before the 6 h recording did not
      antagonize the contractile effect of the BK fragment. 5. Interleukin 1 (IL-1) and
      interleukin 2 (IL-2) applied in vitro for the first 3 h of incubation increased
      the development of the contractile response to des-Arg9-BK. 6. Arachidonic acid
      (AA), nordihydroguaiaretic acid, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) and
      transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) failed to influence the spontaneous
      development of the response to kinins. 7. Continuous exposure to DSP (100 microM)
      markedly inhibited the action of stimulants in this system: IL-1, IL-2, epidermal
      growth factor and muramyl dipeptide. Moreover, the presence of AA (30 microM) did
      not prevent the inhibitory effect of DSP (100 microM). 8. None of the treatments
      applied singly or in combination modified the contractile response of the rabbit
      aorta to noradrenaline. 9. The results are discussed in terms of the possible
      involvement of immunocompetent cells in the up-regulation of vascular
      responsiveness to B, receptor agonists.

PMID- 3390669
TI  - Prognosis of colorectal cancer in the elderly.
AB  - The prognosis of colorectal cancer in the elderly was examined in a study of 306
      consecutive patients. The patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 included
      171 patients of average age 77 years (range 70-97); Group 2 comprised 135
      patients of average age 59 years (range 22-69). There was no significant
      difference between the two groups with regard to the mode of presentation, the
      location and Duke's classification of the tumours, the incidence of palliative
      operations, and the perioperative mortality. The surgical mortality rates in
      Group 1 were 6 per cent overall, 4 per cent after elective operations, and 16 per
      cent after emergency surgery; the corresponding mortality rates for Group 2 were
      3 per cent, 1 per cent, and 20 per cent. Emergency surgery was associated with a
      significantly higher incidence of perioperative death at any age (P less than
      0.001) and most deaths resulted from complications of coexisting medical
      disorders or thrombo-embolic complications. Crude actuarial 5-year survival
      curves showed an increased death rate in Group 1 after 18 months and a
      significantly lower 5-year survival (P less than 0.05) but the age-corrected
      survival curves for the two groups were not significantly different, and it was
      concluded that the prognosis for colorectal cancer in the elderly is not
      significantly different from that of younger patients.

PMID- 3390671
TI  - Rigid sigmoidoscopy: an evaluation of three parameters regarding diagnostic
      accuracy.
AB  - Rigid sigmoidoscopy is the method employed for examining the rectum and sigmoid
      colon in most general surgical clinics. Commonly, this is performed without any
      prior preparation of the bowel and with the patient in the left lateral (Sims')
      position. This study was designed to assess three factors relating to this
      method: preparation of the bowel; position of the patient; and the experience of
      the operator. The study shows that diagnostic accuracy without preparation is
      adequate in only 50 per cent of cases but, by employing a preliminary disposable
      (Fletcher's) enema, this can be improved to 80 per cent. Employing the knee-elbow
      position gave only slight advantage over the usual Sims' position and operator
      experience did not improve diagnostic accuracy once familiarity with the use of
      the sigmoidoscope had been achieved. The study underlines the importance of
      preparation as an essential prelude to sigmoidoscopy.

PMID- 3390670
TI  - Outcome of patients with rectal cancer treated by stapled anterior resection.
AB  - The mortality, morbidity and long-term survival in stapled anterior resection for
      rectal carcinoma has been analysed in 74 patients. Twelve patients were Dukes' A,
      26 B, 29 C, and 7 'D' (submitted to hepatic resection). Operative mortality rate
      was 3 per cent. Three patients (4 per cent) had clinical anastomotic leakage. Two
      patients (3 per cent) developed anastomotic stenosis. Local recurrence was
      present in three patients (4 per cent). The mean (+/- s.e.m.) overall survival
      rate at 5 years was 67 +/- 6 per cent. There was no significant difference in
      survival between Dukes' B and C (70 +/- 10 per cent versus 59 +/- 10 per cent, P
      = 0.209). Patients with absent local spread had a significantly better 5-year
      survival rate than those with positive local lymph nodes (80 +/- 7 per cent
      versus 54 +/- 9 per cent, P less than 0.01). The present results confirm the
      satisfactory use of the EEA stapler device for colorectal anastomoses in rectal
      cancer and in patients with resectable liver metastasis.

PMID- 3390672
TI  - Results of excision of a cervical rib in patients with the thoracic outlet
      syndrome.
AB  - Excision of a cervical rib in patients with the thoracic outlet syndrome has been
      the subject of debate. One surgeon's experience of 23 cervical rib excisions is
      presented. Ten operations produced a complete cure, eleven improvement, and two
      no change in the patient's condition. Of 15 cases with neurological symptoms
      alone, 9 were cured, 5 improved and 1 was not helped; in contrast, of 8 patients
      with vascular symptoms, 1 was cured, 6 were improved and 1 was not helped. We
      conclude that cervical rib resection is the correct treatment for patients whose
      symptoms are predominantly neurological. Rib resection alone may not be
      sufficient in patients with vascular symptoms. The management of a cervical rib
      with vascular involvement is discussed.

PMID- 3390673
TI  - Inflow site: its effect on femoropopliteal and distal graft patency.
AB  - In a series of 245 vein grafts, results of 163 from the common femoral artery
      were compared with 82 from the proximal superficial femoral artery. Groups were
      comparable for risk factors, except that significantly more of the superficial
      femoral artery group were anastomosed to a single calf vessel (P less than 0.02).
      Early technical failure was similar in both groups (14 per cent common femoral
      artery, 12 per cent superficial femoral artery, P = n.s.). Cumulative life table
      patency rates at 1 and 3 years were 77 per cent and 72 per cent in common femoral
      artery grafts, and 80 per cent and 70 per cent in superficial femoral artery
      grafts (P = n.s.). Analysis of 92 veins in situ (65 common femoral artery and 27
      superficial femoral artery) showed 1-year patency rates of 75 per cent in common
      femoral artery grafts and 79 per cent in superficial femoral artery grafts (P =
      n.s.). These results suggest that the proximal superficial femoral artery is a
      safe inflow site for distal bypasses.

PMID- 3390674
TI  - Calf pump function in patients with healed venous ulcers is not improved by
      surgery to the communicating veins or by elastic stockings.
AB  - Calf muscle pump function was assessed in 41 limbs after venous ulcers had
      healed. Treatment was then randomized either to ligation of incompetent lower leg
      communicating veins and ablation of incompetent superficial veins combined with
      permanent graduated compression elastic stockings, or to graduated compression
      elastic stockings only. Half volume refilling time (TV1/2) and relative expelled
      volume (EVrel) measured on foot volume plethysmography were used to assess calf
      muscle pump function. This was repeated after 12 months. The initial TV1/2 and
      EVrel were significantly lower than for normal limbs. There was no significant
      improvement in TV1/2 in either treatment group (Student's t test, P = 0.78, P =
      0.19). EVrel did not improve significantly in limbs treated with elastic
      stockings alone (P = 0.94), but there was a slight but significant improvement in
      EVrel in limbs treated with surgery and elastic stockings (P = 0.048); however,
      this was still significantly below the normal range (P less than 0.001). In limbs
      without phlebographic evidence of post-thrombotic changes, treated with the
      combination of surgery and elastic stockings, there was a significant improvement
      in EVrel (P = 0.035), but no improvement was found in limbs with post-thrombotic
      changes. This small but significant improvement in EVrel in limbs without post
      thrombotic changes treated by surgery and elastic stockings may explain the
      reduced incidence of reulceration that has been found following surgical
      eradication of the superficial and communicating veins.

PMID- 3390675
TI  - Incidence of deep vein thrombosis after major abdominal surgery in Brisbane.
AB  - There is some evidence that postoperative deep vein thrombosis (DVT) may be
      commoner in cool than in warm climates. To determine whether this complication is
      less common in the subtropical climate of Brisbane than in more temperate
      locations, the incidence of DVT after major abdominal surgery was assessed by
      125I fibrinogen scanning. In order to avoid overestimating the incidence of DVT,
      abnormal scans were accepted as diagnostic only if the DVT was confirmed by
      venography or if the abnormality on the scan fulfilled more stringent criteria
      than have previously been applied. Thirty-six of 152 patients (24 per cent)
      developed a DVT; this incidence was significantly lower than in one previous
      study from Melbourne and higher than that found in South-East Asia and East
      Africa, but was not significantly different from that reported from Sydney, Japan
      and several centres in North America and Britain. There was no apparent seasonal
      variation in the incidence of the complication. The geographical variation in
      incidence of postoperative DVT may have been overestimated in previous reports
      and may be at least partly due to variations in screening technique.

PMID- 3390676
TI  - Role of duodenal bile crystal analysis in the investigation of 'idiopathic'
      pancreatitis.
AB  - Duodenal bile crystal analysis for the detection of gallstones was assessed in 26
      patients with acute pancreatitis of known aetiology (11 attributable to
      gallstones and 15 to alcohol) and in 37 patients without a history of acute
      pancreatitis (21 with gallstones and 16 without). The sensitivity was 64-67 per
      cent and the specificity was 94-100 per cent in these groups. Analysis of
      duodenal bile from 14 patients with 'idiopathic' pancreatitis revealed calcium
      bilirubinate crystals (but not cholesterol crystals) in 5 patients (36 per cent).
      Gallstones were confirmed at cholecystectomy in three of these patients and also
      in one other patient who had a gallstone on a 'late' ultrasound examination but
      was negative for crystals. Thus 29 per cent of the original 'idiopathic' group
      had gallstones confirmed. Gallstone analysis showed that pigment stones were
      present in 7 of 31 (23 per cent) non-pancreatitis controls compared with 9 of 13
      (69 per cent) pancreatitis patients (P = 0.0048). These results suggest that
      duodenal bile crystal analysis (involving both calcium bilirubinate and
      cholesterol crystals) may be a useful technique for the investigation of patients
      with 'idiopathic' pancreatitis.

PMID- 3390677
TI  - Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction: results of treatment by endoscopic sphincterotomy.
AB  - From a consecutive series of 451 patients with post-cholecystectomy symptoms
      referred for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), 40 (9 per
      cent) were diagnosed as having sphincter of Oddi dysfunction. Eight patients were
      excluded from the study because of incomplete data (n = 6) or additional
      diagnoses (n = 2). Thirty of the patients had successful ERCP and endoscopic
      sphincterotomy (ES); this failed in the remaining two because of severe papillary
      stenosis (6.3 per cent). Endoscopic biliary manometry was performed in 23
      patients (77 per cent). Immediate post-ES complications occurred in eight
      patients (25 per cent). At a median follow-up of 46 months (range 10-88 months)
      19 patients had a good outcome (63.3 per cent) and 11 patients had a poor outcome
      (36.7 per cent). Patients with a good outcome tended to have a delay of months or
      years following cholecystectomy before the development of symptoms (median 6
      years versus 0 years, P = 0.0003). At ERCP, patients with a good outcome had
      greater common bile duct diameters (mean +/- s.d. mm, 12.6 +/- 3.6 versus 8.8 +/-
      1.8, P = 0.0003) and delayed drainage from the biliary tree of injected contrast
      (13 versus 2 patients, P = 0.02). Endoscopic biliary manometry was abnormal in
      all 15 patients with a good outcome in whom it was performed but in only 3 out of
      8 patients with a poor outcome (P = 0.003). Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction is an
      important, albeit uncommon, cause of post-cholecystectomy symptoms. ES provides
      symptomatic relief in the majority of patients but improved criteria for
      predicting outcome are required.

PMID- 3390678
TI  - Comparison of three Glasgow multifactor prognostic scoring systems in acute
      pancreatitis.
AB  - Modifications have been proposed in an attempt to improve the clinical value of
      the original nine-factor Glasgow prognostic scoring system for acute
      pancreatitis. These include the omission of age or serum transaminase, reducing
      the factors to eight. Debate exists as to which system should be employed.
      Assessment of the individual factors in 198 attacks of acute pancreatitis treated
      conventionally revealed that only serum transaminase did not differ significantly
      between mild and severe outcome groups. Multivariate analysis demonstrated four
      factors (Pa,O2, white cell count, lactic dehydrogenase, and urea) with
      independent significance in predicting severity, while serum glucose, albumin and
      transaminase were least useful. Findings were similar when considering only
      patients with gallstone aetiology. The reduction of the prognostic factors to
      eight by the omission of either age or transaminase improved the predictive value
      of the scoring system, both when considering all attacks and those of gallstone
      aetiology alone. We suggest that serum transaminase should be omitted because: it
      shows no significant difference between mild and severe outcome groups, while age
      has prognostic significance; the system has greater sensitivity than if age is
      omitted; and the number of factors requiring emergency laboratory measurement for
      immediate prognostication is reduced by one.

PMID- 3390679
TI  - Influence of age on the mortality from acute pancreatitis.
AB  - The influence of age on the mortality rate of 268 patients with acute
      pancreatitis was studied. The hospital mortality rate for patients aged below 50
      years was 5.9 per cent. The figure increased to 21.3 per cent in patients aged
      over 75; the high mortality was accounted for by a higher incidence of deaths
      related to concomitant medical or surgical diseases in the same hospital
      admission rather than to complications resulting directly from the pathological
      process of acute pancreatitis. When only deaths due to complications of acute
      pancreatitis were analysed, the mortality rate was not significantly different
      between the young and elderly groups. Moreover, the complication rate and the
      proportion of patients having severe disease (judged by the number of prognostic
      signs) were not higher in the elderly. Thus acute pancreatitis was intrinsically
      not more serious were it not for the presence of concomitant diseases with
      advanced age.

PMID- 3390680
TI  - Salvage of blocked hepatic artery infusion catheters for regional therapy of
      metastatic liver disease.

PMID- 3390681
TI  - Surgical management of chronic pancreatitis: long-term results in 141 patients.
AB  - The management of pancreatic pain is a controversial subject and the treatment
      recommended varies from one extreme to the other. Some authorities advise simply
      waiting for chronic pancreatitis to 'burn out', while others practise removal of
      the entire gland. In this paper we present 141 patients who underwent surgery for
      chronic pancreatitis at the Mayo Clinic. The main indication for operation was
      pancreatic pain and the choice of operation was based on anatomical abnormalities
      in the gland. The long-term results of the policy are reviewed (mean follow-up
      8.5 years). Length of history, aetiology of disease, pancreatic dysfunction and
      pathology, time after operation and continued alcohol abuse were computer
      analysed for a statistically significant influence on pain relief, ability to
      work, pancreatic function and survival. There was one operative death (mortality
      rate 0.7 per cent). Continued drinking was not shown to affect postoperative pain
      relief but 10-year survival was significantly less in alcoholics than in those
      with non-alcoholic pancreatitis (P less than 0.02). Dilated ducts and duct
      calculi were associated with good results for pain relief although this
      association did not achieve statistical significance. Parenchymal calcification
      and time after operation did not influence the results of surgery. When the
      operation failed to relieve pain, spontaneous remission occurred in a few cases
      only. Seventy-seven per cent of patients had lasting relief of pain and
      operations selected on the basis of gross pathology were equally effective in
      relieving pain. Longitudinal pancreaticojejunostomy in those with dilated ducts
      and a Whipple operation for disease of the pancreatic head gave good
      results.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3390682
TI  - Effect of drainage on subhepatic collections and respiratory function after
      elective cholecystectomy.

PMID- 3390683
TI  - Food intake and nutritional status after total gastrectomy: results of a
      nutritional follow-up.
AB  - We studied dietary intake and nutritional status of 23 patients for 6 months
      after total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y reconstruction. At discharge, patients
      were instructed to keep to recommended dietary allowances (RDA) and to record
      food intake on a specific form twice weekly. Nutritional follow-up was performed
      monthly and consisted of a computerized determination of food intake and of a
      nutritional assessment. The average daily energy intake was 6.10 MJ (1457.9 kcal)
      in the first postoperative month and 8.87 MJ (2118.4 kcal) in the sixth (P less
      than 0.0005). In the first monthly follow-up no patient reached RDA. By the sixth
      month mean daily calorie intake was greater than or equal to RDA in 14 patients
      (group A), while 9 patients (group B) did not reach RDA. A significant increase
      in body weight, serum albumin, total iron binding capacity and arm muscular
      circumference was observed in group A, while a significant decrease in body
      weight and arm muscular circumference was noted in group B. Moreover, of the
      seven patients who showed weight loss at 6 months only one was group A. These
      data indicate that malnutrition is not an inevitable consequence of total
      gastrectomy and can be prevented by an adequate calorie intake. A close
      relationship between dietary intake and postoperative nutritional parameters was
      observed. In gastrectomized patients a strict nutritional follow-up is very
      important to obtain an adequate dietary intake.

PMID- 3390684
TI  - Appraisal of a tissue glue in the treatment of persistent perineal sinus.

PMID- 3390685
TI  - Experience with pancreatic banding: results of a simple technique for dealing
      with the pancreatic remnant after distal partial pancreatectomy.

PMID- 3390686
TI  - Partial splenectomy for splenic cysts.

PMID- 3390687
TI  - Gastrostomy-induced duodenal obstruction after gastric bypass.

PMID- 3390688
TI  - Intestinal Kaposi's without AIDS.

PMID- 3390689
TI  - Gluteal artery aneurysms.

PMID- 3390690
TI  - Laser induced intravascular coagulation for the treatment of acute peptic ulcer
      bleeding.

PMID- 3390691
TI  - Subclavian vascular injuries.

PMID- 3390692
TI  - Slow changes in the flexion reflex of the rat following arthritis or tenotomy.
AB  - (1) The flexor reflex was measured in control decerebrate spinal rats by
      recording the motor axon activity in the nerve to biceps femoris evoked by a
      pressure stimulus to the hindpaw. A brief (1 Hz, 20 s) conditioning stimulus to
      peripheral nerves with sufficient strength to activate C fibres results in a
      prolonged increase in this flexor reflex. If the conditioning stimulus is applied
      to a cutaneous nerve, the sural, the facilitation lasts 5 (5.0 +/- 1.6, n = 28)
      min. However, if the same conditioning stimulus is applied to the muscle nerve to
      gastrocnemius, the facilitation lasts up to an hour (54.0 +/- 8.3 min, n = 16).
      (2) Ankle joint urate arthritis was induced by the injection of 1.25 mg sodium
      urate crystals into one ankle joint. Two hours after the injection, conditioning
      of the flexor reflex by brief stimulation of the sural or gastrocnemius nerves
      produced the same effect as in control animals. However, 24 h after the
      injection, sural nerve conditioning produced the same effect on the flexor reflex
      as in controls but gastrocnemius nerve conditioning produced only 8 min (8.3 +/-
      1.6, n = 8) of facilitation instead of the expected 54 min. (3) The decreased
      ability of the muscle nerve to produce prolonged facilitation was not dependent
      on a saturation of the flexor reflex since the reflex could still be enhanced
      briefly by the conditioning stimuli. It was also not dependent on a continuous
      input from the arthritic ankle since the decrease is still apparent when the
      ankle has been denervated 24 h after the beginning of the arthritis.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3390693
TI  - Visualization of migration of transplanted astrocytes using polystyrene
      microspheres.
AB  - Fluorescent polystyrene microspheres have been used to mark rat astrocytes for
      transplantation. Highly fluorescent cells were generated by incorporation of
      microspheres over periods of the order of 10 h. Microspheres ranging in average
      diameter from 50 to 200 nm and derivatized with either rhodamine or fluorescein
      have been used to label cells. There were no apparent cytotoxic effects of
      microsphere incorporation. Loaded astrocytes retained their complement of
      microspheres over periods of at least several weeks. The microspheres could be
      visualized in the transmission electron microscope. They were most likely
      phagocytosed by a coated-pit mechanism and accumulated in various types of
      lysosomal vesicles. Labelled astrocytes from neonatal PVG rats were implanted
      stereotaxically (as a plasma clot) into hippocampi of recipient syngeneic adult
      rats. Donor cells migrated from transplant to host over about 7 days. Transplant
      cells tended to be close to blood vessels over this period. Their location in
      paravascular spaces was determined from observation of microsphere-bearing cells
      in electron microscopy. Microsphere-loading of astrocytes is a simple method for
      marking cells for extended periods of time for transplantation which allows
      direct identification of marked cells with both fluorescence and electron
      microscopes.

PMID- 3390694
TI  - The effects of external calcium on long-term potentiation in the rat hippocampal
      slice.
AB  - Extracellular excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) were recorded from the
      stratum radiatum of CA1 of the rat hippocampal slice. The effect of altering the
      external Ca concentration was studied on the amplitude of the low frequency
      evoked EPSP preceding and following the production of long-term potentiation
      (LTP). The double logarithmic plot of the relationship between the EPSP amplitude
      and external Ca had a maximum slope of 2.1, implying Ca cooperativity in
      transmitter release. The production of LTP did not alter the slope. The amplitude
      of LTP was found to be highly dependent on the external Ca concentration, with
      LTP increasing from a 5% increase in the EPSP amplitude in 0.8 mM Ca, to a 65%
      increase in the EPSP amplitude in 2.0 mM Ca.

PMID- 3390695
TI  - Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) immunoreactivity in the rat retina: a
      radioimmunoassay, immunohistochemical and chromatographic study.
AB  - Using radioimmunoassay, reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography (rp
      HPLC) and immunohistochemistry, we have identified gastrin releasing peptide
      immunoreactivity (GRP-IR) in the rat retina. The concentration of GRP-IR in
      retinal extracts was 7.4 +/- 0.6 ng/g wet wt. (mean +/- S.E.M. n = 15). There was
      no significant difference between the levels of immunoreactivity in 12-h light
      and 12-h dark adapted retinae. rp HPLC analysis of retinal extracts demonstrated
      that two main immunoreactive components were present which corresponded in
      retention time to GRP10 (neuromedin C) and GRP14 (GRP14-27). A small amount of
      material also co-eluted with GRP27. Using immunohistochemistry, the
      immunoreactivity has been localised in the inner retinal layers. Immunoreactive
      somata were present in the proximal inner nuclear layer and in the ganglion cell
      layer. Fibre staining was present in laminae 2 and 4 of the inner plexiform
      layer. Somatal staining was increased by pretreatment of retinae with vincristine
      while the laminar staining was markedly reduced. These results demonstrate the
      existence of GRP-like peptides in the rat retina which has not previously been
      reported.

PMID- 3390696
TI  - The dorsal raphe nucleus: a re-evaluation of its proposed role in opiate
      analgesia systems.
AB  - Previous studies have concluded that (a) electrical stimulation in the
      periaqueductal gray/dorsal raphe nucleus (PAG/DRN) region specifically produces
      either non-opiate or opiate forms of antinociception dependent upon the
      dorsoventral level of stimulation and (b) the 'opiate' form of stimulation
      produced analgesia (SPA) arising from the ventral PAG/DRN region shows cross
      tolerance with opiate forms of footshock analgesia, implying common neural
      substrates. This latter conclusion in turn implies that SPA elicited from the
      ventral PAG/DRN region would be expected to be antagonized by scopolamine, since
      this muscarinic cholinergic antagonist blocks opiate footshock analgesia. The
      present study demonstrates instead that neither 10 mg/kg naloxone nor 10 mg/kg
      scopolamine had any effect on SPA elicited from sites histologically verified to
      lie within the presumptive 'opiate' ventral PAG/DRN region. These data bring into
      question both the site specificity of opiate SPA and the common mediation of
      ventral PAG/DRN SPA and opiate forms of footshock analgesia.

PMID- 3390697
TI  - Circadian oscillations of DNA synthesis in rat brain.
AB  - The possibility that the synthesis of brain DNA undergoes a circadian fluctuation
      was examined in male adult Wistar rats, kept under natural lighting conditions or
      born and raised under artificial lighting conditions. Groups of rats were taken
      every 4 h during the 24 h, injected subcutaneously with [methyl-3H]thymidine and
      killed 4 h later. By cosinor analysis, the DNA specific activity of cerebral
      hemispheres and brainstem was found to show a significant 24 h rhythm with the
      peak at the beginning of the dark period (waking period). By contrast, in kidney,
      the peak of the circadian rhythm of DNA specific activity occurred during the
      light period (sleep period), in agreement with literature data. On the other
      hand, in 4-week-old rats, born and raised in artificial lighting conditions,
      brain DNA specific activity followed a 12 h rhythm, in agreement with the lack of
      a significant diurnal oscillation of the sleep--waking structure. It is concluded
      that brain DNA synthesis undergoes a circadian fluctuation in association with
      the circadian rhythm of waking.

PMID- 3390698
TI  - Brainstem systems mediate the enhancement of palatability by chlordiazepoxide.
AB  - Previous studies have indicated that the benzodiazepine receptor complex is
      involved in enhancing taste palatability after chlordiazepoxide (CDP)
      administration. Positive, palatability-dependent ingestive reactions elicited by
      orally infused tastes are facilitated in rats by CDP (10 mg/kg), and this effect
      is reversible by benzodiazepine antagonists. In contrast, the rats' more neutral
      or aversive reactions are not facilitated by CDP. Because benzodiazepine
      receptors exist in highest density in the forebrain, it has seemed plausible to
      posit forebrain structures as the locus of CDP action. However, benzodiazepine
      receptors do exist in the caudal brainstem (albeit in lesser density), and the
      isolated decerebrate brainstem has been demonstrated to possess considerable
      taste processing and response capacity. The present study examined the effects of
      CDP on taste reactivity in chronic mesencephalic decerebrate rats. The results
      show that CDP can act on the subdiencephalic brainstem to enhance positive
      ingestive reactions even in the absence of communications with the forebrain.
      This indicates that both the relevant benzodiazepine receptors and the minimal
      neural circuit needed to modulate taste reactivity exist within or below the
      mesencephalon.

PMID- 3390699
TI  - Distribution of muscarinic cholinergic receptors in the dorsal vagal complex and
      other selected nuclei in the human medulla.
AB  - Muscarinic cholinergic receptors were localized in human brainstem by
      quantitative autoradiography, using the radioligand [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate.
      Receptor densities were highest in the hypoglossal nucleus. The second highest
      density was found in the medial region of the nucleus of the solitary tract
      (NTS). Moderately high numbers of receptors were present in the dorsal motor
      nucleus of the vagus, the dorsal NTS, subpostremal NTS, lateral NTS and ventral
      NTS. Intermediate densities were present in the dorsal and medial accessory
      nuclei of the inferior olive and the spinal trigeminal nucleus pars interpolaris.
      Low densities were found in the area postrema, principle nucleus of the inferior
      olive, gracile nucleus, cuneate nucleus and the tractus of the NTS. Muscarinic
      cholinergic receptors in the dorsal vagal complex are an important component of
      the neural substrate governing visceral function. These receptors may be the
      central site of action of anticholinergic medications in suppressing emesis.

PMID- 3390700
TI  - A longitudinal study of the effects of retinal ablation on the organization of
      the retinal target lamina of the optic tectum in the teleost, Rutilus rutilus.
AB  - The optic tecta of 55 Rutilus rutilus were examined at intervals varying from 2
      days to 4 years after unilateral retinal ablation. Qualitative ultrastructural
      examination of the retinal target lamina of the optic tectum (stratum fibrosum et
      griseum superficiale, SFGS) revealed that an initial period of degeneration and
      glial reaction, each of which could take one of a variety of forms and which
      lasted for 1-3 months after ablation, was followed by the temporary formation of
      heterologous synapses which persisted for a further 1-12 months. This in turn was
      followed by the degeneration of these synapses during the second year after
      ablation. Quantitative analysis at the level of the light microscope revealed a
      shrinkage of the SFGS throughout the level of the light microscope revealed a
      shrinkage of the SFGS throughout the first 14 postoperative months with no
      further reduction taking place thereafter. Analysis at the ultrastructural level
      revealed that this shrinkage was due to the disappearance, and not to the
      reduction in size, of pre- and postsynaptic profiles accompanied by glial
      reaction. No signs of collateral sprouting were seen throughout the survival
      period. Thus, partial deafferentation of the SFGS leads in the long run to a
      marked impoverishment of its neuronal network, without any apparent compensation.

PMID- 3390701
TI  - Entubulation repair with protein additives increases the maximum nerve gap
      distance successfully bridged with tubular prostheses.
AB  - The major objective of the experiments reported in this paper was to test the
      hypothesis that the maximum distance that peripheral nervous system (PNS) axons
      can regenerate through a tubular prosthesis may be increased by specific
      modifications to the internal environment of the prosthesis. The sciatic nerve of
      adult male rats was transected and proximal and distal nerve stumps were sutured
      into a silicone tube 20-25 mm in length. The silicone tubes were implanted empty,
      or the lumen was filled with collagen or a laminin-containing gel. Following 4-16
      weeks survival time animals were sacrificed and the contents of the silicone
      tubes were processed for histological identification of myelinated and
      unmyelinated axons. All of the tubes with additives, but one of the initially
      empty tubes, displayed a regenerated nerve cable within the tube. Retrograde
      labeling studies were carried out to prove that some of the axons present in the
      regenerated nerve cables arose from primary motor and sensory neurons. These
      results show that specific modifications to the microenvironment of regenerating
      PNS axons can affect the success or failure of tubular prostheses for nerve
      repair.

PMID- 3390702
TI  - Heparin inhibits the growth of astrocytes in vitro.
AB  - Heparin at a concentration of 100 micrograms/ml, inhibits neonatal rat astrocyte
      proliferation by 45%, and [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA by 55% when they
      are stimulated with 2% fetal bovine serum (FBS) in culture. Higher serum
      concentrations up to 10% FBS decreased this inhibition to 20% and 29%
      respectively. Inhibition of [3H]thymidine incorporation by heparin is dose
      dependent with maximal inhibition at 100 micrograms/ml, but 39% inhibition is
      still seen at 1 microgram/ml on stimulation by 5% FBS. Heparin or heparin-like
      molecules in the extracellular matrix of brain capillary walls may be important
      in the regulation of astrocyte growth in vivo.

PMID- 3390703
TI  - Glutamate decarboxylase immunoreactive neurons in rat neostriatum: their
      morphological types and populations.
AB  - Morphological types and populations of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD)
      immunoreactive neurons in rat neostriatum (Str) were studied. Str of colchicine
      treated animals contained 3 types of neurons immunoreactive for GAD. The first
      type, which makes up 80-84% of Str neurons, was medium in size and showed
      moderate intensity GAD-staining. The somatic morphology of the neurons was
      identical to the medium-spiny projection neuron. The second type, 3-5% of Str
      neurons, was small to medium in size and was intensely stained for GAD. The
      somata of the neurons were round or oval and contained a narrow ring of cytoplasm
      surrounding the nucleus, which often had nuclear invaginations. There were only a
      few in each section of the third type, which were large, polygonal, and intensely
      stained, GAD-immunoreactive neurons, including all 3 types, ranged from 85-87% of
      the total neuron population. The present study indicated that GABAergic neurons
      in the Str are not a single morphological type and that most Str projection
      neurons are GABAergic.

PMID- 3390704
TI  - Ectopic glial cells in rat cerebella following neonatal administration of
      methylazoxymethanol acetate.
AB  - Immunological and ultrastructural studies of adult cerebella following neonatal
      injection of methylazoxymethanol acetate revealed ectopic glial cells in the
      molecular layer and at the pial surface. This finding strengthens the view that
      the external granular layer might give rise to Bergmann glia.

PMID- 3390705
TI  - Muscarinic receptor-mediated hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositols in human
      neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells is sensitive to pertussis toxin.
AB  - Effects of pertussis toxin or cholera toxin on carbachol-stimulated inositol-1
      phosphate ([3H]IP1) accumulation were studied using the human neuroblastoma cell
      line (SH-SY5Y). The maximal carbachol-stimulated [3H]IP1 accumulation in the SH
      SY5Y cells was decreased from 51.4 fmol/10(6) cells to 42.4 fmol/10(6) cells (P
      less than 0.05) and 22.1 fmol/10(6) cells (P less than 0.01) in the absence and
      presence of 1 microgram/ml and 10 micrograms/ml pertussis toxin, respectively
      while the EC50 values did not change. Cholera toxin (1 mg/ml) did not alter
      carbachol-stimulated [3H]IP1 accumulation in these cells. These results suggest
      that a pertussis toxin sensitive G-protein may be involved in muscarinic receptor
      phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis coupling in SH-SY5Y cells.

PMID- 3390706
TI  - Intracellular records of carbachol-induced theta rhythm in hippocampal slices.
AB  - Intracellular recordings were made in the CA1, CA3 and dentate cell layers prior
      to, during and after the bath perfusion of 50 microM carbachol on hippocampal
      slices. Fifty-six percent of the cells in this sample were termed theta (theta)
      related, i.e., they exhibited membrane potential oscillations of 5-28 mV and
      rhythmic spike discharges related to the carbachol-induced extracellular theta
      rhythm. The remaining 44% of the cells did not show the above relationships to
      the extracellular theta-rhythm. Carbachol produced an overall depolarization in
      all cells, in the range of 10-20 mV. These results demonstrated the cellular
      basis of carbachol-induced theta in hippocampal slices. This preparation will be
      a valuable model for studying cellular mechanisms and network properties
      underlying electroencephalographic activity.

PMID- 3390707
TI  - A new combination of WGA-HRP anterograde tracing and GABA immunocytochemistry
      applied to afferents of the cat inferior olive at the ultrastructural level.
AB  - In order to identify cerebellar terminals in the cat inferior olive which contain
      gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a technique was developed combining anterograde
      transport of wheatgerm agglutinine-conjugated horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP)
      with gold-immunocytochemistry. With this technique both the HRP reaction product
      and the immunogold labelling can be visualized in a single ultrathin section. Our
      results suggest that most, if not all of the WGA-HRP-labelled cerebellar
      terminals in the rostral medial accessory olive (MAO) and the rostral principal
      olive (PO) are GABAergic. In an additional experiment the GABAergic innervation
      of the rostral MAO was studied in combination with WGA-HRP anterograde tracing
      from the rostral mesencephalon. In this case the WGA-HRP-labelled terminals were
      never found to be GABA-positive.

PMID- 3390708
TI  - Burst discharges associated with phasic hyperpolarizing oscillations of rat
      ventrobasal relay neurons.
AB  - Intracellular recordings were made from ventrobasal relay neurons in urethane
      anesthetized rats. A series of phasic hyperpolarizations repeated with the
      spindle rhythm appeared in response to single shocks to the medial lemniscus or
      spontaneously. On the recovery slope of some phasic hyperpolarizations slow
      depolarizations (SDs) lasting for 30-50 ms with burst discharges were generated
      as rebound excitation. The voltage dependency of SDs was proved by changing the
      membrane potential by current injection. The number of spikes triggered by the SD
      increased as the SD became larger in amplitude and faster in rising speed.

PMID- 3390709
TI  - Selective attention modifies the active micromechanical properties of the
      cochlea.
AB  - The micromechanical properties of the cochlea accounting for the exquisite
      properties of sensitivity and frequency selectivity depend on the integrity of an
      active biomechanism probably based upon a motile activity of outer hair cells
      (OHCs). Evoked oto-acoustic emissions (EOAEs), i.e. sounds emitted by the cochlea
      in response to a click, reflect this active biomechanism. We demonstrate here
      that a selective attention task in human subjects alters EOAEs. This means that
      the central nervous system can modify active cochlear micromechanics prior to the
      transduction process, probably by using the medial efferent system which, coming
      from the brainstem, innervates the OHCs.

PMID- 3390710
TI  - The timing and the amount of agonist facilitation and antagonist inhibition of
      varying ankle dorsiflexion force in man.
AB  - Experiments were conducted to investigate whether or not reciprocal descending
      commands occur simultaneously in the brain as well as the phasic changes in the
      agonist facilitation and the antagonist inhibition involved in the initiation of
      varying forces of ankle dorsiflexion. The H-reflex and reaction time method were
      combined. Results showed that: (1) the agonist and the antagonist motoneurones
      via Ia inhibitory interneurones simultaneously receive a subliminal facilitation
      and inhibition from the brain before the EMG onset; and (2) the onset of the
      agonist facilitation and the antagonist inhibition were not modified by different
      contraction forces; however, the extent of facilitation and inhibition just after
      the EMG onset were closely related to the amount of contraction forces. These
      findings suggest that the descending motor command activates parallel agonist
      alpha-motoneurones and Ia inhibitory interneurones. However, direct action of the
      descending command prior to the EMG onset may not be strong enough to drive the
      Ia interneurone for suppressing the antagonist motoneurones, and the agonist
      facilitation and the antagonist inhibition just after the EMG onset increase as
      the voluntary effort is strengthened.

PMID- 3390711
TI  - Endurance of the kindling effect is independent of the degree of generalization.
AB  - The endurance of the effect of amygdaloid kindling was studied in rats kindled to
      stages 1-4, then left unstimulated for 45 days prior to resumption of kindling.
      Afterdischarge duration and behavioral stages upon resumption of kindling
      revealed retention of the full kindling effect. Endurance of the localized effect
      of kindling appears to be independent of the degree of generalization prior to
      interruption of kindling.

PMID- 3390712
TI  - Occlusion of rostroventral 3rd ventricle abolishes drinking but not AVP release
      in response to central osmotic stimulation.
AB  - Dogs were implanted with a device for chronic cannulation of the anterior part of
      the 3rd ventricle (A3V). Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) infusion of artificial
      cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) containing 0.35 M NaCl into the A3V of 7 normally
      hydrated dogs induced thirst (average water intake 11.8 +/- 2.0 ml.kg-1 b. wt.)
      and significantly increased arginine-vasopressin (AVP) concentration in the blood
      plasma from 3.4 +/- 0.3 to 8.2 +/- 1.2 pg.ml-1. When repeating the i.c.v.
      hypertonic infusion at intervals of one week or more in two dogs, its dipsogenic
      effect vanished within 3-5 months. X-ray analysis revealed an occlusion of the
      rostroventral part of the A3V. Subsequent controls on 3 other dogs confirmed that
      the dipsogenic response to i.c.v. osmotic stimulation was abolished in
      association with similar partial occlusions of the A3V. However, this stimulus
      still produced a significant increase of plasma AVP from 3.7 +/- 0.5 to 5.7 +/-
      0.7 pg.ml-1 in the 5 dogs. Control of drinking in these dogs was otherwise
      unimpaired as indicated by their normal plasma osmolalities. Histological
      examination revealed that the loss of the dipsogenic response to i.c.v. infusion
      of 0.35 M NaCl was in each case associated with fibrinous occlusion of the A3V
      between its rostral wall and the mass intermedia, preventing the passage of the
      infusate to the supraoptic and infundibular recesses.

PMID- 3390713
TI  - Elevated salt appetite and brain binding of angiotensin II in mineralocorticoid
      treated rats.
AB  - Angiotensin II (Ang II) and aldosterone levels increase with sodium deficiency,
      promoting sodium conservation and arousing a salt appetite in rats. The
      mechanism(s), by which these two hormones interact to produce salt appetite is
      not known. The experiments reported here tested the possibility that increased
      mineralocorticoids change the number and/or affinity of Ang receptors in the
      brain. Rats were given a series of deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) injections
      (500 micrograms/day, s.c., for 4 days) which are known to produce a salt appetite
      when given in conjunction with an intracerebroventricular injection of Ang. The
      binding of 125I-Ang II to membranes prepared from the septal-anteroventral third
      ventricular region was then examined. DOCA treatment resulted in a significant
      increase in the number of Ang binding sites (Bmax) with no change in binding
      affinity (Kd). The binding of 125I-Ang II was then investigated in membranes
      prepared from 12 other brain regions as well as the pituitary and adrenal gland,
      showing that the increase in binding capacity occurred in only a few specific
      brain regions. A third experiment verified that the DOCA treatment used here was
      sufficient to arouse a salt appetite when combined with a single
      intracerebroventricular injection of Ang II. The mechanism that underlies the
      production of salt appetite by aldosterone and Ang II may at least partially
      consist of mineralocorticoid-induced increases in the number of Ang receptors in
      discrete brain regions.

PMID- 3390714
TI  - Postmortem decay in glucocorticoid binding in human and primate brain.
AB  - Numerous studies of glucorticoid receptors in the rodent brain suggest that
      similar studies of normal or diseased human brains might be informative. However,
      a major confound in quantification of such receptors is their possible decay
      during the lagtime between death and autopsy. We find evidence for such decay.
      Assay conditions were optimized in a number of ways to remove endogenous
      glucocorticoids occupying receptors at the time of death. Despite this,
      [3H]dexamethasone binding in 3-4.5 h postmortem human hippocampus was
      approximately half that of fresh human primate tissue, while no binding was
      detectable in 12-24 h postmortem material. In support of the idea of postmortem
      decay of these receptors, binding in slices of primate temporal cortex left at
      room temperature declined approximately 50% by 6 h postmortem.

PMID- 3390715
TI  - Membrane potential changes in rat SmI cortical neurons evoked by controlled
      stimulation of mystacial vibrissae.
AB  - Intracellular recordings from rat somatic sensory vibrissa/barrel cortex
      demonstrate that whisker displacements evoke short latency excitatory
      postsynaptic potentials followed by longer lasting inhibitory potentials. The
      time course and whisker-related spatial distribution of the potentials represent
      synaptic correlates of the integration of whisker inputs observed in
      extracellular studies.

PMID- 3390716
TI  - Stimulus-coupled release of amino acids from cerebellar granule cells in culture.
AB  - Cerebellar cultures greatly enriched in excitatory granule neurons were
      depolarized by exposure to either elevated K+ or veratrine. Stimulation of the
      release of not only Glu, but also of certain amino acids, including Gly, Ala and
      Ser, was observed. The effect was specific, as depolarization did not induce the
      release of all the estimated amino acids or of lactate dehydrogenase. In
      comparison with the characteristics of the evoked release of Glu, those of the
      responsive neutral amino acids were similar in terms of Ca2+-dependence, but
      differences were also noted. Thus, upon stimulation, the relative rise was
      smaller than for Glu and the degree of depolarization causing maximal release was
      lower. The questions of whether stimulus-coupled release of the non-transmitter
      amino acids from granule cells may play a neuromodulatory role in the cerebellum
      is discussed.

PMID- 3390717
TI  - Distribution and characterization of neuropeptide Y in the brain of an
      elasmobranch fish.
AB  - Using a specific antiserum raised against synthetic neuropeptide Y (NPY), the
      distribution of immunoreactivity in the brain and pituitary of the elasmobranch
      fish Scyliorhinus canicula has been examined with the indirect fluorescence and
      the peroxidase-antiperoxidase methods. The highest density of NPY-immunoreactive
      neurons was found in the basal telencephalon and in the hypothalamus. Numerous
      NPY-containing perikarya were located in the entopeduncular and the preoptic
      nuclei, in the nucleus lobi lateralis and in the nucleus lateralis tuberis. NPY
      immunopositive fibers were observed throughout the fish brain. In particular,
      dense networks of fibers were present in the entopeduncular and the habenular
      nuclei, in the nucleus tuberculi posterioris and in the lateral lobes. Scattered
      fibers were observed in all other parts of the brain except in the cerebellum
      where no NPY-immunoreactive material could be detected. A plexus of NPY
      immunoreactive fibers arising from the preoptic neurosecretory complex appeared
      to run through the basal hypothalamus and the pituitary stalk. These fibers
      terminated in the intermediate lobe of the pituitary, suggesting that NPY may be
      involved in the control of melanotropin secretion. The NPY-immunoreactive
      material localized in the brain and pituitary was characterized by combining high
      performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis and radioimmunological
      detection. Brain and pituitary extracts showed a good cross-reactivity to the NPY
      antiserum, but serial dilutions of tissue samples did not completely parallel the
      standard curve. HPLC analysis resolved two major forms of immunoreactive NPY in
      the hypothalamus while the pars intermedia contained only authentic NPY. The
      widespread distribution of NPY neurons in the fish brain and pituitary suggests
      the involvement of NPY in a variety of physiological functions, including the
      neuroendocrine control of the pituitary.

PMID- 3390718
TI  - The rostral part of the trigeminal sensory complex is involved in orofacial
      nociception.
AB  - Single units responsive to noxious mechanical stimulation of orofacial receptive
      fields were recorded within the ventrobasal complex of the rat thalamus. The
      induced activities were compared before and after deafferentation of the
      subnucleus caudalis by a trigeminal tractotomy performed at the obex level. The
      receptive fields activated by noxious stimulation were classified as 'oral' when
      included in the oral, perioral or paranasal areas, and as 'facial' when included
      in facial regions distant from the oral cavity. After tractotomy, the unit
      responses to noxious stimulation of an oral field remained unchanged in 8 cases,
      decreased in 3 cases, and were suppressed in 4 cases. For units responding to
      noxious stimulation of a facial field, the responses were suppressed in 8 cases,
      decreased in two cases and remained unchanged in two other cases. So it appears
      that the rostral part of the trigeminal sensory complex (1) receives nociceptive
      afferents mainly from the oral and perioral areas and (2) is a relay in ascending
      pathways which convey painful sensations.

PMID- 3390719
TI  - Transplantation of norepinephrine neurons into aged rats improves performance of
      a learned task.
AB  - A reproducible behavioral correlate of aging in rodents is deficient performance
      of inhibitory avoidance memory tasks. Impaired performance has been attributed,
      in part, to age-related changes in brain norepinephrine (NE) system function. To
      determine whether supplementation of brain NE can ameliorate avoidance deficits
      in aged animals, we transplanted noradrenergic locus coeruleus neurons from fetal
      rat donors into the third cerebral ventricle of 24-month-old male F344 rats. Aged
      rats that received NE-containing grafts exhibited significant improvement of
      inhibitory avoidance retention performance compared to both unoperated aged
      animals and aged animals that received grafts of cerebellar tissue. Improved
      behavioral performance was prevented by pretreatment of NE graft recipients with
      the beta-adrenergic receptor blocking agent, propranolol, and was mimicked by
      chronic intraventricular infusion of NE. Taken together, our findings support the
      view that age-related declines in brain NE content contribute to age-related
      deficits in inhibitory avoidance performance, and that NE replacement therapy can
      improve performance of this task in aged rats.

PMID- 3390721
TI  - [Ischemic heart disease and possibilities of its prevention].

PMID- 3390720
TI  - Effects of anticholinergic treatment on transient behavioral suppression and
      physiological responses following concussive brain injury to the rat.
AB  - Increasing doses (0.1, 1.0, 10.0 mg/kg) of scopolamine were systemically (i.p.)
      administered to rats subjected to moderate fluid percussion brain injury.
      Scopolamine treatment (1.0 mg/kg, i.p.) 15 min prior to trauma significantly
      reduced mortality and the duration of transient behavioral suppression assessed
      by a variety of measures. No differences were observed between saline- and
      scopolamine-treated animals in either the incidence or duration of transient
      apnea associated with injury. Preinjury treatment with methylscopolamine (1.04
      mg/kg) or mecamylamine (1.0 mg/kg) had no effect on transient behavioral
      suppression. Except for increased heart rate, preinjury treatment with
      scopolamine (1.0 mg/kg) did not significantly alter systemic physiological
      responses to injury. Rats treated with scopolamine (1.0 mg/kg, i.p.) 30 s after
      injury tended to have shorter durations of reflex and response suppression. These
      experiments suggest that antimuscarinics can attenuate components of transient
      behavioral suppression associated with concussive brain injury. These findings
      are consistent with previous experimental and clinical observations and lend
      further support to the hypothesis that activation of a muscarinic system within
      the CNS mediates components of reversible traumatic unconsciousness following
      cerebral concussion.

PMID- 3390722
TI  - [Structure of the surface of ependymal cells in the 3d cerebral ventricle in
      humans as studied with scanning electron microscopy].

PMID- 3390723
TI  - [Prognostic factors in purulent meningitis in children].

PMID- 3390724
TI  - [Carcinoma in situ of the uterine cervix in our conization material].

PMID- 3390725
TI  - [The picture of hepatic damage in giardiasis].

PMID- 3390726
TI  - [Results of several years' study of IgG and IgM Toxoplasma antibodies in Slovakia
      using the ELISA method].

PMID- 3390727
TI  - [The effect of tactile stimulation on blood circulation in the microcirculatory
      bed of the gingiva].

PMID- 3390728
TI  - [Erythema dyschromicum perstans].

PMID- 3390729
TI  - [The pathophysiology of heart failure].

PMID- 3390730
TI  - [Outpatient follow-up of HBsAg-positive blood donors].

PMID- 3390731
TI  - Haematopoietic progenitor cells in an infant who developed pancytopenia following
      an extensive burn.
AB  - We observed a 24-month-old infant who developed anaemia, thrombocytopenia and
      neutropenia while recuperating from an extensive burn. In order to determine the
      mechanism(s) responsible for the pancytopenia, we quantified marrow-derived
      haematopoietic progenitor cells, assessed the relative proliferative rate of
      haematopoietic progenitor cells, and sought the presence of progenitor cell
      inhibitors. The concentration and relative proliferative rate of pluripotent
      progenitors (CFU-GEMM) were elevated. No inhibitors of progenitor cells were
      observed; in fact, the patient's serum contained very high levels of stimulatory
      activity for CFU-GEMM as well as for granulocyte-macrophage progenitors (CFU-GM).
      However, the marrow concentration of erythroid progenitors (BFU-E and CFU-E) was
      diminished. We conclude that the anaemia in this patient was the result of either
      hypoproduction of differentiated erythroid progenitors or intramyeloid
      destruction of early erythroid cells. In contrast, the neutropenia was likely to
      be due to accelerated neutrophil consumption at a rate that exceeded the capacity
      for increasing neutrophil production.

PMID- 3390732
TI  - Invited comment on acute renal failure in burned patients.

PMID- 3390734
TI  - Full skin thickness burn injury of a knee joint in an 81-year-old patient.
AB  - An example of a full skin thickness burn injury on the medial aspect of the knee
      joint with exposed joint cavity is presented. Adequate coverage was possible
      using a cranially based medial gastrocnemius muscle flap. A specially
      manufactured plaster cylinder was applied to the joint to enable early
      mobilization of the 81-year-old patient. The treatment of deep burns in
      weightbearing joints is discussed.

PMID- 3390733
TI  - Early lymphopenia in burned children with and without the toxic shock syndrome.
AB  - The white cell count (WCC) response to thermal injury in children in week 1
      postburn has been investigated in a prospective study of 33 patients. Two of
      these patients developed the toxic shock syndrome (TSS) and, together with seven
      previously diagnosed cases of the TSS, were studied as a separate group. The WCC
      response in the non-TSS (control) patients was compared with the response
      observed in the TSS group. In all patients there was an initial leucocytosis
      followed by a fall in WCC to a nadir between days 2 and 4. The nadir was
      significantly lower in the TSS group than that observed in the control group. A
      rise in the WCC was observed over the following 3-4 days in both groups. In the
      control group the changes in the WCC were mainly attributable to changes in the
      granulocyte count with little change in the lymphocyte count. There were similar
      changes in the granulocyte count in the TSS group but, in contrast to the control
      group, the lymphocyte count fell, to below the normal range, on day 3. The lowest
      lymphocyte count observed in the TSS group was significantly lower than that seen
      in the control group. The observation of a profound fall in the total WCC,
      granulocytes, and in particular the lymphocytes, between days 2 and 4 are
      additional factors that may help with the diagnosis of TSS.

PMID- 3390735
TI  - Flame burns disasters from kerosene appliance explosions in Lagos, Nigeria.
AB  - A study of 55 cases of burns admitted to the Lagos University Teaching Hospital
      in the month of March 1984 revealed that 96 per cent were caused by flame burns
      due to explosions that occurred during the use of kerosene appliances for cooking
      and lighting. Thirty-four (62 per cent) were children, while 21 (38 per cent)
      were adults. In each of seven families, two or more people were affected. The
      overall mortality was 44 per cent, of which the larger contribution of 30 per
      cent was in children. By comparison, in the two preceding months there was a
      total of 17 and 20 burns admissions respectively. The mortality rate was 16 per
      cent while in March 1983 there was no death among the six paediatric admissions.
      Investigations showed that the explosions occurred due to petrol contamination of
      the kerosene before delivery to the domestic users. Appropriate precautions by
      kerosene suppliers and users, and health education can help prevent similar
      disasters in the future.

PMID- 3390736
TI  - Infection beneath Omiderm.

PMID- 3390737
TI  - Use of meshed Omiderm.

PMID- 3390738
TI  - Use of scalp arteries as donor vessels for free flap coverage of deep electrical
      burns.

PMID- 3390740
TI  - Legal and ethical issues in resuscitation and withholding of treatment.

PMID- 3390739
TI  - Changes in the population of active rosette-forming cells: a sensitive index for
      mortality among thermal injury patients.
AB  - Peripheral blood lymphocytes from normal and thermally injured patients were
      studied for their ability to form rosettes with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) by
      active E-rosette assay at different times postinjury. The population of active
      rosette forming cells (ARFC) was observed to be significantly lower (P less than
      0.001) in thermal injury patients compared with the normal subjects. The age and
      sex of the patient did not seem to have any significant effect on the ARFC
      population or the total lymphocyte count. The degree of burn had a significant (P
      less than 0.05) effect on the ARFC population but not the total lymphocyte count
      during the first 10 days immediately after burn, with partial skin thickness burn
      patients having more ARFC compared with full skin thickness burn patients.
      Further analysis of the data revealed an important correlation between the per
      cent ARFC in peripheral blood and the survival of the patients. Patients who died
      from their injuries showed a continuous decline in ARFC over the period of study,
      whereas the patients who survived showed a gradual increase until the ARFC number
      returned to within the normal range. The observed differences in the ARFC
      population between survivors and non-survivors were apparent as early as the
      first 10 days postinjury. Thus, the percentage of ARFC in the total peripheral
      blood may be used as an index for the early identification of patients at a
      greater risk of mortality.

PMID- 3390741
TI  - Open-chest resuscitation.

PMID- 3390742
TI  - Physical augmentation of cardiac output.

PMID- 3390743
TI  - Pharmacologic augmentation of cardiac output following cardiac arrest.

PMID- 3390744
TI  - Issues in the postresuscitation period.

PMID- 3390745
TI  - The role of antidysrhythmics in cardiac arrest.

PMID- 3390746
TI  - Pediatric resuscitation.

PMID- 3390747
TI  - Success of a cardiac rehabilitation program in returning patients to work.

PMID- 3390748
TI  - Defibrillation.

PMID- 3390749
TI  - Shock complications: recognition and management.

PMID- 3390750
TI  - The pharmacologic management of shock.

PMID- 3390751
TI  - Cardiogenic shock: current management.

PMID- 3390752
TI  - Nursing management of hypovolemic shock.

PMID- 3390753
TI  - Anaphylaxis and anaphylactic shock.

PMID- 3390754
TI  - Shock in newborns and children.

PMID- 3390755
TI  - Current trends in hemodynamic monitoring of patients in shock.

PMID- 3390756
TI  - The role of the nurse in granting staff privileges to doctors.

PMID- 3390757
TI  - HIV precautions for respiratory procedures.

PMID- 3390758
TI  - Neonatal endotracheal tube stabilization.

PMID- 3390759
TI  - I see and am silent.

PMID- 3390760
TI  - Moral distress in critical care nursing.

PMID- 3390761
TI  - Caring--the essence of nursing.

PMID- 3390762
TI  - Managing conflict in the OR setting.

PMID- 3390763
TI  - When nurses can draw the line in the O.R.

PMID- 3390764
TI  - Steam sterilization systems. How they work (Part 1).

PMID- 3390765
TI  - Retrohepatic vena caval surgery.

PMID- 3390766
TI  - The Piriformis Syndrome.

PMID- 3390767
TI  - Resection of retrohepatic inferior vena caval tumours: a new technique using the
      Biomedicus pump.

PMID- 3390768
TI  - Reoperation within 2 years of aortofemoral bypass.
AB  - The authors analysed 267 consecutive primary aortofemoral grafts to identify the
      reasons for reoperation within the first 2 years postoperatively. Forty-one (8%)
      of the 521 limbs required a second operation. Precursors to reoperation were:
      occlusion of a superficial femoral artery (12%), gangrene (27%) and severe acute
      ischemia (35%). The rationale for reoperation was classified as technical 11,
      questionable selection (candidates for percutaneous transluminal angioplasty or
      inappropriate operation) 9, disease progress 11, residual symptoms 9,
      contralateral symptoms 1. The commonest technical problem was blind
      endarterectomy which preceded seven reoperations, five for thrombosis of the
      graft or a superficial femoral artery which was patent initially. Although 218
      limbs had an occluded or severely stenosed superficial femoral artery, only 26
      (12%) required reoperation within the first 2 years. The authors believe that the
      incidence of reoperation after aortofemoral bypass can be reduced by identifying
      the limbs at risk, by appropriate selection for percutaneous transluminal
      angioplasty, avoiding blind outflow endarterectomy and considering concomitant
      femoropopliteal bypass when gangrene is present.

PMID- 3390769
TI  - Factors influencing results of femoropopliteal bypass operations for lower limb
      ischemia.
AB  - An ideal way to assess the effectiveness of femoropopliteal bypass procedures is
      to standardize patient- and surgeon-related variables by randomization. Through
      statistical analysis of multiple factors influencing patency, limb loss, death
      rate and hospital stay, the authors reviewed retrospectively 136 bypass
      procedures performed over 5 years. Variables that contributed significantly to
      the results were: preoperative symptoms (p = 0.037), graft material used (p =
      0.016), age of the patient (p = 0.007), adequacy of runoff (p = 0.041) and
      smoking postoperatively (p = 0.013). Autogenous vein grafts were superior to
      prosthetic grafts, the cumulative patency at 5 years being 67.5% and 38.2%
      respectively. The authors emphasize that all patients needing vascular surgery
      should be advised to stop smoking, since in this study postoperative smoking
      increased the probability of limb loss and adversely affected the cumulative
      patency rate by interaction with other variables such as preoperative symptoms,
      graft material and age.

PMID- 3390770
TI  - New clinical test for fracture of the scaphoid.
AB  - The authors noted that in patients with scaphoid fractures pronation of the
      affected wrist followed by ulnar deviation produces pain in the anatomic snuff
      box that is not present in those without a scaphoid fracture. They therefore
      evaluated this test prospectively in 73 patients. The test gave a 52% positive
      predictive value and a 100% negative predictive value. They recommend that the
      test may be used with confidence in the emergency department to exclude a
      scaphoid fracture in patients with clinical features suggesting scaphoid injury
      but a normal x-ray film. Use of this test would reduce the number of patients
      whose wrists are needlessly immobilized in a scaphoid cast.

PMID- 3390771
TI  - [Malignant colonic polyps: is polypectomy adequate treatment?].
AB  - The management of patients with endoscopically removed malignant intestinal
      polyps is controversial. The risk of residual disease should be assessed against
      the risk of a surgical operation. The authors report 35 cases of malignant polyps
      (5.5% of 641 colonoscopically removed adenomas). Sixteen patients had carcinoma
      in situ and received no further treatment and 19 had invasive carcinoma (sessile
      in 6, pedunculated in 13). Of these 19, 7 did not undergo surgery--because of old
      age in 2, minimal invasion in 3, a low rectal location in 1 and refusal in 1.
      Twelve patients (3 with sessile, 9 with pedunculated polyps) underwent a surgical
      resection, and residual disease was present in 3 (25%), 1 with positive nodes.
      Reported criteria of increased risk of residual disease--cancer in lymphatics or
      veins, incomplete excision, tumour at resection margin, sessile and villous
      tumours--were present in nine. All three patients with residual disease had
      microscopically involved margins of resection. The authors believe that the
      increased risk of recurrence justifies the risk associated with subsequent
      surgical resection unless the patient is otherwise a poor operative risk.

PMID- 3390772
TI  - Urinary diversion using the Kock ileal reservoir in patients with irradiated
      bowel.
AB  - The creation of a Kock ileal reservoir is the most common method of continent
      urinary diversion. The procedure utilizes a metre of distal small bowel.
      Preoperative pelvic irradiation in patients who are to undergo radical cystectomy
      for invasive bladder cancer frequently results in thickening of the bowel and its
      mesentery. This change makes construction of the Kock reservoir somewhat more
      difficult and could theoretically increase the potential for complications. The
      authors have found, in a series of 16 such cases, that there is no increased
      complication rate as a result of preoperative irradiation and that this should
      not be considered a contraindication to the Kock procedure.

PMID- 3390773
TI  - Right testicular pain: unusual presentation of obstruction of the ureteropelvic
      junction.
AB  - The authors report a case of right ureteropelvic junction obstruction in an
      otherwise healthy 31-year-old man. Because of previous surgical manipulation of
      the right testicle, the diagnosis was obscured, delaying therapeutic
      intervention. Renal pain often refers to the testicle and groin, and testicular
      pain to the flank. Therefore evaluation of organs in the primary referral
      distribution must be considered in cases of obscure intractable pain in this
      area.

PMID- 3390774
TI  - Clinical results with an uncemented plastic tibial component in unicompartmental
      knee replacement.
AB  - To determine the role of unicompartmental knee replacement in knee arthroplasty
      and, in particular, the design and function of the ICLH (Finsbury Prosthetics
      Ltd., London, UK) knee prosthesis, the authors report their experience with 18
      patients (15 women and 3 men, mean age 73 years), who underwent unicompartmental
      knee replacement with this prosthesis. The prosthesis failed in five (27.8%)
      cases, but in the remainder the results were good to excellent over a follow-up
      extending to 6 years (mean 4.5 years). The main problem with the ICLH prosthesis
      is the linear wear of the plastic of the tibial component, caused by a sharp
      radius at the edge of the femoral component. This leads to fracture and breakdown
      of the tibial portion. Because the short-term results are good but the long-term
      results are poor, the authors suggest that the ICLH unicompartmental knee
      prosthesis should be reserved for use in patients whose life expectancy is short.

PMID- 3390775
TI  - Eosinophilic enteritis with perforation.
AB  - A case of eosinophilic granuloma of the gastrointestinal tract with free
      perforation is described. The authors believe this is the first such case to be
      published. The patient, a 60-year-old woman, had no history of allergy. At
      laparotomy, 100 ml of pus was aspirated. A 42-cm section of small bowel,
      containing multiple punched-out ulcers, was excised. The mucosa and submucosa of
      the operative specimen were edematous; there was a moderate inflammatory
      infiltrate containing numerous eosinophils and neutrophils. The lesion appeared
      to represent a local reaction to some antigen with resultant eosinophilic
      infiltration.

PMID- 3390776
TI  - Retirement age in the forces.

PMID- 3390777
TI  - Widespread dermatitis after topical treatment of chronic leg ulcers and stasis
      dermatitis.

PMID- 3390778
TI  - Why do women commit arson?

PMID- 3390779
TI  - Health maintenance organizations in Canada: some ethical considerations.

PMID- 3390780
TI  - Physician self-awareness: the neglected insight.
AB  - Self-awareness is vital to a physician's development. Understanding the impact of
      our internal subjective world on our attitudes and values and on the fantasies we
      have of reality is important to us as doctors. Some of the means of acquiring
      this self-knowledge include accurately perceiving the reflection of one's self in
      patients, understanding one's learning style, studying and enjoying the
      humanities, expressing one's self creatively, maintaining a sense of humour and
      examining one's reaction to experiences. When confronted by a person who is ill
      the physician must take action that is constructive and affirmative and not
      compromised by behaviour that originates in unexamined personal issues.

PMID- 3390781
TI  - Overdose of tricyclic antidepressants associated with absent brain-stem reflexes.

PMID- 3390782
TI  - May I watch? It may become a more common question for MDs.

PMID- 3390783
TI  - Passage of antismoking bills provides a lesson in lobbying.

PMID- 3390784
TI  - Residency training in internal medicine: program design in an era of constraint.

PMID- 3390785
TI  - Loxoscelism in Canada.

PMID- 3390786
TI  - Abortion: it is time for doctors to get off the fence.

PMID- 3390787
TI  - Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

PMID- 3390788
TI  - Career paths of physicians who received an American Cancer Society Regular
      Clinical Fellowship.
AB  - The authors conducted a survey of American Cancer Society Regular Clinical
      Fellowship recipients from 1975 to 1976 and 1985 to 1986 and directors whose
      programs were awarded fellowships in 1985 to 1986. The survey ascertained the
      career paths taken or planned by the surveyed fellows, program directors'
      estimates of the career paths chosen by their programs' fellows from the last 5
      years, and to elicit opinions on the role of the fellowship program. Response
      rates exceeded 70% across the three groups. The survey found that there has been
      a shift toward full-time academic oncologic practice and away from community
      oncologic practice by fellows. Program directors indicated the fellowship program
      afforded more benefits to fellows than fellows perceived, with the exception of
      the contribution to fellows' salaries. Program directors and fellows agreed on
      the most important aspects of a fellowship program (support a year of otherwise
      unavailable training and require exposure to research) but were in less agreement
      on other characteristics.

PMID- 3390789
TI  - Breast thermography. A prognostic indicator for breast cancer survival.
AB  - A prognostic classification for thermographic staging of breast cancer has been
      applied to a cohort of 70 patients from 5040 screenees enrolled in the Albert
      Einstein Medical Center (AEMC) Breast Cancer Detection Demonstration Project
      (BCDDP). A diagnosis of breast cancer was established in each case before
      December 31, 1980. None of the patients have been lost to follow-up which
      extended from a minimum of 6 to a maximum of 13 years. Survival rates for those
      with favorable, equivocal, and poor thermographic factors are compared with each
      other and with results in accordance with tumor-node-metastasis (TNM)
      classification. As of December 31, 1986, there have been 22 (31.4%) deaths, all
      attributed to breast cancer. The thermographic scoring system clearly shows
      shorter survival for patients with poor thermographic prognostic factors, 30%
      surviving at 5 years and only 20% at 10 years compared with overall survival of
      80% at 5 years and 70% at 10 years.

PMID- 3390790
TI  - Spontaneously regressing adrenocortical carcinoma in a newborn. A case report
      with DNA ploidy analysis.
AB  - Adrenal cortical carcinoma is an uncommon neoplasm in children. Only a handful of
      congenital adrenal cortical carcinoma cases have been described. A newborn who
      had metastatic adrenal cortical carcinoma (skin metastases and cerebral lesions)
      is described. This patient underwent surgical resection of the right adrenal
      primary, but no further treatment was given. Hemihypertrophy developed in this
      patient by 2 months of age, and at 4 months of age spontaneous regression of all
      skin nodules and central nervous system (CNS) lesions was observed. Follow-up at
      1 year shows the patient to be alive, well, and disease-free. Evaluation of the
      tumor included DNA ploidy analysis that showed the tumor to be polyploid, a
      pattern recently associated with nonmetastasizing adrenal cortical neoplasm. The
      observation of apparent metastatic disease that regressed spontaneously
      highlights the prognostic value of DNA ploidy analysis and raises the possibility
      of an adrenal tumor with properties similar to those of Stage IV-S neuroblastoma.

PMID- 3390791
TI  - Proliferative potential of brain metastases.
AB  - Thirteen patients with metastatic brain tumors received an intravenous infusion
      of bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR) 200 mg/m2 at craniotomy) to label S-phase tumor
      cells. Excised tumors were stained immunohistochemically for BUdR. The percentage
      of BUdR-positive cells was calculated to determine the BUdR labeling index (LI)
      (or fraction of S-phase cells), which provides an estimate of the proliferative
      potential. Histologically, 11 patients had adenocarcinoma (four well
      differentiated, three moderately differentiated, and four poorly differentiated),
      one had a large cell carcinoma, and one had a small cell carcinoma. All tumors
      had a BUdR LI greater than 5% (mean, 13.3 +/- 7% standard deviation). Moderately
      and poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas had a higher LI than well
      differentiated adenocarcinomas (median, 15.3% versus 8.2%). These LI values are
      considerably higher than those reported for primary tumors with comparable
      histologic features. Thus, metastatic tumors in the brain may grow faster than
      the primary tumors from which they originate.

PMID- 3390792
TI  - Cancer-associated elevation of alpha(1----3)-L-fucosyltransferase activity in
      human serum.
AB  - GDP-fucose:N-acetylglucosaminide alpha(1----3)-L-fucosyltransferase activity was
      measured in sera of patients with various cancers using a synthetic substrate, N
      acetyl-2'-O-methyllactosamine, as an acceptor. One hundred twenty-four of the 169
      patients showed significantly high levels of the enzyme activity when compared to
      healthy controls, irrespective of the location of their tumor. However, enzyme
      levels were in the normal range in patients with non-neoplastic diseases, such as
      infectious disease, liver disease, and other inflammatory problems as well as in
      leukemic patients. The chromatofocusing profile of the enzyme using PBE-94 gel
      over a pH gradient from pH 6.0 to 4.0 demonstrated that the level of enzyme
      eluted at pH 5.4 was markedly elevated in the sera of stomach and ovarian cancer
      patients. A correlation was established between alpha(1----3)-L
      fucosyltransferase activity and the presence of malignancy which may be used to
      evaluate the utility of the enzyme as a tumor marker.

PMID- 3390793
TI  - Predictive value of nuclear DNA content in breast cancer in relation to clinical
      and morphologic factors. A retrospective study of 227 consecutive cases.
AB  - The predictive value of nuclear DNA content in breast cancer in relation to
      clinical and morphologic factors was studied in 227 consecutive cases of invasive
      breast adenocarcinomas with follow-up periods of 8 to 13 years. The results show
      that, with the use of Cox multivariate analysis nuclear DNA content provided
      significant prognostic information additional to that given by all other clinical
      and histomorphologic variables taken together. This fact indicates that the DNA
      content of breast cancer cells reflects biological properties, associated with
      the malignant behavior of the tumor, other than those determining the stage of
      the disease. Nuclear DNA content was strongly correlated to histopathologic
      grading of the ductal carcinomas, with poorly differentiated tumors more likely
      to be aneuploid. On the other hand, no clear correlation was found to exist
      between nuclear DNA content and axillary node status, indicating that these two
      factors are independent prognostic parameters. It is noteworthy that DNA content
      provided additional prognostic information within both the node-negative and node
      positive patient groups. In summary, the results shown here indicate that nuclear
      DNA content, as an objective biological marker of tumor aggressiveness, can
      significantly improve our prognostic capabilities within the currently designated
      stages.

PMID- 3390794
TI  - Erythema gyratum repens. A cutaneous marker of malignancy.
AB  - A patient with erythema gyratum repens in whom a bronchogenic carcinoma was found
      is described. Erythema gyratum repens is a cutaneous eruption with a unique
      morphology resembling a wood grain pattern. Its presence is almost always
      associated with serious systemic pathology, usually neoplastic, and thus should
      be considered a cutaneous marker of internal malignancy.

PMID- 3390795
TI  - Precursor lesions of esophageal cancer in high-risk populations in Henan
      Province, China.
AB  - This report discusses precancerous changes in the esophageal mucosa from three
      points of view: the histopathologic features of the esophageal mucosa in persons
      known to be at high risk for esophageal carcinoma (EC); the histopathologic
      features of the esophageal mucosa of asymptomatic persons randomly selected from
      areas at high and low risk for EC; and a prospective follow-up of a randomly
      examined group to determine the impact of esophagitis and dysplasia upon
      subsequent development of EC. Esophagitis was commonly found at endoscopic
      examination, but there was no difference in frequency of esophagitis in the
      randomly selected subjects from high-risk and low-risk areas. Although one third
      of patients with dysplasia developed cancer over a follow-up period of 30 to 78
      months, only 4% of those with esophagitis alone developed EC. The authors
      conclude that dysplasia, diagnosed by cytologic or histologic examination, is a
      precancerous state, and that esophagitis is a nonspecific pathologic condition of
      the esophagus, but moderate and severe types of chronic esophagitis might create
      an environment favorable for the development of esophageal carcinoma.

PMID- 3390796
TI  - Morphology of canine ovarian Sertoli-Leydig cell neoplasms. A report of 12 cases.
AB  - Of 71 dogs with primary ovarian neoplasms, 12 (17%) had Sertoli-Leydig cell
      tumors. Five dogs had Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors, four had pure Sertoli cell
      tumors, and three had Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors with a retiform pattern.
      Variously differentiated Sertoli cells were seen in the Sertoli-Leydig cell
      tumors, and one of these metastasized to the peritoneum. The pure Sertoli cell
      tumors were similar to these tumors in male dogs. The retiform pattern in the
      third group of tumors was characterized by tubuloalveolar structures resembling
      rete testes. Heterologous elements were seen in seven tumors (58%)--enteric
      glands in three Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors and one Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor with
      retiform pattern, and neuroendocrine carcinoma in one pure Sertoli cell tumor and
      two Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors with retiform pattern. The uterus was examined in
      seven dogs, and six (87%) had endometrial hyperplasia.

PMID- 3390797
TI  - Blood transfusion and lung cancer recurrence.
AB  - Recent reports have suggested that perioperative blood transfusions may adversely
      affect prognosis after resection of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). To
      determine the impact of perioperative transfusion on the recurrence-free
      interval, the status of 352 patients who underwent pulmonary resection for
      pathologic Stages I and II NSCLC was investigated. Transfused patients were
      significantly older than untransfused patients (P = 0.0009) but were not
      significantly different in sex distribution (P = 0.12) or tumor stage (P = 0.09).
      Recurrence was not significantly different in transfused patients when compared
      with patients who received no blood (P = 0.23) even when stratified for stage
      (Stage I, P = 0.58; Stage II, P = 0.14). Furthermore, the number of units
      transfused was not associated with time to tumor recurrence (P = 0.58). Contrary
      to other reports, these results do not support the contention that perioperative
      blood transfusion is significantly associated with decreased recurrence-free
      survival.

PMID- 3390798
TI  - Colonic adenocarcinoma associated with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome.
AB  - Colonic adenocarcinoma developed in an intravenous drug abuser with the acquired
      immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) that was diagnosed by the presence of
      antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), generalized
      lymphadenopathy, and biopsy proven esophageal candidiasis. The colon cancer
      presented atypically at a young age with no known risk factors and with a bulky
      primary tumor and a local fistula. AIDS and AIDS risk factors have been
      associated with Kaposi's sarcoma, lymphomas, and anal and oropharyngeal
      carcinoma. This report suggests a possible association between colonic
      adenocarcinoma and AIDS.

PMID- 3390799
TI  - Unmet needs of persons with cancer in Pennsylvania during the period of terminal
      care.
AB  - A stratified random sample of recent cancer deaths was drawn from the
      Pennsylvania death registry, and 433 family members or close friends were
      interviewed concerning unmet needs during the last month of life. It was
      estimated that 72% of persons who died of cancer in Pennsylvania experienced at
      least one unmet service need during this period. The most frequently reported was
      help with activities of daily living, estimated at 42% of cancer deaths,
      involving over 11,000 persons each year in the state. There were significantly
      more unmet needs during the terminal period, compared with just after diagnosis,
      in activities of daily living, obtaining health care, transportation, and
      problems with medical staff. Our findings indicate a need to increase a broad
      range of support programs during the terminal period, especially of home-care
      services.

PMID- 3390800
TI  - The association between soft tissue sarcomas and exposure to phenoxyacetic acids.
      A new case-referent study.
AB  - A case-referent study on soft tissue sarcomas (STS) was conducted, to see if
      previous findings regarding an association between exposure to phenoxyacetic
      acids or chlorophenols and this tumor type could be reproduced. Fifty-five male
      STS patients were thereby compared with 220 living and 110 dead population-based
      referents. Furthermore, another referent group consisting of 190 patients with
      another type of malignant disease was used in order to evaluate any influence of
      recall bias on the results. To obtain information about exposure to the studied
      chemicals, as well as about any other exposures that might be of interest,
      questionnaires were used, and if necessary these were completed over the phone by
      an interviewer who had no information regarding case-referent status. All
      analysis and interpretation of exposure data were done in a blinded manner.
      Exposure to phenoxyacetic acids gave a roughly three-fold increased risk for STS,
      thereby confirming previous findings, whereas exposure to chlorophenols was not
      associated with STS in this study.

PMID- 3390802
TI  - Coffee drinking and bladder cancer.
AB  - A case-control study was conducted in the Main Hospital of Torino on 512 men and
      55 women with bladder cancer, and 596 male and 202 female controls. The
      association with coffee drinking was investigated. In males, the odds ratios for
      current consumption were 0.8, 1.0, 1.2 and 0.8 for 1, 2, 3 and 4+ cups of coffee
      per day, respectively (adjusted for age, smoking and occupations at risk). The
      odds ratios for a daily consumption of 1, 2, 3 and 4+ cups 10 years before
      interview were 1.2, 1.5, 1.1 and 1.1, respectively. None of the estimates were
      statistically significant. These results are consistent with most of the previous
      findings. In males increased odds ratios were observed in non-smokers, with a
      dose-response relationship both for current and past coffee drinking habits. The
      association between bladder cancer and coffee consumption is unclear but it seems
      that smoking could play a role as an effect modifier.

PMID- 3390801
TI  - Toxicity and chromosomal damage in fetal Syrian hamster and human pulmonary
      epithelial cells.
AB  - In order to test the hypothesis that human chromosomes are more stable than those
      of rodents, we compared the fetal human and Syrian hamster pulmonary epithelial
      cell lines for their sensitivity to the induction of cytotoxicity (CT),
      chromosomal aberrations (CAs) and sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs). One day
      after plating, the cells were exposed for 2 h to various doses of ENU dissolved
      in an exposure medium consisting of McIlvaine buffer, RPMI 1640, and bovine serum
      albumin. CAs and SCEs were examined in 24-64 post-exposure hours by the standard
      methods, while CT was determined by cell counts. The frequency of CAs
      (particularly chromatid exchanges) and that of SCEs showed clear dose dependency
      and was remarkably higher in the hamster than in the human cells. CT determined
      in 1 week of post-exposure incubation showed a similar dose response for both
      cell lines with sharply declining regressions. These results suggest that human
      chromosomes are indeed more resistant to ENU-inducible aberrations than hamster
      chromosomes and that CT may not always be directly associated with chromosomal
      damage.

PMID- 3390803
TI  - Glutathione and enzymes related to free radical metabolism in liver of rats fed a
      choline-devoid low-methionine diet.
AB  - Fischer F-344 male rats, fed a choline-devoid diet that leads to a highly
      reproducible sequence of biochemical and biological changes with an ultimate
      development of hepatocellular carcinoma, show elevated levels of glutathione in
      the liver at 3, 6 and 8 days. Several enzymes related to the metabolism of free
      radicals, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase,
      glutathione S-transferase and DT-diaphorase show neither increased nor decreased
      activity as measured between 12 h and 8 days on the diet. Thus, of several known
      cellular components related to the possible scavenger of free radicals in the
      liver, only glutathione responded to the feeding of the CD diet. It is
      tentatively concluded that a decrease in the levels of possible scavengers for
      free radicals is not a major basis for the nuclear and mitochondrial lipid
      peroxidation seen early in rats fed a choline-devoid diet.

PMID- 3390804
TI  - Tumor induction in mice administered neonatally with 2-amino-6-methyldipyrido[1,2
      a:3',2'-d]imidazole or 2-amino-dipyrido[1,2-a:3',2'-d]imidazole.
AB  - The tumorigenic effects of 2 L-glutamic acid pyrolysates to ICR mice were
      studied. The newborn animals received subcutaneously either 2-amino-6
      methyldipyrido[1,2-a:3',2'-d]imidazole (Glu-P-1) or 2-amino-dipyrido[1,2-a:3',2'
      d]imidazole (Glu-P-2). The mice were observed for 1 year. The tumors of the lung
      and liver were induced. Statistical analysis revealed that the incidences of the
      lung tumor in the mice given Glu-P-1 or Glu-P-2 and that of liver tumor in the
      male mice given Glu-P-2 25 mg/kg body wt were significantly higher than those of
      controls.

PMID- 3390805
TI  - Trace element content in drinking water of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients.
AB  - Chinese in the Xiangxi region of Hunan province in China have a high incidence of
      nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). For analyzing the relation between NPC and trace
      elements, the concentrations of 7 trace elements in drinking water (well water)
      of high- and low-incidence areas were measured (75 samples). The results showed
      that the concentrations of Ni, Zn and Cd in drinking water of high-incidence
      areas were significantly higher than those in low-incidence areas. Especially,
      the Ni level in drinking water had a significant positive correlation with NPC
      mortality. These observations are consistent with earlier studies. We also found
      a highly positive correlation between Ni/pH value in drinking water and NPC
      mortality. This suggests that only considering the ion concentration in drinking
      water is not enough, we should also pay attention to the pH of the drinking water
      when we study the relation between NPC and trace elements. Because the pH of the
      medium can strongly affect trace element chemical characteristics and its
      metabolic state in living systems, the M/pH (M, metal concentration) may be an
      important factor worthy of further research.

PMID- 3390806
TI  - Comparative carcinogenicity of the food pyrolysis product, 2-amino-5
      phenylpyridine, and the known human carcinogen, 4-aminobiphenyl, in the neonatal
      B6C3F1 mouse.
AB  - 2-Amino-5-phenylpyridine (2-APP) is a mutagenic heterocyclic aromatic amine that
      is formed by pyrolysis of phenylalanine in proteins. Since this mutagen is
      structurally similar to the multipotent carcinogen, 4-aminobiphenyl (4-ABP), we
      compared their relative tumorigenic activity in the neonatal male B6C3F1 mouse.
      After determinations of the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), both aromatic amines
      were administered i.p. at 2 dose levels (MTD and MTD/2) on days 1, 8, 15 and 22
      after birth. Groups were killed at 9 and 12 months and examined for
      histopathologic changes. No treatment-related neoplastic lesions were observed
      for 2-APP. In contrast, 4-ABP was strongly carcinogenic and induced a high
      incidence of multiple hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas.

PMID- 3390807
TI  - Comparative study of DNA damage and repair induced by ten N-nitroso compounds in
      primary cultures of human and rat hepatocytes.
AB  - Ten carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds were assayed for DNA-damaging activity in
      primary cultures of human and rat hepatocytes. DNA fragmentation was measured by
      the alkaline elution technique, and unscheduled DNA synthesis by quantitative
      autoradiography. Positive dose-related responses in the range of subtoxic
      concentrations indicated were obtained in cells of both species with N
      nitrosodiethylamine (10-32 mM), N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine (1.8-10 mM), N
      nitrosomorpholine (1-3.2 mM), N-nitrosopiperidine (1-3.2 mM), N
      nitrosopyrrolidine (3.2-18 mM), N-nitroso-N-methylurea (0.32-1.8 mM), N-nitroso-N
      ethylurea (0.32-1.8 mM), and N-nitroso-N-butylurea (0.1-0.32 mM). N-nitrosodi-n
      butylamine was practically inactive at the maximal soluble concentration (1 mM).
      The responses of human hepatocytes were qualitatively similar to those of rat
      hepatocytes, but statistically significant differences between the two species in
      the amounts of DNA damage and/or unscheduled DNA synthesis were observed with N
      nitrosodimethylamine, N-nitrosomorpholine, N-nitrosopiperidine, N
      nitrosopyrrolidine, and N-nitroso-N-butylurea. On the other hand, quantitative
      differences in the genotoxic effects induced by 5 mM N-nitrosodimethylamine in
      cultures derived from 20 human donors and from 20 rats were greater than average
      interspecies differences displayed by this nitrosamine and by other N-nitroso
      compounds. These results indicate that the rat hepatocyte DNA repair assay is a
      valid model for predicting the genotoxic potential of N-nitroso compounds in
      human hepatocytes.

PMID- 3390808
TI  - Glandular kallikrein in estrogen-induced pituitary tumors: time course of
      induction and correlation with prolactin.
AB  - Glandular kallikrein (a trypsin-like serine protease) is an estrogen-induced and
      dopamine-repressed protein in the rat anterior pituitary which appears to be
      associated with lactotrophs. This study examined glandular kallikrein levels in
      diethylstilbestrol (DES)-induced pituitary tumors in F344 rats and compared it to
      plasma and pituitary prolactin, and pituitary wet weight. Ovariectomized F344
      rats were implanted with Silastic tubes containing 0 or 5 mg DES for 1, 3, 5, 7,
      or 9 weeks. Glandular kallikrein was measured by microenzymatic assay using D
      valylleucylarginyl-p-nitroanilide following trypsin treatment of extracts to
      activate latent forms of glandular kallikrein. Prolactin was measured by
      radioimmunoassay. DES induced steady time-dependent increases in pituitary wet
      weight with 7- and 16-fold increases observed by 5 and 9 weeks, respectively.
      Growth rates averaged 11.4 mg/week during the first 5 weeks of DES exposure, and
      then increased to 23.2 mg/week between weeks 5 and 9. Glandular kallikrein total
      activity (nmol/min/pituitary) increased 130- and 240-fold after 3 and 5 weeks of
      DES exposure, respectively, and then abruptly plateaued. The specific activity
      (nmol/min/mg protein) of glandular kallikrein peaked at 3-5 weeks (36-fold
      increase compared to controls) and then declined as pituitary protein but not
      glandular kallikrein continued to increase. Total pituitary prolactin constantly
      rose during DES exposure with 12- and 26-fold increases after 5 and 9 weeks,
      respectively. Plasma prolactin levels also continuously rose during exposure to
      DES with 130- and 290-fold increases after 5 and 9 weeks, respectively. No major
      strain differences were found with regard to sensitivity to the acute effects of
      estrogen or dopaminergic stimulation on glandular kallikrein induction. DES
      induced pituitary tumors in F344 rats are well known to arise via lactotroph
      proliferation, and the striking elevation in glandular kallikrein and prolactin
      during the early phases of tumor growth provide further support for a
      localization of glandular kallikrein in lactotrophs. However, the abrupt
      stabilization in glandular kallikrein levels by week 5 was unexpected and may
      signal a biochemical transformation of the tissue during tumor progression.

PMID- 3390809
TI  - Adoptive immunotherapy by pantropic killer cells recovered from OK-432-injected
      tumor sites in mice.
AB  - A murine malignant ascites model with BAMC-1 tumors was established previously,
      which was cured completely by five consecutive i.p. injections of OK-432. We have
      found that peritoneal mononuclear cells from these animals contained antitumor
      effector cells which could destroy nonspecifically a variety of tumor cells in
      vitro. They were tentatively called pantropic killer cells (PKCs). The present
      study was essentially designed to show the antitumor effectiveness of the PKCs in
      vivo by the use of an adoptive immunotherapy model. The growth of BAMC-1 tumors
      transplanted s.c. 5 days earlier was significantly suppressed by passive transfer
      of 5 x 10(6) to 2 x 10(7) PKCs induced by injection of OK-432 into BAMC-1 bearing
      donor mice, while more than 1 x 10(8) immune spleen cells from the same donors
      treated with OK-432 were required to achieve the similar effects. Furthermore, if
      the tumor-bearing recipients were pretreated with 180 mg/kg of cyclophosphamide 1
      h before the adoptive transfer, even 5 x 10(6) PKCs could induce complete
      regression of the tumors transplanted 5 days earlier. This protocol made it
      possible even to achieve the complete regression of larger tumors (9-10 mm in
      diameter) in recipients transplanted 12 days earlier. The PKCs were, as expected,
      able to cure not only BAMC-1-bearing animals but also Meth-A-bearing mice. As
      effector cells for adoptive immunotherapy, therefore, the PKCs induced by OK-432
      seem to be as effective as, if not better than, lymphokine-activated killer cells
      expanded in vitro by culturing tumor infiltrating lymphocytes with interleukin-2.
      Although the study on surface markers of PKCs did not unequivocally discriminate
      these from lymphokine-activated killer cells, the present findings are considered
      significant indicating that a potent biological response modifier such as OK-432
      can induce pantropic killer cells which are extremely effective in destroying
      various tumor cells in vivo. One of the advantages of OK-432 therapy over
      lymphokine-activated killer cell therapy, therefore, is that the former does not
      require the tedious and time-consuming in vitro procedures which are essential
      for the latter.

PMID- 3390810
TI  - Iron nutrition and tumor growth: decreased tumor growth in iron-deficient mice.
AB  - Groups of 15 mice of three different laboratory strains (BALB/c, C3H/He, DBA/2)
      were fed on a low iron diet (5 mg iron/kg diet), and three similar groups of 15
      mice were maintained on a normal iron diet (312 mg iron/kg diet). When the low
      iron diet group became iron deficient, tumor cells (5 x 10(5) cells/mouse) of
      CA07-A (colon adenocarcinoma), HE129 (hepatoma), and M119 (mammary
      adenocarcinoma) were inoculated s.c. in BALB/c, C3H/He, and DBA/2 mice,
      respectively. All mice developed tumors, tumors grew more slowly, and the mean
      tumor sizes were smaller in the low iron diet group at nearly all weekly
      observations in all three strains of mice. No apparent differences in the
      behavior, activity (e.g., movement, climbing, running, grooming, etc.), and
      appearance were observed between low iron diet and normal iron diet mice. The
      mean body weight of mice at transplantation was less in the low iron than in the
      normal iron groups for the BALB/c strain but higher in the low iron groups of
      C3H/He and DBA/2 mice, indicating that food intake of mice on a low iron diet was
      not impaired. These results suggest that iron nutrition of the host affects tumor
      growth; tumor cells grow better in an iron-rich environment. This knowledge
      should be considered when designing treatment for patients with cancer. Iron
      oversupply in cancer patients might enhance tumor growth and adversely affect
      cancer therapy.

PMID- 3390811
TI  - Comparative developmental and phenotypic properties of altered hepatocyte foci
      and hepatic tumors in rats.
AB  - Previous investigations in this laboratory have provided evidence that
      histochemically detectable altered hepatocyte foci and hepatic tumors appearing
      in rats given a single neonatal treatment with a low dose of carcinogen followed
      by chronic dietary phenobarbital administration are developmentally independent.
      The present investigation further evaluates developmental relationships among
      these lesions. Altered hepatocyte foci were divided into two subclasses
      consisting of foci that were detectable by histochemical as well as by
      hematoxylin-eosin staining [designated hist(+)/morph(+) foci] and those foci that
      were detectable solely by histochemical staining [designated hist(+)/morph(-)
      foci]. The developmental and phenotypic properties of the hist(+)/morph(-) foci,
      hist(+)/morph(+) foci, and hepatic tumors were compared in rats initiated once
      neonatally with different doses of diethylnitrosamine and promoted with dietary
      phenobarbital from weaning. The morph(+) and morph(-) lesion subclasses were
      distinguishable on the basis of several developmental characteristics.
      Hist(+)/morph(+) foci were present at low frequency until at least 150 days after
      initiation. Although the development of hist(+)/morph(-) foci was essentially
      complete at that point, the rate of appearance of hist(+)/morph(+) increased
      significantly. The diethylnitrosamine dose response of the hist(+)/morph(+) foci
      followed the histochemical marker patterns of the tumor lesion class more closely
      than that of the hist(+)/morph(-) group. The rates of expression of the
      hist(+)/morph(+) foci increased with the increasing level of histochemical
      complexity, whereas the rates of expression of the hist(+)/morph(-) foci groups
      were inversely correlated to their complexity level. Although the average focus
      size or diameter in the hist(+)/morph(+) groups was greater than that of the
      hist(+)/morph(-) foci, the focus growth rates of morph(+) and morph(-) subsets
      matched for histochemical phenotype were comparable. The complexity level and
      individual marker distribution patterns of the hist(+)/morph(+) focus class were
      more similar to tumor patterns than to the distribution patterns of the
      hist(+)/morph(-) lesion class. The results suggest the following. (a) The
      development of lesion classes with successively greater deviation from normalcy
      does not occur via lineal progression from less to more deviated forms within a
      given lesion class. The three lesion classes appear to develop independently,
      with the developmental characteristics of each lesion class determined at the
      time of initiation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3390812
TI  - Detection of O6-methyldeoxyguanosine in human placental DNA.
AB  - A monoclonal antibody specific for O6-methyldeoxyguanosine (O6-MedGuo) was
      developed. When used in a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, 50%
      inhibition of binding was achieved with 0.51 pmol O6-MedGuo. When the competitive
      enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was coupled with high-performance liquid
      chromatography, 2 mg of DNA could be analyzed giving a lower limit of detection
      of 0.5 mumol O6-MedGuo/mol deoxyguanosine. This assay was used to test for O6
      MedGuo in DNA from placentas of smoking and nonsmoking women. Two of 10 DNA
      samples from smoking women and three of 10 from nonsmoking women had detectable
      concentrations of O6-MedGuo. Concentrations ranged from 0.6 to 1.6 mumol O6
      MedGuo/mol deoxyguanosine. Activity of O6-alkylguanine DNA alkyltransferase was
      also measured. There was no apparent relationship between O6-alkylguanine DNA
      alkyltransferase activity and O6-MedGuo concentrations in the 20 subjects, nor
      did mean O6-alkylguanine DNA alkyltransferase activity differ between the two
      groups. Although no apparent relationship between smoking history and O6-MedGuo
      concentration was found in this preliminary study, this is the first report of a
      structurally identified DNA adduct in human placenta.

PMID- 3390814
TI  - Effect of cyclophosphamide on the pathophysiology of RIF-1 solid tumors.
AB  - The present experiments were conducted to determine the effects of
      cyclophosphamide (150 mg/kg) on the pathophysiology of RIF-1 solid tumors and to
      determine the temporal relationship between treatment mediated changes in tumor
      vascular physiology, cell proliferation, and chemoresponsiveness in vivo.
      Capillary permeability and plasma and extracellular water volumes were determined
      by a 125I-bovine serum albumin, 51Cr-EDTA double isotope dilution assay at
      various intervals after cyclophosphamide. Tumor blood flow and exchangeable
      erythrocyte vascular volumes were determined by 86RbCl distribution and 51Cr
      labeled erythrocyte dilution methods. Cell proliferation in RIF-1 tumors,
      assessed by [3H]thymidine labeling index and tumor growth fraction (primer
      dependent DNA polymerase labeling assay) measurements, was inhibited for up to 3
      days by cyclophosphamide. Although tumor regrowth was not apparent until Day 10,
      cell kinetic studies indicated proliferative recovery in the surviving cell
      population on Days 4 and 5 after treatment. Increases in tumor blood flow and
      tumor vascular volumes were temporally coincident with this proliferative
      response. In split-dose experiments, the time-dependent increases in the
      chemoresponsiveness of RIF-1 tumors, after cyclophosphamide, may be due not only
      to the increased proliferation of repopulating cells, but also to vascular
      responses attendant with cytoreduction.

PMID- 3390813
TI  - Experimental chemotherapy of human medulloblastoma cell lines and transplantable
      xenografts with bifunctional alkylating agents.
AB  - A series of bifunctional alkylators were tested against the genotypically and
      phenotypically heterogeneous continuous human medulloblastoma cell lines, TE-671,
      Daoy, and D283 Med in vitro and against TE-671 and Daoy growing as s.c. and
      intracranial xenografts in athymic mice. Drugs tested included melphalan,
      cyclophosphamide, iphosphamide, phenylketocyclophosphamide, thiotepa, 1,3-bis(2
      chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (in vivo), and busulfan (in vivo). Melphalan and
      phenylketocyclophosphamide were the most active agents in vitro with drug doses
      at which there is a 90% reduction in the number of colonies in comparison to
      controls of 2.13, 5.29, and 4.72 microM for melphalan and 4.60, 5.01, and 4.34
      microM for phenylketocyclophosphamide against TE-671, D283 Med, and Daoy,
      respectively. Melphalan, cyclophosphamide, iphosphamide,
      phenylketocyclophosphamide, and thiotepa produced significant growth delays
      against s.c. TE-671 and Daoy xenografts, while no activity could be demonstrated
      for 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea or busulfan. Melphalan,
      cyclophosphamide, iphosphamide, and thiotepa also produced significant increases
      in median survival in mice bearing intracranial TE-671 and Daoy xenografts. These
      results extend our previous studies demonstrating the antitumor activity of
      nitrogen and phosphoramide mustard-based bifunctional alkylating agents in the
      treatment of human medulloblastoma continuous cell lines and transplantable
      xenografts, and support the continued use of these agents in clinical trials.

PMID- 3390815
TI  - Factors regulating activation and DNA alkylation by 4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino)-1
      (3-pyridyl)-1-butanone and nitrosodimethylamine in rat lung and isolated lung
      cells, and the relationship to carcinogenicity.
AB  - The molecular dosimetry for O6-methylguanine (O6MG) formation in DNA from rat
      lung and pulmonary cells was compared following treatment for 4 days with
      equimolar doses of 4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), a
      potent pulmonary carcinogen or nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), a weak carcinogen in
      rat lung. The dose response for O6MG formation from NNK was biphasic; the O6MG to
      dose ratio, an index of alkylation efficiency, increased dramatically as the dose
      of carcinogen was decreased. In contrast, the dose-response curve for methylation
      by NDMA appeared opposite of that for NNK with alkylation efficiency increasing
      as a function of dose. These results suggested that high and low Km pathways
      exist for the activation of NNK, whereas only high Km pathways may be involved in
      NDMA activation. Furthermore, DNA methylation by NNK was cell selective with the
      highest levels in the Clara cell, whereas methylation by NDMA was not. DNA
      methylation in the Clara cell was 50-fold greater by NNK than by NDMA at
      equimolar doses (0.005 mmol/kg). Thus, differences in O6MG formation,
      specifically the presence of a high affinity pathway in the Clara cell for
      activation of NNK, may explain why following low dose exposure, NNK is a potent
      pulmonary carcinogen while NDMA is not. Different cytochrome P-450 isozymes also
      appear to be involved in the activation of NNK and NDMA. Inhibition of in vitro
      methylation (with calf thymus DNA and lung microsomes) by antibodies to
      cytochrome P-450 isozymes provided evidence that a homolog of rabbit cytochrome P
      450(2) (cytochrome P-450b) may be important in the activation of NNK in rat lung,
      whereas cytochrome P-450(5) may activate NDMA. A 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p
      dioxin (TCDD)-inducible cytochrome P-450 isozyme (P-450c) may also be involved in
      the activation of NNK but not NDMA. Treatment with TCDD increased both NNK
      activation by pulmonary microsomes and the formation of O6MG in Clara cells and
      type II cells incubated in vitro with NNK. alpha-Naphthoflavone (alpha-NF), a
      specific inhibitor of cytochrome P-450c reversed the increase in methylation by
      TCDD-induced microsomes but did not inhibit in vitro activation of NNK using
      microsomes from untreated rats. However, NNK mediated O6MG formation in Clara
      cells, but not in type II cells incubated with alpha-NF, was decreased by 21%.
      These data indicate that both cytochrome P-450b and P-450c are probably involved
      in the activation of NNK in Clara cells from untreated rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3390816
TI  - Increased ornithine decarboxylase activity in cultured cells exposed to low
      energy modulated microwave fields and phorbol ester tumor promoters.
AB  - Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) is present in all nucleated cells and is the rate
      limiting enzyme for synthesis of polyamines. In turn, the polyamines are required
      for DNA synthesis and cell growth. In Reuber H35 hepatoma cells, we show that ODC
      activity is increased by about 50% during exposure to a 1-h "athermal" (less than
      0.1 degree C temperature rise) (450 MHz, 1.0 mW/cm2 peak-envelope-power)
      microwave field sinusoidally amplitude-modulated at 16 Hz. The increased activity
      of ODC persisted for several hours following the 1-h exposure to the field. A
      similar field amplitude-modulated at 60 and 100 Hz did not alter the hepatoma
      cell ODC activity. The stimulated ODC activity in the cultured cells that
      followed treatment with a phorbol ester tumor promoter (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol
      13-acetate) was further potentiated by prior exposure to the same low energy
      electromagnetic field. This field did not alter either basal or 12-O
      tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-stimulated DNA synthesis. We observed a similar
      increase in the basal ODC activity of cultures of two additional cell lines
      (Chinese hamster ovary; and 294T melanoma) exposed for 1 h to the amplitude
      modulated field. Chinese hamster ovary cells exposed to the radio frequency field
      for 1 h also responded to subsequent treatment with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13
      acetate by exhibiting a further increase in ODC activity. We have observed
      previously that the activity of this enzyme is increased in cultured cells
      following a transient exposure to a 60-Hz electric field. Altered ODC activity
      may serve as a sensitive and specific molecular marker of the transductive
      coupling of weak pericellular electromagnetic fields to biological systems.

PMID- 3390817
TI  - Induction of repair synthesis of DNA in mammary and urinary bladder epithelial
      cells by N-hydroxy derivatives of carcinogenic arylamines.
AB  - Unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS)-inducing activity was used as a parameter to
      estimate the abilities of rat mammary epithelial cells and urothelial cells from
      various species to activate carcinogenic aromatic amine derivatives. The N
      hydroxy, N-hydroxy-N-acetyl, N-hydroxy-N-glucuronosyl derivatives of 2
      aminofluorene (2-AF) and 4-aminobiphenyl (4-ABP) induced UDS in primary cultures
      of rat mammary epithelial cells, but 2-AF, the O-glucuronide of N-hydroxy-N
      acetyl-2-AF (N-OH-AAF) and 4-ABP did not. Neither the activity of N-OH-AAF, N
      hydroxy-N-formyl-2-AF, nor N-acetoxy-N-acetyl-2-AF was significantly altered by
      paraoxon, an inhibitor of microsomal N-deacetylase. Although N-hydroxy-3,2'
      dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl (N-OH-DMABP) also induced UDS, its N-acetyl derivative,
      which can not be activated by intramolecular, N,O-acetyltransfer, did not.
      Similarly, rat urothelial cells were responsive to the UDS-inducing activity of
      this hydroxylamine, but not the hydroxamic acid. In contrast, dog urothelial
      cells were responsive to both compounds. The UDS-inducing activity of N-OH-AAF
      was inhibited by paraoxon in the dog, but not in rat urothelial cells. N-Hydroxy
      N,N'-diacetylbenzidine induced UDS in the urothelial cells of dog, rat, and
      rabbit, and a human urothelial cell line, HCV-29, whereas benzidine, N
      acetylbenzidine, and N,N'-diacetylbenzidine did not. Co-treatment with 12-O
      tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate did not enable benzidine to induce UDS in dog
      urothelial cells. Rat mammary epithelial cells activated N-OH-DMABP by acetyl
      coenzyme A-dependent O-acetylation and N-OH-AAF by N,O-acetyltransfer. They could
      not N-deacetylate N-OH-AAF. These results suggest that rat mammary and bladder
      epithelial cells are capable of activating N-arylhydroxylamine metabolites of
      these carcinogens, probably by N,O-acetyltransfer and O-acetylation, whereas dog
      urothelial cells are more likely to activate these metabolites by N-deacetylation
      and a reaction that has yet to be identified.

PMID- 3390818
TI  - Mechanism of alteration of poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) metabolism by
      hyperthermia.
AB  - The effects of hyperthermia on adenine nucleotide metabolism including NAD and
      poly(ADP-ribose) have been studied in confluent cultures of C3H10T1/2 cells.
      Cells replated immediately following hyperthermic treatment showed only 9%
      survival relative to controls while after a 24-h recovery period at 37 degrees C
      survival was 87% of control. Hyperthermic treatment caused no detectable effect
      on total cellular levels of either NAD or ATP but produced a prolonged increase
      in cellular content of poly(ADP-ribose). Studies of the mechanism of this effect
      show that a major alteration of poly(ADP-ribose) metabolism caused by
      hyperthermia involves a decrease in the rate of turnover of polymers of ADP
      ribose. Normal polymer turnover rates were restored during recovery at 37 degrees
      C even in the presence of cyclohexamide. The results argue that poly(ADP-ribose)
      glycohydrolase activity is reversibly altered by hyperthermia. Inhibition of
      poly(ADP-ribose) synthesis following hyperthermia delays recovery of normal rates
      of protein synthesis and recovery of the ability of the cells to plate and form
      colonies.

PMID- 3390819
TI  - Effect of hyperthermia on poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) glycohydrolase.
AB  - The effects of supranormal temperature on the activity of poly(ADP-ribose)
      glycohydrolase were studied by assaying the enzyme in cell extracts derived from
      cells subjected to hyperthermia and comparing with extracts that were heated in
      vitro. The enzyme activity was reduced by both hyperthermic treatment of cells
      and by heating of cell extracts; however greater reductions were observed when
      intact cells were subjected to hyperthermia. The additional reduction observed
      when intact cells were heated was reversed when cells were allowed to recover at
      37 degrees C following hyperthermia. We postulate that hyperthermia alters
      poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase activity by two mechanisms, an irreversible
      thermal denaturation of the enzyme and a reversible metabolic alteration. Changes
      in poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase activity can account in full for the observed
      alterations of poly(ADP-ribose) metabolism that occur following hyperthermia.

PMID- 3390820
TI  - Important role of serotonin in the antitumor effects of recombinant human tumor
      necrosis factor-alpha in mice.
AB  - The possible involvement of chemical mediator(s) in the induction of the
      antitumor effects of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-alpha (rTNF-alpha)
      on Meth A fibrosarcoma (Meth A) in mice was studied. On day 7 after intradermal
      implantation of Meth A in mice, rTNF-alpha caused tumor necrosis and inhibited
      the tumor growth. Ketanserin, cyproheptadine, and spiperone [serotonin (5-HT)
      receptor blockers] inhibited or attenuated the antitumor effects of rTNF-alpha,
      but the other types of receptor blockers tested (histamine H1 and H2, adrenaline
      alpha and beta, dopamine, and acetylcholine receptor blockers) did not. The large
      i.v. doses of 5-HT caused tumor necrosis and inhibited tumor growth in mice when
      given i.v. on day 7 but not when given on day 3 after Meth A implantation, which
      effects closely resemble those of rTNF-alpha. Its anti-tumor effects were
      completely inhibited by the 5-HT receptor blockers. 5-HT, like rTNF-alpha, showed
      no cytotoxicity against in vitro cultured Meth A cells. The results suggest that
      5-HT is, at least in part, important for the induction of antitumor effects of
      rTNF-alpha on Meth A in mice.

PMID- 3390821
TI  - Comparative tumorigenicity of 1-nitropyrene, 1-nitrosopyrene, and 1-aminopyrene
      administered by gavage to Sprague-Dawley rats.
AB  - The carcinogenic activities of 1-nitropyrene, a mutagenic component of diesel
      exhaust, and its reduced derivatives 1-nitrosopyrene and 1-aminopyrene were
      evaluated in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. Within 24 h of birth, groups of
      22-36 rats were treated by gavage with trioctanoin or the appropriate compound in
      trioctanoin once weekly for 16 weeks. The approximate total doses per rat were as
      follows: 1-nitropyrene, high dose (800 mumol); 1-nitropyrene, low dose (320
      mumol); 1-nitrosopyrene (320 mumol); 1-aminopyrene (320 mumol). The experiment
      was terminated after 94 weeks. The main site of tumor induction was the mammary
      glands of female rats. Percentages of incidences of mammary adenocarcinomas in
      female rats were as follows: 1-nitropyrene, high dose (63%); 1-nitropyrene, low
      dose (42%); 1-nitrosopyrene (19%); 1-aminopyrene (4%) trioctanoin (3%). These
      incidences were significantly greater than those of controls for the female rats
      treated with either 1-nitropyrene or 1-nitrosopyrene. Low and generally
      insignificant incidences of tumors of a variety of other sites were also observed
      in rats treated with 1-nitropyrene. The induction of mammary tumors by 1
      nitropyrene confirms the results of a previous study (Hirose et al., Cancer Res.,
      44: 1158-1162, 1984). The present results also demonstrate that, under the
      conditions of this bioassay, 1-nitropyrene was significantly more carcinogenic
      than either 1-nitrosopyrene or 1-aminopyrene.

PMID- 3390822
TI  - Oxidative metabolism of 1-nitropyrene by rabbit liver microsomes and purified
      microsomal cytochrome P-450 isozymes.
AB  - Rabbit liver (male) microsomal metabolism of 10 microM [4,5,9,10-3H]-1
      nitropyrene (1NP) was investigated. The total metabolism was not appreciably
      different with rates of 4.44 +/- 0.45, 3.98 +/- 0.19, 3.90 +/- 0.16, and 3.75 +/-
      0.27 nmol/min/mg protein, respectively, for microsomes from phenobarbital,
      Aroclor-1254, ethanol-treated, and untreated rabbits. However, a more noticeable
      difference was found in the formation of specific metabolites. Phenobarbital
      treatment induced changes which favored 1-nitropyrene-3-ol formation, and Aroclor
      1254 and ethanol-induced changes which favored 1-nitropyren-6-ol and 1-nitropyren
      8-ol formation. 1NP was incubated with untreated microsomes and alpha
      naphthoflavone, an inhibitor of rabbit cytochrome P-450 form 6 at low
      concentrations (less than 1 microM), and an activator of form 3c at high
      concentrations. The presence of alpha-naphthoflavone changed the profile of
      metabolites while not affecting the total metabolism. Using purified isozymes of
      rabbit P-450, we found the constitutive form 3b metabolized 1NP at the highest
      rate with a catalytic activity of 26.8 nmol/min/nmol P-450. Forms 2 and 6
      exhibited rates of 2 and 2.2 nmol/min/nmol P-450. Forms 3a, 3c, and 4 had rates
      about 50- to 300-fold lower than form 3b. High performance liquid chromatography
      was used to identify the metabolites when the incubations were carried out in the
      presence of purified rabbit epoxide hydrolase. With form 6, 54% of the
      metabolites were accounted for as 1-nitropyren-3-ol, while with form 3b, 73% of
      the metabolites were 1-nitropyren-6-ol and 1-nitropyren-8-ol. The K-region
      dihydrodiols were formed by forms 2 and 3b, but not by forms 3c or 6. These
      results demonstrate that 1NP is a preferential substrate for form 3b, and that a
      preponderance of the metabolism with untreated rabbit liver microsomes can be
      attributed to this isozyme.

PMID- 3390823
TI  - Effect of thymidine on uptake, DNA alkylation, and DNA repair in L1210 cells
      treated with 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea or 3'-[3-(2-chloroethyl)-3
      nitrosoureido]-3'-deoxythymidine.
AB  - In order to define the mechanism for the enhancement by thymidine (dThd) of the
      antitumor activity of 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) and 3'-[3-(2
      chloroethyl)-3-nitrosoureido]-3'-deoxythymidine (3'-CTNU) in mice, we have
      investigated the effect(s) of dThd on the uptake of nitrosourea by L1210 cells in
      culture, DNA alkylation, and repair of the alkyl lesion. Using a rapid
      centrifugation technique through silicone:paraffin oil, we observe a 1.3- and 1.5
      fold increase in the uptake of radioactivity from 0.1 mM [chloroethyl-14C]BCNU in
      the presence of a 5- and 25-fold excess of dThd, respectively. Similarly, an
      enhancement of DNA alkylation was observed upon treatment of L1210 cells for up
      to 3 h with 0.1 mM [chloroethyl-14C]BCNU from 70 pmol 14C/mg DNA in control to
      85, 95, and 120 pmol 14C/mg DNA with equimolar 5- and 25-fold excess dThd,
      respectively. No effect of dThd on the uptake of 0.1 mM [chloroethyl-14C]-3'-CTNU
      was observed, although a small increase in DNA alkylation at 3 h was evident. DNA
      repair, as measured by the amount of radioactivity remaining associated with the
      DNA after an initial 2-h treatment with labeled BCNU was largely unaffected by
      dThd. Although dThd appears to enhance the cellular uptake of BCNU and the
      alkylation of DNA by both BCNU and 3'-CTNU, dealkylative repair proceeds
      unhindered in the presence of dThd.

PMID- 3390824
TI  - Influence of dietary fat, caloric restriction, and voluntary exercise on N
      nitrosomethylurea-induced mammary tumorigenesis in rats.
AB  - The effect of dietary fat, energy restriction, and exercise on N
      nitrosomethylurea (NMU:CAS:684-93-5)-induced mammary tumorigenesis in female F344
      rats was investigated. Rats were fed the NIH-07 diet until N-nitrosomethylurea
      administration on Day 50 of age, when they were transferred to six treatment
      groups. Three sedentary groups were fed either high-fat (20%, w/w), medium-fat
      (10%), or low-fat (5%) diets ad libitum (HFAL, MFAL, LFAL, respectively); two
      sedentary groups were fed high fat and medium fat diets restricted to 75% of the
      food consumed by their ad libitum counterparts (HFR, MFR), and one group was fed
      a HFAL diet but allowed free access to an activity wheel (HFEX). Tumor yields
      among the three ad libitum sedentary groups were significantly greater in the
      HFAL and MFAL groups when compared to the LFAL group. Dietary restriction reduced
      tumor yields by more than 90% of ad libitum controls regardless of fat intake.
      Voluntary exercise reduced tumor yields and delayed time of tumor appearance in
      HFEX animals to levels similar to those found in LFAL animals. Animals with
      voluntary access to exercise wheels averaged between 1.03 and 2.85 miles/day,
      consumed more food (+18%), and exhibited greater weight gain (+13%) than their
      sedentary counterparts. Restricted animals exhibited significantly decreased body
      weight gains (-15%) compared to their ad libitum counterparts, but no differences
      in weight gains were detected among the HFAL, MFAL, and LFAL groups, despite
      widely varying amounts of fat intake. Body composition studies indicated that
      body fat content was not influenced by the quantity of fat consumed in the diet,
      but was significantly reduced by caloric restriction (-20 to 26%) and exercise (
      20%). While the precise mechanisms underlying the tumor-promoting effects of HFAL
      diets and the antipromoting effects of energy restriction and exercise remain to
      be elucidated, available evidence suggests that these effects are not due to
      alterations in energy homeostasis per se, but may instead be exerted indirectly,
      and perhaps independently via endocrine, paracrine, or neurohormonal mechanisms.

PMID- 3390825
TI  - Flow cytometric analysis by bromodeoxyuridine/DNA assay of cell cycle
      perturbation of methotrexate-treated mouse L1210 leukemia cells.
AB  - The in vitro effects of methotrexate (MTX) on cell cycle progression and DNA
      synthesis of L1210 leukemia cells were studied by the bromodeoxyuridine
      (BrdUrd)/DNA analysis technique. Low dose (10(-8) M) MTX, which slightly inhibits
      clonal replication of the cells, delays progress across the S phase, and
      treatment for 24 h results in a slight increase of the S-phase population. Much
      higher doses (10(-7) M and 10(-6) M) of MTX, which strongly reduce the
      clonogenicity, prevented the progression of cells at the G1-S boundary and across
      the S phase, but not in the other phases. The cells arrested at the G1-S boundary
      were able to incorporate BrdUrd in the medium for 6-12 h after the start of
      treatment and then lost the ability to incorporate BrdUrd. By determining the
      colony inhibitory activity of MTX, it could be shown that not only S-phase cells
      but non-S-phase cells are susceptible to cytotoxicity of MTX. MTX-induced S-phase
      arrest is closely associated with an alteration in the distribution of BrdUrd
      labeled cells, and MTX apparently inhibits BrdUrd incorporation into L1210 cells
      as the dose and duration of treatment increase. These results suggest that MTX
      induced cell cycle perturbation is related to inhibition of DNA synthesis.

PMID- 3390826
TI  - Indistinguishable patterns of protooncogene expression in two distinct but
      closely related tumors: Ewing's sarcoma and neuroepithelioma.
AB  - Genetic characterization of human tumors promises new insights of biological
      importance and clinical relevance. We have found that two solid tumors,
      peripheral neuroepithelioma and Ewing's sarcoma of bone, which share a common
      cytogenetic rearrangement, are characterized by an indistinguishable and highly
      reproducible pattern of protooncogene expression. c-myc, N-myc, c-myb, and c
      mil/raf-1 are all expressed at similar levels in these tumors. c-fes and c-sis
      expression was not detected in any specimens of either tumor. In contrast, the
      protooncogene c-ets-1, located near the breakpoint of the chromosomal
      translocation in these tumors, is variable in its expression. We also detected
      high levels of choline acetyltransferase in these tumors, which suggests a common
      neural origin. Since it is likely that the clinical behavior and therapeutic
      responsiveness of tumors relate closely to their biological and genetic features,
      the pattern of protooncogene expression of individual tumors may provide a novel
      basis for their characterization.

PMID- 3390827
TI  - Metastatic potential prediction by a visual grading system of cell motility:
      prospective validation in the Dunning R-3327 prostatic adenocarcinoma model.
AB  - A method for accurate prediction of prognosis in individual patients with
      prostatic carcinoma does not exist. The limitations of pathological grading
      systems may result from the failure of standard pathological examination of fixed
      dead tissue to accurately assess the biological and metastatic behavior of live
      tumor cells. Many of the sublines of the Dunning R-3327 rat prostatic
      adenocarcinoma are histologically similar yet differ in metastatic potential.
      Cells from the Dunning model were grown in culture and filmed by time-lapse
      videomicroscopy. These cells exhibited characteristic membrane ruffling,
      pseudopodal extension, and cellular translation that could be graded with 80%
      reproducibility. Individual cells from sublines with high metastatic potential
      were separated from cells from sublines of low metastatic potential in 96% of
      cases. We have applied our cell motility grading system to prospectively classify
      the metastatic potential of neoplastic cells. The mean motility grades of
      sublines of high and low metastatic potential differed significantly (Mann
      Whitney-Wilcoxon, P less than 0.0005). Among seven sublines in which the grading
      system was developed, individual cells were correctly classified as high or low
      metastatic in 71% of cases by ruffling or pseudopodal extension, 73% of cases by
      translation, and 75% of cases by motility index, an average of the three
      parameters of motility. Among four newly tested sublines, cells from a low
      metastatic and high metastatic sublines were perfectly classified. Cells from two
      other low metastatic sublines were misclassified. When all 88 cells from the 11
      sublines were classified, high metastatic cells were detected with 94%
      sensitivity and 50% specificity. The predictive value of a determination of low
      metastatic was 93%, whereas the predictive value of an assignment of high
      metastatic was 52%. The ability to detect and accurately classify most highly
      metastatic cells while rarely erring in a classification of low metastatic
      potential suggests that a grading system of cancer cell motility should be
      evaluated in human prostatic carcinoma. The motility of live prostatic carcinoma
      cells may predict patient prognosis better than standard pathological grading
      systems.

PMID- 3390828
TI  - Localization and imaging of radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies against colorectal
      carcinoma in tumor-bearing nude mice.
AB  - Four monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) (35, 115, 17-1A, and B72.3) directed towards
      human carcinoma surface antigens have been studied in athymic nude mice with
      LS174T, CO112, or SW948 colon carcinoma xenografts or negative control melanoma
      (MEL-1), lymphoma (Namalwa), and breast (MCF-7) carcinoma xenografts to evaluate
      the effects of antigenic heterogeneity and time after administration on
      localization and imaging. 125I-labeled 115 showed the highest uptake of any
      antibody in LS174T tumors. MoAbs 35 and B72.3 showed similar but lower levels of
      uptake in LS174T and CO112 tumors, but B72.3 concentrated less in SW948 tumors.
      17-1A showed the highest degree of accumulation in SW948 tumor xenografts. No
      specific uptake of the four anti-carcinoma MoAbs was observed in MEL-1, Namalwa,
      or MCF-7 xenografts. The specificity of the in vivo tumor localization of the
      four anti-carcinoma MoAbs was confirmed by the low degree of accumulation of a
      control MoAb against influenza virus in LS174T tumors. Imaging studies with 131I
      labeled colorectal cancer MoAbs showed specific uptake and retention in LS174T
      tumors, with progressive clearance from the whole body. The colorectal cancer
      MoAbs were compared for immunohistochemical binding against biopsies from
      patients with colorectal cancer and adjacent normal colonic tissue. Most
      colorectal cancer specimens showed moderate to strong staining with the four
      MoAbs. The percentage of positive cells varied within and between tumors
      demonstrating antigenic heterogeneity. Absent to slight focal staining was seen
      with normal colon tissue. B72.3 showed the highest degree of staining
      specificity. This study indicates a difference in the immunohistochemical binding
      of a panel of MoAbs against biopsies of colon adenocarcinoma and a dependence of
      in vivo localization on the human colon cancer cell line used as target. This has
      important implications for future clinical diagnostic and therapeutic studies.

PMID- 3390829
TI  - In situ hybridization analysis of acquisition and loss of the human multidrug
      resistance gene.
AB  - The extent of multidrug-resistance of human KB carcinoma cell lines has been
      shown to be proportional to the level of expression of the MDR1 gene. Using an in
      situ hybridization analysis with 35S-labeled RNA probes, we have found that there
      is some heterogeneity in expression of the MDR1 gene from cell to cell, but that
      the average level of expression is proportional to the resistance of the cell
      line. In the absence of selective pressure, a colchicine-selected multidrug
      resistant population with a highly amplified MDR1 gene loses its resistance in
      parallel with the loss of the amplified gene. Loss of resistance also parallels a
      decrease in MDR1 RNA expression in the whole cell population. Loss of MDR1
      expression in this population is highly heterogeneous, with small clusters of
      cells maintaining expression even after the population as a whole has become
      relatively sensitive. This heterogenous loss of expression of the MDR1 gene is
      consistent with random segregation of amplified DNA segments in the selected
      cells. The analysis of MDR1 RNA expression by in situ hybridization which is
      validated by this study should be useful in the study of normal human tissue and
      tumor samples expressing the MDR1 gene.

PMID- 3390830
TI  - Genetic instability and the development of steroid hormone insensitivity in
      cultured T 47D human breast cancer cells.
AB  - The estrogen receptor (ER)-positive human breast cancer cell line T 47D exhibited
      genetic instability under cell culture conditions which maintained almost
      continuous exponential growth. This resulted in the spontaneous generation of
      three ER-positive sublines with a range of DNA ploidies and distinctive
      phenotypes. One of these sublines, T 47D-5, exhibited resistance to the growth
      inhibitory effects of the synthetic nonsteroidal antiestrogen tamoxifen and the
      synthetic progestin ORG 2058, in marked contrast to "wild type" T 47D cells
      (designated T 47D-7 in this study). T 47D-5 cells were cloned by limiting
      dilution and 11 clonal cell lines were tested for sensitivity to tamoxifen.
      Although all clones of T 47D-5 were significantly less sensitive than T 47D-7
      cells, a spectrum of sensitivities was observed. Three clones, T 47D-5-13, T 47D
      5-21, and T 47D-5-23, were further characterized by measuring the concentrations
      of receptors for estrogen, progesterone, growth hormone, and epidermal growth
      factor and responses to estradiol, tamoxifen, and progestin, in terms of both
      induction of specific proteins and effects on cellular proliferation. Although
      the T 47D-5 subline and clone T 47D-5-23 were insensitive to both the growth
      stimulatory effects of estradiol and the inhibitory effects of tamoxifen, this
      was not related to the concentration of ER or its ability to induce progesterone
      receptor. Estrogen receptor levels were similar in resistant and sensitive clones
      of T 47D-5 [70,000-81,000 sites/cell] and were 2.5-fold greater than in the
      sensitive T 47D-7 line [32,600 +/- 5,000 (SEM) sites/cell]. Northern blots showed
      no difference in the size of ER mRNA transcripts between sensitive and resistant
      clones. Estradiol treatment increased progesterone receptor (PR) levels in all
      cell lines but the magnitude and sensitivity of this response were unrelated to
      growth responses indicating a divergence in estrogenic control of cellular
      proliferation and specific protein synthesis within these clones. T 47D-5, T 47D
      5-13, T 47D-5-21, and T 47D-5-23 were all insensitive to the growth-inhibitory
      effects of ORG 2058. The progestin was also unable to increase lactogenic and
      epidermal growth factor receptor concentrations in these four lines in contrast
      to the response in T 47D-7 cells. The insensitivity to progestin in the T 47D-5
      subline and its three clonal cell lines could be accounted for, in part, by a 75
      80% reduction in PR levels when compared with T 47D-7 cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3390831
TI  - Preclinical studies on the pharmacokinetic properties of human monoclonal
      antibodies to colorectal cancer and their use for detection of tumors.
AB  - We studied the pharmacokinetic properties of two human monoclonal antibodies to
      colon carcinoma cells and their ability to detect tumors in nude mice bearing
      primary human colon carcinoma xenografts. The 16-88 and 28A32 monoclonal
      antibodies are immunoglobulin M class human antibodies produced by cell lines
      derived from peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with colon carcinoma. The
      patients received an autologous tumor cell vaccine as part of an active specific
      immunotherapy protocol. The 125I-labeled antibodies were cleared from the
      circulation of non-tumor-bearing and tumor-bearing nude mice with a 6-8-h half
      life. The half-life of the antibodies in tumor tissue was 48 to 72 h compared to
      8 to 12 h for normal tissues. Tumor:normal tissue ratios were highest 4 to 7 days
      postinjection with tumor:blood ratios of 12:1 for 16-88 and 10:1 for 28A32
      antibody. Experiments with a control human immunoglobulin M myeloma protein
      confirmed the specificity of the human monoclonal antibodies.
      Radioimmunoscintigraphic studies using nude mice bearing contralateral antibody
      reactive and nonreactive colon tumor xenografts further confirmed that the
      antibodies specifically localized in tumor tissues. The antibody-reactive tumors
      were clearly visible by radioimmunoscintigraphy within 4 days of injection. These
      experiments, undertaken as a preliminary step to clinical trials, demonstrated
      for the first time that i.v. administered human immunoglobulin M monoclonal
      antibodies could be taken up by human colon tumor tissue and retained to a
      sufficient extent to easily permit tumor detection by external
      radioimmunoscintigraphy. These studies also demonstrated that the nude mouse
      human colon tumor xenograft model is a useful in vivo system for comparison
      studies of human monoclonal antibodies as part of a selection process for
      clinical trials and for evaluating immunoconjugates containing these antibodies
      for relative pharmacokinetic properties and potential diagnostic or therapeutic
      efficacy.

PMID- 3390832
TI  - Immunoglobulin G3 monoclonal antibody directed to Tn antigen (tumor-associated
      alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminyl epitope) that does not cross-react with blood group
      A antigen.
AB  - An IgG3 monoclonal antibody (CU-1) directed to the Tn glycoprotein antigen, which
      does not cross-react with blood group A antigen, has been established after
      immunization of mice with a purified Tn antigen, followed by selection of
      hybridomas secreting antibodies with the desired specificity. The antibody
      binding with Tn antigen was inhibited by monosaccharide N-acetylgalactosamine (a
      mixture of alpha and beta anomers) and specifically by p-nitrophenyl-alpha-D-N
      acetylgalactosaminide but not by p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-N-acetylgalactosaminide,
      and the antibody binding was competitively inhibited by an IgM anti-Tn antibody
      NCC-LU-81. The antibody was not reactive with blood group A antigen, in contrast
      to previously reported anti-Tn antibodies which showed various degrees of cross
      reactivity. Immunoperoxidase staining of various tumors and normal tissues with
      CU-1 showed a strong preferential or specific staining of sections from various
      cancer tissues over normal counterpart tissues, except for goblet cells in colon
      and some mammary gland epithelia. The positive staining in cancer and normal
      tissues was independent of the blood group ABH status of the host. Among various
      human cell lines tested, a number of cancer cell lines showed various degrees of
      antibody binding activity, although the binding did not correlate with the
      pathohistological type of the tumor cell lines. The intensity of antibody binding
      to cells was not proportional to the susceptibility of cells to the antibody
      dependent cytotoxicity.

PMID- 3390833
TI  - Multiparametric evaluation (SAMBA) of growth fraction (monoclonal Ki67) in breast
      carcinoma tissue sections.
AB  - Breast tissue samples, including normal breast, nonmalignant disorders, and
      breast carcinomas (n = 257), were tested with monoclonal antibody Ki67 to define
      the growth fraction in each tissue subgroup. Immunocytochemical assays using anti
      Ki67 and avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex and/or alkaline phosphatase anti
      alkaline phosphatase were applied in frozen sections. The immunoreactions were
      analyzed with a computerized system of image analysis referred to as SAMBA
      (Systeme d'Analyse Microphotometrique a Balayage Automatique). This system
      permitted a multiparametric and automatized analysis of colored images. The
      results obtained were: (a) the SAMBA analysis of Ki67-positive staining was
      accurate, reliable, and reproducible; (b) the anti-Ki67 immunostaining was
      significantly (P less than 0.01) increased in malignancies and was related to the
      tumors' degree of differentiation, the vascular invasion, and the presence of
      axillary lymph node metastases; (c) anti-Ki67 immunostaining is increased (P less
      than 0.01) in tumors in which estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor
      antigenic sites are not detected. It is concluded that the SAMBA analysis of the
      anti-Ki67 immunocytochemical assay provides relevant information in selecting
      subgroups of patients with higher risk for relapse.

PMID- 3390834
TI  - Extrapulmonary, tissue-specific metastasis formation in nude mice injected with
      FEMX-I human melanoma cells.
AB  - FEMX-I human malignant melanoma cells, originating from a lymph node metastasis
      in a patient, uniquely and selectively produced extrapulmonary metastases after
      i.v. injection of cells prepared from xenografts into adult, nude mice. After a
      lag time of approximately 50 days, metastases were observed in s.c. sites at the
      back and front of the neck, and in axilla and inguinal regions. Tumor colony
      formation in lungs were never detected. The interscapular tumors showed a close
      relationship to brown fat, partly infiltrating this tissue, whereas the other
      s.c. tumors seemed to be localized to lymph nodes. Mesenterial and mediastinal
      lymph node metastases were frequently found, together with retroperitoneal tumors
      along the spine. The normal cells of the adrenal medulla were often replaced by
      melanoma cells, whereas the cortical tissue was not affected. The conclusion that
      FEMX-I cells possess an inherent ability for tissue-specific metastasis formation
      is supported by the metastatic pattern seen after i.p. and intrasplenic
      injection, as well as after inoculation of the cells in the footpads of the mice.
      The relatively slowly growing FEMX-I tumors showed the same differentiated
      morphology as the patient's tumor, independent of the site of growth and the
      number of passages in the animals. The FEMX-I tumor was easily established as a
      cell line in vitro. Such cells showed a strongly reduced metastatic capacity,
      indicating that the in vitro growth conditions had induced alterations in the
      FEMX-I cells influencing their ability to form site-specific metastases, changes
      that were shown to be reversible. It is suggested that structures on the surface
      of the tumor cells, as well as growth factors in the host tissues, may be of
      importance for the observed tissue specificity. The FEMX-I melanoma, which, as a
      human tumor in nude mice, has a unique metastatic pattern, offers possibilities
      for investigating mechanisms involved in site-specific metastasis formation, as
      well as for testing effects of antimetastatic, chemotherapeutic, and
      immunotherapeutic agents against human extrapulmonary micro- and macrometastases.

PMID- 3390835
TI  - Colorectal cancer risk, chronic illnesses, operations, and medications: case
      control results from the Melbourne Colorectal Cancer Study.
AB  - The associations between colorectal cancer risk and several chronic illnesses,
      operations, and various medications were examined in 715 colorectal cancer cases
      and 727 age/sex-matched controls in data derived from a large, comprehensive,
      population-based study of this cancer conducted in Melbourne, Australia. There
      was a statistically significant deficit among cases of hypertension, heart
      disease, stroke, chronic chest disease, and chronic arthritis and a statistically
      significant excess of "hemorrhoids" among cases, and all of these differences
      were consistent for both colon and rectal cancer and for both males and females.
      Although no statistically significant differences were found for other cancers,
      there were twice as many breast cancers among cases (16) than among controls and
      also there were 9 uterine cancers among cases and only 2 among controls. There
      was a statistically significant deficit among cases in the use of aspirin
      containing medication and vitamin supplements, and this was consistent for both
      colon and rectal cancer and for both males and females. There was a statistically
      significant excess of large bowel polypectomy among cases. The modeling of these
      significant associations simultaneously in a logistic regression equation
      indicated that hypertension, heart disease, chronic arthritis, and aspirin use
      were each independent effects and consistent for both colon and rectal cancer for
      both males and females and also that these effects were independent of dietary
      risk factors previously described in the Melbourne study. The possible relevance
      of these findings towards an understanding of colorectal cancer risk and etiology
      is discussed.

PMID- 3390836
TI  - Bladder cancer in relation to cigarette smoking.
AB  - The importance of smoking-related variables in the development of bladder cancer
      was examined in data from a hospital-based case-control study of 1316 male and
      505 female cases, and 3940 male and 1504 female age-matched controls interviewed
      in 20 hospitals from 9 United States cities between 1969 and 1984. For male
      current smokers, odds ratios for number of cigarettes smoked per day (cpd)
      increased to approximately 2.5 for smokers of more than 20 cpd, after adjustment
      for duration and nonsmoking-related covariates. Above 20 cpd, no further increase
      in odds ratio was observed. In females, the adjusted odds ratios showed no
      significant effect of increasing cpd level. In males, the odds ratios for
      duration increased from 1.18 (0.52-2.72) in those who smoke for less than 20
      years to 2.31 (1.65-3.24) in those who smoked for greater than 40 years. In
      females, the corresponding odds ratios were 0.97 (0.27-3.44) and 1.62 (1.00
      2.62). The results did not suggest an increased risk with early age at start of
      smoking in either sex. Ex-cigarette smokers, as a whole, had reduced odds ratios
      for bladder cancer, but the extent of the reduction was similar in short-term and
      longer-term quitters. The findings of this investigations support an association
      between smoking and bladder cancer. The pattern of risk associated with cpd and
      duration among current smokers and the early decline in risk associated with
      quitting are discussed in relation to possible mechanisms of bladder
      carcinogenesis.

PMID- 3390837
TI  - Immunospecific saturable clearance mechanisms for indium-111-labeled anti
      melanoma monoclonal antibody 96.5 in humans.
AB  - Liver uptake of 111In-labeled monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) remains a significant
      problem in radioimaging studies to date. To determine if the observed liver
      uptake of an 111In-labeled anti-melanoma antibody 96.5 (111In-96.5) was dependent
      on the presence of hepatic antigen or on recognition of circulating murine
      antibody, escalating doses of an unlabeled nonimmunoreactive MoAb (NIR-MoAb) were
      administered to 18 patients with metastatic malignant melanoma either 1 or 24 h
      prior to an infusion of 1 mg of 111In-96.5. The number of metastases imaged,
      pharmacokinetics, and the ratio of radioactivity (expressed as average
      counts/pixel) in liver (L), spleen (S), bone (B), and kidney (K) compared to
      blood pool (heart = H) were examined. Results were prospectively compared with
      data from six patients who received immunoreactive unlabeled 96.5 prior to 111In
      96.5. Increasing dose or changes in the preinfusion time of NIR-MoAb had no
      significant effect on the biodistribution of 111In-96.5. In contrast, patients
      who received unlabeled, immunoreactive 96.5 prior to 111In-96.5 infusion
      demonstrated a significant drop [P less than 0.001] in the liver/heart ratio of
      radioactivity [2.81 +/- 0.35 (SEM)] compared to patients receiving the identical
      dose of NIR-MoAb [10.35 +/- 1.33]. Significant decreases in spleen/heart and
      bone/heart ratios were also observed. Pharmacokinetic studies showed that the
      volume of distribution (Vd) and the plasma t1/2 both decreased when 96.5 was
      administered compared to NIR-MoAb. In addition, a 4-fold increase in
      concentration X time was obtained after 96.5 antibody was administered compared
      to NIR-MoAb. More metastases were imaged in patients receiving preinfusions of
      96.5 (23 of 28) than in patients receiving NIR-MoAb (10 of 18; P less than 0.05).
      Although tissue distribution of 111In-labeled antibody can be ascribed to
      nonspecific organ clearance of murine antibodies, a substantial component of
      tissue disposition of antibody 96.5 was shown to be a consequence of specific
      clearance of immunoreactive antibody which may cross-react with tissue antigens.

PMID- 3390839
TI  - Quantitative carcinogenesis in relation to human exposures.
AB  - While carcinogenic potency cannot be expressed in absolute terms, quantitative
      carcinogenesis nevertheless plays an important role both in assessing cancer
      risks and in devising effective methods of cancer prevention. Attention is drawn
      to newer methods of prevention based on interference with the carcinogenic
      process, which is likely to counterbalance, or even to reverse, the anticipated
      trend of increased cancer incidence resulting from new carcinogens introduced in
      our environment.

PMID- 3390838
TI  - Acodazole hydrochloride: phase I trial, pharmacokinetics, and evaluation of
      cardiotoxicity in dogs.
AB  - Acodazole (NSC 305884) was examined in a Phase I trial evaluating a 1-h infusion
      repeated every 21 days in 37 patients with advanced carcinomas. Cardiac toxicity
      was dose-limiting at 1370 mg/m2, manifested as multiple premature ventricular
      contractions, QTc interval prolongation, and decreasing heart rate. Other
      toxicities included mild to moderate nausea and vomiting and local reaction near
      the i.v. injection site requiring the use of central venous catheters.
      Antineoplastic activity was not observed. Acodazole levels assayed by high
      performance liquid chromatography disclosed a peak plasma level of 19 +/- 4 (SEM)
      micrograms/ml for 1370 mg/m2. Acodazole plasma levels decreased in a triphasic
      manner over a 100-fold range. The volume of distribution at steady state was 238
      +/- 18 liter/m2 suggesting extensive tissue binding. The total body clearance was
      13.6 +/- 0.9 liter/h/m2; the percentage of urinary excretion was 29 +/- 2% for 48
      h. To evaluate cardiac toxicity, acodazole was administered to five dogs at 2262
      mg/m2 (1-h infusion) which provided plasma concentrations similar to those
      achieved at 1370 mg/m2 in humans. Consistent findings in dogs were drug-related
      prolongation of QTc intervals, and reduction in heart rate, left ventricular
      dP/dt, and mean blood pressures. Clinical development of acodazole requires
      studies to further elucidate and alleviate this cardiac toxicity.

PMID- 3390840
TI  - Possible correlation between tumor invasiveness and low serum cholesterol.
AB  - The predisposition to solid tumor of individuals with low serum cholesterol may
      correlate with membrane properties of the emerging neoplastic cells. Evidence is
      presented to indicate that cholesterol content in the membrane of tumor cells is
      adjusted with respect to the serum cholesterol. Upon incorporation of
      cholesterol, tumor cells, which are exemplified here by colon and gastric
      carcinoma cells, become substantially more immunogenic and therefore more
      susceptible to clearance by the immune system.

PMID- 3390841
TI  - Routine clinical application of the lymphocyte fluorescence polarization test for
      malignant disease.
AB  - The technique of Lymphocyte Fluorescence Polarization (LFP) can confirm or
      exclude the presence of malignant disease. The results from tests on a total of
      566 subjects showed a false-positive rate of 3.8% and a false-negative rate of
      2.2%. The LFP test has been used as an aid in the differential diagnosis of
      patients whose symptoms are not typical of primary or recurrent malignant
      disease. In over 40 such cases there has been total agreement between the LFP
      results and subsequent clinical or pathological investigations. The LFP Test has
      been used to monitor the response of cancer patients to various therapeutic
      regimes. Ovarian cancer patients giving negative LFP results after treatment with
      Cisplatin have been found free of disease at laparotomy, indicating that LFP may
      be an acceptable alternative to the surgical investigation. The LFP test has been
      shown to provide information of much value in the management of patients with
      malignant disease.

PMID- 3390842
TI  - Collagen fiber formation and proliferation as a mechanism of cancer prevention
      and regression induced by extract from Mycobacterium tuberculosis: correlation
      between clinical observation and animal experiments.
AB  - Administration of polysaccharides extracted from human Mycobacterium tuberculosis
      bacilli, Aoyama B strain (SSM) produced regression of breast cancer in 2 women.
      Biopsies of tumor nodules from these patients revealed intense proliferation of
      collagen fibers from the stromal cells. SSM apparently promoted the proliferation
      and maturation of collagen fibers from the stromal cells and matrix destroyed by
      tumor infiltration. Transplantation of human tumor cell lines into athymic mice
      resulted in the formation of collagen fibers surrounding the cancer cells. SSM
      promoted the proliferation and maturation of collagen fibers encasing the tumor
      cells. The intensity of collagen fiber formation varied with the kind of cancer
      cells used. The degree of proliferation of collagen fibers correlated with the
      antitumor effects of SSM. There was hardly any migration of lymphocytes,
      monocytes, and macrophages in the affected sites. It is interpreted that SSM
      stimulates the proliferation and maturation of collagen fibers in the host as a
      major mechanism of its antitumor property. When examined by circular dichroism
      this proliferation was found to be dependent upon changes in the molecular
      structure of the substances which make up the cell membrane. Fibronectin was
      presumed to be important among these substances.

PMID- 3390843
TI  - Plasma sialyltransferase as a tumor marker.
AB  - Neoplastic transformations are accompanied by an alteration in the composition of
      cell membrane glycoproteins, major structural components of the cell surface.
      Plasma sialyltransferase enzyme is involved in the transfer of sialic acid
      residues from cytosine monophosphate (CMP) sialic acid to a suitable acceptor. In
      the present study plasma sialyltransferase was assayed using a radiometric
      method, which measured the transfer of radioactivity from (14C) CMP sialic acid
      to desialated fetuin. Plasma sialyltransferase was measured in 127 normal and 91
      cancer patients. The mean plasma sialyltransferase in the normal volunteers was
      837 units (CPM/25 microliters plasma/hr). The mean plasma sialytransferase in 26
      breast cancer patients, 22 lung cancer patients, 20 colon cancer patients, 5
      ovarian cancer patients, 4 cervix cancer patients, 5 pancreas cancer patients, 6
      prostate cancer patients, and 3 gastrointestinal tract cancer patients was 1710,
      1406, 1344, 1227, 1233, 1406, 1250, and 1426 units, respectively. No significant
      difference was observed with respect to age. In 32 treated breast cancer patients
      the mean value was 757 units. Serial determinations in 17 patients correlated
      well with tumor burden. However, in 2 patients the plasma enzyme level did not
      correspond to tumor mass. These results indicate that plasma sialyltransferase is
      significantly elevated in patients with a variety of cancers. Plasma
      sialyltransferase determination may be useful in the followup of patients with a
      variety of cancers.

PMID- 3390844
TI  - Cervical and vaginal cancer detection at a regional diethylstilbestrol (DES)
      screening clinic.
AB  - From 1979 to 1986, 500 women were enrolled in a New York State regional
      diethylstilbestrol (DES) clinic for the early detection of DES-associated
      adenocarcinoma of the cervix or vagina. Only 66 DES-exposed females were seen at
      Roswell Park Memorial Institute in the 6-year period prior to the establishment
      of the DES screening clinic. Most (40%) learned of the DES screening clinic
      through television public service announcements. Documentation by physician,
      pharmacy, or hospital records of intrauterine DES exposure was possible in only
      15.2% of the cases. Because of a mean age of 24 years of the DES-exposed
      patients, most physician, pharmacy, and hospital records were not readily
      available from that time period. In 5.2% of the patients enrolled in the DES
      clinic, review documented that the mother had not taken DES or other synthetic
      estrogen analogs. Among the 474 evaluable DES patients, gross vaginal or cervical
      abnormalities were present in 13.5% and DES-associated adenosis was seen in
      16.0%. Sixteen (3.4%) developed squamous dysplasia, one developed squamous in
      situ carcinoma of the cervix, and one developed invasive squamous cell carcinoma
      of the cervix. During the 6-year period of the DES screening clinic, no patient
      developed DES-associated adenocarcinoma of the cervix or vagina. The utility of
      such specialized clinics is discussed.

PMID- 3390845
TI  - Urban-rural factors affecting cancer mortality in Kentucky, 1950-1969.
AB  - Urban-rural factors associated with cancer mortality were studied in Kentucky to
      develop likely hypotheses on cancer prevention. Factor analysis was performed on
      county data for 25 variables which selected 17 variables for use in a multiple
      regression analysis. Age-adjusted cancer mortality rates used as outcome
      variables in this analysis included total and colorectal cancer (male, female,
      and both sexes combined) and female breast cancer. Each of these cancer sites was
      regressed against the 17 independent variables. Best predictive models for cancer
      outcome were selected on the basis of maximum total variance explained.
      Subsistence farming, where most of the farm produce is kept for home use rather
      than sold, was the single best predictor of low overall cancer rates for males,
      females, and both sexes combined in rural and Appalachian Kentucky. The
      subsistence farming diet is one based largely on milk and whole grains, rich in
      the following suspected anticarcinogens: selenium, magnesium, calcium, protease
      inhibitors, fiber, phenolics, and allelopaths. The diet lacks variety in fruits
      and vegetables and is low in vitamins A and C.

PMID- 3390846
TI  - Lung cancer in young Chinese.
AB  - Seventy-six patients less than 40 years of age were diagnosed from 1970 to 1983
      as having lung cancer. We compared the smoking history, clinical features, cell
      types, and treatments in this series with those of 804 patients with primary lung
      cancer aged 40 or more. In the present study the association between smoking and
      lung cancer in young Chinese was substantially weaker (only 41.1% were smokers).
      The high incidences of adenocarcinoma (59.2%) and poorly differentiated carcinoma
      (11.8%) and the small number of epidermoid carcinoma (13.2%) in the young
      contrasted with those in the older patients. Though the young patients had
      relatively delayed diagnosis and more advanced disease, they did not have
      significantly poorer resectability and worse prognosis. But the 19 patients (25%)
      aged 30 or less ran a more virulent course.

PMID- 3390847
TI  - Public education in East Java, comprehensively incorporated into the Family
      Welfare Program.
AB  - The establishment of a voluntary Cancer Society in East Java in 1969 has enabled
      the development of a program of public education, a counseling service, and a
      cervical cytology program. More recently the Cancer Society has begun to channel
      its work through the government-sponsored Family Welfare Program. That program
      includes a system of education directed to the needs and potential of the family
      as a unit. The Cancer Society plans to incorporate aspects of cancer control into
      all ten sections of the program. This paper describes these and the local
      organization of key people to promote and support the program in three pilot
      areas. In the long run it is hoped that through promoting changes in life-style,
      environmental factors/hygiene, and so forth, some carcinogenic factors may be
      eliminated, resulting in primary prevention.

PMID- 3390848
TI  - A comparison of survival of black and white female breast cancer cases in Upstate
      New York.
AB  - A comparison of observed (absolute) survival rates was made for 890 black and
      24,372 white female breast cancer cases diagnosed at age 24-84 years from 1976 to
      1981 while residents in Upstate New York, using data on passive follow-up as
      reported to the population-based New York State Cancer Registry. Although
      survival rates were significantly lower in black vs. white cases at 1 and 3 years
      after diagnosis for all stages combined, racial differences in survival within
      each clinical stage were small. Noteworthy were the nearly identical survival
      rates for blacks and whites diagnosed at stage 1 (local disease). Thus, black
      white differences in socioeconomic status, especially when stage at diagnosis is
      considered. Within clinical stage 3 (metastatic) cases, however, survival tended
      to be poorer in younger (less than 60 years) black vs. white patients. These data
      suggest the need for programs aimed at early detection of breast cancer among
      black women at younger ages.

PMID- 3390850
TI  - Demographic, clinical, and financial factors relating to the completion rate of
      screening mammography.
AB  - A retrospective analysis of the UCLA Family Health Center Research Data Base was
      performed to determine the relationship between completion rates of screening
      mammography and various patient demographic, clinical, and financial factors.
      Data from a 16-month period, from July 1984 through October 1985, were analyzed.
      Eight hundred twenty-seven women over 50 years of age were seen in the UCLA
      Family Health Center at least once during the study period. One hundred thirty
      six (16.4%) of these women had screening mammography performed. Health insurance
      coverage was an important determinant of mammography completion. Patients covered
      by a health maintenance organization were 2.5 (P less than .05) times more likely
      to receive screening mammography. Uninsured patients were only 0.5 times as
      likely to have this procedure performed. The completion rate for screening
      mammography increased significantly with increasing number of visits during the
      study period (P less than .001). The age groups analyzed were significantly
      associated with completion rate. Marital status had a significant relationship to
      completion rate, but this was due to a lower completion rate in the group of
      patients whose marital status could not be determined. The employment status
      could not be evaluated due to the high rate of missing data. Race, smoking
      status, alcohol consumption, and the sex and training level of the primary
      provider were not found to be significantly associated with screening mammogram
      completion rates.

PMID- 3390849
TI  - Cancer mortality trends in Canada: breast cancer, 1925-1982.
AB  - Breast cancer is the number one cause of death in Canadian women aged 20-74 years
      (for all 5-year age groups) and the second leading cause for those aged 75 years
      and over. To assess the long-term mortality of this disease, we collected and
      analyzed data from 1925 to 1982. A 3-year base period was used to obtain person
      years exposure using Newton-Cotes' method. All rates were standardized to the
      1956 Canadian population for age and sex using the direct method. Standard errors
      of age-standardized death rates (ASDR) were computed using Chiang's method.
      Mortality from breast cancer has been quite stable during the study period (at
      about 23.7 deaths/100,000 population). The lowest ASDR occurred in 1926 (at 17.5
      deaths/100,000 population); the highest occurred in 1946 (when it reached 26.6
      deaths/100,000 population). During 1951-1981, the ASDR fluctuated between 22.8
      and 24.0 deaths/100,000 population. Examination of age sex-specific rates
      revealed a steady trend for 25-44-year-old females and a rise in mortality in the
      older age groups. It is suggested that part of this rise may be associated with
      changes in environment, life-style, and therapy.

PMID- 3390851
TI  - Oral cancer in India: need for fresh approaches.
AB  - Oral cancer is a major health problem in India, afflicting nearly one-third of
      the total cancer population. The main etiologic factor is the traditional habit
      of tobacco chewing. Approximately 90% of Indian oral cancers are tobacco related,
      the possibility of developing the lesion being ten times higher if the habit is
      formed below the age of 14 years. Public awareness about tobacco-related oral
      cancer is low at present, and new approaches to this problem should include
      education in the schools on oral cancer, formulation of legislative action to ban
      the sale of tobacco near schools and colleges, and imposition of societal
      "barriers" that would make the nonchewing of tobacco socially more acceptable
      than chewing it. The combined effect would be an increased public awareness
      against tobacco. In addition, early detection programs within the framework of
      the present-day system of health delivery will prove more cost effective in the
      long run.

PMID- 3390852
TI  - Elevated serum carcinoembryonic antigen and prognosis of breast cancer patients
      postmastectomy.
AB  - To evaluate the clinical significance of elevated carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)
      titers in the follow-up of patients with breast cancer, 282 patients were
      analyzed retrospectively. All patients showed elevated CEA titers, ie, titers
      equal to or above 5 ng/ml on at least one occasion. The time interval from
      mastectomy ranged from 3 months to 7 years. Recurrent disease became clinically
      evident in 52% with a mean lead time of 5 months. No recurrence was found in the
      remaining patients despite a mean observation time of 20 months and repeated
      intensive search for metastases. However, taking into account the height and the
      further course of the titers, CEA measurement was helpful in predicting recurrent
      disease at an early stage. CEA titers above 30 ng/ml and constantly elevated or
      increasing titers were associated with a high frequency of recurrence. Although
      no correlation was found between site of recurrence and course of CEA, patients
      with soft tissue metastases exhibited lower CEA titers as compared with patients
      with visceral or osseous lesions. Furthermore, CEA titers encountered before
      clinical detection of recurrence were of prognostic value with regard to
      survival. Titers above 50 ng/ml and an increasing course of CEA were associated
      with diminished life expectancy. By summary, serial CEA assays were a helpful
      laboratory tool for early diagnosis of recurrent breast cancer.

PMID- 3390853
TI  - Long-term follow-up in patients with mammary gland changes found unsuspicious by
      aspiration cytology.
AB  - Between 1971 and 1981, 2,184 female patients with mammary gland changes were
      examined using the triple diagnosis approach (clinical finding, mammography,
      aspiration cytology) and were found unsuspicious for cancer. Seven of these
      patients (0.32%) in a follow-up were found to harbor cancer. In view of these
      findings it is felt acceptable to postpone immediate surgical intervention in
      case of negative results of the triple diagnosis approach provided there is a
      reliable performance of these diagnostic methods and a close follow-up in these
      patients.

PMID- 3390854
TI  - Effectiveness of gastric mass screening in Japan.
AB  - The age-adjusted death rate from stomach cancer has been on a downward trend
      during the past 25 years in Japan. During the same period, a gastric mass
      screening program has been continually and actively conducted throughout the
      country as a secondary prevention for cancer, aimed at reducing the mortality
      from stomach cancer through early detection. The number of examinees now amounts
      to over 5,000,000 a year. According to many studies to evaluate the effectiveness
      of the mass screening program, it is suggested that the gastric mass screening in
      Japan contributed toward reducing the mortality from stomach cancer.

PMID- 3390855
TI  - Digestive system malignancies in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia: an
      analysis of 158 patients.
AB  - Retrospective evaluation of 158 patients with digestive system neoplasms was
      carried out. The disease pattern was compared to that noted in other parts of
      Arabia, other Middle East countries, Africa, and the West. An attempt was made to
      analyze potential aetiological factors in the Saudi population. At all cancer
      sites of the digestive system the male to female ratio was 3:1. Generally more
      younger patients with advanced cancer were encountered than reported in series
      from the Western hemisphere. The poor results of therapy were generally
      attributed to the advanced stage at presentation. The high frequency of GIT
      cancer and in particular the apparently rising incidence rate of colorectal
      cancer was attributed to dietary habits and the changing lifestyle of the
      population. Hepatitis B viral infection was the likely cause of primary
      hepatocellular cancer (PHC) although dietary factors could not be ruled out.
      Schistosomiasis was found not to play a role in the causation of either PHC or
      colorectal cancer.

PMID- 3390856
TI  - The use of a cancer registry in a mass screening program for colorectal cancer.
AB  - This paper presents the results of our experiences in utilizing a population
      based registry in the follow-up of individuals screened for colorectal cancer.
      The colorectal screening program under study was conducted in the Western New
      York area in 1984. A total of 58,934 stool guaiac slide kits were distributed and
      11,497 persons returned them for testing. Of these, one or more slides were
      positive in 264 persons. The names of all persons returning kits for testing were
      subsequently matched against the names of all individuals reported to the Western
      New York Tumor Registry as having been diagnosed with colorectal cancer in 1984.
      Through this mechanism, 18-positive matches were uncovered; 16 were found in the
      screening registry as having had a positive guaiac test; the remaining 2 were
      found to have had negative guaiac test results. The results of this screening
      program and the methods of follow-up employed are discussed.

PMID- 3390857
TI  - Risk factors in renal cell carcinoma: I. Methodology, demographics, tobacco,
      beverage use, and obesity.
AB  - Potential risk factors in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) were studied in a case
      control study of 315 RCC cases, 313 hospital and 336 population controls. Risk
      factors included body mass index, education, smoking, beverage use, and
      artificial sweeteners. High body mass index, when present at age 20 and
      maintained, was a significant risk factor in both men and women. The lower the
      educational levels attained, the higher the risk. There was a weak positive
      association with cigarette smoking, coffee drinking, tea drinking, and
      decaffeinated coffee. A strong negative association was found with ever use of
      alcohol and it was strongest for wine. A positive association was found with use
      of artificial sweeteners in men. These findings have increased our understanding
      of the etiology of this rare but increasingly important neoplastic disease in
      humans.

PMID- 3390858
TI  - The role of genetic factors in bladder cancer.
AB  - The etiology of bladder cancer with regard to environmental factors is well
      known, but little attention has been focused on the role of genetic factors. The
      international variation in bladder cancer rates leaves open the question of
      whether this can be accounted for solely as the result of the differential
      distribution of environmental factors. In this review, the diverse literature on
      the potential role of genetic factors in bladder cancer is summarized in four
      categories: 1) familial aggregation, 2) genetic polymorphisms, 3) the N
      acetyltransferase phenotype, and 4) activated oncogenes and chromosomal changes.
      The role of genetic factors has not been conclusively ascertained, but it appears
      that two different patterns of genetic involvement can be identified: a Mendelian
      pattern of autosomal dominant inheritance that accounts for a very small number
      of cases, and a multifactorial, probably polygenic, pattern involving genetic and
      environmental interaction. More research is needed to corroborate these findings
      and assess their significance.

PMID- 3390859
TI  - Effects of differentiation inducing chemicals on in vivo malignancy and NK
      susceptibility of metastatic lymphoma cells.
AB  - In the present investigation we have determined the effects of the
      differentiation-inducing chemicals dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and sodium butyrate
      on the growth and tumorigenicity of a highly malignant/metastatic cell line
      (RAW117-H10) and its less tumorigenic parental lymphoma cell line (RAW117-P).
      Both of these agents at doses shown to be nontoxic slowed the growth of these
      cells in suspension culture and significantly lengthened the doubling time while
      reducing colony formation in the agar tumor stem cell assay. Corresponding to
      these observations, the in vivo tumorigenicity of the highly malignant RAW117-H10
      line was reduced by both chemicals but particularly by butyrate treatment. In
      addition, both agents increased the expression of some glycoproteins and the
      glycolipid asialo GM1. There was also a corresponding increase in the NK
      susceptibility of the normally NK resistant RAW117-H10 cells. To determine if the
      decreased malignancy of the highly malignant cells following treatment with the
      chemical agents was primarily due to the alteration in cell surface
      glycoconjugates or merely due to concomitant decreased growth potential, we
      transplanted highly glycosylated membrane fragments from normal syngeneic
      thymocytes to both RAW117-P and RAW117-H10 cells using a Sendai virus mediated
      membrane fusion technique. The in vivo tumorigenicity of the membrane altered
      RAW117-H10 cells was significantly decreased. These results strongly suggest that
      the decreased in vivo malignancy of RAW117-H10 cells resulting from treatment
      with chemical differentiation agents is caused by their increased susceptibility
      to NK cell mediated lysis which in turn results from cell surface changes
      involving altered, primarily increased, expression of certain glycosylated
      surface molecules. The cell surface glycoconjugates, such as receptors for
      certain lectins and glycolipid asialo GM1, can be used as markers for malignant
      potential and NK sensitivity of malignant lymphoid cells.

PMID- 3390860
TI  - The diagnosis and classification of Hodgkin's disease is still a problem.
AB  - The initial histopathologic diagnosis and Rye classification of 172 cases of
      Hodgkin's disease referred to a regional cancer centre during a period of 8 years
      was reviewed prospectively by a pathologist in the cancer center who referred 82
      cases to a panel made up of pathologists practicing in the region. The proportion
      of cases with errors in the diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease or Rye classification
      fell from 47.6% in the first year to 23.1% in the third year and 17.4% in the
      final year. The performance of the panelists did not vary in any consistent way
      over the 8-year period. The mean level of agreement among the panelists was 86.7%
      for the diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease and 63.3% for the Rye classification. A
      regional program for the ongoing prospective review of all histological diagnoses
      of Hodgkin's disease can improve the accuracy of initial diagnosis and Rye
      classification but significant discrepancies persist.

PMID- 3390861
TI  - Cellular aspects of autoimmunity.

PMID- 3390862
TI  - [World Health Day--7 April. Health within the context of social values].

PMID- 3390863
TI  - Cloning and sequence of multiple forms of phospholipase C.
AB  - Three phospholipase C isozymes (PLC-I, II, and III) have been purified from
      bovine brain. Here, phospholipase C-related cDNA clones corresponding to PLC-I
      and PLC-III were isolated from a rat brain lambda gt11 expression cDNA library
      using specific monoclonal antibodies and sequenced. Each of them encodes a
      distinct polypeptide with a calculated molecular mass of 138,225 (PLC-I) and
      85,840 (PLC-III). Comparison of these two with the sequence of another isozyme
      PLC-II (Mr = 148,431) that we have previously characterized revealed a low
      overall sequence homology. Nevertheless, a significant amino acid sequence
      similarity between the three enzymes was found in two regions, one of about 150
      amino acids and the other of about 120 amino acids. The two conserved domains
      were separated by a variable region. The variable region sequence of PLC-II is
      relatively long and has recently been shown to contain regions homologous to the
      noncatalytic domain of the nonreceptor tyrosine kinases. Those of PLC-I and III
      were short and appeared to be unrelated to these tyrosine kinases. The
      physiological implications of the multiple species of PLC enzymes are discussed.

PMID- 3390864
TI  - The hormone-binding domains of the estrogen and glucocorticoid receptors contain
      an inducible transcription activation function.
AB  - We have constructed novel chimeric receptors, GAL-ER and GAL-GR, consisting of
      the DNA-binding domain of the yeast transcription factor GAL4 joined to the C
      terminal region containing the hormone-binding domain of either the human
      estrogen (hER) or human glucocorticoid (hGR) receptor. Stimulation of
      transcription by GAL-ER and GAL-GR from GAL4-responsive reporter genes was
      hormone dependent, and the activation function has been localized to the hER or
      hGR region. Both chimeric receptors recognized GAL4-responsive elements only in
      the presence of hormone or anti-hormone, yet solely the hormone was capable of
      stimulating transcription. These and additional results suggest that the hormone
      plays at least a dual role. First, the hormone, or anti-hormone, is responsible
      for receptor "transformation" allowing the recognition of responsive DNA
      elements. Second, the hormone, but not the anti-hormone, can induce a
      transcription activation function present in the region that contains the hormone
      binding domain.

PMID- 3390865
TI  - Role of an N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive transport component in promoting fusion of
      transport vesicles with cisternae of the Golgi stack.
AB  - An N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive transport component (NSF) has been purified on the
      basis of its ability to support transport between Golgi cisternae. We now report
      that NSF is needed for membrane fusion. Thus, when NSF is withheld from
      incubations of Golgi stacks with cytosol and ATP, uncoated transport vesicles
      accumulate. Biochemical experiments confirm this conclusion and reveal that NSF
      is needed to form the first of two previously described prefusion complexes. NSF,
      therefore, acts within a cascade in which a vesicle-cisterna complex is matured
      until it is competent for fusion. We suggest that this reflects the stepwise
      assembly of a multisubunit "fusion machine" following vesicle attachment.

PMID- 3390866
TI  - Selective inhibition of leukotriene C4 synthesis and natural killer activity by
      ethacrynic acid.
AB  - We have investigated the role of arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism in natural
      killer (NK) cell activity. Human nonadherent (NA) peripheral blood lymphocytes
      were used as effector cells against 51Cr-labeled K562 target cells. Synthesis of
      leukotriene C4 (LTC4) is dependent on glutathione S-transferase (GST). We have
      chosen to study three putative GST inhibitors, namely, ethacrynic acid (ET),
      caffeic acid (CA), and ferulic acid (FA), with regard to NK activity and with
      regard to their effect on AA metabolism. The GST inhibitors inhibited NK lysis
      when added directly to the NK assay. The GST inhibitors inhibited LTC4 synthesis
      as induced by calcium ionophore A23187 in a dose-dependent manner similar to
      their inhibition of NK activity. However, only ET was selective, for it had
      little effect on LTB4, 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, and prostaglandin E2
      synthesis. LTC4 synthesis was associated with the NK-enriched fractions obtained
      from discontinuous Percoll gradients. NK-specific anti-Leu-11b antibody and C
      treatment could abrogate NK activity and LTC4 synthesis. ET was also inhibitory
      when NA cells were cultured at 37 degrees C for 18 hr. In this case, LTC4 could
      reverse the inhibitory effect of ET. Our data suggest that LTC4 plays an
      important role in NK activity.

PMID- 3390868
TI  - Axonal neurofilaments differ in composition and morphology from those in the soma
      of the squid stellate ganglion.
AB  - Triton X-100 insoluble neurofilament (NF) fractions were obtained from two parts
      of the stellate ganglion and the main giant axon. These were analyzed by one- and
      two-dimensional gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, cyclic assembly and
      disassembly, and electron microscopy. The NF fractions from the ganglion cell
      bodies (GCB) and from the part of the ganglion mainly consisting of axon initial
      segments (GIS) were of similar composition; neither contained detectable amounts
      of the 220 kda and high molecular weight (greater than 400 kda) NF subunits that
      were prominent in the axonal NF fraction. However, the GCB and GIS did contain
      large quantities of a set of 65 kda polypeptides that were minor constituents of
      the axonal NF fraction. The 65 kda-containing NF fraction from the ganglion could
      be cyclically disassembled and reassembled, but only under low salt conditions,
      in contrast to the high salt conditions used to cycle axonal NFs. A comparison of
      the peptide map of the 65 kda polypeptides with that of the 60 kda axonal NF
      subunit showed them to be different. These biochemical differences between the
      ganglionic and axonal NF fractions correlated with morphologic distinctions:
      ganglionic NFs were relatively smooth surfaced, whereas axonal NFs had long
      sidearms. Such observations support the hypothesis that the NF cytoskeleton of
      the neuron soma is different from that of the axon. Furthermore, the change from
      the somal form to the axonal form of NFs appears to occur in the region where the
      axon initial segment increases in diameter to become the axon proper.

PMID- 3390867
TI  - Determination of the average shape of flagellar bends: a gradient curvature
      model.
AB  - Data obtained by manual digitization of photographs of flagellar bending waves
      have been analyzed by determining size parameters for the bends by least-squares
      fitting of a model waveform. These parameters were then used to normalize the
      data so that the average shape of the bends could be determined. Best fits were
      obtained with a model waveform derived from the constant curvature waveforms used
      previously but with provision for a linear change in curvature across the central
      region of the bend-the gradient curvature model (GCM). The central regions of the
      GCM bending waves are separated by transition regions with length determined by a
      parameter called the truncation factor (FT). Fitting the GCM to sine-generated
      bending waves give optimal fit when FT = 0.34. Fitting the GCM to four different
      samples of flagellar bending waves gave best fits with values of FT ranging from
      0.17 for ATP-reactivated Lytechinus spermatozoa beating at approximately 10 Hz to
      0.32 for live spermatozoa of Arbacia. The difference between the Arbacia
      waveforms and a sine-generated waveform is therefore very small, but a sine
      generated waveform lacks the degree of freedom represented by FT that is required
      to fit other waveforms optimally. The residual differences between the waveform
      data and optimal GCM waveforms were averaged and found to be small. In most
      cases, the curvature in the central region of the optimal GCM decreased in
      magnitude towards the tip of the flagellum; however, this slope was highly
      variable and sometimes positive. Significant variations in both this slope and FT
      were found in individual bends as they propagated along a flagellum.

PMID- 3390869
TI  - Stretching, strengthening, and conditioning for the competitive tennis player.
AB  - For an athlete to be competitive at the highest levels of tennis, he or she must
      possess an optimal level of flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular
      conditioning. He or she also must be at a maximum level in areas including upper
      and lower extremity selective endurance, isolated muscular strength patterns of
      repetitive activities, and agility. To achieve this, a great deal of time and
      effort must be spent off the tennis court strengthening the appropriate muscle
      groups and improving overall agility and pattern responses. It is hoped that
      these programs will allow the American junior tennis player to return to a level
      competitive with the rest of the world.

PMID- 3390870
TI  - Racquet sports: injury treatment and prevention.

PMID- 3390871
TI  - Surface and equipment variables in tennis injuries.
AB  - Alterations in equipment can reduce the incidence and severity of overuse
      injuries in the competitive tennis player. Changes in racquet variables, court
      surface, footwear, and string tension play an important part in treatment of both
      upper and lower extremity injuries. Adequate time for rehabilitation is needed to
      prevent reinjury when returning to competition.

PMID- 3390872
TI  - Upper extremity injuries in adolescent tennis players.
AB  - The majority of adolescent tennis players will have their playing temporarily
      interrupted by an injury, with lower extremity problems predominating. Although
      upper extremity injuries occur less frequently, they tend to be more troublesome.
      Injuries discussed in this article include "King Kong arm," slipped capital
      humeral epiphysis, "Osgood-Schlatter disease" of the shoulder, tennis elbow,
      stress synovitis and elbow flexion contracture, and friction burns and collagen
      stress fractures of the rotator cuff.

PMID- 3390873
TI  - The shoulder of the tennis player.
AB  - A depression of the exercised shoulder was found among highly trained tennis
      players, and in other athletes employing the overhand motion. This deformity is
      attributed to stretching of the shoulder elevating muscles, and to hypertrophy of
      the racket-holding extremity. Most symptoms in the shoulders studied were in the
      region of the rotator cuff, and occurred upon strokes requiring abduction.
      Shoulder dependency causes a relative abduction of the extremity, which may
      result in impingement of the rotator cuff. Shoulder droop may lead to thoracic
      outlet syndrome, and, in the athlete, may simulate scoliosis.

PMID- 3390875
TI  - Common features of three inversions in wheat chloroplast DNA.
AB  - We have determined the DNA sequences of regions involved in two of the three
      inversions known to have occurred during the evolution of wheat chloroplast DNA.
      This establishes the extent of the second largest of the three inversions.
      Examination of these sequences suggests that although short repeated sequences
      are present, the endpoints of the second and third inversions are not associated
      with repeated sequences as long as those associated with the first inversion.
      However the endpoints of all three inversions are all adjacent to at least one
      tRNA gene, and there is evidence that three of the tRNA genes have been subjected
      to partial duplication, possibly at the time of inversion. This suggests that
      tRNA genes might be involved with rearrangements of chloroplast DNA, as has also
      been postulated for mitochondrial DNA.

PMID- 3390876
TI  - [Changes in intraocular pressure during hemodialysis].

PMID- 3390877
TI  - [Cyclic strabismus (alternate-day esotropia, circadian heterotropia)].

PMID- 3390874
TI  - Heat problems in the tennis player.
AB  - Any athlete, regardless of the sport or exercise, should allow an appropriate
      period to get in condition before exerting maximal effort. Athletes should be
      encouraged to observe environmental conditions and sharply curtail or postpone
      activity if the humidity reaches 95 per cent at any temperature. In addition,
      athletes should expose as much skin as possible to the air, and remain well
      hydrated before, during, and after exercise.

PMID- 3390878
TI  - [The effect of selenite on 86Rb uptake in the lens in rats].

PMID- 3390879
TI  - [75Se-selenite uptake in the lens in vitro in young and adult rats].

PMID- 3390881
TI  - [Familial dysautonomia (Riley-Day syndrome)].

PMID- 3390880
TI  - [Measurement of the size and volume of malignant choroidal melanoma in situ using
      computer tomography].

PMID- 3390882
TI  - [Ocular manifestations of sarcoidosis in childhood].

PMID- 3390883
TI  - [The effect of infant nutrition on bacterial colonization of the conjunctival
      sac].

PMID- 3390884
TI  - [The effect of fetal maturity on bacterial colonization of the conjunctival sac].

PMID- 3390885
TI  - [Sensitivity of bacterial flora in the conjunctival sac of neonates and infants
      to antibiotics].

PMID- 3390886
TI  - [Health needs of elderly citizens living in homes for the aged in the East
      Bohemia Region].

PMID- 3390887
TI  - [Abortions in Czechoslovakia in the 1st half of 1987].

PMID- 3390888
TI  - [The pediatric emergency service in Ostrava].

PMID- 3390889
TI  - [Causes of increasing temporary work disability in the population].

PMID- 3390890
TI  - [Use of computer technics in preventive and dispensary care].

PMID- 3390891
TI  - [An analytic method for personnel staffing of health facilities].

PMID- 3390892
TI  - [Medical and social aspects of disability in a large industrial plant].

PMID- 3390893
TI  - Efficacy of antithrombin III in endotoxin-induced disseminated intravascular
      coagulation.
AB  - Antithrombin III (AT III) is a major modulator of the clotting cascade and is
      decreased in disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). AT III was given as a
      pretreatment to dogs with endotoxin-induced DIC. Significant improvement in
      clotting parameters (prothrombin time, fibrinogen, fibrin degradation products)
      was noted. There was no effect on platelets. Mean arterial blood pressure was
      improved, while there were no other significant changes in other measured
      hemodynamic, acid-base, or biochemical variables. It was concluded that AT III
      was effective in ameliorating endotoxin-induced changes in the clotting profile.
      AT III may prove to be a beneficial therapy in acquired DIC.

PMID- 3390894
TI  - Effects of splenectomy on hemodynamic performance in fixed volume canine
      hemorrhagic shock.
AB  - Studies of canine hemorrhagic shock commonly use a splenectomized fixed-pressure
      model. Splenectomy is recommended in this model to avoid variable degrees of
      autotransfusion that reduce the reliability of mortality estimates and blood
      volume measurements. The effects of splenectomy on a non-lethal fixed-volume
      canine hemorrhage have not been established. The purpose of this study was to
      investigate cardiovascular and biochemical effects of splenectomy in fixed-volume
      canine hemorrhagic shock. Nineteen beagles of uniform size and weight were bled
      50% of their estimated blood volumes over 1 hr and then left without therapeutic
      intervention for a 90 min stabilization period. Arterial blood pressure (MAP),
      central venous pressure, pulmonary artery pressure, heart rate (HR), cardiac
      output, glucose, lactate, arterial and mixed venous blood gases, and hematocrit
      (HCT) were measured at regular intervals. Cardiac index (CI), stroke volume, and
      oxygen saturation (O2SAT), delivery (O2DEL) and consumption (O2CON) were
      calculated at these intervals. Results from ten control animals were compared to
      those from nine animals that had been splenectomized 2 wk prior to hemorrhage.
      During the hemorrhage period, there were no significant differences observed
      between groups for HR, MAP, or O2DEL. CI remained higher (P less than 0.025) and
      HCT lower (28.9 +/- 4.7 vs 39.8 +/- 4.5) (P less than 0.001) in splenectomized
      animals. Immediately following hemorrhage there were no significant differences
      in the mean values for HR, CI, MAP, or serum lactate. O2DEL however, was
      significantly higher in control animals (P less than 0.05). During stabilization
      MAP, CI, and O2DEL rose while HCT fell in both groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3390895
TI  - Protein synthesis in human platelets.
AB  - The platelets and leukocytes of human peripheral blood were separated and
      cultured for 24 h in the same medium. The culture medium was completed with S
      methionine. The overall protein synthetic activity of the platelets, compared
      with leukocytes, was studied with a two-dimensional gel electrophoresis technique
      combined with fluorographic detection of labelled proteins. Our findings confirm
      the platelet-origin of a few newly synthesized proteins. The most pronounced
      newly synthesized platelet protein with a molecular weight of approximately 35
      Kda and with a more acidic isoelectric point than that of actin was identified as
      a cytoskeleton-associated protein.

PMID- 3390896
TI  - Estimation of serum anticollagen and the antibodies against chondrocyte membrane
      fraction: their clinical diagnostic significance in osteoarthritis.
AB  - The serum anticollagen antibodies to collagen types II, IX, and XI, as well as
      the antibody level to chondrocyte membrane extract were investigated in patients
      suffering from severe osteoarthritis (n = 86) in comparison with patients free of
      primary arthritis (n = 33) and with control healthy patients (n = 44),
      respectively. Isolation and purification of cartilage antigens and their
      relevance to ELISA reaction have been outlined. Although the method for
      anticollagen antibodies to types IX and XI was more sensitive than that of type
      II, its sensitivity was very low (52%). The determination of the specific IgG
      fraction by affinity chromatography seemed to be more sensitive: in
      osteoarthritic patients the percentage of the "arthritogen" IgG rose to 10% of
      the total IgG. The determination of antibody level against chondrocyte membrane
      extract was adapted to human diagnostic purposes. In osteoarthritic patients the
      serum antibody level was significantly higher than in healthy controls. The
      specificity of this new test was proved by the facts that: (a) only the collagen
      binding fraction of the membrane extract reacts with the patient's sera; (b) the
      ELISA reaction could be totally inhibited by the antigen; (c) patients suffering
      from noninflammatory joint diseases were characterized by low antibody levels.

PMID- 3390897
TI  - Fibronectin determination in pregnancy.
AB  - The levels of fibronectin were determined by immunoturbidimetric assay in two
      populations: (a) plasma of healthy nonpregnant and pregnant women, and in
      amniotic fluid of healthy pregnant females; (b) plasma of umbilical cord blood of
      healthy newborns and of newborns with sepsis. Fibronectin concentrations of
      amniotic fluid showed a significant decrease during pregnancy, but the changes of
      plasma fibronectin levels were not significant in this period. In newborn sepsis,
      the levels of plasma fibronectin were significantly decreased. We did not find a
      significant difference between the fibronectin concentration of umbilical cord
      blood of premature infants compared to mature infants.

PMID- 3390898
TI  - Effect of elastin peptides and N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl phenylalanine on
      cytosolic free calcium in polymorphonuclear leukocytes of healthy middle-aged and
      elderly subjects.
AB  - The effect of elastin peptides (kappa-elastin, KE) and N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl
      phenylalanine (FMLP) on cytosolic free calcium in polymorphonuclear leukocytes
      (PMNLs) of healthy middle-aged (35-45 years) and elderly (greater than 60 years)
      patients with normal and high serum cholesterol level was investigated. The
      cytosolic free calcium [( Ca2+]i) elevation after stimulation with these
      compounds was decreased in PMNLs of the aged groups compared to the healthy
      middle-aged group. The guanine nucleotide binding regulatory Gi protein
      inhibitor, pertussis toxin (PT) prevented the enhancing effect of KE and FMLP on
      PMNL free calcium of healthy middle-aged subjects, but could not completely
      abolish the [Ca2+]i elevation in PMNLs of aged subjects.

PMID- 3390899
TI  - Comparative analysis of enzyme activity in human colostrum, milk, and serum.
AB  - Changes of enzyme activity in the colostrum, milk, and serum samples of 14
      mothers were followed. For the enzyme assay, the colostrum and the milk samples
      were diluted, 1:10 and 1:5, respectively. The activity of the following enzymes
      were measured: lactate dehydrogenase (LDH); gammaglutamyl transpeptidase (GGT);
      aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT); alanine aminotransferase (ALAT);
      cholinesterase; alkaline, and acid phosphatase. Milk, LDH, ASAT, and ALAT
      activities did not change during the first four days of lactation, yet were
      significantly higher than the corresponding activities of serum. The activity of
      GGT and alkaline and acid phosphatase in milk showed a marked decrease by day 4
      postpartum; however, the GGT stayed much higher than that of serum, while the
      activity of the other two enzymes decreased to the level of the serum. By
      contrast, as compared to the colostrum, the cholinesterase activity in the breast
      milk showed a significant increase.

PMID- 3390900
TI  - Separation of lipids by new thin-layer chromatography and overpressured thin
      layer chromatography methods.
AB  - New methods were developed for the separation of major lipid classes varying in
      polarity from cholesterol esters to lysophosphatidylcholine. The methods were
      used for the analysis of extracts obtained from human sera. The lipids were
      separated by overpressured thin-layer chromatography, classical thin-layer
      chromatography, and one-dimensional thin layer chromatography, using six
      different solvent systems for development. These techniques are also suitable to
      separate unsaturated and saturated cholesterol esters according to the number of
      carbon atoms and double bond numbers of their constituent fatty acids.

PMID- 3390901
TI  - Characteristics of chylomicron remnant uptake into rat liver.
AB  - We have investigated uptake of 125I-labeled chylomicron remnants into livers of
      rats in the presence of lactoferrin. This glycoprotein possesses a cluster of
      four arginines at the N-terminus similar to the arginine rich binding sequence of
      apoprotein E (apoE) to the LDL-receptor. We found that this protein inhibits
      uptake of 125I-chylomicron remnant radioactivity by 50% when measured as
      accumulation of radioactivity into the intact organ, and even more pronounced,
      over 75%, when measured as uptake into an endosomal fraction prepared therefrom.
      Provided that the arginine rich sequence is responsible for the inhibition, a
      similarity in the characteristics of binding of apoE to the LDL (low density
      lipoprotein)- and chylomicron remnant-receptor is likely. Second, transferrin
      having sequence homologies with lactoferrin, but lacking the arginine cluster
      does not interfere with chylomicron remnant uptake. Third, lactoferrin does not
      inhibit the uptake of chylomicron remnants by the spleen, which is most likely
      mediated through scavenger cells by a mechanism different from the chylomicron
      remnant uptake system of the liver. We hypothesize from this that lactoferrin
      specifically interferes with the physiologically relevant chylomicron remnant
      uptake system of the liver. Investigation of the mechanism of this inhibition
      will provide information about the physical characteristics of the remnant
      receptor system.

PMID- 3390902
TI  - Serum total, HDL, LDL cholesterol, and triglyceride levels in patients with
      rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Patients with rheumatoid arthritis are at risk of increased prevalence of
      coronary heart disease. In general, the plasma level of high density lipoprotein
      cholesterol (HDL) correlates with the risk of incidence of ischemic heart
      disease. The levels of total, HDL, low density (LDL) cholesterol, and
      triglycerides were measured in sera of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and in
      healthy controls. In patients with rheumatoid arthritis (26 men and 103 women),
      the serum total and LDL cholesterol were higher, whereas the HDL cholesterol and
      triglycerides were lower (p less than 0.001) compared to the values observed in
      controls (625 men and 749 women). Similar patterns were seen when results of age
      and sex matched controls were compared to the results of patients suffering from
      rheumatoid arthritis. The lipid parameters of patients with rheumatoid arthritis
      were not different when the patients were treated with steroidal or nonsteroidal
      anti-inflammatory drugs.

PMID- 3390904
TI  - Screening for plasma cholinesterase deficiency: an automated succinylcholine
      based assay.
AB  - We describe an automated kinetic method that uses a single aqueous reagent to
      measure the in vitro hydrolysis of the muscle relaxant succinylcholine. The
      substrate succinylcholine is hydrolyzed by plasma cholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8),
      and the choline produced is oxidized by choline oxidase (EC 11.3.17) in the
      presence of peroxidase, 4-aminophenazone and phenol, to yield a chromagen with
      maximum absorbance at 500 nm. The method is reproducible (CV 1.3%), correlates
      well with a manual procedure using the same substrate (r = 0.994, y = 0.99x -
      0.25), and is linear to 150 U/L. The method is well suited to pre-operative
      screening and detection of "at-risk" individuals, as illustrated by the family of
      one patient who had a prolonged succinylcholine apnea.

PMID- 3390905
TI  - A simpler procedure to study sodium-22 uptake (ouabain insensitive) in human
      erythrocytes.
AB  - We report a modification of the technique of Mahoney et al. (Blood 1982; 59: 439)
      for the determination of sodium-22 (22Na+) uptake in human erythrocytes. This
      modification facilitates the separation of 22Na+ taken up by erythrocytes from
      the free 22Na+ in the buffer by the addition of dibutyl phthalate, which forms an
      immiscible layer between the two. To further improve the sensitivity of 22Na+
      uptake, we incubated a range of known numbers of erythrocytes with 22Na+ as
      opposed to the single cell suspension of known hematocrit used in Mahoney's et
      al. procedure (1). Erythrocytes are incubated in KCI buffer containing 2627 Bq
      (0.071 microCi) 22Na+ in a total volume of 0.5 mL for 0.5 h at 37 degrees C.
      Incubation is terminated by placing the tubes in ice for 10 min and the amount of
      22Na+ taken up by the erythrocytes determined. We observe a linear relationship
      between erythrocyte concentrations (0.5 to 2.5 X 10(9) cells/mL) and percent
      uptake of 22Na+ (0.37 +/- 0.06 (1 SD) to 1.85 +/- 0.27 (1 SD) of the total 22Na+,
      respectively). The procedure is simple and sensitive, and can be used in clinical
      laboratories for the routine evaluation of 22Na+ uptake in erythrocytes.

PMID- 3390903
TI  - Different cholesterol fractions, LCAT activity and lipid peroxides in the serum
      of children whose parents had early coronary heart disease.
AB  - Children whose parents had early coronary heart disease were investigated for
      lipid abnormalities. In order to assess high risk parameters and the efficacy of
      the applied care, serum total cholesterol (TC), total triglyceride (TT), total
      free cholesterol (FC) high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), high density
      lipoprotein free cholesterol (HDLFC), lipid peroxide (LP) levels, and lecithin:
      cholesterol acyl transferase (LCAT) activity were measured. Compared to a group
      of control children, the offspring of high risk subjects had increased TC, FC,
      and LP levels and decreased HDLC levels. After one year of preventative care all
      parameters normalized except the high FC level and elevated LCAT activity. The
      measurement of serum FC and LP levels seems to be a useful method for the
      determination of true high risk. The LCAT activity may show the efficacy of the
      dietary treatment.

PMID- 3390906
TI  - Comparison of serum sodium and chloride results for Flame IV-Auto Analyzer II,
      SMAC, Ektachem 400, and Nova 4 clinical analyzer systems.
AB  - We determined serum Na+ and Cl- results using Technicon's Flame IV-Auto Analyzer
      II (FLIV/AAII) system and Kodak's Ektachem 400 clinical analyzer. Our objective
      was to determine whether Na+ and Cl- results from these analyzers were
      sufficiently similar to report to clinicians without reference to the system used
      for the determination. Method precision of the two systems for Na+ results was
      comparable; whereas Ektachem 400 Cl- results were more imprecise than those
      determined using the FLIV/AAII, Ektachem Na+ results showed lower correlation
      with the FLIV/AAII (r = 0.890) and Cl- results were more highly correlated (r =
      0.960). When Kodak's newly developed equi-transferant electrolyte reference fluid
      (ETRF) was used with generation 4 Na+ slides and generation 1 Cl- slides the
      largest difference observed was 7.0 mmol/L for both Na+ and Cl- results. Using
      Kodak calibrators and the manufacturer's operational conditions for the Ektachem
      400, we observed that a considerable number of sample results for both Na+ and Cl
      did not agree within 3.0 mmol/L of the FLIV/AAII values. To corroborate our
      finding, we also analyzed serum Na+ and Cl- using a Technicon Sequential Multiple
      Analyzer + Computer (SMAC) system and a Nova 4 + 4 Clinical Analyzer (Nova). We
      conclude that flame emission systems and direct ion specific electrode systems do
      not yield comparable Na+ and Cl- results even when total protein and triglyceride
      concentrations of the samples are within reference ranges.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3390907
TI  - A new europium chelate for protein labelling and time-resolved fluorometric
      applications.
AB  - Synthetic procedures are presented for a new chelator that forms stable and
      highly fluorescent complexes with Eu3+. This chelator, 4,7-bis(chlorosulfophenyl)
      1,10-phenanthroline-2,9-dicarboxylic acid (BCPDA) is synthesized in a high-yield
      three-step procedure. BCPDA can be covalently incorporated into proteins under
      relatively mild conditions, and when complexed with Eu3+ forms a fluorescent
      product that has a lifetime in the range of 0.4 to 0.7 ms. Thus, it is useful for
      time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay applications.

PMID- 3390908
TI  - A digoxin-like factor associates with erythrocyte sodium concentration, sodium
      transport, and ouabain binding.
AB  - To investigate what effects a circulating digoxin-like factor (DLF) might have on
      sodium metabolism, we examined data collected on 1,327 individuals screened in
      the Cardiovascular Genetics Clinic at the University of Utah. This sample
      included 639 unmedicated adults, 582 youths under age 18, and 106 medicated
      hypertensive individuals, all on an unrestricted diet when attending clinic. No
      individuals look digitalis. A digoxin assay detected measurable levels of plasma
      DLF in 13.4% of the youths, 17.2% of the normotensive adults, and 25.5% of the
      hypertensive adults. In all three groups of individuals, those with a measurable
      DLF had a significantly lower erythrocyte ouabain sensitive sodium efflux rate
      constant (adjusted for age, sex and body mass) than those with no measurable DLF
      (p less than 0.01). Normotensive and hypertensive adults with measurable DLF also
      had an increased erythrocyte intracellular sodium level. Either the number of
      ouabain binding sites and/or the apparent affinity for ouabain were reduced for
      those with DLF levels in all three groups. There was a small nonsignificant
      increase in blood pressure for the normotensive adults and youths with a
      measurable DLF. We conclude that plasma DLF is associated with reduced ouabain
      sensitive sodium transport and increased intracellular sodium concentration,
      possibly due to changes in the number of or the competition for the Na+ - K+
      ATPase sites.

PMID- 3390909
TI  - Potassium permanganate used to eliminate interference with the Porter-Silber
      reaction in the butanol extraction method for determination of urinary 17
      hydroxycorticosteroids.
AB  - We describe a simple, rapid, and less interference-susceptible method for using
      the Porter-Silber reaction for determination of urinary 17
      hydroxycorticosteroids. The procedure is based on butanol extraction of the
      steroids after the urine sample is treated with potassium permanganate and sodium
      bisulfite. These treatments, together with an additional acid- and alkali-washing
      of the extract, could eliminate most of the substances in urine that interfere
      with the Porter-Silber reactions. Values so obtained correlated well (r = 0.95)
      with those by Furuya's method in which beta-glucuronidase is used. Our method may
      be useful and suitable for a screening test of adrenocortical and pituitary
      functions.

PMID- 3390910
TI  - Time series modeling for quality control in clinical chemistry.
AB  - Autocorrelation of clinical chemistry quality-control (Q/C) measurements causes
      one of the basic assumptions underlying the use of Levey-Jennings control charts
      to be violated and performance to be degraded. This is the requirement that the
      observations be statistically independent. We present a proposal for a new
      approach to statistical quality control that removes this difficulty. We propose
      to replace the current single control chart of raw Q/C data with two charts: (a)
      a common cause chart, representing a Box-Jenkins ARIMA time-series model of any
      underlying persisting nonrandomness in the process, and (b) a special cause chart
      of the residuals from the above model, which, being free of such persisting
      nonrandomness, fulfills the criteria for use of the standard Levey-Jennings
      plotting format and standard control rules. We provide a comparison of the
      performance of our proposed approach with that of current practice.

PMID- 3390911
TI  - Rendering the "poppy-seed defense" defenseless: identification of 6
      monoacetylmorphine in urine by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy.
AB  - We report a sensitive, rapid, quantitative gas chromatographic/mass spectroscopic
      method for measuring the 6-monoacetylmorphine (6-MAM) metabolite of heroin in 0.5
      mL of human urine. After a simple liquid-liquid extraction and derivatization,
      the trimethylsilyl derivative of 6-MAM is identified from its retention time
      (total ion current) and by selected ion monitoring. The limit of detection was 10
      micrograms/L, corresponding to 0.2 ng of trimethylsilyl-6-MAM injected into the
      gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer. The presence of 6-MAM in urine is indicative
      of heroin. 6-MAM is not present in poppy seeds or in urine after the ingestion of
      products containing poppy seed.

PMID- 3390912
TI  - In vivo 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of bone mineral for
      evaluation of osteoporosis.
AB  - The mineral content of stationary bone samples can be quantified by 31P nuclear
      magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The assay can be performed in regions of
      the anatomy that pose problems for absorptiometric techniques, because the
      mineral content is measured within a selected volume without concern for the
      geometry of the bone. In vivo 31P NMR spectra of the bones in human fingers and
      wrist are reported. Soft tissue such as marrow and skeletal muscle contributes
      little to the 31P NMR spectra of human fingers and wrist and thus should not
      seriously affect the accuracy of the mineral assay. 31P NMR spectrometry should
      prove helpful for confirming rapid bone mineral loss in those at risk and for
      monitoring response to treatment.

PMID- 3390913
TI  - Reference values for nucleosides and nucleobases in cerebrospinal fluid of
      children.
AB  - Disturbances in the metabolism of purines and pyrimidines in neurologically
      affected patients can be reflected by aberrant concentrations of nucleosides and
      nucleobases in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). However, normal values, especially for
      children at different ages, are lacking. We collected 1000 specimens of CSF from
      subjects ranging in age from newborn to 18 years, who were undergoing a
      diagnostic lumbar puncture for several clinical indications. Of these, 78 samples
      could be used retrospectively as a reference according to our criteria. The
      analyses were performed with a modified HPLC procedure. None of the substances
      shows age-dependency except uridine and uric acid. Uridine increases with age,
      and uric acid increases with age in boys older than 12 years.

PMID- 3390914
TI  - Sialic acid in sickle cell disease.
AB  - Neuraminic (sialic) acid concentrations in serum from normal and sickle cell
      (HbSS) subjects were determined for discrete age groups from childhood through
      adolescence. Values in sickle cell disease were consistently lower over the
      entire age range. We further investigated the effect of exogenous sialic acid on
      the rate of sickling reversion of HbSS erythrocytes and demonstrated that this
      compound in millimole per liter concentrations could revert pre-sickled
      erythrocytes to their normal morphology in a concentration-dependent manner. When
      subjected to partial de-sialation with sialidase (EC 3.2.1.18), the HbSS
      erythrocytes not only sickled faster upon deoxygenation, they also reverted more
      slowly on treatment with phenylalanine (a more efficient anti-sickling agent than
      sialic acid) than did untreated cells. We conclude that, in sickle cell disease,
      erythrocyte sialic acid content could play a significant role, not only in the
      control of the sickling rate in vivo, but also, after sickling has occurred, in
      the rate of recovery from a sickling crisis.

PMID- 3390915
TI  - Chemistry profiles in "wellness programs": test selection and participant
      outcomes.
AB  - Insurers, employers, and individuals create demands for laboratory testing in
      "wellness programs." Tests chosen to identify cases deserving intervention
      included routine automated chemical tests plus high-density lipoprotein
      cholesterol, ferritin, and thyroid tests. Participants' unwarranted concerns were
      addressed with a personalized reporting schema. We tested 1338 individuals,
      identified 224 (16.7%) with significant abnormalities, and made phone contact
      follow-up with 193 (86%) of these six to 14 months later. Cholesterol results
      suggesting increased risk of heart disease were frequent, and were not studied.
      Interventions were initiated in 55 of the 193 followup cases (49 by physician and
      six by participants), including prescription of iron or thyroid hormone,
      counseling on dietary or alcohol intake, and repeat testing. For 58, there was
      medical advice without intervention; abnormal results were ignored by 79.
      Noteworthy participant anxiety was manifested in two of the 193 cases, both of
      whom were treated with iron. We conclude that 4% of the original 1338
      participants potentially benefitted from intervention. Ferritin and thyroid tests
      initiated 33 (61%) of these 55 specific therapeutic interventions.

PMID- 3390917
TI  - Inaccuracy in measuring glycated albumin concentration by thiobarbituric acid
      colorimetry and by boronate chromatography.
AB  - We compared thiobarbituric acid colorimetry and boronate chromatography for
      measuring glycation of serum proteins. With 14C-glycated human albumin as a test
      material, both methods were acceptably linear and precise. However, comparable
      estimates (mmol/L) of albumin glycation ranged from 0.22 for thiobarbituric acid
      to 0.05 for boronate, representing yields relative to [14C]glycosylprotein of 42%
      and 10%, respectively. The low yield with thiobarbituric acid was corroborated
      independently on the basis of kinetic differences between the reactions of
      fructose standards and of glycosylprotein, leading to underestimation of
      glycosylprotein concentration. The lower estimate of glycosylprotein by boronate
      chromatography was related to an apparent requirement for two [14C]glyco groups
      per albumin molecule to effect binding.

PMID- 3390918
TI  - Modified TDx assay for cyclosporine and metabolites, for use with whole-blood
      samples.
AB  - A recently introduced fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) for
      determination of cyclosporine A in serum and plasma is discussed with regard to
      its use for whole-blood samples, with and without hemolysis before the assay. The
      performance characteristics of the modified method are highly satisfactory
      (within-run CVs 2.06 to 5.50% and 1.99 to 3.39%, respectively; long-term between
      run CVs under routine conditions 5.73 to 8.95%). The limit of detection is 30
      micrograms/L. Results agree well with those obtained with the RIAs compared, but
      the modified FPIA is more convenient and faster.

PMID- 3390916
TI  - An inexpensive method for sensitive enzymatic determination of oxalate in urine
      and plasma.
AB  - In this simple, sensitive, and rapid enzymatic method for the determination of
      oxalate in urine or plasma, oxalate oxidase (EC 1.2.3.4) prepared from barley
      seedlings is used to convert oxalate to carbon dioxide and hydrogen peroxide,
      which is determined photometrically at 600 nm, with use of horseradish
      peroxidase, by oxidative coupling of 3-methyl-2-benzothiazoline hydrazine with
      N,N-dimethylaniline. Plasma is pre-treated by ultrafiltration and co
      precipitation of oxalate with calcium sulfate and ethanol, urine by dilution and
      reversed-phase chromatography on C18 columns. Analytical recovery for urine is 99
      +/- 2%, for plasma 92 +/- 3%. The normal range for urinary excretion is 0.10 to
      0.56 mmol/24 h, and for the concentration in plasma 0.4 to 3.7 mumol/L. There
      were no significant sex-related differences in urinary excretion or plasma
      concentration. Our within- and between-assay coefficients of variation were,
      respectively, less than 3.4% and less than 6.0% for urine, and less than 1.5% and
      less than 4.3% for plasma.

PMID- 3390919
TI  - Effect of ethanol on the ratio between testosterone and epitestosterone in urine.
AB  - The testosterone/epitestosterone weight ratio in urine is used to detect cases of
      doping when an athlete has treated himself with exogenous testosterone. When this
      ratio exceeds 6, it is considered evidence of testosterone doping. We show here
      that intake of ethanol can affect this ratio. Ingestion of 110-160 g of ethanol,
      about 2 g per kilogram body weight, increased the ratio between testosterone and
      epitestosterone in urine from 1.14 +/- 0.07 to 1.52 +/- 0.09 in four healthy male
      volunteers. The increase ranged from 30% to 90% in the different subjects studied
      (mean 41%). In cases where doping with testosterone is suspected, the possibility
      should be considered that at least part of an observed increased
      testosterone/epitestosterone ratio in urine is ascribable to previous ingestion
      of ethanol.

PMID- 3390920
TI  - The role of precision in determining the performance of a thyrotropin assay in
      diagnosing hyperthyroidism.
AB  - We examined the relationship between analytical sensitivity, precision at the
      lower limit of the reference interval, and diagnostic performance in
      hyperthyroidism for one radioimmunoassay and five immunometric assay kits for
      thyrotropin. The analytical sensitivity of these kits extended from 0.05 to 1.56
      milli-int. units/L. Diagnostic efficiencies of the immunometric assays, in
      discriminating between euthyroidism and hyperthyroidism, ranged between 93% and
      98%. There was a highly significant correlation (r = 0.99, P less than 0.001)
      between analytical sensitivity and diagnostic efficiency. The between-assay
      coefficients of variations, at the lower limit of the reference interval, ranged
      from 26% to 87%. There was no correlation (r = 0.36) between precision, at this
      concentration, and diagnostic efficiency. We conclude that analytical sensitivity
      and not precision is the major determinant in controlling the diagnostic
      performance of a thyrotropin assay in hyperthyroidism.

PMID- 3390921
TI  - Accumulation of glycolic acid and glyoxylic acid in serum in cases of transient
      hyperglycinemia after transurethral surgery.
AB  - Experimental data are presented here proving the accumulation of glycine in serum
      after transurethral prostatectomy and increased production of glycine
      metabolites: serine, alanine, glyoxylic acid, and glycolic acid. The presence of
      the metabolites glyoxylic acid and glycolic acid was demonstrated by gas-liquid
      chromatography and mass spectrometry. Glycine, glyoxylic acid, and glycolic acid
      possess neurological activity, so we examined the pathophysiology of the
      transurethral prostatectomy syndrome in view of the transient accumulation of
      these compounds in serum.

PMID- 3390922
TI  - A sensitive bioluminescent immunoinhibition test for CK-B subunit activity and a
      CK-MB specific ELISA compared: correlation with agarose electrophoresis and
      influence of CK-isoenzyme profile on results.
AB  - Searching for alternatives to the imprecise spectrophotometric tests for low
      concentration creatine kinase (EC 2.7.3.2) isoenzyme MB (CK-MB), we investigated
      the analytical performance of two potentially superior approaches--a
      bioluminescent immunoinhibition assay (I, LKB-Wallac) and an ELISA (enzyme
      labeled immunosorbent assay) technique (II, Hybritech)--in comparison with an
      electrophoretic method (III, Beckman). Only I showed good between-day precision
      (CV 8.3%) at the upper reference limit, allowing reproducible assay of CK-B
      subunit activity down to at least 3 U/L. In conditions where CK isoenzyme assays
      remained unaffected by CK-MM concentrations, test results were proportional to
      the amount of CK-MB in the sample up to at least 50 U/L for I, 120 micrograms/L
      for II, and 100 U/L for III (r greater than 0.998 by linear regression analysis).
      For CK-MB-positive samples, the data by I correlated more closely with values by
      III (n = 24; r = 0.994) than did results by II (n = 15; r = 0.909), but both
      methods were equally effective in discriminating between samples with or without
      electrophoretically supranormal CK-MB activity (93% sensitivity). II was entirely
      CK-MB specific, whereas CK-B activity by I was consistently (18/18) increased in
      CK-MB-negative samples containing CK-BB (n = 6; r = 0.996) or macro CK, types 1
      or 2 (n = 12; r = 0.930). I is highly sensitive for screening for increased non
      MM CK activity, the nature of which should be subsequently clarified by
      electrophoresis.

PMID- 3390923
TI  - Determination of plasma bicarbonate of neonates in intensive care.
AB  - Most modern blood-gas analyzers are programmed to use the Henderson-Hasselbalch
      equation to calculate a value for plasma bicarbonate. It has been suggested,
      however, that among acutely ill patients, including newborns, these calculated
      values may be at variance with measured total CO2. To assess the clinical
      significance of such errors, we compared calculated bicarbonate with measured
      total CO2 in 79 blood samples from 40 babies in intensive care. The calculated
      bicarbonate values consistently exceeded the measured values by about 1.5 mmol/L.
      Of the errors, 94% were within the range -10% to +20%. When the systematic bias
      was removed, calculated and measured bicarbonate values agreed within +/- 3.30
      mmol/L in 95% of cases. Because calculated values can be obtained much more
      quickly and frequently than laboratory measurements, we believe that these limits
      are clinically acceptable.

PMID- 3390924
TI  - Influence of hypertension and antihypertensive drugs on the biological intra
      individual variation of electrolytes and lipids in serum.
AB  - Biological intra-individual CVs for Na+, Cl-, K+, calcium, cholesterol, high
      density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides in serum, and hemoglobin in blood
      were estimated in men with essential hypertension (EH) treated with beta-blockers
      and diuretics, and compared with those of normotensive men. Although in EH the
      mean concentrations of Na+, Cl-, K+, hemoglobin, and triglycerides were increased
      and that of HDL cholesterol was decreased, the average intra-individual CVs did
      not significantly differ between the two groups. The mean concentration of
      cholesterol, as well as the average intra-individual CV for it, was significantly
      higher in EH. There was no correlation between the intra-individual CVs for the
      analytes and the mean blood pressure of the individuals. Individual values were
      normally distributed for all analytes. There was no increase of the intra
      individual CV with the lapse of time between consecutively measured values. The
      estimated average biological intra-individual CV was used to derive decision
      making criteria for interpretation of test results observed in monitoring EH.

PMID- 3390925
TI  - The SimulTRAC FT4/TSH assay evaluated as a first-line thyroid-function test.
AB  - We evaluated the SimulTRAC FT4 57Co/TSH 125I dual-isotope assay for the
      simultaneous measurement of free thyroxin (FT4) by radioimmunoassay analog
      techniques and of thyrotropin (TSH) by immunoradiometry. Inter- and intra-assay
      CVs were less than 10% over the entire range tested except for 15.9% at the
      lowest FT4 concentration. Results obtained by the SimulTRAC assay allowed
      complete differentiation of 85 hyperthyroid patients and 35 hypothyroid patients
      from normal subjects. However, such estimations of FT4 or TSH concentrations
      occasionally were misleading for assessing thyroid status in various clinical
      conditions. We conclude that the SimulTRAC assay has the same inherent
      disadvantages possessed by FT4 analog and TSH immunoradiometric assays; however,
      where results of one of the simultaneous assays may be misleading, the results
      provided by the other may indicate the underlying pathology without requiring an
      additional assay.

PMID- 3390926
TI  - Screening for neutral and basic drugs in blood by dual fused-silica column
      chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus detection.
AB  - We describe a capillary gas-chromatographic method for detection and
      quantification of basic and neutral drugs in the plasma of patients thought to be
      poisoned after dangerous overdose. Without further derivatization, the drugs are
      extracted from 1 mL of plasma, at basic pH, into diethyl ether. The extracts are
      injected onto two fused-silica capillary columns of different polarity (Ultra 1
      and CP Sil 19 CB) coupled to nitrogen-phosphorus detectors. Under these
      conditions, drug-free plasmas give blank chromatograms, with a peak only for the
      internal standard (RN 927, an antihistamine not being marketed). Plasma samples
      from patients who have taken drugs show additional peaks, the relative retention
      times (RRTs) of which are used to identify the drugs. Here we list the RRTs of
      about 200 drugs on the two columns. Analyses are routinely performed with an
      automatic injector; overall analysis time is about 1 h per sample. During the
      last six years, more than 1000 plasma samples per year have been analyzed. We
      find this method a powerful tool for toxicological analysis, especially in cases
      of multi-drug intoxications.

PMID- 3390927
TI  - Total creatine kinase (CK) and CK-B activity in maternal blood and cord-blood
      samples after vaginal and cesarean births.
AB  - We studied variations in the activity of total creatine kinase (CK; EC 2.7.3.2)
      and of CK-B in maternal and cord-blood samples, comparing data obtained for
      vaginal and cesarean births. CK-B activity was determined with an
      immunoinhibition assay. In all cases, there was a significant postpartum increase
      in total CK and in CK-B activity in maternal sera, whereas cord-blood samples
      showed no significant differences between activities in arterial and venous blood
      for either vaginal or cesarean births. Statistically significant differences were
      found in CK-B activity, but not in total CK, between cord-blood samples from
      vaginal births and those from cesareans.

PMID- 3390928
TI  - Lithium determined in serum with an ion-selective electrode.
AB  - We evaluated the performance of the lithium ion-selective electrode (ISE) in the
      Du Pont Na/K/Li analyzer. Lithium concentrations in 106 serum samples from
      patients being treated with lithium were measured in duplicate with the ISE and
      by flame photometry. The slope of the regression line for the two methods was
      1.004 with a standard error of the estimate of 0.049 mmol/L (x = flame
      photometry, y = ISE). Lithium measurements by the ISE method in serum or aqueous
      standards were linear to greater than 2.0 mmol/L. Within-run CVs for low (0.31
      mmol/L) and high (1.15 mmol/L) lithium controls were 5.9% and 1.7%, respectively
      (n = 20). Day-to-day CVs for the same controls were 9.8% and 3.3%, respectively
      (n = 20). There was no significant interference when the concentrations of
      sodium, potassium, calcium, or magnesium were varied, nor did intervening urinary
      lithium analyses affect the measurement of serum lithium. Results for lithium
      measurement in four serum-based survey materials compared well with results by
      isotope dilution/mass spectrometry.

PMID- 3390929
TI  - Significance of isolated increases in total lactate dehydrogenase and its
      isoenzymes in serum of patients with bacterial pneumonia.
AB  - Total lactate dehydrogenase (LD, EC 1.1.1.27) activity in serum and LD isoenzymes
      were quantified at the time of diagnosis in 320 patients with bacterial
      pneumonia. In eighty, LD activity was increased, but this was accompanied by
      either other pathological results for liver-function tests or associated diseases
      that could explain it. The remaining 240 patients were divided into four groups,
      based on their total serum LD values: group A, less than 225 U/L (normal limit);
      group B, 226-350 U/L; group C, 351-499 U/L; and group D, greater than 500 U/L.
      Total LD was above normal at diagnosis in 40% of the patients. Recovery time was
      twice as long in group D as in groups A, B, and C. In five patients from group D,
      the pneumonia reflected underlying lung cancer. In groups B and C, the LD-3 ratio
      was increased in comparison with group A; in group D, LD-4 and LD-5 were
      increased up to twice the normal limit. Evidently nearly half of patients with
      bacterial pneumonia may show isolated increases in total LD activity (mostly LD
      3) in serum. In cases with high activity, prolonged recovery time is expected.
      Intensive follow-up and extensive investigation are warranted in these patients,
      because some may have underlying lung cancer.

PMID- 3390930
TI  - Does serial determination of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes 1 and 2 ratios
      contribute to the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction?

PMID- 3390931
TI  - Improved method for emergency screening for ethylene glycol in serum.

PMID- 3390932
TI  - Stability of cocaine in saliva.

PMID- 3390934
TI  - Time-independence of granulocyte functions in healthy subjects.

PMID- 3390933
TI  - Demonstration of ceruloplasmin in serum by polyacrylamide gel disc
      electrophoresis with benzidine staining.

PMID- 3390937
TI  - Pyrazinamide interference in the Ferrochem II determination of iron.

PMID- 3390935
TI  - Phenolsulfonphthalein interferes with measurement of urinary protein in the Du
      Pont analyzer.

PMID- 3390936
TI  - Effect of duration of pre-incubation on the specificity of the fructosamine
      assay.

PMID- 3390938
TI  - Analyses of miscellaneous body fluids with the Kodak "Ektachem 700" analyzer.

PMID- 3390939
TI  - Effect of iron saturation on the TDx transferrin assay.

PMID- 3390940
TI  - Kodak Ektachem method for theophylline in serum evaluated.

PMID- 3390941
TI  - The modified "aca" method for serum iron quantification eliminates deferoxamine
      interference.

PMID- 3390942
TI  - Measurement of urinary protein with the Greiner G450.

PMID- 3390943
TI  - Creatine kinase increased after a scuba diving incident.

PMID- 3390944
TI  - Performance evaluation: Lytening 1 analyzer compared with the Astra 8.

PMID- 3390945
TI  - Liquid-chromatographic separation of liver and bone alkaline phosphatase in human
      serum.

PMID- 3390946
TI  - Treatment of plasma samples before assay of digoxin-like immunoreactivity: three
      methods compared.

PMID- 3390947
TI  - Relations between total cholesterol, calcium, and zinc in human subjects:
      importance of area-related factors.

PMID- 3390948
TI  - The term "random access" is inappropriate as a descriptor for clinical-analysis
      systems.

PMID- 3390949
TI  - Discrepant serum total protein results for serum from some myeloma patients, as
      analyzed in the SMAC.

PMID- 3390950
TI  - Must CSF oligoclonal bands be unique to cerebrospinal fluid and absent from serum
      to support the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis?

PMID- 3390951
TI  - Linearity of the Amersham thyrotropin assay.

PMID- 3390952
TI  - Effect of sodium heparin on measurements of osmolality and sodium in blood.

PMID- 3390953
TI  - Interpretation of results for thyrotropin in serum.

PMID- 3390954
TI  - Correlations between abnormalities in chromium and glucose metabolism in a group
      of diabetics.

PMID- 3390955
TI  - Albumin determination in frozen urines--underestimated results.
AB  - Albumin determination by radioimmunoassay in fresh and frozen urine collections
      from 73 patients were performed. The values for albumin in fresh urines were 1
      200 mg/24 h and were significantly higher (p less than 0.001) than the
      corresponding values in urines frozen for seven days (40.7 mg/24 h +/- 5.0 vs.
      32.0 mg/24 h +/- 4.3). Similar results were obtained for protein determination,
      using turbidimetry, in urine collections from 45 proteinuric patients. Iodinated
      human albumin added to urine specimens was higher (p less than 0.001) in the
      pellets from frozen urines compared to urines kept at 4 degrees C for 1 and/or 7
      days. By contrast, the radioactivity in the pellet of fresh urines kept at 4
      degrees C for 1 or 7 days did not show any significant change. We suggest that
      freezing results in a partial albumin and protein sedimentation. Thus,
      determination of albumin in frozen urine specimens underestimates the real value
      by about 20%. This underestimation will limit our ability to diagnose borderline
      cases of microalbuminuria.

PMID- 3390956
TI  - Effect of chronic ethanol ingestion on alpha-mannosidase isoenzymes in rat liver.
AB  - Identification of biochemical changes induced by ethanol ingestion would aid in
      the diagnosis and management of many alcohol-related problems in man. In this
      paper we identify a pH 5.5 alpha-mannosidase activity in the rat which is
      affected by chronic ethanol consumption. Chronic (16 wk) ingestion of alcohol
      (36% of calories) causes the activity of this alpha-mannosidase (thought to be
      the cytosolic alpha-mannosidase) in liver to decrease by 50%. We hypothesize that
      this deficiency of (pH 5.5) alpha-mannosidase activity may account for the
      reduced rate of secretion of glycoproteins by livers of alcohol-fed rats reported
      by other investigators (Volentine et al, Hepatology 1987;7:490-495).

PMID- 3390958
TI  - Enzymatic analysis of total- and HDL-cholesterol: comparison with the
      standardized Liebermann-Burchard method used by the Lipid Research Clinics
      program.
AB  - We compared two enzymatic cholesterol methods with the standardized chemical
      method used in the Lipid Research Clinic's (LRC) program. The methods were used
      to measure total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in
      heparin-MnCl2 supernatants of 1,812 sera collected over a 16-mth period from
      subjects who were sampled as part of the Hispanic Health and Nutrition
      Examination Survey. Thirty percent of the subjects had fasted for 12 h or more
      before venepuncture. The enzymatic total cholesterol values were 1.4-1.8% lower
      than the LRC method and both enzymatic methods correlated highly with the LRC
      method (r greater than 0.97). The enzymatic HDL cholesterol values were 2.4 and
      6.4% higher than the LRC method, and the correlation between the enzymatic and
      LRC methods was greater than 0.93. The differences between the enzymatic and LRC
      methods were the same in samples from fasting and non-fasting subjects.

PMID- 3390957
TI  - Distribution of tocopherol among human plasma lipoproteins.
AB  - A study of the distribution of alpha-tocopherol among the plasma lipoproteins of
      19 healthy adults, 20 pregnant women at delivery, and the umbilical cord blood of
      their fetuses has shown the following. 1. In healthy adults, LDL in males
      contained slightly more tocopherol than did HDL, while non-pregnant females
      showed the opposite tendency. 2. In the pregnant women, the percent distribution
      of tocopherol was much higher in VLDL fractions, and lower in HDL fractions, as
      compared with non-pregnant women. 3. In cord blood, the percent distribution of
      tocopherol was extremely low in LDL fractions, but it was high in HDL fractions.
      4. The distribution of tocopherol among lipoproteins was directly related to the
      total lipid contents of the lipoprotein fractions in all groups examined. After
      the oral administration of tocopherol to healthy adults, the changes in RBC
      tocopherol concentrations correlated most closely with those in HDL tocopherol.

PMID- 3390959
TI  - Urinary purines, pyrimidines and nucleosides in uridine-treated orotic aciduria.

PMID- 3390960
TI  - Plasma levels and renal clearance of two isomers of dopamine sulfate in patients
      with essential hypertension.
AB  - Two isomers of dopamine sulfate, dopamine 3-O-sulfate(3-O-S) and dopamine 4-O
      sulfate(4-O-S), in the plasma and urine of patients with essential hypertension
      and normotensive controls were measured by HPLC-fluorometry. The plasma level of
      3-O-S was significantly higher in patients with essential hypertension than in
      normotensive controls (20.9 +/- 2.2 pmol/ml and 16.3 +/- 1.4 pmol/ml
      respectively, p less than 0.05) and the plasma levels of 4-O-S were slightly
      increased in hypertensive patients. The plasma level of 3-O-S was correlated with
      the serum level of creatinine in both normotensives and hypertensives. In
      hypertensives, the plasma level of 3-O-S was also correlated with that of
      noradrenaline. However the creatinine clearances were similar in the two groups,
      the urinary clearance of 3-O-S was slightly lower in patients with essential
      hypertension than in normotensive controls. These data indicate that the plasma
      level of 3-O-S is elevated in essential hypertension because of the abnormality
      in dopaminergic metabolism and renal disturbance in its excretion.

PMID- 3390961
TI  - A comparison of blood pressure measurements obtained with the Dinamap 845XT, the
      standard mercury sphygmomanometer and the London School of Hygiene device.
AB  - Blood pressure measurements obtained with the Dinamap 845XT Vital Signs monitor
      were compared with measurements obtained with a standard mercury sphygmomanometer
      and a London School of Hygiene mercury sphygmomanometer in a group of 31
      normotensive and hypertensive subjects. The experimental design allowed reading
      to be taken with all 3 devices at approximately the same time. 12 sets of
      readings were obtained with each device in each subject. Although inter-device
      differences estimated from analysis of variance were small (less than 2 mmHg
      after allowing for calibration differences) differences between measurements
      taken simultaneously with the 3 devices were often substantial. Agreement between
      the two mercury sphygmomanometers was better than that between either
      sphygmomanometer and the Dinamap. This may be a reflection of fundamental
      differences between auscultatory and oscillometric measurements. Differences
      between devices were unrelated to blood pressure level. The observed variability
      within subjects was similar with each device.

PMID- 3390962
TI  - Comparison of a new portable electronic sphygmomanometer (Copal UA251) with the
      Hawksley random zero machine.
AB  - The performance of the Copal Digital Sphygmomanometer UA251, a new semi-automatic
      blood pressure recorder, was evaluated by comparing the results obtained
      simultaneously and on the same arm using the standard zero-muddler
      sphygmomanometer. The study was performed on 67 hypertensive patients displaying
      a wide range of blood pressure and arm circumference. The agreement was
      acceptable with a mean difference, using the first set of readings of -0.45 (S.D.
      2.9, range 8 to -5) and -0.95 (S.D. 2.6, range 6 to -4) mmHg for the systolic and
      diastolic pressures respectively. The repeatability of the Copal machine was also
      good; the mean difference between first and second measurements was -0.21 (S.D.
      3.4, range 11 to -11) and -0.69 (S.D. 1.9, range 5 to -8) mmHg for systolic and
      diastolic readings respectively. Since this electronic machine has an acceptable
      accuracy, is readily portable, simple to use and relatively inexpensive, it seems
      suitable for use both in clinics and for more frequent monitoring of blood
      pressure throughout the day.

PMID- 3390963
TI  - The influence of aging on angiotensinogen production by rat vascular smooth
      muscle cells in vitro.
AB  - Aortic smooth muscle cells from 3, 12 and 24 mo old rats were grown in cell
      culture. All of the cultures produced angiotensinogen, but cultures from 24 mo
      old rats produced significantly more (p less than 0.01). These results suggest
      that angiotensinogen is synthesized in arterial smooth muscle. Furthermore, when
      the activity of the plasma renin system decreases with advancing age, increased
      activity of a local angiotensin system may contribute to the regulation of
      vascular tone.

PMID- 3390964
TI  - Biosynthesis of 18-hydroxydeoxycorticosterone and corticosterone in adrenal
      tissue of rat strains with salt-dependent hypertension.
AB  - Biosynthetic patterns of 18-OH-deoxycorticosterone (18-OH-DOC) and corticosterone
      (B) in adrenal tissue of Wistar-rats and two rat strains with salt-dependent
      hypertension (Dahl-, Sabra-rats) were measured by means of quantitative HPLC
      analysis. The relative activity of 18-hydroxylation is expressed as the ratio 18
      OH-DOC/18-OH-DOC + B, in the following called Q. Wistar-rats show a constant
      product ratio Q of 0.40 +/- 0.01. Dahl-rats, however, exhibit typical differences
      between the two substrains. Adrenal tissue of salt-resistant (Dahl-R) rats
      produces significantly less 18-OH-DOC than tissue from salt-sensitive (Dahl-S)
      rats: Q = 0.17 +/- 0.01 (Dahl-R) vs. Q = 0.37 +/- 0.01 (Dahl-S). No such
      difference was observed between the two Sabra-substrains. This indicates, that
      other mechanisms than an altered 11 beta-18-hydroxylation are involved in the
      salt-dependent hypertension of Sabra-rats.

PMID- 3390965
TI  - Glomerular and vascular lesions in DOCA-salt hypertension: the role of
      anticoagulation.
AB  - The aim of the present experiments was to determine if anticoagulant and
      antithrombotic drugs, which protect against hypertension and vascular damage in
      some models of hypertension, have a similar effect in DOCA-salt hypertension.
      Unilaterally nephrectomized rats received injections of deoxycorticosterone
      acetate (DOCA) and 1% saline to drink and were treated with either heparin,
      defibrotide, low molecular weight (LMW) heparin or vehicle (control) for five and
      a half weeks. At sacrifice heparin treated rats had decreased hematocrit (p less
      than 0.001) and prolonged APTT (p less than 0.001). LMW heparin and defibrotide
      groups did not differ from control animals in either hematocrit or APTT. The
      systolic blood pressure (SBP) of heparin treated rats at sacrifice was lower than
      control (p less than 0.05) but, there were no other differences in SBP throughout
      the course of the experiment. Renal morphology revealed a lower number of
      glomerular epithelial cell droplets in the heparin group (p less than 0.01) only.
      Vascular damage did not differ significantly between groups.

PMID- 3390967
TI  - Selected abstracts of the annual scientific meeting of the German Hypertension
      League. Trier, Germany, November 26-28, 1987.

PMID- 3390966
TI  - Open-field behaviour and blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
AB  - The relation between the development of hypertension and changes in behaviour was
      investigated. Open-field activity of male and female Spontaneously Hypertensive
      Rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto controls (WKY) was scored at 4, 6 or 10 weeks of age.
      SHR generally showed higher locomotor activity and exploratory rearing behaviour,
      but lower grooming activity and defecation. These changes were found for rearing
      (3-5 fold increase) and grooming scores at all ages, ambulation at 4 weeks and 10
      weeks (ambulation-inner) and defecation at 6 and 10 weeks of age. Differences
      were generally more pronounced in female rats. SHR showed less habituation than
      WKY. Already at the age of 4 and 6 weeks blood pressure was increased in SHR
      compared with WKY (approximately 120 mm Hg vs. 100 mm Hg). Between 6 and 10 weeks
      of age blood pressure increased rapidly in SHR, leading to a marked difference at
      the latter age (about 40 mm Hg), in both male and female rats. These experiments
      show that already at a young age, when blood pressure differences with WKY are
      small, marked behavioural changes are present in SHR. The altered behaviour could
      play a role in the development of hypertension in SHR.

PMID- 3390969
TI  - HLA class II antigen expression and the autoimmune thyroid response in patients
      with benign and malignant thyroid tumors.
AB  - To further understand the relationship between the immune system and the
      neoplastic human thyroid cell we investigated the degree of intrathyroidal
      lymphocytic infiltration and thyroid HLA class II expression in 17 patients with
      thyroid tumors. In another 60 thyroid tumor patients the association of thyroidal
      lymphocytic infiltration with thyroid autoantibody production was analyzed. In
      total 117 thyroid tissues were examined including tissue obtained at autopsy (n =
      28), fetal thyroid tissue (n = 4), thyroid samples obtained from areas distant
      from benign follicular adenomas (n = 5), and 80 abnormal thyroids including
      patients with benign (n = 53) or malignant (n = 24) thyroid tumors and
      Hashimoto's thyroiditis (n = 3). Normal adult and fetal thyroid tissue had no
      significant lymphocytic infiltration and no detectable HLA-DR, -DP, or -DQ
      antigens on their thyroid follicular epithelial cells. The degree of lymphocytic
      infiltration in the nonneoplastic thyroid tissue of thyroid glands with benign
      and malignant thyroid tumors varied considerably and correlated with the presence
      and titer of serum thyroid autoantibodies measured by sensitive ELISA techniques.
      However, all but one of the benign follicular adenomas had thyroid cells negative
      for HLA class II determinants despite the presence of infiltrating lymphocytes,
      while 7 of 10 thyroid carcinomas expressed class II antigen (principally HLA-DR)
      even when only minor degrees of lymphocytic infiltration were present. These data
      indicate a correlation between lymphocytic infiltrates and serum thyroid
      autoantibody titers but the relationship with HLA class II expression is more
      complex. Since we have previously shown that HLA class II antigen expression can
      be induced by local interferon-gamma secretion, presumably from activated T
      cells, we conclude that estimates of simple thyroid lymphocytic infiltration and
      serum autoantibody secretion do not correlate with the degree of intrathyroidal T
      cell activation. Furthermore, our observation of increased expression of HLA
      class II antigens in thyroid cancer suggests considerable cellular heterogeneity
      in susceptibility to HLA class II antigen induction in human thyroid disease.

PMID- 3390968
TI  - Antibodies against acetylcholinesterase and low levels of cholinesterases in a
      patient with an atypical neuromuscular disorder.
AB  - Antibodies against acetylcholinesterase were found in the serum of a patient
      presenting dyspnea, generalized muscle paresis, diminished tendon reflexes, and
      fasciculations. Electrodiagnostic studies showed a decremental response, an
      incomplete interference pattern, and reduced motor nerve conduction velocity.
      Edrophonium administration resulted in extreme cholinergic crisis. Biopsies
      displayed muscle atrophy and nervous tissue degeneration. Recurrent acute
      respiratory failure ended in death. The patient's serum pseudocholinesterase and
      red blood cells acetylcholinesterase levels were generally very low, with
      periodical fluctuations. Minute quantities of the patient's serum inhibited the
      activity of cholinesterases from normal human serum and from various fetal
      tissues. Enzyme inhibition was abolished following preadsorption of the serum
      immunoglobulins with goat antihuman Fab, and radioiodinated acetylcholinesterase
      from human erythrocytes was precipitated by the patient's serum, confirming that
      anticholinesterase antibodies were present. Acetylcholinesterase extracted from
      fetal striated muscle with detergent and salt was inhibited to a larger extent
      than the enzymes similarly prepared from other fetal tissues and more efficiently
      than buffer-soluble muscle enzyme. These findings suggest that the patient's
      serum contained antibodies which interacted preferentially with the membrane
      associated forms of muscle acetylcholinesterase and indicate that autoantibodies
      against acetylcholinesterase could play a role in the pathogenesis of the
      disease.

PMID- 3390970
TI  - Immune complexes in sera from patients with rheumatoid vasculitis induce
      polymorphonuclear cell-mediated injury to endothelial cells.
AB  - The ability of sera from 11 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) complicated
      by leukocytoclastic vasculitis (RV) to induce injury to cultured monolayers of
      human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HEC) was investigated. Injury was
      assessed in vitro using assays of cell lysis and cell detachment. Sera from
      patients with RV produced neither direct injury to HEC monolayers nor indirect
      injury when cocultured with HEC and normal peripheral blood polymorphonuclear
      cells (PMN). However, immune complexes (Icx) isolated from these sera induced
      nonlytic PMN-mediated HEC detachment. The inhibitory effect of serum on PMN
      mediated HEC detachment induced by Icx could be attributed both to a different
      response of PMN to Icx present in serum compared to isolated Icx and to the
      presence of protease inhibitors in serum. The results of this study show that
      sera from patients with RV do not contain factors that can injure HEC directly
      and provide further support for the hypothesis that Icx and PMN play important
      roles in the pathogenesis of immune vascular injury.

PMID- 3390971
TI  - Experimental autoimmune arthritis in mice. II. Early events in the elicitation of
      the autoimmune phenomenon induced by homologous type II collagen.
AB  - Intradermal injection of 100 micrograms of native homologous type II collagen
      (CII) into DBA/1-susceptible mice induced a progressive and chronic
      polyarthritis. This experimental autoimmune arthritis (EAA) closely mimicked the
      clinical evolution of human rheumatoid arthritis (RA) except for the sex linkage.
      Males were highly susceptible to EAA induction even when the amount of
      autoantigen injected was reduced to 25 micrograms. Conversely, females remained
      resistant to the disease even when a booster injection of 50 micrograms was
      administered. With regard to age, no major difference in the incidence was
      observed, although younger males developed a more severe arthritis than older
      ones. Anti-CII autoantibodies were detected in all immunized animals, regardless
      of the presence or absence of joint pathology. However, in arthritic mice, the
      onset of the disease was associated with a predominance of IgG2a autoantibodies.
      Kinetic studies revealed that females as well as males exhibited early
      histological lesions and detectable humoral responses toward mouse CII as of the
      second week postimmunization. Moreover, a specific cellular autoreactivity to
      homologous CII occurred in different lymphoid organs with a higher intensity in
      females than in males. Taken together, these findings suggest that homologous CII
      injection induces an early subclinical arthritis that develops progressively in
      all immunized mice, but would be down-regulated several weeks after priming,
      exclusively in females.

PMID- 3390972
TI  - Peripheral blood monocyte/macrophages and serum tumor necrosis factor in Kawasaki
      disease.
AB  - We analyzed the populations of peripheral blood monocyte/macrophages in 27
      patients using a fluorescence-activated cell sorter, and investigated the
      possibility, in another 30 patients, that tumor necrosis factor (TNF) might be
      detectable in serum during the acute phase of Kawasaki disease (KD). Percentages
      of peripheral blood monocyte/macrophages among mononuclear cells and serum TNF
      levels were both seen to increase during the acute phase of the illness in
      patients with KD. The percentage of TNF positive cases in KD patients with
      coronary involvement was higher than that of patients without coronary
      involvement. These results suggest the possibility that immunological activation,
      accompanied by the secretion of TNF from monocyte/macrophages, is an important
      predisposing condition for the exacerbation of vascular damage in KD.

PMID- 3390973
TI  - Menkes disease: a Golgi and electron microscopic study of the cerebellar cortex.
AB  - A neuropathological study of a case of Menkes disease is reported, illustrating
      the involvement of different types of neuronal cells. The cerebellum showed the
      most striking abnormalities: severe lack of internal granule cells. Purkinje
      cells with weeping willow pattern, numerous segmental enlargements of dendritic
      trunks and secondary branches, and presence of numerous eosinphilic spherical
      bodies in the molecular layer were the most conspicuous features. Using electron
      microscopy, the dendritic enlargements were observed to be made of both
      proliferated and enlarged mitochondria, and of saccules of smooth endoplasmic
      reticulum. The spheroid bodies in the molecular layer were mainly made of
      concentric lamellar structures which seemed to be proliferated smooth endoplasmic
      reticulum. The relationship between these morphological abnormalities and the
      metabolic disorder of Menkes disease is discussed.

PMID- 3390974
TI  - Neuropathological findings in penicillamine-treated patients with Wilson's
      disease.
AB  - We report the terminal neurological impairment, amount of penicillamine taken,
      neuropathology and cerebral copper content of eleven patients with Wilson's
      disease treated for as long as 17 years. Therapy was accompanied by complete
      resolution of neurologic symptomatology in five patients and significant
      improvement in the neuro-psychiatric manifestations in six. Abnormal glial cells
      were seen in all the brains; gross or micro-cavitary changes were present in the
      putamina of eight. Of the four sets of observations, there was virtually no
      correlation between the degree of neurologic dysfunction - if any - in the months
      before death and either the amount of penicillamine taken or the cerebral copper
      content. There was, however, a fair degree of correlation between the severity of
      the neuropathologic findings and cerebral copper content.

PMID- 3390975
TI  - Basilar artery giant fusiform aneurysms caused by congenital defect of the
      internal elastic lamina and media.
AB  - Giant fusiform aneurysms of the basilar artery were found in a 6-year-old boy who
      subsequently died after rupture of the aneurysm, and in a 64-year-old man who
      showed signs of ischemia and compression of the brain stem. Autopsy disclosed
      strikingly similar abnormalities of the wall of the basilar artery, consisting of
      a defect of the internal elastic lamina and absence of the media. A congenital
      anomaly may play a role in the pathogenesis of this abnormality, in both young
      and some elderly patients.

PMID- 3390976
TI  - A false-positive hepatobiliary scan in a patient with cystic fibrosis.
AB  - A case of nonvisualization of the gallbladder in an adult patient with cystic
      fibrosis in the absence of acute cholecystitis is reported. Delayed images to 20
      hours showed persistent nonvisualization. Review of the literature on cystic
      fibrosis suggests that nonvisualization of the gallbladder may be secondary to
      inspissated mucus rather than acute cholecystitis, and therefore a positive
      hepatobiliary scan in these patients should be interpreted with caution.

PMID- 3390977
TI  - Visualization of the spleen with radiophosphate in severe combined
      immunodeficiency disease.
AB  - This is a case report of a 12-month-old male suffering from severe combined
      immunodeficiency disease who demonstrated an intense concentration of MDP in the
      spleen. The precise mechanism for this accretion is not known and remains
      speculative.

PMID- 3390978
TI  - Dosimetry of technetium-99m red blood cells labeled in vivo.
AB  - Mean organ doses received from Tc-99m red blood cells labeled in vivo were
      calculated by the MIRD method using biodistribution data reported in the
      literature. The organ receiving the greatest dose was found to be the heart,
      followed closely by the bladder and stomach. Relatively high doses are also
      received by the blood, spleen, and lungs. Intermediate absorbed doses are
      received by the thyroid and kidneys, whereas organs with small blood
      concentrations and the remainder of the body receive the smallest doses. The
      major portion of the absorbed doses delivered to the stomach and the thyroid is
      due to the presence of free pertechnetate.

PMID- 3390979
TI  - Squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid.
AB  - A patient with squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid is presented. The I-123
      images failed to show any cold areas but demonstrated the posterior extension of
      the gland.

PMID- 3390980
TI  - Positive iodine-131 6 beta-iodomethyl-19-norcholesterol (NP-59) adrenal images
      can precede return of adrenocortical function after o,p' DDD treatment.
AB  - A patient with bilateral adrenal hyperplasia, due to the ectopic
      adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) syndrome, received a 3-month course of
      treatment with 1,1 dichloro-2(o-chlorophenyl)-2-(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (o,p'
      DDD), which caused adrenal hypofunction requiring steroid therapy. Eleven months
      later, Cushing's syndrome recurred. His CT scan showed a left adrenal gland that
      was enlarged and a normal-sized right adrenal gland. However, the NP-59 image
      showed increased uptake by both glands. Venous effluent was sampled from each
      adrenal vein. The plasma cortisol level from the left gland was 1392 ng/ml, and
      that from the right gland was 667 ng/ml. The latter value was not significantly
      different from the values obtained at peripheral sites (517-744 ng/ml). In the
      course of recovery from o,p' DDD damage, the ability of the adrenal gland to take
      up NP-59 may be restored before the return of its biosynthetic and secretory
      functions. Serial NP-59 adrenal images can anticipate the recurrence of Cushing's
      syndrome after adrenolytic therapy, thereby permitting early retreatment.

PMID- 3390981
TI  - Iodine-123 MIBG imaging in a generalized pancreatic polypeptide-gastrin-serotonin
      secreting tumor.
AB  - The usefulness of radio-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG), a specific
      radiopharmaceutical agent for scintigraphic imaging and treatment of
      phaeochromocytoma and neuroblastoma, has been extended to the location of
      carcinoid tumors. Scintigraphic evaluation with I-123 MIBG in a patient with a
      histologically proven endocrine tumor (apudoma) of unknown origin with liver and
      bone metastases is reported. Elevated plasma hormone levels of gastrin,
      pancreatic polypeptide, and serotonin were found. Tumoral content of these
      hormones was immunocytochemically confirmed on liver biopsy. I-123 MIBG uptake
      could be seen in those areas of the liver with deficient lesions in the Tc-99m
      colloid image with a maximal uptake in a large mass at the level of the left
      liver lobe. No abnormal uptake could be observed at any other level, which was in
      contrast with autopsy findings of generalized metastatic disease.

PMID- 3390982
TI  - Abnormal gallium uptake in anticardiolipin syndrome: an unexplained phenomenon.
AB  - A case of asymmetrical gallium uptake in the musculature of a young woman with
      anticardiolipin syndrome is reported. The patient was asymptomatic in the areas
      of involvement, muscle biopsy was normal, and the abnormal gallium accumulation
      was unchanged on repeat evaluation 7 months later. Possible causes for the
      abnormal gallium uptake are proposed, but the mechanisms of uptake in this case
      remain unclear. Nuclear physicians should be aware of this disorder and the
      potential for abnormal gallium uptake with this syndrome.

PMID- 3390983
TI  - Bile ascites from a ruptured choledochal cyst detected by hepatobiliary imaging.

PMID- 3390984
TI  - Scintigraphic demonstration of hepatocellular damage after verapamil toxicity.

PMID- 3390985
TI  - Superior vena caval obstruction noted on hepatic flow study.

PMID- 3390987
TI  - Sigmoid augmentation artefact in skeletal imaging.

PMID- 3390986
TI  - Cold technetium-99m HDP and hot gallium-67 images of metastatic adenocarcinoma of
      bone.

PMID- 3390988
TI  - Follicular adenocarcinoma arising in a thyroglossal duct remnant.

PMID- 3390989
TI  - Relationships between laterality of congenital upper limb reduction defects and
      school performance.
AB  - Eighty children (34 males, 46 females) with congenital upper limb reduction
      defects who attended a regional amputee clinic between 1956 and 1986 were
      classified as to whether they exhibited learning difficulties in school, as
      indicated by grade failure or by placement in learning disability classrooms.
      Children with right-sided defects were more likely to encounter learning
      difficulties than were children with left-sided defects (Chi-square = 6.8; df =
      1; p less than 0.01). Children with right-limb defects also were more likely than
      children with left-limb defects to experience reading problems (Chi-square = 5.9;
      df = 1; p less than 0.05). These results suggest the need for neuropsychological
      and neurophysiological study of children with limb reduction defects.

PMID- 3390990
TI  - Recurrent hypothermia and thrombocytopenia after severe neonatal brain infection.
AB  - Two children with multiple severe disabilities due to brain destruction by
      neonatal infection had recurrent hypothermia (less than 34 degrees C) with
      associated thrombocytopenia (less than 50,000), and clinical hemorrhage. They
      also had milder, less consistent erythroid and myeloid cell line abnormalities.
      The hypothermia was presumed to be due to hypothalamic dysfunction. Rewarming was
      always followed by correction of hematologic problems, but normal temperature was
      difficult to maintain. Recognition of this entity may improve long-term
      management of some severely disabled children.

PMID- 3390991
TI  - Sweat tests in patients with diabetes insipidus.
AB  - Increased sweat chloride concentrations have been reported in patients with
      nephrogenic (NDI) but not central diabetes insipidus (CDI). To determine whether
      false-positive sweat tests also occur in CDI, six subjects with CDI had plasma
      electrolytes, osmolatities, and sweat tests performed before and after water
      deprivation. All subjects were hyperosmolar after dehydration (287 +/- 2.0 and
      296 +/- 3.2 mosm/kg, plasma osmolality before and after dehydration,
      respectively; p = 0.02). Sweat chloride concentrations before and after
      dehydration were not different, and no positive sweat tests were observed. Sweat
      chloride concentrations after dehydration did not correlate with the degree of
      dehydration as assessed by either plasma sodium or plasma osmolality. We conclude
      that increased concentrations of chloride in sweat are not typically found in
      dehydrated subjects with CDI, although they have been reported in subjects with
      the nephrogenic form.

PMID- 3390992
TI  - Athletic overuse injuries in children. A 30-month prospective follow-up study at
      an outpatient sports clinic.
AB  - A 30-month prospective follow-up study of children's overuse injuries at an
      outpatient sports clinic was carried out to determine the number, profile, and
      specific features of these injuries compared with those of young adults. During
      this period 74 athletically active boys (less than or equal to 15 years), 83
      girls, 255 men (21-30 years), and 77 women visited the station because of an
      overuse sports injury of the musculoskeletal system. About one-third of the
      patients of each group did not seek medical help until more than 6 months after
      the onset of the symptoms. The injuries most commonly affected the lower
      extremities, with the knee joint involved in about one third of patients. In
      girls and women, the lower back (13%) was significantly more frequently affected
      than in boys and men (6%) (p less than 0.01). Thirty two percent of all boys'
      overuse problems were classified as exercise-induced growth disorders and
      osteochondritic pains (apophysitides, etc.), but in girls only 13% had a similar
      basis. The most common diagnosis among boys was Osgood-Schlatter's disease (13
      patients, 18%); in girls it was nonspecific synovitis of the knee (9, 16%).

PMID- 3390994
TI  - A suggested solution to the confusion in attention deficit diagnoses.

PMID- 3390993
TI  - Necrotizing fasciitis as a complication of chickenpox.
AB  - Necrotizing fasciitis is a rapid, potentially fatal soft tissue infection.
      Chickenpox is a common childhood illness not usually associated with severe
      complications. We present the case of an 8-year-old girl with necrotizing
      fasciitis of the upper back arising from superinfection of varicella skin
      lesions. Necrotizing fasciitis may have devastating sequelae, including septic
      shock, which mandate vigorous fluid resuscitation, appropriate antimicrobial
      therapy, and early aggressive surgical debridement.

PMID- 3390995
TI  - Sleep apnea in children without hypertrophy of the tonsils.
AB  - Two 12-year-old boys with severe sleep apnea syndrome but normal-sized tonsils
      were satisfactorily corrected by tonsillectomy and uvulopalatopharyngoplasty. One
      of the boys had muscular hypotony as contributing cause of the condition. The
      other had mandibular hypoplasia in combination with a long soft palate. Thorough
      preoperative anamnesis and examination in a sleep laboratory are necessary to
      determine which cases will benefit from surgery in spite of normal-sized tonsils
      and which surgical procedure will be most helpful.

PMID- 3390996
TI  - Acute tolerance to cocaine in humans.
AB  - There is controversy as to whether acute tolerance develops to the principal
      effects of cocaine in humans. The studies described here demonstrate the
      phenomenon of acute tolerance to cocaine chronotropic and subjective effects and
      the rate and extent of tolerance development. Stable plasma cocaine
      concentrations were produced and then maintained in volunteer cocaine users by
      administering an intravenous cocaine injection followed by a cocaine infusion
      designed to compensate for the plasma clearance of cocaine. The euphoric effect
      (high) intensified to a peak at about 1 hour and then declined toward baseline at
      4 hours despite the presence of constant plasma cocaine levels. The chronotropic
      effect reached a peak within 10 minutes and then declined, with a half-life of 31
      +/- 13 (mean +/- SD) minutes toward a plateau at 33% +/- 21% of its peak
      intensity. Tolerance development was quantified as an exponential process, with a
      rate constant (tolerance factor) accounting for the progressive alteration of the
      cocaine concentration-effect relationship.

PMID- 3390997
TI  - Echocardiographic evaluation of the effects of gallopamil on left ventricular
      function.
AB  - Two-dimensional echocardiography was used to determine global and regional left
      ventricular function in 32 patients treated with gallopamil (methoxyverapamil)
      for angina pectoris. Ejection fraction (EF), pressure/volume ratio (PVR), and
      segmental wall motion were assessed. Evaluations were made before therapy (T1)
      and repeated 3 weeks later; this assessment included examination 2 and 8 hours
      after the morning dose (T2 and T3, respectively). Patients were randomized to
      either a placebo group or three study groups (25, 37.5, and 50 mg t.i.d.). In the
      37.5 and 50 mg groups there was an increase in EF (T1 = 53.8% and 54.5%, T2 =
      57.9% and 60.1%, and T3 = 57.6% and 60%) and PVR values (T1 = 5.2 and 7.2 mm
      Hg/ml/m2, T2 = 5.8 and 7.7 mm Hg/ml/m2, and T3 = 5.9 and 7.6 mm Hg/ml/m2,
      respectively). Wall motion remained the same or improved in 92.3% of the
      patients. In conclusion, gallopamil had no cardiodepressant effects in most
      patients. On the contrary, EF, PVR, and segmental contractility tended to improve
      with the higher doses.

PMID- 3390999
TI  - Just say no to "drug".

PMID- 3390998
TI  - Disposition and irreversible plasma protein binding of tolmetin in humans.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics and irreversible plasma protein binding of tolmetin were
      studied in six healthy subjects after the administration of a single, 400 mg dose
      of tolmetin. With HPLC analysis, tolmetin, tolmetin glucuronide, and the isomers
      of tolmetin glucuronide, which result from intramolecular acyl migration in vivo,
      were detected in the plasma up to 4 hours after administration, whereas these
      conjugates were present in the urine up to 24 hours. Irreversible binding of
      tolmetin to plasma proteins occurred in all subjects. Irreversible binding
      exhibited a better correlation with exposure to tolmetin glucuronide (r = 0.5618)
      and the isomers of tolmetin glucuronide (r = 0.8200) than with exposure to
      tolmetin (-0.3635). This is consistent with the hypothesis that covalent binding
      occurs via the acyl glucuronide.

PMID- 3391000
TI  - Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of midazolam effects on the human
      central nervous system.
AB  - The effect of midazolam on alpha-activity of the EEG and latency of the P-100 of
      the visual evoked response (VER) was studied in six healthy subjects. Drug
      concentration was related to effect with the Emax model that was used with either
      a threshold drug concentration or a sigmoid exponent. An effect compartment was
      included in the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model. Four subjects showed
      hysteresis, and mean values of half-lives-k(eo) ranged from 0.26 to 0.60 hour.
      Mean values of EC50 ranged from 42.0 to 48.1 ng/ml. Goodness of fit did not
      differ significantly between the sigmoid Emax model and the threshold Emax model.
      The sigmoid exponent estimated was 3.7 +/- 1.8 (EEG, mean +/- SD) and 2.9 +/- 1.4
      (VER); the threshold concentration was estimated at 15.7 +/- 11.1 ng/ml (EEG) and
      11.3 +/- 7.0 ng/ml (VER). We conclude that the Emax model adequately describes
      the relationship between midazolam concentration and effect and that the sigmoid
      exponent can be substituted by a threshold drug concentration, with a comparable
      fit of the model to the data.

PMID- 3391001
TI  - Nicotine absorption and cardiovascular effects with smokeless tobacco use:
      comparison with cigarettes and nicotine gum.
AB  - Because of recent resurgence in its consumption, the effects and health
      consequences of smokeless tobacco are of considerable public health interest. We
      studied the extent and time course of absorption of nicotine and cardiovascular
      effects of smokeless tobacco (oral snuff and chewing tobacco) and compared it
      with smoking cigarettes and chewing nicotine gum in 10 healthy volunteers.
      Maximum levels of nicotine were similar but, because of prolonged absorption,
      overall nicotine exposure was twice as large after single exposures to smokeless
      tobacco compared with cigarette smoking. All tobacco use increased heart rate and
      blood pressure, with a tendency toward a greater overall cardiovascular effect
      despite evidence of development of some tolerance to effects of nicotine with use
      of smokeless tobacco. Relatively low levels of nicotine and lesser cardiovascular
      responses were observed with use of nicotine gum. Adverse health consequences of
      smoking that are nicotine related would be expected to present a similar hazard
      with the use of smokeless tobacco.

PMID- 3391003
TI  - Evaluation of the effect of norfloxacin on the pharmacokinetics of theophylline.
AB  - To investigate a possible interaction between norfloxacin and theophylline, eight
      healthy nonsmoking volunteers (mean age 27 +/- 5.3 years) were administered
      aminophylline, 5 mg/kg, before and after a 6-day course of norfloxacin, 400 mg
      every 12 hours, and changes in pharmacokinetic parameters were measured and
      compared. Norfloxacin induced significant decreases in theophylline clearance
      (14.9%; p less than 0.01) and the terminal phase slope (13.3%; p less than 0.02)
      and increased the AUC (16.6%; p less than 0.01). The apparent volume of
      distribution at steady state was unchanged. The greatest norfloxacin-induced
      individual change in theophylline clearance was a reduction of 28.6%. Given these
      findings, we advise that, for patients who are treated with theophylline and are
      subsequently treated with norfloxacin, adjustment of the theophylline dosage may
      be necessary in some patients to minimize the risk of theophylline toxicity.

PMID- 3391002
TI  - Effect of calcium channel blockers on theophylline disposition.
AB  - Twelve healthy subjects received a single oral dose of theophylline, 5 mg/kg
      alone, and after 7 days of oral verapamil, 120 mg every 8 hours, diltiazem, 90 mg
      every 8 hours, and nifedipine, 20 mg every 8 hours, in randomized crossover
      fashion. Mean theophylline oral clearance decreased 18% and 12% after verapamil
      and diltiazem, respectively (p less than 0.05). No significant change in
      theophylline oral clearance was observed after nifedipine. Increases in mean
      theophylline half-life were observed after verapamil (10.8 +/- 3.2 hours) and
      diltiazem (9.9 +/- 2.4 hours) (p less than 0.05) but not after nifedipine (8.6 +/
      2.4 hours) when compared with control (8.6 +/- 1.9 hours). Apparent volume of
      distribution was unchanged. Urinary excretion data showed that the relative
      formation rate constants of 3-methylxanthine and 1,3-dimethyluric acid were
      decreased during verapamil and diltiazem (p less than 0.05) but not during
      nifedipine. No change in 1-methyluric acid excretion was observed. Increases in
      urinary elimination of unchanged theophylline were observed after verapamil,
      diltiazem, and nifedipine. The modest reduction in theophylline clearance
      observed after verapamil and diltiazem is not likely to produce clinically
      significant increases in theophylline concentrations in most patients.

PMID- 3391004
TI  - Effect of renal impairment on disposition of pentopril and its active metabolite.
AB  - Disposition of pentopril was studied in 15 male volunteers with varying renal
      functions. Mild to moderate compromise in renal function did not demonstrate any
      appreciable changes in plasma concentration of pentopril, the prodrug ester of
      the active angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor CGS 13934. This is
      consistent with the known elimination pattern for pentopril, which is eliminated
      primarily by hydrolysis to the active inhibitor. In contrast, the plasma
      concentration of the active ACE inhibitor was sensitive to moderate changes in
      renal function. Because of the reciprocal relationship of AUC and clearance, AUC
      did not change to any appreciable extent until creatinine clearance (CLCR)
      dropped to about 50 ml/min. Below 50 ml/min of CLCR, AUC and half-life increased
      sharply with reduced kidney function. Because of the significant contribution of
      the renal secretion process to total renal elimination of both pentopril and the
      active metabolite, prediction of renal clearance from CLCR was poor at relatively
      normal kidney function (CLCR greater than 80 ml/min). However, renal secretory
      clearances for both pentopril and metabolite were well correlated to p
      aminohippuric acid clearance. In patients with moderately compromised renal
      function (glomerular filtration rate less than 40 ml/min), tubular secretion rate
      of creatinine approaches its glomerular filtration rate and hence CLCR could be
      used as a predictor of renal clearance and other disposition parameters. Plasma
      ACE activity also demonstrated prolonged inhibition with decreased renal
      function. Based on the prolonged blockade of plasma ACE activity, some correction
      in dose or dosing interval is anticipated in patients with moderately compromised
      renal function (CLCR less than 50 ml/min).

PMID- 3391007
TI  - Genitourinary surgery.

PMID- 3391006
TI  - Supraventricular tachycardia treated with continuous infusions of propranolol.
AB  - Because oral therapy is often contraindicated in hospitalized patients we
      assessed the safety and efficacy of continuous intravenous propranolol infusions
      in nine patients with refractory supraventricular tachycardia. Standard
      pharmacokinetic formulas predicted a loading dose (52.2 +/- 38.3 micrograms/kg),
      steady-state plasma concentration, and the initial maintenance dose (16.1 +/-
      16.2 micrograms/kg/hr; range 6.1 to 56.0 micrograms/kg/hr) to control heart rate.
      Subsequent maintenance doses (3.9 to 74.9 micrograms/kg/hr) were determined by
      clinical response. Heart rate decreased from 146 +/- 22 to 98 +/- 16 beats/min (p
      less than 0.0001). This decrease persisted throughout the infusion. Measured
      propranolol levels (28 +/- 21 ng/ml) did not differ significantly from the
      predicted levels (23 +/- 17 ng/ml). The duration of the infusion averaged 97 +/-
      77 hours. A side effect, transient wheezing, occurred in only one patient. This
      resolved when the infusion rate was decreased. We conclude that continuous
      propranolol infusions appear safe and effective in treating these patients with
      supraventricular tachycardia.

PMID- 3391005
TI  - Debrisoquin oxidation polymorphism in a Spanish population.
AB  - The capacity for debrisoquin metabolism was determined in 377 healthy Spanish
      volunteers by measuring the amount of debrisoquin and its main metabolite, 4
      hydroxydebrisoquin, in urine after an oral dose of debrisoquin. Debrisoquin
      oxidation was polymorphic, with 25 subjects (6.6%) phenotyped as poor
      metabolizers whereas 352 subjects (93.4%) were classified as extensive
      metabolizers. The metabolic ratio between debrisoquin and 4-hydroxydebrisoquin
      (percent of dose) in 6-hour urine samples ranged from 0.03 in extensive
      metabolizers to 93.5 in poor metabolizers. The proportion of poor metabolizers
      found is in the range observed in other white populations studied.

PMID- 3391008
TI  - Use of the rectus abdominis muscle and fascia flap in reconstruction of
      epispadias/exstrophy.
AB  - Inferiorly based rectus abdominis muscle flaps and fascial flaps have been used
      to construct a firm abdominal wall without hernias and to provide coverage of the
      bladder, bladder neck, and proximal urethra in the secondary reconstruction of
      patients with epispadias/exstrophy complex. They have also been used to produce
      an elevation of the mons area, which is lacking in the typical exstrophy patient.
      Rectus fascial flaps have been the mainstay of abdominal closure when wide
      diastasis of the rectal muscles is present and when the lower abdomen lacks
      fascial support. We are pleased with the results of utilizing either the rectus
      muscle or rectus fascia in this complex condition. We have been using fascial
      flaps for over 10 years in our epispadias/exstrophy closures and abdominal wall
      strengthening procedures. We have been using bone grafts and the rectus muscle
      for the construction of a mons for the past 5 years. Although the rectus muscle
      procedure to cover the bladder and the bladder neck has been in use for only 2
      years, we have seen patients with incontinence restored to a continent state;
      these patients have not been plagued with fistula problems when a neourethra has
      to be constructed to elongate the phallus. Previous attempts at urethral repair
      in this area have been successful in the main, but an occasional fistula at the
      junction between the penile skin and the abdominopubic skin has resulted. Since
      using the rectus muscle to cover the bladder and bladder neck area, we have not
      had this problem. Patients with epispadias/exstrophy remain such difficult
      problems that every advance in technique should be used to improve
      results.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3391010
TI  - Correction of high pelvic defects with the inferiorly based rectus abdominis
      myocutaneous flap.
AB  - The two inferiorly based rectus abdominis myocutaneous flaps are the most
      versatile and accessible flaps for high pelvic defects. Their primary
      contribution is in the obliteration of the pelvic "deadspace." At the present
      time, these useful flaps are generally considered only for massive defects of the
      perineum, groin, and pelvis, but improved flap designs will enhance their
      usefulness for smaller defects.

PMID- 3391009
TI  - Penile construction by the radial arm flap.
AB  - Penile construction in transsexuals has always been a challenge for plastic
      surgeons. After a long period of exploration with different techniques of penile
      construction, the author has found the free radial arm flap to provide the best
      results.

PMID- 3391011
TI  - Assessment and support of sexual functioning in 458 men seeking genitourinary
      reconstructive surgery.
AB  - Horton and associates focused on an aspect of genital reconstructive surgery:
      restored or improved sexual functioning. The availability a physician skilled in
      the application of modern sexual counseling has been demonstrated in a group of
      458 men to assist in maximizing the benefit of such surgery on patients' sexual
      and coital success. The sexual therapist was a valued member of the team approach
      to patient care. The necessity of psychiatric assessment for some was apparent,
      as it would be in any population of patients seeking plastic or corrective
      surgery. The association of the sexual therapist with various mental health
      professionals was important. The recognition of mental and emotional difficulties
      was primary, but the further skills the sexual therapist brought by application
      of sexual therapy techniques was also important. Men disadvantaged sexually by
      genital abnormality gained from a sensitive and educational approach, one that
      included their partners in the context of open communication and offered specific
      suggestions for their own specific needs and situations. Sexual therapy
      techniques and skills instruction added a vital dimension to the complete care of
      these men seeking correction of genital abnormalities. The techniques and
      approaches themselves were fairly straightforward and simple, as well as fairly
      standardized. Described by Masters and Johnson, Jones and others, they were
      clearly effective in enhancing comfort with sexuality and less pressured
      approaches to sexual behavior, and ultimately in enhancing sexual functioning
      itself.

PMID- 3391012
TI  - Haemolysis test of non-pulsatile and pulsatile impeller blood pumps.
AB  - Non-pulsatile and pulsatile impeller blood pumps have been developed. The non
      pulsatile pump was compared with the Shanghai and Sarns 7000 roller pumps for
      haemolysis. Similarly, the pulsatile pump was compared with a pneumatic diaphragm
      pump and the Polystan pulsatile pump. In each test, one impeller pump and the
      pump it was being compared with were connected to two identical circulatory
      systems with the same volume of fresh citrated porcine blood, delivered at the
      same pressure and flow for several hours. Every half hour the free haemoglobin
      was measured and the index of haemolysis (IH) calculated. The mean IH of the non
      pulsatile impeller pump was about 18% of the Shanghai roller pump and 29% of the
      Sarns 7000 roller pump; the IH of the pulsatile impeller pump was 16% of the
      diaphragm pump and 8% of the Polystan pulsatile pump.

PMID- 3391013
TI  - The functional testing of external cardiac pacemakers.
AB  - In common with all other biomedical equipment, cardiac pacemakers should be
      routinely tested and serviced. Experience has shown that although they are
      generally very reliable some faults have occurred that might have been detected
      by regular testing. A testing protocol is suggested that has two levels, routine
      tests that check the essential functions of the pacemakers and supplementary
      tests that check those parameters which are less likely to be of immediate
      clinical significance. The measurement details and rationale of the tests are
      described in some detail. Finally, a preliminary evaluation of a test instrument
      which has been developed specifically for these procedures shows that it is rapid
      and easy to use and allows a more rigorous standard of testing to be achieved.

PMID- 3391014
TI  - Forearm arterial pressure-volume relationships in man.
AB  - Pressure-volume (p-V) relationships of a segment of the forearm circulation have
      been measured in nine male healthy subjects. Forearm volume was measured using
      electrical impedance plethysmography, arterial transmural pressure by subtracting
      mean arterial pressure measured contralaterally in a finger from the pressure in
      a cuff placed over the sensing electrodes of the plethysmograph. A special two
      phase measurement waveform was designed with which cuff pressure was first
      increased step wise to a suprasystolic level and held at that level for 120 s,
      then ramped down to zero pressure in another 300 s. The step phase inflation
      allowed us to estimate the parameters of the interstitial liquids and total blood
      compartments. The total blood compartment amounted to 6.2 ml per 100 ml of
      tissue. The ramp phase deflation allowed us to discriminate between a first phase
      in which only the arteries refilled and a second phase in which the veins also
      distended. An arctangent function was fitted to the first phase arterial p-V
      relationship, describing it in model form. Total arterial volume per 100 ml of
      tissue amounted to 3.8 ml at physiological pressures, total arterial compliance
      of the forearm per centimetre length to 19.5 microliter kPa-1 cm-1 (2.6
      microliter mmHg-1 cm-1) at physiological pressures, and to 340 microliter kPa-1
      cm-1 (45 microliter mmHg-1 cm-1) maximum compliance at the lower, inflection
      point pressures. These values are in general agreement with the literature. Pulse
      wave velocity cannot be computed reliably from these data.

PMID- 3391016
TI  - A bed temperature monitoring system for assessing body movement during sleep.
AB  - A method of monitoring and analysing temperature distribution in a patient's bed
      during bed rest and sleep is described. The system consists of 16 temperature
      sensors, a solid-state recorder and a personal computer. The temperature sensors
      are attached on the surface of a bed mat. The temperature of the 16 measurement
      points are recorded and stored on a multichannel solid-state recorder, where a
      programmable read-only memory (PROM) is used as the memory device. The PROM is
      detachable from the recorder, and the temperature data is read by a computer. A
      two-dimensional temperature distribution pattern is obtained by interpolating the
      temperature between measured points. The system was effective for long-term
      temperature monitoring without patient discomfort, and it proved reliable and
      easy to use. The temperature distribution and changes in the distribution
      indicated body movement and hence periods of sleep.

PMID- 3391015
TI  - A modified electrode for the electrochemical reduction of isoflurane.
AB  - The popular anaesthetic gas isoflurane is found to be electrochemically inert on
      a wide range of conventional electrode materials in both aqueous and non-aqueous
      solvents. However the chemically modified electrode produced by depositing the
      novel electroactive polymer, poly(vinylfluoranthene), onto a platinum electrode
      is shown to mediate electron transfer to the anaesthetic thus bringing about its
      electro-reduction and so offers the promise of amperometric electrochemical
      sensors based on this electrode.

PMID- 3391017
TI  - A critical investigation of the measurement of the force required to dilate the
      human uterine cervix.
AB  - A system for objectively analysing the forces of dilation of the human uterine
      cervix was devised using a force sensing device linked to a BBC microcomputer.
      The computer program allowed easy recording, storage and analysis of force/time
      curves obtained from the passage of tapered dilators through the cervix. A new
      design of dilator gave a smoother force/time curve. These force/time curves were
      analysed. Six indices: peak force, end force, area to peak, area to end the ratio
      of the peak and end forces recorded from the passage of the two largest and two
      smallest dilators, were compared. Area measurement was subject to artefact and
      rejected. Peak and end force measurements gave the best separation between parous
      and nulliparous patients. The peak force was judged to be the better as it was
      found to be easier to define than end force.

PMID- 3391018
TI  - Audiology and its links with physical sciences in medicine.

PMID- 3391019
TI  - Abstracts of proceedings. Technical aspects and trends in clinical cardiac
      electrophysiology and electrocardiography. 12 February 1988, Glasgow.

PMID- 3391020
TI  - Abstracts of proceedings. Osteoporosis and bone mineral measurements. Bath, UK,
      18-19 April 1988.

PMID- 3391022
TI  - Growing old gracefully.

PMID- 3391021
TI  - Respiratory muscles: function in health and disease.

PMID- 3391023
TI  - Wound care: time to specialise.

PMID- 3391024
TI  - Celebrating age.

PMID- 3391026
TI  - Treatment of renal anemia with recombinant erythropoietin. International
      workshop. Wolfenbuttle, November 22-24, 1987. Proceedings.

PMID- 3391025
TI  - Regulation of erythropoietin production.

PMID- 3391027
TI  - Treatment of polytransfused hemodialysis patients with recombinant human
      erythropoietin.

PMID- 3391028
TI  - Treatment of a seven-year-old child with end-stage renal disease and
      hemosiderosis by recombinant human erythropoietin.

PMID- 3391029
TI  - Urea kinetics in patients on regular dialysis treatment before and after
      treatment with recombinant human erythropoietin.

PMID- 3391030
TI  - Effect of erythropoietin on iron kinetics in patients with end-stage renal
      disease.

PMID- 3391031
TI  - Effect of erythropoietin treatment on O2 affinity and performance in patients
      with renal anemia.

PMID- 3391032
TI  - Lymphocyte subsets and delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity in hemodialysis
      patients receiving recombinant human erythropoietin.

PMID- 3391033
TI  - Molecular biology of erythropoietin.

PMID- 3391034
TI  - A comparative study of the acute antihypertensive effect of Adalat capsules and
      Corinfar dragees, two different nifedipine preparations.
AB  - The calcium entry blocker nifedipine produces systemic vasodilation and decreases
      the elevated vascular resistance in hypertensive patients. The authors
      investigated the acute antihypertensive effect of sublingually administered
      nifedipine in two different formulas: Adalat capsules and Corinfar dragees. There
      was no significant difference between both these formulas regarding their effects
      on blood pressure and heart rate, and their side effects were also similar. The
      authors conclude that the acute antihypertensive effect of nifedipine, either in
      capsules or in dragees, is equipotent in essential hypertension.

PMID- 3391035
TI  - Influence of verapamil and oxygen on pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular
      function.
AB  - The study was designed to elucidate verapamil action on the pulmonary vascular
      bed and right ventricular function and to compare it with the effect of oxygen in
      view of the fact that calcium antagonists can attenuate hypoxic pulmonary
      vasoconstriction. 16 patients with secondary, and 4 with primary, pulmonary
      hypertension and with a mean pulmonary artery systolic pressure of 68.6 +/- 28.7
      mmHg were examined. After determination of initial haemodynamic values, the
      oxygen test (OT) was performed; later on, when the values returned to the initial
      ones, verapamil was infused into pulmonary artery. Measurements were carried out
      in the 10th min of OT and until the 30th min after verapamil. While verapamil
      decreased statistically significantly pulmonary artery pressures and resistances,
      it did not deteriorate right ventricular systolic function, although it lowered
      its stiffness significantly. The effect of oxygen was comparable with that of
      verapamil though the magnitude of changes was smaller.

PMID- 3391037
TI  - [Studies on the desquamation of vascular endothelium in EPH- gestosis].
AB  - The degree of vascular endothelium desquamation was studied with the use of the
      method of Hladovec and Rossmann in 90 women in normal pregnancy, 30 pregnant
      women with severe late gestosis, and 150 clinically healthy female controls. An
      increase in the number of circulating endothelial cells was found in woman with
      normal pregnancy after second trimenon; in 10% of them also aggregates of 15-20
      endothelial cells were found in blood plasma. The number of circulating
      endothelial cells was even higher in women with severe gestosis; cell aggregates
      occurred in about 50% of cases. The highest degree of endothelium desquamation
      was observed in most severe forms of late gestosis, with chronic placental
      vascular insufficiency. The causes and significance of increased endothelial
      desquamation are discussed, and possibility of using the observed changes as
      criterion of efficiency of vasoactive therapy in late gestoses is suggested.

PMID- 3391036
TI  - Immune cytotoxic mechanism of myocardial lesion in non-specific myocarditis and
      idiopathic congestive cardiomyopathy.
AB  - The immune cytotoxic mechanism of myocardial lesion was studied in 15 patients
      with non-specific myocarditis (NM) and in 10 patients with idiopathic congestive
      cardiomyopathy (ICC). In addition, 10 control patients having ischaemic heart
      disease (IHD) with congestive heart failure (CHF) and a control group of blood
      donors were examined. The following parameters were examined: anti-heart
      antibodies (by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), lymphocyte
      sensibilization (by leucocyte migration inhibition test; the antigen used was
      cardiomyocyte membrane protein), and killer cells (K-cells) activity in the
      course of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Anti-heart antibodies
      were found in 73% of patients with NM, 50% patients with ICC and 33% patients
      with CHF. Lymphocyte sensibilization to the myocardium was found in 87% of
      patients with NM, and in more than half of the patients with ICC. Cardiospecific
      cytotoxic immune reaction was reproduced in vitro in 9 patients with NM and in 4
      patients with ICC. It is assumed that an analogical mechanism of myocardial
      lesion functions in vivo.

PMID- 3391038
TI  - Determination of arterial impedance by non-invasive measurements.
AB  - Most studies dealing with the arterial system impedance as resistance to blood
      ejection from the left ventricle are based on catheterization examinations of the
      aorta and the great arteries. The present work shows the possibility of using non
      invasive approaches and describes one of them consisting in non-invasive
      determination of arterial impedance by measuring arterial pressure, cardiac
      output and the cardiac cycle phase structure. The results are compared with those
      of other studies.

PMID- 3391039
TI  - Ischaemia-induced changes in the phosphorylase activity in different parts of the
      cardiac conduction system.
AB  - The phosphorylase specific activity was lowered in total ischaemia in all
      examined parts of the myocardium and the conduction system of the heart. Sixty
      minute ischaemia had a considerable effect on glycogen degradation in right
      bundle branch and in the working myocardium, however, its glycogenolytic effect
      on the AV-node and penetrating bundle of His was insignificant. Phosphorylase "a"
      evaluated as a percentage of the total phosphorylase activity decreased in the
      working myocardium and increased in the AV-node during ischaemia. The data
      obtained support the hypothesis according to which conductive tissue is more
      resistant to ischaemia than the working myocardium. The results serve evidence
      that the right bundle branch is more susceptible to metabolic damage caused by
      ischaemia than the AV-node and penetrating bundle of His.

PMID- 3391040
TI  - Assessment of a physical training program in patients with myocardial infarction
      in a tropical country.
AB  - Twenty-five myocardial infarction patients, included in a comprehensive cardiac
      rehabilitation programme, were studied in order to assess the physical training
      effects upon several physiological parameters in a country with a tropical
      climate. Training consisted of three-times weekly supervised sessions with
      running, under telemetric control, accomplished continuously, during thirty
      minutes at 120 m/min as mean speed. Symptom-limited exercise stress testing was
      initially performed and repeated after three months of training. 88% of patients
      showed an increase in physical working capacity, 84% in exercise time duration
      and 80% in the myocardial efficiency index at subsequent ergometries. A decrease
      of double product and submaximal heart rate was observed. Angina, ECG ischaemic
      alterations and arrhythmias during exercise in the first test disappeared or
      occurred with higher workload in the second ergometry. Mean resting acid
      concentration, 1.28 +/- 0.36 mmol/l, increased immediately after exercise to 2.03
      +/- 0.58 mmol/l. The prescribed physical training programme showed satisfactory
      results and increased the patients' quality of life, even in a humid and
      moderately hot climate.

PMID- 3391041
TI  - Medical efficacy of a cooperative prevention programme of arterial hypertension.
AB  - The study included 43,197 men aged 40-54 years, of whom 23,378 were in the
      intervention group and 19,819 in the comparison group; the number of man-years of
      follow-up totalled for the whole group 177,703. The study proved the efficacy of
      active, predominantly secondary prevention of arterial hypertension (AH), carried
      out in men aged 40-54 years over a period of 3-5 years in 12 centres within the
      framework of the cooperative programme. In comparison with the control group, the
      following changes were registered in the intervention group: 1) overall mortality
      decreased by 17.3%; 2) stroke mortality decreased by 48.4%; 3) non-lethal stroke
      morbidity decreased by 51.4%; 4) morbidity of non-fatal myocardial infarction
      decreased in the course of four years by 23.8%. In contrast to this, mortality
      due to ischaemic heart disease was in the intervention group and in the control
      group practically the same.

PMID- 3391042
TI  - Pancreaticoduodenal resection.

PMID- 3391043
TI  - Why doctors win most malpractice suits.

PMID- 3391044
TI  - Swimming pool granulomas due to Mycobacterium marinum: an occupational hazard of
      lifeguards.
AB  - M. marinum appears to be an occupational hazard to lifeguards who clean swimming
      pools. If such persons have any persisting "boil," "ulcer," or "granuloma," these
      lesions should be considered to be caused by M. marinum, unless proven otherwise.

PMID- 3391045
TI  - Neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis in the absence of an underlying malignancy.
AB  - Neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis is an entity previously reported to occur in
      association with malignancy and chemotherapy. We report a case of clinical and
      histopathologic findings characteristic of neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis
      occurring without apparent underlying disease. In addition, the only medication
      this patient was taking was acetaminophen. Neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis
      appears to represent a reaction pattern without specificity for underlying
      disease or inciting agent.

PMID- 3391046
TI  - Cutaneous cryptococcus resembling molluscum contagiosum in a patient with
      acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
AB  - A hemophiliac man who tested positive for the human immunodeficiency virus
      presented with facial lesions resembling molluscum contagiosum as the initial
      manifestation of systemic cryptococcal infection. Widespread molluscum
      contagiosum is being seen with increasing frequency in patients who have been
      exposed to the human immunodeficiency virus, and examination of biopsy specimens
      to rule out atypical fungal infection is mandatory.

PMID- 3391047
TI  - Preventing, delaying, and repairing photoaged skin.
AB  - The characteristics of chronologically aged skin should be differentiated from
      the features of photoaging, which is marked by yellowed, leathery, sagging,
      wrinkled, elastic skin, as well as underlying connective tissue damage and
      various benign, premalignant, and malignant neoplasms. Laboratory experiments
      with the hairless mouse exposed to varying doses of ultraviolet radiation have
      demonstrated the protective effects of sunscreens, the repair of ultraviolet
      damage when the skin is no longer bombarded by photons, and the enhancement of
      that repair by retinoids.

PMID- 3391048
TI  - Gonococcal urethritis with bilateral tysonitis.
AB  - A case of gonococcal urethritis with bilateral tysonitis is presented. Results of
      gram's stain and positive culture for Neisseria gonorrhoeae confirmed the
      diagnosis. The patient was treated successfully with aqueous procaine penicillin
      with probenecid followed by oral ampicillin for ten days.

PMID- 3391049
TI  - Corrective cosmetics-need, evaluation and use.
AB  - A comprehensive discussion of the need for, history, evaluation, and use of
      corrective cosmetics should also address image and its psychological impact, the
      attributes of an effective and acceptable concealer, and the methods of
      application.

PMID- 3391050
TI  - In vitro interactions of amikacin and beta-lactam antibiotics against amikacin
      resistant gram-negative bacilli.
AB  - We tested 42 strains of amikacin-resistant gram-negative bacilli with amikacin in
      combination with six beta-lactam antibiotics using the checkerboard and time-kill
      curve techniques. Synergism was demonstrated with time-killing curve in 43-68% of
      the strains tested. Ceftazidime plus amikacin was the most active combination by
      the checkerboard technique, while amikacin-cefoperazone was the most active
      combination by the time-killing curve technique against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
      Discrepancies were found between the results of the two methods used.

PMID- 3391051
TI  - Susceptibilities of streptococcal strains associated with infective endocarditis
      to nine antibiotics.
AB  - The susceptibilities of 121 streptococcal strains isolated from patients with
      infective endocarditis to mezlocillin, piperacillin, ceftizoxime, ceftriaxone,
      ceftazidime, imipenem, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and pefloxacin were determined by
      the agar dilution technique. Viridans streptococci, Streptococcus bovis and
      Enterococcus faecalis were susceptible to imipenem, mezlocillin and piperacillin.
      All the strains, except E. faecalis were sensitive to ceftriaxone, ceftizoxime
      and ceftazidime and resistant to ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and pefloxacin. E.
      faecalis strains were moderately resistant to the new quinolons.

PMID- 3391052
TI  - Effects of platinum-thymine on mitosis of sarcoma-180 ascites cells in vitro:
      ultrastructural study.
AB  - Electron microscopic studies of sarcoma-180 ascites cells, which were treated
      with platinum-thymine at a concentration of 60 micrograms/ml, showed mitotic
      inhibition. The drug clumped the chromosomes into a compact mass at the center of
      the cell preventing them from separating during mitosis. Prolonged treatment
      depolymerized spindle fibers and cytoplasmic microfilament. Degraded cytoplasmic
      organelles crowded around the clumped chromosomes. Disintegrating and casting off
      of cortical cytoplasm was apparent. Platinum-thymine-treated cells did not resume
      mitosis irrespective of the amount of time they were allowed to remain in fresh
      medium. Perturbation of mitotic machinery by platinum-thymine inhibited the
      mitotic process and caused eventual demise of the cancer cells.

PMID- 3391053
TI  - Treatment of neonatal sepsis with ceftriaxone/gentamicin and with
      azlocillin/gentamicin: a clinical comparison of efficacy and tolerability.
AB  - The two antibiotic combinations ceftriaxone (Rocephin)/gentamicin and
      azlocillin/gentamicin were compared in a randomized study in a total of 49
      premature and full-term neonates with the clinical symptoms of sepsis. In both
      groups, equally good efficacy and reliability and very good tolerability were
      observed.

PMID- 3391054
TI  - Enteral, oral, and rectal absorption of ceftriaxone using glyceride enhancers.
AB  - In vivo models in rodents and primates were used to investigate ways of
      overcoming the poor oral and rectal absorption of ceftriaxone. The sodium salt of
      ceftriaxone at 20 mg/kg was formulated in C8-C10 chain length, mono- and
      diglyceride extracts of coconut oil (Capmul) and administered intraduodenally to
      adult rats. Peak plasma levels of 17-52 micrograms/ml and bioavailability
      averaging 38% were attained. Significant plasma levels (42-45 micrograms/ml) were
      also demonstrated in squirrel monkeys with doses of 20 mg/kg ceftriaxone
      formulated in Capmul and given by the enteral route. Enteric-coated capsules
      containing this formulation were also orally administered to squirrel monkeys and
      gave high plasma levels (10-31 micrograms/ml) between 1 and 6 h following dosing.
      In rectal absorption studies, ceftriaxone formulated in Capmul as a suspension
      gave peak blood levels of 62-84 micrograms/ml (average bioavailability 42%) in
      the rabbit. In the baboon, rectal administration of ceftriaxone formulated with
      Capmul in a Witepsol H15 suppository gave Cmax levels ranging from 9 to 48
      micrograms/ml, depending on the dose of the antibiotic and the drug/enhancer
      ratio.

PMID- 3391055
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of bacampicillin using a compartment model with zero-order
      absorption.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of bacampicillin, a prodrug of ampicillin which is absorbed
      from the gastrointestinal tract, were studied in 10 healthy male volunteers after
      administration of 1,200 mg in a single oral dose. The pharmacokinetic analysis
      was carried out by applying a single-compartment kinetic model with zero-order
      absorption. The apparent duration of absorption (T) was about 1 h for all
      subjects. The peak plasma concentrations (Cmax) were 17.89 +/- 1.82
      micrograms/ml, and the mean plasma half-life during beta-phase was 1.17 +/- 0.14
      h. The area under the curve was 41.22 +/- 5.29 micrograms.h/ml. The mean urinary
      recovery during 24 h amounted to 76.4 +/- 3.65% of the dose.

PMID- 3391056
TI  - Determination of antibiotic lipophilicity with a micromethod: application to
      brain permeability in man and rats.
AB  - Lipophilicity of the injectable form of some antibiotics was measured with a
      micromethod. The antibiotic was dissolved in a small volume (1 ml) of phosphate
      buffer at a physiological pH (pH = 7.4) and was extracted by a small volume of
      octanol (1 ml). HPLC determinations of the antibiotic were performed in the two
      phases. log P ranged from +1.3 for chloramphenicol to -4.3 for ceftriaxone. A
      linear relationship was established for a few antibiotics between the log P
      values found in our experiments and the log permeability calculated from data in
      the literature for human and rat brain. This linear relationship enabled the
      brain concentrations of antibiotics to be predicted in man and rats.

PMID- 3391057
TI  - In vitro synergistic activity of ketoconazole with trifluoperazine and with
      chlorpromazine against medically important yeasts.
AB  - Combination of ketoconazole and trifluoperazine or chlorpromazine yielded an in
      vitro synergistic effect on growth inhibition of Candida albicans, Torulopsis
      glabrata, Cryptococcus neoformans, Candida parapsilosis and Candida tropicalis.
      The optimal pH range for the synergistic effects was 7.0-7.6. At pH 5.0 the drug
      combination was antagonistic. (Application for patent protection has been filed).

PMID- 3391058
TI  - Early colonic anastomotic edema. Evaluation of stapled vs. hand-sewn anastomoses.
AB  - Early dysfunction of intestinal anastomoses is sometimes blamed on anastomotic
      edema. This study compares stapled and hand-sewn anastomoses for the development
      of early anastomotic edema. After segmental colon resections, one group of dogs
      was reconstructed with two-layered handsewn anastomoses, and the other group had
      stapled anastomoses. Controls were untouched small bowel in each operated animal
      and untouched colon in a separate group of dogs. At 24 hours postoperatively, all
      animals were given 125I albumin and at 28 hours the animals were killed, venous
      blood was obtained, and the anastomoses were harvested. Tissue levels of 125I
      albumin were measured at 1-mm and 1-cm distances from each anastomosis and
      compared with controls. This quantitative measure of edema was compared with the
      histologic appearance of the tissue specimens. The results show significant edema
      formation in both stapled and handsewn anastomoses compared with control tissues
      (P less than .05 for each animal). Although quantitative and histologic results
      demonstrate less edema in the stapled group, the difference is not significant by
      the Wilcoxin rank test. These and similar studies may allow improvement in
      surgical technique.

PMID- 3391059
TI  - The role of chronic constipation, diarrhea, and laxative use in the etiology of
      large-bowel cancer. Data from the Melbourne Colorectal Cancer Study.
AB  - Life-long bowel habits of 685 colorectal cancer cases and 723 age/sex frequency
      matched community controls were investigated as one part of a large,
      comprehensive, population-based study of colorectal cancer incidence, etiology,
      and survival, The Melbourne Colorectal Cancer Study. Self-reported chronic
      constipation was statistically significantly more common in cases than in
      controls (P = .05). Three or more bowel actions per day were reported by more
      cases than controls but the total number of respondents in this subset consisted
      of only ten cases and two controls. Otherwise, the frequency and consistency of
      bowel motions was similarly distributed among cases and controls. Constipation
      disappeared as a significant risk when simultaneously adjusted for previously
      determined dietary risk factors, indicating that it is the diet and not the
      constipation that is associated with the risk of large-bowel cancer.
      Additionally, a highly statistically significant association (P = .02) was found
      with the risk of colorectal cancer in those who reported constipation and also
      had a high fat intake, a finding consistent with current hypotheses of colorectal
      carcinogenesis. It is concluded that chronic constipation, diarrhea, and the
      frequency and consistency of bowel motions, as well as laxative use, are unlikely
      to be etiologic factors in the development of colorectal cancer. Self-reported
      chronic constipation is a marginally significant indicator of excess risk of
      large-bowel cancer and may be used as one of the indices in the screening of
      individuals for this cancer.

PMID- 3391060
TI  - Multiple adenocarcinomas of the colon and rectum. An analysis of incidences and
      current trends.
AB  - Three hundred forty-five colorectal cancers were identified in 320 patients over
      a nine-year period. Twenty-one patients (7 percent) had synchronous cancers.
      Metachronous cancers were identified in five patients (2 percent). Thirteen of
      the synchronous cancers were foci of invasive adenocarcinoma in polyps with
      elements of benign neoplastic tissue. There was a trend for younger patients to
      have multiple colon cancers. Fifteen percent of the synchronous colon cancer
      patients were less than 50 years of age. The mean age of patients who presented
      with metachronous cancer was 54, and 11 years was the average time interval
      between the diagnosis of the initial and the metachronous tumor. Colonoscopy
      proved to be more reliable than barium-enema examinations in identifying
      synchronous cancers. It is concluded from this review that before elective
      resections, colonoscopy should be used to effectively screen patients for
      synchronous cancers, and following curative resection, the residual colon should
      be periodically examined for the remainder of the patient's life.

PMID- 3391061
TI  - Surgical correction of anal incontinence.
AB  - Seventy-six operative procedures for anal incontinence performed at the Lahey
      Clinic Medical Center between 1964 and 1985 were reviewed. Etiologic factors,
      findings on preoperative physical examination, and functional results are
      reported for 61 procedures in the four categories of simple anterior reefing,
      anterior reefing with perineal body reconstruction and anoplasty skin closure,
      posterior proctopexy, and Dacron Silastic sling insertion. In women with anterior
      sphincter defects, combining anoplasty skin closure and deep external sphincter
      plication gives superior functional results over superficial reefing, especially
      when there is attenuation of the rectovaginal septum and perineal body. The
      posterior proctopexy is most useful in patients with intact external sphincters
      and incontinence without recognizable cause or after abdominal repair of rectal
      prolapse.

PMID- 3391062
TI  - Colohepatic fistula due to hydatid disease. Report of a case.
AB  - A patient with colohepatic fistula due to hydatid disease is reported. Only two
      similar cases have been described in the medical literature. This case
      illustrates that medical treatment with mebendazole is ineffective.

PMID- 3391063
TI  - Oral inflammatory changes as an initial manifestation of Crohn's disease
      antedating abdominal diagnosis. Report of a case.
AB  - The case of a 14-year-old boy who had oral ulcers with histologic proof of
      granulomatous disease nine months before the diagnosis of intestinal Crohn's
      disease is presented. Additional extraintestinal manifestations of this case were
      cheilitis, anal fissures, and "metastatic" disease to the umbilicus. The
      diagnosis was established after the onset of abdominal symptoms. All
      manifestations responded rapidly to systemic prednisone, sulfasalazine, and
      metronidazole.

PMID- 3391064
TI  - Juvenile polyps at the site of a ureterosigmoidostomy. Report of five cases.
AB  - Five cases of juvenile polyps at the level of a ureterosigmoidostomy are
      described. One of the juvenile polyps contained an area of adenomatous tissue.
      The mechanisms that might cause these polyps are discussed. The mechanisms that
      might cause these polyps are discussed. The presence of adenomatous tissue in one
      of the patients may be a step of the polyp cancer sequence at the level of
      ureteral implantation in the colon. The authors make a plea for a call-up and
      close follow-up of all patients who have a ureterosigmoidostomy.

PMID- 3391065
TI  - Squamous-cell metaplasia with severe dysplasia of the colonic mucosa in
      ulcerative colitis. Report of a case.
AB  - Squamous-cell metaplasia in the colonic mucosa alone in ulcerative colitis has
      not been reported before. A case is presented where such changes were found in
      relation to strictures in the transverse and sigmoid colon in a male, aged 41,
      with a 27-year history of ulcerative colitis.

PMID- 3391067
TI  - Acute solitary diverticulitis of the transverse colon in a child. Report of a
      case.
AB  - Solitary colonic diverticula are rare. Most have been described in the cecum or
      ascending colon. Solitary diverticula of the transverse colon are extremely rare,
      and there are only a few reports in the English medical literature, all occurring
      in adulthood. This paper reports the case of a 13-year-old girl with a solitary,
      true diverticulum of the transverse colon, presenting as acute diverticulitis.

PMID- 3391066
TI  - Epididymitis--an unusual presentation of colovesical fistula secondary to
      diverticulitis. Report of a case.
AB  - A case of colovesical fistula secondary to diverticulitis that had the unusual
      presentation of epididymitis is presented. The current literature on
      diverticulitis involving the urinary tract is reviewed.

PMID- 3391068
TI  - Case report. Spontaneous perforation of a healthy colon.

PMID- 3391069
TI  - Sucralfat ointment in treatment of perianal skin irritation.

PMID- 3391070
TI  - Skeletal muscle metastases.

PMID- 3391071
TI  - The Coloshield.

PMID- 3391072
TI  - Myoelectric spiking activity of right colon, left colon, and rectosigmoid of
      healthy humans.
AB  - The tip of an intraluminal probe was positioned in the cecum, and before and
      after a standard meal (greater than 800 kcal), the rapid myoelectrical activity
      of the right, the left, and the rectosigmoid colon in six healthy subjects was
      recorded. In each colonic site, we recorded two different patterns of spike
      bursts: Short spike bursts and long spike bursts, as previously described. We
      observed no difference in either the duration or the amplitude of the two kinds
      of spike bursts among the three different parts of the colon. Before the meal,
      the number of long spike bursts was lower in the right than in the left colon (P
      less than 0.01) and than in the rectosigmoid (P less than 0.01). After the meal,
      a significant activity increase in long spike bursts lasted 20 min in the right
      colon (P less than 0.001), 100 min in the left colon, and in the rectosigmoid (P
      less than 0.001-P less than 0.05). This activity was always significantly less
      intense in the right colon than in the two other sites (P less than 0.001-P less
      than 0.01) and was less marked in the left colon than in the rectosigmoid (P 0.01
      P less than 0.05). The short spike burst activity remained unchanged. These
      results provide evidence for the heterogeneity of motility in the different parts
      of the colon, with a relative hypomotility of the right colon compared to the
      left colon and the rectosigmoid in the healthy human.

PMID- 3391074
TI  - Clometacine-induced hepatitis.

PMID- 3391073
TI  - Neoplasia in chronic erosive (varioliform) gastritis.
AB  - Chronic erosive gastritis is a gastric mucosal lesion characterized by multiple,
      small, sessile elevations with central erosions. Symptoms typically resemble
      those in peptic ulcer disease. The elevations may persist and appear as sessile
      polyps after the erosions heal and symptoms resolve with therapy. Adenomatous
      transformation is reported in a patient with chronic erosive gastritis who had
      serial gastroscopies. This report suggests a possible association between chronic
      erosive gastritis and gastric neoplasia.

PMID- 3391075
TI  - Asymptomatic gastric retention and diabetic neuropathy.

PMID- 3391076
TI  - Inclusion of rectal biopsies at colonoscopy.

PMID- 3391077
TI  - Alcoholic cirrhosis patients and HIV infection.

PMID- 3391078
TI  - Gastroparesis and herpes.

PMID- 3391079
TI  - Lack of influence of capsaicin-sensitive sensory fibers on adaptive
      cytoprotection in rat stomach.

PMID- 3391080
TI  - Plantar pustulosis in Crohn's disease.

PMID- 3391081
TI  - Psychological distress in dyspepsia of unknown cause.

PMID- 3391082
TI  - Effect of composition of gastric contents on resistance to emptying of liquids
      from stomach in humans.
AB  - Experiments were conducted in normal healthy volunteers to investigate whether
      factors other than the intragastric pressure induced by tonic contraction of the
      gastric fundus could regulate the gastric emptying of liquids. The emptying of
      solutions of different osmolality and composition from the stomach was measured,
      while maintaining the intragastric pressure constant with a barostat system that
      employed an external reservoir. Preliminary experiments showed a linear
      relationship between intragastric pressure and emptying rate, but indicated that
      a normal intragastric pressure of 7 cm water would be insufficient by itself to
      maintain normal emptying. When intragastric pressure was maintained at 20 cm
      water, an isotonic solution of 30 mM glucose in saline (278 mosm/kg) emptied at a
      rate of 49.9 +/- 0.5 ml/min (mean +/- SEM, N = 11). Milk (284 mosm/kg) and a
      hyperosmolar solution of 30 mM glucose in saline (586 mosm/kg) significantly
      reduced the emptying rate. These results suggest that factors other than the
      intragastric pressure induced by fundic contraction regulate the rate at which
      liquids empty from the stomach and that the slower emptying of hyperosmotic
      solutions or solutions containing fat could be brought about in part either by an
      increased resistance of the pylorus and possibly the duodenum or a reduction in
      the effectiveness of an antroduodenal pump.

PMID- 3391083
TI  - Delayed gastric emptying in anorexia nervosa is improved by completion of a
      renutrition program.
AB  - The effects of renutrition on gastric emptying and upper gastrointestinal
      symptoms were evaluated in 14 anorexia nervosa patients before and after weight
      gain. A double-isotope technique was used to measure gastric emptying of both the
      solid and the liquid phases of the meal. Upper gastrointestinal symptoms were
      frequent before renutrition, occurring in 78% of the patients. Among these
      symptoms, nausea, vomiting and gastric fullness were correlated well with slowing
      in gastric emptying of both solid and liquid phases of the meal, which was
      demonstrated, respectively, in 10 (71%) and nine (64%) of the 14 patients. For
      the 11 patients who subsequently gained body weight, we observed, without any
      pharmacological treatment, an improvement of gastric emptying of both solid and
      liquid phases of the meal in eight (73%) and seven (64%) patients, respectively.
      Gastric emptying was unchanged in the three other patients who gained very little
      weight during the time of the study. As gastric emptying improved, so did nausea,
      vomiting, and gastric fullness. In three patients who had initially gained
      weight, nausea and gastric fullness recurred, associated again in all cases with
      a delay in gastric emptying. In conclusion, in anorexia nervosa, delayed gastric
      emptying, which is a frequent feature and which is well correlated with some of
      the upper digestive complaints, can return to normal without any pharmacological
      treatment. In this improvement, psychological assistance may play a role,
      together with the correction of the malnutrition.

PMID- 3391084
TI  - Circadian rhythms in gastrin receptors in rat fundic stomach.
AB  - Circadian rhythmicity in the number of gastrin receptors in rat fundic mucosa was
      characterized and was related to the concentrations of gastrin in serum and in
      antrum. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were acclimated to 12 hr light alternating with
      12 hr darkness. Subgroups of six rats each were killed at 4-hr intervals. Fundic
      mucosa was collected for measurement of gastrin receptors; serum and antral
      tissues were collected for measurement of gastrin levels by radioimmunoassay.
      Circadian periodicity in the data was determined by cosinor analyses. In both
      freely fed and fasted rats, gastrin receptors showed circadian variation (range
      2.5-10 fmol/mg protein), as did serum gastrin concentrations (range in fed rats
      195-407 pg/ml). The phasing of the intrinsic circadian variation in gastrin
      receptor level that was observed in the fasted rats was advanced by a few hours
      in fed rats. This shift is probably due to food-induced gastrin release,
      resulting in gastrin-mediated down-regulation of gastrin receptors, followed by
      up-regulation of gastrin receptors. Food-related effects were thus superimposed
      upon the intrinsic circadian rhythms in gastrin receptor levels, causing the
      circadian variation in gastrin receptor levels in the fed rats to be shifted
      forward compared to that in the fasted rats. No significant circadian rhythms, on
      the other hand, were found in concentrations of gastrin in the antrum. These
      results suggest that changes in sensitivity of target tissues to hormones are
      related to both intrinsic circadian rhythms in levels of hormone receptors and
      also to food-related changes in hormone-receptor levels mediated by changing
      serum hormone levels.

PMID- 3391086
TI  - Effects of intravenous calcium on release of serotonin into jejunal lumen and
      portal circulation.
AB  - The effect of intravenous calcium bolus (180 mg in 10 ml normal saline over 25-30
      sec) on the release of serotonin into the jejunal lumen and the portal and
      peripheral venous circulation was studied. Proximal jejunal 25-cm cannulated
      Thiry-Vella loops were perfused with a neutral physiological buffer in an
      isoperistaltic direction at 2 ml/min. One minute after the calcium bolus, serum
      calcium levels increased from 8.7 +/- 0.3 to 14.2 +/- 0.8 mg/dl. Jejunal luminal
      concentrations of 5HT increased from 135 +/- 21 to 208 +/- 44 ng/ml at the same
      time; luminal levels peaked at 236 +/- 27 ng/ml at 7 min and slowly returned to
      baseline. In contrast, portal and systemic venous concentrations did not change
      after intravenous calcium bolus. The data support the contention that there are
      independent mechanisms for the release of serotonin into the bowel lumen and the
      blood stream.

PMID- 3391085
TI  - Effect of amiloride on sodium transport in the proximal, distal, and entire human
      colon in vivo.
AB  - In vitro studies under short-circuited conditions suggest that amiloride, a
      diuretic agent which is thought to block apical membrane sodium entry, has
      significant effects on sodium absorption by the human colon. To evaluate this in
      vivo, we studied the effect of amiloride applied in concentrations of 10(-5) and
      10(-4) M on sodium transport and potential difference (PD) in human colon during
      steady-state perfusion. Net sodium absorption was reduced 25% by amiloride and
      chloride absorption by 15%; potassium and bicarbonate secretion rates were
      enhanced. In other studies the colon was divided into a proximal and distal test
      segment by endoscopic introduction of a collection channel to the descending
      colon-sigmoid junction. Comparison of tritiated water absorption by the two
      segments indicated that the distal segment comprised approximately 20% of the
      total colon surface area. However, the distal test segment only accounted for 5
      7% of total sodium, chloride, or water absorption; in contrast, 17-20% of total
      potassium or bicarbonate secretion occurred there. In the proximal test segment,
      amiloride reduced net sodium absorption by almost one third from 21.0 to 14.4
      mmol/hr (P less than 0.02) but had no significant effect on PD. In the distal
      test segment, amiloride produced a 25% reduction in mean sodium absorption from
      1.2 to 0.9 mmol/hr, but this reduction was not statistically significant;
      however, potential difference was significantly reduced by 33% (P less than
      0.02). These results suggest that most sodium absorption in normal human colon in
      vivo is mediated by transport processes which are insensitive to these doses of
      amiloride.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3391088
TI  - Social environment and regimen adherence among type II diabetic patients.
AB  - We investigated the reliability and predictive validity of several measures of
      the social environment using a sample of 127 adults with type II (non-insulin
      dependent) diabetes. Of particular interest was a revised scale of family support
      for performing diabetes self-care behaviors. Across four different aspects of the
      diabetes regimen, it was consistently found that regimen-specific measures of
      family support differentiated subjects who were low, medium, or high on adherence
      better than global family-support scores. Social-environment measures were
      generally successful in predicting a subject's level of regimen adherence after
      accounting for variance attributable to demographic factors. The family-support
      measures were the strongest and most consistent predictors of adherence, but
      measures of stress and medical-care satisfaction and the interaction between
      stress and the other social-environment measures also often improved the
      prediction of a subject's adherence status. These results support the usefulness
      of measures of the social environment specific to diabetes, and research to
      investigate other aspects of the social context of regimen adherence is
      recommended.

PMID- 3391087
TI  - Influence of recording techniques on measurement of canine colonic motility.
AB  - The extent to which the established variability in colonic motility recordings is
      due to differences in recording techniques is not known. The aim of this study
      was to compare the ability of two intraluminal recording devices (perfused tube
      and tube mounted strain gauge) to record colonic motor activity against a
      reference device (serosal strain gauge). In six anesthetized dogs an intracolonic
      probe was positioned such that the component perfused tubes and tube mounted
      strain gauges were approximated to identical strain gauges mounted on the serosa.
      Contractions were induced by field stimulation and intraarterial injections of
      acetylcholine and carbachol. While both intraluminal devices demonstrated
      limitations in the detection of phasic and tonic motor events, perfused tubes
      detected a significantly greater proportion of tonic and phasic contractions than
      did strain gauges (P less than 0.001). Intraluminal strain gauges misrepresented
      50% of tonic contractions (confirmed visually and by serosal strain gauges) as
      waveforms with negative polarity. This was not seen in recordings from perfused
      tubes. Perfused tubes represented tonic contractions as biphasic or bifid
      waveforms significantly less frequently than strain gauges (P less than 0.05).
      Radial asymmetry of colonic contractions is likely to account for these observed
      discrepancies. Recorded motility patterns are influenced by different recording
      techniques, and these differences are a source of variability in recorded
      patterns of colonic motor activity.

PMID- 3391089
TI  - Expected diabetic control in childhood and psychosocial functioning in early
      adult life.
AB  - This study examined relationships between the extent to which doctors seek to
      achieve good (i.e., tight) diabetic control during childhood and the frequency of
      psychosocial problems in later life. A sample of 225 young adults with insulin
      dependent diabetes mellitus was studied by use of a systematic interview. A
      measure of the level of control the doctor was attempting to achieve was
      developed from questionnaires administered to the doctors who provided most of
      the patient's care during childhood. The results were compared with scores on
      three indices of psychosocial functioning based on responses given in structured
      interviews with the patients. Although potentially important psychosocial
      problems were found for 10-20%, there was no statistically significant
      relationship between any of these problems and the doctors' desired levels of
      control. Thus, efforts to achieve good control during childhood, whether
      successful or not, may not be followed by psychosocial problems in later life.
      This finding should help support clinicians' attempts to obtain the levels of
      control during childhood judged to be essential in preventing serious organic
      complications.

PMID- 3391091
TI  - Oral glucose tolerance test in healthy pregnant Nigerian women.
AB  - Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) with 75 g glucose were performed in 20
      healthy pregnant Nigerian women in each trimester of pregnancy and the
      puerperium; 34 nonpregnant control subjects matched for age and parity were also
      studied. The blood glucose levels from fasting to 60 min were lower in pregnant
      subjects, but the 90- and 120-min values were higher. The highest blood glucose
      values were observed in the first trimester with an apparent improvement in
      glucose tolerance in the second and third trimesters. This observation is
      strikingly different from the established pattern of OGTT in pregnant Caucasian
      women. With pooled data from OGTT results in the three trimesters for the 20
      pregnant women (60 OGTTs), a statistically derived criterion (based on mean + 2SD
      approximated to the nearest 5) for the interpretation of OGTT in pregnant
      Nigerian women was devised. This criterion defines the upper limits of normal for
      venous whole-blood glucose in pregnant Nigerian women during an OGTT with a 75-g
      glucose load as follows: fasting, 90; 30 min, 135; 60 min, 150; 90 min, 145; and
      120 min, 125 mg/dl. These values are lower than those recommended for pregnant
      women by the National Diabetes Data Group (O'Sullivan and Mahan criteria) and the
      World Health Organization. The results from this study underscore the need for
      caution regarding uncritical application of data from one racial or ethnic group
      to others.

PMID- 3391090
TI  - Gestational diabetes may represent discovery of preexisting glucose intolerance.
AB  - A representative sample of 817 American women aged 20-44 yr who were not pregnant
      and had no medical history of diabetes were given 75-g 2-h oral glucose tolerance
      tests (OGTTs). Although these conditions are somewhat different from those
      recommended for pregnant women (100 g glucose, 3-h OGTT), 3.8% of the women might
      have been considered to have met O'Sullivan and Mahan criteria for gestational
      diabetes mellitus (GDM) had they been pregnant. Prevalence was 2-3% below age 35
      yr, similar to that found in studies of pregnant women, and rose to 8% at age 40
      44 yr. Rates of women meeting World Health Organization criteria for gestational
      impaired glucose tolerance (G-IGT) rose steadily from 5% at age 20-24 yr to 11%
      at age 40-44 yr. Risk factors for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)
      including parental history and obesity were more prevalent among women meeting
      these criteria than among women in the entire group; the same risk factors are
      also more prevalent among pregnant women with GDM. The similarity of rates in
      this study to rates of GDM and G-IGT, together with their association with risk
      factors for NIDDM, indicate that these entities are compatible with undiagnosed
      glucose intolerance occurring before pregnancy and discovered during the
      metabolic testing that generally accompanies prenatal care rather than conditions
      that have an etiologic relationship to pregnancy.

PMID- 3391092
TI  - Rapid development of nephrotic syndrome, hypertension, and hemolytic anemia early
      in pregnancy in patients with IDDM.
AB  - In recent years, the prognosis for a successful pregnancy has greatly improved
      for women with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) who are under good
      glycemic control and free of complications such as vascular disease and
      nephropathy. We report the rapid development of severe nephrotic syndrome,
      malignant hypertension, and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia during the first
      trimester of pregnancy in a 29-yr-old woman with IDDM of 18 yr duration. Our
      patient had no pregestational history of retinopathy or hypertension and only
      minimal proteinuria. Significant improvement in blood glucose levels had been
      achieved over the 6 mo before conception. Kidney biopsy performed before the
      termination of pregnancy at 10 wk gestation revealed diabetic nephropathy. No
      other etiology for her renal disease could be found. An arteriole was noted to
      have entrapped red blood cell fragments and platelet thrombi, revealing the
      probable source of her hemolytic process. By 8 wk postpartum, her nephrotic
      syndrome and hemolysis had completely resolved. At 3 mo postgestation, the
      patient's hypertension was still present but less severe. Her serum creatinine
      has continued to decrease toward normal. This is the first report of a woman with
      IDDM in White's classification C who developed a toxemia-like syndrome during the
      first trimester of pregnancy, attributable to the underlying diabetic state.

PMID- 3391093
TI  - Significance of high HbA1 levels in normal glucose tolerance.
AB  - The significance of high hemoglobin A1 (HbA1) levels (greater than or equal to
      8.0%) found in 12.1% of 648 individuals with normal glucose tolerance
      constituting a part of a representative population sample was examined.
      Measurement error in HbA1 and/or glucose-tolerance levels was precluded by HbA1
      remaining in the same range over 3.5 yr in 89.7% of 29 individuals with initially
      high and 68.1% of 22 individuals with initially low (less than 6.5%) HbA1. Rate
      of deterioration to glucose intolerance (6.9%) in the high group during that
      period resembled the rate (11.8%) in a control group (n = 279). Fasting plasma
      glucose significantly accounted for only 2.4% of total HbA1-population variance.
      No correlation of HbA1 was found with other correlates of glucose tolerance or
      with daily caloric intake and physical activity. A small but significant
      increment in HbA1 was associated with smoking (7.1 vs. 6.8%, P less than .01) and
      with clinically overt atherosclerosis (7.3 vs. 6.9%, P less than .01). We
      conclude that factors unrelated to glucose metabolism are the main determinants
      of HbA1 level in normal glucose tolerance and play an important role in diabetes
      as well. These factors have bearing on evaluation of diabetic control by HbA1 and
      possibly on risk for diabetic complications.

PMID- 3391094
TI  - Glycosylation of proteins. Lack of influence of aging.
AB  - In elderly nondiabetic individuals, increased glycosylation of hemoglobin has
      been reported. Most elderly subjects suffer from chronic disorders and consume
      one or more medications. Thus, it is conceivable that the increased glycosylation
      of hemoglobin may be secondary to factors other than old age. Furthermore, the
      data are sparse regarding the effect of aging on glycosylation of other proteins.
      In this study, glycosylated hemoglobin (GHb), glycosylated protein (GP),
      glycosylated albumin (GA), and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) concentrations were
      determined in 93 healthy nondiabetic subjects after an overnight fast. Strict
      criteria were observed to define the healthy status of these subjects to
      eliminate the influence of all other factors known to facilitate glycosylation of
      hemoglobin. No significant correlations were noted between age and FPG, GHb, GP,
      or GA (P greater than .05 for all correlations). Furthermore, no significant
      differences were observed between groups according to age for any of the
      parameters studied. Therefore, this study demonstrates that aging may not
      influence glycosylation of proteins in healthy subjects, and the previously
      observed increase in GHb concentrations in elderly populations may be related to
      associated factors rather than old age.

PMID- 3391095
TI  - Comparison of fructosamine with glycosylated hemoglobin and plasma proteins as
      measures of glycemic control.
AB  - The relative value of fructosamine as an alternative to glycosylated hemoglobin
      (HbA1) and other measures of glycemic control was assessed in 100 insulin
      dependent (IDDM) and 104 non-insulin-dependent (NIDDM) diabetic patients. We
      measured HbA1 (by electrophoretic and affinity methods), plasma glucose,
      glycosylated plasma proteins, and fructosamine in blood taken at a single clinic
      visit. The values were compared both by correlation analysis and by considering
      whether the various indices of glycemic control placed the patients in the same
      clinical decision categories as they were in by the HbA1 (affinity) result.
      Fructosamine correlated moderately well with HbA1 (affinity; r = .8) and placed
      71% of IDDM and 72% of NIDDM patients in the same clinical category of good,
      moderate, or poor control. Differences can probably be partly attributed to the
      different periods over which HbA1 and fructosamine reflect average glycemia and
      partly to imprecision.

PMID- 3391096
TI  - Statement on postprandial hypoglycemia.

PMID- 3391097
TI  - Adrenergic urticaria.

PMID- 3391099
TI  - Height and diabetic neuropathy.

PMID- 3391098
TI  - Opiate addict as diabetic patient?

PMID- 3391100
TI  - Treatment of impotence with vacuum-operated erection assistance device.

PMID- 3391101
TI  - Self-monitors of blood glucose: correction statement.

PMID- 3391102
TI  - [Reorganization of active cytoskeletons of cultured fibroblasts after treatment
      with the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate].

PMID- 3391103
TI  - [Effect of preliminary physical exercise on the radiosensitivity of rat
      hematopoietic cells].

PMID- 3391104
TI  - Detectability and measurability of amoscanate in plasma by TLC and HPLC.
AB  - Although amoscanate has been established as a potent antischistosomal drug, its
      detectability and measurability in biological fluids has been in doubt.
      Experiments have been carried out to show that these measurements can be made.
      High pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) and thin layer chromatographic (TLC)
      analyses have been performed on plasma samples incubated with plasma at 37
      degrees C. Specific chemical detection methods of functional groups in the
      molecule were used to establish the identity of the drug on TLC plates, and the
      results were found to correlate with the HPLC analyses.

PMID- 3391105
TI  - A pharmacokinetic study of clofoctol in human plasma and lung tissue by using a
      microbiological assay.
AB  - A microbiological assay was undertaken to measure the amounts of clofoctol in
      human plasma and pulmonary tissue, and to investigate its pharmacokinetics.
      Clofoctol was extracted from samples using ethanol and the concentration of drug
      in the extracts was determined by the broth macrodilution method using as
      reference microorganisms S. aureus ATCC 29213 and B. cereus NCIB 8122, whose MIC
      values were 0.537 and 1.074 micrograms/ml respectively. This procedure allows the
      almost complete recovery of the drug and makes it possible to detect amounts of
      clofoctol as low as 5.5 micrograms/ml. Results indicate that clofoctol is well
      absorbed after a single rectal dose of 1.5 g, with a plasma Cmax at the 30th min
      after administration and an average AUC value of 80.91 micrograms/ml/h. The Cmax
      of lung tissue (which was higher than the plasmatic one) occurred at the 90th min
      and the average AUC value was 229.65 micrograms/ml/h, indicating good penetration
      of clofoctol into human lung tissue and appreciable tissue storage of the drug.

PMID- 3391106
TI  - Effects of L-acetylcarnitine treatment and its interruption on dentate gyrus
      synapses in ageing rat hippocampus.

PMID- 3391107
TI  - Direct method of simulating concentration-time data for Michaelis-Menten
      elimination.
AB  - For pharmacokinetic models such as those indicated by the title, one obtains an
      implicit equation in concentration, which cannot be used to directly obtain a
      value of C corresponding to a given value of t. Usually numerical integration is
      employed to simulate concentration-time data. By introducing f = concentration
      (C)/initial concentration (C0), or f = C/steady-state concentration (Css), one
      can replace C by either fC0 or fCss then obtain time as an explicit solution, by
      letting f equal an arbitrary series of values such as 0.95, 0.9, . . . 0.05,
      0.04, . . . , 0.01 when C0 is involved, or 0.05, 0.10, . . . , 0.95 when Css is
      involved. This procedure allows data to be simulated with just a pencil and
      paper, a hand-held calculator, or a microcomputer. The accuracy of the method
      depends only on the number of decimal places carried during the calculations. The
      method can provide a series of C, t values where delta C is constant, whereas
      with numerical integration one obtains a series of C, t values where delta is
      constant.

PMID- 3391108
TI  - Individualized aminoglycoside dosage regimens in patients with cystic fibrosis.
AB  - Individualized dosage regimens have recently been recommended for patients
      treated with aminoglycoside antibiotics. We have developed a calculator-based
      program for our patients with cystic fibrosis and have studied 93 courses of
      intravenous aminoglycoside treatment, comparing predicted and measured values in
      45 courses. Pharmacokinetic parameters differed notably among subjects: this was
      reflected by widely variable total daily aminoglycoside dosage requirements. The
      mean daily dosage requirements (+/- SD) for tobramycin (62 treatment courses) was
      13.0 +/- 3.74 mg/kg, and for gentamicin (26 treatment courses) was 11.5 +/- 2.6
      mg/kg. The accuracy of the program was evaluated by its ability to predict peak
      and trough values in individuals: 84 percent of measured peaks were within 2
      micrograms/ml of the predicted level. Nephrotoxicity was observed in one patient,
      ototoxicity in three. This program provides a simple, safe, and effective method
      of tailoring an aminoglycoside regimen to the patient's needs.

PMID- 3391109
TI  - Consumer preferences for verbal and written medication information.
AB  - The extent of medication use and drug information preferences was surveyed
      randomly from patients at six different pharmacy health care systems. Following
      verbal consultation, each patient was given one or more modified United States
      Pharmacopoeia drug information leaflets corresponding to the verbal information
      and a self-addressed, stamped questionnaire to complete. Chi-square analysis was
      performed on 317 responses with overwhelming acceptance (96 percent) of the
      medication information provided. Although a majority of respondents (62 percent)
      preferred a combination of both written and oral information, specific
      information preferences (oral, written, or both) were significantly related to
      educational level, pharmacy attended, and prescription status. Nearly 45 percent
      of the respondents indicated the information was responsible for changing their
      medication use. Subjects who were elderly, taking cardiovascular medications, or
      getting refill prescriptions were significantly less likely to change as a result
      of the information provided. Although 65 percent of the respondents were
      unwilling to pay an additional fee for the service, females and those who were 45
      54 years and over 65 years old were significantly more willing to pay for the
      information. In addition, the willingness to pay tended to increase as the number
      of daily medications taken increased. Consideration of socioeconomic and
      prescription variables may help define subgroups with specific information
      preferences and counseling activities that may be directly reimbursable.

PMID- 3391110
TI  - Dyspnea possibly associated with controlled-release morphine sulfate tablets.
AB  - Morphine sulfate in controlled-release tablet form is a relatively new oral
      preparation being used for the relief of chronic severe pain, such as that
      related to cancer. A patient with adenocarcinoma of the prostate with bone
      metastases experienced dyspnea possibly related to the ingestion of these
      tablets. Discontinuing the drug quickly resulted in disappearance of the dyspnea.
      The respiratory effects of morphine and the particular risks posed to the elderly
      patient are discussed.

PMID- 3391112
TI  - Flexible classification for the clinical potency of topical corticosteroid
      proprietaries.
AB  - A flexible system of classifying topical corticosteroid proprietaries is proposed
      to help the clinician understand the relative antiinflammatory potency of these
      products. This system has the advantage of indicating not only the relative
      potency of a specific proprietary preparation but also noting the number of
      divisions in the classification. It allows for new product development and keeps
      the clinician informed of the change by the number of divisions being used. The
      system also has the potential for the classification of relative severity of both
      local and systemic side effects of corticosteroids.

PMID- 3391111
TI  - Aseptic meningitis associated with naproxen.
AB  - A rare complication of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) use,
      particularly in patients with collagen vascular or autoimmune diseases, is
      aseptic meningitis. A healthy 21-year-old man receiving naproxen for muscle spasm
      was admitted with a chief complaint of severe headache. Approximately one week
      after beginning naproxen, the patient developed headache, fever (T 38.8 degrees
      C), shaking chills, and nuchal rigidity with occasional nausea and vomiting
      resulting in a 15-lb weight loss. Findings from a cerebrospinal fluid examination
      revealed polymorphonuclear pleocytosis and elevated protein, but no evidence of
      infection with bacteria, fungi, mycobacteria, or viral agents was noted. Within
      36 hours of discontinuing naproxen, the meningitis-like symptoms markedly
      improved. Rechallenge with naproxen was not performed. In patients exhibiting
      meningitis-like symptoms, a thorough drug history, including that of recent or
      intermittent NSAID use, should be obtained.

PMID- 3391113
TI  - Postgraduate academic desires: senior doctor of pharmacy students.
AB  - Senior Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D.) students were surveyed by questionnaire to
      glean information about academic training, and residency, fellowship, or practice
      positions sought after graduation. There were 227 (27 percent of total surveys)
      responses. Of those responding, 71 percent were Bachelor of Science graduates, 29
      percent were Pharm.D. primary degree students, and 18 percent completed a
      residency either before or during Pharm.D. training. Fifty percent had an average
      of three years of clinical services work experience prior to their Pharm.D.
      education. There was strong interest in postgraduate education by respondents: 41
      percent for residencies and 26 percent for fellowships. Of resident candidates,
      18 percent and 49 percent, respectively, considered research essential and
      important to the program. Areas of greatest interest in residencies were general
      medicine, infectious disease, and pharmacokinetics. Important to the selection of
      a fellowship was the research proposal and concurrent clinical practice. Pharm.D.
      students are interested in postgraduate training as residents (60 percent),
      fellows (38 percent), or both (2 percent). Desired activities are research and
      clinical practice independent of residency or fellowship interest.

PMID- 3391114
TI  - Decreased chloride, potassium, and sodium with ticarcillin disodium-clavulanate
      potassium.

PMID- 3391116
TI  - [Possibilities and limitations of preparation for reusing angiography catheters].

PMID- 3391115
TI  - [Genital and extragenital abnormalities in Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster syndrome].
AB  - Only 28 of 51 patients with the Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster (MRK) syndrome had the
      typical findings of vaginal aplasia and bipartite solid uterine buds. Among the
      other 23 patients 15 had additional malformations of the kidneys and urinary
      tract. Eight patients had more or less marked skeletal malformations, especially
      of the cervical vertebrae. The term "MRK syndrome" should no longer be used for
      such cases with extragenital malformations.

PMID- 3391117
TI  - [Aging--is it also a result of a toxic effect of glucose?].

PMID- 3391118
TI  - [Risk of HIV infection in the clinic and medical practice. Potential hazards and
      prevention].

PMID- 3391120
TI  - [Effect of modifiers of microsomal enzymes on the enzymatic denitrosation of
      dialkyl-N-nitrosamines].
AB  - The antioxidant butyl-hydroxytoluene has been shown to increase denitrosation of
      some dialkyl-N-nitrosamines by the liver microsomes of different lines of rats
      and to protect against diethyl-N-nitrosamine toxicity. 3-Methylcholanthrene,
      while decreasing denitrosation of diethyl-N-nitrosamine, increased its toxic
      effect. This data suggested that enzymatic denitrosation is an effective pathway
      for the inactivation of dialkyl-N-nitrosamines.

PMID- 3391119
TI  - [Influence of the polypeptide preparations cortexin and encephalin on the
      transplacental carcinogenic effect of N-nitroso-N-ethylurea in rats].
AB  - The polypeptide preparations cortexin and encephalin from grey and white
      substances of the cattle brain injected in the postnatal period are studied for
      their effect on the development of the nervous system and kidney tumours in rats
      induced transplacentally by N-nitroso-N-ethylurea. The two preparations decreased
      both the incidence and multiplicity of the brain tumours. It is supposed that the
      anticarcinogenic effect of these preparations is due to their normalizing action
      on the differentiation and proliferation of the brain glia cells.

PMID- 3391121
TI  - [Capacity of rhabdomyosarcoma cells to produce substances with somatomedin and
      mitogenic activity].
AB  - The rats aged 1, 3, 12 and 15 months were intravenously injected with 10,000 of
      the rhabdomyosarcoma cells. 3 weeks following the injection multiple tumour
      clones were observed in the lungs of experimental animals, the rats aged 1 and 15
      months showing a significantly greater tumour yield than those aged 3 and 12
      months. The level of the mitogenic and somatomedin activity increased both in the
      blood serum and in the lung tissue, the activity varying with the number of
      tumour clones. Rhabdomyosarcoma cells, probably, synthesize and release growth
      factors into the blood.

PMID- 3391122
TI  - [Disturbance of the mechanical integration of cells in tissues in the occurrence
      of spontaneous hepatomas and lung adenomas in mice].
AB  - The force (F) and coefficient of stability (Cst) of cell cohesion were measured
      in the liver parenchyma from CBA mice and in alveolar epithelium of the lung from
      A mice (genetically susceptible to spontaneous tumours) aged 1 to 13 months.
      Coefficients of F and Cst magnitude variation increase, while those of mean Cst
      decrease in animals aged 9 months in the both tissues. In spontaneous tumours F
      and Cst decrease more considerably. In the nontumour tissue near the tumours the
      Cst coefficient increases again, but the F coefficient remains low. The author
      considers that a decrease in the mechanical cell integration of the tissue is
      necessarily involved into the process of blastomogenesis and that a decrease of F
      stimulates the tumour promotion.

PMID- 3391123
TI  - [Polarographically active fraction of alpha 1-unstable glycoprotein in the blood
      serum during the malignant process].
AB  - The simple method of polarographical testing of the peripheral blood serum is
      recommended as a part of the complex cancer diagnosis for the evaluation of the
      effectivity of cancer treatment and for the mass preventive examination. This
      method modified by I. A. Pelishenko (POISK-test) has permitted detecting a
      protein substance in the serum of cancer patients as well as in the serum both of
      the rats bearing Pliss sarcoma and in the serum of the irradiated dogs. It was
      proved that this protein indicates the presence of malignancy and represents
      polarographically active fraction of the alpha 1-unstable glycoprotein. This
      substance was designated as "Informative Pelishenko Protein" (IPP), and may be
      revealed by the polarographic indicator (IPM-01) made in Leningrad.

PMID- 3391124
TI  - [Experimental validation and the initial experience of the use of intravenous
      laser irradiation of the blood in oncology].
AB  - The treatment of some non-oncological and then oncological patients was
      undertaken on the basis of the results obtained by laser blood irradiation (a
      helium-neon laser, the wavelength of 0.633 micron) in the tumour-bearing mice.
      The method was applied to 25 patients with the cancer of cervix uteri after their
      radiotherapy and resulted in the stimulation of their hemopoietic and immunologic
      systems.

PMID- 3391125
TI  - [Assessment of the parameters of the growth kinetics of an experimental tumor].
AB  - A model of the Markov stochastic reproduction and death process is studied as
      applied to the analysis of time intervals necessary for the experimental tumours
      to achieve the fixed size. The analysis results have shown nonstationarity of the
      tumour growth processes during early stages of the tumour development. The
      presence of such a nonstationarity makes the experimental data interpretation
      difficult when applying the traditional approach to the tumour cell population
      kinetics.

PMID- 3391126
TI  - [Therapeutic effect of blastolysin in athymic mice with transplanted strains of
      human tumors].
AB  - 9 transplanted strains were used for the evaluation of antitumour effect of
      blastolysin. The short-term inhibition of the tumour growth was observed on the
      following models: breast cancer, stomach cancer, kidney cancer and
      chorionepithelioma.

PMID- 3391127
TI  - [Effect of aseptic inflammation on the course of transplantable leukemia in C-58
      strain mice].
AB  - An investigation was carried out on 59 mice of high leukemic line C-58. It is
      shown that aseptic inflammation inhibited the leukemic process in mice with
      transplantable leukemia, stimulated the myeloid sprout of hemopoiesis and
      suppressed the lymphoid one, and also decreased the spleen and thymus mass.

PMID- 3391128
TI  - [Is anxiety hereditary?].
AB  - Familial aggregation of anxiety disorders has repeatedly been reported: the
      estimated risk among the first degree relatives is of 15% to 18% compared to 3%
      in control groups. The most recent studies are focused on more homogeneous
      clinical subgroups. Thus, among agoraphobics first degree relatives, the risk is
      elevated not only for agoraphobia but also for panic attacks and other phobias.
      In families of panic attacks, the risk of panic attacks in the first degree
      relatives is specifically elevated. Thanks to the extremely fast development of
      genetic linkage and molecular genetics, progress is expected in the field of
      genetics and psychiatry. Linkage methods applied to anxiety disorders are
      discussed.

PMID- 3391129
TI  - [Representations of causality and depression. A factorial approach to the
      resignation model in the depressed patient].
AB  - The present study investigates causal attributions for stressful life events
      within the context of Beck's cognitive theory of affective disorders and
      Seligman's learned helplessness model of depression. The aim was to assess the
      validity of the depressive attributional style proposed by Seligman, with a
      clinically depressed population for negative life events. This study presents a
      factor analysis of the causal attributions of depressed psychiatric in patients
      measured in relation to one negative life event per subject. The experimental
      procedure consisted in asking 71 ward depressed patients (51 females and 20
      males) to answer 15 items along a seven point scale in order to assess the
      causes, consequences and control attributed. Statistical treatment using both
      multidimensional analyses (to describe the dimensions of causality) and
      univariate comparisons show: 1. The existence of a three dimensional solution,
      which is interpreted in terms of Seligman's reformulated helplessness model, and
      which confirms the notion of a "depressive attributional style". 2. A positive
      relationship between intensity of depression and the tendency to generalize the
      effects of negative life events (dimension of globality in Seligman's model and
      generalizability in Beck's). As this relationship is a function of the level of
      depression it is considered as a psychological state rather than as a personality
      trait. 3. Inter-sex differences with regard to the attribution of personal versus
      universal control, with female patients indicating more personal helplessness in
      relation to others. The results are discussed in relation to epidemiological data
      and personality theory.

PMID- 3391130
TI  - [Neuropsychological functioning of hebephrenic patients. Study of the
      relationship between visual and manual functional systems].
AB  - Relations between visual and manual responses after prismatically displaced
      vision are studied in 15 schizophrenics and 15 normals. Results show that the
      changes in visual and manual responses are concordant in normals, whereas the
      responses of these two modalities are dissociated in schizophrenics. This
      suggests that the information processing in schizophrenia might be deficient not
      only at the level of interhemispheric connections, but also in intra-hemispheric
      functioning. These results cannot be explained by the generally accepted
      hypothesis of a dysfunction localised in a single hemisphere.

PMID- 3391131
TI  - [Plasma amino acid disturbances and depression].
AB  - Plasmatic amino acids concentrations were measured in 59 depressive patients and
      compared with that of a control population. Serine, glutamine, cystine, lysine
      and arginine have increased levels in the depressed males and females; so are 3
      competitors of the tryptophan for the transport through the blood-brain barrier:
      valine, leucine and isoleucine. The tryptophan ratio is decreased in the
      depressive males. The sum of the competitors of the tryptophan is increased in
      the depressive males and females. All these results are discussed in relation
      with an abnormality of the carrier through the blood-brain barrier in the
      depressive state, without no proof thereof being however given.

PMID- 3391133
TI  - Genitourinary emergencies.

PMID- 3391132
TI  - [Relationship between blood catecholaminergic variables in depressive patients
      and normal subjects].
AB  - Some biochemical assays are available to test the central NA activity in
      depressed patients. In several laboratories, two metabolites of NA, namely DHPG
      and MHPG, in either free, conjugated or total form, have been assayed
      indifferently for this purpose. The present report shows positive correlations
      between the level of the two glycols, as well as between their different forms in
      the plasma. In contrast, the level of erythrocyte COMT activity was not
      correlated with plasma MHPG, and did not show any change during the treatment
      with respect to the control pretreatment period in depressed patients. The values
      of MHPG showed a bimodal distribution in the patients before treatment; the
      plasma level of this metabolite decreased significantly in the first month of
      treatment, but did not change subsequently. The COMT activity values, as well as
      MHPG, were significantly correlated between the different time points, that is
      the control period and after 1 to 3 months of treatment.

PMID- 3391134
TI  - Evolution of lactogen receptors in selected rabbit tissues during pregnancy.
AB  - The ontogeny of lactogen receptors in brain, adipose, liver, kidney, adrenal
      gland, mammary gland, ovarian and uterine tissues of pregnant rabbits was
      evaluated in this study using 125I bovine prolactin as tracer. Brain and adipose
      tissues were found to have very low receptor numbers throughout pregnancy (less
      than 20 fmol/mg of protein), while liver and kidney had higher but constant
      levels of receptor through the same period (200 and 100 fmol/mg of protein,
      respectively). Mammary gland and adrenal gland tissues exhibited sharp increases
      in prolactin binding between 15 and 17 days with both having peak receptor
      binding at 17 days of around 200 fmol/mg of protein. Ovarian and uterine receptor
      binding increased slowly after day five of pregnancy and reached peak levels of
      approximately 225 fmol/mg of protein at day 20. Scatchard analysis of the binding
      of protein in the tissues having increased binding during the course of
      pregnancy, revealed that its affinity for sites in these tissues was the same at
      5 and 20 days of gestation, indicating the rise in binding to be a result of
      increased numbers of available receptors. Sub-organ localization studies found
      the binding of prolactin to adrenal gland, ovary and uterus to be essentially
      located in adrenal cortex, nonluteal ovary and endometrium. Incubation of
      membranes from each of the tissues showing significant change during pregnancy,
      from several time points of pregnancy, with 5.0 M MgCl2 produced little change in
      apparent receptor numbers; suggesting that receptor occupancy levels of
      endogenous prolactin was low.

PMID- 3391135
TI  - Thyroid hormone action: early calorigenic effect on dispersed rat liver cells in
      the absence of protein synthesis.
AB  - Isolated dispersed rat liver cells were prepared by hypothyroid Sprague-Dawley
      rats. The cells were incubated under 95% O2/5% CO2 in Krebs-Ringer-bicarbonate
      buffer at pH 7.3-7.4 at 37 degrees C. The medium had been enriched with 2% bovine
      serum albumin (previously stripped of thyroid hormone) and 5-10 mM alanine as
      substrate. Two hour incubations were carried out with or without added
      triiodothyronine (T3) at 3 nM or 300-1,000 nM concentrations. Oxygen consumption
      determined at the end of the period of incubation with the Clark oxygen electrode
      showed stimulation above control values in the hormone treated flasks; parallel
      studies in which cycloheximide (100 microM) had been added to cells to block
      protein synthesis also showed enhanced oxygen consumption in response to T3. The
      results indicated a response to the hormone not dependent on new protein
      formation.

PMID- 3391136
TI  - Inhibition of human placental microsomal aromatase by thyroid hormone and
      iodothyronine derivatives.
AB  - The initial velocity kinetics of the effect of thyroid hormone and analogs on
      human placental microsomal aromatase were studied. Thyroxine and its propionic
      analog 3,5,3',5'-tetraiodothyropropionic acid show a competitive inhibition with
      an apparent Ki of 1.4 microM and 8.5 microM, respectively, towards
      androstenedione aromatization. 3,5,3'-Triiodothyronine with a Ki of 1.8 microM
      shows a decreased affinity compared to thyroxine. Two analogs, 3,5,3'
      triiodothyropropionic acid and 3,5,3'-triiodothyroacetic acid appear to have
      negligible competition.

PMID- 3391137
TI  - Altered ovarian responsiveness to gonadotropins in neonatally irradiated immature
      rats.
AB  - Female rats which were exposed to a single low dose of gamma irradiation (6R or
      15R) at the age of 8 days produce smaller litters when mature than untreated
      controls. In order to study the possibility that such an impaired reproductive
      performance could result from a reduced ovulation rate, neonatally irradiated
      females were treated with PMSG (12 iu/rat) at the age of 26 days. Another group
      of rats, similarly treated, was further injected with hCG (5 iu/rat) 48 hours
      later. Animals were killed 48, 55, 60 and 72 hours after PMSG treatment or 72 and
      120 after hCG injection. The results indicated that PMSG treatment increased the
      ovarian weight of non-irradiated controls as well as of irradiated rats and in
      all animals induced a proestrus like profile of LH. Only a combined treatment of
      PMSG and hCG resulted in ovulation and corpora lutea formation with significantly
      increased numbers of corpora lutea in the ovaries of the irradiated rats. The
      latter was associated with higher progesterone plasma levels not correlated to
      the number of corpora lutea. The gradual decrease in the number of ovarian
      binding sites for hCG with increased radiation dose and the increased association
      constant in the 15R group could not explain the increased sensitivity of the
      ovary to exogenous gonadotropins which results from neonatal exposure to low
      doses of gamma irradiation.

PMID- 3391138
TI  - Equilibrium dialysis studies of plasma binding of thyroxine, triiodothyronine and
      their glucuronide and sulfate conjugates in human and cat plasma.
AB  - Binding of thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3) and their glucuronide and
      sulfate conjugates, T4G, T3G, T4S and T3S, was assessed by equilibrium dialysis
      in plasma from 6 euthyroid humans and 5 euthyroid cats. In humans, the dialyzable
      percentages of T4, T4G and T4S were 0.029 +/- 0.003 (mean +/- S.D.), 0.14 +/-
      0.04 and 0.08 +/- 0.02 respectively. For T3, T3G and T3S they were 0.31 +/- 0.04,
      0.33 +/- 0.07 and 0.22 +/- 0.02. In cats, the corresponding values for T4, T4G
      and T4S were 0.057 +/- 0.009, 0.20 +/- 0.10 and 0.53 +/- 0.04; for T3, T3G and
      T3S they were 0.47 +/- 0.08, 0.51 +/- 0.11, and 0.53 +/- 0.11. We conclude that
      glucuronide conjugation has little or no inhibiting effect on the plasma binding
      of T3, and that T3S is actually more tightly bound than T3 in human (but not
      feline) plasma. On the other hand, conjugation to either the glucuronide or the
      sulfate markedly reduced T4 binding in plasma from both species.

PMID- 3391140
TI  - Cytosolic glucocorticoid receptors in skeletal muscle of the newborn calf.
AB  - A study was conducted to provide information on the characteristics of skeletal
      muscle glucocorticoid receptors and to determine the response of serum cortisol
      and thyroxine secretion to colostrum feeding in the neonatal calf. Twenty-four
      calves (12 males and 12 females) were obtained immediately postpartum and
      randomly assigned to one of two treatments after being blocked by breed and sex.
      The treatments consisted of: 1) pooled colostrum and 2) pooled whole milk, with
      both treatments being force-fed at birth, 12, 24 and 36 h postpartum. Muscle
      biopsies (20-30 g) were surgically removed from the right semitendinosus at 36 h
      postpartum from 14 of the 24 calves (7 male and 7 female). There were no
      glucocorticoid receptor differences in muscle samples from either the colostrum
      or milk-fed calves. Binding of dexamethasone to skeletal muscle cytosol indicated
      a moderate to high affinity (Kd = 2.34 X 10(-8)M) and a low capacity (37.61
      fmol/mg cytosolic protein) binding receptor. Competition assays indicated that
      other non-glucocorticoid hormones had relatively high affinity for the
      glucocorticoid receptor. The average initial cortisol concentration was highest
      at birth, 127.9 (SE = 25) and 172.4 (SE = 29) ng/ml for colostrum and milk-fed
      calves, respectively. Following the initial peak at birth, serum cortisol
      concentrations declined with time (P less than .05) for both treatments. Serum
      thyroxine concentrations increased (P less than .05) to reach a peak of 23.3 (SE
      = 3.1) and 21.0 (SE = 2.9) ug/dl for colostrum and milk-fed calves, respectively,
      then steadily declined.

PMID- 3391139
TI  - Cardiovascular fitness and selected adrenal hormone responses to cognitive
      stress.
AB  - Individuals manifesting high maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) have augmented
      adrenal responsivity to physical stress. We subjected 17 males representing a
      wide range of VO2max to cognitive stress and measured their forearm venous plasma
      epinephrine, norepinephrine, and cortisol responses. Six repeated blood samples
      were collected at resting, stress, and recovery intervals. Significant increases
      were observed for epinephrine (X +/- SD; rest, 50 +/- 30; stress, 81 +/- 77
      pg/ml; p less than or equal to 0.05) and norepinephrine (rest, 404 +/- 235;
      stress, 481 +/- 314 pg/ml; p less than or equal to 0.05). Cortisol changes were
      not significant. A positive association (r = 0.54; p less than or equal to 0.05)
      was observed between epinephrine and VO2max during the first collection of the
      stress period. An inverse association (r = 0.49; p less than or equal to 0.05)
      was present between VO2max and norepinephrine. No significant correlations
      occurred with cortisol. These results indicate that enhanced cardiovascular
      fitness is characterized by augmented epinephrine responsivity to cognitive
      stress. This association exists in the presence of an inverse relationship
      between plasma free norepinephrine response and VO2max.

PMID- 3391141
TI  - Testosterone metabolism and its testosterone-dependent activation in the
      uropygial gland of quail.
AB  - The in vitro metabolism in the uropygial gland of the male quail results into
      large yields of 5 beta-reduced and/or 17 alpha-hydroxylated metabolites. This
      metabolism was studied in glands of sexually quiescent quails five days after a
      single intra-muscular injection of testosterone to the birds. This treatment led
      to an increased production of inactive metabolites (epitestosterone and its 5
      beta-reduced metabolites) and to a decrease of unmetabolized testosterone. Thus
      testosterone controls its own metabolism and by this way means to modulate its
      action in the uropygial gland of quail.

PMID- 3391142
TI  - gamma-Hydroxybutyrate model of generalized absence seizures: further
      characterization and comparison with other absence models.
AB  - gamma-Hydroxybutyrate (GHB) produces a constellation of EEG and behavioral events
      that respond selectively to antiabsence antiepileptic drugs. The GHB-induced
      seizure was quantitated in the presence of three other absence seizure models:
      pentylenetetrazole, systemic penicillin, and the flash evoked afterdischarge
      (FEAD). Penicillin and pentylenetetrazole produced a significant prolongation of
      GHB-induced seizure in a dose-dependent fashion. This potentiation of GHB seizure
      was observed when these compounds were given either before administration of
      gamma-butyrolactone (GBL), the prodrug of GHB, or at the onset of GHB-induced
      seizure. Photic stimulation given in a manner to produce FEAD also resulted in a
      significant prolongation of GHB-induced seizure. All of these maneuvers lowered
      the threshold to GHB seizure, but none interfered with the brain kinetics of GHB
      in the animals treated with GBL. Ethosuximide pretreatment significantly
      shortened the GHB seizure and overcame the potentiating effect of penicillin and
      pentylenetetrazole in this model. These data confirm the GHB-treated animal as a
      model of generalized absence seizure. The GHB model meets appropriate criteria
      for an absence seizure model and compares favorably with other models of absence
      currently in use.

PMID- 3391143
TI  - Epileptogenesis and muscular hypertonic postictal phenomena induced by naloxone
      in intact cats.
AB  - Epileptogenesis produced by repeated i.p. administration of naloxone chloride and
      sensory stimulation (photoacoustic stimulation at 1, 3, 10, and 15 Hz) every 15
      min was studied in freely moving cats. The repeated administration of naloxone
      provoked some behavioral manifestations that resemble those produced by
      electrical amygdaloid kindling. Photoacoustic stimulation accentuated the
      manifestations. All the animals presented generalized behavioral seizures when
      total naloxone administration reached 80 mg/kg. None of the animals demonstrated
      postictal depression. These results suggest an inhibitory role of endogenous
      opioids and/or GABA in epileptogenesis.

PMID- 3391144
TI  - Generalized convulsions induced by pentylenetetrazol in the cat: participation of
      forebrain, brainstem, and spinal cord.
AB  - The respective capabilities of forebrain, brainstem, and spinal cord to generate
      seizures in response to intravenous pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) were determined in
      intact, precollicular, and spinal cord transected (C2-C3) cats. Threshold doses
      for the induction of generalized EEG seizures were similar, approximately 26
      mg/kg, in all groups, but only in intact cats was this associated with
      generalized clonic convulsions. In cats with precollicular transection, in spite
      of an unchanged EEG seizure threshold, induction of convulsions required on
      average 63 mg/kg of PTZ. They consisted of generalized tonic contractions. In
      cats with spinal cord transection, convulsions began with a mean dose of 167
      mg/kg of PTZ. They consisted of bilateral, frequently asynchronous jerks,
      although tonic contractions were also observed. These experiments show widespread
      central nervous system (CNS) sensitivity to PTZ, and demonstrate that (a) ictal
      EEG activity in the forebrain, normally associated with clonic convulsions, may
      occur independently from brainstem influence; (b) clonic convulsions in intact
      cats likely originate from the forebrain with little contribution from the
      brainstem; and (c) the brainstem and spinal cord can induce tonic and
      predominantly clonic seizures, respectively, at PTZ levels exceeding those
      required to induce seizures in intact cats.

PMID- 3391145
TI  - Deep prepiriform cortex lesion and development of amygdala kindling.
AB  - The effects of a unilateral thermocoagulating lesion of the deep prepiriform
      cortex on the development of amygdala kindling were studied in adult rats. The
      lesion did not alter the local excitability of the ipsilateral amygdala.
      Furthermore, the number of stimulations required to produce generalized seizures
      did not significantly differ between lesioned and control animals. The results
      suggest that the deep prepiriform cortex may not be important in the development
      of amygdala kindling.

PMID- 3391146
TI  - gamma-Vinyl GABA in endopiriform area suppresses kindled amygdala seizures.
AB  - Suppression of kindled amygdala seizures in rats followed bilateral infusion of
      the GABA transaminase inhibitor gamma-vinyl-GABA (GVG) into the endopiriform area
      of the forebrain. The deep prepiriform cortex of the rat is an important site for
      both initiation and arrest of generalized seizures induced by systemic
      convulsants. To determine whether this area also regulates the spread of amygdala
      seizures, the irreversible GABA-transaminase blocking agent, GVG (vigabatrin) was
      infused bilaterally in the deep prepiriform area in amygdala-kindled rats. Twenty
      four hours after the infusion, kindled seizure threshold was elevated in 12 of 13
      rats tested. If homologous areas exist in the primate brain, treatment strategies
      that take advantage of critical areas for seizure spread by local infusion of
      inhibitory agents or transplantation of GABA-containing cells may be developed
      for suppressing intractable seizures in humans.

PMID- 3391147
TI  - Complex partial seizures of hippocampal and amygdalar origin.
AB  - We studied the first clinical manifestations of 72 complex partial seizures (CPS)
      in 17 drug-resistant patients. CPS were indicated to be of hippocampal-amygdalar
      origin by scalp and depth EEG. We asked: (a) Do all CPS of hippocampal-amygdalar
      origin start with an initial motionless stare and/or oroalimentary automatisms?
      (b) If not, what other clinical manifestations appear at onset of the CPS?
      Results showed that approximately 39% of CPS begin with motionless staring, 25%
      with nonfocal discrete movements, 21% with oroalimentary automatisms, 10% with
      perseverative stereotyped automatisms, and 6% with vocalizations. Nonfocal
      discrete movements and oroalimentary automatisms were identified as the most
      common second and third clinical sequential manifestations during a CPS. We
      conclude that although approximately 60% of CPS of hippocampal-amygdalar origin
      start with motionless staring or oroalimentary automatisms, 40% do not.

PMID- 3391149
TI  - Classifications of epileptic syndromes: advantages and limitations for evaluation
      of childhood epileptic syndromes in clinical practice.
AB  - The advantages and limitations of the two most recent International League
      Against Epilepsy classifications of the epilepsies and epileptic syndromes have
      been assessed after examining the clinical records of 645 consecutive outpatients
      aged 1 month to 15 years followed at the Children's Epilepsy Center of the
      University of Milan, Italy, from 1977 through 1985. The percentage of cases that
      could be classified according to the 1970 and 1985 proposals for classification
      were 94.1 and 98.1%, respectively. According to the 1985 proposal, partial
      epilepsies (PE) and generalized epilepsies (GE) were almost equally represented
      (45.0 vs. 47.2%). Among PE, symptomatic epilepsies were the commonest variety. In
      the group of GE, idiopathic and/or symptomatic epilepsies were most common.
      Childhood absence epilepsy was the largest subgroup among idiopathic GE. Newly
      diagnosed patients, a less biased sample of the epileptic population represented
      38.9% of the entire sample, and a proper classification was possible in 96% of
      cases. Idiopathic epilepsies were about twice as frequent and idiopathic and/or
      symptomatic GE less frequent in newly diagnosed patients when compared with the
      remainder. Marked differences in the frequency of the epilepsies were found in
      comparison with other reports in the literature which used the 1970
      classification. This finding probably depends on different diagnostic assessment,
      selection bias, and different geographic and ethnic components, but it can also
      reflect the variable interpretation of the clinical and EEG features of a patient
      with epilepsy in the light of the artifactual categories of the classification.

PMID- 3391148
TI  - Spectral analysis of sphenoidal evoked potentials predicts epileptic focus.
AB  - Sphenoidal evoked potentials (SpEPs) were recorded in 14 patients with
      intractable temporal lobe epilepsy. Twelve patients had electrographically proven
      unilateral seizure onset (five left, seven right). Two patients had partial
      complex seizures and unilateral mesial temporal lobe lesions shown by magnetic
      resonance imaging (MRI). Thirteen patients subsequently underwent temporal
      lobectomy. SpEPs were recorded using the P3 tonal oddball paradigm from
      sphenoidal electrodes referenced to scalp electrodes (i.e., T3, T4, C3, C4, Cz)
      and were subjected to spectral analysis for whole band (1-12.6 Hz) power. A
      significant relationship was found for side of seizure focus and reduced spectral
      power of the sphenoidal-temporal target SpEPs. In 10 of 14 patients, SpEP
      spectral power was less from the "epileptogenic" than from the "nonepileptogenic"
      temporal lobe. Of the remaining 4 patients, 2 had bilaterally equal spectral
      power, and 2 had lower SpEP power from the nonepileptogenic side.
      Postoperatively, all 13 patients are seizure-free except for the 2 patients with
      reduced SpEP power opposite to the ictal onset and 1 patient with fluctuations in
      SpEP asymmetries. Spectral analysis of SpEPs appears to have utility in the
      assessment of temporal lobe dysfunction and thus in the preoperative evaluation
      for epilepsy surgery.

PMID- 3391150
TI  - Epilepsy, antiepileptic drugs, and the risk of spontaneous abortion.
AB  - The possible effect of in utero antiepileptic drug (AED) exposure on the
      incidence of spontaneous abortion was evaluated among pregnancies of women with
      epilepsy and the wives of men with epilepsy. The proportion of pregnancy outcomes
      terminating in spontaneous abortion, the gestational age-specific rates of
      spontaneous abortion, and the cumulative risks of spontaneous abortion were
      determined. The gestational age-adjusted rate ratio for spontaneous abortion of
      0.80 (95% confidence interval 0.45-1.40) was not increased for the pregnancies of
      women with epilepsy compared with those of the wives of men with epilepsy. Among
      women with epilepsy the rate ratio for in utero exposure to AED exposure was 1.14
      (0.52-1.47) and was consistent with no effect of AED on fetal loss. The
      cumulative risk of spontaneous abortion of 18% for AED exposed pregnancies was
      also similar to risks reported in nonepilepsy populations. Thus, neither epilepsy
      nor in utero AED exposure was found to be associated with recognized fetal loss.

PMID- 3391151
TI  - Carbamazepine plus stiripentol: is polytherapy by design possible?
AB  - To test the idea that the combination of carbamazepine (CBZ) plus stiripentol
      (STP) is synergistic, an alumina-gel monkey model (N = 4) was used to compare
      polytherapy electroencephalographic (EEG) effects to those of CBZ monotherapy.
      The research design included five consecutive phases (2-3 weeks each): baseline,
      CBZ, CBZ + STP, CBZ, and postdrug baseline. Both drugs were administered in
      suspension through a chronic gastric catheter every 4 h (to minimize plasma level
      oscillations). Doses of CBZ were adjusted to maintain CBZ concentration at the
      same level in the drug periods (except during the initial polytherapy phase,
      where levels were allowed to increase prior to adjustment). Phased-reversed
      interictal spikes were manually counted (expressed as a rate per minute).
      Relative to baseline, CBZ (Cmin = 0.59; Cmax = 2.36 micrograms/ml) increased
      interictal EEG spikes by an average of 42%. Relative to CBZ monotherapy, the
      addition of STP (Cmin = 12.02; Cmax = 13.21 micrograms/ml) was associated with an
      average decrease in spike rate of 39%. This effect was reversible since removal
      of STP was associated with an increase in spike rate of 66%. The CBZ-epoxide/CBZ
      ratio decreased from 0.29 to 0.06 when STP was added and increased to 0.30 when
      STP was removed. The data fit a pharmacodynamic interpretation and suggest that
      in the case of CBZ + STP the benefits may outweigh the usual disadvantages of
      polytherapy.

PMID- 3391152
TI  - Combined administration of carbamazepine and phenobarbital: effect on
      anticonvulsant activity and neurotoxicity.
AB  - Despite the trend towards single drug therapy of epilepsy, patients resistant to
      monotherapy are commonly treated with more than one antiepileptic drug. As part
      of an investigation on the experimental background for antiepileptic drug
      combinations, the effect of the pharmacodynamic interactions between
      carbamazepine and phenobarbital on the toxicity/efficacy ratio was studied in
      mice. All results were expressed in terms of drug concentrations in the brain to
      exclude possible pharmacokinetic interactions from the analysis. A purely
      additive interaction was found for the anticonvulsant as well as for the
      neurotoxic effect of the drugs. The combination of carbamazepine and
      phenobarbital has therefore no advantage over each drug alone in this model.
      Based on these and previous results, there is no experimental evidence in favor
      of any combination between the four main drugs against partial seizures, i.e.,
      carbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital, and primidone.

PMID- 3391153
TI  - Felbamate increases phenytoin but decreases carbamazepine concentrations.
AB  - Felbamate (FBM), a novel antiepileptic drug, was observed to have opposite
      effects on the serum concentrations of phenytoin (PHT) and carbamazepine (CBZ).
      Data from two male subjects who stabilized while they received both PHT and CBZ,
      with serum concentration fluctuations of less than 20 and 25%, respectively, form
      the basis of this report. Both patients required a greater than or equal to 20%
      reduction in PHT dose while receiving 38-40 mg/kg/day of FBM. When FBM was
      tapered to less than 20 mg/kg/day, a sudden drop in PHT concentrations occurred
      in both patients. As PHT concentrations rose, CBZ concentrations fell in both
      patients. The CBZ epoxide to parent ratio increased to 0.46 and 0.39,
      respectively during FBM treatment. The ratios were 0.18 in both patients when not
      receiving FBM. CBZ concentrations returned to baseline values after FBM was
      discontinued. This unusual and unexpected effect of FBM on two standard
      antiepileptic drugs underscores the need for evaluating pharmacokinetic
      interactions before major drug trials.

PMID- 3391154
TI  - The management of resistant epilepsy. Satellite symposium to the 17th
      International Epilepsy Congress. Jerusalem, Israel, September 6, 1987.
      Proceedings.

PMID- 3391155
TI  - The prevention of chronic epilepsy.
AB  - Recent epidemiological and hospital-based studies of newly diagnosed epileptic
      patients suggest that the prognosis for epilepsy is much more favourable than had
      previously been reported and believed. Approximately three-quarters of such
      patients may expect to go into prolonged remission with currently available
      drugs, utilised as monotherapy. For chronic epileptic patients, however, the
      outlook for seizure control is poor. Factors that contribute to the development
      of chronic epilepsy are partial or multiple seizure types, brain pathology,
      neuropsychiatric or social handicaps, poor compliance, and the early response to
      treatment. Evidence is presented that epilepsy should be viewed as a process in
      which early effective treatment may be important to prevent the evolution of
      chronic epilepsy, which is so difficult to control.

PMID- 3391156
TI  - Socioeconomic accompaniments of severe epilepsy.
AB  - Limited quantitative research has been undertaken on the social accompaniments of
      severe epilepsy. In this study we present new data from 92 patients with
      uncontrolled seizures necessitating admission to a special assessment unit in the
      United Kingdom. Comprehensive information on the medical, educational, and social
      history of each subject was obtained; moreover, they completed the Social
      Problems Questionnaire, which examines the respondent's level of satisfaction
      with various aspects of living including employment, finances, housing, etc.
      Thirty-nine percent of the sample reported moderate or severe dissatisfaction in
      four problem areas. The most frequently reported problems were with social
      contacts (73%) and employment (71%). The significance of these findings is
      discussed and some remedial strategies outlined.

PMID- 3391157
TI  - Organ distribution of rat kynureninase and changes of its activity during
      development.
AB  - Kynureninase activity was measured in various organs of the rat by a sensitive
      assay method based on the use of an HPLC system. High activities were detected in
      liver, kidney and spleen, and much lower activities in adrenals, intestine, lung,
      heart, brain, skeletal muscle and pancreas. Kynureninase of liver, kidney and
      spleen showed the same molecular weight (110,000) and the same isoelectric point
      (pI 5.4). They also showed the same properties of heat stability and apparent
      optimum pH. The enzymes in kidney and spleen were localized in the cytosol. The
      developmental study showed increasing activities of the enzyme after birth and a
      maximum on the 60th day in both liver and spleen. The activity in kidney
      increased after birth and reached a plateau on the 30th day.

PMID- 3391158
TI  - Is chymotrypsin output a better diagnostic index than the measurement of
      chymotrypsin in random stool?
AB  - This study compares the diagnostic utility of fecal chymotrypsin (CT) output in
      timed stool collections and random stools using a new photometric enzyme assay.
      The CT output (mean +/- SD, U/24 h) was 1,487 +/- 1,980 in 127 children with
      normal fat absorption and negative sweat-chloride test (mean age 45 months), and
      1,804 +/- 1,452 in 27 cases with fat malabsorption due to nonpancreatic disease
      (mean age 41 months). 66 cases of cystic fibrosis (CF) were examined (mean age
      119 months). Stool output in 19 newly diagnosed patients before therapy was 85 +/
      94, in 42 patients receiving enzyme replacement therapy was 3,462 +/- 2,841, and
      in 5 patients with pancreatic sufficiency 1,754 +/- 1,482. Using nonparametric
      statistics, 120 U/24 h was defined as the lower limit of the 95-percentile for
      stool CT output. Only 5 of the 127 patients with normal fat absorption had output
      below that limit. None of the patients with nonpancreatic malabsorption and only
      1 treated CF patient had lower values. Sixteen of the newly diagnosed CF patients
      had stool CT less than 120 U/24 h. The sensitivity of the test is therefore 84%
      and its specificity 97% at this decision threshold. However, no diagnostic
      advantage is gained from measuring CT output in timed stool collections as
      compared to random stools.

PMID- 3391159
TI  - Bovine skeletal muscle adenosine deaminase: kinetic and thermodynamic studies.
AB  - Adenosine deaminase from bovine skeletal muscle catalyzes the hydrolytic
      deamination of adenosine to inosine and ammonia via an ordered Uni-Bi mechanism,
      if water is not considered as a true second substrate, as deduced from the
      inhibition pattern products. The inhibition constants (Ki) obtained for inosine
      and ammonia were 316 mumol/l and 2 mol/l, respectively. The activation energy of
      the reaction has been calculated as 10 kcal/mol, delta H* and delta F* as 7.9 and
      15.6 kcal/mol, respectively, and delta S* as -23 cal/mol/degrees K.

PMID- 3391160
TI  - Release of enzymes from quiescent fibroblasts during ATP depletion.
AB  - The association between ATP depletion and enzyme release from cells has been
      described in two different ways: as a more or less linear dependence, or with a
      threshold value below which the enzyme release will start. We have investigated
      the association between ATP depletion caused by various metabolic inhibitors and
      enzyme release on quiescent fibroblasts. We found that the enzyme release never
      started before the ATP had decreased to a critical low level. Addition of glucose
      to cells while ATP was still above this critical level led to a regeneration of
      ATP and enzyme release did not occur. If ATP was lowered to 35-40% and kept there
      for 24 h, the enzyme release was minimal. These results support the threshold
      theory for release of enzymes from cells.

PMID- 3391161
TI  - Kinetic characterization of human heart and skeletal muscle CK isoenzymes.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to investigate the kinetic properties of human
      creatine kinase (CK) isoenzymes partially purified from heart and skeletal
      muscle. Utilizing the backward CK-catalyzed reaction of creatine phosphate + ADP
      in equilibrium creatine + ATP, Km values for heart and skeletal muscle CK MM (3.7
      mmol/l) were significantly (p less than 0.05) greater than CK MB (2.1 mmol/l)
      which were significantly (p less than 0.05) greater than mitochondrial CK (1.8
      mmol/l) at variable creatine phosphate and fixed ADP concentrations. However, Km
      values for similar isoenzymes from the two different tissues, i.e., CK MB from
      heart vs. skeletal muscle, were not different. These results show that kinetic
      analysis of CK isoenzymes cannot differentiate the tissue source of elevated
      blood CK isoenzymes after the acute stress of long distance running or after
      acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3391162
TI  - Ricin and alpha-sarcin alter the conformation of 60S ribosomal subunits at
      neighboring but different sites.
AB  - The effects of ricin and alpha-sarcin separately or in combination on the
      conformation of rat liver ribosomes were investigated by measuring the relative
      accessibility of individual ribosomal proteins to N-ethylmaleimide after 80S
      ribosomes were treated with these toxins. By using a double-labelling technique
      in which ribosomes were incubated with the toxins and then treated with 3H
      labelled or 14C-labelled N-ethylmaleimide, it was found that labelling of protein
      L14 was specifically reduced by treatment with ricin, and that of proteins L3 and
      L4 by treatment with alpha-sarcin, suggesting that the toxins alter the
      conformation of ribosomes in the vicinity of these proteins. When ribosomes were
      treated with both ricin and alpha-sarcin, the extent of labelling of protein L3
      was reduced compared to that observed after treatment with alpha-sarcin alone.
      These results are discussed in relation to previous observations showing that
      these three proteins are neighbours in the 60S ribosomal subunit and probably
      play important roles in protein biosynthesis, and in the actions of ricin and
      alpha-sarcin on 28S rRNA.

PMID- 3391163
TI  - Expression of a DNA-ligase-stimulatory factor in Bloom's syndrome cell line
      GM1492.
AB  - An increased DNA ligase activity is observed in extracts of Bloom's syndrome (BS)
      fibroblast cell line GM1492. The activity is 2-3-fold higher in this cell line
      compared to normal human fibroblasts, and 5-20-fold higher than in three other BS
      cell lines investigated. The DNA ligase activity in GM1492 cells is promoted by a
      heat-resistant, protease-sensitive factor comigrating with DNA ligases on single
      stranded-DNA--cellulose. The factor stimulates DNA ligase I as well as DNA ligase
      II, and is not identical to the activity-promoting homologous DNA pairing, which
      is also enhanced in GM1492 cell extracts.

PMID- 3391164
TI  - Purification and characterization of cytosolic protein-tyrosine kinase from
      bovine platelets.
AB  - A cytosolic protein-tyrosine kinase has been highly purified from bovine
      platelets using [Val5]angiotensin II as a substrate. The purification procedure
      involves sequential column chromatography on phosphocellulose, Sephacryl S-200,
      poly(L-lysine)-agarose, casein-Sepharose 4B and 2',5'-ADP-Sepharose 4B. Analysis
      of the most highly purified preparations by SDS/polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis revealed a major silver-stained band of molecular mass 71 kDa.
      This molecular mass was consistent with results obtained from sucrose density
      gradient centrifugation, indicating that the enzyme exists as a monomer. The
      purified kinase, called CPTK 71, efficiently phosphorylated tubulin and p36
      (calpactin 1 heavy chain). However, it did not phosphorylate H1 histone. Half
      maximal enzyme activity was observed at 2.2 microM ATP, and Mn2+, Co2+ and Mg2+
      were effective divalent metal ions for the expression of activity. Insulin,
      epidermal growth factor, and platelet-derived growth factor had little or no
      effect on the kinase activity of CPTK 71. CPTK 71 had no immunological cross
      reactivity with pp60src. These results suggest that CPTK 71 is a novel type of
      protein-tyrosine kinases among the enzymes so far reported.

PMID- 3391165
TI  - Effects of the Xenopus laevis mitochondrial single-stranded DNA-binding protein
      on the activity of DNA polymerase gamma.
AB  - The single-stranded DNA-binding protein from Xenopus laevis oocyte mitochondria,
      which has been found associated with the D loop, binds to ssDNA in stoichiometric
      amounts and can under certain conditions stimulate the activity of the DNA
      polymerase gamma. Its properties suggest that it is involved in strand
      displacement during the replication of the mitochondrial genome.

PMID- 3391166
TI  - Cloning and expression of a beta tubulin gene of Physarum polycephalum.
AB  - A beta tubulin gene of Physarum polycephalum has been isolated from a genomic
      library in the phage EMBL4. Southern-blot hybridization to genomic DNA indicates
      that the cloned DNA is derived from the betB1 locus of the beta tubulin gene
      family. A tubulin-specific subfragment of the phage DNA was used as a
      hybridization probe to construct a restriction map of the betB1 locus. The probe
      consisted of the almost complete coding region of the 5' half of the tubulin
      gene, interrupted by one intron. The derived amino acid sequence of this subclone
      deviates from the protein sequence for Physarum amoebal beta tubulin (amino acids
      4-207) in two of 207 amino acids. We used both recA and recBC sbcB bacterial host
      strains, which have been recommended for cloning of instability-conferring
      sequences of the Physarum genome, but were unable to subclone the 3' part of the
      gene from the phage DNA. Primer-extension analysis indicates that the betB gene
      is expressed in the vegetatively proliferating amoebal and plasmodial stages of
      the life cycle as well as in differentiating (sporulating) plasmodia.

PMID- 3391167
TI  - Identification of a cDNA clone for sorghum leaf malate dehydrogenase (NADP).
      Light-dependent mRNA accumulation.
AB  - The mechanisms underlying the photoregulation of the synthesis of sorghum leaf
      malate dehydrogenase (NADP) (EC 1.1.1.82) (NADP-MDH), a key enzyme in C4
      photosynthesis, have been investigated. During the greening process a light
      dependent increase in enzyme activity took place, accompanied by de novo
      synthesis of the protein. In vitro translation experiments showed that this
      chloroplastic protein is synthesized as a precursor (46 kDa) with a 'transit
      peptide' of about 2.5 kDa. A large increase in NADP-MDH-translatable RNAs was
      also observed during greening. We describe also the construction and
      characterization of a cDNA clone for NADP-MDH (pCM18A) in the expression vector
      lambda gt11. The use of this homologous probe demonstrated a light-dependent mRNA
      accumulation.

PMID- 3391169
TI  - Control analysis of metabolic networks. 1. Homogeneous functions and the
      summation theorems for control coefficients.
AB  - 1. The summation theorem CJ1 + ... + CJn = 1 for flux control coefficients CJi is
      shown to be equivalent to the assumption that flux J is a homogeneous function of
      degree 1 of enzyme concentrations E1,..., En, that is to the assumption J
      (tE1,..., tEn) = tJ (E1,..., En) for any t not equal to 0. Likewise, the
      summation theorem CXj1 + ... + CXjn = 0 for concentration control coefficients
      CXj1 is equivalent to homogeneity of degree 0 of steady-state metabolite
      concentrations Xj, or Xj (tE1,..., tEn) = Xj (E1,..., En). From this equivalence
      it is obvious that metabolic control analysis applies only to homogeneous
      systems. 2. The summation theorem for flux control coefficients is shown to be
      equivalent to that for concentration control coefficients, provided all reaction
      rates vi are homogeneous functions of enzyme concentrations Ei. 3. The
      equivalence between homogeneity of flux J and the summation theorem for flux
      control coefficients is used to analyse branching of fluxes in metabolic pathways
      in terms of flux control coefficients.

PMID- 3391168
TI  - A photo-chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization NMR study on rabbit and
      bovine cytochrome b5.
AB  - Although it has been indicated that proteins with chromophoric groups are not
      suitable for photo-chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (photo-CIDNP)
      measurements, we have successfully obtained these spectra for a heme protein,
      cytochrome b5. The characteristics of the spectra differed in some points from
      those so far reported. The intensities of the signals in the aromatic region were
      very weak, while those of the beta-methylene protons of one histidine and one
      tryptophan were extremely strong in comparison with the aromatic protons. It was
      demonstrated, on the basis of the photo-CIDNP spectrum, that one of seven
      histidines, all three tyrosines and a single tryptophan of the rabbit soluble
      cytochrome b5 are exposed on the surface of the protein. The results of
      comparison of the photo-CIDNP spectra for the rabbit soluble and intact, and
      bovine intact, cytochrome b5 led us to the conclusion that the conformation of
      the hydrophilic, catalytic part of cytochrome b5 is quite similar among these
      three proteins. In the presence of Chaps micelles, bovine intact cytochrome b5
      was in monomeric form and the histidine signals disappeared from its photo-CIDNP
      spectrum. When bovine intact cytochrome b5 was reconstituted into egg yolk
      phosphatidylcholine liposomes, although separate signals due to the protein part
      were observed in the normal 1H-NMR spectrum, no photo-CIDNP signal could be
      detected. The normal spectrum suggests that the conformation of the protein
      embedded in liposomes is similar to that of the oligomeric form without lipids or
      a detergent.

PMID- 3391170
TI  - Control analysis of metabolic networks. 2. Total differentials and general
      formulation of the connectivity relations.
AB  - The mathematical background of the connectivity relations of metabolic control
      theory is analysed. The connectivity relations are shown to reflect general
      properties of total differentials of reaction rate vi, flux J, and metabolite
      concentration Xj. Connectivity relations hold for any metabolic network in which
      all vi are homogeneous functions of enzyme concentration Ei. This notion allows
      established algebraic methods to be used for the formulation of connectivity
      relations for metabolic systems in which numerous constraints are imposed on
      metabolite concentrations. A general procedure to derive connectivity relations
      for such metabolic systems is given. To encourage a broader audience to apply
      control theory to physiological systems, an easy-to-use graphical procedure is
      derived for formulating connectivity relations for biochemical systems in which
      no metabolite is involved in more than one constraint.

PMID- 3391171
TI  - Selective distinction at equilibrium between the two alpha-neurotoxin binding
      sites of Torpedo acetylcholine receptor by microtitration.
AB  - The binding of the monoiodinated alpha-neurotoxin I from Naja mossambica
      mossambica to the membrane-bound acetylcholine receptor from Torpedo marmorata
      was investigated using a new picomolar-sensitive microtitration assay. From
      equilibrium binding studies a non-linear Scatchard plot demonstrated two
      populations of binding sites characterized by the two dissociation constants Kd1
      = 7 +/- 4 pM and Kd2 = 51 +/- 16 pM and having equal binding capacities. These
      two populations differed in their rate of dissociation (k-1.1 = 25 x 10(-6) s-1
      and k-1.2 = 623 x 10(-6) s-1 respectively), but not in their rate of formation of
      the toxin-receptor complex (k + 1 = 11.7 x 10(6) M-1 s-1). From these rate
      constants the same two values of dissociation constant were deduced (Kd1 = 2 pM
      and Kd2 = 53 pM). All the specific binding was prevented by the cholinergic
      antagonists alpha-bungarotoxin and d-tubocurarine. In addition, a biphasic
      competition phenomenon allowed us to differentiate between two d-tubocurarine
      sites (Kda = 103 nM and Kdb = 13.7 microM respectively). Evidence is provided
      indicating that these two sites are shared by d-tubocurarine and alpha-neurotoxin
      I, with inverse affinities. Fairly conclusive agreement between our equilibrium,
      kinetic and competition data demonstrates that the two high-affinity binding
      sites for this short alpha-neurotoxin are selectively distinguishable.

PMID- 3391172
TI  - Human aldolase A gene. Structural organization and tissue-specific expression by
      multiple promoters and alternate mRNA processing.
AB  - The complete nucleotide sequence of the human aldolase A isoenzyme gene is
      reported. The cloned gene sequence, spanning 7530 bp, includes twelve exons and
      occurs as a single copy per haploid human genome. The structural organization of
      the gene is quite complex: eight exons containing the coding sequence are common
      to all mRNAs extracted from human and other mammalian sources; four additional
      exons are present in the 5' untranslated region, of these one is contained in the
      ubiquitous type of mRNA, the second is in the muscle-specific type of mRNA and
      the third and fourth are in a minor species of mRNA found in human liver tissue.
      Furthermore, the determined sequence includes 1000 nucleotides upstream from the
      first exon (exon I) in the 5' flanking region, and 400 nucleotides, which include
      the polyadenylation signal, downstream from the termination codon. S1-nuclease
      protection analysis of the 5' end of mRNA extracted from human cultured
      fibroblasts, muscle and hepatoma cell lines indicates the existence of four
      different transcription-initiation sites. The latter are also supported by the
      presence of conventional sequences for eukaryotic promoters. Therefore, the four
      promoters on the same gene generate different tissue-specific transcripts, which
      share the translated sequence, but each has a unique 5' untranslated region as a
      result of differential mRNA processing. The nucleotide homology at the coding
      region and the intron-exon organization of the three human and mammalian aldolase
      A, B and C genes confirm that they arose from a common ancestral gene, and that
      aldolase B diverged first.

PMID- 3391173
TI  - Amino acid sequence of a calcium-binding protein (TCBP-10) from Tetrahymena.
AB  - The amino acid sequence of a calcium-binding protein obtained from the cilium and
      cell body of Tetrahymena, designated as TCBP-10 (Tetrahymena calcium-binding
      protein; molecular mass = 10 kDa [Ohnishi, K. and Watanabe, Y. (1983) J. Biol.
      Chem. 258, 13978-13985] was determined. It is composed of 102 amino acid
      residues. The exact molecular mass is calculated to be 11563 Da. From the amino
      acid sequence analysis, it has two EF-hand-type calcium-binding sites.

PMID- 3391174
TI  - cAMP-dependent protein phosphorylation of membrane proteins in the parotid gland,
      platelets and liver. Comparison of a 22-kDa phosphoprotein from rat parotid
      microsomes (protein III) with phosphoproteins of similar molecular size from
      platelet and liver membranes.
AB  - Stimulation of secretion in exocrine secretory glands leads to the
      phosphorylation of a 22-kDa membrane protein (protein III) whose function is
      still unknown [Jahn et al. (1980) Eur. J. Biochem. 112, 345-352; Jahn & Soling
      (1980) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 78, 6903-6906]. This report describes the
      comparison of this protein with phosphorylated membrane proteins of similar
      molecular mass in platelets and liver. Incubation of platelets with agents which
      raise the intracellular cAMP concentration results in the phosphorylation of a 22
      kDa protein which is also phosphorylated in membrane preparations by endogenous
      kinases or by exogenous cAMP-dependent protein kinase. It is shown that this
      protein is distinct from protein III although both proteins have the same
      molecular mass and are substrates of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. In contrast
      to platelets, protein III could be demonstrated in liver microsomes. This
      indicates that the function of protein III is not exclusively linked to the
      stimulus-secretion coupling in exocrine cells.

PMID- 3391175
TI  - Lipid-protein interaction. The incorporation of myelin proteolipid apoprotein
      into phosphatidylcholine bilayers.
AB  - Bovine myelin proteolipid apoprotein (PLA), obtained in high yield and purity by
      a novel ultrafiltration procedure, has been used to study the perturbations
      produced by this protein on phosphatidylcholine bilayers, using infrared
      spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance and fluorescence polarisation. PLA
      interacts with phospholipids in a similar manner to other intrinsic proteins. For
      bilayers in the fluid state, the fatty-acyl chain static order, as measured by
      deuterium NMR, is slightly increased in the presence of the protein, except at
      very high PLA concentrations. Phosphorus NMR reveals some perturbation of the
      phospholipid polar group by PLA, but to a smaller degree than occurs with other
      intrinsic proteins. An increase in static order above tc (the onset temperature
      for gel-to-fluid transition) is also detected by infrared spectroscopy. Studies
      using steady-state polarisation of diphenylhexatriene fluorescence indicate that
      the microviscosity of the bilayer increases as a function of the protein mole
      fraction. From these data an estimation of the average number of lipids perturbed
      per protein monomer has been made, and a figure of 37 phospholipid molecules
      determined. The data are compatible with a picture of a hydrophobic polypeptide,
      perturbing the phospholipids close to it, but allowing rapid (greater than 10(4)
      s-1) exchange with all the lipid molecules in the system.

PMID- 3391176
TI  - New insights into maitotoxin action.
AB  - Maitotoxin (3 ng/mol) induced a massive uptake of 45Ca2+ into BC3H1 cells. This
      effect exhibits a lag phase of 3 min. Inositol diphosphate formation occurred
      concomittantly with the 45Ca2+ uptake but inositol monophosphate formation was
      found only after a 5-min delay following toxin addition. Maitotoxin-induced
      45Ca2+ influxes could not be blocked by either 1 microM verapamil, 1 microM
      nifedipine or 1 mM La3+ but was blocked by Zn2+ (IC50 = 41 microM). In addition
      to inositol phosphate formation and 45Ca2+ uptake, maitotoxin stimulated a large
      uptake of Na+ and a great loss of K+ in BC3H1 cells. In the absence of Ca2+ (1 mM
      EGTA) none of the four maitotoxin effects could be detected. After restoration of
      Ca2+, the maitotoxin effects reappeared even when the toxin itself was no longer
      present. The divalent cation, Co2+ (1 mM), inhibited ion movements induced by
      maitotoxin and also digitonin (8.1 microM). The toxin action showed a very
      pronounced pH dependence. At low pH, maitotoxin was inactive. The dose-response
      curves for H+ ion inhibition of maitotoxin-induced Ca2+ uptake showed a shift to
      the right when determined in the absence of HCO3- and HCO3-/Cl- ions. It was
      concluded that the primary action of maitotoxin in BC3H1 cells was a pore-forming
      or channel-forming activity of a non-classical type. Some properties of
      maitotoxin resemble those of alpha-latrotoxin, others those of pore-forming
      agents such as melittin or alpha-toxin of Staphylococcus aureus.

PMID- 3391177
TI  - Uptake and intracellular transport in rat liver of formaldehyde-treated bovine
      serum albumin labelled with 125I-tyramine-cellobiose.
AB  - 1. Endocytosis of formaldehyde-treated bovine serum albumin by rat liver
      sinusoidal cells has been followed by injecting rats with the protein labelled
      with 125I-tyramine cellobiose (125I-TCfBSA). 125I-TCfBSA is quickly taken up by
      the liver; the radioactivity present in the organ reaches a plateau 5-10 min
      after injection and is maintained for up to at least 180 min. During the first 5
      min most of radioactivity remains acid-precipitable. After which, labelled acid
      soluble components are produced at a constant rate for up to 30-40 min. 2.
      Differential centrifugation shows that radioactivity is first recovered mainly in
      the microsomal fraction. Within a few minutes it exhibits a distribution pattern
      similar to that of lysosomal enzymes, being chiefly located in the mitochondrial
      fractions. 3. Isopycnic centrifugation in a sucrose gradient of the microsomal
      fraction isolated 1 min after injection indicates a similar distribution for
      radioactivity and alkaline phosphodiesterase. Later, the microsomal radioactivity
      distribution curve is shifted towards higher densities and becomes distinct from
      that of the plasma-membrane enzyme. After isopycnic centrifugation in a sucrose
      gradient of the total mitochondrial fraction a considerable overlapping of acid
      precipitable and acid-soluble radioactivity distributions is observed without
      significant changes with time. The same is observed in a Percoll gradient except
      that after a relatively long time (greater than 30 min) of injection a marked
      shift of radioactivity distribution towards higher densities occurs. 4. A
      pretreatment of rats with Triton WR 1339, a density perturbant of liver
      lysosomes, causes a striking shift of acid-soluble radioactivity distribution in
      a sucrose gradient towards lower densities while having markedly less influence
      on the acid-precipitable distribution. As a result, a distinction between the
      distribution of both kinds of radioactivity becomes clearly apparent. A
      preinjection of yeast invertase, modifies the acid-soluble distribution without
      having a significant effect on the acid-precipitable distribution up to 30 min
      after 125I-TCfBSA injection. 5. Glycyl-1-phenylalanine-2-naphthylamide largely
      releases acid-soluble radioactivity associated with the mitochondrial fraction,
      whatever the time after 125I-TCfBSA injection. On the other hand the proportion
      of acid-precipitable radioactivity present in the fraction that can be released
      is almost zero at 10 min after injection, and it later increases. 6. The results
      presented here are best explained by supposing that, after being trapped in small
      pinocytic vesicles, 125I-TCfBSA is quickly delivered to the endosomes.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3391178
TI  - Guinea-pig liver leukotriene A4 hydrolase. Purification, characterization and
      structural properties.
AB  - Leukotriene A4 hydrolase from perfused guinea-pig liver was purified 1200-fold to
      near homogeneity with a yield of about 20%. Apparent values of Km and Vmax at 37
      degrees C (27 microM and 68 mumol x mg-1 x min-1), turnover number, and
      activation energy for the conversion of leukotriene A4 into leukotriene B4 were
      estimated from kinetic data obtained at -10 degrees C, 0 degree C and +10 degrees
      C (Arrhenius plots). Physical properties including Mr (67,000-71,000), pH
      optimum, isoelectric point and Stokes' radius were determined. The amino acid
      composition and N-terminal amino acid sequence were established after
      carboxymethylation of the enzyme. Unlike liver cytosolic epoxide hydrolase, the
      purified enzyme did not catalyze the conversion of leukotriene A4 into (5S,6R)
      5,6-dihydroxy-7,9-trans-11,14-cis-icosatetraenoic acid.

PMID- 3391179
TI  - International Workshop on Physical Training and Ventricular Dysfunction. 8-9 May
      1987, Veruno, Italy. Proceedings.

PMID- 3391180
TI  - Feasibility of physical training in post-infarct patients with left ventricular
      aneurysm: a haemodynamic study.
AB  - To investigate the haemodynamic changes after physical training in patients with
      left ventricular aneurysm, 60 uncomplicated patients, mean age 51 +/- 10 years,
      underwent a maximal ergometric test in the supine position with haemodynamic
      monitoring (Swan-Ganz catheter) 37 +/- 10 days from acute myocardial infarction
      and after a 4-week period of supervised physical training. The size of
      aneurysmatic dilatation (aneurysm area-total end-diastolic area ratio %) and
      resting left ventricular ejection fraction (Dodge's method) were obtained from a
      two-dimensional echocardiogram (apical approach) performed on the same day of the
      pre-training ergometric test. On average, left ventricular ejection fraction was
      reduced (39 +/- 11%), with values below 35% in 25 patients. Resting pulmonary
      wedge pressure was greater than 12 mm Hg in 42 patients and greater than 20 mm Hg
      at peak exercise in 48 subjects. The entity of aneurysmatic dilatation was
      significantly related to left ventricular ejection fraction (r = 0.60, less than
      0.001), but not to the values of pulmonary wedge pressure at rest (r = 0.22) or
      at peak exercise (r = 0.11). No complication during the physical training period
      was observed. After training, maximal work capacity increased (77 +/- 29 vs 94 +/
      35 W, P less than 0.001) as well as cardiac output and stroke volume with a
      slight change in pulmonary wedge pressure (24 +/- 7 vs 28 +/- 7 mm Hg, P less
      than 0.05). At matched submaximal exercise, heart rate decreased (P less than
      0.05), stroke volume and arterio-venous oxygen difference increased (P less than
      0.05) without significant changes in cardiac output and left ventricular filling
      pressure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3391181
TI  - Does the study of anaerobic metabolism give quantitative information on left
      ventricular dysfunction during exercise?
AB  - The anaerobic threshold (AT) has been proposed as an index to assess the
      functional status of patients with chronic heart failure. The focus of this
      report was to evaluate in post-myocardial infarction patients the utility of the
      AT for (a) assessing the severity of exercise-induced left ventricular
      impairment, (b) determining the responses obtained from different treatments and
      (c) prescribing exercise training. We found that the AT level was lower in
      patients with abnormal haemodynamic patterns during exercise. The AT was
      correlated to different degrees of exercise-induced left ventricular impairment.
      The nitrate and calcium-antagonist effects have been evaluated in patients with
      abnormal exercise haemodynamics. The resting and exertional results were in
      agreement with the vasodilator effects. Moreover, the time from onset of exercise
      to the appearance of the AT was significantly increased by the treatments. Thus,
      AT during pharmacological treatments may be a non-invasive useful parameter for
      assessing their haemodynamic effects. Finally, a 4-week intermittent training
      programme based on AT level was evaluated in patients with abnormal resting and
      exertional haemodynamics. The results showed an improvement of the exercise
      cardiovascular tolerance without negative effects on left ventricular function.
      Therefore, the AT seems to be useful when prescribing a rational and
      individualized training programme.

PMID- 3391182
TI  - Are the irreversible perfusion defects on myocardial thallium scans really
      irreversible?

PMID- 3391183
TI  - Haemodynamic implications of exercise-induced myocardial ischaemia in patients
      with recent inferior myocardial infarction.
AB  - Two hundred and forty patients with recent inferior myocardial infarction were
      studied by a symptom-limited ergometric test with haemodynamic monitoring (triple
      lumen tip-thermistor Swan-Ganz catheter) in order to investigate and quantify the
      haemodynamic effects of exercise-induced myocardial ischaemia in post-infarct
      patients and to assess whether the ST-segment changes give any indication of the
      degree of ventricular impairment. One hundred and thirteen patients showed no ST
      segment changes during excercise; ST-segment elevation in leads with abnormal Q
      wave occurred in 14 patients, ST-segment depression was recorded in 88 subjects,
      and both ST-segment elevation and depression were found in 27 patients. In
      subjects with no ST-segment shift, as well as in those with exercise-induced ST
      segment elevation, the resting and exertional haemodynamic patterns were normal
      or nearly normal. In subjects showing ST-segment depression or both ST-segment
      elevation and depression during exercise the mean pulmonary wedge pressure was
      abnormally elevated (at peak exercise 25 +/- 8 and 24 +/- 7 mm Hg, respectively).
      However, 31% of these showed a normal haemodynamic pattern either at rest or
      during exercise. The number of leads with ST-segment depression and the sum of ST
      segment depressions in standard ECG does not reliably indicate the degree of
      ischaemia-dependent left ventricular impairment. In contrast, in patients grouped
      on the basis of time of ST depression appearance, the lower the ischaemic
      threshold the more severe was the left ventricular impairment. Finally, to assess
      the relative role of both scar and ischaemia in producing left ventricular
      dysfunction, the haemodynamic patterns of patients with and without exercise
      induced ST-segment depression were compared in subsets with similar
      echocardiographic wall asynergy extent (inferior, infero-apical, infero-septo
      apical). Among patients with small or medium-sized scar, the exertional left
      ventricular filling pressure was normal in patients with no ST-segment depression
      and abnormally elevated in those with ST-segment depression. In patients with
      large infarct, the exercise pulmonary wedge pressure was similarly elevated in
      both the ischaemic and non-ischaemic group, but in the latter cardiac output
      increase during exercise was limited. IN CONCLUSION: in patients with recent
      inferior myocardial infarction exercise-induced ST-segment depression is a marker
      of left ventricular impairment when the ischaemic threshold is low. The
      impairment consists of an abnormal elevation of left ventricular filling pressure
      in all subjects, associated with a reduced increase in cardiac output in patients
      with large infarct.

PMID- 3391184
TI  - Clinical significance of mitral regurgitation in patients with recent myocardial
      infarction.
AB  - The prognostic implications of the presence of mitral regurgitation (MR) in
      patients with recent myocardial infarction has not been clarified yet. In March
      1983, we undertook a prospective study in patients surviving a first episode of
      acute myocardial infarction. Over a 4-year period, 266 patients entered the
      study. Left ventriculography documented the presence of MR in 51 patients, while
      215 did not have angiographic evidence of MR. The presence of MR was associated
      with larger infarcts, as shown by greater values of peak CK (P less than 0.05)
      and by the prevalence of Q-wave vs non-Q-wave infarctions (P less than 0.05).
      Transient left ventricular failure during hospitalization was more frequent in
      patients with MR (P less than 0.05), while the occurrence of early post
      infarction angina was similar in the two groups of patients. No difference was
      found in the extent of coronary disease, yet patients with MR had higher values
      of left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) (P less than 0.005) and a
      lower ejection fraction (EF) (P less than 0.001). Patients with MR had a reduced
      exercise capacity (P less than 0.005), but signs of myocardial ischaemia were
      similarly distributed in the two groups. Patients with anterior infarcts and MR
      had higher left ventricular volumes than patients without MR, while no difference
      was found between patients with and patients without MR and inferior infarction,
      suggesting that left ventricular dilatation may play an important role in the
      pathogenesis of MR in patients with anterior but not in those with inferior
      infarction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3391185
TI  - Sympatho-vagal changes induced by physical training in cardiac patients.
AB  - Heart-rate and blood pressure increase correlate proportionally to myocardial
      oxygen consumption. A 100% increase in stroke volume, however, is related to only
      a 10% increase in myocardial oxygen consumption (Sarnoff et al., 1958). An
      economical cardiac adaptation to exercise which results in a saving of myocardial
      oxygen requirements (Heiss et al., 1979) is therefore based on an increased
      stroke volume in relation to a moderate heart-rate response and a decrease in
      circulatory resistance, respectively. Such a cardiac adaptation to exercise can
      be observed in endurance-trained subjects, dependent on a reduction in
      sympathetic activity and an increase in vagal tone. This favourable change in
      sympatho-vagal tone can be expected in all subjects undergoing physical training
      (endurance training) and in part also in some cardiac patients subsequent to
      physical therapy. However, only an approximate normalization of impaired
      autonomic function can be observed as a result of physical therapy in patients
      with significantly reduced exercise capacity, and this in less than 50% of the
      investigated cardiac patients. In cardiac patients with normal exercise capacity
      and approximately normal or slightly decreased left ventricular function, a
      favourable improvement in autonomic function and an increase in exercise capacity
      can be expected in about 50% of cases. The possibility or the extent to which the
      prognosis of cardiac disease is affected by the change in autonomic function
      remains unclear, however.

PMID- 3391186
TI  - Physical training in patients with ventricular dysfunction: choice and dosage of
      physical exercise in patients with pump dysfunction.

PMID- 3391187
TI  - Contraindications to physical training in patients with impaired ventricular
      function.
AB  - Exercise performance in patients with impaired ventricular function does not
      correlate well with the severity of dysfunction. Patients with ventricular
      dysfunction can achieve a fairly high work capacity, and the physiological
      variables respond in a similar way, regardless of whether or not the patients do
      or do not have impaired function. Furthermore, patients with pump dysfunction can
      benefit from a supervised physical training programme by improving their
      functional capacity and thus, their quality of life. The absolute
      contraindications for exercise therapy in this group of patients with coronary
      artery disease should therefore be identical to those who have normal ventricular
      function. In our opinion, special attention should be exercised in patients who
      have chronotropic incompetence, lack of an elevation or decrease in blood
      pressure during exercise performance and in those whose stroke volume is not
      elevated during even low to moderate work-loads. Recommendations as to the
      implication of exercise therapy as a therapeutic modality in patients with
      ventricular impairment must be accepted with caution. The reason for this is that
      our observations are based on historical, anecdotal trials, most of which
      included only a modest number of patients. Future research and a prolonged follow
      up is needed in order to obtain both a more exact analysis and eventually
      scientifically based evidence on the benefits and hazards involved.

PMID- 3391189
TI  - Is there a role for simple hysterectomy after irradiation for bulky cervical
      carcinoma?
AB  - Twenty eight patients with bulky cervical carcinoma, who were treated by
      irradiation and simple hysterectomy, were studied. Eight of these patients had
      non-radical pre-operative irradiation. The patients had various FIGO-stages. The
      prognostic significance of morphologically intact tumor cells in the hysterectomy
      specimen and the relationship between pre-operative irradiation dosage, intact
      tumor cells and recurrences is discussed. Positive pelvic lymph-nodes obtained by
      sampling had more prognostic significance than intact tumor cells in the
      hysterectomy specimen. The role of adjunctive hysterectomy in local tumor control
      was not evident. Non-radical pre-operative irradiation proved to be inadequate.

PMID- 3391188
TI  - Malignant peritoneal cytology in stage I endometrial adenocarcinoma: the effect
      of progesterone therapy (a preliminary report).
AB  - From February 1982-June 1986, 25 consecutive patients with surgical stage I
      endometrial adenocarcinoma (no evidence of metastasis at surgery or occult
      cervical or adnexal involvement on histopathologic review) and malignant
      peritoneal cytologic washings were treated with progesterone therapy. Twenty-two
      patients have undergone a second look laparoscopy and repeat cytologic washings,
      one of those also underwent a third look laparoscopy. Two patients refused second
      look laparoscopy, and in a third patient laparoscopy was medically
      contraindicated; all three have no evidence of disease (NED) at 15, 46, and 64
      months respectively and are off therapy. Of the 22 patients who underwent second
      look laparoscopy, 21 (95%) had no macroscopic evidence of recurrent endometrial
      carcinoma and repeat negative peritoneal cytology; 1 patient (5%) had persistent
      malignant peritoneal cytology but was NED at third look laparoscopy one year
      later. All 25 patients are off progesterone therapy and remain clinically NED
      from 12-64 months. Although progesterone therapy for malignant peritoneal
      cytology resulted in a 100% reversal of malignant peritoneal cytology to normal
      in the 22 patients who underwent second or third look laparoscopy and all 25
      patients remain clinically NED, the true value of progesterone therapy can only
      be ascertained by a randomized trial of progesterone versus no therapy.

PMID- 3391190
TI  - Risk factors in ovarian cancer.
AB  - For 50 years, the three- and five-year survival rates of under 40% for invasive
      ovarian cancer in the USA have not significantly changed. Identifying those women
      who have a greater probability of developing the disease should contribute to
      improving survival. Our 3-year case-control study of 298 women from the
      metropolitan Washington, DC, area with primary epithelial ovarian cancer revealed
      a woman is at greater risk of developing ovarian cancer if she has a family
      history of the disease, experiences difficulty becoming pregnant, and has a
      normal menopause with hot flashes. Her risk for the disease is diminished with
      multiparity, a history of dysmenorrhea, and hysterectomy. Physicians should
      consider these risk factors when performing pelvic examinations in women and
      coordinate them with known changes in ovarian size and procedures to view the
      ovaries which may permit earlier recognition of ovarian cancer.

PMID- 3391191
TI  - Comparison of suspicious and positive colposcopic, cytologic, and histologic
      findings in the uterine cervix.
AB  - One hundred and seven cases of suspicious or positive colposcopic or cytologic
      findings were histologically analyzed. In cases of colposcopically detectable,
      atypical changes or suspicious findings as well as of cytologic dysplasias or
      carcinomas, the histologic diagnoses were almost the same. The results
      demonstrated that colposcopy and cytology with a quick staining method are of
      value. Biopsy can quickly follow in cases of suspicious findings.

PMID- 3391192
TI  - Differences in the occurrence and age distribution of lesions in other organs in
      women with/without cervical neoplasia.
AB  - Over a 5 1/2 yr study period lesions leading to biopsy were reported in 902 of
      3.937 women (23%) with a record of cervical neoplasia, compared to 1,142 of
      13,030 controls (9%). This applied irrespective of the severity of the cervical
      lesion. In women with a record of cervical neoplasia, again irrespective of the
      severity of the lesion, relatively more lesions were seen in other organs in the
      younger age groups (45 yrs and less). In contrast the number of such lesions
      increased with age in the controls. While the present study gives no indication
      of the possible nature of the implied link between cervical neoplasia and the
      other lesions involved, it is suggested that the possibility of a common virus
      aetiology should be explored.

PMID- 3391193
TI  - Hormonal and surgical treatment of endometrial adenocarcinoma: actuarial
      survival.
AB  - We studied the survival period in two groups of patients with endometrial
      adenocarcinoma treated at the Chair B Institute of Gynecology and Obstetrics. The
      first series includes 30 of the 52 patients treated from 1976 to 1979. The second
      series includes 81 patients treated from 1980 to 1986. Lymph nodal positivity was
      present in 5 cases out of 30 patients belonging to Group I: all the interested
      lymph nodes were in the pelvic areas. Lymph nodal metastases were, instead,
      present in 10 cases as regard patients of Group II. Pelvic lymph nodes were
      involved in all the cases; in 5 of them also the paraaortic nodes were involved.

PMID- 3391194
TI  - Morphological criteria for prognosis of endometrial carcinoma with special regard
      to nuclear grading.
AB  - Histological and cytological prognostic factors have nowadays become
      indispensible criteria in planning the individualized surgical therapy of
      endometrial carcinoma. These factors can already be determined preoperatively on
      the basis of the fractionated curettage specimen with great reliability. A
      correction might be necessary after surgery in order to induce an individual
      postoperative therapy, if required, or to do without further treatment with
      benefit for the patient. In our investigations, nuclear grading has proved to be
      the most reliable prognostic factor.

PMID- 3391195
TI  - Psammomabody content and DNA-flow cytometric results as prognostic factors in
      advanced ovarian carcinoma.
AB  - 138 advanced ovarian serous carcinoma--all FIGO stages III/IV--were investigated
      by prognostic morphological factors like tumour grading and rate of psammomabody
      content--subdivided in to serous carcinoma with a high, a moderate and a low rate
      of psammomabodies and a group of serous carcinoma without psammomabodies.
      Additionally 91 of these tumours were examined by DNA-flow-cytometry-
      respectively DNA-ploidy and s-phase-fraction. All prognostic factors were
      correlated to the overall survival time. The psammomabody content factor is only
      important if histologically a high or moderate rate of psammomabodies is found in
      the tumour tissue. Tumours with a low rate of psammomabodies do not differ from
      serous tumours without psammomabodies. DNA-flow-cytometry is a qualified method
      to demonstrate a slow tumour growth tendency. The majority of carcinomas with a
      high rate of psammomabodies is DNA-diploid and has a low -phase-fraction. The
      overall survival rate for these tumours is much better. Tumour grading--a more
      subjective method--is also of high value, but there is a certain difficulty in
      reproducing the results in individual cases. By the combination of the two
      morphological methods--semiquantitative assessment of psammomabodies and DNA-flow
      cytometry--we were able to discover a small group of patients with advanced
      ovarian cancers who have a favourable prognosis.

PMID- 3391196
TI  - Primary squamous carcinoma of the endometrium. Case report.
AB  - A case of primary squamous carcinoma of the Endometrium is reported. Only 21
      cases of this tumor type have been published in the medical literature for the
      moment.

PMID- 3391197
TI  - Virus in gynaecological oncology.
AB  - We measured the antibody presence of eventual viral infections (Parotiditis,
      Cytomegalovirus, Herpes Simplex and Hepatitis B) in 51 patients affected by
      malignant gynaecological tumours. Ninety five women composing the control group
      not affected by any pathology, underwent the same tests. Even if research has
      utilized various indirect methods for the antibody dosage of each viral
      infection, we have not confirmed other Authors' reports. It might be referable to
      the limited number of cases in our study up to date. In order to make a
      comparison among different reports we look forward to a uniformity of various
      laboratory methods. Reliable results will be obtained only by increasing the
      number of clinical cases and by utilizing the method of determination of viral
      genome in tumoral cells. The technique is the only reliable among different
      methods for determining a previous viral infection.

PMID- 3391199
TI  - Outpatient hysteroscopy in the diagnosis of neoplastic and preneoplastic lesions
      of the endometrium.
AB  - The results of a study performed on a case series of 250 women treated in our out
      patient department for abnormal uterine bleeding are reported. Half of these
      patients (125) were 45 years of age or over and therefore at risk of
      adenocarcinoma or endometrial hyperplasia while the other half were under 45
      years of age. All the patients were submitted to hysteroscopic examination as out
      patients (no important side-effects occurred), together with cytologic and/or
      histological examination of the endometrium. This procedure revealed no disease
      in 59 cases (23.6%) and the presence of one or more benign conditions in 188
      patients (75.2%) (inflammation, polyposis, myomatosis, endocervical or uterine
      adenomiosis, endometrial hyperplasias, dysfunctional patterns, intrauterine
      foreign bodies). Endometrial adenocarcinoma was diagnosed in 3 patients (1.2%).
      The discovery of 3 cases (1.2%) of adenocarcinomas and 62 cases (24.8%) of
      endometrial hyperplasias (58 simple glandular hyperplasia, 3 cystic-glandular
      hyperplasias and 1 polypoid hyperplasia) emphasive the reliability of
      hysteroscopy in the diagnosis of endometrial neoplasias and their precursors.

PMID- 3391198
TI  - Integrated techniques in the identification of ovarian tumors.
AB  - This work is intended to be an effort to standardise the diagnostic iter of
      ovarian pathology. This protocol is carried out with a clinical examination and
      later by USG and celioscopy. It tests the management of functional and
      endometriosic cysts and the other ovarian pathologies.

PMID- 3391201
TI  - Hypogastric vein ligation during oncologic surgery as thromboembolic disease
      prevention.
AB  - Pulmonary embolism and vein thrombosis are frequent and dangerous complications
      in pelvic surgery. They can be the cause of death in 0.01%-0.87%. The Authors
      have used, since 1973, as vein thrombosis prophilaxis (VTP): early mobilization,
      physiotherapy, elastic compressive stocking plus pharmacologic therapy. Since
      1975, according to Heidrich and Thomas researches, they have also adopted
      hypogastric vein ligation (HVL) in high risk patients, because those Authors
      underlined a primitive responsibility of the hypogastric district (mainly the
      left one). The Authors mortality rate after the introduction of HVL seemed very
      low. However, since Jan. '86, they have divided the high risk patients in 3 group
      (R), in order to collect statistically significant data in the usefulness of the
      proposed technique.

PMID- 3391200
TI  - Endometrial carcinoma. Clinical and pathological correlations with survival and
      surgical treatment.
AB  - From 1978 to 1985 a total of 151 patients were treated for endometrial carcinoma.
      Of these, 25 patients underwent extrafascial abdominal hysterectomy and pelvic
      lymphadenectomy, 25 were treated according to Wertheim procedure and pelvic
      lymphadenectomy and 32 underwent intrafascial abdominal hysterectomy; 62 women
      underwent vaginal surgery, 7 of whom according to Shauta. A correlation between
      the degree of myometrial invasion, histological grading, hystological type and
      stage of the tumor showed no statistically significant difference. The 5-year
      actuarial survival rate was found to be 76.5%. A comparison between survival and
      age of patients showed a significant difference in the survival (p less than .01)
      of the group less than 55 years as compared to the older age group. As far as the
      surgical treatment instituted is concerned, no statistical difference in survival
      was found between patients operated vaginally and those operated abdominally (p
      greater than .05). The site of recurrences were then analyzed in 22 patients, 50%
      were local recurrences, and the remaining distant metastases. Of these only one
      patient was cured and is still free of disease 5 years after recurrence. The
      criteria used to select patients for vaginal surgery are also indicated.

PMID- 3391202
TI  - Sexual functioning following treatment of cervical carcinoma.
AB  - Women faced with cervical carcinoma usually feel an increased need for support
      and attention, in particular from their partners as, at the same time an
      important part of the partner relation, sexual interaction often becomes
      problematic. In this research the eventuality of a reduced sexual motivation in
      cervical carcinoma patients was investigated. It was found that sexual
      interaction is valued significantly less by women treated for cervical carcinoma
      than by women from a non-patient control group. After treatment no changes in
      overt sexual behaviour occur. Furthermore an effort was made to identify the most
      important psychosexual variables underlying the reduction in sexual motivation.
      It was found that a considerable decrease in the appraisal of oneself as a sexual
      partner is generally basic to the problem. Apparently women try to cope by
      conforming to the sexual demands of their partners and with that of prevailing
      sexual norms. It was concluded that cervical carcinoma treatment has a strong
      negative effect on the sexuality of the patients and that it often amplifies the
      already existing ambivalence towards sexual interaction in women.

PMID- 3391203
TI  - Clinical importance of nuclear progesterone receptor (PR) in endometrial
      adenocarcinoma.
AB  - Nuclear progesterone receptor (PR) concentrations were measured in 40 samples of
      endometrial adenocarcinoma and in 13 samples of normal endometrium taken from the
      same hysterectomy specimen. The levels of PR, expressed in pmol/mg DNA, were
      correlated with clinical and histopathologic characteristics of endometrial
      cancer and with the concentrations of progesterone in ovarian blood. The results
      suggest that PR levels might serve as a additional qualitative and quantitative
      prognostic risk factor in patients with endometrial cancer.

PMID- 3391204
TI  - Levo-norgestrel-nova-T and precancerous lesions of the endometrium.
AB  - The authors report the preliminary data on the topical treatment of endometrial
      hyperplasia by an intrauterine device releasing Levo-norgestrel (LNG-Nova-T), in
      a series of 31 patients. The patients examined so far by endometrial biopsies
      performed at predetermined intervals showed a complete histological regression of
      the hyperplasia, regardless of its pattern.

PMID- 3391206
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies in ovarian tumor imaging.
AB  - Immunoscintigraphy of ovarian tumors by intraperitoneal administration of I131
      HMFG2 monoclonal antibodies (mabs) was used in this study. The purpose was to
      evaluate the diagnostic potential of this non-operative imaging technique in
      detecting ovarian tumor nature and spread. Sixteen patients that received 500
      1000 microCi of I131 labelled HMFG2 mabs were evaluated. The scans obtained were
      compared mainly with the macro and microscopic operative findings of the
      subsequent laparotomy. Immunoscintigraphy accurately scanned tumor spread in 7
      out of 9 patients with known ovarian cancer. It also successfully revealed the
      malignant or benign nature of pelvic masses in 6 out of 7 patients examined.

PMID- 3391207
TI  - Pretreatment scalene node biopsy in cervical carcinoma.
AB  - To evaluate incidence of scalene node metastases from carcinoma of the cervix, 20
      patients had scalene fat-pad node biopsy. All cases were staged according to FIGO
      criteria and abdominal lymph nodes were studied by CT and lymphangiography.
      Scalene node metastases were found in 2 patients with clinically suspicious node
      and pelvic and paraaortic nodes involvement. Seven patients had sinus
      histiocytosis in scalene node biopsy and this seems related to a more favourable
      prognosis. From this study it appears that scalene node biopsy is not a routine
      procedure and should be performed in all patients with palpable supraclavicular
      masses or when paraortic nodes are involved.

PMID- 3391205
TI  - Endometrial cancer: a comparative analysis of the therapeutic results and causes
      of failure after treatment by radiation combined with surgery or radiation
      therapy alone.
AB  - The present study involved 215 endometrial carcinoma patients. Ninety-nine were
      treated by combined irradiation and surgery (preoperative external irradiation
      and intracavitary insertion followed by total hysterectomy and lymphadenectomy).
      Radiotherapy alone was used with 116 patients i.e. whole pelvis external
      irradiation and Heyman radium packing (40 patients) or afterloading techniques
      with Fletcher-Suit-Delclos applicators and cesium (76-patients). The 5-year NED
      survival rate was 78.7% in the combined therapy group and 44% in the exclusive
      radiotherapy group. The locoregional recurrence rates were 10% in the combined
      group and 28% in the exclusive radiotherapy group. These results are discussed in
      relation to data in the literature and to biases introduced due to patient
      selection in this nonrandomized study. Five-year survival rates, locoregional
      recurrence rates and sites of failures are analyzed according to the different
      treatments. Modifications of the external irradiation and intracavitary
      techniques allowed us to obtain better results and fewer complications.

PMID- 3391208
TI  - Ovarian tumours: anatomohistopathological contribution to their interpretation.
AB  - The data resulting from an epidemiological and anatomopathological study on
      ovarian tumours in the Trieste province are presented. 970 cases of ovarian
      neoplasms diagnosed in the Institute of Pathological Anatomy and Histology of
      Trieste University over the 1969-1985 period were analyzed: 66.7% were benign and
      33.3% were malignant. The crude incidence of benign ovarian tumours was
      24.2/100,000 and that of malignant tumours was 12.1/100,000. The incidence rate
      of the latter standardized on the world population was 6.5/100,000. It is a low
      level, which does not increase over time. Benign ovarian tumours affect all age
      groups, while malignant tumours are more frequent among elderly women. In
      addition, the distribution by age group varies according to the histological
      type. Among benign tumours, the most frequent are the epithelial ones (over 50%
      of the total), followed by tumours of germinal origin (27.5%), tumours of the
      ovarian stroma (21.6%) and those of ovarian non-specific tissues (0.8%). Among
      malignant neoplasms, epithelial ones are 94.4%, germinal tumours 2.8%, stromal
      tumours 1.8% and sarcomas 0.9%.

PMID- 3391209
TI  - RI lymphography by submucous injection in the pars vaginalis of the cervix uteri.
AB  - We have improved conventional RI lymphography, and investigated its usefulness as
      a screening method for lymph node metastasis. We injected 99mTc-sulfur colloid
      directly under the mucous membrane of the pars vaginalis of the cervix uteri of
      patients with cervical cancer, and took images every 5 minutes for 2 hours. At
      the same time, we analyzed the data stored in a computer, and attempted to
      observe the movement of radioisotopes taken into the lymph nodes. The subjects
      were 100 patients (200 study units) with cervical cancer, on whom histological
      examinations were performed. Of these, 41 study units were seen to be clouded by
      invasive cancer in the lymph nodes or parametrium. In the group in which both
      lymph nodes adjacent to the uterine cervix and the common iliac lymph nodes were
      delineated, lymph node metastasis was ruled out in 96.2%. Also, in some of the
      cases in which metastasis was seen, even though the lymph nodes were delineated,
      there was some delay in taking up the isotope. Therefore, it seems that as the
      main method, a diagnosis of "true negative" in the case of no metastasis is more
      useful than a "true positive" for the existence of metastasis.

PMID- 3391210
TI  - Preneoplastic lesions of the vulva.
AB  - The authors, after a short review of the anatomo-clinical and epidemiologic
      patterns of vulvar preneoplastic lesions (VIN), analyze the emerging data from
      the most recent Literature. From them they suggest a series of questions about
      the vulvar neoplasia natural history and the biological precursors of this
      disease. They foresee that the integration of the results that can be obtained
      from the advanced studies could succeed in clearing up the neoplastic
      potentiality of preneoplasic vulvar lesions.

PMID- 3391211
TI  - The colposcopy and the cone biopsy in the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of
      81 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.
AB  - A conization was performed on 81 patients with histological diagnosis of cervical
      intraepitelial neoplasia (CIN), whom and previously a rigorous colposcopic
      examination. 64 patients were younger than 35 years. The previous strict
      colposcopic examination determined that in none of the cases were the surgical
      margins of the cone biopsy affected: In 26 cases there was no correlation between
      the previous biopsy and the histological diagnosis of the cone biopsy. The latter
      was--higher in degree in 9 cases and, in addition to this, in the 23
      histerectomies that were performed after the conization, 7 surgical specimens
      showed CIN in their histological study. The non-involved surgical margins--that
      could be obtained in those cases with a careful previous colposcopy,--can not
      guarantee the exeresis of all the CIN zones. The biopsy of an atypical zone, in a
      colposcopic extensive lesion, cannot be representative of the whole lesion. In
      the follow-up--5 years maximum and 1 year minimum--3 relapses had appeared and 9
      pregnancies had been diagnosed, that had not showed an increase in the number of
      premature labours, nor in the cesareas-rate.

PMID- 3391212
TI  - Unusual cough related stress injuries.
AB  - Two cases of unusual cough related stress injuries of the ribs are described.
      Both were detected on a 2 h delay bone scan. To our knowledge, cough stress
      injuries have been not previously described scintigraphically.

PMID- 3391213
TI  - Positive imaging of venous thrombi and thromboemboli with Ga-67 DFO-DAS
      fibrinogen.
AB  - A newly developed thrombus imaging agent, 67Ga-DFO-DAS-fibrinogen (67Ga
      fibrinogen), was used for 22 studies in 20 cases of suspected deep venous
      thrombosis. Increased accumulation of 67Ga-fibrinogen in venous thrombi was
      depicted at 48 h after injection in 10 of the 15 cases (10 of 17 studies) who
      showed abnormal findings in radionuclide venography. A hot spot in the lung
      emboli was visualized in two cases. Seven of the eight cases having anticoagulant
      therapy showed increased 67Ga-fibrinogen uptake, while follow-up 67Ga-fibrinogen
      scintigraphy after the administration of heparin and urokinase did not reveal an
      abnormal hot spot in one case. 67Ga-fibrinogen can be made available simply by
      adding 67Ga solution to a vial containing fibrinogen-DAS-DFO conjugate. In
      conclusion, 67Ga-fibrinogen is considered to be a promising agent for detecting
      active venous thrombi and to assess the effect of anticoagulant therapy.

PMID- 3391214
TI  - Scintigraphic control of pulmonary embolism.
AB  - Pulmonary embolism was diagnosed by combined perfusion and ventilation
      scintigraphy in 30 patients. A control examination 6 months later revealed
      pulmonary embolism or infarction in 8, in spite of conventional treatment.
      Therefore, patients treated for pulmonary embolism should be reexamined 3 to 6
      months after diagnosis.

PMID- 3391216
TI  - Quantitative lymphoscintigraphy.
AB  - A radioisotopic method was used to evaluate the state and dynamics of the
      lymphatic system in 92 patients affected by chronic oedema of the limbs and in 12
      control subjects. After interstitial injections of 99mTc-sulphur microcolloid,
      scans were obtained using a LFOV camera linked to a data processor. The
      quantitative indices of clearance and lymph node uptake obtained showed good
      correlation with lymphoedema etiology, controls and ostensibly healthy limbs of
      patients affected by monolateral disease. In conclusion, quantitative
      lymphoscintigraphy appears to be a feasible indicator of early changes in the
      lymph pathophysiology and supports the hypothesis that lymphoedema generally
      arises from a predisposing congenital pathology.

PMID- 3391215
TI  - Cortical perfusion assessment with 123I-isopropyl amphetamine (123I-IAMP) in
      normal pressure hydrocepha lus (NPH).
AB  - NPH can be reversible after cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion. In the past no
      reliable criteria could be defined to predict the successful outcome of CSF
      shunting. Several authors demonstrated an increased cerebral blood flow after
      lumbar puncture in patients with NPH, indicating an underlying impairment of
      cerebral circulation autoregulation. 123I-AMP brain tomoscintigraphy was applied
      to 23 individuals with NPH before and after CSF drainage. Of these 23 patients,
      10 underwent surgical shunting. The frontal and parietal hypoactive cortical
      pattern was present in NPH but not pathognomonic. Under stimulation of CSF
      pressure lowering, seven patients with improved outcome after shunting
      demonstrated an increase of cerebral perfusion in these areas, whereas a decrease
      of activity was found in three patients whose clinical status was unchanged after
      CSF diversion. This tomoscintigraphic test may be an interesting additional
      criterion for surgical admission.

PMID- 3391217
TI  - Lipoprotein profiles at different stages of the nephrotic syndrome.
AB  - We investigated lipoprotein profiles in 24 children with normal renal function at
      different stages of the idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (NS). Four groups of
      patients were studied: (I) steriod-resistant NS with persistent proteinuria; (II)
      untreated steroid-sensitive NS during a relapse; (III) steroid-sensitive NS in
      remission induced by steroid-treatment; (IV) steroid-sensitive NS in long-term
      remission without therapy. Triglycerides (TG), cholesterol (CHOL), and
      phospholipids (PLP) were measured in plasma as well as in the lipoprotein
      fractions of very low (VLDL), intermediate (IDL), low (LDL) and high density
      (HDL). Apoproteins (Apo) AI, AII, B and C-apoproteins were measured in patients
      of groups I and IV. Results were compared to those obtained in 24 healthy control
      subjects. All patients with active NS (groups I-III) had significantly elevated
      CHOL levels. TG and CHOL in the VLDL, IDL, LDL, and CHOL in HDL2, but not HDL3
      were inversely correlated with the serum albumin level. Patients with active NS
      had increased concentrations of TG and CHOL in lipoprotein fractions of lower
      density. Total and fractionated HDL-CHOL was not significantly different from
      control levels in any group. Patients in group I had significantly reduced Apo AI
      levels, whereas an increase of Apo AI and Apo AII in HDL3 and of most C
      apoproteins in both HDL fractions was observed in patients of group IV. While
      changes in HDL apoprotein composition during long-term remission are of yet
      unknown clinical significance, our data indicate an increased risk of
      atherosclerosis only in those paediatric patients with persistent steroid
      resistant NS.

PMID- 3391218
TI  - Cyclophosphamide in treatment of minimal change nephrotic syndrome.
AB  - Nineteen children with the minimal change form of nephrotic syndrome were divided
      according to their pattern of response to prednisone: steroid-dependent and
      frequent relapsers. All patients received cyclophosphamide for 56 days in a
      single daily dose of 2.5 mg/kg (total 140 mg/kg), in order to prolong the length
      of remission. The percentage of patients who continued in remission at the end of
      the 1st, 2nd and 5th years was greater in the frequent-relapser group. This
      retrospective analysis confirms that the pattern of response to prednisone may be
      an important criterion for the selection of patients who will benefit from
      cyclophosphamide therapy.

PMID- 3391219
TI  - Growth and development in simple obesity.
AB  - It is well known that fat children tend to be taller than their peers and to
      present a slight acceleration of skeletal and pubertal maturation. To verify this
      tendency and to examine some of the points that are still controversial,
      auxological data were studied concerning 303 subjects (141 males and 162 females,
      aged 6-16 years) affected by simple obesity. Subjects were seen to be taller than
      average by about 1 SD from 6 to 9 years of age, becoming close to or shorter than
      average at later ages. Height below the 10th percentile was common in 17% of
      males and 8% of females, due to hereditary shortness, growth delay or late
      puberty. Girls had early puberty and menarche; the rate of sexual maturation was
      variable in boys.

PMID- 3391220
TI  - Prediction of final height in boys with non-tumorous hypopituitarism.
AB  - The total height gain was studied in 19 adult male subjects with non-tumorous
      hypopituitarism after they had been treated with human growth hormone (hGH) for
      more than 3 years and achieved final adult height. In patients with a history of
      breech delivery or severe perinatal asphyxia, a high multiple correlation was
      found between the total height gain and bone age plus chronological age at the
      start of therapy. In patients without perinatal problems, the total height gain
      correlated best with the delay of bone age plus height at the start. The equation
      constructed from these data allowed a calculation of the predicted adult height.
      It is shown that the method has an acceptable degree of accuracy.

PMID- 3391221
TI  - Manifestations of congenital hypothyroidism during the 1st week of life.
AB  - Congenital hypothyroidism (CHT) produces few and vague clinical signs during the
      first few weeks of life, when it is still possible to prevent irreparable brain
      damage. In the Finnish national screening programme for CHT, treatment is started
      at a median age of 6 days. According to multiple logistic regression analysis
      based on 102 cases, the main manifestations of CHT at this age are retardation of
      skeletal maturation and growth in length, icterus, large tongue, abdominal
      distension, skin mottling, muscle hypotonia and probably increased head size. The
      presence of other signs did not increase the probability of CHT. All signs are
      non-specific and some of the hypothyroid infants did not have any of them.
      Control of other confusing perinatal problems improved the diagnostic scoring but
      this did not increase the accuracy of prediction acceptably.

PMID- 3391222
TI  - Psychomotor development in congenital hypothyroidism. The Greek screening
      programme.
AB  - In 1979 a national screening programme for congenital hypothyroidism (CH) was
      introduced in Greece. Treatment with L-thyroxine was started immediately after
      confirmation of the diagnosis, at a median age of 28 days. A standardized
      development test (Griffiths) was given to a group of CH infants and to healthy
      controls at the ages of 5-7, 11-13, 17-19, and 23-25 months. Thirty-three infants
      with CH were also studied at the age of 35-37 months. The mean developmental
      quotient of CH infants was 103.8 +/- 12.0, 100.9 +/- 10.1, 103.3 +/- 7.1 and 99.8
      +/- 10.2 from the ages of 5-7 to 23-25 months, and was not statistically
      different from those of the controls. Statistical analysis showed no significant
      differences between athyreotic children and those with an ectopic gland. Our
      findings show that the prognosis for psychomotor development of children with CH
      is quite good, provided that treatment starts in the first 6 weeks of life.

PMID- 3391223
TI  - The effect of feeding human milk and adapted milk formulae on serum lipid and
      lipoprotein levels in young infants.
AB  - The effect of feeding with human milk and commercially available milk substitutes
      was studied in a group of 154 healthy infants during the first 3 months of life
      by assessment of body weight, body length, head circumference, skinfold
      thickness, serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations. Human milk and the
      different milk formulae have the same energy content (kcal/100 ml) and total fat,
      total protein and total carbohydrate contents are comparable but they differ in
      respect of their fatty acid compositions. The various diets were chosen freely by
      the parents and the newborns were exclusively fed either human milk (n = 56),
      Multival 1 (n = 31), Humana 1 (n = 33), or Pre Aptamil (n = 34). No significant
      differences in body weight, body length or head circumference were observed
      between any of the different dietary groups. Fat storage, as assessed by
      measurements of skinfold thickness, was significantly less in breast-fed children
      compared to those on the formula diets. Breast-fed and Pre Aptamil-fed infants
      had the highest levels of total serum cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL)
      cholesterol and LDL. No differences were observed in the levels of total serum
      triglycerides, very low density lipoprotein (VLDL)- and high density lipoproteins
      (HDL)-cholesterol, VLDL and HDL. There were no strong correlations between the
      physical and the biochemical parameters. No indication of an increased risk of
      developing atherosclerosis was associated with any of the dietary treatments for
      the duration of this study. However, these investigations support the hypothesis
      that subtle early nutritional variation can influence mechanisms that regulate
      lipoprotein and cholesterol levels in later life.

PMID- 3391224
TI  - Human immunodeficiency virus infection in multi-transfused patients with
      thalassaemia major.
AB  - We investigated the incidence, clinical and immunological characteristics of
      human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV) infection in a group of multi-transfused
      patients with thalassaemia major who were exposed to transfusion-associated HIV
      infection. Seropositivity to HIV by Western blot and immunofluorescence analysis
      was detected in 26 out of 590 patients. At a follow up 21-40 months later, none
      of these seropositive patients had developed acquired immuno-deficiency syndrome
      (AIDS), and six manifested the AIDS related complex (ARC). ARC was unusually mild
      and consisted of moderate laterocervical and submandibular lymph node enlargement
      associated with hypergammaglobulinaemia and a reduced CD4/CD8 ratio resulting
      from the decreased number of CD4 lymphocytes. These findings suggest that multi
      transfused patients with thalassaemia major are relatively resistant to the
      development of severe manifestations of HIV infection, presumably because their
      immune status is relatively better preserved than that of other infected
      populations. Longer follow up is, however, necessary to determine whether the
      incidence of AIDS will be lower in this population or whether overt AIDS merely
      takes longer to develop.

PMID- 3391225
TI  - Effects of the mass screenings for neuroblastoma in Japan. A study of 68 cases.
AB  - Sixty-eight cases of neuroblastoma detected during mass screening being performed
      by 11 local self-governing bodies of Japan were studied concerning age, clinical
      stage, and survival rate. Their average ages at the first screening, at the
      beginning of thorough examination, and at the start of therapy were 215.7, 245.6,
      and 264.7 days, respectively. This screening, which is aimed at the 6-month-old
      infants is considered to be acceptable, on the grounds that the majority of the
      cases (95.6%) were asymptomatic at the time of thorough examination, that for
      most of the cases (98.5%) the initiation of therapy was at under 1 year of age,
      and that their 60-month survival rate was 87.5%. However, there seems to be room
      for discussion of the best age at which subjects should be screened, because the
      68 cases included some patients already with advanced stages at the time of
      thorough examination, and because "false negative cases" were identified besides
      the 68 positive cases.

PMID- 3391226
TI  - Mass screening for early detection of neuroblastoma?

PMID- 3391227
TI  - Indomethacin and cerebral blood flow in premature infants treated for patent
      ductus arteriosus.
AB  - Central blood flow (CBF) was estimated by an intravenous 133-xenon technique in
      six preterm infants before and after administration of indomethacin for closure
      of patent ductus arteriosus. CBF fell in all infants (range 12%-40%), the mean
      fall was 24% (P less than 0.005). Though none of the infants showed signs of
      impaired cerebral function during or following the injections, the results do not
      indicate whether or not the use of indomethacin is a potential hazard.

PMID- 3391228
TI  - Neonatal screening for biotinidase deficiency in north eastern Italy.
AB  - Biotinidase deficiency satisfies all the criteria for incorporation into neonatal
      mass screening programmes for inborn errors of metabolism. We report our
      preliminary experiences with screening of 24,300 newborns during a 6 month-period
      when 1 infant with biotinidase deficiency was detected. On the basis of these
      results, this disorder appears to be as common as other well known metabolic
      disorders for which mass screening is available.

PMID- 3391229
TI  - Height at diagnosis in diabetes.
AB  - There was no significant difference in the heights of 66 insulin-dependent
      diabetic children at diagnosis when compared with age, sex and period-matched
      controls.

PMID- 3391230
TI  - Haematuria in an adolescent due to bladder carcinoma.
AB  - A 14-year-old boy had a 6 month history of recurrent macroscopic haematuria. A
      papillary non-invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder was found at
      cystoscopy and treated by transurethral resection. In comparison to adults,
      bladder carcinoma is a rare cause of haematuria in children who appear to have a
      favourable prognosis.

PMID- 3391231
TI  - Problems in the diagnosis of tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency.

PMID- 3391232
TI  - Wilson disease in Turkish children.

PMID- 3391233
TI  - Short stature due to unrecognized celiac disease.

PMID- 3391234
TI  - Quantitative endotoxin determination in blood--chromogenic modification of the
      limulus amebocyte lysate test.
AB  - A newly developed modification of the limulus amebocyte lysate test for
      quantification of endotoxin levels in blood is described. The chromogenic peptide
      carbobenzoxy-Gly-Gly-Arg-4-methyl-cumarinyl-7-amid proved to be most suitable.
      The liberated fluorescent dye is diazotized with N(1-naphtyl-)-ethylen-diamin
      dihydrochloride. Using this statistically proved reliable and sensitive test,
      endotoxin serum levels of healthy persons and patients undergoing major surgical
      treatment were compared. In the postoperative phase endotoxin serum levels up to
      0.5 ng/ml can be detected without clinical signs of septicemia. Healthy persons
      show endotoxin serum levels up to 0.08 ng/ml. In rats no difference of endotoxin
      serum levels was detected in the portal vein, and in arterial and venous blood.
      So a physiological endotoxin resorption from the intestine followed by a
      clearance during the liver passage seems to be doubtful in this species.

PMID- 3391235
TI  - Comparative study of gastric cancer in young and aged patients.
AB  - Clinical and pathological findings of gastric cancer in patients of less than 30
      years of age were compared with those in aged patients of over 75 years of age.
      These were 10 males and 24 females, and the rate of gastric cancer for females in
      the younger group was extremely high. There were marked differences between both
      groups in the pathological findings of gastric cancer, and consequently in the
      progressive pattern of the disease, perhaps as the result of differences in the
      matrix of cancer development and the influence of sex hormones. Gastric cancer at
      an advanced stage and delayed surgery in younger patients are attributable to
      negligence on the part of the patient in scheduling a medical examination and
      careless diagnosis by the physician. However, the prognosis of gastric cancer was
      not unfavorable in the younger patients when curative surgery was performed.

PMID- 3391236
TI  - Hepatic autophagy and intracellular ATP. A morphometric study.
AB  - In order to estimate the sensitivity of macroautophagy in liver toward changes in
      ATP we have analyzed the volume density of the autophagic/lysosomal system in
      isolated rat hepatocytes, incubated under conditions where intracellular ATP was
      partially depleted. (a) It appeared that reduction of the intracellular ATP
      concentration by 30-50% decreased the volume density of autophagic vacuoles by
      70%. (b) Partial ATP depletion did not involve significant changes in the volume
      density of dense bodies. Together with studies showing that the rate of overall
      proteolysis via macroautophagy decreases with decreasing ATP concentration
      (P.J.A.M. Plomp, E.J. Wolvetang, A.K. Groen, A.J. Meijer, P.B. Gordon, and P.O.
      Seglen (1987) Eur. J. Biochem. 164, 197-203) our data indicate that changes in
      intracellular ATP primarily affect early steps in the autophagic/proteolytic
      pathway.

PMID- 3391237
TI  - Thrombospondin inhibits adhesion of endothelial cells.
AB  - Adsorption of thrombospondin to a substratum inhibits adhesion of endothelial
      cells to that substratum. Four hours after plating of cells on glass covered with
      thrombospondin, the number of cells bound per unit area was only 8% of that bound
      to fibronectin, and 20% of that which could bind to albumin. While on fibronectin
      cells assumed a well-spread configuration with time in culture, on thrombospondin
      they stayed completely round. On surfaces constructed by sequential incubation of
      glass with thrombospondin and fibronectin or other proteins, thrombospondin
      retained its inhibitory effect on cell adhesion. Fibronectin surfaces treated
      with thrombospondin lost 50% of their capacity to adhere endothelial cells. Cell
      spreading was also greatly impaired. These observations indicate that
      thrombospondin, which is a component of the extracellular matrix, can modulate
      adhesion of endothelial cells to the matrix.

PMID- 3391238
TI  - A high melting structure in DNA distinguishes phases of the cell cycle.
AB  - Differential scanning microcalorimetry of the nuclei of dividing CHO cells
      revealed DNA structures that showed structural transitions at 60, 76, 88, and 105
      degrees C (transitions I to IV, respectively). In cultures synchronized by
      isoleucine deprivation the enthalpies of transitions I and II were rather
      constant throughout the cell cycle. While the sum of the enthalpies of III and IV
      was nearly constant, the ratio of IV to III varied substantially from one phase
      of the cycle to another. A high IV:III ratio of 6 characterized G1 while S phase
      gave a IV:III ratio of about 2. Cells containing metaphase chromosomes also
      showed a IV:III ratio near 2. The IV:III ratio for CHO cells showed a progressive
      decrease as the cells were maintained in isoleucine-free medium from 0 to 6 days.

PMID- 3391240
TI  - Changes in fibroblast contractility, morphology, and adhesion in response to a
      phorbol ester tumor promoter.
AB  - We have studied the effects of the phorbol ester tumor promoter 12-O
      tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) on the contractility, locomotion,
      morphology, and adhesion of two mammalian fibroblastic cell lines. Using the
      silicone rubber substratum technique, we have found that the first observable
      response to the tumor promoter is a rapid weakening of cell contractility (8-15
      min). This is followed by gradual morphological changes, characterized by a
      hyperextension of the cells' leading lamellae, which stretch out to an unlimited
      degree, and occasionally even detach from the cell bodies. Treated cells also
      become able to crawl onto hydrophobic substrata which are insufficiently adhesive
      to support the spreading of untreated fibroblasts. We suggest that both the
      hyperextension and the ability to spread on nonadhesive surfaces can be explained
      as consequences of the reduced contractility, and that this reduced contractility
      may also help to explain the increased invasiveness and loss of anchorage
      dependence by transformed cells.

PMID- 3391239
TI  - Protein phosphorylation during 5-hydroxytryptamine-induced maturation of Spisula
      oocytes.
AB  - Maturation was induced in Spisula oocytes with 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)
      creatinine sulfate at a final concentration of 5 microM. After 10 and 30 min of
      treatment, oocytes were homogenized and the cytosolic and particulate fractions
      were prepared. The fractions were incubated with [gamma-32P]GTP and [gamma
      32P]ATP. The phosphorylated proteins were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The radioactivity in the gels was determined
      by autoradiography. With [gamma-32P]GTP a marked increase in the radiolabeling of
      proteins with an estimated Mr of 47,000 and 20,000 in the cytosolic and
      particulate fractions, respectively, was demonstrated with the 5-HT-treated
      oocytes, whereas no stimulation was demonstrable with the use of [gamma-32P]ATP.
      A significant increase in GTP-mediated protein phosphorylation occurred within 10
      min after 5-HT treatment before the occurrence of germinal vesicle breakdown,
      suggesting that this post-translation modification of proteins is an early action
      of the neurotransmitter in the induction of meiotic reinitiation in oocytes.

PMID- 3391242
TI  - The effect of heat shock on the morphology of amphibian lampbrush chromosomes.
AB  - Isolated oocytes of Triturus cristatus carnifex cultured in Barthe's medium
      respond to a sudden increase in temperature of 35 or 37 degrees C by the rapid
      condensation of their lampbrush chromosomes. The degree of condensation depends
      on the severity of the heat shock and is accompanied by the retraction of the
      transcriptionally active lampbrush loops. The oocytes were kept at 20 degrees C
      for 12 h after the period of heat shock, before the chromosomes were isolated.
      The minimum period required to effect loop retraction in immature oocytes of 0.7
      mm in diameter was 10 min at 35 degrees C; although more extensive and complete
      retraction occurred if the oocytes were incubated for periods of up to 40 min.
      Chromosomes from more mature oocytes (1.4 mm in diameter) require longer periods
      of heat shock before undergoing condensation. The oocytes themselves do not show
      any obvious morphological changes after heat shock, although the germinal
      vesicles are initially too fragile to isolate manually for several hours. When
      the oocytes are returned to ambient temperatures, they can be cultured in
      Barthe's medium for several days, enabling the chromosomes to be isolated and
      studied. Generally, the chromosomes and loops from immature oocytes remain in a
      condensed state for about 48 h but then the chromosomal axis begins to relax and
      the loops begin to re-form. Depending on the severity of the initial heat shock,
      complete recovery of the normal lampbrush morphology is attained after a few
      days. The re-formed loops are morphologically indistinguishable from untreated
      loops in control preparations and are of the same length on average. This
      response of lampbrushes to heat shock is a reliable and repeatable process and
      should therefore become a valuable model system for the study of chromatin and
      chromosome structure during changes in transcriptional activity. The time taken
      for the lampbrushes to recover their normal morphology, is discussed in terms of
      the return to normal cellular transcription.

PMID- 3391241
TI  - Rapid formation of tight junctions in HT 29 human adenocarcinoma cells by
      hypertonic salt solutions.
AB  - The human colon adenocarcinoma cell line HT 29 grows virtually without tight
      junctions (TJ) under standard culture conditions. Earlier studies have shown that
      focal TJ (fasciae occludentes) can be rapidly assembled in this cell line under
      the influence of various proteases. Here we show that focal TJ can be induced in
      this cell line by a brief treatment with appropriate salt solutions. Induction by
      ammonium sulfate in Hanks' buffer reached a maximum value after 15 to 30 min. The
      amount of TJ increased with the salt concentration and reached a plateau value at
      a concentration of 160 mM ammonium sulfate. The amount and complexity of TJ
      induced by ammonium sulfate were similar to those in experiments using trypsin as
      inducing agent as shown by morphometric analysis. At 0 degrees C, no TJ were
      formed under the influence of the salt. A comparative study of TJ induction using
      a variety of inorganic and organic salts gave the following results. All alkali
      sulfates induced TJ, although with different yield. Both calcium and magnesium
      chloride were potent inducers. Ammonium and sodium salts encompassing a variety
      of anions covered a wide range from maximum induction (sulfate, citrate) to
      almost complete absence of induction (nitrate). Sodium chloride did not induce
      any TJ. It follows that the induction of TJ is a specific effect of individual
      ionic components of the solution as opposed to a general effect of osmolarity and
      ionic strength. The data suggest tentatively that antichaotropic but not
      chaotropic ions have the potential to trigger the formation of TJ in this
      experimental system.

PMID- 3391244
TI  - Fibronectin fibril formation involves cell interactions with two fibronectin
      domains.
AB  - Fibronectin fragments and domain-specific antibodies have been used to study the
      mechanism by which cells reorganize exogenous fibronectin substrata into fibrils.
      Fibroblasts prevented from protein synthesis, and hence not secreting endogenous
      fibronectin or other matrix components, reorganized exogenous fibronectin
      substrata into arrays resembling the matrix of normally cultured cells. Cells
      also formed fibrils from substrata containing mixtures of cell- and either of two
      different heparin-binding fibronectin fragments but not from either fragment
      alone. The gelatin-binding fragment alone or in conjunction with the cell-binding
      fragment did not promote fibril formation. Antibodies recognizing cell- and
      either heparin- or the gelatin-binding domains labeled fibrils formed by cells
      under normal culture conditions or when a substratum of intact fibronectin was
      used as the sole exogenous source. However, only antibodies recognizing the cell-
      or either heparin-binding fragment reduced fibrillogenesis from intact
      fibronectin substrates when added during cell spreading. These data suggest that
      formation of fibronectin fibrils can occur at the cell surface and that membrane
      components recognizing the cell- and the heparin-binding domains in fibronectin
      may cooperate in the assembly process.

PMID- 3391243
TI  - Selective attachment of neural cells to specific substrates including Cell-Tak, a
      new cellular adhesive.
AB  - Adherence of embryonic hypothalamic cells and a homogeneous neuronal cell line
      was assessed on various substrates and compared to attachment to the new cellular
      and tissue adhesive, Cell-Tak. Cell-Tak provided the most advantageous surface
      with 100% of fetal brain cells attaching in 5 h. Attachment of hypothalamic cells
      to compounds such as poly-D-lysine or collagen within this time was increased by
      45 and 25%, respectively, over tissue-culture plastic. All cells of the clonal
      cell line N2AB-1 attached to Cell-Tak in the presence or absence of fetal calf
      serum and were found to be resistant to trypsin removal. Conditioned medium from
      these cells enhanced attachment of N2AB-1 twofold when compared to adherence to
      tissue-culture plastic. Striking morphological changes were seen in N2AB-1 after
      culturing on Cell-Tak for 2 days. Thirty percent of the population extended long
      neurites when grown on Cell-Tak with serum. Without serum, 30 to 50% of the cells
      extended very broad neurites often branched at the end, which were morphological
      changes not seen on plastic surfaces. These findings indicate that Cell-Tak is an
      optimal adhesive for primary neural cell culture and maintenance. Moreover, this
      adhesive protein appears to induce neuritogenesis and cellular differentiation in
      a neuronal cell line.

PMID- 3391245
TI  - Enhancement of sialyltransferase in two melanoma cell lines that are growth
      inhibited by retinoic acid results in increased sialylation of different cell
      surface glycoproteins.
AB  - Previous studies have demonstrated the ability of retinoic acid (RA) to inhibit
      the growth of two spontaneous murine melanoma cell lines (B16-F1 and S91-C2) and
      to augment both sialyltransferase activity and the sialylation of an Mr 160,000
      cell-surface glycoprotein. The present study examined the effects of RA on an
      ultraviolet irradiation-induced murine melanoma cell line K-1735P. Like the two
      spontaneous melanomas, the uv-induced melanoma exhibited susceptibility to the
      growth-inhibitory action of RA. Both the anchorage-dependent and the anchorage
      independent growths of the K-1735P cells were suppressed by RA, with IC50 values
      of 5 X 10(-9) and 3 X 10(-12) M, respectively. Sialyltransferase activity in both
      S91-C2 and K-1735P cells treated with 10(-6) or 10(-5) M RA increased two- and
      three-fold, respectively, as compared with untreated cells. In contrast, cell
      surface sialo- and galactoglycoproteins, revealed by labeling with periodate and
      tritiated borohydrate or with neuraminidase, galactose oxidase, and tritiated
      borohydrate, respectively, varied between the S91-C2 and the K-1735P cells, and
      each cell line's modulation by RA was also distinct. These findings suggest that
      although RA can increase the activity of sialyltransferase in different melanoma
      cells, this increased activity may, in turn, result in an increased sialylation
      of distinct cell-surface glycoproteins.

PMID- 3391246
TI  - Evidence for new cellular proteins which may negatively control DNA replication
      or cell growth in rat 3T3 fibroblasts.
AB  - When separated and proliferating rat 3T3 cells are treated with butyrate (6 mM),
      DNA synthesis stops within 24 h, while RNA and protein synthesis proceed
      unaffected. This gradually converts normal cells into giant ones in the presence
      of butyrate (volume up to 30-fold greater). The giant cells stop growing when
      cell to cell contact is established. By studying the rate of synthesis of 300
      cell proteins, we have identified two proteins (39 kDa, PI = 6.2, and 60 kDa, pI
      = 5.6) whose synthesis rises at least 10-fold when DNA replication and mitosis
      are prevented following intercellular contact or butyrate treatment, and another
      (64 kDa, pI = 5.6) whose synthesis rises at least 10-fold when cell growth stops
      by contact, both in the presence of butyrate and in the absence of butyrate
      (untreated confluent cells). The synthesis of some cellular oncogenes increases
      when the cell transits from G0 to S phase; the two proteins of 39 and 60 kDa
      described here are regulated in the opposite direction, their synthesis is
      enhanced when the cell leaves the proliferation cycle to enter G0.

PMID- 3391247
TI  - Biogenesis of the red cell membrane and cytoskeletal proteins during
      erythropoiesis in vitro.
AB  - Purified erythroid progenitor cells (CFU-E) were used to study in vitro the
      production of the proteins present in the plasma membrane and the membrane
      skeleton. At different stages of erythropoiesis incorporation of [35S]methionine
      was measured and membranes were isolated. Whereas incorporation in the total
      protein mass of the cells increased during erythropoiesis, the labeling of the
      membrane protein fraction decreased. The major erythrocyte membrane proteins were
      synthesized already in the CFU-E and continued to be made till the orthochromatic
      erythroblast stage. Band 3 protein, however, was made at a much lower rate. The
      incorporation in the late stages was only 5% of that in the CFU-E. The major
      changes in the protein composition of the membrane and its adherent skeleton
      occurred at the enucleation step.

PMID- 3391248
TI  - Induction of circular membrane ruffling on human fibroblasts by platelet-derived
      growth factor.
AB  - One of the earliest effects of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) on human
      fibroblasts in culture is an induction of membrane ruffling. The morphology of
      the ruffles induced by PDGF is unique in that they form circular arrangements on
      the dorsal side of the cells. Here we report that the induction of circular
      ruffle arrangements is an effect specific for PDGF, dose-dependent and
      inhibitable by anti-PDGF antibodies. We have attempted to utilize this effect to
      design a rapid and sensitive bioassay for PDGF. The "membrane ruffling assay" is
      compared with other methods to measure PDGF and its specificity with regard to
      the different dimeric forms of PDGF is discussed. Introduction of Ca2+ into the
      cells via the Ca2+ ionophore A23187 or the addition of the tumor-promor 12-O
      tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), which is a stimulator of protein kinase C,
      does not induce circular ruffle formations on human fibroblasts, neither does the
      addition of the combination of these two agents. However, addition of TPA almost
      completely inhibits PDGF-induced circular ruffle formations. Further, we find a
      shift in the time-course of the PDGF-induced circular ruffle formations by sodium
      orthovanadate, an inhibitor of protein tyrosine phosphatases. This may indicate
      the involvement of protein phosphorylation in the regulation of PDGF-induced
      membrane ruffling.

PMID- 3391249
TI  - Growth and differentiation of 3T3-F442A preadipocytes in three-dimensional gels
      of native collagen.
AB  - Three-dimensional gels of native type I collagen have been used as a substrate
      for growth and differentiation in 3T3 adipocyte precursors. Such hydrated
      lattices can support a sustained cell growth leading to several 10-fold increases
      in cell number within 2 weeks. During this period, the cells condense the
      hydrated collagen lattice to a tissue-like structure one-fourth of the area of
      the initial gel. From Days 10 to 12, the cells progressively exhibit
      morphological characteristics of adipocytes and accumulate lipid droplets as
      evidenced by Oil Red O staining. Lipoprotein lipase activity appears very early;
      between Days 8 and 22 it sharply increases 15-fold and then remains stable at a
      very high level (about 30 nmol/min/10(6) cells). The emergence of
      glycerophosphate dehydrogenase activity is delayed; it becomes detectable at Day
      15 and progressively increases up to 700 nmol/min/10(6) cells at Days 35-40.
      Thus, this adipose tissue equivalent appears to be a potential model for studying
      adipocyte function.

PMID- 3391250
TI  - Characterization of glucocerebrosidase in peripheral blood cells and cultured
      blastoid cells.
AB  - We have characterized glucocerebrosidase in various cell types of peripheral
      blood of control subjects and in cultured human blastoid cells. The intracellular
      level of glucocerebrosidase in cultured blastoid cells (10-30 nmol substrate
      hydrolyzed/h.mg protein) resembles closely values observed for leukocyte cell
      types and various tissues and is significantly lower than that observed in
      cultured fibroblasts (150-500 nmol substrate hydrolyzed/h.mg protein).
      Glucocerebrosidase is extracted from leukocyte cell types and cultured blastoid
      cells almost exclusively in a monomeric, nonactivated form with enzymatic
      properties identical to those of the tissue enzyme. In contrast, extracts of
      platelets are rich in an aggregated, activated form of the enzyme.
      Glucocerebrosidase in blood cells and cultured blastoid cells is heterogeneous
      with respect to Mr and pI due to a heterogeneous oligosaccharide composition of
      the enzyme. The different forms seen represent intermediates in the biosynthesis
      and maturation of the enzyme. Blastoid cells should thus be an attractive model
      system for studying the natural history of glucocerebrosidase in a cell type
      related to those cells involved in the pathology of Gaucher disease.

PMID- 3391251
TI  - Effects of cadmium on in vitro and in vivo erythropoiesis: erythroid progenitor
      cells (CFU-E), iron, and erythropoietin in cadmium-induced iron deficiency
      anemia.
AB  - Effects of cadmium (Cd) on in vitro and in vivo erythropoiesis in rats were
      studied by methylcellulose colony assay. Cd suppressed the in vitro growth of
      late erythroid progenitors (CFU-E) in a dose-dependent fashion and did not lose
      its inhibitory potency with increasing doses of erythropoietin (EPO). In
      addition, in marrow suspension cultures, Cd did not significantly influence 59Fe
      incorporation into both the cells and heme, and the Cd dose-responsive inhibition
      curve of the number of living cells was similar to that of CFU-E. These results
      suggest that the suppression of CFU-E colony formation by Cd is not due to the
      blocking of either EPO action to stimulate the growth of CFU-E or the iron
      incorporation into the cells ahd heme, but due to its direct cytotoxic effect.
      The colony suppression by Cd could be prevented by adding metallothionein to the
      cultures. On the other hand, oral administration of Cd to animals (100 mg/liter
      in drinking water) induced an iron deficiency anemia characterized by microcytic
      hypochromic red cells, decreased plasma iron, and increased total iron binding
      capacity. Marrow CFU-E density steadily increased as plasma iron decreased due to
      Cd administration and reached a plateau after 50 days. Plasma EPO titers were
      also found to be elevated in such a Cd-induced anemia. Parenteral iron
      administration during the Cd drinking period could completely prevent the
      development of iron deficiency anemia and the increase of both CFU-E and plasma
      EPO. There was a hyperbolic correlation between CFU-E and plasma iron or
      transferrin saturation. These results demonstrate that oral CD administration
      produces bone marrow hyperplasia at the CFU-E level due to iron deficiency.

PMID- 3391252
TI  - Effect of thyroxine replacement therapy on the growth patterns of body, brain,
      and cerebellum in the neonatal hypothyroid rat.
AB  - The reversibility of the effects of propylthiouracil induced neonatal
      hypothyroidism by daily subcutaneous injections of L-thyroxine (T4) was
      investigated in the rat. Four groups of rat pups were used in this experiment:
      Group I (control) received equivalent amounts of saline subcutaneously; Group II
      (hypothyroid) received propylthiouracil injections daily; Group III (T4-14) are
      hypothyroid rats who received daily T4 replacement therapy (2.5 micrograms/day)
      subcutaneously starting on Day 14; Group IV (T4-21) are also hypothyroid rats
      whose T4 replacement therapy (2.5 micrograms/day) was started on Day 21. The four
      parameters studied were body length, body weight, brain weight, and cerebellar
      weight in these four groups of animals at 4, 7, 10, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42
      postnatal days. A minimum of eight animals were studied for each time sequence.
      The present study clearly indicated the beneficial effect of T4 therapy on the
      length and body weight of the hypothyroid animals, whether therapy was started at
      Postnatal Day 14 or 21. In addition, a more important finding of this study was
      the significant increase in brain and cerebellar weights of T4-treated animals
      compared to the hypothyroid animals, this beneficial effect being more striking
      in the T4-14 group when compared to that in the T4-14 animals.

PMID- 3391253
TI  - Midsagittal transection of the optic chiasm and the corpus callosum induces
      visual split brain in cats: the effect on ocular dominance and responsiveness to
      cells in the visual cortex.
AB  - The geniculocortical pathways from the contralateral eye and the callosal pathway
      were interrupted in cats in order to study how cortical cells are influenced by
      changes induced in the interhemispheric transfer of visual information. Unit
      recording was carried out from areas 17 and 18 boundary, the callosal projection
      zone. The ocular dominance distribution of cortical cells showed absence of
      interhemispheric interaction. The visual areas in the two sides of the brain thus
      functioned independently, presenting a condition of visual split brain. This also
      has been reflected by the absence of compensatory visual inputs via an
      alternative commissural pathway. Furthermore, remarkable diminution in the
      excitability level was found as indicated by the reduction in the proportion of
      visually responsive cells. Finally, the results of the split brain cat reflect
      the condition of the individual operations from which it is composed.

PMID- 3391254
TI  - Ethanol exposure following unilateral entorhinal deafferentation alters synaptic
      reorganization in the rat dentate gyrus: a quantitative analysis of
      acetylcholinesterase histochemistry.
AB  - The phenomenon of reactive synaptogenesis in the dentate gyrus following partial
      deafferentation was used to assess quantitatively the effects of ethanol exposure
      on neuronal plasticity. Adult male Long-Evans rats received unilateral lesions of
      the entorhinal cortex, followed by 40 days of dietary ethanol exposure. Synaptic
      reorganization of the commissural/associational (C/A) and cholinergic (primarily
      septal) afferents was evaluated in the dentate gyrus processed for
      acetylcholinesterase (AChE) histochemistry. The widths and optical densities of
      several laminae in the molecular layer were measured using a computer-based
      digital imaging system. The degree of reorganization was assessed by comparing
      the lesioned side to the unlesioned side in each animal (difference scores were
      calculated). In the exposed blade of the dentate gyrus, the lesion-induced
      expansion of the C/A width was reduced significantly in the ethanol group.
      However, in the buried blade, there was an actual shrinkage of the C/A zone in
      the ethanol group. There was also a tendency for less "clearing" or lightening of
      the AChE staining in the C/A zone of both blades. On the lesioned side, the
      ethanol group also displayed a significantly greater condensation or darkening of
      the AChE staining in the proximal outer molecular layer than the pair-fed control
      group. The supragranular layer of both blades ipsilateral to the lesion was
      reduced in width in the ethanol group. These results indicate that exposure to
      ethanol following partial deafferentation disrupts the normal pattern of synaptic
      reorganization in the dentate gyrus.

PMID- 3391255
TI  - In vitro effects of extracellular calcium concentrations on hippocampal pyramidal
      cell responses.
AB  - This study examined the effects of varying the extracellular Ca2+ concentration
      [( Ca2+]o) on membrane stabilization, response to paired stimuli, and long-term
      potentiation (LTP) in the CA1 pyramidal cells of the rat hippocampal slice. To
      approximate the in vivo state, 1.5 mM [Ca2+]o was used as the control condition.
      Raising [Ca2+]o caused a leftward shift of the input-output curve (stimulus
      intensity vs population spike amplitude) and reduced the tendency toward multiple
      spiking. Lowering [Ca2+]o shifted the input-output curve down and to the right.
      When [Ca2+]o was lowered to 0.75 mM an epileptiform pattern of extracellular
      field responses was produced. Paired-pulse phenomena were studied at an
      interstimulus interval of 20 ms using both input-output curves and action
      potential thresholds for single units. Only facilitation was seen using single
      unit thresholds. Using input-output curves, inhibition was seen in 2.5 and 3.5 mM
      [Ca2+]o at high stimulus intensities but not at all in 1.5 mM [Ca2+]. LTP was
      shown to be Ca2+-dependent, maximal at 1.5 mM [Ca2+]o and absent at 1.0 mM
      [Ca2+]o. LTP was present but less prominent in [Ca2+]o greater than 1.5 mM.

PMID- 3391256
TI  - Epileptiform discharges induced by altering extracellular potassium and calcium
      in the rat hippocampal slice.
AB  - During and after intense neuronal activity the concentration of extracellular
      potassium ([K+]o) increases while the concentration of calcium ([Ca2+]o)
      decreases. The present study examined the effect of increased [K+]o alone, and
      with a parallel decrease in [Ca2+]o, on overall excitability, long-term
      potentiation (LTP), and the appearance of epileptiform discharges. [K+]o and
      [Ca2+]o were varied over the range in which they fluctuate in vivo. Hippocampal
      slices were first equilibrated in a control artificial CSF containing 3.1 mM K+
      and 1.5 mM Ca2+ and then reequilibrated in an identical solution except that the
      K+ was increased to 3.55, 4, 5, 6, or 8 mM with and without a decrease in Ca2+ to
      1.0 mM. Raising [K+]o caused a leftward shift of input-output curves. Lowering
      [Ca2+]o to 1.0 mM had no effect on the ability of [K+]o to shift the input-output
      curve to the left. LTP was not changed by increasing [K+]o. Lowering [Ca2+]o to
      1.0 mM blocked LTP and increasing the [K+]o did not overcome this blockade. When
      [K+]o alone was altered, the [K+]oS at which epileptiform bursts occurred 50% of
      the time were 5.6 and 7.6 mM for stimulus-locked and spontaneous bursting,
      respectively. The combination of decreased [Ca2+]o and increased [K+]o made
      slices considerably more prone to epileptiform activity. In 1.0 mM [Ca2+]o, the
      [K+]o at which 50% of the slices showed stimulus-locked bursting was decreased to
      3.6 mM while that for spontaneous discharges was 5.4 mM. The sensitivity of
      hippocampal slices to [K+]o and [Ca2+]o, and the synergistic actions of
      alterations of these ions, indicates that even small changes in the aggregate
      extracellular ionic milieu may be important in epileptogenesis.

PMID- 3391258
TI  - Effect of acclimation temperature on the axon and fiber diameter spectra and
      thickness of myelin of fibers of the optic nerve of goldfish.
AB  - The optic nerves of common goldfish acclimated to 5 and 25 degrees C were fixed
      with glutaraldehyde in either phosphate buffer or PIPES with EGTA, post-fixed
      with osmium tetroxide, and examined by electron microscopy. The axon diameter
      spectra, from axons measured in electron micrographs and those measured on the
      electron microscope screen, differ noticeably with acclimation temperature. At
      the lower temperature, there is a definite shift toward the occurrence of larger
      fibers compared with the spectrum of the 25 degrees C fish. Although the number
      of fibers assessed is small compared with the total number in the goldfish nerve,
      these results confirm our previous study. These findings could be attributed to
      an increase in the number of new fibers during the acclimation to the higher
      temperature. We discuss this possibility and on the available evidence find it
      unlikely. Other changes in the axon and fiber are also seen with acclimation
      temperature. The axon to fiber diameter ratio, made directly from the electron
      micrographs, shows that axons from the nerves of the higher acclimation
      temperature fish possess consistently thicker myelin sheaths than are found for
      axons in nerves of the lower temperature fish. This finding is also in agreement
      with results obtained by us from measurements independent of each other.

PMID- 3391257
TI  - Respiratory muscle response to load and glycogen content in type I and II fibers.
AB  - To study the relation between the response of respiratory muscle to inspiratory
      loads and glycogen content, we subjected unanesthetized sheep to moderate and
      severe inspiratory flow resistive (IFR) loads. Only severe IFR loads eventually
      led to a decrease in transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi) and a concomitant rise in
      PaCO2. Respiratory and nonrespiratory skeletal muscle samples were obtained at
      necropsy. Glycogen content was determined biochemically in muscle homogenates.
      Frozen sections were stained with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) for glycogen and
      fibers were typed using myosin ATPase stain. Fibers were categorized as full,
      intermediate, or devoid of glycogen by a subjective scoring system of PAS
      staining intensity. We found that glycogen content decreased in the costal and
      crural diaphragm and in the intercostal muscles as the duration of moderate IFR
      loaded breathing was increased. With severe loads glycogen content decreased
      significantly, reaching about 40 and 22% of control levels in the costal and
      crural diaphragm, respectively (P less than 0.01). In addition, with severe IFR
      loads, a statistically significant proportion of both type I and type II muscle
      fibers was depleted of glycogen when compared with that of controls (P less than
      0.05), but more type II fibers were depleted than type I fibers (50 vs 23%).
      These data indicate that in sheep subjected to IFR loads: (1) glycogen content in
      the respiratory muscles decreases as the severity and duration of loaded
      breathing increases and (2) respiratory muscle fatigue occurs at a time when
      considerable glycogen is still present in type I fibers in the diaphragm.

PMID- 3391259
TI  - Tonic neck reflexes on upper limb flexor tone in man.
AB  - The asymmetric tonic neck reflexes on upper limbs in man have been studied by
      analyzing the changes in flexor carpi radialis H-reflex amplitude following body
      rotation around the longitudinal axis with a stationary head. In eight normal
      subjects 15 consecutive H-reflexes were recorded from the right flexor carpi
      radialis muscle at each test position. The tested body rotation angles were 4, 8,
      12, 16, and 20 degrees both to the right side and to the left side. Before and
      after each test position 15 H-reflexes were recorded at 0 degrees. The linear
      correlation coefficient r, computed by plotting the H-reflex amplitudes against
      the relevant body rotation angles, was significant in all the subjects. The FCR H
      reflex amplitude increased with contralateral body rotation (i.e., ipsilateral
      head rotation) and decreased with ipsilateral body rotation (i.e., contralateral
      head rotation). It has been suggested that these findings, which are opposite to
      those observed in animal experiments, are the consequence of the acquired
      antigravity function of upper limb flexor muscles in man.

PMID- 3391260
TI  - Proprioceptive, chemoreceptive and sleep state modulation of expiratory muscle
      activity in the rat.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to assess the respiratory and tonic activity of the
      abdominal muscles and the postinspiratory activity of the diaphragm (stage 1
      expiration) in rats during sleep while they breathed air, hypercapnic, and
      hypoxic gas mixtures. ECoG and neck EMG recordings enabled the differentiation to
      be made between nonrapid eye movement sleep (nREMS) and rapid eye movement sleep
      (REMS). EMGs of the rectus abdominis, internal and external oblique, and
      diaphragm muscles were displayed on a CRT and polygraph. During nREMS the rectus
      abdominis showed no respiratory activity, whereas the oblique muscles showed
      activity confined to stage 2 expiration. This activity was modulated by
      proprioceptive (sleep postures) and chemoreceptive activation (5% CO2 in air and
      10-12% O2 in nitrogen): tonic activity was not consistently affected by such
      inputs. During REMS tonic activity disappeared, whereas phasic activity either
      remained unchanged or was abolished. If phasic activity ceased it could reappear
      periodically during the same REMS epoch. While breathing air, rats in nREMS
      showed postinspiratory diaphragmatic activity which was sustained or slightly
      increased while breathing a hypoxic gas mixture but was virtually abolished
      during hypercapnia. In REMS postinspiratory discharges almost disappeared. The
      data support the conclusion that the diaphragm provides expiratory braking and
      that the external and internal oblique muscles contribute to active exhalation
      during nREMS as well as priming the diaphragm for the next inspiration by
      improving its length-tension relationship. A three-phase neural respiratory
      pattern generator operates in nREMS: it changes temporarily to a two-phase system
      while breathing CO2 and during REMS due to the inhibition of the postinspiratory
      phase.

PMID- 3391261
TI  - [Analgesic activity of derivatives of 7-amino-2,3-polymethylenindoles and their
      congeners].
AB  - Some N-trifluoromethylsulphonyl and N-trifluoroacetylderivatives of 7-amino-2,3
      polymethyleneindoles and of 7-amino-3-propylindole [(I) - (XIII)] were prepared
      and tested, together with corresponding aniline derivates [(XIV) - (XIX)] and
      with N-trifluoromethylsulphonylcyclopentylamine (XX), against formic acid induced
      writhings in mice. With very few exceptions, at the oral dose of 0.167 mmole/kg,
      they proved from 2 to 3.4 times more active than acetanilide.

PMID- 3391262
TI  - Central extra-endocrine effects of vasopressin and oxytocin in the rabbit.
AB  - The effect of vasopressin and oxytocin on cerebral electrical activity, somatic
      behavior, heart rate and rectal temperature of non-anesthetized rabbits was
      studied. Both peptides induced EEG and behavioral activation and proved to be
      active in modifying heart rate and rectal temperature. EEG and behavioral
      changes, as well as autonomic effects seemed to be independent of one another,
      thus suggesting different points of attack of the peptides at CNS level.

PMID- 3391263
TI  - New congeners of antihypertensive and antithrombotic 7-amino or 7-acetyl
      aminosubstituted-4,4a-dihydro-5H-indeno (1,2-c)pyridazin-3-ones.
AB  - New congeners of the antihypertensive and antithrombotic 7-amino-(I b) and 7
      acetylamino-4,4a-dihydro-5H-indeno(1,2-c)pyridazin-3-one (I c) have been
      synthesized and evaluated pharmacologically. Compounds (I k) (R = 7-NHCH3), (I l)
      (R = 7-N(CH3)COCH3) and (I m) (R = 7-N(CH3)COC2H5) exhibited an antihypertensive
      effect similar to that of (I b) and (I c), though short lasting. The
      antithrombotic activity of six compounds was found comparable to or higher than
      that of acetylsalicilic acid. In particular, (I l) and (I m) fully protected mice
      against thrombosis, as did the reference compound (I c).

PMID- 3391264
TI  - Carbamate analogues of (-)-physostigmine: in vitro inhibition of acetyl- and
      butyrylcholinesterase.
AB  - Reaction of (-)-eseroline (1) with alkyl, aryl and aralkylisocyanates afforded a
      series of carbamate analogues of (-)-physostigmine (2) which were assayed for
      inhibition of acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase (AChE and BChE, respectively) in
      vitro. Included in this study were two N-alkyl-substituted carbamates 9 and 14
      obtained from (-)-eseroline (1) with dialkylcarbamoyl chlorides, and allophanates
      12 and 13 obtained as by-products in the reaction of 1 and benzylcarbamoyl
      eseroline (8) with benzyl isocyanate. Whereas none of the analogues studied was
      more potent than 2 against electric eel AChE, and carbamates 6, 7 and 8 were all
      more than 3 times more potent against human plasma BChE than 2.

PMID- 3391265
TI  - Species-specific differences in the toxicity of puromycin towards cultured human
      and Chinese hamster cells.
AB  - The toxicity of the protein synthesis inhibitor puromycin towards a number of
      human and Chinese hamster cell lines has been examined. In comparison to cells of
      human origin, Chinese hamster cells exhibited about 25-fold higher resistance
      towards puromycin. These differences appeared to be species related as all the
      cell lines from any one species showed similar sensitivity towards puromycin. The
      incorporation of [3H]leucine in the hamster cell lines was accordingly found to
      be more resistant to the inhibitory effects of puromycin as compared to human
      cells. Studies on the cellular uptake of [3H]puromycin showed that in comparison
      to human cells, the drug uptake/binding in the hamster cell lines was greatly
      reduced. However, protein synthesis in the extracts of hamster and human cells
      showed no significant differences in sensitivity towards puromycin. These results
      show that the observed species related differences in cellular toxicity to
      puromycin are due to differences in the cellular uptake/binding of the drug.

PMID- 3391266
TI  - Titin: quantitative mass measurements by scanning transmission electron
      microscopy and structural implications for the sarcomere matrix of skeletal
      muscle.
AB  - Scanning transmission electron microscopy has been used to investigate mass and
      linear mass density of native titin-2, a large soluble fragment of intact titin,
      from rabbit skeletal muscle. Dark field images of unstained, freeze-dried titin-2
      appeared as either compact globules or looser and larger balls of string. Direct
      mass measurements indicated that the compact forms have an average mass of 2.40
      +/- 0.50 x 10(6) Da. The mass to length ratio, determined from well-spread
      portions of titin strands (3-5 nm wide) from the ball of string forms, averaged
      2.7 +/- 0.9 kDa/nm. Thus a single native intact titin molecule has a calculated
      contour length of well above approximately 1 micron, sufficient to span
      unidirectionally between the Z line and M line region in a resting-length
      sarcomere.

PMID- 3391268
TI  - Mitochondrial sulfhydryl group modification by adriamycin aglycones.
AB  - Induction of Ca2+ release from isolated, preloaded rat heart mitochondria by low
      concentrations (less than 5 micrM) of adriamycin aglycones, has recently been
      reported [(1988) Biochem. Pharmacol. 37, 803]. Ca2+ release occurs via a
      generalized, Ca2+-dependent increase in the permeability of the inner
      mitochondrial membrane to small molecules. The process is antagonized by
      dithiothreitol, suggesting thiol involvement. This communication demonstrates
      modification of mitochondrial sulfhydryl groups, detected as decreased 5,5'
      dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) reactivity, by adriamycin aglycones. Ca2+
      release and sulfhydryl modification are shown to depend similarly on aglycone
      concentration and on the C-7 substituent of the anthracycline ring. In addition,
      DTNB elicits Ca2+ release. It can therefore be proposed that adriamycin aglycones
      alter mitochondrial membrane permeability by altering mitochondrial thiol status.

PMID- 3391267
TI  - Interaction of 7-acetyltaxol with different tubulin assemblies.
AB  - Equilibrium microdialysis of [3H]acetyltaxol against different tubulin assemblies
      showed that: (i) the binding capacity of tubulin does not depend on the
      temperature; (ii) two classes of 'polymers' exist, with respect to Ac-taxol
      binding. Some of them (plaques, complex cylinders induced with some polycations
      and spirals made with rhazinilam) bound Ac-taxol, as do normal microtubules. In
      contrast, spirals formed with vinblastine and griseofulvin, rings made with
      polycations and complex cylinders induced with spermine do not bind Ac-taxol as
      is the case with free tubulin.

PMID- 3391269
TI  - Long-term ingestion of ammonium inhibits lysosomal proteolysis in rat liver.
AB  - A standard diet was supplemented with ammonium acetate (20%, w/w). The effect on
      liver protein degradation of oral administration of the ammonium diet to rats for
      6 weeks has been studied. It is shown that lysosomal proteolysis is markedly
      decreased (by 62%) while non-lysosomal proteolysis is inhibited by 11%. This is
      the first report showing that ammonium ingestion inhibits liver proteolysis.

PMID- 3391270
TI  - Frictional resistance to motions of bimane-labelled spinach calmodulin in
      response to ligand binding.
AB  - The single cysteinyl residue 26 of spinach calmodulin was labelled with the thiol
      specific bimane fluorescence probe. Following application of stoichiometric
      quantities of Ca2+ or aluminum ions to the protein, temperature-dependent
      fluorescence changes (anisotropy, lifetime) could be monitored via the label.
      From these data the Y function could be constructed which, as a function of
      temperature, seems to consist of two linear regions which intersect at the
      critical temperature, Tc. From the Y function the thermal coefficient, b(T), of
      the frictional resistance to fluorophore rotation could be determined. b(T) was
      dependent on the type and stoichiometry of the ligand(s) bound to calmodulin.
      Changes of the thermal coefficient apparently resulted in part from ligand
      triggered structural pertubations transmitted over a considerable distance to
      calmodulin region I, the site of the fluorophore.

PMID- 3391271
TI  - Molecular cloning and sequencing of the chicken smooth muscle myosin regulatory
      light chain.
AB  - A cDNA probe was constructed from a chicken skeletal muscle regulatory light
      chain cDNA and was used to screen a chicken gizzard cDNA library. A clone
      containing the entire coding region of the chicken gizzard regulatory light chain
      was isolated and sequenced. The deduced protein sequence is identical to the most
      recently reported chemical sequence of the chicken smooth muscle regulatory light
      chain, and has homologies with other troponin C-like calcium-binding proteins.

PMID- 3391272
TI  - Structural specificity of haemosiderin iron cores in iron-overload diseases.
AB  - Haemosiderin iron cores isolated from patients with secondary haemochromatosis
      have a goethite-like (alpha-FeOOH) crystal structure whereas those from patients
      with primary haemochromatosis are amorphous Fe (III) oxide. Haemosiderin cores
      isolated from normal human spleen are crystalline ferrihydrite (5Fe2O3.9H2O). The
      disease-specific structures are significantly different from the ferrihydrite
      structure of associated ferritin cores. The results are important in
      understanding the biological processing of iron in pathological states and in the
      clinical treatment of iron-overload diseases.

PMID- 3391273
TI  - Type IX collagen: a possible function in articular cartilage.
AB  - The effect of type IX on in vitro fibrillogenesis of type II collagen indicated
      that, while not preventing fibrillogenesis, the presence of type IX collagen
      reduced the size of the type II fibre aggregates. This observation is consistent
      with the in vivo localisation studies of type IX collagen. Using the immunogold
      labelling technique, type IX collagen was shown to be located evenly on small
      fibrils which occur at higher concentration closer to the cell. Therefore type IX
      collagen may function as a regulator of fibre diameter in articular cartilage.

PMID- 3391274
TI  - Demonstration of N-acetylchondrosine-degrading beta-glucuronidase in rabbit
      liver.
AB  - N-Acetylchondrosine was incubated at pH 4.0 with a rabbit-liver crude enzyme
      extract. Gel filtration of the reaction products on Sephadex G-15 revealed the
      presence of monosaccharide liberated from the disaccharide. The monosaccharide
      fraction was analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography, and identified as a mixture
      of glucuronic acid and N-acetylgalactosamine. These results indicate the presence
      of beta-glucuronidase, which degrades N-acetylchondrosine, in rabbit liver. The
      discovery of the presence of this enzyme may help to establish the complete
      degradation process of chondroitin sulfates.

PMID- 3391275
TI  - Diacylglycerol stimulates phospholipase A2 from Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts.
AB  - We recently demonstrated that diacylglycerol induced arachidonate release and
      prostaglandin E2 synthesis in 3T3 fibroblasts, and greatly augmented
      prostaglandin E2 synthesis in response to submaximal and maximal concentrations
      of bradykinin. We have now partially purified a phospholipase A2 from the cells.
      When phosphatidyl[3H]choline was used as substrate, several diacylglycerols
      augmented phospholipase A2 activity. Diacylglycerol was effective at
      concentrations as low as 30 nM. Protein kinase C inhibition did not affect
      diacylglycerol's stimulation of phospholipase A2. Diacylglycerol did not alter
      the calcium requirement for phospholipase A2 or its pH optimum. The present study
      demonstrates that the effect of diacylglycerol to augment arachidonate metabolism
      is at the level of phospholipase A2, itself.

PMID- 3391276
TI  - Identification of two fixation sites for penicilloyl groups on the albumin
      molecule from penicillin-treated patients.

PMID- 3391277
TI  - Primary structure of rat liver serine dehydratase deduced from the cDNA sequence.
AB  - The nucleotide sequence of serine dehydratase mRNA of rat liver has been
      determined from a recombinant cDNA clone, previously cloned in this laboratory,
      and from a recombinant cDNA clone screened from a primer-extended cDNA library.
      The sequence of 1322 nucleotides includes the entire protein coding region and
      noncoding regions on the 3'- and 5'-sides. The deduced polypeptide consists of
      327 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of 34,462 Da. Comparison
      of the amino acid sequences of the serine dehydratase polypeptide with those of
      biosynthetic threonine dehydratase of yeast and biodegradative threonine
      dehydratase of E. coli revealed various extents of homology. A heptapeptide
      sequence, Gly-Ser-Phe-Lys-Ile-Arg-Gly, which is the pyridoxal-binding site in the
      yeast and E. coli threonine dehydratases was found as a highly conserved
      sequence.

PMID- 3391278
TI  - Neurohypophysial hormones of the 1-month-old bovine fetus: absence of vasotocin
      during mammal development.
AB  - The neurohypophysial hormones of the 1-month-old bovine fetus have been
      identified by their positions in ion-exchange chromatography and their retention
      times in high-pressure reverse-phase partition chromatography. Arginine
      vasopressin and oxytocin have been recognized. The molar ratio
      vasopressin/oxytocin in neurohypophysis is about 6 in the 1-month-old fetus
      compared with 4 in the 3-month-old fetus, 2.7 in the 7-month-old fetus and 1 in
      the adult. Vasotocin is virtually absent even in the early fetus (less than 0.1%
      of arginine vasopressin). The occurrence of a vasotocin gene expressed in the
      fetus but silent in the adult appears unlikely.

PMID- 3391279
TI  - NMR water-proton spin-lattice relaxation time of human red blood cells and red
      blood cell suspensions.
AB  - NMR water-proton spin-lattice relaxation times were studied as probes of water
      structure in human red blood cells and red blood cell suspensions. Normal saline
      had a relaxation time of about 3000 ms while packed red blood cells had a
      relaxation time of about 500 ms. The relaxation time of a red cell suspension at
      50% hematocrit was about 750 ms showing that surface charges and polar groups of
      the red cell membrane effectively structure extracellular water. Incubation of
      red cells in hypotonic saline increases relaxation time whereas hypertonic saline
      decreases relaxation time. Relaxation times varied independently of mean
      corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration in a sample
      population. Studies with lysates and resealed membrane ghosts show that
      hemoglobin is very effective in lowering water-proton relaxation time whereas
      resealed membrane ghosts in the absence of hemoglobin are less effective than
      intact red cells.

PMID- 3391280
TI  - The refined 2.3 A crystal structure of human leukocyte elastase in a complex with
      a valine chloromethyl ketone inhibitor.
AB  - The stoichiometric complex formed between human leukocyte elastase and a
      synthetic MeO-Suc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Val chloromethyl ketone inhibitor was co
      crystallized and its X-ray structure determined, using Patterson search methods.
      Its structure has been crystallographically refined to a final R value of 0.145
      (8.0 and 2.3 A). The enzyme structure is very similar to that recently observed
      in a complex formed with the ovomucoid third domain from turkey [(1986) EMBO J.
      5,2453-2458]. The rms deviation of all alpha-carbon atoms is 0.32 A. The peptidic
      inhibitor is bound in a similar overall conformation as the ovomucoid binding
      segment. Covalent bonds are formed between Val-P1 of the inhibitor and His-57 NE2
      and Ser-195 OG of the enzyme. The carbonyl carbon is tetrahedrally deformed to a
      hemiketal. The valine side chain is arranged in the S1 pocket in the g
      conformation.

PMID- 3391281
TI  - Isolation of cDNA clones of human argininosuccinate lyase and corrected amino
      acid sequence.
AB  - In the present study, we isolated clones of human argininosuccinate lyase (ASL)
      cDNA from a liver cDNA library using a clone of rat ASL cDNA and analyzed human
      ASL cDNA nucleotide sequence. The results reveal that the sequence of human ASL
      cDNA published by O'Brien et al. in 1986 [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci USA 83, 7211
      7215] had one-base deletions at three independent positions in the coding regions
      near the COOH-terminus, which caused frame-shift variations in the amino acid
      sequence. Amino acid sequencing of peptides prepared from purified human liver
      ASL showed our predicted amino acid sequence to be correct.

PMID- 3391283
TI  - Pertussis toxin stimulates delayed-onset, Ca2+-dependent catecholamine release
      and the ADP-ribosylation of a 40 kDa protein in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells.
AB  - Pertussis toxin was found to stimulate catecholamine release from bovine adrenal
      chromaffin cells in a Ca2+-dependent manner and in the absence of any stimulatory
      or inhibitory agonists for this cell. The release of catecholamine was associated
      with the ADP-ribosylation of an approx. 40 kDa protein present in the total
      membrane fraction. These results are consistent with the existence of an
      exocytosis-linked G-protein.

PMID- 3391282
TI  - The Finnish type of the LDL receptor gene mutation: molecular characterization of
      the deleted gene and the corresponding mRNA.
AB  - In one third of Finnish patients with the heterozygous form of familial
      hypercholesterolemia the disease is due to a gross deletion at the 3'-end of the
      LDL receptor gene. The present study demonstrates that an 8-kb deletion
      completely eliminates exons 16 and 17 and a part of exon 18. Cloning and partial
      sequencing of a DNA fragment from the mutated allele indicated that the 5'
      boundary of the deletion lies within intron 15 while the 3'-breakpoint is located
      at nucleotide 3390 in exon 18. RNA blot hybridization studies revealed that the
      mutated allele encodes a truncated 4.2 kb mRNA (normal, 5.3 kb). This type of
      mutation has not been reported in other ethnic groups.

PMID- 3391284
TI  - Increased membrane heterogeneity in stimulated human granulocytes.
AB  - TMA-DPH fluorescence decay in human PMN before and after stimulation with FMLP
      was studied using frequency domain fluorometry. Membrane heterogeneity was
      assessed by the width of the continuous distributions of lifetime values of
      Lorentzian shape used to describe the fluorescence decay. In non-stimulated
      granulocytes TMA-DPH fluorescence decay is characterized by two distributions of
      lifetime values centered at 6.5 and 1.0 ns and full width at half maximum of 0.3
      and 1.2 ns, respectively. Within 15 min after stimulation, the center values of
      the two distribution components were 5.1 and 0.8 ns and the distribution width
      was 0.8 and 0.6 ns, respectively. These results indicate changes of membrane
      domain organization which can be ascribed to compositional changes and
      redistribution of membrane components.

PMID- 3391286
TI  - [Diagnosis of late pregnancy toxicosis].

PMID- 3391285
TI  - [The regulatory mechanisms of uterine contractile activity (1)].

PMID- 3391287
TI  - [Chronic gastritis with secretory insufficiency].

PMID- 3391288
TI  - [Prevention fo perinatal mortality].

PMID- 3391289
TI  - [Acute glomerulonephritis].

PMID- 3391290
TI  - [Paroxysmal disorders of the cardiac rhythm].

PMID- 3391291
TI  - [Thoracalgia in spondylosis and osteochondrosis].

PMID- 3391292
TI  - [The science of reviving the body (material for talks)].

PMID- 3391293
TI  - [Method of conducting exercises in training health squads].

PMID- 3391294
TI  - [Hygienic significance of plant dust].

PMID- 3391295
TI  - [Viral hepatitis in children].

PMID- 3391297
TI  - [Comparative analysis of parameters of higher nervous activity used for
      determining typological properties of the human nervous system].

PMID- 3391298
TI  - [A combination of methods of catecholamine fluorescence and retrograde labeling
      of neurons during rapid embedding of brain tissue in paraffin].

PMID- 3391299
TI  - [A device for determining critical flicker fusion frequency and the time of
      sensory-motor reaction].

PMID- 3391296
TI  - [Study of the interneuronal connections of transplanted embryonic nerve tissue
      using the rat brain].

PMID- 3391300
TI  - [A method for modelling acute disorders of main blood flow in the thoracic
      aorta].

PMID- 3391301
TI  - [To the editor of "Physiological Journal" (a letter)].

PMID- 3391302
TI  - [Neuronal response of the parietal associative area of the cortex of the alert
      cat to light and auditory stimulation].

PMID- 3391303
TI  - [Effect of exogenous and endogenous acetylcholine on an isolated perfused
      preparation of femoral artery of the cat].

PMID- 3391304
TI  - [Chronoinotropic characteristics of the rat myocardium in the postnatal period of
      ontogenesis].

PMID- 3391305
TI  - [Dynamics of neuronal activity in the lower layers of the anterior tubers of the
      lamina quadrigemina in the sleep-wakefulness cycle].

PMID- 3391306
TI  - [Morphofunctional changes in the heart during temporary occlusion of the
      abdominal aorta and their correction by phosphocreatine and piracetam].

PMID- 3391308
TI  - [Influence of intensive short-term heat effects and epinephrine injections on
      heat resistance of albino rats].

PMID- 3391307
TI  - [Cardio-hemodynamic reactions under the influence of glycine, of neurons of the
      ventrolateral area of the medulla oblongata in the cat].

PMID- 3391309
TI  - [Compensation reactions of the blood system in phenylhydrazine-induced anemia at
      plain and middle mountains altitudes].

PMID- 3391310
TI  - [Absorption capacity of mononuclear phagocytes in rabbits of different ages].

PMID- 3391312
TI  - [Early changes in radioactive glucose accumulation in the thymus of the newborn
      rat after a single injection of the thymosin].

PMID- 3391311
TI  - [Effect of thymostimulin on thymic serum activity and the expression of E
      receptor by guinea pig lymphocytes in late thymectomy].

PMID- 3391314
TI  - [Effect of diazepam on parameters of higher nervous activity and amino acid
      composition of rat brain structures in chronic neurogenic stress].

PMID- 3391313
TI  - [Seasonal features of bile production and lipid peroxidation in albino rats].

PMID- 3391315
TI  - [Handling of emotions: health factor for nurses].

PMID- 3391316
TI  - [How to make the hospitalization of a child the least possible traumatic
      experience. 2].

PMID- 3391317
TI  - [Evaluation of the degree of independence of elderly persons as applicable to a
      simple scale: GERONTE].

PMID- 3391318
TI  - [AIDS and health personnel. What are the risks in the framework of professional
      activities?].

PMID- 3391319
TI  - [Handling of cytostatic agents: protection of nursing personnel].

PMID- 3391320
TI  - Teaching critical care nursing in Turkey.

PMID- 3391321
TI  - Use of restraints: too much or not enough?

PMID- 3391322
TI  - Implications of sleep deprivation in the pediatric critical care unit.

PMID- 3391323
TI  - Unit management as a factor in stress among intensive care nursing personnel.

PMID- 3391324
TI  - Application and removal of adhesive tapes: does it make a difference in skin
      repair?

PMID- 3391325
TI  - The effect of postfusion cell density on establishment of hybridomas.
AB  - The effect of postfusion cell density on establishment of hybridomas in primary
      microculture was studied. Following fusion of BALB/c spleen and NS0 myeloma cells
      in the ratio of 5:1 we demonstrated that seeding the cells at a concentration of
      about 20-25 X 10(4) spleen cells per well resulted in maximal number of wells
      containing only one growing hybridoma clone (40.1-43.7% plated wells). Importance
      of generation of microculture with one clone for the effectiveness of preparation
      of mAb-secreting hybridomas is discussed.

PMID- 3391326
TI  - Hybridoma cultivation in defined serum-free media: growth-supporting substances.
      V. Trace elements.
AB  - The effects of selenium and manganese on growth of hybridomas in serum-free
      medium were studied. The optimum growth-supporting concentration of Na2SeO3 was
      about 50 nM. Omission of selenite resulted in decreased growth (60-70% of the
      number of cells growing with selenite when cultivated for 3 days). The optimum
      growth-supporting concentration of MnCl2 was 0.5 nM. The number of hybridoma
      cells growing 3 days without MnCl2 represented about 80% of the cell number
      obtained by cultivation with MnCl2. Compounds of other trace elements did not
      display growth-stimulating activity, when tested in short-term culture, perhaps
      with the exception of lithium at relatively very high concentrations (about 0.2
      0.6 mM).

PMID- 3391327
TI  - Clinical characteristics in diabetic stroke patients.
AB  - The impact of diabetes was prospectively studied during a 5-year period in 428
      unselected and consecutive patients with acute cerebrovascular disease of whom
      18% were diabetic. Cerebral infarction was more frequent in diabetics (81 vs 70%,
      p less than 0.02) whereas transient cerebral ischaemia was less frequent (4 vs
      14%, p less than 0.01). Case fatality rate during hospitalization was higher in
      the diabetic than in the non-diabetic patients (28 vs 15%, p less than 0.02).
      Patients who died during hospitalization, diabetic as well as non-diabetic, had
      significantly higher blood glucose concentrations on admission compared with
      patients who survived. Hematocrit values were higher in the diabetic than in the
      non-diabetic patients (p less than 0.02). Diabetics had higher systolic blood
      pressure levels than the non-diabetics in the acute phase (p less than 0.005).
      The diabetic stroke patients more often had a history of hypertension, atrial
      fibrillation, heart failure and angina pectoris than non-diabetics stroke
      patients and diabetic control patients without stroke. Stroke patients, not known
      to be diabetic, had larger mean oral glucose tolerance test curve areas when
      compared with healthy controls but not when compared with hospitalized controls.
      We propose that diabetes increases the risk for stroke through other concurrent
      risk factors, cardiac disorders in particular.

PMID- 3391330
TI  - The prevalence of glomerular hyperfiltration in type 1 (insulin-dependent)
      diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 3391328
TI  - Vasopressin secretion during hyperglycemia in insulin-dependent diabetics.
AB  - Plasma levels of vasopressin (AVP) were measured in ten insulin-dependent
      diabetic patients before and during intravenous administration of hypertonic
      glucose. Plasma glucose and plasma osmolality increased from 12.4 +/- 1.2 to 47.0
      +/- 2.3 mmol/l and from 293 +/- 2.0 to 307 +/- 2.8 mosm/kg respectively. Plasma
      vasopressin increased in parallel from 5.6 +/- 0.6 to 7.7 +/- 0.6 pg/ml. The
      present results demonstrate that hyperglycemia may be an effective stimulus for
      AVP secretion in insulin-deficient diabetics.

PMID- 3391329
TI  - A preliminary note on inhibiting effect of alpha-tocopherol (vit. E) on protein
      glycation.
AB  - Human plasma albumin was incubated in 25 mM/l glucose at 37 degrees C for up to
      sevent days. Aliquots of this mixture were also incubated with alpha-tocopherol
      (Vitamin E) at 2 mg/dl, 4 mg/dl and 8 mg/dl, respectively. Vitamin E inhibited
      protein glycation and, furthermore, shows a dose-dependent effect. This report
      suggests the possibility of using Vitamin E, at therapeutic doses, to obtain the
      inhibition of non-enzymatic glycation.

PMID- 3391331
TI  - Differences between serum and urinary LH in hypergonadotropic states.
AB  - In an attempt to investigate the relationship between molecular configuration,
      immunoreactivity, radioligand binding, and biological activity, we compared the
      elution profiles of immunoreactive and radioligand receptor-active LH following
      gel filtration over Sephadex G-100 (1.6 X 100 cm column). Samples of sera and
      urinary acetone-insoluble material from normal cycling women during the LH surge
      (n = 4) and postmenopausal (n = 2) and castrate women (n = 2) were examined. One
      major peak of LH immunoreactivity was present in the sera and the urinary samples
      from all subjects. However, this peak of immunoreactive LH in the urinary
      precipitate consistently occurred 8-10 fractions later than the peak activity
      observed in the sera. Despite the differences in the profiles of immunoreactivity
      between sera and urinary precipitates, the major peak of radioligand receptor
      activity for LH was observed in the same fractions in all samples and
      corresponded to the major peak of immunoreactivity observed in the sera. Thus,
      binding activity was sometimes observed in urinary fractions containing little
      immunoreactivity for LH. Bioassay of selected fractions using the rat
      interstitial cell-testosterone assay revealed good agreement between receptor
      activity and bioactivity but not between immunoreactivity and bioactivity. The
      ratios of total radioreceptor-active to total immunoreactive LH were consistently
      higher in the sera than in the urinary precipitates. These data suggest
      alterations in molecular form during metabolism and/or excretion of LH. Whether
      these alterations represent differences in peptide structure or merely
      carbohydrate moieties remains to be determined.

PMID- 3391332
TI  - Fetal heart rhythms during behavioural state 1F.
AB  - Behavioural state 1F (quiet sleep) of the term fetus is defined on the basis of
      absence of eye and body movements, and the presence of a specific heart rate
      pattern (FHRP A), characterized by a stable heart rate with a small oscillation
      bandwidth. In the present paper the fetal heart rate pattern was studied in 39
      enclosed periods with absence of fetal eye and body movements. In 37 periods the
      heart rate pattern met the criteria of FHRP A. Within FHRP A various distinct
      types of heart rhythm could be distinguished related to presence of breathing or
      regular mouthing and complete absence of movements. The bandwidth in the various
      heart rhythms differed significantly and was largest during breathing movements.
      During regular mouthing an oscillatory pattern was present with a frequency
      similar to the frequency of the clusters of mouthing movements. In 2 periods the
      heart rate deviated from the definition for FHRP A, i.e. a sinusoidal-like rhythm
      associated with sucking movements. These observations demonstrate the strong
      association between the fetal heart rate pattern and fetal movements during
      behavioural state 1F.

PMID- 3391333
TI  - Eisenmenger's syndrome and pregnancy.
AB  - Two cases of successfully managed Eisenmenger's syndrome during pregnancy are
      reported. A women suffering from Eisenmenger's syndrome who becomes pregnant
      should be advised to have her pregnancy terminated. On the basis of the available
      literature and our own experiences we suggest the following plan, if a woman,
      despite medical advice, chooses to continue her pregnancy: admission to hospital
      at approximately 25 weeks of gestation; bed rest during the remaining period of
      pregnancy; oxygen face-mask during episodes of dyspnoea; determination of serial
      blood gases to detect changes in the shunt flow. At the onset of labour, arterial
      and epidural catheters should be inserted, a fall in blood pressure should
      immediately be counteracted by the administration of norepinephrine and loss of
      blood by transfusion. The patient should remain in hospital for 7-14 days after
      delivery.

PMID- 3391336
TI  - Abnormal platelet response to PAF and ADP in beta-thalassaemia.
AB  - 1. AGEPC (2 microM) caused a noticeable increment in platelet aggregation, in
      increasing order, in 9 heterozygous beta-thalassaemic subjects, 18 homozygous
      beta-thalassaemics and 12 splenectomized homozygous beta-thalassaemics. 2.
      Recombination experiments with "patient" platelets and "normal" plasma or the
      reverse, as well as hydrolysis of labelled AGEPC from "normal" and "patient"
      serum, suggested that the observed abnormalities were due to platelets rather
      than to the plasma PAF hydrolase. 3. A normal splenectomized subject showed also
      hyperaggregability and PAF serum levels in a splenectomized patient were found
      twice as high in a non-splenectomized patient. 4. ADP (5 microM) caused decreased
      or normal platelet aggregation in the homozygous patients, approximately normal
      in the heterozygous subjects and increased in the splenectomized patients.

PMID- 3391335
TI  - Inhibition of benzoyl peroxide/Cu2+-dependent lipid peroxidation by manganese.
AB  - 1. Formation of peroxides by benxoyl peroxide (BPO) and CuCl2 was examined in the
      human red blood cell ghost. 2. Amounts of peroxides formed increased with the
      amount of the ghost solution added. 3. Of all the cations tested only manganese
      ion inhibited the formation of peroxides in BPO-CuCl2 reaction system. 4. The
      formation of peroxides was inhibited approx. 50% with 0.4 microM manganese. 5.
      The inhibitory manner of manganese was non-competitive against copper.

PMID- 3391334
TI  - Morphology of the fallopian tube 6 weeks after salpingotomy: a case report.
AB  - A case is described in which a fallopian tube, 6 weeks after salpingotomy, had to
      be removed. The morphology of the tube was thoroughly investigated by
      hysterosalpingogram of the specimen and microscopic examination.

PMID- 3391337
TI  - Studies on regenerating liver and hepatoma plasma membranes--I. Lipid and protein
      composition.
AB  - 1. Plasma membranes were isolated from normal liver, Morris hepatoma 7288C and
      regenerating liver, 6, 15, 24, and 48 hr after partial hepatectomy. 2. The
      cholesterol/phospholipid ratio was lower in regenerating liver 6 hr after partial
      hepatectomy (0.51) compared to the sham control (0.68), returning to normal after
      15 hr. This was accompanied by a small increase in palmitic acid (16:0). There
      were no other changes in the lipid composition in regenerating hepatocytes in the
      first 48 hr after partial hepatectomy. 3. Analysis of lipid composition showed a
      higher cholesterol/phospholipid ratio in the hepatoma plasma membrane compared to
      normal liver accompanied by an increase in saturation of the fatty acyl groups of
      the phospholipids. There were also significant changes in the phospholipid
      classes. 4. There was no change in the two-dimensional electrophoretic profile of
      membrane proteins in the early stages of liver regeneration, however hepatoma
      membranes showed significant differences in protein profile. 5. These changes in
      the lipid composition of the hepatoma plasma membrane would have the effect of
      decreasing the average fluidity of the membrane and together with the changes in
      protein composition may be significant in the altered growth of the hepatoma.
      Changes in the lipid composition of the hepatocyte plasma membrane early in liver
      regeneration may reflect the onset of renewed cell division.

PMID- 3391339
TI  - Intact adipocyte insulin-receptor phosphorylation and in vitro tyrosine kinase
      activity in animal models of insulin resistance.
AB  - We evaluated the possibility that impaired insulin-receptor kinase activity
      contributes to insulin resistance by examining in vitro receptor tyrosine kinase
      activity and in situ receptor phosphorylation in four models of insulin
      resistance. Adipocytes from streptozocin-induced nonketotic diabetic (STZ-D),
      glucocorticoid-treated, fasted, and chronically uremic rats showed reduced basal
      and maximally insulin-stimulated 2-deoxy-D-glucose transport compared with
      matched controls. Adipocytes from these models were also resistant to stimulation
      of hexose transport by hydrogen peroxide, a postbinding insulin mimicker. Changes
      in the number of insulin receptors per cell could not account for these
      alterations in transport. Cell surface 125I-labeled insulin binding was 142% of
      control in STZ-D and 129% with fasting and unchanged in glucocorticoid excess and
      chronic uremia. Insulin-stimulated tyrosine kinase was measured by means of a
      synthetic substrate, Glu80Tyr20. Partially purified receptors from these
      resistant models had unaltered kinase activity when normalized to soluble 125I
      insulin binding. In situ stimulation of receptor phosphorylation by 7 and 100 nM
      insulin was determined after equilibration of adipocytes with 32PO4. Compared
      with matched controls, these intact cells, from all four resistant models, had
      insulin-stimulated receptor phosphorylation that was unchanged per unit of cell
      surface binding. Similar to results with insulin, hydrogen peroxide stimulation
      of in situ receptor phosphorylation was unchanged in each model. Thus, both in
      vitro and in situ measures of receptor phosphorylation suggest that the cellular
      alterations leading to insulin resistance in these adipocytes resides beyond
      phosphorylation of the insulin receptor.

PMID- 3391338
TI  - Kinetic properties of toxic protease inhibitors isolated from tick eggs.
AB  - 1. Egg-toxins from Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi, Boophilus microplus, Boophilus
      decoloratus and Hyalomma truncatum were found to be inhibitors of trypsin and in
      two cases also of chymotrypsin. 2. Fast tight-binding and slow-binding inhibition
      were observed. 3. Immunological identity of the toxins were assessed with
      Ouchterlony immunodiffusion and ELISA. 4. The protease content of B. decoloratus
      and Amblyomma hebraeum tick eggs were determined by a linked enzyme assay. 5. The
      predictive value of the kinetic constants in inferring a possible physiological
      role was discussed.

PMID- 3391340
TI  - Increased rate of Cori cycle in obese subjects with NIDDM and effect of weight
      reduction.
AB  - To determine the contribution of the rate of glucose recycling via the Cori cycle
      (glucose----3-carbon compounds----glucose) to the higher rate of endogenous
      glucose production (EGPR) in subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes
      mellitus (NIDDM), we studied eight obese, weight-stabilized diabetic Pima Indians
      before [93.1 +/- 5.4 kg, 38 +/- 2% body fat, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) 254 +/-
      11 mg/dl] and after (87.7 +/- 4.7 kg, 36 +/- 2% body fat, FPG 153 +/- 17 mg/dl) a
      5-wk weight-loss diet and eight obese Indians (95.0 +/- 4.2 kg, 36 +/- 2% body
      fat, FPG 97 +/- 1 mg/dl) with normal glucose tolerance. EGPR and glucose
      recycling rate were measured during a 4-h primed continuous tracer infusion of [1
      13C]glucose, and the rate of reincorporation of 1-13C of glucose into C2-6
      positions in glucose was quantified by gas chromatography mass spectrometry.
      Substrate utilization rates were measured by simultaneous indirect calorimetry.
      EGPR (corrected for measured rate of recycling) decreased in the diabetic
      subjects from 3.80 to 2.74 mg.min-1.kg-1 fat-free mass (FFM) (P less than .01)
      after weight loss, approaching the rate observed in nondiabetic subjects (2.09
      mg.min-1.kg-1 FFM).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3391341
TI  - Suppression of sleep-induced growth hormone secretion by anticholinergic agent
      abolishes dawn phenomenon.
AB  - The dawn phenomenon was evaluated in eight C-peptide-negative type I (insulin
      dependent) diabetic patients on two occasions by measuring glucose concentrations
      every 30 min from 2400 to 0800 h while the subjects were receiving an insulin
      infusion (0.12 mU.kg-1.min-1). In random order at 2230 h, they orally received
      either a sleeping medication alone or with 5.0 mg methscopolamine bromide, an
      anticholinergic agent. The peak growth hormone (GH) concentrations (ng/ml +/- SE)
      after sleep were markedly inhibited by methscopolamine (4.7 +/- 2.6 vs. 23.0 +/-
      9.2). During the control night, the late (0400-0800 h) glucose response (area
      under curve but above 0400 h value) was significantly higher (P less than .02)
      than the early (2400-0400 h) glucose response (area under curve but above 2400 h
      value). After methscopolamine, the early and late glucose responses were
      virtually identical. The anticholinergic agent did not affect glucagon levels,
      overnight urinary catecholamine excretion, or the diurnal cortisol
      concentrations. The total area under the free fatty acid (FFA) curves was
      significantly (P less than .05) reduced by methscopolamine. We conclude that
      sleep-induced GH secretion may cause the dawn phenomenon by increasing FFA
      levels. Oral administration of methscopolamine at bedtime is a simple
      pharmacological approach that could test the clinical importance of the dawn
      phenomenon.

PMID- 3391342
TI  - Prevention of spontaneous but not of adoptively transferred diabetes by injection
      of neonatal BB/hooded hybrid rats with splenocytes or concanavalin A blasts from
      diabetes-free strains.
AB  - Spontaneous diabetes was fully prevented in 65 BB/hooded (BB/h) highly diabetes
      prone hybrid rats that were given five intraperitoneal injections (25 to 30 x
      10(6) cells/injection) of fresh splenocytes or concanavalin A (ConA)-activated
      cultured splenocytes (blasts) from the diabetes-free Wistar-Furth or Long-Evans
      strains during the first 2 postnatal wk. Rats remained under observation for up
      to the age of 180-200 days. Of 70 littermate controls that received no cell
      injections, 63 developed overt diabetes before the age of 180 days. One
      intraperitoneal injection (25 x 10(6) cells) of splenocytes or blasts given
      during the first 36 h after birth was not as effective as multiple injections in
      preventing overt diabetes. Mild insulitis was present in 4 of 59 "protected"
      rats; small, discrete mononuclear infiltrates in periductular connective tissue
      and/or between pancreatic acini were observed in 27. Nondiabetic BB/h rats that
      were protected with splenocytes or blasts from diabetes-free strains had the same
      degree of lymphopenia in peripheral blood and spleen as age-matched, insulin
      treated diabetic BB/h rats, but the level of islet cell surface antibodies in
      their serum was significantly lower. The same neonatal injections that protected
      rats from the development of spontaneous diabetes were completely ineffective in
      preventing the adoptive transfer of diabetes later in life by the injection of
      blasts from acutely diabetic BB/h rats.

PMID- 3391343
TI  - Renal hemodynamics and urinary excretion of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha and
      thromboxane B2 in newly diagnosed type I diabetic patients.
AB  - We have studied the functional importance of renal eicosanoids in renal
      hemodynamics of seven newly diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM)
      patients by treatment with two structurally unrelated inhibitors of
      cyclooxygenase (i.e., piroxicam and sulindac). Glomerular filtration rate (GFR),
      renal plasma flow (RPF), daily urinary excretion of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha
      (6-keto-PGF1 alpha, the stable hydrolysis product of prostacyclin), and
      thromboxane B2 (TXB2, the stable hydrolysis product of thromboxane A2) were
      measured before, during, and after piroxicam (all patients) or sulindac (3
      patients) treatment. Urinary excretion of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha was significantly
      increased (P less than .01) in diabetic patients compared with seven healthy
      subjects, whereas urinary excretion of TXB2 was unchanged. The baseline value of
      GFR was significantly (P less than .01) higher in diabetic compared with normal
      volunteers, whereas baseline RPF was comparable in both groups. Piroxicam (20
      mg/day) reduced urinary excretion of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and TXB2 by 65.7 +/- 26
      and 64.6 +/- 33%, respectively. These biochemical changes were temporally
      associated with the approximately 19% decrease in GFR (P less than .01). A week
      after discontinuation of the drug, GFR and urinary excretion of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha
      were still significantly (P less than .05) reduced, whereas urinary excretion of
      TXB2 returned to control values. In contrast, urinary excretion of eicosanoids
      and renal function were not affected by sulindac (0.4 g/day) treatment. No
      functional changes were detected in healthy subjects despite a similar
      suppression of renal cyclooxygenase activity when they were treated with
      piroxicam.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3391344
TI  - Incidence of IDDM in Montreal by ethnic group and by social class and comparisons
      with ethnic groups living elsewhere.
AB  - We examined the incidence of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) among
      children aged 0-14 yr in Montreal by social class and by ethnic group from 1971
      to 1985. There was a slightly higher risk in wealthier as opposed to poorer
      classes. This income gradient was more marked in younger than in older children.
      Children of French extraction had about two-thirds the risk of IDDM of children
      of other origins, mainly British and other European. This mimics the patterns of
      risk in Europe, where France is reported to have lower rates than does Britain
      and Scandinavia. The absolute levels of risks among French Canadian and Jewish
      Canadian children were about double those reported from France and Israel,
      respectively. These various results are compatible with the hypothesis that both
      genetic and environmental factors influence IDDM risk.

PMID- 3391345
TI  - Demonstration of altered antithrombin III activity due to nonenzymatic
      glycosylation at glucose concentration expected to be encountered in severely
      diabetic patients.
AB  - The effect of nonenzymatic glycosylation on the kinetics and structure-function
      relationships of antithrombin III were investigated at normal physiologic
      concentrations of antithrombin III and glucose, which are 5.2 microM and 5 mM,
      respectively. The results were compared with antithrombin III incubated at the
      glucose concentration expected to be found in severely diabetic patients (15 mM).
      Antithrombin III incubated at 5 mM lost 33% of the heparin cofactor activity
      after 7 days, whereas antithrombin III incubated at 15 mM lost 50% for the same
      period. Under both conditions, half of the heparin cofactor activity was lost
      after 15 days. When D-[U-14C]glucose was used as tracer, approximately 0.6 mol
      glucose/mol protein was incorporated after 10 days at both concentrations of
      glucose. A detailed evaluation of the kinetics of inhibition of thrombin by
      glycosylated antithrombin III revealed that the second-order rate constant is
      three times smaller than that of normal antithrombin III. On the basis of these
      data, it is concluded that glycosylated antithrombin III with 50% depressed
      heparin cofactor activity is three times weaker than normal antithrombin III as
      an inhibitor of thrombin. The implications of these observations with respect to
      the possible pathogenesis of thrombosis in diabetes are discussed.

PMID- 3391346
TI  - Geographic patterns of childhood insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Diabetes
      Epidemiology Research International Group.
AB  - Population-based registries of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM)
      worldwide have reached the critical mass needed to investigate global patterns of
      the disease. International collaboration of 24 registries from 15 countries
      resulted in the first set of standardized incidence measures among divergent
      areas and ethnic groups. The average annual age-adjusted incidence under age 15
      yr ranged from 1.7/100,000 person-yr in Hokkaido, Japan, to 29.5/100,000 person
      yr in Finland during the years 1978-1980. The geographic differences in IDDM in
      childhood are rarely seen among chronic diseases. It appears that the risk for
      IDDM is determined by factor(s) correlated to the average yearly temperature of
      environment and to the ethnicity of the population at risk.

PMID- 3391348
TI  - Health care of older people in the United Kingdom.

PMID- 3391347
TI  - Contributions of absorbed dietary cholesterol and cholesterol synthesized in
      small intestine to hypercholesterolemia in diabetic rats.
AB  - To determine how insulin deficiency leads to hypercholesterolemia, we examined
      cholesterol absorption, synthesis, and utilization in streptozocin-induced
      diabetic rats fed a grain-based diet ad libitum. Absorbed dietary cholesterol was
      determined from measurement of dietary cholesterol intake and previous data for
      cholesterol fractional absorption. Daily rates of cholesterol synthesis in the
      small intestine, liver, and periphery were calculated from recovery of labeled
      sterols after injection of 3H2O at six times during 24 h. Utilization of
      cholesterol for growth, fecal excretion, and bile acid synthesis were also
      determined. Absorbed dietary cholesterol in diabetic rats was double that in
      control rats. The contribution of absorbed cholesterol to total cholesterol
      production (sum of absorbed dietary cholesterol) and endogenous cholesterol
      synthesis) in control rats was 24% compared to 48% in diabetic rats. The increase
      in diabetic rats was due to overeating and, to a lesser extent, to increased
      fractional absorption. Overeating also induced intestinal hypertrophy and a
      twofold increase in cholesterol synthesis by the small intestine to 24% of whole
      body production in diabetic rats. Consequently, the small intestine accounted for
      72% of daily cholesterol input in diabetic rats compared to 37% in control rats,
      with diet accounting for two-thirds of the cholesterol input via the small
      intestine in both groups. In response to this increased input from the intestine,
      cholesterol synthesis in the periphery was 39% of whole-body production in
      control rats compared to 22% in diabetic rats, and synthesis in the liver was 26
      and 6% of total cholesterol production in control and diabetic rats,
      respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3391349
TI  - Is the Jarman score better than social class at assessing the need for prevention
      and primary care?
AB  - This paper reports an analysis by small areas of various measures of disease and
      the use of cervical smear services in the city of Sheffield. The correlation of
      these with social class and the Jarman underprivileged area score were compared.
      Wide variations in mortality rates between electoral wards in Sheffield were
      demonstrated, particularly for deaths from diseases with a large preventable
      component. Social class correlated more strongly with all-cause mortality (r =
      0.69) and preventable mortality (r = 0.91) than did the Jarman score. There was
      no significant correlation between routine cervical smear rate and either social
      class or the Jarman score among women under the age of 35 years. Among older
      women, however, there was a high degree of correlation with fewest smears being
      taken in the most deprived wards. Social class was more strongly correlated with
      the invasive cervical cancer rate in electoral wards than was the Jarman score,
      and was thus a better indicator of the need for cervical screening. However, the
      Jarman score showed a greater degree of (negative) correlation with the uptake of
      cervical screening than did social class with disproportionately fewer smears
      being taken by general practitioners in areas of highest need. Social class may
      be better than the Jarman score as an indicator of both ill-health and the need
      for preventive health services in Sheffield. Information is routinely collected
      decenially on social class and needs little further computation, unlike the
      Jarman score. Furthermore, much is already known about the relationships between
      social class and both ill-health and the need for preventive services.

PMID- 3391350
TI  - Psychiatrists in primary care: the general practitioner viewpoint.
AB  - Within the past few decades, a growing number of psychiatrists in the UK have
      moved their outpatient clinics out of their hospital bases and have established
      liaison-attachment clinics in primary care settings within their catchment areas.
      This study reports the views of the senior general practitioners who have access
      to such clinics in their practices. The majority described a significant
      alteration in the nature of their relationships with the specialists. This,
      together with the opportunity for general practitioners to become involved in
      integrated management approaches, is believed to significantly improve continuity
      of patient care.

PMID- 3391351
TI  - Views of doctors and nurses on the development of treatment room nursing: a
      survey in a Scottish new town.
AB  - A survey of general practitioners and nurses working in the treatment room was
      carried out in a Scottish new town to determine present treatment room practices
      and how nurses and doctors saw treatment room nursing developing in the future.
      There was a general desire to extend the nurse's role in practical fields but
      disagreement between doctors and nurses over the extent to which nurses should
      take on diagnostic and therapeutic roles.

PMID- 3391352
TI  - Pharmacists and primary care: some research findings and recommendations.
AB  - To achieve effective primary care we need to take into account lay perspectives
      on services. This study investigated a sample of 54 mothers with at least one
      child under five years old to elucidate their approaches to minor illnesses in
      their children and their use of pharmacists. The use of the pharmacist and of
      proprietary medicines were found to be important elements in self-care, sometimes
      replacing general practitioner consultations. However, the mothers held differing
      opinions about how to deal with children's symptoms and who to contact for help.
      This variety needs to be taken into account when recommending changes in the
      provision of primary care for this group, especially concerning the role of the
      pharmacist.

PMID- 3391353
TI  - Practice and methods of contraception among Saudi women in Riyadh.
AB  - The use of contraceptives can have an impact on better spacing between children,
      better child care, improvement of children's health and preservation of the
      mother's health. In this study 2675 Saudi women attending a gynaecology out
      patient clinic were interviewed about their contraceptive practices. The majority
      of the women (56.0%) were using or had used some form of contraceptive. Oral
      contraceptives were the most common method; 94.8% of the 1497 women who practised
      contraception were using or had used this form of contraception. Sterilization
      accounted for 0.9% of contraceptive practices, while the intrauterine device was
      a more common form of contraceptive among the more educated women.

PMID- 3391354
TI  - Performance review using sequential sampling and a practice computer.
AB  - The use of sequential sample analysis for repeated performance review is
      described with examples from several areas of practice. The value of a practice
      computer in providing a random sample from a complete population, evaluating the
      parameters of a sequential procedure, and producing a structured worksheet is
      discussed. It is suggested that sequential analysis has advantages over
      conventional sampling in the area of performance review in general practice.

PMID- 3391355
TI  - Relationship between US medical school admission policy and graduates entering
      family practice.
AB  - Rural areas in the United States continue to lack an adequate supply of primary
      care doctors, particularly family physicians, despite the oversupply of
      physicians nationally. Previous studies have provided strong evidence that
      students from rural backgrounds, as well as those who expressed an interest at
      the time of medical school admission for a career in family medicine, are
      significantly more likely to eventually practise family medicine in rural areas
      than their peers. US medical schools were classified into three groups based on
      their written selection factors for preferentially admitting students into the
      graduating class of 1982. Of those schools with selection factors for students
      from both a rural background and an interest in a future career in family
      medicine, 23.7% of their graduates entered family medicine training programmes.
      This compares with 14.5% of graduates from schools with a preference for students
      from a rural background, and 12.4% from all other schools (P less than 0.001).
      Coupled with previous data which shows that family physicians from rural areas
      are more likely to eventually practise in rural areas than their peers,
      preferentially admitting students from rural backgrounds interested in a career
      in family medicine could help to solve the problem of the shortage of primary
      care physicians in rural areas in the US.

PMID- 3391356
TI  - Physiology for general practitioners. 2: Cardiovascular and renal systems.

PMID- 3391357
TI  - Family practitioner participation in routine antenatal care in Israel: what
      hospital gynaecologists think.
AB  - Antenatal care by family practitioners in Israel is unusual. Patient demand,
      increasing tendency to specialization, high doctor to patient ratio and
      historical reasons all partly explain the phenomenon. A postal survey of the
      heads of 34 delivery units was carried out to find out their attitude towards
      such care and to a proposed follow-up card. Twenty per cent of the gynaecologists
      surveyed were in favour of antenatal care by family practitioners, a higher
      figure than the author had anticipated. The role of the family practitioner in
      antenatal care is discussed.

PMID- 3391358
TI  - Selections from the current literature: 'two standard deviations from the mean'.

PMID- 3391359
TI  - The universities and health for all.

PMID- 3391360
TI  - Satisfaction and job stress in general practice.
AB  - This paper investigates sources of job satisfaction and dissatisfaction in
      general practice and identifies pressures and difficulties experienced by general
      practitioners in their work. The study revealed widespread job satisfaction based
      on three separate (but independent) aspects of general practice: clinical,
      psychosocial or managerial. Despite this, significant pressures were experienced
      and, in common with previous studies over the last 20 years, this research found
      continuing problems affecting young general practitioners in particular. The main
      pressures currently experienced were uncertainty and insecurity about work,
      isolation, poor relationships with other doctors, disillusion with the role of
      the general practitioner, and an awareness of changing demands. These pressures
      were related to experience in general practice, amount of study leave and
      practice organization. Like previous studies, it also appears from this research
      that continuing education could play an important role in attenuating these
      difficulties. It is argued that the emphasis should be on developing support,
      confidence and better contacts between general practitioners, as well as teaching
      knowledge and skills.

PMID- 3391361
TI  - Variations in the range of services provided by general practitioners.
AB  - The debate about the future role of the general practitioner includes discussion
      about the range of services which should be on offer in addition to general
      medical services. Drawing on evidence from a nationally representative sample of
      1419 general practitioners this paper examines the reality of what is currently
      being provided in general practice in the UK. The analyses produce figures that
      are compatible with the hypothesis that there is a form of creeping
      specialization taking place with general practitioners tending to provide one
      type of service at the exclusion of the others. Doctors appeared to cluster into
      three distinct groups--opportunistic health educators, minor surgeons and those
      who provide services for women. The implications of these and other findings are
      discussed.

PMID- 3391362
TI  - Medullary parasympathetic projections innervate specific sites in the feline
      stomach.
AB  - The purpose of our study was to determine the site of origin of vagal neurons
      that innervate specific parts of the stomach (the fundus, corpus, and
      antrum/pylorus). This was done by injecting the retrograde fluorescent tracer
      Fast Blue into these parts of the cat stomach and examining the hindbrain for
      cells labeled with retrograde tracer. We found that vagal preganglionic
      innervation to the stomach originates from two medullary nuclei, namely, the
      dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (bilateral) and the nucleus retroambiguus
      (left). All parts of the stomach receive innervation from the dorsal motor
      nucleus of the vagus (primarily from the area ranging from 0.5 to 1.8 mm rostral
      to the obex), but only the fundus and corpus receive innervation from the nucleus
      retroambiguus. Injection of tracer into the fundus labeled cells within the
      lateral half of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus and injection of tracer
      into the antrum/pylorus labeled cells within the medial portion. Finally,
      injection of tracer into the corpus labeled cells throughout the mediolateral
      axis of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus. The finding of a columnar
      organization of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus implies some type of
      functional organization of gastrointestinal control. The fact that vagal inputs
      to the stomach arise from the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus and nucleus
      retroambiguus suggests a separation of vagal pathways controlling different
      gastric functions (e.g., pacemaker activity, motility, and secretion).

PMID- 3391363
TI  - Dissociation of pepsinogen and acid secretion in the guinea pig.
AB  - In vivo observations have suggested that acid secretion may potentiate pepsinogen
      release. We measured pepsinogen and acid secretion by guinea pig fundic mucosal
      sheets stimulated by 10(-4) M histamine, 10(-8) and 10(-9) M cholecystokinin, and
      3 x 10(-7) M carbamylcholine and then investigated the effects of 10(-4) M
      omeprazole on basal, carbachol-stimulated, and cholecystokinin-stimulated
      secretion. Histamine increased basal acid secretion fivefold (p less than 0.01)
      without altering pepsinogen secretion. Cholecystokinin did not stimulate acid
      secretion but increased pepsinogen secretion by factors of 23.1 at 10(-8) M and
      9.1 at 10(-9) M (both p less than 0.01). The combination of 10(-4) M histamine
      and 10(-9) M cholecystokinin increased acid secretion 3.5-fold and pepsinogen
      secretion 6.4-fold, statistically equivalent to the sum of the effects of
      histamine and cholecystokinin alone. Carbachol increased acid secretion and
      pepsinogen secretion by factors of 4.0 and 10.9, respectively (both p less than
      0.01). Pretreatment with 10(-4) M omeprazole abolished basal and carbachol
      stimulated acid secretion. However, pepsinogen secretion was unaffected (p
      greater than 0.05). Furthermore, omeprazole-treated tissues increased pepsinogen
      secretion by factors of 10.0 with 3 x 10(-7) M carbachol and 9.1 with 10(-9) M
      cholecystokinin (both p less than 0.01). Thus, basal and secretagogue-stimulated
      pepsinogen secretion appear independent of acid secretion in intact guinea pig
      mucosa.

PMID- 3391365
TI  - Impaired chloride secretion, as well as bicarbonate secretion, underlies the
      fluid secretory defect in the cystic fibrosis pancreas.
AB  - Pancreatic fluid and electrolyte secretion was assessed in 56 patients with
      cystic fibrosis (CF) and 56 non-CF control subjects undergoing pancreatic
      function testing while stimulated with cholecystokinin and secretin. Both CF
      patients and control subjects exhibited a wide range of pancreatic function.
      Fluid and trypsin outputs were positively correlated in both groups. Fluid output
      in CF subjects was significantly lower, however, than that of control subjects at
      any given level of trypsin output. Sodium, bicarbonate, and chloride secretions
      were all significantly decreased in CF subjects. Bicarbonate and chloride were
      important determinants of fluid secretion, but at any given bicarbonate or
      chloride output CF subjects secreted significantly less fluid than control
      subjects. When bicarbonate and chloride were analyzed as simultaneous predictor
      variables, adjusted fluid secretion was not significantly different in CF and
      control subjects. Diminished fluid secretion in CF subjects is therefore caused
      by impaired chloride, as well as bicarbonate, secretion.

PMID- 3391364
TI  - Cellular proliferation in proximal and distal rat colon during 1,2
      dimethylhydrazine-induced carcinogenesis.
AB  - Sequential changes in proliferative parameters in proximal and distal colonic
      crypts were studied during 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced carcinogenesis using
      [3H]thymidine autoradiography as a probe. 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (20 mg/kg) and
      vehicle (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) control rats received weekly s.c.
      injections for 20 wk. All animals received a pulse of [3H]thymidine before death
      at weeks 2, 6, 10, 16, 22, 26, or 30. In addition, 8 animals unexposed to 1,2
      dimethylhydrazine or vehicle served as baseline controls. Dramatic regional
      differences were noted in the baseline controls. Crypt length, labeling index,
      and proliferative zone size were all significantly greater distally than
      proximally (p less than 0.05), whereas the labeling index of the proliferative
      zone tended to be enhanced proximally. During 1,2-dimethylhydrazine treatment the
      crypt length, labeling index, and proliferative zone size increased in both
      regions. As these parameters changed in parallel, the differences between
      proximal and distal colon did not change significantly during carcinogenesis.
      Actual tumor formation did differ, however, with tumors appearing earlier and in
      greater abundance in the distal colon. These findings show similar proliferative
      changes in both the proximal and distal colon during 1,2-dimethylhydrazine
      treatment and indicate that the enhanced baseline proliferative state of the
      distal colon compared with the proximal colon must be considered in the process
      of tumor formation.

PMID- 3391366
TI  - Starch malabsorption and breath gas excretion in healthy humans consuming low-
      and high-starch diets.
AB  - Dietary starch delivery to the colon and excretion in stools and the ability of
      unabsorbed carbohydrates to promote hydrogen and methane release in breath were
      evaluated in 6 volunteers during two 8-day periods on starch diets of 100 and 300
      g, respectively. Significantly less starch was recovered from the terminal ileum
      by aspiration per 24 h during the low-starch period (4.1 +/- 0.3 vs. 9.5 +/- 1.1
      g, mean +/- SEM, p less than 0.01). Unabsorbed glucose tended to rise during the
      high-starch period (2.7 +/- 0.8 vs. 1.1 +/- 0.3 g). Fecal outputs of starch,
      glucose, volatile fatty acids, and lactic acid were not significantly different
      during the two periods. Daily breath hydrogen excretion was unchanged (181.2 +/-
      22.7 vs. 193.7 +/- 19.8 ml for the low- and high-starch periods, respectively),
      whereas breath methane excretion increased markedly in the three methane
      producers during the high-starch period (217.2 +/- 80.9 vs. 32.4 +/- 7.3 ml).
      Starch malabsorption in the healthy small intestine was moderate even with a high
      starch diet and less than that previously estimated by indirect methods.
      Unabsorbed starch catabolism by the colonic flora does not seem to explain most
      of the breath hydrogen excretion.

PMID- 3391367
TI  - Uptake and catabolism of gamma-aminobutyric acid by the isolated perfused rat
      liver.
AB  - Serum concentrations of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) are increased in liver
      failure, possibly because of decreased hepatic GABA catabolism. To study in
      detail the role of the liver in GABA metabolism, uptake and catabolism of GABA by
      isolated perfused liver from normal rats and rats with galactosamine- or carbon
      tetrachloride-induced liver failure were measured. Hepatic GABA uptake was almost
      complete at GABA concentrations of up to 10 microM and approached saturation at a
      concentration of 50 microM. The apparent affinity of hepatic GABA uptake was 38
      microM and the apparent maximal velocity was 158 nmol/g.min. Hepatic GABA uptake
      was sodium-dependent. gamma-Aminobutyric acid taken up by the liver was rapidly
      catabolized as measured by 14CO2 formation from [U-14C]GABA. Aminooxyacetic acid,
      a GABA transaminase inhibitor, completely and irreversibly inhibited hepatic GABA
      catabolism and thereby also inhibited hepatic GABA uptake. Although uptake of
      GABA by livers of carbon tetrachloride- or galactosamine-treated rats was
      decreased (apparent maximal velocity, 103 and 98 nmol/g.min, respectively), at
      physiologic GABA concentrations in the perfusate GABA uptake and catabolism was
      not different from that of untreated controls. The observed impairment of hepatic
      GABA uptake or catabolism by the diseased liver would be expected to contribute
      to increased GABA levels in peripheral blood plasma in liver failure. However,
      the magnitude of the observed impairment would be insufficient to account for a
      10-fold increase in such levels.

PMID- 3391368
TI  - Effect of ursodeoxycholic acid on biliary lipid coupling and on cholesterol
      absorption during fasting and eating in subjects with cholesterol gallstones.
AB  - The aim of this study was to determine the effect of chronic ursodeoxycholic acid
      administration on coupling of bile acids with cholesterol and phospholipid in
      hepatic bile, and on cholesterol absorption in the duodenum. A range of bile acid
      secretion rates was obtained during an evening meal and an overnight fast.
      Duodenal perfusion of polyethylene glycol as a nonabsorbable recovery marker and
      of [3H]cholesterol and [14C]lecithin as absorbable recovery markers was combined
      with continuous intravenous infusion of indocyanine green as a hepatic bile
      marker. Six subjects with gallstones were studied before and during chronic
      administration of ursodeoxycholic acid (675 mg/day). Duplicate pretreatment
      studies revealed good reproducibility for biliary lipid coupling and cholesterol
      absorption. During ursodeoxycholic acid administration there was a significant
      alteration not only in bile acid/cholesterol coupling (p less than 0.001), but
      also in bile acid/phospholipid coupling (p less than 0.001). Mean cholesterol
      absorption decreased from 25% to 15% (p less than 0.001) during ursodeoxycholic
      acid administration. These effects of chronic ursodeoxycholic acid administration
      on biliary lipid coupling are similar to those reported for acute administration,
      and are thus consistent with an effect caused by bile acid lipid-solubilizing
      capacity.

PMID- 3391369
TI  - Secretin empties bile duct cell cytoplasm of vesicles when it initiates ductular
      HCO3- secretion in the pig.
AB  - To determine whether secretin has any effect on bile duct cell ultrastructure,
      bile duct cells from liver biopsy specimens of pigs were analyzed
      morphometrically. During secretory rest, bile duct cell cytoplasmic vesicles
      totaled 96 (84-103) arbitrary units per cell volume (U). Secretin increased bile
      HCO3- secretion from 9 mumol/min (range 6-15) to 131 mumol/min (range 118-200)
      and lowered the bile duct cell vesicles to 5 U (range 3-9). Acute elevation of
      arterial PCO2 to 10.9 kPa (range 10.2-11.1) doubled vesicle number in resting
      duct cells and augmented the secretory response to secretin. At high arterial
      PCO2, secretin cleared the duct cell cytoplasm of vesicles and more than doubled
      the basolateral plasma membrane surface area. Taurocholate-induced canalicular
      choleresis, in contrast, did not alter duct cell morphology. It is concluded that
      secretin clears the bile duct cell cytoplasm of vesicles as it initiates ductular
      HCO3- secretion, possibly through causing exocytotic insertion of vesicle
      material into the basolateral plasma membrane.

PMID- 3391371
TI  - Portal hemodynamics in patients with gastric varices. A study in 230 patients
      with esophageal and/or gastric varices using portal vein catheterization.
AB  - The hemodynamic features of gastric varices are not well documented. The purpose
      of this study was to investigate the nature of hepatofugal collateral veins,
      their origins, the direction of blood flow in the major veins and collateral
      veins, and portal venous pressure. To this end, 230 patients, mostly cirrhotic,
      who had esophageal or gastric varices, or both, demonstrated by endoscopy were
      investigated by portal vein catheterization. The findings were correlated with
      endoscopically assessed degrees of varices. Gastric varices were seen in 57% of
      the patients with varices due to portal hypertension. In most of the patients
      with advanced gastric varices, esophageal varices were minimal or absent. When
      patients with gastric varices were compared with those having predominantly
      esophageal varices, it was found that advanced gastric varices were more
      frequently supplied by the short and posterior gastric veins, they were almost
      always associated with large gastrorenal shunts, and portal venous pressure in
      patients with large gastric varices was lower. Chronic portal systemic
      encephalopathy was more common in patients with large gastric varices due to
      hepatofugal flow of superior mesenteric venous blood in the splenic vein than in
      patients with predominantly esophageal varices. Thus, the hemodynamics in
      patients with large gastric varices are distinctly different from those in
      patients with mainly esophageal varices, and such differences seem to account for
      the differing incidence of chronic encephalopathy and variceal bleeding.

PMID- 3391370
TI  - Hepatic testosterone metabolism in male rats with portal bypass.
AB  - This study was performed to ascertain whether testosterone metabolism is altered
      in male rats with portal bypass, and whether such changes could contribute to the
      reduction in serum testosterone concentration and raised serum estrogen levels
      that are observed in this situation. The metabolic clearance rate of testosterone
      was determined by a prime-dose constant-infusion technique in male rats subjected
      to complete portal vein ligation and in sham-operated controls. Testosterone
      clearance was similar in rats with portal vein ligation and control rats (9.01 +/
      2.29 and 8.26 +/- 2.83 ml/min, respectively) but the clearance per gram of liver
      was greater in rats with portal vein ligation than in controls (1.18 +/- 0.18
      versus 0.68 +/- 0.24 ml/min.g liver, p less than 0.0001). After 180 min of
      [3H]testosterone infusion, [3H]estradiol comprised 1.2% of plasma total
      radioactivity in male controls but was increased to 11% in rats with portal vein
      ligation (p less than 0.005). Similarly, biliary excretion of [3H]estradiol was
      eightfold greater in male rats with portal vein ligation compared with controls
      (p less than 0.001). In control male rats, the major metabolites of testosterone
      present in bile were 2 alpha-hydroxytestosterone, 16 alpha-hydroxytestosterone,
      and 7 alpha-hydroxytestosterone. Portal bypass was associated with reduced
      biliary excretion of 2 alpha-hydroxytestosterone and 16 alpha-hydroxytestosterone
      to approximately 50% of control, but there was no change in the excretion of 7
      alpha-hydroxytestosterone. Conversely, portal bypass was associated with
      increased formation of dihydrotestosterone, indicating stimulated activity of
      testosterone 5 alpha-reductase. It is concluded that portal bypass in male rats
      is associated with altered pathways of testosterone metabolism and, in
      particular, with increased aromatization of testosterone to estradiol. The site
      of such estradiol formation has not been determined by this in vivo study.
      However, selective changes occurred in the regiospecific and stereospecific
      hydroxylation pathways of testosterone and in 5 alpha-reductase activity after
      portal bypass in male rats. It is concluded that portal bypass, in the absence of
      parenchymal liver damage, results in demasculinization and feminization of C19
      steroid metabolism in the male rat liver. These metabolic changes could be
      revelant to the pathogenesis of changes in sexual characteristics in cirrhosis.

PMID- 3391372
TI  - Features reflective of early prognosis in corticosteroid-treated severe
      autoimmune chronic active hepatitis.
AB  - To identify features reflective of early prognosis in corticosteroid-treated
      severe autoimmune chronic active hepatitis, we compared the initial findings and
      immediate biochemical response of 5 patients who died soon after institution of
      corticosteroid therapy (mean survival, 2.5 +/- 0.7 mo) with those of 108 patients
      who survived for at least 6 mo after comparable therapy (mean survival, 94 +/- 6
      mo). Early mortality could not be predicted before therapy by individual
      clinical, laboratory, or histologic findings. Patients who resolved at least one
      pretreatment laboratory abnormality, improved a pretreatment hyperbilirubinemia,
      or did not experience biochemical deterioration after 2 wk of corticosteroid
      treatment survived for at least 6 mo in 98% of instances. Patients who died early
      had multilobular necrosis at presentation and manifested at least one deficiency
      in their immediate biochemical response. Death invariably occurred in patients
      with multilobular necrosis and an unimproved hyperbilirubinemia after 2 wk of
      therapy. Only 3 of the 5 patients who died, however, could be identified in this
      fashion. We conclude that no individual abnormality at presentation predicts
      early mortality. Only patients with multilobular necrosis are at risk for an
      early demise and death can be predicted in those with an unimproving
      hyperbilirubinemia. Laboratory improvement after 2 wk of corticosteroid therapy
      virtually assures immediate survival.

PMID- 3391373
TI  - Chronic Q fever hepatitis complicated by extensive fibrosis.
AB  - Liver involvement is common in acute and chronic Q fever and consists of
      nonspecific hepatitis and granulomas without fibrosis. We report the case of a
      patient suffering from chronic Q fever with nonspecific hepatitis and granulomas,
      in whom progressive development of extensive liver fibrosis was documented by
      repeated biopsies.

PMID- 3391374
TI  - List of available training programs. Committee on Training and Education of the
      American Gastroenterological Association.

PMID- 3391376
TI  - An association of fecal bile acids and colon cancer in ulcerative colitis?

PMID- 3391375
TI  - Hematomas after liver biopsy.

PMID- 3391377
TI  - Colonoscopic screening for colon cancer.

PMID- 3391378
TI  - Esophageal cancer in Canada.

PMID- 3391379
TI  - Cancer of the gastric stump in Italy, 1979-1986.
AB  - Sixteen thousand fiberoptic endoscopies were reviewed. Gastric stump cancer was
      found in 24 patients of 368 who had had gastric resection for benign peptic
      disease. A direct relation between the percentage of patients with cancer of the
      gastric stump and the postsurgical interval was observed. Patients with partial
      gastrectomy who are 15 to 20 years postoperative should have an endoscopy
      irrespective of presence or lack of symptoms. Multiple biopsies should be taken
      in view of the multicentric growth pattern of early carcinoma.

PMID- 3391380
TI  - Lack of correlation between fecal blood loss and drug-induced gastric mucosal
      lesions.
AB  - Increased fecal blood loss was produced in healthy volunteers by the
      administration of two nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), naproxen or
      fenflumizole. Basal as well as drug-induced gastrointestinal blood loss was
      measured using 51Cr erythrocyte labeling. Median rise in daily fecal blood loss
      was 432%. All subjects were endoscoped at the initiation and at the completion of
      the study. Endoscopic findings were assessed quantitatively by two observers in
      two different ways. All subjects but three had gastric mucosal lesions at follow
      up endoscopy. There was a good correlation between the endoscopic assessments but
      no statistical correlation between the endoscopic assessment and the increase in
      fecal blood loss. The data suggest that factors other than gastric mucosal
      lesions have to be taken into account when investigating NSAID-induced
      gastrointestinal bleeding.

PMID- 3391381
TI  - Use of an endoscopically placed clip can avoid diagnostic errors in colonoscopy.

PMID- 3391382
TI  - Endoscopic resection of early gastric cancer and other tumors with local
      injection of hypertonic saline-epinephrine.

PMID- 3391383
TI  - Proctitis following colonoscopy.

PMID- 3391384
TI  - Endoscopic balloon catheter extraction of Ascaris lumbricoides from the biliary
      tree.

PMID- 3391385
TI  - Paraesophageal hernia: use of a colonoscope for duodenoscopy.

PMID- 3391386
TI  - A panendoscopic approach with vital staining for tumors of the upper
      aerodigestive tract.

PMID- 3391388
TI  - Accuracy of estimation of colon polyp size.

PMID- 3391387
TI  - Candidiasis after cimetidine therapy.

PMID- 3391389
TI  - Safe coagulation of diminutive polyps.

PMID- 3391390
TI  - Transanal excision of rectal villous adenomas.

PMID- 3391391
TI  - Stents for common bile duct stones in the elderly.

PMID- 3391392
TI  - The gastric balloon and exogenous obesity.

PMID- 3391393
TI  - Colonoscopic removal of a long piece of lawn hose.

PMID- 3391395
TI  - The Mirizzi syndrome: preoperative diagnosis by endoscopic retrograde
      cholangiography.

PMID- 3391394
TI  - Seasonal periodicity in gastroduodenal ulcers.

PMID- 3391396
TI  - The clinical significance of a prominent falciform ligament in the setting of a
      pneumoperitoneum (the air-line sign)

PMID- 3391397
TI  - Minimizing the influence of the series resistance in potential clamped Ranvier
      nodes.
AB  - Series resistance artifacts in ionic current measurements on single myelinated
      nerve fibres are commonly minimized by reducing sodium currents. Doing this some
      deviations from the predictions of the Hodgkin-Huxley-Frankenhaeuser formalism
      become evident. In the present investigation two methods to reduce sodium
      currents were used with and without compensated feedback to examine the influence
      of the nodal series resistance. Changing the availability of sodium permeability
      by appropriate prepulses peak sodium current-voltage relations obeyed the Hodgkin
      Huxley-Frankenhaeuser formalism only provided the amount of compensated feedback
      was set to give minimum of the current-voltage relation near E = 0. For reduced
      sodium concentration in the bathing fluid the so-called independence principle
      predicts a shift of the minimum of the current-voltage relation on the potential
      axis in negative direction as compared to ordinary Ringer solution, if the
      effective series resistance is sufficiently small. This was confirmed by
      experiments only if the above mentioned amount of compensated feedback was used.
      The results suggest that the "E = 0"-criterion indicates optimum compensation of
      the influence of the series resistance.

PMID- 3391398
TI  - Intrathecal immune activation in a case of progressive action myoclonus.
AB  - The case of a patient affected by progressive multifocal myoclonus associated
      with inflammatory reaction in the cerebrospinal fluid is reported. A multiple
      sclerosis diagnosis is suggested, even if typical disease course and features are
      lacking.

PMID- 3391399
TI  - Relationship between diencephalic damages and schizophrenia?

PMID- 3391400
TI  - The evaluation of blood flow Xe133 in different degrees experimentally induced
      carotid stenosis.
AB  - The present study was conducted in order to detect the possible relationship
      between the degree of carotid artery stenosis and the morphology, width of Xe133
      curves and the absolute value of blood flow volume, obtained by the intra-carotid
      injection of Xe133 in 21 dogs (Groups A,B,C, n = 7 in each). In Group B the
      morphology of Xe133 curves revealed a double peak on the vertical part and the
      width a 57% decrease on the same part as compared to the control (Group A), while
      the per min blood flow value decreased by 47%. In Group C an elevation of the
      horizontal part was observed in all animals, the width of the vertical part could
      not be measured and the horizontal part showed a 10% increase as compared to the
      control Group A. Finally, the per minute blood flow value decreased by 75%
      compared to the controls.

PMID- 3391402
TI  - Rigidity in parkinsonism: characteristics and influences of passive exercise and
      electrical nerve stimulation.
AB  - Rigidity was measured during sinusoidal passive movements of the ankle joint in 7
      patients with parkinsonism. Velocity-dependent changes were observed, less marked
      than in spasticity and expressed in a different way in flexor and extensor
      muscles: a mild decrease in resistive torques at faster stretching of dorsal
      flexors and an increase in resistance on stretching of plantar flexors. Dorsal
      flexors also frequently showed shortening reactions. Passive exercises and
      electrical stimulation of the peroneal nerve resulted in decreased
      electromyographic responses to stretch, smoother passive movements and in
      improved voluntary contraction.

PMID- 3391401
TI  - Assessment of autonomic functions in insulin-dependent diabetic children and
      adolescents.
AB  - Autonomic function has been studied in 30 insulin-dependent diabetic children and
      adolescents, through five cardiovascular tests. A significant difference between
      the diabetic and the control subjects was found in heart rate variations after
      deep breathing and after standing. Fifty percent of our patients showed an
      altered response to one or more cardiovascular tests. Although clinical
      manifestations of autonomic dysfunction are not frequent in young insulin
      dependent patients, early signs of functional alterations are detectable in a
      high percentage of them.

PMID- 3391403
TI  - Movement direction as well as laterality influence peak velocity of fast hand
      movements.
AB  - With a tv-based computer system, using reflective markers attached to 4 subjects'
      right index fingers, peak velocities were measured of fast hand movements in both
      directions between a midline target and left and right sided targets. Peak
      velocity increased with distance. Movements between the midline and the right
      sided target (ipsilateral) were faster than those between the midline and left
      sided target (contralateral). Adduction movements were faster than abduction
      movements. Retesting two subjects showed a high degree of variability in the peak
      velocities attained, but the same pattern of faster ipsilateral and adducting
      movements was found.

PMID- 3391404
TI  - Sweating patterns in humans: I. Exercise- and pilocarpine-induced forehead
      sweating in healthy individuals.
AB  - In cluster headache, forehead sweating is frequently pathological and for this
      reason it is important to know the normal pattern. In the present work, sweating
      was induced by exercise and pilocarpine in 14 healthy individuals in the age
      group 24-50 years. A comparison was also made with patterns of heat-induced
      forehead sweating. No definite left-right asymmetry or medial-lateral
      preponderance were observed. As expected, the sweat patterns following body
      heating and exercise were rather similar. However, there was a significant
      relative increase in lateral forehead sweating with heat-induction as compared to
      pilocarpine-induction. In comparative intra- or inter-individual studies of
      forehead sweating, the method of sweat provocation may, therefore, not be
      indifferent.

PMID- 3391405
TI  - Hypnogenic paroxysmal dystonia: a new type of parasomnia?
AB  - Four cases of hypnogenic paroxysmal dystonia are described. The patients (three
      males and one female), aged between 12 and 39 were subjected to neurological,
      physical and psychological examination, and routine lab tests and brain CT scan
      were carried out within normal limits. One of the patients suffered from diurnal
      epileptic seizures. Repeated EEG recordings during wakefulness were normal.
      During polysomnographic and TV recordings the patients showed different types of
      dystonic fits occurring several times a night, always brief, and starting during
      NREM sleep. Carbamazepine therapy proved to be relatively effective in three
      subjects.

PMID- 3391407
TI  - CPR drills help.

PMID- 3391406
TI  - A path well chosen.

PMID- 3391408
TI  - Oh no, not me!

PMID- 3391409
TI  - What determines how much patients drink?

PMID- 3391410
TI  - How can you prevent dehydration?

PMID- 3391411
TI  - Surgery and the patient with Alzheimer's disease.

PMID- 3391412
TI  - Dialing for health: electrocardiogram analysis program.

PMID- 3391413
TI  - Sleep apnea.

PMID- 3391414
TI  - Adult congregate living facilities: factors influencing admission.

PMID- 3391415
TI  - What carers need to understand about the near-death experience.

PMID- 3391416
TI  - Summer beverages. Quenching and nutritious?

PMID- 3391417
TI  - Treating tuberculosis.

PMID- 3391418
TI  - Plasma level of estradiol in patients with ovarian malignant tumors.
AB  - Plasma concentration of estradiol has been investigated in women with epithelial
      ovarian carcinoma. Forty-nine postmenopausal and/or oophorectomized women with no
      other malignant or endocrine disease were included in the study. All FIGO stages
      and the histological types IC, IIC, IIIC, and V were represented. Tumor volumes
      were evaluated once a month using bimanual recto-vaginal palpation under full
      anesthesia. Blood samples were drawn for estradiol radioimmunoassay at monthly
      intervals during 3 months. Plasma levels were compared with a control group of
      postmenopausal women with no internal disease or medication. The results show a
      significantly higher concentration in patients with large tumor volume compared
      to postmenopausal controls and a positive relationship between tumor volume,
      stage, and plasma estradiol level. Histological type seems to be of less
      importance and secondary to tumor volume. During chemotherapy the plasma
      concentration of estradiol decreased rapidly with the reduction of tumor volume.

PMID- 3391419
TI  - Immature teratoma of the ovary.
AB  - Results of treatment of 9 cases of pure immature teratoma of the ovary seen at
      the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, are presented. Six patients were in Stage
      1 and three in Stage 3. A majority of them had grade 2 or 3 tumors. Four patients
      in Stage 1 had the conservative surgery of salpingo-oophorectomy performed, the
      more radical procedure of total hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy
      omentectomy, and tumor debulking where feasible being carried out in the others.
      Adjuvant chemotherapy consisted of either pulsed cyclophosphamide, VAC
      (vincristine, actinomycin D, and cyclophosphamide) or PVB (cis-platinum,
      vinblastine, bleomycin) regimes. Seven patients have survived for periods up to 9
      years with no clinical evidence of disease.

PMID- 3391420
TI  - Preservation of ovarian function and reproductive ability in patients with
      malignant ovarian tumors.
AB  - In a study designed to determine the merit of preserving ovarian function and
      childbearing capability in women with unilateral malignant ovarian tumors, the
      results of radical surgery (n = 86) and conservative surgery (n = 106) were
      compared. The mean length of survival was slightly but not significantly shorter
      following conservative surgery. There were 15 recurrences (14%) and 11 deaths
      among the conservative surgery group. The incidence of metastasis to the
      preserved ovary was high. In the most cases restoration of normal menses was
      fairly rapid after initial treatment, but this appeared to depend on whether or
      not chemotherapy was given postoperatively, the specific agents used, and the
      duration of their administration. Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism was the most
      common finding among the anovulatory patients. Sixteen women experienced a total
      of 27 pregnancies and 18 normal infants were born. Abortion was induced when
      conception occurred during a course of chemotherapy. These findings are
      encouraging in terms of the feasibility of preserving childbearing capability in
      ovarian cancer patients. However, they also underscore the necessity for close,
      long-term follow-up, which will be improved as new technologies become available.

PMID- 3391421
TI  - Recurrent cervical carcinoma after radical hysterectomy.
AB  - The characteristics of recurrent carcinoma following radical hysterectomy and
      pelvic lymphadenectomy for cervical carcinoma are not well known. Disease
      recurrence was noted in 27 of 249 patients (11%) with stage IB cervical carcinoma
      who were treated with a primary surgical approach between January 1962 and
      December 1984. Fourteen recurrences (52%) occurred within 1 year of surgery, and
      24 (89%) within 2 years. Patients with pelvic node metastases or adenocarcinoma
      had a significantly higher recurrence rate than did patients with negative nodes
      (33% vs 8%) or with squamous carcinoma (22% vs 8%). Seventeen patients (63%) had
      disease recurrence in the pelvis or vulva and 12 of these patients had
      recurrences within 1 year. Eight patients developed asymptomatic pelvic or vulvar
      recurrences, and all were diagnosed within 1 year. Ten patients (37%) developed
      recurrences outside the pelvis and 8 of these experienced recurrence after 1
      year. Successful treatment after recurrence was independent of clinical or
      histopathologic parameters except site of recurrence. Eight of 15 patients (53%)
      who were treated with irradiation for a recurrence in the pelvis or vulva are
      free of disease 10 to 126 months (median, 48 months) after recurrence. Since
      irradiation can aid in salvaging patients with recurrent cervical carcinoma
      confined to the pelvis following radical surgery, clinical vigilance for this
      site of recurrence is emphasized.

PMID- 3391422
TI  - Population screening for cervical cancer in the region of Nijmegen, The
      Netherlands 1976-1985.
AB  - In this study the results of a 9-year cervical screening program in the region of
      Nijmegen, The Netherlands are presented. All women aged 35 through 54 were
      invited every 3 years for a cervical smear. Overall attendance rates were 74%,
      67%, and 63% at first, second, and third screening, respectively. The number of
      histologically confirmed severe epithelial abnormalities discovered in women who
      were screened for the first time was 3.8 per thousand smears, 1.0 per thousand in
      women who were screened twice and 0.7 per thousand in women who were screened
      three times in the program. Three years after the start of the screening program
      the incidence of invasive squamous cell cancer started to decline in the women
      aged 35 through 54 years. On the basis of the results of this study we may
      conclude a screening policy with an interval of 3 years to be a safe procedure.
      Whether this interval is the most efficient cannot be concluded. We have the
      impression that an interval of 4 to 6 years may lead to comparable results.

PMID- 3391423
TI  - Concordance of combination and single agent chemosensitivity prediction in
      ovarian carcinoma using the subrenal capsule xenograft assay (SRCA).
AB  - The tumors from 62 patients with advanced ovarian adenocarcinoma were assayed by
      the subrenal capsule xenograft assay (SRCA) for sensitivity to doxorubicin (A),
      cis-platinum (P), and cyclophosphamide (C), individually and in combination. In
      some instances only one or two of the individual drugs were assayed; however, the
      combination, CAP, was always tested. All patients received an optimal surgical
      debulking (absence of any residual tumor masses greater than or equal to 2 cm)
      followed by chemotherapy with CAP. Forty-two tumors were predicted to be
      sensitive to CAP by the SRCA; 51 of 71 (72%) individually tested drugs agreed
      with this determination. Twenty-one tumors were predicted to be resistant to CAP
      and 32 of 36 (89%) individually tested drugs agreed with this determination. In
      this preliminary study, 11 patients had surgically documented partial responses
      to CAP chemotherapy. All of these patients had tumors which prospectively tested
      as sensitive to CAP in the SRCA: 13 of 18 (72%) of separately tested drugs were
      in concordance with this sensitivity. Fourteen patients failed CAP therapy and
      three of these failures were predicted prospectively by the SRCA: 9 of 9 (100%)
      of separately tested drugs were in concordance. Thus, there is an overall
      concordance of 82% (22/27) between the individual components of a combination
      chemotherapy and the combination therapy itself. It would seem that
      extrapolations of sensitivity or resistance can be made from the individual
      components.

PMID- 3391424
TI  - Effect of protein synthesis inhibitors and metabolic blockers on the production
      of placental proteins by the in vitro perfused human placenta.
AB  - The capacity of the freshly delivered human term placenta to produce and release
      placental proteins during in vitro dual perfusion was investigated. The organ was
      perfused in separate closed circulations and aliquots of medium were taken at
      regular intervals from both maternal and fetal circuits. The placental proteins
      human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG), human placental lactogen (HPL), pregnancy
      specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SP1), and pregnancy-associated plasma protein A
      (PAPP-A) were quantified in these media as well as in the placental tissue before
      and after the perfusion. It was found that the four above-mentioned proteins were
      synthesised during the perfusion interval (90 min to 3 h) while pregnancy
      associated alpha 2-glycoprotein and prolactin were only washed out. The mean
      production of HCG, HPL, SP1, and PAPP-A was decreased when either cycloheximide,
      puromycin, iodoacetic acid, or 2,4-dinitrophenol had been added to the perfusing
      medium. Amongst these four antimetabolites iodoacetic acid most severely affected
      both the total release and net synthesis. It is concluded that the above four
      proteins are synthesised de novo by the perfused placenta in the absence of
      maternal tissue and that this synthesis is energy-dependent.

PMID- 3391425
TI  - Longitudinal study of plasma lipids and lipoprotein cholesterol in normal
      pregnancy and puerperium.
AB  - Plasma lipids and lipoprotein cholesterol distribution were measured in 60 normal
      pregnancies studied longitudinally at 12, 20, 28, and 36 weeks of gestation and 3
      and 40 days postpartum. Total cholesterol, unesterified cholesterol,
      phospholipids, triglycerides and cholesterol in low- and very-low-density
      lipoproteins rose progressively during pregnancy. Maximal values were reached at
      36 weeks for total cholesterol, unesterified cholesterol and low-density
      lipoprotein cholesterol and at partum for triglycerides, very-low-density
      lipoprotein cholesterol and phospholipids. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol
      was hardly affected by pregnancy. During the second half of pregnancy and
      postpartum period, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was consistently and
      negatively correlated with triglycerides and very-low-density lipoprotein
      cholesterol. In each period studied total cholesterol showed very high positive
      correlation with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol but a weak correlation with
      high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

PMID- 3391427
TI  - Obstetrical characteristics of a loss of end-diastolic velocities in the fetal
      aorta and/or umbilical artery using Doppler ultrasound.
AB  - In 30 of 137 high-risk pregnancies we observed absent end-diastolic velocities
      indicating a high downstream impedance, which could be proved by
      histomorphological findings of the placenta. On the average the loss of end
      diastolic velocities occurred 2-3 days before suspicious and nearly 8 days before
      pathological cardiotocographic findings. The perinatal mortality was high when
      absent velocities had been observed before the 32nd week, a cesarean section was
      obligatory in all but 1 case. All fetuses were growth-retarded. In 9 cases we
      were able to determine the ratio of blood flow volume in the common carotid
      arteries to that of the fetal aorta. The values were significantly increased as
      compared to values of undisturbed pregnancies, demonstrating a redistribution of
      fetal blood in favor of cerebral circulation.

PMID- 3391426
TI  - NK cell activity and estrogen hormone levels during normal human pregnancy.
AB  - NK cell activity was determined in peripheral blood of 24 women during pregnancy,
      and compared to NK activity of 40 healthy nonpregnant women in generative age. An
      increase in the first trimester was followed by a significant decline of NK
      activity in the second trimester, and a further fall in the third trimester of
      pregnancy. The initial rise of NK activity was predominantly due to
      primigravidas, whereas the fall in the second trimester was mainly due to
      multigravidas. There was a significant negative correlation between NK activity
      and the increasing levels of estrogen hormones (beta-estradiol, estriol and
      estrone) in the sera of pregnant women. However, when analyzed for each trimester
      of pregnancy separately, a significant (p less than 0.02) negative correlation
      was only found with beta-estradiol, suggesting that high doses of this hormone
      could contribute to pregnancy-associated NK suppression.

PMID- 3391428
TI  - Prediction of sepsis neonatorum following a full-term pregnancy.
AB  - The aim of the present study was to identify obstetrical factors predicting
      sepsis neonatorum following a full-term pregnancy. In 1982 26 infants out of
      2,977 full-term pregnancies had septicemia. For comparison 42 women of
      corresponding age were randomly selected. A stepwise regression analysis was
      performed in order to evaluate the association between seven different variables
      and sepsis neonatorum. We found that prolonged rupture of the membranes (p less
      than 0.003) and primary amniotomy (p less than 0.02) were the most important
      factors predicting sepsis neonatorum (r2 = 0.22). Factors such as cervical
      ripening, vaginal examinations, intrauterine monitoring devices, prolonged labor
      and prolonged pregnancy did not add to the predicted power of the analysis.

PMID- 3391429
TI  - Quantification of the fetal heart rate variability by spectral analysis in growth
      retarded fetuses.
AB  - The analysis of short-term variability of fetal heart rate in the frequency
      domain was performed. The fetal activity states (quiescence, trunk rotation, body
      movements, fetal breathing movements) were taken into account. The differences
      between the shapes of power spectra in physiological and growth-retarded fetuses
      were discussed.

PMID- 3391430
TI  - Ovarian morphology in patients with polycystic ovaries and in an age-matched
      reference material. A statistical evaluation of 149 cases.
AB  - The ovarian morphology in 149 patients with the clinical syndrome of polycystic
      ovaries (group I) is described. The ovaries from 10 age-matched women (group II)
      with no signs of ovarian disorder were investigated as a reference material. The
      number of cysts documented for group I was twice that of the reference group and
      the ovarian volume three times that of the normals. No significant difference in
      follicle number was seen between the two groups. The tunica albuginea was thicker
      in group I with more pronounced atretic changes. The duration of symptoms for
      group I correlated significantly with body mass index, thickening of tunica,
      degree of stromal hyperplasia and the calculated means of ovarian volume. A
      correlation was also seen between ovarian volume, degree of follicular atresia
      and stromal hyperplasia, as well as between the thickness of the tunica
      albuginea, number of follicles and degree of follicular atresia.

PMID- 3391431
TI  - Relaxin and human chorionic gonadotropin concentrations in blood serum during the
      first trimester of normal and pathological pregnancy.
AB  - Relaxin and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) were determined in the blood serum
      of women during normal and pathological pregnancy in the 1st trimester. In normal
      pregnancy, the hormones showed similar behavior in their secretion pattern up to
      the 7th week with continuously increasing concentrations. Thereafter different
      patterns in their secretion developed. In pathological pregnancy, both relaxin
      and HCG concentrations were significantly lower than in undisturbed pregnancy,
      following an almost parallel course without peaks.

PMID- 3391432
TI  - Changes in erythrocyte and plasma zinc concentrations in pregnancy.
AB  - In a group of normal pregnant women, erythrocyte and plasma zinc concentrations
      were assessed at 8, 15, 25 and 35 weeks. Erythrocyte zinc concentration showed an
      increasing trend with a peak value at 25 weeks, although the increase did not
      reach a significant level. Plasma zinc concentration showed a significant
      decrease with the lowest value at 35 weeks. Erythrocyte and plasma zinc
      concentrations were not correlated, and there was no correlation between either
      of these concentrations and human chorionic gonadotrophin at 8-15 weeks. The
      value of zinc measurements in the management of complicated pregnancies is
      discussed.

PMID- 3391433
TI  - Social work in teaching hospitals and expansion of for-profit health
      corporations.
AB  - The possibility of sale of a 175-year-old nonprofit hospital to a for-profit
      corporation raised questions and concerns about the future of teaching and
      training programs at the institution. With the many challenges facing social
      workers in both the nonprofit and for-profit hospitals, especially the pressures
      for early discharge planning and developing income producing services, social
      work teaching and learning opportunities in hospitals may be drastically
      curtailed. The author enjoins social workers to maintain social work's values and
      ethics as they continue the roles of administrator, clinician, teacher, learner,
      researcher, and, most important, advocate for social policy and change.

PMID- 3391434
TI  - Mental health attitudes and practices of Soviet Jewish immigrants.
AB  - This article describes some of the difficulties Soviet Jewish immigrants face and
      the results of a survey of immigrant attitudes toward western mental health
      resources. The author identifies doctors and medical facilities as primary mental
      health resources and explores implications for social work service delivery in
      ambulatory care settings. Comparisons with other populations also are made.

PMID- 3391436
TI  - Relationship between the deinstitutionalization model, psychiatric disability,
      and homelessness.
AB  - A follow-up study that tracked a sample of 133 people released from a state
      mental hospital showed that 35 percent became homeless within three months,
      supporting the theory that deinstitutionalization contributes to homelessness. An
      in-depth, qualitative tracking procedure provides data to describe key
      characteristics of the homeless person and the process by which people become
      homeless. These data point to solutions for improved care of severely mentally
      disabled people for whom the aftercare system has failed.

PMID- 3391438
TI  - Caring for persons with AIDS in geriatric nursing homes. Weighing the costs of
      care.

PMID- 3391437
TI  - Geriatric nursing home care can work for persons with AIDS.

PMID- 3391435
TI  - Abortions among Israeli women after interruption in contraceptive use.
AB  - Seventy-two Israeli women who underwent abortions were interviewed. Most of those
      interviewed had used modern contraceptives previously, but not before their most
      recent pregnancy. The interruption in contraceptive use resulted from adverse
      side effects of the contraceptives and instability in partner relationships.

PMID- 3391440
TI  - Publishing as a professional activity.

PMID- 3391439
TI  - Social policy and chronic illness.

PMID- 3391441
TI  - AIDS.

PMID- 3391442
TI  - A prescription for promoting social work research in a university hospital.
AB  - The social work profession recognizes that research is vital to furthering its
      status and goals. However, the best methods to interest and engage clinicians in
      research are uncertain. This article posits a conceptual framework for
      implementing research in practice settings and describes the purposeful creation
      of an administrative context that facilitates research.

PMID- 3391443
TI  - [Sex and age differences in the effect of verapamil on rat cardiac function].
AB  - The author reports that a relatively high dose of verapamil produces sex-related
      cardiac effects, especially on the conducting system in adult rats. A single dose
      of verapamil (0.5-1 mg/kg, i.v.) caused a marked AV block and a reduction in
      heart rate to 50-60% in adult males, but not in females. There was no sex
      difference in the hypotensive effect of verapamil. At 3, 5 or 7 weeks of age,
      verapamil (1 mg/kg, i.v.) induced a 10-20% reduction of the heart rate without AV
      block in both male and female rats. In 8-week-old male rats, the reduction in the
      heart rate became apparent, and AV block appeared following a single i.v.
      injection of verapamil. The adult pattern in cardiac response to verapamil was
      observed at 11 weeks of age and afterward. Castration in adult male and female
      rats resulted in an intermediate pattern of the response to verapamil in intact
      male and female rats. Acute treatment with testosterone (20 mg/kg, s.c.) in
      castrated male and female rats induced a decrease in the basal heart rate and
      increased the cardiac responsiveness to verapamil in castrated female rats.
      Estradiol-17 beta failed to alter the responsiveness of castrated rats to
      verapamil. These results suggest that testosterone may play a role in the sex
      difference of the cardiac responses to verapamil in rats.

PMID- 3391444
TI  - [Study on producing rats with experimental testicular dysfunction and effects of
      mecobalamin].
AB  - Experiments were performed to investigate the effects of mecobalamin (CH3-B12) on
      disorders of testicular function. Male rats received subcutaneously an injection
      of doxorubicin (ADR) three times a week for 3, 5 and 7 weeks. Thereafter, they
      were periodically sacrificed for the examination of cauda epididymal sperm
      profiles and the morphology of the testis. ADR treatment caused a decrease in
      sperm counts, sperm motility and the diameter of the seminiferous tubules, and an
      increase in the percentage of abnormal sperms. These damaging effects depended on
      the dosage and period of treatment with ADR. Based on these findings, rats with
      testicular dysfunction induced by the treatment with ADR at a daily dose of 0.25
      mg/kg, three times a week for 5 weeks were prepared to investigate the effects of
      CH3-B12 on oligozoospermia. CH3-B12 was given intraperitoneally to the
      oligozoospermic rats six times a week for 5 and 10 weeks. The results obtained
      indicated that 1,000 micrograms/kg of CH3-B12 caused a significant increase in
      both the sperm counts and the diameter of the seminiferous tubules. These results
      suggest that CH3-B12 is a candidate drug for oligozoospermia.

PMID- 3391445
TI  - [Effects of cadralazine on the central nervous system].
AB  - The effect of cadralazine, a new antihypertensive agent, were studied on the
      central nervous systems in experimental animals. Oral administration of 0.5 mg/kg
      or more of cadralazine depressed spontaneous motor activity and enhanced
      electroshock-induced convulsions in mice. The drug produced flush on the tail or
      ears at 0.5 mg/kg, p.o. or more and enhanced respiratory movement at 5.0 mg/kg,
      p.o. or more in rats. At 2.5 mg/kg, p.o., cadralazine prolonged the thiopental
      sleeping time and inhibited methamphetamine-induced hypermotility as well as
      acetic acid-induced writhing in mice. Pretreatment of naloxone, however, failed
      to antagonize this inhibitory effect on acetic acid-induced writhing. Cadralazine
      at 5.0 mg/kg, p.o., lowered body temperature in rats. This same dose antagonized
      tremorine-induced behaviors in mice. Cadralazine at a dose of 1.0 or 5.0 mg/kg,
      i.v., had no effect on the spontaneous EEG pattern and the threshold of arousal
      EEG response induced by electrical stimulation to the midbrain reticular
      formation in rabbits. Even at a dose as large as 100 mg/kg, p.o., the drug showed
      no significant effect on the following effects: conditioned avoidance response in
      rats, spinal reflex in cats, tail pinch-induced pain in mice, and somatic
      function in the inclined screen or in the traction test in mice. In conclusion,
      cadralazine, having no passage through the blood-brain barrier, showed several
      pharmacological actions on behaviors. These actions are considered to be derived
      from its vasodilative properties and were qualitatively similar to those of
      hydralazine.

PMID- 3391446
TI  - [Effects of cadralazine on the respiration, circulation, kidney, autonomic
      nervous system, digestive system, blood and so on].
AB  - The general pharmacological effects of cadralazine and its major metabolite ISF
      2405 were studied by comparing them with those of hydralazine. Cadralazine at 3.0
      mg/kg, i.v., increased respiratory movement and heart rate and decreased blood
      pressure in cats. Cadralazine at 3.0 mg/kg, i.v., inhibited the hypertensive
      response induced by adrenaline, but showed little effect on the hypotensive
      response induced by acetylcholine in cats. Cadralazine and ISF 2405 at 10(-4)
      g/ml had negative chronotropic effects on isolated guinea-pig atria. The drug at
      2.5 mg/kg, p.o., inhibited the passage of BaSO4 in the gastrointestinal tract in
      mice. The drug at 5.0 mg/kg, i.d. or more inhibited gastric secretion in rats.
      Cadralazine, except at higher doses, had little effect on spontaneous gastric
      motility and uterine spontaneous movement in rats. Cadralazine at 2.5 mg/kg,
      p.o., or more reduced or tended to reduce urine volume and urinary excretion of
      electrolytes. The drug showed little effect on coagulation and osmotic fragility
      in blood cell in rats nor on hemolysis and platelet aggregation in rabbits. ISF
      2405, however, showed slight or moderate influence on hemolysis at concentrations
      as high as 0.01-1.0%. Cadralazine at 5.0 mg/kg, p.o. or more antagonized
      carrageenin-induced hind paw edema in rats. In conclusion, these effects of
      cadralazine were found to be qualitatively identical with those of hydralazine.

PMID- 3391447
TI  - [Effect of gomisin A (TJN-101), a lignan compound isolated from Schisandra
      fruits, on liver function in rats].
AB  - TJN-101 [+)-(6S, 7S, R-biar)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,2,3,12-tetramethoxy- 6,7
      dimethyl-10,11-methylenedioxy-6-dibenzo [a, c] cyclooctenol) is one of the lignan
      compounds isolated from Schisandra fruits. When TJN-101 was administered orally
      at the doses of 3-100 mg/kg/day for 4 days, bile secretion, hepatic excretion of
      dye or hepatic hemodynamics 24 hr after the last dose was investigated in
      comparison with the phenobarbital (100 mg/kg/day)-treated group. Bile flow was
      dose-dependently increased; in contrast, biliary concentration of bile acids was
      decreased in TJN-101 (30 and 100 mg/kg/day)-treated groups. Similar changes were
      also observed in the phenobarbital-treated group. These results suggested that
      the enhancement of bile secretion caused by TJN-101 or phenobarbital was due to
      an increase of a bile acid-independent fraction. In the bromosulfophthalein (BSP)
      clearance test for liver function, both TJN-101 (30 and 100 mg/kg/day) and
      phenobarbital accelerated the disappearance from the blood and biliary excretion
      of BSP. Hepatic hemodynamics was examined by the hydrogen clearance method and
      measurement of liver wet and dry weight. Liver blood flow tended to increase in
      the TJN-101 (10-100 mg/kg/day) or phenobarbital-treated group. On the other hand,
      TJN-101 (3-100 mg/kg/day) or phenobarbital hardly altered the water content of
      the liver. These results suggested that the liver enlargement caused by both
      compounds was not accompanied with hepatic edema and that the enhancement of bile
      secretion or hepatic excretion of BSP might be related to an increase of liver
      blood flow.

PMID- 3391448
TI  - [Acute effects of topical application of methyl N-trimethyl-gamma-aminobutyrate
      chloride on cutaneous microcirculation in the healthy male rabbit].
AB  - Effects of acetylcholine (ACh) and its reversed carboxy analogue, methyl N
      trimethyl-gamma-aminobutyrate chloride (MTB), induced either by topical
      application to the skin surface around a transparent round table chamber (REC)
      that had been previously installed to the ear lobe or by intravenous injection on
      the micro- and macrocirculations were studied in the healthy male rabbit. The
      effects of both drugs on the cutaneous microcirculation within the REC were
      observed vital-microscopically under conscious conditions and the
      microcirculatory events were visualized with a microscope-closed TV system and
      microphotoelectric plethysmography. The results were as follows: (1) Topical
      application of 1% MTB cream caused an enhanced perfusion of rhythmic
      microvascular blood due to vasomotion for a period of 30 min or longer, while ACh
      did so to a much less extent, if any. On the other hand, no appreciable change
      developed in any systemic hemodynamic parameters. (2) Intravenous administration
      of MTB or ACh caused a very transient dilator effect on micro-and
      macrocirculatory blood vessels according to its cholinergic stimulation, which
      could be blocked by atropinization. Almost the same efficacy on vasomotion was
      observed for each drug. (3) These findings indicate that the topical application
      of MTB to the skin surface may cause a physiologically acceptable vasodilation
      accompanied by vasomotion, and it would facilitate the oxygen diffusion by the
      follicular circulation.

PMID- 3391449
TI  - [Cerebroprotective action of naftidrofuryl oxalate. I: Prolongation of survival
      time and protection of cerebral energy metabolism in bilateral carotid artery
      ligated mice].
AB  - The present study was designed to elucidate whether naftidrofuryl oxalate (LS
      121) may exert a beneficial effect on survival time and cerebral energy
      metabolism of bilateral carotid artery (BCA)-ligated mice. Survival time of BCA
      ligated mice ranged from 100 to 308 sec. Administration of 15, 45 and 100 mg/kg,
      i.p. and 100 mg/kg, p.o. LS-121 significantly prolonged the survival time.
      Cerebral adenosine triphosphate (ATP), creatine phosphate (CP) and glucose
      contents were markedly reduced at 2 min after BCA-ligation. Cerebral lactate
      content was increased by the ligation, whereas the pyruvate content was not
      altered. Pretreatment of mice with 15, 45 mg/kg, i.p. and 100 mg/kg, p.o. LS-121
      suppressed BCA-ligation induced decrease in high-energy phosphates of the mouse
      brain. Ligation-induced decrease in glucose and increase in lactate content
      tended to be attenuated by the treatment with 45 mg/kg, i.p. LS-121. Time course
      of changes in metabolic variables altered by BCA-ligation with and without the
      pretreatment with 45 mg/kg, i.p. LS-121 showed a significant suppression of
      ligation-induced decrease in cerebral high-energy phosphates. The results suggest
      that LS-121 is beneficial for ischemic mouse brain energy metabolism, which may
      be related to the prolongation of the survival time.

PMID- 3391450
TI  - The nervous system of Prosogonotrema carangi Velasquez, 1961, from the marine
      fish Macrocanthus monoceros.

PMID- 3391451
TI  - Histochemical changes in the glycogen content of the fat body of D. similis with
      aging.

PMID- 3391452
TI  - Effect of Canna indica L. leaves on the hermaphrodite gland of the snail Bulinus
      truncatus (Audouin).

PMID- 3391453
TI  - Effect of oestrogen treatment on the survival of irradiated fish of the species
      Oryzias latipes.

PMID- 3391454
TI  - Extracellular material in morphogenesis--its demonstration and quantitative
      evaluation.

PMID- 3391455
TI  - Projections from the substantia nigra (pars reticulata) to the rostral part of
      the rat striatum. A horseradish peroxidase study.

PMID- 3391456
TI  - Normal development of the ocular glands of the mouse.

PMID- 3391458
TI  - The nervous system of some hemiurid trematodes of marine teleosts.

PMID- 3391457
TI  - Normal development of the eyelids in the mouse.

PMID- 3391460
TI  - The effect of methotrexate (MTX) on the small intestine of the mouse. I. A
      macroscopic study.

PMID- 3391459
TI  - The human subfornical organ: an anatomical approach.

PMID- 3391461
TI  - Biochemical and physiological changes in the tissues and serum of both sexes in
      Portunus pelagicus (L.) following acute exposures to zinc and copper.

PMID- 3391462
TI  - Histochemical study of the secretions of the male reproductive system of Portunus
      pelagicus (L.) (Crustacea-Brachyura).

PMID- 3391463
TI  - Monographs on fragrance raw materials.

PMID- 3391465
TI  - Induction of hyperplasia in the bladder epithelium of rats by a dietary excess of
      acid or base: implications for toxicity/carcinogenicity testing.
AB  - In previous studies we observed an increased incidence of hyperplasia in the
      epithelium of the urinary bladder of rats fed cereal-based stock diet
      supplemented with 6% monosodium glutamate (MSG) for 3 months. Hyperplasia was not
      enhanced, however, when 6% MSG was fed in a purified casein diet. Further studies
      have been conducted to identify the dietary factor that caused the different
      response with the two diets. Feeding MSG had a marked alkalizing effect on the
      urine. Rats fed purified diet produced urine of higher acidity than did those fed
      stock diet, a finding attributed to the greater excess of base in the stock diet.
      When diets with a considerable excess of cations were fed, urinary pH showed a
      characteristic pattern of widely differing values during a 24-hr period, with
      high values (pH greater than or equal to 8] for several hours of darkness, when
      food intake was high, declining during the day to a minimum at the end of the
      light period. Hyperplasia of the bladder epithelium was induced not only by
      feeding MSG, but also by feeding 5% of the alkalizing salt KHCO3, both in
      purified diet and in stock diet. The epithelial response to an alkalizing
      substance was prevented by simultaneous feeding of the acidifying salt NH4Cl.
      These findings indicate that the bladder changes induced by MSG are attributable
      to its alkalizing properties rather than to MSG per se. Moderate to severe
      hyperplasia of the bladder epithelium was induced also by feeding 5% NH4Cl in
      purified diet, a procedure accompanied by a further lowering of urinary pH. These
      findings showed that hyperplasia of the bladder epithelium of rats can be induced
      both by acidifying and by alkalizing the urine through manipulation of the acid
      base balance of the basal diet. There is thus a possibility that, in
      carcinogenicity studies, administration of compounds to rats in the form of a
      salt may lead to erroneous conclusions.

PMID- 3391464
TI  - Effect of acute and chronic butylated hydroxyanisole administration on in vivo
      glucuronidation of N-nitrosobutyl(4-hydroxybutyl)amine in rats.
AB  - The urinary metabolic pattern of N-nitrosobutyl(4-hydroxybutyl)amine (NB4HBA)
      administered ip at a dose of 5 mg/kg body weight was studied in animals either
      pretreated with butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) as a single oral dose of 50 or 250
      mg/kg, or fed a diet containing 0.1 or 0.5% BHA. The 24-hr urinary excretion of
      NB4HBA, its glucuronic acid-conjugate (NB4HBA-G) and N-nitrosobutyl(3
      carboxypropyl)amine (NB3CPA) in control rats were 0.12, 0.75 and 30% of the
      administered dose, respectively, and were not changed after a single oral dose of
      50 mg BHA/kg. NB4HBA-G was significantly reduced in the urine of rats given 250
      mg BHA/kg. In vitro assays carried out using rat-hepatic microsomal preparations
      as the source of the enzyme UDP-glucuronyl transferases (GT) and NB4HBA as the
      substrate, suggest that a competition between NB4HBA and BHA for the same enzyme
      may be the cause of the decreased NB4HBA-G excretion observed in vivo. A fourfold
      increase in NB4HBA-G urinary excretion was observed after chronic 0.5% BHA
      feeding; moreover, the glucuronic acid-conjugate of NB3CPA (NB3CPA-G), which was
      not detected in the controls or after acute BHA treatment, appeared in the urine
      of rats given dietary BHA for 3 wk, accounting for about 10% of the administered
      NB4HBA. In vitro experiments indicate that the increased glucuronides excretion
      may be the result of an elevated hepatic GT activity.

PMID- 3391467
TI  - Identification of spinacine as the principal reaction product of gamma-casein
      with formaldehyde in cheese.
AB  - Formaldehyde is added to milk in the production of grana cheese as an
      antimicrobial agent. In order to study the fate of the formaldehyde, a grana
      cheese preparation was made using 14C-labelled formaldehyde. The 14C-activity in
      the cheese was found to be mainly associated with the caseins, but it was not
      uniformly distributed among the different fractions (alpha s, beta- and gamma
      caseins). gamma-Casein, separated by electrophoresis, was the most reactive
      component showing the highest specific activity. In the gamma-casein fractions,
      99% of 14C-activity was associated with the basic amino acids. The only
      radioactive reaction product present in the gamma-casein fraction was identified
      by HPTLC and by an amino acid analyser to be spinacine, a condensation product of
      formaldehyde and histidine. Using the same method, other unknown radioactive
      products, of much less relevance, were detected in the total casein hydrolysate.

PMID- 3391466
TI  - Teratogenicity study of ammonium glycyrrhizinate in the Sprague-Dawley rat.
AB  - Ammonium glycyrrhizinate (AG), a commercially used salt of glycyrrhizic acid, was
      administered in the drinking-water to Sprague-Dawley rats on days 7-17 of
      pregnancy. The actual intakes were 0, 21.33 +/- 1.22, 238.75 +/- 17.50 and 679.94
      +/- 69.87 mg AG/kg body weight/day for groups 0, 1, 2 and 3, respectively. AG
      caused polydipsia in the dams. Foetuses from the treated litters did not present
      an increase in external malformations, a decrease in weight or a decrease in the
      degree of ossification. However, there was a slight but significant increase in
      embryolethality and in the prevalence of external haemorrhages. Skeletal
      examination revealed a dose-related increase in minor anomalies, especially in
      the sternebral variants. Renal ectopy also increased significantly at the highest
      dose. These results indicate that the possible embryotoxicity of aromatizing
      compounds should be considered.

PMID- 3391468
TI  - Evaluation of the oral toxicity of acetaldehyde and formaldehyde in a 4-week
      drinking-water study in rats.
AB  - A subacute oral toxicity study of acetaldehyde and formaldehyde was carried out
      in rats. Groups of ten male and ten female 5-wk-old rats received one of the
      aldehydes in the drinking-water for a period of 4 wk, acetaldehyde being given at
      dose levels of 25, 125 and 675 mg/kg body weight/day and formaldehyde at dose
      levels of 5, 25 and 125 mg/kg body weight/day. A group of 20 males and 20 females
      served as controls and received unsupplemented drinking-water ad lib. An
      additional group of ten males and ten females was given unsupplemented drinking
      water in an amount equal to the amount of liquid consumed by the group given the
      top dose of formaldehyde. Food and liquid intake were decreased in the groups on
      the top dose of both acetaldehyde and formaldehyde. Hyperkeratosis of the
      forestomach, observed only in the top-dose rats, was the only adverse effect of
      acetaldehyde detected. Effects of formaldehyde, also observed only in the top
      dose group, were yellow discoloration of the fur, decreased protein and albumin
      levels in the blood plasma, thickening of the limiting ridge and hyperkeratosis
      in the forestomach, and focal gastritis in the glandular stomach. It was
      concluded that in this study the no-observed-adverse-effect levels of
      acetaldehyde and formaldehyde were 125 and 25 mg/kg body weight/day,
      respectively.

PMID- 3391469
TI  - Effects of consuming toxic oils and oleoanilides on fat digestibility and adipose
      tissue composition of rats.
AB  - An oil implicated in the Spanish "toxic syndrome" was studied for its effect on
      fat digestibility and adipose-tissue composition in rats. The effects produced by
      the mixture of oils and those induced by the presence of oleoanilides were
      assessed separately. For 4 wk, Wistar rats were fed diets containing either a
      mixture of oils similar to that constituting the toxic oil, the same mixture of
      oils supplemented with oleoanilides, or the toxic oil (which also contained
      oleoanilides) and were then compared with a group fed olive oil. Food consumption
      fluctuated sharply in the group fed the toxic oil, falling significantly in the
      last week of the study. The digestibility coefficient of the various fats was
      similar, although the rats fed the toxic oil did absorb less fat because of the
      lower intake. The nitrogen content of the periovarian adipose tissue was highest
      in the rats fed the toxic oil, and the adipose-tissue fatty acids most affected
      by this treatment were linoleic and linolenic acid. The delta-9 desaturase
      activity, measured in terms of the C16:1/C16:0 and C18:1/C18:0 ratios, was
      significantly less in the group fed the toxic oil, which suggests functional
      modifications of the adipocyte related to lipogenesis.

PMID- 3391471
TI  - Multigeneration reproduction and carcinogenicity studies in Sprague-Dawley rats
      exposed topically to oxidative hair-colouring formulations containing p
      phenylenediamine and other aromatic amines.
AB  - Two-generation reproduction and chronic toxicity-carcinogenicity studies were
      conducted in Sprague-Dawley rats receiving topical applications of six oxidative
      hair-colouring formulations. These formulations were prepared as prototypes of
      permanent hair colourings using the base ingredients and primary intermediates
      and couplers most often used in this kind of product. Among the dyes included in
      the various formulations were p-phenylenediamine, p-toluenediamine, p
      aminophenol, resorcinol, m-aminophenol, 1-naphthol, 2-amino-4-nitrophenol, 4
      chlororesorcinol, p-aminodiphenylamine hydrochloride and N-methyl-p-aminophenol
      sulphate. The dye solutions were mixed with an equal volume of 6% hydrogen
      peroxide prior to application. In the reproduction study the samples were applied
      topically twice weekly throughout the growth, mating, gestation and lactation
      phases of the F0 parents to the weaning of the F1a and F2b litters. Fertility,
      gestation and foetal viability indices and body weights were evaluated for the
      six treatment groups and these were compared with the values for the three
      concurrent control groups. Weanlings selected from the F1a litters were the
      subjects for the lifetime carcinogenesis study. For 24 months they received twice
      weekly topical applications of the same dyes as were administered to their
      parents. Clinical chemistry, haematological and urinalysis studies were performed
      at months 3, 12, 18 and 24, and five animals/sex/group were killed at month 12
      and autopsied for histological examination of the rat tissues. All animals in the
      chronic study were evaluated for incidence of neoplastic and non-neoplastic
      lesions. In the reproduction phase the application of hair dyes had no adverse
      effect on the fertility of the males or females, or on gestation, lactation and
      weaning indices. The average number weaned per litter and the mean body weights
      of the weanlings were comparable among the treated and control groups. No
      treatment-related gross lesions were observed in any animals necropsied at month
      12 or at study termination, or in any rats that died during the course of the
      carcinogenicity study. Comparison of the tumour incidences among the six treated
      and three control groups showed some significant variations among those tumours
      occurring most frequently in this strain of rats, and pituitary adenomas were
      also increased significantly (P less than 0.05) in the females of one of the
      treated groups. The incidence of this tumour is known to be high and variable in
      untreated female Sprague-Dawley rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3391470
TI  - Rubratoxin B mycotoxicosis in the Swiss ICR mouse.
AB  - The LD50 for rubratoxin B dissolved in dimethylsulphoxide and administered to ICR
      mice by ip injection was 0.31 (0.22-0.43) mg/kg body weight. Gross alterations
      consisted of congestion of the liver and spleen and pallor and mottling of the
      kidneys. The histopathological alterations seen were hepatic and splenic
      congestion and renal tubular degeneration. The morphopathogenesis of lesions
      following a single ip LD50 dose was evaluated in a second study. Hepatic lesions
      were observed in mice killed between 8 and 40 hr after dosing and included
      diffuse sinusoidal congestion with mild sinusoidal ectasia, leucostasis,
      multifocal cytoplasmic vacuolation and necrosis of individual hepatocytes. Renal
      lesions were mild, not time-dependent, and consisted of mild degenerative changes
      in tubular epithelial cells of the outer stripe of the outer zone of the medulla.
      The activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase
      (ALT) in serum were increased 2 hr after dosing, peaked at 4 hr and returned to
      control values by the end of the test period. In a third study, rubratoxin B was
      administered ip daily for 1 wk at doses of 25, 50 and 75% of the ip LD50.
      Toxicity was dose related and cumulative with multiple doses at the highest dose.
      In a fourth study, rubratoxin B was administered ip at a dose of 75% of the ip
      LD50 daily for 1 wk. Histopathological alterations included hepatic congestion
      and mild sinusoidal ectasia, multifocal necrosis of hepatocytes, splenic
      congestion and mild renal tubular degeneration. Serum activities of AST and ALT
      were increased after multiple doses of rubratoxin B.

PMID- 3391472
TI  - The acute oral toxicity and primary ocular and dermal irritation of selected N
      alkyl-2-pyrrolidones.
AB  - N-alkyl-2-pyrrolidones are a class of materials that are increasingly used in
      food, drug, cosmetic and industrial applications; however, toxicological data is
      only available for a few members of the class. The acute oral toxicity, primary
      dermal irritation and primary ocular irritation of N-methyl-, N-ethyl-, N
      hydroxyethyl-, N-isopropyl-, N-cyclohexyl-, N-octyl-, N-dodecyl-, N-coco- and N
      tallow-2-pyrrolidone are reported. Additionally, N-octyl-, N-decyl-, N-dodecyl-,
      N-tetradecyl-, N-hexadecyl- and N-octadecyl-2-pyrrolidone had the primary ocular
      and dermal irritation indices measured as a 2% aqueous suspension. These data
      show a wide range of toxicities dependent upon the alkyl substituent.

PMID- 3391474
TI  - [Results of air impulse esthesiometry after administration of oftan-timolol].

PMID- 3391476
TI  - [Partial ciliary body excision in secondary glaucoma of various origins].

PMID- 3391475
TI  - [Long-term results of cyclocryotherapy in chronic narrow-angle glaucoma].

PMID- 3391473
TI  - Dealing with spills of hazardous chemicals: some nitrosamides.
AB  - Spills of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea, N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea, N-methyl-N
      nitrosourethane and N-ethyl-N-nitrosourethane can be decontaminated using a
      mixture of ethanol and saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution. Spills of N
      methyl-N-nitroso-p-toluenesulphonamide, N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine and
      N-ethyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine can be decontaminated with a solution of
      sulphamic acid in 2 M-hydrochloric acid. In all cases the nitrosamides are
      completely destroyed and only non-mutagenic reaction mixtures are produced.

PMID- 3391477
TI  - [Initial experiences with the White glaucoma pump shunt].

PMID- 3391478
TI  - [The contact-glass tonometer].

PMID- 3391479
TI  - [Comparative tonometry using non-contact tonometer, applanation tonometer and
      Schiotz tonometer].

PMID- 3391480
TI  - [A new device for the measurement of episcleral venous pressure--its clinical use
      in the evaluation of aqueous humor circulation under physiological and
      pathological conditions].

PMID- 3391481
TI  - [Delay of visually evoked cortical potentials during ramp stimulation after light
      and darkness adaptation in early glaucomatous functional defects].

PMID- 3391482
TI  - [Octopus perimetry in long-term control of chronic cerebroretinal vascular
      insufficiency].

PMID- 3391483
TI  - [Experimental studies on the functional morphology of the vascular system of the
      anterior eye segment in rabbits and primates].

PMID- 3391484
TI  - [Extracapsular cataract extraction with posterior chamber lens implantation in
      glaucomatous eyes].

PMID- 3391485
TI  - [Extracapsular cataract extraction with posterior chamber lens implantation in
      patients with glaucoma].

PMID- 3391486
TI  - [Comparison of the preservation of human corneas in different culture media at
      room temperature and 31 C].

PMID- 3391488
TI  - [Use of the Merieux multitest in the evaluation of the cellular immunoreactivity
      of patients with malignant melanoma of the choroid].

PMID- 3391487
TI  - [Irradiation of the eye before enucleation because of choroid melanoma?].

PMID- 3391489
TI  - [Diagnosis and therapy of bacterial infections after filtration surgery].

PMID- 3391490
TI  - [Serum antibodies against Chlamydia trachomatis in patients without Chlamydia
      specific disease symptoms].

PMID- 3391491
TI  - [Phlegmon of the upper eyelids of unclear etiology].

PMID- 3391492
TI  - [Unclear disease of the papilla with unusual findings in retinal and choroidal
      circulation].

PMID- 3391493
TI  - Social service today from "giver" to "broker".

PMID- 3391494
TI  - From courier to courier coordinator.

PMID- 3391495
TI  - [The morphological classification and the genesis of intramural gallstones in
      humans].

PMID- 3391496
TI  - [Significance of the measurement of urinary excretion of catecholamines as
      indicators of stress-response to surgery].

PMID- 3391497
TI  - Binding of imipramine to platelet membranes is reduced in panic attacks.
AB  - The binding of imipramine (IMI) to platelet membranes was investigated in 13
      patients suffering from panic attacks (PA), in 5 patients affected by
      schizophrenic disorder (S), and in 11 healthy volunteers (V). From 6 volunteers,
      from 5 patients with panic attacks, and from all the schizophrenic patients,
      blood samples were collected in the spring, whereas from the others the samples
      were collected in the autumn. IMI binding was studied according to a protocol
      provided by the WHO. Binding parameters, the maximum binding capacity (Bmax), and
      the dissociation constant (Kd) were measured after construction of the Scatchard
      plot. The differences between V and PA and between V and S were tested by
      analysis of variance followed by a t-test. Overall and intragroup relationships
      between Bmax or Kd and diagnosis and season were assessed by a 2-way analysis of
      variance (ANOVA). Bmax (mean +/- SD) was 947 +/- 269 (V), 742 +/- 160 (PA), and
      712 +/- 254 (S) fmol/mg protein. V was different from PA (P less than 0.04) and
      from S (P less than 0.01). Kd (mean +/- SD) was 1.41 +/- 0.6 (V), 1.15 +/- 0.6
      (PA), and 0.79 +/- 0.20 (S) nM. V was different from S only (P less than 0.01).
      Our results show that panic attacks and schizophrenia decrease the binding
      capacity of IMI in platelets. In addition, we found a significant difference
      between patients and controls only for the samples taken in the spring. No
      statistically significant difference was detectable between the 2 groups in the
      autumn samples.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3391498
TI  - [Radioimmunoassay of nonenzymatically glucosylated albumin].
AB  - A radioimmunoassay (RIA), to quantitate nonenzymatically glucosylated albumin
      (GA), was established. Antiserum A was obtained by immunizing guinea pigs with
      reduced glucosylated guinea pig albumin (RedGlc-GPA), and antiserum B was
      obtained by immunizing with reduced glucosylated human albumin (RedGlc-HA) and
      absorbing the antibody against human native albumin. For antiserum A; RedGlc-GPA
      and NaBH4-reduced guinea pig serum, in which epsilon-N-1-(1-deoxy glucitol)
      lysine (GL) was present, were effective competitors. But NaBH4-reduced human
      serum, NaBH4-reduced human hemoglobin, and RedGlc-HA, in which GL were also
      present, were not so effective competitors. For antiserum B; RedGlc-HA, and
      RedGlc-GPA, in which GL were present, and GL were equally effective competitors.
      Thus it seemed that for antiserum A, the antigenic region was not only GL, and
      for antiserum B, the antigenic region was GL almost specifically. So we used
      antiserum B for this RIA, and GA in NaBH4-reduced human albumin was quantitated
      by measuring its ability to compete for antibody binding, compared with that of
      GL as a standard. Reproducibility of GA-values with this RIA was a enough to use
      for clinical purpose. With this RIA method, the following results were obtained:
      1) These GA values were correlated with GA values, measured by boronate-affinity
      chromatographic method. 2) Average of GA values in 44 diabetics was significantly
      higher than that of 24 normal subjects. 3) These GA values were also correlated
      with HbA1, HbA1c, and fasting blood sugar (FBS). 4) These GA values were more
      closely correlated with FBS, 2 weeks before, than with FBS, at the same time, and
      with FBS, 4 weeks before. 5) After insulin treatment to untreated diabetics,
      these GA values were more rapidly decreased than HbA1c. These result indicated
      that GA values quantitated in this RIA was available for monitoring blood sugar
      level for shorter period than that represented by HbA1c.

PMID- 3391499
TI  - [A central mechanism augments ventilation of the dependent lung on the lateral
      decubitus position].
AB  - Spontaneously increased ventilation of the dependent lung on the lateral
      decubitus position compensates for the gravitational shift of the pulmonary blood
      flow to this side. The present study indicates that the hemilateral predominant
      ventilation is centrally controlled, though it has previously been attributed to
      the peripheral mechanisms with simple changes in the mechanical properties
      between the two lungs. A series of chest roentgenograms taken at every 0.3
      seconds during normal breathing in healthy 6 volunteers showed that the
      diaphragmatic movement was significantly larger on the dependent side (20.4 +/-
      7.5 mm, M +/- SD) than on the other (12.1 +/- 4.4 mm). Thoracic or mediastinal
      movement was minimal on either side. Expired minute ventilation (VE), peak
      inspiratory pressure (PIP)and airway occlusion pressure (P0.1) were measured on
      each of the lungs separated with an endobronchial tube in 14 subjects. At light
      levels of halothane anesthesia (0.2-0.4% in oxygen). VE of the dependent lung was
      larger than that of the nondependent lung by 56%. PIP and P0.1 were also larger
      on the dependent side by 61% and 36%, respectively. At deeper levels of
      anesthesia (halothane 1.4-2.2%), the predominant ventilation of the dependent
      lung was absent and VE, PIP or P0.1 no longer differed significantly between the
      lungs. Augmented P0.1 on the dependent side seemed to be essential to produce
      larger PIP and VE. It is considered that the more widely stretched diaphragm on
      the dependent side sends stronger muscle afferent signals to increase
      excitability of the phrenic neurons producing augmented inspiratory driving
      force.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3391500
TI  - [Study of the correlation between severity of hypertension and the left
      ventricular mass and left ventricular functions].
AB  - The correlation between the severity of hypertension and the left ventricular
      mass and left ventricular functions were studied in normal controls (n = 6) and
      essential hypertensives (n = 37). And we studied the factors that influence on
      the severity of hypertension by discriminant analysis. Thirty-seven hypertensives
      were divided into three groups (WHO I 16, WHO II 16, WHO III 5). The left
      ventricular mass (LVM) was calculated by X-ray computed tomography. The
      %fractional shortening (%FS), mean Vcf (mVcf) and ejection fraction (EF) were
      obtained as left ventricular systolic function by echocardiogram. The left
      ventricular diastolic posterior wall velocity (PWVd) and left ventricular rapid
      filling volume/stroke volume (RFV/SV) were obtained as left ventricular diastolic
      function by echocardiogram. The LVMs (g/m2) of controls, WHO I, WHO II and WHO
      III were 92 +/- 14, 113 +/- 23, 155 +/- 56 and 237 +/- 38. The LVM were great as
      the stage of hypertension was deteriorated. The left ventricular diastolic
      function was impaired as hypertension exacerbated. The left ventricular systolic
      function was not changed in four groups including controls. The LVM was
      significantly well correlated with systolic blood pressure (r = 0.48, p less than
      0.01), diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.30, p less than 0.05), cardiothoracic
      ratio (r = 0.36, p less than 0.05), SV1 + RV5 on ECG (r = 0.66, p less than
      0.001) and left ventricular diastolic function (PWVd; r = 0.49, p less than 0.01,
      RFV/SV; r = 0.52, p less than 0.001). But, the LVM was poor correlated with left
      ventricular systolic function. Depending on the discriminant analysis, the LVM
      and left ventricular diastolic function had significantly well influence on the
      severity of hypertension and ECG abnormality. As using the LVM calculated by
      computed tomography, we have exactly and useful informations of essential
      hypertension.

PMID- 3391501
TI  - Effects of vitamin A and ethanol on liver plasma membrane fluidity.
AB  - To study possible mechanisms whereby vitamin A and ethanol may affect liver
      plasma membranes, rats were fed liquid diets containing either 6 international
      units of vitamin A per kcal or 5 times more, with or without ethanol (36% of
      total energy as isocaloric substitution for carbohydrate). Vitamin A
      supplementation resulted in 2- to 3-fold increases of liver plasma membrane free
      retinol (p less than 0.005) and retinyl esters (p less than 0.001), particularly
      esters of palmitate and oleate, whereas cholesterol esters did not change. The
      fluorescent probe 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene revealed decreased fluidity as
      measured by an increase in fluorescence polarization which correlated
      significantly with retinyl palmitate plus oleate content in membranes. In rats
      fed ethanol chronically, we first verified our previous observation of a decrease
      in liver plasma membrane fluorescence polarization. We now find this effect to be
      associated with (and possibly due to) an increase of cholesterol ester content.
      In linear regression analysis, the change in fluorescence polarization correlated
      positively with vitamin A (p less than 0.02) and negatively with cholesterol
      ester contents (p less than 0.001). Ethanol feeding partially offset the effect
      of vitamin A supplementation on fluorescence polarization. We conclude from these
      observations that liver plasma membranes contain a significant amount of vitamin
      A, that vitamin A supplementation increases membrane fluorescence polarization
      and that chronic ethanol administration can interfere with this effect.

PMID- 3391502
TI  - Influence of male hormones on rates of ethanol elimination in man.
AB  - The effect of a reduction in androgens on ethanol elimination was determined in
      man. Bilateral therapeutic orchiectomy in nine patients for prostatic carcinoma
      decreased mean plasma testosterone levels from 489.8 +/- 31.2 (S.E.) ng per dl to
      55.3 +/- 3.8 ng per dl and resulted in an increase in the rate of ethanol
      elimination in seven patients, no change in one, and a decrease in one. The mean
      rate of ethanol elimination for all nine patients increased from 83.6 +/- 4.0 to
      100.4 +/- 4.2 mg per kg body weight per hr (p less than 0.02). The most likely
      mechanism for an increase in ethanol elimination after orchiectomy is an increase
      in liver alcohol dehydrogenase content, which remains to be demonstrated in man.

PMID- 3391503
TI  - Correlation of hepatocyte HBsAg expression with virus replication and liver
      pathology.
AB  - To elucidate the biologic significance of hepatocyte HBsAg, its expression
      patterns were correlated with virus replication and liver pathology in 578 liver
      biopsies taken from chronic HBsAg carriers aged 1 to 80 years. Five major
      patterns of hepatocyte HBsAg were identified: homogeneous [intense and discrete,
      (Pattern A), faint and discrete, (Pattern B) and faint and grouped (Pattern C)];
      globular or spotty (Pattern D), and marginal (Pattern E). Pattern A was always
      associated with viremia and also very frequently with membrane HBsAg expression,
      but rarely with active liver disease. It occurred most commonly in HBeAg-positive
      carrier children and young adults, reflecting an early immune tolerance phase
      with active virus replication. Pattern B was also usually associated with
      viremia, but very commonly associated with active disease (70%), reflecting
      active virus replication with enhanced immune response. Pattern E (marginal
      HBsAg), which was always in group distribution resembling a clonal expansion,
      predominated the HBeAg-negative phase and was associated with absence of viremia
      and occurred mostly in older adults with inactive bipolar disease spectrum
      (normal liver/mild disease or cirrhosis/hepatocellular carcinoma); this reflects
      a late phase of inactive virus replication or integration. Patterns C and D did
      not correlate well with viremia, but also tended to have inactive diseases as did
      Pattern E. These findings suggest that hepatocyte HBsAg expression is closely
      related to the natural course of chronic hepatitis B virus infection.

PMID- 3391504
TI  - In vitro hepatitis B virus suppression of erythropoiesis is dependent on the
      multiplicity of infection and is reversible with anti-HBs antibodies.
AB  - Exposure of human bone marrow mononuclear cells to hepatitis B virus results in
      the suppression of the in vitro growth of several hematopoietic progenitor cells.
      We studied the degree of inhibition of erythroid progenitor cells that results as
      a function of the time of exposure of mononuclear cells to hepatitis B virus and
      the ratio of virus to mononuclear cells, the multiplicity of infection. With an
      overnight incubation of mononuclear cells with hepatitis B virus-containing sera,
      a multiplicity of infection of greater than one virus per mononuclear cell is
      required to observe significant inhibition of erythroid colony formation. This
      multiplicity of infection effect is also observed with purified Dane particles.
      Exposure of mononuclear cells to an increasing number of Dane particles results
      in a dose-dependent suppression of erythroid colony formation with significant
      inhibition observed with a multiplicity of infection of virus to mononuclear
      cells as low as 5:1. Murine monoclonal antibodies to HBsAg completely neutralize
      the hepatitis B virus-mediated inhibition of CFU-E while control antibodies do
      not. Purified HBsAg has no effect on colony formation. In conclusion, the
      hepatitis B virus-mediated inhibition of erythrogenesis in vitro provides a basis
      for understanding the bone marrow depression observed during hepatitis B virus
      infections and may provide an in vitro model for examining hepatitis B virus
      infection.

PMID- 3391505
TI  - IgG and IgM autoantiidiotype antibodies against antibody to HBsAg in chronic
      hepatitis B.
AB  - Antibody directed against HBsAg carries idiotypic determinants that may induce an
      autoantiidiotype antibody response. We describe a solid-phase radioimmunoassay
      which allows specific detection of either IgG or IgM antibody to antibody
      directed against HBsAg. Among 138 chronic hepatitis B virus carriers, IgG
      autoantiidiotype was detected in 98 (71%) and IgM autoantiidiotype in 10 (80%).
      The autoantiidiotype reaction was blocked with antibody directed against HBsAg
      after removal of immune complexes by polyethylene glycol precipitation. The
      prevalence and levels of both classes of autoantiidiotype antibodies were highest
      in patients with hepatitis B virus DNA or HBeAg in serum. During follow-up,
      patients who lost hepatitis B virus DNA and HBeAg from serum had lower titers of
      autoantiidiotype and were less likely to have autoantiidiotype than patients who
      persisted in having hepatitis B virus DNA and HBeAg in serum. Thus, the presence
      and titer of autoantiidiotype correlated with serologic evidence of active viral
      replication in chronic hepatitis B. These findings suggest that the antibody
      directed against HBsAg response may play a role in modulating viral replication
      in chronic hepatitis B.

PMID- 3391506
TI  - The effect of retinol on Ito cell proliferation in vitro.
AB  - Hepatic sinusoidal fat-storing Ito cells are felt to represent the primary
      storage site for hepatic vitamin A and may be important collagen-producing
      effector cells during hepatic fibrogenesis. The cirrhotic liver generally has a
      decreased vitamin A content with increased numbers of "transitional"
      myofibroblasts adjacent to developing fibrous bands. It has been suggested that
      Ito cells "transform" into these myofibroblasts. The in vivo loss of Ito cell
      vitamin A can be simulated in vitro as Ito cells spontaneously lose their vitamin
      A lipid droplets during primary culture. The current study evaluated Ito cell
      proliferation in vitro with respect to vitamin A content and the extracellular
      collagen matrix. The cells were grown on a Type I or Type IV collagen matrix to
      simulate the types of collagens presumed to be present in the space of Disse.
      Initially it was observed that freshly isolated Ito cells begin to proliferate
      several days after isolation coincident with the decline of the vitamin A lipid
      droplets and a decrease in cellular retinyl palmitate. The proliferation rate for
      passaged Ito cells was similar on either matrix (on Type I collagen: T 1/2 = 2.2
      +/- 1.1 days, n = 16; on Type IV collagen: T 1/2 = 3.3 +/- 1.4 days, n = 4; p
      less than 0.11). This proliferation rate remained constant through Cell
      Generation 16 and was similar to the rate for primary Ito cells in culture. To
      evaluate the possibility that primary Ito cell proliferation is causally related
      to the loss of vitamin A, Ito cells were re-exposed to an increased concentration
      of retinol in vitro.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3391507
TI  - Hepatocytes may produce laminin in fibrotic liver and in primary culture.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that laminin is present in basement membranes in
      normal liver but failed to identify cellular sources. We have investigated the
      extracellular and intracellular distribution of laminin in normal rat and human
      liver, in fibrotic human liver and in primary hepatocyte cultures from both
      species by light and electron microscopy using the indirect immunoperoxidase
      technique. In normal liver from both species, antibodies to laminin strongly
      stained basement membranes and formed discontinuous discrete deposits in the wall
      of the sinusoid. Vascular endothelial and bile duct cells as well as fat-storing
      cells and sinusoidal endothelial cells strongly stained for this glycoprotein
      while hepatocytes were negative. In fibrotic human liver, increased amounts of
      extracellular laminin were usually found. Continuous deposition in the space of
      Disse was observed in some cases. In addition to fat-storing cells and
      endothelial cells, hepatocytes were also sometimes positive. Normal rat and human
      hepatocytes synthesize and secrete laminin in conventional culture, but it
      remains soluble in the medium. By contrast, in coculture with another rat liver
      cell type, laminin accumulated around hepatocyte cords. These observations
      suggest that fat-storing cells and endothelial cells are the major sites of
      production of laminin in normal liver. However, when their environment is altered
      (e.g., liver injury, culture), adult hepatocytes are able to synthesize
      detectable amounts of laminin.

PMID- 3391509
TI  - Renal sodium retention in cirrhosis: tubular site and relation to hepatic
      dysfunction.
AB  - Renal sodium handling, assessed by the response to acute saline loading, was
      investigated in 14 well-compensated, nonascitic alcoholic cirrhotics and six
      normal controls. Urinary sodium excretion in cirrhotic patients (199 +/- 141
      mumoles per min) was significantly lower than in controls (387 +/- 104 mumoles
      per min; p less than 0.01) at 3 hr postinfusion. In contrast to controls, renal
      plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate did not increase in the cirrhotics in
      response to acute saline loading. Proximal fractional reabsorption of sodium was
      estimated by clearance techniques in the presence of a hypotonic diuresis.
      Cirrhotic subjects with impaired functional liver cell mass as assessed by
      antipyrine clearance were unable to decrease proximal fractional reabsorption of
      sodium significantly in response to saline loading. Assessment in the cirrhotics
      included measurement of hepatic vein pressure gradient, indocyanine green
      extraction ratio, indocyanine green clearance, and antipyrine clearance as
      indices of portal pressure, intrahepatic shunting, hepatic blood flow and
      functional hepatocellular mass, respectively. Urinary sodium excretion in the
      cirrhotics correlated strongly with antipyrine clearance (r = 0.839, p less than
      0.0001) and weakly with portal pressure (r = 0.562, p = 0.037). No correlation
      was seen with the other indices of hepatic blood flow and shunting. The findings
      of this study suggest that alcoholic cirrhosis is associated with a decline in
      hepatocellular function which results in either a decreased clearance of a salt
      retaining hormone or decreased synthesis of a natriuretic hormone.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3391508
TI  - Increased production of collagen in vivo by hepatocytes and nonparenchymal cells
      in rats with carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic fibrosis.
AB  - We have shown, using the proline:ornithine dual label method, that in normal
      rats, hepatocytes contribute in vivo about 80 to 90% of the newly synthesized
      hepatic collagen. In order to quantify the contribution of hepatocytes and
      nonparenchymal cells to collagen synthesis in vivo in hepatic fibrogenesis, rats
      with CCl4-induced liver fibrosis were given [5(3H)]proline and [14C]ornithine
      intraperitoneally. About 80% of the 14C in albumin and transferrin was present as
      arginine, following conversion of [14C]ornithine via the urea cycle. In contrast
      to hepatocyte proteins, in nonparenchymal cells and serum a negligible percentage
      of the radioactivity was present as [14C]arginine. These combined findings
      indicate that, in spite of the hepatocellular damage, the labeling of hepatocyte
      proteins was efficient and specific, validating the use of the proline:ornithine
      method in this experimental model of hepatic fibrosis. We calculated the
      [3H]proline/[14C]arginine ratio in hepatic collagen (after correcting for the
      relative frequencies of amino acids) as a percentage of the same ratio in either
      albumin or transferrin, the index hepatocyte proteins. In this experimental
      model, during active fibrogenesis, both hepatocytes and nonparenchymal cells
      increase their production of collagen 2-fold when compared to normal animals, and
      hepatocytes produce the majority of the newly synthesized hepatic collagen.

PMID- 3391510
TI  - Comparative study of aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity in normal rats and rats with
      experimental cirrhosis.
AB  - Several authors have suggested that the risk of developing aminoglycoside
      nephrotoxicity is greater in cirrhotic patients than in the noncirrhotic
      population. However, this has not been confirmed by other investigators. To
      compare the intensity and characteristics of aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity in
      cirrhotic and normal rats, 31 rats with carbon tetrachloride-induced cirrhosis
      with ascites and 35 control rats were treated with gentamicin. Each group of rats
      was divided into two subgroups in order to receive 10 or 40 mg per kg per day of
      gentamicin, and different subsets of animals were killed on Days 4, 8 and 12 of
      treatment for renal histological examination and determination of renal tissue
      gentamicin concentration. Urine volume, osmolality, sodium excretion and N-acetyl
      beta-D-glucosaminidase activity were measured daily throughout the study.
      Creatinine clearance and trough plasma concentration of gentamicin were
      determined in each animal immediately before killing. There were no significant
      differences between cirrhotic and control rats in relation to the magnitude of
      changes in urine volume, osmolality, sodium excretion and N-acetyl-beta-D
      glucosaminidase activity and creatinine clearance during gentamicin
      administration. The values of a histopathological score semiquantitatively
      assessing the renal morphological changes observed by light microscopy were not
      significantly different in cirrhotic and control rats. In addition, similar
      trough plasma and renal cortical tissue concentrations of gentamicin were
      observed in both groups of animals. These results suggest that, in this
      experimental model, cirrhosis does not increase the risk for aminoglycoside
      nephrotoxicity.

PMID- 3391511
TI  - Effects of verapamil on hepatic and systemic hemodynamics and liver function in
      patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension.
AB  - The effects of verapamil on hepatic and systemic hemodynamics and on liver
      function were investigated in 10 patients with portal hypertension due to
      advanced micronodular cirrhosis to verify whether, as it has been suggested, this
      calcium channel blocker may improve liver function and reduce portal pressure in
      these patients. The oral administration of 100 mg of verapamil caused systemic
      vasodilation, evidenced by a significant reduction in mean arterial pressure (
      8.1 +/- 7.6%, p less than 0.025) and systemic vascular resistance (-12.5 +/-
      9.5%, p less than 0.001), and increased heart rate (+13.9 +/- 10.4%, p less than
      0.01). However, no beneficial effect was noted on portal pressure evaluated by
      hepatic vein catheterization (baseline 19.8 +/- 4.0, verapamil 20.2 +/- 3.6 mmHg,
      NS), hepatic blood flow (1.45 +/- 0.64 vs. 1.47 +/- 0.62 liters per min, NS) and
      hepatic vascular resistance (1.314 +/- 611 vs. 1,266 +/- 513 dyn per sec per cm
      5, NS). Similarly, no change was observed in portal blood flow, measured in six
      patients by pulsed Doppler flowmeter (0.94 +/- 0.30 vs. 0.89 +/- 0.35 liter per
      min, NS). In addition, verapamil did not increase the hepatic intrinsic clearance
      of these patients (0.20 +/- 0.07 vs. 0.19 +/- 0.06 liter per min, NS). This study
      suggests that verapamil is of no beneficial effect in patients with advanced
      cirrhosis of the liver.

PMID- 3391513
TI  - Effects of vasopressin on the intravariceal pressure in patients with cirrhosis:
      comparison with the effects on portal pressure.
AB  - The present study investigated to what extent measurements of wedged and free
      hepatic venous pressures adequately reflect the effects of vasopressin at the
      esophageal varices in patients with cirrhosis. Eleven patients undergoing
      therapeutic sclerotherapy were studied by measuring wedged hepatic venous
      pressure, intravariceal pressure, free hepatic venous pressure, superior vena
      cava pressure and the intravascular pressure gradients wedged hepatic venous
      pressure-free hepatic venous pressure and intravariceal pressure-superior vena
      cava pressure, prior to and after vasopressin injection (1 IU, iv). Vasopressin
      caused a significant reduction in intravariceal pressure (from 22.5 +/- 9.4 to
      19.2 +/- 8.4 mm Hg, p less than 0.001). Measurement of wedged hepatic venous
      pressure and free hepatic venous pressure closely reflected the reduction in
      variceal pressure. Thus, wedged hepatic venous pressure decreased by 16 +/- 11%,
      which is close to the 14 +/- 7% change in intravariceal pressure, and the 23 +/-
      12% fall in the pressure gradient wedged hepatic venous pressure-free hepatic
      venous pressure was mirrored by the 26 +/- 10% change in intravariceal pressure
      superior vena cava pressure. These pressure gradients decreased more than the
      absolute pressures (intravariceal pressure and wedged hepatic venous pressure)
      due to concomitant increases in superior vena cava pressure (1.9 +/- 1.9 mm Hg)
      and free hepatic venous pressure (0.6 +/- 1.9 mm Hg).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3391512
TI  - Diet composition and surgical technique influence the postoperative recovery of
      portacaval shunted rats.
AB  - In a series of experiments, rats were subjected to end-to-side portacaval shunts
      using either suture or nonsuture surgical procedures. Rats were maintained on
      cereal-based or purified diets in pellet form. All rats recovered preoperative
      body weights within the experimental periods; however, recovery of preoperative
      body weight was influenced by surgical technique and diet composition. Portacaval
      shunted rats fed a cereal-based diet required a longer period of time (14 days)
      to reattain preoperative body weights when compared to portacaval shunted rats
      fed a purified diet (7 days). Once preoperative body weight was recovered, growth
      rates of portacaval shunted rats were parallel to those of sham-operated
      controls. Rats with a suture-portacaval shunt appeared most sensitive to the
      feeding of a cereal-based diet. All portacaval shunted rats and sham controls fed
      a purified diet regained preoperative body weights within 7 days after surgery.
      Sham controls fed either a cereal-based or purified diet recovered preoperative
      body weights within an average of 4 days. Suture-portacaval shunted rats
      consuming a pellet form cereal-based diet showed a low feed efficiency which
      could be reversed by feeding a pellet form purified diet. Rats subjected to a
      nonsuture glue-portacaval shunt and fed a cereal-based diet showed 50% lower feed
      efficiencies than did glue-portacaval shunted rats fed a purified diet.
      Portacaval shunted rats decreased their consumption of cereal-based diets but not
      of purified diets postoperatively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3391514
TI  - Computer simulation of portal venous shunting and other isolated hepatobiliary
      defects of the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids using a physiological
      pharmacokinetic model.
AB  - The effect of three isolated defects in the enterohepatic circulation of bile
      acids on the size and distribution of the bile acid pool, plasma bile acid levels
      and bile acid secretion into the intestine was simulated using a linear
      multicompartmental physiological pharmacokinetic model previously used to
      simulate these aspects of bile acid metabolism in healthy man. Stepwise increases
      in portal-systemic shunting (with a reciprocal decrease in hepatic blood flow)
      caused an exponential increase in systemic plasma concentrations of bile acids,
      but no other major changes in bile acid metabolism. When the effect of varying
      fractional hepatic extraction was simulated, it was found that the greater the
      fractional hepatic extraction, the greater the elevation observed for systemic
      plasma bile acid levels for a given degree of portal-systemic shunting. When
      total hepatic blood flow was restored to normal by simulating "arterialization,"
      systemic plasma levels of bile acids decreased strikingly, yet remained elevated.
      For cholate with a fractional hepatic extraction of 0.9 and 100% portal-systemic
      shunting, arterialization caused a decrease from a 20-fold elevation to a 5-fold
      elevation. This simulation thus defined the effect of the presence of the portal
      venous system per se on plasma bile acid levels and also quantified the
      circulatory route by which substances reach the liver when portal-systemic
      shunting is present. An isolated defect in hepatic uptake of bile acids caused
      little change in overall bile acid metabolism other than modestly increased
      plasma levels. Loss of bile acid storage by the gallbladder caused the majority
      of the bile acid pool to move from the gallbladder compartments to the proximal
      small intestine during fasting but had little effect on the dynamics of the
      enterohepatic circulation during eating. The results of these novel simulations
      of isolated defects in bile acid transport should aid in the interpretation of
      the more complex changes in bile acid metabolism which are likely to occur in
      hepatic or biliary disease.

PMID- 3391515
TI  - Feedback regulation of bile acid synthesis in the rat by dietary vs. intravenous
      cholate or taurocholate.
AB  - The regulation of bile acid synthesis was studied (i) in intact or colectomized
      rats receiving cholate or taurocholate as a dietary supplement and (ii) in
      experiments using chow-fed animals with a graded intravenous or intraduodenal
      taurocholate infusion. After the 2-week diet period a bile fistula was
      established and rates of taurocholate, tauromuricholate and
      taurochenodeoxycholate secretion were quantitated by high-performance liquid
      chromatography. During the infusion experiments taurocholate production was
      calculated from the difference in specific activity of [14C]taurocholate between
      infusate and bile, whereas tauromuricholate and taurochenodeoxycholate synthesis
      was derived directly from their secretion rates after pool depletion. Both the
      0.5% cholate and taurocholate diet suppressed tauromuricholate and
      taurochenodeoxycholate secretion nearly totally, but only cholate led to a
      prolonged inhibition taurocholate synthesis. The diets stimulated total bile acid
      secretion and expanded the total bile acid pool size 2- to 3-fold, but they also
      prompted a dramatic increase in the biliary secretion of taurodeoxycholate. In
      contrast, colectomized animals did not secrete taurodeoxycholate following the
      cholate diet and, despite a comparable increase in bile acid pool size,
      tauromuricholate and taurochenodeoxycholate secretion was inhibited to a lesser
      extent. In addition, the rate of bile acid secretion and synthesis was
      significantly enhanced when compared to that of intact rats. To determine whether
      taurocholate affected bile acid synthesis directly, the bile acid was infused
      intravenously or intraduodenally at varying rates up to 300 mumoles per kg per hr
      for 54 hr, i.e. a rate exceeding normal total bile acid secretion in these acute
      bile fistula animals nearly 3-fold.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3391516
TI  - Hepatotoxic bile acids increase cytosolic Ca++ activity of isolated rat
      hepatocytes.
AB  - Effects of bile acids on cystolic Ca++ activity and cell viability of isolated
      rat hepatocytes were studied to test the hypothesis that bile acids may produce
      hepatotoxicity by increasing cystolic Ca++ activity. Changes in cystolic Ca++
      activity were calculated from time-dependent changes in fluorescence of quin-2
      loaded hepatocytes. Release of lactate dehydrogenase and changes in propodium
      iodide fluorescence were used to assess cell viability. Bile acids studied were
      unconjugated and taurine-conjugated cholate, chenodeoxycholate (and
      taurochenodeoxycholate), deoxycholate (and taurodeoxycholate) and lithocholate
      (and taurolithocholate). With the exception of cholate and taurocholate, bile
      acids increased cystolic Ca++ activity within 10 to 30 sec in a concentration
      dependent fashion (0.05 to 1.0 mM) and in the order lithocholate =
      taurolithocholate greater than chenodeoxycholate = taurochenodeoxycholate =
      deoxycholate = taurodeoxycholate. The initial increase in cystolic Ca++ activity
      by bile acids was not due to cell damage, since bile acid-induced decreases in
      cell viability were not significant until 2 to 3 min. At higher concentrations of
      unconjugated bile acid, there was a secondary increase in quin-2 fluorescence
      corresponding temporally to the increase in propodium iodide fluorescence,
      indicating cell damage after the initial increase in cystolic Ca++ activity. The
      ability of conjugated and unconjugated bile acids to increase cystolic Ca++
      activity was abolished and decreased (60 to 90%), respectively, in the absence of
      extracellular Ca++, indicating that extracellular Ca++ is the major source of the
      bile acid-induced increase in cystolic Ca++ activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3391518
TI  - Phospholipids and bile acids as diffusional carriers of Na+ across nonpolar
      media.
AB  - Phospholipids and bile acids, by virtue of their amphiphilic properties, can
      interact in nonpolar media forming "inverted" structures (micelles) which
      presumably have an hydrophilic core and might act as diffusional carriers
      (ionophores) of electrolytes across low dielectric constant media or lipid
      membranes. The Na+ ionophoretic capability of various purified phospholipids and
      the modulating effects of bile acids and phosphatidylcholine was examined by: (a)
      measurement of 22Na+ partition into the organic phase (chloroform) of a two-phase
      system and (b) direct measurement of the translocation of 22Na+ across a bulk
      chloroform phase separating two aqueous phases in a Pressman cell. All
      phospholipids tested, except for phosphatidylcholine, showed ionophoretic
      capability for Na+ at micromolar concentrations. Cardiolipin and
      phosphatidylserine were the most efficient Na+ carriers, comparable with
      monensin, an established Na+ ionophore. In contrast, cholic acid as well as other
      bile acids demonstrated only marginal or no Na+ ionophoretic capability. However,
      hydroxylated bile acids (particularly cholic acid), sodium dodecyl sulfate and
      Triton X-100, which can induce and stabilize inverted structures in lipid
      membranes, were able to increase 5- to 8-fold the phospholipid-mediated Na+
      transport. Interaction of cardiolipin with Na+ in the chloroform phase followed a
      rectangular hyperbolic function with an apparent Kd within the physiological Na+
      concentration range (16.9 +/- 5.1 mM). Addition of cholic acid to the cardiolipin
      containing organic phase resulted in a 10-fold increase of maximal Na+ uptake and
      no change in apparent Kd. The effect of cholic acid on both cardiolipin-mediated
      Na+ partition and Na+ translocation across the chloroform phase showed a marked
      dependence on pH, being greater at pH 7.4.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3391517
TI  - Regulation of bile acid synthesis. II. Effect of bile acid feeding on enzymes
      regulating hepatic cholesterol and bile acid synthesis in the rat.
AB  - Bile acid synthesis is believed to be regulated by bile salts returning to the
      liver via the portal vein and suppressing cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase, the
      rate-limiting enzyme in the bile acid biosynthesis pathway. In order to
      characterize the relative effectiveness of bile salts in regulating bile acid
      synthesis, seven different bile acids were administered (1% w/w in chow) to rats
      over a 14-day period. Biliary bile salt composition was determined from bile
      samples obtained prior to killing; in all cases, the fed bile acid became the
      predominant bile salt in bile. The specific activities of microsomal cholesterol
      7 alpha-hydroxylase, HMG-CoA reductase and acylconenzyme A:cholesterol
      acyltransferase were determined after killing. Hydrophilic bile salts
      (ursocholic, hyocholic, ursodeoxycholic and hyodeoxycholic) did not inhibit HMG
      CoA reductase or cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase activities. By contrast, more
      hydrophobic bile salts (cholic, chenodeoxycholic and deoxycholic) inhibited the
      activities of these two enzymes in order of increasing hydrophobicity. Neither
      hydrophobic nor hydrophilic bile salts inhibited acylcoenzyme A:cholesterol
      acyltransferase activity. No consistent effect of bile acid feeding on total
      microsomal cholesterol was observed. Based on the results of these studies, we
      propose that the hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance of the bile acid pool may play
      an important role in the regulation of bile acid synthesis. We postulate that the
      activities of cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase and HMG-CoA reductase may be
      regulated by hydrophobic bile acid-induced changes in the lipid composition and
      physicochemical properties (fluidity) of the microsomal membranes to which both
      of these rate-limiting enzymes are attached.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3391519
TI  - The epidemiology of gallstone disease in Rome, Italy. Part I. Prevalence data in
      men. The Rome Group for Epidemiology and Prevention of Cholelithiasis (GREPCO).
AB  - A population of male civil servants in Rome, Italy, was investigated to determine
      the prevalence of symptomatic and asymptomatic gallstone disease. Field
      activities started in December, 1982 and were concluded in July, 1984. Diagnosis
      was made using real-time ultrasonography. Participation in the study was 71.5%.
      Prevalence of gallstone disease was 8.2% and increased with age from 2.3% in the
      20- to 25-year-old age group to 14.4% in the 60- to 69-year-old age group, based
      on both presence of gallstones and history of cholecystectomy. About one-third of
      the subjects with gallstone disease had previously been submitted to
      cholecystectomy. Only 7.7% of the subjects with presence of gallstones complained
      of at least one episode of biliary pain in the preceding 5 years. Frequency of
      "minor" dyspeptic symptoms was not different between men with and those without
      gallstones.

PMID- 3391520
TI  - The epidemiology of gallstone disease in Rome, Italy. Part II. Factors associated
      with the disease. The Rome Group for Epidemiology and Prevention of
      Cholelithiasis (GREPCO).
AB  - The epidemiological associations of gallstone disease were evaluated in a
      population of 2,325 civil servants (1,244 men and 1,081 women) in Rome, Italy,
      which was enrolled in a cross-sectional survey on cholelithiasis. Participants
      were screened for the presence of gallstones by gallbladder ultrasonography,
      completed a questionnaire on family and personal history and underwent a physical
      examination and blood chemistry. Statistically significant associations were
      established by univariate analysis of the age-standardized data and by step-wise
      multiple logistic regression. At univariate analysis, increasing age, serum
      triglycerides and number of cigarettes smoked per day, and decreasing high
      density lipoprotein-cholesterol were the conditions associated with the presence
      of gallstones in men. Age and parity were the correspondent associations in
      women. After controlling by multiple logistic regression, a different pattern of
      associated conditions emerged. In men, only age and serum triglycerides showed a
      significant positive association with gallstones, which was independent of other
      variables. In women, the presence of gallstones was independently associated with
      increasing age, number of pregnancies, body mass index and serum triglycerides,
      and with decreasing total (and low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol. The latter
      association was curvilinear in shape. The conditions associated with a history of
      cholecystectomy differed from those observed in subjects with gallstones, with
      the exceptions of age, in both sexes, and high serum triglycerides, in women.
      Fasting blood glucose levels were higher in women with a history of
      cholecystectomy than in those with or without gallstones, both at univariate and
      multiple logistic regression analyses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3391521
TI  - Cholesterol nucleation from its carriers in human bile.
AB  - This study was performed to determine whether biliary cholesterol nucleates
      primarily from vesicles or micelles. Twenty gallbladder biles and 12 hepatic
      biles from patients with gallstones as well as 16 model biles were examined. The
      nucleation times (days) of the biles as well as their isolated vesicular and
      micellar fractions were determined and their lipid composition was analyzed. In
      41 of 46 comparisons, cholesterol nucleated faster from vesicles than micelles;
      in only one case was the opposite found. The mean (+/- S.D.) nucleation times of
      vesicles and micelles in gallbladder biles were 8.9 +/- 5.4 vs. 15.4 +/- 8.6, in
      hepatic biles 14.6 +/- 9.4 vs. 20.6 +/- 9.1, and in model biles 9.0 +/- 3.7 vs.
      18.9 +/- 9.1 days, respectively. All these differences were significant (p less
      than 0.005). Gallbladder biles (n = 7) devoid of vesicles nucleated more slowly
      (9.0 +/- 9.5 days), as compared to gallbladder biles (n = 13) containing vesicles
      (3.8 +/- 2.2 days). The nucleation time of gallbladder and hepatic biles was
      significantly correlated with the nucleation time of the vesicles from these
      biles (r = 0.847, p less than 0.05). There was no correlation with the nucleation
      time of micelles from the same biles. The percentage of cholesterol carried by
      vesicles in bile was positively correlated to the molar percentage of biliary
      cholesterol and the cholesterol saturation index and negatively correlated to the
      molar percentage of bile salts. Our data suggest that phospholipid vesicles are
      the major vehicle for cholesterol precipitation in bile as well as an important
      determinant of the nucleation time of bile.

PMID- 3391522
TI  - Monoconjugated bilirubin is a major component of hemolysis-induced gallstones in
      mice.
AB  - The role of bilirubin conjugates in the formation of pigment gallstones is not
      known. In this study, we completely solubilized and then analyzed by high
      performance liquid chromatography specimens of black pigment gallstones from
      eight nb/nb mice with hereditary hemolytic anemia. Each dried gallstone specimen
      of about 200 micrograms was dissolved in 5 ml of dimethyl sulfoxide/0.15 M HCI/50
      mM disodium-EDTA (8:1:1 by volume) at room temperature. Stone dissolution was
      complete by 30 min as monitored by the A456 and direct observation, and no
      oxidative products of bilirubin were observed in the visible spectrum, 350 to 750
      nm. By high-performance liquid chromatography, the intact tetrapyrroles were
      separated as diconjugated and monoconjugated bilirubins; unconjugated bilirubin
      was resolved as XIII, IX and III alpha-isomers. The isocratic solvent system used
      was 0.1 M di-n-dodecylamine acetate/0.1 M di-n-octylamine acetate (4:1, v/v) in
      methanol, pH 7.4, at a flow of 1 ml per min. Diconjugated bilirubin accounted for
      6.0 +/- 2.4 molar % (mean +/- S.E.), monoconjugated bilirubin for 37.4 +/- 8.4%
      and unconjugated bilirubin for 56.3 +/- 8.9% of the solubilized pigments. The IX
      alpha-isomer represented 96 +/- 1.9% of the unconjugated bilirubin. The presence
      of bilirubin conjugates in gallstones was confirmed by ethylanthranilate
      diazotization: the conjugated azodipyrrole in stone had the same retention time
      as that of conjugated azodipyrrole from rat and mouse bile. A majority of the
      bilirubin conjugates was sensitive to beta-glucuronidase of liver origin,
      indicating that the C-1 glucuronide ester was present.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3391524
TI  - Liver disease, aminoglycoside antibiotics and renal dysfunction.

PMID- 3391523
TI  - Fragmentation of gallstones using extracorporeal shock waves: an in vitro study.
AB  - Eighty in vitro experiments were performed with single (n = 51) or multiple (n =
      29) gallstones in order to find out which parameters are of prime importance for
      their disintegration by extracorporeal shock waves. A Dornier lithotripter and an
      upper limit of 1,500 discharges were employed. Although computed tomography
      density was significantly lower in cholesterol stones than in the noncholesterol
      stones (p less than 0.0001) and although the latter were significantly more often
      radiopaque (p less than 0.0001), we found no clear-cut correlation between the
      cholesterol content or computed tomography density and the degree of
      fragmentation of the stones. The most important variable which limited successful
      disintegration was the total stone volume. In stones with a mean total volume of
      0.83 ml +/- 0.25 S.E. (diameter for single stones = 11.5 +/- 0.9 mm), none of the
      fragments exceeded 2 mm, whereas in stones with a mean volume of 3.6 ml +/- 0.64
      (diameter = 17.2 +/- 1.5 mm) at least one fragment larger than 2 mm remained (p
      less than 0.002). Under the in vitro conditions, fragmentation was similar in
      multiple and solitary stones, provided the volume of the stones was comparable.
      These data show that, in general, the number and size of the stones, i.e. their
      total volume, and much less significantly their chemical composition are the
      major determinants of fragmentation by extracorporeal shock waves.

PMID- 3391525
TI  - Hepatic cytoprotection by prostaglandins: theories unlimited.

PMID- 3391526
TI  - Is primary sclerosing cholangitis a progressive disease or not?

PMID- 3391527
TI  - Hypertriglyceridemia: a relative contraindication to the use of bile acid-binding
      resins?

PMID- 3391528
TI  - Chronic delta infection in a patient without detectable HBsAg in serum.

PMID- 3391529
TI  - Histologic classification and staging of multiple myeloma.

PMID- 3391530
TI  - Calcium metabolism and myeloma and the treatment of hypercalcemia.

PMID- 3391531
TI  - Special clinical problems with myeloma.

PMID- 3391532
TI  - Prognostic factors in multiple myeloma.

PMID- 3391533
TI  - Multiple Myeloma Workshop. Woodstock, Oxfordshire, UK, 14-16 October, 1987.
      Proceedings.

PMID- 3391534
TI  - A culture method for colonies of multiple myeloma cells.

PMID- 3391536
TI  - Religious behaviors and death anxiety in later life.

PMID- 3391537
TI  - Oral morphine solution: effect on pain, confusion, drowsiness, and nausea for the
      terminally ill patient.

PMID- 3391535
TI  - Physicians and the hospice decision: awareness, discussion, reasons and
      satisfaction.

PMID- 3391538
TI  - Appropriate death and the hospice program.

PMID- 3391540
TI  - Homemade rectal morphine sulphate suppositories.

PMID- 3391539
TI  - Balance and boundaries in grief counseling: an intervention framework for
      volunteer training.

PMID- 3391541
TI  - RN supply and demand.

PMID- 3391543
TI  - Faced with losses, Blues may pressure hospitals.

PMID- 3391542
TI  - Elderly demographics: impact on health care.

PMID- 3391545
TI  - NAHD survey: fund-raising yields high return.

PMID- 3391544
TI  - OTA: consumers need better data.

PMID- 3391546
TI  - "Today we saved a life": theme of fund-raising pitch.

PMID- 3391547
TI  - Rural hospitals rely more on outpatient revenue.

PMID- 3391548
TI  - Consent advised before AIDS-antibody tests.

PMID- 3391549
TI  - County agrees to shield ob/gyns from liability.

PMID- 3391550
TI  - Accountability: direct response helps marketers.

PMID- 3391551
TI  - Nursing, medical staffs critical to admitting doctors.

PMID- 3391552
TI  - Study hits charges of HMO favorable selection.

PMID- 3391553
TI  - Large HMOs use tax-exempt bonds for fiscal edge.

PMID- 3391554
TI  - Teaching hospitals learn to cope with ambulatory care.

PMID- 3391555
TI  - Future of not-for-profit mergers in question.

PMID- 3391556
TI  - AHA recommends clarification of data bank law.

PMID- 3391557
TI  - Surveys: more small businesses offer insurance.

PMID- 3391558
TI  - Mandated coverage: Massachusetts' ordeal.

PMID- 3391559
TI  - Consider closing to keep rurals open.

PMID- 3391560
TI  - R&D helps hospitals get a jump on competition.

PMID- 3391561
TI  - Who's to blame when physicians avoid computers?

PMID- 3391562
TI  - In search of the magic bullet for climbing costs.

PMID- 3391563
TI  - Utilization management: who's in charge?

PMID- 3391564
TI  - Toledo Hospital, Blue Cross plan in $2.5 billion suit.

PMID- 3391566
TI  - For-profit multis report results; new era predicted.

PMID- 3391565
TI  - AHA investment program offers five portfolios.

PMID- 3391567
TI  - Inflation, utilization boost expense pressures.

PMID- 3391568
TI  - AMCRA (American Medical Care and Review Association): HMOs confused about
      gatekeeper's role.

PMID- 3391570
TI  - Reviewing compliance can avoid tax challenge.

PMID- 3391569
TI  - Are marketers drowning in data?

PMID- 3391571
TI  - Wilk decision has impact--one year later.

PMID- 3391572
TI  - Insurers steer patients to certain institutions.

PMID- 3391573
TI  - AMA moves to give patients more bedside care.

PMID- 3391574
TI  - Clue to physician referral use: neighborhoods.

PMID- 3391575
TI  - Easing physician resistance to new ventures.

PMID- 3391577
TI  - Private companies control MRI market.

PMID- 3391579
TI  - Will wage inequities provoke worker walkout?

PMID- 3391580
TI  - Homelessness results from lack of jobs: public.

PMID- 3391578
TI  - AmHS (American Healthcare Systems) to pay dividend, reduce shareholder dues.

PMID- 3391576
TI  - Leasing firms seek out small and rural hospitals.

PMID- 3391581
TI  - Hospital alliances: bigger isn't always better.

PMID- 3391582
TI  - Dental development in protein-deprived infant rhesus monkeys.

PMID- 3391583
TI  - Fertility and mortality differentials among the tribal population groups of
      Bastar District, Madhya Pradesh, India.

PMID- 3391584
TI  - Measures of poor early growth are correlated with lower adult levels of thymosin
      alpha 1: results from the Normative Aging Study.

PMID- 3391585
TI  - Palmar interdigital ridge-counts in 45,X Turner syndrome.

PMID- 3391586
TI  - Age patterns of breast-feeding in Africa and the United States share a common
      functional form.

PMID- 3391587
TI  - Estimation of kinship and genetic distance from surnames.

PMID- 3391588
TI  - Seasonal patterns of birth and conception in rural highland Lesotho.

PMID- 3391589
TI  - [Trichloroacetic acid allergic arthritis. A case report].

PMID- 3391590
TI  - [Neoplastic angioendotheliosis. A clinicopathologic study of 1 case].

PMID- 3391591
TI  - [Serum lipids, HDL-C and LDL-C levels in 627 normal subjects in Chengdu area].

PMID- 3391592
TI  - [Study of liposome prepared in various sizes and its effects on reconstitution of
      HCG binding substance from Psendomonas maltophilia].

PMID- 3391593
TI  - [A study of extraction of HCG binding substances from Pseudomonas maltophilia].

PMID- 3391595
TI  - [The catalysis of the trans-cis isomerization of trans-diaquobis (oxalato)
      chromate (III) by CoSO4].

PMID- 3391594
TI  - [Effects of plasma concentration on the viscoelastic properties of human blood].

PMID- 3391597
TI  - [Pharmacokinetics study of the antiepileptic drug SC1001 Na in rabbits].

PMID- 3391596
TI  - [Biotyping and serotyping and plasmid analysis of Campylobacter jejuni/coli].

PMID- 3391598
TI  - [Pharmacokinetic study of a chromium preparation in rabbits by compartment and
      non-compartment analysis].

PMID- 3391600
TI  - [The observation and measurement of the small saphenous vein].

PMID- 3391599
TI  - [Ultrastructural study of cerebellar melanotic medulloblastoma].

PMID- 3391601
TI  - [Studies on the toxicokinetics of 3H-sulfolane in rat after oral administration].

PMID- 3391602
TI  - [Endolaryngeal repair after vertical hemilaryngectomy. A clinical and
      experimental observation].

PMID- 3391603
TI  - [Relation between discoloration stability and pH value of 34% streptomycin
      sulfate aqueous solution].

PMID- 3391604
TI  - [Role of sodium pyrosulfite and L-cysteine hydrochloride in retarding
      discoloration of ascorbic acid injection].

PMID- 3391605
TI  - [Determination of vanadium compounds in air with catalytic polarography].

PMID- 3391606
TI  - [Perioperative hemodynamic evaluation following mitral valve replacement with a
      yak pericardial xenograft].

PMID- 3391607
TI  - [Renal cell carcinoma in young adults. Fifteen cases reports].

PMID- 3391608
TI  - [Primary carcinoma of the gallbladder--report of 100 cases].

PMID- 3391610
TI  - [Blood levels of megestrol acetate following injection of the microencapsulated
      compound megestrol acetate and its effect on pituitary-ovarian function].

PMID- 3391609
TI  - [Cold saline intrabronchus lavage combined with lobectomy for the treatment of
      massive life-threatening hemoptysis].

PMID- 3391611
TI  - Mutations of the low density lipoprotein receptor in Japanese kindreds with
      familial hypercholesterolemia.
AB  - Mutations of the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor in 16 Japanese kindreds
      with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) were studied using an anti-LDL
      receptor antibody. The LDL receptor mutations in Japanese FH were heterogeneous
      and included defects in synthesis, post-translational processing, ligand-binding
      activity, and internalization of the LDL receptor. Of the 16 kindreds, 10 were
      receptor-negative and 5, receptor-defective types and 1 was an internalization
      defective type with respect to LDL binding. The receptor-negative group was
      further subdivided into four groups: those with cells producing (i) no
      immunodetectable receptor (five kindreds); (ii) 160-kd mature receptors, which
      were quite scarce (two kindreds); (iii) receptors that could not be processed to
      the mature receptor properly (two kindreds); and (iv) receptors with an apparent
      molecular weight smaller than normal (one kindred). The last kindred synthesized
      an about 155-kd mature receptor that was rapidly degraded. This finding is
      compatible with the low concentration of the cell surface LDL receptors and
      decreased binding activity for LDL in the cells of this kindred. The receptor
      defective group, which could produce a residual amount of functional receptors,
      exhibited a lower tendency to coronary artery disease than the receptor-negative
      group.

PMID- 3391613
TI  - Agyria--pachygyria and Miller-Dieker syndrome: clinical, genetic and chromosome
      studies.
AB  - Twelve cases of lissencephaly are reported. A high resolution chromosome study
      was performed on each in order to detect small chromosomal anomalies,
      undetectable with routine techniques. Only one case was shown to have an
      unbalanced karyotype with a microdeletion of the short arm of chromosome 17 (del
      17p). This child also had symptoms of the Miller-Dieker syndrome, consisting of
      lissencephaly, characteristic facies, pre- and post-natal growth retardation and
      other birth defects. As proposed by Dobyns, it seems justifiable to classify
      lissencephalies into four different groups, according to other clinical
      manifestations and results of chromosome studies.

PMID- 3391612
TI  - Types, rates, origin and expressivity of chromosome mutations involving 13q14 in
      retinoblastoma patients.
AB  - A cytogenetic survey of 200 retinoblastoma (Rb) patients revealed that
      approximately 8.5% of the fresh germinal mutations were microscopically
      detectable chromosome mutations, either interstitial deletions or rearrangements,
      involving 13q14. They showed a strong bias toward paternal origin, indicating a
      significant contribution of errors in paternal meiotic processes. The incidence
      of patients with Rb due to such chromosome mutations was estimated to be 1.9 x
      10(-6) of live births. Age-specific incidence of Rb tumors suggested that the Rb
      mutations by such chromosomal mechanisms had a lower carcinogenic potential, as
      indicated by the later onset of disease, than other Rb mutations of germinal
      origin.

PMID- 3391615
TI  - Chromosomal localization of the gene for human glucosamine-6-sulphatase to 12q14.
AB  - Glucosamine-6-sulphatase (G6S), a lysosomal enzyme found in all cells, is
      involved in the catabolism of heparin, heparan sulphate, and keratan sulphate.
      Deficiency of G6S results in the accumulation of undegraded substrate and the
      lysosomal storage disorder mucopolysaccharidosis type IIID (Sanfilippo D
      syndrome). Regional mapping by in situ hybridization of a 3H-labelled human G6S
      cDNA probe to human metaphase chromosomes indicated that the G6S gene is
      localized to chromosome 12 at q14. The localization of the G6S gene to chromosome
      12 was confirmed using the G6S cDNA clone in Southern blot hybridization analysis
      of DNA from human x mouse hybrid cell lines.

PMID- 3391614
TI  - Haemoglobin Freiburg: direct detection by synthetic oligonucleotide probes.
AB  - The molecular defect leading to Haemoglobin (Hb) Freiburg has been analysed using
      synthetic oligonucleotides. Oligonucleotide probes 19 residues and 16 residues
      long, corresponding to the normal and mutant beta-globin gene sequences,
      respectively, were used to develop a direct assay for the beta F-globin gene,
      which codes for an unstable haemoglobin. Under the conditions described here the
      use of the respective synthetic oligonucleotides should aid in the determination
      of all Hb Freiburg genotypes in families at risk with a high level of confidence.

PMID- 3391616
TI  - Can sister chromatid intercrossings be considered as prelesions?
AB  - In a study of the expression of folate-sensitive fragile sites in five normal
      individuals using RPMI medium containing methotrexate (MTX), we observed a high
      frequency of "sister chromatid intercrossings" (SCI) that is, the intersection of
      sister chromatids. The location of SCIs corresponded to fragile sites in 54.2% of
      the cases. Of the SCIs observed in each individual, 43%-53% were located at the
      same bands as their expressed fragile sites. Furthermore when RPMI + MTX medium
      was used instead of F-10 medium, the incidence of SCIs increased tenfold. We
      suggest that SCIs could indicate the existence of a pre-lesion.

PMID- 3391618
TI  - Shwachman syndrome and chromosome breakage.

PMID- 3391619
TI  - Evaluating steroidal contraceptives: pre-clinical and clinical approaches.

PMID- 3391620
TI  - Red cell haemolysis induced by SK&F 95018--a combined vasodilator and beta
      adrenoceptor antagonist.
AB  - SK&F 95018, a potential antihypertensive agent with the combined properties of
      vasodilation and beta-adrenoceptor antagonism, induced red urine when given
      intravenously to a dog. Further studies revealed that in the dog, SK&F 95018
      treatment led to haemoglobinaemia, haemoglobinuria and a fall in the red blood
      cell count. The compound was therefore suspected of causing red cell haemolysis
      and this was confirmed using dog blood in an in vitro haemolysis test system.
      Oral administration of the compound to dogs gave no indication of haemolysis, but
      the animals lost large portions of their dose through vomiting and the lack of
      effect is therefore questionable. Rats, which have no vomit reflex, were treated
      orally and although no direct evidence of haemolysis was obtained (e.g.
      haemoglobinaemia), the presence of polychromasia suggested some loss of mature
      red blood cells had occurred. Rat blood was haemolysed in vitro by SK&F 95018.
      Human red cells were also used in the in vitro haemolysis test system and these,
      too, were lysed by the compound. The haemolysis was shown to be related to the
      structure of the compound itself rather than to its pharmacological effects and
      development of SK&F 95018 as an antihypertensive agent was abandoned. Electron
      microscopy indicated that SK&F 95018 induced alterations in the red cell membrane
      which led to shape change, characterized by discocyte to spherocyte
      transformation, and finally haemolysis. The mechanism of this effect remains
      under investigation.

PMID- 3391617
TI  - Chromosomal rearrangement involving chromosomes 4, 6, 11 and 11.
AB  - The case of a healthy 29-year-old woman is reported who had a history of three
      early spontaneous abortions. Chromosomal analysis of the mother of the patient
      showed a balanced karyotype of 46,XX,t(6;11) (q24; q21), whereas the chromosomes
      of her father were normal. The karyotype of this patient is thus a combination of
      a familial translocation 6;11 and a de novo translocation 4;11, which is very
      rare.

PMID- 3391621
TI  - Is there a central nervous withdrawal syndrome associated with discontinuing long
      term treatment with propranolol?
AB  - Thirty healthy volunteers were treated with beta-adrenoceptor blocking doses of
      long-acting propranolol for at least 28 days before being randomized to continue
      propranolol treatment, receive identical placebo under double-blind conditions,
      or discontinue all treatment. No evidence of a central nervous withdrawal
      syndrome occurred during the next 28 days as assessed by changes in psychomotor
      tests, rating scales, visual analogue scales, tremor recordings and melatonin
      excretion. Three subjects in the placebo withdrawal group but none in the
      propranolol group complained of insomnia for up to 14 days of the withdrawal
      period.

PMID- 3391622
TI  - Poisoning treatment centre admissions following acute incidents involving
      pesticides.
AB  - 1. Adult hospital admissions following acute exposures to pesticides are very
      uncommon and are more often due to parasuicide than to accidents. 2. Most
      accidental pesticide incidents are work-related. 3. Males are more likely to be
      involved than females (2.9:1). 4. Life-threatening and fatal consequences
      developed in 24% of 54 incidents. 5. Of the 10 fatalities, eight were caused by
      paraquat, eight were due to parasuicide and two to non-work related accidents.

PMID- 3391623
TI  - Comparative effects of several chelating agents on the toxicity, distribution and
      excretion of aluminium.
AB  - The relative efficacy of citric, malic, malonic, oxalic and succinic acids, and
      deferoxamine mesylate (DFOA) on the toxicity, distribution and excretion in mice
      exposed to aluminum were compared. Chelating agents were administered
      intraperitoneally at a dose equal to one-fourth of their respective LD50. To
      determine the effect of the various chelators on the toxicity of aluminum,
      various doses of aluminum nitrate (938-3188 mg/kg) were administered
      intraperitoneally, followed by one of the chelators. Survival was recorded at the
      end of 14 days. Malic and succinic acids were the most effective. Malic acid and
      DFOA were the most effective in increasing the urinary excretion of aluminum.
      Citric acid was the most effective in increasing the faecal excretion of
      aluminum. Malonic, oxalic and succinic acids had no overall beneficial effects.
      Citric acid would appear to be the most effective agent of those tested in the
      prevention of acute aluminium intoxication. However, before the use of these
      compounds in human aluminium intoxication is possible, further investigations
      including the effects of these chelators after chronic aluminium intoxication are
      required.

PMID- 3391624
TI  - A study of the interaction between oxytetracycline and pyridostigmine.
AB  - 1. Oxytetracycline and pyridostigmine were given alone and in combination for 4
      days to 12 normal male volunteers in a double-blind, randomised cross-over study.
      On the fifth day, the pharmacokinetic profiles of the two drugs were examined,
      and blood and plasma cholinesterase activity was measured. 2. No significant
      interaction on absorption or pharmacokinetics of either drugs was detected when
      they were given in combination. 3. There was a small but statistically
      significant increase in erythrocyte cholinesterase when oxytetracycline was given
      in combination with pyridostigmine, the pharmacological significance of which is
      not clear.

PMID- 3391625
TI  - Polymorphism of the 4-hydroxylation of debrisoquine in the San Bushmen of
      southern Africa.
AB  - 1. The metabolic oxidation of debrisoquine has been studied in a group of 96 San
      Bushmen. 2. The amounts of debrisoquine and 4-hydroxy-debrisoquine excreted in 0
      8 h urine were measured and the metabolic ratio (% dose as debrisoquine/% dose as
      4-hydroxy-debrisoquine) calculated. 3. On the basis of Caucasian criteria, that
      metabolic ratios greater than 12.6 represent poor metabolizers, 19% of the
      Bushmen were poor metabolizers in contrast to the 8-10% found in Caucasian
      studies. 4. Probit plots showed four modes may be present in the data, which may
      represent at least three isozymes of the relevant enzyme which may also differ
      from the Caucasian isozymes.

PMID- 3391626
TI  - Influence of age and consumption of tobacco, alcohol and caffeine on antipyrine
      clearance.
AB  - 1. Antipyrine clearance and average daily consumption of tobacco, alcohol and
      coffee/tea were determined in 303 healthy men. 2. The antipyrine clearance was
      positively correlated with the consumption of tobacco (r = 0.24; P less than
      0.0001) and coffee/tea (r = 0.18; P less than 0.001), and negatively with age (r
      = -0.14; P less than 0.05) and the alcohol consumption (r = -0.13; P less than
      0.05). 3. The multiple regression coefficients suggested an increase in
      antipyrine clearance of 0.8% per daily cigarette or cup of tea and 1.4% per daily
      cup of coffee; the decrease per daily drink or year of age was 2.8% or 0.4%,
      respectively.

PMID- 3391627
TI  - Myocardial failure and shock in iron poisoning.
AB  - Shock is a well-known complication of iron poisoning. Its aetiology is
      multifactorial with hypovolaemia due to gastrointestinal blood loss and
      myocardial depression due to systemic acidosis contributing to its genesis.
      Primary myocardial dysfunction has not been considered to play a role. Our
      clinical experiences and autopsy findings in three fatal cases of iron poisoning
      support myocardial dysfunction and damage as contributing factors to their
      cardiovascular collapse. The three patients, all female, were 3 1/2, 16 and 28
      years-old. Onset of shock occurred at 1, 2 and 5 days post-ingestion. There was
      no response to vigorous fluid replacement therapy and aggressive catecholamine
      infusions. Central venous pressures were elevated. Microscopic examination of
      postmortem tissue showed myocardial damage and the presence of stainable iron. It
      is speculated that the myocardial depression is mediated by lipid peroxidation of
      myocyte organelle membranes due to iron catalysed free radical generation. The
      presence of myocardial dysfunction has therapeutic implications. Patients with
      severe iron poisoning require early and serial measurements of arterial blood
      pressure, central venous pressure and cardiac output. If primary myocardial
      dysfunction is documented then fluid replacement, inotropic support and afterload
      reduction should be considered.

PMID- 3391628
TI  - The toxic effects of alpha-chloralose.
AB  - 1. Alpha-chloralose, formed by the condensation of glucose with chloral, is used
      as a rodenticide and in the control of bird pests. 2. In two cases of poisoning
      with alpha-chloralose the clinical features included coma and generalized
      convulsions resembling the effects of strychnine more than those of chloral
      hydrate. 3. The principles of management are the support of vital functions in
      the unconscious patient and removal of unabsorbed poison by gastric lavage.
      Diazepam may be used to control convulsions.

PMID- 3391629
TI  - Acute MCPP intoxication: report of two cases.
AB  - 1. Two cases of serious intoxication with phenoxy herbicides (MCPP) are reported.
      2. Both patients had central nervous system involvement, became unconscious and
      had an inadequate respiration. Muscle cramps and rhabdomyolysis with renal
      failure were noted in both. Shortly after admission both patients developed a
      serious decrease in arterial blood pressure (160/80 mmHg to 80/45 mmHg). In one
      patient this was demonstrated to be caused by a reduction in peripheral vascular
      resistance. 3. Plasma concentration of MCPP in patient 2 was 298 mg/l (3-4 h
      after ingestion). The plasma t1/2 was about 17 h. MCPP plasma elimination
      probably follows first-order kinetics.

PMID- 3391630
TI  - Allopurinol kinetics after massive overdosage.
AB  - A 15-year-old girl with normal renal function took 75 tablets of allopurinol 300
      mg. She did not suffer any ill-effects. Samples obtained over 84 h showed
      prolonged elimination of allopurinol, with a half-life of 3.6 h, and oxipurinol,
      with a half-life of 26 h.

PMID- 3391631
TI  - [Rubella vaccination: antibody persistence for 14-17 years and immune status of
      women without and with a history of vaccination].
AB  - Out of 1045 women who had been successfully vaccinated with Cendehill vaccine,
      195 were tested for rubella antibodies 13-17 years later and still 98% were
      seropositive with a geometric mean titer (GMT) of 2-5.4 (1:42). In 7.8% and 21.6%
      only borderline or low hemagglutination inhibition (HAl) titer were found. A
      reinfection rate of 12.2% was determined by significant titer rises and IgM
      antibody detection in 466 vaccinees with 3 or more blood samples during the
      observation period. Out of 312 successfully vaccinated girls aged 11-16 years
      with HPV77DE5 and RA 27/3, 130 could be retested 14 years later and all were
      found seropositive with a GMT of 2-5.8. Low HAl titers of 1:16 have been found in
      6.2% (8 cases). The rubella immune status of 11,0978 postpubertal and pregnant
      women in South-West Germany was determined between 1981 and 1987. 9824 of these
      women had a history of vaccination and only 2.4% were seronegative in contrast to
      8.2% of 101,154 women with no history of vaccination. There was a significantly
      higher prevalence of low levels (HAl 1:8, 1:16) of antibodies among women with a
      history of vaccination (19.4%) than among those without (10.6%, p less than
      0.001). The effect of reinfection in pregnancy following previous vaccination on
      the newborn is discussed.

PMID- 3391632
TI  - [Anti-cytoplasmic antibodies in the diagnosis of vasculitis].
AB  - Antibodies against cytoplasmic structures of neutrophilic granulocytes and
      monocytes (ACPA) are highly specific for Wegener's granulomatosis (WG). We found
      77 out of 105 patients suffering from clinically and histologically proven WG
      seropositive for ACPA, whereas only 8 patients out of 123 other vasculitides
      showed ACPA, too. Of those were 3 cases out of 20 with panarteritis nodosa and 5
      patients out of 51 with unclassified systemic vasculitides. About half of the
      patients showed systemic inflammatory activity with respect to C-reactive protein
      values above 10 mg/l at time of serum sampling.

PMID- 3391633
TI  - [Polymyalgia rheumatica following Borrelia infection].
AB  - The case of a 84-year old woman is presented who developed a polymyalgia
      rheumatica/giant cell arteritis (PMR/GCA)-syndrome following a tick bite.
      Elevated titers of IgG-antibodies (indirect immunofluorescence and ELISA) as well
      as IgM (Immunoblot) against Borrelia burgdorferi antigens were found in her
      serum. When a total of 19 patients with PMR/GCA-syndrome was tested
      serologically, elevated or borderline IgG-titers against Borrelia antigens were
      detected in 12 of them (= 63%). Hence, Borrelia infection may be viewed as a
      potential trigger mechanism of a PMR/GCA-syndrome.

PMID- 3391635
TI  - Hypothesis: immunogenetic analysis of spontaneous autoimmune thyroiditis in obese
      strain (OS) chickens: a two-gene family model.
AB  - Analysis of the number of genes involved in the regulation of the expression of
      SAT in OS, by means of crosses with the unrelated inbred CB line, gave the
      following results: 1) The production of Tg-AAb is regulated by one or two genes;
      2) the sensitivity of the thyroid to autoimmune attack is under the control of
      about 3 genes; 3) the expression of SAT, as measured by mononuclear cell
      infiltration of the thyroid gland, is thus encoded by at least 4-5 genes
      (approximately 2 of which regulate the immune system hyperreactivity against
      antigens of the thyroid, and 3 of which regulate the sensitivity of the target
      organ to an attack by the immune system. It should, however, not be forgotten
      that this calculation, which results in 5 genes as being crucial for the
      development of SAT, is only valid for the combination of the OS and the CB inbred
      line. A different number might have arisen with the use of a different inbred
      line for crossing experiments. 4) The genes involved in the genetic control of
      SAT can be divided into two categories, major and minor genes. One family of
      major genes regulates the hyperreactivity of the immune system and perhaps its
      specificity for thyroid antigens. A second family of major genes encodes the
      target organ susceptibility to the attack of the immune system. The minor genes
      modulate the expression of the major genes and are especially important in
      animals with an incomplete set of major genes. The influence of sex hormones and
      the MHC are examples of such genes. MHC genes play an important role in outbred
      populations, but they are not a prerequisite for the development of the disease.
      Fully developed, early onset SAT is only seen in an animal where all major genes
      are present. The existence of two-gene families, each composed of relatively few
      genes, might guarantee to a species that SAT will not be too frequent in outbred
      populations.

PMID- 3391634
TI  - Generation of anti-ssDNA antibodies by persistent immunization of mice with sheep
      erythrocytes.
AB  - Immunization of (DBA/2) mice with sheep erythrocytes (1 X 10(8) red cells, once
      weekly for 2 months) elicited anti-sheep erythrocyte antibodies, a part of which
      combined with ssDNA. By contrast, immunization with rat (Fisher) erythrocytes (1
      X 10(8) red cells, once weekly for 2 weeks) did not elicit antibodies cross
      reactive with ssDNA. The antibody response (IgM and IgG) to sheep erythrocytes
      rose sharply and subsequently tapered off (usually within the first 2 weeks). The
      level of IgG antibodies cross-reactive with ssDNA increased and, after ca. 1
      month, decreased. No increase in anti-trinitrophenyl antibodies was detected.
      These results suggest the existence of a homeostatic mechanism. The anti-ssDNA
      antibodies bound to sheep erythrocytes, ssDNA and, marginally, to trinitrophenyl
      gelatin; they did not bind to poly-D-glutamic acid, rat erythrocytes or mouse
      erythrocytes. Treatment of sheep red blood cells with neuraminidase, proteinase
      K, trypsin, or DNase did not alter the erythrocytes' capacity to bind the anti
      ssDNA antibodies; solubilization of the erythrocytes with Triton X-100 abolished
      the binding. Neither a methanol:chloroform (1:1) extract (which contains the
      erythrocyte phospholipids) nor the residue (left after the extraction) bound anti
      ssDNA antibodies. The determinant mediating the binding could be conformational.

PMID- 3391636
TI  - The second component of human complement: detection of two hemolytic forms in
      plasma by pH variation.
AB  - The second component of human complement (C2) in pseudoglobulin prepared from
      normal plasma eluted as a single peak at high conductivity (30 mS) and pH 4.5
      from the cationic exchangers S-Sepharose or Mono S in the Fast Protein Liquid
      Chromatography (FPLC) System. The C2 was stable at pH 4.5 and 0 degrees C if
      enzyme inhibitors were used and the pH was raised to 6.0 after elution from the
      columns. After rechromatography on Mono S in the FPLC System at the median
      isoelectric point of 5.5 or pH 6.0, the C2 eluted as two distinct hemolytic
      forms: the first peaked at 16 mS, the second at 30 mS. The two forms of C2 did
      not correlate with the allotypic variant of C2 in individual, normal human
      plasmas. After elution at pH 4.5 from S-Sepharose and rechromatography at pH 5.5
      or 6.0 on Mono S, the hemolytic activities of the two forms in individual plasmas
      eluted in 3 patterns: 1) high activity at 16 mS, low activity at 30 mS; 2) low
      activity at 16 mS, high activity at 30 mS; 3) high activity at 16 mS, high
      activity at 30 mS. The specific activities of both forms were approximately the
      same; both eluted the same after gel filtration at pH 5.5, and both had the same
      pattern on SDS-PAGE and immunoblots. The pattern of elution was characteristic
      for each individual plasma, and the first hemolytic form appeared to elute
      independent of the second form. At pH 4.5, C2 was completely separated from
      Factor B, a functionally and structurally similar protein of the alternative
      complement pathway, whereas at pH 5.5 or 6.0, the two proteins eluted together.
      From these results, the two forms of hemolytic C2 can be purified for structural
      and functional analyses.

PMID- 3391637
TI  - The second component of human complement: use of glycosidases and glucosylation
      to distinguish the two forms.
AB  - The two forms of human plasma C2 that were described in the preceding report (1)
      were investigated for their functional and biochemical differences. Incubation
      with the neuraminidase (NAN'dase) of Clostridium perfringens at 37 degrees C
      resulted in a four- to fivefold increase in the hemolytic activity of both forms.
      The increase in activity was different than the increase caused by treatment with
      iodine. The mechanism of increased activity of NAN'dase-treated C2 was the
      generation of increased molecules of activated C3 (C3b), resulting in more
      molecules of C5 binding to (C4b, 2a, 3b)n. Removal of N-acetyl-neuraminate from
      C2 did not alter its binding to a cationic exchanger. Nonenzymatic glucosylation
      was used to distinguish the two forms of C2. Incubation of highly pure C2 with
      14C-D-glucose resulted in the gradual accumulation of radioactivity in acid
      precipitable material. The two forms of C2 were glucosylated in vitro for seven
      days with 14C-D-glucose in phosphate-buffered saline at 25 degrees C. Form 2
      bound twice as much 14C-D-glucose as form 1. Glucosylated form 2, but not form 1,
      lost some of its affinity to bind to a cationic exchanger. Since the interaction
      between glucose and protein occurs at free amino groups, we conclude that form 2
      of C2 has approximately twice as many free amino groups as form 1. This explains
      the reason for the existence of two forms of C2 in plasma independent of the
      allelic variant.

PMID- 3391638
TI  - The effects of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on high endothelial venules and
      interdigitating cells in mouse lymph nodes.
AB  - Migration of lymphocytes into lymph nodes is directly controlled by interaction
      of lymphocytes with the high endothelial venules (HEV), located in T cell
      dependent areas of lymph nodes. Little is known about the mechanisms that
      regulate the activity of the HEV and the specificity of interaction with
      lymphocytes in various lymphoid organs. It has been suggested that the non
      lymphoid interdigitating cells (IDC) play a role in maintaining the integrity of
      T cell areas. We therefore wished to determine whether the function of the HEV
      could be influenced by disturbing the integrity of the T cell area. This was
      assayed in mice by injecting bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the hind
      footpad. The T cell-dependent areas of mouse popliteal lymph node were studied
      using immunohistochemistry, and attention was paid to the HEV specificity using
      short-term in vivo localization assays and in vitro lymphocyte binding assays.
      After LPS administration, apparent changes in the number of interdigitating cells
      and T cells in the draining lymph node were found. In addition, interdigitating
      cells lost their typical dendritic appearance. However, after LPS treatment,
      neither size, localization nor receptor specificity for lymphocyte subsets of HEV
      differed from control HEV. Although administered subcutaneously in the footpad,
      the effect of LPS on T cells and IDC was much more dramatic in the spleen than in
      the draining lymph nodes. This points to a difference in the processing of the
      endotoxin in the two organs.

PMID- 3391639
TI  - Studies in the rat of antibody-sensitized and N-ethylmaleimide-treated
      erythrocyte clearance by the liver: effects of immune complex infusion and
      complement activation.
AB  - The function of the hepatic component of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS)
      was investigated in the rat using N-ethylmaleimide (NEM)-treated erythrocytes and
      erythrocytes sensitized with a rat IgG2a monoclonal antibody (R2/15S) directed
      against the rat RT1Aa class I antigen. The clearance of the antibody-sensitized
      erythrocytes was biphasic, with the initial phase being rapid and complement
      dependent. This clearance was entirely hepatic and could be reduced or prevented
      by the infusion of cobra venom factor (CVF), complement fragments or small
      amounts of immune complexes, prepared either at equivalence or 10-fold antigen
      excess. NEM-treated cells were removed rapidly from the circulation of normal
      rats (t 1/2 6.2 +/- 0.4 min) and their clearance rate was not influenced by
      complement depletion. Most of the cells accumulated in the liver, although a
      small proportion (17%) was removed by the spleen. Immune complexes formed at
      equivalence or heat-aggregated human gamma globulin (HAGG) delayed the removal of
      these cells from the circulation, although significantly larger amounts of HAGG
      were required to do this. Antigen-excess immune complexes had no effect.

PMID- 3391640
TI  - Binding of human IgA1 to rat peritoneal macrophages.
AB  - In the present study we have investigated whether bovine erythrocytes (Eb)
      specifically sensitized with human polyclonal IgA1 (Eb-IgA1) are able to bind to
      resident adherent rat peritoneal cells (PM phi). Rat PM phi formed rosettes with
      Eb-IgA1 at room temperature and at 37 degrees. The formation of these rosettes
      could be blocked completely by excess human serum IgA or myeloma IgA1. In
      contrast, human IgG or rat IgG did not inhibit the formation of rosettes, whereas
      human polymeric myeloma IgA2 only partially inhibited rosette formation. Complete
      inhibition of rosette formation was also induced by rat monomeric and polymeric
      myeloma IgA, suggesting species interchangeability. Furthermore, rosette
      formation could be completely blocked in the presence of excess asialofetuin or D
      galactose, while excess ovalbumin or D-mannose had no effect. These results
      suggest that the oligosaccharides in the hinge region of human IgA1 are involved
      in the binding of Eb-IgA1 to rat PM phi.

PMID- 3391641
TI  - The interaction of infant formula with macrophages: effect on phagocytic
      activity, relationship to expression of class II MHC antigen and survival of
      orally administered macrophages in the neonatal gut.
AB  - The effect of infant formula on human peritoneal and breast milk macrophages has
      been investigated. The ability of peritoneal macrophages to subsequently ingest
      and degrade immune complexes was slightly impaired, but breast milk cells were
      not affected. However, the cells were found to have bound antigenically intact
      casein and beta-lactoglobulin, although little, if any, alpha-lactalbumin was
      bound. Furthermore, a positive correlation was found between binding of these
      proteins and expression of HLA-DR antigen. Labelled macrophages fed to newborn
      mice survived for at least 4 hr in the gastrointestinal tract and, in some cases,
      localized in the mucosal tissue. In one case a labelled cell was found in the
      spleen. These findings indicate that breast milk macrophages may be able to
      perform immunological functions in the gut, and suggest that binding of cows'
      milk proteins by macrophages may constitute a first step in the sensitization of
      the neonate to cow's milk proteins. Human milk macrophages may also play a
      protective role by acting as antigen-presenting cells in the local immune
      response of the gut.

PMID- 3391642
TI  - The role of antibody in immunity against experimental naegleria
      meningoencephalitis ('amoebic meningitis').
AB  - Mice immunized with amoeba culture fluid (ACF) from axenically cultured Naegleria
      fowleri showed marked protection against a lethal amoeba challenge, a result
      consistent with previous observations from this laboratory. The nature of this
      acquired resistance is not known. The data presented show that the degree of
      protection conferred to mice by immunization is related to the levels of
      antinaegleria antibodies. These antibodies react with the surface of the amoeba.
      The data also show that serum (and the IgG serum fraction) from immunized mice
      confer protection to normal mice against a lethal N. fowleri challenge. Spleen
      cells from immunized animals were only capable of conferring protection to
      recipients, when the challenge time was delayed (10 days), at which time anti
      naegleria antibodies appeared in the serum of the mice. The studies suggest that
      antibodies play an important role in the ACF-induced resistance to experimental
      naegleria meningoencephalitis.

PMID- 3391643
TI  - Mechanisms by which oxidative injury inhibits the proliferative response of human
      lymphocytes to PHA. Effect of the thiol compound 2-mercaptoethanol.
AB  - The use of normobaric exposure to O2 as a model for in vitro oxidative injury
      prevented phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear
      cells (PBMC) from undergoing the G0 to G1 transition, but 5 x 10(-6) M 2
      mercaptoethanol (2-ME) almost protected the cells from this blockade. The
      percentage of cells with IL-2 and transferrin-receptors was reduced by the O2
      exposure and, like the cell cycle transition, was protected by 2-ME against
      oxidative injury. By contrast, IL-2 recovery in the supernatants of O2-exposed
      PHA-stimulated PBMC was enhanced. This enhancement may be due partly to the
      reduced IL-2 consumption caused by the decreases in IL-2 receptor expression and
      in proliferation. On the other hand, IL-2 recovery in the supernatants of O2
      treated PBMC was always enhanced compared to the IL-2 control recovery after DNA
      synthesis was blocked in G1/S by mitomycin c, and the G0/G1 transition was
      protected by 2-ME. Furthermore, PHA-stimulated monocytes exposed to O2 produced
      more IL-1 than control cells. This enhanced IL-1 production was not modified by 2
      ME. These results suggest that oxidative injury reduces the proliferation of PBMC
      by interfering with the cellular events that lead to the transition from the G0
      to the G1 phase of the cell cycle. The protective effects of 2-ME suggest that
      thiol compounds have a critical role in the early events of the cell cycle. By
      contrast, exposure to O2 induced increases in the production of both IL-1 and IL
      2 that may not be related to alterations in the thiol status of the cell.

PMID- 3391644
TI  - Phenotype of mononuclear leucocytes resident in rat major salivary and lacrimal
      glands.
AB  - The phenotypic distribution of lymphocytes and mononuclear phagocytes resident in
      rat secretory glands was examined. Isolated exocrine gland mononuclear leucocyte
      populations contained 50-61% W3/13+ T cells and greater proportions of W3/25+ T
      helper cells relative to OX8+ T suppressor cells. Surface Ig+ cells (sIg)
      constituted from 32% to 34% of the cells and their distribution was sIgM greater
      than sIgA greater than sIgG. The macrophage populations comprised from 0.02% to
      0.1% of the unfractionated gland cells. Fractionated secretory gland-adherent
      cells consisted primarily of non-specific esterase+, phagocytic and Fc receptor
      bearing cells. From 35% to 79% of the macrophages in exocrine glands expressed I
      A molecules. The results suggest that exocrine glands have the ability to respond
      locally to an antigenic challenge independently of a central mucosal immune
      response.

PMID- 3391645
TI  - Limiting concentrations of human basophil-bound IgE antibody required for
      histamine release.
AB  - Human blood basophils were treated to remove resident IgE, and passively
      sensitized with mixtures of ragweed antigen E-specific and non-specific IgE under
      receptor-saturating conditions. At a ratio of about 0.005 (0.5%) specific IgE or
      higher, maximal histamine release was observed, but below this a progressive
      decrease occurred. With leucocytes of four donors, minimal ratios producing
      mediator release above background varied from 0.001 to 0.00034, which was roughly
      inversely related to the number of IgE receptors per basophil. This indicated
      that for these donors' cells a similar number of specific IgE molecules was
      required for histamine release, and calculation showed the numbers to be 30-55,
      despite a five-fold difference in total numbers of IgE receptors between
      different donor basophils. Therefore, it could be estimated that the minimal
      number of bridges required for basophil activation was to the order of 10-15,
      depending on whether divalent or trivalent bridges were involved. Since
      percentage histamine release and percentage degranulated cells were highly
      correlated after suboptimal sensitization, individual cells or subsets of
      basophils were apparently differentially responsive. This is consistent with
      other evidence of functional heterogeneity and that histamine release by
      individual cells is an all or none process.

PMID- 3391646
TI  - IgE antibodies to D. pteronyssinus in atopic patients.
AB  - An aqueous house dust mite extract was separated by SDS-PAGE and transferred to
      nitrocellulose membranes by Western Blotting. Two major allergens, Der pI and Der
      pII associated with the mite faeces and body, respectively, were identified on
      the protein blot. The blot was then probed with atopic sera and the bound
      antibodies were labelled with 125I anti-IgE and visualized by autoradiography.
      Using this technique it is shown that serum samples from eczema patients contain
      a higher proportion of anti-mite body IgE antibodies, whereas those from asthma
      patients contain a higher proportion of antibodies against the major mite faecal
      allergen Der pI. Minor mite body allergens are also shown to be important in
      eczematous patients. The role of mite allergens in atopic conditions is
      discussed, along with the significance of the findings presented here.

PMID- 3391647
TI  - Acquisition of immunological self-recognition by the fetal rat.
AB  - Rats in which normal development of the thyroid gland had been interrupted by the
      injection of 131I during fetal life are liable to mount autoimmune responses
      against grafts of syngeneic thyroid tissue transplanted in adult life. Although
      autoimmune thyroiditis developed spontaneously in grafted tissue, the recipients'
      own thyroid glands remained free from autoimmune changes, showing only
      irradiation damage. Other syngeneic endocrine grafts transplanted to these rats
      were not susceptible to autoimmune attack. This experiment demonstrates that
      contact of self-determinants with the developing mammalian immune system is
      required if autoimmunity is to be prevented.

PMID- 3391648
TI  - Studies on the adjuvant action of beryllium. III. The activity in the plasma of
      lymph efferent from nodes stimulated with beryllium.
AB  - Efferent lymph from the popliteal or prefemoral lymph nodes was collected from
      unanaesthetized sheep before and after the injection of insoluble Be(OH)2 into
      the subcuticulum that was drained by the nodes. Sterile, cell-free plasma from
      lymph collected during the 48 hr after the injections, induced vigorous lympho
      proliferative responses in naive lymph nodes after s.c. injection into
      autochthonous or allogeneic recipients. The same lymph had an adjuvant action
      when injected i.p. into both nude and euthymic rats. Many samples of such lymph
      were screened for biological activity in rats by noting the increase in the
      weight of the regional popliteal nodes that occurred after the test sample had
      been injected into the footpad. All the active samples were shown, by atomic
      absorbance spectroscopy, to contain beryllium, and we concluded that this metal,
      in the form of soluble Be-protein adducts, was probably the prime mover in all
      the observed responses.

PMID- 3391649
TI  - The role of galactosyl-binding lectin in the cellular immune response of the
      cockroach Periplaneta americana (Dictyoptera).
AB  - Agglutinating activity of the major serum lectin of Periplaneta americana against
      mammalian erythrocytes has been found previously to be inhibited most effectively
      by galactose and glycoproteins rich in non-reducing terminal galactose, such as
      porcine stomach mucin (PSM) and desialylated fetuin and bovine submaxillary
      mucin. Antibody raised against the purified lectin was found, by
      immunofluorescence, to bind to the surface of washed fixed haemocytes (the cells
      responsible for cellular immunity in insects). The experiments described here
      were carried out in order to investigate whether or not the lectin plays any role
      in mediating the haemocytic response, by measuring the in vivo cellular response
      to galactose- or sialic acid-rich glycoproteins, either in solution or conjugated
      to Sepharose beads. Comparison of the ability of injected solutions to stimulate
      haemocytic aggregates (nodules) showed that PSM, whether native, desialylated or
      pronase-digested to produce small galactose-containing fragments, stimulated
      large numbers of nodules, in contrast to either sialic acid-rich glycoproteins
      such as bovine submaxillary mucin (BSM) and fetuin, or the protein bovine serum
      albumen (BSA). Multicellular capsules formed around Sepharose conjugated to
      galactose-rich molecules such as PSM, asialo-PSM, asialo-fetuin or asialo-BSM
      were highly significantly thicker than those formed around control untreated
      beads, whereas capsules around BSA, fetuin or BSM conjugates were significantly
      thinner. It is unlikely that the different results for sialylated and
      desialylated molecules are due merely to a non-specific charge effect, since the
      response due to charge alone is directly opposite to that found when specific
      carbohydrate groups are considered. The results tentatively support the idea that
      soluble and/or cell-associated lectins may be involved in immuno-recognition in
      insects.

PMID- 3391650
TI  - Suppression of lymphocyte function with breast carcinoma I-active glycopeptides.
AB  - Patients with metastatic breast carcinoma (BCa) have defective peripheral blood
      lymphocyte (PBL) responsiveness to mitogenic and antigenic stimulation. In the
      following experiments, glycopeptides were isolated from the pronase digests of
      breast carcinoma tissue. After elution from Sephadex G-50, glycopeptides from BCa
      inhibited PBL responsiveness to mitogenic (PHA) stimulation. The glycopeptides
      contained blood group I-antigenic determinants. These experiments demonstrate the
      presence of blood group I-active peptides in breast carcinoma that suppress
      peripheral blood lymphocyte functions. Further studies are in progress.

PMID- 3391651
TI  - Functional and structural implications of variable region immunoglobulin dynamic
      states.
AB  - The consequence of multiple conformational states in the immunoglobulin variable
      region are considered. Bound ligand is viewed as a stabilizer of one conformer
      from a series of non-liganded conformers. Kinetic, equilibrium, thermodynamic and
      crystal formation information are used as supporting evidence for a unique
      conformer which is the crystallizable liganded state. The multi-state model is
      discussed in terms of certain biological and biochemical properties exhibited by
      the immunoglobulin molecule.

PMID- 3391653
TI  - A clinicopathological and mycological study of mycetoma involving upper extremity
      at Jodhpur, India.

PMID- 3391652
TI  - The presence of the fifth component of complement (C5) in rabbit uterine
      flushings in relation to reproductive state.
AB  - The fifth component of complement (C5) has been detected in rabbit uterine
      flushings. The C5 activity was evaluated using a hemolytic assay which requires
      the use of a C5-depleted reagent (C5D) prepared by affinity chromatography of
      normal human serum. In the absence of C5D, there was no hemolysis of antibody
      sensitized erythrocytes by rabbit uterine flushings, whereas the presence of the
      C5D reagent resulted in substantial hemolysis. The amount of hemolysis was
      correlated with the reproductive state of the rabbits, with higher amounts of
      hemolysis (expressed per mg uterine flushing protein) evident in estrous rabbits.
      In addition, the amounts of immunoglobulin G (IgG), albumin, and total protein
      were also determined in the uterine flushings. The amounts of total protein and
      IgG were increased in day-6 pregnant animals compared to estrus while the amount
      of albumin per ml uterine flushing was not significantly changed.

PMID- 3391654
TI  - Clinical profile of Budd-Chiari syndrome.

PMID- 3391655
TI  - Symposium: Growth monitoring and promotion--an international perspective.

PMID- 3391657
TI  - National policy on growth monitoring and promotion--Swaziland leads the way.

PMID- 3391656
TI  - A comprehensive approach to community welfare: growth monitoring and the role of
      women in Jamkhed.

PMID- 3391658
TI  - Child growth as a community-surveillance indicator.

PMID- 3391659
TI  - Growth chart design.

PMID- 3391660
TI  - Beyond survival: promoting healthy growth.

PMID- 3391661
TI  - Weighing scales: design and choices.

PMID- 3391662
TI  - Making growth visible in the community.

PMID- 3391663
TI  - Training workers and supervisors in growth monitoring: looking at ICDS.

PMID- 3391665
TI  - Growth monitoring--making it a tool for education.

PMID- 3391664
TI  - Field level health worker's skill in detection of growth retardation and
      faltering in young children.

PMID- 3391666
TI  - Growth monitoring--lessons from India.

PMID- 3391668
TI  - Growth monitoring in the evolution of clinic based health care through a
      community based action program.

PMID- 3391667
TI  - Growth monitoring as a critical means to provide primary health care.

PMID- 3391669
TI  - Health in the balance: the under-fives weighing program.

PMID- 3391671
TI  - Proceedings of the Council for High Blood Pressure Research. New Orleans,
      Louisiana, October 13-October 16, 1988.

PMID- 3391670
TI  - Ten pitfalls of growth monitoring and promotion.

PMID- 3391672
TI  - Activation of the humoral antihypertensive system of the kidney increases
      diuresis.
AB  - Isolated kidneys taken from normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats were cross-perfused
      extracorporeally by normotensive strain-matched donor rats. The extracorporeal
      perfusion circuit was arranged so that the perfusion pressure to the normotensive
      recipient kidney could be varied from 90 to 200 mm Hg without any change in total
      flow through this circuit. This setup avoided hemodynamic or mechanical
      interferences with reflexogenic circulatory control in the normotensive donor rat
      when the recipient kidney was manipulated. Diuresis and natriuresis were measured
      in the normotensive donor rat and the normotensive recipient kidney. A few
      minutes after normotensive recipient kidney perfusion pressure had been raised,
      mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate started to decline rapidly in the
      normotensive donor rat, and circulatory collapse ensued within 15 to 100 minutes.
      During the control period at 90 mm Hg normotensive recipient kidney perfusion
      pressure, urinary flow, MAP and heart rate were stable in the normotensive donor
      rat and the normotensive recipient kidney. When perfusion pressure was raised to
      200 mm Hg in the recipient kidney, the urinary flow in the donor rat increased
      62% on average in the first 10 minutes over values recorded before the pressure
      rise (p less than 0.05) while MAP simultaneously fell by 16% and HR remained
      unchanged. During the subsequent period, the urinary flow of the donor rat
      declined together with MAP and heart rate. In the extracorporeally high-pressure
      perfused recipient kidneys, an eightfold to ninefold increase in diuresis and
      natriuresis occurred during the first 45 minutes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3391673
TI  - Potentiation of sympathetic nerve responses to hypoxia in borderline hypertensive
      subjects.
AB  - We tested the hypothesis that sympathetic nerve responses to stimulation of
      chemoreceptors by hypoxia are exaggerated in borderline hypertensive humans. We
      compared responses to isocapnic hypoxia in eight borderline hypertensive subjects
      and eight normotensive control subjects matched for age, sex, weight, and height
      without a family history of hypertension. Measurements of heart rate, mean blood
      pressure, minute ventilation, and sympathetic nerve activity to muscle were made
      before and during hypoxia. We also measured responses to a period of voluntary
      apnea during hypoxia. There were no significant differences between the increases
      in heart rate, blood pressure, and ventilation in response to hypoxia in the two
      groups. However, during hypoxia sympathetic activity in the hypertensive subjects
      increased by 40.6 +/- 13.6% (mean +/- SE), greater than the increase of 20.4 +/-
      5.0% in the control subjects (p less than 0.05). In six hypertensive and six
      control subjects, when apnea was performed during hypoxia, sympathetic activity
      increased by 605.0 +/- 294.3% in the hypertensive subjects and by only 52.8 +/-
      17.3% in the control subjects (p less than 0.001). We conclude that the
      chemoreceptor reflex is enhanced in borderline hypertensive subjects and results
      in exaggerated increases in sympathetic nerve activity during hypoxia. This
      enhanced chemoreceptor reflex is especially obvious when the inhibitory influence
      of breathing and thoracic afferent activity is eliminated by apnea. This
      exaggerated response may contribute to excess sympathetic activity in borderline
      hypertensive subjects and to adverse consequences of sleep apnea in hypertensive
      subjects.

PMID- 3391674
TI  - The antihypertensive mechanism of verapamil. Alteration of glomerular filtration
      rate regulation.
AB  - The renal hemodynamic and renin release responses to verapamil were analyzed to
      determine if the antihypertensive action of the calcium entry blocker could be
      due to its renal effects. Hemodynamic and renin release measurements were
      compared in a control group of nine anesthetized rabbits and in a group of 10
      rabbits given verapamil (200 micrograms/kg i.v. initially, 4 micrograms/kg/min
      thereafter), starting 30 minutes before data collection. Measurements were made
      over a range of controlled renal perfusion pressure from 100 to 40 mm Hg. The
      renal blood flow at 100 mm Hg of the verapamil-treated group was 18% greater (p
      less than 0.02) than that of the control group, while the glomerular filtration
      rate was 51% greater (p less than 0.001) than that of the control group. Renal
      blood flow and glomerular filtration rate autoregulation were highly effective in
      the control group down to 80 mm Hg, but both variables were poorly regulated in
      the verapamil-treated group. The filtration fraction of the treated group was
      36.9 +/- 1.5% versus 28.5 +/- 1.6% in the control group (p less than 0.003) at
      100 mm Hg, and the filtration fraction of the treated group remained
      significantly greater down to 40 mm Hg. Renin release rates of the two groups
      were similar at the 100 mm Hg pressure level, but the increase in release due to
      the progressive reduction in perfusion pressure was significantly greater in the
      treated group than in the control group. At the 80 mm Hg pressure level, the mean
      release rate for the treated group was more than three times greater (p less than
      0.05) than that of the control group. These findings demonstrate that verapamil
      is an effective renal vasodilator and that the effect is proportionally greater
      on the preglomerular than on the postglomerular resistance. This action could be
      the basis for its antihypertensive efficacy.

PMID- 3391675
TI  - Endogenous intrarenal adenosine preserves renal blood flow in one-kidney, one
      clip rats.
AB  - Intrarenal adenosine concentration is threefold greater in the one-kidney, one
      clip hypertensive rat compared with normotensive animals. Since exogenously
      administered adenosine may increase renal blood flow by direct vasodilation,
      inhibition of renin release, or prejunctional interruption of adrenergic
      neurotransmission, these studies examined whether endogenous intrarenal adenosine
      maintains renal blood flow distal to renal arterial stenosis. Administration of
      theophylline, which blocks the direct vasodilating effect of adenosine and
      antagonizes the inhibitory effect of adenosine on renin release and sympathetic
      neurotransmission, resulted in marked renal vasoconstriction in one-kidney, one
      clip hypertensive animals. This theophylline-induced renal vasoconstriction was
      markedly attenuated by angiotensin II blockade with saralasin and was unchanged
      by renal denervation or beta 1-adrenergic blockade with atenolol. These findings
      indicate that the marked renal vasoconstriction in one-kidney, one clip
      hypertension during theophylline administration is mainly mediated by angiotensin
      II, is to a lesser degree due to inhibition of adenosine-induced vasodilation,
      and is independent of sympathetic influences. These data suggest that endogenous
      interstitial adenosine preserves renal blood flow in one-kidney, one clip
      hypertension mainly by inhibiting renin release.

PMID- 3391676
TI  - Renal cortical and papillary blood flow in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
AB  - The present study examined whether an alteration in renal medullary hemodynamics
      is associated with the development of hypertension in the spontaneously
      hypertensive rat (SHR). The relationships between whole kidney, cortical and
      papillary blood flows, and renal perfusion pressure were compared in 3- to 5-, 6-
      to 9-, and 12- to 16-week-old SHR and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). Cortical and
      papillary blood flows were similar in the different age groups of SHR and WKY
      over most of the range of perfusion pressure studied. Control papillary blood
      flows, determined at a renal perfusion pressure equal to the mean arterial
      pressure of each animal, were not significantly different in the 3- to 5- and 12-
      to 16-week-old SHR in comparison to values observed in age-matched WKY. In
      contrast, the control papillary blood flow was 30% lower in 6- to 9-week-old SHR
      in comparison to the value observed in WKY. Papillary blood flows were
      significantly less in all age groups of SHR than the corresponding flows measured
      in WKY when they were compared at equivalent renal perfusion pressures. These
      findings indicate that medullary vascular resistance is elevated even in very
      young SHR and suggest that alterations in vasa recta hemodynamics may participate
      in the development of hypertension by shifting the pressure-natriuresis
      relationship toward higher pressures.

PMID- 3391677
TI  - Glycine microinjected in the rat dorsal vagal nucleus increases arterial
      pressure.
AB  - Microinjections (25 nl) of glycine into the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus in
      21 rats elicited dose-dependent increases of arterial pressure and heart rate
      that were not seen with injections adjacent to the dorsal motor nucleus of the
      vagus. The responses to glycine were neurally mediated and could be blocked
      either by local pretreatment with strychnine or by combined vagotomy and
      ganglionic blockade. The data suggest that glycine receptors on, or in the region
      of, neurons of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus may have a role in the
      regulation of arterial pressure and heart rate.

PMID- 3391678
TI  - Area postrema ablation and vascular reactivity in deoxycorticosterone-salt
      treated rats.
AB  - In rats, central administration of the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine prevents
      hypertension and certain functional vascular changes after deoxycorticosterone
      (DOC)-salt treatment. In this study, the effect of electrolytic ablation of the
      area postrema on blood pressure and vascular reactivity in DOC-salt-treated rats
      was examined. Four treatment groups of rats were studied (n = 5 in each): area
      postrema lesion, DOC-salt (DOC pivalate, 5 mg/wk s.c. for 5 weeks); sham lesion,
      DOC-salt; area postrema lesion, control; and sham lesion, control. Helically cut
      strips of carotid artery, aorta, and mesenteric artery were prepared for
      isometric force recording. Area postrema lesion attenuated hypertension in DOC
      salt rats (mean arterial pressure, 107 vs 123 mm Hg in area postrema lesion and
      sham lesion rats, respectively; chronic aortic catheter). Vascular strips from
      sham lesion-control rats. These changes in vascular reactivity also were observed
      in area postrema lesion-DOC-salt rats. DOC treatment in rats on a normal sodium
      intake did not result in hypertension or increased vascular reactivity. In
      summary, integrity of the area postrema is necessary for hypertension but not for
      changes in vascular reactivity, in DOC-salt rats. It appears that 1) changes in
      vascular reactivity may be necessary, but they are not sufficient to produce DOC
      salt hypertension, and 2) if these vascular changes are secondary to a central
      nervous system effect, they are mediated by a pathway distinct from the area
      postrema.

PMID- 3391679
TI  - Contrasting reflex effects of chemosensitive and mechanosensitive vagal
      afferents.
AB  - Previous studies have identified two distinct types of cardiac vagal afferents,
      mechanosensitive and chemosensitive. We tested the hypothesis that these two
      types of vagal afferents mediate different reflex sympathetic nerve responses. We
      compared effects of stimulation of chemosensitive and mechanosensitive vagal
      afferents on renal and adrenal sympathetic nerve activity in rats. In
      anesthetized, sinoaortic baroreceptor-denervated rats, we measured arterial
      pressure, heart rate, and renal and adrenal sympathetic nerve activity during
      intrapericardial administration of phenyl diguanide as a stimulus for
      chemosensitive afferents and during volume expansion and acute occlusion of the
      ascending aorta as stimuli for mechanosensitive afferents. Stimulation of
      chemosensitive afferents with phenyl diguanide (3, 10, and 30 micrograms/kg
      intrapericardially) caused decreases in renal sympathetic nerve activity (-36 +/-
      5, -52 +/- 11, and -71 +/- 5%; p less than 0.01) and in arterial pressure and
      heart rate but increased adrenal sympathetic nerve activity (+14 +/- 27, +63 +/-
      21, and +83 +/- 28%; p less than 0.05). These responses were abolished by
      vagotomy. Intrapericardial injection of saline vehicle did not change renal and
      adrenal sympathetic nerve activity. In contrast to the effects of phenyl
      diguanide, activation of mechanosensitive afferents by volume expansion with
      intravenous infusion of 6% dextran in 0.9% saline (Dextran 75) decreased both
      renal and adrenal sympathetic nerve activity. Stimulation of mechanosensitive
      afferents by acute occlusion of the ascending aorta also decreased both renal and
      adrenal sympathetic nerve activity. These results indicate that chemosensitive
      and mechanosensitive cardiac vagal afferents produce different reflex responses:
      Chemosensitive afferents increase and mechanosensitive afferents decrease adrenal
      sympathetic outflow.

PMID- 3391680
TI  - Neuronal responses to angiotensin II in the in vitro slice from the canine
      medulla.
AB  - The present studies utilized the in vitro slice preparation of the canine
      dorsomedial medulla, which we have recently developed, to obtain direct evidence
      for the effects of angiotensin II (Ang II) on the activity of single neurons in
      this region. Horizontally oriented slices (300 micron) containing the area
      postrema, nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS), and dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus
      were perifused with oxygenated artificial cerebrospinal fluid. The effects of
      microdrop application of Ang II and its antagonist [Sar1,Thr8]Ang II on
      spontaneous firing rate were determined in 27 extracellularly recorded neurons.
      Ang II substantially increased the firing rate of 13 neurons located in the
      medial NTS, but it did not alter the spontaneous activity of the remaining 14
      neurons. In most cases Ang II elicited a slowly developing, prolonged excitatory
      response. The effects of both Ang II and [Sar1,Thr8]Ang II were tested in 13
      neurons. [Sar1,Thr8]Ang II produced a short latency, brief excitation in three
      neurons, marked inhibition of spontaneous firing in two cells, and no effect on
      the other eight neurons. Administration of [Sar1,Thr8]Ang II blocked the
      excitatory effects of subsequent administration of Ang II in three neurons. To
      our knowledge, these observations provide the first evidence for direct actions
      of both Ang II and [Sar1,Thr8]Ang II on neurons in the canine NTS and for the
      specificity of the neuronal effects of Ang II as documented by blockade of the
      excitatory response to Ang II by [Sar1,Thr8]Ang II.

PMID- 3391681
TI  - Role of cellular calcium in salt sensitivity of patients with essential
      hypertension.
AB  - The mechanism by which excessive sodium chloride intake raises blood pressure has
      not been fully clarified. The present study was therefore undertaken in patients
      with essential hypertension to investigate the possible role of an intracellular
      calcium-dependent mechanism in salt sensitivity. The difference in mean blood
      pressure between a week of low sodium chloride diet (3 g/day) and a week of high
      sodium chloride diet (20 g/day) was studied in relation to the intracellular free
      calcium concentration in lymphocytes and an acute hypotensive response to a 10-mg
      sublingual dose of nifedipine in 12 inpatients. Sodium chloride loading induced
      significant increases in mean blood pressure (from 111 +/- 12 to 122 +/- 11 mm
      Hg; p less than 0.01), intracellular free calcium in lymphocytes (from 133 +/- 13
      to 145 +/- 9 nmol/L; p less than 0.01), and the hypotensive response to
      nifedipine (from 19 +/- 6 to 31 +/- 10 mm Hg; p less than 0.01). In addition,
      serum total calcium concentration was decreased while urinary calcium excretion
      was increased. The elevation of mean blood pressure was closely and positively
      correlated with the increase in intracellular free calcium concentration (r =
      0.71, p less than 0.05) and the increase in the hypotensive effect of nifedipine
      (r = 0.91, p less than 0.01) after sodium chloride loading. However, changes in
      these values had no relation to the change in serum concentration or urinary
      excretion of calcium. These data suggest that change in the cellular calcium
      dependent vasoconstriction mechanism may be associated with salt sensitivity of
      patients with essential hypertension.

PMID- 3391682
TI  - Hypertensive mechanisms associated with centrally administered aldosterone in
      dogs.
AB  - The mechanism by which intracerebroventricularly administered aldosterone
      increases arterial pressure was investigated in trained, conscious dogs with
      cannulas chronically implanted in a lateral cerebral ventricle. In salt-replete
      and salt-depleted dogs, artificial cerebrospinal fluid with or without
      aldosterone (0.05 microgram/kg/hr) was infused intracerebroventricularly for 12
      days by an osmotic minipump. A similar dose of aldosterone was infused
      subcutaneously for 12 days. Aldosterone infused intracerebroventricularly
      increased blood pressure significantly in both salt-replete and salt-depleted
      dogs. In salt-replete animals the hypertension was associated with increased
      total peripheral resistance without concomitant changes in blood volume, cardiac
      output, or in any of the neurohumoral parameters measured. We conclude that this
      type of hypertension is resistance-mediated from its outset and appears to be
      relatively independent of salt and water retention. The mechanism by which
      intracerebroventricularly administered aldosterone increases vascular resistance
      remains to be determined.

PMID- 3391684
TI  - Enhanced chemiluminescence production by phagocytosing neutrophils in psoriasis.
AB  - Using serum-coated zymosan, the generation of reactive oxidants by measurement of
      chemiluminescence was shown to be significantly enhanced in isolated peripheral
      psoriatic neutrophils compared to normal controls. This response was observed
      irrespective of whether zymosan was opsonized with fresh autologous or normal AB
      serum. However, this increased activity was reduced with zymosan was opsonized
      with serum that was preheated at 56 degrees C for 30 min. There was no
      statistical correlation of chemiluminescence activity with degranulation of beta
      glucuronidase in either normal or psoriatic subjects. In addition,
      chemiluminescence produced by normal cells was significantly increased when
      zymosan was opsonized with psoriatic serum. The plasma membrane-bound enzyme,
      NAD(P)H oxidase, which produces superoxide in response to phagocytic stimulation,
      was significantly increased in psoriatic neutrophils compared to normal controls.
      These data add further evidence for activated neutrophils in psoriasis.

PMID- 3391683
TI  - Exudate polymorphonuclear leukocytes isolated from skin chambers are primed for
      enhanced response to subsequent stimulation with chemoattractant f-Met-Leu-Phe
      and C3-opsonized yeast particles.
AB  - The ability to respond metabolically to stimulation with both soluble and
      particulate substances was investigated in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes
      (PMNLs) isolated from an aseptic inflammatory reaction. Exudate PMNLs isolated
      from skin chambers (E-PMNLs) and blood PMNLs isolated from the peripheral blood
      (B-PMNLs) of the same individual were investigated in parallel. E-PMNLs were
      primed, resulting in an increased chemiluminescence (CL) response to subsequent
      stimulation with the chemotactic peptide formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine
      (FMLP) (334%) and serum-opsonized yeast particles (C3 yeast) (201%), as compared
      to B-PMNLs. Phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) on the other hand, induced a CL
      response in E-PMNLs that was only 70% of the response obtained in B-PMNLs. A
      similar primed state resulting in enhancement of the CL response to FMLP and C3
      yeast could be induced in B-PMNLs by pretreatment with a bacterial culture
      filtrate. Pretreatment of E-PMNLs with the bacterial culture filtrate, however,
      did not increase the CL response to FMLPs any further. The enhanced functional
      response to FMLPs in E-PMNLs was accompanied by an increased binding of the
      peptide, demonstrated by a doubling of the amount of bound f-Met-Leu-[3H]Phe
      (209%), as compared to B-PMNLs. The increased C3-yeast-induced CL generation in E
      PMNLs was accompanied by an increased ingestion and attachment of C3-opsonized
      yeast particles. The enhancement of phagocytosis in E-PMNLs was, however,
      dependent upon the opsonin used, since IgG-opsonized yeast particles were
      phagocytosed to the same extent by E-PMNLs and B-PMNLs, thereby indicating that
      selective receptor modulation is also involved in the priming of E-PMNLs for an
      enhanced response to C3-yeast. These results show that exudate cells isolated
      from skin chambers are modulated with respect to receptor-mediated functions
      resulting in an increased metabolic response to FMLP coupled with an increased
      binding of the peptide and an increased phagocytosis of C3-coated yeast
      particles. Receptor modulation during exudation may be an important mechanism in
      regulating the inflammatory response by PMNLs.

PMID- 3391686
TI  - C5a-induced bronchoconstriction: absence of a role of circulating white blood
      cells and platelets.
AB  - C5a causes an intense bronchoconstriction when injected intravenously into the
      guinea pig. The present study was designed to determine if circulating white
      blood cells or platelets were important target cells for the induction of
      bronchoconstriction on intravenous injection of C5a. To accomplish this, we
      examined the effect of C5a on numbers of circulating cells as well as the effect
      of depletion of various circulating cell populations on C5a-induced
      bronchoconstriction. Intravenous injection of C5a caused a precipitous drop in
      circulating granulocytes which preceded the maximum bronchoconstrictor response.
      The levels of circulating platelets and mononuclear cells were unchanged by
      intravenous injection of C5a. Depletion of either white blood cells or platelets
      did not significantly alter either the maximum bronchoconstrictor response to C5a
      or the time course of the response. Thus, these studies suggest that C5a-induced
      bronchoconstriction in the guinea pig is not dependent on an interaction of C5a
      with circulating white blood cells or platelets.

PMID- 3391685
TI  - Differential in vivo effects of indomethacin, ibuprofen, and flurbiprofen on
      oxygen-dependent killing activities of neutrophils elicited by acute nonimmune
      inflammation in the rat.
AB  - The effects of oral administration of various doses of indomethacin, ibuprofen,
      and flurbiprofen were studied in acute nonimmune pleurisy induced by calcium
      pyrophosphate crystals (CaPP) in the rat. Drug effects on pleurisy development,
      as measured by the pleural fluid volume, the number of emigrating leukocytes, and
      the in vitro oxygen uptake and hydrogen peroxide production of elicited
      polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) were investigated. Indomethacin (1.5, 3, and
      6 mg/kg) induced a dose-dependent reduction of both exudate volume and number of
      emigrating leukocytes which reached approximately 50% of control values. A
      similar inhibition of these two inflammation parameters was observed for the
      three doses of ibuprofen (6, 18, and 54 mg/kg) and flurbiprofen (0.5, 1.5, and
      4.5 mg/kg). The ability of elicited neutrophils to consume oxygen upon
      stimulation by serum-treated zymosan particles (STZ) was not altered in PMNs
      derived from animals treated with indomethacin or flurbiprofen, whereas a 35%
      decrease was induced by ibuprofen. Ibuprofen, but not indomethacin or
      flurbiprofen, also impaired STZ-induced PMN production of hydrogen peroxide.
      Furthermore, this inhibition was inversely related to ibuprofen doses. These data
      indicate that, in addition to their common properties to reduce leukocyte
      emigration at inflammatory sites, certain NSAIDs such as ibuprofen, but not
      flurbiprofen or indomethacin, impair particle-induced oxygen-dependent killing
      activities of elicited PMNs.

PMID- 3391688
TI  - Histamine-binding lymphocytes as a measure of reactivity to bee venom.
AB  - Reduced lymphocyte histamine-binding after in vitro exposure of whole blood
      samples to bee venom appears related to allergen reactivity. The reactivity
      demonstrated using this method matched the clinical findings and was used to
      monitor declining responses to allergen during desensitization therapy for
      hypersensitivity to bee venom. After successful desensitization to bee venom,
      patients' lymphocytes did not show decreased histamine binding following in vitro
      exposure to venom. We conclude that lymphocyte histamine-binding sites are down
      regulated by allergen-mediated histamine release in hypersensitive subjects, and
      that this response diminishes with immunotherapy. This report describes a novel
      method for the in vitro assessment of reactivity to bee venom.

PMID- 3391687
TI  - Pollen count, symptom and medicine score in birch pollinosis. A mathematical
      approach.
AB  - This study investigates the correlation between the daily birch pollen counts,
      hay fever symptoms and medicine scores. Fifteen birch pollinosis patients were
      studied during two consecutive birch pollen seasons. All had a positive history
      for birch hay fever and a positive skin prick test, nasal provocation test and/or
      conjunctival provocation test to birch pollen. The patients recorded daily
      symptom and medicine scores during February through May for two seasons.
      According to nasal/conjunctival sensitivity and medicine consumption the group
      was divided into three groups: very sensitive, sensitive, and fairly sensitive.
      The mathematical calculations were based only on the results from the two most
      sensitive groups. The relationship between symptom scores and medicine scores as
      a function of the pollen load was nonlinear. A mathematical model was calculated.
      It was found that simply adding symptom scores and medicine scores to a total
      symptom/medication score was not meaningful as a basis for a quantitative
      analysis. It was further shown that the response caused by a given pollen load
      decays exponentially with time and that this decay had a characteristic half-life
      period of about 1-2 days indicating a long-lasting effect, i.e. contribution of
      the late allergic reaction to symptoms. Both groups showed the development of
      increased medicine intake during the season for a constant pollen load. This
      indicates the development of a higher sensitivity to birch pollen during the
      season. The overall response was divided into characteristic levels based on dose
      response relationships, and pollen concentration intervals for forecasting
      purposes are suggested.

PMID- 3391689
TI  - Lack of passive transfer of renal tubulointerstitial disease by serum or
      monoclonal antibody specific for renal tubular antigens in the mouse.
AB  - Mice immunized with rabbit renal basement membranes form autoantibodies to their
      kidney glomerular and tubular basement membranes (GBM/TBM). Development of renal
      tubular disease (RTD) consists of deposition of autoantibodies along the GBM/TBM
      with the inter- and intratubular accumulation of lymphocytes and macrophages and
      destruction of the TBM. Transfer of this disease in mice with either serum or
      monoclonal antibodies, however, has been difficult to demonstrate and, therefore,
      attempts were made to confirm a report that RTD is passively transferred by anti
      TBM autoantibodies. Using the revised protocol in this later report, we found
      that 12 weeks after transfer autoantibodies were deposited along the GBM and/or
      TBM of the recipients, yet RTD was not observed. Although qualitative and
      quantitative characteristics of the antibody may play a role in the pathogenesis
      in the murine model of RTD, we could not obtain evidence to support and confirm
      this study.

PMID- 3391690
TI  - Heparin and acute inflammation in the rat.
AB  - The subcutaneous injection of heparin into the dorsal cervical region of rats 30
      min before the intrapedal administration of carrageenin significantly impaired
      the local inflammatory reaction from 2 h through to 6 h. This observation implies
      that the release of endogenous heparins from tissue mast cells may play a role in
      modulating the extent of the response to inflammatory insults.

PMID- 3391691
TI  - Allergenic properties of the genetic variants A and B of bovine beta
      lactoglobulin.
AB  - The principal allergen in cow's milk is beta-lactoglobulin (beta-Lg) which is
      normally found as equal mixtures of the A and B genetic variants in pooled milk.
      The A and B variants were purified in large amounts and fed to guinea pigs. After
      15 days, circulating immunoglobulins IgG1 and IgG2 to the milk proteins were
      detected, with a somewhat higher response to beta-Lg A than B. Sensitised guinea
      pigs succumbed to anaphylactic shock when challenged intracardially with either
      variant. The higher response is likely to be due to amino acid residues found
      only in the A variant, lying in surface regions of the molecule.

PMID- 3391692
TI  - Epilepsy and electromagnetic fields: effects of simulated atmospherics and 100-Hz
      magnetic fields on audiogenic seizure in rats.

PMID- 3391693
TI  - The composition of air in sleeping bags.

PMID- 3391694
TI  - Age at menarche: the influence of environmental conditions.

PMID- 3391695
TI  - Changes in body fluid compartments on re-induction to high altitude and effect of
      diuretics.

PMID- 3391696
TI  - Thermal responses and survival after heat exposure are modulated by maintained
      differences in body temperature in mice.

PMID- 3391697
TI  - Ambient temperature and protein level in the ration of growing pigs.

PMID- 3391698
TI  - Association between temperature and death in residential populations in Shanghai.

PMID- 3391699
TI  - Seasonal variations in the responses of glycolytic intermediates of human
      erythrocytes to acute cold exposure.

PMID- 3391700
TI  - The pulmonary circulation of some domestic animals at high altitude.

PMID- 3391702
TI  - Risk factors for cancer of the renal parenchyma.
AB  - A case-control study of cancer of the renal parenchyma (360 cases and 985
      controls) investigated lifestyle and dietary risk factors by means of a
      questionnaire survey. A lifetime history concerning urological disease and
      consumption of analgesics, tobacco, and prescribed medicines, was obtained
      together with current dietary and demographic information. Estimates of relative
      risk were calculated using logistic regression. Statistically significant
      associations were found with phenacetin-containing analgesics, urological disease
      and increasing consumption of milk. No association was found with consumption of
      aspirin, paracetamol, prescribed medicines, tea, coffee or animal proteins other
      than milk, or with the type of fat or oil used for cooking or spreading. The
      association with tobacco just failed to reach significance.

PMID- 3391701
TI  - Anti-tumor effects of tumor necrosis factor alone or combined with radiotherapy.
AB  - Recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (rHuTNF) was investigated for its ability
      to increase the response of murine tumors to ionizing radiation. Both multiple
      i.v. administrations of rHuTNF and local tumor irradiation caused a significant
      delay in tumor growth. The effect of treatment with both agents combined was
      greater than the additive effect of the individual treatments. Furthermore,
      rHuTNF significantly increased tumor radiocurability, as assessed by the TCD50
      assay. rHuTNF was not cytotoxic to tumor cells, nor did it affect their
      radiosensitivity. The in vivo anti-tumor effect of rHuTNF and its augmentation of
      tumor radioresponse were mediated through indirect mechanisms, either
      immunological or non-immunological. rHuTNF was also effective in reducing the
      damaging effect of ionizing radiation on bone-marrow progenitor cells, which
      could increase the therapeutic advantage of the rHuTNF-radiotherapy combination.
      These experiments suggest that rHuTNF is potentially beneficial in combination
      with radiotherapy.

PMID- 3391703
TI  - High-dose methotrexate: methotrexate and 7-hydroxymethotrexate diffusion in
      cerebrospinal fluid.

PMID- 3391704
TI  - Tryptophan metabolism in women with breast cancer.

PMID- 3391705
TI  - Fluid intake and bladder cancer in Utah.
AB  - A population-based, incident case-control study was conducted in Utah to assess
      the relationship between fluid intake and bladder cancer. Cancer cases (n = 419)
      were identified through the Utah Cancer Registry, and controls (n = 889) were
      obtained through random digit dialing and the Health Care Financing
      Administration. After adjustment for cigarette smoking, age, sex, history of
      diabetes, and history of bladder infections using multiple logistic regression
      analysis, total fluid intake was not found to be related to bladder cancer
      development. Specific fluids related to bladder cancer risk were milk intake (OR
      = 0.64) and caffeinated coffee intake (OR = 1.60). A linear trend for a dose
      response protective effect was observed for milk, while coffee increased risk
      only when 40 or more cups were consumed per week. Alcohol increased risk only
      when consumed at high levels (over 3.64 ounces or 103 g per week) by people who
      never smoked cigarettes (OR = 2.37). Likewise, tea consumption in non-cigarette
      smokers increased bladder cancer risk (OR = 2.25). Results from this study
      suggest that types of fluids consumed may play a role in the development of
      bladder cancer. Furthermore, it is hypothesized that the dietary components of
      these beverages may be related to the development of bladder cancer.

PMID- 3391706
TI  - Quantitative assays of epidermal growth factor receptor in human breast cancer:
      cut-off points of clinical relevance.
AB  - Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFr) assays were performed by 3 different
      methods on 246 human primary breast carcinomas. Scatchard analyses of multipoint
      binding data on 19 of the first 209 tumours, performed by a displacement method,
      demonstrated that the majority of tumours exhibited 2 classes of binding site,
      the high-affinity site with an affinity constant (KD) of mean 2 nmol/l (SD 1.3,
      range 0.44-7 nmol/l), and a low-affinity site, KD mean 9.5 nmol/l (range 6-15.5
      nmol/l). Scatchard analysis of multipoint assays using increasing concentrations
      of 125I-labelled EGF showed that saturation of the high-affinity site occurred in
      the majority of saturation of the high-affinity site occurred in the majority of
      tumours at a concentration of labelled EGF of I nM. Comparison of the KD values
      of the high-affinity site obtained from displacement assays with those obtained
      by increasing labelled EGF showed that the KD was significantly higher (p =
      0.0002) when measured by the latter method. There was no difference in binding
      capacity of the high-affinity or low-affinity sites by the 2 methods. A 2-point
      assay with I nM labelled EGF (specific activity approx. 80-130 microCi/microgram)
      correlated with quantitative values for the high-affinity site from Scatchard
      analysis (p less than 0.02). There was a strong inverse relationship between EGFr
      greater than 10 fmol/mg membrane protein (2-point assay) and ER (dextran-coated
      charcoal method), Chi-squared 2 X 2 contingency table test = 34.027, p less than
      0.0001. Follow-up data from 135 patients revealed a strong inverse relationship
      between EGFr greater than 10 fmol/mg membrane protein and oestrogen receptor (ER)
      status and a positive correlation with early recurrence and death. Our data
      describe a reproducible assay for EGFr and show that a cut-off point at 10
      fmol/mg allows clinically useful application.

PMID- 3391707
TI  - TPA enhancement of the recovery of methotrexate and N-phosphonacetyl L-aspartate
      resistant mouse 3T6 cell clones is associated with transient alterations of cell
      cycle progression.
AB  - The effects of methotrexate (MTX) and N-phosphonacetyl L-aspartate (PALA) with
      and without 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) have been tested on the
      cell-cycle traverse of mouse 3T6 and Chinese hamster V79 cell lines. MTX, whether
      administered with or without TPA, had very little effect on the cell cycle of the
      V79 Chinese hamster cell line. However, low MTX concentrations produced a
      significant G1 accumulation in the mouse 3T6 cell line after 24 hr, and this was
      accentuated by TPA treatment. These findings parallel previous observations that
      TPA enhances the recovery of MTX- and PALA-resistant mouse 3T6 cell clones but
      has little or no effect on drug-resistant colony recovery in the V79 Chinese
      hamster cell line. The possibility that the increase in accumulation of cells in
      G1 might permit the rescue of an increased proportion of cells due to the release
      of purines and pyrimidines from dying cells is discussed. Such rescue should
      occur irrespective of whether or not the cell line has the ability to amplify its
      target genes.

PMID- 3391708
TI  - Phenotypic resistance to methotrexate and N-phosphonacetyl L-aspartate is induced
      by treatment with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA).
AB  - Three different 3T6 mouse fibroblast cell clones with intrinsically different
      sensitivities to methotrexate (MTX) have been isolated from an originally
      heterogeneous population. When these 3 different clones were exposed to MTX in
      the presence of the tumour promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)
      the degree of enhancement of recovery of methotrexate resistant (MTXR) colonies
      was greatest in the most sensitive clone. MTXR colonies isolated and cultured in
      the presence and absence of MTX and TPA were analysed for dihydrofolic acid
      reductase (dhfr) levels by flow cytometry after binding of fluorescent
      methotrexate. None of the 58 clones showed major changes in dhfr levels. Dot-blot
      analysis of 12 clones indicated no increases in dhfr gene copy number or mRNA
      levels consistent with gene amplification. Southern analysis of 6 further clones
      indicated that only 1 clone isolated by multi-step selection had amplified dhfr
      sequences. TPA-enhanced mouse 3T6 N-phosphonacetyl-L-aspartate (PALA)-resistant
      colony recovery and mouse 3T3 MTXR colony recovery were also shown, by dot-blot
      analysis, not to be due to gene amplification. The data indicate that TPA can
      have a profound effect on drug-resistant colony recovery by mechanisms other than
      induction of gene amplification.

PMID- 3391709
TI  - New cell line from hairy-cell leukemia: confirmation of leukemic cell origin by
      karyotype and Ig gene analysis.
AB  - A hairy-cell leukemia (HCL) line, BNBH-I, was established from the peripheral
      blood of a 40-year-old male patient with HCL in a relatively stable clinical
      phase after splenectomy. The cells have since been growing continuously for more
      than 2 years. Their cell surface immunoglobulin (sIg) was identical with that
      found on the surface of freshly isolated leukemic cells, consisting of IgG-kappa.
      The BNBH-I cells were more mature than the original hairy cells in their degree
      of B-cell differentiation, as reflected by a decrease in sIg expression together
      with the appearance of some cytoplasmic Ig (cIg)+ cells, loss of EA gamma-rosette
      formation and reactivity with monoclonal antibody (MAb) FMC7, and an increase in
      the proportion of MAb PCA-I+ cells. The BNBH-I cells possessed the antigen
      recognized by Leu-M5, a highly specific MAb for HCL. Epstein-Barr virus nuclear
      antigen (EBNA) was present. Both the freshly isolated leukemic cells and the cell
      line had the 14q+ involving q32 chromosomal abnormality, and their Ig gene
      rearrangements were also identical. Following exposure to 12-O
      tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), both the freshly isolated leukemic cells
      and the BNBH-I cells adhered to culture dishes and extended long, thin processes,
      a phenomenon characteristic of HCL. These results indicate that the BNBH-I line
      was derived from the leukemic hairy cells.

PMID- 3391710
TI  - Dysplastic nevus. Take it or leave it?

PMID- 3391711
TI  - Metastases to the skin.
AB  - Fifty patients (26 men and 24 women) with cutaneous metastases were studied
      clinically and histologically. Analysis on the basis of the site of the primary
      tumor showed carcinoma of the lung and esophagus to be the commonest tumors
      responsible in men and carcinoma of the breast and ovaries the commonest in
      women. Metastases occurred in all areas of the skin with the chest wall the
      commonest site, especially in carcinoma of the breast. Most of the cutaneous
      metastases occurred after the primary malignancy was manifest and well advanced;
      only in two cases were they the presenting signs of the malignancy.

PMID- 3391712
TI  - Chancroid in El Salvador. Increasing incidence, clinical features, and
      therapeutics.
AB  - Ninety-five cases of chancroid were studied during a 6-month period in a
      dermatologic service in San Salvador; 88 (92.6%) were men and 7 (7.4%) were
      women, with a ratio of 12.5:1. The minimum age was 13 years and the maximum 46,
      with an average of 21 years. In most of the cases (81.05%), the incubation period
      varied from 1 to 7 days. Very painful adenopathies, enough to make walking
      difficult, were a striking feature in 69 cases (72.6%). Treatment was curative in
      all cases, except two, who received treatment with co-trifamole (sulfatrifamole
      400 mg/trimethoprim 80 mg). In two cases in which it was not possible to use co
      moxole (allergy, pregnancy), treatment was also curative using erythromycin.

PMID- 3391714
TI  - Pyoderma gangrenosum. Response to cyclosporin A.

PMID- 3391713
TI  - The HLA association of lepromatous leprosy and borderline lepromatous leprosy in
      Turkey. A preliminary study.
AB  - Among 50 patients with lepromatous leprosy and borderline lepromatous leprosy in
      Turkey, the prevalence of HLA-DR2 was 25/50 (50%). The prevalence of the same
      alleles among 50 healthy controls was 13/50 (26%).

PMID- 3391715
TI  - Embedded foreign body presenting as an umbilicated dermal nodule.

PMID- 3391716
TI  - Pili annulati. Optical and scanning electron microscopic studies.

PMID- 3391717
TI  - Corticosteroid-unresponsive pemphigus vulgaris following antiepileptic therapy.

PMID- 3391718
TI  - Primary localized cutaneous lichen amyloidosus of the vulva.

PMID- 3391719
TI  - Gingival cysts of the newborn.

PMID- 3391720
TI  - Diagnosis of leprosy.

PMID- 3391721
TI  - Treatment of acute urticaria with sublingual flunarizine.

PMID- 3391722
TI  - Efficacy of a malathion lotion for the treatment of pediculosis capitis.

PMID- 3391723
TI  - An unusual case of follicular keratosis squamosa Dohi.

PMID- 3391724
TI  - Erythema elevatum diutinum: unusual eruption during antituberculosis
      chemotherapy.

PMID- 3391725
TI  - Actinic granuloma in Mexico.

PMID- 3391726
TI  - Friction amyloidosis.
AB  - Three patients developed a peculiar pigmentation arising from prolonged
      mechanical friction with the skin due to the use of rough nylon towel or back
      scratcher for many years. Histochemical stains could not show the existence of
      amyloid in one of the cases, but amyloid deposition was identified in successive
      electron microscopic investigations in all three cases. Although "friction
      melanosis" was originally used by others to describe a close relationship between
      friction and skin pigmentation in a similar disorder, we consider the term
      "friction amyloidosis" more appropriate for specifying the important role of
      friction in causing the early stage of macular amyloidosis. Electron microscopic
      examination is of importance in establishing a firm diagnosis of this disorder.

PMID- 3391727
TI  - Medically important solar ultraviolet A. Radiation measurements.
AB  - Results from a 6-year study of solar ultraviolet A (UVA) radiation measurements
      at the equatorial location of Penang (5 degrees N) are presented. On clear days,
      the diurnal flux reaches a very high dosage of about 3.0 x 10(-2) KWHM-2 around
      midday. The average daily total flux is in the range of 1.6 x 10(-1) KWHM-2 and
      does not change much seasonally. The high 83% cloud cover only reduces the
      incoming flux to about half. The radiation flux represents a lower limit of the
      incident UVA radiation applicable to much of the equatorial/tropical region.

PMID- 3391728
TI  - The elastic tissue of the skin. A comparison of spontaneous and actinic (solar)
      aging.
AB  - In order to separate the changes of actinic damage from those of simple aging, we
      studied the elastic fibers in low and high sun-exposed skins of normal subjects
      at different ages. Low sun-exposed skin shows chronologic aging lesions only.
      These begin at age 30 with a disappearance of oxytalan fibers and with some
      abnormalities in the reticular and deep dermis; at age 40, aging changes are
      established: no oxytalan fibers, marked abnormalities, and lysis of elaunic and
      elastic fibers. In high sun-exposed skin, age-related lesions also occur but are
      associated with more or less precocious elastotic degeneration in reticular and
      deep dermis. Both types of aging fibers are revealed by the antielastin antibody
      HB 8, disappear with elastase, but resist collagenase. Actinic elastosis clearly
      originates from elastin. The two types of change differ in electron microscopic
      appearance: with spontaneous aging, elastic fibers are disintegrated (loose and
      porous fibers); in actinic damage, elastotic fibers are thicker and have
      accentuated microfibril dense masses. The age-associated lesions could be due to
      the activity of protease of fibroblastic origin whereas the elastotic
      degeneration is probably due to the actinic stimulation of fibroblasts.

PMID- 3391729
TI  - Annular syphilid mimicking granuloma annulare.

PMID- 3391730
TI  - Lipoid proteinosis.

PMID- 3391731
TI  - Toxic epidermal necrolysis after excretory pyelography. Immunologic-mediated
      contrast medium reaction?

PMID- 3391732
TI  - Cimetidine in dermatology.

PMID- 3391733
TI  - Topical vitamin E in granuloma annulare.

PMID- 3391734
TI  - Severe sexual impairment produced by morbid obesity. Report of a case.
AB  - A 45-year-old man, was admitted for investigation of severe sexual impairment.
      During 20 years of marriage, he had had no normal sexual intercourse and the
      couple was childless. Physical examination disclosed a severely obese man (weight
      300 kg, height 1.75 m), with a relatively small and invaginated penis and small
      (5 ml) soft testes. Laboratory examinations disclosed the following: low serum
      testosterone (1 ng/ml), with a reduced response to HCG (3.8 ng/ml). Sex hormone
      binding globulin was at the lower limit of normal (0.38 microgram/dl), serum free
      testosterone was low (0.98% of total testosterone) as well as non-SHBG bound
      testosterone (22% of total testosterone). Daily total urinary estrogen excretion
      was increased (107 micrograms), the plasma estrone (78 pg/ml) and estradiol (74
      pg/ml) were elevated. The gonadotropins were normal and responded adequately to
      LRH. Plasma growth hormone was decreased, prolactin, T4 and adrenal steroids were
      normal and responded normally to stimuli and inhibitors. Chromosomal constitution
      was 46XY. Thus, in this man the marked obesity produced a significant increase in
      estrogens which subsequently induced a severe decrease in testosterone and its
      free counterpart in excessive impairment of sexual function.

PMID- 3391735
TI  - Fat cell weight and number before and after gastric surgery for morbid obesity in
      women.
AB  - Fifty-one morbidly obese women were randomized and operated upon with either
      gastroplasty or gastric bypass. The patients were studied preoperatively and 12
      months after surgery. The weight loss was significantly larger after gastric
      bypass. Fat cell weight was determined from subcutaneous fat biopsies of the
      epigastric, hypogastric, femoral and gluteal regions. Intra-abdominal biopsies
      were also taken during the operation. Fat cell weight decreased significantly in
      all subcutaneous regions. Fat cell number, derived from calculated body fat and
      measured mean subcutaneous fat cell weight, decreased significantly in both
      treatment groups.

PMID- 3391736
TI  - Effects of phenylpropanolamine and isometric exercise on blood pressure.
AB  - The effects of a single dose of phenylpropanolamine (PPA) and isometric handgrip
      exercise were studied to determine whether the combination increases blood
      pressure more than either one alone. Six normotensive subjects performed 2 min of
      exercise at 30 percent of maximal effort before, 1 and 2 h after PPA 37.5 mg
      (immediate release formulation) or placebo. PPA alone increased the sitting
      systolic blood pressure at 2 h (PPA 7.2 +/- 8.2 mmHg, placebo - 1.8 +/- 3.4 mmHg,
      P = 0.016) but did not increase diastolic blood pressure. Handgrip exercise
      increased systolic and diastolic blood pressures to a similar extent 2 h after
      PPA (24.0 +/- 8.2/18.3 +/- 7.7 mmHg) or placebo (24.7 +/- 8.2/21.0 +/- mmHg).
      However, the total increase in systolic blood pressure after PPA + exercise at 2
      h (increase in resting blood pressure + increase due to exercise, 31.2 +/- 8.9
      mmHg) was greater than after placebo + exercise (22.8 +/- 9.3 mmHg, P = 0.048).
      These data suggest that the effects of PPA and handgrip exercise on blood
      pressure are additive. Because the contribution of PPA alone to the blood
      pressure increase was small and the dose of PPA used was greater than in most
      over-the-counter formulations, this interaction is probably of limited clinical
      importance.

PMID- 3391737
TI  - Inheritance of the amount and distribution of human body fat.
AB  - Despite recent advances, controversy continues about the inheritance of the
      amount and distribution of body fat. We have studied the genetic and 'cultural'
      (nongenetic) transmission between generations of the body mass index, sum of six
      skinfold measurements, percentage of body fat, fat mass, fat-free mass, and two
      indicators of fat distribution. These data were obtained in 1698 members of 409
      families, which included the following pairs of family members: spouses, (maximum
      number of pairs = 348), foster parent-adopted child (322), siblings by adoption
      (120), first-degree cousins (95), uncle/aunt-nephew/niece (88), parent-natural
      child (1239), full sibs (370), dizygotic twins (69), and monozygotic twins (87).
      The total transmissible variance ranged from about 40 percent for the amount of
      subcutaneous fat to 60 percent for the pattern of subcutaneous fat distribution.
      Biological inheritance accounted for only 5 percent of the variance for
      subcutaneous fat and the body mass index, but 20 to 30 percent for the percentage
      of body fat, fat mass, fat-free mass, and fat distribution. These data suggest
      that the amount of internal fat is influenced by heredity more than the amount of
      subcutaneous fat. Furthermore, we consistently found that nongenetic influences
      are quite important in determining the amount and distribution of body fat in the
      population. These estimates may differ in the subpopulation of obese individuals.

PMID- 3391738
TI  - Computed tomography measurement of abdominal fat deposition in relation to
      anthropometry.
AB  - In a study on the abdominal fat deposition measurements were carried out with
      computed tomography (CT) at the umbilical level in 130 patients (68 males and 62
      females), submitted to the Department of Radiodiagnosis for routine CT of the
      abdomen. Weight, height, waist and hip circumference were measured. From a single
      CT scan at the umbilical level the subcutaneous and intra-abdominal fat areas
      were calculated. In men relatively more fat was found in the abdominal cavity
      than in women. Using all possible subset regression for both subcutaneous and
      intraabdominal fat areas, the best subsets of predictor variables were examined
      for males and females separately. Quetelet index and hip circumference were good
      predictor variables, explaining more than 70 per cent of the variance of the
      subcutaneous fat in both males and females. Waist and hip circumference explained
      about 74 per cent of the variance in intra-abdominal fat in males and 56 per cent
      in females. The results indicate that the single CT scan is fairly representative
      of overall abdominal fatness and that waist and hip circumference measurements
      can provide a useful indication of the abdominal fat deposition.

PMID- 3391739
TI  - Familial aggregation of body mass index in ethnically diverse families in
      Jerusalem. The Jerusalem Lipid Research Clinic.
AB  - Familial aggregation of body mass index in different ethnic populations was
      studied in a sample of nearly 4000 families resident in Jerusalem. Covariate
      adjustments were applied to body mass index (BMI) to adjust for variation in
      means and variances with sex, age and origin and for the effect of education,
      socioeconomic status and seasonality. The analyses were done separately in each
      of the origin groups categorized according to the parents' country of birth
      (Europe, Asia, North Africa, Israel/mixed origin), in order to account for the
      heterogeneity among the groups. Parent-child correlations were generally
      homogeneous across the origin groups. Sibling correlations for BMI differed to a
      greater extent among the groups. The highest correlation was observed in the
      Asian group (r = 0.49) and the lowest in the North African group (r = 0.16).
      Pooled correlations among biological relatives across the origin groups were
      highly significant. Spouse correlation, although significant was smaller,
      suggesting a stronger influence of genes than shared environment in the
      determination of the trait. Father-child correlation was significantly higher (r
      = 0.25) than mother-child value (r = 0.19), suggesting a possible paternal
      influence on BMI. There was also asymmetry in parent-offspring correlations by
      the sex of the offspring. Sibling correlation was higher (r = 0.33) than parent
      offspring correlation (r = 0.22), suggesting that shared environment within
      generations tended to have some importance.

PMID- 3391740
TI  - Adipose tissue volume determination in males by computed tomography and 40K.
AB  - Seventeen healthy male volunteers with weights ranging from 54 to 145 kg were
      examined with a Philips Tomoscan 310. The upper attenuation limit of adipose
      tissue was determined to be -30 HU. The lower attenuation limit was set to -190
      HU. Regional and total adipose tissue volumes were calculated from the adipose
      tissue areas of 22 scans and from the distances between these scans. Three
      different mathematical formulas were used, which all gave similar results. The
      adipose tissue area of several trunk scans, as well as the elbow, showed very
      high correlations (r greater than 0.96) versus the volume determinations based on
      22 scans. The visceral adipose tissue area of scan L2-L3 showed a higher
      correlation (r = 0.986) than any other single scan versus the visceral adipose
      tissue volume. Total adipose tissue volume determinations with ten selected scans
      correlated very closely with the results obtained from 22 scans (r = 0.997). The
      adipose tissue volume of the head and neck region was 1.9 +/- 1.0 per cent of the
      total volume. Corresponding figures for other regions were: arms 6.8 +/- 1.0 per
      cent, legs 29.0 +/- 7.3 per cent, subcutaneous part of the trunk 41.4 +/- 7.4 per
      cent and the visceral region 20.9 +/- 7.0 per cent. With greater total adipose
      tissue volumes the percentage of the subcutaneous adipose tissue of the trunk
      increased (r = 0.686; P less than 0.005). There was a very strong negative
      relationship between the fractional amount of adipose tissue in the legs and in
      the trunk (r = 0.993, P less than 0.001). The potassium contents of fat-free mass
      and lean body mass were deduced to be 64.7 and 71.0 mmol/kg, respectively. These
      calculations were based on adipose tissue volume determinations by computed
      tomography, on 40K measurements and on the assumption that the volume proportions
      of fat, water and protein in adipose tissue were 85:13.7:1.3. By using computed
      tomography (CT) as a standard an optimal weight (W) for height (H) index was
      constructed by using an iterative correlation technique. The optimal index, i.e.
      highest correlation and lowest error versus ATCT was found for W/H0.9.

PMID- 3391741
TI  - Heterogeneity of noradrenergic thermic responses in obese and lean humans.
AB  - The thermic response to noradrenaline infusion was measured by indirect
      calorimetry in 40 newly referred obese subjects and 19 lean controls. A marked
      variation in response was found, more so in the obese than in the lean. In the
      lean group the lowest noradrenergic thermic response was 12.8 kJ but in the obese
      group 26 per cent had a thermic response less than this. When the thermic
      response to noradrenaline is expressed as a percentage of the resting metabolic
      rate the response was significantly (P less than 0.002) lower in the obese, 8.5
      (s.d. 6.0) per cent compared with 13.8 (s.d. 5.1) per cent in the lean. The
      lowest value in the lean group was 7.8 and 42 per cent of the obese group had
      lower values. The thermic responses in the obese group did not correlate with
      glucose:insulin ratios measured both fasting and in response to oral glucose, or
      with the cumulative rises of either free fatty acids or glycerol during the
      noradrenaline infusion. Hence the majority of obese subjects have a 'normal'
      response to infused noradrenaline, but there is a subgroup who do have a blunted
      response. This may explain to some extent the conflicting reports in the
      literature regarding the presence of otherwise of a thermic defect in obesity.

PMID- 3391742
TI  - Conformations of dehydrophenylalanine containing peptides. Nuclear Overhauser
      effect study of two acyclic tetrapeptides.
AB  - Two isomeric, acyclic tetrapeptides containing a Z-dehydrophenylalanine residue
      (delta Z-Phe) at position 2 or 3, Boc-Leu-Ala-delta Z-Phe-Leu-OMe (1) and Boc-Leu
      delta Z-Phe-Ala-Leu-OMe (2), have been synthesized and their solution
      conformations investigated by 270 MHz 1H n.m.r. spectroscopy. In peptide 1 the
      Leu(4) NH group appears to be partially shielded from solvent, while in peptide 2
      both Ala(3) and Leu(4) NH groups show limited solvent accessibility. Extensive
      difference nuclear Overhauser effect (n.O.e.) studies establish the occurrence of
      several diagnostic inter-residue n.O.e.s (Ci alpha H----Ni+1H and NiH----Ni+1H)
      between backbone protons. The simultaneous observation of "mutually exclusive"
      n.O.e.s suggests the presence of multiple solution conformations for both
      peptides. In peptide 1 the n.O.e. data are consistent with a dynamic equilibrium
      between an -Ala-delta Z-Phe- Type II beta-turn structure and a second species
      with delta Z-Phe adopting a partially extended conformation with psi values of +/
      100 degrees to +/- 150 degrees. In peptide 2 the results are compatible with an
      equilibrium between a highly folded consecutive beta-turn structure for the -Leu
      delta Z-Phe-Ala- segment and an almost completely extended conformation.

PMID- 3391743
TI  - Practical preparation and deblocking conditions for N-alpha-(2-(p-biphenylyl)-2
      propyloxycarbonyl)-amino acid (N-a-Bpoc-Xxx-OH) derivatives.
AB  - Reproducible preparations are given for salts of the following L-amino acid
      derivatives: Bpoc-Ala-OH, Bpoc-Arg(Mtr)-OH, Bpoc-Asn-OH, Bpoc-Asp(OtBu)-OH, Bpoc
      Cys(Acm)-OH, Bpoc-Cys(S-tBu)-OH, Bpoc-Gln-OH, Bpoc-Glu(OtBu)-OH, Bpoc-Gly-OH,
      Bpoc-Ile-OH, Bpoc-Leu-OH, N-alpha-Bpoc-Lys(epsilon-Boc)-OH, Bpoc-Met-OH, Bpoc-Phe
      OH, Bpoc-Pro-OH, Bpoc-Ser(OtBu)-OH, Bpoc-Thr(OtBu)-OH, Bpoc-Tyr-OH, Bpoc-Val-OH.
      A study of the deblocking of N-alpha-Bpoc peptides in dichloromethane containing
      0.5% trifluoroacetic acid revealed that a rapid equilbrium is established between
      the first-formed monomeric alkene 2-p-biphenylylpropene and the hindered dimer
      2,4-bis(p-biphenylyl)-4-methyl-1-pentene. Thioethers were found to be inefficient
      carbocation scavengers for the deblocking reaction. The most efficient scavengers
      were found to be thiophenol and benzyl mercaptan, and the following approximate
      reactivity order was established: benzyl mercaptan approximately thiophenol
      greater than indole much greater than 1,3-dimethoxybenzene approximately
      resorcinol greater than 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene approximately dimethyl sulfide
      approximately thioanisole.

PMID- 3391744
TI  - Polypeptide fluoroacetate derivatives. Synthesis and 19F n.m.r.
AB  - The synthesis and characterization of monofluoroacetyl (MFAc) functionalized
      haptens are described. These were covalently bound to polypeptide carriers
      (bovine serum albumin and poly-D-lysine) by primary amine/succinimide ester or
      primary amine/acid chloride coupling. Epitopic densities of the resulting
      antigens were determined by both 19F n.m.r. and picryl sulfonic acid assays. 19F
      n.m.r. experiments defining the stability of MFAc ester and amide linkages as a
      function of media (including in vitro), time, and temperature are presented.
      These results indicate that MFAc functionalized antigens are well suited for
      further immunologic studies.

PMID- 3391745
TI  - Proline-containing beta-turns. IV. Crystal and solution conformations of tert.
      butyloxycarbonyl-L-prolyl-D-alanine and tert.-butyloxycarbonyl-L-prolyl-D-alanyl
      L-alanine.
AB  - The conformations of the dipeptide t-Boc-Pro-DAla-OH and the tripeptide t-Boc-Pro
      DAla-Ala-OH have been determined in the crystalline state by X-ray diffraction
      and in solution by CD, n.m.r. and i.r. techniques. The unit cell of the dipeptide
      crystal contains two independent molecules connected by intermolecular hydrogen
      bonds. The urethane-proline peptide bond is in the cis orientation in both the
      molecular forms while the peptide bond between Pro and DAla is in the trans
      orientation. The single dipeptide molecule exhibits a "bent" structure which
      approximates to a partial beta-turn. The tripeptide adopts the 4----1 hydrogen
      bonded type II beta-turn with all trans peptide bonds. In solution, the CD and
      i.r. data on the dipeptide indicate an ordered conformation with an
      intramolecular hydrogen bond. N.m.r. data indicate a significant proportion of
      the conformer with a trans orientation at the urethane-proline peptide bond. The
      temperature coefficient of the amide proton of this conformer in DMSO-d6 points
      to a 3----1 intramolecular hydrogen bond. Taken together, the data on the
      dipeptide in solution indicate the presence (in addition to the cis conformer) of
      a C7 conformation which is absent in the crystalline state. The spectral data on
      the tripeptide indicate the presence of the type II beta-turn in solution in
      addition to the nonhydrogen-bonded conformer with the cis peptide bond between
      the urethane and proline residues. The relevance of these data to studies on the
      substrate specificity of collagen prolylhydroxylase is pointed out.

PMID- 3391746
TI  - WORKSAFE IOWA: good health on the job.

PMID- 3391747
TI  - Working for a safe environment.

PMID- 3391748
TI  - Malignant melanoma: a disease on the increase.

PMID- 3391750
TI  - Service coding and revenue enhancement.

PMID- 3391749
TI  - Rural health.

PMID- 3391751
TI  - Researching new drugs.

PMID- 3391752
TI  - Iowa Department of Public Health. Environmental health protection.

PMID- 3391753
TI  - AIDS education.

PMID- 3391754
TI  - Abdominal aortic aneurysms.

PMID- 3391755
TI  - Serological markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in alcoholics and
      hospital controls.

PMID- 3391756
TI  - A community based study of unmarried & married mothers.

PMID- 3391757
TI  - Primary malabsorption of magnesium. A case report.

PMID- 3391758
TI  - The effects of 5-fluorouracil on immunocompetent cells depend on the genotype of
      experimental animals used.
AB  - A detailed study was made of the effects of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) on primary and
      secondary immune responses to a T-dependent antigen in mice. Subcutaneous,
      intraperitoneal and intravenous applications gave similar results, oral
      administration was less effective. The minimal effective dose was found to be 40
      mg/kg. Inbred strains known to differ in terms of IgG immune responses were
      compared and found to respond quite differently to the drug. For example, when 5
      FU was injected 24 h before or simultaneously with antigen, IgM plaque-forming
      cell (PFC) responses of C57BL/10 mice were not substantially affected. In
      contrast, responses of A/J and Balb/c mice were suppressed 50-90% under the same
      conditions. If injected 24 h after the antigen, 5-FU inhibited PFC responses
      completely in all three strains. IgM PFC recovery was fastest in the C57BL/10
      strain and started on day 7. In secondary responses, IgM overstimulation was seen
      in C57BL/10 and Balb/c mice if 5-FU was injected once, i.e. 24 h after primary
      immunization. IgG PFC were completely suppressed in primary responses in all
      strains. In secondary responses, the decrease was influenced by the time of drug
      injection and by the genotype of the treated animal. Inhibition of isotype
      switching was greatest in low-IgG-responding C57BL/10 mice. These results
      demonstrate that genotypic variation can be substantial with respect to effects
      of 5-FU on the immune system.

PMID- 3391759
TI  - The fragile web of responsibility: AIDS and the duty to treat.

PMID- 3391760
TI  - Health care workers and the risk of HIV transmission.

PMID- 3391761
TI  - Health professions, codes, and the right to refuse to treat HIV-infectious
      patients.

PMID- 3391762
TI  - Legal risks and responsibilities of physicians in the AIDS epidemic.

PMID- 3391763
TI  - QL revisited.

PMID- 3391764
TI  - Allocating health resources.

PMID- 3391765
TI  - Death without dignity for commercial surrogacy: the case of Baby M.

PMID- 3391766
TI  - When research is best therapy.

PMID- 3391767
TI  - Professional arrogance and public misunderstanding.

PMID- 3391768
TI  - Suicide and advance directives.

PMID- 3391770
TI  - The architect reflects on the Hawaii Medical Library.

PMID- 3391769
TI  - Human selves, chronic illness, and the ethics of medicine.

PMID- 3391771
TI  - Hawaii Medical Library: the Pacific connection.

PMID- 3391772
TI  - 'Tole Mour'--the Marimed Foundation ship and the Queen's Health Care Center in
      memory of Charles S. Judd Jr., MD.

PMID- 3391773
TI  - A 'fax' in your future?

PMID- 3391774
TI  - Calibration factors for Ge detectors used for field spectrometry.
AB  - Calibration factors to convert a measured full-absorption peak count rate to
      activity in the soil and dose rate in air are given for Ge detectors that are
      used for field measurements of radionuclides. The appropriate factors for a given
      detector are derived using three primary parameters: the manufacturer's quoted
      efficiency at 1332 keV relative to a 7.6 cm (3 in.) long by 7.6 cm (3 in.)
      diameter NaI(Tl) detector, the detector's orientation in the field (up or down)
      and the Ge crystal length/diameter ratio. The accuracy of the results obtained by
      using this simplified calibration technique is estimated to be 10-15%.

PMID- 3391775
TI  - Uptake of 226Ra by established vegetation and black cutworm larvae, Agrotis
      ipsilon (class Insecta: order Lepidoptera), on U mill tailings at Elliot Lake,
      Canada.
AB  - Radium-226 levels in samples from an inactive U tailings site at Elliot Lake,
      Ontario, Canada, were: 9,140 +/- 500 mBq g-1 dry weight in the substrate; 62 +/-
      1 mBq g-1 dry weight in rye, Secale cereale, and less than 3.7 mBq g-1 dry weight
      in oats, Avena sativa, the dominant species established by revegetation of the
      tailings; and 117 +/- 7 mBq g-1 dry weight in washed and unwashed black cutworm
      larvae. Concentration ratios were: vegetation to tailings 0.001-0.007; black
      cutworms to vegetation 3.6 and black cutworms to tailings 0.01. The values are
      considered too low to be considered a hazard to herring gulls, Larus argentatus,
      which occasionally feed on cutworms.

PMID- 3391776
TI  - Organ doses from radionuclides on the ground. Part II. Non-trivial time
      dependences.
AB  - Organ dose equivalent rates and cumulative organ dose equivalents for photon
      exposures from plane sources on the ground have been calculated for 159
      radionuclides, which can be expected to be released in relevant quantities during
      accidents in nuclear reactors or reprocessing plants. For 45 of these
      radionuclides, the contributions of daughter nuclides induce a dependence of the
      dose equivalents on time, which is not approximated accurately enough by the
      method proposed for the other radionuclides in a companion article. Results are
      presented in tables which allow easy reference for radiological calculations.

PMID- 3391777
TI  - The interrelationships among plant biomass, plant surface area and the
      interception of particulate deposition by grasses.
AB  - The interrelationships among plant biomass, plant surface area and interception
      fraction were determined for the interception by corn of 238Pu-bearing particles
      released to the atmosphere from the H-Area nuclear fuels chemical separations
      facility on the U.S. Department of Energy's Savannah River Plant in Barnwell
      County, South Carolina. The relationship between interception fraction and corn
      biomass was accurately approximated by a filtration model with an absorption
      coefficient of 3.60 m2 kg-1. A filtration model with an absorption coefficient of
      2.91 m2 kg-1 accurately approximated the relationship between biomass and
      interception fraction for data compiled from the literature for a variety of
      grass species. A linear regression model accurately approximated the relationship
      between interception fraction and surface area, but was not a better predictor of
      interception fraction than the filtration model for biomass.

PMID- 3391778
TI  - Reconstruction of a human skull calibration phantom using bone sections from an
      241Am exposure case.
AB  - New York University Medical Center's Institute of Environmental Medicine
      (NYUMC/IEM) was called upon by representatives of the United States Transuranic
      Registry to reconstruct a human skull phantom for the purpose of producing a
      calibration structure to be used for determining 241Am skeletal content from in
      vivo measurements. The human skull represented a deposition pattern of 241Am in
      the bone matrix which had accumulated into the bone via natural metabolic
      processes after an accidental intake. Soon after death, the skull was sagittally
      divided and the left lateral side was analyzed radiochemically. Assuming symmetry
      of deposition, and based on measurements of the right lateral side of the skull
      performed at NYUMC/IEM as well as results of radiochemical analysis of sections
      of the left side, the activity content of the right side was estimated to be 307
      +/- 4 Bq (8.3 +/- 0.1 nCi). The right side was subsequently paired with a blank
      left lateral of a control skull and embedded into tissue-equivalent material. The
      reconstructed skull phantom was then evaluated to determine its applicability as
      a calibration phantom which could be used to estimate skeletal burdens of 241Am.

PMID- 3391779
TI  - Survey of 222Rn in North Carolina homes.

PMID- 3391780
TI  - Committed dose equivalent for 3H intakes from urinary excretion data.

PMID- 3391781
TI  - Breast radiation dose in film/screen mammography.

PMID- 3391782
TI  - A simplified conversion of S values to individual patients.

PMID- 3391783
TI  - The effects of topical povidone I solution on serum iodide levels and thyroid
      uptake of 131I in dogs.
AB  - Topical application of povidone I solution in dogs has been found to be effective
      in producing significant elevations in serum iodide concentrations within 2 h
      after application. Among dogs treated with this preparation 2 h before oral
      administration of 131I, significant thyroid blocking persisted for at least 72 h.

PMID- 3391784
TI  - Accuracy of dose calibrator linearity test.

PMID- 3391785
TI  - Comments on 'Decay rate of radiation from nuclear weapons fallout'.

PMID- 3391786
TI  - Transmissible infections in critical care.
AB  - Personnel caring for critically ill patients in emergency or trauma care
      settings, or in adult and pediatric intensive care units, face considerable risk
      of acquiring infections from their patients. Obvious infections are less
      hazardous than obscure, unsuspected, or unreported ones. Although postexposure
      prophylaxis is available in some cases, it can add its own risks for uninformed
      persons. Examples of inadvertent but unnecessary exposures, with their
      consequences, are discussed in this article. Emphasis is on how ethical and
      considerate behavior toward others, along with clinical awareness, diagnostic
      clues, and early communication with the infection control service, could have
      prevented these exposures and might do so in other instances.

PMID- 3391787
TI  - Patient perception of cardiovascular surgical patient education.
AB  - After surgery, 100 adult cardiac surgical patients participated in a study to
      determine what information was important to them and how well prepared they were.
      Questionnaires were administered 5 to 10 days after surgery and 1 to 4 weeks
      after discharge. In general patients received information that they perceived to
      be important, and they believed that preparation was more than adequate. Patients
      indicated a need to know more information about medication side effects than they
      received, and they did not desire as much information about emotional changes or
      sexual activity as the literature suggested.

PMID- 3391788
TI  - Case study in identification and maintenance of an organ donor.
AB  - The current need for transplantable organs greatly exceeds the available supply.
      This shortage is a result, in part, of the lack of awareness by health care
      professionals of the criteria that make a patient a suitable donor, and of the
      procedures required to procure healthy organs for transplantation. This article
      describes a recent case study in which the liver, heart-lung block, and kidneys
      were successfully recovered from a brain-dead patient. The discussion that
      follows explains the procedure for donor identification and maintenance, using
      the case study as an example. Special attention is given to the determination of
      brain death, the physiologic management of the donor, and the psychologic needs
      of the donor family and critical care staff.

PMID- 3391789
TI  - Importance of nurse caring behaviors as perceived by patients after myocardial
      infarction.
AB  - Our purpose was to identify nursing behaviors perceived as indicators of caring
      by patients who have had a myocardial infarction. A sample of 22 hospitalized
      patients were interviewed, with use of an open-ended question and the Caring
      Behaviors Assessment, to determine what things nurses said or did that conveyed
      caring to the patients during their stay in the coronary care unit (CCU). An
      analysis of the relative importance of each identified behavior revealed that
      nursing actions that focused on the physical care and monitoring of patients were
      seen as most indicative of caring. Teaching activities were also perceived as
      significant whereas extra, individualized aspects of care were viewed as less
      important in the critical care setting. No significant differences in perceptions
      were found on the basis of sex, age, education level, number of CCU admissions,
      or length of CCU stay. Critical care nurses should be aware that assessment
      activities and demonstration of professional competence are viewed by patients as
      significant expressions of caring.

PMID- 3391791
TI  - The challenge of nurse-physician collaborative practices: improved patient care
      provision and outcomes.

PMID- 3391790
TI  - Patients with heart rhythm disturbances: variables associated with increased
      psychologic distress.
AB  - The spectrum of psychologic distress in patients with serious heart rhythm
      disturbances (HRD) has not been well defined. A survey of personal and clinical
      background data and general psychologic status was made of 136 patients with
      serious HRD defined as sustained or symptomatic ventricular tachycardia or
      fibrillation. Two questionnaires were used: the SCL-90-R, a standard self-report
      symptom inventory of present psychologic status, and a functional capacity and
      occupational status questionnaire developed by us. Of the 105 respondents, 89
      completed both questionnaires, the results of which form the basis of this
      report. The patients with HRD were found to have significantly elevated SCL-90-R
      scores reflective of an increase in overall psychologic distress (Global Severity
      Index, Positive Symptom Distress Index, and Positive Symptom Total) as well as
      significantly higher scores on the specific constructs. Within the HRD
      population, univariate analysis revealed three variables significantly correlated
      with increased psychologic distress: (1) requiring long-term antiarrhythmic
      medication, (2) being forced to modify work status, and (3) having more advanced
      cardiac impairment. Patients who had two or more of these variables, termed risk
      factors, reported significantly more symptoms and greater psychologic distress
      than those with zero or one risk factor. We conclude that patients with serious
      HRD have greater psychologic distress than do normal subjects. Within the HRD
      group, patients requiring long-term medical treatment for their arrhythmia, those
      forced to modify work status, and those with more advanced cardiac impairment are
      at greater risk for emotional sequelae, and patients with two or more of the
      identified risk factors are more likely to have elevated psychologic
      distress.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3391792
TI  - Personality factors of critical care nurses.
AB  - Two hundred members of the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses responded
      to a mail-out survey done to determine the psychologic profile of critical care
      nurses in terms of self-esteem, gender identity, and selected personality
      characteristics. The instruments used were Cattell's 16 PR, the Personal
      Attributes Questionnaire (PAQ), and the Texas Social Behavior Inventory (TSBI).
      Their personality factors tended to be aggressive, assertive, competitive,
      persevering, moralistic, resourceful, and mechanical. The nurses who enjoyed the
      field most were of the androgynous or masculine type and had high levels of self
      esteem. On the basis of these findings, the nurse recruiter or faculty member
      doing career counseling could assess the personality characteristics, gender
      identity, and self-esteem levels of interested nurses. The goal would be to
      identify nurses who would both enjoy the field and remain active in critical care
      nursing after orientation. The goal could also be to help nurses dissatisfied
      with critical care nursing to seek means of improving their self-esteem.

PMID- 3391793
TI  - Nursing care of the patient with a pneumatic ventricular assist device.
AB  - Recent technologic advances have led to the development of safe and effective
      mechanical ventricular assist devices for clinical use. Pneumatic assist devices
      are being used at an increasing rate at a limited number of institutions
      throughout the country. One of the major factors in influencing survival of these
      critically ill patients is establishing standards of nursing care. We recently
      reviewed our experience of 41 patients who received a Pierce-Donachy ventricular
      assist device to evaluate the effectiveness of nursing care being provided to
      these patients. This article includes our most recent protocols of nursing care,
      which have evolved over the past 6 years. Nursing interventions to prevent or
      treat common complications such as bleeding, renal failure, and infection are
      discussed.

PMID- 3391795
TI  - Need satisfaction levels of family members of critical care patients and accuracy
      of nurses' perceptions.
AB  - The purpose of this research was to gather information about the level of need
      satisfaction as perceived by family members and the extent to which critical care
      nurses are able to accurately identify those areas of high and low family member
      satisfaction. A descriptive-comparative study was completed. Participants were 92
      critical care nurses and 52 family members of patients in the critical care units
      of two large general hospitals. Family members reported being more satisfied than
      dissatisfied for 43 of the 46 needs. They were relatively well satisfied with
      those needs that pertained to personal support systems, visitation, and
      information. They were less satisfied with those that related to psychologic
      aspects, the environment, and institutional support services. Critical care
      nurses were moderately accurate at identifying the extent to which family members
      perceive their needs as being met. However, numerous items were identified for
      which marked disagreement was found.

PMID- 3391794
TI  - Nursing interventions for children with a parent in the intensive care unit.
AB  - Hospitalization of a family member in an intensive care unit is a stressful event
      for the entire family. Nurses should be concerned not only with the hospitalized
      patient but with the family, as a unit. Attention is often focused on the patient
      and to a lesser extent on the spouse. The needs of the children may be neglected.
      To reduce the long-term negative effects of the crisis event on the life of the
      child, appropriate interventions should be made at the time of the crisis. It is
      important for nurses to recall emotional and cognitive phases of growth and
      development when counseling parents. This information is used to help the
      nonhospitalized parent identify the needs of the child. The nurse can act as a
      resource person for this parent in planning strategies that will prevent or
      alleviate problems for the child.

PMID- 3391796
TI  - Nursing administrators: what are their research needs? How can they support
      critical care research?

PMID- 3391797
TI  - Legislation to legalize active euthanasia.

PMID- 3391798
TI  - Nursing diagnosis in critical care.

PMID- 3391799
TI  - Distribution of protein kinase C immunoreactivity in rat retina.
AB  - A polyclonal antiserum to protein kinase C has been used to study the
      distribution of the enzyme antigenic sites in rat retina. The results indicate
      that the kinase is concentrated in photoreceptor outer segments as well as in the
      outer and inner plexiform layers. In identified components of retinal neuronal
      circuits, the kinase immunoreactivity is present in photoreceptor presynaptic
      terminals, in bipolar cell dendrites and axons, and probably in bipolar cell
      presynaptic terminals impinging on retinal ganglion cell dendrites. Thus, protein
      kinase C is positioned to play a role in specialized compartments of
      photoreceptor membrane and at both pre- and postsynaptic levels in the function
      of retinal neuronal circuits. Label in the nucleus is observed in retinal
      ganglion cells, but not bipolar or horizontal cells and probably not in amacrine
      cells. A role for protein kinase C in neuronal function at the level of the cell
      nucleus is therefore not likely to be universal, but to be determined by the
      particular properties of individual neuronal types.

PMID- 3391800
TI  - Membrane-bound Ca2+ distribution visualized by chlorotetracycline fluorescence
      during morphogenesis of soredia in a lichen.
AB  - In the lichen Parmelia caperata (L.) Ach. the distribution pattern of membrane
      bound Ca2+ is investigated in the symbionts by chlorotetracycline (CTC)-induced
      fluorescence during the development of propagative structures, the soredia. The
      results demonstrate that Ca2+ accumulation in the alga and the fungus is
      associated with this morphogenetic process; particularly, polarized hyphal growth
      involves a tip-to-base Ca2+ gradient. CTC fluorescence distribution is coincident
      with that of cholinesterase (ChE) activity during morphogenesis of soredia. A
      comparison is suggested with 'embryonic ChE' of animal cells, where developmental
      events are regulated by a cholinergic mechanism that also modulates Ca2+ levels.

PMID- 3391801
TI  - Specific binding of peanut agglutinin and soybean agglutinin to chondroitinase
      ABC-digested cartilage proteoglycans: histochemical, ultrastructural
      cytochemical, and biochemical characterization.
AB  - The binding of peanut agglutinin (PNA) and soybean agglutinin (SBA) to cartilage
      proteoglycans was investigated by histochemical, ultrastructural cytochemical,
      and biochemical methods. Following aldehyde fixation, specimens of rat epiphyseal
      cartilage were examined by horseradish peroxidase-labelled lectin cytochemistry
      with and without prior digestion in chondroitinase ABC. At the light microscope
      level neither PNA nor SBA exhibited any affinity for cartilage matrix, but became
      strongly bound following chondroitinase treatment. Similarly, at the
      ultrastructural level, extracellular matrix granules, presumed to be proteoglycan
      monomer(s), lacked PNA affinity in undigested specimens, and stained very weakly
      with SBA. Both PNA and SBA weakly to moderately stained the trans cisternae of
      the Golgi-flattened cisternae in chondrocytes. The chondrocyte plasmalemma lacked
      PNA staining, but reacted weakly with SBA. Following chondroitinase digestion,
      PNA and SBA stained matrix granules, and the cell surface of chondrocytes
      intensely, whereas the Golgi trans cisternae, the Golgi-derived vacuoles, and
      multivesicular bodies demonstrated weak to moderate reactivity. Proteoglycan
      aggregates purified from rat chondrosarcoma and bovine nasal cartilage bound PNA
      and SBA avidly after digestion with chondroitinase. Undigested proteoglycans
      lacked affinity for PNA and reacted very weakly with SBA. These results indicate
      that both PNA and SBA specifically react with chondroitinase-modified
      oligosaccharide(s) bound to core proteins of cartilage proteoglycans. This
      provided a specific histochemical and ultrastructural cytochemical procedure for
      localizing chondroitin sulphate-containing proteoglycans.

PMID- 3391804
TI  - International clinical trials in radiation oncology. ICTRO. Developmental
      conference. Paris, France, April 13-16, 1986. Proceedings.

PMID- 3391803
TI  - Sequence analysis of the HLA-DR beta and HLA-DQ beta loci from three Pemphigus
      vulgaris patients.
AB  - Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is an autoimmune dermatologic disease that has been
      associated with the HLA serotypes DR4 and DRw6. In studying this association at
      the level of coding sequence polymorphism, we have determined the nucleotide
      sequences of the second variable exons from the HLA-DR beta and DQ beta loci from
      three PV patients with the HLA serotypes DR4/4, DR4/5, and DR4/5. These exons
      were enzymatically amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and cloned
      directly into an M13 vector for DNA sequencing. Analyses of amino acid sequences
      translated from the nucleotide sequence data show that all three patients
      contained a DR4 DR beta I sequence associated with the Dw10 DR4 subtype
      specificity, a relatively rare subtype among U.S. Caucasian DR4 haplotypes. The
      DQ beta sequence from three of the four DR4 haplotypes was identical to the
      sequence (DQB3.2) found on 60-80% of control DR4 haplotypes. These observations
      suggest that the amino acid residues at position 68, 69, and 72 of the DR beta I
      chain that distinguish Dw10 from the other DR4 subtypes may be involved in
      disease susceptibility.

PMID- 3391802
TI  - Cytochemical studies of hydrogen peroxide production in the tadpole tail of Rana
      japonica during metamorphic climax.
AB  - The degeneration of tadpole tail tissue was investigated cytochemically by
      localizing the sites of hydrogen peroxide production. A cerium perhydroxide
      precipitation method was used. No reaction product was found in resting
      macrophages and intact muscle fibres during premetamorphosis. In the
      metamorphosis phase, extensive cerium precipitates were visualized on the outer
      surface of the plasma membrane of phagocytotic macrophages, fibroblasts,
      neutrophils, epidermal cells, muscle fibres, notochordal cells, nerve cells and
      capillary endothelial cells. The reaction products were localized on those parts
      of the plasma membranes of the macrophages that were in contact with those of
      adjoining cells. When catalase were added, the amount of deposits decreased.
      alpha-Tocopherol and indomethacin, but not dexamethasone, significantly inhibited
      the formation of the reaction products. These findings are taken to indicate that
      active oxygen is produced on the plasma membrane of activated macrophages and may
      play a role in the degeneration of the tail tissue.

PMID- 3391805
TI  - The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC).

PMID- 3391806
TI  - International Clinical Trials in Radiation Oncology. Radiobiology.

PMID- 3391807
TI  - Combined external irradiation and interstitial implantation for T1 and T2
      epidermoid carcinomas of base of tongue: the Creteil experience (1971-1981).
AB  - Forty-eight patients with T1 or T2 epidermoid carcinomas of the base of tongue
      were treated at the Henri Mondor Hospital between 1971 and 1981. Forty-one
      patients received moderate dose 60Co external beam irradiation (mean: 48.6 Gy) to
      the primary tumor and regional nodes, followed by an interstitial iridium 192
      implant to the primary tumor (mean: 32 Gy). This completed the treatment for the
      30 node negative patients, but those with clinically positive nodes were managed
      by either an additional electron beam boost to the involved nodes or a neck
      dissection. Seven tumors were treated exclusively by implantation to the base of
      tongue (mean: 63 Gy). Five-year crude disease-free survival is 50% with 35% of
      patients dying of recurrent disease. Definitive local control for T1 lesions is
      85% (11/13) and for T2 is 71% (25/35). A dose response effect was observed with
      local control of 79% (26/33) obtained with a combined dose greater than or equal
      to 75 Gy, but only 50% (4/8) for less than or equal to 70 Gy. For N0 patients
      definitive regional control is 97% and for N1-3 is 89%. Minor or moderate soft
      tissue ulceration was observed in 12 patients, including 3 cases that progressed
      to osteonecrosis. None required surgical intervention. No correlation exists
      between necrosis and tumor size or total dose.

PMID- 3391808
TI  - Re-irradiation of locally recurrent tumors with fast neutrons.
AB  - Forty-six patients with locally recurrent disease were re-irradiated with fast
      neutrons at Fermilab. All had received prior radical radiation therapy either
      with or without surgery. Six were palliative. Forty patients treated with
      curative intent were analyzed for local response, survival, and complications.
      The overall response rate was 78% (31/40); 50% (20/40) had a complete local
      response. Ten of 16 patients (63%) with non-epidermoid carcinomas in the head and
      neck regions had complete response, whereas only nine of twenty patients (45%)
      with epidermoid carcinomas were complete responders. In a subset of 12 patients
      with salivary gland type tumors, 10 had a complete response (83%). Two of these
      10 patients are alive beyond 5 years. Observed median survival for the forty
      patients was 9.3 months, and for complete responders 14.4 months. Observed median
      survival for partial responders was only 7.5 months. Four of six patients treated
      for palliation had significant subjective improvement. Significant morbidity,
      Grade III or greater (EORTC/RTOG scale), was seen in only 10 patients (25%), and
      this was found to depend directly on the total dose delivered. We conclude that
      neutron beam therapy can be used as a therapeutic modality for patients with
      recurrent tumors with an acceptable degree of morbidity.

PMID- 3391809
TI  - Potentiation of combination chemotherapy by nitroheterocyclics.
AB  - The effect of including a nitroimidazole in a treatment regimen combining two
      alkylating chemotherapeutic agents was evaluated in a mouse tumor model. KHT
      sarcoma-bearing female C3H/HeJ mice were treated with a single dose of 1-(2
      chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) either alone or in combination
      with the radiosensitizer misonidazole (MISO) prior to a range of cyclophosphamide
      (CY) doses. CCNU (5 mg/kg) preceded CY treatment by 3 hr. MISO (1 mmol/kg) was
      given 1 hr after CCNU (2 hr prior to CY). Tumor response was assessed using
      either an in vitro to in vivo clonogenic cell survival assay 22-24 hr after
      treatment or an in situ delay of tumor regrowth assay. The results demonstrated
      that the inclusion of MISO at a dose of 1.0 mmol/kg increased tumor cell kill
      resulting from the combination of CCNU-CY by a factor of 1.4-1.5 compared to that
      seen in the absence of the nitroimidazole. Normal tissue toxicity resulting from
      the CCNU-CY or CCNU-MISO-CY combinations was determined by measuring bone marrow
      stem cell (CFU-S or CFU-GM) toxicity. Compared to CCNU-CY alone, the addition of
      MISO did not enhance this normal tissue toxicity. These findings indicate that
      the inclusion of MISO in a combination chemotherapy protocol may yield a
      significant therapeutic benefit.

PMID- 3391810
TI  - Decreased bone growth arrest in weanling rats with multiple radiation fractions
      per day.
AB  - The relative growth arrest caused by fractionated irradiation delivered in single
      or multiple daily fractions was studied in weanling rats. Twenty-two day old male
      rats were treated to a total dose of either 20 or 25 Gy in five consecutive days
      to the distal femoral and proximal tibial epiphyses of the right and left leg.
      For each dose three treatment groups were followed for longitudinal tibial growth
      as measured on serial radiographs: (a) no treatment, (b) 5 fractions in 5 days or
      (c) 10 fractions in 5 days. Tibial length was significantly greater in the legs
      treated with twice-daily fractions (TDF) as compared with single daily fractions
      (SDF) with 23% and 27% sparing of growth arrest (at 200 days) in legs treated to
      total doses of 20 and 25 Gy respectively (p less than 0.001). This appeared to
      result from a continuously greater rate of growth during the first 40-50 days
      following TDF irradiation as compared with SDF. These data suggest that
      hyperfractionation may provide a means of reducing growth deficits in children
      when skeletal growth centers must be included in the irradiated volume.

PMID- 3391811
TI  - Immediate effect of irradiation on microvasculature.
AB  - The immediate effects of irradiation on microvasculature in muscle in an animal
      model are described in this paper. By using triple isotopes of 125I, 131I, and
      22Na, the transcapillary transfer of albumin from the vascular bed to the
      extravascular space is determined in terms of mg/g of tissue, after single doses
      of 2 to 14 Gy. These results reveal an increase in the extravascular albumin
      immediately after irradiation and suggest an instantaneous compromise in vascular
      permeability even after 2 Gy. This effect was apparently dose related.

PMID- 3391812
TI  - Tumor bed expression in xenografted artificial heterogeneous colon tumors.
AB  - Artificial heterogeneous xenograft tumors (AHTs) were produced by injecting
      admixtures of two clonal cell lines (A and D) originally isolated from the DLD-1
      human colon adenocarcinoma. The volumetric growth of unirradiated pure A or D
      tumors and 2 different admixtures (approximately 90% A + 10% D or 10% A + 90% D)
      were compared to growth of similar tumors growing in normal tissue stroma that
      had received 5, 10, or 15 Gy of X rays 1 day prior to cell injections. The X
      irradiations produced a dose dependent delay in growth at sizes of 500 mm3
      (designated as the tumor bed effect, TBE) for both pure and admixed tumors of
      about 2 at 15 Gy. There were no significant differences in TBE among the various
      groups. Also, determination of tumor cell yields, or colony forming efficiencies,
      showed no differences among tumors growing in undamaged or damaged stroma.
      However, beginning at about 20 days postirradiation, there was a significant
      change in the percentage composition of the tumors growing in the irradiated
      stroma. Both admixtures became significantly enriched in the subpopulation that
      was originally predominant. In contrast, the percentage compositions of the
      admixtures growing in unirradiated stroma remained stable over the duration of
      the experiment period (to about 70 days postirradiation). We interpret these data
      to indicate that the radiation damage to the normal tissue produced an intratumor
      environment leading to competitive exclusion dynamics of the minority
      subpopulation. Clinical implications of these results are discussed.

PMID- 3391813
TI  - The effect of hyperthermia on the early and late appearing mouse foot reactions
      and on the radiation carcinogenesis: effect on the early and late appearing
      reactions.
AB  - The effect of hyperthermia on radiation-induced early- and late-appearing foot
      reactions was studied in C3Hf/Sed mice derived from our defined flora mouse
      colony. The animal foot was irradiated with 137Cs gamma-rays under hypoxic, air,
      or hyperbaric oxygen (O2 30 psi) conditions. Hyperthermia of 43.5 degrees C for
      45 min was given locally in a water bath where a constant temperature +/- 0.1
      degrees C was maintained. Treatment intervals between the 2 treatments were 20
      min and 2 days. For the early-appearing reactions scores taken between the 14th
      and 35th post-irradiation days were averaged. Late-appearing reactions became
      apparent after approximately the 200th post-treatment day and increased with
      time. The foot reaction was enhanced by hyperthermia given 20 min before or after
      irradiation. Dose response curves for radiation given 20 min after hyperthermia
      for acute-appearing reactions lacked shoulders, whereas those following the same
      treatment schedule for late-appearing reactions showed significant shoulders. The
      thermal enhancement ratios (TER) for score 2.0 (complete epilation) early- and
      late-appearing reactions depended on the treatment interval and sequence. The TER
      values were greater for a short treatment interval (20 min.) than for a long
      treatment interval (2 days). Thermal enhancement was greater for hyperthermia
      given before irradiation compared to the reverse sequence. The TER values were
      always smaller for the late-appearing reactions than for the acute-appearing
      reactions. The relationships between early reaction scores and late reaction
      scores showed that the late reactions following combined heat and radiation are
      less extensive than those following radiation alone if they were compared at
      radiation doses which induced an equal level of early reactions. This difference
      was most significant at low early reaction scores and decreased with increasing
      score level.

PMID- 3391814
TI  - Dosimetric calculations and measurements of gold plaque ophthalmic irradiators
      using iridium-192 and iodine-125 seeds.
AB  - The dosimetry of ophthalmic plaques designed to hold iridium-192 or iodine-125
      seeds is investigated experimentally and by means of a computer model. A phantom
      for thermoluminescent dosimetry (TLD) which permits measurements to within 2 mm
      of the plaque surface is described. TLD data are compared with model calculations
      that take into account the active length of the seeds, anisotropy of dose
      distribution from single seeds, and scatter within the phantom. An isotropic
      point source calculational model is accurate for clinical calculations,
      particularly at depths greater than 5 mm. Relative central axis dose measurements
      for 125I in a gold plaque are also in agreement with the model. Comparisons of
      192Ir, 125I and 60Co plaques are presented. The relative advantages of using
      these isotopes in eye plaques are discussed.

PMID- 3391815
TI  - Pre-radiation chemotherapy for infants and poor prognosis children with
      medulloblastoma.
AB  - Beginning in 1984, we started a prospective study to evaluate the role of
      postoperative, pre-radiation chemotherapy in the treatment of infants and poor
      prognosis children with medulloblastoma. The study was designed to evaluate the
      role of pre-radiation chemotherapy in two specific patient populations: (a)
      children under the age of 2 years in which there was an attempt to delay
      definitive radiation and thus reduce the risk of toxicity to the developing
      nervous system; and (b) children over age 2 years with Stage T3 and T4 disease
      who were known to have a relatively poor prognosis with surgery and radiation.
      The five patients under age 2 years received cisplatinum (100 mg/m2) every 3
      weeks and weekly vincristine (1.5 mg/m2) for a total of 9 weeks. Nitrogen mustard
      (6 mg/m2), procarbazine (100 mg/m2), and vincristine (1.5 mg/m2) (MOP) were given
      in 28 day cycles as long as there was no disease progression or until the child's
      second birthday, at which time the children were referred for radiation therapy.
      The 13 patients over 2 years of age received the 9 week course of cisplatinum and
      vincristine and then began radiation. Responses measured by computed tomography
      were obtained in 10 of 12 children with measurable disease at the start of
      chemotherapy. With a median follow-up of 22 months, 15 of 18 children were alive
      and free of disease. Except for mild ototoxicity in one child, the acute side
      effects have been well tolerated. In conclusion, it appears that some infants can
      have their radiation delayed until the age of 2 years. Although the follow-up
      time was short, all but three patients were free of disease, time exceeding the
      median time to failure with radiation alone. Pre-radiation chemotherapy might
      improve local control and survival in children with advanced stage
      medulloblastoma.

PMID- 3391817
TI  - MR characterization of brain and brain tumor response to radiotherapy.
AB  - This paper describes our experience in using the T1 and T2 relaxation times for
      quantitative evaluation of brain and brain tumor response to radiation therapy.
      Twenty-two computed T1 and 22 computed T2 images were obtained from 66 routine
      inversion-recovery and spin-echo magnetic resonance (MR) brain scans. The
      relaxation times of the brain tissues, determined from the computed images, were
      examined as a function of the absorbed dose. Statistical evaluation of the
      results showed no significant difference between the relaxation times of
      irradiated and not irradiated tissues, including tumor and normal white matter.
      Influence of the magnetic field strength and imaging techniques on the computed
      T1 and T2 values was confirmed. We conclude that the relaxation time values, as
      obtained today using conventional MR scanner and standard software, are not
      specific enough to warrant a correct assessment of the acute radiation effect on
      the brain tissues.

PMID- 3391816
TI  - Cosmetic results in early breast cancer treated with lumpectomy, peri-operative
      interstitial irradiation, and external beam radiation.
AB  - Patients with operable breast cancer were treated at the University of Kansas
      Medical Center with lumpectomy, peri-operative interstitial Iridium, and external
      beam radiotherapy, and concomitant adjuvant chemotherapy in a majority of node
      positive cases. Examination of the cosmetic results in 85 breasts followed for at
      least 2 years, at a median of 41 months revealed 20% to be excellent, 44% to be
      very good, 24% good, 9% fair, and 4% to have poor results. In this paper cosmesis
      is analyzed with reference to the size of the primary, its location, age of the
      patient, whether the patient received adjuvant chemotherapy, and whether the
      regional nodes were treated. In this group of patients, the size and the site of
      the primary, patient's age, and whether adjuvant chemotherapy was administered or
      not, did not adversely affect the aesthetic outcome. Treatment of the regional
      nodes gave a worse mean cosmetic score compared to the group in whom only the
      breast was treated (37.51 vs. 58.98 respectively, p less than 0.001). Among the
      11 patients with fair/poor cosmesis, all had regional nodal treatment, 7/11 had
      inner quadrant lesions, and 7/11 had lesions greater than T1. Further follow-up
      and accrual would be needed to confirm our results and affirm if other factors
      would change.

PMID- 3391818
TI  - The preservation of potency after external beam irradiation for prostate cancer.
AB  - A prospective study was undertaken to assess the relationship of potency before
      irradiation to the chance of maintaining potency after irradiation. For men who
      were truly sexually active prior to radiation (defined as having intercourse
      three or more times per month and having full erections) the chance of
      maintaining potency was 73%. For men who were borderline sexually active, the
      chance of maintaining potency was markedly decreased to 40-46%. Thus, the truly
      potent patient has a greater chance of maintaining potency than the borderline
      potent patient. This information can be helpful to oncologists as they counsel
      recently diagnosed prostate cancer regarding the optimal method of cancer
      management.

PMID- 3391819
TI  - A new radioisotope technique of splenic localization for radiation treatment.
AB  - A new technique of splenic localization, before initiating radiation therapy in
      patients with Hodgkin's disease, is described. We find this method of splenic
      localization economical and accurate.

PMID- 3391821
TI  - Radiation complications for Hodgkin's disease and seminoma: assessing the
      risk:benefit ratio.

PMID- 3391820
TI  - Monte Carlo and analytic calculation of absorbed dose near 137Cs intracavitary
      sources.
AB  - This paper presents dose-rate tables and treatment planning data needed to
      accurately implement the Sievert line-source integral, found on most commercial
      computer-aided treatment planning systems, for two recently introduced 137Cs
      intracavitary sources. One source uses a high-density active core designed to
      reproduce the non-elliptical isodose curves characteristic of the traditional
      radium tube. The other source consists of two or three discrete 137Cs seeds
      encapsulated in stainless steel. Using Monte Carlo dose-rate calculations as the
      standard of accuracy, we show that the Sievert model, using conventionally
      defined filtration corrections, overestimates kerma-rate in free space by as much
      as 20%. In addition, tissue attenuation and scatter build-up factors, derived
      from an isotropic point source, do not accurately characterize the distribution
      of scatter dose about heavily filtered sources. By varying the input parameters
      of the Sievert line-source integral so as to optimize its agreement with the more
      rigorous Monte Carlo data, accuracy of 3% can be achieved.

PMID- 3391822
TI  - Prospective prediction of postradiotherapy pulmonary function with regional
      pulmonary function data: promise and pitfalls.

PMID- 3391823
TI  - Response to editorial "Dose volume histograms in treatment planning".

PMID- 3391824
TI  - Response to editorial "Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin: diagnostic and
      management considerations".

PMID- 3391825
TI  - Complications from large field intermediate dose infradiaphragmatic radiation: an
      analysis of the patterns of care outcome studies for Hodgkin's disease and
      seminoma.
AB  - There are only infrequent complications from intermediate dose infradiaphragmatic
      radiation to the para-aortics or para-aortic and iliac nodal regions as given in
      Hodgkin's disease or seminoma. Nonetheless, such complications can cause
      significant debility and may be lifelong. Treatment related factors associated
      with such complications should be identified and where possible, avoided. We have
      analyzed the records of 1,026 patients treated nationwide in the Patterns of Care
      Outcome. Studies including the Hodgkin's national practice survey (387 patients),
      Hodgkin's large facility survey (253 patients), and Seminoma national practice
      survey (386 patients). There were 883 patients who received infradiaphragmatic
      radiation to the para-aortics or para-aortic and iliac regions. Complications
      which occurred in these patients included gastrointestinal injury, hepatitis,
      nephritis, gonadal injury, hematopoietic injury, second malignancy, and
      miscellaneous others. There were 139 complications of any severity and 35 major
      complications requiring hospitalization for management. The 3-year actuarial
      complication rates were 14% and 4% for any and major complications, respectively.
      There was a statistically significant increase in both any complications and
      major complications with dose (p less than .01). The most frequent complications
      were those related to gastrointestinal injury such as peptic ulceration,
      hemorrhage, chronic diarrhea, and intestinal obstruction. Major bowel
      complications comprised 60% (21/35) of major complications and increased with
      dose from 1% for doses less than 3,500 cGy to 3% for doses greater than or equal
      to 3,500 cGy (p = .03). This study indicates that total dose is an important
      factor in determining complications, particularly gastrointestinal injury, in
      patients receiving infradiaphragmatic radiation in Hodgkin's disease and seminoma
      and that prior G.I. disease is associated with an increased risk of radiation
      related bowel complication. The radiotherapist should seek to optimize the
      therapeutic ratio in these diseases where gross disease can be controlled with
      3500 cGy or less with few exceptions.

PMID- 3391826
TI  - Failure patterns and survival in pediatric soft tissue sarcoma.
AB  - We retrospectively analyzed 44 patients with localized soft tissue sarcomas who
      were seen and treated at the JCRT, DFCI, and TCH between 1970-1984. Patients with
      rhabdomyosarcoma were excluded. Primary tumors were located in the following
      sites: extremities 19 (43%), head and neck 9 (20%), and trunk 16 (37%). Median
      follow-up for survivors was 7.7 years (range 24 mo-16 years). Surgery was the
      initial aspect of treatment for all patients. All patients also received post
      operative irradiation, 43 at presentation and one at local relapse, and 26
      received adjuvant chemotherapy. Radiation was delivered to a dose of 4000 cGy
      (median) followed by a boost to a median dose of 5760 cGy (range 4500-7000 cGy).
      Actuarial 5- and 10-year disease-free survivals (DFS) were 70% and 59% while the
      actuarial 5- and 10-year overall survivals (OS) were both 75%. All parameters
      were assessed for significance by univariate analysis. OS was significantly
      affected by presenting stage when analyzed according to both the Intergroup
      Rhabdomyosarcoma Staging System (IRS) and the American Joint Committee on Cancer
      system (AJCC). For the IRS, OS at 10 years was 100% for Stage I, 72% for Stage
      II, and 54% for Stage III (p = 0.04). For the AJCC, OS at 10 years was 100% for
      Stage I and 65% for Stage II and III (p = 0.05). Primary site, histology, and use
      of adjuvant chemotherapy did not influence OS or DFS. Fourteen patients failed: 8
      local, 1 distant, and 5 combined local and distant. There was no LF among the 9
      pts. with primary lesions less than 5 cm compared to 11/29 (39%) whose tumor was
      greater than 5 cm (p = 0.04). Pts. with gross residual disease had a local DFS of
      42%, but those with no residual or microscopic residual had a local DFS of 71% (p
      = 0.02). In conclusion, childhood STS has an excellent OS (75% at 10 years).
      Tumor size and residual tumor after surgery strongly predicted for local failure.
      Of interest, the pattern of failure is predominantly local in our series. This
      suggests that more aggressive local treatment is indicated in management of
      children with STS. Higher doses of irradiation as used for adult STS are probably
      indicated for patients with gross residual disease.

PMID- 3391828
TI  - Radiation myelitis and survival in the radiotherapy of lung cancer.
AB  - A previous survey of patients who survived more than 6 months after radiotherapy
      for carcinoma of the bronchus using a 6 fraction regimen revealed a considerable
      incidence of radiation myelitis. In a further survey, in which the data bank has
      been increased from a total of 303 to 754 cases, analyses have confirmed that
      radiation myelitis occurs once a threshold dose of 33.5 Gy to the spinal cord has
      been reached. The incidence was positively related to the hemoglobin
      concentration, but not to the blood pressure at the time of radiotherapy. In the
      same group of patients survival was positively related to radiation dose, the
      hemoglobin concentration, and the systolic blood pressure. In other patients who
      were treated with 6 fractions, but who received a lower minimum tumor dose,
      either because this was planned or as a result of cord shielding, no relationship
      was shown between survival and radiation dose, hemoglobin concentration and
      systolic or pulse pressure. Radiosensitivity is dependent upon the oxygen
      concentration which, in normal tissues, is related to the hemoglobin
      concentration and in tumor to both the hemoglobin and the systolic blood
      pressure. The achievement of a threshold radiation dose appears essential before
      these prognostic factors become relevant.

PMID- 3391827
TI  - Ewing's sarcoma: surgical resection as a prognostic factor.
AB  - A retrospective review of 46 cases of Ewing's (43) and extraosseous Ewing's (3)
      sarcoma was performed to examine for prognostic factors. Follow-up ranged from 27
      to 135 months with a mean of 77.6 months, 86% greater than 36 months. Nine (20%)
      patients presented with distant metastases, 98% received multiagent chemotherapy,
      and 98% received radiation therapy. Overall actuarial survival and local control
      at 5 years were .52 +/- .08 and .78 +/- .07, respectively. The freedom from
      relapse or treatment related mortality at 5 years was .46 +/- .08. In 12 (26%)
      patients, surgical resection of the involved bone or soft tissue was part of the
      initial treatment plan. Ninety-two percent (11/12) of these patients also
      received radiation therapy. In addition to surgical resection, tumor size (less
      than 500 cc vs. greater than or equal to 500 cc), primary site (central vs.
      other), and stage were also analyzed for prognostic significance, and where
      appropriate, were included in Cox multivariate analyses. Considering all
      patients, the 5-year actuarial survival was .92 +/- .08 vs. .37 +/- .09 for
      patients receiving and not receiving surgical resection, respectively (p = .001
      by logrank, p = .02 by Cox). To make the groups more comparable, 8 patients with
      local failure and 5 patients with non-evaluable primary sites were excluded.
      After these exclusions, the presence or absence of surgical resection had
      decreased significance: .92 +/- .08 vs. .59 +/- .11, respectively; p = .01 by
      logrank, p = .07 by Cox. Only primary site remained statistically significant:
      .86 +/- .08 for noncentral sites vs. .38 +/- .16 for central sites, p less than
      .0002 by logrank, p = .0004 by Cox. Surgical resection when added to local
      irradiation has prognostic significance in this retrospective review. The reason
      for this is not clear, but may be related to a decrease in local failure after
      resection.

PMID- 3391829
TI  - Prospective prediction of post-radiation therapy lung function using quantitative
      lung scans and pulmonary function testing.
AB  - Surgeons have made use of quantitative perfusion lung scanning (QS) and forced
      expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) to predict a patient's ability to tolerate
      lung resection. In this study QS and FEV1 were used to predict prospectively
      pulmonary function following lung irradiation (XRT). Twenty-two patients have had
      QS and FEV1 determined before XRT and at planned intervals post-XRT. Serial
      determination of lung function post-XRT allows comment on the temporal nature of
      the XRT effect on lung function. Seventeen patients had QS and FEV1 determined at
      an interval of 2-6 months post-irradiation with a drop in the groups mean FEV1
      from 1.91 to 1.87L. or 2% during that interval. In the interval from 6-12 months
      post-XRT, 13 patients had studies with the groups mean FEV1 dropping from 1.79 to
      1.58L or 12% of the original. In the interval from 12-18 months, 6 patients had a
      decline in mean FEV1 from 1.73 to 1.56L. or 10% of the original. In 22 patients a
      predicted final FEV1 was compared with a measured value at an interval from XRT.
      Fourteen of these determinations were at intervals greater than 6 months from the
      start of XRT and 6 at intervals of greater than 1 year. FEV1 was seen to drop
      during the follow-up intervals toward the predicted value. In only 2 patients did
      the final FEV1 drop below the predicted FEV1 and never by more than 0.12L. (6%).
      In summary, a method for predicting post-XRT pulmonary function using QS and FEV1
      is described. Serial follow-up revealed a latent period followed by a late phase
      where FEV1 fell toward, but not significantly below, the predicted value. Such a
      determination can be of value in formulating a treatment plan for patients with
      significantly diminished pulmonary function.

PMID- 3391830
TI  - [A community project in India].

PMID- 3391831
TI  - [Report on health status and midwives' working conditions in Uruguay].

PMID- 3391832
TI  - Empathy--innate gift or learnable skill?

PMID- 3391833
TI  - Estimation of the costs of mastitis, using National Animal Health Monitoring
      System and milk somatic cell count data.
AB  - Data collected by the National Animal Health Monitoring System in Ohio for a 12
      month period during 1986 and 1987 were used to determine the relative magnitude
      of costs associated with mastitis in the following categories: milk production
      loss, veterinary services, drugs, producer labor, and "other" factors. The cost
      of milk loss associated with mastitis that was reported by producers cooperating
      in the National Animal Health Monitoring System program was compared with
      estimates based on bulk tank somatic cell counts and individual cow milk somatic
      cell counts. Using producer-reported estimates, milk loss accounted for about one
      third of the total cost associated with mastitis. When estimates of milk loss
      were replaced by estimates based on bulk tank somatic cell counts, milk loss
      accounted for over 80% of the total cost of mastitis. Estimates of the cost of
      milk loss based on studies relating milk yield to somatic cell counts differed
      considerably. Consequently, it was unclear how to best estimate the relative
      magnitude of the milk loss component of mastitis costs.

PMID- 3391834
TI  - Comparison of serologic tests for detection of antigen in canine heartworm
      infections.
AB  - In 30 random-source dogs, we determined sensitivity and specificity of 5
      serologic tests for detection of canine heartworm antigens. Seventeen of the dogs
      were infected naturally with adult Dirofilaria immitis, and 4 of the infected
      dogs were amicrofilaremic. The ability of the serologic tests to predict whether
      a dog was infected or uninfected (overall test accuracy) ranged from 73 to 97%.
      Sensitivity was not affected by circulating D immitis microfilariae, but was
      markedly influenced by the number of adult D immitis present. False-positive
      reactions were rare and were not associated with intestinal parasites or
      Dipetalonema reconditum microfilariae. Modifications of some of the test
      procedures were necessary to maximize test accuracy and reproducibility. These
      modifications and other technical details might limit the usefulness of some of
      the tests in a veterinary practice.

PMID- 3391835
TI  - Prevalence of Giardia in the feces of pups.
AB  - Fecal specimens were collected from 117 healthy pups (79 privately owned pups and
      38 pups from an animal shelter) and analyzed for Giardia. Giardia cysts or
      trophozoites were found in 35.9% of the dog feces.

PMID- 3391836
TI  - Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and myelofibrosis in a dog.
AB  - Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and myelofibrosis were diagnosed concurrently in a 10
      year-old neutered female Brittany Spaniel. Documentation of gastric ulceration,
      hypergastrinemia, and gastrin-secreting islet cell tumor with splenic metastases
      facilitated the diagnosis of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Patchy long-bone
      medullary sclerosis, nonregenerative anemia and thrombocytopenia, multiple
      acellular bone marrow aspirates, marked splenic extramedullary hematopoiesis, and
      acellular core bone marrow biopsy with areas of necrosis and fibrosis supported
      the diagnosis of myelofibrosis. Despite the medical and surgical management
      attempted, the dog was euthanatized because of signs of severe intractable bone
      pain. Myelofibrosis has been documented in association with canine and human
      neoplastic disease. A direct causal relationship between gastrinoma and
      myelofibrosis was not clearly established in this instance.

PMID- 3391838
TI  - Generalized demodicosis in a cat responsive to amitraz.
AB  - Generalized demodicosis was diagnosed in a 14-year-old castrated male domestic
      short-hair cat. No underlying disease was detected. The cat responded
      incompletely or poorly to commonly recommended treatment, but responded well to
      total body dipping with 0.0125% amitraz at weekly intervals.

PMID- 3391837
TI  - Right-to-left patent ductus arteriosus with dysplastic left ventricle in a dog.
AB  - A 6-week-old Siberian Husky pup had an unusual group of congenital heart
      anomalies that included a right-to-left patent ductus arteriosus, a small left
      ventricular chamber and ascending aorta, and a dysplastic mitral valve that may
      have been stenotic. Anomalies were diagnosed, using cardiac catheterization,
      angiocardiography, and blood gas determinations. Findings were confirmed by
      postmortem examination.

PMID- 3391840
TI  - Osteoma of paranasal sinuses of a horse.
AB  - A 2-year-old Quarter Horse gelding was examined for torticollis, facial
      protuberances over the frontal and maxillary sinuses, and persistent nasal
      discharge unresponsive to antibiotics. Radiograph revealed an osseous mass in the
      right paranasal sinuses. Histologic examination of the biopsied mass led to a
      diagnosis of osteoma. The mass was removed surgically in sections from the right
      frontal and maxillary sinuses through separate bone flaps, and sinuses were
      irrigated with saline solution for 8 days after surgery. Two weeks after surgery,
      radiography revealed small osseous opacities in the right paranasal sinuses.
      These opacities remained unchanged in radiographs obtained up to 23 months after
      surgery.

PMID- 3391839
TI  - Sodium chloride depletion in a cat with fistulated meningomyelocele.
AB  - Decreased serum and CSF chloride concentrations were documented in a 5-year-old
      Manx cat referred for evaluation of anorexia. Inadequate chloride intake coupled
      with chloride loss through a fistulated meningomyelocele probably caused chloride
      deficiency. The inciting cause of anorexia was not determined. The cat was
      treated with 0.9% NaCl solution. Normal serum and CSF chloride concentrations
      were restored. Lumbar myelography was performed to delineate the meningocutaneous
      tract, which then was dissected surgically and was ligated. The cat's body
      attempted to maintain normal CSF chloride concentration even though the serum
      chloride concentration was decreased markedly. Calculations made on the basis of
      rate of CSF production, CSF chloride concentration, and duration of anorexia
      provided supportive evidence for an active transport system for chloride from
      plasma to CSF.

PMID- 3391841
TI  - Use of lag screw fixation for repair of a central tarsal bone fracture in a
      horse.
AB  - An 8-year-old Thoroughbred gelding was determined to have a sagittal fracture of
      the central tarsal bone. Lag screw fixation of the fracture enabled the horse to
      return to jumping, although degenerative arthritis of the distal intertarsal
      joint was apparent radiographically 17 months after the injury.

PMID- 3391843
TI  - Reflections article stimulates commentary on hip dysplasia.

PMID- 3391842
TI  - Extraction of an infected tusk in an adult African elephant.
AB  - An 18-year-old African elephant was determined to have a nonrepairable crack in
      its left tusk. Treatment included extraction of the tusk, using rotational and
      extractional forces, and administration of antibiotics, followed by 1 year of
      flushing the opened tusk cavity with warm tap water. Two years after surgery, the
      elephant was healthy, and the tusk cavity was 80% filled with normal tissue.

PMID- 3391844
TI  - Regards compulsory continuing education as a sham.

PMID- 3391845
TI  - Are all estrogens created equal?

PMID- 3391846
TI  - In search of the perfect neuter.

PMID- 3391847
TI  - The legal road to revocation.

PMID- 3391849
TI  - Applying for AVMA group insurance.

PMID- 3391848
TI  - One profession--many career choices.

PMID- 3391850
TI  - Accidental self-inoculation with Mycobacterium paratuberculosis bacterin (Johne's
      bacterin) by veterinarians in Wisconsin.
AB  - We surveyed Wisconsin veterinarians to assess the frequency and severity of
      accidental self- and other human exposure to Mycobacterium paratuberculosis
      bacterin (Johne's bacterin). Of 199 veterinarians administering the bacterin to
      cattle, 22 reported one or more exposures, including 19 needle-stick exposures, 8
      skin surface exposures, and 2 oral mucosa exposures. The mean incidence of needle
      sticks was 5.5/100 veterinarians/year of bacterin use or 1/1,000 doses
      administered. The mean total doses given in the needle-stick exposure group was
      276 +/- 318 vs 80 +/- 268 in the group without needle-stick exposure, and the
      mean number of months administering the bacterin was 21.7 and 16.1, respectively;
      63% of needle-stick exposures took place during the injection process. Five
      adverse reactions were reported, and each resulted from needle-stick exposure.
      The only systemic reaction followed an exposure to the original bacterin
      formulation of sonically ruptured M paratuberculosis in Freund incomplete
      adjuvant. The remaining reactions were to the current formulation of whole killed
      M paratuberculosis in mineral oil and ranged from a small nodule persisting for 4
      to 6 months to painful inflammation of a finger persisting for 24 months. We
      anticipate an increase in incidence of these minimally debilitating injuries as
      the use and distribution of the bacterin expands. For hand wounds, we recommend
      conservative management. Surgical intervention should be considered if a
      granuloma persists and causes the patient functional difficulty.

PMID- 3391851
TI  - Newly recognized fatal protozoan disease of dogs.
AB  - Histologic sections and case histories from 23 dogs with proven fatal
      toxoplasmosis-like illness at the Angell Memorial Animal Hospital were reviewed.
      Toxoplasma gondii was identified in 13 dogs. A newly identified parasite,
      Neospora caninum, structurally distinct from T gondii, was found in 10 dogs. The
      newly discovered organism, belonging to a new genus and new species, formed
      meronts in many tissues of the dogs, especially the brain and spinal cord.
      Neospora caninum was located directly in the host cell cytoplasm without a
      parasitophorous vacuole; it divided by endodyogeny, contained more than 11
      rhoptries, and did not react with the anti-T gondii serum in the immunoperoxidase
      test. Meningoencephalomyelitis and myositis were the main lesions associated with
      N caninum. Ulcerative and fistulous dermatitis was the major lesion in 1 dog.

PMID- 3391852
TI  - Efficacy of lidocaine hydrochloride for laryngeal desensitization: a clinical
      comparison of techniques in the cat.
AB  - Assessment of laryngeal relaxation and ease of intubation in cats was made after
      preanesthetic medication with acepromazine/meperidine/atropine (IM) and induction
      of anesthesia 20 minutes later by thiopental administration (IV). Healthy cats (n
      = 32) scheduled for elective surgery were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatment
      groups to be provided with laryngeal desensitization: group 1, 2% lidocaine HCl
      (2 mg/kg of body weight) given IV 30 seconds before thiopental induction; group
      2, 2% lidocaine HCl (2 mg/kg) topically applied to the larynx; group 3, 10%
      lidocaine HCl (10 mg) as a topical aerosol; and group 4, no treatment before
      intubation. A significant (P less than 0.05; ANOVA) difference between groups in
      the reaction to intubation attempts was apparent. Cats receiving 2% lidocaine IV
      or no treatment for desensitization had a greater response to intubation than did
      those receiving 2% or 10% lidocaine topically. The number of attempts required to
      intubate cats was significantly (P less than 0.05) greater in cats with no
      treatment than in cats treated topically with 2% or 10% lidocaine. Response to IV
      administration of 2% lidocaine HCl was not significantly different from the
      response to other treatments, indicating little advantage over no laryngeal
      desensitization. It was concluded that topical application of 2% lidocaine (2
      mg/kg) or 10% lidocaine aerosol 1 1/2 minutes before intubation provides
      effective laryngeal desensitization in the cat.

PMID- 3391853
TI  - Hematuria and extreme neutrophilic leukocytosis in a dog with renal tubular
      carcinoma.
AB  - Renal tubular carcinoma was believed responsible for hematuria and extreme
      leukocytosis in a dog. Other paraneoplastic syndromes possibly associated with
      this neoplasm included fever, thoracolumbar hyperesthesia, and anemia
      attributable to myelophthisis. All clinical and clinicopathologic abnormalities
      resolved after unilateral nephrectomy. Neutrophil cytochemical stains were used
      to differentiate leukemoid reaction from myelocytic leukemia as the cause of the
      leukocytosis. The extreme leukocytosis in this dog may have been leukemoid
      reaction caused by production of colony-stimulating factor by the renal tubular
      carcinoma.

PMID- 3391854
TI  - Dysautonomia in a cat.
AB  - Autonomic dysfunction was diagnosed in a 2.5-year-old spayed domestic shorthair
      cat. The cat had an 8-day history of progressive anorexia, signs of depression,
      constipation, weight loss, and intermittent regurgitation. Physical examination
      findings were signs of depression, dehydration, cachexia, bradycardia, bilateral
      nonresponsive mydriasis, prolapse of both nictitating membranes, dry oral and
      nasal mucous membranes, and urinary bladder atony. Thoracic radiography revealed
      megaesophagus. The cat lacked esophageal motility and had a decreased gastric
      emptying rate. Providing adequate fluid intake, electrolyte balance, and
      nutrition is a major problem in the management of dysautonomic cats. We were able
      to provide adequate nutritional support for this patient, using total parenteral
      feeding and, later, enteral nutrition using a nasogastric tube. Results of an
      ocular pharmacologic study indicated that the mydriasis and prolapse of the
      nictitating membrane were attributable to complete autonomic denervation of the
      eye. Using the method described, topical, autonomic-stimulating agents may assist
      the clinician in diagnosing dysautonomia in the feline. This report describes a
      syndrome that is well recognized in the United Kingdom and has the potential to
      develop in the United States.

PMID- 3391855
TI  - Multicentric papillary cystadenoma in the udder of a cow.
AB  - A mammary gland neoplasm was identified at necropsy in a 9-year-old
      ovariectomized Holstein cow with a 1-year history of an enlarged left
      hindquarter. A sterile serous secretion was expressed from the quarter. The cow
      developed Corynebacterium pyogenes infection in the quarter one year later and
      died of secondary complications. The left hindquarter was found to contain
      multiple cysts. The histologic diagnosis was multicentric papillary cystadenoma.

PMID- 3391856
TI  - Ovariectomy as treatment for granulosa cell tumor in a heifer.
AB  - A granulosa cell tumor in a 15-month-old heifer was associated with abnormal
      udder development, relaxation of the pelvic ligaments, and nymphomanic behavior.
      After surgical removal of the tumor, the anatomic changes were reversed, and the
      nymphomanic behavior subsided. The heifer conceived 3 times thereafter and became
      a productive dairy cow. In previously reported cases of granulosa cell tumor,
      ovariectomy was unsuccessful in returning the cow to normal breeding.

PMID- 3391857
TI  - Treatment of bovine lymphosarcoma with L-asparaginase.
AB  - L-asparaginase was used to treat a 4-year-old Holstein cow with lymphosarcoma
      that involved the spinal cord, subiliac lymph nodes, and retrobulbar space. The
      cow received 60,000 IU of L-asparaginase IV for a total of 4 treatments. After
      each treatment, the cow's condition improved, characterized by decreased
      weakness, decreased ataxia, a reduction in size of the left subiliac lymph node,
      and decreased exophthalmos. Side effects were not observed. The cow was kept
      alive for 57 days. This treatment offers a way of salvaging the genetic potential
      of valuable cows and bulls.

PMID- 3391858
TI  - Gossypol toxicosis in a herd of beef calves.
AB  - A 6-month-old crossbred calf was examined as representative of a herd of calves
      experiencing dyspnea and death, with few other clinical signs of illness.
      Physical examination of the calf identified pleural and peritoneal effusion and
      poor body condition. The calf did not respond to supportive treatment, and
      necropsy of it and another calf from the herd identified congestive heart failure
      as the cause of death. Gossypol toxicosis was the cause of congestive heart
      failure in this herd; the source of the toxin was a cottonseed meal and
      cottonseed hull ration fed by the owner.

PMID- 3391859
TI  - Azathioprine for treatment of immune-mediated diseases of dogs and cats.

PMID- 3391860
TI  - Treatment failure in Trichomonas vaginalis infections in females. II. In-vitro
      estimation of the sensitivity of the organism to metronidazole.
AB  - We have developed a standard procedure to measure the susceptibility of
      Trichomonas vaginalis to metronidazole in vitro, by controlling the state of
      oxygenation of the test cultures, the size of the inocula in terms of
      infectivity, and providing multiple tests at each drug concentration. Estimates
      were made of the in-vitro sensitivity to metronidazole of T. vaginalis isolated
      from 11 randomly selected patients, all, except for three defaulters, known to
      have been treated successfully, and from six 'treatment failure' patients. Stocks
      isolated from 'successfully treated' patients, were all highly sensitive to
      metronidazole. Eighteen stocks isolated from the 'treatment failure' patients
      fell into two groups: (a) those clearly separable from sensitive stocks, with
      ED50 values (the concentration of drug at which growth is prevented in 50% of
      test wells) in N2 of up to 0.51 mg/l and 3.5 to 11 mg/l in N2/1%O2; (b) those
      giving intermediate ED50 values of up to 0.20 mg/l in N2 and 0.7 to 1.8 mg/l in
      N2/1%O2. The current procedure demonstrates clearly that repeated treatment
      failure in patients without other complication is associated with enhanced
      resistance to metronidazole of T. vaginalis, and it may discriminate between T.
      vaginalis infections that are likely to respond to higher dosage and those that
      are not.

PMID- 3391861
TI  - Susceptibility of Hong Kong isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus
      aureus to antimicrobial agents.
AB  - Two hundred and sixty-six non-replicate Hong Kong isolates of methicillin
      resistant Staphylococcus aureus were tested for their susceptibility to various
      anti-staphylococcal agents. Multiple resistance was common. More than 95% of
      patient isolates were resistant to both gentamicin and tetracycline, 68% to
      erythromycin, 37% to chloramphenicol, 10% to trimethoprim, 5% to rifampicin and
      2% to fusidic acid. No isolate was resistant to all these agents, but nineteen
      different patterns of resistance were identified. Selected gentamicin-resistant
      isolates were tested against other aminoglycosides, and were sensitive to
      amikacin and netilmicin. The pattern of aminoglycoside resistance indicated that
      all isolates produced the aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes APH-(2") and AAC-(6')
      I. All isolates were sensitive to vancomycin and teicoplanin. A single strain was
      resistant to three of the five quinolones tested, but resistance to all the
      quinolones could be induced easily in vitro by exposure to increasing
      subinhibitory concentrations of norfloxacin in broth.

PMID- 3391863
TI  - Treatment of bacterial meningitis with once daily ceftriaxone therapy.
AB  - Ceftriaxone, a cephalosporin with an extended half-life and excellent
      antibacterial activity was used to treat bacterial meningitis, given as a single
      daily intravenous dose of 100 mg/kg on day one, followed by 80 mg/kg daily. A
      total of 22 patients were treated, of whom 14 had Haemophilus influenzae type b,
      five had Streptococcus pneumoniae and three Neisseria meningitidis isolated from
      their CSF. The CSF of all patients became sterile within 24-48 h. The CSF
      ceftriaxone concentrations 24 h after dosing were 10 to 100-fold higher than the
      MIC of the pathogenic bacteria early in therapy, and five to 50-fold higher at
      the end of therapy. Side effects encountered included mild diarrhoea (32%),
      thrombocytosis (77%) and neutropenia (9%), but none caused therapy to be stopped.
      Ceftriaxone is a safe and effective antibiotic for the treatment of bacterial
      meningitis when administered once daily.

PMID- 3391862
TI  - Pharmacokinetic study of the interaction between rifampicin and ketoconazole.
AB  - This study assessed the potential pharmacokinetic interaction between rifampicin
      and ketoconazole, two drugs used to treat the increasingly common combination of
      Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Candida albicans infection in AIDS patients. The
      peak plasma rifampicin concentrations in six healthy male subjects were not
      altered when taken in conjunction with ketoconazole. However, the peak plasma
      ketoconazole levels were significantly diminished when taken in conjunction with
      rifampicin, compared to when taken alone (P less than 0.015). The mean area under
      the curve (AUC) for ketoconazole was significantly diminished when taken with
      oral or intravenous rifampicin (P less than 0.001).

PMID- 3391864
TI  - A clinical, microbiological and pharmacokinetic study of ciprofloxacin plus
      vancomycin as initial therapy of febrile episodes in neutropenic patients.
AB  - Forty-six episodes of fever in 34 patients with neutropenia and haematological
      malignancy were treated empirically with a combination of ciprofloxacin and
      vancomycin. Improvement or temporary improvement was seen in 86% of evaluable
      episodes, and 75% of bacteraemias improved. There was no difference in the
      response rate between infections due to Gram-negative and those due to Gram
      positive organisms, despite the fact that MICs for ciprofloxacin for Gram
      negative organisms were generally much lower. Pharmacokinetic data were obtained
      from five patients while receiving iv ciprofloxacin and after conversion to the
      oral form of the drug. The mean plasma half life on 200 mg iv was 5.7 +/- 1.7 h
      and mean plasma clearance 389 ml/min. The peak serum level after 750 mg orally
      was 3.6 +/- 2.2 mg/l and occurred between 1 and 3 h.

PMID- 3391865
TI  - The use of in-vitro sensitivity testing to predict clinical response of recurrent
      herpes simplex to suppressive oral acyclovir.
AB  - Twenty-six pre-treatment isolates of herpes simplex virus from 20 immunocompetent
      patients with frequently recurring mucocutaneous herpes were tested for in-vitro
      sensitivity by a plaque reduction assay. When correlated with the occurrence of
      breakthrough attacks during subsequent courses of suppressive treatment with oral
      acyclovir the mean ID50, ID90 and ID99 were all found to be significantly higher
      for isolates associated with breakthroughs. However, cut-off values could only be
      set for the ID90 and ID99 values. An ID99 less than 0.75 mg/l was found in 17/21
      (81%) of isolates not associated with breakthrough attacks, but none of five
      isolates associated with breakthroughs. The corresponding findings for an ID90
      less than 0.5 mg/l were 17/21 (81%) without breakthroughs and 1/5 with
      breakthroughs. It is suggested that the ID90 and ID99 are better predictors of
      the clinical response to suppressive oral acyclovir than is the ID50. Possibly
      this is because they better reflect the presence of viral strains with reduced
      sensitivity which may be responsible for breakthrough attacks.

PMID- 3391866
TI  - Interactions between desacetyl-cefotaxime and cefotaxime or cefuroxime against
      cefuroxime-resistant bacteria.

PMID- 3391867
TI  - Oral streptococci resistant to erythromycin after repetition of a regimen
      designed for dental prophylaxis.

PMID- 3391868
TI  - Yersiniosis in acutely iron-loaded children treated with desferrioxamine.

PMID- 3391869
TI  - Difco supplement C in MIC estimations.

PMID- 3391870
TI  - Hydrolysis of 2'-esters of erythromycin.
AB  - Hydrolysis rates were determined for 2'-acetyl erythromycin, three of its
      homologues (2'-propionyl, 2'-butyryl and 2'-valeryl) and 2'-ethylsuccinyl
      erythromycin in buffer solution (pH 7.0, 37 degrees C) and in human plasma (37
      degrees C) at concentrations of 5 and 100 mg/l. Ester concentrations were
      measured by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. Hydrolysis in buffer
      followed pseudo first-order kinetics. The half-lives of the esters ranged from
      24.3 to 89.5 min (2'-ethyl-succinyl less than 2'-acetyl less than 2'-propionyl
      less than 2'-valeryl less than 2'-butyryl). Hydrolysis in plasma followed more
      complex kinetics. The half-lives were generally longer than in buffer and
      dependent on the initial ester concentration. Apparent first-order half-lives
      ranged from 35.5 to 492 min (2'-ethylsuccinyl less than 2'-acetyl less than 2'
      propionyl less than 2'-butyryl less than 2'-valeryl). In case of homologous
      esters, the stabilizing effect of plasma and concentration dependence varied with
      lipophilicity. In buffer solution the hydrolysis half-life of 2'-acetyl
      erythromycin was dependent on the concentration of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein. Of
      the homologous esters, 2'-acetyl erythromycin was hydrolysed most rapidly, but it
      was hydrolysed more slowly than 2'-ethylsuccinyl erythromycin.

PMID- 3391872
TI  - Treatment of respiratory tract infections with erythromycin acistrate and two
      formulations of erythromycin base.
AB  - Erythromycin acistrate (EA)--a new ester of erythromycin--was compared with
      erythromycin base as enterocoated pellets in capsules (EB enterocapsules) and
      enterocoated tablets of erythromycin base (EB enterotablets) in the treatment of
      respiratory tract infections. The present double-blind, multicentre study,
      conducted in eight occupational health centres, included 474 patients; 236
      treated with EA, 117 with EB enterocapsules and 121 with EB enterotablets. The
      diagnoses included tonsillitis, sinusitis, otitis media, bronchitis and
      pneumonia. The patients were examined on admission and at the end of the
      treatment. The dosage of EA was 400 mg tid and that of the two erythromycin base
      preparations 500 mg tid. The treatment was given for seven to 14 days. In the EA
      group, 97% of patients were clinically cured by the end of the treatment, while
      the cure rates for EB enterocapsules and EB enterotablets were 95% and 94%,
      respectively. Gastrointestinal side effects were reported by 36% of the patients
      on EA, 54% on EB enterocapsules and 50% on EB enterotablets. Discontinuations due
      to adverse effects occurred in 8% in the EA, in 21% in the EB enterocapsule and
      in 12% in the EB enterotablet groups. All three preparations were thus equally
      effective, but EA caused statistically significantly less gastrointestinal side
      effects overall (P less than 0.01), especially nausea (P less than 0.01) and
      abdominal pain (P less than 0.05), than the two formulations containing
      erythromycin base. Also discontinuations due to side effects occurred
      statistically significantly less frequently in the EA-group.

PMID- 3391871
TI  - Efficacy and tolerability of erythromycin acistrate and erythromycin stearate in
      acute skin infections of patients with atopic eczema.
AB  - The efficacy and tolerability of a new erythromycin derivative, erythromycin
      acistrate (EA), were compared with that of erythromycin stearate (ES) in 42
      patients with infected atopic eczema. The dosage of EA was 400 mg tid and that of
      ES 500 mg tid. The duration of treatment ranged from five to 12 days. The
      patients were hospitalized and evaluated before treatment and on the last day in
      hospital. The infective pathogen was usually Staphylococcus aureus in both
      groups. Without local antibacterial treatment both drugs eradicated the bacteria
      in more than 60% of the cases. Gastrointestinal side effects were frequently
      reported with both drugs, more often in the ES- than in the EA-group, but the
      difference was only statistically significant (p less than 0.05) with respect to
      diarrhoea. One patient in each group discontinued treatment because of
      gastrointestinal side effects. No elevations in liver enzymes of clinical
      significance were reported in either group.

PMID- 3391874
TI  - Fate of single oral doses of erythromycin acistrate, erythromycin stearate and
      pelleted erythromycin base analysed by mass-spectrometry in plasma of healthy
      human volunteers.
AB  - The kinetics of erythromycin acistrate (EA). a new ester prodrug of erythromycin,
      were studied in three comparative, randomized, cross-over studies in 29 healthy
      volunteers. A new mass-spectrometric method was used to assay separately
      erythromycin, 2'-acetyl erythromycin and their anhydro (spiroketal) forms. In
      Part I, the total antibiotic concentration was higher after EA than after
      erythromycin stearate (ES; 1.8-fold) and enterocoated pellets of erythromycin
      base (EB, enterocapsules; 1.4-fold). In plasma, however, only about one third of
      2'-acetyl erythromycin was hydrolysed to active erythromycin. Moreover, after
      unprotected EA tablets, a considerable proportion of erythromycin and 2'-acetyl
      erythromycin was inactivated by gastric acid as reflected by high concentrations
      of respective anhydro (spiroketal) forms. In Part II, the unprotected (regular
      tablets) and acid-protected tablets (dissolution starts at pH 4.5) were compared.
      The protected tablet, albeit not an enterotablet, was not destroyed by gastric
      acid. Its absorption was slightly delayed but the bioavailability was good. In
      this study, the absorption of total antibiotic was 2.8-fold (unprotected tablet)
      and 3.9-fold (protected tablet) that after enterocapsules. In Part III, the
      bioavailabilities of 200 and 400 mg tablets (both acid-protected) were equal.

PMID- 3391873
TI  - Erythromycin acistrate and erythromycin stearate in the treatment of non
      gonococcal urethritis.
AB  - The antibacterial efficacy and tolerability of erythromycin acistrate (EA) and
      erythromycin stearate (ES) were compared in 100 male patients with non-gonococcal
      urethritis (NGU). The dosage of EA was 400 mg tid and that of ES 500 mg tid. Mean
      duration of treatment was ten days. When the final evaluation of the trial was
      made, the patient material was divided into two groups. One group consisted of
      patients with chlamydia-positive culture before treatment, the other of chlamydia
      negative patients with signs of infection in the direct smear. There were 17
      patients with chlamydial infection in the EA-group, and the microbiological cure
      rate was 100%. In the ES-group there were 21 patients with chlamydial infection
      and the microbiological cure rate was 95%. In the EA-group, the cure rate of
      chlamydia-negative NGU patients was 78%, and the corresponding figure in the ES
      group was 86%. There was no difference in the cure rates between the two groups
      on either drug. In the EA-group, 25 patients (50%) reported side effects, in 22
      these were gastrointestinal. In the ES-group, 26 patients (52%) reported side
      effects; in 22 these were gastrointestinal. Two patients in the EA-group
      discontinued the treatment because of gastrointestinal side effects. There were
      no differences between the groups in the frequency, severity and duration of side
      effects.

PMID- 3391875
TI  - Absorption of erythromycin acistrate and erythromycin base in the fasting and non
      fasting state.
AB  - Absorption of erythromycin acistrate (EA) and two erythromycin base (EB)
      preparations (enterotablet A and B) taken after an overnight fast or immediately
      before a standard breakfast was studied in 29 healthy volunteers in three
      separate studies, in a cross-over, randomized design. In Study I, the absorption
      of a single dose (400 mg) of EA was similar in the fasting and non-fasting state.
      There was, however, more interindividual variation and in two subjects absorption
      was markedly impaired in the presence of food. Cimetidine given at two doses (400
      + 800 mg) had no effect on the pharmacokinetics of erythromycin acistrate. In
      Study II, the effect of food on the bioavailability of the two EB preparations
      was studied after a single dose of 500 mg (2 x 250 mg enterocoated tablets) and
      after multiple dosing (2 x 250 mg tid). When given with a standard breakfast,
      erythromycin base was significantly better absorbed from enterotablet A than from
      enterotablet B, whether given as a single dose or in repeated doses. Study III
      followed the same design as Study II except that the tablet size of both
      enterotablets A and B was now 500 mg. Even in this study the absorption of
      enterotablet A was significantly better than that of enterotablet B. EA is
      adequately absorbed when taken before a meal. Cimetidine does not interfere with
      its elimination. Concomitant food intake produced considerably dissimilar
      absorption of two commercially available enterocoated EB preparations. Although
      at steady-state this was less prominent than after a single dose, it may have
      some clinical significance.

PMID- 3391876
TI  - Antibiotic concentration in suction skin blister fluid and saliva after repeated
      dosage of erythromycin acistrate and erythromycin base.
AB  - The drug concentration in plasma, suction skin blister fluid (SBF), urine and
      saliva after repeated dosage of either erythromycin acistrate (EA) or
      enterocoated pellets of erythromycin base (EB) was studied in young healthy
      volunteers with a cross-over design in two separate studies. In Study I, the
      total drug concentration (erythromycin + 2'-acetyl erythromycin) after EA (400 mg
      tid) was slightly higher than the erythromycin concentration after EB (500 mg
      tid). The concentration of erythromycin after EA was about half of that after EB.
      In SBF the total antibiotic concentration after EA and erythromycin concentration
      after EB were 49 and 46% of the corresponding plasma concentrations,
      respectively. The degree of hydrolysis of 2'-acetyl erythromycin was higher in
      SBF (44%) than in plasma (39%). An equal proportion (7.3-7.5%) of the dose was
      excreted in urine after administration of both drugs. The degree of hydrolysis of
      2'-acetyl erythromycin in urine was 58%. In Study II, the plasma/saliva
      concentration ratio ranged from 0.11 to 0.17 after EA 400 mg tid, 0.12 to 0.20
      after EA 500 mg tid and 0.17 to 0.22 after EB 500 mg tid. The degree of
      hydrolysis of 2'-acetyl erythromycin was considerably higher in saliva (61-78%)
      than in plasma (27-41%). In plasma, the percentage of hydrolysis of 2'-acetyl
      erythromycin was inversely correlated with the concentration of acid-alpha 1
      glycoprotein. The penetration of 2'-acetyl erythromycin and erythromycin into the
      extravascular space as evaluated from SBF and saliva levels was equal, and
      adequate concentrations of erythromycin were obtained for the treatment of
      bacterial infections.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3391877
TI  - Determination of 2'-acetyl erythromycin and erythromycin in human tonsil tissue
      by HPLC with coulometric detection.
AB  - A simple and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method was
      developed for the determination of 2'-acetyl erythromycin and erythromycin in
      human tonsil tissue. Methyl tert-butyl ether was used as the extraction solvent
      after alkalization of tissue homogenates. Separation was achieved on a reverse
      phase C-18 column. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-methanol
      tetrahydrofuran-sodium acetate buffer, pH 4.5. Eluted compounds were monitored by
      a coulometric detector in the oxidative screen mode. The quantitation limits of
      2'-acetyl erythromycin and erythromycin were 0.20 and 0.30 mg/kg of tissue,
      respectively. The method was linear over the concentration range of 0.60-10.0
      mg/kg of tissue for 2'-acetyl erythromycin and erythromycin.

PMID- 3391878
TI  - Tonsillar penetration of erythromycin and its 2'-acetyl ester in patients with
      chronic tonsillitis.
AB  - Concentrations of erythromycin and 2'-acetyl erythromycin were analysed in serum
      or plasma and tonsil tissue after repeated dosage of erythromycin acistrate (EA),
      a new erythromycin prodrug, in two separate studies in 61 young patients. The
      reference preparations were: (1) enterocoated tablets of erythromycin base (EB
      enterotablets, (2) erythromycin base as enterocoated pellets (EB enterocapsules)
      and (3) erythromycin stearate (ES). All drugs were given 500 mg tid for three
      days before scheduled tonsillectomy. Tonsils were removed about 3 h after intake
      of the last dose. Blood samples were collected at 0, 2 and 6 h and at the time of
      tonsillectomy. At all time points EA produced several-fold higher total drug
      (erythromycin + 2'-acetyl erythromycin) concentrations in serum or plasma than
      any of the reference preparations. Similarly, after EA the mean total antibiotic
      levels in tonsil tissue exceeded the erythromycin levels after the reference
      preparations by at least a factor of 3. Tonsil/serum or plasma ratios of the
      total antibiotic were quite similar with all preparations (means 38-50%). Peak
      erythromycin levels in circulation did not differ significantly from each other
      in spite of two nonabsorbers after EB enterotablets. The same was true of tonsil
      tissue. There were, however, 15 tonsils with undetectable erythromycin: 4/25
      (16%) with EA, 5/12 (42%) with EB enterotablets, 2/12 (17%) with EB
      enterocapsules and 4/12 (33%) with ES. The degree of hydrolysis of 2'-acetyl
      erythromycin to erythromycin was 23-43% higher in tonsil tissue than in
      circulation.

PMID- 3391879
TI  - Comparison of erythromycin acistrate and enterocoated erythromycin base in acute
      respiratory infections.
AB  - The efficacy and tolerability of erythromycin acistrate (EA), a new erythromycin
      derivative, and enterocoated erythromycin base (EB) were studied in 183
      outpatients belonging to the personnel of Helsinki University Central Hospital.
      The patients had acute respiratory tract infections. The dosage of EA was 400 mg
      tid and that of EB 500 mg tid, and the treatment period ranged from seven to 14
      days. The cure rate of patients taking full courses of treatment was good in both
      treatment groups, 96% in the EA-(n = 81) and 93% in the EB-group (n = 73). EA
      caused statistically significantly (P less than 0.05) less gastrointestinal side
      effects than EB. These side effects were also milder in the EA- than in the EB
      group. The treatment was discontinued in seven patients (7%) in the EA- and in 12
      patients (13%) in the EB-group because of gastrointestinal side effects. Neither
      of the drugs caused clinically important elevations in liver enzymes, nor were
      changes observed in the laboratory safety parameters measured. EA seems thus to
      be as effective as and better tolerated than enterocoated EB.

PMID- 3391880
TI  - Comparative liver toxicity of various erythromycin derivatives in animals.
AB  - The hepatotoxicity of a new erythromycin derivative, erythromycin acistrate (EA,
      2'-acetyl erythromycin stearate), was compared with that of erythromycin stearate
      (ES), erythromycin estolate (EE) and erythromycin-11,12 cyclic carbonate (EC) in
      4-5-day, 28-day and 6-month oral toxicity studies in rats and dogs. In the 4-day
      rat study, EC caused fatty metamorphosis in the liver. ES caused similar, but
      milder changes at a dose nearly five times higher. The 5-day dog study revealed
      markedly increased serum alanine aminotransferase (S-ALAT), serum aspartate
      aminotransferase (S-ASAT), serum alkaline phosphatase (S-APHOS) and serum gamma
      glutamyl transpeptidase (S-gamma-GT) values in the EC- and EE-groups, and
      slightly elevated S-ALAT values also in the EA- and ES-groups. Microscopy
      revealed cholangitis, pericholangitis and phlebitis in the portal areas in the EC
      group at all doses. Epithelial hyperplasia was observed also in the bile ducts.
      EE caused similar but milder changes. The changes in the EA-group were small, but
      mildly atypical bile duct epithelium was seen in female dogs receiving 2 x 200
      mg/kg of EA. The ES-group was practically without changes and very much like the
      EA-group. Thus the dog proved to be a more sensitive model for assessing the
      hepatotoxicity of erythromycin derivatives. In the 28-day studies, only EA and ES
      were investigated. In the rat study, slightly elevated serum enzyme levels within
      the normal range were measured in the high-dose regimens of both drugs. In the
      dog study, 300 mg/kg of EA caused slightly elevated S-ALAT in males, but the
      values returned to normal after a 2-week off-dose period. Only EA was studied in
      the 6-month study. In male rats, 400 mg/kg of EA caused slightly elevated enzyme
      levels and neutral fat droplets in centrilobular hepatocytes. In male dogs given
      150 mg/kg of EA, S-ALAT, S-APHOS, and S-gamma-GT values were elevated after four
      weeks of treatment but returned to normal thereafter. No severe changes were seen
      in the liver histopathology. In conclusion, EC and EE were clearly hepatotoxic in
      dogs, and EC also in rats. EA, and to a somewhat lesser extent ES, showed signs
      of mild hepatotoxicity only at high doses. This evidently reversible effect was
      considered a common characteristic of erythromycins.

PMID- 3391881
TI  - Erythromycin acistrate and enterocoated pellets of erythromycin base in acute
      respiratory infections of hospitalized conscripts.
AB  - The efficacy and tolerability of a new erythromycin ester, erythromycin acistrate
      (EA), and erythromycin base (EB) as enterocoated pellets were studied in 100
      conscripts at the Central Military Hospital. The patients were admitted to
      hospital for acute respiratory tract infection. The dosage of EA was 400 mg tid
      and that of EB 500 mg tid. The patients were hospitalized during the treatment
      which ranged from seven to 12 days. The cure rate was good in both groups, 96% in
      the EA- and 87% in the EB-group. Gastrointestinal side effects were reported in
      18% of the patients in the EA-group and in 46% in the EB-group (P less than
      0.01). The gastrointestinal side effects were mild in all patients in the EA
      group, while they were moderate in half and mild in half in the EB-group. None of
      the patients in the EA-group discontinued treatment because of gastrointestinal
      side effects, while the number in the EB-group was five (P less than 0.05).
      However one EA patient discontinued treatment because of testicular pain and one
      because of an urticarial rash. Neither of the drugs caused elevations of clinical
      significance in liver enzymes, and there were no changes in the measured
      laboratory safety parameters. In this trial EA was as effective as and caused
      significantly less gastrointestinal side effects than EB.

PMID- 3391882
TI  - Measurement of total respiratory impedance in calves by the forced oscillation
      technique.
AB  - We have determined the resistance (Rrs) and the reactance (Xrs) of the total
      respiratory system in unsedated spontaneously breathing calves at various
      frequencies. A pseudorandom noise pressure wave was produced at the nostrils of
      the animals by means of a loudspeaker adapted to the nose by a tightly fitting
      mask. A Fourier analysis of the pressure in the nostrils and flow signals yielded
      mean Rrs and Xrs, over 16 s, at frequencies of 2-26 Hz. A good correlation was
      found between values of pulmonary resistances measured by the isovolume method at
      the respiratory frequency of animals and values obtained at a frequency of 6 Hz
      by use of our technique. The linearity of the respiratory system, the
      reproducibility of the technique, and the effects of upper airways on results
      have been studied. In healthy calves, Rrs increases with frequency. Mean resonant
      frequency is 7.5 Hz. Bronchospasm was induced in six calves by administration of
      intravenous organophosphates. Rrs tended to decrease with increasing frequency.
      Resonant frequency exceeded 26 Hz. All parameters returned to initial values
      after administration of atropine. In healthy calves, atropine produces a decrease
      in Rrs, especially at low frequencies. Values of resonant frequency are not
      modified.

PMID- 3391883
TI  - Increased lung volume limits endurance of inspiratory muscles.
AB  - We examined the influence of lung volume on the ability of normal subjects to
      sustain breathing against inspiratory resistive loading. Four normal subjects
      breathed on a closed circuit in which inspiration was loaded by a flow resistor.
      Subjects were assigned a series of breathing tasks over a range of pressures and
      flows. In each task there was a specified resistor and also targets for either
      mean esophageal or airway opening pressure, respiratory frequency, and duty
      cycle. Endurance was assessed as the length of time to failure of the assigned
      task. The prime experimental variable was lung volume, which was increased by
      approximately 1 liter during some tasks; 8 cmH2O continuous positive airway
      pressure was applied to increase lung volume without increasing elastic load. As
      previously shown (McCool et al.J. Appl. Physiol. 60: 299-303, 1986), for tasks
      that could be sustained for the same time, there was an inverse linear
      relationship of mean esophageal pressure with inspiratory flow rate. This trade
      off of pressure and flow was apparent both with and without the increase of lung
      volume. Comparable tasks, however, could not be sustained as long at the higher
      lung volumes. This effect of volume on endurance was greater for tasks
      characterized by high inspiratory pressures and low flow rates than for tasks
      that could be sustained for the same time but that had lower inspiratory
      pressures and higher flow rates. This is probably due to the effects of
      shortening of the sarcomere on fatiguability. Increased lung volume, per se, may
      contribute to respiratory failure because of increased inspiratory muscle
      fatiguability by mechanisms independent of elastic load.

PMID- 3391884
TI  - Graded cutaneous vascular responses to dynamic leg exercise.
AB  - The cutaneous vascular conductance-esophageal temperature (CVC-Tes) relationship
      was examined at five work loads (75-200 W) in each of four men to find whether
      there is a role for exercise intensity in the control of skin blood flow (SkBF).
      Several factors contributed to our evaluation of the CVC-Tes relationship during
      work. Laser-Doppler velocimetry (LDF) provided a continuous measure of SkBF that
      is not influenced by underlying muscle blood flow. Local warming to 39 degrees C
      at the site of measurement of SkBF provided a consistent skin temperature and
      facilitated observation of changes in LDF. Mean arterial pressure was measured
      noninvasively once per minute to calculate CVC. Supine exercise minimized
      baroreceptor-induced cutaneous vasoconstriction. Our major finding was that the
      internal temperature at which CVC began to rise during exercise (CVC threshold)
      was graded with work load beyond 125 W (P less than 0.05). In that range the CVC
      threshold increased by 0.16 degrees C for every increment of 25 W. The CVC
      threshold was never reached at the highest work load in three of the four
      subjects. There was no consistent effect of work load on the slope of the CVC-Tes
      relationship or on the internal temperature at which sweating began during
      exercise (sweat rate threshold). We conclude that the level of work beyond 125 W
      affects the CVC-Tes relationship in a graded fashion, principally through shifts
      in threshold.

PMID- 3391885
TI  - Increased resting energy expenditure in cystic fibrosis.
AB  - To explore the hypothesis that there is an increased metabolic rate in cystic
      fibrosis, resting energy expenditure was measured by indirect calorimetry in 23
      subjects with cystic fibrosis in a stable clinical state and in 42 normal control
      subjects. Resting energy expenditure was found to be elevated by an average of
      0.45 MJ/24 h [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.26-0.64, t = 4.91, P less than
      0.001] (108 kcal/24 h), or 9.2% above expected values derived from the regression
      relating resting energy expenditure to whole body weight and sex in control
      subjects. When related to lean body mass, values were still elevated by 0.36
      MJ/24 h (95% CI = 0.18-0.53, t = 4.15, P less than 0.001) (86 kcal/24 h), or
      7.2%. The increased values were found to be independent of age, sex, or body
      size. There were significant correlations between increased values and poor
      pulmonary function as measured by the ratio of the forced expiratory volume in 1
      s to forced vital capacity (r = -0.44, P less than 0.05) and subclinical
      infection as indicated by the blood leukocyte count (r = 0.40, P less than 0.05).
      However, the correlations were low, suggesting that other factors may contribute
      to the increased resting energy expenditure, possibly including the putative
      metabolic defect in cystic fibrosis.

PMID- 3391886
TI  - Modulation by endogenous opioids of pulmonary vasoconstrictor response to acute
      lung injury.
AB  - The effects of endogenously generated opioids on distribution of pulmonary
      perfusion (as assessed by radiolabeled microspheres) and overall gas exchange in
      acute acid-induced lung injury were studied. In 14 anesthesized dogs, sufficient
      acid was given to one lung to double shunt fraction (Qs/Qt) from 14.2 +/- 0.8 to
      32.4 +/- 2.6% (SE). This resulted in a significant decrease in Po2 from 495 +/- 9
      to 136 +/- 21 Torr, cardiac output from 2.47 +/- 0.27 to 1.46 +/- 0.15 1/min, and
      blood pressure from 139 +/- 3 to 116 +/- 5 mmHg and a significant rise in
      pulmonary arterial pressure from 9.6 +/- 0.8 to 14.9 +/- 0.8 mmHg. After acid
      instillation, microsphere distribution to the injured lung segments decreased to
      50% of the base-line value. At the same time, microsphere distribution in the
      normal segments increased to 160% of base line. In 7 of the 14 dogs the effects
      of naloxone (1 mg/kg) given after lung injury were compared with the other 7
      animals that were given saline. Naloxone administration caused a significant
      redistribution of regional pulmonary perfusion such that microsphere distribution
      in the injured lung segments increased by a factor of 2 at 35 min compared with
      the animals given saline. Consistent with this finding, Qs/Qt in the naloxone
      group increased to 34.7 +/- 5.0% at 35 min, whereas that of the saline group
      decreased to 28.2 +/- 2.5%. The difference between the two groups was significant
      at 35 min. These changes occurred without further alterations in cardiac output,
      pulmonary arterial pressure, or systemic blood pressure in either group.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3391887
TI  - Effects of aminophylline on hypoxemia-induced ventilatory depression in the cat.
AB  - We designed experiments to evaluate changes in ventral medullary (VM)
      extracellular fluid (ECF) PCO2 and pH during hypoxemia-induced ventilatory
      depression (VD). Our aim was to investigate effects of aminophylline on VD and VM
      ECF acid-base variables. We used aminophylline because it inhibits adenosine,
      which is released within the brain during hypoxemia and could mediate VD.
      Experiments were performed in seven cats with acute bilateral denervation of
      carotid sinus nerves and vagi. Cats were anesthetized with chloralose-urethan and
      breathed spontaneously at a regulated and elevated arterial PCO2 (PaCO2).
      Measurements were made during normoxemia, hypoxemia, and recovery before (phase
      I) and after (phase II) aminophylline. By use of strict criteria for definition
      of VD, during phase II two kinds of responses were observed. Aminophylline
      prevented VD in five cats. In these cats in phase I, with mean arterial PO2
      (PaO2) = 105 and PaCO2 = 42.2 Torr, VM ECF PCO2, [H+], and [HCO3-] were 59.5 +/-
      8.6 Torr (mean +/- SD), 60.2 +/- 9.4 neq/l, and 23.1 +/- 3.7 meq/l, respectively.
      When mean PaO2 dropped to 49 Torr, ventilation decreased 21%, with only small
      changes in VM ECF acid-base variables. Studies were repeated 30 min after
      aminophylline (17 mg/kg iv). In phase II, during normoxemia (PaO2 = 110 Torr) VM
      ECF Pco2, [H+], and [HCO3-] were 55.4 +/- 8.1 Torr, 62.0 +/- 8.0 neq/l and 20.7
      +/- 2.5 meq/l, respectively. During hypoxemia (PaO2 = 48 +/- 4 Torr) mean
      ventilation, VM ECF PCO2, [H+], and [HCO3-] did not change
      significantly.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3391888
TI  - Breathing dry air causes acute epithelial damage and inflammation of the guinea
      pig trachea.
AB  - Drying and cooling of the airways mucosa caused by respiratory water loss may be
      responsible for exercise- and hyperventilation-induced asthma. Therefore we
      designed this study to investigate whether breathing dry air is capable of
      causing structural changes of the airways mucosa. Anesthetized guinea pigs
      breathed spontaneously through a tracheostomy either dry (n = 15) or water
      saturated (n = 12) air at approximately 38 degrees C for 30 or 60 min, during
      which time total pulmonary resistance (TPR) was measured. Immediately afterward,
      the animals were killed and the lungs and airways were prepared for histological
      examination (light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning
      electron microscopy). With dry as well as humid air, there was no change in TPR
      or in the structure of the main bronchi and lung parenchyma. With humid air the
      tracheal mucosa was normal in six guinea pigs and exhibited minor changes of the
      ciliae in eight and localized epithelial damage on light microscopy in the
      remaining animal. With dry air we found widespread loss of the ciliae on scanning
      electron microscopy in 10 of 12 animals, associated with detachment or sloughing
      of the epithelium, subepithelial vascular congestion, edema, and cellular
      infiltration on light microscopy. Our data demonstrate that a short exposure of
      the trachea to dry air causes marked epithelial lesions and local inflammation.

PMID- 3391889
TI  - Response of newborn lambs to CO-induced hypoxia.
AB  - This study was undertaken to measure the neonate's response to CO-induced hypoxia
      in the first 10 days of life. CO breathing was used to induce hypoxia because CO
      causes tissue hypoxia with no or minimal chemoreceptor stimulation. An inspired
      gas mixture of 0.25 to 0.5% CO in air was used to raise the blood
      carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO) progressively from 0 to 60% over approximately 20 min.
      The study, conducted in awake conscious lambs aged 2 and 10 days, consisted in
      measuring the response of ventilation and the change in arterial blood gases
      during the rise of HbCO. The results showed that the 2- and 10-day-old lambs
      tolerated very high HbCO levels without an increase in minute ventilation (VE)
      and without metabolic acidosis. At both ages, HbCO caused no VE change until HbCO
      levels rose to between 45 and 50% after which the VE change was exponential in
      some animals but minimal in others. The VE change was brought about by a rise in
      tidal volume and respiratory frequency. During the period of maturation from 2 to
      10 days, there was a small shift to the right in the VE-HbCO response. In the 10
      day-old lambs the VE response to high HbCO was greater than that of the 2-day
      olds because of the lambs' higher respiratory frequency response. Six of the 10
      day-old lambs but only two of the 2-day-old lambs showed a hypoxic tachypnea to
      HbCO of 55-65%. None of the lambs developed periodic breathing, dysrhythmic
      breathing, or recurrent apneas with an HbCO level as high as 60%.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3391890
TI  - Effects of airway anesthesia on ventilatory responses to graded dead spaces and
      CO2.
AB  - Ventilatory response to graded external dead space (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 2.5
      liters) with hyperoxia and CO2 steady-state inhalation (3, 5, 7, and 8% CO2 in
      O2) was studied before and after 4% lidocaine aerosol inhalation in nine healthy
      males. The mean ventilatory response (delta VE/delta PETCO2, where VE is minute
      ventilation and PETCO2 is end-tidal PCO2) to graded dead space before airway
      anesthesia was 10.2 +/- 4.6 (SD) l.min-1.Torr-1, which was significantly greater
      than the steady-state CO2 response (1.4 +/- 0.6 l.min-1.Torr-1, P less than
      0.001). Dead-space loading produced greater oscillation in airway PCO2 than did
      CO2 gas loading. After airway anesthesia, ventilatory response to graded dead
      space decreased significantly, to 2.1 +/- 0.6 l.min-1.Torr-1 (P less than 0.01)
      but was still greater than that to CO2. The response to CO2 did not significantly
      differ (1.3 +/- 0.5 l.min-1.Torr-1). Tidal volume, mean inspiratory flow,
      respiratory frequency, inspiratory time, and expiratory time during dead-space
      breathing were also depressed after airway anesthesia, particularly during large
      dead-space loading. On the other hand, during CO2 inhalation, these respiratory
      variables did not significantly differ before and after airway anesthesia. These
      results suggest that in conscious humans vagal airway receptors play a role in
      the ventilatory response to graded dead space and control of the breathing
      pattern during dead-space loading by detecting the oscillation in airway PCO2.
      These receptors do not appear to contribute to the ventilatory response to
      inhaled CO2.

PMID- 3391891
TI  - Diaphragmatic energetics and blood flow during pulmonary edema and hypotension.
AB  - We studied the role of O2 supply and demand factors for producing diaphragmatic
      failure in a canine model of cardiogenic shock with pulmonary edema. We produced
      pulmonary edema with oleic acid and then hypotension with cardiac tamponade and
      followed the animals until respiratory failure began, which was defined by a 50%
      fall in frequency of breathing and diaphragmatic pressure-time index (PTI;
      cmH2O.s-1.min-1) with no decrease in the diaphragmatic electromyogram. Regional
      blood flows were measured with radiolabeled microspheres. Diaphragmatic O2
      consumption (VO2 di) (ml.min-1.100 g-1) was determined from the diaphragmatic
      blood flow (Qdi) and the arterial and phrenic venous O2 contents. With oleic acid
      induced pulmonary edema, PTI Qdi, and VO2 di increased from control of 101.7 +/-
      31.7, 17 +/- 1.8, and 0.81 +/- 0.11, respectively, to 187.2 +/- 27.6, 42.2 +/-
      7.2, and 3.32 +/- 0.35 (P less than 0.05). With tamponade, PTI did not change
      (186.7 +/- 60.0), whereas VO2 di increased further to 3.98 +/- 0.98 (P less than
      0.05) due to increased O2 extraction and no significant change in Qdi (32.8 +/-
      4.0). As fatigue developed, VO2 di decreased to 2.30 +/- 0.23 due to the combined
      effects of small declines in Qdi and the arterial O2 content but remained higher
      than control even though the energy demands returned to control values. In
      conclusion, when cardiogenic shock is added to pulmonary edema VO2 di and energy
      output do not increase further and eventually fall.

PMID- 3391892
TI  - Effect of pressure on thermal insulation in humans wearing wet suits.
AB  - The present work was undertaken to determine the critical water temperature
      (Tcw), defined as the lowest water temperature a subject can tolerate at rest for
      3 h without shivering, of wet-suited subjects during water immersion at different
      ambient pressures. Nine healthy males wearing neoprene wet suits (5 mm thick)
      were subjected to immersion to the neck in water at 1, 2, and 2.5 ATA while
      resting for 3 h. Continuous measurements of esophageal (T(es)) and skin (Tsk)
      temperatures and heat loss from the skin (Htissue) and wet suits (Hsuit) were
      recorded. Insulation of the tissue (Itissue), wet suits (Isuit), and overall
      total (Itotal) were calculated from the temperature gradient and the heat loss.
      The Tcw increased curvilinearly as the pressure increased, whereas the metabolic
      heat production during rest and immersion was identical over the range of
      pressure tested. During the 3rd h of immersion, Tes was identical under all
      atmospheric pressures; however, Tsk was significantly higher (P less than 0.05)
      at 2 and 2.5 ATA compared with 1 ATA. A 42 (P less than 0.001) and 50% (P less
      than 0.001), reduction in Isuit from the 1 ATA value was detected at 2 and 2.5
      ATA, respectively. However, overall mean Itissue was maximal and independent of
      the pressure during immersion at Tcw. The Itotal was also significantly smaller
      in 2 and 2.5 ATA compared with 1 ATA. The Itissue provided most insulation in the
      extremities, such as the hand and foot, and the contribution of Isuit in these
      body parts was relatively small. On the other hand, Itissue of the trunk areas,
      such as the chest, back, and thigh, was not high compared with the extremities,
      and Isuit played a major role in the protection of heat drain from these body
      parts.

PMID- 3391893
TI  - Characteristics of the upper airway pressure-flow relationship during sleep.
AB  - In examining the mechanical properties of the respiratory system during sleep in
      healthy humans, we observed that the inspiratory pressure-flow relationship of
      the upper airway was often flow limited and too curvilinear to be predicted by
      the Rohrer equation. The purposes of this study were 1) to describe a
      mathematical model that would better define the inspiratory pressure-flow
      relationship of the upper airway during sleep and 2) to identify the segment of
      airway responsible for the sleep-related flow limitation. We measured nasal and
      total supralaryngeal pressure and flow during wakefulness and stage 2 sleep in
      five healthy male subjects lying supine. A right rectangular hyperbolic equation,
      V = (alpha P)/(beta + P), where V is flow, P is pressure, alpha is an asymptote
      for peak flow, and beta is pressure at a flow of alpha/2, was used in its linear
      form, P/V = (beta/alpha) + (P/alpha). The goodness of fit of the new equation was
      compared with that for the linearized Rohrer equation P/V = K1 + K2V. During
      wakefulness the fit of the hyperbolic equation to the actual pressure-flow data
      was equivalent to or significantly better than that for the Rohrer equation.
      During sleep the fit of the hyperbolic equation was superior to that for the
      Rohrer equation. For the whole supralaryngeal airway during sleep, the
      correlation coefficient for the hyperbolic equation was 0.90 +/- 0.50, and for
      the Rohrer equation it was 0.49 +/- 0.25. The flow-limiting segment was located
      within the pharyngeal airway, not in the nose.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3391894
TI  - Ventilatory muscle recruitment during unsupported arm exercise in normal
      subjects.
AB  - To test the hypothesis that during unsupported arm exercise (UAE) some of the
      inspiratory muscles of the rib cage partake in upper torso and arm positioning
      and thereby decrease their contribution to ventilation, we studied 11 subjects to
      measure pleural (Ppl) and gastric (Pga) pressures, heart rate, respiratory
      frequency, O2 uptake (VO2), and tidal volume (VT) during symptom-limited UAE. We
      used leg ergometry (LE) as a reference. Exercise duration was shorter for UAE vs.
      LE (207 +/- 67 vs. 514 +/- 224 s, P less than 0.05) even though the end-exercise
      VO2 was lower for UAE (9.3 +/- 1.1 vs. 30.8 +/- 3.2 ml.kg-1.min-1, P less than
      0.05). Eight subjects had positive Ppl-Pga slopes and less negative end
      inspiratory Ppl during UAE vs. LE (-11.8 +/- 6 vs. -19 +/- 7 cmH2O, P less than
      0.05). This was not due to the lower VT's achieved during UAE, since at a similar
      VT, UAE resulted in a rightward and downward displacement of the Ppl-Pga slopes.
      Three of the subjects had irregular breathing rhythm and negative Ppl-Pga slopes
      as early as 1 min after initiation of UAE. They had shorter UAE duration and more
      dyspnea than the eight with positive Ppl-Pga slopes. In most subjects UAE
      decreases the ventilatory contribution of some of the inspiratory muscles of the
      rib cage as they have to partake in nonventilatory functions. This results in a
      shift of the dynamic work to the diaphragm and abdominal muscles of exhalation.
      In a few subjects UAE results in an irregular breathing pattern and very short
      exercise tolerance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3391895
TI  - Comparative physiology of rodent pulmonary macrophages: in vitro functional
      responses.
AB  - Since toxicological testing of inhaled materials frequently requires utilization
      of several species, we have investigated pulmonary macrophage (PM) functional
      responses and compared the rat model with other rodents. Two strains of rats,
      three strains of mice, and one strain each of hamster and guinea pig were used in
      this study. The numbers of recovered cells by bronchoalveolar lavage generally
      correlated with animal body weight. The one exception was the Syrian Golden
      hamster from which increased numbers of macrophages were recovered. Cellular
      differential data obtained from lavaged cytocentrifuge preparations demonstrated
      that PM's account for greater than 97% of recoverable free lung cells for all
      species except the guinea pig, which contains a resident population of
      eosinophils. Cell morphology studies indicated that hamster PM exhibited the
      highest proportion of ruffled PM and demonstrated the highest phagocytic
      activity, whereas mouse PM phagocytic activity was significantly reduced compared
      with the other three species. In addition, chemotaxis studies showed that rat PM
      migrated best to zymosan-activated, complement-dependent chemoattractants,
      whereas hamster PM demonstrated an enhanced chemotactic response to N-formyl
      peptides. The results of these studies suggest that the rat may be the most
      efficient species for clearing inhaled particles, whereas hamsters and guinea
      pigs may best respond to bacteria.

PMID- 3391896
TI  - Effects of chronic beta-adrenergic blockade on exercise training in dogs.
AB  - To assess the role of beta-adrenergic stimulation in cardiovascular conditioning
      we examined the effects of a beta-adrenergic blocker, propranolol, in mongrel
      dogs during an 8-wk treadmill-training program. Seven dogs were trained without a
      drug (NP), six were trained on propranolol 10 mg.kg-1.day-1 (P), and five served
      as caged controls (C). Effective beta-adrenergic blockade was documented by a
      decrease in peak exercise heart rate of 54 +/- 11 (SE) beats/min (P less than
      0.05) and a one-log magnitude of increase in the isoproterenol-heart rate dose
      response curve. Testing was performed before drug treatment or training and again
      after training without the drug for 5 days. Submaximal exercise heart rate
      decreased similarly in both NP and P (-26 +/- 4 NP vs. -25 +/- 9 beats/min P, P
      less than 0.05 for both) but peak heart rate decreased only with NP (-33 +/- 9
      beats/min, P less than 0.05). Treadmill exercise time increased similarly in both
      groups: 3.4 +/- 0.6 min in NP and 3.0 +/- 0.2 min in P (both P less than 0.05).
      Blood volume also increased after training in both groups: 605 +/- 250 ml (26%)
      in NP and 377 +/- 140 ml (17%) in P (both P less than 0.05). Submaximal exercise
      arterial lactates were reduced similarly in both groups but peak exercise lactate
      was reduced more in NP (-1.4 +/- 0.3 NP vs -0.3 +/- 0.12 mmol/l P, P less than
      0.05). Lactate threshold increased in both groups but the increase was greater in
      NP (P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3391897
TI  - Posterior cricoarytenoid and diaphragm activities during tidal breathing in
      neonates.
AB  - To investigate airflow regulation in newborn infants, we recorded airflow,
      volume, diaphragm (Di), and laryngeal electromyogram (EMG) during spontaneous
      breathing in eight supine unsedated sleeping full-term neonates. Using an
      esophageal catheter electrode, we recorded phasic respiratory activity consistent
      with that of the principal laryngeal abductors, the posterior cricoarytenoids
      (PCA). Sequential activation of PCA and Di preceded inspiration. PCA activity
      typically peaked early in inspiration followed by either a decrescendo or tonic
      EMG activity of variable amplitude during expiration. Expiratory airflow
      retardation, or braking, accompanied by expiratory prolongation and reduced
      ventilation, was commonly observed. In some subjects we observed a time interval
      between PCA onset and a sudden increase in expiratory airflow just before
      inspiration, suggesting that release of the brake involved an abrupt loss of
      antagonistic adductor activity. Our findings suggest that airflow in newborn
      infants is controlled throughout the breathing cycle by the coordinated action of
      the Di and the reciprocal action of PCA and laryngeal adductor activities. We
      conclude that braking mechanisms in infants interact with vagal reflex mechanisms
      that modulate respiratory cycle timing to influence both the dynamic maintenance
      of end-expiratory lung volume and ventilation.

PMID- 3391898
TI  - Tone-dependent responses to acetylcholine in the feline pulmonary vascular bed.
AB  - The effects of an increase in base-line tone on pulmonary vascular responses to
      acetylcholine were investigated in the pulmonary vascular bed of the intact-chest
      cat. Under conditions of controlled blood flow and constant left atrial pressure,
      intralobar injections of acetylcholine under low-tone base-line conditions
      increased lobar arterial pressure in a dose-related manner. When tone was
      increased moderately by alveolar hypoxia, acetylcholine elicited dose-dependent
      decreases in lobar arterial pressure, and at the highest dose studied,
      acetylcholine produced a biphasic response. When tone was raised to a high steady
      level with the prostaglandin analogue, U46619, acetylcholine elicited marked dose
      related decreases in lobar arterial pressure. Atropine blocked both
      vasoconstrictor responses at low tone and vasodilator responses at high tone,
      whereas meclofenamate and BW 755C had no effect on responses to acetylcholine at
      low or high tone. The vasoconstrictor response at low tone was blocked by
      pirenzepine (20 and 50 micrograms/kg iv) but not gallamine (10 mg/kg iv). The
      vasodilator response at high tone was not blocked by pirenzepine (50
      micrograms/kg iv) or gallamine or pancuronium (10 mg/kg iv). The present data
      support the concept that pulmonary vascular responses to acetylcholine are tone
      dependent and suggest that the vasoconstrictor response under low-tone conditions
      is mediated by a high-affinity muscarinic (M1)-type receptor. These data also
      suggest that vasodilator responses under high-tone conditions are mediated by
      muscarinic receptors that are neither M1 nor M2 low-affinity muscarinic-type
      receptor and that responses to acetylcholine are not dependent on the release of
      cyclooxygenase or lipoxygenase products.

PMID- 3391900
TI  - Recycling of surfactant in black and beige mice: pool sizes and kinetics.
AB  - Lung disaturated phosphatidylcholine (DSPC) turnover was investigated in normal
      C57 black and mutant beige mice; the latter have been postulated to have
      microtubular defects. Turnover experiments were performed on 117 black and 74
      beige mice that were assayed for lamellar body-rich fraction (LB) and alveolar
      lavage fluid (AF) DSPC from 0.5 to 100 h after injection of [3H]glycerol. The
      data were analyzed by a program that derived the best-fit rate constants for an
      operator-chosen compartmental model. For black mice, a simple model with
      bidirectional exchange of DSPC between LB and AF compartments fitted the data
      almost as well as more complex models. This model yielded a turnover time of 5.9
      h, a biological half-life of 16 h, and recycling of AF DSPC into LB of 47%. There
      was some evidence to suggest that DSPC might be degraded rather than recycled as
      a unit. For beige mice, the DSPC turnover time was 4.8 h, and its biological half
      life was 40 h. The AF DSPC pool was smaller than in black mice, but the LB pool
      was larger. The bidirectional flux of DSPC between AF and LB was much greater
      than in black mice, the percent of recycling being 85. These data do not support
      a microtubular defect in beige mice, but the calculations for beige mice are
      based on a model of questionable validity.

PMID- 3391899
TI  - Effects of food restriction and hyperoxia on rat survival and lung polyamine
      metabolism.
AB  - We fed Sprague-Dawley rats either freely or by restricting them to 20% of their
      usual diet for 21 days. In one experiment, we refed half of the food-restricted
      rats for 12 h, then exposed the three groups to air or 85% O2 for 5 days. The
      mortalities in 85% O2 were 100, 33, and 0% for the food-restricted, restricted
      refed, and freely fed groups, respectively. In air lung polyamine contents and
      glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase
      activities were significantly lower with food restriction. After hyperoxia, lung
      polyamine and protein contents and enzyme activities were increased in the two
      surviving groups, but spermine and DNA contents of refed rats did not increase.
      In a second experiment, we exposed rats to 60% O2 and found that DNA synthesis of
      food-restricted rats was lower than the freely fed rats in air and remained low
      after hyperoxia. We conclude that food restriction increases the mortality from
      85% O2 and is associated with lower DNA synthesis and polyamine content. We
      speculate that food-restricted animals may accumulate greater lung injury partly
      because of a compromised repair process.

PMID- 3391901
TI  - Role of circulating platelets and granulocytes in PAF-induced pulmonary
      dysfunction in awake sheep.
AB  - The effects of a single intravascular bolus injection of platelet-activating
      factor (PAF) on pulmonary hemodynamics, lung mechanics, and lung fluid and solute
      exchange were studied in 13 chronically instrumented unanesthetized sheep. Since
      PAF has profound effects on both platelets and granulocytes, we investigated the
      effects of platelet and granulocyte depletion on the sheep's response to
      exogenous PAF. Sheep received PAF when granulocyte and platelets counts were
      normal and after platelet depletion with rabbit antisheep platelet antibodies (n
      = 5) or granulocyte depletion with hydroxyurea (n = 5). Sheep served as their own
      controls, and the order of experimentation was varied. Bolus injections of PAF
      had reproducible effects on pulmonary hemodynamics (pulmonary arterial pressure
      increased acutely to 85 +/- 3.7 cmH2O) and lung mechanics (dynamic compliance of
      the lungs decreased to 24.5 +/- 3.8% of base line and resistance to airflow
      across the lungs increased greater than 10-fold) and caused marked increases in
      lung lymph concentrations of thromboxane B2 and 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha. The
      single bolus injection of PAF also caused marked prolonged elevations in lung
      lymph flow and increases in the lymph-to-plasma protein concentration ratio for 3
      h after PAF. PAF had profound effects despite platelet and granulocyte depletion.
      Platelet depletion slightly attenuated the pulmonary hypertension observed after
      PAF injection. Platelet depletion also attenuated the increases in thromboxane B2
      concentrations in lung lymph, and lung mechanics normalized more rapidly in
      platelet-depleted sheep. There were no statistically significant effects of
      granulocyte depletion to less than 200 granulocytes/mm3 on any of the measured
      variables.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3391902
TI  - Effect of N2-He-O2 on decompression outcome in rats after variable time-at-depth
      dives.
AB  - No study of decompression sickness has examined both variable gas mixtures and
      variable time at depth to the point of statistical significance. This
      investigation examined the effect of N2-He-O2 on decompression outcome in rats
      after variable time-at-depth dives. Unanesthetized male albino rats were
      subjected to one of two series of simulated dives: 1) N2-He-O2 dives (20.9% O2)
      at 175 feet of seawater fsw) and 2) N2-O2 dives (variable percentage of O2;
      depths from 141 to 207 fsw). Time at depth ranged from 10 to 120 min; rats were
      then decompressed within 10 s to surface pressure. The probability of
      decompression sickness (severe bends symptoms or death) was analyzed with a Hill
      equation model, with parameters for gas potency and equilibrium time for the
      three gases and weight of the animal. Relative potencies for the three gases were
      of similar magnitude for bends and statistically different for death in ascending
      order: O2 less than He less than N2. Estimated gas uptake rates were different.
      N2 took three to four times as long as He to reach full effect; the rate of O2
      appeared to be considerably shorter than that of N2 or He. The large influence of
      O2 on decompression outcome questions the simplistic view that O2 cannot
      contribute to the decompression requirement.

PMID- 3391903
TI  - Velocity-length-time relations in canine tracheal smooth muscle.
AB  - Zero-load velocity (V0) as a function of the length of canine tracheal smooth
      muscle was obtained by applying zero-load clamps to isotonically contracting
      muscle under various loads. The load clamps were applied at a specific time after
      onset of contraction. The magnitude of the isotonic load therefore determines the
      length of the muscle at the moment of release or at the moment the unloaded
      shortening velocity was measured. A family of such V0-muscle length (L) curves
      was obtained at 1-s intervals in the time course of contraction. The V0-L curve
      was fitted by a parabolic function with satisfactory goodness of fit. The maximum
      shortening velocity at optimum muscle length varied with time, but the minimum
      length at which V0 diminished to zero was time independent.

PMID- 3391905
TI  - Pressure, flow, and density relationships in airway models during constant-flow
      ventilation.
AB  - Adequate CO2 elimination and normal arterial PCO2 levels can be maintained in
      dogs during apnea by delivering a continuous flow of inspired gas at high flow
      rate (1-3 l.min-1.kg-1) through tubes placed in the main-stem bronchi. However,
      during constant-flow ventilation (CFV) the mean alveolar pressure is increased,
      causing increased lung volume despite low pressures in the trachea. We
      hypothesized that the increased dynamic alveolar pressures during CFV were due to
      momentum transfer from the high-velocity jet stream to resident gas in the lung.
      To test this, we simulated CFV in straight tubes and in a branched airway model
      to determine whether changes in gas flow rate (V), gas density (rho), and tube
      diameter (D) altered the pressure difference (delta P) between alveoli and airway
      opening in a manner consistent with that predicted by conservation of momentum.
      Momentum analysis predicts that delta P should vary with V2, whereas measurements
      yielded a dependence of V1.69 in branched tubes and V1.9 in straight tubes.
      Substitution of heliox (80% He-20% O2) for air significantly reduced lung
      hyperinflation during CFV. As predicted by momentum transfer, delta P varied with
      rho 1.0. Momentum analysis also predicts that delta P should vary with D-2.0,
      whereas measurements indicated a dependence on D-2.02. The influence of V and rho
      on depth of penetration of the jet down the airway was explored in a straight
      tube model by varying the flow rate and gas used. The influence of geometry on
      penetration was measured by changing the ratio of jet-to-airway tube
      diameters.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3391904
TI  - Effect of morphine on breathing and behavior in fetal sheep.
AB  - To define the dose response of apnea and breathing to morphine we studied 12
      fetuses at 116-141 days of gestation using our window technique. We instrumented
      the fetus to record electrocortical activity (ECoG), eye movements (EOG),
      diaphragmatic activity (integral of EMGdi), heart rate, carotid blood pressure,
      and amniotic pressure. Saline and morphine in doses of 0.03, 0.1, 0.5, 1, and 3
      mg/kg were injected in random order in the jugular vein of the fetus during low
      voltage ECoG. Fetuses were videotaped for evaluation of fetal behavior. We found
      1) that saline did not elicit a response; 2) apnea, associated with a change from
      low- to high-voltage ECoG, increased from 2.2 +/- 1.5 (SE) min in two fetuses at
      a dose of 0.03 mg to 20 +/- 6.3 min in seven fetuses at 3 mg/kg (P less than
      0.005); 3) the length of the breathing responses, associated with a change from
      high- to low-voltage ECoG, were 15 +/- 1.8 and 135.9 +/- 18.1 min (P less than
      0.0005); 4) integral of EMGdi X frequency, an index equivalent to minute
      ventilation, increased from 1,763 +/- 317 arbitrary units to 10,658 +/- 1,843 at
      1.0 mg/kg and then decreased to 7,997 +/- 1,335 at 3.0 mg/kg. These changes were
      related to a steady increase in integral of EMGdi, whereas frequency decreased at
      3 mg/kg. There was an increase in breathing response to morphine plasma
      concentrations or morphine doses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3391906
TI  - Determination of the critical O2 delivery from experimental data: sensitivity to
      error.
AB  - Normally, metabolic need determines tissue O2 consumption (VO2). In states of
      reduced supply, VO2 declines sharply below a critical level of O2 delivery (QO2 =
      blood flow X arterial O2 content). Although several investigators have measured a
      critical O2 delivery in whole animals or in isolated tissues, there is no general
      agreement over how to determine the critical point from a collection of real
      data. In this study, we compare three algorithms for finding the critical O2
      delivery from a set of experimental data. We also present a technique for
      estimating the effect of experimental error on the precision of these algorithms.
      Using 16 data sets collected in normal dogs, we compare single-line, dual-line,
      and polynomial regression algorithms for identifying the critical O2 delivery.
      The dual-line and polynomial regression techniques fit the data better (mean
      residual square deviation 0.024 and 0.031, respectively) than the single
      regression line approach (0.110). To investigate the influence of experimental
      error on the derived critical QO2, we used a Monte Carlo technique, repeatedly
      perturbing the experimental data to simulate experimental error. We then
      calculated the variance of the critical QO2 frequency distribution obtained when
      the three algorithms were applied to the perturbed data. By this analysis, the
      dual-line regression technique was less sensitive to experimental error than the
      polynomial technique.

PMID- 3391907
TI  - Evaluation of lung diffusing capacity by physiological and morphometric
      techniques.
AB  - Determinations of pulmonary diffusing capacity for CO (DLCO) by physiological and
      morphometric techniques have resulted in substantially different values for both
      DLCO and its major components. To evaluate the differences in these methods of
      measurement of DLCO, measurements were made under controlled conditions on
      isolated perfused dog lungs. Multiple gas-rebreathing techniques were used to
      measure DLCO, the membrane component of the diffusing capacity for CO (DmCO), and
      pulmonary capillary blood volume (Vc) in both anesthetized dogs and after
      isolation and perfusion of their lungs. The isolated perfused lungs were than
      perfusion fixed for morphometric analysis of the components of DLCO. The values
      obtained morphometrically for Vc were similar to those measured by physiological
      techniques. Perfusion fixation did not substantially alter the morphometric
      estimate of DmCO when compared with previous values obtained on inflation fixed
      lungs. However, the morphometric estimate of DmCO was over 10 times higher than
      that estimated physiologically. Analysis of the potential errors in the
      techniques suggests that the correct value for DmCO is substantially higher than
      that commonly estimated by use of physiological techniques and that the
      explanation for the difference is due to a number of factors that can influence
      the binding of CO to hemoglobin under in vivo conditions. The net effect of these
      factors can be represented by an unknown in each component of the Roughton
      Forster relationship so that 1/DL = 1/(U1.Dm) + 1/(U2.theta Vc), where theta is
      the binding rate for CO to hemoglobin. Because the magnitudes of the unknown
      terms (U1 and U2) in the Roughton-Forster relationship are likely to be large,
      this relationship cannot be reliably used to determine Dm and Vc.

PMID- 3391908
TI  - Role of transferrin and ceruloplasmin in antioxidant activity of lung epithelial
      lining fluid.
AB  - Lung epithelial lining fluid (ELF) is a thin layer of plasma ultrafiltrate and
      locally secreted substances that may provide antioxidant protection and serve as
      a "front-line" defense for the lower respiratory tract epithelium. To
      characterize the antioxidant properties of ELF, young, healthy, nonsmoking
      volunteers underwent bronchoalveolar lavage with determination of ELF volumes and
      ELF proteins. ELF (greater than 0.4 ml) is a potent inhibitor of lipid
      peroxidation as measured by malondialdehyde (MDA) production in an in vitro iron
      dependent assay system. Two serum proteins, transferrin and ceruloplasmin, were
      quantitated in ELF and found to be potent inhibitors of lipid peroxidation. Other
      ELF components, including vitamin E, vitamin C, and albumin, did not function as
      antioxidants in this system. Several experimental observations suggest that ELF
      transferrin was more important than ceruloplasmin in inhibiting lipid
      peroxidation: 1) ELF concentrations of transferrin were 20-fold higher than those
      for ceruloplasmin; 2) ELF antioxidant activity was abolished by preincubation
      with Fe3+; 3) ELF antioxidant activity was minimally affected by sodium azide,
      which is known to inhibit ceruloplasmin ferroxidase activity; and 4) ELF
      ceruloplasmin ferroxidase activity was virtually nondetectable. ELF possesses a
      significant antioxidant activity that may be important in vivo in protecting the
      lung from oxidant injury.

PMID- 3391910
TI  - Nocturnal shifts in thermal and metabolic responses of the immature rat.
AB  - Immature rats were tested at 2, 7, 11, and 15 days of age to determine steady
      state thermoregulatory responses during light (L) and dark (D) phases of the
      daily cycle. Pups were housed with dams in a vivarium illuminated from 0700 to
      1900 h. During each phase tests began approximately 1 h after the change in the
      light conditions of the vivarium. Duration of each test was approximately 7 h.
      Rats were tested individually in temperature-controlled cylinders at ambient
      temperatures (Ta) = 25.0, 30.0, 32.5, and 35.0 degrees C. Both colonic (Tco) and
      tail skin temperatures of each animal were measured continuously. O2 content of
      effluent air from each cylinder was determined to provide an estimate of
      metabolic rate (M). Immature rats, at 2 to 11 days of age, exhibited significant
      L:D differences in M and Tco. However, no significant L:D differences in these
      responses were noted at 15 days of age. In every case, nocturnal increases in Tco
      were associated with a rise in M. L:D differences in Tco response were not
      attributed to a significant change in total thermal conductance. These data
      support the conclusion that the immature rat exhibits daily variation in
      metabolic rate, which is the primary contributor to L:D shifts in Tco.

PMID- 3391909
TI  - Effects of respiratory variables on regional gas transport during high-frequency
      ventilation.
AB  - The regional effects of tidal volume (VT), respiratory frequency, and expiratory
      to-inspiratory time ratio (TE/TI) during high-frequency ventilation (HFV) were
      studied in anesthetized and paralyzed dogs. Regional ventilation per unit of lung
      volume (spVr) was assessed with a positron camera during the washout of the
      tracer isotope 13NN from the lungs of 12 supine dogs. From the washout data,
      functional images of the mean residence time (MRT) of 13NN were produced and spVr
      was estimated as the inverse of the regional MRT. We found that at a constant VT
      X f product (where f represents frequency), increasing VT resulted in higher
      overall lung spV through the local enhancement of the basal spVr and with little
      effect in the apical spVr. In contrast, increasing VT X f at constant VT
      increased overall ventilation without significantly affecting the distribution of
      spVr values. TE/TI had no substantial effect in regional spVr distribution. These
      findings suggest that the dependency of gas transport during HFV of the form VT2
      X f is the result of a progressive regional transition in gas transport
      mechanism. It appears, therefore, that as VT increases, the gas transport
      mechanism changes from a relative inefficient dispersive mechanism, dependent on
      VT X f, to the more efficient mechanism of direct fresh gas convection to alveoli
      with high regional tidal volume-to-dead-space ratio. A mathematical model of gas
      transport in a nonhomogeneous lung that exhibits such behavior is presented.

PMID- 3391912
TI  - A model of the lung structure and its validation.
AB  - As a framework to describe the structure of the lung, a theory is presented under
      the assumptions that all alveoli are initially equal and space filling, are
      ventilated as uniformly as possible, and obey the laws of elasticity. A
      combination of the tetrakaidecahedron (14-hedron) and the order-2 14-hedron
      formed by 14 14-hedra surrounding a central one that is perforated for
      ventilation meets the requirements. Alveolar ductal tree is formed by these order
      2 polyhedra. Equilibrium and elasticity require the alveolar mouths to be curved
      and convex toward the alveolar wall. Perforation of additional walls causes a
      variety of alveolar shapes. The predicted shapes of the alveoli, the shapes of
      alveolar mouths, the lengths of sacs and ducts, the statistics of the dihedral
      angles, stars, corners, lines, dots, and vertices compare well with available
      morphometric data. The vascular and bronchial trees are joined at the alveolar
      level: each arteriole supplies 0.75 and each venule drains 0.72 order-2
      polyhedra.

PMID- 3391911
TI  - Effect of progressive exercise on lung fluid balance in sheep.
AB  - The purpose of this study is to determine the roles of cardiac output and
      microvascular pressure on changes in lung fluid balance during exercise in awake
      sheep. We studied seven sheep during progressive treadmill exercise to exhaustion
      (10% grade), six sheep during prolonged constant-rate exercise for 45-60 min, and
      five sheep during hypoxia (fraction of inspired O2 = 0.12) and hypoxic exercise.
      We made continuous measurements of pulmonary arterial, left atrial, and systemic
      arterial pressures, lung lymph flow, and cardiac output. Exercise more than
      doubled cardiac output and increased pulmonary arterial pressures from 19.2 +/- 1
      to 34.8 +/- 3.5 (SE) cmH2O. Lung lymph flow increased rapidly fivefold during
      progressive exercise and returned immediately to base-line levels when exercise
      was stopped. Lymph-to-plasma protein concentration ratios decreased slightly but
      steadily. Lymph flows correlated closely with changes in cardiac output and with
      calculated microvascular pressures. The drop in lymph-to-plasma protein ratio
      during exercise suggests that microvascular pressure rises during exercise,
      perhaps due to increased pulmonary venous pressure. Lymph flow and protein
      content were unaffected by hypoxia, and hypoxia did not alter the lymph changes
      seen during normoxic exercise. Lung lymph flow did not immediately return to base
      line after prolonged exercise, suggesting hydration of the lung interstitium.

PMID- 3391913
TI  - Temporal and regional variability of collateral resistance response to histamine.
AB  - Using the wedged bronchoscope technique, we measured the changes in collateral
      resistance (Rcoll) in dogs resulting from exposure to aerosols of increasing
      concentrations of histamine. Histamine dose-response curves were performed in
      each of two to three separate lobar segments of an individual mongrel dog's
      lungs. Five dogs were studied. The same segments were reexamined on later
      occasions (2-11 wk apart) to determine whether the responsiveness to histamine
      had altered with time. Measurements of base-line Rcoll for a given segment were
      reproducible (coefficient of variation 0.48). In contrast, we observed that the
      estimated dose of histamine required to increase Rcoll by 50% (ED150Rcoll) was
      extremely variable both among lung segments of an individual dog on a single
      experimental day (geometric mean variability of 40-fold) and for a given segment
      when reexamined on repeated occasions (geometric mean variability of 47-fold).
      The ED150Rcoll did not correlate with the base-line Rcoll. The degree of
      variability we observed suggests that peripheral contractile elements are under
      the influence of powerful local modulating factors that vary both regionally and
      temporally.

PMID- 3391914
TI  - A model of constant-flow ventilation in a dog lung.
AB  - A semiempirical model of constant-flow ventilation (CFV) is developed to test the
      hypothesis that a three-zone serial model with the following characteristics can
      explain the adequate CO2 transport observed during CFV: 1) a zone of jet
      recirculation immediately downstream of the catheter in which convection
      dominates; 2) a zone influenced by turbulence but with little or no bulk flow;
      and 3) a peripheral zone, free of turbulence, in which transport is governed by
      molecular and augmented diffusion. Interactions between turbulent eddies and
      cardiogenic oscillations are included using a modification of Taylor dispersion
      theory according to the formulation of Kamm et al. Predicted values for arterial
      PCO2 are reasonably similar to experimental results for He-O2, air, and SF6-O2
      mixtures for catheter flow rates from 0.2 to 1.6 l/s. Specific impedance to gas
      exchange was found to be largest immediately proximal to the end of turbulent
      mixing zone, where transport is governed by low-level eddy mixing and molecular
      diffusion. Simulations suggest that, during CFV, cardiogenic oscillations augment
      gas exchange primarily by promoting turbulent eddy dispersion in the distal
      airways and by extending the length of the turbulent mixing zone. Even small
      displacements of the catheter are shown to have a dramatic effect on gas
      exchange.

PMID- 3391915
TI  - Intra-airway thermodynamics during exercise and hyperventilation in asthmatics.
AB  - To determine whether exercise and hyperventilation produce the same intrathoracic
      thermal events in asthmatics, we used a thermal probe to record airstream
      temperatures during both stimuli at multiple points within the tracheobronchial
      tree. From these data, the global and regionally distributed exchanges of water
      and heat that occurred throughout the respiratory tract were calculated. During
      each provocation, intra-airway temperatures fell equivalently, thereby producing
      similar intrathoracic water fluxes and heat transfers. Neither stimulus was
      associated with airway drying, and both resulted in similar distributed losses of
      thermal energy from the tracheobronchial tree despite small regional heat and
      water exchanges. The degree of airway obstruction was identical after both
      challenges; however, the onset of airway narrowing was earlier with
      hyperventilation and developed in association with more rapid rewarming. These
      data demonstrate that the hyperpnea of exercise and hyperventilation produce
      identical thermal consequences within the respiratory tract of asthmatics.

PMID- 3391916
TI  - Effects of inhibitors on chloride outflux from cerebrospinal fluid.
AB  - Movement of chloride from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to brain or blood is one of
      the factors that may be involved in regulation of CSF [Cl-], which is important
      to CSF acid-base balance. We made quantitative measurements of the unidirectional
      outflux of radiolabeled chloride (38Cl, half-life 37.3 min) from CSF in
      anesthetized dogs, using ventriculocisternal perfusion (VCP). The outflux of 38Cl
      from CSF was determined from the difference between the movements of 38Cl and
      dextran using a one-compartment model. VCP was performed at a rate of 1.4 ml/min
      for 14 min, and then slowed to 0.28 ml/min. The 38Cl activity decreased to a
      steady-state level approximately 12% lower than that of dextran within 40-50 min.
      Under control conditions for the first run (n = 24), the flux was 0.042 +/- 0.003
      (SE) ml/min. The outflux under control conditions (n = 6) tended to increase over
      three separate determinations in a 6-h period, being 136 +/- 19% of the first run
      on the second run, and 143 +/- 24% on the third. There were no significant
      changes in 38Cl outflux compared with control ratios after the inclusion of
      bumetanide in the VCP fluid (n = 6), which inhibits sodium-coupled Cl- transport,
      with acetazolamide (n = 6), which inhibits carbonic anhydrase, or with 4,4'
      diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (n = 6), an inhibitor of carrier
      mediated anion exchange. These results suggest that the outward movement of
      chloride from CSF occurs mostly by passive diffusion and is not by mediated
      transport.

PMID- 3391917
TI  - Autonomic mediation of the pressor responses to isometric exercise in humans.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine the respective contributions of
      tachycardia and increases in sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) in mediating the
      pressor responses to fatiguing vs. nonfatiguing levels of isometric handgrip
      exercise (IHE) in humans. We performed direct (microneurographic) measurements of
      muscle SNA from the right peroneal nerve in the leg and recorded arterial
      pressure (AP) and heart rate (HR) in eight healthy subjects before (control),
      during, and after 2.5 min of IHE at 15, 25, or 35% of maximal voluntary
      contraction (MVC). At 15% MVC, AP increased during the initial 1.5 min of IHE (7
      mmHg, P less than 0.05) and remained at this level; at 25 and 35% MVC, AP
      increased throughout IHE (22 and 34 mmHg vs. control, respectively, P less than
      0.05). HR increased during the initial 1.5 min of IHE at all three levels (5, 12,
      and 19 beats/min, respectively, P less than 0.05) but did not increase further
      over the last minute. At 15% MVC, muscle SNA did not increase above control;
      during 25 and 35% MVC, muscle SNA did not increase during the 1st min of IHE but
      increased progressively thereafter (109 and 205% vs. control, respectively, P
      less than 0.05). The magnitudes of the average increases in AP and muscle SNA
      over the last minute of IHE were directly related (r = 0.99, P less than
      0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3391918
TI  - Cardiopulmonary baroreflexes do not modulate exercise-induced sympathoexcitation.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to test the general hypothesis that
      sympathoinhibitory cardiopulmonary baroreflexes modulate sympathetic outflow
      during voluntary exercise in humans. Direct (microneurographic) measurements of
      postganglionic sympathetic nerve activity to noncontracting muscle (MSNA) were
      made from the right peroneal nerve in the leg, and arterial pressure (AP) and
      heart rate (HR) were recorded in 10 healthy subjects before (control) and for 2.5
      min during each of five interventions: 1) lower-body negative pressure at -10
      mmHg (LBNP) alone, 2 and 3) isometric handgrip exercise at 15 and 30% of maximal
      voluntary contraction (MVC) alone, and 4 and 5) handgrip at 15 and 30% MVC
      performed during LBNP. During LBNP alone, which should have reduced
      cardiopulmonary baroreflex sympathoinhibition, AP and HR did not change from
      control, but MSNA increased 93 +/- 24% (P less than 0.05). Handgrip elicited
      contraction intensity-dependent increases in AP and HR (P less than 0.05), but
      MSNA increased above control only at the 30% MVC level (165 +/- 30%, P less than
      0.05). The HR, AP, and MSNA responses to either level of handgrip performed
      during LBNP were not different from the algebraic sums of the corresponding
      responses to handgrip and LBNP performed separately (P greater than 0.05). Since
      there was no facilitation of the MSNA response to handgrip when performed during
      LBNP compared with algebraic sums of the separate responses, our results do not
      support the hypothesis that cardiopulmonary baroreflexes modulate (inhibit)
      sympathetic outflow during exercise in humans.

PMID- 3391919
TI  - A theoretical analysis of interrupter technique for measuring respiratory
      mechanics.
AB  - The application of the flow interrupter technique to series and parallel models
      of the respiratory system is examined theoretically, assuming instantaneous
      transmission of pressures and incompressible gases in the lung air spaces. The
      initial pressure change observed immediately after occlusion divided by the
      preocclusion flow gives an initial resistance (Rinit) equal to that of the airway
      tree when the model consists of compartments connected in parallel. When the
      compartments are connected in series, Rinit is the resistance of the most
      proximal airway only. In general, the initial pressure change is followed by a
      second slower change, reflecting equilibration of pressures between the
      compartments. The total postocclusion pressure change divided by the flow gives a
      steady-state resistance (Rss) whose value depends on the ventilation history
      before occlusion. When this history consists of a relaxed expiration Rss
      asymptotes from Rinit to a value higher than the zero-frequency resistance of the
      model as the expiratory time increases. However, the relative contributions of
      serial and parallel pendelluft and viscoelasticity to Rss cannot be determined
      from pressure and flow measurements made at the airway opening. Therefore in
      disease, the interrupter method does not permit one to say whether ventilation
      inhomogeneity or alteration in lung tissue properties is the predominant
      abnormality.

PMID- 3391920
TI  - Assessment of maximal expiratory pressure in healthy adults.
AB  - Maximal static expiratory pressure developed at the mouth (PEmax) provides a
      useful clinical index of expiratory muscle function; however, the range of normal
      values among laboratories shows considerable variation. We examined the
      hypothesis that the wide variability could be attributable to the differences in
      technique among laboratories. We measured PEmax at functional residual capacity
      (PEmax FRC) in 28 healthy subjects using the following five techniques: 1) using
      a scuba-type mouthpiece with the cheeks supported by the hands ("hands on"), 2)
      without supporting the cheeks ("no hands"), 3) using a rigid, circular mouthpiece
      (2.8 cm ID, "tube"), 4) using the scuba-type mouthpiece but with the cheeks
      supported by an observer ("other hands"), and 5) using a large-bore circular
      mouthpiece (4.1 cm ID, "new tube"). Mean PEmax FRC obtained with hands on was
      significantly higher than no-hands and tube methods. PEmax FRC values obtained by
      the other-hands and new-tube maneuvers were similar to the hands-on maneuver. We
      conclude that the technique used to measure PEmax FRC can significantly affect
      the results and suggest that it should be measured using a large-bore circular
      mouthpiece or a scuba-diving mouthpiece with the cheeks supported.

PMID- 3391921
TI  - Accuracy of fiberoptic central venous saturation catheter below 50%.
AB  - The fiberoptic central venous flotation catheter has gained widespread clinical
      acceptance for continuous monitoring of mixed venous oxyhemoglobin saturation.
      There are obvious research applications to this device, especially in monitoring
      very low central venous saturations in response to hypoxic challenge and
      cardiopulmonary exercise testing. However, the accuracy of this device has not
      been established in such low saturation ranges in humans. This study examines the
      tracking characteristics of the Opticath (Oximetrix, Mountain View, CA) pulmonary
      arterial catheter in comparison to simultaneously drawn blood specimens in which
      oxyhemoglobin saturation was determined by direct spectrophotometric oximetry.
      The results show that the catheter follows saturation established by bench
      oximetry quite closely between 50 and 80%, the range most commonly encountered in
      the clinical setting. However, at saturations below this range, the catheter
      consistently underestimates direct spectrophotometry. Since accuracy is extremely
      important for research purposes, two equations that can be used to correct
      catheter readings for mixed venous saturations less than 50% are presented.

PMID- 3391922
TI  - Low VA/Q areas: arterial-alveolar N2 difference and multiple inert gas
      elimination technique.
AB  - In 16 critically ill patients the arterial-alveolar N2 difference and data from
      the multiple inert gas elimination technique (MIGET) were compared in the
      evaluation of the contribution of low alveolar ventilation-perfusion ratio (VA/Q)
      lung regions (0.005 less than VA/Q less than 0.1) to venous admixture (Qva/QT).
      The arterial-alveolar N2 difference was determined using a manometric technique
      for the measurement of the arterial N2 partial pressure (PN2). We adopted a two
      compartment model of the lung, one compartment having a VA/Q of approximately 1,
      the other being open, gas filled, unventilated (VA/Q = 0), and in equilibrium
      with the mixed venous blood. This theoretical single compartment represents all
      lung regions responsible for the arterial-alveolar N2 difference. The fractional
      blood flow to this compartment was calculated using an appropriate mixing
      equation (Q0/QT). There was a weak but significant relationship between Q0/QT and
      the perfusion fraction to lung regions with low VA/Q (0.005 less than VA/Q less
      than 0.1) (r = 0.542, P less than 0.05) and a close relationship between Q0/QT
      and the perfusion fraction to lung regions with VA/Q ratios less than 0.9 (r =
      0.862, P less than 0.001) as obtained from MIGET. The difference Qva/QT-Q0/QT
      yielded a close estimation of the MIGET right-to-left shunt (Qs/QT) (r = 0.962, P
      less than 0.001). We conclude that the assessment of the arterial-alveolar N2
      difference and Q0/QT does not yield a quantitative estimation of the contribution
      of pathologically low VA/Q areas to QVa/QT because these parameters reflect an
      unknown combination of pathological and normal (0.1 less than VA/Q less than 0.9)
      gas exchange units.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3391924
TI  - Coronary artery embolization in closed-chest canines using flexible radiopaque
      plugs.
AB  - A new technique induces localized myocardial infarction in closed-chest dogs by
      placing discrete plugs in coronary arteries without using cumbersome coaxial
      catheters or guide wires. Flexible plugs, essential to this method, are formed by
      extruding a dental impression polymer, rendered radiopaque with sodium iodide,
      into spaghetti-like strands. Segments of these strands can be injected through a
      catheter into a selected coronary artery. Contact with blood or saline causes
      plugs to swell. The mean increase in plug diameter due to swelling was 27 +/-
      20%. Eight anesthetized dogs were embolized via carotid approach [6 left anterior
      descending (LAD), 1 left circumflex (LCX), and 1 LAD and LCX]. Plug positions
      were monitored fluoroscopically. One animal died at 2 days postembolization. The
      remaining seven dogs were killed after 14-37 days. Autopsies showed complete
      vessel occlusion and localized infarction. Infarcts resulting from coronary
      artery occlusion with one, two, or three plugs involved 2-26% of the left
      ventricular mass.

PMID- 3391923
TI  - Correlation of left phrenic arterial flow with regional diaphragmatic blood flow.
AB  - Previous work has assumed that left phrenic arterial blood flow (Qpa) reflects
      diaphragmatic blood flow. We have tested this assumption in four anesthetized
      mechanically ventilated dogs by measuring Qpa with a Doppler flow probe and
      regional diaphragmatic blood flow with radiolabeled microspheres. Flows were
      examined during control 1 (diaphragm at rest), pacing (phrenic pacing: rate
      20/min, duty cycle 0.33), control 2, hypotension (rest with mean arterial
      pressure reduced by 45% of the control 1 value), and hypotension and pacing. As a
      percent of the control 1 value, Qpa was 511 +/- 107% during pacing, 139 +/- 12%
      during control 2, 40 +/- 13% during hypotension, and finally 347 +/- 31% during
      hypotension and pacing. Similarly, percent left hemidiaphragmatic blood flow
      (Qlh) was 362 +/- 91% during pacing, 91 +/- 10% during control 2, 14 +/- 2%
      during hypotension, and finally 213 +/- 50% during hypotension and pacing. The
      changes in flow to the left costal and crural diaphragm were similar to those
      recorded for Qlh. We conclude that Qpa correlates with total and regional
      diaphragmatic blood flow (r = 0.77-0.81, P less than 0.001) under conditions of
      supramaximal phrenic nerve stimulation in which the metabolic demands of the
      region perfused by the phrenic artery are presumed to be similar to the metabolic
      demands of the rest of the diaphragm.

PMID- 3391926
TI  - IgE-challenged human lung mast cells excite vagal sensory neurons in vitro.
AB  - Substances released from immunoglobin (Ig) E-stimulated mast cells are likely to
      be among the chemical mediators responsible for changes in the vagal component of
      airway reactivity. We have attempted to identify a direct role for mast cell
      mediators in the control of visceral afferent excitability by examining
      intracellular electrophysiological changes in vagal neurons after application of
      extracts prepared from purified and IgE-stimulated human lung mast cells (HLMC).
      HLMC's, applied by superfusion or by focal pressure ejection from micropipettes,
      reversibly enhanced the excitability of a subpopulation of rabbit visceral
      sensory C-fiber neurons by 1) abolishing the slow Ca2+-dependent post-spike after
      hyperpolarization that uniquely resides in these neurons and controls their spike
      frequency, 2) depolarizing the cell membrane potential, and 3) increasing
      membrane input resistance. Control HLMC prepared by subjecting purified human
      lung mast cells to normal goat serum had no measurable affects on neuronal
      excitability. The immunologically released constituents responsible for these
      excitability changes are likely to be lipid mediators, because essentially all
      biological activity is extractable into an organic phase after methanol
      chloroform solvent extraction of the HLMC preparations. These results provide the
      first unambiguous evidence that products released from immunologically challenged
      HLMC's directly affect visceral afferent nerve cell function.

PMID- 3391925
TI  - A mouthpiece face mask for the exercising dog.
AB  - To develop a rebreathing method for lung volumes, cardiac output with acetylene,
      and CO diffusing capacity in awake exercising dogs, we have modified and adapted
      the low-dead-space mask of Montefusco et al. (Angiology 34: 340-354, 1983). We
      have simplified the fabrication procedure, allowing the physiologist to make the
      device from parts that can be prefabricated before each dog is custom fitted with
      the mouthpiece. This decreases the anesthesia time required to custom fit the
      mouthpiece to each dog. We have also reduced the weight of the mask, making it
      more tolerable during exercise. We have validated that the mask is leak-free by
      having the dog rebreathe an inert insoluble gas, He, until equilibration is
      achieved between the bag and lung. Preliminary measurements of lung volume,
      cardiac output with acetylene, and CO diffusing capacity have been made during
      exercise.

PMID- 3391927
TI  - Phagocytic defects II: Abnormalities of the respiratory burst.

PMID- 3391928
TI  - Use of semipermeable polyurethane hollow fibers for pituitary organ culture.
AB  - A new model for organ culture of endocrine tissue is described. Rat anterior
      pituitary fragments were cultured for 4 wk within semipermeable polyurethane
      isocyanate hollow fibers. Growth hormone and prolactin, two of the anterior
      pituitary hormones, were released into the medium during the entire culture
      period. Electron microscopy of the pituitary fragments after 2 wk in culture
      showed a rim of viable tissue in all specimens examined. Individual cells, from
      this outer rim, exhibited excellent organelle preservation and numerous secretory
      granules. Experiments involving potassium depolarization and 10(-6) M dopamine
      provided evidence for the normal responsiveness of the cultured pituitary tissue
      to both stimulatory and inhibitory factors. These studies illustrate the
      potential utility of the described organ culture system for further
      investigations of endocrine physiology.

PMID- 3391929
TI  - Experimental pitfalls in evaluating vectorial protein secretion in vitro; Sertoli
      cell secretion of androgen-binding protein and transferrin in two-compartment
      culture chambers.
AB  - We examined the influence of various Millipore filter pretreatments on the
      amounts of androgen-binding protein (ABP) and transferrin (Trf) found in the
      outer (OC) and inner (IC) compartment of two-compartment Sertoli cell (Sc)
      cultures. When Sc were cultured on untreated Millipore filters, less than 10% of
      ABP was found in OC during 3 initial culture days compared to similar cultures on
      pretreated filters. Most of the glycoprotein was shown to be bound by the filter.
      Pretreatment of Millipore filters with 5% bovine serum albumin (BSA) or 2% fetal
      bovine serum (FBS) maximally saturated the nonspecific protein-binding sites
      resulting in OC:IC ratio of ABP similar to that found in cultures on
      polycarbonate membranes, which exhibit very low protein-binding capacity. In
      contrast to ABP, about 40% of Trf was bound by the Millipore filter on Day 1,
      with only trace amounts bound thereafter. These differences were due to much
      higher secretion rate of Trf than ABP, resulting in a relatively smaller fraction
      of Trf bound to the filter. Again, the nonspecific binding of Trf was greatly
      reduced by filter pretreatment with 5% BSA or 2% FBS. It is concluded that
      complete saturation of protein-binding sites of cellulose ester supports is
      necessary for reliable evaluation of vectorial protein secretion by Sc and other
      polarized epithelial cells maintained in this type of culture. The implications
      of partial saturation of protein-binding sites of culture support in interpreting
      experimental results are discussed.

PMID- 3391930
TI  - Collagen gel culture of rat mammary tumor cells as an assay system for
      determination of therapeutic efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents.
AB  - Collagen gel culture of rat mammary epithelial cells was used as an in vitro
      assay system for determination of the therapeutic efficacy of three cytotoxic
      agents commonly used in the treatment of human breast cancer, namely 5
      fluorouracil (5-FU), methotrexate, and Adriamyin (ADR). The same three drugs were
      also evaluated in vivo, and a good correlation was obtained between the results
      in these two systems. A 9-d culture was shown to be more reliable than a 12-d
      culture, because nondrug-related cell mortality became a confounding factor after
      12 d. Although further experiments are necessary, it is suggested that collagen
      gel culture may well prove to be a useful assay system for determination of
      sensitivity of tumor cells to cytotoxic drugs with possible clinical applications
      in the choice of treatment modality administered to cancer patients.

PMID- 3391931
TI  - Clonal growth characteristics of adult human prostatic epithelial cells.
AB  - The ability of human epithelial cells derived from adult prostatic tissues to
      undergo clonal growth in culture was examined. In a previously described serum
      free culture system, such cells exhibited a density-dependent growth requirement.
      It was found that raising the level of one of the constituents of the culture
      medium, bovine pituitary extract, to 100 micrograms/ml permitted excellent clonal
      growth when as few as 100 cells were inoculated/60-mm2 dish. Raising the levels
      of supplements other than pituitary extract (cholera toxin, epidermal growth
      factor, hydrocortisone, or insulin) did not produce this result. The average
      colony-forming efficiency of cells derived from primary or early passage cultures
      was approximately 25%. When single cell suspensions were prepared from tissue
      isolates and directly analyzed for clonal growth, colony-forming efficiencies
      were approximately 5%, perhaps indicating the proportion of stem cells with
      proliferative potential in the original isolates. The colony-forming efficiency
      of a cell population derived from cancer tissue was not significantly different
      from those of populations derived from normal tissues.

PMID- 3391932
TI  - In vitro assessment of target cell specificity in cadmium carcinogenesis:
      interactions of cadmium and zinc with isolated interstitial cells of the rat
      testes.
AB  - Cadmium (Cd) induces testicular tumors of interstitial cell (IC) origin in rats
      which can be prevented by zinc (Zn). Zn-induced synthesis of metallothionein
      (MT), a metal-binding protein with a high affinity for Cd, is thought to account
      for tolerance to Cd in most tissues by sequestration of Cd. However, the
      mechanism of Zn inhibition of Cd-induced carcinogenesis in the testes is unknown.
      Our studies with ICs obtained by collagenase dispersion of rat testes, indicate
      the levels of the Cd-binding protein in ICs are unaltered by Zn. This testicular
      protein also was found to differ from MT in amino acid content and to have a
      lower affinity for Cd. Thus, MT does not seem to be involved in protection of ICs
      against Cd carcinogenesis. Altered Cd toxicokinetics as a possible explanation
      for Zn-induced tolerance was therefore explored. Cd uptake into isolated ICs had
      passive diffusion and nonpassive (carrier mediated or active transport or both)
      components. The nonpassive component of Cd accumulation was markedly reduced by
      addition of Zn in vitro, indicative of competition for uptake at the cellular
      level. These results indicate that toxicokinetic alterations leading to reduced
      Cd accumulation may play an important role in Zn induction of tolerance to Cd
      carcinogenesis in the testes.

PMID- 3391933
TI  - Establishment of a galactocerebrosidase-deficient twitcher mouse cell line that
      expresses galactocerebrosidase activity in hybrids with control human
      fibroblasts.
AB  - Primary cell cultures from twitcher (galactocerebrosidase deficient) mice were
      made by enzymatic dispersion and explantation of skin obtained from 3-d-old
      littermates of a twi+/twi X twi+/twi mating. Galactocerebrosidase activity
      remained deficient for two twitcher cell lines, TM-1 and TM-2, and both lines
      demonstrated an initial period of growth decline, followed by accelerated growth.
      The TM-2 line has been subcultured for more than 3.5 yr, has a modal chromosome
      number of 63, a doubling time of approximately 16 h, and has remained
      galactocerebrosidase deficient throughout its life span. These data indicate this
      to be an established twitcher cell line that can be continuously maintained in
      culture as a transformed galactocerebrosidase-deficient mouse cell line. This
      established line was rendered 6-thioguanine resistant so that the cells could be
      fused with control human fibroblasts and selected for hybrid lines in
      hypoxanthine-aminopterin-thymidine medium. Also, the established twitcher cells
      were crossed with neomycin-resistant control human fibroblasts and selected in
      G418 medium. Several of the hybrid lines from both crosses had higher than
      deficient levels of galactocerebrosidase activity initially, followed by a
      decrease to twitcher levels during subculture, whereas other lines retained high
      levels of activity. These results indicate that twitcher-human somatic cell
      hybrids will express galactocerebrosidase activity and thus may be useful for
      determining the human chromosome or chromosomes associated with this expression.

PMID- 3391935
TI  - Amputee walking training: a preliminary study of biomechanical measurements of
      stance and balance.
AB  - Biomechanical parameters of stance and balance were recorded in ten unilateral
      lower limb amputees at the beginning and end of walking training. Measurements
      were carried out using a Double Video Forceplate (DVF), a machine developed at
      University College, London, Bioengineering Centre, Roehampton. During free
      standing on the DVF there was a mean increase in weight-bearing under the
      prosthetic foot from 32% body weight (1st session) to 41% body weight (final
      session), p less than 0.01. Maximum weight-bearing during leaning as far as
      possible onto the prosthesis increased from a mean of 54% body weight to 63% body
      weight, p less than 0.01. These simple measurements of weight distribution
      between the feet can be of value during walking training to monitor progress and
      can accurately record improvement for research purposes.

PMID- 3391936
TI  - Incontinence pads and appliances.

PMID- 3391934
TI  - Transferrin and iron requirements of embryonic mesoderm cells cultured in
      hydrated collagen matrices.
AB  - Very early embryonic mesoderm cells were taken from the primitive streak-stage
      chick embryo and cultured in a matrix of type I collagen in the presence of
      serum. Previous work has shown that under these conditions cells do not leave the
      explant and move in the collagen in the absence of supplemented avian
      transferrin. Cells explanted onto tissue culture plastic in the presence of serum
      do not require this transferrin supplement. These observations were investigated
      further by culturing cells in collagen in the presence of the lipophilic iron
      chelator, ferric pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazone (FePIH), which can replace
      transferrin as an iron-delivery agent. Under conditions in which FePIH could
      effectively stimulate chick embryo myoblast growth, no such long-term stimulation
      was obtained with the early mesoderm cells in collagen. This suggested that for
      mesoderm cells, FePIH could not replace transferrin. Antibody to the transferrin
      receptor and to transferrin itself inhibited growth of myoblasts in collagen and
      on plastic, and of mesoderm cells in collagen. Mesoderm cells on plastic,
      however, were refractory to the presence of the antibody directed to the receptor
      and seemed to show a low dependency on transferrin-delivered iron under these
      conditions, inasmuch as antiserum to transferrin itself only caused a partial
      inhibition of outgrowth. The results suggest that mesoderm cells in collagen
      require transferrin for both iron uptake and for another unspecified function. It
      is consistent with the results to propose that transferrin binding might modulate
      the cells' attachment to collagen, thus influencing outgrowth. The distribution
      of the actin cytoskeleton in mesoderm cells actively migrating in collagen, such
      as in the presence of transferrin, suggests a stronger attachment to the collagen
      than nonmigrating cells.

PMID- 3391937
TI  - Functional capacity among the elderly in Sweden.
AB  - The author describes Swedish experience with an increasingly large elderly
      population, concentrating on problems relating to ADL, hygiene, housing and
      locomotion.

PMID- 3391938
TI  - Rapid identification of color additives, using the C18 cartridge: collaborative
      study.
AB  - Nine laboratories collaboratively studied a method for the separation and
      identification of the 7 permitted FD&C color additives (Red Nos. 3 and 40; Blue
      Nos. 1 and 2; Yellow Nos. 5 and 6; Green No. 3) and the banned FD&C Red No. 2 in
      foods. The method is based on use of a commercial C18 cartridge and
      spectrophotometry or thin layer chromatography. Collaborators analyzed 5
      commercial products (noodles, candy, carbonated soda, flavored gelatin, and
      powdered drink) and 2 dye mixtures (one containing FD&C Red Nos. 2, 3, and 40;
      the other containing FD&C Green No. 3 and Red No. 3). All of the colors were
      identified with little or no difficulty by 8 collaborators. The method has been
      adopted official first action.

PMID- 3391939
TI  - Simultaneous determination of D- and L-malic acids in apple juice by gas
      chromatography.
AB  - A gas chromatographic (GC) method was developed for the simultaneous
      determination of D- and L-malic acids in apple juice. D-Malic-(R)-(-)-2-butyl
      ester and L-malic-(R)-(-)-2-butyl ester are prepared with (R)-(-)-2-butanol.
      These diastereomers are separated and quantitated by gas chromatography on a
      Carbowax 20M (30 m x 0.25 mm) fused silica capillary column. This procedure does
      not involve any extraction or cleanup step.

PMID- 3391940
TI  - Liquid chromatographic methodology for the characterization of orange juice.
AB  - Liquid chromatographic (LC) methodology potentially useful for the
      characterization of orange juice, with particular regard to detecting
      adulteration of orange juice by computer pattern recognition analysis, has been
      developed. After dilution with methanol the juice is extracted with hexane to
      remove the carotenoids, which are chromatographed on a C18 column with an
      acetonitrile-methanol-methylene chloride mobile phase and detection at 450 nm.
      Further extraction of the juice with methylene chloride isolates the methoxylated
      flavones, which are chromatographed by reverse phase LC with an acetonitrile
      methanol-water mobile phase and detection at 280 nm. The flavanone glycosides
      remaining in solution are chromatographed on a C18 column with an acetonitrile
      water mobile phase and detection at 280 nm. The precisions of the heights of the
      32 LC peaks selected for pattern recognition analysis were determined from 5
      replicate analyses of a single juice. Coefficients of variation of the replicates
      ranged from 0.3 to 4.5%, with an average of 2.1%. Adulteration of products with
      sodium benzoate-fortified pulpwash or grapefruit juice can be detected by this
      method. Pattern recognition analysis of the data obtained for 80 authentic and 19
      adulterated orange juices showed that the method is potentially useful for
      distinguishing between authentic and adulterated products.

PMID- 3391941
TI  - Determination of dimetridazole and ipronidazole in feeds at cross-contamination
      levels.
AB  - A rapid method for the determination of dimetridazole and ipronidazole in feeds
      is described. The compounds are extracted from a borate buffer (pH 8.65) with
      benzene, partitioned into 1N HCl, and then partitioned back into benzene from a
      basic aqueous phase. The benzene extract is concentrated and injected onto a
      nonpolar (Apiezon L) gas chromatographic column for determination by 63Ni
      electron-capture detection. Recoveries from feeds of various composition, spiked
      at 0.2 ppm with both dimetridazole and ipronidazole, ranged from 70 to 115%; for
      the same feeds spiked at 1 ppm or more, the recoveries were greater than 80%.
      Carbadox, furazolidone, levamisole, oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline,
      sulfamethazine, sulfaquinoxaline, arsanilic acid, piperazine, penicillin, and
      commonly added vitamins and minerals do not interfere. A 2-dimensional thin layer
      chromatographic system is presented as a means of additional identification.

PMID- 3391943
TI  - High-speed liquid chromatographic determination of monensin, narasin, and
      salinomycin in feeds, using post-column derivatization.
AB  - A high-speed liquid chromatographic (LC) method using post-column derivatization
      is described for the determination of monensin, narasin, and salinomycin in a
      variety of animal feeds. The ionophores are extracted with hexane-ethyl acetate
      (90 + 10). A portion of the sample is evaporated, diluted to a known volume, and
      analyzed using a 6 cm 3 microns C18 column and an absorbance detector after post
      column reaction with vanillin. The method has been applied to poultry and swine
      feeds with levels of 3-100 ppm added antibiotic. A comparison was also carried
      out with medicated poultry feed and beef feed lot supplement samples previously
      analyzed by 2 separate bioassay methods for monensin and salinomycin,
      respectively. Recoveries for the LC method ranged from 92.1 to 103% with an
      average recovery of 98.1% and a coefficient of variation of 3.65%.

PMID- 3391942
TI  - Liquid chromatographic determination of tetracycline residues in animal feeds.
AB  - A liquid chromatographic method for the multiresidue determination of
      tetracyclines (TCs) in feeds is described. The levels of quantitation were 10 ppm
      each for tetracycline-HCl (TC), oxytetracycline (OTC), and chlortetracycline-HCl
      (CTC); the detection limit was 40 ppb for each. The calibration curves were
      linear between 2.5 and 100 ppm. The procedure involved double extraction with pH
      2.0 and pH 4.5 McIlvain buffers, cleanup on a Sephadex LH-20 column, separation
      on a Nova-Pak C18 column, and detection at 370 nm. Recoveries of 10 micrograms/g
      of each TC in multiresidue feed samples ranged from 55.8 to 75.5% for OTC, 71.6
      to 100% for TC, and 22.4 to 60.6% for CTC. The identities of the TCs were
      confirmed by thin layer chromatography.

PMID- 3391944
TI  - Liquid chromatographic determination of carbadox in complete feeds, premixes, and
      concentrates: interlaboratory study.
AB  - A liquid chromatographic (LC) method previously published for the determination
      of carbadox in finished feeds and premixes was slightly modified and tested in an
      interlaboratory study. The feed samples are extracted with methanol-acetonitrile
      (50 + 50) after wetting with water. The extracts are purified over a short
      alumina column. An aliquot of the eluate is analyzed with reverse phase liquid
      chromatography with ultraviolet detection. Before the actual interlaboratory
      study, a prestudy with 2 familiarization feed samples was performed. For the
      interlaboratory study, 2 series of meal and pelleted samples were prepared with
      carbadox from different suppliers. Eight collaborating laboratories received 6
      feed samples previously milled and ground and 4 pelleted samples which had to be
      ground by the collaborator's in-house method. Collaborators also received 3
      carbadox concentrates (about 10% w/w) and 4 premix samples derived from the
      concentrates (about 1% w/w). Coefficients of variation under reproducibility
      conditions were 8.3% for meal samples and 4.9% for pellets. A minor but
      significant effect was noted for the influence of pelleting temperature on the
      carbadox content. A minor and insignificant effect was observed for the influence
      of the milling and grinding procedure on the carbadox content. Alumina cleanup of
      1% premixes was not essential, although the resulting chromatograms were cleaner.
      A slight difference in reproducibility was observed with concentrates (10%) when
      0.2 or 0.5 g sample size was used, although the average carbadox concentration
      found was the same. For premixes and concentrates, coefficients of variation
      under reproducibility conditions were low, ranging from 2.9 to 7.5%.

PMID- 3391945
TI  - Interferences in radioimmunoassay of aflatoxins in food and fodder samples of
      plant origin.
AB  - Cross-reactions and resulting nonspecific binding of substances with structures
      resembling aflatoxins (derivatives of coumarin, and cinnamonic and benzoic acids,
      etc.) were investigated. The concentrations of these substances causing
      erroneously high or false positive values in radioimmunoassay were determined.
      One microgram aflatoxin B1/kg sample may be simulated by the occurrence of 5 g
      coumarin, 10 g caffeic acid, 16 g chlorogenic acid, or 15 g vanillin/kg fodder or
      food sample.

PMID- 3391946
TI  - Gas chromatographic screening method for T-2 toxin, diacetoxyscirpenol,
      deoxynivalenol, and related trichothecenes in feeds.
AB  - A gas chromatographic method for screening trichothecene mycotoxins in feeds is
      described. Feed is extracted with acetonitrile-water, and the toxins are purified
      with charcoal-alumina-Celite, Florisil, and silica mini-columns. Deoxynivalenol
      (DON), nivalenol (NIV), diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS), T-2 toxin, and their fungal
      metabolites are hydrolyzed to their corresponding parent alcohols (DON, NIV,
      scirpentriol, or T-2 tetraol) by alkaline hydrolysis. After derivatization to
      their pentafluoropropionyl analogs, they are quantitated by capillary gas
      chromatography with electron capture detection. Identity can be confirmed and
      sensitivity can be increased by using negative chemical ionization mass
      spectrometry with no additional sample workup. Recoveries of DAS, DON, and T-2
      toxin averaged, respectively, 80, 65, and 85% in corn; 84, 65, and 88% in
      soybeans; and 70, 57, and 96% in mixed feeds at concentrations ranging from 0.1
      to 2.0 ppm. Recoveries of 15-monoacetoxyscirpenol (MAS), HT-2, NIV, and T-2
      tetraol were 97, 97, 86, and 56%, respectively, in corn at a concentration of
      0.25 ppm: A detection limit of 0.02 ppm in corn, soybeans, and mixed feeds, and
      0.05 ppm in silages is estimated.

PMID- 3391947
TI  - Gas chromatographic determination of monoethylene glycol and diethylene glycol in
      chocolate packaged in regenerated cellulose film.
AB  - A method for the quantitative determination of monoethylene glycol (MEG) and
      diethylene glycol (DEG) in chocolate is described. The procedure involves
      dissolving the chocolate in hot water, defatting with hexane, removing sugars by
      precipitation, and analyzing as trimethylsilyl (TMS) ether derivatives by
      capillary gas chromatography. The use of butan-1,4-diol as an internal standard
      corrects for recovery, which is between 50 and 60%, to give a relative standard
      deviation of 10-11% for the determination of both glycols at the level of 50
      mg/kg. The presence of MEG and DEG in chocolate is confirmed by full scanning gas
      chromatography/mass spectrometry of the TMS derivatives.

PMID- 3391948
TI  - Liquid chromatographic determination of L-ascorbic acid in candies and soft
      drinks.
AB  - The L-ascorbic acid (AsA) contents of candies and soft drinks available in the
      market were determined by liquid chromatography (LC). Samples are cleaned up on a
      disposable Sep-Pak C18 cartridge followed by reverse phase separation on an ODS
      column using a mobile phase of 0.1% phosphoric acid (pH 2.2). The AsA peak is
      detected on the basis of the UV absorption at 254 nm. The detection limit was 1
      microgram/mL final concentration. Recoveries of AsA added at levels of 1-10 mg/g
      candy and 1-10 mg/10 mL soft drink were 99.2-101.7% with a coefficient of
      variation of 0.52-1.20% (n = 5). The present method allows rapid and accurate
      assays because it is a simple procedure compared with the official dye-titration
      method, and it is suitable for the routine analysis of AsA in selected candies
      and soft drinks.

PMID- 3391950
TI  - Rapid gas chromatographic method for determining ethyl carbamate in alcoholic
      beverages with thermal energy analyzer detection.
AB  - A rapid column elution method has been developed for the determination of ethyl
      carbamate (EC) in alcoholic beverages. The beverage is mixed with Celite and
      packed in a column containing deactivated alumina capped with a layer of sodium
      sulfate. EC is then eluted with methylene chloride. The method, using a gas
      chromatograph-thermal energy analyzer with a nitrogen converter for detection and
      quantitation of EC, has been applied to a variety of alcoholic beverages.
      Recoveries +/- standard deviations of EC in wine and whisky fortified at the 20
      and 133 micrograms/kg (ppb) levels averaged 87.3 +/- 5.3 and 88.7 +/- 3.6%,
      respectively. The method has a limit of detection of 1.5 ppb. Gas
      chromatography/mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry was used to confirm the
      identity and quantitation of EC in selected beverage extracts.

PMID- 3391949
TI  - Comparison of three methods for determination of N-nitrosopyrrolidine in fried
      dry-cured and pump-cured bacon.
AB  - Three methods, the mineral oil distillation (MOD), the dry column (DC), and a low
      temperature vacuum distillation (LTVD), for the determination of N
      nitrosopyrrolidine in dry-cured and pump-cured bacon were compared. Each method
      uses the thermal energy analyzer for the determinative step. The coefficients of
      variation for repeatability were 10.3% (MOD), 7.2% (DC), and 9.1% (LTVD) for the
      dry-cured bacon study and 8.7% (MOD), 8.5% (DC), and 7.1% (LTVD) for the pump
      cured bacon study. The pooled coefficients of variation for between-method
      reproducibility were 11.8% for the dry-cured bacon and 10.8% for the pump-cured
      bacon. The pooled coefficients of variation for repeatability were 9.0% for the
      dry-cured bacon and 8.2% for the pump-cured bacon. These values compare favorably
      with the values from previous collaborative or validation studies of the
      individual methods, and the methods can be considered to be equivalent.

PMID- 3391951
TI  - Liquid chromatographic determination of scopoletin in hydroalcoholic extract of
      oak wood and in matured distilled alcoholic beverages.
AB  - A liquid chromatographic (LC) method is described for determination of the
      coumarins esculin, umbelliferone, scopoletin, and 4-methyl umbelliferone in
      hydroalcoholic extracts of oak wood and in matured distilled alcoholic beverages.
      Samples were injected directly into the LC column (30 cm, 5 micron C18) and
      detected by fluorescence detector. Under these experimental conditions, only
      scopoletin (detection limit, 200 pg) was found in hydroalcoholic oak wood
      extracts and in spirits matured in oak wood. Applications of this method to
      spirits distilled from wine, grain, and sugar cane aged in oak barrels showed
      that amounts varied from 0.026 to 1.57 ppm.

PMID- 3391952
TI  - Determination of reserpine and hydrochlorothiazide in commercial tablets by
      liquid chromatography with fluorescence and UV absorption detectors in series.
AB  - A procedure is presented for the determination of reserpine and
      hydrochlorothiazide in commercial tablets by liquid chromatography (LC).
      Reference and sample solutions are prepared in methanol. For LC, a normal phase
      column is used, methanol is the eluting solvent, and 2 detectors are arranged in
      series. A fluorescence detector set at an excitation wavelength of 280 nm and
      emission wavelength of 360 nm quantitates reserpine, and a UV absorption detector
      set at 345 nm determines hydrochlorothiazide. Several synthetic mixtures
      containing the 2 ingredients in the amounts approximately present in commercial
      tablets were analyzed by the proposed method. Two samples of commercial tablets
      were also analyzed; for each sample, 5 determinations were made on a ground
      composite of 20 tablets; 10 individual tablets were also analyzed. For
      comparison, some of the solutions were analyzed for each ingredient by an
      alternative procedure.

PMID- 3391953
TI  - Liquid chromatographic determination of cimetidine in whole blood and plasma by
      using short polymeric reverse phase column.
AB  - A rapid and simple reverse phase liquid chromatographic method for the separation
      and quantitation of the H2-receptor antagonist drug cimetidine in human whole
      blood and plasma is described. The method involves a single step organic
      extraction of the drug from alkalinized biological samples followed by a salting
      out of the organic solvent by an appropriate salt. A short column packed with
      polymeric reverse phase particles was used with an isocratic elution of 20mM
      potassium phosphate (pH = 9.5) and acetonitrile (87.5 + 12.5). The cimetidine was
      monitored at 210 nm and 0.10-0.005 absorbance unit full scale (AUFS). The
      relative standard deviation (%) for analysis was reproducible within 1 day and
      that for day-to-day analysis was 5 (n = 8) or lower.

PMID- 3391955
TI  - Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic method for determination of
      phenylbutazone and oxyphenbutazone in tablets.
AB  - A simple, specific, and rapid 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic method
      for the assay of phenylbutazone and oxyphenbutazone is described. Spectra are
      recorded in CDCI3 containing 1,3-dichloro-5-nitrobenzene as an internal standard.
      The aromatic proton resonances for the standard, at delta 7.7 and 8.2, are well
      separated from those of phenylbutazone and oxyphenbutazone, which are in the
      region of delta 6.5-7.3 ppm. Average percent recoveries of phenylbutazone and
      oxyphenbutazone were 98.9 and 98.6 with standard deviations of 0.6 and 0.7,
      respectively. Commercial formulations were analyzed and the results obtained by
      the proposed method closely agreed with those found by the British Pharmacopoeia
      method.

PMID- 3391954
TI  - Liquid chromatographic determination of carbamazepine in tablets.
AB  - A simple and rapid liquid chromatographic method is described for the qualitative
      and quantitative determination of carbamazepine in tablet composites and
      individual tablets, using the internal standard technique. Analyses were
      performed on a C-18 reverse-phase column with tetrahydrofuran-methanol-water (8 +
      37 + 55) as the mobile phase. A linear relationship was obtained between detector
      responses at 254 nm and amounts of carbamazepine injected ranging from 0.2 to 1.7
      micrograms. The coefficient of variation for 10 consecutive injections of a
      standard preparation was 0.4%. Recoveries of carbamazepine from 100 and 200 mg
      tablets averaged 101.4 and 99.7%, respectively. Assay results for commercial
      tablets analyzed by the proposed method agreed favorably with those obtained by
      the method of USP XXI. The assay results for individual tablets indicated that
      deviations from the average value and the range of individual values are much
      wider with the compendial method than with the proposed method.

PMID- 3391956
TI  - Resolution and analysis of enantiomers of amphetamines by liquid chromatography
      on a chiral stationary phase: collaborative study.
AB  - A rapid, accurate method for separating and determining the enantiomeric
      composition of amphetamine bulk drug and commercial preparations was developed
      and subjected to collaborative study. Amide derivatives of the amphetamine
      enantiomers are formed by using achiral 2-naphthoyl chloride. The resulting
      enantiomeric amides are then chromatographed on a commercially available chiral
      stationary phase with hexane-isopropyl alcohol-acetonitrile (97 + 3 + 0.5) mobile
      phase, with detection at 254 nm. Seven collaborators received bulk drug and
      commercial samples of amphetamine. The collaborators and authors determined the
      mean percent l- and d-amphetamine from 2 injections of each sample. The method
      can detect the presence of as little as 0.5% of the l-enantiomer in d
      amphetamine, with reproducibility between laboratories of +/- 71.3%. The method
      has been adopted official first action for determination of the enantiomeric
      composition of amphetamine bulk drug and preparations.

PMID- 3391957
TI  - Reverse-phase liquid chromatographic determination of dexamethasone acetate and
      cortisone acetate in bulk drug substance and dosage forms: collaborative study.
AB  - A reverse-phase liquid chromatographic method for determination of dexamethasone
      acetate and of cortisone acetate was subjected to an interlaboratory study by 8
      collaborators for each steroid acetate. Bulk drug substance, suspensions, and
      tablets were assayed. Bulk drug or dosage form is dissolved in an acetonitrile
      buffer mixture and analyzed by an external standard method. The steroid acetate
      is resolved from extraneous components by reverse-phase chromatography and
      detected at 254 nm. The sample solutions are stable for at least 72 h. For
      dexamethasone acetate, coefficients of variation were 0.9 and less than or equal
      to 3.1% for the bulk drug substance and the suspensions, respectively. For
      cortisone acetate, coefficients of variation were 0.7% for bulk material, less
      than or equal to 2.0% for suspensions, and less than or equal to 2.5% for
      tablets. All dosage forms were commercial formulations. The 2 methods have been
      adopted official first action.

PMID- 3391958
TI  - Combined extraction-cleanup column chromatographic procedure for determination of
      dicofol in avian eggs.
AB  - Dicofol in avian eggs was completely oxidized to dichlorobenzophenone (DCBP) when
      a hexane Soxhlet extraction procedure was used. This degradation did not occur
      with other avian tissues (muscle and liver). For this reason, a combined
      extraction-cleanup column chromatographic procedure, without added heat, was
      developed for the determination of dicofol in avian eggs. Homogenized subsamples
      of eggs were mixed with sodium sulfate, and the mixture was added as the top
      layer on a column prepacked with Florisil. The dicofol and other compounds of
      interest were then eluted with ethyl ether-hexane. The extracts, relatively free
      from lipids, were quantitated on a gas chromatograph equipped with a 63Ni
      electron-capture detector and a methyl silicone capillary column. Recoveries from
      chicken eggs, fortified with dicofol and other DDT-related compounds, averaged
      96%. Analysis of eggs of eastern screech-owls, fed a meat diet containing 10 ppm
      technical Kelthane, showed that both dicofol and DCBP were present. Results were
      confirmed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. This method is rapid and
      reliable, involves a minimum of sample handling, and is well suited for high
      volume determination of dicofol in eggs and other avian tissues.

PMID- 3391959
TI  - Simplified multiresidue method for liquid chromatographic determination of N
      methyl carbamate insecticides in fruits and vegetables.
AB  - A simplified method is described for determining 7 N-methyl carbamates (aldicarb,
      carbaryl, carbofuran, methiocarb, methomyl, oxamyl, and propoxur) and 3 related
      metabolites (aldicarb sulfoxide, aldicarb sulfone, and 3-hydroxy carbofuran) in
      fruits and vegetables. Residues are extracted from crops with methanol;
      coextractives are then separated by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) or GPC
      with on-line Nuchar-Celite cleanup for crops with high chlorophyll and/or
      carotene content (e.g., cabbage and broccoli). Carbamates are separated on a
      reverse-phase liquid chromatography column, using a methanol-water gradient
      mobile phase. Separation is followed by postcolumn hydrolysis to yield
      methylamine, and the formation of a fluorophore with o-phthalaldehyde and 2
      mercaptoethanol prior to fluorescence detection. Recovery data were obtained by
      fortifying 5 different crops (apples, broccoli, cabbages, cauliflower, and
      potatoes) at 0.05 and 0.5 ppm. Recoveries averaged 93% at both fortification
      levels except for the very polar aldicarb sulfoxide for which recoveries averaged
      around 52% at both levels. The coefficient of variation of the method at both
      levels is less than 5% and the limit of detection, defined at 5 times baseline
      noise, varies between 5 and 10 ppb, depending on the compound.

PMID- 3391960
TI  - Characterization of benzyl isothiocyanate and phenyl acetonitrile from papayas by
      mass spectrometry.
AB  - Two unidentified analytical responses in a papaya extract were structurally
      determined by mass spectrometry to be benzyl isothiocyanate and phenyl
      acetonitrile. Both these compounds have previously been shown to result from
      degradation of benzylglucosinolate that occurs naturally in the seeds of the
      fruit. Characterization by mass spectrometry has now provided a convenient
      mechanism to detect both these degradation compounds in extracts resulting from
      routine pesticide residue analysis.

PMID- 3391961
TI  - Spectrophotometric method for determination of phosphine residues in cashew
      kernels.
AB  - A spectrophotometric method reported for determination of phosphine (PH3)
      residues in wheat has been extended for determination of these residues in cashew
      kernels. Unlike the spectrum for wheat, the spectrum of PH3 residue-AgNO3
      chromophore from cashew kernels does not show an absorption maximum at 400 nm;
      nevertheless, reading the absorbance at 400 nm afforded good recoveries of 90
      98%. No interference occurred from crop materials, and crop controls showed low
      absorbance; the method can be applied for determinations as low as 0.01 ppm PH3
      residue in cashew kernels.

PMID- 3391962
TI  - Determination of formaldehyde and other aldehydes in industrial surfactants by
      liquid chromatographic separation of their respective 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone
      derivatives.
AB  - A rapid and simple method for the determination of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde,
      and propionaldehyde in surfactants by derivatization with 2,4
      dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) has been developed. Samples are prepared in small
      vials containing a solution of DNPH and acetonitrile. This procedure allows
      direct injection of an aliquot of the sample into a liquid chromatograph (LC) for
      analysis. Separation and quantitation of the derivatives can be performed using
      reverse-phase liquid chromatography. Detection limits for formaldehyde,
      acetaldehyde, and propionaldehyde are 0.1, 0.1, and 0.5 micrograms/g,
      respectively, for a 1 g sample of the surfactant. The technique has been applied
      to other ethoxylated and propoxylated polymeric materials with equal success.

PMID- 3391963
TI  - Liquid chromatographic determination of some amines and their amino acid
      precursors in protein foods.
AB  - A quantitative assay has been developed for putrescine, cadaverine, histamine,
      and several free amino acids--lysine, arginine, and histidine--as a measure of
      decomposition. The free amines and amino acids are extracted from tissue with
      methanol. Aliquots of the extracts are passed through ion-exchange columns which
      are pH-adjusted to retain the cited compounds. After the respective columns are
      washed, the amino acids and amines are eluted, dansylated, and chromatographed on
      a suitably prepared LC instrument. The chromatographic responses for the amino
      acids and amines are compared with their respective standards to determine their
      concentrations. Validation of the methodology includes standard addition and
      calibration experiments.

PMID- 3391964
TI  - Comparison of values derived from selected flours by fat acidity methods of the
      American Association of Cereal Chemists and the International Organization for
      Standardization.
AB  - Fat acidity values were determined on 8 commercially available flours by the
      American Association of Cereal Chemists method (AACC-02-01A) and by the
      International Organization for Standardization method (ISO-7305). Comparisons of
      means obtained by these 2 methods indicated that the ISO method produced results
      that were 1.4-2.5 times greater (P less than 0.001) than those for the AACC
      method. These data are consistent with a previous report which indicated that
      acidic materials (phosphates and amino acids) other than fatty acids are
      extracted by 95% alcohol (ISO method), whereas fatty acids alone are extracted by
      petroleum ether (AACC method). Fat acidity values obtained by AACC methodology
      employing Soxhlet and continuous extraction were also compared. No difference in
      fat acidity means existed with respect to extraction technique except for an aged
      whole wheat flour sample which produced a higher value (P = 0.05) by continuous
      extraction.

PMID- 3391965
TI  - Determination of moisture in Cheddar cheese by near infrared reflectance
      spectroscopy.
AB  - Near infrared reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy was used to determine the moisture
      content of Cheddar cheese. Through multiple linear regression analysis, a 3
      wavelength calibration was developed for use with a commercial filter
      monochromator instrument. For a validation set of 47 samples, the correlation
      coefficient squared (r2) between the NIR and oven moisture methods was 0.92, with
      a standard error of performance (SEP) of 0.38%. Sample temperature was found to
      significantly affect the spectral response; therefore, it was necessary to
      equilibrate all samples to a uniform temperature prior to NIR analysis. Aging may
      also affect the NIR characteristics of cheese, although it was possible to
      develop a successful calibration that encompassed a wide range of aging times.

PMID- 3391966
TI  - Continuous interlaboratory test program for monitoring the quality of analytical
      results in butter.
AB  - For almost 25 years, the central government laboratory of The Netherlands has
      administered a continuous program for the quality control of dairy products. The
      analytical work is conducted by private laboratories but monitored by the
      government laboratory. The design and results obtained by this program are
      illustrated by the determination of water and milk solids-not-fat contents in
      butter, using data collected monthly over a period of 19 years. Under this strict
      system of control, the within-laboratory reproducibility (i.e., over an extended
      period) is almost equal to the between-laboratory reproducibility. Most of this
      within-laboratory variation is from month to month, indicating that in this case
      the time variability dominates the between-laboratory variability.

PMID- 3391967
TI  - Tissue fluoroacetate residues in prairie dogs dosed with low-level sodium
      monofluoroacetate.
AB  - A total of 83 black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) from South Dakota
      were subjected to low-level treatment with sodium monofluoroacetate (Compound
      1080) in the laboratory (0.01-0.30 mg 1080/kg). The acute oral median lethal dose
      (LD50) of 1080 administered by oral gavage was established at 0.173 mg/kg. To
      assay fluoroacetate residues, 8 kinds of tissue from each of 10 prairie dogs dead
      of low-level 1080 poisoning were analyzed by capillary gas chromatography-mass
      spectrometry. Of the total of 79 tissues analyzed, 73 contained less than 100 ppb
      fluoroacetate, and 67 contained less than 50 ppb fluoroacetate. To test the
      effect of secondary poisoning on non-target species, 8 European ferrets (Mustela
      furo) were fed ground whole carcasses of prairie dogs dead of low-level 1080
      poisoning, with no observable ill effects on the ferrets.

PMID- 3391968
TI  - Comparison of APHA and elevated temperature enrichment methods for recovery of
      Vibrio cholerae from oysters: collaborative study.
AB  - Two methods (the American Public Health Association (APHA) method and the
      elevated temperature method) for recovery of Vibrio cholerae from oysters were
      compared in a collaborative study. Oysters were inoculated with high (about 150
      cells/g) and low (about 20 cells/g) levels of V. cholerae. The elevated
      temperature method gave a significantly higher (P less than 0.05) recovery rate
      and showed greater specificity (P less than 0.01), as determined by the
      confirmation rate of suspect colonies. The elevated temperature method required
      only 25% of the labor and materials necessary for the APHA method. The elevated
      temperature method has been adopted official first action.

PMID- 3391969
TI  - Determination of sulfur amino acids and tryptophan in foods and food and feed
      ingredients: collaborative study.
AB  - Samples of 4 foods, 1 animal feed, isolated soy protein, and beta-lactoglobulin
      were analyzed by 9 laboratories to determine concentrations of cysteine as
      cysteic acid, methionine as methionine sulfone, and tryptophan. Sulfur amino
      acids were determined by AOAC method 43.A08-43.A13 for food and feed ingredients,
      in which samples are oxidized with performic acid before protein hydrolysis with
      6N HCl. Tryptophan was determined after protein hydrolysis with 4.2N NaOH. In
      both methods, free amino acids were separated by ion-exchange or reverse-phase
      chromatography. Each laboratory was provided with detailed methods and with
      sealed vials containing solutions of standards. Samples were analyzed in
      duplicate, and variation between laboratories was determined. Coefficients of
      variation between laboratories for the 6 samples ranged from 5.50 to 11.8% for
      methionine as methionine sulfoxide, 8.59 to 17.3% for cysteine as cysteic acid,
      and 3.87 to 16.1% for tryptophan. Amino acid recoveries were determined by
      analysis of beta-lactoglobulin and were based on expected levels of each amino
      acid obtained from amino acid sequence data. The mean recovery of cysteine was
      97% with a range of 88-119%. For methionine, mean recovery was 98% (range 89
      115%) and for tryptophan, 85% (range 59-102%). Method 43.A08-43.A13 for food and
      feed ingredients has been adopted official first action for determination of
      cysteine and methionine in processed foods. The alkaline hydrolysis method has
      been adopted official first action for determination of tryptophan in foods and
      food and feed ingredients.

PMID- 3391970
TI  - Survey of vitamin content of fortified milk.
AB  - This paper summarizes work done by 4 different laboratories on the vitamin
      content of milk. Riboflavin, vitamin A, and vitamin D were assayed in whole, 2%,
      and skim milks that had been fortified. In general, the adherence to label claim
      decreased with decreasing fat content. This may be due to methods and stage of
      vitamin addition prior to processing.

PMID- 3391972
TI  - Liquid chromatographic method for analysis of elemental sulfur in pesticide
      formulations.
AB  - A nonaqueous reverse-phase liquid chromatographic (LC) method has been developed
      to determine elemental sulfur in pesticide formulations. Samples were extracted
      in 50 mL of stabilized tetrahydrofuran (THF) by gentle swirling while sonicating
      for 1 min. A 5 microL aliquot was injected into the LC instrument equipped with a
      Vydac 218 TP 54 column. The mobile phase was methanol-acetonitrile-stabilized
      tetrahydrofuran (58.5 + 40 + 1.5). Sulfur was monitored at 280 nm. Retention time
      was approximately 5 min with total analysis time of 7 min. For 6 different
      products analyzed 12 times each, the coefficients of variations were all less
      than 3.5%. Purity of each sulfur peak was checked by using a photodiode array
      detector in the spectrum and absorbance ratio modes. No impurities were observed
      at the monitoring wavelength.

PMID- 3391971
TI  - Enantiomer resolution and assay of propionic acid-derived herbicides in
      formulations by using chiral liquid chromatography and achiral gas
      chromatography.
AB  - Enantiomers of 6 propionic acid-derived herbicides in the form of their esters
      were resolved using liquid chromatography with a chiral column. Free acids are
      converted to methyl esters by means of a BF3-catalyzed reaction. Chromatographic
      resolutions for 6 of 8 herbicides investigated were in the range of 2 to 4. The
      method was applied for the simultaneous determination of mecoprop and 2,4-D
      content and individual mecoprop enantiomers in 2 formulations containing racemic
      and R-mecoprop in mixture with 2,4-D. Precision and accuracy of content
      determination was comparable to standard methods, and enantiomer contents were in
      good agreement with declared values. The enantiomers of dichlorprop and mecoprop
      were also resolved as diastereomeric menthyl esters by achiral high resolution
      gas chromatography (HRGC). HRGC data on enantiomer composition were in good
      agreement with those from the LC method and other data.

PMID- 3391973
TI  - Performance characteristics of methods of analysis used for regulatory purposes.
      I. Drug dosage forms. F. Gravimetric and titrimetric methods.
AB  - The original gravimetric and titrimetric methods approved by AOAC for the
      analysis of pharmaceutical preparations, particularly during the period 1915
      1950, show precision, recovery, and outlier parameters approximately the same as
      those exhibited by the previously reviewed instrumental methods that are
      currently used. Fifty-nine published collaborative studies utilized gravimetric
      methods and 85 used titrimetric. The studies of the gravimetric methods
      encompassed 47 analytes, 95 dosage forms, and 136 assays; the corresponding
      figures for the titrimetric studies are 72, 112, and 152. An average of
      approximately 7 laboratories participated per study. The line of best fit of the
      relative standard deviation between-laboratories (RSDR) plotted against the
      negative logarithm of the fractional concentration, C, extends from 1.2 and 1.0%
      for the gravimetric and titrimetric methods, respectively, at 100% concentration
      to 2.2 and 2.8% at 1.0% concentration. Below this concentration the precision of
      the titrimetric methods degenerates faster than that of the gravimetric methods.
      Above about 0.1% concentration the gravimetric and titrimetric methods are
      somewhat more precise than the instrumental methods in current use for drug
      analysis. The difference, however, is not statistically significant and the
      general equation, RSDR = 2 exp(1-0.5 log C), is also applicable to gravimetric
      and titrimetric methods above a concentration level of about C = 0.001 (0.1%).

PMID- 3391975
TI  - Forensic photography--slide or print film?

PMID- 3391976
TI  - Lord mounts for vibration problems.

PMID- 3391974
TI  - Rapid monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection
      of Listeria in food products.
AB  - A rapid diagnostic test for the detection of Listeria in food products has been
      created. This test, known as Listeria-Tek, uses 2 monoclonal antibodies specific
      for Listeria in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) format. The test
      requires only 40 h of broth enrichment with no culturing on solid media. It is
      extremely simple to perform and easy to interpret, and is at least as sensitive
      and accurate as the best of the culture methods. The test can be used with dairy
      products, meat products, and environmental samples. The ELISA test is safely
      performed on the open bench of the laboratory because no live cultures, no
      radioactivity, no phage, etc., are necessary. There is no need for special
      licenses or reserved laboratory space, and no waste disposal problems are
      encountered. If necessary, one technician could easily perform hundreds of assays
      per day. A printed data sheet is available for permanent records.

PMID- 3391977
TI  - Photomicrography: a translation into the vernacular. Part III--The photographic
      system.

PMID- 3391978
TI  - The public service announcement as a marketing tool for non-profit institutions.

PMID- 3391980
TI  - Postpartum panic disorder.
AB  - The literature on postpartum psychiatric disorders is limited to descriptions of
      depressive and/or psychotic syndromes. The authors describe three cases of panic
      disorder presenting for the first time in the early postpartum period. Clinicians
      should differentiate between postpartum panic disorder and the well-recognized
      presentation of postpartum depression.

PMID- 3391979
TI  - Clozapine-induced agranulocytosis: non-cross-reactivity with other psychotropic
      drugs.
AB  - Clozapine, an atypical neuroleptic with unique clinical and preclinical
      properties, represents a potentially valuable addition to the psychopharmacopeia.
      Its development and use have been limited by its higher frequency, compared with
      other pharmacologic treatments, of the potentially fatal side effect of
      agranulocytosis. This article describes the natural history of five cases of
      agranulocytosis that occurred in the course of clozapine treatment. The cases
      were generally uniform as to onset, recovery, and hematologic features. No
      patient had hematologic reactions to treatment with psychotropic agents before or
      after clozapine treatment. These findings, along with other work in progress,
      suggest that clozapine's granulocytoxic effects are produced by a highly specific
      immune-mediated mechanism.

PMID- 3391981
TI  - Arterial hypertension and multiple cerebral aneurysms in a patient treated with
      electroconvulsive therapy.
AB  - The authors successfully instituted two courses of ECT at a 1-year interval for
      drug-resistant major depression in a patient with arterial hypertension and
      intracranial aneurysms. Both ECT courses required arterial and central venous
      cannulas, but the first course was complicated by an unusual and excessive degree
      of hypertension, which was not appropriately responsive to high doses of sodium
      nitroprusside (9 micrograms/kg/minute). Appropriate responsiveness to
      nitroprusside was established after therapy with timolol. The combination of
      sodium nitroprusside and timolol proved effective throughout the second course of
      ECT.

PMID- 3391982
TI  - Treatment of mania with dextroamphetamine.

PMID- 3391983
TI  - Neuroleptic malignant syndrome, bromocriptine, and anticholinergic drugs.

PMID- 3391984
TI  - Hemochromatosis with episodic confusion.

PMID- 3391985
TI  - Developmental milestones: the journal at five years.

PMID- 3391986
TI  - Benefit of a 37 degree C extracorporeal circuit in plasma exchange therapy for
      selected cases with cold agglutinin disease.
AB  - Plasmapheresis is commonly advocated in cold agglutinin disease with life
      threatening hemolysis. Some clinicians, however, are reluctant to use this
      therapy because of perceived technical problems and risks attendant with the
      temperature of the extracorporeal circulation. In this study we report our
      experience of two patients with severe life-threatening hemolysis and in whom
      plasma exchange was not feasible due to red blood cell autoagglutination in the
      extracorporeal circuit. A method is described involving the use of blood warmers
      and the Fenwal CS-3000 blood cell separator with its 37 degrees C centrifuge
      compartment. The use of plasma exchange in this manner is a safe and beneficial
      form of adjunctive therapy and should be considered for patients with cold
      agglutinin disease at risk for extracorporeal agglutination or hemolysis.

PMID- 3391987
TI  - Antibody-mediated peripheral neuropathies associated with ARC and AIDS:
      successful treatment with plasmapheresis.
AB  - Peripheral neuropathy is increasingly recognized in patients with AIDS as well as
      AIDS-related complex (ARC). Thirty homosexual men with polyneuropathy were
      evaluated in this study. Twenty-one had ARC and nine had AIDS. We observed three
      distinct clinical syndromes: distal sensorimotor polyneuropathy, chronic
      inflammatory demyelinating polyrediculoneuropathy (CIDP), and mononeuropathy
      multiplex. Circulating antibodies to peripheral nerve tissues were found in all
      patients. In six patients, treatment with plasma exchange was undertaken because
      of severe, progressive weakness. Four patients with clinical, electrophysiologic,
      and histologic evidence of CIDP improved with plasma exchange, three regaining
      normal function. These results suggest that the peripheral neuropathy associated
      with ARC and AIDS is immunologically mediated and that plasma exchange is an
      effective treatment in a subgroup of patients with this disorder.

PMID- 3391988
TI  - Predictive value of clinical, laboratory, pathologic, and treatment variables in
      steroid/immunosuppressive resistant lupus nephritis.
AB  - Twenty-seven patients with lupus nephritis and nephrotic syndrome had persistent
      disease activity despite an adequate trial of corticosteroids and
      immunosuppressive drugs; 30% were Asians, compared with 7% of our overall SLE
      population. Two years later, seven had a very good outcome and seven a poor
      outcome. Thirty clinical, pathological, laboratory, and treatment variables were
      analyzed in a good versus poor responder subset comparison in an effort to
      determine which factors were associated with favorable outcome. Administration of
      pulse steroids (P = .069) and a low biopsy chronicity index (P = .048) were
      associated with the good responder subset. Serum creatinine, biopsy class, blood
      pressure, complement, and anti-DNA values at entry as well as the choice of
      immunosuppressive drug were not helpful in predicting outcome. All seven good
      responders were plasmapheresed (P = .026). Patients with refractory lupus
      nephritis who have a low biopsy chronicity index may benefit from the use of
      pulse steroids or plasmapheresis, and controlled studies are suggested.

PMID- 3391989
TI  - Treatment of aspirin overdose.

PMID- 3391990
TI  - Remission of hyper-IgE syndrome treated with plasmapheresis and cytotoxic
      immunosuppression.
AB  - A patient with a hyper-IgE syndrome was treated with 60 plasmaphereses over a
      period of 2 years in conjunction with cytotoxic immunosuppressive drug therapy.
      During this time her severe dermatitis of 8 years' duration became almost
      completely inactive, and her circulating IgE level was reduced by 73%. An
      elevated pretreatment ratio of CD4+/CD8+ T lymphocytes fell to subnormal. The
      beneficial results of treatment may be attributed to the reduction of lymphocyte
      populations responsible for IgE production by the combined action of
      plasmapheresis and of cytotoxic drugs as well as the direct effect of removal of
      circulating IgE and possibly IgE-potentiating factors.

PMID- 3391991
TI  - Effects of steroid hormones on the cytotoxic activity of tumor necrosis factor.
AB  - The effects of steroid hormones on the cytotoxic activity of tumor necrosis
      factor (TNF) were examined. Dexamethasone and hydrocortisone inhibited the
      cytotoxic action of TNF toward murine L929 cells. Aldosterone was less active,
      and androsterone and testosterone had no effect. These results suggested that the
      protective effect was rather specific for glucocorticoids. Moreover, prolonged
      treatment with TNF and glucocorticoids resulted in the enhancement of cell
      growth. These results suggested that the mechanisms of the growth factor activity
      and the cytotoxic action of TNF were distinguishable from each other.

PMID- 3391992
TI  - Age-dependent changes in GM1 and GD1a expression in mouse liver.
AB  - The ganglioside composition in the liver of SWR/J, A/J, and C57BL/10 (B10) mice
      was quantitatively analyzed at the ages of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 16 or 20 weeks by TLC
      densitometric scanning. In all the strains, GM2, GM1, and GD1a were expressed at
      the age of 2 weeks. The contents of GM1 and GD1a in SWR/J, A/J, and B10 were 30,
      10, and 1% at 4 weeks, and had decreased to 20, 5, and 0%, respectively, at 8
      weeks. These results indicate that age-dependent changes in GM1 and GD1a
      expression occur in mouse liver, and that these three strains show different
      phenotypes as to this age-dependent expression.

PMID- 3391993
TI  - Sensitization of amino acid derivatives obtained from Edman degradation with
      radioactively-labeled iodohistamine.
AB  - The minimum amount of proteins and peptides required for sequencing is constantly
      decreasing as more sensitive microsequencing methods are developed. The
      sensitization of and Edman degradation product is one such method. We took the 2
      anilino 5-thiazolinone amino acid intermediates obtained from Edman degradation
      by conventional sequencing procedures, and quantitatively reacted them with a
      primary amine. The amine used was radioactive [125I]iodohistamine, which affords
      highly sensitive detection. The labeled amino acid derivatives were separated by
      thin layer chromatography. Ten femtomoles of a labeled derivative can be detected
      by autoradiography.

PMID- 3391994
TI  - Identification and characterization of Sarcophaga lectin receptor on the surface
      of murine macrophages by use of monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - The structure of Sarcophaga lectin receptor on the surface of murine macrophages
      was analyzed using monoclonal antibodies. This receptor was found by gel
      filtration to have a molecular weight of 460 kDa. SDS-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis showed that this receptor consists of two subunits of 170 kDa and
      110 kDa. The results indicated that it is probably a heterotetramer of two
      molecules of each subunit. Two monoclonal antibodies recognized epitopes in the
      110 kDa subunit, and one of them specifically inhibited the binding of Sarcophaga
      lectin to macrophages and the cytotoxic reaction mediated by this lectin in the
      presence of macrophages. Therefore, it is likely that the 110 kDa protein in the
      receptor plays a role in activation of macrophages by this lectin.

PMID- 3391995
TI  - Primary structure of a base non-specific ribonuclease from Rhizopus niveus.
AB  - The primary structure of a base non-specific ribonuclease from Rhizopus niveus
      (RNase Rh) was determined by nucleotide sequence analysis of the DNA fragment
      encoding RNase Rh gene including signal peptide sequence, and amino acid sequence
      analysis of the peptide obtained from RNase Rh and RNase Rh' (a protease-modified
      RNase Rh created during the course of purification). The sequence determined was:
      MKAVLALATLIGSTLASSCSSTA
      LSCSNSANSDTCCSPEYGLVVLNMQWAPGYGPANAFTLHGLWPDKCSGAYAPSGGCDSN
      RASSSIASVIKSKDSSLYNSMLTYWPSNQGNNNVFWSHEWSKHGTCVSTYDPDCYDNYE
      EGEDIVDYFQKAMDLRSQYNVYKAFSSNGITPGGTYTATEMQSAIESYFGAKAKIDCSSG
      TLSDVALYFYVRGRDTYVITDALSTGSCSGDVEYPTK (the sequence of signal peptide is
      underlined). The sequence indicates that the homology with the sequence of RNase
      T2 from A. oryzae with the same base specificity is about 42% and that the
      sequences around the two histidine residues which are supposed to be involved in
      the active site are fairly conserved.

PMID- 3391996
TI  - Noninvasive quantitative analysis of blood oxygenation in rat skeletal muscle.
AB  - Using the isolated perfused rat hindlimb and the fluorocarbon-transfused rat, we
      have examined the optical characteristics of the rat skeletal muscle in the near
      infrared region. The total contribution of myoglobin and cytochromes to the
      overall absorbance change was less than 10%. Analyzing transmitted light at 700,
      730, and 805 nm, we found linear relationships between the absorbance and the
      hemoglobin concentrations at hematocrit values from 15 to 50% in the inflowing
      perfusate. Based on the relationship, we determined the ratio of absorption
      coefficients at 700, 730, and 805 nm of oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobins of blood in
      the thigh muscle. The values in thigh muscle were significantly smaller than
      those in hemoglobin solutions for deoxygenated blood. On the other hand, the
      values in thigh muscle were larger than those in hemoglobin solutions for
      oxygenated blood. Solving simultaneous equations by the use of these absorption
      coefficients, we calculated the changes in the contents of oxy-, deoxy-, and
      total hemoglobins in the anesthetized rat hindlimb under various conditions. The
      oxygen saturation of blood determined by our optical method in the thigh muscle
      was very close to that in the vena cava measured directly with a gas analyzer.

PMID- 3391997
TI  - Conformational changes in ovalbumin at acid pH.
AB  - Several physicochemical parameters of ovalbumin were examined at acid pH. The
      intrinsic viscosity and far UV-CD spectrum at pH 2 did not differ from those at
      pH 7. But the near UV-CD spectrum, difference absorption spectrum around 250-320
      nm, and fluorescence spectrum showed micro-environmental changes around the
      aromatic amino acid residues in acid solution. The reactivity of one of the four
      sulfhydryl groups with 2,2'-dithiodipyridine increased at pH below 5. The rate of
      denaturation by urea and that of surface tension decay were high in the low pH
      range. We concluded that at low pH (around 2), ovalbumin molecules kept their
      native globular conformation, but that their chain flexibility increased and they
      were very susceptible to denaturation. This state might be equivalent to the
      molten-globule state observed with some globular proteins in acidic region.

PMID- 3391998
TI  - Agonist-induced desensitization of the D-2 dopamine receptor in the intermediate
      lobe of the rat pituitary gland.
AB  - The mechanism of agonist-induced desensitization of the D-2 dopamine receptor in
      the intermediate lobe (IL) of the rat pituitary gland was investigated. Exposure
      of neurointermediate lobe to 60 microM (-)apomorphine (APO) for 60 min altered
      the binding of [125I]-N-(p-aminophenethyl)spiperone (NAPS), a D-2 receptor
      specific ligand. The capacity of the tissue to bind the ligand (Bmax) was not
      significantly altered by the exposure to (-)APO but the affinity for [125I]NAPS
      was decreased 3.6-fold in (-)APO-exposed tissue. The molar potency of YM-09151-2,
      a D-2 receptor-specific antagonist, showed a minimal difference between in
      control and (-)-APO-exposed tissue. However, the molar potency of (-)APO towards
      the D-2 receptor was diminished. The loss of [125I]NAPS binding in (-)APO-exposed
      tissue was reversed by the addition of guanyl nucleotide. These data suggest that
      exposure to agonist causes a persistent occupancy of the high affinity state of
      the receptor. Exposure to (-)APO had no effect on either basal or forskolin
      activated adenylate cyclase activity of the intermediate lobe. However, the
      inhibitory effect of (-)APO upon adenylate cyclase activity of IL homogenates was
      diminished when the tissue was exposed to (-)APO before homogenization.
      Furthermore, the ability of GTP but not 5'-guanylyl imidodiphosphate [Gpp(NH)p]
      to inhibit enzyme activity diminished in the (-)APO-exposed tissue. These data
      suggest that an agonist-induced desensitization of D-2 receptor in rat IL is
      thought to occur by uncoupling the receptor from the inhibitory guanyl nucleotide
      binding protein (Gi) or potentiating the hydrolysis of GTP by Gi.

PMID- 3392000
TI  - Electron microscopic study on the location of 23 kDa and 50 kDa fragments in
      skeletal myosin head.
AB  - The functional activities of myosin head are located in a 95 kilodalton (kDa)
      heavy chain which can be divided into three fragments of 23 kDa, 50 kDa, and 20
      kDa. ATP hydrolysis sites were suggested to be located in the 23 kDa and 50 kDa
      fragments, and actin binding sites were in the 50 kDa and 20 kDa fragments. In
      this study, we obtained electron microscopic images of the myosin molecule bound
      with antibodies directed to the 23 kDa and 50 kDa fragments. We determined that
      the antigenic sites for 23 kDa fragment are located at 140-180 A from the head
      rod junction of myosin, and those for 50 kDa fragment at 160 A from the junction
      and at the tip of the head itself. The relationship between the spatial locations
      and the primary structures is discussed.

PMID- 3391999
TI  - Purification and characterization of lysophospholipase released from rat
      platelets.
AB  - Lysophospholipase released from rat platelets upon activation with thrombin has
      been purified to near homogeneity by sequential column chromatography on heparin
      Sepharose, CM-Sephadex C-50, and TSK gel G2000SW. The final preparation showed a
      single band with a molecular mass of 32,000 daltons in sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by silver staining. The purified
      enzyme was heat-labile and inactivated after 5 min at 60 degrees C. It showed a
      broad pH optimum (pH 6-10) and required a divalent cation, such as Ca2+, for the
      optimal activity. Appreciable activity, however, was observed in the presence of
      EDTA. Lysophospholipase activity was inhibited by diisopropylfluorophosphate and
      dithiothreitol. This enzyme activity was retained by a concanavalin A-Sepharose
      column and eluted with methyl-alpha-D-mannoside. Treatment of lysophospholipase
      with peptide: N-glycosidase F gave degraded products, suggesting that this
      protein contain N-linked carbohydrate chains. The purified enzyme was specific to
      1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine; none of lysophosphatidylcholine,
      lysophosphatidylethanolamine, lysophosphatidylinositol, and 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3
      phospho-D-serine was hydrolyzed appreciably.

PMID- 3392001
TI  - Calcium binding to troponin C. II. A Ca2+ ion titration study with a Ca2+ ion
      sensitive electrode.
AB  - The effects of pH,Mg2+, and ionic strength on Ca2+ binding to rabbit skeletal
      troponin C were studied by using a Ca2+ sensitive electrode. Troponin C has two
      high affinity and two low affinity sites and the Ca2+ affinity of both sites was
      increased by increasing pH in a pH range from pH 5.6 to 10.4. The affinity was
      decreased by increasing ionic strength. The change of the Ca2+ affinity can be
      explained by the electrostatic interaction between Ca2+ and the protein. At
      alkaline pH, the four Ca2+ binding sites bind Ca2+ with the same affinity and the
      distinction between the high and the low affinity sites vanished. This result
      shows that the difference of the Ca2+ affinity is owing to differences of the
      secondary or the tertiary structure of the Ca2+ binding sites, not owing to a
      difference of the primary structures of the Ca2+ binding sites. The two high
      affinity sites bound two Ca2+ ions cooperatively in neutral pH. The cooperativity
      was diminished at both acidic and alkaline pH. Mg2+ ion decreased the affinity of
      the low affinity sites.

PMID- 3392002
TI  - Molecular properties of ornithine decarboxylase from mouse kidney: detailed
      comparison with those of the enzyme from rat liver.
AB  - Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) was purified about 2,000-fold from the kidney of
      androgen-treated mice and its molecular properties were examined and compared
      with those of the enzyme from rat liver. The purified enzyme showed two protein
      staining bands on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, corresponding to Mr of
      about 54,000 and 52,000. The apparent Mr of the enzyme determined by gel
      filtration was 57,000 in the presence of 0.25 M NaCl and 110,000 in its absence.
      The apparent Km value for L-ornithine was about 0.1 mM in the absence of NaCl and
      0.7 mM in the presence of 0.25 M NaCl. Thus, salts appeared to cause subunit
      dissociation and also an increase in the Km value for the substrate. Putrescine
      and D-ornithine acted as inhibitors competing with the substrate. Antizyme from
      the rat liver inhibited the activities of the mouse enzyme and the rat enzyme
      similarly. The mouse and the rat enzymes exhibited a very similar immunological
      cross-reactivity to rabbit antibody raised against the mouse enzyme but, when the
      antibody directed against the rat enzyme was used, the cross-reactivity of the
      rat enzyme was higher than that of the mouse enzyme. Thus, the molecular
      properties of mouse ODC were very similar to those of the rat enzyme.

PMID- 3392003
TI  - Amino acid sequence of the regulatory light chain of clam foot muscle myosin.
AB  - The amino acid sequence of the regulatory light chain of foot muscle myosin from
      surf-clam (Spisula sachalinensis) was determined by conventional methods. It was:
      xS-D-D-K-K-A-K-A-A-T-S-S-V-L-T-K-F-T-Q-N-Q-I-Q-E-M-K-E-A-F-T-M-I-D-Q-N-R -D-G-L-
      I-D-V-S-D-L-K-E-M-Y-S-N-L-G-T-A-P-Q-D-S-V-L-Q-A-M-V-K-E-A-P-Q-M-N-F-T-G- F-L-S-L-
      F-S-E-K-M-S-G-T-D-P-E-E-T-L-R-N-A-F-Q-M-F-D-S-D-N-T-G-Y-I-P-E-E-Y-M-K-D- L- L-E-N
      M-G-D-N-F-S-K-D-E-V-R-Q-T-W-K-E-A-P-I-A-G-G-K-V-D-Y-N-A-F-V-S-K-I- K- G-K-E-Q-D-D
      A. The alpha-amino group of the light chain was blocked, and a typical calcium
      binding structure was recognized at the 33rd to 44th residues, as in other myosin
      regulatory light chains. The sequences of regulatory light chains from various
      muscle myosins were arranged according to the well known four-domain structure,
      and structural homologies were obtained for each of the domains. Based on the
      homologies, the relationships between the structure, function, and molecular
      evolution were discussed.

PMID- 3392004
TI  - Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes are present in matrix vesicles.
AB  - Matrix vesicles were isolated from epiphyseal growth plates of young rabbits.
      Lactate dehydrogenase activity was detected in the isolated matrix vesicles only
      in the presence of detergents, suggesting that NADH, the cofactor for the assay,
      does not penetrate the membrane of matrix vesicles. In contrast, the activity of
      alkaline phosphatase, a marker enzyme of the outer surface of matrix vesicles,
      was detected in the matrix vesicles using p-nitrophenyl phosphate as the
      substrate both in the presence and absence of detergents. Lactate dehydrogenase
      activity was detected only in the cytosol of chondrocytes of the epiphyseal
      growth plates but not in other subcellular fractions, showing that lactate
      dehydrogenase is not from the plasma membrane and membranes of intracellular
      organelles of chondrocytes. The isolated matrix vesicles contained all five
      lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes but did not possess other cytosolic enzymes.
      These results show that lactate dehydrogenase is located in the matrix vesicles
      and suggest the presence of a mechanism for the specific uptake of cytosolic
      lactate dehydrogenase and the possibility of enzymatic quantification of the
      matrix vesicles at various calcification sites.

PMID- 3392005
TI  - Membrane surface pressure can account for differential activities of membrane
      penetrating molecules.
AB  - It is a common observation that cis-unsaturated and branched chain fatty acids,
      which are usually liquid, affect membrane function differently from saturated and
      trans-unsaturated fatty acids, which are usually solid. We also found that the
      former are much more potent than the latter in inhibiting viral hemolytic
      activity. A search for the origin of this difference revealed a correlation
      between inhibition and equilibrium surface pressure (the surface pressure at the
      air/water interface of a solution of the substance in question). Using a simple
      but rigorous thermodynamic analysis, we show that penetration of a lipid bilayer
      is correlated with equilibrium surface pressure of the penetrating molecule. We
      therefore conclude that an important reason for the difference in effects of
      liquid and solid fatty acids on membranes is the greater penetrability of the
      former relative to the latter. We suggest that attributing such effects to
      fluidity changes in the membrane should await demonstration of actual
      intramonolayer residence of the fatty acid in the membrane. The thermodynamic
      analysis is readily generalized and, in the absence of specific interactions
      between penetration and bilayer molecules, provides a convenient method for
      predicting membrane penetration by virtually any type of exogenous molecule.

PMID- 3392006
TI  - Biosynthesis of monoterpenes. Enantioselectivity in the enzymatic cyclization of
      (+)- and (-)-linalyl pyrophosphate to (+)- and (-)-pinene and (+)- and (-)
      camphene.
AB  - Cyclase I from Salvia officinalis leaf catalyzes the conversion of geranyl
      pyrophosphate to the stereo-chemically related bicyclic monoterpenes (+)-alpha
      pinene and (+)-camphene and to lesser quantities of monocyclic and acyclic
      olefins, whereas cyclase II from this plant tissue converts the same acyclic
      precursor to (-)-alpha-pinene, (-)-beta-pinene and (-)-camphene as well as to
      lesser amounts of monocyclics and acyclics. These antipodal cyclizations are
      considered to proceed by the initial isomerization of the substrate to the
      respective bound tertiary allylic intermediates (-)-(3R)- and (+)-(3S)-linalyl
      pyrophosphate. [(3R)-8,9-14C,(3RS)-1E-3H]Linalyl pyrophosphate (3H:14C = 5.14)
      was tested as a substrate with both cyclases to determine the configuration of
      the cyclizing intermediate. This substrate with cyclase I yielded alpha-pinene
      and camphene with 3H:14C ratios of 3.1 and 4.2, respectively, indicating
      preferential, but not exclusive, utilization of the (3R)-enantiomer. With cyclase
      II, the doubly labeled substrate gave bicyclic olefins with 3H:14C ratios of from
      13 to 20, indicating preferential, but not exclusive, utilization of the (3S)
      enantiomer in this case. (3R)- and (3S)-[1Z-3H]linalyl pyrophosphate were
      separately compared to the achiral precursors [1-3H]geranyl pyrophosphate and [1
      3H]neryl pyrophosphate (cis-isomer) as substrates for the cyclizations. With
      cyclase I, geranyl, neryl, and (3R)-linalyl pyrophosphate gave rise exclusively
      to (+)-alpha-pinene and (+)-camphene, whereas (3S)-linayl pyrophosphate produced,
      at relatively low rates, the (-)-isomers. With cyclase II, geranyl, neryl, and
      (3S)-linalyl pyrophosphate yielded exclusively the (-)-isomer series, whereas
      (3R)-linalyl pyrophosphate afforded the (+)-isomers at low rates. These results
      are entirely consistent with the predicted stereochemistries and additionally
      revealed the unusual ability of these enzymes to catalyze antipodal cyclizations
      when presented with the unnatural linalyl enantiomer.

PMID- 3392007
TI  - An unusual cysteine-containing histone H1-like protein and two protamine-like
      proteins are the major nuclear proteins of the sperm of the bivalve mollusc
      Macoma nasuta.
AB  - The sperm-specific protamine-like (PL) components PL-I, PL-II, and PL-III from
      the sperm of the bent-nose clam Macoma nasuta have been isolated and
      characterized for the first time. These proteins coexist in the sperm nuclei with
      a small percentage of a full histone complement. All of them have a very similar
      amino acid composition, following what seems to be the general composition
      prototype for the class Bivalvia (Ausio, J. (1986) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B
      Comp. Biochem. 85, 439-449). Nevertheless, they have different molecular weights
      (PL-I = 23,500, PL-II = 15,600, and PL-III = 7,900) as measured by sedimentation
      equilibrium in the analytical ultracentrifuge. Furthermore, the PL-I component
      shares common features with the proteins of the histone H1 family. Yet, it is
      very unusual, for it contains 2 cysteine residues that are located in the trypsin
      resistant core of this protein. The protamine-like fraction PL-III exhibits
      intraspecific microheterogeneity which is reflected by the presence of two
      protein variants which most probably are the result of an allelic polymorphism.

PMID- 3392008
TI  - Resolution of rat liver 10-formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase/hydrolase
      activities.
AB  - 10-Formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (EC 1.5.1.6) catalyzes the NADP-dependent
      conversion of 10-formyltetrahydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate and CO2. Previous
      studies of 10-formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase purified from rat or pig liver
      homogenized in phosphate buffers indicated the presence of copurifying 10
      formyltetrahydrofolate hydrolase activity, which catalyzes conversion of 10
      formyltetrahydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate and formate. We find that the
      supernatant from rat liver homogenized in mannitol/sucrose/EDTA medium contains
      essentially all of the total cellular 10-formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase
      activity, but no measurable hydrolase activity. Treating mannitol/sucrose/EDTA
      washed mitochondria with Triton X-100 (0.5%) releases hydrolase activity in
      soluble form. 10-Formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase purified from the
      mannitol/sucrose/EDTA supernatant has no 10-formyltetrahydrofolate hydrolase
      activity. Results of kinetic experiments using the hydrolase-free dehydrogenase
      give a complex rate equation with respect to (6R,S)-10-formyltetrahydrofolate.
      Double-reciprocal plots fit a 2/1 hyperbolic function with apparent Km values of
      3.9 and 68 microM. Our results indicate that 10-formyltetrahydrofolate hydrolase
      and dehydrogenase are not alternate catalytic activities of a single protein, but
      represent two closely related and separately compartmentalized hepatic enzymes.

PMID- 3392010
TI  - The ATP-binding site in gamma subunit of phosphorylase kinase.
AB  - To reveal the structure of the ATP-binding site(s) in rabbit muscle phosphorylase
      kinase, we modified the enzyme with adenosine polyphosphopyridoxals. Adenosine
      tri- and tetraphosphopyridoxals at micromolar concentrations effectively
      inactivated the enzyme in a time-dependent manner. Inactivation of the enzyme was
      accelerated by the addition of Ca2+ and Mg2+. Protection from inactivation was
      afforded by adenylyl beta,gamma-imidodiphosphate and ADP. In reversible
      inhibition kinetics, adenosine polyphosphopyridoxals as well as their reduced
      compounds (adenosine polyphosphopyridoxines) competed with ATP. These results
      suggest that adenosine polyphosphopyridoxals bind to the ATP-binding site(s) in
      phosphorylase kinase. When phosphorylase kinase was incubated with adenosine
      triphosphopyridoxal in the presence of Ca2+ and Mg2+, incorporation of the label
      into alpha, beta, and gamma subunits was observed. In the absence of both
      cations, larger amounts of the label were incorporated into all the subunits.
      Structural study on adenosine triphosphopyridoxal-modified sites in the gamma
      subunit (having a catalytic site) revealed that Lys-151 is mainly labeled. Based
      on the results of the present and other studies, it is suggested that the site
      around Lys-151 is involved in recognition of the substrate protein.

PMID- 3392009
TI  - Thermolysin-inhibitor complexes examined by 31P and 113Cd NMR spectroscopy.
AB  - Complexes between phosphoramidon (N-(alpha-rhamnopyranosyloxyhydroxyphosphinyl)-L
      leucyl-L-tryptoph an) and zinc thermolysin and between phosphoramidon or N
      phosphoryl-L-leucineamide and 113Cd-substituted thermolysin have been examined by
      31P and 113Cd NMR spectroscopy. 113Cd resonances are observed at 168 and 152 ppm
      for the phosphoramidon and N-phosphoryl-L-leucineamide complexes, respectively.
      There are large but different chemical shift anisotropy contributions to the
      113Cd line widths for the two complexes, which reflect the known structural
      differences for the zinc-enzyme complexes. 113Cd-31P spin-spin coupling is also
      seen and differs for the two cadmium complexes, being larger, 28 Hz, for the
      bidentate N-phosphoryl-L-leucineamide ligand than for the monodentate
      phosphoramidon, 16 Hz. Large changes in chemical shift, 7.5-10.9 ppm, are seen
      for the 31P resonances of the inhibitors upon binding to the enzyme reflecting
      direct phosphoryl-metal ligation. Chemical shift anisotropy is the dominant
      relaxation mechanism for the 31P nuclei at 9.4 T, while the dipole-dipole
      contribution seems to be unaffected by a change of solvent from H2O to D2O.

PMID- 3392011
TI  - Myristic acid binding to human serum albumin investigated by dialytic exchange
      rate.
AB  - Dialysis rate determinations of several fatty acids in the absence of albumin
      revealed that the myristate anion, like that of laurate, in aqueous solution, pH
      7.5, is present as a monomer anion when the concentration is below 25 microM.
      Palmitate and oleate solutions, on the other hand, show a tendency to aggregation
      even at concentrations below 0.5 microM. Multiple binding of myristate to human
      serum albumin in phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5, 37 degrees C, was investigated by
      exchange of 14C-labeled myristate across a dialysis membrane under conditions of
      binding equilibrium. A binding isotherm was established by least squares fitting
      of the stoichiometric binding constants in the stepwise binding equation to the
      experimental data. The best-fit solution was supplemented with 30 acceptable
      solutions within a probability limit of 0.95. A concept of one or two distinct
      high-affinity sites for binding of fatty acids could not be verified; the
      observations allow a variety of binding mechanisms ranging from cooperativity of
      the first two myristates to a model with four equal and independent sites.

PMID- 3392012
TI  - Occurrence of three distinct molecular species of chondroitin sulfate
      proteoglycan in the developing rat brain.
AB  - More than 60% of brain chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans were extracted from 10
      day-old rat brains by homogenization in ice-cold phosphate-buffered saline
      containing protease inhibitors. Although the soluble proteoglycan preparation was
      a mixture of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans with a different hydrodynamic size
      as well as a different molecular density, each subfraction of the proteoglycans
      contained chondroitin sulfate side chains with virtually identical molecular
      weight (approximately 15,000) and chondroitin sulfate disaccharide composition
      (high content of 4-sulfate unit). Digestion of the purified proteoglycan
      preparation with protease-free chondroitinase ABC produced five core proteins
      with Mr = 250,000 (designated as 250K protein), 220,000 (220K), 150,000 (150K),
      130,000 (130K), and 93,000 (93K). All these core proteins were obtained from
      chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan preparations extracted from various regions of
      the brain, but their composition varied among different brain regions. Analysis
      for amino acid composition of these core proteins and two-dimensional mapping of
      their proteolytic peptides revealed that three major core proteins (250K, 220K,
      and 150K proteins) were structurally different. These observations indicate that
      at least three distinct types of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan occur in the
      developing rat brain.

PMID- 3392013
TI  - Xenopus transcription factor IIIA binds to the flanking regions of the 5 S RNA
      gene intragenic control region in a unique and highly ordered state.
AB  - The interaction of Xenopus transcription factor IIIA (TFIIIA) with the intragenic
      control region (ICR) of the 5 S RNA gene was studied by footprinting techniques
      under conditions which elicited a unique DNase I digestion pattern. Although a
      typical full footprint at the ICR was apparent at a 5 nM TFIIIA concentration,
      higher concentrations (greater than or equal to 50 nM) resulted in a decrease in
      the size of the footprint (on the 5' side of the ICR) concomitant with the
      appearance of an alternating protection pattern (APP) located both in the 3'- and
      5'-flanking regions of the ICR with a periodicity of approximately 10 base pairs.
      This periodicity indicates that TFIIIA binding occurs on only one side of the DNA
      helix. The minimum size of the highly ordered and apparently cooperative APP
      effect was determined to be at least 250 base pairs in length and could be
      abolished through competition with nonspecific DNA. However, binding of TFIIIA to
      nonspecific DNA alone was not sufficient to generate the APP effect at any of the
      TFIIIA concentrations studied. Removal of the C-terminal domain of the protein by
      either tryptic or papain digestion resulted in the abolition of the APP effect at
      all concentrations studied, indicating the necessity of the protein-protein
      interactions for this effect. A nucleation site, most likely at or near the ICR,
      is proposed to exist through which TFIIIA specifically interacts and orients the
      binding of additional protein molecules in a cooperative and highly ordered
      manner to the flanking DNA sequences on either side of the ICR. The APP effect
      near the ICR may play a role in the initiation and stabilization of 5 S RNA gene
      transcription.

PMID- 3392014
TI  - Cadmium-substituted skeletal troponin C metal binding investigations and sequence
      assignment of the cadmium-113 resonances.
AB  - The binding of cadmium to the calcium binding subunit of skeletal troponin (STnC)
      has been reinvestigated using direct binding methods and fluorescent derivatives.
      These data provide straightforward explanations of the observed titration
      behavior in the 113Cd NMR (Ellis, P.D., Strang, P., and Potter, J.D. (1984) J.
      Biol. Chem. 259, 10348-10356). Further, fluorescent derivatives of skeletal
      troponin C provide an excellent means of establishing a sequence assignment for
      the resonances observed in the 113Cd NMR. The results of these experiments
      demonstrate that sites I and II, the Ca2+ regulatory sites, can be assigned to
      resonances at -108.5 and -101.5 ppm, respectively. Sites III and IV, the
      structural sites, are assigned to resonances -112.8 and -106.8 ppm, respectively.
      These data are discussed in terms of recent structural findings and speculations.

PMID- 3392015
TI  - Purification and characterization of ferritins from maize, pea, and soya bean
      seeds. Distribution in various pea organs.
AB  - Ferritins from maize, pea, and soya bean seeds were purified. They contain two
      polypeptides of 28 and 26.5 kDa. The molecular weight of native pea seed ferritin
      has been estimated to be 540,000. Pea and maize seed ferritins were compared by
      reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography, amino acid composition, and
      two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. They are very similar, although four
      isoforms of the 28-kDa polypeptide from the pea were observed in contrast to a
      unique polypeptide in maize. No isoforms of the 26.5-kDa polypeptide were
      detected. Rabbit antibodies were produced in response to pea seed ferritin. It
      was shown by Western blot analysis that ferritins of the three plants analyzed
      share immunological determinants. However, horse spleen ferritin was not
      recognized by the phytoferritin antibodies. Antibodies were also used to
      demonstrate that ferritins are not uniformly distributed in different pea organs
      from 30-day-old iron-unloaded plants. The protein was more abundant in flowers
      than in fruits and roots, and was not detected in leaves.

PMID- 3392016
TI  - Extracellular nucleotides mediate Ca2+ fluxes in J774 macrophages by two distinct
      mechanisms.
AB  - We have studied the effects of extracellular nucleotides on the cytosolic free
      calcium concentration [( Ca2+]i) in J774 macrophages using quin2 and indo-1 as
      indicator dyes. Micromolar quantities of ATP induced a biphasic increase in
      [Ca2+]i: a rapid and transient increase (peak I) which was due to mobilization of
      Ca2+ from intracellular stores and a second more sustained elevation (peak II)
      due to influx of extracellular Ca2+. The sustained peak II elevation had two
      components, a "low threshold" (1 microM ATP) response which saturated at 10-50
      microM ATP and a "high threshold" response, apparent at [ATP] greater than 100
      microM. The latter component was not seen with nucleotides other than ATP and
      correlated with an ATP-induced generalized increase in plasma membrane
      permeability. A variant J774 cell line was isolated which does not demonstrate
      this ATP-induced increase in plasma membrane permeability; nevertheless, it
      demonstrated both the release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores and the low
      threshold component of the Ca2+ influx across the plasma membrane in response to
      nucleoside di- and triphosphates. Several lines of evidence indicate that the
      fully ionized (i.e. free acid) forms of nucleoside di- and triphosphates were the
      ligands that mediated these increases in [Ca2+]i. These data show that
      extracellular nucleotides mediate Ca2+ fluxes by two distinct mechanisms in J774
      cells. In one, the rise in [Ca2+]i is due to release of Ca2+ from intracellular
      stores and Ca2+ influx across the plasma membrane. This response is elicited
      preferentially by the free acid forms of purine and pyrimidine nucleoside di- and
      triphosphates. In the other, the rise in [Ca2+]i reflects a more generalized
      increase in plasma membrane permeability and is elicited by ATP4- only.

PMID- 3392017
TI  - Temperature-jump studies of microtubule dynamic instability.
AB  - Evidence for a slowly dissociating tubulin-GTP cap at microtubule ends was
      derived from observation of a delay for attaining a maximum disassembly rate,
      after the temperature of steady state microtubules was rapidly decreased from 36
      to 34 degrees C. The possibility that the microtubules were capped by a single
      tubulin-GTP subunit on each subhelix was ruled out, by comparison of the
      disassembly kinetics following a temperature decrease and dilution. The existence
      of a subpopulation of microtubules that underwent irreversible or near
      irreversible disassembly was demonstrated by a 30-s lag for attainment of a
      maximum assembly rate, after steady state microtubules were shifted from 34 to 36
      degrees C. A dynamic instability model predicts that a maximum assembly rate will
      be delayed until disappearance of a subpopulation of microtubules that
      disassemble before being recapped. Analysis indicates that the 30-s lag resulted
      because approximately 2% of the mass in the steady state microtubule population
      was uncapped and disassembling and not readily recapped. The half-time for
      recapping of disassembling microtubules, by addition of tubulin-GTP subunits to
      ends, was equal to or greater than 20 s. Since tubulin-GDP dissociated from
      microtubules at a rate of about 4500 s-1, slow recapping resulted in dramatic
      shortening of disassembling microtubules.

PMID- 3392018
TI  - Identification of a downstream sequence and binding protein that regulate
      adenovirus major late promoter transcription in vitro.
AB  - Gel electrophoresis mobility shift and DNase I footprint assays detect a cellular
      nuclear protein in extracts made from uninfected human cells which binds to a
      downstream promoter sequence (DPS) in the human adenovirus 2 major late promoter.
      By DNase I footprint and mutation analyses, we have determined that this new
      regulatory element extends from positions +146 to +165 (relative to the cap site
      at position +1). We show by UV cross-linking that a 40-kDa polypeptide
      specifically binds to this region. Mutations within the DPS which decrease
      protein binding by 80-90% also cause a 2.5-3-fold decrease in in vitro major late
      promoter transcription efficiency. Alteration of the template in the 5'-flanking
      region of the DPS does not affect nuclear protein binding or transcription
      efficiency. Interestingly, a T----G transversion at position +160 which increases
      protein binding also impairs promoter activity.

PMID- 3392019
TI  - Regulation of alternatively spliced alpha-tropomyosin gene expression by nerve
      extract.
AB  - Muscle cells were incubated with extracts prepared from neural tissue to
      investigate the mechanisms and factors which regulate mRNA transcript production
      of the alternatively spliced alpha-tropomyosin (alpha-TM) gene. Results from RNA
      analyses demonstrate that alpha-TM transcripts are dramatically altered by
      decreasing the production of the striated specific isoform while concomitantly
      increasing a cytoplasmic isoform. The factors which regulate alpha-TM expression
      are derived from neural tissue and act at the post-transcriptional level through
      a trans-activation mechanism. Furthermore, these factors can also alter the
      expression of alpha-TM mRNA isoforms in both non-muscle and primary muscle cells
      by regulating the exon splice site selection determined by endogenous trans
      acting factors and force the production of a specific cytoplasmic isoform. The
      results demonstrate that the neural factors which regulate alpha-TM expression
      act through mechanisms and processes which are common to many different cell
      types and cell lineages.

PMID- 3392020
TI  - Structural heterogeneity of the noncollagenous domain of basement membrane
      collagen.
AB  - The noncollagenous domain of collagen from three different basement membranes of
      bovine origin (glomerular, lens capsule, and placental) was excised with
      bacterial collagenase, purified under nondenaturing conditions, and
      characterized. In each case the domain existed as a hexamer comprised of four
      distinct subunits (alpha 1 (IV) NC1, alpha 2 (IV) NC1, M2*, and M3). Each subunit
      exists in both monomeric and dimeric (disulfide-cross-linked) forms. Certain
      dimers also exist which contain nonreducible cross-links. The hexamers from the
      three membranes differ with respect to stoichiometry of subunits and subunit
      isoforms and to the degree of cross-linking of monomers into dimers. The minor
      subunits, M2* and M3, vary in quantity over a 20-fold range relative to the major
      ones among the three hexamers. The results indicate that: 1) at least two
      populations of triple-helical collagen molecules, differing in chain composition,
      exist in each membrane and that their relative proportions are tissue-specific;
      and 2) the chemical nature of the noncollagenous domain of these populations is
      tissue-specific with regard to subunit isoforms and relative proportion of
      reducible and nonreducible cross-links in dimers. A novel structural feature of
      the noncollagenous domain of basement membrane collagen was also evinced from
      these studies. Namely, that each of the four monomeric subunits exists in charge
      isoforms.

PMID- 3392022
TI  - Assembly of type I collagen fibrils de novo. Between 37 and 41 degrees C the
      process is limited by micro-unfolding of monomers.
AB  - The effects of temperature on the assembly of collagen fibrils were examined in a
      system in which collagen monomers are generated de novo and in a physiological
      buffer by specific enzymic cleavage of type I pC-collagen, an intermediate in the
      normal processing of type I procollagen to type I collagen. Increasing the
      temperature of the reaction in the range of 29-35 degrees C decreased the
      turbidity lag and increased the rate of propagation as assayed by turbidity. The
      effect of temperature on the turbidity propagation rate gave a linear Arrhenius
      plot with a negative slope. The predicted value of the activation energy of
      propagation was 113 kJ/mol. However, the effects of temperature on the rate of
      assembly above 37 degrees C were opposite to the effects seen at temperatures
      below 37 degrees C. In the range of 37-41 degrees C, the turbidity propagation
      rate decreased markedly with temperature. Also, the turbidity lag increased.
      Therefore, much longer times were required for monomers to reach equilibrium with
      fibrils. A large fraction of the collagen monomers remaining in solution at
      temperatures above 37 degrees C was sensitive to rapid digestion by trypsin and
      alpha-chymotrypsin. Cooling the solutions to 25 degrees C made the monomers
      resistant to protease digestion. The results are consistent with the conclusion
      that, although formation of collagen fibrils is a classical example of an entropy
      driven process of self-assembly, the rate of assembly between 37 and 41 degrees C
      is limited by reversible micro-unfolding of the monomer.

PMID- 3392021
TI  - Chemical characterization of the membrane-anchoring domain of human placental
      alkaline phosphatase.
AB  - Membrane and soluble forms of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were selectively
      prepared from human placental microsomes by treatment with 1-butanol at pH 8.5
      and 5.5, respectively. The purified membrane (mALP) and soluble (sALP) forms were
      analyzed for chemical compositions. mALP was found to contain 1 mol each of
      palmitate, stearate, and glycerol/subunit of ALP, which were absent in sALP. Both
      the forms contained 1 mol of inositol and 2 mol of ethanolamine/subunit. However,
      none of these compounds was detectable in another soluble form prepared by
      treatment with papain, which is known to cleave the carboxyl-terminal region. The
      results suggest that mALP contains diacylglycerol, the removal of which results
      in its conversion to sALP. We then prepared [3H]ethanolamine-labeled ALP by
      incubating choriocarcinoma cells (JEG-3) with the isotope. 3H-Labeled sALP was
      mixed with unlabeled sALP and treated with papain. A 3H-labeled single component
      was purified from the digests by sequential chromatography through anti-ALP-IgG
      Sepharose, concanavalin A-Sepharose, Bio-Gel P-6, and TSK G-2000 columns.
      Chemical analyses revealed that the purified sample contains the tripeptide Thr
      Thr-Asp, ethanolamine, glucosamine, mannose, inositol, and phosphate. Molar
      ratios of the latter five compounds were calculated to be 2, 1, 3, 1, and 2,
      respectively, by taking Asp as 1 mol. The tripeptide sequence was identified at
      positions 482-484 in the primary structure deduced from the cDNA sequence, which
      predicts a further extension to position 513, containing a hydrophobic amino acid
      sequence. Taken together, these results suggest that the mature ALP molecule
      lacks the predicted carboxyl-terminal peptide extension and is attached at Asp484
      with a glycosylphospholipid, the components of which are characterized above. The
      glycosylphospholipid thus attached is considered to function as the membrane
      anchor of ALP.

PMID- 3392023
TI  - Identification of a complex of the three forms of the rat liver
      asialoglycoprotein receptor.
AB  - We have generated antibodies against synthetic peptides which represent the
      carboxyl terminus of either the major, or the two minor, forms of the rat hepatic
      lectin which recognizes galactose-terminated glycoproteins (asialoglycoproteins).
      The antibodies were shown to be specific for the form of the lectin containing
      the immunizing peptide sequence by the following: reaction with purified lectin
      after sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis,
      immunoprecipitation of sodium dodecyl sulfate-denatured lectin,
      immunoprecipitation of lectin synthesized in vitro. These antibodies, however,
      precipitated all three rat hepatic lectin forms from nonionic detergent extracts
      of hepatocytes labeled with 125I via the lactoperoxidase catalyzed technique. A
      similar result was obtained if antibody was bound to intact cells prior to
      solubilization with detergent and collection of the immune complexes. We conclude
      that at least the plasma membrane-associated fraction of the rat hepatic lectin
      forms exists as a heterotypic complex.

PMID- 3392024
TI  - Molecular defect in factor IXBm Lake Elsinore. Substitution of Ala390 by Val in
      the catalytic domain.
AB  - Earlier studies with factor IXBm Lake Elsinore (IXBmLE), a nonfunctional variant
      of factor IX, suggested that the defect in this protein may reside in the
      catalytic domain of the molecule (Usharani, P., Warn-Cramer, B. J., Kasper, C.
      K., and Bajaj, S. P. (1985) J. Clin. Invest. 75, 76-83). In this report, genomic
      DNA fragments from normal IX and IXBmLE alleles were cloned into phage lambda
      EMBL3 and the recombinant phage identified using normal IX cDNA and synthetic
      oligonucleotides. Exons VI, VII, and VIII of normal IX and IXBmLE gene were also
      amplified using a newly developed primer-directed polymerase chain reaction
      method. All eight exons and flanking regions of the normal IX and IXBmLE gene
      were sequenced by the dideoxy chain termination method. Comparison of the normal
      IX and IXBmLE sequences revealed a single base substitution (C----T) in the exon
      VIII of the BmLE variant, which results in the replacement of Ala390 by Val in
      the variant molecule. Although this mutation is in the catalytic domain of the
      molecule, purified factor IXaBmLE is indistinguishable from normal IXa in its
      activity toward a small synthetic substrate, L-tosylarginine methyl ester. These
      data, coupled with the previous data, identify a region (around residue 390) in
      the normal factor IXa which appears to play a major role in the extended
      macromolecular substrate binding site.

PMID- 3392025
TI  - Spectroscopic and kinetic properties of the oxidized intermediates of lignin
      peroxidase from Phanerochaete chrysosporium.
AB  - Stopped-flow rapid scan techniques were used to obtain a spectrum of nearly
      homogeneous lignin peroxidase compound I (LiPI) under pseudo-first order
      conditions at the unusually low pH optimum (3.0) for the enzyme. The LiPI
      spectrum had a Soret band at 407 nm with approximately 60% reduced intensity and
      a visible maximum at 650 nm. Under steady-state conditions a Soret spectrum for
      lignin peroxidase compound II (LiPII) was also obtained. The Soret maximum of
      LiPII at 420 nm was only approximately 15% reduced in intensity compared to
      native LiP. Transient state kinetic results confirmed the pH independence of LiPI
      formation over the pH range 3.06-7.39. The rate constant was (6.5 +/- 0.2) x
      10(5) M-1 S-1. Addition of excess veratryl alcohol to LiPI resulted in its
      reduction to LiPII with subsequent reduction of LiPII to the native enzyme.
      Reactions of LiPI and LiPII with veratryl alcohol exhibited marked pH
      dependencies. For the LiPI reaction the rate constants ranged from 2.5 x 10(6) M
      1 S-1 at pH 3.06 to 4.1 x 10(3) M-1 S-1 at pH 7.39; for the LiPII reaction, 1.6 x
      10(5) M-1 S-1 (pH 3.06) to 2.3 x 10(3) M-1 S-1 (pH 5.16). These single turnover
      experiments demonstrate directly that the pH dependence of these reactions
      dictates the overall pH dependence of this novel enzyme. These results are
      consistent with the one-electron oxidation of veratryl alcohol to an aryl cation
      radical by LiPI and by LiPII.

PMID- 3392026
TI  - Spontaneous and chemoattractant-induced oscillations of cytosolic free calcium in
      single adherent human neutrophils.
AB  - Studies with fluorescent Ca2+ indicators in large populations of neutrophils in
      suspension reveal a stable base line followed by a rapid agonist-induced
      elevation of cytosolic free calcium, [Ca2+]i, concomitant with other parameters
      of cellular activation. To study the role of adhesion in cell activation, we
      monitored [Ca2+]i in single neutrophils adhered to albumin-coated or fibronectin
      coated glass coverslips before and after stimulation with the chemotactic peptide
      N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (fMLP). Human neutrophils loaded
      with 2 microM fura 2/AM were allowed to adhere to coverslips for 15-20 min at 37
      degrees C. [Ca2+]i was monitored with a dual excitation microfluorimeter with a
      time resolution of 200 ms. Statistical analysis was performed using an algorithm
      allowing to detect significant [Ca2+]i peaks. 54% of the cells showed spontaneous
      [Ca2+]i oscillations. The amplitude of these [Ca2+]i peaks averaged 77 +/- 10 nM
      above basal levels (mean value of 110 +/- 20 nM), and their mean duration was 28
      +/- 5 s; periods of [Ca2+]i bursts could last up to 15 min. In "silent" cells
      exhibiting a stable [Ca2+]i base line without spontaneous oscillations, low
      concentrations of fMLP (10(-10)-10(-9) M) could induce sustained [Ca2+]i
      oscillations. By contrast, higher agonist concentrations (10(-6) M) induced a
      single [Ca2+]i transient followed by a stable base line. 47% of the cells showing
      spontaneous [Ca2+]i oscillations did not respond to fMLP. Spontaneous [Ca2+]i
      oscillations depended on the continuous presence of extracellular Ca2+.
      Therefore: (i) spontaneous oscillations of [Ca2+]i occur in neutrophils adherent
      to various substrata; (ii) these oscillations do not preclude and can be
      dissociated from the response to fMLP; (iii) neutrophil functions might be
      controlled by [Ca2+]i oscillations rather than by sustained alterations of
      [Ca2+]i.

PMID- 3392027
TI  - Primary structure of apolipophorin-III from the migratory locust, Locusta
      migratoria. Potential amphipathic structures and molecular evolution of an insect
      apolipoprotein.
AB  - The amino acid sequence of an insect apolipoprotein, apolipophorin-III from
      Locusta migratoria, has been deduced from the sequence of its cloned cDNA. The
      mature hemolymph protein consists of 161 amino acids. Optimized alignments of
      this protein with apolipophorin-III from the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta,
      disclosed an overall sequence identity of only 29%, even though the two proteins
      are functionally equivalent. The L. migratoria sequence is composed of 12
      repeating peptides that are variable in length. Six amphipathic helical segments
      of varying length were identified in each protein using a newly described
      algorithm for detecting such secondary structures. The degree of sequence
      identity between the two insect apoproteins is considerably less than that
      observed among orthologous mammalian apolipoproteins. However, calculation of the
      rates of synonymous and nonsynonymous nucleotide substitutions indicates that the
      insect genes may be evolving at rates similar to the mammalian apolipoprotein
      genes. Further comparative analyses of insect and mammalian apolipoproteins
      should provide insights about the limits of sequence diversity tolerated by their
      predicted amphipathic helical domains.

PMID- 3392028
TI  - Growth control of human foreskin fibroblasts and inhibition of extracellular
      sialidase activity by 2-deoxy-2,3-dehydro-N-acetylneuraminic acid.
AB  - Normal human fibroblasts have two extreme modes of existence in culture,
      quiescent and proliferative. The growth and division of these cells are usually
      well regulated by the action of various endogenously generated stimulators and
      inhibitors. We have speculated that an extracellular sialidase may be involved in
      the regulation of growth and that inhibition of this activity might decrease or
      abolish cell growth. To test this hypothesis, we have incubated preconfluent
      cultures of fibroblasts in the presence and absence of a potent sialidase
      inhibitor, 2-deoxy-2,3-dehydro-N-acetylneuraminic acid. Treatment of cells with
      this inhibitor resulted in the inhibition of an extracellular sialidase activity
      for up to 24 h and had a marked growth inhibitory effect in a concentration
      dependent manner. The effect of the inhibitor on cell proliferation was specific
      and reversible. During a chase period of 48 h after pulse labeling cells with
      [3H]N-acetylmannosamine and [14C]serine, there was a 15% decrease of [3H]sialic
      acid in the membrane-bound GM3 with 80 microM inhibitor in the medium, as
      compared with a 32% decrease in the controls. Our results suggest that an
      extracellular sialidase may participate in cell-surface modifications that
      accompany (or control) the changes observed when cells traverse the cell cycle,
      from the quiescent to the proliferative phase.

PMID- 3392029
TI  - ATP synthesis kinetics and mitochondrial function in the postischemic myocardium
      as studied by 31P NMR.
AB  - The effects of ischemia on mitochondrial function and the unidirectional rate of
      ATP synthesis (Pi----ATP rate) were studied using a Langendorff-perfused heart
      preparation and 31P NMR spectroscopy. There was significant postischemic
      depression of mechanical function assessed as the heart rate pressure product,
      and the myocardial oxygen consumption rate at a given rate pressure product was
      elevated. Experiments performed on glucose- and pyruvate-perfused hearts
      demonstrated the presence of a large contribution to the unidirectional Pi----ATP
      rate catalyzed by glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and phosphoglycerate
      kinase. This rate was much greater than the maximal glucose utilization rate in
      the myocardium, demonstrating that the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
      dehydrogenase/phosphoglycerate kinase reactions are near equilibrium both before
      and after ischemia. In the pyruvate-perfused postischemic hearts, the glycolytic
      contribution was eliminated and the net rate of ATP synthesis by oxidative
      phosphorylation was measurable. Despite the reduced mechanical function and
      increased myocardial oxygen consumption rate, the ratio of the net rate of ATP
      synthesis by oxidative phosphorylation to oxygen consumption rate (the P:O ratio)
      was not altered subsequent to ischemia (2.34 +/- 0.12 and 2.36 +/- 0.09 in normal
      and postischemic hearts, respectively). Therefore, mitochondrial uncoupling
      cannot be the cause of postischemic depression in mechanical function; instead,
      the data suggest the existence of ischemia-induced inefficiency in ATP
      utilization.

PMID- 3392030
TI  - Identification of numatrin, the nuclear matrix protein associated with induction
      of mitogenesis, as the nucleolar protein B23. Implication for the role of the
      nucleolus in early transduction of mitogenic signals.
AB  - We have previously described and characterized a nuclear protein at 40 kDa/pI 5
      termed "numatrin" which is tightly bound to the nuclear matrix. We demonstrated
      that a rapid increase in the synthesis of numatrin at early G1 phase is closely
      correlated with receptor-mediated induction of cellular proliferation by various
      mitogens and that elevated amounts of numatrin are found in tumor cells,
      suggesting that numatrin may have an important role in regulation of cellular
      growth in normal and malignant cells. Further experiments were undertaken to
      compare the biochemical characteristics of numatrin to those of other known
      proteins that are associated with cellular mitogenesis. Comparison of the
      electrophoretic mobility of numatrin with the proliferation cell nuclear
      antigen/cyclin showed that these proteins are not identical. However, numatrin
      had an identical electrophoretic migration on two-dimensional gel electrophoresis
      to that of a previously described nucleolar protein B23. The tryptic digest
      peptide map of 125I-labeled B23 was identical to that of numatrin on two
      dimensional thin layer electrophoresis/chromatography. Labeling of cells with 32P
      further showed that numatrin is a major phosphoprotein as previously reported for
      protein B23. Using the protocol for purification of B23, we purified numatrin
      from nucleoli of HL-60 cells and produced two polyclonal antibodies (303 and 339)
      to this protein. We further show that numatrin is recognized by anti-B23
      monoclonal antibody as well as by polyclonal antibodies 303 and 339 in enzyme
      linked immunosorbent assay. Conversely, these anti-numatrin polyclonal antibodies
      cross-react with protein B23 as shown in immunoblot analysis. These results,
      taken collectively, prove that numatrin is identical to the nucleolar protein B23
      and thus suggest that protein B23 and events which occur at the nucleolus might
      have an important role in early transduction of mitogenic signals at the G1 phase
      of the cell cycle.

PMID- 3392031
TI  - A pseudopeptide that is a potent cholecystokinin agonist in the peripheral system
      is able to inhibit the dopamine-like effects of cholecystokinin in the striatum.
AB  - There are no known specific effective cholecystokinin (CCK) receptor antagonists
      of both peripheral and central nervous systems. Here, we describe experiments
      which demonstrate that a synthetic pseudopeptide analogue of CCK-7 is a potent
      agonist in the peripheral system and behaves as a selective and highly potent
      inhibitor of the dopamine-like effects of CCK in the striatum. This compound, t
      butyloxycarbonyl-Tyr (SO3H)-Nle psi (COCH2)Gly-Trp-Nle-Asp-Phe-NH2, is able to
      stimulate enzyme secretion from rat pancreatic acini, with high efficacy and
      potency. It is also very potent in inhibiting the binding of labeled CCK-8 to rat
      pancreatic acini (IC50 = 5 nM) and to guinea pig and mouse brain membranes (IC50
      = 0.7 nM). However, this compound is able to antagonize the effects of
      intrastriatally injected t-butyloxycarbonyl-[Nle28,31] CCK-8 in mice, with high
      potency.

PMID- 3392032
TI  - Mechanism of formation of the putative advanced glycosylation end product and
      protein cross-link 2-(2-furoyl)-4(5)-(2-furanyl)-1H-imidazole.
AB  - 2-(2-Furoyl)-4(5)-(2-furanyl)-1H-imidazole (FFI) is a fluorescent molecule which
      was originally discovered in chloroform extract of ammoniacal solution of acid
      hydrolyzed glycated proteins and proposed to represent a protein cross-link. The
      absence of a lysyl residue side chain and other observations promoted a detailed
      study of its mechanism of formation. Glycated alpha-t-Butoxycarbonyllysine was
      incubated for 29 days and periodically assayed for FFI and FFI-like fluorescence.
      Whereas fluorescence increased over time, FFI recovery was unexpectedly highest
      on day 0 and lowest on day 29, suggesting that FFI was directly derived from
      Amadori products. FFI was also recovered from hydrolysates of glycated
      neopentylamine, furosine, and browned poly-L-lysine but was virtually
      undetectable in similar solutions basified with NaOH, triethylamine, or pyridine
      instead of ammonia. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of FFI from
      similar hydrolysates basified in the presence of 15N-enriched NH4Cl revealed for
      all precursors a parent ion peak at 230 instead of 228 m/e units, suggesting that
      the two imidazole nitrogen atoms had been incorporated from free ammonia into
      FFI. Spontaneous FFI synthesis occurred when furosine was reacted with aqueous
      ammonia at room temperature. These results do not support the proposition that
      FFI is an advanced glycosylation end product or a protein cross-link. They
      suggest that FFI is formed from ammonia and furosine which are by-products of
      acid-hydrolyzed glycated proteins.

PMID- 3392033
TI  - Comparative metabolism of branched-chain amino acids to precursors of juvenile
      hormone biogenesis in corpora allata of lepidopterous versus nonlepidopterous
      insects.
AB  - Comparative studies were performed on the role of branched-chain amino acids
      (BCAA) in juvenile hormone (JH) biosynthesis using several lepidopterous and
      nonlepidopterous insects. Corpora cardiaca-corpora allata complexes (CC-CA, the
      corpora allata being the organ of JH biogenesis) were maintained in culture
      medium containing a uniformly 14C-labeled BCAA, together with [methyl
      3H]methionine as mass marker for JH quantification. BCAA catabolism was
      quantified by directly analyzing the medium for the presence of 14C-labeled
      propionate and/or acetate, while JHs were extracted, purified by liquid
      chromatography, and subjected to double-label liquid scintillation counting. Our
      results indicate that active BCAA catabolism occurs within the CC-CA of
      lepidopterans, and this efficiently provides propionyl-CoA (from isoleucine or
      valine) for the biosynthesis of the ethyl branches of JH I and II. Acetyl-CoA,
      formed from isoleucine or leucine catabolism, is also utilized by lepidopteran CC
      CA for biosynthesizing JH III and the acetate-derived portions of the ethyl
      branched JHs. In contrast, CC-CA of nonlepidopterans fail to catabolize BCAA.
      Consequently, exogenous isoleucine or leucine does not serve as a carbon source
      for the biosynthesis of JH III by these glands, and no propionyl-CoA is produced
      for genesis of ethyl-branched JHs. This is the first observation of a tissue
      specific metabolic difference which in part explains why these novel
      homosesquiterpenoids exist in lepidopterans, but not in nonlepidopterans.

PMID- 3392034
TI  - Preservation of intermediary metabolism in saponin-permeabilized rat adipocytes.
AB  - A unique permeabilized adipocyte model is described in which vigorous
      intracellular intermediary metabolism is preserved through both the pentose and
      glycolytic-Krebs pathways following saponin-induced pore formation in plasma
      membranes. Upon addition of appropriate cofactors, the cells metabolize both
      glucose and glucose 6-phosphate at rates which are severalfold greater than
      control (membrane-intact) cells. Saponin is shown to mediate these metabolic
      effects solely by creating membrane pores through which substrate influx occurs.
      This cell model provides an unprecedented opportunity to examine intermediary
      metabolism in situ because it permits the entry into the cytosol of previously
      restricted substrates, modifiers, and radiolabeled compounds. By circumventing
      the glucose transporter while, for the most part, preserving plasma membrane
      integrity, these metabolically active, porous adipocytes may permit the direct
      exploration of postinsulin receptor glucose metabolism by various hormones or
      drugs.

PMID- 3392035
TI  - Oncomodulin and parvalbumin. A comparison of their interactions with europium
      ion.
AB  - The 7F0----5D0 transition of Eu3+ was used to probe the metal-binding domains of
      rat oncomodulin and rat parvalbumin. Two distinct differences between the two
      proteins were observed. The first relates to the pH-dependent behavior of their
      7F0----5D0 spectra, a phenomenon noted previously for other paravalbumins. In the
      case of rat parvalbumin, the spectral features associated with both metal-binding
      sites titrate concomitantly (pK alpha = 8.2); however, in the case of
      oncomodulin, the two sites titrate sequentially (pK alpha = 6.3 for the CD site;
      pK alpha = 8.3 for EF site). The proteins also contrast with regard to their
      discrimination for Eu3+ over Ca2+. The CD and EF sites in rat parvalbumin both
      display a large preference for Eu3+: (KCa/KEu)CD = 143 +/- 11 and (KCa/KEu)EF =
      191 +/- 30. However, in the case of oncomodulin, although the EF site of
      oncomodulin greatly prefers the trivalent lanthanide ion (KCa/KEu = 300 +/- 80),
      the CD site exhibits a relatively minor preference (KCa/KEu = 11 +/- 1).

PMID- 3392036
TI  - Tubulin exchanges divalent cations at both guanine nucleotide-binding sites.
AB  - The tubulin heterodimer binds a molecule of GTP at the nonexchangeable nucleotide
      binding site (N-site) and either GDP or GTP at the exchangeable nucleotide
      binding site (E-site). Mg2+ is known to be tightly linked to the binding of GTP
      at the E-site (Correia, J. J., Baty, L. T., and Williams, R. C., Jr. (1987) J.
      Biol. Chem. 262, 17278-17284). Measurements of the exchange of Mn2+ for bound
      Mg2+ (as monitored by atomic absorption and EPR) demonstrate that tubulin which
      has GDP at the E-site possesses one high affinity metal-binding site and that
      tubulin which has GTP at the E-site possesses two such sites. The apparent
      association constants are 0.7-1.1 x 10(6) M-1 for Mg2+ and approximately 4.1-4.9
      x 10(7) M-1 for Mn2+. Divalent cations do bind to GDP at the E-site, but with
      much lower affinity (2.0-2.3 x 10(3) M-1 for Mg2+ and 3.9-6.6 x 10(3) M-1 for
      Mn2+). These data suggest that divalent cations are involved in GTP binding to
      both the N- and E-sites of tubulin. The N-site metal exchanges slowly (kapp =
      0.020 min-1), suggesting a mechanism involving protein "breathing" or heterodimer
      dissociation. The N-site metal exchange rate is independent of the concentration
      of protein and metal, an observation consistent with the possibility that a
      dynamic breathing process is the rate-limiting step. The exchange of Mn2+ for
      Mg2+ has no effect on the secondary structure of tubulin at 4 degrees C or on the
      ability of tubulin to form microtubules. These results have important
      consequences for the interpretation of distance measurements within the tubulin
      dimer using paramagnetic ions. They are also relevant to the detailed mechanism
      of divalent cation release from microtubules after GTP hydrolysis.

PMID- 3392037
TI  - The uptake of pyrroline 5-carboxylate. Group translocation mediating the transfer
      of reducing-oxidizing potential.
AB  - The cellular uptake of pyrroline 5-carboxylate (P5C) is of interest because this
      nutritionally responsive constituent of human plasma can mediate the transfer of
      oxidizing potential into cells and stimulate the production of phosphoribosyl
      pyrophosphate. Using a cloned line of Chinese hamster ovary cells, we found that
      the uptake of P5C was saturable, temperature-dependent, and sensitive to
      metabolic inhibitors. Furthermore, this uptake of P5C exhibited unusual features.
      It was independent of sodium ion and had a pH optimum of 6.4. The kinetics
      characteristics of P5C uptake included an apparent Km of 0.46 +/- 0.04 mM and a
      Vmax of 19.6 +/- 1.8 nmol/min/mg. Although the Vmax for P5C was comparable to
      those for certain other amino acids, e.g. leucine, it was significantly higher
      than that for alpha-methylaminoisobutyric acid in these cells. Importantly, there
      was no interaction between these amino acids and the uptake mechanism for P5C.
      Twenty naturally occurring amino acids, each at a concentration of 5 mM, were
      without effect on the uptake of P5C. Interestingly, the uptake mechanism for P5C
      is unusual in that it is linked to the transfer of reducing-oxidizing potential.
      Over wide ranges of P5C concentration and duration of incubation, P5C entry is
      coupled to its conversion to proline and the concomitant oxidation of reduced
      pyridine nucleotide with stimulation of the pentose phosphate shunt. In fact, no
      free P5C derived from the medium could be detected in cells. Our interpretation
      of these findings is that P5C uptake occurs by its own unique mechanism, a group
      translocation that mediates the transfer of reducing-oxidizing potential.

PMID- 3392038
TI  - The purification of ribosomal RNA gene chromatin from Physarum polycephalum.
AB  - We have undertaken the purification of ribosomal RNA gene (rDNA) chromatin from
      the slime mold Physarum polycephalum, in order to study its chromatin structure.
      In this organism rDNA exists in nucleoli as highly repeated minichromosomes, and
      one can obtain crude chromatin fractions highly enriched in rDNA from isolated
      nucleoli. We first developed a nucleolar isolation method utilizing polyamines as
      stabilization agents that results in a chromatin fraction containing far more
      protein than is obtained by the more commonly used divalent cation isolation
      methods. The latter method appears to result in extensive histone loss during
      chromatin isolations. Two methods were then used for purifying rDNA chromatin
      from nucleoli isolated by the polyamine procedure. We found that rDNA chromatin
      migrates as a single band in agarose gels, well separated from other components
      in the chromatin preparation. Although the utility of this technique is somewhat
      limited by low yields and by progressive stripping of protein from rDNA
      chromatin, it can provide useful information about rDNA chromatin protein
      composition. The application of this technique to the fractionation of gene and
      spacer chromatin fragments produced by restriction enzyme digestion is discussed.
      We also found that rDNA chromatin, if RNase-treated, bands discretely in
      metrizamide equilibrium density gradients with a density lighter than that of non
      nucleolar chromatin. These characteristics suggest that we have identified a
      transcriptionally active rDNA chromatin fraction which possesses a lower protein
      to DNA ratio than does non-nucleolar chromatin. This technique yields sufficient
      purified rDNA chromatin for further biochemical studies and does not cause
      extensive protein stripping. The procedures developed here should be applicable
      to the analysis of a variety of chromatin fractions in other systems.

PMID- 3392039
TI  - The characterization of ribosomal RNA gene chromatin from Physarum polycephalum.
AB  - We have isolated ribosomal RNA gene (rDNA) chromatin from Physarum polycephalum
      using a nucleolar isolation procedure that minimizes protein loss from chromatin
      and, subsequently, either agarose gel electrophoresis or metrizamide gradient
      centrifugation to purify this chromatin fraction (Amero, S. A., Ogle, R. C.,
      Keating, J. L., Montoya, V. L., Murdoch, W. L., and Grainger, R. M. (1988) J.
      Biol. Chem. 263, 10725-10733). Metrizamide-purified rDNA chromatin obtained from
      nucleoli isolated according to the new procedure has a core histone/DNA ratio of
      0.77:1. The major core histone classes comigrate electrophoretically with their
      nuclear counterparts on Triton-acid-urea/sodium dodecyl sulfate two-dimensional
      gels, although they may not possess the extent of secondary modification evident
      with the nuclear histones. This purified rDNA chromatin also possesses RNA
      polymerase I activity, and many other nonhistone proteins, including two very
      abundant proteins (26 and 38 kDa) that may be either ribonucleoproteins or
      nucleolar matrix proteins. Micrococcal nuclease digestion of the metrizamide
      purified rDNA chromatin produces particles containing 145-base pair DNA fragments
      identical in length to those in total chromatin and which contain both
      transcribed and nontranscribed rDNA sequences. Some smaller fragments (30, 70,
      and 110 base pairs) are also seen, but their sequence content is not known. These
      particles sediment uniformly at 11 S in sucrose gradients containing 15 mM NaCl,
      and at 4-11 S in gradients containing 0.35 M NaCl. Particles enriched in gene or
      nontranscribed spacer sequences are not resolved in these sucrose gradients or in
      metrizamide gradients. Our findings suggest that the rDNA chromatin fraction we
      have identified contains transcriptionally active genes and that an organized,
      particle-containing structure exists in active rDNA chromatin.

PMID- 3392040
TI  - Purification of a factor required for transcription of vaccinia virus early
      genes.
AB  - Partially purified DNA-dependent RNA polymerase from infectious vaccinia virus
      particles exhibits the following two activities: 1) specific transcription of
      double-stranded DNA templates containing vaccinia early promoters and 2)
      nonspecific transcription of single-stranded DNA templates. After further
      purification of the RNA polymerase, specific transcriptase activity was
      selectively diminished suggesting the loss of a transcription factor. In
      agreement with the latter hypothesis, transcriptase activity could be
      reconstituted by mixing the purified RNA polymerase with certain column
      fractions. A quantitative complementation assay was developed and used to locate
      the transcription factor during successive column chromatography steps. The
      factor eluted as a single peak of activity from single strand DNA-cellulose and
      phosphocellulose columns. An observation that the transcription factor binds
      specifically to vaccinia early promoter sequences was exploited in the final
      affinity chromatography steps. The purified factor was separated from all
      previously identified vaccinia enzymes and contained two polypeptides of Mr
      77,000 and 82,000. A DNA-dependent ATPase activity also copurified with the
      transcription factor. Although a single template was used for assays during
      isolation, the purified factor stimulated transcription of three other early
      genes by 20-30-fold suggesting that it has a general role in conferring promoter
      specificity for initiation of early transcription.

PMID- 3392041
TI  - A mutant of Chinese hamster ovary cells with a reduction in levels of dolichyl
      phosphate available for glycosylation.
AB  - F2A8, a glycosylation mutant of Chinese hamster ovary cells, was isolated without
      prior enrichment or selective procedures by screening colonies for reduced
      [3H]mannose incorporation into macromolecules. F2A8 cells incubated with
      [3H]mannose synthesized 70% the amount of labeled GDP-mannose found in parental
      cells, and the same oligosaccharides attached to lipid and protein as did
      parental cells, but in reduced amounts. Incorporation of radioactivity from
      labeled mannose into saccharide-lipids and into total glycopeptides of F2A8 was
      reduced 7-fold compared to parental cells. In addition, glycosylation of the
      vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein was reduced in F2A8 cells as assessed by
      a mobility intermediate between normally glycosylated and unglycosylated protein
      during sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In vitro assays
      using membrane preparations showed that F2A8 had parental levels of
      glucosylphosphoryldolichol synthase and of UDP-GlcNAc:dolichyl phosphate:GlcNAc
      phosphotransferase when the enzymatic determinations were done in the presence of
      exogenous dolichyl phosphate. However, 5-fold less glucosylphosphoryldolichol
      synthase activity was detected in membranes of F2A8 compared to membranes of
      parental cells in assays relying on endogenous lipid substrate. F2A8 appears to
      have reduced amounts of dolichyl phosphate available for its glycosylation
      reactions.

PMID- 3392042
TI  - A Chinese hamster ovary cell mutant F2A8 utilizes polyprenol rather than dolichol
      for its lipid-dependent asparagine-linked glycosylation reactions.
AB  - Previous results suggested that F2A8, a glycosylation mutant of Chinese hamster
      ovary cells, had a lower amount of dolichyl phosphate available for asparagine
      linked glycosylation reactions relative to parental cells. The steady-state
      amounts and identities of polyisoprenoid lipids were determined by incubating
      F2A8, its parental cell line B4-2-1, and wild-type Chinese hamster ovary cells
      for 24 h with [2-3H]mevalonate. The neutral lipids, ubiquinone, cholesterol, and
      cholesteryl esters, which were the most highly labeled from [3H]mevalonate, were
      labeled equally in all three cell types. In wild-type and B4-2-1 cells,
      mevalonate incorporation into the anionic glycosylated and phosphorylated
      derivatives of dolichol was 10-fold higher than into the neutral free dolichol
      and dolichyl esters. In contrast, in F2A8 cells, label accumulated in neutral
      polyisoprenol lipids, so that the ratio of neutral to anionic lipids was 1:1
      rather than 1:10. In wild-type and B4-2-1 cells, the polyisoprenoid found as free
      alcohol and in phosphorylated and glycosylated forms was shown by high pressure
      liquid chromatography using a silica column to be primarily dolichol, a
      polyisoprenol that has a saturated terminal isoprene unit. In contrast, in F2A8
      cells the polyisoprenoid found primarily as the free alcohol and in
      phosphorylated and glycosylated forms appeared to be completely unsaturated
      polyprenol. The distribution of chain lengths of the labeled polyisoprenols of
      F2A8, B4-2-1, and wild-type cells was the same as determined by high pressure
      liquid chromatography using a reverse-phase column, with the predominant chain
      length being 19 isoprene units. These results combined with our previous studies
      on the phenotype of the F2A8 mutant indicate that the unsaturated polyprenyl
      phosphate derivatives do not function as well as dolichyl phosphate derivatives
      in cellular glycosylation reactions.

PMID- 3392043
TI  - Degradation of human intestinal glycosphingolipids by extracellular glycosidases
      from mucin-degrading bacteria of the human fecal flora.
AB  - Certain normal strains of human fecal bacteria are unique in producing
      extracellular glycosidases that degrade the oligosaccharide chains of gut mucin
      glycoproteins. We have studied the action of such glycosidases partially purified
      from the cell-free supernates of five of these strains on intestinal
      glycosphingolipids isolated from human meconium. The glycolipids were sialosyl
      lactosylceramide, lactosylceramide, and fucolipids with A, B, H, Lea, or Leb
      blood group determinants. In addition to the strain-specific high blood group A
      degrading activities (Ruminococcus torques strains VIII-239 and IX-70), B
      degrading activity (Ruminococcus AB strain VI-268), and H-degrading activities
      (all strains) corresponding to alpha 1-3-N-acetylgalactosaminidase, alpha 1-3
      galactosidase and alpha 1-2-fucosidase, respectively, all strains also degraded
      sialosyl-lactosylceramide and Lea and Leb antigenic glycolipids, indicating the
      presence of alpha 2-3-neuraminidases and alpha 1-4-fucosidases. Enzyme
      preparations from Bifidobacterium infantis strain VIII-240 and R. torques strain
      VIII-239 hydrolyzed the Lea active glycolipid directly to lactosylceramide,
      suggesting the presence of endo-beta 1-3-N-acetylglucosaminidase activities.
      Similar endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase activities were identified in four of
      the five enzyme preparations. The enzymes produced by R. AB strain VI-268 lacked
      this activity as well as beta 1-3-galactosidase, and thus degradation stopped at
      lactotetraosylceramide. With enzyme preparations from the other strains
      lactosylceramide was the single major degradation product from complex
      glycosphingolipids with less than 30% further degradation to glucosylceramide
      within 48 h. We conclude that glycosidases from mucin-degrading strains of human
      enteric bacteria degrade oligosaccharide chains of lactoseries fucolipids and
      gangliosides of intestinal origin primarily to lactosylceramide. Since several
      genera of enteric bacteria bind preferentially to lactosylceramide in vitro,
      mucin-degrading strains may have an important ecological role in host-microbial
      associations in the human gut.

PMID- 3392044
TI  - Factors involved in specific transcription by mammalian RNA polymerase II. RNA
      polymerase II-associating protein 30 is an essential component of transcription
      factor IIF.
AB  - Transcription from class II promoters requires five general factors, IIA, IIB,
      IID, IIE, and IIF, in addition to RNA polymerase II for basal levels of
      transcription (Reinberg, D., Flores, O., and Buckbinder, L. (1987) in Molecular
      Biology of RNA: New Perspectives (Inouye, M., and Dudock, B., eds) pp. 423-439,
      Academic Press, Orlando, FL). A protein fraction containing transcription factors
      (TF) IIE and IIF was able to reconstitute transcription from the adenovirus major
      late promoter when added to extracts depleted of the RNA polymerase II
      associating proteins RAP 30 and RAP 74 (Sopta, M., Carthew, R.W., and Greenblatt,
      J. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 10353-10360). Studies with monoaffinity-purified
      antibodies directed against RAP 30 demonstrated, by Western blot analysis, that
      RAP 30 copurifies on five columns with transcription factor IIF. That RAP 30 is a
      functional component of TFIIF was also demonstrated; preincubation of anti-RAP 30
      antibodies with purified TFIIF inhibited transcription. Inhibition of
      transcription was overcome by the addition of purified TFIIF. RAP 30 is an
      integral part of a preinitiation complex; the incubation of all the general
      transcription factors with a promoter-containing DNA, prior to the addition of
      the anti-RAP 30 antibodies, resulted in the formation of a DNA-protein complex
      that was not inhibited by the antibodies. Incubation of the transcription factors
      in the absence of a promoter-containing DNA resulted in a complex that was
      partially resistant to the antibodies.

PMID- 3392045
TI  - Identification and purification of a transverse tubule coupling protein which
      binds to the ryanodine receptor of terminal cisternae at the triad junction in
      skeletal muscle.
AB  - In fast twitch skeletal muscle, the signal for excitation-contraction coupling is
      transferred from transverse tubule across the triad junction; calcium is thereby
      released from the terminal cisternae of sarcoplasmic reticulum triggering muscle
      contraction. Recently, the feet structures of terminal cisternae, which bridge
      the gap at the triad junction, have been identified as the ryanodine receptor and
      in turn with the calcium release channels of sarcoplasmic reticulum. The latter
      consists of an oligomer of a single high molecular weight polypeptide (Mr
      360,000). This study attempts to identify the component in the transverse tubule
      which ligands with the foot structure to form the triad junction. The purified
      ryanodine receptor, derivatized with sulfosuccinimidyl-2-(p-azidosalicylimido)
      1,3'-dithiopropionate (SASD), a thiol-cleavable, 125I-iodinatable, and
      photoactive probe, was shown to selectively cross-link to a protein with Mr of
      71,000 in isolated transverse tubules. This coupling protein was purified from
      transverse tubule by solubilization with the detergent 3-[(3
      cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propane sulfonate (CHAPS) and then purified by
      sequential column chromatography. In the absence of sulfhydryl agents, the
      purified polypeptide has an Mr of 61,000 on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis. A complementary approach using SASD was employed to confirm
      association of the coupling protein with the ryanodine receptor of terminal
      cisternae. We conclude that the transverse tubule coupling protein together with
      the ryanodine receptor (foot structure) is involved in the liganding between
      transverse tubule and terminal cisternae of sacroplasmic reticulum.

PMID- 3392046
TI  - Differential gene expression in response to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
      (TCDD). Noncoordinate regulation of a TCDD-induced aldehyde dehydrogenase and
      cytochrome P-450c in the rat.
AB  - 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) regulates the transcription of a
      specific subset of genes through a receptor-mediated mechanism. We have isolated
      a cDNA to a TCDD-inducible rat liver aldehyde dehydrogenase and have shown that
      its induction by TCDD differs from that of another TCDD-induced gene, cytochrome
      P-450c, with regard to dose-response relationship, induction kinetics, and tissue
      specificity. At least a 10-fold higher dose of TCDD was required for half-maximal
      induction of TCDD-inducible rat liver aldehyde dehydrogenase in rat liver than
      the dose that half-maximally induced cytochrome P-450c. Further, the kinetics of
      induction of TCDD-inducible rat liver aldehyde dehydrogenase by TCDD in rat liver
      was delayed compared with that of cytochrome P-450c. Striking discrepancies were
      found in the capacity of various organs to induce both TCDD-inducible rat liver
      aldehyde dehydrogenase and cytochrome P-450c in a coordinated manner in response
      to TCDD. Organs that were able to evoke one of these responses to TCDD were not
      necessarily able to evoke coordinately the other response. The capacity of an
      organ to exhibit either of these two responses to TCDD did not correlate
      stringently with reported Ah receptor abundance. Our data suggest that TCDD can
      modulate the expression of specific genes in different ways and that regulatory
      pathways in addition to the classically defined Ah receptor may be involved.

PMID- 3392047
TI  - Translational regulation of B19 parvovirus capsid protein production by multiple
      upstream AUG triplets.
AB  - The B19 parvovirus produces two capsid proteins in strikingly different
      quantities (VP1 less than 4%, VP2 greater than 96%) from overlapping RNAs that
      are derived from the same transcription unit. Immediately upstream from the VP1
      translation initiation site is an unusual sequence containing multiple ATG
      triplets. During RNA processing this sequence is spliced out of VP2 RNA. To test
      the regulatory role on translation of this sequence containing upstream AUGs,
      synthetic RNAs were produced in vitro by T7 RNA polymerase from various plasmid
      constructions. Translation of VP1 RNA was very inefficient compared to VP2 RNA in
      a cell-free system, indicating that capsid protein production was regulated at
      the level of translation. Removal of upstream AUG sequences from VP1 RNA greatly
      increased the efficiency of translation. Conversely, the addition of the same AUG
      rich sequence upstream of the initiation site of VP2 decreased its translation.
      These data indicate that an upstream AUG-rich region acts as a negative
      regulatory element in the translational control of B19 capsid protein production.

PMID- 3392048
TI  - Kinetics and mechanism of microtubule length changes by dynamic instability.
AB  - Microtubules at steady state were found to undergo dramatic changes in length,
      with only very little change in number concentration and mean length. This result
      is accounted for by a mechanism in which microtubules are capped at ends by
      tubulin-GTP subunits; loss of the tubulin-GTP cap at one end results in
      disassembly of all the tubulin-GDP subunits, so that the medial edge of the
      distal tubulin-GTP cap is exposed; the exposed tubulin-GTP cap is sufficiently
      stable, so that microtubule regrowth from the cap rather than loss of the cap
      occurs. This mechanism predicts that a bell-shaped length distribution of sheared
      microtubules will be transiently bimodal, with peaks of short and moderate length
      microtubules, in rearranging to an exponential length distribution. We have
      observed the predicted transient bimodal length distribution experimentally and
      in a Monte Carlo simulation. Dynamic instability has recently been accounted for
      by assuming that microtubule ends are capped with only a single tubulin-GTP
      subunit at each end of the five helices that serve as elongation sites. Such a
      minimal tubulin-GTP cap is apparently ruled out by our observations, which
      require that the remnant tubulin-GTP cap generated from disassembly be able to
      serve as nucleating site; we do not expect that a stable nucleating site can be
      generated from five tubulin-GTP subunits, oriented as the five helices that serve
      as elongation sites.

PMID- 3392049
TI  - Porcine spleen cathepsin H hydrolyzes oligopeptides solely by aminopeptidase
      activity.
AB  - Cathepsin H purified from porcine spleens was studied for its specificity against
      various peptide and denatured protein substrates. The enzyme degraded all peptide
      substrates exclusively by an aminopeptidase activity. The enzyme preferentially
      released NH2-terminal amino acid residues with large hydrophobic (Phe, Trp, Leu,
      and Tyr) or basic (Arg and Lys) side chains. Amino acids containing small or
      polar side chains were not released. Peptides with a proline in the NH2-terminal
      or penultimate positions were not hydrolyzed either. Large polypeptides such as
      reduced and carboxymethylated soybean trypsin inhibitor and aldolase were not
      degraded. These results indicate that cathepsin H is an exopeptidase but not an
      endopeptidase. We propose that the biological role of this enzyme is the
      degradation of tissue proteins in lysosomes by its aminopeptidase activity.

PMID- 3392050
TI  - Apoprotein E-rich high density lipoproteins inhibit ovarian androgen synthesis.
AB  - The influence of high density lipoproteins (HDL) on luteinizing hormone
      stimulated rat ovarian theca/interstitial cell steroidogenesis was studied.
      Without HDL the cells produced primarily androgens from progestin precursors. In
      the presence of rat or human HDL steroid output increased 3-5-fold, but the type
      of steroid produced was dependent on the source of the HDL. Human HDL
      nonselectively amplified luteinizing hormone-stimulated steroid production,
      whereas rat HDL promoted progestin production without a concomitant increase in
      androgen output. Comparisons of the activities of apoprotein E-rich HDL (e.g. HDL
      from intact mature rats) with apoprotein E-poor HDL (e.g. human HDL or rat HDL
      from hypophysectomized immature rats) suggested that apoprotein E was responsible
      for the inhibition of androgen production. Furthermore, the inhibitory activity
      of rat HDL was abolished by depleting apoprotein E-containing lipoproteins with
      heparin affinity chromatography. Direct evidence that apoprotein E was the
      inhibitory constituent of rat HDL was obtained by showing that isolated lipid
      free rat apoprotein E inhibited androgen production, whereas isolated rat
      apoproteins A-I and A-IV did not. The possible paracrine function of apoprotein E
      in ovarian follicular maturation of the ovary is discussed.

PMID- 3392051
TI  - The response of isolated guinea-pig aorta to amrinone.
AB  - 1. In helically cut strips of aorta from reserpine-treated guinea-pigs,
      cumulative concentrations (30 microM, 0.3 mM and 3 mM) of amrinone progressively
      reduced the basal tone of the preparations and relaxed the smooth muscle
      contracted by 1 microM noradrenaline or by 20 mM K+. 2. The relaxing effect was
      completely suppressed by tissue pretreatment with adenosine deaminase (1 U ml-1).
      3. Relaxation induced by amrinone was not affected by 50 microM indomethacin or
      by 0.1 mM 8-phenyltheophylline and was potentiated by 5 microM quinidine. 4. Like
      amrinone, exogenous adenosine reduced the basal tone of the guinea-pig aorta
      strips and relaxed the preparations contracted by 1 microM noradrenaline or by 20
      mM k+ in a concentration-dependent manner. 5. The relaxing activity of exogenous
      adenosine was not affected by 50 microM indomethacin, was potentiated by 5 microM
      quinidine and was partially antagonized by 0.1 mM 8-phenyltheophylline. 6. These
      results indicate the involvement of endogenous adenosine in the relaxing effect
      of amrinone on guinea-pig aorta strips, but the specific mechanism of amrinone
      adenosine interaction remains to be elucidated.

PMID- 3392052
TI  - Differential effects of pertussis toxin on muscarinic responses in isolated atria
      and smooth muscle.
AB  - 1. The effect of pretreatment with pertussis toxin has been studied on responses
      to muscarinic agonists in guinea-pig atria and smooth muscle in vitro. 2. 48 h
      after a single intravenous injection of pertussis toxin (3.2-100 micrograms.kg
      1), muscarinic receptor-mediated negative inotropic responses in the atria were
      inhibited in a dose-dependent manner, with complete abolition of responses
      occurring after administration of 100 micrograms.kg-1. 3. In contrast, there was
      no effect on atrial positive inotropic responses to isoprenaline. In addition, no
      effect was observed on contractile responses to carbachol and pilocarpine in the
      ileum, trachea, oesophageal muscularis mucosae and urinary bladder, either in
      terms of potency or maximal response, at all dose levels of pertussis toxin
      studied. 4. It is concluded that muscarinic receptors in the atria, but not
      smooth muscle, are probably coupled to the inhibitory regulatory protein Ni,
      which is functionally inactivated by pertussis toxin. The differences in coupling
      between atrial and smooth muscle muscarinic receptors provide further evidence
      for muscarinic receptor heterogeneity in these two tissues.

PMID- 3392053
TI  - Cardiovascular effects of etorphine in rats.
AB  - 1. Cardiovascular effects of intravenously administered etorphine were
      investigated in mechanically ventilated normotensive rats under pentobarbitone
      anaesthesia. 2. Etorphine (0.1-2 micrograms kg-1) induced a dose-related
      bradycardia and hypotension which was prevented by pretreatment with naloxone
      (0.1 mg kg-1). 3. After bilateral vagotomy etorphine (1 microgram kg-1) produced
      a pressor effect which was prevented by prazosin (0.5 mg kg-1), but unaltered by
      adrenalectomy. 4. The bradycardia due to etorphine was abolished by bilateral
      vagotomy, but only partially reduced by atropine (1 mg kg-1) and still evident
      after propranolol (1.5 mg kg-1). 5. Etorphine was without effect on blood
      pressure in the pithed rat, although there was a small bradycardia which was not
      seen after naloxone. 6. The data presented indicate that etorphine produces an
      opioid receptor-mediated stimulation of both vagal (partially cholinergic) and
      sympathetic outflow and a direct cardiodepressant effect.

PMID- 3392054
TI  - The relationship of hyperalgesia in SART (repeated cold)-stressed animals to the
      autonomic nervous system.
AB  - 1. The mechanism of hyperalgesia observed in SART (repeated cold)-stressed
      animals (mice and rats) was studied in relation to the autonomic nervous system.
      2. SART stress reduced the nociceptive threshold previously increased in
      vagotomized mice, but failed to change the threshold previously decreased in
      sympathectomized mice. 3. The nociceptive threshold previously decreased in SART
      stressed mice was elevated by vagotomy, but decreased still more by
      sympathectomy. 4. Lesion of ventromedial (VMH), anterior (AH) or posterior
      hypothalamus (PH) prevented decrease in the nociceptive threshold of rats by SART
      stress, but lesion of the lateral hypothalamus (LH) had no such effect. 5. The
      nociceptive threshold previously decreased in stressed rats did not change by
      VMH, AH or PH lesion, but increased by LH lesion. 6. The above findings indicate
      that hyperalgesia in SART-stressed animals apparently bears little relation to
      the parasympathetic nervous system, but is associated relatively more with
      reduced tone in the sympathetic nervous system.

PMID- 3392055
TI  - Shoulder arthroscopy.

PMID- 3392056
TI  - Management of displaced extension-type supracondylar fractures of the humerus in
      children.
AB  - The cases of 230 patients who had a displaced extension-type supracondylar
      fracture of the humerus were reviewed retrospectively. The results of treatment
      by four different methods were assessed clinically and compared. The mean length
      of follow-up was 4.6 years (range, one to nine years). The highest percentages of
      excellent results were achieved by percutaneous Kirschner-wire fixation (78 per
      cent), skeletal traction (67 per cent), and open reduction with internal fixation
      (67 per cent). Closed reduction and application of a cast was associated with a
      significantly lower percentage of early and late complications, including
      Volkmann ischemic contracture and cubitus varus. It is recommended that treatment
      with a cast be reserved for undisplaced fractures only. Percutaneous Kirschner
      wire fixation is advocated as the method of choice for the majority of displaced
      fractures.

PMID- 3392057
TI  - Persistent pain after excision of an interdigital neuroma. Results of
      reoperation.
AB  - Thirty-four patients (thirty-seven feet) had a reoperation for pain that
      persisted after excision of a plantar interdigital (Morton) neuroma. A
      longitudinal plantar incision was used in thirty-three feet and the previous
      dorsal web-space incision was used in four feet. Of the thirty-nine pathological
      specimens that were obtained intraoperatively, twenty-six (67 per cent) contained
      elements either of primary interdigital neuroma tissue or of an interdigital
      neuroma in association with an amputation-stump neuroma, indicating that the
      recurrent pain in these patients had probably resulted from an incomplete initial
      excision. All but one of the thirty-four patients were available for follow-up at
      an average of seventy-six months (range, ten to 124 months) postoperatively.
      Twenty-two patients (67 per cent) had complete relief from or marked improvement
      in pain, three (9 per cent) had improvement but had persistent pain, and eight
      (24 per cent) had no improvement or had worse pain. The longitudinal plantar
      incision was satisfactory in all but one patient and did not result in a painful
      plantar scar. The number of previously unsuccessful attempts that had been made
      to excise the neuroma did not adversely affect the results of reoperation in this
      group of patients.

PMID- 3392058
TI  - Treatment of the cervical spine in rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Of thirty-four selected patients who had rheumatoid arthritis and subluxations of
      the atlanto-axial and other joints of the cervical spine, eighteen were treated
      operatively and sixteen were treated non-operatively. Of the subluxations of the
      atlanto-axial joint, nineteen were anterior; four, posterior; and eleven,
      vertical. Additionally, subaxial subluxations were seen in three patients. At the
      time of treatment, the mean duration of the rheumatoid disease was 19.4 years and
      the mean duration of the disorders of the cervical spine was 4.5 years. After
      treatment the patients were followed for an average of 2.2 years (range, six
      months to six years). Of the thirty-four patients, two (both of whom were treated
      non-operatively) died of causes unrelated to the lesions of the cervical spine
      and were excluded from this study. Of the remaining thirty-two patients, eighteen
      were treated operatively and fourteen, non-operatively. The two groups were
      roughly comparable with respect to the lesions of the cervical spine, but more of
      the patients who were treated surgically showed evidence of compression of the
      cord as demonstrated by computed tomography and myelography. The thirty-two
      patients were not randomized in the two groups; therefore, comparison of the
      findings in these groups is not completely valid. Surgical treatment of the
      eighteen patients included an atlanto-axial fusion in thirteen and an
      occipitocervical fusion in five. In addition, two patients who had an
      occipitocervical fusion also had a subaxial laminectomy and posterior fusion.
      There was a superficial wound infection, which was treated successfully with
      short-term antibiotic therapy, in two patients. No patient died postoperatively.
      Occipital pain was relieved in twelve of the fifteen operatively treated patients
      who had pain, whereas pain was relieved in only one of the eight conservatively
      treated patients who had pain. At follow-up, neurological function was unchanged
      or improved in the operatively treated group but was slightly worse in the
      conservatively treated group. We concluded that fusion of an unstable rheumatoid
      cervical spine relieves pain and prevents progression of existing neural lessons
      without undue risk for the patient.

PMID- 3392059
TI  - Failure of the metal-backed patellar component after total knee replacement.
AB  - Twenty-five patients had failure of a metal-backed patellar component after total
      knee replacement. Five manufacturers and seven designs were involved. There was
      no apparent correlation between failure of the component and the age or sex of
      the patient, the diagnosis, the use of cement, the femorotibial alignment, or the
      use of lateral release. The patients in whom the patellar implant failed were
      relatively heavy, and the diagnosis in most of them was osteoarthritis. The
      failure was due to one of two mechanisms: wear or fracture, or both, of the
      polyethylene over the edge of the metal backing (eighteen components), or
      dissociation of the polyethylene or the base-plate, or both, from the anchoring
      pegs (seven components). In many of the patients, failure of the component was
      not suspected before arthrotomy. The failure led to considerable wear of the
      femoral component in eleven patients and to metal-induced synovitis in twenty
      three. We concluded that metal backing may predispose the patellar component to a
      small but important likelihood of failure, and we urge caution in choosing a
      metal-backed patellar implant. Additional research is necessary to improve
      designs for the patellar component, especially if metal backing is to be used.

PMID- 3392060
TI  - Fracture/dissociation of the polyethylene in metal-backed patellar components in
      total knee arthroplasty.
AB  - We encountered a complication that is unique to the use of a metal-backed
      patellar component in total knee replacement--namely, fracture and separation of
      the polyethylene bearing from its metal counterpart. The cases of seventeen
      patients who were treated at several institutions were studied. Patellar
      malalignment, especially in heavy patients who had a high level of activity, was
      a contributory cause of the complication, but we thought that deficiencies in the
      design of the prosthesis were also an important factor.

PMID- 3392061
TI  - Biomechanical analysis of posterior instrumentation systems after decompressive
      laminectomy. An unstable calf-spine model.
AB  - Mechanical non-destructive cyclical testing in rotation, axial compression, and
      flexion were performed on twelve fresh spinal segments from calves. Each segment
      contained five motion segments. Each spine was destabilized with bilateral
      laminectomy and facetectomy of the fourth and fifth lumbar vertebrae, resection
      of the pars interarticularis of the fourth lumbar vertebra, and resection of the
      disc between the fourth and fifth lumbar vertebrae. Sequential stabilization of
      each spine was used to compare the stiffness of: (1) Harrington distraction
      instrumentation of five levels, (2) Luque rectangular instrumentation of five
      levels, (3) modified Steffee transpedicular notched-rod instrumentation of three
      and five levels, and (4) Cotrel-Dubousset transpedicular instrumentation of three
      and five levels with and without transverse approximating rods. This in vitro
      study of a calf-spine model led to three reproducible conclusions: (1) after
      laminectomy and discectomy, the instrumented spine was more unstable in rotation
      and flexion than when it was subjected to axial compressive loads; (2) the most
      rigid implant was the Cotrel-Dubousset transpedicular instrumentation of five
      vertebral levels (p less than 0.05); and (3) with the Steffee or the Cotrel
      Dubousset transpedicular instrumentation of three vertebral levels, it was
      possible to restore torsional, compressive, and flexural rigidity to the
      destabilized spine of the calf. Furthermore, transpedicular fixation of only
      three vertebral levels provided more in vitro stability than either traditional
      Harrington or Luque rectangular instrumentation, which require fixation of five
      vertebral levels to stabilize a spine after laminectomy.

PMID- 3392062
TI  - External fixation of the clavicle for fracture or non-union in adults.
AB  - A technique of osteosynthesis of the clavicle with Hoffmann external fixation was
      used to treat twenty patients for selected indications, including an open
      fracture, inability of a patient to tolerate prolonged conservative treatment, or
      a painful non-union. No vascular or pleural complication was observed. The
      average time that the external fixator was retained was fifty-one days. All of
      the clavicles united well. Mobility of the shoulder returned to normal in all
      patients.

PMID- 3392063
TI  - Failure of fixation after segmental spinal instrumentation without arthrodesis in
      the management of paralytic scoliosis.
AB  - Between April and October 1981, nineteen children who were between five and
      twelve years old (median age, seven years), and who had severe paralytic
      scoliosis secondary to poliomyelitis, were treated by segmental spinal
      instrumentation without arthrodesis. Three patients could not be followed, and
      the cases of the remaining sixteen patients were reviewed in April 1984. In
      fifteen patients, the implant system had failed to control the deformity. In six
      patients, the rods had fractured at the apex of the original deformity; in five,
      longitudinal shift of the rods had allowed recurrence of the deformity; and in
      four, the short limb of one or both of the L-shaped rods had rotated out of the
      pelvis and perforated the skin, resulting in an infection that necessitated
      removal of the rods. At the time of the review, the deformity was essentially the
      same as before the original instrumentation in all but the sixteenth patient, in
      whom failure had not occurred. The instrumented vertebrae had grown measurably in
      some of the patients, but spontaneous fusion--particularly in the thoracic spine-
      was observed when the rods were removed. This finding indicates that, using
      presently available materials, segmental instrumentation of the spine without
      arthrodesis does not effectively control paralytic scoliosis secondary to
      poliomyelitis in a growing child.

PMID- 3392064
TI  - A comparison of the risk of vertebral fracture in menopausal osteopenia and other
      metabolic disturbances.
AB  - The risk of atraumatic compression fracture in postmenopausal women increases as
      vertebral trabecular bone density decreases. To determine whether the risk is
      similar for patients who have other metabolic disorders, we compared eight-nine
      patients who had various disturbances affecting bone and sixty-three
      postmenopausal women who had no evidence of underlying disease. Trabecular bone
      density was measured by quantitative computed tomography of the lumbar spine. The
      relationship between frequency of fracture and bone density was modeled
      mathematically with spline threshold, quadratic polynomial, and decaying
      exponential functions. Analysis of covariance showed that the diagnostic category
      did not influence the relationship between frequency of fracture and bone density
      in any of the three models. We concluded that the risk of atraumatic compression
      fracture, as assessed by measurement of vertebral trabecular bone density using
      quantitative computerized tomography, is independent of the underlying metabolic
      disturbance.

PMID- 3392065
TI  - Stability of posterior fracture-dislocations of the hip. Quantitative assessment
      using computed tomography.
AB  - The treatment of a posterior fracture-dislocation of the hip is strongly
      influenced by the surgeon's assessment of stability of the hip after the
      dislocation has been reduced. Stability is inversely related to the size of the
      posterior acetabular fragment. Computed tomography was used to measure the size
      of the fracture fragment in nine cadavera of adults. Progressive increments of
      bone were removed from the posterior part of the acetabular wall in sixteen hips.
      After each osteotomy, the hip was tested for stability and was measured by
      computed tomography until it became unstable. All hips from which less than 20
      per cent of the posterior part of the acetabular wall was removed were stable,
      while those from which more than 40 per cent was removed were unstable.

PMID- 3392066
TI  - Reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament using a torn meniscus.
AB  - In eighty of 100 patients, reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament using
      a torn meniscus was successful in restoring stability. The length of follow-up
      ranged from two to six years and the mean interval from injury to operation was
      two years. Preoperatively, all but one patient had a positive (2+ or 3+) Lachman
      test and a positive pivot-shift test. Only ten patients had evidence of major
      instability, as seen on either test. The result was the same regardless of
      whether the patient had had a concomitant extra-articular (Ellison) procedure.
      The results of arthroscopic biopsy in eleven patients did not support the
      hypothesis that the meniscus underwent metaplasia to ligamentous tissue. Although
      this procedure yielded results similar to those of other procedures in which
      autogenous tissues are used to reconstruct the ligament, the meniscus should
      rarely, if ever, be used for reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament.
      The procedure is indicated only for patients who, in addition to needing
      reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament, also have a torn meniscus that
      would otherwise have to be totally excised.

PMID- 3392067
TI  - Results of revision total knee arthroplasties using condylar prostheses. A review
      of fifty knees.
AB  - Revisions of total knee arthroplasties for aseptic failure have provided varied
      results. In this review of fifty revisions in which a condylar prosthesis was
      used in carefully selected knees, the results were rated good or excellent in 76
      per cent after an average length of follow-up of 4.8 years. At the follow-up
      examination, radiolucent lines were seen in 17 per cent of the knees. The
      complications included loosening of one or both prosthetic components in three
      knees (of which two were revised again); a hematoma in one knee; and a piece of
      loose cement, which had to be removed, in one knee. There were no deep
      infections. On the basis of these results, we concluded that revision total knee
      arthroplasty using a condylar prosthesis will have infrequent complications and
      will provide a satisfactory result in properly selected patients.

PMID- 3392068
TI  - Selection of patients for through-the-knee amputation.
AB  - Forty-six adult patients had a through-the-knee amputation (disarticulation of
      the knee) in a four-year period. Thirty-four of the patients had peripheral
      vascular insufficiency and were judged to lack the potential for using a
      prosthesis functionally, although the evaluation indicated that they had the
      potential for healing of the wound at the below-the-knee level of amputation. At
      a minimum follow-up of one year, the amputation wound had healed in thirty of
      these patients, and no joint contracture had developed. Two patients died in the
      first postoperative month, and two had failure to heal and needed revision to an
      above-the-knee amputation. The remaining twelve patients who had a through-the
      knee amputation were judged to be potentially able to use a prosthesis
      functionally, but they did not have the capacity for wound-healing at the below
      the-knee level. Therefore, in these patients, a through-the-knee amputation was
      performed as an alternative to an above-the-knee amputation. The amputation wound
      healed in eight of these patients, but four (33 per cent) had failure to heal and
      needed subsequent revision to an above-the-knee amputation. All twelve patients
      were able to use a prosthesis. The through-the-knee amputation provides good
      muscular balance and has a low risk for the late development of joint
      contracture. The residual limb (stump) provides an excellent surface area for
      sitting balance and a lever-arm for transfer. In a patient who has the potential
      to use a prosthesis functionally, the residual limb allows direct load-transfer
      (end weight-bearing).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3392069
TI  - The use of flow cytometry as a diagnostic aid in the management of soft-tissue
      tumors.
AB  - The diagnosis and staging of soft-tissue tumors is a complex problem, and even
      the experienced pathologist sometimes finds it difficult to determine whether a
      particular lesion is benign or malignant and whether a sarcoma is high or low
      grade. However, this information is essential in planning treatment. Flow
      cytometric analysis of nuclear DNA is a method to determine the number of cells
      that are in the process of replicating or dividing (S or G2, or M phase), since
      these cells have abnormal concentrations of DNA (DNA aneuploidy). Previous
      studies from our laboratory have established the relative value of this technique
      as an adjunct in the staging of primary bone tumors. In the past four years, 146
      soft-tissue lesions have been evaluated by flow cytometry, using propidium iodide
      staining of isolated cells that were obtained in the fresh state. The tumors were
      forty-two benign neoplasms, ten lesions of synovial origin, thirty desmoids
      (aggressive but not malignant), and sixty-four sarcomas ranging in grade from 1
      to 3 on a 3-point scale. The over-all values for flow cytometry showed that a
      number of factors correlated well with the grade of the tumor, but the best
      correlations were with the mean concentration of DNA (a calculated average for
      concentrations of DNA for the various types of cells in the lesion), the total
      percentage of cells in S-phase plus the G2 and M-phases (called percentage of
      replicating and dividing cells), and the presence or absence of DNA
      aneuploidy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3392070
TI  - Irreducible dorsal dislocation of the toe. Report of three cases.

PMID- 3392071
TI  - Stress fractures associated with osteoarthritis of the knee. A report of three
      cases.

PMID- 3392073
TI  - Reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament using the bone-block iliotibial
      tract transfer.

PMID- 3392072
TI  - An intra-articular rheumatoid nodule in the hip. A case report.

PMID- 3392074
TI  - Resection as a method of treatment of tarsal coalitions.

PMID- 3392075
TI  - Lower limb-length discrepancy.

PMID- 3392076
TI  - The credentialing of orthopaedic fellowships.

PMID- 3392077
TI  - Use of a total condylar knee prosthesis for treatment of osteoarthritis and
      rheumatoid arthritis. Long-term results.
AB  - Between May 1975 and December 1979, 113 patients had 153 arthroplasties using a
      total condylar knee prosthesis. Thirty patients (forty-two knees) died, and one
      (two knees) was lost to follow-up. Thirty-eight of these forty-four knees had
      been followed for more than two years, and none had had a revision. The remaining
      eighty-two patients (109 knees) were followed for an average of nine years
      (range, seven to 11.5 years). At the time of the latest examination, ten had had
      a revision for various reasons. For the ninety-nine knees that had the original
      prosthesis, the findings were compared with those of an evaluation that had been
      done four years postoperatively. The average over-all knee score was found to
      have decreased between the four-year and the latest follow-up evaluation,
      primarily because of a 7-point decrease in the score for function. The rate of
      infection was 0.6 per cent. The knees that had had patellar resurfacing had
      better over-all scores and better scores for pain than those that had not. This
      was particularly true in the patients who had osteoarthritis. The results of
      arthroplasty using a total condylar prosthesis appeared to be consistent and
      durable. Although there was a decrease in the quality of the functional result
      with increasing age, the patients reported consistent relief of pain.

PMID- 3392078
TI  - Involvement of the hip in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. A longitudinal study.
AB  - Thirty-five children who had rheumatoid arthritis were followed for three to
      twenty-two years. Four categories of involvement of the hip were seen. In the
      first group, thirteen patients had mild disability and slight radiographic
      changes. In six of those patients the disease was in remission at the time of
      writing, and the patients were asymptomatic. In the second group, two patients
      had episodic disability that correlated with the activity of the disease. In the
      third group, fourteen patients had progressive disability and radiographic
      changes. Fifty-five of the fifty-nine procedures that were performed on the hip
      and knee in this series were done on those fourteen patients. In the fourth
      group, six patients had dramatic clinical and radiographic findings but, at the
      time of the latest follow-up, had little functional disability. In all six of
      these patients, the disease was in remission. In the children in this study,
      protrusio acetabuli was more cephalad than has been found in adults who have
      rheumatoid arthritis. All of the children had psychosocial problems, but they
      responded well to counseling. These problems influenced the timing of the
      surgical treatment.

PMID- 3392079
TI  - Sepsis of the hip in paraplegic patients.
AB  - For the treatment of chronic sepsis of the hip in paraplegic patients, we adopted
      three measures: (1) a Girdlestone procedure, (2) transposition of the vastus
      lateralis muscle into the void that was left by the removal of the femoral head
      and neck and the acetabular wall, and (3) external fixation to prevent
      unrestrained motion of the femoral shaft, which might damage the transposed
      muscle. The hip joint was spanned by a posterior pelvic-femoral skeletal external
      fixator. Nine patients, all of whom had thoracic-level paraplegia, were treated
      in this manner. The fixator was kept in place for three to six weeks while the
      patients were cared for in the prone position. All of the infections were fully
      healed by twelve weeks postoperatively. In two patients, the wound drained at the
      edge of the flap for a short time.

PMID- 3392080
TI  - Movement of the shoulder after resection of a tumor of the scapula.
AB  - Forty-seven patients who had a tumor of the scapula were seen by the Bone Tumour
      Panel at the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, Middlesex, England.
      Sixteen resections were performed in fourteen patients. Although other authors
      have discussed the length of survival of one or a few such patients, none, to our
      knowledge, has reported on postoperative movement of the shoulder. We correlated
      the type of resection of bone and muscle with the restrictions of postoperative
      movement. Our patients had an excellent range of postoperative movement, even
      after subradical resection. The study enabled us to make recommendations for
      reconstruction of muscle after resection and to determine the functional
      prognosis.

PMID- 3392081
TI  - Spike osteotomy for angular deformities of the long bones in children.
AB  - We reviewed the results of fifty consecutive spike osteotomies that were
      performed in thirty-five children for the treatment of angular deformity of a
      long bone. After forty-three of the procedures, the radiographs were adequate to
      assess the stability of the fragments. At the time of healing, the average loss
      of correction from the position that had been accepted at operation was 2 degrees
      in the anterior-posterior plane and 1.2 degrees in the lateral plane. In four
      limbs, more than 5 degrees of correction had been lost. No patient lost more than
      10 degrees of correction. The rates of complications and of recurrence were
      similar to those of other reported series. We concluded that the spike osteotomy
      is safe and effective.

PMID- 3392082
TI  - Total hip arthroplasty in patients who have sickle-cell hemoglobinopathy.
AB  - Eleven patients who had a form of sickle-cell hemoglobinopathy had a total hip
      arthroplasty for avascular necrosis of the hip. Four patients had a revision and
      three had a resection arthroplasty. Four had a serious infection postoperatively.
      Both acute and late complications were numerous. We concluded that patients who
      have a sickle-cell hemoglobinopathy are at markedly increased risk for
      complications after total hip replacement arthroplasty, yet that over-all the
      results are favorable.

PMID- 3392083
TI  - Lateral release and proximal realignment for patellar subluxation and
      dislocation. A long-term follow-up.
AB  - Fifty-two patients (sixty knees) who had a diagnosis of either patellar
      subluxation or dislocation had an operation consisting of a lateral release and
      proximal realignment of the patella. The duration of follow-up ranged from two to
      nine years. At the latest follow-up, forty-two (80.8 per cent) of the patients
      had a good or an excellent clinical result; only one patient had redislocation of
      the patella. The results were not affected by the grade of chondromalacia that
      was present at the time of operation; however, the differences in the results as
      correlated with the age and sex of the patient were statistically significant,
      the older patients having poorer results and the male patients, better results.
      Roentgenographic analysis of the postoperative position of the patella, as seen
      on the view described by Merchant et al., revealed that centralizing the patella
      in the intercondylar sulcus yielded the most favorable results.

PMID- 3392084
TI  - Epithelioid sarcoma. An analysis of fifty-one cases.
AB  - Analysis of the cases of fifty-one consecutive patients who had an epithelioid
      sarcoma revealed the five-year rate of survival to be approximately 70 per cent
      and the ten-year rate, approximately 50 per cent. The five-year rate of survival
      was about 40 per cent for the male patients and about 80 per cent for the female
      patients. If the primary tumor was more than three centimeters in diameter or was
      deeply situated, the patients had a reduced life-span, as did the patients in
      whom the tumor was focally necrotic. More male than female patients had necrosis
      of the tumor, as seen on the pathological specimens. No significant difference in
      life-span was noted among the patients in whom the resection had a marginal,
      wide, or radical surgical margin. The data indicate that wide or radical
      resection should be done as soon as epithelioid sarcoma is diagnosed.

PMID- 3392085
TI  - The effect of compressive loading on intraosseous pressure in the femoral head in
      vitro.
AB  - We measured intraosseous pressures in twenty human hips from cadavera during
      progressive serial applications of load using a materials-testing machine.
      Pressure rose in strict proportion to load at each of four different testing
      sites. In the femoral head, the mean response to loads applied over 0.1 second
      was 55 +/- 66 millimeters of mercury per 980 newtons. This value was 3.6 times
      higher than the mean response in a region cephalad to the acetabulum and 2.6 and
      2.8 times higher than the mean response in the femoral neck and intertrochanteric
      regions. In further studies within the femoral head, pressures were accentuated
      and reduced by factors of 1.7 and 0.4, respectively, at faster (0.03 second) and
      slower (1.0 second) loading times.

PMID- 3392086
TI  - Low incidence of deep-vein thrombosis after cementless total hip replacement.
AB  - The incidence of deep-vein thrombosis was studied in 146 consecutive Korean
      patients who had a cementless total hip replacement with a porous-coated anatomic
      prosthesis. All of the patients had discontinued taking aspirin, aspirin
      containing compounds, or other antiplatelet medications fourteen days before
      admission to the hospital for the operation. Deep-vein thrombosis was diagnosed
      by roentgenographic venography, and pulmonary embolism, by perfusion lung
      scanning. There was an unusually low incidence (10 per cent) of deep-vein
      thrombosis in this series. In contrast to other reports, we did not identify a
      relationship between deep-vein thrombosis and so-called risk factors such as
      advanced age, number of venous valves (more than five) in the lower extremity,
      abnormal coagulation-assay data, certain diseases, or preoperative limitation of
      mobility. In addition, hypertension, blood group, surgical approach, and choice
      of cemented or cementless total hip replacement did not seem to affect the
      incidence of deep-vein thrombosis. There was a low incidence of deep-vein
      thrombosis in patients in whom obesity, prolonged immobilization postoperatively,
      varicose veins, and hyperlipemia were not factors.

PMID- 3392087
TI  - An electron microscopic study of early pathology in chondromalacia of the
      patella.
AB  - For a study of the ultrastructural pathology of chondromalacia patellae, we
      studied biopsy specimens that had been obtained at operation in twelve young
      patients who had pain in the anterior aspect of the knee due to mechanical
      derangement and also had the pathological changes in articular cartilage that are
      characteristic of chondromalacia. The initial pathological finding was swelling
      of the superficial matrix associated with breakdown of the collagen fiber
      network, especially at matrix streaks in the superficial and transitional zones.
      Fibrillated cartilage contained surface fissures that penetrated the middle
      layers. Amorphous electron-dense material was found covering the internal
      surfaces of the fissures; this appeared to contain degraded components of the
      matrix. In association with these changes, there were formation of nests of cells
      (clusters of chondrocytes) and increased numbers of organelles in the
      chondrocytes. A limited repair reaction also was observed in some specimens; this
      was characterized by the migration of fibroblast-like cells over the surface of
      the cartilage. The ultrastructural observations on these specimens from patients
      who had chondromalacia were compatible with a pathogenesis resulting from
      mechanical overload.

PMID- 3392088
TI  - Treatment of open tibial-shaft fractures. External fixation and secondary
      intramedullary nailing.
AB  - Between 1979 and 1986, sixteen of 369 open fractures of the tibial shaft were
      treated by external fixation followed by intramedullary nailing. These fractures
      comprised one Type-I, two Type-II, and thirteen Type-III injuries. This method of
      treatment was the original treatment plan in nine patients (56 per cent), for
      delayed union while the external fixator was still in place in four patients (25
      per cent), for loss of reduction in a plaster cast in two patients (13 per cent),
      and for osteomyelitis and a segmental defect in one patient (6 per cent). The
      average duration of external fixation was 8.5 weeks; the average time between
      removal of the external fixator and intramedullary nailing, three weeks; and the
      average time between injury and nailing, twelve weeks. All sixteen patients were
      followed until either the fracture had united (eleven patients) or there was an
      established non-union (five patients). At that time, seventeen additional
      procedures were performed, including bone-grafting, fibulectomy, and re-nailing.
      Only five of the sixteen fractures healed without additional surgical procedures
      or major complications. The five fractures that progressed to a non-union were
      all Type III, and all were complicated by a deep infection. Over-all, the
      complications included seven deep infections (an intramedullary infection in four
      patients, osteomyelitis in two, and a chronic draining sinus associated with a
      ring sequestrum in one); five minor infections during external fixation, which
      developed into five of the seven deep infections that occurred after the
      secondary intramedullary nailing; and eight non-unions, three of which progressed
      to union after multiple procedures. The over-all incidence of non-union was 50
      per cent and that of deep infection, 44 per cent. On the basis of the high
      incidence of complications in both the present series and the few reports in the
      literature, we concluded that alternative treatment options should be carefully
      considered before electing this sequential method of fixation.

PMID- 3392089
TI  - Monitoring of motor action potentials after stimulation of the spinal cord.
AB  - We recorded motor action potentials in cats, using surface electrodes placed over
      the soleus muscle. The action potentials were generated by stimulating the spinal
      cord with electrodes in the epidural space at the level of the fifth or sixth
      thoracic vertebra. This also was done in humans, using the same methods of
      stimulating and recording, but the intensity of the stimulus was adjusted to
      produce little or no twitch of the paraspinal muscles. In the animal experiment,
      the motor action potential was abolished after transection of the pyramidal tract
      and was progressively attenuated with effective doses of a curare-like agent. We
      also tested the effect of distraction, using the same technique as is used in
      Harrington instrumentation, and found that the amount of distraction that caused
      reduction of the amplitude of the motor action potential of more than 50 per
      cent, when sustained for longer than seven minutes, caused permanent paraplegia
      in two cats. The evaluation of spinal evoked potentials that were obtained from
      epidural electrodes placed caudad to the level of distraction, and of motor
      action potentials that were recorded over the soleus muscle, following the same
      stimulus, showed a similar pattern of reduction after distraction in five of
      seven cats. The other two cats had irreversible reduction of motor action
      potential associated with unchanged spinal evoked potential, and both cats became
      paraplegic.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3392090
TI  - Snapping hip after total hip replacement. A report of four cases.

PMID- 3392091
TI  - Isolated dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica of the hip joint. A case report.

PMID- 3392092
TI  - Traumatic avulsion of the ligamentum teres without dislocation of the hip. Two
      case reports.

PMID- 3392093
TI  - Concomitant rupture of the peroneus brevis tendon and bimalleolar fracture. A
      case report.

PMID- 3392094
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging in a child who had clinical signs of discitis. Report
      of a case.

PMID- 3392095
TI  - Polyethylene wear: a cause of failure of the variable-axis total knee prosthesis.
      A report of three cases.

PMID- 3392096
TI  - Pain dysfunction syndromes.

PMID- 3392097
TI  - Subluxation of the femoral head in coxa plana.

PMID- 3392098
TI  - Longitudinal growth of the femur and tibia after diaphyseal lengthening.

PMID- 3392099
TI  - How actin binds and assembles onto plasma membranes from Dictyostelium
      discoideum.
AB  - We have shown previously (Schwartz, M. A., and E. J. Luna. 1986. J. Cell Biol.
      102: 2067-2075) that actin binds with positive cooperativity to plasma membranes
      from Dictyostelium discoideum. Actin is polymerized at the membrane surface even
      at concentrations well below the critical concentration for polymerization in
      solution. Low salt buffer that blocks actin polymerization in solution also
      prevents actin binding to membranes. To further explore the relationship between
      actin polymerization and binding to membranes, we prepared four chemically
      modified actins that appear to be incapable of polymerizing in solution. Three of
      these derivatives also lost their ability to bind to membranes. The fourth
      derivative (EF actin), in which histidine-40 is labeled with ethoxyformic
      anhydride, binds to membranes with reduced affinity. Binding curves exhibit
      positive cooperativity, and cross-linking experiments show that membrane-bound
      actin is multimeric. Thus, binding and polymerization are tightly coupled, and
      the ability of these membranes to polymerize actin is dramatically demonstrated.
      EF actin coassembles weakly with untreated actin in solution, but coassembles
      well on membranes. Binding by untreated actin and EF actin are mutually
      competitive, indicating that they bind to the same membrane sites. Hill plots
      indicate that an actin trimer is the minimum assembly state required for tight
      binding to membranes. The best explanation for our data is a model in which actin
      oligomers assemble by binding to clustered membrane sites with successive
      monomers on one side of the actin filament bound to the membrane. Individual
      binding affinities are expected to be low, but the overall actin-membrane avidity
      is high, due to multivalency. Our results imply that extracellular factors that
      cluster membrane proteins may create sites for the formation of actin nuclei and
      thus trigger actin polymerization in the cell.

PMID- 3392100
TI  - Communication compartments in the gastrulating mouse embryo.
AB  - We characterized the pattern of gap junctional communication in the 7.5-d mouse
      embryo (at the primitive streak or gastrulation stage). First we examined the
      pattern of dye coupling by injecting the fluorescent tracers, Lucifer Yellow or
      carboxyfluorescein, and monitoring the extent of dye spread. These studies
      revealed that cells within all three germ layers are well coupled, as the
      injected dye usually spread rapidly from the site of impalement into the
      neighboring cells. The dye spread, however, appeared to be restricted at specific
      regions of the embryo. Further thick section histological analysis revealed
      little or no dye transfer between germ layers, indicating that each is a separate
      communication compartment. The pattern of dye movement within the embryonic
      ectoderm and mesoderm further suggested that cells in each of these germ layers
      may be subdivided into smaller communication compartments, the most striking of
      which are a number of "box-like" domains. Such compartments, unlike the
      restrictions observed between germ layers, are consistently only partially
      restrictive. In light of these results, we further monitored ionic coupling to
      determine if some coupling might nevertheless persist between germ layers. For
      these studies, Lucifer Yellow was coinjected while ionic coupling was monitored.
      The injected Lucifer Yellow facilitated the identification of the impalement
      sites, both in the live specimen and in thick sections in the subsequent
      histological analysis. By using this approach, all three germ layers were shown
      to be ionically coupled, indicating that gap junctional communication is
      maintained across the otherwise dye-uncoupled "germ layer compartments." Thus our
      results demonstrate that partially restrictive communication compartments are
      associated with the delamination of germ layers in the gastrulating mouse embryo.
      The spatial distribution of these compartments are consistent with a possible
      role in the underlying development.

PMID- 3392101
TI  - Cell cycle versus density dependence of smooth muscle alpha actin expression in
      cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells.
AB  - Cultured smooth muscle cells (SMC) undergo induction of smooth muscle (SM) alpha
      actin at confluency. Since confluent cells exhibit contact inhibition of growth,
      this finding suggests that induction of SM alpha actin may be associated with
      cell cycle withdrawal. This issue was further examined in the present study using
      fluorescence-activated cell sorting of SMC undergoing induction at confluency and
      by examination of the effects of FBS and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) on
      SM alpha actin expression in postconfluent SMC cultures that had already
      undergone induction. Cell sorting was based on DNA content or differential
      incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine (Budr). The fractional synthesis of SM alpha
      actin in confluent cells was increased two- to threefold compared with
      subconfluent log phase cells, but no differences were observed between confluent
      cycling (Budr+) and noncycling (Budr-) cells. In cultures not exposed to Budr,
      confluent cycling S + G2 cells exhibited similar induction. These data indicate
      that cell cycle withdrawal is not a prerequisite for the induction of SM alpha
      actin synthesis in SMC at confluency. Growth stimulation of postconfluent
      cultures with either FBS or PDGF resulted in marked repression of SM alpha actin
      synthesis but the level of repression was not directly related to entry into S
      phase in that PDGF was a more potent repressor of SM alpha actin synthesis than
      was FBS despite a lesser mitogenic effect. This differential effect of FBS versus
      PDGF did not appear to be due to transforming growth factor-beta present in FBS
      since addition of transforming growth factor-beta had no effect on PDGF-induced
      repression. Likewise, FBS (0.1-10.0%) failed to inhibit PDGF-induced repression.
      Taken together these data demonstrate that factors other than replicative
      frequency govern differentiation of cultured SMC and suggest that an important
      function of potent growth factors such as PDGF may be the repression of muscle
      specific characteristics.

PMID- 3392102
TI  - Electron microscopic visualization of sites of nascent DNA synthesis by
      streptavidin-gold binding to biotinylated nucleotides incorporated in vivo.
AB  - Biotinylated nucleotides (bio-11-dCTP, bio-11-dUTP, and bio-7-dATP) were
      microinjected into unfertilized and fertilized Xenopus laevis eggs. The amounts
      introduced were comparable to in vivo deoxy-nucleoside triphosphate pools. At
      various times after microinjection, DNA was extracted from eggs or embryos and
      subjected to electrophoresis on agarose gels. Newly synthesized biotinylated DNA
      was analyzed by Southern transfer and visualized using either the BluGENE or
      Detek-hrp streptavidin-based nucleic acid detection systems. Quantitation of the
      amount of biotinylated DNA observed at various times showed that the
      microinjected biotinylated nucleotides were efficiently incorporated in vivo,
      both into replicating endogenous chromosomal DNA and into replicating
      microinjected exogenous plasmid DNA. At least one biotinylated nucleotide could
      be incorporated in vivo for every eight nucleotides of DNA synthesized. Control
      experiments also showed that heavily biotinylated DNA was not subjected to
      detectable DNA repair during early embryogenesis (for at least 5 h after
      activation of the eggs). The incorporated biotinylated nucleotides were
      visualized by electron microscopy by using streptavidin-colloidal gold or
      streptavidin-ferritin conjugates to bind specifically to the biotin groups
      projecting from the newly replicated DNA. The incorporated biotinylated
      nucleotides were thus made visible as electron-dense spots on the underlying DNA
      molecules. Biotinylated nucleotides separated by 20-50 bases could be resolved.
      We conclude that nascent DNA synthesized in vivo in Xenopus laevis eggs can be
      visualized efficiently and specifically using the techniques described.

PMID- 3392103
TI  - Identification of the major proteins that promote neuronal process outgrowth on
      Schwann cells in vitro.
AB  - Schwann cells have a unique role in regulating the growth of axons during
      regeneration and presumably during development. Here we show that Schwann cells
      are the best substrate yet identified for promoting process growth in vitro by
      peripheral motor neurons. To determine the molecular interactions responsible for
      Schwann cell regulation of axon growth, we have examined the effects of specific
      antibodies on process growth in vitro, and have identified three glycoproteins
      that play major roles. These are the Ca2+-independent cell adhesion molecule
      (CAM), L1/Ng-CAM; the Ca2+-dependent CAM, N-cadherin; and members of the integrin
      extracellular matrix receptor superfamily. Two other CAMs present on neurons
      and/or Schwann cells-N-CAM and myelin-associated glycoprotein-do not appear to be
      important in regulating process growth. Our results imply that neuronal growth
      cones use integrin-class extracellular matrix receptors and at least two CAMs--N
      cadherin and L1/Ng-CAM-for growth on Schwann cells in vitro and establish each of
      these glycoproteins as a strong candidate for regulating axon growth and guidance
      in vivo.

PMID- 3392104
TI  - 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 increases the toxicity of hydrogen peroxide in the human
      monocytic line U937: the role of calcium and heat shock.
AB  - 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3) increases synthesis of heat shock
      proteins in monocytes and U937 cells and protects these cells from thermal
      injury. We examined whether 1,25-(OH)2D3 would also modulate the susceptibility
      of U937 cells to H2O2-induced oxidative stress. Cell viability was assessed by
      trypan blue exclusion and [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA. Prior incubation
      for 24 h with 1,25-(OH)2D3 (25 pM or higher) unexpectedly increased H2O2
      toxicity. Since cellular Ca2+ may be a mediator of cell injury we investigated
      effects of altering extracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]e) on 1,25-(OH)2D3-enhanced H2O2
      toxicity as well as effects of 1,25-(OH)2D3 and H2O2 on cytosolic free Ca2+
      concentration ([Ca2+]f). Basal [Ca2+]f in medium containing 1.5 mM Ca as
      determined by fura-2 fluorescence was higher in 1,25-(OH)2D3-pretreated cells
      than control cells (137 versus 112 nM, P less than 0.005). H2O2 induced a rapid
      increase in [Ca2+]f (to greater than 300 nM) in both 1,25-(OH)2D3-treated and
      control cells, which was prevented by a reduction in [Ca2+]e to less than basal
      [Ca2+]f. The 1,25(OH)2D3-induced increase in H2O2 toxicity was also prevented by
      preincubation with 1,25-(OH)2D3 in Ca2+-free medium or by exposing the cells to
      H2O2 in the presence of EGTA. Preexposure of cells to 45 degrees C for 20 min, 4
      h earlier, partially prevented the toxic effects of H2O2 particularly in 1,25
      (OH)2D3-treated cells, even in the presence of physiological levels of [Ca2+]e.
      Thus 1,25-(OH)2D3 potentiates H2O2-induced injury probably by increasing cellular
      Ca2+ stores. The 1,25-(OH)2D3-induced amplification of the heat shock response
      likely represents a mechanism for counteracting the Ca2+-associated enhanced
      susceptibility to oxidative injury due to 1,25-(OH)2D3.

PMID- 3392105
TI  - Protein kinase activity associated with stored messenger ribonucleoprotein
      particles of Xenopus oocytes.
AB  - As the oocytes of Xenopus laevis grow and develop they accumulate vast stores of
      mRNA for use during early embryogenesis. The stored mRNA is stabilized and may be
      prevented from being translated in oocytes by the binding of a defined set of
      oocyte-specific proteins to form messenger RNP (mRNP) particles. A key event in
      the interaction of protein with mRNA is the phosphorylation of those few
      polypeptides that bind directly to all classes of polyadenylated mRNA. In this
      study we show that the phosphorylating enzyme (protein kinase), in addition to
      its target phosphoproteins, is an integral component of the mRNP particles. This
      association extends through various stages in the formation and use of the mRNP
      particles. Examination of material from oocytes of an early developmental stage
      (early stage 1), when the level of accumulated mRNA is low, reveals an excess of
      protein particles free of RNA, sedimenting at 6-18 S, and containing protein
      kinase activity and mRNA-binding phosphoproteins. At stages of maximum rate of
      mRNA accumulation (stages 1 and 2), the phosphoproteins and kinase are found
      primarily in individual mRNP particles that sediment at 40-80 S. As ribosomes
      become abundant (stages 2 and 3), the mRNP particles tend to interact with
      ribosomal subunits, at least in vitro, to form blocked translation initiation
      complexes that sediment at 80-110 S. These results are compared with observation
      on stored mRNP in other developmental systems.

PMID- 3392107
TI  - Electrophoretic analysis of four high molecular weight sialoglycoproteins
      produced by metastatic human colon carcinoma cells.
AB  - We have found that polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in 3% gels in the presence
      of sodium dodecyl sulfate is suitable for the separation of cellular
      glycoproteins having molecular weights ranging from 200,000 to 1,000,000. The
      gels secured on a rigid support (Gelbond) allow blotting techniques with lectins
      and antibodies for the detection of glycoproteins. Using these methods we have
      separated lysates of HT-29 human colon carcinoma cells and detected at least four
      distinct high molecular weight sialoglycoproteins having molecular weights of
      900,000, 740,000, 560,000, and 450,000. The expression of the 900,000 component,
      as revealed by wheat germ agglutinin binding, was much higher in a subline of HT
      29 cells established from liver metastases in a nude mouse than it was in the
      parental cells. The relative intensity of wheat germ agglutinin binding to these
      four sialoglycoprotein components differs depending upon their growth phase in
      vitro. These glycoproteins were also detectable by the binding of peanut
      agglutinin, provided the glycoproteins were previously treated in the gels with
      mild acid to remove the sialic acid from their carbohydrate chains, suggesting
      that mucin-type carbohydrate chains are present on these glycoproteins. The same
      set of glycoproteins can be detected by metabolic labeling of the cells with
      [3H]glucosamine in tissue culture. Very similar glycoprotein profiles are
      revealed by metabolic labeling of fresh colon carcinoma tissues with
      [3H]glucosamine in vitro.

PMID- 3392106
TI  - A trypsin-sensitive receptor on membrane vesicles is required for nuclear
      envelope formation in vitro.
AB  - The reformation of functioning organelles at the end of mitosis presents a
      problem in vesicle targeting. Using extracts made from Xenopus laevis frog eggs,
      we have studied in vitro the vesicles that reform the nuclear envelope. In the in
      vitro assay, nuclear envelope growth is linear with time. Furthermore, the final
      surface area of the nuclear envelopes formed is directly dependent upon the
      amount of membrane vesicles added to the assay. Egg membrane vesicles could be
      fractionated into two populations, only one of which was competent for nuclear
      envelope assembly. We found that vesicles active in nuclear envelope assembly
      contained markers (BiP and alpha-glucosidase II) characteristic of the
      endoplasmic reticulum (ER), but that the majority of ER-derived vesicles do not
      contribute to nuclear envelope size. This functional distinction between nuclear
      vesicles and ER-derived vesicles implies that nuclear vesicles are unique and
      possess at least one factor required for envelope assembly that is lacking in
      other vesicles. Consistent with this, treatment of vesicles with trypsin
      destroyed their ability to form a nuclear envelope; electron microscopic studies
      indicate that the trypsin-sensitive proteins is required for vesicles to bind to
      chromatin. However, the protease-sensitive component(s) is resistant to
      treatments that disrupt protein-protein interactions, such as high salt, EDTA, or
      low ionic strength solutions. We propose that an integral membrane protein, or
      protein tightly associated with the membrane, is critical for nuclear vesicle
      targeting or function.

PMID- 3392109
TI  - Characterization of mono-, di-, and tri-O-acetylated sialic acids on human cells.
AB  - The presence of mono-, di-, and tri-O-acetylated sialic acids on human cells was
      demonstrated by using radiochromatographic and chemical techniques. Human
      melanoma cells and fresh colon tissue were biosynthetically labeled with 6- (3H)
      glucosamine. Radiolabeled sialic acids were hydrolytically removed from cellular
      glycoconjugates, purified by ion-exchange chromatography, and separated by paper
      chromatography on the basis of the number of O-substitutions on each sialic
      molecule. This analytical technique characterized radiolabeled sialic acids that
      migrated with the same Rf as synthetic mono-, di-, and tri-O-acetylated 14C
      labeled sialic acids. The mono-O-acetylated sialic acids were characterized by
      their sensitivity to sodium periodate oxidation and a crude mouse liver esterase
      preparation. The di- and tri-O-acetylated sialic acids were characterized by
      their resistance to sodium periodate oxidation and sensitivity to the action of
      crude mouse liver esterase. Chromatographically separated di- and tri-O
      acetylated sialic acids from normal human colon tissue were characterized by
      their respective ion molecular weights by using fast-atom bombardment-mass
      spectrometry. Using these methods, we chemically characterized mono, di-, and tri
      O-acetylated sialic acids expressed on human cells. Aberrant expression of O
      acetylated sialic acids was associated with adenocarcinoma of the colon, leading
      to a nearly complete loss of di- and tri-O-acetylated sialic acids.

PMID- 3392108
TI  - Analysis of cell surface glycoprotein changes related to hematopoietic
      differentiation.
AB  - A high-resolution technique has been used to study differentiation-related and
      leukemia-associated glycoproteins. Cells are labeled with the membrane
      impermeable probe sulfo-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl-biotin. Nonionic detergent extracts
      are subjected to affinity chromatography on a number of immobilized lectins and
      after polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS-PAGE) and
      western transfer, the biotin-labeled glycoproteins are visualized by using avidin
      horseradish peroxidase and 4-chloronaphthol. With the aid of the lectins
      concanavalin A, Dolichos biflouros agglutinin, Lens culinaris hemagglutinin,
      peanut agglutinin, pokeweed mitogen, Ricinus communus agglutinin I, soybean
      agglutinin, Ulex europeus agglutinin I (UEA), and wheat germ agglutinin, each
      purifies different glycoprotein subsets from the same cell type. Mature cells of
      distinct hematopoietic lineages differ considerably in their cell surface
      glycoprotein patterns. This technique was used to analyze the glycoproteins of
      human leukemia cells before and after the induction of differentiation. K562
      cells differentiated along different lineages after treatment with phorbol 12
      myristate 13-acetate, sodium butyrate, dimethyl sulfoxide, or hemin. Limited
      specific alterations were observed with a number of lectins when K562
      erythroleukemia cells were induced to differentiate. Among these, a number of
      bands were identified that were either lost or appeared after induction of
      differentiation with all four agents. In contrast, the glycoproteins bound by UEA
      were drastically diminished after induction of differentiation, and the remaining
      UEA-bound glycoproteins bore little resemblance to those of the cells before
      treatment. This high-resolution technique may be useful as a general method for
      the examination of cell surface glycoprotein differences. Once specific
      glycoprotein alterations are detected, lectin affinity chromatography and SDS
      PAGE allow purification of antigens for the production of monoclonal antibodies.

PMID- 3392111
TI  - Temporal evolution of regional energy metabolism following focal cerebral
      ischemia in the rat.
AB  - Focal cerebral ischemia in the rat was induced by occlusion of the left middle
      cerebral artery. The temporal evolution of regional energy metabolism was studied
      over the 14 days consequent to the induction of ischemia in the frontal,
      cingulate, parietal, and occipital cortices as well as in the striatum. Regional
      concentrations of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), phosphocreatine, and lactate and,
      in addition, glucose and the cerebral/plasma glucose ratio (C/P) were measured in
      the hemispheres both ipsilateral and contralateral to the occlusion. Two hours
      after middle cerebral artery occlusion, the biochemical changes were severe in
      the striatum and moderate in cortical regions. Later on (at 24 and 48 h), an
      overall aggravated metabolic status was noted while lactate declined and glucose
      markedly increased. These latter biochemical changes likely indicate a marked
      inhibition of the rate of glucose utilization. At 48 h, the energy reserves (ATP,
      phosphocreatine) of parietal cortex no longer equaled those of other cortical
      regions, but abruptly fell to the levels found in the striatum without any
      increase in lactate level. Finally, at 7 and 14 days, the levels of the various
      metabolites in most cortical regions returned toward control values, although
      signs of a depressed glucose metabolism remained. However, in both striatum and
      parietal cortex, ATP and phosphocreatine concentrations, although higher than
      those observed at 48 h, remained significantly decreased. Our present biochemical
      study permits the classification of these selected brain regions into three
      categories. First there are those that are outside the area of infarction: the
      frontal, cingulate, and occipital cortices. These regions show little temporal
      evolution of brain energy metabolism but, notwithstanding, they are regions in
      which glucose use would appear to be greatly depressed. Second is a region
      considered to be the focus of infarction: the striatum. The caudate-putamen is a
      region with early and profound metabolic disturbances with no final restitution.
      Last is the region of metabolic penumbra--the parietal cortex, in which there is
      a time-related exacerbation of the consequences of middle cerebral occlusion in
      the rat.

PMID- 3392110
TI  - Inhibition of metastatic potential by fucosidase: an NMR study identifies a cell
      surface metastasis marker.
AB  - NMR spectroscopy is able to detect subtle changes to the surface chemistry of
      cells. We have previously shown that high-resolution 1H NMR methods can identify
      tumor cells with the capacity to metastasize, and we now report that the long T2
      relaxation value (500-800 ms) observed in metastatic rat mammary adenocarcinoma
      cells is removed by treatment with fucosidase. Two-dimensional scalar-correlated
      NMR (COSY) spectra of fucosidase-treated cells show that a cross peak, consistent
      with scalar coupling between the methyl and methine groups on fucose and usually
      associated with malignancy and metastatic ability, is absent. Metastases were
      observed in only two out of ten rats injected subcutaneously with enzyme-treated
      cells compared to eight out of ten with untreated cells. NMR studies on isolated
      cellular lipids identified the long T2 relaxation value only in the ganglioside
      fraction. This fraction accounts for 51% of the total 14C-labelled fucose
      incorporated into the cells. We propose that fucogangliosides are an indicator of
      metastatic potential in rats. The observation that a cell surface metastasis
      marker has an NMR signal with a characteristically long relaxation value has
      important consequences for the future use of magnetic resonance imaging and
      spectroscopy in the cancer clinic.

PMID- 3392112
TI  - Focal brain ischemia in the rat: methods for reproducible neocortical infarction
      using tandem occlusion of the distal middle cerebral and ipsilateral common
      carotid arteries.
AB  - This article describes a 3-year experience with focal neocortical ischemia in
      three rat strains. Multiple groups of adult Wistar (n = 50), Fisher 344 (n = 31),
      and spontaneously hypertensive (n = 72) rats were subjected to permanent
      occlusion of the distal middle cerebral (MCA) and ipsilateral common carotid
      arteries (CCA). Twenty-four hours later the animals were killed, and frozen brain
      sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin to demarcate infarcted tissue.
      The infarct volume for each section was quantified with an image analyzer, and
      the total infarct volume was calculated with an iterative program that summed all
      interval volumes. Neocortical infarct volume was the largest and most
      reproducible in the spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Statistical power
      analysis to project the numbers of animals necessary to detect a 25 or 50% change
      in infarct volume with alpha = 0.05 and beta = 0.2 revealed that only the SHR
      model was practical in terms of requisite animals: i.e., less than 10 animals per
      group. Tandem occlusion of the distal MCA and ipsilateral CCA in the SHR strain
      provides a surgically simple method for causing large neocortical infarcts with
      reproducible topography and volume. The interanimal variability in infarct volume
      that occurs even in the SHR strain dictates that randomized, concomitant controls
      are necessary in each study to ensure the accurate assessment of experimental
      manipulations or pharmacologic therapies.

PMID- 3392113
TI  - Functional activation of cerebral blood flow and metabolism before and after
      global ischemia of rat brain.
AB  - The effect of somatosensory stimulation on the local CBF (LCBF), CMRglu
      (LCMRglu), tissue pH, and tissue content of ATP, glucose, and lactate was studied
      in chloralose-anesthetized rats before and after 30 min of near-complete
      forebrain ischemia. In nonischemic rats LCBF in primary somatosensory cortex
      increased by 33%, LCMRglu increased by 55%, tissue glucose content decreased by
      21%, and lactate increased by 30%. Local ATP and tissue pH did not change.
      Functional activation of the intact chloralose-anesthetized rat, in consequence,
      is associated with the stimulation of "aerobic" glycolysis but does not result in
      disturbances of energy or acid-base homeostasis. After 30-min ischemia and 3-h
      recirculation, somatosensory stimulation did not evoke any metabolic or
      hemodynamic alterations, although EEG and primary somatosensory evoked potentials
      recovered. The maintenance of normal energy state despite constant metabolic rate
      suggests that the postischemic generation of evoked potentials does not require
      measurable amounts of energy. Stimulation of glycolysis in the intact animal,
      therefore, may serve other purposes than fueling the energy requirements of
      evoked cortical activity.

PMID- 3392114
TI  - Regional cerebral glucose utilization transiently increases during mild hypoxia.
AB  - Regional cerebral glucose utilization (rCMRglu) was studied during mild hypoxic
      hypoxia in awake free-ranging rats. Rats were prepared with chronic arterial and
      venous catheters and placed in individual chambers for 4 days to recover from
      surgery before the experiments. The catheters were accessible by passing them
      through the top of the chambers. Hypoxia was induced by filling the chambers with
      a gas mixture consisting of 11% O2 in a balance of N2. Regional CMRglu and
      physiological parameters were measured in normoxic controls and in rats that had
      been hypoxic for 2 and 17 min before beginning the measurements. Regional CMRglu
      was measured in 17 brain regions using [6-14C]glucose. PaO2 decreased from 88 mm
      Hg in the controls to approximately 40 mm Hg during hypoxia. In the early stages
      of hypoxia (2-12 min), rCMRglu increased approximately 10-25% above the control
      rates. In later stages of hypoxia (17-27 min), rCMRglu was not different from
      that in the normoxic controls. The increase in rCMRglu in the early hypoxia was
      not blocked by propranolol (1.4 mg/kg), indicating that beta-adrenergic receptors
      were not involved with the increase in rCMRglu. It was concluded that mild
      hypoxia is associated with an increased rate of cerebral glucose utilization;
      however, the increase is transitory, with glucose utilization returning to
      control rates before 17 min.

PMID- 3392115
TI  - Cerebrovascular and cerebrometabolic effects of intracarotid infused platelet
      activating factor in rats.
AB  - Platelet-activating factor has been implicated in a variety of disease processes
      including ischemic brain injury and endotoxic shock, but its effects on cerebral
      blood flow (CBF) and metabolism in normal brain have not been described. The
      effects of platelet-activating factor on global CBF (hydrogen clearance) and the
      global cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen (CMRO2) were studied in halothane-N2O
      anesthetized Wistar rats. Hexadecyl-platelet-activating factor infused into the
      right carotid artery (67 pmol/min) for 60 min decreased mean arterial pressure
      (MAP) from 122 +/- 4 (x +/- SEM) to 77 +/- 6 mm Hg and CBF from 159 +/- 12 to 116
      +/- 14 ml/100 g/min (p less than 0.002). In contrast, CMRO2 increased from 9.7 +/
      0.9 to 11.7 +/- 1.1 ml/100 g/min after 15 min (p less than 0.05). In controls
      rendered similarly hypotensive by blood withdrawal and infused with the platelet
      activating factor vehicle, CMRO2 was unchanged, whereas CBF transiently decreased
      then returned to baseline at 60 min. These cerebrovascular and cerebrometabolic
      effects of PAF are reminiscent of and may be relevant to hypoperfusion and
      hypermetabolism observed after global brain ischemia and in endotoxic shock.

PMID- 3392116
TI  - Ischemic brain edema and the osmotic gradient between blood and brain.
AB  - The relationship of the osmotic pressure gradient between blood and brain, and
      the development of ischemic brain edema was studied. Focal cerebral ischemia was
      produced by left middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. Brain osmolality was
      determined with a vapor pressure osmometer, brain water content by wet-dry
      weight, and tissue sodium and potassium contents by flame photometry.
      Permeability of the BBB was tested by Evans blue. Measurements were made from the
      ischemic cortex within 14 days of occlusion. Brain osmolality increased from 311
      +/- 2 to 329 +/- 2 mOsm/kg by 6 h after occlusion. Serum osmolality did not
      change significantly. The osmotic gradient between blood and brain peaked at
      approximately 26 mOsm/kg. Brain osmolality then decreased to 310 +/- 2 mOsm/kg by
      12 h after occlusion and remained at about that same level. Water content
      increased progressively within 1 day of occlusion, then gradually decreased by 14
      days. Brain tissue sodium plus potassium content did not increase within 6 h of
      occlusion, and Evans blue extravasation was not seen within that time. These
      findings indicate that an osmotic pressure gradient contributes to the formation
      of edema only during the early stage of cerebral ischemia. Furthermore, the
      increase in brain osmolality is not related to tissue electrolyte change or BBB
      disruption to protein.

PMID- 3392117
TI  - Comparison of cerebral glucose metabolic rates measured with fluorodeoxyglucose
      and glucose labeled in the 1, 2, 3-4, and 6 positions using double label
      quantitative digital autoradiography.
AB  - We compared local cerebral glucose metabolic rates (LCMRglu) that were determined
      with [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and [14C]glucose labeled in the 1, 2, 3-4, and
      6 positions. Double label digital autoradiography was used with published kinetic
      models to determine LCMRglu for FDG and glucose in the same animals. Glucose
      showed metabolic rate dependent underestimation of LCMRglu compared to FDG, which
      worsened with increasing experimental times. The least underestimation occurred
      with glucose labeled in the 6 position at 6 min, reaching 10% in areas of high
      metabolism. Labeling in the 1 position, the 2 position and the 3-4 position
      caused progressively worse underestimation at all times. In addition, some
      structures showed differences not directly related to metabolic rate, indicating
      regional variations in relationships between individual kinetic constants of FDG
      and glucose.

PMID- 3392118
TI  - The transfer coefficients for L-valine and the rate of incorporation of L-[1-14C]
      valine into proteins in normal adult rat brain.
AB  - An autoradiographic method for the measurement of the rate of valine
      incorporation into brain proteins is described. The transfer coefficients for
      valine into and out of the brain and the rate of valine incorporation into normal
      rat brain proteins are given. The valine incorporation and the transfer constants
      of valine between different biological compartments are provided for 14 gray
      matter and 2 white matter structures of an adult rat brain. The rate of valine
      incorporation varies between 0.52 +/- 0.19 nmol/g/min in white matter and 1.94 +/
      0.47 in inferior colliculus (gray matter). Generally, the rate of valine
      incorporation is about three to four times higher in the gray matter than in the
      white matter structures.

PMID- 3392120
TI  - Effects of cerebral ischemia and reperfusion on prostanoid accumulation in
      unanesthetized and pentobarbital-treated gerbils.
AB  - Cerebral ischemia was induced in unanesthetized gerbils using bilateral carotid
      artery ligations. The effects of 20 min of global ischemia on the concentrations
      of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha), PGE2, 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6
      keto-PGF1 alpha), and thromboxane B2 were determined after 0-24 h of reperfusion.
      Ischemia had little effect on eicosanoid production, but significant increases
      were observed by 5 min of reperfusion, with maximal levels reached by 15 min of
      reperfusion. PGF2 alpha was the most concentrated prostaglandin in postischemic
      brain, whereas PGE2 was most concentrated in control cerebra. Pretreatment with
      anesthetic doses of pentobarbital supported increased accumulation of PGF2 alpha
      in postischemic cerebra, increased accumulation of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha during the
      ischemic episode, and decreased accumulation of PGE2 at 120 min of reperfusion.
      It appears that the protective effects of barbiturate anesthesia are not
      expressed by the reduced accumulation of the above eicosanoids.

PMID- 3392121
TI  - Method for clustering proteins by use of all possible pairs of amino acids as
      structural descriptors.
AB  - Proteins were represented as vectors, of which components were all possible pairs
      of amino acids. From a distance matrix between any pairs of proteins thus
      represented, several clusters corresponding to connected components were
      generated. Application of this method to three different sets of proteins showed
      that it was suitable for clustering closely related proteins with respect to the
      sequential similarity defined by Dayhoff.

PMID- 3392119
TI  - Immunohistochemical demonstration of vasopressin nerve fibers in the cerebral
      artery.
AB  - Vasopressin-immunoreactive nerve fibers were demonstrated in the cerebral pial
      arteries by peroxidase immunohistochemistry. In the large pial artery (proximal
      part of the middle cerebral artery), they ran longitudinally to the long axis of
      the vessel. They ran in a spiral pattern in the distal part of the middle
      cerebral artery. Even in small arteries, vasopressin nerve fibers were found
      arranged in a longitudinal fashion. The present morphological data suggest that
      vasopressin nerve fibers in the cerebral artery may play a role in cerebral
      circulation.

PMID- 3392122
TI  - Structure generation by reduction: a new strategy for computer-assisted structure
      elucidation.
AB  - A problem common to computer programs for structure elucidation is the efficient
      and prospective use of the input information to constrain the structure
      generation process. The input may consist of potentially overlapping substructure
      requirements and alternative substructure interpretations of spectral data. Other
      useful information may be structural features that must not be present in the
      output structures. All of these may interact in a complex manner that is
      impossible to determine by use of a bond-by-bond structure assembly algorithm. A
      new method is described called structure reduction. In contrast to structure
      assembly, this method begins with a set of all bonds and removes inconsistent
      bonds as structure generation progresses. This results in a more efficient use of
      the input information and the ability to use potentially overlapping required
      substructures. Several examples illustrate the application of our computer
      program COCOA, which uses this method to solve real-world structure elucidation
      problems.

PMID- 3392123
TI  - Simultaneous high-pressure liquid chromatographic analysis of ampicillin and
      cloxacillin in serum and urine.
AB  - A rapid, specific and sensitive high pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assay
      for the simultaneous determination of ampicillin and cloxacillin in serum and
      urine is developed. Ampicillin, cloxacillin and cephalexin (internal standard)
      were eluted from a 6.5 mu Synchropack RPP reversed phase column at ambient
      temperature using a mobile phase comprised of methanol:water (3/7v/v) and
      containing 0.011 M sodium-n-octane sulphonate, 0.005 M NaH2PO4 and 1.3% v/v of
      0.5 M HCl (pH 2.7). The analysis time required no longer than 11 min. Equations
      are presented for the linear relationships between the peak height ratios of
      ampicillin/cephalexin and cloxacillin/cephalexin over the range 10-80
      micrograms/ml (ampicillin) and 5-25 micrograms/ml (cloxacillin), respectively.
      The sensitivity limits for ampicillin and cloxacillin in serum and urine were 5
      micrograms/ml and 1 microgram/ml, respectively. Quality criteria such as
      accuracy, precision and specificity were studied extensively. We investigated the
      applicability of the HPLC assay for the developed simultaneous determination of
      the cumulative amounts of ampicillin and cloxacillin, excreted unchanged in urine
      after an oral dose containing 500 mg ampicillin and 500 mg cloxacillin to a human
      volunteer.

PMID- 3392124
TI  - High performance liquid chromatographic analysis of caffeine concentrations in
      plasma and saliva.
AB  - A rapid high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the analysis of
      caffeine in plasma and saliva is described. Samples of saliva and plasma were
      purified using zinc sulphate solution as protein precipitant. The supernatant was
      injected directly onto the column. The mobile phase consisted of ammonium acetate
      buffer:acetonitrile:methanol (82:15:3, v/v). Measurements were carried out at 254
      nm. Acetanilide was used as the internal standard and analysis was completed in
      10 min. No interference from endogenous components or other methylxanthines was
      observed. The coefficients of variation for within day and between day analysis
      for both saliva and plasma were less than 7.66%. Samples were collected from 20
      volunteers. The correlation coefficient between plasma and saliva caffeine
      concentrations was found to be 0.98.

PMID- 3392126
TI  - Densitometric analysis in in vivo evaluation of synthetic salmon calcitonin
      activity.
AB  - In women suffering from post-menopausal osteoporosis, we evaluated the
      effectiveness of two cyclic treatments with synthetic salmon calcitonin over a
      whole year, using an average daily dose of 16 and 32 IU, respectively. This
      treatment was compared with treatment with oral calcium carbonate. The results,
      evaluated by peripheral densitometry of the radius, showed a 3.2% loss of bone
      mineral content (BMC) in the women treated only with calcium carbonate, a loss of
      1% in those treated with an average dose of 16 IU/day of calcitonin and an
      increase of 4% in the women treated with an average dose of 32 IU/day (an
      increase just above the statistically significant limit using the paired t-test).
      An average dose of 32 IU/day probably represents the minimum effective dose of
      calcitonin required to produce a significant increase in bone mineral mass, when
      used according to a sequential scheme.

PMID- 3392125
TI  - Cephradine and flucloxacillin in the prophylaxis of infection in patients with
      open fractures.
AB  - A comparison of prophylactic antibiotic cover of cephradine or flucloxacillin in
      sixty patients with open fractures is reported. There were more infections in the
      flucloxacillin than in the cephradine group and gastrointestinal side-effects
      were more common. The overall incidence of infection in the whole group, two out
      of 60 or 3.3%, was acceptably low.

PMID- 3392127
TI  - Risk factors for inadequate use of pressurized aerosol inhalers.
AB  - We studied 86 patients to determine the sources of error in patient use of
      pressurized aerosol inhalers (PAIs), the risk factors for poor technique, and the
      effect of instruction of patients on PAI technique. Patients were assessed before
      and after instruction using a standard procedure. Critical initial assessment
      showed that 31% of patients had an adequate technique. Seventy-five patients were
      reassessed after instruction, and 72% of these were determined to be adequate
      users. The most common errors were failure to breath-hold after-inhalation,
      failure to exhale prior to inhalation, and poor coordination of aerosol
      administration with the start of inhalation. Elderly patients were consistently
      poor users. Technique improved with more PAIs being used, but duration of PAI use
      was not a significant factor.

PMID- 3392128
TI  - Correlation between predicted and measured digoxin serum concentrations.
AB  - Measurement of digoxin serum concentration can be useful as a direct guide to the
      dose appropriate to individual patients. Therefore, we have attempted to predict
      digoxin serum concentration in 62 patients with a wide range of body weight, age
      and renal function, using creatinine clearance and individual digoxin dose.
      Creatinine clearance in each patient was determined by the Cockroft and Gault
      method (1). Digoxin clearance was determined by Scheiner's method (2). Once
      digoxin clearance was determined, the predicted steady-state serum concentration
      was calculated using general pharmacokinetic principles. Each patient was on
      digoxin therapy for at least 1 month. Digoxin serum concentration was measured by
      the newly developed fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA). A linear
      regression analysis was performed on the data from the predicted and measured
      serum level which yielded a slope of 0.9463, intercept of 0.0950 and a
      correlation coefficient (r) of 0.9600. The method was found to be very useful to
      predict digoxin serum levels in overdosed and underdosed patients.

PMID- 3392129
TI  - Chemical stabilities of isoetharine hydrochloride, metaproterenol sulphate and
      terbutaline sulphate after mixing with normal saline for respiratory therapy.
AB  - The chemical stabilities of isoetharine hydrochloride inhalation solution,
      metaproterenol sulphate inhalation solution and terbutaline sulphate injection,
      after diluting 1 in 10 with sodium chloride 0.9% injection were studied. On
      storing the solutions in amber-coloured syringes, they were stable for at least
      120 days at 5 degrees C. At 25 degrees C they were also stable for 120 days
      except that isoetharine solution discoloured and lost 7.8% of its potency after
      90 days of storage. There was a new peak in the chromatogram from the
      decomposition product. All other solutions remained clear for 120 days at both
      temperatures. The initial and final pH values were similar except that after 120
      days at both temperatures. The initial and final pH values were similar except
      that after 120 days at 25 degrees C, the pH value of terbutaline solution had
      increased from 4.9 to 5.4.

PMID- 3392130
TI  - [Arolla index. A study of 88 cases of frostbite during a high-mountain race].
AB  - A sudden change in meteorological conditions provoked frostbite in 88 competitors
      in a high mountain race, 31 lesions being of 1st degree, 38 of superficial 2nd
      degree, 12 of deep 2nd degree and 7 of 3rd degree severity. Etiology,
      localization, treatment and outcome of the lesions are discussed. The precise
      knowledge of weather conditions and position of patrols over the length of the
      course enabled intensity of cold exposure to be related to onset of frostbite: an
      index termed "Arolla" is proposed which in contrast to the windchill index allows
      for exposure time. Distribution of patrols using standardized equipment allowed
      determination of importance of individual factors: the latter is considerable.
      Medical care in high mountain situations is commented upon.

PMID- 3392131
TI  - [Leiomyosarcoma of the anal canal].
AB  - Leiomyosarcoma originating in the anal canal internal sphincter is an extremely
      rare malignant tumor of often late diagnosis, since usually asymptomatic, and
      with malignancy criteria that are sometimes difficult to define. These tumors
      affect men and women with equal frequency, usually in the 6 th decade. Two cases
      are reported in patients aged 67 and 65 respectively in whom the tumor was
      revealed by a painful perianal mass shown on rectoscopy to be due to a submucous
      tumor projecting into anal canal, Prognosis and treatment of these tumors is
      discussed, diagnosis being confirmed only after excision biopsy. Tumoral
      extension was both local and regional by continuity but blood dissemination had
      occurred with metastases more frequently in liver (1 case) but also in lungs.
      Glandular extension was exceptional. Limited local exeresis of small tumors
      appears justified if sufficiently wide, since malignancy of leiomyosarcoma
      appears to remain circumscribed over long periods. However, this limited
      procedure runs the risk of local recurrence with the need for abdominoperineal
      amputation (the case in the 2 patients reported), although long-term results
      appear to be similar whether excision is or is not extensive, the
      abdominoperineal amputation failing to avoid the unfavorable course.
      Complementary radiotherapy or chemotherapy is ineffective, and prognosis is
      related more to the degree of tumoral differentiation than to the operative
      treatment itself.

PMID- 3392132
TI  - [190 cancers of the thyroid with a follow-up of more than 5 years].
AB  - Outcome in 190 patients operated upon by first intention for thyroid cancer is
      analyzed after follow up over more than 5 years. No deaths due to cancer occurred
      in 57 cases of papillary cancer, but 7 cases presented pulmonary metastases,
      while the global-5-year survival rate in 63 cases of vesicular cancer (including
      25% with preoperative metastases) was 60%. In the absence of preoperative
      metastases, ans if well differentiated forms are separated from moderately
      differentiated forms, the respective 5-year survivals were 88 and 45%. The 1-year
      survival rate for the 42 cases of anaplastic cancer was 15%, while the 5-year
      rate for 15 cases of medullary cancer was 80%.

PMID- 3392134
TI  - [Splenectomy in the treatment of idiopathic thrombopenic purpura in adults.
      Apropos of 43 cases].
AB  - Case reports of 43 patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)
      operated upon from 1975 up to the present were analyzed. After revision of
      therapeutic indications the predictive prognostic factors for splenectomy,
      essentially the initial response to corticotherapy, were studied. Findings
      indicated that splenectomy is effective treatment for ITP since permanent total
      remissions were obtained in 76% with a morbidity of 16% and a mortality of 2%.
      Emphasis is placed on the need for minute pre-, intra- and post-operative
      precautions.

PMID- 3392133
TI  - [Mortality in a general surgery department of a University Hospital Center. A
      study during 1985: 1409 surgically treated cases, 45 postoperative deaths].
AB  - In 1985, 1409 consecutive patients underwent surgery in one surgical Professorial
      Unit of Lille (France). 45 (3.2%) died post-operatively: 28 (62%) were more than
      70 years of age, 23 (50%) died after emergency procedure and 18 (40%) died in
      sepsis. Nothwerthy in retrospect, 20 (44%) died after surgical indication or
      procedure of questionable legitimacy. Preoperative appraisal of the surgical risk
      is still challenging nowadays but conclusions drawn from those charts should
      avoid identical outcome in similar patients.

PMID- 3392135
TI  - [Perineal gangrene secondary to abscesses of the anal margin. Apropos of 9
      cases].
AB  - Of 9 patients with perineal gangrene secondary to abscess of anal margin, 7
      presented deficiency states. Diagnosis was established after an average of 7.4
      days following onset of signs, although the clinical picture was obvious and the
      lesions extended beyond the perineum towards the genital organs, buttocks or
      thigh. Essential therapy consisted of antibiotic cover, immediate and repeated
      surgical excision (average number of operations per patient = 6) and stools
      bypass by colostomy for severe perineal lesions. This resolutely aggressive
      treatment reduced mortality of this reputedly serious affection to 2 cases (22%),
      but morbidity was high and a perineoplasty was necessary in a third of the
      patients.

PMID- 3392136
TI  - [Combined volvulus of the sigmoid and the small intestine (physiopathology)].
AB  - The physiopathology of combined volvulus of sigmoid and small intestine is
      discussed. In many cases a half-knot is involved, that is to say a "key" between
      the two ileal and sigmoid loops, difficult to describe with words but easy to
      understand by the use of a diagram and radiologic and intraoperative images of
      lesions, of possible assistance when releasing the loops or determining site of
      section of foot of occluded loops. Of 116 cases of sigmoid volvulus treated in
      the Treihville hospital, Abidjan between 1972 and 1983, eleven were associated
      with small intestine volvulus. Of these 11 cases, 9 were treated by emergency
      ideal colectomy and small intestine resection, with 3 deaths, and 2 by emergency
      ideal colectomy and small intestine reintegration, with 2 deaths. Operative
      mortality was therefore high (45%), global mortality being 24%. This is inherent
      in underdeveloped surgical units and will certainly improve greatly as hospital
      standing improves.

PMID- 3392137
TI  - [Gastric adenocarcinoma or lymphoma? Retrospective histologic diagnosis apropos
      of a case].

PMID- 3392138
TI  - Gas chromatographic studies of the carbamylation of haemoglobin by methyl
      isocyanate in rats and rabbits.
AB  - Carbamylation of the N-terminal valine of haemoglobin with methyl isocyanate in
      rats and rabbits has been demonstrated in vitro and in vivo by gas
      chromatography. N-Methylcarbamylated haemoglobin, converted by cyclization into 3
      methyl-5-isopropylhydantoin, has been quantified by gas chromatography. Standard
      hydantoin was synthesized, chemically characterized and used for calibration. The
      method is simple and reliable in the concentration range 0.06-2 nmol.
      Carbamylation of haemoglobin by methyl isocyanate in vivo in rats can be
      identified only above a dose of 1.05 mg/l in inhalation exposures. It is inferred
      that methyl isocyanate in the "active" form crosses the alveolar and erythrocyte
      membranes and carbamylates the haemoglobin.

PMID- 3392139
TI  - Demonstration of the adenosine reservoirs with nitrobenzylthioinosine in liver
      and diaphragm by high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - Purine nucleotides, nucleosides, nucleobases, dinucleotides and nucleosides
      derivatives from acid-extracted rat liver and diaphragm were separated and
      quantitated by reversed-phase ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography
      with a mobile phase composed of 90 mM potassium phosphate, 15 mM
      tetrabutylammonium hydroxide and a 1-30% methanol gradient. During 5 min of
      ischemia, adenine and guanine nucleotides decreased along with significant
      declines in NAD and increases in adenosine, inosine, hypoxanthine, xanthine, NADP
      and adenylosuccinate. Nitrobenzylthioinosine by gavage (5 mg/kg per day for five
      days) increased adenosine levels but without any alteration in nucleobase levels.
      Adenosine was shuttled to every available intracellular reservoir which included
      in declining order of magnitude GDP greater than adenosylhomocysteine greater
      than adenosine greater than ADP greater than AMP greater than IMP = XMP = GMP.

PMID- 3392140
TI  - Study of the derivatization of n-alkylamines with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene in
      the presence of aqueous cetyltrimethylammonium bromide micelles.
AB  - The use of aqueous cetyltrimethylammonium bromide micelles in the derivatization
      of n-alkylamines with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene was investigated
      systematically. The rate constants of derivatization of the n-alkylamines (C1-C8)
      were analysed using liquid chromatography. Up to butylamine the micellar rate
      enhancement depends on the electrostatic interactions between the amines and
      cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, and beyond C4 it depends mainly on the
      hydrophobic interactions. The reaction rates are also enhanced by a micelle
      induced decrease of the pKa of the amines, but to a lesser extent. The
      derivatization rates for the longer alkylamines are comparable with those in
      dipolar aprotic solvents. Pharmaceutical and biomedical science is likely to
      benefit from the use of micellar systems in pre-column derivatization reactions
      in aqueous solutions.

PMID- 3392142
TI  - Determination of 2,3-dihydro-6-[3-(2-hydroxymethyl)phenyl-2-propenyl]-5
      benzofuranol in plasma using liquid chromatography with electrochemical
      detection.
AB  - A reversed-phase column liquid chromatographic (LC) method with electrochemical
      detection (ED) is described for the quantification of 2,3-dihydro-6-[3-(2
      hydroxymethyl)phenyl-2-propenyl]-5-benzofuranol (compound 1), a new locally
      active dual inhibitor of leukotriene and prostaglandin synthesis, in plasma.
      After a single liquid-liquid extraction of the biological specimen, the extract
      was analyzed using a liquid chromatograph with an amperometric detector set at an
      oxidation potential of +0.55 V. The resulting chromatograms are free from
      endogenous interference and the limit of detection is 0.2 ng/ml. Several other
      analogous dihydrobenzofuranols were shown to be electrochemically active,
      permitting their determination using LC with ED. The described analytical method
      has been fully validated in the concentration range 0.5-20 ng/ml of plasma and
      utilized in the analysis of plasma samples from human clinical studies. The
      analytical methodology has also been adapted for analysis of compound 1 in human
      skin blister fluid after topical administration of 1.

PMID- 3392141
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic separation and electrochemical or
      spectrophotometric determination of R(-)N-n-propylnorapomorphine and R(-)10,11
      methylenedioxy-N-n-propylnoraporphine in primate plasma.
AB  - The dopamine receptor agonist R(-)N-n-propylnorapomorphine (NPA) and its proposed
      pro-drug R(-)10,11-methylenedioxy-N-n-propylnoraporphine (MDO-NPA) were isolated
      simultaneously from monkey plasma using a solid-phase extraction procedure. R(
      )Apomorphine (APO) and R(-)10,11-methylenedioxyaporphine (MDO-APO) were added as
      internal standards, and separation and quantification were by high-performance
      liquid chromatography with electrochemical or ultraviolet detection of the free
      catechol and MDO compounds, respectively. The detection limits for NPA and MDO
      NPA in plasma were 0.5 and 10 ng/ml and the coefficient of variation (S.D./mean)
      within assays and between days of assays for both drugs was 5.6% or less.
      Quantification of plasma levels of NPA and MDO-NPA was possible at ranges of 2
      1000 and 40-5000 ng/ml, respectively, including concentrations found after
      intravenous administration of these agents.

PMID- 3392143
TI  - Simultaneous determination of R- and S-prenylamine in plasma and urine by
      reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of R- and
      S-prenylamine in human plasma and urine is described. It involves a two-step
      liquid-liquid extraction of prenylamine from biological material and preparation
      of diastereomeric urea derivatives with R-(-)-naphthylethyl isocyanate, a chiral
      fluorescence marker. Separation and quantitation of the diastereomeric
      prenylamine derivatives are carried out by a reversed-phase high-performance
      liquid chromatographic system with fluorimetric detection. The limit of
      determination is less than 2 ng of enantiomer per ml of urine and less than 1 ng
      of enantiomer per ml of plasma. A preliminary kinetic study on one healthy
      volunteer who had received a single oral dose of racemic prenylamine (100-mg film
      tablet) showed distinctly higher plasma and urine concentrations of the R
      enantiomer.

PMID- 3392144
TI  - Complete separation of urinary metabolites of paracetamol and substituted
      paracetamols by reversed-phase ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic procedure has been
      developed for the separation of thirteen urinary metabolites of the analgesic
      drug paracetamol. The method involved the use of radially compressed columns
      packed with octadecylsilica with a particle diameter of 5 micron. Metabolites
      were chromatographed by linear gradient elution using an ion-pair solvent system
      composed of tetrabutylammonium hydroxide and Tris buffered to pH 5.0 with
      phosphoric acid, and acetonitrile as the organic solvent. Analyses can be
      performed at the rate of three per hour. This method enables the direct
      identification of sulphate and glucuronide conjugates of 3-thiomethylparacetamol
      and 3-thiomethylparacetamol sulphoxide which have only previously been detected
      following enzyme hydrolysis of urine samples. The application of this fully
      optimised separation to the study of the metabolism of substituted paracetamols
      is also discussed.

PMID- 3392145
TI  - Microbore liquid chromatographic determination of cadralazine and cephalexin in
      plasma with large-volume injection.
AB  - The application of microbore systems (15 cm X 1 mm I.D. columns filled with
      Nucleosil C18, 5 microns particle size) to the determination of cephalexin and
      cadralazine in plasma was investigated. Factors such as mobile phase flow-rate,
      detector flow-cell volume and injection volume were examined with regard to the
      needs of routine drug analysis. Mobile phase flow-rates of 50-60 microliters/min
      were used. A flow cell with an optical path length of 6 mm and an intermediary
      volume (2.4 microliters) was selected for UV detection in order to obtain
      sufficient sensitivity. Large volumes of non-eluting solvent containing the drug
      were injected on the column. The addition of an ion-pairing reagent to samples
      containing cephalexin and cefroxadin prior to the injection was found to improve
      the chromatographic performance. The blood sample size required for analysis with
      microbore columns was smaller than that with conventional columns. The analysis
      time was similar and the limit of quantitation was also similar, provided that
      large sample volumes were injected on the microbore column.

PMID- 3392146
TI  - Microassay of free 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol in plasma using high
      performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection.

PMID- 3392147
TI  - Specific high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of
      creatinine in rat plasma.

PMID- 3392148
TI  - Fluorimetric determination of urinary delta-aminolevulinic acid by high
      performance liquid chromatography and post-column derivatization.

PMID- 3392149
TI  - Human platelet glycocalicin purification by phenyl boronate affinity
      chromatography coupled to anion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 3392150
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatography of selenium in biological samples.

PMID- 3392151
TI  - Measurement of alphaprodine by selected-ion monitoring.

PMID- 3392152
TI  - Gas chromatographic and mass spectral study of synthetic corticosteroid
      metabolism: fluorometholone.

PMID- 3392153
TI  - Sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of
      pseudoephedrine in plasma and urine.

PMID- 3392154
TI  - Determination of rifampicin and its main metabolites in human plasma by high
      performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 3392155
TI  - Enantiomeric analysis of a new anti-inflammatory agent in rat plasma using a
      chiral beta-cyclodextrin stationary phase.

PMID- 3392156
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic assay of trans-(-)-5,5a,6,7,8,9,9a,10
      octahydro-6-propylpyrimido[4,5-g] quinolin-2-amine dihydrochloride (LY163502), a
      potent D-2 agonist, in plasma.

PMID- 3392157
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic assay of flunarizine, (E)-1-[bis(4
      fluorophenyl)methyl]-4-(3-phenyl-2-propenyl)piperazine, in plasma of epileptic
      patients.

PMID- 3392158
TI  - Simultaneous determination of phenytoin and phenobarbital in human serum by
      electrochemical immunoassay combined with high-performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 3392159
TI  - Misuse of the term "detergent".

PMID- 3392160
TI  - Solubilization of luteinizing hormone receptor from human corpora lutea in a
      stable form and identification of the hormone-binding unit by ligand blotting.
AB  - LH receptors were solubilized from human corpora lutea in phosphate-buffered
      saline containing 1% Triton X-100, 20% glycerol, and protease inhibitors. The
      presence of 20% (vol/vol) glycerol was necessary for quantitative preservation of
      [125I]hCG-binding activity in detergent solution. The solubilized receptors were
      stable for several weeks at -20 C and at -80 C and for at least 18 h at 4 C.
      Binding of [125I]hCG to the soluble LH receptors was time and temperature
      dependent and varied linearly with the amount of soluble protein. Equilibrium
      binding studies revealed a single class of high affinity [125I]hCG-binding sites
      with an equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd) of 4.3 x 10(-10) mol/L (at 20 C).
      The molecular size of the human LH receptors was analyzed by ligand blotting.
      Solubilized receptors were subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis under nonreducing conditions and transferred to nitrocellulose.
      Incubation of the protein blot with [125I]hCG to the 85/90K mol wt species was
      inhibited by unlabeled hCG. These results indicate that LH receptors can be
      solubilized in nonionic detergent while maintaining their hormone-binding
      activity and demonstrate that the receptors contain 85/90K hormone-binding
      species.

PMID- 3392162
TI  - Effect of exercise on the disposal of infused ketone bodies in humans.
AB  - We previously reported that the stimulatory effect of exercise on the metabolic
      clearance of ketone bodies in postabsorptive subjects is abolished when plasma
      ketone body concentrations are elevated above 4 mmol/L by prior fasting. In this
      study we determined whether this process is related to fasting or to
      hyperketonemia itself. Eight normal postabsorptive subjects were rendered
      artificially hyperketonemic (approximately 6 mmol/L) by a constant infusion of
      acetoacetate and exercised moderately for 2 h. The kinetics of ketone bodies were
      determined with [14C]acetoacetate or beta-[14C]hydroxybutyrate. The metabolic
      clearance was slightly increased (approximately 25%) at the beginning of
      exercise, but this phenomenon was subsequently amplified by the progressive fall
      in ketonemia, which decreased to about 4 mmol/L at the end of exercise. Taking
      into account the fact that the metabolic clearance of ketones is inversely
      related to their concentration, it could be estimated that the direct effect of
      exercise on the metabolic clearance is negligible. Thus, the inability of
      exercise to enhance the metabolic clearance of ketones at high physiological
      plasma ketone levels is a general phenomenon that applies to both endogenous and
      exogenous ketosis.

PMID- 3392161
TI  - Progressive increase in nonsex hormone-binding globulin-bound testosterone and
      estradiol from infancy to late prepuberty in girls.
AB  - We previously reported that serum sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) decreases
      and serum non-SHBG-bound testosterone (T) increases with age in normal
      prepubertal boys from infancy to late prepuberty. In this study we measured serum
      SHBG, T, estradiol (E2), and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DS), and we
      calculated serum non-SHBG-bound T and E2 and free T and E2 in 22 normal
      prepubertal girls, aged 1-9.4 yr. The girls were divided into 3 groups of
      different ages: group A, 1.7 +/- 1.0 (mean +/- SE) yr; group B, 4.6 +/- 0.8 yr;
      and group C, 7.3 +/- 0.8 yr. In group C, mean serum SHBG level was lower, and
      serum T, non-SHBG-bound T, free T, DS, total E2, non-SHBG-bound E2, and free E2
      were higher than in group A or B. Furthermore, a negative correlation was found
      between serum SHBG and age [y(nmol/L) = 144 - 9.07 x (yr); r = 0.57; P less than
      0.001], while positive correlations were found between non-SHBG-bound T and age
      [y(nmol/L = 0.043 + 0.023 x (yr); r = 0.68; P less than 0.001], non-SHBG-bound E2
      and age [y(pmol/L) = 0.69 + 2.82 x (yr); r = 0.6; P less than 0.001], and DS and
      age [y(nmol/L) = 25.2 + 63.8 x (yr); r = 0.59, P less than 0.001]. In a group of
      19 normal age-matched prepubertal boys, we also found a significant correlation
      between non-SHBG-bound E2 and age. Since non-SHBG-bound sex hormone levels are
      good indicators of tissue available sex hormones, we conclude that in prepubertal
      girls, there is a progressive increase in the exposure of peripheral tissues to T
      and E2 with advancing age. Since sex hormones enhance tissue maturation, these
      increments might play a role in the somatic and psychic development of girls
      before the onset of the clinical signs of puberty.

PMID- 3392163
TI  - Androgen and estrogen dynamics in pre- and postmenopausal women: a comparison
      between smokers and nonsmokers.
AB  - To determine whether smoking affects androgen and estrogen production and
      metabolism we measured the MCRs, production rates (PB), androgen and estrogen
      interconversions, and percent peripheral aromatization in 88 pre- and
      postmenopausal women grouped as smokers or nonsmokers. These women were
      participating in an on-going study to determine the relationship between androgen
      and estrogen dynamics and osteoporosis. The dynamic measurements were done using
      constant infusions of [3H] androgen and [14C]estrogen, and the plasma steroid
      concentrations were measured by RIA. We found that women who were smokers had
      lower MCRs for androstenedione (A), testosterone, estrone, and estradiol than
      those who were nonsmokers, but when the data were adjusted for body weight, the
      MCRs were not significantly different for any of the steroids between smokers and
      nonsmokers. The mean plasma A concentration was higher in the smokers than in the
      nonsmokers but plasma testosterone, estrone, and estradiol concentrations were
      not different. The PB values for all steroids, the interconversions of the
      androgens and the estrogens, and the peripheral aromatization of the androgens
      were not different in the 2 groups. These results indicate that smoking does not
      alter the production and metabolism of androgens and estrogens in pre- and
      postmenopausal women. However, because the women who smoked were less heavy than
      those who were nonsmokers, their androgen and estrogen MCRs were lower, leading
      to a greater plasma A concentration. Our data do not rule out an effect of
      smoking on other specific pathways of estrogen metabolism.

PMID- 3392165
TI  - IgG but not IgM anti-phospholipid antibody binding is temperature dependent.
AB  - We examined the effect of temperature on the measurement of enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-defined human polyclonal antiphospholipid antibody.
      Both IgG and IgM antibodies were easily demonstrable when sera were incubated on
      phospholipid-coated ELISA plates at 4-22 degrees C. When incubations were done at
      37-45 degrees C IgG antibody binding markedly decreased but IgM antibody binding
      did not. Warming the phospholipid-coated ELISA plate alone, the serum alone, the
      buffer alone, or the blocking reagent alone had no effect. When the antigen
      content of the wells was increased fourfold the effect of warming still occurred.
      The effect of warmth was reversible and was seen with affinity-purified antibody
      as well as with whole serum. Phospholipid vesicles in suspension, however,
      absorbed antibody in a dose-dependent fashion at 4, 22, and 42 degrees C. These
      results indicate that antibody binding to phospholipid is temperature dependent
      when phospholipid is adherent to the solid phase. Whether the change in IgG
      phospholipid interaction results from a change in antigen or in antibody remains
      unknown.

PMID- 3392164
TI  - Effect of monosaccharide on dehydroascorbic acid uptake by placental membrane
      vesicles.
AB  - Dehydroascorbic acid (DHA), the oxidized form of vitamin C, is transported across
      the microvillous surface of the human placental syncytiotrophoblast by the D
      glucose transporter. The existence of this mechanism suggests that maternal
      hyperglycemia may influence placental transfer of vitamin C. Therefore, we
      examined the effect of monosaccharides, equilibrated across the membrane, on the
      uptake of 0.5 mmol/L DHA by placental membrane vesicles. Relative to uptake in
      the absence of monosaccharide, the rate of DHA uptake was enhanced by up to 90%
      in the presence of 3-O-methyl-D-glucose equilibrated across the membrane.
      Comparable results were obtained with D-glucose and D-galactose. An inward
      directed monosaccharide concentration gradient inhibited DHA uptake. However,
      with elevated equilibrium concentrations of monosaccharide, the magnitude of such
      uptake inhibition was reduced. Relative to DHA uptake at normal blood glucose
      concentrations (5 mmol/L), the results suggest that moderate maternal
      hyperglycemia does not alter, but that severe hypo- or hyperglycemia decreases,
      placental uptake of DHA from the maternal circulation.

PMID- 3392166
TI  - [A quantitative analysis of the bony trabeculae of the human medial tibial
      condyle].

PMID- 3392167
TI  - [Glomerular changes after the administration of anti-type IV collagen sheep serum
      in mice. Regarding IgA mesangial deposition].

PMID- 3392168
TI  - [Evaluation of radionuclide imaging in the aneurysms of the aorta and great
      arteries].

PMID- 3392169
TI  - Effect of bromhexine on Sjogren's syndrome accompanied by rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 3392170
TI  - The clinical significance of posterior gastric vein in portal hypertension as
      visualized in portograms.

PMID- 3392171
TI  - [Lung cancer mass surveys and early detection].

PMID- 3392172
TI  - A comparative evaluation of PAP and gamma-Sm as the tumor markers of prostatic
      cancer.

PMID- 3392173
TI  - International Neuropsychological Society. Program and Abstracts. Eleventh
      European Conference. July 4-7, 1988, Lahti, Finland.

PMID- 3392174
TI  - Progesterone supplementation in the late follicular phase of an in-vitro
      fertilization cycle: a 'natural' way to time oocyte recovery?
AB  - Twenty-eight patients superovulated with clomiphene citrate (CC) and human
      menopausal gonadotrophin (HMG) were given a single injection of 25 mg
      progesterone (P group) 4 h prior to the ovulation-inducing injection of human
      chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG). Plasma and urinary LH levels were significantly
      higher (P less than 0.05) in the P group immediately prior to HCG compared to
      controls. Plasma progesterone concentrations were also elevated (P less than
      0.01) in the P group from the time of injection to oocyte recovery. The number of
      mature oocytes recovered was also higher (P less than 0.001; 59% versus 40% in
      controls) and the time interval between oocyte recovery and insemination was also
      shorter (P less than 0.01) in the P group. The pregnancy rate/replacement 15 days
      after oocyte recovery was 39% versus 23% in the P and control groups
      respectively. It was concluded that as more mature oocytes were recovered in the
      P group, progesterone supplementation in the late follicular phase may be
      beneficial for patients undergoing GIFT. This was borne out when the first two
      GIFT patients pretreated in this way became pregnant.

PMID- 3392175
TI  - Ovulation prediction and detection with the CUE Ovulation Predictor.
AB  - Predicting ovulation is useful for managing the infertile patient and when done
      sufficiently in advance for fertility regulation by periodic abstinence. It has
      been reported that ovulation could be predicted by measurement of salivary and
      vaginal electrical resistance (SR and VR). These data from 32 menstrual cycles of
      23 women were obtained to evaluate this technique. Data of 14 cycles were from
      subjects receiving clomiphene citrate (CC), while the others were from
      spontaneously ovulating subjects. A peak in SR was seen 5-7 days before the day
      of the LH peak in both natural and CC cycles. A correlation coefficient (r) of
      0.94 was seen for the day of the SR peak and that of the LH peak. The SR trend
      was similar in both natural and CC cycles. VR in spontaneous cycles declined to a
      periovulatory nadir and then increased. The patterns of VR in CC cycles were
      similar except that values were initially depressed during and shortly after the
      end of CC therapy. Over 90% of VR increases were on the day of the LH peak and
      the day following. Results indicate that the method is useful for predicting
      ovulation in natural and CC cycles. Since the number of days by which ovulation
      is predicted exceeds the expected lifespan of spermatozoa in the female
      reproductive tract, the method also shows potential for use in natural family
      planning.

PMID- 3392176
TI  - Fibronectin and glycosaminoglycans in human preovulatory follicular fluid and
      their correlation to follicular maturation.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to investigate the involvement of two extracellular
      matrix constituents--fibronectin (FN) and glycosaminoglycans (GAG)--in the
      development of human ovarian follicles. One-hundred-and-one samples of human
      follicular fluid (HFF) aspirated from patients participating in an IVF-ET
      programme were assayed for FN, GAG, protein, progesterone (P) and oestradiol
      (E2). FN/protein and FN/GAG ratios increased significantly with volume of HFF and
      with follicular P levels. In contrast, GAG/protein ratios decreased significantly
      with HFF volume, follicular P and E2. Ratios of FN/protein correlated positively
      with maturity of oocytes; 3.1 +/- 0.5 with dysmature, 4.2 +/- 0.5 with immature,
      8.5 +/- 1.0 with intermediate and 7.8 +/- 0.5 with mature oocytes. Ratios of
      GAG/protein were inversely correlated with maturity of oocytes; 11.0 +/- 1.0 with
      dysmature, 12.5 +/- 1.4 with immature, 8.9 +/- 0.9 with intermediate and 9.2 +/-
      0.5 with mature oocytes. Ratios of FN/GAG correlated with maturity of oocytes;
      0.3 +/- 0.02 with dysmature, 0.4 +/- 0.1 with immature, 1.2 +/- 0.2 with
      intermediate and 1.1 +/- 0.1 with mature oocytes. Furthermore, follicles leading
      to oocytes which fertilized showed significantly higher FN/protein and FN/GAG
      ratios than those yielding oocytes which remained unfertilized. In contrast,
      GAG/protein ratios were significantly lower in follicles with which oocytes
      fertilized than in those with oocytes which did not fertilize. These results
      suggest that FN and GAG can be useful markers for follicular development and the
      potential of the oocyte to be fertilized.

PMID- 3392177
TI  - Serum androgens in infertile women with ovulatory dysfunction.
AB  - In the infertility work-up of 98 couples, ovulatory disturbances were detected in
      28 women on the basis of low progesterone values and endometrial biopsy. Of
      these, six were anovulatory, eight oligo-ovulatory and 14 had luteal deficiency.
      Their androgen status was studied by determination of androstenedione (A),
      dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEA-S), testosterone (T), free testosterone
      (free T) and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG). The mean level of free T was
      significantly higher (P less than 0.05) in anovulatory women when compared with
      ovulatory ones. No differences were found in the mean levels of total T, SHBG and
      DHEA-S between anovulatory, oligo-ovulatory, luteal deficient and ovulatory
      infertile women. The results show that in infertile women determination of
      androgen levels, and especially free T, is indicated in the absence of clinical
      signs of hyperandrogenism.

PMID- 3392178
TI  - Tubal embryo transfer in cynomolgus monkeys: effects of hyperstimulation and
      synchrony.
AB  - To date the main limitation of in-vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET)
      programmes is that transcervical transfer of embryos results in a rate of low
      implantation. On the other hand, the technique of gamete intra-Fallopian transfer
      (GIFT) does not contribute to information on oocyte fertilization rates, and the
      time of oocyte exposure to sperm may be limited. The development of
      ultrasonically guided follicular aspiration will allow transfer of embryos
      generated in vitro to the Fallopian tubes performing only one surgical procedure
      in the process. We have performed 25 intra-tubal embryo transfers in the
      cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis). Ovarian stimulation, follicular
      aspiration and IVF procedures have been reported previously by Balmaceda. ETs
      were performed via laparotomy. Embryos at the 2-, 4- or 9-cell stage were loaded
      into a tom-cat catheter in 5 microliter of culture medium and delivered to the
      mid-ampullary portion of the tube. Seven ETs performed during stimulated cycles
      resulted in one pregnancy, and 18 ETs performed in synchronized recipients
      resulted in six pregnancies. Ten ETs were performed 0-24 h, eight performed 24-48
      h and seven performed 72-110 h after follicular aspiration or ovulation, and
      resulted in 4, 3 and 0 pregnancies respectively. Our results demonstrate that
      intra-tubal embryo transfer can result in normal intra-uterine pregnancies and
      suggest that both ovarian stimulation and cycle synchronization affect the
      probability of embryo implantation.

PMID- 3392179
TI  - Ethnic differences in testis size: a possible link with the cytogenetics of true
      hermaphroditism.
AB  - Data on human testis size, although scanty and suffering from lack of
      standardization, suggest the existence of marked ethnic differences, testes being
      larger in Caucasian than in Oriental populations. According to the cytogenetic
      evidence, the most frequent sex chromosome constitution found in Caucasian and
      African black true hermaphrodites is XX, while XY hermaphroditism seems to be
      more prevalent in Japan. Based on genetic data on testis size in mice, on
      embryological findings on the timing of gonadal differentiation in the gonads of
      XX and XY mammalian fetuses, as well as on a recent model of the genetics of
      gonadal differentiation, it is postulated that genes for large testis size
      predispose to XX hermaphroditism and those for small testis size to XY
      hermaphroditism.

PMID- 3392180
TI  - Chromosome aberrations in 500 couples referred for in-vitro fertilization or
      related fertility treatment.
AB  - Cytogenetic studies were performed in 500 couples referred for in-vitro
      fertilization or gamete (zygote) intra-Fallopian transfer. Thirteen individuals
      (1.3%) with chromosomal abnormalities were found. Four major types of anomalies
      were observed: reciprocal translocations (n = 3), inversions (n = 2), iso-Xq
      chromosomes (n = 2) and sex chromosome number mosaics (n = 4). Moreover two males
      with respectively a 47,XYY and a 47,XY,mar+ karyotype were identified. These data
      pointed to a higher incidence of chromosomal aberrations in this infertile
      population as compared to a neonatal population without obvious chromosomal
      pathology. Analysis of the chromosomes which were involved in hyperdiploidy and
      hypodiploidy in the 30,000 metaphases evaluated, showed a high proportion of
      cells that had lost or gained an X-chromosome. A puzzling finding was the
      statistically significant low incidence of 45,X metaphases (0.9%) in women of
      couples treated on andrological indication as compared to the frequency of 45,X
      chromosome complements in women with tubal disease (4.0%) or of couples with an
      idiopathic (4.3%) or mixed female and male (6.7%) indication.

PMID- 3392181
TI  - Effect of endometriosis on early embryonic development in the rabbit.
AB  - The reasons for sub-fertility in patients with mild endometriosis remain unclear.
      Peritoneal fluid constituents may alter tubal transport and embryonic cleavage,
      with subsequent implantation disturbances. We used an animal model to study the
      influence of endometrial implants on early embryonic development. In 25 rabbits,
      endometrium from the right uterine horn was transplanted onto the peritoneum
      (Experimental group = Group E). In 25 rabbits, fat was transplanted (control
      group = group C). After a recovery period of 12 weeks the does were mated, and
      killed 24 h later. In the experimental group the implants had changed into cysts
      of 5-15 mm in diameter. Histological examination revealed endometrial glands and
      stroma in every specimen. Periadnexal adhesions did not develop in any animal. No
      marked differences were found between Groups E and C in embryonic cleavage stage,
      24 h after mating. Additional culturing of the embryos for 48 h in a suitable
      culture medium revealed normal further development of the embryos. Bearing in
      mind the restrictions of extrapolating a rabbit model to the human, it is
      suggested that the decreased fecundity in mild endometriosis is not caused by
      altered early embryonic cleavage rate. The results of this study offer indirect
      evidence for implantation disturbances as a cause of endometriosis-associated sub
      fertility.

PMID- 3392182
TI  - Symposium to mark the 50th anniversary of Organon France. Paris, September 19,
      1987. Proceedings.

PMID- 3392183
TI  - Recurrent abnormal follicular maturation and ovarian stimulation for in-vitro
      fertilization.
AB  - A total of 1078 cycles were stimulated for in-vitro fertilization between 1
      January 1986 and 31 July 1987. One-hundred-and-ninety-six cycles had to be
      cancelled because of an abnormal ovarian response (18.2%). The majority of these
      cancellations were due to the phenomenon of follicular atresia (45%) or the
      absence of follicular growth (30%). Bad responder patients who had undergone
      cancellation during at least two successive cycles, when compared with normal
      responder patients, were somewhat older and had more frequent periovarian
      adhesions and ovulatory defects. The use of a GnRH agonist allowed correction of
      a certain number of ovarian response inadequacies, but follicular atresia and
      absence of folliculogenesis remained frequent phenomena.

PMID- 3392184
TI  - What is 10S myosin for?

PMID- 3392185
TI  - Density of myosin filaments in the rat anococcygeus muscle, at rest and in
      contraction. II.
AB  - Rat anococcygeus muscles were fixed at rest or in contraction by conventional
      methods and prepared for electron microscopy. Myosin filaments were counted on
      cross sections and their density expressed per unit cytoplasmic area. In
      contracted muscles, the mean density increased from 86 to 168 filaments per
      micron 2 (1.95 times), while the density of intermediate (10 nm) filaments
      increased by 1.25 times. Cell cross sections from the same muscles were measured.
      Contraction produced a shrinkage which explains the apparent increased density of
      the 10 nm filaments; however an excess of 61 myosin filaments per micron 2 cannot
      be explained in this way. These findings provide the structural basis which
      quantitatively explains the birefringence changes observed in living contracted
      muscle (Godfraind-De Becker & Gillis, 1988). Our optical and electron optical
      results provide evidence for a reversible formation of myosin filaments during
      contraction of the rat anococcygeus muscle.

PMID- 3392186
TI  - Immunocytochemical and electrophoretic analyses of changes in myosin gene
      expression in cat limb fast and slow muscles during postnatal development.
AB  - Changes in myosin synthesis during the postnatal development of the fast extensor
      digitorum longus (EDL) and the slow soleus muscles of the kitten were examined
      using immunocytochemical techniques supplemented by pyrophosphate gel
      electrophoresis and gel electrophoresis-derived enzyme linked immunosorbent assay
      (GEDELISA) of myosin isoforms. The antibodies used were monoclonals against heavy
      chains of slow and fast myosins and a polyclonal against foetal/embryonic myosin.
      In both muscles in the newborn kitten, there was a population of more mature
      fibres which stained strongly for slow but weakly for foetal/embryonic myosin.
      These fibres were considered to be primary fibres. They formed 4.8% of EDL fibres
      and 26% of soleus fibres at birth, and continued to express slow myosin in adult
      muscles. The less mature secondary fibres stained strongly for foetal/embryonic
      myosin, and these could be divided into two subpopulations; fast secondaries in
      which foetal/embryonic myosin was replaced by fast myosin, and slow secondaries
      in which the myosin was replaced by slow myosin. At 50 days the EDL had a large
      population of fast secondaries (83% of total fibres) and a small population of
      slow secondaries which gradually transformed into fast fibres with maturity. The
      vast majority of secondary fibres in the soleus were slow secondaries, in which
      slow myosin synthesis persisted in adult life. There was a restricted zone of
      fast secondaries in the soleus, and these gradually transformed into slow fibres
      in adult life. It is proposed that the emergence of primary fibres and the two
      populations of secondary fibres is myogenically determined.

PMID- 3392187
TI  - Immunocytochemical and electrophoretic analyses of changes in myosin gene
      expression in cat posterior temporalis muscle during postnatal development.
AB  - Changes in myosin gene expression during the postnatal development of the
      homogeneously superfast kitten posterior temporalis muscle were examined using
      immunocytochemical techniques supplemented by pyrophosphate gel electrophoresis
      and gel electrophoresis-derived enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (GEDELISA) of
      myosin isoforms. The antibodies used were polyclonals directed against the heavy
      chains of superfast and foetal myosins and monoclonals against the heavy chains
      of slow and fast myosins. The fibres of the posterior temporalis in the newborn
      kitten stained almost uniformly with the anti-foetal myosin antibody and the
      largest of these fibres stained strongly for superfast myosin. A subpopulation of
      fibres staining for superfast myosin also stained lightly for slow myosin. These
      slow staining fibres were evenly distributed in the centres of muscle fibre
      bundles, reminiscent of primary fibres in limb fast muscle. During subsequent
      development, slow myosin staining disappeared and superfast myosin replaced
      foetal myosin so that by 50 days the muscle was virtually homogeneously superfast
      as in the adult. Fast myosin was never expressed at any stage. It is proposed
      that fibres staining transiently for slow myosin are superfast primary fibres
      which are homologous to fast primary fibres recently described in regions of limb
      muscles devoid of slow fibres in the matured animal. Other jaw-closing muscles
      have significant populations of slow fibres in the mature animal and it is
      postulated that there exists in these muscles a second class of jaw primary
      fibres, the slow primary fibres, in which slow myosin synthesis would be
      sustained in the adult. It is suggested that the myogenic cells of jaw-closing
      and limb muscles are of two distinct types preprogrammed to express different
      muscle genes.

PMID- 3392189
TI  - Mechanical factors in slipped capital femoral epiphysis.
AB  - We performed three-dimensional force analyses on the hips of 50 normal patients
      and 50 patients with slipped capital femoral epiphysis to determine if mechanical
      factors alone could account for slips. We found that slipped epiphysis patients
      have reduced resistance to shear because of increased body weight and a decreased
      neck shaft-plate shaft angle. Slipped epiphysis patients have relative
      retroversion, and this generates increased sagittal plane shear stress at the
      proximal femoral growth plate. We suggest that, during running, these mechanical
      factors cause shear failure of the growth plate in obese adolescents.

PMID- 3392190
TI  - Vibratory hypersensitivity in idiopathic scoliosis.
AB  - This study determined whether a significant difference in response to vibratory
      stimuli was consistently present in a large group of children with idiopathic
      scoliosis as compared with age-matched controls. Fifty-eight unselected
      adolescent females with documented progressive idiopathic scoliosis were studied
      along with age-matched controls. Threshold to detection of a vibratory stimulus
      was measured in both the right and left upper and lower extremities. Results
      indicated that highly significant differences existed between scoliotic children
      and controls at all sites tested (p less than 0.01), with scoliotic children
      being more sensitive than controls. The results support the presence of a central
      aberration in posterior column function that may be a primary etiology of
      idiopathic scoliosis.

PMID- 3392188
TI  - Analysis of the birefringence of the smooth muscle anococcygeus of the rat, at
      rest and in contraction. I.
AB  - The birefringence of the rat anococcygeus muscle was measured at rest and in
      contraction. A large increase (+30%) of the optical retardation was observed in
      muscles fully stimulated by Noradrenaline, in isometric conditions. This was
      associated with a reduction of the muscle thickness (-12%), so that the
      birefringence increased by 48%. These changes were reversed upon relaxation. The
      relationship between the birefringence increase and the mechanical response was
      investigated as a function of time and of Noradrenaline concentration. Possible
      origins for the birefringence increase are considered: an increased density of
      birefringent material, mainly filaments, seems the most likely explanation of the
      results.

PMID- 3392191
TI  - Long-term follow-up of the flexor carpi ulnaris transfer in spastic hemiplegic
      children.
AB  - A retrospective study was performed on 25 patients with cerebral palsy who
      underwent transfer of the flexor carpi ulnaris to the radial wrist extendors. The
      mean age at the time of surgery was 8 years 1 month. The mean follow-up was 8
      years 7 months. At follow-up, the mean active wrist dorsiflexion was 44.2
      degrees, palmar flexion was 19.0 degrees, supination was 40.2 degrees, and
      pronation was 53.4 degrees. According to a modification of Green's evaluation
      system, there were six excellent, nine good, five fair, and five poor results.
      Two patients required further surgery to correct a supination, dorsiflexion
      contracture. We found the transfer to be quite effective in improving wrist
      dorsiflexion, although there was often a significant loss of active palmar
      flexion postoperatively. The patient therefore should have good digital extension
      (with the wrist extended passively above neutral) to be considered for the
      transfer.

PMID- 3392193
TI  - Congenital "high-arched (cavus) forefoot"--a newly described deformity and
      surgical correction.
AB  - A previously unreported forefoot deformity (cavus) is described, clinically and
      radiologically, and a surgical operation for successful correction is detailed.

PMID- 3392192
TI  - Hereditary spastic paraplegia.
AB  - Hereditary spastic paraplegia is a genetically transmitted disease that is
      usually autosomal dominant. Characterized by a slow progression of spastic
      paraparesis, it is frequently misdiagnosed as cerebral palsy. Our experience
      consists of six families with a total of 26 affected members. All initial
      referrals were children with a slowly progressive paraplegia. Each child was
      noted to have slightly delayed motor milestones, normal intellect, and no history
      of perinatal cerebral event. Each child was treated when necessary with
      appropriate tendon lengthenings. Recognition is the key to management. A careful
      patient and family history will reveal the hereditary nature of the disease and
      help develop treatment plans.

PMID- 3392194
TI  - Treatment of spastic equinus by aponeurosis lengthening.
AB  - The aponeurosis lengthening described in this study was performed on 156 patients
      (219 procedures) with spastic equinus deformities. There was only one wound
      complication and no calcaneus deformities from overlengthening. The recurrence
      rate requiring relengthening was high (48% of the procedures), particularly if
      the initial operation was performed before the age of 5 years. The length of
      postoperative immobilization did not affect the recurrence rate. The aponeurosis
      lengthening technique described is a simple lengthening of the aponeurosis,
      leaving the soleus largely intact without the use of internal sutures. It has a
      negligible complication rate, but a high rate of recurrent equinus.

PMID- 3392195
TI  - Innominate osteotomy in Perthes disease.
AB  - A retrospective study was performed in 27 patients who underwent innominate
      osteotomy for the treatment of severe Perthes disease. Time intervals between
      surgery and final follow-up ranged from 5 years to 16 years 4 months.
      Preoperative and postoperative periods of treatment were often more prolonged
      than those reported by Salter. One-half of the patients were less than 6 years of
      age at onset of the disease. A number of patients had significant deformity of
      the femoral head. Nevertheless, clinically good or fair results were obtained in
      88% of the patients and poor results were found in 12%.

PMID- 3392196
TI  - Percutaneous biopsy of pyogenic infection of the spine in children.
AB  - Three boys had percutaneous biopsies of pyogenic infections of the spine guided
      by computed tomography (CT). All had typical features of chronic vertebral
      osteomyelitis, i.e., narrowing of disc space, destruction of the contiguous
      vertebral endplates, sclerosis of vertebral bodies, and soft tissue swelling as
      noted on radiographs, CT, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). All three had
      back pain; one was asymptomatic at the time of the biopsy. Culture of the biopsy
      material grew Staphylococcus aureus in two cases and Salmonella group B in one.
      If blood cultures are negative, a biopsy of the vertebral body is recommended in
      order to determine the activity of the process and the type of organism, and its
      susceptibility to antibiotics. CT-guided percutaneous biopsy is an alternative to
      open surgical biopsy.

PMID- 3392197
TI  - Shaft forearm fractures in children: intramedullary nailing with immediate
      motion: a preliminary report.
AB  - Nailing is a good solution for shaft forearm fractures in children who require
      surgery. A closed reduction is very often possible owing to the bent tip of the
      pins. The procedure avoids extensive dissection, unlike epiphyseal plates. When a
      nailing is performed, the distal approach for both bones is the most convenient,
      avoiding elbow pain on the proximal ulnar incision. Six children of 57 had
      unacceptable reduction following conservative treatment and underwent
      intramedullary fixation. An immediate mobilization was possible in all patients.
      We observed neither delays in union nor recurrent fractures. The range of motion
      was normal in the postoperative period and at the 1 year follow-up.

PMID- 3392198
TI  - The prevention of recurrent fractures of the lower extremities in severe
      osteogenesis imperfecta using vacuum pants: a preliminary report in four
      patients.
AB  - Severe osteogenesis imperfecta results in frequent fracturing of lower extremity
      bones when the child assumes upright weightbearing. To prevent such breakage and
      to provide simple, comfortable standing, a special "vacuum pant" orthosis was
      designed and assessed in four patients. Not only has this enabled the family to
      help their children stand up safely and comfortably, but the frequency of
      fracturing has diminished. Bone densitometry studies of the tibia revealed an
      increase in both the mineral content (0.39 to 0.70 g/cm) and the bone density
      (0.44 g/cm2) above that expected for growth alone in one patient. The "vacuum
      pant" orthosis is a useful addition to the treatment program of the severe
      osteogenesis imperfecta child.

PMID- 3392199
TI  - Injuries in children associated with trampolinelike air cushions.
AB  - During a 7-month period, we registered 112 children who had been injured in an
      amusement park. Despite the large number of other playground apparatuses, 78
      injuries were associated with jumping on three giant air cushion trampolinelike
      apparatuses. Moreover, the air cushions caused a significantly larger number of
      severe and moderate injuries than did other apparatuses (p less than 0.01).
      Thirty-one percent of the injuries were fractures or growth plate lesions.
      Seventy percent of the children explained that they had either been pushed or had
      lost their balance because of the constantly changing rhythm of the canvas. We
      therefore warn against this trampolinelike apparatus.

PMID- 3392200
TI  - Effects of anticonvulsant drug therapy on bone mineral density in a pediatric
      population.
AB  - Twenty epileptic outpatients, aged 5-20 years and taking either phenobarbital or
      phenytoin for anticonvulsant therapy, were evaluated for femoral neck area bone
      mineral content and bone mineral density using dual photon absorptiometry.
      Duration of treatment averaged 51.4 months (range, 9-124 months). A group of 20
      normal children who were matched for age, sex, and race served as controls. There
      were no statistically significant differences between the femoral neck area bone
      mineral densities of the epileptic patients as compared to the controls. There
      were also no correlations between duration of anticonvulsant therapy and bone
      mineral density, nor any differences in bone mineral density values when
      comparing epileptic patients taking phenobarbital with those patients taking
      phenytoin.

PMID- 3392201
TI  - Tumoral calcinosis in a child.
AB  - Tumoral calcinosis is a rare benign tumor found adjacent to large joints,
      restricting motion and sometimes eroding through the skin. We report a case of
      this disease in a 9-month-old treated with surgical excision.

PMID- 3392202
TI  - Cervical instability in an achondroplastic infant.
AB  - Cervical spine instability is a rare finding in achondroplasia. We present the
      previously unreported case of C2-C3 subluxation producing progressive
      quadriparesis in an achondroplastic infant. Operative treatment with appropriate
      fusion was performed, and an excellent result was obtained.

PMID- 3392203
TI  - Spinal deformity in Marfan's Syndrome.

PMID- 3392204
TI  - Detection and characterization of human serum antibodies to polycyclic aromatic
      hydrocarbon diol-epoxide DNA adducts.
AB  - The presence of serum antibodies to the diol-epoxide DNA adducts of
      representative polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), chrysene,
      benz[a]anthracene and benzo[a]pyrene, was determined by ELISA using serum samples
      obtained from normal healthy individuals. Antibodies that reacted against PAH
      adducted-DNA, but not against PAH-adducted protein, were found in the serum of
      approximately 40% of the test individuals. Specificity analysis of the antibodies
      demonstrated that serological cross-reactions between the benzo[a]pyrene and the
      chrysene diol-epoxide adducts were present. Similar cross-reactivity between the
      benz[a]anthracene and the chrysene adducts was observed. Sera containing
      antibodies that were apparently specific for each of the three PAH-DNA adducts
      were also identified. The presence of antibodies to PAH-DNA adducts indicates
      both past exposure to these carcinogenic PAH and their metabolic activation to
      the DNA damaging metabolites. These antibodies may prove to be useful in both
      retrospective and prospective epidemiological studies of various diseases
      associated with PAH exposure.

PMID- 3392205
TI  - Erythropoietin messenger RNA levels in developing mice and transfer of 125I
      erythropoietin by the placenta.
AB  - Erythropoietin (EP) mRNA was measured in normal and anemic mice during fetal and
      postnatal development. Normal fetal livers at 14 d of gestation contained a low
      level of EP mRNA. By day 19 of gestation, no EP mRNA was detected in normal or
      anemic fetal livers or normal fetal kidneys, but anemic fetal kidneys had low
      levels of EP mRNA. Newborn through adult stage mice responded to anemia by
      accumulating renal and hepatic EP mRNA. However, total liver EP mRNA was
      considerably less than that of the kidneys. Juvenile animals, 1-4 wk old, were
      hyperresponsive to anemia in that they produced more EP mRNA than adults.
      Moreover, nonanemic juveniles had readily measured renal EP mRNA, whereas the
      adult level was at the lower limit of detection. Because of the very low level of
      fetal EP mRNA, placental transfer of EP was evaluated. When administered to the
      pregnant mouse, 125I-EP was transferred in significant amounts to the fetuses.
      These results indicate that in mice the kidney is the main organ of EP production
      at all stages of postnatal development and that adult kidney may also play some
      role in providing EP for fetal erythropoiesis via placental transfer of maternal
      hormone.

PMID- 3392206
TI  - Immunohistochemical localization of apolipoprotein E in human glial neoplasms.
AB  - Immunocytochemical analyses revealed the presence and distribution of
      apolipoprotein E (apo E) in normal human brain tissue as well as in 77 human
      intracranial neoplasms. In normal brain tissues, the perikarya of astrocytes
      exhibited a strong positive reaction, whereas the Bergmann glia were stained to a
      moderate degree. However, no immunoreactivity was observed with neurons,
      oligodendrocytes, ependymal cells, and choroidal epithelium. Among the
      intracranial neoplasms, oligodendroglioma, choroid plexus papilloma,
      hemangioblastoma, primary malignant lymphoma, neurinoma, meningioma, pituitary
      adenoma, and craniopharyngioma were all negative. Immunoreactivity in the
      peripheral neuroblastoma was nil. However, the perikarya of astrocytomas and
      glioblastomas showed a positive reaction. Analyses on the degree of anaplasia and
      the amount of apo-E as an intensity of immunostaining showed a negative
      correlation. The astrocytic elements were stained in mixed oligoastrocytomas and
      medulloblastomas with glial differentiation. A few cases of ependymomas showed
      weak perikaryal immunostaining. Western blot analyses with anti-apo E antibody of
      a freshly prepared surgical specimen with astrocytomas revealed a single band
      with a molecular weight of approximately 37,000. The well differentiated cultured
      human astrocytoma cells secreted apo E into the medium. These lines of evidence
      suggest that apo E may serve as a potential marker specific for astrocytomas and
      glioblastomas, as well as an indicator of astrocytic tumor cell differentiation.
      The apo E localization in human brain tumors could be clinically relevant and
      diagnostically useful.

PMID- 3392207
TI  - Effect of beta-hydroxybutyrate on whole-body leucine kinetics and fractional
      mixed skeletal muscle protein synthesis in humans.
AB  - Because intravenous infusion of beta-hydroxybutyrate (beta-OHB) has been reported
      to decrease urinary nitrogen excretion, we investigated in vivo metabolism of
      leucine, an essential amino acid, using L-[1-13C]leucine as a tracer during beta
      OHB infusion. Leucine flux during beta-OHB infusion did not differ from leucine
      flux during normal saline infusion in nine normal subjects, whereas leucine
      oxidation decreased 18-41% (mean = 30%) from 18.1 +/- 1.1 mumol.kg-1.h-1 (P less
      than 0.01), and incorporation of leucine into skeletal muscle protein increased 5
      17% (mean = 10%) from 0.048 + 0.003%/h (P less than 0.02). Since blood pH during
      beta-OHB infusion was higher than the pH during saline infusion, we performed
      separate experiments to study the effect of increased blood pH on leucine
      kinetics by infusing sodium bicarbonate intravenously. Blood pH during sodium
      bicarbonate infusion was similar to that observed during the beta-OHB infusion,
      but bicarbonate infusion had no effect on leucine flux or leucine oxidation. We
      conclude that beta-OHB decreases leucine oxidation and promotes protein synthesis
      in human beings.

PMID- 3392208
TI  - Multiple components of the A1 adenosine receptor-adenylate cyclase system are
      regulated in rat cerebral cortex by chronic caffeine ingestion.
AB  - The effects of chronic caffeine on the A1 adenosine receptor-adenylate cyclase
      system of rat cerebral cortical membranes were studied. Caffeine treatment
      significantly increased the number of A1 adenosine receptors as determined with
      the A1 adenosine receptor antagonist radioligand [3H]xanthine amine congener
      (XAC). R-PIA (agonist) competition curves constructed with [3H]XAC were most
      appropriately described by a two affinity state model in control membranes with a
      KH of 2.1 +/- 0.8 and a KL of 404 +/- 330 nM with 50 +/- 4% of receptors in the
      high affinity state (%RH). In contrast, in membranes from treated animals, there
      was a marked shift towards the high affinity state. In three of seven animals all
      of the receptors were shifted to a unique high affinity state which was
      indistinguishable from the KH observed in membranes from control animals. In four
      of seven animals the %RH increased from 50 to 69% with KH and KL
      indistinguishable from the control values. Thus, the agonist specific high
      affinity form of the receptor was enhanced following caffeine treatment. Maximal
      inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity in cerebral cortical membranes by R-PIA
      (1 microM) was significantly increased by 28% following caffeine treatment,
      consistent with an increased coupling of receptor-Gi protein with adenylate
      cyclase. Importantly, the quantity of Gi (alpha i) in rat cerebral cortex,
      determined by pertussis toxin-mediated labeling, was also increased to 133% of
      control values by this treatment. Thus, multiple components and interactions of
      the A1 adenosine receptor-adenylate cyclase complex are regulated by caffeine.
      These changes are likely compensatory measures to offset blockade of A1 receptors
      in vivo by caffeine and lead to a sensitization of this inhibitory receptor
      system.

PMID- 3392209
TI  - Human growth hormone gene and the highly homologous growth hormone variant gene
      display different splicing patterns.
AB  - Stably transfected cell lines containing the normal human growth hormone (hGH-N)
      and human growth hormone-variant (hGH-V) genes have been established in order to
      study the expression of these two highly homologous genes. Each gene was inserted
      into a bovine papillomavirus shuttle vector under the transcriptional control of
      the mouse metallothionein gene promoter and the resultant recombinants were
      transfected into mouse C127 cells. The transfected cells containing the hGH-N
      gene secrete two hGH proteins, 91% migrating at 22 kD and 9% migrating at 20 kD,
      the same relative proportions synthesized in vivo by the human pituitary. S1
      nuclease analysis of mRNA from these cells confirms that 20 kD hGH is encoded by
      an alternatively spliced product of the primary hGH-N gene transcript in which
      the normal exon 3 splice-acceptor site is bypassed for a secondary site 15 codons
      within exon 3. Although the hGH-V gene is identical to the hGH-N gene for at
      least 15 nucleotides on either side of the normal and alternative exon 3 AG
      splice-acceptor sites, hGH-V synthesizes only a 22-kD protein. Reciprocal
      exchange of exon 3 and its flanking intron sequences between the hGH-N gene and
      the hGH-V gene, eliminates the synthesis of the 20-kD protein in both resultant
      chimeric genes. These results directly demonstrate that both the major 22-kD and
      the minor 20-kD forms of pituitary hGH are encoded by the alternative splicing
      products of a single hGH-N gene transcript. This alternative splicing is neither
      species nor tissue-specific and appears to be regulated by at least two separate
      regions remote from the AG splice-acceptor site.

PMID- 3392210
TI  - Rat intestinal apolipoprotein B gene expression. Evidence for integrated
      regulation by bile salt, fatty acid, and phospholipid flux.
AB  - We previously reported that intestinal apo B48 synthesis in the rat was unaltered
      by dietary triglyceride intake but demonstrated regulation in response to biliary
      lipid availability. Studies are now presented in which the mechanisms underlying
      biliary lipid dependent expression of intestinal apo B48 synthesis have been
      investigated further. Bile salt replacement was effective in a dose- and
      structure-dependent manner in reexpressing intestinal apo B48 synthesis after
      prolonged bile diversion. Further experiments suggested that this effect of bile
      salt may be related to facilitated uptake of fatty acid. A role for mucosal
      phospholipid flux was suggested by studies in which infusion of lysolecithin,
      with or without Na taurocholate, produced complete reexpression of apo B48
      synthesis in jejunal enterocytes. Over a four- to sixfold range of apo B48
      synthesis rates in both jejunum and ileum, there was no change in apo B mRNA size
      or abundance as determined by RNA blot hybridization. Analysis of both intestinal
      mucosa and microsome lipid content in a variety of settings revealed that apo B48
      synthesis rates were correlated with microsome triglyceride fatty acid content (r
      = 0.65, P less than 0.005) but not free fatty acid or phospholipid content. These
      studies demonstrate a physiologic role for elements of biliary lipid flux in the
      regulation of apo B gene expression. The data suggest that an integrated
      mechanism may exist whereby apo B48 synthesis is related to microsome
      triglyceride flux, particularly at low levels of lumenal substrate availability.

PMID- 3392211
TI  - Serial micropuncture analysis of glomerular function in two rat models of
      glomerular sclerosis.
AB  - We have recently developed a micropuncture technique to assess repeatedly
      function of the same nephrons in chronic renal disease and subsequently examine
      the morphology of their glomeruli by serial thin-section histological analysis.
      Using this approach, a potential causal linkage between early functional patterns
      and late structural abnormalities was examined in glomeruli of two established
      rat models of glomerular sclerosis. The models are (a) puromycin aminonucleoside
      (PAN) administration in unilaterally nephrectomized Munich-Wistar rats and (b)
      adriamycin (ADM) treatment in nonnephrectomized Munich-Wistar rats. Single
      nephron GFR (SNGFR) and glomerular capillary hydraulic pressure (PGC) were
      measured repeatedly for 8 (PAN rats) or 31 wk (ADM rats). In all animals studied,
      values for PGC remained at, or slightly below, levels measured before PAN or ADM
      administration. SNGFR values declined progressively in all glomeruli in PAN rats.
      Although some glomeruli in ADM rats had an increase in SNGFR above levels
      observed in nonnephrectomized control rats, these hyperfiltering glomeruli did
      not have abnormally high PGC nor did they exhibit glomerular sclerosis at the
      completion of the study. Histological analysis revealed the existence of a
      significant inverse correlation between the degree of sclerosis and SNGFR
      assessed at the time of sacrifice in both PAN and ADM groups. Chronic
      administration of captopril, an angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitor, in PAN
      rats substantially attenuated development of glomerular sclerosis without
      affecting PGC in earlier stages. The observations in these models indicate that
      glomerular hyperfiltration and hypertension are not required for the development
      of glomerular sclerosis in renal diseases, and angiotensin I converting enzyme
      inhibitor can exert its protective effect independently of its effect on
      glomerular capillary pressure.

PMID- 3392212
TI  - Identification of the C5a des Arg cochemotaxin. Homology with vitamin D-binding
      protein (group-specific component globulin).
AB  - The chemotactic activity of human C5a des Arg is enhanced significantly by an
      anionic polypeptide (cochemotaxin) in normal human serum and plasma. The
      cochemotaxin attaches to sialic acid residues within the oligosaccharide chain of
      native C5a des Arg to form a complex with potent chemotactic activity for human
      PMN. We investigated the nature of the cochemotaxin and found that vitamin D
      binding protein is the putative cochemotaxin. Vitamin D-binding protein enhanced
      the chemotactic activity of native C5a des Arg, but had no effect on the
      chemotactic activity of either native C5a or FMLP. Sialic acid prevented both
      enhancement by vitamin D-binding protein of the chemotactic activity of native
      C5a des Arg and formation of C5a des Arg-vitamin D-binding protein complexes,
      detected by molecular sieve chromatography. Furthermore, vitamin D-binding
      protein and cochemotaxin exhibited identical molecular weights, isoelectric
      points, antigenic reactivity, and amino acid composition.

PMID- 3392213
TI  - Gc-globulin (vitamin D-binding protein) enhances the neutrophil chemotactic
      activity of C5a and C5a des Arg.
AB  - Several serum proteins have been shown to be important in modulating leukocyte
      chemotaxis and inflammation. We investigated the possibility that the
      multifunctional serum protein Gc-globulin (vitamin D-binding protein) may also
      enhance the neutrophil chemotactic activity of complement-derived peptides.
      Purified Gc-globulin by itself did not induce chemotaxis of human neutrophils.
      However, as little as 0.01 nM Gc-globulin greatly enhanced the neutrophil
      chemotactic activity of C5a and its derivative, C5a des Arg over a wide
      concentration range. The effect was most pronounced at nonchemotactic doses of
      C5a (0.01 nM) and C5a des Arg (1 nM). Gc-globulin was unable to augment the
      neutrophil chemotactic activity of FMLP and leukotriene B4. This enhancing
      activity was not due to a nonspecific effect of anionic proteins since other
      purified serum proteins, of similar size and charge as Gc-globulin (alpha 1 acid
      glycoprotein, alpha 2 HS glycoprotein, alpha 2 histidine-rich glycoprotein),
      could not increase the chemotactic activity of C5a des Arg. Serum depleted of Gc
      globulin by immunoaffinity chromatography totally lacked chemotactic enhancing
      activity for C5a des Arg. Gc-globulin-depleted serum activated with zymosan also
      had significantly less chemotactic activity than control- (sham-depleted)
      activated serum. Finally, radioiodinated C5a or C5a des Arg formed a 1:1 complex
      with purified Gc-globulin when analyzed by gel filtration chromatography. These
      results indicate that Gc-globulin is the major chemotactic enhancing factor in
      serum and may function as an up-regulator of the chemotactic activity of C5
      derived peptides.

PMID- 3392214
TI  - HLA-DR (Ia) immune phenotype predicts outcome for patients with diffuse large
      cell lymphoma.
AB  - The clinical utility for establishing the immune phenotype in patients with non
      Hodgkin's lymphoma is controversial. To help resolve this dilemma, we studied 104
      consecutive patients with diffuse large cell lymphoma, the most common subtype of
      potentially curable non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. The presence or absence of the human
      class II histocompatibility antigen was determined using the monoclonal antibody
      anti-HLA-DR (Ia), and the results correlated with pretreatment clinical features
      and survival. We found that eight HLA-DR negative patients had similar
      pretreatment clinical characteristics compared with 96 HLA-DR positive patients,
      but HLA-DR negative patients had a significantly shorter survival duration
      compared with HLA-DR positive patients (P = 0.003 log-rank). The median survival
      of the HLA-DR negative patients was 0.5 years compared to 2.8 yr for the HLA-DR
      positive patients. No HLA-DR negative patient survived beyond 1.5 yr. A multi
      variate analysis, adjusting for prognostic factors of known clinical
      significance, confirmed the importance of HLA-DR as a prognostic factor (P =
      0.016). We conclude that determining the presence of HLA-DR is a relatively
      simple pretreatment study that identifies a small but important group of patients
      who are not curable using currently available combination chemotherapy.

PMID- 3392215
TI  - Use of vaccinia virus vectors to study protein processing in human disease.
      Normal nerve growth factor processing and secretion in cultured fibroblasts from
      patients with familial dysautonomia.
AB  - Familial dysautonomia is a hereditary disorder that affects autonomic and sensory
      neurons. Nerve growth factor (NGF) is required for the normal development of
      sympathetic and sensory neurons and it has been postulated that an abnormality
      involving NGF may be responsible for familial dysautonomia. Previous studies have
      shown that the beta-NGF gene is not linked to the disease. However, NGF appears
      to be abnormal by immunochemical assays; the putative altered form of NGF could
      result from a disturbance in the processing pathway. To study the processing of
      the 35-kD glycosylated NGF precursor and the secretion of NGF in familial
      dysautonomia, we have employed a recombinant vaccinia virus vector to express
      high levels of NGF mRNA in primary fibroblast cultures from patients with the
      disorder; the processing pathway was then studied directly. Cells from several
      unrelated patients all produce the same 35-kD NGF precursor, process this
      normally to NGF within the cell, and release NGF into the medium. There are no
      differences in the ability of cells from patients and from unaffected relatives
      to process and secrete NGF. The use of similar recombinant vaccinia virus vectors
      to express proteins at high level in primary cell lines should facilitate the
      detection of posttranslational processing defects in a variety of human
      disorders.

PMID- 3392216
TI  - Inhibition of cortical collecting tubule chloride transport by organic acids.
AB  - Cl self-exchange by the rabbit cortical collecting tubule (CCT) occurs via an
      apical anion exchanger in series with a basolateral Cl conductance. We studied
      the effects of organic acids on CCT Cl self-exchange. We found no evidence for
      transport of acid anions by the self-exchange system. Rather, Cl self-exchange
      was inhibited by a variety of organic acids. The degree of inhibition correlated
      with the chloroform/water partition coefficient and was enhanced by lowering pH,
      indicating inhibition by the lipid-soluble, protonated species. Inhibition by the
      representative acid iso-butyrate was dose-dependent and showed sidedness
      (basolateral greater than apical). Iso-butyrate also reversibly reduced
      transepithelial conductance without altering K permeability, suggesting
      inhibition of the principal cell basolateral Cl conductance. Because small
      organic compounds with similar lipid solubilities but no carboxyl group had no
      effect, both the carboxyl group and the lipid-solubility of organic acids appear
      to be important. The results are consistent with blockade of chloride channels by
      organic acids.

PMID- 3392217
TI  - Fixation of penicilloyl groups to albumin and appearance of anti-penicilloyl
      antibodies in penicillin-treated patients.
AB  - Penicilloyl groups, which have been connected to penicillin allergy, are derived
      from penicillin by cleavage of the beta lactam ring and bind covalently to
      proteins. Fixation of penicilloyl groups was studied in seven patients given
      large amounts of penicillin. Penicilloyl groups were found essentially on the
      albumin molecule at sites not accessible to anti-penicilloyl antibodies, except
      after pronase digestion. The amount of penicilloyl groups was proportional to the
      cumulated doses of penicillin. The decline of penicilloyl groups with time after
      treatment interruption was exponential. The half-life of penicilloylated albumin
      was lower than or equal to that of normal albumin. The presence of anti
      penicilloyl antibodies was demonstrated in 19 out of 34 penicillin-treated
      patients (including the seven mentioned above). The relative scarcity of
      penicillin allergy as compared with the frequent occurrence of anti-penicilloyl
      antibodies may be partly related to unavailable sites of penicilloyl groups
      within the albumin molecule.

PMID- 3392219
TI  - Correlation of contractile dysfunction with oxidative energy production and
      tissue high energy phosphate stores during partial coronary flow disruption in
      rabbit heart.
AB  - The relationships between contractile function, myocardial oxygen consumption,
      and tissue high energy phosphate and lactate content were investigated during
      partial coronary flow disruption. The experimental preparation was an isolated,
      isovolumic retrograde blood-perfused rabbit heart. Both developed pressure (r =
      0.94) and dp/dt (r = 0.95) exhibited strong linear correlations with myocardial
      oxygen consumption that were stable for up to 45 min after blood flow reduction.
      In contrast, tissue high energy phosphate content exhibited nonlinear
      relationships with both developed pressure and oxygen consumption such that
      systolic mechanical function and oxidative metabolism declined to 20 and 30% of
      control values, respectively, before significant abnormalities in myocardial high
      energy phosphate stores were observed. Similarly, developed pressure and oxygen
      consumption decreased to 36 and 48% of control, respectively, before abnormal
      tissue lactate content was detected. The results of this study indicate that: (a)
      mechanical function is closely related to the rate of oxidative energy production
      during partial coronary flow disruption, and (b) despite the development of
      significant contractile dysfunction, tissue high energy phosphate content remains
      at normal levels except under the most severely flow-deprived conditions. The
      preservation of tissue energy stores can be explained by the apparent coupling of
      contractile performance to oxidative energy production, which could function to
      maintain myocardial energy balance during partial coronary flow restriction.

PMID- 3392218
TI  - Mechanism of lipid mobilization by the small intestine after transport blockade.
AB  - The nonionic detergent, Pluronic L-81 (L-81) has been shown to block the
      transport of intestinal mucosal triacylglycerol (TG) in chylomicrons. This
      results in large lipid masses within the enterocyte that are greater in diameter
      than chylomicrons. On removal of L-81, mucosal TG is rapidly mobilized and
      appears in the lymph. We questioned whether the blocked TG requires partial or
      complete hydrolysis before its transport. Rats were infused intraduodenally with
      [3H]glyceryl, [14C]oleoyl trioleate (TO) and 0.5 mg L-81/h for 8 h, followed by
      120 mumol/h linoleate for 18 h. Mesenteric lymph was collected and analyzed for
      TG content and radioactivity. An HPLC method was developed to separate TG on the
      basis of its acyl group species. The assumed acyl group composition was confirmed
      by gas liquid chromatography analysis. TG lymphatic output was low for the first
      8 h but increased to 52 mumol/h at the 11th h of infusion (3 h after stopping L
      81). 38% of the infused TO was retained in the mucosa after the 8-h infusion. 95%
      of mucosal TG was TO, 92% of the radioactivity was in TG, and 2.4% of the 14C
      disintegrations per minute was in fatty acid. HPLC analysis of lymph at 6, 10,
      12, and 14.5 h of infusion showed a progressive rise in TG composed of one
      linoleate and two oleates, to 39%; and in TG composed of two linoleates and one
      oleate to 20% at 14.5 h of infusion. On a mass basis, however, 80% of the TG acyl
      groups were oleate. 3H/14C ratios in the various TG acyl group species reflected
      the decrease in oleate. We conclude that first, unlike liver, most mucosal TG is
      not hydrolyzed before transport. The mechanism of how the large lipid masses
      present in mucosal cells after L-81 infusion are converted to the much smaller
      chylomicrons is unknown. Second, the concomitant infusion of linoleate did not
      impair lymph TG delivery after L-81 blockade.

PMID- 3392220
TI  - The differential effects of inductions of worry, somatic anxiety, and depression
      on emotional experience.
AB  - One-hundred and twenty-eight subjects underwent inductions of emotions designed
      to elicit worrisome, depressed, somatically anxious, or neutral emotional states,
      and then they completed the Multiple Affect Adjective Checklist. Induction of
      worry was found to produce (a) moderate degrees of both anxiety and depression,
      (b) emotional profiles more highly correlated with those of depression and
      somatic anxiety than the correlation of depression and somatic anxiety profiles
      with each other, and (c) a subjective state containing no unique emotional
      features separate from that induced in depression and somatic anxiety. Whereas a
      discriminant function analysis correctly classified 70-85% of the subjects in the
      other three conditions, subjects who underwent the induction of worry were
      correctly classified at only chance level.

PMID- 3392221
TI  - Teaching behavioral assessment and therapy to French psychiatric students.
AB  - This paper provides an account of current teaching of behavior therapy at the
      Psychological Clinic at Cochin-Port-Royal Medical School in Paris. It discusses
      the kinds of trainees, and the organization and contents of the course, noting
      its emphasis on behavior analysis. It is only recently that behavior therapy has
      begun to be recognized as a major alternative psychotherapy in France.

PMID- 3392222
TI  - Replacing a chronic schizophrenic man's delusional speech with stimulus
      appropriate responses.
AB  - This study attempted to extend the use of Cues, Pause, Point language training
      procedures (developed to treat the speech disorders of mentally handicapped
      persons) to delusional speech. The direct and potential generalized effects of
      the procedures on the delusional and socially appropriate responding of an
      institutionalized, chronic schizophrenic man were evaluated in a multiple
      baseline design across stimulus-response pairs. The procedures encouraged the
      subject to (a) remain quiet before, during, and after the presentation of verbal
      stimuli and then (b) respond on the basis of environmental cues (i.e. written
      word cards) that contained the correct responses. Delusional responding was
      rapidly replaced by appropriate responding on both sets of the trained stimuli.
      Across person and setting generalization occurred in assessments conducted
      immediately following training, and these effects were maintained for 15 months.
      The results suggest that Cues, Pause, Point procedures may offer some potential
      for replacing delusional responding with appropriate responding to social
      stimuli.

PMID- 3392223
TI  - The neglect of data-gathering instruments in behavior therapy practice.
AB  - Although the Willoughby Personality Questionnaire and the Fear Survey Schedule
      are demonstrably valuable aids to the practice of behavior therapy of neurosis,
      it is evident that many behavior therapists do not use them. In order to
      determine the extent of their neglect, we sent a questionnaire to all Clinical
      Fellows of the Behavior Therapy and Research Society. The 134 replies we received
      revealed that the Willoughby was routinely used by only 19% and the Fear Survey
      Schedule by only 42%. This seems to be manifestation of a wide-spread but
      indefensible homogenized view of neuroses. It is a sad reflection on the quality
      of behavior therapy training programs.

PMID- 3392224
TI  - Behavioral treatment of psychogenic polydipsia.
AB  - This report describes the behavioral treatment of psychogenic polydipsia in an
      autistic, severely mentally retarded woman who had a history of self-induced
      water intoxication. Treatment emphasized the use of edibles and reductions in
      activity demands to reward water refusal. Employing this procedure,
      paraprofessional staff normalized the client's water consumption, and thereby
      prevented further episodes of potentially-fatal water intoxication.

PMID- 3392225
TI  - Successful self-management of severe bulimia: a case study.
AB  - A young woman with a nine-year history of bingeing and purging was given
      instruction in behavioral principles. She then designed and carried out a program
      that included paced eating of pre-planned meals, following by differential
      reinforcement of non-purging behaviors, which featured high frequency of
      reinforcement early in training. Inter-meal "binge-feelings" were treated by
      reinforcing abstentions. A graded system of contingent exercise also was employed
      for purging behaviors. Episodes decreased to a low level after one month and were
      completely absent nine months later. The amelioration of this problem resulted in
      progress being made for the first time with her emotional problems that were
      being treated elsewhere by psychodynamic psychotherapy.

PMID- 3392226
TI  - Behavioral reduction of overt hallucinatory behavior in a chronic schizophrenic.
AB  - A 60-year-old chronically schizophrenic man who displayed verbally aggressive
      hallucinatory outbursts in a nursing home was placed on a contingent exercise
      program to decrease the hallucinations. Baseline demonstrated a daily average of
      4.66 episodes per day. A 20-week intervention decreased these episodes to 0.34
      per day. This 92% decrease was accomplished by contingently walking the subject
      in a hallway until he was quiet. Psychotropic medication increased during
      baseline had no effect on the target behavior. This mildly aversive program
      indicates that overt hallucinatory behavior seems to have at least a partial
      environmental base.

PMID- 3392227
TI  - The effect of timolol given five minutes after coronary occlusion on plasma
      catecholamines.
AB  - The reported study determined whether timolol would afford a protective effect by
      preventing the coronary occlusion-induced arrhythmias associated with the
      increase in plasma norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E). Ten anesthetized cats
      received saline or timolol (5 mg/kg, IV) five minutes after coronary occlusion of
      the left anterior descending coronary artery 10 to 14 mm below its origin.
      Coronary occlusion produced arrhythmia in three of the cats that received saline
      and in four of the cats that received timolol. Three of the saline-treated cats
      died in cardiogenic shock; two were sacrificed six hours postocclusion. Four of
      the timolol-treated cats died in congestive heart failure postcoronary occlusion.
      There was a gradual increase in NE (P greater than .05) and E (P less than .05)
      in both groups after coronary occlusion. Death produced a significant increase in
      NE and E levels. Timolol did not modify the occurrence of arrhythmias and the
      associated increase in plasma NE and E that developed after coronary occlusion
      and at death.

PMID- 3392228
TI  - Clinical pharmacokinetics of controlled-release disopyramide in patients with
      cardiac arrhythmias.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of the controlled-release preparation of disopyramide
      phosphate (Norpace CR, Searle Laboratories, Chicago, IL) were studied in ten
      patients with cardiac arrhythmias. Multiple-serum disopyramide concentrations
      were obtained after a 300-mg oral dose. Each patient then received chronic oral
      therapy with the controlled-release preparation (400 to 1000 mg/day) on an every
      12-hour schedule. At steady state, disopyramide trough concentrations were
      obtained. Serum disopyramide concentrations were determined by high performance
      liquid chromatography. The regimen was well tolerated by all patients. The mean
      (+/- SD) time to maximum concentration, maximum concentration, and concentrations
      11 and 24 hours after the initial dose were 5.5 +/- 1.3 hours and 2.8 +/- 0.8,
      2.0 +/- 0.9, and 1.2 +/- 0.5 micrograms/mL, respectively. A low Cmax to trough
      concentration ratio of 1.35 +/- 0.26 was observed after the initial dose. Linear
      regression analysis of the serum disopyramide concentrations 11 hours after
      initial dose (trough) versus trough concentrations at steady state (dose
      adjusted) showed a strong correlation (r = 0.87, intercept = 0.03, and slope =
      1.9). Regression analysis also showed a strong relationship between the area
      under the curve (AUC) from time 0 to 11 hours after the initial dose and the
      trough at steady state (r = 0.86). CONCLUSIONS: The controlled-release
      preparation of disopyramide, when administered every 12 hours in patients with
      cardiac arrhythmias, should produce low peaks to trough fluctuations. Because
      disopyramide concentrations after the initial dose correlate well with trough
      concentrations at steady state, these concentrations may provide a simple and
      convenient method for prospective monitoring of disopyramide therapy in patients
      receiving the controlled-release preparation.

PMID- 3392229
TI  - Verapamil increases the toxicity of local anesthetics.
AB  - The calcium channel blocker verapamil has, in addition to its other properties,
      been shown to be a local anesthetic. Its concurrent use in a patient undergoing
      regional anesthesia may, therefore, increase the potential risk for local
      anesthetic toxicity. To evaluate this possibility, the effect of verapamil on the
      median lethal dose (LD50) of lidocaine and bupivacaine in mice was determined.
      Immediate pretreatment with verapamil increased the mortality of mice given the
      LD50 dose of lidocaine to 74%, and in mice given the LD50 doses of bupivacaine,
      to 82%. In animals pretreated with verapamil and calcium chloride, the mortality
      associated with the administration of LD50 doses of lidocaine and bupivacaine
      decreased to 43% and 48%, respectively, thus returning the mortality rate back to
      the LD50 of the local anesthetics when administered alone. It seems that the
      combined administration of local anesthetic and verapamil results in a
      significant drug interaction: the resulting blockade of sodium and calcium
      channels apparently impairs membrane function to a greater degree than with
      either drug alone. Additional investigation is warranted, and caution should be
      exercised in giving verapamil to patients during regional anesthesia. Should an
      adverse drug interaction ensue, the administration of calcium may be beneficial.

PMID- 3392230
TI  - Hemodynamic effects of labetalol in young and older adult hypertensives.
AB  - Twenty young (45 years or younger) and 20 older (55 years or older) adult
      patients with mild hypertension were enrolled in this study to compare the
      hemodynamic effects of labetalol versus placebo in two age groups. Ten patients
      in each group were randomly assigned to receive either a single oral dose of
      labetalol (200 mg) or placebo. Hemodynamic parameters were recorded immediately
      before and two hours after ingestion. Labetalol was more effective than placebo
      in significantly lowering systolic blood pressure (-11 versus + 5 mm Hg, -23
      versus + 4 mm Hg), diastolic blood pressure (-9 versus + 2 mm Hg, -12 versus + 5
      mm Hg), and total systemic resistance (-259 versus + 42 dynes-sec cm-5, -390
      versus + 74 dynes-sec cm-5) in young and older hypertensive subjects,
      respectively. There was no significant changes in heart rate, stroke volume
      index, or cardiac index in either age group. These data indicate that labetalol
      lowers blood pressure in young an older hypertensives primarily by reducing
      peripheral resistance and that the antihypertensive effect may be somewhat
      greater in older patients.

PMID- 3392231
TI  - The effect of cimetidine dose timing on oral propranolol kinetics in adults.
AB  - Ten healthy male volunteers completed a study to determine the effect of
      cimetidine dose timing on the oral clearance of propranolol. Propranolol HCl 160
      mg as tablets, was administered daily at 8 AM for 4 consecutive days on three
      occasions. In addition, cimetidine HCl 800 mg as tablets, was administered either
      simultaneously in the morning with propranolol (8 AM), at bedtime (10 PM), or not
      at all (control). Each treatment was separated by at least a 3-day washout.
      Propranolol and cimetidine serum samples were measured over the 24-hour dosing
      interval after the last propranolol dose. Cimetidine administration at 8 AM and
      10 PM was associated with significant mean increases in the propranolol area
      under the serum concentration-time curve of 26% and 41%, respectively (P less
      than .002). The mean elimination half-life of propranolol was 6.3 hours during
      all three treatments. There was no significant difference in area under
      cimetidine serum concentration time curve between 8 AM and 10 PM dosing. Dosing
      cimetidine at bedtime 10 hours before propranolol does not diminish the magnitude
      of interaction.

PMID- 3392232
TI  - Interindividual and intraindividual variability in labetalol pharmacokinetics.
AB  - The between-subject and within-subject variability in the pharmacokinetics of
      labetalol at steady state were determined. Sixteen nonobese normal volunteers
      (mean age, 27 years) received five different formulations of labetalol orally on
      five different occasions every 12 hours for five doses. A 7-day washout separated
      each administration phase. Plasma concentration-time data for labetalol were
      obtained over the 24-hour period after the fifth dose in each phase. Labetalol
      concentrations in plasma were measured using high-performance liquid
      chromatography (HPLC). Pharmacokinetic parameters for each subject after each
      study phase were estimated. The mean V beta/F, Vdss/F, TBC/F, t1/2 beta, and AUC
      tau 0 for each subject ranged between 18.1 and 161.9 L/kg, 7.1 and 53.9 L/kg, 1.3
      and 5.72 L/hr/kg, 6.9 and 11.0 hours, and 154 and 520 micrograms.hr/L,
      respectively, indicating large interindividual variability. Considerable
      intraindividual variability in each of the pharmacokinetic parameters was also
      observed. These data indicate that a larger number of subjects will be required
      to detect "significant" differences in the disposition of labetalol.

PMID- 3392233
TI  - Multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of nilvadipine in healthy volunteers.
AB  - Nilvadipine, a new antihypertensive and antianginal drug, was studied in six
      healthy male volunteers to evaluate its steady-state pharmacokinetics after oral
      dosing. The subjects were given a single dose of 4 mg, followed by 4 mg every 12
      hours for six days after a washout period of more than 3 days. The
      pharmacokinetics of nilvadipine were well described by a linear model of
      triexponential equation with zero-order absorption. The steady state was reached
      by the fourth day of multiple dosing, with a twofold accumulation of trough
      plasma concentration and no accumulation of peak concentration. The mean plasma
      concentration at steady state was 1.0 ng/mL. The optical enantiomers of
      nilvadipine were also determined in the plasma. The plasma concentration of (+)
      nilvadipine was about two and a half times higher than that of (-)-nilvadipine,
      and this ratio was unaffected by multiple dosing.

PMID- 3392234
TI  - A double-blind, multiple-dose, placebo-controlled, cross-over study to compare
      the incidence of gastrointestinal complaints in healthy subjects given Doryx R
      and Vibramycin R.
AB  - Ninety-eight healthy subjects completed a double-blind, placebo-controlled,
      multiple-dose cross-over study to compare the incidence of gastrointestinal side
      effects of Doryx (Parke-Davis, Morris Plains, NJ) capsules (enteric-coated
      doxycycline hyclate pellets) and Vibramycin (Pfizer, New York, NY) capsules
      (doxycycline hyclate powder). Doryx produced statistically significantly fewer
      episodes of nausea, vomiting, stomach of abdominal discomfort, and decreased
      appetite than did Vibramycin. For every symptom, Vibramycin produced
      statistically significantly more symptom reports than did placebo. Although Doryx
      produced significantly more reports of nausea than did placebo, there was no
      significant difference for the other symptoms. Based on these results, Doryx is
      superior to Vibramycin when considering the incidence of gastrointestinal side
      effects.

PMID- 3392235
TI  - Effect of after-dinner administration on the pharmacokinetics of oral
      flunitrazepam and loprazolam.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of two benzodiazepine hypnotics, flunitrazepam and
      loprazolam, was determined on two occasions in two groups of eight healthy
      volunteers. Single 2-mg oral doses of either drug were given in the fasting state
      at morning on one occasion and after a standard dinner at night on another.
      Compared with administration of drugs in the fasting state, administration of the
      drugs after dinner decreased peak plasma concentrations, delayed the time to
      reach maximum concentration, and prolonged the absorption half-life. The extent
      of absorption was reduced for flunitrazepam but not for loprazolam. The
      elimination half-life of both flunitrazepam and loprazolam was not changed in the
      two conditions. These changes may be of clinical significance because they can
      delay and reduce the effects of the drugs.

PMID- 3392236
TI  - Serum and quantitative electroencephalographic pharmacokinetics of loprazolam in
      the elderly.
AB  - This study was undertaken to determine the serum pharmacokinetic parameters of
      loprazolam, a new benzodiazepine hypnotic, in elderly subjects and to compare
      these with the kinetics of the drug as determined by quantitative EEG analysis.
      In addition, a 14-day study was undertaken to determine the steady-state serum
      levels achieved in this population with repeated drug administration. The study
      was conducted on 16 male and female subjects between the ages of 62 and 72 years,
      randomly assigned to two groups treated with 0.5 or 1.0 mg of loprazolam. The
      serum half-life of loprazolam was found to be 5 hours, and the peak serum
      concentration was reached after 2 hours. Quantitative EEG changes were observed
      after 30 minutes suggesting rapid access of the drug into the nervous system.
      Quantitative EEG changes were evident for 9.5 hours, suggesting the persistent
      effects of an active metabolite. The 14-day study indicated that loprazolam did
      not accumulate with continued use.

PMID- 3392237
TI  - The relation of the kinetics of pirmenol to its antiarrhythmic efficacy.
AB  - In a single-blind study the multiple oral dose kinetics of pirmenol were related
      to its efficacy in eight patients with frequent (mean, 631; range, 167-1374
      beats/hour) premature ventricular contractions (PVC). Oral pirmenol was started
      at 100 mg bid for 48 hours and increased to 150 mg bid in six patients to obtain
      more than 70% suppression of PVC counts. Efficacy was achieved without side
      effects. Pirmenol decreased heart rate but not PR interval, QRS duration, or QTc
      interval. Peak plasma levels after the first 100-mg dose occurred at 1 to 3 hours
      and ranged from 0.6 to 1.9 micrograms/mL. Plasma elimination half-life ranged
      from 9.7 to 31 hours (mean, 18.3). From 67.4 to 171.3 mg pirmenol (mean, 102.3
      mg) were recovered in the urine in 48 hours after the last dose. Cumulative
      excretion in divided urine collections was consistent with a mean elimination
      half-life of 15 to 20 hours. The pharmacokinetics of pirmenol support oral twice
      daily administration. The minimum PVC suppressing plasma level is between 0.5 and
      1.5 micrograms/mL.

PMID- 3392238
TI  - Worsening of ventricular tachycardia by amiodarone.
AB  - The details of worsening of ventricular tachycardia in 8 (4.1%) of 194 patients
      receiving treatment with amiodarone are reported. Two forms of amiodarone-induced
      tachycardia were recognized: first, the development of new tachycardias (three
      patients) and second, a change in the pattern of recurrence of clinical
      tachycardia (five patients). In retrospect, the time from the initiation of
      amiodarone to the initial documentation of worsening ranged from 1 to 23 days
      (mean +/- SD, 9.4 +/- 8.2 days) and the time from the initiation of therapy to
      the recognition of worsening ranged from 6 to 26 days (14.6 +/- 10.1 days). Seven
      patients survived the worsening of tachycardia and one died. The total dose of
      amiodarone received and the duration of administration did not correlate with
      time to manifestation or time to resolution of worsening. This report emphasizes
      that worsening of ventricular tachycardia as a result of amiodarone is often
      difficult to differentiate from inadequate drug loading or early recurrence of 2
      patient's clinical tachycardia. Further, because of the pharmacokinetics of the
      drug, the manifestations of worsening may be prolonged. In the cases reported, it
      ranged from 2 to 26 days (7.9 +/- 8.3 days), which is longer than previously
      reported. Because of the potential for amiodarone to cause life-threatening
      worsening of ventricular tachycardia and in accordance with current results, a
      period of in-hospital monitoring of at least 10 days at the start of therapy with
      amiodarone is recommended.

PMID- 3392239
TI  - Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of urapidil in severe hypertension.
AB  - The clinical response and pharmacokinetics of intravenous urapidil were studied
      in patients with uncontrolled severe hypertension. Six of nine patients achieved
      a diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of 100 mm Hg after initial administration of
      serial bolus doses and were then placed on maintenance infusions. Three of these
      six patients maintained a DBP 100 mm Hg or lower at infusion rates of 10 to 20
      mg/hr, whereas the remaining three patients experienced a loss of DBP control
      despite rates of 40 mg/hr. Mean DBP was significantly reduced from 126 +/- 6 mm
      Hg (N = 9) to 105 +/- 15 mm Hg after the bolus phase (N = 9, P less than .05) and
      99 +/- 18 mm Hg after the infusion phase (N = 6, P less than .05). Significant
      reductions in systolic blood pressure were also achieved after bolus and infusion
      phases. Adverse reactions included drowsiness, tachycardia, nausea and vomiting
      but were considered mild. Estimated pharmacokinetic parameters included Vz (0.80
      +/- 0.20 L/kg), CL (2.53 +/- 0.99 mL/min/kg) and t1/2 (4.0 +/- 1.5 hr). Urapidil
      safely reduces blood pressure in patients with severe hypertension. An
      alternative dosing regimen is suggested.

PMID- 3392240
TI  - Low-dose acebutolol given once daily in the treatment of chronic angina pectoris.
AB  - Acebutolol, a beta-1 selective beta blocker with intrinsic sympathomimetic
      activity has been shown to be an effective agent in chronic angina pectoris
      therapy, with twice or three times daily dosing. The long-term effects of 400 mg
      of acebutolol given only once a day versus placebo on exercise hemodynamics, ST
      segment depression, and rate pressure product were studied. Eleven patients (mean
      age, 60 +/- 12 years) with hypertension and chronic angina pectoris were
      enrolled. Resting heart rate was not significantly altered after therapy, (80 vs
      72 bpm). Objective measurements from exercise treadmill tests showed significant
      reduction in peak heart rate from 130 to 103 bpm, systolic blood pressure from
      197 to 167 mm Hg, rate pressure product (from 25 to 18 bpm-mm Hg X 1000), and ST
      depression in patients receiving acebutolol compared with those receiving
      placebo. No significant adverse effects were reported. These data indicate that
      acebutolol may be efficacious as once daily therapy for chronic stable angina
      pectoris.

PMID- 3392241
TI  - Drug-induced parenchymal renal disease in outpatients.
AB  - Hospitalizations for patients with newly diagnosed renal disease were reviewed
      for the period 1972 to 1983 at Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound to
      identify those instances where the renal disease might have been caused by a
      drug(s). After careful review of 496 admissions, only nine instances were found
      in which a drug etiology of the renal disease could not be safely ruled out on a
      case history basis. From this study, it is estimated that the frequency of newly
      diagnosed, outpatient drug-induced renal disease requiring hospitalization is
      rare, on the order of one per 300,000 persons per year.

PMID- 3392242
TI  - An examination of the site and mechanism of action of torasemide in man.
AB  - Acute clearance studies were performed in normal subjects to determine the site
      and mechanism of action of torasemide (isopropyl-1-methyl-3 phenylamino-4 pyridil
      3 sulphonyl-3-urea), a new diuretic agent, in the human kidney. The drug caused
      no change in glomerular filtration rate or effective renal plasma flow. Sodium
      excretion rose to 16% of filtered load, whereas there was a chloriuresis of 23%.
      During maximal water diuresis, the drug caused an increase in urine flow rate and
      a decrease in solute-free water clearance. Administration of the drug during
      hypertonic saline infusion into hydropenic subjects resulted in a marked decrease
      in water reabsorption from the collecting duct. Torasemide caused no change in
      phosphate excretion or in the percentage of filtered bicarbonate excreted, nor
      was urinary pH or net hydrogen ion excretion affected by the drug. The data
      suggest that the primary site of action of torasemide is the medullary portion of
      the ascending limb of the loop of Henle.

PMID- 3392243
TI  - Alprazolam pharmacokinetics in women on low-dose oral contraceptives.
AB  - Sixteen women chronically using low-dose estrogen-containing oral contraceptive
      steroids (OCs) and 23 drug-free control women received a single 1-mg oral dose of
      alprazolam. Multiple plasma samples drawn during 48 hours after the dose were
      analyzed by electron-capture gas-liquid chromatography. There were no significant
      differences between controls and oral contraceptive users in alprazolam volume of
      distribution (1.27 versus 1.39 L/kg), elimination half-life (11.9 versus 12.3
      hours), total clearance (1.36 versus 1.39 mL/min/kg), or total area under the
      plasma concentration versus time curve (227 versus 243 ng/mL X hr). Alprazolam
      free fraction in plasma was slightly but significantly greater in the oral
      contraceptive group as opposed to the control group (28.4 versus 27.0% unbound),
      respectively. However, comparison of free clearance between groups revealed no
      significant difference (4.61 versus 4.89 mL/min/kg, respectively). Thus, low-dose
      estrogen-containing oral contraceptives do not significantly influence the
      metabolic clearance of alprazolam.

PMID- 3392245
TI  - Antipyrine pharmacokinetics in women receiving conjugated estrogens.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of a single 1.0 to 1.2-g intravenous dose of antipyrine was
      studied in 22 healthy female volunteers aged 28 to 70 years (mean, 45 years).
      Eleven subjects had been taking a conjugated estrogen preparation for at least 3
      months; the other 11 subjects who were not taking conjugated estrogens and who
      were matched for age, weight, and smoking patterns, served as a control group.
      Plasma antipyrine concentrations were determined by high-pressure liquid
      chromatography (HPLC) in multiple plasma samples drawn 24 to 48 hours after
      dosage. Mean +/- SE pharmacokinetic variables in control and conjugated-estrogen
      groups were volume of distribution, 0.57 +/- 0.02 versus 0.56 +/- 0.02 L/kg;
      elimination half-life, 11.0 +/- 0.82 versus 12.6 +/- 0.89 hours; and clearance,
      0.63 +/- 0.06 versus 0.54 +/- 0.03 mL/min/kg. None of the differences was
      significant. Although antipyrine clearance is significantly impaired by oral
      contraceptives, there is no evidence of altered antipyrine pharmacokinetics from
      treatment with conjugated estrogens.

PMID- 3392244
TI  - Serum binding of indapamide in health and disease: primary role of alpha 1-acid
      glycoprotein.
AB  - The serum concentrations of alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AAG), albumin (HSA), and
      non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), and the serum binding of indapamide were
      measured in four groups of individuals: control (healthy) subjects (N = 24),
      patients with inflammatory syndrome (N = 28), with hepatic (N = 20) and renal (N
      = 27) insufficiency. Indapamide serum binding was increased in patients with
      inflammatory syndrome (82.2 +/- 3.4%, P less than .001), decreased in patients
      with hepatic insufficiency (72.3 +/- 5.9%, P less than .001) and unchanged in
      patients with renal insufficiency (77.7 +/- 2.8%) as compared with controls (78.2
      +/- 3.1%). A multivariate analysis indicated that these changes were mainly
      related to concomitant changes in AAG concentration (that explained 63% of
      intersubject variability in bound/free binding ratio), and to a lesser extent to
      HSA (that explained only 4% of the variability in the binding). These data show
      that the free fraction of the acidic drug indapamide in serum is affected by
      pathologic conditions in which changes in AAG concentration occur and that,
      unexpectedly, HSA plays a negligible role in the binding.

PMID- 3392246
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of diltiazem in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory
      peritoneal dialysis.
AB  - The disposition of a single oral dose of diltiazem hydrochloride was studied in
      six male patients treated by continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Peak
      concentrations were obtained 2 to 4 hours postdose. The mean absorption rate
      constant was 0.94 +/- 0.21 (sd) hr-1, and the mean elimination half-life was 3.09
      +/- 1.16 hr. Serum levels of deacetyldiltiazem, a metabolite of diltiazem, were
      always below 10 ng/mL. The amounts of diltiazem and deacetyldiltiazem eliminated
      in dialysate over 24 hours represent less than 0.1% of the administered dose. The
      pharmacokinetic parameters of diltiazem determined in these patients did not
      differ from those determined in healthy volunteers and in patients suffering from
      end-stage renal disease.

PMID- 3392247
TI  - Histochemistry of mucins of pig intestinal secretory epithelial cells before and
      after weaning.
AB  - Two histochemical staining techniques, Alcian blue/PAS and high-iron
      diamine/Alcian blue, which differentiated neutral from sulphated and sialylated
      acid mucins were applied to sections of duodenum, ileum, caecum, colon and rectum
      from pigs aged one day, 3 weeks and 10 weeks. In each age group, sulphated-acid
      mucins predominated at all sites, particularly in the large intestine. In both
      the small and the large intestine, non-sulphated mucins occurred mainly at the
      bases of the crypts. Neutral mucins occurred in a few goblet cells in crypts and
      villi, either alone or together with acid mucins; neutral mucins increased away
      from the bases of the crypts. No changes were noted in the caecum, colon or
      rectum of pigs one, two, 5 or 13 days after weaning onto a diet containing soya
      protein. In the small intestine, there was a transient increase in the numbers of
      goblet cells in the crypts and villi, a relative increase in sulphated and a
      decrease in non-sulphated acid mucins and a change in the distribution of
      sulphated mucins in the crypts. No change in proportions of neutral and acid
      mucins was detected.

PMID- 3392249
TI  - Pulmonary changes associated with dead filariae (Dirofilaria immitis) and
      concurrent antigenic exposure in dogs.
AB  - Initially, a group of 5 dogs had their left pulmonary artery ligated 7 months
      prior to the insertion of filariae (Dirofilaria immitis). A second group of 3
      dogs was used as controls for the various components of the experiment. Antigen
      (D. immitis) was injected subcutaneously on 3 occasions and necropsy was
      performed 5 weeks after insertion of filariae. These results were then compared
      to those from the control dogs. With exposure to antigen, severe pulmonary
      arterial and parenchymal disease was produced in association with the insertion
      of dead D. immitis filariae into the pulmonary artery. In the dogs receiving
      antigen, the arterial and peri-arterial pathology was generally more intense and
      at a more advanced stage of organization than in the control animals.
      Interstitial pneumonitis was also more prominent in the antigen-stimulated dogs.
      The advanced nature of the reaction was also reflected in the skin histology of
      the injection sites. The pathology was similar to that reported for natural
      dirofilariasis and it appears that most of the pathology of dirofilariasis is
      associated with reactions to dead filariae or filarial by-products and concurrent
      antigenic experience.

PMID- 3392248
TI  - Biochemical changes associated with the fatty liver syndrome in cows.
AB  - There were significant changes in enzyme activities and concentrations of
      metabolites in the blood and liver of cows with fatty livers when compared to
      normal cows. Blood and liver samples were taken from cows at the abattoir
      immediately after slaughter. The liver was checked for pathological signs and the
      samples were divided according to the degree of fatty changes. Three groups were
      studied: controls showing no gross pathological signs, mild fatty infiltration
      and severe infiltration. In cows with fatty liver, there were significant
      increases in the serum activities of isocitric dehydrogenase (ICDH), glucose-6
      phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), glutamic dehydrogenase (GLDH), lactic
      dehydrogenase (LDH), malic dehydrogenase (MDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST),
      alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and acid phosphatase (ACP). In the fatty liver, the
      activities of the enzymes, ICDH, G6PDH, LDH, MDH, ALP and malic enzyme (ME) were
      significantly higher, while sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) was significantly lower.
      While serum total lipid decreased, the opposite was seen in the liver with higher
      lipid content, mainly due to triglycerides and cholesterol esters. The
      significant increases in the NADPH generating enzymes ME, ICDH, G6PDH and MDH,
      which are required for fatty acid synthesis, suggest that the lipids accumulated
      in the liver are not only of extrahepatic origin, mobilized into the liver, but
      also arise from increased lipid synthesis in the liver which is induced during
      the laying down of fat in the liver. Measurement of the serum NADPH generating
      enzymes may serve as a useful biochemical test specific for fatty liver in cows.

PMID- 3392250
TI  - Klossiella equi induced tubular nephrosis and interstitial nephritis in a pony.
AB  - Heavy renal infection in a pony with Klosiella equi resulted in moderate diffuse
      tubular nephrosis and tubular rupture. Multifocal non-suppurative interstitial
      nephritis was associated with ruptured tubules. Ultrastructural examination of
      sporoblasts demonstrated both the presence of a bilaminated membrane encasing
      organisms and nuclear budding. Endogenous corticosteroid production probably led
      to the development of an immune-compromized state and subsequent extensive
      parasitic replication.

PMID- 3392251
TI  - Chordoma in two ferrets.
AB  - Chordomas, characterized by lobules of vacuolated cells lying in a mucinous
      matrix, are described in 2 ferrets. This is the first report of this rare tumour
      of notochordal remnant origin in the ferret.

PMID- 3392252
TI  - The use of [185W] thiotungstates for tracer studies in secondary hypocuprosis in
      cattle.
AB  - [185W] thiotungstates were synthesized in-vitro and purified by techniques
      developed for thiomolybdates. [185W] trithiotungstate (15 mg W) injected
      intravenously into cattle was mainly associated with albumin albumin. The
      presence of the compound in plasma when injected in larger amounts (0.2 to 1 gW)
      caused an increase in albumin-bound copper and transiently depressed
      ceruloplasmin diamine oxidase activity. It is suggested that the long-lived, less
      costly 185W could prove a convenient alternative to 99Mo for tracer studies with
      labelled thio-compounds in animals.

PMID- 3392253
TI  - Computed tomography of pulmonary thromboembolism and infarction.
AB  - Computed tomographic findings in 18 patients with pulmonary thromboembolism are
      retrospectively reviewed. In the majority of patients, thromboembolism was not
      suspected clinically. The CT findings can be divided into two groups: vascular
      and parenchymal changes. The most frequent vascular findings is an intraluminal
      filling defect or defects due to thrombus. The most frequent parenchymal finding
      is a triangular (wedge-shaped) pleural-based soft tissue attenuation lesion.
      Although CT is not a primary diagnostic tool in the evaluation of pulmonary
      thromboembolism, CT may be helpful in diagnosis of pulmonary embolism, when
      evaluating an undiagnosed parenchymal density.

PMID- 3392254
TI  - MR imaging of low signal intensity pulmonary lesions using flow-sensitive
      techniques.
AB  - Various spin echo techniques can be used to define the nature of low signal
      intensity lesions of the lung. A pulmonary arteriovenous malformation and a
      chronic pulmonary hematoma had a similar appearance on standard spin echo
      magnetic resonance (MR) images. Both lesions demonstrated central absence of
      signal surrounded by a thin rim of tissue, suggesting a vascular lesion. For
      further characterization of these lesions, a rotating gated MR technique was used
      in which images are obtained at different points in the cardiac cycle, such that
      pulsatile flow alters signal intensity with velocity changes during the cardiac
      cycle. Phase images also discriminated flowing blood in the arteriovenous
      malformation from stationary lung tissues, whereas the hematoma was not
      distinguished from lung parenchyma. Rotating gated sequences and reconstructed
      phase images may be useful in determining the etiology of low signal intensity
      pulmonary lesions.

PMID- 3392255
TI  - Intracardiac extension of lung cancer via pulmonary veins: CT diagnosis.
AB  - Two cases of lung tumor in the left upper with neoplastic thrombus in the
      pulmonary veins and extension into the left atrium are reported. The diagnosis
      was made preoperatively with CT.

PMID- 3392256
TI  - Single breath-holding scans of the abdomen using FISP and FLASH at 1.5 T.
AB  - Single breath-holding gradient echo techniques fast imaging with steady-state
      free precession (FISP) and fast low angle shot (FLASH) images were evaluated in
      the study of the abdomen in 16 patients (13 liver, two kidney, and one pancreas
      examinations). Gradient echo images were compared retrospectively with
      conventional spin echo images for image quality (depiction of pathology and
      representation of anatomic detail), and contrast characteristics were evaluated.
      All lesions were shown on gradient echo images, and in three of 16 cases gradient
      echo images were more diagnostic than spin echo images. On both FISP and FLASH
      images, most hepatic metastases were hyperintense relative to normal liver. The
      predicted flip angles for maximal contrast for the liver were modeled from signal
      intensity equations for FISP and FLASH and yielded predicted flip angles of
      approximately 40-55 degrees for FISP and 15-25 degrees for FLASH. Peak signal-to
      noise ratio in liver of normal volunteers occurred at approximately 30 degrees
      for both FISP and FLASH. Single breath-holding gradient echo images are useful in
      the evaluation of abdominal structures and this study provides a framework for
      future work.

PMID- 3392257
TI  - Computed tomography of omental liver packs.
AB  - Hypodense liver lesions with attenuation coefficients indicative of fat density
      were seen on CT of three patients followed up for suspected metastatic spread of
      gastrointestinal malignancy. Knowledge of previous hepatic surgery using omental
      packing for hemostasis in the setting of liver trauma or lobectomy was useful in
      preventing a false-positive interpretation of postoperative complications.

PMID- 3392258
TI  - Computed tomography of the abnormal appendix.
AB  - This report describes the CT features of 29 abnormal appendices visualized during
      abdominal CT examinations. There were 22 cases of acute appendicitis, five
      mucoceles, and two mucinous adenocarcinomas of the appendix. The inflammed
      appendix appeared either as a fluid-filled slightly distended structure or as a
      collapsed small tubular structure. It was visualized on either cross or
      longitudinal sections and showed slight circumferential wall thickening.
      Periappendiceal inflammation was detected in 19 cases and intraluminal
      appendicoliths in six cases. Mucocele appeared as a larger fluid-filled round,
      oval, or tubular structure having a thin, sharp wall, low density contents, and
      no periappendiceal inflammation. Mucinous carcinoma appeared either as a single
      or as multiloculated, irregular shaped cystic lesion with solid elements.
      Infiltration of cecum and terminal ileum was seen in one case. In five cases the
      abnormal appendix was not recognized initially and was identified only after
      repeat 5 X 5 mm sections were obtained. During CT examination, demonstration of
      an abnormal appendix establishes the source of the abdominal pathology and helps
      greatly in the differential diagnosis.

PMID- 3392259
TI  - Normal aortoiliac diameters by CT.
AB  - In spite of the vital role CT plays in the evaluation of vascular disease, no
      standard CT derived dimensions for the abdominal aorta, iliac, and femoral
      arteries have been established. A retrospective study of the CT scans of 260
      patients was performed with patients separated by sex and age. Aortic diameter
      was measured at predetermined suprarenal, renal, and infrarenal locations and
      single measurements of the iliac and femoral arteries were made bilaterally. The
      vessel diameter was observed to gradually increase with age in both sexes. Men
      were found to have larger diameter vessels than age matched women. This pattern
      was noted at all levels measured. The normal range of vascular dimensions
      determined is presented.

PMID- 3392260
TI  - MR diagnosis of penile thrombosis.
AB  - Radiographic evaluation of the penis is difficult and essentially limited to
      invasive studies. We report cases of idiopathic and iatrogenic corpora cavernosa
      thromboses diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging.

PMID- 3392261
TI  - Imaging foreign glass and wooden bodies of the extremities with CT and MR.
AB  - This paper reviews our recent experience imaging glass and wooden foreign bodies
      of the extremities with magnetic resonance (MR) and CT. In all five cases the
      foreign bodies were detected by CT or MR or both. Only two of the foreign bodies
      were detected by plain radiography. Computed tomography and MR provided
      additional information regarding the adjacent tendons, neurovascular bundles, and
      muscle groups. The surrounding inflammatory reactions were accurately
      compartmentalized, and the extent of the disease along anatomic pathways of
      potential spread was demarcated. Magnetic resonance was superior to CT in soft
      tissue contrast resolution. Magnetic resonance and CT are not necessary for a
      case of acute foreign body injuries, but in complicated cases CT and MR may not
      only diagnose a foreign body but also serve to guide the surgical approach and
      extent of exploration.

PMID- 3392262
TI  - MR appearance of fibroxanthoma.
AB  - Magnetic resonance images of nine patients with 10 fibroxanthomas of bone were
      retrospectively reviewed. Eight of 10 lesions were characterized by a markedly
      decreased signal of both T1- and T2-weighted pulse sequences. This pattern of
      decreased signal intensities, when present, proved distinctive and has not been
      observed in other nonossified primary bone lesions. Possible etiologies for this
      observation are discussed.

PMID- 3392264
TI  - Computed tomography in amyloid goiter.
AB  - Two cases of amyloid goiter showed diffuse decreased density of enlarged thyroid
      on CT. The diffuse decreased density of amyloid goiter on CT is thought to
      represent large amount of adipose tissue often found in amyloid goiter. When
      diffuse decreased density of the enlarged thyroid is recognized on CT, amyloid
      goiter should enter into differential diagnosis.

PMID- 3392263
TI  - Precise determination of paraspinous musculature by quantitative CT.
AB  - The ability to quantify muscular size has important implications in monitoring
      the effects of muscle disorders, in assessing the efficacy of interventions aimed
      at abbreviating muscle atrophy, and in examining the association between muscle
      and bone as a correlate of osteoporosis. We have developed an autocontouring
      technique for the precise determination of paraspinous musculature that can be
      implemented as an adjunct to our current CT method of spinal trabecular
      densitometry without additional scanning time or radiation exposure. Using two
      distinct patient groups, we evaluated the validity of this technique by assessing
      intra- and interobserver variability. Using the average coefficient of variation
      (CV) as an estimate of precision, we found intraobserver variability to be
      essentially equivalent whether evaluated in young, healthy men (0.69%) or in
      older, mildly osteoporotic women (0.74%). When the muscle evaluations of two
      observers were compared, the variability was somewhat higher, 1.81 and 1.83% in
      older and younger subjects, respectively. We scanned an additional 10 subjects
      twice, with intermediate repositioning, and found the reproducibility (CV) of
      determining paraspinous muscle area to be 0.97%. Given this estimated high level
      of precision, we derived the approximate magnitude of change in muscle size that
      could be observed using two-point measurements in time. Small average changes, on
      the order of 1-2%, could be detected using small groups of subjects (10
      20/group). Moreover, we found that, even in the individual patient, relatively
      small changes (3-6%) could be detected given our low imprecision estimate. We
      believe this quantitative approach holds promise for monitoring muscle changes in
      vivo as well as for rigorously exploring the relationship between muscle and
      bone.

PMID- 3392265
TI  - MR imaging of thyroid hemochromatosis.
AB  - We present the magnetic resonance (MR) images of exogenous hemochromatosis in the
      thyroid gland. On both T1-weighted images and T2-weighted images the thyroid
      showed low intensity similar to that of the background. Magnetic resonance is of
      value in imaging the tissue deposition of iron. In assessing thyroid iron
      accumulation, MR is superior to CT because CT can not differentiate iron
      deposition from normal iodine concentration.

PMID- 3392266
TI  - CT evaluation of parathyroid adenomas: diagnostic criteria and pitfalls.
AB  - Sixty-three patients with biochemically proven primary hyperparathyroidism
      underwent CT of the neck and upper chest prior to surgery. All examinations were
      prospectively evaluated. Parathyroid adenomas were correctly identified on CT in
      81% of patients. Thyroid adenomas, tortuous vessels, the esophagus, and atypical
      parathyroid adenomas may be potential sources of error in the diagnosis of
      parathyroid adenomas.

PMID- 3392267
TI  - Computed tomography of bilateral thalamic hypodensity in acute encephalopathy.
AB  - Computed tomography revealed bilateral hypodensity of the thalamus in three
      patients with acute encephalopathy. In two cases the abnormal findings on CT
      persisted and were associated with severe neurological sequelae.

PMID- 3392268
TI  - MR imaging of cerebral hemiatrophy.
AB  - Computed tomography has been the procedure of choice in evaluation of cerebral
      hemiatrophy, particularly in those instances where plain radiographic studies of
      the skull are nondiagnostic. Our experience suggests that magnetic resonance (MR)
      can easily accomplish the same task. Furthermore, by virtue of its exquisite soft
      tissue detail, MR can afford additional clarity and information with respect to
      relative gray-white matter loss, subarachnoid space size, gyral deformity, as
      well as highlighting asymmetry of the cerebral peduncles, internal capsules and
      the thalami.

PMID- 3392269
TI  - MR imaging of the sellar spine.
AB  - Magnetic resonance images of two cases of sellar spine are reported. The sellar
      spine is an anatomical variant characterized by an osseous spine that arises in
      the midline from the dorsum sellae and protrudes into the pituitary fossa. On
      short repetition time/short echo time (T1-weighted) images the sellar spine is
      demonstrated as a hypointense structure within the high intensity posterior
      pituitary. We suggest that the sellar spine is the ossified remnant of the
      cephalic tip of the notochord.

PMID- 3392270
TI  - MR imaging of thoracic extradural arachnoid cysts.
AB  - Two extradural arachnoid cysts of the thoracic spine were studied with magnetic
      resonance imaging, myelography, and CT. Magnetic resonance imaging correctly
      characterized the extradural location of the cysts as well as the cyst contents
      as CSF, thus establishing the diagnosis. Magnetic resonance is helpful in the
      assessment of the extent of cord atrophy and myelomalacia and may be of
      predictive value in the postoperative prognosis.

PMID- 3392271
TI  - Calcified postinflammatory pseudotumor of the lung: CT features.
AB  - A densely calcified, large postinflammatory pseudotumor (plasma cell granuloma)
      in the lung of an 8-year-old girl is presented. The lesion mimicked a chondroid
      hamartoma on CT. Review of the literature revealed a small but significant
      incidence of calcification detected in plasma cell granuloma, despite what is
      commonly written in textbooks of radiologic diagnosis. Inflammatory pseudotumor
      in children is as likely as in adults to contain calcification and may be more
      likely to calcify.

PMID- 3392272
TI  - Cervical presentation of a large thymic cyst: CT appearance.
AB  - Large cystic masses presenting in the neck are usually the result of a
      developmental anomaly of the pharyngeal pouches and branchial clefts or are
      cystic hygromas. We present a cyst arising from vestigial thymic remnants in the
      neck.

PMID- 3392273
TI  - Aneurysmal dilatation of a patent umbilical vein masquerading as a pancreatic
      pseudocyst: CT characteristics.
AB  - A large cystic mass in a jaundiced patient had the appearance by sonography of a
      pancreatic pseudocyst. Computed tomography showed that the mass represented an
      aneurysmally dilated patent umbilical vein.

PMID- 3392274
TI  - Histoplasmosis involving the omentum in an AIDS patient: CT demonstration.
AB  - The anatomy and pathology of the greater omentum as demonstrated by CT has been
      well described. Approximately 80% of cases of omental pathology are caused by
      malignancy and the remaining 20% are the result of inflammatory disease, mainly
      tuberculosis or pancreatitis. Histoplasmosis has not been previously reported to
      involve the greater omentum. We report a case of disseminated histoplasmosis that
      presented with infiltration of the greater omentum and the small bowel mesentery
      in a patient with acquired immuno-deficiency syndrome.

PMID- 3392275
TI  - Tuberous sclerosis with aortic aneurysm and rib changes: CT demonstration.
AB  - A 24-year-old man with tuberous sclerosis was found to have an aneurysm arising
      from the abdominal aorta and rib changes including sclerotic thickening, wavy
      periosteal new bone formation, and a cortical defect filled with soft tissue
      density.

PMID- 3392277
TI  - Primary fallopian tube adenocarcinoma presenting as a hydrosalpinx: CT
      appearance.
AB  - A case of adenocarcinoma of the fallopian tube that presented as a small mucosal
      papillary growth in a large, otherwise noncomplicated hydrosalpinx is reported.
      Computed tomography clearly delineated the mucosal tumor and characteristic
      unilateral tubular shaped adnexal mass of the hydrosalpinx which was easily
      distinguishable from ovarian cystic masses.

PMID- 3392276
TI  - Computed tomography of renal lymphomatoid granulomatosis.
AB  - Lymphomatoid granulomatosis is an uncommon disease that primarily involves the
      lungs. Although renal involvement has been demonstrated to be common in autopsy
      series, the CT appearance has not been previously described. In this report a
      patient with verified pulmonary lymphomatoid granulomatosis was demonstrated to
      have bilateral, nodular renal masses by CT which regressed completely with
      treatment. Although not pathologically proven, this is presumed to represent
      renal involvement by lymphomatoid granulomatosis.

PMID- 3392278
TI  - Seminal vesicle tuberculosis: CT appearance.
AB  - We describe the CT findings of tuberculosis of the seminal vesicles and show how
      CT is useful to evaluate the extent and nature of the disease.

PMID- 3392279
TI  - Computed tomography of isolated dissecting aneurysm of superior mesenteric
      artery.
AB  - A case of an isolated dissecting aneurysm of the superior mesenteric artery is
      presented with special references to the findings of CT and angiography. Intimal
      flaps and the true or false lumina were well identified on thin-section CT with
      contrast enhancement.

PMID- 3392280
TI  - Infiltrating angiolipoma of skeletal muscle: MR findings.
AB  - Infiltrating angiolipoma of skeletal muscle is a rare benign tumor that has a
      tendency to recur unless completely excised. Although CT and angiography have
      been used to determine its extent, they will not allow a definite diagnosis. We
      present magnetic resonance findings and assert that an accurate preoperative
      diagnosis can be made based on those findings.

PMID- 3392281
TI  - Primary cervical neuroblastoma: CT and MR findings.
AB  - Primary cervical neuroblastomas are rare and account for less than 2.3% of all
      neuroblastomas. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance provide good staging
      of the primary site and are extremely helpful in the differential diagnosis. They
      also allow a better planning of therapy by showing involvement of the surrounding
      structures and the exact extension of this solid tumor.

PMID- 3392282
TI  - MR imaging of a lymphangioma involving the masseter muscle.
AB  - Lymphangiomas and cystic hygromas are tumors of lymphatic origin that are
      relatively common in the head and neck area. However, based on our literature
      review of this subject, the masseter muscle has never been implicated as a
      primary tumor site. It is our purpose to report such a case and to emphasize the
      value of magnetic resonance imaging for diagnosing a mass located in the
      masseteric region.

PMID- 3392283
TI  - Cervical esophageal duplication cyst: MR imaging.
AB  - Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was performed in the evaluation of a cervical
      esophageal duplication cyst in a 9-month-old infant. The value of MR in the
      assessment of the origin of this cystic lesion as well as the nature of its
      contents is discussed.

PMID- 3392284
TI  - Diagnosis and follow-up of mitochondrial encephalomyopathy: CT and MR studies.
AB  - A case of mitochondrial encephalomyopathy followed by CT and magnetic resonance
      is reported. Magnetic resonance showed the cortical lesions of the disease better
      than CT but CT was superior in demonstrating basal calcium deposits, a nearly
      constant element of the disease.

PMID- 3392285
TI  - Computed tomography of gliomatosis cerebri.
AB  - Gliomatosis cerebri, a rare diffusely infiltrating astrocytoma, was discovered on
      the postmortem examination of a 22-year-old woman with a 13 year history of
      seizures. Computed tomography of the brain revealed bifrontal white matter low
      density changes that were most consistent with a demyelinating or dysmyelinating
      disorder.

PMID- 3392286
TI  - Infrasellar craniopharyngioma: CT and MR studies.
AB  - A rare case of an infrasellar craniopharyngioma is reported. Pathological proof
      and CT and magnetic resonance (MR) images of the tumor are presented. This case
      is thought to demonstrate the first example of MR images of an infrasellar
      craniopharyngioma. Evidence suggesting that the tumor originated from an
      infrasellar location is presented.

PMID- 3392288
TI  - Metatarsal penciling in acromegaly: a proposed mechanism based on CT findings.

PMID- 3392287
TI  - Intradural extramedullary ependymoma: MR-pathologic correlation.
AB  - An encapsulated, intradural, extramedullary ependymoma of the midthoracic spinal
      cord appeared hyperintense relative to normal spinal cord on long repetition time
      (TR)/long echo time (TE) images and nearly isointense to cord on short TR/short
      TE images. Clinical history, myelography, magnetic resonance of the tumor in vivo
      and of the fresh intact specimen, and histopathology are presented.

PMID- 3392289
TI  - Pleural liposarcoma: CT diagnosis.

PMID- 3392290
TI  - CT demonstration of traumatic ventral hernia.

PMID- 3392291
TI  - CT findings in noma.

PMID- 3392293
TI  - Herniated lumbar disk shown by dynamic computed tomography.

PMID- 3392292
TI  - Post-traumatic coronoid process impingement on zygomatic arch: CT demonstration.

PMID- 3392294
TI  - CT guided lateral C1-C2 puncture.
AB  - A technique for CT guided intrathecal contrast material administration via
      lateral C1-C2 puncture is described as an efficient strategy for evaluation of
      patients with recent cervical spine injury and quadriplegia.

PMID- 3392295
TI  - Protein synthesis and degradation in the mammary gland of lactating goats.
AB  - Lactating goats were given a close arterial infusion of [1-14C]leucine and [4,5
      3H]4-methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid into one half of the mammary gland at 2-3 weeks
      and 34-39 weeks after kidding. Rates of protein synthesis, degradation and net
      output were determined from measurements of arteriovenous difference and blood
      flow using a model of leucine metabolism previously developed for muscle (Oddy &
      Lindsay, 1986). Protein leucine output in milk (Y mumol/min) correlated well with
      the difference between synthesis and degradation (X mumol/min) derived from the
      model: Y = 1.30 + 1.24X (r2 = 0.9; n = 9, P less than 0.01). There was
      substantial synthesis and degradation of protein within the mammary gland.
      Although only an approximate value could be obtained for the partitioning of
      protein synthesis and degradation between tissue and milk proteins, there was
      evidence of appreciable turnover of both. There was no significant difference
      between mammary leucine and protein metabolism in early and late lactation other
      than that imparted by a greater mass of mammary tissue in early lactation,
      although there was a tendency for greater oxidation of leucine in late lactation.

PMID- 3392296
TI  - Growth and feed efficiency of pureline and crossline dairy heifers.
AB  - Data on 3957 heifers from the Holstein H line, Ayrshire-based A line, and C line
      (crossbreds between H and A lines) were used. Growth, feed consumption, and feed
      efficiency from 26 to 34 wk were examined. The full model included the fixed
      effects of herd, year of birth, season of birth, and additive, maternal, and
      heterotic genetic effects with 26-wk weight as a covariate. Heterotic and
      maternal effects were not significant. Adjusted for the 26-wk weight covariate, H
      line heifers gained 3 kg more than A line heifers with C line heifers
      intermediate. Adjusted for 26 and 34-wk weight covariates, H line heifers ate 2
      kg less TDN than A line heifers and, hence, were more efficient. Correlations
      among traits were estimated using the residual variance-covariance matrix from
      the full model. Body weight at 34 wk was correlated with 26-wk weight (r = .88)
      but essentially independent of rate of gain (r = .02). It was correlated with
      feed consumed (r = .51) and negatively associated with gain/feed consumed (r = 
      .25). Gain was correlated (r = .84) with gain/feed consumed but mildly so (r =
      .28) with feed consumed. Feed consumption was negatively correlated (r = -.25)
      with gain/feed consumed when the 26-wk weight covariate was included but became
      much larger (r = -.95) when both 26 and 34 wk weight covariates were included.
      Although genetic differences in feed consumption and feed efficiency of growing
      heifers exist, these are small and closely associated with weights and weight
      gains.

PMID- 3392297
TI  - Factors affecting length of herdlife in purebred and crossbred dairy cattle.
AB  - The proportional hazards model with censoring was used to assess the effects of
      breeding value, disease, calving, size, and udder and lactation traits on length
      of herdlife of 3881 heifers in five herds. Data were recorded over 10 yr from
      three lines: a Holstein line, an Ayrshire-based line, and a crossbred line.
      Influences on survival were assessed from data collected at birth, 34, 50, and 82
      wk, first freshening, and at 112 and 308 d postpartum. Median estimated herdlife
      (age at 50% culling) was 3.9 yr for animals alive at first freshening and
      increased to 4.3 yr for those that completed a first lactation (308 d
      postpartum). Herds differed greatly in the pattern of culling after freshening.
      Crossbred females had 21 wk longer median estimated herdlife than the mean of the
      purelines at 308 d postpartum. Individual milk yield was positively associated
      with longevity and had the greatest impact on length of herdlife. Abortion and
      fertility measured as days to last insemination were negatively associated with
      length of herdlife. Large heifers tended to have increased longevity. High feed
      intake postpartum was associated with reduced length of herdlife. Objective
      measures of conformation, which included measurements of the udder, were not
      important in determining herdlife.

PMID- 3392298
TI  - Measuring genetic change in a dairy herd using a control population.
AB  - A selection experiment was conducted to assess the change in production resulting
      from selection with artificial insemination using a randomly maintained control.
      The experiment continued for 16 yr with approximately 20 lactations in each of
      the two breeding groups annually. Selection and control production was compared
      using 1) intraseason herdmate comparisons (weighted) and 2) mixed model maximum
      likelihood estimates of year-season effects (adjusted). The regressions of
      differences in milk yield on years for the two approaches were 110 kg for milk
      (weighted) and 108 kg for milk (adjusted), corrected for inbreeding. The
      regressions for fat were 3.9 kg for fat (weighted) and 4.2 kg for fat (adjusted).
      These regression coefficients were 1.6 and 1.5% of the least squares means for
      milk (6987 kg) and fat (259 kg), respectively. Definitive trends were not evident
      for differences between the two groups in percent fat, percent SNF, days open,
      final type classification score, or heart girth. Even with the limited numbers in
      the closed control population, inbreeding, and nonrandomness in culling of
      females or in the choice of dams of bulls appeared to have little impact on
      control mean during the 16 yr.

PMID- 3392299
TI  - Joint sire and cow evaluation for conformation traits using an individual animal
      model.
AB  - A joint sire and cow evaluation for selected type traits has been carried out for
      the Canadian Holstein population using an individual animal model accounting for
      all known relationships. Only first lactation, first classification linear
      records were utilized. Linear scores for final class/final score (combined), feet
      and legs, mammary system, and stature were analyzed. The model of analysis
      included animals' additive genetic merit as random and herd-round-classifier
      subclasses as fixed effects. Calving age and stage of lactation at classification
      were fitted as linear and quadratic covariables. There were 282,030 cows with
      records, 198,871 dams without records, and 8481 sires (i.e., 489,382 animals in
      total). Combined with 33,968 herd-round-classifier effects in 9654 herds and four
      regression coefficients, a system of 523,354 equations required simultaneous
      solution. Solutions were obtained iteratively for one trait at a time. The
      computing strategy utilized is described, and a detailed worked example is given.
      Correlations between sire proofs and the current Holstein sire proofs were .89 to
      .96 for sires with at least 20 daughters in five or more herds. Correlations
      between cow indexes and phenotypic scores ranged from .53 to .76. The coefficient
      of determination in a multiple regression of daughter's index on dam's index and
      sire's and maternal grandsire's proof was 78 to 92% but only 59 to 83% when dam's
      index was replaced by dam's phenotypic record.

PMID- 3392300
TI  - Effect of beta-carotene and vitamin A on progesterone production by bovine luteal
      cells.
AB  - The relationship between concentrations of plasma vitamin A and c-carotene and
      corpora lutea was studied using 52 Holstein cows. Bovine luteinizing hormone was
      added to incubation tubes in doses of 0, 10, or 100 ng/ml. Regression of
      progesterone secretion by luteal cells in vitro on plasma beta-carotene was
      positive and significant for corpora lutea collected during the winter months
      when plasma beta-carotene was low. The two were unrelated during the summer
      months when beta-carotene was higher. Similar regressions for in vitro
      progesterone production and vitamin A were not significant in either season.
      These results suggest that in vivo beta-carotene status is related to bovine
      luteal function in vitro.

PMID- 3392301
TI  - Association between energy balance and luteal function in lactating dairy cows.
AB  - Our objective was to determine the relationship between energy balance and
      secretion of progesterone in lactating dairy cows. Eight primiparous and 24
      multiparous lactating Holstein cows were studied from parturition to 100 d
      postpartum or conception. Cows calved normally and remained healthy throughout
      the study. All cows were fed ad libitum a total mixed diet formulated to satisfy
      requirements for maintenance and lactation. Intake of feed and production of milk
      per cow were measured twice daily. Body weight was determined weekly. Daily
      energy balance was determined by subtracting energy required for maintenance and
      lactation from intake of energy. Concentrations of progesterone were determined
      in milk sampled every 3rd d. For at least 4 successive d postpartum, 81% of cows
      were in negative energy balance. Variation in energy balance was explained
      largely by intake of energy. Duration of luteal phases was not associated with
      energy balance. Energy balance within 9 d postpartum was correlated positively
      with concentration of progesterone within second and third postpartum luteal
      phase. Postpartum interval to nadir and magnitude of nadir of energy balance
      interacted to reduce progesterone within second and third postpartum estrous
      cycles. Thus, in lactating cows, secretion of progesterone is reduced by
      spontaneous caloric deficit and is modulated by timing and magnitude of maximal
      caloric deficit. Spontaneous caloric deficit is a potential source of infertility
      in lactating dairy cows.

PMID- 3392302
TI  - Thermal, productive, and reproductive responses of high yielding cows exposed to
      short-term cooling in summer.
AB  - Effect of cooling on body temperature, milk production, estrous behavior, and
      reproductive performance was examined in 66 estrous-synchronized, Israeli
      Holstein dairy cows. Cooling was by an automated system, which actuated
      sprinkling (30 s) followed by forced ventilation (4.5 min) for 30-min periods.
      Cows were cooled 9 times/d between 0500 and 2100 h over 10 d, starting 1 d before
      expected estrus until d 8 post estrus. Cooling reduced typical diurnal rise of
      body temperature in summer heat-stressed cows by .5 to .9 degrees C, and body
      temperature was maintained close to normothermic temperature (38.6 degrees C).
      Milk production of cooled cows was 2.6 kg/d (+8%) above control at end of the
      cooling period. More cooled cows than noncooled exhibited standing estrous
      behavior; in noncooled cows, silent ovulations or anestrus were more frequent.
      Conception rate of cooled cows did not differ from control, suggesting need for a
      longer than a 10-d cooling period for improvement of fertility. The cooling
      system has potential to alleviate heat stress in dairy cows and to improve their
      thermal balance, productive, and reproductive performances.

PMID- 3392304
TI  - Identifying features, performance, and limitations of dairy ration formulation
      software: a comparison of three ration formulation programs.
AB  - A method for evaluating and selecting dairy ration formulation software for
      microcomputers is presented. Information obtained from a survey of practicing
      nutritionists and from interviews with computer programmers was used to identify
      users' needs, desired features, and patterns of use. A benchmark problem
      consisting of 15 activities frequently required in designing dairy rations was
      developed to evaluate ease of use, ease of learning, and software performance.
      Ease of use was measured by counting keystrokes and recording time required by a
      user familiar with these ration formulation programs to complete the benchmark
      problem. Ease of learning was measured as the amount of help and time needed by
      users unfamiliar with this software to complete the benchmark problem. Software
      performance was measured by speed of formulation, ration costs, ingredients and
      amounts selected, and nutrient content of rations. Evaluation of three
      commercially available software applications was made using the method developed.

PMID- 3392303
TI  - Effects of a hot climate on the performance of first lactation Holstein cows
      grouped by coat color.
AB  - Dairy Herd Improvement data from 432 Holstein cows were analyzed to determine if
      coat color was a significant source of variation in the performance of first
      lactation cows in a hot climate. One of three coat color scores was subjectively
      assigned to first lactation Holstein cows. White coat color was less than 40%
      black (15% of the cows), mixed coat color was 40 to 60% black (42% of the cows),
      and black coat color was greater than 60% black (43% of the cows). Coat color by
      season of freshening interaction was not an important source of variation for any
      of the production traits studied; but cows were cooled during the first 130 d of
      lactation, perhaps removing any advantage white cows may have had during the
      summer months. The interaction between coat color and season of freshening was
      significant for days open and services per conception. White cows freshening in
      February and March required fewer services per conception and had fewer open days
      than the mixed and black cows. The heritability estimate of coat color was .22
      using a paternal half-sib analysis. Additional studies, with more white cows
      represented, would be useful to elucidate the effects of coat color on production
      in a hot climate.

PMID- 3392305
TI  - Molecular cytogenetics of cattle: a genomic approach to disease resistance and
      productivity.
AB  - Classical cytogenetics has been merged with somatic cell and molecular genetics
      to facilitate mapping of the bovine genome. A physical map is presently being
      generated by the use of hybrid somatic cells and in situ hybridization to assign
      genes to chromosomes. A complementary genetic map is being generated by analysis
      of recombination of polymorphic loci, many of them identified with the same
      cloned DNA probes used for physical mapping. The eventual utilization of this map
      for selective breeding of disease resistance and productivity is dependent on the
      saturation of the map with polymorphic markers at a density that will assure
      linkage of genes influencing desirable phenotypes with at least one polymorphic
      marker. The identification of regions of chromosomal conservation among cattle,
      mice, and humans is being exploited to facilitate the saturation of the bovine
      map with useful markers.

PMID- 3392306
TI  - Characteristics of purified cows' milk xanthine oxidase and its submolecular
      characteristics.
AB  - Xanthine oxidase (EC 1.2.3.2) was purified from fresh cows' milk by differential
      centrifugation and hydroxylapatite chromatography in the absence of reducing
      agents and proteases. The purified isolate possessed an absorbance at 280
      nm:absorbance at 450 nm ratio of 4.84; an absorbance (1 cm at 280 nm 1%) of 11.9;
      an activity:absorbance at 450 nm of 141, a specific activity of 3.59 units/mg;
      and detectable dehydrogenase activity. The enzyme preparation was obtained in a
      reversible oxidase form that could be partially converted to xanthine
      dehydrogenase in the presence of 10mM dithiothreitol or 1% mercaptoethanol. Amino
      acid analyses revealed that the enzyme was hydrophobic in nature and that lysine
      constituted its N-terminal residue. The protein contained 22 disulfide and 38
      sulfhydryl groups, four of which were detectable in the undenatured protein
      complex. Discontinuous PAGE in the presence of selected dissociation agents did
      not result in further resolution. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-PAGE of the purified
      enzyme revealed a sharp zone with a molecular weight of 151,000 +/- 4000 (i.e.,
      monomer). The purified enzyme exhibited oxidase activity in the presence of 6 M
      urea and following limited proteolysis by trypsin, chymotrypsin, plasmin,
      pancreatin, pepsin, and papain. Proteolyzed xanthine oxidase migrated as a single
      zone in polyacrylamide gels in the presence and absence of dissociating agents
      such as 1% mercaptoethanol and 6 M urea. Restricted digestion of xanthine oxidase
      by proteases was indicated by the presence of three major zones with molecular
      weights ranging from 85,000 to 100,000, 30,000 to 35,000, and 18,000 to 20,000
      commonly observed in SDS gels. Amino acid profiles of the principal peptidyl
      fragments of trypsin-cleaved xanthine oxidase indicated their hydrophobic nature
      and lysine as the N-terminal residue for all fragments.

PMID- 3392307
TI  - Effect of pregnancy, milk yield, and somatic cell count on bovine milk fat
      hydrolysis.
AB  - During 12 mo, 1818 milk samples were collected from Holsteins and Jerseys (n =
      261) to evaluate effects of advancing lactation and pregnancy on milk fat
      hydrolysis. Aliquots, cooled immediately and stored 48 h at 4 degrees C, were
      analyzed for free fatty acid content. Holsteins had higher acid degree values
      than Jerseys (.90 vs. .62). No difference in values was detected between
      alternate a.m. (.74) and p.m. (.76) sampling times. Repeatability of acid degree
      values from lactation to lactation was low (.22). Days in milk, days pregnant,
      and milk yield had curvilinear effects on acid degree values, whereas SCC effects
      were linear. Estimated acid degree value at 335 d in milk (average dry-off) was
      lowered from .80 to .63 when adjusted for days pregnant and to .48 when adjusted
      also for milk yield. These responses agree with the increased acid degree values
      associated with two late lactation events: increasing day pregnant and decreasing
      milk yield. Estrogen secreted by the developing fetal-placental unit could
      mediate changes in milk composition that promote milk fat hydrolysis.

PMID- 3392310
TI  - Wet corn gluten feed as a supplement for lactating dairy cattle and growing
      heifers.
AB  - A lactation trial and a heifer growth trial were conducted to evaluate use of wet
      corn gluten feed by dairy herds. Twelve multiparous and 4 primiparous Holsteins
      were assigned to 4 x 4 Latin squares blocked according to previous production or
      parity. Animals received increasing amounts of wet corn gluten feed, up to 36% of
      ration DM, in place of a dry corn and soybean meal concentrate mixture. Each
      kilogram of wet corn gluten feed DM replaced .9 kg concentrate DM. Diets were
      based on ensiled forage with 33% of forage DM from wilted alfalfa silage and the
      remainder from corn silage. Forage and supplement were fed separately. Milk
      production, composition, and DM intake were not affected by increased feeding of
      wet corn gluten feed. Higher producing cows performed well on this feed. Wet corn
      gluten feed was generally acceptable when fed separately, but two animals refused
      sizable portions when fed the highest amount. Wet corn gluten feed can be
      utilized in traditional stall feeding of dairy cattle, and individual feeding
      should allow better management of this feed resource by limiting the amount
      offered to cattle that find it unpalatable. Wet corn gluten feed is also an
      adequate supplement for raising dairy replacements, allowing more rapid
      utilization of this perishable feed resource by the dairy herd.

PMID- 3392309
TI  - Response of dairy cows in early lactation to sodium hydroxide-treated soybean
      meal.
AB  - To determine effects of protein and rumen degradability in rations for early
      lactation cows, four diets (44:56 roughage:concentrate) were formulated to
      contain 15 or 17.5% CP and supplemental protein from untreated or NaOH-treated
      soybean meal. Diets were allocated to 34 multiparous Holstein cows from d 22 to
      91 of lactation. Treatment means adjusted by covariance using data from d 10 to
      21 for average daily milk (kg), milk fat (%), milk protein (%), and SCM (kg)
      were: 15% untreated 32.9, 3.54, 3.16, and 31.3; 15% NaOH-treated 31.1, 3.59,
      3.08, and 29.6; 17.5% untreated 32.2, 3.70, 3.30, and 31.2; and 17.5% NaOH
      treated 32.6, 3.58, 3.17, and 30.8. Increasing dietary protein percent raised
      milk protein percent but not protein yield or yield of other milk components,
      milk yield, SCM yield, or DM intake. Protein source had no effect on production
      or feed intake. Decreasing dietary protein percentage and use of NaOH-treated
      soybean meal reduced rumen ammonia. Degradation of protein in feeds was
      determined in four rumen fistulated lactating cows. Sodium hydroxide treatment of
      soybean meal reduced protein degradation in situ.

PMID- 3392311
TI  - Feeding and management of dairy heifers for optimal lifetime productivity.
AB  - A total of 433 Holstein heifer calves were fed two different energy amounts from
      6 wk of age to breeding weight to determine the effect of early nutrition and age
      at first calving on lifetime performance. A control group of 182 heifers was fed
      according to the Beltsville growth standard. A second group of 251 heifers was
      accelerated in growth by providing more energy during early development. Both
      groups of heifers were bred at a minimum weight of 340 kg. Average ages at first
      calving for control and accelerated heifers were 24.6 mo and 22.2 mo with
      corresponding 305-d first lactation unadjusted milk production values of 6985 and
      6729 kg and unadjusted milk fat yields of 222 and 216 kg. Average 305-d milk
      production values through subsequent lactations for control and accelerated
      animals, were lactation 2, 7790, 7842 kg; lactation 3, 8200, 8330 kg; lactation
      4, 9481, 9134 kg; lactation 5, 9865, 9588 kg; lactation 6, 9515, 10,108;
      lactation 7, 9661, 10,112. Average total milk yields over five lactations were
      42,321 and 41,623 kg. Percentages of cows remaining in the herd after five
      lactations were 19 and 18 for control and accelerated animals. Reproductive
      problems, mastitis, and deaths accounted for 70% of cows leaving the herd and did
      not differ between treatment groups.

PMID- 3392308
TI  - Lactational responses to dietary magnesium, potassium, and sodium during winter
      in Florida.
AB  - Forty-eight midlactation Holstein cows were used to evaluate dietary treatments
      arranged as a 4 x 2 x 2 factorial: .26, .38, .48, or .60% Mg, .24 or .62% Na, and
      1.14 or 1.59% K. Supplemental Mg, K, and Na were supplied by feed-grade magnesium
      phosphate, potassium bicarbonate, or sodium chloride. All dietary treatments were
      equal in Ca and P. There were no effects of dietary Na or K on feed intake or
      milk production. Feed intakes were equal with .26, .38, and .48% Mg but declined
      4.9% with .60% Mg. Milk yields responded curvilinearly to dietary Mg. Similarly,
      4% FCM yields responded curvilinearly, increasing 7% with .48% Mg compared with
      .26% Mg then declining with .60% Mg. Milk fat percentages were unaffected by
      dietary Mg concentration, but milk fat yields responded curvilinearly. Milk
      protein percentages declined linearly as dietary Mg increased. Plasma Mg
      concentrations increased linearly from 2.52 to 2.68 mg/dl as dietary Mg
      increased. Renal fractional excretions of Ca responded curvilinearly as dietary
      Mg increased and decreased as dietary K increased. Results of this experiment
      suggested that current recommendations for dietary Mg do not maximize lactational
      performance. A companion laboratory experiment showed that feed-grade magnesium
      phosphate had less alkalizing capacity than two MgO sources.

PMID- 3392312
TI  - Planning and staffing an appropriate outpatient facility.
AB  - Even a thoroughly trained, highly skilled cosmetic surgeon will lead a
      professional life of frustration without the ancillary staff and facilities
      appropriate to such a field. Planning and staffing an efficient outpatient
      facility is as important to the cosmetic surgeon as learning the technical skills
      of his trade.

PMID- 3392313
TI  - A new, more flexible mechanism and method of liposuction.
AB  - We present a new system for liposuction, formed from a blend of presently
      existing and simple parts. It is free of the mechanical breakdown problems and is
      not nearly as tiring as the recently developed "syringe-cannula-only" system. The
      system has other benefits that will be described. We will also discuss the full
      use of this simple instrument so that it may be mastered immediately by the
      reader. Because it is a major improvement over the "syringe-cannula-only" method,
      we expect this system to see vast clinical utility in the future. Now every
      physician who is appropriately trained can perform an efficient liposuction
      without expensive machinery, exhaustion, or fear of a mechanical breakdown.

PMID- 3392314
TI  - Management considerations for cutaneous neurophilic tumors.
AB  - The proper management of patients with neurophilic skin cancers is often quite
      difficult. When present, neurophilic invasion significantly worsens the
      prognosis. Important considerations for managing patients with cutaneous
      neurophilic tumors and illustrative cases are presented.

PMID- 3392315
TI  - Electrosurgery using insulated needles: treatment of axillary bromhidrosis and
      hyperhidrosis.
AB  - This paper deals with operative techniques and clinical aspects of electrically
      treating axillary bromhidrosis and hyperhidrosis using insulated needles. Most
      patients were treated 5 or 6 times using 2 types of needles, one for
      electroelimination of sweat glands and the other mainly for epilation. The
      results for most patients were satisfactory, with scarring occurring only in the
      early developmental stages of the technique.

PMID- 3392316
TI  - Basal cell carcinomas arising in chronic lymphedema.
AB  - A unique case is presented of basal cell carcinomas arising in chronic lymphedema
      of the lower extremity. The lesions were successfully treated with the CO2 laser.

PMID- 3392318
TI  - Opportunities in face of a supply crisis.

PMID- 3392317
TI  - Standards of care for the patient with a percutaneous nephrostomy tube.

PMID- 3392319
TI  - Nursing management of the AIDS patient at home.

PMID- 3392320
TI  - Common conditions requiring gastrointestinal stomas in infants.

PMID- 3392322
TI  - Challenges in creating convexity: a management method.

PMID- 3392323
TI  - Abstracts of the 4th European Congress on Intensive Care Medicine. Baveno-Stresa,
      Italy, June 14-18, 1988.

PMID- 3392321
TI  - Diaper dermatitis in the hospitalized child.

PMID- 3392324
TI  - Early recovery of left ventricular function after thrombolytic therapy for acute
      myocardial infarction: an important determinant of survival.
AB  - Thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction reduces early mortality, but
      full recovery of left ventricular function after reperfusion is delayed.
      Therefore, the relations among reperfusion, survival and the time course of left
      ventricular functional recovery were examined in 226 patients treated with
      intracoronary streptokinase; 77% (134 patients) had sustained reperfusion and 31
      patients had no reperfusion or had reocclusion by day 3. Wall motion was measured
      from contrast ventriculograms performed in the acute period and 3 days later in
      the central and peripheral infarct regions and the noninfarct region by the
      centerline method in 165 patients. Patients with reperfusion had better survival
      (p less than 0.05, mean follow-up 4.5 years) and a higher ejection fraction at 3
      days (52 +/- 12 versus 46 +/- 10%, p less than 0.02) attributable to a
      significantly different change in peripheral infarct region function between the
      acute and 3 day studies (0.1 +/- 1.0 versus -0.3 +/- 0.9 SD, p less than 0.05).
      These early functional changes were significant in patients with anterior
      myocardial infarction and showed similar trends in those with inferior myocardial
      infarction. On Cox regression analysis, function measured at 3 days was more
      predictive of survival than was function measured acutely (chi square for acute
      ejection fraction = 11.48 versus 24.59 at 3 days). Although, as previously
      reported, greater than 45% of total recovery of left ventricular function occurs
      later, the ejection fraction achieved by day 3 is already predictive of survival.
      Thus, the mechanism by which successful thrombolytic therapy enhances survival is
      improvement of regional and global left ventricular function early after acute
      myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3392325
TI  - Dental pain threshold and angina pectoris in patients with coronary artery
      disease.
AB  - One hundred eight consecutive patients with proved coronary artery disease and
      reproducible exercise-induced myocardial ischemia were studied. During repeated
      exercise testing, 52 patients (Group I) had myocardial ischemia in the absence of
      pain (silent ischemia) whereas 56 patients (Group II) experienced anginal
      symptoms in the presence of electrocardiographic signs of ischemia. A pulpal test
      was carried out in all patients using an electrical dental stimulator commonly
      used in dentistry. Electrical current was delivered in increasing intensity from
      10 to 500 mA, and the dental pain threshold and the reaction of the patients to
      maximal stimulation were determined. During the pulpal test, 71.2% of the
      patients in Group I did not experience pain, even at maximal stimulation
      (threshold 0), 11.5% were sensitive at threshold I (10 to 200 mA) and 17.3% felt
      pain at threshold II (210 to 500 mA). In Group II, 69.7% of the patients
      complained of dental pain at the low intensity test current (threshold I), 10.7%
      at threshold II and 19.6% at threshold 0. In Group I, 71.2% of patients did not
      have discomfort (reaction -), even at maximal stimulation, 21.1% had a mild
      reaction (reaction +) and 7.7% had an intense painful reaction (reaction ++). In
      Group II, 80.4% of patients were sensitive to the pulpar test (67.9% reported
      intense painful sensation at maximal stimulation, 12.5% had a mild reaction);
      19.6% of patients had no reaction. The two groups of patients were similar with
      respect to age, sex and angiographic features.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3392326
TI  - Hemodynamic, ventilatory and metabolic effects of light isometric exercise in
      patients with chronic heart failure.
AB  - Light isometric exercise, such as lifting or carrying loads that require 25% of a
      maximal voluntary contraction, is frequently reported to cause dyspnea in
      patients with heart failure. The pathophysiologic mechanisms responsible for the
      appearance of this symptom, however, are unknown. Accordingly, hemodynamic,
      metabolic and ventilatory responses to 6 min of light isometric forearm exercise
      were examined and compared in 20 patients with chronic heart failure and abnormal
      ejection fraction (24 +/- 9%) and 17 normal individuals. In contrast to findings
      in normal volunteers, exercise cardiac index did not increase whereas exercising
      forearm and mixed venous lactate concentrations increased (p less than 0.05)
      above levels at rest in patients with heart failure; at 90 s of recovery, blood
      lactate concentration remained elevated (p less than 0.05). The venous lactate
      concentration of the nonexercising arm, unlike that of the exercising forearm,
      was not altered. Oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide production and minute ventilation
      increased similarly in patients and normal subjects during exercise, but only in
      patients did each increase further (p less than 0.05) during recovery. Thus, in
      patients with heart failure, light isometric forearm exercise represents an
      anaerobic contraction with lactate production. The subsequent increase in carbon
      dioxide production leads to a disproportionate increase in minute ventilation and
      oxygen uptake during recovery that may be perceived as breathlessness.

PMID- 3392327
TI  - Why do patients with congestive heart failure stop exercising?

PMID- 3392328
TI  - Exercise training after anterior Q wave myocardial infarction: importance of
      regional left ventricular function and topography.
AB  - To determine whether the extent of left ventricular dysfunction and the degree of
      shape distortion can predict outcome in survivors of moderate-sized anterior Q
      wave myocardial infarction who are undergoing exercise training, these variables
      were measured by two-dimensional echocardiography before and after 12 weeks of a
      low level exercise training program starting 15 weeks after infarction in 13
      patients (7 in group 1 and 6 in group 2) and 12 weeks apart in 24 matched control
      patients without training. By the end of training, the functional class score had
      increased in group 2 (from 2.25 to 2.67, p less than 0.005) but had not changed
      in group 1. Further discrimination of groups 1 and 2 was provided by an initial
      asynergy (akinesia or dyskinesia, or both) less than 18% or greater than or equal
      to 18%. Compared with group 1, group 2 had greater initial asynergy (32 versus
      6%, p less than 0.001), expansion index (asynergic/normal endocardial segment
      length: 1.8 versus 1.6, p less than 0.025) and peak shape distortion index (12.2
      versus 1.0 mm, p less than 0.005) but lower ejection fraction (43 versus 59%, p
      less than 0.05) and thinning ratio (asynergic/normal wall thickness: 0.61 versus
      0.74, p less than 0.05). These variables did not change with training in group 1.
      However, in group 2, training caused significant increase in asynergy (from 32 to
      40%, p less than 0.05), expansion index (from 1.8 to 2.0, p less than 0.01) and
      peak shape distortion (from 12.2 to 20.9 mm, p less than 0.05) associated with a
      decrease in thinning ratio (from 0.61 to 0.51, p less than 0.001) and ejection
      fraction (from 43 to 30%, p less than 0.005). Initial values for these variables
      were similar for corresponding control groups but did not change over the 12
      weeks. Thus, patients with greater than or equal to 18% left ventricular asynergy
      on the initial echocardiogram showed more shape distortion, expansion and
      thinning before exercise training and developed further functional and
      topographic deterioration with training.

PMID- 3392329
TI  - Exercise training after anterior Q wave myocardial infarction: harmful or
      beneficial.

PMID- 3392330
TI  - Anterior left ventricular aneurysm: factors associated with the development of
      sustained ventricular tachycardia.
AB  - Fifty patients with anteroapical left ventricular aneurysm secondary to prior
      myocardial infarction underwent aneurysmectomy, at which time endocardial sinus
      rhythm mapping was performed. Forty patients had a history of recurrent sustained
      monomorphic ventricular tachycardia, and 10 had an aneurysm but no history of
      spontaneous sustained tachycardia. A comparison of the clinical, angiographic and
      sinus rhythm endocardial electrographic characteristics of these two groups
      revealed that the patients without spontaneous ventricular tachycardia had more
      severe coronary artery disease (2.6 +/- 0.5 versus 1.9 +/- 0.8 coronary arteries
      having greater than 70% stenosis; p less than 0.03), underwent surgery earlier
      after infarction (3 +/- 2 versus 46 +/- 53 months; p less than 0.03) and had less
      extensive wall motion abnormalities on contrast ventriculography (0 of 8 versus
      13 of 35 patients assessed had an abnormally contracting ventriculographic
      segment length greater than 60%; p less than 0.04). During intraoperative
      programmed electrical stimulation, all 40 patients with and 4 of 10 without a
      history of spontaneous ventricular tachycardia had inducible tachycardia. The
      patients with inducible tachycardia had a larger area of endocardium from which
      abnormal electrograms (duration greater than 70 ms or amplitude less than 0.7 mV)
      were recorded (62 +/- 17 versus 45 +/- 20% of electrograms; p less than 0.03) as
      well as fractionated (duration greater than 90 ms, amplitude less than 0.3 mV)
      electrograms (20 +/- 14 versus 9 +/- 7% of electrograms; p less than 0.04) than
      did patients without inducible tachycardia, but there were no angiographic
      differences between groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3392331
TI  - Significance of ST segment depression during paroxysmal supraventricular
      tachycardia.
AB  - During paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, patients frequently experience
      chest pain and marked ST segment depression suggesting acute myocardial ischemia.
      The purpose of this study was to assess whether ST depression during
      supraventricular tachycardia is caused by myocardial ischemia as reflected by net
      myocardial lactate production. Twenty-five patients (14 men, 11 women) who had a
      history of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia and a mean age (+/- SD) of 38
      +/- 14 years underwent electrophysiologic testing. Twenty-four of these patients
      had no evidence of coronary disease, whereas one patient had undergone previous
      coronary bypass surgery. Nineteen patients had orthodromic and six patients had
      atrioventricular node reentrant tachycardias. A 12 lead electrocardiogram and
      simultaneous femoral artery and coronary sinus blood samples for lactate
      determinations were obtained at baseline and at 5 and 10 min of supraventricular
      tachycardia. Mean baseline heart rate of 83 +/- 12 beats/min increased to 180 +/-
      25 beats/min during supraventricular tachycardia. All patients had 1 to 8 mm of
      ST segment depression in 1 to 9 of the 12 leads. Chest pain occurred in 64% of
      patients during supraventricular tachycardia. Baseline myocardial lactate
      extraction was 28 +/- 13% with no significant change at 5 or 10 min of
      tachycardia. In contrast, in a comparison group of seven patients with known
      coronary artery disease, atrial pacing at 168 +/- 26 beats/min in five patients
      resulted in greater than or equal to 1 mm ST depression in 2 to 7 of the 12 leads
      and a change in lactate extraction from a baseline of 29 +/- 13% to -27 +/- 20%
      (p less than 0.05) indicating net myocardial lactate production.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3392332
TI  - Antagonism of quinidine's electrophysiologic effects by epinephrine in patients
      with ventricular tachycardia.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine whether pharmacologically induced
      elevations in the plasma epinephrine concentration within reported physiologic
      limits alter the response to quinidine during electropharmacologic testing.
      Twenty-one patients with coronary artery disease and a history of unimorphic
      ventricular tachycardia were found to have inducible sustained unimorphic
      ventricular tachycardia that was suppressed by treatment with oral quinidine
      gluconate. Epinephrine was then infused at a rate of either 25 or 50 ng/kg per
      min and testing was repeated. These infusion rates of epinephrine were previously
      demonstrated to result in elevations of the plasma epinephrine concentration in
      the range of concentrations that occur during a variety of stresses. Quinidine
      significantly lengthened the ventricular refractory periods and the QRS duration
      at a ventricular pacing cycle length of 350 ms, which was used as an index of
      intraventricular conduction. Epinephrine partially or completely reversed the
      effects of quinidine on ventricular refractory periods, but had no effect on QRS
      duration. During electropharmacologic testing of quinidine, no ventricular
      tachycardia was inducible in 12 patients, and only nonsustained ventricular
      tachycardia, 8 to 48 beats in duration, was inducible in 9 patients. Retesting
      during infusion of epinephrine demonstrated inducible sustained unimorphic
      ventricular tachycardia in 2 of the 12 patients in whom quinidine had completely
      suppressed the induction of ventricular tachycardia and in 8 of the 9 patients in
      whom only nonsustained ventricular tachycardia had been inducible during testing
      of quinidine. In conclusion, physiologic elevations in the plasma epinephrine
      concentration may reverse quinidine-induced prolongation of ventricular
      refractoriness but not intraventricular conduction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3392333
TI  - Cycle length-dependent effects on normal and abnormal intraventricular
      electrograms: effect of procainamide.
AB  - The effect of procainamide (mean concentration 9.1 +/- 2.0 micrograms/ml) on
      cycle length-dependent changes in electrographic characteristics was determined
      in 10 patients with prior myocardial infarction. Intracardiac bipolar
      electrograms were recorded from an abnormal left ventricular site in the
      distribution of prior (greater than 6 month) myocardial infarction and from a
      normal right ventricular site. Pacing was performed for 15 beats from the right
      ventricular apex at cycle lengths of 600 (or 500), 400 and 300 ms. In the control
      state, the QRS width, the normal electrogram and in 9 of the 10 patients the
      abnormal electrogram did not change with decreasing cycle lengths. After
      procainamide the mean QRS width increased from 203 +/- 32 to 240 +/- 50 ms (+18%,
      p less than 0.01) at a paced cycle length of 600 (or 500) ms, from 198 +/- 34 to
      245 +/- 59 ms (+24%, p less than 0.01) at a paced cycle length of 400 ms and from
      197 +/- 36 to 258 +/- 67 ms (+31%, p less than 0.01) at a paced cycle length of
      300 ms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3392334
TI  - Reflected reentry in depolarized foci with variable conduction impairment in 1
      day old infarcted canine cardiac tissue.
AB  - A recent study in 1 day old infarcted canine cardiac tissue demonstrated that
      variations in entrance and exit characteristics of depolarized spontaneous foci
      could profoundly affect their expression, resulting in behaviors such as
      modulated parasystole and entrainment, second and third degree exit block
      "autoentrainment" and annihilation (abrupt termination) of spontaneous activity.
      Foci with exit and entrance delay should also allow the occurrence of reflected
      reentry. To test this, the left circumflex coronary artery was ligated and, after
      1 day, simultaneous microelectrode impalements were made in infarcted and
      uninfarcted portions of isolated ventricular preparations. Preparations were
      stimulated from the uninfarcted portions. Reflected reentry was demonstrated in 5
      of 11 preparations. It occurred when exit conduction delay resulted in
      reexcitation of the focus or, alternatively, when entrance conduction delay
      resulted in reexcitation of extrafocal tissue. Reflection occurred in which the
      action potentials were reexcited during phase 2 or 3, resulting in prolongation
      of action potential duration (type I), and in which reexcitation occurred after
      full or nearly full repolarization, resulting in a closely coupled extrasystole
      (type II). Electrotonic modulation and reflection could coexist, the type of
      behavior depending on the phase relation between focal and extra-focal action
      potentials. An example is illustrated in which type I reflection occurred only
      when preceding driven activity induced overdrive suppression of exit conduction
      from the focus. The results suggest that, in infarcted tissue, entrance and exit
      conduction delays to depolarized foci may form the basis for the occurrence of
      reflected reentry.

PMID- 3392335
TI  - Sectional and segmental variability of left ventricular function: experimental
      and clinical studies using ultrafast computed tomography.
AB  - In this study, ultrafast computed tomography, a new high spatial and temporal
      resolution imaging system, was employed to define the range of sectional
      (tomographic) and segmental left ventricular function in 11 normal anesthetized
      dogs and 11 normal human volunteers. After intravenous infusion of contrast
      agent, multilevel tomographic images of the left ventricle (apex to base) were
      acquired at a rate of 17 frames/s. Analysis of these studies demonstrated
      substantial but predictable heterogeneity in left ventricular contraction from
      apex to base. In dogs and humans, for example, the average tomographic ejection
      fraction of the most basal level of the left ventricle was 40% less than that of
      the most apical level (p less than 0.05). In humans, circumferential segmental
      cavity contraction at the mid-papillary muscle level was relatively homogeneous
      (range 50 to 92% for 12 wedge-shaped segments around the tomographic
      circumference) if the reference system employed an endocardial centroid, but was
      less uniform if it used an epicardial centroid (range 22 to 98%). It is concluded
      that contraction of the normal left ventricle in dogs and humans is heterogeneous
      both between levels (apex to base) and within a single level (circumferential
      cavity contraction). However, the patterns of cavity contraction from apex to
      base and circumferential segmental cavity contraction within a given level as
      defined by ultrafast computed tomography are sufficiently narrow and predictable
      in normal individuals that these variables may be useful to define regional
      contraction abnormalities in pathologic conditions.

PMID- 3392336
TI  - Relation of transmitral flow velocity patterns to left ventricular diastolic
      function: new insights from a combined hemodynamic and Doppler echocardiographic
      study.
AB  - In an effort to determine what clinically useful information regarding left
      ventricular diastolic function can be inferred noninvasively with pulsed wave
      Doppler echocardiography, mitral flow velocity patterns and measured variables
      were correlated with hemodynamic findings in 70 patients: 30 with coronary artery
      disease, 20 with idiopathic congestive cardiomyopathy, 14 with a restrictive
      myocardial process and 6 without significant cardiac disease. The effect of
      sudden changes in hemodynamics on the mitral flow velocity pattern was also
      investigated in a subgroup of patients who had simultaneous recording of mitral
      flow velocity and left ventricular pressure before and after left
      ventriculography. Mitral flow velocity recordings from 30 healthy adults served
      as a reference group. This analysis suggests that 1) the majority of patients
      with these cardiac disorders demonstrate abnormal mitral flow velocity patterns
      or variables; 2) markedly different flow velocity patterns can be seen in
      patients with impaired left ventricular relaxation; 3) the different mitral
      patterns appear to relate more to myocardial function and hemodynamic status than
      to the type of disease process present; 4) certain mitral patterns suggest
      different filling pressures and rates of early diastolic left ventricular
      filling; 5) an increase in left atrial pressure can "normalize" an abnormal
      mitral flow velocity pattern and "mask" a left ventricular relaxation
      abnormality; and 6) the different patterns appear to represent a dynamic
      continuum with the potential to change from one to another as a result of disease
      progression, medical therapy or sudden changes in hemodynamics. It is concluded
      that, despite the indirect method of estimation and certain limitations, mitral
      flow velocity recordings have clinical potential in assessing left ventricular
      diastolic function that merits further investigation.

PMID- 3392337
TI  - Color-guided Doppler echocardiographic assessment of aortic valve stenosis.
AB  - The severity of valvular aortic stenosis was assessed by Doppler color flow
      mapping in 100 consecutive patients who underwent successful cardiac
      catheterization within 2 weeks of the Doppler study. The maximal width of the
      aortic stenosis jet seen in 61 of these patients (Group A) was measured at the
      aortic valve. Color-guided continuous wave Doppler examination was used to
      measure the mean transaortic pressure gradient, and the aortic valve area was
      estimated using the simplified continuity equation. The aortic stenosis jet was
      not seen in 39 patients (Group B), and the mean pressure gradient and aortic
      valve area in these patients were assessed by conventional Doppler
      echocardiography alone. The mean pressure gradient obtained by continuous wave
      Doppler study and cardiac catheterization in the 61 Group A patients correlated
      well (r = 0.90); the correlation was lower in the 39 Group B patients (r = 0.70).
      The overall correlation for the combined Groups A and B was good (r = 0.82). The
      aortic valve area estimated by continuous wave Doppler study and cardiac
      catheterization in 54 Group A patients correlated well (r = 0.92); the
      correlation in 22 Group B patients was lower (r = 0.71). The correlation for all
      76 patients (Groups A and B) was good (r = 0.80). The maximal aortic stenosis jet
      width also correlated well with the aortic valve area estimated at
      catheterization in 54 patients (r = 0.90). Group C represented an additional 14
      patients in whom the left ventricle could not be entered during cardiac
      catheterization.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3392338
TI  - Computer analysis of Doppler color flow mapping images for quantitative
      assessment of in vitro fluid jets.
AB  - To determine the ability of Doppler color flow mapping to accurately and
      reproducibly assess the flow volume and kinetic energy of in vitro fluid jets, a
      Doppler color flow mapping system was interfaced with an image processing
      computer. An aliasing correction algorithm was used to extend the upper limit of
      measurable velocity to 184 cm/s. Images were analyzed for jet area (equal to the
      total number of image pixels) and jet energy (equal to the sum of all pixel
      velocities squared), both integrated over all frames of the injection and in
      single maximal frames. The Doppler flow mapping area and energy measurements were
      compared with known flow volume and delivered kinetic energy, and the effects of
      four experimental variables (orifice area, gain setting, chamber compliance and
      chamber size) were evaluated. Jet area correlated nonlinearly with flow volume
      and was markedly affected by each of these experimental variables, increasing by
      40 to 150% from the smallest to the largest orifice size, 15 to 94% with the
      highest versus the lowest gain setting, 1 to 54% with greater chamber compliance
      and 7 to 70% in the large versus the small chamber. In contrast, jet energy
      correlated linearly with delivered kinetic energy up to 350,000 ergs, at which
      point velocities started to exceed the extended velocity range and second wrap
      aliasing occurred. The relation was not affected by orifice area, gain or
      compliance, and was only minimally affected by chamber size.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3392339
TI  - Electrohydraulic shock wave decalcification of stenotic aortic valves: postmortem
      and intraoperative studies.
AB  - Decalcification of stenotic aortic valves is limited by the difficulty in
      removing sufficient calcium to restore valve function without cusp perforation.
      The present study demonstrates that electrohydraulic shock waves generated by a
      hand-held lithotriptor fragmented the calcifications contained within the cusps
      of four necropsy specimens of stenotic aortic valves. The electrohydraulic shock
      waves appeared to create a cleavage plane between the valve tissue and the
      fragmented calcific deposits, allowing the fragmented calcified masses to be
      removed without cusp perforation. Five patients with severe aortic stenosis also
      underwent successful aortic valve decalcification augmented by electrohydraulic
      shock waves generated with the hand-held lithotriptor, without significant
      complication. The shock waves permitted removal, from the aortic valve, of
      calcium that had not been removed by mechanical means. These results indicate
      that the addition of electrohydraulic shock waves to mechanical aortic valve
      decalcification may facilitate successful decalcification in patients undergoing
      operative treatment for aortic stenosis and may allow patients to avoid the need
      for aortic valve replacement.

PMID- 3392340
TI  - Focal lymphocytic myocarditis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS): a
      correlative morphologic and clinical study in 26 consecutive fatal cases.
AB  - In 26 consecutive cases with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) the main
      cardiac findings were Kaposi's sarcoma in 2 cases, microfocal myocardial abscess
      in 1, subendocardial infarct necrosis in 2, contraction band necrosis in 13,
      lymphocytic myocarditis in 9, intramyocardial lymphocytic infiltrates without
      myocell necrosis in 7 and epicardial lymphocytic infiltrates in 4. No patient had
      congestive heart failure. However, two-dimensional echocardiography performed in
      eight patients demonstrated functional abnormalities in six (fractional
      shortening ranging from 18 to 30%, globular shape, hypokinesia, mild ventricular
      dilation). Four of these six patients had lymphocytic myocarditis and two had
      lymphocytic infiltrates in the myocardium and epicardium without myocell
      necrosis. No lymphocytic infiltrates were seen in the two cases with a normal
      echocardiogram. Quantitative analysis indicated that involvement of the heart by
      lymphocytic myocarditis is inadequate in itself to explain dysfunction. It
      remains to be established 1) whether lymphocytic myocarditis is a possible
      indication of a more widespread molecular disorder, and 2) what its eventual
      relation with dilated cardiomyopathy will be.

PMID- 3392341
TI  - Evaluation of the responsiveness of elevated pulmonary vascular resistance in
      children by Doppler echocardiography.
AB  - Changes in the Doppler indexes, acceleration time (AcT), right ventricular
      ejection time (RVET), AcT/RVET ratio and pulmonary artery peak velocity were
      measured as were changes in pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular
      resistance in 21 children with pulmonary hypertension due to a large
      interventricular communication. In 11 children pulmonary vascular resistance was
      greater than 4.6 U/m2 (mean 8.6 +/- 1.6), whereas in 10 it was less than 4.5 U/m2
      (mean 3.4 +/- 0.2). Although both groups demonstrated acceleration time and
      AcT/RVET values above normal, there were no significant differences in these
      values between the groups with high and low pulmonary vascular resistance. With
      administration of a pulmonary vasodilator pulmonary vascular resistance decreased
      in 11 responders by greater than 50% of baseline values (from 5.3 +/- 0.7 to 1.6
      +/- 0.3 U/m2), whereas in the 10 nonresponders mean pulmonary vascular resistance
      decreased from 7.0 +/- 1.9 to 4.9 +/- 1.1 U/m2. There was no significant change
      in the Doppler indexes except for an increase in pulmonary artery peak velocity
      in the responders from 1.34 +/- 0.07 to 1.66 +/- 0.06 m/s (p less than 0.001).
      The results indicate that Doppler echocardiography cannot predict either the
      level of increased pulmonary vascular resistance or the degree of responsiveness
      sufficiently to obviate the need for cardiac catheterization in patients with
      interventricular communication and pulmonary hypertension.

PMID- 3392342
TI  - Results of balloon valvuloplasty in typical and dysplastic pulmonary valve
      stenosis: Doppler echocardiographic follow-up.
AB  - To assess the usefulness of balloon valvuloplasty in patients with a dysplastic
      pulmonary valve, the files of 36 patients (aged 1 day to 18.5 years) who had two
      dimensional echocardiography before and continuous wave Doppler echocardiography
      late after balloon valvuloplasty (balloon diameter greater than or equal to 20%
      anulus diameter) were reviewed. Results of relief of pulmonary stenosis were
      graded by catheter gradient in the catheterization laboratory and compared with
      Doppler echocardiographic findings at follow-up. There were 32 patients with
      typical pulmonary stenosis and 4 with a dysplastic valve. In the 32 patients with
      typical pulmonary stenosis, transvalvular gradient changed from a mean of 67 +/-
      32 to 20 +/- 20 mm Hg (p less than 0.0001, mean reduction 72.6%). The gradients
      at follow-up by Doppler echocardiography averaged 20 mm Hg including 15 that
      increased, 3 that were unchanged and 14 that decreased. Only 3 (9%) of 32
      patients had a gradient greater than 25 mm Hg at follow-up and only one gradient
      was greater than 35 mm Hg. All four patients with a dysplastic valve had a
      gradient that decreased with valvuloplasty from a mean of 85 +/- 33 to 33 +/- 20
      mm Hg (p less than 0.05); gradient reduction in this group ranged from 40 to 85%
      (mean 57.5%). The gradient at follow-up increased in three of these four patients
      and decreased in one (the only late gradient less than 25 mm Hg). Late gradient
      was less than 35 mm Hg in two of the four patients and was reduced by 43 and 57%,
      respectively, in the other two.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3392343
TI  - Comparison of single and double balloon valvuloplasty in children with aortic
      stenosis.
AB  - To compare the effectiveness of the single and double balloon techniques, the
      short-term results of percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty were assessed in two
      consecutive groups of children with valvular aortic stenosis. In 16 children
      (aged 3 months to 17 years) the single balloon technique was utilized; the ratio
      of balloon diameter to valve anulus diameter was 0.96 +/- 0.03 (mean +/- SEM). In
      11 children (aged 3 months to 21 years) the double balloon technique was utilized
      in which two balloons are positioned across the valve and inflated
      simultaneously; the ratio of the balloon diameter sum to valve anulus diameter
      was 1.32 +/- 0.05. The groups were similar in age, weight, cardiac output,
      prevalvuloplasty gradient and valve anulus diameter. Overall, valvuloplasty
      reduced the peak systolic gradient by 53% from 80 +/- 4 to 38 +/- 3 mm Hg (p less
      than 0.0001). In the single balloon group the gradient decreased from 82 +/- 6 to
      46 +/- 4 mm Hg (p less than 0.0001), whereas in the double balloon group the
      gradient decreased from 76 +/- 5 to 26 +/- 4 mm Hg (p less than 0.0001). The peak
      systolic gradient after valvuloplasty was 43% lower in the double balloon group
      (p less than 0.01). Furthermore, the single balloon technique reduced the
      gradient by an average of 43% compared with a 67% reduction with the double
      balloon technique (p less than 0.001). The short-term complications of
      valvuloplasty were similar, with an increase in aortic insufficiency occurring in
      three children in each group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3392344
TI  - Coronary artery anatomy in corrected transposition of the great arteries.
AB  - Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries is an unusual cardiac
      malformation with discordant atrioventricular and ventriculoarterial alignments.
      Because knowledge of the coronary artery anatomy is a prerequisite for successful
      repair of this cardiac anomaly, selective coronary arteriography was performed in
      13 children (4 male and 9 female; age range 18 months to 16 years) and 1 adult
      (aged 59 years) with congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries
      and associated intracardiac defects. The typical coronary distribution of
      corrected transposition (that is, coronary artery-ventricular concordance) was
      found in 11 patients. In one patient, a single coronary ostium was observed; the
      right sinus of Valsalva gave rise to a short common branch that divided into
      three arteries: a left circumflex artery going to the right, a well developed
      left anterior descending artery running into the anterior interventricular groove
      and a third vessel that continued on the normal course of the right coronary
      artery directed posteriorly. In one patient, the left circumflex artery was
      particularly small. In another patient, with severe hypoplasia of the left
      anterior descending coronary artery, the anterior ventricular wall of the heart
      was supplied by three small branches that ended a short distance from their
      origins. The adult patient had a large anterior ventricular branch arising from
      the morphologic left coronary ventricular as well as a large acute marginal
      branch, with a wide distribution, from the morphologic right coronary artery.
      Presurgical coronary angiographic documentation is helpful because, in
      congenitally corrected transposition as well as in complex congenital heart
      disease, coronary anomalies (in origin, course and distribution) are occasionally
      present and knowledge of their presence can help determine the most appropriate
      surgical approach.

PMID- 3392345
TI  - Noninvasive estimation of the left ventricular pressure waveform throughout
      ejection in young patients with aortic stenosis.
AB  - Validation of a totally noninvasive method for estimating instantaneous left
      ventricular pressure and constructing a pressure waveform throughout ejection in
      patients with aortic stenosis is reported. In 20 patients (aged 8.75 +/- 10
      years) with congenital aortic stenosis (measured peak left ventricular pressure
      120 to 260 mm Hg; transvalvular gradient 18 to 165 mm Hg), transaortic valve
      continuous wave Doppler ultrasound, indirect carotid pulse tracing, peripheral
      blood pressure and measured left ventricular pressure were recorded
      simultaneously at cardiac catheterization. Data were entered into a microcomputer
      using a digitizing tablet and the instantaneous Doppler gradient was calculated
      and added to instantaneous aortic pressure, derived from the time-corrected and
      calibrated carotid pulse tracing, to estimate instantaneous left ventricular
      pressure. Estimated left ventricular pressure waveforms reproduced measured left
      ventricular pressure closely. The mean error at peak left ventricular pressure
      was 0.2 +/- 4.8 mm Hg (r = 0.98, p = 0.001). The average error throughout
      ejection was 0.9 +/- 5.1 mm Hg. The error of estimated pressure was not related
      to age or the severity of aortic stenosis. The Doppler peak instantaneous
      gradient was observed to correlate closely (r = 0.97, p = 0.001) with peak to
      peak gradient. With this technique, the left ventricular pressure waveform
      throughout ejection can be accurately estimated noninvasively in patients with
      aortic stenosis. This methodology enables determination of mean, total and
      instantaneous systolic left ventricular pressure.

PMID- 3392347
TI  - Structure and process standards of medical care: cardiology's Maginot Line?

PMID- 3392346
TI  - High energy transcatheter cardioversion of chronic atrial fibrillation.
AB  - A new technique of internal transcatheter cardioversion of chronic atrial
      fibrillation using high energy shocks (200 to 300 joules) was performed in 10
      patients. In all patients, external cardioversion (300 to 400 joules) and
      pharmacologic therapy failed to restore sinus rhythm. Atrial fibrillation was
      poorly tolerated despite digitalis therapy alone (five patients) or in
      combination with amiodarone (five patients). High energy transcatheter
      cardioversion was performed by pulling back the atrioventricular (AV) junction
      catheter just inferior to the site of His bundle recording and delivering the
      shock between a proximal electrode (catheter) and backplate (anode). High energy
      internal cardioversion restored sinus rhythm in 9 of the 10 patients. However,
      atrial fibrillation recurred within 3 min in two of them; in the remaining
      patient, the procedure failed to terminate atrial fibrillation. The only
      complication observed was transient (3 to 315 s) heart block immediately after
      shock delivery and this was treated by temporary pacing. Seven patients had sinus
      rhythm on discharge from the hospital, but in three, recurrent atrial
      fibrillation appeared at 8 days and 2 and 4 months, respectively. A second
      attempt of transcatheter cardioversion was performed in two patients and was
      successful in one patient. With a follow-up ranging from 2 to 11 months, five
      patients continued to have sinus rhythm. These preliminary results suggest that
      high energy internal cardioversion may be an alternative to AV junction ablation
      in selected patients with poorly tolerated chronic atrial fibrillation in whom
      external cardioversion was unsuccessful.

PMID- 3392348
TI  - Do positive inotropic agents adversely affect the survival of patients with
      chronic congestive heart failure? I. Introduction.

PMID- 3392349
TI  - Do positive inotropic agents adversely affect the survival of patients with
      chronic congestive heart failure? II. Protagonist's viewpoint.

PMID- 3392350
TI  - The rationing and rationalization of cardiac care--American or Canadian style?

PMID- 3392351
TI  - Benefit/risk assessment in clinical research.

PMID- 3392353
TI  - Concerning controversy on study of magnesium in apnea neonatorum.

PMID- 3392352
TI  - The rhythm library and defibrillator performance.

PMID- 3392354
TI  - A comparison of nutrition knowledge of freshmen and senior medical students: a
      collaborative study of southeastern medical schools.
AB  - It has been documented previously that nutrition knowledge of senior medial
      students at ten southeastern medical schools varies and is positively correlated
      with student assessment of the quantity and quality of nutrition education. To
      determine whether the differences in knowledge are related to the medical
      educational experience or are simply a reflection of differences in the students'
      knowledge on entry to medical school, the same examination was administered to
      entering freshmen at eight of the medical schools. The knowledge scores of
      freshmen were remarkably homogeneous from school to school (53 +/- 1%, range 51
      55%), and nutrition knowledge was significantly higher for seniors than for the
      freshmen at all schools (mean 69 vs 53%, p less than 0.0001). On the basis of
      responses to survey items on the examination, the freshman medical students were
      more inclined than senior students to take a nutrition elective (62 vs 34%, p
      less than 0.0001), and more freshman rated nutrition as being important to their
      careers (74 vs 59%, p less than 0.05). These data indicate that 1) entering
      freshman medical students at the different schools studied have comparable levels
      of nutrition knowledge and are receptive to nutrition education, and 2)
      differences in medical training programs most likely explain the previously
      documented variability in nutrition knowledge of graduating medical students.
      These findings have important implications for professionals planning curricula
      for medical-nutrition education.

PMID- 3392355
TI  - Effects of low fat diets differing in degree of fat unsaturation on plasma
      lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins in adult men.
AB  - The effects of two low fat diets with differing ratios of polyunsaturated to
      saturated fatty acids (P/S) on blood lipids, lipoproteins (LP), and
      apolipoproteins (Apo) were studied in 23 adult men, 30-60 years old, using a
      crossover design. Both test diets had 25% fat calories with either a P/S of 0.3
      (Diet 1) or a P/S of 1.0 (Diet 2) and equivalent amounts of cholesterol. The
      study consisted of four periods: a 5-week prestudy on self-selected diet (SS),
      two 6-week test diet periods followed by a second 5-week post-study period on the
      SS diet. When compared with the SS diet, Diet 2 lowered the mean plasma total
      cholesterol (TC) by about 20% (P less than 0.01). Low density lipoprotein (LDL)
      cholesterol was also decreased by about 18% by Diet 2 (P less than 0.01). The
      high P/S diet did not cause a change in total cholesterol in the high density
      lipoprotein (HDL) subclass2 (HDL2) when compared to the SS diet. Levels of
      triglycerides (TG) were slightly reduced in HDL2 but showed a greater reduction
      in HDL3 in both diets. Phospholipids (PL) were significantly reduced in HDL2 and
      in HDL3, but the reduction in HDL3 PL was not statistically significant. Apo A-I
      levels were not changed by either diet when compared with the SS diet, but Apo A
      II levels of HDL2 and HDL3 were significantly decreased by the low fat diets, and
      there was no P/S effect. No other consistent changes in apoprotein levels
      occurred. Our data suggest that, in men with normal lipid levels, practical
      dietary changes involving a moderate increase in P/S from 0.3 to 1.0 in a low
      fat, low cholesterol diet do influence lipoprotein composition and apoprotein
      distribution in a short time. The reduction in cholesterol in total lipid
      composition and in LDL lipids which accompanied the reduction of dietary fat and
      cholesterol are considered to be beneficial.

PMID- 3392356
TI  - Zinc tolerance test in uremia: effect of calcitriol supplementation.
AB  - The effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 on zinc absorption was indirectly determined in
      hemodialysis patients using the oral zinc tolerance test. The increment in plasma
      zinc and the area under the curve following an oral zinc load of 25 mg were
      studied in seven patients, before and after 6 weeks of therapy with 1
      microgram/day of 1,25(OH)2D3 [Rocaltrol(R)]. Before therapy, fasting plasma zinc,
      2 hour plasma zinc, and the area under the curve (AUC) were subnormal
      (hemodialysis patients vs normals: 96 +/- 2 vs 105 +/- 3 micrograms/dl, p less
      than 0.05, 161 +/- 8 vs 222 +/- 16 micrograms/dl, p less than 0.025, and 188 +/-
      25 vs 302 +/- 33 micrograms hr/dl, p less than 0.025, respectively). Following
      Rocaltrol, serum calcium level increased (8.9 +/- .12 to 9.8 +/- .4 mg/dl, p less
      than 0.05), parathyroid hormone levels decreased (20.4 +/- 8.9 to 13.6 +/- 7.2
      ng/ml, p less than 0.05), but there was no significant change in fasting plasma
      zinc, 2 hour plasma zinc, or AUC (89 +/- 3 micrograms/dl, 149 micrograms/dl, and
      176 +/- 18 micrograms hr/dl, respectively). These results suggest that short-term
      1,25(OH)2D3 therapy had no significant impact on zinc absorption or plasma zinc
      level in uremics.

PMID- 3392357
TI  - The postprandial response of gastric inhibitory polypeptide to various dietary
      fats in man.
AB  - Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide (GIP) is secreted in response to oral glucose,
      amino acid, and fats. In the presence of hyperglycemia, GIP augments nutrient
      stimulated insulin secretion. Studies looking at the effect of fat on GIP
      release, however, have focused primarily on corn oil, a polyunsaturated fat. To
      determine if other fats give similar GIP results to those with corn oil, nine
      normal subjects underwent four tolerance tests with fats derived from saturated
      (cocoa butter), monounsaturated (olive oil), or polyunsaturated (corn oil and
      fish oil) sources. Fifty grams of each triglyceride rich fat were ingested and
      serum cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose, insulin, and GIP levels were determined
      over a 180-minute period. Serum cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose, and insulin
      levels were similar following each fat tolerance test. GIP concentrations,
      however, were significantly lower (P less than 0.01) with the fish oil, when
      compared to the other fats studied. Similar GIP responses were observed with
      olive oil and corn oil, but both were higher than with the cocoa butter. These
      findings suggest that the source of fatty acids affect GIP secretion. The reason
      for these differences in serum GIP responses is uncertain, but is not readily
      explained by changes in serum glucose, insulin, or triglyceride concentrations.
      Since GIP augments nutrient stimulated insulin release 1-3 hours postprandially,
      the source of dietary fat consumed as part of a mixed meal could ultimately
      influence pancreatic beta cell insulin secretion.

PMID- 3392358
TI  - Long chain fatty acids in serum phospholipids in acrodermatitis enteropathica
      before and after zinc treatment: a case report.

PMID- 3392359
TI  - Calcium, potassium, and creatine kinase after acute myocardial infarction:
      additional findings on their relations.

PMID- 3392360
TI  - Pulmonary function abnormalities during apparent clinical remission in childhood
      asthma.

PMID- 3392361
TI  - Measurement of IgG blocking antibody in human serum: comparison of ELISA with
      monoclonal antibody and fluorogenic substrate and Staphylococcus protein A solid
      phase RIA.
AB  - We compared ELISA with mouse monoclonal antihuman gamma-chain antibody and a
      fluorogenic substrate with the Staphylococcus protein A solid-phase
      radioimmunoassay (SPRIA) in the measurement of specific IgG antibody to short
      ragweed pollen. Sera from 51 ragweed-allergic patients undergoing allergen
      immunotherapy were evaluated for ragweed-specific IgG antibodies with the same
      ragweed extract in the two assay systems. With optimal conditions, the ELISA and
      SPRIA displayed comparable positive thresholds (approximately 1 ng/ml of ragweed
      specific IgG). Both assays also demonstrated consistently parallel dilution
      curves with 51 sera (mean interdilutional coefficient of variation [CV] less than
      8.8% for ELISA and less than 8.6% for SPRIA). Reproducibility was determined by
      constructing precision profiles for intra- and interassay variations over the
      working ranges of each assay (ELISA, 0.8 to 100 ng/ml; SPRIA, 1 to 250 ng/ml).
      ELISA intra-assay CVs ranged from 13% near threshold to less than 5% at higher
      antibody concentrations; SPRIA intra-assay CVs ranged from 4.3% to 2.8%.
      Interassay reproducibility was somewhat better for SPRIA (4.6% to 9.6%) than for
      ELISA (10% to 18%). In direct comparison, 41 (80%) of the 51 sera were concordant
      in the two assays (r = 0.91; p less than 0.001). Although each assay result was
      reproducible, 10 (20%) of the sera elicited consistently discrepant results in
      the two assays. In eight of the 10 discordant sera, the SPRIA results were higher
      than ELISA, suggesting the possibility that some ragweed allergen may be better
      represented on the short ragweed-pollen extract agarose than on ELISA plate
      wells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3392362
TI  - In vitro lymphocyte proliferation by carbamazepine, carbamazepine-10, 11-epoxide,
      and oxcarbazepine in the diagnosis of drug-induced hypersensitivity.
AB  - In vitro lymphocyte proliferation induced by carbamazepine (CBZ) was evaluated in
      nine patients with hypersensitivity to this drug. Lymphocytes from all
      hypersensitive patients responded by significantly enhanced DNA synthesis to CBZ
      when patients were compared with 33 tested control subjects. However, lymphocytes
      from five of six hypersensitive patients were not stimulated by carbamazepine-10,
      11-epoxide, and oxcarbazepine (OXC), and this was confirmed clinically in two CBZ
      hypersensitive patients with OXC therapy. The results indicate that OXC may be
      suitable as an alternative therapy in some patients with CBZ hypersensitivity.

PMID- 3392363
TI  - Twelve-hour bronchodilation in asthma with a single aerosol dose of the
      anticholinergic compound glycopyrrolate.
AB  - Anticholinergic aerosols provide effective bronchodilation in some patients with
      obstructive lung disease. Glycopyrrolate is a quaternary ammonium anticholinergic
      compound that is poorly absorbed from mucus membranes, thus reducing
      anticholinergic side effects. In 20 adult patients with asthma, we evaluated
      bronchodilation to a single administration of metered-dose glycopyrrolate aerosol
      (GA) to ascertain its onset and duration of action along with evaluation of
      safety. In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-dose,
      crossover trial, bronchodilation was evaluated on five separate occasions to
      either placebo or a GA dose of 80, 240, 480, or 960 micrograms. Baseline
      spirometry for each patient on each visit was similar (mean FEV1 +/- SD of 62.2
      +/- 13.6% predicted). After aerosol dosing, spirometry was measured at 30 minutes
      and then at hourly intervals up to 12 hours. Compared to placebo, metered-dose
      aerosols of 240, 480 and 960 micrograms elicited significantly greater
      bronchodilation at each test time. Furthermore, significant bronchodilation was
      noted within 30 minutes of dosing and was sustained for at least 12 hours.
      Bronchodilation with the 480 and 960 micrograms dose was equal, and both were
      greater than 240 micrograms. A subset of four asthma patients with baseline FEV1
      values less than 50% predicted did not have a bronchodilating response with GA.
      No notable side effects occurred. Thus, a single aerosol dose of GA provides
      clinically significant, safe 12-hour bronchodilation in patients with asthma
      without severe airway obstruction (i.e., FEV1 greater than 50% predicted).

PMID- 3392364
TI  - Specific serum antibodies against phthalic anhydride in occupationally exposed
      subjects.
AB  - In two plants producing alkyde and unsaturated polyester resins, the time
      weighted average air level during loading of phthalic anhydride (PA) was 6.6 (1.5
      to 17.4) mg/m3. In a full workday the level was 0.4 mg/m3. In 60 workers,
      symptoms of rhinitis and/or conjunctivitis were frequently reported, mostly by
      heavily exposed workers (69%). Five workers (14%) with PA-associated asthma were
      found. All were heavily exposed during some period. There was no difference
      between the exposure groups with regard to total serum level of IgE, IgG, and
      IgM, nor specific IgE and IgM against PA. There was a significant difference of
      specific IgG against PA between heavy and low exposure groups (p = 0.01). One
      worker with asthma had an increased specific IgE level. Subjects with symptoms
      did not differ from subjects without symptoms in total serum IgE, IgM, IgA, or
      specific IgE and IgM. However, subjects with rhinoconjunctivitis had lower total
      IgG than the other workers (p = 0.01). The subjects with asthma had significantly
      higher values for specific IgG than the asymptomatic subjects (p = 0.005). Four
      subjects had specific IgG antibodies of subclass 4 (IgG4). Three of these four
      subjects had asthma, and one had rhinitis. These findings demonstrate that
      specific IgG is an index of PA exposure and support the hypothesis that specific
      IgG4 under some circumstances, may be a pathogenetic factor in asthma.

PMID- 3392365
TI  - Seasonal variation in bronchial reactivity in a community population.
AB  - Morbidity and mortality from asthma is increased during the grass-pollen season
      and during the autumn months in the United Kingdom. It is not apparent why this
      seasonal variation occurs nor whether the variation in morbidity and mortality is
      associated with variation in bronchial reactivity. We have measured bronchial
      reactivity on four occasions during 12 months in 60 subjects selected from a
      community population in the south of England. All subjects had had a histamine
      challenge test and skin tests to common antigens as part of a survey of asthma
      prevalence in March 1984. Further measurements of the provocative dose causing a
      20% fall in FEV1 (PD20) were made at the peak of the grass-pollen season in June,
      at the end of September, and in the following March, and current symptoms of
      respiratory tract infection (RTI) were assessed on all four occasions. Geometric
      mean PD20 demonstrated significant seasonal variation between 1.38, 0.82, 0.92,
      and 1.20 mumol in March, June, September, and March, respectively (p less than
      0.02). Relative to March 1984, PD20 was significantly decreased in June and
      September (p less than 0.005 and p less than 0.02, respectively) but not in March
      1985 (p = 0.39). Within subjects atopy was significantly related to decrease in
      PD20 in September (p less than 0.05) and in March 1985 (p less than 0.025) but
      not in June (p = 0.40). Change in PD20 between occasions was unrelated to RTI
      symptoms, age, or smoking status, but it was related to change in baseline
      FEV1/FVC (p less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3392366
TI  - Persisting airway obstruction in asymptomatic children with asthma with normal
      peak expiratory flow rates.
AB  - Twice-daily symptom scores and peak expiratory flow readings were compared with
      spirometric values (FEV1 and forced expiratory flow rate between 25% and 75% of
      FVC [FEF 25-75]) measured at 2-week intervals in assessing airway obstruction in
      20 children with asthma studied during 16 weeks. Of 56 2-week periods during
      which symptoms were absent, peak flow was decreased in 30 (54%), FEV1 in 20
      (36%), and FEF 25-75 in 37 periods (66%). Peak flow readings were normal in 13 of
      70 periods (16%) in which FEV1 was decreased, and in 33 of 113 periods (29%), in
      which FEF 25-75 was decreased. Of 25 periods in which symptoms were absent and
      peak flow was normal, 19 (76%) were associated with decreased FEF 25-75. The
      results confirm previous studies that indicate peak flow readings are a useful
      addition to symptom diaries. More importantly, they demonstrate that airway
      obstruction may be present in a large proportion of asymptomatic children with
      asthma who have normal peak flow rates and suggest that frequent assessment of
      FEF 25-75 is required, as well as daily monitoring of symptoms and peak flow both
      in trials of drug therapy and for more optimal assessment of the effectiveness of
      therapy in clinical practice.

PMID- 3392367
TI  - Immune responses of cynomolgus monkeys to phthalic anhydride.
AB  - Four groups of four Macaca fascicularis monkeys were administered 10 consecutive
      weekly subcutaneous injections of 2 mg aluminum hydroxide plus one of the
      following: 200 micrograms of phthalic anhydride (PA)-monkey serum albumin (PA
      MSA, group 1); 200 micrograms of PA dissolved in ethanol-saline (EtOH-sal, group
      2); 200 micrograms of MSA (group 3); or EtOH-sal alone (group 4). Direct
      intracutaneous tests to PA-MSA, PA-EtOH-sal, MSA, and EtOH-sal were applied at
      biweekly intervals throughout the course of the immunization. Serum-specific IgG
      to PA-MSA and specific IgE to PA-MSA were determined at 2-week intervals
      according to the ELISA and RAST methods, respectively. The prevalence of
      cutaneous sensitivity to PA-MSA in the PA-MSA-immunized group (group 1) was
      significantly greater after 4 and 6 (p less than 0.01) and 8 and 10 (p less than
      0.05) weeks, compared with the other treatment groups. Significantly elevated (p
      less than 0.01) PA-MSA-specific IgG was also observed in monkeys in group 1
      compared with the other treatment groups. No significant changes in PA-MSA RAST
      or total IgE were observed in any group during the study. These results indicate
      that parenteral sensitization to PA in subhuman primates requires the presence of
      new antigenic determinants formed by PA on protein carriers.

PMID- 3392368
TI  - Evaluation of an office method of measuring theophylline serum concentrations.
AB  - A strip test for theophylline, with an immunoassay with a colorimetric indicator,
      has been developed for use in the physician's office (Seralyzer, Ames Division,
      Miles Laboratories, Elkhart, Ind.). Diluted serum is applied to the plastic
      reagent strip, which is then inserted into a reflectance photometer that
      quantitates the color change and displays the serum concentration in 80 seconds.
      To determine the reliability of this method, control sera (5.0, 10.0, 15.0, 20.0,
      and 25.0 micrograms/ml of theophylline) and 78 specimens, each from a different
      patient, were analyzed by Seralyzer and a reference method (EMIT, Syva Co., Palo
      Alto, Calif.). Nine replicate measurements of a 15.0 micrograms/ml control serum
      were performed on one day, an all five control sera were analyzed once daily for
      20 days. Patient specimens were analyzed at the rate of eight per day. The
      coefficient of variation (mean/SD X 100) for within day precision of the 15
      micrograms/ml control was 5.2% for Seralyzer and 4.1% for EMIT (p less than
      0.05). Coefficients of variation for between-day precision of the Seralyzer were
      less than 10% at concentrations greater than 5 micrograms/ml, but were
      significantly greater than EMIT measurements at 5 and 10 micrograms/ml (p less
      than 0.05). There was a strong correlation between the two methods for the 78
      patients' specimens (r2 = 0.95). The Seralyzer demonstrated a positive bias of
      0.9 microgram/ml. Results analyzed by the two methods differed by greater than
      25% in 10 of the 78 specimens (mean error, 3.3 micrograms/ml over the range of
      2.9 to 22.2 micrograms/ml).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3392369
TI  - Metered-dose inhaler usage in subjects with asthma: comparison of Nebulizer
      Chronolog and daily diary recordings.
AB  - The Nebulizer Chronolog (NC) is a portable electronic device that attaches to
      standard metered-dose inhalers (MDIs) and records and stores the date and time of
      each MDI actuation. We evaluated the long-term performance of the NC and compared
      its data to concurrent recordings of self-administered MDI usage in daily
      diaries. Eighty-three subjects with asthma were evaluated during a 7 1/2-month
      panel study of air pollution effects. Although 44 (53%) of the NCs developed a
      malfunction during the study, the average total (+/- SD) percentage of useful
      days with functioning NCs was still 86 +/- 18% (median 93%). The agreement
      between the daily diary and NC recordings was very high, that is, 50 (67%) of 75
      subjects had perfect agreement. Eighteen subjects with over or under diary
      reporting were detected. We conclude that the NC is an effective, objective,
      accurate, and continuous monitor of daily MDI usage despite some remediable
      technical problems. The NC can facilitate the evaluation of short- and long-term
      medication usage patterns and compliance issues in MDI-related research and
      clinical settings.

PMID- 3392370
TI  - Pulmonary and immunologic evaluation of foundry workers exposed to methylene
      diphenyldiisocyanate (MDI).
AB  - A cross-sectional evaluation was performed of workers in a steel foundry in which
      methylene diphenyldiisocyanate (MDI) was used as a component of a binder system
      used to make cores and molds. Preshift and postshift spirometry and clinical
      evaluations were performed on 26 currently exposed (group I), on six formerly
      exposed (group II), and on 14 nonexposed workers to MDI (group III). Serum
      samples were assayed for total antibody binding, specific IgG by ELISA, and
      specific IgE by the RAST method to MDI-human serum albumin (HSA). Symptoms
      compatible with occupational asthma were elicited from seven (27%) of 26 group I
      workers and from three of six group II workers. No symptoms were reported by
      group III workers. Intrashift change in FEV1 (a mean decrease of 0.049 L) in
      group I workers was significantly decreased compared to that in unexposed group
      III workers (a mean increase of 65 ml; p = 0.043). Specific IgG and total
      antibody responses to MDI-HSA were detected only in workers with current or
      former exposure to MDI. Only one worker was identified with IgE-mediated
      occupational asthma exhibiting a positive prick test and elevated RAST to MDI-HSA
      of 25.5% bound. In this occupational setting, polyclonal immune responses to MDI
      HSA and clinical sensitization to MDI were demonstrated to occur.

PMID- 3392371
TI  - Allergy to castor bean. I. Its relationship to sensitization to common inhalant
      allergens (atopy).
AB  - The IgE response to castor bean (Ricinus communis) was studied in 96 castor bean
      allergic patients from Marseilles, France. All had positive skin tests to castor
      bean. The IgE response to grass, cat, dust mite, olive, and Parietaria was also
      measured, and a positive RAST to one or more of these allergens was taken to
      indicate atopic status. Castor bean-specific IgE antibodies, measured by RAST,
      were found in 87 (91%) of the castor bean-allergic patients, in two of 13 atopic
      Marseilles residents living close to the castor bean mills, in three of 42
      allergic subjects who had no known contact with castor bean, and in none of a
      control group of 111 Marseilles blood donors. Very high levels of castor bean
      specific IgE (maximum class 4 readings on the Phadebas RAST score) were found in
      54 (56%) of the castor bean-allergic patients, but the level of IgE antibody to
      castor bean was not significantly different in atopic and nonatopic subjects. The
      frequency of a positive serological test (RAST) for atopy in castor bean-allergic
      subjects (32%) was very similar to that found in the local population (36%).
      These data indicate that castor bean is an extremely potent sensitizer for both
      atopic and nonatopic individuals. The magnitude of the specific IgE antibody
      response is not related to the atopic status of the patient and may be a function
      of the physiochemical characteristics of the allergen itself.

PMID- 3392372
TI  - Allergy to castor bean. II. Identification of the major allergens in castor bean
      seeds.
AB  - Castor bean proteins were separated and identified by isoelectric focusing and
      sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and blotted onto
      nitrocellulose paper. The capacity of the castor bean proteins to bind human IgE
      was probed with sera from castor bean-sensitive patients and radiolabeled anti
      IgE. It proved difficult to identify allergens with isoelectric focusing.
      However, three allergens were identified when proteins were first separated on
      sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis: the 2S storage
      albumin, the 11S crystalloid proteins, and a third protein doublet with molecular
      weights of 47 and 51 kd. Specific IgE antibody to the 2S storage albumin,
      measured by RAST, was detected in most (96%) castor bean-sensitive patients,
      confirming it as the major allergen. We would like to suggest that the 2S albumin
      be named Ric c I, that the crystalloid proteins be named Ric c II, and that the
      47/51 kd doublet be named allergen 3.

PMID- 3392373
TI  - Immune responses to Aspergillus in cystic fibrosis.
AB  - Aspergillus fumigatus (Af) is well recognized in its ability to colonize the
      respiratory tract in cystic fibrosis (CF). Furthermore, a number of the immune
      responses of the patient with CF to this organism have been characterized, and
      the immune inflammatory response to Af may result in allergic bronchopulmonary
      aspergillosis (ABPA). This study evaluated a series of immunologic parameters in
      75 patients with CF in order to characterize more fully the spectrum of immune
      responses of those patients to Af and to clarify the relationship of those
      responses to the clinical features of ABPA. The patients could be classified into
      four groups, depending on the clinical and immunologic findings. Eight (10.7%) of
      the 75 patients had clinical and laboratory evidence of ABPA, including immediate
      cutaneous reactivity to Af, eosinophilia, elevated total serum IgE, elevated
      serum IgE-Af or IgG-Af, and precipitating antibody to Af. Ten (13.3%) patients
      had these features, except that the total serum IgE level was within the normal
      range. Forty (53.5%) of the patients had no significant criteria for ABPA but had
      varying immunologic responses to Af, such as immediate cutaneous reactivity to Af
      in 25 patients and elevated serum IgE-Af and/or IgG-Af in 19 patients. Seventeen
      (22.7%) patients had no evidence of an immunologic response, as determined by
      skin testing and serologic assays. The study demonstrated that the response of
      patients with CF to Af ranges from clinically apparent ABPA to a possible variant
      of ABPA, to a nondiagnostic group of features consistent with sensitization to Af
      or to no characteristic immune response.

PMID- 3392375
TI  - Screening for osteoporosis.

PMID- 3392374
TI  - Relation between frequency of asthma and IgE antibody levels against
      Dermatophagoides farinae and total serum IgE levels in schoolchildren.
AB  - The relation between the frequency of wheezing illness and IgE antibody levels
      against Dermatophagoides farinae (Df) and total IgE levels was examined in 457
      randomly selected schoolchildren. From the response to the ATS-DLD-78-C
      respiratory symptoms questionnaire, 14 subjects (3.1%) were found to have asthma
      syndrome (recurrent episodes of attacks of shortness of breath with wheezing) and
      17 subjects (3.7%), wheezing syndrome (only wheezing). The percentage of the
      asthma syndrome increased with increasing levels of Df-specific IgE, and there
      was an intimate correlation between the percentage of asthma syndrome and Df
      specific IgE levels (r = 0.97; p less than 0.001), whereas such association was
      not found between the two (r = -0.19; p greater than 0.5). Similar relations were
      found between the frequencies of the specific syndromes and total IgE levels.
      There was a significant correlation between total IgE levels and Df-specific IgE
      levels in the total population (r = 0.7; p less than 0.001). These results
      suggest that allergic reaction greatly contributes to the development of asthma
      in children.

PMID- 3392377
TI  - Care of the demented client.

PMID- 3392376
TI  - Model of shared control.

PMID- 3392378
TI  - Nursing diagnosis in age-related changes.

PMID- 3392379
TI  - Scanning electron microscopy of the hepatocyte cytoskeleton in human liver
      tissue.
AB  - Portions of eight human livers taken by wedge biopsy or needle biopsy were
      extracted with 0.5% Triton X-100 and then studied by scanning electron microscopy
      and immunoelectron microscopy. The wedge-biopsy specimens were perfused with the
      detergent solution. Needle-biopsy specimens were quickly frozen and cracked and
      then the cracked tissue was immersed in the detergent solution. The three
      dimensional filament network of hepatocytes was visualized. A dense network which
      consisted of intermediate filaments and microfilaments was observed within the
      cytoplasm of hepatocytes. These filaments were better preserved in the needle
      biopsies which were quick-frozen and cracked before extraction than in the wedge
      biopsies. Variation in the amount of the cytoskeletal filaments was less
      prominent in the hepatocytes treated by rapid freezing. It is concluded that
      freeze-cracking is the most favorable method for the study of cytoskeletal
      pathology in various liver diseases in man.

PMID- 3392381
TI  - Serum basement membrane and type III procollagen-related antigens in primary
      biliary cirrhosis.
AB  - A characteristic histological lesion in early primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is
      disruption of the basement membrane around small bile ducts, which at later
      stages of the disease is followed by fibrosis. To assess the significance of
      serum basement membrane- and type III procollagen-related antigens in reflecting
      such processes, we have measured radioimmunologically the concentrations of serum
      laminin, type IV collagen and the aminoterminal propeptide of type III
      procollagen in 22 patients with PBC, classified into four stages according to
      liver histology. The mean laminin concentration in PBC patients was twice that of
      the healthy control subjects. Increased concentrations were observed in all
      patients with stage III or IV of the disease and also in 60% (6/10) of the
      patients, with early stages (I or II). Elevated serum type IV collagen
      concentrations were found only in four patients, all in the late, fibrotic stages
      of the disease. The basement membrane protein changes in serum were in accordance
      with immunohistochemical findings obtained with the antibodies against these
      proteins. Neither of these serum parameters emerged, however, as a significant
      predictive factor for survival. The changes in serum aminoterminal propeptide of
      type III procollagen resembled those in laminin P1. Moreover, the propeptide was
      also significant as a predictive factor for survival.

PMID- 3392380
TI  - The antimitochondrial antibody anti-M9. A marker for the diagnosis of early
      primary biliary cirrhosis.
AB  - The clinical relevance of a new antimitochondrial antibody, anti-M9, reacting
      with an outer membrane-associated antigen on liver mitochondria is described.
      Sera from 22 anti-M2-negative patients with histologically proven primary biliary
      cirrhosis (PBC) who had been followed for 5-15 years were tested for anti-M9 in
      the ELISA using a purified M9-fraction. 18 (82%) were anti-M9-positive, and 17 of
      them (94%) were in stage I/II. None of the 17 anti-M9-positive/anti-M2-negative
      patients with early PBC progressed to stage III/IV during the observation period
      of 5-15 years, and in all instances anti-M9 remained of the IgM-type. In one anti
      M9-positive patient anti-M2 of the IgM type appeared 2 years after the first
      demonstration of anti-M9. Among 156 patients with anti-M2-positive PBC, 58 (37%)
      had anti-M9, and 39 of them (67%) were in stage I/II. 19 of these 39 stage I/II
      patients (49%) had anti-M9 exclusively of the IgM-type in contrast to none of the
      19 stage III/IV patients. Using the purified M9-fraction in ELISA and Western
      blotting, anti-M9 antibodies were confined only to patients with PBC or overlap
      syndromes between PBC and autoimmune chronic active hepatitis (10% of 133
      patients) and were not found in patients with other hepatic and non-hepatic
      disorders. We conclude that the determination of anti-M9 may be helpful for the
      diagnosis of early and asymptomatic PBC. From follow-up studies of anti-M9
      positive but anti-M2-negative patients it emerges that this antibody type may be
      associated with a benign course of PBC.

PMID- 3392382
TI  - Hyperglucagonism and glucagon resistance in cirrhosis. Paradoxical effect of
      propranolol on plasma glucagon levels.
AB  - Propranolol, a non-selective beta-blocker, is known to decrease glucagon release
      in normal subjects. The present study was aimed at investigating the effects of
      propranolol on the hyperglucagonism commonly observed in patients with cirrhosis.
      Eight cirrhotic patients and 6 matched healthy controls were studied. The plasma
      concentrations of glucagon, insulin, c-peptide and glucose were measured in basal
      conditions and after stimulating glucagon secretion by an i.v. infusion of
      arginine (0.4 g/kg/30 min). The study was repeated 24 h later after inducing beta
      blockade by the i.v. infusion of propranolol (10 mg). In baseline conditions,
      patients with cirrhosis, despite normal levels of insulin and glucose, had a
      marked hyperglucagonism (654 +/- 303 pg/ml vs. 269 +/- 90 in controls, P less
      than 0.01). Prior to propranolol, arginine infusion caused greater glucagon
      release in cirrhotics (71 +/- 31 ng.h.ml-1) than in controls (33 +/- 17 ng.h.ml
      1, P less than 0.02), but despite a similar insulin secretion (assessed from c
      peptide), blood glucose did not increase. After propranolol, glucagon secretion
      decreased as expected in controls (29 +/- 12 ng.h.ml-1, P less than 0.05) but
      experienced a paradoxical increase in cirrhotics (113 +/- 64 ng.h.ml-1, P less
      than 0.05). Again, despite the marked increase in glucagon release, there was no
      increase in glucose production, providing further evidence of the glucagon
      resistance that accompanies hyperglucagonism in cirrhosis. Our results suggest
      that hyperglucagonism with glucagon resistance might be the initial disturbance
      in carbohydrate metabolism in patients with cirrhosis. Contrary to what could be
      expected, propranolol does not correct but further accentuates this disturbance.

PMID- 3392383
TI  - Protective effect of colchicine on acute liver damage induced by carbon
      tetrachloride.
AB  - Pretreatment of rats with colchicine (10 micrograms/day) for 7 days protected
      against CCl4-induced acute liver damage. CCl4 intoxication was demonstrated
      histologically and by increased serum activities of glutamic-pyruvic
      transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase.
      Furthermore, an increase in liver lipid peroxidation and a decrease in plasma
      membrane gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity were found. Colchicine increased
      the LD50 of CCl4 2.5-fold and prevented the release of intracellular enzymes, as
      well as the decrease in gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity in the plasma
      membrane. It also completely prevented the lipid peroxidation produced by CCl4
      and limited the extent of the histological changes. Our results suggest that the
      protective effect of colchicine may be mediated through its action on an early
      toxic event, because treatment of the animals with colchicine produced a
      significant decrease in CCl4-induced lipid peroxidation.

PMID- 3392384
TI  - Sex steroid modulation of the hepatic uptake of organic anions in rat.
AB  - To investigate the role of sex steroids in the sex-related difference in the
      hepatic uptake of organic anions, sulphobromophthalein (bromsulphalein, BSP)
      transport was measured in hepatocytes isolated from rats either deprived of
      hormonal influence by castration at prepubertal age or after hormonal
      substitution. In control animals, the kinetics of BSP uptake showed the presence
      of two components: one saturable (0-3 microM), with high affinity and low
      capacity, and the other linear (9-30 microM), probably related to the non
      specific component of BSP uptake. Sex difference was detected only in the
      saturable portion of the uptake process as the apparent Km was significantly
      lower in females than in males (3.8 +/- 0.7 vs. 6.1 +/- 1.8 microM, mean +/- S.D.
      of six animals, P less than 0.01). In contrast, no difference was observed in
      Vmax (2.3 +/- 0.3 vs. 2.2 +/- 0.7 nmol BSP.(mg protein)-1.min-1). Castration was
      associated with the disappearance of the saturable uptake site and abolished the
      sex difference. Progesterone treatment of castrated males failed to restore the
      saturable kinetics of BSP uptake. In contrast, administration of oestradiol to
      castrated males or testosterone to castrated females did restore the saturable
      kinetics of the high-affinity BSP uptake. Km and Vmax were comparable to those of
      adult females and males, respectively, with the exception of testosterone which
      induced a Vmax value higher than that observed in the other groups of animals.
      These data suggest that the influence of oestrogen and testosterone is necessary
      for the expression of the high-affinity, low-capacity carrier-mediated process of
      hepatic BSP uptake.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3392385
TI  - Plasma catecholamine level and portal venous pressure as guides to prognosis in
      patients with cirrhosis.
AB  - Circulating noradrenaline is increased in patients with cirrhosis, especially in
      decompensated patients with ascites. Eighty-one patients with alcoholic cirrhosis
      were followed for up to 8 years in order to establish a possible relationship
      between plasma catecholamines, haemodynamics, and routine clinical and
      biochemical variables and survival. Forty-seven (58%) of the patients died during
      the follow-up period. Univariate analysis showed that plasma noradrenaline and
      adrenaline concentrations, portal pressure, indocyanine green clearance, serum
      sodium, bilirubin, and albumin concentrations, and the presence of ascites or
      cardiovascular disease were of significant prognostic value. In a multivariate
      analysis (Cox regression model), plasma noradrenaline concentration, portal
      pressure, serum bilirubin concentration, and the presence of ascites and
      cardiovascular disease remained significant independent predictors of survival.
      The results suggest that determination of the circulating level of noradrenaline
      and portal pressure may add to the prognostic information on survival obtained
      from routine tests. Thus, the activity of the sympathetic nervous system may
      indicate the severity of cirrhosis with respect to survival.

PMID- 3392386
TI  - Prochlorperazine-induced chronic cholestasis.
AB  - A patient with prochlorperazine-induced cholestasis that persisted for more than
      2 years is reported. The timing of the onset of jaundice, the clinical,
      biochemical and histological findings and the subsequent course of this patient
      were typical of chlorpromazine-induced chronic cholestasis. Despite subsequent
      resolution of jaundice, liver biopsy performed 2 years after the onset of
      clinical disease showed fibrous expansion of the portal tracts with focal porto
      portal and centro-portal bridging fibrosis, and paucity of inter-lobular bile
      ducts, a picture simulating that of primary biliary cirrhosis. Long-term follow
      up is required to determine whether this patient will progress to frank
      cirrhosis.

PMID- 3392387
TI  - Bobber: a cervical ataxic mutant in the domestic turkey responsive to sunlight.
AB  - Bobber is a genetic disorder in the domestic turkey that is usually expressed
      between two and four weeks of age. The condition is permanent and is
      characterized by ventrocaudad bending of the neck accompanied by a lateral
      pendulumlike motion of the head between the legs. Expressivity of the defect is
      variable and may be exhibited in some turkeys as a stargazing posture or a rapid
      clockwise twirling motion. When suspended by the legs in a head-down orientation,
      afflicted turkeys exhibit an inward turning of the neck and head toward the
      breast as opposed to an outward turning in normal turkeys. The disorder is
      inherited as a sex-linked recessive trait. The symbol bo is used for the gene.
      The defect can be corrected by exposure to intense light in the visible spectrum.

PMID- 3392388
TI  - A genetic defect in hyomandibular furrow closure in the Japanese quail: the
      causes for ear-opening abnormality and formation of an ear tuft.
AB  - The mutant ET (ear tuft) quail strain is characterized by an ear-opening
      abnormality frequently accompanied by ear tufts. The mutant ear opening is oval
      shaped with a fissure on its ventral margin, whereas the ear tufts project from
      the ventral end of the fissure or the posterior margin of the ear opening. The
      ear tufts are composed of a feathered peduncle. The size of the ear tufts and the
      ear-opening abnormality are variable. The incidence of the ear tufts and the ear
      opening abnormality in the ET embryos at 15 days of incubation was 33% and 42%,
      respectively. Examination of early embryos revealed an incomplete closure of the
      hyomandibular furrow, the incidence of which was 91% in 5 day embryos. It appears
      that the hyomandibular furrow abnormality is the primary defect leading to the
      ear-opening and ear-tuft traits. Genetic analyses of hyomandibular furrow closure
      defect indicated it to be due to an autosomal recessive mutation. The proposed
      gene symbol is hfd.

PMID- 3392389
TI  - Mating structure and the cost of deleterious mutation: I. Postponing inbreeding.
AB  - Mating structure governs the distribution of alleles in populations and thus the
      extent to which the phenotypes associated with the alleles are manifested. A
      mating system which initially achieves more genetic identity within individuals
      than between individuals enhances the probability that a finite population
      without reproductive excess will become extinct from a recessive lethal or
      semidominant lethal mutation; however, such a mating system decreases the number
      of deaths that will ensue if the population size is maintained by replacement of
      inviable progeny with individuals engendered from the entire mating pool. This is
      illustrated with Markov chain models for half-sib and double-first-cousin mating
      in populations of four individuals and by various techniques for analogous large
      populations. An appropriate choice of mating strategy can mitigate the effect of
      deleterious mutations, but the determination of which strategy is appropriate
      depends on how much reproductive excess is available and on the relative costs
      assigned to individual deaths and the extinction of a population.

PMID- 3392390
TI  - Ultrastructural aspects of the goiter in cog/cog mice.
AB  - Thyroids of congenitally goitrous (cog/cog) mice were studied with light and
      electron microscopy. The principal alteration in follicular cells was their
      largely overdistended rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). Our findings resemble
      the ultrastructural features of human hypothyroid goiter caused by a
      thyroglobulin (TG) defect and thus support the previously suggested abnormalities
      of TG synthesis and/or processing in cog/cog mice.

PMID- 3392392
TI  - Calcitonin and chromogranin A localization in medullary carcinoma of the thyroid
      by immunoelectron microscopy.
AB  - We used a post-embedding immunoelectron microscopy method, using protein A-gold,
      to detect calcitonin and chromogranin A immunoreactivity in three cases of human
      medullary thyroid carcinoma. Because the epoxy-embedded tissue had been fixed
      (glutaraldehyde or formaldehyde) and osmicated before embedment, the proteins
      were identified in optimally preserved tissue. Uranyl and lead staining was used
      after immunolabeling, so that the tissue was also optimally contrasted. The
      morphological advantage provided by osmication was tested by labeling rat thyroid
      gland C-cells for calcitonin. The protein A-gold technique allowed localization
      of both antigens to the contents of membrane-bound secretory granules in the
      tumor cells. In one case, labeling density for each antigen was measured over
      several intercellular compartments and the interstitium. Calcitonin, but not
      chromogranin A, reactivity was also identified in intracellular amyloid fibrils
      in two cases, showing that the constant region of calcitonin is preserved in
      amyloid deposits related to the tumor cells.

PMID- 3392391
TI  - High-resolution cytochemistry of neuraminic and hexuronic acid-containing
      macromolecules applying the enzyme-gold approach.
AB  - We localized acidic glycoconjugates at the ultrastructural level by applying the
      enzyme-gold approach. Neuraminidase and hyaluronidase were adsorbed to colloidal
      gold particles and applied to tissue sections under optimal conditions for their
      enzymatic activity. Neuraminidase-gold labeling was distributed over the Golgi
      apparatus and associated secretory granules in exocrine pancreatic cells and
      duodenal goblet cells. Mitochondria were labeled over inner membranes. Labeling
      was also found over the dispersed chromatin in the nucleus. Plasma membranes,
      particularly the apical side, were labeled by gold particles. On the other hand,
      incubation of tissue sections with the hyaluronidase-gold complex resulted in
      intense labeling of the rER membranes, the plasma membrane, and the dense
      chromatin in the nucleus. Labeling was also found over the Golgi apparatus and
      associated secretory granules, but only in duodenal goblet cells. Specificity of
      the results was confirmed by various control experiments performed, indicating
      that the enzyme-gold technique is useful for detecting linked-sugar residues on
      tissue thin sections. Labelings found over intra- and extracellular compartments
      in the present work are discussed in light of previous biochemical indications as
      well as of other histochemical detections of these glycoconjugates.

PMID- 3392393
TI  - Microfluorometry of pectic materials in the dehiscence zone of almond (Prunus
      dulcis [Mill.] DA Webb) fruits.
AB  - We examined the middle lamella and the primary and secondary walls in almond
      pericarp dehiscence zone cells using a fluorescent cytochemical method which
      permitted specific, quantitative detection of pectic cell wall materials. Glycol
      methacrylate-embedded sections were stained with coriphosphine and pectin
      specific fluorescent emissions at 630 nm were quantified using green excitation
      (546 nm). Examination of sectioned material extracted with purified pecto-lytic
      enzyme preparations was used to demonstrate the relative specificity of the
      staining reaction for pectic substances.

PMID- 3392394
TI  - Mitogen-induced lymphocyte transformation in four different serum-free media.
AB  - The proliferative responses of lymphocytes induced by the mitogens
      phytohemagglutinin (PHA), pokeweed mitogen (PWM) and concanavalin A (ConA) were
      tested in four different serum-free lymphocyte culture media in which serum was
      replaced by commercially produced serum substitutes. Two of the serum-free
      lymphocytes cultures (SF-X and FEB-100) achieved proliferative responses to PHA
      and PWM comparable with those obtained in medium containing fetal calf serum, but
      only when the cell number was increased, whereas none of the lymphocyte cultures
      in serum-free medium showed adequate proliferative responses to ConA stimulation.
      The essential factors in serum-free media for optimal growth and mitogen
      stimulation of lymphocytes include insulin, transferrin, electrolytes, glutamine
      and a high cell concentration.

PMID- 3392396
TI  - A rapid method for processing very large numbers of tissue sections for
      immunohistochemical hybridoma screening.
AB  - A hybridoma screening format which facilitates the processing of thousands of
      tissue sections for immunohistochemical analysis is described. The method
      utilizes sterile replica transfers of monoclonal antibody-containing test
      supernatants from 96-well culture plates to tissue sections mounted in
      appropriately sized 8 X 12 arrays, and is extremely rapid and inexpensive.

PMID- 3392395
TI  - Miniaturization of the immunoblot technique. Rapid screening for the detection of
      monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies.
AB  - A miniaturization of the immunoblot technique permitting the use of as little as
      50 microliters of antibody is described. This method does not require any special
      equipment and the whole experimental procedure (incubation, washing, detection)
      can be performed in the same chamber, with economy of reagents at all steps and
      no prenumbering of blotted strips. This method has been applied for screening the
      presence of antibodies in hybridoma culture supernatants and is of special
      interest for testing any scarce material (immune sera or antigens).

PMID- 3392397
TI  - Duck lymphocyte transformation.

PMID- 3392398
TI  - Synergistic effect of lymphokines and lipopolysaccharides on macrophage
      chemiluminescence. Appearance of spontaneous chemiluminescence and its
      correlation with cytotoxicity.
AB  - A new type of chemiluminescence (CL) was observed in thioglycolate-elicited ICR
      mouse peritoneal macrophages which had been incubated for 24 h in medium
      containing lymphokines (LK) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS), and then exposed to a
      CL reagent solution containing luminol and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). The
      new CL, which was clearly distinguishable from PMA-induced CL, appeared
      immediately after the addition of the CL reagent solution, reaching a maximal
      level at about 30 s, and disappeared rapidly. We have called the new CL
      'spontaneous CL', since it appeared spontaneously without PMA triggering. When
      the macrophages were incubated with LK in the presence of 10 ng/ml of LPS, the
      spontaneous CL began to appear after about 4 h incubation, the maximal level
      being reached at about 12 h, after which it decreased gradually on further
      incubation. After 48 h, it could not be observed at all. The spontaneous CL could
      be observed only in macrophages simultaneously treated with LK and LPS, as in the
      case of cytotoxicity. The correlation between spontaneous CL and cytotoxicity was
      suggested by the following; they showed a similar dose dependency to LK, and
      neither of them could be induced in aged macrophages which had been incubated in
      vitro for 1 day before exposure to LK and LPS. These results suggest that
      spontaneous CL measurement could possibly replace the cytotoxicity test as a
      simple method for the determination of macrophage activating factor.

PMID- 3392399
TI  - [Tumor grafts in the upper urinary tract secondary to tumors of the bladder
      epithelium].
AB  - A retrospective study of cases seen between 1975 and 1985 showed 24 tumors of
      upper urinary tract secondary to primary bladder localizations. These secondary
      localizations developed during evolution of multi-resected recurring bladder
      tumors, within a mean period of 15 months after discovery of a secondary
      vesicorenal reflux. This reflux is acquired constantly during the course of these
      tumors and it is undoubtedly responsible for the onset of these upper tract
      tumoral grafts. These findings suggest the need for urographic surveillance
      combined with regular endoscopic examinations of patients with bladder tumors,
      for prevention of reflux during endoscopic resections and for treatment of any
      reflux detected.

PMID- 3392400
TI  - [Dysuria in women and bladder hypocontractibility].
AB  - Urodynamic tests used to analyze 120 cases of non-neurogenic and non-iatrogenic
      dysuria in women provided data to which the following criteria were applied:
      maximum output less than 15 ml/s and/or residue greater than 100 ml. Clinical
      examination, including endoscopy, established a possible obstructive cause in 60
      cases (36 patients with prolapse, 12 with urethral stenosis and 12 with cervical
      disease) the 60 other cases remaining unexplained. The frequency of reduced or
      absent contractility, 68% in the total population, is still 58% when a cervico
      urethral obstruction exists.

PMID- 3392401
TI  - [Antegrade endoscopic treatment of calculi of the ureter].
AB  - The author has treated 29 ureteric stones, situated in the lumbar ureter in 27
      cases, via an antegrade endoscopic approach. On only one occasion, at the
      beginning of the series, the attempt failed due to loss of the nephrostomy tract.
      Another attempt failed in a case of an unusually hard stone in the pelvic segment
      of a congenital megaureter. In 18 out of 29 cases (62%), the stone was pushed
      back into the renal cavities and was extracted by percutaneous nephrotomy, in the
      absence of extracorporeal lithotripsy. The other 11 cases were treated by in situ
      lithotripsy (10 cases) or by Dormia basket extraction (1 case). Apart from the
      complete failures indicated above, there was also on partial failure following
      electric in situ lithotripsy in the iliac ureter. 26/29 cases were treated with
      complete success. There were no immediate complications and no cases of secondary
      stenosis. After a comparative analysis of the published series, the author
      concludes on the superiority of antegrade endoscopic treatment of lumbar ureteric
      stones over retrograde treatment by ascending ureteroscopy.

PMID- 3392402
TI  - Application of transpubic approach in the management of lower urinary tract
      pathology in 110 patients. A critical review.
AB  - The male lower urinary tract, which comprises the bladder neck, prostate and
      membranous urethra, is well hidden behind the pubic symphysis. Historically,
      surgeons have attempted to expose this part of the anatomy by removing the pubic
      symphysis, in part or in total, during the surgical procedure. In 1923, for the
      first time, Walker from Australia attempted to obtain better access to the
      prostate to treat prostatic cancer. Since the surgeons have utilized transpubic
      approach in a variety of surgical pathologies. We present our experience in
      managing 110 patients of both sexes ranging in age from 6 to 70 years. They
      presented with different lower genitourinary tract pathologies, with
      prostatomembranous strictures comprising 77% of the cases. Clinical indications
      for transpubic approach, crucial surgical principles, complications of the
      procedure, and, more importantly, long term evaluation of patients for 10 years
      or more, is presented. Transpubic approach has an ongoing role in the surgical
      and urological management both in children and adult patients of both sexes.
      Transpubic approach is a safe technique with minimal long-term complications and
      no post-operative orthopedic sequelae.

PMID- 3392403
TI  - [Ureteral lesions produced by an aortofemoral prosthesis. Apropos of a case].
AB  - Ureteral lesions following surgery to aorta are reported infrequently. Since
      1966, when Lytton published an account of ureteral obstruction from a graft
      anterior to ureter, several series have been published. In the present case the
      initial problem was to consider the diagnosis, masked by a supposedly abdominal
      symptomatology. The second stage was analysis of results of urography and tests
      of the fluid collection. Effective treatment of this serious complication with
      preservation of infection of graft was obtained in the case reported by
      conservative surgery by means of ureteral anastomosis.

PMID- 3392404
TI  - [Ureteral valves. Apropos of a case].
AB  - We report one case of congenital ureteral valves treated successfully by excision
      of the involved segment and uretero-ureterostomy. We review the literature
      regarding ureteral valves and discuss the mechanism of their formation.

PMID- 3392405
TI  - [Pathogenicity and environmental carcinogenesis of chronic interstitial
      nephropathies with urothelial cancer].

PMID- 3392406
TI  - [Low-pressure ileal neobladder formed by antimesentery section of circular smooth
      muscle fibers].
AB  - The goal of this presentation is to describe operative technique and first
      clinical results of a ileal neobladder for total bladder replacement. Creation of
      an ileal neobladder for total bladder replacement is described in 18 patients. To
      achieve a low pressure system, disruption of directional bowel peristalsis with a
      longitudinal incision at the antimesenteric border of a 70 cm ileal segment is
      performed. A spherical pouch, the neobladder, is fashioned and anastomosed to the
      urethra. The ureters are implanted according to Le Duc and Camey. Videourodynamic
      studies during various postoperative phases demonstrate this neobladder to be a
      urinary reservoir with a capacity approximating that of a normal bladder, good
      compliance during filling by maintaining pressures lower than 30 cm water and no
      reflux. Advantages of this procedure when compared with "Kock's pouch", "Mainz
      pouch", "Camey's ileal bladder" or "the Bag" are: non interference with terminal
      ileum and Bauhin's valve (vitamin B 12 absorption); simple, sure surgical
      technique giving constant results (absence of invagination, and of rotation on
      mesenteric axis as in Kock's pouch); sensitivity of new bladder with rhythmicity
      of micturition in 18 cases; lowest intracavitary pressures of all reconstructed
      reservoirs.

PMID- 3392407
TI  - [Costolumbar pain, aneurysm of the renal artery and hypertension].
AB  - Thrombosis of a renal artery aneurysm had provoked renal atrophy and secondary
      renovascular hypertension in a patient in whom rapid diagnosis was not possible
      from the abdominal symptomatology and results of biological tests. Investigation
      of lumbar pain should therefore include an IVU with or without subsequent renal
      arteriography, the rapid execution of these examinations being of primordial
      importance. Treatment was by nephrectomy, which allowed hypertension to be
      controlled and risks related to the aneurysm avoided.

PMID- 3392408
TI  - [Gleason's system and pelvic lymphadenectomy in the pretherapeutic evaluation of
      cancer of the prostate. Apropos of 85 cases].
AB  - Accuracy of staging of prostatic cancer is related to invasive procedures since
      imaging methods do not allow a reliable knowledge of the nodal status.
      Unfortunately lymphadenectomy is adversely affected by morbidity and mortality,
      therefore alternative methods should be elaborated. Post-lymphographic aspiration
      cytology seems to be worthwhile, having proved to be a reliable, accurate, safe
      procedure which can provide useful information in the management of patients with
      prostatic cancer. Nevertheless uncertainty exists upon the clinical significance
      of negative cytologic findings. In this connection correlation between grading
      and aspiration cytology can constitute a further improvement. In our experience
      the Gleason grading system has shown to be the most reliable and reproducible. 85
      patients classified according to the Gleason's system, underwent staging
      lymphadenectomy and no nodal metastases were present when the Gleason score was
      lower than 5. In 50 cases even aspiration cytology was accomplished before
      surgery. No false positive cytologic findings were seen on histologic
      verification. Two false negative results were obtained in patients with Gleason
      score higher than 5. In conclusion we believe that when prostatic cancer shows a
      Gleason score lower than 5 and the lymph node aspiration cytology is negative no
      staging lymphadenectomy should be performed. On the contrary in cases with
      Gleason sum from 5 to 10 negative nodal cytologic findings are inconclusive,
      nevertheless this rate of patients is low and the necessity of surgical staging
      can be really reduced.

PMID- 3392409
TI  - Exposure to parturient cats: a risk factor for acquisition of Q fever in Maritime
      Canada.
AB  - Over a 34-mo period we studied 51 patients with Q fever and 102 control subjects
      (with various lower-respiratory-tract infections) who were matched for age, sex,
      and time of onset of infection. By univariate analysis (not adjusted for multiple
      comparisons), cases differed significantly from controls in the following
      activities: working on a farm; slaughtering or dressing animals; and contact with
      cats, cattle, and sheep. The strongest association was with exposure to stillborn
      kittens--11 of 51 cases vs. none of 102 controls (P less than .00000)--and with
      exposure to parturient cats (odds ratio, 10.3; 95% confidence interval, 3.5
      31.8). Exposures to newborn animals (chiefly kittens) and stillborn kittens were
      significant risk factors by multivariate analysis, as were rural residence and
      slaughtering or dressing animals. In 13 Q fever incidents following exposure to
      parturient cats, 80 people became ill, 52 of whom had serological evidence of
      recent Coxiella burnetii infection (most of the others were not tested).

PMID- 3392410
TI  - Changing presentation of herpes simplex virus infection in neonates.
AB  - We compared the clinical presentation of 95 newborns with herpes simplex virus
      (HSV) infection from 1973 through 1981 (first period) with data from 196 newborns
      evaluated from 1982 through 1987 (second period). There was a significant change
      in the presentation of infection in these infants. From the first to the second
      period, the frequency of disseminated disease decreased from 50.5% to 22.9%,
      whereas the frequency of skin, eye, and mouth (SEM) diseases increased from 17.9%
      to 43.4% (P less than .001). The frequency of infants with central nervous system
      (CNS) disease remained relatively unchanged--31.6% versus 33.7%. We also compared
      the demographic and clinical characteristics of the infants and their mothers.
      For neonates with CNS or disseminated infection, disease duration and frequency
      of prematurity were significantly decreased in the second period, as was the
      frequency of skin vesicles for newborns with SEM or disseminated infection. These
      changes are most likely the consequence of recognizing and treating SEM infection
      before its progression to more-severe disease.

PMID- 3392411
TI  - Prenatal and postnatal production of IgM and IgA antibodies to rubella virus
      studied by antibody capture immunoassay.
AB  - Rubella virus-specific IgM and IgA antibodies were quantitated by antibody
      capture immunoassay in adults after primary infection and after experimentally
      induced reinfection. Antibodies to rubella virus were also detected in fetuses
      whose mothers had rubella before week 18 of pregnancy. IgM and IgA concentrations
      in fetal blood were determined by radial immunodiffusion and enzyme immunoassay,
      respectively. In primary postnatal infection, IgM antibodies were consistently
      found until week 8 after onset of the disease, and after week 14 these antibodies
      were usually no longer detected. The time of disappearance of rubella virus
      specific IgA varied with each individual. After vaccination of previously immune
      volunteers, no change was noted in level of IgA antibody, and no IgM antibody was
      detected. In infected fetuses, total IgM and IgA concentrations rose
      significantly, and rubella virus-specific IgM and IgA antibodies were detected as
      early as week 22 of pregnancy.

PMID- 3392412
TI  - Chronic hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection in hepatitis B virus carrier
      chimpanzees experimentally superinfected with HDV.
AB  - Chimpanzees that were chronic hepatitis B virus carriers and that were
      superinfected with hepatitis D virus (HDV) apparently developed acute, self
      limited type D hepatitis. Reevaluation with a sensitive hybridization-based assay
      using RNA probes specific for the HDV genome, however, demonstrated that greater
      than 50% of these animals still had detectable signs of ongoing HDV replication
      an average of 2.4 y (range, 1-6.4 y) after inoculation. The only positive marker
      for the presence of HDV was serum HDV RNA; HDV antigen was undetectable in both
      serum and the liver by an immunoblot assay and immunofluorescence, respectively.
      Because the detected amount of viral genome was very low, the previous failure to
      identify the chronic HDV carrier state in the chimpanzee can be attributed to the
      lower sensitivity of previously described assays.

PMID- 3392413
TI  - Evidence for a slow elimination phase for penicillin G.

PMID- 3392414
TI  - Bacterial colonization of orthopedic fixation devices in the absence of clinical
      infection.

PMID- 3392415
TI  - Serological evidence of possible human infection with Ehrlichia in Texas.

PMID- 3392416
TI  - Virus-induced immunosuppression: a murine model of susceptibility to
      opportunistic infection.

PMID- 3392417
TI  - Airborne transmission of nosocomial varicella from localized zoster.

PMID- 3392418
TI  - Human-to-human transmission of Leptospira interrogans by milk.

PMID- 3392419
TI  - Microbiological and clinical significance of a new property of defective lysis in
      clinical strains of pneumococci.
AB  - A pneumococcal isolate that caused relapsing meningitis in a patient infected
      with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was found to display an unusual response
      to penicillin--rapid death but a striking lack of cellular lysis. This lytic
      defect was also detected in all four pneumococcal isolates from three additional
      HIV-infected patients and in more than half of the clinical isolates from
      patients with bacteremia. In a rabbit model of meningitis, the lysis-defective
      strain remained cryptic, with a delay of 5 h in the onset of leukocytosis in
      cerebrospinal fluid. A marked burst of leukocytosis was associated with
      ampicillin-induced lysis of a lysis-sensitive strain but not of a lysis-defective
      strain. Pneumococcal clinical isolates have different lytic responses to
      penicillin; defective lysis may adversely affect the course of meningitis, an
      observation suggesting that autolysins play a role in modulating infectious
      diseases.

PMID- 3392420
TI  - Human disease due to Mycobacterium smegmatis.
AB  - Mycobacterium smegmatis is a rapidly growing environmental species not considered
      a human pathogen. We identified 22 human isolates of M. smegmatis from Australia
      and the southern United States: 19 were from skin or soft-tissue infections, and
      none were from urine or the male genital tract. These isolates closely resembled
      Mycobacterium fortuitum, except for a negative three-day arylsulfatase test;
      growth at 43-45 C; a low semiquantitative catalase test; and, in 50% of isolates,
      a late-developing, yellow-to-orange pigment. The isolates were biochemically
      identical to four reference strains and the type strain of M. smegmatis. Isolates
      were resistant to isoniazid and rifampin but susceptible to ethambutol,
      doxycycline, sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, imipenem, and amikacin. Eleven
      patients treated on the basis of in vitro susceptibility tests responded well to
      therapy. The similarity of M. smegmatis to M. fortuitum and the failure to
      recognize that the former is an environmental species may have contributed to
      previous failures to recognize it as a human pathogen.

PMID- 3392421
TI  - Field trial of oral cholera vaccines in Bangladesh: results of one year of follow
      up.
AB  - We assessed the protective efficacy (PE) of three doses of B subunit-killed whole
      cell (BS-WC) and killed whole cell-only (WC) oral cholera vaccines in a
      randomized, double-blind trial among 62,285 children and women residing in rural
      Bangladesh. After one complete year of surveillance, 110 cases of cholera were
      detected in the placebo group, 52 in the WC group (PE, 53%; P less than .0001),
      and 41 in the BS-WC group (PE, 62%; P less than .0001). Protection was greater
      for BS-WC recipients than for WC recipients only during the initial eight months
      of observation. Both vaccines conferred equivalent protection against cholera
      associated with life-threatening dehydration and against less severe cholera.
      High-grade, sustained protection was observed in persons vaccinated when older
      than five years; in younger persons protection was transient. We conclude that BS
      WC and WC vaccines confer significant protection against cholera, particularly in
      persons vaccinated when older than five years.

PMID- 3392423
TI  - Evaluation of single-drug and combination antifungal therapy in an experimental
      model of candidiasis in rabbits with prolonged neutropenia.
AB  - We developed an experimental model of candidiasis in rabbits with prolonged
      neutropenia. Rabbits were made neutropenic with cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C)
      administered through an indwelling silastic catheter that had been surgically
      implanted in the external jugular vein. Neutropenia was sustained with
      intravenous Ara-C, and bacterial complications were prevented with parenteral
      ceftazidime plus ampicillin. Candidiasis was established by intravenously
      administering Candida albicans or Candida tropicalis (1-2 x 10(5) colony-forming
      units) and resulted in hepatic and splenic lesions that mimicked those associated
      with hepatosplenic candidiasis in humans. The kidney proved to be the site most
      refractory to eradication of Candida spp. and offered a target organ for
      assessing antifungal therapy. We evaluated amphotericin B, 5-flucytosine,
      ketoconazole, and rifampin, alone and in combination. Although each agent reduced
      the colony counts of Candida in the liver, spleen, and lung, the combination of
      amphotericin B and 5-flucytosine was the only regimen effective in eradicating
      renal candidiasis.

PMID- 3392422
TI  - Single, large, daily dosing versus intermittent dosing of tobramycin for treating
      experimental pseudomonas pneumonia.
AB  - Single, large, daily aminoglycoside doses in animals are less toxic than
      conventional dosing, and higher drug concentrations in vitro produce more-rapid
      bacterial killing. Thus, we compared various aminoglycoside dosing schedules in
      neutropenic (n = 153) and nonneutropenic (n = 192) guinea pigs with Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa pneumonia. Equivalent tobramycin dosages were given: 5 mg/kg every 4 h
      or 30 mg/kg every 24 h. Animals were serially killed during therapy, and
      quantitative lung cultures were performed. Bacterial titers in lungs dropped
      rapidly in all tobramycin-treated animals, both neutropenic and nonneutropenic,
      during the initial 16 h of therapy. In nonneutropenic guinea pigs, lung titers
      remained constant despite continued 4-h dosing. With subsequent 24-h dosing,
      titers continued to drop, and by 72 h there were a significant number of animals
      with sterile lungs (P less than .01). In neutropenic guinea pigs given tobramycin
      every 24 h, bacterial regrowth occurred; thus, therapy was ineffective. Adding
      mezlocillin, however, suppressed regrowth; thus, combination therapy was superior
      (P less than .05).

PMID- 3392424
TI  - Implantable helical coil microwave antenna for interstitial hyperthermia.
AB  - An implantable helical coil microwave antenna has been developed for improved
      localization and control of interstitial hyperthermia for deep-seated tumours. A
      helical coil structure was employed as an extension of the inner conductor at the
      terminal portion of a miniature semi-rigid coaxial cable. The antennas were
      constructed with three different connection configurations of the helical coil to
      the feedline, and with several coil turn densities during the optimization of
      heating characteristics. In order to compare relative antenna heating
      performance, a set of quantitative parameters was introduced. Power deposition
      profiles of 2450 MHz helical coil antennas were studied in both phantom models
      and muscle tissue in vivo, and compared to those of commonly used dipole
      antennas. Optimal antenna performance was obtained with a 10-turn per 1 cm
      helical coil connected to the inner conductor at the tip and separated from the
      outer conductor by a 0.1 cm gap (HCS-10). These antennas produced a well
      localized heating pattern with a sharp falloff of temperature in both directions
      axially from the coil element. For half-wavelength insertion depths, the
      effective heating length (50 per cent of maximum SAR) of HCS-10 antennas matched
      that of standard dipole antennas, but was shifted down towards the tip. For
      shorter and deeper antenna insertion depths the HCS-10 heating pattern remained
      similarly localized to the region surrounding the helical coil with minimal cold
      zone at the tip. In contrast, the dipole antenna heating pattern changed
      significantly depending on insertion depth, with an unavoidable 0.2-0.7 cm cold
      region at the antenna tip and elevated surface temperatures for short insertion
      depths.

PMID- 3392425
TI  - Evidence for two states of thermotolerance in mammalian cells.
AB  - The effect of the inhibition of protein synthesis on the development of
      thermotolerance in Chinese hamster fibroblasts following a brief heat shock or
      exposure to sodium arsenite has been examined. Under conditions that inhibit
      protein synthesis by 95 per cent, significant amounts of thermotolerance develop
      after a brief exposure to 45 degrees C or continuous exposure to 41 degrees C,
      without the significant accumulation of heat shock proteins. However, no
      thermotolerance development in cells treated with sodium arsenite was observed if
      protein synthesis was inhibited. Heated cells which developed thermotolerance in
      the absence of protein synthesis are subject to the thermal sensitizing action of
      subsequent exposure to amino acid analogues, while cells which developed
      thermotolerance with unimpeded protein synthesis are refractory. These results
      suggest that heat can simultaneously induce two states of thermotolerance, only
      one of which is dependent on protein synthesis. These two states can be
      distinguished operationally with respect to their response to amino acid analogue
      exposure.

PMID- 3392426
TI  - Morphological and functional recovery of rat small intestine following localized
      hyperthermia.
AB  - Structural and functional changes in the rat small intestine following localized
      hyperthermia were examined. In anaesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats a 10 cm
      segment of mid-small intestine was temporarily exteriorized, suspended in a cup
      containing Krebs-Ringer solution, and either heated at 43.5 degrees C or sham
      heated at 38 degrees C for 45 min. The intestinal segments were studied 1, 4, 7,
      21 and 42 days later by histopathological examination, determination of wet
      weight, dry weight and gross segment area, and by measuring absorption of 15 mM
      D(+)-glucose containing 14C-labelled D(+)-glucose as a tracer. Intestinal glucose
      transport was assessed by two different techniques: the everted sac method (in
      vitro) and luminal perfusion-recirculation (in vivo). After 1 day, heated
      intestinal segments exhibited marked mucosal damage, consisting of loss of
      epithelial cells and destruction of villi. Re-epithelialization had occurred by
      day 4, but mucosal architecture remained abnormal throughout the observation
      period. Hyperthermia caused significant thickening of the intestinal wall: at 4
      days the thickening was due to oedema, whereas at 42 days tissue mass per cm2 in
      heated segments had increased by approximately 53 per cent compared with sham
      heated control segments. At 1 day, net glucose transport in vitro in heated
      segments was reduced to 20 per cent and the serosal/mucosal concentration ratio
      to 57 per cent of that of control segments. In vivo, glucose transport in heated
      intestine at 4 days was 45 per cent of that of controls. From 4 days on, glucose
      transport improved gradually, and at 42 days there was no significant difference
      between heated and sham-heated animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3392427
TI  - Effect of pH on development and decay of thermotolerance in CHO cells using
      fractionated heating at 43 degrees C.
AB  - The development and decay of thermotolerance at pH 6.7, 7.1 and 7.7 was studied
      after fractionated hyperthermia at 43 degrees C using exponentially growing CHO
      cells. The maximum of thermotolerance and the time interval to reach this maximum
      were found to correlate with the survival decrement after the priming heat
      treatment. Both parameters were only affected by pH in so far as the pH altered
      survival after the priming treatment. Decay of thermotolerance was exponential.
      For a given priming heat treatment for the time t1, the half-time of decay, tau
      1/2, increased linearly with increasing cell doubling time, tau d, measured for
      non-heated cells growing at different pH. On the other hand, for a given cell
      doubling time, tau d, the half-time, tau 1/2, increased exponentially with
      increasing duration of the priming heat treatment, t1. For all measured data the
      half-time of thermotolerance decay could be described by the equation tau 1/2 =
      alpha. tau d.exp(k.t1), with k = 2.2 +/- 0.2 h-1 and alpha = 0.094 +/- 0.009 for
      all pretreatments applied and all pH conditions tested. This relationship might
      indicate that the decay of thermotolerance is governed by a single mechanism.

PMID- 3392428
TI  - [A simple gradient former made of disposable syringes].

PMID- 3392429
TI  - [A competitor improves the discriminating ability of a oligonucleotide probe for
      a point mutation].

PMID- 3392430
TI  - Distributed incubation and infectious periods in models of the transmission
      dynamics of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
AB  - Distributions describing variation in the incubation and infectious periods of
      the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are derived from a series of risk or
      hazard functions. Four possible forms of the probability density function are
      considered, namely, exponential, Weibull, Erlang/gamma, and rectangular, and the
      properties and underlying risk functions are compared and contrasted. Models of
      the transmission dynamics of the virus, encapsulating different assumptions
      concerning the distributed incubation and infectious periods, are analysed, and
      their properties compared by steady-state and local-stability analyses and
      numerical methods.

PMID- 3392431
TI  - Period-doubling bifurcations leading to chaos in discrete models of biology.
AB  - Elementary methods are used to analyse periodic bifurcations associated with
      discrete models of the reaction-diffusion type motivated by population genetics.
      In particular, the existence and stability of temporal bifurcations of periods 1,
      2, and 3 are discussed. The study of the route to chaos due to diffusive effects
      is initiated.

PMID- 3392432
TI  - Linear diffusion of lead in the intestinal wall: a theoretical study.
AB  - In this paper, the authors present a diffusion model of the intestinal wall to
      describe the transient overall uptake of lead ions across the epithelium of
      gastrointestinal mucosa and their subsequent diffusion in the underlying blood
      capillaries. The gastrointestinal mucosa is treated as a heterogeneous two-phase
      medium, consisting of a continuous extracellular phase and a dispersed cellular
      phase. The main mode of uptake is considered to be bulk diffusion, since
      transport of lead across the mucosal membrane occurs mainly by a passive
      diffusion process. The equations give the variation with time of concentrations
      of lead in both the phases across the intestinal wall. The mean concentration of
      lead available for absorption by the blood capillaries has been studied as a
      function of time. It is found that a steady state is reached in 19.45 min. It has
      been possible to estimate the intestinal membrane permeability for the lead
      molecule from this analysis: it is calculated to be 3.34 X 10(-3) s-1. Finally,
      the rate of lead uptake by the blood for different gut concentrations has been
      calculated.

PMID- 3392433
TI  - A stochastic model of pulmonary platelet production.
AB  - Normally, cells reproduce by mitosis. In mammals, a system has evolved that is
      unique to cell biology. The circulating blood cells called platelets are produced
      from parent cells called megakaryocytes, but the mechanism of platelet production
      is not mitosis. At present, both the site and mechanism of production are still
      debated. This article describes a production mechanism based on a sequence of
      random binary divisions of the megakaryocyte cytoplasm as it traverses the
      pulmonary microcirculation. Using the measured megakaryocyte cytoplasmic volumes
      circulating in the blood of three different mammals, rat, rabbit, and man, a
      computer simulation of this process is developed. The simulation depends on two
      separate stochastic processes. The first involves the probability that a division
      of a cytoplasmic particle of a specified size will occur. The second relates to
      the relative sizes of the two particles produced by the binary division. These
      two processes are controlled by three parameters only: a lower threshold L on the
      platelet volume, below which the probability of a binary division is zero; a
      parameter lambda which defines the probability of division for volumes larger
      than this lower threshold; and the standard deviation S of the Gaussian
      distribution of possible volumes created by the binary division. A minimization
      scheme is used to establish those values of L, lambda, and S which provide the
      best fit to the experimental data obtained from the different mammals.

PMID- 3392434
TI  - A model of myxomatosis based on hormonal control of rabbit-flea reproduction.
AB  - A two-dimensional first-order nonlinear system of ordinary differential equations
      with constant coefficients is constructed to model the rabbit/flea dynamics of
      the European rabbit viral disease known as myxomatosis. It is proved that
      infected fleas induce stable oscillations of small amplitude for a range of
      coefficient values when the Rothschild coupling coefficient r, which models
      biochemical control of flea reproduction by the rabbit, attains a critical (Hopf)
      value rO. These oscillations may lead to rapid local extinction of rabbits
      depending on the virulence gamma 2 of myxoma. The coefficient gamma 1 = r gamma 2
      measures the effect on the fleas. Since the four determining coefficients may
      change over evolutionary time-scales, the mathematical results together with a
      natural selection argument proves that virulence gamma 2 attenuates. This has
      been observed both in Australia and in Great Britain. However, the rabbit flea
      Spilopsyllus cuniculi is not an effective vector for myxoma in Australia, but is
      the principal vector in Britain, as verified by R. Muirhead-Thomson at the
      suggestion of M. Rothschild. This preliminary model assumes density-independent
      rabbit reproductivity pR, but the qualitative results hold for a wider class of
      density-dependent models. Yet, the former condition is basic for the technique of
      parameter reduction used to simplify statistical estimation of the more general
      density-dependent model.

PMID- 3392435
TI  - [Hemostatic changes during pregnancy in reference to hyperlipidemia].
AB  - Blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in pregnancy with or without hyperlipidemia
      were studied. Blood samples were taken from 36 cases with early pregnancy, 59
      cases with late pregnancy, and the relationship between the hemostatic changes
      and the concentrations of lipids was examined. The following results were
      obtained: 1. In early pregnancy, all cases were non-hyperlipidemic, but in 41% of
      late pregnancy cases, hyperlipidemia was found. 2. In late pregnancy without
      hyperlipidemia, shortening of prothrombin time and activated partial
      thromboplastin time, increases in platelet epinephrine, collagen aggregation,
      fibrinogen, and plasminogen, and a decrease in alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor were
      marked compared with those in early pregnancy without hyperlipidemia. 3. In late
      pregnancy with hyperlipidemia, the platelet count and fibrinogen were increased,
      and prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin time were shortened compared
      with late pregnancy without hyperlipidemia. The platelet epinephrine aggregation
      was slightly decreased. Antithrombin III was increased and alpha 2-plasmin
      inhibitor was slightly decreased. 4. In the same subjects, the relationship
      between changes in blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in early and late
      pregnancies and total cholesterol was studied by the independent matched pair
      test. There were significant correlations (p less than 0.02, p less than 0.05)
      between activated partial thromboplastin time (r = -0.5998) and fibrinogen (r =
      0.6230). From these results the author concluded that late pregnancy was a
      hypercoagulable state and this tendency was more obvious in late pregnancy with
      hyperlipidemia.

PMID- 3392436
TI  - [Continuous fetal biochemical monitoring and cardiotocography].
AB  - Changes in fetal scalp transcutaneous PO2 (tcPO2) were compared with those of the
      fetal heart rate (FHR) in 31 high-risk pregnancies. Fetal tcPO2 at 10 minutes
      prior to the delivery was quite similar to umbilical arterial PO2. The abnormal
      FHR pattern evaluated by the FHR score was well correlated with the fetal tcPO2,
      umbilical arterial PO2, umbilical arterial pH and Apgar score. When there were
      signs of fetal distress in the FHR pattern, such as late deceleration, severe
      variable deceleration, or prolonged fetal bradycardia, the tcPO2 was lower than
      15mmHg, and there occurred a temporary fall in tcPO2 of more than 5mmHg. It was
      concluded that proficiency in evaluating FHR tracings might eliminate the
      necessity of fetal biochemical monitoring, including fetal blood sampling, and
      also decrease the frequency of cesarean sections for fetal distress.

PMID- 3392437
TI  - [Clinical studies on endometrial cancer].
AB  - One hundred and fifty-two cases with endometrial carcinoma were treated in our
      clinic between 1973 and 1985. The average age was 55.89 years, and the age range
      was from 29 to 76 years. Thirty-six cases (23.7%) were nulligravidas and 42 cases
      (27.6%) were nulliparas. One hundred and ten cases (72.4%) were postmenopausal
      and the average age at menopause was 49.1 years. The most frequent chief
      complaint was atypical genital bleeding which was noted in 128 cases (84.2%). The
      result of a cytologic examination of the uterine cervix was positive in 50.7% and
      suspicious in 16.9% but results for the endometrium were positive in 63% and
      suspicious in 21.9%. The cases in this study were classified into 88 cases
      (57.9%) of T1a, 36 cases (23.7%) of T1b, 12 cases (7.9%) of T2, 3 cases (2.0%) of
      T3 and 1 case (0.7%) of T4. As to the postoperative diagnosis, there were
      classified into 86 cases (56.6%) of pT1a, 30 cases (19.7%) of pT1b, 19 cases
      (12.5%) of pT2, 10 cases (6.6%) of pT3 and 5 cases (3.3%) of pT4.
      Histopathologically almost all 140 cases (91.41%) were of adenocarcinoma and
      classified into 88 cases (57.9%) of G1, 39 cases (25.7%) of G2 and 13 cases
      (8.6%) of G3. The cumulative survival rates after Kaplan-Meier were 95% in pT1a
      cases, 75.6% in pT1b cases, 67.3% in pT2 cases, 42.2% in pT3 cases and 0% in pT4
      cases.

PMID- 3392438
TI  - [The surgical treatment for the site of metastases of choriocarcinoma].
AB  - 16 cases with gestational choriocarcinoma treated at our clinic from 1978 to 1987
      were reviewed in connection with the surgical treatment for metastases in the
      brain and lung. 9 patients were classified as high risk, 5 patients as medium
      risk and 2 patients as low risk according to Bagshawe's prognostic score. An
      overall remission rate of 87.5% was achieved. 10 patients underwent surgical
      treatment with chemotherapy in 14 of 16 patients in whom metastases were
      identified, followed by complete remission. Pulmonary metastases were noted in 14
      of 16 patients and lobectomy was performed in 10 of 14 patients, resulting in
      complete remission. Brain metastasis also was noted in 3 of 16 patients and the
      tumorectomy for the site of metastasis with irradiation was performed in 2 of the
      3 patients, resulting in complete remission. One of 3 patients treated with
      chemotherapy alone, died. Our satisfactory results suggest the aggressive
      surgical therapy for the site of metastases in selected patients as indicated is
      apparently effective with vigorous systemic chemotherapy and radiotherapy.

PMID- 3392439
TI  - [Clinical significance of sGOT elevation and thrombocytopenia in preeclampsia
      patients].
AB  - To assess the clinical significance of an elevated liver enzyme (sGOT) on the
      outcome of preeclamptic pregnancy, the charts of 145 preeclamptic/eclamptic
      patients who had sGOT determination during 7 days before and 2 days after
      delivery were reviewed. Of these, 60 patients exhibited a sGOT value above 30U/L
      (elevated sGOT group). This group was compared with the remaining 85 patients who
      showed a normal sGOT value related to clinical backgrounds and clinical outcome.
      The elevated sGOT group had a significantly low platelet count (16.4 +/- 8.4 vs.
      21.4 +/- 6.7 X 10(4)/cumm, p less than 0.001) as well as a significantly high
      perinatal mortality rate (23.8 vs. 6.3%, p less than 0.01). There was a trend to
      a higher boy-to-girl ratio in the elevated sGOT group than in the normal sGOT
      group (1.10 vs. 0.83). In a group of 31 patients who were complicated with both
      elevated sGOT and thrombocytopenia, the perinatal mortality rate increased
      further to 42.4% and the boy-to-girl ratio was significantly higher than in the
      group of 66 patients who showed both a normal sGOt and normal platelet count
      (2.00 vs. 0.85, p less than 0.05). These results may indicate that 1)
      preeclamptic pregnancies complicated with liver dysfunction may tend to have a
      low platelet count; 2) liver dysfunction and thrombocytopenia are more likely to
      become complicated in preeclamptic pregnancies with a male fetus; 3) closer
      observations would be needed for preeclamptic pregnancy with liver dysfunction
      and thrombocytopenia.

PMID- 3392440
TI  - Dissociation of hCG-receptor complex and detection of hCG receptors in human
      chorionic tissues.
AB  - We developed a radioreceptor assay (RRA) system for investigating occupied hCG
      receptors by using a rat testis membrane fraction. Treatment with dithiothreitol,
      neuraminidase, and low pH (3.3) buffer partially dissociated hCG from its
      receptor with dissociation rates of 42.8%, 35.2%, and 68.7%, respectively.
      Specific receptor rebinding was unaffected and showed competitive inhibition of
      [125I]hCG rebinding by unlabeled hCG. Scatchard plot analysis yielded a rebinding
      Km of 1.798-3.496/pM. High concentrations of NaCl and MgCl2 had no obvious effect
      on the [125I]hCG-receptor complex. Triton X-100 and high concentration MnCl2
      treatments resulted in the loss of the receptor rebinding activity. We also
      investigated human chorionic tissue (at 8 weeks, 11 weeks, 16 weeks, 24 weeks,
      and term) for hCG receptors using the above method. Treatments with different
      agents increased [125I]hCG binding in this tissue preparation 139-226%, but
      Scatchard analysis failed to demonstrate any specificity. [125I]hCG uptake by the
      choriocarcinoma BeWo cell-line increased 151-193% after similar treatments, but
      this increase could not be competitively inhibited by unlabeled hCG. Treatment
      with dithiothreitol, neuraminidase, and low pH (3.3) buffer seems feasible for
      detecting hCG-occupied receptors. Our results suggest that there are no hCG
      receptors distributed on the surface of the syncytiotrophoblast of human
      placenta.

PMID- 3392441
TI  - Alteration of FHR pattern associated with progressively advanced fetal acidemia
      caused by cord compression.
AB  - In order to investigate changes in FHR when a fetus suffers acidemia, we produced
      progressively advanced acidemia in lamb fetus by intermittently repeated cord
      compression. FHR was monitored throughout the study. FHR patterns were classified
      into five characteristic types as fetal arterial pH fell from around 7.35 to
      below 6.90. It was confirmed by studies involving catecholamine release and the
      administration of drugs such as atropine sulfate, alpha or beta adrenergic
      antagonists that sympathetic and parasympathetic regulation was deeply involved
      in the changes. Among the patterns, type 4, in which decreased amplitude of the
      initial drop and hypoxia-induced deceleration was followed by overshoot
      acceleration, took place during acidemia at arterial pH below 7.15. In
      conclusion, the appearance of type 4 FHR indicates a deteriorating state in human
      fetus as well, induced by repeated cord compression, and obliges us to deliver
      the fetus as soon as possible.

PMID- 3392443
TI  - [Genital herpes].

PMID- 3392442
TI  - Trophoblastic embolism in sudden maternal death.
AB  - Trophoblastic embolism (TE) was shown in three out of eight maternal autopsy
      cases. The trophoblasts of TE were easily identified by the immunocytochemical
      method with antisera to placental antigen (PA) and human placental lactogen
      (HPL). Two types of TE were differentiated in the morphology of trophoblasts: One
      was formed of whole trophoblastic cells (TE-Type I) and the other was composed of
      amorphous trophoblastic fragments (TE-Type II). The TE-Type II was confirmed in
      the central nervous system (trophoblastic emboli in brain) and appeared to be the
      sudden maternal death cause.

PMID- 3392444
TI  - [A clinical study on lateral deviation of the line of gravity in idiopathic
      scoliosis].
AB  - The static deviation of the line of gravity in normal adolescent children and
      idiopathic scoliosis patients was analyzed. The following results were obtained:
      1) The line of gravity deviated 1.3 cm to the left in the control. 2) The line of
      gravity in the right-convex single curve group was characterized as follows: It
      deviated to the right compared to the control, and it deviated further in severe
      cases. Brace treatment had no effect on the correction of the deviation. No
      difference was noted in the deviation between the thoracic and the lumbar curve
      group. 3) The line of gravity in the double curve group deviated slightly to the
      right, but that in the left convex single curve group was similar to the control.
      4) The of gravity in the right-convex single curve group who underwent surgical
      treatment was corrected to the left.

PMID- 3392445
TI  - Idiopathic scoliosis and growth--a biomechanical consideration.
AB  - Growth force proposed as an etiological factor in idiopathic scoliosis was
      analysed by a mathematical simulation; the results were compared with clinical
      roentgenograms of patients with idiopathic scoliosis. Growth force is a self
      equilibrating internal stress derived from unbalanced growth between two adjacent
      structures with different growth rates. In the simulation, the localized growth
      force made the whole spinal column buckle. Two hundred anteroposterior
      roentgenograms were then compared with the buckling curves. The three most
      similar buckling curves for each roentgenogram were selected. Of the 600 selected
      curves, 406 were considered to have produced a high similarity. The curves
      produced by a growth force extending over a small area, especially at the mid
      lower thoracic and lumbar regions, were qualified as curves with a high
      similarity. The growth force thus does not appear uniformly all over the spinal
      column but locally and at the mid-lower thoracic or lumbar region. This growth
      force may represent a factor in the etiology of idiopathic scoliosis.

PMID- 3392446
TI  - [Osteoporotic changes in rheumatoid arthritis--longitudinal bone mass study and
      effect of 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3].
AB  - Serial measurements of bone mass were carried out by single photon absorptiometry
      and/or X-ray microdensitometry of the second metacarpus in 29 rheumatoid
      arthritis patients not treated by corticosteroids. The effect of 1 alpha
      hydroxyvitamin D3 on rheumatoid arthritis was also investigated by longitudinal
      bone mass study. In premenopausal females and also males, the rate of radial
      diaphyseal bone loss was less than 1%/year and bone loss was seen only in the
      periarticular region of affected joints. On the other hand, bone loss was much
      more rapid in both the periarticular and diaphyseal regions in postmenopausal
      patients. 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 administration for more than 1 year produced
      no significant change of blood biochemical examination and Lansbury's index, but
      resulted in a significant attenuation of bone loss rate.

PMID- 3392447
TI  - [The load bearing function of patellar tendon bearing brace--on the relation
      between shaft length and rate of load bearing].
AB  - The load bearing function of the PTB brace was studied with emphasis on the
      relationship between shaft length and rate of load bearing. A PTB brace with a
      heel was used in this experiment, and a sliding device was attached to the shaft
      of the brace. Load cells were placed in the brace in the patellar tendon,
      anterior and posterior of the lower leg and the anterior and posterior sole. To
      each group of data on pressure on the load cells and vertical component of the
      ground reaction force, multiple regression analysis was applied to evaluate the
      load bearing function of the PTB brace. Results showed that 80% of non-loading
      was obtained at the start point of the shaft in which the load cell on the
      posterior sole of the brace indicated no-loading, 60% was obtained at a point 4.8
      mm below the start point, 40% at 8.6 mm, and 20% at 12.3 mm.

PMID- 3392448
TI  - [Study on prognostic factors in bone metastases of breast cancer].
AB  - In order to assess the prognosis of breast cancer patients with bone metastases,
      a comprehensive imaging of the skeleton was studied. A total of 256 positive bone
      scans from 94 patients was analyzed to institute a new staging system of bone
      metastases and to identify characteristic presentations of their prognosis. The
      correlation between the image characteristics and the survival was examined.
      RESULTS: 1) The extent of tumor spread on the bone scan was classified into the
      following three stages: stage 1 (confined to lumbar spine, thoracic spine or
      ribs), stage 2 (expanded into pelvis, skull, cervical spine or sternum) and stage
      3 (expanded further into other areas). 2) Presence of vital system metastases,
      extent of tumor spread as reflected in the stage, progression of tumor spread on
      the serial bone scans and radiographic evidence of osteosclerosis were proved to
      determine prognosis. An appropriate management of orthopedic complications taking
      these factors into consideration is required.

PMID- 3392449
TI  - [A biomechanical study on the stability of the injured thoraco-lumbar spine fixed
      with spinal instrumentation].
AB  - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the stabilizing effect of various types
      of spinal instrumentation now used for reconstruction of injured spine. Six types
      of moments were applied on fixed human thoracolumbar cadaveric spines with
      posterior and middle column injury. Stereophotogrammetry was used to evaluate the
      spinal movements three-dimensionally. Achievement of stabilization against axial
      rotation was most difficult in all kinds of instrumentations, though
      transpedicular external fixator and the Kaneda device with transverse fixators
      provided relatively good stability for this load mode. These two devices were
      also stable enough for other load modes. From the view point that sufficient
      stability should be obtained by short instrumentation area, these two forms of
      spinal instrumentation are optimal among those tested in this study. Regarding
      transpedicular external fixator and the Kaneda device with transverse fixators,
      the stability was reinforced with interbody bone grafting and application of
      compressive force on it.

PMID- 3392450
TI  - [Experimental studies on a compartment syndrome caused by a tourniquet].
AB  - The muscle proteins of rabbits with the compartment syndrome caused by tourniquet
      were studied by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and the compartment
      pressure post-ischemia was measured. The post-ischemic pressure in the anterior
      compartment increased more than that in the deep-posterior compartment. The
      phoretic patterns of structural and soluble proteins changed after ischemia, and
      their degeneration appeared to depend on the degree of pressure increase. In
      ischemic contracture, the patterns of myosin light chains of type 1 fibers
      changed to those of type 2 fibers. This indicated the possibility of fiber type
      transformation from type 1 to type 2 in ischemic contracture.

PMID- 3392451
TI  - [Histochemical studies of muscle fibers of the triceps surae in the rat under
      different types of tonus].
AB  - To investigate the relationship between muscle atrophy and its tonus, triceps
      surae in four groups of rats were studied changing the muscle tonus by cutting of
      Achilles tendon, by shortening or lengthening of the tibia and compared with
      those of control groups. During the eight weeks after the operation, rats were
      sacrificed every week except for the seventh. The muscles were evaluated by
      histochemical methods (NADH-TR and myosin ATPase reaction), in which the diameter
      of the muscle fiber was measured according to the Brooke method. The following
      results were obtained; (1) Targetoid fibers were observed more frequently among
      type 1 fibers as the muscle tonus was decreased. (2) Diameter of both fiber types
      was reduced as the muscle tonus changed. (3) These changes were reversible as the
      muscle tonus was restored to normal.

PMID- 3392452
TI  - [Calcium-regulating hormones].

PMID- 3392453
TI  - Probing the pathogenesis of infective endocarditis.

PMID- 3392454
TI  - Endotoxin shock in newborn dogs: serial hemodynamic studies.
AB  - Using a newly modified dye dilution method for cardiac output determination, we
      successfully performed frequent serial hemodynamic measurements in newborn dogs
      to characterize hemodynamic changes in endotoxin shock in neonates. Sixty-seven
      mongrel newborn dogs (2 to 20 days old, 300 to 1500 gm) were divided into four
      groups: group 1 (2 to 20 days old, 300 to 1500 gm) received normal saline
      solution, group 2 (2 to 10 days old, 300 to 800 gm) received 1.5 mg/kg of
      Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS), group 3 (2 to 10 days old, 300 to 800
      gm) received 10 mg/kg of LPS, and group 4 (11 to 20 days old, 801 to 1500 gm)
      received 10 mg/kg of LPS. Cardiac output, heart rate, mean arterial pressure,
      systemic vascular resistance, and minute work were measured serially after
      endotoxin administration for 4 hours. Despite extensive manipulation, these
      measurements were stable in controls throughout the length of the study.
      Endotoxin, administered at two different doses of 1.5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg, had
      profound effects on hemodynamic responses. These effects included a significant
      dose-related fall in cardiac output, minimal changes in heart rate, and a marked
      rise in systemic vascular resistance. The hemodynamic changes reported in this
      study lend additional support to the hypothesis that maturational factors are
      involved in the hemodynamic response to LPS.

PMID- 3392455
TI  - Changes in intracellular calcium in response to humoral agents.

PMID- 3392456
TI  - Genetically determined susceptibility and resistance to diet-induced
      atherosclerosis in inbred strains of mice.
AB  - To determine whether recombinant inbred strains derived from C57BL/6J and A/J
      mice would provide a good model in which to study the genetics of diet-induced
      atherosclerosis, male mice of the parent strains were compared in a number of
      experiments designed to correlate various biochemical changes with susceptibility
      or resistance to the disease. In both strains fed an atherogenic diet containing
      27% coconut oil and 4.5% cholesterol, there was a significant rise in serum very
      low-density plus low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, but only C57BL/6J
      mice developed discernible fatty lesions in the aortic wall. In A/J mice a
      significant rise in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was also observed, which
      corresponded to the appearance of a second species of high-density lipoprotein in
      the serum, but in C57BL/6J mice there was a fall. In susceptible C57BL/6J mice,
      free cholesterol is secreted into bile, which becomes supersaturated, leading to
      the formation of gallstones. In the resistant strain, however, dietary
      cholesterol accumulates in the liver. A difference in hepatic cholesterol
      metabolism between the two strains may thus be a factor in determining their
      different susceptibilities to diet-induced atherosclerosis.

PMID- 3392457
TI  - Peripheral blood leukocyte count as an index of defense status in the leukopenic
      host.
AB  - These experimental studies have investigated the reliability of the peripheral
      blood leukocyte count to predict whether the leukopenic host can contain or
      eliminate infection. Additionally, we have investigated the possibility that
      determination of leukocyte recruitment, supplementary to peripheral blood
      leukocyte counts, might allow individuals with neutropenia at risk from serious
      infection to be distinguished with greater certainty. Varying doses of radiation,
      cyclophosphamide, and methylprednisolone were used to induce distinct levels of
      leukopenia in rats. Leukocyte recruitment was measured by quantifying the
      response of neutropenic animals to evocative, subcutaneous stimuli, and the
      results of this assay were then compared with circulating leukocyte counts in the
      same individuals. Six models of experimentally induced infection were used to
      compare circulating and recruitable leukocytes as indicators of the
      susceptibility of the leukopenic host to infection. Response curves relating
      leukocyte numbers to host resistance were similar when circulating or recruitable
      leukocytes were used as an index of defense capability. These findings support
      the use of peripheral blood leukocyte numbers as an index of resistance to
      infection in individuals with leukopenia and suggest that functional analyses
      such as leukocyte recruitment are unlikely to provide additional information.

PMID- 3392458
TI  - Visceral surface oxygen tension in experimental colitis in the rabbit.
AB  - The impairment of bowel healing that is characteristic of inflammatory bowel
      disease (IBD) is poorly understood. Because bowel healing is related to the
      adequacy of perfusion in other circumstances, we studied bowel surface oxygen
      tension (PSO2), which is related to bowel perfusion, in rabbits with IBD. Both
      cell-mediated (n = 17) and immune complex-mediated (n = 10) colitis caused marked
      attenuation of colon PSO2. Control (n = 13) left colon PSO2 was 36 +/- 5 (SEM)
      torr. In mild colitis, left colon PSO2 fell to 11 +/- 5 torr, and in severe
      colitis it fell to 4 +/- 1 torr (p less than 0.01 for each compared with
      control). These changes occurred irrespective of the mechanism of induction of
      colitis. Gastric and small intestinal PSO2 were unaffected. Hepatic and renal
      PSO2 were decreased in severe colitis only. The presence of decreased PSO2 was a
      better marker for the presence of IBD than was histologic evaluation. It is
      suggested that attenuation of PSO2 may be a marker for the physiologic activity
      of IBD. If this is so, PSO2 may prove a useful adjunct in the operative
      management of IBD.

PMID- 3392459
TI  - Relative susceptibility of lipids to peroxidation in intact erythrocytes.
AB  - Factors relating the site and metabolic state of erythrocyte lipids to their
      susceptibility to oxidative stress are poorly understood. Therefore red cell
      lipids were labeled with serum albumin-bound (carbon 14 [ul]) fatty acids in
      timed experiments. Susceptibility of sequentially labeled lipids to peroxidation
      in intact cells was determined by the percent conversion of the [14C]lipid to
      [14C]malondialdehyde (MDA). Other effects of alteration of incubation times could
      be ruled out by the equality of the conversion of total cell lipid to MDA.
      Polyunsaturated fatty acids but not other fatty acids served as MDA precursors.
      In 12 normal subjects the percentage of [14C]arachidonate converted to MDA after
      15 minutes of labeling (3.08% +/- 0.69%) exceeded the percentage after 3 hours of
      labeling (2.01% +/- 0.83%) (paired, two-sided t test, p less than 0.0001). This
      susceptibility was caused by presence of rapidly labeled polyunsaturated fatty
      acids not extractable with defatted albumin (F2). Depletion of erythrocyte
      adenosine triphosphate before incubation favored accumulation of F2 and increased
      percentage conversion to MDA. Peroxidative susceptibility is determined by the
      metabolic state of the cell and the site of the peroxidized lipid within the
      intracellular pools.

PMID- 3392460
TI  - Antibody-mediated platelet destruction by quinine, quinidine, and their
      metabolites.
AB  - Metabolites of quinine and quinidine, along with the parent compounds, were
      investigated for their ability to promote complement-mediated platelet
      destruction when combined with drug-dependent platelet antibodies from five
      patients with quinine- and quinidine-induced thrombocytopenia. In all, eight
      metabolites and four closely related structural analogues were studied. These
      included the desmethyl, 2'-oxo, 10,11-dihydroxy, N-oxide, N'-oxide, and diN,N'
      oxide derivatives. When we used the cytotoxic chromium 51 release assay, the
      parent compounds were typically from 10 to greater than 300 times more effective
      than the corresponding metabolites and structural analogues in promoting antibody
      mediated platelet lysis. Reaction patterns varied significantly among all
      antibodies and compounds studied, strengthening previous evidence that drug
      dependent platelet antibodies are extremely heterogeneous in their reactions with
      platelets. Although most of the metabolites were much less potent than the parent
      compounds in promoting antibody-mediated platelet lysis, one quinidine-induced
      antibody was significantly inhibited in its quinidine-mediated lytic activity by
      the addition of desmethylquinidine, an essentially nonreactive metabolite with
      this particular antibody. These findings support the hypothesis that the native
      structures of quinine and quinidine are sufficient to provoke drug-dependent
      antibody formation and subsequent platelet destruction independently of their
      metabolites. They also suggest a possible protective role for some of these
      metabolites in certain individuals who are susceptible to this allergic drug
      reaction.

PMID- 3392461
TI  - Hypolipidemic effect of beta, beta'-methyl-substituted hexadecanedioic acid
      (MEDICA 16) in normal and nephrotic rats.
AB  - Treatment of normal or puromycin aminonucleoside-nephrotic rats, kept on a
      balanced Purina chow diet, with beta, beta'-tetramethyl-substituted
      hexadecanedioic acid (MEDICA 16) (Bar-Tana, J., G. Rose-Kahn, and M. Srebnik.
      1985. J. Biol. Chem. 260: 8404-8410) resulted in an acute reversible inhibition
      of liver lipogenesis and cholesterogenesis with a concomitant hypolipidemic
      effect which was sustained as long as the drug was administered. The
      hypolipidemic effect in normal and nephrotic rats consisted of 70-80% and 40-60%
      reduction in plasma VLDL-triacylglycerols and cholesterol, respectively, with a
      respective increase in the HDL-cholesterol/(VLDL + LDL)-cholesterol ratio. The
      observed hypolipidemic effect was accompanied by a 10-fold decrease in VLDL-apoC
      III content with a concomitant enrichment of the VLDL fraction by VLDL remnants
      having an increased apoB-100/apoB-48 ratio. The pharmacological reduction of VLDL
      by MEDICA 16 may offer a treatment mode of choice for selected hyperlipidemic
      states.

PMID- 3392462
TI  - Further resolution of the low density lipoprotein spectrum in normal human
      plasma: physicochemical characteristics of discrete subspecies separated by
      density gradient ultracentrifugation.
AB  - The molecular basis of the heterogeneity of plasma low density lipoproteins (LDL,
      d 1.024-1.050 g/ml) was evaluated in 40 normolipidemic male subjects following
      fractionation by isopycnic density gradient ultracentrifugation into eight major
      subspecies. The mass profile of our subjects' LDL uniformly displayed single
      symmetric or asymmetric peaks as a function of density; the peak occurred most
      frequently (20 subjects) in subfraction 7 (d 1.0297-1.0327 g/ml). Several
      physicochemical properties (hydrodynamic behavior, electrophoretic mobility,
      chemical composition, size and particle heterogeneity, and apolipoprotein
      heterogeneity) of the LDL subfractions were examined. Hydrodynamic analyses
      revealed unimodal distributions and distinct peak Sf degree rates in individual
      subfractions. Such behavior correlated well with particle size and heterogeneity
      data, in which LDL subspecies were typically resolved as unique narrow bands by
      gradient gel electrophoresis. Subspecies with average densities of 1.024 to
      1.0409 g/ml ranged from 229 to 214 A in particle diameter. LDL protein content
      increased in parallel with density while the proportion of triglyceride
      diminished; cholesteryl esters predominated, accounting for approximately 40% or
      more by weight. Distinct differences in net electric charge were demonstrated by
      electrophoresis in agarose gel, the subspecies with average density of 1.0314
      g/ml displaying the lowest net negative charge. ApoB-100 was the major apoprotein
      in all subspecies, and constituted the unique protein component over the density
      interval 1.0271-1.0393 g/ml. ApoE and apo[a] were detected at densities less than
      1.0271 and greater than 1.0393 g/ml. While apoE was evenly distributed within
      these two regions, representing up to 2% of apoLDL, the distribution of apo[a]
      was skewed towards the denser region, in which it amounted to 3-7% of apoLDL.
      ApoC-III was detectable as a trace component at densities greater than 1.0358
      g/ml. Calculation of the number of molecules of each chemical component per LDL
      subspecies showed the presence of one copy of apoB-100 per particle, in
      association with decreasing amounts of cholesteryl ester, free cholesterol, and
      phospholipid. These data indicate that a similar overall molecular organization
      and structure is maintained in a unimodal distribution of LDL particle subspecies
      over the density range approximately 1.02 to 1.05 g/ml. In sum, our data may be
      interpreted to suggest that microheterogeneity in the physicochemical properties
      of human LDL subspecies reflects dissimilarities in their origins, intravascular
      metabolism, tissular fate, and possibly in their atherogenicity.

PMID- 3392463
TI  - Biotransformation of ursodeoxycholic acid by Pseudomonas sp NCIB 10590.
AB  - The metabolism of ursodeoxycholic acid by Pseudomonas sp NCIB 10590 has been
      studied in phosphate-buffered mineral salts. The organism completely metabolized
      ursodeoxycholic acid in 24 hr, and time-course experiments revealed that maximum
      product formation occurred at 14 hr. The major products detected and identified
      at 14 hr were 7 beta-hydroxychol-4-en-3-one-24-oic acid, 7 beta-hydroxy-3-oxo
      pregna-1,4-diene-20-carboxylic acid, and 7 beta-hydroxyandrosta-1,4-diene-3,17
      dione. Several minor intermediates were isolated and evidence is given for the
      following structures: 7 beta-hydroxy-5 beta-cholan-3-oxo-24-oic acid, 7 beta
      hydroxyandrost-4-en-3,17-dione, 7 beta,17 beta-dihydroxyandrosta-1,4-diene-3-one,
      3-hydroxy-1,3,5(10)-9,10-seco-androstatriene-3,17-dione-7 beta-ol, and 22 alpha
      hydroxymethylpregna-1,4-diene-3-one-7 beta-ol.

PMID- 3392464
TI  - Postprandial plasma lipoprotein changes in human subjects of different ages.
AB  - Plasma lipoprotein changes were monitored for 12 hr after a fat-rich meal (1 g of
      fat/kg body weight) in 22 subjects (9 males, 13 females, 22-79 yr old). Plasma
      triglyceride, measured hourly, peaked once in some subjects, but twice or three
      times in others. The magnitude of postprandial triglyceridemia varied
      considerably between subjects (range: 650-4082 mg.hr/dl). Males tended to have
      greater postprandial triglyceridemia than females, and elderly subjects had
      significantly (P less than 0.05) greater postprandial triglyceridemia than
      younger subjects. Total plasma cholesterol, measured every three hr, increased
      significantly (6.0 +/- 2.1%) in 7 subjects, decreased significantly (7.1 +/-
      1.2%) in 10 subjects, and remained unchanged in the remainder. Single spin
      ultracentrifugation and dextran sulfate precipitation procedures were used to
      quantitate triglyceride and cholesterol in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL, d
      less than 1.006 g/ml), low density lipoproteins (LDL), and high density
      lipoproteins (HDL). Plasma TRL and HDL triglyceride increased after the fat meal,
      while LDL triglyceride decreased at 3 hr but increased at 9 and 12 hr. TRL
      cholesterol increased postprandially, while LDL and HDL cholesterol decreased.
      Phospholipid (PL), free (FC) and esterified (EC) cholesterol measurements were
      carried out on the plasma and lipoprotein fractions of 8 subjects. Plasma PL
      increased significantly at 3, 6, and 9 hr after the fat-rich meal, due to
      increases in TRL and HDL PL. TRL CE increased postprandially, but a greater
      decrease in LDL and HDL CE caused plasma CE to be decreased. Plasma FC increased,
      predominantly due to an increase in TRL FC. Plasma concentrations of
      apolipoprotein A-I and apolipoprotein B both decreased after the fat-rich meal.
      The magnitude of postprandial triglyceridemia was inversely correlated with HDL
      cholesterol levels (r = -0.502, P less than 0.05) and positively correlated with
      age (r = -0.449, P less than 0.05), fasting levels of plasma triglyceride (r =
      0.636, P less than 0.01), plasma apoB (r = 0.510, P less than 0.05), TRL
      triglyceride (r = 0.564, P less than 0.01), TRL cholesterol (r = 0.480, P less
      than 0.05) and LDL triglyceride (r = 0.566, P less than 0.01). Change in
      postprandial cholesterolemia was inversely correlated with fasting levels of HDL
      cholesterol (r = -0.451, P less than 0.05) and plasma apoA-I (r = -0.436, P less
      than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3392465
TI  - Transbilayer movement of cholesterol in the human erythrocyte membrane.
AB  - The rate of transbilayer movement of cholesterol was measured in intact human
      erythrocytes. Suspended erythrocytes were incubated briefly with [3H]cholesterol
      in ethanol at 4 degrees C, or with liposomes containing [3H]cholesterol over 6 hr
      at 4 degrees C to incorporate the tracer into the outer leaflet of erythrocyte
      plasma membranes. The erythrocytes were then incubated at 37 degrees C to allow
      diffusion of cholesterol across the membrane bilayer. Cells were treated briefly
      with cholesterol oxidase to convert a portion of the outer leaflet cholesterol to
      cholestenone, and the specific radioactivity of cholestenone was determined over
      the time of tracer equilibration. The decrease in specific radioactivity of
      cholestenone reflected transbilayer movement of [3H]cholesterol. The transbilayer
      movement of cholesterol had a mean half-time of 50 min at 37 degrees C in cells
      labeled with [3H]cholesterol in ethanol, and 130 min at 37 degrees C in cells
      labeled with [3H]cholesterol exchanged from liposomes. The cells were shown, by
      the absence of hemolysis, to remain intact throughout the assay. The presence of
      1 mM Mg2+ in the assay buffer was essential to prevent hemolysis of cells treated
      with cholesterol oxidase perturbed the cells, resulting in an accelerated rate of
      apparent transbilayer movement. Our data are also consistent with an asymmetric
      distribution of cholesterol in erythrocyte membranes, with the majority of
      cholesterol in the inner leaflet.

PMID- 3392466
TI  - Qualitative and quantitative changes in the carotenoids during development of the
      brine shrimp Artemia.
AB  - In order to study the biological fate of all-trans- and cis-canthaxanthin in the
      brine shrimp Artemia, a quantitative method was developed for the determination
      of both carotenoids and their metabolic precursors in encysted embryos (cysts),
      nauplii, whole animals, organs, and subcellular fractions. This method is based
      on nonaqueous reversed-phase chromatography, two new exhaustive extraction
      procedures, and the determination of proteins in the extracted residue. Hydration
      of Artemia cysts caused a reversible conversion of part of the all-trans- to cis
      canthaxanthin. During further pre-emergence embryonic development, there was
      little change in the levels of both isomers. After hatching of cysts, cis
      canthaxanthin was progressively isomerized to the all-trans form, while the total
      (all-trans + cis) canthaxanthin to protein ratio tended to remain constant. Cis
      canthaxanthin rapidly became undetectable in animals fed on algae and reappeared
      in females at an advanced stage of the reproductive cycle. All-trans
      canthaxanthin remained present during the whole Artemia life cycle in addition to
      its metabolic precursors echinenone and beta-carotene. The carotenoid
      distribution in organs and subcellular fractions indicated high affinity of cis
      canthaxanthin for the female reproductive system, oocytes in general, and yolk in
      particular. A role for cis-canthaxanthin is suggested at an early developmental
      stage, i.e., in cysts, before hatching.

PMID- 3392468
TI  - Radioimmunoassay of chenodeoxycholic acid-3-sulfate in urine.
AB  - A sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay (RIA) for the measurement of urinary
      total chenodeoxycholic acid-3-sulfate (SCDCA) was developed and the accuracy was
      confirmed. SCDCA bound to bovine serum albumin as the antigen and emulsified with
      Freund's complete adjuvant was injected into rabbits. The antiserum obtained was
      capable of binding 75% of [11,12-3H]SCDCA at 1:1000 dilution. The percentage of
      bound radioactivity decreased linearly with logarithmic increases in unlabeled
      SCDCA, from 8 to 200 pmol/ml. The antiserum showed an extremely high specificity
      for SCDCA (free and conjugated), and the values determined by RIA indicated a
      close correlation with those found by gas-liquid chromatography. The daily
      urinary SCDCA level was determined using SCDCA-RIA in 12 disease-free humans and
      74 patients with chronic liver diseases. In the normal subjects the daily urinary
      SCDCA level was 0.74 +/- 0.83 mg/day and increased levels were evident in all
      groups with chronic liver diseases. The daily urinary SCDCA level corresponds
      closely with the extent of hepatic dysfunction.

PMID- 3392467
TI  - Bile salts of the West Indian manatee, Trichechus manatus latirostris: novel bile
      alcohol sulfates and absence of bile acids.
AB  - The bile salts present in gallbladder bile of the West Indian manatee, Trichechus
      manatus latirostris, an herbivorous marine mammal of the tropical and subtropical
      margins of the Atlantic Ocean, were found to consist of a mixture of bile alcohol
      sulfates. Bile acids, previously believed to be present in all mammals, were not
      detected. Using chromatography, mass spectrometry, and 1H- and 13C-nuclear
      magnetic resonance spectroscopy, the major bile alcohol was identified as 5 beta
      cholestane-3 alpha,6 beta,7 alpha-25,26-pentol; that is, it had the nuclear
      structure of alpha-muricholic acid and the side chain structure of bufol. This
      compound has not been described previously and the trivial name "alpha
      trichechol" is proposed. The second most abundant compound was 5 beta-cholestane
      3 alpha,7 alpha,25,26-tetrol. Other bile alcohols were tentatively identified as
      5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha,6 beta,7 beta,25,26-pentol (named beta-trichechol), 3
      alpha,6 alpha,7 beta, 25-26-pentol (named omega-trichechol) and 5 beta-cholestane
      3 alpha,6 beta,7 alpha,26-tetrol. The 1H and 13C NMR spectra of the four 6,7
      epimers of 3,6,7 trihydroxy bile acids are described and discussed. All bile
      alcohols were present as ester sulfates, the sulfate group being tentatively
      assigned to the 26-hydroxy group. 12-Hydroxy compounds were not detected. The
      manatee is the first mammal found to lack bile acids, presumably because it lacks
      the enzymes required for oxidation of the 26-hydroxy group to a carboxylic acid.
      Trichechols, like other bile salts, are water-soluble end products of cholesterol
      metabolism; whether they also function as biological surfactants in promoting
      biliary cholesterol secretion or lipid digestion is unknown.

PMID- 3392470
TI  - High pressure liquid chromatography solvent systems for studies of bile acid
      biosynthesis.
AB  - Reversed phase high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) solvent systems have
      been developed for the separation of intermediates in the formation of bile acids
      and bile acid conjugates from cholesterol. Four different mobile phases (water
      methanol, 10 mM acetate buffer (pH 4.37)-methanol, 30 mM trifluoroacetic acid (pH
      2.9 with triethylamine)-methanol, and 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0)-2
      propanol) have been applied to obtain separation of all the main intermediates
      with use of the same reversed phase column (Zorbax ODS).

PMID- 3392469
TI  - A novel method for measurement of triglyceride lipase activity: suitable for
      microgram and nanogram quantities of tissue.
AB  - The measurement of triglyceride lipase activity in microgram and nanogram
      quantities of tissue is reported. The method involves quantitation of glycerol
      released from a triglyceride substrate, which is shown to provide a value of
      approximately one-third of that obtained by quantitation of free fatty acid
      release. Influences on glycerol release, including pH optimum, NaCl inhibition,
      and activation by serum and heparin are characterized. Two separate assays are
      described for the measurement of glycerol that yield identical results with
      nanogram quantities of tissue. The advantage of one assay is its simplicity,
      while the advantage of the other is that it can be adjusted to measure very small
      tissue samples (nanogram) with the use of microanalytical procedures (i.e.,
      enzymatic amplification of the NAD+ product of glycerol analysis). Sensitivity of
      the method is demonstrated by the analysis of triglyceride lipase activity in
      nanogram samples of single soleus muscle fibers. Measurement of picomole
      quantities of glycerol produced by lipase activity in single muscle fibers
      represents at least a 1,000-fold increase in sensitivity compared to currently
      available methods.

PMID- 3392471
TI  - Indexing the chiropractic profession.

PMID- 3392472
TI  - Self-care: chiropractic student's perspective.
AB  - Chiropractors, like other primary contact practitioners, function at the consumer
      health care system interface. It is at this level of health care that consumer
      trends are manifest. Consumers are currently expressing increased interest in
      self-care. This paper assesses the attitudes and beliefs of senior chiropractic
      students to self-care; particularly insofar as these are perceived to impact on
      chiropractic clinical care.

PMID- 3392473
TI  - Chiropractic residency at Lindell Hospital: a program description.
AB  - Chiropractors have been excluded from postgraduate training in medical hospitals
      since the time such programs were mandated following World War II. Recently, a
      chiropractic residency program has been established at Lindell Hospital in St.
      Louis, Missouri. This paper briefly describes the development of this program and
      the functions carried out by the chiropractic resident in the hospital
      environment. It then attempts to define a future direction for such residency
      programs.

PMID- 3392474
TI  - Effects of a chiropractic adjustment on changes in pupillary diameter: a model
      for evaluating somatovisceral response.
AB  - The relationship between a cervical chiropractic adjustment, in subluxated vs.
      unsubluxated subjects, and autonomic response monitored as change in pupillary
      diameter was evaluated in 15 subjects. The results indicate that: a) a successful
      adjustment elicits either a parasympathetic or sympathetic response; b) the
      vertebral level at which the adjustment is administered has undetectable
      specificity for the parasympathetic or sympathetic input to the pupil; c)
      unsubluxated subjects generally exhibit no change in pupillary diameter following
      a sham adjustment and d) subluxated subjects exhibit variable preadjustment
      pupillary diameters, with significant pupillary diameter changes in response to
      an adjustment. These data suggest that autonomic input to the pupil may be
      influenced by subluxation, as well as the magnitude and direction of force
      exerted during the chiropractic adjustment. An anatomical pathway through which
      the observed responses may occur is proposed.

PMID- 3392475
TI  - Radiological features and diagnosis of acromegaly.
AB  - The most constant radiological features of acromegaly include soft tissue
      hyperplasia, and increased joint spacing, especially in the limbs by articular
      cartilage overgrowth. Overgrowth is variable in bone. Despite the closure of the
      epiphysis, articular endochondral overgrowth and subsequent ossification does
      occur at specific sites as pseudoepiphyseal linear growth. The combined bony
      apposition-remodeling resorption mechanism, rather than a true osteoporosis, may
      involve the skull, extremities and spine. Radiological features of the spine have
      scarcely been reported. The clinical significance of hyperostosis of the spinous
      process for chronic backache, and vertebral scalloping to compensate for
      entrapment myelopathy and/or cauda equina syndrome or radiculopathy are
      overlooked. Further series of radiological assessment of the spine by noninvasive
      CT scans and plain radiography are recommended. The diagnosis of acromegaly is
      discussed from a literature review. Deep facial skin-crease testing and dorsal
      skin-fold assessment of the extremities are recommended as initial screens for
      evidence of soft tissue hyperplasia.

PMID- 3392476
TI  - Chondromalacia patellae.
AB  - Chondromalacia patellae is a relatively common condition affecting adolescents or
      young adults, involving the articular cartilage of the patella and opposing
      femoral condyles. Etiological factors, clinical features and radiographic signs
      of this condition are discussed. A conservative treatment approach is put forth
      emphasizing rehabilitative exercise, bracing and spinal manipulation.

PMID- 3392478
TI  - Elongation of the anterior tubercle of a cervical vertebral transverse process.
AB  - Elongation of the anterior tubercle of the transverse process of a cervical
      vertebrae is a rare congenital osseous anomaly. The presenting case demonstrates
      the need for a thorough clinical assessment/evaluation on every patient. The
      importance of the radiological examination as a component of clinical assessment
      is explained.

PMID- 3392477
TI  - Anterior interosseous nerve paralysis: cubital tunnel (Kiloh-Nevin) syndrome.
AB  - Paralysis of the anterior interosseous nerve may occur for a variety of reasons.
      It has been suggested that such a malady presents clinically more often than is
      recognized. Some authors attribute this to a general misunderstanding or
      ignorance of the precise anatomical distribution and motor function of this
      branch of the median nerve. The neuropathy produces a clinical scenario with a
      characteristic disturbance of the "pinch grip." Spontaneous recovery has been
      reported, but is said to be delayed and incomplete. Surgical exploration of the
      nerve may reveal a biomechanical basis for irritation, and decompression
      maneuvers may result in rapid and complete recovery. It is important to
      recognize, however, the value of conservative measures, including mobilization
      and adjustive procedures, which may be specifically directed to the elbow joint
      and other regions of the upper extremity. Such techniques may assist in reducing
      restrictive influences comprising the nerve and associated tissues. The benefits
      of electrotherapy may prove invaluable and, perhaps, should be considered prior
      to more radical procedures. Therefore, the practitioner should be wary of the
      potential to approach such a condition from the chiropractic perspective of
      treatment and management, which may yield rewarding sequellae.

PMID- 3392479
TI  - Inter- and intraexaminer reliability of the upper cervical X ray marking system:
      a second look.

PMID- 3392480
TI  - Foraminal encroachment syndrome in true lumbosacral spondylolisthesis: a
      preliminary report.

PMID- 3392482
TI  - Clinical research preparation for chiropractors: implementing a scientist
      practitioner model.

PMID- 3392481
TI  - Chiropractic's functional integration into conventional health care: some
      implications.

PMID- 3392483
TI  - The effects of chiropractic adjustments on distal skin temperature.

PMID- 3392484
TI  - A critical study of the student intern's practice activities in a chiropractic
      college teaching clinic.

PMID- 3392485
TI  - On team work.

PMID- 3392486
TI  - Re: Adolescent urine drug screening.

PMID- 3392487
TI  - Re: AIDS omnibus bill.

PMID- 3392488
TI  - Regionalization of trauma care: its effect on quality of care and community
      economic resources.

PMID- 3392489
TI  - Hospital level and neonatal mortality in a high-risk population.

PMID- 3392490
TI  - Georgia's new Informed Consent Statute.

PMID- 3392491
TI  - Subcellular fractionation of the porcine corpus luteum: sequestration of
      progesterone in a unique particulate fraction.
AB  - Homogenates of porcine corpus luteum were subjected to fractionation by
      differential-rate centrifugation or sucrose density gradient fractionation, with
      or without pretreatment with digitonin. Fractions of each gradient were assayed
      for a number of markers characteristic of the major intracellular organelles and
      cell-surface membranes, and for progesterone content. The majority of the
      progesterone content of homogenates of porcine corpus luteum was associated with
      a low-density particulate fraction which equilibrated at a buoyant density of
      1.07-1.09 g/cm3. Pretreatment with digitonin increased the buoyant density of the
      progesterone-enriched fraction markedly (to 1.13-1.15 g/cm3) without causing
      release of steroid. The density distributions of progesterone content in control
      and digitonin-treated luteal gradient fractions were quite distinct from those of
      the major intracellular organelles and luteal cell-surface membranes. However,
      NADH-cytochrome C reductase activity (but not other endoplasmic reticulum
      markers) was also enriched in this fraction. The results suggest that most of the
      progesterone of the porcine corpus luteum is associated with a unique particulate
      fraction which is enriched in digitonin-reactive lipids and NADH-cytochrome C
      reductase activity.

PMID- 3392493
TI  - Mesotocin and luteal function in macropodid marsupials.
AB  - Pituitary glands and corpora lutea collected at various stages of the
      reproductive cycle of the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii), were extracted and
      fractionated by high-performance liquid chromatography, and specific
      radioimmunoassays were used to measure mesotocin ([Ile8]-oxytocin) and oxytocin.
      Mesotocin, but not oxytocin, was identified in extracts of pituitary; the mean
      concentration of mesotocin in this tissue was 0.75 nmol/g wet weight. Neither
      mesotocin nor oxytocin was detected in extracts of corpus luteum. In female
      Bennett's wallabies passively immunized against mesotocin during seasonal
      reproductive quiescence, there was no significant effect on peripheral
      progesterone concentrations and there were no births, matings or changes in
      vaginal smears in the 2 months following treatment. Thus mesotocin is unlikely to
      act as a systemic luteostatic agent during seasonal quiescence.

PMID- 3392492
TI  - Expression of androgen receptors and prostatic steroid-binding protein during
      development of the rat ventral prostate.
AB  - Prostatic steroid-binding protein (PSBP) mRNAs transcribed from the three genes
      C1, C2 and C3 were quantitated in neonatal rat ventral prostate by Northern blot
      analysis. Transcription was initiated at day 14 for C1 and C2 and day 10 for C3,
      and reached mature levels by day 21 for C1 and C2 and day 28 for C3. The changes
      of both cytoplasmic and nuclear prostatic androgen receptors in 10- to 150-day
      old rats were investigated by radioligand assay and showed a fivefold transient
      increase between days 10 and 28. Thus there was a good correlation between the
      onset of PSBP gene expression and the transient increase in androgen receptors;
      increases in receptor concentration may be a prerequisite for changes in gene
      expression.

PMID- 3392494
TI  - Effect of cortisol on the plasma and lymphoid tissue distributions of tritiated
      glucocorticoids in C57BL/6 mice.
AB  - The mechanism of action of very high doses of corticosteroids, such as those
      administered as bolus doses in the treatment of inflammatory and immune diseases
      or those currently used in rodents to isolate the small proportion of medullary
      thymocytes considered to be corticoresistant, is still undefined. The possible
      existence of selective local concentration by some tissues, particularly lymphoid
      organs, cannot be excluded. Therefore, using C57BL/6 mice, the kinetics of
      lymphoid tissue and plasma radioactivities after i.p. injection of steroids,
      either alone or with an excess of non-radioactive cortisol hemisuccinate (up to
      10 mg/animal, i.e. 500 mg/kg) were studied. There was a rapid and dose-dependent
      retention of [3H]corticosterone and [3H]cortisol in the thymuses of cortisol
      treated compared with control animals. The spleen also appeared to be capable of
      accumulating steroids. However, when the tissue/plasma ratio of [3H]steroid
      concentration and the change in extracellular space in the presence of an excess
      of nonradioactive cortisol were taken into consideration, only the thymus was
      able to concentrate steroids above concentrations in the plasma. Moreover, this
      effect did not appear to be specific for glucocorticoids, since tracer
      accumulation was also observed when sex steroids were used as tracers. The cells
      of the reticulo-endothelial system may, in part, be responsible for this
      phenomenon of steroid concentration in lymphoid organs.

PMID- 3392495
TI  - Aldosterone in colonic potassium adaptation in rats.
AB  - The influence of adrenalectomy and administration of aldosterone on potassium
      secretion by colonic epithelium was studied in vivo in rats, particularly in
      relation to potassium adaptation (induced by feeding a potassium-rich diet) and
      the response to acute i.v. administration of a potassium load. Adrenalectomy
      (rats maintained on dexamethasone and saline) impaired the development of
      potassium adaptation or considerably reduced it if the rats had been previously
      adapted. The partial adaptation observed in the adrenalectomized rats may be
      related to the increased plasma potassium concentration developed when these rats
      received the potassium-rich diet. Within 2 h of acute aldosterone administration,
      the response of the potassium secretion rate to acute potassium loading in
      adrenalectomized rats was significantly improved. When aldosterone (2
      micrograms/day per 100 g body weight, given by osmotic minipump) was added to the
      replacement treatment, the plasma concentration of potassium was similar to that
      of the intact rats, and both potassium adaptation and the response to the acute
      potassium load were completely restored. Transepithelial potential difference and
      sodium transport were not stimulated, being similar to the values in intact rats.
      Considerable changes in potassium secretion induced by acute potassium loading
      did not significantly affect sodium transport. The findings suggest that the
      sodium and potassium epithelial pathways are, to a large extent, independently
      influenced by aldosterone. Aldosterone appears to be essential for complete
      adaptation and, in a relatively low dose, can completely restore potassium
      adaptation and the response to acute potassium loads in adrenalectomized rats.

PMID- 3392496
TI  - Pituitary and plasma vasopressin concentrations and fluid balance throughout the
      oestrous cycle of the rat.
AB  - Observations were made of fluid balance and vasopressin concentrations throughout
      the oestrous cycle of normally cyclic female rats housed under a 12 h light: 12 h
      darkness regime. Plasma vasopressin concentrations were found to increase
      progressively during the light period, falling again during the night on all days
      of the cycle except pro-oestrus. On this day, peak vasopressin concentrations of
      3.32 +/- 0.8 pmol/l were seen between 10.00 and 12.00 h, with lower
      concentrations of 1.74 +/- 0.22 pmol/l being seen between 18.00 and 19.00 h.
      Urine flow appeared to reflect the changes in plasma vasopressin concentrations,
      being significantly lower during the light phase, with a small increase being
      seen over this period on pro-oestrus. Pituitary vasopressin concentrations were
      highest between 09.00 and 10.00 h and fell progressively over each of the 4 days
      of the oestrous cycle. The changes in pituitary content were greater than could
      be accounted for in terms of the alterations in the plasma concentrations of
      vasopressin.

PMID- 3392497
TI  - Pertussis toxin-catalysed ADP-ribosylation of endometrial proteins in sheep.
AB  - Membrane fractions prepared from the uterine endometrium of untreated
      ovariectomized sheep contained a 41 x 10(3) Mr protein that was [32P]ADP
      ribosylated by pertussis toxin in the presence of [32P]NAD. Progestin and
      progestin plus oestrogen treatment in vivo increased the concentration of this
      protein 2.7- and 3.6-fold respectively. Endometrial extracts from untreated or
      progestin-treated sheep also contained proteins of Mr 69 x 10(3) and 120 x 10(3)
      which were ADP-ribosylated in the absence of pertussis toxin; these proteins were
      not ADP-ribosylated in sheep receiving oestrogen. Incubation of endometrial
      slices from progestin plus oestrogen-treated sheep with oxytocin in vitro
      increased phosphoinositide hydrolysis 11-fold. This effect was not altered by
      prior incubation with pertussis toxin, although toxin treatment reduced by 64%
      subsequent labelling of the 41 x 10(3) Mr protein when membrane fractions
      prepared from pretreated slices were incubated with pertussis toxin and [32P]NAD.
      Thus the endometrium contains a pertussis toxin-sensitive protein which is
      induced by steroid treatment, but this protein is not involved in the
      phosphoinositide response to oxytocin.

PMID- 3392498
TI  - Concentrations of oxytocin-neurophysin prohormone mRNA in corpora lutea of sheep
      during the oestrous cycle and in early pregnancy.
AB  - Concentrations of oxytocin in corpora lutea from pregnant and non-pregnant sheep
      rose during luteinization to peak between days 5 and 9 after oestrus before
      falling to low levels on days 12 and 14. Concentrations of the 608-base mRNA
      encoding the oxytocin-neurophysin prohormone, measured by Northern blotting using
      a cRNA probe, were highest before day 5, and fell to low levels by day 9. The
      decline in oxytocin during the second half of the oestrus cycle and in pregnancy
      could therefore be accounted for by reduced luteal concentrations of oxytocin
      neurophysin mRNA. The rate of decline in prohormone mRNA concentration between
      days 3 and 16 followed first order kinetics, suggesting that gene expression
      ceased early in the cycle. The lag between peak oxytocin-neurophysin mRNA and
      peak oxytocin concentrations may represent the time taken for post-translational
      processing of the prohormone.

PMID- 3392499
TI  - Two vasopressin-like peptides in the pig testis?
AB  - Vasopressin (VP)-like immunoreactivity (IR) has been located in the testes of
      several species of mammal. There is evidence that most of this IR in the rat does
      not represent authentic arginine vasopressin (AVP) and that a second AVP-like
      peptide may exist. We have studied testis samples from the pig, which produces
      lysine vasopressin (LVP) in its pituitary, and have found both LVP- and AVP-like
      IR. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of testis extracts showed two
      peaks of VP-IR. The first peak co-eluted with authentic LVP and was recognized
      only by antisera which cross-reacted with LVP. The second peak co-eluted with
      authentic AVP and was recognized by antisera raised against AVP. Both VP-like
      peptides bound to a neurophysin affinity column and the HPLC elution profiles of
      the bound peptides were similar to those of the authentic hormones. When the LVP
      like material was oxidized with performic acid, a peak of IR running in the same
      position as oxidized authentic LVP on HPLC was produced. Similarly, the performic
      acid-oxidized AVP-like material co-eluted with oxidized authentic AVP. The
      presence of both LVP- and AVP-like peptides in the pig testis may mean that more
      than one gene is involved. A second VP-like gene could also explain the anomalies
      of VP-IR in other species.

PMID- 3392500
TI  - Evidence for luteotrophic and antiluteolytic actions of prolactin in rats with 5
      day oestrous cycles.
AB  - Injection of 1 mg bromocriptine at either 08.00 or 16.00 h on the day of oestrus
      in rats with 5-day oestrous cycles caused a reduction in the duration of
      progesterone secretion by the corpus luteum during dioestrous, and a shortening
      of the ovarian cycle by 1 day. These effects were not present when bromocriptine
      was injected at 08.00 h on the day of metoestrus. The effect of bromocriptine on
      progesterone secretion by the corpus luteum was reversed by neutralization of the
      biological activity of LH at dioestrus by injection of 0.5 ml anti-LH serum at
      08.00 h at metoestrus. Injection of the antiserum alone prolonged progesterone
      secretion by the corpus luteum, but had no effect on the length of dioestrus.
      These results are interpreted as suggesting (1) that prolactin secretion on the
      afternoon of oestrus protects the corpus luteum of the rat ovarian cycle against
      the luteolytic effects of LH secretion during early dioestrus and (2) that
      prolactin stimulates progesterone secretion in the absence of such a luteolytic
      action. This response of the corpus luteum of the rat ovarian reproductive cycle
      to prolactin results in 5-day oestrous cycles.

PMID- 3392501
TI  - Differential effects of testosterone, 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone and oestradiol
      17 beta on plasma concentrations of LH in castrated ferrets.
AB  - The biological activity of testosterone often depends on the conversion of
      testosterone within the target cell to an androgenic or oestrogenic metabolite.
      The purpose of this study was to compare the relative ability of testosterone and
      two of its metabolites, dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and oestradiol, to suppress LH
      secretion in castrated male ferrets. Castrated ferrets were treated with five
      different doses of steroid by implanting various numbers of s.c. silicone
      elastomer capsules packed with either testosterone, DHT or oestradiol. The lowest
      dose of oestradiol (0.1 mm capsule length/100 g body weight, mean estimated total
      release rate of 25 ng/day) significantly suppressed plasma concentrations of LH
      in castrated ferrets. Higher amounts of DHT (2.5 mm capsule length/100 g body
      weight, mean estimated total release rate of 88 ng/day) were required for a
      significant reduction in plasma concentrations of LH. Concentrations of LH were
      also significantly lowered by testosterone when administered at a 2.5 mm capsule
      length/100 g body weight; however, estimated total release rate was 312 ng/day
      from these capsules. The fact that oestradiol was more effective than DHT, and
      that DHT was more effective than testosterone in inhibiting LH secretion in
      castrated ferrets, suggests that in gonadally intact ferrets, testosterone may be
      converted to DHT or oestradiol within target cells that mediate steroid negative
      feedback on LH secretion.

PMID- 3392502
TI  - The natural history of adrenal function in autoimmune patients with adrenal
      autoantibodies.
AB  - Adrenal autoantibodies (AA) were found in 23 of 2571 (0.9%) patients with organ
      specific autoimmune diseases, in one of 632 first-degree relatives of insulin
      dependent diabetic patients, and in none of 375 normal controls. In AA-positive
      subjects the prevalence of human leucocyte antigens (HLA)-A1, -B8 and -DR3 was
      significantly higher with respect to the general population. Two groups were
      followed (15 subjects persistently positive for AA and 51 negative subjects) for
      a mean period of 3.2 years. Yearly tests were made for AA and adrenal function.
      Of the 15 subjects persistently positive for AA, six developed Addison's disease
      after a period varying from 6 months to 10 years. Of the 51 subjects initially
      negative, two became positive during follow-up, and one of these developed
      Addison's disease 15 months later. In contrast, all the remaining 49 persistently
      negative subjects maintained normal adrenal function tests. Overall, of the 17
      positive subjects, seven (41%) developed Addison's disease, three (18%) showed
      various degrees of subclinical adrenocortical failure and the remaining seven
      maintained normal glandular function. In the positive patients the yearly
      incidence of detriment in adrenal function was 19%. Patients who developed
      Addison's disease showed significant association with HLA-B8 phenotype. The
      development from normal adrenocortical function to overt Addison's disease seemed
      to progress through four distinct stages of functional impairment: increased
      plasma renin activity with normal/low aldosterone (stage 1), low cortisol
      response after i.v. administration of ACTH (stage 2), increased ACTH (stage 3),
      and low basal cortisol (stage 4).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3392503
TI  - Acanthamoeba keratitis. An important consideration when evaluating ocular
      complaints in contact lens wearers.

PMID- 3392505
TI  - Future directions in obstetrics in family practice.

PMID- 3392506
TI  - Physical illness and depression.

PMID- 3392504
TI  - Physician satisfaction with capitation patients in an academic family medicine
      clinic.
AB  - Physician work satisfaction may play an important role in the management and
      quality of health care, yet cost-containment measures may compromise levels of
      physician satisfaction. This article reports an evaluation of physician attitudes
      toward aspects of capitation plans that may place the physician in conflict with
      the physician's traditional role. The literature was reviewed in an effort to
      generate a list of constructs that would be relevant to physician work
      satisfaction. By using constructs that focus on both physician work satisfaction
      and capitation, a survey instrument was developed and serially administered to
      physicians involved directly in a capitation program. Among the five dimensions
      studied, providers rated capitation patients more favorably in only one area:
      interpersonal relationships. Providers indicated a preference for noncapitation
      patients in the dimensions of autonomy, intellectual stimulation, time
      restraints, and structural variables. Furthermore, physicians' satisfaction
      levels with capitation patients tended to decrease the longer they cared for
      them. These findings are consistent with expectations, and lend support to the
      hypothesis that organizational constraints may have an adverse effect on
      physician attitudes toward selected aspects of caring for capitation patients.

PMID- 3392507
TI  - A married man seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus.

PMID- 3392508
TI  - Patients with new headache in primary care: a report from ASPN.
AB  - From a consecutive series of 3,847 headache patients, 1,331 patients who made
      first visits for new headache to 120 primary care physicians were studied for
      usual care over a 14-month period. Either tension or vascular headache was the
      initial diagnosis in 23.8 percent and 12.8 percent of patients, respectively.
      Nearly one half (47.8 percent) were classified as having headaches other than
      tension or vascular. A total of 15.3 percent of headaches were undiagnosed or
      were regarded as a mixture of traditional diagnostic designations. At first
      visit, most patients (76.6 percent) were managed without diagnostic tests. Drugs
      were prescribed for 73.6 percent, and advice was given for 58.6 percent. Only 2.0
      percent of patients had computerized tomographic scanning ordered at first visit,
      although at least 46 percent met National Institutes of Health criteria, a
      finding with potential economic consequences of at least $2 billion. These
      findings suggest the need for reevaluation of diagnostic categories for headache,
      reevaluation of strategies for headache management, and further investigations of
      headache in primary care patients.

PMID- 3392509
TI  - Correlates of screening mammography in a family practice setting.
AB  - The medical records of 243 asymptomatic women aged 50 years or older were
      reviewed at a community-based family practice center to determine the proportion
      who had been referred for a screening mammogram and to identify correlates of
      mammography referral. Patient demographic characteristics, breast cancer risk
      factors, and characteristics of past patient-physician encounters were
      considered. Between July 1, 1981, and July 1, 1987, 40 (16 percent) of the women
      had received a mammography referral from their currently assigned physician. All
      but two of the women had actually obtained the mammogram. The primary predictors
      of mammography referral were the known risk factors for breast cancer: a family
      history of breast cancer (prevalence rate ratio [PRR] = 9.3, P = .001) and a
      history of benign breast disease (PRR = 7.9, P = .002). Other predictors included
      having a Papanicolaou test performed by the current physician (PRR = 4.1, P =
      .03), having a test for stool occult blood returned by the patient (PRR = 10.2, P
      = .003), having been instructed in smoking cessation by the current physician
      (PRR = 10.0, P = .05), and, possibly, being a former smoker (PRR = 4.6, P = .09).
      Patient demographic characteristics, other known breast cancer risk factors (age,
      obesity, alcohol use, and pregnancy history), and the sex of the physician were
      not predictive.

PMID- 3392510
TI  - Theophylline dosing and theophylline level testing in a family practice
      population.
AB  - Theophylline level testing enables the physician to monitor patients on
      theophylline and maintain benefit vs risk at an optimum ratio. This study
      consisted of a retrospective chart review of 53 patients who had a total of 103
      serum theophylline level determinations (STLDs) over a 12-month period. The study
      was designed to look at reasons why physicians ordered STLDs and to what extent
      those results influenced subsequent theophylline prescribing. Findings showed
      that a large number of STLDs were ordered on asymptomatic patients with no recent
      dose change or initiation of therapy and no recent hospitalization or emergency
      room visit. The most common reason for ordering an STLD was presentation with
      symptoms or signs of asthma and no other recent events. On several occasions when
      low results were obtained, theophylline dosage was not increased. In some of
      these cases the patient's clinical presentation may have influenced the decision
      to maintain the same dosage. Use of erythromycin and smoking status were observed
      to affect theophylline clearance. Most physicians failed to document time of last
      theophylline dose, which hindered accurate interpretation of STLDs.

PMID- 3392511
TI  - Profile of an adolescent problem drinker.
AB  - A study was conducted to determine what sociocultural and demographic variables
      can be used to identify potential problem drinkers among adolescents in middle
      school and high school. Three thousand seventeen students were administered an in
      depth questionnaire regarding their knowledge, attitudes, and behavior toward the
      use of alcohol. Twenty schools in six school districts in the two-state area of
      Georgia and South Carolina participated in the study. A number of analyses
      indicated that the student heavy drinker was most typically male, white, and
      between the ages of 14 and 15 years with an above average knowledge about alcohol
      and liberal attitudes toward alcohol use. The adolescent heavy drinker is more
      likely to have parents and best friends who are heavy drinkers, to have had his
      first encounter with alcohol at an early age, to drink with friends his own age,
      and to feel that almost all of his friends drink. Results of this study can be
      used by family physicians in the management of potential alcohol abusers. Early
      recognition and intervention by the family physician may help to reduce the
      alarming number of adolescents who are struggling with problems related to
      alcohol.

PMID- 3392512
TI  - The development of depressive symptoms in elderly following onset of severe
      physical illness.
AB  - This study followed a group of elderly patients (ill group) with recent onset of
      life-threatening or severely debilitating illness to determine development of
      depressive symptoms. Age- and sex-matched control patients were included for
      comparison. Depressive symptoms increased significantly in the group of ill male
      patients when compared with controls. Depressive symptoms did not show an
      increase in the group of ill female patients. Other variables also predicted
      increased depression: (1) an initial placement in nursing home, (2) a prior
      history of depression or higher initial level of depressive symptoms, (3) the
      presence of larger numbers of additional medical illnesses, and (4) following the
      occurrence of stressful life events. The increase in depression in the male test
      group was still present and significant when controlling for these additional
      four factors.

PMID- 3392513
TI  - Stability of the glandular morphogenesis produced by retinoids in the newborn
      hamster cheek pouch in vitro.
AB  - Retinoids can induce alterations in differentiation and morphogenesis in the
      hamster cheek pouch. In order to determine the stability of these changes,
      explants of neonatal pouch were exposed to 6 micrograms/ml of either retinyl
      acetate (RAc: 1.8 x 10(-5) M) or all-trans retinoic acid (RA: 2.0 x 10(-5) M) for
      an initial 3 of 7 days, out of a total of 21 days in organ culture. Three days of
      RAc or RA caused a delay in the differentiation and keratinization of the
      epithelium at least up to day 7 of culture. Additionally, two out of ten explants
      exposed to RA showed small downgrowths of epithelium into the stroma at 7 or 14
      days. Seven days of exposure to either retinoid led to inhibition of epithelial
      keratinization, and produced a mucous metaplasia which was still seen at the end
      of the 21-day culture period. Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive, diastase
      resistant material was present in the metaplastic epithelium, in intercellular,
      and in some instances, intracellular locations. An excess of either RAc or RA,
      for 7 days, induced persistent glandlike downgrowths of epithelium, suggesting
      that a stable alteration in the developmental program of the epithelium may have
      occurred. Many of these downgrowths possessed a lumen which was lined by cuboidal
      epithelium and contained PAS-positive, diastase-resistant secretory material. RA
      appeared more potent than RAc in inhibiting keratinization, in producing a mucous
      metaplasia, and in initiating glandlike downgrowths. The persistence of glandular
      downgrowths suggests that retinoids, either directly or indirectly, act in a
      manner similar to that of an embryonic inductor.

PMID- 3392514
TI  - Skull development during anuran metamorphosis: III. Role of thyroid hormone in
      chondrogenesis.
AB  - Metamorphosis of cranial cartilages in anuran amphibians constitutes one of the
      most dramatic and extensive ontogenetic transformations in vertebrates. We
      quantitatively examined the role of thyroid hormone (3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine;
      T3) in mediating gross aspects of this morphological repatterning in the skull of
      the Oriental fire-bellied toad, Bombina orientalis. T3 was administered via
      plastic (Elvax) micropellets in three treatment dosages (2.5, 0.25, and 0.025
      microgram) and one control dosage (0 microgram) to tadpoles of three Gosner
      developmental stages--28/29, 30/31, and 32/33; tadpoles were recoved up to 8 d
      (treatment and control dosages) or 14 d (control dosage) later. Response of
      larval cartilages to exogenous T3 was dosage dependent but not implant-stage
      dependent; chondrogenic tissues that participate in metamorphic transformation
      are competent to respond to T3 well before they normally do. Metamorphic effects
      of T3 were visible within 2 d; in most treatment groups, the normal metamorphic
      sequence was two-thirds complete after 8 d. While T3 also induced precocious
      ossification, the normal temporal relation between bone formation and cartilage
      transformation was dissociated in experimental groups. Morphological integration
      between cartilage and bone during cranial metamorphosis is at least partly the
      result of each tissue responding independently to endocrine factors.

PMID- 3392515
TI  - First successful transfer of cryopreserved feline (Felis catus) embryos resulting
      in live offspring.
AB  - Sexually mature domestic cats were hormonally stimulated to induce
      superovulation; embryo recovery was accomplished by laparotomy. Embryos were
      frozen by conventional embryo freezing methods used in the domestic cattle embryo
      transfer industry. Thawing was achieved in a 28 degrees C or 37 degrees C
      waterbath or in ambient air. Overnight culture of the frozen-thawed embryos in a
      supplemented Nutrient Mixture F-10 (Ham's) or Earle's Balanced Salt Solution with
      20% heat-treated newborn calf serum resulted in five successful term litters from
      recipient queens. Embryo recipients who became pregnant had been treated with a
      subcutaneous injection of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH-P) once every 24 hr
      for 6 days in the amount of 0.2 mg/day for the first 5 days and 0.1 mg on the
      sixth day, followed by two intramuscular 750 IU injections of human chorionic
      gonadotropin 24 hr apart, beginning on the same day as the sixth injection of FSH
      P.

PMID- 3392516
TI  - Chromatin topology during the transformation of the mouse sperm nucleus into
      pronucleus in vivo.
AB  - Time relationships of sperm chromatin dispersion and sperm nucleoprotein
      replacement have been studied in vivo, by an in situ cytochemical approach. We
      used the Feulgen reaction to reveal DNA, which allow us to record both processes
      simultaneously, on the basis of the return after fertilization to haploid Feulgen
      values after sperm nucleoprotein replacement with somatic histones. We have shown
      that sperm nucleoprotein replacement occurs at around anaphase II, whereas sperm
      chromatin dispersion is massive between the anaphase and telophase II oocyte
      phases. The morphological pattern of sperm chromatin dispersion supports the idea
      that the process involves the whole sperm chromatin mass simultaneously, with the
      region located between the implantation fossa and the postacrosomial region the
      last to swell.

PMID- 3392517
TI  - Calcium dependence of human sperm fertilizing ability.
AB  - The Ca2+ dependency of human-sperm fertilizing ability was investigated using a
      modified Tyrode's medium either containing 2.4 mM CaCl2 (CA medium) or with the
      CaCl2 replaced by SrCl2 and 0.1 mM EGTA added to chelate any residual Ca2+ ions
      (SREG-medium). Ten washed sperm populations incubated in either medium for 0, 6,
      and 22 hours showed the same occurrence of acrosome reactions (by fluorescent
      lectin labelling and triple stain). A further 3-hour incubation after washing
      into fresh CA medium resulted in only a slight increase in acrosome reactions in
      both media. Eight sperm populations preincubated overnight in CA and SREG media
      were coincubated for 1 hour with previously salt-stored human zonae pellucidae
      also in the same media. Significantly more motile spermatozoa were bound to more
      of the zonae in CA medium (53.9% vs. 27.6% of zonae with 13.8 vs. 4.3 sperm/bound
      zona). In three hamster egg penetration test (HEPT) experiments, sperm
      populations preincubated overnight in either CA or SREG media were coincubated
      with hamster oocytes prepared in the same media. Only 2.1% of oocytes (1.0
      polyspermy) were penetrated in SREG medium, cf., 30.9% of oocytes (1.3
      polyspermy) in CA medium. These results demonstrate that while Sr2+ ions can
      substitute fully for Ca2+ in the capacitation and acrosome reaction of human
      spermatozoa, sperm-zona, and sperm-oolemma interaction seem to involve some more
      Ca2+-specific process(es). Furthermore, the increased HEPT fertilizing ability of
      human spermatozoa using overnight preincubation in SREG medium and CA medium for
      the test cannot be explained on the basis of differential kinetics of
      capacitation or the acrosome reaction.

PMID- 3392518
TI  - Effects of cytochalasins B and D on the fertilization of zebrafish (Brachydanio)
      eggs.
AB  - The effects of selected concentrations of cytochalasins B (1-10 micrograms/ml;
      CB) and D (10, 50 micrograms/ml; CD) on the morphology and fertilization of zebra
      danio (Brachydanio) eggs were studied primarily with light and scanning electron
      microscopy. Eggs pretreated with either CB (10 micrograms/ml) or CD (10, 50
      micrograms/ml) prepared in Fish Ringer's solution-0.5% DMSO showed a flattened
      shape, alterations in the form of surface microplicae and microvilli, and
      occasional spontaneous exocytosis of cortical granules. All eggs preincubated in
      either CB or CD were activated upon transfer to tap water, showing cortical
      granule exocytosis, elevation of the chorion, and formation of a fertilization
      cone. When eggs were pretreated for 5 minutes with 1-5 micrograms/ml CB or 10
      micrograms/ml CD and inseminated, they incorporated the fertilizing sperm and
      typically developed to the two-cell stage. A single sperm cell attached to and
      fused with the sperm entry site microvilli but failed to enter the cytoplasm in
      eggs preincubated with 10 micrograms/ml CB. Eggs that were immersed continuously
      in either CB (10 micrograms/ml) or CD (50 micrograms/ml) 15 seconds after
      insemination also failed to incorporate the fertilizing sperm. Treatment of eggs
      after insemination with CD (10 micrograms/ml), however, did not prevent sperm
      cell incorporation or fertilization cone formation. Our drug data suggest the
      presence of actin-containing filaments in the danio egg before and following
      fertilization. These filaments appear to play a role in maintaining the shape of
      the egg cell and its surface specializations and in the incorporation of the
      fertilizing sperm. The fertilization cone appears to form independently of actin
      polymerization.

PMID- 3392519
TI  - The interaction of intracellular Mg2+ and pH on Cl- fluxes associated with
      intracellular pH regulation in barnacle muscle fibers.
AB  - The intracellular dialysis technique was used to measure unidirectional Cl-
      fluxes and net acid extrusion by single muscle fibers from the giant barnacle.
      Decreasing pHi below normal levels of 7.35 stimulated both Cl- efflux and influx.
      These increases of Cl- fluxes were blocked by disulfonic acid stilbene
      derivatives such as SITS and DIDS. The SITS-sensitive Cl- efflux was sharply
      dependent upon pHi, increasing approximately 20-fold as pHi was decreased from
      7.35 to 6.7. Under conditions of normal intracellular Mg2+ concentration, the
      apparent pKa for the activation of Cl- efflux was 7.0. We found that raising
      [Mg2+]i, but not [Mg2+]o, had a pronounced inhibitory effect on both SITS
      sensitive unidirectional Cl- fluxes as well as on SITS-sensitive net acid
      extrusion. Increasing [Mg2+]i shifted the apparent pKa of Cl- efflux to a more
      acid value without affecting the maximal flux that could be attained. This
      relation between pHi and [Mg2+]i on SITS-sensitive Cl- efflux is consistent with
      a competition between H ions and Mg ions. We conclude that the SITS-inhibitable
      Cl- fluxes are mediated by the pHi-regulatory transport mechanism and that
      changes of intracellular Mg2+ levels can modify the activity of the pHi
      regulator/anion transporter.

PMID- 3392521
TI  - Interferon induction by viruses. XVI. 2-Aminopurine blocks selectively and
      reversibly an early stage in interferon induction.
AB  - A purine analogue, 2-aminopurine, reported to act as an inhibitor of protein
      kinase, selectively, reversibly and in a dose-dependent manner blocked a very
      early stage in interferon induction. With chick embryo cells and mouse L cells as
      hosts, and different viral inducers of interferon, maximal effects of 2
      aminopurine were observed during the first 4 h of induction. At 10 mM-2
      aminopurine there was a 20-fold reduction in the yield of interferon from both
      cell types. 2-Aminopurine and actinomycin D both prevented interferon induction
      with the same time course, indicating a transcriptional block to induction;
      however, only the action of the former was reversed upon removal of the drug.
      Addition of 2-aminopurine to an agarose overlay resulted in high efficiency
      plaque formation by vesicular stomatitis virus New Jersey (Hazelhurst) under
      conditions where endogenous induction of interferon and its feedback action on
      aged chick embryo cells normally prevented plaque formation. Two other inducible
      systems, representing genes involved in interferon action (both its development
      and activation), and those of heat shock, were not affected by 2-aminopurine. A
      model is presented implicating the interferon-inducible dsRNA-dependent protein
      kinase as an interferon induction receptor which, on interaction with dsRNA,
      generates an amplified signal via phosphorylation that ultimately derepresses the
      interferon gene(s).

PMID- 3392522
TI  - Symptomatic anti-HBe positive chronic hepatitis B in Taiwan with special
      reference to persistent HBV replication and HDV superinfection.
AB  - Ninety-four patients, who were admitted with symptoms of liver disease and found
      to be positive for hepatitis B surface antigen and antibody to hepatitis B e
      antigen (anti-HBe), were examined for hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in serum and
      immunoglobulin antibody to hepatitis B core antigen and liver biopsies were
      stained for hepatic hepatitis B core antigen. Of 94 patients, 34 (36%) had
      evidence of HBV replication and 35 (37%) evidence of hepatitis D virus (HDV)
      superinfection. Most of the latter two groups of patients (greater than 70%) had
      evidence of chronic active hepatitis or active cirrhosis in their liver biopsies.
      The majority of these patients (greater than 80%) also had high levels of serum
      alanine aminotransferase (greater than 200 U/L) during the acute stage of their
      illness, and suffered from prolonged hepatic inflammation (greater than 1 year).
      Many of the patients (59%) also experienced frequent (1-6 episodes) relapsing
      exacerbations during a two-year follow-up period. Thus, persistent replication or
      reactivation of HBV and HDV superinfection were the two major causes of clinical
      exacerbations in anti-HBe-positive chronic HBV carriers in Taiwan, and also
      played an important role in the progression of their liver diseases and
      unfavorable outcomes.

PMID- 3392520
TI  - Functional pacemaking area in the early embryonic chick heart assessed by
      simultaneous multiple-site optical recording of spontaneous action potentials.
AB  - Pacemaking areas in the early embryonic chick hearts were quantitatively assessed
      using simultaneous multiple-site optical recordings of spontaneous action
      potentials. The measuring system with a 10- X 10- or a 12 X 12-element photodiode
      array had a spatial resolution of 15-30 microns. Spontaneous action potential
      related optical signals were recorded simultaneously from multiple contiguous
      regions in the area in which the pacemaker site was located in seven- to nine
      somite embryonic hearts stained with a voltage-sensitive merocyanine-rhodanine
      dye (NK 2761). In the seven- to early eight-somite embryonic hearts, the location
      of the pacemaking area is not uniquely determined, and as development proceeds to
      the nine-somite stage, the pacemaking area becomes confined to the left pre
      atrial tissue. Analysis of the simultaneous multiple-site optical recordings
      showed that the pacemaking area was basically circular in shape in the later
      eight- to nine-somite embryonic hearts. An elliptical shape also was observed at
      the seven- to early eight-somite stages of development. The size of the
      pacemaking area was estimated to be approximately 1,200-3,000 micron2. We suggest
      that the pacemaking area is composed of approximately 60-150 cells, and that the
      pacemaking area remains at a relatively constant size throughout the seven- to
      nine-somite stages. It is thus proposed that a population of pacemaking cells,
      rather than a single cell, serves as a rhythm generator in the embryonic chick
      heart.

PMID- 3392523
TI  - Reactivation of chronic type B hepatitis: the effect on expression of serum HBV
      DNA and pre-S encoded proteins.
AB  - Hepatitis B markers were studied in seven patients with reactivated liver
      disease. Reactivation of chronic type B hepatitis, as indicated by the
      reappearance of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) in the serum, was characterised by
      the appearance of hepatitis B virus-DNA (HBV-DNA) in the serum. The expression of
      pre-S 1 encoded protein remained unchanged in five of seven patients, and poly
      HSA as a marker for pre-S 2 encoded protein remained detectable in six of seven
      patients before and after reactivation of chronic hepatitis. The level of serum
      HBV-DNA correlated well with the level of liver enzymes, which rose from normal
      to various levels after reactivation of the liver disease. The data suggest that
      inflammatory activity of the liver disease is not related to the expression of
      pre-S encoded protein but to viral replication. Possibly pre-C and C-gene encoded
      antigens, which are produced together with viral nucleic acid and expressed on
      the surface of HBV-infected liver cells, play the key role in liver damage
      believed to be mediated by cytotoxic T cells.

PMID- 3392524
TI  - Seventh cranial nerve paralysis with myokymia during acute co-infection with
      hepatitis B and delta viruses.
AB  - A patient with peripheral cranial nerve paresis and bilateral myokymia is
      described during the course of acute co-infection with hepatitis B and delta
      viruses. Specific circulating hepatitis B immune complexes were found by electron
      microscopy concomitantly with the neurological symptoms.

PMID- 3392525
TI  - Address of the president.

PMID- 3392526
TI  - The cold facts. Spontaneous hypothermia.

PMID- 3392527
TI  - Reporting AIDS cases in Louisiana.

PMID- 3392528
TI  - Chronic halitosis from tonsilloliths: a common etiology.

PMID- 3392530
TI  - Regeneration of goldfish retina: rod precursors are a likely source of
      regenerated cells.
AB  - This study describes regeneration of the neural retina in juvenile goldfish. The
      retina was destroyed with an intraocular injection of ouabain, a technique
      introduced by Wolburg and colleagues (Maier and Wolburg, 1979; Kurz-Isler and
      Wolburg, 1982). We confirmed their observation that the level of damage produced
      by the toxin was graded, in that neurons in the inner retinal layers were
      preferentially destroyed, and only in the more severely affected retinas were
      cells in the outer nuclear layer (i.e., photoreceptor cells) damaged. Evidence of
      retinal regeneration could be seen beginning about 2 weeks after the injection of
      ouabain. In contrast to previous studies (Maier and Wolburg, 1979), we found that
      regeneration took place only in those retinas in which photoreceptors had been
      destroyed. In cases in which the outer nuclear layer was spared, no regeneration
      of inner layers occurred, even after 6 months. Thymidine autoradiography was used
      to document the regeneration of new retinal neurons and to show that rod
      precursors, like other dividing cells, were not destroyed by the ouabain, but in
      contrast showed an increased mitotic activity. Regeneration did not proceed
      uniformly, but was initiated at neurogenic foci scattered across the retina.
      These foci consisted of clusters of dividing neuroepithelial-like cells. The
      evidence is consistent with the proposal that these cells were derived from rod
      precursors. These results imply that rod precursors are capable of a wider range
      of developmental fates than they normally express.

PMID- 3392529
TI  - Sex differences in the motor nucleus of cranial nerve IX-X in Xenopus laevis: a
      quantitative Golgi study.
AB  - In the clawed frog (Xenopus laevis), motor neurons in cranial nerve nucleus IX-X
      control contraction of laryngeal muscles responsible for sexually dimorphic vocal
      behaviors. We examined sex differences in dendritic arbors of n.IX-X cells using
      the Golgi-Cox method. Three morphological classes of somal types (ovoid,
      triangular, and elongate) are present in similar frequencies in n.IX-X of both
      males and females. The male n.IX-X neuron is a more complex and hypertrophied
      version of the female n.IX-X cell. The number of primary dendrites is the same
      for both sexes, but males have more total dendritic segments. The overall
      dendritic length of male n.IX-X neurons is two to three times that of the female.
      Males have longer dendritic segments between all branch points. Male and female
      frogs differ in levels of circulating androgens; neurons of n.IX-X are targets
      for androgenic steroids. To determine if androgen can affect dendritic morphology
      in adult females, we examined Golgi-impregnated cells in n.IX-X from
      ovariectomized females treated with testosterone for 1 month. The total number of
      dendritic segments was reduced by androgen treatment due to reduction in the
      number of higher order dendritic segments; the number of primary dendritic
      segments was unchanged. Androgen treatment may induce resorption of higher order
      dendritic branches. The overall dendritic length of androgen-treated female n.IX
      X neurons was unchanged, and dendritic segments were longer. Thus, although
      androgen can alter dendrites of n.IX-X cells in adult females, this short-term
      treatment does not produce a masculine dendritic architecture.

PMID- 3392531
TI  - Effect of sorbinil on myo-inositol metabolism in cultured neuroblastoma cells
      exposed to increased glucose levels.
AB  - Neuroblastoma cells were used to determine the effect of sorbinil on myo-inositol
      metabolism in cells exposed to elevated levels of glucose in culture. Exposing
      cells to elevated levels of glucose led to an increase in levels of intracellular
      sorbitol. The increase in sorbitol levels was dependent on the extracellular
      glucose concentration. In contrast, the myo-inositol content of cells was
      decreased in the presence of increasing concentrations of extracellular glucose.
      Increasing the concentration of glucose in the culture medium caused a decrease
      in myo-inositol uptake and in the incorporation of extracellular myo-inositol
      into phospholipid. The effect of elevated glucose levels on myo-inositol
      metabolism and sorbitol accumulation was blocked by addition of 0.4 mM sorbinil.
      The ability of sorbinil to block the decrease in myo-inositol metabolism and
      sorbitol accumulation caused by 30 mM extracellular glucose was dependent on its
      concentration. Maximal effects were obtained with 0.4 mM sorbinil. However, there
      was some variation in the degree of effectiveness among batches of sorbinil.
      These results at the cellular level suggest that the intracellular accumulation
      of sorbitol is responsible for the alteration of myo-inositol metabolism observed
      in neuroblastoma cells exposed to elevated glucose concentrations.

PMID- 3392533
TI  - Immunological determination of galactosylceramide level in blood as a serum index
      of active demyelination.
AB  - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to determine the level of
      galactosylceramide (GalC) in biological fluids is described. The assay uses GalC
      coated plastic microtiter plates, with binding of an antibody to GalC detected by
      a peroxidase-labeled second antibody. The GalC level was directly estimated in
      the biological samples, without prior extraction, by competition with the coated
      hapten. This method allows the detection of 62 pmol of GalC (1.2 nmol/ml).
      Results using this procedure revealed positive sera only among patients suffering
      a myelin-destructive process: either primary, as in multiple sclerosis, or
      secondary to brain damage, as during ischemic strokes.

PMID- 3392532
TI  - Uptake and release of glycine in the guinea pig cochlear nucleus after axotomy of
      afferent or centrifugal fibers.
AB  - Glycine may be an inhibitory transmitter in the mammalian cochlear nucleus (CN).
      This study attempts to determine if cochlear and/or centrifugal projections to
      the CN use glycine as a transmitter. The high-affinity uptake and electrically
      evoked release of exogenous [14C]glycine were measured in vitro in the three
      major subdivisions of the guinea pig CN: the anteroventral, posteroventral, and
      dorsal cochlear nuclei (AVCN, PVCN, and DCN, respectively). [14C]Glycine (3.4
      microM) was taken up by each subdivision, reaching tissue concentrations six to
      seven times that in the medium. Subsequent electrical stimulation evoked a Ca2+
      dependent release of [14C]glycine from each subdivision. These activities were
      compared in subdivisions fr0m unlesioned animals, and from animals with lesions
      of centrifugal or cochlear projections to the CN. Two knife-cut lesions were made
      to interrupt centrifugal projections to the CN lying in the right acoustic striae
      and trapezoid body. In one group of animals, centrifugal fibers projecting mainly
      to the right AVCN and PVCN were severed, which reduced [14C]glycine uptake and
      release by 44-53% in these subdivisions, but not in the right DCN. In another
      group of animals, fibers projecting mainly to the right PVCN and DCN were
      severed, which reduced [14C]glycine uptake and release by 33-47% in these
      subdivisions, but not in the right AVCN. In CN subdivisions contralateral to
      either lesion there was no significant change in [14C]glycine uptake or release.
      Neither of these lesions altered the uptake or release of D-[3H]aspartate in the
      right or the left CN. Ablation of the left cochlea, which presumably destroyed
      cochlear nerve fibers unilaterally, had no effect on [14C]glycine uptake and
      release. These observations suggest that centrifugal projections contribute a
      proportion of the glycinergic synaptic endings in the CN. In addition, some
      glycinergic endings probably arise from neurons intrinsic to the CN. The cochlear
      nerve contains very few, if any, glycinergic fibers.

PMID- 3392534
TI  - 411B: a monoclonal postsynaptic marker for modulations of synaptic connectivity
      in the rat brain.
AB  - Using 411B, a monoclonal marker raised to chick forebrain postsynaptic densities
      (PSDs), we have been able to demonstrate by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
      that the antigen recognised by this monoclonal exists in brain tissue from adult
      Wistar rats but not in liver, heart, or lung. Moreover, 411B immunoreactivity
      estimated in various cortical and subcortical brain structures exhibited
      remarkable differences. The pattern of subcellular distribution of 411B antiserum
      titre in rats was found to be qualitatively similar to that in day-old chicks,
      indicating an enrichment of the antigen concentration in the PSD fraction by
      about 60 times over that observed in the lysed homogenates. One aim of this study
      was to investigate whether 411B is a useful biochemical marker for plastic
      changes of postsynaptic structures in the rat brain. Antigen was assayed in lysed
      homogenates from various brain regions dissected from dopaminergically
      supersensitive rats. Dopaminergic supersensitivity induced by treating animals
      with haloperidol (1 mg/kg i.p.) for 21 consecutive days resulted in a significant
      increase in the titre of 411B in corpus striatum (+21%) and hippocampus (+45%)
      whereas the titre of Q155, a monoclonal marker for an integral synaptic vesicle
      protein, was unchanged. Our results support the hypothesis that drug-induced
      dopaminergic supersensitivity is based on plastic changes at the postsynaptic
      site. In addition, monoclonal antibody 411B does appear to be a useful tool for
      further investigation of plastic changes occurring in postsynaptic brain
      components.

PMID- 3392535
TI  - Biosynthesis of angiotensinogen and angiotensins by brain cells in primary
      culture.
AB  - This study focuses on the ability of primary rat brain cells in culture to
      synthesize angiotensinogen, angiotensin I, and angiotensin II. HPLC in
      combination with radioimmunoassay was used to characterize these compounds.
      Following incubation with 3H-labeled isoleucine, radioactively labeled
      angiotensinogen with an approximate molecular weight of 25,000 was identified in
      both glial and neuronal cells. Other molecular weight forms of angiotensinogen
      with molecular weights of about 300 and 160,000 were present in both cell types.
      In addition to angiotensinogen, radioactively labeled angiotensin I and
      angiotensin II were also synthesized by neuronal and glial cells. These results
      suggest that glial and neuronal cells can synthesize angiotensinogen, angiotensin
      I, and angiotensin II in a similar manner shown for the peripheral renin
      angiotensin system.

PMID- 3392536
TI  - Effects of the binding of imipramine to erythrocytes and plasma proteins on its
      transport through the rat blood-brain barrier.
AB  - Brain extraction of a tricyclic antidepressant, imipramine, was investigated
      using the carotid injection technique in the rat. The extent to which drug
      binding to plasma proteins and erythrocytes could inhibit the brain extraction
      was measured. Equilibrium dialysis showed that imipramine is highly bound to
      human serum albumin (HSA), alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AAG), lipoproteins, and
      erythrocytes. The free dialyzable drug fraction was inversely related to the
      protein concentration. Despite this degree of binding, no significant reduction
      in the brain extraction of the drug was observed in the presence of HSA,
      lipoprotein, or erythrocytes. Only AAG reduced the brain transport of this drug
      in a ratio related to the protein concentration. However, the rat brain
      extraction was higher than expected from the in vitro measurement of the
      dialyzable fraction. These data indicate that the amount of circulating
      imipramine available for penetration in brain exceeds widely the dialyzable
      fraction of the drug as measured in vitro.

PMID- 3392537
TI  - Purification and characterization of aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase from rat
      kidney and monoclonal antibody to the enzyme.
AB  - Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase was purified from rat kidney to homogeneity,
      as judged by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, in the presence and absence of
      sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The final preparation showed an activity of 3,4
      dihydroxyphenylalanine (dopa) decarboxylation of approximately 11,000 nmol/min/mg
      of protein at 37 degrees C. The purified enzyme also catalyzed the
      decarboxylation of 5-hydroxytryptophan, tyrosine, tryptophan, and phenylalanine.
      The enzyme appeared to be composed of two identical subunits, each possessing a
      molecular weight of 48,000. The isoelectric point of the enzyme was estimated to
      be 6.7 in the presence of 8 M urea and 5.60-5.85 in its absence. To examine the
      identity of aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase from various tissues, a
      monoclonal antibody directed against the enzyme from rat kidney was prepared.
      Immunotitration and analysis by antibody-affinity chromatography followed by SDS
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that the enzymes from the striatum,
      adrenal medulla, pineal gland, liver, and kidney were indistinguishable with
      respect to immunological cross-reactivity and molecular size.

PMID- 3392538
TI  - Excitatory amino acid-evoked release of gamma-[3H]aminobutyric acid from striatal
      neurons in primary culture.
AB  - The actions of excitatory amino acids on the release of previously incorporated
      gamma-[3H]aminobutyric acid ([3H]GABA) were examined in purified (greater than
      93%) striatal neurons derived from the fetal mouse brain and differentiated in
      primary culture. Glutamate, KCl, and veratrine evoked a dose-dependent,
      saturable, and reversible release of [3H]GABA from striatal neurons. Glutamate
      actions were not reduced in the absence of calcium, and were insensitive to
      tetrodotoxin. The dose-response relationships of excitatory amino acids
      demonstrated the following rank order of potency: glutamate greater than
      aspartate = N-methyl-D-aspartate greater than kainate much greater than
      quisqualate. Kainate, however, was the most effective agonist, evoking an
      eightfold increase over baseline levels of [3H]GABA release. Aspartate- and N
      methyl-D-aspartate-evoked release was abolished in the presence of either 2
      aminophosphonovaleric acid or gamma-D-glutamylglycine. Release due to glutamate
      and kainate was partially or ineffectively attenuated by these agents. Glutamate
      , aspartate-, and N-methyl-D-aspartate-evoked GABA releases were augmented when
      calcium was omitted from the bathing medium and reduced when sodium was replaced
      with choline or lithium. Kainate-evoked release was unaffected when calcium was
      omitted, virtually unchanged when choline replaced sodium, and markedly
      potentiated when lithium was substituted for sodium. These findings suggest that
      at least two distinct receptor systems for excitatory amino acids mediate the
      evoked release of [3H]GABA from striatal neurons in primary culture. These two
      systems, aspartate/N-methyl-D-aspartate- and kainate-preferring, are
      distinguishable on the basis of their pharmacological and ionic properties.

PMID- 3392539
TI  - Effects of tetanus toxin on catecholamine release from intact and digitonin
      permeabilized chromaffin cells.
AB  - Tetanus exotoxin inhibited Ca2+-dependent catecholamine secretion in a dose
      dependent manner in digitonin-permeabilized chromaffin cells. The inhibition was
      specific for tetanus exotoxin and the B fragment of tetanus toxin; the C fragment
      had no effect. Inhibition required the introduction of toxin into the cell, and
      was not seen when intact cells were preincubated with the toxin or toxin
      fragments. The degree of inhibition was related to the length of preincubation
      with toxin, as well as the concentration of toxin used. A short preincubation
      with toxin was sufficient to inhibit secretion, and the continued presence of
      toxin in the incubation medium was not required during the incubation with Ca2+.
      The inhibition of secretion by tetanus toxin or the B fragment was not overcome
      with increasing Ca2+ concentrations. Tetanus toxin also inhibited catecholamine
      secretion enhanced by phorbol ester-induced activation of protein kinase C. Thus,
      the toxin or a proteolytic fragment of the toxin can enter digitonin
      permeabilized cells to interact with a component of the Ca2+-dependent exocytotic
      pathway to inhibit secretion.

PMID- 3392540
TI  - Regional differences in the capacity for ammonia removal by brain following
      portocaval anastomosis.
AB  - Portocaval anastomosis (PCA) in the rat leads, within 4 weeks, to severe liver
      atrophy, sustained hyperammonemia, and increased brain ammonia. Because brain is
      not equipped with an effective urea cycle, removal of ammonia involves glutamine
      synthesis and PCA results in significantly increased brain glutamine. Glutamine
      synthetase activities, however, are decreased by 15% in cerebral cortex and are
      unchanged in brainstem of shunted rats. Administration of ammonium acetate to
      rats following PCA results in severe encephalopathy (loss of righting reflex and,
      ultimately, coma). Glutamine concentrations in brainstem of comatose rats are
      increased a further two-fold, whereas those of cerebral cortex are unchanged.
      Consequently, ammonia levels in cerebral cortex reach disproportionately high
      levels (of the order of 5 mM). These findings suggest a limitation in the
      capacity of cerebral cortex to remove additional blood-borne ammonia by glutamine
      formation following PCA. Such mechanisms may explain the hypersensitivity of rats
      with PCA and of patients with portal-systemic shunting to small increases of
      blood ammonia. Disproportionately high levels of brain ammonia in certain
      regions, such as cerebral cortex, may then result in alterations of inhibitory
      neurotransmission and, ultimately, loss of cellular (astrocytic) integrity.

PMID- 3392541
TI  - Occurrence of lipid peroxidation in brain microsomes in the presence of NADH and
      vanadate.
AB  - Oxidation of NADH by rat brain microsomes was stimulated severalfold on addition
      of vanadate. During the reaction, vanadate was reduced, oxygen was consumed, and
      H2O2 was generated with a stoichiometry of 1:1 for NADH/O2, as in the case of
      other membranes. Extra oxygen was found to be consumed over that needed for H2O2
      generation specifically when brain microsomes were used. This appears to be due
      to the peroxidation of lipids known to be accompanied by a large consumption of
      oxygen. Occurrence of lipid peroxidation in brain microsomes in the presence of
      NADH and vanadate has been demonstrated. This activity was obtained specifically
      with the polymeric form of vanadate and with NADH, and was inhibited by the
      divalent cations Cu2+, Mn2+, and Ca2+, by dihydroxyphenolic compounds, and by
      hemin in a concentration-dependent fashion. In the presence of a small
      concentration of vanadate, addition of an increasing concentration of Fe2+ gave
      increasing lipid peroxidation. After undergoing lipid peroxidation in the
      presence of NADH and vanadate, the binding of quinuclidinyl benzylate, a
      muscarinic antagonist, to brain membranes was decreased.

PMID- 3392542
TI  - Influence of dietary choline availability and neuronal demand on acetylcholine
      synthesis by rat brain.
AB  - The main objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that the chronic
      administration of choline supplements a bound pool of choline from which free
      choline can be mobilized and used to support acetylcholine synthesis when the
      demand for precursor is increased. For these experiments, brain slices from rats
      fed diets containing different amounts of choline were incubated in a choline
      free buffer and acetylcholine synthesis was measured under resting conditions and
      in the presence of K+-induced increases in acetylcholine synthesis and release.
      Rats fed the choline-supplemented diet had circulating choline levels that were
      52% greater than the controls, and striatal and cerebral cortical slices from
      this group produced significantly more free choline during the incubation than
      slices from the controls. However, the synthesis and release of acetylcholine by
      these tissues did not differ from those by controls, during either resting or K+
      evoked conditions. In contrast, acetylcholine synthesis and release by striatal
      and hippocampal slices from choline-deficient rats, animals that had circulating
      choline levels that were 80% of control values, decreased significantly; the
      production of free choline by these tissues was also depressed. Results indicate
      that, despite an increased production of free choline by brain slices from
      choline-supplemented rats, the synthesis of acetylcholine was unaltered, even in
      the presence of an increased neuronal demand. In contrast, the choline-deficient
      diet led to a decreased release of free choline from bound stores and an impaired
      ability of brain to synthesize acetylcholine.

PMID- 3392543
TI  - Tetanus toxin and botulinum A and C neurotoxins inhibit noradrenaline release
      from cultured mouse brain.
AB  - Primary nerve cell cultures from the brainstem of embryonic mice take up
      [3H]noradrenaline. Release can be evoked by high K+ or sea anemone toxin II and
      depends on Ca2+. The cultures allow neurochemical studies on the long-term
      actions of clostridial neurotoxins. Tetanus and botulinum A and C neurotoxins
      partially inhibit the absolute and fractional release evoked by high K+, as well
      as the fractional basal release. The detection limit for the toxins is below 5
      pM. Total radioactivity is higher in the poisoned cultures, although the initial
      velocity of uptake is not measurably influenced by tetanus or botulinum A toxin.
      Pretreatment with neuraminidase prevents the effects of botulinum A toxin and
      diminishes those of botulinum C and tetanus toxins. Within 6 days, the cultures
      partially recover from tetanus toxin poisoning. Antitoxin prevents the actions of
      the toxin, but only slightly promotes recovery. The data indicate close
      pharmacological analogies between the clostridial neurotoxins.

PMID- 3392544
TI  - Autoradiographic analysis of [3H]imipramine binding in the human brain
      postmortem: effects of age and alcohol.
AB  - In vitro quantitative autoradiography of high-affinity [3H]imipramine binding
      sites was performed on 16 human brains postmortem. The densities of binding sites
      were highest in the hypothalamus. Next, in descending order, were the basal and
      lateral nuclei of the amygdala; substantia innominata; insular cortex; the
      central nucleus of the amygdala; the anterior nucleus of the thalamus; the head
      of the caudate nucleus; portions of the frontal, parietal, and temporal cortex;
      claustrum; the granular layer of the dentate gyrus; substantia nigra; the
      pyramidal layer of CA fields; globus pallidus; red nucleus; and white matter.
      Imipramine binding was found to increase with age in a region-specific manner.
      The presence of alcohol had a similar effect, which was most pronounced in the
      hippocampus. Sex and time from death to autopsy did not affect imipramine
      binding, in our sample.

PMID- 3392545
TI  - Formation of gamma-amino-beta-hydroxybutyric acid from 2-hydroxyputrescine in rat
      brain.
AB  - gamma-Amino-beta-[3H]hydroxybutyric acid ([3H]-GABOB) was formed in rat brain
      from 2-[3H]-hydroxyputrescine that had been chemically synthesized from 2
      oxoputrescine and [3H]sodium borohydride. After the injection of 2
      [3H]hydroxyputrescine into the lateral ventricle of a rat brain, the rat was
      killed and then the brain was removed. [3H]GABOB in the brain was identified by a
      combination of ion-exchange chromatography, high-voltage paper electrophoresis,
      and recrystallization of the radioactive compound with authentic GABOB.

PMID- 3392546
TI  - Plasma osmolality predicts extracellular fluid catechol concentrations in the
      lateral hypothalamus.
AB  - The lateral hypothalamus has an important role in regulating food and water
      intake. We have investigated the endogenous release of monoamines from the
      lateral hypothalamus during manipulations of plasma osmolality and circulating
      volume. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats implanted with carbon paste in vivo
      electrochemical (EC) electrodes in the lateral hypothalamus were placed on a 72-h
      water deprivation schedule. Although the carbon paste EC electrode has an
      intrinsically ambiguous signal in which changes in ascorbic acid may appear as
      changes in catechol concentrations, pharmacologic studies in lateral hypothalamus
      indicated that the electrode most likely measured norepinephrine and possibly
      epinephrine. On the test day, the EC electrodes were scanned with linear sweep
      voltammetry from -0.2 to +0.4 V at a rate of 5 mV/s. Semiderivative signal
      processing showed catechol and hydroxyindole peaks at +0.11 and +0.23 V,
      respectively. Baseline recordings were made prior to rats drinking distilled
      water, 10% sucrose, 5% dextrose, 0.30% NaCl, 0.90% NaCl, or 10% d-mannitol. To
      control for the act of drinking, other implanted dehydrated rats were
      intraperitoneally injected with 5% dextrose, 0.30% NaCl, or 0.90% NaCl. To
      dissociate the effects of osmolality and circulating volume on the EC response,
      hydrated rats implanted with EC electrodes were subcutaneously injected with 12%
      NaCl or intraperitoneally injected with 35% polyethylene glycol. Other rats
      subjected to water deprivation and osmotic challenges were decapitated and trunk
      blood was collected for measurements of plasma osmolality and hematocrit. Similar
      experiments were conducted using homozygous Brattleboro rats which lack arginine
      vasopressin (AVP) but which preserve normal plasma osmolality with prodigious
      drinking.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3392547
TI  - Decreased metabolism of cerebrosides and sulfatides in rat sciatic nerve after
      intraneural injection of colchicine.
AB  - To obtain an understanding of the importance of the neuronal cytoskeleton in
      Schwann cell metabolism, an antimicrotubular agent (colchicine) was injected into
      the rat sciatic nerve 24 or 48 h before incubation of the nerve with labeled
      precursor: [35S]sulfate, [14C]galactose, or [3H]-galactose. Colchicine inhibited
      the incorporation of 35S radioactivity into sulfatides and, to a lesser extent,
      into proteins. With galactose as the radioactive precursor, synthesis of
      cerebrosides was reduced by colchicine injection, whereas incorporation of
      radioactivity into phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylcholine increased.
      Intraneural injection of lumicolchicine had no effect. The effects of colchicine
      on the metabolism of the Schwann cell are discussed in relation to its action on
      microtubules.

PMID- 3392548
TI  - Synaptic protein tyrosine kinase: partial characterization and identification of
      endogenous substrates.
AB  - The subcellular distribution of protein tyrosine kinase in rat forebrain was
      determined using [Val5]-angiotensin II as exogenous substrate. Enzyme activity
      was present in each of the fractions analyzed and was enriched in synaptic
      membranes (SMs) and the synaptosomal soluble fraction (2.2- and 2.5-fold over the
      homogenate, respectively). SMs also phosphorylated polyglutamyltyrosine (pGT;
      molar ratio of 4:1), the Vmax for angiotensin and pGT phosphorylation being 26.3
      +/- 1.6 and 142 +/- 4 pmol/min/mg, respectively. Extraction of SMs with several
      different detergents resulted in enhanced enzyme activity and the solubilization
      of 33-37% of the angiotensin and 43-70% of the pGT-phosphorylating activity.
      Isolated postsynaptic densities (PSDs) contained tyrosine kinase and
      phosphorylated angiotensin and pGT. The Vmax values for angiotensin and pGT
      phosphorylation by PSDs were 17 +/- 5 and 23 +/- 1 pmol/min/mg, respectively. Six
      putative endogenous substrates for SM tyrosine kinase, with molecular weights of
      205K, 180K, 76K, 60K, 50K, and 45K, were identified. Each of these proteins,
      except p76, was phosphorylated in the detergent-insoluble residue obtained
      following the extraction of SMs with Triton X-100 as well as in PSDs, indicating
      that the postsynaptic apparatus is an active site of tyrosine phosphorylation.
      The phosphorylation of p76 was localized to the Triton X-100 extract and also
      occurred in the synaptosomal soluble fraction. The results indicate that tyrosine
      kinase and its substrates are located in both pre- and postsynaptic compartments
      and suggest a role for this enzyme in synaptic function.

PMID- 3392549
TI  - Effect of high doses of dietary vitamin E on the concentrations of vitamin E in
      several brain regions, plasma, liver, and adipose tissue of rats.
AB  - The object of this study was to assess the influence of high levels of dietary
      vitamin E on vitamin E concentrations in specific areas of the brain. Four-week
      old male rats were fed vitamin E-deficient, control, and high-vitamin E (1,000
      IU/kg) diets for 4 months. Concentrations of alpha-tocopherol in serum, adipose
      tissue, liver, cerebrum, cerebellum, and striatum were determined by liquid
      chromatography with fluorescence detection. In the high-vitamin E group, alpha
      tocopherol concentrations in cerebrum, cerebellum, and striatum increased
      uniformly to 1.4-fold of values in controls; serum, adipose tissue, and liver
      attained even higher concentrations: 2.2-, 2.2-, and 4.6-fold, respectively, of
      control values. As observed before, brain levels of alpha-tocopherol were
      somewhat resistant to vitamin E deficiency, in contrast to the peripheral
      tissues.

PMID- 3392550
TI  - Isatin: identity with the purified endogenous monoamine oxidase inhibitor
      tribulin.
AB  - Purified tribulin, an endogenous monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor, has been
      identified by direct probe insertion mass spectrometry as the indole-2,3-dione,
      isatin. A gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric assay for isatin has been
      developed and used to measure its relatively high concentrations in unpurified
      human urine, and in rat heart and brain. Isatin is a known compound with a broad
      range of biological activity; this is the first report of its presence in the
      animal body. Isatin is a potent inhibitor of MAO, particularly of MAO B (IC50, 3
      microM), and also binds to central benzodiazepine receptors (IC50 against
      clonazepam, 123 microM).

PMID- 3392551
TI  - Use of adult fibroblasts coupled to muramyl dipeptide to induce antitumor
      immunity.
AB  - Murine splenocytes immunized in vitro against syngeneic adult kidney fibroblasts
      coupled sequentially with a glycylglycylcystamide spacer, and the p-nitrophenyl
      ester of muramyl dipeptide developed direct cell-mediated cytotoxicity to the
      immunizing cells which cross-reacted against syngeneic fibrosarcoma cells. These
      results extended previous observations showing the reverse pattern of cross
      reactivity. Derivatized kidney fibroblasts also gave protection in an in vivo
      protection-challenge experiment performed with the tumor cells. A hypothesis is
      presented relating this kind of autoimmunity to tumor immunity.

PMID- 3392552
TI  - Phase I study of recombinant methionyl human consensus interferon (r-metHuIFN
      Con1).
AB  - Consensus interferon (r-metHuIFN-Con1) is the product of a gene constructed to
      code for the most frequent amino acid residues known to occur in subspecies of
      alpha interferons. Twenty-one patients with advanced malignancy entered this
      phase I trial with dosing levels of 3, 7.5, 15, 30, and 45 mcg/m2/day given
      intramuscularly on days 1-5 and 8-10 of each 28-day cycle. The initial dose was
      randomly given by intravenous, intramuscular, or subcutaneous injection to
      facilitate pharmacokinetic studies. Vomiting and diarrhea were dose-limiting at
      45 mcg/m2/day, preventing completion of therapy. Malaise, flu-like symptoms,
      nausea, and headache were frequent but tolerable at a dose of 30 mcg/m2/day.
      Patients were able to escalate to 45 mg/m2/day, suggesting tachyphlaxis to these
      toxicities. The initial distribution phase (T1/2 alpha) was 4.9-9.0 minutes with
      a T1/2 beta of 34-415 minutes in three patients for whom sequential values could
      be determined. r-MetHuIFN-Con1 was absorbed after both subcutaneous and
      intramuscular administration. 2'5'-Synthetase levels increased following
      treatment, although no consistent pattern was noted. One partial response was
      seen in a patient with gastrointestinal carcinoma. The recommended phase II
      starting dose of r-metHuIFN-Con1 is 30 mg/m2/day using this schedule by any of
      these routes of administration.

PMID- 3392553
TI  - Analysis of the molecular organization of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor
      (rTNF) in solution using ethylene glycolbis(succinimidylsuccinate) as the cross
      linking reagent.
AB  - Analysis of chemically cross-linked recombinant human tumor necrosis factor
      (rTNF) on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed the
      presence of three distinct molecular forms which correspond to trimers, dimers,
      and monomers. The cross-linking procedure appeared to enhance the antigenicity of
      these molecular forms of rTNF as determined by Western blot analysis. Cross
      linking was unaffected by 2% Nonidet P-40, high concentrations of human serum
      albumin, or 60% normal human serum. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (0.08%) completely
      abolished the cross-linking of rTNF. This paper demonstrates that rTNF, at a
      concentration as low as 0.8 ng/ml, exists solely in the trimeric form in solution
      under nondenaturing conditions.

PMID- 3392554
TI  - Phase II study of human lymphoblastoid interferon in patients with multiple
      myeloma.
AB  - Interferon has been reported to have activity in the treatment of multiple
      myeloma. We studied 24 myeloma patients treated with human lymphoblastoid
      interferon (Wellferon) by intramuscular injection twice weekly at an initial dose
      of 3 MU/M2 (three patients) or 15 MU/M2 (21 patients). One of 17 evaluable
      patients achieved a partial remission, three others were stable over a 16-week
      period of treatment, and 13 others had progressive disease. Subjective toxicity
      was frequent and substantial, particularly at the 15 MU dose level. Hematologic
      toxicity was mild and reversible. Two patients experienced acute renal failure.
      The low rate of response (6%) and substantial level of toxicity fail to support
      further exploration of these schedules of interferon as a single agent in
      myeloma.

PMID- 3392556
TI  - Factors affecting digoxin action and kinetics.

PMID- 3392555
TI  - Circadian rhythms and timing of digoxin administration.

PMID- 3392557
TI  - The effects of cardiovascular drugs on exercise performance.

PMID- 3392558
TI  - Multisystem crisis: a case study.

PMID- 3392559
TI  - The effect of selected positions on rate pressure product of the postmyocardial
      infarction patient.

PMID- 3392560
TI  - Estrogen receptor versus nuclear grade as prognostic factors in axillary node
      negative breast cancer.

PMID- 3392561
TI  - Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the gastrointestinal tract: an analysis of clinical and
      pathologic features affecting outcome.
AB  - Clinical and histopathologic data from 87 patients with primary non-Hodgkin's
      lymphoma of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract diagnosed between 1974 and 1984 were
      reviewed. B-cell lymphomas of intermediate- or high-grade histology constituted
      78% of lesions. Stage of disease varied with histologic grade, with a
      preponderance of advanced disease (stages IIIE and IV) in patients with low-grade
      lymphoma (15 of 21) (71%), compared with higher grade lesions (38%, P = .01).
      Among patients with nonlocalized (stages IIE through IV) lymphoma of intermediate
      or high-grade histology, surgical resection of the primary focus afforded a
      higher rate of complete remission (CR) (70% v 50%) and sustained CR (61% v 21%, P
      = .04) after cytotoxic therapy compared with the nonresected cohort. The median
      survival in the resected group was 51 months + compared with 13 months in the
      nonresected patients (P = .012). Differences in outcome were attributable to a
      high risk of treatment-related complications (perforation and/or hemorrhage) (43%
      v 0%, P = .001) and local relapse (29% v 4%, P = .05) in nonresected individuals.
      Life-threatening local complications were not observed in patients with low-grade
      lymphoma managed solely with medical therapy. Histologic findings from surgically
      staged patients identified presence of extravisceral disease and intermediate- or
      high-grade tumor histology as features predictive of transmural invasion,
      enabling potential identification of patients who might be optimally managed by
      resection of the primary GI focus before initiation of cytotoxic therapy.

PMID- 3392562
TI  - Combined modality therapy for tumor stage mycosis fungoides: results of a 10-year
      follow-up.
AB  - Twenty-one patients with tumor stage mycosis fungoides (MF) with or without lymph
      node (LN) involvement, were treated with total skin electron beam irradiation
      (TSEB) followed by six monthly cycles of systemic chemotherapy (CT) of either
      mechlorethamine (HN2) or cyclophosphamide (CTX) with vincristine (VCR),
      procarbazine, and prednisone (PRD) (COPP or MOPP). All patients had complete
      clearing of the skin after TSEB. However, while receiving chemotherapy, two
      patients developed visceral involvement and eight patients relapsed with limited
      cutaneous plaques (LCP). The median duration of remission was 12 months from the
      completion of TSEB, and all patients relapsed with cutaneous plaques within 25
      months. Complete remission was again achieved using additional electron
      irradiation and maintenance therapy in all but one patient. Multiple cutaneous
      recurrences occurred in all patients. Median survival from the initiation of TSEB
      is 6 years. Five patients are living beyond 8 years (four off treatment without
      disease for 1 to 7 years). LN involvement did not influence initial response or
      survival. Combined modality therapy for tumor stage MF using TSEB followed by
      systemic CT and subsequent maintenance therapy may lead eventually to prolonged
      disease-free survival (DFS) in selected patients.

PMID- 3392563
TI  - Treatment results of juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma.
AB  - Treatment results for 36 patients with juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma treated
      from 1942 through 1985 at the University of California, San Francisco, were
      reviewed. Twenty-two tumors were located in the posterior fossa, 10 were in the
      hypothalamic region, and four were in the cerebral hemispheres. Twenty-eight
      patients were less than 18 years of age. The overall survival rate was 83% and
      70% at 10 and 20 years, respectively. All 12 patients who had total tumor
      resection remain disease-free; only two of the 12 received postoperative
      irradiation. The 10- and 20-year freedom-from-progression for the 19 patients who
      had incomplete resection and received at least 40 Gy of postoperative irradiation
      was 74% and 41%, respectively. All patients who failed treatment had local
      recurrence. One patient developed diffuse meningeal seeding, after four local
      recurrences in the posterior fossa over a 23-year period. Six patients failed
      treatment and had a repeat biopsy at the time of recurrence or at postmortem
      examination, and three showed histological progression of the tumor to an
      anaplastic astrocytoma. Based on this study and others in the literature, a
      protocol has been adopted whereby patients who have total tumor resection are not
      treated with postoperative irradiation. Patients who have incomplete tumor
      resection and are older than 3 years of age are currently treated with
      postoperative partial-brain irradiation, to a dose of 45 to 60 Gy. In general,
      young children with incomplete resection are followed closely with computerized
      tomography or magnetic resonance imaging and are treated with chemotherapy or
      irradiation if tumor progression is documented.

PMID- 3392564
TI  - Recurrent spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormalities in children.
AB  - Spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormality is a well-known entity in the
      pediatric age group. Age-related elasticity of the vertebral ligaments as well as
      immaturity of the osseous structures in the pediatric spine allow momentary
      subluxation in response to deforming forces. The resultant neurological injuries
      range from transient dorsal column dysfunction to complete cord transection.
      Between 1960 and 1985, 42 such injuries were treated at the Children's Hospital
      of Pittsburgh. Management of these radiographically occult spinal cord injuries
      consisted of cervical immobilization for 2 months in a hard collar and
      restriction of contact sports. Recurrent cord injury occurred in eight cases
      during the 2-month immobilization period. A clearly defined traumatic episode was
      identified in seven of the eight patients, although in four children the
      recurrent trauma to the spine was trivial. Five of the children removed their
      collars briefly before the second injury, and two children incurred reinjury with
      the hard collar in place. The remaining child was too young for hard-collar
      immobilization, and recurrent neurological deterioration occurred during sleep.
      Serial flexion-extension films failed to detect frank instability in any of the
      eight cases. The children most susceptible to reinjury were those who sustained
      mild or transient neurological deficits from an initial cord injury and who
      rapidly resumed normal activities. Radiographically occult spinal instability
      resulting from the initial injury to the vertebral and paravertebral soft tissues
      presumably made these children vulnerable to recurrent spinal cord injury, often
      from otherwise insignificant trauma. During the last 21 months, 12 additional
      children have been managed with a more stringent protocol combining neck
      immobilization in a rigid cervical brace for 3 months and restriction of both
      contact and noncontact sports, together with a major emphasis on patient
      compliance. With this new protocol, no recurrent cord injuries have been
      documented.

PMID- 3392565
TI  - Tentorial meningiomas: surgical experience with 61 cases and long-term results.
AB  - The authors report their experience and long-term results in the surgical
      treatment of 61 tentorial meningiomas. These cases were operated on between 1951
      and 1985 and represented 4.8% of all intracranial meningiomas operated on in that
      period. The mean duration of clinical history was 29 months, except for cases of
      meningioma of the posteromedial border, for which it was 5 years. Plain x-ray
      films and cerebral angiograms were obtained in all cases. Computerized
      tomography, performed in the last 20 cases (32.7%), supplied much better lesion
      topography and early diagnosis. The tumor site was posterolateral in 26 cases
      (42.6%), anterolateral in 14 (22.9%), posteromedial in eight (13.1%), at the free
      border in seven (11.4%), and in the tentorium itself in six (9.8%). Lateral and
      medial tumors with solely or mainly supratentorial development were approached
      from above. The approach from below was reserved for meningiomas with
      subtentorial involvement only. In meningiomas with both supra- and subtentorial
      growth, a supratentorial bone flap was combined with a suboccipital craniectomy
      using a retromastoid incision. The mortality rate was 9.8%. Of the remaining 42
      patients, who were followed for at least 5 years, long-term results were good in
      26 cases (61.9%), fair in 11 (26.2%), and poor in five (11.9%). Postoperative
      complications arose in 34% of the patients, but cleared in 27%.

PMID- 3392566
TI  - Cerebrospinal fluid diversion in the treatment of benign intracranial
      hypertension.
AB  - Thirty-six patients from a consecutive series of 41 patients with benign
      intracranial hypertension (BIH) were treated by cerebrospinal fluid shunting. In
      12 patients this was selected as the primary treatment due to the severe
      deterioration of vision or concern regarding the possible adverse effects of
      steroids; all 12 patients showed rapid and complete resolution of the disease,
      although eight patients still have a shunt in place. In 24 patients a shunt was
      inserted when other forms of treatment failed; all of these patients showed rapid
      resolution of the condition, although 20 patients still have a shunt in place.
      Three patients had the shunt removed without sequelae, and one patient in whom
      the shunt was removed because of low-pressure symptoms remains symptomatic with
      persistent papilledema (over 6 years). The percutaneous lumboperitoneal (LP)
      shunt was associated with the lowest revision and complication rates. Cisternal
      shunting to either the atrium or pleural cavity was next most effective, whereas
      valved LP shunts inserted via a laminectomy were least effective; ventricular
      shunts were used in only two cases. Shunting is therefore very effective in the
      treatment of BIH, but the significant complication rate and the possibility of
      inducing shunt dependence must be recognized.

PMID- 3392567
TI  - MR imaging as predictor of delayed posttraumatic cerebral hemorrhage.
AB  - The occurrence of delayed traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage or hematomas was
      predicted in four patients by T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. From
      June, 1986, through February, 1987, 42 patients with head injury were admitted to
      the Neurosurgical Service of the Seirei Mikatabara General Hospital. Cerebral
      contusion was suspected in six of these patients. Although the initial
      computerized tomography (CT) scans showed no cerebral parenchymal lesion, the
      initial symptoms were more serious than might have been expected from the initial
      CT findings and/or because their initial CT scans showed intracranial
      extracerebral hemorrhage. In all six, the initial CT scans were obtained within 2
      hours after the injury and were followed by MR imaging. In four patients, T2
      weighted MR images revealed areas of increased signal intensity in the cerebral
      parenchyma, where hemorrhagic changes were subsequently demonstrated by follow-up
      CT scans. In the remaining two, T2-weighted MR images showed no parenchymal
      lesion and subsequent CT scans confirmed the absence of hemorrhagic change; these
      two patients were discharged from the hospital without neurological deficits. It
      is concluded that MR imaging is useful in predicting delayed hemorrhages.

PMID- 3392568
TI  - Effects of nifedipine on intracranial pressure in neurosurgical patients with
      arterial hypertension.
AB  - The effects of nifedipine, 20 mg administered via a nasogastric tube, on
      intracranial pressure (ICP) and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) were examined.
      Nifedipine was administered to treat arterial hypertension (greater than 180 mm
      Hg, systolic). Ten measurements were made in eight patients with cerebrovascular
      disease or head trauma. The mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) and ICP were
      measured before and for 30 minutes after the administration of nifedipine. The
      MABP gradually decreased and reached its lowest value at approximately 10 minutes
      after initiation of nifedipine administration, and thereafter remained unchanged.
      The MABP decreased significantly from 128 +/- 8 (mean +/- standard deviation) to
      109 +/- 7 mm Hg, and the CPP decreased from 105 +/- 11 to 84 +/- 10 mm Hg. The
      ICP increased by 1 to 10 mm Hg in eight of 10 measurements, and the mean change
      of ICP from 19 +/- 7 to 22 +/- 6 mm Hg was statistically significant. These
      changes were not accompanied by alterations in neurological signs. The results
      suggest that enteral nifedipine produces a small but statistically significant
      increase in ICP. Accordingly, neurological signs must be closely observed to
      detect deterioration, which can be caused by an increase in ICP and/or a decrease
      in CPP.

PMID- 3392569
TI  - Dural ectasia and the Marfan syndrome.
AB  - The not-uncommon spinal abnormalities associated with Marfan's syndrome rarely
      undergird clinical problems, and neurological features accompanying such bone
      abnormalities are rare. In such unusual circumstances it is a widened vertebral
      canal that attracts attention: the substrate of such widening is dural ectasia
      with bone erosion, presumably due to hydraulic forces operating via the
      cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). When neural symptoms or findings do occur they may be
      related to stretching and traction mechanisms. This study of a symptomatic
      patient defined with reasonable clarity the abnormal anatomy, and some
      neurological symptom relief was achieved by attempting to alter the CSF dynamics.
      The relevant literature has been sampled to elucidate the condition.

PMID- 3392570
TI  - Potentiating effects of extraluminal oxyhemoglobin to intraluminal 5
      hydroxytryptamine in isolated canine internal carotid arteries.
AB  - The interaction between oxyhemoglobin (oxyHb) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) was
      investigated in an experimental model of isolated canine internal and common
      carotid arteries with insertion of stainless steel cannulae. Extraluminal
      application of 10(-5) M oxyHb induced marked and long-lasting vasoconstriction in
      the internal carotid but not in the common carotid arteries. The 5-HT-induced
      vasoconstriction was potentiated significantly in both the internal and common
      carotid arteries. These potentiations were not influenced by the presence or
      absence of endothelium, a finding which was confirmed by vascular responses to
      intraluminal acetylcholine. It is concluded that the interaction between
      extraluminal oxyHb and intraluminal 5-HT may be one of the possible etiological
      factors behind the chronic phase of vascular spasm following subarachnoid
      hemorrhage.

PMID- 3392571
TI  - The fine anatomy of the human spinal meninges. A light and scanning electron
      microscopy study.
AB  - The fine anatomy of the human spinal meninges was examined in five postmortem
      spinal cords taken within 12 hours after death from patients aged 15 months to 46
      years. Specimens of spinal cord were viewed in transverse section and from the
      dorsal and ventral aspects by scanning electron microscopy. Transverse sections
      of spinal cord and meninges were also examined by light microscopy. The arachnoid
      mater was seen to be closely applied to the inner aspect of the dura. An
      intermediate fenestrated leptomeningeal layer was observed attached to the inner
      aspect of the arachnoid mater and was reflected ventrally to form a series of
      dorsal septa. As it arborized laterally over the surface of the cord to surround
      nerves and blood vessels, the intermediate layer became highly fenestrated but
      remained distinct from the pia and arachnoid mater. The pia mater appeared to
      form a continuous layer which was reflected off the surface of the cord to coat
      blood vessels within the subarachnoid space in a manner similar to that described
      in the leptomeninges over the human cerebral cortex. Each dentate ligament
      consisted of a collagenous core which was continuous with the subpial connective
      tissue and was attached at intervals to the dura; pia-arachnoid cells coated the
      surface of the dentate ligaments. The present study suggests that the fine
      anatomy of the human spinal meninges differs significantly from that described in
      other mammals.

PMID- 3392572
TI  - Castleman's disease of the leptomeninges. Report of three cases.
AB  - Castleman's disease is a rare, benign lymphoproliferative disorder that usually
      arises in lymph nodes, most commonly in the mediastinum. The authors report the
      clinical and pathological features of three patients with localized Castleman's
      disease of the leptomeninges. There were two women, aged 63 and 82 years, and one
      25-year-old man. Two patients had progressive focal motor seizures of 3 and 24
      months' duration, and the third patient presented acutely with generalized
      seizures. The clinical diagnosis was meningioma in each case, based on
      computerized tomography scans, cerebral arteriography, and the operative
      findings. All three lesions arose in the leptomeninges, compressed the underlying
      cerebral cortex, and infiltrated the overlying dura to a variable extent.
      Surgical excision of the tumor resulted in marked clinical improvement in all
      three patients. Histologically, two cases were classified as the hyaline-vascular
      type and one as the plasma cell type. Immunohistochemical stains of the latter
      case revealed a monoclonal population of mature plasma cells. Only a few
      scattered polyclonal plasma cells were seen in the other two cases. The authors
      conclude that Castleman's disease involving the leptomeninges is a rare disorder
      that may mimic meningioma clinically and radiographically.

PMID- 3392573
TI  - Pineoblastoma with an unusually long survival. Case report.
AB  - The authors report a case of pineoblastoma with a 9-year follow-up period after
      stereotaxic biopsy, a shunting procedure, and radiotherapy. Light and electron
      microscopic studies of biopsy and autopsy specimens revealed no cell
      differentiation of the pineoblastoma. The possible factors predisposing to long
      survival are discussed in comparison with the course in patients with
      medulloblastoma.

PMID- 3392574
TI  - Cavernous hemangioma of the optic nerve. Case report.
AB  - A case of cavernous hemangioma of the optic nerve of a 24-year-old pregnant woman
      is reported. The visual disturbance with subacute onset was thought to be related
      to the delivery of a child. The lesion was totally removed through the subfrontal
      approach, resulting in satisfactory recovery of visual symptoms. Cavernous
      hemangioma involving the optic nerve and chiasm is extremely rare. Only two
      similar cases have been reported previously.

PMID- 3392575
TI  - Leptomeningeal spread of intramedullary spinal cord tumors. Report of three
      cases.
AB  - Three patients with intramedullary spinal cord tumors and secondary
      leptomeningeal spread of their tumors are presented. Two patients had
      astrocytomas and one had a ganglioglioma. Two tumors were located in the cervical
      spinal cord and one within the thoracic spinal cord. Review of the past and
      recent literature shows leptomeningeal dissemination of spinal cord tumors to be
      relatively rare, but it should be suspected and investigated in any patient whose
      condition deteriorates following removal of a spinal cord neoplasm.

PMID- 3392576
TI  - Angiography during treatment of cerebral lesions.

PMID- 3392577
TI  - Deterioration after lumbar puncture below spinal block.

PMID- 3392578
TI  - Anatomy of lumbosacral spinal nerve roots.

PMID- 3392579
TI  - Pitfalls in establishing the diagnosis of deep venous thrombophlebitis by indium
      111 platelet scintigraphy.
AB  - Forty-seven 111In-platelet scintigraphs (In-PS) were analyzed retrospectively to
      identify sources of diagnostic error and to optimize the diagnostic criteria for
      active deep venous thrombophlebitis (DVT). The results of In-PS were compared
      with contrast venography, additional diagnostic studies, and clinical outcome.
      Three patterns of platelet localization emerged as the best predictors of active
      DVT: (a) focal or (b) linear 4-hr localization, or (c) an asymmetric blood-pool
      pattern on 4-hr imaging that evolved into a focal or linear pattern by 16 to 24
      hr. All false-positive studies had abnormal patterns confined to the inguinal
      region at 24 hr. All patients with false-negative studies had received heparin
      between 4 and 24 hr. The potential pitfalls encountered in the evaluation of the
      iliac, femoral, and popliteal veins are reviewed and the importance of delayed
      imaging in selected cases is emphasized.

PMID- 3392580
TI  - Detection of malignant melanoma with iodine-123 iodoamphetamine.
AB  - Iodoamphetamine (IMP) was shown by in vitro assay to have a high uptake by human
      melanotic melanoma cells, as compared to amelanotic melanoma cells. Eleven
      patients with proven malignant melanoma (MM) and 3 normal subjects were imaged at
      2-4 hr and 16-24 hr after the i.v. injection 5 mCi (185 MBq) of [123I]IMP. One
      patient had a recurrent tumor that was subsequently shown to be squamous cell
      carcinoma. The index lesion was not visualized in the three patients with
      amelanotic melanomas. The index lesion/lesions were visualized in six of the
      seven other patients, except for 4/16 nodules in one patient. The seventh patient
      had a large, necrotic melanotic tumor that was not visualized, but an unsuspected
      lesion in the iliac nodes was detected. Multiple unsuspected lesions were
      detected in a second patient. While many lesions were seen at 2-4 hr, all lesions
      (other than a patient with small bowel disease) were seen best at 16-24 hr. No
      eye uptake was observed in any patient or control subject. Testicular uptake was
      seen in all males at 16-24 hr. Iodine-123 IMP appears to be a useful agent for
      the detection and follow-up of patients with melanotic MM.

PMID- 3392582
TI  - Myocardial metabolism of radioiodinated methyl-branched fatty acids.
AB  - Methylated fatty acids labeled with radioactive iodine have been proposed as a
      means of studying regional myocardial uptake of fatty acids in man. To
      investigate the methylated fatty acid that is best adapted for an assessment of
      uptake, we have studied the influence of the number and the position of the
      methyl groups of IFA intracellular metabolism; 16-iodo-2-methyl-hexadecanoic
      (mono-alpha), 16-iodo-2,2-methyl hexadecanoic (di-alpha), 16-iodo-3-methyl
      hexadecanoic (mono-beta), and 16-iodo-3,3-methyl-hexadecanoic (di-beta) acids
      were injected into the coronary arteries of isolated rat hearts. Intracellular
      analysis shows that the degradation of mono-alpha was always lower than that of
      IHA and the storage was always much higher. The differences between mono-beta and
      IHA were similar to those observed with mono-alpha, but were much more
      pronounced. With the two dimethylated IFAs there was an inhibition of both
      oxidation and esterification which led to an accumulation of free FAs in
      myocardial cells. In conclusion, mono-beta, di-alpha, and di-beta are potentially
      suitable for studying the cellular uptake of IFA since all of them, and
      particularly the dimethylated IFAs, have a low oxidation rate.

PMID- 3392581
TI  - Thrombus imaging with indium-111 and iodine-131-labeled fibrin-specific
      monoclonal antibody and its F(ab')2 and Fab fragments.
AB  - We have previously reported successful imaging of fresh (2-4 hr old) and aged (1
      5 days old) canine thrombi with 131I-labeled intact monoclonal antibody (MAb)
      specific for fibrin. We now report thrombus imaging with 131I-labeled F(ab')2 and
      Fab and 111In-labeled intact MAb, F(ab')2, and Fab. Indium-111-labeled F(ab')2
      proved to be the best imaging agent due to less nonspecific binding in the liver
      than whole IgG. Image quality was improved by the higher administered dose
      permissible with 111In and its better physical characteristics for imaging,
      compared to 131I. Immunofluorescence of fresh human histologic sections showed
      intact MAb and F(ab')2 binding to thrombi, pulmonary emboli, and atherosclerotic
      plaques, strengthening the feasibility of clinical thrombus imaging.

PMID- 3392583
TI  - In vivo kinetics of canine leukocytes labeled with technetium-99m HM-PAO and
      indium-111 tropolonate.
AB  - Two weeks after the introduction of osteomyelitis in three dogs, autologous
      leukocytes were dual-labeled with both [99mTc]HM-PAO and [111In]tropolonate, and
      reinjected. Blood sampling and imaging were then performed. Two weeks later, the
      same dogs received simultaneous injections of singly-labeled [99mTc]WBC and
      [111In]WBC for comparison. For both studies, blood samples were drawn over 6 hr
      to determine the respective blood clearance half-time (TB) and % recovery (%R0)
      of cell-bound radioactivity. There were no significant differences in the average
      TB results of the 99mTc and 111In groups, either within or between the dual- and
      singly-labeled studies. The %R0 of singly-labeled [99mTc]WBC was about half that
      of the other groups (p less than 0.01); however, this difference was attributed
      to the dissimilar radiochemical purity of the [99mTc]HM-PAO reagents. Region of
      interest analysis of the 6 and 24 hr images revealed no significant differences
      between either cell label in the relative or absolute in vivo uptake at known
      sites of osteomyelitis, noninfected surgery, and normal bone marrow.

PMID- 3392584
TI  - Bone healing during lower limb lengthening by distraction epiphysiolysis.
AB  - A study of limb lengthening by distraction epiphysiolysis in the rabbit tibia is
      presented. A special external distraction device was developed that allowed 10 mm
      lengthening of the leg. Bone formation in the elongated zone was studied by
      computed tomography and [99mTc] methylene diphosphonate (MDP) scintigraphy.
      Computed tomography showed bone formation proceeding for several weeks after the
      end of the distraction period, followed by a decrease in the amount of bone
      during a remodeling phase leading to the formation of a solid cortical structure.
      The uptake of [99mTc]MDP increased parallel to, but preceeding the actual
      accretion of bone, followed by a decrease during the bone remodeling phase.
      Uptake of the tracer will partly reflect bone metabolism, but other factors, like
      trauma, determine much of the uptake.

PMID- 3392585
TI  - Iodine-131-labeled fibronectin: potential agent for imaging atherosclerotic
      lesion and thrombus.
AB  - Fibronectin is known to interact with fibrin, collagen, etc. We have labeled
      fibronectin with 131I, and measured its accumulation in the deendothelialized
      lesion in the rabbit aorta to evaluate it as a candidate for imaging
      atherosclerotic lesions and thrombi. Accumulation of [131I] fibronectin in the
      deendothelialized lesion was apparent at 48 hr, and increased at 72 hr after
      injection of the agent. Our results indicate that radiolabeled fibronectin may be
      a useful tracer for imaging early atherosclerotic lesion and thrombus.

PMID- 3392586
TI  - Diffusing capacity is not measurably affected by routine lung perfusion scanning.
AB  - Lung scanning with radiolabeled macroaggregated albumin (MAA) has caused
      cardiovascular collapse and death in patients with extensive pulmonary vascular
      disease. These adverse reactions have been suggested to be secondary to MAA
      embolic occlusion of a significant portion of the remaining pulmonary
      circulation. The single breath diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (SBDLCO) is
      heavily dependent on the status of the pulmonary microcirculation and is reduced
      in clinical pulmonary embolism. The effect of MAA particles on the lung
      microcirculation was measured by SBDLCO in 11 patients undergoing clinically
      indicated lung perfusion scanning. SBDLCO was measured before and immediately
      after injection of 256,000 to 448,000 20-40 micron particles of [99mTc]MAA. Mean
      SBDLCO prior to injection was 18.9 +/- 1.7 (s.e.m.) and immediately after
      injection was unchanged at 19.0 +/- 1.6 ml/min/mmHg. The lowest pre-injection
      SBDLCO values were 11.5 and 6.2 ml/min/mmHg (54% and 28% of predicted,
      respectively); in neither of these patients was there a detectable change in
      SBDLCO measured after injection of MAA. Thus occlusion of as many as 448,000 20
      40 micron pulmonary vessels by MAA is without detectable impact on the transfer
      of carbon monoxide even in patients with sufficient pulmonary disease to lower
      the SBDLCO to 28% of predicted.

PMID- 3392587
TI  - Effects of gating modes on the analysis of left ventricular function in the
      presence of heart rate variation.
AB  - Variations in cardiac cycle length during ECG-gated radionuclide ventriculography
      cause errors in measurement of left ventricular (LV) diastolic function. We used
      a computer model to investigate the relative accuracy of forward gating (FG),
      backward gating (BG), and three methods of combined forward-backward gating
      (FBG). LV time-activity curves (TAC) were simulated with total cycle lengths
      randomly varied (1 s.d. = +/- 10%). To match the known differential effects of
      cycle-length variation on various parts of the cardiac cycle, 90% this variation
      was placed in diastasis and 10% in the rapid filling phase. Three hundred cycles
      of TACs were summed to form one "study". A total of 25 studies were performed and
      systolic and diastolic parameters were determined for each. These were compared
      to those of the mean length TAC. With a 20% cycle-length acceptance window, error
      in peak filling rate by FG was 0.7% root-mean-squared (RMS) compared to 18.5% RMS
      by BG. With a 5% window, RMS error by FG was 0.2% and 2.4% RMS by BG. Combined
      FBG algorithms gave intermediate results. We conclude that the simplest and most
      accurate method of analysis is to acquire forward gated TACs with appropriate
      cycle-length windows.

PMID- 3392588
TI  - Indium-111 in breast milk following administration of indium-111-labeled
      leukocytes.

PMID- 3392589
TI  - Quantitation of iodine-124 contamination in iodine-123 radiopharmaceuticals:
      characterization of a second dose calibrator.

PMID- 3392590
TI  - Adverse reactions to technetium-99m methylene diphosphonate.

PMID- 3392591
TI  - Kinetics of interstitially administered monoclonal antibodies for purposes of
      lymphoscintigraphy.

PMID- 3392592
TI  - Effect of dietary salmon oil feeding on rat heart lipid status.
AB  - For 2 mo rats were fed a salmon oil diet (12.5%, wt/wt) supplemented with 4.5%
      (wt/wt) corn oil, a corn oil diet (17%, wt/wt) or a low fat diet (4.4%, wt/wt).
      Cardiac lipids were analyzed and fatty acid composition of phosphatidylcholine
      (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) was determined. Ventricular biopsies were
      taken for ultramicroscopic examination. Serum cholesterol, triglyceride,
      phospholipid and vitamin E concentrations were significantly lower in rats fed
      salmon oil than in those fed the other two diets, whereas serum transaminases and
      vitamin A were not significantly affected. Cardiac protein, phospholipid,
      triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations were unaffected by diet. Cardiac
      phospholipid composition remained unchanged and no significant changes in lyso-PC
      or lyso-PE levels were observed. However, the salmon oil diet produced a markedly
      lower n-6/n-3 ratio in both PE and PC than in the other two diets. This was the
      result of replacement of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), primarily 20:4n
      6 with n-3 PUFA, primarily 22:6n-3. The unsaturation index of PC and PE was
      higher with the salmon oil diet than with the other two diets. Ventricular
      biopsies of rats fed salmon oil showed mild lipid accumulation associated with
      some lipofuscin-like material. It is suggested that, in rat heart, fish oil led
      to a moderate accumulation of lipids, the composition of which may include long
      chain monounsaturated fatty acids and a degradative form of peroxidized lipids.

PMID- 3392593
TI  - Effects of various dietary levels of selenium as selenite or selenomethionine on
      tissue selenium levels and glutathione peroxidase activity in rats.
AB  - Weanling rats were fed a basal diet or this diet plus 0.2, 1.0, 2.0 or 4.0 mg/kg
      selenium (Se) as either selenite or selenomethionine (SeM). Except at the 0.2
      mg/kg Se level, Se accumulated in all tissues at higher levels when SeM was fed
      than when selenite was given, and the magnitude of difference became more
      pronounced with increasing levels of dietary Se. This was particularly true for
      muscle and brain. Se levels in whole blood, testes, kidney and lungs were not
      significantly different between rats fed 0.2 mg/kg Se as selenite or as SeM, but
      the Se levels in liver, muscle and brain were higher in rats fed SeM. Although
      the tissue Se concentrations differed markedly, there were no differences in the
      glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity in tissues of rats fed SeM rather than
      selenite. The percentage of Se associated with GPX was lower in all tissues from
      rats fed SeM than in those from rats fed selenite. These results indicate that
      the chemical forms of dietary Se can have a marked influence on biological
      responses, including bioavailability of dietary Se.

PMID- 3392594
TI  - Effect of selenium repletion on glutathione peroxidase protein level in rat
      liver.
AB  - We have previously reported that liver glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px, EC
      1.11.1.9) protein level and activity decrease exponentially during Se deficiency.
      To determine the effect of Se repletion on these parameters, Se-deficient rats
      were repleted with 0.1 or 0.5 mg Se/kg diet as Na2SeO3 in a 30% torula yeast
      based diet and were killed 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 or 14 d later. GSH-Px protein was
      quantitated using anti-GSH-Px antibodies. Dietary repletion with 0.5 mg Se/kg
      diet increased GSH-Px protein and activity significantly (P less than 0.05) after
      1 d. After 5 d for GSH-Px protein and 7 d for activity the rate of increase
      slowed, and at d 14 neither GSH-Px protein nor activity was significantly
      different from that of Se-adequate rats. Repletion with 0.1 mg Se/kg diet did not
      significantly increase GSH-Px protein or activity until 14 d. To examine the
      short-term effect of Se repletion, Se-deficient rats were injected intravenously
      with 15 or 60 micrograms Se as Na2SeO3 and killed 1, 3, 6, 12 or 24 h later. Only
      rats injected with 60 micrograms Se and killed 24 h later had a significant
      increase in GSH-Px activity along with a marginally significant increase in GSH
      Px protein. These response curves indicate that homeostatic processes control the
      level of GSH-Px. The lack of an increase in GSH-Px until 24 h after Se
      administration implies that additional metabolic events after a rise in cellular
      Se may be necessary prior to an increase in GSH-Px synthesis in Se-deficient
      rats.

PMID- 3392595
TI  - Role of copper in the regulation and accumulation of superoxide dismutase and
      metallothionein in rat liver.
AB  - Weanling male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed one of four diets that varied in Cu,
      Zn or Cd content. To the control diet (I) Cu, Zn and Cd were added at 10, 100 and
      0 mg/kg diet, respectively. Diets II and III also contained 10 mg/kg of dietary
      Cu, except that Zn was elevated to 1000 mg/kg for diet II, or Cd was added at 10
      mg/kg for diet III. Diet IV was deficient in Cu (less than 1 mg/kg) with Zn at
      100 mg/kg and no added Cd. At wk 6 postweaning, half of the rats fed diets I and
      IV were injected once with Cd acetate (5 mg Cd/kg body weight). The immediate
      response to Cd injection was an increase in metallothionein accumulation (three-
      to fourfold) and in Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) accumulation (1.2- to 1.5
      fold) in liver. SOD was estimated in an ELISA. These responses were not
      influenced by a change in Cu status (I vs. IV). However, in functional assays,
      SOD enzymatic activity was about half that of the control values. In this regard,
      SOD appears to be given high priority with respect to the utilization of cellular
      Cu, i.e., a 10-fold reduction in hepatic Cu only resulted in a twofold reduction
      in SOD activity and the amount of apoenzyme remained at normal levels.

PMID- 3392596
TI  - Influence of ethanol consumption on maternal-fetal transfer of zinc in pregnant
      rats on day 14 of pregnancy.
AB  - The hypothesis that a biochemical lesion underlying the development of fetal
      alcohol syndrome is an ethanol-induced reduction in placental zinc transfer was
      tested. Placental zinc transfer was assessed in control and ethanol-fed dams on d
      14-15 of pregnancy. Litters from ethanol-fed dams were characterized by a high
      resorption frequency and fewer live fetuses per litter than litters from control
      dams. In addition, fetuses from the ethanol-fed dams weighed less than control
      fetuses. However, despite the negative effects of ethanol intake on litter
      outcome, placental and fetal retention of 65Zn was similar in the two groups.
      Therefore, an ethanol-induced fetal zinc deficiency does not seem to have a role
      in the production of the gross structural malformations associated with fetal
      alcohol syndrome when adequate zinc is provided in the diet.

PMID- 3392597
TI  - Role of compensatory gain in Eimeria acervulina-induced liver copper accumulation
      in chicks.
AB  - An investigation was conducted to determine whether the Eimeria acervulina
      induced increase in liver Cu accumulation in chicks is the result of compensatory
      gain that accompanies the recovery phase of infection. In experiment 1, chicks
      inoculated one time with 1 X 10(6) sporulated E. acervulina oocysts had a faster
      rate of compensatory gain than chicks inoculated serially on three occasions with
      4 X 10(5) oocysts. However, liver Cu accumulation was nearly identical for the
      two infection regimes. In experiment 2, rate of compensatory gain and liver Cu
      accumulation was compared in 1) ad libitum-fed chicks; 2) restricted-fed chicks
      fed 40% of ad libitum intake followed by ad libitum intake; 3) coccidiosis
      infected chicks, 1 X 10(6) oocysts on d 2 of the experiment; and 4)-6) the same
      as 1)-3), respectively, but fed 500 mg Cu/kg diet. Restricted-fed chicks had a
      higher rate of compensatory gain than coccidiosis-infected chicks. Liver Cu
      accumulation was sixfold higher in coccidiosis-infected chicks than in restricted
      fed chicks, however. In addition, liver Cu accumulation of the control
      (uninfected) chicks and the 40% restricted-fed chicks was identical. Thus
      compensatory gain during the recovery phase of coccidiosis is not responsible for
      the coccidiosis-induced increase in liver Cu accumulation.

PMID- 3392598
TI  - Effects of cassava variety and processing on energy and protein digestibility and
      utilization by young children.
AB  - Two varieties of cassava, processed as Nigerian fermented flour (gari) or as
      Brazilian flour (farinha), were fed to two groups of eight infants and young
      children, each group receiving both forms of one variety, with preceding,
      intervening and following casein control diets. The flours provided 50% of diet
      energy, with casein added to make 8% energy as protein, vegetable oils to make
      20% as fat and corn syrup solids and sugar to make 72% carbohydrate (CHO) energy.
      Fecal wet weight increased (P less than 0.05) from approximately 100 g/d (casein
      diets) to means (+/- SD) of 202 +/- 72, 171 +/- 58, 154 +/- 46 and 190 +/- 67
      g/d; dry weights from means of 14.7-18.3 g/d to means of 22.9-24.4 g/d (P less
      than 0.05); fecal energy from means of 50-60 kcal/d to means of 89-94 kcal/d (P
      less than 0.01); fetal fat was generally not affected; and fecal CHO nearly
      tripled (P less than 0.01) from approximately 4 to 12 g/d. Apparent nitrogen
      absorptions and retentions from the cassava + casein diets were modestly lower
      than from casein diets. Rates of weight gain were very variable and not
      significantly different by diet; serum albumin levels were essentially unchanged.
      The results with these flours were indistinguishable from each other and from
      those previously found with freeze-dried cassava flour in otherwise identical
      diets. Variety and processing method had no effect on the digestibility of
      cassava starch and oligosaccharides and on the great resistance to digestion and
      the water-holding capacity of cassava fiber.

PMID- 3392601
TI  - Nutrient-response relationships and saturation kinetics.

PMID- 3392600
TI  - Growth of Dunning transplantable prostate adenocarcinomas in rats fed diets with
      various fat contents.
AB  - The effects of dietary fat concentration (5 vs. 20% corn oil, 0.5 vs. 20% corn
      oil and fat-free vs. 20% corn oil) on the growth of the Dunning R3327-H (hormone
      sensitive, well-differentiated, slow-growing) and R3327-150 (hormone-insensitive,
      anaplastic, rapidly growing) transplantable prostate tumor sublines were studied
      in Copenhagen x Fisher F1 male rats. Rats fed 5 vs. 20% corn oil or 0.5 vs. 20%
      corn oil showed no differences in either R3327-H or R3327-150 tumor growth. Fat
      free diets had no effect on the growth of R3327-150 tumors. However, the mean
      weight of the R3327-H tumor at necropsy, 16 wk after implantation, was reduced by
      40% in rats fed a fat-free diet compared with 20% corn oil (P less than 0.05).
      Energy intake, weight gain and the weight of the pituitary and prostate glands in
      rats bearing either tumor was lower in rats fed the fat-free diet than in those
      fed the 20% corn oil diet. There were no differences in serum prolactin,
      pituitary prolactin or serum testosterone associated with dietary fat
      concentration in any study. In summary, no differences in transplantable prostate
      tumor growth were seen over a wide range of lipid intake (0.5-20%), although a
      fat-free diet reduced the growth of the R3327-H prostate adenocarcinoma.

PMID- 3392599
TI  - Urinary ascorbic acid levels following the withdrawal of large doses of ascorbic
      acid in guinea pigs.
AB  - Male guinea pigs received sodium ascorbate solution [equivalent to 1 g ascorbic
      acid/(kg body weight.d)] by intraperitoneal injection for 4 wk. During the
      ascorbic acid treatment period, plasma and urinary ascorbic acid levels rose
      markedly. Three weeks after the ascorbic acid treatment was withdrawn, mean
      urinary ascorbic acid levels were significantly lower than their corresponding
      basal levels. At both 2 and 5 wk after withdrawal of ascorbic acid treatment,
      mean plasma ascorbic acid levels were below normal. The results indicate that
      these animals had experienced a transient withdrawal effect after administration
      of large doses of ascorbic acid that lasted about 1 wk. This, in turn, indicates
      that the rate of ascorbic acid turnover was probably increased during treatment,
      and this effect persisted even after the ascorbic acid was withdrawn. Examination
      of data from each individual experimental animal revealed that the pattern of
      urinary ascorbic acid excretion after the withdrawal of large doses of ascorbic
      acid varied from animal to animal. Among the twelve experimental guinea pigs,
      seven had abnormally low urinary ascorbic acid levels 2-4 wk after the withdrawal
      of the large doses of ascorbic acid.

PMID- 3392602
TI  - Regulation of essential fatty acid intake in the rat: self-selection of corn oil.
AB  - The present investigation was conducted to determine if rats can recognize the
      essential fatty acid (EFA) in the diet. Weanling rats were pre-fed a 30%
      hydrogenated coconut oil (30HCO) diet containing 1% cholesterol for 2 or 4 weeks
      to produce EFA deficiency, then allowed to choose between the fat-free (FF) diet
      and the 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0% corn oil diet, and between the 0.5% HCO diet and 0.5%
      corn oil diet. Rats pre-fed the 30HCO diet for 2 weeks selected the corn oil
      containing diets for a few days at the beginning of the experiment, but the rats
      pre-fed for 4 weeks could not recognize the EFA-containing diet. The non pre-fed
      animals continued to prefer the EFA-containing diet for about 2 weeks. From these
      results we could demonstrate that rats have a mechanism to distinguish the EFA in
      their diet, but this EFA selection ability was only in the early period of the
      experiment, and diminished soon after.

PMID- 3392603
TI  - Alpha-tocopherol and inhibition of cytolysis in glutathione-depleted hepatocytes
      in primary culture.
AB  - Treatment of cultured rat hepatocytes with 10 microM 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene
      (CDNB) resulted in an acute loss of cellular glutathione (GSH) within 30 min and
      a marked increase in spontaneous lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage to the
      culture medium after 24 h, with obvious cellular degeneration as viewed by phase
      contrast microscopy. Simultaneous treatment of the cells with alpha-tocopherol
      markedly protected the cells not only against LDH leakage but cellular
      degeneration in a dose-dependent manner. The EC50 of alpha-tocopherol was 0.1
      microM, ca. 200 times less than normal plasma levels in the rat. In response to
      the inhibitory effects of alpha-tocopherol on the cytolysis as measured by LDH
      leakage, GSH biosynthesis was stimulated by CDNB, and cellular GSH levels
      returned to control levels. The recovery was inhibited by 0.2 mM buthionine-SR
      sulfoximine (BSO), a specific inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase.
      However, the stimulation of GSH biosynthesis apparently was not essential for the
      protection from cytolysis by GSH depletion during the experimental period,
      because treatment with 0.2 mM BSO and 20 microM tocopherol completely protected
      the cells against the lysis induced by BSO up to 32 h without cellular GSH
      recovery. The results suggest that alpha-tocopherol may be a primary natural
      inhibitor of the cytolysis induced by xenobiotics which consume the cellular GSH
      in vivo.

PMID- 3392604
TI  - Effects of active oxygen scavengers on the peroxidation of linoleic acid
      catalyzed by dehydro-L-ascorbic acid or its degradation products.
AB  - The addition of 1,4-diazabicyclo-[2,2,2]octane (DABCO) (100 mM) or 1,2
      dihydroxybenzene-3,5-disulfonic acid (Tiron) (1 mM) to a reaction mixture
      containing 10 mM linoleic acid (LA), 20% EtOH, and 135 microM dehydroascorbic
      acid (DHA) as a catalyst suppressed LA peroxidation, but the addition of mannitol
      (approximately 100 mM), uric acid (100 microM), and catalase (6.5 units) did not.
      DHA or 2,3-diketo-L-gulonic acid (DKG) accelerated LA peroxidation, but the
      splitting products of DHA did not affect LA peroxidation. These results suggest
      that some specific radicals are liberated in the degradation of DHA or DKG.

PMID- 3392605
TI  - Effect of a formulation of supplementary food for pregnant women on birth weight
      of newborns.
AB  - The effect of a supplementary food mix prepared from roasted mungbean,
      groundnuts, and sugars on maternal nutrition and birth weight of newborns was
      studied. The results indicated that supplementary food provided to the pregnant
      women had a significantly positive effect on the birth weight of newborns. In
      addition, a significantly higher weight gain by the mothers was observed as
      compared to the control group.

PMID- 3392606
TI  - Decreases in spleen weight and blood leucocytes number with long-term feeding of
      oxidized oil in mice.

PMID- 3392607
TI  - Cholesterol metabolism in inherently scorbutic rats (ODS rats).
AB  - We observed the cholesterol metabolism of a colony of Wistar rats with a
      hereditary defect in vitamin C synthesizing ability (the ODS (osteogenic disorder
      Shionogi) rats) in six kinds of experiments. Female ODS rats aged 36 days had a
      low HDL (high-density lipoprotein)-cholesterol level in serum as compared with
      age-matched control rats in spite of the absence of scorbutic symptoms. Female
      ODS rats aged 63 days which revealed severe scorbutic symptoms had a very low HDL
      cholesterol level (mean value; 17 mg/dl). And male ODS rats, whose lives had been
      prolonged by supplementing with L-ascorbic acid, also had lower serum HDL
      cholesterol and had increased total cholesterol in serum and liver when the acid
      supplement dose was relatively insufficient. On the other hand, we examined HDL2-
      and HDL3-cholesterol levels in serum to determine the mechanism of low HDL
      cholesterol. As a result, we observed a low HDL2-cholesterol level in ODS rats
      but normal HDL3-cholesterol level. But the authors observed no decrease of LCAT
      (lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase) activity in serum of ODS rats. These
      results could be due to disturbance of lipid metabolism in a vitamin C-deficient
      condition, that is to say, there might be abnormalities of the cholesterol
      excretion pathway of bile acid from liver, and maturity of the HDL-cholesterol
      particle due to other factors except that of LCAT activity.

PMID- 3392608
TI  - The effect of high calcium and/or high protein diet on bone growth in growing
      rats kept at high ambient temperature.
AB  - The effects of high calcium and/or high protein diet on bone growth were examined
      in growing rats kept at high ambient temperature. Thirty-five Wistar strain male
      rats aged 45 days were divided into 5 groups; room temperature, 24 degrees C and
      a normal diet (CN), 34 degrees C and a normal diet (HN), 34 degrees C and a high
      calcium diet (HCa), 34 degrees C and a high protein diet (HPr), and, 34 degrees C
      and a high calcium-protein diet (HCaPr). The animals were given the same amount
      of feed. On day 35 of experiment, blood and femurs were collected from all rats.
      Physical traits, calcium and phosphorus contents of right femur were measured.
      The number of chondrocyte and the thickness of epiphyseal growth plate were
      measured in distal epiphysis of left femur. Alkaline phosphatase activities and
      protein contents were measured in the homogenate of proximal epiphysis and
      diaphysis of left femur. Ultrafiltrable calcium concentrations and total
      concentrations of calcium and phosphorus were measured in serum. None of the
      treatments significantly affected the elongation and densities of calcium and
      phosphorus in femur. The bone growth in width was reduced at high ambient
      temperature and high protein diet furthermore reduced the bone growth in width at
      high ambient temperature. Total calcium and phosphorus concentrations were lower
      in serum at high ambient temperature. Total calcium concentration in serum was
      increased by high calcium diet and decreased by high protein diet in hot
      environment, while ultrafiltrable calcium concentration in serum tended to be
      higher at high temperature.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3392610
TI  - Growth inhibitor of calcium oxalate monohydrate crystal in vitamin B6-deficient
      rat urine and kidney.
AB  - Urinary and renal inhibitory activities of calcium oxalate monohydrate crystal
      growth in normal or vitamin B6-deficient rats were investigated. Renal inhibitory
      activity in vitamin B6-deficient rats was lower than that in normal rats. Renal
      inhibitory activity in vitamin B6-deficient rats was about 74% of normal level.
      Urinary inhibitory activity did not show a significant difference between normal
      and vitamin B6-deficient rats.

PMID- 3392609
TI  - Mineral contents in model diet samples for different age groups.
AB  - Model diet samples of eight groups (3, 16, 40, and 70 years old for both sexes),
      were analyzed for sodium, potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc,
      manganese, aluminum, copper, barium, nickel and molybdenum by using inductively
      coupled plasma atomic-emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Mineral intakes for 3 year
      olds were lower than those of other age groups because total food consumption was
      less. The intake of major elements, Na, K, P, Ca, and Mg, varied within about 20%
      of each other. The intake of other elements except aluminum fluctuated within 30%
      or more of each other. For most of the elements studied, the mineral intakes of
      40-year-old males agreed within 16% with results previously obtained by a
      duplicated portion study.

PMID- 3392611
TI  - Effect of branched-chain amino acid on 15N incorporation into liver and skeletal
      muscle proteins following [15N]-ammonium chloride administration to carbon
      tetrachloride-intoxicated rats.
AB  - The effect of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) on protein synthesis and nitrogen
      metabolism in liver and skeletal muscle was evaluated by an intraperitoneal
      injection of [15N]ammonium chloride (15NH4Cl) to carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)
      intoxicated rats. The 15NH4Cl was bolusly injected at a dose of 6 mg/100 g body
      weight one hour after an amino acid solution containing leucine and valine (150
      mM each, abbreviated as BCAA), phenylalanine and alanine (150 mM each, PA), 120
      mM leucine and 30 mM valine (Leu-rich) or 120 mM valine and 30 mM leucine (Val
      rich) was administered intragastrially at a dose of 2.5 ml each/100 g body
      weight. The 15N-enrichment in the protein fraction of the liver was higher in
      CCl4-BCAA group than CCl4-PA group. The Leu-rich solution was found more
      effective in enhanced incorporation of 15N into liver and skeletal muscle
      proteins. The disappearance rate of [15N]urea from the plasma, which was
      influenced by the synthesis from 15NH3 and the excretion into urine, was much
      faster in the CCl4-BCAA group than CCl4-PA group. In Leu-rich group, both 15N
      incorporation into non-protein fraction of skeletal muscle and disappearance rate
      of plasma urea-15N were greater than those in Val-rich group. The results suggest
      that BCAA, particularly leucine, has beneficial effects on protein synthesis and
      ammonium detoxification in liver-injured rats.

PMID- 3392612
TI  - Effects of dose levels of autoxidized linoleic acid on the drug-metabolizing
      system in rat liver.
AB  - Autoxidized linoleic acid (AL) having 800 meq/kg of peroxide value and 1,700
      meq/kg of carbonyl value was given in repeated oral doses at a daily dose of 0
      (control)--7.5 ml/kg to male Wistar rats for 5 successive days. The effect of
      increasing AL dose on the drug-metabolizing system was investigated in rat liver
      microsomes and S-9 fractions. All the rats of a daily dose of 5.0-7.5 ml/kg died
      after the third day of consecutive oral doses. The cytochrome P-450 and b5
      contents, enzyme activities in electron transfer system, aminopyrin-N-demethylase
      activity and S-9 activity (metabolic activation of 2-acetylaminofluorene) in the
      drug-metabolizing system changed essentially in a similar manner, that is, both
      the contents and the activities were increased by a small dose of AL, and were
      decreased by a large dose of AL. These results strongly supported the findings in
      a previous report wherein we observed the periodical effect of AL dose on the
      drug-metabolizing system.

PMID- 3392613
TI  - Methylene chloride and cancer of the pancreas.

PMID- 3392614
TI  - Occupational injuries due to violence.
AB  - Each year in the United States, an estimated 800 to 1,400 people are murdered at
      work, and an unknown number of nonfatal injuries due to workplace violence occur.
      Based on Ohio's workers' compensation claims from 1983 through 1985, police
      officers, gasoline service station employees, employees of the real estate
      industry, and hotel/motel employees were found to be at the highest risk for
      occupational violent crime (OVC) injury and death. Grocery store employees,
      specifically those working in convenience food stores, and employees of the real
      estate industry had the most reported rapes. Four previously unidentified
      industries at increased risk of employee victimization were described.
      Identification of industries and occupations at high risk for crime victimization
      provides the opportunity to focus preventive strategies to promote employee
      safety and security in the workplace.

PMID- 3392615
TI  - Exponential models for analyses of time-related factors, illustrated with
      asbestos textile worker mortality data.
AB  - In any study based on an occupational cohort, it is important to consider the
      variation in risk factors over time. Cumulative exposure is the most important
      time-related factor for exposure-response analyses, whereas other time-related
      factors such as age at risk, year at risk, and length of follow-up may be
      confounders and effect modifiers. This paper examines the family of exponential
      models which can be used for time-related analyses of studies based on an
      occupational cohort. Analyses using Poisson regression, the proportional hazards
      model, and the logistic model are presented, and their interrelationships
      explored. These models are illustrated with data from a cohort study of lung
      cancer mortality among asbestos textile plant workers. All three approaches
      yielded similar effect estimates. In particular, Poisson regression and the
      proportional hazards model yielded very similar findings, but Poisson regression
      has some conceptual and computational advantages.

PMID- 3392617
TI  - AIDS and breast milk.

PMID- 3392616
TI  - Occupational risk of prostate cancer: a cancer registry-based study.
AB  - Previous studies have suggested that certain occupational groups may be at
      increased risk for prostate cancer. A cancer registry-based case-control study
      was conducted to investigate possible associations between various occupations
      and the risk of prostate cancer among 1,239 case subjects and 3,717 age-matched
      control subjects. Elevated relative risk estimates were observed for farmers,
      mechanics, sheet metal workers, separating machine operators, and for men
      employed in several manufacturing industries. These findings are discussed in the
      context of previous studies, and suggestions for future research are provided.

PMID- 3392618
TI  - The ethical voice of nursing--I can't hear it, can you?

PMID- 3392619
TI  - Human immunodeficiency virus and precautions for obstetric, gynecologic, and
      neonatal nurses.
AB  - All obstetric, gynecologic, and neonatal nurses need to protect themselves from
      exposure to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The Centers for Disease
      Control's recommendations for the handling of blood and other body fluids of all
      patients are presented. Examples of body fluids are identified, and some
      suggestions for protection from HIV infection are listed. Some products and their
      suppliers are identified, and information about testing and resources is
      provided.

PMID- 3392620
TI  - Stressors on the childbearing family.
AB  - Bronfenbrenner's model of the ecology of human development is used as a framework
      for organizing and examining research on stressors in childbearing families. The
      stressors identified are classified using the four systems in the model. The
      patterns that emerge are used to identify trends for research and to suggest
      appropriate nursing interventions from each system that may be used by nurses in
      their care of childbearing families.

PMID- 3392621
TI  - The needs of families of infants discharged home with continuous oxygen therapy.
AB  - Forty-four parents of 48 infants who had been discharged home with continuous
      oxygen therapy described their experiences, needs, and resources in a
      semistructured interview. In addition, 20 professionals in contact with these
      infants were interviewed to determine their perceptions of discharge
      preparations, teaching, relief care, coordination of medical care, and expertise
      of community professionals regarding high-risk infants on oxygen. Both the
      professionals and parents reported a need for improved discharge teaching and
      community support services. Researchers concluded that individual needs must be
      considered in arranging supportive interventions, as needs vary across families,
      time, and geographic locations.

PMID- 3392622
TI  - The dynamic characteristics of the circumvaginal muscles.
AB  - Circumvaginal muscle (CVM) maximum pressure was studied as related to the
      postpartal period, parity, type of birth, episiotomy, age, breastfeeding,
      physical activity, body mass, stress urinary incontinence, and orgasm in a sample
      of 98 healthy postpartal and nonpostpartal women. Circumvaginal muscle pressure
      tracings were obtained from these women using a pressure-sensitive, intravaginal
      balloon device. Correlations between circumvaginal muscle maximum pressures and
      episiotomy, age, breastfeeding, physical activity, body mass, stress urinary
      incontinence, and orgasm were either not significant or only weakly significant.
      However, Duncan's multiple range test showed differences in the maximum pressures
      between groups (nulliparous, parity greater than 0, cesarean delivery, and
      vaginal delivery) and indicated that vaginal birth has a marked weakening effect
      on the circumvaginal muscles.

PMID- 3392623
TI  - Prevention of nipple tenderness and breast engorgement in the postpartal period.
AB  - A study was conducted to identify an effective preparation method for
      breastfeeding and to develop measurement tools for nipple tenderness and breast
      engorgement for use in a clinical setting. Twenty-five subjects served as their
      own controls by preparing one nipple and massaging one breast, either the left or
      right, but not the other breast or nipple. Nipple tenderness and breast
      engorgement were recorded on five-point scales. Analysis of the data revealed
      that tenderness and engorgement were decreased in the prepared, massaged breast.

PMID- 3392625
TI  - Marijuana--an update.

PMID- 3392624
TI  - Initial differences in postpartum attachment behavior in breastfeeding and bottle
      feeding mothers.
AB  - Nurses frequently assume that breastfeeding mothers are more attached to their
      infants than bottle-feeding mothers. The researchers observed 15 breastfeeding
      and 15 bottle-feeding mothers using the Avant maternal-infant attachment tool.
      The scores of the two groups were compared and no significant differences were
      found. The study results and limitations of this study and recommendations for
      future research are discussed.

PMID- 3392626
TI  - A survey on disclosure of marijuana use to health care professionals.

PMID- 3392627
TI  - Treatment of marijuana dependence: preliminary results.

PMID- 3392628
TI  - Chemotaxis of peripheral blood and lung leukocytes obtained from tobacco and
      marijuana smokers.

PMID- 3392629
TI  - Effect of habitual smoking of marijuana alone and with tobacco on nonspecific
      airways hyperreactivity.

PMID- 3392630
TI  - Acute and chronic effects of marijuana smoking compared with tobacco smoking on
      blood carboxyhemoglobin levels.

PMID- 3392631
TI  - Bronchial pathology in chronic marijuana smokers: a light and electron
      microscopic study.

PMID- 3392633
TI  - Two decades of marijuana attitudes: the more it changes, the more it is the same.

PMID- 3392632
TI  - Psychosociocultural perspectives on chronic cannabis use: the Costa Rican follow
      up.
AB  - The social standing of marijuana use in Costa Rica becomes important as one
      examines the results of this study. Before 1968, marijuana use itself defined
      Costa Rican consumers of the drug as lower class. Its coming to fashionability
      among Costa Rican upper-middle-class youths during the late 1960's and early
      1970's temporarily blurred marijuana's class identification. Nevertheless, the
      lower-class users' dress, speech and style of use kept them distinct from these
      youths. In 1986, working-class users participating in the present intensive study
      still occupied the lowest positions in the Costa Rican social strata. Their
      marijuana use does not appear to be a major factor in blocking upward mobility.
      The social stations in which users were raised were more powerful in determining
      their present fates than taking up or not taking up marijuana use. Users speak
      the language differently, employing a mix of lexical changes and wordplay to keep
      the decent Costa Ricans out of their clandestine business. Smokers of marijuana
      also dress differently from other Costa Ricans and tend to live in disreputable
      barrios, according to the stereotype. The Costa Rican image of a marijuana smoker
      is one of a streetwise, corrupt and uncomfortably distinctive character who is
      not to be trusted. The main problem in assessing the relationship between
      marijuana use and the human condition of marijuana users is the pervasive
      influence of the general social disapproval of marijuana smoking in Costa Rican
      society.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3392634
TI  - Is marijuana law enforcement racist?

PMID- 3392636
TI  - Assessment of bone mineralization in infants. Proceedings of a symposium.
      December 4-5, 1987.

PMID- 3392635
TI  - Peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations and mitogen responsiveness in tobacco
      and marijuana smokers.

PMID- 3392637
TI  - Some remarks on bone mineralization.

PMID- 3392638
TI  - Measurement of humerus and radius bone mineral content in the term and preterm
      infant.
AB  - We compared two anatomic sites for single-photon absorptiometric measurement of
      bone mineral content (BMC) in term and preterm infants. The distal one third of
      the radius and the midportion of the humerus were evaluated for measurements of
      BMC with an unmodified, commercially available bone densitometer. We assessed
      reproducibility of BMC and bone width (BW) measurements and defined normal at
      birth ranges of BMC, BW, and BMC/BW ratio for infants with gestational ages of 24
      to 42 weeks. Humerus BMC correlated with gestational age, birth weight, and BW of
      patients and did not differ from humerus BMC values determined over the same
      range of gestational ages at another center. Representative serial measurements
      of two very low birth weight (VLBW) infants are presented to demonstrate the
      feasibility of using humerus BMC in longitudinal studies to assess changes in
      bone mineralization. We conclude that bone densitometer measurements of mid
      humerus BMC can be successfully performed and are preferable to similar
      measurements of the radius for VLBW infants. Normal humerus BMC values were
      defined for use in diagnosis and evaluation of the efficacy of treatment in VLBW
      infants who are at high risk of developing osteopenia of prematurity.

PMID- 3392640
TI  - Bone mineral content in term infants fed human milk, cow milk-based formula, or
      soy-based formula.
AB  - Bone mineral content (BMC) of the midportion of the humerus was measured with the
      Norland model 278 bone densitometer in 31 term infants fed human milk (9 inants),
      cow milk-based formula (11 infants), or soy protein-based formula (11 infants)
      over the first year of life. Serum and urine minerals, vitamin D, 25
      hydroxyvitamin D, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D were measured to ensure that intake
      of minerals and vitamin D was not limiting. Mineralization was similar in all
      three groups. Over the first year, BMC had a significantly positive slope.
      However, BMC appeared to increase during the first 4 months, plateau at 6 months,
      and then resume an increasing pattern. Bone width (BW) increased steadily over
      the first year; therefore the BMC/BW ratio actually dropped at around 6 months.
      The BMC was also correlated with body length. "Average density," which was
      calculated by the formula BMC/pi (BW/2)2, showed a steady decline as age
      increased. The ratio of BMC to body length over the first year may be an option
      for comparing individual data to normal data when growth is abnormal. Uncorrected
      BMC is recommended as a measurement for the infant growing normally; attempts to
      calculate average density are discouraged.

PMID- 3392639
TI  - Bone mineral content of infants fed soy-based formula.
AB  - We compared the results of two studies that measured the bone mineral content
      (BMC) of 57 infants fed soy-based formula and 27 infants fed human milk or cow
      milk-based formula at various ages from 2 weeks to 1 year. In a study by Chan et
      al., the BMC of 40 white infants fed soy-based formula and 10 infants (of
      unstated race) fed human milk was measured at 2 weeks and at 2 and 4 months of
      age. The infants fed soy-based formula also had BMC measured at 6 and 12 months;
      the BMC of these infants was compared to the BMC of human milk-fed historical
      control subjects. The BMC was similar at 2 weeks in both groups but was lower in
      infants fed soy-based formula than in human milk-fed infants at 2 and 4 months.
      The BMC was similar in historical control subjects fed human milk and in soy
      formula-fed infants at 6 and 12 months. In the Steichen-Tsang study, the BMC of
      17 soy formula-fed infants and of 17 white infants fed cow milk-based formula was
      measured at 6 weeks and at 3, 6, and 12 months of age. The BMC was similar at 6
      weeks in both groups but was lower in infants fed soy-based formula than in those
      fed cow milk-based formula at 3, 6, and 12 months. The BMC of the historical
      control group fed human milk and of the soy formula-fed infants was also similar.
      In the first year of life, the BMC of infants fed soy formula and those fed human
      milk appears to be similar, especially after 6 months of age. However, the BMC of
      infants so fed may be lower than that of infants fed cow milk-based formula.

PMID- 3392641
TI  - Effect of mineral supplementation of human milk on bone mineral content and trace
      element metabolism.
AB  - We studied the effect of feeding mineral fortified human milk to preterm infants
      (birth weight less than or equal to 1500 gm). Serum concentrations of calcium,
      magnesium, phosphorus, zinc, cooper, alkaline phosphatase, and parathyroid
      hormone were determined, and bone mineral content was measured, in infants fed
      unfortified human milk (group 1), fortified human milk (group 1), fortified human
      milk (group 2), and a "humanized," mineral-enriched premature infant formula
      (group 3). Serum calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, zinc, copper, and parathyroid
      hormone concentrations did not differ significantly among the groups studied.
      Serum alkaline phosphatase concentrations increased significantly only in the
      infants fed unfortified human milk, and bone mineral content in this group was
      significantly lower than in formula-fed infants.

PMID- 3392642
TI  - Calcium and phosphorus requirements in bone mineralization of preterm infants.
AB  - We studied postnatal bone mineralization, as measured by photon absorptiometry,
      in 36 preterm infants (birth weight less than 1600 gm) who were fed (1) a
      commercial premature formula containing 117 mg calcium and 58.8 mg phosphorus per
      100 kcal, (2) the same formula containing a higher concentration of phosphorus
      (82 mg/100 kcal), (3) the same formula with higher concentrations of calcium (140
      mg/100 kcal) and phosphorus (82 mg/100 kcal), or (4) their mother's milk. Serum
      calcium, phosphorus, protein, albumin, bicarbonate, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and
      alkaline phosphatase levels were measured at the start of the study and every 2
      weeks until the infants achieved a weight of 1900 gm. Birth weights and
      gestational ages were similar in all four groups. The human milk group had lower
      serum phosphate and bone mineral values than those in the three formula groups.
      Bone mineral content was similar in the three formula groups. However, only the
      formulas of the first and third groups allowed approximation of the intrauterine
      bone mineralization curve. Bone mineral content in infants fed human milk was
      below the intrauterine rate.

PMID- 3392644
TI  - Should a promotion hinge on a BSN? Case study.

PMID- 3392645
TI  - Should a promotion hinge on a BSN? An AD faculty responds: leaders need
      education.

PMID- 3392643
TI  - Mineral balance studies in very low birth weight infants fed human milk.
AB  - Mineral homeostasis often is disrupted in the very low birth weight (VLBW) infant
      fed either human milk or commercial formula that contains insufficient quantities
      of available calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P). Alterations in mineral homeostasis
      include abnormal patterns of serum (Ca and P concentrations and alkaline
      phosphatase activity) and urine (Ca and P) biochemical markers, low net Ca and P
      retentions in comparison with intrauterine estimates of mineral accretion, and
      decreased bone mineral content. A two-phase study was conducted in our laboratory
      to test for these alterations in mineral homeostasis. In phase 1, VLBW infants
      fed a preparation of fortified human milk (either human milk-derived fortifier I
      or II or cow milk-derived fortifier) or cow milk-based formula specially designed
      for VLBW infants were evaluated during their hospitalization. In phase 2, after
      hospitalization, these infants were evaluated during the first 6 months of life
      when fed either their mother's milk or routine formula exclusively. The
      bioavailability of Ca and P from the tested preparations varied widely. Although
      the fortification of human milk resulted in both an improved biochemical pattern
      and net retention of Ca and P, optimal intrauterine mineral accretion was not
      achieved in any group tested. Longitudinal assessments of bone mineralization, by
      single photon absorptiometry, demonstrated that human milk-fed former VLBW
      infants had reduced bone mineral content. These investigations suggest that
      former VLBW infants fed human milk exclusively may be at risk for Ca and P
      deficiencies.

PMID- 3392646
TI  - Should promotion hinge on a BSN? A BSN faculty responds: is promotion really the
      issue?

PMID- 3392647
TI  - Should promotion hinge on a BSN? A lawyer responds: fight discrimination.

PMID- 3392648
TI  - Should promotion hinge on a BSN? The nurse responds: always more to learn.

PMID- 3392649
TI  - Overturning Roe v. Wade: the long road ahead.

PMID- 3392650
TI  - Electrophysiological and behavioral effects of ethanol on crayfish.
AB  - The effects of EtOH on the crayfish Procambarus clarkii and P. simulans were
      examined behaviorally in vivo and electrophysiologically in vitro on pre- and
      postjunctional mechanisms of synaptic plasticity at opener excitor nerve-muscle
      junctions. Addition of 75 mM EtOH to the bath water of holding tanks produced 47
      to 54 mM EtOH levels in the hemolymph (blood) within 24 hr. These hemolymph EtOH
      levels were maintained for weeks by daily changes of the bath water containing 75
      mM EtOH. After 24 hr of exposure to 75 to 150 mM EtOH in vivo, crayfish showed
      behavioral signs of intoxication as measured by a significant increase in
      righting reflex times and a significant decrease in tail-flip escape behavior.
      After 2 weeks of chronic exposure to 75 mM EtOH, crayfish showed behavioral
      tolerance as measured by a decrease in righting time and an increase in tail-flip
      escape behavior to control levels. EtOH applied acutely to opener nerve-muscle
      preparations in vitro at 10 to 100 mM concentrations produced an increased
      probability of transmitter release as measured by an increased frequency of
      spontaneous release of transmitter quanta and an increased amplitude of
      facilitated synaptic potentials evoked by 10 to 40 Hz stimulation of the excitor
      axon. Acute application of 300 to 600 mM EtOH resulted in a decreased amplitude
      of facilitated synaptic potentials due primarily to a decrease in postsynaptic
      input resistance. These data suggest that EtOH has a concentration-dependent
      biphasic effect on synaptic transmission.

PMID- 3392652
TI  - Reinforcing effects of caffeine in humans.
AB  - The reinforcing and subjective effects of caffeine were studied under double
      blind conditions in 12 normal humans. After 2 forced exposure days on which
      subjects received color-coded capsules containing either caffeine (100, 200, 400
      or 600 mg) or placebo, subjects had a choice day on which they chose which one of
      the two types of color-coded capsules would be ingested. Subjects were exposed to
      10 experimentally independent choices (i.e., involving exposure and choice
      between novel color-coded capsule conditions) at each of several dose levels. All
      forced exposure and choice opportunities occurred when subjects were overnight
      abstinent from their normal dietary caffeine intake (mean, 116 mg/day).
      Significant caffeine positive reinforcement was demonstrated in 5 of 12 subjects
      at one or more doses. Percentage of selection of caffeine was inversely related
      to dose, with four subjects showing significant caffeine avoidance at 400 and/or
      600 mg. Choice behavior was correlated positively with feelings of contentedness
      and was correlated negatively with prestudy trait anxiety scores and with ratings
      of capsule disliking. Compared to placebo, caffeine produced increases in
      subjective ratings indicating arousal while producing decreases in headache and
      "craving" for caffeine-containing foods, even at the lowest dose of 100 mg. At
      higher doses caffeine produced dysphoric anxiety-like subjective effects.
      Overall, this study provides the first demonstration in humans of the positive
      reinforcing effects of caffeine alone (i.e., in capsules) and documents
      individual differences among normal subjects in both caffeine positive
      reinforcement and caffeine avoidance.

PMID- 3392651
TI  - Types of interaction of amphiphilic drugs with phospholipid vesicles.
AB  - Binding characteristics of nine amphiphilic drugs, which induce pulmonary
      phospholipidosis, to L-alpha-dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) vesicles were
      studied using fluorescence probes, 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene and 1-anilino-8
      naphthalene sulfonate (ANS) for hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions,
      respectively. Drug binding to DPPC was quantitated using Scatchard analysis. The
      tested drugs bound to DPPC with different capacities. The order of binding
      capacity to hydrophobic site of DPPC using 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene as
      fluorescence probe was promethazine greater than amiodarone greater than
      chlorpromazine greater than chloramphenicol greater than imipramine greater than
      trimipramine greater than propranolol much greater than chloroquine and
      chlorphentermine. Two binding affinities were evident for amiodarone,
      chlorpromazine, imipramine, trimipramine and promethazine. The order of binding
      strength at high affinity site was amiodarone greater than trimipramine greater
      than chlorpromazine greater than promethazine greater than imipramine. The order
      of drug binding capacity using ANS as fluorescence probe was chlorphentermine
      greater than trimipramine greater than propranolol much greater than amiodarone,
      chloroquine and chloramphenicol. Each of these drugs displayed a single binding
      affinity. Imipramine and chlorpromazine at 1 mM and higher concentrations showed
      intense fluorescence with ANS (5-20 microM) in the absence of DPPC indicating an
      interaction of these drugs with ANS. Chloroquine did not bind to either sites on
      DPPC. The binding of these drugs and their interactions with hydrophobic or
      hydrophilic sites of DPPC were correlated with their capacity to induce pulmonary
      phospholipidosis. These results indicate that not all the drugs which bind to
      DPPC in vitro induce phospholipidosis in vivo.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3392653
TI  - Adrenergic nerves mediate angiotensin-induced prostaglandin release in the rabbit
      vas deferens.
AB  - The effect of sympathectomy and norepinephrine depletion on prostaglandin (PG)
      synthesis in response to angiotensins II and III was examined in isolated vasa
      deferentia of the rabbit. Either 6-hydroxydopamine or surgical denervation
      significantly depressed norepinephrine concentrations in the vas deferens
      relative to contralateral controls, thus confirming an effective sympathectomy.
      Guanethidine also resulted in a significant reduction in norepinephrine
      concentrations in the vas deferens. Base-line PGE production by the vasa
      deferentia was not altered by guanethidine but was attenuated by 6
      hydroxydopamine and increased by surgical denervation. All the treatments reduced
      angiotensin-induced PGE synthesis. The effect of denervation on PGE synthesis was
      greater than that of norepinephrine depletion. We interpret these results to
      indicate that angiotensins stimulate PGE production by adrenergic nerves in the
      vas deferens and that released norepinephrine mediates a part of the PGE
      production in response to the angiotensins. The 6-hydroxydopamine experiments are
      consistent with the adrenergic nerves being the predominant source of PGE in this
      preparation.

PMID- 3392654
TI  - Demonstration of the antihypertensive activity of phenyl-2-aminoethyl selenide.
AB  - The effect of phenyl-2-aminoethyl selenide (PAESe) on blood pressure and heart
      rate was examined in anesthetized dogs and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR)
      in order to assess its possible utility as an antihypertensive agent. PAESe was
      shown to be an indirect-acting sympathomimetic whose transient increase in blood
      pressure was blocked by cocaine. PAESe exhibited potent antihypertensive activity
      in SHR. This hypotensive activity was dose-dependent, was evident in both acute
      and chronic assays and occurred after i.v. or i.p. administration or slow release
      from subdermally implanted osmotic pumps. The hypotensive activity in SHR
      occurred concomitant with a reduction in heart rate and a reduction in total body
      weight. Hearts isolated from SHR treated daily for 2 weeks with PAESe were
      significantly reduced in weight and in total catecholamine content. An
      investigation of the nature of the body weight loss which accompanied chronic
      dosing suggested that PAESe also possessed an anorexigenic property distinct from
      its antihypertensive activity. An examination of plasma electrolytes, enzymes and
      other metabolites from chronically treated rats showed no obvious toxic effects
      of such dosing.

PMID- 3392655
TI  - Recovery from use-dependent block of Vmax and restitution of action potential
      duration in canine cardiac Purkinje fibers.
AB  - The recovery kinetics during diastole of various plateau currents are thought to
      control the restitution of action potential duration (APD). Based on the
      assumption that the recovery of the residual plateau Na current parallels that of
      Vmax, the hypothesis that Na current recovery kinetics influence the restitution
      of APD was tested. Drugs that reduced Vmax in a use-dependent manner
      (tetrodotoxin 3 microM, lidocaine 15 microM, mexiletine 20 microM) were compared
      with interventions that reduced Vmax in a simply tonic fashion [( Na]o 75 mM,
      [K]o 6.5 mM, disopyramide 30 microM). Microelectrode techniques and programmed
      stimulation were used to determine in vitro the kinetics of restitution of APD
      and of time-dependent recovery of Vmax during rest. Tetrodotoxin, lidocaine and
      mexiletine induced a blockade of Vmax that showed partial or full time-dependent
      unblocking in accordance with the known use dependence of their blocking action.
      Dissipation of the time-dependent component of the block in each case followed a
      single exponential time course, time constants being 163 +/- 12, 115 +/- 12 and
      121 +/- 20 ms, respectively. Analysis of the kinetics of the APD restitution
      curves showed that the time constant of the fast decaying exponential component
      of restitution (T1) was prolonged by these drugs from 129 +/- 5 in control fibers
      to 295 +/- 17, 235 +/- 11 and 242 +/- 26 ms for tetrodotoxin, lidocaine and
      mexiletine, respectively (P less than .05). Low [Na]o and disopyramide reduced
      Vmax in a simply tonic fashion and did not significantly prolong the T1 component
      of APD restitution.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3392656
TI  - Regulation of brain acetylcholine concentration by muscarinic receptors.
AB  - The cholinergic agonists oxotremorine, oxotremorine-1, oxotremorine-3, arecoline
      and BM 123 (N-[4-(2-chloroethylmethylamino)-2-butynyl]-2-pyrrolidone) were used
      to investigate the role of muscarinic receptors in the regulation of
      acetylcholine (Ach) concentration in the whole mouse brain. Intravenous
      oxotremorine, oxotremorine-1, oxotremorine-3 and arecoline dose-dependently
      decreased ex vivo binding of [3H]oxotremorine-M and correspondingly increased
      brain Ach concentration. The correlation coefficient between the ED50's of these
      two parameters was 0.90. BM 123 induced percentage of reduction in muscarinic
      receptors correlated with percentage of decrease in response of oxotremorine, for
      increasing brain Ach concentration. These results indicate that the muscarinic
      receptor system involved in the regulation of brain Ach levels may lack spare
      receptors.

PMID- 3392657
TI  - Effect of diltiazem on infarct size, reperfusion flow and flow reserve: the
      effect of timing of treatment.
AB  - This study was performed to determine if improved subendocardial reflow seen with
      diltiazem pretreatment after left circumflex coronary (LCX) occlusion is due to a
      direct vasodilatory effect of diltiazem on the reperfused bed or due to an
      increased flow maximum or reserve. In the first part of this study anesthetized
      dogs were subjected to saline or diltiazem (infused starting before, 10 min after
      LCX occlusion or 2 min before reperfusion; 0.18 mg/kg + 0.45 mg/kg/hr i.v. for
      all groups) treatment with a 90-min LCX occlusion and 5-hr reperfusion and
      myocardial blood flow and infarct size were determined at the end of the
      experiment. In the second part, maximal flow using intracoronary adenosine was
      determined at 1 and 3 hr postreperfusion in the ischemic bed when pretreated with
      saline or diltiazem. Myocardial infarct size was reduced significantly only in
      animals pretreated with diltiazem compared to saline-treated animals. At 1-hr
      postreperfusion, subendocardial flow (microspheres) was significantly higher only
      with diltiazem pretreatment compared to the saline group (100 +/- 17 vs. 54 +/- 8
      ml/min/100 g, respectively) and subendocardial reperfusion flows were negatively
      correlated to infarct size (r = 0.97, P less than .05). Thus, diltiazem only
      improves reflow and infarct size when infused before occlusion and this improved
      reflow does not occur via a direct vasodilator action of diltiazem. When maximal
      vasodilating doses of adenosine were given, flow in the ischemic region was
      nearly identical for saline and diltiazem pretreated groups despite higher
      preadenosine flows in the diltiazem group (higher resting flow occurred at the
      expense of the existing flow reserve).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3392658
TI  - Complexing activity of 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonate and its disulfide auto
      oxidation product in rat kidney.
AB  - The complexing activity of 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonate (DMPS) was examined
      in vivo and in the isolated perfused rat kidney. Intravenous infusions of the
      sulfhydryl form of DMPS into rats pretreated with HgCl2 resulted in a dose
      dependent increase in the urinary excretion of mercury and a decrease in the
      retention of mercury in kidney. A 120-min infusion of 2 mg sulfhydryl DMPS.min
      1.kg body wt-1 resulted in excretion of 76% of the mercury body burden of which
      greater than 90% was removed from kidney. The disulfide auto-oxidation product of
      DMPS significantly increased the urinary excretion of mercury in the rat, but its
      effect was less than that of an equivalent dose of sulfhydryl DMPS. The presence
      of disulfide DMPS or 3:1 mixtures of sulfhydryl DMPS and disulfide DMPS in the
      perfusate increased the excretion of mercury and induced a loss of mercury from
      the cortex and outer medulla in the isolated perfused rat kidney. Thus both the
      disulfide and sulfhydryl forms of DMPS can act directly on the kidney to
      accelerate the excretion of mercury. This is consistent with previous
      observations of the ability of the kidney to reduce disulfide DMPS to sulfhydryl
      DMPS.

PMID- 3392659
TI  - Beta-carbolines as antagonists of the discriminative stimulus effects of diazepam
      in rats.
AB  - Rats were trained to discriminate between saline and 1.0 mg/kg of diazepam in a
      two-choice procedure where responding was maintained under a fixed-ratio, 5
      response schedule of stimulus shock termination. beta-Carboline-3-carboxylate
      methyl ester (beta CCM), beta-carboline-3-carboxylate-ethyl ester (beta CCE) and
      beta-carboline-3-carboxylate-t-butyl ester (beta CCtB), compounds with
      alkylcarboxy substitutions on the 3-position of the beta-carboline ring
      structure, were effective antagonists of the discriminative effects of diazepam.
      The 3-hydroxymethyl-substituted compound (3HMC) was relatively ineffective in
      antagonizing the discriminative effects of diazepam. The order of potency in
      antagonizing the 1.0 mg/kg training dose of diazepam was beta CCtB greater than
      beta CCM greater than beta CCE much greater than 3 HMC. The greater potency of
      beta CCtB likely reflects its resistance to metabolism in vivo. beta CCE and beta
      CCtB produced dose-related, parallel shifts in the dose-response curve for the
      discriminative effects of diazepam, but the magnitude of the shifts was limited:
      the two highest doses of beta CCE and beta CCtB produced shifts that were not
      significantly different in magnitude. These latter results suggest that these
      beta-carbolines antagonize only a portion of the component(s) of action of
      diazepam in producing discriminative stimuli. In contrast, the 7-substituted beta
      carbolines harmane, harmol and harmine were ineffective in antagonizing the
      discriminative effects of diazepam up to doses of the beta-carbolines which
      disrupted the ability of the animals to respond.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3392660
TI  - Carrier-mediated transport of cefixime, a new cephalosporin antibiotic, via an
      organic anion transport system in the rat renal brush-border membrane.
AB  - The renal excretion mechanism of cefixime, a newly developed and p.o. effective
      cephalosporin antibiotic, was investigated by using the renal brush-border
      membrane vesicles from the rat kidney cortex. The initial uptake rate of cefixime
      into an osmotically sensitive vesicular space showed concentration and
      temperature dependencies, indicating the presence of a carrier-mediated transport
      mechanism for cefixime. Kinetic parameters for apparently saturable and
      nonsaturable components were evaluated as follows: maximum uptake rate was 7.32
      +/- 1.07 nmol/30 sec/mg of protein; Michaelis constant was 7.35 +/- 2.04 mM; and
      the first-order rate constant was 0.34 +/- 0.02 nmol/30 sec/mg of protein per mM.
      The uptake was not affected by an inward-directed gradient of Na+, K+, Li+, Rb+
      or H+. In contrast, the initial uptake rate was enhanced by an inside-positive
      membrane potential imposed by valinomycin. Although amino acids, dipeptides and
      organic cations had no effects on the uptake of cefixime, organic anions such as
      probenecid and p-aminohippuric acid and anion transport inhibitors such as 4,4'
      diisothiocyano-stilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid and furosemide reduced the uptake
      significantly. Twenty beta-lactam antibiotics including both zwitter-ionic and
      anionic derivatives inhibited significantly the uptake of cefixime. Furthermore,
      by adding probenecid in the extravesicular medium, an efflux of cefixime from the
      brush-border membrane vesicles was enhanced significantly at the initial stage.
      Benzylpenicillin, cephalothin and cephradine also enhanced an efflux of cefixime
      to the same extent as observed by the addition of probenecid.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3392661
TI  - Evidence for a spinal site of action of clonidine on somatic and viscerosomatic
      reflex activity evoked on the pudendal nerve in cats.
AB  - Reflex activation of the pudendal nerve from bladder and urethral afferent fibers
      is believed to contribute to maintaining normal urinary continence under stress
      and to the pathophysiologic behavior seen in the urethral sphincter after
      suprasacral spinal cord injury. We sought to determine whether clonidine could
      influence, at a central level, somatic and viscerosomatic reflexes on the
      pudendal nerve independent of actions on the sympathetic nervous system. The
      expected central antisympathetic activity of clonidine could be demonstrated by
      near maximal lowering of the blood pressure at 5 micrograms/kg of clonidine. The
      drug had no influence on urethral constriction evoked by stimulation of the
      peripheral cut end of the pudendal nerve. However, central effects on the
      pudendal (somatic) nerve outflow could be demonstrated in both functional and
      electrophysiological experiments. Clonidine (5-50 micrograms/kg) inhibited the
      urethral constriction produced by stimulation of the central cut end of the
      pudendal nerve. Similarly, the compound action potentials recorded on the
      pudendal nerve in response to stimulation of the central cut end of the
      contralateral pelvic or pudendal nerves were reduced by as much as 75 to 85% by
      clonidine. The clonidine effect on the reflexes was resistant to acute
      transection of the spinal cord at T10; however, the antagonistic activity of
      prazosin was reduced dramatically. Yohimbine (0.5 mg/kg) but not prazosin (0.2
      mg/kg) reversed the clonidine effect. There was no relationship between the
      action of clonidine on blood pressure and its action on the reflexes. We conclude
      that clonidine acts in the sacral spinal cord at alpha-2-adrenoceptors to depress
      a viscerosomatic and a somatic reflex associated with external urethral sphincter
      function.

PMID- 3392662
TI  - Acute exposure of the neonatal rat to tributyltin results in decreases in
      biochemical indicators of synaptogenesis and myelinogenesis.
AB  - Assays of neuron-localized (neurotypic) and glia-localized (gliotypic) proteins
      were used to detect and characterize the toxic effects of tributyltin (TBT) on
      the developing rat central nervous system. Four proteins associated with specific
      aspects of neuronal and glial development were evaluated: 1) p38, a synaptic
      vesicle-associated protein; 2) neurofilament 200, an intermediate filament
      protein of the neuronal cytoskeleton; 3) myelin basic protein, an oligodendroglia
      and myelin-sheath associated protein; and 4) glial fibrillary acidic protein, an
      intermediate filament protein of astrocytes. On postnatal days 13, 22 and 60, the
      amount of each protein in homogenates of cerebellum, forebrain and hippocampus
      was determined by radioimmunoassay. A single administration of TBT (2, 3 or 4
      mg/kg i.p.) on postnatal day 5 caused dose- and region-dependent decreases in
      brain weight with the cerebellum being most affected. These decrements were not
      associated with light microscopic evidence of altered brain development (on
      postnatal day 61) but were accompanied by large dose- and region-dependent
      decreases in p38 and myelin basic protein. Decrements in both the per tissue
      (total) and per milligram of tissue protein (concentration) values for these
      proteins were observed in cerebellum and forebrain; hippocampus was largely
      unaffected. TBT-induced reductions in p38 and myelin basic protein were seen at
      dosages that did not affect brain, thymus or body weight. At dosages of TBT that
      did not affect body weight, reductions in brain weight, p 38 and myelin basic
      protein did not persist into adulthood. The data indicate that exposure to TBT on
      postnatal day 5 is toxic to the developing nervous system.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3392663
TI  - Coregulation of C3-hydroxyl versus C17-hydroxyl glucuronidation of beta-estradiol
      in pregnancy and after treatment with phenobarbital or ethinyl-estradiol.
AB  - The glucuronidation of [3H]estradiol-17 beta at the C3 vs. the C17 hydroxyl
      groups was determined in female Sprague-Dawley rat liver microsomes. A high
      performance liquid chromatography method was developed to resolve the glucuronide
      conjugates which were then quantitated by liquid scintillation counting. The
      rates of formation of 17 beta-estradiol 3-(beta-D-glucuronide) (E(2)3G) and 17
      beta-estradiol 17-(beta-D-glucuronide) (E(2)17G) were 0.49 +/- 0.03 and 0.40 +/-
      0.02 nmol/min/mg of protein, respectively. The apparent Km and Vmax of estradiol
      glucuronidation were determined in control, pregnant (day 19 of gestation),
      phenobarbital-treated (80 mg/kg/day i.p. for 5 days) and ethinylestradiol-treated
      (5 mg/kg/day i.p. for 5 days) female rats. The least-squares estimates of Km and
      Vmax values as well as the confidence contours of the joint sums of squares for
      the parameter spaces were calculated. The Vmax (nanomoles per minute per
      milligram of protein) for E(2)3G was significantly decreased from 0.94 to 0.57 in
      pregnancy and to 0.47 as a result of ethinylestradiol treatment. The Vmax values
      for E(2)17G were significantly different in control (0.43), pregnant (0.31) and
      ethinylestradiol-treated (0.27) rats. Phenobarbital treatment slightly increased
      the Vmax to 0.51 for E(2)17G whereas the Vmax for E(2)3G was unchanged (0.90)
      compared to controls. The Km (micromolar) for E(2)3G was 144 in the controls, 112
      in pregnancy and 86 and 92 as a result of treatment with ethinylestradiol and
      phenobarbital, respectively. The Km for E(2)17G was 60 in the controls, 40 in
      pregnancy, 43 and 68 as a result of ethinylestradiol and phenobarbital treatment,
      respectively. None of the changes in Km were statistically significant.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3392664
TI  - Effects of chronic phenobarbital on verapamil disposition in humans.
AB  - Very little is known about the effects of hepatic enzyme induction with
      phenobarbital on the disposition of high clearance drugs in humans. Our study was
      undertaken to investigate the effect of phenobarbital on both alpha-1 acid
      glycoprotein concentrations and total and free verapamil and its metabolites.
      Single oral, single i.v., and multiple oral verapamil administrations were
      evaluated before and after 21 days of phenobarbital treatment in healthy
      caucasian male volunteers. Significant changes in the pharmacokinetics of total
      and free verapamil and its metabolites occurred in a predictable manner. Mean
      total apparent oral clearance after a single dose of verapamil was increased
      after phenobarbital treatment (75.1 +/- 49.2 vs. 376.2 +/- 221.8 ml/min/kg, P
      less than .05). Clearance of free drug increased to a similar magnitude. Mean
      total verapamil systemic clearance was increased (9.95 +/- 1.3 vs. 18.9 +/- 8.7
      ml/min/kg, P less than .05); however free drug clearance was not altered. After
      multiple oral administration, total verapamil apparent oral clearance was
      increased after phenobarbital pretreatment (21.2 +/- 9.8 vs. 91.2 +/- 28.5
      ml/min/kg, P less than .05). Free drug clearance was increased similarly.
      Finally, the pharmacokinetic theories derived for hepatic extraction of drugs
      subject to a high metabolic clearance can be successfully applied to men after
      liver enzyme induction with phenobarbital.

PMID- 3392665
TI  - Effects of drugs on stimulus control of behavior. III. Analysis of effects of
      pentobarbital and d-amphetamine.
AB  - Key-peck responses of pigeons on one of two keys were reinforced intermittently
      under a multiple fixed-interval schedule. In one component of the schedule, a
      houselight provided general illumination of the experimental chamber, and
      responses on a red key produced food according to a 5-min fixed-interval
      schedule. In the alternate component, the houselight was off and responses on an
      amber key produced food according to the 5-min fixed-interval schedule. Each
      response randomly (P = .5) alternated the positions of the key colors (right or
      left) and the two components (houselight on or off) alternated in a mixed
      sequence. Thus, there were two sources of discriminative control over responding:
      1) the presence or absence of the houselight and 2) the key colors. Stimulus
      control was assessed by comparing the relative frequencies of red-key responses
      in the presence and absence of the houselight. Pentobarbital decreased stimulus
      control of responding at intermediate (3.0-10.0 mg/kg) doses that did not
      appreciably alter average rates of responding. Whereas d-amphetamine decreased
      stimulus control only at high doses (3.0-5.6 mg/kg) that also substantially
      decreased response rates. The results of subsequent studies suggested that the
      two drugs primarily affected stimulus control exerted by the colors of the
      response keys. Furthermore, the effects on stimulus control produced by the two
      drugs were modified by a number of environmental conditions, in particular those
      that alter the degree of stimulus control existing before drug administration.

PMID- 3392666
TI  - Vitamin D and parotid gland function in the rat.
AB  - 1. We previously reported that parotid gland secretion is decreased in rats
      deprived of vitamin D (Glijer, Peterfy & Tenenhouse, 1985). In the present study
      we examine whether this effect is a direct result of the absence of vitamin D or
      due to the secondary systemic effects of vitamin D deficiency. 2. Offspring of
      rats maintained on a calcium-supplemented (1.2%), vitamin-D-deficient diet were
      weaned onto the same diet and examined after 8 weeks. Using this method it was
      possible to maintain serum calcium and parathyroid hormone concentrations within
      normal limits. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D3) was not detectable, but 1,25
      dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D3) concentrations were normal. 3. Pilocarpine
      stimulated flow of parotid saliva was reduced 57% in vitamin-D-deprived animals,
      but amylase secretion was unchanged. Treatment with vitamin D3 returned flow
      rates to normal. 4. The concentration of calcium in parotid saliva was normal in
      vitamin-D-deprived rats, although total parotid calcium output was reduced 57%.
      5. Pilocarpine-stimulated salivary flow from submandibular gland, a tissue which
      does not possess 1,25(OH)2D3 receptors, was normal in vitamin-D-deprived rats. 6.
      Heart rate and arterial blood pressure changes in response to I.V. pilocarpine
      administration were identical in normal and vitamin-D-deficient rats. 7.
      Auriculotemporal nerve-stimulated flow of parotid saliva was also reduced by 50%
      and administration of vitamin D3 to these rats corrected this abnormality. 8. It
      is concluded that fluid and electrolyte secretion from parotid gland is directly
      dependent on vitamin D; abnormal parotid gland function seen in vitamin-D
      deficient rats is not due to secondary hypocalcaemia or hyperparathyroidism, nor
      can it be explained by haemodynamic changes evoked during systemic administration
      of pilocarpine. We further conclude that the metabolite of vitamin D responsible
      for this effect is not 1,25(OH)2D3.

PMID- 3392667
TI  - Enkephalin hyperpolarizes interneurones in the rat hippocampus.
AB  - 1. Intracellular recordings were made from pyramidal cells and from
      electrophysiologically identified interneurones in the CA1 region of the
      hippocampal slice preparation from the rat. 2. Enkephalin blocked the
      hyperpolarization of pyramidal cells evoked by application of glutamate to
      synaptically coupled inhibitory interneurones. 3. Enkephalin hyperpolarized
      interneurones, most probably by increasing potassium conductance; this action was
      blocked by the opiate antagonist, naloxone. 4. Activation of gamma-aminobutyric
      acid(B) receptors with baclofen in interneurones produced a similar
      hyperpolarization that was resistant to naloxone. 5. In addition to
      hyperpolarizing interneurones, enkephalin blocked the inhibitory postsynaptic
      potential recorded in these cells. 6. These results suggest that opiate receptors
      are selectively localized on inhibitory interneurones in the hippocampus and are
      coupled to potassium channels. Activation of these receptors causes a
      disinhibition of both pyramidal cells and inhibitory interneurones.

PMID- 3392668
TI  - Mechanism of contracture on cooling of caffeine-treated frog skeletal muscle
      fibres.
AB  - 1. In order to clarify the mechanism of contracture on cooling of caffeine
      treated intact muscle fibres, the temperature dependence of a calcium (Ca2+)
      release mechanism, 'Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release', of the sarcoplasmic reticulum
      (SR) was examined in skinned frog muscle fibres. 2. Skinned fibres in a solution
      containing 1.2 mM-caffeine and 0.7 mM-EGTA (Mg2+, 1.5 mM, Mg-ATP, 3.5 mM, pH 7),
      contracted on cooling (from 22 to 2 degrees C) due to Ca2+ release from the SR.
      3. The rate of Ca2+ release from skinned fibre SR in a medium which contained
      Ca2+ ions (with 10 mM-EGTA) and no ATP salts, was determined under various
      conditions using the 'caffeine method.' 4. In the absence of Mg2+ ions, adenine
      nucleotides and caffeine, the rates at room temperature (21-22 degrees C) were 3
      4 times greater than those at a lower temperature (1.5-3 degrees C), at any
      concentrations of Ca2+ ions external to the SR. 5. In the presence of Mg2+ ions
      (1.5 mM) and beta,gamma-methylene ATP (1 mM), the effect of temperature on the
      rates disappeared in Ca2+-containing media, although the effect remained in Ca2+
      free medium. 6. When caffeine (1.2 mM), which is a potentiator of the Ca2+
      induced Ca2+ release, was added to the test medium with Mg2+ and beta,gamma
      methylene ATP, the resulting potentiating effect was several times greater than
      that at lower temperature. 7. In order to examine the temperature dependence of
      the Ca2+ pump activity of the SR, the initial rate of Ca2+ uptake by the empty SR
      was determined under various conditions in the presence of Mg2+ ions (1.5 mM) and
      Mg-ATP (3.5 mM). The Q10 of the pump activity was around 2.0 at the Ca2+ ion
      concentrations examined (less than 10(-6) M). 8. A numerical model based on the
      results obtained, together with some reasonable assumptions, suggested that both
      suppression of the Ca2+ pump and enhancement of the Ca2+ release contribute to
      the cooling contracture of caffeinized fibres.

PMID- 3392669
TI  - Filtration coefficient and osmotic reflection coefficient to albumin in rabbit
      submandibular gland capillaries.
AB  - 1. The isolated perfused submandibular salivary gland of the rabbit has been used
      in order to make estimates of the filtration coefficient (Kf) and reflection
      coefficient (sigma d) of the capillary wall to albumin. 2. An isogravimetric
      preparation was used and in paired experiments the value for Kf obtained in
      glands perfused with albumin-Krebs solution, 0.96 +/- 0.086 (mean +/- S.E. of
      mean) ml min-1 mmHg-1 100 g-1, was not significantly different from that in blood
      perfused glands, 0.90 +/- 0.15. 3. On analysing the data for reflection
      coefficient, it was concluded that the above values underestimated Kf by about
      30%; using corrected values for Kf, osmotic reflection coefficients were
      determined from the weight changes following a sudden change in the oncotic
      pressure of the perfusate. The value for sigma d to albumin lay between 0.79 and
      1.0, the lower value being obtained after the Kf correction. 4. The high
      hydraulic conductivity, combined with sieving properties comparable to those in
      continuous capillaries, is consistent with other data on fenestrated capillaries.
      5. Finally, it was observed that, while the Kf value calculated from the initial
      flux rate was similar whether measured during fluid efflux from or influx into
      the microvasculature, on returning to the initial conditions after raising
      osmotic pressure, efflux was now more rapid than influx. This phenomenon is
      discussed in relation to readjustment of Starling forces and the possible
      existence of an asymmetric double membrane in the capillary, interstitium system
      and cells of the salivary gland.

PMID- 3392670
TI  - Synaptic rearrangements and alterations in motor unit properties in neonatal rat
      extensor digitorum longus muscle.
AB  - 1. We have used in vitro intracellular recordings and measurements of the
      contractile properties of single motor units to examine the changes in muscle
      innervation occurring during the post-natal development of a fast-twitch muscle
      in the hindlimb of the rat, the extensor digitorum longus (EDL). 2. Intracellular
      recordings of end-plate potentials evoked in response to graded stimulation of
      the nerve supply to the muscle indicate that during the first day after birth,
      each muscle fibre receives synaptic input from at least two motoneurones and that
      some muscle fibres receive as many as six such inputs. With subsequent
      development, most of this polyneuronal innervation is eliminated: the first
      singly innervated fibres are encountered on day 3; by day 18 fewer than 5% of the
      fibres remain polyneuronally innervated. These results show that there are
      quantitative differences in post-natal synapse elimination in EDL compared to its
      well-studied counterpart, the soleus. Although the great majority of fibres in
      both muscles become singly innervated at about 18 days, the first singly
      innervated fibres appear at least a week earlier in the EDL. None the less,
      synapses are lost from EDL at about half the rate they are lost from soleus. 3.
      The number of motor units, determined by counting the number of twitch increments
      produced by graded stimulation of ventral root filaments teased to contain only a
      few EDL motor axons, remains unchanged from an average of forty-one from post
      natal day 1 to day 17. In addition, the number of muscle fibres counted in muscle
      cross-sections stained with an anti-myosin antibody increases less than 10% from
      birth to adulthood. Therefore, synapse elimination in EDL occurs with a largely
      constant population of muscle fibres as well as motoneurones. 4. Measurements of
      tensions generated by single motor units indicate that the average size of a
      motor unit declines from 6.8% of the muscle fibres at day 1 to 2.3% at 17 days.
      This result indicates that each motoneurone, on average, comes to innervate
      threefold fewer muscle fibres. Motor units derived from each of the spinal
      segments innervating the muscle undergo equivalent reductions in motor unit size,
      indicating that there is no segmental disproportion to synapse elimination in
      this muscle. At all ages, there is a large diversity of motor unit sizes in the
      muscle. Synapse elimination therefore appears to maintain rather than decrease
      this diversity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3392671
TI  - The organization and development of compartmentalized innervation in rat extensor
      digitorum longus muscle.
AB  - 1. We have examined the innervation of the rat extensor digitorum longus (EDL)
      muscle by the two extramuscular branches formed from the bifurcation of its
      muscle nerve. Observations of muscle contractions, recordings of end-plate
      potentials, and glycogen depletion of young adult muscles show that each branch
      innervates a separate region or 'compartment' in the muscle. The branch entering
      the muscle nearer the knee (the K branch) innervates fibres in the anteromedial
      half of the muscle whereas the branch entering closer to the foot (the F branch)
      innervates fibres located posterolaterally. Individual EDL motoneurones project
      either into the K or the F branch and therefore innervate fibres located in one
      compartment. The boundary between the compartments is usually sharply delineated.
      No obvious anatomical feature exists within the muscle which would explain the
      division of the muscle into two distinct regions. 2. The presence of a
      segmentotopic projection from the spinal cord to the muscle was investigated to
      evaluate its possible contribution to the compartmental pattern. The most
      posterior neurones of the EDL motor pool were found to project more frequently to
      the posterolateral F compartment; similarly, the most anterior neurones most
      frequently project to the anteromedial K compartment. However, each compartment
      is innervated by both anteriorly and posteriorly located motoneurones. The
      segmentotopic projection is too weak to explain the presence of neuromuscular
      compartments. 3. The post-natal period of synapse elimination appears to play at
      best a minor role in setting up the compartmentalized innervation. Glycogen
      depletion and intracellular recording in 1-2-day-old muscles show that each nerve
      branch innervates fibres in the same region of the muscle as in the adult. Most
      of the fibres in each compartment are polyneuronally innervated by axons in their
      own particular nerve branch, although fibres located near the boundary between
      the two compartments are innervated by axons from both nerve branches. This
      convergent innervation from the two branches disappears in concert with the
      elimination of polyneuronal innervation throughout the muscle. A random
      elimination of these convergent inputs appears adequate to explain the final
      compartmental pattern. 4. Our findings suggest that the compartmental pattern is
      primarily the consequence of te segregation of EDL motoneurones into two nerve
      branches which are directed into separate regions of the muscle.

PMID- 3392672
TI  - Sensory input to cells of origin of uncrossed spinocerebellar tract located below
      Clarke's column in the cat.
AB  - 1. Sensory inputs to and locations of uncrossed spinocerebellar tract neurones in
      the lower lumbar cord were studied in chloralose-anaesthetized cats. 2. Neurones
      with axons ascending in the ipsilateral thoracic funiculi and projecting to the
      cerebellum were found mainly dorsal to the central canal (laminae V and VI) in
      the L5-L6 segments, i.e. at levels caudal to Clarke's column. Axons considered to
      originate from these cells were located in the dorsal half of the lateral
      funiculus at the level of L2, intermingled with axons of the dorsal
      spinocerebellar tract originating at the levels of Clarke's column. 3. Synaptic
      actions of primary afferents on neurones with antidromic invasion following
      stimuli applied to ipsilateral thoracic funiculi or to the cerebellum were
      investigated using intracellular or extracellular recording in the caudal lumbar
      segments. 4. Monosynaptic excitatory effects were evoked by electrical
      stimulation of group I muscle afferents of the hindlimb ipsilateral to the cell
      body. The majority of neurones received monosynaptic excitation from two or more
      muscles, predominantly extensors. They were frequently co-excited by group Ia
      muscle spindle and group Ib tendon organ afferents. 5. Volleys in cutaneous
      afferents produced excitation with short central latencies. In addition to the
      monosynaptic and disynaptic excitation from low-threshold cutaneous afferents,
      there were indications of monosynaptic effects from slightly slower conducting
      fibres. The majority of these neurones also received monosynaptic excitation from
      group I muscle afferents. Neurones with cutaneous input tended to be located more
      dorsally compared with those responding only to muscle afferents. 6. Volleys in
      joint afferents produced monosynaptic excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs)
      in the neurones with EPSPs from group I or group I and cutaneous afferents. 7.
      Some neurones were disynaptically inhibited from group I muscle afferents.
      Convergence of monosynaptic group I excitation and disynaptic group I inhibition
      occurred in varieties of patterns. 8. Polysynaptic excitation, inhibition or
      mixed effects of both were evoked from ipsilateral cutaneous afferents and high
      threshold muscle and joint afferents, whereas effects from the controlateral
      afferents were feeble.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3392673
TI  - Heat production of quiescent ventricular trabeculae isolated from guinea-pig
      heart.
AB  - 1. A new calorimetric technique has been developed which allows continuous
      measurement of the rate of energy expenditure in superfused preparations of
      cardiac muscle. Thin trabeculae of guinea-pig ventricular muscle were mounted in
      a Perspex tube of 0.8 mm inner diameter and the temperature difference of the
      perfusate upstream and downstream of the preparation was measured. 2. The resting
      heat rate of trabeculae of 240-575 microns diameter from guinea-pig heart was
      determined repeatedly for up to 6 h after cardiectomy. It did not vary with time
      during the course of the experiment. 3. The average resting heat rate measured in
      HEPES-buffered Tyrode solution containing 20 mM-glucose and 2 mM-pyruvate as
      substrates was 130 +/- 29 mW/g dry weight or 36 +/- 8 mW/cm3 of tissue (n = 15).
      This is an order of magnitude larger than the resting heat rate reported in the
      literature for isolated cardiac preparations. 4. After omitting the pyruvate from
      the superfusate the resting heat rate decreased to 60-70% of its steady value
      within 4 min. After readmission of pyruvate this effect was reversed. The average
      resting heat rate with glucose as sole substrate was 23 +/- 4 mW/cm3. 5.
      Uncoupling of the mitochondria by 50 microM-2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) increased the
      heat rate up to 170 mW/cm3. This effect could be maintained for several minutes
      and was fully reversible. Raising the external K+ concentration to 150 mM (NaCl
      replaced by KCl) induced a transient rise in the rate of heat production up to
      115 mW/cm3. 6. The heat production during uncoupling of the mitochondria and
      during potassium contractures was inversely related to the diameter of the
      preparation. Calculation based on Hill's equation (Hill, 1928) indicated that
      this was caused by the development of anoxia at the core of the preparation. 7.
      In contrast, the rate of heat production of quiescent preparations was not
      correlated with diameter and calculation indicated that at rest there was no
      anoxic core. The high value of resting heat rate found in the present study is
      discussed within the context of the large variation of 1.7-25 mW/g reported in
      the literature for resting metabolic rate of cardiac muscle.

PMID- 3392675
TI  - Transport of thiamine by brush-border membrane vesicles from rat small intestine.
AB  - 1. Microvillous vesicles obtained by a Ca2+ precipitation method from the
      intestine of adult Wistar albino rats were incubated at 25 degrees C with [35S]-
      or [3H]thiamine of high specific activity. 2. The time course of thiamine uptake
      was not influenced by the presence of Na+ or K+ nor by the absence of alkaline
      cations in the incubation medium. 3. At concentrations below 1.25 microM,
      thiamine was taken up mainly by a saturable mechanism with apparent Km = 0.8
      microM and Vmax = 0.35 pmol mg protein-1 4 s-1. At higher concentrations, a non
      saturable uptake mechanism prevailed. 4. The thiamine taken up was transferred to
      the intravesicular space. No thiamine phosphoesters could be detected in the
      vesicles. 5. The vesicular transport of thiamine was inhibited competitively by
      several thiamine derivatives and structural analogues, including: cold thiamine;
      thiamine monophosphate (inhibition constant, Ki = 33 microM); pyrithiamine (Ki =
      1.7 microM); 2'-ethylthiamine (Ki = 27 microM); 5-chloroethylthiamine (Ki = 70
      microM): Amprolium (Ki = 55 microM); 4'-oxythiamine (Ki = 510 microM).

PMID- 3392674
TI  - Voltage-gated sodium and calcium currents in rat osteoblasts.
AB  - 1. The whole-cell voltage-clamp mode of the patch-clamp technique was used to
      investigate the presence of voltage-gated inward currents in osteoblasts from
      newborn rat calvaria. 2. In K+-free solutions, three kinds of inward currents
      could be activated by depolarization: a voltage-gated Na+ current and two
      different types of Ca2+ currents. 3. The Na+ current was activated by
      depolarization above -40 mV in all the cells. It was reduced by half by 10 nM-TTX
      (tetrodotoxin). 4. In an isotonic Ba2+ external solution containing TTX, and with
      a Cs-EGTA internal solution buffered at pCa 8, depolarizing jumps induced both a
      transient Ba2+ current and a sustained Ba2+ current. The relative proportions of
      these two currents varied greatly among cells. 5. The transient and sustained
      Ba2+ currents differ with respect to their time course and their voltage
      dependence. 6. The depolarization-activated inward currents were also observed
      under more physiological conditions, in the presence of only 2 mM-external Ca2+
      and with a K+ internal solution buffered at pCa 7. 7. A few records obtained in
      current clamp showed that it is possible to induce action potentials in
      osteoblasts.

PMID- 3392676
TI  - Gadolinium selectively blocks a component of calcium current in rodent
      neuroblastoma x glioma hybrid (NG108-15) cells.
AB  - 1. The effect of the lanthanide cation Gd3+ on voltage-dependent calcium currents
      in neuroblastoma x glioma (NG108-15) cells has been studied using a whole-cell
      clamp technique. 2. Gd3+ reduced the amplitude of calcium currents. The amount of
      inhibition produced by Gd3+ was concentration dependent between about 0.5 and 5
      microM and reached a maximum at about 10-20 microM. 3. A proportion of the total
      calcium current was resistant to blockade by Gd3+. 4. Gd3+-resistant calcium
      current consisted of two components: a rapidly inactivating, 'fast' component
      which was activated at potentials more positive than about -45 mV, and a long
      lasting, 'slow' component which was activated at potentials more positive than
      about -10 mV. 5. It was possible to isolate the slow component, in the presence
      of Gd3+, by selectively inactivating the fast component with a brief depolarizing
      pre-pulse. The fast and slow components of current probably reflect the activity
      of two subpopulations of calcium channels which are resistant to block by Gd3+.
      6. In control conditions inactivation of calcium current could be described by
      the sum of a fast (tau congruent to 40 ms at +10 mV) and a slow (tau congruent to
      800 ms at +10 mV) exponential decay plus a constant. Gd3+ selectively blocked the
      slowly decaying current. 7. The current blocked by Gd3+ was activated at
      potentials more positive than about -35 mV and decayed monoexponentially (tau
      congruent to 800 ms at +10 mV). 8. It is concluded that under the experimental
      conditions used in the present study calcium currents recorded in NG108-15 cells
      are made up of at least three components which reflect the activity of three
      distinct subpopulations of calcium channels, one of which is selectively blocked
      by Gd3+.

PMID- 3392677
TI  - Effect of repetitive activity upon intracellular pH, sodium and contraction in
      sheep cardiac Purkinje fibres.
AB  - 1. The influence of repetitive activity upon intracellular pH (pHi),
      intracellular Na+ activity (aNA(i)) and contraction was examined in isolated
      sheep cardiac Purkinje fibres. Ion-selective microelectrodes were used to measure
      intracellular Na+ and H+ ion activity. Twitch tension was elicited by field
      stimulation or by depolarizing pulses applied using a two-microelectrode voltage
      clamp. Experiments were performed in HEPES-buffered solution equilibrated either
      with air or 100% O2. 2. An increase in action potential frequency from a basal
      rate of 0.1 to 1-4 Hz induced a reversible fall in pHi and a reversible rise in
      aNa(i). These effects reached a steady state 3-10 min following an increase in
      stimulation frequency, and showed a linear dependence on frequency with a mean
      slope of 0.023 pH units Hz-1 and 0.57 mmol l-1 Hz-1, respectively. The rise in
      total intracellular acid and aNa(i) associated with a single action potential was
      estimated as 5.3 mu equiv l-1 of acid and 3.5 mu equiv l-1 of Na+. 3. At action
      potential frequencies greater than 1 Hz, the rate-dependent rise in aNa(i) was
      usually accompanied by a positive force staircase. 4. The fall in pHi following a
      rate increase also occurred when fibres were bathed in Tyrode solution
      equilibrated with 23 mM-HCO3- plus nominally 5% CO2/95% O2. In these cases,
      however, the fall in pHi was halved in magnitude. 5. In fibres exposed to
      strophanthidin (0.5 microM), the rate-dependent fall in pHi was doubled in
      magnitude and its time course was more variable than under drug-free conditions.
      The rate-dependent rise in aiNa was also usually larger in strophanthidin. 6. In
      order to examine the influence of the rate-dependent acidosis on developed
      tension, the acidosis was reversed experimentally by adding 2 mmol l-1 NH4Cl to
      the bathing solution. This produced a rise in pHi accompanied by a large increase
      in twitch tension. Such an effect of pHi upon tension was quantitatively similar
      to that observed in previous work on Purkinje fibres (Vaughan-Jones, Eisner &
      Lederer, 1987). 7. It is concluded that the rate dependence of pHi will influence
      both the magnitude and the time course of an inotropic response to a change in
      heart rate.

PMID- 3392678
TI  - Sympathetic activation of lipid synthesis in brown adipose tissue in the rat.
AB  - 1. The roles of the sympathetic nerves in regulating lipid synthesis in brown
      adipose tissue (BAT) were studied by measuring incorporation of 3H from 3H2O into
      glyceride glycerol and glyceride fatty acids in the interscapular BAT in
      anaesthetized rats. 2. When noradrenaline was infused intravenously at a total
      dose of 1-8 micrograms/100 g body weight over 30 min, 3H incorporation into
      glyceride glycerol increased whereas 3H incorporation into fatty acids did not
      change. Similar responses were found when the sympathetic nerves entering the
      interscapular BAT were stimulated continuously at 10 Hz. However, when electrical
      stimuli consisting of a much shorter train (2 s) were applied to the nerves at 3
      min intervals at 10 Hz (stimulation in bursts). 3H incorporation into both
      glyceride glycerol and fatty acids was enhanced. Stimulation in bursts elicited
      more pronounced lipogenic responses than other patterns that were employed, and
      involved the delivery of precisely the same number of impulses over the whole
      period of stimulation. The lipogenic responses to nerve stimulation in bursts
      were increased by increasing the stimulus frequency over the range 4-40 Hz. 3.
      Simultaneous administration of propranolol and phenoxybenzamine had little effect
      on either the fatty acid or the glyceride glycerol response to nerve stimulation.
      In contrast, these blocking agents almost completely eliminated the responses to
      noradrenaline infusion. 4. Pre-treatment with guanethidine effectively abolished
      the lipogenic response to nerve stimulation but potentiated the response to
      noradrenaline infusion. 5. It is concluded that lipid synthesis in BAT is
      enhanced by direct electrical stimulation of the sympathetic nerves only when
      they are stimulated in bursts. Sympathetic activation of lipogenesis in BAT is
      not solely attributable to the action of noradrenaline but involves some non
      adrenergic mechanism.

PMID- 3392679
TI  - Intrinsic and extrinsic inhibitory synaptic inputs to submucous neurones of the
      guinea-pig small intestine.
AB  - 1. The sources of inhibitory synaptic inputs to neurones in submucous ganglia of
      the guinea-pig small intestine were examined by making lesions to cause selective
      degeneration of nerve terminals of sympathetic or intrinsic origin. Intracellular
      recordings were used to evaluate the effects of lesions on the inhibitory inputs.
      Immunohistochemical techniques were used to identify the neurochemical classes of
      the impaled neurones and to confirm the efficacy of the lesions. 2. The neurones
      from which recordings were taken were filled with the fluorescent dye Lucifer
      Yellow. The preparations were then fixed and processed for immunohistochemistry.
      3. Thirty-one neurones reactive for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) were
      examined in control submucous ganglia and all exhibited inhibitory synaptic
      potentials. In preparations extrinsically denervated by severing the mesenteric
      nerves, twenty-seven of twenty-eight VIP-reactive neurones had inhibitory
      synaptic potentials. This indicates that these neurones receive inhibitory
      synaptic inputs from intrinsic neurones. However, significantly more stimuli were
      required to evoke a detectable inhibitory synaptic potential in extrinsically
      denervated preparations than in normal intestine. 4. Extrinsic denervations were
      combined with removal of the myenteric plexus so that nerve terminals arising
      from both cell bodies in extrinsic ganglia and in the myenteric plexus
      degenerated. Under these conditions no inhibitory synaptic potentials could be
      recorded in any of the nine VIP-reactive neurones studied. 5. The conductance
      change underlying the intrinsic inhibitory synaptic potentials appeared to be
      similar to that underlying the responses in normal intestine. 6. The time courses
      of the intrinsic inhibitory synaptic potentials differed from those of the
      control responses. The responses to short trains of stimuli were significantly
      briefer and the responses to long trains significantly more prolonged in the
      extrinsically denervated preparations than in normal preparations. 7. The
      intrinsic inhibitory synaptic potentials were not significantly affected by
      phentolamine (0.2 microM), guanethidine (1 microM) or naloxone (1 microM),
      although the first two drugs markedly depressed control inhibitory synaptic
      potentials.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3392680
TI  - Bradykinin-induced modulation of the response behaviour of different types of
      feline group III and IV muscle receptors.
AB  - 1. In order to test the hypothesis that bradykinin has a sensitizing action on
      muscle receptors (e.g. during a myositis), the response properties of single
      group III and IV afferent units from the cat gastrocnemius-soleus muscle were
      compared before and after infiltration of their receptive fields with a
      bradykinin solution. According to their responses to graded natural stimuli
      (local pressure, stretch, contractions and temperature changes) the units were
      classified as (a) nociceptors, (b) low-threshold pressure-sensitive (LTP)
      receptors, (c) contraction-sensitive (CS) receptors and (d) thermosensitive
      receptors. 2. Bradykinin activated the majority of both the nociceptive and low
      threshold (LTP, CS and thermosensitive) receptors but a sensitization was
      prominent only among the nociceptors. Most of the sensitized nociceptors showed
      increased responses to mechanical, but not to thermal, stimuli. The sensitization
      appeared to be quite specific in that the nociceptors were sensitized either
      towards local pressure stimulation or to active contractions, but never towards
      both forms of stimulation. 3. Both group III and group IV nociceptors were
      sensitized by bradykinin, the proportion of sensitized receptors being greater
      for group III units. 4. Some of the low-threshold receptors (particularly the CS
      units) showed a desensitization under the influence of bradykinin. 5. Although
      bradykinin (by lowering the mechanical thresholds of nociceptors into the
      innocuous range) could produce the symptom of allodynia, it was not capable of
      eliciting all the changes in receptor behaviour which are known to occur in
      inflamed tissues. For instance, no ongoing activity of longer duration and no
      substantial sensitization of low-threshold receptors have been observed in the
      present study.

PMID- 3392681
TI  - The influence of pH on membrane conductance and intercellular resistance in the
      rat lens.
AB  - 1. The conductance of the rat lens was measured using a two-internal
      microelectrode technique. The voltage response to a step of current consisted of
      two components arising from bulk and membrane resistance respectively. 2. The
      potassium permeability was calculated by applying Goldman theory to 86Rb+ efflux
      data. 3. The internal pH (pHi) and internal free calcium (pCai) were measured
      directly using single- and double-barrelled ion-sensitive microelectrodes. 4.
      Lens pHi was 6.9 in control solution (external pH, pHo = 7.3) and was reduced on
      lowering pHo. The presence of propionate or 100% CO2 in the external solution
      accentuated this effect. 5. Internal acidification was accompanied by a
      depolarization of membrane potential, an increase in membrane and cell-to-cell
      resistance and a decrease in potassium permeability. The acidification had no
      effect on pCai. 6. The intracellular pH was increased by perifusing with
      trimethylamine or NH4Cl. Both treatments induced a membrane depolarization with
      little change in potassium permeability. Subsequent removal of NH4Cl led to a
      sustained decrease in pHi. 7. In every case where pHi decreased, the changes in
      membrane potential and conductance could be explained largely on the basis of a
      decrease in potassium permeability. The concomitant increase in cell-to-cell
      resistance was less pronounced and probably insufficient to uncouple the lens
      system.

PMID- 3392682
TI  - Development of sodium and chloride transport across fetal and newborn rat stomach
      in vitro.
AB  - 1. Unidirectional and net Na+ and Cl- fluxes were determined across isolated
      fetal rat stomach 19-21 days post-coitum, and across the stomach of newborn rats
      aged 5 or 12 days. 2. On fetal day 19, absorption of both Na+ and Cl- was greater
      than the short-circuit current, Isc (net Na+ flux, JnetNa = 4.7 +/- 1.0 and net
      Cl- flux, JnetCl = 5.4 +/- 1.4 mu equiv cm-2 h-1 vs. Isc = 0.9 +/- 0.1 mu equiv
      cm-2 h-1). Mucosal addition of 10 microM-amiloride did not significantly alter
      JnetNa, JnetCl, Isc or total conductance. 3. However, on fetal day 20, neutral
      absorption of NaCl was no longer observed but amiloride had inhibited
      electrogenic absorption of Na+, and significant active secretion of Cl- was
      observed (JnetCl = -1.3 +/- 0.6 mu equiv cm-2 h-1). On day 21 (i.e. 24 h before
      birth), values for JnetNa, JnetCl, and Isc were not different from those
      determined on adult gastric mucosa. 4. After birth, NaCl transport continued to
      exhibit its prenatal characteristics on day 5 but not on day 12, when Na+ and Cl-
      were both absorbed; on that day, JnetNa-Isc was equal to both JnetCl and to the
      amiloride-insensitive component of Isc, indicating that neutral NaCl absorption
      had resumed. 5. These data show that in rat stomach, NaCl transport
      differentiates on fetal day 20, when H+ secretion is first observed, and
      thereafter undergoes biphasic development. 6. The significant Cl- absorption
      observed on post-natal day 12 was concomitant with the inhibition of net H+
      secretion.

PMID- 3392684
TI  - Effects of okadaic acid on isometric tension and myosin phosphorylation of
      chemically skinned guinea-pig taenia coli.
AB  - 1. In guinea-pig taenia coli skinned with Triton X-100, the marine sponge toxin
      okadaic acid (OA; 0.1-10 microM) produced a dose-dependent enhancement of
      isometric tension in the presence of low concentrations (0.1-1 microM) of Ca2+.
      2. The Ca2+-tension relation of the skinned taenia showed a high co-operativity
      (Hill coefficient, h = 5) in the presence of 0.2 microM-calmodulin. The
      concentration of Ca2+ required to obtain half-maximal tension (ED50) was 1.8
      microM. OA (5 microM) reduced the co-operativity (h = 2.3) and increased the Ca2+
      sensitivity (ED50 = 0.92 microM-Ca2+). OA further increased the tension produced
      with 30 microM-Ca2+, while it failed to produce any mechanical effect in Ca2+
      free solution. When the calmodulin concentration was increased the Ca2+
      sensitivity increased as well, but the co-operativity was not affected both in
      the absence and in the presence of OA. 3. The level of myosin phosphorylation was
      analysed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. OA produced an increase in
      phosphorylated light chains and a concomitant decrease in unphosphorylated light
      chains. The effect was completely reversed when OA was washed out. 4. In
      solutions containing more than 1 microM-Ca2+, a third protein band appeared on
      the gels next to the bands of light chains. OA markedly increased the third band
      which disappeared when OA and Ca2+ were simultaneously removed. 5. OA reversibly
      slowed down both relaxation and dephosphorylation induced by Ca2+ removal
      following activation with 30 microM-Ca2+. Complete relaxation did not occur in
      the presence of more than 1 microM-OA. The concentration of OA required to
      produce a 50% reduction (ID50) of the relaxation rate was 78 nM. 6. The
      phosphatase activity in the taenia extract was inhibited by OA (1-10 microM) in a
      dose-dependent manner. The inhibition was well described as a mixed
      noncompetitive inhibition, and the dose-inhibition relation was shifted to the
      right when the concentration of substrate (phosphorylated light chains) was
      increased. The lower and upper limits of the change of ID50 produced by changing
      the substrate concentration were estimated to be 10 and 165 nM-OA, respectively.
      7. These results strongly suggest that the tension enhancement and the slow-down
      of relaxation are both causally related to inhibition of myosin phosphatase
      activity by OA.

PMID- 3392683
TI  - The effect of neuropeptide Y and peptide YY on electrogenic ion transport in rat
      intestinal epithelia.
AB  - 1. Neuropeptide Y (NPY), peptide YY (PYY) and, to a lesser extent, human
      pancreatic polypeptide (HPP) reduced short-circuit current (SCC) in a
      concentration-dependent manner in epithelial preparations of rat jejunum and
      descending colon. 2. From concentration-response curves in the jejunum EC50
      values of 3 nM for PYY and 10 nM for NPY were obtained. HPP was much less potent,
      the threshold concentration being around 100 nM, and NPY 13-36 was inactive. 3.
      Repeated exposure of jejunal preparations to either NPY or PYY led to a rapid
      desensitization. Cross-desensitization to the actions of these two peptides was
      also observed. Neither tetrodotoxin (TTX) nor phentolamine affected responses to
      either NPY or PYY on the jejunum. 4. Responses to both peptides were inhibited by
      the presence of transport inhibitors, particularly diphenylamine-2-carboxylate
      (DPC, a chloride channel blocker) and piretanide (Na+-K+-2Cl- co-transport
      inhibitor). These results may indicate that the reduction in SCC caused by the
      neuropeptides is due to a net increase in chloride movement in the apical to
      basolateral direction. 5. 36Cl-flux studies identified an inhibition of chloride
      secretion as the predominant mechanism of action of NPY and PYY, together with a
      smaller stimulation of chloride absorption. No significant changes in the
      movement of 22Na were seen in either direction. 6. The cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors
      piroxicam (5 microM) and indomethacin (5 microM) significantly reduced the
      responses to both NPY and PYY in rat jejunum. From this and other evidence it was
      concluded that the peptides depended for their effect on the endogenous formation
      of eicosanoids, the prevention of which attenuated the SCC reduction due to the
      peptides.

PMID- 3392685
TI  - Changes in hypothalamic temperature modulate the neuronal response of the ventral
      thalamus to skin warming in rats.
AB  - 1. The influence of hypothalamic temperature on the activity of warm-excited
      neurones, which responded to skin warming with an increased firing rate, in the
      ventro-basal (VB) complex of the thalamus of rats was examined
      electrophysiologically. 2. The warm-excited neurones were classified into three
      types: hypothalamus-cold neurones in which the firing rate increased with
      hypothalamic cooling, hypothalamus-warm neurones in which the firing rate
      increased with hypothalamic warming and hypothalamus-insensitive neurones in
      which the firing rate was not affected by hypothalamic temperature. The majority
      of hypothalamus-cold and hypothalamus-warm neurones increased their firing rate
      at hypothalamic temperature below and above 38 degrees C, respectively. 3. The
      threshold temperature at which hypothalamus-warm neurones responded to skin
      warming was lowered by hypothalamic warming. However, hypothalamus-cold neurones
      responded to lower skin temperatures during hypothalamic cooling. 4. These
      results show that the neuronal activity of the VB complex in the thalamus,
      responding to skin warming, is affected by hypothalamic temperature. Thus thermal
      information from the peripheral thermoreceptors is modulated by hypothalamic
      temperature at the level of the relay nuclei of the thalamus.

PMID- 3392686
TI  - Your CE topic (No. 31). (Part 1) AIDS: acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

PMID- 3392687
TI  - The legal obligations for treating or testing for the HIV infection.

PMID- 3392688
TI  - [Incomplete and accessory pulmonary fissures studied by high resolution x-ray
      computed tomography].
AB  - High resolution CT examinations with 1.5 mm thick slices were performed on 30
      healthy volunteers for the study of normal and accessory pulmonary fissures. In
      only one case were the three fissures entirely present. The major fissure is
      incomplete in 87% of the cases on the right side, and in 77% on the left side.
      When a part of a fissure is absent it is always the internal part. One or more
      accessory fissures were seen in 59% of the cases. The most frequent accessory
      fissures are in the inferior lobes (33%). A left minor fissure was seen in 10% of
      the cases. Some aspects of the top of the minor fissures (opacity, false cavitary
      lesion) which can be misinterpreted are emphasized.

PMID- 3392689
TI  - [X-ray computed tomography of endometrioid cancers of the ovary. Apropos of 4
      cases].
AB  - The preoperative CT scan of 4 patients who had surgery for endometrioid
      adenocarcinoma of the ovaries were studied retrospectively and the results
      correlated to operative and pathological findings. 1) All tumors were bilateral.
      2) Uterine involvement was diagnosed in 1 out of 3 cases. 3) Fallopian tubes
      involvement was present in 3 cases but was never seen on CT scan. 4) Ascites and
      peritoneal metastasis were correctly diagnosed in 2 out of 3 cases.

PMID- 3392690
TI  - [Use of X-ray computed tomography in cervical infections].
AB  - Infections of face and neck represent serious and potentially life threatening
      conditions that are sometimes difficult to differentiate from neoplastic tumours,
      especially in subacute clinical forms. Conventional radiographic techniques offer
      interest for cervical masses, except Ultra-Sonographic exam, in sites regarding
      vascular axes, but carries little value for evaluating their spread into the
      different cervical spaces. On the other hand, C.T. is valuable to precise the
      location and the extent and to determine its inflammatory nature by studying the
      fats and the aponeurosis around it. It help in the analysis of associated
      adjacent signs: soft tissue swelling, extensive obliteration of adjacent fats,
      swelling of cervical aponeurosis, thickening of adjacent muscles. These findings
      are documented by the study of fourteen patients, admitted in St-Antoine
      hospital. All abscesses, except one, were easy to diagnose because of their low
      central attenuation. False negative cases are possible and noted by other
      authors. So, in absence of response to appropriate therapy, surgery is necessary
      to eliminate a misdiagnosed abscess. Furthermore, it's sometimes possible to
      suspect an etiology (foreign body, tuberculosis).

PMID- 3392691
TI  - [The practice of x-ray computed tomography during a period of rapid growth. A
      survey on the Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur region in 1986].
AB  - From May to September 1986, a sample of 748 CT-scanner examinations,
      representative of the total annual activity, has been collected in Provence-Alpes
      Cote d'Azur Region. The regional activity of CT-scanner has been estimated to
      91,200 examinations in 1986 (total France: 628,500 in 1985) or 22.7 procedures
      per 1,000 inhabitants (total France: 11,4 in 1985). CT-scanner is now a routine
      diagnostic imaging device with an annualized average of 6,080 procedures per
      machine (5,770 in public sector and 8,415 in the for-profit private one). The
      mean effective utilization time for a machine in one year was 2,700 hours in a
      regional, public, teaching hospital (PTH) and 3,100 in private, for-profit
      establishment (PPE). The number of procedures per machine-use hour was 2,4 in PTH
      and 2.8 PPE. No procedural difference has been observed between the two sectors
      in carrying out the technique. CT-Scanner diffusion in the private for profit
      sector has meant: - an increase in the demand from general medical practionners
      (more than 1/4 examinations); - a larger range of indications concerning less
      serious health conditions.

PMID- 3392694
TI  - [The radio-lunate sagittal index].
AB  - Colles' fractures with important displacement are accompanied by a subdislocation
      of the carpus backwards. The authors describe a radio-lunate sagittal index that
      measures the posterior displacement. This index should be instored during the
      reduction of the fracture.

PMID- 3392693
TI  - [Quasi-axial descending incidence in lumbar discography. Clinical evaluation in
      proved hernia].
AB  - The authors study the diagnostic accuracy of quasi axial view during discography
      about 136 discs with proved herniation. It is a good helm to the frontal and
      lateral views.

PMID- 3392692
TI  - [Cerebral MRI in the study of prognostic factors in AIDS. Hypotheses from tests
      on 15 patients].
AB  - In an attempt to determine factors of predictive value in HIV (human immuno
      deficiency virus) seropositive patients, particular attention was payed to
      symptoms indicating early involvement of the central nervous system (CNS). A
      cohort of healthy carriers was thus constituted. Follow-up will be carried out
      every six month including clinical, biological as well as CNS imaging by NMR.
      Among the first 15 of them, abnormalities could be observed in 4 individuals.
      Lesions consisted in nodules of high signal in T2 which were localized either in
      the white matter or thalamic nuclei. No relationship could be demonstrated
      between the existence of these lesions and various criteria such as age, sex,
      risk factors and T4 cells count. Such lesions appeared similar to the
      localizations observed in multiple sclerosis or to the scars of limited vascular
      accidents. The nature of these lesions is not clear. They certainly indicate
      early involvement of CNS after primary infection by the HIV virus. They may
      either represent sequellae of this primary infection or early alterations
      announcing developing encephalopathy.

PMID- 3392695
TI  - Free flap reconstruction of the lower back and posterior pelvis: indications,
      principles, and techniques.
AB  - Reconstructive microsurgery can be successfully applied to major defects of the
      lower back and posterior pelvis. When present, the superior and inferior gluteal
      vessels can be excellent free flap recipient vessels. However, if they are absent
      as a result of trauma or tumor ablation, a wrist carrier can be used to transfer
      large blocks of tissue in a staged procedure. Five patients are presented with
      challenging defects for which these techniques were used.

PMID- 3392697
TI  - The dorsal approach in harvesting the second toe.
AB  - The dorsal approach, with early section of the second metatarsal bone, allows
      direct access to the plantar structures of the second toe (arteries, nerves, and
      flexor tendons). A "multiple set arterial transfer" then becomes possible,
      improving the blood supply to the toe. Early walking is encouraged on the fifth
      postoperative day when the patient leaves the hospital. No vascular complications
      have occurred in any microvascular reconstruction after the fifth postoperative
      day. Close approximation of the first and third toe of the donor foot not only
      improves the overall appearance of the foot, but also avoids a possible hallux
      valgus deformity as a postoperative complication.

PMID- 3392696
TI  - Human ulnar neuropathy at the elbow: clinical, electrical, and morphometric
      correlations.
AB  - This study explored and compared clinical, electrodiagnostic, and morphometric
      observations on bilateral ulnar nerves obtained at necropsy in a patient with
      severe bilateral ulnar compression neuropathy at the elbow. There was excellent
      correlation among all three evaluation techniques. On the patient's more
      symptomatic side, there was significant slowing of conduction velocity across the
      elbow, with sensory conduction unobtainable in the little finger. Morphometric
      results demonstrated loss of myelin, decreased nerve fiber diameter, and
      reduction in percent of neural tissue present in the compressed elbow segment of
      the ulnar nerve.

PMID- 3392698
TI  - Dual vascularized fibula transfer on a single vascular pedicle: a useful
      technique in long bone reconstruction.
AB  - The use of dual vascularized fibula transfer on a single vascular pedicle for
      reconstruction of long bone defect is described. This technique involves dividing
      one length of donor vascularized fibula into two segments, without cutting the
      vessels. The vessels are then folded, thereby supplying blood circulation to both
      bones. Since 1985 the authors have treated six cases of bone reconstruction using
      this method. Two of these six cases are reported, with follow-up periods of over
      one year.

PMID- 3392699
TI  - Use of receptor affinity chromatography in purification of the growth hormone
      like factor produced by plerocercoids of the tapeworm Spirometra mansonoides.
AB  - The plerocercoid stage of the tapeworm Spirometra mansonoides produces a
      functional analog of human growth hormone (hGH). Among the similarities between
      plerocercoid growth factor (PGF) and hGH is competition for the same receptors on
      rabbit liver membranes. To take advantage of this characteristic in a
      purification scheme for PGF, rabbit liver microsomes were solubilized in Triton X
      100 and the hGH receptors were purified over an hGH affinity column. The purified
      receptors from six rabbit livers were coupled to Affi-Gel-10 to create a receptor
      affinity column which was used to purify PGF. Chromatography of crude PGF over
      the receptor column resulted in a 1044 fold increase in specific activity. SDS
      PAGE in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol showed that the affinity-purified PGF
      contained three protein bands with apparent Mrs of 27.5 K, 22 K, and 16.7 K.
      Injections of the partially-purified PGF into hypophysectomized rats produced a
      dose-dependent growth response and 400 ng eq of PGF each day for 10 days
      stimulated a growth response not significantly different from that produced by
      250 micrograms of bovine GH each day. Receptor affinity chromatography was an
      effective method to purify small amounts of PGF in a single step with negligible
      loss of biological activity.

PMID- 3392700
TI  - Characterization of catecholestrogen membrane binding sites in estrogen receptor
      positive and negative human breast cancer cell-lines.
AB  - A specific membrane-binding of an estradiol metabolite, the catecholestrogen (CE)
      2 hydroxyestrone (2OH-E1), was demonstrated in two receptor-positive (MCF7 and
      VHB1) and one receptor-negative (MDA-MB-231) human mammary carcinoma cell lines.
      The three cell lines were found to be able to synthesise and inactivate CE.
      Solubilization of membrane bound CE results in a high molecular weight component
      whose specificity differs from that of the classical estrogen receptor. Apparent
      dissociation constants were 6-10. 10(-9) M and binding capacities were higher in
      the receptor-positive cell lines than in the receptor-negative one. Since CE are
      susceptible to rapid degradation, the presence of such a site may be relevant in
      the protection and concentration of 2OH-E1 which has been shown to have "in
      vitro" anti-estrogenic properties in MCF7 breast tumor cells.

PMID- 3392701
TI  - Prolactin and growth hormone binding in mammary and liver tissue of lactating
      cows.
AB  - A radioligand/receptor binding assay was developed using homologous hormones to
      distinguish between bovine growth hormone (bGH) and bovine prolactin (bPRL)
      receptors in liver and mammary tissue of lactating cows. Mammary and liver
      tissues were homogenized in 0.3 M sucrose and centrifuged at 100,000 x g over a
      1.3 M sucrose density gradient. Membranes from the 0.3 - 1.3 M sucrose interface
      were incubated with 1 ng of iodinated bGH or bPRL for 20 h at 22 degrees C in the
      presence of increasing concentrations of native bGH or bPRL. High affinity
      receptor binding sites were found for bPRL in liver and mammary tissue membranes
      (Ka = 3.2 and 1.3 x 10(8) l/mol with 34 and 63 fmol receptors/mg liver and
      mammary membrane protein, respectively) and for bGH only in liver tissue (Ka =
      1.8 x 10(9) l/mol, 18 fmol receptors/mg membrane protein). Receptor number
      estimates were 3 and 11 times higher in mammary and liver tissue using a
      heterologous hGH system indicating that heterologous systems may overestimate the
      number of receptors in bovine tissue. The absence of demonstratable bGH receptors
      in lactating bovine mammary tissue supports in vitro results of others with
      isolated mammary tissue indicating that the positive effect of bGH on milk
      production in intact cows is via an indirect mechanism.

PMID- 3392702
TI  - Endotoxaemia in racehorses following exertion.
AB  - Endotoxins (lipopolysaccharides-LPS) and anti-endotoxin IgG antibodies were
      measured in racehorses before and after races of 1,000, 2,000 and 2,800 m.
      Results show that the mean plasma concentration of endotoxin increased
      significantly (p less than 0.02) while the anti-LPS IgG concentration decreased
      significantly (p less than 0.005) in all horses following the races. Pre-race and
      post-race anti-LPS IgG levels in racing-fit racehorses were significantly higher
      than in untrained horses (p less than 0.05). The possibility therefore exists
      that training-induced stress leads to leakage of LPS into the systemic
      circulation which results in self-immunisation against LPS. The effects of plasma
      LPS and anti-LPS IgG concentrations on performance of racehorses require further
      studies.

PMID- 3392703
TI  - The arrangement of the muscle layers at the equine ileocaecal junction.
AB  - The muscle layers of the ileocaecal junctions of horses (n = 18), plains zebras
      (Equus burchelli antiquorum) (n = 3), mountain zebras (Equus zebra zebra) (n =
      2), and a donkey were examined macroscopically and microscopically. The muscular
      tunic of the ileocaecal papilla was made up of 3 layers: an innermost circular
      layer which was a continuation of the circular muscle of the ileum, a central
      longitudinal layer which was a continuation of one part of the longitudinal layer
      of the ileum and an outermost layer, composed of two collateral semicircular
      lips, formed by the circular layer of the caecum. The other part of the
      longitudinal ileal muscle layer contributed to the dorsal caecal taenia. The
      circular and semicircular muscle layers contributed by the ileum and caecum
      respectively represented what could be termed as a M. sphincter ilei, which did
      not exist as a separate annular muscle confined only to the papilla as the name
      would suggest. The amount of intermuscular connective tissue increased in both
      these layers towards the tip of the papilla, while at the same time the layers
      decreased in thickness. This finding supports the view that their sphincteroid
      action would be less efficient and that an additional closing mechanism of
      vascular origin may be required at the ileocaecal papilla of the horse.

PMID- 3392704
TI  - Lucilia cuprina induced hyperammonaemia and alkalosis associated with pathology
      in sheep.
AB  - Gross and microscopical examinations were done in 12 sheep infested with Lucilia
      cuprina larvae. All the sheep became hyperammonaemic and alkalotic. Six sheep
      died and 6 survived, one being moribund before euthanasia. Necropsy revealed
      severe acute dermatitis and congestion of the liver, heart, kidney, spleen and
      lungs. Ecchymotic haemorrhages were present in the heart, kidneys and adrenal
      glands of severely infested sheep. Microscopical examination showed mild to
      severe vacuolation of the central nervous system in all sheep. In severely
      infested sheep, skin, lung, heart, kidney, and liver tissues were infiltrated by
      mononuclear cells, neutrophiles or lymphocytes. Fibrin thrombi were present in
      vessels. Elevated concentrations of lipid soluble ammonia in blood were
      positively correlated with tissue abnormality and early death.

PMID- 3392705
TI  - Propetamphos: a comparison of three formulations in preventing blowfly strike in
      sheep.
AB  - A trial was conducted in an area where organophosphate resistance to the green
      blowfly of sheep, Lucilia curpina WIED had been reported. Three formulations
      containing Propetamphos, namely an oil based pour-on, a grease based smear-on,
      and an emulsifiable concentrate were applied to 300 sheep in an attempt to
      compare the protection that this insecticide afforded, in preventing progressive
      blowfly strike. One hundred sheep were furthermore treated with an insecticide
      growth regulator, Cyromazine as a treated control group and a further 300 sheep
      were exposed as an untreated control group in order to monitor the level of
      blowfly strike in the area. It was found that the grease-based formulation
      protected the animals for 2 weeks against blowfly strike, both the pour-on and
      the emulsifiable concentrate formulation for 3 weeks, while the insect growth
      regulator afforded 4 weeks protection. It was concluded that if organophosphate
      resistant blowfly were present, the length of protection might be dosage related
      and that blowfly strike in sheep was almost equally controlled by Cyromazine and
      Propetamphos.

PMID- 3392706
TI  - Inco-ordination and paresis in a captive lion (Panthera leo).
AB  - An adult female lion (Panthera leo) with hind- and forequarter paresis and inco
      ordination was examined. An initial diagnosis of a vitamin A deficiency was made,
      but treatment proved ineffective. A radiological examination showed mild pressure
      on the spinal cord. A tentative diagnosis of trauma to the cervical vertebrae was
      made. Response to conservative therapy suggested an aetiology of traumatic
      origin.

PMID- 3392708
TI  - [The veterinarian and animal rights].

PMID- 3392707
TI  - Nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism in a lion cub.
AB  - A female lion cub about 5 months old from a litter raised artificially in a lion
      park, was euthanased and necropsied. The history was one of poor growth,
      lameness, a reluctance to move and skeletal malformations with disproportionately
      large head and feet. The cub had been fed meat and milk supplemented with calcium
      and vitamins. All the bones in the body were exceptionally soft and flexible. The
      long bones, vertebrae and ribs were easily split in half with a knife. The
      scapulae were deformed and medially curved. The long bones were shorter and
      thicker in diameter than normal, with very thin cortices. Numerous pathological
      fractures exhibiting minimal callus formation were present. The ribs were
      rounded, abnormally curved and very short in comparison to the length of costal
      cartilages. Radiographically, a marked osteoporosis was observed.
      Histopathological examination revealed a severe diffuse fibrous osteodystrophy
      with very little bone present. The osteoid was improperly mineralised and tissue
      sections for microscopy were cut without any need for prior decalcification.
      Little space for haemopoietic tissue remained. The lesions were considered
      consistent with those in animals raised on a diet containing excessive phosphates
      and low calcium.

PMID- 3392709
TI  - Myocardial conditions of domestic animals in Southern Africa. Proceedings of a
      workshop. 16 August 1986. Abstracts.

PMID- 3392710
TI  - Reexamination of chemically mediated oviposition behavior in Aedes aegypti (L.)
      (Diptera: Culicidae).

PMID- 3392711
TI  - Development of immature Fannia spp. (Diptera: Muscidae) at constant laboratory
      temperatures.

PMID- 3392712
TI  - Borrelia coriaceae in its tick vector, Ornithodoros coriaceus (Acari: Argasidae),
      with emphasis on transstadial and transovarial infection.

PMID- 3392713
TI  - Categorization of domestic breeding habitats of Aedes aegypti (Diptera:
      Culicidae) in Northern Queensland, Australia.

PMID- 3392715
TI  - Survival and reproduction of artificially fed cat fleas, Ctenocephalides felis
      Bouche (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae).

PMID- 3392714
TI  - Host digestion to determine populations of the northern fowl mite, Ornithonyssus
      sylviarum (Acari: Macronyssidae), on mature chickens.

PMID- 3392716
TI  - Rearing Phaenicia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae) on dry cat food with CSMA.

PMID- 3392717
TI  - Chrysomya megacephala (F.) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) collected in North America
      and notes on Chrysomya species present in the New World.

PMID- 3392718
TI  - Living wills, powers of attorney and medical practice.

PMID- 3392719
TI  - Euthanasia, letting die and the pause.
AB  - There is a marked disparity between medical intuitions and philosophical argument
      about euthanasia. In this paper I argue that the following objections can be
      raised. First, medical intuitions are against it and this is an area in which
      judgement and sensitivity are required in that death is a unique and complex
      process and the patient has many needs including the need to know that others
      have not discounted his or her worth. Also, part of the moral constitution of a
      good doctor is a devotion to the protection and preservation of life whatever
      reasons are produced to dissuade her. Finally, we do not know what the final
      events of a person's life might hold.

PMID- 3392720
TI  - Boxing clever.

PMID- 3392721
TI  - Litigation and complaints procedures: objectives, effectiveness and alternatives.
AB  - Recent debates about redress mechanisms for medical accident victims have been
      sidetracked by fears of an American-style medical malpractice crisis. What is
      required is a framework within which the debate can resume. This paper proposes
      such a framework by focusing on the compensation and deterrence objectives and
      placing them in the wider context of the social costs of providing medical
      services. The framework is then used to assess and compare the effectiveness of
      differing approaches. In particular, the American and British experiences of
      litigation, including the concept of 'defensive medicine', are evaluated. Also
      discussed briefly are alternatives to court-based complaints procedures including
      'no-fault' schemes, professional ethics and internal complaints mechanisms.

PMID- 3392722
TI  - Legislative hazard: keeping patients living, against their wills.
AB  - Natural death act legislation which is intended to assist patients who wish to
      refuse or limit medical treatment may actually erode patients' rights. By use of
      a 'living will' the legislation intends to extend the patients' role in decision
      making to the time when patients can no longer speak for themselves. However, the
      legislation erodes and constricts the right of refusal. The erosion is the result
      of two sets of conditions found in the legislation. The first requires that the
      patient be qualified and certified by others before interventions can be
      withdrawn or withheld. The second delineates the physical condition which must be
      present before a living will can be followed. Patients have had to seek the
      assistance of the courts to enforce their common law rights of refusal of
      treatment against these requirements. Legislation is needed, but greater care
      must be taken to avoid the creation of a Kafkaesque legal nightmare for those we
      intend to assist.

PMID- 3392723
TI  - Confidentiality: a modified value.
AB  - In its original expression as a medical value confidentiality may have been
      absolute; this concept has become eroded by patient consent, legal actions and
      change in the climate of public opinion. In particular requirements arising out
      of legal statutes and common law judgements have greatly modified the
      confidentiality of the doctor-patient relationship in societies deriving their
      law from English origins. Despite this, confidentiality remains a value which the
      physician must strive to preserve. He cannot however do this without considering
      its effect upon possible innocent third parties.

PMID- 3392725
TI  - Clinical aspects of meningococcal disease.

PMID- 3392724
TI  - Teaching clinical medical ethics: a model programme for primary care residency.
AB  - Few residency training programmes explicitly require substantive exposure to
      issues in medical ethics and fewer still have a formal curriculum in this area.
      Traditional undergraduate medical ethics courses teach preclinical students to
      identify ethical issues and analyse them at a theoretical level. Residency
      training, however, is the ideal time to establish the critical behavioural link
      which makes ethics truly useful in clinical medicine. The General Internal
      Medicine Residency Training Program at Rhode Island Hospital has developed an
      integrated, three-year curriculum with the goals of helping residents to perceive
      ethical issues in clinical practice, to utilise basic philosophical principles in
      resolving ethical dilemmas and to communicate these issues clearly and
      sensitively to patients. The curriculum has been well received by residents and
      has had a hospital-wide impact. We believe that training residents in medical
      ethics and communication skills is an effective approach to developing
      physicians' humane qualities.

PMID- 3392726
TI  - Meningococcal infection. A review based upon papers presented at the 155th
      meeting of the Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Southampton, 8
      July 1987.

PMID- 3392727
TI  - Bovine erythrocyte-agglutinin as a possible adhesin of Bordetella bronchiseptica
      responsible for binding to porcine nasal epithelium.
AB  - The bovine erythrocyte-agglutinin (BEA) of Bordetella bronchiseptica, located on
      the cell surface in non-fimbrial form, has been identified as a possible adhesion
      responsible for binding to porcine nasal epithelium in studies with BEA-negative
      (BEA-) mutants and in competitive studies with bovine erythrocytes.

PMID- 3392728
TI  - Immunochemical characterisation of antigens and growth inhibition of Fonsecaea
      pedrosoi by species-specific IgG.
AB  - Antigens of Fonsecaea pedrosoi, the most common agent of chromomycosis, were
      characterised by immunoprecipitation with a rabbit antiserum raised against the
      cell-protein extract and serum from an infected patient. Thirteen antigens were
      commonly detected and, as some of these antigens could be iodinated, they may be
      present in the fungal cell wall. Purified IgG from the rabbit antiserum was shown
      to produce a 50-60% inhibition of fungal growth. Some of the antigens
      characterised may be important in relation to the stimulation of protective
      immunity against chromomycosis.

PMID- 3392729
TI  - The effect of antibiotics on bacterial colonisation of vascular cannulae in a
      novel in-vitro model.
AB  - An in-vitro model for studying semi-quantitatively the bacterial colonisation of
      the external and internal surfaces of peripheral intravascular cannulae is
      described. Using this model, we studied the effect of ciprofloxacin, teicoplanin
      and fusidic acid on cannula colonisation by Staphylococcus epidermidis. Exposure
      of colonised cannulae to sub-MICs of ciprofloxacin and fusidic acid reduced
      bacterial attachment, whereas sub-MIC levels of teicoplanin had little effect.
      Pre-exposure of S. epidermidis to sub-MICs of ciprofloxacin and fusidic acid also
      reduced slime production and colonisation. In comparison, pre-exposure of S.
      epidermidis to teicoplanin 1.0 mg/L did not influence colonisation, whereas at
      0.1 mg/L it was reduced. The model allowed investigation of bacterial
      colonisation of cannulae and offers a screening system for the assessment of
      potential agents for the prophylaxis and treatment of these infections.

PMID- 3392731
TI  - Abstracts of the Xth annual meeting of the International Society for Heart
      Research. Williamsburg, Virginia, 26-29 June 1988.

PMID- 3392730
TI  - A study of the evolution of specific and non-specific immune complexes in acute
      hepatitis B and chronic hepatitis.
AB  - Circulating immune complexes (ICs) containing IgG and HBsAg, and IgG and HBeAg,
      in sera from groups of patients with various liver diseases were sought by ELISA
      and immunodiffusion. A correlation was found between the absence of ICs and the
      disappearance of HBsAg in patients who had recovered from acute hepatitis B, but
      complexes containing HBsAg were always found in chronic hepatitis.

PMID- 3392732
TI  - The use of infrared photography in differentiating pigmented lesions.

PMID- 3392733
TI  - The use of silicone oil in vitreoretinal surgery.

PMID- 3392734
TI  - Retinal reattachment--quality and appropriateness of care.

PMID- 3392735
TI  - Penlight test for glare disability of cataracts.

PMID- 3392736
TI  - Choroidal osteoma.

PMID- 3392737
TI  - Issues raised by the Women's Health Trial.

PMID- 3392738
TI  - Pharmacology and drug development.

PMID- 3392739
TI  - Scientists and journals, errors and fraud: who's responsible?

PMID- 3392740
TI  - Vice President Bush asks cancer panel to study drug regulation.

PMID- 3392741
TI  - Predictive model for plasma concentration-versus-time profiles of investigational
      anticancer drugs in patients.
AB  - We report a model that provides a strong correlation between mouse toxicity data
      [mouse lethal dose 10% (LD10)] and human plasma concentration-versus-time (CXT)
      data for 22 commonly used anticancer agents. Mouse toxicity data (LD10) from two
      dosing schedules, daily times one and daily times seven, were evaluated for the
      two mouse strains BDF/1 and Swiss. Data from BDF/1 mice were selected for
      analysis because they were more abundant. Strong correlations were found between
      LD10 and human plasma CXT data for both daily times one and daily times seven
      dosing schedules--ln (CXT) = -1.6504 + [0.8408 X ln (LD10)], r = .84, P less than
      .0001, and ln (CXT) = -0.0754 + [0.8954 X ln (LD10)], r = .90, P less than .0001,
      respectively. These correlations may serve as useful models to predict the
      maximally tolerated dose of an investigational anticancer agent prior to entry
      into clinical trials and to assist in the selection of clinically relevant in
      vitro CXTs for new-agent screening against human tumors.

PMID- 3392742
TI  - Dietary fat in relation to prognostic indicators in breast cancer.
AB  - The relation of diet, especially fat intake, to recognized prognostic indicators
      for breast cancer was investigated in 666 women with a newly diagnosed
      infiltrating breast carcinoma. Diet during the year preceding diagnosis was
      assessed by interview using a food frequency questionnaire covering the intake of
      114 food items. Prognostic indicators included axillary node involvement at
      diagnosis, estrogen receptor status, and selected histologic features of the
      primary tumor such as nuclear grade, histologic grade, tubule formation, mitotic
      activity, and nuclear size of tumor cells. After adjustment for total energy
      intake, age, body weight, and tumor size at diagnosis, an increase in saturated
      fat intake was related to an increased frequency of node involvement at diagnosis
      among postmenopausal patients. In contrast, an elevation in polyunsaturated fat
      intake was related to a reduction of the percentage of patients with positive
      nodes at diagnosis. This relation was observed among both premenopausal and
      postmenopausal patients. Dietary fat was not related to the estrogen receptor
      status of tumors. No association was found between dietary habits and histologic
      features of the primary tumor. These data suggest that dietary fat may have an
      effect on the growth or spread of breast cancer during the preclinical phase of
      the disease and that this effect may vary according to the type of fat
      considered.

PMID- 3392743
TI  - Radiolabeled monoclonal antibody 15 and its fragments for localization and
      imaging of xenografts of human lung cancer.
AB  - Monoclonal antibody (MAb) 15 and its F(ab')2 and Fab fragments were
      radioiodinated, and their biodistribution and imaging were compared in BALB/c
      nude mice bearing a xenograft of a human lung cancer (TKB-2). Association
      constants for 125I-labeled MAb 15 IgG, F(ab')2, and Fab were 1.9 X 10(9), 1.8 X
      10(9), and 3.7 X 10(8) M-1, respectively. Immunoreactive fractions ranged from
      0.59 to 0.50. Cultured TKB-2 cells expressed 1.1 X 10(4) binding sites/cell for
      MAb 15 IgG in vitro. The binding of a control antibody and the binding of its
      fragments to TKB-2 cells were less than 3% of the input doses. The mice with the
      TKB-2 tumors were given simultaneous injections of 10 microCi of 131I-labeled MAb
      15 or its fragments and 10 microCi of 125I-labeled control IgG or its fragments.
      With MAb 15 IgG, the percentage of the injected dose bound per gram of tissue
      (ID/g) of the tumor was 3.68% at day 7, when the localization index (LI) was
      4.38. At day 2 after MAb 15 F(ab')2 injection, 1.12% of the ID/g was localized in
      the tumor and the LI was 3.04. After MAb 15 Fab injection, the percentage of the
      ID/g of the tumor was 0.31% and the LI was 2.58 at day 1. MAb 15 IgG, F(ab')2,
      and Fab cleared from the blood early, with a half-life of 33, 16, and 9 hours,
      respectively. The distributions of MAb 15 and its fragments in the normal organs
      did not differ from those of the control. Radioimaging with 100 microCi of 131I
      labeled MAb 15 and its fragments showed that 42%, 44%, and 32% of the total-body
      count were localized in the tumor with IgG at day 7, F(ab')2 at day 2, or Fab at
      day 1, respectively. Because the radioactivity remaining in the tumor with Fab
      was low, the image was insufficient. Throughout the period, less than 10% of the
      control IgG and its fragments remained in the tumor. Microautoradiography
      confirmed the binding of MAb 15 and its fragments to the tumor cells. In this
      study the F(ab')2 was the best compromise between the slowly cleared IgG and the
      poorly localized Fab in tumor imaging.

PMID- 3392744
TI  - Metabolic imaging in microregions of tumors and normal tissues with
      bioluminescence and photon counting.
AB  - A method has been developed for metabolic imaging on a microscopic level in
      tumors, tumor spheroids, and normal tissues. The technique makes it possible to
      determine the spatial distribution of glucose, lactate, and ATP in absolute terms
      at similar locations within tissues or cell aggregates. The substrate
      distributions are registered in serial cryostat sections from tissue cryobiopsies
      or from frozen spheroids with the use of bioluminescence reactions. The light
      emission is measured directly by a special imaging photon counting system
      enabling on-line image analysis. The technique has been applied to human breast
      cancer xenografts, to spheroids originating from a human colon adenocarcinoma,
      and to skeletal rat muscle. Preliminary data obtained indicate that
      heterogeneities in the substrate distributions measured are much more pronounced
      in tumors than in normal tissue. There was no obvious correlation among the three
      quantities measured at similar locations within the tissues. The distribution of
      ATP corresponded well with the histological structure of larger spheroids; values
      were low in the necrotic center and high in the viable rim of these cell
      aggregates.

PMID- 3392745
TI  - Malignant lymphomas in patients with or at risk for AIDS in Italy. Italian
      Cooperative Group for AIDS-Related Tumors.
AB  - For the first time the presence of a consistent number of malignant lymphomas (95
      patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and 35 with Hodgkin's disease) among persons
      with human immunodeficiency virus infection has been documented in Europe. In
      contrast to American patients with malignant lymphomas, who were reported to be
      predominantly homosexuals, the Italian patients were mostly iv drug abusers.
      Patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas had an increased incidence of high-grade
      subtypes and presented an advanced stage with frequent CNS (25 patients) but not
      anorectal or oral involvement. Patients with Hodgkin's disease had an increased
      incidence of mixed cellularity and lymphocytic depletion subtypes and stage III
      and IV disease. The occurrence of malignant lymphomas was correlated with a poor
      prognosis: median survival in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas was only 4
      months, while in patients with Hodgkin's disease it was 15 months.

PMID- 3392746
TI  - Oral metoclopramide with or without diphenhydramine: potential for prevention of
      late nausea and vomiting induced by cisplatin.
AB  - Late nausea and vomiting lasting 2-7 days occurs in 20%-68% of patients receiving
      cisplatin. We therefore studied the effects of oral metoclopramide given at doses
      of 20, 50, or 100 mg four times a day for 25 doses (7 days) beginning after
      cisplatin to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) for prophylactic oral
      antiemetic regimens. Patients were stratified into younger (less than or equal to
      30 yr old) and older (greater than 30 yr old) groups. Dose escalation was
      performed without or with concomitant oral diphenhydramine. For the younger
      group, the MTD for metoclopramide without diphenhydramine was less than 20 mg,
      and the MTD with diphenhydramine was 20 mg. For the older group, the MTD without
      diphenhydramine was 20 mg, and the MTD with diphenhydramine was 50 mg.
      Extrapyramidal reactions in the younger group and agitated depression in the
      older group were the major dose-terminating toxic effects. Patient acceptance of
      these regimens was excellent.

PMID- 3392747
TI  - Tobacco products litigation.

PMID- 3392748
TI  - Affirmative action in medical education.

PMID- 3392749
TI  - Current epidemiologic status on aging in U.S. blacks: update on hypertension and
      diabetes.
AB  - The total number of American blacks aged 65 years and over is estimated to be
      approximately 2.3 million, and the black elderly population will continue to
      increase faster than the white elderly population throughout the remainder of
      this century. During the period 1985 to 2025, the elderly population in the
      United States will increase to 105 percent.The prevalence of hypertension and
      diabetes for the elderly population (65 years and over) is much higher in blacks
      than in whites. During the period 1976 to 1980, 76.5 percent of black women aged
      65 to 74 years had definite hypertension, compared with 53.4 percent of white
      women.Many factors are associated with the development of hypertension and
      diabetes in blacks. Specfic epidemiologic studies are necessary to identify black
      white differences in risk factors, including biomedical risk, socioeconomic
      status, psychosocial risk, nutritional status, lifestyle, and genetic factors.

PMID- 3392750
TI  - Training psychiatric residents to treat blacks.
AB  - As only 600 of the 30,000 psychiatrists in America are black, it is apparent that
      black psychiatrists in the United States will not be able to meet the needs of
      all the mentally ill blacks in this country. In view of this situation, the
      authors feel that psychiatric residency training programs should prepare
      psychiatric residents to treat black patients. This paper describes some of the
      knowledge base and experience that residents need to treat black psychiatric
      patients.

PMID- 3392752
TI  - Human variation: informing the public.

PMID- 3392751
TI  - Sexual contacts of intravenous drug abusers: implications for the next spread of
      the AIDS epidemic.
AB  - A scarcity of knowledge exists regarding the sexual behavior of intravenous drug
      abusers (IVDAs) despite their potential role in the heterosexual transmission of
      acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Using a standardized questionnaire of
      drug and sexual practices, 96 patients enrolled in methadone maintenance
      treatment in New York City were interviewed anonymously.Over one half of the 767
      sexual contacts reported by this sample were non-IVDAs. Male IVDAs, compared with
      female IVDAs, reported a significantly greater percentage of heterosexual non
      IVDA contacts (P < .001). Participating in needle-sharing behavior or being
      younger than 35 years of age was also associated with a significant probability
      (P < .001) of having a non-drug-using sex partner. Female IVDAs, as compared with
      male IVDAs, were at greater risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection
      from sexual contacts with male IVDAs and their own parenteral drug use. Black and
      Hispanic IVDAs, in contrast to white IVDAs, reported a statistically
      insignificant greater percentage of non-IVDA sex partners.These findings suggest
      that aggressive health education campaigns targeted for IVDAs and sexually active
      female non-IVDAs are sorely needed to reduce HIV-exposing sexual behaviors,
      especially in communities where intravenous drug use is prevalent.

PMID- 3392753
TI  - A practical approach to needs assessment for chemical dependency programs.
AB  - The authors discuss the concept of Needs Assessment within the context of the
      planning process for chemical dependency treatment programs. The five basic Needs
      Assessment approaches are critically reviewed, and their application in specific
      forecasting models is addressed. Practical guidelines for the clinical planner
      using Needs Assessment techniques are discussed, and recommendations made for the
      type, timing, and frequency of assessment. The authors note the problems inherent
      in the multiplicity of methods used by various states, and call for a uniform
      approach to Needs Assessment.

PMID- 3392754
TI  - Odyssey House, Inc. of New York.

PMID- 3392756
TI  - Studies in REST. III. REST, arousability, and the nature of alcohol and substance
      abuse.
AB  - Recent literature on the diagnosis, differentiation, and identification of
      alcoholism, substance abuse, smoking, obesity, compulsive gambling, and
      sociopathy was reviewed. Research evidence suggests that these behavior disorders
      are associated with high levels of the trait of arousability. Highly arousable
      individuals often experience intense, easily aroused emotional reactions to
      stressful stimulation, and they are strongly predisposed toward alcohol and/or
      substance abuse. For these individuals, psychoactive chemicals have strongly
      reinforcing effects, since they alleviate unpleasant emotions associated with
      excessive arousal. Reduced Environmental Stimulation Therapy (REST) consistently
      lowers arousal to optimal, subjectively comfortable levels, without psychoactive
      chemicals. REST has demonstrated its effectiveness for alcohol and drug abuse,
      smoking, and obesity, all of which are associated with high arousability.

PMID- 3392755
TI  - Studies in REST. I. Reduced Environmental Stimulation Therapy (REST) and reduced
      alcohol consumption.
AB  - Reduced Environmental Stimulation Therapy (REST), formerly known as "sensory
      deprivation," was used in conjunction with pre-recorded anti-alcohol messages to
      reduce alcohol consumption. Subjects were college students of both sexes who were
      "heavy social drinkers," that is, early prodromal alcoholics. There were two
      studies. In the pilot study experimental subjects had two and a half hours of
      REST, during which they heard one of two differently worded anti-alcohol
      messages. After two weeks their alcohol intake dropped significantly from
      baseline levels (33% and 29%); control subjects showed no significant changes. In
      a replication and follow-up study experimental subjects had two and a half hours
      of REST, during which they heard a revised version of the most effective anti
      alcohol message used in the pilot study. Two weeks later their alcohol
      consumption dropped 55% from baseline levels. These reductions in alcohol intake
      were fully sustained on follow-up three months and six months later. Untreated
      control subjects showed increased alcohol intake on follow-up.

PMID- 3392757
TI  - Substance abuse among men who batter their mates. The dangerous mix.
AB  - The relationship between battering and alcohol abuse has been recognized but
      little research has been done on the incidence of combined drug and alcohol abuse
      among men who batter. This exploratory study is based on data obtained from the
      intake records of 234 male batterers who had charges filed against them at the
      Marion County Prosecutor's Office in Indianapolis. The findings show that men who
      were charged with Battery A (the more violent offenses) were considerably more
      likely than those charged with Battery B to have either a drug problem or a dual
      alcohol and drug problem. This article concludes by suggesting the need for well
      coordinated interagency treatment programs. It also documents the need for
      establishing valid assessment instruments that have the potential for identifying
      high risk chemically dependent batterers.

PMID- 3392758
TI  - Neuropsychologically impaired alcoholics: assessment, treatment considerations,
      and rehabilitation.
AB  - Recently there has been a resurgence of interest in the neuropsychological status
      of the alcoholic. The research documenting neuropsychological deficits has
      consistently shown impairments in abstract reasoning ability, visuospatial and
      visuomotor ability, and learning and memory skills. Despite these findings, it
      appears that many alcohol treatment clinicians interpret patient behavior from a
      psychological perspective and treatment programs make unwarranted assumptions
      about patients' ability to profit from standard treatment approaches. This paper
      discusses these issues, and presents an outline of an innovative cognitive
      rehabilitation program designed specifically to meet the needs of
      neuropsychologically impaired alcoholic patients.

PMID- 3392759
TI  - Concern over phantom images.

PMID- 3392760
TI  - Pulmonary edema.

PMID- 3392761
TI  - Monitoring pulmonary vascular permeability using radiolabeled transferrin.
AB  - A simple, noninvasive technique for monitoring pulmonary vascular permeability in
      patients in critical care units is discussed. High vascular permeability is
      observed in patients with clinically defined adult respiratory distress syndrome
      (ARDS) but not in patients with hydrostatic pulmonary edema or in patients with
      minor pulmonary insults who are considered to be at risk of developing ARDS. The
      technique has been used in the field of therapeutics and pharmacology to test the
      effects of the putative antipermeability agents methylprednisolone and
      terbutaline sulfate. There appears to be a good correlation between the acute
      inhibitory effect of either drug on transferrin exudation and patient prognosis.
      Thus, a byproduct of such drug studies may be an index of survival in patients
      with established ARDS.

PMID- 3392762
TI  - Factors affecting regional pulmonary blood flow in chronic ischemic heart
      disease.
AB  - To assess the effect of left heart disease on pulmonary blood flow distribution,
      we measured mean pulmonary arterial and wedge pressures, cardiac output,
      pulmonary vascular resistance, pulmonary blood volume, and arterial oxygen
      tension before and after treatment in 13 patients with longstanding ischemic
      heart failure and pulmonary edema. Pulmonary edema was evaluated by a
      radiographic score, and regional lung perfusion was quantified on a lung scan by
      the upper to lower third ratio (U:L ratio) of pulmonary blood flow per unit of
      lung volume. In all cases, redistribution of lung perfusion toward the apical
      regions was observed; this pattern was not affected by treatment. After
      treatment, pulmonary vascular pressures, resistance, and edema were reduced,
      while pulmonary blood volume did not change. At this time, pulmonary vascular
      resistance showed a positive correlation with the U:L ratio (r = 0.78; P less
      than 0.01), whereas no correlation was observed between U:L ratio and wedge
      pressure, pulmonary edema, or arterial oxygen tension. Hence, redistribution of
      pulmonary blood flow, in these patients, reflects chronic structural vascular
      changes prevailing in the dependent lung regions.

PMID- 3392763
TI  - Schistosomiasis control in irrigation schemes in Zimbabwe.
AB  - The potential contribution by engineers to the control of schistosomiasis in
      irrigation schemes is examined with reference to work in Zimbabwe. In larger
      schemes, snail control using molluscicides has proved effective. In smaller
      schemes, where this is impracticable, careful design and operation may reduce
      transmission. Appropriate measures are currently being assessed in a pilot
      project.

PMID- 3392764
TI  - Determinants of growth in the first 6 months of life among the urban poor in
      Sudan.
AB  - This paper presents part of a longitudinal study carried out in the three towns
      of Khartoum Province in the period December 1983 to April 1985. It was attempting
      to determine the duration of satisfactory breast-feeding in healthy breast-fed
      infants of mothers attending maternal and child health centres in the three
      towns; Khartoum, Khartoum-North and Omdurman. The main objective of the present
      paper is to compare samples from the three towns in terms of the factors
      affecting weight gain. Four hundred and thirty-nine infants were recruited at
      birth and home visited every 2 weeks. At each visit weight was measured and it
      was recorded whether any supplements had been given and whether the child had
      been ill. Length was measured every 4 weeks. There were significant differences
      between the samples from the three towns in attained weights and weight
      increments. Weight gains were lowest in the Khartoum North sample in the first 3
      months, but from 3 to 6 months were highest, almost equalling the NCHS reference.
      In the Khartoum and Omdurman samples growth from 0 to 3 months exceeded the
      reference but from 3 to 6 months was less than the reference. Fifty per cent of
      infants were supplemented by 13 weeks in the Omdurman sample; the median time of
      supplementation in the other two samples was 17 weeks. Only in Khartoum did
      delaying supplementation seem to benefit growth. Infections were most common
      among the Omdurman sample.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3392765
TI  - Onchocerciasis in Ecuador: recent observations in the province of Esmeraldas.
AB  - To evaluate the transmission of onchocerciasis that had occurred in the past 6
      years in the province of Esmeraldas, in 1986 the onchocercal focus was re
      examined using the same methodology as in the original survey of 1980. An
      increased prevalence of infection of 73.9% was noted, with an increase of 73.0%
      found in the principal focus, the Santiago Basin, and a 76.7% increase in the
      satellite foci. In the principle focus, a higher increase was noted on the Rio
      Santiago (88.8%) than on the Rio Cayapas (68.6%), while an increase of only 39.7%
      was seen on the Rio Onzoles. Geographical extension of both the onchocercal focus
      and its respective hyperendemic areas were found on the Rio Cayapas and Rio
      Santiago. A higher increased prevalence of infection was found in the children
      (210.0%) than in the adults (29.5%). In the satellite foci, the Rio Canande
      showed the higher increase of infection (146.4%), with an increase of 61.3% seen
      in adults and 1409.1% in children. Active transmission of the disease exists in
      all onchocercal foci, each with its distinct and varying intensity.

PMID- 3392766
TI  - Acute symptoms in coffee workers.
AB  - Processing of green coffee before export, as carried out in Sri Lanka, is a very
      dusty process. Thirty-eight workers, who were exposed to coffee dust
      intermittently, were studied. They developed acute symptoms referrable to the
      eyes, nostrils and respiratory tract. Cough (84.2%), sputum (76.3%), sneezing
      (73.7%), difficulty in breathing (63.2%) and running nose (55.3%) were the
      commonest symptoms. Of the workers 10.5% had a wheeze. These symptoms lasted only
      during the hours that workers were exposed to the dust, and subsided on returning
      home after the day's work.

PMID- 3392767
TI  - Health requirements of engineering works.

PMID- 3392768
TI  - Mapping of the fibrotropic and lymphotropic host range determinants of the
      parvovirus minute virus of mice.
AB  - The fibrotropic and lymphotropic strains of minute virus of mice are each unable
      to grow lytically in the differentiated host cell type of the other strain. To
      map the viral sequence responsible for the target cell specificities of the two
      strains, we constructed chimeric viral genomes in vitro from infectious genomic
      clones. The phenotypes of viral progeny derived from the chimeric genomes were
      tested by transfecting the plasmids into fibroblast monolayers and assaying
      plaque formation and by testing stocks of the recombinant viruses for
      cytotoxicity in fibroblast and lymphocyte cultures. Both the fibrotropic and
      lymphotropic determinants mapped to the same 237-nucleotide sequence within the
      coding region of the virus structural gene. A second sequence, near the viral
      promoter at map unit 38, was also shown to affect viral growth in fibroblast host
      cells profoundly.

PMID- 3392769
TI  - Purified envelope glycoproteins from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 variants
      induce individual, type-specific neutralizing antibodies.
AB  - Repeated immunizations of goats, horses, or chimpanzees with envelope
      glycoprotein gp120 isolated from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)
      resulted in type-specific neutralizing-antibody responses, which began to decay
      approximately 20 days following the administration of antigen. This was true
      repeatedly for serum samples from animals hyperimmunized with gp120s from either
      the HTLV-IIIB (IIIB) or the envelope-divergent HTLV-IIIRF (RF) HIV-1 isolates.
      Animals previously immunized with the IIIB gp120 were then inoculated with
      purified RF gp120. The first response in these animals was an anamnestic
      resurgence of neutralizing antibody to IIIB without detectable neutralizing
      antibody for RF. However, with later RF gp120 boosts, the IIIB neutralizing
      antibody titers fell and an RF type-specific neutralizing-antibody response
      developed. When assessed with other HIV-1 variants, no group-specific
      neutralizing antibody was seen in any of the vaccination protocols evaluated.
      These results will pose real obstacles in the development of an effective vaccine
      for HIV.

PMID- 3392770
TI  - Effect of actinomycin D and cycloheximide on replication of Sindbis virus in
      Aedes albopictus (mosquito) cells.
AB  - Production of Sindbis virus in the presence of transcription and translation
      inhibitors was examined in three Aedes albopictus cell lines. Addition of
      cycloheximide to heat-resistant Sindbis virus (SVHR)-infected mosquito cells
      arrested viral RNA synthesis completely, in contrast to the effects of this drug
      on virus-infected vertebrate cells. Production of mature virus by both SVHR (a
      variant commonly used as a wild-type virus) and SBamr (a mutant which is
      resistant to the effects of 18 h of pretreatment of vertebrate cells with
      actinomycin D) in mosquito u4.4, C6-36, and C7-10 cells was inhibited by 2 h of
      pretreatment with actinomycin D. Pretreatment with this drug for 2 h slightly
      enhances virus production in vertebrate cells. Treatment of mosquito cells with
      actinomycin D resulted in shutoff of SVHR RNA synthesis. The mutant SBamr was
      able to overcome the effects of actinomycin D on viral RNA synthesis and produced
      both 26S and 49S RNAs, even though no viral structural proteins or mature
      particles were produced in the presence of the drug. This result suggests that,
      in the presence of actinomycin, the nonstructural genes of SBamr are translated
      sufficiently to allow for RNA synthesis but that 26S RNA may not be translated to
      an extent that allows significant virus production. These data demonstrate that
      host components are involved in at least two distinct steps in the production of
      Sindbis virus in mosquito cells: (i) production of viral RNA and (ii) synthesis
      of viral structural polypeptides.

PMID- 3392771
TI  - Generation of measles virus defective interfering particles and their presence in
      a preparation of attenuated live-virus vaccine.
AB  - By starting from a thrice-purified wild-type measles virus plaque, the generation
      of detectable subgenomic RNAs was achieved within a series of five serial
      infections of Vero cells. The evolution of these subgenomic RNAs was followed for
      seven serial passages and ended with the preparation of a highly interfering
      viral stock. On the other hand, the detection of discrete subgenomic RNAs was
      achieved during the first infection of Vero cells with at least one of three
      measles virus vaccine preparations tested. These subgenomic RNAs, which
      interfered very efficiently with the replication of the endogenous standard
      genomes upon vaccine infection but showed a moderate interfering activity with a
      standard virus stock derived by plaque purification from the vaccine preparation,
      resulted from the presence of defective interfering particles in the vaccine
      preparation. The relevance of this finding for the attenuation, stability, and
      potential capacity for persistent infection of such a vaccine is discussed.

PMID- 3392772
TI  - Bacteriophage T4 genes sp and 40 apparently are the same.
AB  - The bacteriophage T4 spackle gene, which maintains host membrane integrity,
      mapped at the same position as gene 40 (head morphogenesis). The cloned spackle
      gene complemented and cross-reactivated a gene 40 mutant. Like the spackle
      mutant, gene 40 mutants were defective in genetic exclusion. Apparently, genes
      spackle and 40 are the same gene.

PMID- 3392773
TI  - Electroporation-mediated transfection of Acholeplasma laidlawii with mycoplasma
      virus L1 and L3 DNA.
AB  - In contrast to mycoplasma virus L1 and L2 circular DNA, mycoplasma virus L3
      linear DNA is not biologically active in polyethylene glycol-mediated
      transfection. Electroporation of Acholeplasma laidlawii, however, leads to plaque
      formation after incubation with L3 DNA. The efficiency of electroporation
      mediated transfection is 1/10 that of polyethylene glycol-mediated transfection
      as estimated with L1 DNA. Trypsin treatment of cells before DNA addition
      increases the efficiency of DNA uptake.

PMID- 3392774
TI  - Replication of B19 parvovirus in highly enriched hematopoietic progenitor cells
      from normal human bone marrow.
AB  - The target cell specificity of the B19 parvovirus infection was examined by
      isolating highly enriched hematopoietic progenitor and stem cells from normal
      human bone marrow. The efficiency of the B19 parvovirus replication in enriched
      erythroid progenitor cells was approximately 100-fold greater than that in
      unseparated bone marrow cells. The more-primitive progenitor cells identical to
      or closely related to the human pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells, on the
      other hand, did not support viral replication. The B19 progeny virus produced by
      the enriched erythroid progenitor cells was infectious and strongly suppressed
      erythropoiesis in vitro. The susceptibility of both the more-primitive erythroid
      progenitors (burst-forming units-erythroid) and the more-mature erythroid
      progenitors (CFU-erythroid) to the cytolytic response of the virus and the lack
      of effect on the myeloid progenitors (CFU-granulocyte-macrophage) further give
      evidence to the remarkable tropism of the B19 parvovirus for human hematopoietic
      cells of erythroid lineage.

PMID- 3392776
TI  - The nuclear waste problem: how to dispose of the undisposable?

PMID- 3392777
TI  - White House aide studying AIDS Commission recommendations; reports to President
      soon.

PMID- 3392775
TI  - A molecularly cloned hepatitis B virus produced in vitro is infectious in a
      chimpanzee.
AB  - The infectivity of hepatitis B virus (HBV) produced in vitro by HepG2 cells
      transfected with HBV DNA (HepG2T14) has been assayed in a chimpanzee. Following
      inoculation, the chimpanzee underwent a typical course of type B hepatitis
      infection, characterized by elevation of serum aminotransferases and by
      histological identification of hepatic damage. Hepatitis B surface antigen and
      core-related antigen appeared in the serum at weeks 5 and 7, respectively, after
      infection. HBV DNA was detected in serum samples, and replicative forms of the
      HBV genome were identified in liver biopsies. Subtype identification of hepatitis
      B surface antigen and restriction enzyme analysis of HBV DNA in both the inoculum
      and the serum of the infected chimpanzee confirmed that the hepatitis B infection
      observed in this animal was caused by viral particles produced by HepG2T14 cells.
      These findings indicate that, although HepG2 cells do not seem to be susceptible
      to infection by HBV in vitro, they can produce biologically active infectious
      virions after transfection with cloned HBV DNA.

PMID- 3392778
TI  - As nation's long, hot summer drags on, so does war against forms of air
      pollution.

PMID- 3392779
TI  - Do low levels of iron affect body's ability to regulate temperature, experience
      cold?

PMID- 3392780
TI  - From the Health Care Financing Administration.

PMID- 3392781
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Partner notification for preventing human immunodeficiency
      virus (HIV) infection--Colorado, Idaho, South Carolina, Virginia.

PMID- 3392782
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Human cutaneous anthrax--North Carolina, 1987.

PMID- 3392783
TI  - Finding the high-risk patient with coronary artery disease.

PMID- 3392784
TI  - Building-associated risk of febrile acute respiratory disease.

PMID- 3392785
TI  - Isolated antibody to hepatitis B core antigen and the immune response to
      hepatitis B vaccination.

PMID- 3392786
TI  - Local anesthesia for neonatal circumcision.

PMID- 3392787
TI  - Single-dose packaging of meningococcal vaccine.

PMID- 3392788
TI  - Stability of specialty preferences among medical school graduates.

PMID- 3392789
TI  - Say you/say me: notice of plagiarism.

PMID- 3392790
TI  - A meta-analysis of alcohol consumption in relation to risk of breast cancer.
AB  - Epidemiologic findings regarding the relation between alcohol consumption and
      risk of breast cancer have been inconsistent. We performed a meta-analysis (a
      quantitative review) of the available data. To evaluate whether there was a dose
      response relation between alcohol consumption and risk of breast cancer, we
      fitted mathematical models to the pooled data. There was strong evidence to
      support a dose-response relation in both the case-control and follow-up
      epidemiologic data. Using the dose-response curves that we calculated, the risk
      of breast cancer at an alcohol intake of 24 g (1 oz) of absolute alcohol daily
      (about two drinks daily) relative to nondrinkers was 1.4 (95% confidence
      interval, 1.0 to 1.8) in the case-control data and was 1.7 (95% confidence
      interval, 1.4 to 2.2) in the follow-up data. We interpret these findings not as
      proof of causality, but as strongly supportive of an association between alcohol
      consumption and risk of breast cancer.

PMID- 3392791
TI  - Reye's syndrome and aspirin. Evidence for a dose-response effect.
AB  - Data collected from the Public Health Service Main Study of Reye's Syndrome and
      Medications were analyzed to assess the relationship between the development of
      Reye's syndrome and the dose of aspirin received during the antecedent
      respiratory or chickenpox illness. Among those exposed to aspirin, case-patients
      were found to have received greater average daily and maximum daily doses of
      aspirin and greater doses of aspirin on the first four days of the antecedent
      illness (median, 25.1 mg/kg; 33.0 mg/kg; and 65.4 mg/kg; respectively) than did
      controls (median, 14.5 mg/kg; 19.0 mg/kg; and 27.0 mg/kg; respectively). The
      excess risk associated with increasing aspirin doses was due primarily to
      intermediate levels of dose (eg, 15 to 27 mg/kg per day) rather than higher
      levels (greater than 27 mg/kg per day). The dose difference between exposed case
      patients and controls was greatest on days 3 and 4 of the antecedent illness.

PMID- 3392792
TI  - 'Lactate washout' following circulatory arrest.
AB  - The measurement of arterial blood lactate concentration for the purpose of
      estimating the severity and prognosis of acute perfusion failure is suspect
      because of theoretical errors due to systemic "lactate washout" immediately
      following restoration of perfusion. If arterial lactate concentrations continue
      to increase following resuscitation, the assumption that increasing lactate
      concentrations indicate progression of anaerobiosis due to perfusion failure
      would be invalidated. Lactate washout was therefore investigated in a porcine
      model of cardiac arrest due to electromechanical dissociation. Cardiopulmonary
      resuscitation was initiated and maintained for intervals of 30 minutes or until
      spontaneous circulation was restored. In 25 trials on 14 successfully
      resuscitated animals, the arterial blood lactate concentration decreased within
      four minutes after resuscitation from cardiac arrest. In 24 animals in whom
      resuscitation efforts failed, arterial lactate concentrations increased
      throughout the observation period. Lactate washout occurred during an interval of
      only 2.6 +/- 0.3 minutes (mean +/- SEM). These results indicate that lactate
      measurements are not invalidated because of a washout phenomenon under the
      extreme conditions of cardiac arrest.

PMID- 3392793
TI  - Establishment of the Colorado Physician Health Program with a legislative
      initiative.
AB  - The Colorado Physician Health Program, a statewide peer health assistance program
      for physicians, has been developed as a not-for-profit, freestanding corporation
      through the cooperative efforts of organized medicine. A recently enacted
      Colorado statute provides for funding through a surcharge on physician licensure
      fees. The use of an employee assistance model has minimized potential conflicts
      of interest and allowed the program to assist both physicians and the Colorado
      Board of Medical Examiners.

PMID- 3392794
TI  - Late complications of curative treatment in Hodgkin's disease.

PMID- 3392795
TI  - Medical science, infectious disease, and the unity of humankind.

PMID- 3392796
TI  - Man-made death: a neglected mortality.

PMID- 3392798
TI  - A piece of my mind. Remembered pain.

PMID- 3392797
TI  - Beauty today and youth tomorrow?

PMID- 3392799
TI  - Science, politics, and radiation.

PMID- 3392800
TI  - Philosophy on trial: examining ethics of clinical investigations.

PMID- 3392802
TI  - Stockholm speakers on adolescents and AIDS: 'catch them before they catch it'.

PMID- 3392801
TI  - Physicians, journalists, ethicists explore their adversarial, interdependent
      relationship.

PMID- 3392803
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Progress toward achieving the 1990 objectives for pregnancy
      and infant health.

PMID- 3392804
TI  - It's almost over--more letters on Debbie.

PMID- 3392806
TI  - Caring for the patient with AIDS.

PMID- 3392805
TI  - Ethical issues in the AIDS crisis: the HIV-positive practitioner.

PMID- 3392807
TI  - HMO financial incentives and informed consent.

PMID- 3392808
TI  - Physician referrals in a competitive environment.

PMID- 3392809
TI  - Fraudulent studies and meta-analysis.

PMID- 3392810
TI  - Patients' and families' preferences for medical intensive care.
AB  - Medical ethics suggest that life-sustaining treatment decisions should be made
      with consideration for patients' preferences and quality of life. Patients were
      interviewed who were at least 55 years old and had experienced medical intensive
      care at a university hospital during a one-year period to determine their
      preferences regarding intensive care; family members were interviewed if the
      patient had died (n = 160). Seventy percent of patients and families were 100%
      willing to undergo intensive care again to achieve even one month of survival; 8%
      were completely unwilling to undergo intensive care to achieve any prolongation
      of survival. Preferences were poorly correlated with functional status or quality
      of life and were not altered by life expectancy for 82% of respondents. Age,
      severity of critical illness, length of stay, and charges for intensive care did
      not influence willingness to undergo intensive care. These data suggest that
      personal preferences may conflict with any health policy that limits the
      allocation of intensive care based on age, function, or quality of life.

PMID- 3392811
TI  - Ethics committees and decisions to limit care. The experience at the
      Massachusetts General Hospital.
AB  - Decisions to limit care for terminally ill patients present a number of ethical
      and legal issues. For the past 13 years, the Optimum Care Committee (OCC) of the
      Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, has provided advice for physicians faced
      with such issues. I have reviewed the experience of the committee with the 73
      cases on which it provided consultation from 1974 through 1986. In addition, I
      have compared these cases with those of all 113 patients at the Massachusetts
      General Hospital who were accorded do-not-resuscitate status without OCC input
      during a three-month period and found that the two groups differed significantly
      on a number of clinical variables. I have also found that the OCC cases fall into
      six categories, each of which presents different ethical and legal issues. In
      addition, the use of the OCC within the hospital is increasing especially with
      regard to certain categories of cases. The committee has dealt with controversial
      issues in a consistent and ethically forthright manner, but legal and moral
      questions remain. More discussion of the role of ethics committees in withdrawal
      of-care cases is needed.

PMID- 3392812
TI  - An ethics consultation service in a teaching hospital. Utilization and
      evaluation.
AB  - A newly established formal ethics consultation service in a university teaching
      hospital was prospectively evaluated. A physician-ethicist interviewed and
      examined patients, interviewed family and others as needed, and entered a formal
      consultation note in the medical record. The requesting physician and the
      consultant independently completed structured questionnaires. Fifty-one
      consultation requests were received from 45 physicians from seven departments
      between July 1, 1986, and June 30, 1987. Seventeen (33%) of 51 patients were in
      the intensive care unit, and 19 patients (37%) were fully oriented at the time of
      consultation. Overall, 61% of the patients survived to leave the hospital. The
      requesting physician sought assistance with withholding or withdrawing life
      sustaining treatment in 49% of cases, with resuscitation issues in 37%, and with
      legal issues in 31%. Assistance with more than one issue was sought in 39 cases
      (76%). In 36 cases (71%), the requesting physician stated that the consultation
      was "very important" in patient management, in clarifying ethical issues, or in
      learning about medical ethics. We conclude that ethics consultation performed by
      physician-ethicists provides useful, clinically acceptable assistance in a
      teaching hospital.

PMID- 3392813
TI  - Ethical problems in the medical office.
AB  - The majority of health care in this country is provided to patients in the office
      setting. This study, conducted in an internal medicine office practice, describes
      the ethical problems encountered in medical offices. Two hundred eighty
      consecutive patients, a total of 562 office visits, were prospectively evaluated.
      Ethical problems were defined as being present when specific ethical issues came
      into conflict with the physician's moral obligation to benefit the patient. The
      majority of the patients studied were white (214) and were women (212). The mean
      age of the patients was 49 years, with a range from 17 to 98 years. Ethical
      problems were present in 84 (30%) of the patients and in 119 (21%) of the office
      visits. The most common ethical problems for the patients were costs of care
      (11.1%), psychological factors that influence preferences (9.6%), competence and
      capacity to choose (7.1%), refusal of treatment (6.4%), informed consent (5.7%),
      and confidentiality (3.2%). Ethical problems were more common in patients over 60
      years of age. This study establishes an educational as well as a research base
      for a broad study of biomedical ethics that looks beyond the problems encountered
      in the hospital.

PMID- 3392815
TI  - Righting the medical record. Transforming chronicle into story.
AB  - Narratives of illness in medical records and case presentations in teaching
      hospitals say surprisingly little about an important matter: what patients
      understand and feel. Nowadays, medical narratives tend to neglect or objectify
      subjective experience, including symptoms. Such narratives concentrate, in the
      manner of chronicles, on events in the exterior, objective world rather than the
      interior world of the sick. Medical students and physicians will construct more
      balanced accounts of human illness once they envision these accounts as "story",
      a form of narrative that traditionally accesses subjective experience as well as
      objective events. One can effectively begin the process of transforming medical
      chronicles into stories simply by asking patients what they know and how they
      feel about their situation and by documenting the response, using some of the
      patient's words, in the history of present illness. These actions will identify
      and preserve important information, facilitate empathy in all care givers who
      hear or read the history, and signal to everyone the physician's serious interest
      in patients as persons. Getting the voice of the patient into the history of
      present illness will not only help to right the medical record, but also help to
      right the relationship of physician and patient.

PMID- 3392816
TI  - Shifting responsibilities in organ procurement: a plan for routine referral.

PMID- 3392814
TI  - Maternal brain death during pregnancy. Medical and ethical issues.
AB  - We present in detail a case of a 27-year-old primigravida who was maintained in a
      brain-dead state for nine weeks. An apparently normal and healthy male infant
      weighing 1440 g was delivered. The newborn did well and was found to be growing
      and developing normally at 18 months of age. Although the technical aspects of
      prolonged life support are demanding and the economic costs are very high
      (+217,784), there are ample ethical arguments justifying the separation of brain
      death and somatic death and the maintenance of the brain-dead mother so that her
      unborn fetus can develop and mature.

PMID- 3392817
TI  - Let's work together! A call to America's physicians and the public we serve.

PMID- 3392818
TI  - Clinical ethics: biomedical ethics at the bedside.

PMID- 3392819
TI  - Measuring quality of life near the end of life.

PMID- 3392820
TI  - A piece of my mind. On building a private practice.

PMID- 3392821
TI  - Infusion of a branched-chain amino acid-enriched solution and alpha
      ketoisocaproic acid in septic rats: effects on nitrogen balance and skeletal
      muscle protein turnover.
AB  - Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture in male Sprague-Dawley rats
      weighing approximately 70 g and the animals were intravenously infused with one
      of four isocaloric solutions: group I (N = 16), 8.5% dextrose solution; group II
      (N = 16), alpha-ketoisocaproic acid (KIA, 5.1 mg/ml) in 8.5% dextrose; group III
      (N = 16), FreAmine HBC (containing 45% branched-chain amino acids) in 2.5%
      dextrose; and group IV (N = 17), FreAmine HBC in 2.5% dextrose + KIA (5.1 mg/ml).
      Eighteen hr after induction of sepsis, extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus
      (SOL) muscles were dissected with intact tendons and incubated for the study of
      protein synthesis and degradation, which were measured as incorporation of 14C
      phenylalanine into protein and release of tyrosine into incubation medium,
      respectively. Urine was collected for determination of nitrogen balance. Nitrogen
      balance, which was equally negative in groups I and II, was significantly
      improved in groups III and IV and became equally positive in these groups.
      Protein synthesis and degradation rates in incubated EDL and SOL muscles were
      similar to those which we have reported previously in septic rats. Except for a
      higher synthetic rate in SOL in group II, no other differences in protein
      synthesis or degradation rates between the four experimental groups were found.
      Thus, the present study showed that infusion of a branched-chain amino acid
      enriched solution improved nitrogen balance in septic rats. KIA alone or
      administered with the amino acid solution did not affect nitrogen
      balance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3392822
TI  - Impact of insulin on survival of cachectic tumor-bearing rats.
AB  - The present study was performed to determine if a host nutritional treatment,
      insulin, in the absence of antitumor treatment could improve survival of
      cachectic tumor-bearing (TB) rats. Initially food intake and host weight were
      correlated with survival of untreated rats with similar size sarcomas (45-50
      cm3). TB rat food intake (r = 0.69, p less than 0.0001) and host weight (r =
      0.47, p less than 0.004) correlated positively with subsequent survival. Once
      daily neutral protamine hagedorn (NPH) insulin treatment (2 units/100 g)
      significantly improved food intake (p less than 0.01) and host weight (p less
      than 0.01) of cachectic TB rats without increasing tumor growth. Twice daily NPH
      insulin (2 units/100 g) maintained normal food intake of cachectic TB rats and
      turned a host weight loss into a host weight gain which was significantly greater
      than untreated controls (p less than 0.001) and all other methods of insulin
      administration including once daily (p less than 0.001). Twice daily NPH insulin
      maintained mild hypoglycemia (glucose = 84 +/- 12 mg/dl) compared to once daily
      NPH insulin which resulted in hyperglycemia (glucose = 140 +/- 8 mg/dl, p less
      than 0.001) prior to next dose. In addition, twice daily NPH insulin did not
      increase tumor growth. Once daily NPH insulin for 5 days during cachectic decline
      was well tolerated (no treatment deaths), and improved median survival of TB rats
      randomized to insulin (15 days) compared to controls (13 days, p = 0.06).
      However, twice daily NPH insulin during cachectic decline failed to improve
      survival because of treatment deaths.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3392823
TI  - Empty iron stores as a significant risk factor in abdominal surgery.
AB  - The mortality and morbidity in abdominal surgery were investigated in two groups
      of patients, one with empty (N = 228) and the other with normal (N = 220) iron
      stores before operation. The estimation of body iron stores by measurements of
      serum ferritin concentration assumes that the only reason for a low ferritin
      value is an empty iron store. The results showed that the period of hospital
      treatment was shorter and the number of complications, especially infections,
      fewer, in patients with normal as compared to empty iron stores before the
      operation (p less than 0.001). These differences were especially striking in
      patients subjected to gastric or large bowel surgery. The results were not
      explained by differences in sex, age, serum albumin, or clinical anemia. The
      complications were not predictable from preoperative serum albumin, alkaline
      phosphatase, or alanine amino transferase levels. Among patients with
      postoperative complications those with preoperative empty iron stores also had a
      lower preoperative blood hemoglobin concentration (127 +/- 10 g/liter) than those
      with normal preoperative iron stores (136 +/- 9 g/liter). Thus it is speculated
      that the mechanisms behind postoperative complications due to preoperative empty
      iron stores might be a decrease in tissue oxygenation, resulting in an increased
      fatigue while working, decreased contractile capacity of the respiratory muscles,
      and a decrease in immune function. Thus a measurement of serum ferritin
      concentration and correction of empty iron stores is recommended before abdominal
      surgery.

PMID- 3392826
TI  - [Experience of the therapy for the patients with intracranial malignant
      lymphoma].

PMID- 3392824
TI  - Catheter occlusion, in which way are lipid emulsions responsible?

PMID- 3392825
TI  - [Magnetic resonance imaging of cerebral infarction--usefulness of Gd-DTPA].

PMID- 3392828
TI  - [20 cases of ectopic thyroid gland detected by thyroid scintigraphy].

PMID- 3392827
TI  - [Diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma in Graves' disease by thyroid calcification].

PMID- 3392829
TI  - [Detection of bone metastasis in the lung cancer by 67gallium scintigraphy].

PMID- 3392831
TI  - [Case of the month: Alagille's syndrome].

PMID- 3392832
TI  - [A case of basal ganglia calcification caused by anoxia].

PMID- 3392834
TI  - [A case of mediastinal parathyroid cyst].

PMID- 3392833
TI  - [A case of cavernous hemangioma of the brain].

PMID- 3392830
TI  - [Hepatic arterial embolization using flow directed microcatheter].

PMID- 3392835
TI  - [Successful treatment of traumatic hemobilia by repeat transarterial embolization
      -a case report].

PMID- 3392836
TI  - [Embolization of bilateral renal cell carcinoma: a case report].

PMID- 3392837
TI  - [A case of malignant localized mesothelioma of the pleura].

PMID- 3392839
TI  - [Innovation in the design of sensitivity-adjusting photographic paper for
      panoramic radiography].

PMID- 3392840
TI  - Isozyme pattern of leukocyte alpha-D-mannosidase in patients with mannosidosis.

PMID- 3392841
TI  - Screening for inherited metabolic diseases and congenital hypothyroidism in 4,744
      mentally retarded school children in Taiwan.

PMID- 3392838
TI  - [A case of fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva--early and follow-up imaging].

PMID- 3392842
TI  - Chromosome abnormalities and epileptic seizures.

PMID- 3392844
TI  - [Human genetics terminology].

PMID- 3392843
TI  - Partial trisomy for 19q due to paternal 17/19 reciprocal translocation.

PMID- 3392845
TI  - Normal values for physical parameters of the head, face and hand in Japanese
      children.

PMID- 3392846
TI  - The follow up study of intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy with local vein
      blocking as a surgical neo-adjuvant treatment for locally advanced breast cancer.
AB  - Preoperative intra-arterial infusion neo-adjuvant chemotherapy, in combination
      with local vein blocking, was administered to thirty-one patients with locally
      advanced stage III breast cancer. The anti-cancer drugs and dosages used were 500
      mg of 5-Fluorouracil (5FU), which was infused daily for 7-14 days, and 20 mg of
      Adriamycin (ADM), which was administered as a bolus dose twice into the
      subclavian and internal mammary arteries. The response rate of this method on the
      primary tumor was 48.4 per cent, and, histologically it was found to be as high
      as 90.3 per cent. The response rate of the clinical effects on the regional lymph
      nodes was 50.0 per cent, however, histologically, it was found to be lower than
      that of the primary tumor. In the long-term follow-up study the 5-year survival
      rate was 72.2 per cent. Thus, this method seems to be effective as a combined
      modality in cases of locally advanced stage III breast cancer.

PMID- 3392847
TI  - Adenomatous goiter with hyperthyroidism.
AB  - Adenomatous goiter with hyperthyroidism is a rare disease entity in Japan. Over a
      five-year period, we operated on 20 patients with this disease. Pre-operatively,
      basal thyrotropin was not necessarily suppressed and the thyrotropin-binding
      inhibiting immunoglobulin activity, which had been recently measured in five
      patients, showed normal values. Uneven patches of cold areas were noted on 131I
      thyroidal scintigrams. Thyroid function tests carried out three years after
      surgery in one lobectomy case and in eleven subtotal thyroidectomy cases revealed
      hypothyroidism in seven, hyperthyroidism in two and euthyroidism in only three
      cases. These results suggest that the pathogenesis and clinical features of
      adenomatous goiter with hyperthyroidism are quite different from those of Graves'
      disease, and that routinely performing near-total thyroidectomy may be considered
      as the treatment of choice.

PMID- 3392848
TI  - Indomethacin enhancement of lymphocyte responses to phytohemagglutinin in breast,
      stomach and colorectal cancer patients.
AB  - The effect of indomethacin, a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor, on lymphocyte
      responses to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) was studied in 111 breast, stomach and
      colorectal cancer patients. Indomethacin exerted no mitogenic activity and the
      ethanol in which the indomethacin was dissolved produced no significant effect on
      the lymphocyte responses to PHA. Compared with the control group (13 healthy
      subjects and 30 patients with benign disease), indomethacin significantly
      enhanced the lymphocyte responses to PHA in the cancer patients. The degree of
      enhancement induced by indomethacin was independent of the primary site of the
      tumor, but was associated with tumor load. A significant inverse correlation was
      observed between the degree of enhancement and that of the original lymphocyte
      responses to PHA. Sequential determinations of the degree of enhancement in
      selected stomach and colorectal cancer patients revealed that it fell to a low
      level after curative tumor resection.

PMID- 3392849
TI  - Serum zinc and copper changes after gastrectomy in aged patients with gastric
      cancer.
AB  - Serum zinc and copper levels were evaluated in patients with gastric cancer who
      had undergone gastrectomy. These patients were divided into two age categories;
      namely, the aged group, comprising 39 patients over the age of 70 years, and the
      younger group, comprising 23 patients younger than 50 years. The data before and
      after surgery were compared between the two groups. Serum zinc levels in the aged
      group were significantly lower than those in the younger group, both before and
      after surgery. Serum copper levels, however, did not differ significantly between
      the two groups. The serum Cu/Zn ratio was also analyzed according to the
      histological stages of cancer (stages I to IV), and compared between the two age
      classified groups. The aged group showed a higher Cu/Zn ratio at all stages,
      whereas in the younger group, the ratio was significantly higher at stage IV than
      in the earlier stages. Preoperative serum zinc, copper, and the Cu/Zn ratio were
      studied in relation to the complication of anastomotic leak after surgery. The
      Cu/Zn ratio in the aged patients with this complication was significantly higher
      than that in the aged patients without it. These results suggest that the Cu/Zn
      ratio may be an important factor in determining nutritional parameters in the
      aged.

PMID- 3392850
TI  - Follow up studies on various reconstruction methods of the biliary tract
      including our new method (Roux Y-duodenojejunal anastomosis).
AB  - Thirty six patients with benign diseases of the biliary tract (14 patients with
      congenital choledochal dilatation, 15 patients with postoperative stricture and 7
      patients with others) were divided into three groups: 21 patients who underwent a
      Roux Y (RY), 7 patients who underwent a jejunal interposition (IP) and 8 patients
      who underwent a side to side anastomosis between the jejunal limb of the Roux Y
      and the duodenum (RY-DJ). The RY-DJ was designed to decompress the Roux Y jejunal
      limb and to allow an inflow of bile into the duodenum. Significant complications,
      including cholangitis, infection, or abdominal pain, developed in 10 of the
      patients with RY (48 per cent), 7 of the patients with IP (100 per cent) and 1 of
      the patients with RY-DJ (13 per cent). None had a postoperative peptic ulcer.
      Simultaneous scintigraphy showed the time required for the two agents, 99mTc-IDA
      and 111In-DTPA, to mix at the upper jejunum, which revealed that the time taken
      by the patients with RY-DJ was similar to that of the patients with IP and to
      that of healthy controls. The time was markedly longer in the patients with RY,
      presumably due to a prominent stasis of the bile tracer in the Roux Y jejunal
      limb. Our new method (RY-DJ) for reconstruction of the extrahepatic biliary tract
      is more physiological and has less postoperative complications than other
      conventional methods.

PMID- 3392851
TI  - Adenocarcinoma arising at the perineal wound after pull-through procedure for
      imperforate anus.
AB  - An extremely rare case is presented here, of an adenocarcinoma at the site of a
      long-standing perineal wound, the presence of which was a result of a pull
      through procedure for imperforate anus. Wide local excision of a huge mass,
      including the perineal skin and the distal rectosigmoid segment, was carried out
      en-bloc on a 35 year old male. This tumor may have been caused by the repeated
      trauma and frequent ulceration around the perineal wound as a result of poor
      hygiene due to a fecal incontinence.

PMID- 3392852
TI  - A case report of intrahepatic biliary atresia showing an unusual liver histology.
AB  - The extrahepatic biliary tract of a male infant, including both the left and
      right hepatic ducts, was proven to be patent up until his time of death, however,
      histologic examination of the liver revealed severe fibrosis of the portal areas
      with ductular proliferation, scattered bile thrombi, and subsequent biliary
      cirrhosis. In this case, since the obstructive lesion occurred at the secondary
      branching of the bilateral hepatic duct and because fewer changes were present in
      the interlobular bile ducts, it seemed possible to consider that the liver
      histology revealed findings similar to those of extrahepatic biliary atresia.

PMID- 3392853
TI  - Esophageal manometrical assessment after esophageal circular myotomy for wide-gap
      esophageal atresia.
AB  - We treated 3 children with wide-gap esophageal atresia by a circular myotomy of
      Livaditis technique, after which no postoperative complaints, such as heartburn,
      vomiting or dysphagia, were seen. Esophageal manometry, performed to evaluate the
      postoperative esophageal motor function revealed; (1) that lower esophageal
      sphincter pressure (LESP) increased gradually with time, (2) esophageal
      contraction waves (ECW) were evident at the site of the circular myotomy with
      swallowing, though these contractions were simultaneous; and (3) relaxation of
      the LES with swallowing was evident. These findings, as determined by the
      esophageal manometrical assessments, indicate that there is no difference between
      the postoperative esophageal function after either repair with a circular myotomy
      or primary anastomosis for esophageal atresia.

PMID- 3392855
TI  - [Total calcification of left-atrial endocardium].

PMID- 3392856
TI  - [A method and device for telephone ECG autotransmission].

PMID- 3392854
TI  - A new method for continuous pericardiocentesis--percutaneous pericardial drainage
      via a sheath-introducer.
AB  - A technique of percutaneous pericardial drainage (PPD) utilizing a catheter
      introducer system, is described herein. This technique combines the accuracy of
      the surgical method with the simplicity of the 'blind' method, and has been
      clinically applied with safety and success.

PMID- 3392857
TI  - [Use of nitrates in patients with glaucoma].

PMID- 3392858
TI  - [Cardiac arrest in acute myocardial infarction: its signs, the effect of
      resuscitation and outcome].
AB  - A study of 585 patients with acute myocardial infarction (285 with and 300
      without cardiac arrest) showed the two groups to differ significantly in terms of
      clinical, laboratory and electrocardiographic findings. Resuscitation
      effectiveness depended upon the form of cardiac arrest (chi 2 = 209.25; p less
      than 0.001). A stable resuscitation effect (survival within and beyond 28 days
      after the onset of acute myocardial infarction) was achieved in 78.4% of cases of
      primary ventricular fibrillation, 24.0% of cases of secondary ventricular
      fibrillation, and 4.9% of asystolia cases. All cases of electromechanical
      dissociation were fatal. Long-term follow-up showed that 17.3% of patients with
      cardiac arrest and 21.9% of patients without cardiac arrest died over 4 years (p
      greater than 0.05).

PMID- 3392859
TI  - [Atypical forms of acute myocardial infarction and difficulties in their
      diagnosis based on data from the Kaunas register].
AB  - Data on the clinical course of acute myocardial infarction (MI) in 645 patients
      included in the 1984 MI register in Kaunas are presented. The symptoms are
      analysed in 102 patients with uncommon clinical pattern of acute MI, and causes
      of diagnostic errors are investigated in 52. The clinical picture was uncommon in
      16% of the registered cases. High hospital mortality rates were common for those
      patients, elderly ones in particular. The review of diagnostic errors in patients
      with undiagnosed acute MI demonstrated that an uncommon clinical picture as well
      as underestimation or incorrect interpretation of diagnostic criteria were the
      principal causes of the failure to make intravital diagnosis of acute MI.

PMID- 3392860
TI  - [Fatal outcome of acute myocardial infarction in men and women].
AB  - An epidemiologic study of the outcomes of acute myocardial infarction, carried
      out according to the WHO Register of Acute Myocardial Infarction, demonstrated
      that overall mortality rates are similar for men and women between 20 and 69
      years of age. Prehospital mortality was significantly higher in men, as compared
      to women, while the opposite was true for hospital mortality. Overall,
      prehospital and hospital mortality rates were relatively high in the younger
      patients, both male and female, an evidence of a more severe course of acute
      myocardial infarction at a younger age.

PMID- 3392861
TI  - [Total and segmental contractile function of the left ventricle in acute
      myocardial infarction studied by angiography].
AB  - An angiographic study of 50 patients with acute myocardial infarction was carried
      out in order to assess total and segmental left-ventricular contractility. The
      comparison of left-ventricular activity in patients with transmural vs.
      nontransmural anterior myocardial infarction demonstrated no differences, related
      to the type of lesion. The type of affection of the infarction-linked artery
      largely influences left-ventricular activity. Nontransmural diaphragmatic
      myocardial infarction was associated with the least left-ventricular dysfunction.
      Various functional left-ventricular disorders corresponded to definite central
      hemodynamic patterns, associated with myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3392862
TI  - [Determining the mass and rate of the development of myocardial infarction using
      the real time scale].
AB  - A quantitative mathematical procedure, based on precordial mapping variation, for
      real-time determination of myocardial infarction weight and rate of progress is
      described. Formulas have been derived for the calculation of necrosis weight and
      rate of formation.

PMID- 3392864
TI  - [Characteristics of the development of cardiac failure in acute myocardial
      infarction and the possibilities of its correction].

PMID- 3392863
TI  - [Relation between left-ventricular insufficiency and necrotic mass in myocardial
      infarction, determined by analysis of the QRS complex].
AB  - A noninvasive method, based on the analysis of QRS parameters from 10 of 12
      standard ECG leads, was used to assess the size of necrosis in patients with
      acute myocardial infarction. A close correlation between anterior left
      ventricular myocardial infarction weight and congestive left-ventricular
      insufficiency has been demonstrated. No such correlation was demonstrated for
      inferior myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3392865
TI  - [Possibilities of the evaluation of autonomic regulation of cardiac activity in
      patients with ischemic heart disease using non-invasive methods of examination].
AB  - Vegetative control of the heart was assessed on the basis of cardiac rhythm (CR)
      and stroke volume parameters in the course of an active orthostatic test and
      bicycle ergometry in 508 myocardial infarction patients and 30 normal subjects.
      Central hemodynamic parameters and CR spectrum were examined with respect to
      phases of sleep in 125 coronary patients and 25 normal subjects. Coronary
      patients showed a disrupted vegetative CR regulation, which was chiefly
      parasympathetic (reduced CR response to an active orthostatic position and
      rationed exercise, and a smaller share of high-frequency constituent of the CR
      energy spectrum). Disrupted vegetative CR regulation was correlated with low
      hemodynamic baseline and respective values in active orthostatic position,
      exercise and REM sleep. Reduced CR response to stress as well as reduced CR
      spectrum during sleep corresponded to more severe clinical conditions.

PMID- 3392866
TI  - [Study of anti-ischemic effects of verapamil and nifedipine after long-term
      treatment of patients with exertion-induced stenocardia].
AB  - The effects of verapamil and nifedipine taken as single doses and regular
      treatment, its mean duration being 2.9 and 2.8 months, respectively, were
      compared by means of repeated standard treadmill exercise in 22 patients with
      stable angina of effort. Verapamil taken as a mean standard dose of 413 +/- 18 mg
      was shown to produce anti-ischemic effect in the whole group that, in most cases,
      increased in relation to longer duration of treatment. Regular use of nifedipine
      (a mean daily dose of 86 +/- 5 mg) was associated with decreasing effect of the
      drug. Moreover, different patients showed different trends in terms of treatment
      efficiency (constant, growing or declining effect) both with verapamil and
      nifedipine.

PMID- 3392867
TI  - [Evaluation of the effectiveness of the 2-stage system of rehabilitation and
      treatment of patients with unstable stenocardia].

PMID- 3392868
TI  - [Rehabilitation of patients with myocardial infarction].

PMID- 3392870
TI  - [Various factors determining the fatal outcome in myocarditis].
AB  - A study of 38 patients with infectious-allergic myocarditis included clinical
      laboratory investigation, echocardiography, catheterization of the right heart
      compartments and the pulmonary artery and endomyocardial biopsy. It has
      identified adverse factors contributing to fatal outcome: increased end-diastolic
      pressure in the pulmonary artery, low cardiac output, signs of macrofocal
      fibrosis and small ejection fraction.

PMID- 3392869
TI  - [Comparative data on the prevalence of smoking among schoolchildren in Moscow and
      Kaunas].

PMID- 3392871
TI  - [Electrovectorcardiographic characteristics of shifting repolarization phase
      curves in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and ischemic heart disease
      with arterial hypertension].
AB  - Possible electrovectorcardiographic approaches to the diagnosis of hypertrophic
      cardiomyopathy (HCMP) are considered on the basis of a study of 85 HCMP patients,
      44 coronary patients with postinfarction cardiosclerosis and arterial
      hypertension (CD + AH), and 83 normal subjects. Particular attention was paid to
      cases where myocardial scary changes and left-ventricular hypertrophy were
      detected electrocardiographically as their interpretation was difficult because
      of similar changes in the QRS complex being typical for postinfarction
      cardiosclerosis. An analysis of quantitative and qualitative changes in the end
      segment of the QRS complex demonstrated a specific pattern of repolarization
      shift in patients with HCMP and CD + AH. The demonstrated changes can be useful
      in differential diagnosis of these conditions, facilitating the interpretation of
      infarction-like curves that are quite common in HCMP patients.

PMID- 3392872
TI  - [Functional status of the myocardium in thyrotoxicosis].
AB  - Twenty-two patients with thyrotoxicosis, showing no clinical signs of heart
      failure were examined electro- and echocardiographically. Bicycle ergometry was
      also used in 13 of those. Central and intracardiac hemodynamics were assessed at
      rest, as was cardiovascular response to exercise. The results were compared to
      similar parameters in 18 normal subjects. Echocardiography demonstrated
      hyperkinetic circulation and normal myocardial contractility in the resting
      patients. Bicycle ergometry showed considerably limited working capacity in those
      patients. Limited chronotropic and inotropic reserve of the heart in the presence
      of increased left-ventricular operation at rest may be pathogenetically involved
      in reduced stress tolerance, seen in patients with thyrotoxicosis.

PMID- 3392874
TI  - [Remote results of the treatment of patients with patent ductus arteriosus by the
      method of endovascular occlusion].
AB  - The results of endovascular occlusion of the patent ductus arteriosus via
      transvenous access were followed-up for 1 to 5 years. Repeated angiography was
      conducted in 35 patients, central hemodynamic studies were done in 29, and
      echocardiography, in 59. Long-term follow-up results have demonstrated good
      clinical effectiveness of the technique which can therefore be used as an
      alternative to surgical treatment for patent arteriosus.

PMID- 3392873
TI  - [Changes in left-ventricular contractility and diastolic rigidity and the
      dynamics of various indicators of blood circulation in patients after aortic
      valve prosthesis].
AB  - The relationship between the stroke output and parameters relating to left
      ventricular contraction and relaxation was examined within the early hours after
      the implantation of prosthetic aortic valve. Quantitative analysis demonstrated a
      close correlation between left-ventricular performance and diastolic regidity.
      Left-ventricular diastolic regidity is shown to make a more important
      contribution than contractility to the formation of stroke output. For this
      reasons, a therapy aiming only to improve myocardial contractility in patients
      after prosthetic aortic valve implantation failed to effectively improve their
      clinical condition.

PMID- 3392875
TI  - [A register of acute myocardial infarction: its incidence and mortality in
      Kaunas].
AB  - A study of acute myocardial infarction morbidity and mortality in Kaunas, using a
      WHO-recommended method, demonstrated that total mortality rate dropped from 43.9
      to 31.7% between 1972 and 1986. An increase in morbidity was recorded among young
      men, which was due to increasing number of patients with the first myocardial
      infarction. Mortality changes follow an undulating pattern.

PMID- 3392876
TI  - [Non-invasive evaluation of cardiac output by Doppler echocardiography].
AB  - In order to evaluate Doppler echocardiography (DEC) used for cardiac output (CO)
      measurement, 22 patients (7 with coronary heart disease, 6 with dilatation
      cardiomyopathy, 5 with primary pulmonary hypertension and 4 with rheumatic heart
      disease) were studied. In all patients, invasive CO determination was performed
      by right heart catheterization, using thermodilution (T). In DEC, CO was
      calculated as CO = IV.S.HR, where IV was integral velocity, estimated on the
      basis of flow areas under planimetric curves, S was aortic root cross-section
      area, and HR was heart rate. A close correlation was demonstrated between DEC and
      T results (r-0.74). Only in one case with severe aortic atherosclerosis was there
      a significant difference between the data. This case excluded, the correlation
      becomes even closer (r-0.86). It is concluded that: 1) DEC is a valuable and
      precise method of CO assessment, 2) DEC may be used to monitor treatment
      efficacy, and 3) its limitation is aortic lesions.

PMID- 3392878
TI  - [Clinico-morphological characteristics of arteriosclerotic heart defects in
      middle-aged and elderly patients].

PMID- 3392877
TI  - [The status of oxygen supply in patients with acute myocardial infarction during
      treatment with nitrates and nitrates combined with beta-blockaders].

PMID- 3392879
TI  - [2 cases of myocardial infarction involving the right ventricle].

PMID- 3392880
TI  - [Acute myocardial infarction and exertion-induced stenocardia in hypertrophic
      cardiomyopathy with obstruction of outflow passages].

PMID- 3392881
TI  - The use of polyelectrolytes as osmotic agents for peritoneal dialysis.
AB  - Various small and large molecules have been studied as osmotic agents to replace
      dextrose in peritoneal dialysis. Macromolecules are attractive because of their
      slow absorption from intraperitoneal solutions; however, it has been assumed that
      they are only marginally effective as osmotic agents unless they function as
      polyelectrolytes at physiological pH. In experimental exchanges conducted in rats
      we measured volume changes induced by Gelifundol (5.5% oxypolygelatin) and
      Ringers lactate to which was added either nothing, 4.25% dextrose, or 5% albumin.
      In the control exchanges using Ringers lactate, intraperitoneal fluid volume
      remained unchanged for eight hours. The volume changes induced by 4.25% dextrose
      were complete within two hours and resulted in a two-thirds increase over the
      amount of fluid administered. In both series in which polyelectrolytes were used
      volume transport was sustained throughout an eight hour dwell. With 5% albumin
      the total increase in fluid volume was about 40% of that installed, while
      Gelifundol caused fluid volume to double. Qualitatively similar results were
      obtained in transport studies conducted in vitro. Physical studies of the
      oxypolygelatin solutions indicated that the fixed charges per liter were
      comparable to those in the albumin solutions. Thus the different volume transport
      the two proteins induced could not be attributed to Donnan effects. However,
      since the molecular weight of albumin is triple that of Gelifundol the van't Hoff
      pressures of the two macromolecules can explain the observed differences in
      volume transport. These results suggest that neutral macromolecules deserve
      further study as potential osmotic agents for peritoneal dialysis.

PMID- 3392882
TI  - Effects of DOCA-salt treatment on the urinary prostaglandins in Sabra rats.
AB  - To determine whether the increased renal synthesis of thromboxane (Tx)A2 found in
      genetically hypertensive rats also occurred in rats with a sodium-dependent form
      of hypertension, the urinary excretion of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6KPGF1
      alpha) and of TxB2 was measured by a sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay in
      hypertension-prone (SBH), -resistant (SBN) and unselected (SB) female rats of the
      Sabra strains. Rats of the three strains were studied before (9 weeks of age) and
      after five weeks of deoxycorticosterone (DOCA)-salt treatment. Before treatment,
      the urinary 6KPGF1 alpha did not differ among the three strains while a higher
      TxB2 excretion was seen in the SBN rats. After treatment, the urinary excretion
      of TxB2 increased significantly in SBH and SB but not in SBN rats, while the
      urinary 6KPGF1 alpha remained unchanged in SBH, increased moderately in SB and
      markedly in SBN controls. Consequently, DOCA-salt-induced changes in blood
      pressure and in urinary 6KPGF1 alpha observed in the three strains of rats were
      inversely related (r = -0.78; P less than 0.001). It is concluded that the high
      blood pressure developed after DOCA-salt treatment in SBH rats is more likely to
      depend upon a defect in the renal production of prostacyclin rather than upon an
      increased synthesis of thromboxane A2.

PMID- 3392883
TI  - Thiazides stimulate calcium absorption in the turtle bladder.
AB  - The mechanism of action of the thiazide diuretics on calcium transport is not
      completely understood. The present study was designed to examine the effect of
      hydrochlorothiazide (HTZ) on Na transport, proton secretion, and Ca45 flux in the
      turtle bladder, a high resistance membrane. When added to the mucosal solution, 1
      mM HTZ had no effect on Na transport or proton secretion, but significantly
      increased mucosa-to-serosa Ca45 flux at 60 minutes (control 118.9 +/- 39.7
      pmol/mg/60 min versus thiazide 286.0 +/- 64.9 pmol/mg/60 min, N = 16, P less than
      0.02). In the presence of 5 X 10(-4) M ouabain, a maneuver which inhibits active
      Na transport, HTZ again significantly enhanced mucosa-to-serosa Ca45 flux. The
      increment of calcium transport under these conditions was 83.4 +/- 35.2
      pmol/mg/60 min (N = 8, P less than 0.05). Mucosal HTZ had no effect on serosa-to
      mucosa (that is, bath-to-lumen) Ca45 flux after a 60 minute incubation. Serosal
      addition of HTZ had no effect on either of the unidirectional Ca45 fluxes or on
      Na transport. Mucosal tissue Ca45 content was enhanced by HTZ (mucosal) in the
      presence or absence of ouabain. These results provide support for the view that
      thiazides have a direct stimulatory effect on calcium absorption at the luminal
      membrane, perhaps secondary to increased mucosal calcium permeability.

PMID- 3392885
TI  - Glomerular basement membrane necrosis and crescent organization.
AB  - In order to reveal structural damage to the glomerular basement membranes
      occurring in crescentic glomerulonephritis and the subsequent connective tissue
      organization of the crescent, 14 kidney biopsies were treated with detergents to
      remove cellular components and the tissue remaining examined by transmission
      (TEM) and scanning (SEM) electron microscopy. The fourteen biopsies were divided
      into two groups for analysis. Group I (7 cases) contained necrotizing lesions and
      cellular crescents. Acellular TEM (ATEM) revealed widespread lysis of mesangial
      matrix, while acellular SEM (ASEM) of five cases revealed three general patterns
      of GBM necrosis. Group II (7 cases) contained fibrocellular and fibrosis
      crescents. ATEM and ASEM revealed that collagen fibers initially form along
      fibrin fibrils and eventually result in formation of lacunar spaces occupied by
      cells of the crescent. Fibrous crescents were associated with prominent
      glomerular tuft distortion and entrapment of normal capillary loops. Continuity
      between interstitial space, matrix of crescent and mesangium were often observed.
      These observations suggest that lysis of mesangial matrix is extensive and
      precedes GBM lysis while the pattern of GBM damage fits best with local release
      of lytic factors. Furthermore, the architectural distortion and continuity which
      develops between normally segregated compartments (mesangial-interstitial)
      indicate that both the initial necrosis and the reparative response to injury,
      contribute substantially to overall nephron dysfunction.

PMID- 3392884
TI  - Autoradiographic localization of vasopressin and oxytocin binding sites in rat
      kidney.
AB  - The presence of vasopressin receptors of the V1 (vascular) type and of oxytocin
      receptors in the rat kidney was investigated using an autoradiographical
      approach. Rat kidney sections were incubated with tritiated vasopressin
      ([3H]vasopressin, 1.5 nM) or oxytocin ([3H]oxytocin, 3 nM). The ligand
      selectivity of the [3H]vasopressin binding sites detected was deduced from
      competition experiments using one selective unlabeled ligand for V2
      (antidiuretic) vasopressin receptors (1-deamino-[8-D-arginine]-vasopressin,
      dDAVP) and one selective unlabeled ligand for V1 receptors (des-glycineamide-[1
      (beta-mercapto-beta,beta-cyclopentamethylene propionic acid]-arginine
      vasopressin, des(Gly(NH2)9d(CH2)5-AVP). Specific and dense [3H]vasopressin
      labeling was observable in the medullopapillary and cortical portions of the
      kidney. Specific [3H]vasopressin binding in the cortex was insensitive to the V1
      selective ligand, des(Gly(NH2)9d(CH2)5-AVP, but was inhibited by dDAVP.
      Glomerular structures identified as such by microscopical observation of the
      kidney sections were specifically labeled with [3H]oxytocin and [125I]-SAR1
      angiotensin II but not with [3H]vasopressin. It is concluded that V1 receptors
      which have been evidenced on mesangial cells in culture are not expressed in a
      detectable quantity on mesangial cells in situ. The specific [3H]oxytocin binding
      to glomeruli might reflect the presence on glomerular structures of oxytocin
      receptors involved in the effects of the hormone on renal hemodynamics, and
      possibly in some of the effects ascribed to vasopressin.

PMID- 3392886
TI  - Bone disease in pediatric patients undergoing dialysis with CAPD or CCPD.
AB  - The histologic features of renal osteodystrophy and the prevalence of bone
      aluminum deposition in children receiving regular dialysis have not been
      described. Forty-four pediatric patients undergoing continuous ambulatory (CAPD)
      or cycling (CCPD) peritoneal dialysis had bone biopsies and deferoxamine (DFO)
      infusion tests; all were receiving oral calcitriol. Osteitis fibrosa (OF) was
      found in 39%, mild lesions (M) in 25%, normal histology (NH) in 16%, aplastic
      lesions (AP) in 11%, and osteomalacia (OM) in 9%. Bone surface aluminum (SA) was
      present by histochemical staining in 10 out of 20 given aluminum-containing
      phosphate-binding agents and in 0 of 24 treated with calcium carbonate; chi 2 =
      15.5, P less than 0.0001. Serum biochemistries and DFO infusion tests failed to
      predict bone histology, but plasma aluminum levels were markedly elevated and
      bone aluminum content was highest in patients with OM. Bone formation rate (BFR)
      correlated with serum parathyroid hormone (PTH), r = 0.55, P less than 0.001; BFR
      was inversely related to bone aluminum content (r = -0.42, P less than 0.01),
      even in patients with OF (r = -0.66, P less than 0.05). All patients with SA
      greater than 30% had normal or reduced BFR when compared to those with SA less
      than 30%; chi 2 = 12.2, P less than 0.005. Based on SA greater than 30%, six
      patients were classified as aluminum-related bone disease: three OM, one AP, and
      two NH. Two-thirds of pediatric patients undergoing CAPD/CCPD have persistent
      hyperparathyroidism despite treatment with calcitriol, but aluminum can adversely
      affect BFR when SA exceeds 30% regardless of histologic lesion or serum PTH
      level.

PMID- 3392887
TI  - The anemia of end-stage renal disease: hematopoietic progenitor cell response.
AB  - Patients with the anemia of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) fail to display an
      appropriate compensatory increase in red cell production. In order to investigate
      the extent to which the impaired erythropoietic response is determined at the
      progenitor cell level, we determined the frequencies of marrow colony-forming
      cells in 11 anemic and 3 non-anemic, dialysis-dependent ESRD patients and 10
      healthy individuals. In addition, we measured serum levels of erythropoietin
      (Epo) by radioimmunoassay. There were no significant differences (P greater than
      0.1) between normal and ESRD groups in the frequencies of primitive or late
      erythroid (BFU-E and CFU-E, respectively), granulocyte-macrophage, and
      megakaryocyte progenitors, CFU-E/BFU-E ratios, or serum Epo levels. In contrast,
      5 non-uremic patients with chronic anemia comparable in severity to the anemic
      ESRD patients had serum Epo levels and CFU-E/BFU-E ratios that were significantly
      increased (P less than 0.05 and P less than 0.001, respectively) in comparison to
      the normal controls and ESRD patients. Pre-dialysis serum and plasma from both
      ESRD groups were as supportive of autologous erythroid and non-erythroid colony
      growth in vitro as normal serum and plasma; inhibition was not observed. We
      conclude that the relative numbers of erythroid and non-erythroid progenitors and
      the majority of serum Epo levels are unchanged from normal in patients with the
      anemia of ESRD. However, their normal CFU-E/BFU-E ratio reflects an inadequate
      compensatory erythropoietic response due to their inability to appropriately
      increase Epo production in response to anemia. Inhibitors of autologous erythroid
      colony formation were not detected in ESRD serum.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3392888
TI  - Bone turnover and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol during treatment with phosphate
      binders.
AB  - The effect of dietary phosphate restriction with high-dose aluminum hydroxide or
      calcium carbonate on bone disease assessed by histomorphometry and on the plasma
      levels of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol was investigated in 12 children with
      chronic renal failure (GFR 8 to 45 ml/min/1.73 m2, age 5 to 15 years) over a one
      year period. Prior to treatment patients had biochemical and histological
      hyperparathyroidism with greatly increased bone formation rates. During
      treatment, plasma phosphate levels decreased from the upper to the lower limit of
      normal for age (pre, 1.69 +/- 0.06 mmol/liter; 6 months, 1.28 +/- 0.06
      mmol/liter; 1 year, 1.34 +/- 0.06 mmol/liter; P less than 0.01). Circulating 1,25
      dihydroxycholecalciferol rose to supranormal levels within three months and
      remained high throughout the period of study (pre, 96 +/- 32 pmol/liter; 6
      months, 144 +/- 46 pmol/liter; 1 year, 169 +/- 53 pmol/liter; P less than 0.001).
      Significant falls in bone formation rate at tissue and cellular levels (P less
      than 0.005) and in total resorption surface (P less than 0.005) were observed. A
      mild mineralization defect present before treatment worsened, with a decrease in
      mineral appositional rate (P less than 0.01) and increase in mineralization lag
      time (P less than 0.01). Staining for aluminum in post-treatment biopsies was
      positive in 9 of 11 cases. Phosphate restriction produced suppression of
      biochemical and histological hyperparathyroidism and sustained elevation of
      circulating 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol. The adverse changes in bone
      mineralization may be related to aluminum hydroxide therapy; calcium carbonate is
      therefore recommended.

PMID- 3392889
TI  - Drug protein binding in chronic renal failure: evaluation of nine drugs.
AB  - In this study, changes of protein binding of nine drugs were evaluated. In
      addition, theophylline and phenytoin, the two drugs with the most substantial and
      progressive decrease in protein binding, were further studied by high performance
      liquid chromatography (HPLC)-fractions of ultrafiltrate of normal and uremic
      serum, in an attempt to identify substances causing drug protein binding
      inhibition. There was a marked decline of the protein binding of theophylline,
      phenytoin and methotrexate (dialyzed patients vs. normals: -20.1, -16.0 and 
      15.1%, respectively). There was a rise in the protein binding of propranolol,
      cimetidine and clonidine. The changes observed for diazepam, prazosin and
      imipramine were less marked. For phenytoin, theophylline, methotrexate and
      diazepam, protein binding was inversely correlated to the serum creatinine (r =
      0.87, 0.80, 0.79 and 0.67, P less than 0.001), and a less pronounced but still
      significant positive correlation was found for clonidine (r = 0.46, P less than
      0.01). Ultrafiltrate, obtained during a hemofiltration session, inhibited protein
      binding of theophylline and phenytoin in a dose dependent way. After separation
      of this ultrafiltrate by HPLC, it appeared that for both theophylline and
      phenytoin at least a part of this inhibitory activity corresponded to the elution
      zone of hippuric acid. For theophylline two other inhibitory zones were further
      recognized: one corresponding to the elution zone of NaCl and one in which the
      responsible substance remained unidentified. Hippuric acid in solution inhibited
      protein binding of theophylline and phenytoin in a dose dependent way. In
      conclusion, protein binding of several drugs currently used in renal failure is
      affected in parallel with renal function, which might affect the therapeutic
      effectiveness of the drugs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3392890
TI  - The Schilling test cannot be replaced by an absorption test with unlabeled
      vitamin B12.
AB  - It was the purpose of this study to evaluate the diagnostic usefulness of an oral
      absorption test using nonlabeled Vit B12 suggested by a commercial distributor as
      an alternative for the more expensive Schilling test (ST). Plasma levels of Vit
      B12 were measured with a commercial kit before and 4 h after oral administration
      of 1 mg Vit B12 in 32 normals, in 16 patients with normal ST, and in 14 patients
      with abnormal ST for determination of sensitivity and specificity with the ST as
      golden standard. In normals, a mean of 767 +/- 404 pg/ml before and 1096 +/- 776
      pg/ml after oral Vit B12 with a mean increase of 331 +/- 453 pg/ml was measured.
      Because of the obvious large variation, no meaningful range for normal absorption
      could be established. In the two patient subsets, there was no Gaussian
      distribution of the results, with a meridian of Vit B12 increase after absorption
      of 142 pg/ml, range 27-2668 pg/ml, in the group with normal ST and a meridian of
      244 pg/ml ranging from 40 to 2453 pg/ml in the group with abnormal ST.
      Statistical nonparametric analysis did not reveal any difference between the two
      groups. Assuming a minimum required increase of 100 pg/ml, as suggested by the
      kit distributor, a sensitivity of only 27% and a specificity of 75% was
      obtained.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3392891
TI  - HLA association of testicular seminoma.
AB  - Clinical and epidemiological studies suggest that genetic factors may be involved
      in the etiology and pathogenesis of testicular germ-cell tumors (GCTs). Previous
      HLA studies have tried to support the concept of genetic anticipation of GCTs,
      however, the results obtained have been inconsistent. The reasons for the
      divergent results are mainly statistical problems, i.e., small patient
      populations, high numbers of antigens tested, and inhomogeneous study
      populations. In the present retrospective study, 52 patients with histologically
      pure seminoma were typed for their HLA-A, B, C, and DR antigens. Only BW41 proved
      to be significantly increased in frequency after correction for the number of
      antigens tested (chi Q = 12.73; P = 0.0005). HLA-DR1 was shown to be decreased,
      however, the difference was not significant. Regarding metastatic seminoma alone,
      there was a trend towards an increase of A29, BW41, and DR7. Our study gives only
      weak evidence for the participation of genetic factors in the pathogenesis of
      seminoma. The statistical trend of HLA association observed in metastatic
      seminoma deserves further concern as does the question of whether MHC class II
      antigens are also involved in the pathogenesis of testicular seminoma.

PMID- 3392893
TI  - Weber-Christian panniculitis with systemic cytophagic histiocytosis.
AB  - A 49-year-old woman suffered from Weber-Christian panniculitis with a typically
      periodic course. Subsequently, the attacks of the disease developed to a severe
      state: high fever, endotoxinemia, pancytopenia, and clotting disorder, in
      addition to the cutaneous manifestations. One and a half years after the outbreak
      of the disease the patient died in a septic shock. At autopsy all three stages of
      Weber-Christian panniculitis were found. In addition, an immense proliferation of
      benign cytophagic histiocytes could be observed in the bone marrow, spleen, lymph
      nodes and, less distinctly, in the fatty and interstitial tissues of the visceral
      organs. As a nosologic entity, the Weber-Christian disease is frequently
      questioned. Some authors consider the lobular, histiocytic, cytophagic
      panniculitis a unique syndrome. On the other hand, it must be emphasized that
      benign, cytophagic histiocytosis may exist associated with infections or may
      accompany different diseases. Furthermore, the Weber-Christian panniculitis is
      clinically and morphologically well defined.

PMID- 3392892
TI  - Nonhypnotic low-dose etomidate for rapid correction of hypercortisolaemia in
      Cushing's syndrome.
AB  - We determined the adrenostatic potential of low-dose nonhypnotic etomidate in six
      patients with Cushing's syndrome (ectopic Cushing's syndrome, n = 2; Cushing's
      disease, n = 3; bilateral adrenal adenoma, n = 1). Etomidate was given as a
      continuous infusion for 32 h in a dose of 2.5 mg/h (n = 5) or 0.3 mg/kg/h (n =
      3), respectively. Saline was given during a control period. The responsiveness to
      exogenous ACTH was studied during placebo and 7 and 31 h after commencing
      etomidate by administration of 250 micrograms 1-24 ACTH i.v. Etomidate (2.5 mg/h)
      led to a consistent decrease in serum cortisol in all patients from a mean of
      39.4 +/- 13.3 to 21.1 +/- 5.7 micrograms/dl after 7 h (P less than 0.05 compared
      with placebo). After 24 h cortisol was reduced further to a mean steady state
      concentration of 12.3 +/- 5.7 micrograms/dl (P less than 0.05). At the end of the
      infusion period the cortisol increase in response to ACTH was reduced but not
      abolished. In contrast, a dose of 0.3 mg/kg/h etomidate induced unresponsiveness
      of serum cortisol to exogenous ACTH within 7 h. However, sedation was observed in
      two out of three patients at this dose, while during etomidate in a dose of 2.5
      mg/h no side effects were seen. We conclude that low-dose nonhypnotic etomidate
      reduces serum cortisol to within the normal range in patients with Cushing's
      syndrome.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3392894
TI  - Hemoglobin oxygen affinity in patients suffering from arterial occlusive disease
      of the legs.
AB  - Parameters characterizing the hemoglobin oxygen affinity were determined in blood
      of 12 male patients suffering from arterial occlusive disease (AOD) of the legs
      and compared with data obtained earlier from healthy human subjects (controls).
      Due to a COHb content of 4.8% +/- 2.2% in the cigarette-smoking AOD patients, the
      standard oxygen dissociation curve (ODC) was left-shifted, the half-saturation
      pressure (P50) amounted to 24.8 +/- 1.7 mmHg (3.30 +/- 0.23 kPa), although the
      2,3-diphosphoglycerate concentration was increased to 15.3 +/- 1.7 mumol/g Hb.
      Correcting the effects of elevated COHb shifts the P50 to 26.3 mmHg (3.5 kPa) and
      increases the steepness of the ODC (Hill's "n") from 2.79 +/- 0.27 to about 2.99,
      which is significantly different from controls. The Bohr coefficients after
      acidification of blood with lactic acid (BCLac) show high values at low oxygen
      saturations of hemoglobin (-0.50 +/- 0.04 in AOD patients, -0.32 +/- 0.04 in
      controls; P less than 0.05 at 10% SO2). The cause of the alterations in
      hemoglobin oxygen affinity may be a reduced mean erythrocyte age, but also the
      influence of unknown factors generated, e.g., from anaerobic muscle metabolism in
      AOD.

PMID- 3392895
TI  - Erythrocytapheresis. A method for rapid extracorporeal elimination of
      erythrocytes. Results in 65 patients.
AB  - We report on the progress of a new modified method of phlebotomy,
      erythrocytapheresis, as a means of fast therapeutic removal of erythrocytes from
      the circulation. We performed erythrocytapheresis in 65 patients. In 18 patients
      with central venous thrombosis of the eye, the beneficial effect of this
      procedure proved superior to the traditional approach. In 29 patients with
      primary or secondary polycythemia, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and blood viscosity
      could be lowered drastically for up to 11 months by a single erythrocytapheresis.
      We performed erythrocytapheresis in an effort to deplete the iron stores in
      patients with hemochromatosis (14 cases) and in patients with porphyria cutanea
      tarda (4 cases). Several consecutive erythrocytaphereses were necessary, however,
      to even slightly lower the amounts of stored iron as measured by serum iron, iron
      binding capacity, and serum ferritin in these patients. The intervals between
      treatment were 2 to 11 months, thus much longer than the intervals between blood
      lettings. We did not observe any adverse side effects. There was no significant
      influence on the clotting system, and no reactive thrombocytosis as described
      after phlebotomies.

PMID- 3392897
TI  - Low protein diet and progression of chronic renal failure.

PMID- 3392896
TI  - [Progression of chronic renal failure: causes and modification].

PMID- 3392898
TI  - [Possibilities and limits of intraoperative functional assessment of the spinal
      cord].
AB  - Based on a series of 95 neurosurgical spinal cord monitoring cases with space
      occupying lesions, most of which were monitored using both spinal and cortical
      recordings, the use and the limits of intraoperative monitoring of sensory
      pathway function of the spinal cord is described. Intraoperative spinal cord
      monitoring performed by recording of somatosensory evoked potentials following
      peripheral nerve or intrathecal stimulation is shown to be a useful adjunct in
      cases of difficult spinal cord surgery. In our own material using both spinal and
      cortical recordings there have been no false-negative monitoring cases so far. In
      the discussion the limitations and pitfalls of this technique are reviewed.

PMID- 3392899
TI  - Somatosensory evoked potentials in cerebral aneurysm surgery.
AB  - Somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) were used intraoperatively 25 cerebral
      aneurysm cases during the temporary occlusion of the parent artery of the
      aneurysm under moderate hypothermia. This technique of vascular occlusion is very
      useful in facilitating the dissection of difficult aneurysms as well as in
      reducing the risk of intraoperative rupture. Middle cerebral artery (MCA) cases
      in Hunt & Hess's grade III, undergoing early surgery, who had shown a transient
      neurological deficit at the time of subarachnoid haemorrhage or where vasospasm
      was evident in intraoperatively were prominent among 6 cases where the median
      nerve SEP was lost within 13 minutes of temporary MCA occlusion at 28.6 degrees C
      to 31.1 degrees C. A transient neurological deficit was seen in one of these and
      a permanently increased deficit in the other. In contrast, the SEP was well
      maintained during occlusion times of upto 52 minutes in 8 cases in the absence of
      any of the above circumstances. The SEP was lost after 7 minutes in one of 5
      cases of internal carotid artery occlusion; this was followed by a paresis of a
      few hours' duration. The posterior tibial nerve SEP was absent for one minute in
      one of 5 cases of bilateral A1 segment occlusion; none of these cases showed a
      postoperative deficit. It is concluded that 1. appropriate SEP monitoring can
      make a major contribution to patient safety in aneurysm surgery, 2. substantially
      longer cerebrovascular occlusion times are permissible during hypothermia than at
      normal temperatures and 3. the employment of additional cerebral protective
      measures should be considered in cases at high risk from ischaemic damage.

PMID- 3392900
TI  - [Somatosensory evoked potentials in obliterating interventions of the carotid
      bifurcation].
AB  - A prospective study was undertaken to determine the prognostic value of
      somatosensory evoked potentials during carotid artery surgery in patients where
      an intraluminal shunt was not used. During a three-year period 167 patients
      underwent 193 consecutive carotid endarterectomies under general anaesthesia. The
      somatosensory evoked potential after median nerve stimulation including
      calculation of central conduction time was used to assess cerebral function
      intraoperatively. Early postoperative neurologic morbidity was 3.6%, mortality
      0.6%. Evoked potential changes in these patients were uniform and consisted of an
      increase in central conduction time of more than 20% from control (anaesthetic
      baseline), a decrease of the amplitude of the primary cortical response exceeding
      50% and a loss of middle latency components. In subsequent recordings complete
      loss of the entire cortical evoked potential was observed in 5 of 7 patients.
      Sensitivity of CCT prolongation was 100%, specificity 89% (18 false positives).
      For amplitude reduction sensitivity was 86% (1 false negative), specificity 96%
      (7 false positives). For loss of the entire cortical response sensitivity was 71%
      (2 false negatives), specificity 99% (2 false positives). The above mentioned
      parameters correlated with postoperative neurologic state (Chi-square, p =
      0.0001). Since the effects of potentially confounding variables (anaesthetics,
      temperature) are well known, the somatosensory evoked response, especially
      central conduction time, can be used as a reliable guide for brain supporting
      procedures.

PMID- 3392901
TI  - [Assessing the function of patients with consciousness disorders using evoked
      potentials].
AB  - Multimodal evoked potentials (long latency somatosensory and visual evoked
      potentials, brainstem auditory evoked potentials) were performed in comatose
      patients. For the long-latency EP-components a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was
      calculated (SNR is defined as ratio of the largest EP-peak-to-peak amplitude and
      the mean amplitude of a period prior to the stimulation). An unmeasurable or
      questionable EP was defined when SNR less than 2.6. The highest correlation (r =
      0.72) was found between the clinical state, represented by Glasgow Coma Score,
      and the SEP. The long latency SEPs appeared as a sensitive parameter in postacute
      states of brain disorders. The vertex VEP had a similar correlation (r = 0.66) to
      the clinical state; the occipital VEP showed no correlation. Emergency from coma
      and recovery was accompanied by an increasing spread of the VEP over the whole
      scalp. The use of auditory brainstem evoked potentials in coma and brain death
      ist demonstrated; applications and problems are discussed.

PMID- 3392902
TI  - [Prognostic value of multimodal evoked potentials in neurologic intensive care
      patients].
AB  - In neurological patients with severe cerebral disease requiring intensive care
      unit treatment serial examinations of brainstem acoustic evoked responses and
      median nerve evoked cortical somatosensory potentials regularly allow the
      detection of typical constellations which can be attributed to primary supra- or
      infratentorial disease. These findings are of diagnostical use but also allow
      prognostical statements. Here, somatosensory evoked potentials are of great
      value. In a series of 255 patients, all 57 showing bilaterally abolished
      somatosensory potentials did not recover. Therefore, the demonstration of
      bilaterally absent somatosensory potentials in supratentorial cerebral disease
      invariably designates poor prognosis.

PMID- 3392903
TI  - [Auditory evoked potentials in determining brain death].
AB  - Until now, in hypothermic patients, patients under barbiturate therapy etc. brain
      death can only unequivocally be determined by cerebral panangiography. We
      evaluated in 41 patients, whether panangiography can be substituted by recording
      of brain stem auditory evoked potentials in combination with cerebral perfusion
      scintigraphy. Our results demonstrate, that even if no potential except wave I
      can be recorded, a minimal intracranial perfusion may exist, so that by
      definition the patient is not dead. During the course of our investigations we
      found one patient, in whom disappeared auditory evoked potentials recovered. So
      we conclude, that the recording of auditory evoked potentials is only an adjunct
      in determination of brain death, not an objective method as is cerebral
      panangiography. But recording of auditory evoked potentials is helpful in
      excluding brain death in certain patients.

PMID- 3392904
TI  - [Acute gallstone-induced intestinal obstruction].

PMID- 3392905
TI  - [Rare disease combinations in abdominal surgery].

PMID- 3392906
TI  - [Mineral metabolism in the malabsorption syndrome].

PMID- 3392907
TI  - [Trophic function of friable connective tissue in meningococcemia complicated by
      shock].

PMID- 3392908
TI  - [Acute poisoning by an alcohol tincture of thallium].

PMID- 3392909
TI  - [Casuistics of intrathoracic lipomas].

PMID- 3392910
TI  - [Bilious pneumonia].

PMID- 3392911
TI  - [2 cases of Lyell's syndrome].

PMID- 3392912
TI  - [A case of skin pigmentation from the long-term use of kordaron].

PMID- 3392913
TI  - [2 cases of hemochromatosis].

PMID- 3392914
TI  - [A diagnostically complex case of Wilson-Konovalov disease].

PMID- 3392915
TI  - [Use of nitrosorbide and digoxin in chronic cor pulmonale].

PMID- 3392916
TI  - [Cases of alkaptonuria in adults].

PMID- 3392919
TI  - [Functional correlations between the immune and fibrinolytic systems in chronic
      catarrhal and suppurative bronchitis].

PMID- 3392918
TI  - [Functional activity of alveolar macrophages in patients with nonspecific lung
      diseases].

PMID- 3392917
TI  - [Clinico-cytological characteristics of the bronchial lesion in chronic
      bronchitis].

PMID- 3392920
TI  - [Clinical x-ray diagnosis in acute pneumonia].

PMID- 3392922
TI  - [Effect of lasolvan on mucociliary transport in patients with chronic nonspecific
      lung diseases].

PMID- 3392921
TI  - [Effectiveness of calcium antagonists in the treatment of patients with chronic
      nonspecific lung diseases].

PMID- 3392923
TI  - [Use of nitrates on patients with chronic nonspecific lung diseases].

PMID- 3392924
TI  - [Restoration of the microcirculation in the treatment of acute destructive lung
      diseases].

PMID- 3392925
TI  - [Fiber bronchoscopy in the treatment of pneumonia after operations for acute
      cholecystitis in middle-aged and elderly patients].

PMID- 3392927
TI  - [Differential diagnostic significance of the sound of the mitral valve opening
      (mitral click)].

PMID- 3392926
TI  - [Causes of status asthmaticus and fatal outcome in patients with bronchial
      asthma].

PMID- 3392928
TI  - [Alimentary-constitutional obesity and its treatment].

PMID- 3392929
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of treatment of patients with
      diabetes insipidus].

PMID- 3392930
TI  - [Pathogenesis of diabetic osteopathy].

PMID- 3392931
TI  - [Conjunctival microcirculation in patients with periodic disease and
      amyloidosis].

PMID- 3392933
TI  - [Protein and pigment metabolism in the liver of patients with gallstones before
      and after treatment with cheno- and ursodeoxycholic acid preparations].

PMID- 3392932
TI  - [New approaches in the treatment of patients with protracted iron-deficiency
      anemia].

PMID- 3392934
TI  - [Hospital and AIDS. More than nursing procedures!].

PMID- 3392935
TI  - [AIDS--care--sexuality].

PMID- 3392936
TI  - [How and where should AIDS patients be cared for? For example: communal homes].

PMID- 3392937
TI  - [Prevention of infections transmitted by blood].

PMID- 3392939
TI  - [18th medico-social meeting of the French-speaking Swiss "Tell me where you
      live..."].

PMID- 3392938
TI  - [Patient education in nursing for greater independence].

PMID- 3392940
TI  - [Enhancing the participation of hospital workers by means of quality circles].

PMID- 3392941
TI  - [How to help nurses under stress? (2). Role of the psychoanalyst].

PMID- 3392942
TI  - [Interrelationship in the neonatal medical and surgical services. Talk to me, I
      would feel better...].

PMID- 3392943
TI  - The microbial environment and intestinal nematode infections of Heligmosomoides
      polygyrus in laboratory mice.
AB  - The difficulty of establishing primary infections of Heligmosomoides polygyrus (=
      Nematospiroides dubius) in ASH/CSI mice in the Laboratory Animal House at Royal
      Holloway and Bedford New College during a recent autumn and spring period was
      associated with a syndrome of worm distortion, together with zero or low worm
      establishment and reduced fecundity (eggs/female worm). The eggs produced were
      non-viable and the egg capsule comprised a rumpled lipid and ruptured chitin
      layer. The egg size and peaks of egg production were also reduced and the total
      egg output ceased entirely by day 28 post-infection in male mice. The syndrome
      was repeated when control LACA mice harbouring 'normal' infections of H.
      polygyrus were housed on the same source of peat bedding material as the ASH/CSI
      mice. An increase in H. polygyrus egg production in ASH/CSI mice, removed from
      the peat or treated with 0.04% oxytetracycline hydrochloride suggested that the
      cause of the syndrome was microbial in origin. A microbiological assay of the
      peat, which was the common denominator of all syndrome infections, revealed an
      abundance of chitinase secreting species of bacteria (Bacillaceae). Bacterial
      chitinase was therefore likely to rupture the chitin layer of the egg capsule
      producing nonviable eggs and either abnormal or no larvae. Preliminary in vitro
      studies using chitinase from Streptomyces griseus indicated that the hatching
      success of eggs of H. polygyrus was reduced as the concentration of chitinase
      increased.

PMID- 3392944
TI  - Normal levels of vitamin A in tissues of the Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus
      auratus) determined colorimetrically.
AB  - Vitamin A levels in tissues of 20 normal adult hamsters on a standard diet were
      measured colorimetrically. No significant difference between male and female
      animals was found for any of the tissues sampled. The mean vitamin A value for
      blood plasma in 20 animals was 53.4 micrograms/dl. Mean values for liver,
      kidneys, flank skin and cheek pouch were 813, 1.29, 1.84 and 1.31 mg/g wet
      weight, respectively. The vitamin assay was less suitable for small organs such
      as trachea.

PMID- 3392945
TI  - Small-calibre vascular grafting into the rat abdominal aorta with biodegradable
      prostheses.
AB  - 130 Male Wistar rats, 2-3 months old and weighing 250-350 g were operated on to
      implant biodegradable small-calibre vascular prostheses (length 10 mm; internal
      diameter 1.5 mm) in their infrarenal abdominal aorta. The mean operation time was
      40 min, the mean aortic cross-clamping time 25 min. The early patency rate was
      100%, the late patency rate was 97.7%, and the operative mortality was 3.1%.
      Microscopical examination of the biodegradable prostheses from 1 h up to 1 year
      after implantation demonstrated reproducible morphological results; in these
      prostheses a new arterial wall regenerated which had a structure very similar to
      the normal arterial wall. It was concluded that the rat is an appropriate
      experimental laboratory animal for testing new types of small-calibre vascular
      prostheses.

PMID- 3392946
TI  - Spontaneous neoplasms of the seminal vesicles in aged Han:Chin hamsters
      (Cricetulus criseus).
AB  - Tumours of the seminal vesicles were found in 11 of 182 male Han:Chin hamsters
      kept in a life-span study from weaning to their natural death. Histologically
      they were classified as adenocarcinoma (n = 10) and hemangiosarcoma (n = 1). The
      histopathological features of the neoplasms are described.

PMID- 3392947
TI  - Lectins as markers of endothelial cells: comparative study between human and
      animal cells.
AB  - Vascular endothelial cells were labelled with 10 vegetal lectins and 3 more
      monoclonal antibodies antiblood group ABO substances, in major organs of 14
      common laboratory animals. After fixation in PLPa and paraffin embedding, cells
      were examined to determine their likeness to human cells. The most interesting
      reactive used was EEA, whose positivity defines upper mammalians. Blood B
      substance positivity and CSA negativity defines primates among which man is
      unique and defined by UEA I positivity and variability in ABO substance. CSA
      positivity defines non-primate upper mammalians. Rodents and birds were negative
      with all reactives tested. From the histochemical point of view, the animals
      closest to humans are monkeys, followed by swine and oxen, then by cat and dog
      and lastly by sheep. Rodents appear unrelated to humans in this system.

PMID- 3392948
TI  - Osteosclerosis in F344/DuCrj rats.
AB  - Osteosclerosis was observed in the tibia and sternum in F344/DuCrj rats of both
      sexes at 6, 18 and 30 months of age. The lesion first seen was a proliferation of
      osteogenic tissues on the marrow surface of the cortical bone and bone
      trabeculae, resulting in replacement of the marrow cavity by lamellar bone. Most
      of the affected rats had associated degenerative osteoarthrosis and regressive
      changes of the growth plate. Osteosclerosis was considered to be an aging change,
      lesions were observed at 6 months and increased in frequency with age.

PMID- 3392949
TI  - Biological variations in serum total hydroxyproline concentration in the beagle
      dog.
AB  - A newly developed assay for hydroxyproline (Hyp) in physiological samples was
      used for determining the biological variations in serum total Hyp in the beagle
      dog. The results showed that dietary Hyp restriction in the beagle dog results in
      a significant decrease in serum total Hyp over the first 24 h and that there are
      no obvious circadian variations in serum total Hyp concentrations in beagle dogs
      on dietary Hyp restriction.

PMID- 3392950
TI  - Reliable diagnosis of Trichosomoides crassicauda in the urinary bladder of the
      rat.
AB  - Two reliable methods are described for identifying infection of laboratory rats
      with the nematode Trichosomoides crassicauda. The first is a rapid method where
      cryostat sections of the rat urinary bladder are stained with acridine orange and
      viewed under a fluorescence microscope. The second involves the stabilization of
      the bladder surface prior to examination using scanning electron microscopy
      (SEM).

PMID- 3392951
TI  - Hereditary hepatitis of LEC rats is controlled by a single autosomal recessive
      gene.
AB  - The natural history of hereditary hepatitis in long-survived LEC rats was
      reported. Among 56 (female: male, 28:28) LEC rats of F30, 16 (8:8) (29%) died of
      fulminant hepatitis approximately four months after birth. The remaining 40
      (20:20) rats that survived more than one year developed chronic hepatitis and
      subsequent hepatic lesions including hepatocellular carcinomas. Further study
      made with 32 F31 rats killed at the age of five months revealed that hepatitis
      occurred in all of these rats. Genetic analysis performed by various crosses of
      LEC and LEJ rats confirmed the previous result that hereditary hepatitis was
      caused by a single autosomal recessive gene. F1 hybrid rats never developed
      hepatitis, showing normal histology of the liver. Histological features of
      hepatitis in F2 (F1 X F1) and backcross (F1 X LEC) rats were the same as those
      observed in the LEC rats. The preneoplastic foci also appeared in some of these
      hybrid rats at the age of eight months. We propose a gene symbol hts to designate
      the present hepatitis which is assumed to be homozygous in LEC strain rats.

PMID- 3392953
TI  - Technique for long-term infusion into the inferior mesenteric artery of
      unrestrained rats.
AB  - A technique for long-term infusion into the inferior mesenteric artery was
      developed which allows simple and reliable regional infusion into the colorectal
      segment of unrestrained rats. The cannulation system consists of an injection
      port 'In Stoppers' as a flow swivel, connected to an injection needle, which is
      inserted into a polyethylene tube protected by a steel spiral. During infusion
      the animals are free to move in the cage with access to food and water ad
      libitum. The method is suitable for regional chemotherapy as well as for studies
      of colorectal tumours in rats. In this study 73% of the cannulae remained
      functional for continuous infusion over a 15 day period.

PMID- 3392952
TI  - Haemolysis and artifactual lung damage induced by an euthanasia agent.
AB  - The artifactual development of endothelial necrosis, pulmonary congestion, and
      oedema that has been reported in dogs, cats, and monkeys when the animals were
      killed with 1-1.5 ml/kg body weight of the euthanasia agent T-61 was reproduced
      in adult ewes of the merino breed. This species also exhibited a marked pulmonary
      congestion with intra-alveolar haemorrhages, septal oedema, and a diffuse
      cellular damage of the alveolar septa when the recommended dose of 0.3 ml/kg body
      weight was administered after forcing blood flow through one lung by clamping the
      contralateral hilum. The red coloration of the damaged lung areas may be due to
      haemolysis, another aspect of T-61 induced cell damage in this species. The
      degree of haemolysis increases with increasing blood concentration of the agent
      and approximates complete haemolysis at a T-61 blood concentration of 5%. The
      blood concentration dependent degree of haemolysis in sheep suggests a similar
      relationship between blood concentration of the agent and degree of pulmonary
      tissue damage.

PMID- 3392954
TI  - An improved simple technique for the collection of blood samples from rats and
      mice.
AB  - The technique of blood collection from the lateral caudal vein has been improved.
      The method requires only moderate skill and no anaesthesia is necessary.
      Collection of blood samples causes little trauma and can be repeated at frequent
      (8 h) intervals thus making the method particularly suitable for pharmacokinetic
      and hormonal studies. Blood samples are uncontaminated by tissue fluids. Large
      volumes can be obtained, in mice up to 1.5 ml and in Wistar rats over 4 ml.

PMID- 3392955
TI  - LASA-PSGB meeting. 3-4 December 1987. Abstracts of presentations. Invited papers
      on the need for primate models in biomedical research.

PMID- 3392956
TI  - Myocyte reactions at the borders of injured and healing rat myocardium.
AB  - To better understand the apparent tendency of myocardium to heal by scarring
      rather than by restoration of normal structure, we have examined by light and
      electron microscopy the basic reactions of rat ventricular myocytes and their
      interactions with the extracellular matrix. Using three different types of
      necrotizing injuries, we found that necrotic myocytes separated from viable
      myocytes at intercalated discs leaving blunt-ended stumps at the edge of each
      lesion; the basal lamina of necrotic myocytes remained largely intact and spanned
      the gap between viable myocytes on opposite sides of each lesion. A small number
      of stumps were capped off by a new layer of basal lamina and showed no evidence
      of proliferative activity. The majority of the stumps developed cell processes
      that extended along the acellular myocyte basal lamina sheaths. These processes
      had one of two different fates. Some became apposed to similar processes, formed
      intercalated disc attachments, increased myofibrillar mass, and appeared to be
      associated with muscle reconstruction. Others developed elongate tapered ends,
      which terminated in myotendinous connections to scar tissue. The outcome of
      healing necrotic myocardium, like the healing of noncardiac necrotic tissue
      injuries, appears to be a function of cell growth and extracellular framework
      guidance; however, unlike healing of noncardiac tissues, healing of myocardium is
      uniquely complicated by continuing muscle contractions. We think the rhythmic
      pulling at the edges of necrotic lesions induces formation of myotendinous
      attachments, which anchor myocytes to scar tissue and probably prevent further
      growth.

PMID- 3392958
TI  - Study of living single cells in culture: automated recognition of cell behavior.
AB  - An automated system capable of analyzing the behavior, in real time, of single
      living cells in culture, in a noninvasive and nondestructive way, has been
      developed. A large number of cell positions in single culture dishes were
      recorded using a computer controlled, robotized microscope. During subsequent
      observations, binary images obtained from video image analysis of the microscope
      visual field allowed the identification of the recorded cells. These cells could
      be revisited automatically every few minutes. Long-term studies of the behavior
      of cells make possible the analysis of cellular locomotary and mitotic activities
      as well as determination of cell shape (chosen from a defined library) for
      several hours or days in a fully automated way with observations spaced up to 30
      minutes. Short-term studies of the behavior of cells permit the study, in a
      semiautomatic way, of acute effects of drugs (5 to 15 minutes) on changes of
      surface area and length of cells.

PMID- 3392959
TI  - Role of antibody to S100 protein in diagnostic pathology.

PMID- 3392957
TI  - Explant culture of human polycystic kidney.
AB  - Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease is characterized by the formation of
      large fluid-filled epithelial cysts. To obtain renal cyst wall epithelium for in
      vitro study, we employed an explant culture technique using medium-hydrated
      collagen gel as the culture substrate. Pieces of excised cyst wall were submerged
      within collagen gel. Cells of the cyst lining migrated to form a polarized
      epithelium at the surface of the surrounding collagen gel. Regions of the
      outgrowth were isolated by microdissection and used as a source of cells for
      subculture. Cyst-derived epithelium retained the ultrastructural features of the
      renal cyst of origin. The cells were cuboidal and bore short apical microvilli.
      Cells often were joined by apical tight junctions. Intercellular channels were
      narrow and bordered by short microvillus projections at the basolateral membrane.
      Epithelial cells rested on a densely staining basal lamina. The explants commonly
      developed small solitary cysts within their wall that were filled with fluid.
      These mural cysts were lined by a simple epithelium morphologically similar to
      the cells that lined the explant. Explantation of human renal cyst wall to
      culture within collagen gel provides a reproducible method to isolate autosomal
      dominant polycystic kidney disease epithelium for subculture. This method offers
      an alternative to the use of proteolytic enzymes to establish morphologically
      stable cultures of cyst lining cells for use in experimental renal cystic
      disease.

PMID- 3392960
TI  - Endothelial regeneration. VIII. Interaction of smooth muscle cells with
      endothelial regrowth.
AB  - This study examined the ability of arterial endothelial cells to repopulate
      arterial grafts which were devoid of luminal smooth muscle cells and in arterial
      grafts which had an established pseudoendothelium comprised of smooth muscle
      cells. These studies were designed to explore the hypothesis that smooth muscle
      cells when forming a pseudoendothelium can retard endothelial cell regrowth.
      Segments of denuded glutaraldehyde-fixed carotid arteries and of viable
      autologous carotid arteries with a pseudoendothelium of smooth muscle cells were
      implanted end to end into the rabbit carotid arteries and left for 6 or 12 weeks.
      Endothelial outgrowth onto these arterial grafts was extremely limited
      (approximately 3 mm) regardless of the preparation and was equal to that observed
      in a carotid artery denuded of endothelium with a balloon catheter. Endothelial
      cell replication was significantly elevated in these implanted carotid segments
      at all times studied with the majority of the replicating cells not located at
      the leading edge of endothelium. The location of these cells suggests this
      replication was not associated with regrowth. Finally, the ability of denuded
      arteries to support endothelial cell adherence was tested in vitro by plating
      [3H]thymidine bovine endothelial cells on segments of excised arteries which had
      been denuded of endothelium for 2 and 12 weeks. No difference in plating
      efficiency was observed. These studies suggest that the presence of smooth muscle
      cells on the luminal surface of denuded arteries was not responsible for the
      cessation of endothelial regrowth.

PMID- 3392961
TI  - Intraarticular injection of arthritogenic factor causes mast cell degranulation,
      inflammation, fat necrosis, and synovial hyperplasia.
AB  - Arthritis resembling human rheumatoid arthritis is produced in rats either by
      immunization with type II collagen or injection of complete Freund's adjuvant.
      The development of arthritis in both models may be mediated by a T cell-derived,
      type II collagen-specific protein that has been termed arthritogenic factor.
      Here, the morphologic changes produced after intraarticular injection of this
      factor were determined. T cell lines were derived from type II collagen-immunized
      rats. Arthritogenic factor was isolated from culture supernatants by affinity
      chromatography on type II collagen-conjugated Sepharose and injected into rat
      knees. The synovium covering the infrapatellar fat pad was examined by light and
      electron microscopy at 6 hours to 7 days after injection. By 6 hours, the
      synovium and fat pad were edematous and heavily infiltrated with neutrophils and
      a few mononuclear cells. Fibrin was present in the synovium and joint space. Most
      mast cells had partially degranulated. By 24 hours, the infiltrate became
      primarily mononuclear and fewer neutrophils were seen. Fat necrosis and edema
      occurred in the subsynovium. By 48 hours and 7 days, the synovium was
      hyperplastic, some fibrin persisted, and macrophages were present. Control knees,
      injected with material obtained from T cell lines established with the antigen,
      ovalbumin, and subjected to type II collagen affinity chromatography, had less
      fibrin deposition, milder cellular infiltrates, and less mast cell degranulation
      than knees injected with arthritogenic factor. These studies suggest that
      arthritogenic factor stimulates acute cellular infiltration and mast cell
      secretion which is followed by fat necrosis, synovial hyperplasia, and
      mononuclear cell infiltration.

PMID- 3392962
TI  - Immunohistochemical study of colorectal adenomas with monoclonal antibodies
      against blood group antigens (sialosyl-Le(a), Le(a), Le(b), Le(x), Le(y), A, B,
      and H).
AB  - We studied 40 colorectal adenomas with monoclonal antibodies against blood group
      antigens (sialosyl-Le(a), Le(a), Le(b), Le(x), Le(y), A, B, and H). Sialosyl
      Le(a), Le(a), Le(x), and Le(y) are usually present in different compartments of
      the crypts of normal colorectum and can be considered markers of normal
      differentiation antigens (NDA). The former two antigens represent markers for
      differentiated colonic epithelium and the latter two, markers for
      "undifferentiated" crypt base epithelium. Le(b), A, B, and H are normally absent
      from the distal colon and rectum, but are expressed by fetal colon and carcinomas
      and are considered oncofetal tumor-associated antigens (OF-TAA). Individual
      adenomas could be characterized as to whether or not they expressed OF-TAA and
      NDA. Of the adenomas, 35% were OF-TAA+/NDA+, 40% were OF-TAA+/NDA-, 17.5% were OF
      TAA-/NDA+, and 7.5% were OF-TAA-/NDA-. When NDA were present, they were expressed
      in the same compartment of the crypt as in the normal colon and rectum. In
      adenomas there was proliferation of the undifferentiated enterocyte marker Lex
      throughout the entire length of the crypt when compared with controls (p less
      than 0.01). Of the adenomas, 75% expressed OF-TAA, however, 35% of adenomas
      concomitantly expressed NDA in the same distribution as normal colon and rectum
      indicating that adenomas have features of both carcinoma and normal colorectum
      epithelium.

PMID- 3392963
TI  - The management of early breast cancer (clinical stage I).

PMID- 3392964
TI  - 111 I. M. A. grafts: the use of the internal mammary artery in modern coronary
      artery surgery.

PMID- 3392965
TI  - Sex-role attitudes and divorce experience.

PMID- 3392966
TI  - Effects of type A personality and leisure ethic on Chinese college students'
      leisure activities and academic performance.

PMID- 3392967
TI  - Ethnic differences in test anxiety.

PMID- 3392968
TI  - The value confrontation approach to enduring behavior modification.

PMID- 3392969
TI  - Economic factors and suicide.

PMID- 3392970
TI  - Adolescent values as predictors of self-reported achievement in young men.

PMID- 3392971
TI  - Differences in self-concept among high, average, and low achieving high school
      sophomores.

PMID- 3392972
TI  - Formation of a boundary layer in steady-state blood flow.
AB  - This paper is devoted to a study of boundary layer formation in the steady flow
      of blood through the human aorta. Blood is treated as an incompressible fluid.
      Consideration is given to a flat-top velocity profile which combines the
      potential flow with the boundary layer; expressions for the displacement
      thickness, skin-friction and pressure in the entry region are derived.

PMID- 3392973
TI  - Comparison of pressure losses in steady non-Newtonian flow through experimental
      tapered and cylindrical arterial prostheses.
AB  - The use of an arterial prosthesis with a tapered lumen has several important
      advantages; for example, improved stability of flow, increased wall shear and
      better matching of its size with that of the host vessel. Tapering may, however,
      lead to increased energy losses, particularly if the angle of taper is large and
      the flow is high. This study is concerned with the determination of pressure drop
      for steady and laminar converging flow through rigid wall models of tapered
      arterial grafts. The angles of taper examined ranged from 0.5 degrees to 1.0
      degrees. Aqueous solutions of polyacrylamide, with non-Newtonian viscous
      properties similar to those of blood, were used. The pressure drops across the
      tapered tubes were measured and the data were related to the pressure loss in
      cylindrical tubes of equivalent dimensions. Expressions for the ratio of the
      pressure drop in a tapered tube to that in a cylindrical tube for steady flow of
      a power law fluid were derived; there was good agreement between the predicted
      and the measured pressure drop ratios over a wide range of flows. The results of
      this study may be applied to the design of tapered arterial grafts. The pressure
      losses to be expected in tapered bypass grafts having various dimensions can
      easily be computed.

PMID- 3392975
TI  - Biostereometric analysis for breast cancer detection.
AB  - A measurement technique has been developed for noninvasive breast cancer
      detection. The process involves the use of close-range stereophotogrammetry as a
      data acquisition device for the determination of breast surface concavities. We
      report the methodology used to detect these surface depressions, the rationale
      for the study, and our preliminary findings.

PMID- 3392976
TI  - Three-dimensional model of the human craniofacial skeleton: method and
      preliminary results using finite element analysis.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to develop a three-dimensional finite element model
      of the craniofacial skeleton using a dry human skull. The model consisted of 2918
      nodes and 1776 solid elements, and was used to investigate the biomechanical
      effect of a distally directed orthopaedic force on the craniofacial complex. The
      force was applied at the level of the maxillary first molar. The results
      indicated that in response to the force system applied: the nasomaxillary complex
      displaces in a backward and downward direction and rotates in clockwise sense;
      the nasomaxillary complex, including the zygomatic bone, experiences high stress
      levels in comparison with those at the remaining bones; the stress distribution
      in the maxillary basal bone area is relatively uniform; and the stress
      distribution across the opposing surface of the bony margins of the sutures is
      non-uniform.

PMID- 3392974
TI  - Frequency response of the arterial wall.
AB  - The high frequency response of human common iliac arterial segments in vitro was
      investigated. It was found that at those high frequencies the response resembles
      that of a second order underdamped system. However, to stimulate the arterial
      response throughout the frequency range, a higher order model is required. A
      fifth order system appears to describe the observed behaviour in a satisfactory
      way between 0.02 and 200 Hz.

PMID- 3392977
TI  - Analogue computer system for the evaluation of hip joint moments during normal
      walking.
AB  - Hip joint moments were determined by analogue computer techniques, using as
      inputs the angles formed by body segments during normal walking. The control
      algorithm was based on the division of the walking cycle into six stages; each
      activated by contact of heel, mid-foot and fore-foot. The problem of the accuracy
      of double differentiation was overcome by means of two filters which amplify the
      gain at the basic frequency of the walking cycle, while reducing it above 10 Hz.
      The analogue model gave reasonable results, suggesting that it could be used as
      an input to a real time microcomputer-based adaptive control system for the
      maintenance of hip joint balance in an amputee during walking.

PMID- 3392978
TI  - Measurement of discrete vertical in-shoe stress with piezoelectric transducers.
AB  - The purpose of this investigation was to design and validate a system suitable
      for non-invasive measurement of discrete in-shoe vertical plantar stress during
      dynamic activities. Eight transducers were constructed, with small piezoelectric
      ceramic squares (4.83 x 4.83 x 1.3 mm) used to generate a charge output
      proportional to vertical plantar stress. The mechanical properties of the
      transducers included 2.3% linearity and 3.7% hysteresis for stresses up to 2000
      kPa and loading times up to 200 ms. System design efficacy was analysed by means
      of a multiple day, multiple trial data collection. With the transducers placed
      beneath plantar landmarks, the footstrike of one subject was recorded ten times
      on each of five days while running at 3.58 m/s on a treadmill. Within-day and
      between-day proportional error (PE) was used to estimate the error contained in
      the mean peak stress during foot contact. Within-day PE focused on trial to trial
      variability associated with the subject and equipment, and averaged 3.1% (range
      2.5-4.0%) across transducer location. Between-day PE provided a cumulative
      estimate of subject, transducer placement, and random equipment variability, but
      excluded trial to trial variability. It ranged from 4.9 to 15.8%, with a mean of
      9.9%. Peak stress, impulse, and sequence of loading data were examined to
      identify discrete foot function patterns and highlight the value of discrete
      stress analysis.

PMID- 3392979
TI  - Estimation of running frequency spectra using a Kalman filter algorithm.
AB  - A method is suggested for the computation of running frequency spectra from non
      stationary oscillations in a long time series. The method is based on an
      autoregressive model where the coefficients are assumed to vary slowly. The
      coefficients are updated using the Kalman filter technique. The method is shown
      to be superior to ordinary autoregressive spectral estimation based on stationary
      theory in recognizing rapid changes in the frequencies of oscillations.

PMID- 3392980
TI  - New software QRS detector algorithm suitable for real time applications with low
      signal-to-noise ratios.
AB  - A new algorithm for QRS-detection is presented; it is based on template
      comparison, but unlike the cross-correlation algorithm, it involves no
      multiplications, and is less time-consuming and therefore suitable for real-time
      applications. It is demonstrated that the new algorithm performs practically as
      well as cross correlation, and is useful in situations where low signal to noise
      ratios are common.

PMID- 3392981
TI  - Real time microprocessor-based 50 Hz notch filter for ECG.
AB  - High performance analogue notch filters are difficult to realize in practice.
      Their real time digital counterparts, when implemented on an inexpensive
      microprocessor with no additional hardware, also have limitations of their own.
      To overcome these limitations, we have developed a new type of 50 Hz notch filter
      with its poles close to the zero of the transfer function 1 + Z-N. This new type
      of digital notch filter can be used for suppression of 50 Hz noise in the ECG.
      The filter is simple to design and easy to implement on most 8-bit
      microprocessors. It has a high execution speed, low analogue to digital noise,
      low recursive noise and good frequency response with no overshoot or ringing. It
      is capable of suppressing 50 Hz noise by at least 40 db. Its finite bandwidth of
      4 Hz causes about 2% attenuation on the QRS peak, which is acceptable for almost
      all practical applications. One possible drawback is that multiple notches occur
      at higher frequencies. However, this has hardly any effect on the ECG because of
      the limited notch bandwidth.

PMID- 3392982
TI  - A system for modelling forces on the hip joint in one-legged stance.
AB  - We describe a method of testing hip prostheses. The prosthesis is implanted in a
      proximal section of femur, which is loaded to model the forces applied through
      the acetabulum via the greater trochanter.

PMID- 3392984
TI  - Numerical solution of non-steady magnetohydrodynamic flow of blood through a
      porous channel.
AB  - Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) principles may be used to decelerate the flow of
      arterial blood and hence be of potential value in the treatment of cardiovascular
      disorders associated with an accelerated circulation. We examine the non-steady
      flow of blood in a porous parallel plate channel under the influence of a
      transverse magnetic field and different pressure gradients.

PMID- 3392983
TI  - Dimensional measurements on images from a video camera or cassette recorder using
      a BBC microcomputer.
AB  - We have developed a system that enables a BBC microcomputer to make dimensional
      measurements on images from a video camera or cassette recorder without a
      framestore. The RGB output of the computer is synchronized to the output of the
      camera or recorder and the two displayed simultaneously on the same monitor.
      Measurements can be made directly from the displayed image using points indicated
      by the computer graphics cursor via its keyboard. Distances can be measured with
      a precision of about 0.4%. The system is very versatile but is especially useful
      for measuring the freeze-frame output from a Philips standard videotape.

PMID- 3392985
TI  - Nutritional modulation of tumor growth.
AB  - The relationship between tumor and host tissue proliferation as a function of
      protein calorie deficiency followed by balanced nutritional repletion was
      examined in a series of C3H female mice with MA16/C tumors. Tumor and host tissue
      DNA synthesis was determined in animals with subcutaneously implanted tumors who
      were randomized to either regular diet (RD) or a totally protein-free diet (PFD)
      for 5 days followed by refeeding for 4, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48, or 72 hr. Animals
      maintained on a protein-free diet demonstrated a decrease in DNA synthetic
      activity in both tumor and host tissues. Following refeeding of a regular diet to
      animals fed the protein-free diet, resumption of DNA synthesis in tumor preceded
      that of liver and was greatest by four hours of refeeding. In the liver, return
      of DNA synthetic activity was delayed but exceeded control levels by 36 hr.
      Compared to our previous studies examining the effects of starvation, we found
      that an isocaloric protein-free diet caused a smaller decrease in tumor DNA
      synthetic activity and an earlier resumption in tumor proliferation with the
      reinstitution of a normal protein diet. These studies suggest a nutrient-specific
      response for tumor and host tissues with nutritional deprivation and refeeding.

PMID- 3392986
TI  - The use of quantitative perfusion fluorometry to measure relative tumor and liver
      blood flow after transient microembolization.
AB  - Optimal chemotherapy delivery to the tumor depends on regional drug
      concentration, tumor perfusion, tissue drug uptake, and metabolism. Modulation of
      tumor blood flow has been used to improve tumor response to treatment. Transient
      microembolization is one method to alter regional blood flow, but its effects on
      relative changes in tumor and liver blood flow have not been previously measured.
      This study used quantitative perfusion fluorometry (QPF) to evaluate blood flow
      distribution in liver and tumor before and after hepatic arterial infusion of
      degradable starch microspheres (DSMs) in 10 New Zealand white rabbits. QPF was
      compared with radioactive xenon-133 washout, an established method for measuring
      blood flow. Xenon-133 was injected intraparenchymally and the clearance rate was
      measured allowing calculation of relative blood flow. QPF was then used to
      measure liver and tumor blood flow in a hepatic VX-2 tumor model after hepatic
      artery injection of DSMs. Initial tumor blood flow was 55% of liver flow. DSMs
      produced a significant and transient decrease in hepatic blood flow that was
      decreased to 40% of baseline after 25 min. Changes in relative hepatic blood flow
      after DSMs as measured by QPF correlated strongly with results obtained by xenon
      133 washout (R = 0.97, P less than 0.01). Fluorometry's simplicity and
      reliability may be clinically useful to evaluate tumor blood flow
      characteristics.

PMID- 3392987
TI  - Effects of indomethacin and leupeptin on muscle cathepsin B activity and protein
      degradation during sepsis.
AB  - The roles of prostaglandins and lysosomal proteases in accelerated skeletal
      muscle proteolysis during sepsis are not yet fully understood. In this study rats
      received intraperitoneal injections of the prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor
      indomethacin (IND, 5.0 mg/kg), the lysosomal cathepsin B inhibitor leupeptin
      (LEU, 2.5 mg/kg), or normal saline 2 hr before cecal ligation and puncture (a
      model of intraabdominal sepsis) or sham-operation. The injections were repeated
      every 6 hr for a total of four doses. Sixteen hours after operation, intact
      extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles were harvested and cathepsin B activity
      was measured in one muscle. The contralateral muscle was incubated in oxygenated
      Krebs-Henseleit bicarbonate buffer containing glucose (10 mM) and cycloheximide
      (0.5 mM), and protein degradation rate was determined as the release of tyrosine
      into the incubation medium. Both muscle cathepsin B activity and protein
      degradation rate were higher in septic than in sham-operated rats. Treatment with
      IND or LEU significantly reduced the elevated cathepsin B activity in septic
      muscles, but failed to significantly alter muscle proteolysis. In nonseptic
      muscle, both cathepsin B activity and protein degradation rate were unaffected by
      the different types of treatment. The results suggest that although
      prostaglandins may influence muscle lysosomal protease activity, neither
      prostaglandins nor the lysosomal protease cathepsin B appear to be major
      regulators of accelerated muscle protein breakdown during sepsis.

PMID- 3392988
TI  - Recombinant basic fibroblast growth factor accelerates wound healing.
AB  - Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) stimulates extracellular matrix metabolism,
      growth, and movement of mesodermally derived cells. We have previously shown that
      collagen content in polyvinyl alcohol sponges increased after bFGF treatment. We
      hypothesized that bFGF-treated incisional wounds would heal more rapidly. After
      intraperitoneal pentobarbital anesthesia, male, 200- to 250-g, Sprague-Dawley
      rats (n = 27) each underwent two sets of paired, transverse, dorsal incisions
      closed with steel sutures. On Day 3 postwounding, 0.4 ml of bFGF (recombinant,
      400 ng. Synergen) or normal saline was injected into one of each paired
      incisions. Animals were killed with ether on postwounding Days 5, 6, and 7 and
      their dorsal pelts were excised. Fresh or formalin-fixed wound strips were
      subjected to tensile strength measurements using a tensiometer. Breaking energy
      was calculated. Wound collagen content (hydroxyproline) was measured in wound
      edge samples following hydrolysis using high-performance liquid chromatography.
      There was an overall significant increase in fresh wound tensile strength (13.7
      +/- 1.06 vs 19.1 +/- 1.99 g/mm, P less than 0.01) and wound breaking energy (476
      +/- 47 vs 747 +/- 76 mm2, P less than 0.001) in bFGF-treated incisions. There was
      an increase in wound collagen content which was not statistically significant and
      there was no difference in fixed incisional tensile strength. Histologic
      examination showed better organization and maturation in bFGF wounds. Recombinant
      bFGF accelerates normal rat wound healing. This may be due to earlier
      accumulation of collagen and fibroblasts and/or to greater collagen crosslinking
      in bFGF-treated wounds.

PMID- 3392989
TI  - Ras oncogene expression as a prognostic indicator in rectal adenocarcinoma.
AB  - In order to investigate the value of ras oncogene expression as a prognostic
      indicator in rectal adenocarcinoma, we evaluated the level of ras gene protein
      product (p21) in the available material of 149 consecutive Dukes' B and C
      specimens resected at our institution between 1965 and 1981. Five year follow-up
      was available in all patients. Pathology slides and archival paraffin blocks were
      retrieved for confirmation of the original diagnosis, study of histopathological
      features, and measurement of p21 content. P21 titers were obtained using the RAP
      5 monoclonal antibody in a semiquantitative immunohistochemical assay. Titer was
      expressed as the highest dilution of antibody giving definitive staining using
      the avidin-biotin peroxidase method. The analysis indicated that the group of
      tumors with high (greater than or equal to 1:40,000) p21 titers had a worse 5
      year survival (43.9 versus 64.3%, P less than 0.02), higher incidence of distant
      metastases (51.8 versus 23.2%, P less than 0.001), and more advanced Dukes' stage
      (53.7 versus 35.7% incidence of Dukes' C stage, P less than 0.04) than tumors
      with low (less than 1:40,000) titers. Multivariate analysis also demonstrated
      that the influence of the level of ras gene protein product on survival was
      independent of Dukes' stage. We conclude that detection of high levels of ras
      oncogene protein product indicates a group of tumors with a more aggressive
      behavior, characterized by a higher percentage of distant recurrences and worse
      prognosis. These findings suggest that measurement of p21 may become clinically
      important in identifying patients at high risk of recurrent disease.

PMID- 3392990
TI  - Pulmonary complications of a roller pump right ventricular assist device.
AB  - The pulmonary effects of a right ventricular assist device (RVAD) were evaluated
      in a model of ischemic right ventricular (RV) failure. The right coronary artery
      (RCA) was ligated for 240 min in 12 mongrel dogs. Group 1 (n = 5) was supported
      medically (iv fluids, epinephrine); Group 2 (n = 7) had an RVAD instituted 30
      mins after RCA ligation, but no inotropic support was given. The RVAD was a
      standard roller pump providing right atrial to pulmonary artery flow which
      unloaded the RV. The ratio of area of infarction (AI) to area at risk (AR) of the
      RV was determined by vital dye staining. Total lung water (TLW) was determined by
      gravimetric analysis and expressed as milliliters per kilogram body weight.
      Throughout the experiment animals in Group 1 had significantly higher RV systolic
      pressures. Pulmonary vascular resistance was increased significantly in Group 2
      at 4 hr (318% of baseline vs 33%). Mean pulmonary artery pressure increased
      significantly in Group 2 from 9.4 +/- 0.9 mm Hg at baseline to 21.0 +/- 5.0 mm Hg
      at 4 hr. Group 2 animals had a decreased AI/AR ratio (19 +/- 3 vs 57 +/- 9) and
      increased TLW (20 +/- 3 vs 9 +/- 1). Lung biopsies in Group 2 revealed
      perivascular, peribronchial, and intraalveolar hemorrhages that were not present
      in Group 1. In conclusion, a roller pump RVAD limits RV infarction but produces
      pulmonary hypertension, increases pulmonary vascular resistance, and creates
      pulmonary edema and hemorrhage in the process.

PMID- 3392991
TI  - Prevention of postoperative pericardial adhesions with hydrophilic polymer
      solutions.
AB  - Pericardial adhesions subject patients requiring cardiac reoperation to potential
      injuries of the heart, great vessels, and extracardiac grafts during
      resternotomy. We evaluated polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and a methlycellulose
      derivative (MCD) as intraoperative irrigating solutions in the prevention of
      postoperative pericardial adhesions. Fifteen dogs weighing 15 to 20 kg were
      divided into three equal cohorts and subjected to left thoracotomy with
      pericardiotomy. Prior to surgical manipulation, the pericardial cavity was
      irrigated with either PVP, MCD, or Ringer's lactate (RL). Serosal injury
      stimulating intraoperative trauma was induced by gauze sponge abrasion of the
      epicardium and inner surface of the pericardium and by allowing desiccation of
      serosal surfaces for 30 min. The pericardial cavity was evaluated for adhesion
      formation 6 weeks postoperatively by reoperation. Two independent observers,
      unaware of the study solution, evaluated the extent and severity of pericardial
      adhesions on a 0-4 scale. All dogs in the RL control group had surgically
      significant adhesions and a mean adhesion score of 3.2 +/- 1.1. In contrast, no
      PVP- or MCD-treated dog had surgically significant adhesions. The mean adhesion
      scores were 0.2 +/- 0.4 for PVP and 0.5 +/- 0.7 for MCD. Our results indicate
      that PVP (P less than 0.004) and MCD (P less than 0.024) significantly reduce
      pericardial adhesion formation when compared to RL. Clinical application of PVP
      or MCD for the prevention of pericardial adhesions should reduce morbidity and
      mortality of cardiac reoperation.

PMID- 3392992
TI  - Amino acid uptake in isolated, perfused liver: effect of trauma and sepsis.
AB  - To examine alterations in amino acid metabolism after trauma and sepsis, male
      Sprague-Dawley rats underwent no operation (control, CON), celiotomy (trauma,
      TRA), or cecal ligation and puncture (sepsis, CLP). After 16 hr, plasma amino
      acid concentrations were determined. A second group of similarly prepared animals
      underwent isolated liver perfusion, and net amino acid uptake or release was
      determined over 30 min. Sepsis significantly decreased total amino acid
      concentration in portal plasma (CON, 3486 +/- 156 nmole/ml; TRA, 3407 +/- 150
      nmole/ml; CLP, 2738 +/- 148 nmole/ml). Glutamine concentrations were uniformly
      lower in portal plasma than in arterial plasma in all states. There were
      depressed concentrations of the branched chain amino acids (BCAA) in portal
      plasma after trauma but not sepsis. In the isolated liver perfusion model, a
      marked increase in amino acid uptake was induced by sepsis (CON, 39.9 +/- 7.9
      mumol/g liver protein; TRA, 49.5 +/- 17.3 mumol/g liver protein; CLP, 124 +/- 11
      mumol/g liver protein). In addition, there was significantly greater uptake of
      threonine, asparagine, proline, methionine, tyrosine, and arginine. Although the
      BCAA isoleucine and valine were taken up to a greater extent in sepsis, the
      overall BCAA uptake was not significantly greater in sepsis than in control (CON
      6.92 +/- 2.15 mumol/g liver protein vs CLP 15.8 +/- 1.9 mumol/g liver protein).
      The greatest increase in uptake following sepsis was among the gluconeogenic
      precursor amino acids alanine, glycine, threonine, and serine (CON, 27.0 +/- 4.2
      mumol/g liver protein, TRA, 38.8 +/- 8.9 mumol/g liver protein; CLP, 62.8 +/- 6.0
      mumol/g liver protein).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3392993
TI  - The protective effect of pneumococcal vaccination following partial splenectomy.
AB  - Weanling CD-1 male rats were subjected to 100, 75, and 50% splenectomy. One week
      following splenectomy, animals received either a sham immunization with 0.1 ml NS
      or pneumococcal immunization with 0.1 ml of a polyvalent (23) vaccine. Eight
      weeks following surgery, all animals received an intraperitoneal inoculation with
      10(6) Streptococcus pneumoniae Type 3 organisms and were observed for mortality.
      Significant differences in mortality were seen between sham and immunized animals
      undergoing 100 or 75% splenectomy, while in the 50% group a difference was noted
      which did not reach statistical significance (Mantel-Cox log rank test). Patients
      undergoing greater than 50% splenectomy may be afforded greater protection
      against overwhelming pneumococcal infections by immunization with pneumococcal
      vaccine.

PMID- 3392994
TI  - The effect of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) on gastric motility.
AB  - This study evaluates the effect of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) on
      gastric motility. Nine male cats (weight, 4.84 +/- 1.16 kg) were anesthetized
      with ketamine and underwent laparotomy for placement of bipolar (silver-silver
      chloride) electrodes on the serosal surface of the gastroesophageal junction
      (GEJ), antrum, and prepyloric areas of the stomach. At 1 week frontoparietal burr
      holes were performed with placement of an epidural Fogarty catheter. Migrating
      myoelectric complexes (MMCs) were evaluated at the GEJ, antrum, and prepyloric
      areas at varying levels of ICP (baseline and 20, 40, and 60 mm Hg) using balloon
      inflation. MMCs at the GEJ were triphasic with a period of 4 sec (+/- 1 sec) at
      baseline levels. At ICP levels above baseline, periodicity and waveforms at the
      GEJ became irregular. Waveforms became multiphasic with 1- to 2-sec periods and
      variable amplitudes. In the antral and prepyloric areas, duration and amplitude
      of the triphasic MMCs was unchanged from baseline. At 60 mm Hg ICP periodicity
      was significantly altered at both 1 and 2 weeks. MMCs returned to baseline levels
      with balloon deflation. The data indicate that elevated ICP (to 60 mm Hg) results
      in consistent and reproducible alterations of MMC periodicity, suggesting that
      such alterations may influence gastric motility.

PMID- 3392995
TI  - Anticoagulant effects of protamine sulfate in a canine model.
AB  - Protamine sulfate is considered a weak anticoagulant, yet little is known
      concerning the mechanism of this effect or its relation to prior heparin
      exposure. This investigation defined the influence of increasing doses of
      protamine, with and without prior heparin anticoagulation, on the activated
      clotting time (ACT), thrombin clotting time (TCT), prothrombin time (PT), partial
      thromboplastin time (PTT), fibrinogen level, platelet count, and platelet
      aggregation to ADP in dogs (n = 8). Four doses of intravenous protamine sulfate
      (1.5, 3.0, 6.0, and 15.0 mg/kg) were studied in each animal, with at least 5 days
      between individual studies. Four dogs received heparin, 150 IU/kg 10 min prior to
      protamine sulfate administration, and four dogs received protamine sulfate alone.
      Protamine sulfate caused anticoagulation, both in the presence and absence of
      heparin, with significant changes occurring in the ACT, PTT, platelet count, and
      platelet aggregation. Relevant changes did not occur in the TCT, PT, or
      fibrinogen levels. Platelet effects were capable of causing bleeding with
      standard or excess use of protamine sulfate, especially if platelet numbers were
      already decreased, as might occur in surgical procedures where thrombocytopenia
      commonly accompanies major blood loss and replacement. The ACT, reflecting both
      the coagulation cascade and platelet function, was the test most profoundly
      affected by protamine overdosage, and therefore may be misleading as a measure of
      protamine reversal of heparin. The TCT, which is sensitive to heparin
      anticoagulation but not protamine-induced anticoagulation, should be more
      accurate in differentiating inadequate heparin reversal from the effects of
      excess protamine.

PMID- 3392996
TI  - Use of ricin A-chain to selectively deplete Kupffer cells.
AB  - We used the A-chain of the toxin ricin (RTA) as a toxin specific to Kupffer cells
      in mice. RTA is specifically taken up by the mannose receptor present exclusively
      in macrophages. Kupffer cells were quantitated by shifts in beta-glucuronidase
      clearance and microscopic counts of cells which phagocytosed India ink. When
      compared to saline controls, 20 mg/kg of RTA intraperitoneally (divided over 4
      days) or intraportally (single doses) significantly prolonged the t 1/2 half-life
      of beta-glucuronidase by 270 +/- 37 and 210 +/- 8%, respectively. Kupffer cell
      numbers were significantly decreased by 27 +/- 8 and 33 +/- 16%. This effect
      persisted for at least 3 days after toxin administration. Despite effects on
      Kupffer cell number, minimal histological damage to liver, spleen, lung, and
      heart was noted. Higher doses of RTA or doses potentiated by ureteral ligation to
      prevent renal clearance resulted in prohibitive mortalities and histologic liver
      damage. Doses of Hura crepitans inhibitor, a toxin similar to RTA but not mannose
      receptor specific, did not affect Kupffer cell numbers. We conclude that RTA
      given both intraperitoneally and intraportally at low doses is toxic specifically
      to Kupffer cells. Kupffer cell numbers can be indirectly measured by beta
      glucuronidase clearance.

PMID- 3392997
TI  - Copper vapor laser fragmentation of gallstones: in vitro measurements of wall
      heat transmission.
AB  - Laser fragmentation is a promising new modality in management of retained CBD
      stones. Recent reports demonstrate the feasibility of lasers for this, but few
      studies have evaluated their safety (e.g., thermal injury may occur at greater
      than 43 degrees C). This study was conducted to measure heat transmission from
      lased bilirubinate and mixed stones to a simulated CBD wall. Four welded
      thermocouples were passed to the inside wall of 6-mm polyvinyl tubing 90 degrees
      apart to surround the lumen stone. The thermocouples were interfaced to a
      computer and temperatures were recorded every 270 msec. The tubing was submerged
      in a 37 degrees C water bath for all lasing work. A copper vapor laser
      (wavelength, 510 nm; 5.6 W; 5 kHz; pulse length, 30 ns) was attached to a 650
      micron quartz fiber. A stone was "impacted" in the tubing and the laser fiber was
      pushed against the stone while making multiple passes to fragment it. Thirty
      mixed gallstones (mean size, 6.9 X 5.1 mm) and 20 bilirubinate gallstones (mean
      size, 7.1 X 5.2 mm) were fragmented during the study. Maximum temperature (Tmax),
      duration of Tmax (TmaxD), interval to stone piercing (TiP), and interval to
      fragmentation (TiF) were measured and comparisons were carried out with the SPSS
      statistical package using the t test procedure. The Tmax generated during
      fragmentation of bilirubinate stones (43.4 +/- 1.7 degrees C) was significantly
      less (P less than 0.002) than the Tmax for mixed stones (54.0 +/- 2.7 degrees C)
      but both Tmax values represented potentially injurious temperature
      levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3392999
TI  - Clinicopathologic study of esophageal cancer associated with simultaneous
      metastatic lesions in the stomach.
AB  - Between 1965 and 1985, 89 Japanese patients with esophageal squamous cell
      carcinoma underwent esophagectomy. In five of them (5.6%), a simultaneous
      metastatic lesion from the esophageal cancer was detected within the stomach in
      the resected specimens. Preoperative diagnosis of the gastric lesions had been
      made in none of the five patients because of an obstruction that was due to
      esophageal cancer. All gastric lesions were located at the gastric cardia, close
      to the esophagocardial junction, with a mean distance of 6.9 +/- 2.0 cm from the
      primary esophageal lesions. Provision of a gastric tube that contains metastatic
      lesions, for reconstruction of a new alimentary tract after esophagectomy, must
      be avoided. In cases of inadequate preoperative gastric examination, gastric
      lesions should be searched for intraoperatively, not only by serosal inspection
      and palpation, but also by mucosal inspection and palpation after partial
      proximal gastrectomy.

PMID- 3392998
TI  - Peripheral nerve conduction abnormalities in lower extremity ischemia: the
      effects of revascularization.
AB  - Peripheral nerve conduction studies were performed on 32 limbs in 25 patients to
      determine the incidence of peripheral nerve conduction defects and prospectively
      evaluate the influence of revascularization in patients with lower extremity
      ischemia. Ankle pressure indices improved from a mean preoperative value of 0.43
      +/- 0.12 to 0.81 +/- 0.26 in patients with aortoiliac disease and 0.40 +/- 0.13
      +/- 0.84 +/- 0.19 in the limbs of patients with femoropopliteal disease, P less
      than 0.001. When compared to controls, there were significant nerve conduction
      abnormalities detected in the common peroneal and posterior tibial nerves of
      patients with aortoiliac and femoropopliteal disease preoperatively, P less than
      0.02. Postoperatively, there was no improvement in nerve conduction, amplitudes,
      or velocities in the common peroneal or posterior tibial nerves when compared to
      preoperative values. However, distal latency in the sural nerve in patients with
      aortoiliac disease was prolonged indicating deterioration in function. Nerve
      conduction abnormalities in patients with aortoiliac and femoropopliteal
      occlusive diseases are often present in patients with lower extremity ischemia
      and are not significantly improved by revascularization. These observations may
      indicate nonreversible changes as a result of chronic ischemia.

PMID- 3393000
TI  - The characteristics of thymoma with myasthenia gravis: a 28-year experience.
AB  - Of 134 patients with thymoma, 79 (59%) also had myasthenia gravis (MG). The
      thymoma with MG differed from that in the absence of MG in the following aspects:
      The ratio of lymphocytes to epithelial cells in the tumor was larger, the
      polygonal cell type was more prominent (i.e., in 83% of the MG patients this cell
      type predominated), and the differentiation of epithelial cells in the tumor was
      more advanced in the group with MG than in the group without MG. Furthermore, the
      clinical stage of thymoma was earlier, the recurrence rate was lower, and the
      survival curve was better in the group with MG than in the group without MG.
      These findings suggest that the thymoma with MG is less malignant than that
      without MG.

PMID- 3393001
TI  - Sexual function after surgery and combination chemotherapy in men with
      disseminated nonseminomatous testicular cancer.
AB  - Between 1978 and 1982 the sexual functions of 54 patients with a nonseminomatous
      testicular tumor stage II or III were assessed before and after treatment with
      surgery and combination chemotherapy. Two years after completing therapy 54% of
      the patients experienced sexual functional disorders. Greatly reduced or absent
      antegrade ejaculation was reported by 26 patients; 18 of them had been treated
      with more or less extensive retroperitoneal lymph node dissection, whereas 8 had
      not. This means that the chemotherapy might be responsible for ejaculatory
      disorders in 30% of the patients. Only two patients reported a change in the
      quality of erection; seven patients experienced a decidedly diminished libido,
      and five patients noticed their orgasm had changed in a negative sense. The
      appearance of the contralateral testis changed in 21 patients, who showed
      "atrophy" of this testis. The findings of this study indicate that sexual and
      ejaculatory disorders in particular are quite common in men treated for a
      disseminated nonseminomatous testicular tumor. Many of these disorders seem to be
      owing to causes other than surgical intervention.

PMID- 3393002
TI  - In vitro assessment of cephaloridine nephrotoxicity: comparison of renal cortical
      slice and renal tubule fragment techniques.
AB  - Renal cortical slices and a suspension of renal tubule fragments were prepared
      from male Wistar rats that had received a single s.c. dose of either
      cephaloridine (100 mg/kg) or normal saline (1 ml/kg) 48 h previously. The
      comparative sensitivity of these tissue preparations as in vitro models to assess
      nephrotoxin-induced changes in renal function was investigated by measuring the
      ability of the preparations to undertake the active accumulation of [3H]para
      aminohippuric acid and to undertake gluconeogenesis from sodium pyruvate. Through
      the use of the cortical slice technique, [3H]para-aminohippuric acid tissue
      accumulation and glucose production in the cephaloridine-treated group were not
      significantly different from control. In contrast, using the tubule fragment
      technique, significant (p less than 0.05) reductions in the accumulation of
      [3H]para-aminohippuric acid and in the production of glucose via gluconeogenesis,
      between cephaloridine and normal saline control treatments were observed. Control
      values in the tubule fragment technique, for para-aminohippuric acid transport
      and glucose production via gluconeogenesis, were observed to be much greater than
      control values obtained from the cortical slice technique. It is suggested that
      the tubule fragment technique may be a more valuable in vitro preparation to
      assess the effects of potential nephrotoxins on tubule transport function than
      the still widely used cortical slice technique. The use of specific metabolic
      substrates, such as acetate, that will stimulate cellular metabolism and
      substrate transport, will also enhance the value of the technique.

PMID- 3393003
TI  - Creation of a carotid-jugular fistula for repeated hemoaccess in a canine model.
AB  - We have developed a method to obtain access to the arterial circulation in the
      dog, which can be used for repeated hemoperfusion, hemodialysis, and for
      pharmacokinetic studies. Hemoaccess is achieved by the surgical creation of a
      carotid-jugular fistula. Using the fistula, which is internal and autogenous, has
      overcome the problems of thrombosis, dislodgement, and infection, which are
      associated with external shunts. Blood flow rates of between 70 and 100 ml/min in
      12-kg dogs were obtained through a hemodialysis pump. The surgical techniques are
      described in detail so that other investigators can avail themselves of the
      methodology.

PMID- 3393004
TI  - Improved intestinal cannula for drug delivery studies in the dog.
AB  - A modified light-weight intestinal cannula, based on the modified Thomas type
      (Thomas, 1941; Jones et al., 1971) was fabricated and tested. The design extends
      the useful life of the cannula and expands the versatility of the canine
      gastrointestinal (GI) system for pharmaceutical and physiological research. The
      cannula permits easy administration of pharmaceutical dosage forms directly into
      or access to ingested substances anywhere along the small intestine.

PMID- 3393005
TI  - Measurement of specific airway conductance in guinea pigs. A noninvasive method.
AB  - A constant volume plethysmographic technique has been developed to measure
      specific airway conductance (sGaw) in unanesthetized spontaneously breathing
      guinea pigs. The technique utilizes a specially designed animal restraining
      device and mask piece. sGaw is measured at end-expiration and does not require
      knowledge of thoracic gas volume. Control values are within the range reported
      previously for this species. The method is noninvasive with minimum stress to the
      animals. Exposure of guinea pigs to an aerosol of cotton dust extract produces
      similar qualitative changes (a fall) in sGaw to those observed in human
      volunteers exposed to the same aerosol. The method is proposed as a suitable
      model for the study of byssinosis (the occupational lung disease associated with
      chronic exposure to cotton dust). The technique may also be applied to the acute
      and chronic study of the airway response to other airborne pharmacological and
      toxicological agents.

PMID- 3393006
TI  - Automated on-line system for the acquisition and computation of skeletal muscle
      end-plate derived signals.
AB  - A low-cost computerized system to collect electrophysiological data, either off-
      or on-line from in vitro preparations treated with different pharmacological
      agents, is discussed. The block diagrams of the hardware configuration and of the
      logical procedures are illustrated and discussed.

PMID- 3393007
TI  - A superfusion method for the study of calcium fluxes from pituitary cells.
AB  - This paper describes a superfusion technique that allows the study of calcium
      fluxes from a preparation of anterior pituitary cells. There is easy
      reproducibility, high sensitivity, controlled conditions that closely resemble
      those in vivo, possibility to operate sequential treatments on the same sample.
      These are some of the advantages of this method. An interesting application
      consists of the possibility of simultaneous measurement of calcium fluxes and
      hormone release.

PMID- 3393008
TI  - Simultaneous determination of ventricular function and systemic hemodynamics in
      the conscious rat.
AB  - This study describes a method that utilizes a combination of the Millar
      transducer and Columbus thermistor in the conscious, spontaneously hypertensive
      rat and that permits simultaneous evaluation of the effects of cardiovascular
      agents on ventricular performance and systemic hemodynamics. Left ventricular end
      diastolic pressure (LVEDP, mmHg) and LV dp/dt (mmHg/sec) were measured with a
      Millar transducer inserted into the left ventricle of spontaneously hypertensive
      rats under ether anesthesia. Cardiac output (CO, ml/min) was measured by
      thermodilution (Columbus Instruments) with a thermocouple in the thoracic aorta
      via the femoral artery. Mean arterial pressure (MAP, mmHg) was measured via a
      catheter in the other femoral artery. All cardiovascular parameters measured were
      shown to attain a steady state within 3 hr after cessation of ether
      administration. Infusion of the beta adrenergic receptor agonist isoproterenol
      increased LV max dP/dt, heart rate (HR), and CO, and decreased arterial blood
      pressure and peripheral resistance. Administration of propranolol resulted in
      decreased HR, LV dP/dt and CO. The results show that this model was stable over
      an extended period of time and was responsive to standard inotropic agents. Thus,
      the combined use of the Millar transducer and the Columbus thermistor appears
      suitable for the assessment of acute pharmacological interventions on
      cardiovascular function in the conscious rat.

PMID- 3393009
TI  - Herbal remedies in the traditional medicine of the Venezia Giulia region (north
      east Italy).
AB  - This study, carried out in the Friuli-Venezia Giulia Region (N.E. Italy),
      concerns the traditional uses of wild plants against human diseases. One hundred
      eighty-one local plant species are used for treating various illnesses. Parts of
      plants, their traditional uses, methods of preparing the drug, chemical
      constituents and therapeutical properties are described. Often the therapeutical
      properties are correctly known. This study may be useful to pharmacologists and
      chemists interested in plants with medicinal properties, as well as to botanists
      with ethnobotanical interests.

PMID- 3393010
TI  - Pharmacological investigations on Achyrocline satureioides (LAM.) DC.,
      Compositae.
AB  - Achyrocline satureioides (Lam.) DC. inflorescences have been used as remedies in
      folk medicine for the treatment of a variety of human ailments, particularly
      those of the gastrointestinal tract. Different extracts of inflorescences have
      been tested for anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antispasmodic, constipating and
      sedative activities. The aqueous extracts (maceration and decoction) and
      ethanolic macerate exhibited an inhibition of the carrageenan-induced rat paw
      oedema at a dose range of 75-500 mg kg-1 i.p., and also showed analgesic effect
      with the acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice. The gastrointestinal
      propulsion of a charcoal suspension was not affected significantly by any
      extract, at a dose of 200 mg kg-1 p.o., in mice. The aqueous decoction increased
      pentobarbital-induced sleeping time, at doses of 200 and 500 mg kg-1 i.p. and
      p.o., in mice. The ethanolic macerate inhibited contractions induced by
      acetylcholine, histamine, noradrenaline and barium chloride in four different
      smooth muscle tissues. The antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory activities were
      reproduced with quercetin, luteolin and quercetin 3-methyl ether, flavonoids that
      have been isolated from this plant. A partial evaluation of the toxicity of the
      extracts was also performed. The pharmacological effects assayed are discussed in
      relation to the chemical constituents of this plant and its popular use in
      gastrointestinal disturbances, and inflammatory conditions could be related to
      the presence of the flavonoids.

PMID- 3393011
TI  - Traditional phytotherapy in the Roccamonfina volcanic group, Campania, southern
      Italy.
AB  - An investigation of the medicinal plants used in the Roccamonfina volcanic group
      is reported. The phytotherapy appears to be still utilized consistently; approx.
      70 entities distributed among 39 different families are used. The chemical
      components and pharmacological behaviour of most of the species are very well
      known, however, an accurate phytochemical and pharmacological study seems
      necessary for some of them.

PMID- 3393012
TI  - Pharmacologic effects of codonopsis pilosula-astragalus injection in the
      treatment of CHD patients.

PMID- 3393013
TI  - 32 cases of acute mastitis treated with acupuncture, moxibustion and cupping.

PMID- 3393014
TI  - Sequelae of cerebral birth injury in infants treated by acupressure.

PMID- 3393015
TI  - Therapeutic effect of microwave acupuncture on 53 cases of proliferative
      mastosis.

PMID- 3393016
TI  - Treatment of acute aplastic anemia by traditional Chinese medicine combined with
      Western drugs.

PMID- 3393017
TI  - Acupuncture treatment of functional uterine bleeding--a clinical observation of
      30 cases.

PMID- 3393019
TI  - Studies on the chemical constituents and pharmacological actions of dangshen,
      Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf.

PMID- 3393018
TI  - Motherwort and cerebral ischemia.

PMID- 3393021
TI  - Teaching round: apoplexy.

PMID- 3393020
TI  - Studies on treatment of glomerulonephritis by TCM yi-qi huo-xue methods.

PMID- 3393022
TI  - Acupuncture treatment of menstrual pain.

PMID- 3393024
TI  - In myelodysplastic syndromes progression to leukemia is directly related to PHA
      dependency for colony formation and independent of in vitro maturation capacity.
AB  - In an agar-liquid double-layer colony assay in which myeloid leukemia colony
      forming cells require the presence of both the lectin PHA and CSF for in vitro
      proliferation, colony formation of bone marrow cells derived from patients with a
      myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) was studied. In five of 14 MDS and all five
      leukemic transformed MDS cases, colony formation was found to require both PHA
      and CSF. Three of these five PHA-dependent MDS cases progressed to overt leukemia
      within 1 year, one progressed from RA to RAEB, and one patient received AML
      chemotherapy. PHA-dependent colony formation was associated with higher bone
      marrow blast counts, but not directly to FAB type or cytogenetic abnormalities.
      In nine other MDS cases only CSF was required for colony formation. In these PHA
      independent cases the course of the disease was stable during the observation
      time (5-17 months). Two types of colonies were observed in this in vitro system:
      colonies adherent and colonies nonadherent to the agar underlayer. The former
      consisted of terminally differentiated myeloid cells, and the latter comprised
      immature cells. This suggests that the percentage of adherent colonies formed in
      vitro may be used as a measure for the maturation defect in MDS. However, no
      correlation was found between the percentage of adherent colonies and progression
      to leukemia of the MDS cases. Our findings suggest that the dependency on PHA for
      in vitro colony formation of colony-forming cells in MDS is predictive for the
      progression to leukemia. However, the in vitro differentiation capacity has no
      apparent prognostic significance.

PMID- 3393025
TI  - Parenting during mid-adolescence: a review of developmental theories and
      parenting behaviors.
AB  - Developmental literature on adolescence is reviewed with emphasis on the span
      between 15 and 17 years. Characteristics seen in the competent parent are
      identified. A chart illustrates specific parental competencies expected during
      mid and late adolescence, based on theory analysis. Areas of strength and
      potential problems for the young teenaged parent are examined. Among the deficits
      identified for the mid-adolescent parent are caregiving skills and affective
      behaviors including empathy and stimulation. Based on the resolution of
      developmental tasks, it is evident that a self-view as competent parent is
      dependent on achieving a sense of identity. Suggestions for interventions and
      further research focus on increasing the parental competence of the adolescent
      mother.

PMID- 3393023
TI  - Intensive maintenance therapy improves survival in adult acute nonlymphocytic
      leukemia: an eight-year follow-up.
AB  - Although a large majority of adult patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia
      (ANLL) achieve complete remission with present day therapy, eventual relapse and
      death is the rule rather than the exception. In an effort to improve survival, an
      intensive maintenance therapy approach was evaluated in 86 patients with ANLL in
      remission (median age 47 years) entered on study from 1978 to 1982. One-third of
      patients in remission were randomized to chemotherapy alone, one-third to
      splenectomy in addition to chemotherapy, and one-third to immunotherapy in
      addition to chemotherapy. The chemotherapy, which was identical in the three arms
      of the study, consisted of cytosine arabinoside plus 6-thioguanine, each given at
      a dose of 100 mg/m2 every 12 hr for a variable number of days, to render the
      patient's marrow aplastic, and was repeated every three months for three or more
      years. Median remission duration for patients in all three study groups is 21
      months, with 58% of patients remaining in remission at one year. Twenty-five per
      cent of complete remitters are in continuous complete remission five to nine
      years after beginning intensive maintenance therapy. The median duration of
      survival of remitters is 25 months. Neither splenectomy nor immunotherapy had
      additional impact on remission duration or survival. In comparison with the
      results of earlier studies at the same institution in patients with similar
      characteristics, using identical remission induction therapy but less intensive
      maintenance therapy (46 patients), there has been a significant improvement in
      remission duration (p less than 0.001) and a significant impact on survival (p =
      0.03) attributable to the use of intensive maintenance therapy. Intensive
      maintenance therapy may cure some adult patients with ANLL.

PMID- 3393026
TI  - Parent support through telephone consultation.
AB  - Parents of young children are known to need special support but few communities
      have made such support widely available. Bright Beginnings Warmline, a free non
      medical telephone service in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, was established to provide
      informational and emotional support for caregivers, with emphasis on parents of
      children from birth to 5 years of age. The goals of the Warmline are to offer
      callers sensitive, knowledgeable support and to reduce several specific
      conditions known to be associated with child maltreatment. This paper describes
      the Warmline, including its history and rationale, goals and methods of
      operation. An analysis of the calls made to the Warmline by mothers of infants
      one month of age and younger is also presented.

PMID- 3393027
TI  - Temperament in infancy: stability, change, and correlates.
AB  - The present study investigated whether temperament categories and diagnoses of
      the Revised Infant Temperament Questionnaire (RITQ) remain stable during infancy.
      Additionally, the relationships between RITQ ratings and scores on the Brazelton
      Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale and the Bayley Scales of Infant Development
      were evaluated. The sample included 79 nonrisk infants. The results indicate that
      most categories of temperament, as well as diagnostic clusters, remain stable
      from 4 to 8 months of life. The majority of NBAS dimensions and Bayley mental
      scores were not significantly associated with temperament ratings. The
      antecedents of ratings of infants' difficultness were similarly unidentified by
      mothers' perceptions of their infant's behavior.

PMID- 3393028
TI  - A study of mothers' postpartum teaching priorities.
AB  - This descriptive study investigated the teaching priorities of mothers during the
      early puerperium. Subjects (N = 117) were English-speaking women who had normal
      vaginal deliveries and healthy newborns. A questionnaire consisting of 16
      maternal and 23 infant care teaching topics was administered during the 3-day
      postpartum hospital stay. Respondents rated each topic's teaching priority on a 4
      point, Very Important to Not Very Important, scale. Results were analyzed with
      percentages in relation to all mothers, maternal age groups (teens, twenties,
      thirties), and parity groups (primiparas, multiparas). The maternal care topic of
      highest priority for all age and parity groups was "Postpartum Complications."
      The infant care topic of highest priority for all age and parity groups was
      "Infant Illnesses." The results suggest that these teaching topics are of most
      concern to mothers during the early postpartum period. The mothers' priorities
      assigned to other teaching topics varied by age and parity groups.

PMID- 3393029
TI  - Application of a stress and coping framework to one adolescent's experience with
      hospitalization.
AB  - The stress and coping framework proposed by Lazarus is utilized as a basis for
      understanding the responses of a 13-year-old boy hospitalized for corrective
      surgery. Interview data are presented to illustrate how the boy responded to
      particular aspects of the hospitalization experience.

PMID- 3393030
TI  - Nosocomial infection rates as an indicator of quality.
AB  - An interest in using nosocomial infection rates as an outcome measure to reflect
      quality of care in hospitals prompted us to consider factors in addition to
      quality that influence these rates. Approximately one third of nosocomial
      infections are potentially preventable, and changes in this "preventable" stratum
      of infections should reflect variations in quality. However, it will be necessary
      to identify those potentially preventable infections by calculating rates which
      are adjusted for intrinsic patient risk. Five other factors necessary for
      nosocomial infection rates to be a valid and reliable indicator of quality
      include identification of critical indicators (e.g., types of infection) and
      sampling schemes that most accurately reflect variations in quality; adoption of
      standardized, objective definitions of site-specific nosocomial infections;
      adoption of universal denominators across institutions; development of a
      monitoring system to assess compliance with surveillance and reporting
      procedures; and the adoption of more standardized training for infection control
      practitioners.

PMID- 3393031
TI  - The Duke-UNC Functional Social Support Questionnaire. Measurement of social
      support in family medicine patients.
AB  - A 14-item, self-administered, multidimensional, functional social support
      questionnaire was designed and evaluated on 401 patients attending a family
      medicine clinic. Patients were selected from randomized time-frame sampling
      blocks during regular office hours. The population was predominantly white,
      female, married, and under age 45. Eleven items remained after test-retest
      reliability was assessed over a 1- to 4-week follow-up period. Factor analysis
      and item remainder analysis reduced the remaining 11 items to a brief and easy-to
      complete two-scale, eight-item functional social support instrument. Construct
      validity, concurrent validity, and discriminant validity are demonstrated for the
      two scales (confidant support--five items and affective support--three items).
      Factor analysis and correlations with other measures of social support suggest
      that the three remaining items (visits, instrumental support, and praise) are
      distinct entities that may need further study.

PMID- 3393033
TI  - [Results, the heart of the article].

PMID- 3393032
TI  - The MOS short-form general health survey. Reliability and validity in a patient
      population.

PMID- 3393034
TI  - [Virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome and acquired immunodeficiency
      syndrome].

PMID- 3393035
TI  - [Outpatient neurological care: less than 4 1/2 minutes per patient].

PMID- 3393036
TI  - [Lymphoma of the parotid gland in Sjogren syndrome].

PMID- 3393037
TI  - [Osteoarticular disorder of the hip in a heroin addict with systemic
      candidiasis].

PMID- 3393038
TI  - [Negative electromyoneurographic studies in carpal tunnel syndrome].

PMID- 3393039
TI  - [Discussion or the truth without exaggeration].

PMID- 3393040
TI  - [Interactions and undesirable side effects of platelet aggregation inhibitors].

PMID- 3393041
TI  - [Lymphangio-leiomyomatosis. Apropos of a case].

PMID- 3393042
TI  - [How do changes in the plasma concentration of HDL induced by probucol operate?].

PMID- 3393043
TI  - [Nyctohemeral rhythm and cerebrovascular pathology. Prospective clinical study of
      206 patients].

PMID- 3393044
TI  - [The leukocyte zone on Multistix-10-SG reactive strips for cerebrospinal, seminal
      and peritoneal fluids].

PMID- 3393045
TI  - [Chronobiology of cerebrovascular disorders].

PMID- 3393046
TI  - [Health Maintenance Organizations (HMO). The search for a model of a health
      agency].

PMID- 3393047
TI  - [A minor form of scientific communication?].

PMID- 3393048
TI  - [Distal tubular acidosis associated with polycystic kidney in an adult].

PMID- 3393049
TI  - [Circulating anticoagulants and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome].

PMID- 3393050
TI  - [When should antitubercular therapy be administered in Addison's disease?].

PMID- 3393051
TI  - Experimental ab interno sclerotomies using a pulsed-dye laser.
AB  - We studied the use of a short-pulse, flashlamp-pumped dye laser, emitting at 666
      nm, to create ab interno sclerotomies in cynomolgus monkeys using a fiberoptic
      delivery system. Because of the low optical absorption of the sclera in the
      visible portion of the spectrum, ablation of sclera by continuous wave lasers
      emitting in this region requires high energies and produces significant thermal
      damage to surrounding tissues. To enhance the optical absorption of sclera,
      methylene blue dye was applied iontophoretically; patent sclerotomies were
      obtained in all 10 eyes of six cynomolgus monkeys, with energies ranging from 15
      to 50 mj/pulse. Thermal damage to the adjacent sclera was confined to 300
      microns. Complications included mild intraoperative hyphema at all pulse energies
      and iridodialysis at higher pulse energies. Filtration blebs routinely failed
      within 7 days; the use of 5-fluorouracil postoperatively significantly prolonged
      bleb duration. The small incision technique described allows ab interno
      sclerotomies to be created with low pulse energies without the need for
      conjunctival dissection, thereby avoiding the problems associated with
      conjunctival wounds. An advantage of this technique is that it can be modified to
      create ab interno sclerotomies noninvasively by delivering pulsed visible
      radiation through the cornea with a gonioscopic-slitlamp system.

PMID- 3393053
TI  - Protection of the rat lung from the harmful effects of laser smoke.
AB  - Fourteen Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to CO2 laser exhaust that had first
      passed through smoke-evacuator filters. Six rats breathed laser vapors that were
      filtered through commercially available, standard production model smoke
      evacuator systems. These animals demonstrated pulmonary lesions identical to but
      qualitatively less severe than those observed in animals breathing unfiltered
      vapor. Six additional rats were protected by the interposition of a cartridge
      filter plus an ultra-low penetration air filter, which trapped 0.1 micron
      particles; the microscopic sections of the lungs of these experimental rats and
      two control rats were similar in appearance, i.e., no pathological changes were
      observed.

PMID- 3393052
TI  - Partial nephrectomy using the Nd:YAG laser: a comparison of the 1.06 mu and 1.32
      mu lasers employing different delivery systems.
AB  - A comparative study of the 1.06 mu and the 1.32 mu Nd:YAG laser using a variety
      of delivery systems (focusing handpiece, freehand GI quartz fiber, or frosted
      laser scalpel) was undertaken to determine the usefulness of these modalities in
      performing partial nephrectomies in dogs. Variables evaluated included total
      operative time, total joules expended, estimated amount of blood loss, and extent
      of renal tissue damage. The contact laser scalpel provided the greatest precision
      and speed, but no hemostasis, and is therefore inappropriate for parenchymal
      renal surgery. Evaluation of the other delivery systems showed no discernible
      differences in the extent of renal damage that could be attributed to either
      wavelength or wattage used. The usual depth of acute renal damage ranged from 1.0
      mm to 1.8 mm when the tissue was fixed immediately after completing the polar
      nephrectomy, but the damage had extended to 3.0 mm when tissue was examined after
      6 weeks. No consistent differences in extent of cellular damage could be
      demonstrated between the renal cortex and medulla. The lens system inherent in
      the focusing handpiece limited the total power (60 watts) that could be employed
      and surgery proceeded at a slower pace and required a greater expenditure of
      energy. Likewise, the maximal power that could be applied using the 1.32 mu laser
      was 25 watts and surgery also proceeded at a slower pace.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3393054
TI  - Laserthermia: a new computer-controlled contact Nd: YAG system for interstitial
      local hyperthermia.
AB  - Contact Nd:YAG laser surgery is assuming a greater importance in endoscopic and
      open surgery, allowing coagulation, cutting, and vaporization with greater
      precision and safety. A new contact probe allows a wider angle of irradiation and
      diffusion of low-power laser energy (less than 5 watts), using the interstitial
      technique for producing local hyperthermia. Temperature sensors that monitor
      continuously can be placed directly into the surrounding tissue or tumor. Using a
      computer program interfaced with the laser and sensors, a controlled and stable
      temperature (e.g., 42 degrees C) can be produced in a known volume of tissue over
      a prolonged period of time (e.g., 20-40 min). This new laserthermia system, using
      a single low-power Nd:YAG laser for interstitial local hyperthermia, may offer
      many new advantages in the experimental treatment and clinical management of
      carcinoma. A multiple system is now being developed.

PMID- 3393055
TI  - Effects of different contact laser scalpels on skin and subcutaneous fat.
AB  - The tissue effects of different Nd:YAG contact laser scalpels on pig skin and
      subcutaneous fat were studied using various power settings. Three different laser
      scalpels were tested: 0.2 mm nonfrosted (LR2), 0.6 mm nonfrosted (LR6), and 1.0
      mm frosted (LRP10), using 3 different power settings (8 W, 14 W, 18 W). The
      tissue effects of a steel scalpel were used as reference. Incisions on pig loin
      (40/pig) were made at randomized sites. Specimens were taken at postoperative
      days 0 and 14. The depth of tissue damage was measured using a light microscope.
      The amount of time required for making each incision was recorded. Significant
      differences between the LR2 and the LR6 were observed in the skin at 2 weeks (P
      less than .05) at all power settings used, indicating superiority of the smaller
      scalpel for use in skin incisions. The LRP10 did not cause more tissue damage
      than did the LR6 in any of the power settings used. In subcutaneous fat the
      smallest scalpel (LR2) caused significantly less tissue damage evident at 2 weeks
      postoperatively (P less than .05) than did the other two laser scalpels, whereas
      the effects of the different power settings were minor. The incision time in skin
      decreased by more than 50% when the power was increased from 8 W to 18 W for all
      laser scalpels studied.

PMID- 3393056
TI  - Robotized scanning laser handpiece for the treatment of port wine stains and
      other angiodysplasias.
AB  - Port wine stains are currently treated by the argon laser with the "point-by
      point" technique, or the "painting technique." In both cases, the quality of the
      results depends greatly on the dermatologist's experience. Furthermore, the first
      technique is slow, and the second is painful and requires anesthesia. Therefore,
      we have decided to design a robotized system with the following specifications:
      easy, fast, non-painful treatment giving a homogeneous and reproducible
      blanching. The system is made of a handpiece with the scanning mechanism and a
      control box with the microprocessor. The system is independent of the laser (no
      electrical connection) and has its own power meter. The deposit of energy was
      optimized in function of heat diffusion in the skin. Over a 12-month period, 123
      patients were treated with the robotized handpiece. The treatment modalities and
      the results conformed to the above-mentioned specifications. Hypertrophic scars
      were not reported. Therefore, we think that this system will be an interesting
      tool for the laser treatment of port wine stains and other cutaneous
      angiodysplasias.

PMID- 3393058
TI  - Pathology of laser-induced experimental aneurysms.
AB  - Aneurysms were produced in the common carotid artery of 35 rats by milliwatt CO2
      laser welding of an adventitia patch over a hole. The aneurysmal sac was formed
      by collagen; the lumen was covered by an endothelial-like lining and partially
      thrombosed. The pathology of these aneurysms is similar to spontaneously
      occurring intracranial human aneurysms. This aneurysm model has properties
      (reliability, spontaneous bleeding tendency, minimal vessel manipulation, and
      pathological features) that make it theoretically advantageous for the induction
      of experimental intracranial aneurysms in larger animals.

PMID- 3393057
TI  - Prograde versus retrograde endoscopic laser therapy for the treatment of
      malignant esophageal obstruction: a comparison of techniques.
AB  - The prograde and retrograde approaches to the treatment of malignant esophageal
      obstruction with the Nd:YAG, or neodymium: yttrium, aluminum, garnet, laser are
      compared. With the prograde technique, tumor destruction proceeds from the
      proximal to the distal tumor margin. In retrograde treatment, the endoscope is
      passed to the distal tumor margin so that the treatment can proceed in the
      reverse direction, thereby completing therapy in a single treatment session. This
      is usually accomplished by passage of a guide wire down the biopsy channel of the
      endoscope, tumor dilatation, and then passage of the endoscope over the guide
      wire to the distal tumor margin, where laser destruction is begun. Twenty
      nonrandomly selected patients with malignant esophageal obstruction were studied.
      The first ten patients were treated with the prograde technique, the next ten
      with the retrograde technique. The two groups were similar with respect to age,
      sex, and tumor histologies. Patients treated retrogradely had narrower
      pretreatment lumens (average 2.3 vs. 4.1 mm) as well as longer tumor lengths
      (average 8.9 vs. 4.8 cm). The posttreatment luminal diameters were similar for
      each group: 18.0 mm for prograde; 16.3 for retrograde. In the retrograde group,
      therapy was completed in fewer treatments (1.6 vs. 2.9) and over a shorter period
      of time (3.6 vs. 7.8 days), despite the longer tumor lengths. All patients in
      both groups were able to tolerate a regular diet at the completion of therapy.
      The complication rate was low in both groups. It is felt that the retrograde
      technique (single session therapy) is the preferred method because it allows more
      rapid treatment without increased complications and thereby shortens hospital
      stay and reduces hospital costs.

PMID- 3393059
TI  - An endogenous peptide that induces long-term blood pressure elevation.
AB  - A peptide was recently isolated from the blood of spontaneously hypertensive (SH)
      rats that stimulated an increase of calcium uptake by vascular tissue in vitro.
      In the present study normotensive rats were given nanomolar amounts of this
      peptide by intravenous or picomolar amounts by intracerebral injection and the
      effect on blood pressure was recorded. Injection of the peptide into the
      circulation had no significant effect on the elevation of blood pressure. By
      comparison, the injection of the compound into the third ventricle of the brain
      resulted in the elevation of blood pressure to hypertensive levels. The blood
      pressure response was characterized by a prolonged period of onset with maximal
      elevation observed several days after the beginning of treatment. Subsequently,
      the increase in blood pressure was well maintained with significant elevation
      noted days following the cessation of treatment.

PMID- 3393060
TI  - Relationship between urinary excretion of homovanillic acid and norepinephrine
      metabolites in normal subjects and patients with orthostatic hypotension.
AB  - Patients with neurogenic orthostatic hypotension due to multiple system atrophy
      (MSA) or pure autonomic failure (PAF) excrete lower amounts of homovanillic acid
      (HVA) than do normal subjects. There is a highly significant correlation between
      the rates of excretion of HVA and norepinephrine metabolites. The regression line
      relating excretion of the dopamine and norepinephrine metabolites suggests that
      about one third of dopamine formed in noradrenergic neurons is converted to
      norepinephrine and the remainder metabolized, mainly to HVA. About one fourth of
      urinary HVA appears to be derived from a source independent of norepinephrine;
      this source is probably brain dopaminergic neurons.

PMID- 3393061
TI  - Intragastric administration of cyclo(Leu-Gly) inhibits the development of
      tolerance to the analgesic effect of morphine in the rat.
AB  - The effect of intragastric administration of cyclo(Leu-Gly), a cyclic dipeptide
      derived from melanotropin release inhibiting factor (Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2), on the
      development of tolerance to the analgesic effect of morphine in the rat was
      determined. The tolerance to morphine in the rat was induced by subcutaneous
      implantation of four morphine pellets during a 3-day period. The rats which
      served as controls were implanted with placebo pellets. The analgesic response to
      a challenge dose of morphine was determined by the tail-flick test. The tail
      flick latencies were determined before and then every 30 min for 180 min. The
      analgesic response was computed by determining the area under the time-response
      curve. Implantation of morphine pellets resulted in the development of tolerance
      as evidenced by decreased analgesic response to morphine in morphine pellet
      implanted rats as compared to placebo pellet implanted rats. Chronic intragastric
      administration of cyclo(Leu-Gly) (4 to 16 mg/kg) inhibited the development of
      tolerance to morphine. A dose of 8 mg/kg of cyclo(Leu-Gly) completely blocked the
      tolerance to morphine. The study provides for the first time evidence that
      intragastric administration of a cyclic peptide can inhibit the development of
      tolerance to morphine, and that effective neuropeptides and their analogs can be
      developed as potential drugs to inhibit opiate-induced tolerance.

PMID- 3393062
TI  - Profile of alcoholic liver disease in an Indian hospital. A prospective analysis.
AB  - To study the profile of alcoholic liver disease in India, 144 consecutive,
      histologically diagnosed patients were prospectively studied. The patients were
      divided into those having alcoholic fatty liver (AFL) (Gr. I, n = 32), alcoholic
      hepatitis (AH) (Gr. II, n = 42) and alcoholic cirrhosis (AC) (Gr. III, n = 70) on
      the basis of their histological findings. All the patients were males, those with
      fatty liver being younger than those with cirrhosis. The amount of alcohol
      consumed by patients with AFL, AH and AC was not significantly different.
      Similarly, the duration of alcohol consumption was not significantly different
      between the three groups of patients. The clinical features of the patients were
      quite similar to those reported from the West, except that AH was relatively
      milder in our patients. Intake of poor quality country liquor was quite common
      (60%), but its use was not found to be associated with more severe liver injury
      as compared with the use of good quality foreign varieties of liquor.

PMID- 3393064
TI  - Propranolol reduces the response of serum bile acids to oral chenodeoxycholic
      acid, possibly as a reflex reaction to reduced portal blood flow in healthy and
      cirrhotic subjects.
AB  - To evaluate if a drug that affects splanchnic and portal flow reduces intestinal
      bile acid absorption, we studied the effect of propranolol (40 mg oral dose) both
      on the response of total bile acids (SBA) to oral chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA 250
      mg) and on the estimated hepatic flow by indocyanine green kinetics in 10 healthy
      and 14 cirrhotic subjects. In 18 subjects who showed a reduction in resting heart
      rate of almost -5%, propranolol significantly reduced the SBA area under the
      curve after CDCA in both healthy (mumol/l/h m +/- SD from 181.7 x 144.9 to 56.5
      +/- 36.4 p less than 0.02) and cirrhotic (from 1412.1 +/- 1044.8 to 1129.2 +/-
      978.8 p less than 0.01) subjects. Variable but not significant modifications were
      observed in estimated hepatic flow. These results suggest that the propranolol
      induced changes in SBA response to CDCA could be a reflex reaction to changes in
      splanchnic/portal flow.

PMID- 3393065
TI  - Long-term administration of toxic doses of paracetamol (acetaminophen) to rats.
AB  - The effect of dosing paracetamol, 4.25 g/kg BW, twice weekly for 18 weeks was
      assessed in female Wistar rats 24 h after the last dose. Hepatic function,
      estimated as the prothrombin index, was more depressed in rats given one
      paracetamol dose than in chronically treated rats. Cytochrome P-450 and protein
      concentrations in liver homogenate and microsomes were higher in chronically
      treated rats. Urinary excretion of paracetamol glucuronide and mercapturate was
      higher and paracetamol sulfate unchanged after the chronic treatment. Hepatic
      glutathione was identically depleted after one dose and chronic paracetamol
      treatment. Histological examination of livers from chronically treated animals
      showed varying degrees of centrilobular necrosis. We conclude that long-term
      treatment with paracetamol in toxic doses leads to partial maintenance of the
      well-known protective effect after a few toxic doses. Signs of chronic toxicity
      consisted of weight loss, progressing to death. We suggest this chronic toxicity
      to be due to methionine/cysteine deficiency since urinary excretion of sulfur
      containing paracetamol metabolites closely corresponds to calculated dietary
      intake of sulfur-containing amino acids.

PMID- 3393063
TI  - Activities of the interferon system in patients with HBsAg-positive chronic
      hepatitis B during short-term steroid withdrawal therapy.
AB  - Changes in the host interferon system during short-term steroid hormone
      (prednisolone) withdrawal therapy in seven patients with HBeAg-positive chronic
      hepatitis B were investigated by estimating the in vitro interferon-alpha
      production in peripheral blood lymphocytes and 2-5 oligoadenylate synthetase
      activity in the serum. The interferon-alpha production induced by the Sendai
      virus and estimated in lymphocyte cultures was rapidly and significantly (p less
      than 0.01) reduced by prednisolone administration and subsequently followed by a
      recovery corresponding to its withdrawal. The serum 2-5 oligoadenylate synthetase
      activity showed a similar tendency to diminish under prednisolone administration
      and to revive during its withdrawal. In all four patients who developed an acute
      and transient post-prednisolone withdrawal exacerbation a significant initial
      increase in serum HBV-DNA levels was noted in accordance with the reduction in
      the host interferon system activity. The results suggest that the changes in the
      host interferon system activity, i.e. an initial fall and subsequent recovery as
      caused by a short-term steroid administration with gradual withdrawal, appear to
      promote viral replication in the early phase and the development of acute and
      transient exacerbation of hepatitis in the post-steroid withdrawal phase, which
      may lead to HBeAg/anti-HBe seroconversion in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B
      patients.

PMID- 3393066
TI  - A quantitative evaluation of apoptotic bodies in rat liver.
AB  - The aim of the present study was to determine if data on the number and acinar
      distribution of apoptotic bodies (AB) in normal liver could help in the
      understanding of cell kinetics in the liver, and the mechanism of early ethanol
      induced liver damage. Normal male Sprague-Dawley rats were studied. They had free
      access to Purina chow and drinking water. Ethanol-treated rats received the drug
      at increasing concentration in drinking water for 5 weeks. The following
      parameters were measured: number of AB in the lobule, topographical localization,
      distance from terminal hepatic veins (THV), i.e. row of hepatocytes concerned, H1
      being the closest to the THV. The results show that AB are rare in the normal
      liver and are always observed in zone 3, next to the THV. Of 149 THV examined, 56
      showed one associated AB, exceptionally two. 74% of the AB were confined to the
      first row of hepatocytes (H1), 21% to H2, 4% to H3, and 1% to H4. In ethanol
      treated rats the mean number of AB was 2 or 3 for each THV. 42% were found in H1,
      32% in H2, 15% in H3, 7% in H4, and 4% in H5. The data show that AB are not
      randomly dispersed in normal liver but show a preferential acinar distribution.
      In addition, most AB are located in the row of liver cells immediately adjacent
      to the THV. If apoptosis is indeed an expression of physiological cell renewal,
      these findings support the concept that zone 3 contains older
      hepatocytes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3393067
TI  - Microsurgery, a rose by any other name...

PMID- 3393068
TI  - Effect of blood bonding on bursting strength of laser-assisted microvascular
      anastomoses.
AB  - This experiment evaluated the influence of blood on the weld strength of laser
      assisted microvascular anastomoses (LAMA). Rat femoral arteries were anastomosed
      end-to-end by either direct laser welding (group I) or by a blood-bonded
      technique (group II) whereby fresh blood was applied to the vessel edges before
      laser exposure. Bursting strength was measured at 0, 1, and 24 hours and at 3 and
      7 days by infusing methylene blue into the vessel while pressure was monitored.
      The results showed significantly increased bursting strength in group II compared
      with group I at 0 hour and 7 days (P less than 0.05). There was a significant
      increase in bursting strength in group I from 0 hour to 1 hour (P less than
      0.05). It is concluded that blood-bonding enhances the early bursting strength of
      LAMAs and may facilitate arterial wall healing.

PMID- 3393071
TI  - An experimental flap model for the evaluation of intraarterial effects of drugs
      on skin viability.
AB  - An experimental flap model is presented utilizing the common laboratory rat. This
      flap allows the study of intraarterial infusion of pharmacological agents and
      their effect on the skin.

PMID- 3393070
TI  - Microvascular transfers of latissimus dorsi and serratus anterior muscles in
      rats.
AB  - The thoracodorsal artery supplies the latissimus dorsi and serratus anterior in
      the rat in the same fashion as in the human. In the rat, the thoracodorsal artery
      and vein average 0.57 mm and 0.71 mm in diameter, respectively, at their origins
      and can be used as pedicles averaging 19 mm in length to the latissimus dorsi
      muscle and 27 mm to the serratus anterior muscle. We successfully transferred
      both of these muscles to groin vessels by means of end-to-end or end-to-side
      anastomoses. The serratus anterior muscle was technically easier to transfer
      because its pedicle was longer. We conclude that the serratus anterior transfer
      in the rat is a feasible animal model for microvascular muscle transfer and may
      be a useful standard model for pharmacological and biochemical studies in
      transplanted muscle.

PMID- 3393072
TI  - Comparison of skin surface fluorescence and fluorescein tissue concentration with
      the dermatofluorometer.
AB  - Recently sodium fluorescein has been used to determine viability of tissue and
      assess blood flow. No study, however, has documented the correlation of surface
      fluorescence as measured by the dermatofluorometer with the actual distribution
      of fluorescein in tissue. Abdominal skin flaps were raised on Sprague-Dawley
      rats. Following intravenous injection of sodium fluorescein, skin surface
      fluorescence was measured and compared with tissue fluorescein concentration.
      This study confirms that skin surface fluorescence correlates well with actual
      fluorescein distribution in tissue. Furthermore, the study clearly illustrates
      the statistically significant variation of surface fluorescence as a function of
      distance from the vascular pedicle.

PMID- 3393069
TI  - An interposed superficial temporal artery graft bypass for anterior cerebral
      artery ischemia.
AB  - A new microsurgical revascularization technique for anterior cerebral artery
      ischemia is reported. An arterial graft bypass interposed between the superficial
      temporal artery and the distal anterior cerebral artery was successfully
      completed in a 43-year-old male with transient ischemic attacks in the anterior
      cerebral artery territory. The contralateral superficial temporal artery was
      harvested and used as an arterial graft. Both procedures were carried out with
      one single transcoronal scalp incision. The patient's postoperative cerebral
      angiogram revealed good filling of the area distal to the stenotic lesion of the
      anterior cerebral artery through the bypass graft. The patient was discharged
      with no neurological deficit and has been free of ischemic events for more than 2
      years since the surgery. If the bilateral superficial temporal arteries are
      fairly well developed, the ipsilateral superficial temporal artery can be used as
      an arterial graft for revascularization of the anterior cerebral artery
      territory.

PMID- 3393073
TI  - Technical considerations of the latissimus dorsi muscle flap: a segmentally
      innervated muscle transfer for facial reanimation.

PMID- 3393074
TI  - Histological assessment of the effects of the distal nerve in determining
      regeneration across a nerve graft.

PMID- 3393075
TI  - A new variable-pressure microvascular clamp.

PMID- 3393076
TI  - Rat surgery board.
AB  - Our microsurgery laboratory needed a number of surgical rat boards, and
      considering the expense of the ones already on the market, we decided to make our
      own. A 14 in x 10 in board was cut from a large Plexiglas sheet. Suction cups
      with metal hooks were used to hold the rat in place. We found this board to be
      less expensive and also very versatile.

PMID- 3393077
TI  - Dialysis in the management of pregnant patients with renal insufficiency.
AB  - Successful pregnancy in patients on dialysis is uncommon because of a high rate
      of infertility and complications. The use of hemodialysis to manage pregnant
      patients needing dialysis has been well reported. However, to our knowledge, only
      2 previous cases of pregnant patients using chronic ambulatory peritoneal
      dialysis (CAPD) have been reported. We discuss 14 pregnancies in 13 women in whom
      dialysis was used in the management of their pregnancies. Ten pregnancies were
      successful. Included are 5 successful pregnancies out of 8 managed with CAPD or
      chronic cycling peritoneal dialysis (CCPD). In comparing the cases managed with
      CAPD to those managed with hemodialysis, CAPD seems to offer several advantages.
      These include a more constant biochemical and extracellular environment for the
      fetus, higher hematocrit levels, infrequent episodes of hypotension, and no
      heparin requirement. In addition, intraperitoneal insulin facilitates the
      management of blood glucose in diabetics, and intraperitoneal magnesium
      facilitates the management of premature labor. Infection, loss of intraperitoneal
      volume, and loss of peritoneal clearances for solutes and water were not found to
      be problems.

PMID- 3393078
TI  - Chronic fungal sinusitis in apparently normal hosts.
AB  - Several fungal species are capable of causing either noninvasive fungal sinusitis
      or invasive disease characterized by erosion into mucosa, submucosa, bone, and
      deeper contiguous structures. The diagnosis of invasive infection becomes firmly
      established only after histologic demonstration of hyphae within these areas.
      Computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging can assist in
      distinguishing between invasive and noninvasive disease by outlining bone and
      adjacent structures. The 2 forms of chronic fungal sinusitis mandate different
      therapeutic approaches. While patients with noninvasive infection require only
      surgical removal of hyphal masses and the reestablishment of sinus drainage for a
      successful outcome, invasive infection necessitates not only thorough surgical
      debridement of abnormal tissues but may also require prolonged antifungal
      chemotherapy. All patients require long-term follow-up. Even the combined
      approach has sometimes proven disappointing during long-term follow-up of
      disease, rendering investigational therapy appropriate in some patients.

PMID- 3393080
TI  - Short-term memory for Chinese characters and radicals.

PMID- 3393079
TI  - Rapid naming is affected by association but not by syntax.

PMID- 3393081
TI  - Stimulus suffix effects in recognition memory.

PMID- 3393082
TI  - Adding sound to lipread lists: the effects on serial recall of adding an auditory
      pulse train and a pure tone to silently lipread lists.

PMID- 3393083
TI  - Order and serial position effects in response time with multiple-item probe
      recognition.

PMID- 3393085
TI  - Some deleterious consequences of the act of recollection.

PMID- 3393084
TI  - Repetition and trace interaction: superadditivity.

PMID- 3393086
TI  - Explorations of creative visual synthesis in mental imagery.

PMID- 3393087
TI  - Natural sources of internal category structure: typicality, familiarity, and
      similarity of birds.

PMID- 3393088
TI  - Prediction and judgment as indicators of sensitivity to covariation of continuous
      variables.

PMID- 3393089
TI  - Residential treatment centers for emotionally disturbed children, United States,
      1983.

PMID- 3393090
TI  - Biomass. Part A. Cellulose and hemicellulose.

PMID- 3393091
TI  - Interstitial fluid flow in cortical bone.
AB  - After injection of ferritin into the tibial nutrient artery of adult dogs,
      ferritin was seen in the interstitial fluid compartment of the tibial cortex
      immediately and up to 25 min after injection. The pattern of movement was
      consistent with bulk interstitial fluid flow influenced by hydrostatic pressure.
      In osteons sectioned transversely, evidence was seen of centrifugal movement of
      ferritin in a halo pattern around the central capillary. Haloes in the
      superficial part of the cortex coalesced to form a ferritin front which moved
      toward the periosteal surface. Movement of ferritin was delayed by appositional
      bone of the periosteal surface. Ferritin was seen in channels in the matrix and
      perivascular spaces termed "matrix prelymphatics" and "perivascular
      prelymphatics," respectively, because they lacked an endothelial lining.

PMID- 3393092
TI  - Phalloidin enhances endothelial barrier function and reduces inflammatory
      permeability in vitro.
AB  - Phalloidin, a potent microfilament toxin, induces polymerization of actin in
      vitro and in vivo. In a permeability assay, bovine aortic endothelial cell
      cultured on microcarrier beads exclude significantly more serum albumin after 30
      min treatment with 10(-6), 10(-8), and 10(-10) M phalloidin than controls.
      Furthermore, pretreatment of microcarriers with 10(-8) M phalloidin significantly
      reduces permeability increases by histamine, bradykinin, thromboxane A2 mimetic,
      and cytochalasin B, (all at 10(-6) M). Phalloidin also causes significant surface
      area and perimeter increases in cultured endothelial cells. The cells also
      display increased acting stress fibers and show a weblike cytoskeletal pattern of
      microfilaments. These data suggest that in vitro the endothelial junctional
      barrier may be enhanced in part by assembly of actin filaments.

PMID- 3393094
TI  - Effects of gravity on regional and capillary blood flows in the human toe.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to investigate the relative effects of gravity on
      capillary and regional blood flows in human extremities. Eighteen male subjects
      20 to 40 years of age consented to have capillary blood cell velocity (CBV)
      measured in nailfold vessels of the large toe via video densitometry, and to have
      total blood flow (TBF) to the toe measured via plethysmography. These
      measurements were made first with the foot at heart level (HL), then after the
      foot had been lowered an average of 56 cm below the heart (BH). In the HL
      position CBV and TBF averaged respectively 0.26 mm/sec and 2.0 ml/min/100 ml.
      Lowering the foot elicited a decrease in CBV in all vessels studied (P less than
      or equal to 0.001). Average CBV in the BH position was 0.11 mm/sec. By contrast
      TBF on the average increased to 2.9 ml/min/100 ml in the BH position (P less than
      or equal to 0.05). However, this was not a consistent finding since both
      increases and decreases in TBF were observed among the individual subjects. These
      results indicate that the immediate precapillary vessels in the cutaneous
      circulation of the toe will consistently vasoconstrict when the foot is placed in
      a dependent position. However, the net effect on vessels governing regional flow
      in this area, e.g., A-V shunts, appears to result from a competition between
      dilator and constrictor influences. The overall result of these adjustments is
      that during orthostasis blood is shifted away from the superficial capillaries of
      the lower extremities. The relevance of this to blood-tissue fluid balance is
      discussed.

PMID- 3393093
TI  - Metabolic characterization of isolated cerebral microvessels: ATP and ADP
      concentrations.
AB  - Isolated cerebral microvessels (ICMV) have been increasingly used to study
      microvascular metabolism and function. Despite this, little systematic
      information exists about their metabolic viability and energy status. To evaluate
      this, we determined the ATP content and ATP/ADP ratios of ICMV with an
      ultrasensitive bioluminometric assay which had been adapted for small samples. In
      calf cerebral microvessels, freshly isolated by a homogenization and sieving
      procedure, ATP content averaged 1.5 +/- 0.8 nmole/mg protein (mean +/- SE for 45
      observations on 18 preparations.) The ATP/ADP ratio for these vessels was 0.96 +/
      0.4. Similar values for ATP were obtained in several preparations of ICMV from
      dog and rat brain. Values varied considerably in different preparations, probably
      due to variable degrees of damage incurred during isolation. When microvessel ATP
      concentrations and ATP/ADP ratios were low, they were dramatically improved by
      brief incubation (2 hr at 37 degrees) in an enriched tissue culture medium
      (Dulbecco's modification of Eagle's minimal essential medium, DMEM), or perhaps
      somewhat less effectively in a buffered saline solution (Earle's-Hepes)
      containing glucose. Boiling or incubation of microvessels with Triton X-100
      lowered ATP values to less than 0.01 nmole/mg protein. The ATP content of our
      preparations of isolated microvessels was considerably higher than values
      previously reported by others using similar methods, but still less than that of
      cultured bovine vascular endothelial cells, even after correction for a 20%
      difference in intracellular water space.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3393096
TI  - Biological activities of lipid A from Vibrio parahaemolyticus: stimulation of
      murine peritoneal macrophages.
AB  - The toxicity and macrophage stimulating property of Vibrio parahaemolyticus lipid
      A was studied. The LD50 dose of lipid A in galactosamine-sensitized mice was
      found to be 0.6 micrograms when injected intraperitoneally. Administration of
      lipid A resulted in stimulation of peritoneal macrophages as evident by increase
      in their cellular RNA contents and lysosomal enzyme activities. The treatment
      also caused enhancement in the phagocytic activity of macrophages.

PMID- 3393097
TI  - Tolerance induction of alloreactivity by portal venous inoculation with
      allogeneic cells followed by the injection of cyclophosphamide. II. Cellular and
      molecular mechanisms underlying tolerance.
AB  - BALB/c mice receiving allogeneic C3H/He or C57BL/6 spleen cells via portal venous
      (p.v.) route or a single administration of cyclophosphamide (Cy) were capable of
      rejecting the respective allogeneic C3H/He- or C57BL/6-derived tumor cells. In
      contrast, the combined treatment of p.v. inoculation with allogeneic lymphocytes
      and Cy administration abrogated the capability of rejecting allogeneic tumor
      cells. Such abrogation of alloreactivity was alloantigen-specific and associated
      with the suppression of potentials to generate delayed-type hypersensitivity
      (DTH) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses to alloantigens. This was
      further substantiated by the inhibition of molecular mechanisms underlying anti
      allo-DTH and -CTL responses. Thus, the above combined treatment led to the
      decreased production of lymphokines such as macrophage-activating factor (MAF)
      and interleukin 2 (IL2) following the stimulation with the relevant alloantigens.
      These results demonstrate that p.v. inoculation of allogeneic cells followed by a
      single administration of Cy results in the effective elimination of
      alloreactivity as verified by the suppression of cellular and molecular
      mechanisms of alloreactive responses.

PMID- 3393095
TI  - Assessment and impact of heterogeneities of convective oxygen transport
      parameters in capillaries of striated muscle: experimental and theoretical.
AB  - Convective oxygen transport parameters were determined in arteriolar (n = 5) and
      venular (n = 5) capillary networks in the hamster cheek pouch retractor muscle.
      Simultaneously determined values of red blood cell velocity, lineal density, red
      blood cell frequency, hemoglobin oxygen saturation (SO2), oxygen flow (QO2),
      longitudinal SO2 gradient, and diameter were obtained in a total of 73
      capillaries, 39 at the arteriolar ends of the network (arteriolar capillaries)
      and 34 at the venular ends (venular capillaries). We found that the hemodynamic
      variables were not different at the two ends. However, not unexpectedly, SO2 and
      QO2 were significantly higher at the upstream end of arteriolar capillaries (60.8
      +/- 9.8 (SD)% and 0.150 +/- 0.081 pl/sec, respectively) compared with the
      downstream end of venular capillaries (39.9 +/- 13.6% and 0.108 +/- 0.095 pl/sec,
      respectively). Heterogeneities in red blood cell velocity, lineal density, SO2,
      and QO2, assessed by their coefficients of variation, were significantly greater
      in venular capillaries. To evaluate the impact of these heterogeneities on oxygen
      exchange, we incorporated these unique experimental data into a mathematical
      model of oxygen transport which accounts for variability in red blood cell
      frequency, lineal density, inlet SO2, capillary diameter, and, to some degree,
      capillary flow path lengths. An unexpected result of the simulation is that only
      the incorporation of variability in capillary flow path lengths had any marked
      effect on the heterogeneity in end-capillary SO2 in resting muscle due to
      extensive diffusional shunting of oxygen among adjacent capillaries. We
      subsequently evaluated, through model simulations, the effect of these
      heterogeneities under conditions of increased flow and high oxygen consumption.
      Under these conditions, the model predicts that heterogeneities in the
      hemodynamic parameters will have a marked effect on oxygen transport in this
      muscle.

PMID- 3393098
TI  - Purification and antigenic analysis of flagella of Campylobacter jejuni.
AB  - The flagella of Campylobacter jejuni strain FUM158432 were purified and a
      flagellin preparation consisting of only a single peptide of 63,000 daltons was
      obtained. The peptide of 92,000 daltons usually associated with a flagellar
      preparation was shown to be a peptide derived from the hook region. Antiserum was
      prepared by immunizing a rabbit with the flagellin preparation. The reaction of
      the antiserum was found to be highly specific for the flagellar filament by
      immunoelectron microscopy and for flagellin peptide by the immunoblotting method.
      Seventeen of 23 clinically isolated strains of C. jejuni reacted with this
      antiserum but the other six strains did not, indicating the existence of
      antigenic variation of the flagella of C. jejuni. The flagella of a few strains
      of C. coli also reacted with this antiserum.

PMID- 3393099
TI  - Enhanced neutralization of flavivirus by monoclonal antibodies against Negishi
      virus.
AB  - Ten monoclonal antibodies against Negishi virus were classified into 3 groups and
      7 types according to the reaction patterns to Negishi virus by the
      hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test and by several kinds of neutralization
      tests. When kinetic neutralization was applied to these monoclonal antibodies at
      the same HI titer of 1:64, the initial slope and the persistent fraction of the
      kinetic curve was varied in each antibody. In the double-kinetic neutralization
      test, neutralization did not proceed further when the second antibody was the
      same type as the first one. When the second antibody was a different type from
      that of the first one, neutralization proceeded further. The mixtures of 4
      monoclonal antibodies classified as different groups and types remarkably
      enhanced neutralization in the kinetic assay. These results suggested that an
      assortment of antibodies is needed for effective neutralization of Negishi virus
      and that a multi-hit model is likely operating in the neutralization of Negishi
      virus.

PMID- 3393100
TI  - Cytopathic effect of heat-labile toxin of Bordetella parapertussis on aortic
      smooth muscle cells from pigs or guinea pigs.
AB  - The in vitro effect of the heat-labile toxin (HLT) of Bordetella parapertussis on
      HeLa, baby hamster kidney (BHK), chinese hamster ovary (CHO), myeloma (Pa-NS-1),
      human embryonic lung (HEL-R66) cells, erythrocytes, adipocytes and lymphocytes
      from guinea pigs, mice or rats, or aortic smooth muscle cells from pigs or guinea
      pigs was examined. Within 8, 6, 4, 2, and 2 hr after the exposure to 1, 3, 10,
      30, and 100 MNDs/ml of HLT, respectively, the cultured smooth muscle cells only
      showed a cytopathic change. When the cells exposed to HLT were washed out within
      60 min post-exposure, the change could be induced with an extend period of lag.
      Histamine, KCl or norepinephrine caused similar change in the cells, but the
      period of lag was within 30 min. The HLT activity was neutralized by an anti-B.
      parapertussis- or B. bronchiseptica-HLT guinea pig IgG. HLT had no effects on any
      other cells tested.

PMID- 3393101
TI  - Papanicolaou smear-tests: every three years is enough.

PMID- 3393102
TI  - Staging in ovarian cancer.

PMID- 3393103
TI  - Keratoconjunctivitis sicca.

PMID- 3393105
TI  - Ultralight aircraft and gyrocopter fatalities in South Australia.

PMID- 3393104
TI  - Infectious-mononucleosis arthritis is not rare.

PMID- 3393106
TI  - The plight and flight of medical academe.

PMID- 3393107
TI  - High public costs of in-vitro fertilization programmes.

PMID- 3393109
TI  - Continuing problems in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.

PMID- 3393108
TI  - Computers and clinicians: the coming challenge.

PMID- 3393110
TI  - The assessment of magnetic resonance imaging in Australian medical practice.

PMID- 3393111
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging evaluation: preliminary utilization and application
      report. Magnetic Resonance Imaging Technical Committee, National Health Technical
      Committee, National Health Technology Advisory Panel.
AB  - Preliminary results from 2723 examinations to June 30, 1987, at the first two
      installations that are participating in a broadly-based prospective trial of the
      utilization and diagnostic value of magnetic resonance imaging are presented.
      Compliance by the investigators with the trial protocol was excellent. The head
      (60% of cases) and spine (31% of cases) were the most common regions that were
      examined, and such examinations were completed mostly in one hour. Active, mobile
      outpatients were predominant among those who were examined. Further reports will
      be directed to particular disease groups, cost studies and patient outcomes.

PMID- 3393112
TI  - Survey of disability that is associated with Parkinson's disease.
AB  - Parkinson's disease is a relatively-common and disabling neurological condition.
      The aim of this study was to gather clinical and sociodemographic data on a
      sample of patients with Parkinson's disease in Tasmania, and to determine the
      impact of the disease on the patients. Sixty patients were studied. The median
      age of the sample was 71 years, and the median duration of Parkinson's disease
      was six years. About two-thirds of the patients experienced difficulty with
      simple everyday activities, such as dressing and getting out of a chair.
      Disability was related significantly to the duration of the disease. The number
      of antiparkinsonian drugs that were prescribed increased in proportion with the
      duration of the disease and the disability of the patient. Parkinson's disease
      was responsible apparently for 40% of the patients retiring from employment
      early; 32% of patients who had been drivers had lost their driver's licence
      because of the disease. Although the condition affects motor function
      progressively, few patients received physiotherapy as part of their management.

PMID- 3393114
TI  - Neuromuscular symptoms in elderly patients with hyperparathyroidism: improvement
      with parathyroid surgery.
AB  - In a consecutive series of 100 neck explorations for primary hyperparathyroidism,
      42 patients were 60 years of age or older; in this group of elderly patients the
      surgical cure rate was 100%. These patients were reviewed retrospectively by
      means of a structure interview. Twenty-one patients had had preoperative
      neuromuscular symptoms that ranged from coma to subjective muscular weakness.
      These patients had significantly-higher preoperative serum calcium and
      parathyroid hormone levels than did 21 patients without neuromuscular symptoms (P
      = 0.003 and P = 0.046, respectively). Most of the neuromuscular symptoms improved
      in the postoperative period. In particular, 15 of 17 patients with muscle
      weakness reported a significant improvement, while 14 of 15 patients who suffered
      from fatigue and lethargy reported an improvement. An improvement also occurred
      in the level of day-to-day function in eight patients. While surgery for primary
      hyperparathyroidism generally is undertaken for a specific indication, such as
      severe hypercalcaemia or renal stones, it appears from this study that
      neuromuscular symptoms also may improve, particularly in elderly patients.

PMID- 3393113
TI  - The Hollywood surgical-audit programme: a computer-based discharge and data
      collection system for surgical audit.
AB  - This article describes the development of a computer-based system for the
      prospective collection of data for surgical audit and peer review with the
      generation of a surgical discharge letter. The software has been developed for an
      IBM personal computer and is suitable for any compatible computer. The system has
      potential advantages for teaching hospitals as it enables patients to obtain a
      definitive discharge letter on their discharge from hospital. It is also of
      potential benefit to surgeons who wish to collect clinical data and to audit the
      quality of their surgical practice.

PMID- 3393115
TI  - Future directions of cardiovascular research.

PMID- 3393116
TI  - Avoiding throwing the baby out with the bath-water.

PMID- 3393117
TI  - Treatment of xerostomia.

PMID- 3393119
TI  - Polymicrobial bacteremia.
AB  - Of 585 bacteremic episodes studied prospectively at Rokach Hospital during a 4
      year period (1980-1983), 70 (12%) episodes observed in 67 patients were due to
      multiple species. A total of 170 strains of microorganisms were involved, 2-5 per
      bacteremic episode: 130 (76%) were aerobic Gram-negative bacilli, 36 (21%) were
      Gram-positive cocci (most of them streptococci) and 4 isolates (2%) were Candida.
      The most common sources of infection were the urinary tract (31 episodes), intra
      abdominal foci (22 episodes, half of them from biliary tract), and skin or soft
      tissue infection (14 episodes). At least one organism was also recovered from a
      local focus of infection in more than 50% of cases. Many patients had severe
      underlying diseases in addition to old age. People with biliary infection had,
      however, a relatively lower frequency of underlying disease. Fifty-six percent of
      the episodes were hospital-acquired, primarily those related to urinary infection
      with indwelling catheters, intra-abdominal abscess and infected burns. Twenty
      eight patients (42%) died as a result of the bacteremia. Polymicrobial bacteremia
      was found to be quite common in the population studied, and the urinary tract was
      the most important portal of entry, especially in the older patients.

PMID- 3393118
TI  - Stimulation of human monocyte chemiluminescence by staphylococcal lipoteichoic
      acid.
AB  - Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) from Staphylococcus saprophyticus strains S1 and S35 was
      shown to be a potent stimulator of human monocyte chemiluminescence, whereas
      human granulocytes were not activated. Data on the chemical analysis of these LTA
      preparations were given.

PMID- 3393120
TI  - Diagnostic endoscopy of the nose.
AB  - The purpose of this presentation is to describe a diagnostic technique of
      examining the nasal cavity with nasal endoscopes. This technique is used for the
      identification and evaluation of structural abnormalities and chronic
      inflammatory changes which may be medically treated or surgically repaired. The
      rigid endoscopes with angled lenses allow elevation of the middle turbinate and
      direct inspection of the middle meatus and ostiomeatal complex. Passage of the
      endoscope medial to the middle turbinate allows inspection of the sphenoid recess
      and nasopharynx. Maxillary sinusoscopy can be performed through a trochar placed
      sublabially through the anterior face of the maxilla. It is a valuable technique
      for evaluation and biopsy of maxillary sinus lesions. Endoscopic ethmoidectomy
      combined with maxillary sinusoscopy have largely replaced Caldwell-Luc procedures
      at our institution. An invaluable asset in the evaluation of the sinuses is the
      coronal CT scan. This scan, in contrast to axial scans, is done in the same
      orientation as the endoscopic examination. It not only demonstrates pathology
      within the sinuses, which cannot be directly examined, but also confirms the
      endoscopic observations of the shape and condition of the ostiomeatal complex.

PMID- 3393121
TI  - Clinical impedance audiometry.
AB  - This manuscript has attempted to briefly outline the most important areas of
      clinical impedance audiometry. The author has emphasized the use of impedance
      audiometry in differentiating different types of middle ear pathology and
      utilizing the stapedial reflex in the determination of malingering as well as an
      overall test of the normal function of the auditory nervous system from the inner
      ear to brain stem. Finally, the use of Eustachian tube function can also be
      utilized by the trained audiologist in determining whether or not there is
      Eustachian tube dysfunction. It is important to again emphasize that impedance
      audiometry is objective and does not involve the cooperation of the patient. Thus
      in the autistic child and in the child who is uncooperative, it is of particular
      help to the clinical otologist and audiologist. In patients who are malingering
      the stapedial reflex may assist in determining a valid response in routine
      autiometry. Finally, with special types of tests which have not been discussed in
      this manuscript, such as stapedial reflex decay, one may be able to determine the
      presence of an early acoustic neurinoma.

PMID- 3393122
TI  - Oral challenges to detect aspirin and sulfite sensitivity in asthma.
AB  - Oral challenge with aspirin, or potential cross-reacting substances, is an
      effective method for establishing the presence of these sensitivities in
      asthmatic subjects. However, in patients with concomitant active irritable
      airways, testing is inaccurate and potentially dangerous. Strategies for dealing
      with these problems and other details important in conducting oral challenges are
      outlined. Sulfite challenges are conducted in a different manner and there has
      not been cross-sensitivity established between sulfite sensitive and aspirin
      sensitive asthmatics. However, many of the same problems created by heightened
      airway activity interfere with the accuracy of sulfite challenges. A special
      obstacle in interpreting the results of sulfite challenges is the issue of
      specificity. Oral challenges with solutions of sulfite improve sensitivity of the
      challenge procedure. But only low dose sulfite solutions (50 mg/ml or less) and
      capsules of sulfite salts are specific provoking substances for sulfite
      sensitivity.

PMID- 3393123
TI  - The diagnosis of potentially fatal asthma.
AB  - The concept of life-threatening asthma is not new. Reviews of fatal asthma often
      describe retrospectively identified factors that were associated with or
      contributed to the patient's demise. We report 55 patients considered to have the
      diagnosis of potentially fatal asthma who were managed for 4.8 +/- 4.3 years per
      patient. The diagnostic criteria of potentially fatal asthma included at least
      one of the following four potentially fatal asthma events: 1) mechanical
      ventilation for respiratory arrest or failure, 2) acute respiratory acidosis that
      did not necessitate mechanical ventilation, 3) two episodes of acute
      pneumomediastinum or pneumothorax associated with status asthmaticus, 4) two or
      more hospitalizations for status asthmaticus in spite of long term oral
      corticosteroids. The mean age of patients with potentially fatal asthma was 39.6
      +/- 19.1 (range 8.5-79.5 years). During 262 patient-years of management, one 79
      year old demented patient died from disseminated cryptococcal infection. Two
      patients died from asthma after leaving our service, one patient having left the
      hospital against medical advice with arterial blood gases demonstrating acute
      respiratory acidosis during status asthmaticus. Fifty-two patients are alive and
      ambulatory. Long-term corticosteroids have been essential in 43 of 45 patients in
      this series currently managed by full-time faculty of the Northwestern University
      Allergy Service. Complicating psychosocial factors of some patients with
      potentially fatal asthma include schizophrenia, bipolar disorders, denial of
      disease, adolescent non-compliance, and parental interference with essential
      medications for children. We believe that the diagnosis of potentially fatal
      asthma should be made following occurrence of major asthma events that place the
      patient at high risk for a death from asthma.

PMID- 3393124
TI  - Prevalence of adverse effects in corticosteroid dependent asthmatics.
AB  - Eighty-five corticosteroid dependent patients with respiratory diseases requiring
      alternate day prednisone were studied for certain adverse effects that have been
      reported to be associated with corticosteroid therapy. The mean age of the
      patients was 52 years, the average years of prednisone therapy was 5.3, and the
      mean dose of alternate day prednisone was 26.2 mg. In this group of 85 patients
      the prevalence of hypertension, peptic ulcer disease, pathologic fractures and
      psychosis was not statistically increased over that of the general population.
      None of the patients was diagnosed as having steroid-induced psychosis,
      pancreatitis or tuberculosis. One patient developed aseptic necrosis of the hip;
      however, she received daily prednisone for approximately 3.2 years before being
      converted to an alternate day schedule. Our results demonstrate that alternate
      day corticosteroid therapy can be used without significant risk of adverse
      effects in patients in whom it is essential for control of respiratory disease.

PMID- 3393125
TI  - [Current topics in anesthesiology: impression at the 34th Congress of the
      Japanese Society of Anesthesiology].

PMID- 3393126
TI  - [Effects of duodenogastric bile reflux on gastric mucosal hexosamine
      concentrations after selective proximal vagotomy or extended distal gastrectomy
      for duodenal ulcer].
AB  - Effects of duodenogastric reflux (DGR) of bile on hexosamine concentrations in
      gastric mucosa were studied in 17 healthy controls and 133 patients with duodenal
      ulcer patients before and after surgery. Total bile acid concentration in gastric
      juice was measured using enzyme method to estimate DGR. Mucosal hexosamine
      concentration of the biopsy specimens taken from the gastric corpus and antrum
      was measured according to Boas's method. The operative procedures included
      selective proximal vagotomy (SPV) with or without pyloroplasty, and extended
      distal gastrectomy with Billroth I(BI) or II(BII) anastomosis. The rate of DGR
      were significantly higher in cases after gastrectomy, especially in BII cases
      than in cases after SPV. In the early postoperative period after SPV with or
      without pyloroplasty, DGR was increased significantly. However, the reflux rate
      was decreased gradually to the preoperative level thereafter, suggesting that
      normal function of gastric emptying might be recovered with time. The hexosamine
      concentration of the antral mucosa showed clearly an inverse relationship to the
      changes in DGR rate. These results suggested that SPV could be the more
      physiological procedure than gastrectomy from the point of DGR.

PMID- 3393127
TI  - [Clinicopathological studies of advanced rectal cancers--prediction of the degree
      of lymph node metastasis from histopathological finding of pre-operative biopsy
      specimens].
AB  - If we can predict pre-operatively the degree of lymph node metastasis, we can do
      a minimum radical operation and avoid the disturbance of urinary or sexual
      function. To predict the degree of lymph node metastasis we studied lymph vessel
      invasion (ly), microgland cancer nests and undifferentiated cancer cells
      (budding) in the pre-operative biopsy specimens and resected materials. Results
      are as follows; 1. The rate of ly in in biopsy specimens was low (13%), but when
      ly was present, the rate of lymph node metastasis was very high (100%). 2. The
      rate of budding in biopsy specimens was quite high (46%), and when budding was
      present, the rate of lymph node metastasis was quite high (79%). 3. Studies of
      serial continuous sections at 3 micron intervals showed that budding was closely
      related to ly. 4. Our study of resected specimens of rectal cancers revealed that
      the best position for the biopsy was in the margin of cancer tissue of the anal
      side including submucosa.

PMID- 3393128
TI  - [Changes of gluconeogenesis and alanine metabolism following partial hepatectomy
      in normal and cirrhotic rats].
AB  - Gluconeogenesis and alanine metabolism of normal and cirrhotic rats were studied
      in view of partial hepatectomy. Liver cirrhosis was made by repeated injection of
      thioacetamide in rat. Partial hepatectomy was performed by modified method of
      Higgins-Anderson. Liver glycogen and fructose-2, 6-bisphosphate were decreased
      after hepatectomy and recovered within 7 days in normal groups, while those of
      cirrhotic group reduced even in preoperative state were further decreased and
      hardly recovered after hepatectomy. Gluconeogenesis of perfused liver in
      cirrhosis was increased from both lactate and alanine preoperatively, but
      gluconeogenesis from alanine was not increased in both hepatectomized rats. ATP
      and energy charge were decreased after hepatectomy and recovered within two
      weeks. These level were lower in cirrhotic group, and decreased further and
      hardly recovered after hepatectomy. Alanine utilization to CO2 in vivo was not
      impaired in cirrhotic group either preoperatively or postoperatively. ATP and
      energy charge were increased by alanine injection in hepatectomized rats of both
      normal and cirrhotic group. In conclusion, glucose-insulin therapy of sufficient
      amounts is important to improve decreased glycolysis and abnormal gluconeogenesis
      on both post-hepatectomy period of normal and pre and post-hepatectomy period of
      cirrhosis. Also alanine is effective for stimulating decreased energy production.

PMID- 3393129
TI  - [Changes in the levels of lipid peroxides in regenerating rat liver and the
      effect of pretreatment with CoQ10].
AB  - The present study was undertaken to determine whether CoQ10 pretreatment could
      modify cellular free radical metabolism in regenerating rat liver and enhance
      hepatic DNA synthesis. Male Wistar rats (250-300 g) were used. Partial 70%
      hepatectomy was performed according to Higgins and Anderson. CoQ10 (6 mg/kg body
      weight) and its solvent as a placebo were injected intravenously 1 hour before
      operation. Twenty-four hours or 48 hours after 70% hepatectomy resulted in 55% or
      50% decreases of hepatic ATP, and marked decreases of endogenous CoQ homologs
      (CoQ9 and CoQ10), alpha-tocopherol and reduced glutathione (GSH) in remnant liver
      and was accompanied by 2.5-fold increases in lipid peroxides. However, in CoQ10
      treated animals synthesis of ATP was accelerated after 48 hours after partial
      hepatectomy. There were no changes in the levels of CoQ9, alpha-tocopherol, or
      GSH or in the level of the enhanced CoQ10 in regenerating liver. The pretreatment
      also completely suppressed the elevation of lipid peroxide. Moreover, CoQ10
      administration markedly increased hepatic DNA synthesis at 48 hours after partial
      hepatectomy. These results indicate that cellular damage during hepatic
      regeneration is in part due to lipid peroxidation, and suggest that CoQ10 is
      effective in the pretreatment of liver resection.

PMID- 3393131
TI  - [Analysis of nuclear DNA histograms in thymomas].
AB  - The nuclear DNA content of normal thymuses and thymomas were measured by
      microphotometry. The DNA histograms were analyzed for 1) peak values, 2) cell
      with DNA contents of 4C or more (tetraploidy), and 3) average histograms. The DNA
      histograms of normal thymuses had peak values around 2C. However, the peak value
      on thymomal histograms moved to the 4C region (tetraploidy). Advances in stages
      were followed by an increase in the number of cells with high DNA contents. The
      number of cells with DNA contents of 8C or more (octaploidy) were significant
      only in stage III. Thymomal histograms were different from those of normal
      thymuses. The DNA histograms of thymomas changed with advances in stage, which
      may indicate that the epithelial cells of thymomas become neoplastic.

PMID- 3393130
TI  - [Long-term maintenance of human gall-bladder epithelia as xenografts following
      explant organ culture].
AB  - The purpose of present study is to establish a method that should enable us to
      keep a human gall-bladder epithelial tissue alive for a period long enough to
      observe morphological change after an exposure to a certain carcinogenic agents.
      Human gall-bladder epithelia obtained from surgically resected specimen were kept
      as an explant organ culture in vitro for the first 2 weeks. They were, then,
      xenotransplanted to the subcutaneous (S.C.) space of the athymic nude mice. The
      gall-bladder tissues obtained from 7 cases of cholecystolithiasis and 1 case of
      cholecysto-choledocholithiasis were used as materials in the present study. And
      the longest survivor among them in the nude mice was extensively studied in the
      present paper. After an interval of 4 to 27 weeks, the xenografts were recovered
      from the recipient mice and studied by light microscopy and histochemistry. The
      morphological changes of the explant epithelia during the organ culture were also
      studied. Parts of the explants were implanted in 6 nude mice. Each of the mice
      received 3 pieces of explants on the s.c. space in both of their flanks. All
      xenografts showed subcutaneous cyst formation. The cyst obtained 4 weeks after
      the implantation was consisted of a monolayer of cuboidal epithelial cells and
      those recovered from the recipient mice 24 and 27 weeks after the implantation
      were consisted of well growing columnar and cuboidal epithelial cells. In
      addition, sinus-like structures were observed beneath the cystic epithelia. The
      viability of the cells was excellent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3393132
TI  - [Management of hemoperitoneum due to rupture of visceral branches of the aorta
      with a cylinder-type balloon catheter].
AB  - We have designed a cylinder-type balloon catheter and devised a new procedure for
      the management of the aneurysm in a condition difficult for treatment. This
      balloon catheter consists of a balloon located at the tip of a catheter. The
      balloon has a central lumen for maintaining the distal aortic bloodflow and can
      be inflated at various intended sites. The catheter with a deflated balloon was
      inserted into the abdominal aorta upward through a vascular graft sutured at the
      side of the aorta. In the case of a ruptured visceral artery, e.g., celiac axis
      or superior mesenteric artery, controlling of hemorrhage is very difficult
      because the ruptured lesion is surrounded by an intricate anatomical structure
      and therefore it is necessary to do the highly invasive procedure of aortic cross
      clamping. Therefore we attempted this time to use the device in the management of
      this disease. In experimental investigation in dogs, this balloon selectively
      blocked the blood flow to the visceral branches successfully while maintaining
      the distal aortic flow. With this method, the various hemostatic procedures can
      be performed satisfactorily without concern for complications, namely renal
      failure provided that hemorrhage is easy to control in a short time without the
      aortic clamp. As mentioned above, this instrument will be useful for the
      management of rupture of the visceral artery and so reduce its mortality rate.

PMID- 3393133
TI  - [Carotid endarterectomies for cerebral ischemia: a follow up study of surgical
      results and late neurologic complications].
AB  - Twenty five carotid endarterectomies were performed in 24 patients with cerebral
      ischemia due to atherosclerosis. Four of these patients were asymptomatic, 7
      suffered from hemispheric TIA (hemispheric attack group), 7 suffered from
      nonhemispheric TIA (nonhemispheric attack group) and other 6 had previous
      completed stroke (completed stroke group). The average length of follow-up study
      was two and half years with a range of 2 months to 6 years. Completed strokes
      occurred in 1 patient following the operation and in 3 patients during the follow
      up period (16.7%). Two patients were reoperated upon because of recurrent carotid
      stenosis (8.3%). Four patients continued to have neurologic symptoms
      postoperatively. Ultimately 10 of 24 patients had some neurologic complications
      even following carotid endarterectomies (41.7%). The first postoperative year was
      the worst period because almost all late neurologic complications occurred in
      that time. Kaplan-Meier's analysis demonstrated a relatively favorable result in
      the hemispheric attack group among these 3 groups. The completed stroke group was
      followed by that and the nonhemispheric attack group was proved to be the worst,
      although there was no statistical significance.

PMID- 3393135
TI  - [Usefulness of sequential bypass technique in arterial reconstruction].
AB  - Although sequential bypass grafting has been recommended for surgical treatment
      of lower limb ischemia in patients with complex multisegmental arterial
      occlusion, hemodynamic evaluation of the sequential bypass procedure remains to
      be resolved. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the sequential bypass
      operation to assess its usefulness from the standpoint of hemodynamics. A model
      was made simulating a sequential bypass in the mongrel dogs, and blood flow
      through the sequential bypass graft much more increased than through the standard
      one, measured by an electromagnetic flowmeter. By flow visualization in a glass
      tube model, type of flow separation and stagnation region in case of a side-to
      side anastomosis was similar to those in case of an end-to-side one. The
      stagnation area at the anastomotic site was widened when the vascular resistance
      increased in the ramified vessel which corresponded to the host distal artery. It
      was considered reasonable to blockade the retrograde blood flow through the
      anastomotic site by ligating the host artery proximal to the anastomotic point
      when the retrograde blood perfusion was unnecessary. Clinical results of 21 cases
      with the sequential bypass grafting were presented and the usefulness of the
      technique was discussed from a hemodynamic viewpoint.

PMID- 3393134
TI  - [Surgical reconstruction for subclavian arterial obstruction at its origin].
AB  - The authors, having experienced 17 cases of subclavian arterial obstruction at
      its origin in Montpellier, France and in Japan, performed direct anastomosis
      between the divided end of the proximal subclavian artery and the ipsilateral
      common carotid artery (transposition technique) in 12 cases. Our series of 17
      patients ranging in age from 30 to 73 years who were evaluated for variety of
      symptoms: 8 had subclavian steal syndrome; 12 had claudication of upper
      extremity; 1 had visual disturbance; 3 had vertigo; and 1 had ear throbbing.
      Twelve patients were treated surgically with division of the proximal subclavian
      artery and its anastomosis to the common carotid artery by means of
      supraclavicular cervicotomy. One was treated with carotid subclavian bypass
      grafting, and 4 were placed aorto-carotid-subclavian bypass grafting with median
      sternotomy because of the proximal occlusive lesions at the origins of common
      carotid and subclavian artery due to aortitis syndrome. All the patients were
      relieved from the symptoms which had been existed in pre-operative stage. The
      transposition technique is simple, effective and few complications.

PMID- 3393136
TI  - [Development of a small caliber vascular graft using a connective tissue tube
      with temporary antithrombogenicity].
AB  - A connective tissue tube containing collagen fibrils and capillary blood vessels
      is an ideal material for artificial artery, since the collagen fibrils compose an
      excellent supporting framework for cell migration and proliferation and the
      endothelial cells of the capillary can be the origin of the endothelialization of
      the graft. However, its thrombogenicity has remained a problem. This experiment
      was designed to develop a small caliber (3mm) vascular graft using an autogenous
      connective tissue provided with temporary antithrombogenicity. A tube knitted of
      ultra-fine polyesters was implanted subcutaneously in the back of mongrel dogs
      for three weeks. Thus accomplished connective tissue grafts were heparinized
      ionically in vitro, using cross-link agents. Then the treated grafts, 5-6 cm in
      length and 3mm in diameter, were segmentally replaced with bilateral carotid
      arteries. During the follow-up period up to 55 days, 7 of 8 grafts (88%) were
      patent. Histological examinations revealed that there was no thrombus and the
      neointima formation with a lining of endotherial cells was completed, extending
      overall length of the grafts. Thus, newly devised hybrid type of connective
      tissue graft is thought to be usefull for a replacement for arteries with a small
      caliber.

PMID- 3393137
TI  - [Experimental study on free jejunal transplant for esophageal reconstruction].

PMID- 3393138
TI  - [Monitoring of F waves and polysynaptic responses (F-P complex) for spinal cord
      ischemia in aortic surgery--an experimental study].

PMID- 3393139
TI  - Synthesis and nephrotoxicity of 6-bromo-2,5-dihydroxy-thiophenol.
AB  - The formation of potentially reactive thiols has been postulated to play a role
      in the nephrotoxicity caused by a number of glutathione and/or cysteine
      conjugates. However, the inherent reactivity of such compounds has precluded both
      their identification in biological systems and a determination of their actual
      toxicity. To this end we have synthesized 6-bromo-2,5-dihydroxy-thiophenol as a
      putative metabolite of nephrotoxic 2-bromohydroquinone-glutathione conjugates.
      The compound was prepared by the addition of sodium thiosulfate to 2-bromo-1,4
      benzoquinone followed by reduction of the S-arylthiosulfate to the thiophenol.
      2,5-Dihydroxy-thiophenol was similarly prepared. Structural identification was
      confirmed by mass spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
      Administration of 6-bromo-2,5-dihydroxy-thiophenol to rats (0.35 mmol/kg;
      intraperitoneally) caused an increase in blood urea nitrogen and histological
      alterations similar to those observed after 2-bromo-(diglutathion-S
      yl)hydroquinone administration. 2,5-Dihydroxy-thiophenol was also nephrotoxic but
      at a dose of 0.6 mmol/kg. In contrast, no effects on liver pathology were
      observed after administration of either 6-bromo-2,5-dihydroxy-thiophenol or 2,5
      dihydroxy-thiophenol and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase levels were
      normal. Neither 2-, 3-, nor 4-bromothiophenol had any effect on blood urea
      nitrogen at doses between 0.2 and 0.8 mmol/kg (intraperitoneally) and no apparent
      alterations were seen in kidney slices prepared from bromothiophenol-treated
      rats. These findings suggest that the quinone function of 6-bromo-2,5-dihydroxy
      thiophenol is necessary for the expression of toxicity. In this respect, the
      lower activity of NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase (EC 1.6.99.2) in renal cortex
      may be of toxicological significance.

PMID- 3393140
TI  - Molecular determinants for recognition of RU 24969 analogs at central 5
      hydroxytryptamine recognition sites: use of a bilinear function and substituent
      volumes to describe steric fit.
AB  - The putative serotonin (5-HT) agonist RU 24969 [5-methoxy-3-1,2,3,6
      tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)indole; 5-MeO-THPI] has been extensively used in the study
      and classification of 5-HT receptors. In order to study molecular determinants
      for recognition of THPIs at central 5-HT recognition sites, about 25 additional
      THPI derivatives were synthesized, incorporating, among others, 16 different
      indole-5-substituents and three different pyridine-N substituents in various
      combinations. Two saturated derivatives (piperidin-4-ylindoles) and two 2-methyl
      analogs were also included. Binding affinities at 5-HT1A, 5-HT2, and total 5-HT1
      sites were obtained and the data were incorporated in quantitative structure
      activity relationships (QSARs) using a combined linear free energy/molecular
      modeling approach. The QSAR analyses suggest distinct differences in the
      structural features that determine optimal potency at 5-HT1A sites versus those
      directing optimal potency for 5-HT2 sites. The parameter of the indole-5
      substituent that almost exclusively determines potency for 5-HT1A sites is
      volume, the optimal size being about 24 cubic angstroms (calculated by fitting
      the activity versus volume data to a bilinear function). This is approximately
      the size of a carboxamide group. In contrast, at the 5-HT2 site both volume and
      hydrophobicity play major but opposing roles for the 5-substituent. A balance
      between the smallest possible volume and the greatest possible hydrophobicity is
      required for maximal 5-HT2 potency. Benzyl groups on the indole-1 or pyridyl-1
      positions also favor potency at the 5-HT2 site (probably largely due to increased
      hydrophobic binding) while decreasing potency at the 5-HT1A site. A minor
      electronic contribution to the QSARs involving the charge on the indole 5-carbon
      is of opposite sign for 5-HT1A versus 5-HT2 sites and thus may also be useful for
      selective drug design. The data are consistent with the possibility that the
      indole and pyridyl rings are in a coplanar configuration when binding at both 5
      HT1A and 5-HT2 sites, because the indole-2-methyl substituent, which provides a
      large energy barrier to the coplanar configuration, greatly reduces the potency
      of THPIs at both binding sites. Similarities in analog selectivity patterns
      suggest that the indolic portion of these compounds binds similarly to that of
      other indole derivatives such as tryptamines; thus, it is possible that optimally
      selective substituents predicted by these QSARs may be extrapolated to
      tryptamines and other indoles.

PMID- 3393141
TI  - Cytochrome P-450-dependent biotransformation of a series of phenoxazone ethers in
      the rat conceptus during early organogenesis: evidence for multiple P-450
      isoenzymes.
AB  - Using highly sensitive probe-substrate analyses, investigations of drug
      biotransformation in tissues of the rat conceptus during an early stage of
      organogenesis revealed that three separate tissue components each contained P-450
      isozymes capable of catalyzing the monooxygenation of foreign organic chemicals.
      Tissues of the embryo proper contained constitutive P450(s) that catalyzed
      readily measurable O-depentylation and O-debenzylation of pentoxyphenoxazone and
      benzyloxyphenoxazone, respectively, but no measurable O-demethylation of
      methoxyphenoxazone and barely detectable O-deethylation of ethoxyphenoxazone.
      Higher specific activities for the O-depentylation and O-debenzylation reactions
      were measured in preparations of the yolk sac and this organ also appeared to
      contain constitutive P450(s) for the readily detectable O-deethylation of
      ethoxyphenoxazone. The O-demethylation of methoxyphenoxazone could not be
      detected in the yolk sac. Only the O-debenzylation reaction could be detected in
      tissues of the ectoplacental cone. Treatment of conceptuses in utero with 3
      methycholantherene (MC) resulted in significantly increased rates of O
      deethylation reactions in preparations of yolk sac and embryo but not
      ectoplacental cone. Demethylation was not detectable in the same preparations.
      Treatment with phenobarbital, pregnenolone-16 alpha-carbonitrile, or isosafrole
      produced no observable effect on any of the reactions studied. Carbon monoxide
      (CO:O2 = 80:20 versus N2:O2 = 80:20) markedly inhibited all reaction rates and
      inhibition could be reversed by replacement of CO with N2. Deethylation and
      debenzylation were inhibited by anti-P450IA1 IgG after MC induction but were not
      affected by the same IgG fraction in untreated conceptuses. Depentylation
      reactions were not inhibited by anti-P450IA1 or anti-P450IIB1/2 antibodies under
      any of the conditions used. Deethylation was strongly inhibited by 1.0 microM 7,8
      benzoflavone in tissues from MC-treated but not untreated conceptus. Metyrapone
      (0.1 mM) failed to significantly inhibit any of the measurable conceptus
      catalyzed depentylation reaction. The results indicated the presence of four (or
      more) functional P450 isozymes in tissues of the conceptus during organogenesis,
      a constitutive depentylase(s) in the yolk sac and embryo, a constitutive
      deethylase(s) present in the yolk sac, an MC-inducible deethylase(s) in the
      embryo and yolk sac, and constitutive debenzylase(s) present in all three
      tissues. No O-demethylation was detectable in any of the three tissues, even
      after in utero exposure to inducers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3393142
TI  - The role of oxidative and conjugative pathways in the activation of 1,2-dibromo-3
      chloropropane to DNA-damaging products in rat testicular cells.
AB  - The ability of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP), several methylated analogs of
      DBCP and perdeuterated DBCP (DBCP-D5) to cause DNA damage in isolated testicular
      cells from rats was measured by the alkaline elution technique. Of the methylated
      analogs studied, only the C3-methyl analog was capable of causing significant DNA
      damage at concentrations of 0-50 microM. In both time- (0-60 min) and
      concentration- (0-10 microM) dependent experiments, the testicular cell DNA
      damage caused by the perdeuterated analog of DBCP closely mimicked the damage
      resulting from DBCP itself. The lack of an isotope effect between DBCP-D5 and
      DBCP strongly suggests that metabolism via a cytochrome P-450-dependent pathway
      is not involved in the DNA-damaging effects of DBCP in rat testicular cells. In
      contrast, preincubation for 1 hr with diethylmaleate (DEM) inhibited DBCP-induced
      (10 microM) DNA damage in a concentration-dependent manner (0-500 microM DEM).
      The decrease in testicular DNA damage was proportional to the decrease in
      cellular nonprotein sulfhydryl levels. Similarly, it was shown that 1,2
      dibromoethane (EDB), a structurally related halogenated alkane, produced DNA
      damage in isolated testicular cells in both a time- (0-60 min) and concentration-
      (0-600 microM) dependent fashion. The DNA damage produced by EDB (600 microM) was
      also inhibited by pretreatment of testicular cells with DEM (1 mM). The
      testicular genotoxicity induced by EDB is thought to involve its initial
      conjugation to glutathione and the subsequent formation of a reactive
      episulfonium ion. The data presented indicate that similar events may be
      occurring in DBCP-induced DNA damage in rat testicular cells.

PMID- 3393143
TI  - Differential inhibition of hepatic ferrochelatase by regioisomers of N-butyl-, N
      pentyl-, N-hexyl-, and N-isobutylprotoporphyrin IX.
AB  - A series of analogues of 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydro-2,4,6-trimethylpyridine
      (DDC), viz. 4-butyl DDC, 4-pentyl DDC, and 4-hexyl DDC was administered to
      phenobarbital-pretreated rats. The N-alkylprotoporphyrins (N-alkylPP) isolated
      from the rat livers were separated into regioisomers by means of high performance
      liquid chromatography; the NB or NA (NB/A) regioisomers constituted 19-26% of the
      total regioisomers. Considerable ferrochelatase-inhibitory activity was found in
      the NB/A regioisomers; the NC or ND (NC/D) regioisomers had little ferrochelatase
      inhibitory activity. These findings supported the idea that the ferrochelatase
      active site could accommodate alkyl groups larger than methyl only if they were
      present on the nitrogens of the A or B pyrrole rings of the N-alkylPP. The
      inactivity of 4-isobutyl DDC as a ferrochelatase-lowering agent was investigated.
      After injection of 4-isobutyl-DDC into phenobarbital-pretreated rats, N
      isobutylPP was isolated from the rat livers and separated into its regioisomers;
      the NB/A regioisomer constituted 3.8% of the total regioisomers. The NB/A
      regioisomer was found to have appreciable ferrochelatase-inhibitory activity
      whereas the NC/D regioisomer was inactive. The inactivity of 4-isobutyl-DDC as a
      ferrochelatase-lowering agent was attributed to the small amount of NB/A
      regioisomer present in the N-isobutylPP regioisomer mixture.

PMID- 3393145
TI  - [Prediction in histones of the DNA-recognizing protein superstructure alpha helix
      turn-alpha helix].
AB  - The localization of DNA-recognizing supersecondary structure alpha-helix--turn-
      alpha-helix in 85 amino acid sequences of histones is predicted. According to the
      prediction method based on the necessary requirements of amino acid coding this
      structure may be localized in the following segments of amino acid sequences of
      calf thymus histones: H1--90--112, H2A--54--76, H2B--50--72 and 102--124, H3--15-
      37 and 73--95, H4--5--27 or 6--28 and 32--54 or 42--64. According to the known
      experimental data on the secondary structure of histones only the following
      localizations are possible: H1--90--112, H2A--54--76, H2B--50--72, H3--73--95, H4
      -42--64. Using the known experimental data on DNA-histone interactions it is
      possible to suggest that these localizations of structures alpha-helix--turn-
      alpha-helix possible in histones H2A, H2B and H4 allows them to participate in
      close or structurally essential interactions of histones with DNA. The role of
      the predicted structure in nucleosome formation and in the autoregulation of
      histone biosynthesis is discussed.

PMID- 3393144
TI  - [Prediction of the DNA-recognizing supersecondary protein structure, alpha helix
      turn-alpha helix, using the modified Ohlendorf-Anderson-Matthews method of
      necessary stereochemical requirements].
AB  - A method for prediction of DNA-recognizing supersecondary structure alpha-helix-
      turn--alpha-helix localization in an amino acid sequence of any protein is
      described. The method allows to predict this structure in segment 67-89 of E.
      coli ribosomal protein L7/L12 and in corresponding segments of L7/L12 analogues
      from other six bacteria and spinach chloroplasts.

PMID- 3393146
TI  - [Characteristics of nucleotide blocks in coding and non-coding DNA sequences from
      different organisms].
AB  - A statistical analysis of occurrence of particular nucleotide runs (1 divided by
      10 nucleotides long) in DNA sequences of different species has been carried out.
      There are considerable differences in run distributions in DNA sequences of
      prokaryotes, invertebrates and vertebrates. Distribution of various types of runs
      has been found to be different in coding and non-coding sequences. There is an
      abundance of short runs 1 divided by 2 nucleotides long in coding sequences, and
      there is a deficiency of such runs in the non-coding regions. However, some
      interesting exceptions from this rule exist: for run distribution of adenine in
      prokaryotes and for distribution of purine-pyrimidine runs in eukaryotes. This
      may be stipulated by the fact that the distribution of runs are predetermined by
      structural peculiarities of the entire DNA molecule. Runs of guanine or cytosine
      of three to six nucleotides long occur predominantly in the non-coding DNA
      regions in eukaryotes, especially in vertebrates.

PMID- 3393148
TI  - [Relation between changes in the palindromic fraction and DNA replication during
      early stages of sea urchin development].
AB  - Inverted repeat DNA sequences during embryogenesis were tested by comparing the
      bulk inverted repeat taken from Strongylocentrotus intermedius sea urchin embryos
      at different stages of development. This fraction exhibited quantitative and
      qualitative changes. A reversible quantitative decrease was associated with the
      16-cell embryo and blastula stages. Sizing on 1.5% agarose gel indicated that the
      length of the palindromic sequences at the early blastula stage was predominantly
      about 200 b. p., and at the pluteus stage 240 b. p. Sensitivity of the
      palindromic sequences to S1 nuclease digestion at the blastula and gastrula
      stages was different. It was shown that a specific set of the inverted repeats
      was included in fragments of DNA--comparising the origin of replication. The
      results suggest that the change of inverted repeats may be determined by
      replication processes.

PMID- 3393149
TI  - [A mathematical model of the incompatibility of plasmids using a mechanism of
      master replication].
AB  - A mathematical model of incompatibility for plasmids that use master-replication
      was worked out. Formulas for calculating the segregation velocity of two
      incompatible plasmids and for determining the number of cell generations (l
      gamma), necessary to achieve a gamma-share of polyplasmid cells are given. It is
      shown that l gamma strives to -8 lg gamma with the increase of the copy number N,
      i.e. it does not depend on N. This is the main distinction of model presented
      from those by Novick at al. and Ishii et al., who consider the mechanisms of
      regular and random replication. For these mechanisms l gamma increases
      proportional to N. So, at N greater than 30, the difference between l gamma,
      calculated for the master-replication and the random replication exceeds 10. This
      allows to determine the mechanism of replication used by the plasmid by measuring
      the velosity of incompatible plasmids segregation.

PMID- 3393147
TI  - [Structural changes in proteins of the bacteriophage T4 basal plate resulting
      from the attachment of long fibrils].
AB  - The effect of the attachment of long tail fibers on the structure of proteins of
      the bacteriophage T4 baseplate was studied by digital processing of electron
      microscopic images. The attachment of the long fibers was found to result in
      dramatical changes of the proteins of the baseplate plag, while the wedges, to
      which the long fibers are attached, undergo only slight changes. We studied the
      baseplates with one to six attached fibers and found that the attachment of one
      fiber resulted in the change of the entire baseplate, although the wedge located
      in the vicinity of the fiber attachment changed to a greater extent. Only after
      the attachment of three and more fibers the changes of the same kind occurred
      through the entire baseplate.

PMID- 3393150
TI  - [Primary structure of the 5S rRNA gene with shortened non-transcribed spacer in
      diploid wheat Triticum monococcum L].
AB  - Two types of repeated sequences 320 and 510 b. p. long, that hybridize with 32P
      5S rRNA, were determined in the genome of diploid wheat Triticum monococcum L.
      Using pBR327 plasmid, recombinant plasmids pTm5S7 and pTmS12, containing 5S DNA
      of both types, were constructed. The primary structure of the insertion into
      plasmid pTm5S7 was determined. The given 5S DNA repeated unit was shown to
      consist of 327 base pairs and to lack highly diverged sequence between 133 and
      214 bases in 3'-flanking region. Eight nucleotide changes in the encoding region,
      including four changes in the transcription control region were found. Partial or
      full elimination of 5S DNA repeats were shown in genomes of tetra- and hexaploid
      wheat species. It was supposed that 5S DNA gene of Triticum monococcum in 327 b.
      p. repeats should represent a gene with relatively low transcriptional activity
      due to base changes within the limits of the intragene transcription control
      region.

PMID- 3393151
TI  - [Binding of positive charged ligands to DNA. The effect of ionic strength, charge
      and size of the ligand].
AB  - The electrostatic interaction of extended cationic ligands with DNA has been
      considered on the basis of the analytical solution of a simplified Poisson-
      Boltzmann equation for the charged polyion cylinder. The control numerical
      solution of rigorous Poisson--Boltzmann equation shows that the assumption about
      the absence of coions in the vicinity of the highly charged polyion cylinder does
      not significantly influence the accuracy of solution and DNA electrostatic free
      energy evaluation. It was found that the basic contribution to the free energy of
      electrostatic ligand-DNA interaction is the mixing entropy change due to release
      of counterions from the vicinity of DNA. The equation for the dependence of the
      ligand to DNA binding constant K upon ionic strength c has been derived without
      introduction of any empirical parameters. This equation is consistent with the
      experimental data and can be used for the determination of a number of ligand-
      DNA ionic contacts in a wide range of salt concentrations. The main consequences
      of Manning and Record et al. theories can be considered as limiting cases of the
      theory presented. In particular the equation d(lnK)/d(lnc) = -0.88 N by Record et
      al. has a restricted range of application and it can be used only for a relative
      approximate estimation of the number of electrostatic bonds in ligand-DNA
      complexes. The analysis of electrostatic interaction of DNA with ligands which
      neutralize only part of phosphate groups in the binding site of DNA was also
      performed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3393152
TI  - [Release of proteins from metaphase chromosomes induced by lipid membranes].
AB  - The interaction of the isolated chromosomes with the model phospholipid membranes
      in the presence of divalent cations leads to chromosomal decondensation as we
      showed previously by using different methods. In this manuscript we report data
      concerning the mechanism of such membrane-promoted decondensation. Under the
      action of liposomes at least three proteins are released from the chromosomes.
      The appearance of these chromosomal proteins was detected by SDS-electrophoresis
      of the fraction of the liposomes after dissociation of the complexes. One of
      these proteins with MW 33 kDa is tightly bound with the liposomes while the other
      two with MW 25 and 68 kDa release without binding. We suggested that the
      chromosomal decondensation at mitosis is caused by the action of the newly formed
      nuclear envelope, in particular by its membrane part which is able to provide the
      release of chromosomal proteins responsible for keeping the chromosomes in the
      compact state.

PMID- 3393153
TI  - [Structure of nucleosomes and organization of inter-nucleosomal DNA in
      chromatin].
AB  - We have compared mononucleosomes that were obtained by hydrolysis of chromatin
      micrococcal nuclease from a number of sources with the length of a nucleosomal
      repeat 185--245 b. p. long. For hydrolysis of chromatin isolated from nuclei, a
      series of nucleosomes was formed: MN145 (core particle), MN165, MN175...MN205,
      MN215, the lengths of their DNAs differing (by approximately 10.n b.p. where n =
      1, 2, 3...) by a factor of 10. A feature of hydrolysis of chromatin in nuclei was
      the appearance of an additional H1-depleted MN155 particle. It is suggested that
      upon isolation of chromatin from nuclei, its partial decompactization takes
      place. This decompactization changes the character of nuclease splitting and
      seems to be connected with rearrangement of histone H1. These observations
      demonstrate that besides core particles MN145 and chromatosomes MN165, the major
      particles of digest of nuclei appear to be MN155, and for isolated chromatin-
      MN175. Unlike this standard picture, mainly MN145, MN155, MN235 and MN245 are
      formed upon hydrolysis of sea urchin sperm nuclei.

PMID- 3393154
TI  - [Comparison of the primary structure of reconstructed minimal nucleosomes and
      nucleosomes isolated from the chromatin].
AB  - We have reconstructed nucleosomes from a histone octamer (H2A, H2B, H3, H4)2 and
      DNA 146 b.p. or 2-3 thousands b.p. in length. Comparison by means of DNA-histone
      cross-links of the primary organization of minimal nucleosomes obtained by
      reconstruction or isolated from chromatin of chicken erythrocyte nuclei has
      demonstrated a high similarity in histone location on their DNAs. Simultaneously,
      there have been observed some variations in the character of interaction for all
      core histones with DNA on nucleosomes. Thus, the cross-link of histone H4 with
      DNA of a core particle at H4 sites (65), unlike H4(55) and H4(88) sites,
      significantly depends on the superstructure of chromatin, ionic strength of
      solution and the presence of denaturating agents. All these differences are
      expected to probe the existence of conformational isomers for core particles.
      (Bracketed is the distance from the histone interaction site with the DNA of the
      core particle to the DNA 5'-terminus.)

PMID- 3393155
TI  - [mRNA for the plasminogen activator of the urokinase type: translation in oocytes
      of Xenopus laevis].
AB  - Poly(A)+-RNA from human kidney and human embryonal lung fibroblasts fractionated
      by sucrose gradient centrifugation was translated in Xenopus oocytes. Assay for
      plasminogen-dependent fibrinolytic activity detected synthesis of secreted
      plasminogen activator and revealed the active fraction of poly(A)+-RNA with a
      sedimentation coefficient of approximately 23S. Translation products of the
      active fraction were immunoadsorbed by antiurokinase monoclonal antibodies
      immobilized on sepharose. Gel electrophoretic analysis of the protein products
      showed that the 23S fraction of poly(A)+-RNA from human kidney contains mRNA for
      single-chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator with apparent molecular weight
      of approximately 50 kDa.

PMID- 3393156
TI  - Genetic aspects of deoxyribonucleotide metabolism. Prepared on the occasion of
      the 16th International Congress of Genetics. Toronto, Canada, 20-27 August 1988.
      Proceedings.

PMID- 3393157
TI  - DNA replication fidelity: kinetics and thermodynamics.
AB  - Mechanisms that control the fidelity of DNA replication are discussed. Data are
      reviewed for 3 steps in a fidelity pathway: nucleotide insertion, exonucleolytic
      proofreading, and extension from matched and mismatched 3'-primer termini.
      Fidelity mechanisms that involve predominantly Km discrimination, Vmax
      discrimination, or a combination of the two are analyzed in the context of a
      simple model for fidelity. Each fidelity step is divided into 2 components,
      thermodynamic and kinetic. The thermodynamic component, which relates to free
      energy differences between right and wrong base pairs, is associated with a Km
      discrimination mechanism for polymerase. The kinetic component, which represents
      the enzyme's ability to select bases for insertion and excision to achieve
      fidelity greater than that available from base pairing free-energy differences,
      is associated with a Vmax discrimination mechanism for polymerase. Currently
      available fidelity data for nucleotide insertion and primer extension in the
      absence of proofreading appears to have relatively large Km and small Vmax
      components. An important complication can arise when analyzing data from
      polymerases containing an associated 3'-exonuclease activity. In the presence of
      proofreading, a Vmax discrimination mechanism is likely to occur, but this may be
      the result of two Km discrimination mechanisms acting serially, one for
      nucleotide insertion and the other for excision. Possible relationships between
      base pairing free energy differences measured in aqueous solution and those
      defined within the polymerase active cleft are considered in the context of the
      enzyme's ability to exclude water, at least partially, from the vicinity of its
      active site.

PMID- 3393158
TI  - The role of deoxyribonucleotide metabolism in 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine mutagenesis
      in mammalian cells.
AB  - The effects of deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) pool imbalance on the
      induction of mutations and sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs) by 5-bromo-2'
      deoxyuridine (BrdUrd) in mammalian cells is reviewed. The INC BrdUrd mutagenesis
      protocol involves the incorporation of BrdUrd into DNA under conditions of
      specific dNTP pool imbalance, while the REP BrdUrd mutagenesis protocol involves
      the replication of 5-bromouracil (BrUra)-substituted DNA in the presence of
      specific (but different) dNTP pool imbalance. Biochemical and genetic analyses of
      both the INC and REP mutagenesis protocols provided evidence that (1) INC
      mutagenesis resulted from errors of incorporation due to the mispairing of BrdUTP
      with a guanine residue in replicating DNA leading to GC to AT transitions and (2)
      REP mutagenesis resulted from errors of replication due to the mispairing of dGTP
      with a BrUra residue in replicating DNA leading to AT to GC transitions. Further
      analyses involving different cell lines has led to an hypothesis describing the
      role of mismatch repair in the induction of mutations and SCEs.

PMID- 3393159
TI  - Role of carcinogen-modified deoxynucleotide precursors in mutagenesis.
AB  - Agents which damage or modify cellular DNA will generally also modify the
      nucleotide precursor pools, sometimes preferentially (Topal and Baker, 1982).
      There are at least two different ways that incorporation of modified (possibly
      promutagenic) nucleotides could, theoretically, make a significant contribution
      to the mutations induced by these agents. Modified bases may exhibit ambiguous
      base pairing and produce mutations during normal replication or they may induce
      secondary mutations as a result of processing subsequent to incorporation. There
      are important precedents for such possibilities. Classical studies on mutagenesis
      with prototype mutagens like 2-aminopurine (2-AP) and 5-bromouracil clearly show
      that mutations can occur by incorporation of deoxynucleotides of tautomeric or
      ionized (Sowers et al., 1987) bases into newly synthesized DNA (Ronen, 1979;
      Lasken and Goodman, 1984, Coulondre and Miller, 1977). 5-Hydroxymethyl-2'
      deoxyuridine (HMdU), a product of oxidative DNA damage, can also be
      (re)incorporated into cellular DNA with both toxic and mutagenic consequences
      (Kaufman, 1987; Shirname-More et al., 1987). Furthermore, modified nucleotides
      may alter the pool sizes of the normal nucleotides and indirectly produce toxic
      and mutagenic effects. However, these effects are generally seen at high,
      nonphysiological, concentrations of the modified precursors and may not be
      relevant under physiological conditions. The relative importance of modified
      deoxynucleotide precursors in the production of mutations by alkylating and
      oxidative DNA-damaging agents is discussed.

PMID- 3393160
TI  - Modulation of DNA precursor pools, DNA synthesis, and ultraviolet sensitivity of
      a repair-deficient CHO cell line by deoxycytidine.
AB  - The presence of 2 mM deoxycytidine (CdR) in growth medium substantially increased
      the deoxycytidine triphosphate (dCTP) and deoxythymidine triphosphate (dTTP)
      pools in a Chinese hamster ovary cell line, CHO-K1, and in a radiation-sensitive
      mutant, xrs-5, derived from it (Jeggo et al., 1982). We observed significant
      differences in alkaline-sucrose gradient profiles of pulse-labeled DNA from
      unirradiated CHO-K1 and xrs-5 cells. For the latter cell line, a sizable fraction
      of the DNA synthesized during 5 or 10 min of growth subsequent to a 5-min
      radiolabeling period was found to co-sediment with large-chromosome DNA. This
      characteristic of xrs-5 was dramatically reduced by the presence of 2 mM CdR in
      the culture medium, and the UV resistance of the mutant increased to nearly that
      of the parent cell line under these culture conditions. These results show that
      the locus conferring UV-radiation sensitivity to xrs-5 affects DNA replication
      and that replicative activity and UV-radiation sensitivity are jointly modulated
      by CdR, possibly through its impact on the size of deoxynucleoside triphosphate
      pools.

PMID- 3393161
TI  - Enzymatic synthesis of site-specifically modified DNA.

PMID- 3393162
TI  - Germ and somatic cell abnormalities following in vivo administration of thymidine
      and adenine.
AB  - It is known that an excess of or a depletion in bases and nucleosides produce
      genetic effects in vitro, and a similar effect has been found with the nucleoside
      thymidine in this laboratory in vivo. To confirm this effect and to see if this
      occurs with the base adenine, thymidine and adenine were administered to male
      mice by i.p. injection and the sperm examined for head-shape abnormalities 4 and
      5 weeks later. Treated males also were mated to untreated females for the
      provision of an F1 generation. The F1 males were subjected to the sperm
      morphology assay when they reached 14 weeks of age. Amongst those F0 males given
      adenine, there was a dose-related increase in the frequency of abnormal sperm and
      the group given thymidine also showed increases, confirming the results of
      previous studies in this laboratory. In the F1 generation, the fraction of mice
      from treated males showing increases in numbers of abnormal sperm was greater
      than that of the controls. In a micronucleus test with mice treated with
      thymidine, mitosis was delayed and there was a marginal increase in micronuclei,
      suggesting that an imbalance in nucleoside pools may be responsible for
      chromosomal damage in somatic cells in vivo. Therefore it is considered that
      similar effects to those produced in vitro can be demonstrated in vivo.
      Furthermore, the results of the sperm morphology assay show that the damage is
      transmissible.

PMID- 3393163
TI  - Dynamics of the thymidine triphosphate pool during the cell cycle of synchronized
      3T3 mouse fibroblasts.
AB  - To investigate whether resting cells of 3T3 mouse fibroblasts carry out de novo
      synthesis of deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates, we determined the turnover of the
      thymidine triphosphate pool of G0 cells obtained by starvation of cultures for
      platelet-derived growth factor. These cells were contaminated by less than 1% S
      phase cells. In the absence of deoxyribonucleosides in the medium one million G0
      cells contained 5 pmole of dTTP with a turnover of 0.09 pmole/min. S-phase cells
      in comparison contained a 20 times larger dTTP pool with a more than 200-fold
      faster turnover. Our results suggest that G0 cells carry out a slow but finite de
      novo synthesis of deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates to satisfy the cells'
      requirement for DNA repair and mitochondrial DNA synthesis.

PMID- 3393164
TI  - Chromosomal and enzymatic patterns provide evidence for two types of human colon
      cancers with abnormal nucleotide metabolism.
AB  - Correlated chromosomal and enzymatic studies are reported in a series of 13 human
      colon cancers. Two distinct chromosomal patterns are found: one with many losses,
      called monosomic type and another with many gains, called trisomic type.
      Chromosome 18, which carries the gene for thymidylate synthase (TS) is always
      missing in the monosomic type, in which TS activity is low. On the contrary, TS
      activity is high in the trisomic type on the average. The long arm of chromosome
      17, which carries the gene for thymidine kinase (TK), is frequently duplicated in
      both monosomic and trisomic types, in which TK activities are high. It is found
      that most other deletions affect chromosomes carrying genes for enzymes of the de
      novo pathways whereas most other gains affect chromosomes carrying genes for
      enzymes of salvage pathways for synthesis of nucleotides. The importance of this
      finding is discussed.

PMID- 3393165
TI  - High-performance liquid-chromatographic analysis of bases and nucleoside in mouse
      testes following in vivo thymidine administration.
AB  - In order to measure accurately bases and nucleosides in vivo, a method has been
      developed using high-performance liquid chromatography. This method is
      reproducible under conditions of constant pressure, temperature and pH and is
      rapid, requiring approximately 1 h for a complete chromatographic separation of
      bases and nucleosides. The method has been used to measure quantitatively the
      bases and nucleosides in mouse testes following in vivo administration of
      thymidine. Groups of male mice were given thymidine by intra-peritoneal injection
      and were killed at various time intervals and the testes removed for extraction
      procedures. There was a significant increase in the thymidine concentration in
      the testes 1 h after injection, which fairly quickly returned to the control
      value thereafter. There was a subsequent reduction in uridine concentration. This
      analytical method allows deoxyribonucleotide (dNTP) precursor pool sizes to be
      determined in germinal cells. It may also be useful for other tissues in vivo.

PMID- 3393166
TI  - The role of blood platelets in nucleoside metabolism: assay, cellular location
      and significance of thymidine phosphorylase in human blood.
AB  - The enzyme thymidine phosphorylase (thymidine: orthophosphate
      deoxyribosyltransferase, EC 2.4.2.4), which plays a crucial role in nucleic acid
      metabolism in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells by regulating the
      availability of thymidine, is present in mammalian blood. Here we describe a
      simple, rapid HPLC-based micromethod for the assay of blood thymidine
      phosphorylase. We have arbitrarily defined 1 unit of blood thymidine
      phosphorylase activity as the activity required to produce a 1-nM increment in
      the plasma concentration of thymine after incubation for 1 h at 37 degrees C with
      a saturating concentration of exogenous thymidine. In normal adults, whole
      (peripheral venous) blood thymidine phosphorylase activity with blood cells
      intact was 64 +/- 11 units (mean +/- S.D., n = 20, range 45-89). The apparent
      Michaelis constant for thymidine was of the order of 10(-4) M but varied nearly 5
      fold between different individuals. Activity increased when blood cells were
      permeabilised or lysed with non-ionic detergents, implying that thymidine
      phosphorylase is an intracellular enzyme which may be influenced by exogenous as
      well as intracellular factors. When blood from normal donors was fractionated,
      thymidine phosphorylase activity consistently co-isolated with platelets. Whole
      blood thymidine phosphorylase activity correlated well with platelet parameters.
      Although thymidine phosphorylase activity was also detected in plasma and serum,
      the small size and notorious fragility of platelets suggest its platelet origin.
      Blood from leukaemic donors showed significantly increased thymidine
      phosphorylase activity compared to normal controls (mean activity +/- S.D. was 96
      +/- 27 units; range 58-140, n = 8). Thymine formation from thymidine was
      temperature- and pH-dependent in whole blood. 2'-Deoxyuridine and 3 of its 5
      halogenated analogues (but not 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT), were catabolised
      by blood thymidine phosphorylase, even during blood clotting at room temperature.
      Assumptions about in vivo concentrations of these compounds should therefore be
      interpreted cautiously. In the presence of high concentrations of thymine and
      suitable deoxyribose donors, small amounts of thymidine were formed in some blood
      samples, so it is conceivable that thymidine catabolism may be reversible in vivo
      under some circumstances.

PMID- 3393168
TI  - The in vitro determination of lingering antimycotic effect of two 1% omoconazole
      nitrate cream formulations following single topical application.

PMID- 3393167
TI  - The effect of trichophytin and candidin on neutrophil chemotaxis.

PMID- 3393169
TI  - Miconazole in the treatment of vaginal candidosis. A multicenter study.

PMID- 3393170
TI  - Incidence of early loss of pregnancy.
AB  - We studied the risk of early loss of pregnancy by collecting daily urine
      specimens from 221 healthy women who were attempting to conceive. Urinary
      concentrations of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) were measured for a total of
      707 menstrual cycles with use of an immunoradiometric assay that is able to
      detect hCG levels as low as 0.01 ng per milliliter, with virtually 100 percent
      specificity for hCG in the presence of luteinizing hormone. Our criterion for
      early pregnancy--an hCG level above 0.025 ng per milliliter on three consecutive
      days--was determined after we compared the hCG levels in the study group with the
      levels in a comparable group of 28 women who had undergone sterilization by tubal
      ligation. We identified 198 pregnancies by an increase in the hCG level near the
      expected time of implantation. Of these, 22 percent ended before pregnancy was
      detected clinically. Most of these early pregnancy losses would not have been
      detectable by the less sensitive assays for hCG used in earlier studies. The
      total rate of pregnancy loss after implantation, including clinically recognized
      spontaneous abortions, was 31 percent. Most of the 40 women with unrecognized
      early pregnancy losses had normal fertility, since 95 percent of them
      subsequently became clinically pregnant within two years.

PMID- 3393171
TI  - Stomach cancer after partial gastrectomy for benign ulcer disease.
AB  - We followed for 25 to 33 years 6459 patients who had undergone partial
      gastrectomy for benign ulcer disease to determine the incidence of stomach
      cancer. The overall risk was no different from that among sex- and age-matched
      controls from the Swedish Cancer Registry (standardized incidence ratio = 0.96;
      95 percent confidence limits, 0.78 and 1.16). However, when the patients were
      classified according to the duration of follow-up after operation, sex, surgical
      procedure, diagnosis at the time of operation, and age at operation, differences
      in risk were observed between the subgroups. After adjustment for potential
      confounding variables, the average adjusted risk increased 28 percent (adjusted
      standardized incidence ratio = 1.28; 95 percent confidence limits, 1.11 and 1.49)
      for each successive five-year interval after operation. The adjusted risk was
      greater among women than men (adjusted standardized incidence ratio = 1.96; 95
      percent confidence limits, 1.18 and 3.24). Patients who had undergone a Billroth
      I anastomosis had a lower crude risk, both overall (standardized incidence ratio
      = 0.40; 95 percent confidence limits, 0.20 and 0.71) and after we controlled for
      other confounding variables (adjusted standardized incidence ratio = 0.27; 95
      percent confidence limits, 0.12 and 0.62), than did those who had undergone a
      Billroth II procedure. The adjusted risk of stomach cancer was greater among
      patients operated on for gastric ulcer than among those operated on for duodenal
      ulcer (adjusted standardized incidence ratio = 2.21; 95 percent confidence
      limits, 1.45 and 3.35). Risk decreased with increased age at operation. Between
      successive strata of age at operation (less than 39, 40 to 49, 50 to 59, and
      greater than or equal to 60 years of age), the adjusted risk decreased on the
      average by about half (adjusted standardized incidence ratio = 0.52; 95 percent
      confidence limits, 0.41 and 0.66).

PMID- 3393173
TI  - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological
      exercises. Case 30-1988. A 9-year-old girl with chronic interstitial lung disease
      and recurrent bouts of pneumonia.

PMID- 3393174
TI  - Growth hormone therapy and the short end of the stick.

PMID- 3393175
TI  - There's many a slip 'twixt implantation and the crib.

PMID- 3393172
TI  - The advantage of measuring stimulated as compared with spontaneous growth hormone
      levels in the diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency.
AB  - To clarify the relative usefulness of measuring stimulated as compared with
      spontaneous growth hormone levels in the diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency,
      we studied 54 short prepubertal children--23 with growth hormone deficiency
      identified by stimulation tests and 31 with idiopathic short stature who had
      normal responses to growth hormone stimulation. Growth hormone levels were
      measured in plasma samples obtained every 20 minutes for either 12 or 24 hours.
      The results were compared with those in 46 normal prepubertal children. Children
      with growth hormone deficiency had significantly lower mean 24-hour growth
      hormone levels (1.0 microgram per liter; range, 0.5 to 1.8) than normal children
      (2.8 micrograms per liter; range, 0.8 to 5.8; P less than 0.001). However, the
      diagnostic usefulness of the spontaneous growth hormone test was inferior to that
      of the stimulation tests, since it identified only 57 percent of the children
      with growth hormone deficiency identified by the stimulation tests. In the
      remaining children with growth hormone deficiency, spontaneous growth hormone
      levels were within the normal range. Children with idiopathic short stature had a
      normal mean 24-hour level of growth hormone (3.0 micrograms per liter; range, 1.1
      to 6.7). No child in this group had low levels of spontaneous growth hormone
      secretion. We conclude that the measurement of the spontaneous secretion of
      growth hormone in prepubertal short children had lower sensitivity and offered no
      diagnostic advantage over stimulation tests. Our data do not support the routine
      measurement of spontaneous growth hormone secretion in the diagnosis of growth
      hormone deficiency.

PMID- 3393176
TI  - Screening for HIV infection in sexually transmitted disease clinics.

PMID- 3393177
TI  - Second cancers after radiotherapy for Hodgkin's disease.

PMID- 3393178
TI  - Lymphocyte predominance Hodgkin's disease.

PMID- 3393179
TI  - Clinical characteristics of patients with ventricular fibrillation during
      antiarrhythmic drug therapy.
AB  - We retrospectively studied 28 patients with 38 episodes of newly occurring
      ventricular fibrillation during antiarrhythmic drug therapy. Twenty-six of these
      patients, who had ventricular fibrillation during single-drug therapy with
      quinidine, procainamide, or disopyramide, were compared with a control group of
      62 patients who had been treated similarly for ventricular arrhythmias but did
      not have ventricular fibrillation during treatment. The median duration of
      therapy before ventricular fibrillation was three days. The left ventricular
      ejection fraction of the study group was lower than that of the control group
      (0.29 vs. 0.43; P less than 0.0001), and concomitant treatment with digitalis and
      diuretic agents was more common in the study group. The base-line QT interval
      (corrected for heart rate) was slightly longer in the study group than in the
      controls (0.47 vs. 0.44; P less than 0.005), although both groups had similar
      degrees of QT prolongation during drug therapy. Four of 13 patients (31 percent)
      who underwent multiple trials of antiarrhythmic drugs had recurrent episodes of
      ventricular fibrillation. Six patients died suddenly after a mean follow-up of 18
      months--four who were receiving antiarrhythmic therapy and two who were not. We
      conclude that drug-associated ventricular fibrillation is an early event, that
      there may be an increased risk of its recurrence with subsequent trials of
      antiarrhythmic drugs, and that left ventricular dysfunction and concomitant
      therapy with digitalis and diuretic agents may predispose patients to this
      complication.

PMID- 3393180
TI  - Microscopic nephrocalcinosis in cystic fibrosis.
AB  - Airway, sweat-duct, and other epithelial cells in patients with cystic fibrosis
      display abnormal ion transport. To test whether the kidney, the organ most
      exquisitely adapted for ion transport, has a similar defect, we measured the
      levels of calcium excretion and searched for microscopic nephrocalcinosis in
      patients with cystic fibrosis. Thirty-eight specimens of kidney tissue were
      stained for calcium deposits, and 24-hour levels of urinary calcium excretion
      were measured in 14 patients and 15 control subjects. Microscopic
      nephrocalcinosis was observed in 35 of the 38 specimens (92 percent), and
      hypercalciuria (greater than 182 mg per gram of creatinine) in 5 of the 14
      patients (36 percent). Notably, nephrocalcinosis was detected near the time of
      birth (in six patients under one year old, including two neonates and one
      stillborn infant), which supports the hypothesis that such renal calcium deposits
      reflect the genomic defect and are not due to longstanding pulmonary dysfunction,
      chronic infection, therapeutic agents, or disease progression. None of the
      patients with hypercalciuria or nephrocalcinosis had clinical evidence of renal
      dysfunction. The finding of microscopic nephrocalcinosis near the time of birth
      in patients with cystic fibrosis suggests a primary abnormality of calcium
      metabolism in the kidney. Studies of the pathophysiologic features of the kidney
      in cystic fibrosis may elucidate the molecular alterations observed in this
      disorder.

PMID- 3393181
TI  - A prospective study of moderate alcohol consumption and the risk of coronary
      disease and stroke in women.
AB  - In 1980, 87,526 female nurses 34 to 59 years of age completed a dietary
      questionnaire that assessed their consumption of beer, wine, and liquor. By 1984,
      during 334,382 person-years of follow-up, we had documented 200 incident cases of
      severe coronary heart disease (164 nonfatal myocardial infarctions and 36 deaths
      due to coronary disease), 66 ischemic strokes, and 28 subarachnoid hemorrhages.
      Follow-up was 98 percent complete. As compared with nondrinkers, women who
      consumed 5 to 14 g of alcohol per day (three to nine drinks per week) had a
      relative risk of coronary disease of 0.6 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.4 to
      0.9); for 15 to 24 g per day the relative risk was 0.6 (0.3 to 1.1), and for 25 g
      or more per day it was 0.4 (0.2 to 0.8), after adjustment for risk factors for
      coronary disease. Alcohol intake was also associated with a decreased risk of
      ischemic stroke. For 5 to 14 g of alcohol per day the relative risk was 0.3 (0.1
      to 0.7), and for 15 g per day or more it was 0.5 (0.2 to 1.1). In contrast,
      although the number of cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage was small, alcohol intake
      tended to be associated with an increased risk of this disorder; for 5 to 14 g
      per day the relative risk was 3.7 (1.0 to 13.8). These prospective data suggest
      that among middle-aged women, moderate alcohol consumption decreases the risks of
      coronary heart disease and ischemic stroke but may increase the risk of
      subarachnoid hemorrhage.

PMID- 3393182
TI  - Human immunodeficiency virus infection among men with sexually transmitted
      diseases. Experience from a center in Africa.
AB  - Heterosexual transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) appears to
      occur readily in Africa but less commonly in North America and Europe. We
      conducted a case-control study among men attending a clinic for sexually
      transmitted diseases in Nairobi to determine the prevalence of HIV infection and
      the risk factors involved. HIV antibody was detected in 11.2 percent of 340 men
      who enrolled in the study. Reports of nonvaginal heterosexual intercourse and
      homosexuality were notably rare. Recent injections and blood transfusions were
      not associated with HIV infection. Travel and frequent contact with prostitutes
      were associated with HIV seropositivity. Men who were uncircumcised were more
      likely to have HIV infection (odds ratio, 2.7; P = 0.003), as were those who
      reported a history of genital ulcers (odds ratio, 7.2; P less than 0.001). A
      current diagnosis of genital ulcers was also associated with HIV seropositivity
      (odds ratio, 2.0; P = 0.028). Multivariate analysis revealed an independent
      association of genital ulcers with HIV infection in both circumcised and
      uncircumcised men. Uncircumcised men were more frequently infected with HIV,
      regardless of a history of genital ulcers. Our study finds that genital ulcers
      and an intact foreskin are associated with HIV infection in men with a sexually
      transmitted disease. Genital ulcers may increase men's susceptibility to HIV, or
      they may increase the infectivity of women infected with HIV. The intact foreskin
      may operate to increase the susceptibility to HIV.

PMID- 3393183
TI  - Rates of needle-stick injury caused by various devices in a university hospital.
AB  - We identified characteristics of devices that caused needle-stick injuries in a
      university hospital over a 10-month period. Hospital employees who reported
      needle sticks were interviewed about the types of devices causing injury and the
      circumstances of the injuries. Of 326 injuries studied, disposable syringes
      accounted for 35 percent, intravenous tubing and needle assemblies for 26
      percent, prefilled cartridge syringes for 12 percent, winged steel-needle
      intravenous sets for 7 percent, phlebotomy needles for 5 percent, intravenous
      catheter stylets for 2 percent, and other devices for 13 percent. When the data
      were corrected for the number of each type of device purchased, disposable
      syringes had the lowest rate of needle sticks (6.9 per 100,000 syringes
      purchased). Devices that required disassembly had rates of injury of up to 5.3
      times the rate for disposable syringes. One third of the injuries were related to
      recapping. Competing hazards were often cited as reasons for recapping. They
      included the risk of disassembling a device with an uncapped, contaminated needle
      and the difficulty of safely carrying several uncapped items to a disposal box in
      a single trip. New designs could provide safer methods for covering contaminated
      needles. Devices should be designed so that the worker's hands remain behind the
      needle as it is covered, the needle should be covered before disassembly of the
      device, and the needle should remain covered after disposal. Such improvements
      could reduce the incentives for recapping needles and lower the risk of needle
      stick injuries among health care workers.

PMID- 3393184
TI  - Nonoperative embryo transfer to the fallopian tube.

PMID- 3393185
TI  - AIDS: a global perspective.

PMID- 3393186
TI  - Proarrhythmia--taking the bad with the good.

PMID- 3393187
TI  - Frequency of nosocomial transmission of HIV infection among health care workers.

PMID- 3393188
TI  - Equipment modifications to reduce needle sticks.

PMID- 3393189
TI  - HIV infection in Zaire.

PMID- 3393190
TI  - Biliary disease in cystic fibrosis.

PMID- 3393192
TI  - Advertising of prescription drugs.

PMID- 3393191
TI  - Physicians and the transformation of American health care.

PMID- 3393193
TI  - Urinary-bladder management after total joint-replacement surgery.
AB  - We conducted a randomized study of 100 patients to examine the efficacy and risks
      of two methods of urinary-bladder management after total joint-replacement
      surgery. Patients who had hip or knee replacement were randomly assigned either
      to Group I, in which indwelling catheters were placed during the operation and
      removed the next morning, or Group II, in which urinary retention was treated by
      intermittent catheterization as needed. After the removal of the indwelling
      catheter, the patients in Group I had a lower incidence of urinary retention than
      those in Group II (27 vs. 52 percent; P less than 0.01). Bladder distention
      (volume above 700 ml) was more common in Group II (45 percent as compared with 7
      percent in Group I; P less than 0.01) and was associated with an increased need
      for subsequent long-term catheterization. There was no significant difference
      between the groups in the rates of urinary tract infection (11 vs. 15 percent).
      We could not identify patients at high risk for retention or infection on the
      basis of preoperative urinary symptoms, previous urinary tract surgery, previous
      urinary tract infection or urinary retention, high-risk medical conditions, sex,
      type of anesthesia, or age (in the absence of prophylactic treatment). We
      conclude that the short-term use of an indwelling catheter after extended
      surgery, such as joint replacement, reduces the incidence of urinary retention
      and bladder overdistention, without increasing the rate of urinary tract
      infection.

PMID- 3393194
TI  - Indomethacin in the treatment of premature labor. Effects on the fetal ductus
      arteriosus.
AB  - Indomethacin is a potent agent in the treatment of premature labor, but its use
      has been limited because of concern about its constrictive effects on the fetal
      ductus arteriosus. To study these effects we used serial fetal echocardiography
      in 13 pregnant women in premature labor who received indomethacin according to
      three different dose schedules, ranging from 100 to 175 mg per day, for a maximum
      of 72 hours. The gestational ages of the fetuses ranged from 26.5 to 31.0 weeks.
      The detection of ductal constriction in 7 of the 14 fetuses by echocardiography
      led to the discontinuation of indomethacin. Three fetuses also had tricuspid
      regurgitation. There was no statistically significant difference between the mean
      (+/- SEM) gestational age of the fetuses with ductal constriction and that of
      those without constriction (29.3 +/- 0.59 and 28.4 +/- 0.52, respectively). There
      was no relation between serum indomethacin levels in the mothers and ductal
      constriction. In all seven fetuses affected, ductal constriction had resolved by
      the time they were restudied 24 hours after the discontinuation of indomethacin.
      Persistent fetal circulation was not detected in any of the 11 neonates studied
      after delivery. Indomethacin used to treat premature labor appears to cause
      transient constriction of the ductus arteriosus in some fetuses, even after short
      term use.

PMID- 3393195
TI  - Reticuloendothelial clearance in cystic fibrosis and other inflammatory lung
      diseases.
AB  - To examine the possible pathophysiologic role of circulating immune complexes in
      patients with cystic fibrosis and other inflammatory lung diseases, we studied
      the reticuloendothelial clearance of IgG-sensitized autologous erythrocytes in 15
      patients with cystic fibrosis, 6 with chronic obstructive lung disease not
      related to cystic fibrosis, 7 with immunodeficiencies, 5 with systemic lupus
      erythematosus, 4 who had previously undergone a splenectomy, and 10 normal
      subjects. Patients with chronic inflammation and recurrent infections (i.e.,
      those with cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive lung disease, and
      immunodeficiencies) had significantly faster clearance rates (P less than 0.05,
      less than 0.01, and less than 0.005, respectively) than normal subjects. In
      contrast, patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (a classic immune complex
      mediated disease) and those who had undergone a splenectomy had delayed
      clearance. The accelerated reticuloendothelial clearance in patients with chronic
      inflammatory pulmonary disease associated with cystic fibrosis was similar to
      that observed in stimulated laboratory animals. The rapid clearance rate may
      account for the rareness of septicemia in such patients despite chronic,
      persistent local bacterial infection.

PMID- 3393196
TI  - Cerebral cavernous malformations. Incidence and familial occurrence.
AB  - We studied 24 patients with histologically verified cerebral cavernous
      malformations, reviewing the familial occurrence and presenting signs, symptoms,
      and radiographic features of the disorder. Eleven patients had no evidence of a
      heritable trait and had negative family histories. Thirteen patients were members
      of six unrelated Mexican-American families. Sixty-four first-degree and second
      degree relatives were examined, and family pedigrees were established. Most
      relatives (83 percent) were asymptomatic; 11 percent had seizures. Magnetic
      resonance imaging was performed in 16 relatives (5 of whom were asymptomatic).
      Fourteen of the 16 studies revealed cavernous malformations; 11 studies
      identified multiple lesions. As compared with computerized tomography and
      angiography, magnetic resonance imaging was far more accurate in detecting
      cavernous malformations. We conclude that cavernous malformations are more
      prevalent than previously reported, and that a familial form of the disorder
      exists that is more common than expected, with a high incidence of multiple
      lesions and an increased frequency of occurrence among Mexican-American families.
      Magnetic resonance imaging is the radiographic technique of choice for the
      identification and follow-up of these lesions.

PMID- 3393198
TI  - Can we build a better urinary catheter?

PMID- 3393197
TI  - Poker players' pneumonia. An urban outbreak of Q fever following exposure to a
      parturient cat.

PMID- 3393199
TI  - Vascular malformations of the brain.

PMID- 3393200
TI  - Transplantation of fetal substantia nigra and adrenal medulla to the caudate
      nucleus in two patients with Parkinson's disease.

PMID- 3393201
TI  - Shock-wave lithotripsy of gallbladder stones.

PMID- 3393202
TI  - Prenatal management and congenital toxoplasmosis.

PMID- 3393204
TI  - Psychosis and water metabolism.

PMID- 3393203
TI  - HIV infection in heterosexual female intravenous drug users in New York City,
      1977-1980.

PMID- 3393205
TI  - Falsification of credentials by applicants for medical staffs.

PMID- 3393206
TI  - The paradox of health.

PMID- 3393207
TI  - [Chemistry of swine liver and products of liver processing. 1. Carbohydrate
      content of swine liver in relation to thermal stress].
AB  - Glucose can be extracted from the carbohydrates of pig liver by water, but
      glycogen only by boiling alkalies. The last one can be precipitated with ethanol.
      The boiling of an aqueous liver suspension causes a decrease in glucose quantity
      as expected. Thereby the influence of the liver proteins on carbohydrate
      concentration becomes apparent as well as the interaction between both substances
      within the reaction of non-enzymatic browning. A series of storing experiments
      confirmed that neither freezing nor boiling temperatures can completely stop this
      reaction.

PMID- 3393208
TI  - [Chemistry of swine liver and products of liver processing. 2. Interaction
      between water-soluble liver proteins and glucose--non-enzymatic browning
      reactions].
AB  - The influence of thermical treatment of pig liver on the concentration of water
      soluble proteins was investigated. The latter can be partly separated by
      preparative thin-layer chromatography and characterized by UV-spectroscopy. The
      initial decrease in measurable protein content as a result of the denaturation
      was followed by a light increase. The latter was caused by an easier
      accessibility of the hydrophobe protein areas and by hydrolytical splitting of
      the proteins. The same assessment of quality is also valid for the model protein
      (bovine-serum albumin). The addition of glucose causes in both cases an intensive
      reaction between proteins and sugars--the result is in every case an increase in
      browning intensity.

PMID- 3393209
TI  - [Chemistry of swine liver and products of liver processing. 3. The Maillard
      reaction of a model and of preserved liverwurst].
AB  - The storage life of industrial-made tinned liver sausage has more effect on the
      decrease in glucose and total carbohydrate content than the corresponding
      sterilisation program. The addition of glucose and casein shows greater effect as
      respects the Maillard-reaction on tinned model than on minced liver.

PMID- 3393211
TI  - Studies on Egyptian cottonseeds: fatty acid-composition and protein patterns.
AB  - Fourteen Egyptian cottonseed varieties were analysed to study some properties of
      their lipids and proteins. Lipid contents of the kernels ranged from 29.0 to
      35.1%. The mean value of the iodine number was 110.9. The tested varieties showed
      little or no differences regarding to their fatty acid content. A slight higher
      proportion of linoleic acid was recorded for the triglycerides whereas the polar
      lipids components contained a lower amount of this fatty acids compared to that
      found in the total lipids. Protein contents in the examined varieties ranged from
      32.3 to 37.9%. The amount of water-soluble protein ranged from 12.8 to 23.0% of
      the total protein. An almost complete recovery (94.5-100%) of the total protein
      was yielded when the extraction was performed with 0.02 N NaOH instead of water.
      The electrophoretic patterns of the water-soluble proteins gave only two bands,
      having a molecular weight between 14,000 and 25,000 dalton. A clear
      differentiation between the varieties was noticed when the alkaline soluble
      protein extracts were subjected to electrophoresis. Accordingly, the examined
      varieties were classified into five groups each of them having a similar
      spectrum.

PMID- 3393210
TI  - Effect of protein quality on weight and composition of the carcass in pregnant
      and non pregnant rats.
AB  - The effect of diets with different protein qualities on net weight and on the
      composition of the carcass (the animal being skinned and gutted) were studied in
      pregnant and non-pregnant rats of the Wistar breed. The animals were fed with
      diets containing the following protein sources: casein + 5% DL-methionine, beans
      and a mix of beans and wheat, all with a protein level of 14%. Percentage weight
      gains in the carcass were in all cases greater in non-gestating animals than in
      gestating animals. The water content of the body was similar in all the groups
      tested. The quality of protein did not affect nitrogen content; however, a
      smaller proportion of nitrogen was observed in gestating animals than in non
      gestating animals. With respect to fat content of the carcass, a greater quantity
      of fat was observed in the bodies of gestating rats than in non-gestating rats,
      which was only significant in the case of the bean-wheat mix diet. Within each
      group of gestating and non-gestating rats, there was a greater quantity of fat in
      those animals fed with casein.

PMID- 3393213
TI  - [The nitrate and nitrite content of human milk].

PMID- 3393214
TI  - [A cry for help].

PMID- 3393212
TI  - [The effect of ethylenethiurea on hematopoesis in rats].
AB  - The influence of single and repeated oral administration of ethylenethiourea
      (ETU) on hematologic parameters of the peripheral blood and the bone marrow was
      studied in male and female rats. Effects of single treatment on the erythrocytic
      system were initially indicated by increase in red blood cell count, hemoglobin
      concentration and hematocrit of the peripheral blood. The initial polyglobulia
      was followed by a decrease in the blood hemoglobin concentration and the number
      of erythroblasts of the bone marrow. Continuous administration of ETU resulted in
      hyporegenerative anemia. The white blood picture showed leukopenia after single
      and continuous administration of the substance. This effect resulted from a
      decline in lymphocyte numbers which occurred both in the peripheral blood and in
      the bone marrow. The hematologic changes were induced with 50 mg ETU/kg body
      weight and more using single treatment and 600 ppm (= 70 mg ETU/kg body weight)
      and more under dietary administration.

PMID- 3393215
TI  - Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever. A protocol for control and containment in a
      health care facility--Part 1.

PMID- 3393216
TI  - [Role-playing].

PMID- 3393217
TI  - Improving the quality of life in old age.

PMID- 3393218
TI  - The new "buzz" word. What is quality and how can we ensure quality care in
      nursing?

PMID- 3393219
TI  - Changes in the philosophy of nursing education in the United States.

PMID- 3393220
TI  - Biological weapons research opposed.

PMID- 3393221
TI  - Congress provides a rundown on US biotechnology.

PMID- 3393222
TI  - RNA translation. Picornaviruses break the rules.

PMID- 3393223
TI  - Improved stability for biological nomenclature.

PMID- 3393224
TI  - Retrospective determination of radon in houses.
AB  - In the 1970s it was statistically proved that exposure to radon daughter products
      caused lung cancer in miners. High concentrations of radon daughters have since
      been found in houses. Any epidemiological radon study begun today is hampered
      because relevant exposure data are difficult to obtain owing to the long latency
      period between exposure and tumour manifestation. Here I present a method for
      measuring cumulative radon daughter levels, which takes advantage of the fact
      that the first long-lived radon daughter (210Pb, half-life 22 yr) becomes firmly
      attached to glass surfaces in a house. By measuring the surface activity
      concentration of the alpha-emitter 210Po, the time-integrated radon, or radon
      daughter, concentration can be estimated. Thus, indoor glass can act as a long
      term retrospective or prospective exposure meter for radon in dwellings.

PMID- 3393225
TI  - Mineral nutrition and spatial concentrations of African ungulates.
AB  - Africa's abundant large herbivores are very heterogeneously distributed, both
      geographically and regionally. Within a region, some localities contain dense
      animal concentrations although areas nearby may be virtually unoccupied. Mixed
      species herds are a conspicuous feature of areas where animals concentrate. The
      prevailing explanations of local distributional concentrations are (1) that
      different herbivore species facilitate each other's foraging, and (2) that
      animals are protected from predation by both intraspecific and interspecific
      association. If facilitation of grazing were an overriding factor, mixed species
      herds should move extensively with localized rain showers to obtain the greatest
      forage yield. If predation were the major factor influencing animal densities and
      distributions, rapid, unpredictable spatial movements would further reduce
      predation. But because resident, non-migratory species tend to occupy home ranges
      that are stable over time, neither of these hypotheses is totally compelling.
      Because tropical forages are of lower quality than temperate ones and are often
      chronically deficient in mineral elements, I tested the hypothesis that areas
      where animals concentrate are localities supporting forages of higher mineral
      content. I report here that the mineral content of foods is an important
      determinant of the spatial distributions of animals within the Serengeti National
      Park, Tanzania. Based on ecological critieria, magnesium, sodium and phosphorus
      appear particularly important.

PMID- 3393226
TI  - An inositol tetrakisphosphate-containing phospholipid in activated neutrophils.
AB  - Inositol (1,4,5)triphosphate (InsP3) and tetrakisphosphate (InsP4) have been
      observed in a variety of cell types and have been proposed to play roles in the
      receptor-mediated rise in intracellular Ca2+ (refs 2, 3). Recently, they have
      been shown to act synergistically in the activation of a Ca2+-dependent K+
      channel in lacrimal acinar cells. InsP3 is the product of phospholipase C (PLC)
      action on phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdInsP2) whereas InsP4 is
      believed to arise from phosphorylation of InsP3 by a cytosolic kinase. Although
      sought as a source for InsP4, PtdInsP3 has not been identified in any specific
      cell type. There were early reports of InsP4-containing phospholipids in crude
      extract from bovine brain, but this finding was later withdrawn. Recently,
      however, a membrane-bound enzyme (Type 1 PI kinase) which adds phosphate onto the
      3 position of inositol phospholipids has been identified and the
      phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PtdIns(3)P) product characterized. This
      suggests that several forms of phosphoinositides may exist and could be
      precursors for some of the variety of soluble inositol phosphate products which
      have been reported in recent years. Here we report the appearance of another
      novel phosphoinositide containing four phosphates, phosphatidylinositol
      trisphosphate (PtdInsP3) which we find only in activated but not in unstimulated
      neutrophils from human donors.

PMID- 3393227
TI  - New features of microtubule behaviour observed in vivo.
AB  - The microtubule cytoskeleton is thought to be intimately involved in generating
      and maintaining cell polarity and can generate many different morphological
      structures from a few structural elements. The mechanism by which these
      structures are generated has been partially elucidated from studies of
      microtubule polymerization both in vitro and in vivo. Microtubules in vitro exist
      in growing (polymerizing) and shrinking (depolymerizing) populations that
      interconvert infrequently. This behaviour, termed dynamic instability, permits
      microtubules in the cell rapidly to explore different arrangements and allows
      selective stabilization of specific morphologies. To investigate the regulation
      of these processes, we have implemented techniques for direct observation of
      fluorescently labelled microtubules and developed them to observe the dynamic
      behaviour of individual microtubules in single living cells. Sammak and Borisy
      recently used this technique to show that the dynamics of microtubules in
      fibroblasts is explained by dynamic instability. Although we also conclude here
      that dynamic instability explains much of microtubule behaviour in vivo, we find
      significant deviations from the properties of tubulin in vitro. These results
      suggest that local cytoplasmic factors strongly influence microtubule dynamics;
      such control has important implications for cellular morphogenesis.

PMID- 3393228
TI  - Formation of parallel four-stranded complexes by guanine-rich motifs in DNA and
      its implications for meiosis.
AB  - We have discovered that single-stranded DNA containing short guanine-rich motifs
      will self-associate at physiological salt concentrations to make four-stranded
      structures in which the strands run in parallel fashion. We believe these
      complexes are held together by guanines bonded to each other by Hoogsteen
      pairing. Such guanine-rich sequences occur in immunoglobulin switch regions, in
      gene promoters, and in chromosomal telomeres. We speculate that this self
      recognition of guanine-rich motifs of DNA serves to bring together, and to zipper
      up in register, the four homologous chromatids during meiosis.

PMID- 3393229
TI  - Chiral muscarinic agonists possessing a 1,3-oxathiolane nucleus: enantio- and
      tissue-selectivity on isolated preparations of guinea-pig ileum and atria and of
      rat urinary bladder.
AB  - Racemate and corresponding enantiomers of muscarinic agonists carrying a 1,3
      oxathiolane nucleus were studied on isolated preparations of guinea-pig ileum and
      atria and of rat urinary bladder. The efficacy of these agonists were determined
      according to the method of Furchgott and Bursztyn (1967) and enantio-selectivity
      and tissue-selectivity were investigated. The enantio-selectivities of the most
      potent compounds studied (expressed as the ratio of potencies or affinities of
      the enantiomers) vary significantly from tissue to tissue, supporting the view
      that M2 receptors are not homogeneous. In particular, the data all indicate that
      the ileal receptors are different to the atrial and bladder ones.

PMID- 3393230
TI  - Effect of chronic deuterated and non-deuterated phenelzine on rat brain
      monoamines and monoamine oxidase.
AB  - The effects of phenelzine and 1,1-dideuterophenelzine (0.5 or 2.5 mg/kg/day)
      administered s.c. via miniosmotic pumps for 13 days were compared. Striatal
      levels of p-tryrosine and tryptophan were unaffected by either treatment. The
      concentrations of DOPAC, HVA and 5-HIAA were dose-dependently decreased by
      phenelzine and deuterated phenelzine; furthermore, the deuterated compound
      decreased the amounts of these acids more than the same dose of phenelzine.
      Dopamine levels were increased by a rather small amount by all drug treatments;
      no effects of drug dose or drug type (deuterated or nondeuterated) were observed.
      With the exception of phenylethylamine, qualitatively similar effects were found
      with all other amines measured; their amounts were increased dose-dependently and
      the effects of deuterated phenelzine were greater than those of phenelzine. Rat
      cerebral MAO activity was inhibited dose-dependently by phenelzine and by
      deuterated phenelzine. Type A MAO was inhibited more than type B, and deuterated
      phenelzine inhibited both types more than did phenelzine. The present study shows
      that the efficacy of phenelzine was increased about 5-fold by deuteration, that
      deuterated phenelzine increased tryptamine, m-tyramine and p-tyramine levels much
      more than it did the other monoamines, that phenylethylamine levels were least
      affected by the drug treatments, and that deuterated phenelzine inhibited MAO
      more than did phenelzine.

PMID- 3393231
TI  - The measurement of the release of endogenous GABA from rat brain slices by liquid
      chromatography with electrochemical detection.
AB  - A method for the determination of GABA by derivatization with 2,4,6
      trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid and subsequent separation and quantitation by HPLC
      with electrochemical detection was characterized with respect to specificity,
      reproducibility and sensitivity. No other amino acid occurring in significant
      amounts in the brain was found to interfere; however, adequate separation of the
      derivatives of GABA and tryptophan must be carefully checked in each experiment.
      The sensitivity of the method is essentially determined by baseline noise, which
      mainly depends on the quality of the HPLC pump; under our conditions, it was
      about 2 ng/ml analyte. The coefficients of variation determined at two different
      concentrations relevant for the subsequent experiments were well below 10%. The
      method proved useful for the assessment of endogenous release of GABA from
      superfused rat cortical slices by electrical stimulation, which, in contrast to
      the basal release, was found to be completely calcium-dependent at stimulation
      frequencies of 5 and 12 Hz, under our conditions. Both stimulated and basal
      release of GABA was enhanced 4-5-fold by the inhibitor of GABA uptake, SK&F 89976
      (10 microM).

PMID- 3393232
TI  - Effects of gadolinium and cadmium on the electrically evoked release of 45calcium
      from the isolated rat neurohypophysis.
AB  - Isolated neural lobes of the rat pituitary gland were fixed by their stalks to a
      platinum wire electrode. They were loaded with 45calcium and then superfused with
      radioactivity-free Krebs-solution. The efflux of 45calcium into the superfusion
      medium was determined. After 54-60 min of superfusion the spontaneous outflow of
      45calcium was 2.03%/min of the tissue 45calcium. It was not affected by cadmium
      (Cd2+, 0.03-3 mmol/l), but reduced by 40% in the presence of 1 mmol/l gadolinium
      (Gd3+). Electrical stimulation with pulses of 15 Hz (3 times for 1 min with
      intervals of 1 min) evoked a 45calcium release of 14.4% of the tissue
      radioactivity. The evoked release of 45calcium was reduced by 80% in the presence
      of tetrodotoxin and by about 50% in the presence of gallopamil (D600, 30 mumol/l)
      or after omission of unlabelled calcium from the superfusion medium. Gd3+
      concentration-dependently reduced the evoked release by maximally 75% at 3
      mmol/l. However, it inhibited the evoked release of 45calcium less effectively
      than the release of vasopressin evoked by identical stimulation conditions. Cd2+
      reduced the evoked release by maximally 55% at 300 mumol/l. The effect of Cd2+ on
      the evoked release of vasopressin was not tested because Cd2+ markedly increased
      the spontaneous outflow of vasopressin. When the stimulation was carried out for
      only 1 min at 15 Hz (i.e. 900 pulses) the evoked release of 45calcium was 10.6%
      of the tissue 45calcium and 100 mumol/l Cd2+ or 300 mumol/l Gd3+ caused a
      reduction of the evoked release similar to that observed when 3 periods of
      stimulation were applied.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3393233
TI  - On electrophysiological responses to phorbol esters which stimulate protein
      kinase C in rabbit sino-atrial node cells.
AB  - Effects of phorbol esters on spontaneously beating rabbit sino-atrial (SA) node
      cells were investigated by means of voltage clamp technique. In a small SA node
      specimen, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) 10(-7) mol/l lengthened the
      cycle length (CL) and at over 3 X 10(-7) mol/l prolonged the action potential
      duration (APD). Action potential amplitude (APA), maximum diastolic potential
      (MDP) and maximum rate of rise (Vmax) were unaffected. Amiloride 10(-3) mol/l, an
      inhibitor of Na+-H+ exchange, did not reverse the phorbol ester-induced effects.
      In voltage-clamp experiments, TPA 1-10 X 10(-7) mol/l slightly increased the slow
      inward current (Isi) and the time-dependent inward current (Ih) which activates
      during hyperpolarization. The outward current and the tail current were reduced,
      although the activation curve was not shifted along the voltage axis. In the
      presence of 10(-7) mol/l isoprenaline, TPA produced dysrhythmia and a transient
      inward current in voltage-clamp experiments. In the presence of 5 X 10(-5) mol/l
      phenylephrine or 2 X 10(-6) mol/l acetylcholine, TPA also elicited dysrhythmia. 4
      beta-phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate (PBD) induced similar electrophysiological effects
      as TPA, but 4-alpha-phorbol-12,13-didecanoate (PDD) never did so even in the
      presence of isoprenaline. These results suggest that TPA and PDB might mobilize
      intracellular Ca2+ via protein kinase C activation in the presence of
      isoprenaline, phenylephrine or acetylcholine, resulting in dysrhythmia due to
      delayed afterdepolarization.

PMID- 3393234
TI  - Effects of the novel antiarrhythmic compound TR 2985 (ropitoin) on action
      potentials of different mammalian cardiac tissues.
AB  - Ropitoin (TR 2985) is a novel antiarrhythmic drug. In the present work we have
      found that the main effect of the compound on the normal action potential of
      different cardiac tissues, guinea-pig atrial and ventricular muscle (1-3
      mumol/l), and dog Purkinje fibres (0.5-1.0 mumol/l) was a depression of the
      maximum upstroke velocity. This effect was dependent on the frequency of
      stimulation, being stronger at higher frequencies. In the presence of the drug (3
      mumol/l), we observed a shift of 9 mV of the resting membrane potential-maximum
      upstroke velocity relationship to more negative potentials. Under control
      conditions recovery from inactivation of maximum upstroke velocity was complete
      in less than 200 ms. Ropitoin induced a very slow component of recovery of the
      maximum upstroke velocity, explaining the frequency-dependent effects of the
      drug. The slow recovery of the maximum upstroke velocity induced by ropitoin was
      dependent on the membrane potential being faster at a more hyperpolarized
      membrane potential. The time course of the recovery was also dependent on pH;
      acidosis slowed it considerably. Ropitoin increased action potential duration of
      atrial muscle at 20% and 90% of repolarization. In contrast, the compound
      shortened action potential duration of ventricular muscle at 20% and 90% of
      repolarization, and dog Purkinje fibres at 50% and 90% of repolarization. In
      addition, ropitoin (1-3 mumol/l) depressed guinea-pig ventricular slow action
      potentials. This effect was the stronger the higher the stimulation frequency.

PMID- 3393237
TI  - Life-sustaining technologies in the elderly.

PMID- 3393236
TI  - Enhancement of muscle blood cell flux and pO2 by cromakalim (BRL 34915) and other
      compounds enhancing membrane K+ conductance, but not by Ca2+ antagonists or
      hydralazine, in an animal model of occlusive arterial disease.
AB  - The effect of Ca2+ antagonists, hydralazine and agents which enhance membrane K+
      conductance (cromakalim, pinacidil and nicorandil) in smooth muscle cells, was
      compared on normal and hypoxic skeletal muscle blood cell flux and pO2. The K+
      conductance enhancers and verapamil, diltiazem and nifedipine increased blood
      cell flux in normally perfused muscle. At equieffective blood pressure lowering
      dosages, the Ca2+ antagonists produced greater increases than the K+ channel
      openers. Hydralazine did not elevate blood cell flux in the normal muscle. In
      hypoxic skeletal muscle, the K+ conductance enhancers produced a marked increase
      in blood cell flux and in tissue oxygen tension, indicating that they had
      increased the nutritive blood flow in the muscle. The Ca2+ antagonists and
      hydralazine either did not change hypoxic muscle blood cell flux and pO2 or
      reduced them. The dissimilarity in the activity of the compounds may be due to
      differences in their site of action in the vascular bed. Ca2+ antagonists and
      hydralazine are known to reduce arteriolar vessel resistance and do not increase
      blood flow in hypoxic skeletal muscle. The positive effect of cromakalim,
      pinacidil and nicorandil may be due to relaxant activity on larger arterial blood
      vessels including collaterals. This effect could be related to their ability to
      enhance membrane K+ conductance in vascular smooth muscle cells.

PMID- 3393235
TI  - Effects of Ca2+ channel antagonists and ryanodine on H1-receptor mediated
      electromechanical response to histamine in guinea-pig left atria.
AB  - Effects of organic Ca2+ channel antagonists, Ni2+ and ryanodine on the
      electrophysiological and positive inotropic responses to histamine were examined
      in isolated guinea-pig left atria. Histamine increased force of contraction,
      prolonged action potential duration (APD) and hyperpolarized the membrane in a
      concentration-dependent manner. Histamine at a concentration of 1 mumol/l
      produced a dual-component positive inotropic response composed of an initial
      increasing phase (initial component) and a second and late developing, greater
      positive inotropic phase (second component), whereas causing monophasic changes
      in APD and resting potential. The electrophysiological and dual-component
      positive inotropic effects induced by histamine were antagonized by
      chlorpheniramine (1 mumol/l) but not by cimetidine (10 mumol/l), indicating that
      both effects are exclusively mediated by H1-receptors. The positive inotropic
      response to 1 mumol/l histamine was changed by the pretreatment with nifedipine
      (1 mumol/l) and nisoldipine (1 mumol/l). In the presence of these
      dihydropyridines, the second component was almost completely abolished, while the
      initial component was hardly affected. On the other hand, verapamil (3 mumol/l)
      and diltiazem (10 mumol/l) failed to modify the multiphasic inotropic response to
      histamine. None of the Ca2+ channel antagonists affected the histamine-induced
      APD prolongation. In the presence of Ni2+ at a concentration of 0.3 mmol/l, at
      which it produced no negative inotropic action, the second component of the
      positive inotropic effect of histamine was specifically suppressed whereas the
      histamine-induced APD prolongation was unaffected. Preferential attenuation of
      the second component was also observed in the presence of 30 nmol/l
      ryanodine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3393238
TI  - Creating powerful learning environments.

PMID- 3393239
TI  - Leadership in action.

PMID- 3393241
TI  - Lessons, Part I.

PMID- 3393242
TI  - The need-to-know principle.

PMID- 3393240
TI  - Ten attitudes and behaviors necessary to overcome powerlessness.

PMID- 3393243
TI  - A collaborative approach to the nursing shortage in rural areas.

PMID- 3393244
TI  - Making connections--a force for change!

PMID- 3393245
TI  - Genesis of a research committee.

PMID- 3393246
TI  - Preparation for empirical investigation in nursing.

PMID- 3393247
TI  - Surgical management of peptic ulcer disease.

PMID- 3393248
TI  - Microscopic colitis.

PMID- 3393249
TI  - Presacral mass.

PMID- 3393250
TI  - Surgical treatment of pancreatitis associated with pancreas divisum.

PMID- 3393251
TI  - X-ray of the month. Traumatic diaphragmatic hernia.

PMID- 3393252
TI  - Does hGH treatment promote adult height of hypopituitary children?

PMID- 3393253
TI  - Peripheral and axial bone mass in Dutch women. Relationship to age and menopausal
      state.

PMID- 3393254
TI  - Cardiac tamponade caused by influenza B.

PMID- 3393256
TI  - Procollagen III peptide levels in alcoholic liver disease and primary biliary
      cirrhosis.

PMID- 3393255
TI  - An outbreak of legionellosis (Legionella pneumophila subgroup 1) among Dutch
      tourists in Spain.

PMID- 3393257
TI  - [Intrarenal hemodynamics and arterial hypertension. Talk about it or not?].

PMID- 3393258
TI  - [Comparison of renal hemodynamics in 2 types of arterial hypertension, essential
      and renovascular, in man. Physiopathological implications].
AB  - Split renal function tests were studied in 41 patients with unilateral stenosis
      of the main renal artery in comparison with 36 subjects with essential
      hypertension. The two populations were matched for sex, age (39 +/- 10 vs 37 +/-
      11 years (+/- 1 standard deviation) and systemic arterial pressure (193/114 +/-
      29/15 vs 205/110 +/- 30/17 mmHg). The PAH clearance (CPAH) was decreased in
      essential hypertensives. The decrease was similar in the right (160.3 +/- 56.9
      ml/min/m2) and left kidneys (158.7 +/- 45 ml/min/m2). The inulin clearance (Cin)
      was similar in both kidneys (35.2 +/- 12.5 vs 33.6 +/- 11.6 ml/min/m2). In
      addition, in essential hypertensive, CPAH was negatively correlated with blood
      pressure (p less than 0.01). In patients with renal artery stenosis, CPAH of the
      "stenotic" kidney was reduced (91.5 +/- 47.8 ml/min/m2) as well as Cin (22.9 +/-
      9.3 ml/min/m2). In contrast, a significant increase in CPAH (194.1 +/- 63.8
      ml/min/m2) and Cin (47.6 +/- 12.6 ml/min/m2) was observed in the contralateral
      kidney. Kidney function (CPAH and Cin) was not correlated with blood pressure in
      the "stenotic" kidney. CPAH and Cin of the non stenotic kidney were positively
      and significantly correlated with systemic arterial pressure (p less than 0.01).
      Cin was positively correlated with CPAH (p less than 0.001) in all kidneys in
      renovascular or in sustained essential hypertensives. However, in the
      contralateral kidney of renovascular hypertensives, a significant upward
      resetting of the correlation was observed. The Cin/CPAH was increased in the
      stenotic kidney (25.7 +/- 7.6%), as well as in the contralateral kidney (25.6 +/-
      6.2%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3393259
TI  - [French Society of Nephrology. Meeting held on 28 January 1988, Paris.
      Abstracts].

PMID- 3393260
TI  - Tissue taurine content and conjugated bile acid composition of rhesus monkey
      infants fed a human infant soy-protein formula with or without taurine
      supplementation for 3 months.
AB  - The concentrations of taurine in a number of brain regions and in other tissues
      of rhesus monkeys fed a taurine-free human infant formula for 3 months are
      substantially lower than in similar monkeys fed the same formula supplemented
      with taurine. Activities of enzymes involved in taurine biosynthesis were not
      different in the two groups except for liver cysteinesulfinic acid decarboxylase,
      which was greater in the monkeys fed formula alone. There was no difference in
      the biliary bile acid composition, but the proportion of bile acids conjugated
      with taurine was significantly greater in the monkeys fed formula supplemented
      with taurine. These results indicate that the effects of a taurine-deficient diet
      on infant primates are widespread.

PMID- 3393261
TI  - L-carnitine uptake by mouse brain synaptosomal preparations: competitive
      inhibition by GABA.
AB  - The uptake of L-carnitine was characterized in mouse brain synaptosomal
      preparations, with an emphasis on mutual interactions with GABA uptake systems.
      The uptake consisted of nonsaturable diffusion and one saturable energy- and
      sodium-dependent component. GABA, L-DABA and nipecotate were strong and
      hypotaurine and homotaurine moderate inhibitors of the uptake. The inhibition by
      GABA was shown to be competitive. GABA uptake contained two saturable transport
      components, high- and low-affinity. It was most strongly inhibited by nipecotate
      and L-DABA, but also by carnitine and hypotaurine. The high-affinity uptake of
      GABA was competitively inhibited by carnitine, but the inhibition of the low
      affinity uptake of GABA was of the mixed type. The results suggest that GABA and
      carnitine share the same carrier system at synaptosomal membranes. However, GABA
      is the preferred substrate and the carnitine concentrations which significantly
      inhibited GABA uptake exceed the physiological carnitine levels in vivo.

PMID- 3393262
TI  - Evidence to suggest that the spontaneous release of acetylcholine from rat
      hippocampal tissue is carrier-mediated.
AB  - The effect of L- and D-stereoisomers of 2-(4-phenylpiperidino) cyclohexanol (AH
      5183) on the spontaneous release of acetylcholine (ACh) from rat hippocampal
      tissue was studied. L-AH 5183 was approximately 100 times more potent than was D
      AH 5183 in reducing spontaneous ACh release. Spontaneous ACh release was also
      temperature dependent. These results may suggest that the spontaneous release of
      ACh from brain tissue is carrier-mediated.

PMID- 3393264
TI  - Phosphorylation of the neuronal protein kinase C substrate B-50: in vitro assay
      conditions alter sensitivity to ACTH.
AB  - We have explored the hypothesis that changes in the in vitro assay conditions
      alter both the extent of endogenous phosphorylation of B-50 protein in
      synaptosomal plasma membrane (SPM) and also the ability of the neuropeptide, ACTH
      (1-24) to inhibit the phosphorylation of this protein. B-50 phosphorylation is
      influenced by preincubation, pH and ionic strength. ACTH-(1-24)-induced
      inhibition of B-50 phosphorylation varies with ionic strength and SPM protein
      concentration. Reduction of the buffer ionic strength and the SPM protein
      concentration enhances the ability of ACTH-(1-24) to inhibit B-50
      phosphorylation. Furthermore, loss of ACTH-(1-24) by adsorption to plastic
      pipettes and test tubes reduces the peptide concentration in the assay. Addition
      of a low concentration of bovine serum albumin (BSA) essentially eliminates this
      loss without affecting the extent of phosphate incorporation into B-50. These
      data provide an explanation for the relatively high (and variable) IC50 values
      for ACTH-(1-24)-induced inhibition of B-50 phosphorylation reported in the
      literature. Further, these data suggest that in vitro assay conditions must be
      carefully investigated before modulation of protein phosphorylation can
      adequately be studied.

PMID- 3393263
TI  - Protein synthesis rates in rat brain regions and subcellular fractions during
      aging.
AB  - In vivo protein synthesis rates in various brain regions (cerebral cortex,
      cerebellum, hippocampus, hypothalamus, and striatum) of 4-, 12-, and 24-month-old
      rats were examined after injection of a flooding dose of labeled valine. The
      incorporation of labeled valine into proteins of mitochondrial, microsomal, and
      cytosolic fractions from cerebral cortex and cerebellum was also measured. At all
      ages examined, the incorporation rate was 0.5% per hour in cerebral cortex,
      cerebellum, hippocampus, and hypothalamus and 0.4% per hour in striatum. Of the
      subcellular fractions examined, the microsomal proteins were synthesized at the
      highest rate, followed by cytosolic and mitochondrial proteins. The results
      obtained indicate that the average synthesis rate of proteins in the various
      brain regions and subcellular fractions examined is fairly constant and is not
      significantly altered in the 4 to 24-month period of life of rats.

PMID- 3393265
TI  - Spermine binding to subsynaptosomal fractions of rat brain cortex.
AB  - Binding sites for [14C]spermine have been identified in rat brain cortex
      subcellular fractions. The binding, characterized by using synaptosomal
      membranes, is specific for spermine. It was not detected below 20 degrees C and
      increased about three/four-fold with a temperature rise of 10 degrees C. Binding
      occurred only in the presence of -SH reducing agents. It was completely
      suppressed by metal chelating agents, and was stimulated about four-fold by 1-5 x
      10(-5) M Fe2+. Smaller increases were observed in the presence of Mn2+, Ni2+,
      Ca2+, Mg2+, and Zn2+; in contrast, millimolar concentrations of most divalent
      cations inhibited the binding differently (Mn2+ = Ni2+ = Zn2+ = Co2+ much greater
      than Mg2+ greater than Ca2+). Bound radioactive spermine was not displaced by the
      addition of high concentrations of unlabelled polyamine or chelating agents, nor
      by precipitation and washing of the membranes with 10 percent trichloroacetic
      acid, or by boiling of the precipitate in the presence of 1.0 percent SDS and 10
      percent beta-mercaptoethanol. The trichloroacetic acid precipitate showed two
      radioactive bands, corresponding to low Mr (less than 8,000) components, after
      SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and fluorography. The Fe2+-stimulated
      [14C]spermine binding was neither influenced by a previous heating of the
      membranes at 100 degrees C for 30 min nor by trypsin or pronase digestion,
      whereas the heat-treatment increased the binding occurring in the absence of Fe2+
      by about two fold. A non-enzymatic formation of a spermine-metal complex tightly
      bound to some membrane peptide(s) is suggested.

PMID- 3393266
TI  - Do vanadium ions exert any specific effect on brain protein phosphorylation.
AB  - It has been shown previously (1) that vanadate stimulates phosphorylation of the
      overall proteins from the synaptic membranes of rat cerebral cortex. The aim of
      the present experiments was to investigate whether the action of vanadate and
      also of vanadyl ions could exert any specific effect on endogenous
      phosphorylation of proteins from subcellular fractions of the rat brain cortex.
      Both vanadate and vanadyl ions stimulate phosphorylation of the overall proteins
      from synaptic membranes and to lesser extent from mitochondria. An attempt was
      made to estimate the contribution of inhibition of ATPase activity to nonspecific
      stimulation of phosphate labeling in the synaptic membrane fraction. A band of Mr
      approx. 37 kDa from synaptic membranes was particularly sensitive to vanadate. In
      mitochondria both vanadate and vanadyl caused a marked, concentration dependent
      inhibition of phosphorylation of a band corresponding to Mr approx. 34 kDa. The
      effect was confined exclusively to the mitochondrial fractions (total, perikaryal
      and two synaptic types). It was absent in all subcellular fractions tested,
      including the nuclear one. Phosphorylation of the mitochondrial 34 kDa band is
      not influenced by cyclic AMP, Ca-calmodulin, shift of pH from 6.6 to 8.1.
      Alkaline hydrolysis removed almost all phosphate-labeled bands of mitochondria,
      including that of 34 kDa.

PMID- 3393267
TI  - Effect of various calcium channel blockers on three different models of limbic
      seizures in rats.
AB  - Voltage-dependent calcium channel-blockers were studied for their ability to
      modulate limbic seizures induced in rats by injection of quinolinic acid and
      kainic acid into the hippocampus or by hippocampal kindling. Flunarizine, at 40
      mg/kg (but not 20 mg/kg), reduced the total number of seizures and total time
      spent in seizures induced by quinolinic acid by 75%; at 60 mg/kg, both parameters
      were reduced more than 90%, while at 80 mg/kg seizures induced by kainic acid
      were not affected. Forty and 60 mg/kg of flunarizine protected hippocampal
      kindled rats from fully developed convulsions (Stage 5). Nifedipine, at 20 and 40
      mg/kg, was ineffective on seizures induced by both quinolinate and kainate.
      However, at 20 mg/kg, 57% of the kindled animals were protected from Stage 5 and
      total protection was achieved at 40 mg/kg. Verapamil, at 40 mg/kg, reduced by
      respectively, 88% and 78%, the total number of seizures and the total time spent
      in seizures induced by quinolinic acid, but had no effect on seizures induced by
      kainate and Stage 5 seizures. The results suggest that, while seizures induced by
      kainic acid were refractory to all voltage-dependent calcium channel blockers,
      binding sites affected by flunarizine and verapamil in the brain may selectively
      facilitate ictal activity induced by quinolinic acid. Binding sites for
      dihydropyridine might contribute to the increased hippocampal excitability in
      kindled animals. The role of calcium entry through voltage-dependent calcium
      channels in the occurrence of seizures in these models of limbic epilepsy is
      discussed.

PMID- 3393268
TI  - Differing actions of convulsant and nonconvulsant barbiturates: an
      electrophysiological study in the isolated spinal cord of the rat.
AB  - The effects of various pairs of convulsant and nonconvulsant barbiturates on mono
      and polysynaptic activity were studied in the isolated spinal cord of the
      immature rat, using extracellular recording. The convulsant barbiturates, 5-ethyl
      5-(3-methylbut-2'-enyl) barbituric acid (3M2B), 5-ethyl-5-(1,3-dimethylbut-1'
      enyl) barbituric acid (1,3M1B) and (+)-5-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-5-ethyl barbituric
      acid [(+) DMBB] all increased the monosynaptic reflex at concentrations between 5
      and 50 microM with no change in polysynaptic activity. When the concentration was
      raised to between 100 and 300 microM, however, the convulsants all reduced the
      monosynaptic reflex, thus producing a biphasic dose-response relationship. The
      nonconvulsant barbiturates phenobarbital, 5-ethyl-5-(3-methylbut-1'-enyl)
      barbituric acid (3M1B), amylobarbital (3MB) and (-)-5-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-5-ethyl
      barbituric acid [(-)DMBB] produced only a decrease in mono- and polysynaptic
      reflexes. At concentrations which enhanced the monosynaptic reflex, the responses
      of motoneurones to glycine and eledoisin-related peptide (an analogue of
      substance P) were reduced by (+)DMBB, while 1,3M1B and 3M2B had no significant
      effects upon any of the neurotransmitters tested. At concentrations which
      depressed the monosynaptic reflex, the convulsants all reduced the response to
      glycine whereas the nonconvulsant barbiturates all increased the response to
      GABA. With the exception of phenobarbital, both convulsant and nonconvulsant
      barbiturates produced a direct depolarisation of the presynaptic terminal
      membrane, with only the convulsants producing a depolarisation of the membrane of
      the motoneurone. Using another convulsant barbiturate, 5-(2-cyclohexylideneethyl)
      5-ethyl barbituric acid (CHEB), this direct depolarising action was found to be
      calcium-dependent.

PMID- 3393269
TI  - A comparison of prodrug esters of nipecotic acid.
AB  - The relative ability of the enantiomers of the ethyl and m-nitrophenyl esters of
      nipecotic acid to block convulsions induced by bicuculline and pentylenetetrazol,
      as well as to block the uptake of GABA into whole brain mini-slices, was studied
      in mice. Neither (+)ethyl nipecotate hydrogen tartrate [(+)E.Tartrate], which is
      hydrolyzed to (-)nipecotic acid, nor (-)ethyl nipecotate hydrogen tartrate [(
      )E.Tartrate], which is hydrolyzed to (+)nipecotic acid, provided protection
      against challenge with bicuculline. Both (+)E.Tartrate and (-)ethyl nipecotate
      hydrochloride [(-)E.HCl], which are hydrolyzed to (-)nipecotic acid, blocked
      seizures induced by pentylenetetrazol. However, neither (-)E.Tartrate nor
      (+)ethyl nipecotate hydrochloride [(+)E.HCl], which are hydrolyzed to
      (+)nipecotic acid, provided significant protection against challenge with
      pentylenetetrazol. These results agree with the relative ability of these
      compounds to inhibit the uptake of GABA, where (-)nipecotic acid was more potent
      than (+)nipecotic acid and (+)E.Tartrate was more potent than (-)E.Tartrate. The
      enantiomers of m-nitrophenyl-3-piperidinecarboxylate hydrochloride, (+)MNPC.HCl
      and (-)MNPC.HCl, were almost equi-effective in preventing seizures induced by
      bicuculline. This lack of significant difference in anticonvulsant activity is in
      contrast with the ability to inhibit the uptake of GABA, where (-)MNPC.HCl was
      significantly more potent than (+)MNPC.HCl. Changing the route of administration
      from subcutaneous to intraperitoneal injection reduced the onset of time of the
      peak effect and the anticonvulsant potency of (+/-)MNPC.HCl. Cholinergic effects
      were observed with the administration of (+)E.Tartrate and (-)E.HCl, but not with
      (-)E.Tartrate, (+)E.HCl, (+)MNPC.HCl or (-)MNPC.HCl.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3393270
TI  - An in vitro mature spinal cord preparation from the rat.
AB  - The preparation of an isolated hemisected spinal cord preparation, maintained in
      vitro, from mature (180-300 g body weight) rats is described. Sacral and
      coccygeal segments (S2-Co1) gave consistent ventral root reflexes (DR-VRP) from
      electrical stimulation of dorsal roots. The mean latency and amplitude of the
      fastest component in the ventral root reflex, at 25 degrees C, were 1.6 msec +/-
      0.4 SE mean and 8.2 mV +/- 0.9 SE mean, respectively (28 preparations). This
      component was resistant to the NMDA antagonist, 2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoate
      (AP5) but was depressed markedly by kynurenate. A slow component of the ventral
      root reflex, which was sensitive to AP5 was enhanced and spontaneous AP5
      sensitive synaptic potentials sensitive to AP5 appeared in the absence of
      magnesium ions. The excitant amino acids L-aspartate, L-glutamate, N-methyl-D
      aspartate (NMDA), kainate and quisqualate produced dose-dependent depolarizing
      responses in the ventral roots. The relative depolarizing potencies +/- SE mean
      (N) of NMDA, kainate and quisqualate, relative to L-glutamate = 1, were 96 +/- 30
      (6), 234 +/- 57 (6) and 145 +/- 40 (5), respectively. These properties, apart
      from reduced latency of synaptic responses, are similar to those described
      previously for preparations from immature animals. However, it will be easier
      with the mature preparation to selective activate high and low threshold primary
      afferents.

PMID- 3393271
TI  - Regional brain concentrations of cholecystokinin in the rat: the effects of
      kindled and non-kindled seizures.
AB  - In an attempt to understand the neurochemical basis of kindling, this study
      investigated the effects on brain cholecystokinin (CCK) of amygdaloid kindled and
      non-kindled seizures. Thirteen brain regions were examined in rats sacrificed
      either 24 hr or 3 weeks after the last kindled seizure, or 24 hr after a
      suprathreshold stimulation-induced (non-kindled) seizure; and in sham kindled
      rats. There were no significant differences in CCK immunoreactivity between any
      of these groups. These results do not confirm a previous report of an increase in
      CCK in the hippocampus following amygdaloid kindling in the rat.

PMID- 3393272
TI  - Motor output to lateral rectus in cats during the vestibulo-ocular reflex in
      three-dimensional space.
AB  - The motor output to the lateral rectus eye muscle was studied in decerebrate cats
      with electromyographic recordings and in alert cats with multi-unit and single
      neuron recordings from abducens nucleus. The axis of rotation that produced
      maximal excitation of the lateral rectus was calculated from responses to
      rotations in many different stimulus orientations, and was found to lie near the
      axis of the horizontal semicircular canals, but pitched slightly nose down from
      the canal axis (4.6 degrees). The results from decerebrate and alert cats were in
      agreement. The dynamics of lateral rectus activation were quite similar in all
      planes. Responses at high frequencies were in phase with rotation velocity and
      responses lagged toward position phase as frequency and velocity were decreased.
      Differences in decerebrate cat low frequency responses to rotations with and
      without a sinusoidal gravitational stimulus implicated an otolith input to
      lateral rectus.

PMID- 3393274
TI  - Release of acetylcholinesterase from the guinea-pig cerebellum in vivo.
AB  - In the cerebellum there is scant evidence for cholinergic transmission but a
      large amount of acetylcholinesterase. Although it exists most commonly in a
      membrane-bound form, the release of a soluble form of this enzyme, within the
      cerebrum, has indicated that it may have a novel non-cholinergic role. In order
      to understand why the cerebellum is rich in acetylcholinesterase, the first step
      has been to investigate the possibility of its release in this structure.
      Following unilateral application of a depolarizing concentration of potassium
      ions, there was a large, sustained, calcium-dependent increase in release of
      acetylcholinesterase, specifically in the local cerebellar cortex; a marked
      enhancement of acetylcholinesterase release also occurred in the contralateral
      cerebellum, suggesting that the phenomenon reflected polysynaptic neuronal
      events. Indeed, systemic administration of harmaline, which modifies activity in
      certain cerebellar afferent pathways, induced a significant increase in
      acetylcholinesterase release in the cerebellar cortex. Local administration of
      the cholinomimetic, carbachol, had no effect. It is concluded that
      acetylcholinesterase is released from cerebellar neurons in association with
      physiological events, yet unrelated to cholinergic transmission.

PMID- 3393273
TI  - Interaction between adrenergic fibers and intermediate cholinergic neurons in the
      rat spinal cord: a new double-immunostaining method for correlated light and
      electron microscopic observations.
AB  - Relationships between cholinergic neurons and adrenergic fibers in the
      intermediate region of the rat thoracic spinal cord were examined using a new
      immunohistochemical double-staining method for light and electron microscopic
      observations. Cholinergic neurons were labeled by a monoclonal antibody to
      choline acetyltransferase and stained bluish green by 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl
      beta-D-galactoside reaction products using beta-galactosidase as a marker. On the
      same sections, adrenergic fibers were labeled by a polyclonal antiserum to phenyl
      ethanolamine-N-methyltransferase and stained brown by diaminobenzidine reaction
      products using peroxidase as a marker. After embedding in Epon, the sections were
      examined in the light and electron microscopes. In the light microscope, choline
      acetyltransferase-like immunoreactive cells were seen in the four discrete areas
      of the intermediate region: the principal intermediolateral nucleus, the central
      autonomic nucleus, the intercalated nucleus and the funicular intermediolateral
      nucleus. These cell groups seemed to be connected to each other by their
      processes, and they showed a "ladder-like appearance" as a whole.
      Phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase-like immunoreactive fibers were present
      only along this "ladder-like structure" and were the most rich in the principal
      intermediolateral nucleus. In the electron microscope, some of the choline
      acetyltransferase-like immunoreactive neurons, which were identified by light
      micrographs, were found to receive synaptic inputs from phenylethanolamine-N
      methyltransferase-like immunoreactive boutons in the principal intermediolateral
      nucleus. These findings suggest that the adrenergic axons in the principal
      intermediolateral nucleus directly affect the activity of the cholinergic
      preganglionic sympathetic neurons.

PMID- 3393275
TI  - Enteric neuromuscular junctions: comparison of ultrastructural features in
      different phylogenetic groups.
AB  - The enteric neuromuscular junctions of snail (Helix pomatia), locust (Locusta
      migratoria migratorioides), cockroach (Periplaneta americana), carp (Cyprinus
      carpio) and tench (Tinca tinca) were studied by means of different light and
      electron microscopic methods. The nitroblue tetrazolium staining revealed that
      the myenteric plexuses of the above species are composed of nerve cells, a
      network of varicose nerves and nerve bundles. Instead of highly organized
      ganglia, single neurons or small groups of 2-4 cells are characteristic of the
      invertebrates and fish studied. Catecholaminergic fluorescence induced by
      glyoxylic acid was detected in the muscular layer of the entire alimentary tract
      in snail and the hindgut of tench. Fluorescent nerves and perikarya were frequent
      in the snail gut, while only nerves and no perikarya were found in tench. A close
      contact between enteric muscles and nerves is the most common form of enteric
      neuromuscular junction in both the smooth (i.e. the molluscan and fish gut) and
      the striated (i.e. the insect gut) musculature. The striated musculature (i.e.
      the insect gut, the oesophagus of carp, and the oesophagus, stomach and the
      midgut of tench) also receives a synaptic input. Cytochemical evidence is
      provided of the cholinergic character of fish motor endplates. The
      ultrastructural appearance and vesicle population of certain nerve terminals
      suggest a universal role of aminergic and peptidergic control in gut motility.

PMID- 3393276
TI  - Visualization of non-synaptic release sites in the myenteric plexus of the snail
      Helix pomatia.
AB  - Following conventional glutaraldehyde-osmium tetroxide fixation, a rich myenteric
      plexus was detected in the gastrointestinal tract of the snail Helix pomatia.
      Although hundreds of nerve processes were observed in the extensive myoneural
      neuropil, true synaptic specializations were not recognized in them. In the
      absence of synaptic specializations, tannic acid-Ringer incubation was applied to
      visualize the non-synaptic release sites in the enteric nerve plexus. After
      incubation for 1 h, a great number of exocytosis profiles were recorded at nerve
      muscle contacts, at axoglial connections and in the myoneural neuropil. The
      frequency of occurrence of exocytosis profiles was the same for adrenergic and
      peptidergic fibres. In some gut wall areas, a dense staining of both basal lamina
      and collagen fibres was observed. Invagination of dense basal lamina into the
      omega-shaped profiles of the axolemma led to "false exocytosis" profiles. A
      detailed morphological analysis is needed to distinguish false exocytosis
      profiles from the true transmitter-releasing loci.

PMID- 3393277
TI  - Presynaptic inhibition produced by histamine at nicotinic synapses in enteric
      ganglia.
AB  - Intracellular methods were used to record fast excitatory postsynaptic potentials
      in myenteric neurons of the guinea-pig small intestine in vitro. The excitatory
      postsynaptic potentials were suppressed by hexamethonium, mimicked by
      acetylcholine and assumed to be mediated by nicotinic cholinergic receptors.
      Application of histamine either by addition to the superfusion solution or by
      focal application from fine-tipped pipettes reversibly reduced the amplitude or
      abolished the excitatory postsynaptic potentials. Postsynaptic responses to focal
      application of acetylcholine by pressure ejection from micropipettes were either
      unaffected or were potentiated by histamine. Failure of histamine to affect
      antidromic action potentials excluded a local anesthetic action on the
      presynaptic fibers. Neither 2-methylhistamine nor dimaprit, which are selective
      H1 and H2 agonists respectively, suppressed the excitatory postsynaptic
      potentials when applied in concentrations nearly one hundred times greater than
      the ED50 for histamine. The selective H1 and H2 antagonists, pyrilamine and
      cimetidine did not suppress the inhibitory action of histamine when applied
      separately or in combination. Based on these results, the presynaptic receptors
      involved in this inhibitory mechanism appeared to be of a pharmacologically
      atypical histamine receptor subtype. The putative histamine agonist, N,alpha
      methylhistamine, which has been reported to have high stereoselectivity and
      activity for a receptor subtype classified as H3, potently reduced or abolished
      the excitatory postsynaptic potentials. The ED50 for N,alpha-methylhistamine was
      8.8 nM compared to an ED50 of 220 nM for histamine. Burimamide, a histamine
      antagonist with higher activity at putative H3 receptors than H2 receptors,
      effectively reversed the inhibitory action of histamine on the excitatory
      postsynaptic potentials.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3393278
TI  - Functional lamination in the ganglion cell layer of the macaque's retina.
AB  - Close to the fovea of the primate retina the ganglion cell layer is at its
      maximal thickness and several layers of cells deep. In whole-mount preparations
      in which the ganglion cells had been retrogradely labelled to reveal the
      dendritic trees we have studied the distribution of the different ganglion cell
      types across the depth of the ganglion cell layer. The ganglion cells which
      project to the parvocellular layers (P ganglion cells) are found more vitread
      than those which project to the magnocellular layers (M ganglion cells). The
      cells which project to the midbrain lie in the outer part of the ganglion cell
      layer among the M cells and adjacent to the inner plexiform layer. Within the P
      and M classes of ganglion cell the On-centre cells lie more vitread than the Off
      centre cells. These results are discussed with relation to the proportions of
      different cell types sampled with intraocular recordings from ganglion cells and
      the possible significance for the development of different types of ganglion
      cell.

PMID- 3393279
TI  - The lengths of the fibres of Henle in the retina of macaque monkeys: implications
      for vision.
AB  - In Golgi preparations of retinae from macaque monkeys the lengths of the fibres
      of Henle from photoreceptors, and Muller's fibres were measured. It was shown
      that the lengths of Muller's fibres provide a good estimate of the lengths of
      adjacent fibres of Henle of photoreceptors. The fibres form a radiate pattern
      with respect to the fovea. They are longest at the fovea and their length
      decreases in a systematic way with distance from the fovea. The implications of
      the fibre length are considered with respect to the relationship between the
      ganglion cell distribution and central magnification factors. We show that even
      when the functional offset introduced by the fibres of Henle and by bipolar and
      ganglion cells is taken into account there is not a constant proportional
      relationship between ganglion cells and central magnification factors. The
      representation of the central few degrees of the visual field on the striate
      cortex is greater than would be predicted on the basis of the ganglion cell
      density for the central retina.

PMID- 3393280
TI  - Estradiol influences oxytocin-immunoreactive brain systems.
AB  - The rat brain was examined immunocytochemically for estrogen-dependent changes of
      oxytocin immunoreactivity at the light microscopical level. Ovariectomized rats
      were treated with subcutaneous silastic implants with estradiol, or empty
      implants as controls for 2 days (short term treatment). Another group of rats was
      injected weekly for 2 months with 1 mg estradiol (long term, high dose
      treatment). After perfusion fixation serial Vibratome sections were stained with
      antibodies to oxytocin. In control animals, oxytocin immunoreactive perikarya
      were found in the magnocellular hypothalamic nuclei. Accessory oxytocin neurons
      appeared in various hypothalamic sites: immunostained neuronal processes were
      visible in the preoptic region, the lateral septum, the ventromedial hypothalamus
      and the median eminence. In short term estradiol treated animals, additional
      immunoreactive perikarya could be observed in the septohypothalamic nucleus, the
      lateral subcommissural area, the medial preoptic area, the perifornical region,
      the zona incerta and the ansa lenticularis. An increased number of immunostained
      fibers was found in the lateral septum, the preoptic region, the striatum and the
      amygdala. Animals treated with high doses of estradiol for 2 months showed
      oxytocin immunostaining only in the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei and in
      the median eminence. The distribution of oxytocin immunoreactive neurons in the
      magnocellular nuclei did not change with changing estradiol levels. Physiological
      amounts of estrogen given for 2 days increased the number of oxytocinergic
      neurons visible outside the classical magnocellular nuclei while prolonged, high
      dose estrogen treatment diminished immunostaining in these oxytocinergic systems.

PMID- 3393281
TI  - GABA-containing neurons in the pontine nuclei of rat, cat and monkey. An
      immunocytochemical study.
AB  - Putative GABAergic elements in the pontine nuclei have been studied in the rat,
      cat and two old world monkeys (Macaca mulatta and Papio papio) using an antiserum
      against GABA-glutaraldehyde-protein conjugates and the peroxidase-antiperoxidase
      method. In addition, an antiserum against glutamate decarboxylase has been used
      in the cat. For comparison, Golgi impregnated material from cat and macaque has
      been studied. In all species there is a moderately dense plexus of fibres with
      GABA-like immunoreactivity with only minor regional differences between different
      parts of the pontine nuclei. The number of cell bodies showing GABA-like
      immunoreactivity is, however, strikingly different. Thus, in the rat there are
      very few such neurons. In the cat, they make up about 1% of the total cell
      population, while the corresponding number in the two primate species is about
      5%. The number is consistently somewhat higher in rostral than in caudal parts of
      the pontine nuclei. Numbers in the cat are essentially the same with the
      glutamate decarboxylase antiserum as with the GABA antiserum. The size of GABA
      like immunoreactivity positive somata is very similar in cat, macaque and baboon,
      averaging about 160 micron2 in cross-sectional area. The average cross-sectional
      area of the total neuronal population as measured in adjacent thionin-stained
      sections is about 280 micron2. However, the range of sizes for GABA-like
      immunoreactivity positive cells is wide, so that size alone is not a good
      criterion for their identification. Although their dendritic morphology is
      varied, a significant proportion of GABA-like immunoreactivity positive cells
      have very long and straight dendrites. A few examples were found in the primate
      species of GABA-like immunoreactivity positive cells with processes tentatively
      identified as axons. Such processes could be seen to divide several times. No
      such branching processes could be identified, however, in Golgi impregnated
      material from the same species. In order to determine whether GABA-like
      immunoreactivity positive cells project to the cerebellum, retrograde tracing of
      horseradish peroxidase-wheat germ agglutinin was combined with
      immunocytochemistry. No double labelled cells could be found in the pontine
      nuclei. Comparison of size distribution of retrogradely labelled pontocerebellar
      and GABA-like immunoreactivity positive cell bodies showed a high degree of
      overlap, although the average size of projection neurons and GABA-like
      immunoreactivity positive ones is clearly different.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400
      WORDS)

PMID- 3393283
TI  - Immunocytochemical localization of angiotensinogen in the rat brain.
AB  - The distribution of angiotensinogen-like immunoreactivity in the rat brain was
      investigated using specific antisera against pure rat plasma angiotensinogen in
      conjunction with the sensitive streptavidin-biotin peroxidase method.
      Angiotensinogen antisera were shown by radioimmunoassay and Western blotting to
      recognize angiotensinogen from both rat plasma and cerebrospinal fluid, and to
      cross-react with des-AI-angiotensinogen (100%) but not with angiotensin I and II,
      tetradecapeptide, luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone, rat albumin and
      angiotensinogen from eight other species. Angiotensinogen-like immunoreactivity
      was detected throughout the rat brain in both neuroglia and neurons. The highest
      concentration of neuroglial angiotensinogen-like immunoreactivity was in the
      hypothalamus and preoptic areas, with moderate to heavy concentrations in the
      mesencephalon and myelencephalon. The cerebellum demonstrated neuroglial staining
      in the granular layer and fibre tracts. Very little neuroglial staining was noted
      in the cerebral cortex or olfactory bulbs. Neuronal immunostaining was observed
      throughout the globus pallidus and the caudate putamen, in various parts of the
      thalamus and the supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus. In the midbrain moderate
      immunostaining was observed in periaquaductal central gray, the deep
      mesencephalic nucleus, the inferior colliculus and in scattered cells in the
      anterior mesencephalon. In the medulla, neuronal staining was localized to the
      vestibular nuclei and to other cell bodies mainly in the dorsolateral regions. In
      the cerebellum, staining was noted mainly in the deeper cerebellar nuclei and in
      the Purkinje cells. Immunostaining in the cerebral cortex was localized to the
      cingulate cortex and the primary olfactory cortex. Light staining was present in
      the endopiriform cortex and in scattered neurons adjacent to the external
      capsule. In the olfactory bulbs light neuronal staining was mainly associated
      with the mitral cell layer. The widespread distribution of angiotensinogen-like
      immunoreactivity supports the view that it is synthesized in the central nervous
      system and forms part of a brain renin-angiotensin system. In addition, its
      presence at sites other than those normally associated with the control of blood
      pressure and fluid and electrolyte homeostasis suggests that its involvement may
      not be limited to these regulatory functions.

PMID- 3393282
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies against larval nervous system of Xenopus laevis: their
      specificities and application to analysis of neural development.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies were raised against larval tissues from Xenopus laevis. Two
      of them which bound to neural tissue were examined for their cytological
      specificities by indirect immunofluorescence on larval frozen sections. One of
      the monoclonal antibodies (NM1) had affinity for both neural and muscular
      tissues, while the other (N1) bound exclusively to neural tissue. NM1 was shown
      in the neural tissue to possess a high affinity for the axons from a large
      population of neurons and possibly the radial fibers from ependymal cells as
      well. On the other hand, N1 showed a high specificity for some cellular elements
      other than axons in the white matter, most likely dendrites. For both antibodies,
      binding to cell bodies could not be detected. The spatial and temporal
      distribution of the NM1 and N1 antigens was investigated. In the mid-trunk region
      the NM1 antigen in axons was first detected at stage 29/30, nearly 10 h earlier
      than the N1 antigen (stage 33/34). In a larva at stage 37/38, the axonal NM1
      antigen was distributed throughout the nervous system, whereas the distribution
      of N1 antigen was restricted to the brainstem and the trunk spinal cord. The N1
      antigen-positive area continued expanding rostrocaudally with increasing
      developmental age. The distribution of NM1 and N1 antigens, thus, follows
      patterns which are consistent with the previously shown general patterns of
      neuronal process development; the earlier outgrowth of axons than dendrites, and
      the rostrocaudal gradient in process development. We also examined the two
      monoclonal antibodies in a cell culture system derived from hatching larvae and
      found that cytological specificity was substantially conserved; NM1 possessed
      affinity for both neuronal and muscular cells and N1 bound exclusively to
      neuronal cells, though N1 bound to cell bodies as well as processes in culture.

PMID- 3393284
TI  - Immunological characterization of a membrane glycoprotein of chromaffin granules:
      its presence in endocrine and exocrine tissues.
AB  - A glycoprotein was isolated from detergent solubilized membranes of bovine
      chromaffin granules by high-performance liquid chromatography. Specific antisera
      raised against this glycoprotein reacted in one- and two-dimensional immunoblots
      with a heterogeneous component with a pI of 4.2-4.7 and Mr 100,000. The antiserum
      against bovine glycoprotein II cross-reacted with an analogous component in
      several species. The specific localization of glycoprotein II in chromaffin
      granules was established by density gradient centrifugation followed by
      immunoblotting. The antiserum, as shown by one- and two-dimensional
      immunoblotting, reacted with an analogous antigen in the posterior pituitary, in
      endocrine (anterior pituitary, parathyroid gland) and exocrine (parotid gland,
      pancreas) organs. In the pancreas the protein reacting with the antiserum was
      found in the membranes of zymogen granules. The results demonstrate for the first
      time that secretory vesicles of endocrine and exocrine tissues have at least one
      common antigen, i.e. the glycoprotein II. It seems likely that this protein is
      involved in a basic function common to all secretory vesicles.

PMID- 3393285
TI  - Parasympathetic innervation of cutaneous blood vessels by vasoactive intestinal
      polypeptide-immunoreactive and acetylcholinesterase-positive nerves:
      histochemical and experimental study on rat lower lip.
AB  - The distribution and origin of perivascular acetylcholinesterase-active and
      vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-immunoreactive nerve fibers were studied in the
      rat lower lip by means of acetylcholinesterase histochemistry and vasoactive
      intestinal polypeptide immunohistochemistry. The perivascular nerve fibers
      stained intensely with both histochemical techniques and were widely distributed
      on small arteries and arterioles of the lower lip, especially in the transitional
      zone between the hairy skin and the mucous membrane. The distributions of the two
      types of fibers were very similar and most of them showed overlapping coloration,
      on consecutive staining for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and
      acetylcholinesterase. Both acetylcholinesterase-positive and vasoactive
      intestinal polypeptide-immunoreactive fibers were completely lost on removal of
      the otic ganglion, while they were not affected by sympathetic ganglion removal
      or sensory nerve sectioning. In the otic ganglion, most cells exhibited
      acetylcholinesterase activity, and about 60% of the cells showed light to heavy
      vasoactive intestinal polypeptide immunoreactivity. These findings indicate that
      vessels in the rat lip are innervated by parasympathetic fibers originating from
      the otic ganglion and support the view that vasoactive intestinal polypeptide is
      present in cholinergic neurons. This may suggest the possible control by the
      parasympathetic nervous system of cutaneous blood vessels through vasoactive
      intestinal polypeptide-containing cholinergic neurons, in general or at least in
      the facial area.

PMID- 3393286
TI  - Projections of cholinergic and non-cholinergic neurons of the brainstem core to
      relay and associational thalamic nuclei in the cat and macaque monkey.
AB  - The projections of brainstem core neurons to relay and associational thalamic
      nuclei were studied in the cat and macaque monkey by combining the retrograde
      transport of wheat germ agglutinin conjugated with horseradish peroxidase with
      choline acetyltransferase immunohistochemistry. All major sensory (medial
      geniculate, lateral geniculate, ventrobasal), motor (ventroanterior,
      ventrolateral, ventromedial), associational (mediodorsal, pulvinar, lateral
      posterior) and limbic (anteromedial, anteroventral) thalamic nuclei of the cat
      were found to receive projections from cholinergic neurons located in the
      peribrachial area of the pedunculopontine nucleus and in the laterodorsal
      tegmental nucleus as well as from non-cholinergic neurons in the rostral
      (perirubral) part of the central tegmental mesencephalic field. Specific relay
      nuclei receive less than 10% of their brainstem afferents from non-cholinergic
      neurons located at rostral midbrain levels and receive 85-96% of their brainstem
      innervation from a region at midbrain-pontine junction where the cholinergic
      peribrachial area and laterodorsal tegmental nucleus are maximally developed. Of
      the total number of horseradish peroxidase-positive brainstem neurons seen after
      injections in various specific relay nuclei, the double-labeled (horseradish
      peroxidase + choline acetyltransferase) neurons represent approximately 70-85%.
      Three to eight times more numerous horseradish peroxidase-labeled brainstem cells
      were found after injections in associational (mediodorsal and pulvinar-lateral
      posterior complex) and diffusely cortically-projecting (ventromedial) thalamic
      nuclei of cat than after injections in specific relay nuclei. The striking
      retrograde cell labeling observed after injections in nuclei with associative
      functions and widespread cortical projections was due to massive afferentation
      from non-cholinergic parts of the midbrain and pontine reticular formation, on
      both ipsi- and contralateral sides. After wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish
      peroxidase injections in the associative pulvinar-lateral posterior complex and
      mediodorsal nucleus of Macaca sylvana, 45-50% of horseradish peroxidase-positive
      brainstem peribrachial neurons were also choline acetyltransferase-positive.
      While cells in the medial part of the cholinergic peribrachial area were found to
      project especially towards the pulvinar-lateral posterior nuclear complex in
      monkey, the retrograde cell labeling seen after the mediodorsal injection was
      mostly confined to the lateral part of both dorsal and ventral aspects of the
      peribrachial area.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3393287
TI  - Projections of brainstem core cholinergic and non-cholinergic neurons of cat to
      intralaminar and reticular thalamic nuclei.
AB  - We combined the retrograde transport of wheat germ agglutinin conjugated with
      horseradish peroxidase with choline acetyltransferase immunohistochemistry to
      study the projections of cholinergic and non-cholinergic neurons of the upper
      brainstem core to rostral and caudal intralaminar thalamic nuclei, reticular
      thalamic complex and zona incerta in the cat. After wheat germ agglutinin
      horseradish peroxidase injections in the rostral pole of the reticular thalamic
      nucleus, the distribution and amount of retrogradely labeled brainstem neurons
      were similar to those found after tracer injection in thalamic relay nuclei (see
      preceding paper). After wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase injections
      in the caudal intralaminar centrum medianum-parafascicular complex, rostral
      intralaminar central lateral-paracentral wing, and zona incerta, the numbers of
      retrogradely labeled brainstem neurons were more than three times higher than
      those found after injections in thalamic relay nuclei. The larger numbers of
      horseradish peroxidase-positive brainstem reticular neurons after tracer
      injections in intralaminar or zona incerta injections results from a more
      substantial proportion of labeled neurons in the central tegmental field at
      rostral midbrain (perirubral) levels and in the ventromedial part of the pontine
      reticular formation, ipsi- and contralaterally to the injection site. Of all
      retrogradely labeled neurons in the caudal midbrain core at the level of the
      cholinergic peribrachial area and laterodorsal tegmental nucleus, 45-50% were
      also choline acetyltransferase-positive after the injections into central lateral
      paracentral and reticular nuclei, while only 25% were also choline
      acetyltransferase-positive after the injection into the centrum medianum
      parafascicular complex. These findings are discussed in the light of
      physiological evidence of brainstem cholinergic mechanisms involved in the
      blockade of synchronized oscillations and in activation processes of
      thalamocortical systems.

PMID- 3393288
TI  - The origin of projections from the medullary reticular formation to the spinal
      cord, the diencephalon and the cerebellum at different stages of development in
      the North American opossum: studies using single and double labeling techniques.
AB  - We have employed the retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase alone or
      conjugated to wheat germ agglutinin, to label neurons within the medullary
      reticular formation which project to the spinal cord, the diencephalon and the
      cerebellum at different stages of development in the North American opossum. At
      selected ages, the fluorescent markers Fast Blue and Diamidino Yellow were also
      used in double-labeling experiments to determine if single neurons innervate both
      the spinal cord and diencephalon or the spinal cord and cerebellum, presumably
      via axonal collaterals. The opossum was employed because it is born in a very
      immature state, 12 days after conception, and is thus available for injections at
      early stages of development. At all ages studied, the location of retrograde
      labeling within the medullary reticular formation after spinal, diencephalic or
      cerebellar placements of horseradish peroxidase or its conjugate appeared similar
      to that obtained in the adult animal. Such results suggest that the origin of
      projections from the medullary reticular formation to the areas injected is
      specified early in development. At some ages, however, the labeling density
      appeared greater than in the adult animal. When either Fast Blue or Diamidino
      Yellow was injected into the spinal cord and the other marker was placed into the
      diencephalon at such ages, relatively few neurons of the medullary reticular
      formation were double-labeled. When one marker was injected into the spinal cord
      and the other was placed within the cerebellum, no double-labeled neurons were
      found. These results indicate that at the ages studied, relatively few neurons of
      the medullary reticular formation provide collateral innervation to either the
      spinal cord and diencephalon or the spinal cord and cerebellum. Similar
      conclusions have been reached previously for the adult opossum. We have
      interpreted our results to suggest that the organization of reticular
      projections, at least to the areas injected, may not be shaped by the selective
      elimination of axonal collaterals as in certain other areas of the brain.

PMID- 3393289
TI  - Presence and coexistence of chromogranin A and multiple neuropeptides in Merkel
      cells of mammalian oral mucosa.
AB  - By the use of light microscopic (LM) immunohistochemistry, Merkel cells of the
      mammalian oral mucosa have been examined for the presence and coexistence of some
      neuropeptides and of the neuroendocrine marker chromogranin A (CG-A). Peptide and
      CG-A immunophenotypes of oral Merkel cells were found to vary between species and
      to depend on the developmental stage, as exemplarily revealed in the pig. Oral
      Merkel cells of adult cat, mouse and pig but not those of adult guinea pig
      stained for calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), substance P (SP), vasoactive
      intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI). Pairs of
      adjacent sections alternately stained for SP, CGRP, VIP, PHI or for CG-A revealed
      mutual coexistence of these peptides and of CG-A (if expressed) in individual
      Merkel cells of hard palate, gingiva and buccal mucosa. CG-A immunoreactivity was
      restricted to Merkel cells of cat and pig. In adult pig and cat, a much lower
      number of Merkel cells stained for CG-A and peptide expression was inverse. These
      results indicate that the chemical coding of Merkel cells in mammalian oral
      mucosa is much more complex than previously described and depends on the
      developmental stage.

PMID- 3393290
TI  - A radioimmunohistochemical method for autoradiographic visualization of cell
      antigens using 125I-staphylococcal protein A.
AB  - 125I-Staphylococcal protein A was used to visualize immunoreactive cell antigen
      in rat brain and pituitary by autoradiography. Autoradiograms of rat brain
      sections generated with 125I-protein A were clear and showed low background
      signals. We were able to visualize neural structures containing tyrosine
      hydroxylase or methionine-enkephalin-like immunoreactivities in the brain, and
      vasopressin-like immunoreactivity in the pituitary gland. Our results suggest
      that 125I-protein A can be used for the radioimmunohistochemical visualization of
      cell antigens in tissue sections.

PMID- 3393291
TI  - Expiratory neurones of the rostral medulla: anatomical and functional correlates.
AB  - Intracellular recordings of the activities of 16 bulbar expiratory neurones of
      the rostral medulla were performed in decerebrate cats. Seven of these identified
      neurones were intracellularly injected with horse-radish peroxidase for
      morphological examination. We observed 3 categories of expiratory neurones
      including two pharyngeal motoneurones of the retrofacial nucleus, one with an
      augmenting, the other with a decrementing discharge pattern. Augmenting patterns
      were also observed in neurones ventromedial to the retrofacial nucleus and in
      another located 320 micron from the ventral surface of medulla. Their possible
      functions are discussed in relation to their anatomical location and morphology.

PMID- 3393292
TI  - Electrophysiological evidence for a projection from the arcuate nucleus to the
      supraoptic nucleus.
AB  - The electrical activity of single neurones in the hypothalamic arcuate and
      supraoptic nuclei was recorded in urethane-anaesthetized rats. Stimulus pulses
      applied to the supraoptic nucleus antidromically activated 3 out of 41 cells
      recorded in the ipsilateral arcuate nucleus, confirming that there is a
      projection from the arcuate nucleus to the region of the supraoptic nucleus.
      Stimulation of the arcuate nucleus inhibited 17 out of 19 continuously firing
      (putative oxytocin) supraoptic neurones. Inhibition was followed by a marked post
      stimulus excitation in 12 cells. The responses were not abolished by i.v.
      injection of the opioid antagonist naloxone. Thus at least part of the input to
      the magnocellular oxytocin system that arises from or passes through the arcuate
      nucleus, is not mediated by opioid peptides.

PMID- 3393293
TI  - Neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract with ascending projections to the
      subfornical organ in the rat.
AB  - Thirty-one neurons in the region of the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) were
      antidromically activated by electrical stimulation of the subfornical organ (SFO)
      in male rats under urethane anesthesia. The activity of these identified neurons
      was tested for a response to activation of peripheral baroreceptors, achieved by
      rising arterial blood pressure with an intravenous administration of the alpha
      agonist metaraminol. Of the neurons tested, 17 displayed an increase and 6
      exhibited a reduction in neuronal firing that accompanied a 40- to 60-mmHg
      elevation in mean arterial pressure, while 8 were unresponsive. The results
      suggest that neurons projecting to the SFO in the region of the NTS may be
      important for carrying peripheral baroreceptor information to the SFO.

PMID- 3393294
TI  - Ethanol increases synaptosomal free calcium concentration.
AB  - The effect of ethanol on synaptosomal free calcium concentration [( Ca2+]i) and
      45Ca2+ uptake was studied in vitro. Synaptosomes were prepared from forebrains of
      adult rats and incubated in the presence of ethanol 50-500 mM. [Ca2+]i determined
      by means of the Ca2+-sensitive dye, fura-2, was increased by ethanol in polarized
      and depolarized synaptosomes, whereas 45Ca2+ uptake was decreased. The results
      suggest that ethanol may influence neuronal calcium homeostasis by increasing
      rather than decreasing [Ca2+]i.

PMID- 3393295
TI  - Intracellular responses of rat hippocampal granule cells in vitro to discrete
      applications of norepinephrine.
AB  - In 75% of granule cells responsive to norepinephrine (NE), micropressure
      application of NE near the soma of intracellularly impaled granule cells produced
      membrane depolarizations. Depolarizations were associated with input resistance
      (Rin) increases; their amplitude increased with membrane depolarization; and had
      an equilibrium potential of -84 mV. The beta-adrenoceptor antagonist timolol
      blocked the depolarizations. In 38% of NE-sensitive granule cells, NE produced
      membrane hyperpolarizations. Hyperpolarizations were associated with decreases in
      Rin; increased with membrane depolarization; and reversed at greater than -99 mV.
      In some cells, in which NE was applied at different sites, both depolarizations
      and hyperpolarizations were observed. Both NE responses were observed in low
      Ca2+/high Mg2+ medium, suggesting they are due to direct postsynaptic actions of
      NE on granule cells.

PMID- 3393296
TI  - Evidence that the substantia nigra is a site of action for L-DOPA.
AB  - Rats with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the substantia nigra (SN) were
      challenged with L-DOPA (25 mg/kg, i.p.). One hour later, during the peak of
      rotational behavior, the animals were killed and the striatum and the SN were
      dissected and assayed for dopamine (DA) and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC)
      content. While L-DOPA treatment elevated DA levels in the lesioned striatum by
      only 10%, DA levels in the lesioned SN were completely restored to normal levels.
      DOPAC levels showed similar changes. In order to establish whether the large DA
      increase in the lesioned SN contributed to L-DOPA-induced contralateral circling,
      animals were implanted with chronic in-dwelling cannulas in the lesioned SN.
      Infusion of the DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor carbidopa (5 micrograms in 1
      microliter) 30 min prior to peripheral L-DOPA injection not only reduced
      contralateral circling but reversed the direction of turning 20 min after the L
      DOPA injection. The results are discussed in terms of dopaminergic regulation of
      the striatonigral pathway, their clinical relevance to Parkinson's disease and
      the suggestion that the SN is an important site for the action of L-DOPA.

PMID- 3393297
TI  - Activities of lysosomal enzymes in rabbit brain with experimental neurofibrillary
      changes.
AB  - Rabbits were injected intracerebrally with aluminum salt leading to experimental
      neurofibrillary change formation as a model of Alzheimer neurofibrillary change.
      Eleven days after the injection, the brain tissues were excised from the cortex,
      hippocampus, and cervical region of spinal cord. Five lysosomal enzymes
      (cathepsin D, beta-glucuronidase, acid phosphatase, acid DNase, alkaline DNase)
      were assayed and compared with the control. Cathepsin D, acid DNase and beta
      glucuronidase activities increased significantly in all 3 areas of aluminum
      injected brain. On the other hand, acid phosphatase and alkaline DNase activities
      remained at the same level. The results showed the lysosomal enzymes did not
      change in parallel after aluminum administration, suggesting a role of the
      increased enzymes in the brain with neurofibrillary changes.

PMID- 3393298
TI  - Stimulation of protein phosphorylation in mixed glial cell primary cultures and
      subcultures by the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate.
AB  - Glial cell primary cultures consisting of protoplasmic and fibrous astrocytes,
      oligodendrocytes and progenitor glial cells incubated in medium containing 0.5%
      foetal calf serum and treated with 25 nM 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate
      (TPA) for periods between 15 and 60 min showed a stimulation of protein
      phosphorylation which was most prominent in a polypeptide with a molecular weight
      of about 80,000 Da. Glial subcultures consisting mainly of Type 2 astrocytes,
      oligodendrocytes and progenitor glia showed a similar TPA stimulation of 80,000
      Da protein phosphorylation detectable within 1 min of phorbol ester addition. TPA
      treatment of primary glial cultures led to an enhancement of phospholipid
      turnover but exposure of primary glial cultures to concentrations of TPA up to
      250 nM caused no morphological change in protoplasmic astrocytes. 4-Phorbol (4
      PH) or dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) was without effect on protein phosphorylation or
      lipid turnover in glial cultures.

PMID- 3393299
TI  - Regional brain trace-element studies in Alzheimer's disease.
AB  - Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain trace-element imbalances in the amygdala,
      hippocampus and nucleus basalis of Meynert (nbM) are found in most cases to be
      consistent with those previously reported in samples derived principally from AD
      cerebral cortex (Ehmann et al., 1986). The elevation of mercury in AD nbM, as
      compared to age-matched controls, is the largest trace-element imbalance observed
      to date in AD brain. In addition to the general confirmation of imbalances for
      Cs, Hg, N, Na, P, and Rb noted previously in cerebral cortex samples, imbalances
      for Fe, K, Sc, and Zn were observed in two regions and one region also exhibited
      imbalances for both Co and Se. Persistent imbalances for the univalent cations
      Na, K, Rb and Cs support arguments for a membrane abnormality in AD. The data
      presented here also provide the first comprehensive simultaneous multi-element
      determinations in both control and AD nbM.

PMID- 3393300
TI  - Chronic low-level lead exposure in monkeys does not affect simple reaction time.
AB  - Simple visual reaction time was measured in a group of adult monkeys (Macaca
      fascicularis) dosed continuously with lead from birth onward, and in matched
      controls. Blood lead concentrations had been stable for 6 years at 33
      micrograms/dl at the time of testing. The monkey was required to make contact
      with a stainless steel bar to initiate a trial, and release it at the onset of a
      visual cue. Delays between one and 13 sec were interposed between the initiation
      of the trial and the onset of the cue light in a semi-random manner over the
      course of each session. Reaction times did not differ between groups.
      Reinforcement was then made contingent upon progressively shorter reaction times
      until performance deteriorated to a specified level. Treated monkeys were able to
      respond as rapidly as controls. Simple reaction time proved insensitive to
      impairment by lead exposure, in contrast to other measures of performance tested
      in this group of monkeys.

PMID- 3393301
TI  - Quantitative morphometric analysis of the neurotoxic effects of the excitotoxin,
      ibotenic acid, on the basal forebrain.
AB  - The effects of injections of the excitotoxin, ibotenic acid, into the nucleus
      basalis magnocellularis (NBM) were quantitatively studied. Besides destroying NBM
      neurons, ibotenic acid also produced comparable cell destruction within the
      adjacent medial amygdaloid nucleus and globus pallidus. Since the globus pallidus
      is spared in victims of senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT), although
      the adjacent NBM and amygdala are damaged, these data are not consistent with the
      theory that the damage to the basal forebrain seen in SDAT victims is produced by
      elevated levels of endogenous excitotoxin. These data also question the validity
      of using ibotenic acid-induced NBM lesions as a model of the cholinergic deficit
      in SDAT.

PMID- 3393302
TI  - DFP-induced elevation of strength-duration threshold in hen peripheral nerve.
AB  - Previous research has indicated that organophosphorus agents which induce a
      delayed neuropathy also elevate the strength-duration threshold during the
      progression of the neuropathy. To establish further the correlation between
      strength-duration changes and delayed neuropathy, the purpose of the present
      study was to investigate the biochemical and electrophysiological effects of two
      additional agents: diisopropylflourophosphate (DFP) and phosphonothioc acid,
      methyl-[2-(dimethylamino)-ethyl]O-ethyl ester (VX). DFP-treated hens exhibited
      clinical signs of toxicity at the time of electrophysiologic recording and
      biochemical analysis. DFP treatment also resulted in significantly elevated
      thresholds of the strength-duration curves of both the sciatic and tibial nerves.
      The VX-treated animals exhibited no clinical signs, despite aggressive dosing,
      and there were no significant changes in the electrophysiologic characteristics
      (conduction velocity, relative refractory period, strength-duration threshold) of
      either peripheral nerve. Acetylcholinesterase activities of the brain and
      skeletal muscle were significantly reduced in the VX- and DFP-treated hens,
      whereas creatine phosphokinase activities in these tissues were unaffected. These
      results are consistent with the view that elevation of the strength-duration
      threshold in peripheral nerves is among the earliest indicators of
      organophosphorus-induced delayed neuropathy.

PMID- 3393303
TI  - Selective behavioural impairment after acute intoxication with trimethyltin (TMT)
      in rats.
AB  - A series of experiments was conducted to characterize the long term behavioural
      consequences of acute intoxication with trimethyltin (TMT) (5,6,7, mg/kg p.o.).
      The acute toxicity syndrome, including weight loss, convulsions, irritability and
      hyper-reactivity was confirmed in treated rats. These symptoms subsided to reveal
      marked increases in locomotor activity in a novel environment but no lasting
      effects on consummatory behaviour or sensorimotor integration. Neither two-way
      active avoidance nor passive avoidance learning were impaired by doses of up to 7
      mg/kg p.o. although intertrial activity was elevated in the shuttle box and
      extinction responding was increased. Place navigation in a water maze was
      impaired, particularly at the highest dose of TMT (7 mg/kg p.o.) and when a brief
      training phase (8 trials) was used. Finally, TMT lesioned rats were compared with
      controls on spatial and non-spatial discrimination tasks. Following 7 mg/kg p.o.
      TMT rats were highly impaired on the spatial discrimination but not the non
      spatial discrimination despite the greater difficulty of the latter task.
      Histological studies confirmed the pathological effects of TMT in limbic
      structures, particularly the pyramidal cells of CA1 and CA4, and also revealed
      increased acetylcholinesterase activity within the molecular layer of the dentate
      gyrus. The selective, long term behavioural impairments caused by TMT are
      discussed in the light of their qualitative similarity to the effects of
      hippocampectomy or hippocampal denervation. TMT lesioned rats may provide a
      suitable functional model for the partial hippocampal and temporal lobe pathology
      characteristic of Alzheimer's disease.

PMID- 3393304
TI  - Schedule-controlled behavior in infant and juvenile monkeys exposed to lead from
      birth.
AB  - Monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were dosed orally from birth with 0 or 2000
      micrograms/kg/day of lead as lead acetate. Blood lead concentrations of treated
      monkeys peaked at an average of 115 micrograms/dl by 100 days of age, and
      decreased to a steady state level of 33 micrograms/dl after withdrawal from
      infant formula at 270 days of age. No overt signs of toxicity were observed.
      Beginning at 60 days of age, monkeys were tested on a fixed ratio (FR) schedule
      of reinforcement, followed by a fixed interval (FI) schedule. Infants were tested
      in their home cages for 16 hours each day. When these monkeys reached three years
      of age, performance on a multiple fixed interval-fixed ratio schedule was
      evaluated. Infant performance was characterized by increased FR pause and
      decreased FI pause in the treated monkeys. Juvenile performance of lead-treated
      monkeys was characterized by increased Fl run rate, pause time, and index of
      curvature. Treated monkeys exhibited increased variability of performance both
      within and between sessions on several measures of Fl and FR performance.

PMID- 3393305
TI  - Pyridostigmine-induced decrement in skeletal muscle contracture is not augmented
      by soman.
AB  - Previous studies have reported that pyridostigmine induces a decrement in
      contractile force generated during tetanic stimulation of skeletal muscle.
      Although our studies suggested that pyridostigmine affected release of
      transmitter from the motor nerve terminal, we could not exclude the possibility
      that the drug's action was due to depolarization blockade of the muscle brought
      on by excessive transmitter in the synaptic cleft. The purpose of this study was
      to determine whether the effect of combined treatment with pyridostigmine and an
      irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor (soman) would potentiate the decrement in
      muscle contracture observed with pyridostigmine alone. As reported previously,
      pyridostigmine (25 mg/kg) significantly reduced muscle contracture during tetanic
      stimulation (20-100 Hz), and soman (0.075 mg/kg) increased muscle contracture.
      Combined treatment with pyridostigmine and soman produced a decrease in muscle
      contracture equivalent to the effect of pyridostigmine alone. Since there was no
      evidence of depolarization blockade of the muscle despite aggressive treatment
      with two cholinesterase inhibitors, these results support the view that
      pyridostigmine has a significant presynaptic action to decrease neurotransmitter
      release. This action opposes the drug's inhibition of cholinesterase, and the net
      effect of combined treatment with pyridostigmine and soman is a muscle response
      which is largely unchanged from the effect of pyridostigmine alone.

PMID- 3393307
TI  - Medication errors--storage hazards; extra security.

PMID- 3393306
TI  - Acute ultrastructural alterations induced by soman and hypoxia in rat hippocampal
      CA3 pyramidal neurons.
AB  - The ultrastructural alterations in CA3 pyramidal neurons induced by the
      irreversible organophosphorus anticholinesterase (OP anti-ChE) pinacolyl
      methylphosphonofluoridate (soman) and by hypoxia were examined in rat hippocampal
      slices. During the first 60 min of incubation in control saline, up to 70% of the
      CA3 pyramidal neurons from slices superfused in control saline showed dilated
      cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) or disrupted mitochondria.
      Fewer cells (10%) displayed heterochromatin clumping. With longer incubations
      (180 min), the number of cells showing these characteristics declined. During
      this time, up to 25% of these cells showed indentations in the nuclear envelope.
      Bath application of saline solutions containing 100 nM soman elicited periodic,
      spontaneously occurring epileptiform events in the CA3 subfield and substantially
      reduced (greater than 70%) acetylcholinesterase activity in single slices. The
      most characteristic ultrastructural alteration observed in response to 100 nM
      soman (30- to 60-min exposure) was a time-dependent, irreversible increase (up to
      about 60%) in the number of CA3 pyramidal neurons exhibiting indentations in the
      nuclear envelope. A morphometric analysis revealed a reversible, soman-induced
      decrease in the measured nuclear area. To test the hypothesis that these soman
      induced alterations were related to hypoxic conditions, the fine structure of CA3
      pyramidal neurons was characterized after the control saline was bubbled with
      nitrogen (95% N2, 5% CO2). In contrast to the effects induced by soman, exposure
      to nitrogen (15-180 min) caused dilation of rough ER cisternae, created depleted
      areas within the perikaryon, and produced extensive clumping of heterochromatin.
      In addition, more CA3 pyramidal neurons showed mitochondrial alterations after
      exposure to nitrogen than in control or soman-containing saline. Indentations in
      the nuclear envelope were not observed in response to hypoxia. We concluded that
      the soman-induced morphological alterations seen in vitro were comparable to
      those observed in hippocampi from whole animals exposed to sublethal doses of
      soman. The observations made in this study do not support the hypothesis that the
      acute alterations induced by soman in the fine structure of CA3 pyramidal neurons
      were the consequence of hypoxia.

PMID- 3393308
TI  - Tetany. Action stat!

PMID- 3393309
TI  - 10 golden rules for administering drugs safely (continuing education credit).

PMID- 3393310
TI  - Are nurses prepared to perform i.v. therapy?

PMID- 3393311
TI  - Lessons in living with type II diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 3393312
TI  - Is your type II diabetic patient ready to learn?

PMID- 3393314
TI  - George wasn't ready to die.

PMID- 3393313
TI  - How to use a pain flow sheet effectively.

PMID- 3393315
TI  - Getting the feel of lymph node assessment.

PMID- 3393316
TI  - Managing a draining chest tube--an innovative approach.

PMID- 3393317
TI  - Seven keys to assessing the elderly.

PMID- 3393318
TI  - The dignity of nursing.

PMID- 3393319
TI  - Emergency assessment. Is it an M.I.?

PMID- 3393320
TI  - Caring for Joe.

PMID- 3393321
TI  - The need for support.

PMID- 3393322
TI  - The need for education.

PMID- 3393323
TI  - Stress and nurses.

PMID- 3393324
TI  - The emotional cost of nursing.

PMID- 3393325
TI  - Stress in relatives.

PMID- 3393327
TI  - End stage renal failure.

PMID- 3393326
TI  - Nurse education in India.

PMID- 3393328
TI  - A national study of sudden infant death syndrome in New Zealand.
AB  - Although the sudden infant death syndrome is a major component of New Zealand's
      high postneonatal mortality rate, little is known about its national
      epidemiological patterns. In this paper, based on all cases born during 1981-83,
      the rate of sudden infant death syndrome was 4.2/1000 livebirths. The rate
      declined with maternal age, birthweight, and length of gestation, but increased
      with parity and Registrar-General's social class. Exnuptial and male births were
      also at high risk, as were births to Maori and New Zealand born mothers. There
      was a significant seasonal pattern and a distinct north-south gradient. The rate
      of sudden infant death syndrome in the south of the South Island was almost twice
      that in the north of the North Island. These patterns are, however, similar to
      those of the other preventable causes of postneonatal mortality. Future research
      into New Zealand's postneonatal mortality needs to consider all the possible
      preventable causes of mortality during this period of an infant's life, rather
      than concentrating on only one group of at-risk infants.

PMID- 3393329
TI  - Diet, serum cholesterol and the prevention of coronary heart disease in New
      Zealand.
AB  - A combination of the population strategy and the high risk strategy has been
      recommended for the prevention and control of coronary heart disease in New
      Zealand. In this paper, using data from a variety of sources, we estimate the
      potential relative benefits of these two strategies to reduce the contribution of
      diet and high blood cholesterol to coronary heart disease mortality in New
      Zealand. It is estimated that diet is responsible, at a minimum for between 22%
      (1600 deaths) and 39% (2800 deaths) of the coronary heart disease mortality in
      New Zealand each year. Achievement of the suggested short term dietary goals for
      the New Zealand population would have at least the same benefit as the
      identification and successful treatment of all people in the top 10% of the serum
      cholesterol distribution. This indicates that the population strategy should have
      higher priority in efforts to prevent and control coronary heart disease.
      Decisions concerning the level at which elevated blood cholesterol levels are
      treated pharmacologically will have important logistic and cost implications;
      national guidelines are required for the management of people with high blood
      cholesterol levels.

PMID- 3393331
TI  - Endoscopic management of biliary obstruction.

PMID- 3393330
TI  - Sitosterolaemia and heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia in a three year
      old girl: case report.
AB  - A case of a 3 1/2 year old female child is described in which symptomless
      cutaneous xanthomatosis led to the diagnosis of sitosterolaemia in the presence
      of a defect of low-density lipoprotein uptake by cultured fibroblasts. The
      condition responded to treatment by cholestyramine with normalisation of the
      blood lipid levels. Normal growth and development continued for three years of
      observation.

PMID- 3393332
TI  - Vitamin K prophylaxis in the newborn: a position statement of the Nutrition
      Committee of the Paediatric Society of New Zealand.

PMID- 3393333
TI  - Intracavernosal injection therapy for impotence: preliminary results.
AB  - Intracavernosal injection of vasoactive agents is a new technique for inducing
      penile erection. It has applications in the counselling, diagnosis and treatment
      of sexual dysfunction. Nineteen patients are reviewed representing our initial
      experience with this technique. Thirteen men (68%) achieved a full erection with
      this treatment and a further three (16%) had a partial response. The
      applications, method and complications are discussed.

PMID- 3393334
TI  - Doctor-patient communication: a five year training programme for medical
      students.

PMID- 3393335
TI  - Paediatric admissions to hospital on Niue Island, 1977-1982.
AB  - For the period 1977-1982, hospital records on Niue Island, western Polynesia,
      reveal that a total of 929 children aged 0 to 15 years were admitted. Just over
      half (57%) of these children were male. The majority (62%) were under six years
      of age; one-quarter (25%) were infants. Leading reasons for admission were
      respiratory problems (45%) and gastrointestinal disorders (16%). Under five year
      old males were particularly affected by wheezing bronchitis which accounted for
      nearly half of all respiratory hospitalisations. The majority of admissions for
      digestive disorders were of preschoolage children. As age increased, so reason
      for admission changed from being primarily for respiratory and digestive
      disorders to being more for accidents, musculoskeletal problems, and conditions
      of the skin and subcutaneous tissues. Accidents were the third leading cause of
      admission for males but not for females. Little variation in length of hospital
      stay was found by age, sex or village of origin. The median stay for paediatric
      patients was five days. Longest stays come from accidents, parasitic infections,
      and, for boys, skin and subcutaneous tissue problems.

PMID- 3393337
TI  - Transfer of medical records.

PMID- 3393336
TI  - Reducing hyperlipidaemia.

PMID- 3393338
TI  - Hepatitis survey using antenatal specimens.

PMID- 3393339
TI  - Neuroleptic malignant syndrome and malignant hyperthermia.

PMID- 3393340
TI  - Urine microscopy and culture.

PMID- 3393341
TI  - Law, psychiatry, and morality: sexual exploitation of women in New Zealand.

PMID- 3393342
TI  - Recurrent nocturnal near fatal asthma in a young man.
AB  - A young man who suffered multiple near fatal nocturnal asthmatic attacks,
      including at least three episodes of respiratory arrest, was found to be
      symptomatically unaware of marked increases in airway obstruction, and failed to
      perceive bronchoconstriction induced by methacholine challenge. Intensive
      antiasthma treatment monitored by regular peak expiratory flow measurements
      abolished the nocturnal attacks, which recurred twice when treatment lapsed.
      Patients prone to apparently sudden and life-threatening attacks of asthma may be
      at risk because of failure to perceive steadily worsening asthma.

PMID- 3393343
TI  - Is old age socially created?

PMID- 3393344
TI  - Factors associated with sexual dysfunction following transurethral resection of
      the prostate.
AB  - A retrospective analysis of 62 consecutive potent patients undergoing
      transurethral resection of the prostate is described. Each patient was
      interviewed a minimum of six months following surgery. Potency was retained in
      89% of patients but 57% of these experienced a decrease from their preoperative
      level of function. Three factors were found to be significantly associated with a
      reduction in postoperative potency. These were systemic disease (p less than
      0.001), small prostatic resections (p less than 0.001) and a reduced level of
      potency preoperatively (p less than 0.01). Of those men retaining a degree of
      potency, 90% achieved their first erection within two months of the procedure.
      The full extent of sexual dysfunction following transurethral resection of the
      prostate has not previously been appreciated, nor have the factors associated
      with this dysfunction.

PMID- 3393345
TI  - Accident and emergency department utilisation: a consumer survey.
AB  - A consumer survey of Hutt Hospital A and E department was carried out to
      determine demographic characteristics of attenders, their reasons for attending
      the department and the involvement of the GP in emergency care. Relative to
      population norms, the predominant users were males, aged 15-29 years, and Maoris.
      Ninety-one percent of attenders were registered with a GP, however 28% of these
      were not local practices. Out of hours contact with a GP was successful for 69%.
      Fifty percent of respondents considered the A and E department the most
      appropriate place for seeking treatment, mainly because of x-ray facilities.
      Other reasons given for attending were: availability (24%), accessibility (16%).
      Cost of GP services was a reason in only 9%. The survey indicates a need to
      educate the public on A and E department functions. General practitioners need to
      improve the public's perception of their availability and role in emergency
      service provision.

PMID- 3393346
TI  - Neonatal serum bilirubin measurements in New Zealand.
AB  - Surveys of paediatric bilirubin analyses in New Zealand hospital laboratories in
      1982 and 1986 are described. In both surveys, an unacceptably high
      interlaboratory variation was found. In 1986, two laboratory groups, each with an
      established interlaboratory quality control programme, produced significantly
      better results than those without such a programme. A national interlaboratory
      neonatal bilirubin quality control programme is advocated.

PMID- 3393347
TI  - Ashburn Hall.

PMID- 3393349
TI  - The importance of reducing hyperlipidaemia.

PMID- 3393348
TI  - Hospital utilisation by Maoris and nonMaoris.

PMID- 3393350
TI  - Prescribing costs.

PMID- 3393351
TI  - Induced abortion of a viable fetus.

PMID- 3393352
TI  - Spotted fever case report.

PMID- 3393353
TI  - The encyclical Sollicitudo Rei Socialis and the world of health.

PMID- 3393355
TI  - [Being midwife: a sense of presence].

PMID- 3393354
TI  - [Nurses and midwives in Europe. Going ahead].

PMID- 3393356
TI  - 40 years of efforts in health manpower development. Health personnel for "Health
      for all".

PMID- 3393357
TI  - A cohort study of alkaloidal cocaine ("crack") in pregnancy.
AB  - The recent dramatic increase in the use of alkaloidal cocaine ("crack") has led
      to concern about possible deleterious fetal effects associated with its use
      during pregnancy. Crack, which is not destroyed by heating, can be smoked, and
      delivers a large quantity of cocaine to the vascular bed of the lung, producing
      an effect similar to that from intravenous injection. To describe the association
      of crack use with pregnancy outcome, we conducted a retrospective matched cohort
      study of 55 women who admitted to the use of crack during pregnancy and 55 non
      drug-using women who delivered during the same period. The groups were matched
      for age, parity, socioeconomic status, alcohol use, and presence or absence of
      prenatal care. A significantly larger number of women using crack delivered at 37
      weeks or earlier (50.9 versus 16.4%; P = .001). Crack-exposed infants were 3.6
      times more likely to have intrauterine growth retardation (P less than .006) and
      2.8 times more likely to have a head circumference less than the tenth percentile
      for gestational age (P less than .007). Premature rupture of the membranes was
      1.8 times more common in the crack group (P less than .03). Sixty percent of
      crack-using mothers received no prenatal care. Abnormal neurobehavioral symptoms
      were present in a minority of infants and were usually mild.

PMID- 3393358
TI  - Older maternal age and infant mortality in the United States.
AB  - We used data from the National Infant Mortality Surveillance project to examine
      the effect of older maternal age on infant mortality for the 1980 United States
      birth cohort. The 1,579,854 births and 14,591 deaths of singletons who were black
      or white and whose mothers were 25-49 years of age were included. Direct
      standardization was used to calculate birth-weight-adjusted relative risks of
      neonatal and postneonatal mortality, using the birth weights of infants with
      maternal age 25-29 as the standard. We found that the risk of infant mortality
      was nearly equal for infants born to mothers 25-29 and 30-34 years of age;
      infants born to mothers 35-39 years of age were at a slightly elevated (18%
      higher) risk, and those born to mothers 40-49 years of age were at a much more
      elevated (69% higher) risk. Among whites, the higher neonatal mortality
      associated with a maternal age of 35-39 was mostly due to an increased prevalence
      of low birth weight; among blacks, it was due to higher birth-weight-specific
      risks. Neither white nor black postneonatal mortality risks were much elevated
      until a maternal age of 40-49, and this last elevation was mostly due to higher
      birth-weight-specific risks. These findings suggest that infertility and fetal
      mortality aside, and considering only the effect on infant mortality, it is
      relatively safe for women to postpone childbearing into their middle, and perhaps
      late, thirties.

PMID- 3393359
TI  - Is vaginal birth after two or more cesarean sections safe?
AB  - Fifty-five patients with a history of two or more cesarean sections underwent a
      trial of labor. Forty-two had had previous uterine incisions of unknown type, 11
      had had low cervical transverse incisions, and two had had low vertical
      incisions. Twenty-five women (45%) had successful vaginal deliveries, and 30
      (55%) received oxytocin augmentation of labor. The incidence of vaginal delivery
      was significantly lower in patients who required oxytocin augmentation (30 versus
      64%, P less than .01). Three of the 55 patients had scar separation detected at
      the time of delivery. Two patients underwent hysterectomy. There were no maternal
      or neonatal deaths. A history of multiple cesarean sections need not exclude the
      patient from the option of trial of labor.

PMID- 3393360
TI  - High spontaneous premature labor rate in insulin-dependent diabetic pregnant
      women: an association with poor glycemic control and urogenital infection.
AB  - The incidence of spontaneously occurring premature labor in insulin-dependent
      diabetic pregnancies is unclear, because previous studies have been confounded by
      a high rate of iatrogenic prematurity. The purpose of this study was to
      determine, in a large population of insulin-dependent diabetic pregnant women,
      the rate of spontaneous occurrence of premature labor and the various factors
      that may affect it. We hypothesized a priori that spontaneously occurring
      premature labor occurs at a high rate in insulin-dependent diabetic pregnant
      women, mainly because of poor control of diabetes during pregnancy, and is
      related to the presence of polyhydramnios and hypomagnesemia. One hundred forty
      five insulin-dependent diabetic women undergoing 181 pregnancies were recruited
      since 1978 in an interdisciplinary prospective study. The goals of glucose
      control were a fasting blood glucose less than 100 mg/dL and a 90-minute
      postprandial glucose less than 140 mg/dL. The rate of spontaneous premature
      labor, 31.1%, was significantly higher (P less than .01) than that in a control
      population managed by the same obstetricians in similar clinical settings
      (20.2%). The following variables were not significantly associated with the onset
      of premature labor: maternal age, parity, gravidity, diabetic class according to
      White, presence of renal disease or retinopathy, previous elective abortion,
      chronic hypertension or pregnancy-induced hypertension, cigarette smoking, first
      trimester or post-20 weeks' gestation vaginal bleeding, maternal serum magnesium
      concentration, or polyhydramnios.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3393361
TI  - Pregnancy-induced hypertension and congenital adrenal hypoplasia.
AB  - Adrenal weights and histologic features in an autopsy population of 759 fetuses
      and neonates were correlated with the presence or absence of pregnancy-induced
      hypertension. Hypoplastic fetal adrenals with normal proportions of fetal and
      adult cortical layers (miniature histologic type) had combined adrenal weights
      less than 1 g, and were noted in 11 fetuses and neonates born to 39 mothers with
      pregnancy-induced hypertension, two born to 35 mothers with suggested pregnancy
      induced hypertension, and 45 born to 685 mothers with no pregnancy-induced
      hypertension. Hypoplastic fetal adrenals were associated significantly with
      pregnancy-induced hypertension by chi 2 analysis (P less than .01). When a more
      stringent criterion for fetal adrenal hypoplasia was used (combined adrenal
      weight/body weight ratio of less than 1:1000), five cases were associated with
      pregnancy-induced hypertension, three with suggested pregnancy-induced
      hypertension, and seven with normal maternal blood pressures (P less than .001).
      This study confirms the relationship between pregnancy-induced hypertension and
      reduced fetal adrenal mass. We speculate that reduced production of
      dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate by the small adrenals may be related to maternal
      hypertension.

PMID- 3393362
TI  - A computerized consultation service in reproductive toxicology: summary of the
      first five years.
AB  - A computerized consultation service developed by the Reproductive Toxicology
      Center, Washington, DC, provides summaries of the literature on more than 1300
      chemical and physical agents. During the first five years of operation, the
      service was used to evaluate exposures in 1089 individuals. Only 3% of the
      exposures involved men. Of the 1053 exposed women, 85% were pregnant and 8% were
      planning pregnancy. In this latter group, potentially hazardous exposures were
      reported in 17%. Pregnant women were primarily exposed to medications, although
      exposures to chemicals at work and in the home constituted other important
      sources of inquiries. Excluding ethanol and tobacco, 19% of pregnant women were
      exposed to agents that are known or probable reproductive toxins. Ethanol
      exposure occurred in 27% of the sample and tobacco use was reported in 13%. These
      findings suggest that even women concerned about exposure to agents during
      pregnancy commonly use known or probable reproductive toxins. Physician access to
      reproductive toxicology information and patient education will be necessary to
      reduce these exposures.

PMID- 3393363
TI  - In vitro fertilization success rates: a fraction of the truth.

PMID- 3393365
TI  - Ovulation prediction by monitoring salivary electrical resistance with the CUE
      Fertility Monitor.

PMID- 3393366
TI  - Laboratory comparison of modern vacuum extractors.

PMID- 3393364
TI  - Management of labor with umbilical cord prolapse: a 5-year study.
AB  - Fifty-one cases of cord prolapse, in which delivery was not imminent and the
      fetus was still alive, were managed by filling the bladder with 500-700 mL of
      saline and by intravenous ritodrine. Delivery was by cesarean section as soon as
      possible. Among the cases so managed, there were no perinatal deaths. The mean 5
      minute Apgar score was 9.5, and in only three cases was it less than 7. In eight
      cases, fetal distress continued after treatment, as compared with 33 cases before
      this type of treatment started (P less than .001); no difference was found in the
      outcome between neonates weighing less than or greater than 2500 g.

PMID- 3393367
TI  - Preeclampsia: a review of the role of prostaglandins.

PMID- 3393368
TI  - The eighth-month fetus: classical sources for a modern superstition.

PMID- 3393369
TI  - Controversies in the management of cervical adenocarcinoma.

PMID- 3393370
TI  - Culicoides species associated with livestock in the Stellenbosch area of the
      Western Cape Province, Republic of South Africa (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae).
AB  - A total of 33,564 Culicoides midges was collected in 44 light trap collections
      made at 22 sites in the Stellenbosch area during November 1986. Of the 23 species
      present in these collections 8 were frequently encountered namely, C. magnus, C.
      imicola, Culicoides sp. 49, C. zuluensis, C. gulbenkiani, C. pycnostictus, C.
      distinctipennis and C. nivosus. Although C. magnus was abundant at all trap
      sites, the prevalence of the other species appeared to be affected by the
      proximity of the light trap to different host animals and/or larval habitats.
      Plain-wing species and members of the C. schultzei group were rarely collected.
      The larval habitats of most of the above species were located by the use of tent
      type emergence traps. All these habitats were found on irrigated pastures or
      where drainage water had accumulated. The difference in the requirements of the
      various species was associated with certain factors, such as degree of moisture,
      the type and amount of organic matter present and the particle size of the
      underlying soil. The identity of the blood-meals of 69 individual Culicoides
      belonging to 7 species was determined. The 5 commonest species had all fed on
      cattle and 4 of these on sheep. Two species, C. pycnostictus and C.
      distinctipennis were positive for bird blood.

PMID- 3393371
TI  - Freeze-drying of Aegyptianella pullorum.
AB  - Heparinized whole blood, parasitized with Aegyptianella pullorum, was collected
      from 2 fowls. Buffered lactose peptone (BLP) was added v/v as a stabilizer and
      the mixture lyophilized in 2 ml aliquots after rapid or slow freezing. At
      different stages during the freeze-drying process, as well as after
      lyophilization and reconstitution with 1.8 ml of sterile water, samples were
      taken and injected into pullets. Infectivity was maintained throughout. However,
      the prepatent period was lengthened after freezing and particularly after
      lyophilization when there was some loss of viability.

PMID- 3393372
TI  - The isolation of Campylobacter hyointestinalis from a pig in South Africa.
AB  - The isolation of a strain of Campylobacter hyointestinalis from a piglet is
      described. The animal originated from a farm where another animal showed signs of
      intestinal adenomatosis. The animal from which the isolation was made had
      diarrhoea, and an enteropathogenic Escherichia coli was also isolated. No
      pathological changes indicative of intestinal adenomatosis were detected in this
      animal.

PMID- 3393373
TI  - A survey of Karoo tick paralysis in South Africa.
AB  - Recent research interest in Karoo tick paralysis and its vector. Ixodes
      rubicundus, prompted this survey to determine the economic implications of this
      disease. The survey indicated relatively high losses caused by the condition,
      identified the stock involved and provided data on the incidence of paralysis and
      on the control methods employed. Recommendations are made to institute chemical
      control earlier in the season to attempt better containment of the problem.

PMID- 3393374
TI  - An ultrastructural study of the development of Babesia occultans in the salivary
      glands of adult Hyalomma marginatum rufipes.
AB  - The development of Babesia occultans in the salivary glands of adult Hyalomma
      marginatum rufipes was studied with the electron microscope. Sporogony involved a
      process of multiple fission in which sporozoites formed from the periphery of a
      polymorphous sporont. Different stages of development were found concurrently in
      individual acini as well as within individual acinar cells. Mature sporozoites
      were found on Day 3 post-tick attachment and measures 3.0-3.5 X 1.5 micron. The
      apical complex consisted of a polar ring and 4-6 rhoptries. Micronemes were
      concentrated anteriorly and 1 or 2 spherical bodies were identified in each
      sporozoite. The general pattern of development was similar to that described in
      several other Babesia spp. but distinct morphologic differences were noted.

PMID- 3393375
TI  - [True history of a rejected publication].

PMID- 3393376
TI  - Cost containment forum airs differences.

PMID- 3393377
TI  - Pleasure reading an ill afforded luxury.

PMID- 3393378
TI  - Radon: what should physicians know?

PMID- 3393380
TI  - The educational continuum.

PMID- 3393379
TI  - Intracranial lesions and metastatic tumors.

PMID- 3393381
TI  - Understanding your finances through budgeting.

PMID- 3393382
TI  - Comparison of the protective effect and duration of action of orally administered
      clenbuterol and salbutamol on exercise-induced asthma in children.
AB  - Clenbuterol (C), a long-acting beta 2-selective bronchodilator was compared with
      salbutamol (S) in exercise-induced asthma (EIA) at two premedication time levels.
      Sixteen asthmatic children with EIA living at an altitude of 1,750 m were treated
      with C (0.001 mg/kg) and S (0.12 mg/kg), administered randomly in a double-blind
      cross-over study 90 and 300 minutes before exercise tests of running on a
      treadmill for 6 minutes. Pulmonary functions were evaluated prior to the
      administration of the drugs and immediately before, at the end of, and 2, 5, 10,
      15, 20, and 25 minutes after exercise tests. In the preliminary screening
      exercise test the mean fall of FEV1 was 41.1%, but it was 21.0% and 27.1% after S
      and 21.9% and 19.9% after C administered 90 and 300 min prior to the test,
      respectively. Salbutamol administered 300 minutes before the test was
      statistically less effective than the same drug administered 90 minutes before
      the test or C administered 300 minutes before the test. Therefore, we can
      conclude that clenbuterol provides a more lasting protection than salbutamol in
      EIA.

PMID- 3393383
TI  - Comparison of piperacillin alone versus piperacillin plus tobramycin for
      treatment of respiratory infections in children with cystic fibrosis.
AB  - Seventeen patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and pulmonary exacerbations were
      randomly assigned to two treatment groups: piperacillin 600 mg/kg/day (P), and
      piperacillin 600 mg/kg/day plus tobramycin (PT), in order to determine the safety
      and pharmacokinetics of high-dose piperacillin and whether piperacillin alone was
      effective for the treatment of Pseudomonas infections. The mean half-life of
      piperacillin was 0.54 hours, with a peak concentration of 232 micrograms/ml. No
      differences between P and PT groups were noted in clinical assessment, as judged
      by Shwachman scores, pulmonary function testing, or weight gain. However, during
      the course of treatment, quantitative sputum cultures decreased by greater than
      10(2) colony-forming units in only 5 out of 19 Pseudomonas isolates from the P
      group, compared with 12 of 19 isolates from the PT group (P less than 0.03, Chi
      square). Although emergence of resistance was not seen, one isolate had an
      increase in minimum inhibitory concentration from 8 to 128 micrograms/ml. There
      were no serious adverse reactions to piperacillin; only one patient developed
      fever possibly related to piperacillin. Therapy with high-dose piperacillin was
      safe in children with CF. Treatment with piperacillin alone was less effective
      than combination therapy with gentamicin for reduction in titer of Pseudomonas in
      sputum. However, the role of antimicrobial agents in the treatment of CF remains
      undefined. A double-blind placebo-controlled trial is indicated.

PMID- 3393384
TI  - Airway obstruction and airway wall instability in cystic fibrosis: the isolated
      and combined effect of theophylline and sympathomimetics.
AB  - Multiple aspects of lung function were measured in 17 cystic fibrosis (CF)
      patients on four occasions: without therapy (0); with oral theophylline
      medication (Th); after inhalation of salbutamol (beta 2); and with combined
      medication (Th + beta 2). In addition to routine measurements, partial and
      maximum expiratory flow-volume (MEFV) curves were superimposed, and the flow
      transient equivalent of the MEFV curve was determined. Its volume dimension
      (volume of airway contribution, VACMEFV) partially reflects airway
      distensibility. Changes in airway compressibility--the other consequence of
      airway wall instability--were assessed by observing changes in end-expiratory
      flow rate. Airway resistance, expired volumes, and early expired flow rates, as
      well as VACMEFV improved significantly after beta 2 medication. Mean end
      expiratory flow also increased after beta 2; in two patients, however, it
      decreased significantly, indicating that enhanced airway compression dominated
      over the release of bronchospasm. The alone had only minor effects on lung
      function. Early expired volume and flow rates as well as VACMEFV showed no
      significant difference between beta 2 alone and Th + beta 2; airway resistance
      even decreased significantly with this drug combination. End-expiratory flow
      rate, however, was significantly lower after Th + beta 2 than after beta 2 alone.
      Although theophylline does not alter lung function in most patients with CF,
      sympathomimetics relieve bronchospasm in many, but they enhance airway
      compressibility and thereby decrease peripheral expiratory airflow in
      some.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3393385
TI  - Computer analysis of physical factors affecting the use of the interrupter
      technique in infants.
AB  - The interrupter technique involves measuring pressure changes at the airway
      opening following abrupt interruption of airflow, and relies on rapid
      equilibration of alveolar and airway opening pressures. Following airway
      occlusion one generally sees a rapid change in airway opening pressure, Pinit,
      which reflects the resistive pressure drop across the system, followed by a
      secondary, slower pressure change, Pdif, which reflects the tissue visco-elastic
      properties together with any redistribution of gases occurring between lung units
      at different pressure at the time of interruption. Physical factors in the
      measuring equipment, i.e., the time taken for valve closure and the presence of a
      proximal compliant compartment, can cause errors in the calculation of resistance
      and elastance using the interrupter technique. A computer model was used to
      determine the effects of these factors on the calculation of resistance and
      elastance in normal infants, premature infants, and infants with bronchopulmonary
      dysplasia. The elastance from 25 ml of dead space gas did not introduce
      significant errors into the measurements in any group of infants, but the
      presence of an unsupported upper airway caused errors of up to 245%. Increasing
      valve closure time introduced progressively larger errors into the calculation of
      resistance and elastance. To keep these errors acceptably small, an occlusion
      valve should close in 20 ms or less.

PMID- 3393386
TI  - Postnatal development of rat lung following retarded fetal lung growth.
AB  - Postnatal lung development was examined in rats born with smaller than normal
      lungs after either prenatal exposure to glucocorticoid or to an inhibitor of
      collagen synthesis. At birth, treated animals had lower than normal lung weights,
      lung to body weight ratios, hydroxyproline (HYP) levels, total DNA; and rates of
      DNA synthesis. Rats exposed to steroid showed a rapid recovery in growth during
      the normal postnatal cell proliferative phase from 4 to 11 days, though collagen
      levels did not return to normal until 3 weeks of age. Rats exposed to a prenatal
      proline analog showed a much slower rise in lung weight and total DNA, and these
      levels were still much below normal at 2-3 weeks when the cell proliferation
      phase was completed. Levels of disaturated phosphatidylcholine were significantly
      below normal up to 11 days, whereas total HYP was significantly reduced and less
      fibrillar collagen was seen in the lung throughout the study. The results
      indicate that the smaller but mature lungs at birth after antenatal steroid show
      a growth rebound and quickly become structurally normal. In contrast, inhibition
      of fibroblast growth and collagen deposition produces small lungs at birth, which
      continue to show inhibited growth and development at least up to 3 weeks of age,
      when the cell division phase is over.

PMID- 3393387
TI  - The effects of bilirubin on brain energy metabolism during normoxia and hypoxia:
      an in vitro study using 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
AB  - Available evidence from in vitro studies suggests that the neurotoxic effects of
      bilirubin may be exacerbated by, or even require, additional factors such as
      hypoxia or asphyxia. The aim herein was to use 31P nuclear magnetic resonance
      spectroscopy to study the effects of bilirubin on brain energy metabolism in
      vitro under conditions of normoxia and hypoxia. 31P nuclear magnetic resonance
      spectra were acquired from guinea pig cerebral hemisphere slices during
      superfusion with solutions containing bilirubin and albumin in 5:1 molar ratio.
      The effects of bilirubin at concentrations between 400 nmol/liter and 120
      mumol/liter were studied under normoxic conditions. Bilirubin caused no apparent
      disruption in brain energy metabolism during normoxia. The combined effects of
      bilirubin (40 mumol/liter) and hypoxia were studied. Hypoxia alone led to a
      steady state reduction in the phosphocreatine to inorganic phosphate peak-height
      ratio to 0.30 (0.27-0.32) [mean (range) n = 3]. Bilirubin (40 mumol/liter) in the
      presence of hypoxia caused a further reduction in the phosphocreatine to
      inorganic phosphate ratio to 0.18 (0.17-0.20) [mean (range) n = 3, p less than
      0.01, analysis of variance] which was rapidly reversed on returning to normoxia.
      These results demonstrate that bilirubin at the concentration studied requires
      hypoxia, in addition, to cause a measurable disturbance of brain energy
      metabolism. The nature of this interaction is unknown, but it may reflect the
      effect of intracellular acidosis on bilirubin solubility or the oxygen dependence
      of brain mitochondrial bilirubin oxidase.

PMID- 3393388
TI  - Conjugated versus "free" acidic metabolites of catecholamines in random urine
      samples: significance for the diagnosis of neuroblastoma.
AB  - Random urine samples were obtained from 31 patients with neuroblastoma (newborn
      to 8 yr of age) and from 100 children without this tumor (newborn to 10 yr). The
      urine samples were studied for the presence of sulfate and glucuronide conjugates
      of homovanillic (HVA), dihydroxyphenylacetic, vanilmandelic, and vanillactic
      acids. The urinary concentrations of these acids were determined by capillary gas
      chromatography before and after enzymatic treatment with glucuronidase and
      sulfatase. Concentrations of the "free" fraction and "total" urinary content of
      these acids were determined using the results from untreated and treated urines
      respectively. Age-related reference values were established for children without
      neuroblastoma. Fractions of the total content of urinary HVA (18-39%) and
      dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (36-66%) were excreted as glucuronides and/or sulfates
      by the control group, with the highest conjugated fractions found in the urine of
      young infants (0-3 months). Vanilmandelic was excreted mainly as "free" acid
      (unconjugated), whereas vanillactic acid was undetectable in almost all control
      samples. Patients with neuroblastoma also excreted a fraction of these acids as
      glucuronide and/or sulfate conjugates, (25% of urinary HVA, 39% of
      dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and 45% of vanillactic acid) whereas vanilmandelic
      acid was excreted only as "free" in controls. Determination of "total" rather
      than "free" urinary HVA was diagnostic in one neuroblastoma patient with
      borderline "free" HVA levels, whereas determination of "free" or "total"
      dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and vanillactic acid did not improve the diagnostic
      sensitivity in the cases examined. We conclude that it may be clinically useful
      to determine "total" urinary HVA in patients with borderline "free" HVA levels
      who are suspected of having neuroblastoma.

PMID- 3393390
TI  - Capillary blood cell velocity in full-term infants as determined in skin by
      videophotometric microscopy.
AB  - In order to study the neonatal microcirculation, the capillary hemodynamics in
      skin was investigated in 43 full-term infants 2-7 days after birth. The nailfold
      capillaries of the thumb were visualized by means of television microscopy and
      the capillary blood cell velocity (CBV) was videophotometrically quantified in
      107 microvessels. The skin temperature, mean arterial blood pressure, and heel
      puncture hematocrit were measured simultaneously to evaluate any relation with
      the CBV. The mean CBV in all infants was 0.38 +/- 0.21 mm/s, with a range of 0.04
      to 1.2 mm/s in individual capillaries. There was no correlation between CBV and
      skin temperature (27-33 degrees C), mean arterial blood pressure (44-68 mm Hg),
      or postnatal age. However, a significant correlation was found between the log
      CBV and the skin prick hematocrit (r = -0.64, p less than 0.001). It is concluded
      that the mean CBV during the 1st wk of life is not significantly different from
      the capillary velocity reported in adults. Normal variations in skin temperature
      and mean arterial blood pressure, as well as age differences 2-7 days after
      birth, do not significantly influence the neonatal skin capillary blood flow.
      However, the hematocrit is of major importance for skin capillary perfusion in
      the newborn infant.

PMID- 3393389
TI  - Age-dependent effects of indomethacin on hypoxic vasoconstriction in neonatal
      lamb lungs.
AB  - Although smooth muscle is abundant in the pulmonary vessels of young animals at
      birth, it is not clear if these vessels respond more vigorously to hypoxia than
      the less muscular vessels of older neonates. To determine the effect of age on
      the pulmonary vascular response to hypoxia during the neonatal period in a single
      species, we measured the steady-state stimulus-response relationship between
      inspired oxygen tension (200, 50, 30 and 0 mm Hg) and pulmonary artery pressure
      flow curves in isolated blood perfused lungs from 2- to 4- and 12- to 14-day-old
      lambs. Hypoxic vasoconstriction was attenuated in the younger newborns at an
      inspired oxygen tension of 50 mm Hg, but not at the other oxygen tensions. To
      determine if this age-related difference was due to differences in modulation of
      hypoxic vasoconstriction by cyclooxygenase products, we assayed the metabolite of
      prostacyclin, 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha in the perfusate and determined the
      effects of indomethacin (40 micrograms/ml) on the hypoxic stimulus-response
      relationship. There was no age-related difference in perfusate concentration of 6
      keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha at any oxygen tension. However, indomethacin reversed
      the age-dependent attenuation of hypoxic vasoconstriction at inspired oxygen
      tension = 50 mm Hg such that in indomethacin-treated lungs pulmonary vasomotor
      tone was higher in 2- to 4-day-old lungs than in 12- to 14-day-old lungs. This
      marked enhancement of hypoxic reactivity by indomethacin in the younger lambs
      suggests that in isolated neonatal lamb lungs cyclooxygenase products exerted a
      vasodilatory modulation of hypoxic vasoconstriction that decreased with age.

PMID- 3393391
TI  - Measurement of true calcium absorption in premature infants using intravenous
      46Ca and oral 44Ca.
AB  - We have developed a method for measuring true fractional calcium absorption
      (alpha) in premature infants using two stable isotopes of calcium and tested it
      in seven studies in seven infants (birth weight 1543 +/- 65 g, gestation 32.8 +/-
      7 wk). A total of 7.5 micrograms/kg 46Ca was given as a single intravenous bolus.
      Immediately thereafter 1.25 mg/kg of 44Ca was given in a single gavage feeding of
      standard infant formula (Enfamil). A metabolic isolette was used to obtain 4-h
      collections of urine for 24 h total. 46Ca and 44Ca were measured in urine by
      thermal ionization mass spectroscopy and expressed as the ratio to naturally
      occurring 48Ca. The differences in the 46Ca/48Ca and 44Ca/48Ca ratios from
      natural levels (delta % excess 46Ca and delta % excess 44Ca) were calculated.
      Percent absorption (alpha) equals a constant times cumulative delta % excess
      44Ca/delta % excess 46Ca. The calculation of alpha is independent of urine volume
      or concentration. The delta % excess 46Ca, showed the expected multiexponential
      decline as a function of time, and delta % excess 44Ca usually peaked during a 4-
      to 8-h urine collection. Calculations of alpha using increasingly long sampling
      times showed that a plateau had been reached by 12 h. alpha values calculated
      after 16-24 h in the seven infants at 2 wk of age were 41, 48, 45, 46, 25, 55,
      and 51%. Repeat studies at 3 wk of age were 46, 60, and 54%. These values are
      somewhat higher than net percent calcium absorption values reported for standard
      formula and thus appear very appropriate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3393393
TI  - Long-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency: biochemical studies in
      fibroblasts from three patients.
AB  - We studied fibroblasts from three patients with long-chain acyl-coenzyme A
      dehydrogenase (LCADH) deficiency; siblings H.C. and J.C. had milder clinical
      phenotypes than unrelated patient R-1. In H.C., J.C., and R-1 oxidation of
      [9,10(n)-3H]palmitate was 50, 48, and 28% of control, respectively, with R-1
      having significantly less activity than H.C. and J.C. (p less than 0.05). Assays
      of mitochondrial short-chain and medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenases were
      normal in H.C. and J.C. However, mitochondrial LCADH activities in all three
      ranged from 17 to 21% of control. Flavin adenine dinucleotide addition increased
      LCADH activities in all three to 27-36% of control. In the presence of
      monospecific medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase antiseria, LCADH activity
      decreased 17% in controls, and fell to less than or equal to 11% of control in
      J.C. and R-1. The heterogeneity observed in the [3H]palmitate oxidation studies
      was not explained by differences in LCADH activities under any assay condition.

PMID- 3393392
TI  - Galactose, glucose, and lactate concentrations in the portal venous and arterial
      circulations of newborn lambs after nursing.
AB  - We have used the newborn lamb prepared with chronic indwelling catheters to study
      carbohydrate metabolism in the unstressed, postprandial state. Lambs were fasted
      5 h and then allowed to nurse ad libitum from their mothers for 20 min. Serial
      determinations of whole blood galactose, glucose, and lactate concentration were
      then made from the portal venous and arterial circulations. Portal venous
      galactose concentration increased significantly after milk ingestion, but
      arterial galactose concentration did not increase from baseline unless the portal
      venous galactose concentration exceeded 10-12 mg/dl suggesting a threshold effect
      for hepatic galactose clearance. Glucose concentration increased significantly in
      both circulations with portal venous galactose concentration greater than
      arterial galactose concentration in all cases. Galactose and glucose were
      absorbed from the intestine at approximately equal rates. Lactate was not
      absorbed into the portal venous circulation to any great extent after lactose
      ingestion.

PMID- 3393394
TI  - Substrate utilization by the fetal sheep lung during the last trimester.
AB  - In vivo substrate utilization has not been described for the maturing fetal lung.
      We, therefore, studied pulmonary delivery and use of major fetal substrates in
      six chronically catheterized fetal lambs over 119-141 days gestation. Oxygen,
      glucose, lactate, and alpha-amino nitrogen concentrations were measured in the
      pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein whereas lung blood flow was determined using
      labeled microspheres. We found that lung oxygen availability and use increased
      near term. Oxygen delivery averaged 4960 +/- 480 (SEM) microliters/min and rose
      with fetal age (p less than 0.05); uptake averaged 708 +/- 111 microliters/min
      and increased 93% near term (p less than 0.05). In contrast, glucose availability
      and use fell with gestation. Pulmonary artery glucose decreased with time (p less
      than 0.001), with a mean drop of 5.05 +/- 1.71 mg/dl in individual animals (p
      less than 0.05). Average glucose uptake was 844 +/- 225 micrograms/min and fell
      near term (p less than 0.05). Lactate was produced by the lung at a mean rate of
      534 +/- 176 micrograms/min; this did not change with gestation. Lung amino
      nitrogen availability increased with fetal age. Pulmonary artery amino nitrogen
      rose by 1.35 mg/dl, or 43% (p less than 0.001) and lung delivery of amino
      nitrogen increased (p less than 0.05). The mean pulmonary glucose/O2 ratio was
      1.48 +/- 0.26 and decreased with gestation (p less than 0.05), being less than
      1.0 near term. The glucose-lactate/O2 ratio was 0.67 +/- 0.26, implying that 30%
      of lung oxidative metabolism is still unaccounted for. The alterations in
      delivery of substrates to the lung which were identified may serve as signals for
      pulmonary maturation, inducing the changes in lung metabolism that were found
      near term.

PMID- 3393395
TI  - Phosphate transport by intestinal endoplasmic reticulum during maturation.
AB  - The transport of phosphate into jejunal endoplasmic reticulum vesicles isolated
      from suckling and adolescent rats was investigated using a rapid filtration
      technique. Intestinal endoplasmic reticulum from both ages were enriched with
      NADPH cytochrome-C-reductase whereas other markers for brush border, basolateral,
      mitochondrial, and Golgi apparatus were impoverished. Phosphate uptake
      represented an energy-dependent process as evident by more than 80% decrease in
      uptake values at 0 degrees C compared to 25 degrees C. Phosphate uptake was ATP
      dependent in both age groups, however, mean uptake values were significantly
      greater in suckling rats compared to adolescent rats. pH optimum for uptake was
      7.2 p-Chloromercuribenzoate at 100 microM concentration inhibited phosphate
      uptake by more than 90%. Initial rate of phosphate uptake was linear up to 45 s.
      Kinetics of phosphate uptake at 30 s showed a Km of 0.7 +/- 0.1 and 0.15 +/- 0.1
      suckling and adolescent rats, respectively. Vmax was 1.5 +/- 0.5 and 0.14 +/-
      0.01 nmol/mg protein/30 s for both suckling and adolescent rats, respectively.
      Herein we provide evidence for the first time for the presence of a phosphate
      carrier in intestinal endoplasmic reticulum of rats. Endoplasmic reticulum of
      phosphate uptake was significantly greater in suckling rats compared to
      adolescent rats. This increase in uptake is due to a greater number and activity
      of phosphate carriers in suckling rats.

PMID- 3393397
TI  - Chronic anemia in the newborn lamb: cardiovascular adaptations and comparison to
      chronic hypoxemia.
AB  - The cardiovascular adaptations to chronic anemia were studied in the newborn lamb
      and then compared with the adaptations to chronic hypoxemia. Eight chronically
      instrumented newborn lambs underwent repeat isovolemic exchange transfusions to
      maintain their Hb concentrations at 60% of normal for age. Hemodynamic studies
      were performed twice weekly for 2 wk after which time regional blood flows were
      measured using radionuclide-labeled microspheres. The major compensatory
      responses after 2 wk of anemia were moderate increases in heart rate (229 +/- 20
      versus 187 +/- 15 beats/min) and cardiac output (226 +/- 36 versus 165 +/- 38
      ml/kg/min), an increase in fractional extraction of oxygen (65 versus 40%), and a
      redistribution of regional blood flow. Blood flows to the heart and brain
      increased whereas blood flows to the viscera and carcass did not change. These
      compensatory responses were different from those that occur during chronic
      hypoxemia: specifically, cardiac output did increase, growth was not suppressed,
      and the pattern of redistribution of regional blood flows was different. The
      dissimilar effects of anemia (decreasing systemic oxygen content) versus
      hypoxemia (decreasing systemic oxygen tension) on local tissue receptors and
      peripheral chemoreceptors may account for these differences.

PMID- 3393396
TI  - A comparison of the effectiveness of cysteamine and phosphocysteamine in
      elevating plasma cysteamine concentration and decreasing leukocyte free cystine
      in nephropathic cystinosis.
AB  - Cysteamine (beta-mercaptoethylamine, MEA) is currently used to treat children
      with nephropathic cystinosis. In this study MEA was compared to phosphocysteamine
      (MEAP), a phosphorothioester that tastes and smells better than MEA, with respect
      to its ability to elevate plasma MEA and deplete leukocytes of cystine. Studies
      were performed in six children with nephropathic cystinosis ranging in age from 2
      to 10 yr. After equimolar oral doses of either MEA or MEAP plasma cysteamine was
      determined at various times for 6 h. MEA was determined by sodium borohydride
      reduction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography separation and
      electrochemical detection. Leukocyte cystine was measured before and 1 and 6 h
      after drug administration. Peak plasma MEA was obtained 30 min to 1 h after a
      dose and was not significantly different when MEA (48.6 +/- 10.7, mean +/- SD) or
      MEAP (54.1 +/- 20.2) was given. Significant plasma MEA concentrations were seen
      as early as 15 min after an oral dose, indicating rapid absorption. Analysis of
      vomitus indicated that hydrolysis of the phosphate group of MEAP occurs in the
      stomach. The percent decrease in leukocyte cystine content obtained with MEA
      administration (61.9%) was not significantly different from the decrease observed
      when MEAP was administered (65.3%). MEA and MEAP appear to be equally effective
      in their cystine-depleting properties.

PMID- 3393398
TI  - Impairment of hemodynamics with increasing mean airway pressure during high
      frequency oscillatory ventilation.
AB  - We investigated the effects of changes in mean airway pressure (Paw), oscillatory
      frequency and lung compliance on cardiac output (CO) and pulmonary vascular
      resistance in seven adult cats (3.0 +/- 0.6 kg) during high-frequency oscillatory
      ventilation (HFOV). The cats were anesthetized with chloralose and urethane and
      ventilated with a high-frequency oscillator at Paw of 4, 8, 12, and 16 cm H2O and
      frequencies of 3, 6, 12, 16, and 20 Hz. Saline lavage was used to reduce lung
      compliance. CO was continuously recorded with an electromagnetic flow probe
      placed around the aorta and pulmonary vascular resistance was calculated from
      left atrial and pulmonary artery pressures. Lung lavage reduced static compliance
      of the respiratory system but did not change CO during pressure-limited
      ventilation. During HFOV, CO was higher in animals after lung lavage at each Paw.
      As Paw was raised from 4 to 16 cm H2O during HFOV, CO decreased from 133 +/- 36
      to 87 +/- 31 ml/min kg in animals with normal lungs and decreased from 153 +/- 33
      to 107 +/- 19 ml/min kg after lung lavage (both p less than 0.001). Increasing
      Paw was also associated with an increase in pulmonary vascular resistance both
      before and after lung lavage (both p less than 0.005). Changes in frequency did
      not significantly alter CO or pulmonary vascular resistance. We conclude that the
      interaction between the heart and lungs during HFOV is largely mediated by Paw
      and compliance of the respiratory system. Furthermore, regardless of the degree
      of lung compliance, cardiac function may be impaired during HFOV as Paw is
      elevated.

PMID- 3393399
TI  - Pacemaker development in embryonic rat heart cultured in oculo.
AB  - Conditions that cause pacemaker formation in the developing heart are poorly
      understood. Embryonic rat myocardium grafted into the anterior eye chamber of an
      adult rat provides a promising model system in which to study pacemaker
      development. Electrophysiologic mapping with two microelectrodes showed that each
      embryonic heart graft developed a primary pacemaker within the region of contact
      with the host iris. These single, primary pacemakers were found in the centers of
      graft-iris junctions both in grafts that originally contained the natural
      pacemaker (e.g. right atria and whole hearts) and in grafts that excluded the
      sinoatrial pacemaker region (i.e. ventricles and left atrial appendages).
      Pacemaker action potentials were recorded in the region identified by mapping as
      the origin of the impulse in 11 of 11 grafts. Action potentials recorded from
      surrounding working cells were similar to adult rat heart cells in maximum
      diastolic potential, overshoot, amplitude, and duration. In contrast, maximum
      upstroke velocity was consistently slower in grafts than in adult hearts. Beating
      of grafts slowed or stopped within 3 days after transplantation but resumed by 10
      14 days at rates similar to those observed before dissection (265 +/- 12), a
      pattern consistent with development of a new pacemaker in oculo. The graft-iris
      junction is the site of blood vessel and nerve ingrowth into the graft and it is
      a region of contact between differentiated embryonic myocardial cells and
      nonmyocardial (iris epithelial) cells. The roles of these three factors
      (vascularization, innervation, and surface contact) in establishing the pacemaker
      were examined using embryonic heart cultured both in the anterior eye chamber and
      in vitro.

PMID- 3393400
TI  - Endogenous opioids do not mediate HCl-induced myocardial dysfunction.
AB  - We evaluated the hypothesis that increased endogenous opioid activity mediates
      part or all of the left ventricular contractile and pump dysfunction previously
      demonstrated in HCl-induced metabolic acidemia. Eighteen Western newborn lambs
      were catheterized and instrumented; pacing wires were sutured to the right atrial
      appendage; a catheter mounted micromanometer pressure transducer was inserted
      into the left ventricle; and a 2.5 F thermistor was inserted into the distal
      abdominal aorta. The lambs were studied 3 days after surgery. Metabolic acidemia
      was produced with an infusion of 0.5 N HCl into the inferior vena cava.
      Inhibition of endogenous opioids was achieved with a bolus of 2 mg/kg of
      intravenous naloxone, which was demonstrated to inhibit morphine sulfate-induced
      myocardial dysfunction. The effects of opioid inhibition were contrasted with our
      previously published results after restoration of a normal arterial pH with
      intravenous sodium bicarbonate. In agreement with our previous study, we found
      that reducing the arterial pH from 7.41 +/- 0.01 to 6.97 +/- 0.04 was associated
      with a 45% reduction in cardiac output which resulted from a 50% reduction in
      stroke volume. These changes in turn were mediated by a 35% reduction in the
      maximal first derivative of left ventricular pressure and/or a 63% increase in
      systemic vascular resistance which we used to estimate contractility and
      afterload, respectively. Left ventricular end diastolic pressure increased during
      acidemia. Although opioid inhibition produced a consistent increase in the
      maximal first derivative of left ventricular pressure, this increase was
      relatively small and was not associated with a significant change in cardiac
      output, stroke volume, or systemic vascular resistance.

PMID- 3393401
TI  - Solitary hepatic abscess: a delayed complication of neonatal bacteremia.

PMID- 3393402
TI  - Immunodeficiency associated with recurrent infections and an isolated in vivo
      inability to respond to bacterial polysaccharides.

PMID- 3393403
TI  - Staphylococcal botryomycosis in a patient with the hyperimmunoglobulin E
      recurrent infection syndrome.

PMID- 3393405
TI  - Are neonatal scalp abscesses another complication of bacterial vaginosis?

PMID- 3393404
TI  - Relatively penicillin-resistant pneumococcal meningitis in a Brazilian infant.

PMID- 3393406
TI  - [Treatment of asthma crises in children with nebulized salbutamol].
AB  - Thirty-two children were treated with nebulized salbutamol for acute asthma.
      Seventy-five per cent of the treatments were efficient, either after a first
      nebulization at 0.15 mg/kg (47% = group I), or after a second nebulization 45 min
      later, at 0.05 mg/kg (27% = group II). Twenty-five per cent of the treatments
      (group III) were inefficient or only partly efficient. The clinical tolerance was
      good except in two children. Group I and II presented differences only for the
      auscultation score. Children from group I and II were older and had less severe
      asthma than those from group III. On the basis of this study, nebulized
      salbutamol appears to be an affective and safe treatment for acute asthma. The
      repeated administration of low doses, shortly after the first nebulization
      increases the quality of the response.

PMID- 3393407
TI  - [Cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita with body asymmetry].
AB  - One case of Cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita (CMTC) is reported with
      cutaneous signs, corporal asymmetry, macrocephaly and cerebral vascular
      malformation. This syndrome allows to recognize a particular type of CMTC and its
      relationship with other angiomatosis.

PMID- 3393408
TI  - [Pneumoperitoneum in a newborn infant after assisted ventilation].
AB  - The authors report a case of massive pneumoperitoneum in a newborn who underwent
      assisted-ventilation for a severe aspiration of meconial amniotic fluid. Clinical
      and roentgengraphic findings that are helpful in differentiating a
      pneumoperitoneum of gastrointestinal origin from an extrathoracic air leak are
      reviewed. In such a situation, laparotomy should be avoided.

PMID- 3393409
TI  - [Hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism and peripheral adrenal insufficiency in 2
      brothers].
AB  - Two siblings with chronic adrenal insufficiency, diagnosed at 12 years of age,
      failed to show a spontaneous onset of puberty in spite of adequate adrenocortical
      therapy. Testosterone plasma levels were low, without concomitant increase in
      gonadotropin levels. This association strongly suggest a sex-linked cytomegalic
      adrenocortical hypoplasia.

PMID- 3393410
TI  - [Birth in the rural area: an evaluation of prevention of perinatal risk in rural
      areas].
AB  - A study was designed and implemented between 1983 and 1985 in order to evaluate
      the effectiveness of a personalized health education program designed for
      pregnant women in the specific context of rural areas. The action succeeded in
      increasing the proportion of women benefiting from a monthly antenatal
      surveillance but many other results underline the limitations of such prevention
      programs that would be restricted to the information of the general public and
      health professionals. Perinatal morbidity in the north-alpine rural area ranks
      very favourably compared to the regional or national figures.

PMID- 3393411
TI  - [The role of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in acute pneumopathies in children].
AB  - Among 199 cases of bronchopulmonary infection in children observed over a 2-year
      period, 22 cases (11%) were due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae. The diagnosis was based
      upon the complement fixation test on whole serum in half of the children and the
      research of specific IgM by complement fixation test on fractioned serum and/or
      indirect immunofluorescence on the others. The mean age of children with
      Mycoplasma pneumoniae was 6 years. The clinical and radiographic appearance of
      the affection was non specific, often similar to pneumococcal pneumonia.

PMID- 3393412
TI  - [Acute encephalopathy following acquired rubella. Apropos of 6 cases].
AB  - The authors report 6 cases of acute encephalopathy during the course of primary
      rubella infection. The mean age of the patients was 7 years and 6 months.
      Clinical features included, 3 days after an inconstant exanthema, seizures, coma
      and hyperthermia. The diagnosis of rubella was confirmed by a high rate of
      antibodies in serum with presence of IgM fraction. Five children recovered fully,
      one patient remained epileptic. The authors discuss the problems of diagnosis,
      the nosological position and the treatment of non-congenital rubella
      encephalitis.

PMID- 3393413
TI  - [The pediatrician, atherosclerosis and hypercholesterolemia].

PMID- 3393414
TI  - The time-memory complex.

PMID- 3393415
TI  - Community psychiatry--a changing locus of rejection?

PMID- 3393416
TI  - Concerning the curriculum: a dialogue.

PMID- 3393417
TI  - I got to Kansas City on a Thursday, by Friday....

PMID- 3393418
TI  - Medical miracles from a physician-scientist's viewpoint.

PMID- 3393419
TI  - Aging, illness, and health policy: implications of the compression of morbidity.

PMID- 3393420
TI  - Refusing medical treatment.

PMID- 3393421
TI  - Rectal absorption enhancement of rate-controlled delivered ampicillin sodium by
      sodium decanoate in conscious rats.
AB  - Because of the relatively poor intestinal absorption of ampicillin sodium,
      efforts have been made to enhance ampicillin absorption by co-administration of
      absorption promoters. In the present study the enhancing effect of sodium
      decanoate on rate and extent of rectal ampicillin absorption in rats has been
      evaluated after rate-controlled and site-controlled delivery of aqueous
      solutions. Rectal absorption without enhancer was extremely low (8 +/- 7%), and
      the addition of 0.032 M sodium decanoate gave comparable values. However,
      administration in 0.16 M decanoate considerably increased ampicillin
      bioavailability, to 79 +/- 30%, whereas the absorption rate was not significantly
      affected.

PMID- 3393422
TI  - Formation and antimicrobial activity of complexes of beta-cyclodextrin and some
      antimycotic imidazole derivatives.
AB  - Complex formation between beta-cyclodextrin and six antimycotic imidazole
      derivatives has been studied. The solubility of all drugs was increased in the
      presence of beta-cyclodextrin. The smallest increase (approx. 5-fold) was
      observed for miconazol, and the largest increase (approx. 160-fold) was observed
      for bifonazol. Apparent 1:1-complex constants were measured and found to decrease
      in the order: bifonazol greater than ketoconazol greater than tioconazol greater
      than miconazol greater than itraconazol greater than clotrimazol. The complexes
      appeared to possess a low, if any, antimicrobial activity. Measurement of
      inhibition zone sizes, with four test organisms was used to study the release of
      the antimycotic drugs from topical preparations. The antimycotic drugs were more
      readily released from topical preparations containing beta-cyclodextrin than from
      the same vehicles without beta-cyclodextrin. The rationale of beta-cyclodextrin
      addition to antimycotic topical preparations is discussed.

PMID- 3393423
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of methotrexate in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of methotrexate and its 7-hydroxy metabolite were studied in
      a patient undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. A biphasic plasma
      disappearance pattern of methotrexate was observed, with half-lives of 3.5 and 29
      hours. The 7-hydroxy metabolite accumulated and showed a very slow rate of
      elimination, with an estimated final elimination half-life of over 120 hours. The
      mean peritoneal clearance rate of methotrexate was 0.13 l/h (range 0.05-0.20
      l/h), dwell times significantly influenced the clearance rate. Strict monitoring
      of the methotrexate level, even after low doses, is necessary in continuous
      ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients, to prevent serious bone marrow toxicity.

PMID- 3393424
TI  - Titrimetric determination of acetylenic hyponotics using organic brominating
      agents.
AB  - A titrimetric method is described for the determination of three acetylenic
      hypnotics, namely ethchlorvynol, ethinamate, and methylpentynol carbamate, in
      bulk and in dosage forms. The method involves the use of either 1,3-dibromo-5,5
      dimethylhydantoin (DBH), N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) or N-bromophthalimide (NBP) as
      titrants. A known excess volume of the reagent is added and, after the specified
      time, the residual reagent is determined iodometrically. This procedure permits
      semimicro determination (1-15 mg) of the drug. The procedure has been
      successfully applied to pharmaceutical dosage forms; the results agree well with
      those given by compendial methods. The stoichiometry of the reaction has been
      assessed and an explanation of the reaction pathway is presented.

PMID- 3393425
TI  - Development of a community health intensity rating scale.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a patient classification
      method for community health that would enable the categorization of patients
      based on their nursing care requirements. The Community Health Intensity Rating
      Scale (CHIRS) was developed by integrating nursing theory with nursing practice.
      Groups of nurse experts in community health developed prototype definitions for
      15 community health parameters that incorporated both patient characteristics and
      critical indicators of care as descriptors of nursing care requirements. The tool
      was then pilot tested using staff nurses from three home health agencies.
      Validation of the tool was accomplished by a retrospective rating of 560 charts
      from two home health agencies. By quantifying the CHIRS score using nursing
      visits as a measure of resource consumption, it was possible to show that nursing
      resource consumption increased with each increasing level of CHIRS rating.
      Reliability and validity were established for the tool.

PMID- 3393426
TI  - Stress and coping in siblings of childhood cancer patients.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to identify and describe cognitive and behavioral
      coping strategies used by siblings of pediatric oncology patients. Fifteen
      families with 26 siblings between 7 and 11 years of age were studied. Parent data
      were obtained from an open-ended interview and a questionnaire. Sibling data
      included open-ended interviews using psychosocial assessments through puppet
      play, kinetic family drawings, cartoon story telling, a sentence completion test,
      and a limited number of direct questions. Content analysis of sibling data
      revealed major stressor themes of loss, fear of death, and change. Further
      analysis of sibling data pertinent to coping efforts led to the development of a
      taxonomy of cognitive and behavioral coping efforts.

PMID- 3393427
TI  - Anxiety, depression, and hostility in mothers of preterm infants.
AB  - Anxiety, depression, and hostility in 47 mothers of high-risk preterm infants
      were tested at the time of infant discharge and when the infant was 9 months old.
      Mothers of these high-risk preterms were significantly more anxious and depressed
      before their infant was discharged than when the infant was 9 months old. Before
      infant discharge, multiparas were significantly more depressed than primiparas.
      Additionally, mothers whose infants remained in the hospital longer than the mean
      of 51 days were significantly less depressed at infant discharge than were
      mothers whose infants had shorter hospital stays. Maternal anxiety, depression,
      and hostility did not differ based on marital status, maternal education,
      socioeconomic status, or maternal age at the time of infant discharge or when the
      infant was 9 months old.

PMID- 3393428
TI  - Stress, social support, and psychological distress of family caregivers of the
      elderly.
AB  - The effects of stress and social support and their interaction with the
      psychological well-being of 87 family caregivers of impaired elderly were
      examined. Perceived stress and satisfaction with support accounted for 32% to 36%
      of the variance in psychological distress or depression, p less than .001;
      however, when characteristics of the caregiver situation were included in the
      models, the effects of perceived stress were found to be spurious. The revised
      models accounted for 44% to 48% of the variance in psychological distress or
      depression, p less than .000, and included years of caregiving and mental
      impairment of the elder instead of perceived stress. Although there were no
      buffering effects for social support, main effects accounted for 19% to 22% of
      the variance in psychological distress or depression. The findings indicate that
      caregivers who are caring for a mentally impaired elder, who have been providing
      care for an extended time, and who have low social support are at high risk for
      psychological distress or depression.

PMID- 3393429
TI  - Identification of stressors and use of coping methods in chronic hemodialysis
      patients.
AB  - To explore relationships among treatment-related stressors, coping methods, and
      length of time on hemodialysis the Baldree, Murphy, and Powers (1982) study was
      replicated. Sixty-eight subjects completed the Hemodialysis Stressor Scale and
      the Jalowiec Coping Scale. Although Baldree et al. reported no significant
      difference in ratings of physiological and psychosocial stressors, results of
      this study showed that physiological stressors were more troublesome than
      psychosocial stressors, t = 10.85, p less than .0001. Subjects used problem
      oriented coping more often than affective methods to handle stress, t = 10.93, p
      less than .0001, supporting the Baldree et al. findings. The results did not
      duplicate previous study findings of no significant relationships between
      stressor and coping scores. Total hemodialysis stressor scores were related to
      total coping scores, r = .43, and physiological stressors to affective coping, r
      = .38. However, psychosocial stressors were associated with affective-oriented, r
      = .43, and problem-oriented coping, r = .33. Length of time of hemodialysis was
      associated with problem-oriented coping, r = .26.

PMID- 3393430
TI  - Relationships between role models and role perceptions of new graduate nurses.
AB  - This study was conducted to examine relationships between role models and role
      perceptions of new graduate nurses. The sample consisted of the 25 senior nursing
      students in a generic baccalaureate nursing program who were administered
      questionnaires 1 month prior to graduation and 3 months after beginning
      employment. Results indicated that: (a) a majority of faculty role models of new
      graduate nurses are replaced by work-related role models in the first 3 months of
      employment, (b) the most important role model characteristic was clinical
      experience/performance, and (c) role perception orientations of new graduate
      nurses are overwhelmingly professional prior to graduation, but become more
      bureaucratic after exposure to work-related models. This study validates the
      findings of similar research conducted over the past 25 years. Further research
      is needed into factors that lead to the perpetuation of a bureaucratic work
      environment and bureaucratic nurses, in spite of professionally oriented nursing
      education.

PMID- 3393431
TI  - Re: 'Experiencing the research process by using statistical software on
      microcomputers'.

PMID- 3393432
TI  - Structural equation models and nursing research: Part I.

PMID- 3393433
TI  - Log-linear contingency table analysis: an illustration.

PMID- 3393434
TI  - Patient-controlled analgesia in clinical pain research measurement.

PMID- 3393435
TI  - Project 2000: a new dawn for nursing?

PMID- 3393436
TI  - Why aren't we speaking out?

PMID- 3393438
TI  - Measure for measure.

PMID- 3393437
TI  - Somewhere for the children.

PMID- 3393439
TI  - Recruit and retain. Quitting.

PMID- 3393441
TI  - Breaking new ground.

PMID- 3393440
TI  - Night nursing: a positive reaction. Interview by Laurence Dopson.

PMID- 3393442
TI  - Data protection: not to be handled by patients.

PMID- 3393443
TI  - Thomas the 'Spiderman'.

PMID- 3393445
TI  - The Journal of Infection Control Nursing.

PMID- 3393444
TI  - Too fragile to hold.

PMID- 3393446
TI  - The Journal of Infection Control Nursing. A lack of motivation.

PMID- 3393447
TI  - The Journal of Infection Control Nursing. Could do better.

PMID- 3393448
TI  - The Journal of Infection Control Nursing. Banishing the bacteria.

PMID- 3393449
TI  - The Journal of Infection Control Nursing. Hands.

PMID- 3393450
TI  - Going it alone.

PMID- 3393451
TI  - Talking about breasts.

PMID- 3393452
TI  - Need a lotta bottle?

PMID- 3393453
TI  - Time is money.

PMID- 3393455
TI  - Communication. Tuned in.

PMID- 3393454
TI  - Communication. The continuing challenge.

PMID- 3393456
TI  - Nursing in India: care out of the community?

PMID- 3393457
TI  - Best for the learner.

PMID- 3393458
TI  - Beware of the mid-day sun.

PMID- 3393459
TI  - Finding the manager behind the mask.

PMID- 3393461
TI  - Stereotyped behaviour.

PMID- 3393460
TI  - Recruit and retain. Working together.

PMID- 3393463
TI  - Nothing gay about bereavement.

PMID- 3393462
TI  - Systems of life. No. 161. Senior systems. 26. Peripheral vascular disease--2.

PMID- 3393464
TI  - Give us democracy.

PMID- 3393466
TI  - Crossing the border.

PMID- 3393465
TI  - Double trouble?

PMID- 3393467
TI  - Hepatitis: an occupational hazard?

PMID- 3393468
TI  - Brighton breezes.

PMID- 3393470
TI  - Good old-fashioned nursing.

PMID- 3393469
TI  - Critical care. The power of touch.

PMID- 3393472
TI  - Moonlighting.

PMID- 3393471
TI  - Recruit and retain. Cutting overheads.

PMID- 3393473
TI  - No need to hide.

PMID- 3393474
TI  - Soothing body and soul.

PMID- 3393475
TI  - Something for everyone.

PMID- 3393477
TI  - Midwives' Journal.

PMID- 3393476
TI  - Knowledge and attitudes to AIDS.

PMID- 3393478
TI  - Midwives' Journal. Don't worry.

PMID- 3393479
TI  - Midwives' Journal. Friend or watchdog?

PMID- 3393480
TI  - Midwives' Journal. Moving money.

PMID- 3393481
TI  - Health and safety in a hospital setting.

PMID- 3393482
TI  - Health and safety in industry.

PMID- 3393483
TI  - Future practice of nursing in the hospital.

PMID- 3393484
TI  - Defining nursing objectives and targets.

PMID- 3393485
TI  - Need for management skills.

PMID- 3393486
TI  - Taking care of the suffering humanity.

PMID- 3393487
TI  - Healthy mind--healthy body.

PMID- 3393488
TI  - Health for all--all for health.

PMID- 3393489
TI  - Gaps in health status.

PMID- 3393490
TI  - Oral health needs attention.

PMID- 3393491
TI  - Antiestrogens do not counteract the inhibitory effect of estradiol-17 beta on the
      growth of the Dunning R3327 prostatic adenocarcinoma.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to investigate if the local effects of estradiol on
      the Dunning R3327 prostatic adenocarcinoma were estrogen-receptor mediated. All
      rats with the transplantable Dunning R3327 prostatic adenocarcinoma were
      castrated on the first day of treatment and were supplemented with daily s.c.
      injections of testosterone propionate (0.1 mg) during the treatment period,
      lasting for 6 weeks. The following treatment groups were studied: castration +
      testosterone supplementation (C + T, control group), C + T and estradiol-17 beta
      (50 micrograms/daily s.c.), C + T and tamoxifen (1 mg twice a week s.c.), and C +
      T and estradiol-17 beta in combination with tamoxifen. Tumor volumes were
      measured every week. At the end of the treatment period, pieces of the tumors
      were taken for morphological studies and estrogen-receptor analysis. In the
      groups of rats given tamoxifen treatment no estrogen-receptor binding was
      detectable in prostatic tumors, but, despite this, tamoxifen did not prevent
      either the inhibitory effect of estradiol-17 beta on the tumor growth rate or the
      estrogen-induced decrease of volume density of prostatic glandular epithelium. In
      contrast, the estrogen-induced increase of volume density of the stroma was
      abolished by tamoxifen, suggesting that this effect may be mediated by the
      estrogen receptor. A morphometrical method for estimating the growth of different
      tumor compartments is presented. Treatment with estradiol-17 beta, both with or
      without combined treatment with tamoxifen, reduced the growth of both the tumor
      epithelium and stroma. The direct effect of estradiol-17 beta on the growth and
      morphology of the Dunning R3327 prostatic adenocarcinoma seemed not to be
      mediated by the estrogen receptor.

PMID- 3393493
TI  - Intraprostatic spermatozoa in the squirrel monkey.
AB  - The recent observation of spermatozoa within the human prostate prompted this
      study to determine if spermatozoa were present in prostates of nonhuman primates.
      Six of 32 squirrel monkey prostates contained intraglandular spermatozoa. No
      associated pathologic lesions were found. Spermiophages were seen in one case.
      Although intraprostatic spermatozoa have been postulated to play a role in
      various prostatic diseases, a normal physiologic phenomenon cannot be excluded.

PMID- 3393492
TI  - Ornithine decarboxylase and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase activity in the
      accessory sex organs of intact, castrated, and androgen-stimulated castrated
      rats.
AB  - We have studied the activities of ornithine decarboxylase and adenosylmethionine
      decarboxylase in the 10(6)-m/s2 supernatants of the different lobes of the
      prostate and the seminal vesicles of castrates, androgen-stimulated castrates,
      and intact controls. After castration L-ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and S
      adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase (AMDC) activities fell in all tissues
      examined. The induction of kinetics was followed for 72 h after administration of
      testosterone propionate to castrated rats. AMDC activities increased more rapidly
      than ODC activities in every tissue studied. Peak activities were reached more
      rapidly in the dorsal lobe than in the other tissues. ODC activity of the ventral
      lobe increased linearly for 48 h after stimulation. In the other tissues studied,
      ODC activity reached a maximum after 24 h and thereafter leveled off or
      decreased. In conclusion we have found distinct differences in ODC and AMDC
      activity in various tissues and major differences between treatment groups, with
      near extinction of activity at castration. In castrates stimulated with
      testosterone, the between-group differences prevailed but with different patterns
      of ODC versus AMDC activity. AMDC is seemingly rate-limiting in polyamine
      synthesis in stimulated tissues, while ODC controls synthesis in tissues from
      castrated rats.

PMID- 3393495
TI  - Visualization and quantification of transplanted Dunning prostate tumors in rats
      using magnetic resonance imaging.
AB  - Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been used for the in vivo size
      determination of subcutaneously implanted Dunning R3327-H tumors in male
      Copenhagen-Fisher rats (N = 18). Images have been recorded using a multislice
      spin-echo sequence SE(1000/36) with a resolution of 0.2 x 0.2 mm2 in the imaging
      plane and a slice thickness of 2 mm. The reliability in the MRI size
      determination was of the order of 10%. The MRI results were compared with caliper
      measurements. Five months after tumor implantation nine rats were castrated.
      Orchiectomy led to a marked and statistically significant reduction in tumor
      growth rate as determined by both methods of quantification. Qualitative MRI
      information regarding the tumor morphology was compared with that for
      histological specimens.

PMID- 3393494
TI  - Pretreatment plasma levels of testosterone and sex hormone binding globulin
      binding capacity in relation to clinical staging and survival in prostatic cancer
      patients.
AB  - Pretreatment plasma concentrations of total testosterone (T), sex hormone binding
      globulin binding capacity (SHBG). T/SHBG ratio, and free testosterone (fT) were
      measured in 123 patients with prostatic cancer categorized into groups according
      to the UICC classification. The patients were randomized to orchiectomy or
      estrogen therapy and the mean follow-up time was 48 months. The mean plasma
      levels of T were higher in patients without metastases and with intracapsular
      cancer, but the differences were not statistically significant. The calculated
      ratio of T/SHBG was noticed to be significantly higher (p less than 0.05) in the
      M0 category. The prognostic significance of pretreatment T and, more
      impressively, T/SHBG ratio and fT was confirmed. Low pretreatment values
      indicated poorer prognosis. This study supports the view that there are
      differences in the pretreatment T and fT levels in prostatic cancer patients in
      relation to the stage of tumor and that these hormone assays could be used as
      prognostic factors.

PMID- 3393496
TI  - Heparin-binding growth factor isolated from human prostatic extracts.
AB  - Prostatic tissue extracts from patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
      and prostatic carcinoma were fractionated using heparin-Sepharose chromatography.
      The mitogenic activity of eluted fractions on quiescent subconfluent Swiss Albino
      3T3 fibroblasts was tested employing a tritiated-thymidine-incorporation assay.
      Two peaks of activity were consistently noted--one in the void volume and a
      second fraction which eluted with 1.3-1.6 M NaCl and contained the majority of
      the mitogenic activity. Both non-heparin- and heparin-binding fractions increased
      tritiated incorporation into a mouse osteoblast cell line (MC3T3), while only the
      heparin-binding fractions stimulated a human umbilical vein endothelial cell line
      (HUV). No increased uptake of thymidine was seen using a human prostatic
      carcinoma cell line (PC-3). Sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis (SDS/PAGE) of lyophilized active fractions showed a persistent
      band at 17,500 daltons. The purified protein demonstrated angiogenic properties
      using the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. Western blot
      analysis using antibodies specific to basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) or
      acidic FGF (aFGF) demonstrated that the former, but not the latter, bound to
      prostatic growth factor (PrGF), and inhibited its mitogenic activity as well. It
      appears that PrGF shares homology with basic fibroblast growth factors.

PMID- 3393498
TI  - [Morphofunctional changes in the erythrocytes in diabetes mellitus].
AB  - The paper is concerned with some data on change in the ultrastructure and
      ultrahistochemistry of erythrocytes in 85 patients with diabetes mellitus.
      Correlation between change of erythrocytic homeostasis and an extent of metabolic
      derangements and vascular symptoms is substantiated. Some mechanisms of
      pathogenesis of diabetic angiopathies have been unraveled, principles of their
      prevention and therapy are substantiated.

PMID- 3393497
TI  - [Dynamics of the renal excretion of glycosaminoglycans as affected by thyroid
      therapy of hypothyroidism].
AB  - The state of renal excretion of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) was investigated in 15
      patients with hypothyrosis of various degree of gravity before and during thyroid
      therapy. A raised level of GAG excretion with urine reflecting excessive GAG
      tissue accumulation was revealed. A degree of elevation was unrelated to a
      gravity of disease and grew with a period of disease. Thyroid therapy
      considerably increased GAG renal excretion, particularly in patients with a
      longer period of disease. A GAG level in daily urine can be used as an additional
      diagnostic criterion in hypothyrosis and the time course of GAG can serve for
      assessment of therapeutic efficacy.

PMID- 3393499
TI  - [Lipid peroxidation in patients with diabetes mellitus].
AB  - The activity of free radical oxidation in patients with diabetes mellitus was
      investigated with respect to a type of diabetes using chemiluminescence.
      Clinical, laboratory and instrumental investigation of 80 patients with diabetes
      mellitus was conducted. The level of free radical oxidation in the patients
      changed as compared to that in the controls. Direct correlation between an
      increase in a degree of severity of disease and a rise of the level of
      chemiluminescence was discovered. Changes of lipid peroxidation in patients with
      diabetes mellitus permitted sound recommendation of drugs with antioxidant and
      membrane-stabilizing properties.

PMID- 3393500
TI  - [Diagnostic significance of determining glycosylated hemoglobin in the detection
      of early forms of diabetes mellitus].
AB  - In order to determine the diagnostic value of glycolytic hemoglobin (HbA1c) in
      early forms of diabetes mellitus its content was studied in 62 individuals with
      disturbed glucose tolerance, then used as a kind of screening for examination of
      357 workers employees at a factory with a subsequent glucose tolerance test
      (GTT). The level of HbA1c was raised almost in all persons with disturbed
      carbohydrate metabolism. There was correlation between HbA1c and GTT results in
      the diagnosis of disturbed glucose tolerance. The highest was the correlation
      between the HbA1c and glycemia in 2 hours during a GTT (r = +0.91). A conclusion
      was made that the level of HbA1c can serve as a diagnostic criterion of early
      forms of diabetes mellitus; HbA1c determination taking into account its lesser
      dependence on the conditions of investigation as compared to GTT, can be used as
      a method for mass screening and prophylactic medical examination.

PMID- 3393501
TI  - [Effect of teturam on the testosterone level and spermatogenesis in patients with
      alcoholism].
AB  - Disulfiram is one of the most common agents used for the treatment of alcoholism.
      A study was made of disulfiram influence on the level of testosterone and
      spermiogenesis in 20 alcoholic patients during course therapy. The level of
      testosterone was investigated before treatment and 15 and 30 days after treatment
      with disulfiram at a daily dose of 0.5 g. Sixteen patients of the control group
      received tranquilizers. Ejaculation specimens were studied before treatment and
      30 days after the onset of a therapeutic course. Disulfiram therapy was shown to
      cause the reduction of the level of testosterone as compared to its basal level
      and deterioration of spermiogenesis indices as compared to the controls receiving
      tranquilizers. It should be borne in mind during prolonged therapeutic courses.

PMID- 3393503
TI  - [The alcoholic variant of Itsenko-Cushing disease].

PMID- 3393502
TI  - [Pathogenesis of thymomegaly in children].
AB  - A scheme of pathogenesis of thymomegaly based on the laboratory findings of 575
      children with thymus enlargement, was drawn up to prove that thymus enlargement
      was not constitutional abnormality in children but thymus pathology. Routine
      clinical methods, investigation of the body proportions, indices of immunity and
      adrenocortical and thyroid function were used. Disorder of thymus function and
      associated changes in the state of some endocrine glands were proved. The
      clinical picture of thymus enlargement in children was like this:
      lymphoproliferative and endocrine-metabolic symptoms, compression of the vital
      organs by the thymus, immunity disorders.

PMID- 3393504
TI  - [Compensatory hyperplasia of the hypophysis in primary hypothyroidism].

PMID- 3393505
TI  - [Achievements in the study of the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones (a lecture)].

PMID- 3393506
TI  - [Effect of therapy on the levels of immunoreactive calcitonin and parathormone in
      patients with autoimmune thyroiditis].
AB  - Altogether 18 female patients and one male patient with autoimmune thyroiditis
      aged 17 to 57 were investigated before and during thyroidin therapy. A basal
      raised level of immunoreactive calcitonin (iCT) was revealed in 4 patients, that
      of immunoreactive parathormone (iPTH) in 11 patients. The authors discussed the
      causes of the elevation of iCT and iPTH levels in patients with autoimmune
      thyroiditis. A transient character of a rise of the content of these hormones was
      noted. The authors suggested that in raised iCT and iPTH levels assessment of C
      cell and parathyroid function should be repeated in patients with autoimmune
      thyroiditis after compensation of the main disease.

PMID- 3393507
TI  - [Nonsteroidal antiandrogen inhibition of testosterone metabolism in the
      prostate].
AB  - The effect of prolonged administration of antiandrogen flutamide (FT) on
      testosterone (T) metabolism in the prostate (P) of intact and castrated rats and
      animals receiving androgens with substitution purpose was studied. In intact
      animals the production of dehydrotestosterone from labeled T in vitro was
      decreased in 30 days by 50%. The influence of FT on 5 alpha-reductase was shown
      to be determined by the blockade of androgenic effects. Proceeding from the
      results of experiments with FT and its hydroxylated metabolite added to incubated
      homogenates of the prostate of intact animals it was assumed that FT hydroxylated
      metabolite mediated FT influence on T metabolism.

PMID- 3393508
TI  - [Effect of thymus hormones on the capacity of lymphocytes for contact interaction
      with mast cells].
AB  - A study was made of the effect of thymostimulin, a medicine of thymus principles,
      on immature cells including also mastocyte-affined lymphocytes possessing
      membranous affinity to mast cells--the influence which may result in contact
      interaction of the above cell types with the formation of mastocyte-lymphocyte
      rosettes. The results obtained indicated that under certain conditions thymus
      principles influenced lymphocyte ability for contact interaction with mast cells.

PMID- 3393510
TI  - Development of a spousal coping instrument.

PMID- 3393509
TI  - [Arterial pressure in the ophthalmic artery as a diagnostic test in autoimmune
      thyroiditis].
AB  - Arterial pressure in the ophthalmic artery was studied in 73 patients (135 eyes)
      with autoimmune thyroiditis in different thyroid function. A rise of diastolic
      and systolic pressure in the ophthalmic artery was noted in all groups of
      patients. It could be accounted for by a high degree of activation of the
      hypothalamic region as a result of sharp deficiency of thyroid hormones. Raised
      arterial pressure in the ophthalmic artery in patients with euthyroidism made it
      possible to recommend this method for early diagnosis of autoimmune thyroiditis.

PMID- 3393511
TI  - Factors associated with obesity in Mexican-American preschool children--a
      cardiovascular risk.

PMID- 3393512
TI  - Are you a valuable professional?

PMID- 3393513
TI  - Effects of posture during defecation using a bedpan and a bedside commode on
      heart rate and oxygen consumption in normal adults.

PMID- 3393514
TI  - Molecular cloning of the cDNA coding for human C1 inhibitor.
AB  - A clone coding for the precursor form of C1 inhibitor has been isolated from a
      human liver cDNA library constructed in lambda gt11. This clone contains a cDNA
      insert of 1777 nucleotides, which includes 63 nucleotides coding for a signal
      sequence of 21 amino acids, 1434 nucleotides coding for the mature protein of 478
      amino acids, a stop codon of TGA, and 265 nucleotides of the 3'-noncoding
      sequence followed by a poly(A) tail of 12 nucleotides. The predicted amino acid
      sequence of mature C1 inhibitor contains a unique region (positions 43 to 97) of
      14 tandemly repeated copies of the tetrapeptide Gln-Pro-Thr-Thr and variants
      thereof. The carboxy-terminal sequence (positions 98 to 478) comprises the
      typical structural elements of a serine proteinase inhibitor (serpin). These
      findings indicate that C1 inhibitor is unique among the known members of the
      serpin superfamily due to the presence of an extra-domain of highly repetitive
      structure located at the amino-terminus of the inhibitor.

PMID- 3393515
TI  - The amino-acid sequence of the double-headed proteinase inhibitor from fox
      (Vulpes vulpes) submandibular glands.
AB  - Fox submandibular glands contain a double-headed secretory proteinase inhibitor.
      Its amino acid sequence was determined. Extensive homologies were found between
      this inhibitor and the corresponding inhibitors of cat, lion and dog in both
      domains. As in dog inhibitor the trypsin-inhibiting domain of fox inhibitor
      contains an Arg residue in the reactive site in contrast to a Lys residue in the
      inhibitors of cat and lion. Domains I and II of fox inhibitor are structurally
      related both to the sequenced inhibitors of cat, lion and dog and to the
      sequenced monovalent secretory pancreatic trypsin inhibitors. In comparison to
      cat and lion inhibitors the N-terminally extended sequences of fox and dog
      inhibitors seem to be characteristic for the inhibitor of Canidae.

PMID- 3393517
TI  - Transduction mechanisms of drug stimuli. Third International Meeting on Drug
      Discrimination and State Dependency. Antwerp and Beerse, 5 and 7 July 1986.
      Proceedings.

PMID- 3393516
TI  - VecBase, a cloning vector sequence data base.
AB  - VecBase, release 2, contains the sequences of 98 cloning vectors in 105 entries.
      Further additions are made continuously, and VecBase is intended to develop into
      a central repository for cloning vector sequences. However, as cloning vector
      sequences are commonly not determined by experiment, but are assembled from the
      sequences of the parent molecules according to the cloning strategy, they have to
      be used with extreme caution. To address this problem, VecBase contains an
      extensive documentation with special emphasis on crossreferences to "parent"
      sequences and indication of sequence discrepancies. Parent sequences are either
      themselves cloning vectors present in VecBase, or sequences from one of the major
      DNA sequence databases. VecBase contains both strands of pUC cloning vectors,
      because the published sequence displays the polylinker region in its reverse
      orientation. VecBase is distributed in the standardized format for sequence data
      exchange. An additional small database called VecSource contains ancillary
      sequences present in cloning vectors, e.g., polylinkers or promoters.

PMID- 3393518
TI  - Dentists' opinions of their undergraduate education. I.

PMID- 3393519
TI  - Dietary habits and dental health in Finnish Seventh-Day Adventists.

PMID- 3393520
TI  - Fissuring of the tongue in Finnish children and their relatives.

PMID- 3393521
TI  - Criteria for placement and replacement of dental restorations.

PMID- 3393522
TI  - Variation of reproducibility and agreement in radiographic caries diagnosis among
      dental teachers.

PMID- 3393523
TI  - The prevalence of periodontal bone loss in Finnish adults measured using
      simplified radiographic criteria.

PMID- 3393524
TI  - A follow-up study of apicectomized teeth.

PMID- 3393525
TI  - Catalysis of concerted reactions by antibodies: the Claisen rearrangement.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies were prepared against a transition state analog inhibitor
      of chorismate mutase (EC 5.4.99.5). One of the antibodies catalyzes the
      rearrangement of chorismate to prephenate with rate accelerations of more than 2
      orders of magnitude compared to the uncatalyzed reaction. Saturation kinetics
      were observed, and at 25 degrees C the values of kcat and Km were 1.2 X 10(-3) s
      1 and 5.1 X 10(-5) M respectively. The transition state analog was shown to be a
      competitive inhibitor of the reaction with Ki equal to 0.6 microM. These results
      demonstrate the feasibility of using rationally designed immunogens to generate
      antibodies that catalyze concerted reactions.

PMID- 3393526
TI  - Comparison of time-resolved and -unresolved measurements of deoxyhemoglobin in
      brain.
AB  - Continuous (CW) and pulsed light were used for the noninvasive measurement of
      hemoglobin oxygenation in tissues. A dual wavelength method of continuous
      illumination spectroscopy used 760 nm (deoxyhemoglobin peak) and 800 nm (an
      oxyhemoglobin-deoxyhemoglobin isosbestic point) to measure the kinetics and
      extent of oxyhemoglobin deoxygenation in brains during mild ischemia/hypoxia.
      Absorption and scattering were modeled in an artificial milk/yeast blood system,
      which gave an exponential relationship between absorption and optical path length
      to a depth of 7 cm. Time-resolved spectroscopy (10-ps resolution) afforded a
      display of the times and distances of arrival of photons emitted by the cat brain
      in response to a 10-ps input pulse. The emitted photons rose to a peak in a
      fraction of a nanosecond and declined exponentially over a few nanoseconds. The
      half-time of exponential decay corresponds to photon migration over a distance of
      4 cm. Exponential light emission continued for several more nanoseconds when the
      brain was encased by the skull, which plays a key role in prolonging light
      emission. The exponential decline of light intensity has a value [exp(-microL)],
      where L is the path length determined from the time/distance scale and mu is the
      characteristic of the migration of light in the brain. The factor mu is increased
      by increasing absorption, and mu' = epsilon C where epsilon and C are the Beer
      Lambert parameters of extinction coefficient (epsilon) and concentration (C).
      Thus, deoxyhemoglobin can be quantified in brain tissues.

PMID- 3393527
TI  - Differential distribution of D and L amino acids between the 2' and 3' positions
      of the AMP residue at the 3' terminus of transfer ribonucleic acid.
AB  - Amino acids esterified to the ribose group of 5'-adenylic acid (AMP) constantly
      migrate between the 2' and 3' positions of the ribose at a rate of several times
      per second, which is slower than the rate of peptide-bond synthesis (15-20 per
      sec). Because the contemporary protein-synthesizing system only incorporates
      amino acids into protein when they are at the 3' position of the AMP at the
      terminus of tRNA, the value of the equilibrium constant relative to the 2' and 3'
      positions is of considerable interest. Differences between D and L isomers in
      this regard might be especially revealing. We have used N-acetylaminoacyl esters
      of AMP as models for the 3' terminus of tRNA and find that glycine and the L
      amino acids consistently distribute predominantly to the 3' position
      (approximately equal to 67% 3', approximately equal to 33% 2'), but D amino acids
      distribute to that position generally to a lesser extent and in a manner
      inversely related to the hydrophobicity of the amino acid side chain. This
      consistency of the L amino acid preference for the 3' position, combined with the
      inconsistency of the D amino acid preference, may be one reason for the origin of
      our contemporary protein-synthesizing system, which forms the peptide bond
      preferentially with L amino acids and only when they are in the 3' position of
      the ribose moiety of the AMP residue at the 3' terminus of every tRNA.

PMID- 3393528
TI  - Sequence and nitrate regulation of the Arabidopsis thaliana mRNA encoding nitrate
      reductase, a metalloflavoprotein with three functional domains.
AB  - The sequence of nitrate reductase (EC 1.6.6.1) mRNA from the plant Arabidopsis
      thaliana has been determined. A 3.0-kilobase-long cDNA was isolated from a lambda
      gt10 cDNA library of Arabidopsis leaf poly(A)+ RNA. The cDNA hybridized to a 3.2
      kilobase mRNA whose level increased 15-fold in response to treatment of the plant
      with nitrate. An open reading frame encoding a 917 amino acid protein was found
      in the sequence. This protein is very similar to tobacco nitrate reductase, being
      greater than 80% identical within a section of 450 amino acids. By comparing the
      Arabidopsis protein sequence with other protein sequences, three functional
      domains were deduced: (i) a molybdenum-pterin-binding domain that is similar to
      the molybdenum-pterin-binding domain of rat liver sulfite oxidase, (ii) a heme
      binding domain that is similar to proteins in the cytochrome b5 superfamily, and
      (iii) an FAD-binding domain that is similar to NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase.

PMID- 3393529
TI  - A transcription factor active on the epidermal growth factor receptor gene.
AB  - We have developed an in vitro transcription system for the epidermal growth
      factor receptor (EGFR) oncogene by using nuclear extracts of A431 human
      epidermoid carcinoma cells, which overproduce EGFR. We found that a nuclear
      factor, termed EGFR-specific transcription factor (ETF), specifically stimulated
      EGFR transcription by 5- to 10-fold. In this report, ETF, purified by using
      sequence-specific oligonucleotide affinity chromatography, is shown by renaturing
      material eluted from a NaDodSO4/polyacrylamide gel to be a protein with a
      molecular mass of 120 kDa. ETF binds to the promoter region, as measured by DNase
      I "footprinting" and gel-mobility-shift assays, and specifically stimulates the
      transcription of the EGFR gene in a reconstituted in vitro transcription system.
      These results suggest that ETF could play a role in the overexpression of the
      cellular oncogene EGFR.

PMID- 3393530
TI  - Monte Carlo simulations of the folding of beta-barrel globular proteins.
AB  - With the use of dynamic Monte Carlo simulations, the necessary conditions for the
      collapse from a random-coil denatured state to a structurally unique four-member
      beta-barrel native state of a model globular protein have been investigated.
      These systems are free to roam through all of configuration space--both native
      and nonnative interactions are allowed. The relative importance of hydrophobic
      and hydrophilic interactions and the presence or absence of statistical bend
      forming regions for the formation of a unique native state are examined, and the
      conditions necessary for a denatured-to-native (and vice versa) conformational
      transition that is thermodynamically all-or-none and which always results in
      collapse to the same, four-member beta-barrel are explored. These conditions are
      found to be a general pattern of hydrophobic/hydrophilic residues that allows the
      native state to differentiate the interior from the exterior of the protein and
      the presence of regions that are, at the very least, neutral toward turn
      formation. The former set of interactions seems to define the mean length of the
      beta-stretch, and the latter set serves to lock the native state into the lowest
      free energy state, the native conformation. These folding simulations strongly
      suggest that the general rules of protein folding are rather robust and that site
      specific tertiary interactions are only involved in structural fine tuning. The
      conditions required for the formation of a structurally unique native state from
      a manifold of collapsed conformations that are originally quite close in energy
      is highly suggestive of a mechanism of protein evolution by means of random
      mutations. The implications of these folding studies for such a mechanism are
      qualitatively explored.

PMID- 3393531
TI  - Iron-carbonyl bond geometries of carboxymyoglobin and carboxyhemoglobin in
      solution determined by picosecond time-resolved infrared spectroscopy.
AB  - The iron-carbonyl geometries in carboxymyoglobin (MbCO) and carboxyhemoglobin
      (HbCO) in ambient temperature solution have been investigated using picosecond
      time-resolved infrared spectroscopy. Polarized infrared and visible beams were
      used to monitor the change in infrared absorbance of the bound CO stretch bands
      on photodissociation of the ligand. The ratio of the change in absorbance for
      perpendicular and parallel relative polarizations of the photolysis and infrared
      probe beams is directly related to the angle between the ligand bond axis and the
      normal to the heme plane. Ratios, and hence the angles, have been obtained for
      the configurations giving rise to the principal CO stretch infrared absorption
      bands of HbCO and MbCO: 18 degrees for the 1951 cm-1 band of HbCO; 20 degrees and
      35 degrees, respectively, for the 1944 cm-1 and 1933 cm-1 bands of MbCO.
      Structures consistent with x-ray diffraction and the picosecond experiments
      reported here are proposed for MbCO and HbCO in which the Fe-C bond tilts to the
      heme normal and the Fe-C-O angle differs significantly from 180 degrees.

PMID- 3393532
TI  - Canonical formulation of linkage thermodynamics.
AB  - The canonical structure of the group of thermodynamic potentials obtained from
      the energy of a physico-chemical system removes any possible distinction between
      physical and chemical binding phenomena. Transformations of these potentials by
      means of Jacobians give linkage relations for equilibrium thermodynamics. Linkage
      matrices are introduced to explore the functional properties of a biological
      macromolecule. They provide a quantitative basis for a broader approach and
      understanding of generalized binding phenomena.

PMID- 3393533
TI  - K+ efflux in NIH mouse 3T3 cells and transformed derivatives: dependence on
      extracellular Ca2+ and phorbol esters.
AB  - In culture medium deficient in Ca2+, NIH mouse 3T3 cells lose K+, gain Na+, and
      stop growing. A marked increase in the rate of K+ efflux accounts for this loss;
      Na+, K+-ATPase pump activity increases but does not fully compensate for enhanced
      K+ efflux. Phorbol esters and cycloheximide inhibit K+ loss in Ca2+-deficient
      medium. Phorbol esters inhibit K+ efflux from human fibroblasts as well, even at
      physiological levels of Ca2+. Two cell lines derived from NIH-3T3, one
      transformed by a simian virus 40 deletion mutant, the other by the polyoma virus
      oncogene encoding the middle-sized tumor antigen, retain K+ and can multiply in
      medium with low Ca2+. Efflux of K+ from these cells is relatively insensitive to
      reduced Ca2+ concentration, phorbol esters, and cycloheximide. The results
      suggest the following hypothesis: a channel, nonselective for K+ and Na+, opens
      when NIH-3T3 cells are in Ca2+-deficient medium; the channel is controlled by the
      receptor for phorbol ester (protein kinase C) and may also be regulated by a
      short-lived protein.

PMID- 3393534
TI  - Human skin fibroblasts in vitro differentiate along a terminal cell lineage.
AB  - Secondary mitotic human skin fibroblast populations in vitro underwent 53 +/- 6
      cumulative population doublings (CPD) in 302 +/- 27 days. When the growth
      capacity of the mitotic fibroblasts is exhausted, and if appropriate methods are
      applied, the fibroblasts differentiate spontaneously into postmitotic fibroblast
      populations, which were kept in stationary culture for up to 305 +/- 41
      additional days. Mitotic and postmitotic fibroblast populations are heterogeneous
      populations with reproducible changes in the proportions of mitotic fibroblasts F
      I, F II, and F III, and postmitotic fibroblasts F IV, F V, F VI, and F VII. This
      process makes it evident that the fibroblasts differentiate spontaneously along a
      seven-stage terminal cell lineage F I-F II-F III-F IV-F V-F VI-F VII. Shifts in
      the frequencies of the mitotic and postmitotic fibroblasts in mass populations
      are accompanied by alterations in the [35S]methionine polypeptide pattern of the
      developing mass populations. The [35S]methionine polypeptide patterns of
      homogeneous subpopulations of F I, F II, F III, F IV, F V, and F VI isolated from
      heterogeneous mass populations reveal that the six fibroblast morphotypes studied
      express their cell-type-specific [35S]methionine polypeptide pattern in the
      heterogeneous mass populations.

PMID- 3393535
TI  - Structure of a fish (rainbow trout) growth hormone gene and its evolutionary
      implications.
AB  - We have isolated and sequenced a clone from a rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)
      genomic library that carries a gene encoding a fish growth hormone (GH). This
      gene spans a region of approximately equal to 4 kilobases, nearly twice that of
      mammalian GH genes. The trout GH gene is comprised of six exons, in contrast with
      five exons in mammals. The additional intron in the fish gene interrupts
      translated regions that are analogous to the last exon of its mammalian
      counterpart. In addition, the alleged internally repeating sequence in mammalian
      GH, prolactin (Prl), or placental lactogen (PL) is not observed in the predicted
      polypeptide sequence of fish GH. Direct repeats that flank exons I, III, and V of
      the mammalian GH, Prl, and PL genes are absent in the fish GH gene. These
      findings indicate that the rainbow trout GH gene structure does not support the
      current hypothesis that internally repeated regions in GH, Prl, and PL arose from
      a small primordial gene.

PMID- 3393536
TI  - Diverse point mutations in the human glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase gene cause
      enzyme deficiency and mild or severe hemolytic anemia.
AB  - Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD; EC 1.1.1.49) deficiency is a common
      genetic abnormality affecting an estimated 400 million people worldwide. Clinical
      and biochemical analyses have identified many variants exhibiting a range of
      phenotypes, which have been well characterized from the hematological point of
      view. However, until now, their precise molecular basis has remained unknown. We
      have cloned and sequenced seven mutant G6PD alleles. In the nondeficient
      polymorphic African variant G6PD A we have found a single point mutation. The
      other six mutants investigated were all associated with enzyme deficiency. In one
      of the commonest, G6PD Mediterranean, which is associated with favism among other
      clinical manifestations, a single amino acid replacement was found (serine---
      phenylalanine): it must be responsible for the decreased stability and the
      reduced catalytic efficiency of this enzyme. Single point mutations were also
      found in G6PD Metaponto (Southern Italy) and in G6PD Ilesha (Nigeria), which are
      asymptomatic, and in G6PD Chatham, which was observed in an Indian boy with
      neonatal jaundice. In G6PD "Matera," which is now known to be the same as G6PD A
      , two separate point mutations were found, one of which is the same as in G6PD A.
      In G6PD Santiago, a de novo mutation (glycine----arginine) is associated with
      severe chronic hemolytic anemia. The mutations observed show a striking
      predominance of C----T transitions, with CG doublets involved in four of seven
      cases. Thus, diverse point mutations may account largely for the phenotypic
      heterogeneity of G6PD deficiency.

PMID- 3393538
TI  - Lesion-induced plasticity in the second somatosensory cortex of adult macaques.
AB  - We have reported that elimination of the representation of any body part in the
      primary (i.e., postcentral) somatosensory cortex of the adult macaque selectively
      eliminates the representation of that same body part in the second somatosensory
      area SII. We now report that, although removal of the entire postcentral hand
      representation does indeed leave the SII hand representation unresponsive to
      somatic stimulation initially, 6-8 weeks later this cortex is no longer silent.
      Instead, most or all of the region that had been vacated by the hand
      representation is now found to be occupied by an expanded foot representation.
      This massive somatotopic reorganization, involving more than half the areal
      extent of SII, exceeds that previously observed in the postcentral cortex after
      peripheral nerve damage and may reflect a greater capacity for reorganizational
      changes in higher order than in primary sensory cortical areas.

PMID- 3393537
TI  - Photophysical studies of tin(IV)-protoporphyrin: potential phototoxicity of a
      chemotherapeutic agent proposed for the prevention of neonatal jaundice.
AB  - The strongly light-absorbing metalloporphyrin tin(IV)-protoporphyrin IX (SnPP) is
      currently being considered as a chemotherapeutic agent for preventing severe
      hyperbilirubinemia in newborns, a condition usually treated by phototherapy with
      visible light. To assess the potential phototoxicity of SnPP we studied the
      photophysics of the drug in aqueous and nonaqueous solutions using laser flash
      photolysis and pulse radiolysis. Quantum yields for formation of triplet-state
      excited SnPP were measured, along with triplet lifetimes and extinction
      coefficients. In addition, we measured quantum yields for the SnPP
      photosensitized formation of singlet oxygen in MeO2H and 2H2O containing
      cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, using a time-resolved luminescence technique.
      Quantum yields for formation of triplet SnPP from monomeric ground-state SnPP are
      high (approximately equal to 0.6-0.8), and triplet lifetimes are long
      (approximately equal to 0.1-0.2 ms). Efficient quenching of triplet SnPP by
      molecular oxygen was seen with rate constants greater than 10(9) M-1.s-1. SnPP
      photosensitized formation of singlet oxygen in aqueous and nonaqueous solvents
      was confirmed by the detection of the characteristic luminescence at 1270 nm (phi
      delta = 0.58 in MeO2H). The photophysical parameters and singlet oxygen
      sensitizing efficiency of SnPP are similar to those reported for hematoporphyrin
      and other metal-free porphyrins known to be phototoxic to humans. These
      observations suggest that cutaneous photosensitivity arising from singlet-oxygen
      damage is likely to be an undesirable side-effect of SnPP therapy.

PMID- 3393539
TI  - Aging alters the circadian rhythm of glucose utilization in the suprachiasmatic
      nucleus.
AB  - We examined the possibility that alterations in the timing of cyclic luteinizing
      hormone (LH) release during the middle age transition to infertility reflect
      differences in the circadian pattern of neural function in pacemaker areas of the
      hypothalamus, particularly the suprachiasmatic nucleus. We measured local
      cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU) because this parameter is an index of local
      brain function. We assessed LCGU in several brain areas of young and middle-aged
      ovariectomized estradiol-treated rats since LH surges are altered when rats are
      middle-aged. This alteration is correlated with changes in the diurnal pattern of
      neurotransmitter turnover in several hypothalamic areas that regulate cyclic LH
      release. The data demonstrate a circadian rhythm in glucose utilization in the
      dorsal and ventral suprachiasmatic nucleus. In young rats, LCGU increases within
      1 hr of lights-on, increases further just prior to the initiation of the LH
      surge, and decreases within 1 hr of lights-off. In contrast, middle-aged rats
      show a more gradual increase in LCGU after lights-on, with no further increase
      prior to the LH surge, and a premature decrease during the afternoon and evening.
      The data suggest that changes in the circadian pattern of LCGU may be related to
      the alteration in timing and amplitude of estradiol-induced LH surges in middle
      aged rats. Changes in the integrity of the biological clock or in the ability of
      the biological clock to entrain other neurochemical events may underlie the onset
      of altered cyclic reproductive function and the transition to irregular estrous
      cyclicity.

PMID- 3393540
TI  - Feasibility of long-term storage of graded information by the Ca2+/calmodulin
      dependent protein kinase molecules of the postsynaptic density.
AB  - The feasibility of long-term information storage by brain type II Ca2+/calmodulin
      dependent protein kinase molecules is explored. Recent evidence indicates that
      this protein has switch-like properties. Equations are derived showing that a
      single kinase holoenzyme could form a bistable switch having the stability
      necessary to encode long-term memory, and that a group of kinase molecules, such
      as that contained within the postsynaptic density, could form a device capable of
      storing graded information.

PMID- 3393541
TI  - 6-Acetylmorphine: a natural product present in mammalian brain.
AB  - Recently, we described three substances in bovine hypothalamus, adrenal, and rat
      brain recognized by antisera raised against morphine, and we identified one as
      morphine and another as codeine by GC/MS. We now report the identification of the
      third immunoreactive (ir) morphinan from bovine brain as 6-acetylmorphine by
      chemical conversion to morphine, GC/MS, and high-resolution mass measurement. 6
      Acetylmorphine has not previously been described as a natural product in plants
      or animals, but it has long been known as the metabolite in part responsible for
      the biological properties of heroin. However, we have excluded slaughter-house or
      laboratory contamination by any morphinan as well as derivation from the morphine
      in tissues during our procedures. 6-Acetylmorphine is known to be more potent
      than morphine in vivo chiefly by virtue of its greater penetration into the
      central nervous system. Should morphinans prove to have physiological functions
      in animals, the properties of 6-acetylmorphine make it ideal for fulfilling the
      role of a peripheral-to-central hormone.

PMID- 3393542
TI  - Enhancement of allergic lung sensitization in mice by ozone inhalation.
AB  - Inhaled ozone was found to exert an enhancing effect for allergic lung
      sensitization when mice contracted an aerosolized allergen. The animals were
      exposed to ozone concentrations of 0.24, 0.16, 0.13, and 0.10 ppm. After 4 days
      of continuous ozone exposure, the mice had allergen contact from an aerosolized
      solution of ovalbumin. The animals were then maintained in ambient air for
      several days before the cycle of ozone and aerosolized allergen was repeated over
      four allergen contact cycles. Mice were rested in ambient air for a week after
      the last allergen contact, and they were then tested for allergic sensitization
      by the intravenous injection of 2 mg of ovalbumin to induce anaphylactic shock in
      allergic individuals. The control groups of mice were maintained in ambient air
      throughout the experiment, but they experienced identical allergen contact with
      the ozone-exposed mice. The phenomenon of allergic enhancement from ozone
      inhalation was detected at 0.24, 0.16, and 0.13 ppm of ozone. The enhancing
      effect disappeared at 0.10 ppm of ozone. The study indicated a potential for
      increasing the number of allergically sensitized individuals when various
      allergens are inhaled during periods of high ozone exposure with the consequent
      adverse changes on respiratory membranes. The significance to human health of the
      allergic enhancement phenomenon by ozone needs investigation.

PMID- 3393543
TI  - Anti-shock effects of human superoxide dismutase in splanchnic artery occlusion
      (SAO) shock.
AB  - We studied the effects of human superoxide dismutase (h-SOD) in splanchnic artery
      occlusion (SAO) shock. Pentobarbital anesthetized rats subjected to total
      occlusion of the superior mesenteric and the celiac arteries for 40 min developed
      a severe shock state usually resulting in a fatal outcome within 20 min after the
      release of the occlusion. h-SOD (10 mg/kg) was infused intravenously starting at
      reperfusion and lasting for 10 min. SAO shock rats treated with h-SOD maintained
      postreperfusion MABP at significantly higher values compared to rats receiving
      the vehicle (final MABP 84 +/- 6 vs 46 +/- 1 mm Hg, P less than 0.01,
      respectively). Treatment with h-SOD attenuated the plasma accumulation of free
      amino-nitrogen compounds (P less than 0.01 from vehicle) as well as the activity
      of the lysosomal protease cathepsin D (P less than 0.05 from vehicle).
      Furthermore, the plasma activity of a myocardial depressant factor was
      significantly lower in h-SOD-treated rats than in SAO rats receiving only the
      vehicle (27 +/- 1 vs 64 +/- 3 U/ml, P less than 0.01). SAO shock rats treated
      with h-SOD also exhibited a significantly higher survival rate than the SAO shock
      +/- vehicle group (88% vs 11%, P less than 0.01, respectively). These results
      support the role of oxygen-derived radicals in the pathophysiology of SAO shock,
      and indicate that h-SOD effectively ameliorates the deleterious effects of oxygen
      radicals in this severe model of ischemia and reperfusion.

PMID- 3393544
TI  - Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase in chick embryo hepatocytes: studies in ovo and in
      culture.
AB  - Tryptophan dioxygenase is a hemoprotein in its active form, which has a
      relatively low affinity for heme. From previous studies in rats, the ratio of
      holoenzyme/total enzyme activity of tryptophan dioxygenase has been proposed to
      reflect the size of a "free" heme pool in hepatocytes. Chick embryo hepatocytes
      in ovo and in culture are other systems that have proven useful for study of
      hepatic heme metabolism and its control. Heretofore, there have been few studies
      of tryptophan dioxygenase activity in chick embryo hepatocytes. As part of
      studies on hepatic heme metabolism, using two different assays, we have measured
      tryptophan dioxygenase activity and percentage of heme saturation of the enzyme
      in chick embryo livers cells in ovo and in culture. One method of assay relies on
      endogenous formamidase to generate the final product, kynurenine, which is
      measured directly, whereas the other method uses a chemical hydrolysis step to
      form kynurenine which is further diazotized prior to measurement. The latter
      method is shown to be preferable for studies with chick embryo hepatocytes. In
      addition, we show that (i) tryptophan dioxygenase activity is present and can be
      increased by tryptophan and phenobarbital-like drugs in chick embryo hepatocytes
      in ovo; (ii) total enzyme activity falls markedly in cultured hepatocytes despite
      the presence of high concentrations of glucocorticoids in the culture medium; and
      (iii) under all conditions studied thus far in the cultures, the enzyme is nearly
      saturated with heme. Results are discussed in relation to regulation of heme
      metabolism in chick embryo hepatocytes.

PMID- 3393545
TI  - Red blood cells protect endothelial cells against H2O2-mediated but not hyperoxia
      induced damage.
AB  - We studied the effect of intact red blood cells on the exogenous H2O2-mediated
      damage as well as on the hyperoxia-induced injury of cultured endothelial cells.
      Red blood cells protected endothelial cells against H2O2-mediated injury
      efficiently, but had no effect on the hyperoxia-induced damage. Failure of red
      blood cells to protect endothelial cells against hyperoxia-induced injury was not
      due to hemolysis. Furthermore, hyperoxia-exposed red blood cells were still
      capable of protecting endothelial cells against H2O2-mediated damage.

PMID- 3393547
TI  - Progress and controversies in oncological urology II. Proceedings of an
      international symposium. Amsterdam, March 19-21, 1987.

PMID- 3393546
TI  - Effect of beta-aminopropionitrile and ascorbate on fibroblast migration.
AB  - Ascorbate and beta-aminopropionitrile (BAPN) have direct, but diverse affects on
      collagen matrix production. Ascorbate is necessary for the intracellular
      hydroxylation of prolyl and lysyl residues during collagen biosynthesis whereas
      BAPN inhibits the enzyme lysyl oxidase in the extracellular space thus preventing
      collagen crosslink formation. To study the influence of these two agents on
      fibroplasia, an in vitro model was used to analyze fibroblast migration,
      proliferation, and collagen synthesis. Biopsies of chicken tendon were covered
      with a fibrin clot to simulate an in vivo wound environment, and then they were
      exposed to either ascorbate or BAPN for up to 7 days. Fibroblast migration into
      the fibrin clot was measured using a Zeiss Mopp II planimeter, DNA synthesis by
      125IUDR incorporation, and collagen synthesis by [3H]proline incorporation into
      collagenase-digestible protein. Tendon biopsies treated daily with fresh
      ascorbate (0.1 mM) had significantly greater fibroblast migration than controls
      without ascorbate (P less than 0.05). Cellular proliferation, collagen synthesis,
      and total protein synthesis were not significantly altered by ascorbate
      treatment. In contrast, BAPN inhibited fibroblast migration in a dose-dependent
      fashion without inhibiting proliferation (0.25 and 0.5 mM), collagen, and
      noncollagen protein synthesis. Therefore, the effect of BAPN on migration does
      not appear to be due to generalized cytotoxicity. These combined studies suggest
      that compounds such as ascorbate and BAPN which can modify collagen may also
      modify fibroblast migration.

PMID- 3393548
TI  - The role of transrectal aspiration biopsy in the diagnosis of carcinoma of the
      prostate.

PMID- 3393549
TI  - Background for screening: natural history and treatment.

PMID- 3393550
TI  - Screening for prostatic carcinoma--useful or not?
AB  - Screening of asymptomatic males for prostatic cancer by any means has not shown
      to date any benefit. There is a need to evaluate prostatic ultrasound with new
      equipment combining transaxial and sagittal rectal ultrasound with some markers
      and rectal exam in asymptomatic men between the ages of 55-70, with appropriate
      biopsy based on suspicious findings. Such a multicenter study has been organized
      in the United States. Based on such limited studies, results can be evaluated in
      5 years--and then the true place of screening for prostatic cancer tested if such
      pilot detection projects suggest sufficient merit.

PMID- 3393551
TI  - History and physical examination in prostatic cancer--which information is
      essential in diagnosis and follow up?

PMID- 3393552
TI  - Biopsy--minimal requirements, place of cytology, technique.

PMID- 3393553
TI  - Lymph node staging in potentially curable prostatic carcinoma.

PMID- 3393554
TI  - Incidental renal neoplasms: incidence in Los Angeles County, treatment and
      prognosis.
AB  - The proportion of 3232 malignant renal parenchymal tumors diagnosed at an
      asymptomatic stage in Los Angeles County over a 13 year period was 15%. A
      comparison of the proportion of tumors that were asymptomatic at diagnosis over
      two four year periods, showed no significant change. Asymptomatic tumors were
      localized to the kidney in 77.5% of cases and had produced metastases in 9.4%.
      Conversely, symptomatic tumors were localized in only 43.9% and had metastases in
      28%. These data are compared with recent literature concerning the incidence,
      diagnosis, pathology, prognosis and treatment of incidental renal neoplasms.

PMID- 3393555
TI  - Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in T3-4 N0-X M0 transitional cell carcinoma of the
      bladder. Problems of clinical and pathological evaluation of response.

PMID- 3393557
TI  - Routine screening for prostate cancer using the digital rectal examination.

PMID- 3393556
TI  - Combined radiotherapy, chemotherapy and surgery in the management of invasive
      bladder cancer.

PMID- 3393558
TI  - Bacterial endotoxins. Pathophysiological effects, clinical significance, and
      pharmacological control. Proceedings of an international conference. Amsterdam,
      The Netherlands, May 21-23, 1987.

PMID- 3393559
TI  - Quantification of the endotoxin-binding capacity of human transferrin.

PMID- 3393560
TI  - Possible involvement of platelet-activating factor in endotoxin-induced abortion.

PMID- 3393561
TI  - Endotoxin injection affects the Kupffer cell morphology in the rat liver.

PMID- 3393562
TI  - Uptake and deacylation of bacterial lipopolysaccharides in cultured rat
      hepatocytes.

PMID- 3393564
TI  - Measurement of endotoxin in the acute phase of septic shock.

PMID- 3393563
TI  - Endotoxemia, bacteremia and urosepsis.

PMID- 3393565
TI  - Endotoxaemia in multiple organ failure due to sepsis.
AB  - Patients with multiple organ failure secondary to intraabdominal sepsis are often
      blood culture negative despite exhibiting the features of septic shock. This
      study examined the possible central role of endotoxin in such patients. In 15
      consecutive intensive care patients with the above clinical picture endotoxin was
      measured by a chromogenic limulus (LAL) assay; on admission and thereafter 4
      hourly. Regular blood cultures and cultures of any primary septic focus were also
      performed and liver function was assessed by measurement of indocyanine-green
      clearance from plasma (ICGC). All 15 patients had significant endotoxaemia at
      least intermittently. No significant difference was observed between survivors (n
      = 5) and non-survivors (n = 10) in either initial or peak endotoxin levels,
      although the pattern of endotoxaemia differed with non-survivors exhibiting
      consistently high or steadily increasing levels. Of 5 patients with an intra
      abdominal (I/A) septic focus only one had a positive blood culture while 5 of 10
      patients with extra-abdominal (E/A) infection had positive cultures. Despite this
      the I/A group had higher initial and peak endotoxin levels. 3 patients with Gram
      positive septicaemia had significant endotoxaemia in the absence of any gram
      negative infection. Changes in ICGC appeared to be of useful prognostic
      significance. ICGC was significantly lower in the I/A group and in both groups
      there was a significant negative correlation between ICGC and the level of
      endotoxaemia. These results suggest that endotoxin may play a central role in the
      syndrome of multiple organ failure and further suggest that the endotoxin is
      endogenous (gut-derived) secondary to failure of hepatic filtration.

PMID- 3393566
TI  - Increased plasma levels of endotoxin and corresponding changes in circulatory
      performance in a porcine sepsis model: the effect of antibiotic administration.
AB  - Changes in endotoxin levels and cardiovascular performance during antibiotic
      therapy in septicemia were investigated in a porcine model. One group of animals
      (n = 9) received gentamicin 2 mg/kg intravenously infusion two hours after
      induction of sepsis with live E. coli bacteria. Another group (n = 7) served as
      non-treated septic controls. Plasma-levels of endotoxin increased significantly
      after antibiotic administration from 0.26 +/- 0.02 ng/ml before treatment (0
      hrs), to 1.1 +/- 0.3 ng/ml after two hours (p less than 0.01) and 2.1 +/- 0.98
      ng/ml four hours after treatment (p less than 0.01). In the control group no
      significant increase occurred in the observation period. No difference could be
      demonstrated between the groups with regard to the number of live bacteria in
      blood, either before or after treatment. When the data from all the animals were
      taken together for the first two hours following antibiotic administration a
      significant negative correlation (p less than 0.05) was demonstrated between
      changes in endotoxin levels and cardiac output. This correlation was significant
      for animals in which the levels of endotoxin increased above 0.5 ng/ml (p less
      than 0.05). The present study indicates that endotoxin is liberated after
      antibiotic administration during bacteremia, and that this increase correlates
      with cardiac performance.

PMID- 3393567
TI  - Systemic meningococcal disease: a model infection to study acute endotoxinemia in
      man.
AB  - Plasma LPS were quantitated in 40 patients with bacteriological verified systemic
      meningococcal infection (SMD). Twenty-two patients (55%) demonstrated LPS greater
      than 25 pg/ml. Fourteen patients with initial plasma LPS levels greater than 700
      pg/ml developed a severe septic shock, impaired renal function and extensive
      coagulopathy compared to 2 out of 26 patients with LPS levels below 700 pg/ml.
      Seven patients died due to the circulatory collapse and multiple organ failure
      all with initial LPS levels greater than 1,000 pg/ml. Initiation of antibiotic
      therapy did not result in further increase of plasma LPS concentration. LPS were
      cleared from the circulation with a half-life of 1.5-3 hours after initiation of
      antibiotic treatment with penicillin and chloramphenicol. The results suggest
      that plasma LPS are quantitatively related to the development of septic shock,
      multiple organ failure and death from these complications in SMD, making LPS
      measurement a direct prognostic marker.

PMID- 3393568
TI  - Spontaneous endotoxinaemia and onset of oral feeding in 80 preterm neonates.

PMID- 3393569
TI  - Hypersensitivity to endotoxin and mechanisms of host-response.
AB  - It was shown here that the lethal activity of endotoxin may be considerably
      enhanced in experimental animals treated with different agents. Some of these
      agents represent killed bacteria, bacterial products or hepatotoxic agents and
      their sensitizing effects may be relevant to the sensitization seen during gram
      negative infections. This study provided direct evidence that macrophages are
      cells mediating the lethal activity of endotoxin and that the direct interaction
      of LPS with macrophages is the first step in its initiation. Further, TNF is a
      macrophage mediator responsible for the induction of lethality. In normal animals
      as well as in the various sensitization models investigated, TNF alone was
      sufficient to induce lethality. Therefore, the stimulation of macrophages by LPS
      to produce TNF is a mechanism common to diverse lethality models. It would seem
      therefore that the complexity of endotoxicity in gram-negative infections is
      related primarily to the complexicity of the factors altering the susceptibility
      of the host rather than to be actual mechanisms of the lethal action of
      endotoxin. The identification of the factors leading to sensitization and their
      underlying mechanisms would contribute to a better understanding of the complex
      phenomenon endotoxicity.

PMID- 3393571
TI  - Generation of a protective human monoclonal for the treatment of gram-negative
      sepsis.
AB  - Using a combination of Epstein-Barr virus transformation and cell fusion to a
      mouse/human heteromyeloma cell line, we have generated a human monoclonal
      antibody, D234, that recognizes cross-reactive determinants on the lipopoly
      saccharides (LPS) of Gram-negative bacteria. Direct binding to a series of rough
      mutant LPSs and smooth LPSs demonstrates the broad cross-reactivity of this
      monoclonal. D234 inhibits Re LPS-induced chemiluminescence. In a murine model of
      Gram-negative sepsis, D234 given after infection significantly increases
      survival. This antibody may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of life
      threatening Gram-negative infections in humans.

PMID- 3393570
TI  - The horseshoe crab: a model for gram-negative sepsis in marine organisms and
      humans.
AB  - The roles of the amebocyte in providing hemostasis and controlling infection, and
      its reaction to endotoxin, suggest that the response of platelets and the blood
      coagulation system in various mammals to gram-negative infection or endotoxin is
      an evolutionary remnant of this ancient mechanism. In humans, this mechanism
      occasionally subverts its presumed protective function by overresponding in a
      manner that results in pathophysiologic thrombosis or hemorrhage. (In this
      regard, it is interesting that human platelets are much more resistant to the
      effects of bacterial endotoxins than are other species.) Similarly, the
      rudimentary ability of mammalian platelets to phagocytose particles and kill
      bacteria may be another remnant of functions that are more important in
      amebocytes (or the thrombocytes of other invertebrates). Thus, these two cells,
      one from an ancient invertebrate and the other from mammals, have remarkably
      similar characteristics, although the relative importance of their various
      functions has changed as evolution has taken place. Nevertheless, after at least
      400,000,000 years of evolution, coagulation and anti-bacterial mechanisms remain
      at least partially linked.

PMID- 3393572
TI  - Endotoxin interactions with serum proteins relationship to biological activity.

PMID- 3393573
TI  - The metabolic fate of endotoxins.

PMID- 3393574
TI  - [Triperidin (Norakin): separation, stability and structure of stereoisomers].
AB  - The antiparkinsonian triperiden (1; as hydrochloride Norakin) is a mixture of the
      stereoisomers 1a and 1b. Their identification and separation by chromatographic
      methods or fractional crystallisation of the tartrates is described. By means of
      IR- und 13C-NMR spectral data structures of 1a and 1b are proposed. Under proton
      catalysis 1b racemizes to 1a. In acidic solution (heating in 0.1 mol.1-1 HCl or
      storage in gastric juice at 37 degrees C) hydrolysis of 1 takes place and four
      isomeric products were observed (Z1-Z4), which arise by cleavage of the
      cyclopropyl moiety. The main product Z2 was identified as the 2"-hydroxy
      derivative. The solid drug is stable at least for 5 years.

PMID- 3393575
TI  - [The effect of indomethacin and dexamethasone on the excretion of epinephrine,
      levarterenol and dopamine in the urine of rats with adjuvant arthritis].
AB  - The repeated application of indometacine or dexamethasone on rats with adjuvant
      arthritis results in a most cases significant inhibition of the arthritis in the
      primary and secondary phase as well as in a normalisation of the increased
      urinary excretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine of untreated arthritis rats.
      The dopamine excretion of adjuvant arthritis rats was also higher then the
      prepared rats. We suppose, that the results show the regulative endogenous
      excretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine in inflammatory processes.
      Consequently these drugs have essentially antiinflammatory activities. The
      inhibition of the inflammation is than connected with the normalisation of the
      excretion of catecholamines.

PMID- 3393576
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of pralidoxime chloride and its correlation to therapeutic
      efficacy against diisopropyl fluorophosphate intoxication in rats.
AB  - A two compartment system is used to study the therapeutic efficacy of pralidoxime
      chloride (1) along with a suitable pretreatment against diisopropyl
      fluorophosphate (2) intoxication in rats. The data were analyzed by standard
      techniques. Though thiamine hydrochloride pretreatment prolonged the biological
      half-life of 1 but it failed to increase the protective efficacy of 1, on the
      other hand sodium hydrogen carbonate pretreatment augmented the protective action
      of 1 without altering its biological half-life appreciably, through increased
      distribution of 1 into tissue compartment.

PMID- 3393577
TI  - Conformation and biological studies of synthesized Trp4-Met5 enkephalin N
      protected with 3,5-dimethoxy-alpha, alpha-dimethylbenzoylcarbonyl group.
AB  - A highly purified Trp4-Met5 enkephalin was synthesized using liquid phase method
      of peptide synthesis. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) ans 3,5-dimethoxy-alpha, alpha
      dimethylbenzoylcarbonyl group (Ddz) were used as blocking groups for C- and N
      terminals, respectively. Ddz group proved to be the suitable N-protecting group
      for tryptophan-containing peptide. Its acid sensitivity permits mild cleavage
      without damage to tryptophan. Attachment of methionine with PEG was catalyzed by
      18-crown-6. This raised the yield of incorporation from 36 to 98%. Morphine like
      activity of the prepared peptide was tested by injection into the lateral brain
      ventricle of the rat. It has a highly biological potency. Conformational studies
      in solution by CD, energy transfer and in solid state by IR spectroscopy
      indicated that Trp4-Met5 enkephalin adopts a beta-turn conformation. The
      intramolecular distance between Tyr and Trp was 11.6 A.

PMID- 3393578
TI  - [Cultivated aortic cells--demonstration of muscarinic receptors and reaction
      behavior in the presence of acetylcholine].
AB  - Using the muscarinic ligand 3H-quinuclidinyl benzilate the presence of muscarinic
      receptors on cells isolated from aortas of newborn rats and cultivated for 6 d
      could be shown. The number of receptors per cell was estimated with 17,400 on
      cells of confluent and with 87,100 on cells of nonconfluent cultures. Incubation
      of cells with increasing concentrations of acetylcholine in the range of 10(-13)
      10(-7) mol.l-1 resulted in the reaction of growing numbers of cells following the
      all-or-nothing-law. Physiological concentrations of acetylcholine lead to
      contractions, showing that dilatations of blood vessels after application of
      acetylcholine in situ are caused by reaction products of endothelial cells, being
      absent in the cultures.

PMID- 3393579
TI  - Studies on contamination of vegetable drugs with halogen derivative pesticides.
      Part 1: Changes of concentrations of halogen derivatives in herbal raw materials
      within the period of 1980-1984.
AB  - Levels of concentration of halogen derivatives (p,p'-DDT with metabolites p,p'
      DDD and p,p'-DDE, HCH, DMDT, aldrin, dieldrin) and their changes in herbal raw
      materials commercially manufactured in Poland within the period of 1980-1984 have
      been analyzed (qualitative analyses by TLC, quantitation by GLC). Higher levels
      of these compounds in 1982 as compared with the periods of 1980-1981 and 1983
      1984 has been noticed.

PMID- 3393580
TI  - Washout time versus mean residence time.
AB  - The relationship between washout time and mean residence time (MRT) of drug is
      evaluated for pharmacokinetic systems showing either convex disposition curves
      (bolus i.v. administration) or concave oral curves in a semilogarithmic plot.
      Generalizing the classical one-compartment approach bounds on the washout times
      (time for 63.2% or 90% of the dose to be eliminated) are derived and the
      importance of the distribution process of drug in the body as an influencing
      factor is emphasized. It is shown that under certain conditions a useful first
      approximation of MRT can be estimated from the cumulative amount excreted into
      urine up to some time t. Theoretical evidence is provided that in general a
      washout period of about 5 MRT should be sufficient for practical purposes.

PMID- 3393581
TI  - Stability of the chemical xenogenization inducer, MM-COOK, possible metabolite of
      the antimetastatic agent, DM-COOK: a kinetic investigation.

PMID- 3393582
TI  - [Comparative stability test of epinephrine, isoprenaline, physostigmine,
      promethazine and ascorbic acid solutions].

PMID- 3393583
TI  - 15N NMR in the analysis of drugs. Part 3: Characterization of some
      antiepileptics.

PMID- 3393584
TI  - Effect of ionic strength on the stability of norfloxacin.

PMID- 3393585
TI  - [Preparation, detection and pharmacokinetic behavior of pholedrine sulfuric acid
      ester. 2. Transformation of pholedrin and pholedrin sulfuric acid esters with
      dinitroflorobenzene].

PMID- 3393586
TI  - Investigation of the properties of Elcema G 250 tablets relative to the type of
      disintegrant used.

PMID- 3393587
TI  - [The yawning behavior of rats following application of dopaminergic agonists-
      dose and time effect relationship].

PMID- 3393588
TI  - Antifungal efficacy of some essential oils.

PMID- 3393590
TI  - [The Pharmacopoeia of the German Democratic Republic in the 1987 bound edition
      (AB-DDR 87)].

PMID- 3393589
TI  - Spermicidal potential and chemical analysis of Ophiopogon intermedius (rhizomes).

PMID- 3393591
TI  - Synthesis and reactions of some delta beta,gamma-butenolides with a study of
      their biological activity.
AB  - alpha-(2-Thienylidene)-gamma-aryl-delta beta,gamma-butenolides 1 are prepared by
      condensing thiophene-2-aldehyde with beta-aroylpropionic acids in sodium acetate
      acetic anhydride mixture. The butenolides react with ammonia in ethanol to give
      the corresponding 5-oxo-2-pyrrolines 2. Hydrazine hydrate reacts with the
      butenolides 1 with the formation of the corresponding acrylic acid hydrazides 3.
      Ring closure of the latter hydrazides with hydrochloric/acetic acid mixture gives
      the pyridazinones 4. The biological activity of the synthesized compounds is
      tested against bacterial and yeast strains. The butenolides 1 and the
      oxopyrrolines 2 inhibit the growth of yeast and gram-negative strain. The
      hydrazides 3 and the pyridazinones 4 are effective on gram-positive strains.

PMID- 3393592
TI  - Synthesis of p-menthane derivatives with potential biological activity.
AB  - The synthesis of amino ketones and amino alcohols in p-menthane series is
      presented. These compounds were obtained in Mannich reaction, starting from the
      unsaturated ketone p-mentha-6,8-dien-2-one and its saturated analogue p-menthan-2
      one. The structures of the compounds obtained were established by means of
      chemical transformations and elemental and spectral (IR, 1H NMR) analysis. The
      compounds obtained were subjected to the pharmacological investigations.

PMID- 3393593
TI  - [Synthesis of metabolites of the bladder spasmolytic propiverin hydrochloride
      (Mictonorm)].
AB  - The bladder spasmolytic propiverine hydrochloride is subject of an extensive
      metabolism in the animal and human body. Various consequent products could be
      detected. The synthesis and characterization of some compounds are reported.

PMID- 3393594
TI  - Studies on the metabolic pattern of propiverine in urine after single
      administration.
AB  - In 11 healthy volunteers the metabolic pattern of propiverine [1; alpha, alpha
      diphenyl-n-propoxy-1, 2-acetic acid-4-(1-methyl-piperidinyl)ester] was studied in
      urine after a single i.v. (5 mg) or oral dose (15 mg). To each dose 30.4 microCi
      (1.11 MBq) 14C-1 were added. The various urine fractions (0-1, 1-4, 4-8, 8-24 h)
      were extracted by chloroform and ethyl acetate at different pH-values and TLC was
      performed. The metabolites were identified by comparison of the RF-values of the
      radiochromatograms with those of the reference compounds after TLC using various
      solvent mixtures. Evidence for identity of the metabolites was additionally
      obtained by ester hydrolysis, ether cleavage or reduction with subsequent TLC
      after elution of the spots from the plate. The formed products were
      rechromatographed. 1 undergoes an extensive biotransformation: about 70% of the
      radioactive substances in urine consisted of 19 different metabolites, while 1
      amounted to only 3%. Additionally, 3 acidic metabolites of unknown structure were
      isolated. Due to the metabolic pattern the following reactions of degradation
      were found: oxidation of the tertiary nitrogen in the piperidinyl moiety yielding
      N-oxides (40 to 50% of radioactivity), oxidation of one of the three carbon atoms
      of the propyl side chain, oxidation of the N-methyl group resulting in N
      demethylated products, and ester cleavage. Propiverine N-oxide (20 to 25%) was
      determined as a major metabolite, whereas demethylated products occurred in
      minute amounts (1%). There was no evidence for oxidation of both phenyl moieties.

PMID- 3393595
TI  - [The biotransformation of propiverin hydrochloride (Mictonorm)].
AB  - Propiverine hydrochloride [1; hydrochloride of O-n-Propyl-(N-methylpiperidinyl-4)
      benzilate; Mictonorm] is metabolized after p.o. application of 25 mg/kg on rats
      almost completely. Besides of small amounts of unchanged 1 in urine were detected
      the phase-I metabolites N-methylpiperidinyl(4)-benzilate (2), 2,2-diphenyl-5
      methyl-1, 4-dioxan-3-on (3), N-oxide of 2 (4), benzilic acid (5) and O-n
      propylbenzilic acid (6) using ms, dc and hplc comparison of the isolated
      compounds with authentic samples. The structure of further metabolites, i.e.
      monohydroxy-benzophenone (7), acetoxy-1-derivatives (8) and ethylbenzilate (9)
      were elucidated by high resolution MS.

PMID- 3393596
TI  - [The determination of clonidine by charge-transfer-complex formation with
      iodine].
AB  - The donor clonidine (1) forms a charge-transfer-complex of stoichiometric
      composition 1:1 with the sigma-acceptor iodine. The association constant was
      determined by means of the Hildebrand-Beneshi equation being 38,000 l/mol. At
      first it forms an outer complex, characterized by charge-transfer band at 285 nm
      and the blue-shifted iodine band at 393 nm. From this complex the inner ionic
      complex results depending on time in which iodine iones arise reacting with
      unconnected iodine to triiodiones. These show absorptions at 291 and 364 nm.
      Resulting from it an assay of 1 worked out. The regression line is y = (4.370 +/-
      0.256) x + (0.411 +/- 0.053), Srel = 1.3% (n = 10) and the linear range is placed
      between 0.01-0.25 mg/10 ml solution.

PMID- 3393597
TI  - Platelet 3H-imipramine binding and response to minaprine in patients with major
      depression.
AB  - Platelet 3H-imipramine binding was studied in 37 patients fulfilling Research
      Diagnostic Criteria for major depressive disorder, examined before and after four
      weeks of treatment with minaprine 200 mg/day, and in 19 healthy controls. Mean
      baseline Bmax values of depressed patients were found to be significantly lower
      than those of controls, while no significant difference between the two groups
      was observed with respect to mean Kd. Treatment with minaprine did not
      significantly affect Bmax or Kd in depressed patients. When patients who
      responded to treatment (n = 18) were compared with nonresponders (n = 19), mean
      baseline Bmax values were found to be significantly lower in the former group,
      whereas mean Kd values did not differ. It is hypothesized that reduced 3H
      imipramine binding may represent a predictor of a favorable response to
      antidepressant drugs which potentiate serotonergic transmission.

PMID- 3393598
TI  - Analgesic effect of acetylsalicylic acid and lithium as measured with the CO2
      laser stimulator.

PMID- 3393600
TI  - Verapamil injections in the peripeduncular nucleus suppress multiunit evoked
      activity and sexual receptivity in female rats.
AB  - Using a combination of injection cannula and recording electrode, the effect of 1
      microliter of 3 mM verapamil upon the multiunit responses evoked in the
      peripeduncular nucleus (PPN) by electric stimuli applied to the pudendal nerves
      in urethane anesthetized proestrous female rats was studied in 9 experiments. It
      was observed that in 6 cases responses were suppressed after the injection and in
      2 other cases there was a marked decrease, whereas no change was observed in 1
      case. Similar injections of vehicle (saline) produced no change (7 rats) or small
      and short lasting depression of evoked activity (4 rats). Similar injections of
      verapamil applied to a region of the mesencephalic reticular formation caudal to
      the PPN, presumably containing fibers that carry evoked activity towards the PPN,
      had no effect on evoked multiunit activity in the PPN. Injection of 2% Xylocaine
      in the same site in the same animal eliminated the evoked responses. These
      experiments support our hypothesis that verapamil suppressed evoked responses in
      the PPN blocking Ca++-dependent release of neurotransmitter at local synapsis,
      without interfering with fiber conduction of neural activity. Based on this
      assumption we used identical injections to test the hypothesis that activation of
      neurons in the PPN is necessary for the performance of lordotic behavior in
      ovariectomized rats primed with estradiol benzoate. Guide cannulae aimed at the
      PPN were implanted in castrated females which were then primed with enough
      estradiol benzoate to induce sexual receptivity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3393599
TI  - Effect of meal frequency on fluid balance and behavior of ponies.
AB  - Twelve ponies were fed their total daily ration either as one large meal or
      divided into six small meals. Pre- and post-feeding behavior was recorded six
      times a day. Blood samples were taken for 30 min before and two hr after the
      meal. Plasma protein increased from 7.0 to a peak of 7.3 g/dl with small meals
      and from 7.3 to 8.1 g/dl with large meals, and returned to pre-feeding levels by
      90 min post-feeding. Hematocrit rose from 33.3 to 34.1% with small meals and from
      33.0 to 36.0% with large meals. These rapid and short-lived increases indicate a
      decrease in plasma volume. Plasma osmolality rose with feeding from 283 to 285
      mosmoles/kg with small meals and from 281 to 288 mosmoles/kg with large meals.
      Water availability had no significant effect on blood changes. Digestibility and
      rate of passage were measured with chromic oxide, but there were no differences.
      Vocalizing (neighing) and walking occurred more often before than after feeding,
      while eating bedding and engaging in other oral behaviors were more frequent
      after feeding.

PMID- 3393601
TI  - Reaction time, impulse speed, overall synaptic delay and number of synapses in
      tactile reaction neuronal circuits of normal subjects and thinner sniffers.
AB  - In control subjects, warned auditory reaction time (RT) for a given effector
      organ was less than the warned visual RT for the same organ. The RT of the
      circuits between eye or ear or sites of tactile stimulation (SOS) and the index
      fingers were significantly shorter than that between eye or ear or the same SOS
      and the right or left big toes. The greater the distance between the SOS and the
      brain the longer the RT of the response by a given effector organ. The overall
      signal speed (OASS) from the neck to the index finger was less than that from the
      neck to the big toe. The OASS from the neck to a given effector was less than
      that from the toe to the same effector. Sensory nerve impulse speed was slightly
      faster than motor nerve impulse speed. The overall synaptic delay and estimated
      number of synapses (ENOS) of simple tactile reaction neuronal circuits of normal
      subjects did not significantly vary with site of tactile stimulation or effector
      organ. The mean number of synapses of various tactile reaction neuronal circuits
      of normal subjects was estimated to be between 69 and 77, which is far greater
      than the number of synapses in the touch-tactile and motor pathways combined. The
      overall synaptic delay in the tactile reaction neuronal circuits between SOS and
      the left and right big toes were significantly lower in sniffers than in control
      subjects. This may be due to a decrease in either the average synaptic delay, the
      number of synapses, or both in the tactile reaction neuronal circuits between
      sites of stimulation and big toes (but not index fingers) in sniffers.

PMID- 3393602
TI  - Behavioural energy regulation in lean and genetically obese (ob/ob) mice.
AB  - The role of behaviour in the control of energy regulation has been investigated
      in relation to environmental temperature, nutrition and genetics. Techniques of
      operant conditioning were used, with lean and genetically obese (ob/ob) mice
      being tested at three environmental temperatures (10, 20 and 30 degrees C) and on
      two feeding regimes (after a 24 hr fast and after feeding ad lib). They were
      allowed access to heat and food, although the design of the apparatus ensured
      that both were not available simultaneously. Both the lean and ob/ob showed an
      initial preference for heat when tested in a cold environment. At a low ambient
      temperature the ob/ob were dependent on the heater rather than food to increase
      rectal temperature, both when fasted and when fed. By contrast, the lean had a
      lower demand for heat than the obese and used the time to explore the environment
      and to feed. Food intake increased with an increase in ambient temperature in
      both genotypes. Possible reasons for this are discussed.

PMID- 3393603
TI  - Aversive conditioning of homozygous and heterozygous D.I. Brattleboro rats in the
      light-dark box.
AB  - Active and passive avoidance, and conditioned freezing acquisition and retention
      were studied in HODI and HEDI Brattleboro rats. All animals were from the same
      source and of the same age and sex. The light-dark box test was employed. 0.6 and
      2.0 mA footshocks were administered for the same number (7) of daily trials.
      Extinction time-course was followed for seven consecutive daily trials. Passive
      avoidance: the conditioned response was acquired and retained equally well by all
      Ss and for both shock intensities. Active avoidance: for 0.6 mA shocks HODI Ss
      acquired and retained the response significantly better than HEDI Ss; for 2.0 mA
      shocks the response was acquired equally by both groups of Ss, and retained
      significantly better by HODI Ss. Freezing: in general, HODI Ss exhibited less
      freezing then HEDI Ss. The diverse conditioned behavior of HODI and HEDI Ss in
      this paradigm, which allows the contemporaneous investigation of several aversive
      responses, does not support the hypothesis that vasopressin deficiency impairs
      learning and memory in the rat.

PMID- 3393604
TI  - The effect of a calcium antagonist on the retention of simple associational
      learning.
AB  - Using a newly developed training paradigm, rats were trained to associate a
      spatial location and a black interior with mild footshock and another adjacent
      location with white interior with the absence of footshock in three independent
      experiments. Retention of these associations was measured 24 and 48 hr after
      training in situation in which the animals could move freely between the black
      and white locations over a 90 sec test. Other rats were subjected to a control
      procedure in which shock was received on both the black and the white sides of
      the apparatus. In each of the experiments, half of the animals in the
      experimental and the control groups were trained following the administration of
      the calcium slow channel blocking agent, nimodipine (5 mg/kg), and the other half
      after saline administration. In experiment 1, the injections were given 15 min
      before training. In experiment 2, the injections were given chronically, over a 6
      day period before training. In experiment 3, the animals were given a single
      injection 7 days before training. In all cases, retention was examined both 24
      and 48 hr after training. The results were that the experimental procedures
      produce a strong aversion to the black portion of the apparatus. The greatest
      amount of retention was found in animals that had received the chronic
      injections, whether they were of saline or of nimodipine. In every aspect of
      retention in which the saline-treated rats were less than perfect in retention,
      the nimodipine animals exhibited superior performance.

PMID- 3393605
TI  - Neonatal testosterone administration, but not in utero contiguity to males,
      augments the display of male sexual behavior by testosterone-treated adult female
      mice.
AB  - Male copulatory behavior of adult female mice given slow-release capsules of
      testosterone was examined in animals that developed in utero contiguous to two
      males (mFm) or to two females (fFf). Other females of unspecified uterine
      position which were injected with testosterone propionate on the day of birth as
      well as intact males also were examined. mFm and fFf females did not differ on
      any measure; latency to the first mount, number of mount bouts, number of mount
      bouts with genital thrusting. The perinatally androgenized females exhibited more
      mount bouts and more bouts accompanied by genital thrusting than did mFm and fFf
      subjects. The former also displayed more mount bouts with thrusting on the second
      pair of tests than males. Lastly, a greater proportion of perinatally
      androgenized females than mFm or fFf animals displayed male sexual behavior two
      weeks following removal of the testosterone-containing capsule.

PMID- 3393606
TI  - Evidence implicating aromatization of testosterone in the regulation of male
      ferret sexual behavior.
AB  - We compared the effects of the aromatase inhibitor, 1,4,6-androstatriene-3,17
      dione (ATD) and castration on the expression of mating behavior in adult male
      ferrets which were in breeding condition. Males implanted SC with Silastic
      capsules containing ATD displayed significantly less neck gripping, mounting and
      intromittive behavior than intact males which received empty capsules, although
      the ATD-induced reductions in behavior were not as large as those seen after
      castration. ATD had no effect on mating behavior in castrated males. As reported
      in another publication, brain aromatase activity was significantly reduced in
      both the intact and castrated males treated with ATD in the present study. Plasma
      estradiol (E2) levels were uniformly low in intact and castrated males,
      regardless of whether they received ATD or no steroid. As expected, plasma
      testosterone (T) levels were significantly lower in castrated than in intact
      males, and ATD treatment did not affect these values. These results suggest that
      E2 formed via the neural aromatization of T contributes to the activation of
      masculine sexual behavior in intact male ferrets in breeding condition.

PMID- 3393607
TI  - Potent inhibition of non-opioid defeat analgesia in male mice by benzodiazepine
      antagonist Ro15-3505.
AB  - In male mice, defeat in social encounters is associated with an acute non-opioid
      analgesia, a reaction that may also be seen in response to the scent of a
      territorial conspecific. As this form of pain inhibition is blocked by diazepam
      and Ro15-1788, benzodiazepine receptor mediation has been proposed. To further
      test this hypothesis, the effects of a novel benzodiazepine receptor antagonist
      (Ro15-3505; 0.625-20 mg/kg) on basal nociception and defeat analgesia have been
      examined. Results show that, although devoid of intrinsic activity on the mouse
      tail-flick assay, Ro15-3505 totally blocks the analgesic consequences of defeat
      at doses above 1.25 mg/kg. Despite certain inconsistencies in the literature,
      present data provide further support for benzodiazepine receptor mediation of
      this ecologically-relevant form of pain inhibition.

PMID- 3393608
TI  - Intracerebroventricular alloxan reduces 2-deoxy-D-glucose analgesia.
AB  - 2-Deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) analgesia, mediated in part by endogenous opiate and
      hypothalamo-hypophysial systems is presumably activated by its stress-related
      properties. Recently 2DG hyperphagia, but not 2DG hyperglycemia was reduced by
      central pretreatment with the pancreatic beta-cell toxin, alloxan; this deficit
      was eliminated by co-administration of 3M D-glucose. The present experiment
      examined whether intracerebroventricular pretreatment with alloxan (40 or 200
      micrograms) altered 2DG analgesia (400 or 700 mg/kg, IP) on the tail-flick and
      jump tests, and whether 3M D-glucose co-administration ameliorated any deficits.
      Both alloxan doses significantly reduced 2DG analgesia (400 mg/kg) on both tests.
      2DG analgesia (700 mg/kg) was significantly reduced by both alloxan doses on the
      jump test, but only by the higher alloxan pretreatment on the tail-flick test. 3M
      D-glucose co-administration ameliorated alloxan-induced analgesic deficits more
      effectively at the lower 2DG dose. Neither alloxan nor alloxan/3M D-glucose
      treatments altered basal thresholds. These data pertain both to alloxan's effects
      upon coding of 2DG effects as stressful, and to the role of diabetes and/or
      central glucoreceptors in analgesic processes.

PMID- 3393609
TI  - Effect of pre-feeding ammonium acetate on food intake of rats fed high protein
      diets.
AB  - The effect on intake of a 75% casein diet after prefeeding for one week a 6%
      casein basal diet with additional 0%, 2%, 5%, 8% or 15% ammonium acetate was
      examined in rats trained to eat in three hours per day. Food intake was measured
      from 0-15, 15-30, 30-90, and 90-180 minutes for the first two days that the
      ammonium acetate diets were presented. Rats eating 5% and 8% or 15% ammonium
      acetate diet depressed their intake significantly for one day and for four days
      respectively. Rats eating 2%, 5%, 8%, or 15% ammonium acetate diets depressed
      their intake significantly from 0-30 minutes. When presented with the 75% casein
      diet, rats prefed 0% to 5% and 8% and 15% ammonium acetate diets ate 55% to 58%
      and 72% and 94% of their respective baseline intakes. It is suggested that
      prefeeding 15% ammonium acetate apparently induces sufficient metabolic
      adaptation to ammonia intake so that the rat is able to offset the metabolic
      consequences of intake of the 75% casein diet, thus preventing the usual food
      intake depressing effect of the high protein diet.

PMID- 3393611
TI  - A coherent pattern among social behavior, blood pressure, corticosterone and
      catecholamine measures in individual male rats.
AB  - Behavioral and physiological responses of 18 chronically cannulated male TMD-S3
      rats were assessed during various social interactions with conspecifics, both
      with and without the possibility for physical contact (social vs. psychosocial
      stimulation). Response magnitudes (behavior, blood pressure, plasma
      catecholamines) depend upon both the social environmental requirements (offense,
      defense, psychosocial stimulus following defense) and individual characteristics.
      The more competitive males generally reacted with higher responses of blood
      pressure and catecholamines than more passive rats. In addition, these
      competitive males had higher baseline levels of noradrenaline. The present
      experiment shows that male rats differ in the individual sympathetic tone and
      reactivity in relation to their behavior in a social environment.

PMID- 3393610
TI  - Diurnal rhythms of body temperature, drinking and activity over reproductive
      cycles.
AB  - These studies describe diurnal rhythm changes in female rats during gestation and
      lactation. In Experiment I, we measured the diurnal temperature rhythm (DTR) of
      20 females through gestation, lactation and the post-lactational period and found
      that rhythm amplitude decreased during gestation and increased during lactation.
      Phase changes were also common features of the DTR during these states. In
      Experiment II, we measured drinking rhythms in 12 females during lactation and
      post-lactation and found phase and amplitude changes that were similar to the DTR
      changes seen in Experiment I. In Experiment III, we correlated the behavior of
      lactating females with their DTR and found that there was a consistent internal
      organization between behavior and Tb regardless of the degree of change in the
      DTR during the postpartum period. Females showing large phase changes in their
      DTR patterns were distinguishable from those showing smaller phase changes,
      however, on the basis of the absolute temporal organization of their behavior
      during lactation. All phase and amplitude changes disappeared immediately after
      pups were removed from the cage.

PMID- 3393612
TI  - Salt appetite during pregnancy in sheep.
AB  - Sodium preference was examined in three groups of sheep which had all sustained
      two consecutive pregnancies and lactations on either adequate sodium intakes
      (group C) or low sodium diets (B and C). Group B received a potassium supplement
      as well as a low sodium diet during the present experiment. No convincing or
      sustained increase in sodium preference resulted from the reduction in body
      sodium caused by pregnancy and lactation in group B or C, whether the sodium
      solutions offered were 40 or 300 mmol/l. In a second experiment, sodium
      preference (sodium bicarbonate, 40 mmol/l) was studied throughout pregnancy in
      sheep on low or adequate sodium diets, also non-pregnant controls on low sodium
      diets. Again, pregnancy on a low sodium intake failed to intensify salt appetite
      except for a transient (but significant) peak around d90, close to the peak of
      aldosterone secretion; a similar increase in preference occurred on the adequate
      sodium diet. However, salt appetite failed to intensify during the period of peak
      sodium demand (the last third of pregnancy) whereas renal and faecal sodium
      conservation are appropriately increased.

PMID- 3393613
TI  - A new method for the artificial raising of infant rats: the palate cannula.
AB  - Chronic removal of infant rats from their mother prior to the onset of weaning is
      complicated by the fact that young rats do not easily suckle from an artificial
      nipple. Thus, a method of artificial raising is advantageous for developmental
      investigations of nutrition or ingestive behaviors during the suckling period.
      The intragastric cannula has become a popular method for this purpose. However,
      for many studies, it would be advantageous if the diet could be administered to
      the mouth and actually swallowed by the young rat. We developed a new cannulation
      procedure which accomplishes these goals. Infant rats were removed from their
      mother on postnatal day 13 and fitted with a cannula that opened into the oral
      cavity through the hard palate. Liquid diet was administered by an infusion pump
      through the cannula for the subsequent 5 days. Growth was assessed by daily
      measures of body and organ weight. The results indicate that from postnatal day
      13 on, the palate cannula can allow the continuation of normal growth patterns
      and eliminates certain complicating factors associated with other forms of
      artificial raising.

PMID- 3393614
TI  - Red blood cell/plasma choline ratio in elderly depressed and demented patients.
AB  - In further study of red blood cell (RBC) and plasma choline concentrations in 160
      elderly subjects, we found no significant differences in RBC/plasma choline
      ratios among depressed, demented, and healthy subjects. On the basis of a smaller
      sample, we had earlier reported that a significantly higher proportion of
      Alzheimer patients had RBC/plasma choline ratios greater than 1.9. Thus, it now
      appears that static RBC choline levels cannot be recommended as a specific marker
      of Alzheimer's dementia. However, within subgroups of these diagnostic
      categories, determined by RBC/plasma choline ratios less than or equal to 1.9 or
      greater than 1.9, consistent differences in electroencephalographic (EEG) sleep
      measures were found. The subgroup of demented patients with a RBC/plasma choline
      ratio greater than 1.9 was more impaired on the Blessed Dementia Rating Scale and
      had less rapid eye movement (REM) sleep than the subgroup with a choline ratio
      less than or equal to 1.9. Similarly, depressives with a choline ratio less than
      or equal to 1.9 had a lower REM latency than depressives with a choline ratio
      greater than 1.9. Finally, depressed-demented (i.e., mixed-symptom) patients with
      a choline ratio greater than 1.9 showed less sleep continuity disturbance but
      more indeterminate non-REM sleep (reflecting loss of spindles and K-complexes)
      than those with lower choline ratios. These differences parallel those previously
      reported for diagnostically "pure" depressed and demented patients, and they
      suggest a possible link between peripheral RBC/plasma choline measures and
      central nervous system function as reflected in sleep physiological alterations.

PMID- 3393615
TI  - Naloxone and ECT-induced prolactin release.

PMID- 3393616
TI  - Toward construct validity for DSM-III Axis V.
AB  - This study investigates the construct validity of DSM-III Axis V ratings, made in
      diverse clinical settings, by means of independent assessments of adaptive
      functioning. Three hundred and sixty-two patients received supervised multiaxial
      assessments and were then blindly reinterviewed with the Psychiatric Epidemiology
      Research Interview, which contains scales measuring various aspects of social and
      occupational functioning. A subsample of 154 patients received a second
      independent interview that assessed characteristics of the individuals' social
      networks. The results indicate that Axis V ratings (1) demonstrate predictable
      diagnostic and demographic group differences, and (2) are determined by both
      social and occupational variables, but occupational factors predominate. The
      significance of the results for defining the adaptive functioning construct, for
      methods of assessment, and for the revisions of Axis V in DSM-III-R, is
      discussed.

PMID- 3393617
TI  - DBH, MHPG, and MAO in children with depressive, anxiety, and conduct disorders:
      relationship to diagnosis and symptom ratings.
AB  - Plasma 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), plasma dopamine-beta-hydroxylase
      (DBH) activity, and platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) were obtained in 42 boys (7
      14 years old) consecutively evaluated at a community mental health clinic. The
      boys were diagnosed according to DSM-III criteria by a child psychiatrist using a
      semistructured interview with the parent and child. The Revised Behavior Problem
      Checklist (RBPC) and the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS) were
      consecutively obtained on the last 24 subjects. No relationship of any of the
      plasma measures was found with respect to the DSM-III diagnoses. Plasma MHPG was
      positively correlated with the parent's rating of the child's anxiety on the
      Anxiety-Withdrawal factor of the RBPC. Plasma MHPG as well as platelet MAO
      activity, correlated positively with the child's self-rating of anxiety on the
      RCMAS. Children classified by the RBPC as having high conduct symptoms and low
      anxiety symptoms had significantly lower plasma MHPG than those subjects with low
      conduct problems and high anxiety. Platelet MAO activity was found to be
      negatively correlated to the child's score on the Lie Scale of the RCMAS.

PMID- 3393619
TI  - Mood and orthostatic norepinephrine response in anorexia nervosa.
AB  - The relationship between mood and noradrenergic activity, measured by orthostatic
      norepinephrine response (delta NE), was investigated in 24 patients with anorexia
      nervosa during inpatient treatment. Mood and delta NE correlated significantly at
      four out of five measurement points. Group comparisons identified significantly
      worse mood in patients with pathologically low delta NE values. Thus, biological
      consequences of altered eating behavior may also affect such psychological
      symptoms as depressed mood.

PMID- 3393618
TI  - Chronic caffeine consumption and the dexamethasone suppression test in
      depression.
AB  - Acute caffeine administration increases cortisol and converts the dexamethasone
      suppression test (DST) to nonsuppression in normal humans; data concerning
      chronic administration as well as effects in depressed patients are minimal. To
      determine whether caffeine intake influenced DST results in depression, we
      retrospectively studied the relationship between regular daily caffeine
      consumption and pretreatment DST status in major depressives. Daily intake was
      not correlated with either post-DST cortisol levels or symptom ratings. These
      data suggest that chronic caffeine use is unlikely to be a major factor in
      dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in depression, perhaps
      because of the development of tolerance.

PMID- 3393620
TI  - Autonomic changes after treatment of agoraphobia with panic attacks.
AB  - Twenty-three patients meeting DSM-III criteria for agoraphobia with panic attacks
      and 14 age-, race-, and sex-matched nonanxious controls were tested in the
      laboratory and on a test walk in a shopping mall. The patients were tested before
      and after about 15 weeks of treatment with placebo and exposure therapy,
      imipramine and exposure therapy, or imipramine and initial antiexposure
      instructions. Controls were tested twice at a similar interval, but without any
      treatment. On test day 1, patients compared to controls showed higher average
      heart rate and skin conductance levels and greater numbers of skin conductance
      fluctuations in the laboratory, and higher heart rates before and during the test
      walk. Between pretreatment and posttreatment tests, clinical ratings improved and
      skin conductance levels decreased in all treatment groups. Heart rate levels in
      the laboratory, on the other hand, decreased in patients on placebo and rose in
      patients on imipramine. Thus, imipramine compromises the usefulness of heart rate
      as a measure of emotional arousal. Higher pretreatment heart rates predicted
      greater clinical improvement.

PMID- 3393621
TI  - Time factors in combined exposures of mouse embryos to radiation and mercury.
AB  - There are situations in which the exposure to more than one agent results in an
      enhanced risk for the exposed organism, that is in which the observed effect
      exceeds the effect expected from the addition of the individual effects. Our
      knowledge of such hazards is rather limited, in particular for those agents that
      occur in the environment of man. When early mouse embryos in vitro were exposed
      to ionizing radiation and mercuric chloride, the observed risk was higher than
      expected from the individual effects. This increase in risk was due to an
      interaction between mechanisms induced by ionizing radiation and mercury. To gain
      some more insight into the mode of interaction, the time requirements of mercury
      exposure were studied. The amount of interaction did not depend on mercury
      exposure before or during irradiation. However, to achieve an enhanced risk,
      exposure had to start as soon as possible after irradiation and had to last as
      long as possible. This time dependence suggests that if inhibition of DNA-repair
      is involved in the mechanism of interaction at all, then there must be an
      additional late process that is also impaired by mercury.

PMID- 3393622
TI  - Measurements of transfer coefficients for 137Cs, 60Co, 54Mn, 22Na, 131I and 95mTc
      from feed into milk and beef.
AB  - The transfer in cattle of the radionuclides 137Cs, 60Co, 54Mn, 22Na, 131I and
      95mTc was studied experimentally to determine transfer coefficients from feed to
      milk and meat. Special interest was kept on normal feeding and maintenance
      conditions used in Germany. The radionuclides were incorporated into fodder
      plants through root uptake and thus available in a chemical form resulting from
      the contamination of agricultural soil. This permitted realistic simulation of
      the soil-plant-animal food chain. The equilibrium transfer coefficients for milk
      were calculated to be 22Na: 0.016 +/- 0.002 d/l, 60Co: less than or equal to
      0.0002 d/l, 54Mn: less than or equal to 0.0005 d/l, and 137Cs: 0.0022 +/- 0.0002
      d/l. The equilibrium transfer coefficients for meat were calculated to be 22Na:
      0.01 +/- 0.002 d/kg, 60Co: less than or equal to 0.00013 d/kg, 54Mn: less than or
      equal to 0.0005 d/kg, and 137Cs: 0.0062 +/- 0.0006 d/kg. A single dose of 131I
      was orally administered three times in the chemical form of iodide. Models were
      applied to obtain parameters for a quantitative description of the iodine
      metabolism. The equilibrium transfer factor for 131I in this chemical form to
      milk was calculated to be 0.009 +/- 0.0014 d/l. For 95mTc only an upper limit of
      the transfer factor of 1.7.10(-4) d/l could be estimated because of the small
      amount of radioactivity available.

PMID- 3393623
TI  - The construction of computer tomographic phantoms and their application in
      radiology and radiation protection.
AB  - In order to assess human organ doses for risk estimates under natural and man
      made radiation exposure conditions, human phantoms have to be used. As an
      improvement to the mathematical anthropomorphic phantoms, a new family of
      phantoms is proposed, constructed from computer tomographic (CT) data. A
      technique is developed which allows any physical phantom to be converted into
      computer files to be used for several applications. The new human phantoms
      present advantages towards the location and shape of the organs, in particular
      the hard bone and bone marrow. The CT phantoms were used to construct three
      dimensional images of high resolution; some examples are given and their
      potential is discussed. The use of CT phantoms is also demonstrated to assess
      accurately the proportion of bone marrow in the skeleton. Finally, the use of CT
      phantoms for Monte Carlo (MC) calculations of doses resulting from various photon
      exposures in radiology and radiation protection is discussed.

PMID- 3393624
TI  - Effect of microbial biomass reduction by gamma-irradiation on the sorption of
      137Cs, 85Sr, 139Ce, 57Co, 109Cd, 65Zn, 103Ru, 95mTc, I by soils.
AB  - Six soils, two Sphagnum peat samples and a clay mineral were irradiated with 40
      and 80 kGy (4 and 8 Mrad) from a 60Co source. As a result the microbial biomass,
      determined separately for each sample, decreased considerably. Depending on the
      radionuclide, the sorption, as characterised by the distribution coefficient,
      decreased, increased or remained unchanged. The effect of the irradiation on the
      sorption of the radionuclides depended, in general, also on the type of the
      sample, especially whether well humified soils, (e.g. crop soils), poorly
      humified samples (Sphagnum peat, O-horizon from woodland), or a clay mineral was
      employed. The data reveal that irradiation produces, besides sterilization, also
      other effects in soils, which can change their sorption properties.

PMID- 3393626
TI  - Development of thermotolerance and changes in intracellular pH in CHO cells
      heated at 45.0 degrees C at pH 6.6.
AB  - Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were given short heat pulses (5 to 20 min) at
      45.0 degrees C and incubated at 37 degrees C for up to 20 h under either pH 7.3
      or 6.6 conditions. Thermotolerance developed under both pH conditions, but at a
      slower rate in the pH 6.6 medium. Intracellular pH (pHi) was measured with the
      dye, 1,4-diacetoxy-2,3-dicyanobenzene, combined with flow cytometry. Time
      dependent changes in the intracellular pH occurred under either pH condition. CHO
      cells incubated under normal pH conditions had a transient increase in the pHi.
      This pHi elevation was followed by a rapid intracellular acidification of
      approximately 0.15 to 0.25 pH units. The timing of both the increases and
      decreases in the pHi was dependent on the magnitude of the initial heat dose.
      With heat doses less than or equal to 10 min, the pHi returned to normal unheated
      levels after the acidification phase. Although cells incubated under low pH (6.6)
      conditions showed similar pHi alterations, differences in the kinetics were
      measured. The intracellular pH increased immediately after heating. In addition,
      when intracellular acidification occurred, the rate of acidification was
      significantly reduced. With heat doses longer than 5 min under the low pH
      conditions, the pHi did not return to normal unheated levels.

PMID- 3393627
TI  - Quantitative aspects of the interactive killing effects between X rays and other
      mutagens in microorganisms.
AB  - Recently we presented a mathematical description of the synergistic interaction
      which occurs when Escherichia coli B/r is exposed to both X rays and 254 nm
      ultraviolet light (D. D. Ager and R. H. Haynes, Radiat. Res. 110, 129-141 (1987].
      Here we extend this approach to other bacteria and describe a graphical technique
      which can be used to determine the nature and relative importance of second and
      third degree terms in the function h(x, y), which describes the dose dependence
      of such effects. In most cases, interaction functions appear to be dominated, in
      the biologically interesting dose range, by a second degree term in the product,
      xy, of the doses of the two agents. We find that the magnitudes of these
      interactions vary among the organisms examined and can be surprisingly large.
      Finally, we show that the simple xy dependence observed for most interactions
      does not carry any unambiguous implications with respect to previous speculations
      on the mechanisms of these effects.

PMID- 3393625
TI  - Neutron dose effect relationships at low doses.
AB  - Stimulated by recent observations of non-linearity in the dose effect
      relationship for the transformation of mammalian cells in vitro by fission
      neutron irradiation and the reverse dose rate effect in this system, the data for
      mutation induction in the stamen hairs of Tradescantia occidentalis has been re
      examined. The non-linear dose effect relationships suggested in the original
      reports are confirmed both by the dose effect relationships themselves and by an
      examination of the statistics of the results. This non-linearity also appears to
      be present in the more recent observations of other workers. It is suggested that
      the non-linearity in the system may be due to a sub-population of cells in a
      particularly sensitive phase of the cell cycle at the time of irradiation. There
      is a possibility that the data also indicate a qualitative difference in the
      underlying biophysical actions of neutron and photon radiations.

PMID- 3393630
TI  - Characterization of abnormal nuclei in renal proximal tubules after irradiation.
AB  - The distribution and kinetics of proximal tubular cells with abnormally large
      nuclei, which were observed in irradiated mouse kidneys before any other obvious
      histological effects, were investigated. Six months after the administration of
      13 or 15 Gy, little histopathological change was noted, in the kidneys of C3H
      mice; however, proliferation of proximal tubular cells was stimulated, and some
      of these cells had abnormally large nuclei. The relative DNA content of these
      large nuclei was measured with a quantitative image analysis system. Most of the
      large nuclear cells had more than diploid DNA content. The labeling index of the
      large nuclei was higher than that of unselected proximal tubular nuclei. These
      cells might be hyperploid cells that are dying after having gone through an
      abortive mitotic division. Examination and quantitation of these abnormal nuclei
      should be useful in elucidating the steps involved in cell loss in the proximal
      tubules after irradiation and as an assay for radiation damage to the kidney.

PMID- 3393629
TI  - Radiation sensitivity of adult human parenchymal hepatocytes.
AB  - The radiosensitivity of human hepatocytes was determined and compared to that of
      rat hepatocytes. This interspecies comparison was performed by using the alkaline
      elution technique to measure DNA single-strand breaks and their repair in
      irradiated primary cultures of hepatocytes. Human hepatocytes obtained from
      discarded surgical material and Fischer 344 female rat hepatocytes were
      enzymatically dispersed with collagenase, placed in culture, and irradiated with
      0, 10, 20, and 40 Gy of 60Co gamma rays. The DNA was eluted either immediately
      after irradiation or at different times following incubation at 37 degrees C to
      allow for DNA single-strand break repair. The slopes of the dose-response
      relationship (strand scission factor versus dose) without DNA repair were 0.014
      +/- 0.002 Gy-1 (n = 5) and 0.018 +/- 0.003 Gy-1 (n = 12) in human and rat
      hepatocytes, respectively; they were not significantly different. The half-time
      for fast and slow repair in human and rat hepatocytes was also not significantly
      different (i.e., 17.8 +/- 4.4 min and 253 +/- 67 min, and 13.9 +/- 6.1 min and
      121 +/- 31 min, respectively), and 15 to 25% of the initial radiation-induced DNA
      damage was still present after 3 h of repair.

PMID- 3393631
TI  - Caffeine-induced modulation of the lethal action of X rays on Chinese hamster V79
      cells.
AB  - Caffeine-mediated enhancement of the killing of V79 cells by 220-kV X rays at
      various times in the cell cycle was compared with that of HeLa cells by measuring
      (i) the dependence of cell survival on the duration of treatment with 5-10 mM
      caffeine, (ii) the effect of caffeine treatment on the X-ray dose-survival curve,
      and (iii) the loss of sensitivity to caffeine as a function of time after
      irradiation. The behavior of V79, while similar in many respects to that of HeLa
      (reported previously), differs in several ways. Caffeine treatment causes rapid
      killing immediately after irradiation irrespective of cell age, while HeLa is
      refractory in S phase and highly sensitive in G2. As with HeLa, the (multitarget)
      dose-survival curve parameters are reduced by caffeine treatment, but the age
      dependent fluctuations in D0 are not eliminated as completely as with HeLa and
      the extrapolation number assumes values less than unity in the latter part of the
      cycle rather than in the early part. Loss of sensitivity to caffeine after
      irradiation early in the cycle appears to undergo a transient reversal in the
      middle of the cycle, a phenomenon not observed in HeLa.

PMID- 3393628
TI  - Sulfhydryl protection and the oxygen effect on radiation-induced inactivation of
      r-chromatin in vitro. Influence of an OH scavenger: t-butanol.
AB  - Transcriptionally active r-chromatin from Tetrahymena has been irradiated in
      dilute phosphate buffer, pH 7.2, in the presence of the sulfhydryl compound 2
      mercaptoethanol [MSH]. MSH was more protective against radiation-induced
      inactivation of transcription under N2 than under O2. The OH scavenger, t
      butanol, on the other hand, gives significantly less protection under N2 than
      under O2, apparently due to inactivation by secondary t-butanol radicals under
      anoxia as shown previously (C. Herskind and O. Westergaard, Radiat. Res., 114, 28
      41 (1988). However, MSH was found to restore most of the protective effect of t
      butanol under N2. Inactivation was studied as a function of MSH concentration
      [0.03-10 mM] at different, fixed concentrations of t-butanol [3-300 mM]. The
      observed protection may be explained essentially in terms of (1) OH scavenging,
      (2) "repair" of DNA radicals by H-atom transfer from MSH under N2 in competition
      with fixation of damage under O2, and (3) protection against inactivation by
      secondary t-butanol radicals by H-atom transfer to these radicals. The
      sensitizing effect of oxygen in the presence of MSH is reduced by t-butanol and
      may even be reversed to produce an apparently protective effect. This finding is
      discussed in terms of residual inactivation by secondary radicals. The
      significance of OH scavengers as potential modifiers of oxygen enhancement ratio
      values is discussed.

PMID- 3393632
TI  - Failure to produce greater than additive sister chromatid exchange induction with
      X rays and BCNU.
AB  - In 1984, Tofilon and Deen reported that X irradiation of 9L cells immediately
      after treatment with 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) produced greater
      than additive induction of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) compared to the sum
      of SCEs induced by each agent alone [Radiat. Res. 97, 171-177 (1984)]. We
      (C.P.S., D.F.D.) repeated experiments conducted by Tofilon and Deen, scored SCEs
      in a blind manner, and were unable to reproduce the original findings. Instead,
      we found that X rays and BCNU induced SCEs in an additive manner. The slides
      prepared in the original study are extant; they were coded and recounted blind.
      Data obtained in this reevaluation do not substantiate the previous report. We
      conclude that the original findings were apparently the result of bias introduced
      in the SCE scoring process. Our experience with the SCE assay emphasizes the need
      to recode SCE slide preparations and count SCEs blind.

PMID- 3393633
TI  - The effect of accelerated argon ions on the retina.
AB  - It has been postulated that high energy heavy ions cause a unique form of damage
      in living tissue, which results from the high linear energy transfer of
      accelerated single particles. We have searched for these single-particle effects,
      so-called "microlesions," in composite electron micrographs of retinas of rats
      which had been irradiated with a dose of 1 Gy of 570 MeV/amu argon ions. The
      calculated rate of energy deposition of the radiation in the retina was about 100
      keV/micron and the influence was four particles per 100 micron 2. Different areas
      of the irradiated retinas which combined would have been expected to be traversed
      by approximately 2400 particles were examined. We were unable to detect
      ultrastructural changes in the irradiated retinas distinct from those of
      controls. The spatial cellular densities of pigment epithelial and photoreceptor
      cells remained within the normal range when examined at 24 h and at 6 months
      after irradiation. These findings suggest that the retina is relatively resistant
      to heavy-ion irradiation and that under the experimental conditions the passage
      of high energy argon ions does not cause retinal microlesions that can be
      detected by ultrastructural analysis.

PMID- 3393634
TI  - On the penetration of fast charged particles.
AB  - We pursue Yang's multiple scattering analysis and develop a wave description of
      electron penetration which permits the calculation of spatial distributions under
      realistic conditions. We give special emphasis to the longitudinal part of the
      problem and illustrate with sample calculations of particular interest to medical
      physicists.

PMID- 3393635
TI  - Sequential exposures of mammalian cells to low- and high-LET radiations. II. As a
      function of cell-cycle stages.
AB  - The synergistic effects of low- and high-LET radiations were further studied with
      partially synchronized Chinese hamster V79 cells. Principally, nearly
      monoenergetic 425 MeV/u neon ions and 570 MeV/u argon ions produced near the
      Bragg peak were employed as the high-LET radiations and 225 kVp X rays as the low
      LET counterpart. It was found that the killing effect due to damage interaction
      after sequential irradiations with the particle beam and X rays varies throughout
      the cell cycle. The greatest effect was observed in late-S phase which was most
      resistant to either of the radiations. The effect was quantitatively less in the
      G1/S border and in G2. Effects on pure mitotic cells have not been investigated
      in this study. For all cell stages studied, a dose of high-LET particles modified
      the shape of the X-ray survival curve in a way similar to the modification
      predicted by an appropriately selected X-ray dose. This finding suggests that the
      mechanism for the synergistic effects is similar to that operating for sequential
      treatments with X rays alone. Experiments with an S population, either incubated
      at 37 degrees C or room temperature between fractionation of high- and low-LET
      radiation treatments further verified that the damage involved is a repairable
      type. At a certain fractionation interval (6 to 8 h) following a dose of high-LET
      treatment, initially asynchronous cells were found to be very sensitive to X
      irradiation. It is noteworthy that the net killing measured at this
      "radiosensitive window" was as effective as the killing observed by "immediately"
      sequential treatments with the same doses of high- and low-LET radiations. Such a
      time window also existed when the order of the treatment sequence was reversed
      except that the time of occurrence was earlier and the window was broader. This
      sensitization effect may be explained by radiation-induced G2 arrest together
      with an increase of radiosensitivity as the previously irradiated cells progress
      into S phase. Radiotherapy strategies using combined high-LET and low-LET
      radiations for rapidly proliferative tumors are presented.

PMID- 3393636
TI  - [Computer-assisted radiology].
AB  - New digital imaging modalities and more sophisticated image processing systems
      will have a profound effect on those areas of medicine concerned with imaging.
      This mainly means computer-assisted radiology (CAR) and implies a transition from
      analog film systems to digital imaging systems, integration of digital imaging
      modalities through picture archiving and communication systems (PACS) and the
      graduated employment of image-oriented medical work stations (MWS) for computer
      assisted representation, communication, diagnosis, and therapy planning.

PMID- 3393638
TI  - [Prerequisites for the introduction of a computer-assisted radiologic
      organization system].
AB  - This paper describes the steps necessary for the introduction of a radiological
      information system (RIS) for organizational and work-flow support within a large
      radiology department. The authors experience with a pilot trial of a system
      purchased and adapted to departmental needs is reported.

PMID- 3393637
TI  - [PACS (picture archiving and communication systems) or the future workplace of
      the radiologist].
AB  - PACS (picture archiving and communication systems) is a synonym for the
      replacement of the traditional photographic film by means of technologies that
      will communicate and store images exclusively in digital form. Digital mass
      storage will replace the film archives and will be linked to all image sources by
      means of a data communication network. More significantly, PACS will also
      introduce a novel type of image-evaluation modality, the diagnostic image work
      station. Images will be displayed on TV monitors. In addition, a variety of
      support functions will become available for image handling and processing. The
      replacement of the light box by a digital work station will definitely cause
      dramatic changes in the radiologist's work.

PMID- 3393639
TI  - [Experience with the SIMEDOS radiology information system in a central department
      for x-ray diagnosis].
AB  - Implementation of the radiological information system SIMEDOS in the central
      department of diagnostic radiology in the Marburg University Hospital is
      discussed. Special attention is given to the clinical and organizational problems
      of the department, as well as the planning and preparation phases of system
      implementation. This system has been in use for 10 months and our experience
      concerning problem-solving and the various user groups is described.

PMID- 3393641
TI  - [Functions and job description of the radiologist--yesterday, today and
      tomorrow].

PMID- 3393640
TI  - [The PACS model plan at the Freiburg University Clinic. A first step toward a
      radiologic picture archiving and communication system].
AB  - In a study performed at several clinical departments of the University of
      Freiburg, West Germany, it was found that approximately 180,000 patient
      examinations based on computed tomography, magnetic resonance, nuclear medicine,
      ultrasound as well as digital and conventional radiography, produce over
      1,000,000 pictures. It was assumed that modern technologies can greatly
      facilitate the handling of such a quantity of images. This applies to diagnosis
      and therapy planning as well as to communication and archiving of this large
      amount of data. The study also assumes that the technologies to be considered,
      e.g. fiber optical networks, optical archives and medical work stations, which
      represent the main components of PACS, should be introduced in a stepwise manner
      following a clear overall conception. As the first step the implementation of a
      local area network (LAN) in the departments of radiology and general surgery is
      planned. Important criteria for the selection of these particular departments are
      improvements in health care for a maximum number of patients and in the working
      profiles for the greatest possible number of physicians and assistant personnel.
      A cost reduction as compared to the present system through more efficient
      communication and archiving of the digital images is expected. New perspectives
      for medical research as well as for medico-technical developments are also
      expected. Examples are the 3-D representations of human anatomy and the
      manufacturing of custom-designed prothetic devices. Scheduling and budgetary
      plans for equipment and manpower are further study results for the Freiburg PACS
      Project.

PMID- 3393642
TI  - [The Black Forest arched clock in the x-ray picture].
AB  - The typical painted wooden Black Forest clock of the late eighteenth and early
      nineteenth century was the original famous Black Forest clock. The clocks changed
      from a useful article to an object in great demand by collectors; however, among
      them there are many fakes. Because of the use of colors containing lead and zinc
      at that time, the paint on these clocks can be evaluated radiologically and
      restaurations made later or even fakes can be detected easily. Important
      information can even be obtained about the wood used: its condition, the wooden
      axles, and abrasion of the gears.

PMID- 3393643
TI  - [Percutaneous removal of an intravascular foreign body using a modified loop
      snare technic].
AB  - Successful percutaneous removal of embolized intravenous catheters in two
      patients is described. The long duration of intravascular presence of the foreign
      bodies necessitated an adaptation of the familiar loop-snare technique.
      Percutaneous, transluminal retrieval is the method of choice for the removal of
      intravascular foreign bodies and should be performed in preference to surgical
      management whenever possible.

PMID- 3393644
TI  - [The CREST syndrome].
AB  - If a patient has peri- and intra-articular calcinosis, as well as acro-osteolysis
      and esophageal hypomotility, and rheumatic symptoms, Crest syndrome should be
      considered as a manifestation of progressive systemic sclerosis. In connection
      with relevant symptoms on the skin and visceral involvement, radiological studies
      offer the possibility of classifying progressive systemic sclerosis more
      accurately.

PMID- 3393645
TI  - [Tracheobronchomegaly].
AB  - Tracheobronchomegaly is a very rare entity characterized by dilatation of the
      trachea, especially in the membranous part of the trachea. Asthmatic attacks were
      the cardinal symptom in the case presented. The expiratory collapse of trachea
      and bronchi is well demonstrated by computer tomography.

PMID- 3393646
TI  - [3-dimensional cranial and spinal computed tomography].
AB  - 3-D CT images can be reconstructed with special software programs. Testing the
      importance of 3-D imaging for cranial and spinal CT was the aim of this study.
      The images were computed in 81 patients on the base of the CT data. 3-D views
      provided essentially the same diagnostic information as the conventional CT
      images but in a more useful form. The conditions are more apparent and the
      relationship between normal and abnormal structures is more easily understood.
      From this point of view, 3-D imaging makes it possible to improve communication
      between the radiologist and the attending physician.

PMID- 3393647
TI  - [A new Y-endoprosthesis for drainage of bile duct obstruction of the hepatic
      bifurcation].
AB  - Biliary decompression in cases of central tumorous biliary obstruction requires
      surgical or internal/external catheter bypass techniques. The development of a 14
      F Y-shaped-polyurethane endoprosthesis stent provides the possibility to drain
      the left and right biliary system simultaneously. The endoprosthesis is placed by
      a combination of external transhepatic and endoscopic approach. The tip of the
      singular choledochal stent segment is placed within the choledochus or duodenum.

PMID- 3393648
TI  - [Inconspicuous thoracic radiograph? Hole-shaped defect and deformity of the right
      scapula].

PMID- 3393649
TI  - Superparamagnetic iron oxide: clinical application as a contrast agent for MR
      imaging of the liver.
AB  - Superparamagnetic iron oxide (ferrite) particles were evaluated as a contrast
      agent for magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. In this pilot study, doses ranging
      from 10 to 50 mumol/kg were administered intravenously to 15 patients. Ferrite
      enhanced images of the liver obtained with standard pulse sequence techniques
      significantly increased the number of hepatic lesions detected (P less than .01)
      and reduced the threshold size for detection to 3 mm (P less than .01). The
      improved clinical performance of ferrite-enhanced images correlated with
      significant increases in measured contrast-to-noise ratios (P less than .01).
      Degradation of superparamagnetic activity and/or clearance of ferrite from the
      liver was demonstrated as early as 12 hours after injection, suggesting that the
      lack of chronic toxicity observed in animal studies may be reproduced in humans.
      These initial clinical results appear to confirm extensive preclinical data
      indicating that ferrite administered at a dose of 20 mumol/kg has the potential
      to significantly improve the performance of abdominal MR imaging.

PMID- 3393650
TI  - Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome: findings at barium enema study and defecography.
AB  - Sixteen cases of histopathologically proved solitary rectal ulcer syndrome were
      encountered. Fifteen patients underwent barium enema study; in nine cases the
      findings--including rectal stricture, granularity of the mucosa, and thickened
      rectal folds-were nonspecific. In six cases the study was normal. All patients
      had a long history of defecation disorders, and defecography was performed in
      all. In seven cases, intussusception of the rectal wall was seen; in another case
      the intussusception was accompanied by a rectocele. One case showed rectal
      prolapse. In four cases, failed relaxation of the puborectalis occurred and
      prevented the passage of the bolus; in another case there was abnormal perineal
      descent. In two patients studies were normal. In patients with defecation
      disorders, the possibility of this syndrome should be considered. Defecography is
      the method of choice for establishing the diagnosis.

PMID- 3393651
TI  - Recurrent rectal cancer: diagnosis with MR imaging versus CT.
AB  - During an 18-month period, a prospective study comparing the findings at computed
      tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was conducted on 35 patients
      who satisfied the following criteria: prior surgery for rectal cancer (11
      curative resections, 24 rectal amputations), perineal pain and/or elevated
      carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level, and a soft-tissue mass in the presacral
      fossa demonstrated at CT. Twenty-two patients had tumor recurrence; 13 patients
      had only inflammatory changes or radiation fibrosis. At a single examination of
      each patient (with no reference to prior baseline studies), MR imaging was more
      accurate than CT, largely because MR imaging was more successful in the
      distinction of recurrence from fibrosis based on the differences in signal
      intensity on T2-weighted images.

PMID- 3393652
TI  - Symposium: Advances in hepatobiliary radiology.

PMID- 3393653
TI  - Aortic dissection without intimal rupture: diagnosis with MR imaging and CT.
AB  - Fourteen patients with aortic dissection without intimal rupture were examined by
      means of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, computed tomography (CT), or both. MR
      imaging showed a marginal high-intensity area along the aortic wall, while CT
      showed a nonopacified crescentic area along the aortic wall. These areas
      decreased in size within a short period and normalized after 1 year. Two
      autopsies demonstrated intramural hemorrhage without intimal tears. The dissected
      lumen seen in these cases is believed to represent intramural hemorrhage due to
      rupture of the vasa vasorum without intimal tear; this entity is believed to
      represent aortic dissection.

PMID- 3393654
TI  - Spiral-shaped biliary endoprosthesis: initial study.
AB  - A new flexible, spiral-shaped biliary endoprosthesis is described. This spiral
      endoprosthesis can negotiate acute angles, can be cut to any length, and has been
      specifically designed to deal with the problem of stent migration. The authors
      report their initial experience with this endoprosthesis in 14 patients.

PMID- 3393656
TI  - Balloon catheter dilation of ureteroenteric strictures: long-term results.
AB  - Balloon catheter dilation of benign ureteroenteric anastomotic strictures has
      been proposed as an alternative to either surgical revision or chronic ureteral
      stenting, with moderately successful short-term results reported by several
      groups in a limited number of patients. However, the authors' experience with 29
      patients exhibiting 37 benign ureteroenteric strictures treated over the past 7
      years revealed that in the majority of cases (23 patients, 26 strictures [70%]),
      strictures recurred within 6 months of balloon catheter dilation/ureteral stent
      therapy. Furthermore, of the 11 strictures that appeared to have been
      successfully dilated at a follow-up interval of 6 months, five restenosed within
      1 year. Therefore, only six of 37 (16%) ureteroenteric stricture dilations could
      be considered successful when viewed at least 1 year after interventional
      therapy. Furthermore, repeat dilations have often been required to maintain
      ureteral patency in these patients.

PMID- 3393655
TI  - Control of hemoptysis: systemic angiography and anastomoses of the internal
      mammary artery.
AB  - Twenty-three patients with massive and recurrent hemoptysis were examined with
      angiography. Particular attention was directed to the internal mammary arteries.
      Specific causes for the bleeding were tuberculosis (n = 9), aspergilloma (n = 8),
      bronchiectasis (n = 1), primary systemic amyloidosis (n = 1), congenital and
      acquired pulmonary venous obstruction (n = 2), chronic pulmonary embolism (n =
      1), and bilateral congenital pulmonary artery stenosis (n = 1). Eleven of these
      23 patients were treated with systemic arterial embolization, and immediate
      cessation of bleeding occurred in nine. The recognition of the numerous
      collateral vessels and anastomoses of the internal mammary arteries is essential
      for successful percutaneous embolization for hemoptysis. The authors outline
      these various pathways and collateral vessels.

PMID- 3393657
TI  - Artificial urinary sphincters: plain radiography of malfunction and
      complications.
AB  - Inflatable artificial urinary sphincters provide excellent voluntary continence.
      Eighty-four consecutive patients underwent implantation of artificial urinary
      sphincters for intractable urinary incontinence; 33 patients had 58 episodes of
      sphincter malfunction, and eight patients had eight complications involving a
      functional prosthetic sphincter. Retrospective analysis was performed to
      determine the value of plain radiography of the pelvis in patients with sphincter
      malfunction or complication. The cause of malfunction in the majority of patients
      was a system leak and subsequent loss of hydraulic fluid (31 occurrences; 53%).
      Plain radiography permitted correct identification of all instances of fluid
      leakage in patients with opacified prostheses. Plain radiographs were of no value
      in examining patients with nonopacified prostheses or the complications of cuff
      erosion or wound infection. Due to the low cost and noninvasive nature of plain
      radiography of the pelvis, we conclude that it should be used as the initial
      diagnostic modality in patients with previously opacified but currently
      dysfunctional artificial urinary sphincters.

PMID- 3393658
TI  - Intracardiac extension of intravenous leiomyomatosis.
AB  - A 42-year-old woman was found to have intravenous leiomyomatosis of the uterus
      with extension into the inferior vena cava and right atrium. Intravenous
      leiomyomatosis is a rare neoplastic disease characterized by invasion of venous
      channels by a benign smooth muscle tumor arising either from the wall of a vessel
      or from a uterine myoma. Intracardiac extension is often initially misdiagnosed
      as a right atrial myxoma and may cause death by mechanical obstruction. The
      diagnosis of intravenous leiomyomatosis should be considered in young women with
      cardiac symptoms associated with a right atrial mass who also have a pelvic mass
      or who have previously undergone hysterectomy because of leiomyoma uteri.

PMID- 3393660
TI  - Breast specimen radiography: evaluation of a compression device.
AB  - The irregular shape and uneven tissue thickness of excised breast specimens makes
      radiographic evaluation difficult, especially when calcifications are not
      present. Xeroradiographs before and after compression of 20 separate excised
      breast specimens were compared, and 17 of the same specimens were compared after
      compression combined with immersion in water. Specimen compression improved
      visibility of the lesion on average in 88% of cases, and visibility was equal in
      12%. Combined compression/immersion further improved visibility of the lesion on
      average in 37% of cases. More significantly, evaluation of the compressed
      specimen led to a change in interpretation of the radiographs in 45% of cases.
      Compression of the specimen in specimen radiography is recommended in all cases
      in which pre-biopsy localization is performed.

PMID- 3393659
TI  - Patient discomfort during screen-film mammography.
AB  - Vigorous compression is required to minimize radiation dose and maximize image
      quality for screen-film mammography. Of 356 women who adequately completed a
      questionnaire following mammography, 171 (48%) reported mammography to be
      comfortable, 135 (38%) uncomfortable but tolerable, 39 (11%) very uncomfortable,
      and only 11 (3%) found the examination to be intolerable. Only 14 women (4%)
      indicated that they would not return for mammography at our facility in the
      future. Because of this high level of acceptance of compression by women,
      technologists and radiologists should not hesitate to use vigorous compression to
      optimize image quality and decrease radiation dose to the patient.

PMID- 3393661
TI  - Mediastinal lymph nodes: relaxation time/pathologic correlation and implications
      in staging of lung cancer with MR imaging.
AB  - The authors measured the T1 and T2 relaxation times of freshly excised human
      mediastinal lymph nodes to determine whether the times are clinically useful in
      distinguishing benign from malignant nodes. All measurements were performed at 20
      MHz and 40 degrees C, within 45 minutes of lymph node excision. Mean T1 and T2
      relaxation times of 99 benign nodes were 566 msec (standard deviation [SD], 117
      msec) and 92 msec (SD, 29 msec), respectively. For the 16 malignant nodes, these
      times were 640 msec (SD, 138 msec) and 105 msec (SD, 26 msec), respectively (P
      less than .05 for difference in T1 times, P greater than .05 for difference in T2
      times). Histograms showed considerable overlap in the relaxation times of benign
      and malignant nodes such that absolute measurement of these times will likely be
      of limited clinical value.

PMID- 3393662
TI  - Diffuse panbronchiolitis: evaluation with high-resolution CT.
AB  - High-resolution computed tomography (CT) was performed in 20 patients with
      diffuse panbronchiolitis. Images of abnormal peripheral lung were classified into
      four types: small nodules around the end of bronchovascular branchings (CT type
      I), small nodules in the centrilobular area connected with small branching linear
      opacities (CT type II), nodules accompanied by ring-shaped or small ductal
      opacities connected to proximal bronchovascular bundles (CT type III), large
      cystic opacities accompanied by dilated proximal bronchi (CT type IV). CT
      classifications were compared with radiographic classifications and clinical
      stages of the disease. The comparison revealed that the classification based on
      CT findings reflected the clinical stages and pathologic process of diffuse
      panbronchiolitis. The authors conclude that high-resolution CT is useful in the
      evaluation of both the location and severity of the lesions.

PMID- 3393663
TI  - Benign lymphoepithelial parotid cysts and hyperplastic cervical adenopathy in
      AIDS-risk patients: a new CT appearance.
AB  - The contrast material-enhanced computed tomographic (CT) scans of 18 patients at
      risk for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) who had painless facial
      swelling were reviewed. All scans demonstrated parotid cysts and diffuse
      homogeneous cervical adenopathy. The cysts were bilateral in all but three cases.
      Eleven of 13 patients tested had antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus
      (HIV), and two of the five untested patients later developed AIDS. The authors
      believe that the CT findings of multiple parotid cysts and cervical adenopathy
      suggest that the patient may be infected with the HIV virus, and the radiologist
      should alert the referring physician so that appropriate precautions and
      treatment may be initiated.

PMID- 3393664
TI  - Arteriovenous fistula of the internal maxillary artery: treatment with
      transarterial embolization.
AB  - Six patients with arteriovenous fistulas of the internal maxillary artery were
      treated with transarterial embolization. The patients ranged in age from 19 to 47
      years, with a mean of 26.5 years. Each had a lifelong history of symptoms
      suggestive of a congenital origin of symptoms. There was no history of trauma.
      The most common initial symptoms were bruit (83%), pulsatile mass (67%), and pain
      (50%). In one patient prior surgical ligation of the external carotid artery had
      been attempted, but it led to aggravation of headaches. All patients were treated
      with placement of a detachable balloon at the fistula site. In one patient the
      balloon migrated through the fistula, which was retreated with coils. Complete
      obliteration of the fistula was achieved in all patients. The follow-up ranged
      from 2 months to 10 years, with a mean of 5.2 years. Congenital arteriovenous
      fistulas of the internal maxillary artery are rare and can be treated effectively
      with transvascular techniques.

PMID- 3393666
TI  - Ligamentum flavum: appearance on sagittal and coronal MR images.
AB  - The appearance of the ligamentum flavum on sagittal and coronal magnetic
      resonance (MR) images has not been described in detail in the radiologic
      literature. The authors reviewed correlative MR images and anatomic sections
      obtained with a cryomicrotome in 20 cadavers in order to analyze anatomic
      relationships, variations, and progressive degenerative changes of the ligamentum
      flavum in the lumbar region. MR imaging showed the ligamentum flavum as an
      intermediate-signal-intensity structure on images obtained with short and long
      repetition times (TRs). Sagittal short TR images were effective for evaluating
      relationships between the ligamentum flavum, spinal canal, and nerve roots.
      Degenerative changes in the ligamentum flavum appeared as changes in shape or
      thickness of the ligaments on MR images. Calcification and fat infiltration,
      which were well depicted on anatomic sections, were not visualized on MR images.

PMID- 3393665
TI  - Early CT finding in cerebral infarction: obscuration of the lentiform nucleus.
AB  - Early computed tomographic (CT) findings (scans obtained within 6 hours of the
      onset of stroke) were retrospectively analyzed in 25 patients with embolic
      cerebral infarction of the middle cerebral artery or internal carotid artery
      distribution, including the lentiform nucleus, diagnosed on the basis of findings
      at sequential CT. CT scans were analyzed for the following: (a) an obscured
      outline or partial disappearance of the lentiform nucleus, (b) a slight decrease
      in tissue density, or (c) effacement of the cortical sulci. One or more of these
      findings was recognized in 23 of 25 patients (92%). The first finding was noted
      most frequently, and it appeared earliest. Obscuration of the lentiform nucleus
      was thought to be an important early sign of cerebral infarction, including the
      lentiform nucleus.

PMID- 3393667
TI  - Bony inlet stenosis as a cause of nasal airway obstruction.
AB  - Two cases of congenital bony stenosis of the nasal piriform aperture (anterior
      nares) are presented. Both patients experienced episodes of respiratory distress
      and clinical symptoms similar to those seen in patients with posterior choanal
      atresia. The underlying anatomic abnormalities in congenital bony inlet stenosis
      are quite different from those in choanal atresia and require different surgical
      approaches for correction. Computed tomography demonstrates in detail the
      underlying anatomic abnormality and allows differentiation of bony inlet stenosis
      from choanal atresia.

PMID- 3393668
TI  - Combined application of MR imaging and spectroscopy in neonates and children:
      installation and operation of a 2.35-T system in a clinical setting.
AB  - Published pediatric magnetic resonance (MR) imaging results are usually obtained
      with medium-field-strength whole-body systems, while MR spectroscopy is done on a
      different high-field-strength/small-bore laboratory system. The authors
      investigated metabolism and structural development of the brain in over 100
      neonates and children with combined MR imaging and spectroscopy at 2.35 T. With a
      40-cm-bore magnet, MR imaging and spectroscopy data are obtained in the same
      session with use of the same system. The approach demands modified technical
      devices and elaborate patient handling. Concepts for sedation in different age
      groups and for patient monitoring, as well as protocols for the combined use of
      imaging and spectroscopy, have been worked out. The data prove high quality of
      imaging and spectroscopy at 2.35 T.

PMID- 3393669
TI  - T2 effect of hemoglobin concentration: assessment with in vitro MR spectroscopy.
AB  - T2 values were measured at 0.23 and 4.7 T for deoxygenated blood samples (43%-73%
      O2 saturation) with hematocrits of 18%-100%. An increase in the hematocrit
      produced a marked reduction in T2 at both field strengths. Cell lysis did not
      abolish the T2 effect at either field strength. The authors conclude that the
      increase in hemoglobin concentration caused by formation of a retracted clot is a
      cause of the hypointense appearance of acute hemorrhage compared with brain on T2
      weighted clinical magnetic resonance images. This is particularly important on
      low-field-strength systems, which are not sensitive to the T2 shortening effects
      of paramagnetic intracellular deoxyhemoglobin.

PMID- 3393670
TI  - Fat suppression by section-select gradient reversal on spin-echo MR imaging. Work
      in progress.
AB  - A method to decrease the intensity of fat by reversal of the section-select
      gradient is demonstrated. This technique takes advantage of the chemical shift in
      section location.

PMID- 3393671
TI  - Separation of diffusion and perfusion in intravoxel incoherent motion MR imaging.
AB  - Intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) imaging is a method the authors developed to
      visualize microscopic motions of water. In biologic tissues, these motions
      include molecular diffusion and microcirculation of blood in the capillary
      network. IVIM images are quantified by an apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC),
      which integrates the effects of both diffusion and perfusion. The aim of this
      work was to demonstrate how much perfusion contributes to the ADC and to present
      a method for obtaining separate images of diffusion and perfusion. Images were
      obtained at 0.5 T with high-resolution multisection sequences and without the use
      of contrast material. Results in a phantom made of resin microspheres
      demonstrated the ability of the method to separately evaluate diffusion and
      perfusion. The method was then applied in patients with brain and bone tumors and
      brain ischemia. Clinical results showed significant promise of the method for
      tissue characterization by perfusion patterns and for functional studies in the
      evaluation of the microcirculation in physiologic and pathologic conditions, as,
      for instance, in brain ischemia.

PMID- 3393672
TI  - Impact of clinical history on fracture detection with radiography.
AB  - The effect of knowledge of localizing symptoms and signs in the detection of
      fractures was studied. Forty radiographs of the extremities were examined twice
      by seven radiologists; the sessions were separated by 4 months. In 26 cases, a
      subtle fracture was present; 14 cases were normal. In half of the cases at each
      session, the precise location of pain, tenderness, or swelling was provided. The
      observer was asked to determine if the case was normal or abnormal (provide the
      exact location of the fracture) and to indicate the degree of confidence in the
      diagnosis. Responses were converted to a numeric scale for analysis. Analysis of
      receiver operator characteristic parameters indicates that clues regarding
      location of trauma facilitate detection of fractures. The improvement is based
      largely on an increased true-positive rate without an increased false-positive
      rate, regardless of the decision criteria of the radiologist (overall willingness
      to "overread" or "underread"). This has direct clinical applicability and
      reinforces the plea of radiologists for precise clinical information.

PMID- 3393673
TI  - Supracondylar fractures of the humerus: prediction of the cubitus varus deformity
      with CT.
AB  - Rotation of the distal fracture fragment in the supracondylar fracture is a
      contributing factor in the development of the cubitus varus deformity. Computed
      tomography (CT) is superior to conventional radiography in the assessment of the
      position of fracture fragments and was used to study 20 patients with
      supracondylar fractures after reduction. These fractures were followed up with
      radiography until healed. As determined from CT scans, rotation of the distal
      fracture fragment of greater than 10 degrees resulted in an abnormal Baumann
      angle and a cubitus varus deformity in all patients. Use of CT should facilitate
      the identification of this complication and thus treatment of these fractures and
      prevention of subsequent deformity.

PMID- 3393674
TI  - Seronegative and seropositive rheumatoid arthritis: radiographic differences.
AB  - Patients with seronegative and patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis
      (RA) have clinical, genetic, and immunologic differences. This study was
      undertaken to determine whether the two populations differ radiologically.
      Seventeen patients with seronegative RA were closely matched with seropositive
      control subjects. Radiographs of the hands and wrists were studied blindly, and
      disease severity was quantified with use of a modification of the Beaver Creek
      grading sheet. The following distinguishing features were also evaluated:
      osteosclerosis, new bone formation, carpal predominance, ankylosis (fusion),
      symmetry, and classical erosions. Seropositive patients had more severe disease,
      with larger and more numerous erosions, while the seronegative group had more
      osteosclerosis, carpal predominance, fusion, and new bone formation. Symmetry was
      equal in both groups. Although there were definite quantitative and qualitative
      differences between the two populations, radiologists should be cautious in using
      these criteria because of the great deal of overlap between the two groups.

PMID- 3393676
TI  - Radiographically negative avascular necrosis: detection with MR imaging.
AB  - To correlate the morphologic appearance on magnetic resonance (MR) images of
      radiographically negative avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head with that
      on computed tomographic (CT) and radionuclide scans, the radiographic and
      clinical records of 24 patients were reviewed retrospectively. In 18 patients the
      MR signal intensity features were monitored by means of serial imaging. All MR
      studies included T1-weighted (short repetition time [TR], short echo delay time
      [TE] ) imaging and T2-weighted imaging (long TR, long TE). Thirty-one hips were
      determined with MR to be involved by AVN; 27 were staged on the basis of signal
      intensity characteristics within the low-intensity rim. Core decompression was
      performed on 18 hips. Afterward, progression of disease occurred in only one hip.
      Fourteen of the 16 asymptomatic patients (88%) had early-stage focal lesions. CT
      scans were obtained in 15 patients and radionuclide scans in 21. Ten hips at
      radionuclide imaging and five at CT appeared normal when MR results were
      distinctly abnormal. MR can depict early radiographically negative AVN in
      asymptomatic individuals. At this early stage, the lesions in this series appear
      to be nonprogressive after treatment.

PMID- 3393678
TI  - Patellofemoral joint: kinematic MR imaging to assess tracking abnormalities.
AB  - The patellofemoral joint was imaged with magnetic resonance (MR) in the axial
      plane while the knee was positioned from 0 degrees to 32 degrees of flexion (nine
      positions). These multiple sequential images obtained within the early phases of
      flexion of the knee were viewed in a "cine-loop" format, producing a kinematic
      study that clearly demonstrated the relationship of the patella to the trochlear
      groove. Four healthy subjects and one patient with known bilateral subluxing
      patellae were studied. The preliminary results suggest that kinematic MR imaging
      of the patellofemoral joint is potentially useful for the evaluation of patellar
      tracking abnormalities.

PMID- 3393675
TI  - Early osteonecrosis of the femoral head: detection in high-risk patients with MR
      imaging.
AB  - To determine whether magnetic resonance (MR) imaging can demonstrate the early
      stages of osteonecrosis that are not detectable radiographically, the authors
      compared radiologic findings with histologic results in seven patients at high
      risk for osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Radiography and MR imaging were
      performed, and proximal femoral intramedullary pressures were measured in all
      patients, even if results from imaging studies were normal. If the pressures were
      elevated, core decompression with biopsy was performed. Seven patients had
      elevated pressures in 11 hips. Of 11 hips from which biopsy specimens were taken,
      all had histologic evidence of osteonecrosis. However, in only five were the MR
      imaging findings consistent with osteonecrosis. In the remaining six hips with
      osteonecrosis, MR imaging findings were normal. Sensitivity of MR imaging in
      detection of osteonecrosis was 46%. The authors conclude that normal MR imaging
      results in high-risk patients do not rule out the presence of osteonecrosis.

PMID- 3393677
TI  - Scintigraphy with In-111-labeled monoclonal antitumor antibodies: kinetics,
      biodistribution, and tumor detection.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the kinetics,
      biodistribution, and tumor-depicting properties of three intact indium-111
      labeled murine monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) and to determine if use of In-111
      labeled F(ab')2 fragments of one of them had advantages over its intact
      counterpart for immunoscintigraphy. Ten patients with prostate cancer were
      studied with an anti-prostatic acid phosphatase MoAb (PAY-276), with a resultant
      tumor detection rate of 15%. Twenty-eight patients with melanoma were studied
      with ZME-018, a MoAb that targets the KD-240 melanoma antigen. Forty-three
      percent of the known lesions were detected. Forty patients with carcinoembryonic
      antigen (CEA)-producing tumors were studied, 24 with intact ZCE-025, and anti-CEA
      MoAb, and 16 with its F(ab')2 fragment. With use of intact ZCE-025, 34% of known
      lesions were detected versus 83% with its F(ab')2 fragment. The distribution of
      each MoAb appears unique unto itself with regard to kinetics, normal tissue
      distribution, and response to MoAb mass.

PMID- 3393679
TI  - Experience with a new ureteral stent made of a biocompatible copolymer.
AB  - A double-pigtail ureteral stent made from a biocompatible copolymer was designed
      for antegrade insertion with a new coaxial system. Thirty-eight of these stents
      were successfully placed in 33 patients. Of eight stents used for benign
      temporary indications, two (two patients) occluded prematurely. One of these
      patients had retained stone fragments, which caused the 10-F stent to occlude 4
      months after balloon dilation of a midureteral stricture. The second patient had
      a ureteroconduit stricture that was dilated and stented, but mucus occluded the
      10-F stent 5 days after insertion. In 25 of the patients, 30 stents were placed
      for ureteral obstruction due to malignant neoplasms. Three patients died with
      patent stents, while surviving patients with malignancies continue to have
      functioning stents, for an overall mean patency of 5.1 months in these patients.
      No problems related to stent migration or brittleness have been encountered.

PMID- 3393680
TI  - Rectal carcinoma: treatment with Papillon technique and fiberoptic-guided
      methods.
AB  - An adaptation of the Papillon technique was developed in which a superficial x
      ray machine was used for treatment of small superficially invasive rectal
      carcinomas. Modification of the proctoscope-treatment cone apparatus, including
      addition of a fiberoptic scope, allows confirmation of accurate cone placement
      throughout the entire treatment. There is no personnel exposure to radiation.
      Measured physics beam characteristics are clinically comparable to those reported
      for the Papillon treatment beam.

PMID- 3393681
TI  - Drinking cup for double-contrast esophagography.
AB  - A drinking cup was designed for high-quality double-contrast esophagography. The
      device comprises a holder for the barium, a feeding arrangement for the air, and
      a feed valve, which in part blocks the free discharge of barium from the cup.
      Upon continuous ingestion from the cup, an effective mixture of air and barium is
      formed without the use of any effervescent or other agents. The technique was
      evaluated in 72 patients, including children. The studies were successful in
      nearly all cases.

PMID- 3393682
TI  - Separation of diffusion and perfusion in intravoxel incoherent motion MR imaging:
      a modest proposal with tremendous potential.

PMID- 3393683
TI  - Alternative approaches to receiver operating characteristic analyses.

PMID- 3393684
TI  - Nonsurgical repositioning of central venous catheters.

PMID- 3393685
TI  - Efficacy of embolic occlusion of needle tracks after biopsy.

PMID- 3393686
TI  - Union insignia barred: unfair labor practice.

PMID- 3393687
TI  - Nurse's license suspended: reinstatement banned. Case in point: Jordan v. Dept.
      of Pro. Regulation (522 So. 2d 450--FL (1988)).

PMID- 3393688
TI  - Legal case briefs for nurses. N.Y.: patient assaulted: R.N. delays report; CA: is
      the registry an "agent" or "employer"?

PMID- 3393689
TI  - [MH-system--a versatile cDNA cloning system involving subtraction library
      construction and screening by biological activity in vitro].

PMID- 3393690
TI  - [Metabolic activation of chemical carcinogens by cytochrome P-450].

PMID- 3393691
TI  - Secretion of neurotensin from isolated perfused porcine ileum.
AB  - The secretion and molecular nature of immunoreactive neurotensin (NT) was studied
      following stimulation of an isolated perfused porcine ileal segment with glucose,
      triglyceride and intra-arterial infusion of gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP).
      Secreted peptides were separated using gel chromatography and analyzed with 3
      sequence-specific radioimmunoassays towards NT. Glucose (5%) and GRP both
      stimulated NT secretion from the ileal segment whereas pure triglyceride did not.
      Maximal secretion of NT during glucose perfusion was 0.448 nmol/min and 6.9
      nmol/min during GRP infusion (medians, n = 5). GRP infused in doses from 10(-10)
      to 10(-8) M stimulated NT release in a dose-related manner. Following gel
      chromatography only the intact peptide and no smaller or larger molecular size
      immunoreactive components were observed. The study showed that both luminal and
      humoral stimuli release NT from the isolated pig ileum. Apparently no fragments
      or other NT-related immunoreactive components were cosecreted with the peptide.

PMID- 3393692
TI  - The effects of intravenously administered bombesin on pentagastrin-stimulated
      acid secretion in cats.
AB  - The effects of bombesin (BBS) infusion or BBS injection on the plateau gastric
      secretion stimulated by pentagastrin (Pg) were compared in cats fitted with
      gastric fistula (GF) and Heidenhain pouch (HP). Injection of 81 pmol/kg of BBS
      inhibited Pg-stimulated acid secretion in both GF and HP by 47 +/- 5% and 37 +/-
      5% (P less than 0.01), respectively. Infusion of 324 pmol/kg.h of BBS did not
      significantly modify acid secretion, but as soon as the infusion stopped, an
      inhibition appeared which lasted 1 h (37 +/- 5% in GF and 53 +/- 4% in HP P less
      than 0.01). The inhibition was reversed in GF by infusion of BBS 324 pmol/kg.h.
      In HP, reversion of inhibition required the addition in the Pg infusion of
      subthreshold dose of carbachol. We suggest that under non-steady state conditions
      (i.e. injection or after the end of the infusion) a concentration gradient of BBS
      is created which favors the response of D-cells over that of G-cells, whereas
      under steady-state conditions (i.e. during infusion) the effects of BBS on G- and
      D-cells are balanced. This finding argues for a physiological role of BBS in the
      regulation of gastric acid secretion.

PMID- 3393693
TI  - Distribution of pancreatic polypeptide-like immunoreactivity in rat tissues.
AB  - The distribution of pancreatic polypeptide (PP)-like immunoreactivity (LI) in rat
      tissue was determined by a specific radioimmunoassay (RIA) after extraction with
      boiling 1 N acetic acid. The concentration of PP-LI in the ventral area of the
      pancreas (0.917 +/- 0.106 micrograms/g tissue) was about 10 times greater than
      that in the dorsal area of the pancreas (0.085 +/- 0.006 micrograms/g tissue).
      Extrapancreatic PP-LI was present in the colon (0.034 +/- 0.010 micrograms/g
      tissue) and rectum (0.019 +/- 0.001 micrograms/g tissue). The remainder of the
      gastrointestinal tract, the lung, kidney, liver, spleen, heart, adrenal gland,
      and central nervous system contained no measurable PP-LI. Reverse-phase high
      performance liquid chromatography analysis of the PP-LI materials from the
      pancreas, colon, and rectum revealed one peak which corresponds to the rat PP
      standard, under conditions of elution which clearly separated PP, NPY, PYY. These
      results show that distribution of PP-LI in the rat is different from other known
      distributions in the PP family of peptides.

PMID- 3393694
TI  - Cholecystokinins but not gastrin-17 release calcitonin from thyroid C-cells in
      the rat.
AB  - Subcutaneous injections of gastrin-17, cholecystokinin-39, cholecystokinin-8
      (sulfated and non-sulfated forms), cholecystokinin-4 or pentagastrin induced
      hypocalcemia in rats. The hypocalcemia was associated with calcitonin release for
      pentagastrin and the cholecystokinins but not for gastrin-17, even at very high
      doses. Permanent hypergastrinemia, induced by surgical removal of the acid
      producing part of the stomach (fundectomy) or by treatment with high doses of
      omeprazole, a blocker of acid secretion, was not accompanied by elevated plasma
      calcitonin. Long-lasting hypergastrinemia is known to cause hyperplasia of
      gastrin-sensitive endocrine cells in the rat stomach while hypogastrinemia does
      the reverse. In antrectomized rats, having low serum gastrin, and in
      fundectomized rats, having high serum gastrin, the serum calcitonin
      concentration, the thyroid calcitonin content and the number of C-cells remained
      as in sham-operated controls two months after the operations. We conclude that
      neither exogenous nor endogenous gastrin stimulates calcitonin secretion in the
      rat and that long-standing hypo- or hypergastrinemia is without effect on the
      number of thyroid C-cells. Our results, however, do not exclude the possibility
      that the cholecystokinins might act as calcitonin secretagogues in the rat
      although such a role remains to be established.

PMID- 3393696
TI  - Comparison of half-disappearance times, distribution volumes and metabolic
      clearance rates of exogenous glucagon-like peptide 1 and glucagon in rats.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in vivo after bolus and
      continuous i.v. administrations of the peptide were compared with those of
      glucagon in rats. The half-disappearance time (t1/2) distribution volume (Vd) and
      metabolic clearance rate (MCR) of GLP-1 given as a bolus injection and by
      constant infusion, were, respectively, as follows: t1/2 (min), 47.7 +/- 14.5 and
      39.5 +/- 15.5 (mean +/- S.D.); Vd (ml), 903.8 +/- 62.4 and 516.3 +/- 92.1 and MCR
      (ml kg-1 min-1), 27.4 +/- 10.8 and 18.6 +/- 8.6. These values differed
      significantly from the respective values for glucagon (t1/2, 3.3 +/- 0.6 and 5.8
      +/- 1.0; Vd, 206.5 +/- 25.9 and 240.0 +/- 76.1; and MCR, 83.1 +/- 8.2 and 46.7 +/
      13.3). These findings demonstrate that GLP-1 is degraded more slowly than
      glucagon in vivo.

PMID- 3393695
TI  - Autoregulation of renal hemodynamics is not impaired by a 'physiologic' dose of
      glucagon.
AB  - Glucagon has been suggested to be involved in the pathway by which protein and
      amino acids elevate renal blood flow (RBF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
      postprandially. Recent data suggest that amino acids elevate RBF and GFR through
      an autoregulatory mechanism (i.e., by impairing renal autoregulation). If
      glucagon mediates the renal hemodynamic effects of amino acids, 'physiologic'
      infusion of glucagon would also be expected to impair autoregulation. We examined
      the effects of glucagon (5 ng/kg per min given intraportally and intravenously)
      on RBF and GFR autoregulation in anesthetized dogs. Intraportal glucagon (n = 6)
      increased RBF (24%) and GFR (23%) at normal arterial pressure. RBF and GFR were
      well autoregulated (greater than 90% of control) at renal arterial pressures
      greater than or equal to 85 mm Hg before and after glucagon. At 70 mm Hg, RBF and
      GFR decreased by 15 and 16%, respectively, before glucagon and by 19 and 22%,
      respectively, after glucagon. Intravenous glucagon (n = 6) produced similar
      effects. Intraportal glucagon at 500 ng/kg per min increased RBF (35%), heart
      rate (69%) and plasma glucose (78%) and decreased arterial pressure (16%) (GFR
      not measured). This dose impaired RBF autoregulation by 30%. The data suggest
      that a 'physiologic' dose of glucagon increases renal hemodynamics without
      impairing renal autoregulation. It is suggested that glucagon's vasodilatory
      effect on the renal vasculature may be additive to the renal effects of amino
      acids.

PMID- 3393697
TI  - Peptide injections into the amygdala of conscious rats: effects on blood
      pressure, heart rate and plasma catecholamines.
AB  - The central nucleus of the amygdala (Ce) mediates cardiovascular and autonomic
      changes associated with defense or fear responses. At least 16 different
      neuropeptides have been identified within nerve terminals within the Ce. The role
      that these peptides play in the Ce regulation of cardiovascular and autonomic
      function has been assessed. Neuropeptides were microinjected into the region of
      the Ce and mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR) and plasma catecholamine
      concentrations were measured. Five of the 16 peptides caused changes of MAP and
      HR. Thyrotropin releasing factor (TRF) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)
      induced increases of MAP and HR. Angiotensin-II (A-II) and somatostatin-28 (SS
      28) injection produced increases of MAP and decreases of HR. Bombesin (Bom)
      injections into the Ce induced an increase of MAP but did not alter HR.
      Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF), TRF and CGRP were the only peptides found
      to increase plasma catecholamine concentrations. These results support the
      conclusion that the Ce contains several peptides that could be involved in the
      regulation of cardiovascular and autonomic nervous system function. A role of the
      amygdala in mediating the observed effects of CRF, TRF, CGRP, A-II, SS-28, and
      Bom is suggested by these studies.

PMID- 3393698
TI  - [Equipments and instruments for use in radiological protection. VII.
      Characteristics and use of radiation protection apparatus (1)].

PMID- 3393699
TI  - Property of TS-16N solid state nuclear track detectors as an imaging medium for
      macroautoradiography of alpha-emitters in biological specimens.
AB  - Feasibility of TS-16N solid state nuclear track detectors for an imaging medium
      of rapid autoradiography of alpha-emitters is described. Though a little longer
      etching time was required, the contrast of autoradiographic image on this
      detector proved to be superior to CR-39 detectors whose property for
      macroautoradiography was previously reported by the authors. The resolutions of
      these two different type detectors were almost equivalent to each other. The
      autoradiography taken by way of trial proved that this detector could be used to
      study metabolism and dosimetry of internally deposited alpha-emitters. With
      further study, the inherent properties of this detector such as low background or
      high sensitivity should extend the field of track etch imaging technique such as
      fast neutron radiography.

PMID- 3393700
TI  - [Dosimetry using a silicon diode and an electrochemical integrator].
AB  - A diode-dosimeter constructed from a silicon diode and an MD1B2 "Memoriode" (an
      electrochemical integrator manufactured by Sanyo Electric Corporation) has been
      tested to use it for 60Co gamma rays. In this dosimeter, the diode acts as a
      radiation-to-current converter and the Memoriode as a current integrator, thus
      the total exposure being known by the terminal voltage on the Memoriode. The
      response, i.e. radiation-induced terminal voltage on the Memoriode of the
      dosimeter as a function of exposure, has shown good linearity within the dose
      range of one to two decades for every diode. This dosimeter has been found to be
      useful for measuring exposures between 260 mC/kg (10(3) R) and 2.6 kC/kg (10(7)
      R) by using replacement diodes with different sensitivities.

PMID- 3393702
TI  - Hepatobiliary function studies on Dubin-Johnson syndrome using 99mTc-pyridoxyl
      methyl-tryptophan (PMT).
AB  - Hepatobiliary studies on five patients with Dubin-Johnson syndrome were performed
      using 99mTc-PMT. Time-activity curves of the liver of the patients showed delayed
      excretion and that plasma elimination in the patients was prolonged compared to
      that of normal subjects.

PMID- 3393701
TI  - [Extension of measurable range of film dosimetry by a low energy X-ray absorption
      method].
AB  - The availability of an X-ray absorption technique employing a very low power X
      ray tube was examined to extend measurable range for photographic film dosimetry.
      The X-ray tube having titanium target was operated at 8 kV and 0.2 microA to emit
      Ti KX-rays of moderate intensity. The degree of the Ti KX-ray absorption, defined
      as similar to photographic density, was measured for the two kinds of badge film,
      Fuji gamma-ray badge film and Kodak personal monitoring film, type 2 exposed for
      60Co or 137Cs gamma-rays and developed by the respective standard procedures. The
      experimental results show that the dosimetric range of 0.01-100 R for the Fuji
      film and 0.03-1,000 R for the Kodak film may be easily measured by 1 minute
      counting with the relative statistical error (sigma) of 10%.

PMID- 3393703
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of highly sensitive thyroid stimulating hormone
      immunoradiometric assay (RIABEAD II) kit].
AB  - To clarify clinical evaluation of highly sensitive thyroid stimulating hormone
      (TSH) immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) using RIABEAD II kit, we measured serum TSH
      and its changes after TRH test in normal subjects and patients with hyper- or
      hypothyroidism due to Grave's disease, TSH-producing pituitary adenoma and
      chronic thyroiditis or Refetoff's syndrome. In 12 normals, basal TSH (0.23-1.85
      microIU/ml) increased in 2.29-18.85 microIU/ml 30 min after TRH test. In patients
      whose serum TSH and thyroid hormone showed less than 0.10 microIU/ml and more
      than normal level, respectively, no response of TSH to TRH was observed, while in
      patients whose serum TSH and thyroid hormone showed more than 3.5 microIU/ml and
      less than normal level, respectively, hyperresponse of TSH to TRH was observed.
      In patients with hyper- or hypothyroidism, changes in serum TSH after treatment
      were normalized a few months later after normalizing of thyroid hormone. In
      patients with TSH-producing pituitary tumor or Refetoff's syndrome, serum TSH
      increased. These results show that serum TSH using IRMA-(RIABEAD II) kit
      indicates a precise function of pituitary TSH.

PMID- 3393705
TI  - [Smoking among nursing students].
AB  - The aim of this work is to study smoking habits in young adults in a particularly
      sensitive environment. The data were collected in 28 nursing schools of the
      Public Hospital System in Paris by means of anonymous self-administered
      questionnaire. The questions focused on smoking habits, knowledge of risks and
      student attitudes. The 5,598 respondents (mean age of 22.6 years) were 89 per
      cent female. The results showed a high prevalence of current smoking (44%)
      especially amongst the younger students. Students preferred brands with a medium
      range tar level. Most of the students knew the smoking risk, agreed with the
      policy of prohibiting smoking in the hospital and thought that it is the role of
      nurses to counsel patients to stop smoking, but only one third hold a positive
      view of this role.

PMID- 3393704
TI  - [Is there an urban factor in asthma and allergy?].
AB  - To evaluate if an "urban factor" could be responsible for an increase of asthma
      and allergic diseases in developed countries, we compared prevalence rates for
      these conditions in adults living in urban and rural settings. The urban group
      consisted of 4,008 adults, randomly selected from the 16 districts of the city of
      Marseille; the rural group consisted of 1,789 adults, representing 85% of the
      target population living in a small residential town, Trets. The protocol
      included, after a mass media information, home-visits by public health
      physicians. These physicians asked a short standardized questionnaire to all
      adults 18 to 65 years old. Then, in a subgroup of, hay-fever patients, they
      performed skin tests to grass pollens. The standardized prevalence rates of
      asthma and related symptoms, and hay fever, was very similar in both settings.
      Thus, this study does not support the hypothesis that there is a urban factor in
      asthma and allergic diseases. In the literature, several studies point out a
      higher prevalence of these diseases in an urban setting. But these studies have
      been performed several years ago, when there was a larger difference in air
      pollutants concentrations between urban and rural settings.

PMID- 3393706
TI  - [Pulmonary and mediastinal bronchogenic cysts].
AB  - Bronchogenic cysts are relatively rare anomalies with a congenital origin
      resulting in an abnormal branching of the tracheo-bronchial tree. They either
      develop in the pulmonary parenchyma or in the mediastinal region. Between 1975
      and 1987, 21 cases of bronchogenic cysts were operated upon. Eighteen of these
      cysts had a pulmonary localisation and 3 were mediastinal. Only 8 of these were
      diagnosed pre-operatively by bronchoscopy. The major reason for delay in
      diagnosis is persistent or recurrent pulmonary infection. Eight cases were
      treated by cystectomy, 4 by simple wedge resection, 4 by segmental resection, 3
      were extirpated and 2 by lobectomy.

PMID- 3393707
TI  - [Tuberculosis in the Department of Seine-Saint Denis. I. Cases under treatment in
      1984].
AB  - A prospective study of notified cases of tuberculosis started on treatment during
      1984 in the department of Seine-Saint-Denis situated in the northern suburb of
      Paris was undertaken with the help of the Ministry of Health, and the National
      Committee for the Prevention of Tuberculosis. Fifty-seven hospitals were involved
      as were 42 sanatoria, 19 clinics and private hospitals and 157 doctors enabled
      578 cases of tuberculosis to be registered. For these 578 cases there were 884
      notifications coming principally from the control services of the Social Security
      and public hospitals. Although several sources of notification had declared the
      same patient, no source had registered all the patients of whom they had
      knowledge. The notifications made on 12 different forms were often incomplete and
      sometimes erroneous. Of the 578 patients declared there were 34 different
      nationalities, of whom 190 were French, approximately 33%; 87 were Algerian, or
      15%; 83 came from Mali, or 14%. The study compared the level of notification of
      tuberculosis in the French, Algerians and those from Mali and has shown that they
      are six times higher amongst Algerians than the French population and 39 times
      higher in those from Mali than in the French population. The proportion of
      patients already treated were 11% and those patients suffering from exclusively
      extra-respiratory tuberculosis was 16%. A bacteriological and/or histological
      confirmation was obtained in 70% of cases. The study of the socio-demographic
      characteristics of the patients has enabled a portrayal of the representation of
      unskilled workers and the unemployed in comparison to the general population of
      the department.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3393708
TI  - [Bronchial adenocarcinoma in tuberculosis scars].
AB  - The relation between bronchial cancer and fibrous scars still remains
      controversial. We report, with regard to a typical case, the histological
      arguments for this hypothesis in the knowledge that only a clinical history and
      above all a radiographic progress will evoke the carcinomatous transformation. We
      report on the diagnostic peculiarities, the evolution, the therapeutic approach
      and histogenetics of bronchial cancers developing on a scar. This association and
      the interest of pursuing these investigations in the presence of evocative
      clinical or radiographic anomalies enable a better understanding of the natural
      history of bronchial cancer.

PMID- 3393710
TI  - [Long-term survival of surgically treated lympho-epithelial thymomas].
AB  - The authors report the results of a multi-centre trial on 500 cases of lymph
      epithelial thymoma (TLE) treated by 14 surgical teams. Most typically a tumour of
      the adult in the fifth decade, occurring most commonly in women (60%), one in
      every two cases of TLE occurs in auto-immune disease: usually myasthenia. Most
      often (3 times out of 4) the disease is latent and occupies the middle (40%) or
      superior mediastinum (30%). In 15% of cases the pulmonary radiograph is normal.
      Radical surgery is possible in 75% of cases, otherwise it is incomplete or even
      reduced to a simple biopsy. The 15 year prognosis obtained using actuarial
      survival curves is based on the surgical-anatomical classification of the study
      group of thymic tumours (GETT) giving: for stage I: a survival of 80% for stage
      II to IVA of 40% and for stages III to IVB of around 10%. Finally it should be
      noted that existence of a recurrence after a complete surgical excision (stage I)
      poses the problem of post-operative radiotherapy and the associated total
      thymectomy. Also, the identical prognosis after biopsy or incomplete surgery
      (IIIA and IIIB) with an increased morbidity for incomplete surgery. Finally the
      confirmation that pleural involvement (IVA) is not as adverse a factor as one
      would have supposed.

PMID- 3393709
TI  - [Post-traumatic parietal pulmonary hernia].

PMID- 3393711
TI  - [Smoking among pneumologists of the French-Language Society of Pneumology].

PMID- 3393712
TI  - [Obstructive bronchiolitis].

PMID- 3393713
TI  - [Bronchiolitis obliterans].

PMID- 3393714
TI  - [Operable bronchial cancers: can we do better?].

PMID- 3393715
TI  - [Stimulation of the carotid sinus in the diagnosis of vasodepressive syncope].

PMID- 3393717
TI  - [Acute hypokalemic rhabdomyolysis. Description of 3 cases].

PMID- 3393716
TI  - [Campylobacter pylori and dyspeptic symptomatology].

PMID- 3393718
TI  - [Bronchial asthma complicated by mediastinal emphysema. Description of 2 cases].

PMID- 3393720
TI  - [Syphilis and HIV infection. Considerations on a case of malignant syphilis].

PMID- 3393719
TI  - [Resistant obesity with severe cardiac insufficiency. Description of a case].

PMID- 3393721
TI  - [New therapeutic prospectives in Behcet's disease: beta-interferon].

PMID- 3393722
TI  - [Chronic hepatitis in opiate addicts: prospective clinical study on a group of
      outpatients].

PMID- 3393723
TI  - [Thyroid uptake of I131 in iodine-induced thyroid pathology caused by
      amiodarone].

PMID- 3393724
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of basal blood gastrin in ulcer disease].

PMID- 3393725
TI  - [Critical study on the predictive value of single laboratory parameters in
      hepatic cirrhosis].

PMID- 3393727
TI  - [Primary biliary cirrhosis associated with CRST syndrome (calcinosis, Raynaud's
      phenomenon, sclerodactyly and telangiectasia). Effect of cytostatic therapy in a
      case of our observation].

PMID- 3393726
TI  - [Prevalence of microvascular and macrovascular complications in hospitalized
      diabetic patients].

PMID- 3393728
TI  - [Aortic dissection: presentation of 4 cases with a peculiar clinical onset].

PMID- 3393729
TI  - [Kawasaki's disease in a 22-year-old adult].

PMID- 3393730
TI  - [Pulmonary granulomatosis in a worker accidentally exposed to the inhalation of
      hydrocarbons].

PMID- 3393731
TI  - Stereoselective oxidation and plasma protein binding of nilvadipine, a new
      dihydropyridine calcium antagonist, in man.
AB  - The stereoselectivity in the plasma protein binding and oxidative metabolism of
      nilvadipine, a new dihydropyridine calcium antagonist, in man was studied. The
      free fraction values (fp) for the plasma protein binding of (+)- and (-)
      nilvadipine determined by equilibrium dialysis were 1.00 and 0.90%, respectively;
      the fp of the (+)-nilvadipine was a little higher than that of the (-)
      enantiomer. Marked differences between enantiomers were not observed in the blood
      to plasma ratio. On the other hand, Vmax/Km value, which is equivalent to the
      intrinsic clearance of the drug, for the oxidation of (+)-nilvadipine to the
      corresponding pyridine analogue by human liver microsomes was 0.43-0.54 times
      less than that for the oxidation of the (-)-enantiomer.

PMID- 3393732
TI  - Fluorescence high performance liquid chromatographic analysis of free fatty acid
      levels changed during aggregation of rat platelets.
AB  - Stimuli-induced changes in free fatty acid levels of activated platelets were
      assayed by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. The fatty acids
      were prelabeled as their fluorescent 9-aminophenanthrene derivatives for the
      detection. The levels of saturated fatty acids such as palmitic acid in an
      extracellular medium of rat platelet-rich plasma are significantly raised by
      stimulation with 10 microM ADP or 8 micrograms/ml collagen. Similar increases in
      saturated fatty acids liberated from washed rat platelets are also observed by
      using thrombin stimulation. Quantitative changes in the intra- and extracellular
      levels of fatty acids induced by washed platelet aggregation were assayed after
      addition of thrombin for 15 min. Increase in palmitic and stearic acid was
      observed approximately 3-fold their levels of that the unstimulated control.

PMID- 3393733
TI  - Antiinflammatory activities of copper-aspirinate and aspirin in adjuvant
      arthritic rats.
AB  - The antiinflammatory activities of copper aspirinate and aspirin were determined
      in adjuvant arthritic rats following oral administration for twenty-one days.
      Results clearly indicated that copper aspirinate acts as a mixed
      agonist/antagonist showing agonist action at lower doses and antagonist action at
      higher doses.

PMID- 3393734
TI  - A comparative study of the effects of aging on the responsiveness of the
      cholinergic receptor of the isolated ileum of mouse and rat.
AB  - The responsiveness of the cholinergic receptor (ChR) of the isolated ileum of
      mouse and rat was characterized by determining the ED50 of acetylcholine (ACh)
      and pA2 of mepenzolate (MPZ) in tissues from animals of different ages. The ages
      (in months) of mice were 3, 6 and 18 and; 3, 6, 12 and 24 for rats respectively.
      The responsiveness of ChR in mice and rats decreased with age. There was no
      difference in the pA2 between the preparations derived from mice and rats nor was
      it affected by age. The results of this investigation suggest that (1) changes in
      the peripheral ChR with age may have potential in the understanding of central
      aging process and (2) the use of age rather than the weight of animal may provide
      reproducible data in studies using isolated preparations.

PMID- 3393736
TI  - Stimulation of gastric acid secretion by microinjection of pentobarbital into the
      ventromedial hypothalamus.
AB  - Sites of stimulatory action of pentobarbital on gastric acid secretion were
      studied in rats anesthetized with urethane. Intracerebroventricular injection of
      pentobarbital dose-dependently stimulated gastric secretion. When injections of
      pentobarbital into the ventromedial hypothalamus were repeated with an interval
      of 30 min, the second and third consecutive injections produced a small but
      significant increase in gastric acid secretion. We propose that the ventromedial
      hypothalamus is involved in the stimulatory effect of pentobarbital on gastric
      acid secretion.

PMID- 3393735
TI  - Renal handling and mammary excretion of sulfatroxazole in goats.
AB  - The mechanisms involved in the renal handling and mammary excretion of
      sulfatroxazole (STZ) were studied in goats. Its excretion in urine was found to
      increase with increasing urine pH and was partly blocked by probenecid,
      indicating that renal handling of STZ involves glomerular filtration, active
      tubular secretion and passive reabsorption. The concentration of STZ in milk was
      lower than that in plasma and was found to increase with increasing milk pH. It
      was concluded that STZ is excreted in milk by passive diffusion of the nonionized
      nonprotein bound moiety.

PMID- 3393737
TI  - Arnold-Chiari malformation and paralysis of the diaphragm.
AB  - A woman aged 17 years presented with symptoms of somnolence. A bilateral
      diaphragmatic paralysis and an Arnold-Chiari malformation were diagnosed. Lung
      function tests revealed a marked restrictive defect and a blunted ventilatory
      response to hypercapnia and hypoxia. A sleep study also showed central apneas, an
      irregular pattern of breathing and marked hypoventilation.

PMID- 3393738
TI  - Lung function disturbances versus respiratory muscle fatigue in patients with
      systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - In 23 consecutive patients (mean age, 38.6 years) with systemic lupus
      erythematosus (SLE) and in 17 healthy subjects (mean age, 37.5 years) fatigue of
      respiratory (diaphragm, musculi intercostales externi) and leg muscles (musculus
      gastrocnemius) was determined comparatively by electromyography. Additionally,
      routine lung function parameters, including maximum inspiratory (PImax) and
      expiratory (PEmax) mouth pressures, were measured. The SLE patients showed lower
      values of vital capacity (VC), total lung capacity (TLC), thoracic gas volume
      (TGV), FEV1, PImax and PEmax than the healthy controls, while FEV1/VC, residual
      volume and specific airway conductance were not significantly different in either
      group. Lung compliance, corrected for TGV, was normal in the SLE group. Breathing
      through stenoses with increasing resistances resulted in fatigue of the diaphragm
      in 73% of the SLE group and in 41% of the control group. The corresponding values
      of the external intercostal muscles were 74% (SLE group) and 29% (control group).
      Electromyographic signs of respiratory and leg muscle fatigue occurred at lower
      loads in the SLE group than in the healthy subjects. The pattern of lung function
      data in patients with SLE was characteristic neither of lung restriction nor of
      airway obstruction. Respiratory muscle weakness can explain the decrease in TLC,
      VC, TGV, FEV1, PImax and PEmax.

PMID- 3393740
TI  - Hypertension international.

PMID- 3393739
TI  - [The functionally amputated lung. Studies on the unilateral hyperlucent lung
      syndrome].
AB  - On the basis of comprehensive clinicopathological evidence 6 patients presenting
      with unilateral left-sided hyperlucent lungs are evaluated for pathogenesis,
      function and postoperative (n = 5) course. The common denominator in all proves
      to be moderate to severe hypoperfusion and overinflation of the respective lungs.
      Pulmonary function is characterized by a combined restrictive-obstructive
      pattern. In 4 patients overinflation is due to a central check-valve mechanism
      (tumor: n = 3; central airways collapse: n = 1), whereas in 2 increased
      translucency results from some sort of peripheral obstruction (Swyer-James
      syndrome: n = 1; congenital cystic bronchiectasis: n = 1). We consider the origin
      of hypoperfusion to be alveolar distension and hypoxic precapillary
      vasoconstriction, both participating in diminished blood flow to the check-valve
      obstructed lung. In Swyer-James syndrome reduced vascularity is an additional
      feature. Preoperative and long-term postoperative lung function data of 5
      pneumonectomized patients are compared. On the whole, FEV1 and IVC remain
      unchanged, whereas the obstructive profile (RV, RV/TLC, sRAW) improves. From
      these data it is concluded that the affected hyperlucent lung is 'amputated' even
      before operation - irrespective of the nature of tissue damage. On the other hand
      postoperative relief of airways obstruction is supposed to be due to both
      antiobstructive medication and the removal of a diseased lung.

PMID- 3393741
TI  - Genesis and control of hypertension in hemodialysis patients.

PMID- 3393742
TI  - Experimental data on the antiulcerous action of the pharmaceutical product
      Gastrofibran.

PMID- 3393743
TI  - [The place of Gastrobent in gastroduodenal medication].

PMID- 3393744
TI  - [The preparation and control of extractive solutions of yarrow (Millefolii herba)
      for use of the preparations in medicated baths. I].

PMID- 3393745
TI  - [A clofibric acid derivative with hypolipemic and platelet antiaggregant action].

PMID- 3393747
TI  - [Rehabilitation of patients with peripheral arteriosclerosis obliterans by physio
      , kineto- and balneotherapy].

PMID- 3393746
TI  - [General and local hormonal therapy in scleroderma].

PMID- 3393748
TI  - [A modern method of assessing the hemodynamic state of the left atrium.
      Echocardiographic research].

PMID- 3393749
TI  - The haemolytic-uremic syndrome.

PMID- 3393750
TI  - [Primary hyperparathyroidism in cystic parathyroid adenoma located within the
      thyroid].

PMID- 3393751
TI  - [Medicine for the healthy human being].

PMID- 3393753
TI  - [Experimental research on the effect of acupuncture on the gastrointestinal and
      electrocardiographic changes produced during forced immobilization].

PMID- 3393752
TI  - [Implications of the scientific and technical revolution for human ecology and
      health].

PMID- 3393754
TI  - [The cardiac veins. III) Morphological aspects of the coronary sinus].

PMID- 3393755
TI  - [Scientific meeting on neurology. 4-6 June 1987, Piatra Neamt, Rumania.
      Abstracts].

PMID- 3393756
TI  - [Possibilities of rehabilitation in brain stem syndromes].

PMID- 3393757
TI  - [Posttraumatic purulent meningitis: notes on 100 cases].

PMID- 3393758
TI  - [Forensic psychiatry in the conceptual and methodological projection of its
      expert function].

PMID- 3393760
TI  - [Schopf's syndrome, a new clinical entity].

PMID- 3393761
TI  - [Effect of some procedures of naturalistic medicine on pulmonary radiology in
      influenza].

PMID- 3393759
TI  - [Typological aspects in felony behavior].

PMID- 3393762
TI  - [Clinico-experimental data on the efficacy of viloxazine in depressive states].

PMID- 3393763
TI  - [A case of hetero-aggressively induced autoaggressivity].

PMID- 3393764
TI  - [Several observations on the external tibial bone].

PMID- 3393765
TI  - [Pharmacodynamic screening of the immunostimulant activity of products from the
      plant Solenostema argel (Del.) Hayne].

PMID- 3393766
TI  - [Rupture of the bladder].

PMID- 3393767
TI  - [Chronic subdural hematoma in the anatomo-clinical form of a pseudotumor].

PMID- 3393768
TI  - [Developmental characteristics of a papillary transitional cell carcinoma with
      pyelo-ureteral localization].

PMID- 3393769
TI  - [Early postoperative intestinal occlusion at the level of the terminal ileum].

PMID- 3393770
TI  - [Epidemiological assessment of the risk factors for essential arterial
      hypertension. Observations in an industrial milieu].

PMID- 3393771
TI  - [The role of bacterial contamination of the air and surfaces in hospital
      infections].

PMID- 3393772
TI  - [Molecular neurology].

PMID- 3393773
TI  - [Plasma progesterone concentrations in pregnancy and labor].

PMID- 3393775
TI  - Organ-preserving surgery for renal cell carcinoma in patients with a solitary
      kidney or bilateral tumors.
AB  - Organ-preserving surgery is generally accepted when renal cell carcinoma (RCC)
      occurs in a solitary kidney or in both kidneys. Over a 12-year period, 238
      patients underwent surgery for RCC at our hospital; 15 (6.3%) of these underwent
      organ-preserving procedures. Nine of ten patients with disease in a solitary
      kidney are alive without evidence of tumor (four more than 5 years
      postoperatively and five from 2 to 4 years). Six patients had bilateral disease,
      three of whom are alive at 2, 2, and 3 years, and three of whom died at 4, 5, and
      9 years.

PMID- 3393774
TI  - In vivo and in vitro chemotherapy sensitivity testing for human kidney tumor
      lines: a comparative study.
AB  - In vivo and in vitro chemosensitivity testing has been applied to kidney
      carcinoma tumor lines. Serially transplantable tumors were implanted
      subcutaneously in nude mice and the animals were treated with cytostatic drugs.
      The results of this in vivo assay were compared with the results obtained with
      the subrenal capsule assay, the DNA precursor assay (3H-thymidine), and the
      colony-formation assay, utilizing the same tumor line in each case. Higher rates
      of resistant tumors were found in the in vivo assays than in the in vitro assays.
      The SRC assay and the DNA assay had the highest predictive value, as judged from
      comparison with the results obtained with the source tumor (human kidney
      carcinoma tumor line).

PMID- 3393776
TI  - Urological aspects of surgical management for metastatic renal cell cancer.
AB  - At the time of diagnosis one-third of patients with renal cell cancer are found
      to have metastatic spread. The patient's general condition and biological age as
      well as the resectability of the primary and/or secondary tumor decide whether
      surgery is indicated. Of our 44 patients, 12 underwent extirpation of metastases;
      5-year survival was 47%. This is in agreement with published data. Patients with
      renal cell cancer and a solitary metastasis are, therefore, good candidates for
      surgery. In the presence of disseminated metastatic spread there is currently no
      place for tumor-reducing surgery because of the lack of effective adjuvant
      treatment modalities.

PMID- 3393777
TI  - Orthopaedic management of bony metastases of renal cancer.
AB  - Pain and loss of function of the skeleton are the main symptoms of patients with
      bony metastases of renal cancer. Experience with 57 patients (40 of them had 52
      operations) shows the surgical possibilities for early restoration of function
      and pain relief. Metastases were mainly localized in the femur, vertebral column,
      and humerus. Surgical management after nephrectomy consisted either in curettage
      and stabilization with plates and bone cement in case of multiple metastases or
      in resection and endoprosthetic treatment for solitary lesions. Thus the quality
      of life could be improved in every case. Survival time and primary diagnosis of
      hypernephroma prior to the detection of bony metastases are closely related.

PMID- 3393778
TI  - Pathology of renal cancer and its metastases.
AB  - The pretherapeutic classification of renal carcinomas includes the assessment of
      the tumor stage, the histological gross pattern, the cytological features, and
      the histopathological grading. As to the local tumor extension the perinephric
      invasion and renal vein involvement are the most important prognostic features.
      The presence of metastases dramatically alters survival. Histologically, compact,
      tubular, and papillary growth patterns are differentiated. Furthermore, the
      verification of the cell types in renal carcinomas is of prognostic significance.
      The clear cell carcinomas are opposed to the granular cell and spindle
      shaped/pleomorphic types with poor prognosis. Rarely tumors consist of so-called
      "chromophobe" cells with finely reticular cytoplasms. They closely resemble clear
      cell carcinomas and exhibit a similar biological behaviour. According to the
      grade of atypia in renal carcinomas three grades of malignancy are distinguished.
      Conclusively, the tumor grade and the tumor cell type are the most reliable
      indicators of the malignant potential of renal carcinomas.

PMID- 3393779
TI  - Ifosfamide chemotherapy of metastatic renal cell cancer.
AB  - In view of the divergent reports on the efficacy of ifosfamide in metastatic
      renal cell cancer, we tested this drug as monotherapy in nine patients on a
      dosage schedule of intravenous infusion of 40 mg/kg per day on days 1-5, repeated
      every 4 wk. The drug was administered in 1 liter saline dextrose over 2 hr, with
      hydration, alkalization of the urine, and mesna. No objective response was
      registered and subjective response in three patients was of short duration. The
      number of patients in this series is too small to draw definitive conclusions.
      However, the results obtained in this study does not prove antitumor activity for
      ifosfamide in renal cell cancer.

PMID- 3393780
TI  - Twelve-year experience with chemotherapy in adult metastatic renal cell carcinoma
      at the Institut Gustave-Roussy.
AB  - One hundred fifty-three adult patients with metastatic renal carcinoma were
      treated over a 12-year period. Five successive chemotherapeutic protocols were
      used: vincristine or teniposide plus CCNU, elliptinium weekly or monthly,
      ifosfamide, and lastly, a multidrug regimen with adriamycin, vindesine,
      cyclophosphamide, cisplatinum, and dacarbazine. Results obtained with these
      different consecutive protocols were very disappointing with only ten (7%)
      objective responses encountered.

PMID- 3393781
TI  - Ciprofloxacin: in vitro, experimental, and clinical evaluation.
AB  - Ciprofloxacin at a concentration of 2 micrograms/mL inhibited the growth of
      approximately 90% of 584 strains of aerobic bacteria isolated from cultures of
      blood drawn from septicemic patients. An increase in the inoculum size did not
      result in an increased MIC, but serial passages through media containing
      ciprofloxacin at sub-MIC levels increased the MIC for Escherichia coli,
      Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus vulgaris. In experimental subcutaneous
      abscesses in the mouse model, ciprofloxacin was more active than cefotaxime
      against a mixed infection induced with E. coli and Bacteroides fragilis. Against
      mixed E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus infection, no significant differences
      were noted between the two drugs. In a double-blind, prospective, randomized
      clinical study, perorally administered ciprofloxacin was compared with
      intravenously administered cefotaxime in the treatment of skin and soft-tissue
      infections severe enough to require hospitalization. In 70 patients treated, the
      therapeutic efficacy of peroral ciprofloxacin was comparable to that of
      intravenous cefotaxime, with two differences: S. aureus infections responded less
      favorably to oral ciprofloxacin (62%) than to intravenous cefotaxime (90%), and
      aerobic gram-negative bacillary infections responded more favorably to
      ciprofloxacin (92%) than to cefotaxime (64%).

PMID- 3393783
TI  - Infectious disease rounds: toxoplasmosis in a premature infant.

PMID- 3393784
TI  - Prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a Spanish hospital.
AB  - Recent reports of the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
      (MRSA) in Europe are infrequent compared with reports in the 1960s. Annual
      incidence of the isolation of MRSA was studied in a general hospital in Guipuzcoa
      (Basque country) over a 9-year period. Overall prevalence was 4.5%-12.93% in the
      first 3 years (coinciding with an epidemic phase) and later 0.29%, underlining
      the cyclic and epidemic nature of this infection.

PMID- 3393782
TI  - Adjunctive hyperbaric oxygen for treatment of rhinocerebral mucormycosis.
AB  - The therapy of rhinocerebral mucormycosis includes aggressive surgical
      debridement, administration of high-dose amphotericin B, and control of
      underlying predisposing conditions, especially diabetes and immunosuppression or
      immunodeficiency. Hyperbaric oxygen suppresses fungal growth in vitro and has
      theoretical value in treating mucormycosis because it reduces the tissue hypoxia
      and acidosis that accompany vascular invasion by the fungus. In a retrospective
      review of patients at Duke University Medical Center with rhinocerebral
      mucormycosis, six patients were treated with hyperbaric oxygen and seven cases
      (involving six patients) were treated without hyperbaric oxygen. All patients
      received surgical debridement and amphotericin B. Two of six patients receiving
      hyperbaric oxygen therapy died, and four of seven patients not receiving
      hyperbaric oxygen therapy died. Adverse effects from hyperbaric oxygen were
      minimal. Because mucormycosis occurs infrequently, this retrospective review
      involved a small number of patients. Despite this limitation, adjunctive
      hyperbaric oxygen appears to be a promising clinical modality for the treatment
      of rhinocerebral mucormycosis and warrants further investigation.

PMID- 3393786
TI  - Community-acquired acinetobacter pneumonia in adults in Papua New Guinea.
AB  - Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, an aerobic gram-negative coccobacillus, is a rare
      cause of community-acquired pneumonia. It most commonly causes nosocomial
      infections, particularly in elderly debilitated patients who have undergone
      surgery, instrumentation, and antibiotic therapy. In a study of acute pneumonia
      in adults, five cases of community-acquired acinetobacter pneumonia were observed
      over an 11-month period. Other than chronic pulmonary disease (two patients), no
      serious underlying diseases existed in these patients. Lobar consolidation was
      the predominant radiologic pattern. The mortality rate was 40%, and mortality was
      directly related to therapy with inappropriate antibiotics. The reason for this
      relatively high prevalence of community-acquired acinetobacter pneumonia in the
      population studied is not known. Possible explanations include the high
      prevalence of chronic pulmonary disease, indiscriminate use of penicillin, and an
      unknown immunodeficiency state.

PMID- 3393785
TI  - Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia: univariate and multivariate analyses of
      factors influencing the prognosis in 133 episodes.
AB  - One hundred thirty-three consecutive episodes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
      bacteremia were prospectively followed in a university hospital over a 36-month
      period. The attack rate was 1.8 episodes per 1,000 discharges, and 85% of the
      episodes were hospital acquired. P. aeruginosa bacteremia represented 13.6% and
      25.6% of the episodes of nosocomial bacteremia and gram-negative nosocomial
      bacteremia, respectively. The crude mortality rate was 50%. A stepwise logistic
      regression analysis defined four variables as independently influencing the
      outcome: development of septic shock (P = .00002), a granulocyte count less than
      500/mm3 (P = .0008), inappropriate antibiotic therapy (P = .001), and the
      development of septic metastasis (P = .003). Among them, only the antibiotic
      treatment is easily amenable to medical intervention in order to improve the
      prognosis. Consequently, major efforts should focus on prevention and on the
      development of other therapeutic measures apart from antibiotic treatment.

PMID- 3393787
TI  - Increasing evidence for the pathogenic role of DF-2 organisms.

PMID- 3393788
TI  - Another case of AIDS in the pre-AIDS era.

PMID- 3393790
TI  - [Invasive carcinoma of the ovary].

PMID- 3393789
TI  - [The X chromosome and diseases related to the X chromosome].

PMID- 3393791
TI  - [Epidemiology of cancer of the ovary. Risk factors].

PMID- 3393792
TI  - [The place of surgery in the therapeutic strategy of cancer of the ovary].

PMID- 3393793
TI  - [The place of chemotherapy in cancer of the ovary].

PMID- 3393794
TI  - [Re-evaluation of second look laparotomy in cancer of the ovary].

PMID- 3393795
TI  - [Intraperitoneal chemotherapy in cancer of the ovary].

PMID- 3393796
TI  - [Treatment of stage III and IV cancers of the ovary. Combined experiences of
      Saint Anthony's Hospital and the Hotel-Dieu de Quebec].

PMID- 3393798
TI  - [Cerebral Doppler technic during labor using signal monitoring at the level of
      the fetal scalp].
AB  - The purpose of modern obstetrics is to obtain tracers of the fetal cerebral risk
      during labor, enabling to deliver the child before cerebral ischemia occurs.
      Recording of the fetal heart and measurement of acid-base balance are remarkable
      tracers; however, a much better precision is desired to avoid unnecessary or too
      late caesarean sections. Blood velocity measurement by Doppler at the level of
      the vessels at the base of the fetal skull is technically possible during labor;
      this has been demonstrated in 8 fetuses. The major cerebral index D/S during
      labor is 0.40 +/- 0.04, i.e. slightly lower than the mean index measured at the
      cord (0.50 +/- 0.07). In case of decelerations, it decreases to a mean value of
      0.22 +/- 0.02. These preliminary results permit to hope that long-term
      measurements with continuous Doppler, of the arterial fetal cerebral flow,
      provide a direct and accurate tracer of the risk of cerebral ischemia during
      labor.

PMID- 3393799
TI  - [Spontaneous rupture of the spleen in relation to a splenic pregnancy. Apropos of
      a case].
AB  - Spontaneous rupture of the spleen related to an ectopic pregnancy is exceptional
      but must be kept in mind. The clinical picture is dominated by signs of
      haemoperitoneum and shock. Except in an emergency, the plasma BhCG titration,
      abdominal ultrasonography and CT-Scan, offer a major contribution. If the
      exploration through a Pfannenstiel incision is normal, the surgeon should not
      hesitate to extend it through the mid-line. The diagnosis is almost always made
      on pathological examination.

PMID- 3393797
TI  - [Sexually transmissible diseases and female sterility].
AB  - Regarding personal studies and a review of the literature, the authors are
      discussing the consequences of STD on fertility. Thus, through salpingitis, STD
      represent the main cause of tubal sterility, distal and proximal, and ectopic
      pregnancies. It seems desirable to look for them in the latter and treat them
      with a suitable antibiotherapy. The chlamydia serology seems a good screening
      examination. The best prevention of STD will certainly permit to decrease the
      frequency of tubal sterility and ectopic pregnancies, in the years to come,
      limiting therefore the major public health expenses they involve.

PMID- 3393800
TI  - [Clinical analysis of a new triphasic estroprogestational combination with
      gestodene].
AB  - New steroidal compounds have been recently synthetized and analysed in order to
      improve the metabolic tolerance of oral contraception. Gestodene, a new
      progestogen from the 19 nortestosterone series seems to fulfil these conditions.
      It has also high antigonadotropic effects. The authors report the clinical
      results of a study with a triphasic combination containing Gestodene. Despite the
      small doses of hormones, this triphasic combination with Gestodene provides
      excellent contraceptive efficacy and good cycle control and clinical tolerance.

PMID- 3393803
TI  - AMA report of the Board of Trustees. Nursing education and the supply of nursing
      personnel in the United States.

PMID- 3393802
TI  - Initial experience with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in Rhode Island.
      Procedure has permanently altered the treatment of urinary calculi.

PMID- 3393801
TI  - The impending crisis at the bedside.

PMID- 3393804
TI  - Disease of round ligament of the liver simulating acute gall bladder. Cases
      presenting as acute surgical emergencies not previously reported.

PMID- 3393805
TI  - [Realities and experiences of nursing management].

PMID- 3393807
TI  - [Knowing what I do, I am with the nurses].

PMID- 3393806
TI  - [Can we give a stellar role to patients?].

PMID- 3393808
TI  - [Nursing and old age].

PMID- 3393810
TI  - [How to care for AIDS patients?].

PMID- 3393809
TI  - [Nursing, the key part of primary care].

PMID- 3393811
TI  - [AIDS and tuberculosis].

PMID- 3393812
TI  - [Nursing and nutritional education in the United Kingdom].

PMID- 3393814
TI  - [Andalucia is mobilizing. To reduce cancer in the year 2000].

PMID- 3393813
TI  - [Continuing education. 26. Subject: community nursing. Topic: health education].

PMID- 3393815
TI  - [Colorectal carcinoma--surgical intervention].
AB  - Surgery of colorectal cancer can rely on well-tried methods and on the fact that
      a large proportion of operations have been very successful and "curative". The
      emphasis is on operations that preserve continence, as well as on appropriate
      measures to prevent locoregional relapse (adjuvant therapy), on surgery of
      metastases and problems of aftercare aiming at early surgery in case of relapse
      and at psychosocial rehabilitation with special reference to the stoma problem.

PMID- 3393816
TI  - [Colorectal carcinoma--clinical and radiologic problems of aftercare].
AB  - Aftercare following surgery of colorectal tumours aims mainly at early detection
      of a relapse for the purpose of curative re-intervention. Improvement of
      diagnostic possibilities, especially by means of tumour markers, flexible
      endoscopy, computed tomography, magnetic resonance and ultrasound, increased the
      efficacy of aftercare; however, diagnosis of tumour recurrence has always been
      too late to perform repeated surgery with the expected measure of success. In
      relation to all cases of failure of therapy, the proportion of potentially
      curative re-interventions was about 10%. Whereas operations at the frame of the
      colon are practically free from a specific therapeutic co-morbidity, problems of
      continence may be expected in deep rectal surgery; especially after extirpation
      of the rectum, we can expect stoma problems and urogenital complaints as well as
      difficulties with the rectal excision wound. In case of adjuvant radiotherapy
      there may be irradiation sequels such as adhesion difficulties or radiogenic
      proctitis. The occurrence of metachronous secondary tumours is a special aspect
      of colorectal carcinomas, so that aftercare always includes prevention as well.
      Further aftercare measures follow from the context of psychosocial
      rehabilitation. Principally it is possible to achieve the ideal goal of complete
      reinstatement in the family, in society and in professional life after colorectal
      cancer surgery.

PMID- 3393818
TI  - [A complex symphalangia syndrome with brachydactyly, humeroradial synostosis and
      other multiple joint dysplasias].
AB  - Two members of a family affected with autosomal dominant multiple synostosis
      syndrome and malformations of various joints are presented, the most prominent
      signs being humeroradial synostosis and symphalangism. Moreover, dysplastic hip
      joints and familial conductive deafness as well as craniofacial abnormalities are
      observed. The present report may serve as an introduction to the complex
      radiological pattern in patients with hereditary brachydactyly syndrome.

PMID- 3393817
TI  - [Long-term results of surgical therapy of rectal carcinoma].
AB  - 223 rectal carcinoma patients were treated between 1965 and 1985 at the
      Department of Surgery of the Academy of Medicine at Wroclaw in Poland. Radical
      surgery was performed in 136 patients and a palliative method of 72 patients.
      Among the 136 radically treated patients, the five-year survival rate was 46.3%
      and the 10-15 year survival rate 14.7%. Of the 72 patients subjected to
      palliative surgery, only three survived for five years.

PMID- 3393820
TI  - [Clinical test and study of the nasal fossae].

PMID- 3393819
TI  - [Anatomo-physiology of the nasal fossae].

PMID- 3393821
TI  - [Infectious rhinitis. Clinical forms and diagnosis].

PMID- 3393822
TI  - [Allergic rhinitis].

PMID- 3393823
TI  - [Vasomotor rhinitis].

PMID- 3393824
TI  - [Nasosinus polyposis].

PMID- 3393825
TI  - [Symptomatic treatment of rhinitis].

PMID- 3393826
TI  - [Fetal deformities caused by mechanical constraints in utero].

PMID- 3393828
TI  - [Multiple pregnancy].

PMID- 3393827
TI  - [Toxic hazards for the fetus. Alcohol, psychoactive drugs and tobacco].

PMID- 3393829
TI  - [Erysipelas].

PMID- 3393830
TI  - [Microbial fasciitis].

PMID- 3393832
TI  - [Cutaneous infections in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome].

PMID- 3393831
TI  - [Borreliosis].

PMID- 3393833
TI  - [Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome].

PMID- 3393834
TI  - [Cutaneous infections caused by atypical mycobacteria].

PMID- 3393836
TI  - [Heparin-antivitamin K transfer].

PMID- 3393835
TI  - [Thrombocytopenia caused by heparin].

PMID- 3393837
TI  - [Prospects in the field of rheumatoid inflammation].

PMID- 3393838
TI  - [Serum, synovial and intra-articular pharmacokinetics of naproxen after one-gram
      oral administration in patients with rheumatoid polyarthritis].
AB  - After a reminder of the major points of the pharmacokinetics of non-steroid anti
      inflammatory drugs, the authors report the results of a multicentric study of the
      kinetics of naproxen after oral intake of one single dose of 1 gram in patients
      with rheumatoid arthritis. The half-life is longer in the synovial fluid than in
      the serum, 23 hours versus 17 hours. The balance point is obtained at the 24th
      hour and, at that time, the naproxen level in the synovium and the joint fluid
      are 32 and 60 p. cent, respectively, of the corresponding maximum concentrations.

PMID- 3393839
TI  - [A congestive bout of arthrosis: is it an inflammatory outbreak?].
AB  - The arthrotic disease is frequently dotted with "bouts" characterized by a new
      outbreak of pain which may lead to inflammation and sometimes, for superficial
      joints, characterized by increased local heat and, mostly, hydarthrosis. But, the
      inflammatory component usually remains moderate and many clinicians prefer the
      term of congestive bout which, in addition, respects the classical opposition
      arthrosis-arthritis. Actually, this opposition is not so clear-cut, and it
      appears more and more clearly that arthrosis is a multi-factorial disease where,
      in addition to mechanical, genetic or metabolic factors, the synovial
      inflammation plays a major role in the degeneration of the cartilage. The
      findings of arthroscopy and pathology let to believe that congestive bouts are
      actually inflammatory bouts.

PMID- 3393840
TI  - [Should there be a new classification of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory
      agents?].
AB  - There are, in France, about thirty NSAIDs which are commercialized under various
      forms. There are many chemical classifications but they do not present any
      advantage regarding the prescription, in so far as the chemical structure of a
      NSAID does not permit to anticipate its effectiveness nor its tolerance.
      Therefore the original structure of a new NSAID has no practical implications.
      However, the NSAIDs may be grouped in five main families corresponding to similar
      pharmaco-clinical profiles: pyrazol, indol, anthranilic or fenamates derivatives,
      oxicams and aryl-carboxylic derivatives. According to their half-life of plasma
      clearance, the NSAIDs may be divided in three groups: short half-life of plasma
      clearance (2 to 4 hours) requiring several daily doses; intermediate half-life
      (12 to 18 hours) allowing once or twice/day administration; long half-life
      (exceeding 24 hours) allowing a single daily dose. The variability of plasma
      kinetic parameters, the absence of correlation of the plasma levels with
      effectiveness, speed of action and tolerance, restrict the advantages of such a
      pharmaco-kinetic classification. More than the plasma concentrations, it's the
      tissues levels (synovial fluid, synovial tissue) that must be taken into
      consideration. NSAIDs with a short or intermediate clearance half-life and a long
      synovial half-life, seem to have the best pharmacokinetic profile. It is finally
      the benefit/risk ratio which should guide the prescription. The effectiveness of
      NSAIDs is usually demonstrated in all fields of the pathology of rheumatism, but
      their advantages remain to be proven in numerous extra-rheumatologic indications.
      The risk is more difficult to evaluate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3393841
TI  - [Introduction to rheumatoid arthritis].

PMID- 3393842
TI  - [Importance of the HLA group in the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of
      rheumatoid polyarthritis].
AB  - Determination of HLA typing in patients affected with rheumatologic diseases, is
      a major diagnosis tool. Beside the classic association HLA B27-ankylosing
      spondylitis, recent studies have demonstrated an anomaly high frequency of HLA
      DW4 and HLA-DR4 in patients with rheumatoid polyarthritis as compared to a
      reference population. It has also been possible, in this disease, to determine
      HLA groups with a more severe rheumatoid arthritis and a higher risk of
      undesirable effects. However, these findings are, in practice, of limited
      interest, since the cost of such investigation does not justify looking for them
      systematically in order to establish a diagnosis, evaluate a prognosis or
      anticipate a therapeutic accident.

PMID- 3393843
TI  - [Rheumatoid polyarthritis. Misleading aspects and its doubles].
AB  - The diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis is easy for typical forms, but is difficult
      in certain cases. This is especially true at the onset of the disease. In fact,
      10 to 15 p. cent of rheumatoid arthritis cases present onsets which are more or
      less deceptive, either in their mode, or localization. Until now, no valid
      assistance could be expected from the pathology, serology or even immunogenetics
      and molecular biology. In forms seen in their active phase, there are a number of
      diseases, of various causes, which may simulate rheumatoid polyarthritis. It is
      absolutely necessary to recognize them in order not to embark on an erroneous
      therapeutic approach.

PMID- 3393844
TI  - [Therapeutic management of rheumatoid polyarthritis (1988)].
AB  - The authors briefly remind of the broad outline of their therapeutic approach
      regarding rheumatoid polyarthritis, specifying their attitude towards the main
      medications currently available. They mainly stress the mistakes too often mad in
      the long-term treatment of the disease.

PMID- 3393845
TI  - [Acadione, a new long-term treatment of rheumatoid polyarthritis].
AB  - This article summarizes the authors' experience and data from the literature
      regarding acadione, a medication like D-penicillamine with a thiol radical, in
      the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Two control studies versus placebo and two
      control trial versus D-penicillamine prove the effectiveness of the treatment and
      demonstrate a similar activity between 1 g of acadione and 600 mg of D
      penicillamine. The side-effects of acadione are similar of those of D
      penicillamine, essentially rash, toxic dermatitis, agueusia, proteinuria, which
      disappear upon discontinuation of the treatment. The fact that the patient
      exhibited a side effect with D-penicillamine, increases, the risk with acadione,
      but this is not systematic, which is the main advantage of this product.

PMID- 3393846
TI  - Regulation of experimental allergic thyroiditis.
AB  - The susceptibility to experimental allergic thyroiditis (EAT) of rats that had
      previously been immunized against thyroglobulin was examined. Challenge with
      thyroglobulin 5 weeks previously conferred strong resistance to the induction of
      EAT after exposure to a sensitization protocol that was otherwise highly
      effective. Resistance to induction of EAT could also be conferred by the
      inoculation of spleen cells from thyroglobulin-sensitized donors on the day of
      birth. Heavily irradiated spleen cells from sensitized donors were able to confer
      resistance on neonatal recipients, indicating that prolonged survival of the
      transferred cells was not required.

PMID- 3393847
TI  - Modulation of natural killer cell activity in peripheral blood by physical
      exercise.
AB  - The present study was designed to examine the effect of physical exercise on
      human natural killer (NK) cells. Six healthy volunteers underwent two different
      acute physical exercise tests with an interval of at least 1 week: (1) 60 min
      bicycle exercise at 80% of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and (2) 60 min back
      muscle training at up to 29% of VO2max; blood samples were collected before and
      during the last few minutes of exercise, as well as 2 h and 24 h afterwards. The
      NK cell activity (lysis/fixed number of mononuclear cells) increased during
      bicycle exercise, dropped to a minimum 2 h later and returned to pre-exercise
      levels within 24 h. Back-muscle exercise did not significantly influence NK cell
      activity. Plasma levels of adrenaline, noradrenaline, and cortisol were elevated
      during bicycling, but not during back-muscle exercise, indicating that exercise
      intensity is a determinant of NK cell activity. During bicycle exercise the NK
      cell subset (CD16- cells) of mononuclear cells increased significantly.
      Furthermore an improved interleukin 2 (IL-2) boosting of the NK cell activity was
      found during work as compared to IFN-alpha and indomethacin-enhanced NK cell
      activity. These results indicate that NK cells with a high IL-2 response capacity
      are recruited to the peripheral blood during exercise. The decreased NK cell
      activity demonstrated 2 h after work was probably not due to fluctuations in size
      of the NK cell pool, since the proportion of CD16+ cells was normal. The finding
      that indomethacin fully restored the suppressed NK cell activity in vitro and the
      demonstration of a twofold increase in monocyte (CD20+ cells) proportions 2 h
      after work, strongly indicate that prostaglandins released by monocytes during
      the heavy physical exercise are responsible for the down-regulation of the NK
      cells.

PMID- 3393848
TI  - Characterization of bovine amyloid proteins SAA and AA.
AB  - The bovine serum amyloid A (SAA) and tissue amyloid A (AA) proteins were isolated
      and characterized. SAA was isolated from acute phase high density lipoprotein
      (HDL) of a cow suffering from acute mastitis, and was identified by amino acid
      sequence analysis. No AA-like protein was found in complex with HDL in serum.
      Amyloid fibrils isolated from a bovine kidney contained a 9 kDa AA protein and a
      considerable amount of a 14 kDa protein. Amino acid sequence analysis showed that
      the largest protein probably represents undegraded SAA. This is an interesting
      observation which confirms previous works indicating that SAA can be incorporated
      in the amyloid fibrils without a prior degradation to AA. The partial amino acid
      sequences of bovine SAA and AA were strikingly homologous to the sequences of
      corresponding proteins in man and other species.

PMID- 3393849
TI  - Mesothelioma in Great Britain in 1968-1983.
AB  - The British mesothelioma register records deaths in Great Britain when the word
      "mesothelioma" is on the death certificate. In 1968-1983 the mesothelioma deaths
      among men increased from 114 to 467, while those among women increased from 38 to
      90. In 1983 the crude mesothelioma death rates were 17.5 per million and 3.2 per
      million for the men and women, respectively. The Northern region had the highest
      crude rates. At the county level, the highest crude deaths rates in 1976-1983
      were recorded for the men in Devon and for the women in Lancashire. Marked
      differences occurred in the ratio of deaths among men to deaths among women for
      mesothelioma of the pleura (4.6:1) and for mesothelioma of the peritoneum (2:1).
      The age-specific death rates for men and women diverged markedly for pleural
      mesothelioma but not for peritoneal mesothelioma. Trends in the use of asbestos
      and in age- and sex-specific death rates suggest that the annual number of
      mesothelioma deaths will continue to increase, possibly until the turn of the
      century. This increase will be concentrated among the men as the main asbestos
      exposure of women occurred during the war and the annual deaths due to this
      exposure may have already peaked.

PMID- 3393851
TI  - Use of plant- and period-specific job-exposure matrices in studies on
      occupational cancer.
AB  - Job-exposure matrices were constructed and applied in the estimation of past
      exposures in a case-referent study nested within a cohort of Finnish woodworkers.
      The objective was to avoid bias in the risk estimates because of a
      misclassification of exposures. The matrices were constructed separately for each
      plant under study and each calendar year of follow-up. The level of exposure was
      incorporated in the matrices, since rather comprehensive data on exposures were
      available. The individual work histories were converted to exposure histories by
      a computer program which calculated several exposure indicators (eg, level and
      dose, with and without allowance for a latency period). The comparison between
      several indicators was thought to provide additional information for the final
      evaluation of results. The use of the plant- and period-specific job exposure
      matrices may be considered in cohort and nested case-referent studies on
      occupational hazards as an alternative to other procedures used in the estimation
      of exposures. Specific matrices may find broader applicability along with the
      increasing availability of detailed hygienic data.

PMID- 3393850
TI  - A mortality study of vinyl chloride monomer workers employed in the United
      Kingdom in 1940-1974.
AB  - The mortality experience of 5,498 male workers employed for at least one year
      during 1940-1974 in the vinyl chloride industry of the United Kingdom was
      followed through to 31 December 1984. There was a significant excess of
      nonsecondary liver tumors with 11 deaths, of which seven were angiosarcomas. All
      the angiosarcoma deaths occurred in autoclave workers with a median latency of 25
      years from date of first exposure. A strong healthy worker effect was seen. Other
      than that for liver cancer, no increased incidence of cancer deaths attributable
      to vinyl chloride monomer exposure was found. There was no evidence of increased
      mortality from chronic liver disease. The incidence of death from respiratory
      disease was low and was not affected by polyvinyl chloride dust exposure.

PMID- 3393852
TI  - Application of an Euclidian distance measure to the selection of reference areas
      in epidemiologic research concerning environmental issues.
AB  - A procedure for selecting reference areas in epidemiologic research employing
      census data and squared Euclidian distance is described. The procedure was
      adapted from cluster analysis, a multivariate statistical technique that has been
      applied in many disciplines. With the use of 12 census variables as the basis for
      evaluating sociodemographic differentiation, squared Euclidian distances were
      calculated between a geographically delineated index area in southwest Alberta,
      where residents had complained for several years about the effects of exposure to
      sour gas emissions, and 119 provincial census tracts in the rest of
      nonmetropolitan southern Alberta. The Euclidian distances can be interpreted as
      social distance scores with values close to zero representing a high level of
      sociodemographic similarity between the index area and potential reference areas.
      The social distance scores, in association with environmental data, suggested a
      clear choice for the most comparable unexposed reference area and illustrated the
      difficulty of finding a suitable most comparable exposed reference area. Results
      from the demographic component of the subsequent health survey indicated that the
      index area and reference area were similar in most respects. Furthermore, tests
      with and without statistical adjustment for confounding variables produced
      negligible differences on most of the important target outcome variables.

PMID- 3393853
TI  - Thyroid function as assessed by routine laboratory tests of workers with long
      term lead exposure.
AB  - Thyroid function was studied in 176 male workers occupationally exposed to lead.
      The mean blood lead concentration of the workers was 2.70 (SD 1.15, range 0.70
      6.45) mumol/l. The mean duration of lead exposure was 7.6 (range 0.1-20) years.
      The total thyroxine (T4), free thyroxine (FT4), total triiodothyronine (T3), and
      thyrotropin concentrations in serum were similar in the workers in the low and
      high blood lead categories. In regression equations the duration of lead exposure
      had a weak but significant negative association with T4 and FT4, and this
      association was particularly pronounced when the analyses were restricted to
      workers with the most intense lead exposure over time. Thus, the results suggest
      that thyroid function might be depressed as a result of intense long-term lead
      exposure.

PMID- 3393854
TI  - An 11-year longitudinal study of the occupational dust exposure and lung function
      of polyvinyl chloride, cement and asbestos cement factory workers.
AB  - Standardized questionnaires and lung function tests were administered in 1973,
      1980, and 1984 to 126 workers occupationally exposed to polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
      dust, to cement dust, or to asbestos cement dust until 1974-1978 and to PVC
      thereafter. The workers in the last group were assigned to two asbestos exposure
      categories (heavy and slight). The decline in forced vital capacity (FVC) and
      forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1.0) was analyzed with regard to the length
      of time since the data of first employment. After adjustment for age, height, and
      smoking status at the date of first employment, the decline in FVC and FEV1.0
      among the nonsmokers-light smokers was slightly accelerated with length of
      employment in the PVC and slight asbestos exposure groups and markedly
      accelerated with time since first employment in the heavy asbestos exposure
      group. The heavy smokers in all the exposure groups had FVC and FEV1.0 predicted
      values that were lower than those of the nonsmokers-light smokers; these
      differences remained constant with length of employment. Cessation of asbestos
      exposure for about 10 years did not seem to change lung function decline.

PMID- 3393855
TI  - Changes in job strain in relation to changes in physiological state. A
      longitudinal study.
AB  - A sample of 73 men and women aged 22-63 years and working in six different
      occupations (air traffic controllers, waiters, physicians, symphony orchestra
      musicians, baggage handlers, and airplane mechanics) participated in a
      longitudinal study four times during a year. The spontaneous variations in job
      strain (determined as the self-reported ratio between psychological demands and
      decision latitude) were substantial. The average difference between the occasion
      with the highest level of strain and the occasion with the lowest level was 25%
      of the total mean. Systolic blood pressure during workhours, as well as self
      reported sleep disturbance, increased when demands increased in relation to
      decision latitude. Among men with a depressive tendency (according to a diary)
      morning plasma prolactin levels increased markedly with increasing job strain.
      Among subjects with a positive family history of hypertension the increase in
      systolic blood pressure at work was particularly pronounced, and among the men in
      this group a lower than expected level of morning cortisol was found measured
      during the period with the highest level of strain.

PMID- 3393858
TI  - Physical demands in worklife.
AB  - Industrial occupations which are physically strenuous in the traditional sense of
      the word have decreased in number. They have partly been replaced by "light,"
      repetitive, monotonous work tasks performed in a sitting position. The number of
      heavy work tasks within the service sector has increased. Specialization has been
      intensified. The individual's capacity for strenuous work is still of importance
      to successful work performance. Many studies show that an optional choice of work
      pace in physically demanding occupational work results in an adaptation of pace
      or intensity until the worker is utilizing 40-50% of her or his capacity. When
      the work rate is constrained, the relative strain of the individual varies
      inversely with the physical work capacity. The frequency of musculoskeletal
      disorders has concurrently increased with the implementation of industrial
      mechanization. New, wise, ergonomic moves are needed to stop this development.

PMID- 3393857
TI  - Proceedings of the fourth Finnish-US joint symposium on occupational safety and
      health with Swedish participation. Turku, 31 May-2 June 1988.

PMID- 3393856
TI  - Mortality and cancer incidence among marine engineers and machinists in Iceland.
AB  - A retrospective cohort study of mortality and cancer morbidity was carried out
      among 295 marine engineers and 182 machinists with special regard to cancer of
      the lung. The cohort was defined as all graduates from engineering and machinists
      school in Iceland during 1936-1955. During vocational training, as well as in
      their professional lives, marine engineers and machinists are exposed to
      asbestos, different kinds of mineral oils, and exhaust gases with marked
      individual variation as regards mode and magnitude of exposure. For deaths
      occurring between 1951 and 1982 information was obtained from the Statistical
      Bureau of Iceland. Significantly increased standardized mortality ratios were
      determined for cancer of the trachea, bronchus, and lung for the entire cohort.
      Record linkage with the Cancer Register revealed 36 cancers in the period 1955
      1982. No statistically significant excess was found for the overall cancer
      incidence or for the incidence of cancer at any particular site. A special survey
      of smoking status showed that cigarette smoking was not as common among the
      subjects of the cohort as among the general male population in Reykjavik. These
      results support the suggestion that the increased mortality of lung cancer in the
      study group had a causal relationship to occupational exposure, particularly to
      asbestos exposure.

PMID- 3393860
TI  - Costs of accidents in the furniture industry--a Nordic study.

PMID- 3393859
TI  - Safety of automated guided vehicles. A case study in a storage area.

PMID- 3393861
TI  - The computer as an aid in the analysis of ergonomic and safety features of
      maintenance. Description of two graphic applications.

PMID- 3393862
TI  - Electromyographic studies of job rotation.

PMID- 3393863
TI  - Sentinel event notification system for occupational risks.
AB  - Mandates for provider reporting systems have existed in a number of states for
      many years, but due to various shortcomings the potential for targeted
      surveillance of occupational illness and injury has not been realized. To achieve
      a more uniform, active approach to provider reporting, SENSOR will be created as
      a cooperative state-federal effort designed to develop local capability for the
      recognition, reporting, follow-up, and prevention of selected occupational
      disorders. To demonstrate the feasibility of this approach, NIOSH funded a small
      number of SENSOR projects in 1987. Ultimately, joint state-federal support will
      be essential to maintain SENSOR activity within a state. SENSOR should not be
      viewed as the sole approach to the surveillance of occupational illness and
      injury. Other approaches to the identification of cases of occupational illness
      or injury and to monitoring the trends of occurrence of these disorders have been
      developed by NIOSH and various states, and they will continue to function.

PMID- 3393865
TI  - Farmers' occupational health program in Finland, 1979-1988. From research to
      practice.

PMID- 3393864
TI  - Implementation of ergonomics at the workplace.

PMID- 3393866
TI  - Successful accident prevention. An intervention study in the Nordic countries.

PMID- 3393867
TI  - Recent epidemiologic studies of occupational cancer in Finland.

PMID- 3393868
TI  - Identification of cancer risks from chemical exposures--an epidemiologic program
      at the Swedish National Institute of Occupational Health.

PMID- 3393869
TI  - The aging worker in a changing work environment.

PMID- 3393870
TI  - Age-related differences in job characteristics and in their relation to job
      satisfaction.

PMID- 3393871
TI  - Exposure to job stress--a new psychometric instrument.

PMID- 3393872
TI  - Development of a model for use in estimating exposure to ethylene oxide in a
      retrospective cohort mortality study.

PMID- 3393873
TI  - Development of an air sampling method based on the reactive properties of a
      contaminant.

PMID- 3393874
TI  - Evaluation of exposures during the welding or flame-cutting of painted steel.

PMID- 3393875
TI  - Reentry intervals after pesticide application in greenhouses.

PMID- 3393876
TI  - Computers and video filming as aids in reducing exposure to air pollution.

PMID- 3393878
TI  - Comparison between two power-frequency electric-field dosimeters.
AB  - Two instruments, an EFEM meter and a BE-log meter, have been tested on people
      working in switchyards for voltages between 70 kV and 400 kV. The results from
      the BE-log meter correlate well with the short circuit currents through people
      connected to the ground. The EFEM meter showed lower measured doses than the BE
      log meter, and the relation between the two instruments was around 0.6.

PMID- 3393877
TI  - Effect of engineering controls and work practices in reducing ethylene-oxide
      exposure during the sterilization of hospital supplies.

PMID- 3393880
TI  - Leading work-related diseases and injuries.

PMID- 3393879
TI  - Exposure to low-frequency electromagnetic fields--a health hazard?
AB  - Several epidemiologic studies indicate an association between exposure to low
      frequency electromagnetic fields and certain types of cancer. However, there is
      no solid evidence from current experimental studies to support the hypothesis of
      carcinogenicity. Further research is needed, and in the present extended abstract
      Swedish epidemiologic studies projected for the future are briefly outlined. The
      studies will be time-consuming and will involve high costs. However, we
      anticipate that within the next four years the approach described will contribute
      significantly to knowledge about the possible health hazards caused by
      electromagnetic fields.

PMID- 3393881
TI  - Automated methods in cytogenetic surveillance.

PMID- 3393882
TI  - Aromatic deoxyribonucleic acid adducts in white blood cells of foundry and coke
      oven workers.

PMID- 3393883
TI  - Macromolecular adduct formation by 4,4'-methylene-bis(2-chloroaniline) in adult
      male rat.

PMID- 3393884
TI  - Direct sampling of organic solvents in expired breath with a new solid sorbent
      sampling device.

PMID- 3393885
TI  - Identification and counting of fungal spores by scanning electron microscopy.

PMID- 3393887
TI  - Occupational health services in Finland--a national overview.

PMID- 3393886
TI  - Natural and adaptive immune reactions to inhaled microorganisms in the lungs of
      farmers.

PMID- 3393888
TI  - Quantitation of airborne endotoxin levels in various occupational environments.

PMID- 3393889
TI  - Laboratory animal allergies. Use of the radioallergosorbent test inhibition assay
      to monitor airborne allergen levels.

PMID- 3393890
TI  - Challenge test for sulfur dioxide--symptom and lung function measurements.

PMID- 3393891
TI  - Identification of contact allergens in colophony.

PMID- 3393892
TI  - Maximum acceptable work loads for repetitive lifting tasks. An experimental
      evaluation of psychophysical criteria.

PMID- 3393893
TI  - Physiological criteria for retirement age.

PMID- 3393894
TI  - Fatal occupational injuries in the United States in 1980-1984. Results of the
      first national census of traumatic occupational fatalities.

PMID- 3393896
TI  - Measurement methodology for the effects of accident prevention programs.

PMID- 3393897
TI  - Computer-aided evaluation of the safety aspects of materials handling.

PMID- 3393898
TI  - [Inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysm].
AB  - 348 cases of abdominal aortic aneurysm were reviewed for typical features of
      inflammatory aneurysm (IAAA) (marked thickening of aneurysm wall, retroperitoneal
      fibrosis and rigid adherence of adjacent structures). IAAA was present in 15
      cases (14 male, 1 female). When compared with patients who had ordinary
      aneurysms, significantly more patients complained of back or abdominal pain (p
      less than 0.01). Erythrocyte sedimentation rate was highly elevated. Diagnosis
      was established in 7 of 10 computed tomographies. 2 patients underwent emergency
      repair for ruptured aneurysm. Unilateral ureteral obstruction was present in 4
      cases and bilateral in 1. Repair of IAAA was performed by a modified technique.
      Histological examination revealed thickening of the aortic wall, mainly of the
      adventitial layer, infiltrated by plasma cells and lymphocytes. One 71-year-old
      patient operated on for rupture of IAAA died early, and another 78-year-old
      patient after 5 1/2 months. Control computed tomographies revealed spontaneous
      regression of inflammatory infiltration after repair. Equally, hydronephrosis due
      to ureteral obstruction could be shown to disappear or at least to decrease. IAAA
      can be diagnosed by computed tomography with high sensitivity. Repair involves
      low risk, but modification of technique is necessary. The etiology of IAAA
      remains unclear.

PMID- 3393895
TI  - Severe chemical accidents in Finland in 1978-1985.

PMID- 3393899
TI  - [Bronchoscopy].
AB  - Bronchoscopy, which in most situations is performed by flexible fiber endoscopy,
      has become an indispensable diagnostic tool for pneumologists. Besides inspection
      of the airways, it is possible to obtain secretions or tissue under direct visual
      control, by transbronchial needle aspiration or by transbronchial forceps biopsy
      under fluoroscopic guidance. Cells from the alveolar space can be sampled by
      broncho-alveolar lavage. Adequately processed material is diagnostic for a few
      diseases, but valuable hints may be obtained in differential diagnosis. Laser
      light (Nd-YAG), transmissible through flexible quartz fibers, is opening up new
      therapeutic dimensions in bronchoscopy.

PMID- 3393900
TI  - [Experiences of computed tomography in small animal neurology].

PMID- 3393902
TI  - [What is your diagnosis? What treatment do you suggest? Thyroid carcinoma].

PMID- 3393901
TI  - [Pleurisy secondary to chest injury in a mare].

PMID- 3393903
TI  - [What is your diagnosis? What treatment do you suggest? Uterine torsion].

PMID- 3393904
TI  - AIDS risk.

PMID- 3393905
TI  - Longevity and gender.

PMID- 3393906
TI  - IVF research moratorium to end?

PMID- 3393907
TI  - West Germany moving to make IVF research a crime.

PMID- 3393909
TI  - The biological tangle of drug addiction.

PMID- 3393908
TI  - Unbelievable results spark a controversy.

PMID- 3393910
TI  - Viroid-induced phosphorylation of a host protein related to a dsRNA-dependent
      protein kinase.
AB  - Viroids are very small, unencapsidated RNAs that replicate and induce severe
      disease in plants without encoding for any proteins. The mechanisms by which the
      viroid RNA regulates these events and interacts with host factors are unknown. An
      Mr 68,000 host-encoded protein has been identified that is differentially
      phosphorylated in extracts from viroid-infected and mock-inoculated tissues. This
      phosphoprotein is immunologically related to a double-stranded (ds) RNA-dependent
      protein kinase from virus-infected, interferon-treated human cells. Further,
      nucleotide photoaffinity labeling indicates that the protein has an ATP binding
      site. This protein is similar to dsRNA-dependent protein kinases implicated in
      mammalian systems in the regulation of protein synthesis and virus replication.

PMID- 3393911
TI  - Fish oils inhibit endothelial cell production of platelet-derived growth factor
      like protein.
AB  - Diets rich in fish and fish oils are associated with a reduced risk of
      cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis. The interaction of a commercial fish
      oil extract (MaxEPA) with vascular endothelial cells (ECs) was studied as a
      possible mechanism for this protective effect. MaxEPA almost completely inhibited
      EC production of platelet-derived growth factor-like protein (PDGFc) while other
      lipids had a lesser effect or no effect. Overall protein synthesis was not
      reduced, nor was the inhibition due to defective secretion or increased
      degradation of the growth factor. Antioxidants suppressed the inhibitory activity
      of MaxEPA indicating that free radical oxidative processes were required for the
      inhibition. These results suggest that fish oils may suppress intimal smooth
      muscle cell proliferation by decreasing the production of EC-derived paracrine
      growth factors. This inhibitory process represents a possible molecular mechanism
      for the antiatherosclerotic action of marine lipids.

PMID- 3393912
TI  - Large microtubule-associated protein of T. brucei has tandemly repeated, near
      identical sequences.
AB  - The parasitic protozoon Trypanosoma brucei contains a highly organized membrane
      skeleton, consisting of a dense array of parallel, singlet microtubules that are
      laterally interconnected and that are also in tight contact with the overlying
      cell membrane. A high molecular weight, heat-stable protein from this membrane
      skeleton was isolated that is localized along the microtubules. Protease
      digestion experiments and sequencing of a cloned gene segment showed that most of
      the protein is built up by more than 50 nearly identical tandem repeats with a
      periodicity of 38 amino acids.

PMID- 3393913
TI  - RH 5849, a nonsteroidal ecdysone agonist: effects on a Drosophila cell line.
AB  - The steroid molting hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone is the physiological inducer of
      molting and metamorphosis in insects. In ecdysone-sensitive Drosophila Kc cells,
      the insecticide RH 5849 (1,2-dibenzoyl-1-tert-butylhydrazine) mimics the action
      of 20-hydroxyecdysone by causing the formation of processes, an inhibition of
      cell proliferation, and induction of acetylcholinesterase. RH 5849 also competes
      with [3H]ponasterone A for high-affinity ecdysone receptor sites from Kc cell
      extracts. Resistant cell populations selected by growth in the continued presence
      of either RH 5849 or 20-hydroxyecdysone are insensitive to both compounds and
      exhibit a decreased titer of measurable ecdysone receptors. Although it is less
      potent than 20-hydroxyecdysone in both whole-cell and cell-free receptor assays,
      RH 5849 is the first nonsteroidal ecdysone agonist.

PMID- 3393914
TI  - Absence of a blood-brain barrier within transplanted brain tissue?

PMID- 3393915
TI  - Adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer: 20 years experience using CVFMP
      chemotherapy.
AB  - In late 1963, we embarked on a program that combined oral prednisone and oral
      cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) with intravenous (IV) vincristine, fluorouracil, and
      methotrexate (CVFMP). The initial 60 patients had an 80% response. Since then, a
      multitude of different combinations and variations in drug dosage and timing have
      been used. Basically, patient responses have improved from single-agent
      remissions of 15% to 30%, which lasted only 3 to 4 months to remissions now
      achieved in as many as 80% of patients which last for more than 1 year. We
      initiated a pilot study of adjuvant CVFMP therapy in 100 women who had four or
      more positive nodes at original mastectomy. Chemotherapy alone was used in 73
      patients, while 27 received radiotherapy and then chemotherapy. Chemotherapy
      consisted of oral doses of prednisone, 0.75 mg/kg/d, in three divided doses. This
      was reduced weekly by 50% and discontinued in the majority of patients.
      Cyclophosphamide, 2 mg/kg/d, was administered orally in two or three divided
      doses. Both methotrexate, 0.6 to 0.7 mg/kg, and 5-fluorouracil, 12 mg/kg, were
      administered IV once a week. Vincristine, at a dose of 25 micrograms/kg was
      administered IV once a week for 5 weeks or until significant neurologic defect
      was noted. Of the 73 patients who received only chemotherapy, 19 relapsed; 80% of
      those 73 patients were disease free at 14 years. Of the 27 patients who received
      radiotherapy before CVFMP, 23 relapsed; less than 10% were disease free at 13
      years.

PMID- 3393916
TI  - Chemotherapeutic strategies in the multidisciplinary treatment of head and neck
      cancer.
AB  - A role for chemotherapy in the multidisciplinary treatment of patients with
      advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) is yet to be
      defined. Results of uncontrolled studies indicate high response rates to
      induction chemotherapy and an association between a response to chemotherapy and
      either local-regional control or survival. Unfortunately, results of randomized,
      controlled trials have not confirmed an overall survival advantage with such
      treatment. From 1979 to the present, the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute has
      registered more than 224 patients on two trials of induction and adjuvant
      chemotherapy for patients with stage III to IV SCCHN. Protocol 80-016 (1979 to
      1983) evaluated two cycles of induction cisplatin, bleomycin, and
      methotrexate/leucovorin (PBM) before local regional treatment in 114 patients.
      Eighty-nine (78%) patients responded to PBM, with 30 (28%) patients achieving a
      complete response (CR). After surgery and/or radiotherapy (RT), 46 responders to
      induction PBM entered a trial of the randomly assigned additional adjuvant PBM.
      Protocol 83-084 (1983 to present) randomly assigned patients to receive up to
      four cycles of either induction PBM or cisplatin and infusion 5-fluorouracil
      before local treatment. Adjuvant chemotherapy was not used in the latter study.
      Updated results from both trials will be presented, with their implications for
      future phase II and III multidisciplinary studies. Optimal approaches to the
      treatment of patients with advanced SCCHN can include planned reductions in the
      extent of surgery or RT offered to selected patients with a good response to
      induction chemotherapy but may require adjuvant chemotherapy for patients at high
      risk for recurrent disease. Until the rate of CR to induction chemotherapy is
      reproducibly over 50%, documentation of an improved overall survival with
      multidisciplinary treatment may be difficult.

PMID- 3393917
TI  - Neonatal adaptation: the transition to postnatal life.

PMID- 3393918
TI  - Review of cancer among 4 religious sects: evidence that life-styles are
      distinctive sets of risk factors.
AB  - The occurrence of various types of cancer have been reviewed and evaluated in 4
      religious groups. These patterns have been critically assessed in light of the
      distinctive life-style features of these groups. All 4 religious groups
      considered in this paper have reduced overall rates of cancer, suggesting that
      the life-styles of all 4 groups have merit in terms of reducing the overall risk
      of cancer. The rate of smoking among these groups is nearly nil, and the lung
      cancer rate in all 4 of these religious groups is strikingly low. Cancer of the
      oral structures, pharynx, larynx, and esophagus is also generally quite low.
      Amish and Hutterites have unusually high rates of breast cancer and juvenile
      leukemia. Reproductive factors frequently mentioned as risk factors for breast
      cancer cannot explain the excess breast cancer in the Amish and Hutterite women
      because they should have had the effect of reducing the rate. None of the
      numerous risk factors, normally suggested for leukemia, are consistent with this
      observation. The observations on ovarian cancer tend to confirm low parity and
      late age at first birth as risk factors, although the evidence is not entirely
      consistent. Also, contrary to common observations, the pattern of ovarian cancer
      contrasts greatly with the breast cancer pattern, suggesting dissimilar risk
      factors. Their low rate of cervical cancer is consistent with promiscuity being a
      strong risk factor, but other frequently suggested risk factors were generally
      inconsistent with the observations. Cancers of the stomach, colon, rectum,
      urinary bladder and prostate, in these 4 religious groups, are not readily
      explained by the risk factors commonly implicated in cancer of these sites. The
      patterns of a few types of cancers were consistent with the prevailing opinions
      of risk factors, but some cancers were poorly explained and, in some cases, the
      cancer patterns contradicted commonly held opinions concerning risk factors.
      Religions that provide strong directives for the personal lives of adherents
      result in distinctive life-style, reflecting multiple disease related factors
      (risk factors and protective factors). Disease related factors are related to
      each other in simple or more complex ways (e.g. additive, multiplicative or even
      more complex). Therefore, when dealing with distinctive life-styles, it may be
      unwarranted to attempt to isolate individual risk factors.

PMID- 3393919
TI  - Sex differences in factors affecting the daily variation of blood pressure.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to examine whether the life experiences described
      by postural, situational, and emotional changes during the day have similar
      effects on the blood pressure of men and women. The subjects of the study were
      137 men and 67 women from the clinical population of the Hypertension Center at
      The New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center. There were 3023 individual pressure
      measurements available for study, 2072 from the men, and 951 from the women,
      which were taken using noninvasive ambulatory blood pressure monitoring
      techniques. Pressures were transformed to z-scores using the subject's daily mean
      pressure and standard deviation to assess the relative elevation during the
      various effects. Separate but identical ANOVA models were run for each sex. The
      results show that there were differences between men and women in the parameters
      associated with the level of systolic and diastolic pressure. Men's systolic
      pressure varied by situation of measurement (P less than 0.0001) and emotional
      state (P less than 0.0001), while that of women varied by posture (P less than
      0.0005) and situation of measurement (P less than 0.0001). The diastolic pressure
      of men varied by emotional state as did that of women, except that men's
      diastolic pressure tended to be highest during reported anger while that of women
      tended to be highest during reported anxiety. Differences in occupation or
      environment, hormones, or in behavioral patterns related to the socialization
      process may all contribute to the differences between the sexes.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3393921
TI  - Audiology training in Nigeria--I: A training model.
AB  - The purpose of this paper was to develop a model for preparing professional
      audiology personnel in a developing country (Nigeria). Professional audiologists
      in Nigeria are expected to provide basic and advanced audiologic services in
      hospitals, special schools for the hearing-impaired and to develop, conduct or
      supervise hearing conservation programs in regular school settings, industries as
      well as local government health centers. The competencies expected of students
      upon completing their professional programs are presented in the form of
      'training modules' vis-a-vis basic science, medical educational, hearing
      conservation, aural rehabilitation and clinical practicum. Training implications
      of the modules are discussed with regards to the promise they hold for the
      preparation of audiology personnel particularly in developing countries.

PMID- 3393920
TI  - Youth unemployment and ill health: results from a 2-year follow-up study.
AB  - A prospective study was started in 1981, including all 1083 pupils in the last
      year of compulsory school in a municipality in the northern part of Sweden. All
      pupils were followed up after 2 years. They were investigated with a
      comprehensive self-administered questionnaire as well as studies of records and
      interviews with teachers and school nurses. The total non-participation rate in
      the study was less than 1%. The main results of the study are the following:
      unemployment leads to increased psychosomatic and psychological symptoms,
      decreased social activities in clubs, increased abuse of alcohol and narcotics
      and increased utilization of health care services. The effects of unemployment
      are somewhat different among girls and among boys. Girls are more exposed to
      unemployment and unemployment also leads to more negative effects among them.
      Hidden unemployment has the same effects as unemployment but the effects are less
      pronounced.

PMID- 3393922
TI  - Audiology training in Nigeria--II: A cost-effective approach to training
      programs.
AB  - The purpose of this article is to provide some ways and means so that an
      audiology training program can be implemented in a developing country (Nigeria).
      Specific problems facing students, faculty and the training process itself are
      examined. Suggestions are provided to reduce these problems. In addition to
      mobilization of local resources, it is suggested that international cooperation
      be sought in the development, establishment and implementation of audiology
      training programs in developing countries. While the present approach may not be
      unique, it may provide some cost-effective means for meeting the shortage of
      hearing health care professionals in many developing countries.

PMID- 3393923
TI  - Foreign medical graduates in New Zealand 1973-79: a test of the 'exacerbation
      hypothesis'.
AB  - In most developed countries the immigration of foreign trained doctors has been
      encouraged as a stopgap measure to fill domestic medical manpower requirements.
      However, such policies have resulted in considerable debate particularly over
      whether the influx of foreign doctors has exacerbated or reduced both the
      geographic and specialty maldistribution of medical resources in the host
      countries. Data for New Zealand between 1973 and 79 reveals little support for
      the 'exacerbation hypothesis'. Instead, the impact of medical immigration seems
      to have been largely redistributive, with foreign trained doctors increasingly
      entering primary care and locating in areas avoided by indigenous medical
      graduates. However, the results suggest that such trends are conditional upon the
      overall supply of doctors and therefore future research should concentrate upon
      the nature and magnitude of the constraints exerted by this contextual effect.

PMID- 3393924
TI  - Longhouse dwelling, social contact and the prevalence of leprosy and tuberculosis
      among native tribes of Sarawak.
AB  - In Sarawak, some tribes stay in communal longhouses whilst others live in
      villages of single dwellings. The present study looks into the question of
      whether there is an association between the prevalence of leprosy and
      tuberculosis with the quantum of social contact that occurs in these two types of
      settlement patterns. It was found that the prevalence of leprosy and tuberculosis
      is significantly higher among longhouse dwellers compared with single house
      dwellers. It was also noted that social groups tended to be larger and to persist
      for much longer among longhouse dwellers than among those in single dwellings.
      This lends support to the evidence that social contact in longhouses is more
      extensive and contributes towards a higher prevalence of leprosy and
      tuberculosis.

PMID- 3393925
TI  - Health in the early contact period: a contemporary example from Papua New Guinea.
AB  - In 1984 a rare opportunity arose to document the effects of contact on a
      previously isolated population in Papua New Guinea. The Hagahai, a small group of
      hunter-horticulturalists, remained hidden from government and mission influence
      until the early 1980s. Prior to that time, indirect contact through trade with
      neighboring peoples facilitated the entry of introduced infectious diseases. In
      late 1983 the Hagahai sought medical aid at a mission station, an event which
      accelerated their contact with the common epidemic diseases of the highlands. A
      wide variety of genetic, linguistic, ethnographic and medical data have been
      collected which document the historical sequence of events contributing to the
      current rapid demographic decline among the Hagahai. Serological evidence
      demonstrates the endemicity of Bancroftian filariasis, malaria, C. diphtheriae,
      cytomegalovirus, HTLV-1, the Ross River arbovirus and several viruses associated
      with the common cold. Recent epidemics include mumps, influenza A, and hepatitis
      B. They have not yet been affected by TB or measles, among others. Infanticide
      contributes to an estimated infant mortality rate of 568/1000. With a crude birth
      rate of 38 and a crude mortality rate of 51, the Hagahai appear to be dying out.
      The provision of adequate health care to these people is extremely problematic
      and beyond the capacity of the existing system.

PMID- 3393926
TI  - The taxonomy of social support: an ethnographic analysis among adolescent
      mothers.
AB  - Current approaches to assessing the health-related functions of social support
      are based on a theoretical frame of reference regarding the taxonomic structure
      of social networks. Nearly all previous work addresses the issue of social
      network taxonomies from an etic (i.e. objective, outside) rather than emic (i.e.
      subjective) perspective. Because of this, we intensively studied 5 unmarried
      adolescent mothers over the year following the delivery of their firstborn
      infants, utilizing ethnographic methods to elicit detailed portrayals of their
      personal, subjective taxonomies of social network support. Ranked in order of
      successful adaptation to parenthood, the young women with the best outcomes
      displayed a richer, more differentiated view of their social networks' taxonomic
      structure and regarded individual network members as more diverse in their
      capacity to provide broad, multi-faceted support. A common element among all
      subjects was the tendency to discriminate among categories of network members
      according to the stability and continuity perceived in individual relationships.

PMID- 3393927
TI  - The role of organizations in community participation--prevention of accidental
      injuries in a rural Swedish municipality.
AB  - Accidental injuries are a major public health problem in most of the
      industrialized world. It is no longer justifiable to accept accidents as
      unfortunate but unavoidable occurrences. Their prevention is important and
      appears increasingly possible. The health care sector is uniquely knowledgeable
      about health hazards and must be more involved in social planning. An
      intervention programme towards the prevention of accidental injuries based on
      local epidemiological data has since 1980 been conducted in a geographically
      defined population in Skaraborg County in western Sweden. This article describes
      a community intervention approach. The programme has been implemented in a local
      community with the application of a community oriented and organization oriented
      perspective. This has above all constituted a starting point for initiating the
      programme. The programme includes as well active as passive strategies and
      consists of information, education, supervision and changes in the physical
      environment. Intersectorial cooperation and community involvement are emphasized.

PMID- 3393928
TI  - The doctor-patient relationship during medical internship: the evolution of
      dissatisfaction.
AB  - We prospectively examined perceptions of the doctor-patient relationship among
      interns in two different internal medicine training programs five times during
      the internship year. All 59 interns in the University of California, Irvine-Long
      Beach and the Oregon Health Sciences University Medical Programs participated in
      the study during the 1982-83 internship year. We serially administered a
      questionnaire that contained four major items: (1) a choice of one of six
      empirically developed role paradigms of the doctor-patient relationship; (2) a
      checklist of positive and negative aspects of internship; (3) a measure of level
      of satisfaction with the decision to become a physician; and (4) a rating list of
      mood descriptors. The six role paradigms portrayed a variety of positive and
      negative aspects of the doctor-patient relationship. At the beginning of the
      year, the interns were quite positive about the doctor-patient relationship and
      preferentially endorsed collegial models. As the year progressed, they endorsed
      significantly fewer positive and more negative models (P less than 0.001). Most
      respondents endorsed two models, one positive: "expert resource (doctor)--active
      cooperative participant (patient)" and one negative: "clerk, paperwork processor
      (doctor)--subscriber, seeker of eligibility (patient)." By the end of the year
      approximately half of the interns endorsed a positive and half a negative model.
      Interns selecting a negative model of the doctor-patient relationship identified
      more negative and fewer positive aspects of internship than those selecting a
      positive model. Specifically, they significantly more often (P less than 0.001)
      identified too much paper work and coping with difficult patients as negative
      aspects of internship.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3393929
TI  - Nurses' autonomy and job satisfaction.
AB  - Nurses' autonomy is structurally limited by physicians' close supervision and
      control. A prolonged physicians' strike in Israel in 1983 created a special
      situation where for 3 months nurses had to provide primary health care services
      without physicians. This study, undertaken at the end of the strike, focuses on
      nurses' comparative perceptions of autonomy and job satisfaction with relation to
      role performance during the strike and in usual work conditions. Data were
      collected by means of a self-administered questionnaire. Sixty one percent (n =
      1144) of the primary health care nurses in Israel responded. The strike situation
      increased the normal work load of the nurses, but it also gave many nurses the
      opportunity to initiate and carry out special programs in their clinics and
      communities. The majority of nurses report that in general they are satisfied
      with their work and perceive it as autonomous. The increase in routine as well as
      self-initiated activities was found to be positively but weakly correlated with
      an increase in job satisfaction and in the perception of role autonomy during the
      strike. These findings suggest that even after, or perhaps because of, being
      exposed to a significant change in contextual autonomy (working without
      physicians for a prolonged period of time) most Israeli primary care nurses do
      not appear to desire increased autonomy in the work place.

PMID- 3393930
TI  - Child morbidity in the Kingston metropolitan area, Jamaica 1983.
AB  - The case reports of all children admitted to public and private hospitals in the
      Kingston metropolitan area were examined for an analysis, by special areas, of
      spatial variations in child morbidity. A Poisson probability test was applied in
      order to determine areas of significant excesses in admission rates and three
      special areas selected for a child health survey. At the 0.025 significance level
      20 of the 72 special areas had significantly higher and three significantly lower
      levels of admission. The survey confirmed the pattern revealed by hospital
      admissions and suggested that the children of young, unemployed and single women
      may be particularly vulnerable.

PMID- 3393931
TI  - Warm bodies, cool milk: conflicts in post partum food choice for Indochinese
      women in California.
AB  - The Federal Special Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants and Children
      provides nutritious foods and dietary counselling to low income women and
      children with a medically certified nutritional risk. The Public Health
      Foundation, a large WIC agency in Los Angeles, observed declining breastfeeding
      rates among Indochinese participants. We interviewed 110 Cambodian, ethnic
      Chinese and Vietnamese WIC participants about their infant feeding decisions and
      experience. These women believed that formula was superior to breastmilk for a
      number of reasons, some related to the Asian humoral medical system. The women
      described 'excessive cooling' during childbirth that they hoped to counter
      balance by consuming humorally hot foods for 100 days post partum. A hot maternal
      diet was thought to produce unhealthy breastmilk after 1 month, so the women
      preferred using infant formula, perceived to be stable and more nourishing than
      breastmilk. The WIC Program is using these and other findings to make
      breastfeeding more attractive to Southeast Asians.

PMID- 3393933
TI  - Mutumwa Nchimi healers and wizardry beliefs in Zambia.
AB  - Mutumwa Nchimi practitioners in Zambia today are neotraditional healers who
      specialize in the diagnosis and curing of illnesses and misfortunes allegedly
      caused by wizardry (buloshi). Nchimi means 'witch-diviner' and Mutumwa means
      'sent (by God)'. Their witch-divining practices are thus placed within the new
      biblical religious framework. Mutumwa Nchimi healers are contemporary African
      psychiatrists and psychotherapists who fully accept and work within the framework
      of the wizardry paradigm as the explanatory mechanism for a whole range of
      problems and illnesses experienced by a large number of Zambia's urban dwellers.
      Their success in attracting patients bears witness to the extent to which
      wizardry still persists as a paradigm for evil. The research data used is
      comprised of 143 complete tape-recorded cases of Mutumwa Nchimi diagnoses in
      addition to 1233 summaries of book-recorded cases. Buloshi is mentioned as the
      cause of illness and misfortune in 58% of the tape-recorded cases and in 55.9% of
      the book-recorded cases. Wizardry is perceived by Mutumwa Nchimi healers to
      relate to two dimensions which refer to the activity of witchcraft and of sorcery
      respectively. The former relates to witch spirits and fibanda ghosts; the latter
      relates to the use of bwanga magical charms. In addition to the need for prayer
      and reconciliation, psychotherapy requires the cleansing of one's body and of
      one's house from buloshi attack. The two dimensions of witchcraft and of sorcery,
      though distinct, are seen to be essentially related to one another. The dreams of
      patients, in which unconscious pressures come to the surface, are perceived to
      confirm the existence and reality of wizardry assault. Wizardry beliefs are
      placed firmly within the context of social relationships and social change in
      Zambia and psychosocial analysis is at the centre of the diagnostic process.
      Wizardry beliefs are seen by Mutumwa Nchimi healers to reflect the problems faced
      by urban dwellers in particular who, on the one hand, find themselves afflicted
      by feelings of shame or guilt with respect to failure to observe traditional
      morality and, on the other hand, by an awareness of suspected rival forces in the
      competitive urban environment.

PMID- 3393932
TI  - Content of care by independent midwives: assistance with pain in labor and birth.
AB  - The proliferation of alternative health care systems in the United States raises
      numerous policy issues involving (1) those providing and receiving alternative
      services and (2) the established medical care system. This paper identifies some
      of these issues by examining an alternative system of independent (lay) midwifery
      and, in particular, midwifery approaches to pain during uncomplicated labor and
      birth. The paper summarizes medical care system approaches to pain in labor and
      birth: leading textbooks, prevailing topics in the journal literature, and
      empirical research reports are consistent in giving primary emphasis to analgesic
      and anesthetic drugs, accepting childbirth preparation, and questioning the
      efficacy of other approaches. The practices of independent midwives working in
      metropolitan areas of Utah are strikingly different. The midwives, who oppose any
      use of conventional obstetric pain medications, have a diverse repertoire of
      alternative approaches, including prenatal preparation, various physical
      manipulations, hydrotherapy, administration of herbs and nutritive substances,
      breathing and relaxation techniques, and psychological techniques. The midwives
      emphasize responsiveness to the needs of a particular woman at a particular time.
      They enhance and mobilize the resources of the mother and her support network for
      therapeutic ends. Their work emphasizes innovation and exploration. Relative to
      medical practices, midwifery practices seem to involve low iatrogenic risks, to
      be cost-effective, and to be appreciated by those seeking empowerment and minimal
      intervention in childbirth. It is recommended that these practices be formally
      evaluated for safety, efficacy, consumer acceptability, cost-effectiveness, and
      their potential for favorable impact on the practice of medical obstetrics.

PMID- 3393934
TI  - Beeper medicine.

PMID- 3393935
TI  - Religion in healing.

PMID- 3393936
TI  - Adult burn patients: the role of religion in recovery.
AB  - Patients who have had a severe physical injury, such as a burn, show wide
      variations in their abilities to cope with the stress of hospitalization and
      recovery. Clinical experience has consistently shown that some of these patients
      have remarkable emotional resilience, while others are more seriously affected.
      Many researchers have attempted to understand these variations in hope of finding
      ways to enhance the recovery process and to improve long-term outcome. Previous
      research shows that when burn patients are given the opportunity to talk about
      what helps them cope, they frequently credit their religious faith or God. We
      emphasize the importance of understanding the relationship between patients'
      religious beliefs and their ability to deal with the stress of a traumatic
      injury.

PMID- 3393938
TI  - Alprazolam dependency: use of clonazepam for withdrawal.
AB  - Ten alprazolam-dependent patients were studied with clinical and biologic
      variables after equal doses of clonazepam were substituted for alprazolam.
      Withdrawal was accomplished over a seven-day period. Anxiety and plasma cortisol
      levels were measured and found not to be significantly different between the
      withdrawal period and the postwithdrawal medication-free period.

PMID- 3393937
TI  - Positive therapeutic effects of intercessory prayer in a coronary care unit
      population.
AB  - The therapeutic effects of intercessory prayer (IP) to the Judeo-Christian God,
      one of the oldest forms of therapy, has had little attention in the medical
      literature. To evaluate the effects of IP in a coronary care unit (CCU)
      population, a prospective randomized double-blind protocol was followed. Over ten
      months, 393 patients admitted to the CCU were randomized, after signing informed
      consent, to an intercessory prayer group (192 patients) or to a control group
      (201 patients). While hospitalized, the first group received IP by participating
      Christians praying outside the hospital; the control group did not. At entry, chi
      square and stepwise logistic analysis revealed no statistical difference between
      the groups. After entry, all patients had follow-up for the remainder of the
      admission. The IP group subsequently had a significantly lower severity score
      based on the hospital course after entry (P less than .01). Multivariant analysis
      separated the groups on the basis of the outcome variables (P less than .0001).
      The control patients required ventilatory assistance, antibiotics, and diuretics
      more frequently than patients in the IP group. These data suggest that
      intercessory prayer to the Judeo-Christian God has a beneficial therapeutic
      effect in patients admitted to a CCU.

PMID- 3393939
TI  - Abnormal urine color: differential diagnosis.
AB  - An unusual urine color can occasionally be alarming to patient or physician.
      Abnormal urine color may indicate a range of normal or pathologic conditions.
      Variables that affect urine color include concentration, pH, ingested substances,
      and various metabolic abnormalities. Most causes can be determined by a careful
      history focusing on medications, foods, occupation, and family history. A few
      simple laboratory tests can confirm the diagnosis or narrow the list of possible
      causes. The evaluation should start with gross examination of the urine. Each
      abnormal color has a fairly limited differential diagnosis, which can be further
      narrowed by determining specific gravity and pH, and performing dipstick and
      microscopic examinations. The differential diagnosis can be narrowed further with
      ferric chloride or an ultraviolet (UV) light source. Rarely, more specific tests
      are useful. We present an algorithm that may be of benefit in the logical,
      inexpensive, and efficient evaluation of abnormal urine color.

PMID- 3393940
TI  - Altered sensorium, confusion, and vertical gaze paresis: the top of the basilar
      syndrome.
AB  - The term "top of the basilar" has been used in reference to a group of signs and
      symptoms of midbrain, diencephalic, and posteroinferior hemispheric dysfunction.
      It has been attributed to ischemia in the territory of second- and third-order
      vessels that arise from the uppermost portion of the basilar artery. We report
      our experience with four patients who had alteration of consciousness, confusion,
      and vertical gaze paresis accompanied by other physical abnormalities. Extensive
      evaluation did not help in documenting the lesions or in understanding their
      pathogenesis. The top of the basilar syndrome is a not uncommon form of stroke
      and carries a variable prognosis. Treatment by anticoagulation may prevent
      further infarction in selected patients who are seen early.

PMID- 3393941
TI  - Benign Mucor colonization (fungus ball) associated with chronic sinusitis.
AB  - Mucormycosis of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses is an aggressive, life
      threatening condition characterized by fulminant destruction of soft tissues and
      bone, vascular invasion, and thrombosis. Patients who have this infection
      generally are immunosuppressed or diabetic. The most effective treatment is
      immediate surgical debridement of all involved tissue, along with systemic
      antifungal agents. We identified four patients with chronic sinusitis in whom
      Mucor organisms were histologically confirmed within the sinus contents but not
      in the sinus mucosa. All four were successfully treated with conservative
      debridement. Our dilemma was determining appropriate treatment for this
      apparently less aggressive condition. We conclude that conservative debridement
      is the treatment of choice in the absence of tissue invasion, and that systemic
      antifungal therapy is probably unnecessary.

PMID- 3393942
TI  - Gonococcal infections in women attending the Venereal Disease Clinic of the
      Nashville Davidson County Metropolitan Health Department, 1984.
AB  - During the first six months of 1984, slightly more than a third (34.1%) of the
      1,549 women who attended the Venereal Disease Clinic of the Nashville Davidson
      County Health Department in this study were found to be infected with Neisseria
      gonorrhoeae. Infection prevalence was 36.7% for black women and 27.1% for white.
      The frequency of sexual intercourse and the number of sexual partners during the
      previous 30 days were similar for black and white patients. Fewer women were
      using contraceptives (67.8%) than in 1979 (87%). Exceptionally high rates of
      infection were found in women whose sexual partners had gonorrhea. Even with
      similar levels of sexual activity, black women faced greater risk of infection
      than white women, possibly because they were much more likely to be exposed to an
      infected man.

PMID- 3393943
TI  - Multiple myeloma: infectious complications.
AB  - We review a ten-year experience in treating 60 patients with multiple myeloma.
      Infectious episodes occurred in 33 patients. Urinary tract infections caused by
      gram-negative organisms were the most frequent infections, and most of these were
      the result of catheterization. Pneumonia due to Streptococcus pneumoniae was
      encountered infrequently. This series confirms the emergence of gram-negative
      bacilli as the predominant pathogens in patients with multiple myeloma, and
      emphasizes the risk of instrumentation in these patients.

PMID- 3393944
TI  - Insufficiency fractures of the femoral neck in association with chronic renal
      failure.
AB  - The femoral neck is a relatively uncommon location for stress fractures. As with
      other stress fractures, those occurring in the femoral neck can be divided into
      fatigue and insufficiency fractures. Chronic renal failure (CRF) is an underlying
      condition that can predispose patients to insufficiency fractures of the femoral
      neck. We report 12 such fractures occurring in eight patients with CRF; half had
      bilateral fractures. In addition, 50% of the fractures were of the tensile
      (transverse) type, which may progress to complete fracture.

PMID- 3393945
TI  - Distal tuboplasty: is it appropriate?
AB  - We retrospectively analyzed the results of distal tuboplasty (fimbrioplasty,
      salpingostomy, and salpingoneostomy) in 64 patients who had 70 operations from
      1974 to 1984. The postoperative pregnancy rate was 19%, and the ectopic pregnancy
      rate 21%. It is difficult to compare results obtained in this study with those
      reported in previous studies. The average term pregnancy rate for those studies
      was 21%, with an ectopic pregnancy rate of 5.7%. The appropriateness of distal
      tuboplasty has been questioned because of the low rate of success of the
      procedure and the increasing rate of success of in vitro fertilization (IVF).
      Because of the current economic burden and technical difficulties associated with
      IVF, distal tuboplasty appears to remain an appropriate operation.

PMID- 3393946
TI  - Sine qua nons for the compleat physician.

PMID- 3393947
TI  - Acupuncture today.

PMID- 3393948
TI  - Current management of the poisoned patient.
AB  - Management of the poisoned patient is a common and difficult problem for many
      practitioners. I present a clinical approach to the management of these patients,
      with emphasis on recent advances and controversies. Efficacy of gastric emptying,
      activated charcoal, manipulation of urinary pH, and indications for dialysis are
      discussed. Poisonings for which specific antidotes are available are reviewed.

PMID- 3393949
TI  - Improving and sustaining outpatient cancer screening by medicine residents.
AB  - The sustained effectiveness in improving resident performance of breast,
      cervical, and colorectal cancer screening examinations in the medicine outpatient
      department (OPD) was studied. Residents were divided into two groups: an
      intervention group, which received lectures presenting cancer screening rationale
      and recommendations, followed by chart reminders for three months, and a control
      group with no intervention. Charts were reviewed for cancer screening performance
      before, and one and six months after the intervention. Results showed increased
      performance of Pap smears (50% vs 22%, P less than .04 at one month and 46% vs
      23%, P less than .08 at six months) and rectal examinations (73% vs 58%, P less
      than 0.2 at six months) by the intervention group. There was no improvement in
      breast examination performance over baseline (39%). Other screening examinations
      were rarely done. Future outpatient practice will include preventive health care,
      and greater emphasis must be devoted to increasing and sustaining residents'
      cancer screening performance to improve these results.

PMID- 3393950
TI  - Pancreatic pseudocyst with splenic involvement: an uncommon complication of
      pancreatitis.
AB  - We have presented a case of chronic pancreatitis with pseudocyst involvement of
      the spleen complicated by splenic rupture. This complication is uncommon, only 19
      cases having been reported. As illustrated by our case, there is a high risk of
      hemorrhage from a pseudocyst involving the spleen and pancreas. Immediate
      surgical intervention is therefore indicated. The treatment of choice is
      resection by splenectomy and distal pancreatectomy.

PMID- 3393951
TI  - Tamponade due to hemopericardium after streptokinase therapy for pulmonary
      embolism.
AB  - A 67-year-old man was given intravenous heparin and then streptokinase for an
      acute severe pulmonary embolism. The next day a large pericardial effusion
      developed, with tamponade. Aspiration of blood (500 ml) from the pericardial sac
      produced prompt relief. The possibility of hemopericardium causing tamponade
      should be considered on unexplained worsening of cardiac status in a patient who
      has recently received streptokinase for pulmonary embolism or myocardial
      infarction.

PMID- 3393952
TI  - Meningoencephalitis as a major manifestation of Rocky Mountain spotted fever.
AB  - Although our two patients had very different courses, both illustrate the gravity
      of rickettsial meningoencephalitis. The presence of neurologic signs and symptoms
      is ominous and should be recognized as a possible manifestation of Rocky Mountain
      spotted fever. A high index of suspicion for RMSF needs to be maintained in
      patients with an acute febrile illness, especially in endemic areas, even during
      periods other than "tick season," and in patients without a rash.

PMID- 3393953
TI  - Unusual cause of gastric outlet obstruction: CT findings in Bouveret's syndrome.
AB  - We have described an 81-year-old woman with symptoms of gastric outlet
      obstruction in whom upper gastrointestinal endoscopy showed an extrinsic mass
      compressing the superior aspect of the postbulbar duodenum. This was confirmed by
      an upper gastrointestinal series, and CT revealed migration of a known,
      previously asymptomatic gallstone through the duodenal wall, forming a
      cholecystoduodenal fistula.

PMID- 3393954
TI  - Spinal osteoblastoma in an 11-year-old boy.
AB  - An 11-year-old boy with pain in the right sacroiliac region was treated
      conservatively for six months. During this time, decreased pinprick sensation in
      the right thigh, shortening of the right leg, and scoliosis developed. Multiple
      plain films of the spine had shown no abnormality. A bone scan revealed an
      abnormality in the lumbar spine, and CT showed a destructive lesion. An
      osteoblastoma was completely resected and the child has remained well for four
      years.

PMID- 3393955
TI  - Uterine hemangioma associated with infertility.
AB  - An infertile woman with an enlarged uterus was thought to have leiomyoma. At
      laparotomy two large, vascular uterine tumors were removed; the remainder of the
      uterus was preserved. Evaluation of histologic sections with antibody to human
      factor VIII and electron microscopy were necessary to confirm the diagnosis of
      hemangioma.

PMID- 3393956
TI  - Herpes zoster causing acute urinary retention.

PMID- 3393957
TI  - Prevention of postoperative thrombophlebitis.

PMID- 3393959
TI  - Severe cervical stenosis with the twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome.
AB  - The twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome and severe cervical stenosis are two
      unusual complications of pregnancy. I have presented a case in which both
      complications were additive in their adverse effects on the pregnancy.

PMID- 3393958
TI  - Delusions of parasitosis.
AB  - I have presented a case of delusion of parasitosis, a relatively uncommon
      psychiatric condition, which was successfully treated with haloperidol.

PMID- 3393960
TI  - Tell-tale diaper rash in Kawasaki syndrome.
AB  - We have presented three patients in whom a striking desquamating perineal rash
      developed within the first five days of a febrile illness. Such a rash should
      raise the suspicion for Kawasaki syndrome even when all criteria are not present.

PMID- 3393962
TI  - Sudden death associated with anomalous origin of left coronary artery.

PMID- 3393961
TI  - Curvularia infection complicating peritoneal dialysis.

PMID- 3393963
TI  - [Angiography in the diagnosis of blunt abdominal injuries].

PMID- 3393964
TI  - [Closed injuries of the head and epidural hematomas].

PMID- 3393965
TI  - [Acromioclavicular disjunction. I. Diagnosis and classification].

PMID- 3393966
TI  - [Acromioclavicular disjunction. II. Surgical treatment, our modification].

PMID- 3393967
TI  - [Antimicrobial prophylaxis and therapy of septic complications in multiple
      injuries].

PMID- 3393968
TI  - [Laterality in brain injuries].

PMID- 3393969
TI  - [Proximal epiphysiolysis of the tibia--report of an injury in a 16-year-old boy].

PMID- 3393970
TI  - [Therapeutic results in proximal epiphysiolysis of the radius].

PMID- 3393971
TI  - Mucoceles of the paranasal sinuses.

PMID- 3393972
TI  - Presinusoidal portal hypertension at Baragwanath Hospital.

PMID- 3393973
TI  - Popliteal fossa injuries.

PMID- 3393974
TI  - Serum gastrin response to parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism.

PMID- 3393975
TI  - Breast cancer in black South Africans.

PMID- 3393976
TI  - Button colopexy for colostomy prolapse.

PMID- 3393977
TI  - Postoperative cholecystitis with gangrenous bowel. A case report.

PMID- 3393978
TI  - Traumatic hemipelvectomy. A case report.

PMID- 3393979
TI  - 5-year results with HDR afterloading in cervix cancer: dependence on
      fractionation and dose.

PMID- 3393980
TI  - 5-year results and complications of treatment of carcinoma of the cervix using
      the Cathetron in rural India.

PMID- 3393981
TI  - Analysis of late effects after HDR afterloading therapy of cervix carcinoma with
      the GammaMed II.

PMID- 3393982
TI  - Clinical investigations and fractionation schemes in the treatment of cervix
      carcinoma with HDR afterloading at the Centre of Oncology in Gliwice.

PMID- 3393983
TI  - Problems and results of remote controlled afterloading therapy with high dose
      rate 252Cf in uterine cancer.

PMID- 3393985
TI  - Afterloading radiation treatment of cervical cancer at the Gynaecologic
      Department RSPAD Gatot Soebroto Hospital, Jakarta-Indonesia.

PMID- 3393984
TI  - Three-year experiences of 137Cs afterloading application.

PMID- 3393986
TI  - High dose rate afterloading in the treatment of cervical cancer.

PMID- 3393988
TI  - Observation of the short-time effect of afterloading therapy on cervical cancer.

PMID- 3393987
TI  - A preliminary report on intracavitary irradiation of cervical carcinoma: 40 cases
      by afterloading technique.

PMID- 3393989
TI  - Preliminary experience with a HDR device (Gammamed II-i) in the therapy of
      uterine neoplasms.

PMID- 3393990
TI  - Problems of dosage and fractionation in 192iridium-afterloading radiotherapy in
      gynaecological cancer.

PMID- 3393993
TI  - Experiences with HDR afterloading in endometrium cancer and results.

PMID- 3393991
TI  - The treatment of carcinoma of the cervix and poor-risk endometrial carcinoma
      using the Cathetron at the Middlesex Hospital: experience since 1979.

PMID- 3393992
TI  - Long-time results of HDR afterloading in comparison with radium therapy in
      endometrium cancer in Wurzburg.

PMID- 3393994
TI  - Radiobiology of changes in dose-rate.

PMID- 3393995
TI  - Use of Buchler afterloading machine for carcinoma of the uterus at the
      Hammersmith Hospital--clinical aspects.

PMID- 3393996
TI  - Comparison between preoperative subsidiary cesium and radium therapy in
      endometrial adenocarcinoma.

PMID- 3393997
TI  - Control of applicator position by hysterography in HDR afterloading therapy of
      endometrium cancer.

PMID- 3393998
TI  - Dosimetry of interstitial HDR afterloading therapy.

PMID- 3393999
TI  - Treatment of rectal carcinoma with afterloading Buchler HDR device: a new
      clinical trial.

PMID- 3394000
TI  - Primary HDR afterloading brachytherapy of inoperable rectal cancer.

PMID- 3394001
TI  - Effects of fractionation and dose-rate.

PMID- 3394002
TI  - Effect control of HDR afterloading radiation in uterine cancer by NMR imaging
      with and without GD-DTPA.

PMID- 3394004
TI  - Optimization of intracavitary therapy.

PMID- 3394003
TI  - New concepts in brachytherapy dosimetry.

PMID- 3394005
TI  - Problems of dose distribution and calculation in endometrium cancer.

PMID- 3394006
TI  - A fast planning program for interstitial and gynaecological use.

PMID- 3394007
TI  - Three dimensional optimization of the dose distribution of interstitial and
      intracavitary afterloading methods.

PMID- 3394008
TI  - Technique and individual afterloading treatment planning simulating classic
      Stockholm brachytherapy for cervix cancer.

PMID- 3394009
TI  - Investigations in dose calculation methods for intracavitary afterloading.

PMID- 3394010
TI  - Microsurgical anatomy of the choroidal fissure.
AB  - The microsurgical anatomy of the choroidal fissure was examined in 25 cadaveric
      heads. The choroidal fissure, the site of attachment of the choroid plexus in the
      lateral ventricle, is located between the fornix and thalamus in the medial part
      of the lateral ventricle. The choroidal fissure is divided into three parts: (a)
      a body portion situated in the body of the lateral ventricle between the body of
      the fornix and the thalamus, (b) an atrial part located in the atrium of the
      lateral ventricle between the crus of the fornix and the pulvinar, and (c) a
      temporal part situated in the temporal horn between the fimbria of the fornix and
      the lower surface of the thalamus. The three parts of the fissure are the
      thinnest sites in the wall of the lateral ventricle bordering the basal cisterns
      and the roof of the third ventricle. Opening through the body portion of the
      choroidal fissure from the lateral ventricle exposes the velum interpositum and
      third ventricle. Opening through the temporal portion of the choroidal fissure
      from the temporal horn exposes the structures in the ambient and crural cisterns.
      Opening through the atrial portion of the fissure from the atrium exposes the
      quadrigeminal cistern, the pineal region, and the posterior portion of the
      ambient cistern. The neural, arterial, and venous relationships of each part of
      the fissure are reviewed. The operative approaches directed through each part of
      the fissure are also reviewed.

PMID- 3394011
TI  - Diagnosis of tethered cords by magnetic resonance imaging.
AB  - Thirty children presented with signs and/or symptoms of tethered spinal cord, 13
      in association with spina bifida occulta and 17 after myelomeningocele repair.
      Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of 27 children showed tethering
      (27), intradural fat (17), distal syrinxes (8), and thickened filum terminale
      (2). There was an excellent correlation between MRI and the surgical findings.
      Postoperative MRI was obtained within 1 year after operation in 14 children;
      spinal cord ascent was seen on only four studies and retethering was suspected on
      five studies. We consider MRI the procedure of choice to diagnose a tethered cord
      because this technique accurately defines anatomical relationships without risk
      to the patient. In addition, we conclude that cord ascent is seen less often than
      expected and that retethering may occur, especially to cadaveric dura mater.

PMID- 3394012
TI  - Traumatic aneurysm of the intracavernous part of the internal carotid artery
      presenting with epistaxis. Case report.
AB  - A 22-year-old Chinese man sustained a gunshot wound through his right eye
      followed by three episodes of massive epistaxis. Angiography showed a large
      aneurysm in the intracavernous segment of the left internal carotid artery which
      was successfully treated by thrombosis with copper wire.

PMID- 3394014
TI  - Bruit caused by aberrant carotid artery in the middle ear.
AB  - An aberrant course taken by the internal carotid artery during its development
      may lead it through, rather than anterior to, the middle ear space. The resulting
      symptoms and signs, including a pulsatile bruit in and around the ear and the
      presence of a mass behind the tympanic membrane, require differentiation from
      those of glomus jugulare tumor.

PMID- 3394013
TI  - Primary omphalomesenteric adrenocarcinoma with metastases to the brain.
AB  - The fifth case of primary adenocarcinoma of the omphalomesenteric
      (vitellointestinal) duct is presented with long survival after initial resection
      and subsequent metastases to the brain. This is the first reported case of brain
      metastases from this rare tumor.

PMID- 3394017
TI  - [Health policy in a global perspective: legislation--protection or menace?].

PMID- 3394016
TI  - [AIDS information. Gjovik study: disparity between knowledge and behavior].

PMID- 3394015
TI  - Intraoperative monitoring of evoked potentials with a spiral scalp electrode.
      Technical note.
AB  - Monitoring evoked potentials from the brain for prolonged periods during
      neurosurgical procedures ideally requires attached scalp electrodes that may be
      placed in a sterile field. The limitations of conventional surface and
      percutaneous electrodes in the operating room environment have led to the
      development of a disposable curved-needle electrode which is inherently self
      retaining. Clinical results have demonstrated the advantages of this new
      electrode over other electrodes currently used for intraoperative
      neurophysiological monitoring.

PMID- 3394018
TI  - [Venereal diseases are coming back].

PMID- 3394019
TI  - [AIDS monitoring in Europe].

PMID- 3394020
TI  - [Study of sexual behavior].

PMID- 3394021
TI  - [Heterosexual infection steadily increasing].

PMID- 3394023
TI  - [Minister of Social Affairs. What does the Minister have in mind?. Interview by
      Bjorn Arild Ostby].

PMID- 3394022
TI  - [Practical instruction. III. Nursing instructors' guidance].

PMID- 3394024
TI  - [Nurse in a war zone. Health and daily life in Afghanistan].

PMID- 3394025
TI  - [Organization of a hospital. Professional leadership and joint decision making].

PMID- 3394026
TI  - [7-hour working day should be ensured].

PMID- 3394027
TI  - [Executive Board. Proposal to congress for open-door policy].

PMID- 3394028
TI  - [AIDS--fear and confidence, knowledge and prejudice must be mapped out].

PMID- 3394029
TI  - [AIDS--more and better education? Yes, thank you!].

PMID- 3394030
TI  - [AIDS--Gallup: apprehension is the biggest menace].

PMID- 3394031
TI  - [Many show willingness to test the pool system].

PMID- 3394032
TI  - [Nursing is also concerned with sex policy].

PMID- 3394033
TI  - [We can do it ourselves in the Faroe Islands].

PMID- 3394034
TI  - [Is it appropriate that health visitors write records?].

PMID- 3394035
TI  - [Nursing research education. Handshake from Haarder].

PMID- 3394037
TI  - [Are we now EEC citizens?].

PMID- 3394036
TI  - [Power and nursing. Interview by Lars Peter Bergqvist].

PMID- 3394038
TI  - [Are there jobs for Bindegale Nurses?].

PMID- 3394039
TI  - [Home care nursing. Supervisory nurses' role and responsibility].

PMID- 3394040
TI  - [Working environment. Working capacity can be entirely ruined by burnout].

PMID- 3394041
TI  - [Home care nursing. Little Ida with her dog, bicycle and babies. Interview by
      Grethe Kjaergaard].

PMID- 3394042
TI  - [Psychotherapy. She is different--we set a course by inner images. Interview by
      Mette-Marie Davidsen].

PMID- 3394043
TI  - [Pregnant nurse requests post].

PMID- 3394044
TI  - [Psychotherapy. Intelligence will cheat for the benefit of feelings. Interview by
      Mette-Marie Davidsen].

PMID- 3394045
TI  - [Wholeness behind health. 8. Alternative treatment. Documentation and integration
      -Ranum models].

PMID- 3394046
TI  - [Hand hygiene].

PMID- 3394047
TI  - [Private hospitals' glittering promises raise problems].

PMID- 3394048
TI  - [The future need for oncological continuing education].

PMID- 3394049
TI  - [Nursing care. A diary by patient replaces the Kardex].

PMID- 3394050
TI  - [Persons who associate with each other appreciate one another].

PMID- 3394051
TI  - [Professional Fair--Prevention and Hospital 88. New exhibit of Danish Nursing
      Council's position in Herming].

PMID- 3394052
TI  - [Psychological working environment. "A sick history" it remains. Interview by
      Mette-Marie Davidsen].

PMID- 3394053
TI  - [Nurses' conflicts. Nurses are often a poor "mother" for themselves. Interview by
      Mette-Marie Davidsen].

PMID- 3394054
TI  - [The sociocultural tool failure model. A contribution to the elucidation of why
      health visitors' personal values affect needs evaluation in their work].

PMID- 3394055
TI  - [Support nurse--kidney transplantation. Rather one permanent nurse than 10
      different ones. Interview by Mette-Marie Davidsen].

PMID- 3394056
TI  - [Drug information. Agents against a hangover].

PMID- 3394057
TI  - [Executive Board. Nurses' development project in a strong undercurrent].

PMID- 3394058
TI  - [Scandinavian Nurses' Association. New model for collective wage negotiations].

PMID- 3394059
TI  - [Psychiatry. Fewer drugs and more reactivation].

PMID- 3394060
TI  - [International Nurses' Day. Obstetrical nursing of great importance for a
      nation's health].

PMID- 3394061
TI  - [Health visitors--an important link in mothers' network].

PMID- 3394062
TI  - [Incredible development in nursing with new leadership structure. Interview by
      Lars Peter Bergqvist].

PMID- 3394064
TI  - [Profession's future. We do merely things here in Brondby].

PMID- 3394065
TI  - [The profession's future. We are just as good as in the larger countries].

PMID- 3394067
TI  - [Nurses in the ethics committee: I am myself. Interview by Grethe Kjaergaard].

PMID- 3394063
TI  - [Profession's future. Department management a good possibility with a blemish].

PMID- 3394066
TI  - [The profession's future. We will show a new profile. Interview by Kjogx
      Pedersen].

PMID- 3394068
TI  - [Song to today's and tomorrow's nurse. Interview by Mette-Marie Davidsen].

PMID- 3394070
TI  - [Health center. Community has made Skaevinge project into permanent arrangement].

PMID- 3394071
TI  - [Health education. Prevention counseling: use contraceptive devices. Interview by
      Lars Peter Bergqvist].

PMID- 3394069
TI  - [Wages and pension. Community pool is not a favorite].

PMID- 3394072
TI  - [England. No to strike by British nurses].

PMID- 3394073
TI  - [Nurses' shortage in Sweden. Politicians powerless in Sweden's health crisis].

PMID- 3394074
TI  - [education. Nurses will not be academicians].

PMID- 3394075
TI  - [Health policy. 15 percent more in wages to English nurses].

PMID- 3394076
TI  - [Health for all--France. The poor have a distrust of the health care system].

PMID- 3394077
TI  - [Health economy. Have: a health system--wanted: a health policy].

PMID- 3394078
TI  - [No warm supporters of community pool].

PMID- 3394079
TI  - [Immunotropic therapy of rheumatoid arthritis (prerequisites, results and
      principles)].
AB  - The author has summed up many-year investigation and literature data on
      immunological approaches to RA therapy including a study of the patients'
      immunological status, evaluation of the clinical efficacy and immunological
      effects of various therapeutic methods, and a study of the individual sensitivity
      of drugs in in vitro experiments. An indicator proposed by the author for the
      evaluation of clinicoimmunological therapeutic efficacy, expresses the true value
      of the method of RA therapy. Indices of the immune status necessary for a choice
      of patients and control of immunotropic therapy were defined; methods for the
      assessment of individual sensitivity to immunoreactive agents and principles of
      immunotropic therapy were presented.

PMID- 3394080
TI  - [Disorders of regional blood circulation in systemic scleroderma: early diagnosis
      and possibility of its correction].
AB  - Clinical and instrumental manifestations of disorders of the regional blood
      circulation were studied in 47 patients with sclerodermia systematica.
      Hemodynamic changes of the lesser circulation were marked in patients under 44
      with more active disease, longer disease duration, pulmonary pathology and
      cardiac decompensation. Sclerodermic vasculitis played the main role in lesser
      circulatory disorders. Additional factors were pulmonary and cardiac involvement
      and concomitant chronic nonspecific pulmonary diseases. Changes of intraorganic
      vessels and heart failure could result from hepatic circulatory disorders. The
      authors indicated a possibility of correction of pulmonary hypertension by
      combining the basic antirheumatic drugs with symptomatic therapy including
      spasmolytics and cardiac glycosides.

PMID- 3394081
TI  - [Prospects of studies on Sjogren's syndrome].

PMID- 3394082
TI  - [Effect of acetylsalicylic acid on uric acid metabolism in patients with
      rheumatism].
AB  - Concentrations of uric acid (UA) in the blood, saliva, circadian urine and serum
      xanthinoxidase activity were studied in 150 rheumatic fever patients during
      acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) therapy. UA concentrations were also studied in the
      organs (myocardium, mitral cusp, liver and kidneys) of the dead. Low salicylemia
      in nonreactive rheumatic fever and therapeutic salicylemia in recurrent rheumatic
      carditis produced a normalizing effect on uric acid metabolism but in limited
      renal and salivary gland excretory capacity ASA therapy aggravated uric acid
      metabolic disorder.

PMID- 3394083
TI  - [Clinical aspects and classification of primary osteoarthrosis deformans].
AB  - The authors reported the results of investigation of 70 patients with
      osteoarthrosis deformans followed up for 3-10 yrs. They defined 3 variants of a
      course of the disease: with rapid progression, slow progression, without
      noticeable progression. These variants differed in disease spreading, the
      frequency of arthrotic synovitis and the presence of hereditary predisposition.
      Signs of erosive arthrosis of the distal and proximal digital hand joints were
      noted in 12 patients with nodular polyosteoarthrosis. A characteristic signs in
      this group of patients was hereditary predisposition combined with local
      vegetative-vascular disorders and a strain on the digital hand joints, and
      degenerative affection of the cervical spine with the radicular syndrome.

PMID- 3394084
TI  - [An a typical variant of Bechterew's disease: ankylosing panarthritis?].

PMID- 3394085
TI  - [Prognostic factors in systemic lupus erythematosus in adolescents (computer
      analysis)].
AB  - A computer analysis of 88 signs of systemic lupus erythematosus in 99 adolescents
      revealed independent unfavorable factors impairing significantly prognosis 5 yrs
      after the onset of the disease. The main risk factors were the 3rd degree of the
      disease activity and renal involvement. The only prognostically favorable fact
      was cytostatic therapy of 3 mos duration initiated during the 1st year of the
      disease.

PMID- 3394086
TI  - [Seronegative rheumatoid arthritis in adolescents].
AB  - Of 116 persons who developed rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as teen-agers, 56 were
      seronegative for RF a long period of time. Clinicolaboratory and x-ray
      manifestations in this group of patients were analyzed. Adolescents with
      seronegative RA presented a heterogeneous group requiring further investigation.

PMID- 3394087
TI  - [Clinical aspects and diagnosis of Kashin-Beck disease].
AB  - The paper is devoted to a study of clinical manifestations of Kashin-Beck disease
      in 239 patients and biochemical indices of connective tissue metabolism in 103
      patients with the same disease (all patients ranging in age from 10 to 75 at
      different stages of disease). Investigation of metabolism of collagen,
      glycosaminoglycans and glycoproteins showed a significant decrease in the levels
      of chondroitin sulfates, total oxyproline and urine fucose, protein-bound blood
      oxyproline and an increase in the levels of urine hyaluronic acid and blood
      fucose in stage I patients as compared to normal indices in healthy persons. More
      marked changes of these indices were revealed in disease progression.

PMID- 3394088
TI  - [A case of recurrent agranulocytosis in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis].

PMID- 3394089
TI  - [A case of giant-cell arteritis].

PMID- 3394091
TI  - [Experience and means of improving of the quality of training of internists
      during primary graduate specialization].

PMID- 3394090
TI  - [Favorable clinical outcome of Goodpasture's syndrome].

PMID- 3394092
TI  - [Characteristics of keratoconjunctivitis sicca in Sjogren's disease and
      syndrome].
AB  - The paper is devoted to an analysis of the clinical manifestations of
      keratoconjunctivitis sicca in Sjogren's syndrome in combination with SLE,
      sclerodermia systematica, rheumatoid arthritis, and in Sjogren's disease. Some
      characteristic signs of a course of keratoconjunctivitis sicca in Sjogren's
      disease and syndrome were defined.

PMID- 3394093
TI  - [Stomatological manifestations in Sjogren's disease and syndrome].
AB  - For diagnosis of SS and SD and the detection of early stages of disease one
      should necessarily take into account the symptom complex of "major" (salivary
      gland enlargement, xerostomia, exacerbation of parotitis) and "minor"
      stomatological signs (multiple cervical caries, dry lips, perleche, mycotic and
      herpetic stomatitis, lymphadenopathy). The initial, marked and late stages were
      defined according to a degree of expression of stomatological manifestations. The
      initial stage prevailed in SS, the late stage in SD. The chief method of
      examination were sialometry, sialography and minor salivary gland biopsy.
      Sialography was widely used as a less traumatic diagnostic procedure. In addition
      to common signs with SD, salivary gland involvement was characterized by changes
      typical of SS combined with rheumatic disease (sclerosis in sclerodermia,
      vasculitis in RA and SLE, nuclear pathology in SLE).

PMID- 3394095
TI  - [Lesions of the digestive organs in Sjogren's disease].
AB  - The clinicofunctional and morphological status of the stomach, biliferous system,
      pancreas, large and small intestine was studied in 83 patients with Sjogren's
      syndrome and disease (SS and SD). Chronic gastritis with secretory insufficiency
      was shown to develop in SD. Morphological changes of the gastric mucosa were
      represented by chronic gastritis with glandular involvement and chronic atrophic
      gastritis of immune genesis. Pathology of the extrahepatic system of bilification
      was detected in 87% of patients. The most common pathologies diagnosed in these
      patients were chronic cholecystitis (51%) and biliary dyskinesia (25%). Changes
      of the chemical composition of the bile (arise of its lythogenic properties) were
      observed. Various disorders of pancreatic function were detected in 85% of SS and
      SD patients. X-ray and endoscopic investigations revealed duodenal, intestinal
      and colon hypokinesia, less frequently signs of enteritis and colitis in one
      third of the patients. The irritable colon syndrome was found in 40%. On the
      whole, involvement of different parts of the intestine was observed in 92%.
      Morphological changes in the duodenal and sigmoid colon mucosa were typical of
      chronic diffuse duodenitis and sigmoiditis in a subacute SD course, and chronic
      atrophic duodenitis and sigmoiditis in a chronic SD and SS course.

PMID- 3394094
TI  - [Biopsy of the minor salivary glands in the differential diagnosis of Sjogren's
      syndrome and chronic sialadenitis].
AB  - The authors studied minor salivary gland morphology of 59 patients with different
      forms of chronic sialadenitis and Sjogren's syndrome (SS). The presence of
      pathomorphological changes in the salivary gland was established in chronic
      sialadenitis as well as in SS. However, these changes had distinctive features:
      total involvement in SS and mosaic patterns in chronic sialadenitis. The authors
      made a conclusion of the systemic involvement of the salivary glands in chronic
      sialadenitis.

PMID- 3394096
TI  - [Respiratory disorders in Sjogren's syndrome: its comparison with scleroderma and
      normal state].
AB  - The respiratory system was evaluated in 40 patients with primary Sjogren's
      syndrome (pSS) and its involvement was compared with that of 26 patients with
      secondary Sjogren's syndrome (sSS), 40 with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 30 with
      scleroderma and 100 matched healthy controls using questionnaire, physical
      examination and functional criteria (spirometry, flow/volume curve, total lung
      capacity, diffusion). The commonest clinical manifestation in pSS patients was
      dry cough either alone (xerotrachea) or in combination with dyspnea (indicative
      of diffuse interstitial lung disease). Functional analysis revealed that 38% of
      pSS patients had impaired diffusion and 25% impaired flow/volume curve
      (indicative of small airways disease). Interstitial lung involvement was more
      common in extraglandular pSS (52% versus 21% in glandular). However no pSS
      patient was incapacitated from pulmonary disease and when pulmonary function was
      compared with that of scleroderma and healthy controls it was shown that the
      dysfunction in primary Sjogren's syndrome was much less serious than in
      scleroderma and not much different from that of healthy controls. The respiratory
      involvement in sSS differed since it was more suggestive of obstructive lung
      disease (19%) in a way very similar to that of rheumatoid arthritis. The results
      indicate that pulmonary involvement in pSS although frequent is not clinically
      important. They also suggest that sSS does not add pulmonary manifestations to
      RA. The differences in pulmonary involvement between pSS and sSS further support
      the thesis that they are different disease entities.

PMID- 3394097
TI  - [Personality and psychopathology in patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome].
AB  - Twenty-one patients with primary Sjogrens' syndrome were investigated for
      hostility structure and psychiatric symptomatology. It was observed that they
      manifested high levels of hostility with an intropunitive direction in
      combination with highly scored delusional items of guilt and paranoid hostility.
      Acting-out hostility was in low levels. From the psychopathology point of view
      the majority of patients reported mainly depression and somatization, as well as
      anxiety and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Unexpectedly paranoid symptoms were
      revealed in a substantial number of these patients. SS patients may present
      serious psychiatric symptoms and are in need of psychiatric help.

PMID- 3394098
TI  - [Interrelations between stomatological and mental states in Sjogren's syndrome
      and disease].

PMID- 3394099
TI  - [Sjogren's syndrome in systemic scleroderma].
AB  - Combined investigation of 43 patients with sclerodermia systematica (SSD) was
      conducted to detect Sjogren's syndrome (SS) and to study SSD association with SS.
      Four groups of patients were defined: with marked SS (10), primary SS (12),
      probable SS (13), and without SS manifestations (8). Comparative characterization
      has shown that SS is detected slightly more frequently in a chronic course of
      SSD, combines with manifestations of sclerodactyly, telangiectasia, calcinosis,
      however esophageal hypomobility, indurative skin changes and contractures which
      are typical of SSD, occur less frequently than in SSD patients without SS. SSD
      association with SS is characterized by polyarthralgia, arthritis, marked
      Raynaud's syndrome, the frequency and rather high RF titers, the detection of
      anti-Ro and anti-La, and a significant rise of the level of circulating immune
      complexes determined by SS influence. SS manifestations in SSD are retention
      pains in the parotid glands, signs of clearness on sialograms, periductal
      sclerosis in the form of rings in morphological investigation of the parotid
      glands.

PMID- 3394100
TI  - [Sjogren's syndrome in children].
AB  - The authors summed up the results of a many-year study of 13 children with
      Sjogren's diseases and syndrome, presented clinical characterization of patients,
      a course of this childhood pathology, some therapeutic problems and catamnestic
      data. An excerpt from a case history of a child with Sjogren's syndrome was
      given. Characteristic features of this childhood pathology were defined in
      comparison with adult patients.

PMID- 3394101
TI  - [The natural course of primary Sjogren's syndrome (a clinical study)].
AB  - In this work the authors analyzed the clinical course and diagnostic procedures
      of 104 patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS): 57 patients diagnosed and
      followed-up at Ioannina University and 47 similar patients treated at the
      National Institute of Health (USA). Both studies have shown that pSS is
      predominantly a female disease with a latent period of 6-8 yrs from the time of
      the first symptom to the time of final diagnosis. Although the syndrome begins
      almost exclusively with glandular manifestations (xerostomia, xerophthalmia or
      parotid gland enlargement), in a respectable percentage of patients it eventually
      progresses to extraglandular involvement. pSS can be potentially complicated by
      benign (pseudolymphoma) or malignant (lymphoma) lymphoproliferative disorders.

PMID- 3394102
TI  - [Sjogren's syndrome in the clinical picture of internal diseases].

PMID- 3394103
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of various methods of treatment of patients with
      Sjogren's disease and syndrome at the hospital-polyclinic stages].
AB  - The paper is concerned with the results of a follow-up and treatment of 97
      patients with Sjogren's disease and syndrome. When disease was at its height they
      were treated in a hospital, when the activity of a process was on a decrease or
      absent at all--in the consultation center of an outpatient clinic. Control was
      exercised in an open study. Glucocorticosteroid therapy was indicated at the
      height of disease at early stages and much less effective at late stages or in
      the absence of disease activity. At early stages this type of therapy resulted in
      substantial improvement of lacrimation and salivation and a positive time course
      of clinical symptoms. Chloroquine contributed to disease stabilization but did
      not prevent progression in some of the patients. Administration of local
      substitution therapy only was not indicated because during a follow-up period the
      majority of these patients developed xerotic symptoms.

PMID- 3394105
TI  - [Quantitative and qualitative changes in the fibronectin level in rheumatoid
      arthritis].
AB  - Blood plasma and synovial fluid (SF) of 48 patients with rheumatoid arthritis
      (RA) were studied. Plasma fibronectin (FN) concentration measured by rocket
      immunoelectrophoresis was found to be almost the same in patients and in healthy
      donors (348.6 +/- 16.4 micrograms/ml and 354.3 +/- 10.2 micrograms/ml,
      respectively. The level of SL FN was shown to rise in RA patients up to 1069.7 +/
      157.2 micrograms/ml, whereas in healthy persons and in posttraumatic synovitis
      it was equal to 420.0 +/- 112.6 micrograms/ml (p less than 0.05). Using cross
      immunoelectrophoresis, the heterogeneity of synovial FN was revealed which was
      determined by complex formation with hyaluronic acid. It was found that both
      plasma and synovial fluid possessed higher gelatin-binding activity when compared
      with control samples as studied by the ability to agglutinate gelatinized
      particles. Direct correlation was shown between disease development rate and
      bioassayable plasma and synovial fibronectin.

PMID- 3394104
TI  - [Study of the changes in the expression of histocompatibility antigens on the
      monocyte surface in the evaluation of the macrophage component of the immune
      system in rheumatoid arthritis].
AB  - Peripheral blood monocytes from 23 healthy persons and 25 RA patients were
      studied by cytohistochemistry, indirect immunofluorescence and cytophotometry to
      reveal interrelationship between cellular function of the system of mononuclear
      phagocytes and the expression of HLA-complex antigens in health and in RA. An
      increase in the phagocytic and metabolic activity of circulating monocytes was
      shown to be associated with a degree of the activity of an inflammatory process.
      A decrease in the level of the expression of HLA antigens class I was established
      in parallel with the rearrangement of the numerical ratio of cells expressing low
      and high levels of class II HLA-molecules. A degree of disorders of the
      expression of HLA-molecules and monocytic function was associated with a degree
      of RA activity.

PMID- 3394106
TI  - [Fibrinolytic activity of the blood and synovial fluid in patients with
      rheumatoid arthritis with systemic manifestations].
AB  - Indices of fibrinolytic blood and synovial fluid activity were investigated in 75
      and 25 patients with proved sero-positive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with systemic
      manifestations. Changes in the parameters of the fibrinolytic system in the
      patients suffering from RA with systemic manifestations were regarded as symptoms
      of the chronic intravascular coagulation syndrome. They could play a pathogenetic
      role in the time course and progression of rheumatoid inflammation.

PMID- 3394107
TI  - Chronic ethanol exposure in the embryonic chick heart: effect on myocardial
      function and structure.
AB  - To investigate the effect of chronic ethanol exposure on the embryonic chick
      heart, chick embryos were exposed daily to one of seven graded doses of ethanol
      or to saline only (shams) from 0 to 96 hr of incubation. One hour before and
      after exposure at 72 hr, and 1 hr before and after exposure at 96 hr, embryos
      were analyzed for changes in heart function, embryo tissue ethanol content,
      occurrence of anomalies, and embryo weights. At both 71 and 73 hr of incubation
      (during cardiogenesis), when compared to shams, heart rate (HR) in embryos
      receiving ethanol doses greater than 0.0375 ml increased significantly (P less
      than .05) with commensurate increases in injected ethanol. Additionally, at 73
      hr, depressed cardiac contractility, measured as shortening fraction, was noted
      at doses greater than or equal to .0375 when compared to shams. While slight
      increases in shortening fraction (SF) across dose were noted at 95 and 97 hr,
      only random doses were statistically significant from shams, with no specific
      trend in either HR or SF at this postcardiogenesis stage. Within each time group,
      gas chromatography analysis of embryo tissue ethanol content demonstrated a
      linear relationship between dose injected and tissue ethanol content retrieved.
      With increasing dose and stage, viability decreased. Weights of ethanol-injected
      embryos were not significantly different from shams within each time group. Our
      studies of the response of the embryonic chick heart to ethanol indicate both
      dose and stage susceptibility, with greater susceptibility to ethanol injury
      during active cardiogenesis.

PMID- 3394108
TI  - Role of myometrial constriction in the induction of wavy ribs in rat fetuses.
AB  - Furosemide, a loop diuretic, was orally administered to pregnant Crj: CD (SD)
      rats at a dose of 300 mg/kg once on day 16 of gestation. Cartilage bone double
      staining of day 17 fetuses revealed a delay in ossification. Characteristic rib
      deformities were not seen until day 18 of gestation. Concomitant with this
      observation were reductions in the amount of amniotic fluid, compared to
      controls, on day 18 of gestation and thereafter. When isoxsuprine HCl (2 mg/kg,
      b.i.d.), a uterine muscle relaxant, was additionally injected ip to pregnant rats
      on days 17-19 of gestation, the incidence of wavy ribs was significantly (P less
      than or equal to .05) less than that seen after treatment with furosemide alone.
      These observations indicate that the myometrial constriction plays a significant
      role in the induction of furosemide-induced wavy ribs.

PMID- 3394109
TI  - Acetazolamide: maternal toxicity, pattern of malformations, and litter effect.
AB  - Thirty litters of C57BL 6J mice were administered intraperitoneally one of four
      doses (0, 500, 750, and 1,000 mg/kg maternal weight) of acetazolamide on day 9 of
      gestation. The fetuses were removed on day 18 and fixed, stained, cleared, and
      examined for the pattern of malformations. The forelimb postaxial limb deficiency
      was the most common abnormality, but forelimb postaxial polydactyly and a
      postaxial deficiency in the hindlimb were also observed. Males were significantly
      more likely to be malformed than females at all doses, in contrast to the
      predominance of females observed in rat fetuses exposed to acetazolamide (Scott
      et al.: Teratology 6:239-240, '73). The occurrence of limb malformations did not
      correlate with maternal weight loss, the birth weight of the fetus, or the
      position of the fetus in the uterus. A "litter effect" was demonstrated in that
      there was a nonuniform distribution of litters with different proportions of
      malformed fetuses.

PMID- 3394110
TI  - Importance of genetic predisposition and maternal environment for the occurrence
      of congenital malformations in offspring of diabetic rats.
AB  - Previous experimental studies have implicated a genetic component in the
      induction of malformations in the offspring of diabetic rats. We have compared
      the outcome of diabetic pregnancy in two outbred (sub)strains of Sprague-Dawley
      rats (with low incidence [H] and high incidence [U] of skeletal malformations in
      the offspring) and hybrids between them. The fetuses of diabetic H mothers had no
      skeletal malformations and the lowest frequency of resorptions (8-9%), regardless
      of embryo type (H/H or H/U). When the diabetic mother was U or from the hybrid
      strain (H/U) and the offspring were of the mixed H/U type, we found increased
      resorption (16-21%) and skeletal malformation (3-5%) rates. If instead the
      embryos contained a major U genome [either U/U or U/(H/U)], further increased
      resorptions (23-30%) and skeletal malformations (17-19%) resulted. The H/H and
      U/U embryonic susceptibility to defined teratogens (3-6 mg/ml D-glucose, 4-8 mM B
      hydroxy-butyrate) were compared in whole embryo culture and found to be similar,
      suggesting that the malformations occurring in vivo may have a different etiology
      than those found in vitro. In the rat model studied, diabetes in the mother
      appears to cause a disturbance of early stages of embryogenesis in genetically
      predisposed embryos. This early disturbance results in skeletal malformations and
      seems to require inducing factor(s) in addition to increased levels of D-glucose
      and B-hydroxybutyrate. The findings are in concert with the notion of a mixed
      genetic-environmental etiology of malformations in (diabetic) pregnancy.

PMID- 3394112
TI  - Representing your patients: the deposition.

PMID- 3394111
TI  - Genetic differences in the frequency of acetazolamide-induced ectrodactyly in the
      mouse exhibit directional dominance of relative embryonic resistance.
AB  - Eleven of the common inbred strains of the mouse were surveyed for their
      teratogenic response to acetazolamide that was administered three times per os at
      1,000 mg/kg (9 A.M. and 4 P.M. on day 9 and 9 A.M. on day 10). The products of
      conception were examined for gross malformations on day 15. One strain, SJL/J,
      exhibited maternal toxicity to the dosage regime and was excluded from the
      survey. Five strains exhibited significantly increased resorption rates after
      treatment. All strains responded with the expected malformation of postaxial
      forelimb ectrodactyly with a right-sided predominance. Nine of the strains could
      be assigned to one of four mutually exclusive classes of frequency of
      ectrodactyly and the tenth strain (BALB/cByJ) showed overlap between the two
      intermediate classes. The data suggest major genes determine the difference in
      sensitivity to ectrodactyly rather than a polygenic mode of inheritance. Induced
      cleft lip was found in four strains and one of these strains, SWR/J, exhibited a
      significantly higher frequency. The strain differences in sensitivity to induced
      resorption, forelimb ectrodactyly, and cleft lip were genetically independent. A
      reciprocal cross study was conducted with five of the strains from the four
      classes of frequency of ectrodactyly response in order to determine gene action.
      A significant maternal effect on the ectrodactyly response was found only with
      one of the strain pairs in the ten sets of reciprocal crosses with the five
      strains. When there was a significant difference between two strains, the F1
      embryos exhibited dominance of relative resistance to ectrodactyly. The
      directional dominance of relative resistance to acetazolamide-induced
      ectrodactyly suggests that regulatory genes control the embryonic differences in
      frequency of ectrodactyly response to acetazolamide. By analogy with other metric
      traits of development that exhibit directional dominance, the genetic variation
      in ectrodactyly response that has been observed so far in the mouse embryo may
      not be involved with the primary target of acetazolamide teratogenesis.

PMID- 3394114
TI  - Who's insuring you?

PMID- 3394113
TI  - Texas panel amends list of procedures requiring disclosure.

PMID- 3394115
TI  - Preparation and characterization of proteolyzed forms of human alpha-thrombin.
AB  - The kinetics of the tryptic digestion of human alpha-thrombin were studied. Based
      on the results of these studies a procedure for the preparation of highly
      purified, active human beta-thrombin was developed. This beta-thrombin contained
      less than 5% of other thrombin forms, was active towards tripeptidyl
      paranitroanilide substrates, but had lost more than 99% of its fibrinogen
      cleaving activity. Protein-chemical characterization of beta-thrombin showed that
      it had been cleaved at a single site (Arg73-Asn74) in the beta-chain, in contrast
      to human beta-thrombin obtained by autolysis, which is cleaved at both Arg-62 and
      Arg-73.

PMID- 3394117
TI  - Effects of verapamil, diltiazem and nifedipine on some parameters of hemostasis
      in the rat.
AB  - Together with a mechanism such as activation of the coagulation system, vascular
      smooth muscle contraction and the activation of blood platelets are important
      processes in the hemostasis. Various calcium channel blockers besides those found
      to be vasodilators (1) have been shown to influence the functioning of blood
      platelets (2). They inhibit the aggregation induced by ADP, adrenaline,
      arachidonic acid or collagen (3). From these data it has been suggested that
      significant differences exist in the ability of calcium channel blockers to
      inhibit aggregatory responses (4). In order to elucidate further the possible
      role of calcium channel blockers in hemostasis we analyzed the effect of
      verapamil, diltiazem and nifedipine on the bleeding time, the amount of initial
      blood loss, platelet aggregation and some coagulation parameters in rats.

PMID- 3394116
TI  - Degradation of Glu- and Lys-plasminogen by elastase in the presence or absence of
      tranexamic acid.
AB  - Glu-plasminogen (Glu-plg) was degraded by elastase in the presence or absence of
      tranexamic acid. Glu-plg was degraded faster in the presence of tranexamic acid.
      Increase in the concentration of tranexamic acid resulted in increase in the
      appearance of degradation products, reaching a plateau level at 1 mM of
      tranexamic acid. Fifty percent increase in the concentration of one of
      degradation products was obtained at 0.22 mM of tranexamic acid, which is similar
      to a dissociation constant (Kd) of low affinity lysine binding sites (LBS) with
      tranexamic acid. As to the degradation rate of two isozymes of Glu-plg (Glu-plg I
      and II), Glu-plg II containing one carbohydrate chain was degraded faster than
      Glu-plg I containing two carbohydrate chains. Comparison of the degradation rates
      of Glu-plg and Lys-plg indicated that Lys-plg was degraded faster.

PMID- 3394118
TI  - A rapid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for human factor XI.

PMID- 3394119
TI  - Decreased inducibility of tissue factor activity on human umbilical vein
      endothelial cells cultured with endothelial cell growth factor and heparin.

PMID- 3394120
TI  - A note on the use of indo-1 in studying shear-induced platelet aggregation.

PMID- 3394121
TI  - Fahraeus-Vejlens effect: margination of platelets and leukocytes in blood flow
      through branches.
AB  - The distribution of platelets and leukocytes was studied in tube flow at T
      junctions. The diameters were 200 microns for the main channel and 100 microns
      for the side branch, or 100 microns and 80 microns, respectively. The
      concentrations of platelets and leukocytes in the blood collected from the side
      branch and in the blood from the reservoir were measured using blood samples with
      different levels of fibrinogen. The concentration of platelets in the blood from
      the side branch was found to be about 1.2-1.5 times higher than in the reservoir.
      This ratio was found dependent on the feed hematocrit and fibrinogen
      concentration. The concentration of leukocytes in the blood from the side branch
      was about 0.9-1.4 times the value of the blood in the reservoir depending
      slightly on the fibrinogen concentration.

PMID- 3394122
TI  - Observations on human platelet aggregation in native whole blood: synergism and
      sensitivity to aggregating agents in vitro.
AB  - Threshold sensitivity levels, as well as the synergistic effects of agonists for
      blood platelets have been evaluated by impedance aggregometry using whole blood
      without anticoagulation. Platelet aggregation was studied using adenosine
      diphosphate (ADP), epinephrine, and thrombin. Threshold responses to ADP,
      epinephrine, and thrombin were observed at lower concentrations in diluted native
      whole blood (NWB) than reported values for citrated whole blood, and appear to be
      similar to those of citrated platelet rich plasma (PRP). Potentiation of
      aggregation occurred when both ADP and epinephrine, or epinephrine and thrombin
      but not ADP and thrombin were present in combination. Synergism between agonists
      thus is similar but not identical to that of PRP, and NWB appears to provide a
      sensitive system with a more physiologic milieu than other in vitro aggregation
      systems.

PMID- 3394123
TI  - [Dermatophytoses in dogs and cats].
AB  - The clinical features of dermatophyte infections in dogs and cats are discussed.
      Diagnostics methods, therapy and clinical management are extensively described.

PMID- 3394124
TI  - [Effects of the addition of increased nitrates to the drinking water of fattening
      pigs and weaned piglets].
AB  - Three experimental studies were done on the effects of increased concentrations
      of nitrate in the drinking water of weaned piglets and flattening pigs throughout
      the weaning and fattening periods respectively on the experimental piggery in
      Raalte for pigs in the northern and eastern Netherlands. To begin with,
      prospective studies were done in three times four individually housed
      experimental animals which were given 100, 200 and 500 mg of nitrate per litre of
      drinking water respectively throughout the fattening period. The results obtained
      were compared with the findings in twenty controls. When the weaned piglets were
      studied, two groups of weaned piglets, each consisting of an odd hundred piglets,
      fifty per cent of which served as an experimental group, the other fifty per cent
      serving as a group of controls, were compared. The experimental group was given
      drinking water to which 220 mg of nitrate per litre were added. When the
      fattening pigs were studied, two groups, each consisting of seventy animals, were
      compared. Fifty per cent served as a control group and fifty per cent as an
      experimental group. The experimental groups were given drinking water to which
      500 mg of nitrate per litre were added. The nitrate and nitrite levels of the
      drinking water supplied were measured at regular intervals. The studies in
      fattening pigs included the examination of blood samples for the concentrations
      of haemoglobin and methaemoglobin halfway and at the conclusion of the periods.
      The additional nitrate in the drinking water did not have any negative effect on
      the haemoglobin and methaemoglobin levels of the drinking water or on the results
      obtained in these studies. Studies on meat and organs were done in five controls
      and five experimental animals from the fattening pigs studied. Marked differences
      were not observed in any case. It is concluded that an increased concentration of
      nitrate in drinking water does not have any injurious effect on the health of and
      the results obtained in weaned piglets, provided the drinking water is of good
      quality in addition to having an increased nitrate level.

PMID- 3394125
TI  - [Extraction of the canine teeth?].

PMID- 3394126
TI  - [Current legislation and important activities in the EEC from a veterinarian
      viewpoint].

PMID- 3394127
TI  - [Relationship of the veterinary practitioner and the pharmaceutical industry].

PMID- 3394128
TI  - Proceedings 1988. Royal Netherlands Veterinary Association. Netherlands Small
      Animal Association. Amsterdam, April 15-17, 1988.

PMID- 3394129
TI  - Professional training and further education of veterinarians.

PMID- 3394131
TI  - Canine and feline cardiology.

PMID- 3394130
TI  - The veterinarian's role when a pet dies; what to know and what to do.

PMID- 3394132
TI  - Anesthesia in small animal practice.

PMID- 3394133
TI  - Anesthesia for geriatric and for pregnant dogs and cats.

PMID- 3394134
TI  - Anesthetic management of problem cases.

PMID- 3394135
TI  - Anatomy and development of the elbow joint.

PMID- 3394137
TI  - Loose anconeal process.

PMID- 3394136
TI  - Fragmented coronoid process and osteochondritis dissecans of the medial humeral
      condyle.

PMID- 3394138
TI  - Arthrosis of the elbow joint among Rottweiler dogs. Results from investigations
      into hereditary disposition.

PMID- 3394139
TI  - Diagnosis and treatment of the fractured lateral humeral condyle.

PMID- 3394140
TI  - The olecranon process; fractures and osteotomy.

PMID- 3394141
TI  - The differential diagnosis of spinal cord disorders.

PMID- 3394142
TI  - The psychology of the relationship between pets, clients and veterinarians.
AB  - In our studies we were able to demonstrate that dogs and cats contribute in many
      ways to man's well-being and to quality of life, with regard to aspects such as
      general quality of life, prophylaxis, education, and therapy. Man's personality
      is co-determined by pets; pet animals support man and make demands on him/her and
      even train, influence man to a certain extent, and, in the case of physical and
      psychic diseases, act as remedy and cure. Pets are able to contribute to our
      becoming a little more humane again.

PMID- 3394143
TI  - Current orthopedics of the stifle.

PMID- 3394144
TI  - Surgery of the stomach in the dog and cat.

PMID- 3394145
TI  - Neurological examination.

PMID- 3394146
TI  - Diseases in parrots.
AB  - This article can be regarded as a primer to psittacine medicine. An introduction
      to pet psittacine species and Dutch legislation with regard to keeping parrots as
      pets, is followed by diagnostic techniques. Some emergency therapeutic measures
      are highlighted. A review is presented of some characteristic or important parrot
      diseases.

PMID- 3394147
TI  - Antibiotic susceptibility testing in clinical bacteriology.

PMID- 3394148
TI  - Some pharmacological and toxicological aspects.

PMID- 3394149
TI  - The importance of laboratory data for a rational antimicrobial therapy in
      veterinary practice.

PMID- 3394150
TI  - Radiology of the thorax.

PMID- 3394151
TI  - Radiology of the acute abdomen.

PMID- 3394152
TI  - Methylation status and organization of the metallothionein-I gene in livers and
      testes of strains of mice resistant and susceptible to cadmium.
AB  - The methylation status, copy number and organization of the metallothionein-I (MT
      I) gene was studied in hepatic and testicular DNAs of mouse strains resistant
      (BALB/c) and susceptible (NFS) to cadmium-induced testicular toxicity. Digestion
      of DNAs by the restriction enzymes BamHI, EcoRI and HindIII produced identical
      patterns for hepatic and testicular DNAs of both strains, indicating that there
      was no apparent difference in the gross genomic organization or in copy number of
      the MT-I gene in the 2 types of tissues from either strain. Digestion with MspI,
      HpaII, AvaII and HhaI indicated that the hepatic DNAs of both strains were under
      methylated as compared to the testicular DNAs. However, the NFS DNAs lacked a
      fragment that was consistently observed in the MspI digests of BALB/c DNAs,
      suggesting the presence of a polymorphic CCGG site. This site was localized by
      double digestion of DNAs with BstEII or HindIII and MspI to the 3' end of the MT
      I gene. Differences in methylation status may account for the differential
      susceptibility of the 2 tissues to cadmium toxicity. The higher degree of MT-I
      gene methylation may result in slower or inefficient induction of MT in the
      testes, resulting in greater sensitivity to metal toxicity in testes than in
      liver. However, differences in methylation status alone do not seem to account
      for the interstrain differences in cadmium toxicity, and other factors, such as
      differences in genetic organization, seem to be involved in the inducibility of
      MT-I gene in different strains.

PMID- 3394153
TI  - Effect of mercuric chloride on microbicidal activities of human polymorphonuclear
      leukocytes.
AB  - We investigated the effects of mercuric chloride on phagocytic capacity,
      formation of toxic oxygen species and release of lysosomal enzymes of human
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL). Our results show that HgCl2 may alter these
      microbicidal functions of human PMNL without remarkable damage of cell viability.
      The phagocytic capacity was markedly depressed in a concentration-dependent
      manner. The formation of toxic oxygen species was also diminished by mercuric
      chloride when induced by phagocytosis. It was furthermore reduced when the PMNL
      were activated without phagocytosis by binding of IgG to Fc-receptors or by
      binding of phorbol myristate acetate to the membrane. In contrast, the release of
      the lysosomal enzyme lysozyme was enhanced in the presence of mercuric chloride,
      but not the release of beta-glucuronidase. These effects may lead to impaired
      defense against infections and possibly to inflammatory reactions in adjacent
      tissues induced by released lysosomal enzymes.

PMID- 3394154
TI  - Effects of glutathione depletion and induction of metallothioneins on the
      cytotoxicity of an organic hydroperoxide in cultured mammalian cells.
AB  - The effects of glutathione depletion and induction of metallothioneins (MTs) on
      the cytotoxicity of t-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) were investigated in cultured
      Chinese hamster V79 cells. The cytotoxicity of t-BHP was enhanced with increasing
      duration of the pretreatment with L-buthionine-SR-sulfoximine (BSO), a selective
      inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, and was correlated with the
      decrease of cell glutathione, indicating that glutathione constitutes a cellular
      defense against toxicity by t-BHP. Desferrioxamine, a specific iron chelator,
      suppressed partly inhibition of cell growth induced by t-BHP and suppressed
      completely the increase of the cytotoxicity caused by glutathione depletion.
      Butylated hydroxytoluene, a diffusible radical scavenger, showed almost the same
      suppressive effect as desferrioxamine. These results suggest that the
      cytotoxicity of t-BHP enhanced by the depletion of glutathione is attributable to
      an action of iron-mediated reactive radical species. Pretreatment with zinc (10(
      4) M) suppressed the cytotoxicity of t-BHP that was enhanced by depletion of
      glutathione and the extent of suppression was paralleled with increasing duration
      of zinc pretreatment that correlated with increased synthesis of metallothioneins
      (MTs). Maximum induction of MTs also suppressed the t-BHP-induced inhibition of
      cell growth at 4 degrees C in glutathione-depleted cells. These results suggest
      that MTs act as a scavenger for the reactive radical species which are formed in
      an iron-mediated manner.

PMID- 3394155
TI  - Acute and subacute effects of miconazole nitrate on hepatic styrene oxide
      hydrolase and cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase activities in male and
      female AKR/J mice.
AB  - The imidazole-containing anti-fungal drug, miconazole nitrate, was shown to
      enhance hepatic microsomal styrene oxide hydrolase and inhibit several cytochrome
      P-450-dependent monooxygenase activities in the AKR/J mouse. Miconazole was a
      more potent inhibitor of cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase activities in
      microsomes from male than female mice, and inhibitory potency also varied with
      substrate. When administered in vivo miconazole nitrate stimulated epoxide
      hydrolase activity, but had a substrate-dependent biphasic effect on cytochrome P
      450-dependent monooxygenase activities. Monooxygenase activities with
      benzo[a]pyrene and benzphetamine were inhibited to varying degrees in liver
      homogenate and hepatic microsomes from mice sacrificed 45 min after miconazole
      administration. After repeated administration of miconazole, liver weight,
      microsomal protein yield and cytochrome P-450 were increased, as were specific
      monooxygenase activities with ethoxycoumarin and ethoxyresorufin, but
      benzphetamine N-demethylase activity was decreased. These results suggested that
      a metabolite of miconazole was responsible for the inhibition of benzphetamine N
      demethylase. It was of special interest that ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase
      activity was induced in the AKR/J mouse by miconazole, since the AKR/J mouse is
      not responsive to induction by aromatic hydrocarbons.

PMID- 3394156
TI  - Induction of the rat hepatic microsomal mixed-function oxidases by 3 imidazole
      containing antifungal agents: selectivity for the cytochrome P-450IIB and P
      450III families of cytochromes P-450.
AB  - Administration of the imidazole antifungal agents ketoconazole, miconazole and
      clotrimazole gave rise to increases in the microsomal cytochrome P-450 levels and
      the NADPH-dependent reduction of cytochrome c. Clotrimazole, and to a much lesser
      extent miconazole and ketoconazole, stimulated the dealkylation of
      pentoxyresorufin. All 3 agents gave rise to small, but significant increases in
      the O-deethylation of ethoxycoumarin and ethoxyresorufin. The antifungal-induced
      O-deethylation of ethoxycoumarin was much more sensitive to inhibition by
      metyrapone rather than by alpha-naphthoflavone. The binding of metyrapone to
      reduced microsomes was enhanced by treatment of animals with the 3 antifungal
      agents, clotrimazole being clearly the most potent. Immunoquantitation of
      cytochrome P-450 proteins using an ELISA procedure and employing anti-cytochrome
      P-450c (P-450IA1, P-448 low spin) and P-450b (P-450IIB1) antisera revealed that
      clotrimazole and miconazole, but not ketoconazole, induced the levels of
      phenobarbital-induced cytochromes P-450, while none of the antifungal agents
      increased the levels of cytochrome of P-448 proteins. Similar results were
      obtained using Western blots employing the above antibodies. On SDS
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis microsomes derived from animals pretreated
      with clotrimazole showed intensification of a band at 51 kDa which was identified
      by Western blotting as the PCN-inducible form of cytochrome P-450 (cytochrome P
      450p, P-450III family). Similar, but less pronounced intensification was seen
      with microsomes from animals pretreated with miconazole and ketoconazole.
      Furthermore, microsomes from clotrimazole- and ketoconazole-treated animals
      interacted with erythromycin to yield type I spectra. It is concluded that the
      imidazole-containing agents clotrimazole and miconazole, and to a much lesser
      extent ketoconazole, are potent inducers of the rat hepatic microsomal mixed
      function oxidases, displaying selectivity towards the P-450IIB (phenobarbital
      inducible) and P-450III (PCN-inducible) families of cytochrome P-450 proteins.

PMID- 3394158
TI  - Lung and systemic thiol homeostasis during an acute lung inflammation in the rat.
AB  - The instillation of Sephadex beads into the lungs of rats induces a sustained,
      acute inflammatory reaction within the lungs which caused significant increases
      in whole lung free and total glutathione (GSH) of approximately 30% after 72 h of
      reaction. Concurrently, levels of free and total cysteine (CySH) were increased
      by approximately 600% and 300%, respectively. Similarly, extended inflammation
      raised the intracellular content of free and total GSH in intraluminal cells by
      approximately 50% whilst causing the accumulation of oxidised CySH in the
      extracellular lavage fluid. Simultaneously, fluctuative trends were noted in
      several systemic thiol pools. Liver free and total GSH were shown to fall without
      alteration to CySH components. In contrast the plasma redox balance of GSH was
      unaltered but depletions of free and total CySH were noted after 72 h of
      inflammation. These results are discussed in terms of the occurrence of oxidative
      stress during acute pulmonary inflammation and the relationship of these
      observations to systemic thiol homeostasis and observations in other models of
      oxidant-induced pulmonary toxicity.

PMID- 3394157
TI  - The effects of cadmium, copper or zinc on formation of embryonic chick bone in
      tissue culture.
AB  - Femurs from 9-day-old chick embryo were cultivated for 6 days by the roller-tube
      method in the presence of Cd, Cu or Zn. Cd (5.0 microM and above) and Cu (2.5
      microM and above) caused a decrease in collagen content of both diaphysis and
      epiphysis, mainly due to inhibition of collagen synthesis. In addition, Cd and Cu
      each showed a tendency to inhibit an increase in Ca content of diaphysis, where
      intraperiosteal ossification could be observed. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)
      activity was decreased by Cd (5.0 microM and above) or Cu (10 microM and above)
      in diaphysis. On the other hand, Zn at 50 microM and above inhibited an increase
      in Ca content of the diaphysis with a remarkable elevation of ALP activity in the
      medium. At this time, Zn did not decrease the collagen content of the diaphysis
      so strongly. Histological observations revealed that Cd and Cu each decreased
      both calcified and uncalcified osteoid tissue at 2.5 microM, while Zn at 100
      microM decreased calcified tissue but increased uncalcified osteoid tissue. As Zn
      accumulated particularly in diaphysis and deposited at the edge of calcified
      tissue, it was suggested that Zn inhibited calcification physicochemically. It
      was concluded that Cd or Cu would induce bone damage represented by osteoporosis,
      whereas Zn would induce osteomalacia.

PMID- 3394159
TI  - Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against Staphylococcus
      aureus alpha-toxin.
AB  - Murine monoclonal antibodies against staphylococcal alpha-toxin were produced
      using a well-characterized alpha-toxin fragment preparation as immunizing agent.
      Three monoclonal antibodies were selected for anti-alpha-toxin activity in an
      ELISA using alpha-toxin as antigen. The monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) belonged to
      different immunoglobulin classes/subclasses and showed different abilities to
      neutralize the hemolytic, cell-membrane-damaging, dermonecrotizing and lethal
      action of alpha-toxin. One MAb was superior to mouse polyclonal antiserum in all
      test systems except for hemolysis, whereas another MAb neutralized essentially as
      the polyclonal serum. The third MAb did not neutralize the hemolytic or
      dermonecrotic effect but still inhibited the lethal and membrane-damaging effect
      of alpha-toxin. These results indicate that the three MAbs recognize different
      epitopes on the toxin molecule and that different biological activities might
      correspond to these epitopes.

PMID- 3394161
TI  - Behavioral and neurochemical effects of intraperitoneally injected dendrotoxin.
AB  - Intraperitoneal administration of dendrotoxin, a polypeptide isolated from
      Dendroaspis angusticeps venom, provoked in mice the appearance of a complex
      stereotyped behavior including biting, head nodding, 'wet-dog' shakes and
      rearing. Signs of autonomic hyperactivity as well as hyperreactivity to sound and
      touch were prominent. Neurochemical analyses of monoamines and monoamine
      metabolites showed no change 90 min after dendrotoxin, with a decrease in
      dopamine concentrations and an increase in their metabolites in the striatum
      starting 3 hr later. Moreover, at this time, dendrotoxin also produced a
      significant increase of 5-hydroxytryptamine metabolites. These data are
      interpreted as indicating that dendrotoxin crosses the blood-brain barrier and
      provokes an increase of the activity at monoaminergic terminals.

PMID- 3394160
TI  - Livestock poisoning in South America by species of the Senecio plant.
AB  - The pyrrolizidine alkaloids retrorsine, senecionine, integerrimine, neosenkirkine
      and florosenine were isolated from different Senecio spp. common in southern
      Brazil, Uruguay and Paraguay. Structure elucidation of these compounds was mainly
      accomplished by two-dimensional FT NMR techniques. Detailed interpretations of 1H
      1H and 1H-13C NMR correlation spectra are given. The alkaloids neosenkirkine,
      integerrimine and florosenine were found in Senecio leptolobus De Candolle,
      retrorsine accompanied by senecionine in Senecio selloi (Spreng.) DC and Senecio
      cisplatinus Cabrera. In Senecio heterotrichus DC. integerrimine is accompanied by
      retrorsine. Investigations on pathology and histopathology of Senecio
      envenomation in Brazil are summarized.

PMID- 3394162
TI  - The effects of peptidoglycan, a pyrogenic constituent of gram-positive
      microorganisms, on the pharmacokinetics of rifampicin.
AB  - Pharmacokinetics of rifampicin (20 mg/kg orally or i.v.) was determined in calves
      and rabbits. Seven days later a model pyrogen was administered i.v. to the same
      animals and 1 hr later the rifampicin administration was repeated. The
      pharmacokinetic analysis of oral rifampicin was performed using a one-compartment
      open model with absorption. Intravenously administered rifampicin was analysed by
      a two-compartment intravascular model. Injection of peptidoglycan in pyrogenic
      doses led to a significant increase of orally applied rifampicin serum levels in
      both animal species. The i.v. administration of rifampicin had the same
      parameters in the control and peptidoglycan experiments. Daily pretreatment of
      rabbits with small doses of peptidoglycan induced tolerance to the pyrogenic
      effect. In tolerant animals we did not observe any changes of rifampicin serum
      levels. Elevated temperature alone was not responsible for observed
      pharmacokinetic changes leading to the increase of bioavailability of oral
      rifampicin since another pyrogenic substance (endotoxin) had an opposite effect
      on pharmacokinetics of previously tested drugs.

PMID- 3394164
TI  - Cytotoxicity and hemolysis by an extract of the sponge Pachymatisma johnstonii.
AB  - In vitro cytotoxicity on human rhinopharynx KB cells, as well as hemolytic
      activity on human erythrocytes, was produced by an aqueous extract of the sponge
      Pachymatisma johnstonii. Optimum temperature and pH were the same for both
      activities (37 degrees C, pH 5). Moreover, after partial purification, the
      compounds involved were found in the same chromatographic fraction. These
      compounds were sensitive to treatment with dithiothreitol, but not with papain or
      trypsin. Cytotoxicity was destroyed by heat, whereas hemolysis subsisted after
      the extract was heated to 100 degrees C.

PMID- 3394163
TI  - Defining a region on tetanus toxin responsible for neuromuscular blockade.
AB  - Administering high doses of tetanus toxin to animals produces neuromuscular
      blockade. Previous studies, in which specific F(ab) antibody fragments were used
      to mask the 50,000 MW COOH-terminal portion of the heavy chain (fragment c) on
      the toxin molecule, have shown that the paralyzing effect of the toxin was most
      probably located in an area comprising the light chain and the 50,000 MW NH2
      terminal portion of the heavy chain (Fragment Ibc). In our study, the toxin was
      also complexed with F(ab) fragments directed to the light chain (alpha), heavy
      chain (beta), beta minus IIc, and with monoclonal antibodies to epitopes on IIc
      and beta minus IIc. Investigating the effect of the resulting complexes both in
      mice and on the sphincter pupillae muscle in rabbits permitted us to circumscribe
      further the tetanus toxin neuromuscular blocking activity in a region of the NH2
      terminal fragment (Mr = 50,000) of the heavy chain (fragment beta minus IIc). Our
      results are consistent with the assumption that the beta minus IIc fragment is
      critical for the neuromuscular blockade activity of tetanus toxin. However, it
      cannot be ruled out that both the peripheral and central effects of the toxin
      result from the same portion of the toxin molecule, the nature of the action
      depending on where the toxin is carried after its introduction into the organism.

PMID- 3394165
TI  - [The Geriatric Mental Status Schedule, the GMS: psychiatric tool in
      psychogeriatrics].
AB  - An instrument in geriatric psychiatry, the GMS, is introduced. The use of
      measurement in psychiatry is briefly touched upon. The use of standardized
      interview like the GMS mainly serves differential diagnosis in psychiatry. The
      essence of this method is that questions and the appraisal of answers are
      submitted to rules and regulations. The application of this method in geriatric
      psychiatry is still in its infancy. The history of the GMS and the choice of
      maternal instruments following international consensus is described. In former
      investigations results of reliability and validity studies were satisfactory. In
      our own Dutch investigation reliability and validity in the (differential)
      diagnosis of senile dementia were consistent with those of previous studies. Some
      claims and restrictions in the application of the instrument are discussed.

PMID- 3394166
TI  - [Education in the hospital. Differences in satisfaction, cognition and emotional
      status between younger and older patients].
AB  - The development of patient education in hospital receives increasingly more
      interest. Given the growing number of older patients, more attention should be
      paid to this group of patients in hospitals. In a survey among hospital patients
      the influence of the factor age is studied on the evaluation of the education,
      knowledge, emotional state and behaviour of the patients. The results show that
      older hospital patients are more satisfied about the education but have less
      knowledge about the hospital stay and medical subjects. It seems also that older
      patients experience less emotional problems and that they are less active in
      information gathering, while they discuss their emotional problems less
      frequently and show less self-care. Feelings of powerlessness, dependency and
      social desirability influence this situation. Several aspects of the development
      of education for older hospital patients are discussed.

PMID- 3394167
TI  - [A brief test for dementia screening: the ADS3].
AB  - The ADS3 is a short screening test, consisting of subtests for Visual Memory,
      Orientation and Fluency. Within the modest pretentions available to this type of
      test, the validity and reliability are satisfactory. Measures were taken to
      safeguard the test against misuse.

PMID- 3394169
TI  - Ethical guidelines for organ procurement.

PMID- 3394170
TI  - [Effect of transcortin on the corticosterone-transforming activity of cytosol
      from the rat liver].
AB  - The study of transcortin role in 3H-corticosterone metabolism has shown that
      transcortin of blood plasma from rats bearing Walker carcinosarcoma preserves the
      hormone conversion to dihydrocompounds 4 time less intensively than transcortin
      taken from healthy rats. Inactivated transcortin exerts no effect on the rate of
      formation of 5 beta-metabolites. Under the influence of homogeneous transcortin
      samples, a decrease in the content of 5 beta-reduced corticosterone metabolites
      is revealed to occur depending on transcortin concentration in the system. It is
      shown that in incubation systems where hormone is in the bound state the
      metabolism preserving capacity of transcortin depends on the temperature degree.
      The transcortin activity on corticosterone metabolism is supposed to be closely
      related to the intensity of its complexing with transcortin.

PMID- 3394168
TI  - Interactions of cyclosporine with renal proximal tubule cells and cellular
      membranes.
AB  - Cyclosporine-induced nephrotoxicity is a limiting factor in the clinical use of
      cyclosporine. Since the manner in which cyclosporine interacts with proximal
      tubule cells and their membranes may provide insight into the cellular
      pathophysiology of cyclosporine toxicity, experiments were undertaken to
      characterize the interactions of cyclosporine with proximal tubule cells, renal
      brush border membranes, and renal cortical mitochondria. Cyclosporine bound to
      isolated rat renal brush border membranes in a saturable manner with a Kd of 0.38
      microM and an nmax of 0.33 nmoles/mg protein. Scatchard analysis suggested that
      the interaction of cyclosporine at low concentrations with brush border membranes
      was consistent with a partitioning process rather than binding to a specific
      membrane component. Cyclosporine inhibited rat renal cortical mitochondrial
      respiration in a dose-dependent manner, with 8 microM as a threshold dose. This
      inhibitory effect was greater for respiration supported by succinate than
      pyruvate-malate. TMPD-ascorbate-supported respiration was unaffected. Suspensions
      of rabbit renal proximal tubule segments were incubated in vitro with 0.5-500
      microM 3H-cyclosporine to measure the kinetics of cyclosporine uptake. Uptake was
      rapid (80% after 10 min) and saturable at 100 microM, with 9 nmoles
      cyclosporine/mg protein accumulated. Incubation of suspensions of enriched in
      rabbit renal proximal tubule segments with 10 microM cyclosporine in vitro for 2
      hr with or without 22.5 min of hypoxia, or for 16 hr without hypoxia, had no
      effect on a variety of quantitative metabolic parameters of cell injury,
      including basal and uncoupled tubule respiratory rates and tubule K+, Ca++ and
      adenine nucleotide levels. These results demonstrate that cyclosporine interacts
      with critical renal membrane components at low concentrations but this
      interaction does not result in proximal renal tubular cell injury acutely in
      vitro.

PMID- 3394171
TI  - [Inhibition of adrenodoxin reductase by NADP+ and NADPH].
AB  - Adrenodoxin reductase (EC 1.18.1.2) catalyzes the oxidation of NADPH by 1.4
      benzoquinone. The catalytic constant of this reaction at pH 7.0 is equal to 25-28
      s-1. NADP+ acts as the mixed-type nonlinear inhibitor of enzyme increasing Km of
      NADPH and decreasing catalytic constant. NADP+ and NADPH act as mutually
      exclusive inhibitors relative to reduced adrenodoxin reductase. The patterns of
      2',5'-ADP inhibition are analogous to that of NADP+. These data support the
      conclusion about the existence of second nicotinamide coenzyme binding centre in
      adrenodoxin reductase.

PMID- 3394172
TI  - [Binding of K 1-3 and K 4 fragments of plasminogen containing lysine-binding
      sites with fibrinogen and its fragments].
AB  - Interaction of plasminogen K 1-3 and K 4 fragments containing lysine binding
      sites with fibrinogen and its fragments has been investigated. It has been
      established that K 1-3 fragment binds to fibrinogen and its E and DL fragments. K
      4 fragment does not bind to E and DL fragments, but it interacts with fibrinogen.
      K 4 fragment does not interact with early fibrinogen proteolysis X2 fragment
      which differs from the native molecule of fibrinogen in the alpha C domain
      absence. The results obtained indicate that lysine binding sites located at
      plasminogen K 1-3 and K 4 fragments correspond to different fibrinogen molecule
      centres. The centre complementary to K 4 fragment lysine binding sites could be
      located at the fibrinogen alpha C domain.

PMID- 3394173
TI  - [Reversible inhibition of cholinesterases by salts of pyrilium, thiopyrilium and
      selenopyrilium derivatives].
AB  - Salts of pyrilium, thiopyrilium and selenopyrilium derivatives at pH 7.5 and
      temperature of 25 degrees C are studied for their effect on the catalytic
      activity of acetyl cholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7) of human blood erythrocytes and
      butyryl cholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8) of horse blood serum which is measured by the
      method of potentiometric titration. All enumerated salts are established to be
      strong reversible inhibitors of mixed-type cholinesterases, that is testified by
      small values of the inhibitory constants: competitive Ki, noncompetitive K'i and
      generalized K epsilon. Pyrilium and selenopyrilium salts inhibit acetyl
      cholinesterase of human blood erythrocytes to a higher extent than butyryl
      cholinesterase of horse blood serum, and thiopyrilium salts inhibit the latter to
      the highest extent. By the value of the inhibitory effect on acetyl
      cholinesterase of human blood erythrocytes thiopyrilium salts exceed the
      analogous pyrilium salts, whereas in experiments with butyl cholinesterase of
      horse blood serum there is an opposite dependence.

PMID- 3394174
TI  - [Inhibition of Na+-Ca2+-exchange and superoxide dismutase activity of copper
      containing cryptand complexes].
AB  - It is shown that cryptand complexes containing copper inhibit sodium-calcium
      exchange in sarcolemma of cardiomyocytes. The complexes studied exhibit the
      superoxide dismutase activity. The binding of copper ions by cryptand prevents
      the development of cariotoxic effects of the former. Low toxicity, the combined
      superoxide activity and that inhibiting sodium-calcium exchange of cryptand
      complexes with copper (II) ions makes the further search for cardioprotective
      compounds perspective within the series of cryptand copper complexes.

PMID- 3394175
TI  - [Interaction of aldolase A with lecithin liposomes].
AB  - The aldolase A binding to the lecithin liposomes (Kd = 2.4 +/- 0.1 X 10(-3) M)
      has been shown by the fluorescence and tryptophan phosphorescence at the room
      temperature. The interaction is accompanied by an increase in the phospholipid
      bilayer microviscosity, and some conformational changes in the hydrophobic part
      of the enzyme, pronouncing themselves in Trp-147 environment rigidity, decrease.
      The observation of membrane viscosity vs. incubation time revealed practically
      instant enzyme-membrane interaction and no gradual incorporation. The
      accessibility of the NAD-binding domain of aldolase for NADH in the liposome
      presence remains unaltered.

PMID- 3394176
TI  - [Isolation of immunoglobulin G-binding factor from blood lymphocytes of cows with
      lymphocytic leukemia].
AB  - Incubation of bovine blood lymphocytes in the medium without serum at 37 degrees
      C caused the spontaneous release of immunoglobulin G-binding factor (IBF-IgG),
      which was isolated from the medium by the affinity chromatography on IgG,
      immobilized on sepharose 4B. The electrophoretic analysis showed one polypeptide
      chain with a molecular weight of 72000 Dalton. The biological activity of IBF-IgG
      was tested using the EA-rosette inhibition technique. The antibodies, obtained
      against IBF-IgG, inhibited both the binding of fluoresceinizotiocianate-labeled
      IgG to lymphocytes and the EA-rosette formation.

PMID- 3394177
TI  - [Isoelectric spectra and peptide maps of major electrophoretically homogeneous
      fractions of duck hemoglobin].
AB  - Differences are shown in isoelectrical spectra and peptides sets of two main
      electrophoretically homogeneous fractions of domesticated duck hemoglobin. The
      hemoglobin fractions under study are characterized by the same affinity to
      molecular oxygen.

PMID- 3394178
TI  - [Effect of carbonic acid on glutamate dehydrogenase interaction with NADH].
AB  - The method of fluorescent titration was used to study the effect of carbonic acid
      on the process of NADH binding with the purified preparation of glutamate
      dehydrogenase as well as on fluorescent properties of the above mentioned
      coenzyme. It is shown that in bicarbonate buffer at the alkaline values of pH
      there is a decrease in the maximal capacity of the binding sites of the enzyme
      with low affinity to co-enzyme. The capacity of high-affinity binding sites in
      this case is unchanged. It is found that pCO2, HCO3- and H+ exert an effect on
      the dissociation constants of the NADH-glutamate dehydrogenase complex as well as
      on fluorescent properties of bound NADH. It is supposed that the effects observed
      are a result of the interaction of dissolved carbon dioxide with free amino
      groups of protein molecule.

PMID- 3394179
TI  - [Metabolism of prostaglandins in the rat liver during ethanol withdrawal].
AB  - The 9-month intake of a 5% ethanol solution as a source of fluid resulted in the
      essential fatty acid deficiency, a decrease in the prostaglandins E and F2 alpha
      level and in the activities of the corresponding prostaglandin synthetases and
      linoleyl-CoA desaturases in the rat liver. Eight days after ethanol withdrawal
      the indices of prostaglandin metabolism become normal, whereas the arachidonic
      acid concentration and the linoleyl-CoA desaturase activity increase.

PMID- 3394180
TI  - [Spectrum properties of steroid hormones, sapogenins and alkaloids in the Chugaev
      reaction: effect of the structure].
AB  - Spectral characteristics of the products of the Chugaev reaction with steroid
      hormones, sapogenins and alkaloids are analyzed by spectrophotometry and
      fluorescent spectroscopy. They are established to be dependent on a degree of
      nonsaturation, position of double bonds, nature and position of substitutes in
      the molecule structure. The reaction is shown possible to be used for
      quantitative determination of a number of steroids. The fluorescent spectroscopy
      application essentially increases sensitivity of the method.

PMID- 3394181
TI  - The use of computed tomography in the diagnosis of carcinoma of the renal pelvis
      causing ureteropelvic junction obstruction.
AB  - The computed tomographic (CT) appearance of 5 cases of primary malignancy of the
      renal pelvis causing ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction is presented. The
      tumors appeared as enhancing thickened, nodular, and crescentic masses at the
      UPJ. Comparison is made to the thin, regular wall of the hydronephrotic pelvis
      caused by congenital UPJ obstruction. Differentiation from other causes of UPJ
      obstruction by CT is discussed. A CT scan is particularly valuable when the cause
      of UPJ obstruction remains elusive after urography and pyelography.

PMID- 3394182
TI  - CT visualization of medullary sponge kidney.
AB  - Recognizing the changes of medullary sponge kidney (MSK) on computed tomographic
      (CT) scans may be of value in both diagnosis and in differentiating this from
      other disease states. The appearance on CT of MSK has not previously been well
      described. A case is reported that demonstrates ectatic renal collecting tubules
      visualized by CT, and techniques are suggested to optimize visualization of these
      changes.

PMID- 3394183
TI  - Spontaneous gas formation in a sterile renal cell carcinoma.
AB  - Sterile gas formation is a common sequela of therapeutic transcatheter
      embolization of tumors. We report a patient who spontaneously developed gas
      collections within an uninfected renal cell carcinoma with a computed tomographic
      appearance very similar to that seen following embolization. Possible mechanisms
      for sterile gas formation are discussed.

PMID- 3394184
TI  - Primary lymphoma of the bladder.
AB  - A case of primary lymphoma of the bladder is presented with a review of the
      literature. A brief discussion of secondary involvement of the bladder by
      lymphoma is included.

PMID- 3394185
TI  - Bladder infarct.
AB  - We present here a case of a bladder infarct as a complication of aortofemoral
      bypass surgery. An intravenous urogram 6 weeks after surgery showed reduced
      expansion on the left side of the bladder and a sausage-shaped filling defect at
      the site of the infarct. The diagnosis was made by histologic examination of
      bladder wall biopsies.

PMID- 3394187
TI  - Unusual fistulae between the rectum and the lower urinary tract: simple
      techniques for diagnosis.
AB  - This paper presents two unusual fistulae between the rectum and the lower urinary
      tract in adults, one a posttraumatic fistula following dilatation of a sigmoid
      colon stricture and the other a congenital anomaly. In both cases a contrast
      enema was negative; in one case a voiding cystourethrogram was negative. The
      fistula was demonstrated in case 1 by repeating the enema and having the patient
      raise his intraabdominal pressure, and in case 2 by having the patient hold while
      attempting to pass flatus during a cystogram, which demonstrated gas bubbles
      entering the bladder.

PMID- 3394186
TI  - Appendicitis with bladder involvement: CT appearance.
AB  - A case of appendicitis presenting with microscopic hematuria and a suprapubic
      mass involving the bladder is described. Computed tomography (CT) is a valuable
      aid in the diagnosis of atypical or otherwise unsuspected appendicitis. Besides
      first suggesting the diagnosis of appendicitis, CT was also able to demonstrate
      the full extent of the inflammatory process preoperatively in this case.

PMID- 3394188
TI  - Solitary or predominantly right-sided varicocele: a possible sign of situs
      inversus.
AB  - Among more than 850 patients undergoing outpatient sclerotherapy of the internal
      spermatic vein, only 1 unilateral and 1 predominantly right-sided varicocele were
      encountered. In both patients with this finding a total situs inversus was
      present, with inversion of normal anatomy, enlarged "right" internal spermatic
      vein draining into the renal vein, and the "left" internal spermatic vein
      entering the inferior vena cava directly. Total situs inversus should be
      considered whenever right-sided varicocele is solitary or predominant.

PMID- 3394189
TI  - Scrotal cystocele diagnosed by computed tomography.
AB  - Computed tomographic scans of the pelvis that demonstrate anterolateral
      "pointing" of the urinary bladder suggest the possibility of inguinoscrotal
      herniation (scrotal "cystocele"), a rare but clinically relevant condition if it
      is not recognized preoperatively.

PMID- 3394190
TI  - [Clinical significance of immunological indices in vascular pathology of the
      optic nerve].

PMID- 3394191
TI  - [Intraocular correction of high-degree myopia].

PMID- 3394192
TI  - [Optical acuity from different distances in patients with artiphakia].

PMID- 3394193
TI  - [Clinical results of the combined treatment (vitrectomy + laser coagulation) of
      macular edema following cataract extraction].

PMID- 3394194
TI  - [Eye function in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy following
      closed vitrectomy].

PMID- 3394195
TI  - [Treatment results in penetrating eye wounds in children].

PMID- 3394196
TI  - [Drug action on ocular hemodynamics following scleroplasty in myopia in
      children].

PMID- 3394197
TI  - [Joint work experience of research institutes with the public health institutions
      of Moscow].

PMID- 3394198
TI  - [Clinical classification of congenital glaucoma (hydrophthalmos) in children].

PMID- 3394199
TI  - [Transscleral contact laser coagulation of the ciliary body and its potential use
      in glaucoma].

PMID- 3394200
TI  - [Laser radiation: its action on drug distribution in ocular tissue (experimental
      research). (2)].

PMID- 3394201
TI  - [Evaluation of the therapeutic action of nigeksin in progressive myopia in
      children].

PMID- 3394202
TI  - [Use of calcitonin in progressive myopia].

PMID- 3394205
TI  - [Experience in the optical correction of keratoconus using a combination of
      contact lenses].

PMID- 3394203
TI  - [Phosphaden in diabetic retinopathy].

PMID- 3394204
TI  - [The phenomenon of the sinking in of the temporal half of the optic disk in the
      diagnosis of glaucomatous atrophy].

PMID- 3394206
TI  - [A new clinical method for diagnosing the location and extent of involvement of
      the drainage structures in primary glaucoma].

PMID- 3394207
TI  - [An ophthalmoscopic method of determining the squint angle].

PMID- 3394208
TI  - [A case of onchocerciasis].

PMID- 3394209
TI  - [A case of filariasis of the sclera].

PMID- 3394210
TI  - [A case of ocular thelaziasis in a 3-year-old child].

PMID- 3394211
TI  - [Associated herpes virus-bacterial infection of the eye].

PMID- 3394213
TI  - Comparison of histology and clinical variables to DNA ploidy in canine mammary
      tumors.
AB  - Flow cytometric DNA analysis was done on 132 canine mammary tumors from 99 dogs
      to evaluate the relation to histology and to clinical staging. Seventy-one tumors
      (54%) were histologically malignant; 38 (54%) of these were aneuploid and 33
      (46%) were diploid. Fifty-two (39%) tumors were histologically benign, of which
      45 (87%) were diploid and seven (13%) aneuploid. There were nine dysplastic
      mammae (7%); two were aneuploid and the rest diploid. DNA indices varied from
      0.72 to 2.35. Of 58 mammary carcinomas, 25 (43%) were diploid and 33 (57%) were
      aneuploid (of the latter, 16 showed hypodiploidy and 17 hyperdiploidy with a
      predominance between DNA index 1.10 and 1.50). Three tumors (two carcinomas and
      one malignant mixed tumor) were multiploid with two aneuploid cell populations.
      The histological type varied within eight tumors, and in four of these the DNA
      index also varied. DNA indices varied within three tumors with uniform
      morphology. No correlation was found between DNA index and age of the dogs, nor
      between DNA index and tumor size. No significant differences were found between
      DNA index and histology, tumor growth pattern, or tumor location. Benign tumors
      were smaller than carcinomas, which were smaller than malignant mesenchymal
      tumors. Tumors growing adherent to the skin were larger than those not adherent
      to the skin. The regional lymph nodes were examined in 33 cases. No significant
      difference between the mean DNA index and presence of lymph node metastasis was
      found. These results show the possibility of using flow cytometry for DNA
      analysis in canine mammary tumors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3394214
TI  - Pulmonary silicosis in captive ring-necked pheasants: definitive diagnosis by
      electron probe X-ray microanalysis.

PMID- 3394212
TI  - Cephalosporin-induced changes in the ultrastructure of canine bone marrow.
AB  - Fourteen healthy dogs were given 540 to 840 mg/kg of cefazedone (Refosporen)
      intravenously for up to 4 months or until peripheral blood cell count were
      depressed. Within 6 to 10 weeks treated dogs developed pancytopenia (5/14),
      thrombocytopenia (11/14), moderate to severe neutropenia (8/14), and/or
      normocytic anemia with erythroblastemia (8/14). Ultrastructural changes in bone
      marrow of severely cytopenic dogs included mitochondrial damage in hematopoietic
      and nonhematopoietic cells, thickening of endosteal bone lining layers, increased
      adventitial coverage of vascular sinuses, and an increased number of active
      macrophages. Swollen, ruptured mitochondria were in erythroid, granulocytic, and
      megakaryocytic cells, and, to a lesser extent, in macrophages, reticular
      endothelial, and bone lining cells. Maturation arrest was evident in both
      erythroid and granulocytic cell lines. There was also evidence of ineffective
      erythropoiesis and granulopoiesis. None of these changes were observed in bone
      marrow of controls, treated dogs that did not develop cytopenia, or dogs allowed
      to recover after cessation of dosing.

PMID- 3394215
TI  - Esophageal gongylonemiasis in cattle.

PMID- 3394216
TI  - Evaluation of carbonated formalin as a fixative for lung biopsy specimens
      processed for routine histopathology.

PMID- 3394218
TI  - Reactions to equine 'flu vaccination.

PMID- 3394217
TI  - Filamentous bacteria in oral eosinophilic granulomas of a cat.

PMID- 3394219
TI  - Studies of parvovirus vaccination in the dog: the performance of live attenuated
      feline parvovirus vaccines.
AB  - The performance of three live attenuated feline parvovirus vaccines licensed for
      use in the dog was studied. At the end of the primary vaccination course 67 per
      cent of dogs had inadequate antibody levels (less than or equal to 32) as
      measured by a haemagglutination inhibition test. Interference by maternal
      antibody accounted for some of the failures but the fact that there was no
      significant difference in performance between dogs vaccinated at 12 weeks or 16
      weeks of age indicated that maternal antibody was not the only factor.

PMID- 3394220
TI  - Rickets associated with vitamin D deficiency in young sheep.
AB  - An outbreak of rickets in sheep under a year old (hoggs) appeared clinically as
      stiffness and rotation of the carpal joints. Histological studies confirmed the
      diagnosis and biochemical analyses of blood demonstrated a primary vitamin D
      deficiency.

PMID- 3394221
TI  - Classical swine fever: virulence and tissue distribution of a 1986 English
      isolate in pigs.
AB  - Following the recurrence of classical swine fever in the United Kingdom in 1986,
      a virus isolated from a single outbreak was studied. A major factor in the spread
      of this disease is considered to be the presence of infectious virus in tissues
      taken from animals at certain stages of infection, although their condition may
      escape detection by routine inspection either before or after slaughter.
      Intranasal inoculation of the isolate into eight-week-old pigs reproduced the
      acute form of the disease. The pigs were killed or died between seven and 25 days
      after inoculation. The virus concentration was determined in a wide range of
      tissues taken at different stages of infection. Infectious virus was present at
      high concentrations in all the tissues taken and at all stages of infection. Any
      porcine tissue is therefore a potential source of infection even when it is taken
      either before the animal displays detectable signs of disease of after it
      develops serum neutralising antibodies.

PMID- 3394222
TI  - Potentiated sulphaquinoxaline used as 'strategic medication' for broiler poultry.

PMID- 3394223
TI  - Adverse reactions to equine vaccinations: a preliminary survey.

PMID- 3394224
TI  - Stunning of chickens.

PMID- 3394225
TI  - Anthelmintic strategy.

PMID- 3394226
TI  - Advising on inherited diseases.

PMID- 3394227
TI  - Oral obstruction in a goldfish.

PMID- 3394228
TI  - The Wildy report, and after.

PMID- 3394229
TI  - Seroprevalence of leptospiral antibodies in the Jamaican livestock population.

PMID- 3394230
TI  - Protecting your business.

PMID- 3394231
TI  - Canine epilepsy.

PMID- 3394232
TI  - Incorrect veterinary certification.

PMID- 3394233
TI  - Significance of antibody to avian paramyxovirus 3 in chickens.

PMID- 3394234
TI  - Tortoise expertise.

PMID- 3394235
TI  - Supplementary biotin for sows: effect on claw integrity.
AB  - Eighty female pigs were fed, from 25 kg liveweight, either basal diets calculated
      to provide 32 micrograms available biotin/kg (control diet) or basal diets
      supplemented with 350 micrograms biotin/kg. Their claws were examined and lesions
      recorded at 170 days of age and when each of their first four litters was weaned.
      The incidence of horn 'defects' (superficial bruises, abrasions and cuts in the
      soft heel) remained at a low level throughout the trial. Neither the number of
      claws affected with lesions nor the number of lesions per sow differed between
      treatments at 170 days of age. Between 170 days of age and first weaning the
      incidence of hoof lesions increased greatly. At first weaning and for the
      remainder of the trial biotin supplemented sows had significantly fewer claw
      lesions per sow than controls (P less than 0.05 or greater). The predominant
      injuries to the foot were cracks which occurred mainly in two associated regions,
      the heel/toe junction and the heel, and the sidewall and adjacent white-line
      region of the toe. The differences in foot damage did not result in differences
      in culling rate. It was concluded that supplemention of the diet of breeding sows
      with biotin from an early stage of development made a significant contribution to
      the maintenance of their horn integrity.

PMID- 3394236
TI  - Incidence of indurative lymphocytic mastitis in a flock of sheep infected with
      maedi-visna virus.
AB  - Sheep in a flock in which 88 per cent of the ewes had antibodies to maedi-visna
      virus were clinically examined for udder induration during lactation and after
      drying off. On both occasions about half of the ewes had indurated udders.
      Histological examination revealed lymphocytic mastitis associated with maedi
      visna virus infection, in the udders of six of 25 hoggs (24 per cent), 21 of 39
      shearlings (53.8 per cent) and 42 of 67 ewes (62.7 per cent). Distinct lung
      lesions were found in 8 per cent of the hoggs, 12.5 per cent of the shearlings
      and 10 per cent of the ewes. The results of a clinical examination of dry udders
      were correlated with the histological findings.

PMID- 3394237
TI  - Non-endothelial primary splenic sarcomas in two dogs.

PMID- 3394238
TI  - Intratracheal antibiotic treatment.

PMID- 3394239
TI  - Effect of ivermectin on the reproductive potential of Cooperia curticei.

PMID- 3394240
TI  - Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: time to take scrapie seriously.

PMID- 3394241
TI  - Optimum time for neutering.

PMID- 3394242
TI  - Treatment of nasal aspergillosis in the dog.

PMID- 3394243
TI  - Obesity and cancer.

PMID- 3394245
TI  - BVA's evidence to the Riley review.

PMID- 3394244
TI  - Controlling breeding in exotic animals.

PMID- 3394246
TI  - Vaginal rupture associated with herniation of abdominal viscera in pregnant ewes.
AB  - Seventeen cases of vaginal rupture with herniation of abdominal organs were
      examined. The injury consisted of a dorsal tear in the vagina and, most
      frequently, evisceration of the bowel. The tear was accompanied by extensive
      vaginal bleeding. Serum calcium concentrations were low in the affected cases and
      the concentrations of beta-hydroxybutyric acid and urea were high. The average
      age of the affected ewes was four years (range 3 to 6). They were generally in
      poor condition and carrying more than one fetus (2.7 lambs per ewe) although
      younger ewes and ewes in good condition were also affected. No primiparous ewes
      were affected. Ten of the 17 ewes were found dead and six were humanely
      destroyed; in one, the injury was repaired surgically but the ewe died 48 hours
      later.

PMID- 3394247
TI  - 131I in the thyroid glands of sheep from Wales and south-west England after the
      Chernobyl accident.
AB  - Radioactive material from the Chernobyl reactor was deposited over the United
      Kingdom between May 2 and May 4, 1986. In this report, the 131I content of ovine
      thyroid glands, collected from seven abattoirs in Wales and south-west England is
      used to monitor the geographical distribution of the contamination. The results
      indicate that there was considerable local variation in the degree of
      contamination and suggest that, in addition to the major areas of contamination,
      deposition of high levels of radioactive material also occurred in isolated areas
      in the south-west of England. These observations confirm the value of monitoring
      131I in the thyroid glands of grazing ruminants as a sensitive index of
      environmental contamination with the products of nuclear fission.

PMID- 3394248
TI  - Red foot disease in Welsh mountain lambs.

PMID- 3394249
TI  - Covering your losses.

PMID- 3394251
TI  - Survival surgery.

PMID- 3394250
TI  - Pet registration.

PMID- 3394252
TI  - Rectal prolapse in a foaling mare.

PMID- 3394253
TI  - Skin eruptions in ked infected sheep.

PMID- 3394254
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies to human antigens recognise feline myeloid cells.
AB  - Immunological techniques have been used to study the expression of a series of
      cell surface antigens in cat haemopoietic tissues. Forty-two monoclonal
      antibodies raised against well-defined antigens of human origin were tested by
      indirect immunofluorescence on feline blood, bone marrow, spleen and thymus.
      Myeloid cells from all tissues reacted with antibodies to CD9, CD10 and CD18
      antigens. No antibodies specific for T or B lymphocytes were found to react with
      cat lymphoid cells. Osteoclasts, isolated from juvenile bone marrow, were found
      to express the 23C6 human osteoclast-specific antigen. The potential use of such
      antibodies in experimental and diagnostic veterinary haematology are discussed.

PMID- 3394255
TI  - Lymphocyte localization in lymph nodes of swine: changes induced by lactation.
AB  - Localization patterns of lymphocytes taken from mammary, ileal mesenteric, or
      prefemoral lymph nodes of pubescent or lactating swine were examined. Lymphocyte
      suspensions were prepared from surgically excised lymph nodes, labeled with
      51chromium, and infused back into the donors. Eighteen hours later, pigs were
      killed, and lymph nodes from six different regions examined for radiolabel. The
      greatest concentrations of labeled cells were consistently recovered from
      mesenteric and bronchial lymph nodes, with lesser concentrations recovered from
      mammary and peripheral nodes. This occurred regardless of origin of the infused
      cells, and in both pubescent and lactating pigs. Although localization patterns
      were similar, the total recovery of infused mammary node cells in the six nodes
      examined was consistently higher in lactating than in pubescent pigs. In
      contrast, recovery of infused mesenteric node cells was lower in lactating than
      in pubescent pigs.

PMID- 3394256
TI  - Immune responses of trypanoresistant and trypanosusceptible cattle after cyclic
      infection with Trypanosoma congolense.
AB  - To study the mechanisms by which certain West African taurine cattle are able to
      resist trypanosomiasis, the disease course and several immune parameters were
      examined in eleven Baoule and five Zebu cattle after infection with tsetse
      transmitted T. congolense (clone 1180 of stock Serengeti/71/STIB/212). All
      animals showed a similar onset of parasitemia but subsequently a continuum of
      disease was observed ranging from four Baoule which were mildly susceptible
      (controlled parasitemia by week 10 post-infection and had little anemia) to two
      Baoule and two Zebu which were highly susceptible (unable to control parasitemia,
      severe anemia leading to death or drug treatment in extremis). The remaining five
      Baoule and three Zebu showed intermediate susceptibility. Although the most
      resistant animals were of the Baoule breed, there was a spectrum of
      susceptibility which crossed the two breeds. Neutralizing antibody to metacyclic
      trypanosome antigens was detectable by day 18 in four of the mildly susceptible
      and three of the highly susceptible individuals but such antibodies were delayed
      in the remaining one severely susceptible animal. Neutralizing antibodies to
      antigenic variants of the first peak of blood trypanosomes were of significantly
      higher titre and appeared earlier in the four mildly susceptible as opposed to
      the highly susceptible animals. No differences in lymphocyte in vitro mitogen
      responses were observed in these animals except shortly before death in those
      severely affected. In vitro lymphocyte responses to allogeneic cells did appear
      to correlate with disease severity, in that animals with mild disease showed
      little immunosuppression of this response whilst in severely affected individuals
      the response was almost ablated.

PMID- 3394258
TI  - [Mucormycosis in hematologic diseases].

PMID- 3394257
TI  - [Results of the cytogenetic examination of 54 patients with polycythemia vera].

PMID- 3394259
TI  - [Purulent thyroiditis].

PMID- 3394260
TI  - [Chronic mitral regurgitation: when is surgery indicated?].

PMID- 3394262
TI  - [The HbsAg/IgM complex in chronic hepatitis B].

PMID- 3394261
TI  - [Treatment of recently developed atrial fibrillation using a combination of
      Kinilentin and Isoptin].

PMID- 3394264
TI  - [Refractory anemia with t(1;7) (p11:p11)].

PMID- 3394265
TI  - [Mexico, the Mexicans and their National Cardiology Institute].

PMID- 3394263
TI  - [Methylprednisolone pulse therapy in active polymyositis/dermatomyositis].

PMID- 3394266
TI  - [A method of diagnosing malignant neoplasms based on the natural fluorescence of
      the blood serum in the ultraviolet and visible regions of the spectrum].
AB  - The paper discusses a physico-chemical method for cancer diagnosis by evaluating
      fluorescence intensity of blood serum in ultraviolet and visible spectra excited
      by 313-317 nm wavelength monochromatic light. The procedure elicited as much
      diagnostic evidence as blood-CEA level determination but proved much cheaper,
      more time-saving and causing less discomfort to the patient. The reliability,
      sensitivity and specificity of the method in diagnosis of tumors of various
      histogenesis and site are discussed.

PMID- 3394267
TI  - [Localized and disseminated intravascular coagulation of the blood in cancer of
      the lung].
AB  - Elective procedures of fibrin identification were employed to study morphological
      signs of hemostatic disorders in the material obtained from 20 autopsies for lung
      cancer. Five types of disseminated intravascular coagulation were identified on
      the basis of literature data and the authors' findings. The local intravascular
      coagulation syndrome was found to be confined to a single vascular region.

PMID- 3394268
TI  - [Mitotic regime of benign and malignant tumors of the trophoblast].
AB  - Mitotic regimen was studied in 52 choriocarcinomas and 45 hydatidiform moles. A
      clear-cut correlation between the rate of proliferation and degree of hyperplasia
      of the trophoblast was established for hydatidiform mole. Choriocarcinoma
      revealed higher values for mitotic index, incidence of pathologic mitoses and the
      profile of abnormal cell division patterns. Higher mitotic index and incidence of
      pathologic mitoses in cases of choriocarcinoma were associated with less
      favorable clinical course of the disease. The presence of villi ruled out the
      diagnosis of choriocarcinoma.

PMID- 3394270
TI  - [Histogenesis of neurinomas induced in rats by nitrosoethylurea].
AB  - Twenty-five tumors of the peripheral nerves induced in BD rats by N
      nitrosoethylurea were studied by peroxidase-antiperoxidase method using specific
      anti-serum against protein S-100. Eighteen tumors gave positive reactions for S
      100 protein, including those with invasive growth. Protein S-100 was always
      present in cystic neurinomas. No protein was found in seven tumors. It is
      concluded that most tumors studied originated from Schwann cells, while at least
      some of them had a connection with the peri(endo)neurium.

PMID- 3394269
TI  - [Pharmacokinetics of nitrosomethylurea in oncologic patients].
AB  - Kinetics of blood-nitrosomethylurea (NMU) was studied in 68 patients with lung
      cancer, malignant melanoma and lymphoma who had received NMU-based combination
      chemotherapy. The results were used for computing main pharmacokinetic parameters
      such as logarithm of calculated initial concentration, time of half-elimination
      from blood, area under the kinetic curve of concentration, volume of distribution
      in the body and clearance. All those values were shown to significantly differ
      with individual patients. A longer retention of the drug in blood flow (as
      evidenced by increased time of half-elimination and area under kinetic curve
      matched by decreased volume of distribution and clearance) was registered in
      responders than in non-responders, the difference sometimes reaching statistical
      significance.

PMID- 3394271
TI  - [Prevention and treatment of early radiation reactions of the urinary bladder in
      patients with cancer of the cervix and corpus uteri].
AB  - The report discusses early-onset radiation injuries in the urinary bladder of
      more than 1000 patients with cancer of the cervix and corpus uteri. Clinical
      symptoms of such injuries were observed in 487 patients (44.3%). In 47 (10%), the
      lesions were pronounced. The degree of radiation-induced cystitis was evaluated
      on a 6-point scale used by WHO classification (1982). Said lesions mainly
      occurred at stage III of tumor and predominantly in cases of cancer of the corpus
      uteri. Complications development was stimulated by vascular lesions, diabetes
      mellitus and inflammatory processes in pelvic organs. Radiation injuries were
      treated by standard procedures as well as with immobilised trypsin administered
      in a cellulose powder vehicle. This method proved the most effective. Since
      patients suffering early-onset radiation-induced destructive injuries are at high
      risk of further exacerbation at later stages, they should be followed-up closely.

PMID- 3394272
TI  - [Diagnosis of ulcerous early cancer of the stomach].
AB  - Early cancer of the stomach most frequently presents as an ulcer. The latter
      lesions were observed in 107 out of 138 (77.5%) patients with different types of
      early gastric cancer. Ulcers were correctly diagnosed by standard methods of X
      ray examination in 90.6% of cases, while by endoscopy-in nearly 100%. However,
      malignant transformation of ulcer was reliably established by the said procedures
      in as low as 9.1 and 22.2%, respectively. The nature of ulcer was identified by
      histo-cytologic examination of bioptate which confirmed the diagnosis of
      ulcerated early cancer in 94.4%. Failure to detect cancer makes the case for
      repeat (at least 3) biopsies. Cases of cancer-negative ulcer should be followed
      up.

PMID- 3394273
TI  - [Reasons for repeat operations in patients with tumors of the ovaries].
AB  - The paper deals with the analysis of reasons for repeat surgery in 242 patients
      who had undergone sparing operations on the inner genitals for tumors of various
      origin. In 121, sparing surgery had been performed for benign tumor of the ovary
      whereas in 70--for underdiagnosed malignancy. At the time of the first operation,
      55 patients were more than 45 years of age; 33 of them subsequently died of
      advanced ovarian cancer. Out of 187 cases who had been operated on at younger
      age, 37.9% subsequently underwent surgery for malignant tumor of the second
      ovary. The origin and histological pattern of ovarian tumor should be considered
      when choosing the extent of surgery. Cases of sparing surgery for ovarian tumors
      should be followed-up.

PMID- 3394274
TI  - [Right-sided hemicolectomy with resection of the ureter and its plastic surgery
      using a segment of the small intestine in a child with lymphosarcoma].

PMID- 3394275
TI  - [Seminoma of both testicles].

PMID- 3394276
TI  - [A Brenner tumor in combination with adenocarcinoma of the endometrium (case
      report)].

PMID- 3394277
TI  - [Use of tumor cells modified with concanavalin A for immunotherapy of
      transplantable lymphoma].

PMID- 3394278
TI  - [Epidemiology and prevention of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)].

PMID- 3394279
TI  - [Antiviral antibodies in the blood serum and tubular reticular structures in
      kidney biopsies in patients with glomerulonephritis].

PMID- 3394281
TI  - [Reproductive function of female hothouse workers].

PMID- 3394280
TI  - [Clinical aspects of prognosis in alcoholic delirium].

PMID- 3394282
TI  - [Hemodynamics in electric welders with chronic bronchitis and pneumoconiosis].

PMID- 3394283
TI  - [Diagnosis of toxoplasmosis lymphadenitis].

PMID- 3394284
TI  - [Centralized sterilization of the medical instrumentarium in preventing hepatitis
      B].

PMID- 3394285
TI  - [Work experience of the Psychotherapy Office in the clinic of the Research
      Institute of Gastroenterology].

PMID- 3394286
TI  - [Effectiveness of the phonophoresis of solcoseryl ointment in the combined
      treatment of peptic ulcer].

PMID- 3394288
TI  - [Bioenergetics indices in chronic primary gastroduodenitis].

PMID- 3394289
TI  - [Device for research on pressure in the digestive canal and on its motoricity].

PMID- 3394287
TI  - [Diagnosis of gastroesophageal and duodenogastric reflux in patients with peptic
      ulcer based on pH, balloon probe and tensiographic data].

PMID- 3394291
TI  - [Characteristics of the course of peptic ulcer associated with chronic ischemic
      heart disease].

PMID- 3394290
TI  - [Abdominal ischemia syndrome in atherosclerosis of the aorta and its branches].

PMID- 3394292
TI  - [Correction of hemodynamic and metabolic disorders in patients with ischemic
      heart disease].

PMID- 3394293
TI  - [Effect of fenicaberan and xavin on peripheral hemodynamic and blood
      coagulability indices in patients with chronic ischemic heart disease].

PMID- 3394294
TI  - [Structural bases for the processes of adaptation and compensation in the
      myocardium in chronic ischemic heart disease].

PMID- 3394295
TI  - [Effect of finoptin on cerebrocardiac correlations in atherosclerotic circulatory
      encephalopathy in patients with ischemic heart disease].

PMID- 3394296
TI  - [Functional activity of the thyroid in patients with acute myocardial infarct].

PMID- 3394298
TI  - [Importance of precordial mapping in the prognosis of the course of unstable
      stenocardia].

PMID- 3394297
TI  - [Effectiveness of obzidan in patients with a history of myocardial infarct].

PMID- 3394299
TI  - [Incidence of ischemic heart disease and arterial hypertension at an industrial
      plant].

PMID- 3394300
TI  - [Information value of the physical work capacity indices of patients with
      hypertension and sinus node involvement].

PMID- 3394302
TI  - [The role of dynamic cerebrospinal fluid disorders in the development of
      hypertensive encephalopathy].

PMID- 3394301
TI  - [Diagnostic potentials of bicycle ergometry in detecting hypertension at an early
      preclinical stage].

PMID- 3394303
TI  - [Humoral immunity indices of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and
      rheumatism].

PMID- 3394305
TI  - [Blood microcirculatory function of older patients with initial and pronounced
      forms of circulatory encephalopathy].

PMID- 3394304
TI  - [Clinical criteria of alcoholic myocardiodystrophy].

PMID- 3394306
TI  - [Superior vena cava syndrome].

PMID- 3394307
TI  - [Passive smoking and the ventilatory function of the lungs].

PMID- 3394308
TI  - [A case of intrapulmonary sequestration].

PMID- 3394309
TI  - [A case of lung sequestration].

PMID- 3394310
TI  - [Diagnosis of chronic bronchitis].

PMID- 3394311
TI  - [Changes in pulmonary surfactants of patients with chronic bronchitis].

PMID- 3394312
TI  - [Rectal function in patients with chronic constipation].

PMID- 3394313
TI  - [Erythrocyte participation in catecholamine deposition and transport in the
      bronchial obstruction syndrome].

PMID- 3394314
TI  - [Methodological characteristics of the automated functional assessment of
      respiration and hemodynamics].

PMID- 3394315
TI  - Reconciling paradigm assumptions of qualitative and quantitative research.

PMID- 3394316
TI  - Qualitative modes of inquiry.

PMID- 3394318
TI  - Issues in qualitative research on sensitive topics.

PMID- 3394317
TI  - Ethical considerations in qualitative research.

PMID- 3394319
TI  - Intensive interviewing with children and adolescents.

PMID- 3394321
TI  - Computer use and nursing research. Personal computers and qualitative data
      analysis.

PMID- 3394320
TI  - Managing and analyzing qualitative data. A description of tasks, techniques, and
      materials.

PMID- 3394322
TI  - Strategies for teaching nursing research. Review of "Strategies for teaching
      nursing research," 1979-1986.

PMID- 3394324
TI  - [Smoking and health].
AB  - Epidemiological investigations have shown, that cigarette smoking is associated
      with an excess risk of premature death in the industrialized countries. Cigarette
      smoking is being exported in the Third World and kills there not only people, but
      also destroys the environment. Cigarette smoking increases the carcinogenicity
      and causes diseases of many organs.

PMID- 3394323
TI  - Research in cultural diversity. Qualitative methods in cultural research.

PMID- 3394325
TI  - [Smoking and coronary heart disease].
AB  - The importance of risk factors in the development of coronary heart disease was
      established in many studies. Elevated serum cholesterol, hypertension and
      cigarette smoking are the major factors beside age and sex. Independent from
      serum cholesterol and hypertension the average risk for the development of
      coronary heart disease in cigarette smoking men is one and a half of non smokers.
      In order of the importance of coronary heart disease for morbidity and mortality
      in Austria and the knowledge about the risk factors this disease is especially
      suitable for prophylaxis.

PMID- 3394326
TI  - [Nicotine and the gastrointestinal tract].
AB  - Reflux esophagitis occurs much more often in smokers because of reduction of
      saliva production and lessened tonus of the LES (lower esophageal sphincter).
      Duodenal ulcers heal during H2-blocking agents in smokers slower than during
      placebo-therapy in non smokers. Mortality of duodenal ulcer in smokers is 2 to 7
      times increased.

PMID- 3394327
TI  - [Smoking from the viewpoint of the surgeon].
AB  - There is a causal relationship between smoking and the development of lung
      cancer, coronary heart disease, peripheral occlusion disease and cerebral
      thromboembolic complications. Lobectomy, pneumonectomy or palliative measurements
      are necessary in the treatment of lung-cancer. Transluminal dilatation with a
      balloon catheter and vascular surgery may be effective in removing of isolated
      stenoses or artery occlusions.

PMID- 3394328
TI  - [Smoking and pregnancy].
AB  - Smoking is associated with risks for complications of pregnancy, for negative
      effects of fetal outcome (birth weight, mental development), with delayed
      conception, with higher risks for cardiovascular disease at oral contraceptive
      use and for cancer of cervix uteri.

PMID- 3394329
TI  - [Smoking in childhood and adolescence].
AB  - Well documented reports point out, that most children smoking their first
      cigarette are younger than 15 years of age. Smoking habits are usually fixed till
      age 20. Withdrawal treatment shows a bad prognosis and a great number of
      relapses. Therefore preventive measures must start early at school and should
      include all social environmental factors.

PMID- 3394330
TI  - [Report of experiences of a demoscopic survey of a 5-day therapy group for the
      cessation of smoking].
AB  - A 5 days group therapy (2 hours daily) for smoking cessation is presented. Based
      on the examination of 221 participants the efficiency of this group therapy was
      between 70 and 80% at the end of the treatment. The long-term follow-up
      efficiency was about 40%. Therefore this kind of therapy is effective for smoking
      cessation.

PMID- 3394331
TI  - [Preventive use of antibacterials with a single administration of 1 g ceftriaxone
      in gynecology and obstetrics].
AB  - An indication for prophylaxis in vaginal and abdominal hysterectomy is given in
      the case of high postoperative infection morbidity. In order to reach an adequate
      level of antibacterial activity in serum and tissue one should apply the initial
      dose before the operation. The presence of various risk factors in Caesarean
      section is also an indication for prophylaxis. This applies especially to
      emergency Caesarean sections which have an increased infection rate. The
      application of the substance should follow the separation of the child from the
      mother after cutting the umbilical cord in order to prevent a diaplacental
      diffusion of the substance which can lead to a false diagnosis of the newborn.
      Our clinical studies demonstrated that an infection prophylaxis in gynaecological
      obstetrical standard operations is very effective with a single application of 1
      g Ceftriaxone. Only 1 from 90 patients developed a postoperative infection. There
      were only 2 patients with side effects, which were diarrhoea and an allergical
      reaction. The hematological, hepatical and nephrological function tests did not
      indicate any alteration of values related to the test substance. Finally we have
      observed that Ceftriaxone has not only proven to be highly effective in a
      perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis in extensive gynaccological and obstertrical
      operations, but also a compatible medicament in view of the rare occurrence of
      side effects. The clinical application of this medicament in gynaecology and
      obstetrics can therefore be recommended.

PMID- 3394333
TI  - [Autogenic training (AT)--respiratory feedback (RFB); similarities and limits in
      general practice oriented differential indications].
AB  - Autogenic Training (AT) is not merely a "relaxation exercise". We quote five
      dimensions of AT that should by clearly differentiated: 1) concentration, 2)
      relaxation, 3) vegetative switch toward the hypnoid state, 4) dynamising reprise
      exercise. 5) holistic inclusion in a complex psychotherapeutical concept. We
      consider the self induced hypnoid state plus dynamising reprise exercise as the
      main components for the beneficial effect of AT. The hynoid state has its
      neurophysiological definition as a third human state of consciousness. The
      reprise exercise is more than making it abolish, but has its own therapeutical
      values: dynamisation. Respiratory feedback (RBF - a special kind of biofeedback)
      has the factors relaxation and vegetative switch towards hypnoid in common with
      autogenic training. Where these components are specially requested, RFB proves
      valuable in therapy. In other indications however AT is of much better use.
      Namely: where the educational value of mutation, self-concentration and the
      therapeutic context is of predominant importance. AT as well as RFB may be
      considered "misused" in having them replace the therapeutical and understanding
      conversation between doctor and patients, in a mechanistic way. As a slogan it
      may be said: AT goes deeper, RFB goes quicker.

PMID- 3394334
TI  - [Orthodontics--timing and possibilities].
AB  - Orthodontic therapy is available to children and adults as well and can achieve
      excellent results in every age group, whereas dentofacial orthopedics is
      restricted to childhood and adolescence. New technologies broke loose the range
      of therapeutic possibilities of former years.

PMID- 3394335
TI  - Progress symposium--surgical treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.

PMID- 3394332
TI  - [Studies of biological availability. A critical assessment based on a study of
      spironolactone preparations].
AB  - Investigations have been performed to determine the relative bioavailability of
      canrenone from an improved spironolactone preparation, Deverol drgs., in
      comparison with canrenone from a spironolactone standard preparation on the
      Austrian market (Osiren drgs.). This was carried out by comparing the areas under
      the serumconcentration-time-curves under conditions of steady-state after oral
      application of both preparations. Additionally the contents of spironolactone in
      the two preparations tested were determined. By intraindividual comparison of the
      areas under the serum-concentration-time-curves of canrenone a relative
      bioavailability of 99.37% of canrenone from Deverol drgs. could be calculated
      versus canrenone from the standard. However a remarkable different content of
      spironolactone in the preparations was found: in 50 mg of Deverol drgs. 50.5 mg
      spironolactone and in 100 mg of Osiren drgs. 109.6 mg spironolactone were found.
      Determination of drug contents in products appears to be necessary to determine
      their relative bioavailability correctly, because the usual range of +/- 5% may
      be overshot as demonstrated in our investigation.

PMID- 3394336
TI  - Surgical treatment of inflammatory bowel disease--introduction.

PMID- 3394338
TI  - Total colectomy and ileorectal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis.

PMID- 3394337
TI  - Complications and function of the continent ileostomy at the Cleveland Clinic.

PMID- 3394339
TI  - Proctocolectomy and ileoanal anastomosis.

PMID- 3394340
TI  - Proctocolectomy and ileoanal anastomosis with J-shaped or S-shaped ileal pouch.

PMID- 3394341
TI  - Emergency surgery for ulcerative colitis.

PMID- 3394342
TI  - Surgical treatment of Crohn's disease affecting mainly or entirely the large
      bowel.

PMID- 3394343
TI  - Management of conventional ileostomies.

PMID- 3394346
TI  - Dynamic Visick grading after highly selective vagotomy.

PMID- 3394344
TI  - Estimation of serum complement and its role in management of trauma.

PMID- 3394345
TI  - Recurrence rate after highly selective vagotomy.

PMID- 3394347
TI  - Carcinoma of the gastric cardia: surgical management and long-term survival.

PMID- 3394348
TI  - Long-term survival in Japanese patients with far advanced carcinoma of the
      stomach.

PMID- 3394349
TI  - Effects of thyroxine on cell proliferation in human multinodular goiter: a study
      on growth of thyroid tissue transplanted to nude mice.

PMID- 3394350
TI  - Effect of oral branched chain amino acids on behavior and brain serotonin
      metabolism in portacaval shunted rats.

PMID- 3394351
TI  - Necrosectomy and postoperative local lavage in patients with necrotizing
      pancreatitis: results of a prospective clinical trial.

PMID- 3394352
TI  - Esophageal carcinoma: patient selection for transhiatal esophagectomy. A
      prospective analysis of 50 consecutive cases.

PMID- 3394353
TI  - Quality of life and patterns of recurrence following transhiatal esophagectomy
      for cancer: results of a prospective follow-up in 50 patients.

PMID- 3394355
TI  - [Lung injuries caused by explosion in rabbits. 3. The behavior of the lung after
      injury].
AB  - The behaviour of the pulmonary activity was investigated in 30 rabbits after a
      blast. The estimation was carried out by the results of volumetric, gasometric,
      and radio-isotopic researches. The results show a considerable disturbance of the
      pulmonary activity which leads to respiratory insufficiency in rabbits after a
      blast of medium strength. The restriction type was dominant in the disturbance of
      the ventilation. An impairment of the gas diffusion is the consequence and leads
      to hypoxia and to a compensated respiratory acidosis.

PMID- 3394354
TI  - Increased ulcer relapse rate after PCV in smokers.

PMID- 3394356
TI  - [Increased cholinergic stimulating gastric secretion after truncal vagotomy in
      rats].
AB  - The reasons of the relapses after vagotomy are not clarified completely. The
      reactivity of the 3 postulated receptors in the parietal cell was investigated by
      means of a perfusion model in the rat in a control group and after truncus
      vagotomy 28 days before the experiment. Not any difference was shown between the
      control group or the vagotomy group after histamine and pentagastrin stimulation.
      A significant greater secretion (!) with negative insulin test was observed in
      the vagotomy group after carbachol stimulation.

PMID- 3394357
TI  - [Peri-implantation enzymes and mineralization in bone tissue after implantation
      of bioactive vitroceramic material--a method for biomaterial testing for hard
      tissue substitutes. 2. Results of studies of vitroceramics and their modification
      by the admixture of metal oxides].
AB  - The activities of the alkaline and the acid bone phosphatases as well as the
      concentrations of calcium and phosphorus were measured in the periimplantal
      tissue of the rat femur bone after implantation of the vitroceramic Ap 40, the
      metal oxide stabilized vitroceramics Ap 40 A and Ap 40 Z, as well titanium after
      2, 10, and 15 weeks. The incorporation of the vitroceramic Ap 40 turns out like a
      primary bone fracture healing. The implants Ap 40 A and Ap 40 Z are a compromise
      with a higher stability and the osteogenesis induced effect is preserved, but is
      belated in contrast to Ap 40.

PMID- 3394358
TI  - [Lung injuries caused by explosion in rabbits. 1. The experimental model of the
      injury].
AB  - A model for producing blasts of medium strength was developed. The injuries lead
      to the death of 25 to 50% of the experimental rabbits. The injuries were tested
      physically by direct measurements. The explosion of 225 g TNT in the air in 110
      cm distance killed 35% of the rabbits. The corpus of the rabbit absorbed 67% of
      the energy of the blast in 0.46 ms in average. The average of the maximum
      positive pressure in the blast was 25.4 +/- 3.1 bar.

PMID- 3394359
TI  - [Lung injuries caused by explosion in rabbits. 2. Pathogenetic mechanisms in lung
      injury (a hypothesis)].
AB  - A hypothesis of the pathogenetic mechanism of the pulmonary changes after the
      injury is introduced. Basis are the results of the morphologic estimation of the
      lung traumas by blast with known energy in rabbits. The reason is the lung
      deformation by the sudden pressure increasing in the thoracic cavity and the
      volume reduction of the thorax. The deformed lungs were pressed against the
      thorax wall in the region of the smallest deformation.

PMID- 3394360
TI  - [Better results with the microscope. Interview by Jan Thomasson].

PMID- 3394361
TI  - [Birgitta Svensson, SHSTF: good that the risks prove to be for someone's benefit.
      Interview by Jan Thomasson].

PMID- 3394362
TI  - [SHSTF (Swedish Association for Health Care and Nursing Employees) sets the tone
      in health care discussions].

PMID- 3394363
TI  - [TCO (Central Organization for Salaried Employees) needs Vanta with decision on
      widows' pensions!].

PMID- 3394364
TI  - [With Agneta and Karin one learns to contract muscles. Interview by Monika
      Trozell].

PMID- 3394365
TI  - [I have gotten my dream job!. Interview by Kaj Nyman].

PMID- 3394366
TI  - [Improved routine provides greater safety].

PMID- 3394367
TI  - [Back hospital with new ideas gives nurses responsibility for nursing care.
      Interview by Jan Thomasson].

PMID- 3394369
TI  - [Death sentence for Svenshogen but personnel fights against it].

PMID- 3394370
TI  - [The most help from alternative medicine].

PMID- 3394368
TI  - [New study funds on the way--"a poor proposal"].

PMID- 3394371
TI  - [What misery in Hassleholm?].

PMID- 3394372
TI  - [Imagine if you would work abroad].

PMID- 3394374
TI  - [Yvonne assistant chief--"it is a victory". Interview by Jan Thomasson].

PMID- 3394373
TI  - [No--physicians not administrators as a matter of course].

PMID- 3394375
TI  - [We take a refreshing run].

PMID- 3394376
TI  - [Working in the convent is a vocation for Sister Barbara. Interview by Titti
      Olsson].

PMID- 3394377
TI  - [Written information gives the patient satisfaction and security. Interview by
      Par Larsson].

PMID- 3394378
TI  - [Ann-Cristin organizes transplantations: the rights of the newly brain-dead.
      Interview by Monika Trozell].

PMID- 3394379
TI  - [Forced to leave in spite of support from pupils and parents].

PMID- 3394380
TI  - [Night in August--at that time the solitary nurse made her mistake].

PMID- 3394381
TI  - [Beginning 1989 of Vardfacket's clinical articles. Interview by Jan Thomasson].

PMID- 3394382
TI  - [New nursing fashion in Malmo].

PMID- 3394383
TI  - [A breath from the theater world in nursing. Interview by Monika Trozell].

PMID- 3394384
TI  - [The course is important, but it is difficult to get time off].

PMID- 3394385
TI  - [The community employers' 11-point program].

PMID- 3394386
TI  - [It causes the fewest puncture accidents].

PMID- 3394387
TI  - [The Attorney General's decision on the dialysis incident in the Spring].

PMID- 3394388
TI  - [Family counseling by the maternal welfare center when Christian was born].

PMID- 3394389
TI  - [When there's still desire and love!].

PMID- 3394390
TI  - [Boys need to talk with a man].

PMID- 3394391
TI  - [Supervisors with young children have a right to part-time employment].

PMID- 3394393
TI  - [Barbro had an idea and received 31,000 krona as reward].

PMID- 3394392
TI  - [All the others know best when negotiators meet].

PMID- 3394394
TI  - [The aged are in better condition than we imagined. Interview by Monika Trozell].

PMID- 3394395
TI  - [We look after refugees from the war in Afghanistan here. Interview by Anika
      Agebjorn].

PMID- 3394396
TI  - [Reevaluation. Administrator's job is to take patients' side. Interview by
      Christina Mork].

PMID- 3394397
TI  - [Reevaluation. Contribution will call for education. Interview by Viveka
      Holmertz].

PMID- 3394398
TI  - [Reevaluation. Carin makes publicity for nursing job].

PMID- 3394399
TI  - [Norwegian spokesperson for nurses: "Strike puts shortage in focus". Interview by
      Kaj Nyman].

PMID- 3394400
TI  - [Norwegian nurses agree: "Strike necessary--we won public opinion"].

PMID- 3394401
TI  - [Study shows: better wages shortages].

PMID- 3394402
TI  - [The end of life].

PMID- 3394403
TI  - ["The world of nursing"--studying has opened our eyes. Interview by Jan
      Thomasson].

PMID- 3394404
TI  - [Initiative in Kopparsberg's county council: give nurses more than others.
      Interview by Jan Thomasson].

PMID- 3394405
TI  - [Higher wages, greater responsibility and independence--that's how work is
      reevaluated].

PMID- 3394406
TI  - [Reevaluation. The course gave us 100 krona extra].

PMID- 3394407
TI  - [Reevaluation. Trying out new ways to justice pays!. Interview by Jan Thomasson].

PMID- 3394408
TI  - [Reevaluation. We manage our affairs ourselves. Interview by Monika Trozell].

PMID- 3394409
TI  - [Home-made pea soup and home-baked bread].

PMID- 3394410
TI  - [Public health nurse writes out prescriptions].

PMID- 3394411
TI  - [Mama is the best incubator].

PMID- 3394413
TI  - [In the shadow of Chernobyl--people have abandoned their city. Interview by Tommy
      Oberg].

PMID- 3394412
TI  - [In Helsingborg they make fantasy flow].

PMID- 3394414
TI  - [The goal is health for all in a world with starvation and abundance].

PMID- 3394415
TI  - [One day the name-plates were missing...].

PMID- 3394416
TI  - [Ombudsmen: it is not the profession's fault!].

PMID- 3394417
TI  - [Everybody leaves because of mobbing].

PMID- 3394418
TI  - [Britta was sick but was forced to work].

PMID- 3394419
TI  - ["I have not betrayed the dialysis nurse". Interview by Viveka Holmertz].

PMID- 3394420
TI  - [With one cool hand on the forehead and the other one on the keyboard. Interview
      by Viveka Holmertz].

PMID- 3394421
TI  - [Better planning--avoid chaos in summer!].

PMID- 3394423
TI  - [Want to be home with children--transfers].

PMID- 3394422
TI  - [Night nurses stay].

PMID- 3394424
TI  - [Malmberg has a nursing home with new ideas].

PMID- 3394425
TI  - [In 2 years half the population will be dead from AIDS].

PMID- 3394427
TI  - [Kerstin quickly went to the housing arrangement--sick house live sick children.
      Interview by Kaj Nyman].

PMID- 3394426
TI  - [SHSTF and employers agree everybody must work at least 75 percent].

PMID- 3394428
TI  - [When mothers do not perceive their children's needs then children starve.
      Interview by Elisabeth Magnusson].

PMID- 3394430
TI  - [Ruth is midwife in Tanzania--here every 6th mother is infected with HIV-virus.
      Interview by Holger Nilen].

PMID- 3394429
TI  - [Vivi-Anne studies chlamydia--correct testing saves fertility. Interview by
      Viveka Holmertz].

PMID- 3394432
TI  - [After state support nurses can conduct research with salary].

PMID- 3394431
TI  - [Work safely, that poses the least risk for blood-borne infections. Interview by
      Viveka Holmertz].

PMID- 3394433
TI  - [Pioneer remains important expert and section chief. Interview by Monika
      Trozell].

PMID- 3394434
TI  - [Thus my happy girl becomes a weary nurse].

PMID- 3394435
TI  - [Criticism with the Social Welfare Boards general aides: giving up instead of
      constructive solutions. Interview by Kaj Nyman].

PMID- 3394436
TI  - [250 nurses missing. Crisis in the Academic Hospital].

PMID- 3394437
TI  - [At last a nurse in administration!. Interview by Jan Thomasson].

PMID- 3394438
TI  - [Gymnasium education prolonged, but only on a trial basis].

PMID- 3394439
TI  - [Yong Joo is 24 years old and too old for a job in Seoul].

PMID- 3394440
TI  - [Dysgerminoma of the ovary. An analysis of 30 cases].
AB  - 30 patients with ovarian dysgerminoma are reported. Whenever possible the
      patients were operated radically. In cases when dissemination occurred,
      exploration was performed. 28 patients were irradiated. Applying adequate
      therapy, complete growths have proved to have poor prognosis.

PMID- 3394441
TI  - [Endometriosis and basal temperature].
AB  - Basal body temperature of 168 cycles have been measured in 20 infertile women
      (age 21-31 years) with endometriosis. There were 10.1% anovulatory cycles, and in
      22.5% of the 151 biphasic cycles the hyperthermic phase lasted less than 11 days.
      A late decline of basal body temperature after the onset of menstruation was
      recorded in 34.5% and may be only limitedly indicative of endometriosis. In 64.9%
      of all cycles basal body temperature was somewhat elevated and/or proved one or
      more temperature peaks in the follicular phase. Perhaps this may be indicative of
      endometriosis. Nevertheless the so-called endocrinologic infertility requires
      endoscopy for accurate diagnosis.

PMID- 3394442
TI  - [Cytologic urine findings in female genital cancer--before, during and after
      radiotherapy].
AB  - 74 cytologic examinations of the urinary sediment were conducted on 57 women with
      malignant neoplasms of the genital organs in order to evaluate the clinical
      suspicion of tumor infiltration of the bladder wall. It turned out to be a
      sensitive indicator of the infiltration of the bladder wall. Prior radiotherapy
      however let to changes which could be falsly interpreted as indicators of
      malignant infiltration. In order to enhance the accuracy of cytologic evaluation
      of the urinary sediment in this clinical setting it is essential that the
      cytologist must be informed about prior radiation therapy.

PMID- 3394443
TI  - Sonographic diagnosis of subcortical cystic leukomalacia.
AB  - The real-time sonographic diagnosis of subcortical cystic leukomalacia has been
      described only recently. We report on a severely asphyxiated term infant who went
      on to develop this condition, and discuss the usefulness of ultrasound scanning
      in term babies with hypoxic-ischaemic disease.

PMID- 3394444
TI  - [Generalized endometriosis].
AB  - Authors report on a case of generalized endometriosis. A 29 years old patient
      suffered from a primary amenorrhea by reason of an aplastic uterine cervix and an
      incomplete vaginal aplasia. Endometriosis has been ascertainable histologically
      in the uterus, in the left tube, near the gall bladder and in the pleura.

PMID- 3394445
TI  - Amino acid requirements of Staphylococcus aureus strains from Germany and Austria
      that produce toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1).
AB  - Amino acid requirements of 156 toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) producing
      Staphylococcus aureus strains from Germany and 37 strains from Austria have been
      determined. They were compared with TSST-1 negative S. aureus. Most of the
      strains required proline and valine with no significant differences between TSST
      1 positive and negative S. aureus. There was no correlation between tryptophan
      auxotypy and TSST-1 producing strains. On complete chemically defined medium good
      bacterial growth was usually observed. Nevertheless, many strains stopped toxin
      production under these conditions. S. aureus strains with TSST-1 synthesis on
      complete medium required phenylalanine and cysteine for TSST-1 production mainly.

PMID- 3394446
TI  - Aeromonas eucrenophila species nova Aeromonas caviae a later and illegitimate
      synonym of Aeromonas punctata.
AB  - Aeromonas caviae is a later and illegitimate synonym of Aeromonas punctata. In
      order to secure continuity in literature, it is proposed to use the trivial term
      "caviae type" in connection with the species name A. punctata temporarily
      especially for strains isolated in connection to diarrhoea in children. Aeromonas
      eucrenophila sp. nov. is described, type strain in NCMB 74. The new aerogenic
      psychrotrophic Aeromonas species is separated genotypically from Aeromonas
      hydrophila and Aeromonas punctata (caviae type).

PMID- 3394447
TI  - Characterization of the agent of swine dysentery based on deoxyribonucleic acid
      homology.
AB  - Chromosomal deoxyribonucleic acids (DNAs) of five strains formally assigned to
      Treponema hyodysenteriae and Treponema innocens have been compared. The results
      of DNA-DNA-hybridization indicate that all the strains belong to the same
      species. The very low guanine-plus-cytosine values between 24.7 and 29.7 mol% are
      regarded as further evidence in favour of the reclassification of the swine
      dysentery agent as Borrelia hyodysenteriae (comb. nov. Blaha).

PMID- 3394448
TI  - Epidemiology of meningococcal infections in the Federal Republic of Germany, 1966
      1984.
AB  - In the Federal Republic of Germany, the morbidity curve of meningococcal
      infections from 1966-1984 exhibited two maxima in 1970 and 1979 representing
      morbidity values of 2.9 and 2.3 per 100,000 of the population, and a small peak
      in 1974. The average morbidity of the 19 years was 2.1/10(5), the lowest
      morbidity 1.3/10(5) (1983/84). Meningitis occurred on an epidemic scale in 1970
      in Bremen, in 1971 in Schleswig-Holstein and 1971-1977 in the Saarland. Most
      cases were notified during the first four four-week periods of the year, but in
      two years (1967, 1969), the late-summer peak exceeded the peak of winter/spring.
      17.3% of the cases occurred in infants, 51.7% in the first five years of life.
      Morbidity was highest during the second quarter of the first year. The sex ratio
      (m:f) of the infections was 1.6:1, but in the aged, morbidity was about the same
      in both sexes (0.9:1). The case-fatality ratio varied between 7.1% (1977) and
      12.1% (1971, 1982) and averaged at 9.7%. It was highest in the aged (37.1%) and
      second-highest in infants (18.7%). Differences of lethality due to sex could not
      be demonstrated. Of 1.685 meningococcal strains isolated from CSF and/or blood,
      7.3% were of serogroup A, 74.4% of group B, 15% of group C, 1.5% of group Y and
      1.1% of group W135. The proportion of group B infections was highest in infants,
      of group A infections in children (5-10 years), of group C infections in older
      children and adolescents (10-20 years). The sensitivity of N. meningitidis to
      sulfadiazine varied with serogroup and year of isolation. Since 1977, practically
      all group A strains, but only 13% of group B and 9% of group C strains proved to
      be resistant. Practically all strains were fully sensitive to rifampicin and
      minocycline; results of trials with spiramycin were not in support of the use of
      this compound as a chemoprophylactic agent.

PMID- 3394449
TI  - Characterization of distinct layers of the Mycobacterium avium envelope in
      respect of their composition by fatty acids, proteins, oligosaccharides and
      antigens.
AB  - The distribution of fatty acids, proteins, polysaccharides and antigens in
      subcellular fractions of Mycobacterium avium is described. Significant
      qualitative differences in the chemical composition of the various fractions have
      been used to further characterize the tripartite structure of the cell wall. In
      the outer dense layer (POL), in addition to previously described complex
      amphiphatic lipids, new oligosaccharides (lipooligosaccharides?) and a major
      glycoprotein were located; and it was found that tuberculostearic acid (TSA)
      esterified the phospholipids of this outerlayer. Judging from the data, it was
      proposed that the phospholipids formed a basic matrix monolayer in which other
      compounds of the POL intercalated. It was suggested that in an aqueous
      environment the hydrophobic ends of the phospholipids oriented to face the
      mycolic acid residues of the cell wall skeletons (or CWS) to form the 12 nm thick
      electron transparent layer. The purified CWS contained alpha-, keto-, and
      dicarboxylic mycolic acids; alanine, glutamic acid and diaminopimelic acid; and
      arabinose and galactose. Two additional nonidentified amino acids and an
      unidentified sugar were found in the CWS. Also, in the CWS the fatty acids:
      palmitic acid (21.8%), oleic acid (4.3%), stearic acid (9.2%) and TSA (4.3%),
      were detected. The main fatty acids detected in the cytoplasmic membrane (CM)
      were palmitic (20%), oleic (14.5%) and stearic (8.6%) acids. Mycolic acids and
      TSA were absent in the CM phospholipids. The major proteins of the CM (86, 40,
      and 26 Kd proteins) were distinct from the major proteins detected in the cytosol
      (CYT) fraction (43, 36, and 19 Kd proteins). A 58 Kd protein was present in both
      the CM and the CYT. The CYT and CM antigens were found absent in surface antigens
      extracted using sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS).

PMID- 3394450
TI  - Identification of contaminants during primary isolation of mycobacteria in the
      BACTEC system with the antimicrobial supplement PACT.
AB  - 1500 sputum specimens and bronchial washings were cultured for mycobacteria. One
      half of the specimen was treated with N-acetyl-L-cysteine--sodium hydroxide (3%)
      (NALC) and the other with sodium dodecyl (lauryl) sulfate--sodium hydroxide (1%)
      (SDS). The different species of contaminants found with each pretreatment method
      with the BACTEC radiometric system were identified. Contamination occurred in 6%
      by using SDS and in 10% by using NALC. The SDS method was more effective against
      Bacillus ssp. and Streptomyces ssp., the major contaminants. However, the growth
      of Pseudomonas ssp. was a problem in both methods.

PMID- 3394451
TI  - Attachment of a Vibrio parahaemolyticus strain to rabbit brush border membranes.
AB  - The attachment of a clinical isolate of Vibrio parahaemolyticus to brush border
      membranes isolated from rabbits was studied, using transmission electron
      microscopy. The bacterial cells adhered to the brush borders, apparently with a
      small space between the cell wall and the surface of the microvilli. No
      extracellular structures were seen to be involved in the process of adhesion.

PMID- 3394452
TI  - Further studies on colistin (polymyxin E)-induced cell leakage in mycobacteria:
      Mg++ efflux in Mycobacterium avium and its effects on drug-susceptibility.
AB  - Action of colistin (polymyxin E) was investigated on the opportunistic pathogenic
      species Mycobacterium avium ATCC 15769 (resistant strain, MIC greater than 100
      micrograms/ml). Mycobacterium intracellulare ATCC 13950: a colistin-susceptible
      strain (MIC 25 micrograms/ml), was used as a parallel control for Mg++ efflux
      experiments. After the addition of 100 micrograms/ml of colistin to bacteria
      suspended in a buffer, both loss of viability and Mg++ efflux were followed for
      one week. Although there was an initial Mg++ efflux in both strains, it soon
      attained a plateau in case of the resistant strain without any loss of viability
      until 48 h, whereas in case of the susceptible strain, Mg++ efflux was about 3
      times higher than former, a plateau was attained only 24 h after the drug
      addition, and the loss of viability started only 6 h after the drug addition.
      Consequently, the loss of viability of M. avium with later incubation times (6
      days) was not due to the action of colistin on the cytoplasmic Mg++ efflux
      solely, but some additional effect was implicated. The drug-susceptibility of
      extracellularly-growing and intracellularly-growing (in the J-774 macrophage cell
      line) M. avium to the antibiotics tested could not be potentiated when they were
      used in combination with 5 micrograms/ml of colistin (maximal obtainable serum
      level in man) or the polymyxin B nonapeptide (PMBN), nor in the case of bacteria
      pretreated with these molecules.

PMID- 3394454
TI  - [Characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated
      from 1974 to 1983 in West Germany with respect to the results of lysotyping].
AB  - A total of 594 methicillin-resistant (MER) S. aureus strains originating from the
      Federal Republic of Germany were both tested for their susceptibility to a number
      of selected antimicrobial agents, and lysotyped with the international set of S.
      aureus typing phages. Control groups of methicillin-sensitive, but penicillin-
      (PER) and gentamicin-resistant (GER) strains were tested for comparison. A group
      of S. aureus strains susceptible to all of the agents tested was included in the
      statistical evaluation of the lysotyping results. 98% of the MER and 72% of the
      GER S. aureus strains were cross-resistant towards at least five of the other
      agents tested. 84 to 97% of the MER strains were resistant to erythromycin,
      tetracycline, kanamycin and gentamicin. The in vitro susceptibility towards
      lincomycin and amikacin was in the range of 50 to 60%. The strongest in vitro
      efficacy--both against the MER and the GER strains--was shown by vancomycin and
      fusidic acid. 52.9% of the MER and 47% of the GER strains, but only 12.3% of the
      non-resistant strains and no more than 15% of the PER strains belonged to phage
      group III; a higher proportion of these latter groups reacted with phage-group I,
      which was rare among the MER and the GER strains (3.2% and 7.8% respectively).
      The most frequent phage-patterns of the MER strains were as follows: 47/75/77,
      47/54/75/77/84/85, 77/84/85, 47/54/75/77/85, 6/47/54/75/77/84/85, and 55/83A.
      Most of the phage-group III lysotopes occurred at numerous places across the
      country, while mixed lysotypes were apparently more confined to certain areas. A
      relatively high percentage of the MER strains, but notably also of the sensitive
      strains was non-typable (22.1% and 24.1% respectively), whereas the PER and the
      GER strains had a considerably lower rate of non-typability (9.3% and 4.8%
      respectively). A correlation between non-typability and multiresistance was not
      evident.

PMID- 3394453
TI  - Antibody response of patients against a 120 kDa surface protein of Campylobacter
      pylori.
AB  - Campylobacter pylori strains were isolated and serum samples were obtained from
      63 patients. Immunoblots of 52 patients sera using their own isolates as antigen
      showed a 120 kDa band, which was missing in the other 11 isolates and the
      respective sera. This band was not detected in other Campylobacter species.
      Effects of trypsin treatment of bacteria and absorption of sera by live organisms
      suggest a C. pylori-specific surface protein.

PMID- 3394455
TI  - CO2 laser in surgery of the renal parenchyma. A preliminary report.
AB  - The experiences of renal parenchymal surgery performed by CO2 laser knife are
      reported. A short surgery is given of the preliminaries of the use of CO2 laser
      in urological practice and of the biological effects of the laser beam. The
      coagulating effect of the laser beam in the cases of nephrotomy, polar resection,
      heminephrectomy, adrenal resection and of cavernotomy was studied and the
      incision time of the parenchyma measured. The amount of blood lost comparing with
      that during traditional operative techniques, was found to be essentially
      smaller. It is stressed that, in some cases, the compression of the renal
      peduncle could be avoided. Favourable experiences were obtained with
      interventions on an inflamed renal substance. This paper has been intended to be
      a preliminary report, with the detailed histological and isotope functional
      examinations to be presented later.

PMID- 3394456
TI  - Combined surgical procedure for the prevention of blindness caused by progressive
      high myopia.
AB  - A combined prophylactic procedure consisting of the strengthening of the sclera
      by fascia lata implants and the laser photocoagulation of peripheral retinal
      degenerations has been developed for the prevention of blindness caused by
      progressive high myopia. More than 7 years of experience gained with over 400
      patients showed that none of the treated eyes developed retinal detachment or
      other severe complications of high myopia. Moreover, the degree of myopia
      decreased by a mean value of 3.0 D in 90%, and the visual acuity improved by a
      mean value of 0.15 in 70% of the patients treated. The authors suggest that their
      combined prophylactic procedure should be tried out and introduced to general
      ophthalmological practice.

PMID- 3394457
TI  - Clinical experience and morphological study on the after-loading treatment of
      endometrial carcinoma.
AB  - According to our experience, the after-loading procedure can successfully be
      applied in the majority of endometrial cancer cases. Primarily, in those where
      corpus parameters can be accurately judged and these correspond to the doses to
      be applied. By devising individual doses, a tumour dose can be planned and
      administered which in the vesical and rectal wall is amply below the threshold
      value. (According to our calculations, the posterior wall of the bladder
      received, on an average, a dose of 5 to 30, while the anterior wall one of 15 to
      35 Gy.) The relatively long time of treatment--occasionally 40 to 60 hours--are
      well tolerated by the patients receiving mild sedatives. The considerable
      protection of the small intestine is due to the protracted method of a low R/min.
      The lack of complications in the small intestine can be attributed to this fact.
      Beside all these results, application, localization and nursing can be made in a
      radiation-free environment. For examining the effectivity of after-loading
      treatment, light- and electron microscopic studies were performed in patients
      with endometrial carcinoma (in 6 and 8 cases, respectively) to support also
      morphologically the favourable results of clinical practice.

PMID- 3394458
TI  - Guidelines of prognostics in malignant skin melanoma.
AB  - The author gives a survey of relevant literary data and own experience on the
      prognostication of melanoma. The patients studied between 1967-1985 July
      consisted of 165 cases, 5 of them presenting with unknown primary diseases and 19
      cases unfit for evaluation. Great attention was paid to the clinical presentation
      of stage I melanomas, where early and late signs of malignant transformation
      constitute separate items in order to alleviate early diagnosis and adequate
      treatment. Distinction between early and late signs was supported also by
      histological findings. A regression analysis of the two main prognosticators
      'thickness' and 'level of invasion' yielded a 80% correlation in favour of the
      microstaging by invasion levels. The overall survival of 47 patients with
      exulcerated lesions compared to a total database of 118 cases did not reach but
      37 months according to an earlier study from 1981. Scrutiny and meticulous
      investigation are stressed for sake of diagnostic accuracy which may be increased
      above 80% as reported on the basis of own experience.

PMID- 3394459
TI  - Urological tuberculosis mimicking bladder tumour.
AB  - A total of 8 patients have been treated in the recent 10 years in whom urogenital
      tuberculosis simulated the picture of bladder tumour. This occurred in 3% of
      overall patients with urogenital tuberculosis, i.e. primary diagnosis proved to
      be erroneous in such percentage of them. The course of the disease of 2 patients
      is reviewed in detail. In order to establish the differential diagnosis between
      the two diseases, the importance of bladder biopsy following polycystography is
      pointed out.

PMID- 3394460
TI  - Ultrasonic destruction and endoscopic removal of kidney, ureteral, bladder and
      urethral stones.
AB  - Endoscopic removal of renal calculi was introduced at our department in 1984,
      first in Hungary and East-Europe. Renal, ureteral, bladder and urethral calculi
      are all endoscopically removed partially following ultrasonic destruction. The
      procedure is similarly used in cases of solitary kidney or of kidneys with
      staghorn calculi. Several hundreds of successful cases have proved the necessity
      and importance of the procedure.

PMID- 3394461
TI  - The treatment of Perthes' disease.
AB  - The results of surgical and conservative treatments of a total of 235 patients
      with unilateral Legg-Calve-Perthes disease are reported. Results of the two modes
      of treatment with those of an untreated patient group are presented. The long
      periods of follow-up have shown that surgical treatment yielded better results
      than the weight-relief of the hip by a splint. Following femoral osteotomy, the
      course of the disease became more rapid. Based on their experiences, authors
      recommend the surgical treatment of Legg-Calve-Perthes disease.

PMID- 3394463
TI  - [Surgical treatment of neuromuscular deformities of the spine].

PMID- 3394462
TI  - [Alloplastic grafts of the cruciate ligaments in the knee].

PMID- 3394464
TI  - [Relation between the duration of discogenic compression of the cauda equina and
      the results of surgical treatment].

PMID- 3394466
TI  - [Fractures of the upper end of the femur. Analysis of a group of patients at the
      Traumatology Research Institute in Brno in 1984].

PMID- 3394465
TI  - [The zinc status in patients with idiopathic scoliosis].

PMID- 3394467
TI  - [Distal epiphysiolysis of the tibia and its treatment].

PMID- 3394468
TI  - [Epithelial hemangioendothelioma of the bone].

PMID- 3394469
TI  - [Paget's disease--case report].

PMID- 3394470
TI  - [Review of experience with epidural anesthesia in total hip joint prosthesis].

PMID- 3394471
TI  - [Results of the surgical treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome].

PMID- 3394472
TI  - Adenosine and the regional differences in adipose tissue metabolism in women.
AB  - Adenosine content in abdominal and femoral adipose tissue in menstruating women
      was 0.38 +/- 0.10 and 0.59 +/- 0.14 nmol/g of wet weight, respectively (mean +/-
      SEM; N = 17). No difference in adenosine sensitivity was found between abdominal
      and femoral adipocytes. In lactating women, the adenosine content was lower in
      femoral than in abdominal adipose tissue (0.40 +/- 0.08 and 0.57 +/- 0.08 nmol/g
      of wet weight, respectively; N = 10). Adenosine sensitivity in femoral adipocytes
      was not increased during lactation. As adenosine is a locally acting insulin-like
      effector, these results suggest that the higher adenosine content in femoral
      adipose tissue in menstruating women could explain its higher lipoprotein lipase
      activity and tendency to accumulate fat. During lactation, the lower
      extracellular adenosine concentration would allow lipid mobilization
      preferentially from the femoral site.

PMID- 3394474
TI  - Neurohypophysial hormone influence on renal function in the New Zealand
      genetically hypertensive rat.
AB  - The acute effects of physiological levels of AVP and oxytocin administration on
      renal water and sodium handling have been investigated in New Zealand genetically
      hypertensive and normotensive rats. AVP infusion was associated with an
      antidiuresis in both normotensive and hypertensive rats and while normotensive
      rats also displayed a dose-related natriuresis, this was attenuated in
      hypertensive rats. Oxytocin administration had no effect on urine flow or sodium
      excretion in normotensive rats, but was associated with an antidiuresis in
      hypertensive rats. Combined hormone infusion produced a greater reduction in
      urine flow than following AVP alone in both normotensive and hypertensive groups
      and was associated with a potentiation of the natriuretic action of AVP in the
      hypertensive animals. The data suggest that the contribution of oxytocin to renal
      sodium excretion in hypertensive rats may be suppressed. A compensatory increase
      in basal AVP secretion in hypertensive rats may overcome their apparent renal
      insensitivity to AVP, to maintain appropriate sodium excretion. This intriguing
      disturbance in neurohypophysial function may reflect or possibly contribute to
      the hypertension of these animals.

PMID- 3394473
TI  - Effects of the antiprogestin RU486 on progesterone-dependent uterine development
      and bioassay of progestational activity in estrogen-primed immature female dogs.
AB  - A bioassay for progesterone activity in dogs was established based on uterine
      weight (mg/kg body weight) in immature beagles administered progesterone for 10
      days starting 9 days after priming with estradiol cypionate (50 micrograms/kg,
      im). Progesterone doses of 0, 0.17, 0.5, 1.5, 13.5 and 40.5 mg/kg per day, im,
      produced dose-dependent increases in the weights of uterine horns obtained after
      5 or 10 days of treatment. The total uterine responses (horn removed at 5 days
      plus horn and fundus removed at 10 days) to those were (mean +/- SEM) 374 +/- 33,
      465 +/- 97, 684 +/- 68, 795 +/- 96, 1005 +/- 38, 1232 +/- 15 mg/kg, respectively.
      Responses to the 13.5 mg/kg per day dose of progesterone in dogs given the
      steroid antagonist RU486 at daily oral doses of 5, 20 and 50 mg/kg were reduced
      to values of 634 +/- 24, 464 +/- 74 and 468 +/- 18 mg/kg, respectively, vs 1005
      +/- 38 mg/kg in controls. Mean progesterone levels were 27 +/- 1 micrograms/l.
      The RU486 did not produce any consistent alterations in serum cortisol levels.
      The results suggest that, in immature bitches, uterine weight changes can be used
      to bioassay progestin activity following estrogen priming, RU486 is more potent
      as an antiprogestin than as an antiglucocorticoid, and RU486 at oral doses of 5
      and 20 mg/kg exerts submaximal and maximal antiprogestin activity, respectively,
      in the presence of physiological levels of progesterone.

PMID- 3394475
TI  - Thyroid function of subjects with goitre and cretinism in an endemic goitre area
      of rural China after use of iodized salt.
AB  - Endemic goitre and cretinism are still a public health problem in China. An
      epidemiological survey showed that about 5% of the inhabitants in Daxin village,
      Henan province, had goitre or cretinism after an iodized salt prevention
      programme had been carried out for two decades. The main food for the inhabitants
      of this area has an iodine content less than 30 nmol/kg and the water for cooking
      and drinking has an iodine concentration between 7-12 nmol/l. We studied thyroid
      function in subjects of this village. There were 42 with grade 0 goitre (males
      29, females 13), 42 grade I (males 23, females 19), 27 grade II (males 9, females
      18), 31 grade III (males 14, females 17) and 34 cretinism patients (males 30,
      females 4) diagnosed and classified according to WHO criteria. Serum T4, free T4,
      T3, free T3, T3 uptake, TSH and thyroglobulin were measured in these subjects.
      The patients with goitre or cretinism had significantly decreased serum free T4
      and increased serum T3 and free T3 levels compared with those of controls.
      Thyroid size was positively correlated with age and serum thyroglobulin
      concentrations. Serum thyroglobulin was significantly increased even in the grade
      0 goitre subjects. The percentages of subjects with serum free T4 less than 12
      nmol/l, T3 greater than 2.5 nmol/l, free T3 greater than 5.2 pmol/l, TSH greater
      than 3.5 mU/l, T3/T4 ratio greater than 0.03 and free T3/free T4 ratio greater
      than 0.36 were significantly higher among goitre and cretinism patients than
      among controls. The data suggest that there is partial compensation for a
      marginal deficiency of iodine in the inhabitants of this village.

PMID- 3394476
TI  - Quantitative assessment of the ontogeny of met-enkephalin, norepinephrine and
      epinephrine in the human fetal adrenal medulla.
AB  - The catecholamine producing cells of the adrenal medulla of fetal as well as
      adult mammals contain enkephalins. We have quantified met-enkephalin and the
      catecholamines, norepinephrine and epinephrine, in human fetal adrenal glands
      during the late first trimester and throughout the second trimester of
      intrauterine life. Met-enkephalin (ME) was detectable in human fetal adrenals of
      11 to 25 weeks' gestation by RIA. ME concentrations were low through 14 weeks
      (mean 279 +/- 199 pg/gland), higher but extremely variable from 15 to 20 weeks
      (mean 1100 +/- 1000 pg/gland), and then lower with somewhat less variation
      through 25 weeks (mean 865 +/- 625 pg/gland). In contrast, catecholamine
      concentrations were below 1100 ng/gland through 16 weeks, then increased markedly
      by 21 weeks. Approximately equal concentrations of norepinephrine and epinephrine
      were measured throughout the gestational age period studied. Our data demonstrate
      that enkephalin is present in the human fetal adrenal at least by 11 weeks'
      gestation and suggest that the fetal adrenal may be capable of secreting
      enkephalins as well as catecholamines. The functional significance of adrenal
      enkephalin secretion remains to be elucidated.

PMID- 3394477
TI  - Effects of ephedrine on renal function in patients after major vascular surgery.
AB  - The haemodynamic and renal effects of ephedrine were studied in 11 mechanically
      ventilated patients on the first day after major vascular surgery. Ephedrine, a
      sympathomimetic agent with alpha-1, beta-1, and beta-2 agonistic activity, was
      infused into 11 patients to achieve a 20% rise in systolic blood pressure. The
      doses used were 2-6 micrograms/kg/min, and in six of these 11 patients the dose
      was then doubled, 4-12 micrograms/kg/min for another renal function test. Blood
      pressure, heart rate, and cardiac output increased at both dose-ranges. Systolic
      pulmonary arterial pressure increased by 10% at the first dose-range. Systemic
      vascular resistance was unchanged and plasma catecholamine levels were unaltered
      in the present study. Plasma renin activity diminished by 18% and 6%,
      respectively. Clearance of para-aminohippuric acid increased by 20% and 6%, at
      the two dose-ranges, while clearance of inulin and urine flow rate increased by
      24% and 29%, respectively, at the first dose-range, without further increase
      during the second dose-range. Fractional chloride excretion, and fractional
      osmolar clearance were unaltered. Fractional Na+ clearance rose by 30% and 36%,
      respectively. Fractional free water clearance diminished by 8% at the second dose
      range. When comparing the two dose-ranges, HR, systolic and mean BP rose by 8%,
      13% and 11%, respectively. Fractional K+ excretion diminished by 30%. We conclude
      that ephedrine given as a continuous infusion seems to have beneficial effects on
      renal function in patients after elective major vascular surgery.

PMID- 3394479
TI  - Respiratory failure in mice caused by a hybridoma making antibodies to the 15 kDa
      surfactant apoprotein.
AB  - Hybridoma cells were obtained by fusing spleen cells from mice, immunized against
      the 15 kDa porcine surfactant apoprotein, with a myeloma cell line. Adult mice
      were inoculated intraperitoneally with this hybridoma; mice that were not
      inoculated or were inoculated with myeloma cells served as controls. Lung-thorax
      compliance was measured at various intervals after inoculation. The animals were
      then killed for histologic-morphometric evaluation of alveolar air expansion,
      inflammatory reaction in the pulmonary parenchyma, and intraalveolar edema. In
      the hybridoma group, the mice developed respiratory failure 9 days after
      inoculation, with markedly reduced lung-thorax compliance, lung congestion,
      alveolar collapse, hemorrhagic pulmonary edema, and hyaline membranes.
      Morphometric data from the same animals showed reduced volume density of alveolar
      air, and increased volume densities of intraalveolar "fluid" (edema) and tissue
      components. These lung lesions are similar to those in the adult respiratory
      distress syndrome.

PMID- 3394478
TI  - Acute carbon monoxide poisoning.
AB  - The course and outcome in terms of cerebral morbidity and hospital mortality in
      79 severely carbon monoxide poisoned patients admitted to the intensive care unit
      during a period of 15 years is presented. Treatment consisted of administration
      of pure oxygen. Ninety-four per cent of the patients were artificially
      hyperventilated, and the majority of the patients were also treated with moderate
      hypothermia, steroid hormones and diuretics. Hospital mortality was 30%, and 14%
      of the patients were discharged after long-term hospital treatment with signs of
      brain damage. Due to the unpredictable cerebral course after the acute incident
      long-term follow-up is recommended.

PMID- 3394480
TI  - Intermittent high frequency ventilation: a new mode to measure changes in lung
      volume and alveolar gas concentration, enhance CO2 elimination and reduce
      intrapulmonary pressures.
AB  - A new method of artificial ventilation, intermittent high frequency ventilation
      (IHFV), is described in which high frequency ventilation (HFV) is intermittently
      interrupted so that short periods of ventilation and pauses in ventilation occur
      in sequence several times a minute. During the pauses in ventilation the increase
      in lung volume, which occurs during the short periods of HFV, is either exhaled
      completely or to a predetermined level which prevents sustained hyperinflation of
      the lungs but allows the maintenance of PEEP if required. The volume of gas
      expired during the ventilation pauses, i.e. gas retained during the periods of
      HFV, is measured. When this trapped gas is exhaled completely, the mean airway
      and compliance pressures are reduced by up to 50% compared to continuous HFV at
      the same frequency, inspiration:expiration (I:E) ratio and low tidal volume (VT).
      The alveolar CO2 concentration was measured in gas expired towards the end of the
      pauses in ventilation. CO2 elimination was improved, especially at high
      frequencies of ventilation, which allowed a further reduction in inflation
      pressures while maintaining a constant PaCO2.

PMID- 3394481
TI  - The Venflon cannula as a sideport of infection.
AB  - The possible role of infection through the valved sideport of Venflon cannulae
      was evaluated by one individual who followed an identical procedure of placing a
      syringe into the sideport and injecting saline solution. Basic aseptic techniques
      were used in a contaminated, busy environment. No bacterial growth was found in
      either anaerobic or aerobic culture media following a total of 1500 injections.
      The experiment shows that if the measures used could be applied, infection
      through the sideport would be minimal.

PMID- 3394482
TI  - Dual effect of thiopentone on human granulocyte activation. Non-intervention by
      ketamine and morphine.
AB  - The immune system, defending our organism against infections, can also cause
      disease. Anaesthetics may impair immunological defence by modifying the number
      and functions of immunocompetent cells, including the polymorphonuclear
      leucocytes (PMN). We have studied the effects of thiopentone, ketamine and
      morphine on some stimulated PMN responses that presumably reflect their
      microbicidal activity, i.e. oxygen consumption, aggregation, and volume increase.
      Stimulators were N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP, affecting cells
      via specific membrane receptors) and phorbol-myristate-acetate (PMA, activating
      protein kinase C, thereby short-cutting intramembraneous steps in normal signal
      transmission, and presumably provoking near-maximal cell responses with the dose
      applied). Preincubation of PMN with low doses of thiopentone enhanced oxygen
      consumption in unstimulated cells as well as in response to FMLP, but not PMA.
      FMLP-stimulated volume and aggregation responses were not detectably affected.
      The highest concentration of thiopentone depressed both oxygen uptake and
      volume/aggregation responses in FMLP-stimulated PMN. The amount of oxygen
      consumed after PMA stimulation was not affected, but both the onset of increased
      consumption and the maximal response were delayed. The two other drugs
      investigated, ketamine and morphine, did not appreciably affect oxygen
      consumption or aggregation by PMN: neither the baseline values nor those obtained
      after FMLP or PMA stimulation.

PMID- 3394483
TI  - Splanchnic circulation following coeliac plexus block.
AB  - Both the capacitance vessels and the resistance vessels of the splanchnic area
      are innervated by the sympathetic nerve fibers. We investigated the effect of
      abdominal visceral sympathectomy on splanchnic circulation, and the effect of
      altered splanchnic circulation on systemic circulation in ten mongrel dogs.
      Abdominal visceral sympathectomy was induced by coeliac plexus block with 1 ml/kg
      (body weight) of 1% lidocaine infiltrated around the coeliac artery. Comparison
      was made with infiltration of physiologic saline of the same volume. The saline
      infiltration caused no significant changes in the hemodynamic parameters of
      systemic and splanchnic circulation. Mean arterial pressure decreased
      significantly from 18.2 +/- 2.0 to 14.4 +/- 1.9 kPa following the coeliac plexus
      block, with a concomitant decrease in the cardiac index from 2.63 +/- 0.46 to
      2.30 +/- 0.54 l X min-1 X m-2, while systemic vascular resistance was unchanged.
      Portal vein blood flow, hepatic artery blood flow and, therefore, splanchnic
      blood flow decreased by 8 to 17%. Portal vascular and hepatic artery resistances
      were not affected by abdominal sympathectomy. It was concluded that the
      capacitance vessels in splanchnic circulation are dilated during abdominal
      sympathetic denervation, causing a blood shift from systemic to splanchnic
      circulation. On the other hand, the resistance vessels in splanchnic circulation
      are affected little by abdominal visceral sympathectomy.

PMID- 3394484
TI  - Influence of adenosine-induced hypotension on the canine myocardium rendered
      acutely ischaemic by artificial stenosis.
AB  - An open-chest preparation was carried out in 14 pentobarbitone anaesthetized dogs
      in order to evaluate the myocardial effects of controlled hypotension induced by
      adenosine in the presence of a severe coronary stenosis that caused ischaemia of
      the left anterior ventricular wall. Myocardial performance, blood flow and
      metabolism were studied before and during a 78 +/- 3% reduction of flow in the
      left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) and during adenosine-induced
      hypotension (approximately 40% reduction of the mean arterial pressure) in the
      presence of the LAD stenosis. The LAD stenosis decreased the myocardial lactate
      uptake (P less than 0.01), increased ST-T segment depression (P less than 0.05)
      of the left ventricular subendocardial ECG, and reduced cardiac output by 10% (P
      less than 0.05). In the presence of stenosis, the mean arterial pressure was
      reduced by adenosine from 10.4 +/- 0.6 kPa to 6.3 +/- 0.2 kPa for 15 min. Heart
      rate decreased by 22% (P less than 0.01). There was no change in cardiac output
      during hypotension, while the rate-pressure product decreased by 47% (P less than
      0.01) and myocardial oxygen consumption decreased by 30 +/- 7%. Adenosine
      increased the coronary sinus blood flow by 52% (P less than 0.01), while the LAD
      flow distal to the stenosis was not significantly reduced. Myocardial lactate
      uptake was not further reduced and subendocardial ECG signs of ischaemia were not
      aggravated by the hypotension. In conclusion, adenosine-induced hypotension did
      not aggravate the subendocardial ECG signs of acute poststenotic myocardial
      ischaemia. Nor did myocardial lactate determinations indicate aggravation of
      myocardial ischaemia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3394485
TI  - Severe anaphylactic reactions outside hospital: etiology, symptoms and treatment.
AB  - Twenty-seven patients with severe anaphylactic reactions were treated by two
      anesthesiologist-staffed ambulance helicopters during a 5-year period. All
      patients had signs of respiratory and/or circulatory failure. Cutaneous symptoms
      were described in 70% of the patients, gastrointestinal symptoms in 30% and
      central nervous symptoms in 85%. Wasp sting and drugs were the most common
      causes. Other etiologies were bee sting, snakebite, nuts and exercise. All
      patients were provided with advanced pre-hospital medical care. Epinephrine was
      employed in 78% of the patients. I.v. fluid therapy was started in 77%. Three
      patients (11%) needed endotracheal intubation. The time-span from onset of
      symptoms to medical attendance exceeded 45 min in two patients; both died. Of the
      surviving patients, 23 were hospitalized. The majority had no signs of
      respiratory or circulatory failure on arrival in the emergency room and needed
      only observation in the hospital.

PMID- 3394486
TI  - Antistatic treatment for reducing airborne contamination of insulating materials
      in intensive care.
AB  - In an effort to reduce airborne contamination by Staphylococcus epidermidis
      harboured on emitted skin scales, items used in patient care were studied as
      regards bacterial contamination and electrical resistance. An alcoholic
      benzalkonium chloride sodium was used to coat stopcocks, latex drains, silicon
      drains and plastic covering. Static electricity did not accumulate when the
      insulating resistance was less than 10(9) to 10(10) ohms. Study items not treated
      with the antistatic solution had resistances of greater than 2 x 10(12) ohms,
      which decreased to 2 x 10(6) to 8 x 10(10) ohms following antistatic treatment.
      The resistance of the silicon drain before and after antistatic exposure remained
      unchanged; an increase in its weight after treatment suggests absorption rather
      than the solution adhering to its surface. Statistically significantly lowered
      aerobic bacterial colony counts occurred from study items antistatistically
      treated as compared to those items left untreated. The coating of an entire room
      and its metal contents failed to decrease bacterial contamination. The results
      suggest that coating of insulating objects with an antistatic solution will
      reduce electrical resistance and thereby airborne bacterial contamination.

PMID- 3394487
TI  - Comparison between a new acceleration transducer and a conventional force
      transducer in the evaluation of twitch responses.
AB  - An acceleration transducer elicits an output voltage proportional to the
      deformation of the piezo crystal, in accordance with the twitch responses of the
      applied fingers. The reliability of such a transducer was evaluated by comparing
      induced twitch responses with those from a force transducer applied on the
      contralateral arm of an individual during neuromuscular block with vecuronium.
      The results obtained from twitch responses with the acceleration transducer
      during neuromuscular block were almost identical to those obtained with the force
      transducer. Also, the twitch heights due to acceleration of the examined thumb
      correlated extremely well with the twitch height due to twitch tension with the
      force transducer. It is concluded that the acceleration transducer may be a
      useful and reliable device for monitoring neuromuscular block, although responses
      during tetanic stimulation such as tetanic fade cannot be determined by the
      transducer.

PMID- 3394488
TI  - Which syringe for epidurals?

PMID- 3394489
TI  - Production of toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) associated with
      Staphylococcus aureus from a pyogenic skin infection.
AB  - Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin-1 (TSST-1) producing Staphylococcus aureus associated
      with TSS was isolated from an abscess on buttock, from a two-year-old male child
      suffering from diarrhoea, high fever and shock. The isolate was subclassified
      into S. aureus var. hominis of CV type-D, and was lysed by phage 75 of Group-III.
      It was multidrug resistant, exhibited double ring (DR) CVRT pattern and also
      produced enterotoxin-C (SE-C). Out of 217 S. aureus strains from pyodermas,
      clinical sources, food poisonings and dairy foods, 139 (64.1%) produced
      enterotoxin. SE-C as single (33.8%) or in combinations (25.2%) was common
      enterotoxin. None of these strains produced TSST-1.

PMID- 3394490
TI  - A phage typing system for Salmonella infantis.
AB  - A phage typing method applying 9 type phages was elaborated to subdivide
      Salmonella infantis. Results are reported by the use of Farmer's mnemonic. Out of
      4847 S. infantis strains, 4602 were of human and 245 of non-human origin. The
      strains were typable in 98.9%. Two phage types occurred more frequently than 20%,
      four phage types between 5 and 10%, seven phage types less than 5%, and twenty
      eight phage types less than 1%. The strains originated from outbreaks in 28.7%
      and from sporadic cases in 71.3%. A total of 1320 strains examined for phage type
      was isolated from 4 field epidemics, 39 community outbreaks and 370 family
      infections. In the second version of the method two phages were substituted by
      two more effective ones. The phage typing method was suitable for epidemiological
      purposes. Inducing in vitro changes in phage types by lysogenization and plasmid
      acquisition, phage types 111, 113, 311, 313 and 343 changed to phage types 213,
      243, 513 and 543 after lysogenization and phage types 311 and 543 to phage types
      548, 565 and 885 due to plasmid acquisition.

PMID- 3394491
TI  - Can aluminium be visualized in CNS by silver amplification?

PMID- 3394492
TI  - Long-term endoneurial changes after nerve transection.
AB  - Long-term endoneurial changes in the distal stump of transected rat sciatic nerve
      were examined from 8 to 50 weeks after nerve transection. The morphological
      alterations were followed both in nerves which were allowed to regenerate and in
      nerves in which regeneration was prevented by suturing. The nerves prevented from
      regenerating showed markedly atrophied Schwann cell columns after 20 weeks and a
      disappearance of some Schwann cell columns after 30 weeks. The surrounding
      endoneurial fibroblast-like cells gradually lost their delicate cytoplasmic
      extensions and formed rough fascicles around numerous shrunken Schwann cell
      columns or around areas from which Schwann cells had apparently disappeared.
      Inside the fascicles, the Schwann cell loss was replaced by collagen fibrils or
      occasionally, by a dense accumulation of microfibrils. The loss of endoneurial
      cytoplasmic processes continued up to 50 weeks, leaving behind patches of thin
      fibrils around numerous shrunken Schwann cell columns or around collagenous areas
      where Schwann cells were lost. The endoneurial matrix showed presence of thin 25-
      to 30-nm collagen fibrils close to shrunken Schwann cell columns up to 50 weeks
      but in areas with advanced degeneration a shift towards regular 50- to 60-nm
      collagen fibrils occurred. The degenerated areas resembled those described in
      Renaut bodies and neurofibromas. Despite suturing of transected nerves to prevent
      sprouting, occasional regenerating sprouts were noted in the Schwann cell
      columns. These axons were surrounded in a sheath-like fashion by pre-existing
      endoneurial cell fascicles covered by a basal lamina. In the reinnervating nerves
      the endoneurial space gradually lost its compartmentized structures consisting of
      collagen fibrils and endoneurial fibroblast-like cells. After 20 weeks the
      endoneurial cells were inconspicuous and the extracellular matrix consisted
      mainly of 50- to 60-nm collagen fibrils. During axonal growth and maturation,
      Schwann cells containing unmyelinated axons surrounded large, myelinated axons in
      a collar-like fashion. Close to these collars of Schwann cells, thin 25- to 30-nm
      collagen fibrils were noted in focal areas, even after 50 weeks. Occasionally,
      numerous clusters of regenerating axonal sprouts were noted in the perineurium.
      These were surrounded by multiple layers of cells possessing basal lamina. The
      present results show that after nerve transection the distal stump of the severed
      nerve shows dynamic changes in the endoneurial space, especially in nerves where
      reinnervation is prevented.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3394493
TI  - Canine protozoan polyradiculoneuritis.
AB  - Four pups in a litter of eight Labrador Retrievers suddenly developed hind limb
      weakness. In three, paralysis ascended rapidly resulting in quadriplegia,
      cervical weakness, dysphagia and death. Postmortem examination revealed a severe
      polyradiculoneuritis in which roots, ganglia, and spinal and cranial nerves were
      heavily infiltrated by lymphocytes, plasma cells and macrophages and contained
      abundant protozoan pseudocysts. On sections of the brain and spinal cord protozoa
      were less frequent and appeared independent of the glial nodules which marked
      focal areas of necrosis. The organisms initially were thought to be Toxoplasma
      gondii, but this supposition was not supported by serological,
      immunocytochemical, or electron microscopic findings. Ultrastructurally the
      organisms resembled an unidentified sporozoan parasite, which has been reported
      in the CNS of dogs in Scandinavia. The inflamed spinal roots contained many
      degenerated and demyelinated axons. Electron microscopic studies indicated that
      the tachyzoite-like organisms, through their invasive and proliferative
      activities, brought about many of the degenerative changes in the Schwann cells
      and axons of the spinal roots and nerves.

PMID- 3394494
TI  - Blood-brain barrier disruption and exacerbation of ischemic brain edema after
      restoration of blood flow in experimental focal cerebral ischemia.
AB  - The mechanism of exacerbation of ischemic brain edema after blood flow
      restoration was studied in 20 cats under ketamine and alpha-chloralose
      anesthesia. Regional cerebral blood flow was measured by the hydrogen clearance
      method, and the left middle cerebral artery (MCA) was occluded for 6 h in group
      A, and for 3 h with subsequent 3 h recirculation in group B. Severity of brain
      edema was assessed by specific gravity measurement of tissue samples taken from
      coronal brain sections at the MCA area, while severity of blood-brain barrier
      (BBB) disruption was determined by measuring the amount of extravasated serum
      albumin by using [125I]albumin and tissue-uptake method in the same samples as
      those used for gravimetry. Structural and ultrastructural change was correlated
      with the severity of ischemic brain edema and BBB disruption. The results
      obtained showed that: (i) ischemic brain edema observed in group A was not
      associated with BBB opening to serum proteins; (ii) ischemic edema in group B was
      exacerbated significantly after recirculation in correlation with serum protein
      extravasation in most of the post-ischemic area; (iii) in the severely edematous
      area, serum protein extravasation reached a plateau and morphological examination
      at this type of area revealed cell membrane disruption especially of astrocytes,
      with leakage of intracellular substances. Our study indicated that the increase
      of extracellular osmotic pressure due to leakage of serum proteins via the
      disrupted BBB and of intracellular substances via the ischemically injured cell
      membrane into the extracellular space is the mechanism responsible for edema
      fluid accumulation in exacerbated ischemic brain edema.

PMID- 3394495
TI  - Alteration of neuronal cytoskeletal organization in dorsal root ganglia
      associated with pyridoxine neurotoxicity.
AB  - The pathogenesis of the sensory neurotoxicity arising from high doses of
      pyridoxine is obscure. Beagle dogs were fed 200 mg pyridoxine/kg per day and
      killed at 4, 10, 14 and 16 days. Dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and their processes
      were processed for electron microscopy and teased-fiber preparation following
      perfusion of anesthetized animals with heparinized saline and a fixative solution
      of 3% paraformaldehyde, 1% glutaraldehyde. Four days after initiation of
      treatment a striking accumulation of neurofilament (NF) in proximal unmyelinated
      axons of the DRG was observed. Domains of altered NF cytoskeleton consisting of
      well-demarcated zones of higher packing density and anomalous orientation were
      observed, mainly in the myelinated part of the DRG segment. In addition,
      aggregates of microtubules (MT) were noted. In the cyton the Golgi complexes were
      abundant and the Nissl bodies together with the NF appeared increased in numbers.
      At 10 days NF and MT aggregations were readily apparent in both perikarya and
      proximal cell processes. This phenomena was diminished in the 14- and 16-day
      treated animals and retrogressive histological features appeared in the soma and
      in axons. Degeneration of NF with subsequent reduction in size of the axonal
      swellings and axonal breakdown with phagocytosis were prominent in central and
      peripheral processes of DRG. Cytons distended by NF were less prominent.
      Necrotizing changes, evidenced by disruption of the soma with the proliferation
      of satellite cells, were present. These results indicate that an early
      morphological correlate of pyridoxine neurotoxicity is the accumulation of NF
      with MT-NF dissociation in the unipolar process of the DRG in the absence of
      extensive vacuolization, and that the observed cytoskeletal disruption may be
      related to an increased rate of NF protein synthesis together with mechanical
      obstruction of transport phenomena.

PMID- 3394496
TI  - Haemangioblastoma. An immunohistochemical study of ten cases.
AB  - Ten cases of cerebellar haemangioblastoma were studied using the immunoperoxidase
      technique for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), Factor VIII-related antigen
      (F8RA), Ulex europeus agglutinin 1 (UEA-1), S-100 protein, neurone-specific
      enolase (NSE), leucocyte common antigen, synaptophysin, chromogranin and eight
      polypeptide hormones (bombesin, pancreatic polypeptide, somatostatin,
      thyroglobulin, calcitonin, glucagon, insulin and gastrin). GFAP and S-100 were
      demonstrated at the periphery of all tumours and in small groups of cells in the
      centre of four cases. Most of these cells had the morphology of reactive
      astrocytes but some had the appearance of stromal cells. In general stromal cells
      gave negative results. F8RA and UEA-1 stained the endothelial cells in each case
      but there was no stromal cell reactivity. NSE was present in the stromal cell
      component of all tumours. There was no staining for synaptophysin, for
      chromogranin, or any of the polypeptide hormones. It therefore appears that some
      haemangioblastomas contain an admixed non-neoplastic astrocytic element. NSE,
      F8RA and UEA-1 staining demonstrates that the endothelial and stromal cell parts
      of the tumour are antigenically distinct. Recent reports of polypeptide hormone
      expression cannot be confirmed and it is therefore unlikely that stromal cells
      originate from primitive peptidergic neurones.

PMID- 3394497
TI  - The laminar distribution of neuritic plaques in the fascia dentata of patients
      with Alzheimer's disease.
AB  - Neuritic plaques are prominent in the fascia dentata of the hippocampus and are
      often linearly oriented in stratum moleculare. Since the afferents to this region
      are also organized in a laminar pattern, the present study focused on the
      relative number and laminar distribution of plaques in this region to shed light
      on the genesis of the neuritic plaques. Examination of 19 brains from patients
      with Alzheimer's disease showed approximately the same number of plaques in the
      stratum moleculare of the fascia dentata and in CA1 (Sommer's sector) of the
      hippocampus, even though the area of the latter is much greater. Laminar analysis
      of plaque location showed that the plaques were centered on a band between 26%
      and 40% of the way between the border of stratum granulosum and the outer edge of
      stratum moleculare. The mean location was 35% of the way through the layer at the
      intersection of the inner and middle thirds. Plaques appear in approximately the
      same location, but in lesser numbers, in non-demented patients. The significance
      of this localization is discussed in terms of the normal anatomy of the fascia
      dentata and its possible reorganization in Alzheimer's disease. The
      predictability of plaque formation in this region could be useful in defining the
      pathogenesis of the neuritic plaque.

PMID- 3394498
TI  - [2 cases of primary cancer of the trachea].
AB  - During the 1985-1986 academic year, two patients with primary cancers of the
      trachea were operated at ENT department of Liege University, one by cylindrical
      resection of trachea. Seeing the rarity of these tumors, the author reports the
      two cases and reviews the literature (symptomatology, histopathological types,
      treatment and prognosis).

PMID- 3394500
TI  - Nasal meningioma. Report of a case.
AB  - A case of intranasal meningioma is reported. The possible etiopathogenic
      hypothesis is discussed giving advice on excluding a possible intracranial
      primary neoplasia. Therapy is also briefly discussed.

PMID- 3394499
TI  - Neurosurgical techniques in the treatment of trigeminal pain.

PMID- 3394503
TI  - Heparin cofactor II, antithrombin and protein C in plasma from term and preterm
      infants.
AB  - The coagulation inhibitors heparin cofactor II (HC II), antithrombin (AT) and
      protein C (PC) were measured in healthy term and preterm infants in order to
      establish reference standards. The mean value for HC II in term infants was found
      to be about half of the adult values. Values below 25% in healthy infants may
      suggest hereditary deficiency states. One girl with congenital HC II deficiency
      was detected. Mean AT and PC levels were somewhat higher than HC II. Healthy
      preterm infants have significantly lower HC II and AT values than healthy term
      infants. Serial AT measurements have been used in monitoring seriously ill
      infants and used as a prognostic indicator. In a small number of unhealthy
      neonates HC II was reduced to an even greater extent than AT, and on recovery
      normalized more rapidly than AT.

PMID- 3394501
TI  - [Clinical application of intermediate spectrum analysis of the voice. Preliminary
      study].
AB  - Until now, the objective examination of the voice quality has remained confined
      to the laboratory. The coming out of the Bruel and Kjaer 2033 type high
      resolution voice frequency analyzer led us now to realize a rapid recording and
      easy reading of the fundamental frequency and of the main harmonics. An objective
      document can thus be filed as a comparison before and after treatment. The
      recording relates to the intensity in terms of the frequency. The intensity is
      principally investigated in the linear mode, that is, in mv. The frequency is
      usually recorded from 0 to 1000 Hz so that one can observe the first harmonics.
      The retained tests in addition to the intensity and the frequency peaks are the
      peak enlargement, the hooks and the parasite vocal sounds.

PMID- 3394502
TI  - [A rare recurrent sinus tumor].
AB  - The schneiderian papilloma, rare tumor of the nose and paranasal sinuses, have a
      marked predominance of men in the fourth or fifth decade of life. The most common
      symptom is an unilateral progressive nasal obstruction. Abnormal tissue in the
      nasal fossa is found in all cases. A capacity to destroy, a tendency to recur and
      an association with malignancy characterise this tumor with an obscure aetiology.
      Radical surgery is advocated as a treatment of choice, an adequate method is the
      lateral rhinotomy.

PMID- 3394504
TI  - Possible etiological factors in extensive periventricular leukomalacia of preterm
      infants.
AB  - During a twelve-month period five cases of extensive periventricular leukomalacia
      (PVL) in preterm infants with a gestational age of 31-32 weeks were diagnosed by
      routine ultrasound screening of preterm infants. The perinatal courses and later
      development of these infants were compared with 12 other infants with a
      comparable gestational age born during the same time period. PVL babies were
      delivered more often by the vaginal route (p = 0.0034), and their mean highest
      serum total bilirubin value was significantly higher (p = 0.0054) than that of
      the control infants. The mean value of the highest blood pH during the first 72
      hours of life was also significantly higher (p = 0.0311) in PVL babies than in
      control babies. On the basis of these results we speculate that in addition to
      ischaemia in the periventricular area, bilirubin toxicity may play an additional
      role in the severe damage seen in extensive periventricular leukomalacia.

PMID- 3394505
TI  - Examination of infant brain maturation using ultra low field MRI.
AB  - The brains of 42 newborn infants were examined with MRI at 0.02 T field, and
      regional variations of T1 relaxation time were measured from the images. There
      were three groups: 1. full term infants (9), 2. preterm infants (10) and 3. SGA
      (= small for gestational age) infants (20). Relaxation times showed a correlation
      to myelination of the brain. The brain of SGA infants showed a large variation in
      their T1 values.

PMID- 3394506
TI  - Longitudinal analysis of infantile growth in children with celiac disease.
AB  - The aim of the present study was to describe linear growth of infants with celiac
      disease, using the "ICP-growth model". Supine length during the first three years
      of life was studied longitudinally in 63 infants with diagnosed celiac disease.
      "Undisturbed" linear growth was seen during the first six postnatal months
      followed by reduced growth during the second half of the first year. After 1.5
      years of age a pattern of catch-up growth was observed, leading to an average
      attained length at 3 years of age similar to that of the controls. According to
      the "ICP-growth model", normal linear growth can mathematically be represented
      during the first 3 years of life by an Infancy component with the addition of a
      Childhood component, the latter acting from the second half of the first
      postnatal year. The onset of the Childhood component (assumed to represent the
      age at which growth hormone begins to influence linear growth significantly) was
      delayed by about an average of 3 months, which is in agreement with the observed
      reduction in gain during the second half of the first year of life. Children
      suffering from celiac disease and with "late" onset of the Childhood component
      were shorter at 1, 2 and 3 years of age than those with "normal" onset. The
      results of this investigation show that ICP-based growth charts are helpful in
      detecting and monitoring growth for children with celiac disease, and indicate a
      possible mechanism whereby malabsorption (and perhaps secondary malnutrition)
      leads to reduced growth velocity.

PMID- 3394508
TI  - Hypoglycaemia in childhood diabetes. II. Effect of subcutaneous or intramuscular
      injection of different doses of glucagon.
AB  - Hypoglycaemia (blood glucose 1.3-2.5 mmol/l) was induced in thirty diabetic
      children by reduction of their morning meal. Glucagon, 10 or 20 micrograms/kg was
      then given by intramuscular or subcutaneous injection. Ten min later, all signs
      of hypoglycaemia had disappeared and blood glucose concentrations increased by
      0.7-3.3 mmol/l. Glucagon plasma concentrations at glucose nadir were low, 23 +/-
      8 pmol/l, rose to 300 +/- 42 ten min after the injection and reached peak values
      after another ten min. Later, a slow decrease was noted. No significant
      difference of blood glucose or plasma glucagon concentrations were found after
      subcutaneous or intramuscular injections of 20 micrograms/kg. After 10
      micrograms/kg, slightly lower increase of blood glucose was seen, but the
      clinical effect was equally good. Nausea occurred in four children given 20
      micrograms/kg. The rise of blood glucose did not correlate to the peak glucagon
      concentration obtained after the injection but showed significant correlations to
      the lowest glucose concentration and, inversely, to the concentration of free
      insulin in blood at glucose nadir. It is concluded that glucagon injections are
      effective in hypoglycaemia in insulin-treated diabetic children and that the
      injection of 10-20 micrograms/kg gives long-standing supraphysiological
      concentrations which make repeated injections unnecessary.

PMID- 3394507
TI  - Estrogen treatment of excessively tall girls with Marfan syndrome.
AB  - Five girls with Marfan syndrome were treated with estrogens for reduction of
      their final heights. Treatment was started at a chronological age of 12.0 +/- 0.5
      years and height of 173.0 +/- 3.1 cm (means +/- SEM). Skeletal age was 12.4 +/-
      0.2 years and Bayley-Pinneau final height prediction 186.3 +/- 1.4 cm. Estrogen
      treatment for 2.0 +/- 0.4 years resulted in final height of 184.1 +/- 0.2 cm (p
      less than 0.05). The weight increased with 7.8 +/- 2.7 kg during the treatment
      period. The present results indicate that estrogen treatment may be effective in
      reducing adult height in girls with Marfan syndrome, but that the effect is
      probably less than that observed in normally tall girls. This may probably be
      explained by the rather late start of treatment. No immediate effects on aortic
      root diameters were observed. Estrogen treatment in Marfan syndrome is discussed
      with regard to beneficial effects, possible side-effects and optimal age for
      starting treatment.

PMID- 3394509
TI  - Plasma lipid and apolipoprotein levels in children hereditarily predisposed to
      coronary heart disease.
AB  - Plasma lipids and apoproteins A-I, A-II and B levels were measured in 125
      children whose fathers had coronary atherosclerosis (paternal coronary heart
      disease group), in 172 children with blood pressure lability and in 154 children
      selected at random from a representative subsample (reference). The paternal
      coronary heart disease group had, compared with the reference group, lower levels
      of high density lipoprotein cholesterol and apoprotein A-I, higher levels of low
      density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides and apoprotein B, and also a
      higher ratio of apoprotein B to apoprotein A-I. The paternal coronary heart
      disease group subjects with blood pressure lability had the most pronounced
      changes in the lipoprotein spectrum, which were similar to atherogenic changes in
      the lipoprotein profile, characteristic of patients with coronary
      atherosclerosis.

PMID- 3394510
TI  - Compliance with a dietary manipulation programme in families with infants prone
      to atopy.
AB  - The success of familial compliance with a dietary manipulation programme was
      studied prospectively in 91 newborn babies from atopic families for up to 12
      months. The control group consisted of 72 infants from non-atopic families. The
      percentages of infants breast-fed at the age of six months were 58% and 38% in
      the study group and control group, respectively. The introduction of cow's milk
      based formulas was postponed until the age of three months in 63% of the infants
      in the study group and 47% of the infants in the control group. Solid food was
      avoided during the first three months in 76% and 45% of the infants in the study
      group and control group, respectively. Maternal age, smoking and low social class
      were associated with poor compliance. The existence of atopic dermatitis in any
      member of the family was associated with good compliance. The main advantages of
      our programme were the increased number of children breast-fed until the age of
      six months, and the reduced number of infants introduced to cow's milk based
      formulas or solid food before three months of age.

PMID- 3394511
TI  - Pulmonary resection for localized bronchiectasis in cystic fibrosis. Report of
      three cases and review of the literature.
AB  - Three children with cystic fibrosis and localized bronchiectasis were treated by
      surgical removal of the affected lobe, after attempts to clear the obstructed
      bronchus by medical therapy and bronchoscopy with suction and lavage had been
      unsuccessful. Three to six years after surgery, the results are excellent.
      Pulmonary disease is mild in all patients, shown by chest radiographs and
      pulmonary function tests. A review of 102 cases reported in the literature
      demonstrates that pulmonary surgery is effective and can be performed safely in
      selected patients.

PMID- 3394512
TI  - Orocoecal transit time in healthy and constipated children.
AB  - Orocoecal transit time (OCTT), assessed by means of H2 breath test after
      lactulose and/or after a semisolid standard meal, was studied in normal and
      constipated children. Both control subjects and patients with constipation showed
      a significantly longer OCTT after a standard meal than after lactulose ingestion
      (p less than 0.01). Whereas the OCTT after lactulose did not differ in the two
      groups, the constipated patients had a significantly longer transit time after a
      standard meal when compared to controls (p less than 0.05). No correlation was
      observed within each group between the OCTT after a standard meal or after
      lactulose ingestion (r = -0.077; p greater than 0.01). These findings suggest
      that 1) measurement of the transit of a standard meal instead of a lactulose
      solution may offer more direct insight into the role of small intestinal transit
      of food, both in physiological and pathological conditions, 2) gastrointestinal
      segments other than colon may play a role in chronic non organic constipation of
      childhood.

PMID- 3394513
TI  - Children with craniopharyngioma. Early growth failure and rapid postoperative
      weight gain.
AB  - Pre- and postoperative growth was analyzed in 22 children with craniopharyngioma.
      In 19 children a growth failure preceded the diagnosis by a mean of 4 years. Six
      children were obese preoperatively. During the first 3 postoperative months
      relative weight increased greater than 10% in 14/21 children (there was one
      surgical death). One year after surgery 13/21 were obese. Neither the size of the
      tumor nor the mode of surgery was decisive in the development of the obesity.
      Serum insulin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) were assessed in four
      children with growth hormone deficiency (GHD) who, after surgery for
      craniopharyngioma, were growing normally without GH substitution. One of them was
      normal in weight and had normal insulin and IGF-I levels; the others were obese
      and had supranormal insulin and subnormal IGF-I levels. One of the four and two
      other children with unsubstituted GHD reached final height SDS -0.8, -2.0 and 
      2.4. One child with normal postoperative GH response reached final height SDS 
      0.7. Final height SDS greater than or equal to -2.5 was gained with GH
      substitution by 6/11 children. It was greater than 2.0 SD below the height SDS
      expected from the heights of the parents in 7/11. An adequate monitoring of
      children's growth would lead to earlier diagnosis and probably better outcome.

PMID- 3394514
TI  - Partial splenic embolization in hypersplenism.
AB  - Four patients with portal hypertension, oesophageal varices and severe
      hypersplenism were treated by partial splenic embolization. All showed
      improvement of blood and platelet counts early in the postoperative period. Three
      months after embolization IgA and C3 levels increased significantly. All patients
      had a decrease in the incidence of variceal bleeding and this procedure provides
      an acceptable alternative to splenectomy.

PMID- 3394515
TI  - Antivenom treatment in snake bites.

PMID- 3394518
TI  - Impaired neutrophil chemotaxis in two patients with mucolipidosis II.

PMID- 3394517
TI  - The association of supernumerary microtubules and immotile cilia syndrome and
      defective neutrophil chemotaxis.

PMID- 3394516
TI  - Neonatal campylobacter enteritis with secondary lactose intolerance.

PMID- 3394519
TI  - High stature in neonatal myotubular myopathy.

PMID- 3394520
TI  - Efficacy of beclomethasone nasal drops, administered in the Moffat's position for
      nasal polyposis.

PMID- 3394521
TI  - Congenital hypothyroid goiter and amiodarone.
AB  - Amiodarone is an anti-arrhythmic drug with a content of 39% Iodine. No adverse
      effects on fetal thyroid function have previously been observed with maternal
      ingestion of Amiodarone during pregnancy. A case of severe congenital
      hypothyroidism with goiter, associated with maternal ingestion of 200 mg
      Amiodarone daily from the 13th week of pregnancy, is described here. No other
      environmental causes of goiter, nor a congenital organic thyroid disorder could
      be demonstrated.

PMID- 3394522
TI  - Role of lysosomes in mesenteric arterial lesions of renal hypertensive rats.
AB  - The acid phosphatase activities of arterial cells in the mesenteric arteries of
      renal hypertensive rats were investigated by both light and electron microscopy.
      Light microscopically, strongly positive acid phosphatase reactions were
      confirmed in endothelial cells, intimal cells, medial cells and adventitial cells
      of the mesenteric arteries, together with considerable deposition of fibrinoid
      substance in the intima and media in contrast to the appearance in control rats.
      Electron microscopically, lysosomes with acid phosphatase-positive reaction
      products were increased in number in endothelial cells, intimal smooth muscle
      cells, medial smooth muscle cells and adventitial neutrophils or macrophages. The
      lysosomes in intimal smooth muscle cells and those which were extracellularly
      discharged were responsible for lysis of the fibrinoid substance. In the media,
      acid phosphatase-positive lysosomes of medial cells and extracellularly
      discharged matrix lysosomes with acid phosphatase-positive reactions were also
      involved in the hydrolysis of necrotic substances and extracellular matrix. These
      acid phosphatase-positive reactions were diminished both light and electron
      microscopically in endothelial cells, intimal cells, medial muscle cells and
      adventitial cells in the regions of healing arteries where fibrinoid substance
      had been degradated and the intima showed cellulofibrous thickening. The possible
      role of this acid phosphatase activation for the clearance of cell debris as well
      as exudative substances in the healing of damaged arterial tissue was discussed.

PMID- 3394523
TI  - Ultrastructure of kidney from three patients with HBeAg-associated nephropathy
      with special reference to virus-like particles in the glomerular tufts.
AB  - The biopsied kidneys from three patients with hepatitis Be antigen (HBeAg)
      associated nephropathy were observed by light microscopy, immunohistochemistry
      and electron microscopy. By an indirect technique utilizing horseradish
      peroxidase-conjugated antisera, HBeAg was found to be deposited in a diffuse
      granular fashion along the glomerular capillary wall. No deposition of hepatitis
      Bs or hepatitis Bc antigen was detected. The three cases were diagnosed as HBeAg
      associated nephropathy. Ultrastructurally, there were finely granular electron
      dense deposits in the subendothelial area, basement membrane, mesangial area and
      subepithelial area of the glomerular tufts. In all three cases, virus-like
      particles between 30 and 70 nm in diameter were also found in such areas of the
      glomerular tufts, and rarely in the glomerular capillary lumen and space of
      Bowman. They occasionally formed clusters in the phagosomes of mesangial cells.
      In addition, tubulo-reticular structures were noted in the cytoplasm of
      endothelial cells in the glomerular capillaries. The presence of HBeAg both in
      the serum and in the kidney and of virus-like particles in the glomerular tufts
      suggests that HBeAg is causally related to the development of HBeAg-associated
      nephropathy.

PMID- 3394524
TI  - Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia with malignant lymphoma. An autopsy case.
AB  - A 60-year-old Japanese woman was diagnosed at autopsy as having had hereditary
      hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) associated with systemic hemangiomas. In her
      reproduction period, premenstrual epistaxis frequently occurred. At the age of
      60, the patient died of malignant lymphoma. At autopsy, multiple telangiectatic
      spots were noted on the face, limbs and trunk. The paraaortic lymph nodes, which
      were enlarged and irregularly conglomerated, were histologically diagnosed as
      malignant lymphoma of the diffuse large cell type. Submucosal telangiectatic
      lesions were found in the gastrointestinal system from the oral cavity to the
      rectum. Cavernous hemangiomas were present in various visceral organs including
      the liver, spleen, small and large intestines, rectum, appendix, uterus, and
      jejunal and colonic mesenteries. There was an arteriovenous fistula in the left
      lung. Examination of her family pedigree showed that the patient had an autosomal
      dominant trait of inheritance. The pathogenesis of the systemic visceral
      hemangiomas observed in this patient was considered to be similar to that of
      harmartoma.

PMID- 3394526
TI  - Elevation of the renal enzyme N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase in affectively
      disordered patients.
AB  - A minority of patients with affective disorders experience mild elevations of the
      renal enzyme N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAG). Some affectively disordered
      patients also have reduced concentrating ability and reduced creatinine
      clearance. Thirty-one affectively disordered patients were compared to 17 healthy
      controls, to evaluate whether these various renal abnormalities are associated
      with one another and to further examine the proportion of affectively disordered
      patients experiencing NAG elevations. Twenty-nine percent of patients had an
      elevated NAG, whereas none of the controls did (P less than .005). There was a
      trend for an association between elevated NAGs and reduced creatinine clearance
      (P less than .08), but no association was found between concentrating ability and
      either elevated NAG or reduced creatinine clearance.

PMID- 3394525
TI  - Primary mucosal hyperplasia of the gallbladder.
AB  - A case of primary mucosal hyperplasia of the gallbladder in a 55-year-old man is
      reported. Endoscopic ultrasonography demonstrated diffuse mucosal thickening of
      the gallbladder which was associated with anomalous union of the pancreatico
      biliary duct system. Histologically, the mucosa showed villous and spongioid
      hyperplasia. The mucosa, which consisted of tall columnar cells that were
      morphologically similar to ordinary gallbladder epithelium, showed no metaplastic
      changes such as occurrence of mucous glands, Paneth cells, goblet cells,
      endocrine cells, or lysozyme immunoreactivity. These findings suggested that this
      disease was based on hyperplasia of ordinary gallbladder epithelium.

PMID- 3394527
TI  - Speech characteristics as indicators of depressive illness.
AB  - Measures of the rate of change of voice fundamental frequency, fundamental
      frequency variability, reading and counting times, and different measures of
      pause time were compared in 28 depressed patients and 13 healthy controls. The
      fundamental frequency variables were lower in the depressed group, and the pauses
      between the interviewer's questions and the patient's answers were longer. The
      remaining speech variables, including the summed duration of interdigit pauses in
      counting from 1 to 10 (speech pause time), did not differ between the groups.

PMID- 3394528
TI  - Adolescent suicide attempts: sex differences predicting suicide.
AB  - Four hundred and twenty-two consecutive hospitalized suicide attempts made by 15
      19 year old girls and boys in Helsinki area were investigated. One hundred and
      twenty suicide attempts were made by 115 boys and 302 by 247 girls. Differences
      between sex were analyzed. Boys had more severe adaptive problems. Their overall
      level of functioning was poorer than was that of the girls. Their physical health
      was not as good as that of the girls. Boys did not carry out more severe suicide
      attempts as concerns the estimated lethality and intent of the attempt, but their
      suicide attempts seemed to be connected with more severe physical, mental and
      social problems. Boys were more susceptible to alcohol provoked suicidal
      behaviour than girls, and they presented less appealing motives. The outcome of
      the boys was much worse than the outcome of the girls. Risk ratio for suicide
      during the 5-year follow-up was 2.0 for boys and 0.55 for girls. Risk ratio
      concerning violent death was 2.43 for boys and 0.33 for girls. Young male
      adolescents attempting suicide should be taken very seriously as a risk group for
      subsequent suicide.

PMID- 3394529
TI  - Patterns of mental health care in two European areas: Mannheim, Federal Republic
      of Germany; and Groningen, The Netherlands.
AB  - All consecutive cases entering the mental health services cooperating with the
      cumulative psychiatric case register of Mannheim between 1-31 July 1976 were
      followed up until the end of June 1978 and compared with the consecutive cases
      entering the mental health services cooperating with the psychiatric case
      register of Groningen between 1 January and 1 May 1979. Patterns of in-, day- and
      outpatient care delivered to these 2 cohorts of patients, who were greater than
      or equal to 15 years of age, and who had not been in contact with one of the
      services for at least 6 months prior to entry, were compared by diagnostic
      category. The most common episode of care was the relatively brief outpatient
      one. Mixed types of care and chronic cases were more common among patients with a
      psychosis or an addiction than in other diagnostic categories. Between 6 and 24
      months after first contact 76% of the patients in Mannheim and 43% of the
      patients in Groningen had no more contacts. Between 18 and 24 months after the
      first contact the percentages had increased to 90 and 72% (respectively). In
      Groningen a higher percentage of patients received outpatient care only. Although
      a larger percentage of patients in Mannheim received inpatient care, the
      accumulation of "new chronic" patients was larger in Groningen, as a result of a
      greater length of stay in Groningen.

PMID- 3394530
TI  - Identifying anxiety and depressive disorders among primary care patients: a pilot
      study.
AB  - One stage case-identification method, using the Arabic Version of the Hospital
      Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD) was applied in a pilot study for estimating
      the prevalence of depressive and anxiety disorders among a group of Saudi primary
      care attenders. The validity of the Arabic Version of the HAD scale was
      previously tested and found valid with high sensitivity and specificity. The
      total prevalence rate of depression was 17% and that of anxiety was 16%. Seven
      percent of the sample suffered both depression and anxiety i.e. the total
      percentage of patients with depression, anxiety or both was 26%. Higher morbidity
      of depression was recorded among females and a higher morbidity of anxiety among
      male patients.

PMID- 3394531
TI  - Evaluation of psychiatric consultations with suicide attempters.
AB  - Diagnosis, management and disposition were evaluated in 120 psychiatric
      consultations with patients referred to a university hospital following an
      attempted suicide. Data were registered by hospital nurses and psychiatric
      consultants, and the patients were extensively interviewed after discharge. Many
      patients (43%) had been admitted to a psychiatric hospital on previous occasions
      or at the time of the suicide attempt. In almost one third of the cases, the
      consultants did not take sufficient interest in the patients' accounts of the
      last and previous suicide attempts. Their estimation of the reoccurrence of
      suicidal behaviour had a low predictive value (54%). One fourth to one half of
      the patients were negative about or not satisfied with the consultation. The
      compliance with the psychiatric consultants' referrals, however, was very high
      (79%). Although a large group of patients received effective care, the
      consultants did not pay enough attention to the group of (former) in-patients
      with recurrent suicidal behaviour. Possible causes and consequences of these
      findings are discussed.

PMID- 3394533
TI  - Parasuicidal snow-wandering in Arctic northern Norway.
AB  - Psychiatric morbidity in the Arctic has not been extensively studied. Seasonal
      variations in climate, light and darkness are unique for these areas and impose
      special kinds of strains on the population. Three case-histories focusing on snow
      wandering as a parasuicidal act are presented. One of them bears some resemblance
      to the Arctic hysteria described among Eskimoes. Reasons for choosing snow
      wandering as an alternative to other kinds of suicide are discussed and a
      hypothesis is suggested. The psychological and physiological factors as
      explanations for post snow-wandering amnesia are discussed.

PMID- 3394532
TI  - Psychological aspects of intersex in Saudi patients.
AB  - Four cases of male pseudo-hermaphrodism were seen post pubertal. All had been
      reared as females unambiguously since birth. Two cases developed male gender
      identity post pubertal, but failed to declare themselves to their families and
      society until a similar case had been publicized in the local newspaper. The
      third case did not reveal her problem to her family even after being informed by
      a doctor at the age of 15, and was discovered accidentally at the age of 22 on
      routine medical examination. The fourth was discovered accidentally at age 40
      after having been married and divorced. The families of the four cases shared a
      strong desire for their children to be reassigned to the male sex including the
      third case, irrespective of being assured of her female gender identity by
      physicians. Psychiatric and social problems encountered pre- and post-operatively
      are discussed with particular emphasis on the role of culture and traditions.

PMID- 3394534
TI  - A prospective 5-year follow-up study of self-poisoned patients.
AB  - A 5-year follow-up study of 253 patients discharged after self-poisoning is
      presented. Repeated acts of self-poisoning occurred mainly in the first year
      after discharge; 20% and 22% of female and male patients, respectively. This
      number is a minimum, the migration frequency being high. Very few patients
      responded to a letter asking them for a follow-up interview, only 56% and 42% of
      female and male patients, respectively. Five years after discharge 18% of male
      patients and 11% of female patients had died. The 5-year mortality rate was 73
      times the expected value for male patients and 109 times the expected value for
      female patients.

PMID- 3394535
TI  - Clinical predictors of course and outcome in delusional psychosis.
AB  - The purpose of the study was to examine whether clinical variables of first
      admitted patients with delusional psychosis were of predictive importance of
      course and outcome illuminated through the dimensions: psychotic symptoms,
      impairment, remission, and relapse at 2-year follow-up. Male, sex, age below 30
      years, unmarried, long duration of psychosis, and absence of psychosocial stress
      prior to first admission were all statistically predictive of poor outcome.
      Concerning nonspecific psychological distress high mean values on the subscales
      of helplessness-hopelessness, dread and antisocial history were correlated to
      poor outcome as was low mean value of active expression of hostility. Concerning
      psychopathology assessed by PSE individual items as lost emotions, thought
      insertion, thought broadcast, primary delusions and certain auditory
      hallucinations (voices discussing/commenting subject in third person) predicted
      poor outcome. Further classes of PSE symptoms as perceptual disorder, thought
      disorder, and delusions of influence predicted poor outcome too. Other prognostic
      unfavourable variables were systematisation of delusions, severe preoccupation
      with present delusions and no suspicion of attempt at concealment of delusions
      and hallucinations.

PMID- 3394536
TI  - Aetiological and precipiating factors in wife battering. A psychosocial study of
      battered wives.
AB  - Forty-nine women who attended a surgical emergency department after being
      battered are the subjects of this prospective study. The childhood and
      adolescence of the women had been marked by abuse and violence in the parental
      home. Most of the women had suffered prolonged, repeated battering. Fifty-one per
      cent of the women and 88% of their male assailants were considered to be heavy
      consumers of alcohol and in over half of the cases of battering both the man and
      the women had been drinking. In most cases the women's own children were present
      when the mother was beaten. One third of the women stated that they were highly
      dependent on the man in question emotionally. It is concluded that social
      heredity, heavy consumption of alcohol and emotional dependence on the male
      assailant are major reasons for the woman's inability to break away from a
      relationship characterized by repeated battering.

PMID- 3394537
TI  - Total and free testosterone in depressed men.
AB  - Total and free testosterone, estradiol and cortisol were measured in 12 depressed
      males and 12 age-matched normal volunteers. There was no significant difference
      in any of the hormone levels between the patient and control group. Total
      testosterone was negatively correlated with age in the depressed group, but not
      with severity of depression.

PMID- 3394538
TI  - Sociodemographic characteristics and length of psychiatric hospital stay:
      application of a proportional hazards model.
AB  - A proportional hazards model was used to analyze effects of sociodemographic
      variables on length of hospital stay in psychiatric patients. Marital status and
      socioeconomic status had a significant influence in psychotic patients, but not
      in neuroses. A significant time dependency of hazard rate was also found.

PMID- 3394539
TI  - Mania following head injury.
AB  - A case of mania following head injury in an individual with a genetic
      predisposition to schizophrenia is reported. It is argued that the head injury is
      probably causative in his case and suggested that head injury should be
      considered as one of the aetiological factors in secondary mania.

PMID- 3394540
TI  - A case of organic brain syndrome following head injury successfully treated with
      carbamazepine.
AB  - A case of organic brain syndrome occurring in relation to psychological stress 2
      years after a severe head injury is described. Treatment with haloperidol
      resulted only in slight improvement. A dramatic improvement was achieved with
      carbamazepine.

PMID- 3394541
TI  - The Glasgow-Liege Scale. Prognostic value and evolution of motor response and
      brain stem reflexes after severe head injury.
AB  - In 1982, we developed a new coma scale, the Glasgow-Liege Scale (GLS), which
      combines the Glasgow coma scale (GCS) with the quantified analysis of five brain
      stem reflexes. After severe head injury, the two most important parameters for
      determining the degree of encephalic disturbances are motor responses (M) and
      brain stem reflexes (R). The object of this study was to further evaluate the
      prognosis ability of M and R on admission and during the first month after
      injury. The study is based on 141 patients. The highest score, during the first
      day, was less than or equal to 7 on the GCS and 12 on the GLS. Using a multiple
      group logistic discriminant analysis, we confirmed that, in the first 24 hours,
      the study of brain stem reflexes appears to be the one factor with the best
      prognostic ability. We also showed that the prognostic value of certain signs is
      optimal for a limited period. If, within the two variables M and R, recovery
      follows an identical pattern whatever the final outcome may be, the restructing
      speed differs for each outcome. M follows an exponential curve spread over a long
      period explaining its importance in the course of time. On the other hand, R
      follows a linear model with straight lines more or less parallel for each
      outcome. R evolves over a short period of time. These clinical findings give us
      the opportunity to discuss the physio-pathology of head injury.

PMID- 3394544
TI  - Surgical management of aneurysms in the cavernous sinus.
AB  - A series of 32 patients with aneurysms in the cavernous sinus region is
      presented. All of them have been operated upon through an intradural pterional
      approach and the aneurysms directly attacked. Only in 6 patients was the complete
      dissection of the internal carotid artery and of the aneurysm impossible because
      of the size of the aneurysms. In these cases the aneurysm has been traped by
      ligation of the internal carotid artery in the neck and its supraclinoid course
      and at the same time and extracranial intracranial anastomosis performed. One
      patient died from massive cerebral infarction after a trapping procedure and
      another died from a transoperative haemorrhage; another two developed a moderate
      hemiparesis which resolved within the first six postoperative weeks, and in two
      patients a preoperative severe visual impairment progressed postoperatively to
      complete visual loss. All others had a complete resolution of their preoperative
      symptoms and remained well. The advantages and disadvantages of the different
      approaches to intracavernous carotid artery aneurysms are discussed and the
      related literature reviewed.

PMID- 3394542
TI  - The Reaction Level Scale (RLS85). Manual and guidelines.
AB  - The Reaction Level Scale (RLS85) is a "coma scale" for the direct assessment of
      overall reaction level in patients with acute brain disorders. It is devised for
      reliable use even in the management of patients who are difficult to assess, such
      as intubated patients and patients with swollen eyelids. We here present the
      manual of the RLS85 and the guidelines for its use. The underlying concepts as
      well as limitations are outlined. Condensed information of known reliability and
      validity is presented. A training scheme for presumed observers (doctors, nurses
      and assistant nurses) is outlined. It is suggested that users of the RLS85 refer
      to these guidelines and in scientific reports clearly state any deviations from
      this present manual in order to facilitate valid comparisons between different
      studies and different groups of patients.

PMID- 3394543
TI  - Emergency treatment of cerebral aneurysms with large haematomas.
AB  - Of 469 patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) from ruptured intracranial
      aneurysms, 31 had large intracerebral haematomas and were treated as emergency
      cases at the University Central Hospital, Kuopio, Finland during 1979-1985. The
      haematomas were evacuated and the aneurysms clipped immediately after diagnosis
      with CT and angiography. The mean diameter of the haematomas was 48 mm. Of the 31
      patients 15 died. Mortality was lower for patients with aneurysms of the middle
      cerebral artery and for those with a better clinical grade (Gr. IV) at the time
      of the operation (41%); all patients with dilated pupils in grade V died. Five
      patients returned to work, and 10 are living a useful and independent life at
      home. Because early CT is increasingly used as the first diagnostic tool in
      vascular catastrophies, the pressure for early emergency treatment of aneurysmal
      intracerebral haematoma is increasing. The almost 100% mortality with
      conservative treatment should be compared to the 41% mortality with selection of
      the surgical candidates.

PMID- 3394545
TI  - Cerebral micro arteriovenous malformations (mAVMs). Review of 13 cases.
AB  - In a personal series of 152 cerebral vascular malformation, 13 patients had small
      (less than 1 cm) parenchymal arteriovenous malformations (mAVMs) with small nidus
      or fistula and a single normal-sized feeding artery and draining vein. All 13
      patients presented with intracerebral haematomas (ICHs). The average age in this
      group was 31 years with no sex dominance; 8 patients had no antecedent symptoms.
      In 11 patients the small AMV could be demonstrated angiographically, with the
      remaining 2 malformations evident at surgery. In addition, all these mAVMs, being
      superficial (95% cortical), were surgically removable with no perioperative
      morbidity. They were not accessible by endovascular approach. This population
      group narrows the concept of occult vascular lesions if high quality angiographic
      studies are performed. mAVMs are by nature CT and MRI occult.

PMID- 3394546
TI  - Transfrontal intradural microsurgical decompression for traumatic optic nerve
      injury.
AB  - Microsurgical decompression of the optic nerve was performed in 22 patients with
      traumatic optic nerve injury through a transfrontal intradural approach. When
      significant improvement is defined as an improvement of the visual acuity of 0.1
      or more, 11 patients (50%) showed significant improvement and 7 patients (32%)
      showed non-significant improvement. Four patients who had been blind
      preoperatively, did not show any improvement. In cases with a preoperative visual
      acuity of 0.01 or more, significant improvement was obtained in 80% of the
      patients, and when the preoperative visual acuity was not nill but less than
      0.01, 38% of patients showed significant improvement. We conclude that a
      transfrontal intradural microsurgical decompression is indicated, when the
      preoperative visual acuity is 0.01 or more and the time lag is less than 14 days
      after the injury.

PMID- 3394547
TI  - Treatment of ventriculostomy-related infections.
AB  - The results of the treatment of 15 cases of ventriculitis related to the use of
      external ventricular drainage are presented. A review of the literature on the
      treatment of cerebrospinal fluid shunt infections combined with our data suggest
      the following treatment of ventriculostomy-related ventriculitis: 1. Antibiotic
      treatment according to the resistance pattern of the infecting microorganism and
      2. Removal or replacement of the ventricular drain. 3. One should wait for
      bacteriological cure before implanting a permanent internal drainage system.

PMID- 3394549
TI  - Vascular permeability and cell kinetics of ethylnitrosourea (ENU)-induced rat
      brain tumours.
AB  - Vascular permeability and proliferative activity of ethylnitrosourea (ENU)
      induced rat brain tumours were studied by intravenous injection of Evans blue dye
      (EB) and by bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) uptake examinations. Tumours induced by ENU
      showed various histologial types, and they were oligodendrogliomas, mixed oligo
      astrocytomas, mixed oligo-ependymomas, astrocytomas, anaplastic astrocytomas,
      polymorphic gliomas, and ependymomas. The labelling indexes (LIs: the ratio of
      BrdU-labelled cells to total cells) of tumour and vascular component cells in the
      tumour were high in anaplastic astrocytomas, polymorphic gliomas and ependymomas,
      but low in oligodendrogliomas. EB stained anaplastic astrocytomas, polymorphic
      gliomas and ependymomas deeply, but did not penetrate oligodendrogliomas. In
      mixed gliomas, EB staining and the LIs of tumour cells were not uniform. After
      intracarotid infusion of hyperosmolar mannitol into tumour-bearing rats, tumour
      staining with EB and the LIs of tumour cells were not increased, whereas the
      penetration of EB into the normal brain was drastically increased. Therefore it
      is not likely that the delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs to the tumour could be
      increased by intracarotid infusion of hyperosmolar mannitol. Our data suggest
      that the vascular permeability of tumour vessels is highly correlated with the
      high proliferative activity of tumour and its vascular cells.

PMID- 3394548
TI  - Hyponatremia hypo-osmolarity in neurosurgical patients. "Appropriate secretion of
      ADH" and "cerebral salt wasting syndrome".
AB  - This prospective study is based on 256 patients with severe brain injury. Six
      patients (2.3%) developed the clinical picture of inappropriate secretion of
      antidiuretic hormone (SIADH): 3 in the first 3 days following the injury, 3 after
      more than a week. Their ADH plasmatic level were measured by radio-immunoassay.
      In the former, many factors, largely iatrogenic, can explain the increased
      secretion of ADH we found and which is then definitely "appropriate". It should
      be prevented by fluid restriction. In the latter, we found adequately low ADH
      levels, when the hypo-osmolarity is taken into account. Here, the aetiology seems
      to be a renal salt loss, eventually in relation to a natriuric factor (e.g.
      atrial natriuretic factor), justifying the term: "Cerebral salt wasting
      syndrome". With the resistance to fluid restriction, the treatment still remains
      a problem.

PMID- 3394550
TI  - Cyst fluid of glioma does not inhibit the killing action of lymphokine-activated
      killer (LAK) cells in vitro.
AB  - In theory, lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells offer a potential method to
      treat cerebral gliomas, especially low-grade gliomas. LAK cells would be
      administered by repeated injections straight into the cavity of a subtotally
      removed tumour. However, brain-tumour cyst fluid has been shown to be
      immunosuppressive in lymphocyte stimulation tests. Therefore we wanted to know
      whether the fluid would reduce the killing efficacy of LAK cells. Using a
      standard cytotoxity test based on 51Cr release, we compared in vitro the
      cytotoxity of LAK cells against K-562 tumour cells in brain-tumour cyst fluid,
      autologous serum and allogeneic serum. Five patients with cystic glioma and one
      with cystic meningioma were studied and no inhibition of cytotoxity of LAK cells
      was observed.

PMID- 3394552
TI  - Spontaneous thrombosis of aneurysm of the vein of Galen.

PMID- 3394551
TI  - Protein analysis of subdural hygroma fluid.
AB  - The pathogenesis of posttraumatic subdural hygroma still remains largely unknown.
      One of the suggested pathological mechanisms is the traumatic development of an
      arachnoid tear and the subsequent efflux of CSF into the subdural space. We
      performed a multifactorial analysis of the hygroma fluid obtained at operation in
      comparison to the simultaneously taken plasma and lumbar CSF. The results of the
      protein analysis support the CSF origin of the subdural hygroma fluid.

PMID- 3394553
TI  - Primary meningeal melanoma.

PMID- 3394556
TI  - Rupture followed by acute thrombosis of a cerebral aneurysm in a child. A case
      report.

PMID- 3394555
TI  - ALS and retrocerebellar arachnoid cyst.

PMID- 3394554
TI  - Hypoglossal-sympathetic-carotid syndrome produced by internal carotid arteritis.
      Case report.

PMID- 3394557
TI  - Hydrocephalus and "bobble-head doll" syndrome. A case report.

PMID- 3394558
TI  - Choline acetyltransferase activity bound to synaptosomal plasma membranes as
      regulatory step in acetylcholine biosynthesis.

PMID- 3394559
TI  - Muscular denervation in lesions of the central nervous system and its correlation
      with motor function.

PMID- 3394560
TI  - Conventional EEG in the differential diagnosis of dementia syndromes.

PMID- 3394561
TI  - The morphologic basis for perilymphatic gushers and oozers.

PMID- 3394562
TI  - Inner ear surgery.

PMID- 3394563
TI  - Improved diagnosis of second carcinomas by routine panendoscopy.

PMID- 3394564
TI  - The present status of surgery in the treatment of carcinoma of the hypopharynx
      and cervical oesophagus.

PMID- 3394565
TI  - Our concepts of management of lower alveolar sulcus carcinoma.

PMID- 3394567
TI  - Vertigo caused by disorders of the cervical vertebral column. Diagnosis and
      treatment.

PMID- 3394566
TI  - The eustachian tube profile in children. A quantitative histopathological study
      of the ET lumen and mucosal lining involvement in acute and secretory otitis
      media.

PMID- 3394568
TI  - The surgical concept for otosclerosis.
AB  - The aggregate results of the stapedectomy operation for hearing improvement are
      highly satisfactory in the short and long term when carried out by an experienced
      and skilled surgeon, using a variety of techniques in carefully selected
      candidates. An initial bone-air gap of 10 dB or less is achieved in 80-90% of
      patients. The outcome of stapedectomy is dependent on the patient's level of
      sensorineural reserve which is age dependent, and on the limitations imposed by
      stapedial footplate pathology. The advantages of various types of piston
      prostheses for reconstruction have become increasingly clear. The infrequent
      complications of immediate and delayed sensorineural losses with impaired speech
      discrimination are certain to be reduced further in incidence by the increasing
      adoption of small fenestra techniques with piston prostheses and tissue seals.
      There is a definite need for fully informative statistical methods in reporting
      the results of surgery for hearing improvement if further advances are to be
      made.

PMID- 3394569
TI  - Cholesteatoma--pathology and treatment.
AB  - (1) The prerequisite for development of cholesteatoma is a cholesteatoma bed,
      that is a loose subepithelial connective tissue layer which acts as a nutrient
      bed and makes papillary growth of squamous epithelium possible. (2) The formation
      of cholesteatoma is facilitated by disturbed tubal function with reduced
      ventilation of the middle ear. (3) The progression of cholesteatoma, especially
      the bone destruction, is due to enzyme-activated cell groups. The epidermal layer
      in the postero-superior area of the tympanic membrane has a higher papillary
      content and during an inflammatory process there is a marked vascular reaction.
      This particular area has a special nutritional zone and the epidermis is
      especially well nourished [Lange, 1925]. The main artery to the tympanic membrane
      travels along the handle of the malleus and gives off branches. In our animal
      experiments epithelial cones grew into this well-nourished subepithelial zone and
      formed cholesteatoma. The importance of tubal function as regards cholesteatoma
      formation can be seen in everyday clinical practice. In stapedectomy patients,
      the lateral attic wall is usually removed to allow full visualisation of the
      stapes, but retraction pockets in this area are never seen at subsequent follow
      up. However, if the lateral attic wall is removed during surgery for chronic
      otitis media, reconstruction with cartilage or ceramic is necessary to prevent
      retraction. This adds weight to the hypothesis that tubal dysfunction is an
      important aetiological factor in cholesteatoma. This is further supported by the
      30 times greater incidence of retraction pockets in patients with cleft palate.

PMID- 3394570
TI  - Circadian rhythm of histamine metabolism in the rabbit central nervous system
      (CNS): analysis of brain and ocular structures.
AB  - The circadian rhythm of the level of histamine (HI) and histidine decarboxylase
      (HD) and histamine-methyltransferase (HMT) activity in 6 brain and 5 ocular
      structures of the rabbit was studied. Clear circadian variations of the
      histaminergic parameters in two brain (hypothalamus and lateral geniculate body)
      and two ocular (retina and iris-ciliary body) tissues were found. It is suggested
      that HI in some brain and ocular structures may be functionally involved in
      activity that depends on circadian rhythm.

PMID- 3394571
TI  - Pre- and postjunctional effects of histamine on the guinea pig urinary bladder:
      evidence for heterogeneity in the H1-receptor population?
AB  - Histamine was tested on the guinea pig isolated urinary bladder to determine both
      the direct effect on the muscle and the influence on the contractions induced by
      field stimulation. Histamine (10(-7)-10(-3) M) caused contraction of the bladder
      and enhancement of the atropine-resistant response to field stimulation. These
      effects were sensitive to the H1-receptor antagonist pyrilamine (pA2 = 8.55 and
      7.07, respectively). The H2-antagonists cimetidine and famotidine were
      ineffective on both parameters. It is concluded that predominantly H1-receptors
      are present in the guinea pig urinary bladder and that they are localized both on
      the muscle and on non-cholinergic nerve terminals. The significant difference
      between the pA2 values for pyrilamine is likely to suggest a heterogeneity in the
      H1-receptor population.

PMID- 3394573
TI  - The actions of histamine in cat and rabbit superior cervical ganglia.
AB  - Depolarization of the cat superior cervical ganglion (SCG) evoked by histamine
      was antagonized by mepyramine. Histamine-induced depolarization, indicated by
      changes in the negative and positive afterpotentials of ganglionic action
      potentials, was decreased by pretreatment with aminophylline. In the cat SCG,
      histamine evoked stimulus bound decremental oscillatory potentials (SBDOP). In
      the rabbit SCG, only depolarization and no SBDOP were observed after the
      administration of histamine. Histamine-induced SBDOP were increased by
      isoprenaline and decreased by Leu-enkephalin pretreatment. Our results indicate
      that histamine evokes depolarization and an increase in excitability of the cat
      SCG which seems to be mediated by H1-receptors.

PMID- 3394574
TI  - Heterogeneity in the response to histamine of isolated dog arteries.
AB  - Arterial rings were used to evaluate the differences in the effect of histamine
      (HIS) on canine dorsal pedal (DPA) and coronary arteries. Moreover, the responses
      of intact coronary arteries (IA) to HIS were compared with those of arteries
      isolated from sham operated dogs (SA) and from dogs in the late postinfarction
      period (PA). DPA responded to HIS added cumulatively with contraction which was
      potentiated by cimetidine (CIM) and reversed by mepyramine (MEP). IA responded
      with relaxation potentiated by MEP and reversed by CIM. Under resting conditions,
      coronary arteries responded to a single concentration of HIS with contraction or
      relaxation (in IA, SA). In PA, only contractions were seen. Responses of PA were
      significantly higher than those of IA and SA. It appears that in PA the ratio of
      H1- and H2-receptors is changed.

PMID- 3394572
TI  - Involvement of central histamine receptors in corticosterone secretion induced by
      intraventricular administration of morphine.
AB  - The effect of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of morphine on
      corticosterone secretion was studied in conscious, unstressed rats. A dose
      dependent increase in serum corticosterone levels was observed 1 h after morphine
      injection. The corticosterone response to morphine was antagonized in a dose
      dependent manner, and at larger dose almost abolished, by i.c.v. pretreatment of
      rats with naloxone, an opioid receptor antagonist. Intraventricular pretreatment
      of rats with mepyramine and cimetidine, the histamine H1- and H2-receptor
      antagonists, significantly diminished the corticosterone response to morphine.
      These results suggest that central opioid receptors are involved in the
      stimulating effect of morphine on the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical axis.
      Central histamine H1- and H2-receptors seem to be substantially involved in the
      stimulatory effect of morphine on corticosterone secretion in conscious,
      unstressed rats.

PMID- 3394575
TI  - Distribution of mast cells in human heart auricles and correlation with tissue
      histamine.
AB  - The mast cell density, fixation and staining properties, as well as tissue
      histamine, were studied in the human heart right auricles of 28 patients with
      mild atrial or ventricular septal defect (ASD or VSD respectively). We have found
      that different modes of fixation did not change significantly the mast cell
      appearance and number as stained with pinacyanol erythrosinate. The mast cell
      density was 21294 +/- 2775 cells per mm3 tissue and the mean histamine content of
      the auricle was 900.7 +/- 63.9 ng/g wet tissue weight. A significant positive
      correlation was observed between mast cell counts and histamine content (r =
      0.79, p = 0.001). Furthermore, our data suggest the existence of a non-mast cell
      pool of cardiac histamine in man.

PMID- 3394576
TI  - Gastroprotective effect of pentacaine: role of mast cells.
AB  - Pentacaine was found to prevent the development of acute haemorrhagic lesions
      induced by ethanol in rats in a dose-dependent way. Electron microscopy in the
      untreated group showed extensive disruption of the surface epithelium and deep
      necrosis of the mucosa after ethanol exposure. Degranulation or even complete
      destruction of mast cells was observed. The microvasculature exhibited several
      signs of derangement. After pentacaine treatment, these signs were absent and no
      degranulation of mucosal mast cells was observed. The mast cell-mediated effect
      of pentacaine appears to be only one component of its gastroprotective action.

PMID- 3394577
TI  - Action of pentacaine on gastric acid secretion.
AB  - The action of pentacaine, a new prospective antiulcer drug with gastric
      cytoprotective activity, on gastric acid secretion was analysed and compared with
      the action of other antisecretory drugs. The drugs were given orally or
      intraduodenally to Wistar rats after pylorus ligation. The gastric acid secretion
      was studied under basal or stimulated (histamine, pentagastrin, carbachol)
      conditions. Oral administration of pentacaine, oxethazaine and procaine, in
      contrast to atropine, had no influence either under basal or stimulated
      conditions. However, intraduodenal administration of pentacaine significantly
      suppressed both the basal and stimulated gastric secretion. The present study
      suggests that the mechanism of antisecretory activity of pentacaine differs from
      that of anticholinergic and antihistaminergic drugs.

PMID- 3394578
TI  - The effects of nicotine on basal and stimulated gastric secretions in the
      conscious cat and in isolated guinea pig gastric mucosal cells.
AB  - Intravenous (i.v.) administration of nicotine in conscious cats significantly
      stimulated basal gastric acid output. The effect was completely blocked by
      atropine and ranitidine. Submaximally stimulated gastric acid secretion was not
      further increased by nicotine. In isolated guinea pig parietal cells nicotine
      significantly increased basal acid secretion by about 20% and potentiated the
      response to maximally effective concentrations of histamine but had no influence
      on the carbachol response. In isolated parietal cells stimulated either by
      nicotine, histamine or both, atropine pretreatment increased or inhibited the
      acid response in concentration-dependent manner. From these data, it is concluded
      that nicotine had direct stimulatory effects on isolated parietal cells and
      potentiated the histamine mediated response in the isolated cell preparation but
      not in the intact animal model.

PMID- 3394579
TI  - Pharmacological control of the histamine H2 receptor-adenylate cyclase system by
      famotidine and ranitidine in normal and cancerous human gastric epithelia.
AB  - In human fundic glands, famotidine was about 17 times more potent than ranitidine
      as an inhibitor of histamine - stimulated cAMP generation. This H2-receptor
      antagonist had no effect on the receptor-adenylate cyclase systems sensitive to
      PGE2, isoproterenol (beta 2-receptor), VIP and on forskolin-induced activation of
      the Gs/catalytic units of the membrane-bound enzyme prepared from human fundic
      glands. In the HGT-1 human gastric cancer cell line, famotidine and ranitidine
      showed long lasting, irreversible actions probably related to a slow rate of
      dissociation from the histamine H2-receptor.

PMID- 3394581
TI  - Participation of aldehyde dehydrogenase in the oxidative deamination pathway of
      histamine and putrescine.
AB  - Some guinea pig tissue homogenates have shown the ability to catabolize, in
      vitro, imidazoloacetaldehyde (ImAAL) and gamma-aminobutyraldehyde (GABAL) via NAD
      dependent aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH, EC 1.2.1.3). The liver, kidney, small
      intestine and gastric mucosa are the richest sources of ALDH activity towards
      ImAAL. The liver, kidney, small intestine and pancreas also show ALDH activity
      with GABAL as a substrate. All tissues tested have shown low Km and high Km ALDH
      activity with propionaldehyde as substrate. The guinea pig liver ALDH which is
      able to oxidize ImAAL and GABAL is located exclusively in the cytoplasm.

PMID- 3394580
TI  - Age dependent normal values of histamine and histamine metabolites in human
      urine.
AB  - We collected morning urine samples from normal healthy persons, who had not yet
      breakfasted, in the age range of 2-61 years and measured urinary excretion of
      histamine and its metabolites N tau-methyl-histamine and N tau
      methylimidazoleacetic acid. The values obtained (expressed in terms of urinary
      creatinine excretion), were age dependent up to the age of 12. Thereafter, values
      stabilized and were no longer age dependent.

PMID- 3394582
TI  - Effect of histamine on the airway smooth muscle of cats under control and
      inflammatory conditions.
AB  - Previous in vitro studies on airway smooth muscles of cats with turpentine oil
      induced inflammation of the airways have shown an increased sensitivity of the
      lung strips to histamine application. This effect was abolished by pretreatment
      with phentolamine. This communication describes the effect of prazosin and
      yohimbine on histamine responsiveness of strips of control and inflamed lungs.
      Prazosin had no effect on histamine-induced contraction of the control lung
      strips. However, the histamine-induced contraction of the experimental strips was
      depressed. Yohimbine depressed histamine-induced tension even in control lung
      strips. The role of alpha 1-adrenergic receptors in the increased responsiveness
      of the inflamed lung tissues to histamine is discussed.

PMID- 3394584
TI  - The use of molecular probes in the study of the action of histamine on
      macrophages.
AB  - The effect of histamine on the expression in vitro of C2, factor B and C3 genes
      in murine resident peritoneal macrophages was investigated. By measuring the
      levels of specific mRNA and the amount of the biosynthetically labelled gene
      products, we found that histamine decreases the biosynthesis of C2 and factor B.
      However, histamine had virtually no effect on the biosynthesis of C3 in the same
      cells. To clarify the mechanism of these effects, the H1 agonists (2
      pyridylethylamine (PEA)and 2-methylhistamine), the H2-agonists (impromidine and 4
      methyl-histamine), the H1-antagonist (chlorpheniramine) as well as the H2
      antagonist (cimetidine) were also tested. We found that the inhibitory effect of
      histamine on C2 and factor B is produced only through H2 receptors. With the
      combination of histamine agonists and antagonists an inverse effect via H1- or H2
      receptors was determined on the biosynthesis of C3. H1-receptor stimuli enhanced,
      and the stimulation of H2-receptors inhibited, C3 biosynthesis. All effects were
      pretranslational since the same results were obtained on mRNA and protein levels.

PMID- 3394583
TI  - Interaction of azelastine with adenosine receptors in guinea pig trachea.
AB  - The effects of azelastine, 8-phenyltheophylline, NDGA, atropine and mepyramine on
      PIA-induced contraction and relaxation of isolated guinea pig tracheal chains
      were investigated. Atropine (1 nM) and mepyramine (1 microM) had no effect on PIA
      induced relaxation whereas 8-phenyltheophylline (5 microM) caused strong
      inhibition of PIA-induced relaxation, indicating that the latter effect is
      mediated by stimulation of extracellular adenosine receptors. NDGA (0.5 microM)
      caused potentiation of PIA-induced relaxation. Azelastine (10 nM-1 microM) caused
      dose-dependent potentiation of PIA-induced relaxation. In another model for
      investigation of extracellular adenosine receptors, namely the negative inotropic
      effect in the electrically driven isolated guinea pig atrium, the action of PIA
      was fully reversed by the addition of 8-phenyltheophylline. In contrast, the
      negative inotropic effect of azelastine was not reversed by 8-phenyltheophylline,
      indicating that azelastine does not act on extracellular adenosine receptors. The
      negative inotropic effect of azelastine can be reversed by addition of calcium as
      for verapamil. It is concluded that the calcium-antagonistic and perhaps
      antiallergic properties of azelastine are responsible for the potentiation of
      extracellular adenosine receptor mediated relaxation by azelastine. Since
      asthmatics show increased hyperreagibility (bronchospasm) to inhalation of
      adenosine, the inhibition of PIA-induced contraction by azelastine indicates that
      the drug may be worthwhile in the treatment bronchial hyperreactivity in
      asthmatic patients.

PMID- 3394585
TI  - Inhibition of passive cutaneous anaphylaxis by several histamine (H1) and
      serotonin antagonists in the rat.
AB  - Drugs of the pizotifen type (pizotifen, cyproheptadine), possessing high H1
      antihistamine and high antiserotonin activities in animal experiments, exert
      potent inhibitory actions on the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) reaction in
      the rat. The drug pipethiadene, a 4,9-dihydrothieno(2,3-c)-2-benzothiepin
      derivative also belongs to this group. Selective histamine H1-antagonists alone
      are unable to cause pronounced reduction of the intensity of the PCA reaction in
      the rat, but in local reactions induced in rats by compound 48/80, histamine H1
      receptors seem to play major role.

PMID- 3394587
TI  - The clinical significance of elevated CSF and plasma histamine in cerebral
      aneurysm surgery utilizing cardiopulmonary bypass with total circulatory arrest.
AB  - Recently there has been a renewed interest in the neurosurgical treatment of
      large cerebral aneurysms and AV malformations utilising cardiopulmonary bypass
      (CPB) and total circulatory arrest (TCA). However, the differing tolerance limits
      of coagulation and bleeding, pH control and fluid constraint are difficult to
      reconcile. Although clinical assessment, electro encephalogram (EEG) and
      intracranial pressure-monitoring assist in identification of cerebral damage, CPB
      and TCA inflict their own penalties with resultant uncertainty in post-operative
      neurological evaluation, and producing difficulties in interpretation and
      management. Additionally, an unanswered question is, to what extent the known
      cardiac and cerebral effects of circulating histamine might influence the post
      circulatory arrest recovery in these patients, and whether this would further
      compromise the neurological result. We report our experience of 9 such cases who
      underwent this procedure, and were able to achieve a satisfactory neurological
      result in 7 patients with differing lesions. During the operation both CSF (from
      the open cranium) and blood (from the right internal jugular vein) were sampled
      at intervals for subsequent plasma histamine estimation. Despite markedly
      elevated histamine levels during CPB and TCA, this was not associated with an
      unfavourable neurological outcome. These early findings have given us
      encouragement to the useful role of CPB and TCA in these complex neurosurgical
      presentations, and raise interesting questions about the clinical importance of
      histamine-evoked cerebral ischaemia that has been demonstrated in experimental
      models.

PMID- 3394586
TI  - Plasma histamine profiles in paediatric cardiopulmonary bypass.
AB  - We have previously reported our findings of very high plasma histamine levels in
      the extracorporeal blood primes of infants undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass
      (CPB) for correction of congenital cardiac defects and have now extended this
      enquiry to examine the whole peri-operative period. In this preliminary study,
      samples of blood for plasma histamine were drawn from a mixed group of congenital
      cardiac patients featuring varying degrees of cyanosis, differing hypothermic
      operative conditions and utilising two oxygenator systems. Despite the diversity
      of this group a common pattern of histamine release emerged with a clear origin
      at the commencement of bypass, and continuing during the operative period. Our
      results suggest that priming procedures using stored donor blood provide a major
      contributing source of histamine release with inevitable deleterious consequences
      to the post-operative outcome.

PMID- 3394588
TI  - Increased histidine decarboxylase (HDC) activity in human colorectal cancer:
      results of a study on ten patients.
AB  - Following numerous reports of high histidine decarboxylase (HDC) activity in
      tumour-bearing animals, the present work was designed to determine the activity
      of this enzyme in normal and tumour tissues in a series of ten surgical patients
      with colorectal carcinoma. Significantly increased HDC activity, almost double
      that of normal tissues, was found in specimens from extirpated human tumours.
      These results, obtained under reliable sampling and measurement conditions
      indicated that changes in the enzymic activity of HDC may have a significant role
      in the development of colorectal tumour cells. Inhibition of the enzyme activity
      in human cancer subjects may retard or impede tumour growth and perhaps limit the
      spread of metastases.

PMID- 3394589
TI  - The role of H2-receptors in bronchial reactivity in atopic asthma.
AB  - The aim of the present study was to evaluate lung function and bronchial
      reactivity during therapy with the H2-blockers, cimetidine and ranitidine, in
      order to determine the role of H2-receptors in the bronchial response of
      asthmatic patients. Bronchial reactivity was evaluated by the histamine
      provocation test before, and 3 or 6 days after administration of cimetidine (800
      mg per day) or ranitidine (300 mg per day). It was shown that after 6 days
      treatment, an increase in bronchial reactivity occurred in 85% of the patients
      treated with cimetidine and in 64% of the patients treated with ranitidine. These
      results seem to confirm the presence of H2 receptors in the bronchial tree of
      asthmatic patients. Blockade of these receptors causes an increase in bronchial
      reactivity and potential exacerbation of the asthmatic symptoms.

PMID- 3394591
TI  - Cockroach hypersensitivity in asthmatic patients.
AB  - Hypersensitivity to cockroach antigen has been recognized as an important cause
      of perennial allergic rhinitis and asthma. To assess the frequency of cockroach
      hypersensitivity in our country, 150 asthmatic atopic subjects were studied using
      skin testing and in vitro assays for cockroach-specific IgE antibodies (Oriental
      and German cockroaches). Twenty-two of 61 patients who had a positive history of
      cockroach exposure had positive skin tests, and only 3 of 89 patients who had no
      history of exposure had positive skin reactions. Of 25 patients with positive
      skin tests, 23 showed specific IgE antibodies against oriental and German
      cockroaches using RAST and EIA techniques. In summary, approximately 15% of
      asthmatic atopics in Madrid area are sensitive to cockroaches (positive skin test
      + specific IgE antibodies). These results indicate that cockroach
      hypersensitivity should be considered in every patient with perennial asthma.

PMID- 3394592
TI  - Update of the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. From a new case report.
AB  - After presenting the case of a male patient who was diagnosed as suffering from
      the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome at the age of 4 months, we review the main clinical
      (infections, bleeding and eczema), immunological (deficiency of IgM, normal IgG,
      elevated IgA and IgE, deficiency of total T lymphocytes, normal T4 levels,
      decreased levels of T8, diminished response to phytohemagglutinin and partial
      depletion of the lymphocyte population in biopsies of lymph nodes and spleen) and
      haematological (thrombocytopenia, dysmegakaryocytosis, decreased half-life and
      decreased granulation in the protoplasm of megakaryocytes) manifestations of this
      syndrome. In general, our aim is to carry out an up-to-date review of the
      syndrome, and to include comments on the diagnostic and therapeutic aspects.

PMID- 3394590
TI  - Teratological and cytogenetical evaluation of two antihistamines (pipethiadene
      and pizotifen maleate) in mice.
AB  - The teratogenic and cytogenetic effects of two drugs with antihistamine
      properties, Pipethiadene and Pizotifen maleate, were investigated. Three groups
      of pregnant mice were treated daily with oral doses (0.24, 0.6 and 1.2 mg/kg) of
      these drugs from day 4 to day 16 of gestation. The following parameters were
      investigated: reproductive health of the dams, external, skeletal and visceral
      malformations of fetuses and frequencies of micronuclei and chromosome
      aberrations in bone marrow cells of dams. Oral administration of Pipethiadene or
      Pizotifen maleate produced no teratogenic effects. No elevation was observed in
      the frequencies of micronuclei and chromosome aberrations. However, the
      significant reduction of fetal weight after all doses of Pipethiadene or
      Pizotifen maleate was found to correlate well with the decreased values of the
      mitotic indices of bone marrow cells of mice, suggesting a potential embryotoxic
      effect of the tested substances.

PMID- 3394594
TI  - Anaphylactic reactions incidence in allergic and atopic patients.
AB  - One thousand and thirty penicillin allergics of immediate type and 1344 pollen
      allergic patients were examined. It was noticed that none of the penicillin
      allergics suffered from pollen allergy and none of the atopic patients allergic
      to pollen had penicillin induced allergy of immediate type. The data obtained
      were processed through the chi square test in correlation with the incidence of
      penicillin and pollen induced allergy among the normal population. The conclusion
      was drawn that atopic patients with pollen allergy show a lower risk than the
      normal population to have allergic reactions of immediate type to penicillin.

PMID- 3394593
TI  - Adult chronic granulomatosis disease-like neutrophil granulocyte disorder
      corrected by dialysable leukocyte extract.
AB  - A 47 year old female presented with a septic clinical picture including fever,
      abscesses, late cachexia, and unmanageable by disease. Similar characteristics to
      chronic granulomatosis disease (CGD) seriously decreased intracellular killing
      activity and chemiluminescence, granulomas in the histology, and the role of
      genetic factors were found, suggesting that our case is CGD-like disorder,
      manifested in an adult. Dialysable leukocyte extract (DLE) therapy, complemented
      with fresh normal plasma, resulted in a striking clinical improvement and there
      was an increase in the in vitro PMNL intracellular killing activity, too.
      Although it is generally accepted that DLE derives from monocytes and
      lymphocytes, it is possible that DLE is a family of DNA-oligopeptide molecules,
      including factors derived from PMNLs which are capable of influencing PMNL
      function, transferring information from normal cells. Our results also suggest
      that it would be worth trying DLE in patients with classic CGD.

PMID- 3394595
TI  - The protective effect of ketotifen in exercise-induced bronchospasm.
AB  - The present study evaluates the protective action of ketotifen on exercise
      induced bronchospasm in patients diagnosed with bronchial asthma of different
      aetiologies. The patients were classified in 2 groups. The first group with
      seasonal asthma was made up of patients with pollen hypersensitivity, while the
      second group with perennial asthma was made up of patients with bacterial
      aetiology or sensitivity to the Dermatophagoides mite. Spirometry and airway
      resistance measurements (in basal conditions, 5 to 10 minutes after a resistance
      test which consisted of 6 minutes' free running on a treadmill) was performed on
      each patient. Those patients in which significant spirometry or Raw alterations
      were detected received a 15-day treatment of ketotifen (a dose of 1 mg every 12
      hours); after this time, the tests mentioned before were repeated. We found that
      in the seasonal asthma group, ketotifen was effective in protecting against
      exercise. However, we did not observe the same effect in the perennial asthma
      group. In the light of these results, we propose the possible existence of
      different mechanisms in triggering off exercise-induced bronchospasm, according
      to their aetiologies.

PMID- 3394596
TI  - ELISA for quantification of specific IgG and IgE antibodies to ovalbumin.
AB  - Two indirect microELISA methods have been developed to determine ovalbumin (OA)
      specific IgG and total OA-specific antibodies in rat's serum. Animals were
      immunized with OA suspended in alum s.c. and administered i.p. with Bordetella
      pertussis (Bp). The study was performed using serum samples taken 14 days after
      immunization. Anti-OA IgG, anti-OA Ig (by indirect ELISA), total IgE and total
      IgG (by ELISA sandwich) and also anti-OA specific IgE (by passive cutaneous
      anaphylaxis test) were measured. The OA concentration to coat the solid phase was
      1.25 micrograms/ml. The optimal serum dilution for measuring OA-specific
      antibodies by the indirect ELISAs developed was between 1/640-1/1280, for both
      methods. Conjugate concentrations used were 1/12800 (PO-anti rat IgG) and 1/600
      (PO-anti rat Ig). Considering both methods, the intra and inter-assay variability
      coefficients oscillate between 1.98 and 6.75%. The immunization procedure used
      produces a marked increase in anti-OA Ig, anti-OA IgG and specific IgE levels.
      The immunization does not modify total IgG levels whereas total IgE values were
      significantly higher. This increase can be attributed chiefly to the non-specific
      IgE production induced by Bp. The microELISA methods proposed in this work, are
      reasonable alternatives radiolabelled techniques to measure OA-specific
      antibodies.

PMID- 3394597
TI  - Pediatric urinary tract infections.
AB  - Factors determining the likelihood of urinary tract infection in children include
      host susceptibility, such as the presence of obstructive uropathy, neuropathic
      bladder or dysfunctional voiding. Bacterial virulence, as in infection by
      fimbriated Escherichia coli, is also a factor. With a few exceptions, diagnostic
      evaluation should be performed following the first infection. Early aggressive
      therapy has the goal of preserving renal function.

PMID- 3394599
TI  - Pituitary adenoma.

PMID- 3394598
TI  - HIV testing: issues for the family physician.
AB  - Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection affects all communities. To provide
      optimal patient care, physicians must understand the ramifications of HIV
      antibody testing and provide appropriate counseling before and after testing. The
      seropositive patient requires knowledgeable surveillance. In addition, the family
      physician must be prepared for the psychologic and social stresses that HIV
      infection imposes on the patient and the family.

PMID- 3394601
TI  - Traumatic pneumomediastinum: a case report.

PMID- 3394602
TI  - Commission proposes methods to combat AIDS.

PMID- 3394600
TI  - Prison medicine.
AB  - Prisoners in U.S. correctional facilities constitute a unique patient population
      in need of health services. Physicians who provide medical services to inmates
      also must interact with prison officials. Drug withdrawal, self-destructive
      behavior and infectious diseases, including acquired immunodeficiency syndrome,
      are a few of the challenges to be met.

PMID- 3394603
TI  - Gasoline sniffing and lead poisoning in a child.

PMID- 3394605
TI  - The nail-patella syndrome.

PMID- 3394604
TI  - Breast cancer in men.
AB  - Breast cancer occurs at an older age in men than in women, usually presenting as
      a painless, central breast lump. Although male breast cancer is 100 times less
      common than female breast cancer, the prognosis for men is worse than that for
      women, probably because of delay in diagnosis. Men with breast cancer have a high
      prevalence of metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis.

PMID- 3394607
TI  - STDs and HIV infection.

PMID- 3394608
TI  - Florida gun control.

PMID- 3394606
TI  - Monoclonal antibody pregnancy tests.
AB  - Urine and serum monoclonal antibody pregnancy tests are easier to use than latex
      agglutination-inhibition slide tests. Their more selective binding properties
      allow detection of low levels of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) in the urine
      and serum. These tests approach the accuracy of serum beta-HCG radioimmunoassays
      for confirmation of normal pregnancy or evaluation of possible abnormal
      pregnancy.

PMID- 3394610
TI  - Questions to ask about clinical research trials.

PMID- 3394611
TI  - Complicated atherosclerotic lesions: a potential cause of ischemic ventricular
      arrhythmias in cardiac arrest survivors who do not have inducible ventricular
      tachycardia?
AB  - Sudden cardiac death that is not due to acute myocardial infarction may be due to
      primary ventricular tachycardia or to an arrhythmia secondary to a transient
      episode of ischemia. The purpose of this study was to determine if the incidence
      of complicated coronary lesions, which may be a cause of unstable ischemic
      syndromes, is increased in survivors of an aborted sudden death, especially those
      without ventricular tachycardia inducible by programmed ventricular stimulation.
      Nineteen consecutive survivors of an aborted sudden death not due to an acute
      infarction who underwent coronary angiography and programmed ventricular
      stimulation within 3 weeks of the event were matched for age, sex, previous
      infarction, and severity of coronary artery disease with 38 control patients with
      stable coronary artery disease. There was no difference in the incidence of
      complicated coronary lesions between the total group of sudden death victims and
      controls (47% vs 42%). However, 6 of the 11 (64%) sudden death patients who did
      not have inducible ventricular tachycardia had a complicated lesion as compared
      to only two of the eight (25%) patients with inducible ventricular tachycardia (p
      = 0.10). Angiograms identified a complicated lesion or functioning myocardium
      supplied only by collateral vessels as possible sources of transient ischemia in
      73% of noninducible sudden death patients and in 25% of inducible sudden death
      patients (p = 0.04). Thus coronary angiography in cardiac arrest survivors who do
      not have inducible ventricular tachycardia often suggests a possible mechanism of
      transient ischemia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3394613
TI  - The use of carbon dioxide fiberoptic laser catheter for atrial septostomy.
AB  - The development of optical fibers capable of transmitting laser energy has
      encouraged the experimental use of laser irradiation for the treatment of
      acquired cardiovascular disorders. One of the key questions is which combination
      of laser source, energy parameters, and transmitting fiberoptic would be best
      suited for intravascular use. In most experiments argon, neodymium-YAG, and
      excimer lasers, coupled to suitable optical fibers, have been used. We now
      describe the use of a carbon dioxide fiberoptic laser catheter for the creation
      of an atrial septal defect. Silver halide infrared transmitting fibers were
      inserted into standard 6 French cardiovascular catheters. This laser catheter
      system, capable of transmitting several watts of pulsed CO2 laser energy, was
      initially used to create atrial septal defects in isolated dog hearts to
      determine the best energy parameters. Atrial septostomy was later performed
      successfully in four of five anesthetized dogs. The thermal damage extended 50 to
      60 micron beyond the "holes" created by the laser irradiation in the interatrial
      septum. Thus, pulsed CO2 laser irradiation, delivered through optical fibers, can
      create an atrial septal defect.

PMID- 3394612
TI  - Biventricular performance during volume loading in patients with early septic
      shock, with emphasis on the right ventricle: a combined hemodynamic and
      radionuclide study.
AB  - The cardiac response to a rapid volume infusion was studied in 18 patients with
      septic shock accompanied by pulmonary hypertension. Right and left ventricular
      ejection fractions were measured, and right and left ventricular volume indices
      were calculated from ejection fractions and stroke volumes before and 30 minutes
      after the start of the infusion. Responders (13 patients) showed an increase in
      stroke volume index (SVI) as a result of a mean 30% increase in right ventricular
      end-diastolic volume index (RVEDVI) and a mean 17% increase in left ventricular
      end-diastolic volume index (LVEDVI) during volume loading. In the nonresponders
      (five patients) fluid loading resulted in a decreased or unchanged SVI; this was
      accompanied by a 7% increase in RVEDVI but no change in LVEDVI, although both the
      central venous pressure and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure increased. At
      baseline, nonresponders differed from responders as evidenced by a high central
      venous pressure and RVEDVI but a lower mean arterial pressure: thus, right
      ventricular coronary perfusion pressure was lower and right ventricular wall
      stress may have been higher. Mean pulmonary artery pressure did not differ
      between the groups. Our data suggest that in some patients with septic shock
      volume loading does not result in increased forward flow because of right
      ventricular failure associated with pulmonary hypertension and coronary
      hypotension.

PMID- 3394609
TI  - Cancer survivors.

PMID- 3394614
TI  - Atrial septal defects in neonates with reference to spontaneous closure.
AB  - Early diagnosis of atrial septal defects (ASDs) by means of two-dimensional
      echocardiography has facilitated studies on the natural course of this lesion.
      Among 12 Japanese infants in whom a diagnosis of opening of the atrial septum was
      made in the neonatal period, eight had spontaneous closure at age 2 to 16 months,
      as shown by two-dimensional echocardiography. To study the exact incidence and
      natural course of atrial openings in the neonatal period, another 102 consecutive
      infants from two neonatal care units were followed prospectively with the use of
      two-dimensional echocardiography. Atrial openings were evident in 24 infants
      (24%) within the first week of life, in 13 (13%) older than 1 week, in seven (7%)
      older than 1 month, in five (5%) older than 6 months, and in two (2%) older than
      1 year. Twenty-eight of the 30 infants with spontaneous closure in both groups
      had valvelike openings of the atrial septum that closed by fusion of the valves.
      ASDs that closed spontaneously in infants with clinical signs and symptoms of
      atrial shunt may be the same clinical entity as the valvelike openings of the
      atrial septum frequently observed in neonates with few clinical symptoms and may
      be differentiated morphologically from ASDs with openings without valve
      formation, which have little tendency to close.

PMID- 3394615
TI  - Erythropoietin in cyanotic heart disease.
AB  - We hypothesized that children with cyanotic congenital heart disease and moderate
      hypoxemia, as a result of erythrocytosis, and adequate iron stores would have low
      serum erythropoietin titers, low tissue oxygen delivery, and normal red cell 2,3
      diphosphoglycerate (DPG) concentrations. We assessed hemoglobin levels, aortic
      oxygen saturation, iron stores, red cell 2,3-DPG, oxygen consumption, and
      systemic O2 transport in 19 hypoxemic patients, aged 3 months to 8 years. Low
      erythropoietin titers (less than 30 mU/dl) were found in 14 patients. Patients
      with high erythropoietin titers had lower Pao2 (36 +/- 7 vs 49 +/- 7 mm Hg, p
      less than 0.01), lower aortic saturation (68 +/- 12 vs 81 +/- 9%, p less than
      0.01), and higher red cell 2,3-DPG (2.47 +/- 0.34 vs 3.23 +/- 0.73 mumol/ml, p
      less than 0.01). Aortic oxygen saturation higher than 80% was associated with a
      low erythropoietin titer and a hemoglobin level below that associated with
      hyperviscosity. The relationship between aortic oxygen saturation and hemoglobin
      concentration was strong (r = 0.77). These data suggest that for children less
      than 8 years of age, adequate compensation for moderate hypoxemia can occur with
      moderate increases in hemoglobin levels.

PMID- 3394616
TI  - Long-term pacing in sinus node disease: effects of stimulation mode on
      cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
AB  - In a previous retrospective treatment-comparison study of 168 patients with sinus
      node disease, we found a significantly higher incidence of permanent atrial
      fibrillation and congestive heart failure in patients treated with ventricular
      (VVI) pacing compared to atrial (AAI) pacing, after an average follow-up period
      of 2 years. To determine whether these differences persisted and whether AAI
      pacing resulted in a lower mortality rate than VVI pacing during long-term follow
      up, the treatment groups were restudied after an average of 4 years of pacemaker
      treatment. The incidence of permanent atrial fibrillation was still significantly
      higher (p less than 0.0005) in the VVI group than in the AAI group after the
      additional 2 years (VVI = 47%, an increase from 29%; AAI = 6.7%, an increase from
      3.4%). Congestive heart failure occurred significantly more often in the VVI
      group than in the AAI group (37% vs 15%, p less than 0.005). Analysis of survival
      data showed a higher overall mortality rate in the VVI group (23% vs 8%, p less
      than 0.05). The development of high-degree atrioventricular block in the AAI
      group remained low (total 4.5%). Thus, in sinus node disease, the advantages of
      AAI over VVI pacing persist during long-term follow-up. The differences in
      cardiovascular morbidity between the groups tend to increase with time and appear
      to result in a lower mortality rate among patients treated with AAI pacing.

PMID- 3394617
TI  - Visualization of anomalous origin of the left main coronary artery from the
      pulmonary trunk by pulsed and color Doppler echocardiography.

PMID- 3394618
TI  - Balloon embolization of a pulmonary arteriovenous fistula after cavopulmonary
      anastomosis in tricuspid atresia.

PMID- 3394620
TI  - Successful surgery for atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia in a small child.

PMID- 3394619
TI  - Congenital aneurysm of the interventricular muscular septum with rupture into the
      right ventricle in a child.

PMID- 3394621
TI  - Two-dimensional echocardiography and Doppler color flow abnormalities in aortic
      root dissection.

PMID- 3394622
TI  - Aortic aneurysm presenting with left atrial obstruction.

PMID- 3394623
TI  - Severe pulmonary hypertension due to carcinomatous lymphangitis of the lungs
      associated with unsuspected gastric cancer.

PMID- 3394625
TI  - Amiodarone and beta-adrenergic blockers: an interaction with metoprolol but not
      with atenolol.

PMID- 3394626
TI  - Early aortic valve restenosis after successful balloon valvuloplasty.

PMID- 3394624
TI  - Diaphragmatic hernia producing symptoms and signs of a left atrial mass.

PMID- 3394627
TI  - Inotropism in ischemic heart disease and hypertension. Proceedings of a satellite
      symposium to the 60th annual scientific sessions of the American Heart
      Association. November 15, 1987, Anaheim, California.

PMID- 3394628
TI  - New concepts of inotropism in ischemic heart disease and hypertension.

PMID- 3394630
TI  - Psychological distress as a predictor of ventricular arrhythmias in a post
      myocardial infarction population.
AB  - A prospective study examining the relationship between psychological distress and
      ventricular ectopy was conducted with 125 post-myocardial infarction patients
      equipped with a transtelephonic ECG monitor. Subjects were subsequently grouped
      according to the occurrence (n = 59) or nonoccurrence (n = 65) of ventricular
      arrhythmias over a 1-year period. Results indicated a direct relationship between
      self-reported distress levels and occurrence of ectopic beats. This relationship
      was unaltered by adjusting simultaneously for known predictors of arrhythmias,
      including cardiac risk, age, and the prescription of beta-blocker agents. Thus
      this study represents an initial demonstration in a post-myocardial infarction
      population that psychosocial factors have prognostic significance for arrhythmias
      and, presumably, sudden death.

PMID- 3394629
TI  - Electrocardiographic diagnosis of myocardial infarction in the presence of
      complete left bundle branch block.
AB  - Whether myocardial infarction (MI) can be diagnosed electrocardiographically in
      the presence of left bundle branch block (LBBB) is controversial. Our study
      sought to test the reliability of ECG criteria for diagnosing MI in patients with
      LBBB. Among 985 patients presenting within 18 hours of the onset of ischemic
      chest pain, 35 had complete LBBB. Acute MI was identified by serial MB-creatine
      kinase (CK) elevations and prior MI was determined by previously documented ECG
      and/or enzyme changes. Among those with LBBB, 24 patients had acute and/or prior
      MI, while 11 had neither. Eleven ECG criteria previously proposed for detecting
      MI in the presence of LBBB were evaluated. In patients presenting with ischemic
      chest pain and complete LBBB, presence of any one of the following ECG criteria
      was highly specific (90% to 100%) and predictive (85% to 100%) for acute or prior
      MI: Q waves in at least two of leads I, aVL, V5, or V6; R wave regression from V1
      to V4; notching of the upstroke of the S wave in at least two of leads V3, V4, or
      V5, and primary ST-T wave changes in two or more adjacent leads.

PMID- 3394631
TI  - Ventricular fibrillation induced by the interaction between acute myocardial
      ischemia and sympathetic hyperactivity: effect of nifedipine.
AB  - Sympathetic hyperactivity plays a major role in the genesis of malignant
      arrhythmias during acute myocardial ischemia. An experimental model in which life
      threatening arrhythmias are specifically and consistently induced by the
      interaction between acute myocardial ischemia and left stellate ganglion
      stimulation has been developed in alpha-chloralose anesthetized cats. In this
      preparation, drugs that share antiischemic, antiadrenergic, and specific
      electrophysiologic effects, such as verapamil, diltiazem, and amiodarone, were
      most effective. To evaluate the relative role of these different properties in
      mediating the effect of antiarrhythmic drugs, we used this same model to test
      nifedipine, a calcium channel blocker that is able to counteract the consequences
      of sympathetic stimulation on coronary circulation but has no electrophysiologic
      properties at concentrations relevant in the clinical setting. Nifedipine (15
      micrograms/kg) prevented the occurrence of ventricular fibrillation in 10 of 13
      animals (77%). Its efficacy was independent of changes in the peripheral
      hemodynamics. Plasma concentrations of nifedipine were within the therapeutic
      range in humans. To evaluate if this rather striking protective effect was
      specifically related to the prevention of the deleterious consequences of
      sympathetic stimulation, the effect of nifedipine on ventricular fibrillation
      threshold was studied in an additional group of 13 cats in the nonischemic state,
      during acute myocardial ischemia and during ischemia plus sympathetic
      stimulation. Nifedipine did not modify ventricular fibrillation threshold in
      nonischemic or in ischemic conditions. However, nifedipine specifically prevented
      the further reduction in ventricular fibrillation threshold occurring when
      sympathetic stimulation was superimposed on acute ischemia. These data suggest
      that the extension of ischemic damage by sympathetic stimulation is an important
      progenitor of arrhythmogenic action during acute ischemia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3394632
TI  - Serial changes in left ventricular wall motion by two-dimensional
      echocardiography following anterior myocardial infarction.
AB  - To evaluate the time course of spontaneous changes in wall motion following
      anterior infarction, we prospectively performed serial apical four-chamber two
      dimensional echocardiography on 45 consecutive long-term survivors of initial
      transmural anterior infarction. Studies were performed on admission (1 +/- 1
      days), 1 week after admission (6 +/- 2 days), at discharge (15 +/- 8 days), and
      at long-term follow-up (235 +/- 186 days). Ventricular size was expressed as end
      diastolic area in square centimeters. Wall motion for this tomographic section
      was evaluated as the percent change in left ventricular area from end diastole to
      end systole (% LVA). Patients were grouped on the basis of significant
      differences for %LVA between the first and fourth studies. Group I (n = 14) had
      improved wall motion (23 +/- 5% to 38 +/- 9%); group II (n = 23) did not change
      (22 +/- 9% to 23 +/- 11%); and group III (n = 8) had worsened wall motion (28 +/-
      6% to 18 +/- 7%). End-diastolic area did not change over the study period for
      groups I and II but increased significantly for group III (30 +/- 6 to 35 +/- 4
      cm2, p less than 0.05). Most of the increase in end-diastolic area for group III
      was between the third and fourth study. The percent improvement (%IMP) in wall
      motion for patients in group I who did not have ventricular fibrillation outside
      the hospital expressed in days (t) following infarction fit an exponential curve
      (%IMP = 100-100e-(.108t) that predicts that 70% of eventual recovery will occur
      in the first 15 days post-infarction. We conclude that changes in left
      ventricular size and wall motion occur following anterior infarction with
      improvement or worsening occurring spontaneously in some patients. If improvement
      occurs, it should be evident within 2 weeks of infarction; infarct expansion in
      this select group of long-term survivors occurred primarily after discharge.

PMID- 3394633
TI  - Coronary distending pressure and delayed myocardial ischemia.
AB  - The role of blood pressure alterations in the delayed onset of myocardial
      ischemia following sympathetic stimulation was studied in seven anesthetized
      dogs. In the presence of coronary stenosis, stimulation of the left stellate
      ganglion produced significant increases in heart rate and mean aortic pressure,
      but not in mean coronary blood flow or intracoronary pressure. Following
      cessation of stimulation, heart rate and aortic pressure returned to control
      levels over a 1- to 2-minute period. During this time, there was a progressive
      coronary vasoconstriction, as indicated by a significant fall in coronary
      arterial flow and intracoronary pressure. When the hypertensive response to
      stellate stimulation was prevented by controlled exsanguination, the coronary
      vasoconstriction was not delayed but occurred during stimulation. In the second
      phase of experiments, the aorta was constricted so as to raise systemic pressure
      to the peak level achieved during stimulation. Elevation of systemic pressure
      consistently restored coronary arterial blood flow and intracoronary pressure to
      the control values. By contrast, induction of hypertension by restimulation of
      the stellate ganglion failed to reverse the delayed coronary vasoconstriction. We
      conclude that delayed myocardial ischemia results from the imbalance between
      coronary distending pressure and an alpha-adrenergically mediated vasoconstrictor
      activity that persists following cessation of sympathetic nervous system
      stimulation.

PMID- 3394635
TI  - Transcutaneous pacing: experience with the Zoll noninvasive temporary pacemaker.
AB  - We investigated the effectiveness of noninvasive transcutaneous pacing in 35
      patients. Pacing was achieved in 33 of 35 patients (94%). In 24 patients the
      indications were: acute sinoatrial block, atrioventricular block, or asystole
      with unconsciousness due to acute myocardial infarction in eight; sick sinus node
      syndrome in 12; and other indications in four patients. These patients were paced
      for 2 minutes to 14 hours; the median length of pacing was 15 minutes. The pacing
      thresholds varied from 30 to 110 mA; pacing was achieved in 22 patients without
      serious side effects. Nine patients needed sedation and six were unconscious; 12
      later had a temporary or permanent transvenous pacemaker implanted. In 11
      patients noninvasive transcutaneous pacing was performed prior to implantation of
      a permanent pacing catheter: in eight pacing was done just prior to catheter
      insertion, and in three the threshold was determined before a weekend on which
      the patient had to wait for implantation. Pacing thresholds were from 45 to 90
      mA; the median was 55 mA. Seven of these eight patients felt chest pain. No
      serious side effects were seen. We conclude that transcutaneous pacing is
      effective and safe and can be used instead of inserting a transvenous catheter if
      this is impossible or until one can be inserted.

PMID- 3394637
TI  - Hypertension: a view beyond the numbers. Proceedings of a symposium. Palm Desert,
      California, November 1-2, 1987.

PMID- 3394636
TI  - Coronary artery disease in blacks of lower socioeconomic status: angiographic
      findings from the Cook County Hospital Heart Disease Registry.
AB  - During a 4-year period, 1,022 blacks underwent angiography at our institution for
      the presumptive diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD). Among the 454 men, at
      least one coronary stenosis was demonstrated in 288 cases (63%), while
      significant narrowing was found in 242 of 568 women (43%). Despite the frequent
      finding of normal coronary arteries, those patients with significant CAD had
      severe disease. Thus among men with CAD, left main stenosis was present in 7% and
      three-vessel narrowing was seen in 53%; among the women, 8% had left main
      stenosis and three-vessel disease was present in 52%. Two countervailing
      processes appear to be occurring, namely (1) identification of true coronary
      symptoms is difficult in this group of patients and (2) diagnosis of true cases
      occurs late in the course of the disease and the distribution of the number of
      vessels involved is skewed upwards. Increased echocardiographically determined
      left ventricular mass and hypertension were prevalent among all groups. These
      data suggest that the approach to the diagnosis of CAD in the black population is
      difficult and severe CAD occurs frequently.

PMID- 3394634
TI  - Scintigraphic detection of regional disruption of adrenergic neurons in the
      heart.
AB  - Experiments were designed to detect regional disruptions of adrenergic neurons in
      the hearts of living dogs. The neuron disruption was achieved by the application
      of phenol to the epicardium of the left ventricle. Evidence for denervation was
      the reduction in endogenous norepinephrine (NE) concentrations in the myocardium
      beneath the region of phenol treatment and toward the apex. Radiolabeled meta
      iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) acts as an analog of NE and as such is concentrated in
      adrenergic nerve terminals. Following phenol application, MIBG labeled with 125I
      was found, 20 hours after injection, to be distributed within myocardium in
      patterns comparable to those of NE. However, left stellectomy did not alter the
      distributions of NE or 125I-MIBG in the myocardium and apparently did not disrupt
      adrenergic innervation. MIBG labeled with 123I enabled scintigraphic images of
      heart neurons in the living dog 3 and 20 hours after injection; these images
      portrayed the regions of adrenergic neuron disruption caused by phenol treatment.
      Concentrations of thallium-201 depicted on scintigraphic image and of
      triphenyltetrazolium observed on in vitro staining demonstrated no myocardial
      injury. Thus scintigraphy with 123I-MIBG will display regional adrenergic
      denervations in the heart.

PMID- 3394639
TI  - First International Conference on Stress, Hemodynamics, and Hypertension.
      Hemodynamics and stress factors in evaluation and management. Proceedings.

PMID- 3394638
TI  - Cardiovascular risks: new insights from Framingham.
AB  - Although cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death in the United
      States, its incidence has decreased steadily during the past 20 years. This trend
      is largely attributable to improved detection and management of cardiovascular
      risk factors. The pioneering work of the Framingham Heart Study, which has
      followed subjects since the late 1940s, has helped shed light on the risks
      conferred by factors such as advancing age, hypertension, smoking, elevated serum
      cholesterol, diabetes, left ventricular hypertrophy, and obesity. As a result of
      this ongoing investigation, clinicians have gained a better understanding of the
      ways in which cardiovascular risks can be modified so that mortality rates will
      hopefully continue to decline.

PMID- 3394640
TI  - Hemodynamic response patterns to mental stress: diagnostic and therapeutic
      implications.
AB  - Stress has been identified as contributing to the development of cardiovascular
      disease. The pathophysiologic link between stress and disease still remains
      unclear. Because experimental stress testing in the laboratory permits the
      examination of the underlying mechanism for stress-induced blood pressure,
      analyses of cardiovascular reactivity during emotional stress could be of
      particular clinical importance. The analyses of pooled data during the past 6
      years (n = 298, age from 20 to 60 years, normotensive subjects as well as
      patients with borderline and mild essential hypertension) reveal that stress
      induced changes in stroke volume and especially in total peripheral resistance
      are crucial parameters to analyze the hemodynamic stress response. However,
      neither those simple nor complex response patterns such as "hot reactor" describe
      clinically distinct subgroups of persons. When physiologic testing was repeated
      in hypertensive patients after effective long-term antihypertensive therapy with
      clonidine, oxprenolol, nitrendipine, or enalapril, no attenuation of the stress
      induced increase in blood pressure was found in any of these groups. However,
      heart rate reactivity and stress-induced changes in total peripheral resistance
      were altered significantly by oxprenolol and nitrendipine. The beta-adrenoceptor
      blocker decreased heart rate reactivity and increased reactivity of peripheral
      resistance; the calcium antagonist decreased stress-induced changes in peripheral
      resistance and increased the heart rate response. The centrally acting
      sympatholytic regimen and the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor had no
      impact on the hemodynamic response pattern during emotional challenge.

PMID- 3394641
TI  - Psychophysiologic stress testing as a predictor of mean daily blood pressure.
AB  - This study describes correlations between the mean daily blood pressures
      determined by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and those obtained during
      psychophysiologic stress testing. Seven normotensive and 21 hypertensive persons
      were monitored for hemodynamic changes in the laboratory while undergoing various
      standardized, low-challenge psychophysiologic tests. The same persons then had
      their blood pressure monitored with an ambulatory unit for the rest of the day.
      The laboratory "resting" pressure used was derived by averaging measurements for
      mean blood pressure obtained in three positions: standing, sitting, and supine.
      The "stress" pressure used was the mean blood pressure obtained by averaging
      three readings taken during videogame playing. A good correlation (r = 0.78)
      between work-time blood pressure and the laboratory stress pressure was noted.
      The correlation was improved (r = 0.8) when the averages of laboratory resting
      and stress values were used. A relationship was also noted between peak pressures
      obtained during the laboratory testing and those obtained during work-time by
      ambulatory monitoring.

PMID- 3394642
TI  - Lessons learned and future directions.
AB  - The definition of high blood pressure needs to be made more clinically relevant
      and predictive of future cardiovascular sequelae. Age, sex, genetic factors,
      diet, environment, behavior, and mental attitude can influence hemodynamics and
      cardiovascular outcomes. The greater the number of blood pressure determinations,
      the more valid the diagnosis of hypertension. Mean daily blood pressure
      determined by ambulatory monitoring is generally conceded to be the most
      significant prognosticator but is not suitable for routine use. Psychophysiologic
      stress testing may provide a means of estimating the mean daily blood pressure.
      Carbon dioxide rebreathing and other techniques being investigated may also
      provide useful hemodynamic measurements. Because of the adverse impacts of
      antihypertensive medications, nonpharmacologic approaches to treatment may be
      preferable where possible. Biofeedback and relaxation techniques have benefited
      certain persons. A comprehensive program that includes additional approaches has
      provided significant improvements and is briefly described. An overview of the
      conference presentations is also included.

PMID- 3394643
TI  - Women pharmacy faculty: changing the face of pharmacy education.

PMID- 3394645
TI  - A petition to the Board of Pharmaceutical Specialties requesting recognition of
      pharmacotherapy as a specialty. The American College of Clinical Pharmacy.

PMID- 3394644
TI  - Women and pharmacy ownership.

PMID- 3394646
TI  - Pharmaceutical services standards for home health care.

PMID- 3394647
TI  - A symposium: Second International Conference on Hypercholesterolemia--examining
      new data on probucol after a decade of use.

PMID- 3394648
TI  - Prevention of atherosclerotic progression in Watanabe rabbits by probucol.
AB  - The foam cell has been recognized as a characteristic feature of xanthomas in
      skin and tendons, and also of atheromas. Many foam cells in these lesions share
      properties characteristic of the macrophages. Therefore macrophages may be the
      progenitor of certain foam cells that are involved in atherogenesis. Several
      investigators demonstrated in vitro that macrophages can ingest large amounts of
      certain chemically modified lipoproteins, such as acetylated low-density
      lipoprotein (LDL) and malondialdehyde-treated LDL, through the process of
      receptor-mediated endocytosis. By this process, macrophages become foam cells.
      But this process has not been demonstrated in vivo. Recently, oxidized LDL has
      been suggested to play an important role in atherogenesis by facilitating the
      accumulation of lipids in macrophages in vitro. Probucol, originally developed as
      an antioxidant, prevents this oxidative modification of LDL in vitro. Moreover,
      there are some clinical reports that probucol induces regression of cutaneous and
      tendon xanthomas in patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. A
      question was posed whether in vivo probucol could prevent the progression of
      atherosclerosis in homozygous Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL) rabbits,
      an animal model for familial hypercholesterolemia. At age 2 months, 8 WHHL
      rabbits were classified into 2 groups: group A rabbits were controls and group B
      rabbits were treated with 1% probucol. After 6 months of treatment, average
      plasma concentrations of cholesterol were 704 +/- 121 mg/dl in group A and 584 +/
      61 mg/dl in group B. The percentage of surface area of total thoracic aorta with
      visible plaques in group A vs group B was 54.2 +/- 18.8% vs 7.0 +/- 6.3%,
      respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3394650
TI  - Effect of probucol on development of diabetes mellitus in BB rats.
AB  - Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) results from an inflammatory process
      leading to destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas.
      Genetically mediated autoimmune processes are considered the most likely
      explanation for IDDM in humans, while viral infections, toxic agents, nutritional
      alterations and stress are also considered possibilities. The precise mechanisms
      by which autoimmunity, infections, toxins or other agents produce beta cell
      damage are not known. Toxin-induced diabetes in animals can be prevented by
      antioxidant therapy, while an agent that inhibits hydroxyl radical formation,
      desferrioxamine, extends the survival time of free allotypic islets in nonobese
      diabetic mice. The BB/W rat develops IDDM secondary to a pervasive autoimmune
      defect. This well-studied animal model develops IDDM with a highly predictable
      frequency and timing. This study describes the effects of the potent antioxidant,
      probucol, on the development of diabetes in BB rats by introducing it into
      standard rat chow at a 1% concentration at the time of weaning, and continuing
      this feeding schedule through 160 days of life. Control rats from split litters
      received standard chow only. Diabetes developed in 86.2% of the control rats at a
      mean age of 90.4 days. Probucol administration was associated with a reduction to
      62% and a delay in diabetes diagnosis to 99.6 days. These very preliminary
      results suggest that probucol may be altering the inflammatory process, resulting
      in beta cell destruction in these genetically diabetes-prone rats.

PMID- 3394649
TI  - Lipoprotein oxidation and cytotoxicity: effect of probucol on streptozotocin
      treated rats.
AB  - For a number of years, the cell-damaging effects of oxidized low-density
      lipoproteins (LDL) have been studied. Oxidized LDL-induced tissue damage may be
      important in vivo; there is mounting evidence for the occurrence of oxidized
      lipoproteins in various pathologic conditions such as in atherosclerotic lesions
      and in the plasma of diabetic humans and experimental animals. These developments
      led to the current study of lipoprotein oxidation in streptozotocin-induced
      diabetes in the rat. This presentation will first review investigations of the
      toxicity of LDL to cells grown in tissue culture that occurs when LDL becomes
      oxidized. Then the results are presented indicating that lipoprotein oxidation
      occurs in vivo in experimental diabetes and renders diabetic lipoproteins
      cytotoxic in vitro. Both the oxidation and the cytotoxicity of diabetic
      lipoproteins are inhibitable by treating the diabetic rats with lipophilic
      antioxidants such as probucol.

PMID- 3394651
TI  - Effect of probucol on macrophages, leading to regression of xanthomas and
      atheromatous vascular lesions.
AB  - To explain the strong effect of probucol on xanthomas, the drug's effect on lipid
      storage in macrophages in the presence of denatured low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
      was studied. Two macrophage cell lines, UE-12 and THP-1, were used. Those cells
      stored lipids and became foam cells when they were incubated with acetylated LDL
      (acetyl-LDL). When probucol was added into the medium either in ethanolic
      solution or in the form bound to LDL, the storage of cholesterol and other lipids
      and the development of macrophages into foam cells were greatly suppressed. Two
      functions of probucol should be considered: (1) It inhibited the uptake of acetyl
      LDL by macrophages; and (2) it enhanced the release of cholesterol from these
      cells. Cells were first incubated with probucol. After the cells were washed with
      fresh medium, the radiolabeled acetyl-LDL was added to the medium and the
      degradation of acetyl-LDL was measured. Increasing the concentration of probucol
      led to a decrease in degradation of acetyl-LDL by macrophages. Probucol also
      suppressed the uptake of albumin. Macrophages were incubated with acetyl-LDL,
      washed once, then incubated with or without probucol and high-density lipoprotein
      (HDL). Addition of HDL caused a rapid decrease in cholesterol content in the
      cells, and this phenomenon was enhanced by probucol for both kinds of cells. The
      secretion of apolipoprotein E was also stimulated by the addition of probucol.
      These 2 sets of experimental results suggest that probucol prevents lipid storage
      in macrophages by both suppressing the uptake and stimulating the release of
      cholesterol and other lipids into or from the macrophages.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3394652
TI  - Probucol enhances cholesterol transport in cultured rat hepatocytes.
AB  - Probucol has been investigated extensively in vivo and ex vivo. However, little
      information is available on direct treatment of cultured cells. Treatment of
      cultured hepatocytes by 1 to 10 microM probucol for 16 to 20 hours had no
      apparent deleterious effect on the cell, and in fact decreased lactic
      dehydrogenase leakage. Also, total cellular cholesterol was increased,
      cholesterol synthesis was decreased, and cholesterol esterification was
      increased. The increase in cellular cholesterol was not the result of increased
      lipoprotein uptake but appeared to be the result of an interaction between cell
      and lipoprotein in which the cell became enriched and the lipoprotein depleted in
      cholesterol. This type of change in lipoprotein composition after treatment is
      also observed clinically.

PMID- 3394653
TI  - Probucol enhances cholesterol efflux from cultured human skin fibroblasts.
AB  - To explore whether the reported xanthoma-reducing effects of probucol are related
      to tissue-specific mechanisms of the drug, the influence of probucol on
      cholesterol efflux from cultured human skin fibroblasts was investigated.
      Incubation of cells with probucol led to a 2-fold enhancement of high-density
      lipoprotein-mediated cholesterol efflux. This result raises the possibility that
      probucol may reduce cholesterol accumulation in tissues through a cholesterol
      mobilizing action.

PMID- 3394654
TI  - In vivo inhibition of foam cell development by probucol in Watanabe rabbits.
AB  - Previous studies from this laboratory have shown that oxidative modification of
      low-density lipoprotein (LDL) causes it to be recognized by the scavenger
      receptor of the macrophage. Consequently, the rate of degradation of oxidized LDL
      by macrophages can be 3 to 10 times that of native LDL. Antioxidants, such as
      probucol, are highly effective in preventing the oxidative modification of LDL.
      Our recent studies show that probucol treatment of LDL receptor-deficient
      Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL) rabbits selectively inhibits the
      degradation of LDL in fatty streak lesions (which are rich in macrophage-derived
      foam cells) without inhibiting degradation in nonlesioned areas (where
      degradation is predominantly in smooth muscle cells, which do not express the
      scavenger receptor). Furthermore, the rate of progression of lesions in probucol
      treated animals was significantly slower than in a lovastatin-treated group
      maintained at equal total plasma cholesterol levels. These results strongly
      suggest that probucol, through an antioxidant activity not necessarily related to
      its ability to lower plasma cholesterol levels, can slow the progression of the
      foam-cell-rich fatty streak lesion of atherosclerosis.

PMID- 3394657
TI  - Heterophil-negative mononucleosis-like illnesses with atypical lymphocytosis in
      patients undergoing seroconversions to the human immunodeficiency virus.
AB  - The authors present data from four patients with acute heterophil-negative
      mononucleosis-like illnesses who were initially thought to have primary Epstein
      Barr virus (EBV) infections but eventually were shown to be seroconverting to the
      human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Widespread lymphadenopathy and blood smears
      indistinguishable from those typically encountered in the acute phase of
      infectious mononucleosis were present in all cases. There were also varying
      combinations of fever, sore throat, and malaise, as well as mild abnormalities of
      hepatic function and elevated cold agglutinins (anti-I). Anti-HIV was detected by
      both enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot techniques in all cases,
      with increasing titers noted in two of three serially studied cases. In one
      patient, a dual infection with the hepatitis B virus was also documented.
      Diagnostic possibilities in patients with acute mononucleosis-like illnesses
      dominated by prominent lymphadenopathy should include primary seroconversions to
      HIV.

PMID- 3394655
TI  - Increased levels of messenger ribonucleic acid for apolipoprotein E in the spleen
      of probucol-treated rabbits.
AB  - To study the organ-specific effect of probucol, a potent cholesterol-lowering
      drug, on apolipoprotein(apo)E synthesis, rabbit apoE complementary
      deoxyribonucleic acid (cDNA) clones were isolated and apoE messenger ribonucleic
      acid (mRNA) levels were determined in various tissues isolated from probucol
      treated rabbits. A 0.54 kb apoE cDNA was cloned from a rabbit liver cDNA library
      using a synthetic oligonucleotide probe. The amino acid sequence deduced from an
      apoE coding region indicated 78% homology for human apoE and 63% homology for rat
      apoE. RNA blot analysis showed that apoE mRNA was most abundant in the liver,
      then in the brain and spleen. The relative amounts of apoE mRNA were determined
      in tissues of rabbits fed a normal diet, or high-cholesterol (1%) diet with or
      without probucol (1%). ApoE mRNA levels increased 2- to 4-fold in the spleen and
      brain after cholesterol feeding for 4 weeks and were higher by 52 to 70% in the
      spleen of probucol-treated rabbits than in nontreated rabbits. This induction of
      apoE mRNA occurs within 7 days after the initiation of probucol treatment.
      However, apoE mRNA levels in the liver, a major apoE-synthesizing organ, were not
      enhanced after probucol treatment. These results indicate that probucol induces
      apoE mRNA expression specifically in the spleen and may affect apoE-mediated
      lipoprotein metabolism, the so-called reverse cholesterol transport.

PMID- 3394658
TI  - Agarose gel patterns of alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes before and after
      treatment with neuraminidase.
AB  - The clinical value of alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme analysis is limited by the
      inability of most electrophoretic methods to resolve the liver and bone
      isoenzymes. The authors attacked this problem by treating serum samples with
      neuraminidase, then running treated and untreated samples side-by-side on
      specially prepared agarose gels. Each isoenzyme showed a characteristic mobility
      before and after neuraminidase treatment that allowed its identification. The
      mobility of the bone isoenzyme was most affected, whereas the intestinal
      isoenzyme was resistant to the action of neuraminidase. In samples with both
      liver and bone isoenzymes, pretreatment with neuraminidase clearly distinguished
      the bands, allowing quantitation by densitometry. Using this method, the authors
      discovered 22 liver isoenzymes in 54 samples that were interpreted as only bone
      isoenzyme before neuraminidase treatment. They also detected two bone isoenzymes
      in 35 samples that appeared to contain only liver +/- biliary isoenzymes. In
      addition, this procedure enabled them to characterize several unusual isoenzymes
      with respect to mobility, thus avoiding confusion with the other isoenzymes.

PMID- 3394656
TI  - Selective reduction of cholesterol in HDL2 fraction by probucol in familial
      hypercholesterolemia and hyperHDL2 cholesterolemia with abnormal cholesteryl
      ester transfer.
AB  - Long-term treatment with probucol induced marked regression of xanthoma in
      patients with both homozygous and heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia
      despite a substantial accompanying decrease in high-density lipoprotein (HDL)
      cholesterol. Furthermore, a close correlation was found between the extent of the
      regression and the reduction of HDL cholesterol, which suggests that the probucol
      induced decrease in HDL may not be an atherogenic change, but may reflect a
      favorable change for lipoprotein metabolism. The present study also evaluated the
      effects of probucol on HDL metabolism in patients with familial hyperHDL2
      cholesterolemia who had extremely high levels of HDL cholesterol ranging from 130
      to 280 mg/dl. Premature corneal opacities were present in 2 patients, 1 of whom
      also had coronary artery disease despite high HDL cholesterol levels. In the 2
      cases, the net transfer of cholesteryl ester from HDL to very low density
      lipoprotein and LDL was impaired, and low hepatic triglyceride lipase activity
      was observed, but cholesteryl ester transfer protein was not deficient.
      Administration of probucol to these patients caused a marked reduction of serum
      cholesterol, which was accounted for exclusively by a reduction in the HDL2
      fraction. The size of the HDL2 particles, which had been much larger, decreased
      to normal, and the net transfer rate of cholesteryl ester was normalized. In the
      other 3 cases of hyperHDL2 cholesterolemia, the cholesteryl ester transfer
      activity was completely deficient. Unlike its effect in the first 2 cases,
      probucol did not cause any change in lipid and apoprotein in the 3 patients with
      complete deficiency of cholesteryl ester transfer activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3394660
TI  - Positive direct antiglobulin test and high serum immunoglobulin G values.
AB  - To investigate the association between the positive direct antiglobulin test
      (DAT) and hypergammaglobulinemia, the authors prospectively studied 154 patients,
      classified into three groups: Group 1, 52 patients with a positive DAT result in
      pretransfusion samples; Group 2, 52 patients with a negative DAT result; and
      Group 3, 50 patients initially found to have an elevated serum immunoglobulin G
      (IgG) level. Serum protein electrophoreses and IgG quantifications were performed
      for all three groups. Serum haptoglobin and lactate dehydrogenase (LD) isoenzyme
      electrophoreses were also assayed for Group 1. Of 52 patients in Group 1, 17
      (33%) had an elevated serum IgG level and nonreactive eluates. Clinical history,
      haptoglobin, and LD isoenzyme studies did not suggest increased red blood cell
      destruction. Only 2 (4%) of 52 patients in Group 2 had an elevated serum IgG
      level. Of 50 in Group 3, 25 (50%) had a positive DAT result with nonreactive
      eluates and did not have hemolytic diseases. Two of 10 patients (20%) with serum
      IgG levels ranging from 18 to 20 g/L (1.8-2.0 g/dL), 13 of 29 (45%) with serum
      IgG levels from 20 to 40 g/L (2.0-4.0 g/dL), 4 of 6 (67%) with serum IgG levels
      from 40 to 60 g/L (4.0-6.0 g/dL), and 6 of 6 (100%) with serum IgG levels from 60
      to 80 g/L (6.0-8.0 g/dL) had a positive DAT result. The authors concluded there
      is a significant correlation between a positive DAT result and serum IgG
      concentrations and that the higher the elevated serum IgG, the more frequently
      the positive DAT result is observed. Elevated serum IgG levels may explain many
      positive DAT results in pretransfusion blood samples.

PMID- 3394659
TI  - Common reactive erythrophagocytosis in axillary lymph nodes.
AB  - Erythrophagocytosis by histiocytes in the sinuses of axillary lymph nodes is a
      common yet little-known phenomenon. The axillary lymph node dissections of 23
      patients were studied by light microscopy and graded for the amount of
      erythrophagocytosis. None of the patients had evidence of a systemic hemolytic
      process. Nineteen of them exhibited some degree of erythrophagocytosis, and this
      was present even in four of the six patients who never had a prior breast biopsy.
      Breast biopsy was associated with massive degrees of erythrophagocytosis in 8 of
      17 patients, and after a postbiopsy interval of two weeks 11 of 13 patients had
      hemosiderin deposition in the lymph nodes, evidence of red blood cell breakdown.
      This study serves to substantiate statements, made by others without confirmatory
      data, that large degrees of erythrophagocytosis may be seen in axillary lymph
      nodes after breast biopsies and that small amounts of erythrophagocytosis may be
      identified in lymph nodes of patients with no prior trauma history.

PMID- 3394661
TI  - Transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder with pseudosarcomatous stroma.
AB  - An 84-year-old man who complained of hematuria had transurethral resection of a
      large polypoid tumor in the urinary bladder. Pathologic examination showed an
      invasive, moderately differentiated transitional cell carcinoma with numerous
      atypical mesenchymal cells in its stroma. The latter cells failed to stain
      immunohistochemically for epithelial markers and were interpreted as reactive or
      pseudosarcomatous in nature. Transitional cell carcinomas with pseudosarcomatous
      stroma should be distinguished from bladder tumors with a neoplastic spindle cell
      component such as sarcomatoid carcinomas and carcinosarcomas.

PMID- 3394662
TI  - Benign glandular inclusions in parotid nerve.
AB  - Benign salivary ductular and acinar structures were demonstrated within an
      enlarged, disorderly intraparotid nerve in association with a mucoepidermoid
      carcinoma that did not, itself, manifest perineural invasion. Salivary gland can
      thus be added to the growing list of tissues in which "perineural invasion" by
      noncancerous epithelium has been observed. The proliferative features of the
      neural tissue in this case support the notion that neural elements may play an
      active role in the establishment of intimate neural-epithelial relationships. The
      mechanism for this phenomenon in the present case is postulated to be
      proliferation and ingrowth of the nerve tissue, possibly mediated by nerve growth
      factor or some related substance.

PMID- 3394663
TI  - Fat overload syndrome. An autopsy study with evaluation of the coagulopathy.
AB  - Fat overload syndrome is a rare complication of intravenous fat emulsion therapy.
      It is characterized by sudden elevation of the serum triglyceride level, fever,
      hepatosplenomegaly, coagulopathy, and variable end-organ dysfunction. The illness
      is generally discrete, and symptoms regress as the lipemia clears. The transient
      nature of the syndrome has allowed only speculation as to its pathogenesis. The
      authors report an autopsy study of a child who died during an acute episode of
      fat overload and document the causative role of fat sludging in the associated
      end-organ failure. In addition, they offer evidence that the coagulopathy,
      previously an enigma, results from primary fibrinolysis, possibly caused by
      release of tissue plasminogen activators from the damaged endothelial cells.

PMID- 3394664
TI  - Fluorescence of mucormycosis.

PMID- 3394666
TI  - Torsion of testicular appendixes as the most frequent cause of acute scrotal
      inflammation in infancy.

PMID- 3394665
TI  - Platelet storage and platelet volume.

PMID- 3394667
TI  - Asthma scoring systems.

PMID- 3394668
TI  - Surface cultures in the newborn and deeper implications.

PMID- 3394670
TI  - Mechanical complications of circumcision with a Gomco clamp.

PMID- 3394669
TI  - Body surface cultures in the newborn infant.

PMID- 3394671
TI  - Cerebral palsy in children with birth complications.

PMID- 3394673
TI  - Parents as advisers to departments of pediatrics.

PMID- 3394672
TI  - Hepatitis in acquired rubella infection in children.

PMID- 3394674
TI  - Approaches to ethical decision making in the neonatal intensive care unit.
AB  - Despite the "Baby Doe" regulations, there is no consensus on principles for
      deciding the fate of severely handicapped neonates. This essay analyzes four
      alternate positions--value of life, parental authority, best interests, and
      personhood--and suggests for consideration a fifth, ie, proximate personhood. The
      latter position, building on the strengths of the first four, argues that a
      handicapped newborn must possess a reasonable potential for minimal personal
      capacities to have a unique claim to life. Projected minimal capacities include
      personal self-awareness and net physiological benefit. If newborns are not
      expected to develop such capacities, parents should be free to choose the option
      of nontreatment.

PMID- 3394677
TI  - Blood pressure in Japanese children during the first three years of life. The
      Hisayama Study.
AB  - Blood pressure (BP) measurements were obtained from 522 healthy young children
      aged from 3 months to 3 years in Hisayama, Japan. The measurements were performed
      using a Doppler ultrasound device applied to children who were awake and sitting
      quietly on their mothers' laps. This method of obtaining BP was successful in 80%
      to 90% of children aged 3, 6, and 36 months, and in 60% to 70% of children aged
      between 12 and 18 months. Mean systolic BP varied from 88 mm Hg at 3 months to 96
      mm Hg at 3 years and showed a tendency to elevate with increasing age, with the
      increment being the greatest between ages 3 and 6 months. Mean diastolic BP was
      constant throughout the first three years of life.

PMID- 3394676
TI  - Soccer injuries and their relation to physical maturity.
AB  - A prospective study of injuries encountered during participation in a summer
      soccer camp for youths aged 6 through 17 years revealed an injury incidence of
      10.6 per 1000 hours for girls (107 injuries in 458 girls) and 7.3 per 1000 hours
      for boys (109 injuries in 681 boys). For both sexes, the incidence of injury
      increased at age 14 years. One certified athletic trainer (W.D.C.) assessed and
      documented all injuries during the course of the study. Seventy percent of
      injuries involved the lower extremities. Contusions represented 35.2%, strains
      27.8%, sprains 19.4%, and fractures and dislocations 2% of all reported injuries.
      The ankle was the most frequent site of injury in both sexes. Quadriceps strain
      was a common injury in boys. The boys with the highest incidence of injury were
      tall (greater than 165 cm) and had a weak grip (less than 25 kg), suggesting that
      skeletally mature but muscularly weak boys may be more susceptible to injury
      while playing soccer with peers of the same chronological age.

PMID- 3394678
TI  - Intraosseous infusion of hypertonic glucose and dopamine.
AB  - Intraosseous infusion of drugs for resuscitation and of fluids has been advocated
      as an alternate emergency technique to intravenous infusion. The reliability of
      intraosseous infusion of many substances has not been established. Glucose and
      dopamine hydrochloride are two commonly used emergency drugs in pediatric
      practice that have not been carefully studied when administered into the bone
      marrow. In an animal model, we compared the response of an intraosseous injection
      of hypertonic glucose with that of an intravenous injection of hypertonic
      glucose. Serum glucose measurements following the injection revealed both routes
      of administration to be effective. A dopamine infusion was then administered
      through the bone marrow for 20 minutes. A statistically significant rise in blood
      pressure was observed two minutes after initiation of the infusion. Intraosseous
      infusion of hypertonic glucose and dopamine is an effective route by which to
      administer these medications and is potentially useful in emergency situations in
      which intravascular access is delayed.

PMID- 3394675
TI  - In vitro effects of magnesium on ionized calcium concentration in serum.
AB  - Hypermagnesemic neonates, born to mothers receiving magnesium (Mg) sulfate before
      delivery, have elevated ionized calcium (iCa) concentrations in serum. We
      hypothesized that this elevation might be due in part to competition of Mg with
      calcium (Ca) bound to proteins or complexed to salts. Serum and its ultrafiltrate
      were obtained from five placental blood samples. The iCa concentration was
      measured in both serum and its ultrafiltrate at five incremental Mg
      concentrations (delta Mg) up to 6.58 mmol/L. In both serum and ultrafiltrate,
      incremental iCa (delta iCa) correlated significantly with delta Mg. By multiple
      regression analysis, delta ica in serum correlated positively with delta Mg in
      serum and negatively with albumin concentration in serum. Thus, iCa concentration
      in serum is increased in vitro by hypermagnesemia; it appears that Mg may compete
      with Ca bound to albumin and complexed to salts.

PMID- 3394681
TI  - Single- vs double-lumen central venous catheters in pediatric oncology patients.
AB  - Double-lumen central venous catheters (CVCs) have been introduced recently for
      use in pediatric patients. The objective of our study was to determine if double
      lumen CVC usage increased the possibility of infectious and mechanical
      complications compared with that of traditional single-lumen CVCs in a population
      at high risk for infection (oncology patients). Thirty pediatric patients (2.5 +/
      3.0 years old; mean +/- SD) who received single-lumen CVCs were compared with 31
      patients (5.9 +/- 4.7 years old) who received double-lumen CVCs. The incidence of
      infectious complications was compared while controlling for potential confounding
      variables. Fifty-seven percent (17/30) of patients in the single-lumen group
      experienced bacteremia or cellulitis that required removal of six catheters
      compared with a rate of 52% (16/31) and nine catheter removals in the double
      lumen group. Fewer manipulations occurred in the single-lumen group compared with
      the double-lumen group, but the incidence of mechanical complications tended to
      be greater. When managed carefully, double-lumen CVCs were not associated with a
      greater risk of infection than single-lumen CVCs.

PMID- 3394680
TI  - Radiological case of the month. Periappendicular abscess with intraperitoneal gas
      formation.

PMID- 3394679
TI  - Role of fibronectin in diagnosing bacterial infection in infancy.
AB  - Plasma fibronectin levels and complete blood cell counts were assessed
      prospectively among 100 infants less than 3 months of age with the provisional
      diagnosis of "possible sepsis". Seven of the ten infants with culture-proved
      bacteremia, meningitis, or urinary tract infection had low plasma fibronectin
      levels as did 12 (13%) of 90 infants with superficial or no documented bacterial
      infection. The positive predictive value of a low plasma fibronectin level in
      conjunction with leukocytosis and elevated band ratio for discriminating serious
      bacterial infection was 71%. Normal white blood cell counts or fibronectin level
      alone or in combination predicted the absence of serious bacterial infection with
      an accuracy of at least 94%. Plasma fibronectin determination provides a useful
      adjunct to the complete blood cell count for the rapid evaluation of extent of
      illness in young infants with possible sepsis.

PMID- 3394682
TI  - Hypoxia and hypercapnia in infants with mild laryngomalacia.
AB  - We evaluated 15 infants with laryngomalacia and 12 healthy infants to determine
      their risk of hypoxia and hypercapnia as complications of partial upper airway
      obstruction. Transcutaneous carbon dioxide pressure and oxygen pressure were
      recorded continuously overnight with episodes of hypercapnia and/or hypoxia
      scored for frequency, duration, and relationship to activity. Episodes occurred
      in 12 infants with laryngomalacia and eight control infants. Infants with
      laryngomalacia had significantly more episodes. The greatest decrease in
      transcutaneous oxygen pressure was 29 mm Hg and increase in transcutaneous carbon
      dioxide pressure was 31 mm Hg, both occurring in infants with laryngomalacia.
      Three infants had prolonged episodes of hypoxia and hypercapnia. History or
      physical examination did not distinguish those infants with laryngomalacia who
      had hypercapnia and/or hypoxia from those without episodes. Two- to 15-month
      follow-ups in 13 infants with laryngomalacia revealed that symptoms were
      unchanged or improved. Twelve of these 13 infants had normal growth without
      developmental delay or other complications. These results demonstrate that
      episodes of hypoxia and hypercapnia occur more frequently in infants with
      laryngomalacia than in control infants; however, their apparent risk for
      complications is low.

PMID- 3394683
TI  - Familial glucocorticoid deficiency in a girl with familial hypophosphatemic
      rickets.
AB  - Familial glucocorticoid deficiency is a rare multisystem disorder characterized
      by glucocorticoid deficiency with normal mineralocorticoid activity, achalasia of
      the cardia, and alacrima. Familial hypophosphatemic rickets is characterized by
      selective renal phosphate wasting with subsequent hypophosphatemia and an
      inappropriately low 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentration for the degree of
      hypophosphatemia. A 6-year-old girl with both disorders is described. A
      biochemical relationship between familial glucocorticoid deficiency and familial
      hypophosphatemic rickets could not be defined; the influence of cortisol on her
      serum calcium level, phosphorus level, and rickets, as well as the natural
      history of these two entities, is described.

PMID- 3394686
TI  - Colorectal cancer location and synchronous adenomas.
AB  - In this study, the relationship between the location of colorectal cancer and
      synchronous benign adenomas was assessed in 591 patients. Adenomas were found in
      29.7% of all patients. Patients with cancer of the cecum, ascending colon, and
      hepatic flexure had the highest percentage of benign adenomas. Patients with
      right-sided cancer had adenomas in 47% of resected specimens, which percentage
      was significantly higher than that in the group of patients with left-sided
      cancer, who had adenomas in 22% of their specimens (p less than 0.001). Patients
      with cancer and synchronous adenomas were also older (70.2 vs 67.8, p less than
      0.02) and more likely to be male (p less than 0.002) than patients with cancer
      and no adenomas. It is suggested that efforts be made to identify adenomas
      preoperatively in patients with colorectal cancer. In addition, since patients
      with cancer and associated adenomas are at increased risk of developing
      metachronous cancer, the group with right-sided cancer should be part of a
      particularly active surveillance program.

PMID- 3394684
TI  - Human electrogastrograms: comparison of techniques of recording.
AB  - There are different methods for recording physiologic electrical signals
      cutaneously. Monopolar recording has been used, by us and by others, to record
      the basic electrical rhythm of the stomach. In an effort to improve our ability
      to routinely obtain a recording of the basic electrical rhythm of the stomach,
      using cutaneous electrodes (electrogastrography), we have investigated different
      electrode recording techniques, and compared them with monopolar recording. We
      studied 10 healthy asymptomatic volunteers who were fasting, using each of the
      techniques while simultaneously monitoring a monopolar electrogastrogram. Three
      different recording techniques were studied: a Wilson central terminal, comparing
      alternative placements of the reference electrodes; a Wilson central terminal
      with a single placement of the reference electrodes, but alternative placements
      of the active exploratory electrode; and, last, a differential recording
      technique. We found all of the studied techniques to be superior to monopolar
      recording in the amount of time a recognizable three/min basic electrical rhythm
      could be recorded. However, the differential recording arrangement yielded an
      improvement in percent of recording time so significant that the
      electrogastrographic signal could be visually discerned to greater than 80%,
      compared with 37%, of the monopolar recording. Thus, the differential recording
      technique is far superior for recording the electrogastrogram.

PMID- 3394685
TI  - Studies of manometric abnormalities of the rectoanal region during defecation in
      constipated and soiling children: modification through biofeedback therapy.
AB  - Anorectal manometry was performed on 12 normal children and 18 patients suffering
      from constipation and soiling. In both groups, the results of the rectoanal
      inhibitory reflex and the squeezing anal pressure were similar. The pressure
      recording in all the normal children showed that the anal canal relaxed during
      defecation. Fourteen (78%) constipated children closed the anal canal while
      straining by contracting the anal sphincter. This paradoxical contraction appears
      to be the cause of chronic constipation. Twelve children with paradoxical anal
      closure were treated by biofeedback therapy. The results show that all these
      children were successfully conditioned to relax their anal sphincter during
      defecation. This therapy improved their bowel habits and relieved them from
      constipation and soiling. It is proposed that the paradoxical anal closure itself
      is the result of a self-conditioning process. In this process, the patient learns
      to paradoxically contract the external anal sphincter in response to the urge and
      the act of defecation. Biofeedback therapy seems to be the appropriate treatment
      in such cases.

PMID- 3394687
TI  - Hepatic circulation and hepatic oxygen consumption in alcoholic and nonalcoholic
      fatty liver.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in hepatic circulation
      and oxygen consumption in two groups: those with nonalcoholic obesity-related
      fatty live and those with alcoholic fatty liver. Although the histological degree
      of fatty infiltration was equal in the two groups, the delta Er569-650, as an
      index of the regional liver blood flow estimated by spectrophotometric method,
      was significantly lower in alcoholic fatty liver than in nonalcoholic fatty
      liver, and the in vivo hepatic oxygen consumption (VO2), also determined by
      hepatic reflectance spectrophotometry during peritoneoscopy, tended to be lower
      in alcoholic fatty liver than in nonalcoholic fatty liver. The oxygen saturation
      of hemoglobin in local liver blood (SO2) was, however, significantly higher in
      alcoholic fatty liver than in nonalcoholic fatty liver. These results suggest
      that an increase in oxygen extraction to maintain oxygen consumption, which was
      indicated by the lowering of the SO2, was not found in alcoholic fatty liver, in
      spite of a reduction of oxygen supply to the liver. It is concluded that the
      impairment of hepatic circulation and hepatic oxygen consumption was more serious
      in alcoholic fatty liver than in nonalcoholic fatty liver, possibly contributing
      to a different prognosis for the two forms of fatty liver.

PMID- 3394692
TI  - Combination of pirenzepine and cimetidine in the therapy of duodenal ulcer.

PMID- 3394690
TI  - A new technique for the management of vesicorectal fistulas.
AB  - We report a new technique for the management of the complications of vesicorectal
      fistulas. The patient we present had a fistula and severe skin excoriation. The
      fistula was caused by carcinoma of the prostate that had been treated by
      radiation therapy. The fistula was patched with a rectal prosthesis similar to
      that used to patch esophageal-tracheal and esophageal-bronchial fistulas.

PMID- 3394688
TI  - Systemic availability of propionate and acetate in liver cirrhosis.
AB  - In 15 patients with cirrhosis of the liver and 10 control subjects, 7.5 mmol
      sodium propionate and 7.5 mmol sodium acetate were instilled endoscopically into
      the duodenum. Venous concentrations of propionate and acetate were measured for
      90 min after administration of the enteral dose by gas-liquid chromatography. In
      patients with liver cirrhosis, propionate rose from a basal value of 6.1 +/- 4.7
      (SD) microM to a peak concentration of 50.1 +/- 25.6 microM, whereas, in
      controls, it rose only from 1.4 +/- 1.6 to 10.3 +/- 7.6 microM. The oral
      propionate clearance was significantly lower in patients with cirrhosis (4.51 +/-
      1.63 L/min) than in controls (118.47 +/- 154.79 L/min). Acetate went up from 39.5
      +/- 16.3 to 134.1 +/- 62.7 microM in patients with cirrhosis and from 60.9 +/-
      19.0 to 102.0 +/- 44.0 microM in controls. The oral acetate clearance was lower
      in patients with liver cirrhosis (2.80 +/- 2.17 L/min) than in control persons
      (10.86 +2- 5.72 L/min). The differences between the groups were more striking for
      propionate than for acetate values. It is concluded that the systemic
      availability of propionate and acetate is higher in patients with liver cirrhosis
      than in controls. This may be due to portosystemic shunting and/or diminished
      hepatic and extrahepatic extraction of the acids.

PMID- 3394693
TI  - Ornidazole in the treatment of active Crohn's disease.

PMID- 3394694
TI  - Enhancing creativity in epidemiology.

PMID- 3394691
TI  - Gross malabsorption of oral cyclosporin in panenteropathy.

PMID- 3394689
TI  - A giant tracheogastric tube fistula caused by a penetrated peptic ulcer after
      esophageal replacement.
AB  - Peptic ulcers may develop in pulled-up gastric tubes used for esophageal
      replacement and may cause serious complications, such as perforation and
      hemorrhage, although they occur only rarely. We report a case in which a giant
      tracheogastric tube fistula was formed by penetration of a peptic ulcer into the
      trachea after esophageal replacement for esophageal cancer. Another ulcer
      developed and bled in the proximal cervical gastric tubestomy after the gastric
      tube diversion. Disturbed blood circulation probably was an etiological factor.
      Two-stage management of the fistula was advocated to save the patient.

PMID- 3394695
TI  - Temporal trends in the incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and selected
      malignancies in a population with a high incidence of acquired immunodeficiency
      syndrome (AIDS)
AB  - Annual incidence rates for 1975-1985 were derived for Kaposi's sarcoma, non
      Hodgkin's lymphomas, and seven other malignancies. Never-married men in the San
      Francisco Bay area constituted the study population. The pattern of increase in
      incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma among men aged 25-44 years was similar to
      that seen for Kaposi's sarcoma; both increased significantly in San Francisco
      between 1980 and 1985 (p less than 0.001), with an increase among census tracts
      with high incidence of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) that was greater
      than the increase seen in other San Francisco census tracts. Among men in tracts
      with a high incidence of AIDS, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma reached an incidence in
      1985 that was five times greater than preepidemic rates. These increased rates
      support the conclusion of clinical studies that non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is an
      additional manifestation of AIDS. Similar increases in incidence rates were not
      observed for other malignancies, suggesting that reports of these malignancies in
      homosexuals may be isolated incidents. Whether rates of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
      will continue to increase and whether rates of other potentially AIDS-associated
      malignancies will increase in the future may depend on the latency of these
      malignancies and the survival period of AIDS patients.

PMID- 3394696
TI  - An epidemiologic study of effects of alcohol in the liver in hepatitis B surface
      antigen carriers.
AB  - A total of 932 hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers and 1,704 HBsAg
      negative inhabitants of the Yaeyama District of Okinawa, Japan, over age 20 years
      were investigated in 1982-1985 in order to elucidate whether an interaction
      between habitual alcohol intake and hepatitis B virus infection is capable of
      producing liver disease. All of the subjects were tested for biochemical liver
      functions and asked about their habitual intake of alcohol. HBsAg carriers were
      tested for hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and antibody to HBeAg. Subjects were
      ranked into three categories by alcohol consumption: nondrinkers, light drinkers
      (1-59 g/day), and heavy drinkers (greater than or equal to 60 g/day). The
      prevalence of liver abnormalities in HBsAg carriers increased with alcohol
      consumption. The prevalence differed significantly between nondrinkers and light
      drinkers in HBsAg carriers (p less than 0.001), but not in HBsAg-negative
      inhabitants. Prevalence also differed significantly between nondrinkers and heavy
      drinkers irrespective of HBsAg positivity (p less than 0.001). The highest
      prevalence of liver abnormalities was observed in HBeAg-positive heavy drinkers
      (53.8%). In conclusion, this study confirms that alcohol consumption intensifies
      the development of liver disease caused by hepatitis B virus. Therefore, the
      authors see a need to educate HBsAg carriers about the risks of consuming
      alcohol.

PMID- 3394697
TI  - Factors related to genital Chlamydia trachomatis and its diagnosis by culture in
      a sexually transmitted disease clinic.
AB  - The authors cultured 2,320 patients who attended the Denver Metro Health Clinic
      for Sexually Transmitted Diseases from September 1981 to June 1983 to determine
      clinical and epidemiologic factors associated with genital chlamydial infection.
      Among consecutive heterosexual men with urethral discharge, 226 of 849 (27%) had
      positive urethral cultures, with rates significantly lower among those with
      profuse (18%) or purulent (19%) discharges, and higher (37%) among those with
      symptoms for more than seven days. In a subgroup of men without gonococci, those
      who had polymorphonuclear leukocytes on smear had higher isolation rates (33%)
      than those who did not (3%). Among consecutive female patients, 172 of 1,031
      (17%) had positive cervical cultures, with rates significantly lower in those who
      were white (13%), married (7%), or using a diaphragm (0 of 77), and higher in
      those who were positive for Neisseria gonorrhoeae (38%). There was a marginally
      significant increased rate of chlamydial isolation among oral contraceptive users
      only for women aged 20 years or younger. Younger age was significantly associated
      with chlamydial isolation in both men and women after controlling for sexual
      activity and other factors. Various patient characteristics can be combined to
      define subgroups of men and women, with rates of isolation ranging from under 4%
      to over 60%. These results can be useful in deciding whom to test and whom to
      treat presumptively in a public health setting.

PMID- 3394698
TI  - Risk of contralateral breast cancer: associations with factors related to initial
      breast cancer.
AB  - A case-control study was conducted to assess the risk factors associated with the
      development of a contralateral primary breast cancer among women who had had a
      first primary breast cancer. Hospital records were reviewed for 292 women who had
      an incident contralateral breast cancer, diagnosed in one of eight Connecticut
      hospitals between July 1, 1975 and December 31, 1983, and for a comparison group
      of 264 surviving unilateral breast cancer patients previously diagnosed in the
      same hospitals. All subjects were identified through the records of the
      Connecticut Tumor Registry. A family history of breast cancer in any first- or
      second-degree relative was associated with an almost threefold increased risk of
      developing a contralateral cancer (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 2.8, 95% confidence
      interval (CI) = 1.6-4.9). Further, this relation was modified by the time elapsed
      since the initial cancer diagnosis (ratio of OR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.2-3.0 for a
      five-year differential in time since initial diagnosis). A delay of 10 years in
      first full-term pregnancy was associated with a 36% decrease in risk (adjusted OR
      = 0.6, 95% CI = 0.3-1.2); this estimate excluded the magnitude of increased risk
      usually observed in studies of initial breast cancer. A conceptual framework is
      presented for assessing the study findings in the context of previous studies
      that have examined the corresponding associations for initial primary breast
      cancers.

PMID- 3394699
TI  - Life-style risk factors for pancreatic cancer in Louisiana: a case-control study.
AB  - A hospital-based, incident case-control study of pancreatic cancer was conducted
      between 1979 and 1983 in parallel with similarly designed studies of lung and
      stomach cancers in high-risk areas of Louisiana. To evaluate life-style
      practices, including diet, the authors pooled controls from the three studies,
      and then excluded subjects with diet-altering chronic diseases. When the 363
      cases were compared with the 1,234 identified controls, significantly elevated
      risks were found among persons with Cajun ancestry, especially in rural areas.
      Among current smokers, a significant twofold risk was associated with moderate
      (16-25 cigarettes per day) and heavy (greater than or equal to 26 cigarettes per
      day) consumption, while ex-smokers showed no consistent pattern of risk. After
      adjustment for potential confounding by smoking, diet, and demographic factors,
      the risk of pancreatic cancer was unrelated to use of alcoholic beverages or
      coffee. Pork products and rice were conspicuous as dietary risk factors, each
      showing a positive dose-response effect, whereas fruit consumption exerted a
      protective influence.

PMID- 3394701
TI  - Serum copper and zinc and the risk of death from cancer and cardiovascular
      disease.
AB  - To investigate the association of serum copper and zinc with mortality from
      cancer and cardiovascular disease, the authors performed a case-control analysis
      of data obtained in a Dutch prospective follow-up study. Cancer (n = 64) and
      cardiovascular disease (n = 62) deaths and their matched controls were taken from
      a cohort of 10,532 persons examined in 1975-1978. Trace elements were measured in
      baseline serum samples, which had been stored during the six to nine years of
      follow-up. The adjusted risk of death from cancer and cardiovascular disease was
      about four times higher for subjects in the highest serum copper quintile
      (greater than 1.43 mg/liter) compared with those with normal levels. The excess
      mortality observed in subjects with low copper status suggests a U-shaped
      relation. No significant change in the risk of death from cancer and
      cardiovascular disease was found for subjects with low or high baseline levels of
      serum zinc. However, a protective effect of a high zinc status on the risk of
      cancer and cardiovascular disease is compatible with the data. For definitive
      conclusions, analysis of larger prospective data sets is recommended.

PMID- 3394700
TI  - Condyloma and intraepithelial neoplasia of the uterine cervix: a case-control
      study.
AB  - Cervical condyloma and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia are related to human
      papillomavirus infections, some of which may be involved in the etiology of
      cancer of the uterine cervix. This case-control study was designed to assess the
      relation of age at first sexual intercourse, number of sexual partners, and
      cigarette smoking to the risk of cervical condyloma and cervical intraepithelial
      neoplasia. Cases and controls were premenopausal women under age 50 years who had
      been referred for examination at the Colposcopy Clinic of Saint-Sacrement
      Hospital in Quebec from 1982 to 1985. These were 136 cases of histologically
      confirmed cervical condyloma and 247 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.
      The 137 controls were women without anogenital condyloma, dysplasia, or
      carcinoma. Information on personal characteristics and exposures of subjects was
      obtained by interview. Associations observed with age at first intercourse were
      different for condyloma and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Relative risk of
      condyloma varied little with age at first intercourse. In contrast, relative risk
      of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia increased as age at first intercourse
      decreased. For the two types of lesions, relative risk was elevated among women
      with more than one sexual partner and increased steadily with increasing number
      of cigarettes smoked per day. The association with cigarette smoking was,
      however, somewhat stronger for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

PMID- 3394703
TI  - Social connections and mortality from all causes and from cardiovascular disease:
      prospective evidence from eastern Finland.
AB  - The association between an a priori measure of social connections and five-year
      mortality from all causes, cardiovascular diseases (International Classification
      of Diseases, Eighth Revision (ICD-8) codes 390-458), and ischemic heart disease
      (ICD-8 codes 410-414) was studied in 13,301 men and women from eastern Finland
      who were first interviewed in 1972 or 1977. For men, there was a graded
      association between extent of social connections and mortality. In multivariate
      models with adjustment for age, smoking, serum cholesterol, mean weighted blood
      pressure, measures of prevalent illness, and other possible confounders, men who
      were in the two lowest quintiles of the social connections scale were at
      increased risk compared with those in the highest quintile (odds ratio (OR)all
      cause = 1.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.21-1.95; ORcardiovascular disease
      = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.11-2.13; ORischemic heart disease = 1.34, 95% CI = 0.94-1.90).
      No strong or consistent association was found for women. The association for men
      was modified by levels of blood pressure with the effect of low social
      connections greater at higher levels of blood pressure. In three separate
      analyses, there was no evidence for confounding or effect modification due to
      prevalent illness at baseline.

PMID- 3394702
TI  - Postural changes in blood pressure and pulse rate among black adolescents and
      white adolescents: the Minneapolis Children's Blood Pressure Study.
AB  - Because studies have suggested a possible relation between vascular
      responsiveness to postural changes and risk of subsequent myocardial infarction,
      the reactivity of blood pressure and pulse rate to change from supine to standing
      positions was examined in 158 black males, 144 black females, 342 white males,
      and 272 white females aged 14-16 years. The study was part of the Minneapolis
      Children's Blood Pressure Study and was conducted during October to December
      1985. Two blood pressure readings and one pulse reading were taken after five
      minutes of supine rest, immediately upon standing, and five minutes after
      standing. After adjustment for body mass index, mean systolic blood pressure
      decreased, and fourth- and fifth-phase diastolic blood pressures and pulse rate
      increased from supine to standing positions in all race and sex groups. Black
      males had significantly larger changes in systolic pressure than did white males
      (-5.9 vs. -4.1 mmHg), and males had significantly larger changes in fourth- and
      fifth-phase diastolic pressures compared with females of the same race (fourth
      phase diastolic pressure, 8.0 vs. 4.1 mmHg for blacks and 10.0 vs. 4.8 mmHg for
      whites). Fifth-phase diastolic pressure increased more than did fourth-phase
      diastolic pressure in all groups. No race or sex differences were seen for pulse
      changes. For all race-sex groups, decreases in systolic pressure were positively
      correlated with initial levels of supine systolic pressure, whereas increases in
      fourth- and fifth-phase diastolic pressures were negatively correlated with
      corresponding initial levels. Measurement of postural changes may provide a
      clinically simple and reproducible way of testing for abnormalities in blood
      pressure and may better discriminate those at high risk of hypertension and its
      cardiovascular complications than would the commonly used single-seated blood
      pressure measurement.

PMID- 3394704
TI  - Congenital heart disease: incidence in the first year of life. The Alberta
      Heritage Pediatric Cardiology Program.
AB  - The Heritage Pediatric Cardiology Program is a regional study of patients with
      congenital heart disease in northern and central Alberta, Canada. Cases of
      congenital heart disease were confirmed by clinical examination by a pediatric
      cardiologist plus echocardiography (noninvasive criteria) with or without cardiac
      catheterization, cardiac surgery, or autopsy (invasive criteria). From 1981 to
      1984 inclusive, 573 confirmed cases of congenital heart disease occurred in a
      population of 103,411 livebirths (5.54 and 3.36/1,000 livebirths using the
      noninvasive and the invasive criteria, respectively). This is significantly
      higher (p less than 0.0001) than the rates found in the Baltimore-Washington
      Infant Study (3.69 and 2.38/1,000 livebirths for the noninvasive and invasive
      methods, respectively) or the New England Regional Infant Cardiac Program
      (2.20/1,000 livebirths using invasive methods). Although some lesions occur at
      rates similar to those found in these other registries, there are 4.4 times more
      double outlet right ventricles and 2.9 times more atrial septal defects in
      northern and central Alberta than were found in the New England Regional Infant
      Cardiac Program (p less than 0.001). The overall congenital heart disease rate
      has increased 47% between 1981 and 1984, and the rate of ventricular septal
      defects has doubled during the same period in northern and central Alberta. No
      methodological bias was found to explain these higher and increasing rates.

PMID- 3394706
TI  - Reproductive outcomes of mothers with potential exposure to 2,3,7,8
      tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin.
AB  - Animal laboratory studies have demonstrated that 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p
      dioxin (TCDD) has fetotoxic and teratogenic effects at low doses. TCDD
      contamination of soil in nine residential areas of eastern Missouri began in 1971
      when several horse arenas and dirt roads were sprayed for dust control with a
      mixture that contained waste oil and dioxin. The authors conducted an
      epidemiologic investigation to determine if adverse human reproductive outcomes
      are associated with exposure to soil contaminated with dioxin. The authors
      attempted to identify all births during the period of January 1, 1972 through
      December 31, 1982 that had potential exposure to dioxin, based on proximity of
      the maternal address to a location of known TCDD contamination. This group
      totaled 410 births. A matched set of 820 unexposed births was selected as a
      comparison group after being matched for maternal age and race, year of birth,
      hospital of birth, and plurality. The exposed group had increased risk ratios for
      infant, fetal, and perinatal death; low birth weight; and several subcategories
      of birth defects. None of these increased risk ratios for the exposed group were
      statistically significant. These results do not provide evidence that TCDD
      exposure has a substantial impact on the reproductive outcomes investigated. If
      TCDD does produce effects on reproductive health, a larger study and/or better
      measures of exposure may be needed to discover them.

PMID- 3394707
TI  - An epidemiologic study of craniosynostosis: risk indicators for the occurrence of
      craniosynostosis in Colorado.
AB  - This population-based case-control study was designed to investigate risk
      indicators for the occurrence of the birth defect craniosynostosis in Colorado. A
      total of 173 children who underwent craniectomy for craniosynostosis and 759
      children without craniosynostosis were included in the study. Multivariable
      logistic regression analysis of birth certificate data showed that male sex (odds
      ratio (OR) = 1.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.1-2.2), maternal five-year age
      "increase" (OR = 1.3, 95% CI = 1.1-1.5), plural birth (OR = 3.0, 95% CI = 1.2
      7.1) and black maternal race (OR = 0.0, 95 per cent CI = 0.0-0.6) were
      independently associated with craniosynostosis. There was a weak positive
      association between craniosynostosis and the altitude of the town closest to the
      maternal residence, but no association was found with maternal education, marital
      status, number of previous births, or previous pregnancy termination. The
      association of craniosynostosis with plural birth is consistent with the
      hypothesis of fetal head constraint.

PMID- 3394705
TI  - Mortality among diabetics in a national sample.
AB  - The authors compare the mortality experience of a national sample of diabetic men
      and women with their nondiabetic counterparts. The study population consists of
      respondents from the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
      (NHANES I), conducted in 1971-1975, who were traced in 1982-1984 through the
      NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study. Over the nine-year follow-up period, the
      age-adjusted death rates for diabetic men and women were twice the rates for
      nondiabetics. About 75% of the excess mortality among diabetic men and 57% among
      diabetic women was attributable to cardiovascular disease deaths. After
      adjustment for age, systolic blood pressure, serum cholesterol, body mass index,
      and smoking, the relative risk of death was 2.3 for diabetic men and 2.0 for
      diabetic women. The relative risk for diabetics was highest for ischemic heart
      disease mortality (2.8 for men and 2.5 for women) and lowest for
      noncardiovascular disease deaths (1.4 for men and 1.1 for women). When subjects
      who reported having had a heart attack prior to the baseline examination were
      excluded, the relative risks for ischemic heart disease mortality among diabetics
      remained substantial (2.4 for men and 2.6 for women). There was little evidence
      that the relative risk of death for diabetics compared with nondiabetics differed
      by age or sex, although 95% confidence intervals around these estimates were
      wide.

PMID- 3394709
TI  - Re: "Age at onset of Alzheimer's disease: clue to the relative importance of
      etiologic factors?".

PMID- 3394708
TI  - Telecommunication and international health research.
AB  - Telecommunication will revolutionize how international medical research is
      completed. It is faster, more accurate, less expensive, and potentially more
      accessible than all other existing modes of communication. It is time for medical
      scientists to come into the age of electronic communication.

PMID- 3394711
TI  - Re: "Polychotomous logistic regression methods for matched case-control studies
      with multiple case or control groups".

PMID- 3394710
TI  - Re: "Inferences on odds ratios, relative risks, and risk differences based on
      standard regression programs".

PMID- 3394712
TI  - Plasma cell leukemia with IgA paraproteinemia and hyperviscosity.
AB  - Primary IgA plasma cell leukemia is a rare disorder in which hyperviscosity has
      not been reported. We studied a patient with plasma cell leukemia and IgA lambda
      monoclonal gammopathy with an elevated relative serum viscosity and congestive
      heart failure. Plasmapheresis and chemotherapy were successful in controlling
      symptoms. We discuss this unusual association and review the literature.

PMID- 3394714
TI  - Intravenous high dose methylprednisolone for thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.

PMID- 3394713
TI  - Fetal lamb coagulation system during normal birth.
AB  - The contribution of the birth process to the unique coagulation system in the
      young was investigated using the fetal lamb model. Specific components of the
      coagulation system were measured prior to and immediately following delivery of
      the lamb. The results show that the birth process itself does not contribute to
      the physiologically low levels of coagulation factors present in the newborn.

PMID- 3394715
TI  - Association of hematologic malignancies with hemoglobinopathies.

PMID- 3394716
TI  - Diagnosis of the carrier state in hemophilia.

PMID- 3394717
TI  - Cephalosporin-induced immune cytopenia in the dog: demonstration of erythrocyte-,
      neutrophil-, and platelet-associated IgG following treatment with cefazedone.
AB  - Cephalosporin treatment in man has been associated with a low incidence of
      hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and neutropenia; some cases have been shown
      to be immune-mediated. This triad of blood dyscrasias was also demonstrated in
      our laboratory in a series of toxicity studies in dogs of two cephalosporin
      compounds, cefonicid and cefazedone; these studies provided evidence for drug
      associated immune hemolytic anemia, based on conventional laboratory tests. To
      further investigate possible immune mechanisms of the cephalosporin-induced
      cytopenias, we measured erythrocyte-associated, platelet-associated (PAIgG), and
      serum antineutrophil IgG over the course of cephalosporin treatment, using highly
      sensitive 125I-staphylococcal protein A (SPA) assays, as well as the direct
      antiglobulin test; we compared these findings with the hematologic changes.
      Intravenous treatment with high doses of cefazedone (540 mg/kg/day, increased to
      a maximum of 840 mg/kg/day for 4 months or until hematologic effects were
      evident) resulted in a high incidence of anemia (7/14), thrombocytopenia (11/14),
      and neutropenia (7/14). Of the affected dogs examined, 6/7 with anemia, 9/9 with
      thrombocytopenia, and 7/7 with neutropenia showed increased levels of the
      respective cell-associated antibody, compared with untreated controls. Unaffected
      dosed animals generally did not show these changes. In 3/3 dogs examined
      following remission of thrombocytopenia, PAIgG returned to levels comparable with
      controls; as one of these dogs suffered a relapse, increased PAIgG was again
      observed. Animals sacrificed during cytopenic episodes showed cytologic and
      histologic evidence of increased hemophagocytosis. We conclude that antibody
      mediated blood cell destruction contributes to all three cephalosporin-induced
      cytopenias in the dog.

PMID- 3394720
TI  - Lack of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus in chronic hemodialysis
      patients.
AB  - We carried out a prospective 2-year study on the transmission of human
      immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in a chronic dialysis unit with a high
      prevalence (11%) of the infection. Only 1 of 45 HIV-negative patients
      seroconverted, and this was related to the administration of contaminated blood.
      We conclude that current Centers for Disease Control criteria are sufficient to
      prevent transmission of HIV infection in dialysis units.

PMID- 3394718
TI  - Delayed hypertension after blunt renal trauma.
AB  - Severe hypertension developed in 4 patients who had sustained blunt renal trauma
      2-32 years previously. A protracted period of normal blood pressure separated the
      renal injury from the onset of hypertension. Angiography disclosed lesions which
      had been underestimated by intravenous pyelography. These lesions consisted of
      traumatic dissection of branches of the renal artery, leading to renal infarct.
      In 3 cases, unilateral high renin secretion was demonstrated, and in 1 case this
      was confirmed by immunofluorescence with an anti-renin antiserum which showed
      abundant renin granules within the infarcted zone. In all patients, total or
      polar nephrectomy was followed by return of blood pressure to normal or near
      normal levels. Blunt renal trauma is an underestimated cause of renovascular
      hypertension.

PMID- 3394719
TI  - Transmission and scanning electron microscopy investigations on the structure of
      the ultrafilter of glomeruli in human acute renal failure.
AB  - In 4 cases of human acute renal failure (ARF) with oligo-anuria, normuria and
      polyuria the following findings were made. (1) The diameter of endothelial cell
      fenestrae is on average larger than that of the control values, but not
      significantly. (2) In ARF the ratio of the endothelial cell fenestral area to the
      total endothelial area is not significantly lower than in control kidneys. (3) In
      ARF the average density of fenestrae per unit of area is not significantly lower
      than in control kidneys. (4) The structure of the podocytes does not differ from
      that of control kidneys.

PMID- 3394721
TI  - Hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism in diabetic patients with chronic renal failure.
AB  - Plasma renin activity, plasma aldosterone levels and renal tubular capacity to
      excrete hydrogen ions were studied in 13 patients suffering from diabetes
      mellitus with a creatinine clearance of less than 40 ml/min. The results were
      compared with those obtained in a control group, in a group of nondiabetic
      subjects with chronic renal failure (CRF) and in a group of diabetic patients
      without CRF. Twelve of the thirteen diabetic patients with CRF had data
      characteristic of hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism associated with type IV renal
      tubular acidosis. On comparing the results with those of the other two groups of
      patients, it was observed that the manifestations of the latter two groups
      considered separately were different from those of the problem group, although in
      the diabetic patients with normal glomerular filtration rate (GFR) hyporeninism
      but not hypoaldosteronism was present accompanied by a lower net acid excretion
      (p less than 0.001) due to a lower excretion of NH4 (p less than 0.05) and
      titratable acid (p less than 0.001) when the patients were challenged with an
      NH4Cl overload. We believe that a conjunction of diabetes and renal failure is
      necessary for the diabetic patients with a decrease in GFR to show hyporeninemic
      hypoaldosteronism and type IV tubular acidosis.

PMID- 3394724
TI  - The approach to the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in early renal
      failure.

PMID- 3394722
TI  - Sclerosing peritonitis. Possible early diagnosis by computerized tomography of
      the abdomen.
AB  - Sclerosing peritonitis (SP) has come to be recognized as a serious complication
      of peritoneal dialysis (PD). However, diagnosis is often established at a late
      stage of the disease and at laparotomy. The use of computerized tomography (CT)
      of the abdomen in 2 patients, clinically suspected of suffering from SP, revealed
      loculated ascites, adherent bowel loops, bowel lumenal narrowing, and thickening
      of the peritoneal membrane. Such radiological changes in patients on PD seem
      highly consistent with a diagnosis of SP. We feel that CT of the abdomen may help
      in attaining an early, correct, and noninvasive diagnosis of SP. We recommend
      that CT of the abdomen be performed in any patient on chronic PD who has clinical
      manifestations suggestive of SP. Early diagnosis of SP can lead to early
      cessation of PD and hopeful recovery of the peritoneal membranes and space.

PMID- 3394723
TI  - Hyperparathyroidism and hypotestosteronemia of acute renal failure.
AB  - Acute and chronic renal failure are associated with a marked reduction in the
      serum levels of testosterone. The mechanisms underlying this abnormality are
      unknown. Certain data have implicated the high blood levels of parathyroid
      hormone (PTH) of uremia in the genesis of the hypotestosteronemia. The effects of
      3 days of acute uremia in dogs with intact parathyroid glands and in
      thyroparathyroidectomized animals on serum testosterone levels and on the calcium
      content of the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and the testes were examined.
      Similar studies were performed in normal dogs treated with parathyroid extract
      for 3 days. The serum levels of testosterone were significantly (p less than
      0.01) reduced, and the calcium levels of hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and
      testes were significantly (p less than 0.01) increased in the acutely uremic dogs
      with intact parathyroid glands and in the normal dogs treated with parathyroid
      extract. Prior parathyroidectomy in the acutely uremic dogs prevented these
      abnormalities. The results of our study assign an important role for the excess
      blood levels of PTH in uremia in the genesis of the hypotestosteronemia. The data
      suggest that the effect of excess PTH on serum testosterone levels may be
      mediated through the accumulation of calcium in the organs which participate in
      synthesis and/or release of testosterone.

PMID- 3394725
TI  - The importance of sample size in the interpretation of the renal biopsy.
AB  - The number of abnormal glomeruli present in a renal biopsy can be viewed as a
      binomial distribution. Recognition of this fact permits a quantitative assessment
      of the effect of biopsy sample size in renal biopsy interpretation. If the
      percent of glomerular involvement in a biopsy is used to determine the severity
      of a focal glomerular lesion, a small biopsy sample size will lead to
      considerable misclassification of disease severity. In addition, a small biopsy
      sample size will make the exclusion of focal disease difficult.

PMID- 3394728
TI  - Association of maternal hematocrit with premature labor.
AB  - An examination of the association of maternal hematocrit with the occurrence of
      premature birth revealed a continuous relationship between these two factors with
      an increasing rate of prematurity occurring with decreasing maternal hematocrit.
      The lowest risk of premature birth was found when maternal hematocrit was between
      41% and 44%. Statistically increases in prematurity were noted at all hematocrit
      levels of less than or equal to 38%. A woman with a hematocrit of 37% had twice
      the risk of having a premature birth as a woman whose hematocrit was between 41%
      and 44% (p less than 0.01). In a logistic regression analysis with premature
      birth as the dependent variable and hematocrit as the only predictor variable, it
      was noted that decreasing the hematocrit by a single point was associated with a
      24% increase in the risk of prematurity (odds ratio = 1.24) while a five-point
      decrease in hematocrit was associated with a tripling in the risk of prematurity
      (odds ratio = 2.98). In a multivariable logistic regression analysis hematocrit
      was noted to explain more of the variation in prematurity than any of the other
      risk factors included in the model. An investigation of this association in
      specific groups at high risk of having premature births revealed that 46% of the
      increased risk of prematurity in black women and 49% of the increased risk of
      prematurity in women receiving welfare was related to hematocrit or some factor
      associated with hematocrit.

PMID- 3394726
TI  - Suprofen-induced uricosuria. A potential mechanism for acute nephropathy and
      flank pain.
AB  - Suprofen, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, has been associated with the
      onset of acute flank pain, hematuria, and transient renal dysfunction after the
      ingestion of one or two doses, particularly in young males. Potential mechanisms
      of this nephropathy were evaluated in normal males following ingestion of
      suprofen (200 mg) on two occasions: the first with ad libitum fluid intake and
      the second during forced water diuresis. On the first study occasion, creatinine
      clearance, the fractional excretions of uric acid (FEUA) and sodium (FENa), the
      urinary concentration of undissociated uric acid, and the urinary excretions of
      prostaglandins and glomerular and tubular proteins were assessed. On the second
      occasion, inulin and PAH clearances and FEUA and FENa were determined. Within 90
      min after suprofen administration, the FEUA increased from 8.8 +/- 2.6 to 35.5 +/
      9.6% (p less than 0.05). Urine became supersaturated for uric acid during ad
      libitum fluid intake. Glomerular filtration rate, renal plasma flow, and FENa
      decreased significantly, while prostaglandin and protein excretions did not
      change. The findings are consistent with acute uric acid nephropathy as a
      mechanism of suprofen-induced renal dysfunction.

PMID- 3394727
TI  - Proximal tubular function and hyperfiltration during amino acid infusion in man.
AB  - The relations between renal hemodynamics (Inutest, CPAH) and sodium segmental
      handling (sodium distal delivery, distal reabsorption, and fractional excretion)
      were studied in 9 healthy adults infused with an isotonic amino acid solution and
      in 6 subjects infused with 0.9% saline for 3 h at 0.2 ml/min/kg. During all tests
      maximal water diuresis was induced and maintained to effect analysis of sodium
      segmental transport. Both types of infusion produced a similar expansion of
      extracellular volume (weight increase, hematocrit fall, suppressed plasma renin
      activity and plasma aldosterone). The amino acid infusion increased the
      glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal blood flow without modifying the
      filtration fraction. With saline no hemodynamic modifications were observed. The
      expansion with saline depressed proximal and distal sodium reabsorption whereas
      during amino acid infusion sodium distal delivery was unaltered and the
      significantly increased sodium fractional excretion was sustained only by
      depressed distal reabsorption. Therefore, in parallel with the GFR increase,
      closely dependent on renal vasodilatation, the well-known stimulation of sodium
      cotransport by amino acids is able to antagonize the effects of expansion on the
      proximal sodium reabsorption. An explanation of glomerular hyperfiltration based
      on a primary metabolic stimulation of the proximal tubular function is suggested.

PMID- 3394730
TI  - Intraamniotic infection with Candida albicans associated with a retained
      intrauterine contraceptive device: a case report.
AB  - Intrauterine infection with Candida albicans is a rare occurrence in pregnancy.
      We report the association of an intrauterine contraceptive device with such an
      infection in an asymptomatic patient. This infection, discovered incidentally at
      the time of genetic amniocentesis for advanced maternal age, resulted in a
      spontaneous abortion at 18 weeks' gestation.

PMID- 3394731
TI  - Primary thrombocythemia in pregnancy: a report of two cases.
AB  - We report two cases of primary thrombocythemia diagnosed during pregnancy. One
      patient developed transient visual field defects. She was treated with
      plateletpheresis at term and delivered of a normal child by cesarean section. The
      second patient was not treated. Intrauterine fetal death occurred at 36 weeks'
      gestation from multiple placental infarcts. In cases of primary thrombocythemia,
      we suggest close monitoring of both mother and fetus throughout pregnancy.

PMID- 3394732
TI  - Fetal echocardiography. VIII. Aortic root dilatation--a marker for tetralogy of
      Fallot.
AB  - Tetralogy of Fallot has increased in incidence during the past decade. Although
      abnormalities of the four-chamber screening examination of the fetal heart
      identifies structural anomalies associated with semilunar and atrioventricular
      valve hypoplasias, the anomalies associated with tetralogy of Fallot are not as
      readily identifiable from the four-chamber view alone. This study was designed to
      determine whether aortic root dilatation, commonly observed in the newborn with
      tetralogy of Fallot, is a marker for tetralogy of Fallot diagnosed in utero. In
      45 normal (control) fetuses the biparietal diameter, head circumference,
      abdominal circumference, and femur length were measured and M-mode measurements
      were made of the biventricular outer dimension and aortic root dimension. The
      aortic root dimension from seven fetuses (18, 19, 20, 23, 32, 33, and 34 weeks'
      gestation) with tetralogy of Fallot was increased in dimension when compared with
      cardiac (biventricular outer dimension) and noncardiac biparietal diameter, head
      and abdomen circumferences, and femur length parameters. In conclusion,
      incorporation of aortic root imaging with the four-chamber view of the fetal
      heart during a routine screening examination allows for identification of fetuses
      with tetralogy of Fallot.

PMID- 3394729
TI  - Leukocyte esterase: a simple bedside test for the detection of bacterial
      colonization of amniotic fluid.
AB  - Chorioamnionitis is a major cause of neonatal mortality, neonatal morbidity, and
      maternal morbidity. Clinical signs of acute chorioamnionitis occur relatively
      late, and laboratory tests for acute chorioamnionitis lack the desired
      sensitivity and specificity. Early antibiotic treatment may have important
      neonatal implications. The leukocyte esterase test is both rapid and simple.
      Because of the specificity (100%) and sensitivity (81%) of the test in predicting
      bacterial colonization of the amniotic fluid, we conclude that it has the
      potential to become an invaluable tool in assessing the intrauterine environment.

PMID- 3394734
TI  - The diagnostic value of history, physical examination, and the Q-tip cotton swab
      test in women with urinary incontinence.
AB  - One hundred six consecutive women who came to our clinic complaining of urinary
      incontinence underwent complete urodynamic evaluation. Urologic questions, pelvic
      examination findings, and the Q-tip cotton swab test results were examined to
      determine their ability to predict genuine stress incontinence (N = 59) versus
      other urologic disorders (N = 47). The symptom of stress incontinence, moderate
      to severe cystocele, and Q-tip cotton swab test result greater than or equal to
      30 degrees were more common in women with genuine stress incontinence. Of the
      other urologic symptoms, only sensory urgency and enuresis were significantly
      associated with overactive detrusor function and voiding disorders. The combined
      findings of stress incontinence, cystocele, and no sensory urgency correctly
      identified 22% of women with genuine stress incontinence and eliminated 96% of
      women with other urologic disorders. Stress incontinence, moderate to severe
      cystocele, and no sensory urgency had a positive predictive value of 100%, but a
      sensitivity of only 10%. When used in series, the Q-tip cotton swab test
      contributed no additional information to that found by history taking and
      physical examination.

PMID- 3394733
TI  - The clinical and urodynamic effects of anterior vaginal repair and Burch
      colposuspension.
AB  - The clinical and urodynamic effects of anterior vaginal repair and Burch
      colposuspension for correction of stress urinary incontinence were assessed in a
      prospective study. Ninety women undergoing surgery for the first time because of
      genuine stress incontinence were studied. A full clinical examination including
      simultaneous urethrocystometry according to a standardized methodology with the
      patients in the supine, sitting, and standing positions was performed
      preoperatively, 3 months postoperatively, and again 1 to 2 years later. Clinical
      follow-up continued for 5 to 7 years. Neither surgical anterior vaginal repair
      nor Burch colposuspension affected the resting variables of the urethral
      sphincter mechanism. After Burch colposuspension the transmitted intraabdominal
      pressure to the urethra significantly increased in all recording positions in all
      women who were successfully treated. After successful anterior colporrhaphy, the
      increase in pressure transmission from the abdomen to the urethra was less
      prominent and was only present in the sitting and standing positions. The
      postural changes in the urethral pressure profile characteristic of stress
      urinary incontinence were still present even after successful restoration of
      continence. The impact of successful surgery for stress incontinence is the
      enhancement of transmission of the intraabdominal pressure rise to the proximal
      urethra. This is achieved primarily by anatomic alterations rather than by
      altering urethral sphincter function. Burch colposuspension was more effective
      for the correction of genuine stress incontinence than was anterior vaginal
      repair.

PMID- 3394735
TI  - Diagnosis of a viable abdominal pregnancy by magnetic resonance imaging.
AB  - Abdominal pregnancy is an uncommon occurrence, and diagnosis by conventional
      means is often difficult. A case is presented in which a 29-week viable abdominal
      pregnancy was diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging.

PMID- 3394737
TI  - Remote prognosis of preeclampsia in women 25 years old and younger.
AB  - Twenty-six primiparous women less than or equal to 25 years old who delivered
      between 1963 and 1978 and met the following criteria were studied: (1) The first
      obstetric visit was at less than or equal to 30 weeks' gestation with diastolic
      blood pressure less than or equal to 85 mm Hg; (2) diastolic blood pressure
      before delivery was greater than or equal to 95-mm Hg, rising at least 15 mm Hg;
      (3) 24-hour urine protein measured at least 1.0 gm; and (4) patients were
      enrolled in the Kaiser Health Plan in 1982. Each of the 26 patients was paired
      with a primiparous woman by year delivered, age, race (black versus nonblack),
      and weight +/- 1/3. In 23 pairs blood pressure follow-up was available in 1980 or
      thereafter, which was at least 3 1/2 years after delivery (average interval
      between delivery and follow-up = 10 years). Three in the preeclampsia group and
      two in the matched control group had hypertension, with diastolic blood pressure
      greater than or equal to 90 mm Hg. Mean systolic blood pressure (123.7 mm Hg) was
      9.3 mm Hg higher in the preeclampsia group than in the matched controls (114.4 mm
      Hg), with a standard error of 4.15 mm Hg (p = 0.04). Mean diastolic blood
      pressure (77.0 mm Hg) was 2.9 mm Hg higher in the preeclampsia group than in the
      controls (74.1 mm Hg), with a standard error of 3.0 mm Hg (p = 0.345). We
      conclude that no significant difference in frequency of hypertension or diastolic
      blood pressure and a small but significant difference in systolic blood pressure
      is shown in follow-up between patients with preeclampsia and matched controls.

PMID- 3394736
TI  - Dragging technique versus blanching technique for endometrial ablation with the
      Nd:YAG laser in the treatment of chronic menorrhagia.
AB  - Endometrial ablation performed with the Nd:YAG laser was developed to treat
      patients with chronic menorrhagia as an alternative to hysterectomy. The original
      dragging technique may result in an obscured operating field and fluid overload.
      This study compares results of endometrial ablation performed in 62 patients. The
      first 17 procedures were performed by use of the dragging technique; the last 45
      procedures were performed with a blanching technique. Both procedures were
      performed at the same institution and by the same surgeon. Sixty-five percent of
      patients undergoing the blanching technique became amenorrheic after the
      procedure versus 12% of those undergoing the dragging technique. Moreover, the
      blanching technique required less time, fewer joules of energy, and resulted in
      less fluid absorption by the patient. The blanching technique is apparently more
      effective, easier to accomplish, and safer for the patient than the dragging
      technique.

PMID- 3394738
TI  - Anesthesia-related maternal mortality in Michigan, 1972 to 1984.
AB  - We reviewed maternal deaths in the state of Michigan occurring from 1972 through
      1984. There were 15 maternal deaths in which anesthesia was considered the
      primary cause and 4 deaths in which anesthesia was a contributory factor.
      Complications of regional anesthesia were the main cause of death during the
      early part of the period, whereas the inability to accomplish endotracheal
      intubation emerged as the principal cause of death in recent years. Eleven of the
      15 patients had undergone cesarean section. Obesity was a risk factor in 12
      patients, in an equal number of patients the risk factor was the emergent nature
      of the operation, and hypertensive disease was a risk factor in eight. Thirteen
      of the 15 deaths occurred in black patients.

PMID- 3394739
TI  - The value of serum antimicrosomal antibody testing in screening for symptomatic
      postpartum thyroid dysfunction.
AB  - We investigated the value of a screening program for postpartum thyroiditis in a
      heterogeneous American population and used serum antithyroid antibodies to
      identify postpartum women at risk. Blood was drawn from 1034 consecutive women on
      their second postpartum day and tested for antimicrosomal and antithyroglobulin
      antibodies by hemagglutination. Seventy-two women (7.0%) were seropositive for
      antimicrosomal antibodies, but only seven (0.7%) had antithyroglobulin
      antibodies. There was a significant difference in the racial prevalence of
      antimicrosomal antibodies, with seropositivity in 52 of 588 white women (8.8%)
      versus nine of 367 black women (2.5%; p less than 0.001). Thirty-four of 51 (67%)
      antimicrosomal seropositive women followed at least 6 months post partum
      developed biochemical thyroid dysfunction and 20 of these patients required
      treatment for hypothyroidism. The mean (+/- SEM) serum thyroxine and thyrotropin
      levels in these patients before treatment were 3.0 +/- 0.3 micrograms/dl (normal
      6.1 to 12.3 micrograms/dl) and 77 +/- 17 mU/L (normal 0.3 to 4.0 mU/L),
      respectively. Psychologic interviews revealed a significant increase in impaired
      concentration, carelessness, depression, and total complaints when patients with
      postpartum hypothyroidism were compared with postpartum euthyroid women. Medical
      evidence now suggests that postpartum thyroiditis is a common event and causes
      significant symptoms in women who develop hypothyroidism. Therefore, we propose
      that serum antimicrosomal antibody testing of postpartum women provides a
      feasible cost-effective screening method of identifying women likely to suffer
      from this disease.

PMID- 3394740
TI  - Intrauterine noise levels produced in pregnant ewes by sound applied to the
      abdomen.
AB  - Sound pressure in amniotic fluid was created by application of either an
      electronic artificial larynx or a standard audiometric earphone to the abdominal
      surface of pregnant ewes. Sound transmission was assessed with a hydrophone
      placed near the ear of the fetus within the intact amnion. Sound pressures
      produced by the electronic artificial larynx located directly over the hydrophone
      averaged 134.9 dB, whereas the highest sound pressure produced by a similarly
      placed earphone was 95.2 dB. Sound transmission decreased dramatically with
      increasing distance between the sound source and the hydrophone; this may account
      for some of the variability in fetal response when the sound test is used
      clinically. Caution is recommended in administering the sound test until the
      effects of high noise levels on the fetus are better understood.

PMID- 3394741
TI  - Betamethasone effects on steroid and prostaglandin concentrations in pregnant
      rhesus monkeys.
AB  - Glucocorticoids delay parturition in rhesus monkeys, but the mechanism is
      unknown. This study was designed to determine the relationship between
      administration of glucocorticoids and prostaglandin levels in late pregnancy.
      Pregnant rhesus monkeys received intramuscular betamethasone (2 mg/day) from day
      120 to day 133 of pregnancy. 13,14-Dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F2 alpha,
      progesterone, estradiol, estrone, and cortisol in amniotic fluid were measured by
      radioimmunoassay, and progesterone and estradiol were measured in the maternal
      serum. Among control animals, between 133 days and 160 days there were
      significant increases in adrenal size (p less than 0.05) and in amniotic fluid
      13,14-Dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F2a metabolite, (p less than 0.005), estrone,
      and progesterone concentrations (p less than 0.05). The increase in adrenal size
      and the rise in amniotic fluid 13,14-Dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F2a
      metabolite, did not occur in betamethasone-treated monkeys. Maternal serum
      estradiol levels were suppressed immediately after treatment with betamethasone
      but recovered to control levels by day 160. Other changes in maternal serum and
      amniotic fluid sex steroid levels were sought but not observed. These data are
      consistent with the hypothesis that glucocorticoids delay primate parturition by
      altering intrauterine prostaglandin F2 alpha metabolism.

PMID- 3394742
TI  - Transplacental passage of a progesterone antagonist in monkeys.
AB  - The progesterone antagonist RU 486 dramatically increases myometrial
      contractility of the pregnant uterus, making it a potential adjunctive therapy
      for labor induction or therapeutic pregnancy termination. Sixteen female
      cynomolgus monkeys were studied during the second or third trimester of
      pregnancy. Hysterotomies were performed with the animals under anesthesia,
      providing access to the intact placental vasculature. RU 486 (25 mg) was injected
      intravenously into the mothers. Serial blood samples were drawn from the maternal
      and fetal-placental compartments for a period of 2 hours. RU 486 achieved a
      gradient equilibrium between the maternal and fetal-placental circulation within
      5 minutes, suggesting free passage by simple diffusion. The clearance kinetics of
      immunoreactive RU 486 are consistent with an open three-compartment system in
      mother and fetus. The fetal-placental index decreased from 31.2% to 17.8% between
      the second and the third trimester of pregnancy. There was no acute toxicity of
      the RU 486 noticed during the experimental course.

PMID- 3394744
TI  - Mucometra: a rare complication of cryosurgery.
AB  - In a series of 400 patients treated for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, 3
      developed a clinical picture 6 days after the procedure that consisted of lower
      abdominal pain and uterine cramps. Examination revealed a closed os; on probing
      of the cervix, a large amount of mucus (approximately 60 ml) under tension was
      drained, after which there was almost immediate relief of the symptoms.

PMID- 3394743
TI  - Mechanisms for attenuated pressor responses to alpha-agonists in ovine pregnancy.
AB  - Attenuated pressor responses to angiotensin II and alpha-agonists normally occur
      during ovine pregnancy; however, for alpha-agonists it is not known to what
      extent this reflects alterations in cardiac output. We therefore compared
      peripheral and cardiac responses to alpha-agonists in pregnant (n = 6) and
      nonpregnant (n = 6) sheep, measuring mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and
      cardiac output before and during steady-state dose responses to norepinephrine
      (0.458 to 45.84 micrograms/min) and phenylephrine (1.29 to 129 micrograms/min).
      Both alpha-agonists caused dose-dependent increases in mean arterial pressure and
      systemic vascular resistance, more so in nonpregnant than pregnant sheep (p less
      than 0.01), and decreases in cardiac output and heart rate (p less than 0.01). In
      both nonpregnant and pregnant sheep the percent change in systemic vascular
      resistance generally exceeded the percent change in mean arterial pressure,
      reflecting decreases in cardiac output; however, at equivalent increases in
      percent change in mean arterial pressure and percent change in systemic vascular
      resistance, the fall in the percent change in cardiac output was greatest in
      pregnant sheep (p less than 0.05). Also, at similar increases in mean arterial
      pressure the percent change in heart rate was greatest in pregnant sheep (p less
      than 0.01). In contrast to angiotensin II, the attenuated pressor responses to
      alpha-agonists observed during ovine pregnancy are partly a result of reflex
      decreases in cardiac output mediated mainly through falls in heart rate.

PMID- 3394745
TI  - Cookbook obstetrics.

PMID- 3394746
TI  - Necrotizing fasciitis.

PMID- 3394747
TI  - Prediction of cardiovascular parameters with phonocardiographic recordings.

PMID- 3394748
TI  - Mechanism of oligohydramnios.

PMID- 3394749
TI  - Effects of clomiphene citrate on endometrial female sex steroid receptor
      kinetics.

PMID- 3394750
TI  - Recurrent vaginitis as a result of sexual transmission of IgE antibodies.
AB  - The role of the man in the etiology of recurrent vaginitis was examined in three
      women who reported an association between coitus and the initiation of clinical
      symptoms. The patients' disorders consisted of vaginal pruritus, burning, a white
      discharge, and painful coitus. Vaginal pH in each case was 4.5. Microscopic
      examination of wet mounts of vaginal secretion had no clue cells and no organisms
      other than lactobacillus. One culture was positive for Candida albicans; however,
      successful treatment of the C. albicans vaginitis did not eliminate the patient's
      symptoms. Semen samples from the patients' partners were negative for C.
      albicans. One of the seminal fluids had highly elevated concentrations of total
      IgE. The other two semen samples contained IgE antibodies that were reactive with
      a particulate fraction of vaginal fluids obtained from their wives. In contrast,
      vaginal fluids from the patients were all negative for IgE antibodies to their
      partner's semen. Use of a condom during coitus ended the recurring cycles of
      vaginitis in all three women. Vaginitis may be induced by an allergic reaction
      initiated by the transfer from men to women during coitus of IgE antibodies
      reactive either to antigens of the female genital tract or components of semen.
      Men allergic to female vaginal secretions, to vaginal microbes or their products,
      or to semen represent a previously unrecognized noninfectious vector for this
      disorder.

PMID- 3394752
TI  - The clinical significance of hemorrhagic endovasculitis of the placenta.
AB  - Hemorrhagic endovasculitis of the placenta has been reported to correlate with
      intrauterine growth retardation, perinatal morbidity and mortality, and long-term
      developmental delay. At a regional obstetric hospital we identified 13 cases of
      hemorrhagic endovasculitis among 1938 placentas from singleton pregnancies of
      greater than or equal to 20 weeks' gestation over a 3-month period, an incidence
      of 0.67% of unselected pregnancies. All cases were live-births without
      intrauterine growth retardation. Associated clinical features were pregnancy
      induced hypertension, nuchal cord at delivery, and postterm gestation. One infant
      had severe perinatal asphyxia with long-term psychomotor retardation. In the
      placenta, hemorrhagic endovasculitis was associated with infarction, fetal vessel
      thrombosis, and villitis of unknown cause. Interference with umbilical blood flow
      or regional compromise of villous perfusion may be an initiating event in the
      development of this lesion.

PMID- 3394751
TI  - Physiology and management of intrauterine growth retardation: a biologic approach
      with fetal blood sampling.
AB  - Intrauterine growth retardation is a major contributor to perinatal mortality and
      morbidity. The most important obstetric problem is to determine which fetuses are
      well in utero and which are at risk of irreversible damage or severe and
      prolonged neonatal morbidity. The optimal timing of delivery is at present made
      by subjective assessment of clinical variables. We present hematologic and
      biochemical values obtained by fetal blood sampling of 24 idiopathic fetuses with
      intrauterine growth retardation to give objective information on which to base
      clinical management. The results show that there is stimulation of erythropoiesis
      as well as evidence of red blood cell destruction and liver damage. In many cases
      there is acute decompensation with acid base abnormalities in a setting of
      chronic hematologic and biochemical changes.

PMID- 3394753
TI  - Conservative therapy for melanoma of the vulva.
AB  - Recent cooperative studies have demonstrated that less radical local resection of
      cutaneous melanomas is equally effective as a traditional radical approach. A
      retrospective review of vulvar melanoma was undertaken to determine if mode of
      therapy affected recurrence. Survival correlated independently with depth of
      invasion and age (p = 0.05 and p less than 0.02, respectively). In the comparison
      of radical vulvectomy with local excision, no patient differences in age or
      histopathologic variables were determined (nodal disease status, histology,
      mitotic count, lymphocytic infiltration, or ulceration). Radical vulvectomy did
      not improve survival over local therapy (p greater than 0.2). Six of eight
      patients whose melanoma had less than 2 mm of invasion treated with local therapy
      are disease free after a median of 127 months (range 6 to 300 months). For local
      excision, recurrences were more frequent when margins were less than 2 cm, but
      this was not statistically significant in this small sample. Although the current
      series is small and retrospective, its findings suggest that treatment
      recommendations of large cutaneous nonvulvar melanoma studies are applicable to
      vulvar melanoma. A prospective randomized study of radical versus conservative
      surgery for vulvar melanoma will be necessary to confirm these treatment
      recommendations.

PMID- 3394754
TI  - Diabetic nephropathy: pregnancy performance and fetomaternal outcome.
AB  - A study of 31 continuing pregnancies complicated by diabetic nephropathy was
      conducted to determine the effects of diabetes-associated renal disease on
      maternal health and fetal outcome. Throughout pregnancy there was a significant
      increase in maternal blood pressure (p less than 0.001) and proteinuria (p less
      than 0.0001), with nephrotic syndrome (greater than 3.0 gm protein/day)
      developing in 71% of pregnancies. After birth, however, proteinuria reverted to
      levels not significantly different from values in early pregnancy. There was no
      apparent adverse effect of pregnancy on the natural course of the underlying
      renal disease. Stillbirths occurred in two patients (6%), and the remaining 29
      pregnancies resulted in live-births at a mean gestational age of 36 weeks.
      Seventy percent of these infants were appropriate for gestational age, whereas
      16% were small and 13% were large for gestational age. Birth weight was best
      correlated with gestational age and creatinine clearance (p less than 0.0001).
      Neonatal complications included respiratory distress syndrome (19%),
      hyperbilirubinemia (26), and congenital malformations (10%). The uncorrected
      perinatal survival rate was 94%. These data suggest that with contemporary
      methods of maternal evaluation and treatment, fetal surveillance, and neonatal
      care, the risks to patients with diabetic nephropathy during pregnancy are not
      excessive. The likelihood of a successful fetal and neonatal outcome is
      comparable to that in other patients with insulin-dependent diabetes.

PMID- 3394755
TI  - Fructosamine in the management of gestational diabetes.
AB  - The role of maternal serum fructosamine estimation in the management of
      gestational diabetes was assessed in 78 consecutive patients over a 3-year
      period. Fructosamine results correlated significantly with mean plasma glucose
      levels over a 1- to 3-week interval, with the closest association being in the
      preceding week. Eighty-five percent of women with gestational diabetes had peak
      serum fructosamine levels above the normal range. If maternal levels exceeded 3.2
      mmol/L, there was an 88% chance of abnormal glucose tolerance post partum. Our
      aim of management was a serum fructosamine level less than 2.5 mmol/L; patients
      who achieved this goal by 35 to 37 weeks' gestation had fewer obese babies with
      lower cord insulin and C-peptide levels as compared with neonates of mothers with
      elevated fructosamine concentrations.

PMID- 3394756
TI  - Detection of human ovarian tumor-associated antigens by antibodies isolated from
      ovarian carcinoma ascitic fluid.
AB  - Ascitic fluid from patients with ovarian epithelial cancer contains large amounts
      of soluble immune complexes and is a potential source of antibodies and antigens
      associated with the tumor. The antibodies against tumor-associated antigens were
      purified from the ascitic fluids of patients with ovarian serous
      cystadenocarcinoma. These antibodies showed specificity toward ovarian epithelial
      cancer when tested against ovarian tumor cell lines and paraffin-embedded tissue
      sections of ovarian cancer. The antigens in sera of patients were separated from
      IgG and IgG complexes by affinity chromatography and the free antigens were
      isolated. With the antibodies purified from ascitic fluid, the levels of tumor
      associated antigens in sera of 10 patients with serous cystadenocarcinoma and 12
      control patients were detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The
      antigens in patients with ovarian epithelial cancer were 2 to 10 times higher
      than those in control patients. These studies demonstrate that the antibodies
      isolated from ascitic fluid detect the tumor-associated antigens on tumor cells
      as well as the shed antigens present in serum.

PMID- 3394757
TI  - Assay of bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide) in human amniotic fluid:
      potential usefulness in diagnosis and management of preterm labor.
AB  - The long-range goal of our research is to determine whether the presence of
      bioactive agents of infection in amniotic fluid may serve as sensitive indexes of
      the existence of infection as the cause of preterm labor in a given pregnancy.
      The aim of this study was to explore the possibility that bacterial endotoxin
      (lipopolysaccharide) could be detected and quantified in amniotic fluid. In
      particular, we sought to ascertain (1) if amniotic fluid could be collected in a
      manner to prevent endotoxin contamination, (2) whether there were inhibitors of
      lipopolysaccharide in amniotic fluid, and (3) if Limulus amebocyte lysate-based
      assays could be used to identify and quantify lipopolysaccharide in this fluid.
      We found that the Limulus amebocyte lysate assays (gelation assay and chromophore
      generation assay) were useful in the qualitative and quantitative analysis of
      lipopolysaccharide in amniotic fluids. Lipopolysaccharide-mediated generation of
      chromophore in the presence of amniotic fluid was accelerated strikingly compared
      with that of lipopolysaccharide in endotoxin-free water. In three amniotic fluid
      samples obtained during preterm labor, lipopolysaccharide was detectable in
      aliquots of 1 to 10 microliters by use of the gelation assay and
      lipopolysaccharide was quantifiable by use of chromophore generation assays. Two
      of these amniotic fluid samples were sterile as determined by bacteriologic
      examination; in the third sample, Fusobacterium species was identified. We
      suggest that these assays may be extremely useful in the identification of
      lipopolysaccharide in amniotic fluid. Indeed, lipopolysaccharide may serve as one
      marker of infection useful in establishing the cause of preterm labor.

PMID- 3394758
TI  - Ocular syphilis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection.
AB  - We diagnosed ocular syphilis in three homosexual men infected with human
      immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Ocular inflammation included uveitis, optic
      neuritis, and retinitis. Dermatologic and central nervous system manifestations
      of secondary syphilis were also present. The history of homosexuality was
      difficult to obtain. Concomitant infection with HIV may alter the course of
      syphilis, obscure the diagnosis, and impair the response to therapy.

PMID- 3394759
TI  - Histopathologic findings after Nd:YAG transscleral cyclophotocoagulation.

PMID- 3394760
TI  - Keratitis induced by skin polish.

PMID- 3394761
TI  - Foveal retinoschisis associated with senile retinoschisis in a woman.

PMID- 3394763
TI  - Unusual central chorioretinitis as the first manifestation of early secondary
      syphilis.

PMID- 3394762
TI  - Normal alpha-L-fucosidase and other lysosomal enzyme activities in progressive
      cone dystrophy.
AB  - We conducted a cross-sectional study of 24 patients with cone dystrophy to
      investigate a possible link between this disease and deficient activity of alpha
      L-fucosidase. We studied patients with several forms of cone dystrophy, including
      six with similar clinical characteristics to two patients previously reported to
      be alpha-L-fucosidase deficient. Activities for alpha-L-fucosidase and several
      other lysosomal enzymes (beta-D-glucuronidase, beta-D-hexosaminidase (A + B), and
      alpha-D-mannosidase) were determined in serum and leukocytes. None of our
      patients with cone dystrophy were deficient in alpha-L-fucosidase or any other
      lysosomal enzyme investigated. No relationship was found between alpha-L
      fucosidase deficiency and any type of cone dystrophy studied.

PMID- 3394764
TI  - Uveitis and diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Of 340 patients with anterior uveitis, 20 (6%) had diabetes mellitus. This is
      significantly higher than the prevalence of 1.4% in the normal Dutch population
      (P less than .001). Of 128 patients with idiopathic anterior uveitis, 16 (12.5%)
      had diabetes mellitus compared to only four (1.9%) of 212 patients with anterior
      uveitis with an established specific ocular diagnosis (P less than .001). Of the
      16 diabetic patients with idiopathic anterior uveitis, ten (63%) had type I
      diabetes mellitus and 12 (75%) suffered from severe diabetic complications as
      angiopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy. The onset of diabetes mellitus preceded
      the onset of anterior uveitis in all cases. Whether or not uveitis in diabetic
      patients is a true inflammation rather than an ischemic phenomenon is still
      unknown.

PMID- 3394765
TI  - Acute frosted retinal periphlebitis.
AB  - We examined three previously healthy young patients who suffered acute visual
      loss associated with diffuse bilateral retinal periphlebitis. Each patient
      developed thick, inflammatory infiltrates surrounding all of the retinal veins,
      creating the appearance of frosted tree branches. Initial visual acuities ranged
      from 20/20 to hand motions (median, counting fingers). All patients showed rapid
      improvement after starting oral corticosteroid therapy, and all but one of the
      six affected eyes regained a visual acuity of 20/20. The clinical appearance and
      course of these patients matched those of a condition previously described in
      Japan and labeled frosted branch angiitis. The term "acute frosted retinal
      periphlebitis" seems to describe more accurately the clinical findings.

PMID- 3394766
TI  - Ocular perforation from a retrobulbar injection.
AB  - Proliferative vitreoretinopathy occurred in three of seven cases of ocular
      perforation from retrobulbar injection, resulting in a visual acuity of 20/200 or
      worse. Direct macular injury and macular pucker occurred in two cases each.
      Needle injury exit sites were in the posterior pole in all cases. Predisposing
      factors were not experimentally verified, but associated conditions included
      axial myopia, multiple injections, traditional superonasal gaze position,
      previous retinal buckling procedure, and enophthalmos.

PMID- 3394767
TI  - Management of anterior chamber depth after trabeculectomy.
AB  - We followed up 36 eyes of 34 patients for the first three months after
      trabeculectomy, paying special attention to the depth of the anterior chamber. A
      significant difference in postoperative course was noted between those eyes with
      central cornea-lens touch and those with cornea-iris touch but not contact
      between cornea and lens. The former group (four eyes) had a high rate of
      complications, including corneal edema, cataract, and bleb failure, despite early
      efforts to reform the anterior chamber. The latter group (18 eyes), in which the
      anterior chambers were all allowed to reform spontaneously, had a favorable
      course, similar to those eyes that maintained formed anterior chambers throughout
      the study.

PMID- 3394768
TI  - The effect of omitting botulinum toxin from the lower eyelid in blepharospasm
      treatment.
AB  - We randomly selected 26 patients with essential blepharospasm to receive either
      botulinum toxin or saline injection in their lower eyelids to evaluate the
      necessity of lower eyelid injection to relieve blepharospasm. As diplopia may
      occur from botulinum toxin injections for blepharospasm, most commonly from
      injection of the lower eyelid, and surgical relief of blepharospasm is often
      achieved by excision of only the upper eyelid protractors, omission of toxin from
      the lower eyelid seemed both desirable and possible. All patients received
      botulinum toxin in the upper eyelids, above the eyebrows, across the glabella,
      and near the lateral canthus. Thirteen of 15 patients who received saline in
      their lower eyelids had relief of spasm, with the same spasm-free interval as
      those who received toxin. We recommend avoiding injection of toxin in the medial
      two thirds of the lower eyelid in order to diminish the likelihood of diplopia
      from inferior oblique muscle paresis.

PMID- 3394769
TI  - Combined viable composite grafting and eyelid sharing techniques to prevent
      blepharoptosis after extensive tumor excision.
AB  - Five patients underwent tumor excision involving either the entire upper eyelid
      and temporal lower eyelid (three patients) or the entire lower eyelid and
      temporal upper eyelid (two patients), followed by reconstruction with an eyelid
      sharing procedure combined with viable composite grafting to the upper eyelid and
      a temporal semicircular flap. None of the five patients developed postoperative
      blepharoptosis, and all had excellent functional and cosmetic results. Follow-up
      ranged from 23 to 94 months.

PMID- 3394770
TI  - Accommodation and convergence insufficiency with left middle cerebral artery
      occlusion.
AB  - We studied accommodation and vergence eye movements in a patient with a left
      middle cerebral artery embolism. Accommodation was monitored by an infrared
      optometer with the accommodative target being controlled by a microcomputer.
      Computed tomography showed low-density areas in the left cortex, with intact
      brainstem. The patient had convergence palsy and accommodation abnormalities. The
      amplitude of the accommodative responses was reduced and the accommodation
      velocity was markedly lowered. Our results further substantiate the neurologic
      relationship between the cerebral cortex and accommodation and convergence.

PMID- 3394771
TI  - Ocular findings in partial trisomy 10q syndrome.
AB  - We examined three siblings with partial trisomy 10q born to a mother carrying a
      balanced translocation between chromosomes 4 and 10. Our patients had many of the
      phenotypic abnormalities characteristic of this syndrome, and their chromosomal
      abnormality was confirmed by karyotypes of peripheral blood lymphocytes. Two
      ophthalmoscopic abnormalities not previously reported in this syndrome were noted
      in our patients. One child had bilateral enlarged, gray optic disks with
      elevated, blurred margins and distended retinal vessels. Another child had
      bilateral punctate yellow deposits scattered around the macula and optic disk.

PMID- 3394773
TI  - Late recurrence in primary orbital rhabdomyosarcoma.

PMID- 3394772
TI  - Counseling the patient with a posterior uveal melanoma.

PMID- 3394774
TI  - Ocular hazards of rigid blade lawn trimmers.

PMID- 3394775
TI  - Optic atrophy in primary oxalosis.

PMID- 3394777
TI  - Ethics is the issue.

PMID- 3394776
TI  - Bright light stimuli as a mask of relative afferent pupillary defects.

PMID- 3394778
TI  - Ethical reasoning and informed consent in occupational therapy.
AB  - Two major ethical theories, the teleological and the deontological, are defined
      and briefly discussed. A subsequent discussion explores how the ethical
      principles of informed consent and patient autonomy operate in medical decisions.
      The application to occupational therapy is left for the reader's judgment.

PMID- 3394779
TI  - Teaching ethical analysis in occupational therapy.
AB  - Ethical decision making is a cognitive skill requiring education in ethical
      principles and an understanding of specific ethical issues. It is also a
      psychodynamic process involving personalities, values, opinions, and perceptions.
      This article proposes the use of case studies and role-playing techniques in
      teaching ethics in occupational therapy to supplement conventional methods of
      presenting ethical theories and principles. These two approaches invite students
      to discuss and analyze crucial issues in occupational therapy from a variety of
      viewpoints. Methodology of developing case studies and role-playing exercises are
      discussed. The techniques are evaluated and their application to the teaching of
      ethics is examined.

PMID- 3394780
TI  - Two practitioners' analyses of occupational therapy practice dilemmas.

PMID- 3394781
TI  - Occupational therapy ethics self-assessment index.

PMID- 3394782
TI  - Fieldwork supervision: more education is warranted.
AB  - Students completing fieldwork are the future of our profession. We can no longer
      allow our fieldwork educators to develop skills to supervise, teach, and evaluate
      students on a trial-and-error basis. By allocating resources to develop
      continuing education materials to be used in developing these skills, the
      profession will be acknowledging its long-standing espoused commitment to
      fieldwork. The development of continuing education materials must be based on an
      understanding of how experienced clinicians reason about their practice and
      transform occupational therapy theory into clinical practice. Critical analysis
      of the reasoning process will help us teach this process to students.
      Additionally, we need to develop self-contained educational materials to prepare
      our fieldwork educators to design fieldwork programs, supervise students, and
      handle administrative issues related to fieldwork. Finally, fieldwork educators
      and academic faculty need to collaborate to provide our future practitioners with
      an integrated academic and clinical education.

PMID- 3394783
TI  - OTRs in community mental health--an endangered species?

PMID- 3394784
TI  - Therapists in mental health need to become more visible.

PMID- 3394785
TI  - Matters of budget: the association's fiscal status and management.

PMID- 3394786
TI  - The relationship between visual-perceptual motor abilities and clumsiness in
      children with and without learning disabilities.
AB  - One visual-perceptual test, four visual-motor tests, and a test of motor
      impairment were administered to 22 children with learning disabilities and 22
      children without learning disabilities, aged 5 to 8 years. The children with
      learning disabilities were divided into two groups--"clumsy" and "nonclumsy"-
      based on their scores on the motor impairment test. It was hypothesized that the
      clumsy children with learning disabilities would score significantly lower on
      visual-perceptual and visual-motor tests than the nonclumsy children with
      learning disabilities who, in turn, would score significantly lower than the
      children without learning disabilities. It was further hypothesized that there
      would be a significant correlation between the degree of clumsiness and the
      degree of visual-perceptual and visual-motor deficit. Analysis of the data
      indicated that, as expected, the clumsy children with learning disabilities
      scored significantly lower than the children without learning disabilities (the
      control group). There was no significant difference between the clumsy and
      nonclumsy children with learning disabilities or between the nonclumsy children
      with learning disabilities and the control group. Degree of clumsiness
      significantly correlated with scores on four of five tests. Results are discussed
      in terms of subtypes of learning disabilities and sample size.

PMID- 3394787
TI  - A therapeutic work program for head-injured adults.
AB  - The Therapeutic Work Program operates in an ambulatory care setting and aids in
      assessing and developing prevocational skills in adults with head injuries. The
      program has eight phases, including initial evaluation, individual and group
      treatment, and prevocational assessment and treatment. We conducted a phone
      survey to evaluate the program's effectiveness and found that 79% of the 29
      respondents participated in occupational activities (i.e., they were competitive
      or volunteer employees, homemakers, or students), a greater percentage than
      reported by other prevocational programs for patients with head injuries.

PMID- 3394788
TI  - Comparison of tactile preferences in children with and without cerebral palsy.
AB  - Fifteen normal preschool children and 15 preschool children with cerebral palsy
      were presented with 10 pairs of objects and asked to identify their preference
      for one of the objects in each of the pairs. Five objects of different textures
      were used. The children only handled the objects; they did not view them during
      testing. The children with cerebral palsy chose hard objects significantly more
      often than they chose soft objects; the normal children had no significant choice
      preferences. Eleven of the children with cerebral palsy had choice patterns
      significantly different from those of the normal children. The apparent
      preference of the children with cerebral palsy for hard objects and their
      avoidance of soft objects suggests that they may have decreased tactile awareness
      and need the greater proprioceptive input that hard objects provide. The findings
      of this study indicate that preschool children with cerebral palsy may be at high
      risk for somatosensory disorders, which could markedly affect their hand
      function.

PMID- 3394789
TI  - Development of oral side preference during chewing and its relation to hand
      preference in normal 2- to 8-year-old children.
AB  - Normative data on skills of the tongue used in eating are presented. Normal
      children 5 to 8 years old were studied regarding their preference of placing food
      either on the right or left side of the mouth when starting to eat. A
      developmental curve spanning 2 to 8 years was generated by including data from an
      earlier study. Data of oral side preference were correlated with data of
      preferred hand use. In addition, the ability to move a small piece of food from
      one side of the mouth to the other was studied. It was found that normal children
      undergo a transition from placing solid food predominantly on the right side at 2
      years of age to placing it on the left side at 4 years of age. The left side
      preference persists until at least 8 years of age for both viscous and solid food
      textures. Oral side preference did not correlate with hand preference. The
      ability to move food from one side of the mouth to the other (lateralizing) was
      found to undergo a developmental progression: The inability to lateralize in a
      third of 2-year-olds gave way to rolling movements. Concomitantly, a consistent
      increase in slow and then smooth movements was found to occur from 2 to 8 years
      of age. These data provide the clinician with a normative baseline against which
      eating-impaired children can be compared.

PMID- 3394790
TI  - Tongue movements in normal 2- to 8-year-old children: extended profile of an
      eating assessment.
AB  - In this study tongue movements of 103 normal 5-, 6-, 7-, and 8-year-old children
      were measured and compared. The 5-year-olds were compared with children of an
      earlier study and data were combined for 2- to 8-year-old children. Two different
      tongue positions were measured as three standard textures of food were presented:
      first, the position of the tongue as the food was 5 cm away from the lips, and
      second, the position of the tongue or other oral characteristics as the food was
      swallowed. For the anticipation of food a significant age-texture (p less than
      .001) as well as an age-sex-texture interaction was noted (p less than .035). For
      swallowing, significant age (p less than .0001), texture (p less than .0001), and
      sex-age interactions (p less than .0001) were found. Although food is anticipated
      in a similar fashion by both sexes, age and texture differences must be taken
      into account when swallowing is evaluated. A preliminary developmental curve for
      the two eating behaviors is presented for children 2 to 8 years old.

PMID- 3394791
TI  - Continuity of care maximizes autonomy of the elderly.

PMID- 3394792
TI  - Soft splinting with neoprene: the thumb abduction supinator splint.
AB  - Thermoplastics are useful for many types of splints, but most splints made from
      them position the hand statically and have the disadvantage of limiting the
      sensory feedback that occurs during normal use and movement. Neoprene is an
      alternative to thermoplastics when dynamic mobility in splinting is the goal.
      Neoprene is soft, stretchable, lightweight, durable, nontoxic, machine-washable,
      and has a good memory. The TASS uses the Bobaths' key point of forearm supination
      and thumb abduction to position the upper extremity more functionally without the
      patient having to use effort. Thus sensory feedback can occur while the limb is
      moving within a prescribed range. The TASS can be used as an extra "hand" during
      the occupational therapy treatment session, or it can be applied immediately
      after treatment to continue to facilitate functional positioning of the limb.

PMID- 3394793
TI  - Ultrastructural evidence of alveolar epithelial injury in idiopathic
      bronchiolitis obliterans-organizing pneumonia.
AB  - The ultrastructural features of idiopathic bronchiolitis obliterans-organizing
      pneumonia (BOOP) were studied in 9 patients. As expected, the characteristic air
      space fibrosis was composed of spindled fibroblasts and myofibroblasts arranged
      concentrically within an electron-lucent stroma. In 6 patients there was evidence
      of incorporation of air space fibrosis into the interstitium. A surprising
      finding in all patients was the presence of extensive epithelial damage involving
      peribronchiolar alveolar septa. Necrosis and sloughing of alveolar lining cells
      resulted in denuding of epithelial basal laminae. Complex infoldings and deep
      invaginations of the denuded basal laminae into alveolar septa were common. These
      ultrastructural changes involving the interstitium are similar to those occurring
      in the interstitial pneumonias, and suggest that BOOP also results from acute
      epithelial injury. The different clinical manifestations and prognosis of these
      entities may relate to the peribronchiolar localization of the epithelial damage
      in BOOP compared with more diffuse involvement of distal lung in the interstitial
      pneumonias.

PMID- 3394794
TI  - Effects of mercury on human polymorphonuclear leukocyte function in vitro.
AB  - A variety of heavy metals are recognized as environmental pollutants, and
      although a significant body of literature exists on the acute toxicity of these
      metals in various tissues, little is known about the effects of metals such as
      mercury on host defense. Therefore, the effect of mercuric chloride (HgCl2) on
      human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) function in vitro was evaluated. The
      acute toxicity of HgCl2 for human PMN was calculated initially using vital dye
      exclusion (trypan blue), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. Concentrations
      of HgCl2 less than or equal to 10(-6) M did not induce significant LDH release,
      or uptake of trypan blue. Additionally, HgCl2 at less than or equal to 10(-7) M
      produced no ultrastructural alterations in the PMN. The effects of HgCl2 on human
      PMN functions involved in host defense were evaluated next. HgCl2 consistently
      suppressed human PMN adherence, polarization, chemotaxis, and erythrophagocytosis
      at concentrations between 10(-6) and 10(-17) M. Because of the established role
      of oxygen metabolites in host defense, the effects of HgCl2 on human PMN
      chemiluminescence and H2O2 production were evaluated next. These studies
      demonstrated that low concentrations of HgCl2 (ie, 10(-9)-10(-15) M)
      significantly enhanced chemiluminescence, as well as stimulated H2O2 production
      by the PMN. These studies clearly demonstrate the ability of extremely low levels
      of HgCl2 not only to suppress various PMN functions involved in host defense, but
      also to stimulate oxygen metabolism. In vivo, these HgCl2 effects would not only
      compromise host defense but also promote tissue injury via the local production
      of oxygen metabolites.

PMID- 3394795
TI  - Bronchopulmonary carcinoids and regional lymph node metastases. A quantitative
      pathologic investigation.
AB  - Bronchopulmonary carcinoid tumors are tumors with a low malignant potential. They
      metastasize in 5-15% of cases. Accurate histologic preoperative prediction of the
      presence of regional lymph node metastases is not possible at this time. A
      retrospective quantitative pathologic analysis was performed to investigate the
      possibility of predicting the presence or absence of regional lymph node
      metastases in 24 patients with bronchopulmonary carcinoid tumors. The results of
      univariate analysis showed that large tumor size was associated significantly
      more frequently with regional lymph node metastases than small tumor size (P less
      than 0.01). The other quantitative features, ie, a larger mean nuclear area,
      higher standard deviation of the nuclear area and the presence of an aneuploid
      DNA index, were frequently associated with regional lymph node metastases, but
      this tendency was not significant. In multivariate analysis the combination of
      tumor size and mean nuclear area predicted the presence or absence of regional
      lymph node metastases correctly in 80 and 94% of the cases, respectively. These
      results indicate that the combination of tumor size and mean nuclear area may
      serve as a guideline to predict the presence of regional lymph node metastases.

PMID- 3394796
TI  - DNA aneuploidy in adenomas of endocrine organs.
AB  - The nuclear DNA content of 44 pituitary, 49 thyroid, 54 parathyroid, and 17
      adrenal adenomas was analyzed from paraffin-embedded tissue with flow cytometry.
      Interpretable histograms of good quality (CV less than 7%, mean CV, 4%) were
      obtained in 96% of the cases. Unequivocal evidence of DNA aneuploidy was found in
      29% of pituitary, 25% of thyroid, 35% of parathyroid, and in 53% of adrenal
      adenomas. Excluding the multiploid (N = 2) and tetraploid adenomas (N = 5), the
      DNA indices of aneuploid adenomas were generally small (mean, 1.34). Patients
      with a diploid thyroid or parathyroid adenoma had a lower mean age at diagnosis
      than patients with a nondiploid adenoma. None of the adenomas gave rise to
      metastases after conservative surgery. It is concluded that DNA aneuploidy is
      common in endocrine adenomas and that the presence of DNA aneuploidy is not
      incompatible with a benign histologic diagnosis. The usefulness of DNA aneuploidy
      as a conclusive sign of malignancy in clinical practice is questioned.

PMID- 3394797
TI  - Alveolar macrophage subpopulations' responsiveness to chemotactic stimuli.
AB  - Recent data suggest that alveolar macrophages are a heterogeneous group of cells
      with several subpopulations. This study was undertaken to determine if there is
      heterogeneity among rat alveolar macrophage subpopulations ability to respond to
      chemotactic stimuli. Alveolar macrophages were harvested by bronchoalveolar
      lavage and fractionated into density-defined fractions by centrifugation through
      a continuous isoosmotic gradient of colloidal silica. Unfractionated and density
      defined alveolar macrophages were then characterized as to their ability to
      migrate towards F-Met-Leu-Phen and zymosan-activated serum. Alveolar macrophages
      of density 1.083-1.097 gm/ml were found to have the greatest migrational movement
      toward F-Met-Leu-Phen, which was higher than the unfractionated population. In
      contrast, 2 peaks in alveolar macrophage subpopulations migrational movement
      towards zymosan-activated serum were noted that were lower than the
      unfractionated population. These results demonstrated that alveolar macrophages
      are heterogeneous in their migrational ability towards the chemotactic stimuli F
      Met-Leu-Phen and zymosan-activated serum and that there may be a cooperative
      interaction between the subpopulations that affects macrophage migrational
      ability.

PMID- 3394798
TI  - Matrix-driven cell size change modulates aortic endothelial cell proliferation
      and sheet migration.
AB  - Current hypotheses suggest that the extracellular matrix modulates cellular
      function in physiologic homeostasis and during injury and repair and that
      selected cellular functions are cell and nuclear size dependent. For elucidation
      of the role of extracellular matrix-driven cell size changes in the modulation of
      endothelial cell proliferation and sheet migration an in vitro model system was
      used that allows for the culture of bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) on
      various purified extracellular matrix components. BAEC exhibited distinct
      patterns in rates of attachment, spreading, migration, and proliferation when
      cultured on the selected extracellular matrix components laminin, types I and III
      collagen, type IV collagen, and fibronectin. In addition, there was a correlation
      between cell and nuclear size (on the various matrices tested) and rates of cell
      attachment and spreading. In contrast, an inverse correlation was noted between
      cell and nuclear size (on the various matrices tested) and proliferation and
      sheet migration. These data demonstrate that endothelial cells respond to matrix
      components in specific but complex fashions, mediated, in part, by changes in
      cell and nuclear size.

PMID- 3394799
TI  - Lectin binding by liver and lung metastasizing variants of the murine Lewis lung
      carcinoma.
AB  - Lectin binding was assessed in subcutaneous tissues of 9 primary tumors of liver
      and lung metastasizing variants of murine Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) and their
      metastases, using the avidin-biotin peroxidase technique. Dolichos bifloris
      agglutinin, concanavalin A, Ricinis communis agglutinin, and wheat germ
      agglutinin bound to equal numbers of primary and metastatic tumor cells,
      indicating that the carbohydrate moieties detected by them were not associated
      with metastatic potential. However, with peanut agglutinin (PNA), soybean
      agglutinin (SBA), and Ulex europaeus agglutinin I (UEA-I), the majority of
      primary tumor cells had the phenotype PNA-, SBA-, UEA-; metastatic tumor cells to
      the liver had the phenotype PNA+, SBA+, UEA-1-, and metastases to lung had the
      phenotype PNA+, SBA+, UEA-1+. Thus, LLC tumor cells that were PNA+ SBA+ had
      metastatic potential, but with no organ-specific preference. However, those that
      were UEA-I- or UEA-I+ preferentially metastasized to the liver and lung,
      respectively, implying that selective metastasis was associated with differences
      in the carbohydrate composition of metastatic tumor cells.

PMID- 3394800
TI  - Inhibition of endothelial cell retraction by ATP depletion.
AB  - To determine the relationship among endothelial cell (EC) retraction, cell
      adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and the status of cellular actin, ATP levels, F
      actin content, and cytochemical redistribution in bovine pulmonary artery
      endothelial cells were assessed. EC monolayers 7 days after confluence were
      exposed to ethchlorvynol (ECV), histamine, or cytochalasin B (cyto B) for time
      intervals from 5-90 minutes. All 3 agents resulted in endothelial cell retraction
      without significant effect on cellular ATP content. Sixty-minute incubation of
      monolayers in glucose-free media containing antimycin A and 2-deoxyglucose
      depleted cellular ATP to less than 10% of control levels. ATP depleted monolayers
      failed to retract when incubated with ECV, histamine, or cyto B. ATP depletion
      resulted in loss of the prominent EC margins but only a rare gap between adjacent
      cells. When ATP levels were allowed to recover, the ability of EC monolayers to
      retract was restored. Actin filaments in control monolayers localized to a dense
      peripheral band of actin, a paranuclear complex, and bundles of microfilaments
      orientated parallel to the long axis of the cell. ECV induced complete loss of
      the dense peripheral band and other changes in the actin disposition. Monolayers
      exposed to histamine showed a retraction of the dense peripheral band of actin to
      a subcortical position. Cyto B caused loss of the dense peripheral band and the
      longitudinal microfilament bundles. Monolayers depleted of ATP lost their dense
      peripheral band and exhibited a disorganized, tangled web of microfilaments.
      Neither histamine nor ECV modified the actin distribution in ATP-depleted
      monolayers, whereas exposure to cyto B resulted in substantial change in actin
      with formation of a rim inside the cell membrane and considerable loss of actin
      filaments. ECV or histamine induced a small reduction in F-actin content while
      cyto B resulted in a 50% decline in 15 minutes. ATP depletion resulted in a 19%
      decrease in F-actin, with no further reduction on subsequent exposure to
      histamine or ECV. Cyto B treatment of ATP-depleted monolayers caused a drop in F
      actin content equivalent to that observed in cells with normal ATP levels. These
      studies indicate that ATP is essential for changes in actin filament distribution
      and endothelial cell retraction produced by ECV, histamine or cyto B, and make it
      unlikely that any of these agents acts simply by depolymerization of actin
      filaments or modification of the dense peripheral band, although disruption of
      the dense peripheral band may facilitate retraction in the presence of adequate
      levels of cell ATP.

PMID- 3394801
TI  - Macroscopic intestinal colonies of mice as a tool for studying differentiation of
      multipotential intestinal stem cells.
AB  - Macroscopic nodules composed of regenerating intestinal epithelium were developed
      within an area of the murine jejunum ulcerated by X-irradiation (1700 rads). The
      authors investigated whether such intestinal nodules were clonal and whether this
      method was useful as a tool for studying differentiation of intestinal stem
      cells. For examination of the clonality, intestinal nodules were produced in the
      jejunum of (C57BL/6 X DS)F1-Pgk-1b/Pgk-1a mice that carried X-chromosome
      inactivation mosaicism for the phosphoglycerate kinase gene. All intestinal
      nodules contained only 1 type of phosphoglycerate kinase, suggesting the
      monoclonal origin of nodules. Histochemical and electron microscopic studies
      showed the presence of absorptive epithelial, goblet, and entero-endocrine cells
      in most intestinal nodules, suggesting the multipotentiality of the nodule
      forming stem cells. Moreover, villi developed on the top of some intestinal
      nodules, implicating the potential of the multipotential stem cell to construct
      the highly organized structure. The result indicates that the intestinal nodule
      method is useful for investigating differentiation potentials of multipotential
      intestinal stem cells.

PMID- 3394802
TI  - Effect of hyperoxia on the cytoarchitecture of cultured endothelial cells.
AB  - When confluent pulmonary artery endothelial cells in culture were exposed to
      hyperoxia (95% O2 and 5% CO2), they became enlarged and mean corpuscular volume
      increased 30-35%. Rhodamine-phalloidin staining of actin filaments demonstrated
      that hyperoxia was associated with a progressive alteration in the actin
      distribution. Three days after oxygen exposure, the number and thickness of
      cytoplasmic stress fibers were increased, while the peripheral bands were
      disrupted or absent. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
      revealed that the amount of filamentous actin was increased in oxygen-exposed
      cells, while the total actin content remained unchanged, suggesting that oxygen
      exposure shifted the equilibrium from G actin to F actin.

PMID- 3394804
TI  - An acute increase of peritubular K stimulates K transport through cell pathways
      of CCT.
AB  - In this study, we have investigated net transport and electrical properties of
      isolated perfused cortical collecting ducts of control and DOCA-treated rabbits
      to clarify the cell mechanism for secreting K on an acute increase of peritubular
      K concentration. Raising bath K in control experiments caused an increase in net
      K secretion (-JK) and net Na absorption (JNa). Barium (5 mM), a known blocker of
      basolateral K conductance, added to the bath had no effect on this transport
      stimulation. In the presence of luminal Ba (5 mM) -JK was reduced to zero, but
      JNa was unaltered. When bath K was increased -JK increased to a value slightly
      greater than zero, but not different from the predicted passive flux through the
      paracellular pathway. In tubules of DOCA-treated rabbits, raising K in the bath
      increased -JK and JNa. The observed stimulation of -JK was blunted in the
      presence of Ba in the bath, whereas the increase in JNa remained the same. Thus,
      in DOCA-treated tubules, Ba in the bath significantly attenuated the increase in
      K secretion without affecting the transport stimulation of JNa. When Ba was added
      to the perfusate and bath K increased, -JK, which was initially 22.1, increased
      to 36.4 pmol.mm-1.min-1. Thus a "Ba-insensitive" pathway became more evident in
      CCTs from DOCA-treated rabbits.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3394805
TI  - Effects of maternal hyperglycemia on fetal renal function in sheep.
AB  - The effects of maternal hyperglycemia on fetal renal function were investigated
      in 10 chronically catheterized fetal sheep after the infusion of 100 g of glucose
      into the ewe over 30 min. Fetal blood glucose levels rose (P less than 0.001)
      within 15 min of completing the glucose infusion from 15.75 +/- 2.8 to 195.4 +/-
      18 (SE) mg/dl (n = 10). There was a significant increase in fetal glomerular
      filtration rate (P less than 0.05) from 2.73 +/- 0.41 to 3.65 +/- 0.40 (SE)
      ml/min (n = 10) within 1.5 h of the infusion of glucose into the ewe. Urine flow
      rate increased from 0.38 +/- 0.06 to 0.63 +/- 0.12 (SE) ml/min (n = 10, P less
      than 0.001), and sodium excretion increased from 18.42 +/- 7.21 to 38.4 +/- 13.7
      (SE) mumol/min (n = 10, P less than 0.002) within 2.5 h of the infusion of
      glucose into the ewe. The fraction of the filtered load that was excreted (urine
      flow rate divided by glomerular filtration rate) also increased (P less than
      0.01) as did the fraction of the osmolar load (P less than 0.002). Glycosuria
      occurred in all fetuses within 30 min of the infusion of glucose into the ewe,
      and glucose excretion reached 26.16 +/- 12.36 (SE) micrograms/min (n = 8) after
      1.5 h. These findings of diuresis, natriuresis, and glycosuria in response to
      hyperglycemia are evidence that an increased delivery of fluid into the amniotic
      cavity might occur after a rise in fetal plasma glucose levels.

PMID- 3394803
TI  - Role of the Ito cell in liver parenchymal fibrosis in rats fed alcohol and a high
      fat-low protein diet.
AB  - Eight pairs of young adult rats were pair-fed a high fat-low protein diet and
      ethanol or isocaloric glucose by permanent intragastric cannula for up to 6
      months. Biopsies of the liver were taken monthly and the fibrosis was quantitated
      morphometrically using the sirius red polarization method of collagen
      visualization by light microscopy. Morphometric analysis of the sinusoids and
      scars were performed on electron micrographs made from the liver biopsies. An
      increase in the collagen in both the central and portal areas was found when the
      livers of the alcohol-fed rats were compared with controls. The predominant cell
      in the scars was the Ito cell. An increase in the percentage of the total Ito
      cell square area made up of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) was noted when the
      sinusoids of the liver of the ethanol-fed rats were compared with controls. No
      difference in the RER was found when the sinusoidal Ito cells were compared with
      the Ito cells located within the scars of the ethanol-fed rats. It was concluded
      that Ito cell "activation" by chronic ethanol feeding in the sinusoids of rats
      accurately predicts "activation" of the Ito cells within scars. The Ito cells are
      diffusely activated even though the scarring is localized. This implies that
      local factors as well as Ito cell activation are necessary for scar formation. In
      the case of alcoholic liver disease, scar formation may be initiated by
      centrilobular necrosis.

PMID- 3394806
TI  - Immunocytochemical localization of band 3 protein in the rat collecting duct.
AB  - Band 3 protein is the major anion transport protein of the erythrocyte cell
      membrane where it catalyzes the exchange of HCO3- for Cl-. There is evidence that
      band 3 protein is present in the collecting duct of both the rat and rabbit
      kidney. We used colloidal-gold immunocytochemistry to determine the
      ultrastructural location of band 3 protein in the rat cortical (CCD) and outer
      medullary collecting ducts (OMCD). Kidneys of normal Sprague-Dawley rats were
      fixed by intravascular perfusion with 1% glutaraldehyde and embedded in Lowicryl
      K4M. Two polyclonal antibodies raised in rabbits were used as the primary
      antibody in separate experiments, one against the 43-kDa fragment of the
      cytoplasmic domain of human erythrocyte band 3 protein and the other against rat
      erythrocyte band 3 protein. This was followed by exposure to gold-conjugated goat
      anti-rabbit immunoglobulin G. Transmission electron microscopy revealed gold
      particles along the basal and lateral plasma membranes of all intercalated cells
      of the OMCD. In the CCD, the basal and lateral plasma membranes of the type A
      intercalated cells only were labeled with gold particles. The type B intercalated
      cells and principal cells were devoid of gold particles, as were all cells of the
      proximal tubule, the distal convoluted tubule, and the thick ascending limb of
      the loop of Henle. We conclude that a Cl(-)-HCO3- transporter is present in the
      basal and lateral plasma membranes of the intercalated cells in the OMCD and the
      type A intercalated cells in the CCD. These findings provide further evidence
      that these intercalated cells are involved in H+ secretion in the OMCD and CCD of
      the rat. We have no evidence for the presence of band 3 protein in the type B
      intercalated cells of the CCD, which supports the hypothesis that type B cells
      are functionally and structurally distinct from type A cells.

PMID- 3394807
TI  - AVP-induced Ca fluxes and contraction of rat glomerular mesangial cells.
AB  - Arginine vasopressin (AVP) is known to exert Ca mobilization and contraction in
      glomerular mesangial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells. However, the
      relationship between changes in intracellular Ca and transmembrane Ca fluxes is
      not clear at the present time. Therefore, this study was undertaken to determine
      the effect of AVP on cytosolic calcium ([Ca2+]i) and Ca fluxes as estimated by
      measurements of 45Ca2+ efflux. Changes of [Ca2+]i in response to AVP were
      directly measured in monolayers of adherent cultured mesangial cells. AVP induced
      rapid concentration-dependent increases in [Ca2+]i and Ca2+ efflux. AVP also
      induced contraction of mesangial cells. This effect was blocked only by the V1
      (pressor)-antagonist, d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)AVP. Stimulation of Ca2+ efflux and changes
      in [Ca2+]i by AVP completely desensitized the mesangial cells to a subsequent
      identical challenge of AVP with no cross-tachyphylaxis to other hormones. Even in
      Ca2+-free medium, AVP increased [Ca2+]i and Ca2+ efflux, but to a lesser extent.
      Under this condition, contraction of mesangial cells induced by AVP was also
      observed. Readdition of extracellular Ca2+ following the AVP-induced increase in
      [Ca2+]i caused a second and slower [Ca2+]i increase. In Ca2+-containing
      conditions, lanthanum ion-reduced AVP evoked [Ca2+]i stimulation to the value
      observed in Ca2+-free medium. The Ca2+ channel blocker, verapamil, partially
      inhibited AVP-induced Ca2+ influx but totally blocked the increase in [Ca2+]i
      induced by high K. Verapamil did not inhibit AVP-stimulated Ca2+ efflux and cell
      contraction. Dantrolene, a blocker of Ca2+ release from endoplasmic reticulum,
      inhibited AVP-stimulated Ca2+ efflux and cell contraction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3394808
TI  - Electrophysiological properties of amphibian late distal tubule in vivo.
AB  - This study was undertaken to determine the passive electrophysiological
      properties of the diffusive barriers of the late distal tubule (LDT) in Necturus.
      The transepithelial resistance (RT) determined by cable analysis was 1,130
      omega.cm2, which puts the LDT in the class of "tight" epithelia. Using two
      different methods, we did not find significant cell-to-cell electrical coupling.
      The fractional apical resistance was 0.93, and it did not vary with distance from
      the current-injecting electrode. Relative permeabilities of K+, Na+, and Cl-
      during peritubular ion concentration changes were assessed by circuit analysis.
      The conclusions are as follows. The basolateral cell membrane is highly permeable
      to K+; its apparent K+ transference number is 0.78. Basolateral chloride
      transference was very small. Sodium removal from peritubular fluid produced
      depolarization, suggesting carrier-mediated electrogenic Na+ transport. The high
      fractional resistance of the apical cell membrane prevented assessment of apical
      transference numbers. However, Cl- removal from luminal fluid produced cell
      hyperpolarization; the underlying mechanism has not been established with
      certainty. The paracellular pathway does not discriminate between Na+, Cl-, and
      some of their substitutes; it is poorly permeable to gluconate and prefers K+ to
      Na+.

PMID- 3394809
TI  - Complementary role of citrate and bicarbonate excretion in acid-base balance in
      the rat.
AB  - Studies were performed to evaluate whether alterations in the excretion of
      citrate, a metabolic precursor of bicarbonate, play a quantitatively important
      role in acid-base balance during bicarbonate feeding in the rat. Potassium
      depletion (K-DEPL), chloride depletion (Cl-DEPL), or potassium plus chloride
      depletion (KCl-DEPL) was produced by eliminating potassium, chloride, or
      potassium chloride from the diet. After 3 days of depletion, sodium bicarbonate
      (4,000 mueq/24 h) was added to the diet for 7 days. In all groups plasma
      bicarbonate concentration increased minimally during bicarbonate administration
      and was similar to normal controls receiving bicarbonate. In K-DEPL, citrate
      excretion was less than normal but bicarbonate excretion was greater than normal.
      In Cl-DEPL, bicarbonate excretion was less than normal but citrate excretion was
      greater than normal. In KCl-DEPL, bicarbonate and citrate excretion were similar
      to normal. Sodium bicarbonate was also administered to K-DEPL and KCl-DEPL rats
      in which plasma bicarbonate concentration averaged 32.9 meq/1. The reciprocal
      relationship between citrate and bicarbonate excretion was not altered by the
      profound metabolic alkalosis. Again, plasma bicarbonate concentration changed
      little with sodium bicarbonate administration. These studies suggest that the
      ability to excrete a base load remains intact despite potassium or chloride
      depletion or metabolic alkalosis. Complementary alterations of citrate and
      bicarbonate excretion play an important role in acid-base balance under these
      conditions.

PMID- 3394810
TI  - Cell membrane water permeabilities and streaming currents in Ambystoma proximal
      tubule.
AB  - An electrophysiological approach is used to analyze the possible routes of
      osmotically driven water flow across the isolated perfused Ambystoma proximal
      tubule. The minimum hydraulic conductivities (Lp) of the cell membranes were
      estimated from the initial rate of change of intracellular activities of Na+ and
      K+ in response to a step gradient of 50 or 100 mosmol/kg sucrose. The Lp of the
      apical membrane is 1.30 X 10(-4) cm.s-1.osM-1 referred to the luminal epithelial
      surface and 2.45 X 10(-6) cm.s-1.osM-1 when corrected for amplification of the
      brush border (n = 8). The Lp of the basolateral membrane is 1.42 X 10(-4) cm.s
      1.osM-1 referred to the basement membrane surface and 6.39 X 10(-6) cm.s-1.osM-1
      when corrected for the amplification of the basal and lateral membranes (n = 5).
      Transepithelial water flows were generated in either direction by a unilateral
      step increase of osmolality with 100 mosmol sucrose. Bath-to-lumen flow increased
      paracellular transepithelial resistance (R3) by 48%; lumen-to-bath flow decreased
      R3 by only 3%. A bilateral increase in the osmolality of both solutions by 50
      mosM had no significant effect on R3. Streaming potentials were observed during
      trans-epithelial water flow induced by unilateral gradients of sucrose; their
      polarity, magnitude, site of generation, and insensitivity to change of
      paracellular resistance are all indicative of water flow through paracellular
      structures, especially the lateral intercellular spaces. Contrary to earlier
      suggestions (J. M. Diamond, J. Membr. Biol. 51: 195-216, 1979), these potentials
      are not primarily diffusion potentials across anion-selective tight junctions
      resulting from solute polarization in the unstirred layers. Instead, a true
      electrokinetic basis for these streaming potentials is indicated by their
      continued presence after deletion of all Cl-. Thus water moves through both
      cellular and paracellular pathways in this epithelium.

PMID- 3394811
TI  - Effect of adenosine analogues on tubuloglomerular feedback responses.
AB  - Adenosine has been invoked as a possible mediator of the vasoconstrictor response
      elicited through the tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism. These experiments were
      undertaken to study the effect of adenosine analogues on the magnitude of the
      stop-flow pressure (SFP) feedback response. With a control solution, maximum
      change of SFP during orthograde perfusion was 6.3 +/- 0.34 mmHg. When the
      adenosine1 (A1) receptor agonists CHA, CPA, or R-PIA were present in the
      perfusate in a concentration of 10(-5) M, SFP responses were significantly
      augmented and averaged 12.6 +/- 1.9 (P less than 0.001), 12.6 +/- 0.8 (P less
      than 0.001), and 10.3 +/- 1.1 mmHg (P less than 0.02), respectively. Diminished
      responses were seen at higher concentrations of A1 analogues. The A2-receptor
      agonist NECA did not significantly modify the control response at 10(-5) M, but
      reduced its magnitude at higher concentrations. During graded increases in loop
      flow rate essentially all of the response in the presence of CPA or R-PIA
      occurred in the 0-10 nl/min flow interval, whereas the most sensitive flow rate
      range in the control tubules was between 10 and 20 nl/min. In the presence of 10(
      4) M furosemide SFP responses were abolished during perfusion with the control
      and NECA-containing solutions. In contrast, SFP fell by 11.8 +/- 1.26 mmHg and
      8.7 +/- 1.25 mmHg with CHA or CPA solutions despite the presence of furosemide.
      Perfusion with 10(-6) M CPA in an isotonic mannitol solution was associated with
      a decrease of SFP by 16.3 +/- 1.42 mmHg, whereas the mannitol solution alone
      decreased SFP by only 0.6 +/- 0.18 mmHg. Our results show that luminal
      administration of A1-receptor analogues increases SFP feedback response
      magnitude, an effect that does not require the presence of a luminal NaCl signal.

PMID- 3394812
TI  - Intracellular chloride activity of rabbit proximal straight tubule perfused in
      vitro.
AB  - To examine the cellular mechanism of Cl- transport in the proximal tubule, cell
      Cl- activity (aiCl) was measured with double-barreled Cl(-)-selective
      microelectrodes in the rabbit proximal straight tubules (PST) perfused in vitro.
      When tubules were perfused and bathed with ultrafiltrate-like solution, aiCl
      (corrected for the interference from undetermined intracellular anions, 4.2 mM)
      was 17.8 +/- 0.5 mM (n = 90), and this value was 1.3 times higher than that
      predicted from passive distribution (basolateral membrane potential, Vbl = -51.9
      +/- 0.8 mV). Reducing either luminal or bath Cl- indicated that the basolateral
      membrane plays a more important role as a determinant of aiCl. aiCl reduction
      rates induced by luminal Cl- removal was inhibited by 75% by 1 mM SITS added to
      the lumen but was not inhibited by furosemide (0.1 mM). Application of SITS in
      the lumen in the control condition, however, did not change aiCl appreciably.
      Reducing the luminal HCO3- from 25 to 5 mM did not significantly change aiCl or
      Vbl. Replacing luminal Na+ with choline decreased aiCl but these effects were
      still present when luminal Cl- was absent. We conclude that in the rabbit PST: 1)
      Cl- is taken up into the cell against the electrochemical gradient, 2) the
      basolateral membrane plays a more important role in the regulation of aiCl, and
      3) luminal Cl- transport is SITS sensitive and Na+ independent.

PMID- 3394813
TI  - Active NH4+ absorption by the thick ascending limb.
AB  - Isolated perfused medullary thick ascending limbs from rabbits were studied to
      determine the mechanism of ammonium ion absorption. Under control conditions,
      thick ascending limbs spontaneously absorbed NH4+ and generated a lumen-positive
      potential. When these tubules were chemically voltage clamped to lumen-negative
      potentials by lowering the bath NaCl concentration, NH4+ absorption persisted.
      Thus NH4+ was absorbed against an electrochemical gradient. The active flux
      accounts for most of the net flux under control conditions, the remainder being
      due to passive paracellular NH4+ diffusion. The NH4+ permeability, measured in
      separate experiments, was high (1.50 +/- 0.25 x 10(-4) cm/s) compared with values
      in other segments. The NH3 permeability was relatively low (3.1 +/- 0.5 x 10(-3)
      cm/s). Luminal furosemide (10(-4) M) eliminated most of the active NH4+ flux,
      indicating that a major fraction of the active flux is dependent on apical entry
      of NH4+ via the Na+ -K+ -2Cl- cotransporter (presumably by substitution for K+).
      The remaining active flux was completely inhibited by 10(-4) M ouabain in the
      bath. Active chloride absorption was maintained when NH4+ entirely replaced K+ in
      bath and perfusate, indicating that NH4+ substitutes for K+ on the apical
      cotransporter and the basolateral Na+ -K+ -ATPase. Ammonium absorption provides
      an active "single effect" for countercurrent multiplication of NH4+ in the renal
      medulla.

PMID- 3394814
TI  - Trigeminalectomy modifies pial arteriolar responses to hypertension or
      norepinephrine.
AB  - The responses of pial precapillary vessels were examined bilaterally using a
      closed cranial-window preparation in 11 anesthetized cats after chronic
      unilateral section of the trigeminal ganglia. During increases or decreases in
      arterial PCO2 or hypoxia, vasoconstrictor and vasodilator responses were
      symmetrical and appropriate on the two sides. The superfusion of vessels with
      norepinephrine (10 micrograms/ml) constricted large and small pial arterioles to
      a greater extent on the denervated side, and this difference persisted even after
      washing (P less than 0.02). After severe hypertension, small and large arterioles
      dilated on both sides, although to a greater extent on the innervated side. In 8
      of 10 acutely hypertensive animals, extravasation of intravenously administered
      iodinated albumin was greater in the intact than deafferented hemisphere. These
      results suggest that the trigeminal nerve can modify the responses of cerebral
      arterioles and participate in the regulation of the cerebral vasculature.

PMID- 3394815
TI  - Elevated ambient oxygen does not affect autoregulation in cat mesentery.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine whether oxygen plays a role in the
      autoregulation of blood flow in the isolated mesentery of the cat. Arteriolar
      diameter and red cell velocity were measured at normal arterial pressure and
      during 2 min of pressure reduction to 80 and 40 mmHg under ambient levels of 0,
      10, and 20% oxygen in nitrogen. Autoregulatory responses during pressure
      reductions to 80 and 40 mmHg were not significantly different under 0% oxygen
      compared with those under 10 or 20% oxygen. Also, no significant difference was
      found in the control state between the mean diameters, linear velocities, or
      volume flows under 10 and 20% oxygen compared with 0% oxygen. We also determined
      oxygen levels just under the mesentery with different ambient oxygen levels.
      These values were the same as in the ambient gas mixture, suggesting that tissue
      oxygen levels in mesentery are determined by those in the external environment.
      Oxygen levels in the abdominal cavity averaged 67 mmHg, indicating that mesentery
      is normally exposed to a high-oxygen environment. We conclude that a change in
      tissue oxygen tension is not an essential factor in the mechanism of blood flow
      autoregulation in cat mesentery.

PMID- 3394816
TI  - Synergistic effects of LTC4 and TxA2 on coronary flow and myocardial function.
AB  - Accumulation of leukocytes and platelets in the injured myocardium may influence
      coronary arteriolar resistance via release of peptidoleukotrienes and thromboxane
      A2 (TxA2). Although leukotriene C4 (LTC4) and TxA2 individually reduce coronary
      blood flow, the effects of their simultaneous administration are not known.
      Accordingly, the combined effects of intracoronary administration of synthetic
      LTC4 and thromboxane "mimic" U 46619 on coronary blood flow in patent and
      severely narrowed coronary arteries and myocardial segmental function were
      examined in eight anesthetized dogs. Administration of LTC4 and U 46619 (0.3-3
      micrograms) showed concentration-dependent reductions in coronary blood flow and
      myocardial segment shortening. When these eicosanoids (3 micrograms each) were
      administered in close sequence, coronary blood flow decreased 33% in the patent
      artery and 47% in the narrowed artery. This reduction in coronary blood flow in
      the narrowed coronary artery produced a 26% decrease in myocardial segment
      shortening. Reductions in narrowed coronary artery blood flow and myocardial
      segment shortening were greater than the sum of changes caused by LTC4 and U
      46619 administered separately (P less than 0.05). The histopathology of the
      narrowed coronary artery revealed endothelial disruption at the site of occlusion
      and an in vivo thrombus just distal to the site of occlusion. These data suggest
      marked synergism between the actions of LTC4 and TxA2, which may be released
      locally at the site of coronary thrombus, on blood flow in a severely narrowed
      coronary artery, and on segmental function in the region supplied by this vessel.

PMID- 3394817
TI  - Effects of L-propionylcarnitine on mechanical recovery during reflow in intact
      hearts.
AB  - We tested the influence of L-propionylcarnitine (LPC) in modifying mechanical
      stunning during reflow. Nineteen adolescent anesthetized swine were
      extracorporeally perfused at control coronary flows for 20 min, supplemented with
      excess fatty acids (average values 1.1 +/- 0.1 mumol/ml), and subjected to 45 min
      regional ischemia (-60 delta % decrease in anterior descending flow) followed by
      35 min reperfusion. Responses in 10 placebo hearts were compared with those
      obtained from 9 animals treated with 50 mg/kg LPC at 0 min perfusion and 40 mg/kg
      at 40 min perfusion. Ischemia in placebo hearts caused a 62.6 delta % decrease in
      active shortening in anterior descending bed, which failed to recover (-41.4
      delta % from control values) during reflow. Conversely, in LPC-treated hearts,
      decreases in active shortening (-38.6 and -11.6 delta %) during ischemia and
      reflow, respectively, were significantly smaller (P less than or equal to 0.05).
      This improved motion was associated with greater rates of myocardial oxygen
      consumption but similar levels of fatty acid oxidation and fatty acid
      intermediates. Thus LPC significantly reversed mechanical stunning in myocardial
      ischemia/reperfusion protocols, presumably because of its positive inotropic
      properties. This derivative, otherwise innocuous in nature, could represent an
      attractive new treatment choice for future clinical use.

PMID- 3394818
TI  - Effect of naloxone and ibuprofen on organ blood flow during endotoxic shock in
      pig.
AB  - The effects of an opiate antagonist naloxone and a cyclooxygenase inhibitor
      ibuprofen on organ blood flow during endotoxic shock were evaluated in a fluid
      resuscitated porcine endotoxic shock model. Radiolabeled microspheres were used
      to measure regional blood flow. Escherichia coli endotoxin (0.1 mg/kg), infused
      intravenously over 40 min, reduced mean arterial blood pressure to 50 mmHg and
      systemic vascular resistance to 57% of control without affecting cardiac output.
      Endotoxin reduced blood flow to cerebrum (to 49% of control), kidney (to 25% of
      control), spleen, and skeletal muscle, while blood flow to left ventricle,
      stomach, and small and large intestines were unaffected. Sixty minutes after
      endotoxin administration, animals were randomized to one of three groups. Group I
      animals were controls and received no drug, group II animals received ibuprofen
      (12.5 mg/kg iv), and group III animals received naloxone (2 mg/kg iv) 60 min
      after endotoxin. Ibuprofen increased mean arterial blood pressure to 80 mmHg and
      increased blood flow to both cerebrum (to 92% of control) and kidney (to 47% of
      control). Plasma levels of thromboxane B2 and 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha were
      increased 8- and 16-fold, respectively, after endotoxin, and both were decreased
      by ibuprofen. Naloxone increased mean arterial blood pressure to 62 mmHg but had
      no effect on regional blood flow or plasma cyclooxygenase metabolite levels.
      These data suggest that cyclooxygenase metabolites may contribute to decreased
      mean arterial blood pressure and reduced organ blood flow during endotoxic shock
      in the pig.

PMID- 3394819
TI  - Intracellular pH and inorganic phosphate content of heart in vivo: a 31P-NMR
      study.
AB  - Studies were performed to determine the contribution of red blood cells to the
      31P-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum of the canine heart in vivo and the
      feasibility of measuring myocardial intracellular phosphate and pH. This was
      accomplished by replacing whole blood with a perfluorochemical perfusion emulsion
      blood substitute, Oxypherol, and noting the difference in the 31P-NMR spectrum of
      the heart. NMR data were collected with a NMR transmitter-receiver coil on the
      surface of the distal portion of the left ventricle. These studies demonstrated
      that a small (approximately 10%) contribution from 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3
      DPG) and phosphodiesters in the blood could be detected. The magnitude and shift
      of these blood-borne signals permitted the relative quantification of
      intracellular inorganic phosphate (Pi) content as well as intracellular pH. Under
      resting conditions, the intracellular ATP/Pi was 7.0 +/- 0.8 (n = 19). This
      corresponds to a free intracellular Pi content of approximately 0.8 mumol/g wet
      wt. The intracellular pH was 7.10 +/- 0.01 (n = 19). Acute respiratory alkalosis
      and acidosis, with the arterial pH ranging from approximately 7.0 to 7.7,
      resulted in only small changes in the intracellular pH (approximately 0.1 pH
      unit). These latter results demonstrate an effective myocardial intracellular
      proton-buffering mechanism in vivo.

PMID- 3394820
TI  - Ventricular ejection fractions of linear transformation and ellipsoid models.
AB  - Eigenvolumes calculated from a linear transformation model were found previously
      to be linearly related to balloon volumes in excised hearts. The present study
      analyzed endocardial marker kinematics in intact, contracting left ventricles by
      biplane cinefluorography. Ejection fractions of the linear transformation model
      were compared by linear regression analysis with those of an ellipsoidal model,
      whose ejection fractions had been documented previously in closed and open-chest
      dog preparations. Data from 10 dogs indicated a correlation coefficient of 0.98
      and a regression equation with close similarity to the line of identity. Ejection
      fractions calculated from the linear transformation model are concluded to be
      proportional to actual ejection fractions in intact, beating left ventricles.

PMID- 3394821
TI  - Allopurinol does not enhance antioxidant properties of extracellular fluid.
AB  - Allopurinol has been shown to provide significant protection against
      ischemia/reperfusion-induced microvascular and parenchymal cell injury. It has
      been hypothesized that the protection seen with allopurinol after
      ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is caused by inhibition of xanthine oxidase. However,
      recent reports suggest that the beneficial effects of allopurinol in I/R may be
      caused by direct free radical scavenging. The objective of this study was to
      determine whether the regimen of allopurinol administration used in most I/R
      studies leads to a significant modification of the free radical scavenging
      properties of extracellular fluid (ECF), i.e., plasma and lymph. Plasma and
      intestinal lymph samples obtained from both control and allopurinol-treated cats
      were used to assess the following: 1) allopurinol and oxypurinol concentrations,
      2) xanthine oxidase inhibition, 3) myoglobin-catalyzed linolenic acid
      peroxidation, 4) hypochlorous acid scavenging, and 5) protein and nonprotein
      sulfhydryl content. ECF from allopurinol-treated animals contained approximately
      10 microM each of allopurinol and oxypurinol. Ten percent ECF resulted in 80%
      inhibition of xanthine oxidase activity. Comparable volumes of control ECF did
      not inhibit xanthine oxidase. Furthermore, allopurinol treatment did not enhance
      the antioxidant properties of ECF. The results of this study do not support the
      contention that the beneficial effects of allopurinol in I/R injury are caused by
      the scavenging of oxidants produced in ECF by activated granulocytes.

PMID- 3394822
TI  - Effects of ischemia on cardiac afferent sympathetic and vagal reflexes in dog.
AB  - To determine the time course of afferent sympathetic and vagal denervation after
      coronary occlusion and that of neural recovery after reperfusion, we measured the
      vasopressor responses to bradykinin and the vasodepressor responses to nicotine
      applied in a felt pad to the left ventricular epicardium of open-chest dogs.
      Shortly after latex injection of a diagonal branch of the left anterior
      descending coronary artery (LAD), the vasopressor response to bradykinin applied
      to the transmural ischemic area (n = 7) or apically to it (n = 6) was interrupted
      or attenuated. In contrast, nontransmural ischemia produced by ligation of the
      diagonal branch did not attenuate the response to bradykinin applied to the
      ischemic region (n = 6) or apically to it (n = 7). Transmural ischemia produced
      by occlusion of a diagonal branch of the LAD and a lateral marginal branch of the
      left circumflex coronary artery (n = 8) or by intraluminal balloon occlusion of
      the LAD (n = 7) decreased the vasopressor response to bradykinin applied within
      or apically to the ischemic area in less than 13 min. The vasopressor response to
      bradykinin became attenuated when the myocardial blood flow in the epicardial
      test site decreased to approximately 40% or less of the control value.
      Nontransmural ischemia produced by occlusion of a diagonal branch (n = 7)
      attenuated the vasodepressor response to nicotine applied to the nonischemic area
      apically to the occlusion in less than 13 min. A 15-min coronary occlusion
      followed by reperfusion produced reversible attenuation of afferent neural
      responses. We conclude that ischemia interrupts afferent sympathetic and vagal
      cardiac reflex responses to bradykinin and nicotine and that these alterations
      are reversible after reperfusion.

PMID- 3394823
TI  - Increased response of brachial artery diameter to norepinephrine in hypertensive
      patients.
AB  - The hyperresponsiveness of small arteries to norepinephrine is well documented in
      essential hypertensive patients. Our objective was to investigate in situ the
      reactivity to norepinephrine of the diameter of large arteries, which are
      involved in the arterial disease of hypertension as well as small arteries.
      Brachial artery diameter, blood flow velocity, local volumic blood flow, and
      local vascular resistances were determined noninvasively with a pulsed Doppler
      system in 19 patients with essential hypertension and 9 normotensive subjects,
      before and after the administration of placebo (glucose) or increasing doses of
      norepinephrine (10, 20, and 40 ng.kg-1.min-1 iv) given in a single-blind fashion.
      In hypertensive patients, norepinephrine (40 ng.kg-1.min-1) induced 1) a
      significant decrease in brachial artery diameter, local blood velocity, volumic
      flow, and conductance and 2) a small increase in mean arterial pressure. These
      hemodynamic changes did not occur in the placebo group and were significantly
      greater in hypertensive patients than in normotensive subjects, although plasma
      norepinephrine increased to the same extent in both groups. We conclude that in
      hypertensive patients the increase in vascular reactivity to norepinephrine
      involves not only the resistive vessels but also the large arteries thus
      decreasing their conducting and buffering function.

PMID- 3394824
TI  - Evaluation of whole body autoregulation in conscious dogs.
AB  - The ability of the systemic circulation to maintain cardiac output during
      decreases in arterial pressure was evaluated in conscious dogs with intact
      reflexes (n = 8) and during pharmacological blockade of the autonomic nervous
      system, angiotensin II formation, and arginine vasopressin (n = 6). Cardiac
      output was measured electromagnetically, and aortic pressure was controlled via a
      gravity reservoir connected to a carotid artery. When aortic pressure was
      decreased in either small steps to approximately 60% of control, or decreased in
      a single square-wave step to 75% of control and maintained for 2 h, cardiac
      output decreased to the same or a greater extent in both control and areflexic
      dogs. Thus total peripheral resistance did not decrease, and autoregulation of
      the cardiac output did not occur in response to short-term (less than or equal to
      2 h) decreases in arterial pressure, even in the absence of the major pressor
      systems. After long-term (greater than 8 h) decreases in arterial pressure to 75%
      of control in five dogs with all reflexes intact, significant autoregulation of
      the cardiac output occurred. The relationship between the gain of blood flow
      autoregulation and the corresponding values of mixed venous oxygen tension
      suggests that whole body autoregulation results when oxygen extraction reserve
      becomes limited.

PMID- 3394825
TI  - Hypoxanthine and lactate concentrations in lambs during hypoxic and stagnant
      hypoxia.
AB  - To determine the suitability of plasma hypoxanthine as a marker of tissue
      hypoxia, we studied the relationship of arterial plasma hypoxanthine and blood
      lactate concentrations to the cumulative O2 deficit during hypoxemia and low
      cardiac output (hypoxic and stagnant hypoxia, respectively). Eight intact,
      chronically catheterized lambs were studied using ketamine sedation. Comparable
      reductions in O2 transport and consumption were produced with each form of
      hypoxia. Lactate was linearly related to O2 deficit during both forms of hypoxia,
      although the slope of the regression was greater for low cardiac output (0.049)
      than hypoxemia (0.032). Hypoxanthine was linearly related to cumulative O2
      deficit only during low cardiac output. During hypoxemia, hypoxanthine
      concentration initially increased but plateaued with further increases in O2
      deficit. The discrepancy in response of hypoxanthine was most likely caused by
      differences in the rate of elimination between stagnant and hypoxic hypoxia. We
      concluded that plasma hypoxanthine concentration was not a reliable marker for
      tissue hypoxia because it differed with the cause of O2 deprivation and did not
      necessarily reflect the severity of O2 deprivation.

PMID- 3394827
TI  - Ionic basis of depressed automaticity and conduction by acetylcholine in rabbit
      AV node.
AB  - To investigate the ionic mechanisms underlying the negative chrono- and
      dromotropic effects of acetylcholine (ACh) on the atrioventricular (AV) node,
      experiments were carried out in rabbit AV node preparations with the use of
      double-microelectrode techniques. In current-clamp experiments (n = 6), 10(-6) M
      ACh hyperpolarized the resting membrane from -42.3 to -58.2 mV, decreased the
      specific membrane resistance from 2.54 to 1.27 k omega.cm2, decreased the space
      constant from 556 to 384 microns, and reduced the membrane time constant from
      23.0 to 12.4 ms. Under voltage-clamp conditions, 10(-6) M ACh decreased the slow
      inward current by 11% and activated an ACh-sensitive outward K+ current (IACh).
      IACh possessed an inward rectifying property and exhibited a relaxation
      phenomenon with a time constant of 60-100 ms at a membrane potential of 0 to -80
      mV. Its reversal potential varied with a slope factor of 56 mV per 10-fold
      increase in external K+ concentration. These results suggest that 1) IACh is
      selective for K+, 2) IACh inhibits phase 4 and phase 0 depolarizations and
      reduces the space constant for electronic current spread in the AV node, and 3)
      the negative chrono- and dromotropic actions caused by IACh may be augmented by
      the ACh-induced reduction in the slow inward current.

PMID- 3394826
TI  - The stunned myocardium: effect of electrical and mechanical arrest and
      osmolarity.
AB  - After relatively short periods of ischemia, reperfusion for several hours, or
      even days, is required to facilitate complete recovery of the ATP stores and
      mechanical function. The term "stunned" has been applied to these hearts. In the
      present experiments, isolated, spontaneously beating and electrically paced rat
      hearts were made ischemic for 10 min and then reperfused with Krebs-Henseleit
      buffer (KH) for up to 30 min. On reperfusion, functional recovery was impaired
      and the inotropic effect of Ca2+ blunted. In these experiments, the effect of a
      period of electrical and/or mechanical quiescence before the ischemic episode was
      investigated. Electrical quiescence was obtained by raising the KH K+
      concentration, whereas mechanical without electrical quiescence was obtained by
      lowering the KH Ca2+ concentration or adding 2,3-butanedione monoxime (BDM).
      Mechanical arrest caused by low Ca2+ perfusion before ischemia failed to improve
      functional recovery on reperfusion. However, introducing a high K+ perfusate or
      BDM for a few minutes before ischemia significantly improved the recovery during
      reperfusion. This improvement was neither caused by energy preservation nor an
      altered "reflow area". The improvement may be caused by the increased osmolarity
      of KH containing high K+ or BDM, since adding 10 mM sucrose to KH for an
      equivalent time before ischemia improved recovery and abolished the blunted
      inotropic effect of Ca2+.

PMID- 3394828
TI  - Effects of arginine vasopressin on cerebral microvascular pressure.
AB  - The goal of this study was to examine effects of arginine vasopressin and
      angiotensin on cerebral microvascular pressure and segmental vascular resistance.
      We measured pressure (servo-null) in pial arteries that were approximately 200
      micron in diameter and cerebral blood flow (microspheres) in anesthetized cats,
      and we calculated resistance of large and small cerebral vessels. Resistance of
      large arteries (greater than 200 micron diam) was approximately 45% of total
      cerebral vascular resistance under control conditions. Vasopressin (40 mU/kg iv)
      decreased resistance of large arteries by 22 +/- 7%, increased pial artery
      pressure by 10 +/- 2 mmHg when aortic pressure was maintained at control levels,
      and increased small vessel resistance by 27 +/- 11%. This increase in small
      vessel resistance apparently was an autoregulatory response to the increase in
      pial pressure. Cerebral blood flow was not changed (38 +/- 4 vs. 37 +/- 3 ml.min
      1.100 g-1). Intravenous infusion of angiotensin (2 micrograms.kg-1.min-1)
      increased large artery resistance by 32 +/- 6%, decreased pial artery pressure 6
      +/- 3 mmHg with aortic pressure maintained constant, and decreased cerebral blood
      flow by 12 +/- 1%. Thus circulating vasopressin, at concentrations similar to
      those observed during hemorrhage, selectively dilates large cerebral arteries and
      increases microvascular pressure without changes in cerebral blood flow. In
      contrast to vasopressin, angiotensin selectively increases resistance of large
      cerebral arteries and decreases cerebral microvascular pressure. Thus vasopressin
      and angiotensin, at doses that have minimal effects on cerebral blood flow, may
      play an important role in regulation of cerebral microvascular pressure.

PMID- 3394829
TI  - Quantification of regional myocardial dysfunction after acute ischemic injury.
AB  - Quantification of myocardial performance after regional ischemic injury is
      difficult because available performance indexes are markedly dependent on
      concurrent load changes. To develop a more load-insensitive index of myocardial
      function during ischemia, eight conscious dogs were instrumented to measure left
      ventricular pressure with micromanometers and myocardial segment length with
      ultrasonic dimension transducers. Preload was varied by transient vena caval
      occlusion during control conditions, after 15 min of coronary occlusion, and at
      intervals during 24 h of reperfusion. Acute ischemia shifted the linear
      relationship between segmental stroke work (SW) and end-diastolic segment length
      (EDL) rightward, diminishing the slope and increasing the chi-intercept. Preload
      recruitable work area (PRWA), defined as the area under the SW-EDL curve,
      reflected changes in both slope and intercept. During acute ischemia,
      conventional performance indexes and PRWA decreased significantly and required up
      to 24 h of reperfusion to return to control values. Of all parameters examined,
      PRWA was most responsive to prolonged ischemic dysfunction after reperfusion and
      was insensitive to concurrent load changes. Thus PRWA provides improved precision
      in quantifying of myocardial dysfunction after regional ischemic injury. This
      parameter should be especially useful in assessing the subtle effects of acute
      interventions designed to modify functional recovery.

PMID- 3394830
TI  - Parathyroid hormone effects on skeletal exchangeable calcium and bone blood flow.
AB  - The effects of alterations in serum calcium levels on the volume of distribution
      of a calcium tracer in bone and on bone blood flow were investigated in dogs by
      manipulation of parathyroid status. The volume of distribution increases with
      increasing serum calcium. This implies that there is a concentration-dependent
      binding mechanism in the extravascular space of bone, which is not saturated at
      the levels of serum calcium achieved in these experiments. The skeletal
      exchangeable calcium was increased in hypercalcemic dogs and decreased in
      hypocalcemic dogs. Cancellous bone contains proportionately more exchangeable
      calcium than cortical bone. Bone blood flow was decreased by 50% 15 min after
      injection of a bolus of parathyroid hormone (PTH) but returned to control values
      by 240 min. Fifty-two hours after the induction of hypercalcemia with repeated
      doses of PTH, there was no difference in blood flow over control animals.

PMID- 3394831
TI  - Propylthiouracil, but not other antithyroid treatments, lengthens hamster
      circadian period.
AB  - Two experiments were performed to evaluate the role of the thyroid gland as a
      mediator of circadian rhythms in the hamster. In experiment 1, the antithyroid
      drug propylthiouracil (PTU) lengthened the circadian period (tau), increased
      thyroid weight, and eliminated detectable thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine
      (T3) from blood. A low-iodine diet greatly reduced T4 levels but had no effect on
      T3 or tau. Treatment with 500 microCi of 131I failed to alter any parameter of
      physiology or rhythmicity measured. In this experiment, some animals in the low
      iodine and PTU groups had greatly reduced testes sizes, and testes size was
      inversely correlated with change in tau. In experiment 2, T4 and T3 levels
      detected 11 wk after surgical thyroidectomy were significantly less than those
      found in sham-operated animals, but concentrations of the two hormones varied
      widely across the thyroidectomized group. Thyroidectomy did not increase tau
      either 4 or 11 wk after surgery, nor was there evidence from individuals that
      level of thyroid function was associated with change in tau. The results from
      these experiments suggest that diminished thyroid function is not causal of
      lengthened circadian period.

PMID- 3394832
TI  - CCK-8 decreases food intake and gastric emptying after pylorectomy or
      pyloroplasty.
AB  - Specific binding sites for cholecystokinin (CCK) in the gastrointestinal tract of
      the adult rat are limited to the gastroduodenal region and are concentrated in
      the circular muscle of the pyloric sphincter. To determine the relationship of
      these pyloric muscle binding sites to the inhibition by CCK of food intake and of
      gastric emptying, these inhibitory effects of CCK were investigated in rats that
      had the pyloric sphincter surgically removed or that had the pyloric sphincter
      contractile mechanism damaged by a pyloroplasty procedure. CCK-8 decreased food
      intake and gastric emptying significantly in rats after pylorectomy or
      pyloroplasty. This demonstrates that an intact pyloric sphincter is not necessary
      for these inhibitory effects in rats. Because we found autoradiographic evidence
      for CCK receptors near the gastroduodenal anastomosis, however, the results
      suggest either that these receptors mediated the inhibition of food intake and
      emptying by CCK-8 or that these effects depend on CCK receptors in other
      locations.

PMID- 3394834
TI  - Satiating effect of fat in diabetic rats: gastrointestinal and postabsorptive
      factors.
AB  - Streptozotocin-diabetic rats decrease food intake more than normal animals in
      response to a fat test meal. To determine the physiological basis of this
      differential response, we examined the effects of an ingested corn oil meal on
      food intake, gastrointestinal fill, and plasma triglycerides, glycerol, and
      ketone bodies. Hyperphagic diabetic rats decreased intake of a high-carbohydrate,
      low-fat stock diet starting 2-4 h after the fat meal, whereas normal rats did
      not. Gastric emptying was accelerated and intestinal mass and contents were
      increased in diabetic rats. The fat meal reduced gastric emptying and increased
      stomach contents in diabetic and normal rats starting within 2 h of ingestion.
      Intestinal fill decreased in diabetic animals after the oil meal. Triglycerides
      and glycerol increased transiently after fat ingestion in normal and diabetic
      rats, whereas ketone body concentrations rose only in diabetic rats starting 1-3
      h after fat ingestion. The results indicate that the differential effect of a fat
      meal on food intake in normal and diabetic rats is related to differences in the
      postabsorptive metabolism of the ingested fat rather than to effects of fat
      feeding on gastrointestinal fill or clearance.

PMID- 3394833
TI  - Spatial map of salts and saccharides on dog tongue.
AB  - Front and rear regions of dog tongue were tested for spatial heterogeneity with
      respect to monovalent chloride salts (NaCl, KCl, and NH4Cl) and sweet tastants
      (sucrose, D-glucose, and L-glucose) by placing them in Ussing chambers where the
      open-circuit potential, Voc, and short-circuit current, Isc, were measured. The
      responses of Voc and Isc to 0.5 M NaCl were greater in the front of the tongue
      than in the rear, whereas the responses of Voc and Isc to 0.5 M sucrose were
      greater in the rear of the tongue than in the front. These results are similar to
      those of published neurophysiological measurements from the chorda tympani nerve
      and thalamus. These data suggest that the spatial heterogeneities seen in higher
      taste centers are present in the isolated lingual epithelium where primary taste
      transduction events occur.

PMID- 3394835
TI  - Group housing accelerates growth and induces obesity in adult hamsters.
AB  - To determine whether variable body heat loss may influence control of growth and
      regulation of body fat content in hamsters, mature female hamsters were housed
      for 7-14 wk in one of three conditions: individually in metal cages (n = 6),
      individually in plastic boxes with bedding (n = 6), or communally (6 per box) in
      plastic boxes with bedding. Their resting metabolic rate (RMR) was measured
      individually or in pairs of two between days 65 and 75. When thermal properties
      of shelter varied alone, singly housed hamsters regulated energy balance fairly
      accurately by compensatory changes in food intake, and their rate of growth was
      unaffected. In contrast, group housing induced acceleration of growth and obesity
      without hyperphagia, was associated with an acute inhibition of RMR in hamsters
      tested in pairs, and was associated with a chronic inhibition of RMR in hamsters
      tested individually. We conclude that conspecific body contact in mature group
      housed hamsters accelerates somatic growth and increases fat deposition. Energy
      for this anabolism is derived, in part, from reduced RMR and, in part, from a
      slight increase in food consumption.

PMID- 3394836
TI  - A novel endogenous sugar acid depolarizes ventromedial hypothalamic neurons in
      vitro.
AB  - 2-Buten-4-olide (2-B-4-O) has been identified in the serum of fasted rats and
      proved to act as a feeding suppressant. The effect of 2-B-4-O on neurons in the
      ventromedial hypothalamic (VMH) nucleus was investigated with intracellular
      recordings in brain slice preparations of rats. 2-B-4-O, applied by perfusion
      (0.1-10 mM) or drops (50-100 mM), dose dependently depolarized 30% of the VMH
      neurons tested. The depolarization by 2-B-4-O application persisted after
      complete elimination of synaptic inputs during perfusion with Ca2+-free/high-Mg2+
      solution. The depolarization, accompanied by a decrease in membrane conductance,
      reversed polarity around -95 mV and was dependent on extracellular K+
      concentration. The VMH neurons depolarized by 2-B-4-O had some specific
      electrophysiological properties corresponding with those of glucoreceptor
      neurons. The results suggest that 2-B-4-O directly excites VMH neurons, presumed
      to be glucoreceptor neurons, by decreasing K+ conductance, and this effect may
      participate in the feeding suppressive action of 2-B-4-O.

PMID- 3394837
TI  - Cholecystokinin inhibits independent ingestion in neonatal rats.
AB  - The ability of the octapeptide of cholecystokinin (CCK-8) to inhibit independent
      ingestion was examined in 8-h deprived 1- to 10-day-old rat pups consuming milk
      from the surface of a test chamber. CCK significantly reduced the volume of milk
      ingested in 1-day-old rat pups at a dose of 100 ng/kg. The threshold effective
      dosage for inhibition of intake increased with age up to 10 days of age. The
      specificity of this suppression was evaluated in three ways. First, behavioral
      observation indicated that ingestive but not noningestive behaviors were
      suppressed by CCK. Second, desulfated CCK-8 was ineffective in suppressing milk
      ingestion. Finally, CCK inhibited milk intake stimulated by deprivation but did
      not affect dehydration-induced milk ingestion in 3-day-old rat pups. In addition
      to inhibiting intake, CCK inhibited the rate of gastric emptying of saline test
      meals in 1- and 3-day-old rat pups, and the threshold dosages for this
      suppression were identical to the thresholds for the inhibition of ingestion.
      These results indicate that the gastrointestinal peptide CCK is both behaviorally
      and physiologically active in newborn rat pups and support a role for gastric
      inhibition in the satiety action of CCK.

PMID- 3394838
TI  - Increase in vagal activity during hypotensive lower-body negative pressure in
      humans.
AB  - Progressive central hypovolemia is characterized by a normotensive, tachycardic
      stage followed by a reversible, hypotensive stage with slowing of the heart rate
      (HR). We investigated circulatory changes and arterial hormone concentrations in
      response to lower-body negative pressure (LBNP) in six volunteers before and
      after atropine administration. LBNP of 55 mmHg initially resulted in an increase
      in HR from 55 +/- 4 to 90 +/- 5 beats/min and decreases in mean arterial pressure
      (MAP) from 94 +/- 4 to 81 +/- 5 mmHg, in central venous pressure from 7 +/- 1 to 
      3 +/- 1 mmHg, and in cardiac output from 6.1 +/- 0.5 to 3.7 +/- 0.11/min.
      Concomitantly, epinephrine and norepinephrine levels increased. After 8.2 +/- 2.3
      min of LBNP, the MAP had decreased to 41 +/- 7 mmHg and HR had decreased to 57 +/
      3 beats/min. Vasopressin increased from 1.2 +/- 0.3 to 137 +/- 45 pg/ml and
      renin activity increased from 1.45 +/- 4.0 to 3.80 +/- 1.0 ng.ml-1.h-1 with no
      further changes in epinephrine, norepinephrine, and vasoactive intestinal
      polypeptide. A tardy rise in pancreatic polypeptide indicated increased vagal
      activity. After atropine. LBNP also caused an initial increase in HR, which,
      however, remained elevated during the subsequent decrease in MAP to 45 +/- 6 mmHg
      occurring after 8.1 +/- 2.4 min.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3394839
TI  - Muramyl dipeptide-induced sleep and fever: effects of ambient temperature and
      time of injections.
AB  - Sleep-promoting factors isolated from rabbit brain and human urine enhance slow
      wave sleep (SWS) when administered to rabbits and other mammalian species. These
      substances were identified as muramyl peptides (MPs). A simple synthetic chemical
      analogue to these substances, N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine (or MDP for
      muramyl dipeptide), was also found to enhance SWS. MDP is also pyrogenic and can
      alter rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. However, the effects of MDP on rabbit REM
      sleep and the relationship between thermoregulation and MDP-altered sleep have
      not been investigated. We tested, therefore, MDP in rabbits. We found that 1)
      intracerebroventricular administration of 125 pmol of MDP reduced REM sleep time
      from 10 +/- 3% of total recording time after vehicle to 4 +/- 3%; 2) a
      stereoisomer of MDP, N-acetylmuramyl-D-alanyl-D-isoglutamine, failed to have any
      effects on the sleep and temperature parameters measured; 3) acute elevation of
      ambient temperature from 21 to 27 degrees C enhanced SWS (37 +/- 3-55 +/- 3%) but
      not REM sleep; 4) at 27 degrees C MDP further enhanced SWS to 67 +/- 3% and its
      REM sleep suppression effect persisted; and 5) intravenously injected MDP had
      greater effects on body temperature during light hours than if administered
      during dark hours. We conclude that MDP reduces REM sleep in rabbits, that its
      effects on thermoregulatory processes depend on the time of injection, and that
      the effects of the thermoregulatory process on sleep are independent of, in part,
      the effects of MDP on sleep.

PMID- 3394840
TI  - Measurement of 2H2O by IR absorbance in doubly labeled H2O studies of energy
      expenditure.
AB  - The energy expenditure of animals in their natural surroundings can be determined
      by measuring the turnover in body water of isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen. We
      evaluated the use of infrared spectrophotometry for measuring 2H2O in small (20
      microliters) water samples also labeled with 18O. For 2H2O over the enrichment
      range of 0.1-1 atom%, there was a linear relationship between infrared absorbance
      and 2H2O enrichment. 2H2O enrichments could be measured with a precision and
      accuracy of less than or equal to 1%, using this relationship. The presence of
      18O in water samples in enrichments of up to 1 atom% had no significant effect on
      measurement of 2H2O by infrared absorbance. We measured the simultaneous turnover
      rates of 2H2O and 3H in mice and turtles also labeled with 18O. Our results
      validated the use of infrared absorbance in doubly labeled water measures of
      energy expenditure and indicated that the fractionation factors in vivo for 2H2O
      and 3H do not differ.

PMID- 3394841
TI  - Progressive activation of paratrigeminal nucleus during entrance to hibernation.
AB  - The paratrigeminal nucleus (Pa5) undergoes a progressive increase in its uptake
      of 2-[14C]deoxyglucose (2DG) relative to other brain structures during entrance
      to hibernation in the ground squirrel. This highly significant increase results
      in the Pa5 becoming the most highly labeled brain region during hibernation, even
      though it exhibits one of the lowest levels of 2DG uptake in the brain during the
      nonhibernating state. The progressive activation of the Pa5 observed during
      entrance is reversed during arousal from hibernation. These observations and the
      neuroanatomical projections of the Pa5 implicate this nucleus as playing a role
      in the entrance and maintenance of the hibernating state.

PMID- 3394842
TI  - A comparison of cholecystokinin-induced changes in gastric emptying and feeding
      in rats.
AB  - We have compared the abilities of the cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) to
      delay gastric emptying and to influence feeding under similar experimental
      conditions in the rat. The effect of CCK-8 on gastric emptying was assessed in 6
      h-deprived rats receiving 10-ml intragastric test loads of 0.15 M saline or 15%
      (wt/vol) sucrose. Analysis of half-emptying times indicated that intraperitoneal
      administration of CCK-8 in doses of 1.4-22.4 micrograms/kg produced a dose
      dependent retardation of emptying of both saline and nutrient. Lower doses of CCK
      8, 0.01 and 0.1 micrograms/kg, had no effect on gastric emptying. The effect of
      CCK-8 on feeding was assessed in normally feeding rats tested under the same
      experimental conditions used in the gastric emptying studies. Doses of CCK-8
      capable of retarding gastric emptying also suppressed eating in a dose-dependent
      manner. These findings provide necessary correlational support for the hypothesis
      that the satiety produced by CCK-8 may be mediated by inhibition of gastric
      emptying. However, a further quantitative analysis of the correspondence of the
      gastric emptying and feeding effects of CCK-8 suggest that retardation of
      emptying cannot account entirely for the satiety effect of the peptide.

PMID- 3394843
TI  - Electroencephalogram analysis of non-rapid eye movement sleep in rats.
AB  - Sleep states and power spectra of the electroencephalogram were determined for
      consecutive 4-s epochs during 24 h in rats that had been implanted with
      electrodes under deep pentobarbital anesthesia. The power spectra in non-rapid
      eye movement sleep (NREMS) showed marked trends: low-frequency activity (0.75-7.0
      Hz) declined progressively throughout the 12-h light period (L) and remained low
      during most of the 12-h dark period (D); high-frequency activity (10.25-25.0 Hz)
      rose toward the end of L and reached a maximum at the beginning of D. Within a
      single NREMS episode (duration 0.5-5.0 min), slow-wave activity (0.75-4.0 Hz)
      increased progressively to a plateau level. The rise was approximated by a
      saturating exponential function: although the asymptote level of the function
      showed a prominent 24-h rhythm, the time constant remained relatively stable
      (approximately 40 s). After short interruptions of NREMS episodes, slow-wave
      activity rose more steeply than after long interruptions. The marked 24-h
      variation of maximum slow-wave activity within NREMS episodes may reflect the
      level of a homeostatic sleep process.

PMID- 3394844
TI  - Hemodynamic responses to vasopressinergic antagonism in water-deprived conscious
      rats.
AB  - Experiments were performed on conscious, chronically instrumented rats to
      determine the role of arginine vasopressin (AVP) on the systemic and regional
      hemodynamic effects of 48-h water deprivation. Arterial and venous catheters as
      well as pulsed Doppler flow probes were implanted in rats to measure cardiac
      output (CO), mesenteric blood flow (MBF), renal blood flow (RBF), or hindquarter
      blood flow (HQBF). After adequate recovery from surgey, euhydrated animals were
      administered a specific V1-vasopressinergic antagonist [d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)AVP, 10
      micrograms/kg iv], a combined V1, V2-antagonist [d(CH2)5DTyr(Et)VAVP, 30
      micrograms/kg iv], or saline vehicle (100 microliter/100 g). Neither antagonist
      was associated with any change in mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), heart rate
      (HR), systemic or regional flow or vascular resistance. All animals were
      subsequently water deprived for 48 h, at which time the experiments were
      repeated. Dehydration was associated with an increase in plasma AVP levels,
      hematocrit, and MABP but with a decrease in HR. Administration of either the
      combined V1, V2-antagonist or vehicle had no effect on any systemic or regional
      hemodynamic variables measured after 48-h dehydration. In contrast, although
      MABP, CO, MBF, and RBF were unaffected, V1-antagonism resulted in elevated HR,
      increased HQBF, and decreased hindquarter vascular resistance. In conclusion, AVP
      does not have a major effect on systemic hemodynamics in the dehydrated rat.
      However, certain beds may be affected by the relatively moderate levels of plasma
      AVP elicited during dehydration.

PMID- 3394846
TI  - Integrated metabolic control of food intake after 2-deoxy-D-glucose and nicotinic
      acid injection.
AB  - We measured the minute-to-minute respiratory quotient (RQ), total metabolic rate,
      and the intensity and energy cost of locomotor activity in unrestrained rats with
      a recently developed open-circuit metabolic device. These measures permitted
      calculation of the resting metabolic rate (designated metabolisme de fond or MF).
      Simultaneous monitoring of the meal patterns of the animals allowed correlations
      between MF and feeding behavior. The major hypotheses proposed to account for the
      onset of feeding were challenged by pharmacological inhibition of the utilization
      of glucose and/or lipids. When injected together, 2-deoxy-D-glucose, which blocks
      glucose utilization, and nicotinic acid, which blocks lipid utilization, had a
      synergistic effect on MF and on the feeding response. The RQ, which reflects the
      relative rate of glucose-to-lipid utilization, showed that neither the inhibition
      of utilization of glucose nor the inhibition of utilization of lipids could
      account for the magnitude of the feeding response. The signal that best accounted
      for these examples of experimentally induced feeding is ischymetric (power or
      rate of energy) in nature rather than solely glucostatic or solely lipostatic.

PMID- 3394845
TI  - Enzymatic and transport characteristics of isolated snake renal brush-border
      membranes.
AB  - Brush-border membranes (BBM) of proximal tubules were isolated from the kidney of
      the garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis) by a procedure involving hypotonic lysis,
      Ca precipitation, and differential centrifugation. The isolated membranes were
      enriched 15-fold in brush-border enzyme activities (alkaline phosphatase, gamma
      glutamyl transpeptidase) compared with whole kidney homogenates and were
      substantially free of other contaminating membranes. The yield of the BBM
      preparation was 40%. The BBM vesicular transport of several organic solutes was
      characterized by a rapid filtration technique at 25 degrees C. D-glucose, p
      aminohippurate (PAH), and urate entered the same osmotically active space (2-3
      microliter/mg protein) and binding was minimal (less than 20% for PAH). An uptake
      overshoot for 3-O-methyl-D-glucose (20 microM) by reptilian BBM was observed only
      in the presence of an inwardly directed NaCl gradient and was abolished by 0.1 mM
      phlorizin. Reptilian BBM exhibited Na-gradient-stimulated uptake of PAH (90
      microM) with an overshoot that was inhibited by other organic acids and by 4
      acetamido-4'-isothiocyanostilbene-2, 2'-disulfonic acid (SITS). In contrast,
      urate uptake (30 microM) appeared to be Na independent and not appreciably
      affected by other organic anions or SITS. The presence of specific transport
      systems for organic solutes in the isolated membrane preparation distinctly
      characterizes the BBM of reptilian kidney.

PMID- 3394847
TI  - Norepinephrine turnover in iron deficiency at three environmental temperatures.
AB  - Iron-deficient anemic rats had a significant elevation in urinary norepinephrine
      (NE) after 7 days at 30 and 24 degrees C, but not at 10 degrees C, compared with
      control animals. NE turnover studies were performed to examine sympathetic
      nervous system activity in a tissue-specific fashion. NE content in myocardium
      decreased by nearly 50% in hypertrophied iron-deficient hearts at all three
      temperatures, whereas fractional turnover rates were compensatorily increased. In
      contrast, interscapular brown adipose tissue NE turnover was significantly
      reduced to 30% of normal in iron-deficient animals at both 30 and 10 degrees C.
      Serum triiodothyronine concentrations were similar to controls at 30 degrees C
      but were decreased at lower temperatures. Serum tetraiodothyronine concentrations
      were lower in iron-deficient animals at all three environmental temperatures. We
      conclude that increased sympathetic nervous system activity compensatory to
      temperatures below thermoneutrality is less well controlled in iron-deficient
      animals than in controls, and at a low environmental temperature this may
      possibly explain the poor thermoregulatory capacity of iron-deficient animals. A
      generalized hypernoradrenergic state is not supported by our NE turnover study
      and does not explain the elevated urine NE concentrations.

PMID- 3394848
TI  - H+ homeostasis, osmolality, and body temperature during controlled NaCl and H2O
      intake.
AB  - Arterial PCO2, arterial [H+] ([H+]a), electrolytes, and osmolality, as well as
      rectal temperature (Tre), were monitored in six awake dogs over sequential 12- or
      13-day periods in which their NaCl intake was first less than 5 meq/day, then
      approximately 120 meq/day, and finally less than 5 meq/day. Water intake was
      maintained constant at 77 ml.kg-1.day-1 throughout. During low-NaCl periods,
      decreases in body and plasma water, indicated by weight loss did not prevent
      lower arterial [Na+] ([Na+]a), arterial [Cl-] ([Cl-]a), and osmolality relative
      to the high-NaCl period. During high dietary NaCl, the arterial strong ion
      difference [[SID]a = ([Na+]a + [K+]a) - (arterial [lactate-] + [Cl-]a)] was
      lower. From physicochemistry, this lowered [SID]a results in a higher [H+]a.
      However, independent of NaCl intake, [H+]a was positively correlated with plasma
      osmolality; moreover, [H+]a, relative to plasma osmolality, was higher at lower
      Tre than at higher Tre. We speculate that this spectrum of plasma osmolality and
      body temperature may contribute to the creation of an appropriate protein pK to
      match plasma [H+]a. We also found that the difference between plasma [protein]
      (measured by the biuret test) and [ATOT]a (an estimation of plasma protein as
      total weak acid from physicochemistry) was related to plasma osmolality, [SID]a,
      and [Na+]a. These latter relations may reflect the effect of plasma water
      concentration (osmolality) and strong ions on the pK of plasma proteins.

PMID- 3394849
TI  - DSM-III, draft DSM-III-R, and the diagnosis and prevalence of bulimia in
      Australia.
AB  - A self-report questionnaire for bulimic symptoms was administered to three
      different groups of community residents and to patients in a hospital's weight
      disorders unit and its dietetics department. The prevalence of DSM-III bulimia
      was 12.7% among female community residents, while the prevalence of draft DSM-III
      R bulimia was 1.7%. The questionnaire, scored to reflect DSM-III, categorized as
      bulimic large numbers of patients who were not given that diagnosis by
      clinicians. The draft DSM-III-R criteria seemed more closely aligned to clinical
      experience.

PMID- 3394850
TI  - Case review and quantity of outpatient care.
AB  - Case review for patients belonging to a health maintenance organization was
      implemented in a hospital-based, multidisciplinary, outpatient clinic after the
      influx of 28,000 Medicaid enrollees. One-year follow-up of 138 patients with
      prepaid mental health insurance and 283 patients with fee-for-service mental
      health insurance revealed an annual mean of 6.1 treatment sessions; 78% completed
      treatment within eight sessions. The modal treatment was a single visit. Prepaid
      and fee-for-service patients did not differ in amount of care, although
      significant differences were found for insurance subgroups. These preliminary
      results suggest that case review has little effect on quantity of care.

PMID- 3394851
TI  - Growth hormone response to edrophonium in patients with Alzheimer's disease and
      normal control subjects.
AB  - The authors found that growth hormone (GH) response to edrophonium was no
      different in 12 Alzheimer's disease patients than in eight healthy elderly
      subjects. Previously reported differences could be due to differences in gender
      or baseline GH concentrations between patients and control subjects.

PMID- 3394852
TI  - Effect of sodium valproate in three patients with organic brain syndromes.
AB  - Three patients with organic and affective symptoms related to multiple sclerosis
      or systemic lupus erythematosus responded dramatically to sodium valproate after
      other treatments had failed.

PMID- 3394853
TI  - Occult thyroid dysfunction in patients with refractory depression.
AB  - Assessment of metabolic rate was useful in evaluating refractory depression in
      six of 15 women. Five of the six had normal levels of T3 and T4; however, each
      had an elevated thyrotropin-stimulating hormone level or a low metabolic rate.
      The depressions responded to medication with thyroid hormone.

PMID- 3394855
TI  - DSM-III axis I diagnoses of Indian psychiatric patients with somatic symptoms.
AB  - When DSM-III criteria were applied to 123 Indian psychiatric outpatients with
      predominantly somatic symptoms, the most common axis I diagnoses were dysthymic
      disorder (36.6%) and generalized anxiety disorder (11.4%). Thirty-nine percent of
      the patients fitted only into atypical diagnostic categories.

PMID- 3394856
TI  - Carbamazepine-induced isolated thrombocytopenia.

PMID- 3394854
TI  - Evidence for atypical depression in Parkinson's disease.
AB  - The Research Diagnostic Criteria were applied to 16 depressed patients with
      Parkinson's disease and 20 depressed multiple sclerosis patients. Diagnoses of
      anxiety and panic disorder were significantly more frequent among the patients
      with Parkinson's disease. These patients may experience atypical depression.

PMID- 3394857
TI  - Combined drug therapy for an elderly depressed patient.

PMID- 3394858
TI  - Tolerance of a high dose of haloperidol by an elderly patient.

PMID- 3394859
TI  - Intractable hiccups treated with amitriptyline.

PMID- 3394861
TI  - Laws on mandatory reporting of suspected child sexual abuse.

PMID- 3394860
TI  - Hemifacial flushing during unilateral ECT.

PMID- 3394862
TI  - New information on polydipsia and hyponatremia in psychiatric patients.

PMID- 3394863
TI  - Zar: a traditional method of healing in Africa and the Middle East.

PMID- 3394864
TI  - Psychiatric disorder and endometriosis.

PMID- 3394865
TI  - Hoigne's syndrome and doom anxiety.

PMID- 3394866
TI  - The spectrum concept and prevalence of neuroleptic malignant syndrome.

PMID- 3394867
TI  - The phase-shift hypothesis of seasonal affective disorder.

PMID- 3394868
TI  - Premenstrual exacerbation of binge eating in bulimia.

PMID- 3394869
TI  - Effect of bromocriptine in hyperprolactinemia.

PMID- 3394870
TI  - Aims of therapy and research.

PMID- 3394871
TI  - Axis IV of DSM-III.

PMID- 3394872
TI  - Lorazepam: therapeutic for catatonic schizophrenia?

PMID- 3394873
TI  - Need for differential therapeutics.

PMID- 3394874
TI  - Psychotherapy practice and reimbursement.

PMID- 3394875
TI  - Neuropsychiatry as a subspecialty of psychiatry.

PMID- 3394876
TI  - Conceptual and methodological issues in comparative studies of psychotherapy and
      pharmacotherapy, I: Active ingredients and mechanisms of change.
AB  - There has recently been an increased focus on comparing the effectiveness of
      drugs and psychotherapy in the treatment of mental disorders. The marked
      differences between these two treatment forms raise many conceptual and
      methodological problems for the investigator. In a two-part series, the authors
      discuss a number of these conceptual issues and their implications for research
      design, implementation, and interpretation of findings. Part I focuses on
      differences in the active ingredients and hypothesized mechanisms of change of
      psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy. Issues addressed include the need for
      standardization of treatments, adequate delivery of treatments, and controlling
      for factors other than the active ingredients of each treatment.

PMID- 3394877
TI  - PET imaging of cortical S2 serotonin receptors after stroke: lateralized changes
      and relationship to depression.
AB  - Patients with right-hemisphere strokes (N = 9) more than 1 year after injury had
      greater cortical binding of (3-N-[11C]methyl)spiperone than a similar group of
      patients with left-hemisphere strokes (N = 8) or normal control subjects (N =
      17). The higher S2 serotonin receptor binding occurred in uninjured regions of
      the right parietal and temporal cortex. The ratio of binding in the ipsilateral
      to contralateral cortex showed a significant negative correlation with severity
      of depression scores in the left temporal cortex. These findings suggest that the
      biochemical response of the brain may be different depending on which hemisphere
      is injured and that some depressions may be a consequence of the failure to
      upregulate serotonin receptors after stroke.

PMID- 3394878
TI  - Patterns of thought disorder associated with right cortical damage,
      schizophrenia, and mania.
AB  - The authors used the Thought Disorder Index to measure thought disorder in 23
      patients with unilateral right hemisphere cortical damage, 20 patients with
      bipolar mania, and 25 patients with schizophrenia. There were no differences in
      the total amount of thought disorder in these groups, but each showed a unique
      pattern of thought disorder. Patients with right hemisphere damage displayed
      fragmented thinking, manic patients displayed playful thinking, and schizophrenic
      patients displayed idiosyncratic thinking. These findings support the view that
      thought disorder is manifested in different forms that are relatively specific to
      psychiatric or neurological condition.

PMID- 3394879
TI  - A new scale for the assessment of depressed mood in demented patients.
AB  - Twenty-one subjects with clinically diagnosed dementia of the Alzheimer type were
      rated on the Dementia Mood Assessment Scale, a new instrument intended to measure
      the severity of depressed mood in cognitively impaired patients. Ratings were
      based on direct observation and a semistructured interview of the patient.
      Interrater reliability was established. There were highly significant
      correlations between patients' scores on the instrument's 17-item depression
      subscale and their scores on global measures of depression and sadness. The
      potential usefulness of this new scale in assessing the severity of depression in
      demented patients longitudinally or under drug treatment conditions is discussed.

PMID- 3394880
TI  - Anxiety disorders in mid-adolescence: a community sample.
AB  - The authors report the 6-month period prevalence of anxiety disorders in a
      community sample of 150 adolescents 14 to 16 years old. Diagnoses were based on
      structured psychiatric interviews, DSM-III criteria, and a psychiatrist's review
      of the data. Additional measures of affect, self-concept, and coping were also
      obtained for all subjects. Seventeen percent of the adolescents met criteria for
      one or more anxiety diagnoses and 8.7% were identified as "cases" of anxiety
      disorder. A significant relationship was found between anxiety and depression.
      The authors discuss the distribution and expression of anxiety disorders among
      adolescents in the community.

PMID- 3394881
TI  - Predictors of violence in civilly committed acute psychiatric patients.
AB  - The authors investigated the relationship between community violence and violence
      in the hospital for patients hospitalized through emergency civil commitment. The
      medical charts of 238 patients involuntarily admitted to a university-based acute
      inpatient unit were reviewed for evidence of violence during the 2 weeks before
      commitment and the first 72 hours of hospitalization. Patients who were violent
      in the community were more likely to be violent in the hospital. A discriminant
      function analysis was used to identify the combination of information concerning
      community violence and patient background characteristics that most efficiently
      predicted which patients were violent during emergency commitment.

PMID- 3394882
TI  - Epidemiologic evidence for early onset of mental disorders and higher risk of
      drug abuse in young adults.
AB  - Data from the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Epidemiologic Catchment
      Area Program, an epidemiologic survey of five communities, showed that four major
      disorders commonly begin in late adolescence or young adulthood. The median age
      at onset for anxiety disorders is 15 years; for major depressive episode, 24
      years; for drug abuse or dependence, 19 years; and for alcohol abuse or
      dependence, 21 years. Findings also suggest that for respondents 18-30 years old,
      having a major depressive episode or anxiety disorder doubles the risk for later
      drug abuse or dependence.

PMID- 3394884
TI  - The Journal's new program of statistical review.

PMID- 3394883
TI  - Fictional depiction of suicide in television films and imitation effects.
AB  - Studies of imitative suicide by viewers of fictional depictions of suicide in
      television films have produced contradictory findings. Using a nationwide sample
      of cases of suicide, the author found no evidence for increased numbers of
      suicides after broadcast of three films. However, some support was found for an
      imitation effect specific to the depiction of a suicide method in one of these
      films (p less than 0.05). To the extent that fictional presentations of suicide
      may serve as stimuli for imitative behavior, the effect appears to depend on a
      complex interaction among characteristics of the stimulus, the observer of that
      stimulus, and conditions of time and geography.

PMID- 3394885
TI  - Preschool children's erroneous allegations of sexual molestation.
AB  - Occasionally, a preschool child may erroneously accuse a parent of molestation.
      When this occurs, the child usually believes that his or her story is correct. A
      false accusation can be made when an adult has persuaded a child that the sexual
      events actually occurred, when a child in the oedipal stage has misinterpreted
      caregiving ministrations, when a child's thought processes are confused by
      primary process material, or when a child is secondarily involved in the
      projective identifications of a dominant caregiver. More than one of these
      mechanisms may operate in a given case.

PMID- 3394887
TI  - Colon trauma: further support for primary repair.
AB  - During a 5 year period, 137 patients who sustained intraperitoneal colon injuries
      were retrospectively analyzed. One hundred fourteen were considered for
      evaluation. The method of colon wound management and infectious complications
      thought to be secondary to the colon wound were reviewed. These patients were
      admitted to the trauma service and underwent exploratory laparotomy for their
      injuries. The penetrating abdominal trauma index, as well as other risk factors,
      were evaluated for their efficacy in predicting potential complications
      associated with the colon wound. Sixty-four percent of patients were managed by
      primary closure, 27 percent by end colostomy or end ileostomy, and 9 percent by
      exteriorization of the injury. The complication rates for these categories were
      18, 42, and 40 percent, respectively. There were no significant differences in
      complications in terms of location and mode of injury. This review confirms that
      the presence of shock, transfusion (4 or more units), significant contamination,
      and associated injuries (evaluated by the penetrating abdominal trauma index)
      contribute to the development of complications. There were no disruptions of the
      suture line in the primary closure group. We believe that infections and septic
      complications are secondary to the original injury to the colon and not related
      to the method of repair. Primary repair of all colon wounds not requiring
      resection may be feasible. Prospective evaluation of that approach is indicated.

PMID- 3394888
TI  - Gastric juice factors after Roux-Y reconstruction compared with Billroth II
      partial gastrectomy.
AB  - Gastric juice was studied in five patients after Billroth II partial gastrectomy,
      in six patients after Roux-Y reconstruction, and in eight healthy control
      subjects. Juice was obtained over a 24 hour period by hourly nasogastric
      aspiration prior to measurement of pH, total and stable N nitrosocompounds,
      nitrites, bile acids (total and free), and bacterial count. Large variations in
      almost all compounds were seen during the 24 hour period in individual patients,
      and in addition, there were large variations between patients within the clinical
      groups. The gastric juice pH concentration was higher in the Billroth II group,
      as was the bacterial flora count (median 3 X 10(6) organisms/ml). Although Roux-Y
      bile diversion reduced the exposure to bile acids, it did not prevent it, and
      bacterial proliferation was increased (1 X 10(7) organisms/ml). No significant
      differences or sizeable trends were seen in N nitrosocompounds or nitrite
      concentrations.

PMID- 3394886
TI  - Imipramine and social-vocational adjustment in chronic depression.
AB  - The authors compared the effects of 6 weeks of imipramine treatment with 6 weeks
      of placebo treatment on social and vocational impairment in chronic depression.
      Imipramine was associated with significantly greater pre- to posttreatment
      improvement of social-vocational impairments in chronic depression, suggesting
      that these impairments may have represented affective symptoms rather than
      characterologic deficits.

PMID- 3394889
TI  - Triglyceride and cholesterol content in bile, blood, and gallbladder wall.
AB  - Cholesterol gallstone disease is frequent in Chile compared with other countries,
      as is cholesterolosis of the gallbladder. The purpose of this study was to
      determine any differences in bile composition and cholesterol content in the
      gallbladder wall and serum of patients compared with findings in patients with
      gallstones and control subjects. In control subjects, cholesterol content of the
      gallbladder wall was determined in autopsy material. Patients with
      cholesterolosis had bile composition similar to that of patients with gallstones,
      with supersaturation of cholesterol in the bile. Also, these patients had
      increased levels of cholesterol in the gallbladder wall but normal serum
      cholesterol levels. These findings suggest that altered bile composition occurs
      in patients with cholesterolosis and gallstones.

PMID- 3394890
TI  - Increased platelet count as a screening test for distal splenorenal shunt
      patency.
AB  - Hypersplenism was not relieved by distal splenorenal shunting in 46 of 47
      Japanese patients with nonalcoholic cirrhosis of the liver. However, the platelet
      count significantly increased by 40 percent of the preoperative value, whereas
      the increment in the white blood cell count was nil. Though the platelet count in
      47 patients with a patent shunt did not significantly differ from that in another
      7 patients with an occluded shunt, the rate of increase was significantly higher
      in those with patency than in those with early occlusion throughout the
      postoperative period and in those with late occlusion 6 months after operation.
      The increased rate of the platelet count can thus serve to screen patients for
      shunt patency.

PMID- 3394891
TI  - The practicing doctor's perspective on the surgical curriculum.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to identify deficiencies of surgical clerkship and
      residency curricula in the training of family physicians. Responses to a survey
      from 202 practicing family practitioners were analyzed. Orthopedics,
      otolaryngology, urology, neurosurgery, and cardiovascular surgery were surgical
      specialty areas where more than 40 percent of the respondents thought they had
      spent too little time. Learning objectives were either not presented or were used
      ineffectively, according to the majority of respondents. Fifty percent believed
      that indicating a career interest in family medicine resulted in a negative bias
      toward them during the surgery clerkship. Over 45 percent thought they were
      moderately or totally unprepared at the completion of their training to perform
      several basic surgical procedures. The results of this survey indicate the need
      for an increased allocation of curricular time to several surgical specialties
      and an augmented emphasis on outpatient experiences within the surgical
      curriculum.

PMID- 3394892
TI  - Squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland.
AB  - We present the clinical manifestations and details of treatment and outcome for
      eight patients with squamous cell cancer arising in the thyroid gland, which is a
      rare entity. All patients had advanced disease, with primary tumors invading
      adjacent structures (the trachea, esophagus, and major vessels). In two patients,
      pulmonary metastases were also present. Six patients died 6 months or less after
      diagnosis, five from the effects of local disease. Transient palliation was
      obtained in four patients who underwent partial excision (three patients) and
      radical radiotherapy (one patient). Two patients remained free of disease at last
      follow-up more than 4 years after gross total tumor resection and radical
      radiotherapy and were presumably cured. One patient treated by partial resection
      and radical radiotherapy died from other causes 17 months later. His disease
      status was unknown. Complete excision with postoperative radiotherapy may be
      curative, and debulking followed by external irradiation may provide short-term
      palliation. Patients with unresectable tumors are best managed by supportive
      measures only unless a truly effective chemotherapeutic regimen is developed for
      squamous cell cancer of the head and neck.

PMID- 3394893
TI  - Intraabdominal operations in patients with leukemia.
AB  - We reviewed results of intraabdominal operations in 23 patients with acute or
      chronic leukemia to address morbidity, mortality, and factors associated with
      complications. We found a higher mortality rate among those who had emergency
      procedures as opposed to elective procedures. Three of four patients who needed
      reoperation and all four patients with ischemic or perforated viscus died, all
      from sepsis. Factors such as age, preoperative leukocyte or granulocyte count, or
      preoperative use of steroids or antineoplastic drugs did not affect the outcome.
      We therefore recommend early surgical intervention in these patients, even in the
      face of granulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, or active medical treatment.

PMID- 3394894
TI  - Thoracic outlet syndrome.
AB  - The diagnosis and treatment of thoracic outlet syndrome based on a personal
      experience with 473 patients resulted in relief of symptoms in over 90 percent of
      patients treated operatively. The diagnosis centers on a thorough history and the
      exclusion of other causes of arm and shoulder pain, utilizing a strict flow
      pattern of differential diagnosis. Angiography and electromyography are of
      limited value and should only be performed in selected cases. Operation should be
      reserved for the thoroughly evaluated patient who continues to have pain despite
      adequate conservative therapy. Transaxillary removal of the first rib,
      fibromuscular bands, and cervical rib, when present, is the operation of choice.

PMID- 3394896
TI  - Splayed handle surgical scissors.
AB  - Splayed handle surgical scissors have distinct advantages over conventional
      scissors that limit hand fatigability. The ringlet configuration of the splayed
      scissors conforms to the normal resting posture of the hand. In addition,
      surgeons can apply greater force to the splayed scissor ringlets than that which
      could be applied to the ringlets of conventional scissors.

PMID- 3394895
TI  - Preoperative irradiation and 5-fluorouracil suppository for carcinoma of the
      rectum.
AB  - For prevention of local recurrence of rectal carcinoma postoperatively, we
      attempted to use preoperative irradiation, 5-fluorouracil suppository, or both.
      When 5-fluorouracil was employed, it produced a remarkably high drug
      concentration in the rectum and regional lymph nodes. 5-fluorouracil suppository
      alone did not increase the 5 year postoperative survival rate. Preoperative
      irradiation combined with 5-fluorouracil suppository (combined treatment group)
      produced shrinkage of tumor size in 18 of 23 patients, including tumor
      disappearance in 2 patients, whereas irradiation alone produced shrinkage of
      tumor size in 13 of 24 patients. Cancer invasions to the external wall of the
      rectum and lymph node metastases, which were the most influential factors on
      local rectal recurrence postoperatively, were significantly reduced by
      preoperative combined treatment.

PMID- 3394897
TI  - Effect of bromocriptine and ergometrine on striatal acetylcholine content in the
      rat.

PMID- 3394898
TI  - [Anesthesia of elderly patients in urology. Analysis of 527 procedures in
      patients over 80].

PMID- 3394899
TI  - [Combination of bupivacaine and fentanyl in long-term epidural analgesia during
      labor].

PMID- 3394900
TI  - [Fatal poisoning caused by the combination propafenone-amitriptyline; apropos of
      a case].

PMID- 3394901
TI  - [Effect of dyshemoglobinemia (methemoglobinemia and carboxyhemoglobinemia) on
      accuracy of measurement in pulse oximetry in operations of long duration].
AB  - In two groups - eleven patients each - who underwent long lasting surgical
      procedures, arterial oxygen saturation was measured non-invasively (pulse
      oximeter) and invasively (CO-oximeter). In addition, total haemoglobin (THb),
      fractions of haemoglobin (metHb) and bloodgases were monitored. All patients of
      group I received an epidural anaesthesia via catheter with prilocaine combined
      with general anaesthesia. In group II a modified neurolept analgesia (balanced)
      was performed. As expepted we found a prilocaine-induced methaemoglobinaemia
      (metHb up to 11.6 Vol%) whereas in group II physiological values were not
      exceeded. Carboxyhaemoglobin up to 4 Vol% was found in the smokers of both
      groups, which decreased continuously - in contrast to metHb - during hyperoxic
      ventilation. Comparing the non-invasively and the invasively determined
      saturations no correlation (r = -0.002) was found in group I. However, a positive
      correlation (r = 0.652) was obtained in group II. After correction of SaO2 (pulse
      oximeter) using an adjusted formula a fair correlation (0.613) was found in group
      I, too. Using this equation for correction the correlation in group II increased
      to r = 0.824. Because of methodological facts (the pulse oximeter registers only
      desoxygenated haemoglobin) the arterial oxygen desaturation (O2Hb or fractional
      saturation) accompanying dyshaemoglobinaemia remains undetectable to the pulse
      oximeter. In the cases of known or expected dyshaemoglobinaemia pulse oximetry
      can yield only limited information; fractions of inactive haemoglobin should be
      measured by other means or accounted for by the given equation for correction
      (SaO2 corr. = SaO2 pulse oximeter - (COHb + metHb]. Pathophysiological effects of
      dyshaemoglobinaemia are discussed.

PMID- 3394902
TI  - [Anesthesia induction agents and granulocyte adherence].
AB  - The influence of clinically relevant concentrations of thiopentone sodium,
      methohexitone, and etomidate on polymorphonuclear neutrophilic granulocyte (PMN)
      adherence was investigated in vitro by using nylon fibre columns. The three
      induction agents produced dose-dependently a significant (p less than 0.01)
      reduction in adherence. This effect is possibly related to increased risk of
      postoperative bacterial infection. Further studies on this problem are
      recommended.

PMID- 3394903
TI  - [Anxiety, magic, suggestion, hypnosis and the role of the anesthesist].
AB  - The physiological as well as the psychological consequences of anxiety are
      represented, and the negative effect of stress onto the immune response is dealt
      with. Under competent supervision visualization of the frightening event can help
      to dissolve anxiety. The subjects participation in an 'as if' action may be
      understood as a magical act. The supporting physician may without knowing or
      quite purposefully use suggestive or hypnotic induction techniques.

PMID- 3394904
TI  - [Pheochromocytoma: blood volume and hemodynamics].
AB  - In 12 patients with phaeochromocytoma total blood volume (TBV) prior to and after
      treatment with phenoxybenzamine and the haemodynamic changes during surgery were
      determined. Our results were analysed with regard to the standard of our
      anaesthesiological management. The mean TBV was reduced in 6 of 12 patients.
      Great individual variations were found after treatment with phenoxybenzamine. In
      6 patients alpha-blockade induced an increase of TBV (+ 10%), 2 patients showed
      no changes and 4 a decrease of TBV (-18%). Haemodynamic measurements prior to
      induction of anaesthesia revealed a reversal of catecholamine induced
      cardiovascular changes. During tumour manipulation the supply of vasodilatators
      not only prevented hypertensive crises but also induced a marked decrease of
      systemic vascular resistance. All patients received controlled volume loading
      until tumour removal, leading to progressive increase in pulmonary capillary
      wedge pressure and cardiac index. Hypotension or left ventricular failure never
      occurred. Thus, deep anaesthesia and continuous application of vasodilatators
      during tumour preparation are the main factors to prevent left ventricular
      failure from increased systemic vascular resistance and oxygen consumption.

PMID- 3394905
TI  - [Heparin elimination and free hemoglobin following cell separation and washing of
      autologous blood with Cell Saver 4].
AB  - Haemoseparation is used for recovery of autologous blood following cardiac
      surgery protecting patients from various hazards accompanying homologous blood
      transfusion. Former studies demonstrated that autotransfusion did not increase
      blood loss after cardiac surgery despite reduced plasma and platelets following
      centrifugation and washing of oxygenator content. The purpose of our study was to
      determine the content of heparin and unbound haemoglobin in autologous packed red
      cells. METHODS. 10 consenting patients undergoing cardiac surgery (table 1) were
      investigated. Immediately after termination of bypass blood samples were
      collected from the oxygenator and from autologous blood following concentration
      and washing with saline solution in the Haemonetics Cell-Saver 4. Contents of
      haemoglobin, haematocrit, heparin - with and without addition of antithrombine
      III - and unbound haemoglobin were analysed. RESULTS. Mean duration of
      extracorporeal circulation was 100.4 minutes. The oxygenators' volume averaged
      2089.9 ml blood with a haemoglobin content of 6.7 g/dl and a haematocrit of
      20.4%. This was reduced to 660.8 ml autologous blood with a haemoglobin content
      of 17.9 g/dl and a haematocrit of 57.2% (table 2). The heparin content of the
      oxygenator blood was 0.47 U/ml without AT III, and with AT III 0.87 U/ml.
      Autologous blood contained 0.009 U/ml without AT III; with AT III we measured
      0.41 U/ml heparin. Unbound haemoglobin content amounted to 11.4 mg/dl in the
      oxygenator blood and 71.8 mg/dl in the autologous blood (table 3). CONCLUSIONS.
      Our results demonstrate that autologous blood following concentration and washing
      of the oxygenator blood with a Haemonetics Cell-Saver 4 contains heparin, but the
      amount of heparin is not enough to provoke bleeding after retransfusion.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3394906
TI  - [Effect of continuous mechanical hemofiltration on the pharmacokinetics of
      antibiotics exemplified by mezlocillin].
AB  - Pharmacokinetics of mezlocillin (70 mg/kg as an infusion) were investigated in 8
      patients with multiorgan failure undergoing continuous veno-venous
      haemofiltration (CVVH) due to acute renal failure (HF-group) in comparison to 8
      intensive care patients with an uneffected renal system (control group).
      Mezlocillin concentration were studied in blood, ultrafiltrate and urine (control
      group). Elimination of mezlocillin was prolonged in the HF-group with a t1/2 of
      170 min in comparison to 109 min in the control patients. No relevant absorption
      at the haemofilter membrane could be observed. With regard to our results a dose
      reduction and intermittend application of mezlocillin is suggested; in addition,
      monitoring of drug levels in critically ill patients becomes of increasing
      interest, especially during haemofiltration.

PMID- 3394907
TI  - [Acute lowering of blood pressure by infusion of hyperosmolal sorbitol solution
      in brain operations. Dangerous adverse effect or favorable side effect?].
AB  - Osmotherapy with sorbitol 40% during intracranial surgery using neurolept
      analgesia usually produced acute decreases in arterial blood pressure.
      Haemodynamical measurements during intraoperative infusions of sorbitol in 97
      patients showed a rapid decrease of arterial mean pressure from 91 to 72 mm Hg.
      In 22 of these patients cardiac output measurements were performed. Increases of
      cardiac index from 2.5 to 4.3 l/min x m2 could be found. The hypotensive side
      effect can be used for treatment of reactive arterial hypertension in
      neurosurgical patients during surgery where this therapy is advantageous per se
      because of its cerebral dehydrating effects. The decrease of blood pressure is
      obviously caused by peripheral vasodilatation. Cardiac disturbances were not
      observed. Other side effects, especially the danger of hereditary fructose
      intolerance are discussed.

PMID- 3394908
TI  - A double-blind comparative study of three formulations of diazepam in volunteers.
AB  - The sedation and subsequent recovery following administration of three
      formulations of diazepam (propylene glycol, mixed micelle and lipid emulsion)
      were compared in a randomised, double-blind, crossover study of twelve male
      volunteers. Following intravenous injections of 10 mg of each formulation,
      sedation was assessed for ten minutes using a six-point ordinal sedation score
      and subsequent recovery was assessed using a psychomotor/sedation battery
      including simple reflex time, letter deletion test, a simple arithmetic exercise,
      digit recall and a linear analogue sedation scale. Diazepam in propylene glycol
      was found to be more sedating that diazepam, either in a lipid formulation or as
      mixed micelles and appeared faster in its rise to peak effect than the lipid
      formulation. Subsequent recovery did not differ between the three groups. A
      significant increase in the level of sedation achieved by the preparations was
      found with each study day indicating that subject or testing factors were also
      important in determining the sedative response. Our results suggest that the new
      solvent systems, and in particular the lipid emulsion, primarily alter initial
      drug efficacy.

PMID- 3394909
TI  - Fentanyl pretreatment modifies anaesthetic induction with etomidate.
AB  - Haemodynamic changes and side-effects of induction of anaesthesia with etomidate
      were evaluated in 60 ASA Class I or II patients. The objective was to find an
      optimal pre-induction dose of fentanyl which eliminated haemodynamic changes and
      side-effects during induction and intubation without introducing other problems.
      Patients were randomly assigned to four groups according to the pretreatment dose
      of fentanyl (Group I = 2 ml normal saline; Group II = 100 micrograms of fentanyl;
      Group III = 250 micrograms of fentanyl; Group IV = 500 micrograms of fentanyl)
      administered intravenously five minutes prior to induction of anaesthesia with
      etomidate, 0.3 mg/kg. There was an increasing incidence of apnoea (53, 87, 87 and
      100% in Groups I-IV respectively) and a decreasing incidence of myoclonus (60,
      33, 13 and 0% in Groups I-IV respectively) and injection pain (53, 13, 7 and 0%
      in Groups I-IV respectively), P less than 0.002 chi-square test for linear
      trends, with increasing fentanyl dosage. The incidences of postoperative nausea
      and vomiting were similar in the four groups. There were also significant linear
      regression relationships (P less than 0.01 ANOVA for linear regression) between
      increasing doses of fentanyl administered before etomidate and the prevention of
      increases in systolic blood pressure and heart rate during the induction
      intubation sequence. The data demonstrate that increasing pre-induction doses of
      fentanyl are more effective at minimising side-effects and preventing increases
      in systolic arterial blood pressure and heart rate but also increase the
      incidence of apnoea during induction. The results suggest that 500 micrograms of
      fentanyl is an ideal pretreatment dose in fit patients prior to anaesthetic
      induction with etomidate.

PMID- 3394910
TI  - Hypoxia in children following general anaesthesia.
AB  - The oxygen saturations of 152 children were studied for the first 30 minutes
      following general anaesthesia with a pulse oximeter. Thirty-six patients (24%)
      recorded oxygen saturations of less than 90% while breathing room air and in all
      cases this occurred during the first ten minutes. Intubation (P less than 0.001),
      use of muscle relaxants (P less than 0.01), intravenous induction (P less than
      0.01) and duration of anaesthesia of greater than one hour (P less than 0.02)
      were all associated with an increased incidence of hypoxaemia. There was no
      significant correlation with age, weight, procedure, time to wakening, or use of
      opiates. Clinical signs correlated poorly with hypoxaemia and it is recommended
      that all children should receive supplementary oxygen during transport to
      recovery wards and for at least the first ten minutes in recovery following
      general anaesthesia.

PMID- 3394911
TI  - Arterial oxygen saturation in anaesthetised patients during transfer from
      induction room to operating room.
AB  - There is no published study that examines oxygenation of anaesthetised patients
      during transport from anaesthesia induction room to operating room. Arterial
      oxygen saturation (SaO2) was measured in twenty-five anaesthetised patients
      before and during transfer to an adjacent operating room and continuously
      recorded on a calibrated chart recorder. A telemetry ECG recorder was used to
      detect cardiac dysrhythmias. All anaesthetists followed their usual anaesthetic
      practice. Patients ventilated via face-mask and via endotracheal tube were
      studied. During transfer patients were either apnoeic (n = 8) or breathing room
      air spontaneously (n = 17). Mean SaO2 before induction was 95.4 (SD 2.5)%, was
      higher after induction of anaesthesia, 98.5 (SD 1.4)% and fell after transfer,
      95.7 (SD 2.6)%. A fall in SaO2 was recorded for 21 patients. No SaO2 value below
      90% was seen. The decrease in SaO2 was related to the time taken to transfer the
      patients and spontaneous ventilation (Multiple regression analysis); it was not
      related to the body mass index although two of the greatest decreases were seen
      in obese patients. Transfer time averaged 51 seconds (range: 24-97 s). No changes
      in cardiac rhythm were seen. Transfer of anaesthetised patients was accompanied
      by variable falls in SaO2 which related to duration of transfer and spontaneous
      breathing of room air and which were not associated with new dysrhythmias.

PMID- 3394912
TI  - Epidural anaesthesia for caesarean section: a comparison of 0.5% bupivacaine and
      2% lignocaine both with adrenaline.
AB  - Thirty-eight women having caesarean section under epidural anaesthesia received
      either lignocaine 2% or bupivacaine 0.5% both with adrenaline 1:200,000 in a
      double-blind, randomised study. The time to establish satisfactory surgical
      anaesthesia, the volume required and the quality of analgesia as assessed by the
      anaesthetist, patient pain and discomfort scales and patient approval, were not
      significantly different. Motor block assessed by the Bromage and RAM-test was
      greater in the lignocaine group but surgical opinion of abdominal wall relaxation
      was not significantly different between groups. The bupivacaine group had
      significantly longer durations of sensory and motor block while the lignocaine
      group had a higher incidence of maternal shivering, other complication rates
      being similar. Neonatal outcomes were uniformly good. Both local anaesthetics
      provided satisfactory epidural anaesthesia and neither proved to have a distinct
      advantage in the clinical setting of this study.

PMID- 3394913
TI  - The effects of calcium channel blocking drugs on halothane initiation of
      malignant hyperthermia in MHS swine and on the established syndrome.
AB  - We have investigated in malignant hyperthermia susceptible swine in vivo the
      effects on halothane initiation of the MH syndrome and on the established
      syndrome of five calcium channel blocking drugs--nifedipine, nisoldipine,
      diltiazem, verapamil and flunarazine. Nifedipine alone caused attenuation of
      halothane-initiated malignant hyperthermia to the extent of blocking onset of the
      syndrome in 29% of animals for the 60 minute period of exposure. In the face of
      the established malignant hyperthermia syndrome, all the drugs tested were
      therapeutically completely ineffective.

PMID- 3394915
TI  - A Seldinger technique for minitracheostomy insertion.
AB  - Minitracheostomy is a valuable technique in patients with sputum retention.
      However, insertion of a minitracheostomy tube over a dilator passed through an
      incision through the cricothyroid membrane (the suggested method of insertion of
      the 'Mini-trach II', [Portex]), can prove difficult. A Seldinger method is
      described which results in easier and more reliable placement in difficult cases.

PMID- 3394914
TI  - Co-administered oral metoclopramide does not enhance the rate of absorption of
      oral diazepam.
AB  - Intravenous metoclopramide is known to increase the rate of absorption of oral
      diazepam if administered at the same time. It has been suggested that oral
      metoclopramide has the same effect. In this study, six healthy volunteers
      received oral diazepam (0.2 mg/kg) on two separate occasions, either alone or
      with oral metoclopramide (10 mg), given simultaneously. In contrast to the
      effects of intravenous metoclopramide, oral metoclopramide did not increase the
      rate of absorption of oral diazepam.

PMID- 3394916
TI  - Refractory bronchospasm following 'Haemaccel' infusion and bupivacaine epidural
      anaesthesia.

PMID- 3394917
TI  - Congenital tracheal stenosis in an adult, complicated by asphyxial pulmonary
      oedema.

PMID- 3394918
TI  - Severe tetrodotoxic fish poisoning.

PMID- 3394919
TI  - A case of malignant hyperthermia.

PMID- 3394922
TI  - Twelfth Australian and New Zealand Scientific Meeting on Critical Care. Dunedin,
      New Zealand, September, 1987. Abstracts of papers.

PMID- 3394920
TI  - A case of impossible intubation.

PMID- 3394921
TI  - Partial reversal of the obesity hypoventilation syndrome with weight reduction.

PMID- 3394923
TI  - Circle system disconnection.

PMID- 3394924
TI  - Locum work in the Pacific.

PMID- 3394925
TI  - Microphone stethoscope.

PMID- 3394926
TI  - Nitrous oxide abuse.

PMID- 3394927
TI  - Cocaine and adrenaline paste (reply)

PMID- 3394928
TI  - Kinking of the Mera-F-Circuit.

PMID- 3394929
TI  - Acidimetric assay for phospholipase A using egg yolk suspension as substrate.
AB  - A convenient acidimetric assay for phospholipase A using egg yolk suspension as
      substrate has been developed. The substrate mixture consists of 1 part egg yolk,
      1 part 8.1 mM sodium deoxycholate, and 1 part 18 mM calcium chloride.
      Phospholipase A activity is measured by following the initial rate of pH change,
      which is linear between pH 8.0 and 7.75 and is proportional to enzyme
      concentration over a wide range. The assay is highly reproducible, with a
      coefficient of variation of 3%, and as sensitive as most established assays for
      phospholipase A. The assay uses inexpensive and easily available substrate and is
      simple to perform. It is particularly useful for monitoring phospholipase A
      activity in chromatography fractions.

PMID- 3394930
TI  - Reversed-phase ion-pair chromatography of straight- and branched-chain
      dicarboxylic acids in urine as their 2-nitrophenylhydrazides.
AB  - The derivatization of urinary dicarboxylic acids with 2-nitrophenylhydrazine
      hydrochloride produced corresponding monohydrazides, which were separated from
      monocarboxylic acid hydrazides by two step extraction with ethyl acetate at
      different pH values. Monohydrazides of 11 straight- and branched-chain
      dicarboxylic acids were eluted isocratically on reversed-phase ion-pair
      chromatography within 24 min by the combination of pH, the polarity of mobile
      phase, and the size of counter ion. The analytical results showed good recovery
      and reproducibility using 3,3-dimethyglutaric acid as an internal standard. The
      present method provides a notable HPLC method with precolumn derivatization for
      the analysis of urinary dicarboxylic acids.

PMID- 3394931
TI  - Determination of inositol phosphates and other biologically important anions by
      ion chromatography.
AB  - Ion chromatography has been applied to the simultaneous, multi-component
      determination of biologically important anions. More than 20 different
      biologically important anions were separated on high performance ion-exchange
      columns and detected using chemically suppressed conductivity. Application of the
      technique to the separation of inositol mono-, bis-, and trisphosphates shows
      that these compounds can be separated from the other ions tested and can be
      detected at concentrations that may be found in vivo. For inositol monophosphate,
      the conductivity was proportional to the amount of compound from less than 20
      pmol to more than 400 nmol. Although alternative methods are available for
      assaying each of these anions individually, the advantages of ion chromatography
      lie in the sensitivity of detection, the speed of separation, and the ability to
      simultaneously determine numerous ions. This method should be broadly applicable
      to studies of second messengers, measurements of reaction rates, and various
      metabolic studies.

PMID- 3394933
TI  - Preparation of eumelanin-related metabolites 5,6-dihydroxyindole, 5,6
      dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid, and their O-methyl derivatives.
AB  - 5,6-Dihydroxyindole (5,6DHI) and 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid (5,6DHI2C)
      are ultimate precursors of the black melanin, eumelanin. These indolic
      metabolites and their O-methyl derivatives are excreted in urine of melanoma
      patients at high levels and of healthy persons at low levels. We describe here a
      simplified procedure for preparing milligram to subgram quantities of 5,6DHI and
      5,6DHI2C and their O-methyl derivatives. Dopachrome generated in situ by
      ferricyanide oxidation of dopa at pH 6.5 underwent spontaneous decarboxylation to
      give 5,6DHI in 40% isolation yield, while treatment of dopachrome with alkali at
      pH 13 afforded 5,6DHI2C in 38% isolation yield. Two isomeric O-methyl derivatives
      of 5,6DHI were prepared by treatment with diazomethane, while those of 5,6DHI2C
      were prepared by treatment with diazomethane followed by alkaline hydrolysis of
      the methyl esters. 5,6DHI and 6-hydroxy-5-methoxyindole were also obtained by
      heating the corresponding carboxylic acids in decalin. 5-Hydroxy-6-methoxyindole
      and 6-hydroxy-5-methoxyindole-2-carboxylic acid could also be prepared by
      debenzylation of the commercially available O-benzyl derivatives.

PMID- 3394932
TI  - A high pressure liquid chromatographic method for the separation and quantitation
      of water-soluble radiolabeled benzene metabolites.
AB  - The glucuronide and sulfate conjugates of benzene metabolites as well as muconic
      acid and pre-phenyl- and phenylmercapturic acids were separated by ion-pairing
      HPLC. The HPLC method developed was suitable for automated analysis of a large
      number of tissue or excreta samples. p-Nitrophenyl [14C]glucuronide was used as
      an internal standard for quantitation of these water-soluble metabolites.
      Quantitation was verified by spiking liver tissue with various amounts of
      phenylsulfate or glucuronides of phenol, catechol, or hydroquinone and analyzing
      by HPLC. Values determined by HPLC analysis were within 10% of the actual amount
      with which the liver was spiked. The amount of metabolite present in urine
      following exposure to [3H]benzene was determined using p-nitrophenyl
      [14C]glucuronide as an internal standard. Phenylsulfate was the major water
      soluble metabolite in the urine of F344 rats exposed to 50 ppm [3H]benzene for 6
      h. Muconic acid and an unknown metabolite which decomposed in acidic media to
      phenylmercapturic acid were also present. Liver, however, contained a different
      metabolic profile. Phenylsulfate, muconic acid, and pre-phenylmercapturic acids
      as well as an unknown with a HPLC retention time of 7 min were the major
      metabolites in the liver. This indicates that urinary metabolite profiles may not
      be a true reflection of what is seen in individual tissues.

PMID- 3394934
TI  - A bioluminescent assay for the determination of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
      activity in nanogram-sized tissue samples.
AB  - A highly specific and sensitive assay for the determination of
      phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) in nanogram-sized tissue samples is
      described. This test system is based on the stoichiometric transformation of
      phosphoenolpyruvate into ATP. In a subsequent step ATP is quantified by
      bioluminescent techniques. The applicability of this assay system is shown by
      measurements in liver samples with normal and high PEPCK activity levels.

PMID- 3394935
TI  - Purification of residualizing glycoconjugate labels for protein by reversed-phase
      high-pressure liquid chromatography.
AB  - Residualizing labels are radioactive or fluorescent tracers used for identifying
      the tissue and cellular sites in which circulating proteins are catabolized in
      the body. When attached to protein the labels do not affect normal mechanisms of
      protein catabolism, but remain at the cellular site of protein uptake, after the
      carrier protein itself is degraded to diffusible catabolites. Until recently
      these labels consisted of biologically indigestible carbohydrates attached to a
      radioactive reporter molecule. In this report we describe the synthesis and
      purification of a new fluorescent residualizing label, N,N-dilactitol-N'
      fluoresceinyl-ethylenediamine. The label is prepared by first derivatizing
      ethylenediamine 1:1 with fluorescein isothiocyanate and then coupling lactose to
      the remaining primary amino group by reductive amination. A rapid one step
      purification of this and other glycoconjugate labels by reversed-phase high
      pressure liquid chromatography is described.

PMID- 3394936
TI  - The effect of fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) cationic exchange
      purification on the crystallization of a monoclonal Fab fragment.
AB  - Fast protein liquid chromatography cationic exchange purification to homogeneity
      of a monoclonal Fab fragment has resulted in an improvement in the quality of
      crystals for X-ray diffraction studies. This improvement is displayed in a well
      defined crystal morphology, reproducibility of crystal growth, and increased
      resolution of diffraction data.

PMID- 3394937
TI  - Enzymatic determination of L-phenylalanine and phenylpyruvate with L
      phenylalanine dehydrogenase.
AB  - An enzymatic method is described for the determination of L-phenylalanine or
      phenylpyruvate using L-phenylalanine dehydrogenase. The enzyme catalyzes the NAD
      dependent oxidative deamination of L-phenylalanine or the reductive amination of
      the 2-oxoacid, respectively. The stoichiometric coupling of the coenzyme allows a
      direct spectrophotometric assay of the substrate concentration. The equilibrium
      of the reaction favors L-phenylalanine formation; however, by measuring initial
      reaction velocities, the enzyme can be used for L-phenylalanine determination,
      too. Standard solutions of L-phenylalanine in the range of 10-300 microM and of
      phenylpyruvate (5-100 microM) show a linearity between the value for dENADH/min
      and the substrate concentration. Besides phenylalanine, the enzyme can convert
      tyrosine and methionine, and their oxoacids, respectively. The Km values of these
      substrates are higher. The influence of tyrosine on the determination of
      phenylalanine was studied and appeared tolerable for certain applications.

PMID- 3394938
TI  - A semiautomated system for measurement of 96 simultaneous spectrophotometric
      enzyme assays.
AB  - A semiautomated system for spectrophotometric measurement of enzyme activity is
      described. In comparison to a 1-ml reaction volume monitored continuously by a
      conventional spectrophotometer, this system requires 1/10 to 1/100 the volume of
      sample, and 1/8 to 1/4 the time for measurement and computation of 96 enzyme
      assays. The system hardware consists of a 96-well platereader interfaced to a
      personal computer. Absorbances of 96 reactions are measured at timed intervals.
      These data are transmitted electronically from the platereader to the computer
      through the modem port using a modem program. The reaction rates are computed
      from the timed absorbance readings using a spreadsheet program. Three enzyme
      assays are presented, but the method has been used for several other assays and
      is applicable to many spectrophotometric rate assays. Many laboratories currently
      possess one or both of the two major components of the relatively inexpensive
      system described.

PMID- 3394939
TI  - Nonlinear estimation of parameters in biphasic Arrhenius plots.
AB  - This paper presents a formal procedure for the statistical analysis of data on
      the thermotropic behavior of membrane-bound enzymes generated using the Arrhenius
      equation and compares the analysis to several alternatives. Data is modeled by a
      bent hyperbola. Nonlinear regression is used to obtain estimates and standard
      errors of the intersection of line segments, defined as the transition
      temperature, and slopes, defined as energies of activation of the enzyme
      reaction. The methodology allows formal tests of the adequacy of a biphasic model
      rather than either a single straight line or a curvilinear model. Examples on
      data concerning the thermotropic behavior of pig brain synaptosomal
      acetylcholinesterase are given. The data support the biphasic temperature
      dependence of this enzyme. The methodology represents a formal procedure for
      statistical validation of any biphasic data and allows for calculation of all
      line parameters with estimates of precision.

PMID- 3394940
TI  - Adsorptive transfer stripping voltammetry: determination of nanogram quantities
      of DNA immobilized at the electrode surface.
AB  - In adsorptive transfer stripping voltammetry (AdTSV), DNA is first adsorbed at
      the electrode, the electrode is washed and transferred (with the adsorbed layer)
      in the medium not containing DNA, and voltammetric analysis is performed in this
      medium. Adsorption can be performed from a drop of DNA solution, which makes it
      possible to reduce the volume of the analyzed sample by two orders of magnitude
      as compared to that of conventional voltammetry. With the hanging mercury drop
      electrode the limit of detection of single-stranded DNA is below 0.1
      micrograms/ml; thus if the adsorption is performed from a 10-microliter drop of
      DNA solution subnanogram quantities of single-stranded DNA are sufficient for the
      analysis. In AdTSV the behavior of single- and double-stranded DNAs markedly
      differ from each other in a manner similar to that in the conventional
      voltammetric or polarographic analysis; AdTSV can thus be used in DNA structure
      analysis. In AdTSV the DNA transport and its adsorption at the electrode are
      separated from the electrode process; due to this fact it is possible (a) to
      perform the voltammetric analysis of DNA from media not suitable for voltammetric
      analysis of the conventional type, (b) to study the interaction of immobilized
      DNA with other substances in solution without the results of the voltammetric
      analysis being influenced by DNA interactions in the bulk of solution, and (c) to
      exploit the differences of adsorbability of DNA and other substances in order to
      separate them on the electrode.

PMID- 3394941
TI  - Measurement of cyst(e)amine in physiological samples by high performance liquid
      chromatography.
AB  - Two methods for measurement of cyst(e)amine in physiological samples are
      described. One method involves reduction of disulfides present in the sample with
      tributylphosphine, reversed phase chromatography of thiols, and electrochemical
      detection of cysteamine and other thiols. The other method involves reduction of
      disulfides with dithiothreitol, derivatization of thiols with 7-diethylamino-3
      (4'-maleimidylphenyl)-4-methylcoumarin, separation of these derivatives by
      reversed phase chromatography, and fluorometric detection of the thiol adducts.
      The endogenous concentration of cysteamine in rat liver was estimated to be less
      than 2.5 nmol/g. Cysteamine is produced in tissues postmortem; rapid
      sampling/freezing of tissues and rapid inactivation of enzymes during tissue
      preparation are essential for accurate measurement of endogenous cysteamine
      concentrations.

PMID- 3394942
TI  - A chemical method for introducing haptens onto DNA probes.
AB  - We have developed a versatile chemical method of attaching hapten moieties onto
      DNA, for the construction of nonisotopic DNA probes. The DNA is reacted with N
      bromosuccinimide at alkaline pH, resulting in bromination of a fraction of the
      thymine, guanine, and cytosine residues, with adenine modified to a lesser
      extent. The bromine is subsequently displaced by a primary amino group, attached
      to a linker arm. The other end of the linker arm has a detectable group
      preattached to it. We have labeled cloned hepatitis B viral (HBV) DNA with the
      hapten 2,4-dinitrophenyl (DNP) and used it in combination with a high affinity
      rabbit anti-DNP antibody, for the detection of hepatitis B DNA by slot blotting.
      This probe was sensitive enough to specifically detect 1 X 10(-17) mol (1 X 10(6)
      copies) of HBV DNA in total DNA from human serum.

PMID- 3394943
TI  - Phenyldichlorophosphate as an aid in studies of decarbamylation of carbamylated
      acetylcholinesterase.
AB  - An improved method for assaying carbamylated acetylcholinesterase is described
      which has substantial benefits over current methods. Acetylcholinesterase was
      carbamylated with neostigmine and diluted extensively into buffer to allow
      decarbamylation to occur. At various times, phenyldichlorophosphate was added to
      the mixture of free and carbamylated enzyme, whereupon two very rapid,
      simultaneous reactions occurred: near total, and permanent, inactivation of free
      acetylcholinesterase by the organophosphate, and inactivation of
      phenyldichlorophosphate by hydrolysis. The carbamylated acetylcholinesterase was
      allowed to reactivate fully and then assayed for enzyme activity. The assay
      provided a measure of the amount of carbamylated enzyme present at the time of
      addition of phenyldichlorophosphate, thereby enabling the first-order rate
      constant for decarbamylation to be calculated. This new method of studying
      decarbamylation was applied to two systems of soluble acetylcholinesterase, where
      the half-life for decarbamylation was approximately 1/2 h or 4 min, respectively,
      and to membrane-bound acetylcholinesterase. The results agreed well with those
      determined by a conventional method; moreover, the standard error of the mean was
      lower for the new method. The advantages of the method using
      phenyldichlorophosphate over conventional methods are particularly evident when
      decarbamylation is rapid or when in vivo studies are being performed and it is
      not practical or desirable to run assays immediately on isolation of the tissue.
      The new method also has advantages over a published related technique using the
      organophosphate anticholinesterase soman.

PMID- 3394944
TI  - Heparin requirement for the quantitation of fibrinogen production by primary
      hepatocyte cultures.
AB  - We have reported a rapid method for the quantitation of proteins secreted in
      culture media (F.M. LaDuca, C.V. Dang, and W.R. Bell (1986) Anal. Biochem. 158,
      262-267). Using the same method, we observe that serum-free rat hepatocyte
      cultures exhibited a 100% increase in detectable secreted fibrinogen-antigen in
      the presence of 1 unit/ml heparin or greater at 24 h of culture. The amount of
      transferrin, haptoglobin, and albumin detected was unaltered by the presence of
      heparin. Since heparin is known to affect certain cellular functions, the fates
      of [35S]methonine-labeled fibrinogen in cell extracts and culture media were
      examined employing pulse-chase experiments. Labeled intracellular fibrinogen
      disappeared at similar rates and was initially released into the media in similar
      amounts in the presence or absence of heparin. At 8 h during the chase, there was
      a 40-50% reduction in fibrinogen-antigen in spent culture medium lacking heparin.
      The presence of heparin did not alter the proteolytic degradation of secreted
      fibrinogen as determined by immunoblotting of spent culture media proteins
      separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In vitro experiments indicate
      that clotting of fibrinogen by thrombin reduces the amount of immunodetectable
      fibrinogen. The results indicate that heparin increases the amount of detectable
      fibrinogen secreted by cultured hepatocytes by preventing clotting and not by
      stimulating synthesis or secretion or by inhibiting degradation. Hence, it is
      critically important to include heparin when secreted fibrinogen is quantitated
      by the method that we have developed.

PMID- 3394945
TI  - Exclusion chromatography with controlled-pore glass beads to isolate Chlorella
      chromatin and its applications.
AB  - A simple and rapid method was developed to isolate chromatin from the unicellular
      alga, Chlorella, by exclusion chromatography utilizing controlled-pore glass
      beads. This method takes advantage of the giant size of the chromatin
      supramolecules and does not require the preliminary isolation of cell nuclei. In
      order to raise the histone yield, commercially available materials were silanized
      with dimethyldichlorosilane. The isolated algal chromatin had properties similar
      to those of other organisms, and the histones contained all five components found
      in calf thymus. A hierarchy of the higher order structures was also observed in
      the algal chromatin. This method can be used for the study of chromatin in
      various cell types, especially in microbial cells, from the viewpoints of not
      only mere preparation but also cell dynamics and fractionation in relation to the
      specific components or activities. Some application examples are presented.

PMID- 3394946
TI  - Receptor analysis: an arithmetic correction improves precision and accuracy.
AB  - Data of receptor analysis by ligand binding experiments should be processed using
      the formula DCORR = (B1 - B2.F1/F2)/VS.DCORR is an estimate of the concentration
      of receptor-bound radioligand; B1 and F1 are estimates of bound and free
      radioligand in assay 1; B2 and F2 are the corresponding values obtained from the
      parallel assay 2, which contains an additional excess of nonlabeled ligand; VS is
      the volume of assays 1 and 2 that was submitted to separation. DCORR will be
      superior to the conventional formula, D = (B1 - B2)/VS, if the radiolabeled
      receptor-ligand complexes are incompletely separated from nonspecifically bound
      and free radioligands. DCORR corrects for the systematic underestimation of the
      specifically bound radioligand implicated in D as well as for random errors due
      to imprecise pipetting during preparation of the parallel assays. The superiority
      of DCORR over D is verified by processing the data of androgen receptor analyses
      using agar gel electrophoresis for separation of bound and free radioligand.

PMID- 3394947
TI  - Microassay of heme oxygenase by high-performance liquid chromatography:
      application to assay of needle biopsies of human liver.
AB  - We developed a microassay for heme oxygenase, in which bilirubin (BR) production
      was measured by HPLC, and compared it to previously reported spectrophotometric
      methods. The microassay required as little as 5 mg wet human, rat, or chick
      embryo liver. Using the HPLC assay, values for heme oxygenase activity in
      extracts (10,000 g supernatant) of normal human liver obtained by needle biopsies
      were 44 +/- 7 (pmol BR.min-1.mg protein-1). Spectrophotometric assays of
      homogenates of human liver resulted in low values for heme oxygenase, due to
      unknown sources of interference. Comparative values of microsomal heme oxygenase
      activity were 294 +/- 25, 95 +/- 3, and 87 +/- 9 pmol BR.min-1.mg protein-1 for
      chick, rat, and human livers, respectively.

PMID- 3394948
TI  - Enhanced detection of glycoproteins in polyacrylamide gels.
AB  - A highly sensitive and simple method to enhance detection of glycoproteins
      resolved by either one- or two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis is
      described. The method is a modification of the procedure described by D. Fargeaud
      et al. (D. Fargeaud, J. C. Benoit, F. Kato, and G. Chappuis (1984) Arch. Virol.
      80, 69-82) that uses concanavalin A conjugated with fluorescein isothyocyanate to
      detect the carbohydrate moiety of glycoproteins. Briefly, the electrophoresed gel
      is exposed to the fluorescent lectin, thoroughly washed, and sequentially
      transferred to 50% methanol in deionized water and to absolute methanol. The
      result is an abrupt dehydration of the gel which turns evenly white and stiff. At
      least a twofold enhancement of fluorescence is obtained as detected by exposing
      the treated gel to an appropriate uv source. The sensitivity of the procedure
      allows us to detect purified immunoglobulin molecules by their carbohydrate
      content in the range of 0.2 microgram of total protein. The specificity of the
      detection is demonstrated by a comparison with the corresponding polypeptide
      profile obtained by silver nitrate staining of the gel.

PMID- 3394949
TI  - An ultrasensitive colorimetric assay for manganese.
AB  - An ultrasensitive colorimetric assay for manganese is described. It is based upon
      the catalysis, by Mn(II), of the photochemical oxidation of o-dianisidine,
      sensitized by riboflavin. Catalase increases the Mn(II)-catalyzed rate of
      photosensitized oxidation of dianisidine to the bisazobiphenyl, while superoxide
      dismutase inhibits the rate. The mechanism appears to involve oxidation of Mn(II)
      by O2-, followed by oxidation of dianisidine by MnO2+ in equilibrium Mn(III).
      Cu(II) interferes, but Zn(II), Fe(II), Fe(III), Co(II), and Ni(II) do not.
      Chelating agents and thiol reductants also interfere. Interference by Cu(II) can
      be overcome by the addition of cyanide, while interference by organic compounds
      can be surmounted by wet ashing. This assay provides a linear response to Mn(II)
      over the range 10-2500 nM. The limit of detection was 5 nM Mn(II).

PMID- 3394950
TI  - Synthesis of fluorescent oligosaccharides for covalent attachment to living
      cells.
AB  - Asparagine-linked oligosaccharides were liberated from glycoproteins by
      hydrazinolysis. The treatment resulted in de-N-acetylation of the amino sugars.
      After isolation of the oligosaccharides free amino groups were labeled with
      fluorescein isothiocyanate and remaining amino groups reacetylated. The
      fluorescent oligosaccharides were used to label living cells. They were converted
      to hydrazine derivatives and covalently attached to cell surface
      oligosaccharides, which had been treated with periodate or neuraminidase and
      galactose oxidase. This enabled the visualization of the attached
      oligosaccharides at the external aspect of the plasma membrane by fluorescence
      microscopy.

PMID- 3394952
TI  - A standard nomenclature for structure of the kidney. The Renal Commission of the
      International Union of Physiological Sciences(IUPS).

PMID- 3394951
TI  - Site-directed antibodies for probing the structure and biogenesis of
      phosphatidylinositol glycan-linked membrane proteins: application to placental
      alkaline phosphatase.
AB  - An immunological approach to the study of the structure and biogenesis of the
      phosphatidylinositol glycan (PI-G) membrane anchor at the carboxyl terminus of
      human placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) is described. Based on the protein
      sequence predicted from full length PLAP cDNA, two epitopes were chosen in the
      region of the carboxyl terminus for the production of site-directed antibodies.
      The exo site represents the last nine residues of preproPLAP, (res. 505-513),
      which is part of the sequence that is expected to be cleaved from the nascent
      protein during processing and addition of the PI-G tail. A second site, the endo
      sequence, was selected close to the expected carboxyl terminus in mature PI-G
      tailed PLAP (res. 474-484 of proPLAP). The two peptides were synthesized,
      polyclonal antibodies to the conjugated peptides were prepared, and the antisera
      were characterized. Analytical methods for both synthetic peptides and proteins
      are presented. Preliminary applications to the isolation and characterization of
      the PI-G-linked carboxyl terminus of mature PLAP and to the characterization of
      nascent PLAP are described. The application of both carboxyl terminal-directed
      antibodies, and a third antibody directed to the amino terminus of mature PLAP,
      in studies employing mutant forms of PLAP and to the PI-G tailing process itself
      are discussed. The immunological approach used here for PLAP should be applicable
      generally to the study of other PI-G-tailed proteins.

PMID- 3394954
TI  - Differentiation of granule cells in relation to GABAergic neurons in the rat
      fascia dentata. Combined Golgi/EM and immunocytochemical studies.
AB  - Golgi impregnation was used to study the dendritic differentiation of granule
      cells in the rat fascia dentata. The impregnated granule cells were gold-toned
      allowing for a fine structural study of the same identified neurons and of the
      input synapses onto their cell bodies and dendrites. Due to the long postnatal
      formation of these cells it was possible to describe a sequence of maturational
      stages coexisting on the same postnatal day (P5). Characteristic features of the
      dendritic development of granule cells were i) occurrence of varicose swellings
      along the dendrites, ii) growth cones on dendritic tips, iii) transient formation
      of basal dendrites, and iv) progressive development of dendritic spines. Incoming
      synapses on the differentiating granule cells were mainly found on dendritic
      shafts. Their membrane specializations were symmetric. At least some of these
      symmetric synapses were GABAergic because immunostaining of Vibratome sections
      from the same postnatal stage (P5) demonstrated a well-developed GABAergic axon
      plexus in the fascia dentata (antibodies against glutamate decarboxylase (GAD),
      the GABA synthesizing enzyme). Electron microscopy of the immunostained axon
      plexus revealed numerous GABAergic terminals that formed symmetric synaptic
      contacts, mainly on shafts of differentiating dendrites but also on cell bodies
      of granule cells. Our results thus indicate that the plexus of inhibitory
      GABAergic axons is already well developed at a stage when the target neurons, the
      granule cells, are still being formed.

PMID- 3394953
TI  - Globule leukocytes and mast cells in the rat trachea: their number, distribution,
      and response to compound 48/80 and dexamethasone.
AB  - Globule leukocytes in the epithelium of the rat trachea may be counterparts of
      mucosal mast cells that are located in the gastrointestinal tract. If they are
      indeed similar to mucosal mast cells, globule leukocytes would be expected to
      decrease in number in rats treated with dexamethasone but not in rats treated
      with compound 48/80, an agent which causes non-antigenic degranulation of
      connective tissue mast cells. In this study, we determined the number and
      compared the distribution of globule leukocytes and connective tissue mast cells
      in the tracheas of pathogen-free rats. We then determined whether the number of
      these two types of cells changes in rats treated for 5 days with compound 48/80,
      dexamethasone, a combination of compound 48/80 and dexamethasone, or saline. We
      identified globule leukocytes and mast cells in whole mounts and histological
      sections of rat tracheas by using a histochemical reaction that demonstrates the
      chymotrypsin-like protease (chloroacetate esterase) present in mast cell
      granules. Using this method, we found that approximately 225,000 globule
      leukocytes were present in the epithelium of the trachea. These cells were most
      abundant in the rostral trachea. Rats treated with dexamethasone had a 91%
      reduction in the number of globule leukocytes with protease-containing granules,
      but rats treated with compound 48/80 had a normal number of these cells. We found
      some 55,000 connective tissue mast cells in the same tracheas. Mast cells were
      most abundant in the posterior membrane of the caudal trachea and in the lamina
      propria between cartilaginous rings. Rats treated with compound 48/80 had a 96%
      reduction in mast cells with protease-containing granules, but rats treated with
      dexamethasone had a normal complement of mast cells. We conclude that globule
      leukocytes are abundant in the tracheas of healthy rats, are similar in
      morphology and pharmacological responses to mucosal mast cells located in other
      organs of rats, and are more numerous than and have a different distribution than
      connective tissue mast cells. Globule leukocytes in the tracheal epithelium may
      have a role in respiratory defenses similar to that of mucosal mast cells in
      other organs.

PMID- 3394955
TI  - Distribution of vimentin-type intermediate filaments in Sertoli cells of the
      human testis, normal and pathologic.
AB  - The presence, distribution and spatial arrangement of vimentin-type intermediate
      filaments in Sertoli cells from human testis biopsies, were studied in semithin
      and ultrathin sections using a polyclonal rabbit antiserum. At the
      ultrastructural level, vimentin immunoreactivity was seen concentrated around the
      nuclei, along fibrillary material within the cytoplasm and at the ectoplasmic
      specializations of the Sertoli cell junctions, as well as throughout the
      periphery of the Sertoli cell processes. It is therefore well suited as a marker
      for Sertoli cell configuration. In computer-aided 3D reconstructions of 20 serial
      sections, Sertoli cells displayed particular configurations of intermediate
      filaments in the different stages of spermatogenesis. Two basic configurations,
      named AS (before spermiation, stages V, VI, I and II), and PS (after spermiation,
      stages III and IV) respectively, could be differentiated. In addition to the
      reconstruction and morphological analysis of vimentin filaments in Sertoli cells
      from patients with unaltered spermatogenesis (obstructive azoospermia),
      pathological specimens (spermatogenetic arrest, Sertoli cells only-syndrome) were
      studied with respect to vimentin immunohistochemistry. The results indicate that
      vimentin filaments play an important role in the adaptation of Sertoli cells to
      the varying configurations of neighbouring cells during spermatogenesis as well
      as under pathological conditions.

PMID- 3394956
TI  - Morphological classification of retinal ganglion cells in adult Xenopus laevis.
AB  - Retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was used to characterise the
      soma and dendritic arborization of retinal ganglion cells in adult Xenopus laevis
      toad. HRP was administered to the cut end of the optic nerve and the
      morphological characteristics of HRP-filled ganglion cells were analysed in
      retinal wholemount preparations using computer assisted morphometry. Ganglion
      cells were classified according to their soma size, dendritic branching pattern,
      dendritic field and the number of shaft dendrites. Ganglion cells were divided
      into 3 major classes on the basis of soma sizes and extent of dendritic field:
      large (soma size, mean 258.04 micron 2 +/- 52.03 SD; dendritic field size 0.104
      mm2 +/- 0.23), medium size (126.7 micron 2 +/- 37.01; 0.041 mm2 +/- 0.013) and
      small (87.3 micron 2 +/- 22.69; 0.0061 mm2 +/- 0.0035). A more detailed analysis
      allowed 12 morphologically distinct subgroups to be identified (Types I-XII).
      Quantitative studies showed that large cells comprise about 1%, medium size about
      8-9% and the small cells over 90% of total ganglion cell population. The number
      of large and medium size ganglion cells corresponded well with the number of
      myelinated optic fibres and the number of small neurons with the number of
      unmyelinated optic fibres in the optic nerve. Large ganglion cells were
      correlated with Class 4 and 5, medium size ganglion cells with Class 3 and small
      ganglion cells with Class 1 and 2 functionally characterized ganglion cells in
      the frog retina (Maturana et al. 1960). The retinal distribution of large
      ganglion cells appear to suggest certain similarities to mammalian alpha type
      ganglion cells.

PMID- 3394957
TI  - Noradrenergic innervation of developing rat and spiny mouse liver. Its relation
      to the development of the liver architecture and enzymic zonation.
AB  - The development of noradrenergic innervation of rat liver was studied with a
      polyclonal antiserum against noradrenaline. Nerves are first seen in the larger
      portal vessels at day 1 after birth and reach their final distribution at 5 days
      after birth i.e. at the same time as the establishment of the acinar architecture
      and the heterogeneous distribution of NH3-metabolizing enzymes. The latter
      distribution of nerves is already seen at birth in the liver of the closely
      related but precocial spiny mouse. This shows that the onset of extrinsic
      sympathetic innervation is regulated by the developmental stage of the animal
      rather than by adaptation to extrauterine life. Chemical sympathectomy at birth
      with 6-hydroxydopamine did not eliminate the developmental appearance of
      heterogeneous distributions of NH3-metabolizing enzymes.

PMID- 3394958
TI  - The effects of somite removal on vertebral formation in the chick.
AB  - We have examined the effects on vertebral development of various combinations of
      somite removal in two day old chick embryos as shown by vertebral formation after
      a further seven days of incubation. Each combination produced one of a variety of
      results ranging from completely normal vertebral formation, through fusion of
      various vertebral elements, to the absence of complete vertebral halves and the
      formation of hemivertebrae. Assessment of our operating ability showed that we
      were removing at least 90% of the somitic material and therefore these results
      suggest that there is a regulating mechanism available to the embryo, at least
      with regards to vertebral development. When two consecutive somites were removed,
      vertebrae frequently developed that were lacking certain elements. This suggests
      that the somitic cells are already determined with regards to formation of
      specific vertebral elements. Experiments involving the removal of a bilateral
      pair of somites (a repetitive unit) also provided evidence of a counting
      mechanism which ensures that the correct number of total vertebrae are present.

PMID- 3394959
TI  - Quantitative electron microscopic observations on the non-neuronal cells and
      lipid droplets in the posterior funiculus of the kitten after dorsal rhizotomy.
AB  - Kittens were subjected to lumbosacral dorsal rhizotomies at the age of 6-8 days
      postnatally. After postoperative survival times of 1-25 days the number of non
      neuronal cells and lipid droplets in each cell type in the posterior funiculus at
      L1 were counted at the ultrastructural level. Intact control animals were
      analyzed in the same way. The number of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes decreased
      with increasing postoperative survival time in the degenerating zone. This was
      also the case in the white matter of control animals with increasing age of
      sacrifice. However, in the degenerating zone of operated animals the decrease was
      more extensive for oligodendrocytes starting at 5 days after surgery, and
      possibly also for astrocytes at 25 days postoperatively. The number of microglial
      cells in the degenerating zone was markedly increased 2-10 days after surgery
      compared to the controls. The number of non-pericytic perivascular cells seemed
      to be somewhat increased from 9 days after surgery, while the number of pericytes
      remained unchanged during the experimental period. Lipid droplets in the
      degenerating white matter were mainly located in microglial cells and astrocytes
      and only to a small extent in non-pericytic perivascular cells. These findings
      suggest that lipid material produced during anterograde fiber degeneration in the
      immature white matter is mainly metabolized in glial cells.

PMID- 3394960
TI  - The roles of acute and chronic pain in regression of sensory analgesia during
      continuous epidural bupivacaine infusion.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to investigate whether regression of sensory
      analgesia during constant epidural bupivacaine infusion was different in
      postoperative patients with acute pain than in patients with chronic nonsurgical
      pain. Sensory levels of analgesia (to pinprick) and pain (on a five-point scale)
      were assessed hourly for 16 hours during continuous epidural infusion of 0.5%
      plain bupivacaine (8 ml/hr) in 12 patients with chronic nonsurgical pain and in
      30 patients after major abdominal surgery performed under combined bupivacaine
      and halothane--N2O general anesthesia. No opiates were given. If sensory
      analgesia decreased more than five segments from the initial level or if the pain
      score reached 2 (moderate pain), the patient was removed from the study. Initial
      levels of sensory analgesia after loading doses of 21.8 +/- 0.5 and 19.3 +/- 0.8
      ml bupivacaine 0.5% were similar (T3.8 +/- 0.3 and T3.8 +/- 0.5) in the surgical
      and chronic pain patients, respectively (mean +/- SEM). Of the surgical patients,
      only 4 of the 30 (13%) maintained the initial level of sensory analgesia, and a
      pain score below 2 throughout the study compared with 7 of the 12 patients with
      chronic pain (58%) (P less than 0.01). Mean duration of sensory blockade was
      significantly longer (P less than 0.005) in the patients with chronic pain than
      in surgical patients (13.1 +/- 1.2 and 8.5 +/- 0.7 hours, respectively). Thus,
      surgical injury hastens regression of sensory analgesia during continuous
      epidural bupivacaine infusion. The underlying mechanism remains to be determined.

PMID- 3394961
TI  - Prolongation of the QT interval by volatile anesthetics in chronically
      instrumented dogs.
AB  - The influence of volatile anesthetics on ventricular repolarization in vivo (QT
      interval) has not been studied in a systematic fashion. The purpose of this
      investigation was to characterize the electrocardiographic and hemodynamic
      actions of the volatile anesthetics halothane, isoflurane, and enflurane in
      chronically instrumented dogs. Because autonomic nervous system tone may
      influence ECG findings, experiments were completed with and without concomitant
      pharmacologic autonomic nervous system blockade. In six groups comprising 50
      experiments with 21 instrumented dogs, anesthesia was mask-induced with nitrous
      oxide, oxygen, and one of the volatile anesthetics and maintained with the
      volatile anesthetic in 100% oxygen for 2 hours. Changes in the ECG and in
      hemodynamics were compared to the conscious state. In the absence of autonomic
      nervous system blockade, halothane and isoflurane significantly prolonged the QT
      interval (0.24 +/- 0.01 to 0.30 +/- 0.01 second and 0.22 +/- 0.01 to 0.28 +/-
      0.01 second, respectively), whereas enflurane produced no change in ventricular
      repolarization (0.24 +/- 0.01 to 0.26 +/- 0.01 second). All of the volatile
      anesthetics increased the QT interval corrected for changes in basal heart rate
      (QTc), and all agents decreased intravascular pressure and dP/dt. Following
      autonomic nervous system blockade, halothane, isoflurane, and enflurane
      significantly increased the QT interval and QTc. The results demonstrate that
      ventricular repolarization is directly altered by the volatile anesthetics
      independent of changes in autonomic nervous tone. Whether or not such effects are
      additive with other congenital or acquired forms of QTc prolongation has yet to
      be examined. The present results indicate that caution should be used during the
      administration of volatile anesthetics to patients with abnormalities of the QT
      interval.

PMID- 3394962
TI  - Lumbar plexus block in children: a comparison of two procedures in 50 patients.
AB  - Two techniques for blocking the lumbar plexus were prospectively evaluated in 50
      children undergoing surgery in the hip region and randomly allocated to one of
      two equal groups. A variant of the "psoas compartment block" and the classic
      technique were used in groups 1 (n = 25) and 2 (n = 25), respectively. All
      procedures were carried out under light general anesthesia with the patients in
      the lateral position using insulated needles and electrical stimulation. Both
      procedures were effective, allowing completion of surgery without additional
      treatment in almost all patients. However, the distribution of analgesia
      differed: 23 (ipsilateral) lumbar and sacral plexus blocks and 2 (ipsilateral)
      lumbar blocks alone were produced in group 2, compared to 22 areas of anesthesia
      comparable to those that might be associated with a lumbar epidural block and two
      ipsilateral lumbar plexus blocks in group 1. The two techniques are not,
      therefore, mere variants of the same basic approach to the lumbar plexus. The
      procedure described by Winnie et al. (Anesthesiol Rev 1974;1:11-6) was more
      suitable for providing unilateral blockade than the "psoas compartment block."

PMID- 3394963
TI  - Hyperkalemia after dantrolene and verapamil-dantrolene administration in dogs.
AB  - The concurrent administration of dantrolene and verapamil has the theoretical
      advantage of being more efficacious than dantrolene alone in the treatment of
      malignant hyperthermia. However, the combination has been reported to cause fatal
      hyperkalemia in pigs. The present study evaluated the serum concentrations of
      cations, serum osmolarity, and cardiovascular responses in 20 mongrel dogs after
      dantrolene with and without the concurrent administration of verapamil. The dogs
      were randomly classified into four groups of five dogs each: group 1 received
      neither dantrolene nor verapamil; group 2 received three successive intravenous
      doses of dantrolene (1, 3, and 6 mg/kg) at 30-minute intervals; group 3 received
      verapamil 0.1 mg/kg IV bolus, followed by a continuous infusion of 5
      micrograms.kg-1.hr-1; and group 4 received verapamil as in group 3, followed by
      dantrolene as in group 2. Measurements were made at 15-minute intervals for 2 1/2
      hours. Progressive and similar statistically significant increases in mean serum
      potassium occurred after 105 minutes in dogs given dantrolene (group 2, mean peak
      serum potassium levels 5.4 +/- 0.5 mmol/L) and after 90 minutes in dogs given
      verapamil-dantrolene (group 4, 5.2 +/- 1.6 mmol/L). A statistically significant
      decrease in serum sodium levels was also found in groups 2 and 4. One dog in
      group 4 developed intermittent second-degree heart block after the final dose of
      dantrolene. Serum calcium levels (ionized and total) tended to decrease in groups
      2 and 4. There were no statistically significant differences in osmolarities,
      cardiac outputs, or mean arterial blood pressures among groups. In summary,
      significant elevations of serum potassium were observed in this dog model given
      dantrolene with and without verapamil.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3394964
TI  - The effect of pleural pressure on the hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstrictor response
      in closed chest dogs.
AB  - The effect of intrapleural pressure on the hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstrictor
      (HPV) responses to atelectasis and hypoxia were measured in two groups of
      anesthetized closed chest dogs. The right lung was continuously ventilated with
      100% O2. The left lung was initially ventilated with 100% O2 (hyperoxia) but
      subsequently underwent either reabsorption atelectasis (atelectasis; group I) or
      ventilation with a hypoxic gas mixture (hypoxia; group II). The mean intrapleural
      pressure in the left hemithorax was 5.4 cm H2O during hyperoxia, but with left
      lung atelectasis decreased significantly to -3.8 cm H2O by 15 minutes and to -4.2
      cm H2O by 90 minutes. Venous admixture (% VA) increased significantly from 10.3%
      during hyperoxia to 33.2% at 15 minutes of left lung atelectasis and to 34.6% at
      90 minutes. However, after sternotomy with the left lung still atelectatic, the
      %VA decreased significantly to 25.4% For the hypoxia group, %VA increased
      significantly from 9.2% during hyperoxia to 29.9% at 15 minutes of left lung
      hypoxia and 25.1% at 90 minutes. HPV diverted blood flow away from both
      atelectatic lung and hypoxic lung. However, due to the negative intrapleural
      pressure generated during left lung resorption atelectasis when the chest was
      closed, HPV was less effective during atelectasis than during hypoxia.

PMID- 3394966
TI  - Twenty-three sequential out-of-hospital halothane anesthetics in an infant.

PMID- 3394965
TI  - Duration of action of neostigmine and pyridostigmine in the elderly.
AB  - This study was undertaken to assess differences between young and elderly
      patients with respect to the duration of antagonism of metocurine neuromuscular
      blockade by neostigmine (NEO) or pyridostigmine (PYR). Patients were given either
      NEO (seven elderly and ten young) or PYR (seven elderly and eight young) and
      received nitrous oxide in oxygen (60:40) and 1 MAC halothane. Neuromuscular
      transmission was assessed by using evoked compound electromyography. Metocurine
      0.1 mg/kg was given, followed by a continuous infusion to achieve 90% reduction
      in baseline single twitch height. After at least 30 minutes, either NEO (0.07
      mg/kg) or PYR (0.14 mg/kg) and atropine (0.02 mg/kg) were given IV. After
      injection of NEO or PYR, the duration of maximal response (DOMR) was recorded.
      Mean (+/- SE) ages were 38 +/- 5 and 68 +/- 2 years in the two groups of patients
      receiving PYR. In the elderly, PYR significantly prolonged DOMR compared to
      younger patients (35.3 +/- 8.2 vs 14.4 +/- 4.2 minutes, respectively). The mean
      ages in the two groups of patients receiving NEO were 41.5 +/- 4 and 72 +/- 2
      years. The elderly group demonstrated a significant increase in the DOMR compared
      to younger patients (32 +/- 10 vs 11 +/- 2 minutes, respectively). It is
      concluded that, compared to younger patients, the duration of action of NEO and
      PYR in the aged patient is prolonged.

PMID- 3394967
TI  - Atracurium and hypokalemic familial periodic paralysis.

PMID- 3394969
TI  - Lateral position and epidural anesthesia for cesarean section.

PMID- 3394968
TI  - Extent of anesthesia and hemodynamic effects after subarachnoid administration of
      bupivacaine with epinephrine.

PMID- 3394970
TI  - A thin fiberoptic bronchoscope as an aid to occlusion of the fistula in infants
      with tracheoesophageal fistula.

PMID- 3394971
TI  - Role of lumbar sympathectomy in the pediatric intensive care unit.

PMID- 3394973
TI  - Data, data everywhere, and not a thought to think.

PMID- 3394972
TI  - Epidural ketamine for postoperative analgesia.

PMID- 3394974
TI  - Succinylcholine in children.

PMID- 3394975
TI  - Pharmacokinetic analysis of succinylcholine-cimetidine interaction.

PMID- 3394976
TI  - Logistics of medical care in rural Afghanistan.
AB  - The logistics of maintaining and supplying underground clinics located in war
      torn rural Afghanistan are presented. Medical supplies are transported by pack
      animals over mountainous terrain, and must be specially packaged for the rigorous
      journey. Twenty percent of supplies are lost en route due to attacks or
      accidents. Medical and surgical equipment, some of which had to be specially
      designed, must be lightweight and durable. The system of monitoring clinic
      efficacy is also discussed.

PMID- 3394977
TI  - Surgical theatre in rural Afghanistan.
AB  - We discuss the establishment of underground surgical theatres in resistance-held,
      rural Afghanistan by the IMC. The limitations of working in facilities without
      electricity or modern surgical equipment or even adequate suction are discussed,
      and the methods we have implemented to deal with these limitations are presented.

PMID- 3394978
TI  - Surgical training model for advanced emergency medics in Afghanistan.
AB  - A surgical training model developed and implemented by the IMC for the training
      of advanced surgically capable medics operating in resistance-held rural
      Afghanistan is presented. Existing training programs for medics and midlevel
      health care workers are discussed, but these offer little or no surgical training
      and depend on a tiered system of referrals that is not possible in resistance
      held Afghanistan. Details of the medics' training, enabling them to diagnose and
      treat 75% of war-related injuries in the rural population, are presented, as is
      the rationale for development of the model, based on data from other conflicts.

PMID- 3394979
TI  - Sterilization techniques in underground surgical units in Afghanistan.
AB  - Sterilization equipment and techniques available to forward surgical units in
      modern conflicts past and present are sophisticated and generally taken for
      granted. Underground surgical units operating in rural Afghanistan must function
      without electricity or petroleum-powered generators and, with few exceptions, are
      unable to use sterilization equipment that produces intense heat for prolonged
      periods. We discuss the equipment and techniques developed for use by the IMC to
      sterilize surgical instruments, gowns, gloves, rubber goods, and sutures in the
      42 clinics operating in resistance-held Afghanistan. These techniques may have
      application to other similar primitive conditions.

PMID- 3394980
TI  - Comparison of intramuscular analgesic activity of butorphanol and morphine in
      patients with sickle cell disease.
AB  - This double-blind study compared the analgesic effects of morphine with those of
      butorphanol in patients who presented with pain because of sickle cell crisis.
      Patients were placed at bed rest, administered IV hydration, and randomly
      assigned on each visit to receive either 2 mg IM butorphanol or 6 mg IM morphine
      every 30 to 60 minutes as needed to produce a pain intensity of 50 mm or less on
      the linear analog pain scale until the patient was discharged. Linear analog
      scale for pain and pain relief, level of alertness, and vital signs were assessed
      at 60 and 120 minutes after each study drug dose, before additional doses, and at
      discharge. Eighteen patients (12 men, six women; mean age, 29.3 +/- 7.7 years)
      were studied. Six received only morphine, six received only butorphanol, and six
      received each treatment at some time during the study period, resulting in 45
      randomizations to treatment. The two therapies did not differ significantly (P
      greater than .40) with respect to pain or relief of pain scores, level of
      alertness, or vital signs. The discharge rate was 69.6% and 68.2% with morphine
      and butorphanol, respectively (P = .92). The incidence of adverse effects was 13%
      and 23% with morphine and butorphanol, respectively (P = .46). We conclude that
      morphine and butorphanol are equally effective in the treatment of sickle cell
      crisis pain.

PMID- 3394981
TI  - Rational ordering of cervical spine radiographs following trauma.
AB  - A retrospective review of 312 hospitalized patients with cervical spine injuries
      was conducted to identify presenting signs, symptoms, and coexisting conditions,
      and to determine if any injuries were not diagnosed in the emergency department.
      Of the 257 (82%) patients who were alert on ED evaluation, 215 (84%) complained
      of neck pain or tenderness. Of the remaining 42 alert patients without neck pain,
      34 had sensory or motor symptoms or signs suggestive of cervical spine injury,
      and eight had significantly painful other injuries. Of the 284 patients
      presenting within the first 48 hours after injury, 23 were not diagnosed
      initially, 21 because radiographs were initially read as negative and two because
      no radiographs were taken. A significant number of patients had more than one
      fracture of the spinal column. A stepwise approach to rational ordering of
      cervical spine radiographs in blunt trauma is proposed.

PMID- 3394982
TI  - Urinary lactic dehydrogenase as a marker of renal injury in blunt trauma patients
      with hematuria.
AB  - We evaluated the use of urinary lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) in predicting renal
      injury in a convenience sample of 36 blunt trauma patients with hematuria. The
      mean +/- SEM urinary LDH for the five patients with renal injuries was 129.4 +/-
      35 U/L, which was not significantly different from the mean urinary LDH levels in
      either the 22 patients without demonstrable genitourinary or retroperitoneal
      injuries (92.9 +/- 20.7 U/L) or the nine patients with nonrenal genitourinary or
      retroperitoneal injuries (165 +/- 46 U/L). Urinary LDH at a threshold of 135 U/L
      was more specific (75% vs 53%, P less than .01) and more accurate (74% vs 57%, P
      less than .01) than hematuria at a threshold of 50 red blood cells per high-power
      field in predicting lacerations of the kidney or ureter; urinary LDH was less
      sensitive than hematuria at these thresholds (67% vs 100%), but not
      significantly. We conclude that urinary LDH is a nonspecific marker of cellular
      disruption anywhere along the genitourinary tract in otherwise healthy blunt
      trauma patients.

PMID- 3394983
TI  - Accidental hydrocarbon ingestion cases telephoned to a regional poison center.
AB  - One hundred eighty-four telephone calls to the Texas State Poison Center
      concerning accidental hydrocarbon ingestion were reviewed in an attempt to define
      the risk of developing any subsequent medical problem requiring therapeutic
      intervention. Special attention was given to changing symptom severity in an
      attempt to evaluate its usefulness in predicting future complications. One
      hundred twenty patients (65%) had no initial symptoms and remained asymptomatic
      throughout an 18-hour follow-up period. Sixty-two (34%) of patients had symptoms
      initially but quickly became asymptomatic. Two (1%) developed significant
      complications (one chemical pneumonitis, one death). These data suggest that the
      risk of significant complications after accidental hydrocarbon ingestion is low
      (approximately 1% of patients at risk). Patients who are asymptomatic or who
      quickly become asymptomatic can be watched safely at home, and referral of
      asymptomatic patients to a hospital may be unwarranted.

PMID- 3394984
TI  - Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a six-year experience in a suburban-rural system.
AB  - All out-of-hospital cardiac arrest advanced life support (ALS) trip sheets were
      collected from January 1980 through December 1985 for this suburban-rural system.
      Information was extracted according to a uniform reporting format. In our study,
      18% of patients with early CPR (less than four minutes) and early ALS (less than
      ten minutes) survived to hospital discharge, compared with 7% with early CPR and
      late ALS, 6% with late CPR and early ALS, and 3% with both occurring late.
      Although 75% of the survivors had ventricular tachyarrhythmias as initial
      rhythms, bradyasystolic arrests were not uniformly lethal, even with long CPR and
      ALS times. This study supports the need for early CPR in the prehospital care of
      potential sudden-death victims. We recommend, with qualification, this reporting
      format to emergency medical services systems to describe their cardiac arrest
      experience.

PMID- 3394985
TI  - The frequency of 'occult' ventricular fibrillation masquerading as a flat line in
      prehospital cardiac arrest.
AB  - We investigated the frequency with which a "vector of ventricular fibrillation"
      may exist in persons in prehospital cardiac arrest. Emergency medical technicians
      trained in defibrillation were directed to record the rhythm in three different
      monitor leads whenever they noted an initial flat line. Before these lead
      switches, the technicians performed a flat line protocol that included inspection
      of the lead connections to the patient and to the defibrillator, and checks of
      the calibration and battery status of the devices. They performed this flat line
      protocol for 127 cardiac arrest patients; 118 were in confirmed asystole after
      technical problems were corrected. Ventricular fibrillation was detected in only
      three (2.5%) when the monitor lead was switched. Initial technical problems were
      more frequent and were identified for ten patients (8%). The frequency of occult
      ventricular fibrillation (three of 118 asystolic patients) yields a 95%
      confidence that the true frequency is no greater than 8% to 9%. This suggests
      that ventricular fibrillation masquerading as asystole is rare. These data do not
      support protocols for empiric countershocks of patients with an initial flat line
      on the monitor.

PMID- 3394986
TI  - An innovative approach to medical control: semiautomatic defibrillators with
      solid-state memory modules for recording cardiac arrest events.
AB  - We evaluated the use of microprocessor-based memory modules incorporated into
      automatic external defibrillators. These solid-state modules store information
      about each clinical use, including selected segments of the ECG rhythm and
      notations on defibrillator operation. A playback unit provides annotated
      printouts of the recorded information. The purpose of our evaluation was to
      determine whether this memory module could adequately support medical control
      "run-reviews" when compared with dualfunction (voice and ECG) tape recordings. A
      total of 41 resuscitation attempts by emergency medical technicians trained to
      defibrillate (EMT-Ds) were evaluated in five preselected performance areas:
      defibrillation skills, command and communication at the scene, patient assessment
      and support, safety, and speed. When performance was reviewed using the tape
      recordings, the average EMT-D performance score was 16.2 (maximum, 20); when
      reviewed using the printouts from the medical control modules, the average score,
      7.2, was significantly lower (P less than .01). The lower scores with the medical
      control module occurred because not all five areas of skill could be evaluated
      adequately by the memory module approach. Assessment of the areas of
      communication/command at the scene, patient assessment/support, and safety
      required verbal tape recordings. The medical control module appeared superior to
      the tape recordings at providing a quick, convenient, and accurate evaluation of
      rhythm assessment, shock decisions, time intervals, and defibrillator
      performance. They make several features of medical control review easier and more
      convenient, and may encourage implementation of early defibrillation programs. We
      conclude, however, that medical control modules cannot replace on-scene tape
      recordings for adequate medical control of EMT-D programs.

PMID- 3394987
TI  - A new model for providing prehospital medical care in large stadiums.
AB  - To determine proper priorities for the provision of health care in large
      stadiums, we studied the medical incident patterns occurring in a major college
      facility and combined this with previously reported information from four other
      large stadiums. Medical incidents were an uncommon occurrence (1.20 to 5.23 per
      10,000 people) with true medical emergencies being even more unusual (0.09 to
      0.31 per 10,000 people). Cardiac arrest was rare (0.01 to 0.04 events per 10,000
      people). However, the rates of successful resuscitation in three studies were 85%
      or higher. The previous studies were descriptive in nature and failed to provide
      specific recommendations for medical aid system configuration or response times.
      A model is proposed to provide rapid response of advanced life support care to
      victims of cardiac arrest. We believe that the use of this model in large
      stadiums throughout the United States could save as many as 100 lives during each
      football season.

PMID- 3394988
TI  - Trauma in pregnancy.

PMID- 3394989
TI  - Blunt laryngeal trauma associated with shoulder harness use.
AB  - A case of blunt laryngeal trauma secondary to use of a shoulder harness is
      presented. The patient, restrained with a lap and shoulder belt, was the occupant
      of an automobile involved in a rear-end collision. She presented with left
      anterior neck pain and two hours later developed hoarseness and hemoptysis. A
      laryngeal laceration, identified by laryngoscopy, was surgically repaired after
      tracheostomy. The patient had an uncomplicated hospital course and uneventful
      recovery.

PMID- 3394990
TI  - Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis.
AB  - We present the case of a 21-year-old man who presented to the emergency
      department with an episode of profound weakness due to thyrotoxic periodic
      paralysis, a syndrome of muscular weakness occurring in patients with
      hyperthyroidism. Prior to the diagnosis, the patient was treated with a
      parenteral tranquilizer. When hypokalemia was discovered, potassium was
      administered, resulting in the development of hyperkalemia. Episodes of
      thyrotoxic periodic paralysis are usually self limited, and recovery of motor
      strength is complete. However, potassium is frequently administered to hasten
      recovery and prevent cardiac arrhythmias and respiratory arrest. Serum potassium
      must, therefore, be monitored carefully in these patients during treatment.

PMID- 3394992
TI  - Traumatic disruption of the subclavian artery and brachial plexus in a patient
      with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.
AB  - A 17-year-old girl with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome underwent simple reduction of a
      dislocated shoulder that was complicated by disruption of the subclavian artery
      and brachial plexus. The shoulder dislocation was a recurrent condition that had
      been treated successfully on several previous occasions without complication.
      During the relocation process, only minor upper extremity manipulation caused
      injury to the brachial plexus and subclavian artery. Management of an iatrogenic
      vascular injury was made difficult by the fragile consistency of the anterial
      wall that would not hold sutures. Amputation of the patient's arm ultimately was
      required.

PMID- 3394991
TI  - Heterotopic pregnancy after in vitro fertilization and ovulatory drugs.
AB  - We report two cases of heterotopic pregnancy in women who were previously
      infertile. One of these patients conceived with the aid of ovulation stimulatory
      drugs, and the other from in vitro fertilization. In each case an ultrasound of
      the pelvis revealed a viable intrauterine pregnancy (twins in one case). Both
      patients presented in hypovolemic shock and required exploratory laparotomy. At
      the time of surgery a ruptured ectopic pregnancy with accompanying hemoperitoneum
      was found in each. Simultaneous ectopic and intrauterine pregnancy, though rare,
      should be suspected in patients who conceive with the aid of ovulatory drugs or
      in vitro fertilization.

PMID- 3394993
TI  - Orbital emphysema: a potentially blinding complication following orbital
      fractures.
AB  - A case of visual loss due to orbital emphysema secondary to a blow-out fracture
      of the orbit is presented. Because vision returned to 20/20 following an optic
      nerve decompression procedure, we hypothesize that our patient developed a
      compressive optic neuropathy with ischemia due to the emphysema. Essential
      instructions concerning the injury that the emergency physician should give the
      patient suffering an orbital blow-out are also presented.

PMID- 3394994
TI  - Calcaneal fracture with compartment syndrome of the foot.
AB  - We report the unusual case of a compartment syndrome of the foot that developed
      after a calcaneal fracture in a 68-year-old man. The diagnosis was suspected
      clinically because of pain in excess of his injury and was confirmed with direct
      tissue pressure measurements. Surgical decompression of all the compartments was
      required with evacuation of a plantar hematoma.

PMID- 3394995
TI  - Care in Afghanistan.

PMID- 3394996
TI  - Working with COBRA to ensure access to care.

PMID- 3394997
TI  - Chest pain clinic to improve follow-up?

PMID- 3394998
TI  - Of college fads, bottle caps, and esophageal obstruction.

PMID- 3394999
TI  - Bupivacaine versus lidocaine: which works best?

PMID- 3395000
TI  - Termination of intractable hiccups with digital rectal massage.

PMID- 3395002
TI  - Patient history and drug reaction.

PMID- 3395001
TI  - Ventricular tachycardia as a complication of digital rectal massage.

PMID- 3395004
TI  - Intralingual naloxone injections.

PMID- 3395003
TI  - Rectal bezoar from sunflower seeds.

PMID- 3395005
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of tobramycin in cats.
AB  - Tobramycin was administered to cats and its serum concentration vs time data were
      analyzed by use of a noncompartmental model. In the first experiment, 5 mg of
      tobramycin/kg of body weight was administered IV, IM, and then SC to 6 cats, 3
      weeks apart. After IV administration, the mean +/- SD total body clearance of
      tobramycin was 2.21 +/- 0.59 ml/min/kg, and the apparent volume of distribution
      at steady state was 0.19 +/- 0.03 L/kg. The mean residence time was 90.5 +/- 16.2
      minutes, with a harmonic mean serum half-life of 68.9 +/- 9.7 minutes. Blood urea
      nitrogen and serum creatinine concentrations were increased 3 weeks after the IV
      injection and also 3 weeks after the IM injection, which suggested possible renal
      damage. Moreover, large area under the curve values developed after IM and SC
      administrations, resulting in bioavailabilities of 159.5% and 189.9%,
      respectively, with no change in elimination rate. These results suggested a
      change in distribution, possibly caused by saturation of renal binding sites by
      residual tobramycin from the previous injection of 5 mg/kg. In experiment 2, 6
      other cats were given 3 mg of tobramycin/kg by the same routes as before, but
      using a crossover design. Bioavailability after IM and SC administrations was
      102.5% and 99.2%, respectively, indicating complete absorption of tobramycin. The
      BUN concentration increased in 3 cats, and serum creatinine concentration
      increased in 1 of these 3 cats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3395006
TI  - Cardiovascular effects of hydralazine HCl administration in horses.
AB  - Six standing awake adult horses were instrumented for measurement of mean
      arterial, central venous, and pulmonary arterial blood pressures (mm of Hg),
      thermodilution cardiac output (ml/kg/min), and pulmonary arterial blood
      temperature (C). Total peripheral resistance was calculated from these values.
      Base-line data were accumulated, and a single dose of hydralazine HCl (0.5 mg/kg)
      was administered IV. Horses were monitored for 420 minutes after hydralazine
      administration. Mean arterial and central venous blood pressures did not change
      from the base-line values. Cardiac output and heart rate were increased above
      base-line values for 260 minutes. Total peripheral resistance was decreased for
      240 minutes. Pulmonary arterial blood temperature was decreased for 60 minutes
      after drug administration. Mean pulmonary arterial pressure relative to the base
      line mean was intermittently decreased during the study. Intravenously
      administered hydralazine HCl appears to be an effective vasodilator, with
      moderate duration of action in horses.

PMID- 3395008
TI  - Percutaneous endoscopic tube gastrostomy in dogs.
AB  - Percutaneous endoscopic tube gastrostomy was performed in 10 dogs, using mushroom
      tip catheters (16 to 24 F) maintained in place for 5 to 32 days. Dogs were
      observed daily. Although placement of the catheter was simple and quick, 3 dogs
      destroyed their catheters. Patency of the catheter was maintained with or without
      regular flushings with saline solution. Pyrexia (greater than or equal to 39.4 C)
      developed in 3 dogs, but the rectal temperature returned to base line within 24
      hours after catheter removal. After catheter removal, all wounds healed without
      complication. All dogs were euthanatized. Five were examined radiographically
      before euthanasia to determine the fate of the mushroom tip after transection of
      the catheter at skin level between days 5 and 21, and 5 dogs were evaluated at
      postmortem examination between days 10 and 32. In all dogs, the tip was not
      present in the gastrointestinal tract by 96 hours after catheter transection.
      During postmortem examination of the 5 dogs, minimal inflammatory lesions were
      seen in the gastric tissue. A gastrocutaneous fistula had formed in each dog,
      resulting in an adhesion between the stomach and peritoneum.

PMID- 3395007
TI  - Radioimmunoassay for etorphine in horses with a 125I analog of etorphine.
AB  - To improve the sensitivity and specificity of screening for etorphine in horses,
      an 125I-labeled etorphine analog was synthesized and an antibody to etorphine was
      raised in rabbits. A radioimmunoassay (RIA) for etorphine was developed, using
      these reagents. Bound and free 125I-labeled etorphine was separated by a double
      antibody method that reduced interference from materials associated with equine
      urine. The 125I-labeled etorphine binding was rarely greater than 250 pg of
      background etorphine equivalents/ml in raw urine and was 100 pg/ml in hydrolyzed
      urine. The 125I-RIA was capable of detecting etorphine equivalents in urine above
      these background values. Etorphine equivalents were detected in equine urine
      samples for about 7 days after 4 mares were dosed with 0.22 microgram of
      etorphine/kg of body weight, IV. The stability of etorphine in urine from these
      mares was evaluated. Urine from these dosed mares was held in constant -20 C
      storage, and aliquots were repeatedly frozen and thawed. When analyzed for
      etorphine equivalents using an 125I-RIA, etorphine and its metabolites in urine
      samples were stable for less than or equal to 38 days if continuously frozen and
      also were resistant to repeated freezing and thawing.

PMID- 3395009
TI  - Influence of nonbiologic implants on laminectomy membrane formation in dogs.
AB  - The effects of various surgical implants, spinal cord hypothermia, and
      glucocorticoid administration on formation of the laminectomy membrane were
      evaluated in 32 preconditioned chondrodystrophoid dogs. Modified dorsal
      laminectomies and full-length durotomies, from T12 to L1, were performed on all
      dogs. Dogs were allotted to 2 groups. Group-1 dogs (n = 20) were further
      allocated to 4 subgroups (a, b, c, and d) consisting of 5 dogs each. Group-1a
      dogs received no implant, group-1b dogs had absorbable gelatin sponges implanted,
      group-1c dogs had absorbable gelatin films implanted, and group-1d dogs had
      absorbable gelatin sponges and absorbable gelatin films implanted. Daily
      neurologic examinations permitted correlation of neurologic dysfunction with
      secondary spinal cord compression in those dogs in which it developed. The
      influence of these implants on laminectomy membrane formation and dural healing
      was assessed by gross and microscopic evaluation of transverse sections of the
      vertebrae and spinal cord after euthanasia of one member of each subgroup at 1,
      2, 4, 8, and 16 weeks after surgery. Group-2 dogs (n = 12) were further allotted
      to 3 subgroups (a, b, and c) consisting of 4 dogs each. One dog in each group-2
      subgroup underwent the same surgical procedures described for the group-1
      subgroups (ie, 4 procedures/group-2 subgroup). The additional effects of 3
      conventional supportive techniques (selective regional spinal cord hypothermia,
      glucocorticoid administration, or spinal cord hypothermia and glucocorticoid
      administration) on laminectomy membrane formation and on immediate postoperative
      recovery were examined in groups 2a, 2b, and 2c, respectively. Neurologic
      examinations were performed daily until this time. All dogs in group 2 were
      euthanatized 1 week after surgery for gross and microscopic examination of
      transverse sections of the vertebrae and spinal cord. Qualitative histopathologic
      effects of the different implants and supportive techniques on formation of the
      laminectomy membrane were determined. Statistical analysis of the degrees of
      secondary spinal cord compression was performed in group-1 dogs by measuring and
      comparing ratios of the vertical to the horizontal diameters of the transverse
      spinal cord sections from locations within (T12 to L1) and out of (T11, T11-12,
      L1-2, and L2) the region of surgical intervention. The vertical/horizontal
      diameter ratios measured from transverse sections from T11 to L2 in size-matched,
      untreated control dogs formed the standards for a mean roundness index of the
      spinal cord in the various anatomic locations of the vertebral column.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3395010
TI  - A technique for catheterization of the equine antebrachiocarpal joint.
AB  - A 2.5-cm long, 0.8 mm in diameter catheter was placed percutaneously into the
      palmarolateral pouch of the antebrachiocarpal joint in 6 clinically normal
      horses. The catheter was affixed in place for 72 hours. Cytologic analysis was
      performed on synovial fluid specimens obtained through the catheter at
      postcatheterization hours (PCH) 0, 24, and 72. The horses were euthanatized at
      PCH 72, and macroscopic and microscopic examinations were performed on the dorsal
      portion of the joint capsule and the palmarolateral pouch of the catheterized and
      contralateral (noncatheterized) joint. Clinical, synovial fluid cytologic, and
      synovial membrane histologic examinations were performed to assess the effect of
      the catheter on clinically normal equine synovial membrane. Serially obtained
      synovial fluid specimens were yellow and clear or hazy and had good mucinous
      precipitate quality at all times in all horses, except 2, in which the catheter
      required readjustment. Mean refractive index was slightly decreased, and the RBC
      count was high at PCH 24 and 72, compared with PCH 0; the highest RBC count was
      12,550 cells/microliter (PCH 24). Statistically significant (P less than 0.05)
      increases were observed in WBC, neutrophil, and large and small mononuclear cell
      counts between PCH 0 and 72. These increases were modest, except the mean WBC
      count (51,000 cells/microliter, PCH 72) observed in 1 horse in which the catheter
      was dislodged, requiring reinsertion into the joint. At necropsy, subcutaneous
      hemorrhages were observed at the catheter insertion site in all horses. The
      synovial membrane of the catheterized joint was discolored (ranging from yellow
      orange to salmon), compared with the contralateral synovium (noncatheterized
      joint).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3395011
TI  - Comparative study of assays for stimulated fluid pinocytosis in canine and human
      neutrophils.
AB  - We compared a flow cytometric assay of fluid pinocytosis in stimulated
      neutrophils with previously used methods, including spectrophotofluorometric
      assay of fluoresceinated dextran (FD) uptake and beta scintillation spectroscopic
      assay of radiolabeled sucrose uptake. Neutrophils from human and canine blood
      were stimulated with formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine and phorbol myristate
      acetate, respectively. Flow cytometry was used to quantitate uptake of FD and
      lucifer yellow, spectrophotometry was used to quantitate uptake of FD, and
      spectroscopy was used to quantitate uptake of 14C-labeled sucrose. The flow
      cytometric assay, using either FD or lucifer yellow, was found to be superior on
      the basis of maximal incremental increase observed, minimal variability within
      replicate experiments, and maximal sensitivity to detect early stimulation of
      fluid pinocytosis in neutrophils.

PMID- 3395012
TI  - Adherence of Bordetella avium to tracheal mucosa of turkeys: correlation with
      hemagglutination.
AB  - Adherence to turkey tracheal mucosa and agglutination of guinea pig erythrocytes
      were determined for 20 strains of Bordetella avium. Ten type-I strains, 7 type-II
      strains, 2 transposon-induced mutants, and 1 revertant were evaluated. All type-I
      strains adhered readily to tracheal mucosa and agglutinated erythrocytes, whereas
      no type-II strains adhered to trachea or caused hemagglutination (HA). Two
      mutants selected for loss of HA activity were less adherent to tracheal mucosa,
      compared with the parent strain. Reversion of one mutant to HA-positive status
      was accompanied by reconstitution of much of its adherence capacity. Results of
      this study provide preliminary evidence that tracheal adherence and HA of B avium
      are closely related.

PMID- 3395014
TI  - Covalently protein-bound bilirubin conjugates in cholestatic disease of dogs.
AB  - We investigated the occurrence of covalently protein-bound bilirubins in the
      plasma of dogs with hyperbilirubinemia attributable to hepatobiliary diseases or
      Coombs test-positive hemolysis. The bilirubins in plasma were measured with the
      conventional Van den Bergh reaction, by treatment with diazotized p-iodoaniline,
      and by high-performance liquid chromatography of bilirubin and its methylesters
      after alkaline methanolysis. All but one dog had covalently protein-bound
      bilirubin conjugates. The concentration and the fraction of total bilirubins
      varied in all diseases investigated, but they tended to be low in primary
      hemolysis. The "biliprotein" complex accounted for 2 to 94% of total plasma
      bilirubins. Because biliprotein usually is not cleared by the liver, but has a
      half-life comparable with that of albumin, it prevents the evaluation of the
      actual state of the underlying disease. Measurement of the total bilirubin
      concentration exclusively with the Van den Bergh reaction, therefore, is
      clinically useless. Other methods should be introduced for routine bilirubin
      assays, permitting the measurement of noncovalently bound pigment as a meaningful
      estimate of the course of the disease.

PMID- 3395013
TI  - Identification of protein A from Staphylococcus intermedius isolated from canine
      skin.
AB  - Protein A was identified in cell wall-bound and secreted forms from
      Staphylococcus intermedius isolated from canine skin. A direct binding
      radioimmunoassay for the detection of bacterial surface Fc receptors identified
      48 of 50 S intermedius isolates that contained cell wall-bound protein A. Using a
      competitive binding radioimmunoassay for the detection of Fc-reactive proteins in
      bacterial culture supernatants, we identified 9 of 50 clinical isolates of S
      intermedius that secreted measurable quantities of an Fc receptor into the
      culture medium. Concentrated culture supernatants from these isolates were
      analyzed by western blotting techniques and probed with either a radiolabeled
      human IgG Fc-specific probe or a radiolabeled affinity-purified chicken antibody
      against protein A. The studies reported here confirmed that Fc receptors are
      secreted by S intermedius isolates from dogs and are antigenically and
      functionally similar or are identical to staphylococcal protein A. Analysis of Fc
      receptor secretion by S intermedius strains, isolated from dogs with a variety of
      dermatologic conditions, suggested a trend between severity of skin disease and
      the extent of Fc receptor secretion.

PMID- 3395015
TI  - Procoagulant activity in respiratory tract secretions from horses with chronic
      pulmonary disease.
AB  - Cell-free supernatants (sol phases), obtained after centrifugation (50,000 x g
      for 45 minutes) of respiratory tract secretions from horses with chronic
      pulmonary disease, were assayed for procoagulant activity (PCA) in a one-stage
      clotting assay. Of the 103 specimens tested, 59% (61) contained PCA. Procoagulant
      activity was detected most often in respiratory tract secretions of severely
      affected horses and was correlated with the quantity of neutrophils in the
      respiratory tract secretions. In 12 of the 17 secretions tested, the clotting
      time was decreased in a dose-dependent manner. However, in the coagulation assay,
      some reversal of PCA or inhibition of coagulation was observed in 4 secretion
      specimens when greater volumes of sol phase were added. Procoagulant activity was
      characterized tentatively as tissue factor, because it was temperature stable and
      was inhibited by phospholipase C and by concanavalin A. Clotting was induced in
      factor VIII-deficient human plasma; however, with the exception of 1 respiratory
      secretion specimen, clotting was not enhanced in factor VII-deficient human
      plasma. Procoagulant activity is a useful indicator of airway inflammation.

PMID- 3395016
TI  - Effect of an interfering substance on determination of potassium by ion-specific
      potentiometry in animal urine.
AB  - Analytical characteristics of photometry and ion-specific potentiometry for urine
      from sheep, horses, cows, dogs, and cats were determined, using solutions of
      sodium and potassium chloride. The performance of both methods were acceptable,
      but the ion-specific potentiometer (in the mode for urine analysis) was superior
      in terms of linearity of response and correlation between actual vs measured
      concentrations. Coefficients of variation of either method for repeated analyses
      of various concentrations of sodium and potassium were always less than 2.5%. The
      measurement of sodium concentration in urine samples correlated well between both
      methods for samples from sheep, horses, cows, dogs, and cats. In contrast,
      measurement of potassium concentrations in urine samples from sheep, horses,
      cows, and cats was underestimated consistently by ion-specific potentiometry. The
      magnitude of the apparent error was variable between species and was often
      increased with greater urine potassium concentrations. These phenomena were not
      seen in urine samples from dogs. Sequential dilution of urine samples from sheep
      before analysis reduced the magnitude of the error observed by ion-specific
      potentiometry. Seemingly, an equilibrium process existed in which potassium was
      bound by an anionic or zwitterionic chemical and was sequestered from interaction
      with the ion-specific electrode. Ultrafiltration experiments indicated the
      putative potassium chelator was a low molecular weight compound.

PMID- 3395017
TI  - Effect of D-glucose on in vitro short-circuit current in neonatal calf jejunum
      and rabbit ileum.
AB  - Thin sheets of mucosa from small intestine of neonatal calves were mounted in
      incubation chambers for in vitro studies. These mucosal sheets generated a
      potential difference (PD) of 2.05 +/- 0.02 mV (mean +/- SEM), short-circuit
      current (SCC) of 23.32 +/- 3.81 microA x cm2, and tissue resistance of 86.22 +/-
      4.41 ohms x cm2 (n = 6). Ouabain in the serosal bathing solution caused a sharp
      decrease in the SCC (P less than 0.01) and PD (P less than 0.005), a decrease in
      tissue K content (P less than 0.05), and an increase in tissue Na content (P less
      than 0.05). The mucosa responded to D-glucose by an increase in PD (P less than
      0.001) and SCC (P less than 0.001). In vitro methods used in the calf were
      validated in similar experiments on rabbit ileum.

PMID- 3395018
TI  - Effects of xylazine on cecal mechanical activity and cecal blood flow in healthy
      horses.
AB  - Mechanical activity of the cecal body, lateral cecal arterial blood flow, carotid
      arterial pressure, and heart rate were measured in 6 conscious healthy horses 30
      minutes before and for 120 minutes after IV administration of xylazine at dosages
      of 1.1 mg/kg of body weight, 0.55 mg/kg, and 0.275 mg/kg. Xylazine at a dosage of
      1.1 mg/kg reduced the mean motility index (the product of the mean amplitude of
      contractions and the total duration of contractile activity divided by the
      recording time) of the circular and longitudinal muscle layers for the first,
      second, third, and fourth 30-minute periods after administration of xylazine.
      Xylazine at a dosage of 0.55 mg/kg reduced the motility index of the circular and
      longitudinal muscle layers for the first and second 30-minute periods after
      administration of xylazine. Xylazine at a dosage of 0.275 mg/kg reduced the
      motility index of the circular and longitudinal muscle layers for the first 30
      minute period after administration of xylazine. Mean lateral cecal arterial blood
      flow was significantly (P less than 0.05) lower than the base-line value at 2 and
      4 minutes after administration of all 3 xylazine dosages and at 8 minutes after
      administration of xylazine dosages of 1.1 mg/kg and 0.55 mg/kg. All dosages of
      xylazine caused transient hypertension and bradycardia, followed by hypotension.

PMID- 3395019
TI  - Effect of stocking rate, grazing system, and fenbendazole treatment on
      subclinical parasitism in dairy heifers.
AB  - Average daily weight and fecal parasitic egg count were compared among sixty 7-
      to 15-month-old Holstein heifers randomly assigned to 8 groups. The following
      variables were examined: grazing system (continuous vs rotational), stocking rate
      (3.5 vs 5 heifers/ha), and treatment [control vs dosing with a 10% suspension of
      fenbendazole (5 mg/kg of body weight) given orally 21 and 49 days after heifers
      were placed on pasture]. Two heifers from each group were euthanatized 4 weeks
      after the completion of the 148-day trial to determine the number of parasitic
      larvae and adults in the abomasum and intestine. Heifers treated with
      fenbendazole had significantly (P less than 0.001) fewer fecal ova and fewer
      inhibited abomasal larvae (P less than 0.05) than did controls. Mean total weight
      gain and mean daily rate of gain of fenbendazole-dosed heifers were significantly
      (P less than 0.01) increased by 17.3 kg or 0.12 kg/day, respectively, compared
      with those of nontreated heifers. Seemingly, stocking rate and grazing systems
      had no marked effect on subclinical parasitism in heifers.

PMID- 3395020
TI  - Histologic lesions in broiler chicks given cyclopiazonic acid orally.
AB  - Cyclopiazonic acid dissolved in corn oil was administered by gavage to broiler
      chicks (n = 80) daily, from the day of hatching for 23 days. Chicks were assigned
      to 3 groups (1, 2, or 4 mg of cyclopiazonic acid/kg of body weight); a control
      group was given corn oil. Each group was composed of 10 male and 10 female
      chicks. Surviving chicks were euthanatized and necropsied on day 24. Histologic
      examination revealed that the most common lesions consisted of necrosis and
      hemorrhage or hyperplasia of the mucosa of the proventriculus and hepatocellular
      vacuolation. Skeletal muscle degeneration, characterized by myofiber swelling or
      fragmentation accompanied by an infiltrate of macrophages and heterophils, was
      detected in the group given 4 mg/kg. This degeneration was associated with an
      increase of plasma creatine kinase activity. Focal hepatocellular and splenic
      necrosis also developed in the groups given 4 mg/kg.

PMID- 3395021
TI  - All-terrain vehicle injuries. A review at a rural level II trauma center.
AB  - All-terrain vehicles (ATVs) have become a major source of morbidity and mortality
      with more than 600 deaths nationwide. Nearly half of those injured are children
      under 16 years. Twenty three ATV accidents were seen at the Guthrie Medical
      Center over a 30 month period ending in August 1986. Ten patients (43.5%) were
      under 16 years old. Of those injured who were older, alcohol was involved in 70
      per cent of the accidents. Five accidents occurred on highways (21.7%), in spite
      of laws banning their use on public roads. Rollover type accidents and collisions
      were the most frequent mechanisms of injury (39% and 35%). Of 18 patients known
      not to have worn a helmet, 61 per cent sustained a closed head injury. In all,
      there were 88 injuries in 23 patients. Common injuries included lacerations (13),
      long bone fractures (13), renal contusions (11) and head injury (11). There were
      two deaths (8.7%), two cord transections with permanent disability, and a below
      knee amputation. ATVs present a serious hazard to adult and children riders
      alike. Age limits, state licensing, safety programs, and protective equipment are
      all recommended as a means to reduce injury and death from recreational riding.

PMID- 3395022
TI  - Construction of ileal reservoir with longitudinal ileal myotomy.
AB  - An attempt was made to construct an ileal reservoir in 15 colectomized dogs by
      making a longitudinal myotomy of 15 cm length. The volume of the myotomized ileal
      segment did not increase, even when accompanied by more than 50 per cent
      obstruction of the distal sigmoid colon for periods of follow-up to 4 months.
      Peristalsis was not altered by the longitudinal muscular incision on the
      antimesenteric side of the ileum. Although the operative technique for
      longitudinal ileal myotomy has the benefit of simplicity compared with
      construction of an ileal reservoir, the latter techniques, which have been used
      clinically on an extensive basis, are more likely to produce a consistent
      distension that is suitable for fecal storage. Although there were no leaks from
      the mucosa and no complications occurred in the 15 dogs evaluated, the dilatation
      of an isolated ileal segment was so minor that this technique appears to have
      little application in the treatment of patients undergoing the endorectal ileal
      pullthrough procedure.

PMID- 3395023
TI  - Traumatic perforations of the esophagus.
AB  - Over the past 15 years nine patients with traumatic mechanical perforations of
      the esophagus have been treated. Seven perforations were iatrogenic, two were
      accidental. One patient treated conservatively did well. Two patients were
      operated on without delay. Their hospitalization was short and they had no
      complications. Six patients were referred to surgery after a delay ranging from 5
      days to 17 days from the time of perforation. Their hospitalization ranged from 9
      to 113 days, averaging 62.7 days. Complications were common and two patients
      died. In order to assure survival of patients with esophageal perforation, early
      aggressive treatment is essential in nearly all instances. In an occasional
      patient with a small and clean perforation at the esophageal inlet, conservative
      treatment may be justified.

PMID- 3395024
TI  - The effect of hepatic artery ligation for irresectable cavernous hemangioma of
      the liver.
AB  - During the past 19 years, 52 cases of hepatic cavernous hemangioma have been
      treated at our institution. Thirty patients underwent hepatic resection. In six
      patients, the extensive tumor mass invaded multiple segments or both lobes of the
      liver and complete resection was deemed hazardous. Therefore, hepatic artery
      ligation was carried out. In all six cases the hemangioma occupied more than two
      segments. Right hepatic artery ligation was done in five patients and left
      hepatic artery ligation in one. All are doing well without complication. The
      longest follow-up is 19 years and the shortest 2 years and 2 months following
      operation. Four patients have been followed for more than 4 years and in all
      patients there are no residual complaints. Computerized tomography (CT) revealed
      the reduction of the tumor size after arterial ligation. One patient suffered
      from cholecystolithiasis 9 years after hepatic artery ligation, and at the time
      of cholecystectomy, a biopsy and microscopic examination of the lesion revealed
      evidence of fibrotic degeneration of the hemangioma. These findings indicate the
      effectiveness of hepatic artery ligation for treatment of hepatic cavernous
      hemangioma that are judged hazardous to resect.

PMID- 3395025
TI  - Primary carcinoma of the gallbladder.
AB  - Forty four patients with primary carcinoma of the gallbladder diagnosed during 12
      years were reviewed. Nineteen patients had histologically proven cancer and the
      remaining 25 patients were diagnosed by laparotomy and/or the several diagnostic
      procedures. The female to male ratio was 1.6 to 1. The mean age was 65.7 years in
      resected cases and 63.5 years in unresected cases. The mean survival times in
      curative, noncurative resection and unresected cases were 49.8, 7.9 and 2.9
      months, respectively. Although early diagnosis is difficult due to the lack of
      specific symptoms and signs, our results suggested that the measurement of serum
      CA 19-9 is a useful marker for detection and ultrasonography is helpful in the
      early assessment of disease. These tests, together with more aggressive surgery,
      may extend the survival of patients with primary carcinoma of the gallbladder.

PMID- 3395026
TI  - Carcinosarcoma of the gallbladder: a case report and review of the literature.
AB  - A case of pedunculated carcinosarcoma of the gallbladder, presenting with common
      duct obstruction is reported; radiological, operative and pathological findings
      are described. The patient was treated with cholecystectomy, common bile duct
      exploration and postoperative radiotherapy applied through a t-tube. Only 20
      cases of carcinosarcoma of the gallbladder have been described. The current state
      of knowledge regarding the natural history of these tumors are reviewed.

PMID- 3395027
TI  - Cefamandole versus cefoxitin prophylaxis in patients undergoing cholecystectomy.
AB  - A prospective, randomized, double-blind study of three different antibiotic
      prophylaxis regimens in 150 patients undergoing cholecystectomy was conducted.
      Group I patients received a 1-gram preoperative dose of cefamandole followed by 4
      additional postoperative doses at 6-hour intervals. Group II received a similar
      regimen except that 2-gram doses of cefamandole were used. Group III received a
      comparable cefoxitin regimen in 2-gram doses. The patients were deemed to be at
      high risk for postoperative infection by virtue of the fact that most (almost
      70%) were obese and all had had a recent attack of cholecystitis. There were no
      significant differences among the 3 groups with respect to postoperative
      infectious complications. It is concluded that perioperative cefamandole and
      cefoxitin are both effective in reducing the postoperative infectious
      complications of cholecystectomy. A 5-gram course of cefamandole is as effective
      as either a 10-gram course of cefamandole or a 10-gram course of cefoxitin and
      could provide a substantial savings in cost.

PMID- 3395028
TI  - Benefit of external carotid endarterectomy in patients with advanced
      cerebrovascular disease.
AB  - The external carotid artery and its branches may serve as critical collateral
      pathways to the cerebral hemisphere when the internal carotid artery is occluded.
      In this setting, a stenotic lesion of the external carotid artery can result in
      hypoperfusion as well as lead to embolic phenomena via enlarged collaterals. This
      is a report of an experience with six external carotid endarterectomies in five
      patients from April 1983 to March 1986. All five of the patients had an internal
      carotid artery occlusion ipsilateral to a significant external carotid artery
      stenosis. Each patient had symptomatic cerebrovascular insufficiency with four of
      the five patients demonstrating clear cut symptoms, which lateralized to the side
      with external carotid stenosis and internal carotid occlusion. These symptoms
      included amaurosis fugax in four patients and transient extremity weakness in two
      patients. Four out of five patients were completely relieved of their symptoms
      after external carotid endarterectomy with follow up periods ranging from 6
      months to 2 and one half years. There were no perioperative neurological deficits
      or complications. The duplex scan was useful in identifying possible candidates
      for this operation. Important technical details include use of an arterial shunt
      and closure of the internal carotid artery stump, which may be a source of
      further emboli. It is concluded that with appropriate patient selection, external
      carotid endarterectomy can be safely employed with gratifying results in patients
      with advanced cerebrovascular disease.

PMID- 3395029
TI  - Acute pseudogout following parathyroidectomy.
AB  - Four patients developed acute arthritis following parathyroidectomy over a 3 year
      period in two general surgical practices. The diagnosis of pseudogout was made by
      clinical presentation, radiologic findings and demonstration of synovial fluid
      crystals exhibiting weakly positive birefringence. Rapid resolution of clinical
      arthritis followed joint aspiration and administration of anti-inflammatory
      agents in all four patients. Patients with hypercalcemia have a high incidence of
      calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal deposition into joints. Rapid drops in
      serum calcium levels can cause shedding of these crystals into synovial fluid
      which may precipitate acute attacks of pseudogout. Because the relative
      hypocalcemia following parathyroidectomy provides a good stimulus for crystal
      shedding, it follows that hypercalcemic patients undergoing parathyroidectomy
      should experience a high incidence of acute pseudogout. Although this entity has
      been described before, its occurrence is not widely recognized in clinical
      practice. It is proposed that these four cases observed over a 3 year period
      indicate that pseudogout following parathyroidectomy occurs more commonly than
      previously recognized.

PMID- 3395030
TI  - Effects of transient ischemia on the healing small bowel anastomosis.
AB  - The small bowel may be subjected to transient, yet reversible ischemia in
      situations such as volvulus, thromboembolism, and low flow states. The surgeon is
      frequently faced with the necessity of intestinal resection in treating such
      cases. The remaining bowel, while judged viable may have been exposed to
      significant ischemic injury. The surgeon must decide whether such bowel will heal
      satisfactorily if used in an anastomosis. This study was undertaken to determine
      the effect of transient ischemia on intestinal anastomotic healing in the rat.
      Male albino rats were subjected to superior mesenteric artery occlusion for
      periods of 30 minutes or 45 minutes. The circulation was then re-established. The
      small bowel was the transected and anastomosed. Animals in each group were
      sacrificed at 7 and 10 days and bursting pressures performed to test the healing
      of the anastomosis. Results were compared with a control group having an
      anastomosis without precedent ischemia. There were no significant differences
      among the groups. The data clearly indicate that if the bowel remains viable
      following an ischemic insult its healing is unimpaired.

PMID- 3395031
TI  - Therapeutic colonoscopy in the treatment of colonic pseudo-obstruction.
AB  - Colonic pseudo-obstruction has been recognized since Ogilvie described this
      disease in 1948. Metabolic, surgical, and medical causes have been implicated at
      various times. Treatment has included surgical decompression by cecostomy and
      colectomy. Successful nonoperative decompression by colonoscopy was first
      reported by Kukora and Dent in 1977. Since that report several authors have
      reported their results using this technique. Presented here is a series of nine
      patients with colonic pseudo-obstruction treated initially with colonoscopy.
      Patients presented with a variety of associated conditions, including post
      operative patients, orthopedic injuries, metastatic carcinoma, and an unusual
      case after a normal vaginal delivery. Eight patients responded well to
      colonoscopic decompression. One patient, the second in the series, was unable to
      be decompressed with colonoscopy and underwent a cecostomy under local
      anesthesia. Successive colonoscopy may be required to allow restoration of normal
      colonic function, as was the case in seven of our patients. One death occurred,
      due to unrelated causes. The authors have found colonoscopy to be a safe and
      reliable therapy for colonic pseudo-obstruction.

PMID- 3395032
TI  - [8th meeting of the Pediatric Pneumology Section. Sevilla, 16-17 May 1986.
      Abstracts].

PMID- 3395033
TI  - [9th meeting of the Pediatric Pneumology Section. Tarragona, 8-9 April 1987.
      Abstracts].

PMID- 3395034
TI  - [12th annual meeting of the Section on Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition,
      Spanish Association of Pediatrics. Palma de Mallorca, 29-30 April 1987.
      Abstracts].

PMID- 3395035
TI  - [14th national meeting on pediatric nephrology and 3d national ATS meeting on
      pediatric nephrology. San Sebastian, 17-20 June 1987. Abstracts].

PMID- 3395036
TI  - [10th national meeting on pediatric intensive care and 8th national meeting on
      pediatric and neonatal intensive care units. Zaragoza, 12-13 November 1987.
      Abstracts].

PMID- 3395037
TI  - Malignant pheochromocytoma: effective treatment with a combination of
      cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and dacarbazine.
AB  - STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy and toxicity of combination
      chemotherapy in patients with advanced, malignant pheochromocytoma. DESIGN:
      Nonrandomized, single-arm trial. SETTING: Governmental medical referral center.
      PATIENTS: Fourteen patients with malignant pheochromocytoma confirmed by
      histologic tests. All patients had metastatic disease and elevated urinary
      catecholamine secretion. INTERVENTIONS: After optimization of antihypertensive
      therapy, patients received cyclophosphamide, 750 mg/m2 body surface area on day
      1; vincristine, 1.4 mg/m2 on day 1, and dacarbazine, 600 mg/m2 on days 1 and 2,
      every 21 days. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Combination chemotherapy with
      cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and dacarbazine produced a complete and partial
      response rate of 57% (median duration, 21 months; range, 7 to more than 34).
      Complete and partial biochemical responses were seen in 79% of patients (median
      duration, more than 22 months; range, 6 to more than 35). All responding patients
      had objective improvement in performance status and blood pressure. Toxicity
      included expected hematologic, neurologic, and gastrointestinal effects of
      chemotherapy without serious sequelae. There were four minor hypotensive episodes
      and one minor hypertensive episode. CONCLUSIONS: Combination chemotherapy with
      cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and dacarbazine is effective for advanced
      malignant pheochromocytoma. Urinary catecholamines are useful to ascertain
      biochemical response to therapy.

PMID- 3395038
TI  - Radiation-induced lung injury: a hypersensitivity pneumonitis?
AB  - Radiation pneumonitis occurs 6 to 12 weeks after thoracic irradiation, and is
      thought to be due to direct radiation-induced lung injury. Four patients who
      developed pneumonitis after unilateral thoracic irradiation for carcinoma of the
      breast were studied with bronchoalveolar lavage, gallium scan of the lung, and
      respiratory function tests. On the irradiated side of the chest, all four
      patients showed an increase in total cells recovered from the lavage fluid and a
      marked increase in the percentage of lymphocytes. When results for the
      unirradiated lung were compared with results for the irradiated lung, there was a
      comparable increase in total cells and percentage of lymphocytes. Gallium scans
      showed increases for both irradiated and unirradiated lungs. Prompt improvement
      was seen after corticosteroid therapy in all patients. The fact that abnormal
      findings occur equally in irradiated and unirradiated lung is inconsistent with
      simple direct radiation-induced injury and suggests an immunologically mediated
      mechanism such as a hypersensitivity pneumonitis.

PMID- 3395039
TI  - Reversal of infection with Mycobacterium avium intracellulare by treatment with
      alpha-interferon in a patient with hairy cell leukemia.
AB  - A patient with debilitating hairy cell leukemia and documented Mycobacterium
      avium intracellulare infection unresponsive to standard antituberculous therapy
      who was treated with alpha-interferon is described. A rapid clinical response
      with correction of underlying pancytopenia and eradication of the atypical
      mycobacteria infection was found. No deleterious effects from alpha-interferon
      therapy were found. The associated resolution of anergy and the sterilization of
      bone marrow suggest that the reversal of host cellular immune defects led to the
      eventual control of this patient's infection.

PMID- 3395040
TI  - Graduate primary care training: a collaborative alternative for family practice,
      internal medicine, and pediatrics.
AB  - The Residency Program in Social Medicine at Montefiore Medical Center is a
      collaborative, integrated training program for primary care pediatricians,
      internists, and family physicians within one interdisciplinary organization.
      Since 1970 we have trained more than 200 physicians, prepared them for board
      certification in their specialty, emphasized the psychosocial aspects and social
      determinants of health and illness, and shared a faculty, curriculum, and
      commitment to provide medical care for inner-city, underserved populations. We
      discuss the program's history and curriculum, administrative and academic
      structure, shared "cross-track" faculty units (psychosocial; social medicine; and
      research, education, and evaluation), and graduates' practice outcomes. The
      interdisciplinary character of the Residency Program in Social Medicine helps
      physicians successfully serve the underserved and exemplifies that
      interdisciplinary medical education succeeds when interdisciplinary health care
      teams are organized for optimal patient care. Only the federal government has the
      perspective and power to foster more interdisciplinary collaboration and
      strengthen primary care education in a period of shrinking resources.

PMID- 3395041
TI  - Rhabdomyolysis related to cocaine abuse.

PMID- 3395042
TI  - Odynophagia from aphthous ulcers of the pharynx and esophagus in the acquired
      immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

PMID- 3395043
TI  - Relapsing polychondritis and cardiac valvular involvement.

PMID- 3395044
TI  - Infectious gastroenteritis with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

PMID- 3395045
TI  - Microsporidial myositis and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS): a four
      year follow-up.

PMID- 3395046
TI  - External pneumatic calf compression in patients with malignancy.

PMID- 3395047
TI  - Hemobilia and hemophilia.

PMID- 3395048
TI  - Anaphylactoid reactions after indocyanine-green administration.

PMID- 3395049
TI  - Stool collection for occult blood testing.

PMID- 3395050
TI  - Use of the activated partial thromboplastin time.

PMID- 3395051
TI  - Uncertainty in clinical decisions.

PMID- 3395052
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging and the diagnosis of spinal infections.

PMID- 3395053
TI  - [Anatomoclinical confrontation: abdominal pains, fever and pelvic tumor in a
      young female patient with an intra-uterine device].

PMID- 3395054
TI  - Clinical presentation of adult coeliac disease.

PMID- 3395055
TI  - [Diagnosis of Campylobacter pylori gastritis. Results of bacteriology and
      scanning electron microscopy].

PMID- 3395056
TI  - Plasmapheresis: an effective therapy for cholestatic episodes related to benign
      recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis?

PMID- 3395057
TI  - Treatment of chronic type B hepatitis, positive for the antibody to hepatitis B
      "e" antigen with alpha-2A-interferon.

PMID- 3395058
TI  - Tuberculosis: cause of death in Brussels.

PMID- 3395059
TI  - Current risk factors in pneumococcal bacteremia.

PMID- 3395060
TI  - Selective IgA deficiency and systemic lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 3395061
TI  - [Blood selenium, zinc and copper in alcoholism].

PMID- 3395062
TI  - Reliability and reproducibility of a new device for ambulatory blood pressure
      recording.

PMID- 3395063
TI  - [HLA antigens and anti-insulin alloantibodies in type 1 diabetics].

PMID- 3395064
TI  - Controversy: immunotherapy in glomerulonephritis indicated or not?

PMID- 3395065
TI  - Diagnostic tests of gastric disorders.
AB  - In diagnostic of gastric diseases, fiberendoscopy is today the best procedure. It
      is superior to radiology with respect to the evaluation of mucosal lesions, the
      possibility of taking biopsy and therapeutic interventions like hemostatic
      procedures. Costs for endoscopy are not higher than for radiology. Endoscopy may
      have a certain morbidity - possible infections via the endoscope - and a
      mortality less than one per 10.000. Radiology is still useful with respect to the
      evaluation of motility, the type, form and size of hernias, the presence of
      extrinsic lesions and certain problems after surgical interventions such as
      fundoplication. For determination of gastric secretion, the 24-hour ambulatory
      gastric pH-metry using endoluminal glass electrodes is much more useful than the
      tests of gastric aspiration. Gastric emptying test and measurement of
      duodenogastric reflux play a relatively small role in clinical evaluations.

PMID- 3395067
TI  - Diabetes clinic attendance and metabolic control. A pilot pan clinic study.
AB  - A descriptive analysis made of a total clinic population (127 patients) followed
      at a newly formed diabetic clinic from 1982 to 1985 the charts of all 127
      patients were analysed for age, duration of diabetes and initial mean and last
      recorded haemoglobin A1C from 1st January, 1982 to 31st December, 1985. During
      the period of study, 76 patients continued to attend the clinic regularly and 55
      patients were classified as "Non-Attenders" since they had failed to attend the
      clinic for a period of one year or more prior to a formal recall at the end of
      1985. "Attenders" and "non-attenders" appeared to have similar ages and mean
      haemoglobin A1C's. However, there were more smokers, alcoholics and unemployed in
      the "non-attending" group. When comparison was made between the initial
      haemoglobin A1C (on the patient's first attendance at the clinic) and subsequent
      mean haemoglobin A1C's and final haemoglobin A1C's, it was discovered that the
      diabetic control of many patients that had attended the clinic regularly had not
      improved (45 out of 76). On the otherhand, a considerable number of the "non
      attending" patients had improved spontaneously without clinic attendance (13 out
      of 38). The patients that had attended the clinic and not improved tended to be
      younger, were more often school children, unmarried, unemployed and/or smokers.
      The results reported in this preliminary paper are insufficient to allow full
      statistic analysis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3395068
TI  - Fourth Colloquium in Biological Sciences: Blood-brain transfer.

PMID- 3395066
TI  - Diabetes mellitus type I. Results of a European questionaire.
AB  - An anonymous questionaire concerning diabetes type I was circulated through
      (Young) AEMIE members. Questions were asked regarding available facilities,
      diagnosis, follow-up and therapy. One hundred and six completed questionaires
      were available for study: most were from 5 countries, i.e. 20 from the
      Netherlands (NL), 26 from Great Britain (GB), 16 from France (F), 16 (+2) from
      Belgium (B) (+ Luxemburg = LUX) and 19 from Ireland (IRL). There was a
      preponderance of general internists and internist/diabetologists. In Great
      Britain significantly more participants were internist/diabetologists and they
      treated significantly more patients than other participants. They also had access
      to more facilities, especially diabetes nurses. Most patients appeared to perform
      bloodglucose measurements; only 10 p. 100 of the patients did not measure glucose
      in blood or urine at all. There is general acceptance that bloodglucose
      regulation should be as tight as possible. The allowance of sugar under certain
      conditions was mostly permitted in the Benelux countries. The use of insulin pens
      exceeded that of insulin pumps. The preference for pens was primarily related to
      convenience for patient and doctor and low cost. The main indication for their
      use was bad regulation. This study confirms the impression that there is an
      increased interest in patient education (i.e. diabetes nurses, educational
      programmes and home blood glucose monitoring) amongst European physicians and a
      trend towards using new devices such as insulin pens and pumps in an effort to
      achieve a tighter blood sugar control.

PMID- 3395069
TI  - Structural and functional variations in capillary systems within the brain.
AB  - The major hypothesis of this study is that there are differences among brain
      areas in capillary bed structure and function. Three general differences between
      circumventricular organ and non-CVO capillary beds were found. First, the PS
      products for AIB were about 300 times greater in CVO capillaries than in non-CVO
      (blood-brain barrier) capillaries. Second, the frequency of endothelial cell
      fenestrations was much greater in CVO capillaries than in non-CVO capillaries and
      the fenestrae may be structural modifications of endothelial cells that permit
      ready passage of solutes such as AIB. Third, the frequency of mitochondria was
      greater in BBB capillaries than in CVO capillaries; this high metabolic potential
      of BBB capillaries may be associated, in part, with "carrier-mediated" transport
      of various solutes between plasma and cerebral interstitial fluid. Capillary bed
      differences among all (i.e., both CVO and non-CVO) brain structures were also
      observed. Among these differences are: rate of blood flow, mean transit time of
      albumin, capillary volume and surface area, perfused microvessel blood volume,
      apparent percentage of perfused capillaries, PS products for AIB, and frequency
      within the endothelium of vesicular profiles.

PMID- 3395070
TI  - Role of secretion and bulk flow of brain interstitial fluid in brain volume
      regulation.

PMID- 3395071
TI  - [Effect of the surgical treatment of cleft palate on pathology of the middle ear.
      Apropos of 49 cases].
AB  - The presence of middle ear disease was analyzed in 49 patients with soft palate
      cleft, and more particularly the influence of surgical repair and early therapy.
      Clinical examination, impedancemetry and audiometry carried out preoperatively
      and at follow up more than 3 months after surgery showed that although surgical
      closure of cleft provokes some improvement (40% of cases) some degree of
      seromucous otitis persisted in most patients, with a very partial positive
      influence of early surgery. Other physiopathologic factors are involved in the
      genesis of seromucous otitis, which cannot be cured by early surgery for soft
      palate cleft alone.

PMID- 3395072
TI  - [Cancers of the upper face. The experience of the Gustave Roussy Institute.
      Apropos of 162 cases (1965-1980)].
AB  - Cancer of para-nasal cavities represented only a small group among cancers of
      upper aero-digestive tract; 3 to 4% of 1,200 admissions yearly with cancer of
      head and neck. These cancers may arise from bone or cartilage but originated
      mainly in the mucosal lining of nasal and sinus cavities. In the latter case
      these were carcinomas representing approximately 75% of nasosinusal cancers
      treated. Carcinomas are reviewed, with a distinction between epidermoid and
      glandular types due to their particular evolutive courses, this retrospective
      study involving 162 case-reports of patients over 16 years of age treated
      entirely in the Institut Gustave-Roussy between 1965 and 1980.

PMID- 3395073
TI  - [Olfactory meningioma with ethmoido-orbital extension. Diagnostic and therapeutic
      problems. Apropos of a case].
AB  - Our purpose is to present a case of olfactory meningioma with extensive invasion
      of the orbit and the ethmoid sinuses revealed by an exophthalmia. Diagnosis
      discussions with others tumors of the ethmoid sinuses are presented. Meningioma
      resection was realized simultaneously by ENT surgeons and neurosurgeons through a
      bifrontal coronal skin flap and orbital roof remaining. Anterior skull base
      reconstruction was performed with a madreporic coral graft, which is a simple,
      fast and reliable technique, permitting a complete skull base closure.

PMID- 3395074
TI  - [Cysts of Tornwald's bursa. Apropos of 3 cases].
AB  - Thornwald's cyst is a benign bursa formation of the posterior superior wall of
      the rhinopharynx due to occlusion of the pharyngeal bursa, this entity has been
      known for more than a century but it is only exceptionally observed. A series of
      3 cases have been diagnosed at Hopital Saint-Antoine over the last 6 months and
      the perfect visualization of the cysts by CT scan and MR imaging wall no doubt
      allow their fortuitous detection more frequently.

PMID- 3395075
TI  - [Recurrent laterocervical suppurations. Role of fistulae and cysts of the 4th
      branchial pouch].
AB  - Four cases of fistula of fourth branchial pouch are used as a basis for a
      description of the two possible clinical pictures: left cervical suppuration in a
      neonate with respiratory distress or recurrent cervical cellulitis in an older
      child or young adult usually diagnosed as a suppurative thyroiditis. Diagnostic
      features are outlined and emphasis placed on the need for an adapted surgical
      excision originating at the pharyngeal orifice of the fistula. In two of the four
      cases reported its trajectory was between muscle and mucosa planes and then in
      contact with the cricothyroid joint as a small cord, otherwise unidentifiable.

PMID- 3395076
TI  - [Histopathological characteristics of degenerative modifications of the
      incudomalleolar joint].
AB  - The authors studied histopathologic features of degenerative changes in the
      incudomalleolar articulation in adults. In 40% of the cases signs of degenerative
      changes manifesting as atrophy, fibrosis, hyalinization and calcification were
      recorded. In some cases obliteration of the articular space was noted. In 60% of
      the cases the articulation manifested normal structure.

PMID- 3395078
TI  - [Practical problems of ethmoidectomy by a mixed approach].
AB  - A mixed ENT and neurosurgical approach is employed widely at present for exeresis
      of malignant ethmoidal tumors. The stability of the reconstruction of the
      anterior stage by bone graft is satisfactory in the long term even after
      radiotherapy. The transfacial approach, with or without conservation of the
      maxillonasal bone flap, procures a remarkable opening allowing in most cases a
      monobloc excision.

PMID- 3395077
TI  - [Rare tumors of the larynx. 2 cases].
AB  - Two rare tumors of larynx are reported, one an angiosarcoma and the other an
      amyloid tumor. Histopathological, clinical and biological characteristics and
      course of the disease are analyzed in the light of recent documented data in the
      literature.

PMID- 3395079
TI  - [Surgery of the tip of the nose. Definition of the tip].
AB  - Following a recent publication about the different surgical approaches of the
      alar cartilages, the authors describe the necessary surgical procedure to obtain
      definition, autonomisation as well harmony of the nose tip.

PMID- 3395080
TI  - [Neurotrophic ulceration of the elbow disclosing syringomyelia].

PMID- 3395081
TI  - [Acquired diffuse hypertrichosis during treatment with diazoxide in a newborn
      infant].

PMID- 3395082
TI  - [Is phenylalanine really inoffensive in the treatment of vitiligo?].

PMID- 3395083
TI  - [Herpetiformis dermatitis, pregnancy and disulon].

PMID- 3395084
TI  - [A case for diagnosis: skin ulcers and prolidase deficiency].

PMID- 3395085
TI  - [A case for diagnosis: BCG infection].

PMID- 3395086
TI  - [Pityriasis rubra pilaris].

PMID- 3395087
TI  - Percutaneous saphenectomy.

PMID- 3395088
TI  - Results of percutaneous treatment of sixty-three pancreatic pseudocysts.

PMID- 3395089
TI  - Diagnosis and treatment of fallopian tube obstruction with selective
      salpingography and catheter recanalization.

PMID- 3395090
TI  - [Percutaneous endoluminal dilatation of calcified aortic valve stenoses.
      Immediate results (55 patients)].

PMID- 3395091
TI  - [Hepatic injuries in children. Apropos of 23 cases].

PMID- 3395092
TI  - [Should bilateral inguinal hernia be operated on in one stage?].

PMID- 3395093
TI  - [Esophageal exclusion using resorbable staples: application in one-stage
      conservative treatment in Boerhaave's syndrome].

PMID- 3395094
TI  - [Complications of abdominal surgery in benign gynecological pathology].

PMID- 3395095
TI  - [Treatment of posterior mediastinal abscesses under mediastinoscopy. Apropos of 2
      cases].

PMID- 3395096
TI  - [Pediatric multiple trauma in daily practice: the surgeon confronting pediatric
      multiple trauma].

PMID- 3395097
TI  - [Use of a collagen-coated Vicryl mesh in pulmonary excision].

PMID- 3395098
TI  - [Bronchial carcinoid tumor complicated by acute respiratory distress. Apropos of
      a case].

PMID- 3395099
TI  - Effect of cardiopulmonary bypass on vancomycin and netilmicin disposition.
AB  - The effect of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on the disposition of vancomycin (15
      mg/kg) and of netilmicin (3 mg/kg) was studied in 10 adults. The concentration
      time profile of the drug in serum and renal clearance were characterized pre-CPB,
      during CPB, and post-CPB. Vancomycin and netilmicin exhibited initial decreases
      in mean concentrations in serum of 4.0 mg/liter (16.8%) and 2.2 mg/liter (29.1%),
      respectively, upon initiation of CPB. Netilmicin concentrations in serum
      rebounded to a mean of 0.6 mg/liter (15.4%) within 90 min on CPB and then
      continuously decreased. Vancomycin concentrations in serum demonstrated a rebound
      increase of 2.3 mg/liter (23.5%) at the end of CPB when the aorta was unclamped.
      Mean renal clearance throughout CPB was decreased for vancomycin (58.4 to 43.4
      ml/min per m2) and netilmicin (53.4 to 31.5 ml/min per m2). The rebound in
      vancomycin concentration in serum strongly correlated with the length of time
      between unclamping the aorta and coming off CPB (r = 0.94), as well as with the
      increase in temperature upon rewarming (r = 0.92).

PMID- 3395100
TI  - In vitro susceptibility of Bacillus spp. to selected antimicrobial agents.
AB  - Although often dismissed as contaminants when isolated from blood cultures,
      Bacillus spp. are increasingly recognized as capable of causing serious systemic
      infections. As part of a clinical-microbiological study, 89 strains of Bacillus
      spp. isolated from clinical blood cultures between 1981 and 1985 had their
      species determined and were tested for antimicrobial agent susceptibility to 18
      antibiotics. Species of isolates were determined by the API 50CH and API 20E
      systems. Bacillus cereus (54 strains) was the most common species isolated,
      followed by B. megaterium (13 strains), B. polymyxa (5 strains), B. pumilus (4
      strains), B. subtilis (4 strains), B. circulans (3 strains), B. amyloliquefaciens
      (2 strains), B. licheniformis (1 strain), and Bacillus spp. (3 strains).
      Microdilution MIC susceptibility tests revealed all B. cereus strains to be
      susceptible to imipenem, vancomycin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, and
      ciprofloxacin. Non-B. cereus strains were most susceptible to imipenem,
      vancomycin, LY146032, and ciprofloxacin. Disk susceptibility testing suggested
      that B. cereus was rarely susceptible to penicillins, semisynthetic penicillins,
      or cephalosporins with the exception of mezlocillin. In contrast, many non-B.
      cereus strains were susceptible to penicillins, semisynthetic penicillins, and
      cephalosporins, but marked variability was noted among species.

PMID- 3395101
TI  - Phase I study of a murine monoclonal anti-lipid A antibody in bacteremic and
      nonbacteremic patients.
AB  - Nine patients with suspected gram-negative bacterial sepsis were studied to
      determine the safety, pharmacokinetics, and immunogenicity of XMMEN-0E5, a murine
      immunoglobulin M monoclonal antibody directed against the core lipid A region of
      bacterial endotoxin. Antibody was administered by single intravenous infusion of
      1 to 4 h duration at doses ranging from 0.1 to 15 mg/kg. Five patients had
      positive blood cultures for gram-negative bacteria, one patient had Torulopsis
      septicemia, one patient had gram-negative bacterial meningitis, and two patients
      were culture negative. No evidence of antibody-mediated toxicity was observed at
      any dose level. The serum half-life of the antibody was approximately 10 h at
      doses of 0.1 to 7.5 mg/kg and approximately 18 h at a dose of 15 mg/kg. No
      apparent difference in clearance of antibody was observed between bacteremic and
      nonbacteremic patients. Human anti-mouse antibodies were detected in the sera of
      three evaluable patients that received doses equal to or greater than 2.0 mg/kg
      but not in patients that received lower doses of antibody. This study
      demonstrates that XMMEN-0E5 is well tolerated at doses from 0.1 to 15 mg/kg and
      may be immunogenic at doses of 2.0 mg/kg and above. Controlled trials to
      establish the efficacy of this antibody in the treatment of gram-negative
      bacteremia are indicated.

PMID- 3395102
TI  - Susceptibility of the Bacteroides fragilis group in the United States: analysis
      by site of isolation.
AB  - An ongoing survey of the susceptibility of the Bacteroides fragilis group of
      bacteria was continued at New England Medical Center in 1984 and 1985. A total of
      1,229 strains were obtained from eight centers in the United States. These
      results were compared with those for 1,847 isolates tested in 1981 through 1983.
      The most active beta-lactam drugs were imipenem and ticarcillin-clavulanic acid
      (Timentin), which had a less than 1% resistance rate. No metronidazole- or
      chloramphenicol-resistant isolates were found during the 5 years of the study.
      Isolates obtained from blood, perinatal, and bone sites of infection were more
      resistant to a variety of antimicrobial agents. Susceptibility patterns of the
      members of the B. fragilis group varied at the eight hospitals and among species.
      These data indicate the need for determining the susceptibility patterns for the
      B. fragilis group of organisms at each hospital.

PMID- 3395103
TI  - Multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of intravenously administered cefoperazone and
      sulbactam when given in combination to infected, seriously ill, elderly patients.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of cefoperazone and sulbactam in combination were evaluated
      in six, elderly, seriously ill patients treated with the drug combination for
      intra-abdominal infections. After giving informed consent, three males and three
      females aged 63.5 to 77.5 (mean 67.9) years and weighing 54.5 to 86.8 (mean,
      67.6) kg were treated with cefoperazone (2.0 g) and sulbactam (1.0 g) infused
      intravenously every 12 h for at least 5 days. Cefoperazone and sulbactam
      pharmacokinetics were characterized on both days 1 and 5 of treatment. Eleven
      serial blood samples were obtained just prior to and following dose 1 on days 1
      and 5 of treatment. Mean estimates of cefoperazone maximal concentration in
      plasma (Cmax), area under the curve of drug concentration in plasma versus time
      (AUC), half-life (t 1/2), apparent volume of distribution by the area method
      (Varea), apparent volume of distribution at steady state (Vss), and total body
      clearance (CL) for day 1 (day 5) were 297.5 237.5) micrograms/ml, 1,247 (1,063)
      micrograms.h/ml, 7.0 (4.9) h, 16.1 (13.4) liter, 13.1 (14.4) liter, and 28.9
      (34.2) ml/min, respectively. Day 1 (day 5) mean values for sulbactam Cmax, AUC, t
      1/2, Varea, Vss, and CL were 110.3 (78.0) micrograms/ml, 228 (217)
      micrograms.h/ml, 3.4 (2.5) h, 26.1 (18.5) liter, 18.9 (15.4) liter, and 97 (94)
      ml/min, respectively. Both drugs evidenced slower elimination and greater
      pharmacokinetic variability in these patients compared with values previously
      reported for normal volunteers. As patients improved during the course of
      therapy, the only pharmacokinetic parameter significantly changed between days 1
      and 5 was a shortened sulbactam t 1/2. Our inability to find substantial evidence
      of pharmacokinetic normalization may have been related to sample size and study
      duration. Both drugs were present in potentially therapeutic concentrations for
      the entire 12-h dosing interval, but without undue accumulation from days 1 to 5.

PMID- 3395105
TI  - Treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhea with single-dose imipenem-cilastatin.
AB  - Single 500-mg intramuscular doses of imipenem-cilastatin cured 116 (95%) of 122
      men and 9 of 9 women with uncomplicated gonorrhea due to beta-lactamase-negative
      Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Most co-existing Chlamydia trachomatis infections
      persisted. Imipenem-cilastatin is effective for uncomplicated gonorrhea in men
      but has no advantages over other available regimens.

PMID- 3395106
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of two multiple-dose mezlocillin regimens.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of mezlocillin at two dosages were studied over the course
      of therapy in 12 patients receiving the drug for the treatment of infections.
      Patients received an initial dosing regimen of 4 g every 6 h or 5 g every 8 h,
      which was switched to the alternative regimen after 5 days of treatment. Both
      drug regimens demonstrated similar pharmacokinetic characteristics, which
      suggests that the reported dose-dependent elimination of mezlocillin is not an
      important factor in the clinical use of mezlocillin at the dosages currently
      used.

PMID- 3395104
TI  - Animal model for evaluating the convulsive liability of beta-lactam antibiotics.
AB  - The beta-lactam antibiotics imipenem-cilastatin, BMY-26225, and cefazolin
      significantly lowered the convulsive threshold of pentylenetetrazole in mice. In
      addition, imipenem-cilastatin and cefazolin were found to inhibit 3H-labeled
      gamma-aminobutyric acid binding to synaptic membranes from rat brains. Our
      results suggest that the pentylenetetrazole convulsive model may be useful in
      evaluating the proconvulsive liabilities of new carbapenems and other beta-lactam
      antibiotics and that the mechanism of imipenem-cilastatin and cefazolin toxicity
      may involve interaction with gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors.

PMID- 3395107
TI  - Synergistic interactions of ciprofloxacin and extended-spectrum beta-lactams or
      aminoglycosides against multiply drug-resistant Pseudomonas maltophilia.
AB  - The susceptibility of 28 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas maltophilia to 16
      antimicrobial agents was determined in vitro by a standard agar dilution method
      with inoculum sizes of 10(4) and 10(6) CFU. All isolates exhibited multiple drug
      resistance. Nine isolates were selected for studies of combinations of
      ciprofloxacin with seven antipseudomonal beta-lactams and three aminoglycosides
      by a checkerboard agar dilution technique. Synergistic or additive combinations
      of ciprofloxacin in clinically achievable concentrations were most frequent with
      mezlocillin (89%), followed by cefoperazone (67%), piperacillin (56%), cefsulodin
      (56%), and ceftazidime (33%), and were infrequent with aztreonam (11%), the
      aminoglycosides (0 to 14%), or imipenem (0%). Antagonism was not observed in any
      combination. These data suggest that combinations of ciprofloxacin with these
      agents may be useful for some nosocomial multiply drug-resistant P. maltophilia
      infections.

PMID- 3395108
TI  - Ethane production by Methanosarcina barkeri during growth in ethanol supplemented
      medium.
AB  - Methanosarcina barkeri strain 227 produced ethane during growth on H2/CO2 when
      ethanol was added to the medium in concentrations of 89-974 mM; ethane production
      varied from 14 to 38 nmoles per tube (20 ml gas phase, 5.7 ml liquid) with
      increasing ethanol concentrations. Cells grown to mid-logarithmic phase (A600
      approximately 0.46, protein = 64 micrograms/ml) on H2/CO2, thoroughly flushed
      with H2/CO2, then exposed to ethanol, produced maximal ethane levels (at 585 and
      974 mM ethanol) of about 215 nmoles per tube, with an ethane/methane ratio of 1 x
      10(-3). Mid-logarithmic-phase cultures of Methanosarcina barkeri strain Fusaro
      also produced ethane (up to 20 nmoles per tube) when exposed to ethanol. Cultures
      of strain 227 growing on methanol in the absence of H2 produced less than or
      equal to 6 nmoles per tube of ethane when supplemented with ethanol whereas those
      lacking ethanol but containing H2 and/or methanol produced less than or equal to
      1.6 nmoles per tube. Cultures of Methanococcus deltae strains delta LH and delta
      RC, Methanospirillum hungatei or Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum produced
      less than or equal to 5 nmoles ethane per tube when grown in medium containing
      ethanol. Ethanol concentrations of 177-886 mM were inhibitory to growth of all
      methanogens examined. Production of ethane by Methanosarcina was inhibited by
      greater than 62 mM methanol, and both methanogenic inhibitors tested, CCl4 and Br
      CH2-CH2-SO3-, inhibited ethane and methane production concurrently. The data
      suggest that ethanol is converted to ethane by Methanosarcina species using the
      terminal portion of the methanol-to-methane pathway.

PMID- 3395110
TI  - Desulfotomaculum geothermicum sp. nov., a thermophilic, fatty acid-degrading,
      sulfate-reducing bacterium isolated with H2 from geothermal ground water.
AB  - A strictly anaerobic, thermophilic, fatty acids-degrading, sporulating sulfate
      reducing bacterium was isolated from geothermal ground water. The organism
      stained Gram-negative and formed gas vacuoles during sporulation. Lactate,
      ethanol, fructose and saturated fatty acids up to C18 served as electron donors
      and carbon sources with sulfate as external electron acceptor. Benzoate was not
      used. Stoichiometric measurements revealed a complete oxidation of part of
      butyrate although growth with acetate as only electron donor was not observed.
      The rest of butyrate was oxidized to acetate. The strain grew
      chemolithoautotrophically with hydrogen plus sulfate as energy source and carbon
      dioxide as carbon source without requirement of additional organic carbon like
      acetate. The strain contained a c-type cytochrome and presumably a sulfite
      reductase P582. Optimum temperature, pH and NaCl concentration for growth were 54
      degrees C, pH 7.3-7.5 and 25 to 35 g NaCl/l. The G + C content of DNA was 50.4
      mol %. Strain BSD is proposed as a new species of the spore-forming sulfate
      reducing genus Desulfotomaculum, D. geothermicum.

PMID- 3395111
TI  - Utilization of phenol by hydrocarbon assimilating yeasts.
AB  - 77 Ascomycetous, basidiomycetous as well as imperfect yeast strains of 46
      different species and 20 genera were tested for growth with the substrates n
      octane, n-hexadecane, and phenol. Of 59 yeast strains with ascomycetous cell wall
      structure 33 grew on hydrocarbons and 32 on phenol. No yeast strain out of 26
      which are unable to use n-alkanes as a source of carbon and energy grew on
      phenol. In comparison with the latter 32 out of 33 n-hexadecane assimilating
      yeasts were also capable of using phenol. All n-octane utilizing yeasts of this
      group also assimilate phenol as a carbon source for growth. The correlation of
      the hydrocarbon assimilation with the phenol assimilation seems to be not so
      strong in the basidiomycetous yeasts. 7 out of 18 strains from this group grew on
      n-hexadecane and 13 on phenol. Furthermore, it could be shown that the use of
      hydrocarbons and phenol (as well as methanol) is strongly correlated with the
      coenzyme Q structure of the respective yeast strain. The results are discussed
      with respect to the particular chemical properties of the substrates used and the
      fact that coenzyme Q structure is considered to be an important marker of
      evolutionary relationships among yeasts.

PMID- 3395112
TI  - Effects of deprivation on salivary flow in the apparent absence of food stimuli.
AB  - Salivation performance in the absence of food-related stimuli was measured with
      an absorbent technique in 19 subject under no (0-1 h) and moderate (4-6 h) levels
      of food deprivation. Overall, salivation was reliably (p less than 0.05) greater
      the higher the hours of deprivation. Results also revealed a reliable positive
      correlation between hours of deprivation and subjective ratings of hunger. For
      subjects whose hunger ratings coincided with hours of deprivation, analysis of
      the salivation data yielded highly reliable (p less than 0.01) differences due to
      deprivation/hunger. For subjects who reported the same level of hunger at
      different hours of deprivation, there were no reliable differences in salivation
      due to deprivation.

PMID- 3395109
TI  - Impairment of insulin assimilation and beta-fructosidase activity due to a petite
      mutation in Kluyveromyces marxianus.
AB  - A respiratory deficient mutant of Kluyveromyces fragilis was isolated using
      ethidium bromide mutagenesis. It was characterized by a loss of cytochromes a +
      a3 and deficiency in cytochrome b. This petite mutant has brought about
      modifications in the excretion pattern of beta-fructosidase active on saccharose
      and inulin. The mutant practically no longer excretes the enzyme, and is
      incapable of growth and fermentation in the presence of inulin. The study of the
      activities of different enzyme extracts (culture medium, whole and disrupted
      cells) on inulin and saccharose suggests the existence of an unique enzyme system
      capable of taking several forms, and also shows the influence of the growth
      substrate on the I/S activity ratio.

PMID- 3395114
TI  - Sham drinking of glucose solutions in rats: some effects of hydration.
AB  - Sham-drinking patterns were observed in rats with oesophageal fistulae and
      gastric cannulae. In rats both food- and water-deprived at test, first-session
      sham intake was an inverted U-shaped function of glucose concentration (the
      preference-aversion pattern). Sham intake at low and high extremes rose with
      repeated exposure, so that the function flattened. When the rats were hydrated by
      a gastric water preload, sham intake of glucose at low concentrations was much
      reduced, whereas sham intake at high concentrations was little affected, so that
      the function became monotonic increasing. This time sham intake rose with
      repeated testing at high concentrations, but not low ones, so that the function
      steepenned. At low concentrations, the low sham intakes reflected a rapid
      termination of the sham-drinking bout. This does not reflect a delayed effect of
      the gastric water load, for introducing a further delay between load and drinking
      test did not enhance the effect. Finally, an intragastric load of isotonic NaCl
      was less effective than water in suppressing sham drinking, just as it is less
      effective in inhibiting thirst. We conclude: (1) sham drinking is terminated by
      an accumulation of orosensory feedback; and (2) the taste presented to the mouth,
      and the animal's hydrational status, jointly determine the amount of such
      feedback that is necessary to end the ingestive bout.

PMID- 3395113
TI  - Imipramine treatment and preference for sweets.
AB  - Antidepressant-induced changes in food preference were investigated in a group of
      40 depressed patients before and during treatment with imipramine. As part of a
      validated survey, the Pittsburgh Appetite Test, self-reported food preference was
      categorized by both nutrient and hedonic properties to define individual
      response. After 4 months of treatment, 14 patients (35%) expressed a clear desire
      for high-carbohydrate/high-fat foods with a sweet taste. Within this group, eight
      patients already preferred these foods while medication-free, while six subjects
      demonstrated a change in preference to these foods during treatment. The other 26
      patients (65%) showed no consistent changes in food preference. These results
      suggest that while approximately one-third of imipramine-treated patients report
      a preference for sweets, only 15% actually developed this preference during
      treatment.

PMID- 3395115
TI  - Glucose sham drinking in the rat: satiety for the sweet taste without the sweet
      taste.
AB  - In rats sham drinking through oesophageal fistulae, sham intake of a dilute
      glucose solution (0.25 M) is greatly reduced, but not abolished, by an
      intragastric water preload. Since no further fluid enters the body, the early
      cessation of sham drinking must reflect a purely oral control, set by hydrational
      status. We show that lapping after the water load is abolished if the rat has
      sham-drunk appreciable quantities before the load is delivered. This is true even
      if the initial sham drinking is of plain water, with no sweet taste. Therefore,
      (1) the effect of the preload is to set the total quantity of oral feedback
      required to end the sham drinking bout; and (2) the necessary oral feedback is
      provided by the lapping response itself. It does not depend upon gustation.

PMID- 3395116
TI  - Purification of three cytosolic glutathione S-transferases from adult Schistosoma
      mansoni.
AB  - The cytosolic fraction of adult Schistosoma mansoni contains glutathione S
      transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) activity, determined with the prototype substrate 1
      chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, that is 5- to 50-fold greater than that found in other
      metazoan parasites. A survey of several model substrates revealed that enzymes in
      male and female schistosomes have distinct but overlapping substrate
      specificities. Four forms of glutathione S-transferase were detected, three of
      which, SmGST-1, SmGST-2, and SmGST-3, were purified to apparent homogeneity by
      glutathione affinity chromatography and HPLC chromatofocusing. The purified
      enzymes displayed very similar catalytic and physicochemical properties. They
      could be distinguished by differences in activity with ethacrynic acid and trans
      4-phenyl-3-buten-2-one, but not with aryl halide substrates. The isoelectric
      points of SmGST-1, SmGST-2, and SmGST-3 were estimated to be 7.2, 7.1, 6.9,
      respectively. A polyclonal antiserum to SmGST-3 cross-reacted with the other two
      forms, but not with other soluble schistosome proteins. Each of the purified
      enzymes displayed an apparent subunit molecular weight of 28,500 by
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under denaturing conditions. Gel filtration
      chromatography yielded a molecular weight of 30,800 for the catalytically active
      form of the enzyme. Unlike all known glutathione S-transferases, the three enzyme
      forms purified from S. mansoni appear to be catalytically active monomeric
      proteins.

PMID- 3395117
TI  - Identification of P-450ALC in microsomes from alcohol dehydrogenase-deficient
      deermice: contribution to ethanol elimination in vivo.
AB  - Isozyme 3a of rabbit hepatic cytochrome P-450, also termed P-450ALC, was
      previously isolated and characterized and was shown to be induced 3- to 5-fold by
      exposure to ethanol. In the present study, antibody against rabbit P-450ALC was
      used to identify a homologous protein in alcohol dehydrogenase-negative (ADH-)
      and -positive (ADH+) deermice, Peromyscus maniculatus. The antibody reacts with a
      single protein having an apparent molecular weight of 52,000 on immunoblots of
      hepatic microsomes from untreated and ethanol-treated deermice from both strains.
      The level of the homologous protein was about 2-fold greater in microsomes from
      naive ADH- than from naive ADH+ animals. Ethanol treatment induced the protein
      about 3-fold in the ADH+ strain and about 4-fold in the ADH- strain. The antibody
      to rabbit P-450ALC inhibited the microsomal metabolism of ethanol and aniline.
      The homologous protein, termed deermouse P-450ALC, catalyzed from 70 to 80% of
      the oxidation of ethanol and about 90% of the hydroxylation of aniline by
      microsomes from both strains after ethanol treatment. The antibody-inhibited
      portion of the microsomal activities, which are attributable to the P-450ALC
      homolog, increased about 3-fold upon ethanol treatment in the ADH+ strain and
      about 4-fold in the ADH- strain, in excellent agreement with the results from
      immunoblots. The total microsomal P-450 content and the rate of ethanol oxidation
      were induced 1.4-fold and 2.2-fold, respectively, by ethanol in the ADH+ strain
      and 1.9-fold and 3.3-fold, respectively, in the ADH- strain. Thus, the total
      microsomal P-450 content and ethanol oxidation underestimate the induction of the
      P-450ALC homolog in both strains. A comparison of the rates of microsomal ethanol
      oxidation in vitro with rates of ethanol elimination in vivo indicates that
      deermouse P-450ALC could account optimally for 3 and 8% of total ethanol
      elimination in naive ADH+ and ADH- strains, respectively. After chronic ethanol
      treatment, P-450ALC could account maximally for 8% of the total ethanol
      elimination in the ADH+ strain and 22% in the ADH- strain. Further, cytochrome P
      450ALC appears to be responsible for about one-half of the increase in the rate
      of ethanol elimination in vivo after chronic treatment with ethanol. These
      results indicate that the contribution of P-450ALC to ethanol oxidation in the
      deermouse is relatively small. Desferrioxamine had no effect on rates of ethanol
      uptake by perfused livers from ADH-negative deermice, indicating that ethanol
      oxidation by a hydroxyl radical-mediated mechanism was not involved in ethanol
      metabolism in this mutant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3395118
TI  - Purification and characterization of unique glutathione S-transferases from human
      muscle.
AB  - Results of studies designed to investigate the origin of the diversity of
      glutathione S-transferase (GST) isozymes in human tissues indicated that human
      muscle has at least three forms of GST with pI values of 5.0, 5.1, and 5.2 that
      are distinct from GST isozymes characterized so far. The major muscle isozyme
      which was expressed in all the six samples analyzed in this study was a unique
      GST of pI 5.2 that was designated as GST zeta. It had a blocked N-terminal and
      did not correspond to any of the known three classes (alpha, mu, or pi) of human
      GST as evidenced by its immunological properties and substrate specificities. The
      N-terminal regions of human muscle GST 5.1 and 5.0 had identical amino acid
      sequences except at residue 5, but demonstrated significant differences in amino
      acid composition and substrate specificities. These two isozymes showed homology
      with the mu class of human GST in their N-terminal region and were also
      immunologically related to the mu class of human GST although their subunit
      molecular weight values (Mr 23,000) were lower than that reported for GST psi.
      The substrate specificities of these isozymes were also significantly different
      from those of other human GST isozymes characterized so far. Significantly,
      muscle tissue did not express the alpha class of GST isozymes; however, two other
      isozymes were identified, GST 4.8 and GST 4.5, which had identical N-terminal
      amino acid sequences that were similar to that reported for the pi class of human
      GST. GST 4.8 was present in all six samples analyzed in this study whereas GST
      4.5 was present in only two of these samples, indicating a possibility of
      polymorphism at the GST3 locus. This study indicated the occurrence of at least
      three distinct isozymes in muscle tissue, providing further evidence for tissue
      specific expression of GST isozymes in humans.

PMID- 3395119
TI  - Fluorescence emitted from microsomal membranes by lipid peroxidation.
AB  - The fluorescence emitted from rat liver microsomal membranes which had undergone
      enzymatic and nonenzymatic lipid peroxidation was detected directly. This
      fluorescence produced in peroxidized membranes increased progressively with
      peroxidation reaction time, and the fluorescent substances produced were retained
      in the membranes without being released into the aqueous phase. Extracts of the
      peroxidized membranes with organic solvents (chloroform/methanol) emitted
      fluorescence which was also dependent on the peroxidation reaction time. The
      generation profiles of fluorescence emitted from both the peroxidized membranes
      and their extracted membrane lipids differed essentially from that of
      thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances which reached a plateau at a relatively
      early stage of peroxidation reaction. These results indicate that lipid
      peroxidation induces stepwise chemical and physical changes in membranes and that
      the fluorescence from peroxidized membranes will be useful in studying such
      changes occurring in biological membranes.

PMID- 3395120
TI  - Detection and isolation of oligosaccharides with Lea and Leb blood group
      activities by affinity chromatography using monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - Affinity columns prepared by immobilizing monoclonal antibodies that specifically
      recognize the Lea or the Leb blood group antigens can be used for analytical or
      preparative isolation of oligosaccharides with the corresponding reactivities.
      The number of immobilized functional antibody combining sites on a column and the
      dissociation constants for standard oligosaccharides are determined by frontal
      analysis. By employing a simple approximation [K.-I. Kasai et al. (1986) J.
      Chromatogr. 376, 33-47] these parameters can be used to rationally design columns
      with properties appropriate for zonal affinity chromatography. The affinity for
      binding of the Lea-active oligosaccharide lacto-N-fucopentaose II (LNF II) by the
      anti-Lea antibody CO-514 doubles for each 8 degrees C downward shift in
      temperature between 37 and 4 degrees C. By zonal chromatography, Lea- or Leb
      active oligosaccharides are recovered from a complex mixture of milk
      oligosaccharides containing more than a 20-fold molar excess of structurally
      similar but antigenically distinct oligosaccharides. The capacity for preparative
      isolation of an oligosaccharide increases in a linear fashion with the amount of
      antibody loaded on the solid support. The monoclonal antibodies used in these
      studies are products of hybridomas derived from mice immunized with human
      colorectal carcinoma cell lines [M. Blaszczyk et al. (1984) Arch. Biochem.
      Biophys. 233, 161-168]. The experiments establish that affinity chromatography
      applied to mixtures of oligosaccharides released by enzymatic or chemical
      cleavage of glycoconjugates may simplify the task of isolating and characterizing
      biologically interesting target antigens of monoclonal antibodies.

PMID- 3395121
TI  - Isolation and purification of mature bovine adrenocortical ferredoxin with an
      elongated carboxyl end.
AB  - Mature bovine adrenocortical ferredoxin (adreno-ferredoxin) was extracted from
      fresh adrenal glands at pH 9.0. Extraction and purification at this alkaline pH
      protected the mature adreno-ferredoxin molecule from proteolytic degradation. The
      mature adreno-ferredoxin was extensively purified by a rapid procedure including
      two kinds of column chromatography, hydrophobic and ion exchange. The purified
      adreno-ferredoxin was homogeneous on the basis of two HPLC analyses, hydrophobic
      and ion exchange, and had the highest purity so far reported. Then it was
      digested by trypsin and the carboxyl-terminal peptide was isolated from the
      tryptic digest by a novel column chromatographic method using a cation-exchange
      HPLC column, TSK-gel SP-5PW. The carboxyl-terminal amino acid was isoleucine, so
      the adreno-ferredoxin had 127 amino acid residues, the longest polypeptide so far
      determined chemically for bovine adreno-ferredoxin. Only Glu-128 was lacking
      within the carboxyl-terminal elongated peptide that was found by nucleotide
      sequencing of the adreno-ferredoxin gene. There was no evidence obtained on
      whether the deletion of Glu-128 was due to so-called carboxyl-terminal processing
      or to proteolytic degradation during storage and purification.

PMID- 3395122
TI  - The spontaneous and enzymatic reaction of N-acetyl-p-benzoquinonimine with
      glutathione: a stopped-flow kinetic study.
AB  - The spontaneous and glutathione (GSH) transferase catalyzed reactions of GSH and
      N-acetyl-p-benzoquinonimine (NABQI) have been studied by stopped-flow kinetics.
      The spontaneous reaction was shown to be first order in NABQI, GSH and inversely
      proportional to the H+ concentration; e.g., at pH 7.0 and 25 degrees C the second
      order rate constant was 3.2 X 10(4) M-1 s-1. Data for the enzymatic reaction gave
      values for Km of 27, 1.3, 7, and 7 microM and values for kappa cat of 90, 37,
      5.1, and 165 s-1 for rat liver GSH transferases 1-1, 2-2, 3-3, and 7-7,
      respectively. Over a wide range of reactant concentrations and pH, the
      spontaneous reaction yields three products, namely a GSH conjugate, 3-(glutathion
      S-yl)acetaminophen; a reduction product, acetaminophen; and an oxidation product,
      glutathione disulfide in the proportions 2:1:1. Analysis of products formed after
      enzymatic reaction showed that both GSH conjugation and the reduction of NABQI to
      acetaminophen were catalyzed to an extent characteristic of each isoenzyme. With
      respect to GSH conjugation, GSH transferase isoenzymes were effective in the
      order 7-7 greater than 2-2 greater than 1-1 greater than 3-3 greater than 4-4,
      and with respect to NABQI reduction these isoenzymes were effective in the order
      1-1 greater than 2-2 greater than 7-7 the position of isoenzymes 3-3 and 4-4
      being uncertain. Human GSH transferases delta, mu, and pi behave similarly to the
      homologous rat enzymes, i.e., toward conjugation in the order pi greater than
      delta greater than mu and the reduction delta greater than mu greater than pi
      (for nomenclature see W. B. Jakoby, B. Ketterer, and B. Mannervik, (1984)
      Biochem. Pharmacol. 33, 2539-2540). Possible mechanisms of the reaction and its
      effect on the toxicity of NABQI are discussed.

PMID- 3395123
TI  - Menadione-induced bleb formation in hepatocytes is associated with the oxidation
      of thiol groups in actin.
AB  - Incubation of isolated rat hepatocytes with menadione (2-methyl-1,4
      naphthoquinone) or the thiol oxidant, diamide (azodicarboxylic acid
      bis(dimethylamide)), resulted in the appearance of numerous plasma membrane
      protrusions (blebs) preceding cell death. Analysis of the Triton X-100-insoluble
      fraction (cytoskeleton) extracted from treated cells revealed a dose- and time
      dependent increase in the amount of cytoskeletal protein and a concomitant loss
      of protein thiols. These changes were associated with the disappearance of actin
      and formation of large-molecular-weight aggregates, when the cytoskeletal
      proteins were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under nonreducing
      conditions. However, if the cytoskeletal proteins were treated with the thiol
      reductants, dithiothreitol or beta-mercaptoethanol, no changes in the relative
      abundance of actin or formation of large-molecular-weight aggregates were
      detected in the cytoskeletal preparations from treated cells. Moreover, addition
      of dithiothreitol to menadione- or diamide-treated hepatocytes protected the
      cells from both the appearance of surface blebs and the occurrence of alterations
      in cytoskeletal protein composition. Our findings show that oxidative stress
      induced by the metabolism of menadione in isolated hepatocytes causes
      cytoskeletal abnormalities, of which protein thiol oxidation seems to be
      intimately related to the appearance of surface blebs.

PMID- 3395124
TI  - Isolation and characterization of horridum toxin with arginine ester hydrolase
      activity from Heloderma horridum (beaded lizard) venom.
AB  - A hemorrhagic toxin with lethal and arginine ester hydrolytic activities was
      isolated from Heloderma horridum (beaded lizard) venom by Sephadex G-75, DEAE
      Sephacel, and Q-Sepharose column chromatography. The hemorrhagic toxin was shown
      to be homogeneous as demonstrated by a single band on acrylamide gel
      electrophoresis and immunodiffusion. Its molecular weight is approximately 31,000
      with an isoelectric point of 3.9. Hemorrhagic, lethal, and benzoyl-L-arginine
      ethyl ester hydrolytic activities of this preparation were inhibited by
      diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP), N-bromosuccinimide, and beta-mercaptoethanol,
      suggesting that serine, tryptophan, and disulfide bonds are involved in these
      activities. Also there was an increase in creatine kinase activity in mice serum
      which is an indicator that the toxin is involved in muscle damage. This protein
      was stable to heat and pH ranges between 2 and 11. The Michaelis constant (Km),
      for benzoyl-L-arginine ethyl ester, and inhibition constant (Ki), for DFP, were
      found to be 6.9 X 10(-3) and 1.93 X 10(-4) M, respectively.

PMID- 3395125
TI  - pKa values of the 8 alpha-imidazole substituents in selected flavoenzymes
      containing 8 alpha-histidylflavins.
AB  - Difference absorption spectroscopy as a function of pH is described as a probe to
      determine the pKa values of the 8 alpha-imidazole substituent in flavoenzymes
      containing 8 alpha-histidylflavin coenzymes. Reversible absorption difference
      spectra are observed in the pH range 5.5 to 8.5 when synthetic 8 alpha-imidazolyl
      FMN is bound to the apoflavodoxins from Azotobacter vinelandii and from
      Clostridium pasterianum. The observed spectral perturbations of these two
      flavodoxin complexes follow a single proton ionization dependence with respective
      pKa values of 6.7 and 6.8. No pH-induced spectral perturbations were observed
      when 8 alpha-(N-CH3)-imidazolium FMN was bound to either flavodoxin. Similar
      approaches are described to determine the 8 alpha-imidazolyl pKa values of the 8
      alpha-histidyl-FAD coenzyme of the cholesterol oxidases from Schizophyllum
      commune and from Gleocystidium chrysocreas. Previous work has shown the former
      enzyme contains an 8 alpha-N1-histidyl-FAD (W. C. Kenney et al. (1979) J. Biol.
      Chem. 254, 4689-4690) while experiments reported here show the latter enzyme also
      contains one 8 alpha-N1-histidyl-FAD per mole of enzyme. The pKa value for the 8
      alpha-imidazole substituent on the flavin of S. commune cholesterol oxidase is
      5.4 while that determined for the G. chrysocreas enzyme is 6.2. These results
      demonstrate that the pKa of the 8 alpha-imidazole substituent can be determined
      in enzymes containing an 8 alpha-histidylflavin, provided that the enzyme is
      stable in the pH range required to observe ionization. Furthermore it is shown
      this the pKa value can differ even on comparison of enzymes from different
      sources that catalyze the same reaction.

PMID- 3395126
TI  - Actin assembly activity of cytochalasins and cytochalasin analogs assayed using
      fluorescence photobleaching recovery.
AB  - The effects on actin self-assembly of 9 common cytochalasins and 9 synthetic
      analogs have been assayed using fluorescence photobleaching recovery (FPR). The
      specific assembly activities of cytochalasins determined by this assay are (i)
      reduction of the fraction of actin molecules incorporated into filaments; (ii)
      increase of the steady-state diffusion coefficients of filaments, from which
      filaments shortening may be inferred; and (iii) acceleration of the initial rate
      of assembly. Of the compounds studied, only cytochalasin D shows strong activity
      of all three types. The range of activities shown by other compounds indicates
      clearly that these three activity types are distinct and independent. Inspection
      of the molecular structures of these 18 compounds for correlation of structure
      and activity reveals that the three different activities depend on distinct
      structural features. The Mg2+ dependence of filament-shortening activity by
      certain cytochalasins may be explained by the Mg2+ chelating ability of two
      suitably positioned oxygen atoms on the convex face of the bicyclic isoindolone
      system. Inhibition of filament elongation may involve very specific, high
      affinity cytochalasin interactions at a binding site on terminal actin molecules,
      while accelerating activity may occur by weaker, less specific binding
      interactions of cytochalasins with monomeric actin.

PMID- 3395127
TI  - Carbocyclic glycinamide ribonucleotide is a substrate for glycinamide
      ribonucleotide transformylase.
AB  - The carbocyclic analog of glycinamide ribonucleotide has been synthesized from
      the racemic parent trihydroxy cyclopentyl amine (B.L. Kam and N.J. Oppenheimer
      (1981) J. Org. Chem. 46, 3268-3272). This analog was accepted as a substrate (Km
      = 18 microM, Vmax = 0.23 mM/min) by mammalian glycinamide ribonucleotide
      transformylase (EC 2.1.2.2) with an efficiency comparable to that of the natural
      substrate glycinamide ribonucleotide (Km = 10 microM, Vmax = 0.27 mM/min). For
      each molecule of 10-formyl-5,8-dideazafolate cosubstrate consumed, 0.92 molecule
      of N-formyl carbocyclic glycinamide ribonucleotide was produced in the enzymatic
      reaction, indicating a 1:1 stoichiometry. These studies afford the first
      alternate nucleotide substrate for glycinamide ribonucleotide transformylase and
      suggest that the ribose ring oxygen of glycinamide ribonucleotide is not critical
      for enzyme recognition and binding.

PMID- 3395128
TI  - The primary structure of chicken liver cytochrome b5 deduced from the DNA
      sequence of a cDNA clone.
AB  - A cDNA clone encoding the chicken liver cytochrome b5 was isolated by probing a
      library with synthetic oligonucleotides based on a partial amino acid sequence of
      the protein. Determination of the DNA sequence indicated a 414-nucleotide open
      reading frame which encodes a 138-amino acid residue polypeptide. The open
      reading frame contains 6 amino acids at the amino terminus which were not present
      on any of the cytochrome b5 polypeptides for which the amino acid sequence has
      been determined directly, suggesting that the protein is proteolytically
      processed to the mature form. The results of genomic Southern analysis were
      consistent with the presence of two structurally different genes in the chicken
      genome, raising the possibility that the soluble and membrane-bound forms of the
      protein are the products of separate genes.

PMID- 3395129
TI  - Identification of the 80-kDa protein that crosslinks to the cap structure of
      eukaryotic mRNAs as initiation factor eIF-4B.
AB  - Preparations of either crude or purified protein synthesis initiation factors,
      when tested by crosslinking to the m7G-cap structure of mRNAs, exhibit specific
      crosslinking to an 80-kDa protein. Polyclonal antibodies specific for eIF-4B
      precipitate the 80-kDa cap-radiolabeled protein, thereby demonstrating that eIF
      4B binds mRNA near its 5'-terminus.

PMID- 3395130
TI  - Characterization of purified avian 90,000-Da heat shock protein.
AB  - The so-called 90,000-Da heat shock protein (hsp90) from chicken liver has been
      purified and physically characterized in the presence of high levels of the
      serine phosphatase inhibitor fluoride. The protein is an elongated dimer with a
      molecular weight of 160,000 and a frictional ratio of 1.6. On two-dimensional
      electrophoresis it exhibits several isoelectric forms lying between pH 5.1 and
      5.8. It contains an average of 5.8 mol of covalently bound phosphate per dimer
      and is thus extensively phosphorylated. Analysis of the ultraviolet spectrum
      showed the purified protein to be free of nucleotide-containing components.
      Molybdate has been shown to stabilize complexes between the 90,000-Da heat shock
      protein and steroid receptors. However, molybdate has no effect on the
      sedimentation of the purified heat shock protein. Proteins structurally related
      to hsp90 have been reported to penetrate the endoplasmic reticulum. However, when
      purified hsp90 was tested using the partition method of Bordier, which
      distinguishes hydrophilic and lipophilic proteins, it partitioned totally into
      the aqueous phase.

PMID- 3395131
TI  - Immunochemical similarity of P-450 HFLa, a form of cytochrome P-450 in human
      fetal livers, to a form of rat liver cytochrome P-450 inducible by macrolide
      antibiotics.
AB  - A protein immunochemically related to P-450 HFLa, a form of cytochrome P-450
      purified from human fetal livers, was detected in rat liver microsomes. The
      content of the immunoreactive protein in rat liver microsomes was increased by
      treatments with phenobarbital, pregnenolone 16 alpha-carbonitrile (PCN),
      erythromycin, erythromycin estolate, and oleandomycin but not with 3
      methylcholanthrene, imidazole, ethanol, isosafrole, josamycin, midecamycin, or
      miocamycin. The activity of erythromycin N-demethylase correlated with the
      content of the immunoreactive protein in rat liver microsomes (r = 0.72). In
      addition, anti-P-450 HFLa IgG inhibited erythromycin N-demethylase in liver
      microsomes from erythromycin- or oleandomycin-pretreated rats. Furthermore, the
      content of the immunoreactive protein highly correlated with that of P-450 PB-1,
      which is distinct from Waxman's terminology, and is one of the forms of PCN
      inducible cytochrome P-450s (r = 0.95). From these results and the results
      reported so far, it seems possible that P-450 HFLa is one of the forms of
      cytochrome P-450 inducible by glucocorticoids.

PMID- 3395132
TI  - Normal and warfarin-resistant rat hepatocyte metabolism of vitamin K 2,3-epoxide:
      evidence for multiple pathways of hydroxyvitamin K formation.
AB  - Vitamin K and 3- (and/or 2)-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-2-methyl-3-phytyl-1,4
      naphthoquinone (hydroxyvitamin K) have been identified as metabolites of vitamin
      K 2,3-epoxide incubated with hepatocytes isolated from normal and warfarin
      resistant rats. Dithiothreitol added to the extracellular medium differentially
      enhanced the formation of both metabolites: hydroxyvitamin K formation, almost
      undetectable in the absence of dithiothreitol, was particularly affected.
      Addition of the vitamin K 2,3-epoxide reductase inhibitors warfarin (5 to 100
      microM) and brodifacoum (1 to 5 microM) to normal rat hepatocyte cultures
      produced a slight increase in hydroxyvitamin K formation and a marked inhibition
      of vitamin K formation. Brodifacoum was a weak inhibitor of hydroxyvitamin K
      formation at higher concentrations. Hepatocytes from warfarin-resistant rats
      catalyzed hydroxyvitamin K formation 1.5 to 2 times faster and vitamin K
      formation 1.5 to 2 times slower than did normal rat hepatocytes. The addition of
      warfarin to these cultures had no effect on epoxide metabolism to hydroxyvitamin
      K and only partially diminished metabolism to vitamin K. In contrast, brodifacoum
      (1 microM) addition produced 50% inhibition of hydroxyvitamin K formation and
      almost complete inhibition of vitamin K formation. These data suggest that in
      resistant, but not in normal rat hepatocytes, the vitamin K 2,3-epoxide reductase
      makes a significant contribution to hydroxyvitamin K formation. A second
      sulfhydryl-dependent pathway, present in both strains, is also involved in the
      formation of this metabolite. They also suggest that in resistant rats, warfarin
      inhibition of the vitamin K 2,3-epoxide reductase, and presumably the sulfhydryl
      dependent vitamin K reductase, is incomplete and independent of concentration.

PMID- 3395133
TI  - Spectral evidence for cytochrome o in the brown membrane of Halobacterium
      halobium.
AB  - The brown membrane domain of Halobacterium halobium is a developmental precursor
      of the purple membrane and it contains a b-type cytochrome in addition to
      bacterio-opsin. In this report we provide spectroscopic evidence that the
      majority of the cytochrome content is a halobacterial cytochrome o. This
      cytochrome has absorption spectral properties in the oxidized, reduced, and CO
      liganded states which are characteristic of cytochrome o. The CD spectra show a
      complex bilobed pattern in the Soret spectral region which reflects the
      similarity of the heme environment to those of other b-type cytochromes involved
      in electron transport. We have also demonstrated a positive cooperativity of CO
      binding which, combined with CD spectral results, suggests two interacting heme
      moieties per cytochrome o. Size exclusion HPLC of solubilized brown membrane
      preparations shows a heme b containing protein with an Mr 42,000-46,000. The
      cytochrome may be easily separated from bacterio-opsin using a hydroxyapatite
      elution method on Triton X-100 solubilized preparations. The relative ease with
      which brown membrane disks may be oriented in high optical quality films should
      make the brown membrane a valuable model system for future spectroscopic
      investigations of cytochrome o.

PMID- 3395134
TI  - [Prognostic factors of head and neck cancer].
AB  - A multivariate analysis of survival in 403 cases of head and neck cancer was
      carried out. Primary sites of the 403 cases were, oral cavity, larynx,
      hypopharynx, mesopharynx, epiharynx and maxillary sinus. The purpose of the
      analysis was to determine patient and tumor factors that influence survival. The
      patient factor observed to influence survival was patient age (p = 0.0009),
      however, patient gender was not significantly related to survival. Tumor factors
      were evaluated by T, N classification, histological type and the location of
      primary site. Although location of primary site was not related to survival,
      primary site (T) and lymph node (N) classification did influence survival rate
      (T; p = 0.0001, N; p = 0.0000). A significant correlation was also recognized
      between histological type and prognosis (p = 0.0189).

PMID- 3395135
TI  - [Evaluation of the long-term survival rate of thoracic esophageal cancer].
AB  - The 5-year survival rate of 906 cases of thoracic esophageal cancer was 23%.
      Related to sex distribution, it was significantly better in women. Age
      distribution and location of cancer had no particular correlation to the 5-year
      survival rate. It increased in the length of the filling defect less than 6 cm
      and reduced when the length exceeded 10 cm. The 5-year survival rate of the cases
      a0 was much better than those a1, a2 and a3. That of the cases a3 was much worse
      than those not only a0 but also a1 and a2. The relation between lymph node
      metastasis and the 5-year survival rate was shown as follows; the 5-year survival
      rate of n(-) cases was extremely superior to that of n(+) cases and that of n3(+)
      and n4(+) cases was worse than that of n1(+) and n2(+) cases. The 5-year survival
      rate of the cases of stage IV was quite poor. There was found a significant
      difference between the curative resection group of C II and C III, and the non
      curative resection group of CO and CI. The 5-year survival in the cases of
      squamous cell carcinoma of the well differentiated type was better than that in
      those of squamous cell carcinoma of the moderately and poorly differentiated
      types. That of the cases of adenocarcinoma was good, though the number of cases
      was not so many.

PMID- 3395137
TI  - [Antiemetic effect of timiperone and methylprednisolone in cisplatin-induced
      emesis].
AB  - As we already reported, timiperone, a new neuroleptic agent of the butyrophenone
      group, has a strong antiemetic effect against cisplatin (CDDP)-induced emesis.
      With timiperone 6 mg/day p.o. from the day before undergoing CDDP therapy to the
      last day of the therapy, non-vomiting rate was 80%. The most unfavorable adverse
      effect of this regimen was extrapyramidal symptoms which appear in almost 100% of
      the patients aged under forty-five. In this study, we attempted to reduce the
      dose of timiperone and its adverse effect in combination with low-dose
      methylprednisolone (MPL). Seventeen cases of urological malignancies with a 5-day
      course of CDDP (15 approximately 25 mg/m2) including anticancer therapy were
      entered in this open trial. Four cases aged under forty-five were given
      timiperone 1.5 mg/day p.o. from the day before undergoing CDDP therapy with MPL
      125 mg i.v. immediately before CDDP was administered. Thirteen cases aged over
      forty-five were given timiperone 3.0 mg/day p.o. with MPL given in the same way.
      Non-vomiting rates were 47 and 79%, respectively. Extrapyramidal symptoms were
      seen in two cases of both groups. It was concluded that timiperone 3.0 mg with
      MPL 125 mg has an antiemetic efficacy comparable to that of timiperone 6.0 mg but
      with less adverse effects.

PMID- 3395136
TI  - [Hormone independent murine carcinoma BX-1 spontaneously arising from nude mouse
      bearing Br-10, a hormone dependent human breast carcinoma strain].
AB  - BX-1, an adenocarcinoma spontaneously arising from nude mouse bearing Br-10, a
      human breast carcinoma strain was characterized. And the purification of a
      hormone independent murine carcinoma strain, BX-1 was found in August 1986 in
      three institutes where a hormone dependent transplantable human breast carcinoma
      cell line Br-10 has been serially passaged. The histological features of BX-1
      were different from any other strains which were maintained in these three
      institutes. Estrogen receptor of BX-1 was negative and no estrogen dependency was
      observed while Br-10 was the receptor positive and the growth of Br-10 was
      dependent on estrogen. Although the graft of BX-1 into the thymus intact
      littermates was rejected, the chromosomal analysis revealed only murine
      chromosomes for BX-1, while both of human and murine chromosomes were detected in
      Br-10 tumor. By incubating Br-10 tumor in untreated female nude mice for 2 months
      and stimulating the growth of the tumor by exogenous estradiol, the purification
      of Br-10 from BX-1 could be achieved. Whereas the stability of human tumor
      xenografts in nude mice is confirmed, the spontaneously arising murine tumor from
      nude mice bearing human tumor xenografts should be considered for the
      experiments.

PMID- 3395138
TI  - [The significance of measuring inhibition of thymidylate synthase activity as a
      parameter for antitumor activity of 5-fluorouracil derivatives].
AB  - We investigated the relationships between antitumor activity and the inhibition
      of Thymidylate Synthase (TS) activity after oral administration of 5-fluorouracil
      (FUra) and its derivatives, FT, UFT, HC-FU, PH-FU and 5'-DFUR, using mainly
      Sarcoma 180 as an experimental tumor model. The inhibition of TS activity in the
      tumor, after oral administration of these drugs to Sarcoma 180 bearing mice,
      reached the plateau phase shortly after drug administration. The inhibition of TS
      activity remained at the same level for over 24 hours and was dose dependent. UFT
      and FT showed a very high correlation between the inhibition of TS activity and
      their antitumor activity. However, such a correlation was not found for other
      FUra derivatives despite their high TS inhibiting values. The relationship
      between the tumor growth inhibition (TGI) and the TS inhibition (TSI) of these
      drugs, presented as a ratio of ED50 of TGI to ED50 of TSI in case of UFT and FT,
      was shown to be 0.81 and 1.18, respectively (i.e., nearly 1.00). However, the
      above ratio for FUra and HCFU was shown to be 2.49 and 3.88, respectively. These
      findings demonstrate that it is necessary to take into account other mechanisms
      besides TS inhibition of some fluorinated pyrimidines to explain their total
      antitumor activity.

PMID- 3395139
TI  - [Plasma concentration of alpha-interferon following continuous subcutaneous
      infusion].
AB  - Three or six million units of alpha-Interferon (HLBI) were administered
      continuously to cancer patients for 24 hours by subcutaneous infusion using Sp-3
      microinfusion pump made by Nipro Company. The plasma concentrations after
      continuous subcutaneous infusion during more than 48 degrees hours were 20.3
      IU/ml (10.8-31.9) at 3 x 10(6) IU HLBI and 44.5 IU/ml (9.1-89.2) at 6 x 10(6) IU
      HLBI. We think that continuous subcutaneous infusion of HLBI is worthy for the
      treatment of out-patients with malignant tumor, because they do not need to visit
      hospital daily and also continuous infusion reduces the toxicity of HLBI.

PMID- 3395140
TI  - [A case of advanced breast cancer successfully treated with combined tamoxifen
      and epitiostanol].
AB  - A patient with stage IV advanced breast cancer with multiple metastasis (bones of
      the whole body, lungs) were treated by ovariectomy, administration of an non
      steroidal antiestrogen (tamoxifen) and mild chemotherapeutic drugs, with
      favorable results. After four years, however, the patient had a relapse of the
      cancer. A steroidal antiestrogen (epitiostanol) was then administered with
      satisfactory results. When a breast cancer relapse occurs in patients once
      treated successfully with endocrinotherapy, a different form of endocrinotherapy
      should be tried. There is a possibility that the mechanism of action of
      Epitiostanol, which is regarded as a steroidal antiestrogen, is different from
      that of tamoxifen in which an estrogen receptor (ER) system is included.

PMID- 3395141
TI  - [A case report of the effective arterial infusion for advanced recurrence breast
      cancer with 5-FU, ADM, CDDP and OK-432].
AB  - A 42-year-old female visited our hospital because of left breast tumor and left
      arm swelling with severe pain. She had had right radical mastectomy and bilateral
      oophorectomy at 27 and 29 years of age, respectively. On admission, she had a
      hard mass, which seemed to be a severe invasion of the chest wall, on her left
      breast with a severe nipple ulcer. We inserted a catheter operatively through the
      thyrocervical truncus to the subclavian artery for the arterial infusion therapy.
      She was administered 250 mg of 5-FU daily, and 10 mg of ADM, 10 mg of CDDP, 10 KE
      of OK-432, every other week. During 70 days, 10,000 mg of 5-FU, 50 mg of ADM, 50
      mg of CDDP and 50 KE of OK-432 were administered. As soon as the breast tumor
      became smaller, showed some mobility and the nipple ulcer healed, we carried out
      left mastectomy and axillary lymph node dissection. Pathological findings showed
      severe degeneration and necrosis of cancer cells. Lymphocytes surrounded necrotic
      tissue, and there was a follicular pattern of invasion. This phenomenon was
      considered to result from the promotion of cellular immunological reaction by OK
      432.

PMID- 3395142
TI  - Contraction of collagen lattices by skin fibroblasts: drug-induced changes.
AB  - A range of dermatologically useful drugs were added to human skin fibroblasts
      cultured in collagen lattices to assess possible effects on the rate of lattice
      contraction. Vitamin C, Vitamin E, phenytoin, sodium salicylate, D-penicillamine
      and dibutyryl c-AMP had no significant effect. Chlorhexidine acetate at 10
      micrograms/ml arrested contraction after 24 h but this was related to its
      cytotoxicity. The antibiotics griseofulvin (2-16 micrograms/ml) and cycloheximide
      (5-30 micrograms/ml) caused dose-related inhibitions of contraction without
      affecting fibroblast viability. Four corticosteroids at 10 micrograms/ml
      inhibited contraction, clobetasol propionate having the greatest effect. On the
      other hand 4 retinoids at 10(-5) M enhanced contraction by up to 20%. As lattice
      contraction appears to model the contraction of skin wounds and there are broad
      parallels between the effects shown here of antiseptics, corticosteroids and the
      retinoids, and their reported influence on healing wounds, the lattice system may
      be a useful pharmacological screen for new compounds.

PMID- 3395143
TI  - PAF of biological fluids in disease: IV. Levels in blood in allergic reactions
      induced by drugs.
AB  - In allergic reactions induced by drugs we detected elevated platelet activating
      factor (PAF) bioactivity in blood and we isolated a substance with activity and
      chemical characteristics similar to AGEPC (semisynthetic PAF, beef-heart derived
      PAF). The levels of the circulating substance were about ten times higher than
      the ones detected in normal subjects.

PMID- 3395144
TI  - Urinary excretion of glycosaminoglycans in psoriasis.
AB  - Urine from patients with generalised plaque psoriasis contained substantially
      more precipitable glycosaminoglycans (GAG) and uronic acid than the urine of
      healthy controls. The difference was not related to sex, age, renal function, the
      hospital environment, or to the presence of arthritis. Successful topical
      treatment with tar or dithranol, or PUVA therapy, did not affect the rate of GAG
      excretion. Cellulose acetate electrophoresis of the GAG from patients and
      controls showed similar patterns dominated by chondroitin sulphate. There was no
      evidence to favour the skin lesions as the source of the additional
      glycosaminoglycans and the findings are consistent with the concept of psoriasis
      as a general disease.

PMID- 3395145
TI  - Let others know what you are doing.

PMID- 3395146
TI  - Milieu-oriented management strategies on acute care units for the chronically
      mentally ill.

PMID- 3395147
TI  - Schizophrenia and the family: nursing implications.

PMID- 3395148
TI  - Development of a model for short-term psychiatric hospitalization.

PMID- 3395150
TI  - Child mental health problems and policy.

PMID- 3395149
TI  - Goal-related behaviors in short-term psychiatric hospitalization.

PMID- 3395151
TI  - Graduate preparation in child and adolescent psychiatric and mental health
      nursing.

PMID- 3395152
TI  - Psychosocial effects of a catastrophic botulism outbreak.

PMID- 3395153
TI  - Computerized sperm motility and application of sperm cryopreservation.
AB  - An objective method for measuring sperm motion characteristics was developed on
      an Intellect 100 Quantel Image Analysis System suitable for various image
      cytometric applications. It provided overall analysis of percent motility (% MS)
      as well as individual and mean measurements of motion characteristics, including
      vigor characteristics such as curvilinear velocity (Vc), straight line velocity
      (Vsl), and trajectory pattern characteristics, that is, progressiveness ratio
      (PR) and amplitude of lateral head displacement (Alh). Evaluation of the method
      for reproducibility and accuracy showed reliable measurements of these parameters
      measured on a minimum of 70 motile sperm, sufficient to describe adequately the
      sperm population. A study was performed comparing motion characteristics of 30
      semen samples falling in a normal range before and after cryopreservation in
      cryoprotector medium (CM). A mean motility rate of recovery (MRR) of 45% was
      obtained. Only sperm count and concentration in motile forms among initial semen
      variables correlated weakly with MRR. Velocity recovery rate (VRR) approached 1
      with a marked variability among ejaculates. Distribution profile of Vc was highly
      modified by freezing in CM: spermatozoa that were initially fast and progressive
      were the most resistant to cryoaggression. PR and Alh values were little affected
      by freezing in CM. The tolerance of various samples from a given patient was
      highly variable for % MS and Alh and less variable for Vc and PR. This
      illustrates the difficulty in predicting the effect of freezing on motility
      characteristics and, therefore, of extrapolating from semen variables the ability
      of frozen-thawed samples to fertilize.

PMID- 3395154
TI  - Efficacy of sperm wash media in improving sperm motility.
AB  - Spermatozoa from 15 fertile men were washed with Ham's F10 and incubated with two
      commercially available sperm nutrient media for 2, 4, 6, and 24 h. Both sperm
      capacitation medium (Irvine Scientific Co., Santa Ana, CA) and Pro-ception (Milex
      Products, Inc., Chicago, IL) proved to be capable of improving sperm motion
      characteristics. These media may be used for incubating sperm for intrauterine
      insemination or for in vitro fertilization.

PMID- 3395155
TI  - Washing and concentration of human semen by Percoll density gradients and its
      application to AIH.
AB  - Human sperm for use in artificial insemination with husband's semen (AIH) were
      prepared by two methods: the monolayer Percoll method and the discontinuous
      Percoll density gradient of four steps. The former focused mainly on the
      oligozoospermic semen concentration, with the sperm concentration and motility
      being improved 4.29 +/- 3.7 times and 1.92 +/- 1.1 times, respectively (n = 41).
      The latter was used principally for the selective isolation of forward motile
      sperm, with the sperm motility being increased from 42.3 +/- 29.5% to 76.3 +/-
      11.0% after centrifugation. The clinical application of these procedures resulted
      in 35 (the monolayer Percoll method) and 10 (the discontinuous Percoll density
      gradient) successful deliveries with greater enhancement of sperm qualities. The
      number of females was predominate over the males in the delivered cases: 31:34
      (100:45.1) females to males.

PMID- 3395156
TI  - Acridine orange fluorescence as male fertility test.
AB  - Acridine orange fluorescence, semen analysis, and zona-free hamster egg
      penetration tests were performed on 100 consecutive semen samples. No significant
      correlation was detected between sperm motility and red fluorescence. However,
      abnormal sperm morphology correlated significantly with red fluorescence (p less
      than or equal to 0.001) and fluorescence index (p less than or equal to 0.001).
      Presence of a high percentage of red fluorescing sperm did not prevent their
      penetration of zona-free hamster egg, indicating that the presence of abnormal
      DNA had no effect on the sperm fertility. The significance of acridine orange
      fluorescence male fertility test requires further elucidation.

PMID- 3395157
TI  - Direct inhibitory effect of estrogen on the human testis in vitro.
AB  - The direct inhibitory effects of estrogens on human testicular functions were
      investigated with a testicular organ culture technique. 125I-labeled human
      chorionic gonadotropin (125I-hCG) bindings in testes cultured in media containing
      diethylstilbestrol diphosphate (DESDP) began to dose-relatedly decrease a day
      after the start of the culture, and this decrease remained relatively constant
      during the 5-day culture. On the other hand, testosterone produced by the
      cultured testes time-relatedly decreased during the 5-day culture. From the above
      results it may be concluded that the direct inhibitory effect of estrogens on
      human testicular androgen production consists of not only the loss of testicular
      hCG receptors but also of other mechanisms at a distal step from hCG receptor
      activation.

PMID- 3395158
TI  - Biochemical parameters of slowly liquefying human ejaculates.
AB  - Abnormality in liquefaction of human semen is associated with poor scoring in
      postcoital tests and may lead to subfertility. A relative study on the seminal
      plasma characteristics of slowly and normally liquefying human ejaculates has
      been made. A multitude of seminal vesicular and prostatic components in the
      seminal plasma of eight slow-liquefying ejaculates from 4 men were compared with
      ten normally liquefying ejaculates from different healthy volunteers. For 60%
      liquefaction, the time taken by these two types of ejaculates was 46 and 7 min,
      respectively. The levels of the components that are mainly secreted by the
      seminal vesicles were similar in both the groups. But all the prostatic
      components demonstrated significantly (p less than 0.001) decreased levels in the
      slow-liquefying group from those in the group being compared. It was concluded
      that relative decrease in the prostatic activity with respect to that of the
      seminal vesicles appears to be the cause of slow-liquefaction.

PMID- 3395159
TI  - Sialyl transferase in human semen.
AB  - The activity of the enzyme sialyl transferase, which is responsible for the
      transfer of sialic acid, has been examined in the following human seminal plasma:
      (1) originating from semen with sperm counts above 30 X 10(6)/ml and exhibiting
      normal values of other andrological parameters; (2) from semen with sperm counts
      below 25 X 10(6)/ml and with other andrological parameters of poor quality; (3)
      from semen devoid of sperm. Additionally, enzyme activity was examined in
      fractionated (split) semen. The activity in plasma based on measurement of
      radioactivity incorporated into asialofetuin, following incubation in the
      presence of 14C sialic acid, was expressed as cpm both per volume and per mg
      protein. There was a tendency for decreased activity with the decrease in sperm
      density of semen. The difference, however, lacked statistical significance.
      Enzyme activity in split semen was significantly lower in the first than in the
      second fraction.

PMID- 3395160
TI  - Evaluation of immunobead test (IBT), tray-agglutination test (TAT), and sperm
      immobilization test (SIT).
AB  - The present investigation relates the results obtained by the indirect immunobead
      test (IBT) to those found during the tray-agglutination test (TAT) and sperm
      immobilization test (SIT) performed on 16 positive blood sera samples. An IB
      binding of greater than 50% can be regarded as significantly positive (p less
      than 0.05), since 77% of the positive IB samples with an IB binding of greater
      than 50% also revealed a TAT titer of greater than 1:8. The IBT is an excellent
      test for the detection of sperm antibodies during routine screening procedures.

PMID- 3395161
TI  - Male hypogonadism of uremic patients on hemodialysis.
AB  - Primary hypogonadism occurring among uremic men on hemodialysis has been widely
      investigated, yet few data are available concerning the general pattern of
      steroidogenesis. In 161 hemodialysis patients and in 83 healthy subjects, serum
      levels of gonadotropins (LH and FSH), prolactin (PRL), testosterone (T),
      androstenedione (A), estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), and dehydroepiandrosterone
      sulphate (DHEA-S) were assessed through RIA methods. Mean +/- SD hormone levels
      were: LH 45.6 +/- 41.1 mIU/ml, FSH 16.3 +/- 16 mIU/ml, PRL 42.4 +/- 69.1 ng/ml, A
      0.83 +/- 0.27 ng/ml, E1 64.3 +/- 31.7 pg/ml, all higher than controls; T 289 +/-
      125 ng/100 ml, E2 11.8 +/- 3 pg/ml, and DHEA-S 1.4 +/- 1.4 micrograms/ml, all
      lower than controls. The A/T and E1/E2 ratios were also higher than controls and
      showed a good positive linear correlation (r = 0.40; p less than 0.001) between
      each other. The uremic damage acts at the testis level, impairing the activity of
      the enzyme 17-beta-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase (17-OHSD), even if a derangement
      of the peripheral interconversion between steroids cannot be excluded.

PMID- 3395162
TI  - Hematologic indexes in men attending an infertility clinic.
AB  - To assess whether oligospermia in infertile men might be associated with
      abnormalities of another rapidly dividing cell population, namely, blood cells,
      we studied retrospectively hematologic indexes in 72 unselected men initially
      attending an infertility clinic and 119 healthy controls. Red cell and platelet
      parameters were similar in the two groups. The infertility clinic patients had
      significantly reduced total leukocyte counts (5818 +/- 179 versus 6397 +/- 174
      per mm3; p less than 0.05). This leukopenia reflected a reduction in lymphocyte
      count (1697 +/- 69 versus 2206 +/- 80 per mm3; p less than 0.0001) but not in
      neutrophil count (3331 +/- 144 versus 3678 +/- 139 per mm3; p = NS). Lymphopenia
      was not correlated with sperm density. A prospective study of 24 fertile controls
      and 12 infertile, oligospermic men revealed no differences between these groups
      in numbers of lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, T4 (helper) lymphocytes, or T8
      (suppressor) lymphocytes. In conclusion, lymphopenia noted retrospectively in men
      attending an infertile clinic was unrelated to sperm density and was not
      confirmed in a prospective study. Combined with normal red cell and platelet
      parameters these findings suggest that hematologic indexes are probably normal in
      infertile men.

PMID- 3395163
TI  - Influence of castration and of the kind of sympathomimetic drug used upon the
      reactivity of rat seminal vesicles.
AB  - An interdependence of the hormonal state of rodents and the genital muscle
      response to drugs was observed either on females or on males. Castration or
      castration followed by oestradiol treatment increased the responses of rat
      seminal vesicles to parasympathomimetic drugs. As, however, the influence of such
      procedures upon the responses to sympathomimetic drugs is controversial, the
      parameters pD2 (apparent affinity constant), alpha (intrinsic activity) and rho
      (relative responsiveness) of adrenaline, noradrenaline, methoxamine and
      phenylephrine on the seminal vesicles isolated from normal and castrated rats
      were determined. These parameters were shown to be different, depending not only
      of the hormonal state of the donor animals, but also of the drugs tested on each
      preparation. These facts must be considered in studies about sensitivity of rat
      seminal vesicles to sympathomimetic drugs.

PMID- 3395164
TI  - Pharmacology of WEB 1881-FU, a central cholinergic agent, which enhances
      cognition and cerebral metabolism.
AB  - The pharmacological effects of the novel compound WEB 1881 FU (4-amino-methyl-1
      benzyl-pyrrolidine-2-one-fumarate) were investigated. The tests performed
      indicate that the compound has cytoprotective as well as metabolism and cognition
      enhancing and central cholinomimetic properties. The nootropic effects in all
      tests were more pronounced than those of piracetam, while the central
      cholinomimetic effects were generally weaker than those of directly acting
      cholinomimetic agents. However, the typical peripheral cholinergic side effects
      were not observed. From the results we believe that the stimulating effect of WEB
      1881 FU upon the central cholinergic system is modulatory rather than direct. The
      combination of nootropic and cholinomimetic properties appears favorable for
      treatment of brain dysfunction in the elderly. Side effects are less serious than
      with other known cholinomimetics.

PMID- 3395166
TI  - Simultaneous assessment of effects of calmodulin antagonists and Ca++ channel
      blockers on the electrophysiological and mechanical characteristics in excised
      guinea-pig papillary muscles.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to assess whether known calmodulin (CaM)
      antagonists might have an ability to modify slow action potentials and mechanical
      functions of the isolated guinea-pig myocardium, in comparison with that of Ca++
      channel blockers. Their effects on high K+-induced contraction of the canine
      femoral artery were also examined. In the guinea-pig myocardium, trifluoperazine
      and W-7, suppressed mechanical contraction as a measure of the over-all Ca++
      movement flowing through the sarcolemma to the myofibrils with the IC30 values of
      1.6 x 10(-5) M and 2.9 x 10(-5) M, respectively, whereas calmidazolium showed a
      weak action at concentrations up to 3 x 10(-5) M. The maximum rate of rise (Vmax)
      of Ca++-mediated slow action potential, a measure of transmembrane Ca++ influx,
      was clearly suppressed by trifluoperazine and less extently by W-7, but not by
      calmidazolium. Ca++ channel blockers nicardipine, diltiazem and verapamil,
      significantly reduced both tension development and Vmax. There was a good
      correlation between the inhibitory effects of trifluoperazine and these Ca++
      channel blockers on tension development and Vmax (r = 0.85-0.96). Such a high
      correlation was not observed with W-7 and calmidazolium. In the canine femoral
      artery tensed up with high K+, all of these 3 CaM antagonists and 3 Ca++ channel
      blockers produced concentration-dependent vasorelaxation and relative potencies
      determined on the basis of concentrations producing IC30 were in the descending
      order: nicardipine greater than diltiazem greater than verapamil greater than
      calmidazolium greater than or equal to trifluoperazine greater than W-7. The
      present results suggest that the clear negative inotropic effect of
      trifluoperazine is attributable presumably to its additional inhibitory action on
      slow inward Ca++ current, while W-7 and calmidazolium elicit their weak negative
      inotropic effects beyond the process of the transmembrane Ca++ influx. In
      conclusion, there might be less crucial role of CaM-activated phosphorylation in
      the regulation of beat-to-beat myocardial contractility than that of
      transmembrane Ca++ influx.

PMID- 3395165
TI  - Vasodilator responses in perfused rabbit kidney: the role of endothelium.
AB  - The responses to vasodilator agents of renal vasculature were studied in perfused
      rabbit kidney. Acetylcholine (ACh) and calcium-ionophore (A23187), as endothelium
      dependent relaxing agents, and prostacyclin (PGI2), an endothelium-independent
      vasodilator, induced a rapid and reversible fall in perfusion pressure of the
      noradrenaline (NA) constricted renal vasculature. The vasodilator responses of
      the preparations were not lost after perfusing the kidney with hypotonic Krebs
      solution or 10 mumol/l mepacrine. Collagenase treatment significantly reduced the
      vasodilator responses, not only to ACh and A23187, but also to PGI2. Perfusion of
      the renal vascular bed with dexamethason did not influence the vasodilator
      responses. Exposure of the renal vasculature to p-bromophenacylbromide (PBPB),
      which is a known inhibitor of phospholipases, markedly reduced the ACh- and
      A23187-induced vasodilatation. The responses to PGI2, however, were also
      moderately depressed in the presence of PBPB. The lipoxygenase-inhibitor
      nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), inhibited the responses to ACh and A23187, but
      did not reduce the responses to PGI2. Some commonly used methods and chemicals,
      that have been successful in destroying the endothelium of large vessels, were
      not effective in renal vasculature. We failed to demonstrate that the inhibitory
      actions of these treatments were specific for the endothelium-dependent
      responses. Our results provide indirect evidence for the involvement of
      lipoxygenase products in the vasodilatation responses of the rabbit kidney and
      for a possible role of endothelium in the reactivity of renal vasculature.

PMID- 3395167
TI  - Frequency-dependent effects of class I, III and IV antiarrhythmic drugs on the
      conduction and excitability in rabbit ventricular muscle.
AB  - The frequency-dependent effect of 11 antiarrhythmic drugs on the impulse
      conduction time and excitability threshold was studied in isolated rabbit right
      ventricular muscle. Before drug application, conduction time and excitability
      threshold were independent of the stimulation cycle length (200-2000 msec).
      Quinidine, tocainide, lidocaine, disopyramide, procainamide, flecainide,
      lorcainide and mexiletine increased conduction time and excitability threshold in
      a frequency-dependent manner (use-dependency) while verapamil, clofilium and
      bretylium did not significantly alter conduction and excitability at any applied
      stimulation frequency. It was concluded that the use-dependent effect which was
      described earlier with most Class I antiarrhythmic drugs on the rate of rise of
      the action potential can be also demonstrated in extracellular
      electrophysiological experiments and this must be considered during routine
      pharmacological screenings.

PMID- 3395168
TI  - Cardiac glycoside receptors in clinical and experimental states of chronic renal
      failure.
AB  - To investigate the mechanisms leading to decreased cardiac glycoside sensitivity
      in uremia, digitalis receptors were characterized by [3H]-ouabain binding to
      mononuclear leucocytes of chronically hemodialyzed patients and to cerebral
      cortex membranes of partially nephrectomized rats. There were no statistically
      significant differences in receptor density and affinity between uremic patients
      and healthy control persons and between partially nephrectomized and sham
      operated rats. [3H]-Ouabain bound with high affinity to intact mononuclear
      leucocytes and to cerebral cortex membranes. However, the affinity to the
      cerebral cortex membrane preparation was markedly higher.

PMID- 3395169
TI  - Influence of parathyroidectomy on aortic responsiveness to noradrenaline in
      spontaneously hypertensive rats.
AB  - The development of hypertension was delayed and attenuated after removal of the
      parathyroid glands in 6 weeks-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The
      influence of parathyroidectomy on vascular contractile responses to noradrenaline
      was investigated on isolated aortic rings. An increased sensitivity to cumulative
      concentrations of noradrenaline in physiological solution containing 1.25 mmol/l
      calcium was observed 22 weeks after surgery in aorta from parathyroidectomized
      rats as compared to control rats. In response to a single concentration of
      noradrenaline (10(-5) mol/l), aortae from parathyroidectomized SHR rats compared
      to controls displayed an increased tonic component. No difference in contractile
      responses to calcium was observed between aortae from control and
      parathyroidectomized rats. These data are not specific for hypertension in SHR
      since after parathyroidectomy similar results were also obtained on normotensive
      Wistar rats. In addition, 8 weeks-old Wistar rats contractile responses evoked by
      cumulative concentrations of noradrenaline in solution containing 0.6 mmol/l
      calcium were decreased in aortae from both control and parathyroidectomized rats.
      Moreover, calculated contractile responses were similar in parathyroidectomized
      and control rats for the in vivo levels of ionized calcium. From these results it
      appears that removal of parathyroid glands in both spontaneously hypertensive and
      normotensive rats, leads to an increase in the in vitro vascular reactivity to
      noradrenaline, and the extracellular calcium concentration seems to play a key
      role in this mechanism.

PMID- 3395170
TI  - Effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (SA-446) on regional
      hemodynamics in renal and spontaneously hypertensive rats.
AB  - The effects of an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, SA-446, on regional
      hemodynamics were examined in conscious renal and spontaneously hypertensive rats
      (RHR, SHR) using the radioactive microsphere method. We observed the differences
      in regional hemodynamics between hypertensive rats and normotensive rats, as well
      as the differences between SHR and RHR. An i.v. administration of SA-446 at a
      dose of 1 mg/kg induced a considerable hypotension in both types of hypertensive
      rats and increased the flow rates in most organs, along with an increase of
      cardiac output. The systemic and regional hemodynamic changes due to SA-446 in
      SHR and RHR were not qualitatively different, but the organs in RHR responded to
      SA-446 with greater magnitude. SA-446 increased the flow rates in organs which
      originally had low flow rates, more than it increased those of normotensive
      control rats.

PMID- 3395171
TI  - Influence of temperature on the responses to serotonin (5-HT) in perfused rat
      lung.
AB  - The effects of serotonin (5-HT) on the perfusion pressure of the isolated rat
      lung was investigated at 2 different temperatures (37 degrees C and 15 degrees
      C). 5-HT (1-30 micrograms) increased the perfusion pressure dose-dependently and
      a biphasic vasoconstrictor response appeared with the doses of 3-30 micrograms at
      37 degrees C. Both phases were only blocked by methysergide (5 X 10(-10) M) among
      the 5-HT antagonists tested. At 15 degrees C, 5-HT (0.3-30 micrograms) elicited a
      similar response but the second phase appeared with the higher doses of the
      agonist compared to that at 37 degrees C. The initial phase, which was
      significantly higher than that at 37 degrees C, was antagonized by ketanserin,
      mianserin, pizotifen and methysergide in a noncompetitive manner. The order of
      potencies of the 4 serotonergic antagonists was compared with their affinity for
      central 5-HT receptors. The results led us to conclude that receptors mediating
      the initial phase of the vasoconstrictor response to 5-HT at 15 degrees C are
      neither of the 5-HT1 nor of the 5-HT2 type, but are 5-HT1 ones at 37 degrees C in
      the rat pulmonary vascular bed.

PMID- 3395173
TI  - Kallikrein release from the kidney: in vitro effects of AVP and DDAVP in three
      species.
AB  - Kallikrein released during superfusion of rat, monkey and human kidney cortical
      slices was mainly in the inactive form. Arginine vasopressin and the nonpressor
      synthetic analogue des-amino-D-arginine vasopressin increased the release of
      inactive kallikrein to a similar extent in all species. No detectable change in
      active kallikrein release occurred. These results suggest a role for the
      kallikrein-kinin system in the regulation of the hydro-osmotic effect of arginine
      vasopressin.

PMID- 3395172
TI  - Methylprednisolone pulses and urine electrolyte excretion.
AB  - The mineralocorticoid activity of methylprednisolone pulses was assessed by
      measurement of urine electrolyte excretion prior to and during alternate day
      pulsing in patients with skin or joint disease. Two groups were studied: the
      first receiving pulses, but no other steroid; the second having taken oral
      prednisolone prior to and during pulsing. Urine sodium excretion in 24 hr urine
      specimens from both groups was suppressed, with no rebound between pulses, but a
      gradual "escape" occurred from the effects of continued pulsing. Four hour urine
      collections demonstrated suppression of urinary sodium excretion for up to 32 hr
      after pulsing with gradual recovery. The peak recovery in sodium excretion
      coincided with the subsequent pulse and was insufficient to compensate for the
      preceding sodium retention. Alternate day pulsing does not, therefore, reduce the
      risk of sodium retention from large doses of methylprednisolone.

PMID- 3395175
TI  - Inhibitory effect of apomorphine on hippocampal stimulation-induced "wet-dog
      shakes" in rats may be due to a stereotyped behavior.
AB  - The effect of apomorphine on "wet-dog shakes" (WDS) elicited by hippocampal
      stimulation was investigated. Apomorphine in doses of 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg given to
      rats s.c. reduced the number of WDS. Haloperidol in doses of 0.2-1.0 mg/kg given
      i.p. also significantly and dose-dependently reduced the number of WDS. The
      inhibitory effect of apomorphine in doses of 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg on WDS was
      completely inhibited by haloperidol given in a dose of 0.5 mg/kg. It is,
      therefore, conceivable that the inhibition of WDS produced by apomorphine in
      doses of 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg may result from the occurrence of stereotyped behavior
      and that the dopaminergic blocking action may be crucial for the inhibition of
      WDS induced by hippocampal stimulation. Despite a 50% increase in stimulation
      intensity, as compared with the afterdischarge threshold, the number of WDS
      remained unchanged. We tentatively concluded that apomorphine fails to increase
      the number of WDS, as a result of the ceiling phenomenon.

PMID- 3395174
TI  - Anaesthetic effects of flurazepam alone and in combination with thiopental or
      hexobarbital evaluated with an EEG-threshold method in male rats.
AB  - The anaesthetic effects of a benzodiazepine derivate, flurazepam, and the
      anaesthetic interaction between flurazepam and 2 barbiturates, thiopental and
      hexobarbital, were studied in male rats using an EEG-threshold method. The
      criterion of anaesthesia was defined by a burst suppression in the EEG of 1 sec
      or more (the "silent second"). The dose needed to induce the criterion was used
      as the threshold. The data on the interaction were evaluated with the
      isobolographic method. Flurazepam alone infused with different rates gave an
      almost V-shaped dose-rate curve. Convulsive activity was seen in all rats in
      connection with the EEG-criterion. The mortality during anaesthesia increased
      with increased infusion rates of flurazepam. The anaesthetic interaction between
      thiopental-flurazepam and hexobarbital-flurazepam was with low admixture of
      flurazepam, a pronounced potentiation. With increased admixture of flurazepam, an
      additive interaction with thiopental and flurazepam was obtained, whereas an
      antagonistic interaction was obtained with hexobarbital and flurazepam.
      Convulsive activity and mortality during anaesthesia in the interaction studies
      were only observed in tests where high admixtures of flurazepam were used.

PMID- 3395176
TI  - Possible genetic influence on conjugate formation in salicylic acid metabolism.
AB  - Subjects (7 males and 7 females) were dosed with salicylic acid (1 g) and hourly
      urinary samples were analyzed for its metabolites. The results obtained showed
      that the female subjects had higher capacity for salicylurate formation than the
      male (P less than or equal to 0.025). The urinary hourly excretion ratio of
      salicylurate and salicylglucuronic acid was about or greater than 1 while in the
      male this ratio is less than 0.50. A comparison of this ratio between female and
      male showed a highly significant difference (P less than or equal to 0.001). The
      high capacity of glucuronic acid pathway in male and the alternate pathway in
      female suggest a possible genetic influence in salicylic acid metabolism.

PMID- 3395179
TI  - [The extraction of piglet kidney cells for mass culturing by perfusion of the
      kidneys].

PMID- 3395177
TI  - The effects of hypothermia on the blockade of muscarinic receptors by
      phenoxybenzamine.
AB  - To characterize the hypothermia-induced changes in the activity and kinetic
      constants for muscarinic receptors, we investigated the effects of hypothermia on
      the onset and offset of action of phenoxybenzamine from the muscarinic receptors
      of the longitudinal muscle of the guinea-pig isolated ileum. At 37 degrees C, the
      onset of phenoxybenzamine action was very rapid (less than 5 min) and there was
      no apparent recovery of the response to ACh 70 min after washing off the
      phenoxybenzamine. However, the onset at 24 degrees C was very slow (30 min) and
      there was a complete recovery of the response to ACh 40 min after washing off the
      unoccluded phenoxybenzamine. We concluded that the lack of reversibility of the
      effects of phenoxybenzamine at 37 degrees C is due to the predominance of
      covalent binding between the receptors and phenoxybenzamine whereas at 24 degrees
      C the blockade of the muscarinic receptor by phenoxybenzamine is mainly due to
      simple occlusion.

PMID- 3395178
TI  - Evidence for multiple prejunctional receptor sites in rat isolated anococcygeus
      muscle.
AB  - In rat isolated anococcygeus muscle, dopamine (2.6 x 10(-11) M to 8.3 x 10(-10)
      M) produced a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on field stimulated
      contractions. The effect of dopamine was blocked by pimozide (2.2 x 10(-8) M) but
      not by yohimbine (2.6 x 10(-10) M) or propranolol (1.0 x 10(-7) M), suggesting a
      specific prejunctional inhibitory effect. Higher concentrations of dopamine (1.4
      x 10(-7) M to 1.4 x 10(-4) M) elicited concentration-dependent contractions which
      were blocked competitively with higher concentrations of pimozide (2.2 x 10(-7) M
      to 1.4 x 10(-4) M) and 2.2 x 10(-6) M), suggesting a postjunctional activity. ACh
      in very low concentrations (2.8 x 10(-11) M to 4.4 x 10(-10) M) blocked the field
      stimulated contractions. Atropine (2.6 x 10(-9) M) per se augmented them and also
      antagonized the inhibitory effects of ACh, suggesting a prejunctional activity of
      ACh. Higher concentrations of ACh (5.5 x 10(-7) M to 7.0 x 10(-5) M) produced
      contractions which were not altered by atropine in a concentration (2.6 x 10(-9)
      M) which antagonized the prejunctional activity of ACh. Histamine, in a wide
      range (3.1 x 10(-12) M to 2.6 x 10(-8) M), did not modify field stimulated
      contractions. Very low concentrations of 5-HT (1.2 x 10(-11) M to 3.8 x 10(-10)
      M) had an inhibitory effect on field stimulated contractions. Methysergide (2.8 x
      10(-9) M) enhanced the responses to electrical stimulation and antagonized the 5
      HT-induced inhibitory effect. Still higher concentrations of 5-HT (1.9 x 10(-6) M
      to 1.0 x 10(-3) M) produced concentration-dependent contractions. Methysergide
      (8.5 x 10(-7) M) failed to antagonize, whereas phentolamine (1.0 x 10(-6) M)
      antagonized 5-HT competitively. Dopamine (8.3 x 10(-10) M), ACh (4.4 x 10(-10) M)
      or 5-HT (3.9 x 10(-10) M), in concentrations which produced a maximal
      prejunctional inhibitory effect, did not alter the EC50 value of NA, ruling out a
      post-junctional effect. Moreover, the concentration ratios of these agents for
      EC50 pre to EC50 post were less than 1, suggesting their preferential
      prejunctional site of action. It is concluded that multiple prejunctional site of
      action. It is concluded that multiple prejunctional receptor activities for DA,
      ACh (muscarinic) and 5-HT, which modify the release of neurotransmitter, may be
      operative in this preparation.

PMID- 3395180
TI  - [The differentiation of Bordetella bronchiseptica strains. 7. Phenotypic changes
      in Bordetella bronchiseptica through changes of phase].

PMID- 3395181
TI  - [The aging of Pasteurella multocida aerosols].

PMID- 3395182
TI  - [Animal experiments with Campylobacter coli using suckling pigs].

PMID- 3395183
TI  - Teratological effects of pesticide (basagran) on embryo of albino rat.

PMID- 3395184
TI  - Biochemical variations during periparturient period in goats.

PMID- 3395186
TI  - [Quality control of "trypsin for cell culture"].

PMID- 3395185
TI  - [Experimental clinical and pathomorphological studies on young cocks after
      feeding mercury-disinfected seed with and without selenium supplementation].

PMID- 3395188
TI  - [Therapeutic trials of drugs in pediatrics].

PMID- 3395187
TI  - [Analytical characterization of culture media and culture media ingredients. 1.
      Characterization of nitrogen sources for cell culture media].

PMID- 3395189
TI  - [Blood pressure in 6- to 45-month-old children. Apropos of a study of 264
      children from nurseries].
AB  - The systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure and pulse rate were measured
      among 264 children aged 6 to 45 months, during routine check-up in 4 day
      nurseries. We took the mean value of 3 successive measurements taken at one
      minute intervals on the upper arm of calm, asymptomatic children, with an
      automatic oscillometric monitor (Dinamap). When the mean systolic blood pressure
      was greater than 110 mmHg, the measurement was repeated. The results were related
      to weight, height and age and to personal and/or family history. The systolic
      pressure was steady with a 97th percentile at 110 mmHg. The diastolic pressure
      presented two levels: 97th percentile at 81 mmHg before 24 months and 73 mmHg
      afterwards. Nine children born to toxemic mothers, and 14 having required
      neonatal hospital care, had lower diastolic pressure. The other family or
      personal data were not linked to particular pressure groups.

PMID- 3395190
TI  - [Treatment of craniopharyngiomas in children. Retrospective analysis of 50
      cases].
AB  - In order to evaluate the results of surgery and radiotherapy upon
      craniopharyngiomas in children, the authors review their own series of 50 cases
      treated from 1968 to 1985 and the literature. After subtotal removal, the
      recurrence-free survival rate, 10 years postoperatively, was 37%. This rate was
      significantly higher (72%) when the subtotal removal was followed by irradiation
      with a dose of 50 to 55 grays: however, deafness and severe neuro-psychological
      and intellectual sequelae were frequent in these patients. After radical excision
      the rate of recurrence was the lowest, with a 10 year-recurrence-free survival
      rate of 88%. The postoperative mortality was low in case of pre-chiasmatic
      craniopharyngiomas, but high in case of retro-chiasmatic ones. Nevertheless, it
      appears from the recent literature data that impressive surgical improvements are
      to be expected from new surgical routes, associated with the use of the most
      recent technologies. The conclusions of this study are: 1. Radical excision is
      the treatment of choice; 2. If radical excision is not possible, surgery should
      be followed by irradiation to lower the risk of recurrence; 3. However, in view
      of the dangers of radiotherapy to the growing brain, it should be delayed as long
      as possible, particularly in the case of young children, and used only when tumor
      recurrence has been demonstrated.

PMID- 3395192
TI  - [Neurophysiological study of peripheral nerves in newborn infants with congenital
      hypothyroidism. Value in the surveillance of replacement therapy].
AB  - The authors studied prospectively with electrophysiological means, peripheral
      nerve maturation of 18 neonates with congenital hypothyroidism compared to 18
      controls. Before replacement therapy, a large reduction of sural nerve action
      potential amplitude and of Hoffmann's reflex was observed. It was accompanied by
      a moderate reduction in nerve conduction velocity. These results imply a myelinic
      and even more an axonal pathology. It is related to the anatomical type of
      hypothyroidism and to serum T4 deficiency. It is transient and disappears after 6
      months of hormonal replacement therapy. In conclusion, this study gives new
      informations on the consequences of congenital hypothyroidism on peripheral
      nerves.

PMID- 3395191
TI  - [Long-term fate of pituitary dwarfs treated with growth hormone].
AB  - A questionnaire having been mailed to 50 hypopituitary patients aged 18 to 36
      years (m 21.7 +/- 3.4) previously treated with human growth hormone for at least
      3 years, 44 answers have been received. The final height is 2.1 +/- 0.9 standard
      deviations below the average. However 57% of the patients consider it is
      sufficient. The smallness is felt as a handicap by 20% only of these adults,
      though 88% had suffered for it during their adolescence. The treatment is
      retrospectively considered as useful and acceptable by 68%, heavy but useful by
      25%, heavy and useless by 7%, without correlation with the results. Only 41% are
      satisfied with their school achievements. However, more than two thirds of
      patients had severe school difficulties at the time of onset of the treatment.
      Actually 75% of the patients are professionally qualified, among whom 36% have
      achieved high school, and most have an educational level similar to that of their
      parents or even higher. But 41% only have an employment, 27% are still students
      and 32% are unemployed. The way of life of the young hypopituitary adults is
      severely affected: 6 only are married or living with a mate, 11 only write they
      have occasional sexual experiences, 16 remain completely alone. In contrast,
      leisure activities are good in more than 90%. A score taking all these data into
      consideration to evaluate their way of life shows, among the 43 complete answers
      to the questionnaire, 16% with excellent results, 49% with a rather good social
      status and 35% with poor final result.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3395193
TI  - [Limitations of two-dimensional echocardiography in infants under one month of
      age].
AB  - One hundred and thirty-three children less than one month of age and presenting
      with congenital heart disease were investigated using two-dimensional
      echocardiography (TD echo). In these children, 234 cardiovascular abnormalities
      had been proven by hemodynamic and angiographic investigations (n = 103), post
      mortem examinations (n = 15) or operative findings (n = 12). TD echo identified
      201 cardiovascular abnormalities with 33 false negatives (sensitivity 86%) and 12
      false positives (specificity 94%). Diagnosis after TD echo was correct in 100
      children (75%), incomplete in 18 (13.5%), imprecise in 11 (8.3%) and false in 4
      (3%). The most frequently unrecognized lesions were: anomalous systemic venous
      drainage (5/8), persistent ductus arteriosus (5/12), pulmonary stenosis (3/8),
      ventricular septal defect (5/27), coarctation (2/18). The lesions difficult to
      characterize concerned mostly the pulmonary valve and the aspect of the aortic
      arch. On the other hand, TD echo allowed to correctly identify major intracardiac
      abnormalities, malpositions of the great vessels and to well appreciate the
      dimensions of the trunk and branches of the pulmonary artery. These results allow
      to refrain from diagnostic endocavitary investigations in most of the heart
      defects revealed in the neonatal period and to perform curative or palliative
      closed heart surgery without preoperative catheterization. However, clinical,
      angiographic and hemodynamic investigations keep an important place in the
      preoperative evaluation of defects that may benefit from open heart surgery.

PMID- 3395195
TI  - [Magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of an intraspinal arteriovenous
      malformation in a child].
AB  - A case of arteriovenous malformation of the spinal canal in a 8 year-old girl is
      reported. This child complained of night abdominal pain for several months,
      without diagnosis. Plain X-ray showed an enlargement of the lumbar spinal canal.
      Magnetic resonance imaging diagnosed a spinal vascular malformation, which was
      confirmed by angiography. Interest of MRI in such a case is emphasized.

PMID- 3395194
TI  - [Mycotic aneurysm of the pulmonary artery complicating infectious endocarditis].
AB  - The authors report the case of a 7 year-old boy, in whom a mycotic aneurysm of
      the lobar inferior left pulmonary artery had been found in the course of a
      staphylococcal endocarditis of the tricuspid valve. Surgical removal of the
      aneurysm was followed by a thrombosis of this artery. This is a rare complication
      after infective endocarditis. Analysis of literature data shows that the rupture
      of these aneurysms frequently occurs; therefore, systematic surgical treatment is
      recommended whenever the anatomic conditions make it possible.

PMID- 3395196
TI  - [Congenital intrinsic factor deficiency. Apropos of 3 cases in a sibship].
AB  - Three familial cases of congenital intrinsic factor deficiency are reported: the
      stress is put on the interest of gastric investigations and especially of the
      quantity of intrinsic factor in the gastric juice when investigating
      megaloblastic anemia due to vitamin B12 deficiency. The study of the level of
      intrinsic factor in the gastric juice is proposed as a test for identifying
      carriers.

PMID- 3395197
TI  - [Value of cyclosporin A in dermatomyositis in a child].
AB  - Cyclosporin A was used in a 3 1/2 year-old child with dermatomyositis exhibiting
      severe junctional impairment and intolerance to steroids. After a few weeks,
      marked clinical improvement was observed allowing a reduction of the doses of
      steroids. After 9 months, the clinical status was satisfactory: the
      calcifications had lost their inflammatory characteristics. No side effect of
      cyclosporin A was observed at the dose used (4.4 mg/kg/d) which maintained
      effective blood concentrations between 80 and 220 ng/ml.

PMID- 3395198
TI  - [Iconographic rubric. Acute hydrops of the gallbladder in Staphylococcus aureus
      septicemia in a child].

PMID- 3395199
TI  - [Etiological study of acute gastroenteritis in children in Tunisia].
AB  - This study was aimed at identifying the relative importance of the various agents
      responsible for gastroenteritis and to contribute to the etiopathogeny of this
      condition. Four hundred and two samples of stools of patients and 209 of control
      subjects, all under 3 years of age, were submitted to bacteriological,
      parasitologic and virologic examinations. An enteral etiology of gastroenteritis
      was found in 50% of the children. It consisted of enteropathogenic bacteria in
      11%, rotaviruses in 29% and both associated in 19% of cases. There was a
      significant difference between patients and controls for bacterial (p less than
      0.0001) and viral (p less than 0.00001) infestation. The most frequently isolated
      bacteria consisted overall of Escherichia coli. Eighty-seven isolated strains of
      E. Coli were tested for their enterotoxinogenic capacities. Four strains were
      bearing the attachment factor (EAF) and 14 were toxinogenic. Shiga-like toxin (or
      vero toxin) was detected in 4 strains. Campylobacter was isolated as frequently
      in patients as in controls and was often associated with other bacteria or
      rotaviruses. The presence of parasites and candidas was not significantly
      different in patients and in controls. Giardia intestinalis was the most
      frequently isolated parasite.

PMID- 3395200
TI  - High correlations of norepinephrine, dopamine, and epinephrine and their major
      metabolite excretion rates.
AB  - We have previously reported high correlations between norepinephrine and its
      metabolite outputs in depressed patients. In this article, we expand this finding
      to healthy volunteers and alcoholic patients. Furthermore, we find similar high
      correlations between urinary outputs of dopamine, norepinephrine, and their major
      metabolites. The same is true, to a lesser degree, for epinephrine and
      metanephrine outputs. There are implications of these findings for
      psychobiological research on the monoamine systems.

PMID- 3395201
TI  - Diagnosing personality disorder in depressed patients. A comparison of patient
      and informant interviews.
AB  - Personality disorder (PD) diagnosis were made in 66 depressed patients based on
      independent interviews of the patient and a close informant. The patients and
      informants markedly differed in their descriptions of the patients' normal
      personality. The kappa coefficient of agreement for the diagnosis of any PD was
      .13, and all kappa values for the individual PD diagnoses were below .35.
      Informants reported more pathologic conditions than the patients, such that PDs
      were diagnosed in 57.6% (38/66) of the patients, based on the informant
      interview, and in 36.4% (24/66), based on the patient interview. We also examined
      dimensional scores. In general, we found only modest correlations between the
      patient and informant dimensional scores and that the ratings based on the
      informant interviews were higher. These results varied by specific PD diagnoses.
      Consensus ratings, which were based on both sources of information, were
      sometimes more strongly associated with patient information and sometimes with
      informant information, and this, too, varied among the different PDs.

PMID- 3395202
TI  - The validity of a self-report questionnaire for diagnosing major depressive
      disorder.
AB  - Six hundred thirteen first-degree relatives of schizophrenics, depressives, and
      normal controls were interviewed with the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) and
      completed the Inventory to Diagnose Depression (IDD), a self-report scale to
      diagnose major depressive disorder (MDD). The current point prevalence of MDD was
      nearly identical according to the two measures (DIS, 2.8%; IDD, 2.6%). Diagnostic
      concordance varied according to the Interval between the evaluations. When the
      two measures were completed within two days of each other the agreement was as
      high as can be expected between two instruments with less than perfect
      reliability. We used a family study approach to examine validity and found that
      both the DIS and IDD cases of depression were two to three times more frequent in
      the relatives of depressed patients than the relatives of schizophrenics and
      controls.

PMID- 3395203
TI  - A structured interview guide for the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale.
AB  - The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) is the most widely used scale for
      patient selection and follow-up in research studies of treatments of depression.
      Despite extensive study of the reliability and validity of the total scale score,
      the psychometric characteristics of the individual items have not been well
      studied. In the only reliability study to report agreement on individual items
      using a test-retest interview method, most of the items had only fair or poor
      agreement. Because this is due in part to variability in the way the information
      is obtained to make the various rating distinctions, the Structured Interview
      Guide for the HDRS (SIGH-D) was developed to standardize the manner of
      administration of the scale. A test-retest reliability study conducted on a
      series of psychiatric inpatients demonstrated that the use of the SIGH-D results
      in a substantially improved level of agreement for most of the HDRS items.

PMID- 3395204
TI  - Civil commitment in the psychiatric emergency room. I. The assessment of
      dangerousness by emergency room clinicians.
AB  - Critics of the dangerousness standard for civil commitment contend that there is
      no professional standard for the evaluation of dangerousness. We used Three
      Ratings of Involuntary Admissibility, a reliable index of behavioral indicators
      of danger to self, danger to others, and grave disability, and found that when
      combined into weighted patterns these indicators predicted disposition decisions
      of 70 clinicians in five psychiatric emergency rooms over 251 cases. A concurrent
      measure of perceived dangerousness, Clinician's Global Ratings of patients on
      these criteria, yielded similar results. We conclude that clinicians in
      California psychiatric emergency rooms apply a shared concept of dangerousness
      that can be described in behavioral terms.

PMID- 3395205
TI  - Civil commitment in the psychiatric emergency room. II. Mental disorder
      indicators and three dangerousness criteria.
AB  - Proponents of return to a "need for treatment" standard for civil commitment
      contend that the current dangerousness standard forces psychiatrists to neglect
      severely ill patients in favor of those who are less ill but dangerous to others.
      Among 198 psychiatric emergency patients in five facilities, those rated as most
      dangerous on Three Ratings of Involuntary Admissibility, a reliable index of
      indicators employed by clinicians in evaluating danger to self, danger to others,
      and grave disability, were also most severely ill on diagnostic and symptomatic
      assessments of mental disorder. Clinicians' Global Ratings of patient
      dangerousness on the three criteria were similarly related to severity of
      diagnosis and symptoms. Perceived dangerousness was associated with major mental
      disorder and severity of most symptom types, especially impulsivity. Danger to
      self was the criterion related to the fewest indicators of mental disorder.

PMID- 3395206
TI  - Civil commitment in the psychiatric emergency room. III. Disposition as a
      function of mental disorder and dangerousness indicators.
AB  - In 251 evaluations observed in five California public psychiatric emergency
      rooms, patients who were retained, whether new to the system or having histories
      of hospitalization, rated higher on measures of danger to self, danger to others,
      and grave disability than patients who were released. They were also more
      severely symptomatic and more often given major diagnoses. The combination of
      dangerousness and mental disorder predicted disposition for 93% of new patients
      and 88% of recidivist patients. Impulsivity was the most influential aspect of
      mental disorder.

PMID- 3395207
TI  - Limitations on psychiatrists' discretionary civil commitment authority by the
      Stone and dangerousness criteria.
AB  - The dangerousness-oriented commitment criteria of Massachusetts were compared
      with the paternalistic Stone model of commitment in an emergency setting. In a
      sample of 1062 patients, the Stone criteria were more restrictive than the
      dangerousness-oriented criteria; 91 patients were committable by the Stone model
      compared with 218 under the present statute. A second comparison of only those
      patients who refused treatment yielded similar findings--52 patients were
      committable according to the Stone criteria compared with 80 under the
      Massachusetts statute. The greater restrictiveness of the Stone criteria in each
      comparison was in large part the result of the requirement that the treatment
      decisions of the patient be incompetent; in the broader sample, the criterion of
      major patient distress had a comparable impact. A comparison of patients
      committable under both standards with those patients currently committable who
      would be excluded under the Stone standard revealed significant differences. The
      dually committable patients were more likely to be psychotic, to meet statutory
      criteria for grave disability, and to be diagnosed as manic. The implications of
      the findings are discussed.

PMID- 3395208
TI  - Civil commitment. The relationship between perceived dangerousness and mental
      illness.

PMID- 3395209
TI  - Ingestion of megadoses of ascorbic acid will not produce 'clean' urine from
      marijuana smokers.

PMID- 3395210
TI  - Grading of tumors.

PMID- 3395211
TI  - The practice of autopsy in Trieste.

PMID- 3395212
TI  - Immunoassay. Development and directions in antibody technology.
AB  - Improvements and new applications for the technique of immunoassay have been
      extensive, owing in part to improvements in specific binding reagents used. Early
      reports advocated application of naturally occurring antibodies, specific serum
      binding proteins, and receptors as binding reagents in immunoassays. Each is
      still used today, although applications are limited because affinities are
      generally low. Polyclonal antibodies produced in laboratory animals in response
      to injection of specific antigens have been the cornerstone of immunoassay
      because of their high affinities and wide range of specificities. Recently,
      monoclonal antibodies have begun to replace polyclonal antibodies because of
      improved specificity, ease of use, production of an unlimited supply, and
      advantages of worldwide assay standardization. Although only 50 analytes are
      currently measured by Food and Drug Administration--approved reagents, widespread
      use in the future is predicted.

PMID- 3395213
TI  - Immunoblotting and dot immunobinding. Emerging techniques in protein
      immunochemistry.
AB  - Immunoblotting (also known as Western blot) and dot immunobinding (also known as
      dot blot) immunoassays, used extensively in immunochemical research, have great
      potential significance for diagnostic testing in the clinical laboratory.
      Immunoblotting has distinct versatility in immunochemical test applications.
      Immunoblotting combines the power of gel electrophoresis for resolving the
      electrophoretic variants of immunologically cross-reacting proteins with the ease
      and sensitivity of immunodetection on a solid-phase immunoassay. The potential
      for diagnostic applications includes: assay of antigens from pathologic serum
      samples, body fluids, and tissue; assay of patient serum samples for antibody
      against known antigen; and separation and assay of patient immunoglobulin. The
      usefulness of these applications is enhanced by the possibility of simultaneous
      use of nonantibody ligand, reversible protein staining, or, in the case of enzyme
      proteins, the use of substrate to detect activity. Dot immunobinding, in a
      similar fashion, permits assays of multiple specimens simultaneously on single
      strips of blotting media using sample sizes as small as 0.1 microL. Also, both
      immunoblotting and dot immunobinding techniques permit sequential probing of
      antigens with different antisera, with subsequent elution and recovery of
      specific antibody probes.

PMID- 3395214
TI  - Computerized image-analysis microspectroscopy of tissue sections.
AB  - A simple technique using monochromatic light was applied to computer-assisted
      image analysis of tissue sections. The method consists of the determination of
      the spectral characteristics of different elements of interest and selective
      monochromatic illumination of a microscopic field followed by image analysis.
      Results show a dramatic increase in resolution and contrast. By means of an image
      subtraction technique at two wavelengths, it was possible to achieve specific
      optical isolation and quantification of image components.

PMID- 3395215
TI  - Lectin histochemistry of uterine adenocarcinomas.
AB  - Lectin histochemistry was used to compare normal endometrial and endocervical
      epithelium with adenocarcinomas arising in these locations. Endometrial
      carcinomas were characterized by much more variable lectin binding than normal
      endometrial cells. Endocervical carcinomas essentially retained the phenotype of
      parental epithelium. Type I lectin from Griffonia simplicifolia was the only
      lectin consistently nonreactive with normal endocervix that reacted with all
      endocervical carcinomas. In both anatomic sites, malignant transformation was
      associated with a loss of binding sites for some lectins and an acquisition of
      binding sites for others.

PMID- 3395216
TI  - Benign familial hematuria.
AB  - Fifty children had benign familial hematuria. They were from 43 families showing
      neither deafness, heavy proteinuria, nor chronic renal failure and had a
      nonprogressive course. Light microscopy of renal biopsy specimens showed little
      or no glomerular changes. Immunofluorescence showed no significant glomerular
      deposits of immunoglobulins or complement components, but deposition of C3 in the
      arteriolar walls was observed in 21 of the 39 patients examined. Electron
      microscopy demonstrated widespread attenuation of the glomerular basement
      membrane (GBM) in 19 patients, focal attenuation in 22, and normal GBM in nine.
      These observations suggest that patients with benign familial hematuria are
      heterogeneous and that the thin GBM may be related to hematuria.

PMID- 3395217
TI  - Childhood fibrous tumor with psammoma bodies. Clinicopathologic features in two
      cases.
AB  - A fibrous tumor with psammomatous calcifications and lymphoplasmacytic cell
      infiltrate occurred in two children. It could represent a distinctive lesion or
      late stages of calcifying aponeurotic fibroma, or inflammatory pseudotumor.

PMID- 3395219
TI  - Cytogenetic study of Kaposi's sarcoma associated with acquired immunodeficiency
      syndrome.
AB  - We performed cytogenetic studies on direct preparations and short-term cultures
      from Kaposi's sarcoma cells obtained from malignant pericardial effusion. The
      patient, a 46-year-old man with human immunodeficiency virus infection, initially
      presented with metastatic Kaposi's sarcoma. Despite therapy, his tumor proved
      aggressive, and the patient died of widespread pulmonary involvement nine months
      after diagnosis. Cytogenetic analysis revealed a predominant karyotype of 48,X,
      Y, t(2;7)(q32;q36), +der(5)t(5;15)(q?15;q?15), -7, +del(7)(p15), +del(7)(p15),
      +der(8)t(8;D or G)(q24;p11.2), del(10)(p13), dup(12)(q24), t(18;20)(q21;q13).
      This case is described in relation to other published cytogenetic studies of this
      tumor.

PMID- 3395218
TI  - Glycoconjugate expression in human renal oncocytomas. A lectin histochemical
      study.
AB  - A panel of lectins chosen for its specificity for segments of the nephron was
      used in an avidin-biotin-peroxidase reaction to stain 13 human renal oncocytomas
      and a specimen of oncocytomatosis. The lectins were derived from Lotus
      tetragonolobus, Glycine max, Dolichos biflorus, and Arachis hypogaea. Two
      patterns predominated: one of staining with the lectins of D biflorus and G max,
      suggesting distal tubular or collecting-duct differentiation, and one of staining
      with the lectin of L tetragonolobus, suggesting proximal tubular differentiation.

PMID- 3395220
TI  - Concomitant presence of inflammatory fibroid polyp and carcinoma or adenoma in
      the stomach.
AB  - Four instances (8%) of inflammatory fibroid polyp (IFP) with concomitant
      adenocarcinoma or adenoma, in the same area, were noted among 50 cases of IFP of
      the stomach. Adding two cases from other sources, four cases of gastric IFP
      concomitant with an adenocarcinoma and two of gastric IFP concomitant with an
      adenoma were studied histopathologically and immunohistochemically. All lesions
      were located in the gastric antrum and they were restricted to the mucosa in
      three, and they involved both mucosa and submucosa in the other three. Neither
      S100 protein nor factor VIII-associated antigen was recognized in the principal
      component cells, using an immunoperoxidase technique. This finding suggests the
      conventional view that the proliferating cells were neither neurogenic nor
      angioblastic, but rather, were fibroblastic in origin. The four concomitant
      carcinomas were early adenocarcinomas restricted to within the mucosa, and the
      two concomitant adenomas were tubular adenomas with a moderate epithelial atypia.
      All these neoplasms were present in or adjacent to the IFP. We emphasize that the
      IFP, albeit benign, may carry an adenocarcinoma or an adenoma.

PMID- 3395221
TI  - Gastrointestinal arterial fibromuscular dysplasia of childhood.
AB  - An unusual case of a progressive, noninflammatory stenosing vasculopathy,
      arterial fibromuscular dysplasia is presented. The distinctive features of this
      particular case include onset in early childhood with a predominant involvement
      of the gastrointestinal system, sparing of the renal arteries, lack of
      hypertension, and no cutaneous features of progressive systemic sclerosis. We
      discuss the clinical history over a decade and the pathologic features, including
      routine and electron microscopic findings of biopsy and autopsy tissues, and
      review the literature.

PMID- 3395222
TI  - A carcinoid tumor of the stomach with features of a midgut tumor.
AB  - This report is, to our knowledge, the first of a gastric carcinoid tumor that, by
      electron microscopy, revealed pleomorphic neurosecretory granules similar to
      those found in carcinoid tumors arising from the midgut. On the basis of silver
      staining, this lesion would be classified as an argentaffin and argyrophil
      carcinoid tumor, of the type usually associated with midgut derivation.
      Immunostaining showed the presence of serotonin granules, and there was clinical
      evidence of intraoperative hyperserotoninemia. The lesion is believed to have
      arisen from foci of complete intestinal metaplasia, many of which were present in
      proximity to the site of the lesion and elsewhere in the stomach.

PMID- 3395223
TI  - Quadricuspid aortic valve and single coronary ostium.
AB  - We describe an autopsy patient in whom a rare congenital anomaly of quadricuspid
      semilunar aortic valve and coronary arteries originating from a single orifice of
      one aortic sinus occurred. To the best of our knowledge, this combination of
      cardiac anomalies has not been reported.

PMID- 3395224
TI  - Sexual interest and behavior in healthy 80- to 102-year-olds.
AB  - Sexual interest and behavior of 100 white men and 102 white women ranging in age
      from 80-102 were studied using an anonymous 117-item questionnaire. Subjects were
      healthy and upper middle-class, and living in residential retirement facilities;
      14% of the women and 29% of the men were presently married. For both men and
      women, the most common activity was touching and caressing without sexual
      intercourse, followed by masturbation, followed by sexual intercourse. Of these
      activities, only touching and caressing showed a significant decline from the 80s
      to the 90s, with further analyses revealing a significant decline in this
      activity for men but not for women. Except for past enjoyment of sexual
      intercourse and of touching and caressing without sexual intercourse, all
      analyses revealed sex differences reflecting more activity and enjoyment by men.
      Current income and past guilt over sexual feelings showed very low but
      significant correlations with some frequency and enjoyment measures, and marital
      status, extramarital sex, and church attendance were significantly associated
      with continuing to perform and enjoy some sexual behaviors. Past importance of
      sex was significantly correlated with present frequency and enjoyment of both
      sexual intercourse and touching and caressing without sexual intercourse.
      Correlations between past and present frequency of sexual behaviors were
      substantial and significant for all but frequency of sexual intercourse,
      suggesting that current physical and social factors play an overriding role in
      this area.

PMID- 3395225
TI  - Sexual activity and temperament in Polish transsexuals.
AB  - Two groups of 23 female-to-male and 14 male-to-female transsexuals were compared
      to a representative sample of Polish controls along following dimensions: (i)
      temperamental features including reactivity and mobility of nervous processes, as
      measured by Strelau's Temperament Inventory; and (ii) patterns of sexual
      activity, measured with Dulko's Questionnaire for Measurement of Transsexualism.
      Transsexuals were found to resemble respective controls on temperamental
      dimensions according to their sense of gender identity and not their somatic sex.
      Male-to-female transsexuals were more similar to control females than to control
      males and the reverse was true for female-to-male subjects. With respect to forms
      of sexual activity, transsexuals, particularly the female-to-male, were found to
      have a relatively versatile erotic life. Both groups experienced more dreams with
      erotic content than respective controls. However, they also manifested fewer
      successes at satisfying their erotic needs.

PMID- 3395226
TI  - Psychosocial differences between Dutch male and female transsexuals.
AB  - One-hundred sixty-eight male and 55 female transsexuals, in hormonal treatment at
      the Gender Foundation in Amsterdam, were compared with respect to psychosocial
      characteristics. Results indicated that females more frequently had displayed
      cross-gender behavior during childhood than males, that they cross-dressed more
      often, and that, contrary to males, none had married in her anatomical sex.
      Females also applied for surgical gender reassignment at an earlier age than did
      males. More of the females lived in a stable relationship with a partner of their
      own biological sex. Relations with the parental home were better for females than
      for males, and the former were more often employed or enrolled in a study. No
      significant differences existed with respect to psychiatric treatment, substance
      abuse, or attempted suicides. It is concluded that unambiguous cross-gender
      behavior is more common in female than in male transsexuals and that the social
      conditions of the female are more satisfactory. However, a relatively high
      incidence of psychiatric treatment and attempted suicides indicates severe
      psychological problems in both the male and female groups.

PMID- 3395227
TI  - Correlates of sexual orientation in the German Democratic Republic.
AB  - From 5469 participants of a sexual inquiry in the German Democratic Republic, 90
      homosexual and 107 heterosexual women and men were selected, aged 16-30. A
      comparison was made concerning aspects of leisure time and sexual life. Some
      differences appear with regard to leisure time between homosexual and
      heterosexual women and men. The importance of love and sexuality is as great for
      young homosexuals as it is for young heterosexuals, but the mode and quantity of
      their specific sexual activities differ. Homosexual women appear to be more
      sexually active than heterosexual women on some study parameters.

PMID- 3395228
TI  - Male homosexuality in contemporary mainland China.
AB  - Through a unique circumstance described in the test we have 60 letters (of which
      56 were from a gay population) concerning homosexuality in contemporary China.
      Though the sample is not randomly selected it is the first of its kind. An
      analysis of these letters shows some interesting results and patterns. Among
      these are (i) a widespread distribution of gay people in China in terms of their
      geographic locations, ages, and occupations; (ii) the pain and mental anguish
      they suffer from being unable to openly and legally seek homosexual partners and
      the contradiction experienced from living in two worlds; (iii) their wishes and
      demands for a better and more reasonable treatment, and (iv) their hope that they
      will be provided a place or some mechanism so that they can converse and interact
      freely. To better reflect what they think and feel about themselves, their
      problems, and their hopes we have used quotations from these letters extensively.
      It is our belief that at this initial exploratory stage of the study on Chinese
      homosexuality, it is best to let the respondents speak for themselves.

PMID- 3395229
TI  - Intrapancreatic communication of bile and pancreatic ducts secondary to
      pancreatic necrosis.
AB  - An unusual complication of acute necrotizing pancreatitis occurred in which
      erosion of the intrapancreatic common bile duct and cephalic pancreatic duct
      formed a pancreaticobiliary cavity. This pancreatic process was observed to
      enhance during contrast computed tomography and was hypervascular during
      angiography, making preoperative diagnosis difficult. To our knowledge, the
      spontaneous development of such a cavity as a complication of acute pancreatitis
      has not been reported. The patient was successfully treated with
      pancreaticoduodenectomy.

PMID- 3395230
TI  - Multiple aneurysms in Behcet's disease.
AB  - Behcet's disease is characterized by recurrent ulcers of the mouth and genitalia
      and relapsing iritis. It is now recognized as a chronic multisystem disease
      affecting the skin, mucous membranes, eye, joints, central nervous system, and
      blood vessels. One of the known vascular complications of Behcet's disease is
      aneurysm formation or venous thrombosis. The two patients with Behcet's disease
      in this report developed multiple aneurysms over a short time span. Vascular
      surgeons dealing with young adults with peripheral aneurysms must be aware of
      this uncommon yet challenging clinical entity.

PMID- 3395231
TI  - Extrahepatic tumor deposits misdiagnosed as intrahepatic metastases.
AB  - Focal hepatic lesions seen on roentgenologic evaluation of the liver in patients
      with cancer are usually assumed to be caused by parenchymal metastases. In this
      report, liver imaging tests showed six patients with filling defects caused by
      peritoneal carcinoma indenting the liver parenchyma. Extrahepatic tumor deposits
      were misdiagnosed in all but one of these cases. The roentgenographic
      characteristics that can assist in the differentiation of intrahepatic and
      extrahepatic metastases are a lens-shaped defect, a defect adjacent to the
      hemidiaphragm, and a halo around the liver suggesting peritoneal carcinomatosis.
      A high index of suspicion for extra-hepatic tumor masses causing intrahepatic
      filling defects may help prevent unnecessary exploratory surgery for treatment of
      hepatic metastases. Angiography may occasionally be helpful in distinguishing
      intrahepatic from extrahepatic disease.

PMID- 3395232
TI  - Treatment of instrumental perforation of esophageal malignancy by transhiatal
      esophagectomy.
AB  - Perforation of esophageal malignancy secondary to instrumentation is an uncommon
      but catastrophic complication. Esophageal perforation at the site of an
      obstructing esophageal malignancy precludes simple operative repair and mandates
      esophageal resection with reestablishment of gastro-intestinal tract continuity.
      In the past the standard surgical approach has involved transthoracic esophageal
      resection via thoracotomy. We have successfully treated four patients with
      perforated esophageal neoplasms by transhiatal esophagectomy and cervical
      esophagogastrostomy, thus avoiding thoracotomy in high-risk patients. We consider
      transhiatal esophagectomy an advantageous alternative in the management of
      selected cases of instrumental esophageal perforation adjacent to an esophageal
      malignancy.

PMID- 3395233
TI  - Will Rogers and gastric carcinoma.

PMID- 3395234
TI  - Breast cancer diagnosis.

PMID- 3395235
TI  - Pulmonary artery diastolic and wedge pressure relationships in critically ill and
      injured patients.
AB  - To study pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP) and pulmonary artery diastolic
      pressure (PADP) relationships, we measured these simultaneously with cardiac
      outputs 1922 times in 128 patients who were critically ill or in an intensive
      care unit. In 356 (18.5%) of the readings, the PAWP exceeded the PADP, indicating
      that the PAWP reading might be erroneous. In 106 (5.5%) of these readings, the
      PAWP was 6.0 mm Hg or more higher than the PADP, indicating that the PAWP was
      almost certainly erroneous. In virtually all instances in which this discrepancy
      was recognized, changing the position of the catheter tip provided a PAWP value
      equal to or lower than the PADP. On the other extreme, in 49 (30%) of the
      patients, the PADP was 6.0 mm Hg or more higher than the PAWP. The pulmonary
      vascular resistance in these patients averaged (+/- SD) 257 +/- 145 dyne/s/cm-5
      (normal, 80 to 160 dyne/s/cm-5). The mean pulmonary vascular resistance in the
      other 74 patients was significantly lower (158 +/- 72 dyne/s/cm-5). The mortality
      rate with the increased PADP-PAWP gradients was 59% (24/49). This was
      significantly higher than the mortality rate (34%, or 27/79) seen with lower PAWP
      PADP gradients. Thus, the relationship between the PADP and PAWP should be
      examined closely in critically ill patients. A PAWP higher than the PADP
      indicates that the PAWP measurement may be erroneous. On the other hand, if the
      PADP exceeds the PAWP by 6.0 mm Hg or more, the patient has probably developed
      pulmonary hypertension and has a much poorer prognosis.

PMID- 3395236
TI  - Assessment of proximity of a wound to major vascular structures as an indication
      for arteriography.
AB  - The use of angiography to evaluate penetrating extremity wounds with proximity to
      major vascular structures remains controversial. Arteriography in the
      asymptomatic patient with a penetrating extremity wound is reported to identify
      arterial injuries in 6% to 21% of patients; however, some injuries may have
      little clinical importance. This study attempted to determine the value of
      proximity as an indication for angiography. Five hundred seven asymptomatic
      patients with 534 penetrating extremity injuries underwent arteriography due to
      proximity to major vascular structures. Thirty-six arteriograms (6.7%) were
      positive. Seven patients did not undergo operative exploration, 19 patients
      (3.6%) had arteriograms, and ten (1.9%) had false-positive arteriograms. The
      remaining 498 patients had true-negative examination results. Arteriography was
      associated with 13 complications (2.6%). Proved vascular injury in the clinically
      asymptomatic patients in our series was extremely low (3.6%). These data make it
      difficult to justify arteriography due to proximity of injury to major vascular
      structures. However, it is difficult to abandon exclusion arteriography based on
      these retrospective data. These observations do suggest that better criteria to
      define proximity need to be identified.

PMID- 3395237
TI  - Accuracy and cost of needle localization breast biopsy.
AB  - The success and cost of needle localization biopsy (NLB) performed with local
      anesthesia in an outpatient procedure room (81 biopsies, group 1) or under
      general anesthesia in an operating room (36 biopsies, group 2) were compared in a
      longitudinal study. Only 78% of operations in group 1 successfully removed the
      target breast lesion; definite failure occurred in 17%, and results were
      indeterminate in 5%. Among lesions sought by group 2 procedures, 92% of lesions
      were removed successfully, 5% were missed, and 3% were indeterminate. The
      incidence of carcinoma in breast specimens was 17% in group 1 and 22% in group 2.
      Wound infection occurred after 6% of group 1 biopsies. The total cost of NLB was
      $775 in group 1 and $1960 in group 2. The difference in cost represented by the
      use of general anesthesia was $1260. The added expense of NLB done in an
      operating room under general anesthesia can be justified by a high rate of
      success in removing the breast lesion, by patient comfort, and by technical ease.

PMID- 3395238
TI  - Multimodality treatment of locally advanced breast carcinoma.
AB  - Forty patients with 41 locally advanced breast lesions at stages IIIA and IIIB
      and the inflammatory stage were treated with combined-modality therapy from July
      1980 to August 1985. Treatment included induction chemotherapy consisting of
      three cycles of fluorouracil, doxorubicin hydrochloride, and cyclophosphamide,
      followed by mastectomy in those patients whose lesions were operable (n = 28),
      and resumption of chemotherapy. Nine patients received postoperative radiation
      therapy. The mean follow-up was 34 months. Greater than 50% reduction in tumor
      size was achieved in 72% of patients after three cycles of chemotherapy. Overall,
      local control was achieved in 85% of patients with 59% survival and 53% disease
      free survival, while 10% of patients developed local recurrences. Excluding
      lymphedema of the upper extremity (n = 2) and inflammatory carcinomas (n = 4),
      local control was achieved in 96% of patients, with 75% survival and 68% disease
      free survival, while 4% of patients developed local recurrences. The rate of
      disease-free survival was 71% in patients with partial response to chemotherapy,
      contrasted with 43% in patients who did not respond or only minimally responded
      to chemotherapy. Actuarial five-year survival, based on life-table analysis, was
      calculated to be 46% for the group overall, 58% for the group excluding
      lymphedema of the upper extremity and inflammatory carcinoma, and 56% for the 28
      patients undergoing mastectomy.

PMID- 3395239
TI  - Perforated gastric ulcers. A plea for management by simple closures.
AB  - One hundred seven patients with perforated gastric ulcers were treated by either
      simple closures (omental patches, 81 patients; primary suture without patches, 13
      patients; or ulcer excisions with closures, two patients) or primary gastric
      resections (11 patients). The latter were performed when ulcers were too large to
      be treated by simple closures. The mortality rate after omental patches or ulcer
      excisions with closures was 12%, while that following primary gastric resections
      was 45%. Patients who underwent closures with suturing only had a mortality rate
      of 62%, which was significantly higher than the mortality rate following patch
      closures. Gastric outlet obstructions developed following 15% of simple closures
      of prepyloric ulcers. Closures of perforated gastric ulcers with omental patches
      or ulcer excisions can be undertaken with low mortality and morbidity rates.
      Primary gastric resections are reserved for patients with ulcers that are large
      or located in the prepyloric area.

PMID- 3395240
TI  - Treatment of anastomotic leakage following low anterior colon resection.
AB  - Four hundred five consecutive cases of low anterior colon resection were studied
      to determine the best treatment of anastomotic leak. The triad of fever,
      leukocytosis, and pelvic pain was present in 15 of the 16 cases with leaks. Four
      (25%) of the 16 patients died. Eleven were managed by proximal decompression and
      drainage; four died (36%). Three patients underwent takedown of the anastomosis,
      end colostomy, and distal closure or exteriorization; none died. Neither of the
      two patients who had drainage alone died. Anastomotic leakage accounted for two
      thirds of the deaths in this series. Recognition of the clinical triad of fever,
      leukocytosis, and pelvic pain could lead to earlier diagnosis and improved
      outcome. Our data suggest that a procedure that includes takedown of the
      anastomosis, end colostomy, and closure of the rectum is the most efficacious
      treatment of anastomotic leakage after low anterior colon resection.

PMID- 3395241
TI  - Duodenal closure and esophagojejunostomy experience with mechanical stapling
      devices in total gastrectomy for cancer.
AB  - Two hundred fifty patients with cancer underwent gastrectomy over a ten-year
      period. In 225 the duodenum was closed by stapler and only one disruption
      occurred (0.45%). The first 89 esophagojejunostomies were hand sewn, and
      thereafter 161 were stapled with an end-to-end anastomosis device. Overall
      mortality was 27% and 10%, respectively. Death due to surgical causes occurred in
      19% of the cases in the first group and 6.8% in the second. No statistical
      difference was observed in the esophageal anastomosis leakage rate, but the
      mortality due to such fistula was significantly higher in the group of hand-sewn
      anastomoses. Surprisingly, esophageal end invasion (at the anastomotic site) was
      14% in the manual group vs 3.9% in the stapled one. The operator's experience had
      no effect on the incidence of esophageal fistula when the stapler was used. Thus,
      staplers are safe and useful when total gastrectomy is undertaken, provided that
      sound experience has been acquired.

PMID- 3395242
TI  - Choledochal cysts. Oligoganglionosis in the narrow portion of the choledochus.
AB  - To investigate whether cystic dilation may be due to a reduction of
      postcholinergic cell bodies that leads to autonomic dysfunction, ganglion cell
      bodies were counted in five patients with choledochal cysts and five patients
      with normal choledochus. In the normal choledochus, the ganglion cell counts in
      the proximal and distal portions were 374.7 +/- 82.7/cm2 and 349.2 +/- 51.2/cm2,
      respectively. In cases of choledochal cysts, the ganglion cell counts in the
      dilated portion and narrow portions were 298.6 +/- 86.9/cm2 and 81.0 +/-
      34.8/cm2, respectively. The cell ratio (narrow to dilated) was 0.271. Significant
      reductions of cell numbers were observed in all the choledochal cysts having
      various types of pancreatobiliary junctions. These findings indicate that the
      reduction in the number of ganglion cells in the narrow portion of the
      choledochal cysts supports the concept of oligoganglionosis in distal
      choledochus.

PMID- 3395243
TI  - Should portosystemic shunt be reconsidered in the treatment of intractable
      ascites in cirrhosis?
AB  - Fifty-seven cirrhotic patients with intractable ascites had a portosystemic
      shunt. In 35 patients, a peritoneovenous shunt had previously failed. Forty-six
      patients were in Pugh's class B and 11 were in class C. There were three
      operative deaths (5.3%). Fifty-three (98.2%) of the 54 survivors were cleared of
      ascites. In one patient, ascites persisted because of postshunt heart failure
      that resulted in a marked increase of caval pressure. Twenty-seven patients (50%)
      had late encephalopathy, which was severe and disabling in 12 (22%). One- and
      three-year survival rates were 72% and 36%, respectively. These results suggest
      that although portosystemic shunts are remarkably effective in dealing with
      ascites, the high rate of postoperative encephalopathy is a strong argument
      against their routine use in the management of intractable ascites in cirrhosis.

PMID- 3395244
TI  - An accurate method for estimating an approximate lethal dose with few animals,
      tested with a Monte Carlo procedure.
AB  - A reliable but not necessarily precise indication of the toxicity of a chemical
      product is frequently needed for the determination of its class of toxicity.
      Estimations of the LD50 carried out for this purpose often have a precision which
      is higher than necessary and so is the number of laboratory animals used.
      Alternative methods estimating an approximate lethal dose (ALD) have been
      proposed, but too little is known about their accuracy and precision. The method
      of Deichmann and LeBlanc (1943) for estimating an ALD has a systematic error,
      dependent upon the magnitude of the unknown variance of the log tolerance. A new
      method was developed in which this systematic error was removed. Its performance
      was tested in a model with Monte Carlo techniques. The model is based on the log
      normal distribution of individual tolerance, i.e. the lowest dose that is lethal
      for an individual of the species under study. A hypothetical substance was
      created with a mean tolerance between 1 and 5,000 mg per kg and a standard
      deviation of log tolerance between 0.1 and 1.5 (in natural logarithms). This
      substance was then subjected to a sequential test, by repeatedly drawing a random
      element from the population of normally distributed log tolerance values and
      testing whether this element is smaller or greater than the dose administered
      according to the method's protocol. The method of Lorke (1983) was tested with a
      similar simulation model. In series of 100 simulations no systematic error was
      found. For a standard deviation of log tolerance exceeding 0.85 the new method
      was less precise than that of Lorke, but for smaller values the new method was
      more precise; it required on average less than ten animals, against 13 required
      in Lorke's method.

PMID- 3395245
TI  - Nephrotoxicity screening in rats; general approach and establishment of test
      criteria.
AB  - The concept of a nephrotoxicity screening test that is based on quantitative
      assessment of urine collected under standardized conditions for 15.5 h is
      presented. One to eight urine collections were performed in large numbers of
      untreated female Sprague-Dawley rats. Normal values for water consumption, urine
      volume, pH, and excretion of protein, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, malate
      dehydrogenase, electrolytes, glucose, amino acids, leukocytes, erythrocytes,
      epithelia, unspecified cells and cylinders were determined. Test criteria were
      established based on the statistical distribution of these measurements. In rats
      repeatedly placed in metabolism cages, a statistically significant decrease in
      leukocyte excretion and an increase in excretion of epithelia and unspecified
      cells were observed. All other variables did not change with time.

PMID- 3395246
TI  - Nephrotoxicity screening in rats: a validation study.
AB  - A validation of our non-invasive screening test for the detection of renal damage
      (Zbinden et al. 1988) is presented. The test is based on repetitive, quantitative
      urine analysis in groups of six female Sprague-Dawley rats treated on 5
      consecutive days with low doses of test substances. Higher doses were
      administered in the following weeks until nephrotoxic effects or signs of general
      toxicity were observed. Thirteen reference substances (hexachloro-1:3-butadiene
      [HCBD], cisplatin, carboplatin, suramin, chloroform, neomycin, rifampicin,
      phenacetin, phenylbutazone, methicilline, sodium oxalate, ethylene glycol and
      furosemide) were used. The percentage of rats reaching the test criteria, i.e.,
      pathologic values defined on the basis of measured control values, was
      determined. In the controls, the overall percentage of rats reaching or exceeding
      the test criteria was 4.48%, a value that is close to the expected 5%. Evidence
      of nephrotoxicity was found with all reference compounds. Elevated excretion of
      cells and occurrence of cylinders were the most sensitive indicators of renal
      damage. Hematuria was the most frequent finding. Of the other urine constituents
      measured the enzyme malate dehydrogenase (MDH) was frequently increased. Water
      consumption, urine volume, pH and specific gravity were occasionally, and
      protein, glucose, electrolytes, amino acids and gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase
      (GGT) were only rarely changed. It is concluded that the screening which is based
      on quantitative and repeated urine analysis is a useful procedure to detect
      nephrotoxic chemicals acting by a variety of mechanisms. The histopathological
      examination of the kidneys contributed useful information of the nature of the
      toxic effects, but as a screening tool it is less sensitive than quantitative
      urine analysis.

PMID- 3395247
TI  - Nephrotoxicity of butylated hydroxytoluene in phenobarbital-pretreated male rats.
AB  - A single large dose of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT, 1000 mg/kg) in male Fischer
      344 rats produced some renal damage, reduced accumulation of p-aminohippuric acid
      in renal slices, proteinuria and enzymuria, in addition to hepatic damage.
      Further, prior administration of phenobarbital (80 mg/kg, i.p., daily for 4 days)
      in the high-dose BHT-treated male rats produced renal damage accompanied by
      slight tubular necrosis. The renal damage was confirmed by biochemical and
      histological changes. These changes were dose dependent, with a maximum at 24 h
      after BHT administration, but had returned to the normal range by 48 h. Female
      rats, on the other hand, were less susceptible to BHT-induced renal and hepatic
      damage than male rats. The results indicate sex differences in BHT-induced renal
      or hepatic damage.

PMID- 3395248
TI  - Glutathione conjugation and bacterial mutagenicity of racemic and
      enantiomerically pure cis- and trans-methyl epoxycinnamates.
AB  - This paper describes the ability of racemic, and enantiomerically pure cis- and
      trans-methyl epoxycinnamates (methyl 3-phenyl-2,3-epoxy-propanoates) to undergo
      glutathione conjugation and subsequent excretion as mercapturic acid and on the
      mutagenicities of these epoxy esters in the Ames assay. In incubation mixtures
      containing rat liver cytosol (9,000 g), the decrease of glutathione due to the
      epoxy esters occurred enzymatically. The highest glutathione depletion was found
      for the cis-epoxy cinnamic esters. Adult male rats administered a single i.p.
      dose of racemic trans- and cis-epoxy cinnamates (0.7 mmol/kg, n = 4) excreted
      thioethers in urine. Higher urinary thioether excretion was found after the cis
      epoxy ester dosing. The structures of the thioether metabolites isolated from the
      urinary extracts were identified by TLC and confirmed by synthesis and mass
      spectrometry (FAB+). The thioethers appeared to be hydroxy mercapturic acids. The
      N-alkylating potential of the racemic epoxy esters was determined using 4-(p
      nitrobenzyl)pyridine (= NBP). The trans-epoxy ester appeared to react much better
      with NBP than the cis-compound. Mutagenic effects of racemic trans-epoxy
      cinnamate as well as the enantiomerically pure trans-epoxy cinnamates were
      observed in the Ames test with S. typhimurium strains TA1535, TA1537, TA1538 and
      TA100 without metabolic activation. No mutagenic responses were detected using
      any of the epoxy cinnamates with S9 activation. By comparing the mutagenicity and
      the enzymatically catalyzed glutathione conjugation it follows that the activity
      of the respective enantiomeric methyl cinnamates goes in the opposite order.
      Glutathione conjugation plays a protective role in the detoxication in living
      organism of the potentially toxic methyl epoxy cinnamates.

PMID- 3395250
TI  - Histochemical detection of the in vivo produced cellular aldehydes by means of
      direct Schiff's reaction in CCl4 intoxicated rat liver.
AB  - A histochemical technique for detection of the in vivo induced cellular aldehydes
      based on the direct Schiff's reaction is reported in this paper. CCl4-intoxicated
      rat liver was used as an experimental model. Fresh and non-pretreated rat liver
      cryostat sections fixed in 10% formol calcium solution and washed in distilled
      water were exposed to Schiff's reagent. The sections were then immersed in two
      baths of sodium bisulphite solution, then in water, dehydrated in ethanol,
      cleared in xylene and mounted in a synthetic anhydrous mounting medium. As Schiff
      positive areas presented well circumscribed foci which increased with time
      following intoxication, semi-quantitative planimetric measurements were feasible.
      The direct Schiff's reaction detects cellular aldehydes in a sensitive, rapid,
      histologically and topographically estimable way. The appearance of these
      aldehydes precedes distinctly morphological alterations detectable by other
      histochemical or histological techniques. No positive results were obtained in
      control, non-intoxicated rat livers. Inhibition of this direct Schiff's reaction
      was obtained in positive control rat liver sections preincubated in solutions of
      aldehyde blockers. Histochemical detection of aldehydes may give useful
      information on different aspects of tissue and organ intoxication such as their
      topography, appearance, evolution, extension, consequences and effects of
      treatment. The direct Schiff's reaction can be considered as a valuable tool in
      fundamental and applied research dealing with various toxicological,
      environmental, pathological, cancer-related and therapeutic problems.

PMID- 3395251
TI  - The Inhalation Hazard Test; principle and method.
AB  - The Inhalation Hazard Test (IHT) measures the hazard rather than the toxicity of
      volatile substances. Generation methods for saturated vapor atmospheres and
      exposure systems are described. The determination of the nominal concentration
      gives in most cases sufficient information on the concentration in the inhalation
      atmosphere. The temperature at which the saturation occurs and the exposure time
      are parameters which influence the test results. The determination of the LT0
      (the exposure time at which no animals die) is used to compare substances with
      different inhalation hazards. A classification system is proposed to
      differentiate the toxic hazard of volatile substances. The IHT is an appropriate
      method to characterize the acute inhalation hazard of volatile substances. It
      requires fewer animals and is less elaborate than the LC50.

PMID- 3395249
TI  - Neonatal death and lung injury in rats caused by intrauterine exposure to O,O,S
      trimethylphosphorothioate.
AB  - O,O,S-Trimethyl phosphorothioate (OOS-TMP) is an impurity present in a number of
      widely used organophosphorus insecticides and has been recognized as a potent
      lung toxicant. OOS-TMP was given p.o. to pregnant rats on gestation day (G) 20 at
      0.5, 2.5, 10 and 40 mg/kg. Control dams or pair-fed dams (pair-fed to 40 mg/kg)
      received 2 ml/kg corn oil. Neonates from treated dams died within 72 h after
      delivery in a dose-related manner: 100% at 40 mg/kg, 86% at 10 mg/kg, 15% at 2.5
      mg/kg, 1% at 0.5 mg/kg, with 3% in controls and 2% in neonates from pair-fed
      dams. Neonates from treated (40 or 10 mg/kg) and control dams were cross
      fostered. The cross-fostering did not affect mortality of neonates from either
      dosed dams or from control dams. Disposition of OOS-TMP was studied by using [3H]
      OOS-TMP at 0.5, 2.5 and 10 mg/kg. Concentrations of OOS-TMP equivalent in fetal
      lung were about one half of those in mothers at all doses. In another set of
      experiments, dams (five dams for each dose) were dosed on G 20 with OOS-TMP p.o.
      at 0, 0.5, 2.5, 10, and 40 mg/kg or pair-fed (pair-fed to 40 mg/kg) and the
      fetuses were delivered by cesarean section (C-section) on G 23. In neonates from
      dams dosed with 10 and 40 mg/kg, cyanosis occurred within 4 h after C-section.
      Histopathological examination revealed dose-related proliferation of type II
      pneumocytes in dams and proliferation of interstitial cells and delayed
      septal/capillary development in neonates.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3395252
TI  - Usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging in tuberous sclerosis.

PMID- 3395253
TI  - Cervical spinal cord injury caused by acupuncture.

PMID- 3395254
TI  - Unfavorable response to pink Tegretol tablets.

PMID- 3395255
TI  - Pontine pure motor hemiparesis due to meningovascular syphilis in human
      immunodeficiency virus-positive patients.

PMID- 3395256
TI  - Reduced activities of thiamine-dependent enzymes in the brains and peripheral
      tissues of patients with Alzheimer's disease.
AB  - A report of cell loss in the nucleus basalis of Meynert in patients with Wernicke
      Korsakoff disease prompted the examination of thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP)
      dependent enzymes in the brain and peripheral tissues of patients with
      Alzheimer's disease. In these brains, the activities of the 2-ketoglutarate
      dehydrogenase complex were reduced more than 75% and those of transketolase more
      than 45%. Decreases occurred in histologically damaged and in relatively
      undamaged areas. Small but statistically significant abnormalities of
      transketolase, but not of 2-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex, were identified
      in red blood cells and cultured fibroblasts. Previous studies have shown
      deficiencies in the brain and variable effects in peripheral tissues on another
      TPP-dependent enzyme--the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Activities of TPP
      dependent enzymes appear to be deficient in the brain and perhaps in some
      peripheral tissues in patients with Alzheimer's disease.

PMID- 3395257
TI  - Studies of transketolase abnormality in Alzheimer's disease.
AB  - The partially purified transketolase from each of eight well-nourished patients
      with Alzheimer's disease contained significantly less heat-stable component with
      a significantly longer half-life of heat inactivation than that from eight
      controls. Immunochemical studies utilizing antibodies to the purified human liver
      transketolase did not distinguish between red blood cell transketolases of
      patients with Alzheimer's disease and those of controls. However, three brains
      from patients with Alzheimer's disease that were deficient in transketolase
      activity lacked a 69-kilodalton form on immunoblots. Subtle structural
      abnormalities of transketolase appear to occur in a high proportion of patients
      with Alzheimer's disease.

PMID- 3395258
TI  - Sensitivity and specificity of the extended scale for dementia.
AB  - The Extended Scale for Dementia was introduced as a test for grading the
      intellectual function of patients with dementia. Its use in discriminating
      demented patients from nondemented control subjects has been explored. The test
      had a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 96% in patients over the age of 65
      years, but the sensitivity fell to 75% in those younger than 65 years. The scale
      may be useful, particularly for patients over the age of 65 years, in helping to
      distinguish dementia from normality.

PMID- 3395259
TI  - Treatment of chronic Parkinson's disease with controlled-release
      carbidopa/levodopa.
AB  - Controlled-release carbidopa/levodopa 50/200 (SINEMET CR) and standard
      carbidopa/levodopa (SINEMET 25/100) were compared in a double-blind, six-month,
      crossover study involving 21 patients with chronic Parkinson's disease and motor
      response fluctuations. Daily dosage frequency was significantly reduced with
      SINEMET CR compared with SINEMET 25/100, while the daily amount of levodopa
      required with SINEMET CR was significantly greater. No significant differences in
      disability ratings, motor response fluctuations, or safety were detected during
      double-blind conditions. In the open-label, dose-finding phase of the study,
      SINEMET CR was superior to standard SINEMET 25/100 in patient ratings of percent
      "on" time (good motor function), clinical assessments of motor function, and
      activities of daily living. This finding resulted from a depreciation of the
      value of the "old drug" rather than an overestimation of the value of the
      experimental drug. This double-blind study also suggested that elderly male
      patients with Parkinson's disease derived the greatest benefit from SINEMET CR.

PMID- 3395260
TI  - Pseudotumor cerebri in men.
AB  - We describe 29 men with pseudotumor cerebri (PTC) and compare them with aged
      matched women with PTC and male control subjects. Pseudotumor cerebri occurs less
      frequently in men but in a similar age distribution. Although signs and symptoms
      of PTC are similar in men and women, men may require surgical treatment for
      impending visual loss. Black men appear to be at greater risk to loss of vision.
      Even though men with PTC are less likely to be obese than women, they tend to be
      more obese than control subjects and should be counseled on weight-reduction
      diets.

PMID- 3395261
TI  - The incidence of pseudotumor cerebri. Population studies in Iowa and Louisiana.
AB  - We surveyed all neurologists, ophthalmologists, and neurosurgeons in Iowa,
      eastern Nebraska, and Louisiana over one year to determine the annual incidence
      of pseudotumor cerebri in residents of Iowa and Louisiana. The results were
      similar for both states. In Iowa, the annual incidence in the general population
      was 0.9 per 100,000 persons. When obesity was considered, this increased the
      incidence to 13/100,000 persons in Iowa and 14.85/100,000 persons in Louisiana
      for women 20 to 44 years of age who were 10% or more over ideal weight.
      Furthermore, the incidence became 19.3/100,000 for women in the same age range
      when they were 20% or more over ideal weight. The female-to-male ratio was 8:1,
      and the mean weight was 38% above ideal weight for height. Pseudotumor cerebri is
      a relatively common neurologic illness and may be an important preventable cause
      of blindness in obese young women.

PMID- 3395262
TI  - Effects of seizure type and waveform abnormality on memory and attention.
AB  - Deficits in memory, learning, and attention were examined in a sample of 57
      patients admitted for investigation of intractable seizure disorder. The patients
      were grouped according to seizure type and nature of electroencephalographic
      abnormality. Patients with complex partial seizures were impaired in comparison
      with controls. Patients with spike-and-wave abnormalities were more impaired on
      some tests, while those with slow-wave abnormalities were impaired on other
      tests. These results suggest that, contrary to previous studies, patients with
      complex partial seizures have greater deficits than other seizure types in some
      areas of cognitive function.

PMID- 3395263
TI  - Carbamazepine and phenytoin. Comparison of cognitive effects in epileptic
      patients during monotherapy and withdrawal.
AB  - We compared the cognitive effects of carbamazepine and phenytoin with
      neuropsychological tests exploring intelligence, vigilance, attention, memory,
      and visuomotor performances in 25 epileptics (13 receiving carbamazepine and 12
      receiving phenytoin) and 26 matched normal controls. Patients were seizure free
      for at least two years and taking prolonged monotherapy. We also evaluated the
      effects of drug withdrawal by retesting patients three months after reduction at
      half drug dose and three months and one year after complete withdrawal. Our
      findings suggest that phenytoin affects the cognitive functions more than
      carbamazepine does, although the negative effects of both drugs are reversible by
      complete therapy withdrawal.

PMID- 3395265
TI  - Migraine and the risks from angiography.
AB  - There is some suggestion in the literature that patients with migraine may be at
      an increased risk for developing complications as a result of cerebral
      angiography. To assess this risk, we reviewed the charts of 142 patients with
      migraine. A total of 149 angiograms were performed for acute headache (55), new
      focal symptoms (40), exertional (including coital) headaches (nine), hemiplegic
      migraine (three), ophthalmoplegic migraine (five), vertebrobasilar migraine
      (six), migraine accompaniments (three), and other causes (14). Transient events
      were seen in six patients and these were transient amnesia (one), hemisensory
      changes (two), hemiparesis (one), global confusion (one), and angina (one). One
      patient with a history of severe ischemic heart disease developed a myocardial
      infarction two hours after angiography. Focal cerebral events occurred in 2.6% of
      cases. This compares with a rate of complications of 2.8% caused by angiography
      in a prospective study of 1002 patients from our center. According to our
      findings, it appears that a history of migraine does not increase the risk of
      complications caused by angiography. Angiography during episodes of acute
      headaches would also appear to be a safe procedure. Transient focal neurologic
      symptoms, however, are not infrequent, especially in cases of classic migraine.

PMID- 3395264
TI  - Impaired visual contrast sensitivity in epileptic patients treated with
      carbamazepine.
AB  - Critical flicker fusion frequencies and visual contrast sensitivity were
      determined in 27 adult epileptic patients receiving carbamazepine monotherapy and
      in 24 healthy, drug-free control subjects. Flicker fusion thresholds were the
      same in patients and control subjects, whereas the contrast sensitivity was
      significantly reduced in the patient group at all spatial frequencies. There was
      a significant negative correlation between the plasma concentration of
      carbamazepine and the contrast sensitivity at 11.4 and 22.8 cycles per degree,
      indicating that the reduced contrast sensitivity was due to the drug therapy.

PMID- 3395266
TI  - Regional pain is usually hysterical.

PMID- 3395267
TI  - Regional pain is rarely hysterical.

PMID- 3395268
TI  - The nature of regional pain.

PMID- 3395269
TI  - Mollaret's meningitis. A variant of recurrent hereditary polyserositis, both
      provoked by metaraminol.
AB  - Mollaret's meningitis is a rare condition with a characteristic clinical and
      cerebrospinal fluid picture. In many ways it resembles recurrent hereditary
      polyserositis (familial Mediterranean fever) in its natural history, pattern of
      attacks, and response to colchicine. Association of the two conditions has been
      reported, so far, in two patients only. In our patient the symptoms of both
      conditions were induced by a metaraminol provocative infusion. We have previously
      introduced this as a specific diagnostic and confirmatory test for recurrent
      hereditary polyserositis. The possibility that the two conditions represent
      different manifestations of a single disease is therefore strengthened.

PMID- 3395270
TI  - Lipid composition of aorta of Watanabe heritable hyperlipemic and comparably
      hypercholesterolemic fat-fed rabbits. Plasma lipid composition determines aortic
      lipid composition of hypercholesterolemic rabbits.
AB  - Aortic and plasma lipid compositions were compared during a 12-month period in
      Watanabe heritable hyperlipemic (WHHL), comparably hypercholesterolemic fat-fed,
      and age-matched control normolipidemic rabbits to determine whether exposure to
      equivalent degrees of endogenous or exogenous hypercholesterolemia led to
      differences in the composition and concentration of lipids deposited in the
      artery wall. Although there were marked differences in the distribution of
      cholesterol among the lipoproteins in the WHHL versus the fat-fed rabbits, the
      contents of both free and esterified cholesterol were elevated to an equivalent
      degree in the aorta and plasma. In contrast, the triglyceride content of both the
      plasma and aorta were elevated only in the WHHL rabbits. However, aortic total
      phospholipids were increased in both the WHHL and fat-fed animals as compared to
      control rabbits. In the control rabbits, there was an age-dependent enrichment in
      aortic relative to plasma cholesteryl-oleate consistent with low density
      lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-directed intracellular cholesteryl ester processing.
      In contrast, enrichment in cholesteryl-oleate in aortae relative to plasma was
      not detected in either WHHL or fat-fed groups, suggesting that the plasma
      cholesteryl ester composition was the primary determinant of the aortic
      cholesterol composition. Thus, during chronic hypercholesterolemia, deposition of
      lipids in the artery wall appears to be determined by plasma lipoprotein levels
      and composition if the LDL receptor is either absent on a genetic basis or
      suppressed due to a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet.

PMID- 3395271
TI  - Enhanced macrophage uptake of low density lipoprotein after self-aggregation.
AB  - Incubation of mouse peritoneal macrophages with native human low density
      lipoprotein (LDL) did not cause any significant storage of intracellular
      cholesteryl esters. However, when the LDL was subjected to brief (30-second)
      vortexing, it formed self-aggregates that were rapidly ingested and degraded by
      macrophages, converting them to cholesteryl ester-rich foam cells. Such
      aggregates were as potent as acetyl-LDL in stimulating cholesterol esterification
      in the macrophages. The degradation of LDL aggregates was strongly inhibited by
      cytochalasin B (85%), whereas degradation of native LDL was only weekly inhibited
      (23%), suggesting that uptake occurred by phagocytosis rather than pinocytosis.
      Several lines of evidence suggest that the phagocytic uptake depends, in part,
      upon the LDL receptor and not the acetyl-LDL receptor: 1) soluble, native LDL and
      beta-VLDL (but not acetyl-LDL) competed for uptake and degradation of LDL
      aggregates; 2) reductive methylation of LDL before vortexing reduced the effect
      of the aggregates on degradation and cholesterol esterification; 3) heparin,
      which inhibits binding of native LDL to its receptor, reduced the degradation of
      LDL aggregates. These studies show that self-aggregation of LDL markedly enhances
      its uptake by macrophages, probably by phagocytosis and at least, in part, via
      the LDL receptor. Aggregates of LDL in the artery wall--either self-aggregates or
      mixed aggregates including matrix components--may induce foam cell formation and
      favor the formation of the fatty streak.

PMID- 3395272
TI  - Identification of Apo B-100 segments mediating the interaction of low density
      lipoproteins with arterial proteoglycans.
AB  - The interactions of low density lipoprotein (LDL) and apolipoprotein (apo) B-100
      segments with chondroitin-6-SO4 rich aortic proteoglycans aggregate (CSPG) were
      studied by using quantitative frontal elution affinity chromatography. The
      affinity of the agarose-CSPG was higher for LDL than for very low density
      lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein was not bound. LDL from different
      individuals had dissociation coefficients (Kd) from 28 to 179 nM. Experiments
      with tryptic hydrolysates of apo B suggested that the capacity of LDL to bind
      with CSPG resides in the protein. Nine apo B-100 hydrophilic peptides, 12 to 26
      amino acids long, were selected, and three were found to interact with the
      agarose-bound CSPG: apo B P-1 (LRKHKLIDVISMYRELLKDLSKEA, residues 4230 to 4254),
      apo B P-2 (RLTRKRGLKLATALSLSNK, residues 3359 to 3377), and apo B P-11
      (RQVSHAKEKLTALTKK, residues 2106 to 2121). These peptides competed with LDL for
      binding to the agarose-bound and soluble CSPG; apo B P-2 was the most effective.
      This correlates with Kd values: 63, 86, and 82 microM for apo B P-2, P-1, and P
      11, respectively. The peptides shared an excess of positive-charged side chains.
      Apo B P-2 belongs to the lys- and arg-rich, LDL-receptor domain. Apo E also binds
      to the agarose-proteoglycan. The results suggest that apo B regions with
      sequences and charge distributions analogous to those of residues 3359 to 3377,
      4230 to 4254, and 2106 and 2121 are among those responsible for the interaction
      of LDL with intima-media CSPG.

PMID- 3395273
TI  - Coronary arteriosclerosis in Atlantic salmon. No regression of lesions after
      spawning.
AB  - The incidence and severity of coronary arteriosclerosis were studied in 209 wild
      and cultured Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) during various stages of recovery
      of bodily condition after spawning. All recently spawned fish had lesions of
      moderate to extreme severity. The incidence of lesions for each fish was high
      (73% to 94% of all arterial cross-sections examined). The incidence and severity
      of lesions did not decrease during 5 months in a group of wild salmon
      reconditioned in the laboratory. Wild salmon that were examined in the spring
      angling fishery in the Miramichi River, New Brunswick, about 5 months after
      spawning had a high incidence (89%) of severe lesions, not significantly
      different from recently spawned salmon from the same and another river. A
      population of cultured salmon sampled at intervals from a sea cage during 9
      months after spawning showed no evidence of lesion regression, but rather a
      continued increase in both incidence and severity during recovery of bodily
      condition and growth. Thus, in contrast with previous studies with steelhead
      trout and Atlantic salmon where the possibility of lesion regression has been
      suggested, our observations on a large number of Atlantic salmon from various
      sources gave no evidence of lesion regression. Coronary arteriosclerosis in Salmo
      salar appears to be a progressive condition, which continues during recovery of
      bodily condition and growth after spawning.

PMID- 3395274
TI  - Blood rheology in healthy cigarette smokers. Results from the MONICA project,
      Augsburg.
AB  - To investigate the relationship between cardiovascular risk factors and the
      fluidity of blood, a random sample of the population consisting of 4022 persons
      ages 25 to 64 years was investigated for plasma viscosity, hemoglobin, and total
      serum protein. A total of 567 healthy nonsmokers and 287 healthy smokers were
      identified and compared. Plasma viscosity was found to be elevated in male
      smokers; this was related to both the degree and the duration of cigarette abuse.
      Plasma viscosity proved to be age-dependent in smokers, but did not change with
      age in nonsmokers. Total serum protein decreased with age in nonsmokers, while it
      did not change in smokers. Hemoglobin increased only in female smokers. These
      findings suggest that blood fluidity is jeopardized in smokers. In men the
      hemorheological deficit is mostly due to a rise of plasma viscosity, which, in
      turn, may be caused by an elevation of plasma fibrinogen levels. In women it is
      predominantly due to an increase in hemoglobin. These alterations in
      hemorheological variables may be a marker for increased cardiovascular risk in
      smokers and could reduce blood flow and hinder microcirculatory function.

PMID- 3395277
TI  - Inhibition of atherosclerosis associated with reduction of arterial intramural
      stress in rabbits.
AB  - Atherosclerotic lesions commonly develop at arterial branch sites, which are also
      the sites of high arterial intramural stress produced by intraluminal pressure.
      We investigated the effect of reduced intramural stress on the development of
      atherosclerotic lesions. We exposed the origin of the left renal artery in five
      rabbits and the aortic bifurcation in another five, lowered the mean arterial
      pressure to 35 to 45 mm Hg, and poured a dental acrylic liquid around the branch
      to form a rigid cast. When the rabbits recovered and the arterial pressure
      increased to normal, the casts prevented the arteries from expanding, thereby
      maintaining a low intramural stress. These rabbits plus two unoperated, two sham
      operated, two with silicone rubber casts placed at similar pressures, and four
      with casts placed at 95 mm Hg pressure were given a 2% cholesterol-enriched diet
      for 7 to 11 weeks, and then their arteries were examined. In all rabbits,
      atherosclerotic lesions developed at the origins of the intercostal, celiac,
      superior mesenteric, and both renal arteries, and at the aortic bifurcation, with
      these notable exceptions: no lesions developed at the origins of casted renal
      arteries or at the casted aortic bifurcations when the cast was placed at a low
      pressure. Measurements of the diameter and thickness of the aorta in the left
      renal branch and aortic bifurcation areas, with and without the casts, indicated
      that there was no significant narrowing of the aortic lumen or thinning of the
      aorta due to the cast. In conclusion, the inhibition of the development of
      atherosclerotic lesions appears to be associated with the reduction of arterial
      intramural stress.

PMID- 3395275
TI  - Individual variation in susceptibility to extracranial carotid atherosclerosis.
AB  - Risk factors for coronary disease were assessed and noninvasive methods were used
      to quantitate the extent of extracranial carotid atherosclerosis in 382 patients
      free of cerebrovascular symptoms. The ages of the participants ranged from 27 to
      80 years. There were 183 men and 199 women, 30 black and 352 white persons. All
      patients had heart disease symptoms and were hospitalized for coronary
      angiography. Correlation of risk factors with extent of extracranial carotid
      atherosclerosis in this series of patients undergoing coronary angiography
      uncovered individual variability in relationships between risk factors and
      carotid atherosclerosis that depended on coronary status. Risk factors for
      carotid atherosclerosis in patients with and without coronary disease differed.
      Age and hypertension were independently related to carotid atherosclerosis in
      patients with, as well as those without, coronary disease. However, other risk
      factors were related to carotid atherosclerosis in only one group or the other.
      Risk factors correlated strongly with carotid atherosclerosis in patients with
      coronary disease (r2 = 0.41) but poorly in those with no coronary disease (r2 =
      0.21). Certain risk factors (age, pack years of smoking, left ventricular
      hypertrophy) related differently to the extent of carotid atherosclerosis in
      patients with, than in those without, coronary disease. Clarification of the role
      of coronary status in the carotid atherosclerosis response to risk factors may
      partly explain the results of certain population-based studies that have related
      race, gender, and other risk factors to carotid atherosclerosis.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3395276
TI  - Heredity and changes in plasma lipids and lipoproteins after short-term exercise
      training in men.
AB  - The aims of this controlled experiment were to investigate the effects of short
      term aerobic exercise training on plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentrations and
      the role of heredity in determining the individual variation observed in the
      lipoprotein-lipid response. Six pairs of male monozygotic (MZ) twins were
      subjected to an exercise training program that induced a 22,000 kcal energy
      deficit after 22 consecutive days of training. This program significantly reduced
      body weight, percent body fat, and subcutaneous fat and significantly increased
      maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) (p less than 0.005). The plasma insulin
      response to an oral glucose challenge was markedly reduced after training (p less
      than 0.001). Plasma triglyceride concentration decreased and the high density
      lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-CHOL)/CHOL ratio increased with training (p less
      than 0.05). Subjects also displayed substantial individual variation in their
      response to exercise training, but the changes in plasma CHOL, apolipoprotein
      (apo) B low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-CHOL), HDL-CHOL, and the HDL
      CHOL/CHOL ratio tended to be similar within MZ twin pairs (0.67 less than or
      equal to ri less than or equal to 0.92; 0.05 greater than p less than 0.0001)
      thus indicating a significant effect of heredity on the sensitivity of plasma
      lipids and lipoproteins to exercise training.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3395279
TI  - The crisis practitioner.

PMID- 3395278
TI  - Reduced atherogenesis in cholesterol-fed diabetic rabbits. Giant lipoproteins do
      not enter the arterial wall.
AB  - In cholesterol-fed rabbits, alloxan-diabetes has an anti-atherogenic effect,
      which is associated with severe elevation of plasma triglyceride concentrations.
      To study this effect, we measured lipoprotein sizes and aortic permeability
      coefficients for cholesteryl ester and for albumin in hypertriglyceridemic
      diabetic cholesterol-fed rabbits and in normotriglyceridemic cholesterol-fed
      rabbits. With the same high cholesterol concentration in plasma,
      hypertriglyceridemic diabetic rabbits had 70% of plasma cholesterol in very large
      lipoproteins (diameter greater than 75 nm), whereas normotriglyceridemic rabbits
      had only about 10% of plasma cholesterol in these giant lipoproteins. The aortic
      permeability coefficients for cholesteryl ester in hypertriglyceridemic diabetic
      cholesterol-fed rabbits was only 10% to 50% of that in normotriglyceridemic
      cholesterol-fed rabbits. Aortic permeability coefficients for albumin did not
      differ significantly between the hypertriglyceridemic and normotriglyceridemic
      rabbits. The results suggest that the large size of a major fraction of plasma
      lipoproteins in the hypertriglyceridemic diabetic cholesterol-fed rabbits is
      responsible for the relatively low aortic permeability coefficient for
      cholesteryl ester from plasma and hence for reduced atherogenesis in these
      animals.

PMID- 3395281
TI  - Indemnity insurance.

PMID- 3395282
TI  - Clarifying a philosophy.

PMID- 3395280
TI  - In sickness and in health.

PMID- 3395283
TI  - Ear syringing.

PMID- 3395284
TI  - General practice in the restructured AMA.

PMID- 3395286
TI  - Anti smoking campaign.

PMID- 3395285
TI  - Tuberculosis warning.

PMID- 3395287
TI  - Child sexual abuse.

PMID- 3395289
TI  - Infertility: a personal experience.

PMID- 3395288
TI  - Nuclear war anxiety.

PMID- 3395290
TI  - Coping with bereavement.

PMID- 3395291
TI  - Psychological consequences of armed hold up.

PMID- 3395292
TI  - The stress of change. The Greek migrant experience.

PMID- 3395293
TI  - Circumcision.

PMID- 3395294
TI  - The management of spontaneous pneumothorax by simple aspiration.

PMID- 3395295
TI  - Marketing in medical practice. The needs of patients.

PMID- 3395296
TI  - Abdominal pain.

PMID- 3395297
TI  - Trainee perceptions of the Family Medicine Programme. A report of a survey.

PMID- 3395298
TI  - An unkindness of cancers.

PMID- 3395299
TI  - Articular manifestations of acromegaly.
AB  - Forty-five patients with acromegaly or gigantism were reviewed for
      musculoskeletal abnormalities. Abnormalities of peripheral joints occurred in 74%
      of the patients and spinal involvement in 47%, leading to significant morbidity.
      Joint abnormalities most frequently affected the large joints (hips, knees and
      shoulders) but the wrist and hand were also involved. The radiological features
      of acromegalic arthropathy are described, including vertical widening of the hip
      joint, enthesopathy and osteophytosis. A favourable response to treatment is
      associated with a less severe arthropathy and a good functional outcome.

PMID- 3395300
TI  - Doppler echocardiographic determination of aortic valve area using the continuity
      equation.
AB  - The noninvasive measurement of aortic valve area by use of the continuity
      equation has been proposed as an accurate method for determining the severity of
      aortic stenosis. In 32 patients (mean age 64 +/- 14 years) with proven aortic
      stenosis and without significant regurgitation, aortic valve areas derived by the
      Gorlin equation from cardiac catheterisation data were compared with valve areas
      calculated from the continuity equation using Doppler echocardiography. There was
      a close correlation between Doppler and catheter derived aortic valve areas (r =
      0.87, SEE = 0.17 cm2). The interobserver error for aortic valve area measurement
      in 20 patients was 9.0 +/- 6.8%. The specificity of this method for critical
      aortic stenosis (aortic valve area less than 0.75 cm2) was 73% and the
      sensitivity 88%. We conclude that in an adult, predominantly elderly population
      with calcific aortic stenosis, this Doppler echocardiographic method is
      reproducible and can be used accurately to derive aortic valve area.

PMID- 3395301
TI  - A clinical model for predicting survival following acute myocardial infarction in
      patients without cardiogenic shock: a multivariate (Cox) analysis.
AB  - A multivariate predictive model for early (six-month) survival based on Cox's
      proportional-hazards regression model was developed using data collected
      prospectively from 317 consecutive patients admitted with acute myocardial
      infarction to a coronary care unit (CCU). Of these, 63 (19.8%) died within the
      follow-up period. Patients with cardiogenic shock were excluded from the study.
      Variables associated with survival were sought from clinical, historical,
      electrocardiographic and radiographic variables recorded at the time of
      admission. On multivariate analysis, a stepwise selection procedure identified
      four variables which described the probability of survival for the six-month
      follow-up. These were: age, upper lung crepitations, marginal and also definite
      radiographic cardiomegaly on an anteroposterior radiograph. With this combination
      of clinical variables alone, using a survival probability partition value of 80%,
      the model had a sensitivity of 67% and a specificity of 75%. However, the model's
      predictive accuracy for death was 40%, compared to a predictive accuracy for
      survival of 90%. This clinical model is most useful for early discrimination of
      those patients at low risk of death within six months of CCU admission. Other
      predictive tests for premature death would need to exceed these discriminatory
      criteria to justify their cost and risks.

PMID- 3395302
TI  - Mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes
      (MELAS): adolescent onset with severe cerebral edema.
AB  - A 19-year-old woman with long-standing sensorineural deafness, bilateral
      cataracts and mild clumsiness, presented with acute focal edema in the left
      temperoparieto-occipital area which required surgical decompression as a life
      saving measure. Investigation revealed a persistent lactic acidemia and evidence
      of many ragged red fibres in a skeletal muscle biopsy specimen, suggesting a
      diagnosis of mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke
      like episodes (MELAS) syndrome. The patient developed two further stroke-like
      episodes over a short period. One sibling died at the age of 14 years with a
      progressive neurological illness characterised by seizures, bilateral optic
      atrophy, ataxia, myoclonus and progressive dementia. The diagnosis of MELAS
      syndrome should be considered in young people presenting with stroke-like
      episodes that fail to conform to a given vascular territory, particularly if they
      have long-standing minor neurological abnormalities or a family history of
      obscure early onset neurological disease. The different clinical pictures in the
      two affected siblings in this family suggest that MELAS syndrome is part of a
      spectrum of inherited mitochondrial cytopathies rather than a discrete disease
      entity.

PMID- 3395303
TI  - The Sydney AIDS Project: development of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in a
      group of HIV seropositive homosexual men.
AB  - The Sydney AIDS Project is a prospective immunoepidemiological study of 996
      homosexual/bisexual men enrolled between February 1984 and January 1985. By
      January 1987, 32 of 386 homosexual men who were seropositive at enrollment in the
      study had developed AIDS, yielding a crude progression rate of between 2.8% and
      4.2% per annum. Of these subjects, 23 (72%) developed AIDS within 12 months of
      enrollment. In univariate analysis, the only lifestyle differences between
      seropositive subjects who progressed to AIDS and those that did not progress were
      less frequent oral sex activity and more use of marijuana in the three months
      prior to enrollment. In multivariate analysis, seropositive subjects who
      progressed to AIDS were more likely to have a lower percentage of CD4+ cells, a
      higher percentage of CD8+ cells and to have used marijuana in the three months
      prior to enrollment than the seropositive subjects who did not progress. No HIV
      seropositive subject who was asymptomatic and had normal T-cell subsets at
      enrollment had developed AIDS by January 1987. Persistent generalised
      lymphadenopathy was not associated with progression to AIDS. Although there are a
      number of lifestyle factors that may be associated with HIV infection, this study
      did not implicate most of these in the progression of HIV seropositive subjects
      to end-stage AIDS. We conclude that antecedent changes in T-cell subsets are
      associated with progression to AIDS and we emphasise the prognostic value of
      enumeration of T-cell subsets in HIV seropositive persons.

PMID- 3395304
TI  - Vietnamese child health in a Hong Kong closed camp.
AB  - Vietnamese refugees arriving in Hong Kong since 1982 have been confined to
      restricted areas. In this study, 241 children in one of these areas were screened
      to identify their health status. Using NCHS standards, 48% were found to be below
      the fifth percentile for both weight-for-age and height-for-age. Anaemia was
      found in 8% and hepatitis B antigenaemia in 25%. Intestinal parasites were
      identified in 62% of faecal specimens and 26% of these contained more than one
      parasite. Although all children had received BCG, 41% had a negative PPD skin
      test. Chronic bacterial skin infections, lice and otitis media with perforation
      were identified as other common problems. Screening of this population revealed a
      high prevalence of health problems, some of which would respond to appropriate
      public health measures.

PMID- 3395305
TI  - The selenium status of children with phenylketonuria: results of selenium
      supplementation.
AB  - The selenium status of children with phenylketonuria on a synthetic low
      phenylalanine diet was assessed. Correlation between blood selenium and red cell
      glutathione peroxidase was unsatisfactory (r = 0.65) due to the poor
      discrimination of red cell glutathione peroxidase with a low selenium diet. No
      symptoms of deficiency were observed. Supplementation with 50 micrograms per week
      of selenium as brewers yeast tablets over a period of 6 months significantly
      increased the blood selenium of the phenylketonuric children. Plasma Vitamin E
      levels were within normal limits. The supplementation effectively doubled their
      selenium intake to 15-17 micrograms per day, which is probably sufficient for
      this group with an adequate Vitamin E status, though considerably lower than the
      recommended minimum intake of 50 micrograms per day.

PMID- 3395306
TI  - Factors affecting the selection of doctor of first contact in the western region
      of Melbourne: an interview study of parents of sick children.
AB  - An interview study investigating attitudinal and other factors influencing the
      selection of primary medical care (PMC) is described. It focuses on parents of
      sick children, excluding those with trauma or medical/surgical emergencies, and
      was conducted in part of the Western Region (WR) of Melbourne in late 1983, the
      period immediately prior to the introduction of Medicare. It is based on a cross
      sectional survey of in-hours attenders of eight general practices (GP), the
      Western Region Community Health Centre (WRCHC), the general clinic of the
      casualty departments at the Western General Hospital (WGH), and the Royal
      Children's Hospital (RCH), a teaching hospital outside the region. The most
      commonly stated reasons for attendance at services generally were 'closeness to
      home/work', 'recommendation' and 'good service'. 'Cheap/economic reasons' were
      given less frequently overall than the above reasons. There were however some
      differences in reasons given by attenders at different places of care.
      'Cheap/economic reasons' was offered significantly more often and
      'recommendation' significantly less often by WGH attenders compared with other
      attenders. 'Specialists available' and 'dissatisfaction with other doctors' was
      offered significantly more frequently and 'close to home' and 'no other doctor'
      significantly less frequently by RCH attenders than other attenders. Health
      insurance status did not differ significantly at the different places of care.
      Attenders of the RCH were significantly more knowledgeable about community health
      centres than GP or WGH attenders. Non-GP attenders had more often used other than
      their current place of care for treatment in the recent past than GP attenders
      had.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3395307
TI  - Synthetic food colourings and 'hyperactivity': a double-blind crossover study.
AB  - Of 220 children referred for suspected 'hyperactivity', 55 were subjected to a 6
      week trial of the Feingold diet. Forty (72.7%) demonstrated improved behaviour
      and 26 (47.3%) remained improved following liberalization of the diet over a
      period of 3-6 months. The parents of 14 children claimed that a particular
      cluster of behaviours was associated with the ingestion of foods containing
      synthetic colourings. A double-blind crossover study, employing a single-subject
      repeated measures design was conducted, using eight of these children. Subjects
      were maintained on a diet free from synthetic additives and were challenged daily
      for 18 weeks with either placebo (during lead-in and washout periods) or 50 mg of
      either tartrazine or carmoisine, each for 2 separate weeks. Two significant
      reactors were identified whose behavioural pattern featured extreme irritability,
      restlessness and sleep disturbance. One of the reactors did not have inattention
      as a feature. The findings raise the issue of whether the strict criteria for
      inclusion in studies concerned with 'hyperactivity' based on 'attention deficit
      disorder' may miss children who indicate behavioural changes associated with the
      ingestion of food colourings. Moreover, for further studies, the need to
      construct a behavioural rating instrument specifically validated for dye
      challenge is suggested.

PMID- 3395308
TI  - Urinary sodium excretion in young infants: role of gestational and postnatal
      ages.
AB  - Fractional urinary sodium excretion (FENa) and urinary sodium excretion (UNaE)
      were determined 88 times in 42 healthy, appropriate weight-for-gestational age
      infants. Gestational ages (GA) were 28-41 weeks; birthweights were 930-4135 g.
      Nineteen preterm infants were studied serially a total of 59 times between 1 and
      55 days after birth. During the first 4 days after birth, multiple hierarchical
      regression analyses showed that FENa and UNaE were inversely related to GA (P
      less than 0.001). Postnatal age (PN) was not significantly related to FENa or
      UNaE. However the effect of GA on FENa and UNaE was not significantly greater
      than the effect due to postnatal age (PA) (P = 0.31 and P = 0.80, respectively).
      UNaE (1.6 +/- 0.2 mmol/kg per day) was significantly greater than sodium intake
      (1.1 +/- 0.2 mmol/kg per day) at 2.6 +/- 0.2 days (P less than 0.05).
      Longitudinal studies extending beyond 4 days indicated that GA and PA had
      interactive effects on FENa and UNaE; hence the contribution for a given GA was
      dependent on PA (and vice versa). Sodium intake remained stable (average 1.8
      mmol/kg per day) beyond 7 days after birth and was consistently greater than UNAE
      (P less than 0.01). It is suggested that in healthy preterm infants beyond 2
      weeks PA, a sodium intake of 2-3 mol/kg per day may be adequate to meet the renal
      sodium losses.

PMID- 3395309
TI  - Insulin-dependent diabetes following neonatal diabetes.

PMID- 3395310
TI  - Can the outcome of intussusception be improved?

PMID- 3395311
TI  - Collateral perfusion of ischemic myocardium is inversely related to the size of
      the ischemic zone.
AB  - The relationship between the collateral perfusion of ischemic myocardium and the
      size of the ischemic zone was examined in open-chest anesthetized dogs. Proximal
      and distal segments of the left anterior descending coronary artery were
      cannulated and perfused extracorporally from the carotid artery. By occluding one
      or both of these perfusion lines, three different sized ischemic zones were made
      in each heart. Collateral perfusion to each ischemic zone was measured by the
      133Xe washout method. Blood flow density (flow per unit volume tissue) to the
      ischemic zone was lowest when both coronary segments were occluded, as opposed to
      occluding either single segment in each heart (0.17 +/- 0.03 vs. 0.28 +/- 0.005
      ml/min/cm3, p less than 0.01 by the paired t-test). A significant correlation
      could not be demonstrated between the ischemic zone size and the collateral flow
      when the data from all dogs were pooled (r = 0.19, p greater than 0.05). These
      findings demonstrate that collateral perfusion of ischemic myocardium is
      inversely related to ischemic zone size in any given heart, but ischemic zone
      size is actually a minor determinant of collateral flow when compared to the
      large individual variability of coronary collateralization present in the dog
      population.

PMID- 3395312
TI  - Hyperkalemia and the electrocardiogram in dogs.
AB  - Rapid i.v. injection of 2 ml KCl solution with 0.1 mmol/kg abruptly doubles the
      basal concentration of coronary artery serum K and produces no ECG change; 2 ml
      with 0.3 mmol KCl/kg quadruples it and provokes fibrillation of the ventricular
      myocardium in 18 s, there is no visible effect on atrial activity. Continuous
      infusion of 2 mEq KCl/kg body weight gradually doubles basal serum K
      concentration and produces ECG changes that herald the imminent onset of
      ventricular fibrillation. Ventricular myocardium and, especially, the sinus node
      are more tolerant of transient than of prolonged hyperkalemia.

PMID- 3395313
TI  - Differential effects of superoxide dismutase on high energy phosphates, creatine
      kinase release, and arrhythmias during post-ischaemic reperfusion in isolated rat
      hearts.
AB  - In isolated rat hearts, 25 min of global ischaemia led to significant decreases
      in the ATP, creatine phosphate (CP), and glycogen contents and increased glucose
      6-phosphate (G-6-P) and lactate in the myocardium. During a subsequent
      reperfusion for 15 min only the CP level, but not ATP and glycogen were restored.
      G-6-P and lactate were reduced, but remained still elevated in comparison with
      non-ischaemic hearts. The post-ischaemic coronary flow volume and creatine kinase
      (CK) release increased significantly compared with preischaemic values.
      Arrhythmias such as extrasystoles, ventricular tachycardia, flutter and
      fibrillation, occurred, especially during the first few minutes of reperfusion.
      Application of the oxygen radical scavenger, superoxide dismutase (SOD), enhanced
      the myocardial creatine phosphate content during reperfusion. In fibrillating
      hearts, SOD also increased the ATP content in comparison with non-treated hearts.
      Superoxide dismutase was effective only during reperfusion and not during the
      preceding ischaemia. Neither the CK release nor reperfusion arrhythmias were
      decreased by the radical scavenger. The results suggest that the superoxide
      radical is involved in the reduction of high energy phosphates during post
      ischaemic reperfusion and that this effect can be antagonised by the superoxide
      anion scavenger superoxide dismutase.

PMID- 3395314
TI  - Fluoro-fatty acids and the impairment of cardiac function in the rat in vivo and
      in vitro.
AB  - Dichapetalum toxicarium seeds contain long chain fluoro-fatty acids, particularly
      fluoro-oleic acid, which in doses as low as 10 mg/kg can cause death. We have
      used the rat heart both in vivo and in vitro to assess the cardiovascular effects
      of various doses of the fluoro-oleic acid extract of the seeds of Dichapetalum
      toxicarium. Intraperitoneal administration of 0.25 ml of seed extract solution/kg
      body weight (estimated to be equivalent to 10 mg fluoro-oleic acid/kg body
      weight) or 0.5 ml/kg body weight (equivalent to 20 mg fluoro-oleic acid/kg body
      weight) resulted in death in all animals (n = 6 in each group). The mean time
      from administration to death was 36.4 +/- 4 h and 21.0 +/- 2 h, respectively.
      Death was attributable to severe bradycardia which developed progressively
      throughout the experiment. Thus, during the first 6 h, heart rate fell by 32.2%
      from 450 +/- 7 beats/min to 305 +/- 36 beats/min (p less than 0.01) in the 0.25
      ml/kg group and by 66 +/- 10% to 150 +/- 20 beats/min (p less than 0.001) in the
      0.5 ml/kg group. Administration of the extract solution alone or oleic acid alone
      (equivalent to 0.5 ml/kg seed extract) to control rats had no effect.
      Investigating the effects of the seed extract in vitro, hearts (n = 6 in each
      group) were perfused with buffer containing 0.5 ml/l seed extract (equivalent to
      20 mg fluoro-oleic acid/l) or with buffer containing extract solution
      alone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3395315
TI  - Effect of tetrodotoxin, lidocaine, and quinidine on the transient inward current
      of sheep Purkinje fibres.
AB  - The effect of tetrodotoxin (TTX), lidocaine, and quinidine on the transient
      inward current (TI) was studied in voltage-clamped sheep cardiac Purkinje fibres.
      The TI was induced by elevation of extracellular Ca or addition of
      strophanthidin. Reduction of external Na had a biphasic effect on the steady
      state TI magnitude; a moderate (less than 50%) reduction of external Na had an
      enhancing effect on the TI; a further decrease of extracellular Na was
      accompanied by a decline of TI amplitude. The TI could not be induced in Na-free
      medium (external Ca less than or equal to 9.0 mM). TTX, lidocaine, and quinidine
      reduced the magnitude of the TI in a dose-dependent way. The blocking effect of
      these agents could be compensated for by a moderate (less than 50%) reduction of
      external Na or an elevation of extracellular Ca. It is suggested that the
      blocking effect of TTX, lidocaine, and quinidine on the TI is due to a reduction
      of intracellular Na, which causes a decay of intracellular Ca via the Na-Ca
      exchange mechanism.

PMID- 3395317
TI  - Modulation of cardiac impulse generation and conduction by nifedipine and
      verapamil analyzed by a refined surface ECG technique in Langendorff perfused
      guinea pig hearts.
AB  - Using a modified Langendorff system, a special ECG recording technique and
      appropriate placement of two silver wire electrodes, early atrial and His bundle
      activity can be detected continuously from the surface of intact and
      spontaneously beating guinea pig hearts. This new method was applied to measure
      the direct and inhibitory effects of nifedipine and verapamil on impulse
      generation and conduction in isolated and perfused guinea pig hearts. Depression
      of sinoatrial conduction was the most prominent effect of nifedipine. In all
      concentrations applied (10(-7) M, 10(-6) M, 10(-5) M) nifedipine predominantly
      led to sinoatrial blocks of different degrees. Heart rate decreased slightly in a
      dose-dependent manner. PQ and HV duration remained essentially constant. In the
      highest concentration of nifedipine (10-5) M), sinus node activity was so
      depressed that AV dissociation or ventricular rhythm developed. Only in one out
      of eight experiments with cumulative increase of nifedipine concentrations to 10(
      5) M was the AV node affected by nifedipine and a second-degree AV block
      developed (10(-6) M). Verapamil's inhibitory effects on the rate of impulse
      initiation in the sinus node were more pronounced than those of nifedipine, but
      the inhibition of sinoatrial conduction by verapamil was less marked. At 10(-6) M
      verapamil, the incidence of sinoatrial blocks and of ventricular rhythm was
      similar to the incidence of first degree AV blocks. PQ time (+14%) but also HV
      time (+12%) were prolonged under the influence of this concentration of
      verapamil. At the highest concentration of verapamil (10(-5) M) applied for 10
      min, ventricular rhythm developed in five out of eight experiments, as well as
      one second and two third-degree AV blocks. The results confirm that the
      simultaneous measurements of sinus node activity of sinoatrial and
      atrioventricular conduction and of HV duration is feasible with this ECG
      technique, to evaluate the inhibitory effects of Ca-antagonists on sinus and AV
      node activity in the intact heart.

PMID- 3395316
TI  - Evidence for the presence of electrotonic depression of pacemakers in the rabbit
      atrioventricular node. The effects of uncoupling from the surrounding myocardium.
AB  - In the isolated AV junctional preparation of the rabbit heart, the presence of
      electrotonic influences on impulse formation was investigated. After
      disconnection of the sinus node, impulse formation started in the junctional area
      with a mean frequency of 72 beats/min (n = 17), which is about 40% of the sinus
      rate. Intracellular recordings were obtained to determine pacemaker location and
      activation sequence in the junctional area. The pacemaker was always located in
      the area of the lower nodal fibers of the AV node (thus distally from the site of
      maximal conduction delay) and these fibers had the highest rate of diastolic
      depolarization. Since it is known that pacemaker fibers are electronically
      influenced by their neighbouring cells, we investigated whether AV nodal
      automaticity was influenced by its surrounding tissue. Therefore the AV node was
      isolated from the atrial tissue and His bundle. This caused an enormous increase
      in diastolic depolarization rate, especially in the lower nodal fibers,
      accompanied by a rhythm acceleration to a mean of 137 beats/min. From the
      findings of the present study it was concluded that under normal conditions
      impulse formation in the lower nodal fibers of the rabbit AV node is
      electronically depressed by the connecting myocardium.

PMID- 3395319
TI  - Plant proteins in milk replacers for rearing buffalo calves. I. Effect of
      replacing half of the milk proteins by plant proteins on the preweaning
      performance of buffalo calves.
AB  - In an experiment, 12 female and 8 male buffalo calves aged 3 to 4 weeks with an
      average of 65.2 kg live body weight were divided into 4 equal groups. Group 1
      received dried skim milk plus non-milk fat. In groups 2, 3, and 4, 50% of the
      milk protein were replaced by American soybean flour, Egyptian soya meal, or corn
      glutine. Scouring occurred in all groups during the first three weeks. Death
      losses occurred in group 2 (2 calves) and 4 (1 calf). During the first three
      experimental weeks the calves consumed on average 828, 868, 847, 696 g dry matter
      (DM) as liquids. The average daily gain (ADG) was 229, 215, 252, 48 g/d,
      respectively. The energy consumption reached 4.1, 4.6, 3.8, 16.6 TDN/kg ADG.
      During the second period, the calves consumed 1.57, 1.45, 1.55, 1.65 kg DM as
      liquid and solid feedstuff. Up to a live body weight of 90 kg they had a daily
      increase of 695, 611, 593, 600 g. The energy used amounted to 1.98, 2.08, 2.28,
      2.40 TDN/kg ADG. The apparent digestibility of the crude protein was 95, 92, 91,
      92% during the first period and 81, 77, 76, 73% during the second period.

PMID- 3395318
TI  - Effects of ouabain and low-Na+ perfusion on rest-decay and post-rest recovery of
      cellular Ca content in ventricular muscle of guinea-pig heart.
AB  - Ca2+ shifts in isolated, perfused ventricular muscle of guinea-pig hearts were
      investigated with the aid of 45Ca under the conditions of complete equilibration
      of preparations with isotope-containing containing solutions. The content of 45Ca
      in stimulated preparations (rate 60/min) was 1.30 +/- 0.12 mmol/kg of wet weight
      (w.w.). 6 min rest resulted in the drop of this content to 0.37 +/- 0.05 mmol/kg
      w.w. despite continued perfusion with 45Ca containing solution. The difference of
      0.93 mmol/kg w.w. is equivalent to fraction Ca2 (15) and is labelled accordingly.
      Ouabain (1 microM) increased the 45Ca content to 1.53 +/- 0.15 mmol/kg w.w. in
      the stimulated and to 1.12 +/- 0.23 mmol/kg w.w. in the rested muscle. The
      respective values after low (50 mM) sodium perfusion were 1.70 +/- 0.11 and 1.07
      +/- 0.13 mmol/kg w.w. The differences between the stimulated and rested
      preparations (Ca2 fraction) were 0.41 and 0.63 mmol/kg, respectively. In the
      control experiments the force of the first post-rest beat dropped to 20 +/- 5% of
      the force of steady-state beats. During ouabain and low-sodium perfusion, the
      force of the first contraction increased markedly and its peak was larger than
      that of the few subsequent beats. It is concluded that Na-Ca exchange is the
      important factor in the rate-dependent control of Ca2 fraction content and of
      contractile force.

PMID- 3395320
TI  - [Climatic factors modifying the performance of cattle in Nigeria].
AB  - Continuing previous analogous investigations on climatic factors limiting the
      performance of cattle, temperature and humidity values were determined in
      southern Nigeria and were related to the established physiological compatibility
      conditions for cattle. A good agreement was found between the values determined
      in 1984 and 1985. On average (for both years) the outside temperatures surpassed
      the physiologically-compatible limit of 24 degrees C to the extent of 57.8%. Not
      more than 1.3% of the total hours were within the optimum temperature range for
      cattle. The values for the relative humidity were within the optimum cattle range
      by 27.4% in the two-year average, whereas they were too moist by 35.1%.

PMID- 3395321
TI  - [The cattle breeding program of the Republic of Cuba].
AB  - The Cuban cattle breeding programme has remained unchanged over more than 20
      years and aims at the genetic transformation of the indigenous population by
      means of crossbreeding within a high-performance cattle stock. Focus is on the
      breeds Holstein X Zebu in order to produce the crosses "Holstein Tropical" (7/8H
      1/8Z), "Mambi" (3/4H 1/4Z), and "Siboney" (5/8H 3/8Z). Besides these, other new
      breeds are envisaged for milk and meat production. Representative parameters of
      the production and reproduction of the new genotypes are being reported and
      discussed.

PMID- 3395323
TI  - Human parathyroid hormone related protein fragment-(1-34) had glucose-6-phosphate
      dehydrogenase activity on distal convoluted tubules in cytochemical bioassay.
AB  - In the present study, the action of parathyroid hormone related protein (PTHrP)
      on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity of the distal convoluted
      tubules was examined utilizing cytochemical bioassay (CBA). Recently full amino
      acid residues of human PTHrP (hPTHrP), one of the causative agents of HHM, was
      identified based on the cDNA clone using BEN cells. We synthesized hPTHrP-(1-34)
      and examined the effect of this protein on G6PD activities on the distal
      convoluted tubules, and compared its bioactivity to that of human parathyroid
      hormone (hPTH)-(1-84). hPTHrP-(1-34) stimulated G6PD activity in a log linear
      fashion with equivalent activity to that of hPTH-(1-84) on a molar basis.
      Conclusively, we found that PTHrP act on distal convoluted tubules similar to
      hPTH.

PMID- 3395322
TI  - Serum electrolyte and protein levels in guinea fowls (Numida meleagris) and
      Nigerian fowls (Gallus domesticus).
AB  - The comparison of the content of electrolytes and proteins in the serum of guinea
      fowl and Nigerian fowl showed that the former had significantly higher values for
      sodium, potassium, and albumin. The Nigerian fowl on the other hand exhibited
      higher values for calcium, chloride, bicarbonate, inorganic phosphate, total
      proteins, and globulins, which were also significant.

PMID- 3395324
TI  - A possible recognition mode of mRNA cap terminal structure by peptide:
      cooperative stacking and hydrogen-bond pairing interactions between m7GpppA and
      Trp-Leu-Glu.
AB  - 1H-NMR and fluorescence spectroscopic studies on the interaction between the Trp
      Leu-Glu and m7GpppA have shown a specific binding mode, in which the pi-pi
      stacking interaction of the Trp indole ring and the hydrogen-bond pairing of Glu
      carboxyl side group with 7-methylguanine base are simultaneously formed.

PMID- 3395325
TI  - Activation of protein kinase C by cis- and trans-fatty acids and its potentiation
      by diacylglycerol.
AB  - Both cis- and trans-unsaturated but not saturated fatty acids activated protein
      kinase C purified to apparent homogeneity from rat brain. Fatty-acid-induced
      enzyme activation was not more than additive with that by phospholipids and was
      potentiated by diacylglycerol. Recently, we demonstrated that cis- and trans
      unsaturated fatty acids induced platelet aggregation and phosphorylation of
      specific proteins. Both events were potentiated by a cell-permeable
      diacylglycerol [(1987) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 149, 762-768]. Thus, trans
      unsaturated fatty acids may provide useful experimental tools for the study of
      protein kinase C activation in vitro and in vivo. Our results suggest that fatty
      acids and diacylglycerol may synergistically be involved in hormonal stimulation
      of protein kinase C, as certain hormonal stimuli cause release of diacylglycerol
      and fatty acids from phospholipids by parallel activation of phospholipases C and
      A2.

PMID- 3395326
TI  - Time- and use-dependent inhibition by ryanodine of caffeine-induced contraction
      of guinea-pig aortic smooth muscle.
AB  - We examined how ryanodine interfered with Ca2+-releasing action of caffeine in
      guinea-pig aorta. Ryanodine (10 microM) decreased the caffeine-induced
      contraction depending on the time of pretreatment with the agent. The development
      of ryanodine-effect with time was neither due to a slow access to its binding
      site nor due to the depletion of stored Ca2+. Ryanodine more potently inhibited
      the second or the subsequent contraction due to caffeine than the first one even
      after the agent was removed from the bath after first caffeine. The enhancement
      of ryanodine-effect depended on the history of Ca2+ release but not on an
      increase in cytoplasmic Ca2+. The data suggest that an opening of Ca2+ release
      channel enhances the interaction of ryanodine with the channel.

PMID- 3395327
TI  - Stimulation of heart sarcolemmal Na+-Ca2+ exchange by concanavalin A.
AB  - The effects of Concanavalin A (Con A) on membrane Ca2+ translocation activities
      were examined by employing rat heart sarcolemmal preparations. Con A stimulated
      Na+-dependent Ca2+ uptake and ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake activities in the
      sarcolemmal vesicles; maximal stimulation was seen at a concentration of 10
      microgram/ml. These effects of Con A were blocked by alpha-metylmannoside.
      Sarcolemmal Na+-induced Ca2+ release was not affected by Con A. It is suggested
      that Con A-like substances may play a regulatory role in Ca2+-translocation
      processes of heart sarcolemma.

PMID- 3395328
TI  - Poly(rA) binding of alpha-anomeric and beta-anomeric tetrathymidylates covalently
      linked to an intercalating oxazolopyridocarbazolium. Determination of the binding
      parameters.
AB  - We have investigated by means of absorbance measurements at 310 nm the binding of
      alpha-anomeric or beta-anomeric tetrathymidylates covalently substituted at their
      3' end by an intercalating agent (oxazolopyridocarbazolium), to poly(rA). Taking
      into account the strong autoaggregation of the free ligands, we have derived the
      binding parameters corresponding to the [alpha] and the [beta] ligands. The
      affinity of the alpha-anomer for poly(rA) is higher than the affinity of the beta
      anomer in accordance with the Tm studies conducted on such a system.

PMID- 3395329
TI  - Effect of GPIIb-IIIa complex ligands on calcium ion movement and cytoskeleton
      organization in activated platelets.
AB  - We studied the influence of the occupancy of the fibrinogen receptor (GP IIb-IIIa
      complex) on two early aspects of agonist induced platelet activation: the
      increase of the intracellular Ca2+ concentration and the cytoskeleton
      reorganization. A monoclonal antibody, a peptide containing the RGD sequence and
      fibrinogen purified from human plasma were used as GP IIb-IIIa ligands. The
      obtained results demonstrated that fibrinogen receptor occupancy inhibits Ca2+
      movement and cytoskeleton reorganization caused by low thrombin concentration and
      ADP.

PMID- 3395330
TI  - Inhibition of African swine fever virus DNA synthesis by (S)-9-(3-hydroxy-2
      phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine.
AB  - The acyclic nucleotide analogue (S)-9-(3-hydroxy-2
      phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine [(S)-HPMPA] is a potent and selective inhibitor
      of African swine fever virus (ASFV) replication. Using the DNA-DNA hybridization
      technique with plasmid pRPEL-2 as probe, we have shown that (S)-HPMPA exerts a
      specific, dose-dependent, inhibitory effect on viral DNA synthesis. Also, (S)
      HPMPA inhibits the production of late viral proteins, especially IP-73, in ASFV
      infected MS and Vero cells. When evaluated under the same experimental
      conditions, phosphonoacetic acid (PAA) also caused an inhibition of viral DNA and
      late viral protein synthesis but only so at a concentration which was 10- to 20
      fold higher than that required for (S)-HPMPA.

PMID- 3395331
TI  - Effects of growth and differentiation inducing factors on protein kinase-C of
      cultured intestinal crypt cells.
AB  - To assess the role of protein kinase-C (PK-C) in the growth and differentiation
      of small intestinal enterocytes, IEC-6 cells (a cell line derived from the crypts
      of rat small intestine) were incubated with factors known to induce growth
      (insulin, epidermal growth factor, gastrin, somatostatin and transferrin) or
      differentiation (transforming growth factor-beta, retinoic acid and phorbol 12
      myristate 13-acetate (PMA)). Cell proliferation (3H-thymidine incorporation) and
      PK-C activity (Ca++/phospholipid dependent) were measured. Among growth promoting
      factors only epidermal growth factor, insulin and transferrin were associated
      with increased 3H-thymidine incorporation, and none of these agents induced PK-C
      activation as measured by its translocation from cytosol to membrane fraction. Of
      the differentiation inducing factors, only PMA translocated PK-C from cytosol to
      membrane. PMA also inhibited 3H-thymidine incorporation in a dose dependent
      manner. These results suggest that growth and proliferation of enterocytes occur
      independent of PK-C signal transduction.

PMID- 3395332
TI  - Detection of two heme oxygenase isoforms in the human testis.
AB  - This study shows heme oxygenase multiplicity is common to rat and human tissues.
      The isozymes in man and rat, however, are heterogenous proteins that share
      certain characteristics. Two forms of heme oxygenase, HO-1 and HO-2, were
      identified in human testis. HO-2 form was the prevalent form. Human and rat HO-1
      differed in chromatographic behavior and molecular weight; human HO-1 was a
      larger molecule (35,400 vs 30,000). The two forms, however, were similar in that
      immunochemically human HO-1 exhibited reactivity toward antibody to rat HO-1.
      Human and rat HO-2 also were dissimilar in chromatographic behavior and showed
      only a weak immunological cross-reactivity. Human and rat HO-1 were essentially
      the same size. As in rat organs, the microsomal cytochrome P-450 content in human
      testis was reciprocal to heme oxygenase activity.

PMID- 3395333
TI  - The impaired expression of glycine decarboxylase in patients with
      hyperglycinemias.
AB  - Glycine decarboxylase, a constituent of the glycine cleavage system, in patients
      with either nonketotic or ketotic hyperglycinemia (NKH and KH) was examined using
      an anti-chicken glycine decarboxylase antibody. Patients with NKH who have lesion
      in glycine decarboxylase are differentiated by its expressed level in the liver.
      One group is cases of the neonatal onset type who have neither activity of the
      enzyme nor protein reactive to the antibody. The other is a case of the late
      onset type who shows low but detectable activity of the enzyme and the desirable
      amount of the immunoreactive material. In the liver of a patient with KH not
      showing the appreciable activity of H-protein, ubiquitous amount of protein
      reactive to anti-H-protein IgG is detected and amount of glycine decarboxylase
      has also been lowered. It is suggested that several mechanisms may be involved in
      determining the expressed level of glycine decarboxylase in patients with
      hyperglycinemias.

PMID- 3395334
TI  - Nucleotide sequence predicts circularity and self-cleavage of 300-ribonucleotide
      satellite of arabis mosaic virus.
AB  - The nucleotide sequence of the satellite of arabis mosaic virus was determined
      using the satellite RNA encapsidated in virions. The 300-nucleotide long sequence
      showed extensive homology (50%) with that of the 359-nucleotide satellite RNA of
      tobacco ringspot virus, which occurs both in a linear and a circular form. This
      homology also revealed the presence of conceived sequences believed to mediate
      self-cleavage of the latter as well as other viral satellite RNAs. A circular
      form of the arabis mosaic virus satellite can be isolated from infected tissues
      and partially converts to the linear form upon elution from denaturing gels.

PMID- 3395335
TI  - Identification of L-pipecolate oxidase in human liver and its deficiency in the
      Zellweger syndrome.
AB  - The ability of human liver to oxidize L-pipecolic acid was investigated. Liver
      from control subjects was found to contain L-pipecolic acid oxidase, an H2O2
      producing enzyme not previously demonstrated in mammals. In livers from patients
      with the cerebro-hepato-renal syndrome of Zellweger, a genetic disease
      characterized by the absence of morphologically distinguishable peroxisomes, L
      pipecolic acid oxidase was found to be deficient. These results indicate that L
      pipecolic acid oxidase is a peroxisomal enzyme in man and provide an explanation
      for the fact that elevated levels of L-pipecolic acid are found in body fluids of
      patients with the Zellweger syndrome.

PMID- 3395336
TI  - Vasodilatory properties of mono-L-arginine-containing compounds.
AB  - Benzoyl derivatives of L-arginine, unlike arginine, elicited relaxation of pre
      contracted rat aortic rings in a concentration dependent manner. The most potent
      relaxing agent was N-alpha-benzoyl-L-arginine ethyl ester. The relaxation was
      abolished by methylene blue, but not by indomethacin. When incubated with rat
      aortic rings, the benzoyl derivatives exhibited colorimetric reactions
      characteristic of citrulline and nitrite ion. This indicates the presence of a
      peptidyl arginine deiminase like activity in rat aorta. Citrulline had no
      vasodilatory property. The other product of the iminase reaction is ammonia which
      through oxygenase pathway may generate nitric oxide, the proposed endothelium
      derived relaxing factor(EDRF). Our results suggest that an as yet unidentified
      arginine derivative from the endothelium may be the biological precursor of EDRF.

PMID- 3395337
TI  - Dual duplication of neurohypophysial hormones in an Australian marsupial:
      mesotocin, oxytocin, lysine vasopressin and arginine vasopressin in a single
      gland of the northern bandicoot (Isoodon macrourus).
AB  - Neurohypophysial hormones of an Australian marsupial, the Northern bandicoot
      (Isoodon macrourus), have been identified by their retention times in high
      pressure reverse-phase liquid chromatography using two solvent systems and by
      their molar pressor or uterotonic activities. Two pressor peptides, arginine
      vasopressin and lysipressin, and two uterotonic peptides, mesotocin and oxytocin,
      have been characterized. Because mesotocin and arginine vasopressin have been
      identified in three other Australian marsupial families, it is assumed that a
      duplication of each ancestral gene occurred in Peramelidae and subsequent
      mutations in one copy led to the additional oxytocin and lysipressin. A similar
      dual duplication of neurohypophysial hormones has previously been discovered in
      the North-American opossum (Didelphis virginiana) so that the duplication
      propensity seems peculiar to marsupials in contrast to placental mammals.

PMID- 3395338
TI  - Fura-2 used as a probe to show elevated intracellular free calcium in platelets
      of Dahl-sensitive rats fed a high salt diet.
AB  - Elevated intracellular free calcium concentration [Ca2+]i in vascular smooth
      muscle cells has been implicated in the pathophysiology of hypertension. Platelet
      [Ca2+]i was measured using the fluorescent indicator, Fura-2, in Dahl sensitive
      (DS) and resistant (DR) rats given high (8% NaCl) and low (0.4% NaCl) salt diets,
      as well as in the spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats.
      The aim of this study was to show whether [Ca2+]i is elevated in salt induced
      hypertension. Platelet [Ca2+]i and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were higher (p
      less than 0.001) in DS rats given a high than low salt diets. In contrast, no
      changes in platelet [Ca2+]i and SBP were observed in DR rats. In SHR, platelet
      [Ca2+]i and SBP were higher (p less than 0.001) than in the WKY rats. Platelet
      [Ca2+]i correlated with SBP in all groups of rats (r = 0.929; p less than 0.001,
      n = 38). The parallel increase in SBP and [Ca2+]i in the DS high salt rats and
      the SHR suggests that an increased [Ca2+]i is involved in the pathophysiology of
      hypertension in the two models which differ with respect to the pathogenesis of
      their hypertension. This increase in [Ca2+]i therefore seems to reflect an
      abnormality in [Ca2+]i handling in hypertension regardless of its cause.

PMID- 3395339
TI  - Red blood cell membrane microviscosity correlates with posttransfusion survival.
AB  - The cholesterol/phospholipid and sphingomyelin/phospholipid ratios of red blood
      cells stored for 42 days were unchanged after storage. However, the total
      phospholipid concentration in the red cells decreased suggesting a loss of red
      cell membrane during storage. The 24 h survival of the stored red cells was
      assessed by the Cr technique in homologous donors. A decrease in fluorescence
      polarization of diphenylhexatriene incorporated into the membrane was observed
      following storage which correlated with survival. Thus, molecular defects in the
      lipid bilayer are associated with long-term storage of red blood cells.

PMID- 3395340
TI  - Defective human erythrocyte uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase in familial porphyria
      cutanea tarda: the metabolic lesion or the result of endogenous porphyrinemia?
AB  - We have demonstrated that oral charcoal therapy is as effective as therapeutic
      phlebotomy in reducing porphyrinemia in porphyria cutanea tarda. The effects of
      immediate and sustained reduction of porphyrinemia on the catalytic properties of
      partially purified (approximately 200-fold) preparations of red cell
      uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase of a patient with familial porphyria cutanea tarda
      were studied. All populations of the patient's red cells exhibited defective
      enzyme activity, and the apparent Michaelis constants (Km) determined with penta
      , hepta-, and octa-carboxylic I porphyrinogen substrates were approximately 3-4
      times higher as compared to the normal controls. Mixing experiments (normal and
      defective enzyme), and preincubation of the normal enzyme with porphyric plasma
      prior to purification, yielded data supporting the concept that the catalytic
      defects of red cell uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase in familial porphyria cutanea
      tarda are independent of interactions between circulating endogenous porphyrins
      and the enzyme.

PMID- 3395341
TI  - Large olfactory responses of the carp after complete removal of olfactory cilia.
AB  - To study the role of olfactory cilia on olfactory reception, the carp olfactory
      cilia were removed by modified "ethanol-calcium shock" and the bulbar responses
      were recorded before and after deciliation. Large olfactory responses to various
      amino acids were observed after complete deciliation. The relation between
      magnitude of olfactory response and alanine concentration before and after
      deciliation was essentially unchanged. The present results suggests that the
      olfactory cilia may not be necessary for receptor neuron function in the carp.

PMID- 3395342
TI  - Mitochondrial creatine phosphokinase deficiency in diabetic rat heart.
AB  - The role of the mitochondrial end of the phosphocreatine energy shuttle was
      studied in the streptozotocin diabetic rat heart. Diabetic rats had 45 +/- 5%
      lower body weight and yielded 46 +/- 6% less mitochondria gm of protein than
      normals. Diabetic heart mitochondria had 32 +/- 7% lower creatine phosphokinase
      (CPK) activity and 59 +/- 10% lower oxygen consumption rate than normal heart
      mitochondria. Creatine (25 mM) did not stimulate oxygen uptake by diabetic heart
      although control (normal) heart mitochondria were stimulated. Inadequate
      mitochondrial energy production in the form of phosphocreatine could result in
      lower energy delivery to the myofibrillar contraction sites and might be an
      important factor in diabetic cardiomyopathy and weight loss.

PMID- 3395344
TI  - A mass spectrometric study of the structure of sterol carrier protein SCP2 from
      rat liver.
AB  - The amino acid sequence of Sterol Carrier Protein2 (SCP2) isolated from rat has
      been investigated. Using a novel mass spectrometric mapping approach, the C
      terminus was found to be extended beyond the previously published sequence.
      Carbohydrate analysis of SCP2 samples suggest the presence of tightly bound
      mannose oligosaccharide of 5-10 residues, although probably not in a glycoprotein
      linkage.

PMID- 3395343
TI  - A comparison of the effect of experimental general anaesthetics on nerve impulse
      blockade and on a proteinaceous target site.
AB  - While it has been reported that general anaesthetics inhibit the enzyme
      luciferase and thus reduce the light output of the reaction with luciferin, we
      find that in squid giant axons injected with luciferin and luciferase, treatment
      with experimental general anaesthetics at concentrations sufficient to block
      axonal conduction leads to an increase in the light production by the reaction.
      This potentiation of the protein activity is best observed when luciferin
      concentration is above the apparent association constant. Our findings raise
      doubts regarding the suitability of luciferase as a model for the target region
      of general anesthetic action.

PMID- 3395345
TI  - Cell-cycle dependent transformation competence in Dictyostelium discoideum.
AB  - We describe a modification of the transformation procedure for Dictyostelium
      which allows for a more exact estimate of transformation efficiency and the
      isolation of primary transformants. Investigations of transformation competence
      revealed a negative correlation to cell density and a distinct distribution
      during the cell-cycle. In synchronized cells, transformation efficiency is 2-3
      fold higher during mitosis when compared to unsynchronized cells.

PMID- 3395346
TI  - Intracellular redistribution of SCP2 in Leydig cells after hormonal stimulation
      may contribute to increased pregnenolone production.
AB  - Sterol carrier protein2 (SCP2) also designated non specific lipid transfer
      protein (nsL-TP), added to tumour Leydig cell mitochondria as a pure compound or
      in cytosolic preparations, stimulates pregnenolone production two- to three-fold.
      This stimulation can be abolished by addition of anti rat SCP2 but not by
      preimmune IgG-antibodies. SCP2- levels in the cytosol are increased in less than
      two minutes after addition of lutropin (LH). This increased SCP2 level may
      contribute to stimulation of steroid production in intact cells. After hormonal
      stimulation the subcellular distribution of SCP2 changes. A two-fold increase of
      SCP2- levels in the supernatant fraction and four-fold decrease in extracts of
      the particulate fraction was observed 30 min after stimulation of tumour Leydig
      cells with LH and subsequent fractionation. This apparent shift of SCP2 can be
      explained by an altered association with membranes or a true relocation of the
      protein from the particulate to the supernatant fractions under the influence of
      the hormone.

PMID- 3395347
TI  - Domains in bovine serum amine oxidase.
AB  - Analysis of the thermal unfolding of bovine serum amine oxidase by differential
      scanning calorimetry reveals for the dimeric protein a four domain structure
      consisting of two sets of domains. Each set contains two domains of similar size.
      The two smaller domains, in contrast with the larger ones, greatly differ in
      thermostability. Removal of copper changes the calorimetric pattern dramatically.
      The findings confirm that the metal cofactor plays a structural role. Since the
      enzyme contains two copper atoms and only one titratable carbonyl group, the
      calorimetric pattern suggests that the difference in thermostability of the two
      small domains might be due to the presence of a single organic cofactor.

PMID- 3395348
TI  - Apolipoprotein C-II deficiency: identification of a structural variant ApoC-II
      Padova.
AB  - Apolipoprotein(apo) C-II DNA, RNA and protein from a patient with a familial
      deficiency of apoC-II were evaluated and compared to normal individuals. No major
      defect of the apoC-II gene could be detected by Southern blot hybridization.
      Northern and slot blot analyses of total liver RNA documented normal levels of a
      normal sized apoC-II mRNA. Immunohistochemical studies of the liver of the apoC
      II deficient patient revealed a normal to slightly elevated intracellular content
      of the C-II apolipoprotein. Plasma apoC-II was 3 to 5% of normal apoC-II levels
      and exhibited abnormal electrophoretic mobility on two dimensional gel
      electrophoresis and immunoblotting. We postulate that at the molecular level, the
      deficiency of apoC-II in the plasma of this patient results from a structural
      defect in the coding portion of the apoC-II gene leading to either defective
      secretion of cellular apoC-II or increased catabolism of a structurally defective
      apoC-II in plasma.

PMID- 3395349
TI  - Giant proteoliposomes prepared by freezing-thawing without use of detergent:
      reconstitution of biomembranes usually inaccessible to patch-clamp pipette
      microelectrode.
AB  - When sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane vesicles or synaptosomes were mixed with
      sonicated phospholipid vesicles and subjected to freezing-thawing, giant vesicles
      of up to 50 microns in diameter were formed. When the biomembrane vesicles were
      labeled with a covalently binding fluorescent dye, the resultant giant vesicles
      were fluorescent, thereby suggesting that the freezing-thawing process induces
      fusion of phospholipid and biomembrane vesicles. When membranes of the giant
      proteoliposomes thus prepared were studied using the patch-clamp technique,
      potassium channels of the biomembranes were detectable. The present method of the
      giant proteoliposome preparation is simple and rapid, and provides a system
      suitable for the study of ion channels of various biomembranes usually
      inaccessible to a patch-pipette microelectrode.

PMID- 3395350
TI  - Isolation of putative promoter region for human terminal
      deoxynucleotidyltransferase gene.
AB  - We have isolated the genomic clone, which contained 5'-flanking region for human
      terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase (TdT) gene, by screening Charon 4A library
      and determined its nucleotide sequence. Two transcription initiation sites (cap
      sites) were localized at 81 and 106 bp upstream from the third ATG codon which is
      translation initiation site, by primer extension analysis. Although neither
      typical TATA nor CAAT sequences were detected within 100 bp upstream region of
      the 5' cap site, a palindromic structure comprised of 28 bp was formed just
      upstream of the 5' cap site and double repeats of 5'-CTGGC sequence were found in
      its palindrom. The typical octamer of 5'-ATGCAAAT and three octamer-like
      sequences, which are involved in the transcription of lymphoid-specific genes,
      were detected at 212, 293, 347 and 770 bp upstream from the first cap site.

PMID- 3395351
TI  - High dose methotrexate therapy: insecure rationale?

PMID- 3395352
TI  - 1,2-Epoxycycloalkanes: substrates and inhibitors of microsomal and cytosolic
      epoxide hydrolases in mouse liver.
AB  - Six different 1,2-epoxycycloalkanes, whose rings were constituted of 5 to 12
      carbon atoms, were tested as possible inhibitors of epoxide-metabolizing enzymes
      and substrates for the microsomal and cytosolic epoxide hydrolases (mEH, cEH) in
      mouse liver. The geometric configurations and the relative steric hindrances of
      these epoxides were estimated from their ease of hydrolysis in acidic conditions
      to the corresponding diols, their abilities to react with nitrobenzylpyridine,
      and the chemical shifts of the groups associated with the oxirane rings measured
      by proton and 13C-NMR. The cyclopentene, -hexene, -heptene, -octene and -decene
      oxides adopted mainly a cis-configuration. By contrast, cyclododecene oxide
      presented a trans-configuration. Steric hindrance increased with the size of the
      ring and was particularly strong when cyclooctene, -decene and -dodecene oxides
      were considered. With the exception of cyclohexene oxide, all the compounds were
      weak inhibitors of EH and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities. Cyclohexene
      oxide exhibited a selective inhibition of the mEH with an I50 of 4.0.10(-6) M. As
      the size of the ring increased, inhibitory potency was gradually lost. The cEH
      and the GST activities were less sensitive to the inhibitory effects of these
      epoxides (I50, 1 mM or above). A marked difference between the substrate
      selectivities of mEH and cEH for these epoxides was observed. The mEH hydrated
      all of the cyclic epoxides, although some of them at a very low rate; the best
      substrate was the cycloheptene oxide (2.3 nmol/min/mg protein). On the other
      hand, cyclodecene oxide was a substrate of cEH, but no diol formation was
      detected when cyclopentene, -hexene and -dodecene oxides were incubated with
      cytosolic enzyme.

PMID- 3395353
TI  - Influence of corticosteroids on chemotactic response and collagen metabolism of
      human skin fibroblasts.
AB  - Following chronic administration of corticosteroids in vivo, a number of
      complications occur, which mainly involve the metabolism of connective tissue
      cells. Therefore, several attempts have been made to develop corticosteroids,
      which show less pronounced side effects. Fibroblasts were kept in monolayer
      cultures and were exposed to corticosteroids demonstrating similar anti
      inflammatory activity (prednicarbate, desoximetasone). Chemotaxis of fibroblasts
      was studied over 4 hr, protein and collagen synthesis were estimated using
      proteinchemical methods and also by dot blot hybridization. Corticosteroids used
      in a high dosage (10 microM) affected all biosynthetic capacities of the
      investigated fibroblasts. Protein synthesis and production of collagen types I
      and III were reduced and a similar decrease of mRNA levels for collagen type I
      could be found indicating an influence on the pretranslational control. In the
      same concentrations desoximetasone was much more active than prednicarbate.
      Fibroblast migration was dosage dependently inhibited from 10(-9) M to 10(-5) M
      for desoximetasone, while incubation with prednicarbate did not cause a reduction
      of the chemotactic response at concentrations lower than 10(-7) M. These data
      suggest that modifications of corticosteroids might result in a dissociation of
      some of their biological activities and can specifically influence their effects
      on biosynthetic capacities of fibroblasts.

PMID- 3395354
TI  - Properties of the radicals formed by one-electron oxidation of acetaminophen--a
      pulse radiolysis study.
AB  - The semi-iminoquinone radical of acetaminophen, which has previously been
      proposed as a possible hepatotoxic intermediate in the cytochrome P-450 catalysed
      oxidation of acetaminophen, has been generated and studied by pulse radiolysis.
      In the absence of other reactive solutes, the radical decays rapidly by second
      order kinetics with a rate constant (2k2) of (2.2 +/- 0.4) x 10(9) M-1 sec-1. In
      alkaline solutions the radical deprotonates with a pK of 11.1 +/- 0.1 to form a
      radical-anion, as confirmed by the effect of ionic strength on the rate of
      radical decay. The acetaminophen radical-anion reacts with resorcinol at high pH
      values, leading to the formation of a transient equilibrium from which the one
      electron reduction potential of the semi-iminoquinone radical of acetaminophen is
      estimated to be +0.707 +/- 0.01 V at pH 7. This value predicts that acetaminophen
      should be oxidised by thiyl radicals. This was confirmed by pulse radiolysis
      experiments for reaction of the cysteinyl radical, for which rate constants of 7
      x 10(6) M-1 sec-1 at pH 7 and 2.7 x 10(8) M-1 sec-1 at pH 11.3 were obtained. The
      reaction of O2 with the acetaminophen semi-iminoquinone radical could not be
      detected by pulse radiolysis, and alternative mechanisms for superoxide radical
      formation are discussed.

PMID- 3395355
TI  - Choline as an agonist: determination of its agonistic potency on cholinergic
      receptors.
AB  - These experiments examined the potency of choline as a cholinergic agonist at
      both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors in rat brain and peripheral tissues.
      Choline stimulated the contraction of isolated smooth muscle preparations of the
      stomach fundus, urinary bladder and trachea and reduced the frequency of
      spontaneous contractions of the right atrium at high micromolar and low
      millimolar concentrations. The potency of choline to elicit a biological response
      varied markedly among these tissues; EC50 values ranged between 0.41 mM in the
      fundus to 14.45 mM in the atrium. Choline also displaced [3H]quinuclidinyl
      benzilate binding in a concentration-dependent manner although, again, its
      potency varied among different brain regions (Ki = 1.2 to 3.5 mM) and peripheral
      tissues (Ki = 0.28 to 3.00 mM). Choline exhibited a comparable affinity for
      nicotinic receptors. It stimulated catecholamine release from the vascularly
      perfused adrenal gland (EC50 = 1.3 mM) and displaced L-[3H]nicotine binding to
      membrane preparations of brain and peripheral tissues (Ki = 0.38 to 1.17 mM).
      However, the concentration of choline required to bind to cholinergic receptors
      in most tissues was considerably higher than serum levels either in controls (8
      13 microM) or following the administration of choline chloride (200 microM).
      These results clearly demonstrate that choline is a weak cholinergic agonist. Its
      potency is too low to account for the central nervous system effects produced by
      choline administration, although the direct activation of cholinergic receptors
      in several peripheral tissues may explain some of its side effects.

PMID- 3395356
TI  - Role of the transfer of metabolites from hepatocytes to splenocytes in the
      suppression of in vitro antibody response by dimethylnitrosamine.
AB  - The metabolism and subsequent immunosuppressive effects of dimethylnitrosamine
      (DMN) were investigated in mixed cultures of mouse hepatocytes and mouse
      splenocytes. Hepatocytes were shown to activate DMN to an immunosuppressive form
      that caused the suppression of the in vitro antibody response to the T-dependent
      antigen, sheep erythrocytes (SRBC). A significant increase in the binding of DMN
      metabolites to trichloroacetic acid (TCA) precipitable material in splenocytes
      was induced when 94 microM [14C-methyl]DMN was added to the co-culture medium,
      indicating that reactive intermediates of DMN were transferred from hepatocytes
      to splenocytes and resulted in alkylation of macromolecules in splenocytes. The
      amount of [14C]DMN bound to TCA precipitable material in splenocytes increased in
      a time-dependent manner up to 4 hr of incubation. Aminoacetonitrile (AAN), a high
      affinity DMN demethylase inhibitor, reversed the suppression by low
      concentrations of DMN (0.5 to 5 mM), but not by high concentrations of DMN
      (greater than 5 mM). AAN also inhibited the binding of [14C]DMN to both
      hepatocytes and splenocytes. These results suggest that reactive metabolites of
      DMN are released from hepatocytes and that the suppression of the antibody
      response by DMN is mediated via these reactive intermediates.

PMID- 3395357
TI  - Kinetic characterization of the catalysis of "activated" cyclophosphamide (4
      hydroxycyclophosphamide/aldophosphamide) oxidation to carboxyphosphamide by mouse
      hepatic aldehyde dehydrogenases.
AB  - A spectrophotometric assay was developed and utilized to directly characterize
      aldehyde dehydrogenase-catalyzed oxidation of aldophosphamide to
      carboxyphosphamide by soluble and solubilized particulate fractions prepared from
      mouse liver homogenates. Vmax values of 3310 and 1170 nmol/min/g liver were
      obtained for the soluble and solubilized particulate fractions respectively. Km
      values were 22 and 84 microM respectively. Alkaline pH optimums were observed in
      each case. Aldehyde dehydrogenase-catalyzed oxidation of aldophosphamide by the
      soluble fraction was markedly more temperature responsive. Catalysis of
      aldophosphamide and acetaldehyde or benzaldehyde oxidation was apparently by the
      same isozyme(s) in the soluble fraction. Similarly, low Km
      (acetaldehyde/benzaldehyde) and high Km (acetaldehyde/benzaldehyde) isozymes each
      apparently catalyzed the oxidation of aldophosphamide in the solubilized
      particulate fraction. Our findings suggest that (1) oxidation of aldophosphamide
      to carboxyphosphamide by mouse liver is catalyzed largely by the predominant
      aldehyde dehydrogenase isozyme present in the soluble fraction (cytosol) of this
      tissue, and (2) isozymes that catalyze aldophosphamide oxidation are not
      different from those that catalyze the oxidation of acetaldehyde and
      benzaldehyde, though the relative contribution of each isozyme within the
      solubilized particulate fraction to the catalysis of aldophosphamide oxidation
      remains to be determined.

PMID- 3395358
TI  - Cefazolin serum protein binding and its inhibition by bilirubin, fatty acids and
      other drugs.
AB  - This paper describes the protein binding of cefazolin to human serum and to human
      serum albumin (HSA) using equilibrium dialysis. The drug is exclusively bound to
      HSA with a moderate affinity, Ka = 16,600 +/- 1600 M-1, and one saturable binding
      site, n = 0.73 +/- 0.02. Moreover cefazolin shows a dose-dependent binding
      leading a possible increase of the free fraction (when its total concentration
      increases). This antibiotic is displaced by free fatty acids (FFA) and bilirubin.
      Cefazolin binding to human serum and human serum albumin (HSA) was studied in
      presence of acidic drugs. At low concentrations clofibric acid and phenylbutazone
      both exhibiting high affinity for HSA displace strongly cefazolin. Valproic and
      salicylic acids, sulfamethoxazole, cefoperazone which have approximately the same
      affinity as cefazolin, must be used at higher concentrations to displace this
      antibiotic. A particular phenomenon was observed with cefazolin on HSA when
      associated with furosemide. A low concentration (5-25 microM) of this drug
      induces a positive cooperativity of binding between cefazolin and HSA. But at a
      molar ratio of furosemide to albumin greater than one, such cooperative
      interaction disappears and a competitive inhibition of cefazolin binding occurs.
      For all drugs studied, a competitive inhibition was found except for tryptophan.
      Finally, it is concluded that cefazolin shares the warfarin binding site on HSA.

PMID- 3395360
TI  - Inhibition of phylloquinone epoxide reductase by BHT quinone methide, salicylic
      acid and alpha-tocopherolquinone.

PMID- 3395359
TI  - Effect of antibiotics on the binding of pargyline to monoamine oxidase in
      cultured hepatocytes.
AB  - The laser dye rhodamine 123 has been used to establish that the binding of
      [3H]pargyline to monoamine oxidase is a more sensitive indicator of mitochondrial
      perturbation than measurements of protein synthesis, secretion, or degradation.
      The amount of monoamine oxidase labelled depends on the antibiotic used. The
      labelling was considerably lower in the presence of gentamycin than in the
      presence of either chloramphenicol or of penicillin and streptomycin. The
      accumulation of gentamycin within the cells was the cause of the reduced
      labelling of monoamine oxidase which was not accompanied by an alteration in the
      metabolism of pargyline. The gentamycin effect can be prevented by incubating the
      cells in medium supplemented with methylamine prior to adding the monoamine
      oxidase inhibitor. Long term culture of cells with gentamycin can result in the
      cell culture medium becoming dark brown. Under these conditions the monoamine
      oxidase labelling is increased due to an inhibition of pargyline metabolism. The
      results indicate that the choice of antibiotic is important in patients being
      treated with both antibiotics and monoamine oxidase inhibitors.

PMID- 3395362
TI  - Comparative evaluation of different pathways for the liver toxicity of morphine
      using freshly isolated hepatocytes.

PMID- 3395361
TI  - Hepatic sulphate conjugation of triiodothyronine (T3).

PMID- 3395363
TI  - Effect of oltipraz on the metabolism of glutathione in Schistosoma mansoni.

PMID- 3395364
TI  - Interaction of a photolabile NADH analog with rat liver dihydropteridine
      reductase.

PMID- 3395365
TI  - Sulfation of the immunomodulating polysaccharide lentinan: a novel strategy for
      antivirals to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

PMID- 3395367
TI  - Hydrolysis of the four stereoisomers of soman catalyzed by liver homogenate and
      plasma from rat, guinea pig and marmoset, and by human plasma.
AB  - Stereoselective hydrolysis at pH 7.5 and 37 degrees of C(+/-)P(+/-)-soman by
      liver homogenate and plasma from rat, guinea pig and marmoset, and by human
      plasma is studied by using the four single stereoisomers. The fast hydrolysis of
      the C(+/-)P(+)-isomers is monitored titrimetrically, whereas the decay of the
      much slower reacting C(+/-)P(-)-isomers is followed by gas chromatographic
      determination of the residual concentration. Values of Km and Vmax are evaluated
      for the enzymatic hydrolysis of the two relatively nontoxic C(+/-)P(+)-isomers.
      The plasma enzymes have a high affinity for these isomers (Km: 0.01-0.04 mM); the
      Km values of the liver enzymes vary between 0.04 and 0.7 mM. Except for rat liver
      homogenate, only first-order rate constants can be obtained for catalyzed
      hydrolysis (kc) of the highly toxic C(+/-)P(-)-isomers: most measurements with
      C(+/-)P(-)-isomer concentrations greater than 0.3 mM are complicated by
      epimerization to C(+/-)P(+)-isomers, which may conceal enzyme saturation with the
      C(+/-)P(-)-isomers. The first-order rate constants of catalyzed hydrolysis
      (Vmax/Km or kc) by all liver homogenates and plasmata decrease in the order:
      C(+)P(+)- greater than C(-)P(+)- much greater than C(-)P(-)- greater than C(+)P(
      )-soman. The highest P(+)-/P(-)-stereoselectivity is found for rat plasma. Rat
      liver homogenate is more potent than the other liver homogenates in catalyzing
      the hydrolysis of both the C(+/-)P(+)- and the C(+/-)P(-)-isomers. Rat plasma
      shows the highest activity for degradation of the C(+/-)P(+)-isomers, but is
      approximately as active as marmoset and human plasma for degradation of the C(+/
      )P(-)-isomers.

PMID- 3395366
TI  - Adriamycin-dependent peroxidation of rat liver and heart microsomes catalysed by
      iron chelates and ferritin. Maximum peroxidation at low oxygen partial pressures.
AB  - NADPH- and iron-dependent lipid peroxidation of rat heart and liver microsomes
      was measured in the presence and absence of adriamycin. Lipid peroxidation was
      enhanced by adriamycin when incubated in air and was increased as the pO2 was
      lowered, to a maximum of 3-4 times the aerobic level at a pO2 of approx. 4 mm Hg.
      Fe-ADP, Fe-ATP and ferritin were able to catalyse adriamycin-dependent
      peroxidation of microsomes under low pO2. Superoxide dismutase and catalase had
      minimal effect. These results indicate that adriamycin-dependent lipid
      peroxidation is favoured by the low O2 concentration that exist in active muscle
      cells and suggest that ferritin could provide the iron catalyst for the reaction.

PMID- 3395368
TI  - Effects of basic drugs on the hepatic transport of cardiac glycosides in rats.
AB  - The effects of some basic and acidic drugs on the hepatic uptake of digoxin and
      ouabain were studied in isolated rat hepatocytes. Digoxin accumulated against a
      concentration gradient, and its initial uptake was energy- and temperature
      dependent. Digoxin competitively inhibited the uptake of ouabain (Ki = 1.3
      microM), which was reported to be transported by a carrier-mediated active
      transport system. All basic drugs tested (verapamil, dipyridamole, amiodarone,
      nifedipine, diltiazem, ajmaline, chlorpromazine, imipramine, disopyramide,
      quinidine, procainamide, propranolol and lidocaine: 50 microM) except for
      procainamide, propranolol and lidocaine significantly (P less than 0.05) reduced
      the uptake of digoxin, whereas acidic drugs (salicylic acid and phenytoin) had no
      effect. The same inhibitory effects were observed for ouabain uptake, whereas the
      uptake of alanine was not changed by these drugs. Quinidine inhibited the uptake
      of ouabain in a noncompetitive manner (Ki = 88 microM). These basic drugs had no
      effect on the permeability of the cells assessed by the trypan blue exclusion
      test and succinate-simulated oxygen consumption. But carbonylcyanide-m
      chlorophenyl hydrazone-stimulated oxygen consumption decreased in the presence of
      some basic drugs and correlated with their inhibitory effects on digoxin uptake.
      Therefore, one of the mechanisms of the inhibitory effects of these drugs on
      digoxin uptake was the inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation. These basic drugs
      had no effect on the microtubular system, which was assessed by the measurement
      of tubulin polymerization and colchicine binding to tubulin. The results of our
      study suggested that many basic drugs have a potential to inhibit the
      hepatocellular uptake of cardiac glycosides.

PMID- 3395369
TI  - Dialyzable serum cofactor(s) required for the protein-mediated transport of DL
      propranolol into rat brain.
AB  - To elucidate the characteristics of promotion factor(s) in rat serum required for
      the protein-mediated transport of drugs into the brain, we examined the brain
      uptake of DL-propranolol as a model drug using the in vivo brain uptake index
      (BUI) method in rats. The protein-mediated transport was not observed in rats
      injected with the buffer solution containing either various concentrations of
      purified rat alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (alpha 1-AGP) or rat albumin. When the
      filtrate from rat serum was used as an injection vehicle to which a physiological
      concentration of purified rat serum protein(s) was added, the protein-mediated
      transport of DL-propranolol was observed in the rat brain. Moreover, the ability
      of protein-mediated transport of DL-propranolol was reduced in rats injected with
      the dialyzed serum compared with the undialyzed serum. These results suggest that
      the dialyzable promotion factor in serum is required for the protein-mediated
      transport of DL-propranolol into the brain.

PMID- 3395370
TI  - Binding of indapamide to serum proteins and erythrocytes.
AB  - The binding of indapamide to isolated serum proteins and erythrocytes was studied
      in order to understand its blood distribution. In serum, indapamide was mainly
      bound to alpha 1-acid glycoprotein with a high affinity (K = 73.4/mM), and to
      albumin and lipoproteins. Indapamide was bound to erythrocytes via a saturable
      process with a high affinity (K = 385/mM and N = 57 microM for an hematocrit
      value of 0.48), and erythrocytes were the main binding component in blood (more
      than 80% of indapamide was associated to erythrocytes in blood). The binding to
      serum proteins affected indapamide distribution in blood, and alpha 1-acid
      glycoprotein was shown to be the more effective protein in decreasing the amount
      of indapamide associated to erythrocytes.

PMID- 3395371
TI  - Production of ethane by rats treated with the colon carcinogen, 1,2
      dimethylhydrazine.
AB  - Ethane was exhaled by rats treated with the colon carcinogen, 1,2
      dimethylhydrazine (DMH). At 1 hr, ethane production (mean +/- SD) was 0.2 +/- 0.2
      nmol/kg (controls) and 5.2 +/- 1.3, 13.7 +/- 3.4, and 27.7 +/- 9.6, respectively,
      for DMH injections of 0.15 mmol/kg (20 mg/kg of the dihydrochloride salt), 0.45
      mmol/kg, and 1.35 mmol/kg. Rates of ethane evolution tapered off after 2 hr, but
      persisted for up to 3 hr at the lower dose, and up to 5-6 hr at the higher dose.
      Although ethane is produced in vivo during lipid peroxidation, experiments with
      vitamin E, a potent lipid antioxidant, indicated that lipid peroxidation was
      unlikely to be the source of ethane in DMH-treated rats: pretreatment with
      vitamin E had no effect on ethane formation from DMH but did suppress ethane
      production from rats treated with carbon tetrachloride, an inducer of hepatic
      lipid peroxidation. When rats were injected with 1,2-diethylhydrazine in place of
      DMH, large amounts of ethane and ethylene were produced (9800 and 5600
      nmol/kg/hr). The hydrocarbon gases exhaled by rats may arise from dimerization of
      methyl radicals (.CH3) generated during the metabolism of DMH, and from ethyl
      radicals (.CH2CH3) generated during the metabolism of 1,2-diethylhydrazine.
      Previously, it was shown that methane and ethane are formed from methyl radicals
      in vitro. Other investigators have observed formation of hydrocarbon gases during
      the in vitro metabolism of monoalkylhydrazines by microsomes, and ethyl radicals,
      derived from monoethylhydrazine, have been detected by electron spin-resonance
      spectroscopy. The results presented here suggest that in vivo metabolism of DMH
      may produce methyl radicals. Methyl radicals are capable of interacting with
      biomolecules. Their indiscriminate reaction with tissue constituents may be a
      contributory factor in DMH-induced carcinogenesis.

PMID- 3395372
TI  - Kallidin and bradykinin metabolism by isolated cerebral microvessels.
AB  - Although kinins have been reported to affect cerebral vascular tone and
      permeability, their actions are not potentiated by angiotensin converting enzyme
      inhibitors. To investigate cerebral vascular kinin metabolism, porcine cerebral
      microvessels were isolated by differential sieving and centrifugation and
      characterized by microscopic examination and marker enzyme enrichment. Purified
      microvessels contained a membrane-bound carboxypeptidase which hydrolyzed the C
      terminal Phe-Arg bond of both kallidin and bradykinin. Hydrolysis was optimal at
      pH 7.0, was activated more than 300% by 0.1 mM CoCl2, and was inhibited by o
      phenanthroline and the carboxypeptidase N (EC 3.4.17.3) inhibitor DL-2
      mercaptomethyl-3-guanidino-ethylthiopropanoic acid (MERGETPA) (IC50 = 2 microM).
      Conversely, inhibitors of angiotensin I converting enzyme (captopril), neutral
      endopeptidase (phosphoramidon), post proline cleaving enzyme (Z-Pro-prolinal),
      dipeptidyl(amino)peptidase IV (diprotin A) and amino-peptidase M (amastatin) had
      no effect. When the rates of C-terminal hydrolysis of kallidin by detergent
      solubilized cerebral microvasculature were determined over a range of substrate
      concentrations (16.6 to 250 microM), the Km and Vmax values obtained were 26.0 +/
      3.0 microM and 14.7 +/- 1.3 nmol/min/ml (N = 4) respectively. These data suggest
      that a cerebral microvascular carboxypeptidase may play a role in vivo in
      modulating the effects of kinins on cerebral blood flow and permeability and in
      preventing circulating kinins from crossing the blood-brain barrier.

PMID- 3395373
TI  - N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-[2-(7-guaninyl)ethyl]amine, the putative major DNA adduct of
      cyclophosphamide in vitro and in vivo in the rat.
AB  - The anti-cancer agent, cyclophosphamide, metabolises to the cytotoxic alkylating
      agent phosphoramide mustard, which can be dephosphoramidated to give nornitrogen
      mustard. A rat liver mitochondrial supernatant system was used to study the
      binding of [chloroethyl 3H]cyclophosphamide to DNA. The reacted DNA was acid
      hydrolysed and one major adduct was identified using Sephadex G-10
      chromatography, followed by HPLC, using reversed-phase or ion-exchange systems.
      Further studies, using [14C]guanine as reaction substrate for [chloroethyl
      3H]cyclophosphamide, phosphoramide mustard or nornitrogen mustard, demonstrated
      the main adduct from each reaction had identical chromatographic properties in
      these systems. The radiolabelled ratio in the [3H]cyclophosphamide-[14C]guanine
      reaction demonstrated a monoadducted product. From this evidence and from 1H NMR
      data, the common adduct was putatively identified as a hydroxylated nornitrogen
      mustard adduct (N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-[2-(7-guaninyl)ethyl]amine). In in vivo
      studies, rats were injected intraperitoneally with 2.775 MBq
      [3H]cyclophosphamide. Total organ [3H] content and DNA binding levels were
      ascertained. Maximal levels of [3H] binding to DNA were seen between 1-4 hr with
      the highest binding levels observed in the bladder. The in vivo adduct was shown,
      using various HPLC systems, to co-chromatograph with the in vitro adduct and thus
      the main in vivo adduct was putatively identified as N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-[2-(7
      guaninyl)ethyl]amine.

PMID- 3395374
TI  - Influence of epinephrine on alcohol dehydrogenase activity in rat hepatocyte
      culture.
AB  - The effects of epinephrine on alcohol dehydrogenase activity and on rates of
      ethanol elimination were determined in rat hepatocyte culture. Continuous
      exposure of the hepatocytes to epinephrine (10 microM) in combination with
      dexamethasone (0.1 microM) enhanced alcohol dehydrogenase activity on days 4-7 of
      culture, whereas neither hormone alone had an effect. The increased alcohol
      dehydrogenase activity was associated with an increased rate of ethanol
      elimination. Acute addition of 10 microM epinephrine to hepatocytes maintained in
      culture with 0.1 microM dexamethasone did not change alcohol dehydrogenase
      activity, but resulted in an immediate marked, but transitory, increase in
      ethanol elimination within the first 5 min after the addition of the hormone.
      Prazosin, an alpha 1-adrenergic blocker, and antimycin, an inhibitor of
      mitochondrial respiration, were powerful inhibitors of the transient increase in
      ethanol elimination, whereas 4-methylpyrazole was only partially inhibitory.
      These observations indicate that epinephrine has a chronic effect in increasing
      alcohol dehydrogenase activity and ethanol elimination and, also, an acute
      transient effect of increasing ethanol elimination which is not limited by
      alcohol dehydrogenase activity.

PMID- 3395375
TI  - Formation of fatty acid ethyl esters during chronic ethanol treatment in mice.
AB  - Ethyl esters of long-chain fatty acids are formed in the liver and brain of mice
      after 1-6 days of ethanol intoxication. This observation extends the reports of
      Lange and co-workers who detected these compounds as unusual metabolites of
      ethanol in human tissues [E. A. Laposata and L. G. Lange, Science 231, 497
      (1986)]. Ethyl esters of oleic and linoleic acids, and, in smaller amounts, ethyl
      esters of palmitic and stearic acids were found in the livers of mice that had
      been treated with ethanol by inhalation. In the brain, only the esters of
      unsaturated fatty acids were found, in lower amounts than in liver. All the fatty
      acid ethyl esters seemed to have reached steady-state levels in the tissues after
      3 or 4 days of alcohol treatment. When incorporated into synaptosomal plasma
      membranes in vitro, in intramembrane concentrations estimated to resemble those
      observed in the mice, these esters reduced the fluorescence anisotropy, i.e. they
      disordered the membranes.

PMID- 3395376
TI  - Effects of butylated hydroxyanisole on glutathione S-transferase and catechol O
      methyltransferase activities in Syrian golden hamsters.
AB  - The effects of dietary butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) on the enzyme activities of
      glutathione (GSH) S-transferase and catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) in the
      forestomach, small intestinal mucosa, and liver of Syrian golden hamsters and
      ICR/Ha mice were examined. GSH S-transferase activity in the hamster tissues was
      not enhanced appreciably after 1 or 4 weeks of feeding diets containing various
      concentrations of BHA. In general, short term (1 week) feeding of diets
      containing BHA did not differ from longer term (4 weeks) feeding of the same
      diets. In the forestomach of hamsters, a positive dose response on the activity
      of GSH S-transferase was obtained with increasing concentration of BHA in the
      diet for 1 or 4 weeks. The maximum effect of dietary BHA in hamsters was observed
      in the forestomach after 1 week of feeding, which induced an increase in GSH S
      transferase activity to twice that of the control level. The same induction
      effect, however, was not apparent in the liver or in the small intestinal mucosa.
      Dietary BHA, at all concentrations studied, did not elicit any significant change
      in the activity of the GSH S-transferase enzyme in these two tissues. While the
      increase of enzyme activity in the forestomach of ICR/Ha mice was similar to that
      observed in the forestomach of hamsters, the induction of GSH S-transferase
      activity in the liver and in the small intestinal mucosa of the two animal
      species was drastically different. In contrast to the lack of response to dietary
      BHA in the hamster tissues, the induction of increased enzyme activity in the
      liver and intestinal mucosa of ICR/Ha mice, after 1 week of 2% BHA feeding, was
      greater than 7 and 11 times that of control respectively. The ineffectiveness of
      BHA as an enzyme inducer in the hamster tissues was similar for the activity of
      COMT. The enzyme activity in all three hamster tissues examined did not change
      significantly as a result of BHA incorporation into the diet for 1 week. In
      contrast, the COMT activity in the forestomach and small intestinal mucosa of the
      mouse was increased with increasing concentration of dietary BHA. At 2% BHA, the
      enzyme activity in the two tissues was 3 and 2 times that of the control level,
      respectively, whereas the enzyme activity in the liver remained at control level.
      These findings suggest that the overall unresponsiveness of detoxifying enzyme
      systems in the Syrian golden hamsters may be critical in the formation of
      forestomach tumors caused by BHA.

PMID- 3395377
TI  - Altered responsiveness of adenylate cyclase to adenosine and other agents in the
      myocardial sarcolemma and aorta of spontaneously-hypertensive rats.
AB  - Adenylate cyclase activity was studied in the myocardial sarcolemma and aorta of
      spontaneously-hypertensive rats (SHR) and their respectively Wistar-Kyoto (WKY)
      controls. Basal enzyme activity was decreased in the SHR as compared to the WKY
      group. Adenylate cyclase stimulation by N-ethylcarboxamide adenosine (NECA) was
      significantly lower in the myocardial sarcolemma and aorta of SHR, and this
      decreased responsiveness was associated with a reduction in the Vmax. Other
      agonists, such as isoproterenol (ISO), epinephrine, dopamine (DA), and glucagon,
      also enhanced myocardial adenylate cyclase activity to various degrees in SHR and
      WKY, but stimulation (Vagonists/Vbasal) was always lower in the SHR. NaF and
      forskolin (FSK), which activate adenylate cyclase via receptor-independent
      mechanisms, augmented it in the myocardial sarcolemma of SHR to a lesser extent
      than in WKY. While the guanine nucleotides GTP and GMP-P(NH)P elevated adenylate
      cyclase in a concentration-dependent manner in both SHR and WKY, the magnitude of
      stimulation was significantly lower in the former group. Decreased basal
      adenylate cyclase activity and responsiveness to adenosine, various hormones, NaF
      and FSK were observed in SHR of all ages, i.e. from 4 to 24 weeks of age. In
      addition, basal, hormone-, NaF- and FSK-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity was
      diminished markedly in the aorta of SHR. These results suggest that, in SHR, not
      only is basal adenylate cyclase activity decreased but the abilities of
      adenosine, other hormones and agonists, such as NaF and FSK, to stimulate
      adenylate cyclase, guanine nucleotide regulatory protein and the catalytic
      subunit of the cyclase system are also impaired in the myocardial sarcolemma and
      aorta.

PMID- 3395378
TI  - Organ distribution of neuropathy target esterase in man.

PMID- 3395379
TI  - Effect of chloramphenicol administration in vivo on cytochrome P-450-dependent
      monooxygenase activities in liver microsomes from uninduced male rats.

PMID- 3395380
TI  - Identification of a cytochrome P-450 in human fetal liver related to
      glucocorticoid-inducible cytochrome P-450HLp in the adult.

PMID- 3395381
TI  - Correlates of a clinical classification schema for the arthritis helplessness
      subscale.
AB  - We examined the categorization of the helplessness subscale of the Arthritis
      Helplessness Index (AHI) into clinical ranges analogous to laboratory values, and
      the predictive validity of these cutoff scores over a 2-year period. Data were
      obtained via questionnaires mailed every 6 months over 5 time periods to 368
      patients who had been diagnosed as having rheumatoid arthritis. The results
      demonstrate that patients classified as low helpless were distinct from those
      classified as normal. In turn, those classified normal were distinct from high
      helpless patients on numerous measures of beliefs, affect, behavior, and symptom
      severity. Even after 2 years, the 5-item helplessness subscale identified
      distinct clinical courses for these 3 groups.

PMID- 3395382
TI  - Radial and spinal bone mineral density in a patient population.
AB  - Density of the radius (by single-photon absorptiometry) and the spine (by dual
      photon absorptiometry) was measured in 281 normal young women and in a large
      heterogeneous group of 1,622 consecutive female patients. Both spinal and radial
      density were useful measurements when performed on patients with medical
      indications; spine and radius densities in these patients averaged 10-20% below
      those of age-matched controls. However, patients younger than 60 years of age had
      deficits of spine density that were twice as large as those in the radius, and
      twice as many of these patients had spinal osteopenia, compared with those with
      radial osteopenia. After age 70, loss of density in the radius approximated that
      in the spine and the prevalence of osteopenia was similar at both sites. The
      poorer sensitivity of the radius measurement reflected the fact that it did not
      predict spine density. The standard error of the estimate was 0.12 gm/cm2 in
      normal subjects and 0.15 gm/cm2 in patients. At any given radial density, the
      spinal density of patients averaged 0.18 gm/cm2 (15-20%) below that in normal
      subjects. Predictions of spinal density from body weight were as accurate as
      predictions from radial density. Preferential spinal osteopenia occurring without
      radial osteopenia precluded radial densitometry as a screening method for
      individuals with osteoporosis before age 60. However, measurement of the radius
      was more effective than body weight for defining groups at risk, even though the
      radius did not reliably predict individual spine density. A radius shaft density
      less than 0.55 gm/cm2 occurring with a body weight less than 55 kg was associated
      with a high prevalence of spinal osteopenia.

PMID- 3395383
TI  - Morphologic characteristics of developing osteoarthrotic lesions in the knee
      cartilage of STR/IN mice.
AB  - The development of osteoarthrotic cartilage lesions in the knee joints of male
      STR/IN mice was studied with respect to their histologic appearance and their
      various localizations in the joint. Spontaneous articular cartilage degeneration
      on the medial portion of the tibial plateau was considered to be the initial
      event. Continued loss of cartilage subsequently led to a pronounced instability
      of the knee joint, with a varus deformity. This was followed by medial patellar
      luxation with corresponding osteoarthrotic lesions at the facies patellaris
      femoris. The most marked osteoarthrotic cartilage degeneration developed on the
      medial tibial condyle and at the facies patellaris femoris of the femoropatellar
      joint. Histologic examination of the osteoarthrotic defects in these two regions
      revealed distinct morphologic differences with respect to formation of
      chondrocyte clusters, tendency to regeneration, and proliferation reactions.
      Lectin binding experiments in normal articular cartilage revealed regional
      differences regarding the presence or absence of keratan sulfate in the
      extracellular matrix. The lack of keratan sulfate in tibial cartilage might
      reflect its tendency to degenerate spontaneously. It is therefore suggested that
      male STR/IN mice are particularly useful for studying two different types of
      osteoarthrosis, one due to a biomechanically induced instability (patellar
      luxation) and one due to biochemical changes (absence of keratan sulfate) of
      still unknown pathogenesis.

PMID- 3395384
TI  - Synovial lymphocyte response to chlamydial stimulation associated with
      intrasynovial chlamydial antigen in a patient with "rheumatoid arthritis".
AB  - A 48-year-old man with "rheumatoid arthritis" of 3 years duration was found to
      have synovial fluid lymphocytes that were maximally stimulated in vitro by
      chlamydial antigen, on 5 of 6 tests over 18 months. Immunocytochemical staining
      of a synovectomy specimen, using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique,
      subsequently revealed chlamydial antigen in the synovium. The possibility that
      Chlamydia in the synovium may produce features of rheumatoid arthritis is
      discussed.

PMID- 3395386
TI  - Bromocriptine suppresses postpartum exacerbation of collagen-induced arthritis.
AB  - We administered bromocriptine (Parlodel) to arthritic mice immediately
      postpartum, and found that the drug suppressed the clinical exacerbation of joint
      involvement that was seen in untreated animals. Approximately 50% reduction in
      severity of disease was achieved with bromocriptine (P less than 0.001). The
      effect may be due to suppression of the prolactin release that normally occurs
      postpartum.

PMID- 3395385
TI  - Clinical assessment of atlantoaxial instability using the Sharp-Purser test.
AB  - Anterior atlantoaxial subluxation is common in rheumatoid arthritis patients with
      involvement of the cervical spine. Sharp and Purser have described a test for the
      clinical assessment of this instability. We assessed the validity of the Sharp
      Purser test in 123 outpatients with rheumatoid arthritis. Our findings indicate a
      predictive value of 85% and a specificity of 96%. The sensitivity was 88% when
      subluxation was greater than 4 mm. Our results show that the Sharp-Purser test is
      a useful clinical examination to diagnose atlantoaxial instability.

PMID- 3395387
TI  - Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection mimicking systemic lupus erythematosus
      flare.

PMID- 3395388
TI  - Acute periarthritis in a patient with infectious mononucleosis.

PMID- 3395389
TI  - Mycobacterium terrae tenosynovitis.

PMID- 3395390
TI  - Old World spondylarthropathy: the gorilla connection.

PMID- 3395391
TI  - Report of a patient with camptodactyly, arthropathy, and epiphyseal dysplasia.

PMID- 3395393
TI  - Vadocaine hydrochloride. A novel antitussive compound.

PMID- 3395392
TI  - [New strategies in the search for drugs].
AB  - The development of selective, reliable and safe drugs turns out to be a very
      expensive and time consuming task. Supported by computer graphics, structural
      chemistry provides tools for the understanding of the drug-receptor interaction
      on a molecular level. As a prerequisite for these investigations, the structures
      of both the biochemical receptor and the drug must be experimentally determined
      or numerically simulated. Subsequently, the three dimensional geometry of the
      drug molecule can be modified to enable an optimal fit together with a high
      selectivity for the binding to the active site of the target receptor. Even
      without knowledge of the structure of the receptor, a particular class of
      compounds can be optimized by a systematic comparison of drug molecules which
      allows the elucidation of the pharmacophore pattern relevant to a certain action.

PMID- 3395394
TI  - Antitussive action of the new anilide derivative vadocaine hydrochloride compared
      with codeine phosphate in four animal models.
AB  - Vadocaine hydrochloride (2',4'-dimethyl-6'-methoxy-3-(2-methylpiperidyl)
      propionanilide hydrochloride, OR K-242-HCl; INN: vadocaine) is a novel
      antitussive compound structurally resembling local anaesthetics. Its antitussive
      profile was studied in several animal models. In guinea-pigs, vadocaine reduced
      by about 70% the cough episodes induced by sulphur dioxide or ammonia. The
      effective dose was 2.5 mg/kg p.o., and codeine phosphate was less effective. In
      cats, vadocaine (3 mg/kg i.v.) inhibited by about 80% for 10 min the cough reflex
      initiated by mechanical irritation of the trachea. When vadocaine was given via
      the vertebral artery, it was about 10 times more active than by the intravenous
      route. Codeine was 3 times as active as vadocaine by both routes. This result
      indicates an important central component in the antitussive action of vadocaine.
      In another cat model, 5 mg/kg of vadocaine was somewhat weaker than 1 mg/kg of
      codeine in inhibiting the cough caused by electrical stimulation of the laryngeal
      nerve (Domenjoz' method). In dogs, both oral and intravenous doses of 6 mg/kg of
      vadocaine and 2 mg/kg of codeine were approximately equiactive, inhibiting by 60
      80% the cough induced by electrical stimulation of the trachea. Concentrations of
      vadocaine in serum were around 1 microgram/ml during oral administration. By both
      routes, the antitussive activity (inhibition of cough by 50% or more) lasted at
      least 2 h. Vadocaine caused local anaesthesia in the guinea-pig wheal preparation
      at concentrations of 0.25% and 0.5%, and on the guinea-pig cornea at 0.5%.
      Duration of anaesthesia was longer than that of lidocaine. Vadocaine did not
      affect the guinea-pig tracheal strip preparation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3395395
TI  - Studies on the nonspecific central nervous system effects of the novel
      antitussive compound vadocaine hydrochloride.
AB  - Vadocaine hydrochloride (2',4'-dimethyl-6'-methoxy-3-(2-methylpiperidyl)
      propionanilide hydrochloride, OR K-242-HCl; INN: vadocaine) is a novel
      antitussive compound which is effective in several animal models at doses of 2.5
      6 mg/kg. It has both central and peripheral local anaesthetizing properties. The
      present studies were aimed at exploring the specificity of the central
      antitussive activity of vadocaine. Vadocaine administered in doses of 25 and 50
      mg/kg was not found to be effective in any of a series of experiments, although
      some antinociceptive activity was shown in the hotplate test and in the writhing
      test at a dose of 75 mg/kg. Some deteriorative activity was noted at a dose of 75
      mg/kg in tests measuring motor coordination (rotarod) and spontaneous motility.
      This high dose of vadocaine did not affect pentobarbital sodium-induced sleeping
      time nor protect the animal from pentetrazole-induced convulsions. As expected,
      codeine phosphate was found to be a more potent antinociceptive drug than
      vadocaine, also enhancing spontaneous motility. Both the control anaesthetics
      benzonatate and lidocaine proved rather ineffective. Benzonatate (50 mg/kg) did
      not alter any of the results, whereas lidocaine (50 mg/kg) caused a decrease in
      the number of writhings. In conclusion, vadocaine can be said to initiate minor
      deterioration of the central nervous system only at doses about 10 times higher
      than those which show antitussive activity. Acute lethal doses are still 2 to 5
      times higher. The central antitussive action of vadocaine can therefore be
      considered fairly specific.

PMID- 3395396
TI  - Comparison of the effects of two opioid antitussives, vadocaine hydrochloride,
      clobutinol and lidocaine on lung mechanics in guinea-pigs.
AB  - Intravenous administration of opioids, e.g. morphine and codeine, causes
      bronchoconstriction in animals and susceptible patients such as asthmatics.
      Therefore, the effects of two opioid antitussives (codeine and dextromethorphan),
      two non-opioid antitussives (vadocaine hydrochloride (2',4'-dimethyl-6'-methoxy-3
      (2-methylpiperidyl) propionanilide hydrochloride, OR K-242-HCl; INN: vadocaine)
      and clobutinol), and lidocaine on basal lung mechanics and methacholine (MeCh, 6
      micrograms/kg i.v.)-induced airway obstruction were investigated in anaesthetized
      guinea-pigs. Intravenous administration of codeine (10-20 mg/kg) produced a dual
      response in the airways; initial bronchoconstriction was followed by attenuation
      of the MeCh-response. Dextromethorphan (10 and 15 mg/kg) caused
      bronchoconstriction only. Both the opioids affected dynamic lung compliance
      (CDyn) more than lung resistance (RL). At doses between 1 and 20 mg/kg i.v.,
      vadocaine, clobutinol, and lidocaine had no obvious effect on the airways.
      Dextromethorphan and vadocaine, both at doses of 10 and 15 mg/kg, and clobutinol
      (15 and 20 mg/kg) caused irreversible bradycardia and hypotension, whereas
      codeine (5-20 mg/kg) increased blood pressure, and to a lesser extent heart rate.
      These results suggest that intravenous administration of an opioid antitussive
      influences the small peripheral airways more than the large airways, whether the
      opioid has euphoric analgesic properties or not. In contrast to this, non-opioid
      antitussives such as vadocaine and clobutinol are without effect. At large doses,
      all antitussives influence the cardiovascular system considerably.

PMID- 3395397
TI  - Cardiovascular and ventilator effects of vadocaine hydrochloride in urethane
      anaesthetized rats and guinea-pigs.
AB  - Urethane-anaesthetized rats and guinea-pigs were used to compare the
      cardiovascular, electrocardiac and ventilator effects of Vadocaine hydrochloride
      (2',4'-dimethyl-6'-methoxy-3-(2-methylpiperidyl)propionanilide+ ++ hydrochloride,
      OR K-242-HCl; INN: vadocaine), lidocaine hydrochloride and codeine phosphate. In
      rats, vadocaine and lidocaine, only at the largest dose tested (64 mumol/kg
      i.v.), reduced mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR) and ventilation rate
      (VR). Codeine reduced VR dose-dependently, MAP decreased only at the largest dose
      of 64 mumol/kg, and HR was not affected at the doses tested. In guinea-pigs,
      neither vadocaine nor lidocaine had any clear effects on MAP. HR was
      significantly reduced at the doses of 4 and 16 mumol/kg of vadocaine and 16 and
      64 mumol/kg of lidocaine. Vadocaine and lidocaine 16 mumol/kg i.v. caused a
      significant reduction in VR. Lidocaine 64 mumol/kg did not further reduce VR. The
      electrocardiac effects included prolongation of P-Q interval both in the
      vadocaine and lidocaine group. Prolongation of Q-Tc, deepening of Q and S,
      decrease in R amplitude, and inversion of T waves were seen only in the vadocaine
      group. To induce changes in the P-Q interval, four times less vadocaine than
      lidocaine was needed. The acute toxic dose of vadocaine in rats ranged from 64 to
      100 mumol/kg i.v.; lidocaine and codeine caused no lethalities in rats at the
      dose range 1-64 mumol/kg i.v. In guinea-pigs, the lethal dose of 64 mumol/kg i.v.
      produced AV blocks followed by asystole or ventricular fibrillation. At the dose
      of 64 mumol/kg i.v. of lidocaine 3 guinea-pigs out of 11 died.

PMID- 3395398
TI  - Comparative studies on the dependence liability of morphine hydrochloride,
      codeine phosphate and two novel antitussive compounds vadocaine hydrochloride and
      N-(2',4'-dimethyl-6'-methoxyphenyl)-4-(diethylamine) butanamide hydrochloride in
      mice.
AB  - The effects of two novel antitussive compounds, vadocaine hydrochloride (2',4'
      dimethyl-6'-methoxy-3-(2-methylpiperidyl)propionanilide+ ++ hydrochloride, OR K
      242-HCl; INN: vadocaine) and N-(2,4-dimethyl-6-methoxyphenyl)-4
      (diethylamine)butanamide hydrochloride (OR K-269-HCl) on the suppression of
      withdrawal signs (hypothermia and weight loss) induced by repeated morphine
      administration were compared to those of acute morphine and codeine
      administrations. Moreover, spontaneous and precipitated withdrawal-induced
      hypothermia, weight loss and behavioural changes from repeated codeine, vadocaine
      and OR K-269-HCl administrations were studied. Acute administration of morphine
      clearly reversed the hypothermia and weight loss induced by spontaneous
      withdrawal from morphine. Codeine was not able to suppress the hypothermia and
      weight loss induced by morphine withdrawal. Acute injections of vadocaine and OR
      K-269-HCl did not alter these withdrawal signs either. Moreover, acute
      administration of codeine tended to prevent the weight loss induced by codeine
      withdrawal and caused behavioural changes. Spontaneous or precipitated withdrawal
      from repeated vadocaine or OR K-269-HCl administration caused neither
      hypothermia, weight loss nor behavioural changes. These results support the view
      that compounds vadocaine and OR K-269-HCl are free from morphine-like addictive
      properties.

PMID- 3395399
TI  - Preliminary pharmacokinetics of the new antitussive compound vadocaine
      hydrochloride in animals.
AB  - The absorption and fate of vadocaine hydrochloride (2',4'-dimethyl-6'-methoxy-3
      (2-methylpiperidyl)propionanilide+ ++ hydrochloride, OR K-242-HCl; INN:
      vadocaine) was studied using both unlabelled compound (rabbits, rats and dogs)
      and tritium-labelled compound (rats). Although vadocaine was orally absorbed in
      dogs, no oral absorption was found in the rabbits. The elimination of the
      intravenously given compound was very fast (t1/2 only about 0.6 h in the
      rabbits). Most of the drug was metabolized both in rats and dogs. In rats, less
      than 0.2% of the compound was found intact in 24-h urine. In dogs, the 24-h
      recovery was 1-5% of the dose. After intravenous injection to rats, 43% of the
      radioactivity given as tritium-labelled vadocaine was recovered in urine and 19%
      in faeces. After oral dosing, 37% was recovered in urine and 31% in faeces.
      Hence, the total 7-day recovery of the radioactivity given as tritium-labelled
      vadocaine was 62-68% of the dose.

PMID- 3395400
TI  - Tissue distribution of the novel antitussive compound vadocaine hydrochloride in
      white female mice studied by whole-body autoradiography.
AB  - The tissue distribution of tritium-labelled vadocaine hydrochloride (2',4'
      dimethyl-6'-methoxy-3-(2-methylpiperidyl)propionanilide+ ++ hydrochloride, OR K
      242-HCl; INN: vadocaine) was studied in female mice by whole-body autoradiography
      at different times (15 min - 24 h) after intravenous injection. Radioactivity
      disappeared rapidly from blood and was fairly selectively localized in the liver,
      the gall bladder and the intestinal contents. Vadocaine is evidently metabolized
      in the liver and a remarkable part of the drug and its metabolites are excreted
      into the bile. Accumulation of radioactivity in the kidneys shows that also renal
      elimination is important. A considerable accumulation into the lungs supports the
      peripheral anaesthetizing mechanism in the antitussive action of vadocaine. No
      detectable penetration into the brain was seen. At 24 h, only traces of the
      radioactivity could be detected in the liver and lungs.

PMID- 3395401
TI  - First human studies on the safety and antitussive activity of vadocaine
      hydrochloride.
AB  - Vadocaine hydrochloride (2',4'-dimethyl-6'-methoxy-3-(2
      methylpiperidyl)propionanilide+ ++ hydrochloride, OR K-242-HCl; INN: vadocaine)
      is a new anilide derivative which resembles lidocaine in chemical structure. The
      safety and antitussive effects of this new compound were studied in 6 healthy
      male volunteers in the first Phase I clinical trial. Vadocaine was administered
      in single doses of 5, 10, 15, 20, 30 and 50 mg. At these dose levels vadocaine
      had no effects on the cardiovascular system, the haematological variables, blood
      biochemistry or urinary sediment examined as safety evaluation. The antitussive
      properties of the compound were studied using inhaled citric acid for induction
      of the cough response. The antitussive properties of vadocaine were most
      effective at a dose of 15 mg, although no statistical significance was found.
      Neither was any dose-response relationship noted. However, at this dose level
      vadocaine is apparently safe and its antitussive properties seem promising enough
      for further evaluation.

PMID- 3395403
TI  - Assessment of the antitussive effect of vadocaine hydrochloride using citric acid
      induced cough in healthy volunteers.
AB  - Vadocaine hydrochloride (2',4'-dimethyl-6'-methoxy-3-(2
      methylpiperidyl)propionanilide+ ++ hydrochloride, OR K-242-HCl; INN: vadocaine)
      is a novel compound with potent antitussive and local anaesthetic action. The
      antitussive profile of this compound was evaluated in 40 healthy volunteers in
      double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over study design using inhaled citric
      acid a cough inducer. In Part I, vadocaine was compared in 20 healthy volunteers
      at two dose levels (10 and 30 mg) with codeine phosphate (50 mg) and a placebo.
      In part II, vadocaine (30 mg) and a placebo were compared in 20 healthy
      volunteers. In Part I, no statistically significant differences were found
      between the 3 compounds tested. However, statistically significant rises from the
      pre-dose value in the cough threshold stimulus level were observed following 10
      and 30 mg doses of vadocaine. Neither codeine phosphate nor the placebo produced
      any statistically significant change in the cough threshold stimulus level. In
      Part II, vadocaine at a dose of 30 mg dose was found to be a potent antitussive
      with a statistically significant difference (p less than 0.0001) as compared with
      the placebo. The maximum cough threshold stimulus level was achieved 2 h after
      administration and was 72.6% higher than at pre-dose. With the placebo the cough
      threshold stimulus level also rose to some extent after 4 h, although the change
      was not statistically significant. The use of inhaled citric acid in graded
      concentrations for induction of the cough response was found to be a reliable
      method when the baseline cough threshold stimulus level is maintained within
      narrow limits throughout the entire study population.

PMID- 3395402
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of graded single doses of the novel antitussive compound
      vadocaine hydrochloride in healthy male volunteers.
AB  - Vadocaine hydrochloride (2',4'-dimethyl-6'-methoxy-3-(2
      methylpiperidyl)propionanilide+ ++ hydrochloride, OR K-242-HCl; INN: vadocaine)
      is an anilide derivative with antitussive and local anaesthetic properties. The
      pharmacokinetics of this new compound were studied in two Phase I clinical trials
      during safety evaluation. 6 (Part I) and 8 (Part II) healthy male volunteers
      participated in these studies. The pharmacokinetics were studied after single
      oral doses of 5, 10, 15, 20, 30 and 50 mg (Part I) and 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500
      mg (Part II) of vadocaine in aqueous solution. Vadocaine was rapidly absorbed at
      each dose level. The AUCo----infinity value and 24-h urinary recovery of intact
      compound increased linearly as functions of the dose. The elimination half-life
      varied from 2.2 +/- 0.2 h to 3.7 +/- 1.6 h in a dose range from 5 to 50 mg, and
      from 2.7 +/- 0.3 h to 4.0 +/- 1.0 h in a dose range from 100 to 500 mg. The peak
      concentration of vadocaine after the highest dose was 2317.3 +/- 31.5 ng/ml at 1
      h. When higher doses were used renal clearance did not change, although total
      body clearance seemed to diminish. Over 90% of vadocaine is metabolized, and the
      metabolic pathways may become saturated at a dose of 400 mg.

PMID- 3395404
TI  - Assessment of the safety margin of vadocaine hydrochloride in man.
AB  - Vadocaine hydrochloride (2',4'-dimethyl-6'-methoxy-3-(2
      methylpiperidyl)propionanilide+ ++ hydrochloride, OR K-242-HCl; INN: vadocaine)
      is an anilide derivative with antitussive and local anaesthetic action. The
      safety of this new compound was studied in 8 healthy male volunteers in a Phase I
      clinical trial. Vadocaine was administered orally as a single dose of 50, 100,
      200, 300, 400 and 500 mg. At the two highest dose levels used, 400 and 500 mg,
      vadocaine induced side-effects originating in the central nervous system; ECG
      analysis revealed small prolongations in the P-Q interval and QRS complex after
      400 and 500 mg. At a dose of 500 mg the P-Q interval was prolonged by a maximum
      of 38% (184 ms at 0.5 h; 134 ms pre-dose). The compound had no effect on blood
      and urinary parameters measured for safety evaluation. On the basis of these
      results, a 300 mg dose of vadocaine appears to be safe in man in all respects.
      This dose level is 10 times the therapeutic dose (30 mg). Vadocaine is
      sufficiently safe for future clinical trials in patients with cough.

PMID- 3395405
TI  - [Chemonucleolysis or herniotomy; results from a comparative study in patients
      with lumbar nucleus pulposus hernia].

PMID- 3395406
TI  - Biliary lathosterol and other cholesterol precursor sterols are increased in
      patients with ileal exclusion.
AB  - The human bile contains several noncholesterol sterols, of which the cholesterol
      precursor sterols are quantitatively the most important. Detailed data on factors
      that regulate the amount of these sterols in the bile have not been available. In
      this study the effect of chronic stimulation of cholesterol synthesis on biliary
      cholesterol precursor sterol content was evaluated by measuring these sterols in
      the bile and plasma of familial hypercholesterolemia patients with and without
      ileal exclusion. In the operated patients cholesterol synthesis was fivefold
      increased, and cholesterol precursor sterols comprised 7% of the biliary sterols,
      compared with 2% in the control patients. All eight biliary cholesterol precursor
      sterols measured were significantly increased in the operated patients, and the
      increase was similar to that of respective sterols in plasma. Hence, the biliary
      methyl sterols were increased 2 to 4 times, the lathosterols 5 times, but
      demosterol only 1.5 times. The proportion of lathosterol was higher and that of
      lanosterol lower in the bile of the operated than in that of the control
      patients. We conclude that activation of cholesterol synthesis increases the
      amount of cholesterol precursor sterols in the bile in proportion to the increase
      of these sterols in plasma and to the overall cholesterol synthesis.

PMID- 3395408
TI  - Oncocytic papilloma of the maxillary sinus. A rare and recurrent tumor.
AB  - A case of oncocytic schneiderian papilloma of the maxillary sinus arising in a 76
      year old man is reported. This particular type of papilloma is rare and is often
      misdiagnosed for some benign or even malignant lesions. Microscopic features are
      shown and ultrastructural data are emphasized. The clinical course of this lesion
      is briefly reviewed with the treatment.

PMID- 3395407
TI  - Primitive malignant lymphomas of bone. Study of 14 cases.
AB  - Between 1953 and 1956, 54 cases of bone tumors initially diagnosed as reticulum
      cell sarcoma, lymphosarcoma and malignant lymphoma were found in the file of
      Department of Pathology at A.C. Camargo Hospital. After review of patients'
      charts, slides and immunohistochemical study only 14 were admitted in the study
      as primary lymphoma of bone. 11 were of high grade malignancy (8 centroblastic, 1
      multilobated cell type, 1 immunoblastic and 1 lymphoblastic) and 3 were of low
      grade malignancy according to the Kiel classification. No case of true
      histiocytic sarcoma was found.

PMID- 3395409
TI  - [Compression of the cauda equina due to extramedullary hematopoiesis].
AB  - A 48 year-old patient with a myelosclerosis was operated from a cauda equina
      compression which had been revealed by bilateral sciatica. The epidural space was
      filled with extra-medullary hematopoietic tissue. The mechanism of epidural
      hematopoiesis is discussed.

PMID- 3395410
TI  - [Angiosarcoma of the breast associated with contralateral carcinoma. Apropos of a
      case report].
AB  - One case of angiosarcoma of the right breast and concomitant controlateral
      carcinoma in a fifty nine year old woman is described. Clinical and pathological
      particularities of this case are shortly discussed. In spite of very poor
      reputation associated with angiosarcoma, size of the two lesions (less than 2 cm)
      and their good differentiation suggests a favourable prognosis.

PMID- 3395412
TI  - A simple distraction technique for ankle arthroscopy.

PMID- 3395411
TI  - [Drilling biopsy of the breast. Sampling technic, indications and limitations].
AB  - Drill biopsy of the breast performed on an out-patient basis, provides rapid
      histological diagnosis and hormonal receptor assay. Increasing indications of
      breast carcinoma conservative treatment will enlarge its utilisation.

PMID- 3395413
TI  - Symptomatic, lateral synovial fringe (plica) of the elbow joint.
AB  - A series of patients with elbow symptoms suggesting intraarticular loose body(s)
      is presented. The symptoms included aching, stiffness, intermittent loss of
      motion, and catching. The clinical picture was seen in individuals without
      significant antecedent trauma. Arthroscopy in each case failed to demonstrate the
      anticipated loose body but did demonstrate a fibrotic synovial fringe that
      impinged between the radial head and the capitellum on repetitious elbow flexion
      and extension, particularly with the forearm in pronation. Arthroscopic excision
      of the fringe led to prompt recovery.

PMID- 3395414
TI  - Localized pigmented villonodular synovitis of the knee: diagnosis and
      arthroscopic resection.

PMID- 3395415
TI  - The use of a pulse oximeter for the monitoring of digital pulse during shoulder
      arthroscopy.

PMID- 3395416
TI  - Hand instrumentation for small joint arthroscopy.
AB  - This is the second in a series of articles on arthroscopy of small joints. Hand
      instrumentation for small joint arthroscopy has been adapted from instruments
      previously developed for large joint arthroscopy. They have been downsized and
      altered for use in the smaller confines of joints such as the radiocarpal,
      temperomandibular, and midcarpal articulations. Although smaller, the instruments
      must remain strong and easy to use. Each instrument should perform a simple
      function. Their shape must conform to the joint and they should be smooth to
      minimize the risk of articular cartilage damage. We have found several
      instruments that have been helpful in arthroscopic surgery of the wrist.

PMID- 3395417
TI  - Abstracts: annual meeting of the Arthroscopy Association of North America.
      Washington, D.C., March 24-27, 1988.

PMID- 3395418
TI  - Use of electrocautery for performing lateral retinacular release using the
      Concept electrode.

PMID- 3395419
TI  - Arthroscopic synovectomy of the knee joint: indication, technique, and follow-up
      results.
AB  - Between 1981 and 1986, at the Orthopaedic Clinic of the University of Dusseldorf,
      arthroscopic synovectomy of the knee was performed on 59 joints in 56 patients.
      The follow-up examination covered 45 knee joints in 43 patients (18 female and 27
      male patients). The follow-up results, taken at an average of 2.7 years after the
      arthroscopic synovectomy, have up to now been good and equal to those achieved
      using the conventional technique. In this experience, arthroscopic synovectomy is
      a surgical procedure that places less strain on the patient in the early
      postoperative healing period. An arthrotomy was no longer required in the
      hypertrophic synovial diseases treated during this time. Fibroarthrosis, not
      uncommon after conventional arthrotomy, did not occur. Only a few stab incisions
      were necessary to reach all--in particular the posterior--knee-joint cavities.
      Postoperative pain was markedly reduced from a preoperative level of 16.6 points
      (47%) (35 maximum points possible, or 100%) to a level of 29.5 points (84%) at
      follow-up. Patients who experienced an open synovectomy previously in the other
      knee now favor the arthroscopic procedure. The majority of the patients had a
      range of motion between 0 and 120 degrees within the first 2 weeks after surgery.
      Swelling disappeared from a preoperative score of 2.9 points (19%) (15 maximal
      points possible, or 100%) to 12.2 points (81%). Subjectively, 78% of the patients
      were satisfied with the result of arthroscopic synovectomy, 7% considered the
      procedure a partial success, and 15% were dissatisfied.

PMID- 3395420
TI  - The classification and treatment of acute articular cartilage lesions.
AB  - Sixty-five articular cartilage knee lesions were diagnosed by arthroscopy over a
      5-year period, and classified according to the age, the size, the depth, and the
      location of the lesion. The purpose of this study was to evaluate surgical
      outcome of a standardized treatment regimen consisting of complete vertical
      excision of diseased or injured articular cartilage followed by drilling of the
      subchondral bone plate. A standardized postoperative rehabilitation protocol was
      used, which included non-weight bearing for eight weeks. Overall clinical results
      at two years revealed 69% good, 3% fair, and 28% poor knees. Seventy-one percent
      of patients underwent follow-up arthroscopy at 1 year and 57% consented to
      biopsy. Retrospective analysis revealed that the group with the best prognosis
      consisted of small-to-medium acute partial thickness lesions on the weight
      bearing portion of the femoral condyles. Ninety-five percent of this group had
      good results.

PMID- 3395421
TI  - Retrotendinous calcification of the infrapatellar tendon: unusual cause of
      anterior knee pain syndrome.
AB  - Bilateral anterior knee pain is a common presentation to the orthopaedist.
      Correct diagnosis is based on careful history and physical examination aided by
      proper radiographs. Erroneous diagnosis may lead to improper treatment. This
      report describes a case of bilateral anterior knee pain syndrome of 3 years'
      duration. The teenaged patient was believed to be suffering from seronegative
      rheumatoid arthritis. Her pain persisted despite numerous antirheumatoid
      medications as well as a single injection of steroids into each infrapatellar
      tendon. The management of her case by means of arthroscopic surgical intervention
      is described.

PMID- 3395422
TI  - Knee arthroscopy using local anesthetic.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness and safety of local
      anesthetics (a mixture of lidocaine and bupivacaine) in knee arthroscopy. Local
      anesthetic agents were shown to be effective and safe, based on chart review and
      measurement of blood levels of the anesthetic drugs.

PMID- 3395423
TI  - Washout of local anesthetic during arthroscopy.
AB  - The recommended dose of lidocaine is often insufficient to obtain adequate local
      anesthesia when performing knee arthroscopy, particularly in bilateral
      procedures. A prospective study was conducted to identify the quantity of
      anesthetic washed out of the knee by irrigation solution. Fourteen patients had
      knee arthroscopy performed with local anesthetic, either for diagnosis or
      reparative surgery. Anesthesia was obtained using 20 ml of 0.5% lidocaine
      injected intraarticularly at the beginning of each procedure, augmented in four
      cases by an additional 20 ml of 0.5% lidocaine during the procedure. Each of
      three portals was also infiltrated with bupivacaine 0.25% with epinephrine.
      Analysis of the normal saline effluent from knee irrigation during the procedure
      revealed that washout of lidocaine was 50% by weight (range, 42-66%). This
      percentage did not vary with age, operative time, or quantity of irrigation. We
      conclude that: (a) safe local anesthesia can be obtained in the average patient
      with less than the maximum dose of lidocaine, and (b) because of the 50% washout,
      the safe dose of lidocaine can be increased substantially if needed.

PMID- 3395424
TI  - The prognosis of repaired and intact menisci in unstable knees--a comparative
      study.
AB  - We performed a follow-up study of 40 patients, 6 women and 34 men, all of whom
      had tears of the anterior cruciate ligament that were repaired. These patients
      were divided into two groups of matched pairs, 20 patients each. Those in Group I
      also had tears of the meniscus that were sutured, and in Group II the meniscus
      was intact. At the minimum of a 6-year follow-up, all knees were unstable despite
      the cruciate ligament repair, but 85% of the menisci were intact. There was no
      significant difference in the retear rate between those that were sutured and
      those that were intact initially. The high incidence of intact menisci at follow
      up was attributed at least in part to the fact that these patients reduced their
      level of physical activity. We concluded that a healed tear of the meniscus has
      the same chance of survival in an unstable knee as an intact meniscus. The
      limiting factor is the grade of instability and the activity level of the
      patient.

PMID- 3395425
TI  - Classification or treatment of degenerative-type lesions of the knee involving
      one compartment or another.

PMID- 3395426
TI  - Chondral lesions of the femoral condyles: a system of arthroscopic
      classification.
AB  - Based on a study of 167 chondral lesions in 140 knees, six different types of
      lesions confined to the articular cartilage of the femoral condyles are
      recognized. They are: type I, linear crack; type II, stellate fracture; type III,
      flap; type IV, crater; type V, fibrillated; and type VI, degrading. The weight
      bearing parts of the surfaces are the site of predilection in most cases. The
      mechanism behind the injuries is discussed, with types I-IV probably of acute
      traumatic origin, and types V and VI associated with degenerative processes.

PMID- 3395427
TI  - Technique of retrograde coronary sinus cardioplegia.

PMID- 3395428
TI  - Surgical treatment of post radiotherapy lymphedema.

PMID- 3395429
TI  - Inducement test in cow's milk allergy.
AB  - Results of practical tests with whole milk and the three most allergenic proteins
      were compared in 32 children who were suspected of showing allergy to milk.
      Diagnosis was composed of a suggestive clinical history, familial atopy, positive
      in vitro and in vivo tests and regression of symptoms under an exclusion diet.
      Tests of re-introduction were done with 11 children. Better agreement between the
      provocation tests and the other elements of the diagnosis was found when the
      tests were made with the fractions, rather than whole milk. Furthermore, the
      finding of reduced allergy to casein allows consideration of re-introduction of
      milk in the form of cheese.

PMID- 3395431
TI  - Soy sensitivity: personal observation on 71 children with food intolerance.
AB  - The controversies on the use of soy milk as a substitute in cow's milk
      intolerance prompted us to study: the incidence of soy sensitivity in a pediatric
      population (71 children, mean age 5.9 years, 45 boys and 26 girls) with food
      intolerance: the influence of a prior soy milk feeding on soy sensitivity: the
      relationship between soy, cow's milk and seed allergy. The patients were
      subdivided in two groups, one of atopic patients (50 subjects, 28 of which
      previously fed soy) and the other of non atopic patients (21 subjects, 12 of
      which previously fed soy). In the atopic group prick and RAST gave positive
      results to soy in 46% of case, with no difference between subjects fed soy and
      not. There was a relationship between any and peanut RAST in 82%; between soy and
      pea in 70%; between soy and cow's milk in 27% of cases. Soy milk challenge was
      positive in 10 out of 58 children (6 atopic and 4 non atopic); 4 our of 21 atopic
      patients with a cow's milk intolerance had a positive soy milk challenge: 3 of 10
      non atopic patients with cow's milk intolerance were reactive to soy too. 77% of
      atopic and 90% of non atopic children were responsive both to seeds and soy. It
      can be concluded that soy sensitivity is rather rare in patients with food
      intolerance (17.2% of cases) and is not correlated with cow's milk intolerance
      while is significantly correlated with seeds allergy; there is no difference
      between atopic and non atopic subjects and between patients previously fed soy
      and never fed soy.

PMID- 3395430
TI  - Immediate reactions following challenge-tests in children with atopic dermatitis.
AB  - It has been shown that atopic dermatitis improves in children when certain foods
      are eliminated from the diet. Because of the unreliability of the history and the
      low sensibility of the total and specific IgE and skin tests, at present the
      elimination-provocation test is the most definitive means to establish which are
      the offending food(s). Although many authors claim that reactions following the
      challenge test in atopic dermatitis are only of the delayed type, others assert
      that immediate reactions are frequent and can sometimes threaten life. The
      pathogenesis of such reactions is not yet completely understood. However, it has
      been suggested that a direct IgE-mediated mechanism, inducing a release of
      anaphylactic mediators, could play some role. The aim of our study is to
      investigate the incidence of immediate reactions which can follow the food
      challenge in children with atopic dermatitis who have never experienced such
      reactions and, in addition, to investigate the reliability of total and specific
      IgE and skin tests in predicting immediate reactions after the challenge test.
      Our preliminary data indicate that immediate reactions following food challenge
      are frequent. Moreover they can be severe and cannot be predicted by the history,
      by the total and specific IgE levels and by the skin tests' results.

PMID- 3395432
TI  - [Infection by human immunodeficiency virus in Mexican children].

PMID- 3395433
TI  - [Determination of blood levels of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in newborn infants
      with and without hypocalcemia. Preliminary report].

PMID- 3395434
TI  - [New home-made formula for oral hydration].

PMID- 3395435
TI  - [Conditioning and determining factors in the incidence of the "baby-bottle
      syndrome"].

PMID- 3395436
TI  - [AIDS: clinical behavior of the disease in infants].

PMID- 3395437
TI  - Visual field in dark-reared cats after an extended period of recovery.
AB  - The visual field of dark-reared cats was behaviourally measured after several
      years of recovery in a normal environment. A reduction of the visual field was
      observed and affected the contralateral field as well as the ipsilateral field
      when tested in monocular viewing. The longer the deprivation period, the more
      reduced was the visual field. Our results suggest that binocular deprivation
      might have stabilized the visual system in an immature state.

PMID- 3395438
TI  - Attenuation of neophobia and conditioned taste aversion in the rabbit.
AB  - The phenomenon of taste neophobia to apple juice does exist in the rabbit. It was
      found that malic acid was the main stimulus source. Attenuation of taste
      neophobia was due to neuronal processes which took place between rather than
      during drinking sessions. Conditioned taste aversion learning took place if
      apomorphine was injected after apple juice intake.

PMID- 3395439
TI  - Recovery from early cortical damage in rats. IV. Effects of hemidecortication at
      1, 5 or 10 days of age on cerebral anatomy and behavior.
AB  - Rats with complete removal of the neocortex of one hemisphere in adulthood
      (hemidecorticate) were compared behaviorally and anatomically with rats with
      similar removals at 1, 5, or 10 days of age. There was an unexpected relationship
      between cortical thickness in adulthood and age at surgery: the earlier the
      lesion the thicker the cortex. At the two extremes rats hemidecorticated in
      adulthood had a reduction of up to 10% in the contralateral hemisphere, rats with
      hemidecortications on the day of birth had cortex that was thicker than adult
      operates. Behaviorally, the animals were administered several tests including a
      spatial navigation task, tests of beam walking and swimming, tests of turning
      bias, and a measure of claw cutting. The main finding was that although the
      hemidecortication at all ages produced a reliable behavioral change on all
      measures, the neonatal hemidecorticates performed better than the adults.
      Further, the earlier the lesion, the better the animals performed. These results
      are contrasted with the effects of bilateral frontal or parietal neocortical
      removals in infancy where the earliest lesions have the most severe effect on
      cortical thickness and behavior. This comparison shows that unilaterality of
      brain damage is an important factor in predicting recovery or sparing of function
      from early lesions.

PMID- 3395440
TI  - Constraints on water maze spatial learning in rats: implications for behavioral
      studies of brain damage and recovery of function.
AB  - In an effort to develop spatial learning tasks not requiring food or water
      deprivation for use in studies of recovery of function after brain damage, T-maze
      spatial alternation learning was examined in intact rats using water maze swim
      escape procedures. Consistent with previous studies, rewarded spatial alternation
      involving food or water deprivation was readily learned by intact rats. However,
      none of the groups of rats trained in the swim-escape tasks learned to alternate
      goal arm choices in the water maze at reliable rates. This was true regardless of
      whether non-correction or correction procedures were used, and regardless of
      intertrial delay intervals. Although average alternation rates over sessions did
      increase from chance levels, the majority of the rats did not reach criterion
      levels, even with as many as 38 consecutive days of testing. In contrast, a
      conditional spatial alternation task in the water maze, using a win-shift
      procedure, was readily learned. Surprisingly, a win-stay version of this
      conditional spatial task was not learned over 21 days of testing. These
      unexpected constraints on spatial learning and memory processes in rats cannot be
      attributed simply to failure of spatial information processing, nor to strict
      limitations on working memory in swim-escape tasks, since excellent spatial
      navigation abilities have been documented, and mastery of at least some working
      memory tasks have now been demonstrated in swim-escape tasks.

PMID- 3395441
TI  - Housing conditions modulate the effects of intracerebral grafts in rats with
      brain lesions.
AB  - The aim of this study was to examine whether the behavioural effects of
      intracerebral grafts in rats with brain lesions can be modulated by postoperative
      housing conditions. Sixty-six young adult female rats were used. Twenty-two rats
      were sham-operated (S) and 44 rats sustained a complete aspirative lesion (L) of
      the fimbria-fornix and overlying tissue. The cavity was used in half the rats as
      the implantation site for solid fetal septal transplants (LT). Two days later,
      half the rats of each group were housed in an 'enriched' condition (S.EC, L.EC
      and LT.EC); the other half remained in standard condition (S.SC, L.SC and LT.SC).
      Two and 10 months later, the rats were tested in a Hebb-Williams maze. Two months
      after surgery, there was a highly significant lesion effect, no graft effect and
      no environmental effect except in S rats, S.EC rats making fewer initial errors
      than S.SC rats. Ten months after surgery, L rats still made more errors than S
      rats and S.EC rats made fewer initial errors than S.SC rats; however, the lesion
      induced deficits were significantly attenuated in LT.EC rats, but not in LT.SC
      rats. These data show that both the enriched environment and the implant were
      unable alone to promote behavioural recovery but, applied together, they reduced
      the lesion-induced deficits. Dorsal hippocampus acetylcholinesterase (AChE)
      staining intensity was reduced by the lesions, but this reduction was partially
      compensated for by the grafts; however, environmental conditions did not affect
      AChE-staining significantly. This latter observation suggests that the graft
      derived partial cholinergic reinnervation of the hippocampus probably does not
      underly the behavioural improvement observed only in LT.EC rats.

PMID- 3395442
TI  - Effect of isolation on dopaminergic agonist-induced penile erections and
      stretching and yawning in male rats.
AB  - Adult male rats reared in social isolation for 28 +/- 2 days were compared with
      animals housed in groups and pairs for frequency of penile erection (PE) and
      stretching and yawning (SY) elicited by dopaminergic (DA) autoreceptorial doses
      of B-HT 920 and n-N-propylnorapomorphine (NPA). PE and SY were consistently lower
      in the isolated group with respect to the other two groups, which did not differ
      significantly. The present experiments show the importance of housing conditions
      in modulating behavioural responses to DA agonists, a result that was confirmed
      when adult male rats, isolated or paired immediately after weaning until the day
      of tests (56 +/- 2 days), were treated with B-HT 920. In this case, however, not
      only isolated but also paired rats differed from grouped rats of the same age in
      their response to B-HT 920.

PMID- 3395443
TI  - Functional mapping of the brainstem during centrally evoked bradycardia: a 2
      deoxyglucose study.
AB  - Autoradiographic 2-deoxy-[14C] glucose (2-DG) procedures were used to map the
      functional activity of the brainstem during bradycardia elicited in awake rats by
      stimulation of the deep mesencephalic nucleus of the midbrain reticular formation
      (MRF). Quantitative determinations of 2-DG uptake in 46 brainstem structures of
      MRF-stimulated rats were compared to those of control rats without stimulation.
      This paper is the first 2-DG study to map the brainstem structures involved in a
      heart rate response evoked by central stimulation. The structures activated in
      the midbrain, caudal to the stimulation site, are part of the reticular formation
      and the central gray. The greater focuses of labeling were concentrated on the
      lateral aspects of the deep mesencephalic nucleus and on the lateral divisions of
      the midbrain central gray. The remaining structures activated during bradycardia
      were all located in the caudal medulla. The largest increase was observed in the
      caudal nucleus ambiguus. Significant increases were also found in the dorsal
      motor nucleus of vagus and in the nucleus of the solitary tract. The region of
      the caudal inferior olive showed a small increase in 2-DG uptake, whereas
      structures like the raphe magnus and parvocellular reticular nucleus showed a
      tendency to reduce 2-DG uptake levels in the stimulated rat. It was concluded
      that bradycardia induced centrally by MRF stimulation may be mediated by well
      defined brainstem descending pathways, direct and indirect, between the activated
      regions of the midbrain and the various medullary nuclei known to induce
      bradycardia upon electrical stimulation. The results suggest that the midbrain
      central gray and reticular formation may play a role as intermediates in an
      indirect hypothalamus-medullary circuitry for bradycardia. In addition,
      descending MRF information and afferent baroreceptor inputs appear to exert their
      inhibitory influences on heart rate via a common set of neuroanatomical
      substrates in the medulla.

PMID- 3395444
TI  - Hippocampal system dysfunction and odor discrimination learning in rats:
      impairment or facilitation depending on representational demands.
AB  - The performance of normal rats and that of rats with hippocampal system damage
      were compared on acquisition of different versions of the same two-odor
      discrimination task that placed different encoding and representational demands
      on memory. Rats with fornix lesions were impaired when explicit comparisons among
      multiple odor cues and differential response choices were encouraged. However,
      when odor-cue comparison was hindered and explicit cues for response choice were
      eliminated, rats with fornix lesions out performed normal animals. The results
      support an hypothesis that the hippocampal system is critical to a memory
      representation based on encoding relations among multiple percepts, and other
      brain systems support performance adaptations based on encodings of stimuli
      individually.

PMID- 3395445
TI  - Developmental change in the access to olfactory memories.
AB  - Memory for a learned odor preference can be functionally confined to one side of
      the brain in 6-day-old rat pups by preferentially stimulating a single naris and
      corresponding olfactory bulb during training. We report here that this form of
      unilateral learning is present only during the first postnatal week; older pups
      show bilateral recall of unilateral olfactory experience. The maturation of
      bilateral learning probably depends on the postnatal growth and development of
      olfactory commissural fibers, because infantlike unilateral learning and memory
      is reinstated when these commissural fibers are sectioned before training in
      older pups. Section of commissural fibers after training also resulted in
      unilateral preferences. This latter finding indicates that the learned odor
      preference of older pups tested with the untrained naris open depends on access
      to unilaterally stored memories on the contralateral side, access provided by the
      newly developed commissural projections.

PMID- 3395446
TI  - Hippocampal and amygdaloid involvement in working memory for nonspatial stimuli.
AB  - Hippocampal lesions in rats lead to an impairment of performance in spatial
      delayed conditional discriminations. The effect of such lesions on nonspatial
      tasks is controversial. In monkeys, both the hippocampus and the amygdala are
      involved in nonspatial delayed conditional discriminations. The effect of
      amygdaloid lesions in rats on this type of task has not been studied. To clarify
      the role of hippocampus and amygdala in a cue-relevant/space-irrelevant delayed
      conditional discrimination, rats were trained on a delayed match-to-sample task
      with visual and tactile cues as discriminative stimuli. Rats were then given one
      of five lesions: control, complete fimbria-fornix, partial fimbria-fornix,
      complete amygdala, or partial amygdala. Amygdaloid lesions, partial or complete,
      did not impair choice accuracy. Fimbria-fornix lesions did impair choice
      accuracy, and the magnitude and duration of the impairment was a function of the
      size of the lesion. Partial fimbria-fornix lesions produced a slight impairment
      that disappeared with continued testing. Complete fimbria-fornix lesions produced
      chance performance throughout postoperative testing. These results indicate that
      the fimbria-fornix, but not the amygdala, is involved in nonspatial delayed match
      to-sample.

PMID- 3395447
TI  - Exploratory behavior and reaction to novelty in rats with hippocampal perforant
      path systems disrupted.
AB  - In this article, exploratory behavior and reaction to novelty were investigated
      in rats with either disruption of the total hippocampal perforant path projection
      (TPP), the medial perforant path (MPP), or lateral perforant path (LPP). All
      three experimental groups displayed increased locomotor activity, and the LPP
      group was even more active than the TPP and MPP groups. The TPP and LPP animals
      made more rearings than the control rats. The MPP and LPP groups exhibited less
      exploration of familiar objects than the TPP and control groups. TPP animals
      appeared unable to recognize novelty, LPP rats showed decreased preference for
      novelty, and MPP rats had only a slight deficit in recognition of novelty. It is
      suggested that perforant path disruptions reduce the hippocampal formation's
      access to sensory information of neocortical origin.

PMID- 3395448
TI  - Axon-sparing lesions of the preoptic region and substantia innominata disrupt
      maternal behavior in rats.
AB  - In this study we investigated the effects of axon-sparing lesions of the preoptic
      region on the maternal behavior of postpartum rats. The lesions were produced
      with the excitotoxic amino acid N-methyl-D,L-aspartic acid (NMA). The first
      experiment determined that bilateral injections of NMA into the medial preoptic
      area (MPOA) of fully maternal lactating rats disrupted maternal behavior. In a
      second experiment, bilateral injections of NMA into the lateral preoptic area and
      adjoining substantia innominata (LP/SI region) also disrupted maternal behavior.
      A third experiment, employing horseradish peroxidase histochemistry, provided
      anatomical evidence that NMA destroys neuronal cell bodies while sparing fibers
      of passage. These findings were discussed with respect to the view that an MPOA
      to-LP/SI-to-ventral tegmental area circuit underlies maternal behavior in the
      rat.

PMID- 3395449
TI  - Role of the posterior parietal association cortex in the processing of spatial
      event information.
AB  - Humans and monkeys with damage to the parietal association cortex (PC) exhibit
      deficits on visual-spatial tasks that are often dependent upon the attentional
      requirements of the task at hand. In order to test whether there is a
      correspondence between humans and rats in terms of the function of PC in the
      processing of spatial information, separate groups of rats were trained in two
      list-learning tasks, a win-stay task and a win-shift task, on an eight-arm radial
      maze. It is assumed that these two tasks vary in degree of required attention
      effort, because the win-shift rule is considerably easier for the rat to learn
      than the win-stay rule. One group of animals in each condition was given
      preoperative training before receiving bilateral aspiration lesions of PC.
      Another group in each condition received PC lesions prior to training. The
      results indicated that animals with PC lesions are unable to acquire either the
      win-stay or the win-shift rule. However, of the animals with preoperative
      training, only the win-stay trained animals were deleteriously affected by the
      brain lesion. The win-shift animals showed no postoperative decline in
      performance. Because rats with PC lesions are only impaired on the more demanding
      spatial task, these results are consistent with the human clinical observations.

PMID- 3395450
TI  - Enkephalin hydrolysis in plasma is highly correlated with escape performance in
      the rat.
AB  - A very high correlation was found in rats between latency to escape on the first
      trial of an active avoidance task and the rate at which [leu]enkephalin is
      hydrolyzed in plasma. In addition, the rate of [leu]enkephalin hydrolysis is
      significantly altered following the first training trial. The results suggest
      that a regulatory enzyme system exists for [leu]enkephalin in plasma and that
      this system may be important for modulating behavior.

PMID- 3395451
TI  - Hyperstriatal lesions and classical conditioning in the pigeon.
AB  - In two experiments, pigeons with bilateral lesions of the hyperstriatum were
      compared with unoperated control birds and operated control subjects having
      bilateral lesions of the neostriatum on tasks designed to test two hypotheses of
      hyperstriatal function. In Experiment 1, hyperstriatal lesions impaired both the
      acquisition and maintenance of autoshaped responding as well as maintenance
      responding in response-omission training. In Experiment 2, hyperstriatal birds
      displayed depressed levels of responding relative to control birds on a classical
      go-no-go alternation schedule. These results support the view that hyperstriatal
      selectively disrupt classical conditioning and go against the view that
      hyperstriatal lesions exaggerate perseverative responding. A surprising aspect of
      the results was the performance of the operated control subjects that showed
      better performance in the acquisition of autoshaping and superior differentiation
      on the go-no-go schedule compared with the unoperated control birds.

PMID- 3395452
TI  - Sound localization and use of binaural cues by the gerbil (Meriones
      unguiculatus).
AB  - Noise-localization thresholds and the ability to localize pure tones at 60
      degrees separation were determined for gerbils. The gerbils were trained using a
      two-choice procedure with observing response in which the gerbils made a left or
      right response to sounds emanating from their left or right side in order to
      obtain food. The average 75% correct localization threshold of 7 gerbils for a
      100-ms noise burst was 27 degrees with chance performance (p greater than .01)
      reached at 12 degrees. The ability of 4 gerbils to localize both low- and high
      frequency pure tones indicates that gerbils are able to use both phase- and
      intensity-difference locus cues. The frequency at which tone localization was
      poorest was 2.8 kHz, well below the theoretical frequency of ambiguity of the
      phase cue but within the frequency range at which phase locking declines in the
      mammalian auditory system. The sound localization ability of gerbils is typical
      of small rodents, and there is no obvious sign that it is affected by the
      degenerative disorder of the central auditory system which has been recently
      discovered in gerbils.

PMID- 3395453
TI  - Dissociable motor roles of the rat's striatum conform to a somatotopic model.
AB  - The findings of this study indicate distinctive roles of different regions of the
      rostral striatum of rat in segmental motor control. In order to test the
      hypothesis of somatotopically organized motoric functions in the striatum, the
      effects of bilateral ibotenate-induced lesions of either the dorsomedial or the
      dorsolateral or the ventrolateral regions of the rostral striatum on reaching
      movements of the tongue and the forelimbs were examined. Lesions of the
      dorsolateral region chronically impaired reaching movements of the forelimbs but
      not of the tongue. Lesions of the ventrolateral region impaired initiation and
      execution of reaching movements of both the tongue and the forelimbs, with the
      impairment of forelimb reaching being somewhat less severe than that produced by
      dorsolateral lesions. Neuronal loss in the medial striatum had no chronic effects
      on either movements. The impairments of reaching performance reflected failures
      of motor synergisms between tongue and head and between limb and paw, as well as
      alterations in the scaling of movement amplitude. These findings support the
      hypothesis of a motor somatotopy in the lateral region of the rat's rostral
      striatum and of a critical role of the lateral striatum in initiation, scaling,
      and coordination of reaching movements.

PMID- 3395454
TI  - Amphetamine's effects on food consumption and body weight: the role of adaptive
      processes.
AB  - Three experiments were conducted to characterize the time course of amphetamine's
      effects on food consumption using procedures that would allow both decreases and
      increases in eating to be evident relative to control levels. In Experiment 1 we
      measured eating over 12 postinjection hr in rats. Orderly changes in within-day
      temporal patterns of eating over the 12 days of amphetamine administration
      suggest the role of conditioned adaptive processes. In Experiment 2, animals were
      not presented food until 2 hr after drug administration. Initial anorexia and
      subsequent hyperphagia were produced by repeated administration of amphetamine.
      Experiment 3 assessed both within-day and over-day changes in body weight and
      food consumption and showed that in addition to the drug's anorectic effect,
      amphetamine also reduces body weight via other mechanisms. In interpreting
      tolerance to anorectic drugs, it is necessary to evaluate such changes in body
      weight that indicate shifts in hunger that occur over days as well as shifts in
      within-day temporal patterns of eating that indicate the presence of conditioned
      adaptive changes. It is proposed that these two adaptive mechanisms account for
      pharmacodynamic tolerance.

PMID- 3395455
TI  - Nutritive expectancies mediate cholecystokinin's suppression-of-intake effect.
AB  - In previous studies of cholecystokinin's (CCK's) effect on consumption, physical
      features (e.g., taste, texture, and odor) of test meals were confounded with the
      nutritive expectancies elicited by those features. To separately assess the role
      of these two factors in supporting CCK's suppression-of-intake effect, we varied
      the caloric expectancies elicited by a flavored test solution, while holding
      constant its actual caloric density, as well as all other unconditioned stimulus
      features. On alternate days for a 12-day period, hungry rats drank grape or
      orange Kool-Aid (noncaloric) mixed with a caloric 5% ethanol solution; on the
      other days, they drank the alternate flavor mixed with plain water. In a
      subsequent choice test between the flavored solutions without ethanol, the
      ethanol-associated flavor (Ef) was preferred over the water-associated flavor
      (Wf). Two days later, the rats were injected with either cholecystokinin
      octapeptide (CCK-8; ip, 2 micrograms/kg) or isotonic saline, and then given
      access to their Ef or their Wf for 1 hr. Consumption of the Ef was suppressed by
      CCK-8; intake of the Wf was unaffected. These results suggest that CCK-8's
      effectiveness in suppressing intake of a test meal may be related not to the
      unconditioned stimulus features of that meal but to the nutritive expectations
      elicited by those features.

PMID- 3395456
TI  - Reciprocal effects of hormonal fluctuations on human motor and perceptual-spatial
      skills.
AB  - Normal adult women showed systematic performance fluctuations across the
      menstrual cycle on several motor and perceptual tests that typically yield sex
      differences in performance. The midluteal phase, characterized by high levels of
      estradiol and progesterone, was associated with improved performance on tests of
      speeded motor coordination and impaired performance on a perceptual-spatial test,
      relative to performance during menses. Variations in gonadal steroid levels may
      contribute substantially to the sex differences reported in human cognitive and
      motor skills.

PMID- 3395457
TI  - Apomorphine-induced hypothermia increases during ethanol withdrawal.
AB  - Changes in several measures of dopamine function have been observed following
      acute or chronic ethanol exposure. The present study examined the effects of
      chronic ethanol exposure on the hypothermia following acute administration of the
      dopamine agonist apomorphine. Animals withdrawn from chronic ethanol exposure
      showed a significantly greater decrease in body temperature following apomorphine
      than did ethanol-naive controls, suggesting an increase in sensitivity to
      dopaminergic stimulation during ethanol withdrawal.

PMID- 3395458
TI  - Ethanol elimination in the anesthetized dog: intragastric versus intravenous
      administration.
AB  - We computed by linear kinetics predicted equilibrated plasma concentrations,
      elimination parameters and availability of ethanol for fasting anesthetized dogs
      who received the same dose (11 mmol/kg) of ethanol twice, once intragastrically
      and once intravenously. Agreement between predicted (y) and observed (x)
      equilibrated plasma levels above 3 mmol/l was for intragastric ethanol y = 0.031
      + 1.008x (r = 0.973) and for intravenous ethanol y = 0.2 + 0.99x (r = 0.992).
      Linear elimination (elimination rate, clearance, time of disappearance of half
      the dose) was significantly slower and Widmark's ratio r was significantly
      greater for intragastric than for intravenous ethanol. Apparent availability of
      intragastric ethanol, computed by dividing the intragastric by the intravenous
      plasma ethanol concentration at zero time (both values extrapolated from the
      linear portion of the blood alcohol curve), was 0.739 +/- 0.125. Considerable
      ethanol residuals were present in the stomach four hours after intragastric
      instillation. We conclude that retention of ethanol in the stomach, probably
      because of anesthesia, created the apparent differences in elimination of ethanol
      between intragastric and intravenous administration. Despite gastric retention,
      decrease of ethanol levels was linear above 3 mmol/l after intragastric
      instillation.

PMID- 3395459
TI  - The effects of oral and intraperitoneal administration of ethanol on the
      activities of hepatic glucose-6-phosphate and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenases
      in rats.
AB  - The activities of hepatic glucose-6-phosphate and 6-phosphogluconate
      dehydrogenases decreased significantly only in male rats, when rats of both sexes
      were fed a 2% sucrose solution containing 25% ethanol for six weeks. Sucrose (2%)
      activation of these enzymes was significant only in female rats. The daily
      administration of ethanol (5 g/kg body wt.) by intraperitoneal injection for two
      weeks significantly decreased the activities of these enzymes and eliminated the
      sex differences in the response to ethanol ingestion.

PMID- 3395460
TI  - Prenatal exposure to ethanol decreases physiological plasticity in the
      hippocampus of the adult rat.
AB  - Prenatal exposure to ethanol has been associated with birth defects ranging in
      severity from physical dysmorphias and profound mental retardation to more subtle
      compromises of cognitive and behavioral function. Recent evidence has shown the
      hippocampus to be damaged both morphologically and neurochemically after such
      exposure in experimental animals. The functional implications of these changes
      have just recently begun to be addressed. We now report that long-term
      potentiation and potassium-induced excitability are decreased in hippocampal
      slices from adult animals exposed to ethanol in-utero. These deficits reflect a
      decrease in the plasticity of the hippocampal formation. This alteration may be
      one factor contributing to the memory and learning deficits associated with in
      utero exposure to ethanol.

PMID- 3395461
TI  - Buspirone alters alcohol drinking induced in rats by tetrahydropapaveroline
      injected into brain monoaminergic pathways.
AB  - The effect of the novel anxiolytic, buspirone, administered systemically was
      determined in Sprague-Dawley rats induced to drink ethyl alcohol chronically by
      repeated microinjections of 25 ng/microliter tetrahydropapaveroline HBr (THP)
      into brain-stem monoaminergic pathways. Self-selection of alcohol in
      concentrations from 3% to 30% was determined for each rat in a free-choice
      drinking situation with water available as the alternative fluid. After
      stereotaxic implantation of guide tubes, THP was microinjected repeatedly into
      striatal lemniscal and preoptic sites which were found to mediate significant
      increases in alcohol preference. After the baseline level of intake of a single,
      maximally preferred alcohol concentration was established, each rat was treated
      with either saline vehicle or buspirone given intramuscularly b.i.d. in doses of
      5.0 mg/kg or 20 mg/kg. Overall, the repeated administration of either dose of
      buspirone produced a significant decrease in the voluntary alcohol intake of the
      rats as measured by the proportion measure and absolute g of alcohol ingested.
      However, the alteration in drinking varied from animal to animal with respect to
      both magnitude and duration of the anxiolytic's effect. The response to buspirone
      seemed to be dependent in part on the individual site in each animal at which THP
      had been infused to evoke alcohol intake. Post-mortem histological analysis
      revealed that buspirone-treated rats reduced alcohol consumption by 83% if THP
      had been microinjected into substantia nigra; by 60% if given in the nucleus
      accumbens-preoptic area; and by 34% when injected into the medial lemniscus-zona
      incerta. These results suggest, therefore, that buspirone can exert a specific
      effect in attenuating the consumption of alcohol of the rat in a free-choice
      situation. In relation to the differential actions of the anxiolytic, it is
      envisaged that on an anatomical basis the antagonism of alcohol drinking may be
      mediated by a pharmacological alteration of circumscribed pathways associated
      with dopaminergic or serotonergic neurons.

PMID- 3395462
TI  - Serum lipids and acyl group composition of alcoholic patients.
AB  - The lipid content and acyl group composition of serum from a group of alcoholic
      patients at a VA Medical Center were compared to control subjects sampled either
      from University of Missouri personnel or from subjects who were undergoing a
      preemployment physical examination at the same VA Medical Center. Plasma of
      alcoholic patients indicated an elevated triacylglycerol level (24-35%) as
      compared to both control groups. In addition, the acyl groups of triacylglycerols
      of alcoholic patients showed a markedly lower proportion of 18:2 and a higher
      proportion of 18:0 and 18:1 as compared to the control groups. The level of
      phosphatidylcholines in the plasma of alcoholic patients was not different from
      controls. However, acyl group composition of phosphatidylcholines from alcoholics
      indicated a lower proportion of 22:6 (n-3) as compared to controls. Although the
      cholesteryl ester level in serum was higher in alcoholics than in controls, the
      difference did not reach a level of significance. There was a similar decrease in
      18:2 and an increase in 18:0 in cholesteryl esters of alcoholics as compared to
      controls. Results indicate that alcoholics in the United States show a similar
      change in certain serum lipids as reported for the Swedish alcoholics. This study
      also shows the complexities involved in selecting appropriate control groups to
      be compared with alcoholic patients.

PMID- 3395463
TI  - Ethanol and barbiturate withdrawal convulsions are extensively codetermined in
      mice.
AB  - Selective breeding was used to produce lines of mice which differ markedly from
      one another in ethanol physical dependence development as indexed by handling
      induced convulsions (HIC) induced by withdrawal from ethanol. These are known as
      the Withdrawal Seizure Prone (WSP) and Withdrawal Seizure Resistant (WSR)
      selected lines. Mice selectively-bred for severe HIC (Withdrawal Seizure Prone
      lines) exhibited 3-fold greater HIC scores than did mice selectively-bred for
      mild HIC (Withdrawal Seizure Resistant lines) after five generations of selective
      breeding. When phenobarbital was used as the dependence-producing drug rather
      than ethanol, the WSP vs. WSR differences in HIC were similar to those seen with
      ethanol. This implies that a high degree of commonality exists between ethanol
      and phenobarbital in the determinants of this commonly used index of physical
      dependence. Both WSP and WSR mice showed equivalent brain phenobarbital
      concentrations and equal functional tolerance development as indexed by several
      measures of impairment.

PMID- 3395464
TI  - Voluntary alcohol intake is attenuated in two-kidney, one-clip, but not in one
      kidney, one-clip Goldblatt hypertensive rats.
AB  - Voluntary alcohol intake was examined in two models of renovascular hypertension
      known to differ in their effects on the renin-angiotensin system. In experiment
      1, Two-Kidney, One-Clip (renin-dependent) hypertensive rats (T-K,O-C) or their
      sham operated controls were offered limited access to alcohol for 1 hr each day.
      Over a four week period the T-K,O-C rats drank significantly less 3% and 6% (w/v)
      alcohol solution than the sham operated controls. In experiment 2, One-Kidney,
      One-Clip (renin-independent) hypertensive rats or their sham operated controls
      were offered alcohol on a similar limited access basis. Over a four week period,
      the O-K,O-C rats did not show a reduction in the intake of either a 3% or 6%
      alcohol solution compared to the sham operated controls. These results provide
      further documentation for the role of the renin-angiotensin system in modulating
      alcohol intake. The process by which this system might influence alcohol intake
      is outlined.

PMID- 3395465
TI  - Alcohol metabolism and fetal hypoplasia in chick brain.
AB  - Chick embryos given a single dose of ethanol (1.0 g/kg) at the start of
      incubation (day 0) had widely differing levels of blood alcohol when sacrificed
      on day 7 and the blood alcohol levels were inversely correlated with whole body
      and brain weight. Clearance of the alcohol by the embryos was inhibited by
      simultaneous treatment with 4-methyl pyrazole and this treatment potentiated the
      brain growth inhibition due to ethanol. Treatment with indomethacin lowered blood
      alcohol levels on day 7 and protected against the growth inhibition. These data
      suggest that early chick embryos have varying amounts of alcohol dehydrogenase
      like metabolic activity and that higher levels of this activity protect against
      alcohol-induced brain growth inhibition in this model. If similar variations in
      the ability to metabolize alcohol exist in human fetuses, it may represent a
      mechanism by which comparable maternal doses of alcohol produce widely varying
      fetal effects.

PMID- 3395466
TI  - Alcohol inhibits suckling-induced prolactin release and milk yield.
AB  - The effects of acute administration of alcohol on suckling-induced prolactin
      (PRL) release and milk yield were studied in primiparous lactating rats. On
      lactation day 2, pups were culled to 8 per litter. On day 5, dams were implanted
      with atrial catheters. On day 10, pups were separated from the dams at 0900 hr;
      at 1300 hr, an extension containing heparin (50 IU/ml) and 0.9% saline was
      attached to the exteriorized portion of the catheter. At 1400 hr, 0.4 ml blood
      was removed and replaced with 0.9% saline (control) or 0.3, 0.5 or 1.0 g/kg body
      weight of alcohol. At 1500 hr a second blood sample was obtained followed by a
      second alcohol or saline infusion. Pups were returned to dams and blood samples
      were obtained 10, 30, and 60 min after suckling. Milk consumption was calculated
      by weighing pups before and after 60 min of suckling. PRL in plasma samples was
      measured by radioimmunoassay. Alcohol did not alter baseline serum PRL. However,
      suckling-induced PRL release and milk consumption by the pups were significantly
      inhibited. Since basal PRL was not altered following administration of alcohol,
      the inhibitory effect of alcohol on suckling-induced PRL release is attributed to
      a disruption of transmission of the impulse arising from suckling stimulus.

PMID- 3395467
TI  - Cadmium exposure results in decreased responsiveness to ethanol.
AB  - Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were maintained on an ad lib diet containing 100
      ppm cadmium (Group Cadmium-Diet) or a control diet with no added cadmium. On Day
      61, all animals (N = 10/group) were challenged with a single hypnotic dose of
      ethanol (3.5 g/kg IP), prepared from a 20% v/v solution of tap water and a stock
      solution of 95% ethanol. The latency from the time of the injection until the
      loss of the righting reflex was recorded, as well as the latency for recovery of
      the reflex. The results showed a nonsignificant trend for animals exposed to
      cadmium to lose the righting reflex less rapidly than controls, and Cadmium-Diet
      animals regained the righting reflex significantly more rapidly than controls.
      These findings suggest that the pharmacologic effectiveness of ethanol is altered
      by chronic exposure to dietary cadmium. The implications of these data for other
      studies of cadmium/ethanol interactions are discussed.

PMID- 3395469
TI  - A colorimetric procedure to monitor the extent of crosslinking of proteins by
      bisimidoesters.
AB  - Reaction of proteins with bisimidoesters is one of the popular crosslinking
      techniques. The extent of the reaction cannot be followed directly using the
      commonly used free amino group-determining reagents ninhydrin and 2,4,6
      trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid since they react with bisimidoesters. However, we
      found that the extent of amidination of protein could be followed
      colorimetrically by using 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene.

PMID- 3395468
TI  - Characterization of anti-prostatic acid phosphatase monoclonal antibody and its
      medical significance.
AB  - Monoclonal antibody to purified prostatic acid phosphatase from seminal plasma
      was produced by fusion of spleen cells from immunized mice with the Sp2/O-Ag 14
      cell line. This hybridoma-derived antibody, designated MAb-14, was classified as
      IgG1 immunoglobulin. The apparent affinity constant of phosphatase.MAb-14 complex
      formation calculated by using the Langmuir isotherm is 2.4 x 10(-8) M. The
      molecular weight of the complex formed under the condition of antibody excess was
      found to be 350K, which suggests that 2 molecules of prostatic phosphatase bind
      to 1 molecule of the antibody. The MAb-14 antibody bound to phosphatase had a
      negligible effect on the catalytic activity of the enzyme. All isoenzymatic forms
      of catalytically active prostatic phosphatase, resolved by isoelectric focusing
      or by chromatofocusing in different pH gradients, reacted with the monoclonal
      antibody. Several peptides of Mr 25K to 76K and of 13K to 76K were adsorbed from
      the prostatic tissue extract and from seminal fluid, respectively, on an MAb-14
      Sepharose column. The MAb-14 monoclonal antibody was applied to the
      immunohistochemical investigation of prostatic phosphatase distribution in normal
      human prostate gland, in nodular hyperplasia, and in adenocarcinoma of the
      prostate. Immunostaining was observed in prostatic secretory epithelium, within
      the luminal content of prostatic glands, and in the neighborhood of prostatic
      cancer cells. Metastatic prostatic carcinoma was also strongly immunoreactive
      with the antibody. There was no cross-reactivity with leukocytes, kidney, liver,
      pancreas, spleen, breast, stomach mucosal, and colon tissues.

PMID- 3395470
TI  - Studies on the properties of immobilized urokinase: effects of pH and
      temperature.
AB  - Human urokinase was immobilized on an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer surface.
      Soluble urokinase showed its maximum activity at pH 8.5, while the immobilized
      enzyme was most active at pH 9.0. Apparently, the shift in optimal pH was due to
      the polyanionic nature of the carrier surface on which the enzyme was
      immobilized. Optimal temperatures of soluble urokinase and immobilized enzyme
      were identical, i.e., 37 degrees C. The stability of immobilized enzyme against
      thermal degradation was several times higher than that of the soluble enzyme. Its
      stability at higher temperatures is one of the main reasons for the clinical use
      of immobilized urokinase as an antithrombotic material.

PMID- 3395471
TI  - Evaluation of protein hydrolysates using the fermentation activity of immobilized
      yeast cells.
AB  - A rapid, easy, and reproducible method for evaluation of protein hydrolysates has
      been developed using the ethanol fermentation of immobilized yeast cells as a
      monitoring system. The method is sensitive to the origin, concentration, and
      degree of hydrolysis of the hydrolysates.

PMID- 3395472
TI  - Good biocompatibility of the polyamide hemofilter.
AB  - Chronic hemofiltration (HF) is now a well-established method, especially for
      elderly uremic patients and those suffering from cardiovascular problems. This is
      due to the fact that chronic HF offers superior treatment comfort with less
      hypotensive episodes, vomiting, muscle cramps and febrile reactions. Apart from
      the different blood purification techniques involved in chronic HF compared to
      hemodialysis (i.e. convection versus diffusion), it might well be that the better
      treatment comfort is attributable to a certain extent to the polyamide HF
      membrane used in our HF treatments. We studied different biocompatibility
      parameters and received the following data: (a) leukocytes and thrombocytes
      remained unchanged during a treatment session; (b) elastase increased slightly
      but there was no difference between the polyamide and polycarbonate membrane, and
      (c) arterial and venous concentrations of C5a and C3d remained almost unchanged.
      The superior treatment comfort and better vascular stability of HF over
      hemodialysis might also be due to the improved biocompatibility of the applied
      hemofilter as the polyamide membrane induces no changes in different
      biocompatibility parameters such as leukocytes, thrombocytes, C5a or C3d.

PMID- 3395473
TI  - Single-needle membrane plasmapheresis. In vivo comparison of plasma separator
      performances.
AB  - Plasma filtration characteristics of three hollow fiber plasma separation filters
      (Plasmaflo Hi-05, Extraplex BL 550 and CPS-10) were studied in a single-needle
      setting by means of the double headpump. Plasma exchange was carried out in 12
      patients during a total number of 59 sessions. For each filter, a mean total
      ultrafiltration volume of +/- 3,000 ml was obtained over a period from 92 to 121
      min. The lowest and highest obtained mean filtration flows were 26.7 +/- 2.5 and
      36.6 +/- 1.7 ml/min for Extraplex BL 550 and CPS-10, respectively (p less than
      0.01). The pre- and postplasmapheresis pressures, measured in the bubble trap
      chamber as an indirect estimation of transmembrane pressure, were lower for the
      Plasmaflo Hi-05 than for the two other filters under study; pressures remained
      unaltered during the session. Blood pressure showed a minor but significant
      decline during plasmapheresis with the Plasmaflo filter. A reduction after
      plasmapheresis by more than 40% of the immunoglobulins IgE, IgG, IgM and IgA, and
      of complement factors C3 and C4 was seen for each of the filters and no
      significant differences between the filters were observed. An additional study on
      6 filters with constant blood flow and TMP showed minor differences in the
      transmembrane pressure necessary to obtain a given filtration volume per unit of
      time and similar sieving coefficients for immunoglobulins. This study
      demonstrates that with this single-needle technique a satisfying immunoglobulin
      extraction performance was obtained for each of the filter types studied;
      however, there existed minor but significant differences in the patient
      hemodynamic status according to the membrane used.

PMID- 3395474
TI  - Search for optimizing dialysis therapy. I. Acute effects of hemodiafiltration
      with a highly permeable membrane and a large dose of convection and diffusion.
AB  - Based on the concept that an optimisation of dialysis therapy might be achieved
      by increasing the removal of small metabolic substances as well as low molecular
      weight proteins, hemodialfiltration (HDF) was modified. In 9 ESRD patients, HDF
      was performed acutely for 4 h, where 60 liters of substitution fluid were infused
      per patient. Two polysulphone F60 membranes in line were used as hemodialfilters.
      As compared to conventional hemodialysis (HD), performed with a cuprophane
      dialyser, HDF resulted in higher extraction indices for small solutes assessed by
      HPLC. Due to the large amount of convection applied, HDF was followed by
      significant decreases of low molecular weight proteins ranging from 9.5 kdaltons
      (iPTH, p less than 0.01) to 17 kdaltons (myoglobin, p less than 0.01). Analysis
      of the protein pattern of the serum revealed a nonlinear function in the decrease
      of plasma proteins after HDF. It is concluded that even though the detoxification
      efficacy of the described HDF method is by far superior to conventional HD in
      quality and quantity, the efficacy is still far from that of excretory renal
      function. Thus, to further improve efficacy with respect to the catabolic renal
      function for low molecular weight proteins, membranes for HDF or hemofiltration
      barriers but should surpass the sieving properties of the glomerulus in the low
      molecular protein range.

PMID- 3395475
TI  - Selective and semiselective low-density lipoprotein apheresis in familial
      hypercholesterolemia.
AB  - Seven patients with familial hypercholesterolemia were treated fortnightly for 3
      months by selective low-density lipoprotein apheresis with dextran-sulfate
      cellulose column (DSC). Subsequently, 4 of them were treated with semiselective
      double filtration. No cholesterol-lowering drugs were given. Plasma processed
      ranged from 39 to 58 ml/kg body weight/procedure. Fractional removals from plasma
      filtrate at the secondary treatment (adsorption or fractionation) for total
      cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and albumin, respectively,
      were 0.84, 0.06, and 0.03 with DSC and 0.74, 0.47 and 0.35 with double
      filtration. Postapheresis reductions of total cholesterol, high-density
      lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were 57, 15, and
      59% with DSC and 47,35, and 48% with double filtration. Both methods are suitable
      for clinical use, but with a 15-day treatment schedule, lowering circulating
      lipid fraction levels are maintained with DSC.

PMID- 3395476
TI  - Characterization of clinical isolates of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis by DNA
      DNA hybridization and cellular fatty acid analysis.
AB  - The DNA-DNA homologies obtained were more than 90 per cent for all strains
      examined, including the reference strains of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis and
      Mycobacterium avium. Consequently, in a genetic sense, M. paratuberculosis with
      its variants belong to a single species which should be considered a subspecies
      of M. avium. The same reference strains of M. paratuberculosis and M. avium
      showed small but distinct differences in the cellular fatty acid patterns. The
      Norwegian goat isolate proved to be M. paratuberculosis, while the three sheep
      isolates from Iceland and the Faroe Islands showed a typical M. avium pattern.

PMID- 3395477
TI  - Effects of two macrolide antibiotics on human leukocyte membrane receptors and
      functions.
AB  - Polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMNs) and lymphocytes from healthy persons were
      incubated in varying concentrations of erythromycin and RU 28965, a new macrolide
      antibiotic. Incubation in erythromycin - even in high dilutions - caused a
      significant increase in the percentage of PMNs bearing receptors for the Fc
      portion of IgG (Fc gamma R) and for C3b (C3bR) as measured by rosette formation
      with EA (erythrocyte-antibody) and EAC (erythrocyte-antibody-complement)
      indicator cells. This effect could not be removed by extended washing of the
      cells. Incubation in RU 28965 had a similar effect, except for a decrease in EA
      and EAC rosetting cells at high concentrations (200 mg/l). Phagocytosis, as
      measured by chemiluminescence, and random migration of PMNs were unaffected by
      erythromycin. Chemotaxis under agarose was decreased after incubation in
      erythromycin or RU 28965. Erythromycin incubation increased the percentage of
      lymphocytes bearing receptors for sheep erythrocytes (E), but had no effect on
      the proportion of lymphocytes rosetting with EA or EAC, or on lymphocyte
      responses to mitogens PHA, conA, or PWM.

PMID- 3395478
TI  - Distribution of tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) in normal mucosa, in colitis
      ulcerosa, in adenomas and in carcinomas of the human colorectum. An
      immunohistochemical study.
AB  - 65 carcinomas with their normal resection margins, 30 adenomas of the colorectum,
      and also ulcerative colitis biopsies from 10 cases were analysed
      immunohistochemically for pattern and intensity of expression of Tissue
      Polypeptide Antigen (TPA). In normal colon, and in well- and moderately
      differentiated carcinomas, a cell membrane type staining pattern was predominant.
      In ulcerative colitis, in carcinoma cell groups within mucus of mucinous
      carcinomas or in single cells at the invasion front of all grades of carcinomas,
      a strong cytoplasmic type staining pattern was found. The cytoplasmic pattern was
      also found in poorly differentiated carcinomas, but with weaker staining
      intensity. The relationship between staining intensity and pattern and carcinoma
      grade was significant, whereas a similar relationship with the Dukes stages was
      not significant.

PMID- 3395479
TI  - Mitogenesis in wound-healing cells in diabetic rats.
AB  - The healing of perforated mesenterial window is delayed in insulin-deficient rats
      after 4 weeks of streptozoticin-induced diabetes. In the present study we
      investigated the mitogenic capacity of the two predominating cell types in the
      healing mesenterial window in such rats. The labelling index (LI) in fibroblasts
      and mesothelial cells, normally constituting approximately 96% of all tissue
      bound cells, was estimated in early and later phases of healing within (a) a 1 mm
      wide zone surrounding the perforation and (b) centrally in wounds after healing
      by closure. The mitotic index (MI) of these cells was estimated at various
      distances from the perforation. Adjacent unperforated control mesenteric windows
      served as internal controls. Proliferation increased on days 1 and 2 post
      perforation, whereafter it gradually diminished, fibroblasts showing a higher LI
      than mesothelial cells days 3-7 after closure. On day 1 post-perforation the
      relative increase of LI was greatest in diabetic mesenteries. During the period
      just preceding healing by closure. LI of both fibroblasts and mesothelial cells
      was, however, significantly reduced in diabetic animals. The impaired mitogenesis
      in these wound-healing cells in diabetic rats may thus be of pathogenic
      significance in the delayed healing in such animals.

PMID- 3395480
TI  - Possible errors in the calculation of cell-binding parameters exemplified by the
      analysis of the IgG-Fc receptor system.
AB  - The binding parameters of monomeric and polymeric (immune complex with a
      molecular weight of 500,000 daltons) rabbit IgG to homologous Fc receptor-bearing
      alveolar macrophages were estimated, using corrected values for IgG and cell
      concentrations. Considering the maximum percentage of monomeric IgG binding to
      cells (2.7%) and the maximum percentage of cells binding monomeric IgG (32%)
      instead of the IgG and cell concentrations in the initial reaction mixture, a 36
      fold increase of the equilibrium constant (K) (from 0.6 x 10(6) L/M to 21.3 x
      10(6) L/M) and a 3-fold increase of the maximum number of IgG molecules able to
      bind to a single cell (n) (from 7.8 x 10(5) to 23.7 x 10(5] were registered.
      Since more than 60% of the polymeric IgG is bound to 46% of the macrophage
      population, the values of K (from 10.8 x 10(6) L/M to 15.6 x 10(6) L/M) and n
      (from 4.3 x 10(5) to 9.4 x 10(5] are only doubled by using the corrected values
      for IgG and cell concentrations. It results that the cytophilic fraction of the
      monomeric IgG, representing only 2.7% of total IgG, has a slightly higher
      affinity for the Fc receptors than the polymeric IgG. By considering the actual
      number of macrophages which bind IgG it is evident that the number of Fc
      receptors per cell is higher than that determined by the usual procedure which
      does not take into account cellular heterogeneity.

PMID- 3395482
TI  - Changes of portal systemic shunting after sclerotherapy and/or partial splenic
      embolization observed by Tl-201 per-rectal administration.
AB  - Tl-201 per-rectal scintigraphy was performed before and after injection
      sclerotherapy of esophageal varices and/or partial splenic embolization in
      patients with esophageal varices to observe the changes of portal systemic
      shunting by these treatments. The changes in the heart-to-liver uptake ratio of
      Tl-201 after injection sclerotherapy ranged widely from a decrease to an increase
      with the mean change rate (mean of the absolute value of change rate) +/- 1 SD of
      19.0% +/- 19.9%. By partial splenic embolization the heart-to-live uptake ratio
      was decreased significantly with the mean change rate +/- 1 SD of 26.2% +/- 17.4%
      (P less than 0.05). This noninvasive and simple method seems to be useful in
      evaluating pathophysiological changes of portal systemic shunting observed from
      inferior mesenteric vein blood flow after treatments of portal circulation
      system.

PMID- 3395481
TI  - An experimental model system for leishmaniasis. Effects of porphyrin-compounds
      and menadione on Leishmania parasites engulfed by cultured macrophages.
AB  - In order to facilitate studies on the effects of chemotherapeutic agents on the
      host-parasite interactions in leishmaniasis, we have developed an experimental
      model for infecting human monocyte-derived- and mouse peritoneal macrophages in
      culture with recently-isolated Leishmania donovani promastigots (LDP). The
      chemotherapeutic agents studied were protoporphyrin, hematoporphyrin, menadione,
      and combinations of hematoporphyrin plus menadione. Since the Leishmania donovani
      amastigotes survived poorly in mouse macrophages and protoporphyrin was quite
      toxic to the latter, our investigations were focused on the effects of
      hematoporphyrin and menadione on amastigotes engulfed by human macrophages.
      Treatment of Leishmania donovani amastigotes-infested human macrophages with
      either 50 microM hematoporphyrin or 10 microM menadione did not influence
      significantly the survival of either Leishmania donovani amastigotes or the
      macrophages themselves. Larger individual doses of hematoporphyrin and menadione
      were toxic to both parasites and macrophages. The combination of 50 microM
      hematoporphyrin and 10 microM menadione, however, caused the destruction of the
      parasites without affecting the host macrophage. The enhanced deleterious effect
      from combined low doses of hematoporphyrin and menadione is discussed in terms of
      the production of reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide anion radical and
      hydrogen peroxide, originating from cellular redox cycling of menadione, and
      followed by decomposition of the formed hydrogen peroxide by hematoporphyrin to
      produce the more reactive hydroxyl radical.

PMID- 3395483
TI  - Microcomputer-based digital image analysis system for quantitative
      autoradiography.
AB  - A computerized image processing system utilizing an IBM-XT personal microcomputer
      with the capability of performing quantitative cerebral autoradiography is
      described. All of the system components are standard computer and optical
      hardware that can be easily assembled. The system has 512 horizontal by 512
      vertical axis resolution with 8 bits per pixel (256 gray levels). Unlike other
      dedicated image processing systems, the IBM-XT permits the assembly of an
      efficient, low-cost image analysis system without sacrificing other capabilities
      of the IBM personal computer. The application of this system in both qualitative
      and quantitative autoradiography has been the principal factor in developing a
      new radiopharmaceutical to measure regional cerebral blood flow.

PMID- 3395484
TI  - Breast and testicular self-examination in primary care.
AB  - Among a random sample of Michigan family physicians, attitudes about encouraging
      patients to perform breast and testicular self-examination were very positive.
      The physicians' self-reported incorporation of such encouragement into their
      practices was much lower for testicular than breast self-examination. Two hundred
      seventy-eight randomly selected family physicians in Michigan were surveyed about
      their beliefs about and professional practices regarding encouraging patients to
      perform breast self-examination (BSE) and testicular self-examination (TSE).
      Attitudes were very positive about both techniques. Self-reported incorporation
      of patient encouragement into professional practice was much lower for TSE than
      for BSE. The physicians' own personal practices were similarly skewed: female
      physicians performed BSE for themselves far more regularly than young male
      physicians did TSE. The barriers they identified to incorporating encouragement
      into their practices were similar for testicular and breast self-examination,
      with lack of patient motivation the leading barrier seen.

PMID- 3395485
TI  - A survey of Massachusetts physicians' smoking intervention practices.
AB  - Attitudes toward smoking intervention, and the intervention practices of 65
      residents, 51 attending physicians, and 292 community physicians in central and
      western Massachusetts were assessed through a mailed questionnaire. Nearly all
      physicians reported that they obtained information on the smoking status of new
      patients and told smokers to quit. Proportionately fewer physicians, however,
      reported that they counseled their patients on how to stop smoking; those who
      did, did so for relatively brief periods of time. After differences in physician
      age and smoking status were controlled for, residents were significantly more
      likely than attending physicians to counsel their patients on how to stop
      smoking, but were also more likely (than attending and community physicians) to
      recommend or refer their patients to formal smoking cessation programs. A small
      percentage of the physicians responding (3%-16%) reported that they were prepared
      to counsel smokers, but most reported that information on where to refer
      patients, smoking cessation techniques, and skills training would be of great
      value. The results of this survey suggest practical differences between residents
      and attending and community physicians in approaching patients who smoke and in
      attitudes toward the need for additional skills and financial and organizational
      assistance.

PMID- 3395486
TI  - The distribution of free cigarette samples to minors.
AB  - From 1975 through 1984, expenditures by cigarette companies related to the
      distribution of free cigarette samples increased from $24.2 million to $148.0
      million. When adjusted by the consumer price index, expenditures increased more
      than three-fold. During this period, the proportion of total cigarette
      advertising and promotional expenditures devoted to sampling increased from 4.9%
      to 7.1%. To evaluate the degree to which free cigarette samples are distributed
      to children and adolescents, we surveyed 141 elementary students and 223 high
      school students in five schools in Chicago in April 1982. We also surveyed a
      sample of 88 students enrolled at DePaul University in Chicago. Fifty (14%) of
      the 364 elementary and high school students reported having received free
      cigarette samples themselves, including six (4%) of the elementary students and
      44 (20%) of the high school students. Approximately half of the elementary and
      high school students, and 28% of the college students, said they had seen
      children and adolescents receive free cigarette samples. More than three-fourths
      of the elementary and high school students were opposed to the distribution of
      free cigarette samples. Seventy-four percent of the college students, including
      70% of current smokers, supported an ordinance that would ban cigarette sampling.
      These data provide evidence that the cigarette industry's voluntary code against
      distributing free cigarette samples to minors is not being strictly followed.
      Legislation prohibiting cigarette sampling, which at least 12 cities have
      adopted, is an effective way to prevent the distribution of free cigarettes to
      minors.

PMID- 3395487
TI  - Meeting an expanding educational role for ambulatory care services.
AB  - The mid-1980s have been marked by a growing shift in the locus of health care
      delivery: from the in-patient setting to ambulatory care programs. As a result of
      cost containment strategies--exemplified by the diagnosis related group method
      for hospital reimbursement--the ambulatory care network has assumed
      responsibility for many patients with advanced or complicated diseases. This
      increased responsibility is in addition to preventive services, health
      maintenance, and routine care of acute and chronic conditions. This shift not
      only requires expansion of the current system for delivery of primary care
      services, but will also increase the role that organized ambulatory care programs
      will have to play in the education of health professionals. On the basis of a ten
      year experience in utilizing two county funded neighborhood health centers for
      primary care training of family practice residents and medical students,
      undergraduate and postgraduate medical education programs are discussed in terms
      of the changes they impose on ambulatory care program organization (e.g.,
      staffing, space, patient assignment and consent), proposed financing, and
      agreements with educational institutions. The increased administrative burden of
      training programs is offset by benefits which include staff satisfaction,
      enhanced quality of care, and an increase in the pool of appropriately trained
      physicians.

PMID- 3395488
TI  - Structure of graduate medical education programs in preventive medicine.
AB  - Organizing and structuring graduate education programs in preventive medicine is
      a complex and often obscure process. This article describes the interrelated
      organizations that affect directly or indirectly the process of preventive
      medicine graduate education. A brief description of the overall structure of the
      educational process and suggestions for individuals interested in participating
      in the determinative organizations are given.

PMID- 3395489
TI  - Fish consumption and cardiovascular mortality in Canada: an inter-regional
      comparison.
AB  - There is growing evidence from both experimental and epidemiologic studies to
      suggest that regular fish consumption reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease
      in humans. However, a crude analysis of Canadian descriptive data does not
      support this hypothesis. Age-adjusted mortality from ischemic heart disease and
      cerebrovascular disease is actually higher in the Atlantic Provinces than in the
      Prairies where fish consumption is much lower. Possible reasons for this,
      including the importance of the type of fish consumed, and the effects of methods
      of preparation are discussed.

PMID- 3395490
TI  - Persons in the United States with high blood pressure.

PMID- 3395491
TI  - Risk factors for primary open angle glaucoma.
AB  - Ninety-four individuals with well-documented glaucomatous visual field loss were
      matched by age, race, and sex to 94 controls. Both groups completed a detailed
      interview about past and current ocular and systemic diseases. We also
      ascertained medication, alcohol, and cigarette use. Blood pressure measurements
      were taken at the time of the interview. Diabetes showed the closest association
      with glaucoma [odds ratio, 2.80 (1.01,7.77]). A history of hypertension and/or
      medication use was not associated with glaucoma, but elevated diastolic blood
      pressure showed some association [odds ratio, 2.40 (0.85,6.81]). Separate
      analyses for whites and blacks showed diabetes to be a risk factor for both
      groups. Diastolic blood pressure and alcohol use appeared to be more strongly
      associated with glaucoma among whites, but these results should be cautiously
      interpreted because of the small numbers available for subgroup analysis.

PMID- 3395492
TI  - A community study of a decade of in-hospital breast-feeding: implications for
      breast-feeding promotion.
AB  - Information concerning a subject of interest to the health community may be
      gathered through simple, low-cost minisurveys. Data were gathered on postpartum
      breast-feeding in one community in 1974, 1979, and 1984. This community mirrored
      national trends and offered additional information on areas of programmatic
      interest; findings also confirmed the hypothesis that education and national
      trends over time had statistically significant relationships with the choice to
      breast-feed. Of special note is the finding that the level of knowledge
      concerning infant feeding is closely linked to the choice to breast-feed, as is
      the relationship between the primary influence of another woman and the choice to
      breast-feed. With level of education controlled for, both associated variables
      remained significant for women with lower levels of education, the group least
      likely to select breast-feeding. This would suggest the probable advantage of
      breast-feeding promotion based on woman-to-woman contact during preconception and
      antepartum periods; such a program might be particularly effective with women of
      lower educational levels.

PMID- 3395493
TI  - Promoting dietary change in adolescents: a school-based approach for modifying
      and maintaining healthful behavior.
AB  - We examined the immediate and long-term effects of a school-based, behaviorally
      focused dietary change program for tenth-graders. Our behavioral change
      objectives included increased consumption of complex carbohydrates and decreased
      intake of saturated fats, sugar, and salt, particularly in the form of snack
      foods. We randomly assigned tenth-grade classes in two northern California high
      schools to either a five-session dietary change program or an assessment-only
      control group. We collected pre- and postprogram self-report data on 218 students
      in areas of dietary knowledge, behavior, attitudes, food availability in the
      home, and intentions and self-efficacy concerning eating in specific ways. We
      also observed school snack choices both directly and indirectly. Our results
      indicated significant changes in reported behavior, knowledge, and food
      availability at home, as well as changes in snack choices at school. We found
      these changes to be durable at one-year follow-up. Our findings suggest ways in
      which school-based programs focused on behavioral and environmental changes may
      be effective in promoting dietary changes at school and at home.

PMID- 3395494
TI  - Aggregation of dietary calories, fats, and sodium in Mexican-American and Anglo
      families.
AB  - There seems to be a consensus that family influences on dietary habits are
      important, but few studies have addressed this issue directly. To clarify
      inconsistent findings, we studied the aggregation of dietary fats, sodium, and
      calories in 95 Anglo and 111 Mexican-American families. Their diet was determined
      by 24-hour recall, a three-day food record, and a food frequency questionnaire,
      along with a measure of the urinary sodium-potassium ratio. There was evidence of
      moderate aggregation of all dietary variables in both ethnic groups. In Anglo
      families, spouse-spouse, but not sibling-sibling, correlations tended to be
      significant. The diets of the younger children, but not the older children, were
      related to their parents' diets. In Mexican-American families, both spouse-spouse
      and sibling-sibling correlations tended to be significant. The mothers' diets
      were more highly correlated with the children's diets than were the fathers'.

PMID- 3395495
TI  - Payroll contracting for smoking cessation: a worksite pilot study.
AB  - Twenty-one men and 38 women participated in a worksite smoking cessation/smoking
      reduction program that combined financial contracts, organized through payroll
      deduction, and biweekly group treatment sessions. At the end of the program the
      smoking cessation rate was 51%, validated by expired air carbon monoxide. Six
      months later the validated cessation rate was 12%. We conclude that payroll
      incentives may be effective in helping workers quit smoking and offer suggestions
      for ways to promote better maintenance of this important behavior change.

PMID- 3395496
TI  - The epidemiology of varicose veins: the Framingham Study.
AB  - The epidemiology of varicose veins was examined in 3,822 adults in the Framingham
      Study. Findings indicate that the incidence of varicose veins is higher among
      women than men, with no clear age differences. Compared to women without varicose
      veins, women with varicose veins were more often obese (p less than .01), had
      lower levels of physical activity (p less than .001) and higher systolic blood
      pressure (p less than .001), and were older at menopause (p less than .001).
      Women who reported spending eight or more hours in an average day in sedentary
      activities (sitting or standing) also had a significantly higher incidence of
      varicose veins than those who spent four or fewer hours a day in such activities
      (p less than .05). For men, varicose veins coexisted with lower levels of
      physical activity (p less than .05) and higher smoking rates (p less than .05).
      While men and women with varicose veins had a higher incidence of atherosclerotic
      cardiovascular disease than those without varicose veins, only the excess risk of
      coronary heart disease in women was statistically significant (p less than .05).
      However, this finding was not significant after controlling for body mass and
      systolic blood pressure. These results suggest that increased physical activity
      and weight control may help prevent varicose veins among adults at high risk, and
      reduce the overall risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease as well.

PMID- 3395497
TI  - Beliefs among black and white adults about causes and prevention of
      cardiovascular disease: the Minnesota Heart Survey.
AB  - We assessed beliefs about the symptoms, causes, and prevention of cardiovascular
      disease in population-based surveys of black and white Twin Cities adults in 1985
      86. Whites had a generally higher awareness of heart attack symptoms than did
      blacks; 72% of blacks and 85% of whites mentioned chest pain as a likely symptom.
      Sixty-five percent of blacks and 76% of whites correctly offered at least one of
      the three major, modifiable risk factors (smoking, hypertension, and high
      cholesterol in blood or diet) as likely causes of cardiovascular disease.
      However, less than 5% of respondents mentioned all three major risk factors. The
      most frequent response offered as a cause was stress/worry (54% of blacks, 51% of
      whites). Individuals with higher educational levels generally responded more
      correctly than those with less education. After accounting for differences in
      educational level, blacks demonstrated a higher awareness of hypertension as a
      risk factor, whereas whites were more knowledgeable about smoking and
      cholesterol. In light of the high percentage of adults still lacking awareness
      about cardiovascular risk, public education about prevention should continue.
      Such efforts are broadly desirable but may be most effectively targeted toward
      minorities and groups with less education, in whom awareness is low and risk of
      disease is high.

PMID- 3395498
TI  - Cholesterol management in patients hospitalized for coronary heart disease.
AB  - There is now substantial scientific evidence that patients with coronary heart
      disease (CHD) have a high prevalence of hypercholesterolemia and stand to benefit
      significantly from efforts to lower cholesterol levels. To evaluate physician
      practice patterns and attitudes concerning cholesterol assessment and management
      of patients hospitalized with an admitting diagnosis of CHD, one-month medical
      record audits were performed during 1983, 1984, and 1985, and a physician survey
      was administered in early 1986. Medical records of 154 inpatients hospitalized
      with a diagnosis of CHD before 60 years of age showed that, on the average, 18%
      had lipid profiles ordered and 11% received a low-fat diet in the hospital. The
      admission history and follow-up notes mentioned the presence or absence of lipid
      abnormalities in 53% of CHD inpatients. No significant changes occurred from 1983
      to 1985. Survey results from 184 hospital staff physicians caring for these
      patients showed that less than half believed that a reduction in blood
      cholesterol lowers risk for heart disease in middle-aged patients with CHD.
      Interns and residents indicated less confidence in the efficacy of cholesterol
      lowering diet and drug therapy than did attending physicians. The implications of
      these findings for physician training are discussed in light of recent studies of
      the efficacy of cholesterol lowering in secondary prevention.

PMID- 3395501
TI  - Supervised and free-living physical activity: no differences in former athletes
      and nonathletes.
AB  - The association of past participation in school sports with present physical
      activity was studied in 265 Caucasian men who represented a broad spectrum of
      cardiovascular health. In cross-sectional and prospective analyses of free-living
      and supervised settings, no differences in contemporary adult activity were
      observed between former athletes and nonathletes (p greater than .05).
      Statistical control for selection bias effects by age, body mass index, sum of
      skin folds, exercise tolerance, and coronary health status did not alter the
      results. Recall of free-living physical activity was verified by significant (p
      less than .05) correlations with a concurrent self-report of activity and with
      body mass index and exercise tolerance adjusted for coronary health status.
      Previous reports of an association between school sports participation and adult
      activity have failed to control for subject selection bias and confounding
      variables, verify activity recall, and examine both supervised and free-living
      environments. Although these data do not support the role of youthful sports
      participation in adult physical activity, future studies could provide objective
      measures of school and community sports participation and subjective measures of
      the sports experience in relation to other sex, race, and ethnic factors.

PMID- 3395499
TI  - Hypertension control in a rural southern community: medical care process and
      dropping out.
AB  - As part of the Edgecombe County High Blood Pressure Control Program, we conducted
      a medical record review within a private group practice to assess the
      interrelationships between patient characteristics, the process of medical care,
      and dropping out of care by hypertensive patients. Twenty-one percent of 641
      randomly selected hypertensive patients did not have a clinic visit in the year
      before their record review date. Loss to follow-up varied from 31% for black men
      to 13% for white women. More intense prior contact with the medical care system
      was associated with remaining under medical care for all groups by race and sex.
      Black men were much less likely to have intense contact with the medical care
      system than the other groups. Physician aggressiveness in the use of drug therapy
      was associated with a nearly 40% reduction in the risk of being lost to follow
      up. These findings suggest that patient characteristics and several factors that
      reflect the process of medical care are associated with dropping out of medical
      care by hypertensive patients.

PMID- 3395500
TI  - Breast self-examination: the effects of prescribed frequency on adherence,
      accuracy, and detection ability.
AB  - The purpose of our study was to determine the effects of prescribed rates of
      breast self-examination (BSE) on reported frequency of BSE per year. Fifty-one
      women were divided at random into three groups: a weekly prescription, every-two
      weeks prescription, and monthly prescription. All women were trained to
      competence prior to receiving their prescription for BSE. A repeated-measures
      ANOVA showed that all three groups of women significantly increased (p less than
      .05) the number of BSE steps performed after training. Significant (p less than
      .05) differences among groups were observed for reported BSE frequency. The women
      who were prescribed weekly exams averaged over 14 a year, the two-week group
      averaged over 11 a year, and the monthly group averaged over seven a year. It was
      concluded that BSE frequency could be enhanced by a more frequent prescription
      (e.g., weekly). These results require confirmation with more representative
      (i.e., older) women prior to generalization.

PMID- 3395502
TI  - Family practice residents' compliance with preventive medicine recommendations.
AB  - We conducted a medical records survey of 270 randomly selected patients 20 years
      of age or older seen by family practice residents in a university-based training
      program. This study concerned residents' compliance with certain preventive
      recommendations made by four expert groups: the American Cancer Society, the
      Canadian Task Force on the Periodic Health Examination, the Immunization
      Practices Advisory Committee, and the National Institutes of Health Consensus
      Development Conference on treating elevated cholesterol. The interventions
      studied were breast examination, mammography, pelvic examination, Pap testing,
      digital rectal examination, stool guaiac slide testing, serum cholesterol
      screening, and pneumococcal and influenza vaccinations. We calculated the
      percentage of eligible patients receiving each of these interventions. The
      highest rates of resident compliance with health screening recommendations were
      for Pap testing in women 20-34 and 35-59 years of age (31.7% and 22.6%,
      respectively), breast examination in women 20-39 years of age (27.3%), and
      influenza vaccination (23.0%). There were no other rates of compliance that
      exceeded 20%. Our data thus indicate that residents in this program did not
      comply well with health maintenance recommendations.

PMID- 3395503
TI  - Medical student attention to preventive medicine: change with time and
      reinforcement.
AB  - We followed medical students' attention to documentation in their write-ups of
      appropriate preventive medicine information, based upon a patient's age, sex, and
      existing medical conditions, as well as the translation of critical findings to
      the problem list, for three years. The proportion of relevant items documented
      was .50 in year one, .80 in year two, and .69 in year three. Significant
      differences (p less than .001) were found between all three years. Similarly, the
      proportion of important items translated to the problem list was .04 in year one,
      .22 in year two, and .18 in year three. There was significant improvement in
      years two and three as compared to year one (p less than .001). The impact of
      interventions designed to reinforce the medical student's attention to preventive
      medicine was also studied. Cued forms on which to record the patient's history
      were compared to written feedback regarding the student's write-ups. Both
      significantly improved student performance. The effect of the written feedback
      also persisted in the follow-up period.

PMID- 3395504
TI  - Man the risk taker.
AB  - Most approaches to preventing chronic disease involve changing personal behavior.
      Appeals to change are often made on the grounds that certain behavior incurs a
      risk to health, but evaluative studies of health education suggest that this may
      not be a persuasive argument. Humans have always lived with risks and do not
      necessarily equate risk with personal danger. Many forces, both social and
      psychological, underlie the willingness to tolerate risks, and altering familiar
      behaviors may seem to the individual to be more of a loss than a benefit. If we
      seek to change health behavior, we must acknowledge this and recognize that
      factual information on risks will not encourage change unless the change forms
      part of a broader reappraisal of the person's values. Individual appeals for
      change will have little impact as long as broader social forces continue to
      encourage health risk behavior.

PMID- 3395505
TI  - Five forms of arginase in human tissues.
AB  - Five forms of arginase, A1, A2, A3, A4, and A5, were found to be present in human
      tissues. The molecular weight of all these forms is the same, 120,000, but they
      differ in the behavior on DEAE- and CM-cellulose, electrophoretic mobility,
      isoelectric point, and immunochemical properties. Forms A1 from kidney and A5
      from liver show complete immunological incompatibility, whereas forms A2 from
      liver, A3 from salivary gland, and A4 from kidney exhibit partial incompatibility
      with respect to each other and to forms A1 and A5.

PMID- 3395506
TI  - Plasma creatine determination using a luminescence method.
AB  - A new luminescence procedure based on the creatine kinase reaction was developed
      for measuring creatine in plasma. The method is highly applicable to small animal
      work where the amount of blood volume is critical. Only 20 microliter of sample
      is necessary for creatine analysis. Deproteinizing the plasma sample with ethanol
      at room temperature is convenient. This extraction method is adaptable to a
      clinical setting. The ethanol used in the extraction is compatible with the
      luminescence method but precipitated enzymes in the NADH spectrophotometric
      method because of the greater sample volume needed for analysis. The creatine
      concentration is stable in plasma for at least 1 hr in a final anticoagulant
      concentration of 10 mM EDTA. The correlation between the new luminescence method
      with the established NADH spectrophotometric method was excellent (r = 0.99). The
      accuracy of the within-run precision is high, with a mean coefficient of
      variation, 2-3%. Plasma creatine levels could be an important indicator denoting
      early cellular damage and of potential prognostic value. Preliminary studies in
      human muscle ischemia and early shock in rabbits revealed a significant increase
      in plasma creatine levels. Further investigations are necessary to evaluate its
      clinical importance.

PMID- 3395507
TI  - Phosphate-dependent glutaminase in the human term placental mitochondria.
AB  - The properties of placental glutaminase described in this paper, namely
      relatively high substrate affinity. Hill coefficient about 1.6, inhibition by
      glutamate, and the lack of activation by bicarbonate make the placental enzyme
      very similar to the "kidney type" glutaminase isoenzyme of rat tissues.

PMID- 3395508
TI  - Is mild deficiency of mitochondrial malonyl CoA decarboxylase a risk factor for
      hyperlipidemia?

PMID- 3395510
TI  - A colorimetric method for the estimation of serum glycated proteins based on
      differential reduction of free and bound glucose by sodium borohydride.
AB  - A new colorimetric method based on the phenol-sulfuric acid reaction is described
      for the estimation of serum glycated proteins by the differential reduction of
      free glucose and hexose bound nonenzymatically with 2.0 and 20 mg of NaBH4 in
      0.02 ml of serum, respectively, at room temperature for 15 min. The values
      (microgram hexose/mg protein) in control subjects (n = 60) and diabetics (n = 90)
      were estimated to be 5.60 +/- 0.85 and 10.8 +/- 1.6, respectively. The increase
      was highly significant (P less than 0.001) in diabetics. The serum glycated
      protein levels correlate well with fasting blood sugar values (r = 0.77, P less
      than 0.001, n = 25). There was also a highly significant correlation between
      glycated protein level and glycated albumin value in individual serum samples (r
      = 0.85, P less than 0.001, n = 25). Values of borohydride reducible glyco-groups
      bound to serum proteins also correlated well with serum glycated protein levels
      (r = 0.96, p less than 0.001, n = 20) determined by the thiobarbituric acid assay
      method. The method is found to be simple and rapid, with a coefficient of
      variations of +/- 3.8%.

PMID- 3395509
TI  - The attachment of UDP-hexosamines to the ribosomes isolated from rat liver.
AB  - The binding of UDP-N-acetylhexosamines with purified ribosomes was studied and it
      was found that the radioactive nucleotides can be attached to these particles.
      The radioactivity of the purified ribosomal pellet depends on the amounts of
      ribosomes and UDP-N-acetylhexosamines. Some characteristics of the binding system
      indicate that the attachment of UDP-sugar to ribosome does not require the
      participation of glycosyltransferases. The results of the competition experiment
      would suggest that there are specific sites on ribosomes for the binding of UDP-N
      acetylglucosamine.

PMID- 3395511
TI  - Adenine nucleotide metabolism by isolated kidney tubules during oxygen
      deprivation.
AB  - Suspensions enriched in isolated rabbit proximal tubules were subjected to
      varying degrees of oxygen deprivation-induced injury by incubating them under
      hypoxic conditions at pH 7.4 or pH 6.6 or under high density pelleted conditions
      and adenine nucleotide degradation was characterized. The major metabolite was
      hypoxanthine. Its levels increased with the extent of irreversible injury. It was
      not further degraded or salvaged. Recovery of cell ATP during reoxygenation was
      predominantly from the remaining cell nucleotides. Allopurinol did not alter the
      pattern of purine metabolism or the extent of cell injury. These observations
      provide information on the intrinsic purine metabolic capacity of renal tubule
      cells during oxygen deprivation which is relevant to understanding both the
      salvage mechanisms available in these cells as well as the contribution of purine
      metabolism to the pathogenesis of oxygen deprivation-induced tubule cell injury.

PMID- 3395512
TI  - Differential effects of freezing on total hepatic peroxisomal fatty acid
      oxidation and on the rate-limiting enzyme, acyl-CoA oxidase.
AB  - Fatty acid oxidation defects can be acutely fatal, leading to the collection of
      tissues which are frozen for future analysis. Since peroxisomes can also oxidize
      long-chain fatty acids, differentiation of the contributions from the peroxisome
      as opposed to the mitochondria is important. We studied the effects of freezing
      and storage of rat livers on peroxisomal and mitochondrial beta-oxidation as
      measured by cyanide sensitivity of the oxidation of [1-14C]oleoyl-CoA to 14CO2
      and acid-soluble labeled products. In addition, we examined the effects of
      freezing and storage on the rate-limiting enzyme for peroxisomal beta-oxidation,
      acyl-CoA oxidase, by the H2O2 generation method. Marked reduction in the
      oxidation of [1-14C]oleoyl-CoA was found for both peroxisomal and mitochondrial
      systems upon freezing at -18 or -70 degrees C for 2 days which declined further
      on storage at these temperatures for 12 weeks. Loss of activity after freezing
      was greater for the mitochondrial than the peroxisomal beta-oxidation system. By
      contrast, acyl-CoA oxidase activity was resistant to these changes, maintaining
      prefrozen activities despite storage for 12 weeks. The contribution of the
      peroxisomal system to beta-oxidation was 32% of the total rate of oxidation of [1
      14C]oleoyl-CoA in the rat liver. These findings indicate that the contributions
      of the peroxisomal system to total fatty acid oxidation may be considerable, that
      freezing of the liver results in drastic reduction in enzyme activities of both
      peroxisomal as well as mitochondrial beta-oxidation, but that the rate-limiting
      enzyme of the peroxisomal system, acyl-CoA oxidase, retains full activity despite
      freezing and storage.

PMID- 3395513
TI  - Clinical assay of the human erythrocyte lactate transporter. I. Principles,
      procedure, and validation.
AB  - A clinically applicable method for the assay of lactate efflux from human red
      cells has been developed and described in detail. It requires only small volumes
      of blood and routine chemicals, and evaluates the process under physiological
      conditions and direction of lactate loading and transport. The decline of red
      cell lactate level fit a first order decay curve reasonably well, and better than
      the fit to zero order or second order plots. Bias is controlled by the use of
      least-squares curve fitting for all assays, and constraints on the elimination of
      outlier points. The assay shows a variety of inhibitor effects that may be
      considered typical for this transporter: potent inhibition by p
      hydroxymercuribenzoate, but not by other types of sulfhydryl reagents; marked
      inhibition by phloretin, quercitin, and 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene; lack of
      inhibition by the amine-reactive agents that block the chloride/carbonate
      exchanger, DIDS and SITS; and reversible competitive inhibition by alpha-cyano-4
      OH-cinnamic acid. Harmaline and N-I-succinimide also produced effective
      inhibition. The assay also demonstrated transacceleration of L-lactate efflux in
      the presence of external additions of D-lactate, glycollate, iodoacetate,
      fluoropyruvate, and bromopyruvate, which are substituted monocarboxylates like
      lactate, but not by iodoacetamide or L-alanine. Such activation is a
      manifestation of a macromolecular carrier in operation, and cannot be explained
      by a pore or channel. These findings satisfy all reasonable criteria for a
      satisfactory and sensitive lactate transporter assay, which should be adequate to
      evaluate volunteers and patients for the normal range of this carrier, and to
      seek possible deficient states.

PMID- 3395514
TI  - Clinical assay of the human erythrocyte lactate transporter. II. Analysis and
      display of normal human data.
AB  - We have applied a lactate efflux assay to human red cells at two temperatures and
      with initial lactic acid loads up to 8 mM, metabolically generated. Efflux was
      about 1.5 times faster at external pH of 8.5 than at 7.5; the latter was the
      standard pH used thereafter. Multiple lactate loads in a single blood specimen
      demonstrated clear evidence of saturation kinetics at both pH levels, since the
      efflux rate did not increase proportionally with the lactate load. Best-fitting
      rectangular hyperboles were determined for 129-131 assays from 43 volunteers at
      20 degrees and 30 degrees. In most cases high and low lactate loads permitted a
      two-point evaluation of saturation kinetics, and a positive indication was
      obtained in 88 of 89 tests. The apparent efflux Km and Vm values may be
      influenced by pH as well as by lactate levels and cannot be taken as rigorous,
      although they agree reasonably well with literature data on influx and exchange
      velocities. The data displayed a Hill constant of 1, a 30 degrees/20 degrees
      velocity ratio of 2.7, and no significant clustering by sex or age. A single
      assay with initial lactate level above 5 mM at 30 degrees should be sufficient to
      identify cases with a defective transporter, using the 95% tolerance limits
      developed in this report.

PMID- 3395515
TI  - Predictors of AIDS developing in a cohort of Italian drug addicts: a 12-month
      follow-up study.

PMID- 3395516
TI  - Site-directed ELISA identifies a highly antigenic region of the simian
      immunodeficiency virus transmembrane glycoprotein.
AB  - The transmembrane glycoprotein (gp32) of the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)
      contains a highly antigenic region that includes amino acid residues 606-628. A
      synthetic peptide representing this region was highly immunoreactive with sera
      from SIV-infected primates in a site-directed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
      (ELISA). This reactivity extended across four primate species from three genera
      and identified infection with at least two distinct isolates of SIV. This site
      directed ELISA represents a simple, accessible method with broad specificity for
      screening large numbers of primates for antibodies against SIV.

PMID- 3395517
TI  - Nucleotide sequence analysis of the env gene of a new Zairian isolate of HIV-1.
AB  - As a further step in the continuing process of defining the extent and nature of
      variability of the envelope (env) gene of HIV-1, we have cloned a new Zairian
      isolate, JY1, and sequenced the env gene of this isolate. Although the
      restriction map of the env region of JY1 was found to be more similar to that of
      the American prototype, BH10, than maps of all previously reported Zairian
      isolates and some American isolates, nucleotide sequencing of the JY1 env gene
      showed that it is among the most divergent from BH10 yet reported and that it
      differs from previously reported Zairian isolates almost to the same extent that
      it differs from BH10. A typical pattern of variable and constant regions was
      seen. A number of complex duplications were found in the hypervariable regions of
      JY1. The unique and highly divergent nature of the env gene of JY1 enhances its
      usefulness as part of a panel of HIV-1 isolates being evaluated in biologic and
      immunologic studies toward vaccine development.

PMID- 3395519
TI  - [Cerebral aspergillosis as a cerebral vascular accident].
AB  - Cerebral aspergillosis is one of the most common mycotic infections in the
      central nervous system causing different clinical features such as brain abscess,
      granuloma, meningitis, and encephalitis. Cerebral aspergillosis, however, may
      lead to a cerebral vascular accident such as intracranial hemorrhage or cerebral
      infarction. In this report, we present two patients with cerebral aspergillosis
      accompanied by intracranial hemorrhage. A total of 124 reported cases of cerebral
      aspergillosis are reviewed to ascertain the pathogenesis of the associated
      vascular lesion. The first patient was a 9-year-old girl, who developed
      drowsiness with a headache during the medical treatment for acute myelocytic
      leukemia. CT disclosed subarachnoid and intraventricular hemorrhage. The autopsy
      revealed that the aspergillus arteritis was the cause of repeated hemorrhage. The
      second patient was a 15-year-old boy with allergic purpura and renal failure, who
      suddenly developed a stupor with convulsive seizure. CT disclosed an
      intracerebral hemorrhage in the right parieto-occipital area. The patient
      gradually deteriorated and died in spite of the surgical removal of the hematoma.
      The autopsy revealed that the hemorrhage was caused by the aspergillus arteritis.
      Cerebral aspergillosis has two routes of infection to the central nervous system:
      hematogenous dissemination from the distant site (usually the lung) and direct
      extension from the contiguous site (usually the paranasal sinuses or orbit). The
      primary mechanism of neuropathology is different between these two types. Primary
      cerebral arteritis is most often seen in patients with the former type, whereas
      primary basal meningitis occurs in the latter. The incidence of clinico
      pathological features is different between hematogenous dissemination type and
      direct extension type.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3395518
TI  - Heterosexual transmission of HIV in Greece.
AB  - To provide further evidence for the heterosexual transmission of the acquired
      immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in Greece we examined 53 Greek female steady
      heterosexual partners of 53 anti-HIV-positive men. Human immunodeficiency virus
      (HIV) transmission was estimated by the detection of anti-HIV antibodies. Our
      results showed that 27.8% (5 of 18) of the female partners of bisexuals, 33.3% (2
      of 6) of intravenous drug abusers (IVDA), and 100% (4 of 4) of those who had
      lived for a long time in Africa were found anti-HIV positive. In contrast, only
      4% (1 of 25) of the studied sexual partners of hemophiliac carriers were found to
      be HIV seropositive. The use of condoms seemed to be the most important factor in
      reducing HIV transmission. According to our results the duration of sexual
      relationships and the practice of anal intercourse did not increase the
      possibility of seroconversion. These results confirm the heterosexual
      transmission of HIV. However, further studies should be conducted to evaluate the
      relative role of various risk factors and the overall importance of heterosexual
      spread of HIV infections.

PMID- 3395522
TI  - [Cognitive function in patients with parkinsonism--in relationship with frontal
      lobe symptoms].
AB  - Whether the basal ganglia have a cognitive function or not is a worldwide
      dispute. We have examined 13 parkinsonian patients and 12 age-matched non
      parkinsonian controls using the Modified Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (MCST). All
      12 controls could achieve all 6 sets of categories which were successively
      changed. On the other hand, in the parkinsonians, 9 patients could achieve all 6
      sets, but 4 patients could do only 4 to 0 sets. The difference between the two
      groups was statistically significant. These 4 patients who showed poor
      achievement on MCST had tendency showing higher percentage of perseverative
      errors. Taking the proportion of perseverative error (PE) to total error (TE)
      revealed that the parkinsonian group had a peak ranged from 55% to 65% which
      meant higher occurrence of perseverative errors. When the 4 parkinsonians whose
      proportion of PE/TE on MCST was over 55% were excluded, a comparison of the
      parkinsonians with the controls showed no significant difference statistically in
      both groups. There were no clinical differences based upon Yahr's classification
      between the 4 parkinsonians with poor MCST score and those with the normal score.
      Among these parkinsonians whose proportion of PE/TE ranged from 55% to 65%, 3
      cases showed apparent frontal lobe signs and 3 mild dementia on Wechsler
      Intelligence Scale for Adults. Two patients with chorea-acanthocytosis and
      showing a marked atrophy of the caudate nucleus were also examined. They showed
      excellent results on MCST.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3395521
TI  - [Associative visual agnosia--a case report].
AB  - A 61 year-old right-handed man, a president of a company fell downstairs and was
      found unconscious on January 1, 1985. He was admitted to a hospital and he had
      been unresponsive for 10 days. As he recovered from the consciousness
      disturbance, he complained of difficulties in discrimination of common objects
      and in recognition of familiar faces. The patient was admitted to our hospital
      for the closer examination on July 29, 1985. There was no abnormality in the
      general physical examination on admission. Neurological examinations revealed no
      significant deficits except visual field disturbance. In the results of WAIS, the
      verbal IQ was 108, but the performance IQ was unmeasurable because of a presence
      of object agnosia. His spontaneous speech was fluent without paraphasia,
      perseveration or dysprosody. His auditory comprehension of spoken language and
      repetition were spared. Neuropsychological examinations revealed an impairment in
      the recent verbal memory, alexia, agraphia, object agnosia, color naming
      difficulty, prosopagnosia and visuospatial constructional disability. The patient
      exhibited three major neuropsychological characteristics. Firstly, the
      recognition of the objects which were presented by the photograph or line drawing
      was more severely impaired than the real objects. Secondly, the object naming
      difficulty was more pronounced in the presentation at an unusual angle than in
      the free presentation. Thirdly, the patient made poor performance in reproduction
      of the models by photographic presentation as compared with the presentation of
      the real models in the three-dimensional block construction test. The CT scan
      performed on January 4, 1985 demonstrated subcortical hematomas with surrounding
      edema in the temporo-occipital regions of both hemispheres.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3395520
TI  - [Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of intracranial chordomas].
AB  - MR images of 5 patients with intracranial chordoma were evaluated and compared
      with those of other clival lesions (1 clival osteomyelitis, 1 metastatic clival
      tumor, 3 clival meningiomas). The MR examination was performed using a 0.5 T
      superconductive magnet, with approximately 10 mm section thickness, one average
      and a 256 x 256 matrix. T1 weighted images were obtained by inversion recovery
      (IR) with TR 2100-2500 msec, TI 600 msec and TE 40 msec. T2 weighted images were
      obtained by spin echo pulse sequence with TR 1800-2500 msec and TE 120 msec (long
      SE). In several cases, the spin echo pulse sequences with TR 1000 msec and TE 40
      msec (short SE) were also done. Multiplaned images were obtained. Four of 5
      intracranial chordomas were low in intensity compared to cerebral gray matter on
      T1 weighted images, and all of 5 chordomas were as high in intensity as
      cerebrospinal fluid or higher than that of cerebrospinal fluid on T2 weighted
      images. Clival fatty marrow is high intensity on T1 weighted images. Clival
      involvement by a tumor was a clearly demonstrated as disappearance of this high
      intensity in all cases. In two cases, the tumor extended to the retropharyngeal
      space and this was detected clearly on short SE image. Although clival fatty
      marrow was disappeared, osteomyelitis and metastatic tumor in clivus were iso
      intense to cerebral gray matter on both T1 and T2 weighted images.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3395523
TI  - [Cortical and subcortical somatosensory evoked potentials to median nerve
      stimulation in man].
AB  - In order to define the precise locations of precentral and postcentral gyri
      during neurosurgical operations, somatosensory evoked potentials to contralateral
      median nerve stimulation were recorded from the cerebral cortex in 19 cases with
      organic cerebral lesions which located near the central sulcus. In addition to
      that, distribution patterns of early components of SEPs were displayed by
      Nihonkoden Atac 450 in 3 cases who had bone defects after wide decompressive
      craniectomy but were without any sensory disturbances In 4 cases, in whom deep
      electrodes were inserted for the stereotaxic operations or other reasons, frontal
      subcortical SEPs were recorded in order to know the origins of frontal components
      of SEPs. From the parietal cortex, N19, P22 and P23 were observed. And from the
      frontal cortex, P20 and N25 were obtained. Their average peak latencies were as
      follows; (table; see text) Because all subjects had organic lesion in the brain,
      the peak latencies were a little bit longer, and their standard deviations were
      larger than those in normal cases. Usually, clear-cut phase reversal could be
      observed between N19 and P20 across the central sulcus. So, the precentral and
      postcentral gyri were easily identified during the operations. N19 and P23
      appeared over the wide areas of the parietal cortex. Also, P20 and N25 were
      recorded almost whole areas of the frontal cortex. On the other hand, P22
      appeared from relatively restricted part of the postcentral gyrus where sensory
      hand area might have been located. Depth recording from the frontal subcortical
      area revealed that P20 could be recorded from the bilateral frontal subcortical
      areas and there observed no phase reversal between the cortical and subcortical
      SEPs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3395524
TI  - The reliability of measuring left ventricular ejection fraction by radionuclide
      cardiography: evaluation by the method of variance components.
AB  - A statistical model based on the method of variance components was applied to
      obtain confidence statements for single and repeat determinations of left
      ventricular ejection fraction by radionuclide techniques. With this approach
      variance caused by individual factors in the measurement procedure is estimated
      to allow calculation of confidence intervals based on single measurements and the
      detection limits for changes. Six study groups made up of a total of 143 subjects
      were examined by both multigated equilibrium and first pass imaging. Under
      favourable conditions (with an updated gamma camera and experienced observer) the
      95% confidence interval with a single measurement of left ventricular ejection
      fraction by equilibrium imaging was +/- 3 ejection fraction units, compared with
      +/- 6 units with the first pass technique (one ejection fraction unit = 1/100 of
      the possible values from 0.00 to 1.00). The minimal significant changes (at the
      5% level) in measured equilibrium left ventricular ejection fraction at intervals
      of 15 min, 3 days, 1, 3, and 4 weeks were +/- 4, +/- 4, +/- 5, +/- 5, and +/- 6
      units, respectively. The corresponding minimal detectable changes in a subject's
      "true" left ventricular ejection fraction for the same intervals were +/- 7, +/-
      7, +/- 10, +/- 10, and +/- 12 units respectively. With first pass imaging, only
      average values for the variation at repeat determination could be calculated. The
      minimal significant change in measured first pass left ventricular ejection
      fraction was +/- 7 units, and the minimal detectable change in "true" left
      ventricular ejection fraction was +/- 14 units. Measurements of left ventricular
      ejection fraction by equilibrium technique were generally more reproducible than
      first pass determinations because the variability caused by study acquisition,
      observer analysis, and residual errors was smaller. The method of variance
      components appears to be well suited to the evaluation of quantitative biological
      measurements in clinical use. The popularity of established procedures may
      obscure the lack of basic information about method evaluation.

PMID- 3395525
TI  - Influence of aging on Doppler echocardiographic indices of left ventricular
      diastolic function.
AB  - The influence of age on six Doppler echocardiographic indices of left ventricular
      diastolic function was assessed in 86 normal volunteers aged from 20 to 74 years
      (mean 36). Five of the six indices showed a linear relation with age. Duration of
      isovolumic relaxation and maximal late diastolic (atrial) flow velocity increased
      significantly with age (r = 0.34 and r = 0.69), respectively). Conversely,
      maximal early diastolic flow velocity, the rate of decrease (deceleration) of
      flow velocity in early diastole, and the ratio between maximal early and late
      diastolic flow velocities decreased significantly with age (r = -0.30, r = -0.40,
      and r = -0.63, respectively). Duration of the early diastolic flow velocity peak
      did not show a linear relation with age (r = 0.04). Comparison of Doppler indices
      of diastolic performance among different age groups (20 to 29 years, 30 to 49
      years, and 50 to 74 years) also showed an influence of aging on these diastolic
      variables. Isovolumic relaxation was significantly longer in older subjects than
      in either the intermediate or the younger age groups. In addition, both the rate
      of decrease of flow velocity in early diastole and the ratio between maximal
      early and late diastolic flow velocities were significantly reduced in older
      subjects. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that after adjustment
      for left ventricular wall thickness and cavity dimension, percentage systolic
      shortening, and heart rate, age continued to correlate significantly with most
      Doppler indices of diastolic function. The isovolumic relaxation phase and the
      early and late filling phases of diastole, as assessed by Doppler
      echocardiography, are importantly and independently affected by aging. Hence the
      effects of age should be taken into account when the normal limits for Doppler
      indices of left ventricular diastolic function are defined.

PMID- 3395527
TI  - Acute hepatitis after parenteral amiodarone administration.
AB  - Amiodarone is believed to have caused acute hepatitis 24 hours after intravenous
      administration in two patients in whom no other alternative cause of hepatitis
      was found.

PMID- 3395526
TI  - Reproducibility of cardiac output measurement by cross sectional and Doppler
      echocardiography.
AB  - The variability of Doppler echocardiographic estimation of cardiac output at the
      aortic orifice was investigated in eight healthy subjects. Cross sectional
      echocardiograms of the aortic orifice and aortic Doppler velocities were recorded
      and measured by four echocardiographers. Between subject variability was
      significantly larger than within subject variability for all variables.
      Variability owing to different echocardiographers and different measurement times
      was small compared with total variability. Coefficients of variation for aortic
      annular diameter, aortic velocity integral, and heart rate were 4.1%, 6.4%, and
      5.0% respectively. The coefficient of variation for cardiac output was 8.8% and
      the 95% confidence interval for measurement of cardiac output by the Doppler
      method was 4.45 to 6.35 l/min. One echocardiographer reanalysed all the
      recordings and the results showed that recording the echocardiograms introduces a
      significantly larger source of error than measuring them. Thus serial
      measurements of cardiac output by the Doppler method can be performed with
      acceptable reproducibility; this indicates that the technique can be accurately
      applied in clinical practice.

PMID- 3395529
TI  - Transient abnormal septal motion after non-surgical closure of the ductus
      arteriosus.
AB  - Abnormal septal motion on M mode echocardiography was seen in eight of 16
      patients soon after non-surgical closure of the ductus arteriosus. Ten to twenty
      nine months after the procedure the abnormal septal motion had disappeared
      spontaneously. The cross section of the left ventricular cavity was circular both
      when septal motion was abnormal and when it was normal. Cross sectional
      echocardiography showed that there was an exaggerated anterior swinging motion of
      the heart in systole in patients with abnormal septal motion on the M mode
      recordings. The left ventricular end diastolic diameter before closure was
      significantly larger, and its reduction after closure was more pronounced in
      those with abnormal septal motion than in those without. This suggested that the
      abnormal septal motion was associated with relief of long standing left
      ventricular volume overload. It is suggested that acute shrinkage of the heart
      caused temporary laxity of the pericardium, and consequently more movement of the
      heart within the thorax. The return of normal septal motion suggests that the
      pericardium gradually shrank to accommodate the smaller heart.

PMID- 3395528
TI  - Biventricular function in Friedreich's ataxia: a radionuclide angiographic study.
AB  - The systolic and diastolic function of both ventricles was assessed by
      radionuclide angiography in 21 patients with Friedreich's ataxia and hypertrophic
      cardiomyopathy. The indices of systolic function of the two ventricles and those
      of diastolic function of the right ventricle were generally normal. But in
      patients with Friedreich's ataxia the time to peak filling rate divided by the
      diastolic time of the left ventricle was significantly larger than normal. The
      increase correlated with the heart rate (r = 0.79) and this suggests an
      alteration in the timing of ventricle filling that is more evident at high heart
      rates. Movement of the left ventricle was little impaired; however, in 48% of the
      patients with Friedreich's ataxia the right ventricle showed evidence of
      hypokinetic segments. Because there is a tendency for congestive heart failure to
      develop in patients with Friedreich's ataxia, this hypokinesis of the right
      ventricle should be monitored at follow up.

PMID- 3395530
TI  - A histological study of the atrioventricular junction in hearts with normal and
      prolapsed leaflets of the mitral valve.
AB  - The mitral annulus is the point at which the atrial and ventricular walls meet
      the base of the mitral valve cusps. The suggestion that a variant of this
      arrangement termed "disjunction" was associated with prolapse of the leaflets
      prompted examination of the mitral atrioventricular junctions in seven normal
      hearts and six with prolapse owing to floppy mitral valves. A complete cord-like
      ring of connective tissue that encircled the atrioventricular junction and into
      which the three components were inserted at the same point was found in only one
      heart. The remaining hearts all showed a mixture of segments in which either the
      three components were inserted into a cord or simply met. Disjunction, defined as
      a separation of the atrial wall-mitral valve junction from the other component,
      the left ventricular wall, can occur both with and without a cord-like annulus.
      There was no significant difference in the number of segments around the left
      atrioventricular junction which showed disjunction in hearts with normal or
      prolapsing leaflets. The feature termed disjunction is an anatomical variation of
      the normal morphological characteristics of the left atrioventricular junction.

PMID- 3395531
TI  - Two simultaneous right ventricular tachycardias in a case of arrhythmogenic right
      ventricular dysplasia.
AB  - A 51 year old woman with arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia had two types
      of ventricular tachycardia--(a) a regular and sustained tachycardia and with
      normal frontal plane axis on electrocardiography and (b) an irregular non
      sustained tachycardia with a leftward frontal plane axis. Changes in the QRS
      complex were sometimes seen during the sustained ventricular tachycardia. The
      clinical, electrocardiographic, and electrophysiological data were consistent
      with the diagnosis of two different and sometimes simultaneous tachycardias
      originating in the right ventricle. This case suggests a possible new mechanism
      for the multiform appearances of the ventricular tachycardia.

PMID- 3395532
TI  - Echocardiographic diagnosis of multiple congenital aneurysms of the sinus of
      Valsalva.
AB  - Aortic regurgitation developed in a 56 year old man with severe nephrotic
      syndrome. Cross sectional echocardiography showed bilateral aneurysms of the
      sinus of Valsalva and a bicuspid aortic valve. He died of intercurrent pneumonia.
      Postmortem examination confirmed the presence of the congenital aneurysms.

PMID- 3395534
TI  - The lessons of CEPOD.

PMID- 3395533
TI  - Da Costa's syndrome or neurocirculatory asthenia.

PMID- 3395535
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of midazolam in anaesthetized cirrhotic patients.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of midazolam were compared in cirrhotic patients (n = 10)
      and control patients (n = 9), during general anaesthesia. Total plasma clearance
      was 637 +/- 223 ml min-1 (mean +/- SD) in control patients and 402 +/- 170 ml min
      1 in cirrhotic patients (P less than 0.05). The total volume of distribution was
      similar. Elimination half-life was 135 +/- 40 min in controls and 168 +/- 30 min
      in cirrhosis (P less than 0.05). Protein binding was evaluated by equilibrium
      dialysis in both groups at two concentrations of midazolam: 20 and 500 micrograms
      litre-1. No saturation occurred, but the free fraction was 4.9 +/- 1.7% in
      cirrhotic patients, compared with 1.9 +/- 0.6% in controls (P less than 0.01).
      Despite its mainly hepatic elimination, midazolam disposition appears to be only
      slightly impaired in cirrhotic patients.

PMID- 3395536
TI  - Protection against myocardial ischaemia by prior haemodilution with fluorocarbon
      emulsions.
AB  - The possible prophylactic effects of Fluosol-DA 20% (FDA) haemodilution against
      myocardial hypoxia were studied in two groups of anaesthetized immature pigs.
      Precalibrated 200-micron diameter oxygen microelectrodes were inserted to the
      myocardium of the left ventricle. One group of animals was haemodiluted with FDA
      and both groups received 100% oxygen (plus halothane). The lower one-third of the
      left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded; this caused no significant
      cardiovascular changes. Analysis from the microelectrodes in the most hypoxic
      areas of the myocardium revealed significant decreases in myocardial oxygen
      tension (PmO2) in the control group 15 min after occlusion in the FDA-diluted
      group. Analysis of other electrodes suggested greater hyperaemic compensatory
      response in ischaemic border areas in the FDA-treated group.

PMID- 3395537
TI  - Isoflurane and large coronary artery haemodynamics. A study in dogs.
AB  - In the dog, stepped increases in isoflurane concentration (up to 1.5 MAC) caused
      peripheral and coronary vasodilatation. In the presence of significant decreases
      in arterial pressure (-35%), contractility (-46%), cardiac output (-17%) and
      coronary perfusion pressure (-40%), coronary blood flow remained unchanged, while
      the effective coronary vascular resistance was halved. The coronary reserve,
      estimated by the hyperaemic response to short periods (10 s) of coronary
      occlusion was reduced by the stepped increases in isoflurane concentration.
      Linear relationships were observed between peak hyperaemic flow, volume
      repayment, repayment: deficit ratio and coronary perfusion pressure. The
      vasodilation induced by isoflurane was of such magnitude that, at 1.5 MAC, the
      repayment: deficit ratio was close to unity, indicating that the vasodilatory
      reserve was almost exhausted.

PMID- 3395538
TI  - Comparison of the effects of isoflurane or fentanyl-nitrous oxide anaesthesia on
      propranolol disposition in dogs.
AB  - The disposition of propranolol was studied, using dual-route administration, in
      two groups of six dogs. Each dog was studied on three consecutive days: day 1
      awake, day 2 during anaesthesia, and day 3, 24 h after anaesthesia. Anaesthesia
      was with isoflurane 2.0 MAC (in oxygen) in one group and with a fentanyl-nitrous
      oxide-atracurium regimen in the other group. In the group receiving fentanyl,
      anaesthesia caused a significant decrease (63%) in intrinsic clearance from the
      day 1 value (P less than 0.05) and a 45% decrease in systemic clearance (P less
      than 0.05). Hepatic plasma flow decreased by 27% (ns). A similar pattern was
      found with isoflurane: intrinsic clearance decreased by 53% (P less than 0.05)
      and systemic clearance by 40% (P less than 0.05). Hepatic plasma flow decreased
      by 40% (ns). In both groups, the values 24 h after anaesthesia were not
      significantly different from those obtained on day 1. Anaesthesia with either
      fentanyl-nitrous oxide-atracurium or isoflurane has a marked, but short-lasting
      effect on the disposition of propranolol, in part as a result of a decrease in
      intrinsic clearance.

PMID- 3395539
TI  - Cardiovascular actions of trimetaphan nitroprusside. Comparison with sodium
      nitroprusside in greyhounds.
AB  - Trimetaphan nitroprusside (TNP) is a new potent hypotensive agent developed to
      induce and maintain decreases in arterial pressure unaccompanied by resistance.
      This study investigated its properties and compared them with those of sodium
      nitroprusside (SNP) in anaesthetized greyhounds. The mean dose response to TNP
      was obtained by measuring haemodynamic changes in five dogs. With increasing
      doses, stepwise decreases in mean arterial pressure and progressive increases in
      heart rate occurred: cardiac index did not change significantly. In a further six
      greyhounds, SNP and TNP were alternately infused to induce and maintain a 30%
      reduction in arterial pressure for 30 min. Both drugs were short-acting,
      decreased systemic vascular resistance and caused tachycardia. Infusion of TNP
      produced lower plasma and red cell cyanide concentrations; SNP maintained
      hypotension with significantly less tachycardia. We conclude that there was no
      outstanding advantage of TNP over SNP when given as a short-term infusion in
      greyhounds.

PMID- 3395540
TI  - Effect of the preoperative administration of water on gastric volume and pH.
AB  - Since the preoperative administration of water might promote gastric emptying and
      dilute the remaining gastric contents, 50 patients were investigated before
      elective surgery. One group was given water 100 ml 2 h before operation; the
      other group was fasted as usual. Volume and pH of gastric contents were measured
      immediately after the induction of anaesthesia. Although the mean gastric residue
      was less in those patients who were given water, the differences were not
      statistically significant. There was no difference in gastric pH between the two
      groups.

PMID- 3395541
TI  - Observations concerning the nature of sites of anaesthetic action in Gammarus.
AB  - We report the effects of n-alkanols (n-butanol to n-octanol), methyl carboxylic
      esters (methyl propionate to methyl octanoate) and n-alkyl ketones (2-pentanone
      to 2-nonanone) on a fast reflex escape response to a mechanical stimulus in
      Gammarus. ED50 concentrations and the relationships between In ED50 and chain
      length are given for each compound and series. For the n-alkanols, this
      relationship is well fit by a straight line (r2 = 1.000), with no evidence for a
      plateau between hexanol and heptanol. The standard free energy of transfer of a
      methylene group from water to a site of action in Gammarus is given for each
      series. The value for the esters is significantly smaller than that for the n
      alkanols and ketones. These free energies are compared with those from other
      model systems, with the conclusion that further investigation of the differences
      between n-alkanols and esters will increase our understanding of the physico
      chemical nature of the site(s) of action of general anaesthetics.

PMID- 3395542
TI  - Premedication with slow release morphine (MST) and adjuvants.
AB  - Sixty-one women undergoing major gynaecological surgery received slow release
      morphine (MST) 60 mg, with placebo, hyoscine 0.6 mg or diazepam 10 mg, by mouth 2
      h before surgery. Plasma morphine concentrations reached a steady level usually
      within 3 h after administration of MST, and did not increase after surgery unless
      supplementary opioid was given. Hyoscine delayed morphine absorption. Before
      operation no fewer than 50% of patients were sedated after MST alone, but this
      increased to 85% after MST and diazepam. Similarly, only the combination MST and
      diazepam produced anxiolysis. Postoperative mood was unhappier after MST and
      hyoscine. Emesis occurred in 40-57% of patients, and was not reduced by hyoscine.
      Therefore premedication with MST alone did not produce reliable sedation or
      anxiolysis. A combination of hyoscine and MST premedication cannot be
      recommended, as it did not produce sedation, anxiolysis or antiemesis and
      hyoscine may have delayed morphine absorption.

PMID- 3395543
TI  - Comparison of two methods of axillary brachial plexus anaesthesia.
AB  - Comparison of the trans-arterial and Winnie techniques of axillary brachial
      plexus block was made in two groups of patients. This study did not find any
      statistical difference between the two techniques.

PMID- 3395544
TI  - Continuous extradural infusion of 0.125% bupivacaine for pain relief after lower
      abdominal surgery.
AB  - Twenty women, undergoing lower abdominal surgery, were allocated randomly to
      receive a continuous extradural infusion of either 0.125% bupivacaine or placebo
      at a rate of 15 ml h-1. All had received an intra-operative extradural block.
      Pain scores were recorded at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 240 and 360 min after
      surgery. From 150 min onwards there was a significant benefit for those receiving
      the active drug. Six of nine patients in this group had adequate analgesia over
      the 6-h study period, while all patients in the placebo group required further
      pain relief.

PMID- 3395545
TI  - Decontamination of halothane from anaesthetic machines achieved by continuous
      flushing with oxygen.
AB  - The contamination of four types of anaesthetic machine with halothane was
      sequentially sampled by mass spectrometry while the machines were continuously
      flushed with oxygen 8 litre min-1 for up to 24 h. Contamination decreased in an
      exponential manner. Machines fitted with Selectatec vaporizer mounting systems
      and with the vaporizer removed showed contamination less than 0.02 parts per
      million (p.p.m.) of halothane after 12 h flushing. Machines with cage-mounted
      vaporizers or with vaporizers left connected to the Selectatec block demonstrated
      persisting contamination. The Fluotec Mk.4 vaporizer showed an improvement on
      earlier designs in this respect. Background contamination concentrations of
      greater than 0.05 p.p.m. were measured in a patient-free recovery area of an
      operating theatre suite. Concentrations increased to 1 p.p.m. when patients were
      admitted following halothane anaesthesia. Decontamination of anaesthetic machines
      to concentrations of halothane below those detected as background contamination
      within recovery areas may allow such machines to be used safely to anaesthetize
      patients at risk from halothane.

PMID- 3395546
TI  - Lower oesophageal contractility and surgical stimulation.

PMID- 3395547
TI  - Gastric emptying in pregnancy.

PMID- 3395548
TI  - Suxamethonium-sensitive genotypes.

PMID- 3395550
TI  - Vascular function and the probability of skin necrosis after photodynamic
      therapy: an experimental study.
AB  - The clearance of an intradermally-injected solution of 133Xenon in 0.9% saline
      has been used to study the impairment and recovery of blood flow in mouse tail
      for 5 days following photodynamic therapy (PDT) with 2mg TPPS i.v. per mouse and
      a range of doses of white light. Impairment of blood flow was observed within 10
      min of light exposure. Blood flow increased between day 1 and day 5 at light
      doses less than 151J cm-2 and had returned to control levels by day 5 at light
      doses less than 129J cm-2. In mice treated with a light dose that caused a 50%
      incidence of necrosis, there was no significant difference in the initial xenon
      clearance half-time (measured at 10 min and 1 day after PDT) between those mice
      which developed tail necrosis and those which healed. However, the latter showed
      significantly greater improvement in vascular function on days 2, 3 and 4. This
      suggests that the timing and extent of recovery of blood flow determined the risk
      of necrosis in individual mice.

PMID- 3395549
TI  - Characterisation of VP-16-induced DNA cleavage in oestrogen-stimulated human
      breast cancer cells.
AB  - Cycling cells are recognised to be more susceptible than quiescent cells to the
      cytotoxic action of many commonly used cancer chemotherapeutic agents. We have
      found that oestrogen stimulation of T-47D human breast cancer cells is
      accompanied by a two-fold increase in VP-16-induced DNA cleavage as measured by
      alkaline DNA unwinding, and that this increase in DNA cleavage is accompanied by
      a corresponding enhancement of drug-induced cytostasis. The enhancement of VP-16
      induced DNA cleavage seen with oestrogen exposure is antagonised both by
      antioestrogen treatment and by cycloheximide, an inhibitor of protein synthesis,
      but not by the DNA synthesis inhibitor aphidicolin. Increased c-myc protein
      synthesis is detectable within an hour of oestrogen exposure, while increased VP
      16-induced DNA cleavage is detectable within 4h and increased DNA synthesis
      within 16h. Only small changes in cell-cycle distribution occur with oestrogen
      stimulation. In the absence of VP-16, oestrogen does not reduce DNA double
      strandedness, nor does it induce changes in chromatin structure as measured by
      alterations in DNA superhelicity or chromatin accessibility. These findings
      suggest that oestrogen enhances VP-16-induced DNA damage in asynchronously
      growing G1-phase cells and that this enhancement may be dependent at some point
      upon de novo protein synthesis. Oestrogen pre-treatment of T-47D human breast
      cancer cells improves the therapeutic index of VP-16 without the need for cell
      synchronisation or highly precise drug scheduling.

PMID- 3395551
TI  - Ineffective photodynamic therapy (PDT) in a poorly vascularized xenograft model.
AB  - Haematoporphyrin derivative (HPD) photodynamic therapy (PDT) may have clinical
      application in the management of patients with retinoblastoma.
      Heterotransplantation of retinoblastoma cells into the anterior chamber of the
      nude mouse eye and the subsequent growth of small tumour masses has provided a
      model for evaluation of various therapeutic modalities. Ninety-four evaluable
      xenograft tumours in 54 nude mice were randomized to receive one of the following
      treatments: cyclophosphamide (CPM) alone, HPD-PDT alone, CPM followed by HPD-PDT,
      HPD-PDT followed by CPM, or saline control. Responses were demonstrated after CPM
      treatment in all three relevant groups. However, HPD-PDT was found to be
      ineffective either alone or as a contributor in the double modality treatment
      groups. The small tumour masses treated can be demonstrated histologically to be
      avascular. It is proposed that although the same retinoblastoma cells in
      different circumstances are responsive to HPD-PDT, no clinical response is
      demonstrable utilizing this model, due to the absence of tumor vascularity.

PMID- 3395552
TI  - Modulation of antifolate cytotoxicity by metabolites from dying cells in a
      lymphocyte clonal assay.
AB  - A lymphocyte clonal assay developed to quantitate in vivo somatic cell mutations
      at the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase locus was modified in order
      to study resistance to methotrexate. Even though nucleoside-free culture
      conditions were used methotrexate was not lethal to lymphocytes plated into micro
      wells at greater than 10(2) cells/well. HPLC analysis of supernatants from wells
      plated initially with 10(4) cells/well in 100 microM methotrexate revealed the
      presence of micro-molar levels of hypoxanthine and thymidine by the 5th and 8th
      day of culture respectively. When lymphocytes were plated at less than or equal
      to 10(2) cells/well in nucleoside free medium, methotrexate was cytotoxic and
      micro-molar levels of thymidine together with hypoxanthine protected lymphocytes
      cultured under these conditions from toxicity. Modulation of nucleic acid
      antimetabolite cytotoxicity by nucleosides and bases has been recognised for some
      years. Nucleoside free culture conditions have been advocated for studying
      cellular sensitivity to antifolates to avoid such interfering factors. However
      our results indicate that metabolites from dying or damaged cells can prevent
      methotrexate cytotoxicity, further complicating the development of a suitable
      clonogenic assay for investigating antifolate sensitivity.

PMID- 3395553
TI  - Conjugation of monoclonal antibodies to a synthetic peptide substrate for protein
      kinase: a method for labelling antibodies with 32P.
AB  - In recent years, radiolabelled monoclonal antibodies have been evaluated for
      their use in the diagnosis and treatment of neoplastic disease. One isotope which
      has not been assessed for antibody targeting is 32P, even though it has many
      favourable radiobiological characteristics and has been used clinically for the
      treatment of certain neoplastic disorders such as polycythaemia rubra vera. The
      main drawback so far in using 32P has been the absence of a general method for
      phosphorylating antibodies. We have now developed a novel process for the
      phosphorylation of immunoglobulins which is rapid, efficient and allows high
      specific activities to be achieved (greater than 10 muCi micrograms-1). The
      technique involves the chemical conjugation of Kemptide, a synthetic heptapeptide
      substrate for kinases, to immunoglobulins. The antibody-Kemptide conjugate can
      then be phosphorylated using protein kinases and [32P]-gamma-ATP. The procedure
      does not compromise the binding activity of the antibody. The 32P-labelled
      monoclonal antibodies were stable in human, mouse and rat plasmas in vitro,
      although they cleared from the bloodstream of mice with a beta-phase half life of
      2 days which is approximately two times faster than that of native antibody. The
      application of this phosphorylation technique should allow the therapeutic
      potential of targeted 32P to be assessed.

PMID- 3395555
TI  - The prognostic value of morphometrical features and cellular DNA content in cis
      platin treated late ovarian cancer patients.
AB  - In 73 CAP-1 treated stage III and IV ovarian cancers, the prognostic significance
      of morphometric features and cellular DNA content has been evaluated in
      comparison with histologic type, grade of differentiation and a number of
      clinical characteristics. Borderline tumours were excluded from the study. Median
      follow-up was 44 months, median survival time 36 months. Single features
      associated with prognosis were (in order of decreasing significance according to
      single variate analysis): FIGO stage (P = 0.0002), bulky disease (P = 0.004),
      standard deviation and mean of nuclear area (P = 0.0006 and P = 0.01), cellular
      DNA content (P = 0.01), mitotic activity index (P = 0.08) and volume percentage
      epithelium (P = 0.13, not quite significant). Tumours with a mean nuclear area
      greater than 70 micron2 (which occurred in 35% of the cases) were nearly all
      aneuploid. Multivariate analysis showed that the statistically most significant
      prognostic combination of features consisted of mean nuclear area, presence or
      absence of bulky disease and FIGO stage (in order of decreasing importance)
      (Mantel-Cox = 23.07, P less than 0.00001). A low value for the multivariate
      function of this combination of features was associated with a poor prognosis
      within 24 months, a high value with a favourable outcome. Another favourable
      combination of features appeared to be diploid cellular DNA content and a low
      mitotic activity index (11 patients, one died). However, even with the
      prognostically most favourable combination of these features, several patients
      died. Of all combinations of features investigated, only two were associated with
      an excellent prognosis (low mitotic activity index and low volume percentage
      epithelium). Cancers of 7 patients (10%) displayed such features, and none of
      them died during the follow-up period (minimally 20 and maximally 54 months). It
      is concluded that morphometric and flow cytometric analysis can provide
      significant and objective information to predict the prognosis of cis-platin
      treated advanced ovarian cancer patients.

PMID- 3395556
TI  - Immunocytochemical staining of proliferating cells in fine needle aspiration
      smears of primary and metastatic breast tumours.

PMID- 3395554
TI  - Intracapillary HbO2 saturations in murine tumours and human tumour xenografts
      measured by cryospectrophotometry: relationship to tumour volume, tumour pH and
      fraction of radiobiologically hypoxic cells.
AB  - Frequency distributions for intracapillary HbO2 saturation were determined for
      two murine tumour lines (KHT, RIF-1) and two human ovarian carcinoma xenograft
      lines (MLS, OWI) using a cryospectrophotometric method. The aim was to search for
      possible relationships between HbO2 saturation status and tumour volume, tumour
      pH and fraction of radiobiologically hypoxic cells. Tumour pH was measured by 31P
      NMR spectroscopy. Hypoxic fractions were determined from cell survival curves for
      tumours irradiated in vivo and assayed in vitro. Tumours in the volume range 100
      4000 mm3 were studied and the majority of the vessels were found to have HbO2
      saturations below 10%. The volume-dependence of the HbO2 frequency distributions
      differed significantly among the four tumour lines; HbO2 saturation status
      decreased with increasing tumour volume for the KHT, RIF-1 and MLS lines and was
      independent of tumour volume for the OWI line. The data indicated that the rate
      of decrease in HbO2 saturation status during tumour growth was related to the
      rate of development of necrosis. The volume-dependence of tumour pH was very
      similar to that of the HbO2 saturation status for all tumour lines. Significant
      correlations were therefore found between HbO2 saturation status and tumour pH,
      both within tumour lines and across the four tumour lines, reflecting that the
      volume-dependence of both parameters probably was a compulsory consequence of
      reduced oxygen supply conditions during tumour growth. Hypoxic fraction increased
      during tumour growth for the KHT, RIF-1 and MLS lines and was volume-independent
      for the OWI line, suggesting a relationship between HbO2 saturation status and
      hypoxic fraction within tumour lines. However, there was no correlation between
      these two parameters across the four tumour lines, indicating that the hypoxic
      fraction of a tumour is not determined only by the oxygen supply conditions;
      other parameters may also be important, e.g. oxygen diffusivity, rate of oxygen
      consumption and cell survival time under hypoxic stress.

PMID- 3395557
TI  - A negative phase II trial methylene dimethane sulphonate in advanced ovarian
      cancer (Cancer Research Campaign Phase I/II Trials Committee).
AB  - Methylene dimethane sulphonate (MDMS), the first member of the homologous series
      of dimethane sulphonic acid esters, was administered to 19 patients with advanced
      epithelial ovarian cancer. All patients had received prior chemotherapy and in
      addition 3 had received prior radiotherapy. MDMS was given as an i.v. bolus
      injection at a dose of 125mg m-2 and repeated in a q35 day schedule. Ten patients
      received only one course, six two courses, two three courses and one four
      courses. The major toxicity was thrombocytopenia which was cumulative. Serious
      neutropenia did not occur and no infective episodes requiring i.v. antibiotics
      were seen. Seven patients experience hair loss and four nausea and vomiting.
      Sixteen patients were evaluable for response but no objective remissions were
      seen although three patients had stable disease lasting at least 8 weeks. MDMS is
      therefore not recommended for further trial in epithelial ovarian carcinoma.

PMID- 3395558
TI  - Cytostatic activity of oxidized tetracycline in vitro: relevance for the
      treatment of malignant effusions?

PMID- 3395559
TI  - Multiple myeloma--a case-control study.
AB  - A total of 399 patients with multiple myeloma and an equal number of match
      controls were interviewed about factors possibly related to the causes of their
      disease. Factors studied included occupation, chemical exposure, radiation
      exposure, prior diseases, immunizations, chronic infections and markers for
      defects in immune regulation. A strong risk associated with agriculture/food
      processing was observed (RR = 1.8, P = 0.002). The risk could not be restricted
      to those exposed to animals or meat products, or those exposed to pesticides.
      Significant excesses were also noted for reported exposures to chemicals and
      gases/fumes, but no specific agent or group of agents could be identified. Cases
      had fewer tonsillectomies above the age of 10 (P = 0.01). A large excess of
      shingles (herpes zoster) was observed in cases (P less than 0.001), but most of
      the excess cases occurred within 10 years of diagnosis, suggesting this was a
      preclinical manifestation of disease rather than a cause of it.

PMID- 3395560
TI  - Eosinophil chemotactic factor in tumour tissue from a patient with Kimura's
      disease.
AB  - An extract of tumour tissue from a patient with Kimura's disease was tested for
      eosinophil chemotactic activity using the Boyden chamber method. Eosinophil
      chemotactic activity was detected in the tissue extract, and after gel filtration
      maximum activity was found in the fraction with a molecular weight of
      approximately 1000 daltons. This factor may play a role in the tissue
      eosinophilia which occurs in Kimura's disease.

PMID- 3395561
TI  - Combined cold urticaria and cholinergic urticaria--clinical characterization and
      laboratory findings.
AB  - Thirteen patients with both cold and cholinergic urticaria are reported. There
      was considerable variability, particularly in the cold urticaria which was of the
      common cold contact type in seven patients, of the generalized cold induced
      cholinergic type in two and in four patients the lesions induced by direct
      contact with ice were morphologically like cholinergic urticaria, but appeared
      despite prior application of an acetyl choline antagonist. The natural history,
      laboratory findings and the effects of therapy are discussed.

PMID- 3395562
TI  - Site-specific melanocytic naevus counts as predictors of whole body naevi.
AB  - Counts of melanocytic naevi of 2 mm or greater diameter on all body sites were
      conducted in 197 Caucasian adults in Scotland. Mean naevus numbers were greater
      in young than in older adults, and in females than in males. Naevus counts on the
      upper limbs, lower limbs, and trunk were strongly and significantly correlated
      with each other and with whole body counts. Thus, where whole body counts are
      impractical, counting naevi at any of these individual sites should provide a
      satisfactory method for studying naevus distribution in large populations.

PMID- 3395563
TI  - Successful resolution of severe perianal ulceration with photochemotherapy
      (PUVA).
AB  - We report a case of recurrent perianal ulceration associated with
      gastrointestinal symptoms, but without evidence of underlying disease, that
      responded to a course of photochemotherapy (PUVA).

PMID- 3395564
TI  - The action spectrum in quinine photosensitivity.
AB  - The action spectrum for 24-h ultraviolet erythema was determined in three elderly
      patients who presented with a photosensitive eruption and who were taking quinine
      sulphate for night cramps. In each case the in vivo action spectrum was
      consistent with the absorption spectrum of quinine, and extended from about 370
      nm to at least the lower wavelength limit of terrestrial sunlight (approximately
      300 nm). Calculations based upon the combination of the action spectrum for
      quinine photosensitivity, the spectrum of terrestrial sunlight, and the
      transmission properties of various topical sunscreens, indicated that a broad
      absorption spectrum sunscreen would be required to provide adequate
      photoprotection.

PMID- 3395565
TI  - Nail dystrophy in chronic sarcoidosis.
AB  - We report details of five patients with nail dystrophy associated with
      sarcoidosis. All had bone cysts in the underlying terminal phalanx and had a
      chronic course of the disease. Radiological examination is indicated in patients
      with sarcoidosis and nail dystrophy as bone cysts are frequently asymptomatic.

PMID- 3395566
TI  - Contact urticaria to locusts.
AB  - We describe a case of allergic contact urticaria provoked by locusts in a
      laboratory research worker. One of her colleagues also had locust-induced contact
      urticaria, and another had asthma provoked by locust exposure. Contact urticaria
      to locusts is an occupational hazard apparently well known to professional
      entomologists, but one which has not previously been described in the
      dermatological literature, to my knowledge.

PMID- 3395567
TI  - Aplasia cutis congenita presenting as a familial triad of atrophic alopecia,
      ocular defects and a peculiar scarring tendency of the skin.
AB  - We report two siblings with atrophic alopecia, ocular defects and an abnormal
      tendency to cutaneous scarring. To our knowledge this appears to be the first
      report of this familial oculocutaneous association and of this peculiar cutaneous
      scarring.

PMID- 3395568
TI  - Congenital poikiloderma: treatment with etretinate.

PMID- 3395570
TI  - Sub-acute cutaneous lupus erythematosus and gluten sensitive enteropathy.

PMID- 3395569
TI  - Continuous erythema multiforme clearing on dapsone.

PMID- 3395571
TI  - International Society for the Study of Vulvar Disease--progress report.

PMID- 3395572
TI  - Occupational factors and the incidence of cancer of the bladder in Canada.
AB  - During 1979-82, a case-control study of occupational factors and urinary bladder
      cancer was conducted in Edmonton, Calgary, Toronto, and Kingston, Canada. A total
      of 826 histologically verified cases of cancer were individually matched by sex,
      age, and area of residence to 792 randomly selected population controls. Subjects
      were specifically asked about employment in several industries thought relevant
      to risk of bladder cancer. Information was also obtained on lifelong occupational
      history, with special attention given regarding exposures to fumes, dusts, smoke,
      and chemicals. In addition, subjects provided data on past medical and
      residential history, on intake of certain dietary items, and on exposure to
      tobacco and other lifestyle factors. Conditional logistic regression methods were
      used for the analysis. Under adjustment for cumulative lifetime cigarette
      consumption, it appeared that for both men and women, most of the occupational
      factors examined were not associated with significant alteration in risk of
      bladder cancer. For exposures during the period eight to 28 years before
      diagnosis, however, raised risk was suggested for men employed at least six
      months in the chemicals industry (odds ratio = 2.37, p = 0.004), in dye
      manufacturing or the dyeing of cloth (OR = 3.62 and 4.63, p = 0.041 and 0.035,
      respectively), as tailors (OR = 3.85, p = 0.015), or in jobs in which contact
      with diesel or traffic fumes occurred (OR = 1.69, p = 0.0008). Increased risk was
      also seen for men occupationally exposed to tars or asphalt (OR = 3.11, p =
      0.019). This study then, at least for men, supports perhaps a few of the suspect
      industries as related to risk of bladder cancer.

PMID- 3395573
TI  - Allergy and occupational exposure to hydroquinone and to methionine.
AB  - Respiratory manifestations have been reported after exposure to hydroquinone and
      to methionine. One hundred and three men in the same chemical plant were divided
      into three groups according to their exposure and compared by questionnaire,
      respiratory functional tests with methacholine then salbutamol challenges, and
      measurements of serum immunoglobulins G and E. Group H included 33 workers
      exposed to hydroquinone, trimethyl-hydroquinone, and retinene-hydroquinone. Group
      M included 15 workers exposed to methionine. Group C was a control group of 55
      workers. The prevalence of respiratory symptoms was higher in the two exposed
      groups. Before challenges, pulmonary function values were significantly lower in
      groups H and M than those in group C. The challenges induced significant
      variations in the three groups but these variations were less pronounced in group
      M than in the other groups. The level of immunoglobulin G in group H (m +/- SD =
      12.5 gram/liter +/- 2.6) was significantly higher than in group C (10.6
      gram/liter +/- 2.4; p less than 0.002). The level of immunoglobulin E in group H
      (m = 140 IU/l) was also higher in group C (109 IU/l) but this difference was not
      significant. These findings suggest that exposure to methionine and to
      hydroquinone and its derivatives induce ventilatory impairment, perhaps by an
      immunological mechanism.

PMID- 3395574
TI  - Occupational asthma in a mineral analysis laboratory.
AB  - An epidemic of symptoms suggestive of occupational asthma in workers in a mineral
      analysis laboratory necessitating exposure to vapours of hydrochloric,
      hydrofluoric, nitric, perchloric, and sulphuric acid solutions was investigated.
      Variable airflow obstruction was confirmed by serial measurement of FEV1 in two
      subjects who showed 18% and 22% fall in FEV1 during a workshift. Of a workforce
      of 21 laboratory staff, 20 took part in a study of ventilatory capacity and
      bronchial reactivity. All but one subject had normal ventilatory capacity but
      five had bronchial hyperreactivity (PC20 less than or equal to 8 mg/ml
      histamine). Four of the five with hyperreactivity had a history of chest
      tightness at work whereas only two subjects with chest tightness had PC20 greater
      than 8 mg/ml (p less than 0.01). Other work related symptoms were cough (two
      subjects) and breathlessness (three subjects). Four of the subjects with
      bronchial hyperreactivity were atopic, suggesting that hyperreactivity may have
      predated exposure to irritant material at work and resulted in their being
      susceptible to the development of symptoms and raises the possibility of
      identifying susceptible subjects by preplacement examination. In two of these
      subjects, however, bronchial reactivity has returned to normal after 205 and 376
      days away from work, suggesting that bronchial inflammation resulted from
      occupational exposure to acid vapours.

PMID- 3395575
TI  - Neurobehavioural effects and pharmacokinetics of toluene in rats and their
      relevance to man.
AB  - The present study was designed to determine the critical concentrations in blood
      and brain associated with specific behavioural changes during and after exposure
      to toluene. The effects of a single four hour exposure to toluene on signalled
      bar press shock avoidance in rats were tested. Rats exposed to 125, 250, and 500
      ppm toluene showed a decline in conditioned avoidance responses at 20 minutes
      exposure compared with the pre-exposure baseline, although they recovered to
      almost the same level of performance as that before exposure. Exposure to 1000
      ppm toluene for about four hours and 2000 ppm for two hours produced a
      concentration related increase in incorrect responses, acceleration of the
      reaction time, and decreases in the effective avoidance response rate. Beginning
      at 4000 ppm toluene exposure, the response rate increased; thereafter, it
      gradually decreased and finally slight ataxia was observed. After 4000 ppm
      exposure, all rats showed signs of excitation such as a pronounced increase in
      response rate. From analysis of the temporal courses of the blood and brain
      toluene concentrations during and after each exposure, excitative performance
      decrements were noticed in rats with blood and brain concentrations about 27
      micrograms/ml blood and 32 micrograms/g respectively. Anaesthetic performance
      decrements were seen when the blood toluene concentration increased to 120
      micrograms/ml and that of the brain reached about 160 micrograms/g. According to
      our results, the effects on the central nervous system are considered to be a
      function of both the exposure concentration and its duration, which are closely
      related to the increase of brain and blood toluene concentration.

PMID- 3395576
TI  - Vibration elicited vasoconstrictor reflex in Raynaud's phenomena.
AB  - The fingers of seven women with primary Raynaud's phenomenon (PRP), 10 female
      controls, seven men with vibration induced white finger (VWF), and eight male
      controls were exposed to vibration and the relative change in finger capillary
      blood flow was measured by an atraumatic 133xenon washout technique without and
      during proximal nervous blockade. All four groups showed a vasoconstriction to
      vibration (p less than or equal to 0.02) which was abolished by proximal nervous
      blockade. Women with PRP had an augmented response to vibration (p less than
      0.01) and men with VWF had a normal response (p greater than 0.10) when compared
      with that of their respective sex matched controls. The results show the
      existence of a vibration elicited central sympathetic vasoconstrictor reflex in
      the normal finger and in fingers affected by PRP and VWF. The results indicate a
      hyperreactivity of the central sympathetic nervous system in PRP and VWF and a
      dysfunction of the peripheral sensory nerve fibres in subjects with VWF. The
      described vibration test may be of guidance in the differentiation of PRP from
      VWF.

PMID- 3395577
TI  - Diagnostic tests in Raynaud's phenomena in workers exposed to vibration: a
      comparative study.
AB  - Four objective tests to evaluate Raynaud's phenomena (RP) in workers exposed to
      handarm vibrations were applied on 23 exposed men with RP (vibration induced
      white finger 18, primary Raynaud's phenomenon 5), 56 exposed men without RP, and
      15 male controls. Finger systolic blood pressure was measured by a cuff and
      strain gauge technique after combined body cooling and finger cooling during five
      minute ischaemia to 30 degrees, 15 degrees, and 6 degrees C. An attack of RP was
      detected as a zero pressure, FSP(0) test, whereas a pressure, reduced to a value
      below the normal 95% confidence limit at 6 degrees C, was regarded as an abnormal
      response, FSP(A) test. A hand cooling, preceded by 30 minute body precooling, was
      performed in water at 10 degrees C during five minute ischaemia. The finger
      colours after hand cooling were evaluated by a directly visual inspection, FCV
      test, and by a blind assessment of slides of the photographed hand, FCS test. A
      medical interview was used as a method of reference. The sensitivity did not
      differ significantly between FSP(0) (74%), FCS (61%), and FCV (57%) (p greater
      than 0.10). FSP(A) had a significantly higher sensitivity (96%) and lower
      specificity (64%) than those of FCV and FCS (p less than 0.0005) and of FSP(0) (p
      less than 0.05). Six of the seven men with a false positive FSP(0) had a positive
      FCV or FCS, and the seventh had a history of previously active RP. The six false
      negative FSP(0) test results did not correspond significantly to milder cases of
      RP (p greater than 0.20). The results indicate that a finger colour test may be
      as valuable as a FSP(0) test for diagnostic purposes. FSP(A) only indicates if a
      cold response is exaggerated and does not diagnose RP. The pressure measurements
      may further be of guidance in evaluating preventive measures and effects of
      treatments for RP.

PMID- 3395578
TI  - Cotton workers and the Manchester criteria.

PMID- 3395579
TI  - Benign asbestosis: words and thoughts.

PMID- 3395580
TI  - Lung cancer in a non-ferrous smelter: the role of cadmium.
AB  - Lung cancer mortality was examined in a cohort of 4393 men employed at a zinc
      lead-cadmium smelter. There was an excess of lung cancer (overall SMR = 124.5,
      95% confidence interval 107-144) which was particularly evident for those
      employed for more than 20 years. A statistically significant trend in SMRs with
      increasing duration of employment was apparent. Quantitative estimates of
      exposure to cadmium and ordinal rankings for lead, arsenic, zinc, sulphur
      dioxide, and dust were used to calculate cumulative exposures from job histories.
      Matched logistic regression was used to compare the cumulative exposures of cases
      of lung cancer to those of controls matched for date of birth and date of
      starting work and surviving at the time of death of the matched cases. The
      increasing risk of lung cancer associated with increasing duration of employment
      could not be accounted for by cadmium and did not appear to be restricted to any
      particular process or department. Although lung cancer mortality was associated
      with estimates of cumulative exposure to arsenic and to lead, it was not possible
      to determine whether the increased risk might be due to arsenic, lead, or to
      other contaminants in the smelter. These results are compared with findings from
      other non-ferrous smelters.

PMID- 3395581
TI  - Occupation and lung cancer in Shanghai: a case-control study.
AB  - Occupation was evaluated as a potential risk factor for lung cancer as part of a
      large population based case-control study conducted in the ten urban districts of
      Shanghai. A total of 733 newly diagnosed cases of male lung cancer and 760
      controls selected from the general population was interviewed to obtain lifetime
      occupational histories and information on smoking and other factors. Of the
      approximately 25 major industrial titles examined, significantly raised risks,
      adjusted for smoking, were found for employment in agricultural production (odds
      ratio (OR) = 1.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.0-2.6). A concomitant increase
      was detected for farmers (OR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.0-2.5) when 35 major occupational
      titles were examined. There was a 70% excess among workers in the chemical
      industry (OR = 1.7, 95% CI = 0.9-3.1) and a significant decrease among textile
      industry workers (OR = 0.7, 95% CI = 0.5-1.0). Raised risks of 30% to 80% were
      associated with reported job exposures to wood and coal dusts, smoke from burning
      fuels, and chemical fumes. Employment categories were also examined for 672 cases
      and 735 controls among women, but small numbers in many of the industrial and
      occupational categories precluded detailed analyses. The largest excess risk
      among women (OR = 5.1, 95% CI 1.3-23.5) was among glass products workers.
      Although cigarette smoking was the dominant cause of lung cancer among men and a
      significant risk factor among women in Shanghai, these findings suggest the
      importance of certain workplace exposures and offer leads to occupational
      carcinogens.

PMID- 3395582
TI  - Exposure and response to methyl isocyanate: results of a community based survey
      in Bhopal.
AB  - In the two weeks immediately after the Bhopal disaster a community based survey
      was carried out in a series of eight exposed and two non-exposed clusters of
      households. The primary concern was the effect of the gas (subsequently
      identified as methyl isocyanate) on the eyes of the victims but data were also
      sought on respiratory status and the first symptoms of the exposure. No case of
      blindness was encountered that could be attributed to the gas. The most frequent
      symptoms reported were burning of the eyes, coughing, watering of the eyes, and
      vomiting. Among these, the frequency of cough most closely followed the rate of
      death in the different clusters. Although much rarer overall, the frequency of
      reported diarrhoea appeared to bear a stronger relation to death rates. Reports
      of photophobia and the clinical finding of superficial interpalpebral erosion of
      the cornea were more frequent where the death rates were lower. This clinical and
      epidemiological picture is consistent with different effects of the gas at
      different doses (as estimated from distance from the factory).

PMID- 3395583
TI  - Power spectrum analysis of EEG at diagnosis and follow up of patients with
      solvent induced chronic toxic encephalopathy.
AB  - Electroencephalographic changes have been studied in a group of 32 men aged 30-65
      (mean 49) with diagnosed chronic toxic encephalopathy. The group had been
      carefully scrutinised for other possible causes of brain dysfunction and the
      diagnosis was based on neuraesthenic symptoms and pathological psychometric
      performance. The EEGs were recorded from four areas of the brain and the power
      spectrum analysed. Comparisons have been made with a group of 50 healthy male
      workers with no occupational exposure to solvents. For 24 of the 32 patients a
      follow up EEG recording was made after 17-75 months (mean 33). The results showed
      a doubling of the EEG power in the patients for all four recording channels with
      a significant reduction at follow up but not to the level of the control group.
      No exposure effect relation could be established. Acute exposure at the time of
      the first recording, exposure free, or follow up time did not influence the
      results. The frequency of the dominant EEG activity and the relative frequency
      distribution were equal in the two groups and did not change during the follow up
      period. Five of the 32 subjects took benzodiazepine drugs regularly and they had
      greater total power in all four recording channels compared with the other 27
      patients; the difference was not statistically significant. The relative
      frequency distribution showed less alpha- and more theta- and beta-power in these
      five subjects. A reduction in total power during follow up was also found in the
      subgroup that took benzodiazepines.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3395584
TI  - Professional drivers in London: a mortality study.
AB  - A total of 3392 professional drivers in London were followed up in a prospective
      mortality study. There were significantly fewer deaths than expected from all
      causes (SMR 91, p less than 0.05), circulatory disease (SMR 75, p less than
      0.05), and accidents (SMR 61, p less than 0.05). Lorry drivers showed excess
      deaths from stomach cancer (SMR 141, p less than 0.05), lung cancer (SMR 159, p
      less than 0.05), bronchitis, emphysema, and asthma (SMR 143, p less than 0.05), a
      pattern not evident among taxi drivers. Mortality from bladder cancers,
      leukaemia, and other lymphatic cancers were raised in taxi drivers, though the
      results did not achieve statistical significance. The importance of the findings
      is discussed.

PMID- 3395585
TI  - Determination of catechol and quinol in the urine of workers exposed to benzene.
AB  - Time weighted average concentrations of benzene in breathing zone air (measured
      by diffusive sampling coupled with FID gas chromatography) and concentrations of
      catechol and quinol in the urine (collected at about 1500 in the second half of a
      working week and analysed by high performance liquid chromatography) were
      compared in 152 workers who were exposed to benzene (64 men, 88 women). The
      concentration of urinary metabolites was also determined in 131 non-exposed
      subjects (43 men, 88 women). There was a linear relation between the benzene
      concentrations in the breathing zone and the urinary concentrations of catechol
      and quinol (with or without correction for urine density) in both sexes. Neither
      catechol nor quinol concentration was able to separate those exposed to benzene
      at 10 ppm from those without exposure. The data indicated that when workers were
      exposed to benzene at 100 ppm about 25% of benzene absorbed was excreted into the
      urine as phenolic metabolites, of which 13.2%, 1.6%, and 10.2% are phenol,
      catechol, and quinol, respectively.

PMID- 3395586
TI  - Malignant pleural mesothelioma in a nuclear engineer.

PMID- 3395587
TI  - Respiratory disorders among tobacco workers.

PMID- 3395588
TI  - Determinants of chronic bronchitis and lung dysfunction in Western Australian
      gold miners.

PMID- 3395589
TI  - Surgical failure after gas injection.

PMID- 3395590
TI  - Failed retinal surgery caused by intraocular gas injection.
AB  - Four patients developed inferior retinal redetachment following initially
      successful surgery which included intraocular injection of air and
      sulphahexafluoride (SF6) mixture. In each case the intravitreal gas bubble
      produced vitreoretinal traction which opened inferior retinal breaks and led to
      retinal separation. Cautious use of intraocular gas is advised when bullous upper
      rhegmatogenous retinal detachments are accompanied by inferior retinal breaks.

PMID- 3395591
TI  - Fluorescein angiography of anterior uveal melanocytic tumours.
AB  - A retrospective analysis of 32 cases of anterior uveal melanocytic tumours
      included 14 cases in which the tumours could be categorised histologically as
      malignant, of intermediate cytology with equivocal features of malignancy, or as
      benign progressive naevi. An additional eight cases without a histological
      diagnosis were included as benign naevi, because there had been no change in
      their clinical characteristics after a minimum follow-up of four years. Clinical
      features and iris fluorescein angiographic (IFA) findings were analysed with
      respect to these groups in an attempt to identify features predictive of
      malignant or locally invasive behaviour. Very small tumours were more likely to
      be benign (p = 0.029). Glaucoma and episcleral vascular dilatation occurred in
      ciliary body tumours only. Tumours involving the anterior chamber angle proved
      more likely to be malignant (p = 0.019). IFA showed a disorganised vasculature
      and gross late leakage in 4/7 (56%) malignant melanomas as well as in 2/6 (33%)
      tumours with intermediate cytology. No benign tumours showed these features. Four
      out of nine (44%) benign tumours, but no tumours with malignant or intermediate
      cytology, showed complete masking of fluorescence. Early leakage of dye from
      tumour vessels and a geometric tumour vasculature were not specific features of
      any tumour category. IFA correlated with the cytology and behaviour of anterior
      uveal melanocytic tumours in 11/22 (50%) of our cases.

PMID- 3395593
TI  - Depth measurement with the slit-lamp microscope.
AB  - The sagittal distance of ocular structures can be obtained with a slit-lamp
      microscope providing the movement of the slit-lamp can be measured. A simple
      device consisting of a pointer attached by a spring clip to the axle of a Haag
      Streit 900 slit-lamp is described. The pointer rides over a scale which slides
      with the slit-lamp. Comparisons of anterior chamber depth and lens thickness
      showed a high correlation between this optical method and ultrasound
      measurements.

PMID- 3395592
TI  - Idiopathic bilateral lipid keratopathy.
AB  - A 52-year-old Mexican man presented with asymptomatic, bilaterally symmetrical
      lipid infiltrates of the cornea and adjacent limbus. No evidence of previous
      ocular disease or systemic disorder of lipid metabolism could be detected.
      Penetrating keratoplasty of the right eye was required. The cornea was rigid and
      thick, with posterior bulging into the anterior chamber. Light microscopy
      revealed deep corneal lipid granules, foamy histiocytes, vascularisation, and
      chronic non-granulomatous inflammation. Transmission electron microscopy showed
      extracellular lipid spaces and numerous intracytoplasmic lipid vacuoles in
      histiocytes, keratocytes, conjunctival epithelium, and the endothelium of blood
      vessels in the corneal stroma and adjacent limbal conjunctiva. Histochemical
      analysis revealed the presence of neutral fats, free fatty acids, cholesterol,
      and phospholipids.

PMID- 3395594
TI  - Treatment of senile entropion with botulinum toxin.
AB  - Botulinum toxin was used to treat senile entropion in 12 patients by injection
      into the preseptal orbicularis muscle of the lower lids. It produced relief of
      symptoms in 10 patients but this was transient, lasting for an average of 14.8
      weeks before orbicularis function returned. The technique is simple and easy to
      perform, and may be useful in selected patients, but surgery offers a more
      permanent result.

PMID- 3395595
TI  - A modified irrigating-aspirating needle.
AB  - To facilitate the safe and thorough evacuation of cortical lens debris in
      extracapsular extractions the author has modified the coaxial irrigating
      aspirating cannula. The modified needle has a 45 degrees bend 10 mm from its tip.
      The tip is rendered slightly bulbous, thus eliminating the step between the outer
      sleeve and the coaxial portion. This prevents snagging of the posterior capsule
      and eliminates sleeve slide. The needle has been found especially helpful in
      deeply recessed eyes, and, when it was rotated, cortical cleaning from the
      equatorial and superior portions of the capsular bag was easier than with a
      straight needle. There were no posterior capsular breakages in 54 consecutive
      cases of the use of this needle.

PMID- 3395598
TI  - Surgical corneal clouding.

PMID- 3395596
TI  - Ophthalmic complications with disseminated intravascular coagulation.
AB  - Massive lid oedema, ecchymosis, proptosis with a total restriction of extraocular
      movement, markedly raised intraocular pressure, and occlusion of the central
      retinal artery developed acutely in the right eye of a 26-year-old woman with a
      past history of disseminated intravascular coagulation. She had been admitted to
      hospital for symptoms of abdominal pain and bleeding from multiple sites a few
      hours earlier. Five days previously she had some proptosis of the other eye and
      had been treated with antibiotics for suspected orbital cellulitis at another
      hospital. The oedema and proptosis resolved on high-dose intravenous
      corticosteroid therapy. Despite attempts to relieve the orbital oedema and raised
      intraocular pressure with a lateral canthotomy and antiglaucoma medications, the
      patient lost all perception of light in the right eye and has subsequently
      developed an optic nerve atrophy.

PMID- 3395597
TI  - Sudden visual loss associated with clostridial bacteraemia.
AB  - A patient with endogenously acquired Clostridium septicum panophthalmitis is
      presented. The patient exhibited a striking sequence of signs and symptoms
      associated with this devastating ocular infection. Intensive antibiotic therapy
      was ineffective and enucleation of the globe was required. The microscopic
      pathology of the enucleated globe showed extensive infarction and necrosis of
      ocular structures in association with the panophthalmitis. In addition thrombosis
      of the central retinal artery and of choroidal vessels was observed.

PMID- 3395599
TI  - Circadian variation in fat concentration of breast-milk in a rural northern Thai
      population.
AB  - 1. Twenty-five northern Thai mothers, breast-feeding their infants on demand,
      were studied in their homes for 24 h. All breast-feeds were test-weighed and pre-
      and post-feed expressed breast-milk samples (0.5 ml) taken at each feed. 2. The
      fat concentration of milk taken during a feed showed significant circadian
      variation, with maximum values between 16.00 and 20.00 hours and minimum values
      between 04.00 and 08.00 hours. Fat concentration at the start and at the end of a
      feed also varied significantly over 24 h. 3. Multiple regression analysis showed
      that the most important predictor of fat concentration at a feed was the length
      of time elapsed since the previous feed--the longer this interval, the lower the
      subsequent fat concentration. Other significant predictors were the fat
      concentration at the end of the previous feed, and the milk intake at the
      previous and at the current feed. 4. Fat concentration declined between feeds in
      proportion to the length of time between feeds, but the decline was less between
      sleep feeds than between waking feeds. This would appear to be a reflection of
      the lower post-feed fat concentration and higher pre-feed fat concentration of
      sleep feeds compared with waking feeds, when other variables relating to feeding
      pattern are taken into account. 5. The larger the milk intake at a feed, the
      greater was the increase in fat concentration from the start to the end of the
      feed. The change in fat concentration was less in feeds taking place during the
      sleep period than in daytime feeds.

PMID- 3395600
TI  - Estimation of 24 h breast-milk fat concentration and fat intake in rural northern
      Thailand.
AB  - 1. The present study assesses the accuracy with which mean 24 h breast-milk
      composition can be estimated if milk samples can only be collected during the
      daytime. 2. Twenty-five northern Thai mothers, feeding their infants on demand,
      were studied in their homes for 24 h. All feeds were test-weighed and 0.5 ml pre-
      and post-feed expressed milk samples taken at each feed. 3. If daytime sampling
      was restricted to two breast-feeds, it was found that the best estimate of 24 h
      fat concentration was given by two randomly chosen daytime feeds, predicting 24 h
      fat concentration with 95% confidence limits of +/- 7.0 g/l (equivalent to 21% of
      mean 24 h fat concentration). 4. Alternative sampling methods using the mean fat
      concentration of the feed after 08.00 hours and after 18.00 hours, or the first
      two feeds after 12.00 hours, predicted fat concentration with 95% confidence
      limits of +/- 9.7 g/l and +/- 8.9 g/l (28 and 26% of mean 24 h fat concentration)
      respectively. 5. If well-tolerated by mothers, it would be preferable to sample
      all daytime feeds, since this reduces the 95% confidence limits to +/- 3.3 g/l,
      equivalent to 10% of the mean 24 h fat concentration.

PMID- 3395601
TI  - The effect of riboflavin deficiency in rats on the absorption and distribution of
      iron.
AB  - 1. Riboflavin may play a part in the transport of iron across the
      gastrointestinal mucosa. Fe absorption was measured in the rat by monitoring
      whole-body retention of a dose of 59Fe using a small-animal gamma-counter. 2.
      Female Norwegian Hooded rats were fed on a diet deficient in riboflavin (B2-)
      from 5 weeks of age. Control animals, fed on a complete diet (B2+), were weight
      matched to rats fed on the B2- diet. After 7 weeks all rats were fed on a test
      meal extrinsically labelled with 59Fe and whole-body radioactivity measured for
      15 d. 3. Riboflavin deficiency was associated with a reduction in the percentage
      of the dose absorbed and an increase in the rate of loss of Fe post absorption.
      4. A smaller percentage of the absorbed dose was present in the livers of the
      riboflavin-deficient animals.

PMID- 3395602
TI  - The effect of three types of saponin on iron and zinc absorption from a single
      meal in the rat.
AB  - 1. Iron and zinc retentions in young male rats, given 3 g starch-sucrose paste
      containing 120 micrograms Fe as FeSO4 or 139 micrograms Zn as ZnCl2
      (extrinsically labelled with 59Fe or 65Zn) and increasing amounts of Gypsophila
      saponins, were measured by whole-body counting. The results were compared with
      whole-body Fe and Zn retention from a meal containing crude or purified saponin
      fractions. In a separate experiment Fe retention from a meal containing
      Gypsophila saponins, soyasaponin I, or saponins extracted from lucerne (Medicago
      sativa) plant tops, was measured in older rats. 2. Results indicated that Fe
      absorption decreased with increasing concentration of Gypsophila saponins. This
      was significant at a saponin:Fe molar value of approximately 1, with maximum
      effect occurring at molar ratios of 4 and above, when Fe absorption was reduced
      by approximately 17%. Gypsophila saponins had no effect on Zn absorption from a
      test meal. 3. Fe absorption was similar in groups given purified or crude
      Gypsophila saponins at the same saponin:mineral molar value of 8, demonstrating
      that the 'non-saponin' fraction of the commercial preparation does not affect the
      absorption of this mineral. 4. Saponins extracted from lucerne plant tops, fed at
      a saponin:Fe value of approximately 8, also reduced Fe absorption from a single
      meal. Fe absorption from a meal containing a similar amount of soyasaponin I was
      not significantly different from controls. 5. These results indicate that some
      dietary saponins may reduce Fe absorption and hence have an adverse effect on Fe
      status in man and simple-stomached animals.

PMID- 3395603
TI  - The beta-carotene-rich alga Dunaliella bardawil as a source of retinol in a rat
      diet.
AB  - 1. Dunaliella bardawil, a beta-carotene-accumulating alga, has been tested as a
      source of retinol and beta-carotene in a diet given to rats. The beta-carotene in
      this alga is composed of about equal amounts of the 9-cis and all-trans isomers.
      Male weanling rats were fed on a retinol-deficient diet for 60 d. Thereafter, the
      rats were divided into groups and fed on a diet deficient in retinol or
      supplemented with retinol, synthetic beta-carotene, dry alga or an algal oil
      extract. Following further growth for 7 d, samples were taken for liver analyses
      of retinol, retinol isomers and beta-carotene. 2. Liver analyses revealed a
      comparable content of retinol and normal conversion rates in the rats grown on
      the diets supplemented with synthetic or natural beta-carotene. Rats fed on the
      alga and the algal-oil-supplemented diets accumulated 9-cis retinol in addition
      to the all-trans isomer. Rats fed on synthetic beta-carotene, alga and algal oil
      had a liver retinol: beta-carotene value of about 3:1. 3. These studies
      demonstrate the possibility of using dried D. bardawil or an oil extract of the
      alga as a dietary natural beta-carotene supplement which satisfies the total
      requirement of retinol in rats. 4. Rats fed on alga or on algal oil, accumulated
      in the liver 9-cis beta-carotene and all-trans beta-carotene in a ratio similar
      to that present in the alga.

PMID- 3395605
TI  - The action of the beta-agonist clenbuterol on protein and energy metabolism in
      fattening wether lambs.
AB  - 1. Five Greyface wethers (42-45 kg) fed on various fixed amounts of dried grass
      pellets (either approximately 1.3 times maintenance or 2 times maintenance) by
      means of belt-type continuous feeders were housed in open-circuit respiration
      chambers for periods of 45 d. Between days 15 and 35 they received daily oral
      doses of 1.5 mg of the beta-adrenergic agonist clenbuterol (adsorbed on to the
      feed). Continuous energy and nitrogen balance measurements each of 5 d duration
      were conducted throughout the chamber confinement. 2. On six occasions (twice
      during the 15 d pre-clenbuterol period, on days +4, +11 and +18 of clenbuterol
      administration and once during the post-treatment period) animals were infused
      with [1-14C]leucine to determine the rates of leucine oxidation and the amounts
      of leucine available for protein synthesis. 3. Clenbuterol administration caused
      a marked increase in N retention (2-3 g N/d; P less than 0.001) throughout the 20
      d treatment period. It also increased (P less than 0.001) the energy expenditure
      of the animals (on average by 1.1 MJ/d over the first 5 d, compared with
      immediate pretreatment values, and 0.6 MJ/d over the 20 d period, compared with
      the mean of pre- and post-treatment control values). The effect of treatment was
      calculated to result, on average, in the daily retention of 19 (SE 1.5) g more
      protein and 30 (SE 5.5) g less fat. 4. During clenbuterol treatment leucine
      oxidation was reduced (P less than 0.01). However, values for the amounts of
      leucine available for protein synthesis were equivocal, with an increase (P less
      than 0.001) on day 11 of treatment, but no change on days 4 and 18. 5. Withdrawal
      of the clenbuterol resulted in rapid alterations of N and energy metabolism
      towards those expected of control animals of that weight.

PMID- 3395604
TI  - Glutathione deficiency and peripheral metabolism of thyroid hormones during
      dietary cysteine deprivation in rats.
AB  - 1. For a period of 24 d, young rats received a diet containing 120 g casein/kg or
      the same basic diet supplemented with 1.93 g cysteine/kg. 2. The thyroxine (T4)
      turnover was decreased in rats receiving the cysteine-deficient diet compared
      with that of rats on the supplemented diet. Moreover, the extrathyroidal T4 pool
      and T4 disposal rate decreased. 3. Cysteine deprivation also decreased the
      peripheral metabolism of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3). The T3 distribution space,
      extrathyroidal pool of T3 and T3 disposal rate were diminished. 4. In vitro,
      deiodination of T4 in liver homogenate assayed with endogenous glutathione (GSH)
      demonstrated decreased T3 production rates in the case of cysteine deficiency.
      This difference was minimized by the addition of GSH in amounts sufficient to
      saturate the reaction kinetics. In the light of this finding, GSH is probably
      involved in the promotion of certain thyroidal problems induced by a cysteine
      deficient diet.

PMID- 3395606
TI  - The phosphorylation state of casein and the species-dependency of its
      hypercholesterolaemic effect.
AB  - 1. The present study concerns the question whether the hypercholesterolaemic
      effect of casein, a phosphorylated protein, is modified in species differing both
      in glycine-taurine conjugation of bile acids and in intestinal alkaline
      phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1). 2. Since these two variables are entirely different in
      rabbits and rats, identical (cholesterol-free) semi-purified diets containing
      either casein or soya-bean protein were given to both species. 3. In rabbits
      casein, as compared with soya-bean protein, did not affect calcium absorption but
      immediately increased phosphate absorption and decreased faecal excretion of bile
      acids. These effects preceded the accumulation of apo B-cholesterol in serum,
      which indicates a cause-and-effect relation. 4. In contrast, none of these casein
      specific effects were observed in rats. 5. These results suggest that the
      hypercholesterolaemic potential of casein is expressed mainly in species (like
      the rabbit) with a low activity of intestinal phosphatase and with a high glycine
      conjugation of bile acids. This might explain why species (like rat and man) are
      rather insensitive to dietary casein.

PMID- 3395608
TI  - Folate transport in enterocytes and brush-border-membrane vesicles isolated from
      the small intestine of the neonatal goat.
AB  - 1. The uptake of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (MTHF) and folic acid
      (pteroylmonoglutamate) by enterocytes and brush-border-membrane vesicles prepared
      from the small intestine of the 6-d-old male goat was determined using a rapid
      filtration assay. 2. Both MTHF and folic acid were taken up by membrane vesicles
      at 25 degrees and enterocytes at 37 degrees by a pH-dependent mechanism with
      maximum uptake when the pH of the incubation medium was 5.0. 3. Experiments in
      which the osmotic pressure of the medium was raised in successive increments with
      the non-absorbable sugar cellobiose indicated that transport rather than membrane
      binding was the main component of uptake. 4. Experiments at pH 5.0 showed that
      uptake of MTHF and folic acid was saturable and that the characteristics of
      folate transport were similar in both tissue preparations: (a) transport rates of
      both MTHF and folic acid were constant during the first 1-2 min for a given
      folate concentration, then declined to reach a steady-state in 10-30 min; (b)
      initial velocities of transport of MTHF and folic acid increased in proportion to
      their concentrations up to 7-10 microM, but the rate of increase slowed
      thereafter until saturation was reached at 20-25 microM (Km for brush-border
      membrane vesicles 40.8 and 62.9 microM, Km for enterocytes 50.9 and 55.2 microM
      for MTHF and folic acid respectively). Values of Vmax for membrane vesicles
      (pmol/mg protein per min) were 46.5 MTHF or 40.3 folic acid; enterocytes Vmax
      (pmol/10(7) cells per min) 15.9 MTHF or 30.6 folic acid; (c) uptake of MTHF and
      folic acid by brush-border-membrane vesicles and enterocytes measured under
      steady-state conditions approached saturation at 50 microM for each analogue (Km
      for membrane vesicles 58.1 and 55.2 microM, Km for enterocytes 43.1 and 49.4
      microM for MTHF and folic acid respectively; Vmax for membrane vesicles 49.7 and
      77.8 pmol/mg protein, for enterocytes 52.8 and 54.7 pmol/10(7) cells for MTHF and
      folic acid respectively). 5. It was concluded that transport of MTHF and folic
      acid was by a similar pH-dependent mechanism both in brush-border-membrane
      vesicles and in intact enterocytes. At pH 5.0, transport involved a saturable
      carrier-mediated process located in the brush-border membrane.

PMID- 3395607
TI  - Influence of dietary leucine content on the activities of branched-chain amino
      acid aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.42) and branched-chain alpha-keto acid
      dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.4.4) complex in tissues of preruminant lambs.
AB  - 1. Branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.42; BCAAT) and branched
      chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.4.4; BCKDH) activities were measured
      preruminant lamb liver, longissimus dorsi muscle, kidney, jejunum and adipose
      tissue, 2 h after a meal with or without an excess of leucine. 2. Skeletal muscle
      contained about 70% of the total basal BCAAT activities of the tissues studied
      whereas liver contained about 60% of the total BCKDH activities of these tissues.
      3. BCAAT activities were very low in preruminant lamb tissues. BCKDH was more
      phosphorylated in tissues of preruminant lambs than in rats, especially in liver.
      These low catalytic potentialities might contribute to a low rate of branched
      chain amino acid catabolism in sheep. 4. Ingestion of an excess of leucine led to
      an increase in liver and jejunum BCAAT activities and activation of BCKDH in
      jejunum.

PMID- 3395610
TI  - Pharmacokinetic disposition in sheep of various vitamin E preparations given
      orally or intravenously.
AB  - 1. Increases in plasma tocopherol concentrations were compared in sheep after a
      single oral administration of (per kg body-weight): 67 mg D- and 91 mg DL-epimers
      of alpha-tocopherol, and 74 mg D- and 100 mg DL-epimers of alpha-tocopheryl
      acetate, or intravenous administration of DL-alpha-tocopherol and DL-epimers of
      DL-alpha-tocopheryl acetate. 2. The results showed that biological availability
      was higher after D-alpha-tocopherol dosing than after the other forms.
      Intravenous administration of D-alpha-tocopherol acetate was a more effective way
      of dosing in sheep than equivalent intravenous amounts of DL-alpha-tocopheryl
      acetate or DL-alpha-tocopherol.

PMID- 3395609
TI  - Influence of goat's-milk folate-binding protein on transport of 5
      methyltetrahydrofolate in neonatal-goat small intestinal brush-border-membrane
      vesicles.
AB  - 1. The influence of goat's-milk folate-binding protein (FBP) on the uptake of 5
      methyltetrahydrofolate (MTHF) by brush-border-membrane vesicles prepared from the
      small intestine of the 6-d-old goat was investigated using a rapid-filtration
      assay. 2. Uptake of MTHF by the membrane vesicles was strongly enhanced by FBP
      within the pH range 4.5-6.5, with an optimum at pH 5-5.5. 3. Both the initial
      rate of MTHF uptake and uptake of MTHF at equilibrium were markedly increased in
      the presence of FBP. 4. Uptake of MTHF by brush-border-membrane vesicles was
      maximal when the molar ratio FBP:MTHF was 1.0-2.5. 5. The relation between pH and
      125I-labelled FBP binding to the membranes was similar to that for uptake of
      MTHF, with an optimum at pH 5. 6. In experiments in which the osmotic pressure of
      the incubation medium was progressively increased with cellobiose, 125I-labelled
      FBP was found to be taken up primarily by binding to the brush-border-membrane
      surface. 7. Uptake of 125I-labelled FBP was time-dependent and saturable, with a
      Km of 0.39 (SE 0.07) microM and Vmax of 6.73 (SE 0.92) micrograms/mg protein. 8.
      Experiments in which various milk proteins (cow FBP, goat FBP, alpha-lactalbumin,
      beta-lactoglobulin, bovine serum albumin and lactoferrin) were allowed to compete
      in turn with 125I-labelled FBP for uptake by brush-border-membrane vesicles
      indicated that high-affinity binding was probably specific to FBP, although
      lactoferrin reduced uptake possibly by non-specific coating of the mucosal
      surface. 9. It was concluded that a folate transport mechanism mediated by the
      FBP in milk exists at the intestinal brush border of neonatal goats. It is
      suggested that this may reinforce the developing endogenous transport system.

PMID- 3395611
TI  - Dietary menhaden oil: effects on the rate and magnitude of modification of
      phospholipid fatty acid composition of mouse heart and brain.
AB  - 1. Male CD-1 white mice, 18-20 g body-weight, were given semi-purified diets
      containing 100 g menhaden oil (MO) or hydrogenated coconut oil (HCO)/kg for 23 d.
      Mice were killed on days 0, 3, 5, 7, 14, 23. After 23 d of MO supplementation the
      remaining mice were switched to the HCO diet for an additional 10 d. 2. The
      progressive change(s) in the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) composition of
      cardiac and brain phospholipid classes were followed during the MO
      supplementation and depletion periods. 3. The content of fatty acids 20:5n-3,
      22:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 increased immediately following ingestion of the MO diet and
      continued to increase at a steady rate in both heart and brain phospholipid
      classes. 4. In general, the period required to reach steady-state was 1 week for
      n-3 PUFA and 18:2n-6, and 2 weeks for 20:4n-6. 5. Cessation of MO consumption for
      10 d resulted in marked decreases in the content of n-3 PUFA and increases in n-6
      PUFA in cardiac phospholipids in particular. Brain phospholipids were less
      responsive. 6. The results suggest that dietary fish oil must be consumed for at
      least 1 week before maximum changes in PUFA composition are observed, and fish
      oil ingestion must be continuous to maintain elevated n-3 PUFA levels in heart
      and brain phospholipids.

PMID- 3395612
TI  - Studies on the interaction of matrix-bound inhibitor with Band 3, the anion
      transport protein of human erythrocyte membranes.
AB  - The effect of temperature and chemical modification on the interaction of the
      human erythrocyte Band 3 protein (the anion transport protein) with 4-acetamido
      4'-isothiocyanostilbene 2,2'-disulfonate (SITS; Ki = 10 microM)-Affi-Gel 102
      resin was studied. Band 3 binds to the affinity resin in two states; weakly
      bound, which is eluted by 1 mM 4-benzamido-4'-aminostilbene 2,2'-disulfonate
      (BADS; Ki = 2 microM), and strongly bound, which is eluted only under denaturing
      conditions by 1% lithium dodecyl sulfate (LDS). At 4 degrees C, most of band 3
      was present initially in the weakly bound form and very little in the strongly
      bound form. With longer incubations at 4 degrees C, the weakly bound form was
      slowly converted to the strongly bound form. At 37 degrees C, most of Band 3 was
      rapidly converted to the strongly bound form, with some Band 3 still remaining in
      the weakly bound form. Band 3 dimers, labelled with 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene
      2,2'-disulfonate (DIDS) in one monomer, did bind to immobilized SITS but did not
      become tightly bound upon incubation at 37 degrees C. Since the covalent
      attachment of DIDS to one monomer prevented the adjacent monomer from becoming
      tightly bound to immobilized SITS ligand, this observation suggests that the
      inhibitor-binding sites of the two adjacent monomers must be interacting with
      each other. When the inhibitor site of Band 3 was selectively modified by citrate
      in the presence of 1-ethyl-3-(3-azonia-4,4-dimethylpentyl)carbodiimide (EAC),
      Band 3 bound to the resin was more easily eluted by BADS, suggesting reduced
      affinity for immobilized SITS. However, citrate-modified Band 3 did become
      tightly bound upon incubation at 37 degrees C.

PMID- 3395613
TI  - Characteristics of D-alanine transport by luminal membrane vesicles from pars
      convoluta and pars recta of rabbit proximal tubule.
AB  - Uptake of D-alanine against a concentration gradient has been shown to occur with
      isolated luminal-membrane vesicles from pars convoluta or pars recta of rabbit
      proximal tubule. Renal D-alanine transport systems, displaying the following
      characteristics, were shown: (1) In vesicles from pars convoluta, the uptake of D
      alanine was mediated by both Na+-dependent and Na+-independent transport
      processes. It was found that an inwardly directed H+-gradient could drive the
      transport of D-alanine into the vesicles both in the presence and absence of Na+.
      Thus, in addition to Na+, the transport of D-alanine is influenced by the H+
      gradient. (2) In vesicles from pars recta, the transient accumulation of D
      alanine was strictly dependent on Na+, since no 'overshoot' was ever observed in
      the absence of Na+. Although the Na+-dependent uptake of D-alanine was stimulated
      at acid pH, H+ did not substitute for Na+, as it apparently does in pars
      convoluta, but instead potentiated the Na+ effect. (3) Addition of L-alanine to
      vesicle preparations, both from pars convoluta and from pars recta, specifically
      inhibited renal uptake of D-alanine. A comparison between the transport
      characteristics of D- and L-alanine indicated that these two isomers of alanine
      probably share common transport systems located along the proximal tubule of
      rabbit kidney.

PMID- 3395614
TI  - Structural rearrangements during crystal-liquid-crystal and gel-liquid-crystal
      phase transitions in aqueous dispersions of dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine.
      A time-resolved X-ray diffraction study.
AB  - The mechanism and kinetics of the crystal-liquid-crystal (Lc----L alpha) and gel
      liquid-crystal (L beta----L alpha) transitions of the L-enantiomer and racemic
      dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine have been examined in temperature scans and
      jumps using time-resolved X-ray diffraction methods. The Lc----L alpha
      transformations (at 66 degrees C for L-dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine and 82
      degrees C for DL-dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine) were found to be two-state
      (first-order) processes characterised by co-existence of the initial Lc and final
      L alpha states during the transition with the absence of any detectable
      intermediates states. The transition mechanism involves firstly, disordering of
      the hydrocarbon chains which makes a major contribution to the transition
      enthalpy and secondly by a transition in the lamellar repeat spacing. The overall
      relaxation time of the Lc----L alpha transition of L
      dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine during temperature jumps of 4.5 degrees C/s
      was about 10 s. A gradual increase in the gel-state interchain spacing during the
      L beta----L alpha transitions of L- and DL-dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine
      preceded a broadening of the wide-angle diffraction peak. There was a concomitant
      and continuous increase of the lamellar repeat spacing to values typical of the L
      alpha phase with increasing temperature. This sequence of events is completely
      reversible on cooling with a temperature hysteresis of 5-6 degrees C. The
      relaxation times of the L beta---L alpha transitions during jumps of 4.5 degrees
      C/s were about 2 s in both the heating and cooling directions.

PMID- 3395615
TI  - Lamellar gel-lamellar liquid crystal phase transition of
      dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine multilayers freeze-dried from aqueous trehalose
      solutions. A real-time X-ray diffraction study.
AB  - The mechanism of the phase transition of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine
      multilayers freeze-dried from fully hydrated gel phase (L beta') in the presence
      of trehalose has been investigated by real-time X-ray diffraction methods.
      Sequential diffraction patterns were recorded with an accumulation time of 3 s
      during heating and 1.2 s during cooling between about 20 and 80 degrees C. A
      transition is observed in the range 47-53 degrees C that involves structural
      events typical of a lamellar gel-lamellar liquid-crystal (L beta--L alpha)
      transformation. This transition is completely reversible with a temperature
      hysteresis of 2-3 degrees C and thereby resembles the main phase transition of
      fully hydrated dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine multilayers. The mechanism of the
      transition from L beta to L alpha as seen in the wide-angle scattering profiles
      show that the sharp peak at about 0.41 nm, characteristic of the gel phase,
      broadens and shifts progressively to about 0.44 nm towards the end of the
      transition. A temperature jump of 6C degrees/s through the phase transition
      region of a freeze-dried dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine: trehalose mixture (molar
      ratio 1:1) showed that the phase transition had a relaxation time of about 2 s
      which is similar to that of the main transition in the fully hydrated lipid. X
      ray diffraction studies of the melting of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine freeze
      dried from the lamellar-gel phase in the absence of trehalose showed a transition
      at above 70 degrees C. The low-angle diffraction data of phospholipid/trehalose
      mixtures are consistent with an arrangement of trehalose molecules in a loosely
      packed 'monolayer' separating bilayers of phospholipid. Trehalose appears to
      reduce the direct interbilayer hydrogen bond coupling thereby modifying the
      thermal stability and the phase transition mechanism of the bilayers.

PMID- 3395616
TI  - Direct involvement of spectrin thiols in maintaining erythrocyte membrane thermal
      stability and spectrin dimer self-association.
AB  - Human erythrocytes vesiculate upon exposure to temperatures of 49 degrees C and
      above. Pretreatment of the cells with the thiol-alkylating agent N-ethylmaleimide
      (NEM) lowers the temperature needed to produce the same effect. Concomitant with
      the cells' heat susceptibility, skeletal mechanical instability and an increase
      in spectrin dissociation have been reported (Smith and Palek (1983) Blood 62,
      1190). In the present study, similar results were achieved by preincubation of
      the cells with diamide, which could be reversed by reduction with dithiothreitol.
      Another oxidative agent, sodium tetrathionate, could only induce the temperature
      susceptibility, with little effect on spectrin dissociation. Incubation of
      spectrin solutions with NEM or diamide caused decreased association of spectrin
      dimers and increased dissociation of spectrin tetramers. Estimation of membrane
      and spectrin thiols in the treated cells showed that NEM was effective while
      blocking less than 20% of the thiols. Diamide and tetrathionate blocked more than
      50% of the thiols, but were less effective than NEM. It is suggested that some
      very defined population of thiols is essential for spectrin self-association and
      for membrane thermal stability. They are more available to NEM than to diamide
      and less so to tetrathionate. Other thiols participate in maintaining the
      membrane thermal stability only.

PMID- 3395617
TI  - Fluorescence studies on the dissociation and denaturation of pigeon liver malic
      enzyme.
AB  - Exposure of pigeon liver malic enzyme [S)-malate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
      (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating), EC 1.1.1.40) in medium concentrations of
      guanidine-HCl at 25 degrees C and pH 7.45 caused biphasic conformational changes
      of the enzyme molecule. Molecular weight determination confirmed that the enzyme
      tetramers were dissociated to monomers in phase I transition. Enzymatic activity
      was completely lost in this phase. Recovery of the enzyme activity was only
      possible in the early stages of the phase I transition. Phase II was due to
      enzyme unfolding, as judged by circular dichroism and the fluorescence parameters
      of the enzyme. The steps of the transformation of native malic enzyme into a
      completely denatured state were in the following sequence: tetramer----monomer---
      random coil. Extensive denaturation of the enzyme molecule resulted in
      irreversible aggregation. Dissociation and denaturation were accompanied by a red
      shift of the fluorescence spectrum (328----368 nm). Fluorescence quenching
      studies indicated that tryptophan residues of the enzyme molecule were buried
      deeply in the interior of the molecule. The tryptophan residues were only
      partially accessible by acrylamide and almost inaccessible by KI. Dissociation
      and denaturation were accompanied by exposure of the tryptophan residues, as
      manifested by the accessibility of the enzyme molecule toward KI or acrylamide.

PMID- 3395618
TI  - Micellar structure of beta-casein observed by small-angle X-ray scattering.
AB  - The small-angle X-ray scattering was observed from beta-casein micelles in 0.2 M
      phosphate buffer (pH 6.7) with varying temperatures. An oblate ellipsoid of a
      rigid core with a thin soft layer was proposed as a probable model of the beta
      casein micellar structure, according to the results of the model optimization
      with simple triaxial bodies. Here the axial ratio was found to decrease and the
      micelle to become spherical when the polymerization proceeds with temperature.
      The consistency of the present model was examined with the results of
      hydrodynamic measurements published previously.

PMID- 3395619
TI  - Effects of proteolysis of the extending parts of the high-molecular-weight
      microtubule-associated proteins on interactions between microtubules.
AB  - Digestion of assembled microtubules with agarose-bound trypsin was performed to
      obtain microtubules which lack the extending projections, the non-tubulin-binding
      part of the high-molecular-weight microtubule-associated proteins. The assembly
      kinetics and the minimum protein concentration for assembly were the same for
      these trypsinated microtubules as for normal, untreated microtubules.
      Furthermore, the digested microtubules gave rise to the same change in turbidity
      per polymer mass as that found for normal microtubules. However, electron
      microscopy of pelleted microtubules revealed a closer packing after trypsin
      treatment. A substantially lower increase in specific viscosity was found upon
      assembly. At concentrations of above approx. 1.5 mg/ml, the viscosity of trypsin
      treated microtubules was almost independent of the protein concentration, in
      contrast to the turbidity, which still increased. Both microtubules and the
      trypsin-digested microtubules were easily oriented by shear, although the flow
      linear dichroism signal for the microtubules after trypsin treatment was only
      half of that found for perfectly oriented normal microtubules. At higher shear
      force gradients, digested microtubules aggregated side by side as shown by
      electron microscopy. This was not found for normal microtubules. Even although
      the extending parts of the high-molecular-weight proteins are not needed for
      assembly, they were found to play an important role in microtubule orientation
      and interactions between microtubules, probably by acting as spacers between
      microtubules.

PMID- 3395620
TI  - Analysis of IgG glycopeptides by alkaline borate gel filtration chromatography.
AB  - A protocol for the characterization of IgG glycopeptides is described. Central to
      this scheme is the novel application of an alkaline borate buffer to gel
      filtration chromatography. The use of this buffer significantly enhances the
      resolution of glycopeptides. Furthermore, it results in the separation of a
      unique size class of glycopeptides derived from IgG secreted by murine
      hybridomas. Although predominantly neutral, these glycopeptides differ both
      qualitatively and quantitatively by lectin affinity chromatography from the other
      glycopeptides which are presumably derived from the Fc portion of IgG.

PMID- 3395621
TI  - Fluorescence quenching studies of bovine growth hormone in several conformational
      states.
AB  - The use of steady-state fluorescence quenching methods is reported as a probe of
      the accessibility of the single fluorescent tryptophan residue of bovine growth
      hormone (bGH, bovine somatotropin, bSt) in four solution-state conformations.
      Different bGH conformations were prepared by using previous knowledge of the
      multi-state nature of the equilibrium unfolding pathway for bGH: alterations in
      denaturant and protein concentration yielded different bGH conformations (native,
      monomeric intermediate, associated intermediate and unfolded). Because the
      intramolecular fluorescence quenching which occurs in the native state is reduced
      when the protein unfolds to any of the other conformations, steady-state
      fluorescence intensity measurements can be used to monitor bGH unfolding as well
      as the formation of the associated intermediate. These steady-state intensity
      changes have been confirmed with fluorescence lifetime measurements for the
      different conformational states of bGH. Fluorescence quenching results were
      obtained using the quenchers iodide (ionic), acrylamide (polar) and
      trichloroethanol (non-polar). Analysis of the results for native-state bGH
      reveals that the tryptophan environment is slightly non-polar (in agreement with
      the emission maximum of 335 nm) and the tryptophan is more exposed to acrylamide
      than most native-state tryptophan residues which have been studied. The
      tryptophan is most accessible to all quenchers in the unfolded state, because no
      steric restrictions inhibit quencher interaction with the tryptophan residue. The
      iodide quenching results indicate that the associated intermediate tryptophan is
      not accessible to iodide, probably due to negative charges inhibiting iodide
      penetration. The associated intermediate tryptophan is less accessible to all
      three quenchers than the monomeric intermediate tryptophan, due to tight packing
      of molecules in the associated intermediate state.

PMID- 3395622
TI  - Carbamoyl-phosphate synthase in Phycomyces blakesleeanus.
AB  - A carbamoyl-phosphate synthase has been purified from mycelia of Phycomyces
      blakesleeanus NRRL 1555 (-). The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to
      be 188,000 by gel filtration. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence
      of sodium dodecyl sulfate showed that the enzyme consists of two unequal subunits
      with molecular weights of 130,000 and 55,000. The purified enzyme has been shown
      to be highly unstable. The carbamoyl-phosphate synthase from Phycomyces uses
      ammonia and not L-glutamine as a primary N donor and does not require activation
      by N-acetyl-L-glutamate, but it does require free Mg2+ for maximal activity.
      Kinetic studies showed a hyperbolic behavior with respect to ammonia (Km 6.34
      mM), bicarbonate (Km 10.5 mM) and ATP.2 Mg2+ (Km 0.93 mM). The optimum pH of the
      enzyme activity was 7.4-7.8. The Phycomyces carbamoyl-phosphate synthase showed a
      transition temperature at 38.5 degrees C. It was completely indifferent to
      ornithine, cysteine, glycine, IMP, dithiothreitol, glycerol, UMP, UDP and UTP.
      The enzyme was inhibited by reaction with 5 mM N-ethylmaleimide.

PMID- 3395623
TI  - Stability and immunological cross-reactivity of malate dehydrogenases from
      mesophilic and thermophilic sources.
AB  - The thermostability in vitro of dimeric and tetrameric malate dehydrogenases [S)
      malate:NAD+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.37) from mesophilic and thermophilic
      bacteria shows a good correlation to the growth temperature of the source
      organism but no consistent relationship to enzyme subunit structure. The
      thermophile malate dehydrogenases are, in general, more resistant to the
      surfactants, sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and hexadecyltrimethylammonium
      bromide, and to the denaturants, guanidinium chloride and urea, than their
      mesophilic counterparts, with the dimer in each thermal class being more
      resistant to the chemical perturbants than the tetramer. Sedimentation analysis
      suggests that denaturation of the malate dehydrogenases by acid-periodate or SDS
      produces discrete subunits, whereas denaturation by guanidinium chloride followed
      by carboxymethylation yields ill-defined protein species. SDS and acid-periodate
      were therefore preferred to generate denatured malate dehydrogenases for use as
      immunogens and antigens. The native malate dehydrogenases exhibit immunological
      cross-reactivity only when they are in the same oligomeric form and derived from
      closely related species, which may, however, be from different thermal classes.
      Taking immunological cross-reactivity as an indicator of structural similarity,
      this supports the idea that the thermophilic trait evolved independently within
      each phyletic line. With denatured malate dehydrogenases as immunogens and
      antigens, cross-reactivity is manifested between all the malate dehydrogenases
      examined. This suggests that appreciable primary structural homology exists
      between the malate dehydrogenases, whether dimeric or tetrameric, from
      thermophiles and mesophiles and from various taxa.

PMID- 3395624
TI  - Hemoglobin hafnia: alpha 2 (beta 116 (G18) His----Gln)2; a new hemoglobin variant
      mistaken for glycated hemoglobin.
AB  - Isoelectric focusing of hemolysate from patients with diabetes mellitus is
      routinely performed to measure their level of HbA1c (glycated hemoglobin). For a
      6 year old boy with diabetes mellitus this analysis showed an HbA1c fraction of
      approx. 50%, which is very unlikely to occur. The possibility of a hemoglobin
      variant was considered, and by HPLC-separation the presence of two different beta
      chains was shown. One tryptic fragment was found to deviate from the normal, and
      amino-acid analysis and sequence determination revealed the following amino-acid
      substitution: beta 116 His----Gln. It is the first reported mutation at this
      position. Functional studies showed almost normal behaviour, consistent with the
      fact that the affected persons are without any symptoms. In a family survey we
      found five nondiabetic members with an abnormality similar to the proband. For
      the variant we chose the name Hafnia, which is Latin for Copenhagen.

PMID- 3395625
TI  - Bonding of nitrosobenzene and phenyl isocyanide to chelated mesoheme, hemoglobin
      and ferrous phthalocyanine.
AB  - Reactions of nitrosobenzene, phenyl isocyanide and their ring-substituted
      analogues with hemoglobin, ferrous phthalocyanine and a synthetic model compound
      of hemoglobin were investigated by optical, 1H-NMR and infrared spectroscopy.
      Complexes of chelated ferromesoheme, the model compound, with 2-methyl-, 2-ethyl,
      2-isopropyl- or 2,6-disubstituted nitrosobenzene were less stable than its
      complex with nitrosobenzene. Formation of a complex of the model compound with 2
      tert-butylnitrosobenzene was incomplete. Previous studies showed that 2,6
      disubstituted nitrosobenzenes are not ligands of ferrohemoglobin. In the present
      work 2,6-dimethylphenyl isocyanide was found to be a ligand of ferrohemoglobin.
      These results are consistent with binding of the nitrogen of the nitroso group of
      nitrosobenzene and of the carbon of the isocyanide group of phenyl isocyanide to
      ferroheme. The same bonding modes of these ligands to ferrous phthalocyanine were
      inferred from ring-current-induced shifts in the 1H-NMR spectra of the respective
      complexes.

PMID- 3395626
TI  - Characterisation of N-terminally extended met-enkephalin Arg6Gly7Leu8 variants in
      the porcine upper digestive tract.
AB  - Proenkephalin A-derived peptides are known to occur in the gut, but their precise
      identity is uncertain. We report here the isolation of N-terminally extended
      forms of Met-enkephalin Arg6Gly7Leu8 from porcine upper digestive tract monitored
      by radioimmunoassay. A single major form was identified in pyloric antral muscle
      and mucosa, but in the duodenum two major forms were detected. Microsequence
      analysis together with immunological data revealed that the antral mucosal
      peptide and the most acidic duodenal peptide had identical amino-acid sequences,
      corresponding to a 5.3 kDa peptide terminating in Met-enkephalin Arg6Gly7Leu8.
      The data indicate that high-molecular-weight peptides may constitute a major
      proportion of gut opioid peptide immunoactivity.

PMID- 3395627
TI  - Interaction of NADPH and triazine dyes with ferredoxin-NADP+ oxidoreductase.
AB  - The ability of NADPH to compete for binding with other ligands of known affinity
      has been used to provide values for the Kd of NADPH with ferredoxin-NADP+
      oxidoreductase (EC 1.18.1.2) (FNR). When the competing ligand is procion red,
      which binds with a red-shift in spectrum, or Woodwards reagent K(N-ethyl-5
      phenylisoxazolium 3'-sulfonate), which covalently modifies an active site
      carboxyl residue, the calculated Kd for the NADPH-FNR complex is greater than 8
      or 0.08 mM, respectively. Because of the feeble (or non-existent) ability of
      NADPH to dislodge procion red, we propose that this dye and NADPH are not binding
      at the same site. Procion red must, however, bind additionally at the active site
      (presumably without spectral perturbation) as it is a competitive inhibitor of
      NADPH in ferricyanide reduction assays and more crucially proves to be a novel
      substrate itself, being reduced to a leuco form which can be reoxidised by
      oxygen. Although a Kd for the NADPH-FNR complex of 0.08 mM is reasonable, we
      point out the difficulty of interpreting this value and question its
      physiological significance.

PMID- 3395628
TI  - Purification and characterization of a trypsin-like protein from rat pancreas.
AB  - The purification of the latent form of a rat pancreas trypsin-like protein was
      performed by ion-exchange and hydrophobic chromatographies. After partial
      activation, the affinity on immobilized soybean trypsin inhibitor allowed the
      isolation of an active and an inactive form. They had 30,000 and 32,000 molecular
      weight, respectively, as checked by polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis.
      Active enzyme (named TLP) was not glycosylated and had an isoelectric point of
      4.4. The rate of hydrolysis of different substrates and the effects of various
      proteinase inhibitors indicated clearly that TLP differs from proteinases
      previously described and belongs to the trypsin family.

PMID- 3395630
TI  - Integrated 2:2 and 3:3 rate equations of enzyme kinetics.
AB  - Simple Michaelis-Menten kinetics give an equation for the initial rate, and the
      integrated version describes progress curves for experiments when the only reason
      for the rate's declining is the depletion of substrate. The integrated versions
      of the more complicated 2:2 and 3:3 rate equations are now presented.

PMID- 3395629
TI  - GTP hydrolysis by tubulin occurs with water oxygen incorporation into inorganic
      phosphate.
AB  - Tubulin assembly was conducted in [18O]H2O and the resulting mixture of GTP, GDP
      and Pi was examined by 31P-NMR. Two Pi signals, separated by about 0.02 ppm, were
      observed. By combining this mixture with a solution of Pi containing all five
      possible 16O and 18O isotopomers of Pi, it was shown that the two signals were
      due to [16O4]- and [16O3, 18O]Pi. The amount of 18O incorporated into the Pi was
      that expected if the hydrolysis of GTP during tubulin assembly occurs with
      cleavage of the gamma-phosphorus-bridge oxygen bond.

PMID- 3395631
TI  - Recognition of general patterns using neural networks.
AB  - The Hopfield model of neural network stores memory in its symmetric synaptic
      connections and can only learn to recognize sets of nearly "orthogonal" patterns.
      A new algorithm is put forth to permit the recognition of general ("non
      orthogonal") patterns. The algorithm specifies the construction of the new
      network's memory matrix Tij, which is, in general, asymmetrical and contains the
      Hopfield neural network (Hopfield 1982) as a special case. We find further that
      in addition to this new algorithm for general pattern recognition, there exists
      in fact a large class of Tij memory matrices which permit the recognition of non
      orthogonal patterns. The general form of this class of Tij memory matrix is
      presented, and the projection matrix neural network (Personnaz et al. 1985) is
      found as a special case of this general form. This general form of memory matrix
      extends the library of memory matrices which allow a neural network to recognize
      non-orthogonal patterns. A neural network which followed this general form of
      memory matrix was modeled on a computer and successfully recognized a set of non
      orthogonal patterns. The new network also showed a tolerance for altered and
      incomplete data. Through this new method, general patterns may be taught to the
      neural network.

PMID- 3395632
TI  - Center-surround, orientation, and directional properties of turtle retinal
      horizontal cells.
AB  - The spatial transfer functions (STF) of L-type horizontal cells (HC) in turtle
      retina were measured using drifting sine wave grafting stimuli. Two classes of
      STF were identified: low-pass and band-pass. A low-pass STF corresponds to a
      linespread function (LSF) having an excitatory center that attenuates
      monotonically with distance; a band-pass STF corresponds to a LSF with an
      excitatory center and an inhibitory surround. Two models of the surround
      inhibitory mechanism, based on retinal outer plexiform layer (OPL) anatomy, are
      tested experimentally: surround mediated lateral inhibition and surround
      modulated self-inhibition. In both types, sign inverting pathways are based on
      GABA feedback synapses, and sign conserving pathways are based on excitatory
      synapses and gap junctions. Temperature variation was used to modify synaptic
      properties and study their effect on STF. The low frequency limb of band-pass STF
      was most sensitive to temperature changes; its slope increased with decreasing
      temperature. Synaptic properties were also manipulated pharmacologically. Cutoff
      frequency of low-pass STF decreased from 0.5 to 0.4 cpmm during exogenous GABA.
      Picrotoxin (PTX) increases upper cutoff frequency and decreases low frequency
      limb slope in band-pass STF. Band-pass STF of a ganglion cell (GC) has higher
      upper and lower cutoff frequencies than a HC in the same retinal region, which
      corresponds to strong spatial convergence from HC to GC. Orientation sensitivity
      and directional selectivity were found in some HC. Differences between major and
      minor response axes in orientation sensitive HC were small, ca. 2 dB; orientation
      differences in directionally selective HC were also small (ca. 1-2 dB) but
      directional asymmetry was large (ca. 10-12 dB).

PMID- 3395634
TI  - Adaptive timing in neural networks: the conditioned response.
AB  - A conditioned response not only reflects knowledge of an association between two
      events, a CS and a US, it also reflects knowledge about the timing of these
      events. A neural network and set of learning rules that generates appropriately
      timed conditioned response waveforms is presented. The model is capable of
      simulating some of the basic temporal properties of conditioned responses
      exhibited in biological systems, including (1) decreasing onset latency during
      acquisition training, (2) peak amplitude occurring at the temporal locus of the
      US, (3) inhibition of delay, and (4) trace conditioning. The model is also
      capable of simulating complex CR waveforms under certain conditions, and these
      simulations are compared with the results of behavioral experiments. The
      temporally adaptive responses are achieved by virtue of stimulus trace processes
      that are built into the network architecture.

PMID- 3395633
TI  - Diffusion approximation and first-passage-time problem for a model neuron. III. A
      birth-and-death process approach.
AB  - A stochastic model for single neuron's activity is constructed as the continuous
      limit of a birth-and-death process in the presence of a reversal
      hyperpolarization potential. The resulting process is a one dimensional diffusion
      with linear drift and infinitesimal variance, somewhat different from that
      proposed by Lansky and Lanska in a previous paper. A detailed study is performed
      for both the discrete process and its continuous approximation. In particular,
      the neuronal firing time problem is discussed and the moments of the firing time
      are explicitly obtained. Use of a new computation method is then made to obtain
      the firing p.d.f. The behaviour of mean, variance and coefficient of variation of
      the firing time and of its p.d.f. is analysed to pinpoint the role played by the
      parameters of the model. A mathematical description of the return process for
      this neuronal diffusion model is finally provided to obtain closed form
      expressions for the asymptotic moments and steady state p.d.f. of the neuron's
      membrane potential.

PMID- 3395635
TI  - Self-organizing system obtaining communication ability. Primitive model for
      language generation.
AB  - As one of the synthetic approaches to brain functions, the possibility is
      discussed that two intellectual robots could make "words" for themselves and come
      to communicate with each other. Associatron, a model for associative memory with
      a neural network structure, is used as the memory in the brain, and information
      from the outer world is accumulated in it. Concepts regarding objects and
      attributes are extracted from the stored information, where the Associatron
      properties are utilized. The robots give specific names to the concepts and
      interchange them with each other. When the robots have the same experience at the
      same time, they modify their own words according to what the other robot says. As
      they repeat common experiences, the differences between the words become smaller
      and smaller, and finally the robots agree on a word for each object. At this
      stage, the robots can exchange information with their words and each can act
      accordingly on the word from the other. This study shows that the self-organizing
      system with the above function can be constructed as a neural network model.

PMID- 3395636
TI  - [Study of the physico-chemical properties of troponins I and T from the heart and
      skeletal muscles using protein fluorescence and calorimetry methods].
AB  - Physico-chemical properties of troponin I and troponin T subunits from cardiac
      and skeletal muscles were studied, using intrinsic protein fluorescence and
      differential scanning microcalorimetry. The effects of temperature, pH, urea and
      ionic strength were analyzed. Similar skeletal and cardiac components were shown
      to possess similar properties. Alkali produced structural changes in both
      troponins I which seems to be initiated by deprotonation of histidyl side chains
      within the pH range of 6.5-9.0. An increase of pH from 9 to 12 results in
      alkaline denaturation transitions in both troponin I subunits, which might be due
      to deprotonation of tyrosyl side chains. A decrease of pH from 6 to 4 causes
      aggregation of both troponin T subunits. Cardiac troponin T is more stable to
      alkali and urea denaturation than the skeletal one. Heating up to 100 degrees C
      does not cause any cooperative denaturation transitions in troponins I and
      troponins T. These results suggest that cardiac and skeletal troponins I and
      troponins T possess a rather open, not highly ordered structure in solution.

PMID- 3395637
TI  - [Effect of oligomerization on the properties of essential SH-groups of
      mitochondrial creatine kinase].
AB  - The properties of creatine kinase isolated from bovine heart mitochondria in
      dimeric (Mr = 84 +/- 6 kD) and octameric (Mr = 340 +/- 17 kD) forms were compared
      with those of the earlier described hexameric form of the enzyme (Mr = 240 +/- 12
      kD). The kinetics of SH-group modification by DTNB, the inactivation kinetics as
      well as the number of modified SH-groups point to significant differences between
      the three oligomeric forms of the enzyme. Each subunit of creatine kinase was
      found to possess one "fast" essential cysteine residue whose modification by DTNB
      and iodoacetamide led to enzyme inactivation. The formation of an analog of the
      transition state complex (E--MgADP--NO3--creatine) was paralleled with partial
      protection of only the "fast" cysteine residue which manifested itself in the
      decrease of the rate of its interaction with DTNB in all the three oligomeric
      forms. Dimer association into a hexamer and octamer occurred in parallel with a
      decrease of the affinity of essential SH-groups of cysteine for DTNB in 50% of
      the oligomeric molecule subunits. Thus, in the dimer two essential SH-groups were
      rapidly modified by DTNB at the same rate: k1 = k2 = (23.9 +/- 5.6).10(4) M-1 min
      1. Within the hexamer, the rate of modification of 3 out of 6 SH-groups was
      practically unchanged: k1 = (10.6 +/- 2.3).10(4) M-1 min-1. Another 3 SH-groups
      in the remaining 50% of the subunits were partly masked, which manifested itself
      in a 10-fold decrease of their modification rate: k2 = (1.12 +/- 0.28).10(4) M-1
      min-1. Within the octamer, the SH-groups rapidly interacted with DTNB only on 4
      subunits: k1 = (20.7 +/- 2.2).10(4) M-1 min-1, whereas in the remaining 4 octamer
      subunits a practically complete masking of essential SH-groups was observed, as a
      result of which these groups became inaccessible to DTNB. This manifested itself
      in a 1000-fold decrease of the rate of SH-group modification by DTNB which
      reached that of non-essential SH-group modification. In has been found that a
      complete loss of the octamer activity is due to the modification of only 4 SH
      groups which interact with DTNB at a high rate. A model for subunit association
      into a dimer, hexamer and octamer has been proposed. Presumably, 50% of the
      active centers in the mitochondrial creatine kinase octamer are not involved in
      the catalytic act.

PMID- 3395638
TI  - [Activation of tyrosine kinases during induction of mammary gland tumors in GR
      mice by ovarian hormones].
AB  - In GR mice, the induction of proliferative processes in mammary tumours with
      ovarian hormones (estrone and progesterone) is accompanied by the activation of
      phosphorylation of plasma membrane, cytosolic and nuclear proteins by endogenous
      protein kinases. The hormones stimulate tyrosine kinases of tumour cells whose
      activity is as high as 14.9-17.9% of the total phosphorylation in plasma
      membranes and 9.5-10.4% in cell nuclei. The ovarian hormones stimulate tyrosine
      kinases of tumour cells which phosphorylate proteins with Mr of 110-230 and 15 kD
      (plasma membranes), 170, 52 and 13 kD (cytosol) and 32 kD (nuclei) which are
      resistant to alkaline hydrolysis. Apart from tyrosine kinases, the ovarian
      hormones also stimulate serine and threonine protein kinases which seems to be
      due to the activation of protein kinase C and other protein kinases.

PMID- 3395639
TI  - [Interaction of the transcortin-progesterone complex with plasma membranes of
      human decidual epithelium].
AB  - It was demonstrated that transcortin complexed with progesterone specifically
      binds to plasma membranes of human decidual endometrium, a progesterone target
      tissue. This interaction is characterized by a high affinity [Kd = (1.0 +/-
      0.2).10(-10) mol/l] and selectivity. Such human serum proteins as albumin,
      orosomucoid, transferrin, thyroxine- and sex steroid-binding globulins do not
      compete with transcortin for the binding sites on the membranes. The
      concentration of endogenous transcortin in sodium cholate-solubilized endometrium
      cell membranes was determined by the radioimmunoassay method.

PMID- 3395640
TI  - [The role of isoprenoid chain of alpha-tocopherol in the protection of
      synaptosomes against lipid peroxidation and phospholipase A2-induced damage].
AB  - The role of the alpha-tocopherol molecule isoprenoid chain in synaptosomal
      membrane protection from lipid peroxidation activation and phospholipase A2
      damage was investigated. A comparative study of alpha-tocopherol analogs
      differing in the length of the isoprenoid chain revealed that the increase in the
      chain length results in a decrease of the efficiency of inhibition in the course
      of synaptosomal lipid peroxidation activation. This effect is due to the
      diminution of mobility of chromanols in the lipid bilayer which is associated
      with an increase in the length of the isoprenoid fragment. The decreased
      efficiency of lipid peroxidation inhibition resulting from the lengthening of the
      chromanol nucleus phytol chain is concomitant with the appearance of new
      stabilizing properties, e. g., the ability to protect synaptosomal membranes from
      the damaging action of phospholipase A2. This effect is lost with a decrease in
      the length of the chromanol isoprenoid chain.

PMID- 3395641
TI  - [Mechanisms of the inhibition of Fe2+-induced oxidation of phosphatidylcholine by
      polyhydroxynaphthoquinones].
AB  - The kinetics of egg phosphatidylcholine oxidation induced by an artificial
      prooxidant Fe2+--ascorbate system or hematine was followed by oxygen uptake. The
      protective effect of natural free radical scavangers--polyhydroxynaphthoquinones,
      ionol (BHT), alpha-tocopherol and EDTA was estimated by the decrease of the
      phosphatidylcholine oxidation rate. EDTA was shown to inhibit the Fe2+--ascorbate
      induced oxidation but had no effect on the hematine-induced oxidation. The
      inhibiting effect of polyhydroxynaphthoquinones on Fe2+--ascorbate-induced
      oxidation was 10-100 times as high as that on hematine-induced oxidation. The
      effects of BHT and alpha-tocopherol were the same in both models. Natural
      polyhydroxynaphthoquinones interacted with the free radical
      diphenylpicrylhydrazyl in stoichiometric ratios coinciding with the number of
      beta-hydroxyls in naphthoquinone molecules; the methylation of these hydroxyls
      fully suppressed such an interaction. Two possible mechanisms of action of
      polyhydroxynaphthoquinones as antioxidative agents are discussed. The first of
      these is coupled with the formation of Fe2+--PHNQ complexes, while the second one
      -with their effect as free radical scavengers. In both cases, beta-hydroxyls of
      naphthoquinone molecules were shown to play a key role.

PMID- 3395642
TI  - [Extracellular ribonuclease from Bacillus thuringiensis].
AB  - The ability of the strain Bacillus thuringiensis var. subtoxicus to produce
      extracellular ribonuclease (ribonuclease Bt) was studied. It was found that the
      culture medium possesses a RNA-depolymerizing activity whose maximum is observed
      4-5 hours after the beginning of the linear growth phase. A three-step
      chromatography of the culture extract on phosphocellulose resulted in a
      homogeneous enzyme with a molecular mass of 12000 Da. The enzyme showed the
      maximum activity towards RNA at pH 8.5, catalyzed the hydrolysis of
      polyribonucleotides and guanosine-2',3'-cyclophosphate. Hence, the enzyme can be
      related to base-nonspecific cyclizing ribonucleases showing the guanylic
      specificity towards nucleoside-2',3'-cyclophosphates.

PMID- 3395643
TI  - [Analysis of the physico-chemical properties of fluorocarbon inducers of
      cytochrome P-450 in membranes of liver endoplasmic reticulum].
AB  - Cytochrome P-450 induction in rat liver microsomes after intravenous injections
      of submicrone emulsions of nine perfluorochemicals (2 g of PFC per kg of body
      weight) was investigated. A comparison of physico-chemical properties of the
      fluorocarbons revealed that their activity as cytochrome P-450 inducers is
      determined by their solubility in H2O and lipids as well as by the pressure of
      their saturated vapours at 37 degrees C. The fluorocarbons capable of inducing
      cytochrome P-450 have a molecular mass of 400-550 Da. The presence of heteroatoms
      (N and O) and some structural peculiarities of the perfluorochemicals do not
      influence the ability of the fluorocarbons to induce cytochrome P-450.

PMID- 3395644
TI  - [Effect of prostaglandins on lipid transfer between high- and low-density
      lipoproteins in human plasma].
AB  - Prostaglandin (PG) E1 was shown to stimulate the transfer of phosphatidylcholine
      and cholesterol esters from human high density lipoproteins to low density
      lipoproteins. The enhancement of the interlipoprotein lipid transfer by PGE1 was
      observed both at low prostaglandin concentrations under conditions of spontaneous
      exchange as well as in the presence of the lipoprotein-depleted plasma and the
      partly purified lipid transfer plasma protein. At the same time PGE2 showed no
      significant influence on the interlipoprotein lipid transfer. It is supposed that
      the effect of PGE1 is due to the PGE1-induced reorganization of the high density
      lipoprotein surface and that the PG-lipoprotein interaction is a factor which
      regulates cholesterol homeostasis.

PMID- 3395645
TI  - [Various properties of cathepsin G and elastase from swine peripheral blood
      neutrophils].
AB  - Using gel filtration through Sephadex G-100 and bioaffinity chromatography on
      contrical-Sepharose, cathepsin G and elastase were isolated from pig peripheral
      blood neutrophil granules and purified to homogeneity. Both enzymes hydrolyzed
      the total histone from calf thymus as well as synthetic substrates--tert-butoxy-L
      alanine p-nitrophenyl ester (elastase) and benzoyltyrosine ethyl ester (cathepsin
      G). The use of natural and synthetic protease inhibitors showed that both enzymes
      were related to the group of serine proteases. The molecular mass of the
      cathepsin G subunit as determined by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis is 28
      29 kD, that of elastase--30-31 kD. The pH optima for the hydrolysis of
      proteinaceous and synthetic substrates for cathepsin G and elastase are 8.0-8.5
      and 7.0-7.5, respectively. The isoelectric points for elastase and cathepsin G
      are 9.7-10.0 and greater than 10, respectively; the temperature optima--30-40
      degrees C and 50-60 degrees C, respectively. The amino acid composition of the
      two enzymes from pig granulocytes revealed a high content of arginine and was
      similar to that of human granulocytes.

PMID- 3395646
TI  - [Malate oxidation by mitochondrial succinate:ubiquinone-reductase].
AB  - Succinate:ubiquinone reductase was shown to catalyze the oxidation of L- and D
      stereoisomers of malate by artificial electron acceptors and ubiquinone. The rate
      of malate oxidation by succinate:ubiquinone reductase is by two orders of
      magnitude lower than that for the natural substrate--succinate. The values of
      kinetic constants for the oxidation of D- and L-stereoisomers of malate are equal
      to: V infinity = 0.1 mumol/min/mg protein, Km = 2 mM and V infinity = 0.05
      mumol/min/mg protein, Km = 2 mM, respectively. The malate dehydrogenase activity
      is fully inhibited by the inhibitors of the dicarboxylate-binding site of the
      enzyme, i.e., N-ethylmaleimide and malonate and is practically insensitive to
      carboxin, a specific inhibitor of the ubiquinone-binding center. The enol form of
      oxaloacetate was shown to be the product of malate oxidation by
      succinate:ubiquinone reductase. The kinetics of inhibition of the enzyme activity
      by the ketone and enol forms of oxaloacetate was studied. Both forms of
      oxaloacetate effectively inhibit the succinate:ubiquinone reductase reaction.

PMID- 3395647
TI  - [Physico-chemical and functional characteristics of a subfraction of low-density
      lipoproteins isolated by ion-exchange column chromatography].
AB  - Fractionation of human blood plasma low density lipoproteins (LDL) was performed
      by ion-exchange chromatography, using a linear NaCl gradient. It was shown that
      the binding of LDL subfractions eluted with a low ionic strength buffer (i.e.,
      containing the particles with a lower negative charge) to B, E-receptors of
      fibroblasts was more effective than that of subfractions eluted with a high ionic
      strength buffer (i.e., containing the particles with a higher negative charge).
      The LDL particles with a lower negative charge had lower values of flotation
      coefficients (according to analytical ultracentrifugation data), smaller
      dimensions (according to gradient gel electrophoresis data) and a lower
      phospholipid/protein ratio (w/w). The experimental results suggest that LDL
      subfractions having different electrical parameters of the particle surface also
      differ in other physicochemical properties and seem to play a different role in
      atherogenesis.

PMID- 3395648
TI  - [Effect of cycloheximide on transcription in eukaryotic cells].
AB  - The effects of the translation inhibitor cycloheximide on transcription in
      Rauscher virus transformed mouse erythroblasts and in barley rootlets were
      studied. In transformed erythroblasts, the globin gene transcription appeared to
      be blocked. Consecutive treatment of cells with sublethal doses of cycloheximide
      (7 micrograms/ml) and actinomycin D resulted in the induction of synthesis of the
      protein fraction corresponding to beta-globin chains. An exposure of barley
      rootlets to cycloheximide caused changes in total RNA synthesis.

PMID- 3395649
TI  - [Spectrophotometric determination of the quantity of protein in standard
      biological suspensions].
AB  - A combined method for spectrophotometric measurement of protein amount for
      conventionally isolated biological suspensions is suggested. The method is based
      on the comparison of data on the optical density of a suspension at 280-290 nm
      with the result of a single colorimetric determination. For the membranes of
      sarcoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria it has been shown that the combined
      spectrophotometric method gives possibility to shorten the time of measurement,
      has high specificity and sensitivity and compares favourably with usual
      colorimetric methods in relation to accuracy. A calibration chart was obtained
      for conventionally isolated "Wistar" rat liver mitochondria.

PMID- 3395650
TI  - [Biochemical bases of the inhibition and activation of liver mitochondrial
      respiration in hibernating susliks].
AB  - The possible mechanisms in regulation of the respiration rate of mitochondria
      from liver of hibernating ground squirrels have been investigated. The inhibition
      of respiration has been shown to be mainly due to the inhibition of electron
      transfer to the respiratory chain from flavoproteins to cytochrome c. Calcium
      ions evoke the gradual increase in the respiration rate of mitochondria from
      liver of hibernating ground squirrels which is abolished by adding albumin,
      ruthenium red and sovcaine. The lower content of free fatty acids and decreased
      rate of the oxidation of exogenic NADH in the external pathway indicate the
      decrease in the activity of phospholipase A2 in mitochondria from liver of
      hibernating ground squirrels. The decreased calcium capacity of mitochondria
      indicates the higher sensitivity to calcium ions. A conclusion concerning the
      leading role of phospholipase A2 in Ca-induced activation of respiration of
      mitochondria from liver of hibernating ground squirrels is made.

PMID- 3395651
TI  - [Effect of sodium sulfate on the microsomal oxidation system in the liver and the
      morphological status of the internal organs of the white rat].
AB  - The morphological state of the internal organs as well the changes of microsomal
      oxidation in liver of white rats exposed to the action of sodium sulfate in doses
      200 and 600 mg per 100 g of body weight have been studied. The sodium sulfate in
      dose 600 mg per 100 g of body weight has been found to decrease the cytochrome
      P450 content, increase its inactivation rate and have an injurious effect on the
      membranes of hepatocytes. Sodium sulfate administration through the gastroenteric
      tract causes the destructive and pathological histochemical changes in liver,
      stomach, duodenum and small intestine. The alternative changes are expressed most
      of all in duodenum and small intestine.

PMID- 3395653
TI  - Polyethylene-based water- and bone-equivalent materials for calibration phantoms
      in quantitative computed tomography.

PMID- 3395652
TI  - [2 pathways of polycyclic hydrocarbon hydroxylation in endoplasmic reticulum
      membranes].
AB  - The effect of pro-oxidant (ions of iron) and antioxidants (alpha-tocopherol,
      propylgallate) on hydroxylation of polycyclic hydrocarbon benz(a)-pyrene and the
      effect of hydroxylation process on lipid peroxidation have been studied. The role
      of allyl radicals formed in the fatty acid chains is discussed. The binding of
      oxygen radicals (formation of peroxy radicals) is regarded only as on of the
      possible reactions of the radical utilization. It is assumed that other reactions
      involving lipid (allyl) radicals, in particular, hydroxylation of
      benz(alpha)pyrene may occur in microsomal membranes.

PMID- 3395654
TI  - [Non-linear finite-element model for the determination of interface stresses in
      total hip prostheses].

PMID- 3395655
TI  - Mechanisms of retinal detachment.

PMID- 3395656
TI  - Energy transfer as a probe of protein dynamics in the proteins transferrin and
      calmodulin.
AB  - We have initiated an investigation into the usefulness of fluorescence energy
      transfer in probing protein dynamics. Our analysis involves measuring the energy
      transfer efficiency while perturbing the protein conformational equilibrium with
      heat. As the temperature increases, the amplitudes of vibrations increase, and
      fluorescence energy transfer should also increase if the donor and acceptor are
      in a flexible region of the protein. A theoretical analysis developed by Somogyi
      and co-workers for the temperature dependence of dipole-dipole energy transfer
      (Somogyi, B., J. Matko, S. Papp, J. Hevessey, G. R. Welch, and S. Damjanovich.
      1984. Biochemistry. 23:3403-3411) was tested by the authors in one protein
      system. Energy transfer from tryptophan to a pyridoxamine derivatized side group
      in RNase increased 40% over 25 degrees C. Here we report further testing of this
      model in two additional protein systems: calmodulin, a calcium activated
      regulatory protein, and transferrin, a blood serum iron shuttle. Our studies show
      a slight differential sensitivity of the transfer efficiency to heat for the two
      systems. Normalized energy transfer over 6.5 A in calmodulin from a tyrosine
      donor to a Tb(III) acceptor increases 40% from 295 to 320 K. Normalized energy
      transfer over 42 A in transferrin from a Tb(III) donor to an Fe(III) acceptor
      increases 35% over the same temperature range. Whereas these results demonstrate
      that thermally induced fluctuations do increase energy transfer as predicted by
      Somogyi, they also appear rather insensitive to the nature of the protein host
      environment. In contrast to the Forster processes examined above, energy transfer
      over very short distances has shown an anomalously high temperature dependence.

PMID- 3395657
TI  - Electroporation of cell membrane visualized under a pulsed-laser fluorescence
      microscope.
AB  - Controlled permeability can be conferred to cell membranes by exposing cells to a
      microsecond electric pulse of sufficient intensity (electroporation). By
      constructing a fluorescence microimaging system with a submicrosecond time
      resolution we have been able to resolve temporally and spatially the events in a
      single cell under a microsecond electric pulse. An enormous membrane conductance,
      corresponding to a loss of 0.01-0.1% of the membrane area, was observed in those
      membrane regions where the transmembrane potential induced by the electric pulse
      exceeded a critical value. The conductance decreased to a low level in a
      submillisecond after the pulse, leaving a moderately electroporated cell.

PMID- 3395658
TI  - Capacitance measurements. An analysis of the phase detector technique used to
      study exocytosis and endocytosis.
AB  - We have studied the admittance of patch-clamped mast cells during exocytosis and
      found that they are adequately described by a four parameter equivalent circuit.
      On the basis of these measurements, we show that, contrary to current belief,
      when using a phase sensitive detector, small capacitance changes due to
      exocytosis or endocytosis should be studied by measuring current 90 degrees out
      of phase, relative to the component that corresponds to changes in series
      resistance. We have extended the theory on phase-detectors to include the errors
      in the estimation of step changes of membrane capacitance. We show that the
      measured capacitance of a secretory granule can be up to 80% smaller than its
      true value, during the course of a typical mast cell degranulation. We also
      describe a software-based phase-detector that simplifies capacitance
      measurements.

PMID- 3395659
TI  - K+-selective microelectrode study of internally dialyzed squid giant axons.
AB  - Intracellular potassium activity, (aK)i, and axoplasmic K+ concentration, [K+]i,
      were measured by means of K+-selective microelectrodes and atomic absorption
      spectroscopy, respectively, in squid giant axons dialyzed with K+-free dialysis
      solution and bathed in K+-free artificial sea water. (aK)i measurements indicated
      that axoplasmic free K+ could be depleted by dialysis, whereas [K+]i measurements
      on axoplasm extruded from these axons suggest substantial retention of K+ (15.5
      +/- 1.7 mmol/kg axoplasm K+; n = 9). In comparison, [K+]i in axoplasm extruded
      from freshly dissected axons was 330 +/- 16 mmol/kg axoplasm (n = 6). These data
      suggest that approximately 5% of the axoplasmic K+ ions are not easily removed by
      dialysis and that these ions are either bound to macromolecular sites or
      sequestered into membrane-enclosed organelles.

PMID- 3395660
TI  - Potential and current distributions in a cylindrical bundle of cardiac tissue.
AB  - The intracellular and interstitial potentials associated with each cell or fiber
      in multicellular preparations carrying a uniformly propagating wave are important
      for characterizing the electrophysiological behavior of the preparation and in
      particular, for evaluating the source contributed by each fiber. The
      aforementioned potentials depend on a number of factors including the
      conductivities characterizing the intracellular, interstitial, and extracellular
      domains, the thickness of the tissue, and the distance (depth) of the field point
      from the surface of the tissue. A model study is presented describing the
      extracellular and interstitial potential distribution and current flow in a
      cylindrical bundle of cardiac muscle arising from a planar wavefront. For
      simplicity, the bundle is considered as a bidomain. Using typical values of
      conductivity, the results show that the intracellular and interstitial potential
      of fibers near the center of a very large bundle (greater than 10 mm) may be
      approximated by the potentials of a single fiber surrounded by a limited
      extracellular space (a fiber in oil), hence justifying a core-conductor model.
      For smaller bundles, the peak interstitial potential is less than that predicted
      by the core-conductor model but still large enough to affect the overall source
      strength. The magnitude of the source strength is greatest for fibers lying near
      the center of the bundle and diminishes sharply for fibers within 50 microns of
      the surface.

PMID- 3395661
TI  - Measuring relative acetylcholine receptor agonist binding by selective proton
      nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation experiments.
AB  - A method is presented that uses selective proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)
      relaxation measurements of nicotine in the presence of the acetylcholine receptor
      to obtain relative binding constants for acetylcholine, carbamylcholine, and
      muscarine. For receptors from Torpedo californica the results show that (a) the
      binding constants are in the order acetylcholine greater than nicotine greater
      than carbamylcholine greater than muscarine; (b) selective NMR measurements
      provide a rapid and direct method for monitoring both the specific and
      nonspecific binding of agonists to these receptors and to the lipid; (c) alpha
      bungarotoxin can be used to distinguish between specific and nonspecific binding
      to the receptor; (d) the receptor--substrate interaction causes a large change in
      the selective relaxation time of the agonists even at concentrations 100x greater
      than that of the receptor. This last observation means that these measurements
      provide a rapid method to monitor drug binding when only small amounts of
      receptor are available. Furthermore, the binding strategies presented here may be
      useful for the NMR determination of the conformation of the ligand in its bound
      state.

PMID- 3395662
TI  - Estimation of intracellular chloride activity in isolated perfused rabbit
      proximal convoluted tubules using a fluorescent indicator.
AB  - The methodology has been developed to measure cell chloride activity by
      fluorescence microscopy using the chloride-sensitive dye, 6-methoxy-1-(3
      sulfonatopropyl)quinolinium (SPQ). SPQ was loaded into cells of the in vitro
      microperfused rabbit proximal convoluted tubule by a 10 min luminal perfusion
      with 20 mM SPQ at 38 degrees C. Fluorescence was excited with a broad band
      excitation filter (340 and 380 nm) and detected with a 435 nm cut-on filter. The
      signal to background (autofluorescence) ratio was 4.6 +/- 0.6. The halftime for
      SPQ leakage from cells at 38 degrees C was 8.6 +/- 1.1 min. In suspended tubules,
      SPQ did not affect O2 consumption significantly. Intracellular SPQ calibration
      was performed using the ionophores nigericin and tributyltin, high external
      potassium concentrations, and varying extracellular chloride concentrations. Cell
      fluorescence was related to intracellular chloride by a Stern-Volmer relation
      with a quenching constant of 12 M-1. Apparent chloride concentration in tubules
      perfused with solutions characteristic for the late proximal convoluted tubule
      was 27.5 +/- 5 mM (activity 20.6 mM). The halftime of the transient in cell
      chloride activity upon bath chloride addition was approximately 3 s (38 degrees
      C). Applications and limitations of this new fluorescence method to study cell
      chloride transport are discussed.

PMID- 3395663
TI  - Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) experiments under conditions of
      uniform disk illumination. Critical comparison of analytical solutions, and a new
      mathematical method for calculation of diffusion coefficient D.
AB  - A simple fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) apparatus using a
      fluorescence microscope with a conventional mercury arc lamp, working under
      conditions of "uniform disk illumination" is described. This set-up was designed
      essentially for the use of anthracene as fluorescent probe, which is bleached
      (photodimerization reaction) by illumination in the near ultraviolet range (360
      nm). It is shown that the lateral diffusion coefficients D can be readily
      calculated from fluorescence recovery curves using a finite differentiate method
      in combination with statistical analysis of the data. In contrast to the
      analytical solutions so far described, this numerical approach is particularly
      versatile. With a minimization algorithm, D and the probe mobile fraction can be
      readily calculated for any recovery time under various experimental conditions.
      These include different probe concentration profiles in the illuminated area
      after the bleaching step, and situations of infinite or noninfinite reservoir in
      the diffusion area outside the illuminated area.

PMID- 3395664
TI  - Simultaneous recording of calcium transients in skeletal muscle using high- and
      low-affinity calcium indicators.
AB  - To monitor cytosolic [Ca2+] over a wide range of concentrations in functioning
      skeletal muscle cells, we have used simultaneously the rapid but relatively low
      affinity calcium indicator antipyrylazo III (AP III) and the slower but higher
      affinity indicator fura-2 in single frog twitch fibers cut at both ends and
      voltage clamped with a double vaseline gap system. When both dyes were added to
      the end pool solution the cytosolic fura-2 concentration reached a steady level
      equal to the end pool concentration within approximately 2.5 h, a time when the
      AP III concentration was still increasing. For depolarizing pulses of increasing
      amplitude, the fura-2 fluorescence signal approached saturation when the
      simultaneously recorded AP III absorbance change was far from saturation.
      Comparison of simultaneously recorded fura-2 and AP III signals indicated that
      the mean values of the on and off rate constants for calcium binding to fura-2 in
      18 muscle fibers were 1.49 x 10(8) M-1 s-1 and 11.9 s-1, respectively (mean KD =
      89 nM), if all AP III in the fiber is assumed to behave as in calibrating
      solution and to be in instantaneous equilibrium with [Ca2+]. [Ca2+] transients
      calculated from the fura-2 signals using these rate constants were consistent
      with the [Ca2+] transients calculated from the AP III signals. Resting [Ca2+] or
      small changes in [Ca2+] which could not be reliably monitored with AP III could
      be monitored with fura-2 with little or no interference from changes in [Mg2+] or
      from intrinsic signals. The fura-2 signal was also less sensitive to movement
      artifacts than the AP III signal. After a [Ca2+] transient the fura-2 signal
      demonstrated a relatively small elevation of [Ca2+] that was maintained for many
      seconds.

PMID- 3395665
TI  - Single-dose pharmacokinetics of terodiline, including a stable isotope technique
      for improvement of statistical evaluations.
AB  - A bioequivalence study with terodiline (Mictrol) was performed in 8 healthy
      volunteers given a 25 mg oral dose of either of two solid dosage forms together
      with a water solution of the deuterated drug. The solid dosage forms were found
      to be bioequivalent. Moreover, their pharmacokinetic profiles were the same as
      for the water solution. The basic pharmacokinetic parameters (means +/- SE) of
      terodiline were calculated to: biological half-life in serum 60 +/- 4 h, maximum
      serum concentration 79 +/- 4 micrograms l-1 and the corresponding time 4 +/- 1 h,
      oral serum clearance 75 +/- 7 ml min-1, urinary excretion 15.3 +/- 1.5 per cent
      of dose, and renal serum clearance 10.9 +/- 2.2 ml min-1. The within-subject
      variability (serum-derived parameters) was about 8 per cent (CV per cent) and the
      between-subject variation 2-4 times higher. A single parameter estimate in
      subjects of a comparative population can be expected to show a 3-fold variation
      (95 per cent confidence). The deuterated drug could be used as a covariate to
      increase the power/precision in the statistical evaluation of the bioequivalence.
      In that way the 95 per cent confidence interval for the difference between the
      formulations, as well as the difference that could be detected with 80 per cent
      power, was reduced 2- to 5-fold. The covariate method was thus in this respect
      extremely efficient. In bioequivalence studies with drugs where a large number of
      subjects would be needed using conventional statistical analyses, this method
      also offers a possibility to considerably reduce the size of the panel, while
      retaining sufficient power and precision in the estimates.

PMID- 3395666
TI  - Bioavailability in human volunteers of three intramuscular formulations of
      cefonicid: a long-acting cephalosporin.
AB  - Three different intramuscular formulations of cefonicid (a new long acting
      cephalosporin) have been tested for bioavailability in 12 healthy volunteers,
      using a triple crossover design. No significant differences were detectable
      between the bioequivalence of the three formulations in terms of area-under-curve
      and 24-h urinary excretion. However, one of the formulations (A) was absorbed
      significantly more rapidly from the site of injection, causing higher serum
      levels for up to 1.5 h after administration. A significantly greater urinary
      excretion was also found up to 8 h after administration of formulation A. All
      three formulations were well tolerated, and no side-effects or significant
      changes in laboratory tests were observed.

PMID- 3395667
TI  - Effect of acute water deprivation on renal function in rats.
AB  - The effect of acute water deprivation for 96 h on renal function was studied in
      male Sprague-Dawley rats. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and the effective
      renal plasma flow (ERPF) were estimated using inulin and p-amino hippuric acid
      (PAH), respectively, as model compounds. Acute water deprivation caused a
      significant decrease (44 per cent) in the GFR without altering the ERPF. These
      results indicate that a proper dosage adjustment may have to be made in the
      dehydration condition, especially for drugs whose disposition is dependent on
      GFR.

PMID- 3395668
TI  - Influence of a standard meal on the absorption of a controlled release
      pseudoephedrine suspension.
AB  - The influence of a standard meal on the extent and rate of absorption of
      pseudoephedrine from a liquid controlled release (CR) formulation (Pennkinetic
      System) was studied in 16 normal male volunteers. Equivalent single doses of an
      immediate release reference syrup (IR-Sudafed) and the CR suspension were each
      studied under both fasted and postprandial conditions. AUC results showed no
      significant influence of food or formulation, indicating that the CR formulation
      was absorbed to the same extent as the IR product under all conditions. CMAX and
      TMAX tabulations under fasted conditions indicated that the CR preparation peaked
      at a lower level at a later time. Food diminished IR CMAXs but the CR
      suspension's CMAXs and TMAXs were apparently unaffected by food. This study
      indicates that this CR pseudoephedrine suspension releases drug independently of
      food intake.

PMID- 3395669
TI  - Changes in salicylate serum concentration and metabolism during chronic dosing in
      normal volunteers.
AB  - Steady-state serum salicylic acid (SA) concentrations and the formation rates of
      salicyluric acid (SU), salicylphenolic glucuronide (SPG), salicylacyl glucuronide
      (SAG), and gentistic acid (GA), and the excretion rate of unchanged SA were
      determined in three normal subjects following the administration of a single oral
      dose of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) 37 mg kg-1 and during multiple dosing with ASA
      56 mg kg-1 day-1. Steady-state SA concentrations fell 23 per cent during the 4
      week study period (mean +/- SD: 239 +/- 35 to 183 +/- 23 micrograms ml-1; p less
      than 0.05). Absorption of drug did not decrease during this time. Significant
      increases in the Vmax for SU and SPG formation occurred between baseline and
      during multiple dosing. Mean Vmax SU increased from 0.93 to 1.68 mg kg-1 h-1 (p
      less than 0.05) and mean Vmax SPG increased from 0.09 to 0.19 mg kg-1 h-1 (p less
      than 0.05). First-order rate constants for the formation of SAG and GA and for
      the excretion of unchanged SA did not change significantly between baseline and
      multiple dosing. The mechanism for the decline in CpssSA with time during high
      dose SA therapy is most likely due to the induction of the formation rates of the
      major metabolites of SA, namely SU and SPG.

PMID- 3395670
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of caffeine in breast milk and plasma after single oral
      administration of caffeine to lactating mothers.
AB  - Six healthy lactating women ranging in age from 28 to 35 years were selected to
      participate in the study. The women had been nursing their infants from 3 1/2
      weeks up to 17 weeks. On the morning of the study each participant received 100
      mg dose of caffeine. The oral dose of caffeine was taken with a glass of water on
      an empty stomach. Blood samples were collected from zero time to 24 h after
      caffeine administration. Each subject aseptically collected breast milk from the
      right and left breasts by manual expression or using a mechanical breast pump,
      from zero time to 24 h after caffeine administration. Caffeine in plasma and
      breast milk was determined by gas liquid chromatography using nitrogen
      phosphorous detection. Caffeine was rapidly absorbed producing plasma time to
      peaks ranging from 0.50 to 1.00 h, with values for peak concentrations between
      3.60 and 6.15 micrograms ml-1 in plasma. In breast milk, time to peak ranged from
      0.75 to 2.00 h and concentration values between 1.98 and 4.30 micrograms ml-1. No
      significant differences were found between attainment of the time of the peak in
      plasma and breast milk, p greater than 0.05. In addition, peak concentration for
      the right and left breast were not statistically different, p greater than 0.05.
      However, significant differences, p less than 0.05, between plasma and both
      breasts in regards to the peak concentrations were found. The overall breast
      milk/plasma ratio obtained from the respective area under the curves were 0.815
      +/- 0.0521 and 0.809 +/- 0.202 for the right and left breast, respectively, and
      no statistical differences were observed between the right and left breasts, p
      greater than 0.05. In summary, caffeine is rapidly transferred to breast milk.
      Multiple dose studies are needed to provide more information about caffeine
      concentration in breast milk of women who receive multiple doses of caffeine or
      who chronically consume caffeine.

PMID- 3395671
TI  - Plasma levels, heart rate, and blood pressure after intravenous, oral, and
      aerosol administration of reproterol in man.
AB  - Three healthy volunteers received single doses of reproterol (D 1959) by means of
      intravenous infusion, oral and aerosol application, respectively. Administrations
      were separated by at least 1 week. Plasma levels were measured by means of high
      performance liquid chromatography. After infusion, plasma levels showed a steep
      decline, indicative for a rapid distribution. Even though relatively large
      amounts of drug were given (up to 540 micrograms), this phenomenon caused
      reproterol levels to drop to values near or below the limit of reliable
      quantitation (1 ng ml-1) within 60 to 90 min. After oral administration of one or
      two tablets (containing 20 mg reproterol HCl per tablet), a very short lag time
      could be observed, indicating fast absorption. After one tablet, plasma level
      maxima (of plateau-type) were 5-6 ng ml-1 and 2-3 ng ml-1 in two subjects,
      respectively. After two tablets, plateau level maxima around 18 ng ml-1 and 9 ng
      ml-1 were found, respectively. After inhalation of a metered aerosol (two puffs
      of 500 micrograms each) the drug appeared in plasma within minutes, albeit at
      very low levels, and usually remained detectable at the sub-nanogram level during
      the time of the experiment (2 h). Due to the very low levels and to some
      oscillations in the plasma concentration-time curves, a detailed pharmacokinetic
      assessment could not be carried out. Effects on heart rate and blood pressure
      were negligible. Only during the infusion of high doses (540 micrograms) was
      there an increase in heart rate of about 50 to 120 beats min-1. Other side
      effects were also negligible.

PMID- 3395673
TI  - The relationship between the bilayer to hexagonal phase transition temperature in
      membranes and protein kinase C activity.
AB  - A number of substances affect the activity of protein kinase C. Among uncharged
      and zwitterionic compounds, those which activate protein kinase C also lower the
      bilayer to hexagonal phase transition temperature of
      dielaidoylphosphatidylethanolamine while substances which inhibit protein kinase
      C raise this transition temperature. Using this criteria, we have identified 3
      beta-chloro-5-cholestene, 5 beta-cholan-24-ol and eicosane as new protein kinase
      C activators and have shown that Z-Ser-Leu-NH2, Z-Gly-Leu-NH2, Z-Tyr-Leu-NH2,
      cyclosporin A and cholestan-3 beta, 5 alpha, 6 beta-triol are protein kinase C
      inhibitors.

PMID- 3395672
TI  - In vitro protein binding interaction studies involving cefixime.
AB  - Cefixime is a new oral cephalosporin currently undergoing clinical trials.
      Selected agents with the likelihood for coadministration with cefixime in man
      were examined for their influence on the in vitro binding of cefixime in pooled
      serum from dog, monkey, and man. Results from these experiments showed no
      significant change in cerfixime binding in any animal species studied or in man
      by acetaminophen, heparin, phenytoin, diazepam, ibuprofen or furosemide at their
      maximum reported therapeutic concentrations. In contrast, both salicylic acid and
      probenecid resulted in concentration-dependent increases in the free fraction of
      cefixime (up to 2.5-fold). These findings demonstrate the usefulness of in vitro
      protein binding screening procedures for studying potential drug interactions
      that are mediated, at least in part, by changes in the protein binding of a drug.

PMID- 3395674
TI  - Are osmotic forces involved in influenza virus-cell fusion?
AB  - The kinetics of the fusion process of unsealed and resealed erythrocyte ghosts
      with influenza virus (A/PR8/34, A/Chile 1/83) were measured under hypotonic,
      isotonic and hypertonic conditions using a recently developed fluorescence assay
      (Hoekstra et al. (1984) Biochemistry 23:5675-5681]. No correlation between the
      external osmotic pressure and kinetics and extent of fusion was observed.
      Influenza viruses fuse as effectively with unsealed ghosts as with resealed
      ghosts. It is concluded that osmotic forces as well as osmotic swelling of cells
      are not necessary for virus-cell membrane fusion.

PMID- 3395676
TI  - Papers presented at the 7th biennial meetings of the International Society of
      Evolutionary Protistology. London, U.K., July 19-24, 1987.

PMID- 3395675
TI  - Bovine corneal stroma contains a structural glycoprotein located in the gap
      region of the collagen fibrils.
AB  - Treatment of bovine corneal stroma using SDS-containing extracting solutions
      removes a 135,000 MW glycoprotein from the main collagen framework of the tissue.
      Low-angle synchrotron X-ray diffraction patterns obtained from corneas extracted
      in this way indicate that the glycoprotein has been removed from the gap regions
      of the collagen fibrils and is thus an important structural component of the
      corneal stroma. The glycoprotein (GP 135) shares a number of properties with one
      of the subunits of type VI collagen, but tests have so far failed to establish
      their identity.

PMID- 3395677
TI  - The importance of protistan phylogeny for macroevolution.
AB  - Explicit estimates of protist phylogeny should play a key role in the development
      of macroevolutionary theory. Nearly half the evolutionary history of living
      systems involved only protists, and many trends and traits of macroevolutionary
      significance originated in protist groups. Special areas of research that can
      make use of protist phylogenies include: (1) origin of life studies, (2) biotic
      aspects of the evolution of the environment, (3) developmental biology and
      evolution, and (4) macroevolutionary trends in the diversification of life.

PMID- 3395678
TI  - "Protistan" nomenclature: analysis and refutation of some potential objections.
AB  - The nomenclature used for higher taxonomic categories of protista arose under the
      influence of the two-kingdom system, and is widely recognized as being
      evolutionarily misleading. The occurrence and promulgation of multiple,
      contradictory taxonomic systems have added to the confusion. Recently, we
      proposed a solution to this problem which involves identifying the largest taxa
      that are widely recognized to be monophyletic, and naming them using a commonly
      recognizable prefix and the suffix "protista". Thus, nomenclatural prejudice is
      eliminated, and, by keeping the system informal and thus circumventing the
      Linnaean system, our system remains flexible in accommodating new data yet should
      retain a great degree of stability. Here we discuss possible criticisms of our
      proposal, such as whether the introduction of more terms could lead to further
      taxonomic and nomenclatural instability, and conclude that our proposal remains a
      most reasonable solution to the problem of protistan nomenclature.

PMID- 3395679
TI  - Molecular evolution of the 5'-terminal domain of large-subunit rRNA from lower
      eukaryotes. A broad phylogeny covering photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic
      protists.
AB  - This paper summarizes the present status of an analysis of protist phylogeny
      using rapid partial sequencing of 28S rRNA. Data from 12 protistan phyla are now
      available and have been used to construct a tentative dendrogram based on a
      distance matrix method. The tree is robust and has considerable internal
      consistency. The following salient points are observed: a number of flagellate
      groups (particularly Euglenozoa) emerge very early among eukaryotes, whereas
      ciliates and dinoflagellates emerge late, suggesting that some characteristics
      that had been considered as primitive may in fact be derived. Both chlorophytic
      and chromophytic photosynthetic protists emerge very late in the tree, close to
      the Metazoa-Metaphyta-Fungi radiation, suggesting relatively late occurrence of
      the photosynthetic symbiosis. Taxonomic and phylogenetic information is also
      obtained within a phylum where rRNA of enough species are sequenced. A deep
      trichotomy is thus observed within the ciliates. The data are discussed with
      respect to classical protist phylogenies.

PMID- 3395680
TI  - Cladistic analysis of ribosomal RNAs--the phylogeny of eukaryotes with respect to
      the endosymbiotic theory.
AB  - A strict cladistic analysis of 5S and 16S rRNA secondary and primary structure
      confirms particular hypotheses concerning the phylogeny of eukaryotes: plastids
      of Euglena, green algae and land plants, and the cyanelle of Cyanophora share a
      specific character and are closely related to cyanobacteria of the Synechococcus
      type. Angiosperm mitochondria share specific signatures with the alpha
      subdivision of rhodobacteria. Cyanophora is a member of the Euglenozoa, the
      Oomycetes are derived from a group of heterokont algae.

PMID- 3395681
TI  - The secondary structure of large-subunit rRNA divergent domains, a marker for
      protist evolution.
AB  - The secondary structure of the large-subunit ribosomal RNA (24-26S rRNA) has been
      studied with emphasis on comparative analysis of the folding patterns of the
      divergent domains in the available protist sequences, that is Prorocentrum micans
      (dinoflagellate), Saccharomyces carlsbergensis (yeast), Tetrahymena thermophila
      (ciliate), Physarum polycephalum and Dictyostelium discoideum (slime moulds),
      Crithidia fasciculata and Giardia lamblia (parasitic flagellates). The folding
      for the D3, D7a and D10 divergent domains has been refined and a consensus model
      for the protist 24-26S rRNA structure is proposed. Two hundred seventy-seven
      nucleotide-long aligned sequences representing all or part of the D3, H32-33, D8,
      D9 and D10 divergent domains are used for the construction of unrooted
      phylogenetic trees either calculated from a nucleotide difference matrix, or
      determined with the PAUP programme based on the parsimony method. Both
      phylogenies suggest three major branchings, the first leading to the
      dinoflagellate (which branches off first), ciliate and yeast, the second to the
      slime moulds, and the last to the parasitic flagellates.

PMID- 3395682
TI  - The histones of the endosymbiont alga of Peridinium balticum (Dinophyceae).
AB  - The histones of the endosymbiont nucleus of the binucleate dinoflagellate
      Peridinium balticum were characterized by amino acid analysis and peptide
      mapping, and compared to calf thymus histones. Using these and various other
      criteria we have identified two H1-like histones as well as the highly conserved
      histones H3 and H4. A 13,000 dalton component in sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS)
      gels can be separated into two components in Triton-containing gels. We suggest
      that these histones (HPb1 and HPb2) correspond to the vertebrate histones H2A and
      H2B, respectively.

PMID- 3395683
TI  - Flagellar root maps allow speculative comparisons of root patterns and of their
      ontogeny.
AB  - A method of mapping the patterns of origin of flagellar roots around basal bodies
      in two-dimensional diagrams is suggested, making allowance for the varied
      orientations of members of a pair or quartet of basal bodies in a cell. The
      method is used to compare flagellar root patterns in a wide range of protistan
      groups, and appears to demonstrate similarities in many areas. Comparison of such
      patterns in three published examples shows that during the ontogeny of a basal
      body it may display first one root pattern and then another, so that the root
      array of a given basal body is not fixed but changes with the position and role
      of that basal body in the cell.

PMID- 3395684
TI  - Flagellar systems in the euglenoid flagellates.
AB  - The flagellar apparatus of euglenoids consists of two functional basal bodies,
      three unequal microtubular roots subtending the reservoir, and a fourth band of
      microtubules nucleated from one of the flagellar roots and subtending the
      reservoir membrane. The flagellar apparatus of some euglenoids may contain
      additional basal bodies, striated roots ("rhizoplasts"), fibrous roots, striated
      connecting fibers between basal bodies, layered structures, or various electron
      dense connective substances. With the possible exception of Petalomonas
      cantuscygni, nearly all euglenoids are biflagellate although the length of one
      flagellum may be highly reduced. The flagellar transition zone and number of
      basal bodies are highly variable among species. In recent years a cytoplasmic
      pocket that branches off from the reservoir has been discovered. The microtubules
      of the ventral flagellar root are continuous with the microtubules which line
      this pocket. Based on positional and structural similarities, this structure is
      believed to be homologous with the MTR/cytostome of bodonids. Coupled with other
      ultrastructural and biochemical data, the fine structure of the flagellar
      apparatus supports the belief that the euglenoid flagellates are descendant from
      bodonid ancestors.

PMID- 3395685
TI  - Ultrastructure of Chilomonas paramecium and the phylogeny of the cryptoprotists.
AB  - The ultrastructure of the cryptoprotist Chilomonas paramecium is reviewed and
      compared to earlier accounts. Distinctive features include a complex cytoskeleton
      which defines the cell organization and interconnects cell components;
      trichocysts which resemble those in other cryptoprotists; and two non
      photosynthetic plastids. During mitosis there is partial dispersal of the nuclear
      envelope early in prophase but some remains at the nuclear periphery throughout
      mitosis. At metaphase chromosomes are arranged on the longitudinal axis of an
      elongated elliptical nucleus. During telophase the chromosomes decondense and the
      nuclear envelope reforms. Cell structure is compared with that in other
      cryptoprotists, and origin of this taxon of algae is discussed.

PMID- 3395687
TI  - How modern systematics relates to the rumen fungi.
AB  - The zoosporic fungi comprise a polyphyletic grouping of four classes, the
      Plasmodiophoromycetes, Oomycetes, Hyphochytriomycetes and Chytridiomycetes. Apart
      from their absorptive mode of nutrition and the presence of zoospores in some
      stage of their life cycle, there is little these classes have in common. The
      zoosporic species of rumen fungi are classified in the Class Chytridiomycetes
      which is a monophyletic group with extreme diversity in thallus morphology,
      reproduction and zoospore cytology. The rumen fungi have many characteristics in
      common with the Spizellomycetaceae but have been given their own family, the
      Neocallimasticaceae. There are arguments for reducing this family to synonymy
      with the Spizellomycetaceae, or elevating it to a new order, but before a
      rational decision can be made, more rumen fungi require detailed examination,
      especially their zoospore ultrastructure.

PMID- 3395686
TI  - The thraustochytrids: a protist group with mixed affinities.
AB  - The thraustochytrids, a group of marine, monocentric protists are reconsidered
      phylogenetically drawing upon ultrastructural and biochemical characters. They
      appear to have affiliations with both heterokont groups and other phyla of marine
      organisms, but still remain an essentially independent entity.

PMID- 3395688
TI  - Growth and survival of rumen fungi.
AB  - The life cycle and growth kinetics of an anaerobic rumen fungus (Neocallimastix
      R1) in liquid and solid media are described, together with its response to light,
      temperature and oxygen. These results are discussed in relation to the survival
      of rumen fungi in saliva and faeces of sheep, and the possible routes for the
      transfer of anaerobic fungi between ruminants. The thallus and life cycle of
      Neocallimastix R1 are compared with those of aerobic chytrids.

PMID- 3395690
TI  - The fermentative characteristics of anaerobic rumen fungi.
AB  - Substrate utilization and fermentation characteristics of rumen fungi of the
      genus Neocallimastix are described. Preliminary observations on the removal of
      monosaccharides from plant cell walls and the effect of fermentation products on
      growth of Neocallimastix sp. (isolate R1) are presented. The properties of rumen
      fungi are discussed in relation to their role in the rumen.

PMID- 3395689
TI  - Nutrition and biochemistry of anaerobic Chytridiomycetes.
AB  - The nutrition and biochemistry of anaerobic Chytridiomycetes is at present poorly
      understood. Data has been obtained principally from studies of rumen isolates of
      Neocallimastix spp. grown in vitro. Our knowledge of the nutrition of
      Neocallimastix is summarised. Current information on glycolysis and fermentation
      product generation via cystosolic and hydrogenosomal systems, production of
      enzymes involved in plant cell wall hydrolysis, lipid metabolism and the role of
      Chytridiomycetes in ruminal proteolysis is discussed. At present this is
      insufficient to provide useful phylogenetic information.

PMID- 3395691
TI  - Sugar and polysaccharide fermentation by rumen anaerobic fungi from Australia,
      Britain and New Zealand.
AB  - Nine strains of anaerobic fungi, assigned to the genera Neocallimastix and
      Piromonas, have been isolated from samples of ruminal digesta obtained from sheep
      and cattle in temperate Australia. Two strains of Sphaeromonas were also isolated
      from sheep. The patterns of utilization of mono-, oligo- and polysaccharides were
      determined for these fungi, four Neocallimastix spp. from Britain and New
      Zealand, and two Piromonas spp. from Britain. All 17 strains utilized cellobiose,
      fructose, gentiobiose, glucose and lactose. The seven Neocallimastix spp.,
      whether from sheep or cattle, also fermented cellulose, glycogen, inulin,
      maltose, raffinose, starch, sucrose, xylan and xylose. Both Sphaeromonas isolates
      also fermented xylan and xylose. The eight Piromonas strains displayed a
      diversity in carbohydrate utilization, and could not be formed into a cohesive
      group. The metabolic endproducts of one strain each of Neocallimastix,
      Sphaeromonas and Piromonas were determined. They all produced acetate, formate,
      D(-)-lactate, ethanol and CO2 during glucose fermentation.

PMID- 3395692
TI  - Rumen fungi: morphological types from Georgia cattle and the attack on forage
      cell walls.
AB  - Fungal colonies developing in anaerobic media from zoospores in rumen fluid from
      cows eating Cynodon dactylon or Medicago sativa included types showing
      monocentric and polycentric growth. High energy supplements added to diets of
      Sorghum bicolor silage increased fungal numbers in the rumen, but increases were
      also affected by the history and predisposition of the animal. Mixed fungal types
      in rumen fluid and pure cultures of isolates showing monocentric and polycentric
      growth degraded and weakened lignocellulosic tissues and penetrated the cuticle
      of C. dactylon leaf blades. By weakening or degrading recalcitrant structures in
      forages, rumen fungi may alter physical parameters of plants that influence
      utilization of fibre by ruminants.

PMID- 3395693
TI  - A rumen anaerobic fungus of the genus Neocallimastix: ultrastructure of the
      polyflagellate zoospore and young thallus.
AB  - The ultrastructure of the zoosporic, rumen fungal anaerobe, Neocallimastix sp.
      R1, was determined and compared to that of the two known species of
      Neocallimastix. Zoospores of the new isolate were generally ovoid in shape, but
      without the waisted appearance of N. frontalis zoospores. They possessed similar
      organelles to the other two species, but with different localisation. The
      flagellar rootlet system was broadly similar to N. frontalis and N. patriciarum,
      however, a previously undescribed, large organelle was found to be associated
      near the kinetosomal apparatus in some Neocallimastix sp. R1 zoospores. Well
      developed flagella, complete with basal bodies, were observed in young thalli.

PMID- 3395694
TI  - Ultrastructural description of a new chytrid genus of caecum anaerobe, Caecomyces
      equi gen. nov., sp. nov., assigned to the Neocallimasticaceae.
AB  - Vegetative and reproductive stages of Caecomyces equi gen. nov., sp. nov.
      isolated from the horse caecum were examined by light and electron microscopy.
      This organism, which is similar to isolates known as Sphaeromonas communis,
      produces uniflagellate, uninucleate zoospores whose perikinetosomal structures,
      i.e. circumflagellar ring, spur, struts and scoop, are similar in many respects
      to those described in species of Neocallimastix. Microtubular roots extend
      basally from the spur and associate with hydrogenosomes and the nucleus. Another
      group of microtubules radiates laterally in a fan-shaped array close to the
      plasmalemma. Zoospores encyst, shedding their flagella with basal bodies, and
      germinate to diglobular thalli. Either coralloid or bulbous rhizoids form in
      plant material, but only the latter in axenic culture. Incipient zoospores are
      produced from a multinucleate eucarpic thallus and devlop within cleavage
      vacuoles containing flagella. An isolate from the cow rumen was found to be
      similar to C. equi in morphology and zoospore ultrastructure. On the basis of
      zoospore ultrastructure, we assign the new genus to the Neocallimasticaceae of
      the order Spizellomycetales. Organisms previously described as Sphaeromonas
      communis and Piromonas communis are renamed Caecomyces communis and Piromyces
      communis and assigned to the same family.

PMID- 3395695
TI  - Recommendations for future taxonomic studies of gut fungi.
AB  - Guidelines for the description of new species of gut fungi are presented. These
      include a recommendation that descriptions be based on cultures grown on a
      standard medium, a recipe which is described.

PMID- 3395696
TI  - Congenital determinants of violence.
AB  - Specialization--the predisposition to violent behavior persisting over an
      extended period of time--is considered in relation to congenital factors, to
      determine whether such factors are contributory to this predisposition.
      Congenital factors include inherited characteristics and perinatal experiences.
      Evidence for inherited characteristics in criminal behavior is approached through
      family studies, the study of twins, and adoption studies. Of those three,
      adoption studies provide the most fertile ground for study. Predisposition toward
      criminal behavior is noted to be limited to property crime. The second congenital
      factor is the perinatal experience. Minor physical anomalies appear to be
      strongly related to hyperactivity and later criminal involvement, but only if the
      offender was reared in an unstable, nonintact family. Indices of perinatal
      problems relate to later violent crime, rather than to property crime, and may
      have as their basis some form of trauma occurring very early in life.

PMID- 3395697
TI  - The medical model versus the just deserts model.
AB  - This paper traces the history of two models that have been influential in shaping
      modern views toward criminals. One of these two--the medical model--is based on
      the concept of rehabilitation, that is, treatment predicated on the attributes of
      the offender. The second of these two--the just deserts model--centers on
      retribution, that is, punishment deserved for the seriousness of the crime. Each
      model has been dominant in various periods of history.

PMID- 3395698
TI  - A judge's three worlds: proof, philosophy, and the prison.
AB  - Tensions between the world of science and the world of law may arise because of
      their differing viewpoints and philosophies. Disagreements may center around such
      questions as what constitutes proof, around human behavior, and around the use of
      the insanity defense in criminal cases. The just deserts model is examined and is
      criticized as being harsh and possibly unrealistic in today's society.

PMID- 3395699
TI  - Violence: a product of biosocial interactions.
AB  - All behavior is seen to be a result of interactions between the brain on the one
      hand and environmental challenges and endogenous drives on the other.
      Intergenerational transfer theory fails to explain cases of habitual aggression
      that have no identifiable social origin, and there is compelling evidence for the
      existence of brain-environmental interaction. The key roles that may be played by
      age, gender, neurological factors, and biological defects in aggressive and
      antisocial behavior are reviewed.

PMID- 3395700
TI  - Violence. Roots and remedies: the perspective of the forensic psychiatrist.
AB  - The role of the forensic psychiatrist is described in this paper. This role is
      unique in that it applies the research findings of the neurologist, the
      neuropsychologist, the criminologist, and other behavioral specialists to
      courtroom proceedings. The possibility that medical malfunction such as brain
      damage, endocrinological problems, toxicity, infection, or neurological disorder
      may be associated with violent behavior is discussed. The forensic psychiatrist
      has several functions to perform in the courtroom. He or she must be able to
      assess the likelihood that any type of malfunctioning such as those mentioned may
      have had a part in the defendant's violent behavior, assess the defendant's state
      of mind at the time of commission of the crime, and determine whether the
      individual is competent to stand trial. The five phases of the criminal justice
      system are reviewed as they bear on the work of the forensic psychiatrist.

PMID- 3395701
TI  - Multiple paraphilic diagnoses among sex offenders.
AB  - The psychiatric literature suggests that paraphiliacs can be expected to
      participate in only one type of deviant sexual behavior. Using self-reports
      gathered with assured confidentiality from 561 nonincarcerated paraphiliacs, we
      discovered that most paraphiliacs have had significant experience with as many as
      ten different types of deviant sexual behavior without regard, in many cases, to
      gender, age, and familial relationship of the victim. The relevance of these
      findings to our understanding of paraphiliacs and their treatment is discussed.

PMID- 3395703
TI  - Antisocial personality and substance abuse disorders.
AB  - The relationship between antisocial personality (ASP) disorder and drug and
      alcohol disorders was examined using data from the Diagnostic Interview Schedule
      (DIS) gathered on a sample of 1,149 male prison inmates. The results of a linear
      canonical discriminant function analysis indicate differences among those with a
      DIS/ASP diagnosis that are related to the presence or absence of an accompanying
      substance abuse diagnosis: whites are more likely than nonwhites to receive the
      ASP diagnosis with a substance abuse diagnosis, and substance abuse appears to
      magnify ASP symptomatology. Diagnostic and clinical implications of findings are
      discussed.

PMID- 3395704
TI  - Violence in our society.
AB  - Violent interactions between parent and child, and between spouses, occur at a
      high rate in the United States. In response to this situation, several federal
      agencies are involved in various research projects whose goal is a better
      understanding of the roots of violence. Among these agencies are the Division of
      Injury Epidemiology and Control (Centers for Disease Control), the Office of
      Minority Health (Department of Health and Human Services), and the Antisocial and
      Violent Behavior Branch (National Institute of Mental Health).

PMID- 3395702
TI  - Validating the components of a taxonomic system for rapists: a path analytic
      approach.
AB  - This study was part of a series designed to validate a classification system for
      rapists developed at the Massachusetts Treatment Center. This system (MTC:R2)
      determines subtypes according to three major dimensions: the meaning of the
      aggression in the rapist's offenses (expressive versus instrumental), the meaning
      of the sexual behavior (compensatory, exploitative, displaced anger, or
      sadistic), and the degree of general lifestyle impulsivity (low or high). A total
      of 201 rapists were subtyped using this system. A path analytic approach was used
      to relate family, juvenile, and adult histories to the main decisions of subtype
      assignment. The classification of an offender on each of the three dimensions was
      informed by a developmental perspective. Results provided support for the use of
      the discriminators used and highlighted the deficiencies in our current knowledge
      regarding developmental precursors. These results were integrated with the
      findings from other studies using MTC:R2 and suggestions for revisions to the
      current classification system were discussed.

PMID- 3395705
TI  - [Sarcomas of the bone and soft tissue: general observations].
AB  - The term sarcomas regroups a large variety of malignant tumors originating from
      the mesenchymal tissues, which represent only 1% of cancers, with a higher
      relative frequency in children. Whether bone or soft tissue tumors, their
      preeminent general evolutive characteristics are a high local aggressiveness and
      a high frequency of hematogenic metastatic diffusion, with a predilection for
      pulmonary involvement. An improved knowledge of the natural history of sarcomas
      has led to a better definition of multidisciplinary therapeutical protocols for
      each particular disease.

PMID- 3395706
TI  - [Contribution of immunology and molecular biology].
AB  - Recent technical advances in immunology and molecular genetics have allowed to
      better delineate Ewing sarcoma among other small round cell tumors of bone and
      soft tissues. Ewing cells present with a characteristic translocation t (11;22)
      (q23-24; q11-12) shared with neuroepithelioma. They express a series of cell
      surface antigens associated with the neuroectodermal differentiation lineage.
      These data open new avenues for exploring the origin and the mechanism of
      transformation of these tumors and to conceive new therapeutical approaches.

PMID- 3395707
TI  - [Pathological anatomy of sarcomas of the bone and soft tissue].
AB  - The different pathologic aspects of bone and soft-tissue sarcomas are discussed:
      usefulness of special techniques, particularly immunohistochemistry, histologic
      classification and grading, diagnosis of frozen sections and assessment of
      treatment effects, particularly of postoperative chemotherapy.

PMID- 3395708
TI  - [Imaging of bone sarcomas].
AB  - Radiological study of bone sarcomas has been improved for the last ten years.
      Standard X-ray analysis is now more precise. CT and MRI are presently playing an
      important role for pretreatment local evaluation, assessment of treatment
      effectiveness and detection of recurrences.

PMID- 3395709
TI  - [Radiotherapy of sarcomas of the soft tissue in the adult].
AB  - Clinical experience has proved henceforth that radiotherapy must be considered as
      an integral part of the treatment of adult soft tissue sarcomas. When combined
      with surgery, it considerably reduces the local recurrence rate and increases the
      long term cure rate to about 70%. Such results can be achieved with the minimal
      impeding sequellae when the dose of irradiation is adjusted following the quality
      of the surgical excision. A dose of 50 Gy is sufficient when no microscopic
      tumoral foci are left in the tumor bed by the surgeon. It must be higher when it
      is not the case. The residual metastatic risk is about 30%. We begin to know
      better which factors are linked to this risk. Clinical research is under way to
      assess the value of adding chemotherapy in the protocol of high risk patients.

PMID- 3395711
TI  - Use of ion-molecule reactions for selected reaction monitoring in gas
      chromatographic/tandem mass spectrometric analyses in two model systems.
AB  - The use of ion-molecule reactions with NH3 for selected reaction monitoring (SRM)
      in gas chromatographic/tandem mass spectrometric analysis is demonstrated for 2
      methoxyethanol and chlorobenzene in methanol and urine. In the former, the
      reaction [CH3OC2H4]+ + NH3----[H2NC2H4]+ + CH3OH was followed; in the latter, the
      reaction [-C3H5Cl]+. + NH3----[C6H5NH3]+ + Cl.. Increased selectivity and an
      improvement in sensitivity by factors of up to five were observed when compared
      to conventional SRM analyses that used collisionally activated decompositions on
      NH3. SRM analyses with a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer using ion
      molecule reactions rather than collisionally activated decompositions have been
      found to be more sensitive and more selective in two model systems.

PMID- 3395710
TI  - [Sarcomas of soft tissue in the adult. Therapeutical indications].
AB  - Treatment of soft-tissue sarcomas has to deal simultaneously with three goals: 1)
      to obtain the control of the primary tumor, 2) to preserve the function, and 3)
      to treat the micrometastatic disease. For local control, surgery remains the most
      efficient treatment, but the extent of the resection of macroscopically non
      involved tissue, and as consequence, resulting dysfunction, can be reduced by
      properly planned postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Moreover, surgery
      may be easier, following preoperative radiotherapy or chemotherapy, which may
      also allow secondary excision of a primarily inoperable tumor. For the treatment
      of the micrometastatic disease, the efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy has to be
      confirmed by further studies; some results published to date are encouraging.
      Thus, treatment of soft-tissue sarcomas remains difficult, but important advances
      are to be expected in the next few years. A multidisciplinary approach is
      necessary, involving not only surgeons, radiotherapists and medical oncologists,
      but also radiologists and pathologists.

PMID- 3395712
TI  - Laser desorption/Fourier transform mass spectrometry of steroids.
AB  - Mass spectra of six representative underivatized steroids and three parent
      hydrocarbons were obtained using laser desorption/Fourier transform (LD/FT) mass
      spectrometry. The carbonyl steroids, with the exception of aldosterone, yielded
      abundant [M + H]+ ions. For cholesterol, a major fragment ion was that
      corresponding to dehydration. The hydrocarbons produced [M + H]+, M+ and [M - H]+
      ions, in addition to expected alkyl cleavage ions including those resulting from
      methyl loss. The LD/FT mass spectra of all were qualitatively similar to electron
      ionization spectra, but showed somewhat less fragmentation.

PMID- 3395713
TI  - Characterization of glutathione conjugates by fast atom bombardment/tandem mass
      spectrometry.
AB  - The collisionally activated decomposition of [M + H]+ ions, generated by fast
      atom bombardment (FAB) of glutathione conjugates, has been studied by tandem mass
      spectrometry (MS/MS) using hybrid sector/quadrupole instruments. Abundant
      fragments of diagnostic utility were present in the daughter ion spectra. Common
      fragmentation modes were observed but their relative importance was strongly
      dependent on the nature of the conjugated species. As an example of a general
      approach to the characterization of glutathione conjugates in biological samples,
      the acetaminophen-glutathione conjugate was identified in rat bile, following
      coadministration of (2H0)- and (2H3)acetaminophen, using the experimental
      sequence: (i) conventional FAB mass spectrometric analysis, (ii) MS/MS using
      constant neutral loss (129 u) scanning to identify parent ions corresponding to
      glutathione conjugates, (iii) MS/MS to yield daughter ion spectra of parents so
      identified and corresponding to (2H0)- and (2H3)-labeled conjugates.

PMID- 3395714
TI  - Analysis of glutathione conjugates and related compounds by thermospray mass
      spectrometry.
AB  - A series of 17 cysteine, N-acetyl cysteine, glutathione, and N-trifluoroacetyl
      glutathione conjugates have been prepared, and their thermospray (TSP) spectra
      have been recorded in the positive and negative ion modes. The compounds undergo
      extensive fragmentation, which primarily occurs at the carbon-sulfur bonds. For
      most of the compounds, positive ion TSP is more sensitive than negative ion
      thermospray. Probably due to the thermal lability of these adducts, the quality
      of the spectra obtained are dependent on source conditions, requiring fine
      control of the vaporization/desolvation process.

PMID- 3395715
TI  - Substance problems: the future of specialist services.

PMID- 3395716
TI  - Edinburgh: the Alcohol Research Group.

PMID- 3395717
TI  - Shadowland: general practitioners and the treatment of opiate-abusing patients.

PMID- 3395718
TI  - HIV infection in intravenous drug users: a follow-up study indicating changes in
      risk-taking behaviour.

PMID- 3395719
TI  - Reliability of a timeline method: assessing normal drinkers' reports of recent
      drinking and a comparative evaluation across several populations.

PMID- 3395720
TI  - Positive and negative experiences related to drinking as a function of annual
      alcohol intake.

PMID- 3395721
TI  - Long-term effectiveness of probation, short-term intervention and LAI
      administration for reducing DUI recidivism.

PMID- 3395722
TI  - Drunk-driving intervention in an urban community: an exploratory analysis.

PMID- 3395723
TI  - Multi-impulsive personality disorder and multiple substance abuse: evidence from
      members of self-help groups.

PMID- 3395724
TI  - Language disorder: a presenting symptom of alcoholic dementia.

PMID- 3395725
TI  - Parkinsonism and dyskinesias during ethanol withdrawal.

PMID- 3395727
TI  - Drug addiction and crime.

PMID- 3395726
TI  - Collaborative longitudinal research on alcohol problems.

PMID- 3395728
TI  - A place for bromides?

PMID- 3395729
TI  - Exercise dependence.

PMID- 3395731
TI  - Controlled drinking in the severely dependent patient: a reply.

PMID- 3395730
TI  - The University College Drug Dependence Unit.

PMID- 3395732
TI  - Data note--13. Alcohol policy and the British government bureaucracy.

PMID- 3395733
TI  - Client perceptions of significant events in prescriptive and exploratory periods
      of individual therapy.
AB  - This study compared the impact of helpful and hindering events, as perceived by
      40 clients, in two forms of psychotherapy: an exploratory, relationship-oriented
      therapy, and a prescriptive, cognitive/behavioural therapy. All clients received
      eight sessions of each type of treatment in a crossover design. Events were
      obtained by self-report both during and at the end of each period, and content
      analysed for type of therapeutic impact by three trained raters. Results showed
      that during treatment the most commonly occurring helpful impacts across both
      types of treatments were 'problem solution', 'awareness' and 'reassurance', while
      the most commonly occurring hindering impact was 'unwanted thoughts'. Similar
      impacts were reported at the end of each period, with the addition of 'personal
      contact'. In addition, it was found that 'problem solution' and 'reassurance'
      impacts were more commonly reported in prescriptive treatment, whereas
      'awareness' and 'personal contact' impacts were more prevalent in exploratory
      treatment. Only the prevalence of 'unwanted thoughts' was correlated (negatively)
      with outcome. Some possible reasons for the lack of correlation between reported
      impacts and outcome are suggested.

PMID- 3395734
TI  - Word fluency in patients with early dementia of Alzheimer type.
AB  - The relative fluency with which 15 patients with Alzheimer-type dementia (DAT)
      retrieved words with specified first letters and belonging to semantically
      defined categories was assessed. Patients with DAT were always less fluent than
      controls but, like the 12 normal elderly subjects, they were more efficient in
      accessing words belonging to semantic categories. Their deficit in retrieving
      words with specified first letters was greater than that predicted on the basis
      of verbal intellectual ability. No differences in word fluency were detected in
      presenile and senile patients. These data support the conclusion that word
      fluency may prove useful in the detection of early dementia.

PMID- 3395735
TI  - A follow-up of Israeli casualties of combat stress reaction ('battle shock') in
      the 1982 Lebanon War.
AB  - A sample of 104 Israeli soldiers diagnosed as suffering from combat stress
      reactions (CSR) ('battle shock') during the 1982 Lebanon War were examined by
      mental health clinicians a year after the war. The clinicians assessed (a) post
      traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as defined in the DSM-III (1980), (b) associated
      psychological symptoms (somatization, anxiety, and depression), and (c)
      disturbances in post-war functioning. The clinicians collected background
      information on sociodemographic characteristics, premilitary and military
      adjustment, combat experiences, and the extent of the CSR episode. The analysis
      indicated that PTSD could be predicted fairly well by the extent of the CSR
      episode and specific combat experiences, while the psychological symptoms were
      predicted mainly by combat experiences, and post-war functioning was predicted
      mainly by pre-war factors. The implication of combat experiences and soldiers'
      immediate reactions during combat in the genesis of subsequent PTSD is discussed.
      The multifaceted nature of war-related psychological sequelae is delineated.

PMID- 3395736
TI  - Discrete dimensions in agoraphobia: a factor analytic study.
AB  - One hundred and one patients meeting DSM-III criteria for agoraphobia with panic
      rated their avoidance of 21 situations. Factor analysis of the ratings revealed
      five factors: two that were purely agoraphobic, involving travel or
      transportation and shopping; one that was agoraphobic but with social features;
      another that was agoraphobic with claustrophobic features; and a somewhat
      heterogeneous factor. The results were compared with an earlier analysis by
      Johnston, Johnston, Wilkes, Burns & Thorpe (1984) of ratings of the same
      situations and with the Fear Questionnaire of Marks & Mathews (1979).

PMID- 3395737
TI  - Therapist and patient factors in the behavioural treatment of phobic patients.
AB  - Thirty-five phobic patients were assessed in order to investigate the specific
      therapist and patient factors operative within treatment. Although the factors
      were highly correlated, they did distinguish between those patients who benefited
      differentially from treatment.

PMID- 3395739
TI  - Interrogative suggestibility: its relationship with assertiveness, social
      evaluative anxiety, state anxiety and method of coping.
AB  - This paper attempts to investigate empirically in 30 subjects some of the
      theoretical components related to individual differences that are thought by
      Gudjonsson & Clark (1986) to mediate interrogative suggestibility as measured by
      the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale (GSS; Gudjonsson, 1984a). The variables
      studied were: assertiveness, social-evaluative anxiety, state anxiety and the
      coping methods subjects are able to generate and implement during interrogation.
      Low assertiveness and high evaluative anxiety were found to correlate moderately
      with suggestibility, but no significant correlations emerged for 'social
      avoidance and distress'. State anxiety correlated significantly with
      suggestibility, particularly after negative feedback had been administered.
      Coping methods (active-cognitive/behavioural vs. avoidance) significantly
      predicted suggestibility scores. The findings give strong support to the
      theoretical model of Gudjonsson & Clark.

PMID- 3395738
TI  - Motivational dominance in psychopaths.
AB  - Thirty-seven male, medico-legally defined psychopaths were compared with 29
      similarly aged control subjects, on four measures of telic dominance. This tested
      a hypothesis proposed by Apter (1982) that psychopaths would be paratelic
      dominant, implying that their motivation would be to increase immediate
      experiential arousal at the expense of future planning and serious mindedness.
      The results indicated that the broad category of psychopaths were more telic
      dominant than controls, contrary to Apter's hypothesis. The same analysis was
      undertaken comparing control subjects and the experimental group, subdivided into
      three categories of primary psychopaths, secondary psychopaths and a group of non
      psychopathic offenders. Significant differences were found on all four telic
      dominance measures. Further analysis revealed the major influence to be extreme
      telic dominance scores of the non-psychopathic group. No systematic differences
      emerged between the normal group and either of the psychopathic groups.

PMID- 3395740
TI  - Dementia and mental handicap: emotional distress in carers.
AB  - A postal survey was conducted to examine levels of emotional distress in three
      groups of carers, namely, daughters caring for a dementing parent, mothers caring
      for a mentally handicapped child and mothers caring for a mentally handicapped
      adult. Daughters caring for a dementing parent reported significantly higher
      levels of distress than both groups of mothers. Emotional distress for all groups
      was higher than found in the general population, although this difference was
      only significant for the group of daughters and the mothers with a mentally
      handicapped child. Findings are discussed in relation to service provision and
      level of disability.

PMID- 3395741
TI  - GRAN: a computer program for the cluster analysis of a repertory grid.
AB  - A BASIC computer program is described for analysing individual repertory grids.
      The analysis results in a rearranged version of the grid, with similar constructs
      and similar elements grouped together. Element and construct similarities are
      assessed using single-link hierarchical cluster analysis. The program works with
      rating, ranked or dichotomous grids and copes with missing entries.

PMID- 3395742
TI  - Differential effects of social skills training for two levels of
      Machiavellianism.
AB  - The personality trait Machiavellianism is related to social interaction. Its
      clinical relevance was studied with reference to the outcome of multi-model
      social skills training for women. The null hypothesis received general support
      but the significant differences which did emerge favoured High Machs in terms of
      self-reported assertiveness and anxiety.

PMID- 3395743
TI  - Global ratings of stress in the elderly.
AB  - The properties of four global ratings of life stress were investigated using data
      from 237 elderly subjects interviewed using the Brown & Harris life event and
      difficulties schedule. The global ratings had high one-year test-retest
      reliability and inter-rater reliability agreement. A summary measure of Adversity
      (based on contextual rating of all events and difficulties) may be reliably
      derived when a single index of life stress is desired. In the elderly sample
      Adversity was more closely related to chronic difficulties than to life-events.

PMID- 3395744
TI  - The relationship between demographic variables and NART performance in normal
      subjects.
AB  - The relationship between NART performance and demographic variables was examined
      in a group of subjects free of neurologic or psychiatric disorder (n = 201). NART
      estimated IQ was significantly correlated with education, social class and age.
      The correlation between age and NART IQ was no longer significant after
      partialling out either education or social class. There was no evidence of a
      curvilinear relationship between age and NART performance. There was no
      significant sex difference in NART performance. Nelson's (1982) report of a high
      split-half reliability was confirmed.

PMID- 3395745
TI  - Psychometric properties of the Pain Assessment Questionnaire.
AB  - The Pain Assessment Questionnaire (PAQ) was administered to 58 health care
      professionals with a concurrent validation measure, the Knowledge of Behavioral
      Principles Questionnaire. The PAQ showed adequate internal consistency,
      concurrent and criterion group validities. Attempts to develop two parallel forms
      of the PAQ and replicate the factor structure reported by Saunders & Webster
      (1982) were unsuccessful.

PMID- 3395746
TI  - The relationship of intelligence and memory to interrogative suggestibility: the
      importance of range effects.
AB  - This paper looks at the relationship between intelligence, memory and
      interrogative suggestibility, particularly with reference to range effects. The
      subjects were 60 normal subjects and 100 forensic patients who had completed the
      Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale (GSS) and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale.
      Clear range effects of IQ and memory were evident in their relationship with
      suggestibility.

PMID- 3395747
TI  - Negative self-schema: the effects of induced depressed mood.
AB  - A depth-of-processing incidental recall paradigm, previously used as a measure of
      negative self-schema in depressed patients (Derry & Kuiper, 1981), was
      administered to normal subjects in whom depressed or neutral mood had been
      induced. Subjects in whom depressed mood was induced showed a pattern of recall
      similar to that previously found for depressed patients, suggesting (1) that at
      least some of the effects observed in depressed patients were a function of
      transient mood state, rather than persistent characteristics, and (2) that these
      effects of depressed mood also occur in individuals who have not been selected
      for vulnerability to clinical depression.

PMID- 3395748
TI  - Will "Korner" help outpatients?

PMID- 3395749
TI  - Perioperative deaths.

PMID- 3395750
TI  - Alcohol dependence in women: early onset of brain damage.

PMID- 3395751
TI  - Colovesical fistulas.
AB  - Colovesical fistula often presents with recurrent or persistent urinary tract
      infection, especially in men. The commonest cause is diverticular disease. Other
      causes include carcinoma of the colon, Crohn's disease, radiotherapy and trauma.
      Barium enema may suggest the pathology but cystoscopy is the best investigation
      to confirm the presence of a fistula. One-stage resection and anastomosis is
      suitable for most patients with diverticular disease.

PMID- 3395752
TI  - Early presentation of phaeochromocytoma as acute arterial disease.

PMID- 3395753
TI  - Deep venous thrombosis: a misdiagnosis of popliteal aneurysms.

PMID- 3395755
TI  - Opposition to clinical audit.

PMID- 3395754
TI  - The pathogenesis of blast injury and its management.
AB  - Terrorist bombings remain a not uncommon problem. Most of the victims suffering
      primary blast injury die, if not from the blast then from secondary missile
      injuries, while most of the survivors have more or less serious secondary
      injuries alone. A small percentage have either pure blast injury or secondary
      injuries complicated by blast phenomena. It is important to recognize this group
      and treat it appropriately.

PMID- 3395756
TI  - Surgeons wary of minor ops by GPs.

PMID- 3395757
TI  - Epilepsy clinics for continuity care.

PMID- 3395758
TI  - Parental involvement in child health surveillance.

PMID- 3395759
TI  - Specialty status for old age psychiatry.

PMID- 3395760
TI  - The "best treatment" for opiate addiction.

PMID- 3395761
TI  - The venous dorsal digital island flap or the "neutral" flap.
AB  - Over a 4 1/2 year period, 23 patients with an age range of 13 months to 66 years
      have undergone reconstruction of palmar or dorsal digital and hand defects using
      a "venous" island flap. The reconstructive surgery was carried out in the S.O.S.
      Main, Strasbourg. The results of this form of reconstruction are presented. The
      indications and clinical applications of this controversial flap are discussed.

PMID- 3395762
TI  - The innervated trapezius flap in facial paralysis.
AB  - The use of an innervated lateral trapezius flap to allow movement of the
      paralysed face is described. Five cases are presented, all of whom achieved some
      facial movement postoperatively. The place of this technique in the armamentarium
      of procedures for facial reanimation is discussed.

PMID- 3395763
TI  - The ulnar island flap in hand and forearm reconstruction.
AB  - The forearm is a convenient donor site for local flap cover in upper limb
      defects. Island flaps based on either of the major forearm arteries share
      properties suiting them for reconstruction from elbow to fingertips. The ulnar
      artery flap has some advantages over the radial flap, especially the easy
      management, low morbidity and better aesthetics of the donor site. Illustrative
      cases of proximally and distally based island ulnar flaps are presented.

PMID- 3395764
TI  - Bipaddled, retrograde radial extended forearm flap with microarterial anastomosis
      for reconstruction in oral cancer.
AB  - The design of a bipaddled, retrograde, radial artery forearm flap is described.
      Its utility in providing lining and cover for advanced oral cancer patients in
      five clinical cases is discussed and evaluated.

PMID- 3395765
TI  - Direct closure of the radial forearm flap donor defect.
AB  - A method of direct closure of the donor defect of the radial forearm flap is
      described. This avoids the complication of delayed wound healing which remains a
      problem after split skin graft reconstruction.

PMID- 3395766
TI  - Reconstruction of breast after super-radical mastectomy with a pedicled
      latissimus dorsi flap and a free TRAM flap.
AB  - Reconstruction of the breast after super-radical mastectomy is difficult because
      not only a breast mound but also the subclavicular and anterior axillary regions
      must be reconstructed simultaneously. If a defect is extremely large a single
      flap cannot fulfil these two purposes. For this goal we use two flaps, an
      ipsilateral pedicled latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap and a free TRAM flap
      pedicled on the inferior epigastric vessels. A latissimus dorsi flap along with a
      silicone gel prosthesis is used to reconstruct a breast mound and the free TRAM
      flap is transferred to augment the subclavicular and anterior axillary regions.
      We have used this technique successfully in three cases.

PMID- 3395767
TI  - Tensor fasciae latae musculocutaneous flaps to reconstruct skin defects after
      radical inguinal lymphadenectomy.
AB  - Tensor fasciae latae flaps were used for primary reconstruction of large groin
      defects in 20 consecutive patients who had had radical block dissection of
      inguinal nodes as palliation for advanced nodal carcinoma. Excellent palliation
      was achieved, with lower than expected morbidity.

PMID- 3395768
TI  - Results of upper lid loading in the treatment of lagophthalmos caused by facial
      palsy.
AB  - Upper lid loading by a gold weight has been used satisfactorily to treat 19 cases
      of lagophthalmos in facial palsy. The technique is simple to perform, produces an
      acceptable cosmetic and functional result and has a relatively low complication
      rate.

PMID- 3395769
TI  - Experience with an external valve in small volume tissue expanders.
AB  - Tissue expansion has been a reconstructive technique for nearly 10 years. All
      published work has described serial expansion by percutaneous injection into a
      buried reservoir. This paper reviews a small series of patients who had tissue
      expansion using small volume expanders with an external valve. The complications
      with small expanders are discussed. The external valve is shown to be
      satisfactory and free from infection in this series.

PMID- 3395770
TI  - Laser assisted microvascular anastomosis of arteries and veins: laser tissue
      welding.
AB  - Using a milliwatt CO2 laser, a series of 160 arteries and 105 veins have been
      anastomosed in Wistar rats. Three stay sutures and a laser tissue welding
      technique were used. These were compared with a series of conventionally sutured
      vessels in terms of patency, speed and ease of procedure, and aneurysm formation.
      Patency rates of successful first time anastomoses are comparable with
      conventional suturing methods but the aneurysm rate is higher. Laser assisted
      anastomosis is faster to learn and perform than conventional suturing, but
      microsurgical skills are still needed. Despite the large number of variables the
      laser assisted technique has a high success rate, and work to minimise variables
      and optimise the laser parameters may improve these results.

PMID- 3395771
TI  - Experimental study on "delay" phenomenon in relation to flap width and ischaemia.
AB  - The present investigation was designed to clarify what induces circulatory
      enhancement in the delay procedure. Two different sizes of a bipedicle flap were
      prepared in rats and the blood flow was measured at the centre of the flaps. The
      delay effect, that is, elongation of the survival length, was significantly less
      in the wide flap than in the narrow flap, though the two flap groups had almost
      identical levels of central ischaemia when averaged for each group. On the basis
      of ischaemic level, the flaps, regardless of size, were classified into two
      groups: more and less ischaemic than the mean. The delay effects noted in the
      more ischaemic flaps were not significantly different from those in the less
      ischaemic flaps. These results indicate that flap width has more influence on the
      delay effect than the degree of ischaemia.

PMID- 3395772
TI  - Does remote sepsis influence the patency of microvascular anastomoses?
AB  - A pyogenic abscess, even though remote from the artery, significantly increases
      the occlusion rate of microvascular arterial anastomoses in the rat experimental
      model.

PMID- 3395773
TI  - The use of tonometry in the assessment of upper extremity lymphoedema.
AB  - The use of a specially designed tissue tonometer in 17 lymphoedema patients, who
      were treated with multiple lymphaticovenous anastomoses, with a follow-up period
      of up to 18 months, gives a quantitative measurement of "softness" and correlates
      well with their subjective feeling. It would appear to complement limb volume and
      circumferential limb measurements.

PMID- 3395774
TI  - Tumour thickness in malignant melanoma: the limitations of frozen section.
AB  - This paper reports a prospective study to compare maximal tumour thickness values
      of the same lesion obtained by frozen and paraffin sections in 20 patients with
      malignant melanoma over a one-year period. Significant differences were found
      between tumour thickness values obtained by frozen section and paraffin section.
      There was no constant relationship between the two sets of values. As present
      prognostic and therapeutic criteria are based on tumour thickness measurements
      obtained from paraffin sections, we recommend that clinical decisions should not
      be based on results obtained from frozen sections.

PMID- 3395775
TI  - Gustatory sweating following submandibular gland excision.
AB  - A case of gustatory sweating and abnormal skin wrinkling following excision of
      the submandibular gland is described. The possible aetiology and treatment are
      outlined.

PMID- 3395776
TI  - The aesthetic surgeon, BAAPS, and the case of Serge Lifar.

PMID- 3395777
TI  - A double-blind, cross-over trial of O-(beta-hydroxyethyl) rutosides (benzo
      pyrones) in the treatment of lymphoedema of the arms and legs.

PMID- 3395778
TI  - A technique of undermining a V-Y subcutaneous island flap to maximise
      advancement.

PMID- 3395779
TI  - Attenuation of arterial blood pressure fall in endotoxin shock in the rat using
      the competitive bradykinin antagonist Lys-Lys-[Hyp2, Thi5,8, DPhe7]-Bk (B4148).
AB  - The selective competitive bradykinin (Bk) antagonist, B4148 (Lys-Lys-[Hyp2,
      Thi5,8, DPhe7]-Bk) infused at 100 micrograms kg-1 min-1 into rats produced a
      significant inhibition of the hypotensive effect of Bk and had no effect against
      acetylcholine-induced responses. In a rat model of endotoxin shock, the fall in
      mean arterial blood pressure in response to an intravenous injection of
      lipopolysaccharide from E. coli was significantly attenuated by the same infusion
      of B4148 compared to controls. These findings suggest that kinins are involved in
      the hypotensive response to endotoxin shock in rats. The development of potent Bk
      antagonists offers a new experimental approach for evaluating the role of kinins
      in this and other disease states and potential therapy in such disorders.

PMID- 3395780
TI  - Comparison of mucus flow rate, radiolabelled glycoprotein output and smooth
      muscle contraction in the ferret trachea in vitro.
AB  - 1. The concentration-response curves for rate of mucus output, labelled
      glycoprotein output and smooth muscle contraction in response to methacholine,
      phenylephrine and salbutamol were determined in the ferret trachea in vitro. 2.
      The potencies of methacholine and phenylephrine are both in order: smooth muscle
      contraction, glycoprotein output, rate of mucus output. 3. At lower
      concentrations methacholine is more potent than is phenylephrine on smooth muscle
      contraction, glycoprotein output and rate of mucus output. 4. Concentration
      response curves for salbutamol show very little change in rate of mucus output
      but a large increase in glycoprotein output. 5. It is concluded that the
      glycoprotein output induced by salbutamol may come from a source different from
      those induced by methacholine and phenylephrine.

PMID- 3395781
TI  - Importance of magnesium and potassium concentration on basal tone and 5-HT
      induced contractions in canine isolated coronary artery.
AB  - 1. In vitro studies were undertaken to investigate the effects of external
      potassium ([K+]o) and magnesium ([Mg2+]o) concentration on canine coronary
      arterial basal tone and on 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)-induced contractions. 2.
      Acute withdrawal of, or reduction in, [K+]o produced relaxation of basal tone in
      isolated coronary arteries, whereas acute withdrawal (but not reduction) of
      [Mg2+]o produced contraction of these blood vessels. 3. The magnitude of coronary
      contraction obtained on withdrawal of [Mg2+]o was dependent upon the [K+]o; the
      higher the [K+]o, the greater the contraction. 4. The precise ratio of
      [K+]o/[Mg2+]o appeared to be important in dictating the degree of contraction
      (maximum response) and sensitivity (EC50) of canine coronary vascular smooth
      muscle cells to 5-HT. The EC50 to 5-HT was enhanced by increases in the
      [K+]o/[Mg2+]o ratio, whereas the ability of 5-HT to induce a maximal contraction
      was attenuated by decreases in the [K+]o; the latter being modulated by [Mg2+]o.
      Small changes in [Mg2+]o could effect large changes in the EC50 as [K+]o was
      lowered. 5. These actions took place over patho-physiological ranges of [K+]o and
      [Mg2+]o. 6. Maintenance of a constant [K+]o/[Mg2+]o ratio, irrespective of the
      exact [K+]o and [Mg2+]o, produced similar degrees of maximum tension. 7. Use of
      intact vascular ring preparations and helically-cut vascular strips produced
      similar results with varying [K+]o/[Mg2+]o. 8. A variety of pharmacological
      receptor antagonists (phentolamine, propranolol, atropine, diphenhydramine,
      cimetidine), as well as a prostaglandin cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, did not modify
      the altered contractile responses or basal tone evoked by varying [K+]o/[Mg2+]o
      ratios. 9. These results suggest: (1) that basal tone and contractility of canine
      coronary vascular smooth muscle cells appear to be exquisitely sensitive to
      alterations in extracellular K+ and Mg2+; and (2) 5-HT receptor-operated Ca2+
      channels, as well as those Ca2+ channels involved in generation of coronary
      arterial basal tone are modulated and controlled by the precise concentrations of
      [K+]o and [Mg2+]o.

PMID- 3395782
TI  - Positive inotropic effects induced by carbachol in rat atria treated with islet
      activating protein (IAP)--association with phosphatidylinositol breakdown.
AB  - 1. To elucidate the functional consequences of phosphatidyl inositol (PI)
      breakdown produced by activation of the muscarinic receptor of the atrial muscle,
      and to clarify the subtypes of the muscarinic receptor involved, the effects of
      muscarinic agonists and antagonists on mechanical function were studied in atria
      isolated from rats given intravenous islet-activating protein (IAP; 50 micrograms
      kg-1 body weight) 48-72 h before the experiments. 2. The negative chronotropic
      and inotropic actions of carbachol (CCh) were attenuated and positive inotropic
      effects (62.5 +/- 5.8% above basal level) were observed with 10(-5) -10(-3) M
      CCh. Oxotremorine did not produce positive inotropic effects even in doses as
      high as 3 x 10(-4) M High doses of carbachol produced positive chronotropic
      effects, although the effects were weak. 3. Propranolol (10(-7) M) did not modify
      the positive inotropic effect of carbachol observed in IAP-treated atria, nor was
      there any change in the tissue cyclic AMP levels after carbachol. 4. High doses
      (10(-5)-10(-3) M) of carbachol produced PI breakdown in the absence and presence
      of IAP. Oxotremorine (3 x 10(-4) M) did not produce PI breakdown. In the presence
      of oxotremorine, the positive inotropic effects and PI breakdown by carbachol
      were abolished. 5. The positive inotropic effect of carbachol was readily
      antagonized by atropine but pirenzepine and gallamine exhibited only weak
      antagonist effects. 6. These results suggest that a muscarinic agonist such as
      carbachol can produce a positive inotropic effect in IAP-treated atria, in
      association with PI breakdown, through activation of a muscarinic receptor which
      shows some similarity to that previously identified in smooth muscles.

PMID- 3395783
TI  - Regional differences in the mechanical properties of rabbit airway smooth muscle.
AB  - 1. In studies of rabbit airway smooth muscle, differences in mechanical responses
      to acetylcholine, histamine and high K+ in intact muscles, and in Ca2+
      sensitivity in skinned muscles, have been examined in tissue taken from 5
      different regions of the airway. Interactions between prostaglandin F2 alpha and
      epithio-thromboxane A2 and the above spasmogenic agencies were also studied. 2.
      Mechanical responses to histamine (10 microM) and to 128 mM K+ were smallest in
      trachea and were largest in 3rd and 4th order bronchi. In all regions, spasm
      evoked by 10 microM acetylcholine was greater than that evoked by 10 microM
      histamine or 128 mM K+. 3. In the third and fourth branches of the rabbit right
      middle bronchus, contractions evoked by 10 microM acetylcholine, 10 microM
      histamine and 128 mM K+ showed similar amplitudes of phasic response. In Ca2+
      free solution containing 2 mM EGTA, the phasic components of the acetylcholine-
      or histamine-induced contraction remained unchanged in comparison with that
      observed in Krebs solution, but the phasic and tonic components of the K+-induced
      contraction and the tonic changes induced by acetylcholine and histamine were
      abolished. 4. Two subtypes of the histamine receptor, excitatory H1- and
      inhibitory H2- receptors were detected on the bronchial smooth muscle. The H1
      induced contraction was mediated by release of stored Ca2+ together with
      activation of Ca2+ influx relatively insensitive to Ca2+ antagonists. 5. The 
      log(EC50) values for acetylcholine and histamine (in the presence of cimetidine
      and atropine) were 6.11 +/- 0.11 and 5.33 +/- 0.08, respectively, in the third
      branch of right middle bronchus. These values were similar to those observed for
      trachea. 6. Prostaglandin F2. (10 microM) and 9,11-epithio-11,12-methano
      thromboxane A2 (0.1 microM) neither provoked nor enhanced the contractions evoked
      by any stimulants. 7. No difference was observed between the Ca2+ sensitivity of
      chemically skinned muscle from the trachea and that of muscle from the third
      branch of the right middle bronchus. 8. Regional differences in the response to
      histamine and acetylcholine observed in airway smooth muscles are discussed and
      it is concluded that these may be due to differences in receptor numbers.

PMID- 3395785
TI  - Effects of cadmium on the slow inward current of frog heart muscle in relation to
      a lowering of pH in external solution.
AB  - 1. The effect of cadmium (Cd) on the slow inward current (Isi) of frog atrial
      fibres was studied by the double sucrose gap technique. 2. Cd (5 microM)
      depressed Isi in a voltage-dependent manner without alteration of the apparent
      reversal potential for Isi. 3. Dose-response curves indicated an apparent
      dissociation constant for the Cd blocking effect of 4.5 microM at 0 mV, with a
      one to one relationship between Cd and the slow channel. 4. Increasing the
      external concentration of Ca ions ([Ca]0) in the tetrodotoxin (TTX)-containing
      Ringer solution antagonized the block of Isi by Cd. Double reciprocal plots for
      Isi versus [Ca]0 drawn in the presence or in the absence of Cd intersected at the
      ordinate, indicating that Cd competes with Ca for a common binding site. 5.
      Lowering the external pH from 7.3 to 6.3 depressed Isi. The block caused by H was
      voltage-dependent. Double reciprocal plots for Isi versus [Ca]0 drawn at pH 7.3
      and 6.3 intersected at the abscissa, and indicated that H and Ca did not compete
      for a common site. 6. Lowering the external pH did not change the ability of Cd
      to inhibit Isi. 7. The data suggested the existence of two different sites within
      the slow channel in frog atrial fibres, one of them being H-sensitive and the
      other cadmium-sensitive.

PMID- 3395784
TI  - Heterogeneous vasomotor responses of anatomically distinct feline cerebral
      arteries.
AB  - 1. The vasomotor reactivity to a number of neurotransmitters and blood-borne
      substances was evaluated in several anatomically distinct arteries of the cat
      cerebral circulation. Few regional differences were observed in their
      vasoconstrictor responses to noradrenaline, dopamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine and
      prostaglandin F2 alpha. Only the anterior cerebral artery reacted strongly to all
      vasoconstrictor agents. 2. Adenosine, acetylcholine and histamine induced
      pronounced relaxation in the vast majority of the major cerebral arteries. The
      relaxation elicited by adenosine showed a slight degree of heterogeneity between
      the arteries and the overall response accounted for 81 +/- 6% of the
      pharmacologically-induced tone. On the other hand, the dilatation induced by
      acetylcholine and histamine varied as a function of the anatomical localization
      of the cerebral arteries. The acetylcholine-induced vasodilatation was
      significantly more pronounced in the middle cerebral, anterior communicating and
      anterior cerebellar arteries, with respective responses of 72, 66 and 83% of the
      induced tone as compared to 43% in the other vessels. However, all arteries were
      equally sensitive to acetylcholine with an overall mean pD2 value of 7.47 +/-
      0.06. The most heterogeneous results were obtained with histamine and applied
      both to the magnitude of the maximal response and the sensitivity of the various
      arteries to this amine. The intensity of the relaxation varied from 20% (anterior
      communicating artery) to 118% (posterior cerebellar artery). 3. Among the
      neuropeptides studied, substance P and bradykinin were considerably less potent
      than vasoactive intestinal peptide on all the cerebral arteries. The least
      responsive vessel to bradykinin was the anterior cerebral artery with a maximal
      response of 22 +/- 5% of the induced-tone and a pD2 value of 7.56 +/- 0.24. All
      vessels responded weakly to substance P and those from the vertebrobasilar
      circulation were significantly less sensitive to this neuropeptide with pD2
      values around 8.07 as compared to 9.82 in the more rostral arteries. Although all
      vessels were equally sensitive to vasoactive intestinal peptide, the dilator
      responses were significantly less pronounced in the middle cerebral and basilar
      arteries (maximal response of 86 +/- 5% and 69 +/- 6% of the induced-tone,
      respectively, as compared to 110 +/- 9% in the other vessels). 4. The
      vertebrobasilar arteries were as reactive, if not more reactive, to
      vasoconstrictors than the vessels originating from the carotid circulation. In
      contrast, the dilator responses were less marked in most caudal arteries. Such
      dichotomies may be important in the regulation of local cerebral blood flow. 5.
      The results emphasize the considerable heterogeneity in the vasomotor responses
      to a given substance among the various cerebral arteries. Further, they suggest
      the presence of multiple receptor populations which mediate opposite effects and
      which are distributed in different proportions among the cephalic arteries.

PMID- 3395786
TI  - Evidence for excitatory 5-HT2-receptors on rat brainstem neurones.
AB  - 1. The technique of microiontophoresis was used to investigate the identity of
      the receptor mediating the excitatory effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) upon
      neurones in the midline of the medullary brainstem of the rat in vivo. 2. The 5
      HT1-like receptor agonists 5-carboxamidotryptamine (5-CT) and 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n
      propylamino) tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) failed to excite the majority of neurones
      excited by 5-HT. The mobilities of 5-CT and 8-OH-DPAT when tested in vitro were
      found not to differ significantly from that of 5-HT, suggesting that the lack of
      effect of these agonists was not due to a lower rate of release from the
      microelectrodes. 3. The excitatory responses to 5-HT were attenuated by the 5-HT
      2-receptor antagonists ketanserin and methysergide when applied
      microiontophoretically or administered intravenously (0.3 and 1 mg kg-1
      respectively). Excitatory responses to glutamate and noradrenaline were not
      reduced. 4. The 5-HT3-receptor antagonist MDL 72222 failed to attenuate
      selectively the excitatory response to 5-HT when applied either by
      microiontophoresis or administered intravenously (1 mg kg-1). 5.
      Microiontophoretic application of the alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonist prazosin
      did not attenuate excitatory responses to either 5-HT or noradrenaline.
      Intravenously administered prazosin (0.8 mg kg-1) also failed to attenuate
      excitatory responses to 5-HT, but did block excitatory responses to
      noradrenaline. 6. These results suggest that 5-HT2-receptors, but not 5-HT1-like
      receptors, 5-HT3-receptors or alpha 1-adrenoceptors, are involved in the
      excitatory response of midline medullary neurones to 5-HT.

PMID- 3395787
TI  - Evidence for depressant 5-HT1-like receptors on rat brainstem neurones.
AB  - 1. The technique of microiontophoresis was used to evaluate the contribution of 5
      HT1-like, 5-HT2- and 5-HT3-receptors to the depressant effects of 5
      hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) on neurones in the midline of the medullary brainstem of
      the rat in vivo. 2. Depressant responses to 5-HT were resistant to antagonism by
      the 5-HT2-receptor antagonist ketanserin and the 5-HT3-receptor antagonist MDL
      72222 applied either microiontophoretically or administered systemically. 3.
      Microiontophoretic or systemic administration of the 5-HT antagonist metergoline,
      which shows nanomolar affinity for the 5-HT1-binding site, also failed to
      attenuate the depressant responses to 5-HT. 4. Systemic administration of high
      doses of methysergide (30-40 mg kg-1) attenuated the depressant responses to 5-HT
      but did not block depressant responses to GABA or excitatory responses to
      glutamate. 5. The depressant effects of 5-HT were potently mimicked by the 5-HT1
      like receptor agonists 5-carboxamidotryptamine and 8-OH-DPAT. 6. These results
      indicate that neither 5-HT2-receptors nor 5-HT3-receptors are involved in the
      depressant effects of 5-HT on midline brainstem neurones. The depressant effects
      of 5-carboxamidotryptamine (5-CT) and 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino) tetralin (8
      OH-DPAT) and blockade of the response to 5-HT by high doses of methysergide
      suggests the involvement of 5-HT1-like receptors. The lack of effect of
      metergoline, however, indicates that this receptor may be different from any of
      the 5-HT1 binding sites yet described.

PMID- 3395788
TI  - Effects of halothane on membrane currents associated with contraction in single
      myocytes isolated from guinea-pig ventricle.
AB  - 1. The effects of halothane on electrical activity and contraction were
      investigated in single myocytes isolated from guinea-pig ventricle. 2. Halothane
      depressed the plateau and shortened the duration of action potentials. 3.
      Halothane also reduced the amplitude of inward calcium currents and of additional
      inward current activated by cytosolic calcium under voltage-clamp conditions. 4.
      Contractions (measured by an optical technique) accompanying either action
      potentials or calcium currents were reduced by halothane. However, the extent of
      attenuation of contraction was greater than when a similar level of calcium
      channel blockade was induced by application of verapamil. 5. Actions of halothane
      on calcium-activated tail currents in double-pulse experiments were consistent
      with reduction by halothane of the cytosolic calcium transient, perhaps as a
      consequence of reduced uptake of calcium into sarcoplasmic reticulum stores. 6.
      It is concluded that the actions of halothane on inward currents contribute to
      its effects on action potentials. The reduction in contraction caused by
      halothane may result partly from a reduced influx of calcium to trigger
      contraction, and partly by a reduced release of calcium from sarcoplasmic
      reticulum stores.

PMID- 3395789
TI  - Influence of halothane on electrical coupling in cell pairs isolated from guinea
      pig ventricle.
AB  - 1. The actions of halothane on electrical coupling between cells were
      investigated in cell pairs isolated from guinea-pig ventricular muscle. 2. Under
      voltage-clamp conditions a step depolarization applied to one cell caused a
      similar change in potential in the second. Application of halothane led to the
      appearance of double peaks in inward current evoked by step depolarizations.
      These observations were interpreted in terms of uncoupling of the cells leading
      to escape of the second cell from the influence of the voltage-clamp in the first
      cell. 3. This suggestion that uncoupling in the presence of halothane led to
      differences in electrical activity in the two cells was confirmed in experiments
      in which independent electrodes were used to measure membrane potential in the
      two cells. 4. The voltage responses of both cells of the pair were recorded in
      response to constant current pulses. Administration of halothane led to abolition
      of the response recorded from the second cell while that of the first was
      enhanced. The actions are consistent with an action of halothane on gap junctions
      to block electrical coupling. 5. Qualitatively similar observations, consistent
      with electrical uncoupling, were observed with isoflurane. 6. These findings may
      be significant in relation to the arrhythmogenic actions of halothane.

PMID- 3395790
TI  - Vagal mechanisms and the effect of indomethacin on bronchoconstrictor stimuli in
      the guinea-pig.
AB  - 1. In urethane-anaesthetized guinea-pigs, under spontaneous respiration,
      indomethacin (1 mg kg-1 i.v., 10-45 min) approximately doubled the
      bronchoconstrictor effect (increase in airways resistance, R(aw)) of
      equieffective doses of histamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), but not that of
      acetylcholine or leukotriene D4 (LTD4). 2. In mechanically ventilated guinea-pigs
      indomethacin increased R(aw) responses to histamine as well as increasing the
      fall in dynamic compliance (Cdyn) evoked by this agent. 3. Cooling the cervical
      vagi, to temperatures shown to block efferent and probably afferent pathways
      (approximately 9 degrees C), abolished the effect of indomethacin on airways
      responses. Inhibition of indomethacin-induced hyperreactivity was also observed
      after vagal section. 4. Electrical stimulation of the peripheral vagus (1-20 Hz,
      0.75-5 ms pulses) increased R(aw) and decreased Cdyn but these responses were not
      markedly altered by indomethacin. 5. It was concluded that the indomethacin
      induced hyperreactivity of tracheal smooth muscle, which was demonstrated in
      vitro, may not account for the airways hyperreactivity observed in the present in
      vivo experiments. The hyperreactivity to histamine induced by indomethacin in
      vivo depends on the functional integrity of vagal reflex pathways.

PMID- 3395791
TI  - Selective inhibition of arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase by novel acetohydroxamic
      acids: effects on bronchial anaphylaxis in anaesthetized guinea-pigs.
AB  - 1. The effect of a novel series of orally-active acetohydroxamic acid inhibitors
      of arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase on 'leukotriene-dependent' anaphylactic
      bronchoconstriction has been investigated in anaesthetized, pump-ventilated
      guinea-pigs actively sensitized to ovalbumin (OA). In a complementary series of
      experiments, the pharmacokinetics of these compounds in the plasma compartment
      following oral administration to guinea-pigs has also been investigated. 2. In
      animals pretreated with mepyramine (2 mg kg-1, i.v.) and indomethacin (10 mg kg
      1, i.v.) and challenged with antigen aerosol (OA 10 mg ml-1; 5 s) compounds BW
      A4C, BW A137C and BW A797C (10-200 mg kg-1, p.o., 1 h pre-challenge) markedly
      reduced that component of anaphylactic bronchoconstriction shown to be
      'leukotriene-dependent'. 3. The maximum degree of inhibition (up to 75%) of
      'leukotriene-dependent' anaphylactic bronchoconstriction by these three compounds
      was equivalent to that seen with the leukotriene antagonist FPL 55712 (10 mg kg
      1, i.v.). 4. The peak levels of unchanged acetohydroxamic acids in the plasma
      compartment occurred 0.5 h after their oral administration and were as follows:
      BW A4C: 11.3 +/- 3.9; BW A137C: 7.6 +/- 2.4; BW A797C: 3.9 +/- 1.3 micrograms ml
      1 plasma. 5. The inhibition by BW A4C and BW A137C (50 mg kg-1, p.o.) of
      'leukotriene-dependent' anaphylactic bronchospasm persisted for up to 3 and 4 h
      respectively but did not extend to 6 h. The decline in inhibitory activity
      paralleled the fall in the concentration of unchanged drug in the plasma
      compartment over this time period. 6. The results of the present study are
      consistent with BW A4C, BW A137C and BW A797C attenuating 'leukotriene-dependent'
      bronchial anaphylaxis in anaesthetized guinea-pigs by selective inhibition of
      arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase.

PMID- 3395793
TI  - Associations between phenomenal and objective aspects of concentration problems
      in depressed patients.
AB  - The paper explores a distinction between different kinds of lapse of
      concentration in depressed patients. The strategy is to begin with the
      phenomenological distinction between the mind (a) 'wandering' on to something
      else or (b) going 'blank'. Blanking, but not mind-wandering, is associated with
      longer planning times on the 'Tower of London' task. In contrast, mind-wandering
      but not blanking, is associated with poor memory for prose, at least under
      ordinary processing conditions. Different phenomenal forms of concentration
      problem thus have different task performance correlates. A tentative formulation
      is offered in terms of Shallice's model of the regulation of attention. Mind
      wandering is seen as a problem of 'contention scheduling', and blanking as the
      result of generalized inhibition by the Supervisory Attentional System. It is
      evident that not all performance deficits in depression can be attributed to the
      cognitive capacity taken up by competing thoughts.

PMID- 3395792
TI  - Effects of neostigmine and physostigmine on the acetylcholine receptor-ionophore
      complex in frog isolated sympathetic neurones.
AB  - 1. The effects of neostigmine and physostigmine, reversible carbamate
      acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-inhibitors, on nicotinic acetylcholine-induced inward
      currents (IACh) were investigated in enzymatically isolated single sympathetic
      ganglion cells from the bullfrog. The 'concentration clamp' technique which
      combines intracellular perfusion with a rapid external solution change under
      single electrode voltage-clamp conditions was used. 2. Pretreatment with
      neostigmine and physostigmine did not enhance IACh at any concentrations,
      suggesting that AChE activity had already disappeared during the enzymatic
      treatment of the preparation. 3. Both neostigmine and physostigmine inhibited
      IACh in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 values of 7.0 x 10(-4) M and 1.1 x 10(
      4) M, respectively. The blockade by neostigmine was competitive, while that by
      physostigmine was non-competitive. 4. The inhibition of IACh by neostigmine and
      physostigmine showed no apparent voltage dependency. 5. Neostigmine did not cause
      obvious changes of the kinetics of IACh. However, physostigmine reduced both the
      fast and slow time constants of inactivation of IACh, thus facilitating the rate
      of inactivation without affecting the activation kinetics of IACh. 6. These
      results suggest that neostigmine and physostigmine have different direct actions
      on the ACh receptor-ionophore complex. Neostigmine may act on the ACh-receptor
      (the binding site of ACh) while physostigmine may interact with the ACh-gated
      cation channels.

PMID- 3395794
TI  - Reduction of the urinary risk factors of urolithiasis with magnesium and tartrate
      mixture: a new treatment.
AB  - Magnesium and tartrate each reduce calcium oxalate crystal formation in urine.
      Since the effects are additive, a palatable mixture of magnesium and tartrate
      salts was devised and fed to 6 healthy volunteers. There were no side effects.
      There was a moderate fall in urinary calcium, moderate rises in urinary
      magnesium, tartrate and citrate, and no change in urinary oxalate. Hence there
      are good grounds for supposing that this mixture could be used to prevent urinary
      stone recurrence.

PMID- 3395795
TI  - The diagnosis of hypercalciuria in children.
AB  - Calcium loading tests were performed in 21 children with hypercalciuria,
      haematuria and/or nephrolithiasis and 10 control subjects. Comparisons of 24-h
      calcium excretion before and after loading were evaluated rather than fasting
      urinary calcium to urinary creatinine ratio. The differences in calcium excretion
      before and after loading clearly distinguished absorptive from renal
      hypercalciuria. A difference higher than 0.035 mmol/kg indicated absorptive
      hypercalciuria in 6 of 21 patients, whereas in the remaining 15 much lower
      differences indicated renal hypercalciuria. Resorptive hypercalciuria caused by
      low serum values of 25-hydroxyvitamin D was considered in 6 of the 15 patients
      with renal hypercalciuria. These patients had low values of phosphate
      reabsorption (TmP/GFR) and could be clearly separated by high values of calcium
      reabsorption (TmCa/GFR), in contrast to patients with renal hypercalciuria who
      had normal values of TmP/GFR and low values of TmCa/GFR. The correct treatment
      and prevention of nephrolithiasis caused by hypercalciuria in children should be
      based on accurate diagnosis; this can be achieved by using the calcium loading
      test described in this report.

PMID- 3395796
TI  - Renal acidification defects in medullary sponge kidney.
AB  - Thirteen patients with medullary sponge kidney underwent a short ammonium
      chloride loading test to investigate their renal acidification capacity. All but
      1 presented with a history of recurrent renal calculi and showed bilateral
      widespread renal medullary calcification on X-ray examination. Nine patients had
      some form of renal acidification defect; 8 had the distal type of renal tubular
      acidosis, 2 the complete and 6 the incomplete form. One patient had proximal
      renal tubular acidosis. These findings, which suggest that renal acidification
      defects play an important role in the pathogenesis of renal calculi in medullary
      sponge kidney, have considerable therapeutic implications.

PMID- 3395798
TI  - Venous bypass for surgical resection of renal carcinoma invading the vena cava: a
      new approach.
AB  - A new technique is described which facilitates the surgical removal of renal
      carcinoma from the inferior vena cava. The use of cardiopulmonary bypass with or
      without cardiac arrest has been advocated but with this procedure only the
      inferior vena cava is bypassed, using femoral and right atrial cannulation,
      assisted by a closed system electromagnetic centrifugal pump. In appropriate
      cases this less complex technique allows prolonged access to the inferior vena
      cava whilst providing equal protection from pulmonary embolisation and tumour
      dissemination; it also reduces morbidity, operating time, difficulty and cost
      when compared with cardiopulmonary bypass.

PMID- 3395797
TI  - Recurrent and residual renal calculi in children.
AB  - One hundred and thirteen children with non-metabolic urinary tract calculi were
      operated on between 1960 and 1983. One hundred were followed up for 3 to 17 years
      (mean 8.2). Seventeen children (15%) developed recurrent calculi after complete
      clearance at the initial operation and in 13 of these the stones recurred within
      5 years. Proteus urinary infection was a constant feature of stone recurrence.
      Five patients required re-operation for removal of the recurrent calculus. Small
      residual caliceal fragments were left behind in 17 children but only 3 required
      surgical removal.

PMID- 3395799
TI  - Vesicopyelostomy in the treatment of pelvic kidneys with pelviureteric junction
      obstruction: long-term follow-up.
AB  - The surgical management of 6 male patients with pelvic kidneys with pelviureteric
      junction obstruction is discussed. Two patients presented in advanced renal
      failure and 1 had peritonitis and septicaemia due to rupture of the renal pelvis.
      Vesicopyelostomy was preferred to pyeloplasty in 5 patients because of adhesions,
      multiple aberrant vessels, multiple stones, malrotation and the low pelvic
      position, but pyeloplasty was done in 1 case. Though vesicoureteric reflux was
      observed during voiding cystourethrography in all patients, no deleterious effect
      on the kidney was seen during the 3- to 5-year follow-up period.

PMID- 3395800
TI  - The dilated urinary tract in children. Prospective analysis with correlation of
      radiological, isotope, pressure perfusion and surgical findings.
AB  - Moderate and even severe dilatation of the urinary tract in the absence of
      vesicoureteric reflux may remain stable or show spontaneous resolution. Two such
      cases are described. Twenty-five children with dilated urinary systems were
      studied to correlate the radiological, isotope, pressure perfusion and surgical
      findings. A positive Whitaker test correlated well with the surgical findings and
      post-operative improvement in renal function in all patients with pelviureteric
      junction (PUJ) and vesicoureteric junction (VUJ) obstruction. High flow rates of
      8.6 and 12 ml are required even in neonates and infants in order to demonstrate
      obstruction by Whitaker testing.

PMID- 3395801
TI  - The problems of substitution cystoplasty.
AB  - Substitution cystoplasty was performed in 157 patients aged 4 to 71 years; 62%
      suffered no post-operative complication. The commonest complication was sphincter
      weakness incontinence, found in 18%, mainly in patients having a cystoplasty for
      interstitial cystitis; it was rare for the patient to complain of this
      incontinence. Ten per cent suffered incontinence due to colonic overactivity and
      this occurred in patients with neuropathic sphincter-weakness incontinence or an
      artificial sphincter; all of these patients complained of their incontinence.
      This was corrected by "patching" in all cases. Voiding difficulties requiring
      clean intermittent self-catheterisation occurred in 15%. More worrying was the
      universal finding, when looked for by blood gas analysis, of a metabolic acidosis
      with respiratory compensation. It was concluded that in the absence of
      neuropathy, sphincter weakness or an artificial sphincter, an unmodified
      ileocaecal segment substitution cystoplasty is adequate; in the presence of
      neuropathy, sphincter weakness or an artificial sphincter, a "pouch" type of
      substitution cystoplasty should be performed. All patients should have blood gas
      analyses from time to time as part of their routine post-operative follow-up.

PMID- 3395802
TI  - Pelvic rhabdomyosarcoma in children.
AB  - Twenty children with pelvic rhabdomyosarcoma treated between 1976 and 1983 are
      reviewed. The survival rate was 55% (11/20), with a bladder salvage rate of 54.5%
      among survivors. Systemic chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy and/or surgery
      was most effective in producing cure.

PMID- 3395803
TI  - Ketoconazole as primary treatment of prostatic cancer.
AB  - Ketoconazole 400 mg 8-hourly was used as primary hormonal treatment in 12
      patients with advanced prostatic carcinoma. Four patients were withdrawn because
      of side effects and 1 died. The 7 patients who tolerated the drug had a reduction
      in testosterone and adrenal androgens. Six patients were fully evaluable. There
      was one partial response with complete remission of symptoms. Two patients
      enjoyed a subjective response and 3 showed no response. Ketoconazole had an
      effective biochemical action but the side effects seen in this study severely
      limit its usefulness. Ketoconazole has now been withdrawn as a treatment for
      prostatic cancer. However, less toxic derivatives might prove a useful addition
      to the drugs available to treat this condition.

PMID- 3395804
TI  - Cranial nerve dysfunction in metastatic cancer of the prostate.
AB  - We report 11 patients with cranial nerve dysfunction due to bone metastases from
      advanced prostatic cancer. Diplopia, speech disturbances, tongue deviation and
      headache were the typical clinical symptoms. X-ray and/or computed tomography of
      the base of the skull demonstrated bone destruction (and the surrounding soft
      tissue tumour) in 8 cases. In 1 patient the bone destruction was visualised only
      by bone scan. In 2 cases no bone destruction could be demonstrated in spite of
      the clinical findings. In 9 of the 10 evaluable patients the clinical symptoms
      improved after high voltage radiotherapy and high dose corticosteroid treatment.
      Cranial nerve dysfunction is a late complication of hormone-resistant prostatic
      cancer. The symptoms are usually due to bone destruction at the base of the
      skull. Radiotherapy combined with corticosteroid treatment is an excellent
      palliative measure if started immediately after the onset of symptoms.

PMID- 3395805
TI  - Neurophysiological investigations in potent and impotent men. Assessment of
      bulbocavernosus reflex latencies and somatosensory evoked potentials.
AB  - A multidisciplinary investigation was carried out on 130 patients with erectile
      dysfunction. The bulbocavernosus reflex (BCR) latency times were evaluated in all
      patients and in 116 the somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP) were also
      assessed. BCR latency times were examined in 39 potent control patients and the
      SSEP were measured in 30 members of this group. There were no abnormal findings
      in the control group. Of the 130 patients with erectile dysfunction, 65 had
      anomalies in the BCR measurements and 36 of 116 patients had abnormal SSEP
      findings. When compared with the control group, 76 of 130 patients with erectile
      disorders (66%) had irregularities in BCR latency times and/or SSEP. As a result
      of these findings, lesions of the somatic penile innervation are considered to be
      one of the many causes of erectile dysfunction.

PMID- 3395806
TI  - Preventable post-prostatectomy penile pain.

PMID- 3395807
TI  - Polyorchidism.

PMID- 3395808
TI  - Formation of heterotopic bone tissue following operation on the renal pelvis.

PMID- 3395809
TI  - Squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder associated with intrapelvic foreign
      bodies.

PMID- 3395810
TI  - Long ureteric polyp.

PMID- 3395811
TI  - Intrarenal reflux.

PMID- 3395812
TI  - Extracorporeal lithotripsy for gallstones.

PMID- 3395813
TI  - Hepatic trauma: risk factors influencing outcome.
AB  - This retrospective study analyses the fate and associated risk factors of 99
      patients who underwent laparotomy for hepatic trauma from 1977 to 1986. Blunt
      trauma (88 patients) and stab wounds (7 patients) had mortality rates of 36 and
      14 per cent respectively. The overall death rate was 35 per cent. Multiple trauma
      patients had a significantly higher mortality for each additional system that was
      seriously injured. Pre-operative shock raised the mortality from 20 to 58 per
      cent (P less than 0.001). For patients over 50 years of age, the mortality rate
      increased from 30 (younger patients) to 63 per cent (P = 0.028). Minor hepatic
      wounds required relatively simple surgical measures in 60 patients, yet 13 died
      (22 per cent) of other causes. More sophisticated surgical management was applied
      to 27 major hepatic lesions, with 10 deaths (37 per cent). Twelve patients (seven
      with minor and five with major hepatic wounds) died before surgical treatment of
      the liver injury could be undertaken. The overall mortality rate of major hepatic
      wounds was 47 per cent and for minor wounds 30 per cent. However, the difference
      was not significant (P = 0.152). Resection was resorted to in 15 patients, 5 of
      whom subsequently died (33 per cent). Classical hepatic lobectomy led to 4 deaths
      (50 per cent). Among the 35 deaths, 6 were due to the hepatic trauma itself (5
      exsanguinations and 1 intra-abdominal sepsis). Isolated hepatic injury was fatal
      in three patients. We believe that conservative surgical measures should be used
      whenever possible in patients with hepatic trauma, especially when risk factors
      are encountered.

PMID- 3395814
TI  - Tumour calcification following repeated hepatic de-arterialization in patients: a
      preliminary communication.
AB  - A novel method of repeated hepatic de-arterialization is presented. A vascular
      occluder is placed around the hepatic artery and connected to an injection port.
      The hepatic artery can thereafter be occluded repeatedly. Patients with
      irresectable liver metastases from colorectal cancers were treated with
      occlusions of the hepatic artery for 1 h twice daily, in combination with
      intraperitoneal cyclic administration of 5-fluorouracil. The first three patients
      treated are presented. They all exhibited massive tumour calcifications in the
      liver reflecting tumour necrosis and resorption. This therapeutic principle must
      undergo further clinical trials.

PMID- 3395815
TI  - Pulmonary complications after subtotal oesophagectomy.
AB  - The postoperative pulmonary complications in 25 patients undergoing subtotal
      oesophagectomy for intrathoracic oesophageal carcinoma during the 3-year period
      1981-1983 were compared with those of 25 patients undergoing surgery from 1984 to
      1986. Although more extensive lymphadenectomies were performed from 1984, the
      mortality rate caused by the postoperative pulmonary complications was zero in
      the later period (1984-1986) compared with a rate of 16 per cent in the earlier
      period (1981-1983). The incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications was
      lower in the later series but the difference was not statistically significant.
      Factors which may have contributed to the decrease in critical pulmonary
      complications after surgery during the later period were the selection of the
      posterior mediastinal route for reconstruction, the introduction of selective
      endobronchial intubation by a double lumen tube with combined epidural
      anaesthesia, fluid restriction during and after surgery, postoperative
      mobilization and the administration of an expectorant.

PMID- 3395816
TI  - Carcinogenic potential of the noncancerous epithelium in patients with
      oesophageal cancer.
AB  - Detailed histopathological examination of serial blocks and subserial sections of
      the entire resected oesophagus in 63 patients operated upon for oesophageal
      cancer revealed 11 associated minute superficial cancers, independent and apart
      from the main tumours, in 10 patients (15.9 per cent). Only one of these eleven
      lesions was diagnosed preoperatively, and only three of the eleven lesions were
      detected macroscopically on the resected specimens. The high incidence of such
      coexisting independent lesions may indicate a possible increased multicentric
      carcinogenic potential in the non-cancerous epithelium of patients who have had
      an antecedent oesophageal cancer. These results emphasize the need for careful
      attention to the choice of margins during surgical resection of the oesophagus.

PMID- 3395817
TI  - Gastro-oesophageal reflux and intestinal malrotation in children.
AB  - In a series of 74 children undergoing Nissen fundoplication for persistent gastro
      oesophageal reflux unresponsive to intensive medical treatment, there was an
      unexpectedly high incidence (54 per cent, n = 40) of intestinal malrotation. The
      series was not homogeneous, 25 of the children having reflux as a complication of
      a serious congenital abnormality (48 per cent incidence of intestinal
      malrotation), and 49 presenting with 'idiopathic' reflux (57 per cent incidence
      of intestinal malrotation). Intestinal malrotation is best detected pre
      operatively by careful barium radiology, requiring clinicians to be aware of the
      association. In our experience, in children over the age of 3 months, both an
      antireflux operation and Ladd's procedure are often necessary to stop gastro
      oesophageal reflux when an intestinal malrotation is present.

PMID- 3395818
TI  - Implication of duodenogastric reflux in the pathogenesis of Barrett's oesophagus.
AB  - Fasting and postprandial intragastric bile acid concentrations have been
      estimated and compared in patients with complications of Barrett's oesophagus,
      patients with Barrett's oesophagus without complications, patients with
      oesophagitis and a group of normal subjects who acted as controls. There was no
      significant difference in fasting intragastric bile acid concentrations between
      the groups. Postprandial bile acid concentrations were significantly greater in
      the patients with complications of Barrett's than in the remaining groups at 60,
      90 and 120 min. Significant concentrations of bile acids were seen in gastric
      juice of unaltered pH and may be undetected on intra-oesophageal pH monitoring.
      Duodenogastric reflux may be implicated in the pathogenesis of complications of
      Barrett's oesophagus.

PMID- 3395819
TI  - Simple method of closing a para-ileostomy fistula.

PMID- 3395820
TI  - Mesenteric infarction: an analysis of 83 patients with prognostic studies in 44
      cases undergoing a massive small-bowel resection.
AB  - A series is presented of 83 patients surgically explored for massive bowel
      infarction. Old men with previous heart disease and symptoms of peripheral
      atherosclerosis were primarily affected. Clinical presenting features were
      abdominal pain (100 per cent), peritonitis (57 per cent), shock (34 per cent) and
      hypothermia (26 per cent). A third-space syndrome with metabolic acidosis and
      uraemia was the most common physiological derangement. Age was the only factor
      that appeared to have influenced the surgeon's decision to perform massive bowel
      resection (71 years in non-resected versus 64 years in resected patients, P less
      than 0.006). The overall mortality rate was 71 per cent. Forty-four patients
      underwent massive bowel resection (mean length of remaining small bowel 60 +/- 40
      cm) and twenty-four (54 per cent) survived the procedure. Axillary temperature
      was higher in survivors (36.7 degrees C versus 36.1 degrees C, P less than 0.03).
      Early postoperative total plasma protein and albumin concentrations were also
      higher in survivors (57 versus 46 g/l, P less than 0.005; 27 versus 22 g/l, P
      less than 0.02). Patients with previous symptoms of atherosclerotic disease and
      high pre-operative blood urea levels also had a bad prognosis. Survivors had a
      mean hospital stay of 57 days and parenteral nutrition had to be maintained for a
      mean of 34 days. The survival rate achieved with massive resection justifies this
      surgical approach in selected patients with massive bowel infarction.

PMID- 3395821
TI  - Plain abdominal radiographs and acute abdominal pain.
AB  - The records of all (5080) patients presenting to a district general hospital with
      acute abdominal pain over a 4-year period were examined. The contribution of
      abdominal radiographs to the assessment of patients with suspected appendicitis,
      urinary tract infection, and non-specific abdominal pain was evaluated, these
      conditions accounting for 48 per cent of patients with abdominal pain and 32 per
      cent of those with abdominal radiographs. Any positive information from these
      radiographs was less likely to be helpful than incidental or inconsistent (and
      hence potentially misleading). Because of this high 'false positive' rate it is
      suggested that if the initial diagnosis is suspected appendicitis, urinary tract
      infection, or non-specific abdominal pain, there is little value in the routine
      use of abdominal radiographs.

PMID- 3395822
TI  - Duodenal erosion complicating an implanted hepatic arterial access device.

PMID- 3395823
TI  - Tuberculous cervical abscess: comparing the results of total excision against
      simple incision and drainage.
AB  - In 40 patients with tuberculous cervical abscesses a prospective study was
      undertaken to determine the results of surgical treatment by either total
      excision or incision and drainage, together with 6 months of chemotherapy in both
      groups. While both procedures were well tolerated, the results showed that 17/22
      (77 per cent) of those having a simple drainage procedure required a second
      operation to excise the residual infected lymph glands because of persistent
      sinus discharge, recurrent abscesses or enlarging lymphadenopathy. In contrast,
      17/18 (94 per cent) of those having total excision as the primary procedure had
      no local ward problem afterwards. Most of the patients remained asymptomatic
      after completion of the chemotherapy but small painless lymph nodes might still
      be palpable during follow-up at 2 years.

PMID- 3395824
TI  - Percutaneous obliteration of a chronic duodenal fistula.

PMID- 3395825
TI  - Improvement of renal function in azotaemic hypertensive patients after surgical
      revascularization.
AB  - Between 1974 and 1986, 17 patients (16 men and 1 woman) with renal insufficiency
      (serum creatinine greater than 1.5 mg/dl, mean 3.75 mg/dl), with a mean age of
      51.3 years, underwent surgical renal revascularization. Two of them were on
      maintenance haemodialysis. All were severely hypertensive in spite of
      antihypertensive drugs. Atherosclerosis was the cause of renal stenosis in 14
      cases and fibromuscular dysplasia in 3. Operative procedures included splenorenal
      shunt (5), autotransplantation (3), aortorenal bypass (3), hepatorenal bypass
      (1), bilateral renal endarterectomy (1), renal ostial closure (1) and nephrectomy
      (3). Mean serum creatinine showed a decrease from 3.76 to 1.65 mg/dl (P less than
      0.005). Mean arterial pressure dropped from 161 mmHg to 103 mmHg (P less than
      0.001). Systolic and diastolic pressures also showed significant decreases. Two
      patients died. Four patients required a second operation and the renal function
      and blood pressure then improved. Renovascular disease must be ruled out in
      patients with renal insufficiency associated with hypertension, including those
      patients on haemodialysis. We conclude that renal revascularization surgery is a
      reliable and efficient form of treatment in selected cases of renal failure of
      renovascular origin.

PMID- 3395826
TI  - Separation of malignant cells during autotransfusion.

PMID- 3395828
TI  - Conservative management of perforated duodenal ulcer.

PMID- 3395827
TI  - Experience with percutaneous aspiration of amoebic liver abscesses.

PMID- 3395829
TI  - Bile acid concentrations in the refluxate of patients with reflux oesophagitis.
AB  - Although reflux of bile acids has been implicated in the pathogenesis of reflux
      oesophagitis, attempts to document this in vivo have failed to detect more than
      trace amounts of bile acid in the oesophagus. To determine the bile acid
      composition of oesophageal refluxate, 45 patients with abnormal acid gastro
      oesophageal reflux with oesophagitis and 10 controls had a size 14 Fr Salem sump
      tube positioned 5 cm above the lower oesophageal sphincter. Oesophageal contents
      were continuously aspirated and collected in aliquots every 2 h over 16 h.
      Fasting, postprandial, upright and supine (nocturnal) periods were assessed and
      total conjugated bile acids were measured by high pressure liquid chromatography
      with a sensitivity of 8 mumol/l. Conjugated bile acids were detected in 2 of 10
      controls (maximum 40 mumol/l) and in 39 of 45 patients (87 per cent). Eleven
      patients had peak conjugated bile acid levels greater than 200 mumol/l, and these
      levels occurred exclusively during the supine (nocturnal) period. Median
      conjugated bile acid levels during daytime reflux were less than 20 mumol/l which
      was significantly lower than during nocturnal reflux (median 51 mumol/l, P less
      than 0.001). Conjugated bile acids are detected in the oesophagus of most
      patients with oesophagitis and may play a role in the pathogenesis of
      oesophagitis in some patients with nocturnal gastro-oesophageal reflux.

PMID- 3395830
TI  - Surgical Research Society abstracts.

PMID- 3395831
TI  - Growth rate of tumours.

PMID- 3395832
TI  - Colorectal carcinoma.

PMID- 3395833
TI  - Oesophageal carcinoma: combined chemo- and radiotherapy.

PMID- 3395834
TI  - Recurrent ulceration after parietal cell vagotomy.

PMID- 3395835
TI  - Un-health promotion: results of a survey of alcohol promotion on television.
AB  - To estimate how widely and to whom alcoholic drinks are promoted 1258 television
      advertisements were studied over a 10 week period that included the Christmas and
      New Year holidays in 1986-7. A total of 156 advertisements (12%) promoted
      alcohol, and this percentage increased significantly over the holiday period to
      17%. These advertisements were longer than those advertising other products, and
      just over half (56%) occupied the first position in commercial breaks. During
      sports programmes and between the hours of 1800 and 1900 there was an increase in
      the number of advertisements for alcohol, but there was no difference before and
      after 2100. It was found that the extent and influence of the promotion of
      alcohol were great and that such advertising is seen by many children and
      adolescents.

PMID- 3395837
TI  - Retinal topography in reef teleosts. II. Some species with prominent horizontal
      streaks and high-density areae.
AB  - The retinal ganglion cell layer of five species of reef teleosts was studied from
      Nissl-stained whole-mounts and the distribution of neural elements determined
      quantitatively. Iso-density contour maps of neurons in the ganglion cell layer
      revealed a temporal area centralis (ranging from 3.5 to 8.3 x 10(4) cells/mm2)
      which often extended into a horizontal streak (ranging from 1.4 to 5.0 x 10(4)
      cells/mm2) across the retinal meridian. Species possessing a marked horizontal
      streak were found to inhabit open water and perceive their environment with an
      uninterrupted view of sand-water horizon. The behavioural significance of these
      horizontal areas of acute vision is also discussed.

PMID- 3395836
TI  - Retinal topography in reef teleosts. I. Some species with well-developed areae
      but poorly-developed streaks.
AB  - The retinal ganglion cell layer of five species of teleosts has been studied from
      Nissl-stained whole-mounts and the distribution of neuronal elements determined
      quantitatively. Isodensity contour maps of neurons in the ganglion cell layer
      revealed areas of high density (areae centrales) predominantly in the temporal
      retina, but other areae were also found in the nasal and dorso-nasal retina.
      Neuronal densities within the ganglion cell layer at the areae centrales ranged
      from 0.4 x 10(4) to 4.7 x 10(4) cells/mm2. Species that were found to lack a
      horizontal streak of high ganglion cell density appear to be those whose
      behaviour suggests they possess an interrupted view of the sand-water horizon and
      are 'enclosed' species. Concentric density contours around an area centralis seem
      to be associated with enclosed environments. The relationship between retinal
      topography and niche is also discussed.

PMID- 3395838
TI  - Prosencephalic asymmetries in Lemuridae.
AB  - This study was undertaken to determine if regional volumetric asymmetries are a
      function of sulcal complexity and/or brain size. A complete series of coronal
      sections of cerebra from six species of Lemuridae, a family of strepsirhines, was
      digitized. Regional volumes were integrated and indices of asymmetry were
      calculated. The most significant asymmetries were found in retrocalcarine cortex,
      suggesting that striate and extrastriate asymmetries emerged early in primate
      evolution. Results further indicated that the degree of regional volumetric
      asymmetries, as measured by our indices, does not vary with sulcal complexity
      and/or brain size.

PMID- 3395839
TI  - Primary connections of the anterior and posterior lateral line nerves in the
      oyster toadfish.
AB  - This study used anterograde transport of horseradish peroxidase to identify
      primary projections of the anterior and posterior lateral line nerves in the
      oyster toadfish, Opsanus tau. Both lateralis nerves project to the nucleus
      medialis and nucleus caudalis, which comprise a continuous lateralis cell column.
      Separation between nucleus medialis and nucleus caudalis is based on cell type
      and position. Unlike the primitive condition, the nuclei are not obviously
      separable on the basis of gross topography. The anterior lateral line nerve
      projects to the ventral area, and the posterior lateral line nerve projects to
      the dorsal area of the lateralis cell column. Anterior lateral line nerve
      projections to nucleus medialis terminate in a larger area than do projections
      from the posterior lateral line nerve, suggesting that more lateralis information
      enters from the head than from the trunk and tail. This speculation is reasonable
      considering the animal's large head and sedentary bottom existence. Both lateral
      line nerves project to the nucleus magnocellularis and the eminentia granularis,
      but only projections from the posterior lateral line nerve were seen in the
      granular layer of the cerebellum.

PMID- 3395840
TI  - The corpus callosum in nonhuman primates. Determinants of size.
AB  - The relationships between brain weight, sex and various callosal parameters
      including cross-sectional surface area and maximum splenial width in nonhuman
      primates are delineated. Overall, brain weight is a good predictor of
      quantitative aspects of the corpus callosum. However, both pongids and
      strepsirhines evince sex differences on certain callosal measures. No sex
      differences were found for either the ceboids or cercopithecoids. We speculate
      that one aspect of primate brain evolution has involved the modulation of
      interhemispheric connectivity along the lines of sex.

PMID- 3395841
TI  - Degeneration in the cochlear nerve of the rat following cochlear lesions.
AB  - Left unilateral cochlear lesions were performed on 26 albino rats at 1.5 months
      of age. After survival times ranging from 1 h to 6 months, the animals were
      perfused via the aorta with mixed aldehydes. Blocks including the cochlear nerves
      were removed, embedded in Araldite, sectioned in a plane transverse to the
      longitudinal axis of the nerve, and analyzed in the light microscope.
      Degenerating fiber profiles were grouped into 4 categories, and their relative
      frequencies were counted, as were numbers of normal fibers and glial cell nuclei.
      The cross-sectional areas of the nerves were measured. Lesion extent was
      evaluated by means of sections through operated cochleas from short and long
      survival times, and right cochlear nerves from 11 of the animals were used as
      controls. In the left nerves, segmental swelling of fibers occurred as early as
      16 h survival, followed by collapse of fibers and breakdown of myelin sheaths.
      Starting at 36 h survival, increased numbers of glial cells were seen in the
      nerve. At longer survival times there were decreases in the cross-sectional area
      of the nerve and in the packing density of degenerating fiber profiles. At the
      longest survival times, a substantial amount of debris remained which resembled
      that seen in early stages. Finally, there was evidence of continued loss of nerve
      fibers occurring over a period of weeks to months.

PMID- 3395842
TI  - Amygdala kindling effects on sleep and memory in rats.
AB  - Sleep disturbances accompany the development of amygdaloid-kindled seizures in
      cats. Some of these sleep deficits resemble those seen in aged rats; these latter
      changes in sleep patterns are correlated with memory impairments in the aged
      animals. In the present study, we examined the hypothesis that sleep deficits
      after kindling may be related to memory impairments. Rats were kindled for 4
      weeks (2-2.5 weeks after stage 5 seizures) and were then allowed a one week
      recovery period. Sleep patterns were assessed through-out the kindling and
      recovery periods. The animals were then trained on an inhibitory avoidance
      apparatus and tested for retention 24 h later. Only transient sleep changes
      occurred during the development of kindling (to stage 5 seizures). However,
      continued kindling resulted in significant reductions in several sleep measures
      which remained depressed for at least one week after the termination of the
      kindling trials. As a group, kindled rats were impaired in retention of the
      inhibitory avoidance learned response. In kindled animals, retention performance
      was significantly correlated with total paradoxical sleep, the ratio of
      paradoxical/total sleep, and paradoxical sleep, the ratio of paradoxical/total
      sleep, and paradoxical sleep bout duration. These correlations are consistent
      with the view that deficits in paradoxical sleep may be related to deficits in
      some forms of memory.

PMID- 3395843
TI  - Electrophysiological study of conditioning lesion effects on rat sciatic nerve
      regeneration following either prior section or freeze. II. Blocking by prior
      tenotomy.
AB  - The conditioning lesion effects refer to the earlier formation and the
      accelerated regeneration of axonal sprouts following two successive axotomies. In
      a previous study, we observed that a prior freeze or a prior cut of rat sciatic
      nerve resulted in differences in the enhancement of the regeneration rate and the
      reduction of the initial delay. These differences were interpreted as a possible
      non-neuronal cells influence on the intrinsic regulation of the conditioning
      lesion phenomenon. In the present study, we attempted to modify the status of the
      muscles using tenotomy before the prior nerve injury to determine the respective
      influence of the muscular cells on conditioning lesion effects. Thus, the
      conditioning lesion, which was either a cut or a freeze of the tibial nerve at
      the ankle, was performed 14 days after foot sole muscles were tenotomized, close
      to their insertion into the calcaneus bone. The test lesion was always a freeze
      of the sciatic nerve at midthigh performed 7 days following the prior lesion. The
      elongation of the regenerating sprouts was electrophysiologically evaluated and
      the regeneration rate as well as the initial delay were calculated by means of
      regression analysis. Tenotomy did not influence the regeneration as was
      demonstrated in a group with a single sciatic nerve lesion. In contrast, when
      prior lesion was performed, the tenotomy prevented both the enhancement of the
      rate of regeneration and the reduction of the initial delay, whatever was the
      type of the conditioning lesion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3395844
TI  - Discharges of bulbar respiratory neurons during rhythmic straining evoked by
      activation of pelvic afferent fibers in dogs.
AB  - Each cycle of rhythmic straining evoked through the reflex center in the Kolliker
      Fuse nucleus by stimulation of pelvic afferents in decerebrate dogs usually began
      in early expiration. During the rhythmic straining cycle, postinspiratory
      discharges of the phrenic nerve increased simultaneously with a burst of
      discharges of the nerves innervating the rectus abdominis and adductors of the
      glottis. While about half of the bulbar expiratory units discharged concurrently
      with the rhythmic straining, almost none of the inspiratory units examined did
      so. Nearly all expiratory bulbospinal units discharged concurrently, but none of
      the inspiratory bulbospinal units did so. These results show that expiratory
      neurons in the caudal bulb relay commands for rhythmic straining from the pontine
      reflex center to motor neurons of expiratory muscles, but that bulbar inspiratory
      neurons do not relay the commands to inspiratory motor neurons. Discharges
      concurrent with rhythmic straining were also evoked in all 4 postinspiratory
      units of the ventral group, 3 very early onset expiratory units and all 9
      inspiratory-expiratory units of the dorsal group. Possible roles played by these
      respiratory neurons in the organization of rhythmic straining were discussed.

PMID- 3395845
TI  - Use of colloidal gold complexes of wheat germ agglutinin as a label for neural
      cells.
AB  - We have made stable complexes between wheat germ agglutinin and either 5 or 10 nm
      particles of colloidal gold. These complexes were phagocytosed by neuronal and
      glial cells in embryonic rat hippocampal cultures and the incorporated gold gave
      intense, low-background staining in the light microscope either directly, for the
      most heavily labelled cells, or after intensification by physical development of
      silver. Cells were labelled in a punctate fashion over perikarya and processes.
      In the electron microscope, particles of gold were observed in lysosomal
      vesicles, frequently in an aggregated form. Gold complex incorporated into cells
      in culture was retained by those cells over periods up to 20 days. Embryonic
      hippocampal cells were labelled in suspension culture by incorporation of wheat
      germ agglutinin-gold complexes and transplanted into the brains of syngeneic
      adult host rats. Grafted neurons and glia were observed in the electron
      microscope to retain high levels of gold label over periods up to 30 days.
      Receipt of synaptic connections by transplanted neurones was observed. Complexes
      of wheat germ agglutinin with 10 nm gold particles were injected unilaterally
      into field CA3 of the hippocampus of adult rats. Specific retrograde transport of
      gold was observed in the light and electron microscopes to pyramidal and hilar
      neurones of the contralateral hippocampus and to neurones of the medial septal
      nucleus. Colloidal gold-wheat germ agglutinin complexes appear to be useful
      cellular markers that can be visualized at both light and electron microscope
      levels.

PMID- 3395846
TI  - Asymmetric uptake of 2-deoxy-D-[14C]glucose in the dorsal cochlear nucleus during
      Pavlovian conditioning in the rabbit.
AB  - Uptake of 2-deoxy-D-[14C]glucose was measured during Pavlovian conditioning of
      the rabbit's nictitating membrane response by both qualitative autoradiography
      and by quantitative measurement of radioactivity in samples of brain tissue.
      Conditioning was accomplished by pairing a tone stimulus delivered to both ears
      with an air-puff stimulus delivered to the right eye. Infusion of 2-deoxy-D
      [14C]glucose during the first day of conditioning when there was no evidence of
      acquisition or during the 7th day of conditioning when animals demonstrated 68%
      conditioned responses resulted in a significantly greater uptake of radioactivity
      by the caudal portions of the left as compared with the right dorsal cochlear
      nucleus. Similar changes were not observed in other auditory and non-auditory
      nuclei. Rabbits that had acquired conditioned responses across 6 days of training
      and were exposed only to the tone-conditioned stimulus on the 7th day of testing
      exhibited 69% conditioned responses but no asymmetry in the uptake of 2-deoxy-D
      [14C]glucose. Control animals receiving unpaired presentations of tone and air
      puff or no stimulation did not acquire conditioned responses and did not
      demonstrate asymmetric uptake of radioactivity in the dorsal cochlear nucleus.
      These results indicate that the asymmetric uptake of radioactivity by the dorsal
      cochlear nucleus did not result from the effects of stimulation per se or the
      prior occurrence of learning but was due to the explicit pairing of the tone
      stimulus with the asymmetric delivery of the air puff. It would appear that the
      caudal dorsal cochlear nucleus not only serves as a signal transducer for
      auditory stimuli but also receives inputs from other sensory systems thus
      allowing it to both recognize when an auditory stimulus is followed by a
      biologically significant event and to transmit such information to other brain
      regions that are, in turn, responsible for learning.

PMID- 3395847
TI  - Acetylcholine and choline in rat adrenals and brain cortex prisms incubated at
      elevated concentrations of choline in the medium.
AB  - Experiments were performed with rat adrenals and brain cortex prisms incubated in
      vitro in order to clarify whether it is possible to increase their acetylcholine
      (ACh) content by adding a high concentration of choline to the medium and whether
      the additional ACh formed can be released by subsequent depolarization. After 60
      min incubation with 0.5 mmol/l choline, the concentration of ACh in the adrenals
      was increased by 116% (compared to the incubation without added choline), while
      in cortical prisms the observed increase (by 37%) was statistically non
      significant. The content of ACh in both tissues was raised by paraoxon during
      incubations without added choline, but paraoxon did not augment the increased
      concentration of ACh in tissues incubated with added 0.5 mmol/l choline. The ACh
      that accumulated in the adrenals during 60 min preincubations with added choline
      could be released during subsequent depolarizing incubations; the release was
      Ca2+ independent. In contrast to brain cortex prisms and to the adrenals
      preincubated without choline, no resynthesis of ACh occurred during the period of
      depolarization in the adrenals preincubated with 0.5 mmol/l choline. Large
      amounts of choline accumulated in both tissues during incubations with 0.5 mmol/l
      choline and the accumulated choline could be released by depolarization; the
      release of choline from the adrenals was Ca2+ independent. Free choline was
      produced in the adrenals (presumably from choline esters) during the periods of
      depolarization. The reason for differences between the effects of increased
      concentrations of choline on ACh in the adrenals and in brain cortex is not
      known.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3395848
TI  - Central myelin in the first hybrid mice produced by intercrossing homozygotes of
      shiverer and myelin-deficient mutants.
AB  - The first hybrid mice ('shiverer*mld' mice) produced by intercrossing the
      homozygotes of the shiverer (BALB/c strain) and mld (MDB/Dt strain) were used for
      investigating the fine structure of the myelin lamellae, immunoreactive pattern
      for myelin basic proteins (MBP) and Golgi impregnated images of oligodendrocytes,
      with special reference to the influence of aging. All of the hybrid mice had an
      intermediate coat color between the white of the shiverer and black-brown of the
      mld, and revealed the same neurological symptoms, intention tremor, ataxic
      behavior, etc., as those of the shiverer and mld. The central myelin lamellae of
      the 'shiverer*mld' mouse exhibited the similar characteristics to the shiverer
      type rather than the mld type from the standpoint of the infrequent occurrence of
      major dense lines, although they did display a tendency to increase major dense
      lines with aging like the mld. Observation of the immunohistochemical
      preparations for MBP showed that immunopositive myelin sheaths were present in
      the white matter, although they were far more infrequent than those of the mld
      mutant, probably reflecting the amount of major dense lines. Thus, in the CNS of
      the 'shiverer*mld' mouse, the MBP-synthesis was possibly much more disturbed than
      in the mld mutant, or at least, revealed an intermediate pattern between the mld
      and shiverer.

PMID- 3395850
TI  - Hypothalamic substrates for brain stimulation-induced patterns of locomotion and
      escape jumps in the rat.
AB  - The hypothalamic response area for electrically induced locomotion was determined
      using moveable electrodes and discriminant analysis as an appropriate statistical
      technique. At 241 out of 641 stimulated sites locomotion was induced. The
      distribution of locomotion sites is relatively diffuse. Discriminant analysis of
      both positive and negative electrode localizations yields areas with high,
      intermediate or low probability of inducing the response. The response is
      considered to be mediated by fibres of the subpallido-pedunculopontine system,
      which includes the mesencephalic locomotor region. Different categories of
      exploratory and flight-directed locomotion were distinguished, and response areas
      for both categories were determined. In addition the response area for escape
      jumps was delimited. Exploratory locomotion is mainly induced from the lateral
      hypothalamus, while flight-directed locomotion and escape jumps are evoked from
      the medial hypothalamus. The response area for exploratory locomotion reflects
      the lateral hypothalamic distribution of the subpallidal projection to the
      mesencephalic locomotor region. A diffuse substrate for flight behavior seems to
      occupy almost the entire medial hypothalamus. It is concluded that a locomotor
      subroutine subserving different behavioural mechanisms can be activated at many
      hypothalamic sites.

PMID- 3395849
TI  - Comparative pyrogenic potency of endogenous prostanoids and of prostanoid
      mimetics injected into the anterior hypothalamic/preoptic region of the cat.
AB  - In both pyrogen-induced fever and fever subsequent to acute hypothalamic trauma,
      pyrexia is believed to be mediated by cyclooxygenase products acting within the
      anterior hypothalamic/preoptic (AH/PO) region of the brain. The goal of the
      present study was to assess, through a potency analysis, the likely contributions
      of various prostanoids to pyrexia production. Prostanoids and prostanoid-mimetics
      were injected bilaterally into the AH/PO region of conscious, indomethacin
      pretreated cats, and partial dose-response curves for pyrexic activity were
      obtained. ED1 degrees doses (doses producing a 1 degree C fever) for PGE2, PGE1
      and 6-keto-PGE1 (a metabolite of PGI2 and/or of the PGI2 hydrolysis product, 6
      keto-PGF1 alpha) ranged between 2 and 15 pmol. PGF2 alpha and the stable PGI2
      mimetics, iloprost and 6-beta-PGI1, required doses of 900-1100 pmol. PGD2 and 6
      keto-PGF1 alpha had ED1 degrees doses of 2200-2400 pmol. PGI2, thromboxane (TX)
      B2 and the TXA2/PGH2-mimetics, SQ26655, 9,11-azo-PGH2 and U46619, were incapable
      of producing a 1 degrees C rise at the maximum dose of 30,000 pmol. The results
      offer no support for an involvement in fever of PGF2 alpha, PGD2, TXA2, TXB2,
      PGH2, PGI2 or 6-keto-PGF1 alpha. Only the 3 E-series prostaglandins were
      sufficiently potent to merit serious consideration as mediators of pyrexia. Of
      these, only PGE2 is known to be produced in abundance by cat brain; no
      information is available regarding PGE1 production, and our results with PGI2 and
      6-keto-PGF1 alpha indicate that cat brain may not synthesize 6-keto-PGE1. The
      results thus suggest an important role for PGE2 in fever production in the cat
      and are compatible with an involvement of PGE1.

PMID- 3395851
TI  - Hypothalamic substrates for brain stimulation-induced attack, teeth-chattering
      and social grooming in the rat.
AB  - In this paper the boundaries of the hypothalamic response areas for brain
      stimulation-induced attack, social grooming and teeth-chattering were delimited.
      A total of 641 hypothalamic sites in 71 male CPW/WU Wistar rats were electrically
      stimulated. Positive sites for any behavioural response cluster into restricted
      hypothalamic areas. Discriminant analysis of both positive and negative electrode
      localizations yields areas with high, intermediate and low probabilities of
      inducing the behavioural response concerned. Each response has its own response
      area where probabilities are high. Neuroanatomical correlates of these response
      areas are discussed. The response area of attack is suggested to be an
      integrative processing area, stimulation of which overrules some aspects of
      integration and directly activates the behavioural program of attack. Although
      some authors consider all three responses to be part of the behavioural
      repertoire of aggression, the response areas are not identical. Social grooming
      and attack are considered to be induced from different neural systems. Similarly,
      attack and teeth-chattering have been shown to derive from different neural
      mechanisms, despite substantial overlap of both response areas. It is suggested
      that teeth-chattering derives from the simultaneous activation of both attack and
      flight tendencies. No further distinctions with respect to threshold current
      intensities can be made within responses areas. However, the underlying neural
      substrates are not homogeneous, for thresholds vary along the course of
      individual electrodes.

PMID- 3395852
TI  - Changes in the number and structure of dendritic spines 25 hours after passive
      avoidance training in the domestic chick, Gallus domesticus.
AB  - One-day-old chicks spontaneously peck at a shiny chrome bead. If the bead is
      coated with methylanthranilate, a bitter tasting substance (M-chicks), they peck
      once and avoid a similar bead subsequently. Control chicks peck, and continue
      pecking at a bead dipped in water (W-chicks). Twenty-five hours after this one
      trial passive avoidance training the brains were fixed and Golgi-impregnated. A
      class of large, multipolar, projection neurons from the intermediate medial
      hyperstriatum ventrale (IMHV) of both hemispheres from M- and W-chicks were
      examined for changes in their spine density and spine shape. An estimate of the
      true spine number was obtained using the correction formula of Feldman and
      Peters. M-chicks showed highly significant increases (P less than 0.0001) in
      spine density of between 89-113% in the left hemisphere, and 37-69% in the right,
      compared with W-chicks. There was a significant hemispheric asymmetry in W
      chicks: the right hemisphere had approximately 47% more spines per micron than
      the left, and this difference was abolished after training. Following passive
      avoidance training, significant increases in spine head diameter (by
      approximately 9%) and decreases in spine stem length (by approximately 17%), with
      no significant alterations in overall spine length, were observed in the left
      hemisphere. The mean dendrite lengths were not significantly changed after
      training, but an asymmetry of this measure in W-chicks (left greater than right)
      was present in dendrite orders 2 (P less than 0.01) and 3 (P less than 0.02).
      These results show that spine densities can increase rapidly (within 25 h)
      following a one-trial passive avoidance training task and that spine shape
      changes can be found on the same dendrites which also show changes in spine
      number. The data support the view that dendritic spines are involved in memory
      formation processes.

PMID- 3395853
TI  - Naloxone blocks the induction of long-term potentiation in the lateral but not in
      the medial perforant pathway in the anesthetized rat.
AB  - The possible importance of opioid peptides in the induction of long-term
      potentiation (LTP) was investigated in the perforant path-granule cell system. A
      high-frequency train (400 Hz) was delivered to the lateral or medial perforant
      path, during push-pull perfusion of the dentate molecular layer with artificial
      cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) alone, or with CSF containing naloxone (10(-4) M).
      Naloxone effectively blocked the induction, but not the maintenance of LTP in the
      lateral perforant path, a putative proenkephalin system. Naloxone did not affect
      the production of LTP in the medial pathway. These findings suggest that
      activation of naloxone-sensitive receptors is necessary for the full expression
      of LTP in the lateral perforant pathway.

PMID- 3395854
TI  - Peripheral input to L4 neurons whose activity is modulated by neck rotation.
AB  - We studied, in decerebrate cats, peripheral input from the ipsilateral hindlimb
      to L4 neurons whose activity was modulated by neck rotation ('neck-modulated
      neurons'). Most neurons received convergent input from muscle, cutaneous and
      mixed nerves. In about half the neurons muscle input consisted of short-latency
      group I or group II excitation or inhibition, with group II effects far more
      frequent. Such synaptic actions were produced almost entirely by stimulation of
      quadriceps or sartorius. In the other neurons muscle afferents produced only
      late, diffuse excitation or inhibition, with thresholds usually in the group III
      range.

PMID- 3395855
TI  - Change in the distribution of acetylcholinesterase molecular forms in
      frontoparietal cortex of the rat following nucleus basalis lesions with kainic
      acid.
AB  - The unilateral injection of kainic acid into the nucleus basalis magnocellularis
      (NBM) resulted in an alteration of the distribution of acetylcholinesterase
      (AChE) molecular forms in frontoparietal cortex ipsilaterally to the lesion. The
      G4/G1 ratio fell from 5.4 +/- 0.8 in contralateral to 3.0 +/- 0.5 in ipsilateral
      cortex. The NBM lesion effect thus, mimicks, the loss of tetrameric G4 form
      reported for various brain cortical areas of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients.
      The data support the suggestion that G4 form is enriched in presynaptic nerve
      terminals.

PMID- 3395856
TI  - Spreading depression is not associated with neuronal injury in the normal brain.
AB  - This study was performed in order to evaluate whether waves of spreading
      depression (SD) induces irreversible neuronal injury. SD was elicited by topical
      application of 3 M KCl to the exposed cortex for 4-5 h and the resulting change
      of the cortical electrical potential showing the occurrence of SD, was recorded
      by glass microelectrodes. Histological examination of cerebral cortex revealed no
      signs of neuronal injury outside the area of KCl application as examine after 4
      days recovery. The results indicate that recurrent waves of SD do not induce
      irreversible neuronal injury in the otherwise normal rat brain.

PMID- 3395857
TI  - Steroids induce hypothalamic progestin receptors and facilitate female sexual
      behavior in neonatal rats.
AB  - This report provides the first evidence that two activational actions of estrogen
      can occur within the first week of life in the rat. Priming 4-day-old rats with
      exogenous estradiol benzoate facilitates lordosis and ear wiggling-like behavior,
      and induces cytosol progestin receptors in the medial basal hypothalamus and
      preoptic region (Hyp-PoA) 44 h later. Moreover, unprimed male infants show more
      intense lordosis and higher concentrations of cytosol progestin receptors in Hyp
      PoA than infant females. Neonatal castration of male infants decreases their
      concentration of cytosol progestin receptors in Hyp-PoA to the levels normally
      seen in infant females. In addition, priming 6-day-old infants with progesterone
      alone facilitates lordosis in male but not female infants. Together, these data
      demonstrate that in the male infant, endogenous steroids of testicular origin
      have activational as well as organizational actions.

PMID- 3395858
TI  - Effects of alpha-keto-delta-guanidinovaleric acid on inhibitory amino acid
      responses on mouse neurons in cell culture.
AB  - The experimentally proven convulsant alpha-keto-delta-guanidinovaleric acid
      (alpha-K-delta-GVA) was applied to mouse spinal cord neurons in primary
      dissociated cell culture to assess its effects on postsynaptic gamma-aminobutyric
      acid (GABA)- and glycine (GLY)-responses. Intracellular microelectrode recording
      techniques were used. alpha-K-delta-GVA reversibly inhibited both GABA- and GLY
      responses in a concentration-dependent manner. The effect of alpha-K-delta-GVA on
      GABA-responses was not antagonized by co-application of the benzodiazepine
      receptor antagonist CGS 9896. The results suggest that alpha-K-delta-GVA
      inhibited responses to the inhibitory neurotransmitters GABA and GLY by blocking
      the chloride channel. This action might underlie the convulsant effect of this
      compound in rabbit. The possible pathophysiological importance of alpha-K-delta
      GVA in hyperargininemic patients is discussed.

PMID- 3395859
TI  - Effect of ethanol on gamma-vinyl GABA-induced GABA accumulation in the substantia
      nigra and on synaptosomal GABA content in six rat brain regions.
AB  - Two recently developed methods for estimating changes in presynaptic gamma
      aminobutyric acid (GABA) homeostasis were used for the first time to evaluate the
      effects of acute and chronic ethanol treatments on GABA utilization. GABA
      accumulation in the left substantia nigra zona reticulata (SNR) following
      unilateral microinjection of gamma-vinyl GABA (GVG; 5 micrograms) was linear for
      at least 180 min while GABA concentrations in the uninjected right SNR did not
      change over this period. Net GABA accumulation (left minus right SNR) also
      increased linearly over this interval. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of
      ethanol (0.3, 1 or 3 g/kg) 15 min after GVG microinjection did not significantly
      change either the rate of GABA accumulation in left SNR, the net GABA accumulated
      or the concentration of GABA in the uninjected right SNR relative to saline
      injected controls over the 45-min test interval. Likewise, GABA accumulation in
      the left SNR or steady-state GABA concentrations in the right SNR of chronically
      intoxicated rats or physically dependent animals withdrawn from ethanol for 12 h
      did not change significantly from that dextrose-fed controls. In a separate
      study, the effects of acute and chronic ethanol treatments on the concentration
      of GABA in synaptosomes isolated from the frontal cortex, hippocampus, tectum,
      striatum, cerebellum or brainstem were determined. Thirty min after acute
      treatment with ethanol (0.5, 1, 2 or 4 g/kg, i.p.) the concentration of GABA in
      synaptosomes from any of these brain regions was not significantly altered.
      Furthermore, chronic ethanol treatment sufficient to induce physical dependence
      and a severe ethanol withdrawal syndrome also did not significantly modify
      synaptosomal GABA concentrations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3395860
TI  - Current generators and properties of late components evoked in rat olfactory
      cortex.
AB  - Following main olfactory bulb (MOB) stimulation at frequencies of 0.1-0.3 Hz, in
      addition to early field potentials, a frequency-sensitive, surface negative late
      N2 wave (latency range: 63-96 msec) followed occasionally by a late N3 transient,
      was evoked in the piriform cortex and endopiriform nucleus of the rat. The N2
      wave inverted polarity at the Ib-II cortical layer interface (P2 wave) and was
      associated with late unit discharges 200 to 1200 microns deep to the turnover
      point. Response probability, peak latency, recovery curve and frequency
      sensitivity of the P2 wave were not significantly different in animals under
      urethane or pentobarbital. Current-source-density (CSD) analysis revealed that
      the N2 wave generators were localized to the Ib-II layer interface. Since
      inhibitory activity does not contribute substantially to the second derivative
      curve, CSD analysis strengthens the assumption that late components (LCs) are
      excitatory events (compound EPSPs) presumably generated on the proximal apical
      dendritic segments of pyramidal cells by association axons. The early "b" wave in
      a test response was facilitated, rather than occluded, when a LC was present in
      the conditioning response, or when the priming volley was delivered to the
      mediodorsal thalamic nucleus. Clustering of unit and field activity in two
      distinct periods of the evoked response separated by a prolonged interval of cell
      silence suggests that cortical coding of olfactory cues might be more efficiently
      achieved by temporal modulation of the neuronal response rather than by spatial
      distribution of firing patterns.

PMID- 3395861
TI  - A direct hepatic osmoreceptive afferent projection from nucleus tractus
      solitarius to dorsal hypothalamus.
AB  - Thirty units that responded antidromically to electrical stimulation of the zona
      incerta (ZI) or the dorsal portion of hypothalamus were recorded in the nucleus
      tractus solitarii (NTS). These units were analyzed in relation to hepatoportal
      afferent inputs. Electrical stimulation of the hepatic branch of the vagus nerve
      facilitated six units (facilitatory units) and suppressed 10 units (suppressed
      units). Effect of the portal infusion of hypertonic saline was examined on six
      facilitatory and eight suppressed units. One facilitatory unit and one suppressed
      unit increased their discharge rates in response to portal infusion. Four
      facilitatory units and one suppressed unit decreased their discharge rates in
      response to the same stimulation. Increased or decreased discharge rates in
      response to portal infusion of hypertonic saline were observed in units that
      responded antidromically to electrical stimulation of the paraventricular
      hypothalamic nucleus, the lateral hypothalamic area, or the ZI. It is concluded
      that hepatoportal osmoreceptive signals are conveyed to the hypothalamus or the
      ZI directly from the NTS.

PMID- 3395862
TI  - Effects of increased circulating angiotensin II (AII) on fluid exchange and
      binding of AII in the brain.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that elevated levels of circulating angiotensin II
      (AII) can influence the binding capacity of this peptide for its receptors in
      peripheral tissues, but the effect of increased circulating levels of AII on its
      receptors in the brain has not been well-defined. In the present study, the
      effect of chronic subcutaneous infusions of AII on: (1) the binding of AII to
      neuronal membranes from the diencephalon (hypothalamus, thalamus and septum)
      (HTS) of the brain; (b) water intake and urine output, (c) blood pressure, and
      (d) their interrelationships was evaluated in rats. Significant increases in
      daily water intake and urine output accompanied chronic infusions of AII at a
      rate of 125 ng/kg/min. Both blood pressure and the concentration of aldosterone
      in plasma were also elevated in these rats. The acute dipsogenic response to
      either central (10 ng) or peripheral (100 micrograms/kg, SC) administration of
      AII was also tested both in controls and in rats receiving chronic infusions of
      AII at a rate of either 40 or 125 ng/kg/min, and no differences were observed.
      Analysis of the HTS region of the brain revealed a significant increase in the
      specific binding of AII in AII-infused rats compared to controls. Scatchard
      analysis of the specific binding of AII to its receptors in the HTS of rats
      treated with 40 ng AII/kg/min for 6 days revealed a significant increase in the
      number of binding sites for AII compared to controls (Bmax 12.13 vs. 8.79 fmol/mg
      protein), but no change in binding affinity (Kd).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3395863
TI  - Existence of a powerful inhibitory mechanism in the medial region of caudal
      medulla--with special reference to the paramedian reticular nucleus.
AB  - Inhibitory actions of the medial trigon of the caudal medulla (ITM) with special
      reference to the paramedian reticular nucleus (PRN) were explored in cats under
      chloralose (40 mg/kg) and urethane (400 mg/kg) anesthesia. Stimulation with
      square wave pulses (80 Hz, 1 msec, 100-200 microA) produced a reduction of mean
      systemic arterial blood pressure (MSAP) of 15-90 mmHg, and change in heart rate
      (HR) that varied from mild increase of 15 to reduction of 85 beats/min. These
      responses were not affected by mid-collicular decerebration nor by bilateral
      vagotomy. Destruction of PRN did not change the resting MSAP, HR or baroreceptor
      reflex responses. Stimulation of PRN suppressed the sympathetic pressor and
      cardioacceleratory and the vagal bradycardia responses resulting from activating
      cardiovascular (CV) regulatory mechanisms in the hypothalamus, midbrain and
      medulla, or from activating the somatic or the baroreceptive afferents.
      Activation of the PRN suppressed the MSAP-increase produced by direct stimulation
      of the stellate or celiac ganglion. PRN stimulation could eliminate the
      pronounced CV reactions consequent either to asphyxial anoxia during occlusion of
      the trachea or to cerebral ischemia following occlusion of vertebral and carotid
      arteries. Furthermore, PRN activation could stop the general convulsion of the
      animal induced by picrotoxin, 4 mg/kg, IV. Our findings suggest that in the
      trigon area especially in the PRN, there resides an independent mechanism which
      exerts very powerful and broad inhibitory actions on the autonomic as well as
      somatic nervous system.

PMID- 3395864
TI  - Thalamic control of neocortical activation: a critical re-evaluation.
AB  - Bilateral intrathalamic injection of kainic acid in rats produces widespread
      destruction of thalamic neurons but does not abolish neocortical activation
      (generation of low voltage fast activity, LVFA). On the other hand, a combination
      of reserpine and scopolamine abolishes all LVFA but does not abolish
      thalamocortical transmission as assessed by recruiting responses, augmenting
      responses, and sensory evoked neocortical potentials. These facts show that
      thalamocortical transmission is neither necessary nor sufficient to produce
      neocortical activation. The classical view of neocortical activation as dependent
      on a reticulothalamocortical pathway seems to be incorrect. It appears, instead,
      that neocortical activation is dependent jointly on a cholinergic input from the
      basal forebrain and a serotonergic input from the brainstem.

PMID- 3395866
TI  - [Obstruction of the respiratory tract in the dyskinetic cilia syndrome].

PMID- 3395865
TI  - A computer program for automatic plotting of isopotential contours in CNS.
AB  - A computer program was developed in a Basic (Applesoft) version for generating up
      to five isopotential curves from field potentials recorded in nervous structures.
      Voltages are fed according to a cartesian coordinate system, and an area is
      delineated each four points in which a certain number of intermediate voltage
      points are calculated, according to the required resolution. The calculated
      values are compared to those prefixed for each curve and, if similar, their
      coordinates are stored in corresponding bidimensional matrixes. A special
      subroutine was designed for constructing an isometric tridimensional perspective
      of the isopotential curve ensemble. The reliability of this program was tested in
      the localization of sensory representation areas on the neocortex of the South
      American armadillo (Chaetophractus vellerosus) studied by evoked potential
      mapping following visual, auditory and somatosensory stimuli. The isopotential
      curves traced permitted a quantitative evaluation of the cortical activated
      areas, and from their topographical distribution, relative unresponsive zones
      could be inferred where only inconspicuous responses were obtained. It is
      concluded that the present program provides a reliable and fast method for
      studying the evoked potential's spatial distribution over the entire neocortex.
      In addition, it can be extended to the study of curves or contours which connect
      equivalent values pertaining to biophysical magnitudes other than voltage data.

PMID- 3395867
TI  - [Changes in adenylate cyclase activity in the early phases of ischemia in cardiac
      myocytes].

PMID- 3395868
TI  - [Changes in the mechanics of respiration in defensive reflexes of the respiratory
      tract in cats].

PMID- 3395869
TI  - [Biometric analysis of survival curves in relation to the treatment of patients
      with generalized plasmacytoma].

PMID- 3395870
TI  - [Errors in genealogical analysis in the evaluation of genetic manifestations and
      splitting conditions in psychiatry].

PMID- 3395871
TI  - [The placental syncytiotrophoblast in neonates with intrauterine growth
      retardation].

PMID- 3395872
TI  - [Utilization of proteins in relation to age and intake of fats and saccharides].

PMID- 3395873
TI  - [Prognostic reliability of a single study of plasma values of 17-beta estradiol,
      progesterone and human choriogonadotropin in threatened pregnancy in the 1st
      trimester].

PMID- 3395874
TI  - [Vasomotor reactions in the acral segments of extremities in humans induced by
      physiological stimulation].

PMID- 3395875
TI  - [Serologic incompatibility in pregnancy from the aspect of antibody type].

PMID- 3395877
TI  - [Measurement of intracranial pressure in severe craniocerebral injuries].

PMID- 3395876
TI  - [Aplasia of the infrarenal segment of the abdominal aorta].

PMID- 3395878
TI  - [Psychosomatic influences in the development of primary dysmenorrhea].

PMID- 3395879
TI  - [Malignant gynecologic neoplasms in Czechoslovakia 1981-1985].

PMID- 3395881
TI  - [The evolution of the influenza viruses].

PMID- 3395880
TI  - [Incidence of inflammatory complications after cesarean section].

PMID- 3395882
TI  - [The effect of manganese ions on the reactivity of vascular smooth muscle].

PMID- 3395883
TI  - [Atypical development of the myelin sheath in peripheral nerve fibers].

PMID- 3395884
TI  - [The effect of age on the formation of reaction products of oxygen and lysosomal
      enzyme activity in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes].

PMID- 3395885
TI  - [The problem of imported parasitoses].

PMID- 3395886
TI  - [The significance of anamnestic causes of risk pregnancy].

PMID- 3395887
TI  - [Cytogenetic effects of non-antibiotic growth stimulators on bone marrow cells in
      mice].

PMID- 3395888
TI  - [The parenteral Mg-tolerance test--evaluation of results in healthy volunteers].

PMID- 3395889
TI  - [Spontaneous rupture of a neoplastic kidney with signs of acute abdomen].

PMID- 3395890
TI  - [Anti-arrhythmia agents].

PMID- 3395891
TI  - It's time to stop shredding records.

PMID- 3395893
TI  - Use of anatomical dolls among professionals in sexual abuse evaluations.
AB  - A total of 295 child protection workers, law enforcement officers, mental health
      practitioners, and physicians were surveyed to ascertain their uses of the
      anatomical dolls in child sexual abuse evaluations and their interpretations of
      young children's interactions with the dolls. The dolls enjoy fairly wide use
      among all four professional groups although most professionals employing the
      dolls have had little specific training in their use. Law enforcement officers
      were significantly less likely than the other professionals to view children's
      demonstrations of sexual acts with the dolls as convincing evidence of sexual
      abuse. There was no behavior (e.g., undressing the dolls, touching the dolls'
      genitals) which all professional groups unanimously agreed would be normal play
      behavior by young children ages 2-5, who had not been sexually abused. Results
      highlight the need for training resources and normative research.

PMID- 3395894
TI  - Behavioral sequelae of physical and/or sexual abuse in adolescents.
AB  - In a survey of 500 admissions to a short-term residential chemical dependency
      treatment center for adolescents (ages 12 to 18), 150 adolescents (30%) had been
      identified as victims of physical and/or sexual abuse. While the abused group had
      a higher incidence of prior social service and mental health intervention,
      extraordinarily 68% of these abuse cases had not been reported by children,
      family, or interviewers prior to the adolescents having entered the chemical
      dependency residential treatment facility. This chemically dependent, previously
      abused group was differentiated from a comparison group of nonabused, chemically
      dependent adolescents, and a second comparison group of nonabused, nonchemically
      dependent adolescents. Results indicated a higher incidence of acting out
      behavior, runaways, legal involvement and sexual promiscuity within the abused
      group.

PMID- 3395892
TI  - Sexual abuse in young children: its clinical presentation and characteristic
      patterns.
AB  - A retrospective record survey was performed using all child clients aged less
      than 7 years seen at a community mental health center during the period 1982
      1984. The total number of 202 children fell into three groups: sexually abused (n
      = 37), physically abused (n = 35), and nonabused clinical children (n = 130).
      These groups were compared in order to learn more about sexual abuse in young
      children. Family background of both abused groups were similar to each other but
      differed from the nonabused group in having more factors related to family stress
      than the nonabused group. Clinical presentations of all the children overlapped a
      great deal symptomatically; however, the sexually abused children had a
      statistically significant higher frequency of inappropriate sexual behavior than
      the other two groups. Several characteristics of the abusive patterns suffered by
      the two abuse groups differed at or near statistical significance: sexually
      abused children were more often victimized in single acts by nonrelated child
      perpetrators than were physically abused children.

PMID- 3395896
TI  - Characteristics predicting children's responses to sexual encounters with other
      children.
AB  - The replies to a survey of more than 1,000 undergraduates concerning childhood
      sexual encounters are reported. Linear structural equation modeling is employed
      to analyze which characteristics of the sexual encounters with other children
      were associated with more positive or negative responses by subjects.
      Approximately 42% of the subjects reported a childhood sexual encounter with
      another child. Most encounters involved sexual kissing or exposing of genitalia,
      and they generally occurred with a friend. High levels of coercion from the other
      child to gain the subject's cooperation, homosexual encounters, and encounters
      with those other than friends predicted a more negative response. The type of
      sexual activity was not associated with response. Subjects who experienced a high
      level of coercion from another child reacted to their sexual encounter similarly
      to other subjects who had a sexual encounter with an adult, while those who
      experienced low levels of coercion rated their encounter with a child more
      positively.

PMID- 3395895
TI  - Sexual abuse: somatic and emotional reactions.
AB  - A chart review and telephone interview of 72 sexual abuse victims was conducted
      to determine if children and adolescents who are victims of sexual abuse suffer
      from symptoms similar to the "rape trauma syndrome," which has been reported in
      adults. Symptoms similar to the rape trauma syndrome were found in 48 of the 72
      abused children and only 26 of the matched control group, p less than .01. Common
      somatic complaints in the sexual abuse patients included dysuria, vaginal
      discharge and chronic abdominal pain. Some of the emotional and behavioral
      problems noted during the follow-up period among the sexual abuse patients
      included sleep problems, runaway behavior, and suicide attempts. The duration of
      abuse and age of the victim at the time of abuse significantly affected the
      frequency of reported somatic symptoms, but the type of abuse and type of
      assailant did not significantly affect the frequency of reported somatic and
      emotional reactions. There was no difference in the occurrence of school problems
      and early pregnancy between sexually abused patients and controls. Since 67% of
      all sexually abused patients suffered from emotional and somatic reactions, close
      follow-up of these patients is indicated.

PMID- 3395897
TI  - Child perpetrators--children who molest other children: preliminary findings.
AB  - While the seriousness of sexual abuse by adolescents is finally beginning to
      receive adequate attention from the professional community, the existence of
      child perpetrators is largely dismissed and denied. Forty-seven boys between the
      ages of 4 and 13 are described who have molested children younger than
      themselves. Coercion was involved in all of the cases included in this study.
      These children had been treated in a program especially designed for child
      perpetrators at Children's Institute International in Los Angeles. Prior to their
      own sexually abusive behaviors, 49% of these boys had been sexually abused and
      19% physically abused. The children all knew the people who victimized them.
      These male child perpetrators all knew the children they molested. In 47% of the
      cases the sexual abuse was of a sibling. The average number of victims of these
      children was 2.1 with a range of 1 to 7. The mean age at the time of perpetration
      was 8 years, 9 months. The mean age of the victims of these children was 6 years,
      9 months. There was a history of sexual and physical abuse in the majority of the
      families of these children, as well as a history of substance abuse. This
      population is compared to adolescent perpetrators.

PMID- 3395898
TI  - Decision-making in interdisciplinary treatment teams.
AB  - Interdisciplinary teams for the treatment of child abuse and neglect are becoming
      more common. Studies have shown that decisions made by groups who have had the
      opportunity to discuss their perspectives are more accurate than judgments made
      by individuals. Why this may be true is not clear. The purpose of the present
      study was to discover the procedures an interdisciplinary treatment team uses in
      making decisions. A single interdisciplinary incest treatment team was observed
      over a 15-month period. Open-ended interviews with team members also were
      conducted. Findings show that the interdisciplinary treatment team made its
      decisions using procedures analogous to procedures used in social research to
      establish reliability and validity. The decision-making process of the team was
      characterized by multiple observations of family members by multiple observers in
      multiple settings over time. This decision-making process is similar to processes
      used by many other treatment teams. The findings of the present research, then,
      are likely to be generalizable to other teams whose decision-making processes are
      similar.

PMID- 3395900
TI  - Attributing responsibility in cases of father-daughter sexual abuse.
AB  - This study examined the effects of social workers' attributions of responsibility
      on their strategies in cases of father-daughter sexual abuse. Social workers read
      three vignettes illustrating such abuse. Following each vignette, they rated the
      degree of responsibility they attributed to the father, mother, and daughter
      described in each vignette, and the likelihood that they would recommend the
      incarceration of the father or the placement of the daughter into foster care.
      The more responsibility workers attributed to the father and daughter and the
      less they attributed to the mother, the more likely they were to recommend the
      father's incarceration. The more responsibility they attributed to the father,
      the more likely they were to recommend that the daughter be placed into foster
      care.

PMID- 3395899
TI  - The self-report of punitive childhood experiences of young adults and
      adolescents.
AB  - A questionnaire designed to assess childhood disciplinary experiences was
      administered to a large sample of university students. The responses of these
      subjects indicated many of these predominantly middle-class young adults had
      experienced disciplinary activities that could be considered abusive. The results
      provide prevalence data on child abuse histories in a nonclinical sample and were
      seen as supporting the idea that physical abuse of children is widespread and not
      restricted to groups identified on the basis of clinical service or social
      deviance. Regardless of the criterion for physical abuse applied to the data,
      most respondents who met a criterion for having been abused failed to label
      themselves as having been abused. Additionally, correlations between severe
      physical punishment and abuse-related domains were shown to obtain in these
      nonclinical samples in a manner consistent with descriptions of abusive families
      in the clinical literature. A second study conducted with truly abused and
      nonabused adolescents established the validity of the questionnaire approach used
      in this research, and the two studies indicated the feasibility of conducting
      research on physical child abuse in natural collectivities of nonclinical
      subjects.

PMID- 3395901
TI  - Child discipline and abuse in Hong Kong.

PMID- 3395902
TI  - Part I: Promoting adherence in hypertension: a framework for patient education.

PMID- 3395903
TI  - [5 protocols for intravenous anesthesia of short duration].

PMID- 3395904
TI  - [Post-operative peridural analgesia: its performance in a general hospital
      center].

PMID- 3395905
TI  - [Treatment of algodystrophy with regional intravenous block using guanethidine].

PMID- 3395906
TI  - [Effect of labetalol on the hemodynamic response to sodium nitroprusside].

PMID- 3395908
TI  - [2 recent English studies on peridural obstetrical analgesia and its safety].

PMID- 3395907
TI  - [The debate on peridural obstetrical analgesia. Organization and
      responsibilities].

PMID- 3395909
TI  - [Measure of cardiac output using a non-invasive method].

PMID- 3395910
TI  - [Acute respiratory distress syndrome in the immediate post-partum period:
      amniotic embolism or malignant influenza?].

PMID- 3395911
TI  - [Post-traumatic bilateral thrombosis of the renal artery].

PMID- 3395912
TI  - [Teaching anesthesiology].

PMID- 3395913
TI  - Noninvasive cardiac output monitoring during exercise stress test.
AB  - A computerized continuous wave Doppler instrument was used to monitor changes in
      cardiac output during symptom limited supine bicycle exercise in 41 individuals.
      Eight (19%) had technically unsatisfactory Doppler signals. Of the remaining 33
      patients, 21 had clinical and 18 had angiographic evidence of coronary artery
      disease (group 1) and 12 age-matched asymptomatic subjects served as controls
      (group 2). In eight group 1 patients, cardiac output determined simultaneously by
      Doppler and thermodilution technique correlated well at rest and peak exercise (Y
      = 1.71x + 0.69, SEE = 0.57, r = 0.86, P less than 0.001). During exercise, group
      1 patients increased their cardiac output from 5.2 +/- 1 to 6.9 +/- 1.4 (mean +/-
      SD), group 2 subjects increased their cardiac output from 5.5 +/- 1.3 to 10.9 +/-
      2. Group 1 patients, when compared to group 2 control subjects, had a lesser
      increase in cardiac output (34% versus 103%, P less than 0.05), a shorter
      duration of exercise (6.1 versus 9.7 mins, P less than 0.05) and a lower double
      product (172 +/- 18 versus 211 +/- 27, P less than 0.05). This new Doppler
      technique provides reasonably accurate estimates of cardiac output at rest and on
      moderate exercise in selected patients. In selected clinical situations, it may
      be a valuable addition to other measurements that are usually determined during
      exercise.

PMID- 3395914
TI  - Treatment of pulmonary hypertension with diltiazem in a child with
      bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
AB  - A two-year-old child dying of pulmonary hypertension and cor pulmonale secondary
      to bronchopulmonary dysplasia, was demonstrated to have reactive pulmonary
      hypertension in response to 100% oxygen and isoproterenol infusion. In an attempt
      to find an oral medication to maintain pulmonary vasodilatation, experimental
      trials were done using hydralazine, salbutamol, nifedipine and diltiazem. Cardiac
      index, pulmonary and systemic vascular resistances and intrapulmonary shunts were
      monitored during the trials. Hydralazine, salbutamol and nifedipine were
      ineffective. Diltiazem 2.0 mg given every 6 h resulted in a profound and
      sustained decrease in pulmonary pressures and resistance, and a reversal of the
      cor pulmonale.

PMID- 3395915
TI  - Sustained polymorphous ventricular tachycardia and the atropine test.
AB  - Atropine was used to diagnostic purposes in a 58-year-old man who presented with
      sinus bradycardia. The patient suffered immediate polymorphous ventricular
      tachycardia which persisted for 3 mins. External synchronized cardioversion
      established sinus rhythm and the subsequent hospital course was uneventful.

PMID- 3395916
TI  - Acute effects of cocaine on catecholamines and cardiac electrophysiology in the
      conscious dog.
AB  - To evaluate the electrophysiologic and neurohumoral effects of cocaine on the
      sinus node, atrium, atrioventricular node, and His-Purkinje system, 14 conscious
      dogs were studied before and after an infusion titrated to maximum tolerance or
      to increase the systolic blood pressure by at least 15%. Plasma cocaine and
      catecholamine levels, blood pressure, surface and intracardiac electrograms were
      recorded. Programmed electrical stimulation was performed from the right atrium.
      The sinoatrial conduction time, paced PR interval, atrioventricular nodal
      conduction time, atrioventricular nodal effective refractory period and blood
      pressure increased. Plasma noradrenaline, adrenaline and dopamine increased and
      remained at two to three times control levels throughout the study although
      plasma cocaine levels declined. Adrenaline levels were strongly correlated with
      the hemodynamic response while plasma cocaine levels were not. No sustained
      spontaneous atrial or ventricular arrhythmias were recorded after cocaine
      infusion. Atrial fibrillation with a slow ventricular response was induced by
      pacing after cocaine in only three dogs. There were no significant changes in
      pacing threshold, right intra-atrial conduction time, infranodal conduction time,
      heart rate, QRS or QT. No pacing induced infranodal block occurred. The cocaine
      dose rate infused was 2.8 +/- 1.2 mg/kg; cocaine plasma levels were 1402 +/- 885
      ng/mL immediately after the initial infusion and 525 +/- 321 ng/mL at the end of
      the study. It is concluded that in normal canine heart cocaine increases blood
      pressure, sinoatrial conduction time, atrioventricular nodal effective refractory
      period, paced PR interval, atrioventricular nodal conduction time, plasma
      catecholamines and susceptibility to atrial fibrillation. These findings cannot
      be explained solely by increased sympathetic nervous system activity and suggest
      participation of the parasympathetic nervous system.

PMID- 3395917
TI  - Role of ATP metabolites in induction of incomplete recovery of cardiac
      contractile force after hypoxia.
AB  - The present study was designed to elucidate metabolic factors related to
      reoxygenation-induced recovery of cardiac contractile force after a period of
      hypoxia, from the view point of energy metabolism in the myocardium. Rabbit
      hearts were perfused for 20 mins under various degrees of hypoxic conditions,
      followed by 45 mins of reoxygenation. Hypoxia induced a rise in resting tension,
      a cessation of cardiac contractile force, a depletion of high energy phosphates,
      an increase in tissue calcium and an increase in UV absorbance of the perfusate.
      High performance liquid chromatography analysis of the perfusate indicated that
      the increase in UV absorbance of the perfusate was attributed to the release of
      ATP metabolites from the perfused heart. Reoxygenation-induced recovery of
      cardiac contractile force after 20 mins of hypoxia was predicted by the degree of
      the rise in resting tension at the final period of hypoxia. The recovery was
      related to the level of high energy phosphates in the reoxygenated heart as well
      as the loss of ATP metabolites from the heart but not to the tissue calcium
      content. The loss of ATP metabolites also correlated with myocardial ATP levels
      at 45 mins of reoxygenation and a rise in resting tension at 20 mins of hypoxia.
      The results suggest that loss of ATP metabolites is a vital step in the induction
      of incomplete recovery of cardiac contractile force after hypoxia.

PMID- 3395918
TI  - Preschool vision testing with a new device, the Scolatest.
AB  - To determine the reliability of results obtained in preschool children by school
      nurses with a new device for testing vision, the Scolatest, 153 children aged 4
      to 5 years were presented with the Snellen E on the standard American Optical
      projector and with five letters of the Sheridan test (H, O, V, T and X) on the
      Scolatest. Another 212 children aged 3 to 4 years were presented with the Allen
      symbols on the projector and with the Pigassou symbols on the Scolatest. The
      tests with the projector were given at 6 m by an experienced pediatric
      orthoptist, those with the Scolatest at 2.5 m by a school nurse. The proportion
      of good responses was higher with the Pigassou symbols than with the Allen
      symbols. The results with the Sheridan letters and the Snellen E were similar up
      to 20/30; beyond 20/30 the Snellen E appeared unreliable. The four vision-testing
      systems were also presented by a school nurse at 2.5 m on the Scolatest to 102
      children aged 4 to 5 years (Snellen E and the five Sheridan letters) and 80
      children aged 3 to 4 years (Allen and Pigassou symbols). The proportions of good
      responses were more comparable. The results suggest that a working distance of
      2.5 m should be used in testing vision in preschool children. Visual screening at
      this distance should test acuity beyond the 20/30 equivalence if results
      comparable to those at 20 feet with the 20/30 standard requirement are to be
      obtained.

PMID- 3395919
TI  - Plasma lipid patterns in patients with suspected glaucoma.
AB  - We carried out analysis of plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels in 183 patients
      (92 women and 91 men) referred because of suspected glaucoma. We found an excess
      of hypertriglyceridemia among the women. Type IV lipoproteinemia was the most
      common lipoprotein abnormality. Lipid analysis was unhelpful in determining
      whether glaucoma was present or what type of glaucoma was present. The prevalence
      of cardiovascular disease was similar among patients with and without a
      lipoprotein abnormality.

PMID- 3395920
TI  - Ocular myotoxic effects of local anesthetics.
AB  - Of 650 patients who underwent various surgical procedures on the anterior segment
      in which 2% lidocaine hydrochloride plus 1:100,000 epinephrine was used as a
      local anesthetic, 5 experienced postoperative complications attributed to the
      anesthetic: ptosis (in 2 cases), horizontal rectus muscle palsy (in 2) and
      lagophthalmos (in 1). The cause of the complications may have been inadvertent
      direct infiltration of the anesthetic into the levator palpebrae superioris, the
      horizontal rectus muscles and the orbicularis oculi respectively. All the
      patients recovered spontaneously in 8 to 12 weeks. The clinical course was
      compatible with myotoxic effects of local anesthetics.

PMID- 3395921
TI  - A comparative study of two preservative-free tear substitutes in the management
      of severe dry eye.
AB  - Between mid-May and mid-July 1987 we performed a prospective crossover study of
      two unit-dose preservative-free artificial tear solutions, 1.4% polyvinyl alcohol
      (Refresh) and 0.1% sodium hyaluronate (Hylorin) in 14 female patients with severe
      dry eye syndrome. The patients were examined before treatment and after each of
      two trials with both products. A significant reduction in the mean score for dry
      eye-induced keratitis (p = 0.001) and for mucous strands (p = 0.03) was observed
      following the second of two trials with sodium hyaluronate. A significant
      reduction in the mean score for burning and irritation was observed with both
      solutions (p = 0.009). We believe that the elimination of preservatives from
      artificial tear preparations may substantially reduce the iatrogenic effects of
      these frequently applied medications.

PMID- 3395923
TI  - Recurrence of orbital pseudotumour after 10 years.
AB  - We describe a patient in whom left orbital pseudotumour developed on two
      occasions 10 years apart. Treatment with oral corticosteroids produced dramatic
      recovery on both occasions.

PMID- 3395922
TI  - Pathological study in a female carrier of choroideremia.
AB  - We present the pathological findings in one eye of a 68-year-old woman with
      choroideremia. There was widespread malformation of the outer receptor segments.
      A second retinal finding was patches of atrophy, involving loss of the retinal
      outer cell layer. The pigment epithelium was intact, although there were areas
      showing depigmentation of the cells. The choriocapillaris was present. The
      findings suggest that the primary defect in choroideremia lies at the retina
      pigment epithelium interface. Possible mechanisms are discussed.

PMID- 3395924
TI  - [Protection of the eyes in racket sports].
AB  - A survey was conducted on 1032 racket sport players from 10 randomly selected
      racket sport centers in Quebec during the month of October 1985. The use of
      protective eye glasses was found to be higher in racketball (70.2%) and squash
      (45.8%) than in badminton (8.8%) or tennis (3.5%). While a little less than 60%
      of protective eye glasses were equipped with unbreakable lenses, 40% of
      protective glasses were simple eye guards, containing no lens at all. Hence a
      large number of players assumed that they had adequate protection while wearing
      simple eye guards or their everyday normal glasses. Gender differences did not
      seem to affect the use of protective eye glasses. A general observation was that
      the older the player the better the eye protection, whereas novice players tended
      to be less prepared to use the protective glasses. The use of protective eye
      glasses was found to be compulsory in close to 46% of racketball centers and in
      25% of squash clubs.

PMID- 3395925
TI  - Eccentric and concentric torque and power of the knee extensors of females.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to compare differences in eccentric and concentric
      peak torque and power measurements of knee extensors at different velocities. The
      subjects included 21 females between the ages of 19 and 28, who had no history of
      knee pain or abnormality. Eccentric and concentric contractions of the knee
      extensors of the dominant leg of each subject were tested on an isokinetic
      dynameter at 60 degrees/s, 120 degrees/s and 180 degrees/s. Eccentric peak torque
      was greater than concentric at each of the three velocities tested, whereas
      eccentric power was significantly greater only at the two higher velocities. The
      lack of change in concentric peak torque between 120 degrees/s and 180 degrees/s
      contrasted with results of other studies, probably owing to methodological
      differences. Eccentric torque increased from 60 degrees/s to 120 degrees/s, but
      decreased again at the highest velocity. Both concentric and eccentric power
      increased with velocity.

PMID- 3395926
TI  - Should doctors kill patients?

PMID- 3395927
TI  - Abortion: getting off the fence.

PMID- 3395928
TI  - Tobacco advertising in Japan.

PMID- 3395929
TI  - Individual rights and Bill C-51.

PMID- 3395930
TI  - Birth prevalence and recurrence rates of neural tube defects in southern Alberta
      in 1970-81.

PMID- 3395931
TI  - Are physicians' opinions about chiropractors changing?

PMID- 3395932
TI  - New benefit of beta-blockers?

PMID- 3395933
TI  - Diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis: returning research results to the Mohawk
      community.

PMID- 3395935
TI  - Hyperactivity in children. Mental Health Committee, Canadian Paediatric Society.

PMID- 3395934
TI  - The chief medical residency in Canada: comparison of opinions between physicians
      in-chief and chief medical residents.
AB  - We conducted a survey of physicians-in-chief (PCs) and chief medical residents
      (CMRs) in training programs throughout Canada to determine their attitudes toward
      the need for and role of CMRs in Canada and to rate the importance of CMR duties
      and attributes. Forty-three hospitals with 5 to 126 house staff in all eight
      provinces with medical schools were surveyed; 36 PCs (84%) and 29 CMRs (67%)
      returned a completed questionnaire. Compared with the CMRs the PCs preferred more
      prior training (p less than 0.03), estimated as significantly less the time spent
      by CMRs in required duties (p less than 0.05) and rated as more important the
      responsibilities of faculty-house staff liaison, house staff leader, house staff
      role model and teaching house staff (p less than 0.05) and the attributes of
      clinical judgement, medical knowledge, clinician model and research interests (p
      less than 0.03). All of the PCs and 97% of the CMRs rated the position as
      somewhat to very necessary; 83% of the PCs and 66% of the CMRs would not alter
      the present CMR roles. A total of 92% of the PCs felt that the position was very
      or somewhat advantageous with respect to a future private practice, compared with
      67% of the CMRs (p less than 0.02). Increased administrative and committee
      duties, decreased teaching and future reductions in house staff were identified
      as major but reversible threats to the unique quality of the CMR position. We
      conclude that the CMR has a necessary, important and highly regarded role in
      Canadian university hospitals that could possibly be improved by regular review
      by the PC and CMR at each hospital to avoid the identified problems.

PMID- 3395936
TI  - Prevalence of diabetic and atherosclerotic complications among Mohawk Indians of
      Kahnawake, PQ.
AB  - We surveyed adults with diabetes mellitus and adults without diabetes living in
      the Mohawk community of Kahnawake, PQ, for clinical characteristics related to
      vascular disease. People with diabetes were selected from a clinical register;
      nondiabetic subjects were randomly selected from a community register, with
      matching for age and sex. The response rates among the two groups were 62% and
      39% respectively; groups of 82 and 94 people were obtained. Data were collected
      by chart review, interview and body measurement. The prevalence rate of ischemic
      heart disease was 48% for the subjects with diabetes and 22% for those without
      diabetes. The adjusted odds ratio for development of ischemic heart disease in a
      person with diabetes was 3.56, for development of cerebrovascular disease 4.57
      and for development of peripheral vascular disease 5.51. Logistic regression for
      macrovascular disease showed that age, sex, smoking, hypertension and obesity
      could not explain the high rates of complications in the subjects with diabetes.
      The prevalence rates of ischemic heart disease in adults with and without
      diabetes are the highest reported in a North American Indian population.

PMID- 3395937
TI  - Irreversible sensorineural hearing loss due to erythromycin.

PMID- 3395939
TI  - Lyme disease in Canada.

PMID- 3395938
TI  - Fatal reaction to peanut antigen in almond icing.

PMID- 3395940
TI  - Nurses need a national standard of excellence.

PMID- 3395941
TI  - Drama on computer screen proves a good teacher.

PMID- 3395943
TI  - Living wills: their interpretation depends on the situation.

PMID- 3395942
TI  - Living wills: a solution to the prolonged act of dying?

PMID- 3395944
TI  - "Voluntary euthanasia declaration" goes step beyond living will.

PMID- 3395946
TI  - CMA warns MDs, patients: be cautious when taking drugs across border.

PMID- 3395945
TI  - Free trade makes it easier to cross border--unless you're an MD.

PMID- 3395947
TI  - Applied biomechanics.

PMID- 3395948
TI  - Kinematics of the lower extremity.
AB  - Range of motion of the lower extremity joints from the hip to the digits will be
      discussed including both active and passive axis of motion and their planes of
      motion. The author believes that the interpretation of these ranges of motion is
      essential in order to properly diagnose and to execute a treatment plan.

PMID- 3395949
TI  - Lower extremity functional dynamics.
AB  - An overview of the normal and abnormal functional equilibrium of the lower
      extremity has been presented. The biomechanical and pathomechanical implications
      of activity and inactivity on this system have been discussed. Special emphasis
      has been placed on the effects of musculoskeletal imbalances on foot function.
      Evaluation and management guidelines for the restoration and rehabilitation of
      lower extremity functional equilibrium have been outlined. Familiarization with
      these concepts and techniques will enable the astute practitioner to prevent
      disruptions of extremity functional equilibrium and allow the individual to lead
      a more healthy, active lifestyle.

PMID- 3395950
TI  - The orthopedic evaluation of the neonate.
AB  - A method for the orthopedic evaluation of a child during the neonatal period of
      life has been discussed. Emphasis has been placed on conditions affecting the
      lower extremities such as spinal anomalies, congenitally dislocated hip, and
      congenital foot disorders. Early detection and medical intervention can play an
      important role in lower extremity function.

PMID- 3395951
TI  - The biomechanics of traumatically applied loads.
AB  - This analytic review of the traumatic forces acting on bone reveals the
      complexity of the biomechanics of physiologically and traumatically applied
      loads. There is still controversy as to the true nature of bony behavior and the
      forces influencing that behavior. The reason is that we are dealing with living
      heterogeneous tissue and not true static models. Basically, the following can be
      stated: that the bone probably has both plastic and viscoelastic characteristics,
      but probably more of the latter. In addition, although multiple forces act on
      bone, torsional force is probably present in most cases of trauma to some extent.

PMID- 3395952
TI  - Biomechanical concepts in the treatment of ulcers in the diabetic foot.
AB  - The diabetic patient and the associated pedal abnormalities pose a particularly
      challenging problem for the doctor from both a management and a prevention
      standpoint. The sequellae of diabetes mellitus have both neurologic and vascular
      origins. Neurologically, the diabetic is predisposed to peripheral and autonomic
      neuropathy, while vascular aberrations may manifest anywhere in the arterial
      network. Secondary breakdown of cutaneous and osseous structures are the direct
      result of a chronic insensitivity to pain and a faulty healing mechanism. Healing
      is, at best, delayed due to this inborn error of glucose metabolism. Ulceration
      in the diabetic patient remains one of the most troublesome complications of
      diabetes mellitus. The most diligent and expeditious treatment will fall short
      nonetheless, if the patient has not been completely educated concerning his
      affliction. The association of patient education and the response to therapy
      cannot be overstressed. The diabetic should be educated concerning proper foot
      care and should be made aware of the serious complications that may result from
      improper hygiene and pedal neglect. The patient should not assume a passive role
      in the treatment, but rather, actively participate in his recuperation and
      rehabilitation. Frankly, it is the patient's understanding of the disease process
      as it affects the foot and his willingness to accept part of the responsibility
      for his foot care that will determine the ultimate success of the treatment. The
      biomechanical considerations that follow the primary management of the acute
      presentation of diabetic lesions, are aimed at preventing further breakdown and
      lesion formation by minimizing the adverse effects of gait or ambulation.
      Biomechanical methods of treating or preventing neuropathic diabetic ulcers have
      been examined. The conventional medical management of neuropathic and angiopathic
      ulcers includes antibiosis, local debridement, and bed rest. Due to today's
      lifestyle, complete bed rest is not always convenient for the patient and even
      cooperative patients may neglect to use crutches or minimize the problem of their
      ulcer due to the absence of pain. The methods discussed afford the patient a more
      normal lifestyle; however, proper patient compliance is required. Patients who
      use the total contact cast must be willing to keep their weekly appointments
      zealously and report any problems pertaining to their treatment. After the ulcer
      has been closed, the patient and doctor must realize that the battle is only half
      over. Steps must be taken in order to deter one of the most frequent
      complications, reoccurrence of the ulcer.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3395953
TI  - Some biomechanical aspects of crutch and cane walking: the relationship between
      forward rate of progression, symmetry, and efficiency--a case report.
AB  - The purpose of this case report is to review the progression of crutch ambulation
      typically used in the management of lower extremity injuries, and to describe
      some biomechanical parameters of gait using assistive devices. A comparison is
      made between weight bearing status and the use of different devices (that is,
      axial crutches, cane). Unilateral versus bilateral and nonreciprocal versus
      reciprocal crutch gait patterns are evaluated. Review of the data showed
      bilateral use of crutches helped to maintain the symmetry of gait as was
      demonstrated when right and left cycle times and right and left stride lengths
      were compared. Symmetry was maintained for most bilateral crutch gaits with the
      exception of the NWB (three-point) pattern. This trial represents, by definition,
      an asymmetrical condition. The comparison of nonreciprocal versus reciprocal FWB
      crutch gaits revealed little objective difference in the parameters studied.
      However, it is the authors' view that a two-point reciprocal crutch gait more
      closely approximates normal gait, and therefore should be encouraged. It is
      possible that consideration of different parameters (for example,
      electrogoniometric analysis of joint angles) might demonstrate an objective
      difference between nonreciprocal and reciprocal gait patterns. When a single
      assistive device was used (crutch or cane) asymmetries were demonstrated. When
      single crutch and single cane trials were compared obvious asymmetries in cycle
      time and stride length were noted in the former. A single axial crutch splints
      the upper trunk, thereby decreasing pelvic/trunk rotation and reducing reciprocal
      arm swing. Using a cane substantially improves symmetry and forward rate of
      progression by increasing rotation and reciprocal arm swing. The authors believe
      this finding is significant and should be considered when selecting a unilateral
      device. Indeed, these findings suggest it may, under certain circumstances, be
      more appropriate to forego the use of a unilateral crutch. Perhaps the most
      obvious effect assistive devices have on gait is to decrease the rate of forward
      progression. When (unassisted) PRA was compared with trials in which assistive
      devices were used, velocity and cadence decreased. Asymmetries of gait lead to
      distortions in the path of the center of gravity, which manifest as increased
      energy expenditure. Energy expenditure is similarly affected when the rate of
      forward progression varies from an optimal rate. Using an inappropriate assistive
      device decreases forward rate of progression and therefore may lead to
      inefficient ambulation under certain circumstances.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400
      WORDS)

PMID- 3395954
TI  - Current footwear technology.
AB  - This article is an in-depth review of footwear as it exists today. An historical
      perspective of the development of athletic shoegear is presented. A discussion of
      the development, construction, and features of athletic shoegear is included.
      Emphasis is placed on using these shoes as therapeutic modalities.

PMID- 3395955
TI  - Single copies of the N-myc oncogene in neuroblastomas from children presenting
      with the syndrome of opsoclonus-myoclonus.
AB  - Patients with neuroblastoma who present with the syndrome of opsoclonus and
      myoclonus enjoy a remarkably good prognosis independent of their stage of disease
      or their age at diagnosis. The presence of N-myc amplification also has been
      found to be an independent prognostic factor in neuroblastoma. Patients with
      multicopy N-myc tumors have rapid tumor progression whereas those with single
      copy tumors have a significantly better progression-free survival. The authors
      examined four primary, untreated neuroblastomas for the N-myc copy number from
      patients who presented with opsoclonus and myoclonus. All four tumors had single
      copies of N-myc, and all four patients are alive with no evidence of recurrent
      disease with 6+ to 54+ months' follow-up. This appears to be the only report of N
      myc analysis in this group of children. It would be interesting to analyze more
      neuroblastomas from patients who present with opsoclonus and myoclonus to
      determine how many of these patients have single N-myc copy tumors.

PMID- 3395956
TI  - The effect of a high fat diet on the incidence of colonic cancer after
      cholecystectomy in mice.
AB  - An experimental study was designed to evaluate the effects of both a high fat
      diet and a cholecystectomy on the incidence of carcinogen-induced colon cancer in
      mice. Sixty pink-eyed jax (P/J) mice were divided equally into two groups. One
      group was fed a standard rodent diet and the other group received a diet
      supplemented with 20% corn oil. From each diet group, 50% of the mice had a
      cholecystectomy and the other 50% had a sham operation. Two weeks after surgery,
      each mouse received weekly subcutaneous injections of a carcinogen
      (dimethylhydrazine, 20 mg/kg) for 12 weeks. After the treatment period, the mice
      were killed and their large bowels were examined. Evaluation of the results
      demonstrated that the mice that had a cholecystectomy and a high fat diet had the
      highest incidence (P less than 0.05) of colonic adenocarcinomas.

PMID- 3395957
TI  - Autopsy findings in AIDS-related lymphoma.
AB  - Autopsies in 20 patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)
      related lymphoma were studied retrospectively to ascertain the precise cause of
      death and the extent of lymphomatous disease. Eight patients had primary central
      nervous system (CNS) lymphoma: two of them were diagnosed antemortem; CNS
      lymphoma was suspected in three others by computerized tomographic (CT) scan and
      was confirmed at autopsy. The remaining three were diagnosed incidentally at
      autopsy. All had concurrent infections at autopsy, including opportunistic
      infection in six and pyogenic infections in two. Opportunistic infections at
      autopsy in these patients outnumbered those diagnosed clinically. Twelve patients
      had systemic lymphoma. Three were diagnosed only at autopsy, two of whom had
      extensive Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) as well. Eight patients were treated with
      chemotherapy, but died with disseminated disease. Opportunistic infections were
      found at autopsy in five patients. Secondary involvement of the CNS by lymphoma
      was frequent (66%) and was not related to previous bone marrow involvement. The
      authors conclude that the incidence of lymphoma occurring in AIDS may be more
      frequent than diagnosed clinically. Similarly, multiple opportunistic infections
      occur in these patients which are not diagnosed premortem and may contribute to
      early death.

PMID- 3395958
TI  - Flow cytometric DNA analysis of neuroblastoma and ganglioneuroma. A 10-year
      retrospective study.
AB  - Retrospective quantitative DNA analysis was done on 147 samples from 89 patients
      with neuroblastoma and ganglioneuroma using flow cytometry. In the neuroblastoma
      patients, nuclear DNA content was found to be a stable tumor marker irrespective
      of site (primary versus metastatic) and despite changes with time in tumor
      progression, maturation, or therapy. The occurrence of DNA aneuploidy, which was
      detected in 60% of the neuroblastoma patients, paralleled other favorable
      indicators and was highly associated with survival (P less than 0.001). Of
      clinical stage, age, primary site, sex, and DNA content, only stage and DNA
      content correlated with survival. Those patients with favorable stage and DNA
      aneuploidy had higher survival rates. Further, favorable stage and the presence
      of DNA aneuploidy were independent prognostic indicators. Abnormal DNA content
      was also detected in samples from ganglioneuromas in which significant numbers of
      ganglion cell nuclei were recovered. These results indicate a striking difference
      between neuroblastoma and adult tumors in which DNA aneuploidy is generally a
      poor prognostic sign and provide a molecular link between ganglioneuromas and
      their malignant counterparts.

PMID- 3395959
TI  - Prognostic factors in neuroblastoma. Clinical, histopathologic, and
      immunohistochemical features and DNA ploidy in relation to prognosis.
AB  - Tumor samples from 58 patients diagnosed and treated for neuroblastoma or
      ganglioneuroblastoma in a single institution from 1967 to 1981 were included in a
      study of prognostic factors. Histopathology, certain immunohistochemical markers,
      and DNA ploidy were evaluated along with clinical variables such as tumor stage,
      primary site, and patient's age at diagnosis. Children under 1.5 years of age at
      diagnosis had a much better prognosis than did older ones, and this variable was
      the best prognostic indicator. Tumor Stages I to II and IVS, primary tumor site
      above the diaphragm, and tumor differentiation were also related to a better
      prognosis. The Shimada classification was of no additional prognostic value in
      our study. Neither was the immunohistochemical marker pattern, but it was
      sometimes helpful in establishing the tumor diagnosis. Tumor-cell ploidy,
      however, seemed to afford additional prognostic information because the 11
      patients with aneuploid tumors under the age of 1.5 years at diagnosis all
      survived in contrast to only five of nine patients with diploid tumors in the
      same age group. It is possible that this was due to a better response to
      treatment in the aneuploid group. Our results suggest that patients with diploid
      neuroblastomas of undifferentiated histology and those over the age of 1.5 years
      at diagnosis might be selected for more intense treatment.

PMID- 3395960
TI  - Spontaneous regression of a small non-cleaved cell malignant lymphoma (non
      Burkitt's lymphoblastic lymphoma). Morphologic, immunohistological, and
      immunoglobulin gene analysis.
AB  - Complete spontaneous regression of high-grade malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is
      extremely unusual. In this report the authors describe a complete spontaneous
      remission after surgical excisional biopsy of a small noncleaved cell malignant
      lymphoma (non-Burkitt's lymphoblastic lymphoma) of the tonsil in a 12-year-old
      boy. The diagnosis was confirmed by immunohistologic and immunoglobulin gene
      analysis. Similar studies were performed on the cervical lymph node excised 2
      weeks later when spontaneous remission had occurred. The patient has remained in
      good health for over 3 years.

PMID- 3395961
TI  - Prevention of stomal recurrence in patients requiring emergency tracheostomy for
      advanced laryngeal and pharyngeal tumors.
AB  - Since 1976, patients requiring emergency tracheostomy for advanced laryngeal and
      hypopharyngeal cancer at the University of Cincinnati have been treated with a
      short course of prelaryngectomy radiation in an attempt to decrease the incidence
      of stomal recurrence. Twenty-one patients were treated after emergency
      tracheostomy with a course of radiation that usually consisted of 20 Gy in five
      fractions followed by laryngectomy 1 or 2 days later. Most patients also received
      postoperative radiotherapy of some type. The follow-up of 18 evaluable patients
      revealed only two (11%) stomal recurrences--a quite acceptable rate for this high
      risk population. Overall, however, local recurrences were seen in ten patients
      (56%), which is higher than reported in most series of similar tumors. The most
      likely explanation for this seems to be that the short course preoperative
      radiation prevented the administration of adequate postoperative radiation for
      residual disease, which was usually present. An alternative treatment policy
      would be a planned course of moderate- to high-dose postoperative radiation,
      which could sterilize tumor in the entire locoregional area including the stoma.

PMID- 3395962
TI  - Prognostic factors in head and neck melanoma. Effect of lesion location.
AB  - Cutaneous malignant melanomas of the head and neck are prognostically engimatic.
      In addition to known prognostic determinants of stage and lesion microstage,
      lesion location also appears to have prognostic importance. The authors have
      reviewed a series of 83 microstaged head and neck melanoma patients in order to
      analyze the relative importance of these factors. There were 36 males and 47
      females with a median age of 56 years. Eighty-one percent had pathologic Stage I
      disease, 7% were Stage II, and 12% were Stage III. The primary location was face
      in 32 patients, neck in 18, ear in 12, and scalp in 21 patients. The actuarial 5
      year survival according to lesion thickness was 86% for melanoma less than 1.0
      mm, 56% for 1 to 2 mm thick lesions, 47% for 2.1 to 4 mm thick lesions, and 25%
      for melanomas greater than 4.0 mm. The 5-year survival according to lesion
      location was 78% for facial and 58% for neck melanomas; for ear and scalp, the
      respective survivals were 33% and 37%. Median thickness was 2.0 mm for facial and
      1.85 mm for neck lesions. It was 2.7 mm for ear and 2.0 mm for scalp lesions
      (differences not significant). There were no microstage factors that correlated
      with the adverse prognosis seen with scalp and ear melanomas. Multivariate
      analysis in the entire series (all clinical stages) showed the following to be
      significant: stage, thickness, and location of the primary melanoma (all less
      than 0.0002). In clinical Stage I melanoma, the significant prognostic factors
      were location (P = 0.035), thickness (P = 0.008), level (P = 0.024), and
      ulceration (P = 0.035). The prognosis of head and neck melanoma is uniquely
      influenced by location of the primary lesions in addition to stage, thickness,
      level, and ulceration, as observed with other cutaneous melanomas at other sites.
      Ear and scalp melanomas are high-risk lesions whose poor prognosis is not readily
      explained by any of the microstage factors reviewed.

PMID- 3395963
TI  - Amino acid oxidation in the tumor-bearing rat.
AB  - It has been proposed that the presence of a tumor leads to uncontrolled oxidation
      of the branched chain amino acids in the peripheral tissue of the host animal.
      This was investigated in Buffalo strain rats bearing the tumor, Morris hepatoma
      5123tc. The rate of 14CO2 production from [1-14C] leucine was observed to be
      significantly increased in the tumor-bearing rats in vivo. This increase may be
      attributed to an observed increase in the activity of the rate-limiting enzyme of
      leucine oxidation (2-oxoisocaproate dehydrogenase) not only in host skeletal
      muscle but also in the tumor. In contrast, the oxidative capacities of host
      tissues (liver and muscle) towards tyrosine were, however, decreased by the
      presence of a tumor, an observation consistent with tumor induction of fetal-like
      changes in host tissue metabolism.

PMID- 3395964
TI  - The cerebral microvasculature of the rat: structure and luminal surface
      properties during early development.
AB  - The development of the cerebral microvasculature of the rat was studied during
      three successive postnatal periods, namely: 1) neonatal period, i.e., 1 to 9 days
      after birth (capillary sprouting period); 2) myelinization period, i.e., 10 to 20
      days; and 3) young adult period, i.e., 2 to 3 months. The survey covered
      structural aspects and distribution of binding sites for anionic or cationic
      probes and for albumin-gold complexes on the luminal surface of the microvascular
      endothelium. The salient results are: a) an extensive development of the
      endoplasmic reticulum of endothelial cells during the first period (presumably in
      relation with the production of basement membrane components); b) the high
      surface density of coated pits and coated vesicles that peaks during the
      myelinization period; c) the paucity of plasmalemmal vesicle and their
      differential distribution (their volume density is higher in the endothelium of
      arterioles than in that of capillaries and venules); d) the existence of an
      extensive smooth surface tubular system in the cytoplasm of endothelial cells,
      whose structural connections and functional significance remains to be
      established; and e) the presence of pericytes with elaborate interactions with
      endothelia in the early developmental periods. Labeling by perfused tracers
      indicates an uneven patchy distribution of binding sites for cationic ferritin
      (generally limited to the plasmalemma proper) and a more even distribution of
      binding sites for cationic and anionic hemeundecapeptides. Binding patterns did
      not change during the developmental periods studied. No binding sites were
      detected for albumin-gold complexes.

PMID- 3395965
TI  - Morphologic evidence that disruption of the Golgi apparatus in PFHR 9-tumor cells
      causes disturbance in the traffic through this organelle.
AB  - PFHR 9 is a murine teratocarcinoma-derived tumor which produces basement membrane
      components. Electron microscopy of the tumor cells disclosed a disorganization of
      the Golgi complex whose saccules, instead of being flattened, round up into 0.13
      micron-wide spherical vesicles (SV). Their shape does not permit the normal
      stacking of parallel cisternae, and thus these SV become intermingled with
      transport vesicles (TV) which measure 44 nm in diameter. The cytoplasm of these
      tumor cells contains numerous multivesicular bodies (MVB) of varying size
      (ranging from 0.3 to 2.6 micron), which occupy 7% of the cellular volume. These
      MBV are packed with very many small vesicles similar in all aspects to the TV,
      and also contain a few larger vesicles which resemble the altered Golgi saccules
      (SV). Since these MVB display morphologic evidence for gradual lysis of their
      contents and strongly react with the cytochemical method for acid phosphatase, it
      is assumed that MVB are autophagic vacuoles which result from the accumulation of
      TV. This seems to be a unique example of a disease of the Golgi stack, with
      consequent accumulation and disposal of this material via autophagic vacuoles.

PMID- 3395966
TI  - The platelet cytoskeleton: evidence for its structure from interactions with
      ZnCl2.
AB  - Isolation of platelet membranes and cytoskeletons in the presence of ZnCl2 as a
      stabilization agent, suggests that the 255 kd mol. wt. actin-binding-protein
      (rather than the 100 kd alpha-actinin-like constituent) may be involved in
      linkage of cellular cytoskeletal constituents to 105- and 120-kd membrane
      glycoproteins (presumed to be GP IIb and IIIa). Lack of detection in these
      preparations of a constituent that binds RBC alpha-spectrin antibody plus the
      presence of significant quantities of actin, further suggests that the principal
      membrane skeletal element is actin with perhaps smaller quantities of a 240-kd
      component, identified by others as the protein talin. Electron micrographs of
      platelets that have adhered to, partially spread on a substrate in the presence
      of ZnCl2, and have been jet washed with buffer, suggest the presence in these
      cells of both a membrane skeleton and a transcellular cytomatrix. The
      relationships between the membrane, membrane skeleton, transcellular cytomatrix
      and platelet granules are depicted in a proposed model (Fig. 9).

PMID- 3395967
TI  - Ultrastructural morphology of nontumorous prolactin cells in human pituitaries
      harboring prolactin-producing adenoma.
AB  - To study the effect of hyperprolactinemia on nontumorous prolactin cells, their
      morphology was investigated by transmission electron microscopy and morphometry
      in the nontumorous portion of seven human pituitaries containing prolactin
      producing adenoma. For cell identification, immunoelectron microscopy was applied
      using the immunogold labelling method. In five cases, nontumorous prolactin cells
      demonstrated features of inactivity, whereas in two cases they showed
      morphological features of active hormone secretion. Our findings are consistent
      with the view that prolactin regulates its own release from prolactin cells in
      the anterior pituitary via the short loop negative feedback mechanism.
      Hyperprolactinemia presumably activates the short loop feedback mechanism
      resulting in inhibition of nontumorous prolactin cell. However, in two cases,
      hyperactivity of nontumorous prolactin cells was observed suggesting a
      dysfunction of the feedback mechanism.

PMID- 3395968
TI  - Variability of mitochondrial cytochemistry in human neuromuscular diseases.
AB  - This study describes mitochondrial cytochemistry with reference to cytochrome c
      oxidase and NADH oxidase activities as well as calcium localization at
      subcellular level in a variety of human mitochondrial disorders. The enzyme
      activities, calcium homeostasis, and myofibrillary architecture were retained in
      the lipid storage myopathies with carnitine and carnitine palmityl transferase
      deficiency. The loss of enzyme reaction, excessive Ca++ deposit, and myonecrosis
      were the features of the group comprised of a variety of disorders with
      mitochondrial pathology (Kearns-Sayre's syndrome, chronic progressive
      ophthalmoplegia, polymyositis, neurogenic atrophy, and fascioscapulo humeral
      dystrophy). Based on these and our previous experimental study (Shah et al.,
      1985), we suggest that the human mitochondrial disorders may be grouped into two
      types: one in which the morphologically altered mitochondria retain the enzyme
      activities and Ca++ homeostasis and the other in which the altered mitochondria
      associated with muscle necrosis represent the loss/reduction of the enzyme
      activities as well as Ca++ homeostasis.

PMID- 3395969
TI  - On the role of the nucleus in the structural organization of the cell: dispersion
      and rearrangement of the Golgi complex in cytoplasts treated with
      antimicrotubular drugs.
AB  - Using cytochemical and electron microscopic techniques, it was shown that
      enucleated L929 fibroblasts retained a radiating pattern of microtubules as well
      as a large and circumscribed Golgi complex for at least one day. At the same
      time, the number of ribosomes and the overall size of the rough endoplasmic
      reticulum were reduced, probably as a result of the arrest in production of new
      mRNA. Treatment of the cytoplasts with either of the microtubule-disruptive drugs
      colchicine or nocodazole led to loss of microtubules, aggregation of intermediate
      filaments in large bundles, and a characteristic disorganization of the Golgi
      complex with spreading of its constituent stacks of cisternae throughout the
      cytoplasm. After withdrawal of the drugs, microtubules reappeared, intermediate
      filament bundles disaggregated, and the Golgi complex resumed a morphology
      comparable to that of cells kept in normal medium during the entire experiment.
      In all these respects, the cytoplasts behaved in a similar way as nucleated
      cells. The observations confirm earlier notions of a role of the microtubular
      cytoskeleton in the organization of the Golgi complex. They further indicate that
      the information needed to support the normal structure and interaction of these
      organelle systems is present in the cytoplasm and does not require the physical
      presence of the nucleus, nor continuous nuclear activity, i.e. transcription and
      processing of mRNA.

PMID- 3395970
TI  - Calcium distribution in aortic smooth muscle cells of deoxycorticosterone
      hypertensive rats. A quantitative cytochemical study.
AB  - The effect of deoxycorticosterone (DOC)-induced hypertension on the calcium
      content within the aorta was studied before the increase in pressure (one week)
      and after the pressure had reached hypertensive levels (4 weeks). The volume
      density of free calcium detected ultrastructurally by pyroantimonate
      precipitation was quantitated by stereological techniques in aortic smooth muscle
      cells. An increase in the volume density of electron opaque precipitate was
      observed in the cytoplasm at one week of DOC treatment when neither the systolic
      blood pressure, the thickness of the media nor volume fraction of medial smooth
      muscle as compared to the extracellular space was increased significantly. The
      total aortic calcium as measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy was not
      increased at one week. By 4 weeks when the rats were hypertensive, the
      cytoplasmic free calcium in the smooth muscle cells and the number of
      peripherally-located cytoplasmic vesicles with precipitate was increased
      significantly. Total aortic calcium was also increased significantly in the DOC
      saline group but not in the DOC group drinking tap water or in the saline
      drinking controls. An elevation of calcium within the cytoplasm of vascular
      smooth muscle cells may precede the development of hypertension and play a role
      in the pathogenesis of the increased blood pressure, increased medial thickness
      and hypertrophy of the vascular smooth muscle cells.

PMID- 3395972
TI  - The increase in the number of liver sinusoidal pit cells in four patients with
      primary or metastatic cancer of the liver.
AB  - Four patients with liver carcinoma (case 1: hepatocellular carcinoma; cases 2 and
      3: metastases; case 4: adenocarcinoma possibly of hepatic origin) underwent a
      wedge liver biopsy taken at some distance from the tumor. Liver histology was
      normal in cases 2 and 3. Sinusoids were dilated in case 4. Fibrosis formed
      bridges between portal tracts in case 1. In all 4 cases, sinusoids contained
      lymphocytic cells. By electron microscopy (perfusion-fixation with
      glutaraldehyde) numerous lymphocytes could be identified as pit cells with
      characteristic dense granules and occasional rod-cored vesicles. The majority of
      the pit cells were luminal cells in contact with endothelial or Kupffer cells;
      some were in the Disse space. It is now accepted that pit cells are resident
      large granular lymphocytes with natural killer activity. The increase in the
      number of pit cells in liver carcinoma compared to the number observed in the
      control group (uncomplicated gallbladder lithiasis) could be hypothetically
      interpreted as a defense mechanism against tumor extension.

PMID- 3395971
TI  - The structure of Schwann cells in unmyelinated fibres. A qualitative and
      quantitative electron microscope study.
AB  - The structure, size and distribution of many cytoplasmic components of Schwann
      cells associated with unmyelinated axons in lizard thoracic spinal roots were
      analysed under the electron microscope. The percentages of Schwann cell
      cytoplasmic area occupied by the following cytoplasmic components were
      determined: mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, granular endoplasmic reticulum,
      multivesicular bodies, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, lipofuscin granules,
      peroxisome-like bodies, autophagic vacuoles, dense bodies and lipid droplets. A
      linear correlation was found between the sectional areas of the mitochondria and
      granular endoplasmic reticulum of the Schwann cell and both length of Schwann
      cell plasma membrane profile and size of the related axoplasm. The structure of
      Schwann cells associated with unmyelinated axons and that of Schwann cells
      associated with myelinated axons were compared in the same species and in the
      same region of the peripheral nervous system using the same fixative and the same
      preparation technique. Some differences were detected in the organization of the
      granular endoplasmic reticulum, in the presence of cilia and in the percentages
      of cytoplasm occupied by various components. The hypothesis that Schwann cell
      mitochondria and granular endoplasmic reticulum are involved in the production
      and storage of proteins for the plasma membrane of this cell as well as the
      hypothesis that these organelles are involved in the production and storage of
      protein metabolites which are subsequently transferred to the related axons seem
      applicable not only to Schwann cells associated with myelinated axons (Pannese et
      al., in press), but also to those associated with unmyelinated ones.

PMID- 3395973
TI  - Variation in intramembranous particle distribution in the cell membrane of the
      sperm head of the plains rat and western chestnut mouse (Pseudomys Spp.).
AB  - Freeze-fracture studies were used to investigate the size, density, and
      distribution of intramembranous particles (IMPs) in the plasma membrane of the
      sperm head of two species of Australian hydromyine rodents Pseudomys australis
      and P. nanus both of which are characterized by having, in addition to a dorsal
      hook, two long ventral hooks that extend from the antero-concave surface. It was
      found that on the P face of the plasma membrane over the dorsal hook of caput and
      upper corpus spermatozoa a paracrystalline arrangement of small, approximately
      7nm, IMPs were interspersed with a few large, 9 to 12 nm, IMPs. In the cauda
      epididymidis the small particles became randomly arranged. On the P face of the
      plasma membrane over the ventral hooks of caput sperm, and in the postacrosomal
      region, a much higher density of large, 9 to 12 nm, IMPs was present. In the
      ventral hooks of cauda sperm the IMPs were increased even further and were
      arranged in short, variably orientated, ridges; this did not appear to be evident
      in the plasma membrane over the postacrosomal region. It suggests a change in
      distribution of the IMPs in the cell membrane over the ventral hooks, but not
      over the postacrosomal region, during epididymal transit of the spermatozoa. This
      may indicate that the plasma membrane of these two regions of the head of
      ejaculated spermatozoa has intrinsic differences in its structure and function.

PMID- 3395974
TI  - Ultrastructure of the surface of the organum vasculosum laminae terminalis in
      different animal species.
AB  - A scanning electron microscope study was made of the surface of the organum
      vasculosum laminae terminalis of the rat, dog and cat. The ependyma of this
      organ, in all three species, is lacking in cilia or is only monociliate; it
      exhibits numerous supraependymal processes and cell bodies and in the different
      species studied there are differences that affect the number, size and
      distribution of the supraependymal cells. There is a great richness of vessels in
      the supraepedymal layer of the organum vasculosum laminae terminalis.

PMID- 3395975
TI  - The gill arch of the striped bass, Morone saxatilis. III. Morphology of the basal
      lamina as revealed by various ultrasonic microdissection procedures.
AB  - The ultrastructure of the surface epithelium and the associated basal lamina of
      the gill arches of the striped bass, Morone saxatilis, were investigated with the
      scanning electron microscope following complete or partial removal of the
      epithelium by ultrasonic microdissection. The microdissection procedures employed
      various combinations of the techniques of aldehyde fixation, treatment with
      borate, and extensive osmication followed by mild sonication. Generally, aldehyde
      fixation increases intercellular adhesion, excess osmication increases tissues
      brittleness, and borate treatment causes extensive tissue dissociation. However,
      the degree of epithelial removal following sonication of tissues treated with
      these various procedures varies considerably with specimen structure, shape,
      proximity to adjacent structures and freedom to vibrate during sonication. The
      basal lamina exhibits a smooth contour over most of the gill surface with the
      exception of the short gill rakers where it formed cones within the taste bud
      cores, and on the respiratory lamellae where it closely mimicked the underlying
      capillary network.

PMID- 3395976
TI  - In vivo cell interactions with calcium phosphate bioceramics.
AB  - Biointegration, resorption process, and solubility in physiological environments
      of calcium phosphate materials are scarcely described by ultrastructural studies.
      In vivo cells interactions with calcium phosphate materials are scarcely
      described by ultrastructural studies. In vivo cells interactions with calcium
      phosphate biomaterials are mediated by different proteins from physiological
      fluid, and in order to observe at the ultrastructural level the cell
      colonization, the resorption, process and the biointegration, we used in these
      experiments calcium phosphate materials precoated with fibronectin or not
      precoated. Two kinds of well determined materials were used for this study, Beta
      tricalcium phosphate (B-TCP) and hydroxyapatite (HAP). The implants were soaked
      in human fibronectin diluted solution and were implanted in the connective tissue
      of rabbit abdomen. Our results showed that the fibroblasts and macrophagous++
      cells interaction with the calcium phosphate crystal (B-TCP and HAP) was more
      important in the experiments with a fibronectin bilayer. In the presence of
      fibronectin at the grains surface of the material, cystic cavities' or fibrous
      encapsulation was suppressed and cells with fibers were in close contact with the
      material. The presence of fibronectin immediately after implantation seemed to
      increase the adhesion and the cell colonization. Fibronectin creates an organic
      interface between crystals and cells, and can promote interactions from cells and
      biomaterials.

PMID- 3395977
TI  - The barrier systems in the choroidal plexuses of the chick embryo studied by
      means of horseradish peroxidase.
AB  - The development of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and cerebrospinal fluid
      blood barriers, and the differentiation of the choroidal vessel wall, have been
      ultrastructurally investigated in the choroidal plexuses of the lateral
      ventricles of 10, 15, 18 and 21 day chicken embryos, fixed in normal conditions
      and also after intracardial and intraventricular injection of horseradish
      peroxidase. In all the analyzed developmental stages the choroidal epithelial
      cells seem able to endocytose and degradate, in their lysosomal apparatus, the
      tracer molecules reaching their ventricular and basolateral sides. The
      intravascularly injected horseradish peroxidase can enter the ventricular cavity
      by interepithelial route only at 10th incubation day, when the tight
      intercellular junctions are not formed everywhere, while a transepithelial
      transport is always hindered. The marker injected into the ventricular cavity
      reaches the subepithelial compartment and the blood stream, at 10th incubation
      day by interepithelial as well as transepithelial route and, successively, by
      transepithelial vesicular transport alone. The differentiation processes
      undergone by the choroidal blood vessels consist in a progressive thinning of the
      endothelial cells, appearance of pores, already numerous at 15th incubation day,
      and formation of the endothelial basement lamina, the final event in vessel wall
      maturation.

PMID- 3395978
TI  - Intercellular junctions in the follicular envelope of the teleost, Brachydanio
      rerio.
AB  - The nature and distribution of intercellular junctions in the outer ovarian
      epithelium (serosa, mesothelium), endothelium, and follicle cells of the teleost
      oocyte-follicle complex were investigated by freeze-fracture electron microscopy.
      Tight-junctions were common between outer squamous epithelial cells, sometimes
      closely associated with intercalated foci of communicating junctions. The tight
      junctions consisted of one to several sealing strands which possessed focal
      discontinuities. In addition, the strands existed as loops or as short, free
      ending elements; a condition that could indicate lability in their assembly or
      disassembly. The presence of free-ending strands could also mean that the
      structure serves for attachment as well as involved in the formation of occluding
      zonules. The free ends of some bars comprising the tight junctional strands are
      enlarged slightly. In outer ovarian epithelial or serosal cells, as is the case
      for mammalian mesothelium described by others, clusters of particles comprising
      communicating (gap) junctions are often intercalated within or are located in
      close proximity to tight junctional strands. In freeze-cleaved replicas, the
      outer squamous epithelial (serosal) cells contained a multitude of
      micropinocytotic pits (caveolae) and vesicles. Capillary endothelium also
      contains tight junctional components which are often closely associated with
      communicating junctions. Tight junctions also exist between follicle cells, but
      their structure changes during oocyte growth. Communicating junctions between
      follicle cells tend to be focal in distribution and not closely associated with
      tight junctions.

PMID- 3395979
TI  - Ultrastructure of the protonephridia of Monocelis (Proseriata, Monocelididae).
AB  - The ultrastructure of the protonephridia of Monocelis sp. (Platyhelminthes,
      Proseriata) is described. The terminal part of the protonephridia ('terminal
      complex') consists of a terminal cell, a proximal canal cell and at least one
      supporting cell. The nucleus of the terminal cell is close to the rootlets of the
      cilia which form the flame. The weir consists of longitudinal external (small)
      and internal (large) ribs containing cross-striated microfilaments and connected
      by a membrane. External ribs arise from cytoplasm of the terminal cell, internal
      ribs from the proximal canal cell, although continuity of an internal rib and a
      terminal cell was observed in one case. The terminal cell also gives rise to
      internal leptotriches. Two thick cytoplasmic cords connected by a desmosome
      extend along much of the flame. A maximum of two supporting cells with nuclei
      close to the weir were found along the weir, separated from it by cell membranes.
      Cells with nuclei some distance from the weir may be in contact with the weir as
      well. The internal surface area of protonephridial capillaries is enlarged by
      lamellae and reticula. The wall of some but not all capillaries possesses one or
      several desmosomes. There are many lateral flames. Differences between the
      protonephridia of Monocelis and other 'turbellarians' and the Neodermata are
      discussed.

PMID- 3395980
TI  - Chronic intracellular leucocytoclastic bacterial vitritis. A transmission
      electron microscopic study of the monocytes.
AB  - Vitritis, the presence of leucocytes in the acellular ocular vitreous, often
      accompanies ocular vasculitis (V). Non-cultivatable intracellular mollicutes (M),
      i.e. cell wall deficient bacteria, readily identified by transmission electron
      microscopy (TEM), are well known plant vascular pathogens. Recently similar
      intracellular polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNL) and lymphocytes (L)
      parasitising/destroying and mouse ocular and lethal systemic V producing M-like
      bacteria were reported to be a common cause of human ocular V. In this TEM
      restudy of 8 human and 3 mouse VM induced chronic ocular V materials severe
      nuclear and cytoplasmic alterations associated with generalized cytoskeletal
      nuclear-anchoring 0.005-0.010 micron particles, 0.01-0.05 micron diameter
      branching filaments and tubules, and trilaminar membrane bound complex internal
      structure containing 0.1-1.9 micron spherules, all indistinguishable from VM,
      were observed within 1-3% of the monocytes in all 11 specimens. The results
      indicate that VM also parasitise and destroy both human and mouse monocytes. VM
      induced alterations in monocytes, PMNL, and L are compared, and the monocyte
      nuclear damage/Rifampin beneficial effect relationship in VM induced ocular V is
      discussed.

PMID- 3395981
TI  - Acute leukemia of megakaryocyte lineage (M7).

PMID- 3395982
TI  - Cytogenetic study of rectosigmoidal adenocarcinomas.
AB  - Ten cases of primary rectosigmoidal adenocarcinoma were cytogenetically studied
      by G-banding technique using direct tumor cell preparations. All cases exhibited
      both numerical and structural chromosomal aberrations. Chromosomes commonly
      involved were, according to frequency, #3 and #8 (eight cases each), #1 (seven
      cases), #6 (six cases), and #7 (five cases). Similar or identical marker
      chromosomes were frequently identified, and it is noteworthy that i(8q) was found
      in five out of ten cases studied. The possible specificity of chromosome 8q in
      rectosigmoidal adenocarcinomas is discussed.

PMID- 3395983
TI  - Cytogenetic studies on acute nonlymphocytic leukemia in relapse.
AB  - Karyotypic abnormalities were compared in 42 acute nonlymphocytic leukemia
      patients at diagnosis and in relapse. Clonal changes were observed in 21 cases.
      The types of changes were the appearance of clonal abnormalities in relapse in
      four patients without clonal changes at diagnosis, the detection of new
      abnormalities superimposed on preexisting ones in 11 cases, and the selection of
      an abnormal clone in six others. Nonclonal structural abnormalities, mainly
      involving chromosomes 17 and 12p, were detected in relapse in 17 patients,
      compared to seven at diagnosis. The appearance of totally new clonal changes at
      relapse and the role of individual sensitivity to chemotherapy are discussed.

PMID- 3395984
TI  - Abnormally banded region in a poorly differentiated sarcoma is not correlated
      with amplification of c-MYC or c-MOS protooncogenes.
AB  - A poorly differentiated sarcoma in a 32-year-old female revealed a large,
      abnormally banded region in one chromosome #8 in all metaphases. The modal
      karyotype was 46,XX, -8, +mar. Southern blot hybridization was performed with
      probes for two protooncogenes located in chromosome 8q (c-MYC and c-MOS). No
      amplification or rearrangement was observed to account for the cytogenetic
      abnormality.

PMID- 3395985
TI  - A case of myxoid liposarcoma with translocation t(12;16) as the only abnormality.

PMID- 3395986
TI  - A complex translocation involving chromosomes 12 and 16 in a metastatic myxoid
      liposarcoma.

PMID- 3395987
TI  - Genomic defects in nonfamilial renal cell carcinoma. Possible specific chromosome
      change.
AB  - Using a newly developed combined method of enzymatic technique and short-term
      tissue culture, 30 tumor specimens from 26 patients with nonfamilial renal cell
      carcinoma were subjected to cytogenetic analysis. Of the 26 patients, 19 had
      chromosomally abnormal tumors, four (including two oncocytomas) were normal, and
      three did not grow. The modal chromosome numbers ranged from 44 to 98 (including
      two pseudotetraploids). Banding analysis revealed 38 clonal aberrations and ten
      nonclonal aberrations. Abnormalities were of structure and number. The most
      consistent clonal abnormality was a trisomy or tetrasomy chromosome 7 occurring
      in tumors from 15 of the 19 patients with cytogenetically abnormal tumors. In
      four cases, trisomy 7 was the only visible abnormality observed, and in an
      additional five it was the only abnormality in two or more cells. An abnormal
      chromosome 3 was found in ten (38%) of the cases. Two were trisomic for #3, two
      were monosomic, three were hyperdiploid, and three had interstitial deletions
      with breakpoints clustered from p11 to p25. In only one case was a deleted #3 the
      only abnormality observed in a clone of cells. Loss of the sex chromosome was
      seen in eight (35%) of the 23 chromosomally abnormal cases including all four
      (100%) patients with bilateral disease. One of the patients with bilateral
      disease had an abnormal clone with monosomy X as the only abnormality. These data
      suggest that trisomy or tetrasomy 7 more often represents the specific primary
      abnormality than abnormalities of either chromosome 3 or the sex chromosomes.
      From this, a model of chromosomal progression may be constructed for nonfamilial
      renal cell carcinoma, which could assist in pathologic classification and
      prognostic and therapeutic considerations.

PMID- 3395988
TI  - The behavior of heterochromatin in mouse and human nuclei.
AB  - The arrangement of heterochromatin in various human and mouse nuclei has been
      analyzed with C banding. In most nuclei of 7-day mouse trophoblast, the
      heterochromatin consists of twin dots, or bigger clumps, apparently attached to
      the nuclear membrane. This finding agrees with the observation that most of these
      nuclei, which range from diploid to highly polyploid, show endomitotic stages. No
      polarization of heterochromatin in a Rabl orientation is seen in the trophoblast
      nuclei. Neither is a Rabl orientation found in the interphases of cultured human
      lymphocytes or fibroblasts. From their telophase arrangement, the chromosomes
      have obviously spread rapidly around the nuclear membrane. In many of the giant
      mouse trophoblast cells in vivo and in vitro, heterochromatin is apparently
      underreplicated. The same is true of giant cells in human hydatidiform moles and
      cervical cancer. Of the 82 cervical cancers analyzed, 46 showed chromocenters,
      and each tumor was characterized by its own pattern of heterochromatin.

PMID- 3395989
TI  - Reassignment of a cancer family syndrome gene to chromosome 18.

PMID- 3395990
TI  - Translocation t(12;19)(q13;q13.3). A new recurrent abnormality in acute
      nonlymphocytic leukemia with atypical erythropoiesis.
AB  - A new reciprocal, apparently balanced translocation between chromosomes 12 and
      19, t(12;19)(q13;q13.3), was detected in 5% (3/59) of patients with FAB M1 or M2
      acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. In either case, this translocation was part of
      complex but different cytogenetic abnormalities. None of the patients had a
      significant response to therapy. In one instance, however, the translocation was
      found at first relapse after 2 years of complete remission, and no information
      regarding the karyotype at disease onset was available. Hematologically common to
      these patients were marked marrow erythroid hyperplasia and severely abnormal
      erythropoiesis despite normal serum B12 and folate levels. A direct association
      between t(12;19) and these hematologic findings will have to be established as
      more cases with this chromosomal abnormality are identified.

PMID- 3395991
TI  - Trisomy 4 in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. An Australian case.
AB  - We report a case of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, type M4 according to the FAB
      classification, whose cytogenetics showed trisomy 4 and multiple double minute
      chromosomes. The patient gave no history of exposure to toxic or carcinogenic
      substances.

PMID- 3395992
TI  - Translocation t(11;21)(q24;q11.2) is a new nonrandomly occurring chromosome
      change in myelodysplastic syndromes.
AB  - An identical translocation, t(11;21)(q24;q11.2), has been observed in three
      patients with a myelodysplastic syndrome. In all cases, duplication of the 11q+
      marker and loss of the normal chromosome 11 were observed either at diagnosis or
      during the evolution of the disease. This apparently characteristic chromosome
      abnormality has not been previously described.

PMID- 3395993
TI  - Formation of double minutes by breakdown of a homogeneously staining region in a
      refractory anemia with excess blasts.
AB  - A patient suffering from refractory anemia with excess blasts in transformation
      had four different bone marrow karyotypes. These were 46,XY; 45,X,-Y; 45,X,-Y, 5q
      ,19q+; and 43,X,-Y,-9,-17,5q-,+dmin. The most plausible explanation for this is
      proposed to be formation of a homogeneously staining region on chromosome #19,
      followed by its breakdown into double minutes.

PMID- 3395994
TI  - Translocation t(3;4)(q26;q21) in myelodysplastic syndrome with megakaryoblastic
      proliferation.
AB  - A 74-year-old Japanese male with a 4-year history of refractory anemia with
      excess of blasts is reported here. Chromosome study revealed the bone marrow
      cells of this patient to contain a t(3;4)(q26;q21). Ultrastructural analysis of
      platelet peroxidase and immunocytochemical study using monoclonal antibody for
      platelet antigen revealed a large number of blasts in the bone marrow to be
      megakaryoblasts. Thus, this case was thought to be one of a myelodysplastic
      syndrome with excess of blasts including megakaryoblastic proliferation showing
      chromosome changes at 3q26 and 4q21. The relationship of the anomaly on the long
      arm of a chromosome #3, especially at band 3q26, to abnormal megakaryoblastic
      proliferation is discussed.

PMID- 3395995
TI  - Population analysis of karyotypic heterogeneity of the Raji Burkitt lymphoma cell
      line. Analysis of 100 karyotypes.
AB  - A constant lymphoblastoid line Raji (Burkitt lymphoma) has been used as a model
      for population cytogenetic studies. In analyzing 100 G-banded metaphase plates,
      four karyotypically distinct clones of cells with 48 chromosomes have been
      recognized, forming a modal class. In tracing the origin of marker chromosomes
      (in all 15), the presence of material specific for Burkitt chromosome markers
      14q+ and 8q- has been shown. The application of the method of karyotype
      reconstruction has shown a uniformity in the overall chromosome material of all
      four groups of cells despite a different set of normal and marker chromosomes.
      The presence of 40% of cells with unique structural rearrangements (USR)
      demonstrated, to a significant extent, the structural instability of chromosomes
      in Raji cells. The nonrandom nature of distribution of "hot spots" along the
      chromosomes in the process of formation of both markers and USR has been shown. A
      preferential involvement of chromosomes #6, #7, and #8, as well as of separate
      regions 1p32, 6q15, 11q13, and 21p13 has been recorded. This report discusses
      aspects of karyotypic heterogeneity of cell populations in vitro and structural
      instability of regions of chromosomes #1 and #11, that coincide with the
      localization of the oncogene L-MYC or sequence BLYM-1 and the oncogene BCL-1.

PMID- 3395996
TI  - Translocation t(4;11) and morphologically Burkitt-like blasts.

PMID- 3395997
TI  - Cytogenetic characterization of an established xenografted prostatic
      adenocarcinoma cell line (PC-82).
AB  - Detailed cytogenetic analysis was performed of a xenografted human prostatic
      adenocarcinoma cell line PC-82. A direct preparation method was developed that
      yielded metaphases of good quality. Flow cytometric data and banding analysis of
      metaphases showed a near-tetraploid karyotype with 18 consistent marker
      chromosomes. As a result of the rearrangements involved, parts of chromosomes 2,
      3, 4, 7, 9, 10, 15, 18, and 21 were homozygous, while regions on 2p, 13q, and 17q
      were apparently completely lost. In contrast to this, some regions on #2, #5,
      and, especially, on #1 were present in three or even four times the normal copy
      number. Comparison of affected chromosomes in PC-82 with all data available on
      prostatic carcinoma showed chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 10, and 15 to be involved
      in rearrangements in over 50% of all prostatic carcinomas. When only data from
      primary prostatic adenocarcinomas (including PC-82) were taken into account it
      appeared that chromosomes 1, 7, and 10 were involved in all five primary tumors
      studied.

PMID- 3395998
TI  - Formation of S-adenosylethionine in liver of rats chronically fed with DL
      ethionine.
AB  - The early changes in the metabolism of L-ethionine were examined in rats
      preexposed to chronic administration of DL-ethionine. The capacity of liver to
      accumulate S-adenosylethionine after a single injection of L-ethionine decreases
      rapidly from the onset of the carcinogenic regimen. This drop is caused by
      diminished S-adenosylethionine synthesis, a consequence of lower activity of the
      ATP-L-methionine adenosyltransferase. This change is accompanied by the rapid
      increase of the concentration of free ethionine and ethionine sulfoxide. The
      concentration of hepatic ATP depends in the control animals on the L-ethionine
      dose and is inversely related to the S-adenosylethionine concentration, but in DL
      ethionine-pretreated rats it becomes gradually independent of the L-ethionine
      dose. The alterations in L-ethionine metabolism observed are not attributed to
      the change in the ratio of hepatocytes to oval cells but rather to the functional
      alterations of hepatocytes.

PMID- 3395999
TI  - Mechanism of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II)-induced cytotoxicity: role of G2
      arrest and DNA double-strand breaks.
AB  - DNA has been implicated as the critical target for cis
      diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cis-DDP)-induced cytotoxicity. In vitro, DNA
      platinum adducts inhibit DNA synthesis. An assessment of the inhibition of DNA
      synthesis in murine leukemia L1210 cells demonstrated that, although cell
      division was halted, DNA replication continued for a period of time. The DNA
      underwent almost a complete doubling even in cells that did not divide. Flow
      cytometric analysis demonstrated a slowed synthetic phase which progressed to a
      block in the G2 phase of the cell cycle. The duration of the G2 block was
      proportional to the concentration of cis-DDP. Low concentrations of cis-DDP
      caused the cells to be transiently blocked in the G2 phase for 24 to 48 h. Higher
      concentrations of cis-DDP resulted in a G2 arrest that was not reversed by 96 h.
      After this time, the arrested cells appeared to disintegrate, rather than
      recover. Cell survival and trypan blue exclusion studies indicated that, at low
      drug concentrations, cells which had transiently arrested in the G2 phase
      survived, while at higher concentrations only a limited number of survivors were
      responsible for the observed recovery of growth. Analysis of DNA double-strand
      breaks showed that significant numbers of breaks only occurred at concentrations
      of cis-DDP that subsequently led to debris detectable on the flow cytometer and
      to loss of trypan blue exclusion. The formation of these breaks appeared to be
      the first detectable change that was indicative of cell death. It is proposed
      that cells arrest in the G2 phase because they are unable to transcribe damaged
      DNA and make mRNA essential for passage into mitosis. DNA repair probably
      overcomes this arrest. Cell death may therefore be a consequence of the inability
      to adequately recover transcription.

PMID- 3396000
TI  - Differences in DNA alkylation products formed in sensitive and resistant human
      glioma cells treated with N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitrosourea.
AB  - The distribution of alkylated deoxynucleosides and bases has been determined in
      the DNA of a sensitive and a resistant human glioma-derived cell line exposed to
      therapeutic levels of [3H]N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitrosourea in vitro. The resistant
      cell line is 5-fold less sensitive to the cytotoxic effects of N-(2-chloroethyl)
      N-nitrosourea and 8-fold less sensitive to sister chromatid exchange than the
      sensitive cell line. In comparison with the sensitive cells, DNA from the
      resistant cells contains much less of the cross-link, 1-(3-deoxycytidyl),2-(1
      deoxyguanosinyl)ethane. DNA from the resistant cells also contains significantly
      fewer minor base modifications. The decrease in 1-(3-deoxycytidyl),2-(1
      deoxyguanosinyl)ethane cross-link formation is probably explained by the higher
      level of O6-alkyltransferase in the resistant cell line. The lower levels of
      other DNA modifications could be explained by the presence of higher levels of
      other DNA repair activities.

PMID- 3396001
TI  - Effect of endogenous glutathione, superoxide dismutases, catalase, and
      glutathione peroxidase on adriamycin tolerance of Chinese hamster ovary cells.
AB  - Based on the concept that activated oxygen species are causally involved in
      Adriamycin toxicity, endogenous antioxidant defenses are expected to be important
      determinants of cellular Adriamycin tolerance. We have tested this prediction by
      making use of an oxygen-resistant variant subline of Chinese hamster ovary cells
      (CHOr), which is characterized by increased levels of glutathione, copper- and
      zinc-containing superoxide dismutase, manganese-containing superoxide dismutase,
      catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. The levels of antioxidant defenses in wild
      type CHO (CHOs) cells were within the range reported for human tumor cell lines,
      except for catalase, which was comparatively high. Oxygen-tolerant CHOr cells,
      which contained 4.3-fold more catalase activity than CHOs cells, were
      proportionally more resistant to H2O2, indicating that catalase activity in wild
      type CHOs cells was still limiting H2O2 tolerance. The Adriamycin sensitivity of
      CHOs cells was compared to that of CHOr cells by clonogenic cell survival. After
      correcting for differential drug uptake in CHOs and CHOr cells, no significant
      difference in Adriamycin sensitivity could be detected. Furthermore, drug-induced
      cyanide-resistant oxygen consumption and electron spin resonance data indicated
      that both cell strains were equally efficient in reducing Adriamycin to its
      semiquinone radical and in generating activated oxygen species through oxidation
      reduction cycling. These results indicate that Adriamycin tolerance of wild-type
      CHO cells, as determined by clonogenic cell survival, is not limited by
      endogenous glutathione, copper- and zinc-containing superoxide dismutase,
      manganese-containing superoxide dismutase, catalase, or glutathione peroxidase.

PMID- 3396002
TI  - Metallothionein induction and deinduction in human prostatic carcinoma cells:
      relationship with resistance and sensitivity to adriamycin.
AB  - Human prostate carcinoma cell line DU-145 was used to examine the relationship
      between the intracellular levels of cysteine-rich metallothionein (MT) and the
      sensitivity or resistance of cells to Adriamycin (ADR). The basis for the poor
      response of human prostate carcinomas to ADR was studied. Cadmium-resistant (Cdr)
      cells, capable of growth in 10(-5) M cadmium, were derived from DU-145 cadmium
      sensitive (Cds) cells, by exposure to increasing concentrations of cadmium. The
      relative rates of MT synthesis were measured by L-[35S]cysteine incorporation and
      MT separation by high-performance liquid chromatography. Cdr cells, continuously
      exposed to cadmium, show a steady-state rate of MT synthesis (designated as
      control = 100%) which is 3.5 times the basal rate in Cds cells (29%). Dose
      response curves, using clonal and cell count assays, show that the dose levels
      required to produce inhibition of growth to 50% and 90% of control, respectively,
      of ADR for Cdr cells (19.00 and 132.0 ng/ml) are 1.5 to 1.7 times those for Cds
      cells (12.5 and 77.5 ng/ml). In the absence of cadmium, deinduction of MT occurs
      with MT synthesis declining, after 70 and 118 h, to 29% and 19% of control.
      Correspondingly, in such deinduced cells (Cdr minus cadmium), the 50% inhibitory
      doses of ADR in clonal and growth assays are 3.5 and 4.8 ng/ml, respectively.
      Thus, deinduced cells are 3 and 4 times more sensitive to ADR than Cds and Cdr
      cells. This increased sensitivity is explained by the rapid and marked inhibition
      of MT synthesis upon exposure to ADR, even in the presence of cadmium, so that
      after 6 and 10 h in the presence of 10 ng/ml of ADR, the rates drop to 62% and
      19% of control. On the basis of these results, we propose that: (a) the increased
      levels of MT increase the resistance of Cdr cells to ADR and that this may be
      partly responsible for the poor response of prostate carcinomas to ADR; (b) MT
      deinduction results in increased sensitivity to ADR; and (c) ADR inhibits MT
      synthesis. Thus, it is suggested that a treatment regimen consisting of ADR
      exposure followed by a second exposure, during increased ADR sensitivity, may be
      effective for growth inhibition of slow-growing prostatic carcinomas.

PMID- 3396003
TI  - Increased cytotoxicity and reversal of resistance to cis-diamminedichloro
      platinum(II) with entrapment of cis-Bis-neodecanoato-trans-R,R-1,2
      diaminocyclohexaneplatinum (II) in multilamellar lipid vesicles.
AB  - The role of liposome entrapment in modulating the cytotoxicity of a lipophilic
      cisplatin derivative was assessed. cis-Bis-neodecanoato-trans-R,R-1,2
      diaminocyclohexaneplatinum++ +(II) (NDDP) was tested in suspension (free NDDP) or
      entrapped in multilamellar vesicles composed of dimyristoylphosphatidyl choline
      and dimyristoylphosphatidyl glycerol (L-NDDP). Against LoVo colon carcinoma cells
      sensitive to cisplatin, L-NDDP was two times more cytotoxic in vitro than free
      NDDP and cisplatin (Do 7 microM for L-NDDP, 15 microM for free NDDP, and 16
      microM for cisplatin). Against LoVo cells resistant to a concentration of 3
      micrograms/ml of cisplatin, L-NDDP was three times more cytotoxic than free NDDP
      and cisplatin (Do 14 microM for L-NDDP, 45 microM for free NDDP, and 48 microM
      for cisplatin). In in vivo studies, free NDDP was less potent and less active
      than L-NDDP against i.p. L-1210 leukemia (free NDDP, optimum %T/C 148 at a dose
      of 75 mg/kg; L-NDDP, optimum %T/C 185 at a dose of 25 mg/kg) and i.p. L1210/PDD
      leukemia (free NDDP, optimum %T/C 128 at a dose of 50 mg/kg on Days 1, 5, and 9;
      L-NDDP, optimum %T/C 200 at a dose of 12.5 mg/kg on Days 1, 5, and 9). Free NDDP
      administered i.v. was inactive against liver metastases of M5076 reticulosarcoma
      (%T/C 102) while L-NDDP showed significant activity (%T/C 140). The single dose
      i.v. LD50 in mice of free NDDP and L-NDDP were similar (79.4 mg/kg for free NDDP
      and 64.5 mg/kg for L-NDDP). These studies show that NDDP is a liposome-dependent
      drug since it can only be satisfactorily formulated in the liposomal form and
      since the liposomal carrier plays a crucial role in determining its antitumor
      activity.

PMID- 3396004
TI  - Specificity of rabbit cytochrome P-450 isozymes involved in the metabolic
      activation of the food derived mutagen 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f] quinoline.
AB  - The involvement of rabbit liver cytochromes P-450 in the activation of the food
      derived heterocyclic amine mutagen, 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ),
      was assessed using the Ames/Salmonella test. The number of revertants induced by
      IQ per microgram of control rabbit liver microsomes was 1872 +/- 50 (SD, n = 3),
      and this increased to 3690 +/- 239 when microsomes from 2,3,7,8
      tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) animals were used as the metabolic activation
      source. Microsomes from phenobarbital, rifampicin, and acetone pretreated rabbits
      were less efficient the controls at activating IQ to a mutagen. Cytochrome P-450
      Forms 4 and 6, which are induced by TCDD, were found to be efficient activators
      of IQ to a mutagen in reconstitution experiments. Form 4 was 7.7-fold more active
      than Form 6 and produced 1702 revertants/0.125 pmol with a 20-min preincubation
      step in the Ames test. Anti-Form 4 IgG inhibited the activation of IQ in control
      and TCDD induced microsomes by 78 and 79%, respectively. The contents of
      cytochrome P-450 Form 4, determined by Western blot analysis, in control and
      phenobarbital, acetone, rifampicin, and TCDD pretreated microsomes were 0.55 +/-
      0.19, 0.63 +/- 0.34, 0.5 +/- 0.27, 0.28 +/- 0.16, and 2.19 +/- 0.43 (n = 3)
      nmol/mg protein, respectively. A highly significant statistical correlation
      existed between the capacity of the above microsomes to activate IQ to a mutagen
      and their cytochrome P-450 Form 4 content (r = 0.96; r2 = 0.92). The content of
      cytochrome P-450 Form 6 in the above microsomes was also highly correlated with
      their capacity to activate IQ (r = 0.92; r2 = 0.85). Based on these results and
      the tissue distribution of cytochrome P-450 Forms 4 and 6, the former obviously
      contributes most toward the activation of IQ in the liver, whereas Form 6 would
      be expected to be primarily involved in this process in extrahepatic tissues.

PMID- 3396006
TI  - Radiosensitivities of ten apparently normal human diploid fibroblast strains to
      cell killing, G2-phase chromosomal aberrations, and cell cycle delay.
AB  - We have examined the sensitivity to X-irradiation of ten apparently normal human
      fibroblast cell strains received as coded samples. Three different end points
      were examined: cytotoxicity; induction of chromosomal aberrations after
      irradiation in G2; and G1-phase block after irradiation and release from
      confluent growth. Three of these ten strains showed a moderate degree of
      hypersensitivity to X-rays by all three assays, falling within the range
      previously reported for ataxia telangiectasia heterozygotes. This variability in
      the "normal" response may render difficult the use of these techniques in the
      detection of gene carriers for such disorders in the general population.
      Furthermore, it indicates that care should be taken in the selection of reference
      control strains in studies of the sensitivity of cells from various genetic
      disorders to radiation.

PMID- 3396005
TI  - Effects of folate deficiency on the metastatic potential of murine melanoma
      cells.
AB  - Experiments were designed to measure the effect of folic acid deficiency on a
      major determinant of cancer lethality, the propensity to form metastases. Murine
      B16 melanoma cells (F10 strain) were grown in folate-deficient and -supplemented
      media. After 3 days, cells in the deficient medium had restricted proliferative
      capacity, low folate levels by bioassay, increased cell volume, abnormal
      deoxyuridine suppression tests, accumulation of cells in S phase by flow
      cytometry, and increased numbers of DNA strand breaks. These folate-deficient
      cells consistently initiated more pulmonary metastases than control cells when
      injected into host mice. Cell size did not appear to be a major factor in
      pulmonary metastasis formation. In vitro growth rates and cloning efficiencies
      were comparable for cells in both types of medium as was subcutaneous growth of
      tumors. We conclude that folate deficiency increases the metastatic potential of
      cultured melanoma cells.

PMID- 3396007
TI  - Monoclonal antibody PR92 with restricted specificity for tumor-associated antigen
      of prostate and breast carcinoma.
AB  - A unique mouse hybridoma, PR92, was obtained using human prostate adenocarcinoma
      cell line DU145. The monoclonal antibody produced by the PR92 clone was reactive
      with DU145, MCF-7 (breast adenocarcinoma), and CHAGO (lung carcinoma), but not
      with normal cell lines and 16 other cell lines of cancerous origin. A homologous
      solid-phase sandwich radioimmunoassay (PR92-RIA) was developed utilizing PR92
      monoclonal antibody. The PR92-RIA recognized unique antigen present in DU145 cell
      extract but did not detect 16 other known tumor-associated markers. In
      preliminary studies, the PR92-RIA measured greater than 5 units/ml level of PR92
      monoclonal antibody-binding antigen in 23 of 31 (74%) serum specimens of active
      prostate cancer and 27 of 31 (87%) active breast carcinoma patients. Only 1 of 79
      (1%) sex-matched normal donors and 1 of 57 (2%) benign disease control patients
      showed the serum antigen level greater than 5 units/ml. A high degree of
      correlation was observed between the PR92 antigen activity and the clinical
      status of four prostate and four breast cancer patients during therapeutic
      treatment. Thus, the PR92-RIA detects new tumor-associated antigen which may be
      useful in detection and monitoring of prostate and breast carcinoma patients.

PMID- 3396008
TI  - Removal of breast cancer cells by soybean agglutinin in an experimental model for
      purging human marrow.
AB  - Soybean agglutinin (SBA) was used as a differential reagent to achieve selective
      elimination of human breast cancer cells (T-47D cell line) from human marrow
      contaminated with tumor cells. Two successive cycles of direct agglutination by
      soluble SBA resulted in depletion of 3.5 logs of tumor cells as determined by
      radiolabeling, whereas removal of more than 4 logs of tumor cells was
      demonstrated by a clonogenic bioassay. A more convenient procedure for tumor
      purge involved the use of SBA bound to either polyglutaraldehyde magnetic beads
      or to commercial polystyrene magnetic beads. After one cycle of magnetic
      separation, 2 to 3.5 logs of tumor cells were removed. A second separation cycle
      using fresh magnetic beads improved depletion to more than 4 logs. Neither of
      these purging procedures affected the hematopoietic potential of granuloid
      macrophage colony-forming unit cells. We suggest the use of SBA bound to magnetic
      beads as a convenient tool for effective ex vivo purging of marrow aspirates
      contaminated with metastatic breast cancer cells in patients with advanced
      disease. A similar procedure is applicable for all SBA-positive neoplasms.

PMID- 3396009
TI  - Increased adriamycin levels in hepatic implants of rabbit Vx-2 carcinoma from
      regional infusion.
AB  - Regional infusion chemotherapy for the treatment of primary or secondary hepatic
      cancer should allow delivery of a higher drug concentration to the tumor with
      decreased systemic exposure when compared with systemic therapy. Fifteen rabbits,
      each implanted with two hepatic Vx-2 tumors, were treated with infusion of
      Adriamycin (3 mg/kg and 7.5 muCi of [14C]Adriamycin) through the hepatic artery
      (n = 5), portal vein (n = 5), and a systemic vein (n = 5) at 20 mg/min. 99Tc
      labeled macroaggregated albumin flow images documented specific hepatic perfusion
      in selected rabbits using this technique. Thirty min after infusion the animals
      were sacrificed, and multiple specimens of liver, tumor, and heart were taken for
      liquid scintillation counting and high-performance liquid chromatography. The 14C
      label remained associated with Adriamycin and metabolites. After systemic
      infusion 11.5 nmol/g of Adriamycin were found in tumor, and 32.4 nmol/g were
      found in liver. Infusion of Adriamycin through the hepatic artery produced drug
      levels of 34.3 nmol/g of tumor and 48.4 nmol/g of liver, while infusion through
      the portal vein produced drug levels of 6.5 nmol/g of tumor and 54.4 nmol/g of
      liver. The drug concentration in tumor was significantly higher after hepatic
      artery infusion compared with systemic (P less than 0.05) or portal vein (P less
      than 0.01) infusion. The tumor/liver ratio of [14C]Adriamycin tissue levels after
      hepatic artery infusion was greater than that measured after systemic vein
      treatment (no overlap of the 90% confidence intervals). Systemic infusion of
      Adriamycin produced a higher level of Adriamycin in the heart (13.6 nmol/g) than
      did hepatic artery (10.9 nmol/g) or portal vein (8.9 nmol/g) infusion. Hepatic
      artery infusion achieved the highest tumor Adriamycin level compared with
      systemic vein and portal vein infusion. The results suggest that these tumor
      implants are supplied primarily by the hepatic artery, that clearance of
      Adriamycin is efficient after regional infusion, and that systemic toxicity may
      be reduced using intraarterial infusion of Adriamycin for hepatic tumors.

PMID- 3396010
TI  - Generation and characterization of B72.3 second generation monoclonal antibodies
      reactive with the tumor-associated glycoprotein 72 antigen.
AB  - Monoclonal antibody (MAb) B72.3 was generated using a membrane-enriched fraction
      of a human mammary carcinoma biopsy. It has demonstrated reactivity to the
      majority of human adenocarcinomas including colorectal, gastric, pancreatic,
      ovarian, endometrial, mammary, and non-small cell lung cancer and no or weak
      reactivity to normal adult tissues, with the exception of secretory endometrium.
      The B72.3-reactive antigen, termed tumor-associated glycoprotein (TAG)-72, has
      been purified and used as an immunogen to generate B72.3 second generation MAbs.
      Since the source of purified TAG-72 was a human colon cancer (CC) xenograft,
      these MAbs have been given a CC designation. Twenty-eight CC MAbs, all
      immunoglobulin Gs, have been generated and shown to be reactive with TAG-72 and
      via both radioimmunoassay and immunohistochemical analyses show differential
      reactivity to carcinoma versus normal adult tissue biopsies. Nine CC MAbs (CC11,
      15, 29, 30, 40, 46, 49, 83, and 92) were selected for further characterization.
      As a result of analyses using direct-binding radioimmunoassay to a range of human
      carcinomas, Western blotting, live cell surface binding assays, five liquid
      competition radioimmunoassays, and Ka measurements, all nine CC MAbs could be
      distinguished from each other and from B72.3. The Ka of B72.3 was determined to
      be 2.54 X 10(9) M-1; all the CC MAbs demonstrated higher KaS with MAbs CC92, 49,
      and 83 having KaS of 14.26, 16.18, and 27.72 X 10(9) M-1, respectively. These
      studies thus demonstrate that one or more of the anti-TAG-72 CC MAbs may be more
      efficient than B72.3, or useful in combination with B72.3, toward the further
      study of human carcinoma cell population and the diagnostic and therapeutic
      procedures presently utilizing MAb B72.3.

PMID- 3396011
TI  - Radioimmunolocalization of human carcinoma xenografts with B72.3 second
      generation monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - The B72.3 reactive antigen, TAG-72, has been purified and a series of second
      generation monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), designated CC (colon cancer), have been
      characterized by a range of in vitro immunological assays. Six CC MAbs (CC11,
      CC30, CC46, CC49, CC83, and CC92) were chosen for analyses of the in vivo binding
      to a human colon carcinoma xenograft. All 6 MAbs were previously shown to be
      distinct from B72.3 and each other by a series of reciprocal competition radio
      immunoassays, and all were shown to have a Ka higher than that of B72.3. In this
      study we demonstrate that all six CC MAbs evaluated are superior to B72.3 in an
      in vivo tumor targeting model, using human colon carcinoma (LS-174T) xenografts
      in athymic mice, in terms of both the percentage of the injected dose of
      radiolabeled MAb delivered per g of tumor and tumor:normal tissue ratios.
      Differences in the in vivo binding patterns and pharmacokinetics among the CC
      MAbs are also evaluated. Thus, in light of the fact that B72.3 has been shown to
      successfully target approximately 75% of primary and metastatic carcinoma lesions
      in a variety of different carcinoma types in over 300 patients, these studies
      serve as further evidence to support the clinical evaluation of the second
      generation CC MAbs, either alone or in combination with B72.3.

PMID- 3396012
TI  - Metalloporphyrin enhancement of magnetic resonance imaging of human tumor
      xenografts in nude mice.
AB  - Paramagnetic metalloporphyrins were examined for their in vivo bio-distribution
      and their ability to enhance nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of human tumor
      xenografts in nude mice. The metalloporphyrins tested were: manganese tetrasodium
      meso-tetra(4-sulfonatophenyl)-porphine (MnTPPS); manganese meso-tetra-4
      pyridylporphine; and gadolinium meso-tetra-4-pyridylporphine. All exhibited high
      molar relaxivities in aqueous solution. In vivo, at a dose of 2 mg/mouse, MnTPPS
      depressed the longitudinal relaxation time, T1, significantly in the kidney and
      less in lung and blood. Manganese meso-tetra-4-pyridylporphine depressed T1 in
      the kidney, lung and liver, while gadolinium meso-tetra-4-pyridylporphine caused
      large T1 depressions in the blood, liver, brain and tumor, probably due to
      dissociation of the metalloporphyrin and binding of Gd to plasma or tissue
      proteins. At a dose of 10 mg/mouse, MnTPPS caused marked T1 depressions of all
      tissues tested within 5 min of inoculation, but 48-72 h later, T1 values of
      normal tissues had returned to near normal, while those of the tumors remained
      significantly depressed. MnTPPS was able to significantly enhance the intensity
      of nuclear magnetic resonance images of MX-1 and ZR-75 human breast tumors and CX
      1 and LS174T human colon tumor xenografts in nude mice. The results demonstrate
      that paramagnetic metalloporphyrins, because of their high relaxivities and
      retention in tumors, have the potential for use as tumor-selective contrast
      agents for nuclear magnetic resonance imaging.

PMID- 3396013
TI  - Variation in tumor yield in the prostate and other target organs of the rat in
      response to varied dosage and duration of administration of 3,2'-dimethyl-4
      aminobiphenyl.
AB  - The effects of varying dosages of 3,2'-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl (DMAB) in
      combination with cyclic dietary administration of ethinyl estradiol (EE) on
      induction of prostate carcinoma were investigated in male F344 rats. Animals
      received repeated treatment with 0.75 ppm of EE for 3 wk with intervals of 2 wk
      on basal diet. The cycle was repeated 10, 5, and 3 times in Groups 1, 2, and 3,
      respectively, a single s.c. injection of DMAB being given 2 days after each
      change to basal diet at a dose of 50 mg/kg of body weight in Group 1, 100 mg/kg
      of body weight in Group 2, and 167 mg/kg of body weight in Group 3. With this
      dosing schedule, the total dose of DMAB (500 mg/kg of body weight) per rat was
      the same in each group. Subsequent to the last treatment with EE, all rats were
      given basal diet until the end of the experiment (Wk 60) when all surviving
      animals were sacrificed for histological examination. Carcinoma of the prostate
      was found in 58.6, 45.0, and 25.9% of rats surviving for 60 wk in Groups 1 to 3,
      respectively, the incidences of atypical hyperplasia being 86.2, 85.0, and 74.1%.
      However, tumors of the small and large intestines, preputial gland, and pancreas
      developed in a dosage-dependent manner, the largest incidences being found in the
      group given 167 mg of carcinogen 3 times. Thus the present experiment confirmed
      that administration of DMAB combined with cyclic treatment with EE induces a high
      incidence of prostate carcinoma in rats and demonstrated that a low dosage of
      DMAB given over a long period is superior to a high dosage over a short period
      for specific induction of prostate lesions.

PMID- 3396014
TI  - Cadmium carcinogenesis in male Wistar [Crl:(WI)BR] rats: dose-response analysis
      of tumor induction in the prostate and testes and at the injection site.
AB  - Carcinogenic dose-response effects of CdCl2 in male Wistar [Crl:(WI)BR] rats were
      studied over a 2-year period. Groups of rats received a single s.c. injection of
      CdCl2 at doses of 0, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, 20.0, or 40.0 mumol/kg in the dorsal
      thoracic midline. Other groups received either four separate s.c. doses of 5
      mumol Cd/kg each (at 0, 48, 96, and 168 h), or low dose cadmium (5.0 mumol/kg,
      s.c., at 0 h) followed by a higher dose (10.0 or 20.0 mumol/kg, s.c., at 48 h).
      The cadmium treatments resulted in appearance of tumors at the injection site, in
      the testes, and in the ventral prostate. Injection site tumors (mostly sarcomas)
      appeared to be strictly related to accumulated dose of cadmium and approached a
      45% incidence at the highest cadmium dose (40 mumol/kg). Testicular tumors
      (mostly Leydig cell adenomas) were found to be highly dependent on testicular
      degeneration caused by cadmium. The highest Leydig cell tumor incidence occurred
      in the 40 mumol/kg (83%) and 20 mumol/kg (72%) dosage groups. Low dose
      pretreatment (5.0 mumol/kg) reduced or prevented the testicular degeneration and
      tumor formation that would otherwise result from a subsequent higher dose of
      CdCl2 (20 mumol/kg). Prostatic tumors (mostly adenomas of the ventral lobe) were
      also found to be associated with cadmium treatment, but in a non-dose related
      fashion. Prostatic tumor incidence was significantly elevated at the 2.5 mumol/kg
      dose of CdCl2 (eight tumors/26 rats; 31%) and showed a strong positive
      correlation between 0.0 and 2.5 mumol/kg in both tumor incidence and
      multiplicity. At higher doses, including those that caused marked testicular
      degeneration and induced prostatic atrophy, an elevated incidence of tumors did
      not occur. The occurrence of hyperplastic foci of the prostate, however, showed a
      strong positive correlation with increasing dose after single injections of
      cadmium up to and including 20.0 mumol/kg. Results indicate that CdCl2 can induce
      preneoplastic lesions of the prostate that appear to develop into tumors only at
      doses well below those causing marked degeneration of the testes and atrophy of
      the prostate.

PMID- 3396015
TI  - Experimental therapy of human breast tumors with 131I-labeled monoclonal
      antibodies prepared against the human milk fat globule.
AB  - Breast tumors are susceptible to attack by unconjugated anti-human milk fat
      globule monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) and most particularly by their mixture
      (cocktail) (Cancer Res., 47: 532-540, 1987). In the present study the same MoAbs
      (Mc1, Mc3, Mc5, and Mc8) labeled with 131I, either singly or in cocktails, were
      used for a similar purpose. Biodistribution studies showed that a transplantable
      human breast tumor line (MX-1) implanted in BALB/c nude mice (nu/nu) had the
      maximum incorporation of injected 131I-MoAbs at day 4 while levels in circulation
      and in normal tissue declined steadily from day 1. Also, these studies showed
      that the amount of radiolabeled Mc3 MoAb incorporated by MX-1 tumors was greater
      than that for cocktail of MoAbs and MoAb Mc5. Tumor destruction by injected 131I
      MoAb cocktail was shown in therapy experiments to be dose dependent. A single
      injection (1500 [corrected] microCi/mouse) of 131I-MoAb Mc3, or of cocktail,
      produced large breast tumor volume diminution and inhibition of growth for up to
      30 days while a similar dose of 131I-labeled control IgG had no effect. A second
      dose of 1500 [corrected] microCi 131I-MoAb of Mc3 or of cocktail, injected at an
      appropriate interval, again diminished tumor mass significantly and inhibited its
      growth for another 20 days. In control experiments, non-breast tumors (colon)
      were marginally affected by the 131I-MoAbs. These results show that the systemic
      injection of radioiodinated MoAbs against human milk fat globule destroy the
      epithelial cells of human breast tumors and control their growth for an
      appreciable length of time. Radioiodoconjugated MoAbs proved to be more effective
      than unconjugated MoAbs in reducing breast tumor mass and also in inhibiting
      growth for longer periods of time at immunoglobulin doses 100 to 200 times lower.
      Further exploration of their role in breast cancer treatment seems warranted by
      these results.

PMID- 3396016
TI  - Phase I and clinical pharmacology trial of crisnatol (BWA770U mesylate) using a
      monthly single-dose schedule.
AB  - Crisnatol is a novel lipophilic arylmethylaminopropanediol with significant
      antineoplastic activity in a variety of murine and human tumor models which
      functions as a DNA intercalator. In this Phase I trial, a 6-h infusion of the
      drug was administered i.v. in 700 to 1500 ml of 5% dextrose in water every 28
      days. Eighty-five courses at doses of 7.5 to 516 mg/m2 were administered to 43
      patients with refractory solid tumors. Reversible neurological toxicity was dose
      limiting at 516 mg/m2 and was manifested as somnolence, dizziness, blurred
      vision, unsteady gait, and alpha-slowing on electroencephalogram at the end of
      infusion. All neurological signs and symptoms were reversible. No hematological
      toxicity was observed. Other toxicities included phlebitis, mild to moderate
      nausea and vomiting, reversible sinus node arrest in one patient, and
      hypertension. Crisnatol plasma concentrations were determined by high-pressure
      liquid chromatography. After infusion, plasma concentrations declined
      biexponentially with a terminal t1/2 of 2.9 h. Using a two-compartment model, the
      mean apparent volume of distribution at steady state and total-body clearance
      were 58.8 liters/m2 and 18.3 liters/h/m2, respectively, indicative of extensive
      tissue distribution and rapid hepatic clearance. Peak plasma levels occurred at
      the end of infusion and correlated with the onset of neurological toxicity. The
      recommended Phase II dose for this schedule is 388 mg/m2.

PMID- 3396017
TI  - Cavernous hemangiomas in children.
AB  - Cavernous angiomas are histologically benign hamartomas, showing no potential for
      metastasis. Clinically, patients present with convulsions, hemorrhage, or signs
      of mass effect. Although many cases exhibit ossification on X-ray, the main means
      of diagnosis is computed tomography. This, in turn, has led to earlier diagnoses
      being made in much younger patients. Early diagnosis is a matter of urgency as
      patients are otherwise exposed to the continuing threat of rupture. As cavernous
      angiomas are operable, the prognosis is usually good.

PMID- 3396018
TI  - Craniopharyngioma in Nigerian children.
AB  - Between 1971 and 1986, 20 Nigerian children (less than 1 year to 15 years of age)
      with craniopharyngiomas were treated at the University College Hospital (UCH) in
      Ibadan. The children made up 71% of all patients with craniopharyngiomas seen in
      the hospital during the study period. The mean age of the 12 boys and 8 girls was
      9.2 years. The predominant symptoms and signs were raised intracranial pressure
      and visual disturbance. Characteristic radiological features occurred in over 60%
      of cases; about two-thirds of the tumors were cystic. The advanced tumor stage
      upon arrival at UCH limited the amount of radical surgery that could be done; 31%
      died soon after surgery.

PMID- 3396019
TI  - Results of the management of craniopharyngioma in children. An endocrinological
      approach to the treatment.
AB  - The treatment results of 21 (1972-1982) patients with craniopharyngioma are
      reported who were treated either by surgery alone or by surgery and radiation
      therapy. The authors reviewed 14 patients (67%) who were less than 18 years of
      age at the time of surgery. The eradication was thought to be total in 7 children
      and subtotal in 7. Radiation was given as part of the initial therapy to 5
      children after total excision and to 3 after subtotal removal. There were 2
      postoperative deaths. All of the children suffered postoperative hormonal
      deficiencies. The results of this study indicate that total and subtotal removal
      followed by RT is an acceptable treatment for craniopharyngioma. Endocrine
      deficient children, if treated properly, do well in terms of survival.

PMID- 3396020
TI  - Choroid plexectomy for the treatment of chronic infected hydrocephalus.
AB  - Choroid plexectomy was performed for chronic infected hydrocephalus in 17
      children via a direct open approach. In 16 cases, the CSF was sterilized soon
      after the plexectomy. In 37% of cases, the hydrocephalus was arrested without a
      shunt. The incidence of seizures did not increase after plexectomy. Removal of
      the choroid plexus was controlled by scintigraphy. Neuropsychological results
      were not encouraging, probably related to the long history of chronic ventricular
      infection. Surgical mortality was 6%. Choroid plexectomy should be considered as
      a possible treatment of chronic infected hydrocephalus in children.

PMID- 3396021
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging of dysraphic myelodysplasia. Findings in 56 children
      and adolescents with postrepair meningomyelocele.
AB  - The spinal cord in 56 children and adolescents was examined by magnetic resonance
      imaging (MRI) many years after neonatal surgery on a meningomyelocele (average
      age 12 years). In a high percentage of cases, the diagnosis "tethered cord" was
      made. Associated anomalies were found with a frequency of 21%. Typical findings
      are presented and the impact of these results on therapy planning is discussed.

PMID- 3396022
TI  - Brainstem auditory evoked potentials in Chiari-II malformation.
AB  - Brainstem function in patients with Chiari-II malformation was evaluated by
      brainstem auditory-evoked potentials (BAEPs). All cases had associated
      hydrocephalus, some of which were shunted. The effect of the shunting operation
      on the wave forms was examined as well as the age-wave relationships. Although
      the shunting operation resulted in shortened brainstem conduction time, the
      overall postshunt responses were still far from normal. Another significant
      finding was that whereas there were remarkable abnormalities in recorded
      waveforms in cases younger than 8 years, normal or almost normal responses were
      obtained in all cases older than 8. BAEP abnormalities could not be correlated
      with the severity of meningomyelocele, nor was the predictive value of response
      in assessing potential risk of symptomatic Chiari malformation established.

PMID- 3396023
TI  - Symposium on ethics and morals related to antenatal treatment of pediatric
      neurosurgical disorders. Treatment of fetuses in utero--an opinion from central
      Europe.
AB  - In Austria, there is no need for treatment of defective fetuses in utero. First
      of all, the possibilities known so far are limited their effectiveness is
      debatable. Second, knowledge about fetal therapy is limited to a few specialists
      but so far is not practiced. The problems to be encountered in this new field and
      are discussed with regard to the ethical impact on the physician, the parents,
      and society, as well as the costs involved. The answer to this controversial
      subject is proposed using clear, irrevocable diagnostic procedures. Indication
      for surgery should cover the benefits to the child and parents and the benefits
      for society as well; justification of antenatal surgery should lead to a better
      understanding of the whole problem; all identical cases should be treated under
      identical circumstances; finally, justification for antenatal surgery or preterm
      delivery should not contradict or subvert our notion of fundamental and equal
      human rights. Progress in this field should be observed very critically.

PMID- 3396024
TI  - Giant aneurysms of bilateral internal carotid arteries in a child.
AB  - Aneurysms in the petrous or cavernous portion of the internal carotid artery in
      childhood are extremely rare. Only two such cases have been previously reported.
      We present a case of bilateral giant intrapetrous aneurysms in a young female. CT
      was especially helpful in evaluating the absolute size of these aneurysms. This
      case is unique in that we demonstrated the temporal evolution of internal carotid
      aneurysms on follow-up angiography.

PMID- 3396027
TI  - [The personality of the visually handicapped].

PMID- 3396025
TI  - In vitro activation of tumoricidal properties in mouse macrophages using the
      chemotactic peptide N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) incorporated
      in liposomes.
AB  - We investigated the ability of free or liposome-incorporated synthetic
      chemotactic peptide N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) to generate
      tumoricidal properties in mouse macrophages. As FMLP contains three hydrophobic
      amino acid residues, it can readily be incorporated into multilamellar vesicles
      (MLV) consisting of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylserine (PS). The
      incorporation of FMLP into MLV with a PC:PS ratio of 7:3 mol at FMLP
      concentrations of up to 10(-4) M did not affect the phagocytosis of liposomes by
      mouse peritoneal macrophages. Studies with radioactive FMLP revealed that higher
      levels of FMLP can be delivered to macrophages by liposomes than in the free,
      nonencapsulated form. Treatment of mouse macrophages with liposome-encapsulated
      FMLP, but not with free FMLP, generated tumoricidal properties in the
      macrophages. The mechanism appears to involve an intracellular site since 100
      fold concentrations of free FMLP or free N-acetyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine,
      the FMLP agonist, failed to competitively inhibit the macrophage's tumoricidal
      properties generated by liposome-encapsulated FMLP.

PMID- 3396026
TI  - Induction of cytotoxicity of peritoneal exudate cells by agrimoniin, a novel
      immunomodulatory tannin of Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb.
AB  - The cytotoxic activities of the PEC after an i.p. injection of agrimoniin, a
      tannin contained in Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb. were studied. The plastic nonadherent
      PEC had significantly higher NK cell activity than the untreated control, and the
      adherent PEC were cytostatic toward MM2 and MH134 cells. The adherent PEC did not
      cause tumor cell lysis by themselves, but were cytolytic against MM2 cells in the
      presence of anti-MM2 sera. In the course of these effects of PEC after the i.p.
      injection of agrimoniin, the augmentation of NK cell activity was the earliest
      reaction, reaching a peak at 2 days after the injection; then, cytostatic
      activity increased. The induction of antibody-dependent cell lytic activity was a
      later reaction, which reached a peak at 6 days after the injection.

PMID- 3396028
TI  - [Occurrence of regurgitation in apparently normal heart valves].

PMID- 3396029
TI  - [The protective effect of verapamil on the ischemic myocardium].

PMID- 3396030
TI  - [The effect of dihydroderivatives of ergotoxine on parameters of liver
      circulation].

PMID- 3396031
TI  - [Renal excretion of zinc, magnesium and copper in submaximal physical loading].

PMID- 3396032
TI  - [Fibronectin and diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 3396033
TI  - [Self-monitoring of blood glucose in insulin-dependent diabetics].

PMID- 3396034
TI  - [Lipids and apolipoproteins at the time of onset of type 2 diabetes].

PMID- 3396035
TI  - [Determination of desirable body weight using proportional indices].

PMID- 3396036
TI  - [The effect of continuous subcutaneous administration of insulin on the oxidation
      of energy substrates in insulin-dependent diabetics].

PMID- 3396037
TI  - [Pharmacologic evaluation of toxicity after repeated administration of Duxon, a
      synthetic colloid solution].

PMID- 3396038
TI  - [Conversion of load intensity from a bicycle ergometer to a treadmill].

PMID- 3396039
TI  - [Balance in upright bipedal posture].

PMID- 3396040
TI  - [3rd generation tests for the detection of hepatitis B surface antigens].

PMID- 3396041
TI  - [The University of Utah Medical School in Salt Lake City].

PMID- 3396042
TI  - [Two spirochetoses--two great imitators of a number of diseases].

PMID- 3396043
TI  - [Campylobacter pylori in gastric biopsies. Comparison of biochemical and
      histological evidence and relation to chronic gastritis activity].

PMID- 3396044
TI  - [Clinical importance of the dynamics of the cytological findings in lavage fluid
      in patients with biopsy-proven cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis].

PMID- 3396045
TI  - [Hydrocortisone in the treatment of status asthmaticus. Comparison of the
      effectiveness of higher and lower doses].

PMID- 3396046
TI  - [Intestinal parasites in Czechoslovak citizens working abroad].

PMID- 3396047
TI  - [Endemic goiter and iodine deficiency].

PMID- 3396048
TI  - [Circadian rhythm in Na+ and K+ excretion during a change in muzolimine dosage
      and administration intervals in renal insufficiency].

PMID- 3396049
TI  - [Does the lunar phase have an effect on sudden cardiac and vascular deaths?].

PMID- 3396050
TI  - [Diagnostic value of magnesium analysis in lymphocytes].

PMID- 3396051
TI  - [Etiology of aseptic meningitis in Czechoslovakia in 1985].

PMID- 3396053
TI  - Axonal projections within the brain-retrocerebral complex of the cricket,
      Teleogryllus commodus.
AB  - The cerebral origins and axonal trajectories of neurons projecting to the
      retrocerebral complex of the cricket, Teleogryllus commodus, were examined in
      silver-intensified nickel preparations. Spatially separate groups of somata in
      the pars intercerebralis (PI) and in the pars lateralis (PL), commonly accepted
      as neurosecretory loci, were found to give rise to axons which terminate in the
      nervus corporis allati 2, the corpus allatum, or the corpus cardiacum. Additional
      findings demonstrated a distinct group of somata from the PI whose axons run in
      the esophageal nerve (stomatogastric nervous system), nine somata in the
      subesophageal ganglion with axons projecting into the nervus corporis allati 2,
      and also a small cluster of tritocerebral perikarya with axons terminating in the
      corpus cardiacum. Somata residing in the PI and PL were found to be
      compartmentally organized based upon the retrocerebral destinations of their
      axons. Possible functional consequences of these results with respect to the
      insect neurosecretory system are discussed.

PMID- 3396052
TI  - Role of cell-cycle in regulating neuroepithelial cell shape during bending of the
      chick neural plate.
AB  - Neuroepithelial cells transform from spindle-shaped to wedge-shaped within the
      median and paired dorsolateral hinge points of the bending neural plate, but the
      mechanisms underlying these localized changes are unclear. This study was
      designed to evaluate further the hypothesis that localized "wedging" of
      neuroepithelial cells during bending involves basal cellular expansion resulting
      from alteration of the cell-cycle. Neurulating chick embryos were treated with
      tritiated thymidine, and transverse sections through the midbrain were examined
      autoradiographically. Parameters of the cell-cycle as well as nuclear position
      and size were assessed in the median hinge point, which contains predominantly
      wedge-shaped cells, and in adjacent lateral areas of the neural plate, which
      contain predominantly spindle-shaped cells. Both the DNA-synthetic phase and non
      DNA synthetic portion of the cell-cycle were significantly longer in the median
      hinge point than in lateral neuroepithelial areas, some nuclei in both regions
      were located basally during these phases, and virtually all basal nuclei in the
      median hinge point were large. Additionally, the mitotic phase was significantly
      shorter in the median hinge point than in lateral areas. We present a model to
      explain how alteration of the cell-cycle in the median hinge point could generate
      wedging of cells in this region.

PMID- 3396054
TI  - Diversity of prolactin systems in the insect Leucophaea maderae: use of antiserum
      polyclonality for immunocytochemical detection of neuropeptide heterogeneity.
AB  - The presence of prolactin-like neuropeptides was demonstrated
      immunocytochemically in the brain and affiliated neuroendocrine structures of the
      insect Leucophaea maderae. Use of the unlabelled peroxidase-antiperoxidase method
      of Sternberger revealed a rather widespread and differential distribution of
      reaction products resembling human (hPRL) and ovine (oPRL) prolactin. Tests with
      antirat PRL antibody were negative. The specificity of the antibodies used was
      established by liquid-phase absorptions and confirmed in tissue control systems.
      In L. maderae, anti-oPRL identifies part of an oPRL-like molecule different from
      human and rat PRL. Anti-hPRL reveals part of a human and ovine PRL-like molecule
      different from rat prolactin. These results indicate the occurrence, in the
      nervous tissue of one insect species, of at least two types of prolactin-like
      molecules.

PMID- 3396055
TI  - Effect of hyaluronic acid on the emergence of neural crest cells from the neural
      tube of the quail, Coturnix coturnix japonica.
AB  - Hyaluronic acid (HA) added to the medium of quail neural tubes explanted in vitro
      influences the number of migratory neural crest cells that emerge, compared with
      controls. Neural crest cells were counted with an ocular grid after 20 h of
      migration into 0.1 mm wide areas or 'bins' lying parallel to the neural tube, and
      the results were analyzed by linear regression. A low concentration of HA (5
      micrograms/ml) significantly decreased the total number of neural crest cells in
      all bins adjacent to the neural tube, whereas several high concentrations of HA
      (250, 500, and 1000 micrograms/ml) significantly increased the number of neural
      crest cells. Intermediate concentrations of HA (50 and 100 micrograms/ml) did not
      differ from that of controls. Linear regressions of number of cells versus
      distance from the tube showed no significant differences among the slopes of
      control, low HA, and high HA treatments, providing evidence that HA does not
      influence the rate of cell migration. Scanning electron microscopy showed that
      cells in neuroepithelia exposed to low HA (5 micrograms/ml) appeared in tighter
      contact, while cells of neuroepithelia in high HA (500 micrograms/ml) appeared
      more loosely organized, compared with controls. Cells in tight contact could be
      restrained from leaving the neuroepithelium, whereas cells in loose contact could
      more readily move out of the neural tube, thus explaining the differences in cell
      numbers in low HA and high HA, respectively. We conclude that HA can be a factor
      in the differential adhesivity among neuroepithelial cells and may be important
      in the initial separation of the neural crest from the neural tube.

PMID- 3396056
TI  - An ultrastructural study of mitosis and cytokinesis in normal 'resting' human
      breast.
AB  - The parenchyma of the normal "resting" human breast was examined by electron
      microscopy to characterize the cells undergoing mitosis and the mechanism by
      which the normal tissue architecture is maintained during this process. In this
      study of 112 mitotic cells, it was found that the mitotic cells were luminally
      positioned, polarised epithelial cells with no evidence of myoepithelial cell
      division. Ultrastructurally, the nuclear and cytoplasmic changes were consistent
      with previous reports of mitosis in other tissues. However, unlike all previous
      reports, two specific orientations of the nuclear spindle and thus the planes of
      cytokinesis were observed. In a few cases the spindle formed parallel to the
      lumen and division resulted in two luminally positioned daughter cells. However,
      in the majority of mitotic cells the spindle was approximately at right angles to
      the lumen and this orientation resulted in a luminally and a basally positioned
      daughter cell. It is proposed that the abnormally positioned basal daughter cell
      could develop into a myoepithelial cell or undergo deletion (apoptosis). Thus the
      two orientations of mitosis may explain the mechanism by which the epithelial and
      myoepithelial cell populations were maintained by a single progenitor cell
      without disrupting the integrity of the tissue architecture.

PMID- 3396057
TI  - Ultrastructure of the kidney of a South American caecilian, Typhlonectes
      compressicaudus (Amphibia, Gymnophiona). I. Renal corpuscle, neck segment,
      proximal tubule and intermediate segment.
AB  - The ultrastructure of the renal corpuscle, the neck segment, the proximal tubule
      and the intermediate segment of the kidney of a South American caecilian,
      Typhlonectes compressicaudus (Amphibia, Gymnophiona) was examined by means of
      transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and
      freeze-fracture technique. The glomerular filter apparatus consists of the
      podocyte epithelium, a distinct basement membrane, a subendothelial space and the
      capillary endothelium. Emanating from the podocyte cell body, several long
      primary processes encircle neighboring capillaries. The short slender foot
      processes originating from the primary processes interdigitate with those from
      other primary processes, thereby forming the meandering filtration slit. Thick
      bundles of microfilaments are found in the primary processes, but absent in the
      foot processes. The basement membrane consists of a lamina rara externa and a
      rather thin lamina densa (50 nm thickness). The wide subendothelial space
      contains abundant microfibrils, a few collagen fibrils and many thin processes of
      mesangial cells. The endothelium is flat and fenestrated (compared to mammals
      displaying relatively few fenestrations); some of the fenestrations are bridged
      by a diaphragm. The glomerular mesangium is made up of the mesangial cells and a
      prominent mesangial matrix containing microfibrils and collagen fibrils. The
      cells of the neck and intermediate segments display numerous cilia with their
      microtubules arranged in the typical 9 + 2 pattern. The basal bodies of the cilia
      are attached to thick filaments with a clear crossbanding pattern of 65 nm
      periodicity. The proximal tubule is composed of cells typical for this segment
      (PT cells) and light cells lacking a brush border (bald-headed cells). The PT
      cells measure 10-25 micron in height and 15-30 micron in width and do not
      interdigitate at their lateral borders with each other. Their basolateral cell
      membrane is amplified by many folds projecting into lateral intercellular spaces
      and into basal recesses. The brush border is scarce and composed of loosely
      arranged short microvilli.

PMID- 3396058
TI  - Ultrastructure of the kidney of a South American caecilian, Typhlonectes
      compressicaudus (Amphibia, Gymnophiona). II. Distal tubule, connecting tubule,
      collecting duct and Wolffian duct.
AB  - The ultrastructure of the distal nephron, the collecting duct and the Wolffian
      duct was studied in a South American caecilian, Typhlonectes compressicaudus
      (Amphibia, Gymnophiona) by transmission and scanning electron microscopy (TEM,
      SEM). The distal tubule (DT) is made up of one type of cell that has a well
      developed membrane labyrinth established both by interdigitating processes and by
      interlocking ramifications. The processes contain large mitochondria, the
      ramifications do not. The tight junction is shallow and elongated by a meandering
      course. The connecting tubule (CNT) is composed of CNT cells proper and
      intercalated cells, both of which are cuboidal in shape. The CNT cells are
      characterized by many lateral interlocking folds. The intercalated cells have a
      dark cytoplasm densely filled with mitochondria. Their apical cell membrane is
      typically amplified by microplicae beneath which a layer of globular particles
      (studs) is found. The collecting duct (CD) is composed of principal cells and
      intercalated cells, again both cuboidal in shape. The CD epithelium is
      characterized by dilated intercellular spaces, which are often filled with
      lateral microfolds projecting from adjacent principal cells. The apical membrane
      is covered by a prominent glycocalyx. The intercalated cells in the CD are
      similar to those in the CNT. The Wolffian duct (WD) has a tall pseudostratified
      epithelium established by WD cells proper, intercalated cells and basal cells.
      The WD cells contain irregular-shaped dense granules located beneath the apical
      cell membrane. The intercalated cells of the WD have a dark cytoplasm with many
      mitochondria; their nuclei display a dense chromatin pattern.

PMID- 3396060
TI  - The effect of colchicine on protein secretion by differentiating odontoblasts and
      ameloblasts in the hamster tooth in vitro as shown by radioautography with 3H
      proline.
AB  - We have examined radioautographically the protein synthetic and secretory
      activity of differentiating odontoblasts and ameloblasts, exposed for 9 h in
      vitro to various concentrations of colchicine in the presence of 3H-proline.
      Colchicine impairs the cytodifferentiation of the dental epithelium into
      ameloblasts and of the dental mesenchyme into odontoblasts; the effects depend on
      the dose. However, dental epithelial cells are more sensitive to the drug than
      dental mesenchymal cells. In stages prior to odontoblast differentiation,
      colchicine enhances the number of radioautographic grains over the dental
      epithelium without changing the grain counts over the dental basement membrane
      area. This suggests that in vitro the dental epithelium synthesizes and secretes
      proline-containing components that are not constituents of the dental basement
      membrane. Also, during the subsequent stages of ameloblast differentiation
      colchicine increases the number of radioautographic grains over the
      preameloblasts. The present data suggest that the primary in vitro target of
      colchicine is not the dental mesenchyme, but the dental epithelium. The data also
      indicate that differentiating ameloblasts synthesize and secrete significant
      amounts of proteins in vitro prior to the first deposition of enamel.

PMID- 3396059
TI  - Uteroglobin as progesterone-binding protein in the preimplantation uterine
      epithelium of the rabbit: histochemical studies.
AB  - [3H] progesterone was injected into the uterine lumen of rabbits toward the end
      of preimplantation period (162 h post coitum). Light-microscopic autoradiography
      showed accumulation of label in single cell groups of the uterine epithelium.
      Fluorographs of thin layer chromatograms of steroid extracts indicated the
      metabolization of progesterone in the uterine tissue. Incubation of uterine
      sections with fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated progesterone-rabbit serum
      albumin revealed binding sites for this reagent: 162 h post coitum, staining was
      also localized in single cell groups of the uterine epithelium. Pretreatment with
      a monospecific antiserum showed uteroglobin to be the binding protein.

PMID- 3396062
TI  - Effects of calcium preloading on the growth of calcium carbonate crystals in the
      endolymphatic sac of the tree frog, Hyla arborea japonica.
AB  - Tree frogs, either with or without calcium chloride preloading, were maintained
      in a 0.8% strontium chloride solution for 1 week, then studied by X-ray
      microanalysis and scanning electron microscopy to determine the distribution of
      incorporated strontium in the endolymphatic crystals. In the absence of calcium
      preloading, strontium was detected on every surface of all the crystals, but
      after calcium preloading for 5 or 7 weeks, strontium incorporation was partially
      or completely inhibited, suggesting that an inhibition of the growth of the
      endolymphatic crystals had taken place in these preloaded specimens.

PMID- 3396063
TI  - The ultrastructure of the lung of two newborn marsupial species, the northern
      native cat, Dasyurus hallucatus, and the brushtail possum, Trichosurus vulpecula.
AB  - The lungs of newborn northern native cats, Dasyurus hallucatus and newborn
      brushtail possums, Trichosurus vulpecula were examined by both light and electron
      microscopy. The native cat has a birth weight of 18 mg after a gestation of about
      21 days, whereas the brushtail possum weights 200 mg at birth and has a gestation
      period of 17.5 days. The lungs of the native cat are two large respiratory sacs,
      with a respiratory lining of squamous cells and surfactant-secreting cells. The
      capillaries are located within the connective tissue just below this respiratory
      epithelium. The visceral covering of the lung is formed by squamous cells. The
      lungs of the possum are composed of numerous large respiratory sacs which are
      separated by connective tissue septa in which the capillaries are located. The
      sacs, as in other species, are lined with squamous cells and surfactant-secreting
      cells. It is proposed that the structure of the lung of the newborn marsupial is
      related more to the size of the newborn rather than to the length of the
      gestation period.

PMID- 3396061
TI  - Postnatal development of the tubular lamina propria and the intertubular tissue
      in the bovine testis.
AB  - The postnatal development of intertubular cells and vessels and of the tubular
      lamina propria was studied in three locations of perfusion-fixed bovine testes
      from 31 animals ranging from 4 to 78 weeks. The postnatal morphological
      differentiation of the testis is not uniform, regional differences have to be
      considered. The intertubular cell population is composed of mesenchyme-like
      cells, fibrocytes, Leydig cells, peritubular cells and mononuclear cells. In 4-
      and 8-week-old testes mesenchyme-like cells are the dominating element. These
      pluripotent cells proliferate by frequent mitoses and are the precursors of
      Leydig cells, contractile peritubular cells and fibrocytes. Morphologically
      differentiated Leydig cells are encountered throughout the entire period of
      postnatal development. In 4-week-old testes degenerating fetal and newly formed
      postnatal Leydig cells are seen in juxtaposition to each other. From the 8th week
      on, only postnatal Leydig cells are present. Between 16 and 30 weeks large-scale
      degeneration of prepuberal Leydig cells is observed. The Leydig cells that
      survive this degenerative phase constitute the long-lasting adult population. 20
      30% (numerically) of all intertubular cells at all ages are free mononuclear
      cells. These are found as lymphocytes, plasma cells, monocytes, macrophages and
      light intercalated cells (LIC). The latter are monocyte-derived, Leydig cell
      associated typical cells of the bovine testis. The differentiation of the two
      main components of the tubular lamina propria, (i) basal lamina and (ii)
      peritubular cell sheath, seems to be effected rather independent from each other
      and also from hormonal signals important for the development of the germinal
      cells. The laminated basal lamina reaches nearly 3 micron at 16 weeks and is
      later on continuously reduced. At 25 weeks the peritubular cells have transformed
      into contractile myofibroblasts. At this period the germinal epithelium is still
      in a prepuberal state.

PMID- 3396064
TI  - Variabilities in measurement of coronary arterial dimensions resulting from
      variations in cineframe selection.
AB  - To quantitatively analyze a coronary arterial segment from a cineangiogram, an
      end-diastolic or neighboring cineframe is usually selected, such that a possibly
      existing coronary lesion is visualized optimally, as judged by the cardiologist.
      However, different cardiologists may select different (although usually
      neighboring) frames, even when following the same selection criteria. It is also
      possible that the frames are selected from different cardiac cycles. In this
      study the effects of such phase shifts on the reproducibility of the quantitative
      measurements were studied. In a total of 38 consecutive patient films obtained at
      a filmspeed of 25 frames/sec, the frame 0 demonstrating the severity of a lesion
      optimally, as judged by a senior cardiologist, the three preceding frames, the
      three following frames and one frame exactly one cycle prior to or following
      frame 0 were selected; frame 0 was always chosen in the end-diastolic phase of
      the cardiac cycle. In each film one coronary arterial segment with a focal lesion
      was analyzed quantitatively in these eight frames with the Cardiovascular
      Angiography Analysis System (CAAS). No significant differences were found in the
      mean difference and the standard deviations of the differences (variabilities) in
      the obstruction diameter, interpolated reference diameter, percent diameter
      stenosis, extent of the obstruction and area of atherosclerotic plaque obtained
      in the various frames with respect to frame 0. Therefore, it may be concluded
      that the selection of a cineframe for quantitative analysis in the end-diastolic
      phase of the cardiac cycle is not very critical; in other words, the obstruction
      measurements are not time-dependent for frames in the end-diastolic
      phase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3396065
TI  - Percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty: retrograde, transarterial double-balloon
      technique utilizing the transseptal approach.
AB  - Between February 1985 and May 1987, 72 patients with mitral stenosis (MS)
      underwent percutaneous transluminal mitral valvuloplasty (PTMV). The retrograde
      transarterial double-balloon technique was used on 54/72 patients (75%); 16
      males, 38 females; mean age: 39 +/- 11 years. Transseptal catheterization was
      used to place two 0.035", 350-cm exchange wires into the ascending aorta in order
      to be snared, retrieved, and exteriorized, each through a femoral artery. Over
      these wires, the balloon dilation catheters were advanced through the femoral
      artery, retrogradely, across the mitral valve, for PTMV. The transmitral mean
      gradient fell [18 +/- 4 to 9 +/- 5 mmHg (P less than 0.001)]; the cardiac output
      increased [5.1 +/- 0.8 6.1 +/- 0.8 L/min (P less than 0.001)]; the
      hemodynamically calculated valve area increased [1.2 +/- 0.2 to 2.3 +/- 0.6 cm2
      (P less than 0.001)]; and the short axis two-dimensional echocardiographic valve
      area increased [1.1 +/- 0.3 to 2.2 +/- 0.7 (P less than 0.001)]. PTMV was
      unsuccessful in two patients (4%), due to the inability to maintain the inflated
      balloons in the mitral position. Significant complications were encountered in
      two patients: two strokes (3.7%) and one mortality from the stroke (1.4%).
      Significant mitral regurgitation occurred in two patients (3.7%); no post-PTMV
      hemodynamically significant atrial septal defects were detected. Follow-up (mean
      time: 11 +/- 6 months) of 43 patients showed a persistent improvement in
      echocardiographic findings in 27 (63%) and hemodynamically measured mitral valve
      area in the 16 patients in which cardiac catheterization was repeated. The
      retrograde, transarterial double-balloon technique can successfully accomplish
      PTMV with good results and an acceptable low morbidity and mortality.

PMID- 3396066
TI  - Pulsed Doppler evaluation of regurgitation in mitral valve prostheses.
AB  - Prosthetic mitral valve regurgitation was evaluated by both pulsed Doppler
      ultrasound and left ventriculography. Pulsed Doppler ultrasound was found to have
      only a 20% sensitivity in detecting prosthetic mitral valve regurgitation
      documented by left ventriculography. Possible reasons for this poor sensitivity
      include 1) an eccentric jet not identified by the small pulsed Doppler sample
      volume; 2) prosthesis interference with the Doppler signal in the apical four
      chamber view; and 3) the large angle of incidence between the pulsed Doppler
      signal and the regurgitant jet. Mitral insufficiency, especially when not severe,
      may be missed by this technique. Care must be taken in interpreting negative
      results from a pulsed Doppler ultrasound evaluation of a prosthetic mitral valve.

PMID- 3396068
TI  - Detection and treatment of high-output cardiac failure resulting from a large
      hemodialysis fistula.
AB  - Hemodialysis fistulas are a cause of high-output congestive heart failure (CHF).
      A case is reviewed of a patient in whom surgical correction of an excessively
      high fistula flow led to resolution of CHF. Bradycardia induced by fistula
      occlusion (Nicaladoni-Branham sign) was not present, but transient occlusion did
      produce a marked decrease in cardiac output.

PMID- 3396067
TI  - Assessment of global and regional left ventricular function in ischemic heart
      disease using ultrafast computed tomography.
AB  - Contrast-enhanced ultrafast computed tomography (CT) of the left ventricle was
      done in the long axis and short axis within one day of cardiac catheterization in
      14 males with ischemic heart disease and a mean age of 58 years. Imaging was R
      wave-triggered at 58-msec intervals (13/level). Left ventriculography was
      performed in 30 degrees right anterior oblique (RAO) and 60 degrees left anterior
      oblique (LAO) caudal 12 degrees. CT left ventricular ejection fraction was
      measured using a modified Simpson's reconstruction of end-systolic and end
      diastolic slices. Catheterization left ventricular ejection fraction was measured
      by area-length method. Six left ventricular segments (septal, apex, anterior,
      lateral, inferior, and posterior) were scored by different paired observers as
      follows: dyskinesis (-1), akinesis (0), moderate-severe hypokinesis (1), mild
      hypokinesis (2), and normal (3). Correlations of left ventricular ejection
      fraction for catheterization vs. long-axis CT and short-axis CT were r = .83 and
      r = .86, respectively. Seven of eight patients with transmural myocardial
      infarction were identified on CT by akinetic/dyskinetic segments. Eighty-four
      segments were scored. There was agreement (normal vs. abnormal) in 76 (90%). CT
      detected 47 normal segments vs. 51 by catheterization (92%), 11
      akinetic/dyskinetic segments (92%), and 14 hypokinetic segments vs. 21 (67%).
      Wall motion scores between CT and catheterization differed by greater than 1 in 6
      of 84 segments (7%). Therefore, ultrafast CT can accurately assess global and
      regional left ventricular function.

PMID- 3396069
TI  - Comparison of gated cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and two-dimensional
      echocardiography for the evaluation of right ventricular thrombi: a case report
      with autopsy correlation.
AB  - In a patient who died of complications of severe pulmonary hypertension, right
      ventricular failure, and sepsis, antemortem two-dimensional (2-D)
      echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies demonstrated a
      right ventricular mass which at autopsy proved to be thrombus. The diagnostic
      features of this mass as imaged by these two methods are compared. This case was
      complicated in that the patient had a history of right atrial myxoma that had
      been successfully removed three years previously, and a history of several prior
      pulmonary emboli. Gated MRI depicted the size, shape, and surface characteristics
      of the mass more clearly than 2-D echocardiography because MRI provided better
      contrast and spatial resolution. Both techniques were useful in localizing the
      mass and showing if it was fixed or mobile. Depiction of tumor attachment was
      unclear with echocardiography but very clear with MRI. MRI also showed a left
      pulmonary artery thrombus that was not visualized by 2-D echocardiography. Both
      techniques provided chamber dimension measurements showing enlargement of the
      right atrium and ventricle. This case demonstrates that gated MRI provides high
      quality images of cardiac anatomy and masses. Gated cardiac MRI should be
      considered at least complementary and potentially superior to two-dimensional
      echocardiography in the evaluation of intracardiac masses in certain patients.

PMID- 3396070
TI  - An alternative to open thoracotomy.

PMID- 3396071
TI  - Superflow 5F catheters in ischemic heart disease: a vote of confidence.

PMID- 3396072
TI  - Buccal nifedipine delivery system.

PMID- 3396073
TI  - The thyroid hormone receptor binds with opposite transcriptional effects to a
      common sequence motif in thyroid hormone and estrogen response elements.
AB  - We report that the thyroid hormone (T3) receptor binds to DNA recognition
      sequences that are variations of the palindromic motif 5'-TCAGGTCA.TGACCTGA-3',
      resulting in transcriptional activation in vivo. This sequence is identical to
      the vitellogenin A2 estrogen response element except for the absence of 3 bp at
      the center of dyad symmetry, which we have termed a "gap." The T3 receptor binds
      to estrogen response elements with high affinity in vitro, as well as to
      variations of the same sequence containing gaps of 1-6 bp. The T3 receptor not
      only fails to activate transcription from estrogen response elements in vivo, but
      inhibits estrogen-dependent transactivation. We propose that the T3 receptor
      binds to estrogen response elements in a transcriptionally inactive form and
      competes for estrogen receptor binding, resulting in a net decrease in gene
      expression. These data reveal that only a subset of T3 receptor DNA-binding
      elements function as T3 response elements.

PMID- 3396074
TI  - Flagellar dynamometer controls swarmer cell differentiation of V.
      parahaemolyticus.
AB  - Swarmer cell genes, laf, are induced when V. parahaemolyticus is grown on the
      surface of solidified media, embedded in solidified media, suspended in viscous
      media, or agglutinated with antibody in liquid media. These conditions have in
      common the constraint of the movement of the polar flagellum. To test the
      hypothesis that the polar flagellum functions as a sensor necessary for control
      of swarmer cell formation, we have constructed a variety of mutations in genes
      encoding components of the polar flagellum, fla. The consequence of such
      mutations is the constitutive expression of laf genes. So, the performance of the
      polar flagellum is coupled to the transcription of laf genes such that when
      function is perturbed, either physically or genetically, swarmer cell genes are
      induced. Because the polar flagellum appears to be capable of sensing external
      forces influencing its motion, we suggest it is acting as a dynamometer.

PMID- 3396075
TI  - Polygonal networks, "geodomes", of adult rat hepatocytes in primary culture.
AB  - Polygonal networks, "geodomes", in cultured hepatocytes of adult rats were
      examined by both light and electron microscopy. On light microscopical
      examinations of specimens stained with Coomassie blue after the treatment with
      Triton X-100, the networks were detected 5 days after culture, which consisted of
      triangles arranged mainly in hexagonal patterns. They surrounded main cell body,
      looking like a headband, or were occasionally situated over nuclei, looking like
      a geodesic dome. Scanning electron microscopical observations after Triton
      treatment revealed that these structures were located underneath surface
      membrane. Transmission electron microscopical investigations revealed that the
      connecting fibers of networks consisted of microfilaments which radiated in a
      compact bundle from electron-dense vertices.

PMID- 3396076
TI  - Evidence that 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin induces NADPH cytochrome c (P
      450) reductase in rat hepatoma cells in culture.
AB  - The lack of aryl hydrocarbon (benzo[a]pyrene) hydroxylase (AHH) (EC 1.14.14.1)
      induction by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in a clone of rat
      hepatoma (HTC cl-1) cells is not caused by the lack of nuclear Ah receptor or by
      a deficiency in the activity of NADPH-cytochrome c (P-450) reductase. Treatment
      of HTC cl-1 cell line with TCDD for 18 h in culture resulted in a reproducible
      500-600% increase in reductase activity without concomitant expression in AHH
      activity. These data suggests that TCDD induces cytochrome c reductase activity
      and that the lack of inducible AHH activity in rat hepatoma cells could reflect a
      defect in the structural gene (s) encoding for cytochrome P1-450, or an Ah
      receptor with a faulty DNA binding domain.

PMID- 3396077
TI  - Abstracts for a meeting on calcium detection and measurement. W. Sussex, 14th
      November, 1987.

PMID- 3396078
TI  - The inhibitory effect of serum on cell attachment can be prevented by cobalt
      protoporphyrin IX.
AB  - The rate of attachment of chick embryo fibroblasts (CEF) incubated for 1 h at pH
      6 in the absence of serum, was equal to about 90% with 2% of spreading cells. The
      addition of 1% horse serum (HS) decreased to about 30% the rate of attached cells
      but increased to about 30% the proportion of spreading cells. We found that 3
      microM cobalt-protoporphyrin IX (CoPP) added for 3 min before the addition of 1%
      HS increased both the rate of cell attachment (about 60%) and the proportion of
      cell spreading (about 50%).

PMID- 3396079
TI  - Manganese inhibits benzoyl peroxide/copper-dependent lipid peroxidation in the
      microsomal fraction of rabbit dental pulp.
AB  - 1. Of all the cations tested only manganese ion inhibited the benzoyl
      peroxide/Cu2+-dependent formation of thiobarbituric acid (TBA)-reactive
      substance. 2. Ki of Mn2+ for the formation of TBA-reactive substance was 5.0
      microM. 3. The inhibitory manner of manganese was non competitive against copper.

PMID- 3396080
TI  - Trypanocidal activity of free and carrier bound daunorubicin.
AB  - Activities of a range of macromolecular conjugates of daunorubicin against
      Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense in vitro and in vivo are described and compared to
      those of free daunorubicin. Conjugates tested were daunorubicin attached to
      bovine serum albumin by (i) a labile 'glutaraldehyde' linkage (D-BSAG), and (ii)
      a stable succinyl linkage (D-BSAS), daunorubicin covalently linked to agarose
      beads (D-AG), and daunorubicin adsorbed onto polyisobutylcyanoacrylate
      nanoparticles (D-PICA). Trypanocidal activity in vitro was retained in all except
      D-BSAS, whereas in vivo only D-BSAG had any activity. The results indicate that
      daunorubicin must be released from the conjugate before it can exert its
      activity.

PMID- 3396081
TI  - Growth of mouse mammary epithelium in response to serum-free media conditioned by
      mammary adipose tissue.
AB  - Normal mouse mammary epithelial cells, isolated from female Balb/c mice, were
      cultured as multicellular organoids either on or within collagen gel matrices.
      Cultures were maintained in either serum-free control medium or the same medium
      conditioned by mammary adipose tissue. A significant proliferative response above
      that observed in control cultures (2.5-3.5 fold increase) was induced by
      conditioned medium derived from either mammary fat-pad explants or isolated
      adipocytes. In addition, scanning electron microscopy revealed epithelial
      morphology to be preserved in a more in vivo-like state in the conditioned
      medium. We conclude that diffusible factors derived from the mouse mammary fat
      pad influence the proliferative activity and morphology of mammary epithelial
      cells in culture.

PMID- 3396082
TI  - Nuclear matrix-intermediate filament system and its alteration in adenovirus
      infected HeLa cell.
AB  - The nuclear matrix-intermediate filament (NM-IF) of normal and adenovirus
      infected HeLa cells were investigated by means of both electron microscopy and
      two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. After infection there were some changes in
      NM-IF, and the viral factory was suspended in nuclear matrix. Two new
      polypeptides appeared in 2-D gel of NM-IF after infection. They are probably not
      viral proteins but cellular polypeptides. During viral replication, all of
      vimentin were degraded and phosphorylated keratin 18 increased. These facts
      suggest that NM-IF plays a certain role in adenovirus replication.

PMID- 3396083
TI  - [Spectrofluorimetric determination of FAD, FMN and free riboflavin in the blood].

PMID- 3396084
TI  - [Colloidal solutions of the polymethacrylate Duxon. I. Effect of repeated
      intravenous administration in experimental rabbits on hematologic and biochemical
      parameters].

PMID- 3396085
TI  - [Antioxidants from the aspect of their potential use in chemotherapy].

PMID- 3396086
TI  - [Pharmaceutical terminology. I. Concepts, use and significance of work in
      pharmaceutical terminology].

PMID- 3396087
TI  - [Fluorescence reaction of Amidepine with N-bromosuccinimide].

PMID- 3396089
TI  - [2 instruments for iontophoresis].

PMID- 3396088
TI  - [HPLC analysis of salicylic acid in plasma with detection in a visible region].

PMID- 3396090
TI  - [A model of physical endurance (swimming) in laboratory rats].

PMID- 3396091
TI  - [Physostigmine antagonizes benzodiazepine-induced amnesia in mice].

PMID- 3396092
TI  - [Functional morphology of the atrioventricular junction].

PMID- 3396093
TI  - [Alcoholic cholestasis of the liver].

PMID- 3396094
TI  - [Ebstein's malformation of the tricuspid valve with mesothelioma of the
      pericardium].

PMID- 3396095
TI  - [Coronarography as a part of autopsy].

PMID- 3396096
TI  - [Survey of changes in the lymph nodes and spleen in HIV infection--significance
      for the early diagnosis of AIDS].

PMID- 3396097
TI  - [Necrotic and scarring changes in the myocardium and skeletal muscles in
      mucoviscidosis].

PMID- 3396098
TI  - [Hemorrhage in the cerebral ventricles in neonates. Contribution to its etiology
      and pathomorphology].

PMID- 3396099
TI  - [Evaluation of occupational rehabilitation in schizophrenics (pilot study)].

PMID- 3396101
TI  - [Psychiatric terminology].

PMID- 3396100
TI  - [Use of evoked potentials in psychiatry. I. Auditory evoked potentials in healthy
      persons before and after the administration of haloperidol].

PMID- 3396102
TI  - [Psychopathology and clinical aspects of mental disorders in organic brain damage
      in children].

PMID- 3396103
TI  - [Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in pregnancy and its consequences for the
      child (4 case reports)].

PMID- 3396104
TI  - [Temporal trends and debrachycephalization in Czech children in the 1st year of
      life].

PMID- 3396106
TI  - [A reducing diet for children].

PMID- 3396105
TI  - [Offspring born after treatment of women for primary sterility].

PMID- 3396107
TI  - [The physician and the computer. 16. Decision theory].

PMID- 3396109
TI  - [Passive smoking and sudden infant death syndrome].

PMID- 3396108
TI  - [Projection of the population in Czechoslovakia to the year 2010 and the economic
      consequences].

PMID- 3396110
TI  - [Treatment of urinary tract infections in girls using a single dose of drugs].

PMID- 3396111
TI  - [Blood group and sex of infants treated with exchange transfusion for hemolytic
      ABO disease].

PMID- 3396112
TI  - [Computer tomography in various types of glioma and brain abscess].

PMID- 3396113
TI  - [Experience with chain cystourethrography in the diagnosis of urinary
      incontinence in women].

PMID- 3396114
TI  - [Osteonecrosis of the femur head as a complication of combined therapy of
      malignant lymphoma].

PMID- 3396115
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of PTT-119 in man.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of PTT-119, a new alkylating agent, was studied in 8
      advanced cancer patients. PTT-119 disappeared rapidly from plasma after
      administration at a dose of 3 mg/kg by i.v. bolus injection. The HPLC method
      shows plasma levels of m-bis (dichloroethyl)amino-phenyl-L-alanine which is the
      major metabolite of PPT-119. Elimination of the drug from plasma can be described
      by a one-compartment model. Mean values of 77.8 min for the half-life, 510.8
      ml/min for the total plasma clearance and 0.69 l/kg for the volume of
      distribution were found.

PMID- 3396117
TI  - Activity of xibornol against Staphylococcus aureus.
AB  - The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and the minimal bactericidal
      concentrations (MBC) of xibornol against 100 strains of Staphylococcus aureus,
      clinically isolated, have been evaluated. Xibornol has shown very good in vitro
      activity and a significant uniformity of the results. In fact the inhibitory and
      bactericidal activity range was between 2 micrograms/ml and 8 micrograms/ml.

PMID- 3396116
TI  - Cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil in recurrent head and neck cancer: results of an
      outpatient schedule.
AB  - Thirty patients with recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck were
      treated with an outpatient schedule: cisplatin (100 mg/m2) day 1 and an 8-hour
      infusion of 5-fluorouracil (1000 mg/m2) on days 1-4 every 28 days. Twenty-eight
      patients were evaluable for response and toxicity: there were 5 complete
      responses (17.8%), 12 partial responses (42.8%), 6 stable disease (21.6%) and 5
      progressions (17.8%). Patients with good performance status had a better
      response; patients who received prior chemotherapy had less positive responses.
      Median remission duration was 30+ weeks in patients who had a complete response,
      25+ weeks in patients with a partial response. Median overall survival was 28+
      weeks: 36+ weeks for responders and 14 weeks for non-responders. The major toxic
      effect was nausea/vomiting, while myelosuppression and stomatitis were less
      frequent and never severe.

PMID- 3396118
TI  - Fosfomycin versus ampicillin in the treatment of acute pyelonephritis.
AB  - In a controlled open study of 38 patients with acute pyelonephritis, treatment
      with fosfomycin 8 g b.i.d. was compared to treatment with ampicillin 2 g t.i.d.,
      both for one week. The most common pathogen in both groups was Escherichia coli,
      susceptible to fosfomycin. However, 17% were resistant to ampicillin. The success
      rate was 44% in the fosfomycin treated group and 28% in the ampicillin group. The
      difference was not significant (p greater than 0.20). Peak concentrations of
      fosfomycin in serum were 395 mg/l and in tissue fluid 85 mg/l. Urine
      concentrations ranged from 6990 to 24,320 mg/l.

PMID- 3396119
TI  - Microsomal metabolism of picene.
AB  - Picene, a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) of environmental relevance has
      recently been predicted to be carcinogenic, based on quantum mechanical
      calculation, although in several animal studies no carcinogenicity could be
      detected. In order to find out if the metabolism of this PAH can provide an
      explanation for its lack of carcinogenicity, picene was incubated with the
      hepatic microsomal fraction of Sprague-Dawley rats, which had been pretreated
      with Aroclor 1254. Sixteen ethyl acetate-extractable metabolites could be
      separated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Comparison of
      the chromatographic behavior and the UV and mass spectral properties of the
      metabolites with those of synthetic derivatives of picene allowed the
      identification of trans-1,2-, -3,4-, -5,6-dihydrodiol as well as 2- and 4-phenol
      as microsomal metabolites of picene. At a substrate concentration of 2.7 microM
      and an amount of 68 micrograms microsomal protein per ml incubation volume, 4
      picenol was the main microsomal metabolite with 32.2% of total metabolic
      conversion, followed by the 1,2-(bay-region)dihydrodiol with 16.7%, the 3,4-(M
      region)dihydrodiol with 15.9%, 2-picenol with 9.1% and the 5,6-(K
      region)dihydrodiol with 1.6%. In this respect the metabolism of picene is not
      significantly different from that of the carcinogenic PAH benzo[a]pyrene and
      dibenz[a,h]anthracene. The M-region dihydrodiols, potential precursors of
      electrophilically reactive dihydrodiol bay-region epoxides, are formed from all
      three PAHs at 11-16% of total metabolic conversion. From the 2.8- to 4.4-fold
      lower amounts of polar and water-soluble metabolites of picene as compared to
      dibenz[a,h]anthracene and benzo[a]pyrene it is deduced that dihydrodiol epoxides
      are generated from picene to a much smaller extent than from the two carcinogenic
      PAHs. The lacking carcinogenicity of picene could therefore result from the
      inability of microsomal enzymes to transform its M-region dihydrodiol to
      dihydrodiol bay-region epoxides in amounts necessary to initiate carcinogenesis.

PMID- 3396120
TI  - Recovery of malondialdehyde in urine as a 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine derivative
      analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - Malondialdehyde (MDA) in urine was measured as a 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine
      (DNPH) derivative using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for the
      analysis. MDA standard coeluted with a peak obtained from rat urine after i.p.
      administration of MDA standard. This peak was also the only peak containing 14C
      after injection of a [14C]MDA standard, and was shown by mass spectrometry to
      contain 1-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)pyrazole, the derivative formed when MDA is treated
      with DNPH. Depending on the amount given (0.3-5.5 mumol), the recovery (after 24
      h sampling period) in urine was 0.7-2.6%. This apparent non-linear kinetics may
      relate to several factors, such as dose-dependent metabolism. However, the peak
      urinary concentration approached the expected plasma concentration and
      reproducible recovery data were obtained, suggesting that MDA was passively
      excreted in a reasonably stable form. These data indicate that monitoring MDA
      excretion in urine can give useful information about lipid peroxidation in vivo.

PMID- 3396121
TI  - Reduction of ferryl- and metmyoglobin to ferrous myoglobin by menadione
      glutathione conjugate. Spectrophotometric studies under aerobic and anaerobic
      conditions.
AB  - Both metmyoglobin (MbIII) and ferrylmyoglobin (MbIV) are reduced by the menadiol
      glutathione conjugate (GS-Q2-) to oxymyoglobin (MbIIO2) or deoxymyoglobin (MbII),
      depending whether the assay is carried out under aerobic or anaerobic conditions,
      respectively. Under aerobic conditions, the reduction of MbIII to MbIIO2 by GS-Q2
      is associated with O2 consumption. The latter process is accounted for by (a)
      the autoxidation of the conjugate yielding H2O2 and (b) the rapid binding of O2
      to MbII to yield MbIIO2. The ratio [O2]consumed/[MbIIO2]formed is approximately
      1.5 at the time when MbIIO2 formation is maximal (at about 0.8 min). This ratio,
      higher than the unit, indicates that there is more than one O2-consuming reaction
      in this experimental model. The ratio of initial rates of O2 consumption and
      MbIIO2 formation is close to the unit [(-dO2/dt)/(+ dMbIIO2/dt) = 1.1]. The
      formation of H2O2 originating during the autoxidation of the GS-Q2- is
      substantially lower in the presence of MbIII, probably due to the heterolytic
      cleavage of the O--O bond of the peroxide by the hemoprotein. Although the latter
      reaction should yield MbIV, this species is not observed in the absorption
      spectrum, probably due to its rapid reduction by GS-Q2-. MbIV is reduced to
      MbIIO2 by the GS-Q2-. Whether this reaction takes place in one-electron transfer
      steps, that is, the sequence: MbIV----MbIII----MbIIO2 is difficult to evaluate by
      absorption spectral analysis, due to the rapid rate of the [MbIV----MbIIO2]
      transition. Under anaerobic conditions, the reduction of either MbIII or MbIV by
      GS-Q2- yields MbII as a stable molecular product. Anaerobic conditions prevent
      any further interaction of MbII with intermediates of O2 reduction derived from
      GS-Q2- autoxidation.

PMID- 3396122
TI  - Reduction of ferrylmyoglobin to metmyoglobin by quinonoid compounds.
AB  - Several quinoid compounds mediated the reduction of ferrylmyoglobin (MbIV) to
      metmyoglobin (MbIII). The efficiency of the MbIV reduction to MbIII was
      accomplished by the quinones in the following order: p-benzoquinone greater than
      1,4-naphthoquinone greater than 2-OH-1,4-naphthoquinone greater than 2,3-epoxy
      1,4-naphthoquinone. The quinone-mediated reduction of MbIV to MbIII had the
      following characteristics: (a) it was stoichiometrically--rather than
      catalytically--related to the number of cycles of the MbIV----MbIII transition
      involving the reduction of H2O2. (b) It proceeded with similar efficiencies under
      aerobic and anaerobic conditions. (c) It did not require the free radical form of
      MbIV(.MbIV), thus excluding a two-electron oxidation of the quinone. (d) the
      nucleophilic addition of--NH2 groups of the apoprotein on the quinone seemed not
      to be involved through an alternative pathway in the reduction of MbIV,
      especially since 2-OH-1,4-naphthoquinone, a compound which cannot undergo
      nucleophilic addition, also facilitated the reduction of the ferryl compound. (e)
      No two-electron oxidation products of the unsubstituted quinones, such as quinone
      epoxides, were detected in the spent reaction mixture analyzed by HPLC with
      electrochemical detection. On the basis of these observations, it is suggested
      that the reduction of MbIV to MbIII by the above quinonoid compounds is a one
      electron transfer process, with electron abstraction being probably accomplished
      at some site in the benzo ring of the quinone.

PMID- 3396124
TI  - [Technic of processing rhizoma Corydalis with vinegar].

PMID- 3396123
TI  - Early alteration in liver of rats fed 2-fluorenylacetamide investigated by L
      ethionine probe.
AB  - The metabolic activity of liver of rats fed a diet containing 0.03% 2-N
      fluorenylacetamide (FAA) was investigated using the probe of L-[ethyl
      14C]ethionine (613 mumol L-E/100 g body wt.). Shortly after the onset of the
      carcinogenic regimen, the capacity of liver to accumulate S-adenosylethionine
      (SAE) began to decline, reaching its minimum (30% of the concentration in control
      rats) within 3 weeks. This decreased capacity to accumulate SAE results from the
      FAA-induced decrease in activity of ATP-L-methionine adenosyltransferase. The
      concentration of hepatic ATP assayed without L-ethionine (L-E) probe also
      declined during the first 2 weeks of the carcinogenic regimen, but then
      increased, attaining the normal values within 2 more weeks. Administering the L-E
      probe to the FAA-fed rats produced an even greater drop in hepatic ATP
      concentration during the first 2 weeks; however from the third week on, the L-E
      dose produced no depressing effect, despite the SAE accumulation remaining at its
      same depressed levels and, therefore, trapping the same amount of ATP as in the
      previous weeks. The results show that the modification of L-E metabolism and of
      ATP turnover, observed previously in DL-E fed rats, need not be specific for the
      carcinogen fed and can occur even when the carcinogens are metabolized by
      different enzymatic systems.

PMID- 3396125
TI  - [Quality control of the oral liquid of xiexia tongyu].

PMID- 3396126
TI  - [Chemical constituents of the aerial parts of Bupleurum chinese DC].

PMID- 3396127
TI  - [Analysis of the chemical constituents of Gekko gecko Linnaeus].

PMID- 3396128
TI  - [Isolation and identification of the anti-tumor constituent, ginsenoside-Rh2].

PMID- 3396129
TI  - [An applied research on red ginseng rhizome].

PMID- 3396130
TI  - [Medicinal plants of rhizoma Coptidis].

PMID- 3396131
TI  - [Plant origin of the commercial drug fangfeng].

PMID- 3396132
TI  - Inhibitors of sterol synthesis. The effects of dietary 5 alpha-cholest-8(14)-en-3
      beta-ol-15-one on the fate of [4-14C]cholesterol and [2,4-3H]5 alpha-cholest
      8(14)-en-3 beta-ol-15-one after intragastric administration to rats.
AB  - The effect of dietary administration (0.1% in a rat chow diet) of 5 alpha-cholest
      8(14)-en-3 beta-ol-15-one, a potent inhibitor of cholesterol biosynthesis with
      marked hypocholesterolemic activity, on the fate of [4-14C]cholesterol and [2,4
      3H]5 alpha-cholest-8(14)-en-3 beta-ol-15-one has been studied after intragastric
      administration of the labeled sterols to rats. In general, the distribution of 3H
      in major tissues paralleled that of 14C with no unusual concentration of 3H in
      any of the organs. Only trace amounts of 3H and 14C were recovered in urine.
      Administration of the 15-ketosterol was associated with decreased absorption of
      the labeled cholesterol as indicated by decreased levels of 14C in the various
      tissues and organs of the 15-ketosterol-treated rats (relative to ad libitum and
      pair-fed control animals) and increased levels of 14C in feces and intestinal
      contents at 12 and 48 h after the administration of the labeled cholesterol.
      Studies of the distribution of 3H in liver indicated rapid conversion of the 15
      ketosterol to cholesterol and cholesteryl esters. The amounts of 3H recovered in
      the various tissues and organs at both 12 and 48 h after the administration of
      the labeled sterols were considerably less than the corresponding values for 14C,
      a finding which suggests a lower absorption of the 15-ketosterol (relative to
      cholesterol) and/or a more rapid clearance and biliary excretion of the 15
      ketosterol and its metabolites.

PMID- 3396133
TI  - Inhibitors of cholesterol biosynthesis. Further studies of the metabolism of 5
      alpha-cholest-8(14)-en-3 beta-ol-15-one in rat liver preparations.
AB  - 5 alpha-Cholest-8(14)-en-3 beta-ol-15-one is a potent inhibitor of sterol
      biosynthesis in mammalian cells in culture and has significant
      hypocholesterolemic activity upon oral administration to rodents and non-human
      primates. The conversion of the 15-ketosterol to cholesterol upon incubation with
      the 10,000 x g supernatant fraction of rat liver homogenate preparations under
      aerobic conditions has been reported (D.J. Monger, E.J. Parish and G.J.
      Schroepfer, Jr. (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 11122-11129). Presented herein are
      results of studies of the metabolism of [2,4-3H]5 alpha-cholest-8(14)-en-3 beta
      ol-15-one obtained upon incubation with the microsomal, cytosolic and the 10,000
      x g supernatant fractions of liver homogenates of female rats under a variety of
      conditions. The results of these studies indicated metabolism of the 15
      ketosterol to materials with the chromatographic properties of fatty acid esters
      of the 15-ketosterol, fatty acid esters of C27-monohydroxysterols, a component
      similar to the 15-ketosterol (possibly an isomer of the delta 8(14)-15
      ketosterol), and a polar component. Detailed studies of the C27
      monohydroxysterols obtained from incubation of the 15-ketosterol under anaerobic
      conditions indicated the formation of labeled 5 alpha-cholesta-8,14-dien-3 beta
      ol and 5 alpha-cholest-7-en-3 beta-ol which were characterized by their behavior
      on silicic acid column chromatography, by the behavior of their acetate
      derivatives on medium pressure liquid chromatography on alumina-AgNO3 columns,
      and by co-crystallization of the labeled sterols with authentic unlabeled
      standards. The identification of 5 alpha-cholesta-8,14-dien-3 beta-ol and 5 alpha
      cholest-7-en-3 beta-ol as metabolites of the 15-ketesterol, coupled with previous
      studies of the metabolism of 5 alpha-cholesta-8,14-dien-3 beta-ol and of 5 alpha
      cholest-8(14)-ene-3 beta, 15 alpha-diol and 5 alpha-cholest-8(14)-ene-3 beta, 15
      beta-diol has permitted the formulation of a scheme for the overall metabolism of
      the 15-ketosterol to cholesterol.

PMID- 3396134
TI  - Location of terminal methyl groups of acyl chains in the bilayer of unilamellar
      phosphatidylcholine liposomes: a 13C-NMR study.
AB  - The spin-lattice 13C-NMR relaxation time T1 of carbons in egg yolk
      phosphatidylcholine (EYPC) unilamellar liposomes was measured at 15 MHz, 25 MHz
      and 75 MHz in the presence of diamagnetic La3+ and paramagnetic Gd3+ ions.
      Supposing formation of ML2 complexes (where M is the metal ion and L the lipid)
      and using a simplified Solomon-Bloembergen-Morgan equation, a value of less than
      r-3IS greater than 2 = 0.1880 +/- 0.0005 nm-6 was obtained for C omega carbon of
      lipid chains, where rIS is the distance of Gd3+ unpaired electron and C omega
      nucleus, and angle brackets denote a weighted average. This value may serve as
      the basis for testing the application of statistical mechanics to lipid chain
      conformation and chain terminal group distribution in lipid bilayers.

PMID- 3396135
TI  - [Congenital diaphragmatic hernia. 120 neonatal cases. Preliminary study].
AB  - 120 newborns with a congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) were treated during the
      first day after birth in the Department of Pediatric Surgery at Saint Vincent de
      Paul's Hospital from 1980 to 1987. The overall survival rate was 40%. The
      influence of prenatal diagnosis, clinical and anatomical aspects is analysed. The
      side and the size of the defect, the intra-thoracic liver, the intestinal
      malrotation and the abdominal hypoplasia are significant prognosis factors. This
      preliminary study suggests that the natural history of CDH may be responsible of
      two different diseases: a disease with an early visceral intra-thoracic growth,
      and a severe lung hypoplasia; another one with a secondary herniation of the
      intra-abdominal mass, and a better prognosis.

PMID- 3396136
TI  - [Osteoid osteoma of the femur neck in children and adolescents. Apropos of 12
      cases].
AB  - Specific characters of the osteoma osteoid as a beniGN tumor are well known. We
      report twelve cases of femoral neck localisation. Delays in diagnosis of six
      months to one year after the onset of symptoms are quite common. Chronic or
      recurrent pain is localised in the inguinal area with a projection to the leg and
      to the knee. The pain was relieved by Aspirin in six cases only. X ray of the
      pelvis antero-posterior showed the tumor, but did not always show the lucent
      image with the surrounding sclerotic area that is well observed with tomography.
      The scintigraphy with technetium 99 is perhaps more sensitive as a way of
      diagnosis. The lesion is the place of intensive uptake. Although the surgical
      excision "in block" and the replacing of bone graft and material of
      osteosynthesis gave positive results, many technical problems are present during
      the intervention because of the important cortical reaction and bone
      densification. In six cases, peroperative X Ray and histology did not give
      diagnosis.

PMID- 3396137
TI  - [Fatal cardiac complications in a child operated on for severe scoliosis with a
      Coffin-Lowry syndrome. Apropos of a case].
AB  - The Coffin-Lowry is characterized by mental retardation, characteristic facies
      and hands, and skeletal changes. Discovery of two others brothers presenting
      vertebral curvature and suffering from the same syndrome led to a familial
      investigation which allowed the making of an inventory of six members affected in
      this family. Only subjects with characteristic fingers were included because
      according to Lowry this anomaly is necessary to assert the Coffin-Lowry syndrome.
      The series is quite interesting because this is the greatest of Lowry with five
      cases. The authors emphasize the importance of a detailed preoperative cardiac
      exploration to search for cardiomyopathy the existence of which in Coffin-Lowry
      syndrome was never noted before.

PMID- 3396138
TI  - [External epiphysiolysis with caput valga. Apropos of 2 cases].
AB  - External epiphysiolysis with valgus slip of the femoral epiphysis is rare. The
      authors report two such chronic cases, one unilateral and the other bilateral.
      This disorder complicates a coxa valga with a reversed cephalic growth plate,
      downward and externally. This coxa valga which appears constitutional is
      sometimes associated with an increase in femoral antetorsion. Treatment is the
      same as classical varus slip of the femoral epiphysis.

PMID- 3396139
TI  - [A case of post-traumatic intrapericardial hernia in a child].
AB  - Rupture of the diaphragm and pericardium after blunt abdominal injury is a rare
      and serious lesion. This rupture can produce a secondary subacute or chronic
      cardiac tamponade due to herniation of the abdominal contents into the
      pericardial cavity. Diagnosis is difficult and therefore rarely mode early.
      Surgical repair can be made by thoracotomy or laparotomy.

PMID- 3396140
TI  - [Follicular ileitis (Golden syndrome). Apropos of 2 cases].
AB  - We report on two cases with the seldom diagnosis of papillary lymphoid
      hyperplasia. In both cases the children were boys in the primary school age. The
      admission was performed due to rectal bleeding, abdominal colics and vomiting.
      Intraoperatively we found papillary changes in the terminal ileum. Suggestions to
      intra-operative management and literature comparison are given in this study.

PMID- 3396141
TI  - [Intestinal perforation in abdominal contusions in children. 16 cases].
AB  - 16 cases of intestinal perforation following blunt abdominal trauma in children
      (14 boys and 2 girls from 3, 5 to 15 years old) are recorded in a 18 years
      period. We found 12 injuries of the small bowel, 2 of the colon and 2 of the
      duodenum. Except in the cases with hypovolemia or traumatic coma, the diagnosis
      is often made on abdominal physical findings and clinical evolution. Laboratory
      and radiological data were often useless. Then, surgical management was often
      delayed, principally in the most recent period with the non operative management
      of most pediatric blunt trauma. Simple closure (7 cases), resection and
      anastomosis (7 cases) or resection and double ostomy (2 cases) were performed.
      The result summarize 2 death and one complication (fistula). Complications do not
      increase with delay.

PMID- 3396142
TI  - Alterations in plasma pharmacokinetics of cisplatin in tumor-bearing rats.
AB  - Rats were inoculated s.c. with the Walker 256 solid carcinosarcoma, and when
      tumors reached a weight of approximately 2-3 g, pharmacokinetics, tissue
      distribution, and urinary excretion of 195mPt-labelled cisplatin were studied.
      Cisplatin was given i.v., blood was sampled through arterial cannulae, and data
      were fitted to a three-compartment model. Distribution half-times were prolonged
      two- to threefold in tumor-bearing animals, although there was no change in
      elimination half-time. Initial and steady-state volumes of distribution were also
      increased in tumor-bearing animals. There was no change in AUC, urinary
      excretion, tissue distribution, or plasma protein binding. The results indicate
      that a solid tumor represents an additional compartment for distribution of
      cisplatin and alters the rate at which cisplatin is distributed from the plasma.

PMID- 3396143
TI  - Comparison of glutathione S-transferase activity between drug-resistant and 
      sensitive human tumor cells: is glutathione S-transferase associated with
      multidrug resistance?
AB  - We have studied the levels of glutathione S-transferase in drug-resistant and 
      sensitive human tumor cell lines to examine a possible involvement of glutathione
      S-transferase (GST) in multidrug resistance mechanisms. No increase in the
      activity of glutathione S-transferase was detected in myelogenous leukemia K562
      resistant to adriamycin (K562/ADM), ovarian carcinoma cell line A2780 resistant
      to adriamycin (2780AD), or acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line CCRF-CEM
      resistant to vinblastine (CEM-VLB100), compared with the drug-sensitive parent
      tumor cells. The human breast cancer cell lines Hattori and MCF-7 had a 12- to 63
      fold lower level of glutathione S-transferase activity than K562, A2780, CCRF
      CEM, and their drug-resistant sublines. Induction of ADM resistance in Hattori
      did not increase the activity of glutathione S-transferase. However, induction of
      colchicine resistance in MCF-7 resulted in a 70-fold increase in the activity of
      glutathione S-transferase. A revertant of the colchicine-resistant MCF-7
      contained a level of glutathione S-transferase activity similar to that of the
      resistant subline. The increase of glutathione S-transferase activity did not
      alter the sensitivity of the cell to cytotoxic drugs. The increased activity was
      due to the appearance of glutathione S-transferase pi, as shown by enzyme
      inhibition using anti-glutathione S-transferase pi antibody. Our findings
      indicate that increased cellular glutathione S-transferase activity is not
      associated with the development of multidrug resistance.

PMID- 3396145
TI  - Dose-dependent pharmacokinetics of flavone acetic acid in mice.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of the novel anticancer agent, flavone acetic acid (FAA)
      were investigated in Balb-c mice treated with i.v. doses of 100 mg/kg or 300
      mg/kg, using an HPLC assay. The kinetics of disappearance from plasma was
      monoexponential and dose-dependent. After 100 mg/kg, the plasma peak level was
      250 +/- 11 micrograms/ml, t1/2 was 0.5 h, and AUC was 309 micrograms/ml per h.
      After 300 mg/kg, the plasma peak level was 710 +/- 57 micrograms/ml, t1/2 was 2.1
      h, and the area under the curve (AUC) 1771 micrograms/ml h. Mouse plasma protein
      binding of FAA was about 70%. As is the case with plasma, in all tissues
      analyzed, the FAA-AUC values were disproportinately greater after 300 mg/kg than
      after 100 mg/kg. The highest drug concentrations were found in the liver and
      small intestine; concentrations were intermediate in lung, heart, and spleen, and
      lowest in brain. Less than 5% of the FAA dose was eliminated as unchanged drug in
      the stool. Total excretion of FAA as unchanged drug in the urine collected up to
      96 h after drug treatment corresponded to 75% and 60% of the i.v. doses of 100
      and 300 mg/kg, respectively. A minor fraction of FAA dose, corresponding to 1%
      and 6% of the two doses, was eliminated in the urine as a FAA glucuronide or
      sulfate.

PMID- 3396144
TI  - Enhanced cytotoxicity with methotrexate in conjunction with hypoxanthine in L1210
      cells in culture.
AB  - By inhibiting dihydrofolate reductase, methotrexate (MTX) depletes cellular
      stores of reduced folates, resulting in the inhibition of DNA and RNA synthesis.
      Inhibition of RNA synthesis arrests cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle,
      preventing these cells from entering S phase and rendering them insensitive to
      MTX. Because MTX cytotoxicity can be enhanced by concurrent administration of
      hypoxanthine (HX), we examined the hypothesis that this modulation can allow
      normal rates of RNA synthesis and cell cycle progression from G1 to S phase. For
      L1210 cells exposed to MTX for 12 h or 24 h, the addition of HX enhanced the
      cytotoxicity of MTX; however, no enhancement was observed with a 6-h exposure.
      Inhibition of RNA synthesis by MTX was prevented by concurrent administration of
      HX. The effect of HX on cell cycle progression was first examined using flow
      cytometry, which indicated that MTX treatment alone or with concurrent HX caused
      a buildup of cells with a G1 content of DNA. Because this technique may fail to
      distinguish between cells in late G1 phase, the G1/S border, or early S, the
      method of premature chromosome condensation was used to determine cell cycle
      position based on chromatin morphology. A shift to a higher degree of chromatin
      decondensation was observed when HX was coadministered with MTX during a 12-h
      exposure, suggesting progression from G1 towards S. This correlated with the
      enhancement of MTX cytotoxicity by HX after 12 h exposure. The results of these
      studies suggest that HX potentiates MTX cytotoxicity by maintaining RNA
      synthesis, allowing cells that might ordinarily be arrested in G1 to progress
      into the cytotoxic S phase.

PMID- 3396146
TI  - Salivary concentrations of hexamethylene bisacetamide (HMBA) in patients
      receiving 5-day continuous infusions.
AB  - Salivary and plasma concentrations of hexamethylene bisacetamide (HMBA) were
      studied to determine (1) how the concentrations of HMBA achieved in saliva
      compared with those required to induce differentiation in vitro, and (2) whether
      saliva might substitute for plasma as a biologic fluid on which to base dosage
      adjustment. Plasma and expectorated saliva were collected concomitantly from 16
      patients receiving 5-day continuous infusions of HMBA. The concentrations of HMBA
      in each fluid were determined by gas chromatography. The patients displayed a
      range of periodontal disease from gingivitis to complete edentia, but periodontal
      disease status did not appear to influence the salivary behavior of HMBA, which
      mirrored that of the drug in plasma, with concentrations of HMBA increasing in
      both fluids during the first 12-16 h of infusion. Between 24 and 120 h, HMBA
      concentrations in saliva and plasma remained constant. In some patients, salivary
      HMBA concentrations lagged behind those in plasma during the first 6-8 h of
      infusion, but after that the salivary HMBA concentrations approximated those in
      the plasma. Salivary concentrations of HMBA between 0.96 and 2.56 mM were
      associated with nontoxic plasma concentrations of HMBA. Therefore, in patients
      with restricted venous access, saliva might be a suitable substitute for plasma
      if adaptive control-dosing schemes for HMBA are employed. Moreover, the
      concentrations of HMBA in saliva bathing the oral cavity are quantitatively
      comparable to those required for induction of cell differentiation in vitro.

PMID- 3396148
TI  - High activity of mitoxantrone in previously untreated low-grade lymphomas.
AB  - A consecutive series of 21 previously untreated patients with low-grade non
      Hodgkin lymphomas were treated with mitoxantrone 5 mg/m2 daily for 3 days every 3
      weeks. The cumulative dose did not exceed 165 mg/m2 in any patient. In this
      group, 7 patients had small lymphocytic lymphomas, 10 patients had follicular
      small cleaved cell lymphomas, and 4 patients had follicular mixed small- and
      large-cell lymphomas. Of the 21 patients, 20 obtained remission (complete in 6,
      partial in 14), and 15 of these are still in remission. Relapse-free survival is
      68% at 2 years. None of the patients has died. Nonhematologic toxicity was
      modest. No severe alopecia was seen, and only 6 patients had nausea and vomiting
      (WHO grade 1-3). No cardiac toxicity was seen. In conclusion, mitoxantrone is a
      highly active and well-tolerated drug in this subset of patients. Hematologic
      toxicity, especially leukopenia, was dose limiting, and a reduction of the dose
      was necessary in 15 out of the 21 patients.

PMID- 3396147
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of Anandron in patients with advanced carcinoma of the prostate.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of total radioactivity and unchanged drug were studied in
      patients receiving Anandron (Nilutamide, RU 23908) after a single dose of [14C]
      Anandron and after q12 h dosings of unlabelled drug for 2-7 weeks. The results
      indicate that the radioactivity in plasma consists of unchanged drug and
      metabolites. The plasma decay of Anandron after the absorption phase was
      biexponential in all patients, with the terminal phase half-life ranging from
      23.3-87.2 h. The plasma decay of total radioactivity after the absorption phase
      was biexponential in 3/12 and monoexponential in 9/12 patients. The calculated
      terminal phase half-lives for total radioactivity after [14C] Anandron were 34.5
      137.3 h. The AUC0-infinity of the unchanged drug in plasma represented 23%-38% of
      the AUC0-infinity of total radioactivity. Urinary radioactivity consisted
      primarily of metabolites, the majority of which were chloroform-nonextractable.
      Urinary excretion of radioactivity at 120 h ranged from 49%-78% of the
      administered dose; the unchanged Anandron (at 72 h) was 0.6%-1.3% of the dose. In
      three patients studied, the fecal excretion of Anandron was 1.4%-7.0%. Steady
      state plasma levels (4.4-8.5 micrograms/ml) were attained within approximately 2
      weeks from the initiation of twice daily dosing of Anandron. When the plasma
      pharmacokinetics of radioactivity and unchanged drug after the first single dose
      were compared with that during steady state, AUC0-12h of unchanged Anandron
      during steady state was significantly higher than the AUC0-infinity after the
      first single dose, suggesting that the plasma clearance of Anandron is lowered
      upon chronic administration of the drug, assuming that the bioavailability is
      constant.

PMID- 3396150
TI  - Lack of effect of cisplatin on i.v. L-PAM plasma pharmacokinetics in ovarian
      cancer patients.
AB  - Melphalan (L-PAM) pharmacokinetics were investigated in nine ovarian cancer
      patients before and after cisplatin (DDP) treatment. When L-PAM was given 24 h
      before DDP, the elimination half-life (t 1/2 beta), plasma clearance (Clp), and
      volume of distribution (Vd beta) of L-PAM were, respectively: 46.4 +/- 6.7 min,
      20.5 +/- 3.7 l/m2, and 306.8 +/- 34.4 ml/min per square meter. When L-PAM was
      inoculated 24 h after DDP, t 1/2 beta, Clp, and Vd beta were 47.5 +/- 6.3 min,
      20.4 +/- 2.8 l/m2, and 322.0 +/- 54.1 ml/min per square meter. Thus, DDP
      pretreatment does not significantly affect L-PAM pharmacokinetics. Regression
      analysis showed a significant correlation between the L-PAM elimination rate
      constant (beta) and renal function assessed by creatinine clearance. One patient
      who received this sequence of treatment for six courses showed a threefold
      decrease of L-PAM Clp after the last treatment. The reported high myelotoxicity
      of the combination of DDP and L-PAM when DDP was given 24 h before L-PAM cannot
      be attributed to DDP-induced changes in L-PAM kinetics but might to some extent
      be related to a loss of renal function consequent to many courses of treatment.

PMID- 3396149
TI  - Uridine pharmacokinetics in cancer patients.
AB  - The availability of uridine can alter the sensitivity of tumor cells to
      antimetabolites such as N-phosphonacetyl-L-aspartic acid (PALA) and acivicin by
      virtue of the cell's ability to salvage preformed metabolites from its
      environment. We investigated the pharmacokinetics of physiologically relevant
      amounts of uridine in cancer patients in a pilot study to further our
      understanding of uridine metabolism in the human body. Four cancer patients, two
      males and two females, were given an i.v. bolus of a trace amount of radiolabeled
      uridine. The nucleoside disappeared from the plasma in a triphasic manner, with
      initial half-lives of 0.57 +/- 0.28 and 1.79 +/- 0.62 min and a terminal half
      life of 17.5 +/- 7.3 min. The volume of distribution was 481 +/- 70 ml/kg, and
      the plasma uridine clearance was calculated to be 1.70 +/- 0.42 l/min.
      Simultaneous plasma and bone marrow uridine concentrations were measured in a
      separate group of seven healthy volunteers. The uridine concentration in plasma
      was 2.32 +/- 0.58 microM, and that in the bone marrow plasma was 10.44 +/- 5.06
      microM. These results suggest a very rapid turnover of uridine in the plasma when
      the nucleoside is present at physiologic concentrations, and that there is a
      locally high concentration of uridine available for salvage in the bone marrow.

PMID- 3396151
TI  - Comparative in vitro cytotoxicities of adriamycin (ADM) and 4'[(9-acridinyl)
      amino] methane sulphon-m-anisidide (mAMSA)

PMID- 3396152
TI  - A physiological function for multidrug-resistant membrane glycoproteins: a
      hypothesis regarding the renal organic cation-secretory system.

PMID- 3396153
TI  - QTU prolongation and polymorphic ventricular tachyarrhythmias due to bradycardia
      dependent early afterdepolarizations. Afterdepolarizations and ventricular
      arrhythmias.
AB  - Polymorphic ventricular tachyarrhythmias occurred spontaneously during
      bradycardia in dogs given the inotropic polypeptide anthopleurin-A (AP-A). The
      arrhythmia was investigated in in vitro and in vivo experiments. In in vitro
      experiments, AP-A (50 micrograms/l) produced bradycardia-dependent prolongation
      of action potential duration that was more pronounced in Purkinje than in muscle
      fibers. Only Purkinje fibers developed early afterdepolarizations (EAD) and
      triggered activity. These effects could be abolished by rapid pacing, lidocaine
      (4 mg/l), or tetrodotoxin (1 mg/l). In vivo experiments were conducted in
      anesthetized healthy dogs with simultaneous recording of surface ECG, monophasic
      action potentials from the endocardial and epicardial surface of the left
      ventricle by contact electrode catheter technique, and transmembrane action
      potentials from the epicardial surface of the left ventricle with a floating
      microelectrode technique. AP-A in a dose comparable to that used in vitro (4
      micrograms/kg, i.v. bolus) resulted in bradycardia-dependent marked prolongation
      of both monophasic and transmembrane action potentials. An EAD gradually appeared
      on both recordings but was more marked in endocardial monophasic action
      potentials. Eventually, a premature ventricular depolarization arose from or very
      close to the peak of the EAD. The prolongation of action potentials was
      associated with similar prolongation of the QTU interval in surface ECG, and in
      some experiments, the EAD corresponded to a distinct prominent U wave. A
      ventricular premature depolarization arose from the U or TU complex and initiated
      polymorphic ventricular tachyarrhythmias that terminated spontaneously or
      degenerated into ventricular fibrillation. These effects were reversed by rapid
      pacing or lidocaine (1 mg/kg). The present study provides evidence in support of
      the hypothesis that AP-A-induced ventricular tachyarrhythmias are due to
      bradycardia-dependent EAD and triggered activity.

PMID- 3396154
TI  - Altered minimal coronary resistance to antegrade reflow after chronic coronary
      artery occlusion in swine.
AB  - We examined coronary pressure-flow relations after chronic coronary artery
      occlusion induced by placement of an ameroid occluder on the left circumflex
      coronary artery in swine. An acute open-chest procedure was performed in nine
      pigs 27 +/- 2 days (mean +/- SEM) after surgical placement of the ameroid
      occluder, and in eight nonoperated control pigs. Coronary vascular resistances
      were measured during maximal coronary vasodilation with adenosine. Minimal
      coronary resistance was assessed before and after cannulation and extracorporeal
      perfusion of the left circumflex coronary artery distal to the site of the
      ameroid occluder in pigs from the ameroid group and in a similar site in control
      pigs. Minimal coronary resistance to antegrade reflow in the left circumflex
      region was decreased significantly in ameroid pigs compared with control pigs
      (0.06 +/- 0.01 vs. 0.26 +/- 0.03 mm Hg.min.100 g/ml, p less than 0.001,
      respectively). Decreased minimal coronary vascular resistance was present
      transmurally in the left circumflex region of ameroid pigs. Altered vascular
      resistance occurred only in myocardium distal to the ameroid occluder since the
      nonoccluded left anterior descending region in ameroid pigs had minimal coronary
      resistance similar to that of the same region from control pigs (0.23 +/- 0.03
      vs. 0.19 +/- 0.02 mm Hg.min.100 g/ml). Thus altered minimal coronary vascular
      resistance occurs and probably reflects vascular proliferation and/or vascular
      alterations which result in an increased total cross-sectional area of the
      vasculature in the myocardium distal to the occlusion.

PMID- 3396155
TI  - Muscarinic cholinergic-receptor stimulation of specific GTP hydrolysis related to
      adenylate cyclase activity in canine cardiac sarcolemma.
AB  - One component of muscarinic receptor inhibition of the function of cardiac
      ventricles is mediated by the inhibition of activated adenylate cyclase activity
      in sarcolemma. We have shown previously that muscarinic agonists inhibit GTP- but
      not Gpp(NH)p-activated adenylate cyclase activity, and various studies in other
      tissues indicate that nonhydrolyzable GTP analogues prevent inactivation of the
      enzyme. These data have suggested a role for GTP hydrolysis in the mechanism of
      inhibition of adenylate cyclase. The present study demonstrates that purified
      canine cardiac sarcolemma displays high-affinity GTPase activity that is
      reciprocally related to adenylate cyclase activity. The high-affinity GTPase
      activity was stimulated by muscarinic agonists and blocked by atropine.
      Furthermore, the one-half maximal effects of oxotremorine for binding to
      muscarinic receptors, stimulation of high-affinity GTPase activity, and
      inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity were similar. Muscarinic stimulation of
      GTPase activity and inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity required functional
      activity of the pertussis toxin (IAP) substrate(s). Treatment of sarcolemmal
      membranes with IAP attenuated the ability of oxotremorine to both stimulate high
      affinity GTPase activity and inhibit adenylate cyclase activity. These studies
      indicate that muscarinic receptor stimulation of high-affinity GTPase activity
      dependent on functional IAP substrate(s) is closely linked to the mechanism of
      muscarinic inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity.

PMID- 3396156
TI  - Evidence for a role of iron-catalyzed oxidants in functional and metabolic
      stunning in the canine heart.
AB  - Brief (15-minute) coronary occlusion and subsequent reperfusion lead to prolonged
      functional and metabolic abnormalities (stunned myocardium). Previous work
      suggests that one factor responsible for this phenomenon is oxygen-derived free
      radicals. The formation of the highly reactive hydroxyl radical requires the
      presence of metal ions, most importantly iron. In the present study, the effect
      of the iron-chelator deferoxamine on the recovery of segment shortening (%SS) in
      the stunned myocardium was compared with a control group in barbital anesthetized
      dogs. Deferoxamine (500 mg intra-atrially) was administered 15 minutes prior to
      and throughout 15 minutes of coronary occlusion. %SS, regional myocardial blood
      flow, hemodynamics, and myocardial high-energy phosphates were measured. Areas at
      risk, collateral blood flow, and all hemodynamic parameters were similar between
      control and deferoxamine-treated animals. While deferoxamine did not prevent the
      loss of systolic wall function that occurred during ischemia, deferoxamine
      significantly improved the recovery of %SS at all times throughout reperfusion (3
      hour %SS of pretreatment: control, 12 +/- 11; deferoxamine, 65 +/- 12),
      normalized endocardial ATP (percent of nonischemic area: control, 79 +/- 3%,
      deferoxamine, 93 +/- 6%), attenuated the reperfusion-induced rebound increase in
      phosphocreatine and prevented the increase in tissue edema at 3 hours after
      reperfusion. Thus, deferoxamine exhibited a cardioprotective action both
      metabolically and functionally in the stunned myocardium presumably by decreasing
      the redox cycling, and hence, the availability of catalytic iron for use in
      hydroxyl radical formation and for the initiation of lipid peroxidation. These
      data suggest a possible role for the hydroxyl radical as a mediator of
      postischemic abnormalities in reversibly injured tissue.

PMID- 3396157
TI  - Pressure-volume relation around zero transmural pressure in excised cross
      circulated dog left ventricle.
AB  - Left ventricular (LV) pressure-volume (PV) relations of quasi-isobaric
      contractions around zero transmural pressure were studied with a new volumetric
      method. Left ventricles of isolated cross-circulated dog hearts were connected to
      a large air tank through the mitral annulus. The volume of the air space was
      changed with a volume servo pump to oscillate the transmural pressure (P) around
      zero. Instantaneous LV volume (V) was computed from P by Boyle's law (P.V =
      constant) to draw the PV trajectories of the isobaric contractions. The end
      systolic PV relation (ESPVR) and end-diastolic PV relation (EDPVR) curves
      intercepted the volume axis at two different volumes (Vo and Vu, respectively).
      The slopes of both ESPVR and EDPVR curves as well as Vo and Vu were variably
      influenced by positive and negative inotropic states, heart rate changes,
      arrhythmias, ischemia, and rigor. In control before any interventions, LV stroke
      and suction volume (delta V = Vu - Vo) at zero P was 7.5 +/- 2.5 (SD) ml/100 g
      left ventricle, which changed with the changes in Vo and Vu. delta V decreased
      with decreases in P from zero and virtually vanished at a pressure (Pn) of -9.5
      +/- 2.0 mm Hg. Directly measured LV dead volume (Vd) at Pn was 4.1 +/- 1.3 ml/100
      g. The results seem essential for evaluation of LV filling and suction during
      diastole.

PMID- 3396158
TI  - Humoral regulation of blood flow to choroid plexus: role of arginine vasopressin.
AB  - The goal of this study was to examine humoral mechanisms that regulate blood flow
      to the choroid plexus. We determined the effects of arginine vasopressin on blood
      flow (microspheres) to the choroid plexus in anesthetized and awake rabbits. In
      anesthetized rabbits, blood flow to the choroid plexus was 342 +/- 31 (mean +/-
      SEM) ml/min/100 g under control conditions. Intravenous infusion of vasopressin
      at 4 and 40 mU/kg increased plasma vasopressin levels from 11 +/- 1 to 55 +/- 15
      and 441 +/- 120 pg/ml, respectively, and blood flow to the choroid plexus
      decreased by 48 +/- 6% and 70 +/- 4%. Cerebral blood flow was not affected by
      infusion of vasopressin. Similar responses to infusion of vasopressin were
      observed in awake rabbits. The V1 antagonist [d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)AVP] (10
      micrograms/kg i.v.) had no effect on resting blood flow, but abolished the effect
      of vasopressin on blood flow to the choroid plexus. Vasoconstrictor responses of
      the choroid plexus to intravenous infusion of phenylephrine were not attenuated
      by the V1 antagonist. Thus, circulating vasopressin, at plasma levels that are
      observed under physiological and pathophysiological conditions, has marked
      effects on blood flow to the choroid plexus. These effects appear to be mediated
      through a V1 receptor. We speculate that vasopressin may play an important role
      in regulation of blood flow to the choroid plexus and perhaps in the regulation
      of cerebrospinal fluid production.

PMID- 3396159
TI  - Catheter-mediated electrical ablation: the relation between current and pulse
      width on voltage breakdown and shock-wave generation.
AB  - Voltage waveform breakdown is characteristic of barotraumatic shock-wave
      generation during electrical catheter ablation of cardiac arrhythmias. The
      purpose of this investigation was to avoid barotrauma by defining, in vitro, the
      limits of pulse amplitude and pulse width for rectangular constant-current pulses
      that do not result in voltage breakdown and subsequently to determine what
      pulsing frequency is safe for use when high-energy trains of pulses are used.
      Electric pulses were delivered with a variable waveform modulator with a wide
      dynamic range and bandwidth capable of delivering pulses of 30-10,000-mu sec
      duration with amplitudes of up to 25 A. Cathodal pulses were delivered to a 6F
      catheter immersed in fresh anticoagulated bovine blood warmed to 37 degrees C to
      stimulate the milieu of a catheter in the chambers of the human heart. The
      maximum pulse amplitude that could be delivered without incurring voltage
      waveform breakdown varied inversely with pulse duration. Pulses of 30 mu sec
      broke down at currents above 24 A (2,500 V). Pulses of 10,000-mu sec duration
      broke down at 1 A (250 V). The maximum safely delivered energy for a single pulse
      was 2.5 J for pulses of 80-120 mu sec. Peak power for single pulses was maximum
      at 50-55 kW with 30-50-mu sec pulses. Charge delivery for single pulses was
      maximized at 9 mC with long, 10,000-mu sec duration pulses. To deliver an
      electrical pulse with energy significantly greater than 2.5 J without incurring
      voltage breakdown, trains of pulses were delivered where each pulse in the train
      had previously been shown to be free of voltage breakdown.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3396160
TI  - Granulocytes and no-reflow phenomenon in irreversible hemorrhagic shock.
AB  - Recent evidence shows that circulating granulocytes play an important role in
      capillary stasis and tissue injury. We investigated two aspects of the problem in
      a Wiggers hemorrhagic shock model of the rat: the survival rate and the
      microvascular no-reflow phenomenon. A conventional group of rats with normal
      blood cells and a neutropenic group of rats pretreated with intraperitoneal
      antigranulocyte antibody were used to evaluate the effects of granulocytes. Two
      hemorrhagic shock protocols (HSP) were carried out. In HSP-1, the rats were
      subjected to 40 mm Hg mean arterial pressure for 3 hours. The conventional group
      (n = 11) showed a 36% survival rate compared with 100% in the neutropenic group
      (n = 6). In HSP-2, the hypotension was more severe, 30 mm Hg mean arterial
      pressure for 7 hours. There were no survivors in the conventional group (n = 8),
      compared with a 100% survival rate in the neutropenic group (n = 6). The extent,
      location, and mechanism of the no-reflow phenomenon was investigated by examining
      histological sections from several organs after infusion of a contrast medium to
      mark vessels with flow in a control group without shock and in the HSP-2 model 2
      hours after blood replacement. The arterioles and venules uniformly contained
      contrast medium in all three groups; only capillaries showed no-reflow. A
      significantly higher percentage of no-reflow was observed in the capillaries of
      the conventional shock group than in the neutropenic shock group. We concluded
      that the obstruction of capillaries was largely due to trapped granulocytes,
      suggesting that these leukocytes play a key role in the capillary no-reflow
      phenomenon and survival from hemorrhagic shock.

PMID- 3396162
TI  - C5a decreases regional coronary blood flow and myocardial function in pigs:
      implications for a granulocyte mechanism.
AB  - Granulocytes cause some of the pathophysiological effects associated with the
      capillary no-reflow phenomenon during ischemia and in ischemia-reperfusion
      injury. However, no study has examined the consequences of in vivo granulocyte
      activation during normal perfusion pressures. In this study, we examined the
      effects of intracoronary administration of the complement component C5a, which is
      known to be a potent granulocyte activating factor. Nine open-chest, anesthetized
      pigs were instrumented to monitor regional coronary blood flow and segment
      shortening, left ventricular dP/dt, heart rate, and pulmonary artery and aortic
      blood pressures and to sample arterial and regional coronary venous blood for
      oxygen content and complete blood counts. Intracoronary infusion of human or
      porcine C5a in doses ranging from 10 to 500 ng produced a significant reduction
      in regional coronary blood flow and myocardial function. Although perfusion
      pressure and heart rate remained constant, venous oxygen content fell, indicating
      an imbalance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand. In addition, the
      arteriovenous difference of white blood cells was increased significantly after
      anaphylatoxin infusion, indicating intravascular trapping in the myocardium.
      Granulocytes accounted entirely for the differences in leukocyte counts because
      no significant changes in platelet, lymphocyte, or hematocrit levels were
      observed. Injection of vehicle alone did not alter any of the monitored
      variables.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3396161
TI  - Effects of ouabain and isoproterenol on left ventricular diastolic function
      during low-flow ischemia in isolated, blood-perfused rabbit hearts.
AB  - Myocardial ischemia causes both systolic and diastolic dysfunction. A variety of
      positive inotropic agents with different subcellular mechanisms may be used
      clinically in an attempt to reverse ischemic contractile failure. We tested the
      hypothesis that two inotropic agents, isoproterenol (a beta-adrenergic agonist)
      and ouabain (a sodium pump inhibitor), might have different effects on left
      ventricular (LV) diastolic function during ischemic failure despite an equivalent
      inotropic effect. Isolated isovolumic (balloon-in-LV) blood perfused rabbit
      hearts were paced at constant physiological heart rate (4 Hz), given either no
      drug (controls, n = 7), isoproterenol (n = 7), or ouabain (n = 7), and then
      subjected to 6 minutes of low flow ischemia (75% reduction of baseline coronary
      flow). The doses of isoproterenol and ouabain were selected to produce equivalent
      modest inotropic effects (15% increase in LV + dP/dt) in each heart during
      baseline perfusion conditions. During the ischemic period, there was a marked
      decrease in contractility, and neither isoproterenol nor ouabain demonstrated a
      positive inotropic effect relative to the control group. However, these agents
      had markedly different effects on diastolic chamber distensibility (assessed by
      end-diastolic pressure at constant LV volume) during ischemia. In the control and
      isoproterenol groups, diastolic chamber distensibility did not change during the
      ischemic period. In contrast, ouabain treatment resulted in a marked decrease in
      diastolic chamber distensibility during ischemia; this change was not completely
      reversible during the 10-minute reperfusion period. The mechanism by which
      ouabain decreased diastolic chamber distensibility relative to isoproterenol was
      assessed indirectly. The ouabain and isoproterenol groups were subjected to
      equivalent degrees of ischemia as assessed by oxygen supply/demand imbalance;
      during ischemia, each drug group did not differ with regard to myocardial
      perfusion rates, determinants of myocardial oxygen demand (heart rate, LV
      developed pressure, LV + dP/dt), myocardial oxygen consumption, lactate
      production, and ATP and creatine phosphate content. We therefore inferred that
      the greater decrease in diastolic distensibility in the ouabain group was not due
      to a greater metabolic severity of ischemia. These observations are consistent
      with a mechanism of cytosolic calcium overload induced by ouabain, resulting in
      persistent active myofilament tension development throughout diastole, to cause
      the observed decrease in diastolic chamber distensibility during ischemia in the
      ouabain group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3396163
TI  - Transcatheter electrical ablation of right bundle branch. A method of treating
      macroreentrant ventricular tachycardia attributed to bundle branch reentry.
AB  - The present study describes the clinical and electrophysiological characteristics
      of sustained bundle branch reentrant ventricular tachycardia treated with
      electrical ablation of the right bundle branch. Seven patients presented with
      syncopal episodes, and six of the seven had documented episodes of ventricular
      tachycardia. All patients had depressed left ventricular ejection fraction with
      cardiomegaly. Six of the seven had dilated cardiomyopathy in the absence of
      significant coronary disease. Twelve-lead electrocardiograms in all seven
      patients during sinus rhythm were remarkably similar; six demonstrated
      intraventricular conduction defect resembling left bundle branch block, and one
      showed left anterior fascicular block. All patients showed prolonged His-to
      ventricle intervals during sinus rhythm. Sustained ventricular tachycardia (with
      atrioventricular dissociation) because of bundle branch reentry was induced in
      all patients during baseline electrophysiological study. The His-to-ventricle
      intervals during tachycardia were similar to those seen during sinus rhythm.
      Electrical ablation of the right bundle branch was accomplished in each patient
      with delivery of two electrical shocks (170-310 J) through electrode catheters.
      Right bundle branch block developed on their surface electrocardiogram
      immediately after the ablation. Follow-up electrophysiological studies showed no
      inducible ventricular tachycardia. Clinical follow-up showed no recurrence of
      syncope or ventricular tachycardia. From the data presented, the following can be
      concluded. First, right bundle branch ablation is a safe and promising means of
      treating ventricular tachycardia because of bundle branch reentry and can obviate
      the need for antiarrhythmic drug therapy and its frequent undesirable side
      effects. Second, there are common clinical and electrophysiological
      characteristics that are frequently seen in patients with this tachycardia, and
      the recognition of these common characteristics should alert the physician to a
      bundle branch reentrant mechanism of ventricular tachycardia.

PMID- 3396164
TI  - Intravenous streptokinase for acute myocardial infarction. Effects on global and
      regional systolic function.
AB  - The Western Washington Intravenous Streptokinase Trial randomized 368 patients
      with acute myocardial infarction to receive either intravenous streptokinase or
      standard therapy. The ventriculograms and coronary angiograms obtained in 170
      patients 10.4 +/- 7.4 days after infarction were analyzed to evaluate the effects
      of thrombolytic therapy on global and regional systolic function. Streptokinase
      treatment resulted in a higher patency rate of the infarct-related artery (68.5%)
      than did standard therapy (44.8%) (p = 0.003). Ejection fraction was higher in
      streptokinase-treated patients (54% vs. 51%, p = 0.056), and the difference was
      most marked in patients with anterior myocardial infarction (53% vs. 44%, p =
      0.03). Regional wall motion was measured by the centerline method and expressed
      in mean +/- SD motion in 52 normal subjects. There was a trend toward better
      function of the infarct zone in streptokinase-treated patients (SD, -2.48 vs. 
      2.70, p = 0.24). Additionally, streptokinase-treated patients had significantly
      better wall motion of noninfarct areas (SD, 0.36 vs. -0.08, p = 0.02). Treatment
      effects on function of noninfarct regions were most apparent in the subset of
      patients with multivessel disease. Thus, intravenous streptokinase preserves left
      ventricular function in patients with acute myocardial infarction. This benefit
      includes favorable effects on the function of regions remote from the site of
      infarction.

PMID- 3396165
TI  - Clinical evaluation versus Doppler echocardiography in the quantitative
      assessment of valvular heart disease.
AB  - We tested the hypotheses that Doppler echocardiography has a higher accuracy than
      clinical evaluation in the detection of significant aortic and mitral valvular
      heart disease and that Doppler echocardiography is highly accurate as compared
      with cardiac catheterization for the assessment of valvular disease severity.
      Thus, cardiac catheterization for the assessment of valve lesion severity may be
      unnecessary in selected patients. We prospectively evaluated 75 consecutive
      patients, ages 20-74 years (mean, 52 years), with clinically suspected valvular
      heart disease. Specific clinical and Doppler echocardiographic criteria were used
      to categorize each valve lesion as absent, insignificant, or significant.
      Criteria for a significant lesion at cardiac catheterization was an aortic or
      mitral valve area less than 1.1 or 1.5 cm2, respectively, or equal to or greater
      than 3+ cm2 aortic or mitral regurgitation at angiography. In all valve lesions,
      Doppler echocardiography had a higher overall accuracy than clinical evaluation.
      Increases in accuracies of 28%, 19%, 15%, and 7% occurred for mitral stenosis,
      aortic stenosis, aortic regurgitation, and mitral regurgitation, respectively,
      resulting in overall accuracies of 97%, 100%, 95%, and 96%. Clinical evaluation
      alone made 28 errors (37% of patients and 19% of valve lesions assessed), and 17
      of these errors (23% of patients and 12% of valve lesions) would have resulted in
      inappropriate management. In only four (24%) of these 17 patients, the attending
      cardiologist would not have proceeded to assess the valve at cardiac
      catheterization.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3396166
TI  - Ischemic heart disease mortality in Hispanics, American Indians, and non-Hispanic
      whites in New Mexico, 1958-1982.
AB  - To describe trends in mortality from ischemic heart disease in New Mexico's
      Hispanic, American Indian, and non-Hispanic white populations, we used vital
      records data collected from 1958 through 1982. We calculated age-adjusted and age
      specific mortality rates for ischemic heart disease for each of the state's
      principal ethnic groups. Death certificate data were used in combination with
      population estimates based on the censuses of 1960, 1970, and 1980. Age-adjusted
      mortality rates for ischemic heart disease among Hispanics, American Indians, and
      non-Hispanic white men were consistent with nationwide patterns of rising
      mortality rates during the 1960s followed by declining rates. Mortality rates
      from ischemic heart disease in all three ethnic groups in New Mexico were lower
      than national rates for whites. Rates for Hispanics in New Mexico were lower than
      for non-Hispanic whites; rates for American Indians were the lowest among the
      three groups. These data support previous observations that Hispanics and
      American Indians in the Southwest are at decreased risk for mortality from
      ischemic heart disease in comparison with U.S. whites.

PMID- 3396167
TI  - Sequence and magnitude of ventricular volume changes in painful and painless
      myocardial ischemia.
AB  - Stimulation of left ventricular stretch receptors has been proposed as a possible
      mechanism for the occurrence of cardiac pain. Changes in left ventricular volume
      were continuously assessed in 12 patients during 11 spontaneous (two painful) and
      12 ergometrine-induced (nine painful) ischemic attacks with a precordial
      scintillation probe and blood pool labeling with technetium-99m. In all ischemic
      episodes, spontaneous or induced, painful or painless, severe dilatation of the
      left ventricle was consistently observed. These changes always preceded the onset
      of ST segment shifts and occurred long before pain, when present. The maximum
      increase in end-diastolic volume was slightly greater in painful than in painless
      episodes, 38 +/- 8.0% versus 28 +/- 12.4%, but no significant difference was
      observed in the rate of volume change or in the maximum increase of end-systolic
      volume (133 +/- 50% and 110 +/- 27.3%), stroke volume (-28 +/- 15% and -25 +/-
      12.4%), or ejection fraction (-32 +/- 8.7% and -26 +/- 6.0%). Although the
      maximum end-diastolic volume achieved is greater in painful episodes, this effect
      cannot be separated from that of duration, and, furthermore, there was no
      significant difference in end-diastolic volume at the moment chest pain began.
      Thus, in patients with angina at rest, transient asymptomatic ST segment shifts
      are consistently associated with large changes in left ventricular volume,
      similar to those observed during painful episodes. The rate and extent of acute
      left ventricular dilatation do not appear to be factors directly causing anginal
      pain.

PMID- 3396168
TI  - Skeletal muscle metabolism during exercise under ischemic conditions in
      congestive heart failure. Evidence for abnormalities unrelated to blood flow.
AB  - Previous studies with 31P nuclear magnetic resonance have demonstrated that
      patients with chronic congestive heart failure often exhibit increased glycolytic
      metabolism and impaired oxidative phosphorylation in exercising skeletal muscle,
      but the mechanism for these changes remains unresolved. This study was conducted
      to determine whether these abnormalities result from impaired blood flow or
      oxygen delivery. Nine patients with mild-to-moderate congestive heart failure and
      nine age- and size-matched, healthy control volunteers were studied during
      repetitive submaximal finger flexion exercise under aerobic and ischemic
      conditions. Skeletal muscle metabolism was assessed by 31P nuclear magnetic
      resonance of the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle. During steady-state
      aerobic exercise at 33% of each subject's predetermined maximum workload, the
      patients with congestive heart failure exhibited significantly lower pH values
      (6.65 +/- 0.22 vs. 6.97 +/- 0.09, p less than 0.002) and phosphocreatine
      concentrations, expressed as [phosphocreatine]/([phosphocreatine] + [inorganic
      phosphate]) (0.59 +/- 0.14 vs. 0.79 +/- 0.08, p less than 0.002). Similar
      differences were also present throughout ischemic exercise at the same workload.
      Based upon these measurements, calculated lactate production and adenosine 5'
      triphosphate consumption rates were significantly higher in the patients with
      congestive heart failure. These results indicate that in many patients with
      congestive heart failure exercising muscle exhibits increased glycolytic
      metabolism and appears to be metabolically less efficient in relation to external
      work performed. These changes cannot be explained by impaired blood flow or
      oxygen delivery alone.

PMID- 3396169
TI  - Two-dimensional echocardiographic features of echinococcosis of the heart and
      great blood vessels. Clinical and surgical implications.
AB  - Echocardiographic findings in cardiac echinococcosis have been previously
      described in isolated cases, but no detailed account of the various
      echocardiographic aspects and their clinical and surgical implications have ever
      been reported. We present a retrospective analysis of the two-dimensional
      echocardiograms of 15 patients with hydatid cysts affecting the heart or great
      blood vessels. Two-dimensional echocardiogram features were compared with the
      main clinical syndromes. Surgical confirmation of the echocardiogram findings was
      available in 12 patients. The cyst sizes ranged from 0.5 to 12 cm in diameter.
      Eleven patients had single cysts, three patients had two cysts, and one patient
      had multiple cysts. Cysts were located in the intramyocardial region in nine
      patients, the pericardial in three, and the paracardial in another three. All
      intramyocardial cysts protruded into the adjacent cardiac chamber, but in only
      two patients was there significant tricuspid valvular dysfunction. Pericardial
      and mediastinal cysts showed compression of cardiac chambers or great blood
      vessels, and two cysts had ruptured into the descendent thoracic aorta or
      inferior vena cava. In most patients, two-dimensional echocardiographic images of
      hydatid cysts were those of a cystic mass having well-defined edges and internal
      trabeculations corresponding to daughter membranes. However, in four patients,
      two-dimensional echocardiographic images showed a "solid" mass instead of a
      cystic mass, and in one patient with the multivesicular variety of
      echinococcosis, the images showed a large mass with poorly defined edges having a
      honeycombed appearance causing lysis of the anterior arch of the second and third
      left ribs. The two-dimensional echocardiographic finding showed good correlation
      with main clinical syndromes, but anaphylactic reactions occurred in every cyst
      location. In one patient, postoperative two-dimensional echocardiography showed
      two small intramyocardial cysts that had not been noticed during preoperative two
      dimensional echocardiography or during surgical examination. Pathological
      examination in the four patients with a solid mass showed replacement of the
      hydatid liquid by necrotic matter containing membrane residues with a foreign
      body inflammatory reaction of a granulomatous type. In conclusion, two
      dimensional echocardiography is a very useful tool for diagnosis and management
      of patients with cardiac echinococcosis, but the great diversity of findings
      regarding number, size, location, and appearance of cysts must be borne in mind
      to interpret correctly the two-dimensional echocardiograms.

PMID- 3396170
TI  - Increased preferential absorption in human atherosclerotic plaque with oral beta
      carotene. Implications for laser endarterectomy.
AB  - Patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy were pretreated with low-dose, oral
      beta carotene to determine whether the carotenoid content of plaque could be
      increased in vivo. Beta carotene-treated patients had a 50-fold increase in their
      plaque beta carotene level from 0.066 to 3.3 micrograms beta carotene/g plaque.
      Microscopy and microspectrophotometry demonstrated that plaque from beta carotene
      treated patients had higher carotenoid levels and higher absorption (450-500 nm)
      compared with control specimens, but normal media was unaffected. This
      demonstration of increased preferential absorption by plaque suggests that
      selective ablation of atherosclerotic plaque may be enhanced by pretreating
      patients with oral beta carotene.

PMID- 3396171
TI  - Pathological features of coronary arteries in children with Kawasaki disease in
      which coronary arterial aneurysm was absent at autopsy. Quantitative analysis.
AB  - Coronary arteries in six children who had Kawasaki disease but lacked coronary
      arterial aneurysms were examined. Four children died of myocarditis at the acute
      stage, and two children died of bacterial sepsis or as a result of an occurrence
      during cineangiography at the healed stage. Twenty-one children without Kawasaki
      disease were examined as controls. The six children with Kawasaki disease had no
      thrombi, recanalization, or stenosis greater than 50% in the major coronary
      arteries. Three patients had dilatation of the major coronary arteries at the
      acute stage. Two of the three patients died during the acute stage, and autopsy
      showed slight dilatation of coronary arteries and abnormal intimal thickening due
      to panvasculitis. In the third child, who died at the healed stage, dilatation of
      the coronary arteries detected by two-dimensional echocardiography at the acute
      stage had disappeared at the healed stage. No dilatation of the major coronary
      arteries was seen at autopsy. However, abnormal fibrous intimal thickening of the
      major coronary arteries without inflammatory changes was found. The other three
      patients had no dilatation of the major coronary arteries at the acute stage. Two
      patients died at the acute stage, and slight inflammation without abnormal
      intimal thickening was seen in the intima and the adventitial area. In the third
      patient, who died during the healed stage, two-dimensional echocardiography
      revealed no dilatation during the clinical course, and there was no inflammatory
      changes or abnormal intimal thickening at autopsy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3396172
TI  - Balloon dilation of congenital aortic valve stenosis. Results and influence of
      technical and morphological features on outcome.
AB  - We evaluated dilation technique (n = 80) and aortic valve morphology by two
      dimensional echocardiography (n = 58) in patients with congenital aortic valve
      stenosis to determine their influence on outcome. Patients' age (9 +/- 9 years;
      range, 1 day-39 years) and a history of surgical valvotomy did not influence
      outcome. The number of dilating balloons (one vs. two) and balloon: annulus ratio
      based on the largest balloon used in each case (97 +/- 12%; range, 71-133%) did
      not demonstrably influence the percent reduction in valvar gradient. In contrast,
      with a balloon: annulus ratio greater than 100%, the incidence (26%) of
      significant, dilation-induced aortic regurgitation was higher than occurred when
      the ratio was equal to or less than 100% (11%). Fifty bicommissural and eight
      unicommissural valves were identified echocardiographically. Relief of
      obstruction was associated with apparent commissural division in 24 of 32
      patients with suitable postdilation studies. The sites of fusion and stenosis
      relief did not influence percent reduction in valvar gradient. Substantial
      increases in aortic regurgitation (greater than three of five grades) occurred in
      three of eight unicommissural and one of 50 bicommissural valves. The presence of
      a thick valve was associated with a slightly lower gradient reduction (53 +/-
      12%) than thin and pliant valves (63 +/- 24%) (p greater than 0.05). Unlike all
      other congenital lesions we have studied, dilation technique and balloon size
      appeared to have a lesser influence on percent reduction in valvar gradient in
      congenital aortic stenosis, although balloon: annulus ratio influences the
      increase in aortic regurgitation. Valve morphology appears to assist with
      predicting the outcome of dilation.

PMID- 3396173
TI  - Transcatheter closure of ventricular septal defects.
AB  - Between January and October, 1987, we attempted percutaneous transcatheter
      closure of seven ventricular septal defects (VSD) in six patients; none of the
      patients was a candidate for operative management. Patients' ages ranged from 8
      months to 82 years (6.0-70 kg); diagnoses included postinfarction VSD (n = 4),
      congenital VSD (n = 1), and postoperative congenital VSD (n = 2). Indications for
      VSD closure were shock or respiratory failure (n = 5) or multiple episodes of
      endocarditis (n = 1). Closure was attempted with a Rashkind double umbrella: VSDs
      were crossed via the left ventricle and a guide wire was advanced to the right
      heart, snared with a venous catheter, and used to direct a long sheath (and
      ultimately the double umbrella) across the VSD. We crossed the VSD in all seven
      attempts, and a 17-mm double umbrella was successfully placed in each VSD. In the
      first (postinfarction) patient with the largest (12 mm) VSD, the umbrella
      embolized after 20 seconds to the pulmonary artery (without reducing flow). The
      other six umbrellas remained in position, either diminishing or abolishing the
      left-to-right shunts. Postinfarction patients had increasing VSD shunting over
      the next several days and died; at postmortem, the umbrellas remained well
      positioned in the septum, with other VSDs present. All three congenital VSDs had
      absent or diminished shunts after umbrella closure. These preliminary data
      indicate that transcatheter VSD closure is feasible in selected cases.

PMID- 3396174
TI  - Long-term propranolol administration alters myocyte and ventricular geometry in
      rat hearts with and without infarction.
AB  - To determine the effects of long-term beta-adrenergic receptor blockade on adult
      rats with myocardial infarction, we studied 24 female Sprague-Dawley rats with
      myocardial infarction induced at 20-22 weeks of age. Two days after surgery, the
      animals were randomized to receive either propranolol (750 mg/l) in their
      drinking water or water alone for 5 weeks. Plastic, embedded, longitudinal and
      cross sections of septum (1 micron thick) were prepared for morphometric
      measurements. In untreated rats, infarction was followed by myocardial
      hypertrophy, as shown by significant increases in septal area (23%), myocyte
      length (19%), cross-sectional area (20%), and volume (43%) (p less than or equal
      to 0.05). In rats with and without infarction, beta-blockade resulted in
      decreased myocyte dimensions and increased left ventricular cavity dimensions.
      Propranolol had special effects in rats with infarction, resulting in significant
      blunting of increased cross-sectional area (15% less, p = 0.04) and a greater
      increase in left ventricular cavity dimensions (38% more, p = 0.04). Thus,
      propranolol blunts myocardial hypertrophy and increases left ventricular cavity
      dimensions in rats with myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3396175
TI  - Failure of epinephrine to improve the balance between myocardial oxygen supply
      and demand during closed-chest resuscitation in dogs.
AB  - Although large doses of epinephrine increase coronary perfusion pressure and flow
      during cardiopulmonary resuscitation, epinephrine also increases myocardial
      oxygen consumption during ventricular fibrillation. To test the hypothesis that
      epinephrine improves the balance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand
      during cardiopulmonary resuscitation, myocardial adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP)
      and lactate concentrations were measured before and immediately after 10 minutes
      of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in 10 control dogs and 10 dogs given intravenous
      epinephrine (1-mg bolus followed by 0.2 mg/min). Left ventricular myocardial
      blood flow during cardiopulmonary resuscitation was measured with radioactive
      microspheres and was significantly higher in the epinephrine group (48 +/- 11 vs.
      21 +/- 4 ml/min/100 g, p less than 0.05). However, myocardial lactate
      concentration increased significantly (p less than 0.01) after cardiopulmonary
      resuscitation in both groups and tended to increase more in epinephrine-treated
      animals. Myocardial ATP concentration decreased significantly (p less than 0.05)
      and by comparable amounts in the two groups. These findings suggest that large
      doses of epinephrine may fail to improve the balance between myocardial oxygen
      supply and demand during cardiopulmonary resuscitation, even when they result in
      a substantial increase in coronary blood flow.

PMID- 3396176
TI  - Early diastolic filling dynamics during experimental mitral regurgitation in the
      conscious dog.
AB  - Diastolic flow into the left ventricle during mitral regurgitation must increase
      as total stroke volume increases in response to the volume overload. The
      mechanisms that allow augmented diastolic filling are not fully defined.
      Accordingly, the left ventricle of five dogs was instrumented with a
      micromanometer and sonomicrometers and studied during the conscious state before
      (control) and after the creation of significant mitral regurgitation. Serial
      measurements were made at control and up to 4 weeks after the creation of the
      volume overload. Heart rate, peak systolic wall stress, and peak positive dP/dt
      showed no significant changes between control and subsequent observations. End
      diastolic volume and total stroke volume progressively and significantly
      increased during the 4-week course. When compared with the control state (51 +/-
      4, mean +/- SD), the filling fraction during the first 40% of diastolic time was
      increased at 4 days (67 +/- 10%, p less than 0.001), 2 weeks (72 +/- 6%, p less
      than 0.001), and 4 weeks (76 +/- 10%, p less than 0.001). During the period of
      adaptation to the volume overload, filling fraction correlated with end-diastolic
      volume (r = 0.52, p less than 0.02) and total stroke volume (r = 0.80, p less
      than 0.001). Compared with the control state (0.81 +/- 0.04), eccentricity of the
      left ventricle at end systole decreased at 4 weeks (0.79 +/- 0.06, p less than
      0.05); the absolute change in this ratio during the first 40% of diastolic time
      was significantly augmented at 2 weeks (0.09 +/- 0.02, p less than 0.05) and 4
      weeks (0.11 +/- 0.04, p less than 0.005) compared with control (0.05 +/- 0.02).
      Ventricular elastance (pressure/volume) at end systole (minimum volume) was 1.70
      +/- 0.50 mm Hg/ml at control, 1.09 +/- 0.46 at 4 days (p less than 0.05), 0.96 +/
      0.42 at 2 weeks (p less than 0.01), and 0.99 +/- 0.22 at 4 weeks (p less than
      0.01). Moreover, the elastance change during the rapid-filling phase was
      significantly diminished after creation of mitral regurgitation. Thus, during the
      volume overload of mitral regurgitation, the left ventricle accommodates a higher
      percentage of its total stroke volume during early diastole; this adaptation can
      be correlated with augmented systolic shortening, and thereby with increased
      restorative forces or elastic recoil, and with reduced chamber elastance and
      eccentricity during the early part of diastole. Other potential mechanisms
      include altered systolic and relaxation loading, augmented elastic recoil of the
      left atrium, left atrium and left ventricular pressure gradient, accelerated
      myocardial inactivation, and increased adrenergic stimulation.

PMID- 3396177
TI  - Cellular electrophysiological changes during ischemia in isolated, coronary
      perfused cat ventricle with healed myocardial infarction.
AB  - Cellular electrophysiological consequences of acute ischemia superimposed on
      healed myocardial infarction were studied in isolated, coronary-perfused cat left
      ventricles 2-4 months after ligation of multiple distal tributaries of the left
      anterior descending and circumflex coronary arteries. Oxygenated Tyrode's
      solution was perfused through the left anterior descending and circumflex
      coronary arteries, and the preparations were superfused with Tyrode's solution
      gassed with 95% N2-5% CO2. Transmembrane action potentials were recorded from the
      endocardial cells in normal and infarcted zones. There were no significant
      differences in measured action potential variables and refractory periods between
      cells in the normal and infarcted zones before acute ischemia. When coronary
      perfusion was discontinued ("ischemia"), resting potential, action potential
      amplitude, and action potential duration were reduced, and the refractory period
      was shortened progressively in cells of the normal zone. However, the action
      potential changes were less prominent, and the refractory period was unchanged in
      cells in the infarcted zone. As a result, there were significant differences in
      resting membrane potential, action potential amplitude, action potential
      duration, and refractory period between cells in the normal and infarcted zones
      at 10 minutes of ischemia. These differences became larger as the ischemic period
      was prolonged. Spontaneous rapid ventricular activity was observed during the
      last 20-30 minutes of ischemia in four of eight preparations with healed
      myocardial infarction, whereas no spontaneous rapid ventricular activity was
      recorded in any of six normal heart preparations. Our data suggest that
      superimposition of acute ischemia on healed myocardial infarction produces
      electrophysiological inhomogeneities that may enhance arrhythmogenesis.

PMID- 3396178
TI  - Short- and long-term effects of transcatheter ablation of the coronary sinus by
      radiofrequency energy.
AB  - Catheter ablation of left-sided atrioventricular accessory pathways through the
      coronary sinus by direct-current shock may be complicated by rupture and
      thrombosis of the coronary sinus and injury to the coronary arteries. This study
      examined short and long-term effects of radiofrequency catheter ablation of the
      coronary sinus in 20 closed-chest dogs to determine whether this technique is
      feasible for potential interruption of left-sided accessory pathways. Single
      pulsed radiofrequency energy (750 kHz, 85-293 J) was delivered to three sites in
      the distal and middle coronary sinus between the distal (1) or the proximal
      electrodes (2 or 3) of a standard 6 French quadripolar catheter and a chest-wall
      patch electrode. Single-pulsed radiofrequency energy (78-293 J) was also applied
      to two sites near the ostium of the coronary sinus with the proximal (4) or the
      distal (1) electrode of the same catheter. Coronary artery and levophase coronary
      sinus angiograms obtained before and immediately after ablation, as well as
      before killing, showed intact vascular structures in all dogs. Right atrial,
      pulmonary arterial, and aortic pressures measured in three dogs did not change
      significantly at the time of energy delivery. No significant changes were found
      in atrioventricular nodal refractoriness and conduction. None of the dogs had
      significant rhythm disturbances during and after ablation as evaluated by
      ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring and periodic rhythm strips at follow
      up. Ten dogs were killed 1-7 days after ablation, three dogs were killed at 4
      weeks, three dogs at 6 weeks, two dogs at 8 weeks, and two dogs at 12 weeks.
      Discrete lesions ranging in size from 3 x 3 to 8 x 10 mm2 in surface area and 0.5
      4.5 mm in depth were found in the coronary sinus with most of the lesions
      extending to the left atrial and left ventricular myocardium. There was neither
      rupture of the coronary sinus nor occlusion of the coronary arteries. Mural
      thrombus was found in the coronary sinus on five acute lesions in two dogs, but
      none was noted on the chronic lesions, which was characterized by chronic
      granulation tissue and fibrosis. Two dogs in the study during chronic conditions
      had damage to branches of the underlying coronary artery that showed necrotizing
      arteritis and arterial sclerosis. Conduction system studies in four dogs showed
      some chronic inflammatory and fibrotic changes. Similar discrete lesions were
      found in situ in the coronary sinus of four postmortem human hearts with
      radiofrequency catheter ablation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3396179
TI  - Evaluation of nonradioactive, colored microspheres for measurement of regional
      myocardial blood flow in dogs.
AB  - Measurement of regional myocardial blood flow (RMBF) is crucial in experimental
      studies of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion in dogs. The standard measurement
      technique uses radioactive microspheres; however, not all institutions are able
      to dispose of radioactive waste and therefore cannot make use of this method. We
      tested a new, nonradioactive microsphere, labeled with colors instead of
      nuclides. Simultaneous blood flow measurements with two nuclide-labeled and two
      colored microspheres were performed after coronary occlusion in dogs. Both
      techniques show a within-method correlation of r greater than 0.98. Duplicate
      variability for paired RMBF values in 80 samples was 8.7 +/- 0.1% when computed
      with radioactive microspheres and 13.2 +/- 1.8% when computed with colored
      microspheres. There was a good correlation in the measurement of RMBF between the
      radioactive- and colored-microsphere methods (r = 0.98). The best-fitting linear
      regression line was expressed by the formula: Colored-microsphere RMBF = 1.11
      (radioactive-microsphere RMBF)-0.02. When measured by colored microspheres, RMBF
      was approximately 8% higher than when computed with radioactive microspheres for
      blood flow values of 0-2 ml/min/g. When blood flow was increased
      pharmacologically to levels of 2-7.5 ml/min/g, colored microspheres yielded blood
      flow values 39% higher than the values computed by radioactive microspheres. We
      conclude that the nonradioactive, colored-microsphere method correlates with the
      radioactive technique, but at high flows, it yields values greater than those
      obtained with radioactive microspheres.

PMID- 3396180
TI  - Iron-load increases the susceptibility of rat hearts to oxygen reperfusion
      damage. Protection by the antioxidant (+)-cyanidanol-3 and deferoxamine.
AB  - To investigate whether iron is involved in the reperfusion syndrome by
      aggravating free radical injury, the hearts from iron-loaded and control rats
      were perfused under normoxic, anoxic, and reperfusion conditions. Normoxic
      perfusion revealed no change in coronary flow, contractility, or lactate
      dehydrogenase (LDH) release between these two groups. Under anoxic and
      reperfusion conditions, however, we found a significant increase of ventricle
      fibrillation (56% vs. 0%, p less than 0.01, n = 9), a significantly lower
      recovery of contractility (21 +/- 7.4% vs. 81 +/- 6.6%, mean +/- SEM; p less than
      0.001), and a significant increase of LDH release (667 +/- 142 vs. 268 +/- 37 mU
      LDH/min/g wet wt, mean +/- SEM; p less than 0.05). Administration of either 20
      microM of the antioxidant (+)-cyanidanol-3 or 50 microM of the iron-chelator
      deferoxamine totally prevented the generation of ventricle fibrillation and
      normalized contractility to control levels in the iron-loaded group. Moreover, 20
      microM (+)-cyanidanol-3 significantly lowered LDH release in this period (312 +/-
      67 mU), whereas deferoxamine had no protective effect on this LDH release (1,494
      +/- 288 mU). Normal hearts appeared to be protected by 20 microM (+)-cyanidanol-3
      as well. In this group (n = 6), a significantly higher recovery of contractility
      (97.1 +/- 3.2% vs. 81 +/- 6.6%, p less than 0.05) and a significantly lower
      release of LDH (110 +/- 27 vs. 268 +/- 37 mU, p less than 0.05) was found
      compared with the control group (n = 9). No difference in superoxide dismutase or
      glutathione peroxidase activity was found between the groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3396181
TI  - Lack of involvement of thromboxane A2 in postischemic recovery of stunned canine
      myocardium.
AB  - Modification of the thromboxane: prostacyclin ratio alters the severity of
      reperfusion arrhythmias and postischemic damage in long-term, irreversibly
      injured myocardium. In this study, the effects of the thromboxane synthetase
      inhibitor dazmegrel and the thromboxane receptor antagonist BM 13.505 on
      myocardial postischemic functional recovery and preservation of tissue adenine
      nucleotides was examined after a 15-minute episode of ischemia followed by 3
      hours of reperfusion (myocardial stunning). Dazmegrel (3 or 8 mg/kg) or BM 13.505
      (10 mg/kg) was given 15 minutes before coronary occlusion and compared with a
      control group in barbital-anesthetized dogs. Regional segment shortening (percent
      segment shortening, sonomicrometry), regional myocardial blood flow
      (microspheres), and coronary venous eicosanoid and high-energy phosphate levels
      (biopsies after 3 hours of reperfusion) were measured. Areas at risk, regional
      myocardial blood flow, and regional segment shortening during coronary occlusion
      were similar in all groups. Dazmegrel (3 mg/kg) attenuated the decrease in
      endocardial and midmyocardial adenosine 5'-triphosphate, and both doses
      significantly improved regional segment shortening during reperfusion. Coronary
      venous thromboxane levels were significantly decreased throughout the experiment
      in both dazmegrel-treated groups, and thromboxane levels were significantly
      elevated in the control group 3 hours after reperfusion. Prostacyclin, measured
      in the form of its main metabolite, 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha, did not change
      significantly in the control group throughout the experiment, but it was markedly
      increased in dazmegrel groups throughout reperfusion, particularly in the
      dazmegrel group receiving 3 mg/kg. BM 13.505 exerted no beneficial effects on
      postischemic function or metabolism. In conclusion, after a reversible ischemic
      insult, postischemic recovery of function and metabolic status was not enhanced
      by preocclusion treatment with a thromboxane receptor blocker, and thus, the
      beneficial effects of thromboxane synthesis inhibition on postischemic
      abnormalities was not due to a reduction in thromboxane but was the result of
      endoperoxide shunting and a subsequent increase in prostacyclin. Therefore,
      thromboxane does not appear to be an important mediator of reversible ischemia
      reperfusion damage.

PMID- 3396183
TI  - Ventricular tachycardia. Chipping away at finding curative therapy.

PMID- 3396182
TI  - Therapy to reduce free radicals during early reperfusion does not limit the size
      of myocardial infarcts caused by 90 minutes of ischemia in dogs.
AB  - It has been postulated that oxygen-centered free radicals are produced in
      significant quantities upon reperfusion of ischemic myocardium and could cause
      the death of myocytes that are still reversibly injured at the end of ischemia
      ("reperfusion injury"). However, we have shown previously that anti-free radical
      therapies including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and inhibitors of xanthine oxidase
      did not limit infarct size after 40 minutes of ischemia and 4 days of reperfusion
      in dogs. To test whether 40 minutes of ischemia is too brief a period to produce
      the prerequisite conditions for free radical-mediated necrosis upon reperfusion,
      we studied infarcts produced by 90 minutes of ischemia followed by reperfusion.
      Dogs in an SOD-catalase group received a 60-minute infusion of SOD (15,000
      units/kg) and catalase (55,000 units/kg) beginning 25 minutes before and ending
      35 minutes after reperfusion. A second group of dogs received a single injection
      of the xanthine oxidase inhibitor oxypurinol (20 mg/kg) 25 minutes before
      reperfusion. Infarct size was assessed histologically relative to the size of the
      area at risk and to collateral blood flow to the ischemic region. Infarct size as
      a percentage of the area at risk was similar in the control group (40.7 +/- 5.5%,
      n = 11), the SOD-catalase group (38.0 +/- 6.4%; n = 8), and the oxypurinol
      treated group (41.4 +/- 6.1%; n = 7) [p = not significant (NS) by analysis of
      variance]. In controls, there was an inverse relation between infarct size and
      collateral blood flow; neither of the treatments altered this relation (p = NS by
      analysis of covariance).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3396184
TI  - Value of Doppler echocardiography for quantifying valvular stenosis or
      regurgitation.

PMID- 3396185
TI  - Corneal sensitivity in aphakic and pseudophakic eyes.

PMID- 3396186
TI  - Morphologic and fluorophotometric analysis of the corneal endothelium in long
      term hard and soft contact lens wearers.

PMID- 3396187
TI  - Change in corneal curvature with elevation of intraocular pressure after radial
      keratotomy in the primate eye.

PMID- 3396188
TI  - Front toric gas permeable contact lens fitting for residual astigmatism.

PMID- 3396189
TI  - Hydrocurve II bifocal contact lenses: a clinical perspective.

PMID- 3396191
TI  - Sublingual allergen administration. I. Selective suppression of IgE production in
      rats by high allergen doses.
AB  - Sublingual administration of a protein allergen to immunologically naive rats
      suppressed subsequent allergen-specific IgE responses. Susceptibility to this
      form of immunotherapy was genetically determined, with some inbred rat strains
      displaying immunological tolerance in the IgE antibody class alone, whilst others
      developed concomitant suppression of IgG. Parallel gastric intubation experiments
      established that the development of tolerance by sublingual allergen
      administration proceeded independently of events occurring in the gut resulting
      from swallowing the allergen. These results are consistent with clinical reports
      which suggest that the oral mucosa is a potentially useful site for therapeutic
      modulation of allergic reactivity, and indicate that appropriate animal models
      can be developed to probe this important question. However, further research is
      required to determine the relevance of these findings to current sublingual
      desensitization practices.

PMID- 3396190
TI  - The clinical significance of the oxygen permeability of contact lenses.

PMID- 3396192
TI  - Isotype specific immunoglobulin responses to the house dust mite Dermatophagoides
      pteronyssinus and the purified allergen Der p 1 in asthmatic and control subjects
      from the Eastern Highlands of Papua New Guinea.
AB  - The IgG, IgE and IgA antibody responses to the whole mite extract and a purified
      major mite allergen Der p 1, in sera from asthmatic and age- and sex-matched
      control subjects from the South Fore region of the Eastern Highlands of Papua New
      Guinea, have been studied. Radio-allergosorbent studies showed that the majority
      of the asthmatics, in contrast to control subjects, produced IgE to whole mite
      extract, and that Der p 1 was a major allergen in this population with 88% of
      mite allergic asthmatics responding. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay studies on
      these sera showed that the geometric mean levels of whole mite, but not Der p 1,
      specific IgG and IgA were significantly higher in the asthmatic group than in the
      control group. Significant correlations between whole mite specific IgG, IgE and
      IgA responses were obtained. These data indicate that Papua New Guinean
      asthmatics are similar to Caucasian asthmatic population with regard to
      serological responses to mite allergens, despite differences in disease
      presentation, particularly the late age of onset and severity of symptoms.

PMID- 3396193
TI  - Occupational allergic rhinitis from guar gum.
AB  - Three cases of allergic rhinitis from a vegetable gum, guar gum, have been
      detected. Two subjects were exposed to fine guar gum powder (Emco Gum 563,
      Meyhall Chemical AG, Switzerland), an insulator in rubber cables, when opening
      cables in a power cable laboratory. After 1-2 years' exposure the patients
      developed rhinitis. Scratch-chamber tests, nasal provocation tests, nasal
      eosinophilia and a RAST test proved their allergy. A third subject developed
      allergic rhinitis from another guar gum product (Meyproid 5306, Meyhall Chemical
      AG) after 2 years' exposure in a paper factory. A positive skin test and nasal
      provocation test confirmed the diagnosis. A fourth case of possible allergy to
      guar gum after exposure to Meyproid 5306 in a paper factory is also presented. No
      final diagnosis was reached in this case (in 1974). The present subjects, only
      one of whom was atopic, developed allergy within 2 years, although their exposure
      to guar gum was not especially heavy. Therefore, when handling guar, adequate
      ventilation facilities should be provided and protective clothing, including a
      respiratory mask, should be worn.

PMID- 3396194
TI  - Long-term safety of budesonide nasal aerosol: a 5.5-year follow-up study.
AB  - The effects of prolonged treatment with intranasally applied budesonide was
      studied in twenty-four patients with perennial allergic or non-allergic rhinitis.
      Patients on continuous treatment were followed up for 5.5 years. At entry and
      follow-up visits, rhinoscopic findings, nasal symptom scores, blood chemistry,
      haematology, urine analysis and determination of plasma cortisol levels, before
      and after stimulation with ACTH (Synacthen, Ciba-Geigy AG, Basel, Switzerland),
      were registered. Biopsies of the nasal mucosa were taken before entry into the
      study, after 1 year of treatment, and after varying time intervals ranging from
      2.5 to 5.5 years during the treatment. The biopsy specimens were examined blindly
      by an independent pathologist. The analyses revealed no histopathological changes
      in the nasal mucosa. All nasal symptom parameters assessed by the patients were
      significantly reduced from the baseline during the entire follow-up period. No
      clinically significant changes in the haematological and blood chemistry
      parameters were observed. Plasma cortisol analyses before and after challenge
      with ACTH revealed no influence on the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis.
      The present study suggests that intranasal budesonide in the dose of 200-400
      micrograms/day is also a safe treatment for prolonged treatment of perennial
      rhinitis.

PMID- 3396195
TI  - Basidiospore allergens: analysis of Coprinus quadrifidus spore, cap, and stalk
      extracts.
AB  - Atopic individuals with symptoms of respiratory allergy have been shown to have
      IgE-mediated reactions to spores from the basidiomycete fungi. Because our
      earlier studies suggested that parts of the fungus other than spores may contain
      allergens, the current study was performed. Extracts of Coprinus quadrifidus
      spores, caps, and stalks were prepared and fractionated by gel filtration column
      chromatography on Sephadex G-75. Analysis of column fractions of each separation
      by ultraviolet absorption demonstrated at least three peaks of absorbency in
      spore, cap, and stalk extracts. Pooled column fractions were analysed by direct
      radio-allergosorbent test (RAST) using pooled sera from C. quadrifidus skin-test
      positive subjects. Enhanced allergenic activity was present in the same portion
      of the column eluate for cap, spore, and stalk fractionations, corresponding to a
      molecular weight of approximately 10.5-25 kD. Pools with allergenic activity were
      used to test volunteers by skin prick and RAST. Skin test and RAST activities
      were similar for each of the three Coprinus extracts, with stalk being the most
      potent. Evidence of common allergenic epitopes was demonstrated by inhibition of
      spore RAST by spore, cap, and stalk extracts. These results suggest that C.
      quadrifidus cap and stalk extracts contain allergens similar to those in spores
      extract and may provide useful sources of allergen for further study.

PMID- 3396196
TI  - Month of birth and grass pollen or mite sensitization in children with
      respiratory allergy: a significant relationship.
AB  - This report describes a retrospective analysis of the month of birth distribution
      of 2124 children with respiratory allergy in the Rome district between 1964 and
      1985, in comparison with the total live births in the same district over the same
      period. Of the 2124 children, 1685 had positive skin tests and/or RAST only to
      mites, and 439 only to grass pollen (P much less than 0.001). A significant
      relationship was found between grass or mite sensitization and the month of
      birth. A high proportion of children born in June-September had mite allergy (P
      less than 0.005), and even higher was that of those born in March-May with grass
      sensitivity (P much less than 0.005), compared with the total live birth
      distribution in the Rome district in the same years as the children examined.
      These results are consistent with the idea that allergy may be associated with a
      period of susceptibility to sensitization in early infancy.

PMID- 3396197
TI  - Evidence of allergic hypersensitivity to chironomid midges in an English village
      community.
AB  - Some chironomid (non-biting) midges contain potent human allergens, principally
      in the form of insect haemoglobins. In view of previously demonstrated
      immunological cross-reactivity between some different midge species, the possible
      role of British midges in allergic disease was studied. The chosen site, Farmoor
      near Oxford, is a village that has been subject to several annual nuisance midge
      swarms since the construction of an adjacent water-supply reservoir in 1964,
      which was extended in 1975. The incidence and severity of hypersensitivity in the
      community was assessed by questionnaire survey, skin-prick testing, radio
      allergosorbent tests (RAST) and RAST inhibition, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent
      assays (ELISA) and ELISA inhibition, using extracts of locally caught adult
      midges (Tanytarsus sylvaticus, T. bathophilus and Chironomus anthracinus) and
      laboratory cultured larvae (C. riparius). These tests revealed a low but
      significant level of midge-related hypersensitivity with skin-prick results
      showing seasonal fluctuations, but this seasonality was not confirmed with an IgE
      RAST. A correlation between IgE levels and relevant symptoms was found (P less
      than 0.01) using RAST, but not between IgE and skin-test results. Enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay results did not correlate with any other parameter measured.
      The incidence and severity of allergic reactions to the midges tested in this
      community was low.

PMID- 3396198
TI  - Report on skin test standardization. The Committee on Skin Test Standardization
      of The Netherlands Society of Allergology.
AB  - The decision to set up a Committee on Skin Test Standardization was taken in 1985
      at the spring meeting of the Netherlands Society of Allergology. The committee's
      terms of reference were to make recommendations about: (i) the standardization of
      skin-test techniques; (ii) ensuring the quality of skin-test techniques; (iii)
      determining whether tests should be carried out using serial dilutions and, if
      so, under what conditions; (iv) the adaptation of standard series or the use of
      minimum numbers of allergen extracts with adults and children. This committee
      cannot be viewed separately from the previously established Committee on the
      Standardization of Allergen Extracts. The availability of allergen extracts that
      are as highly standardized as possible is an essential condition for good skin
      test diagnostics.

PMID- 3396200
TI  - Interside amplitude asymmetries in the median nerve somatosensory evoked
      potential: normative data.
AB  - Short latency median nerve somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) were recorded
      from a group of 31 adults in order to establish the boundaries between normal and
      abnormal interside amplitude asymmetries. The potentials studied were the
      cervical SEP (N13) and the primary cortical response (N20). In order to more
      accurately analyse and compare intersubject data, the amplitude of the lesser
      potential was expressed as a percentage of the greater potential. The limit for
      normality was defined as 1 SD (of the mean amplitude asymmetry) below the lowest
      individual value observed among normal subjects. It is concluded that if a
      cervical potential from one side is no more than 60% of the potential from the
      other side, then this represents a significantly abnormal amplitude asymmetry. In
      contrast, a cortical potential must have an amplitude which is less than 36% of
      the larger potential in order to be considered significantly abnormal.

PMID- 3396199
TI  - Electroencephalography in AIDS and AIDS-related complex.
AB  - EEG records from 47 patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
      or AIDS-related complex (ARC) were reviewed retrospectively to correlate EEG
      findings with neurologic abnormalities. Abnormal EEGs were found in 22 of 33
      (67%) patients with AIDS and 5 of 14 (36%) patients with ARC. Among 27 patients
      with abnormal EEGs, there were 9 patients with dementia, 10 with opportunistic
      infections of the CNS, and 6 with no apparent neurologic disease. AIDS dementia
      was associated with intermittent or continuous slowing, often most prominent
      anteriorly. Focal slowing or sharp activity was usually found in patients who had
      focal CNS processes, such as cerebral toxoplasmosis and CNS lymphoma. These
      findings suggest the EEG can be a useful diagnostic test for evaluating patients
      with AIDS and ARC, particularly when these patients present with seizures,
      psychiatric symptoms, or cognitive dysfunction. The significance of abnormal EEGs
      in patients who are neurologically asymptomatic is unknown.

PMID- 3396201
TI  - Malignant cystic meningioma with spike and wave EEG pattern.
AB  - A 23 year old woman suffering from grand mal epilepsy showed generalized spike
      and wave activity on her EEG. The CT showed a cystic tumor in the cortex and the
      white tissue of the right parietal region. On operation the tumor was diagnosed
      as malignant infiltrating cystic meningioma. After removal of the tumor the spike
      and wave pattern disappeared. Cortical localized tumors are rarely associated
      with a generalized spike and wave pattern.

PMID- 3396202
TI  - Unilateral alpha rhythm and Cheyne-Stokes respirations.
AB  - A case of unilateral basal ganglion hemorrhage with Cheyne-Stokes respirations is
      presented. During the hyperpneic periods there was rhythmic alpha activity in the
      hemisphere contralateral to the basal ganglion hemorrhage. We postulate that the
      hemorrhage interrupted the thalamocortical fibers on the involved side. The
      implications of this clinical evidence are discussed in the light of the theory
      of cerebral autorhythmicity.

PMID- 3396203
TI  - Marfan's syndrome, recurrent complex partial status epilepticus and myoclonus: a
      case report.
AB  - A 26 year-old mentally retarded woman suffering from Marfan's syndrome and
      epileptic seizures presented weekly recurrent complex partial status epilepticus
      for two years, and myoclonus at rest. A marked increase of the myoclonic jerks
      and transient signs of cerebellar dysfunction followed each occurrence of the
      status epilepticus. Myoclonus could be interpreted as: 1) a permanent neurologic
      consequence of primary CNS disorders or secondary to disorders of the connective
      tissue, 2) a persistent post-ictal sequela sustained by recurrence of complex
      partial status, or 3) an additional consequence of both brain disorders due to
      Marfan's syndrome and recurrence of complex partial status epilepticus. The case
      report raises the possibility that recurrence of complex partial status for a
      long period may be a risk factor of permanent neurologic deficit, especially in
      already brain damaged patients.

PMID- 3396204
TI  - Absence status epilepticus resulting from metrizamide and omnipaque myelography.
AB  - Two cases of absence status are described, one case following metrizamide
      myelography and the other from omnipaque myelography. Metrizamide has been well
      known to cause convulsive seizures even in patients without epilepsy. The exact
      mechanism is not known but appears to be direct neuronal toxic effects possibly
      due to competitive inhibition of hexokinase activity. The acute confusional state
      following myelography from water soluble agents is reviewed. In view of the
      difficulty in clinical diagnosis and the excellent response to anticonvulsant
      therapy, the possibility of this clinical entity should be specifically excluded
      by EEG in any person suffering from prolonged confusion following myelography
      with water soluble agents.

PMID- 3396206
TI  - Re: A two-second EEG fellowship.

PMID- 3396205
TI  - A chain of suprasegmental neuroscillatory circuits: a human brain theory.
AB  - A novel electrophysiological model of human brain electrical activity and
      functions is proposed. It views the human central nervous system as a chain of
      three suprasegmental neuroscillatory circuits, namely prosencephalic,
      mesencephalic, and rhombencephalic. Each circuit consists of a network of
      periventricular paracrine core neurons, efferent motor plate neurons, and sensory
      associative alar plate neurons mediating suprasegmental electroclinical
      phenomena. The model is based on the exponential analyses of well established
      human data from the fields of electroencephalography, evoked potentials, wake
      sleep spectrum, stages of anesthesia, and a variety of human tremors. This
      neuroscillatory chain is functionally analogous to the chain of cardiac pacemaker
      neurons.

PMID- 3396207
TI  - Electrical status epilepticus during slow sleep: one case with sensory aphasia.
AB  - Electrical status epilepticus during slow sleep (ESES) is characterized by an EEG
      picture that justifies its name. It can be accompanied by epileptic seizures,
      speech and behavior disturbances and in rare cases by an acquired sensory
      aphasia. We describe the case of a six-year-old girl, whose EEG presented the
      typical ESES picture, and who in the span of one year developed a complete
      sensory aphasia, followed by motor aphasia. After 6 months of treatment with
      clobazam recovery of speech was nearly complete, but after 8 months clobazam lost
      its effectiveness and the girl presented a speech regression. Treatment with
      nitrazepam led to a complete recovery of speech for a second time, while at the
      same time ESES in the EEG again disappeared. This case, in addition to others
      described in the literature, suggests the possibility of a direct correlation
      between electrical abnormalities of the brain and cognitive and speech
      disturbances.

PMID- 3396208
TI  - Somatosensory and brainstem auditory evoked potential studies in nontraumatic
      coma.
AB  - We believe that somatosensory and brainstem auditory evoked response studies help
      in the understanding of the dysfunction of the ascending sensory pathyways at
      various levels. In some patients where EEGs showed a significant contamination of
      muscle and background noise, the SEP studies helped to identify the level of
      dysfunction. The severity of the clinical condition (GCS score) correlated
      significantly (p = 0.003) with the prolongation of the CCT. Asymmetries in CCTs
      were more frequent in the stroke group than in the other groups. The presence of
      asymmetries in CCT in diffuse encephalopathies indicated a variable degree of
      dysfunction in the ascending sensory pathways, which clinically were not easily
      identifiable. This fact raised the possibility of either pre-existing lesion(s)
      or recent insult(s) such as ischemia. The presence or absence of N20 appeared to
      influence the duration of survival in subgroups. Some degree of difference in
      duration of survival was noted among the metabolic group with and without N20
      potential. The subset of patients with N20 potential survived relatively longer
      than the group without it. A suggestion of influence was seen in the stroke
      group, but caution must be exercised because the absence of N20 was compatible
      with survival. The hypoxic group did not show any difference. A combination of
      prolonged interpeak EP-N13 and N13-N20 indicated a poor prognosis. A distinct
      absence of Wave I in BAER limited its usefulness on some occasions. A combination
      of abnormal interpeak III-V and abnormal CCT seemed to suggest a poor prognosis.
      Although death generally occurred earlier in the stroke group, age did not seem
      to influence the mortality in the first 10 days. Similarly, the cause of death
      also did not seem to influence the course in those 10 days. None of the adult
      patients survived.

PMID- 3396209
TI  - Unusual scalp recorded somatosensory evoked potentials after removal of a large
      intraventricular meningioma.
AB  - Very unusual scalp recorded SEPs were seen in a case after removal of a large
      intraventricular meningioma. One day before death (ten days after surgery) when
      the patient was moribund, SEPs from the clinically and radiologically affected
      hemisphere in which a hematoma and thalamic infarct were found, had a normal
      latency and were decreased in amplitude. SEPs from the clinically and
      radiologically nonaffected hemisphere, where only minimal findings were seen, had
      an abnormally short latency (16.9 msec) and the CCT was only 3.1 msec. We do not
      offer any logical explanation of these unusual SEP findings from both hemispheres
      shortly before death.

PMID- 3396211
TI  - Modified auditory brainstem responses (MABR). Part 2--Studies in patients with
      intracranial lesions.

PMID- 3396210
TI  - Use of somatosensory evoked responses in the prediction of outcome from coma.
AB  - Present data on 60 comatose patients with head trauma, hypoxia and
      cerebrovascular disease suggested that SER may yield quantitative, useful
      information concerning the functional state of the cerebral cortex. To assess the
      prognosis of individual patients we propose to classify patients from various
      etiologies of coma into the following categories: I. If there is bilateral
      absence of cortical responses, irrespective of the etiology of coma, none of
      these patients recover. II. If the initial cortical responses in the first 24
      hours are normal, then it is imperative that these should be repeated in the
      first week before any definitive prognosis can be given, (since as in one case,
      we noted on the fifth day there was distortion of amplitude of his response and
      eventually the cortical responses were unobtainable, therefore indicating a poor
      prognosis). III. Patients who have normal responses throughout the acute course
      of illness carry an excellent prognosis from coma of all etiologies, except with
      ischemic etiology. The prognosis remains favorable for recovery from coma, but
      these patients may remain with significant neurological deficits. IV. When there
      is a 75% drop in the amplitude of the responses, it indicates a poor prognosis
      for ultimate neurological recovery, and the majority of these patients will
      remain in a persistent vegetative state. V. In patients with intermediate
      reduction in amplitude, 25-50% carried a moderate prognosis, and the majority of
      these cases in our series were able to perform activities of daily living.

PMID- 3396212
TI  - Inhibition of immune complex solubilization by sera of patients with
      membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis.
AB  - Inhibition of complement mediated solubilization (CMS) of preformed immune
      complexes was previously demonstrated in the serum of patients with systemic
      lupus erythematosus. We studied the ability of serum from patients with MPGN I or
      III to inhibit the solubilization of preformed BSA- anti-BSA aggregates by pooled
      normal human serum. Inhibition of CMS was found in the sera of 20/35 patients;
      the inhibition was more dramatic in those with active disease (9/9), as compared
      to those in remission (8/21) or with renal failure (3/5). The inhibition did not
      seem to be related to corticosteroid therapy, nephrotic syndrome, circulating
      immune complexes or hypocomplementaemia. In only one patient was inhibition
      associated with the presence of C3 nephritic factor activity and
      decomplementation of the target serum.

PMID- 3396213
TI  - Experimental studies of immunologically mediated enteropathy: IV. Correlation
      between immune effector mechanisms and type of enteropathy during a GvHR in
      neonatal mice of different ages.
AB  - We have used the intestinal phase of the graft-versus-host-reaction (GvHR) in
      unirradiated F1 mice as a model for enteropathy due to cell-mediated immunity
      (CMI). Injection of neonatal (CBA x BALB/c)F1 mice less than 48 h old with CBA
      spleen cells produced an acute GvHR, which was associated with runting and severe
      intestinal damage, characterized by villus atrophy. These animals developed
      specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity and invariably died. In contrast,
      7-day-old F1 mice with GvHR developed a proliferative GvHR, characterized by
      intense splenomegaly, NK cell activation and intestinal crypt hyperplasia. These
      mice did not lose weight, had no villus atrophy or CTL activity and all
      recovered. A similar proliferative phase was also found to precede the
      established GvHR in 1-2-day-old hosts. Induction of a GvHR in 5-day-old hosts
      produced a disease with some characteristics of both proliferative and
      destructive GvHR, with some mice developing weight loss and villus atrophy, while
      others showed only crypt hyperplasia and NK cell activation. However, there was
      very little specific CTL activity in any of these animals. These results indicate
      that markedly different forms of GvHR can be induced in mice during the first
      week of life and that these are associated with different pathological effects.
      Although the immunological mechanisms which are activated may also differ between
      the types of GvHR, our findings support the hypothesis that intestinal damage
      which includes villus atrophy is merely a progressive form of the delayed type
      hypersensitivity responsible for a proliferative enteropathy.

PMID- 3396214
TI  - Immunosuppressive effects of (2R,5R)-6-heptyne-2,5-diamine an inhibitor of
      polyamine synthesis: I. Effects on mitogen-induced immunoglobulin production in
      human cultured lymphocytes.
AB  - The consequences of specific inhibition of polyamine biosynthesis by (2R,5R)-6
      heptyne-2,5-diamine (MAP) a potent inhibitor of L-ornithine decarboxylase (ODC),
      on immunoglobulin (Ig) production were studied in cultured human peripheral blood
      lymphocytes stimulated with pokeweed mitogen (PWM). MAP inhibits the usual PWM
      induced increase of polyamine (putrescine, spermidine and spermine)
      concentrations and reduces concomitantly cell replication. In parallel with these
      biochemical effects, IgG and IgM production are diminished, a 95% decrease being
      observed at 100 microM MAP concentration. That the suppressive effects of the ODC
      inhibitor result from polyamine deficiency, and not from unrelated
      pharmacological effects, is demonstrated by the restoration of normal Ig
      production when 10 microM putrescine or spermidine are added to the culture
      medium. These findings established that the cellular immunological response can
      be affected by specific inhibition of polyamine biosynthesis and deserve further
      consideration both under in vitro and in vivo conditions.

PMID- 3396215
TI  - Deficient repair of O6-methylguanine in lymphocytes from rheumatoid arthritis
      families may be an acquired defect.
AB  - Deficient repair of the premutagenic DNA lesion O6-methylguanine (O6-MeGua) has
      been reported in lymphocytes from patients with autoimmune diseases. This was
      confirmed in the present study of probands with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and
      their families. We also noted a significant deficiency in 9/19 spouses (P less
      than 0.05) and a statistically non-significant deficiency of repair of O6-MeGua
      in 14/42 first and second degree relatives in comparison with healthy and non
      autoimmune disease controls, respectively. A significant correlation of the
      repair status of O6-MeGua in DNA between individual probands with RA and
      respective spouses (P less than 0.01) and probands and respective family members
      (P less than 0.001) supported the idea that an environmental, transmissible agent
      could influence the expression of the protein, O6-methylguanine-DNA-transferase
      (O6-MT), involved in the repair of O6-MeGua. The present results, however, cannot
      entirely exclude an additional hereditary influence.

PMID- 3396216
TI  - Minimal role for the spleen in antibody responses of C57BR/cdj mice to
      pneumococcal polysaccharide antigens.
AB  - The role of the spleen in antibody production and in susceptibility to
      pneumococcal infections remains poorly understood. Recently we showed that in A/J
      mice high antibody responses to polysaccharide antigens depend upon dosage,
      antigenic structure, interval between immunization and assay and the presence of
      the spleen. To investigate the possibility of alternative patterns of response,
      intact and splenectomized (Sx) C57BR/cdj mice were assayed for antibody responses
      to two structurally different pneumococcal polysaccharides, type 3 (SIII) and
      type 14 (SXIV). After 50 or 100 ng of SIII, intact C57BR/cdj mice produced
      uniformly low antibody responses that were further suppressed by splenectomy, but
      after 1,000 ng of SIII, C57BR/cdj mice, regardless of whether they were intact or
      Sx, produced antibody responses as high as those of intact A/J mice. Following
      SXIV, a spleen-dependent antigen, C57BR/cdj mice produced consistently lower
      antibody responses than A/J mice. Antibody responses to 500 or 5,000 ng of SXIV
      were totally obliterated in Sx C57BR/cdj mice; but unlike A/J mice, responses to
      10,000 ng were similar regardless of whether C57BR/cdj mice were intact or Sx.
      The inability of intact C57BR/cdj mice to produce elevated responses to SIII or
      SXIV suggests that C57BR/cdj mice may lack the subset of spleen cells necessary
      for a vigorous response to these antigens. The data suggest that these mice could
      provide useful animal models for studying host variability in antibody responses
      to pneumococcal polysaccharides.

PMID- 3396218
TI  - Suppression of contact hypersensitivity by short-term ultraviolet irradiation:
      II. The role of urocanic acid.
AB  - Cis-urocanic acid (cis-UCA), produced from trans-UCA (a normal component of
      epidermis) by UV irradiation, suppressed cell-mediated immunological reactions in
      vivo and in vitro. It suppressed the development of contact hypersensitivity
      (CHS) when injected into mice, and it suppressed leucocyte adherence inhibition
      (LAI) reactions of previously sensitized lymphocytes exposed to antigen. Serum
      from mice injected with cis-UCA was also immunosuppressive in vitro. Normal
      murine spleen cells cultured with cis-UCA produced a non-dialysable factor which
      suppressed LAI reactivity. Trans-UCA was ineffectual in all of these systems.
      Both the ability of cis-UCA to induce an immunosuppressive serum factor and its
      ability to suppress CHS were abrogated by prior administration of
      cyclophosphamide, indicating that cis-UCA (normally from irradiated epidermis)
      stimulates T suppressor cells to produce the previously described suppressor
      factor in serum and the immunosuppression associated with short-term irradiation.

PMID- 3396217
TI  - IgG subclass composition of antibodies to HBsAg in circulating immune complexes
      from patients with hepatitis B virus infections.
AB  - The IgG subclass of antibody associated with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)
      in circulating immune complexes (CIC) from patients with either acute or chronic
      hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections was measured using an isotype and antigen
      specific ELISA. All patients were HBsAg positive but were negative for free anti
      HBs antibody. The subclass of antibody associated with HBsAg in CIC in both
      groups was predominantly IgG1 and IgG4. This is in contrast to free anti-HBs in
      convalescent sera from patients recovering from HBV infection, which are highly
      restricted to IgG1 and IgG3. The finding of high levels of IgG4 antibodies in CIC
      suggest that CIC containing this subclass may be cleared less efficiently than
      CIC containing antibodies of other subclasses. Formation of these CIC may be an
      important factor in the progression of infection to chronicity and may also be
      involved in the antigen-specific immunosuppression seen in early acute and
      chronic HBV infections.

PMID- 3396219
TI  - Tolerogenic activity of polymerized type II collagen in preventing collagen
      induced arthritis in rats.
AB  - Rats were exposed parenterally or pergastrically to polymerized type II collagen
      (POLCII) and became resistant to the subsequent induction of disease with
      arthritogenic type II collagen (CII) administered intradermally in Freund's
      incomplete adjuvant (FIA). POLCII was prepared by cross-linking native soluble
      arthritogenic CII, from bovine nasal septal cartilage, with glutaraldehyde.
      POLCII injected intradermally in FIA did not induce arthritis. Animals treated in
      this manner were resistant for a period of at least 100 days to induced disease.
      The change in the properties of the CII from an arthritogen to a tolerogen was
      related to the amount of glutaraldehyde (used to polymerize the CII) which was
      assumed to control the extent of cross-linking of the CII. Highly cross-linked
      POLCII administered pergastrically, like soluble CII, was not arthritogenic but
      was tolerogenic, inducing a state of unresponsiveness to a challenge with
      arthritogenic CII. In general serum anti-CII antibody levels were higher in
      arthritic than in tolerized non-arthritic rats. It is concluded that the breaking
      of self-tolerance to CII depends upon its physical state. When polymerized and
      insoluble, a form analogous to that in which it exists naturally, it is
      tolerogenic.

PMID- 3396220
TI  - Role of IgM-rheumatoid factor interference in the determination of total serum
      IgE and IgE-containing circulating immune complexes.
AB  - IgM-rheumatoid factor (RF) interference in the determination of total serum IgE
      and IgE-containing circulating immune complexes (IgE-CIC) was studied by
      inhibition experiments in vitro comparing a new ELISA technique free of IgM-RF
      interference with more widely used RIA methods. It was shown that a considerable
      overestimation of the IgE content in CIC can exist when high levels of IgM-RF are
      present in the same serum. The clinical part of this study revealed a dramatic
      fall in prevalence of IgE-CIC in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with the
      ELISA technique, compared with the more conventional RIA method (respectively
      1/20 compared to 12/20 positive for IgE-CIC). In these patients, there was a good
      correlation between the level of IgM-RF and the amount of IgE detected in the CIC
      by the RIA method (r = 0.87) whereas the RF-interference free ELISA method showed
      no correlation between these two parameters (r = 0.06). Total serum IgE
      determination with a solid phase RIA was also influenced by IgM-RF interference,
      whereas the PRIST method was not affected by the presence of IgM-RF. In
      conclusion, in patients with rheumatic diseases, IgE-assays using polyclonal
      rabbit or sheep anti-IgE antibodies are not appropriate and monoclonal anti-IgE
      antibodies that have been proved not to interfere with IgM-RF should be
      advocated.

PMID- 3396221
TI  - Abnormal clearance of soluble aggregates of human immunoglobulin G in patients
      with systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - In the present study, we tested mononuclear phagocyte system function in nine
      healthy controls and 15 SLE patients with complement activating 123I-labelled
      aggregates of human IgG (AIgG). Clearance half-time of AIgG was 26 +/- 8 min in
      controls, compared to 58 +/- 27 min in patients (P less than 0.005). Binding of
      AIgG to erythrocytes was significantly lower in patients, 9.3 +/- 8.1 vs 24 +/-
      20% (P less than 0.05). The increase of C3a-levels in plasma was significantly
      lower in patients than in controls (P less than 0.05 at 3 and 8 min), suggesting
      less complement activation. Liver and spleen uptake of 123I-AIgG was measured
      with a gamma camera and expressed as liver/spleen uptake ratios. In patients, the
      liver/spleen uptake ratios were significantly higher than in controls at 15 min,
      3.8 +/- 2.0 vs 2.31 +/- 0.7 (P less than 0.05), due to less splenic uptake of
      AIgG. Correlations between clearance half-time or liver/spleen uptake ratios and
      immune complex levels or disease activity were not found. This study indicates
      that clearance of soluble AIgG is abnormal in patients with SLE, due to decreased
      splenic uptake of AIgG.

PMID- 3396222
TI  - Role of the plasma contact system in the pathogenesis of experimental anti-GBM
      glomerulonephritis.
AB  - To study the participation of the Hageman factor-related contact system of plasma
      in the pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis (GN), an anti-BM GN was induced in a
      group of 10 normal Brown Norway rats and another of seven Brown Norway BN/Mai Pfd
      f rats. The latter strain is characterized by a congenital deficiency of plasma
      prekallikrein and of high-molecular weight kininogen, with lengthening of the
      activated partial thromboplastin time. In the deficient group, one animal
      developed crescents in less than 25% of glomeruli, five in 25-50% and one in 50
      75%. In the group of normal rats, extracapillary proliferation was of greater
      severity: one animal showed crescents in less than 25% of glomeruli, two in 50
      75% and five in more than 75% of glomeruli. Although in both groups intense
      glomerular fibrin deposition was documented, the intensity of these deposits was
      less severe in the deficient animals. These data suggest, in the first place,
      that functional integrity of the contact system is not a necessary requirement
      for glomerular fibrinogenesis, other mechanisms being implicated in this
      phenomenon. On the other hand, this functional deficit has exerted a protective
      effect on crescent formation, which suggests that the contact system can play a
      role as a mediator of injury in glomerulonephritis, perhaps through the release
      of contact system-dependent mediators of inflammation.

PMID- 3396223
TI  - Microalbuminuria in single kidney patients: relationship with protein intake.
AB  - Experimental models have shown that the reduction in renal mass induces an
      increase in glomerular filtration rate of the remnant nephrons, leading to
      proteinuria and glomerular sclerosis. Since the presence of microalbuminuria -
      increased urinary albumin excretion (UAE) undetectable by routine assays - can be
      an early sign of this phenomenon, UAE in the normo- and microalbuminuric range
      was measured in 24 single kidney patients with negative Albustix. Nephrectomy had
      been performed in 22 cases 1 to 28 years before, mostly because of renal
      lithiasis. Patients were selected as being normotensive, normoglycemic and free
      of recurrent urinary infections or stones. On regular diet (mean protein intake
      1.2 g/kg/day), UAE mean values were significantly higher in single kidney
      patients than in 20 controls both in supine position during overnight rest
      (clinostatism) (37.71 +/- 56.32 vs 2.56 +/- 2.27 micrograms/min, p less than
      0.001) and in erect position during moderate physical effort (orthostatism)
      (67.31 +/- 86.12 vs 4.59 +/- 5.73 micrograms/min, p less than 0.004).
      Microalbuminuria was observed in 18/24 single kidney patients in clinostatism and
      15/24 in orthostatism. A subgroup of 14 patients was also studied on different
      protein dietetic regimens. After one month on a 0.6 g/kg/day protein containing
      diet, UAE mean levels significantly decreased in comparison to those found on
      regular diet (clinostatism: 26.15 +/- 35.93 vs 49.24 +/- 70.29 micrograms/min, p
      less than 0.02; orthostatism: 31.73 +/- 46.97 vs 68.92 +/- 83.53 micrograms/min,
      p less than 0.001). One month after a 1.6 g/kg/day protein diet UAE mean values
      significantly increased (clinostatism 83.99 +/- 88.04 micrograms/min, p less than
      0.001; orthostatism: 117.19 +/- 116.12 micrograms/min, p less than 0.001). Our
      data indicate that microalbuminuria, detectable in the majority of patients with
      a single kidney, can be modulated by different protein intakes.

PMID- 3396224
TI  - Small intestinal function and structure in patients with chronic renal failure.
AB  - We studied 24 patients with end-stage chronic renal failure not treated with
      hemodialysis (CRF1) and 16 patients on regular hemodialysis (CRF2), to
      investigate the digestive, absorptive and morphological aspects of the small
      intestinal mucosa. Serum d-xylose test and biochemical parameters of absorption
      (serum calcium and proteins) were determined. Jejunal mucosal biopsies were
      obtained and tissue homogenates assayed for disaccharidases (sucrase, maltase and
      lactase) and dipeptidases (glycyl-glycinase, leucyl-glycinase and leucyl
      aminopeptidase). Histological changes were classified according to the severity
      of abnormality and compared with biopsies obtained from control subjects. Serum d
      xylose test, calcium and proteins were normal in patients with CRF. Maltase
      specific activity was higher in CRF1 than in controls (p less than 0.05). Lactase
      and leucyl-aminopeptidase showed a tendency to decrease in CRF, but this
      difference did not reach statistical significance. Sucrase, glycyl-glycinase and
      leucyl-glycinase specific activity in CRF was similar to the control group.
      Histological changes of the small intestinal mucosa of mild to moderate degree
      were noted in 68% of patients with CRF vs 36% in control subjects (p less than
      0.01). No significant difference was noted in the incidence of absorptive,
      enzymatic (with the exception of maltase) and histological changes between the
      two groups of patients with CRF. These changes are not influenced by
      hemodialysis, a long-term treatment averaging 6 months, they appear to represent
      primary manifestations of CRF and may be related to the nutritional status of
      patients with CRF.

PMID- 3396225
TI  - Electrophysiological aspects of nervous conduction in uremia.
AB  - Some neurophysiological techniques have been employed in clinical nephrology to
      record abnormalities of nervous conduction in central and peripheral pathways.
      The electrical monitoring on the peripheral and central nervous systems has
      allowed the detection of uremic neural injury, the diagnosis of specific
      electrophysiological abnormalities, the evaluation of various treatments employed
      and the identification of those abnormalities that uremia can induce. A group of
      156 subjects subdivided into four groups were examined: 100 healthy subjects (64
      M, 36 F); 56 patients (21 glomerulonephritis, 14 pyelonephritis, 5
      nephrolithiasis, 5 polycystic kidney, 4 nephroangiosclerosis, 7 undetermined)
      with chronic renal failure treated with a conventional low nitrogen diet (CLND,
      0.6 g/kg b.w./d. of proteins), 8 of whom passed from CLND to a very low nitrogen
      diet supplemented with alpha-keto-analogues; a group of 22 of these 56 underwent
      a regular dialysis treatment for 12 to 15 hours/weekly for 40.5 +/- 10.2 months.
      Three patients of the CLND group and 13 patients underwent renal transplantation
      after a variable period of RDT. In the uremic patients we found different
      populations of motor unit potentials; a decreased MNCV was found in 35% of the
      CLND patients, RDT patients had slowed MNCV in 42%. The SNCV was compromised more
      frequently than the MNCV. An increased duration of evoked potentials was
      sometimes observed in CLND and RDT patients inducing us to consider this a
      hallmark of uremic syndrome. The alpha-keto-analogues and HD/HP treated patients
      showed an improvement in several features.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3396226
TI  - Minimal change nephropathy and pemphigus vulgaris associated with penicillamine
      treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - A 51-year-old man developed pemphigus vulgaris, minimal change nephropathy and
      acute tubular necrosis after 11 months of treatment with penicillamine for
      rheumatoid arthritis associated with features of Reiter's syndrome. Penicillamine
      is a polyclonal B lymphocyte activator in animals and precipitates a variety of
      autoimmune reactions in man. The pathogenesis of minimal change nephropathy is
      obscure, but our observations support the possibility that autoimmune mechanisms
      play a role.

PMID- 3396227
TI  - Nifedipine-induced acute renal failure.

PMID- 3396228
TI  - Does hemodialysis induce muscular release of myoglobin?

PMID- 3396229
TI  - Antibodies to dietary antigens in IgA nephropathy.
AB  - It has been postulated that IgA NP is caused by mesangial deposition of IgA
      containing immune complexes formed by IgA polymers (pIgA) which are overproduced
      in response to antigens presented at mucosal surfaces. The intestinal mucosa is
      one possible source of this pIgA. To test whether antibodies to dietary antigens
      might be involved in the pathogenesis of IgA NP, we measured IgG and IgA serum
      antibody activities to gluten, a gluten fraction called glyc-gli, alpha
      lactalbumin, beta-lactoglobulin, casein and ovalbumin in 54 patients with IgA NP
      by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The IgA activities to gluten
      antigens and alpha-lactalbumin were significantly increased in IgA NP compared
      with a group of 40 age-matched healthy controls. In a previous study we found
      that 4 out of 12 patients with IgA NP and gastrointestinal complaints had
      subtotal villous atrophy; this indicated that many patients with IgA NP have
      altered intestinal permeability which may lead to activation of their intestinal
      immune system. Taken together our results showed a relation between the
      intestinal humoral immune system and IgA NP and indicated that antibodies to
      dietary antigens in some patients may be directly involved in the pathogenesis of
      IgA NP.

PMID- 3396230
TI  - Nutritional treatment of renal failure in type 1 diabetic nephropathy.
AB  - This study reports the effects of a low-protein, low-phosphorus, supplemented
      diet in 8 type 1 diabetics with renal failure. The rate of decline of creatinine
      clearance, the changes of the urinary protein loss, of total serum protein, of
      the daily insulin requirement, of the nutritional status and of some hormonal
      derangements were examined. The rate of decline of creatinine clearance decreased
      from 1.38 +/- 0.27 ml/min/month during a previous 15.9-month period of
      unrestricted protein diet, to 0.03 +/- 0.37 ml/min/month during the 17.4 months
      on supplemented diet. Urinary protein loss significantly decreased, and total
      serum protein increased. The daily insulin requirement decreased and no
      deterioration of the nutritional status occurred. Secondary hyperparathyroidism
      was partially reversed and the mild hypothyroidism corrected. A restricted
      protein and phosphorus diet supplemented with essential amino acids and
      ketoanalogs seems to exert several beneficial and no unwanted side effects in
      type 1 diabetics with renal failure.

PMID- 3396231
TI  - Blood rheology in IgA nephropathy.
AB  - Blood rheology was measured in 35 patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and
      compared with age and sex-matched normal controls. Whole blood viscosity, red
      blood cell deformability and plasma viscosity were significantly altered in
      patients with IgAN. A correlation between determinants of blood rheology and
      clinical indices of IgAN was found. The factor(s) causing the rheological
      abnormalities was (were) not defined. Increased blood viscosity may cause
      intraglomerular pressure to rise and filtration to increase and may contribute to
      the development of mesangial lesions. It is proposed that abnormal blood rheology
      may be a causal factor in the pathogenesis of IgAN.

PMID- 3396232
TI  - Correlation between serum aluminum concentration and signs of encephalopathy in a
      large population of patients dialyzed with aluminum-free fluids.
AB  - The role of persistently high serum aluminum levels (sAl) in the pathogenesis of
      dialysis encephalopathy (DE) was evaluated in two groups selected from 170
      patients dialyzed with low Al fluids. Group 1 (G1) consisted of 24 patients
      showing two or more sAl below 50 micrograms/l and group 2 (G2) consisted of 27
      patients with sAl above 100 micrograms/l in at least 2 of 3 determinations. The
      two groups did not show any significant difference for age, sex, education or
      duration of the dialysis treatment. All G1 patients were treated by hemodialysis.
      In G2, 24 patients underwent hemodialysis and 3 were on continuous ambulatory
      peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). We evaluated body loads of Al in 25 of 27 G2 patients
      with the desferrioxamine (DFO) infusion test. All 51 patients underwent a
      neurological examination and a waking EEG. Intelligence was assessed by Raven's
      Progressive Matrices 47 test in 19 of the G1 patients and in 20 of the G2
      patients; short-term memory was measured by digit span and by word span and long
      term memory by a short story in 10 G1 patients and 17 G2 patients. We diagnosed
      DE only in the presence of the typical EEG changes, with or without manifest
      clinical symptoms. DE was diagnosed in none of the G1 patients and in 8 of the G2
      patients (0 vs 29.6%, chi 2 = 6.34; p less than 0.025). Five of the patients with
      DE showed both clinical and EEG signs, while the remaining three showed only EEG
      signs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3396233
TI  - Characteristics and clinical course of hemodialysis patients with analgesic
      associated nephropathy.
AB  - The knowledge of some characteristic findings on the personality of patients with
      analgesic-associated nephropathy (AAN) may facilitate diagnosis of the disease at
      an early stage. We therefore investigated the 144 patients at our hemodialysis
      center and compared the AAN patients (33%) with those having other kidney
      diseases (controls). Patients with AAN were older (60 +/- 10 vs 52 +/- 15 years,
      p less than 0.001) and predominantly women. Acetaminophen and metamizol
      metabolites were detected more frequently in blood from the AAN patients than in
      that from the controls (25% vs 3%, p = 0.002). More AAN patients were smokers,
      and they more frequently complained of vague symptoms (pain, sensitivity to
      changes in weather, insomnia) and also more frequently requested prescriptions
      for analgesics, hypnotics, laxatives, stomachics and antipruritics. Because they
      were older, AAN patients had fewer occupational and financial problems. The
      compliance of the AAN patients was significantly better with respect to important
      dialysis parameters such as weight gain between dialysis treatments (3.6 +/- 1.3
      vs 4.0 +/- 1.3% body weight, p less than 0.05) and diastolic blood pressure (81
      +/- 12 vs 86 +/- 12 mmHg, p = 0.025). Despite an older age and higher morbidity,
      the cumulative 17-year survival rate of the AAN patients did not differ from that
      of the controls. We conclude that AAN patients have characteristic personality
      traits. Their better compliance, adjustment to the hemodialysis situation and
      social conditions are responsible for their good survival on hemodialysis.

PMID- 3396234
TI  - Change of elastase and cathepsin G content in polymorphonuclear leukocytes during
      hemodialysis.
AB  - Previous studies have demonstrated an increment of polymorphonuclear (PMN)
      elastase plasma levels during hemodialysis, suggesting release of this proteinase
      during dialysis treatment. In order to gain further evidence that proteinases are
      liberated from PMN leukocytes during dialysis both plasma levels of PMN elastase
      and the content of elastase and cathepsin G in neutrophils were determined during
      3 hours of hemodialysis with cellulosic membranes (Cuprophan) in 10 patients. In
      blood smears, obtained at different times during dialysis, neutrophils were
      classified into 3 groups according to their proteinase content. Thus, group I
      neutrophils contained low, group II moderate, and group III leukocytes contained
      high amounts of both proteinases. With regard to their elastase content, prior to
      the onset of dialysis, 6% of the circulating PMN leukocytes were classified as
      fraction I, 58% as fraction II, and 36% as fraction III neutrophils. After 15
      minutes of dialysis, at the nadir of leukopenia, all fractions of PMN leukocytes
      were significantly reduced (fraction I: -9%, fraction II: -60%, and fraction III:
      -83%) as compared to initial values. 30 minutes into hemodialysis, there was a
      significant increase in fraction I (+ 78%), whereas fraction II (-28%) and
      fraction III (-70%) remained diminished. At 180 times of hemodialysis the
      increment of fraction I neutrophils was even more pronounced (+ 187%), fraction
      II was also increased (+ 16%), and fraction III neutrophils had almost reached
      initial values. The cathepsin G content of PMN leukocytes displayed a rather
      similar pattern during dialysis. As to plasma levels of PMN elastase, there was a
      steady and significant increase from baseline values of 107.3 +/- 11.5 ng/ml up
      to 388.1 +/- 51.6 ng/ml after 3 hours of hemodialysis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3396235
TI  - Prospective study of HIV I seropositive patients in hemodialysis centers.
AB  - A prospective multicenter study was undertaken between February 1985 and August
      1986 in 4 hemodialysis centers in the Paris area (France) in order to assess the
      prevalence of HIV I infection and the risk of transmission of the virus within
      the centers. A four-month follow-up was carried out in 221 patients undergoing
      hemodialysis (HD) and in 40 staff members caring for the patients in 2 centers.
      62 patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD) and 126 hemodialysis patients who
      transited through a center (HDT) were screened once. A questionnaire exploring
      risk factors was completed for each patient and staff member. Sera were tested
      for HIV I antibodies by ELISA (ELAVIA) and confirmed by Western Blot. Of the 347
      HD + HDT patients, 4 were found to be positive. Of the 221 HD patients, 1 multi
      transfused hemophiliac and 1 multitransfused Nigerian without other risk factors
      were positive in the first screening. Another patient seroconverted after
      transfusion during the study; no other risk factors existed and the donor has not
      yet been found. One of the 126 HDT patients had received infected plasma. No
      staff members or PD patients were positive. No transmission within centers, from
      patient-to-patient or patient-to-staff was evidenced. Although HIV I seems to be
      less infectious than HBV, precautions to prevent transmission of HIV I in
      dialysis centers should be maintained.

PMID- 3396236
TI  - Magnesium hydroxide is a useful complementary aluminum-free phosphate binder to
      moderate doses of oral calcium in uremic patients on chronic hemodialysis.

PMID- 3396237
TI  - Changes in free fatty acid and other lipid concentrations during chronic
      hemodialysis with acetate and bicarbonate buffers.

PMID- 3396238
TI  - One-year death rate in 270 patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction,
      initially treated with intravenous magnesium or placebo.
AB  - In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 273 patients with suspected acute
      myocardial infarction (AMI) were randomized to receive either 48-h magnesium (Mg)
      or placebo therapy intravenously, initiated immediately on admission to hospital.
      We describe the results from a 1-year survey in 270 of the patients, who were
      available for follow-up. Patients were equally divided: 135 received Mg and 135
      received placebo. Mg treatment was associated with a marked reduction in 1-year
      death rate from 32% in the placebo group to 20% in the Mg group (p = 0.018). If
      only death from ischemic heart disease is considered, the figures were 28% in the
      placebo group as opposed to 15% in the Mg group (p = 0.006). This reduction was
      mainly due to a reduction in mortality during the initial 30 days after inclusion
      in the study (17% vs. 7%), after which the difference in mortality between the
      two groups did not reach statistical significance (18% vs. 15%, p = 0.56). The
      beneficial effect of Mg on mortality was partly linked to a reduced incidence of
      arrhythmias (27% vs. 16%), and partly to a reduced incidence of infarction (63%
      vs. 48%) during the initial hospitalization. However, factors unknown to us were
      also involved, as revealed by a remaining statistically significant partial
      regression coefficient, when sex, age, cardiovascular history, development of
      AMI, and development of arrhythmias were considered. It is concluded that
      intravenous Mg treatment is beneficial to patients with acute ischemic heart
      disease and should be adopted as part of the routine treatment of these patients.

PMID- 3396239
TI  - Systemic and coronary hemodynamic effects of combined oral alpha- and beta
      adrenergic blockade (labetalol) in normotensive patients with stable angina
      pectoris and positive exercise stress tests.
AB  - The systemic and coronary hemodynamic effects of combined alpha- and beta
      adrenergic blockade produced by oral labetalol were assessed in 12 normotensive
      patients with angina pectoris and an ischemic electrocardiographic response to
      exercise stress. At rest, labetalol (200 mg, orally) produced systemic
      vasodilation (systemic vascular resistance -9%, p less than .01) as aortic
      pressure fell and cardiac output was unchanged. Left ventricular (LV) end
      diastolic pressure also fell slightly (17%, p = .05). Systemic vasodilation was
      not accompanied by reflexly mediated increases in heart rate. Coronary flow and
      resistance and myocardial oxygen uptake were unchanged. Before labetalol, supine
      bicycle exercise produced angina in 10 patients. After labetalol, exercise
      duration was prolonged in 6 of these 10 (average 56%). During exercise,
      tachycardia was blunted (-7%, p less than .05) as were increases in aortic
      pressure (-12%, p less than .01) and coronary sinus flow (-25%, p = .03). Cardiac
      output and LV end-diastolic pressure were similar to control period values. These
      hemodynamic effects of oral labetalol appeared beneficial, differed from those
      expected of classic beta-adrenergic blocking agents, and were, in general,
      similar to those we have observed after intravenous labetalol. The clinical
      response was good and the drug safe. Labetalol should undergo further evaluation
      in normotensive as well as hypertensive patients with ischemic heart disease.

PMID- 3396241
TI  - Systolic time intervals in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: evaluation of left
      ventricular performance.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of latent cardiac heart
      failure in Duchenne's muscular dystrophy (DMD). Systolic time intervals (STI)
      were measured in a cross-sectional study of a group of 177 patients 6-21 years
      old. Total electromechanical systole (QS2), left ventricular ejection time
      (LVET), and pre-ejection period (PEP), were corrected for heart rate by means of
      regression equations obtained from 33 normal subjects (QA2 I, LVET I, PEP I).
      Mean STI values were significantly different from those observed in an age
      matched control group. PEP I was prolonged, LVET I was abbreviated, while QS2 I
      remained unaltered. STI varied significantly with age. Abnormal values were
      uncommon before age 10 years. The most critical period was 14-16 years, with an
      abrupt increase in prevalence from 35 to 72%. Such changes point to the practical
      use of the STI for clinical decision making especially for surgery.

PMID- 3396240
TI  - Comparison of auscultation with two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography in
      patients with suspected mitral valve prolapse.
AB  - Auscultation was compared to two-dimensional echocardiography (2D echo) and
      Doppler ultrasonography in 140 consecutive patients referred for evaluation for
      suspected mitral valve prolapse (MVP) to asses the precision of the two
      diagnostic methods. Ninety patients (64%) had midsystolic clicks, of which 42
      (47%) had MVP by echocardiography; 6 patients (4%) had MVP by 2D echo but no
      click on examination. In 15 (17%) of the 90 patients, a click was heard only in
      the standing or squatting positions and 2D echo did not detect prolapse in the
      supine position in 10 (67%) of the 15. With auscultation as the reference
      standard for MVP, 2D echo has a sensitivity of 47% and a specificity of 89%. Of
      the 140 patients, 51 (36%) had systolic murmurs; Doppler detected mitral and/or
      tricuspid regurgitation in 26 (50%). In 23 (16%) patients, there was Doppler
      evidence of mitral or tricuspid regurgitation even though systolic murmurs were
      not heard. Auscultation shows a 53% sensitivity and 73% specificity for systolic
      murmurs, using Doppler ultrasonography as the reference standard. Of 48 patients
      with MVP by 2D echo, 15 (13%) had associated mitral regurgitation by Doppler. The
      results indicate that 2D echo and Doppler ultrasonography should be interpreted
      in concert with auscultation for the diagnosis of mitral valve prolapse and for
      therapeutic decision making.

PMID- 3396242
TI  - Right bundle-branch block in coronary artery disease: a hemodynamic and
      angiographic study.
AB  - Thirty-four patients with right bundle-branch block (RBBB) and coronary artery
      disease (CAD) (RBBB was not pre-existent to clinical development of CAD) and 52
      consecutive CAD patients without conduction disturbances were studied and
      compared to verify whether the presence of RBBB implies more severe and extensive
      left ventricular myocardial damage as well as more severe CAD. The two groups did
      not differ either in age or in New York Heart Association functional class. The
      incidence or location of previous myocardial infarction (MI) was not different in
      the two groups. No significant differences were found in left ventricular volumes
      or ejection fraction. Higher end-diastolic left ventricular pressure and more
      severe and diffuse left ventricular wall asynergy were present in RBBB patients.
      At coronary arteriography, more severe involvement of the right coronary artery
      in CAD patients without conduction disturbances was the only significant finding.
      The group of patients with CAD and RBBB without MI showed significantly less
      involvement of the left anterior descending coronary artery and significantly
      more severe damage of the inferior wall of the left ventricle than the group with
      CAD without RBBB and MI. Patients with inferior wall MI and RBBB had more severe
      asynergy of the posterobasal region of the left ventricle than did patients with
      inferior wall MI without RBBB. The group of patients with anterior wall MI and
      RBBB had a higher left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, a lower left
      ventricular ejection fraction, and a greater extent of myocardial damage compared
      to similar patients of the control group. The groups with MI and RBBB had the
      same Gensini's score as similar groups without RBBB. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3396243
TI  - Acute renal failure following low osmolality radiocontrast dye.
AB  - It is hoped that recently released low osmolality radiocontrast agents (RCAs)
      will have a lower nephrotoxic potential, since dye nephropathy may be related to
      hyperosmolality. We report here 2 cases of typical oliguric dye nephropathy in
      patients without risk factors for dye nephropathy. These cases show that these
      new agents do have nephrotoxic potential.

PMID- 3396244
TI  - Cardiac dysfunction associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
      (AIDS).
AB  - Five patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) developed clinical
      evidence of mild to severe cardiac dysfunction confirmed by nuclear angiography
      and echocardiography. In 4 patients who were studied postmortem there was no
      evidence of myocarditis, valvular, or ischemic heart disease. Cardiac involvement
      in patients with AIDS may include pericardial and myocardial involvement by
      opportunistic pathogens or Kaposi's sarcoma, subclinical myocardial dysfunction,
      or an as-yet unexplained cardiomyopathy.

PMID- 3396245
TI  - Cardiac and cardiopulmonary disorders in patients with ankylosing spondylitis and
      rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - One hundred patients suffering from ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and one hundred
      patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were examined by clinical, non
      invasive cardiological, radiological and laboratory methods to determine the
      prevalence of their cardiac and cardiopulmonary disorders. Fourteen patients with
      AS and 24 patients with RA had several valvular abnormalities. Among the patients
      not having any valvular abnormality, systolic dysfunction of the myocardium was
      detectable in 15 and 11 cases respectively, and cor pulmonale was diagnosed in 16
      and 7 cases respectively. Conduction disturbances were demonstrated in 17
      patients suffering from AS and in 14 patients suffering from RA.

PMID- 3396246
TI  - Pain language in fibromyalgia, rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.
AB  - Using the Italian version of the McGill Pain Questionnaire (MGPQ), the language
      of pain was assessed in three chronic rheumatic diseases, namely Fibromyalgia
      syndrome (FS), Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) and Osteoarthritis (OA). The Pain Rating
      Index (PRI) of the MGPQ clearly allowed OA to be distinguished from RA and FS.
      Words of the affective and sensory subclasses were chosen more frequently in FS,
      RA and OA respectively. By analyzing words chosen by at least 33% of the
      patients, a thermal sensory descriptor arose in FS. Data from this study suggest
      that the MGPQ-PRI might be useful for the assessment of fibromyalgic pain in a
      clinical setting and during follow-up of the disease.

PMID- 3396247
TI  - The nature and designation of osteoarthritis determined by its histopathology.
AB  - Specimens of synovial tissue and articular cartilage removed at operations of
      patients with primary degenerative joint disease were scrutinized for defined
      histopathological parameters. The findings in the synovial membrane were
      subsequently compared as to frequency and intensity with identical parameters
      ascertained in specimens removed from patients with definite rheumatoid
      arthritis. These examinations disclosed the presence of synovial inflammatory
      features, although at lesser incidence and intensity than in rheumatoid
      arthritis; therefore the designation of arthritis is indicated. On the basis of
      the concurrently examined tissue specimens of the articular cartilage, and in
      consensus with the generally acknowledged start of the degenerative joint disease
      by disintegrating changes in the articular cartilage, the prefix of chondrosis is
      appropriate.

PMID- 3396248
TI  - Diagnostic approach to osteoporosis and spondyloarthrosis in post-menopausal
      women by total body dual-photon absorptiometry.
AB  - Dual-photon absorptiometry of total body (153 Gd with photopeaks at 44 and 100
      keV) enables bone mineral content of the entire skeleton and its major anatomical
      areas to be quantitated. Total body bone mineral (TBBM), total body density
      (TBD), bone mineral content and bone density of spine and lumbar-spine were
      measured in 97 women with post-menopausal osteoporosis, 33 females with
      spondyloarthrosis and in 19 females with spondyloarthrosis associated with
      osteoporosis. Seventy-nine females of similar age made up the normal control
      group. TBBM and TBD proved to be significantly lower in post-menopausal
      osteoporotic women compared to age-matched normal females: bone loss was
      particularly evident in spine measurements. In spondyloarthrosis patients TBBM
      and TBD fell within the normal range and both spine bone density and spine bone
      mineral did not differ from normals. TBD, TBBM, spine density and spine mineral
      in females with disuse osteoporosis associated with spondyloarthrosis were
      significantly lower in comparison with normals and higher with respect to post
      menopausal osteoporotic women. Total body absorptiometry represents a valuable
      method in the differential diagnosis of post-menopausal osteoporosis,
      spondyloarthrosis and the disuse osteoporosis associated with spondyloarthrosis.

PMID- 3396249
TI  - Nandrolone decanoate (deca-durabolin) in primary Sjogren's syndrome: a double
      blind pilot study.
AB  - The efficacy and side-effects of Deca-Durabolin (DD) were tested, in a double
      blind fashion, in twenty female primary Sjogren's syndrome (1 degree SS)
      patients. Ten randomly assigned patients received DD (100 mg IM bi-weekly) for
      six months, and ten others placebo, for the same period. Analysis of the results
      revealed that the DD-treated patients showed a moderate improvement of subjective
      xerostomia, a significant decrease of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR),
      and an overall improvement of their feeling of well-being, -judged by themselves
      and the investigator subjectively-, when compared with the placebo group. All the
      sicca objective parameters (results of Schirmer's I test, slit lamp eye
      examination after rose bengal staining, stimulated parotid flow rate measurements
      and labial minor salivary gland histopathology) were not significantly altered in
      either group. The clinical side-effects were the expected ones, i.e. hirsutism,
      hoarseness and an increase in libido, more pronounced in the DD-treated group. At
      the end of the study, one DD-treated patient, developed a diffuse well
      differentiated B-lymphocytic lymphoma, which regressed spontaneously three months
      later.

PMID- 3396250
TI  - Long-term follow-up of technetium articular index in rheumatoid arthritis
      patients during oral chrysotherapy: evidence of paradoxical behaviour.
AB  - The Technetium Articular Index (TcAI) is regarded as a parameter of local
      inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We studied TcAI behaviour during 1
      year chrysotherapy in a group of fifteen RA patients. In non-responders TcAI
      showed a gradual decrease up to the 6th month and a return to baseline values
      within the second semester of the follow-up; conversely, in response patients
      TcAI remained unchanged during the entire period of the study, thus showing a
      paradoxical behaviour probably depending on the recovery of normal physical
      ability and articular activity.

PMID- 3396251
TI  - Chylous cyst of shoulder joint in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - A case of chylous cyst of the shoulder joint containing cholesterol crystals is
      presented. The patient suffered from rheumatoid arthritis of short duration. The
      cyst completely disappeared following therapy with gold.

PMID- 3396253
TI  - A case of relapsing polychondritis: pathogenetic considerations.

PMID- 3396252
TI  - Cardiac performance in collagen diseases estimated by non-invasive methods.
AB  - The myocardial performance was studied in 3 collagen diseases, i.e. rheumatoid
      arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and progressive systemic
      sclerosis (PSS). Sixteen patients with SLE, 12 with RA and 11 with PSS were
      examined, measuring the systolic time intervals from the first derivative of the
      carotid pulse in all cases. The ejection fraction (EF), was evaluated in 33
      patients using radionuclide left ventricular angiography. The systolic time
      intervals were compared to those of 103 normal persons and the EF to that of 22
      normal controls. In the SLE group the pre-ejection period was significantly
      shorter, while the ejection period was longer than normally expected. In the same
      group, the EF was significantly higher that the EF of the control group. These
      differences could not be related to age, blood pressure, disease duration,
      coronary risk factors, heart rate or blood values. Most findings in the RA group
      tended to be opposite to those of SLE. It is concluded that in SLE before any
      direct involvement of the heart the systolic time intervals and the EF present
      features similar to those of increased cardiac performance.

PMID- 3396254
TI  - Eosinophilic fasciitis with thyroid disease.

PMID- 3396255
TI  - Digoxin-cyclosporine interaction: severe digitalis toxicity after cyclosporine
      treatment.
AB  - Digoxin toxicity developed in two patients awaiting cardiac transplantation upon
      the initiation of cyclosporine. Toxicity was associated with elevated digoxin
      concentrations (10.6 and 5.7 nmoles/L), gastrointestinal symptoms, and
      arrhythmias classic for digoxin toxicity (bidirectional ventricular tachycardia
      and AV nodal block with accelerated junctional rhythm respectively). A previously
      unreported drug interaction between cyclosporine and digoxin was suspected and
      digoxin pharmacokinetics were studied in two additional patients both before and
      after cyclosporine therapy prior to cardiac transplantation. The study confirmed
      a significant interaction between cyclosporine and digoxin; the apparent volume
      of distribution of digoxin decreased by 71% and its plasma clearance decreased by
      53%. Until further information regarding the cyclosporine-digoxin interaction is
      available, this combination should be used with great caution.

PMID- 3396256
TI  - The screening of donors enrolled in an artificial insemination program.
AB  - Artificial insemination is currently offered in Ontario to couples when
      infertility arises from a male factor. The majority of practitioners are using
      fresh sperm, but because of the threat of transmitted infection, a change to the
      use of frozen semen, which can be screened concurrently, is anticipated.
      Screening can prevent the transmission of both genetic and infectious disease and
      the principles of a possible program are outlined below. Elements of screening
      include a genetic history, blood count, selected biochemical and serological
      assays, and a semen analysis and culture. Because of the high cost and the few
      cases of genetic disease that will be prevented, routine karyotyping is not
      recommended. It remains to be seen whether changing the donor pool from an
      unscreened group of medical personnel to a screened sperm bank derived from the
      general population will provide increased protection for the mother and child.

PMID- 3396257
TI  - Methylmercury and the health of autochthons in northwest Quebec.
AB  - We conducted a cross-sectional epidemiologic and clinical study to evaluate the
      nature, magnitude, and frequency of unfavourable health states among residents of
      northwest Quebec. Of particular interest were the possible occurrence of Minamata
      disease and any other neurological abnormalities. We also sought to determine
      whether industrial or naturally-occurring mercury in the region's environment
      were causally associated with any disorders that might be detected. A total of
      321 subjects were studied in four groups with contrasting exposure to point
      source mercury from a chlor-alkali plant in the area. Methylmercury in hair
      served as the marker of subject's ingestion of any organic mercury (natural or
      industrial). Ten pre-chosen target variables, seven clinical and three
      neurophysiological, were assessed in all subjects. Relationships between mercury
      in hair and each target variable were calculated. We determined whether gradients
      in target variables corresponded to gradients in potential exposure of the
      subjects to the aquatic emissions of the chlor-alkali plant. Minamata disease was
      not found. Diabetes and alcohol-related health problems assessed as important
      clinically plausible confounders, were common. Differences in frequency or
      magnitude of clinical, toxicological, and physiological findings among the
      contrast groups were small and not of clinical or statistical significance. There
      were definite relationships between mercury in hair and four target variables
      despite the low values of mercury measured and the mild nature of the health
      problems observed. This would suggest that verifiable biological threshold levels
      for clinical effects, if such exist, may be substantially lower among Canadians
      than those currently adopted as policy for adults elsewhere. A gradient was found
      only for two of the ten target variables. Clinically meaningful alternate
      hypotheses for observed health effects emerge in the data and agree with
      observations in the field made by consulting clinical experts.

PMID- 3396258
TI  - The effect of a plasma protein fraction on lipid synthesis in cultured skin
      fibroblasts from normals and patients with hyperapobetalipoproteinemia.
AB  - Lipid synthesis was measured in cultured skin fibroblasts obtained from normals
      and patients with Hyperapobetalipoproteinemia (HyperapoB). Using lipoprotein
      deficient serum medium, triglyceride synthesis and cholesterol esterification
      were greater in normals than in HyperapoB due to differences in de novo
      synthesis, not to differences in re-esterification or to different rates of
      hydrolysis. When normal and HyperapoB cells were incubated in serum-free medium,
      however, lipid synthesis was the same. Serum was then fractionated
      chromatographically and a partially purified protein fraction shown to be
      responsible for the stimulatory effect in normals.

PMID- 3396260
TI  - Pharmacokinetics and blood pressure effects of felodipine in elderly hypertensive
      patients. A comparison with young healthy subjects.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics and antihypertensive effects of felodipine, a new
      dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker, were studied in elderly hypertensive
      patients, 67 to 79 years of age and in young healthy subjects, 20 to 34 years of
      age following oral administration of 5 mg twice daily to steady-state. A single
      intravenous dose of 3H-felodipine (0.04mg) was given together with the oral dose
      on the study day. Cmax (17 nmol/L), Cmin (5 nmol/L) and AUC (82 nmol/L.h) were 3
      times higher in the elderly than in the young subjects. Systemic availability was
      about 15% in both groups. Plasma clearance (CL) was reduced from 56.1 L/h in the
      young to 25.4 L/h in the elderly. There was no effect of age on the volume of
      distribution at steady-state (Vss). Reduced hepatic blood flow and enzyme
      activity or increased gut wall metabolism are possible reasons for the altered
      pharmacokinetics in the elderly. Blood pressure was reduced in the elderly from
      190/99 to 177/91 mm Hg 12 hours after 5mg felodipine during twice daily dosage.
      The effect on blood pressure correlated with plasma concentrations of felodipine.

PMID- 3396259
TI  - A comparison of the accuracy of a least squares regression, a Bayesian, Chiou's
      and the steady-state clearance method of individualising theophylline dosage.
AB  - We compared a least squares regression method, used prospectively to
      individualise the intravenous aminophylline and oral theophylline dosage of 48
      patients, with 3 other pharmacokinetic methods - Chiou's, the steady-state
      clearance and the Bayesian - used retrospectively to analyse the same patient
      data. Methods were compared on the basis of the similarity of their parameter
      estimates and the accuracy with which serum concentrations during subsequent
      intravenous and oral therapy could be forecast, assuming each method's parameter
      estimates. The least squares and Bayesian programs were able to fit data from all
      but 4 and 2 patients, respectively. Mean absolute prediction errors were of the
      order of 20% for serum concentrations during intravenous therapy, and of the
      order of 40% for serum concentrations during oral therapy. The accuracy of the
      least squares, Bayesian and steady-state clearance methods were similar, but the
      accuracy of Chiou's method was comparable only when the 2 serum concentrations
      needed for the method were measured between 11 and 17 hours apart; an interval
      which corresponds to the 1.0 to 1.5 half-lives previously suggested as desirable
      for implementation of the Chiou method.

PMID- 3396261
TI  - Maturation of caffeine metabolic pathways in infancy.
AB  - The maturation of the different pathways of caffeine metabolism was studied
      during infancy. The group of children (n = 14) consisted of four premature
      newborn infants and 10 older infants who received caffeine citrate solution.
      Caffeine and 11 of its metabolites were measured by HPLC. Total demethylation and
      N3- and N7-demethylation increase exponentially with postnatal age; the plateau
      is reached by 120 days and accounts for 58.6%, 90.5%, and 79.3%, respectively. N1
      demethylation shows no variation with postnatal age. It is suggested that N3
      demethylation is more important in young infants than in adults and that
      maturation of N1-demethylation occurs later than 19 months of age. 8
      Hydroxylation is mature as early as 1 month of age and may be higher in infants
      than in adults. Acetylation is not mature before at least 1 year of age.
      Differences in maturation rate of acetylation may be related in part to genetic
      acetylator status.

PMID- 3396262
TI  - Interindividual and intraindividual variability in acetylation: characterization
      with caffeine.
AB  - The degree of interindividual and intraindividual variability in acetylator
      activity was investigated with caffeine used as a probe of enzyme activity.
      Acetylator phenotype and relative N-acetyltransferase activity were estimated in
      46 subjects by measuring the urinary ratio of two metabolites, AFMU/1-MX, after a
      single 300 mg oral dose of caffeine on five separate occasions. Thirty homozygous
      slow (rr) and 15 heterozygous rapid (Rr) acetylators were identified. The degree
      of interindividual variability in acetylator activity was observed to be a mean
      of 32% (range 27% to 36%) and 20% (range 11% to 29%) in the rr and Rr groups,
      respectively. The mean intraindividual variation on repetitive measurement was
      19% (range 6% to 49%) in the rr and 14% (range 7% to 24%) in the Rr acetylator
      group. Four subjects had apparent changes in acetylator activity with time such
      that they were unable to be assigned to any one acetylator group. Two of these
      four subjects exhibited apparent homozygous rapid acetylator activity
      intermittently during the 5-week trial. This variability may explain, in part,
      some of the high degree of patient variability observed in the toxicity,
      efficacy, and drug-related disease associated with acetylated drugs and
      environmental toxins.

PMID- 3396263
TI  - Impaired vasodilation during long-term beta 1-selective beta-blockade in
      hypertensive patients.
AB  - In eight patients with essential hypertension the effect of 50 mg atenolol, once
      daily for 6 months, on vasodilation during epinephrine infusion and submaximal
      dynamic exercise was studied. The normal decrease of diastolic blood pressure
      during bicycle exercise, reflecting a decrease in total peripheral resistance not
      mediated by circulating epinephrine, disappeared during atenolol treatment. Low
      dose infusion of epinephrine had no influence on systolic blood pressure both
      before and after atenolol. However, the decrease of diastolic blood pressure
      occurring before atenolol was abolished and the increase in heart rate was
      attenuated during atenolol treatment. Forearm vascular resistance decreased
      before and during atenolol to the same extent. So the normal physiologic
      vasodilation during submaximal dynamic exercise seems impaired during long-term
      treatment with atenolol. In addition the normal vasodilating response to an
      increase of circulating epinephrine to levels occurring during daily life stress
      seems impaired even with the low dose of this beta 1-selective beta-blocker.

PMID- 3396265
TI  - Re: Certifying physicians in clinical pharmacology.

PMID- 3396266
TI  - The glycaemic index: effect of age in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.
AB  - It has been suggested that age effects the glycaemic index value of foods,
      although there is no data to support this. We therefore studied the blood glucose
      responses of bread and lentils in seven children (aged 7-17 years) and 10 adults
      (aged 27-74 years) with insulin dependent diabetes (IDDM). Although there were
      small differences in the shape of the blood glucose response curves in adults and
      children, the mean glycaemic index value for lentils was virtually identical in
      the two groups being 43 +/- 7 in the children and 44 +/- 10 in the adults. We
      conclude that, in IDDM, the glycaemic index is not affected by age.

PMID- 3396264
TI  - Hepatic clearances of antipyrine, indocyanine green, and galactose in normal
      subjects and in patients with chronic liver diseases.
AB  - Blood clearance of antipyrine, indocyanine green, and galactose were measured to
      evaluate the alterations of effective hepatic blood flow and hepatic intrinsic
      clearances in chronic liver diseases. Galactose blood clearance, which may be
      taken as effective hepatic blood flow, decreased by approximately 30% in patients
      with cirrhosis (12.49 +/- 0.76 ml/min/kg; mean +/- SE; n = 17) compared with
      normal subjects (18.17 +/- 1.03 ml/min/kg; n = 5). In patients with cirrhosis,
      intrinsic clearances of antipyrine (0.178 +/- 0.014 ml/min/kg; n = 17) and
      indocyanine green (6.19 +/- 1.38 ml/min/kg; n = 7) showed 61% and 85% reduction,
      respectively, compared with those of normal subjects (0.462 +/- 0.048 ml/min/kg;
      n = 5; 41.72 +/- 7.75 ml/min/kg; n = 5). Considering that indocyanine green and
      antipyrine are eliminated by different hepatic mechanism, these mechanisms may
      not be equally sensitive to decrements in hepatic function. In addition,
      fractional reductions of intrinsic clearances for these compounds are thus much
      greater than that of effective hepatic blood flow.

PMID- 3396267
TI  - Effects of long-term physical exercise on serum lipids, lipoproteins and lipid
      metabolizing enzymes in type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients.
AB  - The effects of four months' physical exercise on serum lipids, lipoproteins and
      lipid metabolizing enzymes were studied in 25 non-insulin-dependent diabetic
      patients divided randomly into exercise (n = 13) and control (n = 12) groups.
      Exercise induced a significant decrease in serum LDL-cholesterol and an increase
      in serum HDL-cholesterol and HDL2-cholesterol. Triglycerides showed a temporary
      decrease. Apoproteins A1 and B were virtually unchanged. Postheparin plasma
      lipoprotein lipase increased markedly during the exercise period while no change
      occurred in adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase, hepatic lipase or
      lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase. In the control group no significant changes
      occurred in any of the lipid variables. In the light of the knowledge of LDL
      cholesterol as a causative and HDL-cholesterol as a protective factor in
      atherogenesis in non-diabetics the changes caused by exercise in non-insulin
      dependent diabetics can be considered favourable.

PMID- 3396268
TI  - Serum antioxidant activity in diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Free radical medicated oxidative damage has previously been implicated in the
      pathogenesis of diabetic microangiopathy. Caeruloplasmin and transferrin act as
      antioxidants in serum by oxidizing and chelating ferrous iron which could
      otherwise act as a catalyst in free radical reactions. We have measured the serum
      anti-oxidant activity in 67 diabetics, 25 of whom had retinopathy and in 37
      controls. Serum iron concentrations were normal in diabetics in comparison with
      controls (21.5 +/- 10 v 19.5 +/- 6.7 mumol/L) although transferrin and iron
      binding capacity were increased in the diabetics (3.7 +/- 0.8 v 2.9 +/- 0.9 g/L,
      p less than 0.001 and 69.9 +/- 10.8 v 59.0 +/- 14 mumol/L, p less than 0.002
      respectively). Caeruloplasmin, measured by its ferroxidase activity, was
      increased in both male (46 +/- 11 v 36 +/- 9 mu/mL, p less than 0.002) and female
      diabetics (57 +/- 13 v 47 +/- 11 mu/mL, p less than 0.002). Ferritin was also
      increased in both male (124 +/- 113 v 44 +/- 38 ng/mL, p less than 0.001) and
      female diabetics (132 +/- 118 v 25 +/- 12 ng/mL, p less than 0.001). The presence
      of retinopathy, the degree of glycaemic control and duration of diabetes had no
      effect on these findings. We conclude that increased concentrations of iron
      oxidizing and iron-binding proteins occur in diabetic serum, and that the
      increased serum antioxidant activity may be a response to oxidative stress.

PMID- 3396269
TI  - A study of HLA class II antigens in an Italian paediatric population with coeliac
      disease.
AB  - One hundred and twenty-one Italian children with coeliac disease (CD) have been
      compared with a control population from the same geographical area for the
      distribution of HLA-DR and DQ antigens. The pattern of an increase in DR3, DR7,
      and of heterozygotes DR5/7 was associated with an excess of heterozygotes
      DQw2/DQw3 in the CD population. These findings suggest that epitopes determined
      by specific combinations of DQ alpha and beta chains (combinatorial determinants)
      predispose to the disease.

PMID- 3396270
TI  - Frequency of red cell adenosine deaminase phenotypes in a unique Breton
      community, the Bigoudens.
AB  - The adenosine deaminase gene frequencies were calculated in 405 subjects randomly
      chosen from the Bigouden district. A rather high frequency (0.0765 +/- 0.0093)
      was found for the ADA2 gene. The possible effect of Celtic influences is
      considered.

PMID- 3396271
TI  - Generalists and specialists in radiology.

PMID- 3396272
TI  - Balloon dilatation of upper gastrointestinal tract strictures.
AB  - Balloon dilatation has been performed in a series of 30 patients with strictures
      of the upper gastrointestinal tract over a period of 28 months. The technique of
      balloon dilatation is described and the results of follow-up are presented. Sixty
      per cent of patients have remained symptom-free following balloon dilatation.
      Twenty-seven per cent of patients have undergone regular repeated dilatations
      when symptoms have recurred. There were no complications from the technique.
      Balloon dilatation is a safe and acceptable alternative to conventional methods
      of bougienage in the management of upper gastrointestinal tract strictures.

PMID- 3396273
TI  - Childhood diaphragmatic hernias presenting after the neonatal period.
AB  - Twenty-six patients with Bochdalek hernias and 15 with Morgagni hernias were
      evaluated in a survey of children presenting over the age of 8 weeks during a 20
      year period. Ten of the children had previously normal chest radiographs.
      Radiological assessment at presentation was incorrect with 15 Bochdalek and two
      Morgagni hernias. These errors were more common in interpretations by general
      radiologists. Inappropriate thoracocentesis had been performed in four cases
      misdiagnosed as pneumothoraces. Barium studies, fluoroscopy, erect views and
      plain radiographs after nasogastric intubation were helpful investigations. Post
      operative evidence of lobar collapse and pulmonary hypoplasia was frequently not
      appreciated at the time of clinical and radiological follow-up. Other congenital
      anomalies were commonly seen, particularly with Morgagni hernias. Bowel
      malfixation and malrotation, an important association, was frequently present but
      was occasionally overlooked at operation, necessitating further surgery for bowel
      obstruction.

PMID- 3396274
TI  - Factors associated with mammographic parenchymal patterns.
AB  - The relationship between mammographic parenchymal patterns and known risk factors
      for breast cancer was studied in 5319 consecutive women presenting for breast
      screening. Using a multivariate analysis, correlations were found in pre
      menopausal women between breast size, weight, age at first pregnancy, history of
      biopsy and history of cyclical breast pain and parenchymal pattern. In post
      menopausal women the parenchymal pattern correlates with breast size, weight,
      weight change, age at first pregnancy, a history of biopsy and a history of
      breast feeding. The DY pattern correlated with age, breast size, weight, history
      of biopsy and menopausal status. When pre-menopausal women were considered
      separately the DY pattern correlated only with weight and breast size.

PMID- 3396275
TI  - The spontaneous disappearance of breast calcification.
AB  - The spontaneous disappearance of both coarse and fine calcification in the breast
      was noted in 11 cases who presented either with breast symptoms or to a screening
      unit. While fine and coarse calcification occur in benign disease, the
      spontaneous regression of this finding appears not to have been reported
      previously.

PMID- 3396276
TI  - Bone scintigraphy in the assessment of spondylolysis in patients attending a
      sports injury clinic.
AB  - Thirty-three patients attending the Nottingham Sports Injury Clinic in whom a
      clinical diagnosis of a stress fracture of the pars interarticularis was made
      were evaluated with both radiography and bone scintigraphy. This was done in an
      effort to distinguish a recent stress fracture which would produce a positive
      scintigram from an established 'incidental' spondylolysis giving a normal
      scintigram. Nine patients demonstrated abnormal radiography with a normal
      scintigram. A further nine patients had a positive scintigram. Six were
      associated with a spondylolysis indicating a recent stress fracture but two had
      normal radiography suggesting a stress fracture in the 'sub-radiological' phase.
      One patient had increased uptake in relation to degenerative changes of the lower
      lumbar facet joints. Oblique views of the scintigram helped in localisation of
      the abnormal uptake to the pars interarticularis.

PMID- 3396277
TI  - The role of abdominal computed tomography in the assessment of patients with
      malignant tumours of the cervix and body of the uterus.
AB  - The value of abdominal computed tomography (CT) in patients with malignant
      tumours of the body of the uterus and of the cervix is discussed and its efficacy
      compared with lymphography combined with intravenous urography. There was good
      correlation between CT and lymphography in the diagnosis of the para-aortic
      lymphadenopathy and hydronephrosis. Hydronephrosis was the commonest abnormality
      and tended to be over-diagnosed on CT. Computed tomography conferred no advantage
      over lymphography in the diagnosis of paraaortic lymphadenopathy or
      hydronephrosis. Since there were more positive findings in patients undergoing CT
      at the time of relapse than at the time of initial diagnosis, if indicated at
      all, abdominal CT should be restricted to patients who have relapsed.

PMID- 3396278
TI  - A protocol for the investigation of infants and children with urinary tract
      infection.
AB  - An investigation protocol, designed to reduce invasive procedures to a minimum,
      is described for the detection of reflux nephropathy in infants and children.
      Intravenous urography and voiding cysto-urethrography is necessary in patients up
      to the age of 2 years presenting with urinary tract infection, but in children
      over 2 years of age the protocol limits the investigation to an intravenous
      urogram unless this is abnormal. A review of this policy after 5 years has
      indicated that it is appropriate provided that children who continue to have
      infections have further evaluation including a voiding cysto-urethrogram.

PMID- 3396280
TI  - Low grade stage I and II non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: results of treatment and relapse
      pattern following therapy.
AB  - Sixty-four patients (37 stage I and 27 stage II) with low grade non-Hodgkin's
      lymphoma were treated by surgical excision alone (two patients) or with
      radiotherapy (53 patients), chemotherapy (five patients) or both (four patients).
      Actuarial survival was 80.7% at 5 years and 77.9% at 10 years. Actuarial
      recurrence-free survival at 10 years was 49.4% for stage I and 38.0% for stage II
      patients. Local control was achieved in 52 out of 56 (93%) patients treated with
      a radiation dose of 30 Gy or greater. There was no advantage for extended
      compared with involved, field irradiation. A multivariate analysis identified
      age, sex, stage and disease site as independent prognostic variables for
      survival.

PMID- 3396279
TI  - Uro-radiological manifestations of pancreatic carcinoma.
AB  - Two patients are described who suffered from pancreatic adenocarcinoma. These had
      extended to involve the urinary tract. One patient presented with haematuria from
      renal metastases. The other was diagnosed following the incidental discovery of a
      hydronephrosis by radionuclide bone scintigraphy. The radiological changes in
      these patients are described.

PMID- 3396281
TI  - Vocal quality 10 years after radiotherapy for early glottic cancer.
AB  - The voices of 12 patients who had been treated by radiotherapy for Stage I
      squamous carcinoma of the glottis at least 10 years previously, and who had shown
      no signs of recurrent disease, were assessed. A speech therapist detected
      significant abnormalities in all patients, but these did not detract from the
      overall high satisfaction of the patients with their voice quality.

PMID- 3396282
TI  - Direct measurement of dose at depth in breast cancer using lithium fluoride.
AB  - In 23 cases of breast cancer treated conservatively using external beam and
      interstitial radiotherapy, lithium fluoride thermoluminescent dosimetry has been
      used to measure the radiation dose received by the breast tissue at depth. Thirty
      six investigations were made using a number of lithium fluoride micro-rods for
      each investigation. Three results could not be analysed because of measurement
      problems in two and insufficient information in one. Twenty-eight results were
      obtained at a depth in tissue greater than the build-up zone, 23 of the 28
      falling within +/- 5% and 27 of the 28 falling within +/- 10% of the computer
      calculated prescribed dose. Of five results obtained within the build-up zone,
      two fell within +/- 5% and four within +/- 10% of the prescribed dose.

PMID- 3396283
TI  - Massive pneumoperitoneum following laser therapy of inoperable oesophageal
      carcinoma.
AB  - Two cases of large pneumoperitoneum are described following palliative laser
      therapy for inoperable oesophageal carcinoma. In both cases there was no
      constitutional upset and no perforation demonstrated on contrast examination of
      the oesophagus. The pneumoperitoneum is considered to be due to high pressure
      CO2, used to keep the tip of the laser clean, passing through the tumour and
      tracking into the peritoneum. The condition requires only conservative treatment.

PMID- 3396284
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging of a colloid cyst of the third ventricle.
AB  - A case of an isodense non-enhancing colloid cyst of the third ventricle which was
      not easily diagnosed by computed tomography is described. The patient underwent
      magnetic resonance imaging which clearly showed a colloid cyst of the third
      ventricle with accompanying obstructive hydrocephalus. Such lesions are
      potentially life-threatening if undiagnosed. It is suggested that magnetic
      resonance imaging has an important role to play in rapidly and clearly
      demonstrating the location, size and complications of such lesions when there is
      doubt about the aetiology of obstructive hydrocephalus of the lateral ventricles
      on computed tomography.

PMID- 3396285
TI  - Plexiform trigeminal neurofibroma.
AB  - Neurofibromas of the trigeminal nerve are uncommon tumours which usually present
      in patients in the third or fourth decade of life as a localised mass in the
      posterior or middle cranial fossa. A case is described of a plexiform
      neurofibroma of this nerve with unusual clinical and radiological features.

PMID- 3396286
TI  - Metastatic adenocarcinoma masquerading as a psoas abscess.
AB  - A 71-year-old man presented with signs of a left psoas lesion 4 years after a
      sigmoid colectomy for adenocarcinoma. Radiological appearances were thought to be
      typical of an abscess, but an attempted aspiration was unsuccessful. A biopsy was
      taken and histology showed metastatic adenocarcinoma.

PMID- 3396287
TI  - Metastatic teratoma associated with an intra-abdominal abscess.
AB  - A case of metastatic testicular teratoma is reported where histological evidence
      of metastatic disease was obtained 12 years after orchidectomy. The patient had
      presented again 2 years earlier but the presence of a large intra-abdominal
      abscess delayed the diagnosis of recurrence. At no time were the serum levels of
      alpha-fetoprotein or beta human chorionic gonadotrophin elevated.

PMID- 3396288
TI  - Hypothenar hammer syndrome with embolic occlusion of digital arteries.
AB  - Although the hand is highly vascular and subjected to frequent and often repeated
      trauma, only 52 cases of true aneurysms have been described up to 1982 (Martin
      and Manktelow, 1982). Of these cases, 60% involved the ulnar artery. These
      injuries have a distinct tendency to occur in workers who routinely use hammers
      and screwdrivers, thus it can be considered an occupational disease (Middleton,
      1933). A single violent traumatic event is rarely the cause, but rather repeated
      minor trauma over several months or years appears to be the more common history.
      A case with arteriographic demonstration of occlusion of the common and proper
      digital arteries secondary to emboli originating from a traumatic true aneurysm
      of the ulnar artery is presented.

PMID- 3396289
TI  - Nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's disease in association with Gaucher's disease.
AB  - Gaucher's disease has been described in association with a number of disorders of
      the lymphoreticular system. The patient described in this report developed
      Hodgkin's disease after treatment in childhood for Gaucher's disease. A possible
      pathogenetic link between the two disorders is discussed, together with the role
      of ferritinaemia.

PMID- 3396290
TI  - Benign chondrolipomatous tumour of the breast.
AB  - Two patients with benign chondrolipomatous tumours of the breast were subjected
      to mammography. In one case this was as part of the investigation of a breast
      lump detected clinically, while in the other the lesion was detected during
      routine follow-up of a woman with long-standing cystic hyperplasia. The
      mammographic appearances were similar in the two cases and were unusual, each
      lesion showing as a circumscribed lobulate area of radiolucency containing tiny
      dense flecks of opacification. Mammographic and pathological findings are
      presented and the significance of the diagnosis discussed. Benign
      chondrolipomatous tumours of the breast are rare but with increase in mammography
      it is possible that they will present more frequently than hitherto.

PMID- 3396291
TI  - Bilateral ureteric carcinoma.
AB  - We report two rare cases of bilateral simultaneous ureteric carcinoma. The
      radiological features and problems of management are discussed.

PMID- 3396292
TI  - A large soft-tissue chondroma arising from the posterior mediastinum.
AB  - A case of a large intrathoracic soft-tissue chondroma arising from the posterior
      mediastinum is described. The plain radiographic and computed tomography (CT)
      findings are correlated with the histopathology.

PMID- 3396293
TI  - Primary malignant melanoma of the uterine cervix.
AB  - A case of primary malignant melanoma of the uterine cervix is presented. It
      demonstrates the histological findings at both light and electron microscopy, the
      unusual flow cytofluorometric analysis, the clinical response to irradiation and
      the rapid dissemination of the tumour.

PMID- 3396294
TI  - Abstracts of papers presented at the Royal College of Radiologist's annual
      scientific meeting-joint provincial meeting. 24-26 September 1987, Oxford.

PMID- 3396295
TI  - Barium enemas are a headache.

PMID- 3396296
TI  - MRI of parenchymal liver disease.

PMID- 3396297
TI  - Osmoregulation of thirst and vasopressin secretion in insulin-dependent diabetes
      mellitus.
AB  - 1. Osmotically stimulated thirst and vasopressin release were studied during
      infusions of hypertonic sodium chloride and hypertonic D-glucose in euglycaemic
      clamped diabetic patients and healthy controls. 2. Infusion of hypertonic sodium
      chloride caused similar elevations of plasma osmolality in diabetic patients
      (288.0 +/- 1.0 to 304.1 +/- 1.6 mosmol/kg, mean +/- SEM, P less than 0.001) and
      controls (288.6 +/- 0.9 to 305.7 +/- 0.6 mosmol/kg, P less than 0.001),
      accompanied by progressive increases in plasma vasopressin (diabetic patients,
      0.9 +/- 0.3 to 7.7 +/- 1.5 pmol/l, P less than 0.001; controls 0.5 +/- 0.1 to 6.5
      +/- 1.0 pmol/l, P less than 0.001) and thirst ratings (diabetic patients 1.0 +/-
      0.2 to 7.1 +/- 0.5 cm, P less than 0.001; controls 1.8 +/- 0.4 to 8.0 +/- 0.5 cm,
      P less than 0.001) in both groups. 3. Drinking rapidly abolished thirst and
      vasopressin secretion before major changes in plasma osmolality occurred in both
      diabetic patients and healthy controls. 4. There were close and significant
      correlations between plasma vasopressin and plasma osmolality (diabetic patients,
      r = +0.89, controls r = +0.93) and between thirst and plasma osmolality (diabetic
      patients r = +0.95, controls r = +0.97) in both diabetic patients and healthy
      controls during hypertonic saline infusion. 5. Hypertonic D-glucose infusion
      caused similar elevations in blood glucose in diabetic patients (4.0 +/- 0.2 to
      20.1 +/- 1.2 mmol/l, P less than 0.001) and healthy controls (4.3 +/- 0.1 to 19.3
      +/- 1.2 mmol/l, P less than 0.001) but did not change plasma vasopressin or
      thirst ratings.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3396299
TI  - Reciprocal change, exercise-induced ST segment depression and coronary anatomy:
      are they related in the post-infarct patient?
AB  - 1. The relationship of reciprocal change on the electrocardiogram, at the time of
      acute myocardial infarction, to exercise-induced ST segment depression and
      coronary anatomy was studied in 125 post-infarct patients. 2. Eighty-three
      patients had reciprocal changes, 90 had exercise-induced ST depression and 72 had
      both of these findings. 3. Patients with reciprocal changes had larger myocardial
      infarctions, as assessed by peak enzyme release and ejection fraction, than
      patients without this finding. 4. Multi-vessel disease was significantly more
      common among patients with reciprocal changes and those with exercise-induced ST
      depression compared with patients without these findings. 5. The exercise test
      was more sensitive and had a higher predictive accuracy than reciprocal change
      when electrocardiographic changes were compared with findings at coronary
      angiography. 6. With both tests the antero-lateral leads were significantly more
      sensitive, but less specific, than the inferior leads in classifying patients. 7.
      Thus while both tests yielded information with regard to coronary anatomy in post
      infarct patients, the exercise test was a better predictor of coronary anatomy
      than reciprocal change. 8. Therefore, reliance should not be placed on the
      presence or absence of reciprocal change alone when assessing patients for
      further investigation after myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3396298
TI  - Diphosphonates and phosphate homoeostasis in man.
AB  - 1. The effects of three intravenous diphosphonates (etidronate, clodronate and
      aminohexane diphosphonate) on phosphate homoeostasis were studied in 30 patients
      with Paget's disease of bone and in three patients with hypoparathyroidism. 2. In
      Paget's disease, all three diphosphonates induced significant increases in serum
      phosphate and renal tubular reabsorption of phosphate. This effect was most
      marked and persistent after etidronate, whereas in the clodronate- and
      aminohexane diphosphonate-treated patients the increases were less, of shorter
      duration and followed thereafter by significant decreases in serum phosphate and
      renal tubular reabsorption of phosphate. Unlike etidronate, both clodronate and
      aminohexane diphosphonate caused a significant reduction in serum and urinary
      calcium, with appropriate homoeostatic increases in immunoassayable parathyroid
      hormone. 3. Phosphaturic responses to infused parathyroid hormone were observed
      in two patients with etidronate-induced hyperphosphataemia. 4. In three
      hypoparathyroid patients, clodronate induced a more marked increase in serum
      phosphate and renal tubular reabsorption of phosphate than in Paget's disease,
      which was of comparable degree but of shorter duration than that after etidronate
      in Paget's disease. 5. These findings suggest that all three diphosphonates
      increase renal tubular reabsorption of phosphate, but that this effect is
      attenuated with those diphosphonates which induce secondary hyperparathyroidism.

PMID- 3396300
TI  - Transport and metabolism of 6-thioguanine and 6-mercaptopurine in mouse small
      intestine.
AB  - 1. The transport of 6-thioguanine and 6-mercaptopurine has been studied with
      isolated jejunal loops of mouse small intestine. H.p.l.c. was used to identify
      and quantify the thiopurines and their metabolites in the serosal secretions. 2.
      When the lumen of the intestinal loops contained either 6-thioguanine or 6
      mercaptopurine at a concentration of 1 mmol/l, the concentration of unmetabolized
      drug in the serosal secretions reached a maximum of 0.13 +/- 0.02 mmol/l (mean +/
      SEM). 3. Analysis of the serosal secretions from the perfusions with either of
      the drugs revealed the appearance of an unknown compound which had the
      characteristics of a thiopurine and the same time course of appearance as the
      unmetabolized drug. Thus 6-thioguanine and 6-mercaptopurine are significantly
      metabolized during absorption in mouse intestine. 4. The unknown compound was
      identified as 6-thiouric acid, and with 1 mmol/l 6-thioguanine or 6
      mercaptopurine in the lumen the concentration of this metabolite in the serosal
      secretions rose to a maximum of 0.13 +/- 0.01 and 0.18 +/- 0.03 mmol/l,
      respectively. At luminal drug concentrations of 0.1 mmol/l, the metabolite
      accounted for approximately 90% of the serosal thiopurine. 5. After an initial
      lag period of 20 min, linear rates of appearance in the serosal secretions were
      obtained for both the unmetabolized drugs and 6-thiouric acid. 6. Addition of the
      xanthine oxidase inhibitor oxypurinol at a luminal concentration of 0.3 mmol/l
      prevented the formation of 6-thiouric acid from 6-thioguanine. However, the
      inhibitor reduced the rate of 6-thioguanine appearance in the serosal secretions
      by 50%. 7. The conversion of 6-mercaptopurine to 6-thiouric acid was prevented
      when allopurinol or oxypurinol were added to the lumen. At a luminal drug
      concentration of 1 mmol/l, allopurinol increased the rate at which 6
      mercaptopurine appeared in the serosal secretions by 90% compared with an
      increase of only 50% with oxypurinol. 8. The transport of water and glucose by
      the mouse intestinal loops was unaffected by 6-thioguanine or the xanthine
      oxidase inhibitors. However, 6-mercaptopurine caused significant reductions in
      the rate of water transport (30%) and glucose transport (39%). These effects were
      observed at a luminal drug concentration of 0.1 mmol/l and there was no further
      increase at a drug concentration of 1 mmol/l.

PMID- 3396301
TI  - Antimicrobial susceptibility testing role of the clinical laboratory.

PMID- 3396302
TI  - Methods for determining susceptibility of fastidious and unusual pathogens to
      selected antimicrobial agents.

PMID- 3396303
TI  - Serratia bacteremia.

PMID- 3396304
TI  - Identification of small collagenous proteins with properties of procollagen alpha
      1 (I) pN-propeptide in fetal porcine calvarial bone.
AB  - Several small collagenous apatite binding (SCAB) proteins have been extracted
      from the mineralized matrix of fetal porcine calvarial bone. One protein (SCAB
      3), released on demineralization of bone with 0.5 M EDTA, appears to represent
      the alpha 1 pN-propeptide that is normally released during proteolytic processing
      of type I procollagen. The 28 Kd protein, which stains blue with "Stains-all", is
      reduced to a 19 Kd fragment by bacterial collagenase digestion, but is not
      susceptible to cyanogen bromide. The amino acid composition, blocked amino
      terminus and immunological properties are all consistent with properties of alpha
      1 (I) pN-propeptide. Fractionation on hydroxylapatite in the presence of urea has
      revealed a nonbinding (SCAB 3a) and a binding (SCAB 3b) form. Extraction of the
      demineralized matrix of bone with 4 M GuHCl revealed a third form (G2-28) which
      was similar to SCAB 3a on hydroxylapatite chromatography but showed differences
      on FPLC "Mono Q" resin. The occurrence of these different forms of pN-propeptide
      in bone may be of significance in collagen fibril-associated hydroxylapatite
      formation and in the regulation of osteoblastic function during bone resorption.

PMID- 3396306
TI  - Streptozotocin-induced diabetes and the rat periodontium: decreased relative
      collagen production.
AB  - This is the first study concerning the extent to which relative collagen
      production (RCP) in rat periodontal tissues is affected by diabetes.
      Determination of RCP, rather than individual production rates for collagen or for
      non-collagen protein, was deemed necessary because saturation of all proline
      pools in tissues of diabetics (and non-diabetic controls) was not achieved. Such
      non-saturation occurred despite the injection of a pool-expanding dose of proline
      (400-1150 mg/rat), non-saturation indicated by the lesser specific radioactivity
      (S.R.) of free-[3H]proline in tissues than that of the injected solution. RCP was
      decreased in five periodontal tissues (incisor and molar gingiva, incisor and
      molar periodontal ligament, antemolar palatal mucosa) and in skin. Diabetes
      decreased RCP seems to result from decreased collagen synthesis and increased
      intracellular degradation, although some evidence is presented for increased
      extracellular degradation of recently secreted collagen.

PMID- 3396305
TI  - Differential regulation by glucocorticoids of mouse pro alpha 2(I) and pro alpha
      1(III) DNA-binding proteins.
AB  - Multiple procollagen-specific DNA-binding proteins were identified for the alpha
      2(I) and the alpha 1(III) procollagen promotor containing gene fragments. The
      proteins are gene-specific, differing in their relative molecular weights and
      relative binding specificities. A major finding was the increased DNA-binding
      with specificity for the procollagen promoter containing DNAs by several
      nonhistone nuclear proteins in mouse embryo fibroblasts treated with
      dexamethasone. The previously reported coordinate decrease of type I and type III
      procollagens by glucocorticoids may involve differential regulation by
      glucocorticoids of procollagen gene specific DNA-binding proteins.

PMID- 3396307
TI  - Human arthritic synovial fluid influences proteoglycan biosynthesis and
      degradation in organ culture of bovine nasal cartilage.
AB  - The influence of synovial fluid and serum from patients with inflammatory joint
      disease on proteoglycan metabolism was studied in organ culture of bovine nasal
      cartilage. Proteoglycan biosynthesis, i.e. incorporation of [35S]-sulphate, was
      reduced after addition of synovial fluid from rheumatoid arthritis and reactive
      arthritis patients. Also some rheumatoid arthritis sera but no reactive arthritis
      serum reduced the biosynthesis compared to control sera. Proteoglycan
      degradation, i.e. release of proteoglycans prelabelled with [35S]-sulphate, as
      well as release of proteoglycans determined by chemical methods, was highest
      under the influence of rheumatoid arthritis synovial fluid. This effect appears
      to represent an activity truly stimulating degradation, since added control serum
      did not prevent the effect. The lowest proteoglycan degradation was observed in
      culture medium only. Addition of synovial fluid compared to addition of control
      serum did not increase proteoglycan degradation in freeze-killed cartilage
      indicating that the effect requires living cells. The findings are consistent
      with the presence in synovial fluid of mediators stimulating the chondrocytes
      both to activate proteoglycan degradation and to reduce proteoglycan
      biosynthesis.

PMID- 3396308
TI  - Immunohistochemical micromethods for the measurement of specific collagen types
      in human liver biopsies.
AB  - Micromethods are needed for measuring the amount of collagen and other matricial
      proteins in human liver biopsies. Recently, a colorimetric method for the
      quantitative estimation of total collagen and protein has been developed. This
      method is sensitive, can be applied to fresh and fixed tissues and provides the
      absolute value of total collagen per section. Results are expressed as microgram
      of collagen per mg of proteins or per section. We now report two micromethods for
      the determination of specific collagen types in fresh frozen liver sections. The
      first method is a direct method utilizing the tissue section as an ELISA plate.
      Results are expressed as the amount of color reaction read at 450 nm per slide.
      After cleaving the antigen antibody complex with dilute acetic acid, the amount
      of total collagen can be measured by the colorimetric microchemical method and
      the amount of specific collagen type is expressed as the amount of color reaction
      per microgram of total collagen. The second method is an indirect method: the
      floating tissue section is incubated with an optimal amount of specific anti
      collagen antibody and the residual amount of antibody present in the supernatant
      is measured in an ELISA plate coated with the specific collagen type. The amount
      of specific collagen type present in the tissue section is determined by
      comparing the optical deviation obtained with a standard curve prepared with
      known amounts of specific collagen, and values are expressed as microgram of
      collagen per tissue sections. As with the direct method, the amount of total
      collagen per section can be measured by the colorimetric method and then, the
      amount of specific collagen type can be expressed as microgram of specific
      collagen type per microgram of total collagen.

PMID- 3396309
TI  - Quantitative evaluation of the factors affecting the process of fibroblast
      mediated collagen gel contraction by separating the process into three phases.
AB  - Kinetics of collagen gel contraction by fibroblasts cultured in vitro was
      examined in detail for quantitative analysis. The process of collagen gel
      contraction was not expressed by a simple function of time. It appeared to
      consist of three distinct phases; a lag phase before the initiation of
      contraction, a rapid contraction phase and a slow contraction phase. Factors
      affecting the gel contraction can be classified into four groups. The first group
      includes increase in cell number, in culture temperature or in serum
      concentration, which strengthened the contraction in all the three phases,
      suggesting that they affected cellular activity particularly in interacting with
      collagen. The second group repressed the later two phases of contraction but not
      the first lag phase, typically increase in collagen concentration and a low dose
      of nocodazole or colcemid. Increasing population doubling levels of fibroblasts
      belongs to the third group which caused a reduced lag time but no change in the
      later two phases. Cytochalasin D at a low dose (0.03-0.1 microgram/ml) is another
      example of the third group which shortened the lag time. The last group did not
      change the contraction curves. Donor age of fibroblasts isolated from the skin is
      an example of this group. The rate of rapid contraction in the second phase was
      always found to be closely correlated with the degree of contraction at the end
      of the third phase, in a whole set of the factors above mentioned. The results
      suggest that the extent of the later two phases might be a reflection of the same
      cellular activity, particularly cytokinetical one. The lag time is directly
      related to the time for cells to become elongate in shape as observed by using
      the video-microscopy, suggesting that the lag phase is also governed by
      cytokinetical activity. The two cytokinetical activities are closely related, but
      may be distinct, since the factors affecting the collagen gel contraction can be
      differentiated into four groups.

PMID- 3396310
TI  - Unmasking affiliative behavior among juvenile Midas cichlids (Cichlasoma
      citrinellum).
AB  - Adults of the Midas cichlid (Cichlasoma citrinellum) are predominantly normal
      colored (N) morphs, although 8% in nature are gold (G) morphs. They tend to mate
      assortatively by color; that behavior may be influenced by prior experience with
      parents or siblings or by their own color. A previous experiment indicated that
      juveniles respond according to a rule that they avoid and behave defensively
      toward G juveniles and that they consort with and behave aggressively toward N
      juveniles (Barlow & Siri, 1987). The fear-provoking effect of G may have
      interfered with more subtle aspects of choice because the 4 treatment fish in
      each group reacted through the glass barrier to the approach of the subject. In
      the present experiment such feedback was eliminated by using one-way mirrors. N
      juveniles reared by normal parents (N X N) differentiated between N and G
      treatment fish only in that they attacked significantly more toward G; thus their
      behavior was contrary to that predicted by the fear-provoking effect of gold. The
      notable effect among juveniles reared by G parents (G X G) was that N spent more
      time with N and avoided G treatment fish, in keeping with the fear-provoking
      effect of gold. The results are discussed in terms of the differences in
      experiences between juveniles reared N X N, all of which were themselves N, and
      those reared G X G, consisting of both color morphs. Despite the differences in
      the two experiments, the main conclusion remains in place: Affiliative responses
      of juveniles, as measured in these tests, do not predict choice of mate among
      adults.

PMID- 3396313
TI  - Lion-tailed macaques (Macaca silenus) manufacture and use tools.
AB  - Lion-tailed macaques (Macaca silenus) in captive social groups spontaneously
      manufactured and used tools to extract syrup from an apparatus that was designed
      to accommodate probing behavior. An attempt to replicate these findings with
      mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx) was unsuccessful. This report is the first to
      describe spontaneous manufacture of tools in any group of Old World monkeys and
      provides evidence of greater continuity among primates for the expression of
      complex cognitive abilities. These data are consistent with hypotheses that lion
      tailed macaques have extensive propensities for advanced sensorimotor skills and
      that omnivorous, extractive foraging is associated with the manufacture and use
      of tools. I present a proximate model that integrates sensorimotor and social
      factors to account for diverse expression of tool-related behavior.

PMID- 3396312
TI  - Effects of male social status on reproductive success and on behavior in mice
      (Mus musculus).
AB  - Differences in reproduction as well as in behavior in the presence of females
      were evaluated according to dominant and subordinate male rank in albino mice, in
      the temporary absence of each male's antagonist. Dominant males reproduced more
      successfully than subordinate males. Subordinate males were generally inactive,
      except for displacement activities, during the first 15 min they were exposed to
      female partners. These findings suggest that mechanisms other than male-male
      interference or mating order may be operating or influencing behavior and
      reproductive results.

PMID- 3396314
TI  - Rodents' (Rattus, Mesocricetus, and Meriones) use of learned caloric information
      in diet selection.
AB  - When given a choice between two mashes of equal caloric density but differing
      flavors, rats (Rattus norvegicus) show a robust preference for the flavor
      previously associated with a higher calorie food. This finding suggests that rats
      may identify food quality by sensory cues such as taste. Our initial attempt to
      show this effect in the golden Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) failed,
      apparently because of this species's tendency to store both high- and low-calorie
      mashes in their cheek pouches during conditioning trials. Initially we attempted
      to circumvent this seeming morphological constraint on learning by presenting low
      and high-calorie mashes on alternate days. This procedure too failed to produce
      evidence of flavor-caloric learning, although this procedure produced robust
      learning in another rodent, the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus). Another
      method of preventing cheek pouching--concurrently presenting low- and high
      calorie liquid diets--was more successful; then, hamsters showed clear evidence
      of flavor-caloric learning. Thus, although flavor-caloric learning is
      demonstrable in species of rodent besides the rat, the circumstances under which
      it occurs vary.

PMID- 3396311
TI  - Audience effects on alarm calling in chickens (Gallus gallus).
AB  - The male domestic chicken (Gallus gallus) has been found to modulate the
      production of vocal signals in response to the presence or absence of a suitable
      audience. We investigated effects on alarm calling by presenting overhead
      predator models to cockerels in the presence of a variety of social companions.
      The production of aerial predator calls in response to hawk silhouettes varied
      with the presence or absence of a member of the same species. The kinds of
      audience investigated included the mate, unfamiliar females, other females and
      males with which subjects had had prior visual and auditory contact, and broody
      hens with and without young. Domestic chicks, unrelated to the subjects, were
      almost as effective an audience as conspecific adults. A member of another
      species, however, failed to potentiate alarm-call production. The subjects gave
      more alarm calls when they were in the presence of either a male or a female
      audience than when they were alone. By manipulating the visibility of overhead
      predator models to the subjects and to the audience, we showed that the subjects
      were not cued by alarm and escape behaviors of the audience. Comparisons with
      food calling indicate that, in deciding whether to emit a signal in response to
      the appropriate referent (e.g., food or predators), chickens respond to subtle
      differences in the nature of the audience with behaviors that vary from one
      communicative context to another.

PMID- 3396315
TI  - Sex differences in investigatory and grooming behaviors of laboratory rats
      (Rattus norvegicus) following exposure to novelty.
AB  - Prior research suggested that during exposure to novel stimuli, rodent
      investigation and self-grooming behaviors may be sexually dimorphic and interact
      with ambient illumination. To test this notion we compared the behavior of adult
      male and female groups of Long-Evans hooded rats in normal room lighting (860 lx)
      and in very dim, red light (0.2 lx) following exposure to a novel juvenile
      conspecific. Illuminance level had little or no effect, but investigatory and
      subsequent self-grooming behaviors of males were substantially greater than those
      of females, and females engaged in greater ambulatory activity than did males. In
      a second experiment adult males and females were exposed to a novel inanimate
      object. No reliable sex differences were observed. We conclude that social
      novelty, as provided by exposure to a juvenile conspecific, stimulates greater
      investigation and postinvestigatory self-grooming than exposure to a novel
      inanimate object and that exposure to novel conspecifics presents a useful method
      for the investigation of sex differences, gonadal hormone effects, and
      interactions of hormones with neurotransmitter systems governing motor control
      systems.

PMID- 3396316
TI  - Absolute auditory thresholds in three Old World monkey species (Cercopithecus
      aethiops, C. neglectus, Macaca fuscata) and humans (Homo sapiens).
AB  - We investigated the absolute auditory sensitivities of three monkey species
      (Cercopithecus aethiops, C. neglectus, and Macaca fuscata) and humans (Homo
      sapiens). Results indicated that species-typical variation exists in these
      primates. Vervets, which have the smallest interaural distance of the species
      that we tested, exhibited the greatest high-frequency sensitivity. This result is
      consistent with Masterton, Heffner, and Ravizza's (1969) observations that head
      size and high-frequency acuity are inversely correlated in mammals. Vervets were
      also the most sensitive in the middle frequency range. Furthermore, we found that
      de Brazza's monkeys, though they produce a specialized, low-pitched boom call,
      did not show the enhanced low-frequency sensitivity that Brown and Waser (1984)
      showed for blue monkeys (C. mitis), a species with a similar sound. This
      discrepancy may be related to differences in the acoustics of the respective
      habitats of these animals or in the way their boom calls are used. The acuity of
      Japanese monkeys was found to closely resemble that of rhesus macaques (M.
      mulatta) that were tested in previous studies. Finally, humans tested in the same
      apparatus exhibited normative sensitivities. These subjects responded more
      readily to low frequencies than did the monkeys but rapidly became less sensitive
      in the high ranges.

PMID- 3396317
TI  - Characterization of the constituent fatty acids in phosphatidylinositol during
      early development in Rana nigromaculata.
AB  - 1. Qualitative and quantitative changes in phosphatidylinositol (PI) were
      analyzed in the eggs, embryos and tadpoles of the Japanese pond frog, Rana
      nigromaculata, at various stages of development. 2. The weight percentage of PI
      to total phospholipid and lipid was about 8.4-15.2% and 1.4-2.6%, respectively,
      during embryonic life. 3. At the early stages of the unfertilized egg and the two
      cell embryo, the predominant fatty acids are palmitic, stearic, oleic and
      linoleic acid. From the dorsal lip, early gastrula stage and beyond, the
      percentage of linoleic acid declines and there is an increase in palmitoleic
      acid. A relatively large amount of arachidonic acid was noted at the unfertilized
      egg stage at the 1-position. 4. A large amount of arachidonic acid was also
      observed at the 2-position of PI in the unfertilized egg, hatching embryo and
      post-hatching tadpole stages, relative to palmitic and stearic acid. 5. Palmitic
      and stearic acid were increased at the 2-position of PI in the other embryo and
      the feeding tadpole stages, relative to arachidonic acid, indicating a shift in
      these molecular species. 6. Thus, there were marked changes in the positional
      distribution of the constituent fatty acids in PI during early development of R.
      nigromaculata.

PMID- 3396318
TI  - Organ distribution of aldehyde dehydrogenase activity in the rainbow trout (Salmo
      gairdneri Richardson).
AB  - 1. Aldehyde dehydrogenase activity was measured in gills, muscle, brain,
      intestine, kidney, heart and liver of rainbow trout, using 3,4
      dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (the biogenic aldehyde derived from dopamine) as the
      substrate. 2. Aldehyde dehydrogenase activity was found to be present in all of
      the organs studied. 3. The highest activity was found in the liver (276
      nmol/min.g wet wt of tissue). 4. A remarkably high activity was found in the
      heart (117 nmol/min.g). 5. The gills showed the lowest activity (1.9 nmol/min.g).

PMID- 3396319
TI  - ATP citrate lyase activity in liver and adipose tissue of veal or ruminating
      calves (Bos taurus).
AB  - 1. The activity of ATP citrate lyase in liver and adipose tissue and the
      concentrations of glucose and insulin in plasma were determined in veal and in
      ruminating calves. 2. The activity of ATP citrate lyase per g of tissue was
      substantially higher in liver and adipose tissues of veal calves. 3. Although
      activity of this enzyme was higher in liver than in adipose tissue on a per g of
      tissue basis, comparison on a per mg protein basis showed the adipose tissue
      levels of the enzyme to be higher. 4. Both plasma glucose and insulin levels were
      also higher in veal calves which agreed well with both the ATP citrate lyase
      activity and with data from previous studies.

PMID- 3396320
TI  - Occurrence and distribution of D-cysteinolic acid in fish and shellfish.
AB  - 1. An unknown compound which is very similar to taurine was detected in the
      extract of sardine Sardinops melanosticta. 2. It was identified as D-cysteinolic
      acid: 2-amino-3-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid from instrumental analysis. 3.
      This may be the first report in which the occurrence of D-cysteinolic acid in
      fish has been demonstrated. 4. Of 14 species of fish and shellfish examined, the
      presence of this compound was confirmed in 7 species.

PMID- 3396321
TI  - Isolation of types I and V collagens from carp muscle.
AB  - 1. The major constituent of carp intramuscular connective tissue was found to be
      Type I collagen. 2. A collagen homologous to Type V collagen of higher vertebrate
      was also isolated from carp muscle. 3. Relative portion of Type V collagen was
      higher in carp muscle than in mammalian muscles.

PMID- 3396322
TI  - Comparison of biochemical polymorphisms in mouflon and sheep: isoelectric
      differences in haemoglobins and quantitative variation of mouflon haemopexin.
AB  - 1. Of ten protein systems studied in mouflon (Ovis musimon), five were
      polymorphic (Tf, Hpx, EsA, X-protein, Cat). Electrophoretic mobilities of mouflon
      proteins did not differ from those of sheep. 2. Mouflon haemoglobin B and sheep
      haemoglobin B differed in isoelectric focusing. 3. Haemopexin levels in mouflon
      were determined by rocket immunoelectrophoresis. A trimodal distribution was
      apparent, with no haemopexin, low and high levels of the protein. The results are
      indicative of genetic control of haemopexin levels, one of the alleles being
      inactive (Hpx0).

PMID- 3396323
TI  - Mammary secretion of triglycerides in the cow pre-partum.
AB  - 1. Regular removal of fluid from the mammary gland, before parturition,
      stimulated its secretion of triglycerides, and particularly C18 fatty acids in
      the triglycerides, in some individual cows. 2. Cows that did not respond to pre
      partum emptying were stimulated to secrete triglycerides by parturition. 3. The
      onset of secretion of milk triglycerides correlated with the onset of secretion
      of mammary fluid. 4. No increase in the ratio of C18:1 to C18:0 in the
      triglycerides, reflecting an onset of mammary desaturase activity, was observed.

PMID- 3396325
TI  - Decarboxylation of malonyl-CoA by lactating bovine mammary fatty acid synthase.
AB  - 1. A pronounced malonyl-CoA decarboxylase activity of bovine mammary fatty acid
      synthase results in the formation of acetyl-CoA and not of triacetic acid lactone
      as in the reaction by yeast and pigeon liver synthase. 2. This activity is
      unaffected by the dissociation of the enzyme and is insensitive to its
      modification by iodoacetamide, N-ethylmaleimide, p-hydroxymercuribenzoate or 2
      chloroacetyl-CoA. 3. A 50% inhibition of the activity observed on the depletion
      of free CoA from the medium indicates that at least part of the reaction occurs
      only after the acylation of the enzyme with the malonyl group. 4. A parallel
      reaction without such a transfer also appears to occur simultaneously.

PMID- 3396324
TI  - Isolation of transketolase from rabbit liver and comparison of some of its
      kinetic properties with transketolase from other sources.
AB  - 1. Rabbit liver transketolase activity was purified 56-fold using the following
      steps: ammonium sulfate precipitation, chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A-25,
      concentration through an Amicon ultrafiltration cell and rechromatography on DEAE
      Sephadex A-25. 2. The enzyme showed an optimum PH for activity at 7.8-8.0. 3. The
      optimum temperature was around 40 degrees C and the activation energy calculated
      from the Arrhenius plot was found to be 11.4 kcal/mole. 4. The molecular weight
      of the enzyme, as determined by gel filtration, was found to be approximately
      162,000, while the content of thiamin diphosphate was between 1.8 and 2 mumole
      per mole protein. 5. Addition of thiamin diphosphate and magnesium chloride did
      not influence the activity. 6. From the kinetic studies of the enzyme, the Km
      values for xylulose-5-phosphate, ribose-5-phosphate and fructose-6-phosphate were
      3.8 x 10(-5) M, 9.5 x 10(-5) M and 1.1 x 10(-2) M, respectively.

PMID- 3396326
TI  - Comparison of sex hormone dependent induction of delta-aminolevulinic acid
      dehydratase in chick liver and oviduct.
AB  - 1. Comparative study on induction of hepatic and oviduct delta-aminolevulinic
      acid dehydratase (EC 4.2.1.24, ALAD) was performed following estradiol-17 beta
      and/or testosterone administration in immature female chicken (Gallus
      domesticus). 2. The lowest amount of estradiol for maximal induction of hepatic
      and oviduct ALAD activity was 2 mg/day/bird. 3. When estradiol of 2 mg/day/bird
      was administered for 15 days successively, induction extent of oviduct ALAD
      molecule was markedly larger and became approximately 144-fold in comparison with
      that of liver. Testosterone (2 mg/day/bird) alone did not induce both hepatic and
      oviduct ALAD activity. 4. Synergistic and antagonistic effect of testosterone on
      estradiol-induced total ALAD activity in oviduct was dependent on testosterone
      amount administered, whereas testosterone antagonized the inductive effect of
      estradiol on liver ALAD activity, independently of its amount.

PMID- 3396327
TI  - Ammonia production from amino acids and urea in the caecal contents of the
      chicken.
AB  - 1. Ammonia production from urea and amino acids in the caecal contents of the
      chicken was evaluated using 15N-labeled nitrogenous compounds. 2. About 43% of
      each of urea nitrogen and glutamine amide nitrogen was converted to ammonia
      nitrogen, but only 25% of epsilon-nitrogen of the added arginine, a precursor of
      urea, was found in ammonia. 3. Amino nitrogen of the separately added glutamic
      acid and glycine to be converted to ammonia was 19-20% of their added amounts,
      whereas that of alpha-alanine was 11%. 4. It is concluded that dietary and
      urinary amino acids and urea which find their ways into the caeca are useful
      nitrogen sources for ammonia production by microflora in the caeca of the
      chicken.

PMID- 3396328
TI  - Steroid regulation of kidney histidine decarboxylase and ornithine decarboxylase
      levels in mouse kidney: effects of the mutation testicular feminization, Tfm.
AB  - 1. Testosterone represses kidney histidine decarboxylase levels in both normal
      male and female mice. Tfm/Y mutant mice lack an androgen receptor and are
      phenotypically female. It has been suggested that the testosterone induction of
      HDC levels in these animals is a result of aromatisation to oestrogens in the
      absence of the androgen receptor; the oestrogens then induce the enzyme. 2. It is
      shown that the induction of HDC in Tfm/Y mice is specific to testosterone and not
      other androgens and can be mimiced by low doses of beta-oestradiol in normal
      female mice. 3. Analysis of Tfm/+ mice indicates that the testosterone induction
      effect is a function of individual kidney cells.

PMID- 3396330
TI  - Comparative study of chicken ovalbumin subfractions having different carbohydrate
      chain from each other by high performance anion exchange chromatography.
AB  - 1. Ovalbumin was fractionated to six fractions according to their phosphate
      content by high performance anion exchange chromatography. 2. This method was
      applied to analyze the phosphate content of ovalbumin subfractions having
      different carbohydrate chain from each other which were prepared by concanavalin
      A/Sepharose chromatography from oviduct slices incubated with [2-3H]mannose. 3.
      Most biosynthetic intermediates bearing a carbohydrate chain of Man8 or 9 GlcNAc2
      was not phosphorylated while other fractions bearing differently processed
      carbohydrate chains such as Man5 or 6 GlcNAc2 or hybrid type carbohydrate chain
      was phosphorylated at their peptide portion.

PMID- 3396329
TI  - Riboflavin-binding protein from reptiles: a comparison with avian riboflavin
      binding proteins.
AB  - 1. Riboflavin-binding protein (RBP) has been isolated for the first time from
      reptilian sources. 2. RBP from eggs of Python molurus (Indian python) and
      Chrysemys picta (painted turtle) has been isolated and compared to RBP from
      Gallus gallus domesticus (chicken), a well-characterized protein, and a newly
      isolated RBP from Cairina moschata (Muscovy duck). 3. Each of the proteins is
      phosphorylated and glycosylated. 4. The ratio of riboflavin binding to protein is
      1:1 and the KD for each protein is between 1-3 nM. 5. The mol. wts, different for
      each species, range from 30,000-40,000, with the reptilian proteins being approx.
      10,000 larger than the avian proteins.

PMID- 3396331
TI  - Preparation of metallothionein from rat liver and studies of its properties with
      respect to use as a standard in gel permeation chromatography, polyacrylamide gel
      systems, autoradiography and Western blotting.
AB  - 1. A simple method for preparation of metallothionein (Mt) I and II has been
      developed for the purpose of making standards for use in various biochemical
      systems and in antibody production. 2. The theoretical content of SH groups in a
      Mt protein; assuming the mol. wt to be 10,000 and each molecule to contain 20 SH
      groups was found to be 7.1 and 7.7 times higher than for our purified Mt I and
      II, respectively. 3. In our native polyacrylamide gel system Mt I ran ahead of Mt
      II, while the two Mt forms were not separated in the Laemmli SDS system in which
      it behaved as a protein with mol. wt 10,000. In both gel systems, however, Mt I
      stained as a very faint band in comparison to Mt II, despite equal absorbance at
      254 nm and Cd binding capacity. 4. Compared to staining of polyacrylamide gels
      with Coomassie Brilliant Blue less than 1/50 parts (1 ng) of the protein could be
      easily seen after silver staining. 5. It was found that Mt may undergo
      spontaneous modification, polymerization and loss of metal binding properties. 6.
      Spontaneous modification and polymerization reduced the antigenic properties of
      our purified Mt. Only Mt II appeared to be immunologically active.

PMID- 3396333
TI  - Comparative electrophoretic examination of the two European species of angler
      fish (Lophiidae): Lophius piscatorius (L.) and Lophius budegassa (Spinola) and
      assessment of their genetic relationship.
AB  - 1. A multilocus electrophoretic examination of the genetic relationships between
      the two European species of angler-fish was carried out using starch gel
      electrophoresis. 2. At 4 gene loci fixation for different alleles separated
      Lophius piscatorius and L. budegassa while at an additional 5 loci, frequencies
      of shared alleles were significantly heterogeneous. 3. A mean genetic distance of
      I = 0.771 was calculated, corresponding to a mean genetic distance of D = 0.260
      between these species. 4. This research identifies 7 polymorphic loci in L.
      piscatorius and 5 in L. budegassa which will potentially serve as genetic markers
      for examination of population structure.

PMID- 3396332
TI  - Phosphorylation of acid-soluble chromatin proteins from tissues of different
      species by purified cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase.
AB  - 1. Phosphorylation of acid-soluble chromatin proteins from thymus or liver of
      calf, rabbit, pig, rat, rooster and trout by purified cyclic GMP-dependent
      protein kinase was studied in vitro using acetic acid-urea slab gel
      electrophoresis and autoradiography. 2. HMG 14, histone H1 and an unknown band
      representing probably a proteolytic fragment of histone H1 were phosphorylated in
      all mammals studied. 3. In avian liver, HMG 14 showed no phosphorylation and
      histone H1 was replaced by a H1(0)/H5-like heavily phosphorylated protein. 4. The
      only 32P-acceptor in trout liver apparently belongs to the C/D-family of acid
      soluble chromatin proteins. H6-protein was not phosphorylated.

PMID- 3396334
TI  - The metabolism and excretion of oestradiol-3 beta-D-glucuronide in rats.
AB  - 1. Tritium labelled oestradiol-3 beta-D-glucuronide (E2-3G) was synthesised by
      sodium borohydride reduction of labelled oestrone-glucuronide (E1-G) and injected
      intravenously into anaesthetised rats. Bile and urine were collected to assess
      the routes and rate of excretion of E2-3G. Bile and urine samples were analysed
      by reverse phase HPLC to determine the metabolites of E2-3G. 2. When E2-3G was
      given at 11 and 22 mumol/kg, 83 and 85% respectively was excreted in bile within
      3 hr and 1 and 3% in urine. 3. The major metabolite was E1-G which accounted for
      89 and 92% respectively of the injected E2-3G which was recovered in bile. 4. It
      is concluded that bile is the major route of excretion of E2-3G in rats and that
      it is converted mainly to E1-G before excretion.

PMID- 3396335
TI  - Fractals and the analysis of waveforms.
AB  - Waveforms are planar curves--ordered collections of (x, y) point pairs--where the
      x values increase monotonically. One technique for numerically classifying
      waveforms assesses their fractal dimensionality, D. For waveforms: D =
      log(n)/(log(n) + log(d/L], with n = number of steps in the waveform (one less
      than the number of (x, y) point pairs), d = planar extent (diameter) of the
      waveform, and L = total length of the waveform. Under this formulation, fractal
      dimensions range from D = 1.0, for straight lines through approximately D = 1.15
      for random-walk waveforms, to D approaching 1.5 for the most convoluted
      waveforms. The fractal characterization may be especially useful for analyzing
      and comparing complex waveforms such as electroencephalograms (EEGs).

PMID- 3396336
TI  - A microcomputer-based, R-wave triggered system for hemodynamic measurements in
      the forearm.
AB  - A microcomputer (with 8088 or 80286 processor)-based, R-wave triggered system for
      on-line, semi-continuous measurement of blood flow of one or two limbs,
      simultaneous with heart rate and eventually intra-arterial blood pressure, is
      described. The minimal interval between measurements is approximately 4 s,
      allowing the accurate measurement of maximal flow after ischemia. When compared
      to hand-operated plethysmography, the use of this system improves the precision
      of the measurements, minimizes perturbations of the limb circulation and
      eliminates the possible bias of analysis by hand.

PMID- 3396337
TI  - Microcomputerized on-line evaluation of heart rate variability power spectra in
      humans.
AB  - The heart rate variability power spectra is computed using an on-line
      microcomputer system. In normal subjects (n = 10), standing and post-exercise
      states demonstrated statistically significant increases (p less than 0.05) in the
      peak power at 0.1 Hz. During exercise, the peak power at 0.1 Hz was reduced
      significantly (p less than 0.05). In patients with myocardial infarction, either
      the peak at 0.1 Hz or the peak associated with breathing frequency was augmented.
      Our system is mobile and is useful especially when on-line heart rate variability
      power spectra are required in experimental or clinical situations.

PMID- 3396338
TI  - The Gemini conundrum--a problem of unpairable data: statistical comparison of
      ratios each derived from two separately estimated parameters.
AB  - In biological studies it may be necessary to compare ratios of two separately
      estimated parameters under test and control conditions. Since it is not always
      possible technically to obtain paired data for the two parameters, how does one
      take account of their variances? By extending previously described approximations
      in a modified t-test we present a BASIC computer program which may be used to
      solve this problem.

PMID- 3396339
TI  - Frequency response analysis of human saccadic eye movements: estimation of
      stochastic muscle forces.
AB  - A frequency response method is used to estimate parameters of a fourth-order
      model of the oculomotor system and the active state tensions during a saccadic
      eye movement. The lateral and medial rectus muscle of each eye is modeled as a
      parallel combination of an active state tension generator with a viscosity and
      elastic element, connected to a series elastic element. The eyeball is modeled as
      a sphere connected to a viscosity and elastic element. Each of these elements is
      assumed to be ideal and linear. The active state tension for each muscle is
      modeled by a low-pass filtered pulse-step waveform. Initial estimates of the
      oculomotor mechanical components are based on physiological evidence. Initial
      estimates of the active state tension are based on an extrapolation of the eye
      movement trajectory. Horizontal saccadic eye movements were recorded from
      infrared signals reflected from the anterior surface of the cornea and then
      digitized. Parameter estimates were calculated for the model by using a conjugate
      gradient search program which minimizes the integral of the absolute value of the
      squared error between the model and the data. The predictions of the model are
      shown to be in good agreement with the data. Final estimates of motoneuronal
      activity demonstrate that the agonist muscle is maximally stimulated during the
      early portion of a saccadic eye movement regardless of the amplitude of the
      saccade; only the duration of the maximal stimulation affects the size of the
      saccade. The antagonist muscle is completely inhibited during the period of
      maximum agonist muscle stimulation. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that saccade
      motoneuronal activity is a stochastic phenomenon.

PMID- 3396341
TI  - [In search of logic in children's cognition. Epistemology for child care].

PMID- 3396340
TI  - PARTITION: a quantitative method for evaluating prehospital services for trauma
      patients.
AB  - This paper introduces PARTITION, a method for evaluating prehospital services for
      trauma patients. The method can be used to compare the performance of a
      particular service to the accumulated experience with many different prehospital
      care providers. The essential element of the comparison is to separate
      (partition) the effects of the prehospital ministrations from those of subsequent
      hospital care.

PMID- 3396343
TI  - [A plan for students' recognition of nursing objectives and preparation of a
      teaching approach--focusing on the "life" sentiment by utilizing biological
      knowledge].

PMID- 3396342
TI  - [Definition of psychiatry--establishment of scientific psychiatry. 11].

PMID- 3396344
TI  - Eighty-five-year-old male with hematuria and frequency.

PMID- 3396345
TI  - A proposed alternative to the Civil Justice System for resolving medical
      liability disputes. A fault-based, administrative system. AMA/Specialty Society
      Medical Liability Project.

PMID- 3396346
TI  - Guidelines for quality assurance: AMA Council on Medical Service.

PMID- 3396348
TI  - Who assures quality assurance?

PMID- 3396347
TI  - Diabetic retinopathy: what you should know.

PMID- 3396349
TI  - Diagnose and treat: a prescription for failure.

PMID- 3396350
TI  - Setting limits in medical education.

PMID- 3396351
TI  - "It's over, Debbie": active euthanasia and public policy.

PMID- 3396352
TI  - The immoral equivalent of war.

PMID- 3396353
TI  - The efficacy of subcutaneous goretex implants in monitoring wound healing
      response in experimental protein deficiency.
AB  - This combined biochemical and histological study demonstrated that subcutaneously
      implanted Goretex tubing can be used to monitor and detect variations in wound
      healing potential in rats subjected to experimental hypoproteinaemic and normal
      refeeding conditions. Induced hypoproteinaemia was observed to be associated with
      a marked diminution in cellular infiltration, collagen synthesis and fibrous
      deposition within the implant. All these effects were completely reversed by
      subsequent refeeding of normal diet. Although regional variations in fibroblastic
      response attributable to biologic variability, were observed within individual
      control implants, or between paired controls, they were relatively minor as
      compared to the marked differences observed at the macroscopic, microscopic and
      biochemical level between implants removed from normally fed and protein
      deficient animals.

PMID- 3396354
TI  - The glycosaminoglycan constituents of alveolar and basal bone of the rabbit.
AB  - Proteoglycan was extracted from alveolar and basal bone of New Zealand White
      rabbits using a sequential extraction procedure. Proteoglycans not associated
      with the bone mineral represented 1% of the total organic matrix whereas
      proteoglycans associated with the mineral represented 20% of the alveolar organic
      matrix and 12% of the basal organic matrix. Chondroitin-4-sulphate and keratan
      sulphate were identified in both alveolar and basal bone following protease
      treatment of the proteoglycan extracts and enzymic digestion with chondroitinase
      AC, ABC and keratanase. Differences were observed in the percentage of each
      glycosaminoglycan (GAG) in the total organic matrix. In alveolar bone samples,
      keratan sulphate and chondroitin-4-sulphate is present in equal proportions. In
      basal bone chondroitin-4-sulphate represents approximately half the value found
      in alveolar bone and keratan sulphate about a quarter. The extracts were examined
      by gel filtration on Sepharose 4B under associative conditions. The 280 nm
      absorbance profiles of proteoglycan from alveolar and basal bone were essentially
      similar with three main peaks evident, including molecular weight material in
      excess of 2 X 10(6). The bulk of the bone GAG appeared in the medium molecular
      weight range with trace amounts in lower molecular weight fractions.

PMID- 3396355
TI  - Quantification of hen egg white lysozyme in cartilage by an enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay.
AB  - We have developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with an inhibition
      step to quantify hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) on a weight basis. The assay is
      relatively insensitive to changes in ionic strength or pH. Quantification is not
      affected by the presence or large amounts of mammalian lysozymes or inhibitors of
      enzymatic activity such as soluble chitin oligomers. We used this ELISA to show
      that the HEWL content of chick cartilages increases progressively between days 14
      and 18 of embryonic life. The maturation-related increase does not appear to be
      the result of increased synthesis by the chondrocytes for the latter did not
      synthesize detectable amounts of lysozyme in vitro. Evidence was obtained to
      suggest that most, if not all, the lysozyme in cartilage is derived from the
      surrounding fluids which come in contact with the matrix.

PMID- 3396356
TI  - A comparative study of the ease of removal of intrauterine contraceptive devices.
AB  - This study compares the rates of easy and difficult removals of various types of
      IUDs. Eight-hundred-sixteen IUDs were removed in Auckland Family Planning Clinics
      in an 8-month period. Nearly 80% were the standard Multiload Copper 250. Eight
      eight percent of all IUDs were easy to remove with another 7% requiring a hard
      pull. Of the remaining 5%, 3.5% required simple intracervical exploration, 1%
      required intrauterine exploration and 0.5% were referred to hospital. When
      compared with the standard Multiload, no IUD was statistically easier and only
      the Mini-Copper 7 was harder to remove at the 5% level of significance.

PMID- 3396357
TI  - Factors related to ovulation method efficacy in three programs: Bangladesh,
      Kenya, and Korea.
AB  - Sociodemographic and reproductive health data were gathered on approximately 200
      acceptors in each of three programs offering the Ovulation Method of Natural
      Family Planning. The programs were located in Bangladesh, Kenya, and Korea. In
      addition, a one year follow-up was attempted to assess continuation and efficacy.
      Descriptive data show a variety of religious, educational, income, family, and
      family planning backgrounds among acceptors. Life table analyses of reported
      unplanned pregnancy occurrence among spacers and limiters combined was 15% at 12
      months in Bangladesh, 11% in Kenya and 13% in Korea. The pregnancy rate at 12
      months for all pregnancies, planned and unplanned, was 27.0, 26.0, and 23.7,
      respectively. In Bangladesh 37 of the 48 unplanned pregnancies were user-related
      as were all of the 14 unplanned pregnancies in Kenya and 17 of the 20 in Korea.
      Method failure was the reported cause of pregnancy in only 2 of the 83 unplanned
      pregnancies. A major aspect of this study was the assessment of higher risk
      population subgroups; increasing age, education, previous pill use and previous
      family planning are significantly associated with fewer unplanned pregnancies
      while religion, attendance as a couple, family planning intention, size and
      source of referral do not have a demonstrated impact on pregnancy occurrence. The
      time of entry into the data set in relation to time of initial NFP acceptance may
      be an important variable in assessing OM effectiveness.

PMID- 3396358
TI  - Serum estrogens and ovulation return in chronic users of a once-a-month
      injectable contraceptive.
AB  - To determine whether the long-term exposure to a monthly injectable
      contraceptive, containing dihydroxyprogesterone acetophenide 150 mg and estradiol
      enanthate 10 mg, induces significant changes on the serum estrogens profile and
      ovulation return in women, a study in chronic users was undertaken. Ovarian
      function was assessed for 3 months following a single injection of the
      contraceptive agent in a group of women (n = 7) who have been on this formulation
      for an average period of 6.7 years and in a non-user control group (n = 7). The
      serum concentrations of 17 beta-estradiol, estrone and progesterone were measured
      in samples drawn at regular intervals throughout the entire study. The
      endometrial bleeding pattern was recorded in all subjects. The results indicated
      that the post-injection serum estradiol maximum levels (exogenous peak) occurred
      significantly earlier (p less than 0.05) in chronic users as compared with the
      non-user control group. Baseline serum estrone concentrations were slightly
      higher in chronic users than those observed in the control group, while the
      values of serum 17 beta-estradiol did not exhibit significant differences among
      the two groups. Ovulation was documented within 60-90 days after injection in all
      subjects from both groups. A similar length of the first bleeding-free period was
      observed in all participants. The overall data provide evidence of a moderate
      increase of estrone, one of the still active metabolic conversion products of 17
      beta-estradiol, in the sera of chronic users of this combined contraceptive
      without affecting its pharmacodynamics.

PMID- 3396359
TI  - Non-surgical sterilization using phenol-mucilage: acceptability versus efficacy.
AB  - Sterilization has become a popular means of birth control and many methods have
      been developed to meet the needs of different groups of women. In a pilot study,
      non-surgical sterilization using phenol-mucilage was found to be extremely
      acceptable to a group of Chinese women despite its failure rate. The method is
      simple, safe and inexpensive. It is suggested that this method would be suitable
      for women who are afraid of surgical sterilization.

PMID- 3396361
TI  - The National Institutes of Health and their sponsorship of clinical trials.

PMID- 3396360
TI  - Effects of STS 557 on semen and sperm functions in bonnet monkey (Macaca radiata)
      -a preliminary report.
AB  - Intramuscular administration of STS 557 (17 alpha C-cyanomethyl-17 beta-hydroxy
      estra-4,9(10)-diene-3-one) at a daily dose of 12 mg/monkey for 8 weeks induced
      severe oligospermia to complete azoospermia by the 9th week of initiation of
      treatment with concomitant decrease in the serum level of testosterone. The sperm
      motility was reduced from the 3rd week of treatment. Complete recovery was
      observed by the 14th week after withdrawal of treatment. STS 557 may have the
      potentiality to be used as a chemical contraceptive in the male.

PMID- 3396362
TI  - A design for phase II testing of anticancer agents within a phase III clinical
      trial.
AB  - A design for testing new anticancer agents is proposed such that the initial
      testing of new agents (phase II trials) is included within the framework of a
      comparative clinical trial (phase III). Randomization between phase II trials and
      the treatment groups of the phase III trial enforces consistency of patient
      selection and evaluation of response criteria. Patients who progress on the phase
      II trials of the new agents are randomized to one of the treatments of the phase
      III trial. Design issues, such as sample size and power, and analysis of the
      proposed design, are discussed. Advantages and disadvantages of the design are
      illustrated by sample size calculations for a current clinical trial in advanced
      breast cancer.

PMID- 3396364
TI  - Organization, review, and administration of cooperative studies (Greenberg
      Report): a report from the Heart Special Project Committee to the National
      Advisory Heart Council, May 1967.
AB  - Cooperative studies have been designed as a means of obtaining definite answers
      to significant questions not readily answerable by other means. Such studies
      should be initiated only if an important problem needs a rapid solution, the
      study is feasible and likely to answer the problem, and strong and stable
      leadership are assured. Protocol and operating procedures must be kept as simple
      as possible. Control of performance at all levels must be built into the
      structure. Organizational components should include: (a) a Policy or Advisory
      Board, (b) an Executive or Steering Committee, (c) a Coordinating Center, and (d)
      data-contributing participants. All of these components must interrelate with
      each other and with National Heart Institute staff and, through the staff, with
      scientific review groups and the National Advisory Heart Council. A chart of
      organization is shown in Figure 1. The most important position is that of
      Chairman of the Steering Committee; the key component is the Coordinating Center.
      The performance of the Coordinating Center is continuously dependent on full
      time, highly disciplined leadership that must continually maintain active lines
      of communication with all participants. Failure to achieve this seriously
      undermines the effectiveness and value of the study. Participation in a
      cooperative study, with required adherence to a common protocol, can divert some
      scientists from original research. Conversely, others may be introduced to
      research methodology through participation. The benefits that can be achieved
      only through cooperative efforts must be carefully balanced against any adverse
      effects of encouraging large numbers of investigators to work in cooperative
      studies. Exceedingly complex value judgments are required of reviewers, who must
      constantly keep in mind the need to maintain a reasonable balance within the
      funds appropriated for research. Their deliberations should include an evaluation
      of technical approaches, organization, biostatistical aspects, duration, and
      budget. Comprehensive annual progress reports and recall of former consultants
      could facilitate continuity of review. Free communication between the National
      Advisory Heart Council and the initial review groups is essential to enhance
      working relationships and understanding between these two levels of review.
      Approval of a preliminary study should carry with it a degree of commitment to a
      major study if feasibility can be demonstrated and adequate methodology
      developed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3396363
TI  - Statistical design of the Women's Health Trial.
AB  - The National Cancer Institute has initiated a randomized trial to determine
      whether a low fat diet can reduce the incidence of breast cancer among women at
      increased risk for this disease. A feasibility trial involving 303 women has been
      conducted to examine recruitment strategies, study short-term compliance and,
      more generally, develop and refine trial procedures. The feasibility trial group
      also developed a detailed full-scale trial design plan, and randomization of
      participants to such a trial is currently underway. The purpose of this report is
      to describe the major design features of this Women's Health Trial, with
      particular emphasis on the statistical aspects of the design. The trial is
      planned to last 10 years and to include 32,000 participants. Of these 32,000
      women, 12,800 will be assigned to a low fat diet intervention, and the other
      19,200 will constitute a control group. The sample size of 32,000 arises from a
      range of estimates and assumptions pertaining to (a) the incidence of breast
      cancer at enrollment corresponding to selected eligibility criteria, (b) the
      relative risk of breast cancer as a function of a woman's history of dietary fat
      intake, (c) compliance assumptions in terms of average percent fat in the
      intervention and control groups as a function of time from randomization, and (d)
      rates of competing causes of death. These estimates and assumptions will be
      discussed, as will the robustness of the intended sample sizes to departures from
      such design assumptions.

PMID- 3396365
TI  - A pitfall in the meta-analysis of hazard ratios.

PMID- 3396366
TI  - NIH multicenter investigator-initiated trials: an endangered species?

PMID- 3396367
TI  - Manual of operations for "INTERSALT", an international cooperative study on the
      relation of sodium and potassium to blood pressure.

PMID- 3396368
TI  - Accuracy of intermittent metabolic gas exchange recordings extrapolated for
      diurnal variation.
AB  - In the treatment of critically ill patients, it may be important to know the
      values of total diurnal O2 consumption and CO2 production. Often, diurnal values
      are obtained by extrapolation from the easily obtained short interval values.
      However, both stochastic and systematic errors can be introduced. This study
      analyzes the systematic influence of a possible diurnal variation of gas exchange
      and quantifies the extrapolation accuracy of 16 commonly used recording protocols
      (one to four times a day for 5, 15, 30, and 60 min). Continuous gas exchange
      measurements were performed for 24 h in 50 ventilated patients and compared to
      extrapolated results. Only a small diurnal variation was found, and extrapolation
      accuracy depended on the duration and, especially, the number of recording
      periods. In clinical practice, 24-h values can be estimated with sufficient
      accuracy by extrapolation from two 15-min measurements per day.

PMID- 3396369
TI  - Muscle and serum magnesium in pulmonary intensive care unit patients.
AB  - Muscle specimens by means of quadriceps femoris needle biopsy and blood samples
      were obtained in 32 patients consecutively admitted to a pulmonary ICU for
      chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and acute respiratory failure, and in 30
      age and sex-matched healthy control subjects. Muscle magnesium (Mg) and potassium
      (K) content was assessed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry; serum
      electrolytes were also measured. The presence of clinical and biochemical
      correlates of low serum and muscle Mg was investigated. Three (9.4%) out of 32
      patients had hypomagnesemia (Mgs less than or equal to 0.7 mmol/L) with normal
      muscle Mg values, whereas low muscle Mg values were found in 15 (47%) of 32
      patients, with no alterations of serum Mg levels. Muscle Mg was decreased
      significantly in pulmonary ICU patients as compared to control subjects. No
      significant correlation was present between serum and muscle Mg, or between serum
      and muscle K. Significant relationships between muscle Mg and both muscle and
      intracellular K concentrations were also found. Lower values for muscle and
      intracellular K and a higher incidence of both more prolonged ICU stays and
      ventricular extrasystolic beats characterized the ICU patients with altered
      muscle Mg levels. We conclude that, given the serious complications of Mg
      metabolism derangements, the presence of altered cell Mg content should be taken
      into account in pulmonary ICU patients. Moreover, in these patients, serum Mg
      levels are of little value in the diagnosis of intracellular Mg deficits.

PMID- 3396370
TI  - Outcome of children with hematologic malignancy who are admitted to an intensive
      care unit.
AB  - Sixty-four (48%) of 133 children with hematologic malignancy who were admitted to
      three pediatric ICUs died. Children who required management because of airway
      obstruction or after general anesthesia had the best outlook (mortality rate of
      7% or less); those children who required major circulatory support or mechanical
      ventilation for hypoxemia did poorly (mortality rate of 84% or greater). Certain
      conditions in children with hematologic malignancy that require intensive care
      are associated with a mortality rate of approximately 75%. These include the
      following: suspected sepsis, interstitial pneumonitis, encephalopathy due to
      sepsis or hemorrhage. In children with these life-threatening conditions, therapy
      must be improved because at this stage, the patients do not benefit from
      admission to the ICU.

PMID- 3396371
TI  - Labetalol to control blood pressure after cerebrovascular surgery.
AB  - Fifteen patients who had undergone neurovascular surgery for arteriovenous
      malformations or cerebrovascular aneurysms and had intracranial pressure (ICP)
      monitors were studied. The patients had been treated initially with sodium
      nitroprusside to maintain their arterial BP in a prescribed range, but, because
      of excessive nitroprusside dose requirements, they were considered either to have
      refractory BP or to be at risk for thiocyanate toxicity. Intravenous labetalol
      therapy was started either by frequent bolus pulse therapy every 1 to 2 h or by
      continuous infusion therapy. The degree of desired arterial BP control and the
      effects on ICP and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) were assessed and compared
      with the results during nitroprusside therapy. The degree of arterial BP control
      with labetalol was assessed to be good; 11 patients were weaned off nitroprusside
      and the remaining four patients had a substantial reduction in their
      nitroprusside requirements, needing an average of only 1.5 micrograms/kg.min of
      nitroprusside to control their BP compared with average requirements of 10
      micrograms/kg.min of nitroprusside before labetalol therapy. Labetalol therapy
      improved CPP in six patients and ICP in five patients, with no significant change
      in cerebral pressure in the remainder. Overall, the CPP in the 15 patients
      improved from 63 +/- 15 (SD) mm Hg with nitroprusside to 65 +/- 10 mm Hg with
      labetalol therapy and the ICP decreased from 11.3 +/- 6.1 mm Hg with
      nitroprusside to 8.6 +/- 3.1 mm Hg with labetalol therapy (p less than .05 by
      Wilcoxon matched pairs).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3396372
TI  - Effect of a rotating bed on the incidence of pulmonary complications in
      critically ill patients.
AB  - The risk of nosocomial pneumonia and atelectasis is high among critically ill
      immobilized patients. We hypothesized that continuous turning on the kinetic
      treatment table would reduce their incidence. Sixty-five critically ill patients,
      immobilized because of head injury or traction, were prospectively randomized for
      treatment in a conventional bed (n = 38) or the kinetic treatment table (n = 27).
      Patients were well matched for baseline demographic and pulmonary risk factors.
      Patients in the conventional bed group had a higher incidence of cigarette
      smoking. The combined incidence of significant atelectasis or pneumonia was
      higher (66%) in the conventional vs. kinetic treatment table (33%) groups (p less
      than .01). Atelectasis, pneumonia, adult respiratory distress syndrome,
      requirements for ventilator treatment, for PEEP, and for an FIO2 greater than
      0.50 were not significantly different, but tended to be higher in the control
      group. Survival and the incidence of decubitus ulcers were similar.

PMID- 3396373
TI  - Determination of blood gases in children with extreme leukocytosis.
AB  - The effect of extreme leukocytosis (greater than 300,000/mm3) on the PaO2 of
      blood stored at 22 degrees and 2 degrees C was studied in two children with
      leukemia. Arterial blood samples drawn from these patients at 1 and 10 min were
      compared to blood samples drawn from eight control patients with normal leukocyte
      counts and PaO2 levels in the same range. One minute after drawing the samples,
      the PaO2 values at 2 degrees C were significantly higher than those stored at 22
      degrees C. Later, there was a rapid and progressive decline in PaO2 values in
      both samples stored at 2 degrees and 22 degrees C. Rapid consumption of O2 by
      leukocytes is liable to result in erroneous diagnosis of severe hypoxemia in
      patients with extreme leukocytosis. Immediate cooling of the samples is
      insufficient to eliminate this process.

PMID- 3396375
TI  - Recommendations for critical care unit design. Task Force on Guidelines. Society
      of Critical Care Medicine.

PMID- 3396376
TI  - Recommendations for intensive care unit admission and discharge criteria. Task
      Force on Guidelines. Society of Critical Care Medicine.

PMID- 3396374
TI  - Agonal elevation in serum digoxin concentrations in infants and children long
      after cessation of therapy.
AB  - In 11 of 15 profoundly sick, digitalized infants and children, elevation in serum
      digoxin concentration could be detected long after cessation of therapy. This
      phenomenon concurred with a rapid deterioration of renal function. Because death
      of a digitalized child may be attributed to the glycoside itself, it is important
      to recognize that elevation in serum concentration to a potentially toxic level
      is a common pathophysiologic pattern.

PMID- 3396377
TI  - Recommendations for services and personnel for delivery of care in a critical
      care setting. Task Force on Guidelines. Society of Critical Care Medicine.

PMID- 3396378
TI  - Seizure activity mimicking brainstem herniation in children following head
      injuries.

PMID- 3396380
TI  - "Cuff" test for safe extubation following laryngeal edema.

PMID- 3396379
TI  - Hypoalbuminemia and diarrhea in critically ill patients.

PMID- 3396381
TI  - Tracheostomy tube replacement using a modified Seldinger technique.

PMID- 3396382
TI  - Computer program to estimate arterial oxygen tension from saturation.

PMID- 3396383
TI  - Mental confusion and ranitidine.

PMID- 3396384
TI  - Manifestations of cell damage after freezing and thawing.
AB  - The nature of the primary lesions suffered by cells during freezing and thawing
      is unclear, although the plasma membrane is often considered the primary site for
      freezing injury. This study was designed to investigate the nature of damage
      immediately after thawing, by monitoring several functional tests of the cell and
      the plasma membrane. Hamster fibroblasts, human lymphocytes, and human
      granulocytes were subjected to a graded freeze-thaw stress in the absence of
      cryoprotective compound by cooling at -1 degree C/min to a temperature between 
      10 and -40 degrees C, and then were either warmed directly in water at 37 degrees
      C or cooled rapidly to -196 degrees C before rapid warming. Mitochondrial
      function in the cells was then assessed using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5
      diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT), fluorescein diacetate (FDA), colony growth,
      and osmometric response in a hypertonic solution. Cells behaved as osmometers
      after cooling at -1 degree C/min to low temperatures at which there were no
      responses measured by other assays, indicating that the plasma membrane is not a
      primary site for injury sustained during slow cooling. These results also
      indicate that the FDA test does not measure membrane integrity, but reflects the
      permeability of the channels through which fluorescein leaves the cells. Fewer
      cells could respond osmotically after cooling under conditions where
      intracellular freezing was likely, implying that the plasma membrane is directly
      damaged by the conditions leading to intracellular freezing. A general model of
      freezing injury to nucleated mammalian cells is proposed in which disruption of
      the lysosomes constitutes the primary lesion in cells cooled under conditions
      where the cells are dehydrated at low temperatures.

PMID- 3396385
TI  - Ovicidal effects of vitrification solution and the vitrification-warming cycle
      and establishment of the proportion of toxic effects on nuclei and cytoplasm of
      mouse zygotes.
AB  - The present study was conducted to compare the resistance of the nuclei with that
      of the cytoplasm of mouse zygotes to damage during the vitrification-warming
      cycle using the technique of pronuclear transplantation. Zygotes were collected
      from the oviduct of superovulated F1 female mice mated with males of the same
      strain. They were cryopreserved by the vitrification method. After being diluted
      with glycerol-sucrose PB1 solution, 86% of the recovered zygotes were
      morphologically normal and 80% of them developed to the two-cell stage in vitro,
      but the proportion of zygotes which developed to blastocysts was only 27%. When
      zygotes were exposed to VS1 solution in the same manner as above without cooling,
      61% of them developed to blastocysts. In order to examine the source of injury
      during vitrification, the pronuclei of vitrified zygotes were transferred into
      enucleated fresh zygotes and vice versa. The developmental rate of blastocysts
      from vitrified zygotes that were enucleated and fused with pronuclei from fresh
      zygotes was significantly higher than that of zygotes reconstituted reversely.
      These findings suggest that nuclei are apparently damaged more than cytoplasm by
      the vitrification-warming cycle and the toxicity of VS1 solution.

PMID- 3396386
TI  - Effects of short-term cold exposure on pineal biosynthetic function in rats.
AB  - In light of recent studies demonstrating stress-induced changes in pineal
      indoleamine metabolism, we tested the effect of acute cold stress on pineal
      biosynthetic function. Adult male rats were subjected to 30, 60, or 120 min of
      cold exposure (Ta = 2 degrees C) during either the light or dark phase of the
      daily photoperiodic cycle. Controls were kept at room temperature (22 +/- 2
      degrees C). Animals were killed by decapitation and pineals were analyzed by
      radioimmunoassay for melatonin content and by radioenzymeassay for the activity
      of N-acetyltransferase (NAT). Cold exposure during the day elicited no
      significant changes in pineal indoleamine metabolism. Exposure to cold for 1 hr
      during the second hour after lights off slightly increased pineal melatonin
      content, without a concomitant change in NAT activity. Rats exposed to 2 hr of
      cold beginning 2 hr after lights off, however, displayed a 50% reduction in NAT
      activity, whereas pineal melatonin content remained unchanged. The paradoxical
      response of pineal NAT activity and melatonin content are not uncommon when rats
      are exposed to adverse stimuli.

PMID- 3396387
TI  - Ketanserin modulates rabbit foot cooling in the presence or absence of exogenous
      serotonin.
AB  - Since hypothermic conditions augment sensitivity to vasoactive amines like
      serotonin (5-HT) and 5-HT is associated with the etiology of Raynaud's
      phenomenon, this amine perhaps plays a role in cold-induced vasoconstriction. To
      determine if 5-HT participated in normal peripheral cooling and if ketanserin
      (KET), a 5-HT blocker, modulated such cooling, four groups of New Zealand white
      rabbits (N = 33) were studied. The femoral artery was cannulated to allow
      perfusion of a hindlimb. Thermistors were implanted in the footpad and rectum.
      The hindfoot was exposed to a 15 degrees C bath for 30 min, while footpad and
      rectal temperatures were recorded. During cold exposure, 5-HT (5 x 10(-2) M,
      group 1), KET (0.1 mg/kg) + 5-HT (group 2), KET (group 3), or saline (group 4)
      was perfused through the hindlimb. Groups 2 and 3 were also pretreated with KET
      (0.1 mg/kg perfused over 30 min). The rabbit footpad cooled rapidly when exposed
      to exogenous 5-HT (group 1). KET treatment in the presence of exogenous 5-HT
      (group 2) was associated with a significantly (P less than 0.05) reduced cooling
      rate. KET treatment in the absence of exogenous 5-HT (group 3) was also
      associated with a significantly (P less than 0.05) elevated limb temperature when
      compared to controls (group 4). This suggested that endogenous 5-HT participated
      in limb cooling. Therefore, as noted for Raynaud's disease, 5-HT may also
      influence peripheral cooling of tissues free of such pathologies.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3396388
TI  - Cryopreservation of sperm from the marine shrimp Sicyonia ingentis.
AB  - Sperm from a marine shrimp, Sicyonia ingentis, were frozen to -196 degrees C
      using a variety of cooling rates and cryoprotectants. A cooling rate of 1 degree
      C/min resulted in minimal cell breakage. Sperm samples were frozen in solutions
      of known membrane stabilizers--trehalose, sucrose, proline, and glycerol. These
      compounds were somewhat effective but a dramatic increase in sperm viability was
      seen when DMSO was present in the freezing medium. Sperm viability was assessed
      using the in vitro acrosome reaction technique of Griffin et al. (1987). The
      highest sperm survival (56%) was obtained with samples frozen at 1 degrees C/min
      in a 5% (v/v) DMSO solution. No decrease in viability was seen in sperm samples
      stored in liquid nitrogen (-196 degrees C) for 1 month.

PMID- 3396389
TI  - The mechanism of cryoprotection of proteins by solutes.
AB  - We have tested the capacity of 28 different compounds to protect lactate
      dehydrogenase from damage during freeze-thawing. These solutes come from very
      dissimilar chemical classes including sugars, polyols, amino acids, methylamines,
      and lyotropic salts. All the compounds tested, except NaCl, protected the enzyme,
      to varying degrees, from inactivation. The only characteristic that these
      compounds have in common, as a group, is that they have all been shown to be
      preferentially excluded from contact with the surface of proteins in aqueous
      solution. It has been demonstrated previously (via thermodynamic arguments) that
      this interaction of solutes with proteins leads to the stabilization of proteins
      in nonfrozen, aqueous systems. Conversely, those solutes, e.g., urea and
      guanidine HCl, that bind to proteins destabilize proteins in solution, and we
      have found that they also enhanced the inactivation of lactate dehydrogenase
      during freeze-thawing. Based on the results of our freeze-thawing experiments and
      a review of the theory of protein stabilization in nonfrozen, aqueous solution we
      propose that the cryoprotection afforded to isolated proteins by solutes can be
      accounted for by the fact that these solutes are preferentially excluded from
      contact with the protein's surface.

PMID- 3396390
TI  - Dependence of trehalose protective action on the initial phase state of
      dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine bilayers.
AB  - Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) bilayers hydrated in the presence of
      trehalose were equilibrated at various temperatures (4, 20, and 60 degrees C)
      corresponding to the crystalline Lc, gel L beta', and liquid-crystalline L alpha
      phases, respectively, and then desiccated at these temperatures or freeze-dried
      at -80 degrees C to ca. DPPC dihydrate. The thermotropic behavior of the
      resulting DPPC/trehalose mixtures was investigated by differential scanning
      calorimetry and found to be dependent not only on the trehalose concentration but
      also on the phase state of the hydrated bilayers prior to their drying. Trehalose
      was most effective when the desiccation was carried out from the L alpha phase at
      60 degrees C. In this case, one trehalose molecule per two DPPC molecules was
      sufficient to depress the melting temperature from values typical of DPPC
      dihydrate to 45 degrees C. Trehalose's influence decreased when dried from the L
      beta' phase and was significantly less pronounced when dried from the Lc phase.
      These data show that trehalose's protective influence depends on the initial
      phase state of the lipid bilayer and reaches its maximum in the liquid
      crystalline state. The possible role of this effect in anhydrobiosis is pointed
      out.

PMID- 3396391
TI  - Sleep apnea and auto crashes. What is the doctor to do?

PMID- 3396392
TI  - Routine oximetry. A fifth vital sign?

PMID- 3396393
TI  - Predicting weaning outcome.

PMID- 3396395
TI  - Ethics in cardiopulmonary medicine.

PMID- 3396394
TI  - Routine screening for tuberculosis on hospital admission.

PMID- 3396396
TI  - Comparison of standard weaning parameters and the mechanical work of breathing in
      mechanically ventilated patients.
AB  - Standard bedside criteria of respiratory mechanical capability and the mechanical
      work of spontaneous breathing were measured in 17 mechanically ventilated
      patients. Eleven patients were extubated within 24 hs of study and required only
      a brief period of mechanical ventilation (group 1). Group 2 consisted of six
      patients requiring more prolonged ventilator support. Group 1 patients met three
      of four bedside criteria; seven patients met all four. Five of six patients in
      group 2 also satisfied three of four standard criteria while ventilator
      dependent, whereas only two patients satisfied all four when successfully
      weaning. As group 2 patients progressed from unsuccessful to successful weaning
      there was no consistent improvement in bedside criteria; however, measures of
      work did significantly improve. Hence, satisfaction of bedside mechanical weaning
      criteria is associated with weaning success in patients requiring brief
      mechanical ventilation. In patients requiring prolonged ventilation, work may be
      a better indicator of successful weaning.

PMID- 3396398
TI  - Double vs single balloon technique for aortic balloon valvuloplasty.
AB  - Percutaneous aortic valvuloplasty using a single dilating balloon has been
      associated with significant but modest reduction in transvalvular pressure
      gradient and increase in valve area. The balloon diameter is usually 20 mm or
      smaller to avoid disruption of aortic root structure and to permit forward blood
      flow during inflation. To evaluate the safety and efficacy of valvuloplasty using
      a combination of balloons with larger maximum inflated diameters, we compared
      results of aortic valvuloplasty in 21 patients using either the single or double
      balloon technique. Mean maximum inflated balloon diameter was 19.4 mm +/- 1.4 for
      the single balloon technique, while the mean sum of diameters for the
      simultaneous double balloon technique was 36.3 mm +/- 3.9. The mean age, aortic
      annulus diameter, and predilatation aortic valve area were not different among
      groups. Mean aortic transvalvular gradient reduction and mean aortic valve area
      increase were greater for the double balloon technique. The procedure was well
      tolerated with no major complications. No change in the degree of aortic
      regurgitation was noted. The double balloon technique for aortic valvuloplasty is
      safe and more effective at improving aortic valve area and transvalvular gradient
      than the conventional single balloon technique.

PMID- 3396397
TI  - Is routine assessment of arterial oxygen saturation in pulmonary outpatients
      indicated?
AB  - Pulse oximetry was used in 1,675 pulmonary outpatient visits to determine whether
      routine assessment of arterial oxygen saturation was indicated in detecting
      unanticipated severe desaturation. An SaO2 less than 85 percent was found in only
      18 visits (1.1 percent). Changes in symptoms, pulmonary function or both which
      alerted the clinician to a possible problem were identified in 16 of those 18
      visits. Only two episodes of desaturation were not identified by history or
      simple spirometric evaluation. Routine pulse oximetry does not appear to be of
      value in screening large numbers of pulmonary outpatients for unexpected
      desaturation, since it is uncommon in the absence of associated clinical
      findings.

PMID- 3396399
TI  - Pulmonary complications of intravenous drug abuse. Experience at an inner-city
      hospital.
AB  - Fifty-one intravenous drug abusers were evaluated by a pulmonary consultative
      team over a 22-month period at a large inner city hospital. The most common
      pulmonary complication was septic pulmonary embolism, seen in 12 patients (23.5
      percent). Community-acquired pneumonia was diagnosed in ten patients (19.6
      percent). Mycobacterium tuberculosis occurred in five patients (9.8 percent).
      Although 25 of 40 patients (63 percent) tested for human immunodeficiency virus
      antibody were positive, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) was present in
      only five patients (9.8 percent). Bronchoscopy was used to evaluate pulmonary
      infiltrates in 15 of 51 cases (29 percent). Common bacterial infections and
      tuberculosis remain the most frequently encountered pulmonary problems in drug
      abusers, despite the onset of the AIDS epidemic.

PMID- 3396400
TI  - Noninvasive detection of respiratory failure in the intensive care unit.
AB  - We investigated the utility of a noninvasive respiratory inductive plethysmograph
      (RIP) to continuously monitor and record the breathing pattern of 44 patients who
      had been mechanically ventilated. Seven patients deteriorated on intermittent
      mandatory ventilatory rate of zero; seven deteriorated within 48 h following
      extubation; 30 were successfully extubated. Respiratory alternans was documented
      by RIP in 11 patients who failed whereas it was absent in all other patients.
      Respiratory rates in the 14 failure patients increased when compared with rates
      one hour before clinical deterioration and with rates of 30 patients who were
      successfully extubated. Total compartmental displacement/tidal volume increased
      in every patient who developed respiratory failure. Changes in the breathing
      pattern, specifically onset of rib cage-abdominal asynchrony, can be diagnosed
      noninvasively, thus alerting the clinical staff prior to onset of overt
      respiratory failure and arrest.

PMID- 3396402
TI  - Balloon occlusion of the carotid artery for the angiographic visualization of
      Blalock-Taussig shunts and pulmonary arteries.
AB  - We describe the use of a balloon catheter to occlude the right or left carotid
      artery as a way of directing contrast material to the pulmonary arteries. This
      procedure was carried out in the postoperative study of 14 children who had
      undergone a Blalock-Taussig shunt. The method was reliable, and the angiograms
      provided excellent visualization of the pulmonary arteries using only small
      volumes of contrast material.

PMID- 3396401
TI  - The acute effect of an oral "inotropic" placebo on the exercise capacity of
      patients with chronic cardiac failure.
AB  - Uncontrolled studies have suggested that the newer oral phosphodiesterase
      inhibitors milrinone and enoximone acutely improve exercise performance in
      patients with severe chronic cardiac failure. To determine whether an oral
      placebo presented as an inotropic agent could acutely enhance exercise capacity,
      two separate groups of stable heart failure patients were studied by serial
      exercise testing and respiratory gas exchange analysis. Group 1 had nine patients
      studied four hours after a single oral dose of placebo, and group 2 had ten
      patients retested after one to two weeks of placebo therapy. No significant
      change was seen in the mean exercise time, mean peak oxygen consumption, and the
      mean oxygen consumption at anaerobic threshold after placebo administration in
      both group 1 and group 2 patients. Improvements in exercise time, peak oxygen
      consumption, and oxygen consumption at anaerobic threshold occurred in five
      patients in group 1 and seven patients in group 2. The improvements exceeded the
      baseline variability of 10 percent in three group 1 patients. Among group 2
      patients, the increase in exercise time, peak oxygen consumption, and oxygen
      consumption at anaerobic threshold exceeded 10 percent in six, four, and four
      patients, respectively. Thus, stable chronic heart failure patients can achieve a
      true baseline exercise capacity. Small improvements in exercise performance seen
      acutely after oral inotropic drug therapy in individual heart failure patients
      must be interpreted with caution, as they may be due to a placebo effect.

PMID- 3396403
TI  - Bronchoalveolar lavage in the normal volunteer subject. I. Technical aspects and
      intersubject variability.
AB  - To investigate subject-to-subject variability in commonly used parameters from
      bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), we analyzed the results of BAL from 78 consecutive
      normal volunteer subjects. The BAL was performed using three, 40 ml aliquots of
      normal saline solution, in a lingular subsegment. The same diameter bronchoscope
      (4.8 mm) was used and BAL was performed and analyzed identically in all subjects.
      While the percentage of lavageate returned was relatively consistent from subject
      to subject (63.4 +/- 10.8 percent, mean +/- SD), there was marked variability in
      the number of cells obtained (7.3 +/- 3.9 X 10(6)). While low returns were
      generally associated with a diminished cell recovery, in the range of normal
      percentage returned, there was no correlation with the number recovered. There
      was no correlation of cell number or percent lavageate returned with gender,
      height, or any lung volume (as determined on pulmonary function tests). There was
      relatively little variability in differential analysis of recovered cells. The
      BAL was well tolerated by all subjects; the chest roentgenogram was found to be
      of little utility in screening normal subjects, but pulmonary function testing
      detected obstructive lung disease in three potential subjects leading to their
      disqualification as "normal." Our experience confirms the safety of
      bronchoalveolar lavage in normal volunteer subjects. We report the BAL results
      that can be expected for research or clinical comparison using a protocol
      described in detail. The variability of cell numbers from BAL, even under these
      controlled conditions, precludes the routine use of this measurement from BAL
      performed for clinical purposes.

PMID- 3396404
TI  - Bronchoalveolar lavage in the normal volunteer subject. 2. Safety and results of
      repeated BAL, and use in the assessment of intrasubject variability.
AB  - To investigate the safety of repeated bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and the
      variability of commonly measured parameters from BAL to BAL in the same subject,
      we performed a total of 59 BALs in 16 normal volunteer subjects. The BAL was
      performed with 120 ml (three aliquots of 40 ml) of room temperature, normal
      saline in a lingular subsegment. Four subjects had five BAL, three had four BAL,
      and nine had three BAL performed at minimal intervals of six weeks. The BAL
      analysis included percentage of lavageate returned, cell number, and percentage
      of alveolar macrophages, lymphocytes, neutrophils and eosinophils. Relatively
      similar percentages of lavageate were returned on each lavage. There was
      considerable variability in the cell numbers obtained both within and between
      subjects, although some subjects had consistently high, low, or normal cell
      numbers returned from each lavage. Cell differential was the most consistent
      parameter on repeated BAL analyses, but isolated "abnormal" elevations in the
      percentage of one or another cell type were occasionally noted. These were
      unrelated to either the number or relative sequence of the BALs. Pulmonary
      function tests performed both before and after the repeated BAL showed no
      significant change and participants noted no subjective deterioration in
      pulmonary function. This study supports the safety of repeated BALs in the normal
      subject, but the variability in cell numbers obtained and isolated, "abnormal"
      elevations of inflammatory cells occasionally noted in this normal population
      indicate that BAL parameters in patients need to be interpreted with extreme
      caution.

PMID- 3396405
TI  - Hyperinflation in asthma and emphysema. Assessment by pulmonary function testing
      and computed tomography.
AB  - To assess the role of emphysema on the hyperinflation in chronic asthma, we
      studied 20 subjects with irreversible airflow limitation. Ten of the subjects had
      asthma and had never smoked; the other ten were cigarette smokers. Pulmonary
      function testing and chest computed tomography (CT) scans were performed on all
      subjects. Emphysema was graded using a score based on the percentage of lung
      involved on CT scan. There was good inter- and intra-observer agreement for the
      emphysema scores. The median emphysema score was 0 percent in the nonsmoking
      group and 10 percent in the smoking group. All smokers with a total lung capacity
      (TLC) of greater than 120 percent predicted had evidence of emphysema on the CT
      scan. None of the asthmatic subjects with a TLC greater than 120 percent
      predicted had emphysema identifiable on CT scan. We conclude that chronic asthma
      with severe hyperinflation does not result in emphysema.

PMID- 3396406
TI  - The effect of cigarette smoking on the pattern of coronary atherosclerosis. A
      case-control study.
AB  - Cigarette smoking is a risk factor for development of coronary atherosclerosis.
      We examined the relationship between smoking and the anatomic location of
      coronary artery stenosis in 8,705 patients undergoing cardiac catheterization for
      suspected coronary artery disease (CAD). The smoking history of patients with CAD
      (greater than or equal to 70 percent stenosis) was compared with that of control
      subjects (0 percent stenosis) for each of nine anatomic locations (proximal,
      middle, and distal segments of right [RCA], anterior descending [LAD], and
      circumflex arteries [LCX]), using a case-control method. The odds ratio (OR)
      estimate of relative risk of CAD for smokers relative to nonsmokers was 2.8, with
      a 95 percent confidence interval (CI) of 2.5 to 3.1. Relative risk was greater
      for RCA stenosis (OR = 5.8; CI = 4.6-7.2) than for LCX (OR = 3.5; CI = 2.7-4.5)
      or LAD (OR = 2.1; CI = 1.8-2.4) lesions when comparing smokers with nonsmokers.
      After control for age, gender, history of diabetes mellitus, and serum
      cholesterol level, the adjusted relative risk for an RCA lesion (Mantel-Haenszel
      odds ratio [MOR] = 4.9) was significantly elevated (p less than 0.05) compared
      with the LAD (MOR = 1.9) but not with the LCX (MOR = 3.1). The relative risks of
      CAD were the same (p greater than 0.05) for the proximal, middle, and distal
      coronary segments. Thus, smoking increased the risk of all coronary lesions but
      did so more for the RCA than for other vessels, suggesting a spatial pattern to
      the increased risk produced by smoking.

PMID- 3396407
TI  - Precordial T-wave polarity changes in acute inferior infarction. A poor indicator
      of associated disease of the left anterior descending coronary artery.
AB  - T-wave polarity in V1 to V3 was examined in 70 patients with acute inferior wall
      myocardial infarctions (IWMI) as an indicator of significant disease in the left
      anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). Fifty-three percent (37/70) had
      precordial T-wave inversions, and of these 38 percent (14/37) had
      angiographically significant LAD disease. Conversely, 47 percent (33/70) had
      upright T waves in V1 to V3, and of these, 52 percent (17/33) had significant LAD
      disease. Likewise, 41 percent of the patients with ST segment depression in V1 to
      V3 had significant LAD disease, while 50 percent of those with isoelectric ST
      segments were similarly affected. Finally only 39 percent of those patients with
      both precordial ST segment depression and T-wave inversion had significant LAD
      disease. We conclude that neither anterior ST depression, T-wave inversion, nor a
      combination of both is a sensitive or specific indicator of LAD disease in
      patients with acute IWMI.

PMID- 3396409
TI  - Pulmonary function of nonsmoking patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - The pulmonary function of 70 nonsmoking patients with systemic lupus
      erythematosus (SLE) was evaluated, and the results were compared with those of 70
      age- and sex-matched, nonsmoking healthy individuals. Isolated reduction of
      carbon monoxide diffusing lung capacity (DCO), usually subclinical, was the most
      commonly detected functional abnormality in the SLE population, whereas it was
      absent in the comparison group. Isolated small airways disease (SAD) was observed
      in a relatively high percentage of patients, but not significantly different from
      that in the healthy people. Restrictive and obstructive patterns were very
      unusual in the SLE people and absent in the members of the comparison group.
      Finally, normal lung function was seen in the majority of the latter, but only in
      one third of the lupus patients. Subclinical respiratory dysfunction, most
      commonly expressed as diminished DCO, is a common feature of SLE.

PMID- 3396408
TI  - Nocturnal hypotension in older men with sleep-related breathing disorders.
AB  - Sleeping and awake blood pressures were related to sleep oxygenation and awake
      control of breathing in hypertensive and normotensive older men. During sleep,
      episodes of both hypertension and hypotension were observed, but hypotension was
      prominent. Five of 26 subjects exhibited episodes with a minimum mean arterial
      pressure of 60 mm Hg or less. These hypotensive episodes were associated with
      hemoglobin desaturation below 80 percent, secondary to sleep-related breathing
      disorders, and elevated supine nasopharyngeal airway resistance. Hypotensive
      subjects were habitual snorers. Waking hypertension was not associated with sleep
      related breathing disorders in this older sample. In some older persons with
      sleep-related breathing disorders, sympathetic reflexes may be impaired,
      permitting hypotension and risk of circulatory failure. Epidemiologic evidence
      supports the hypothesis that this mechanism can explain the elevated incidence of
      cerebral infarction during sleep.

PMID- 3396411
TI  - Calibration of the respiratory inductive plethysmograph with the single position
      graphic technique. Accuracy in different behavior states in lambs.
AB  - Respiratory inductive plethysmography (RIP) can measure breathing patterns
      noninvasively. Calibration is required for rib cage and abdomen transducers
      utilizing breaths with different compartment contribution correlated with tidal
      volume measured by integrated pneumotachography (PNT). This study was performed
      to determine if RIP remains accurate during sleep states following calibration in
      the quietly awake state. We used our single position graphic calibration
      technique (SPG) to calculate gain factors in seven tracheostomized lambs.
      Validation of gain factors was accomplished by comparing tidal volume obtained
      simultaneously by RIP and PNT during quiet wakefulness (QW), quiet sleep (QS) and
      active sleep (AS). Results of the study showed that RIP was accurately calibrated
      during QW. Accuracy was decreased during QS and AS.

PMID- 3396410
TI  - Long-term follow-up of partial atrioventricular septal defect repair in adults.
AB  - Patients presenting with partial atrioventricular septal (PAVC) defects in
      adulthood are rare. Eight adult patients with this congenital heart defect who
      had surgical repair are described, along with their long-term postoperative
      follow-up data. Average age at operation was 48 years, and average follow-up was
      13.4 years. There was no operative mortality. All but one patient were in NYHA
      functional class 1 or 2 postoperatively. Three patients had suffered late onset
      of progressive mitral regurgitation leading to severe congestive heart failure 15
      to 25 years postoperatively. The number of adult patients with repaired PAVC
      defects who have eventual mitral valve deterioration may be higher than estimated
      in the current literature. Because of the unpredictability of mitral valve
      function, lifelong follow-up should be stressed in these patients.

PMID- 3396412
TI  - Carbon monoxide diffusing capacity in asthmatic patients with mild airflow
      limitation.
AB  - The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that carbon monoxide diffusing
      capacity (DCO) is elevated in asthmatic patients with minimal airflow limitation
      and/or hyperinflation; the latter factors should reduce the possibility of
      technical errors in the measurement of DCO. In ten asthmatic and ten healthy
      subjects, DCO and its components, membrane diffusing capacity (Dm) and pulmonary
      capillary blood volume (Qc) were measured by the single-breath method. Values
      were normalized for alveolar volume (VA). The mean DCO/VA was higher in the
      asthma groups as was the Qc/VA. The Dm/Qc was also higher in the asthma group. In
      the asthmatic but not the healthy subjects, both DCO/VA and Qc/VA were negatively
      correlated with the forced expiratory flow at 50 percent of vital capacity and
      peak inspiratory flow rate. Thus, DCO/VA may be increased in asthmatic patients
      with only mild airflow limitation; this may be due to an elevated capillary blood
      volume.

PMID- 3396413
TI  - Early emphysema. Ten years' evolution.
AB  - In this study, functional evolution over ten years was evaluated in 13 patients
      with early emphysema. The diagnosis was made on the basis of a decrease in single
      breath DCO (55 +/- 14 percent predicted, mean +/- 1 SD), a loss of elastic recoil
      (CL,st = 0.76 +/- 0.25 L/cm H2O), and only minor airway obstruction (FEV1 = 87 +/
      13 percent predicted, Sgaw = 0.09 +/- 0.04 cm H2O-1.s-1), and compatible chest
      radiographs. During the ten years, there was a decrease in FEV1 of 0.89 +/- 0.40
      L p less than 0.001), with a range of 0.20 to 1.55 L (which could not clearly be
      related to smoking habits or to initial lung function), a decrease in elastic
      recoil (p less than 0.05, with a decrease of Ptp, TLC by 6 +/- 7 cm H2O; p
      approximately equal to 0.05), an increase in TLC of 0.46 +/- 0.80 1 (p
      approximately equal to 0.05), and in RV/TLC of 9 +/- 3 percent (p less than
      0.001). The resistance of the upstream segment (ratio Ptp/Vmax) increased
      slightly but generally remained within normal limits. In conclusion, patients
      with early emphysema resemble those with classic COPD, with a mean yearly decline
      in FEV1 similar to that in COPD.

PMID- 3396414
TI  - Lung collagen metabolism and the clinical course of hypersensitivity pneumonitis.
AB  - We studied lung collagen metabolism in 18 patients with hypersensitivity
      pneumonitis to determine if changes at this level could explain the different
      clinical courses followed by these patients. Collagen concentration, biosynthesis
      and degradation were measured in lung tissue samples obtained before treatment.
      Four patients healed, eight improved and six did not improve or worsened. All
      patients who healed showed an important increase in collagenolysis; patients who
      improved had normal or high values, but significantly less than those obtained in
      patients who healed. Finally, five out of the six patients who did not improve or
      worsened had a significant decrease in degradation. These findings support the
      notion that a diminution of local collagenolysis may play a role in the
      progression to fibrosis in some patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis and
      can also be a useful tool to predict the prognosis of this disease.

PMID- 3396415
TI  - Cardiopulmonary effects of enprofylline. A xanthine with weak adenosine receptor
      antagonism in patients with severe chronic lung disease.
AB  - The acute cardiovascular effects of a new xanthine, enprofylline, were studied in
      patients with chronic lung disease. The studies were done during cardiac
      catheterization (n = 12) and by radionuclide ventriculography (n = 6).
      Enprofylline was given intravenously, 2 mg/kg, and measurements were done after
      ten and 30 min. Enprofylline reduced the mean pulmonary artery pressure from 30
      +/- 10 to 26 +/- 7 mm Hg (p less than 0.05) and the mean systemic arterial
      pressure from 92 +/- 17 to 83 +/- 15 mm Hg (p less than 0.01), increased the
      heart rate from 89 +/- 15 to 100 +/- 18 beats/min (p less than 0.01) and reduced
      the stroke volume from 55 +/- 12 to 48 +/- 12 ml (p less than 0.05) after 30 min.
      Radionuclide ventriculography revealed unchanged ejection fraction of left and
      right ventricles after enprofylline. None of the patients experienced serious
      side effects of the drug. Thus, enprofylline induced modest acute cardiovascular
      effects with a chronotropic response together with a small vasodilation in
      pulmonary and systemic circulation.

PMID- 3396416
TI  - Comparison of light and electron microscopy for defining occupational asbestos
      exposure in transbronchial lung biopsies.
AB  - Since asbestos burden in the lung can very among areas, the usefulness of small
      tissue samples for identifying past occupational exposure is examined. Simulated
      transbronchial biopsy samples and open lung biopsy samples were collected from
      autopsy material from 12 former amosite asbestos workers and ten persons from the
      general population. Tissue evaluation included (1) paraffin embedment and light
      microscopy screening for fibrosis and ferruginous bodies, and (2) tissue
      digestion, which was analyzed by the combination of (A) light microscopy
      screening for ferruginous bodies and (B) electron microscopy (EM) screening for
      uncoated fibers. Using standard pathology techniques to classify the small
      samples was generally unsuccessful, the samples being too small or their size
      compounding other random sampling problems. The most reliable method of
      establishing which transbronchial biopsy tissue samples were from the
      occupationally exposed group occurred when light and EM analyses were used to
      evaluate digested tissue. The combined data from the EM analysis of two samples
      per subject indicated controls had two or fewer observed asbestos fibers, while
      the amosite asbestos workers had six or more fibers. This distinction was valid
      even in those who, 21 years before sampling, had worked for only a few weeks in
      the asbestos plant.

PMID- 3396417
TI  - Theophylline effect on the cerebral blood flow response to hypoxemia.
AB  - Cerebral oxygen delivery (CO2D) remains nearly constant over a wide range of
      cerebral perfusion pressure and arterial oxygen content. In response to a
      decrease in arterial oxygen content secondary to hypoxemia, cerebral blood flow
      (CBF) increases, a response likely mediated by the release of adenosine. We
      studied the effect of theophylline, a potent adenosine antagonist, on CBF and
      cerebral oxygen delivery (CO2D) during hypoxemia in five healthy adult male
      volunteers. The CBF was measured using 133Xe clearance under conditions of (1)
      normoxemia (O2 saturation greater than 95 percent); (2) hypoxemia (O2 saturation
      = 80 percent); (3) normoxemia following aminophylline (the ethylene diamine salt
      of theophylline) 6 mg/kg intravenously; and (4) hypoxemia following
      aminophylline. Aminophylline decreased CBF and CO2D during both normoxemia and
      hypoxemia, but did not prevent the increase in CBF accompanying hypoxemia,
      suggesting that the increase in CBF in response to hypoxemia may not be mediated
      by adenosine or that customary doses of aminophylline are insufficient to inhibit
      adenosine-mediated cerebral vasodilation in response to hypoxemia. The
      significant decrease in CBF and CO2D observed following aminophylline is
      potentially clinically important and should be considered in the selection of
      bronchodilator therapy.

PMID- 3396418
TI  - Coccidioidomycosis during pregnancy. An analysis of ten cases among 47,120
      pregnancies.
AB  - Previous studies have suggested that coccidioidomycosis during pregnancy is a
      devastating illness associated with high maternal mortality. However, this
      concept recently has been challenged. We examined the incidence of
      coccidioidomycosis during pregnancy in Tucson, Arizona, an area endemic for this
      infection. After reviewing the records of three separate health care facilities,
      we found ten cases of coccidioidomycosis among 47,120 pregnancies. Nine of the
      ten women had no underlying disease. Seven were diagnosed with coccidioidomycosis
      during either the first or second trimester. Illness resolved in all seven. Three
      other patients were diagnosed during the first ten days postpartum. While
      infection was self-limited in one woman, two others developed severe disseminated
      coccidioidomycosis associated with meningitis. Despite this, there were no
      maternal deaths. Of eight deliveries, all were uncomplicated and produced healthy
      infants. In summary, diagnosing coccidioidomycosis during pregnancy is rare.
      Although we observed no maternal death, our experience suggests that women who
      develop coccidioidomycosis late in pregnancy are at risk for developing severe
      disseminated infection.

PMID- 3396419
TI  - Application of probability analysis in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease.
AB  - The accuracy and applicability of probability analysis to the diagnosis of
      coronary artery disease is still an open question. Although earlier criticisms
      are well taken, much of the resistance to the application of probability analysis
      is based on tradition, rather than logic. Probabilistic algorithms, like any new
      technology, must be researched and developed and then withstand the test of time.
      They should not be dismissed simply because they are not traditional. On the
      other hand, probability analysis in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease must
      not be accepted just because it is attractive or because it appears to simplify
      clinical decisions. Application of probabilistic approaches should depend on
      their accuracy. There is evidence that results of tests and clinical data are not
      statistically independent. There is also evidence that sensitivities and
      specificities derived from pooled literature cannot be appropriately applied to
      just any patient in a particular institution. This is due to variability in the
      population of patients, a lack of standardization of testing methods, and
      methodologic problems in reporting results of sensitivities and specificities. In
      a large institution, where probabilistic formulae can be derived with some degree
      of confidence, probability analysis has an application today. Discriminant
      functions will be more accurate than Bayesian formulas, but whatever method one
      chooses, one must be certain that the parameters used are appropriate. Where the
      institution is not large enough to generate such a data base, there is presently
      no accurate approach to the estimation of the probability of coronary disease.

PMID- 3396420
TI  - Coffee drinking and prevalence of bronchial asthma.
AB  - The relationship between coffee consumption and the prevalence of bronchial
      asthma has been evaluated using data from the 1983 Italian National Health
      Survey, based on 72,284 individuals aged over 15 years randomly selected within
      strata of geographic area, size of the place of residence and of the household in
      order to be representative of the whole Italian population. The prevalence of
      bronchial asthma was inversely related with the level of coffee intake. Compared
      with subjects who did not drink coffee, the age- and sex-adjusted relative risks
      were 0.95 for one cup, 0.77 for two and 0.72 for three or more cups per day. This
      inverse relation was of comparable magnitude at younger and older ages, not
      explainable through selection, since the sample was representative of the general
      Italian population and the participation rate was 93.4 percent, or through
      confounding by several identified potential distorting factors. Thus, the results
      of this survey provide epidemiologic confirmation of previous clinical
      observations that caffeine intake has a bronchodilator effect in asthma, and
      indirectly suggest that long-term moderate coffee consumption may not only reduce
      symptoms, but also prevent the clinical manifestation of bronchial asthma. An
      alternative explanation of these findings is that subjects receiving treatment
      for asthma might tend to reduce their coffee consumption, in consequence of the
      side effects shared by sympathomimetics, theophylline and caffeine. Thus, further
      studies taking simultaneously into account methylxanthine intake from beverages
      and drug treatments are required before considering causal the apparent
      protection which emerged.

PMID- 3396421
TI  - Complex mass at right lung base.

PMID- 3396422
TI  - Paradoxic heart rate deceleration during exercise. Relationship to a mid-right
      coronary artery stenosis.
AB  - A patient developed paradoxic deceleration of his heart rate at a high exercise
      level. Angioplasty of a right coronary artery stenosis distal to the sinoatrial
      branch and institution of diltiazem therapy resulted in normal cardioacceleration
      during repeated exercise testing. This unique pathophysiologic response appears
      to be due to direct or indirect effects of ischemia.

PMID- 3396423
TI  - The total artificial heart. An ethics perspective on current clinical research
      and deployment.
AB  - The development of the total artificial heart (TAH) as a support before cardiac
      transplantation and as a possible permanent prosthesis has generated intense
      debate. The social commitment to TAH research entails immense health care costs
      because of the cost of the implant itself and also because of the large number of
      patients whose interests impel the research. The deployment of the pre-transplant
      TAH during the current shortage of donor hearts means that the TAH creates its
      own incentive as a way to compete in an expanded pool of donor heart candidates.
      Policies to address the orderly deployment and costs of the pretransplant TAH are
      needed. Research design and current pre-transplant clinical applications require
      careful consideration of planning for the termination of TAH support for severely
      injured but not brain dead patients.

PMID- 3396424
TI  - Some defenders of hyperbaric oxygen.

PMID- 3396425
TI  - Atrial tachycardia, 2:1 alternate Wenckebach periodicity, and atrial standstill.
AB  - A case of atrial tachycardia, 2:1 alternate Wenckebach periodicity and atrial
      standstill is reported in an 80-year-old woman who complained of exertional
      dyspnea and occasional syncope for two years. Two blocked P' waves appeared after
      each Wenckebach period suggesting type B alternating Wenckebach phenomenon
      (Mobitz type II 2:1 A-V block distal, and Wenckebach conduction proximal).

PMID- 3396426
TI  - Pulmonary sarcoidosis associated with Leydig cell testicular neoplasm.
AB  - The first case of association between Leydig cell testicular tumor and
      sarcoidosis is reported. From a review of the literature, this is the ninth case
      of association between a testicular tumor and Besnier's disease. Lung biopsy
      should always be performed in patients with testicular cancer when
      retroperitoneal lymph node involvement cannot be demonstrated in order to avoid
      unnecessary antineoplastic chemotherapy.

PMID- 3396427
TI  - Clinical suppression of refractory ventricular tachycardia with oral bretylium
      not predicted by electrophysiologic drug testing.
AB  - We report the findings in a patient in whom intravenous bretylium was the only
      effective agent to suppress refractory ventricular tachycardia and ventricular
      fibrillation. After attempts to switch the patient to amiodarone and bethanidine
      (an oral analogue of bretylium) caused proarrhythmic effects, he was successfully
      converted to oral therapy with bretylium. Electrophysiologic testing was not
      predictive of the clinical response from oral bretylium. To our knowledge, this
      is the first report of a proarrhythmic effect from bethanadine and it suggests a
      divergence in the actions of various class 3 antiarrhythmic agents.

PMID- 3396429
TI  - Sjogren's syndrome with multiple bullae and pulmonary nodular amyloidosis.
AB  - We treated a patient with Sjogren's syndrome associated with multiple bullae and
      pulmonary nodular amyloidosis, both of which were identified by open lung biopsy.
      The mechanism of bullae formation appeared to be narrowing of the airway, as a
      result of extensive inflammatory cell infiltration to the bronchiolar wall, which
      acted as the check valve mechanism. We believe this to be the first reported case
      of Sjogren's syndrome accompanied by these two pulmonary manifestations.

PMID- 3396428
TI  - Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the lung with intracranial metastases.
AB  - Discussed is the first roentgenographic and post-mortem description of a patient
      with mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the lung who presented with intracranial
      metastases. The patient's primary tumor eluded physical diagnosis and
      bronchoscopic delineation. The autopsy confirmed minimal tumor involvement of the
      bronchial wall despite bulky regional and distant metastases.

PMID- 3396430
TI  - Bronchoalveolar lavage-induced pneumothorax.
AB  - Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) has not been associated with the complication of
      pneumothorax. Candidates for this procedure are predisposed to develop
      pneumothorax due to underlying infectious interstitial emphysema. This risk
      factor is increased by the hyperbaric consequences of lavage and also by the
      cough induced by bronchoscopic examination. While BAL remains a useful diagnostic
      procedure, patients should be monitored for occurrence of pneumothorax.

PMID- 3396431
TI  - Fatal hemoptysis due to lung abscess and pulmoaortic fistula.
AB  - A 79-year-old man was hospitalized because of staphylococcal sepsis, and
      subsequently died from massive hemoptysis. Autopsy revealed a lung abscess which
      had eroded into the aorta. Severe atherosclerosis of the aorta may have been an
      important contributing factor.

PMID- 3396432
TI  - Color Doppler diagnosis of left ventricular pseudoaneurysm.
AB  - A patient underwent mitral valve replacement because of mitral insufficiency
      secondary to bacterial endocarditis. Early postoperatively, routine examination
      with "color Doppler" correctly identified the presence of a left ventricular
      pseudoaneurysm. To our knowledge, this is the first case of left ventricular
      pseudoaneurysm diagnosed by this new technique.

PMID- 3396434
TI  - Roentgenographic manifestation of pulmonary tuberculosis.

PMID- 3396433
TI  - Enhancement of theophylline clearance by intravenous albuterol.
AB  - Co-administration of intravenous albuterol and theophylline resulted in increased
      theophylline clearance in a child with severe asthma. This required a threefold
      increase in theophylline dosage to maintain therapeutic serum theophylline
      concentrations. The possible effect of intravenous albuterol on theophylline
      metabolism was further supported by a 50 percent decrease in theophylline
      clearance upon discontinuation of albuterol and a second increase in its
      clearance when albuterol was readministered. To the best of our knowledge, this
      is the first documentation of enhanced theophylline clearance by albuterol.

PMID- 3396436
TI  - The cost of lavage sample interpretation.

PMID- 3396435
TI  - Lysozyme level of pleural fluid.

PMID- 3396437
TI  - Antibiotic therapy of pulmonary infections in cystic fibrosis. Dosage schedules
      and duration of treatment.
AB  - General principles of dosage and duration of treatment with antibiotics in
      patients with cystic fibrosis are discussed. The antibiotic treatment policy of
      the Stockholm Center for Cystic Fibrosis is presented. This treatment policy is
      mainly based on antibiotic treatment of very mild symptoms with high-dosage,
      short-term (less than 2 weeks) courses using combined therapy. So far no problems
      with multiply resistant strains have developed. During the last 2 years,
      treatment has mainly been given at home without any complications being reported.

PMID- 3396438
TI  - Antibiotic treatment. Aerosol therapy.
AB  - Aerosol antibiotics in control studies have been shown to improve lung function
      and reduce the number of acute hospital admissions in patients with cystic
      fibrosis (CF). However, their administration is time-consuming in patients who
      must already take a large amount of medication daily. Aerosol antibiotics are
      expensive, but the cost is minimal compared with the cost of a hospital admission
      or intravenous antibiotics. When this method of administration of antibiotics
      first began to be widely used in the treatment of CF, there was much concern that
      hypersensitivity reactions might occur and that drug-resistant organisms would
      cause clinical problems. Minimal drug hypersensitivity has been reported, and
      there is no solid evidence that the small increase in resistance to some
      antibiotics associated with the use of aerosol antibiotics is in any way
      detrimental to the patients. These minor disadvantages must be weighed against
      the possible advantage of using aerosol antibiotics in any given clinical
      situation.

PMID- 3396439
TI  - Home treatment of pulmonary infection in cystic fibrosis.
AB  - The concept of home care therapy for acute respiratory exacerbations in cystic
      fibrosis (CF) has been developed in a number of treatment centers during the last
      few years. Objective and prospective clinical observations have demonstrated that
      home care therapy is as effective as structured hospital treatments in improving
      pulmonary function and body weight in patients with CF. Moreover, the medical,
      social, and financial benefits of home care suggest that such an approach to the
      management should be developed further in order to improve the quality of life of
      patients with CF.

PMID- 3396440
TI  - Pulmonary infection and antibiotic treatment in patients with cystic fibrosis.

PMID- 3396442
TI  - Child maltreatment coordinating committees for effective service delivery.
AB  - Previous research suggests the importance of multidisciplinary, interagency
      approaches in creating effective and efficient community service delivery systems
      for the prevention of child maltreatment. Despite both federal and state mandates
      for communitywide approaches to service coordination, however, multidisciplinary
      approaches have generally been untested or underutilized. This article reports a
      study of the most common mechanism--the community coordinating committee--and
      offers recommendations to help communities determine readiness for coordinating
      committee formation, most appropriate committee type and focus, and most
      effective operating conditions.

PMID- 3396441
TI  - Role perceptions of attorneys and caseworkers in child abuse cases in juvenile
      court.
AB  - A four-county Indiana survey of the vast majority (approximately 90%) of the
      attorneys and public agency caseworkers involved in court actions on child abuse
      cases revealed considerable conflict over each other's role. The survey
      replicated the method used in previous research, which had yielded distinctly
      positive and negative results. The author discusses particularities of the four
      county area and suggest ways to clarify roles and ameliorate the problem.

PMID- 3396443
TI  - A forum for foster children.
AB  - As part of a joint conference, foster children from five to 20 years of age
      attended a group session to explore their thoughts and feelings about foster
      care. The professional leaders reported their observations to a subsequent
      meeting of foster parents and caseworkers. The comments and behaviors of the
      children at this meeting were both illuminating and moving. Foster children must
      be heard.

PMID- 3396444
TI  - Paternity adjudication: in the best interests of the out-of-wedlock child.
AB  - Little effort has been exerted by health, social work, and education
      professionals in the arena of out-of-wedlock births to speak for the economic and
      psychological benefits that attach to the child's right to legal paternity. In
      the large majority of instances, no paternity adjudication is sought, and these
      children are deprived of their rights.

PMID- 3396445
TI  - Home-based, family-centered intervention: evaluation of a foster care prevention
      program.
AB  - A family service agency contributes to the growing literature on a new service
      area through an analysis of closed cases in its own home-based service program,
      and compares its findings with other published reports.

PMID- 3396446
TI  - [Monoclonal antibodies in the therapy of non-resectable pancreatic cancers.
      Initial experiences].
AB  - In this study 34 patients with pancreatic cancer were treated postoperatively
      with monoclonal antibodies (MABs). The antibody BW 494/32 is directed against a
      membrane antigen of differentiated adenocarcinomas of the pancreas and mediates
      cellular cytotoxicity. The patients suffered from non resectable tumors, mostly
      with lymph-node or liver metastases. The patients received repeated doses of MABs
      over a time period from 5 to 14 days. The highest single dose was 100 mg, the
      highest cumulative dose 490 mg. At the moment 16 out of 34 patients are eligible
      for evaluation of tumor response. There was no complete or partial remission
      (reduction more than 50% of tumor volume). However, two patients responded with
      minor tumor regression up to 32 weeks documented by reduction of liver metastases
      and primary tumor in cat scan. Five additional patients presented with a long
      period of stable disease after immunotherapy (up to 40 weeks). 9 patients had
      progressive tumor disease in spite of MAB-treatment. Two to three weeks after
      antibody infusion most patients produce human anti-murine-antibodies, so that
      severe allergic reactions may occur, if the application is repeated.

PMID- 3396447
TI  - [Routine gastroscopy before cholecystectomy].
AB  - We are of the opinion that the investigation of the upper gastrointestinal tract
      must precede an elective cholecystectomy. In a prospective study the value of
      preoperative oesophagogastroduodenoscopy preceding elective cholecystectomy is
      considered. 589 gastroscopies were performed in our endoscopy unit on 960
      patients coming to elective gallbladder surgery. Only in 56% of patients we
      detected no abnormalities. Our plan of therapy was changed in 113 patients
      (11.7%). 11 patients were discharged after conservative medical therapy (1.1%),
      in 31 cases simultaneous procedures were performed (3.2%). After additional
      medical treatment 71 patients came to elective cholecystectomy (7.4%).

PMID- 3396448
TI  - [Indications and results of surgical treatment of cavernous hemangioma of the
      liver].
AB  - Over a period of 6.5 years, 29 patients with liver hemangiomas have been
      examined. In 8 patients, the most frequent symptom was pain; in 11, a tumor was
      found. The diagnosis was made by means of scintigraphy with 99mTc, followed by
      real-time sonography, computed tomography using a contrast medium, and selective
      arteriography. In 16 patients (15 women, 1 man), the tumor radius was more than 6
      cm and in 9 of these, more than 10 cm. In 3 patients, a left lobectomy was
      carried out, and in 5 a right lobectomy; in an additional 5 patients, a extended
      right lobectomy (three segments excised) was done. In the rest, a medial
      lobectomy, a segmentectomy on the left side, or a segmentectomy on the right was
      performed. The only complications observed in the whole series were: pleural
      effusion (1 case), subphrenic abscess (1), and transitory biliary fistula (1).
      All hemangiomas with a radius of more than 10 cm should be removed operatively,
      as should smaller symptomatic hemangiomas and tumors that are not clearly benign.

PMID- 3396450
TI  - [Surgical therapy of symptomatic megacolon in the adult].

PMID- 3396449
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of sacral and retrorectal tumors. II].
AB  - Forty-three sacral and retrorectal tumors encountered at the Cleveland Clinic
      were reviewed, with emphasis on incidence, diagnosis, and management. Benign
      tumors could be differentiated from malignant lesions on the basis of history,
      physical examination, and radiologic studies. CT scan and Magnetic Resonance
      Imaging are the most useful tests for staging. Small benign tumors may be removed
      through a posterior approach. All malignant lesions, and benign lesions greater
      than 3-4 cm in size should be removed through a combined anterior and posterior
      approach. All tumors should be completely removed wherever possible, since both
      benign and malignant tumors will recur when excision is incomplete. Radiotherapy
      and chemotherapy may provide some palliation for malignant tumors, but these
      modalities are not curative in our experience.

PMID- 3396451
TI  - A constitutive member of the rat cytochrome P450IIB subfamily: full-length coding
      sequence of the P450IIB3 cDNA.
AB  - The prototypic members of the rat liver cytochrome P450IIB subfamily, P450b and
      P450e, have long been the subjects of intense interest, in part because they are
      highly inducible by phenobarbital (PB). We have previously cloned and sequenced
      an 858-bp cDNA fragment (the PB24 insert) that encodes the carboxy-terminal
      portion of a P450b/P450e-like protein, henceforth referred to as P450IIB3. A Bam
      HI-Eco RI fragment of the PB24 insert hybridizes with a 1.9-kb mRNA present
      constitutively in rat liver and not inducible by PB (Affolter et al., 1986). We
      have now obtained, from a lambda gt11 rat liver cDNA library, cDNA inserts
      corresponding to the complete coding sequence of the IIB3 mRNA. The 491-amino
      acid IIB3 protein sequence, deduced from the cDNA sequence, is 77% identical to
      that of P450b. Northern blot analysis, with a IIB3-specific oligonucleotide
      probe, confirmed the constitutive presence of the polyadenylated 1.9-kb IIB3 mRNA
      in male rat liver. The IIB3 mRNA was undetectable in the lung, kidney, and
      prostate. It was constitutively present, and not inducible by PB, in female rat
      liver. Our results demonstrate unequivocally the existence of a constitutive
      member of the rat P450IIB subfamily. The remarkable inducibility of the
      P450b/P450e genes is in striking contrast to the absence of a PB effect on IIB3
      gene expression. The molecular basis for this difference remains to be revealed.

PMID- 3396452
TI  - Primary structure of rat ribosomal protein L36a.
AB  - The amino acid sequence of rat ribosomal protein L36a, which may form part of the
      peptidyl transferase center, was deduced from the sequence of nucleotides in a
      recombinant cDNA and confirmed from the amino-terminal amino acid sequence of the
      protein. Ribosomal protein L36a contains 105 amino acids (the amino-terminal
      methionine is removed after translation of the mRNA) and has a molecular weight
      of 12,311. Hybridization of the cDNA to digests of nuclear DNA suggests that
      there are multiple copies of the L36a gene. Rat ribosomal protein L36a is
      homologous to a protein HL44 present in ribosomes of humans and protein 44 from
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae ribosomes.

PMID- 3396453
TI  - Direct detection of HIV-1 RNA from AIDS and ARC patient samples.
AB  - Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), formerly termed human T-lymphotropic virus
      (HTLVIII/LAV), is the etiological agent of acquired immune deficiency syndrome
      (AIDS). Direct detection of HIV-1 nucleic acid sequences in patient tissue or
      blood samples is possible in only a minor fraction of cases due to the low
      percentage of infected cells (Shaw et al., 1984). We report a modification of the
      polymerase chain reaction method (PCR) (Saiki et al., 1985), in which we amplify
      sequences from HIV-1 RNA templates, for the identification of HIV-1 in peripheral
      blood and tissue samples obtained from AIDS and AIDS-related complex (ARC)
      patients. This method of HIV-1 detection is at least six orders of magnitude more
      sensitive than standard nucleic acid detection methods and has direct clinical
      applications. In vitro tissue culturing of the virus is not required for HIV-1
      detection. Using this technique, the sequence in the orfB region of HIV-1 has
      been amplified and detected from less than 1 microgram of total RNA prepared from
      a few milliliters of peripheral blood samples. This technique enables the rapid
      and unambiguous clinical detection of potential HIV-infected individuals and can
      be used to assay the efficacy of anti-HIV-1 drugs. To enhance the efficiency of
      this technique, we have appended the prokaryotic T7 RNA polymerase promoter
      sequence to one of the priming oligonucleotides. After several cycles of PCR with
      the promoter-containing oligo, a small aliquot of the reaction can be utilized to
      direct specific and efficient T7 RNA polymerase-mediated transcription of the
      amplified sequences, thus enhancing the sensitivity and simplifying the labor of
      the experiment.

PMID- 3396454
TI  - [1-Phthalimidoazimines--electroneutral cholinesterase inhibitors containing the
      polynitrous 1,3-bipolar group].

PMID- 3396455
TI  - [Transgenic rabbits containing and the expressing human somatotropin gene].

PMID- 3396456
TI  - [Radiothermal dynamic mapping of biological objects].

PMID- 3396457
TI  - [A mechanism of frequency analysis of hearing].

PMID- 3396458
TI  - Gentamicin bioavailability and single-dose pharmacokinetics in spinal cord
      injury.
AB  - The rate and completeness of absorption of gentamicin from muscle (healthy and
      paralyzed) and gentamicin disposition kinetics following a single intravenous
      infusion were studied in nonobese, healthy male volunteers with functionally
      complete, chronic (greater than one year duration) spinal cord injury (SCI) and
      in able-bodied controls. Pharmacokinetic parameters were derived using
      compartmental and model-independent analyses. The absolute bioavailability of
      gentamicin was complete and did not differ from control values using both model
      independent (LAGRAN) and model-dependent (ADAPT) analyses. The rate of gentamicin
      absorption in patients with SCI was, however, significantly slower, with a mean
      absorption time of 2.55 h compared with 0.96 h in able-bodied controls (p less
      than or equal to 0.05). Mean volume of distribution steady-state (Vssd) of
      gentamicin was demonstrated to be 33-47 percent greater in spinal cord injury
      than in controls (p less than 0.05). We conclude that the absorption of
      gentamicin from paralyzed muscle is significantly impaired, and in conjunction
      with an increase in Vssd results in delayed, decreased peak serum levels in
      patients with SCI.

PMID- 3396459
TI  - Short- and long-term effects of auxiliary labels on patient knowledge of
      precautionary drug information.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of auxiliary prescription
      labels in educating outpatients about medicines at two different time periods.
      Five hundred fifty-nine patients were randomly assigned either to an experimental
      group or a control group; each person in the experimental group received a
      prescription bottle to which one study auxiliary label ("sticker") had been
      affixed, and those in the control group received bottles with no study sticker
      attached. Patients were interviewed by telephone approximately one week or two
      months after prescription pick up. Patients who had the study sticker affixed to
      their prescription bottle were significantly more knowledgeable after one week
      about precautionary information than those patients who did not receive stickers;
      however, sticker-group patients receiving the delayed interview incorrectly
      attributed many precautions to their medication. This is the first controlled
      study to document that auxiliary labels increase short-term knowledge about
      medications, and to suggest that the same labels may result in an inappropriate
      generalization over time.

PMID- 3396461
TI  - An analgesic for nonprescription pain reliever promotions.

PMID- 3396460
TI  - Small hospitals: a case report.
AB  - The author spent one half of 1987 working as an institutional pharmacist and the
      other half working as a community pharmacist. After quizzing administrators,
      educators, laboratory technicians, nurses, pharmacists, physicians, secretaries,
      and consumers throughout central Illinois, a picture of the small hospital in
      transition began to emerge. Exciting new roles for institutional pharmacists are
      developing, but the future for the "tiny" hospital (smaller than 100 beds), the
      health service providers who staff them, and the communities they serve is in
      doubt. This article is intended to provide a view of what is happening in small
      and very small hospitals in some communities in Illinois.

PMID- 3396462
TI  - Piroxicam--furosemide drug interaction.

PMID- 3396463
TI  - Gentamicin stability with ciprofloxacin in human serum.

PMID- 3396465
TI  - [The legal position of the physician in practice].

PMID- 3396464
TI  - [Hyperfibrinogenemia and pathological plasma viscosity. Pathogenetic factors in
      unstable angina pectoris?].
AB  - Plasma viscosity and erythrocyte aggregation, as the most important rheological
      factors in the microcirculation, and fibrinogen were measured in the blood of
      groups of patients in various stages of coronary-heart disease. Patients with
      unstable angina had viscosity and fibrinogen levels, even before any manifest
      infarction, that were higher than those of patients with stable angina. Plasma
      viscosity and hyperfibrinogenaemia (1.39 +/- 0.08 mPa.s in 48 patients and 394.4
      +/- 82.7 mg/dl, respectively, in 33) were comparable to the values in patients
      with acute myocardial infarction (1.37 +/- 0.09 mPa.s [n = 45] and 390.2 +/-
      126.9 mg/dl [n = 27], but significantly higher (P less than 0.02) than in those
      with stable angina (1.33 +/- 0.08 mPa.s [n = 78] and 295.3 +/- 68.6 mg/dl [n =
      44], respectively). This abnormal viscosity in unstable angina plays a part in
      increasing myocardial ischaemia because oxygen delivery is already diminished and
      capillary flow slowed down. It thus contributes to progression of the angina and
      must be taken into account as an additional pathogenetic factor in the clinical
      instability.

PMID- 3396466
TI  - [Small colonic polyps in elderly patients].

PMID- 3396467
TI  - [Subcutaneous changes after intramuscular injections].

PMID- 3396469
TI  - Cefotaxime: Proceedings from the 15th International Congress of Chemotherapy.
      Istanbul, 19-24 July 1987.

PMID- 3396468
TI  - Drug withdrawal and epilepsy. When and how?
AB  - While 80% of patients who develop epilepsy will enter prolonged remissions with
      drug therapy, there is no agreement about who can safely be withdrawn from
      treatment without the risk of relapse. In light of the fact that seizure
      recurrence often has very important social implications, the final decision about
      drug withdrawal must be made by the patient and their family after full
      consultation with their physician about possible risks and benefits.

PMID- 3396470
TI  - Activity of cefotaxime and amikacin against 14,272 gram-negative bacteria from
      clinical samples in the period 1980 to 1985.
AB  - The sensitivity to cefotaxime and amikacin of 14,272 Gram-negative bacilli
      (Enterobacteriaceae and non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli) isolated from
      clinical samples was studied during the period 1980 to 1985. The minimum
      inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by means of diffusion in agar.
      Strains were considered resistant to cefotaxime and amikacin if the MIC values
      were greater than 16 mg/L and greater than 8 mg/L, respectively. The MIC90
      reached the critical value for cefotaxime in the case of Citrobacter spp.,
      Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella spp. and
      Shigella spp., and for amikacin in the case of Citrobacter spp., Enterobacter
      spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., P. mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Salmonella spp.
      and Serratia spp. Only Shigella spp. were sensitive to cefotaxime but not to
      amikacin, and only strains of Enterobacter spp. and Serratia spp. were sensitive
      to amikacin but not to cefotaxime.

PMID- 3396471
TI  - Preventative antibiotics for penetrating abdominal trauma--single agent or
      combination therapy?
AB  - In this open, prospective, comparative study, 75 patients who sustained
      penetrating abdominal trauma were randomised to receive 1 of 3 antibiotic
      regimens preoperatively and for 3 to 5 days postoperatively. Group I received
      cefotaxime 2g 8-hourly, group II received cefoxitin 2g 6-hourly and group III
      received clindamycin (900 mg 8-hourly) and gentamicin 3 to 5 mg/kg/day in divided
      doses 8-hourly. The 3 groups were not statistically different in terms of age,
      sex, severity of injury, number of organs injured, colon injuries, shock, blood
      transfusions or positive intra-operative cultures. Septic complications occurred
      in 8% of patients in group I, in 4% of group II patients and in 8% of group III
      patients. Cefotaxime was the least costly regimen, followed by cefoxitin, then
      clindamycin and gentamicin. It may be concluded that single agent therapy with a
      broad spectrum cephalosporin is preferable to combination therapy on the basis of
      equivalent effectiveness, less toxicity and lower costs.

PMID- 3396473
TI  - Cefotaxime in the prophylaxis of otorhinolaryngological cancer surgery. Long term
      versus short term administration, results of a multicentre study.

PMID- 3396472
TI  - Cefotaxime plus metronidazole appears more effective than piperacillin in the
      prevention of postappendicectomy wound sepsis. Preliminary results of a
      comparative trial.
AB  - Metronidazole suppositories have previously been shown to be superior to povidone
      iodine intraoperative wound spray in reducing postappendicectomy wound sepsis. In
      subsequent studies metronidazole suppositories and cefotaxime injections reduced
      the sepsis rate to 9.3%, while the same combination produced a wound sepsis rate
      of 7.6% compared with 17.2% for cefotaxime alone. In an ongoing study,
      metronidazole and cefotaxime are now being compared with piperacillin in a single
      blind trial. Adult patients undergoing emergency appendicectomy in Nottingham
      have been included in this study, which has ethical committee approval. When the
      decision to perform emergency appendicectomy was made, the patient was randomly
      allocated a numbered pack. This contained either 3 x 1g injections of cefotaxime
      and 6 x 1g metronidazole suppositories or 3 x 2g injections of piperacillin and 6
      placebos. 40 minutes before operation the patient received the first suppository
      and the remainder every 8 hours. The patient received the first injection of
      antibiotic by intravenous or intramuscular injection and the remaining doses 8
      and 16 hours later. A wound was regarded as infected if pus discharged either
      spontaneously or on incision. 175 patients have been studied to date. The
      treatment groups were well matched for age and sex. Seven of the 77 patients in
      the cefotaxime/metronidazole group (9.1%) compared with 12 of the 76 in the
      piperacillin group (15.8%) have developed wound infections. This study confirms
      that the combination of cefotaxime and metronidazole seems to be more effective
      than piperacillin alone in the reduction of postappendicectomy wound sepsis.
      Currently cefotaxime plus metronidazole is the therapy of choice.

PMID- 3396474
TI  - Cefotaxime single-dose surgical prophylaxis in a prepaid group practice.
      Comparisons with other cephalosporins and ticarcillin/clavulanic acid.
AB  - The prophylactic efficacy of a single 1g dose of cefotaxime for a wide variety of
      clean and clean-contaminated surgical procedures was studied in a large prepaid
      medical practice setting. Regimens were evaluated in 3 successive prospective,
      randomised comparative trials involving 1950 evaluable patients between November
      1983 and March 1986. Single-dose cefotaxime was initially compared with standard
      multiple-dose regimens of cephazolin and cefoxitin, and subsequently used as the
      control regimen for comparisons with single-dose cefoperazone and
      ticarcillin/clavulanic acid. Patients were observed for the development of wound
      infection, non-wound morbidity, and adverse reactions. The single-dose
      prophylaxis regimens resulted in fewer surgical wound infections (p less than
      0.05) compared with multi-dose prophylaxis if colorectal procedures were excluded
      from the analyses. The limited effectiveness of single-dose prophylaxis in
      colorectal surgery occurred despite the co-administration of erythromycin and
      neomycin. More than half the infections in all groups were discovered after
      hospital discharge and were inconsequential. Organisms isolated from the various
      infections generally remained susceptible to the administered antimicrobial
      agents. Adverse reactions occurred significantly (p less than 0.001) less often
      in the patients receiving single-dose prophylaxis. Non-wound morbidity was
      comparable in all trial groups. The costs associated with single-dose regimens
      were much lower than those of the FDA-approved multiple-dose regimens. These data
      confirm that single-dose, broad spectrum beta-lactam agents such as cefotaxime
      provide safe, effective and economical prophylaxis for a wide variety of surgical
      procedures.

PMID- 3396475
TI  - Comparison of the antimicrobial prophylactic efficacy of cefotaxime and
      cephazolin in obstetric and gynaecological surgery. A randomised multicentre
      study.
AB  - A prospective randomised multicentre study was designed to assess the efficacy of
      2 different cephalosporins as short term prophylactic treatment in obstetric and
      gynaecological surgery. A single dose of cefotaxime (2g IV before surgery) was
      compared with 2 doses of cephazolin (2g IV before surgery and after 8 hours).
      Patients exposed to antibacterial drugs within 7 days, who had preoperative
      infections, or with known beta-lactam hypersensitivity were excluded. 612
      patients entered the study, of whom 552 were evaluable. 276 were given cephazolin
      (group A) and 276 cefotaxime (group B). Groups A and B were similar for mean age,
      obesity, diabetes, types of diseases and obstetric history. No significant
      differences were observed in type of surgery (vaginal hysterectomy, abdominal
      hysterectomy, myomectomy and caesarean section) between 2 groups. The mean
      duration of surgery was 89 and 85 minutes in group A and B, respectively. 25
      patients (9.1%) in group A and 20 (7.2%) in group B developed wound infections
      (not statistically significantly different). The percentages of patients with
      infections other than surgical infections were similar (i.e. 13.0 and 11.2 for
      the cefotaxime and the cephazolin groups, respectively). These preliminary data
      show that a single 2g IV dose of cefotaxime and two 2g IV doses of cephazolin
      have equal antimicrobial prophylactic activity in obstetric and gynaecological
      surgery.

PMID- 3396476
TI  - Three approaches to prophylactic antibiotics in elective gastrointestinal tract
      surgery.

PMID- 3396477
TI  - Antibiotic prophylaxis in aortic and peripheral arterial surgery in the presence
      of infected extremity lesions. Results of a prospective evaluation.
AB  - Over a 6-month period 124 patients submitted to aortic or infra-inguinal arterial
      reconstruction were alternately allocated to receive cloxacillin plus gentamicin
      (CX/GM) for 48 hours or cefotaxime (CTX) for 24 hours perioperatively.
      Evaluations during during the first month were performed by a blinded independent
      observer and patients were followed for between 6 and 20 months. 63 patients
      received CX/GM and 61 CTX; the groups were matched for sepsis risk factors.
      Sepsis rates were: groin and abdominal wounds, CX/GM 5.4% (7 of 129), CTX 6.2% (8
      of 127); graft, CX/GM 1.5% (1 of 63), CTX 3.3% (2 of 61). The differences were
      not statistically significant (p greater than 0.05). Virtually all wound
      infections were superficial (class I) and no late infections have emerged. 56
      patients had infected extremity lesions and 68 had no lesion. There was no
      significant difference in wound or graft sepsis rates between the 2 groups.
      Positive cultures of groin lymph nodes and/or aortic clot or atheroma did not
      predispose patients to postoperative sepsis. The organisms cultured from the
      extremity lesions were not found in infected wounds of abdominal surgery
      patients. However, species type and antibiotic susceptibility patterns suggest
      that the same pathogens were present in wound infections as were isolated from
      the extremity lesions of patients who underwent infra-inguinal surgery. Thus
      direct, rather than lymphatic, contamination may be the major aetiological
      factor. Most infecting organisms were susceptible to the antibiotic used.

PMID- 3396479
TI  - Influence of cefotaxime on renal function during the treatment of infections.
AB  - A study was conducted of the effects of cefotaxime, a third generation
      cephalosporin antibiotic, on the function of the kidney, using several indices of
      renal function including urinary concentrations of the renal enzyme N-acetyl-beta
      D-glucosaminidase (NAG). In 6 patients with respiratory infections and normal
      renal function (group I), the urinary concentrations of NAG before and after the
      administration of cefotaxime 2 to 4g daily were 5.7 +/- 0.6 U/L and 5.5 +/- 0.9
      U/L, respectively (NS). Similarly, 9 patients with chronic renal failure who were
      not undergoing haemodialysis showed pre- and post-treatment urinary NAG
      concentrations of 8.7 +/- 4.0 U/L and 6.6 +/- 1.7 U/L, respectively (NS), while
      the corresponding values in 12 renally impaired patients undergoing haemodialysis
      (group III) were 8.1 +/- 3.5 U/L and 8.9 +/- 3.8 U/L, respectively (NS). With
      regard to other parameters of renal function (serum creatinine, BUN, beta 2M, and
      creatinine clearance), no statistically significant differences were found
      between the values obtained before and after therapy with cefotaxime. Therefore,
      it was concluded that the influence of cefotaxime on renal function is slight,
      and that this antibiotic can be safely used to treat patients with infections in
      the presence of renal dysfunction.

PMID- 3396478
TI  - Prophylactic use of cefotaxime in biliary surgery. Comparison of single-dose
      versus multiple-dose schedule.

PMID- 3396480
TI  - Efficacy of a combination of cefotaxime, tobramycin and vancomycin as antibiotic
      therapy for neutropenia.

PMID- 3396481
TI  - Effects of cefotaxime on blood coagulation in patients with renal insufficiency.

PMID- 3396482
TI  - Effects of antibiotics on platelet aggregation.

PMID- 3396484
TI  - The value of twice-daily cefotaxime in lower respiratory tract infections.

PMID- 3396483
TI  - Computer modelling antibiotic therapy costs. Impact of therapeutic range.
AB  - Computer modelling techniques were used to examine the economic consequences of
      intravenous chemotherapy of serious infection. Acquisition cost of the drug was
      found to be a poor predictor of global cost, since inclusion of the preparation
      and administration costs and projected laboratory and drug complication costs
      narrow, or even reverse, apparent cost differentials between drugs. Thus, the
      cost per day for acquisition/total treatment (in US dollars) are: penicillin
      $5/$30, gentamicin $1/$46, amikacin $26/$63, clindamycin $38/$57, metronidazole
      $12/$20 and cefotaxime $47/$60. 'Triple therapy' involving gentamicin
      ($0.40/dose) resulted in higher hospital costs than the equivalent regimen
      involving cefotaxime ($16/dose). Even when the purchase price is high,
      humanitarian considerations advocate the use of safe, predictable, efficacious
      drugs. Fortunately, the present analysis suggests that such drugs frequently
      result in the lowest total treatment cost. Current cost containment efforts that
      are based on acquisition costs only are flawed and may result in both suboptimal
      care and higher actual costs.

PMID- 3396485
TI  - Optimal duration of cefotaxime prophylaxis in abdominal and vaginal hysterectomy.
AB  - Previous studies have demonstrated that short course perioperative antibiotic
      prophylaxis reduces septic morbidity after hysterectomy from up to 40% down to 10
      to 15%. The residual morbidity is predominantly urinary tract infection (UTI)
      occurring 2 to 3 days after cessation of antibiotic. We hypothesised that surgery
      impairs urinary drainage for 3 to 4 days postoperatively and that prolonged
      prophylaxis was required to prevent all postoperative sepsis. Accordingly, 224
      abdominal and 69 vaginal hysterectomy patients were randomly allocated to short
      course (2g cefotaxime IV at anaesthesia) or long course (2g cefotaxime at
      anaesthesia plus 7 doses of 1g 12-hourly) prophylaxis. UTI was effectively
      prevented by the long course (0.9 vs 18.4% short); both treatments effectively
      prevented wound and pelvic sepsis. We conclude that 4 days of postoperative
      antibiotic is required to prevent UTI.

PMID- 3396486
TI  - Comparison of two versus three daily infusions of cefotaxime plus amikacin in
      granulocytopenic children.

PMID- 3396487
TI  - Cefotaxime combined with selective decontamination in long term intensive care
      unit patients. Virtual absence of emergence of resistance.
AB  - Emergence of bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents was studied during a
      period of 30 months of continuous use of parenteral cefotaxime combined with oral
      non-absorbable polymyxin E and tobramycin (selective decontamination) in a
      surgical intensive care unit (ICU). No increase in drug-resistance micro
      organisms was found. Colonisation of the oropharyngeal cavity or intestine or
      both by strains resistant to polymyxin E occurred in 8% of patients (invariably
      Proteus and Morganella species). Tobramycin-resistant strains (Escherichia coli,
      Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas species) were found in 4% of patients. Intestinal
      colonisation with cefotaxime-resistant bacilli (e.g. Enterobacter, Pseudomonas
      and Acinetobacter species) occurred in 10% of patients, but in most patients
      these strains were eliminated by therapy with the topical antibiotics within one
      week. The control of emergence of resistance has major implications for the
      antibiotic policy in the ICU: firstly, the number of different antimicrobials
      used is sharply reduced since the switching of antibiotics to treat
      suprainfections is seldom necessary; secondly, it is possible to use a third
      generation cephalosporin such as cefotaxime for systemic prophylaxis, without
      risk of induction of resistance.

PMID- 3396488
TI  - The synergistic effect of cefotaxime and desacetylcefotaxime against clinical
      isolates of anaerobic bacteria.
AB  - The synergistic interaction of cefotaxime and desacetylcefotaxime against 187
      clinically significant anaerobic organisms was investigated. Fusobacterium
      nucleatum, Actinomyces odontolyticus, propionibacteria, lactobacilli,
      peptostreptococci, Streptococcus intermedius and Veillonella were sensitive to
      cefotaxime. Both Eubacterium lentum and Streptococcus morbillorum were resistant.
      The susceptibility of the clostridia varied from 0.125 to greater than 256 mg/L;
      only 20% of species demonstrated synergy between cefotaxime and
      desacetylcefotaxime. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of cefotaxime
      against members of the genus Bacteroides ranged from 0.0625 to greater than 256
      mg/L. The MIC50 of cefotaxime to Bacteroides fragilis and B. vulgatus was lowered
      from 6 and 4 mg/L, respectively, to 2 and 1 mg/L, respectively, when 4 mg/L
      desacetylcefotaxime was added to the medium. Full or partial synergy was
      demonstrated by 50.7% of the Bacteroides species tested. While cefotaxime and
      desacetylcefotaxime act synergistically against many members of the genus
      Bacteroides, the MIC of at least 10% of strains is not affected by this
      combination.

PMID- 3396489
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of cefotaxime and desacetylcefotaxime in elderly patients.
AB  - This study was undertaken to determine the effect of age on the pharmacokinetics
      of cefotaxime and desacetylcefotaxime after intravenous administration of 1 g
      cefotaxime. 30 elderly patients suffering from acute infection were enrolled in
      the study. They were divided into 3 subgroups (group I aged 60 to 70 years, group
      II aged 71 to 80 years, group III aged over 80 years) with 5 men and 5 women in
      each. The elimination of cefotaxime in patients aged between 60 and 80 years was
      slightly slower than that in young people: elimination half-lives (in men and
      women, respectively) in group I were 1.2 and 1.58 hours, in group II, 1.45 and
      1.57 hours and in group III, 2.56 and 2.59 hours. The change in elimination of
      desacetylcefotaxime was similar to that of cefotaxime, but less marked. The
      slower elimination of cefotaxime in patients over 80 years of age may allow
      reduction in the dose without jeopardizing the efficacy of therapy, whereas in
      patients under 80 years of age the normal dosage is required.

PMID- 3396490
TI  - Effect of a single dose of cefotaxime or ceftriaxone on human faecal flora. A
      double-blind study.
AB  - The effect of cefotaxime and ceftriaxone on faecal flora was investigated in
      women undergoing routine vaginal or abdominal hysterectomy. Three groups of 9
      patients received, in a double-blind fashion and just before surgery, cefotaxime
      2g intravenously, ceftriaxone 2g intravenously or no antibiotic (controls).
      Stools were collected before prophylaxis (sample 1) and after surgery (samples 2
      and 3). The only alteration after cefotaxime was a decrease of non-fastidious
      aerobic Gram-negative flora in sample 2. The same effect was more pronounced
      after ceftriaxone (p less than 0.01) which, in addition, increased yeast colonies
      (p less than 0.05) in sample 2. In sample 3, more resistant (MIC greater than 32
      mg/L) aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were found after ceftriaxone (log10 median
      7.5 and 9.0, respectively) than after cefotaxime (4.2 and 6.0) or in controls
      (4.4 and 6.6) [p less than 0.01 in each case]. Group D streptococci and Gram
      positive cocci remained unchanged in the 3 groups. Clostridium difficile
      cytotoxin assays were negative. The effects on faecal flora were more pronounced
      after ceftriaxone.

PMID- 3396491
TI  - Serum and renal tissue concentrations of cefotaxime in urinary tract obstruction
      in rabbits.
AB  - Serum cefotaxime and desacetylcefotaxime concentrations and their tissue
      concentrations in the kidney were determined at 30 minutes after cefotaxime (80
      mg/kg) bolus intravenous infusion in rabbits when the urinary tract was
      obstructed. Serum concentration was highest in bilateral ureteral obstruction
      (BUO) animals (142.1 +/- 25.4 mg/L), followed in order by unilateral ureteral
      obstruction (UUO) animals (92.6 +/- 10.4 mg/L) and sham-operated animals (50.4 +/
      9.9 mg/L). Both serum cefotaxime and desacetylcefotaxime concentrations were
      highly correlated with serum creatinine levels. Conversely, the renal
      tissue/serum concentration ratio of cefotaxime and its metabolite was lowest in
      BUO animals, which was in accordance with physiological evidence that renal blood
      flow was reduced in BUO. Indomethacin pretreatment exaggerated cefotaxime and
      desacetylcefotaxime accumulation in the obstructed kidney of the UUO model,
      indicating that this drug inhibits renal elimination of cefotaxime when urinary
      tract obstruction exists.

PMID- 3396492
TI  - Serum and tissue concentrations of cefoxitin and cefotaxime in women undergoing
      hysterectomy.
AB  - In a comparative study of serum and uterine tissue concentrations of cefoxitin
      and cefotaxime in patients undergoing hysterectomy, 40 patients were randomised
      to receive either cefoxitin 2g or cefotaxime 2g by intravenous administration.
      Serum samples were obtained before drug administration, at the ligation of the
      uterine arteries and at the end of surgery. Cefoxitin, cefotaxime and
      desacetylcefotaxime concentrations were determined by high performance liquid
      chromatography. The composite serum half-lives (determined by linear regression)
      for cefoxitin, cefotaxime and desacetylcefotaxime were 0.8, 0.7 and 2.1 hours,
      respectively. Although serum concentrations were higher for cefotaxime than for
      cefoxitin after a 2g dose, the uterine concentrations (at 40 mins) of cefoxitin
      were higher (51 micrograms/g vs 16 micrograms/g) than those of cefotaxime. After
      a 2g dose of cefotaxime the desacetylcefotaxime peak uterine concentration was 8
      micrograms/g. Both drugs achieved adequate concentrations in serum and uterine
      tissue to prevent and treat infections caused by common Enterobacteriaceae such
      as Escherichia coli, with cefotaxime having a longer apparent duration of
      activity. However, cefoxitin provided serum and uterine concentrations above the
      minimum inhibitory concentration of Bacteroides fragilis for a longer period than
      did cefotaxime.

PMID- 3396493
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of cefotaxime and desacetylcefotaxime in renal failure patients
      undergoing continuous arteriovenous haemofiltration.

PMID- 3396494
TI  - Study on transfer of cefotaxime into bone tissue.

PMID- 3396495
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of cefotaxime in elderly patients.

PMID- 3396496
TI  - Prophylaxis of infection by selective decontamination in mechanically ventilated
      patients. A preliminary report.

PMID- 3396498
TI  - Effects of cyclosporine on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in the male
      rat: mechanism of action.
AB  - In the intact adult male rat, cyclosporine (CsA) induces a significant decrease
      in serum testosterone (T), serum LH, and intratesticular T. To elucidate the
      mechanism of action of this CsA-induced hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, castrated
      male rats were treated with oral CsA (30 mg/kg.day) or vehicle alone, and serum
      LH was measured after 1, 2, and 4 weeks of treatment. Surprisingly, serum LH was
      higher in these CsA-treated castrated rats at 1, 2, and 4 weeks than in castrated
      controls. To provide insight into the cause of this increase in serum LH, a T
      implant (8 mm) was inserted (at week 5 of treatment) in both CsA-treated and
      control castrated animals, and serum LH was measured 1 week after insertion of
      the T implant. Serum LH levels decreased to control values after insertion of the
      T implant. Subsequently, two other groups of rats received 8-mm T implant at the
      time of castration and were then treated up to 4 weeks with either CsA or vehicle
      alone. Serum LH showed a significant decrease in these CsA- plus T-treated
      animals compared to the vehicle- plus T-treated animals. A GnRH stimulation test
      performed after 2 weeks of CsA/vehicle treatment showed a significant increase in
      serum LH in all the rats 30 min after GnRH administration (1, 10, 30, and 100
      ng/100 g BW, ip), indicating a normal pituitary response. The increase in LH
      after exogenous GnRH treatment was more significant in CsA-treated intact rats
      than in the controls. There was no difference in creatinine clearance between
      intact and castrate T-treated rats regardless of whether they received CsA. These
      studies indicate that the hypogonadotropic hypogonadism induced by CsA in intact
      male rats is mediated through the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, primarily at its
      hypothalamus end, does not seem to be due to the nephrotoxicity of CsA, and is
      modulated by T and/or its metabolites.

PMID- 3396497
TI  - Different effects of intermittent and continuous growth hormone (GH)
      administration on serum somatomedin-C/insulin-like growth factor I and liver GH
      receptors in hypophysectomized rats.
AB  - To determine if the pattern of GH delivery is important for the regulation of
      serum somatomedin-C/insulin-like growth factor I (Sm-C/IGF-I) and liver
      somatogenic receptors, we have measured serum Sm-C/IGF-I concentrations and free
      (H2O-treated homogenates) and total (MgCl2-treated homogenates) liver GH-binding
      sites in hypophysectomized rats treated for 7 days with rat GH (rGH), given
      either continuously by osmotic minipumps (50 and 250 micrograms/day) or
      intermittently (four sc injections of 12.5 micrograms/day). At a daily dose of 50
      micrograms, intermittent rGH produced greater weight gain [+29.7 +/- 0.8 g (mean
      +/- SE)] than continuous GH infusion (23.3 +/- 2.0 g; P less than 0.01).
      Likewise, the serum Sm-C/IGF-I concentration rose more with intermittent (0.33 +/
      0.1 U/ml) than with continuous delivery (0.17 +/- 0.01 U/ml; P less than 0.01).
      The serum Sm-C/IGF-I level achieved with repeated GH injections was even greater
      than that after continuous delivery of a 5-fold higher GH dose (250
      micrograms/day; 0.27 +/- 0.02 U/ml; P less than 0.05). Continuous infusions of 50
      and 250 micrograms rGH/day increased the number of liver total GH receptors by
      2.5-fold over that of controls. In contrast, frequent GH injections did not
      affect GH binding, and the serum Sm-C/IGF-I concentration did not correlate with
      liver GH-binding sites in the GH-injected rats (r = 0.189; P = NS). Induction of
      hepatic PRL receptors was 10-fold higher when GH was given continuously than when
      it was given intermittently. The close correlation observed between GH- and PRL
      binding sites in all GH-treated rats (r = 0.955; P less than 0.001) suggests that
      their regulation may be linked. These data suggest that the regulatory mechanism
      controlling Sm-C/IGF-I production and growth might be different from those that
      regulate GH receptor concentrations, with GH pulses being crucial for the maximal
      stimulation of Sm-C/IGF and growth, but continuous exposure to GH being required
      for up-regulation of liver GH receptors.

PMID- 3396499
TI  - Carbohydrate feeding increases total body and specific tissue 3,5,3'
      triiodothyronine neogenesis in the rat.
AB  - The glucose-fed rat, in contrast to the chow-fed animal, has a higher serum total
      T3 concentration and an increase in the hepatic content of T4 5'-deiodinase (type
      I) activity. The mechanism and significance of these glucose-induced changes in
      T3 metabolism are elucidated in this study. To focus on extrathyroidal thyroid
      hormone metabolism the kinetic parameters were determined in thyroidectomized T4
      replaced rats (1.25 micrograms T4/100 g BW.day). Kinetics of T4 and T3 were
      studied separately by infusing labeled hormone to equilibrium. Glucose feeding
      for 72 h (G) significantly increased both the total and free serum T3
      concentrations compared to the respective means in the chow-fed control group
      (P). The glucose-induced changes in serum T3 reflect the approximate doubling of
      T3 production to 14.7 +/- 0.6 ng/h.100 g in G rats compared to 7.6 +/- 0.7
      ng/h.100 g in P rats. The higher T3 production rate in the G group is due to a
      significant increase in the fractional total body T4 to T3 conversion (0.33 +/-
      0.02) compared to that in the P group (0.19 +/- 0.02). The tissue (liver, kidney,
      brain, and brown adipose tissue) concentration of T4 (nanograms per g wet wt) was
      significantly increased in the G group. The increase ranged from 54% in liver to
      80% in kidney, brain, and brown adipose tissue. The tissue concentration of T3
      (nanograms per g wet wt) was even more dramatically increased by glucose feeding
      than was T4. The glucose-induced increment in organ T3 ranged from 2.5-fold
      (kidney, muscle, and brain) to 5-fold (liver and white adipose tissue) to 12-fold
      (brown adipose tissue). These data indicate that the increase in serum total and
      free T3 concentrations associated with glucose feeding reflects augmented total
      body T3 production from T4. The effect of the enhanced T3 neogenesis was
      generalized, as the T3 content was increased in each organ studied. Thus, glucose
      feeding has unique effects on T3 metabolism.

PMID- 3396500
TI  - Cysteine proteinases from human thyroids and their actions on thyroglobulin.
AB  - This report describes properties of highly purified cathepsin-B and an additional
      cysteine proteinase, designated cysteine proteinase I, obtained from human
      thyroids. Both enzymes are localized to lysosomes. The activity profile of
      cysteine proteinase I combined with its sensitivity to the active site inhibitor
      Z-Phe-Phe-CNH2 suggest that it is distinct from other cysteine proteinases
      described so far. Cysteine proteinase I and cathepsin-B had respective pH optima
      of 3.5-4.0 and 4.5-5.0 with thyroglobulin (Tg) as substrate. Based on Km/Kcat
      (catalytic constant) ratios, cysteine proteinase I degraded rabbit [125I]Tg to
      peptide intermediates 50 times more efficiently than did cathepsin-B. Under
      conditions of limited digestion, both enzymes cleaved Tg at three or more sites,
      producing iodinated fragments of 20,000-50,000 mol wt (cysteine proteinase I) or
      10,000-40,000 mol wt (cathepsin-B). Tryptic digests of these fragments were
      isolated by HPLC, and those containing thyroid hormone were sequenced for
      identification of amino acids and localization of 125I. Cysteine proteinase I
      cleaved peptides primarily from the C-terminal region of Tg, which contained two
      major hormonogenic sites, while cathepsin-B produced peptides mainly from the N
      terminus, containing another major hormonogenic site. We suggest that the roles
      of cysteine proteinase I and cathepsin-B are the rapid initial fragmentation of
      Tg at opposite ends of the molecule, making hormone-containing sites accessible
      to additional cleavage by other lysosomal endopeptidases and exopeptidases.

PMID- 3396501
TI  - A high abundance androgen receptor in goldfish brain: characteristics and
      seasonal changes.
AB  - Testosterone (T) exerts its actions in brain directly via androgen receptors or,
      after aromatization to estradiol, via estrogen receptors. Brain aromatase
      activity in teleost fish is 100-1000 times greater than in mammals and would be
      expected to significantly reduce the quantity of androgen available for receptor
      binding. Experiments were carried out on the goldfish Carassius auratus to
      determine if androgen receptors are present in teleost brain and whether their
      physicochemical properties reflect elevated aromatase. Cytosolic and nuclear
      extracts were assayed with the use of [3H]T and charcoal, Sephadex LH-20, or DNA
      cellulose chromatography to separate bound and free steroids. Binding activity
      was saturable and had an equally high affinity for T and 5 alpha
      dihydrotestosterone (Kd, approximately 2.4 X 10(-9) M). Although mibolerone was a
      relatively weak competitor, the putative teleost androgen 11-ketotestosterone,
      methyltrienolone (R1881), estradiol, progesterone, and cortisol were poor
      ligands. Characteristics that distinguish this receptor from a steroid-binding
      protein in goldfish serum are the presence of binding activity in both nuclear
      and cytosolic extracts, a low rate of ligand-receptor dissociation,
      electrophoretic mobility, sedimentation properties in low vs. high salt, and
      tissue distribution (forebrain greater than or equal to pituitary greater than
      mid-/hindbrain). DNA cellulose-adhering and nonadhering forms were detected, but
      these did not differ in other variables measured. Although goldfish androgen
      receptors resembled those of mammals in all important physicochemical
      characteristics, they were unusually abundant (5-68 pmol/g tissue) compared to
      levels in rat brain, but comparable to levels in prostate and other male sex
      hormone target organs. Moreover, there were seasonal variations in total
      receptors, with a peak at spawning (April) 4- to 5-fold higher than values in
      reproductively inactive fish (July/August). This temporal pattern and magnitude
      of change corresponded to previously reported changes in brain aromatase. Thus,
      both phylogenetic and physiological correlates point to a functional
      interdependence between androgen receptors and aromatase in the brain. These
      studies in goldfish indicate that brain androgen receptors have a long
      evolutionary history and have been highly conserved through the vertebrate
      series.

PMID- 3396502
TI  - Diminished hepatic L-triiodothyronine nuclear receptor concentration in rats
      bearing the Walker 256 carcinoma is not due to a generalized decrease in
      nonhistone protein synthesis.
AB  - To determine whether the decrease in hepatic T3 nuclear receptors in rats bearing
      the Walker 256 carcinoma (T rats) is a consequence of nonthyroidal disease or
      related to a generalized decrease in hepatic protein synthesis, we measured
      hepatic T3 nuclear receptors and [3H]leucine incorporation into protein in
      control and T rats. Mean protein contents of liver homogenate, purified nuclei,
      0.4 M NaCl extracts of nuclei, and nonhistone protein fractions were similar in
      control and T rats. In pooled data from three experiments, [3H]leucine
      incorporation into protein in these liver fractions was significantly increased
      (55-73%) in T rats. Since the precursor nonradioactive leucine pool, measured by
      a novel HPLC method, was similar in control and T rats, the increased
      incorporation of [3H]leucine in all liver fractions suggests an increase in
      protein synthesis in T rats. Additional measurements in the same rats (two
      experiments) indicated that hepatic nuclear receptors were decreased to 50% of
      the control value in T rats (P less than 0.001). Our findings suggest that in the
      Walker tumor model of nonthyroidal disease, decreased hepatic nuclear T3
      receptors appears relatively specific and is not associated with a generalized
      decrease in hepatic protein synthesis.

PMID- 3396503
TI  - Hepatic progesterone receptors: characterization in the turtle Chrysemys picta.
AB  - High and low affinity progesterone (P)-binding proteins similar to those
      described in the chick oviduct were characterized for the first time in liver
      cytosol in an oviparous turtle, Chrysemys picta. Two forms of high affinity P
      receptor were separated by diethyl aminoethyl (DEAE)-Sepharose anion exchange
      chromatography; the A form eluted in low salt buffer, and the B form at a KCl
      concentration of 0.20 M in a linear gradient. After photoaffinity labeling of
      crude cytosol with [3H] R5020, two overlapping peaks of radioactivity were
      detected with sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. After
      separation with DEAE-Sepharose and photoaffinity labeling, the A form migrated as
      a single peak with a mol wt of 90,000, and the B form as a single peak with a mol
      wt of 123,000. The affinity (Kd, 2.9 X 10(-9) M), capacity (1 pmol/mg protein),
      and binding specificity were characteristic of a P receptor. P competed most
      effectively for [3H]P binding. R5020 and deoxycorticosterone were good
      competitors; 5 alpha-pregnenolone, 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, and testosterone
      were quite effective; cortisol, corticosterone, aldosterone, and 5 alpha
      dihydrotestosterone were poor competitors. A lower affinity P-binding component
      (Kd, 1 X 10(-7) M; maximum binding, 15 pmol/mg protein) co-eluted from DEAE
      Sepharose columns with the A and B receptor forms. This is the first description
      of a hepatic P receptor in any vertebrate.

PMID- 3396504
TI  - Thyroxine 5'-deiodination in brown adipose tissue and pineal gland: implications
      for thermogenic regulation and role of melatonin.
AB  - T4 type II 5'-deiodinase (5'-D II) activity was studied in wild-captured
      Richardson's ground squirrels. As previously reported for other species, 5'-D II
      activity was detected in frontal cortex, cerebellum, pineal gland, and brown
      adipose tissue (BAT); in the median eminence the levels of 5'-D II activity were
      undetectable with our methodology. When pineal gland, frontal cortex, and
      cerebellum nyctohemeral profiles were studied, none of them showed variations.
      Cold exposure for 4 h led to an increase in the enzymatic activity 10-fold above
      the basal values for BAT, while in the pineal gland the values were doubled; cold
      exposure failed to change the 5'-D II activity in the frontal cortex. Acute
      melatonin treatment caused a 7-fold increase in 5'-D II activity in BAT, but did
      not affect enzyme activity in either the pineal gland or frontal cortex. The data
      indicate that 5'-D II in Richardson's ground squirrel shows classical
      localizations. Additionally, two new regulatory factors of 5'-D II are reported,
      i.e. melatonin for BAT and cold for the pineal gland.

PMID- 3396505
TI  - Estrogen treatment prevents osteopenia and depresses bone turnover in
      ovariectomized rats.
AB  - Female Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) or sham
      surgery (control). Groups of ovariectomized (OVX) and control rats were injected
      daily with low, medium, or high doses of 17 beta-estradiol (10, 25, or 50
      micrograms/kg BW, respectively). An additional group of OVX and control rats was
      injected daily with vehicle alone. All rats were killed 35 days after OVX, and
      their proximal tibiae were processed undecalcified for quantitative bone
      histomorphometry. Trabecular bone volume was markedly reduced in vehicle-treated
      OVX rats relative to that in control rats (12.1% vs. 26.7%). This bone loss was
      associated with a 2-fold increase in osteoclast surface and a 4-fold increase in
      osteoblast surface. The bone formation rate, studied with fluorochrome labeling,
      was also significantly elevated in vehicle-treated OVX rats (0.111 vs. 0.026
      micron3/micron2.day). In contrast, treatment of OVX rats with the three doses of
      estradiol resulted in normalization of tibial trabecular bone volume and a
      decline in histomorphometric indices of bone resorption and formation. Our
      results indicate that estrogen treatment provides complete protection against
      osteopenia in OVX rats. The protective mechanism involves estrogenic suppression
      of bone turnover. These findings are consistent with the skeletal effects of
      estrogen therapy in postmenopausal women.

PMID- 3396506
TI  - An estrogen receptor in the liver of the viviparous watersnake, Nerodia;
      characterization and seasonal changes in binding capacity.
AB  - Understanding of steroid receptors is derived largely from the mammalian uterus
      and avian oviduct, and we have sought to characterize steroid receptors in
      relationship to natural cycles in subavian species. Here we report a putative
      estrogen receptor associated with the vitellogenic cycle in the female viviparous
      watersnake, Nerodia. Estrogen binding in cytosolic and nuclear hepatic cell
      extracts exhibits the following characteristics: high affinity (Kd, 1.3 X 10(-9)
      M cytosol; 5.7 X 10(-10) M nuclear extract), steroid specificity for natural
      estrogens, association time of 1 h at 22 C and 4 h at 0 C, and dissociation rate
      of 0.0268 min-1 at 0 C (half-time, 11.2 min) and 0.322 min-1 at 22 C (half-time,
      0.906 min). Both cytosolic and nuclear estrogen binding are target organ
      specific; binding is low to undetectable in lung, skeletal muscle, and intestine
      and present in liver, oviduct, and kidney. A sedimentation coefficient of 6S was
      demonstrated in cytosol under low or high salt conditions, and a sedimentation
      coefficient of 3.5S was found in nuclear extract. Nuclear location of the
      receptor is indicated by extraction of increasing amounts of receptor by
      increasing KCl concentrations up to 0.5 M; 50% of the binding is extracted by
      0.16 M KCl. Nuclear estrogen binding is increased significantly after estrogen
      injection. This estrogen-binding moiety is unusual, since it does not bind to the
      synthetic estrogen diethylstilbestrol, to antiestrogen clomiphene derivatives, or
      to calf thymus DNA-cellulose and diethylaminoethyl-Sepharose. Significant changes
      in cytosolic and nuclear hepatic estrogen receptor levels correlate with
      vitellogenic stage.

PMID- 3396507
TI  - 1 alpha,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3[1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3]-26,23-lactone inhibits 1,25
      (OH)2D3-mediated fusion of mouse bone marrow mononuclear cells.
AB  - Vitamin D3 and its hormonally active metabolite 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25
      (OH)2D3] can be metabolized to a number of daughter metabolites, including 1
      alpha,25-(OH)2D3-26,23-lactone; this latter compound has four diastereoisomers.
      The 23(S),25(R)-lactone (naturally occurring) and the 23(R),25(S)-1 alpha,25
      (OH)2D3-26,23-lactone are both known to be able to inhibit bone resorption
      induced by 1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3 under in vivo or in vitro conditions. To understand
      the mechanism of the inhibitory action of these two isomers on bone resorption we
      investigated the effects of 1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3-26,23-lactone on unfractionated
      mouse bone marrow cells in vitro. The addition of 1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3 to these
      cultures dose-dependently stimulated the formation of multinucleated cells over a
      range of 10(-9) - 10(-7) M. The 23(S),25(S)- and 23(R),25(R)-1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3
      26,23-lactones also increased the number of multinucleated cells, whereas the
      23(S),25(R)- and 23(R),25(S)-1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3-26,23-lactones failed to do so.
      In addition, these latter two diastereomers inhibited the 1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3
      stimulation of multinucleated cell formation, although the 23(S),25(S)- and
      23(R),25(R)-1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3-26,23-lactones and 24R,25-(OH)2D3 did not. These
      multinucleated cells responded to calcitonin and contained tartrate-resistant
      acid phosphatase, both of which are characteristic of osteoclasts. The present
      data suggest that inhibition of multinucleated cell formation is the mechanism by
      which the 23(S),25(R)- or 23(R),25(S)-1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3-26,23-lactone inhibits
      bone resorption induced by 1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3.

PMID- 3396508
TI  - Adrenal proenkephalin-derived peptides during postnatal development in
      spontaneously hypertensive rats.
AB  - Adrenal enkephalin and enkephalin-containing peptides were studied during
      postnatal development in normotensive (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats
      (SHR). The effect of chronic treatment with the ganglionic blocker
      chlorisondamine (5 mg/kg) was also assessed. Free enkephalin immunoreactivity and
      total enkephalin immunoreactivity, as determined by enzymatic digestion of large
      enkephalin containing fragments, were quantitated in the adrenal glands at 11
      days and 7, 16, and 24 weeks of age. Both total and free metenkephalin were
      significantly diminished in the adrenal of SHR when compared to WKY at all ages
      tested. The analysis of the chromatographic profile showed that SHR displayed
      reduced levels of high and low molecular weight materials at 11 days and 16 weeks
      of age; however intermediate compounds were high in the glands of these animals.
      Similar increased values for free met-enkephalin were found in adrenals of WKY
      and SHR after ganglionic blocker treatment, which means that the relative
      increase was larger in SHR than WKY; while for total enkephalin the relative
      increase and the concentration reached in SHR was about half of those presented
      in WKY. These and other results presented suggest that the basic alteration of
      the adrenal proenkephalin system of SHR may be due to a genetic reduction of
      proenkephalin levels. Otherwise, the free enkephalin decrease could be related to
      changes in nervous input to the adrenal gland.

PMID- 3396509
TI  - Immunohistochemical studies on the localization of fibronectin in human thyroid
      neoplastic tissues.
AB  - Fibronectin (FN) has been considered to be involved in the malignant
      transformation of cells. It was thus of interest to morphologically study the
      cell surface distribution of FN in various types of thyroid neoplasms employing
      immunohistochemical techniques. Immunohistochemical staining using the specific
      anti-human FN antibody was performed by the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex
      procedure. Compared to the staining pattern of normal thyroid tissues (control),
      differences in staining in malignant thyroid lesions and even in fetal and
      embryonal adenomas were evident, often on the lateral and basal aspects of the
      cell membrane. Colloid adenomas, however, showed FN staining on the basement
      membrane, basically similar to the controls. Moreover, in thyroid carcinoma,
      different staining patterns relating to each of the histological types were
      observed. The present investigation demonstrates the heterogeneity of the thyroid
      neoplasms in terms of FN binding.

PMID- 3396510
TI  - Effect of phosphatidyl inositol on progesterone receptors in rat uterine cytosol.
AB  - It was reported that unsaturated long chain fatty acids, such as arachidonic
      acid, oleic acid and docosahexaenoic acid inhibit the binding between
      progesterone and estrogen receptors and steroid hormones. Most of the long chain
      fatty acids are contained in phospholipids within the cells. The effect of
      phospholipids on the binding between R5020 and progesterone receptors was
      studied. Phosphatidyl ethanolamine and sphingomyelin had no effect on binding,
      but phosphatidyl inositol and phosphatidyl serine inhibited the binding 53% and
      34% respectively. The effect of phosphatidyl inositol on the binding between
      R5020 and progesterone receptors was dose dependent. Scatchard analysis revealed
      that the addition of phospholipid markedly decreased the number of binding sites
      from 1398 fmol/mgp to 258 fmol/mgp, but the dissociation constant was little
      affected.

PMID- 3396511
TI  - Seasonal recurrence of transient hypothyroidism in a patient with autoimmune
      thyroiditis.
AB  - Two postpartum and 7 spontaneous episodes of transient hypothyroidism developed
      during 5 years of observation in a florist with autoimmune thyroiditis and
      seasonal allergic rhinitis. The spontaneous episodes recurred twice a year
      regularly in spring and in autumn, the seasons of her allergic rhinitis. In most
      of these episodes as well as in the postpartum ones, hypothyroidism was preceded
      by transient thyrotoxicosis. In addition to the similarity in the clinical
      course, the changes in antimicrosomal antibody titers in pregnancy-unrelated
      episodes were almost identical to those in postpartum episodes. Throughout the
      observation periods, she had supranormal serum total immunoglobulin (Ig) E
      concentrations and high antigen-specific Ig E levels for various pollen extracts
      such as cedar and ragweed. However, we failed to demonstrate a correlation
      between thyroid function and total or any antigen-specific Ig E level. The
      present findings suggest that the pregnancy-unrelated thyroid dysfunction in our
      patient developed as a result of silent thyroiditis and through similar
      immunological mechanisms to those in postpartum thyroiditis. And it is suspected,
      though unproved, that the seasonal recurrence of pregnancy-unrelated thyroiditis
      has some causal relation to her allergic disease.

PMID- 3396512
TI  - Effect of serum magnesium concentration on renal handling of phosphate in a
      patient with primary hypomagnesemia.
AB  - We examined a case of primary hypomagnesemia with associated hypocalcemia and
      hyperphosphatemia. It was found, on treatment with magnesium, that there was a
      significant negative correlation between the serum magnesium level and the
      percent tubular reabsorption of phosphate, especially when the serum magnesium
      concentration was above 1.0 mg/dl, in the patient. It is suggested that the serum
      magnesium concentration might play an important role in urinary phosphate
      excretion, probably in relation to the parathyroid hormone function.

PMID- 3396513
TI  - Cyclic changes in epidermal growth factor receptor in human endometrium during
      menstrual cycle.
AB  - Epidermal growth factor (EGF), a potent mitogenic peptide, is known to be present
      in the fluid of the uterine cavity. Recent studies have demonstrated the
      messenger RNA for EGF in the rat uterus. Therefore, in an attempt to clarify its
      physiological role, we investigated the receptors for EGF in human endometrial
      tissues. The particulate fractions from endometrium possessed the capacity to
      bind EGF in a specific, saturable and reversible manner. The Scatchard plot was
      linear, showing a single class of the receptor with an apparent Kd of 3.8 X 10(
      9) M. The amount of specific EGF binding was very low during menstruation and
      increased gradually, reaching its peak in the late follicular phase. There was an
      abrupt decline in the binding after ovulation with no change in the Kd value.
      These results imply the possible involvement of EGF in the process of
      proliferation of human endometrial tissues.

PMID- 3396514
TI  - Changes in uterine estrogen receptor concentrations in persistent estrous and
      persistent diestrous rats.
AB  - Changes in uterine weight and the estrogen receptor concentrations were examined
      in persistent estrous (PE) and persistent diestrous (PD) rats at 80 days of age.
      To prepare PE rats, 100 micrograms estradiol benzoate (EB) was injected sc into 3
      day-old females. PD rats were obtained by daily injections of 10 micrograms EB
      into females for 10 consecutive days from the day of birth. The uterine weight in
      PE rats at 80 days was comparable to that in metestrous controls. The uteri of PD
      rats were smaller than those in PE rats. The concentrations of estrogen receptor
      in nuclear fractions in PE and PD rats were much lower than those in proestrous
      controls. Receptor concentrations in cytosol fractions were significantly lower
      in PE and PD rats than in control diestrous, proestrous and estrous rats. The
      dissociation constants and sedimentation coefficients of estrogen receptors in PE
      and PD rats were found to be in the same range as those in control rats. Thus,
      the reduction in the activity of cytosol receptors in these rats is attributable
      to a quantitative change in the amount of estrogen receptor protein. To study the
      response of the uterus to estrogen, ovariectomized rats were injected daily with
      10 micrograms estradiol for 7 consecutive days. The uterine growth of PE and PD
      rats after administration of estradiol was less marked than in controls,
      indicating a reduction of estrogen sensitivity of the uterus. Seven daily
      administrations of estradiol continued to increase the concentration of uterine
      cytosol estrogen receptor in controls. In contrast, in PE and PD rats, the
      receptor concentrations continued to increase during the first 3 days, and then
      remained constant. These data suggest that EB in neonatal treatment may directly
      affect the mechanism of receptor synthesis in uterine tissues. This effect may
      contribute to the reduction of the uterine response to estrogen.

PMID- 3396515
TI  - Thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue of genetically obese, diabetic (KKAY) mice.
AB  - Thermogenesis of brown adipose tissue (BAT) of genetically obese mice, KKAY mice,
      was examined by measuring the BAT mitochondrial guanosine diphosphate (GDP)
      binding as an index of thermogenesis and comparing it with that of normal C57BL
      mice. No great difference in GDP binding was observed in KKAY and C57BL mice fed
      a stock diet. However, when they were given a sucrose solution, the increase in
      BAT mitochondrial GDP binding of KKAY mice (+22%) was much lower than that of
      C57BL mice (+106%). A high fat diet increased BAT mitochondrial GDP binding in
      KKAY mice to the same extent (+82%) as in C57BL mice. When the mice were fasted
      for 48 h, BAT mitochondrial GDP binding of C57BL mice decreased by 70%, while
      that of KKAY mice showed no change. Both acute exposure to cold and
      norepinephrine injections increased GDP binding in KKAY mice by 90% and 131%,
      respectively. These results indicate that low BAT thermogenesis in response to
      sucrose intake may be a cause of obesity in KKAY mice, and this may be brought
      about by defects in the central nervous system.

PMID- 3396516
TI  - Oestradiol changes the dielectric structure of bilayer membranes.
AB  - The addition of the hormone Oestradiol to Phosphatidylcholine-Cholesterol
      membrane changes the frequency dependence of the membrane impedance. It increases
      severalfold the electrical admittance of the polar regions and consequently
      provides a conducting shunt from the hydrocarbon region to the aqueous phase.

PMID- 3396517
TI  - Fluorimetric distance determination by resonance energy transfer. Ribosome-bound
      transfer RNA.
AB  - Using the technique of singlet-singlet (Forster-type) resonance energy transfer,
      we have determined five distances in the programmed ribosome, either with the P
      site or with both the A and the P sites occupied. Two of the distances are new
      and two agree with earlier measurements; the fifth showed disagreement in detail
      with earlier results of others, but a consistent general trend. The distances
      substantiate a current model for the location of ribosomally bound tRNA, except
      in regard of the position of the 3' end of P-site tRNA, which seems according to
      our results to lie too far away from the 3' terminus of the 16 S RNA to be
      accommodated in the model. We present new evidence for the hypothesis that
      anomalously charged tRNA does not bind to the cognately programmed A site in the
      same way as does tRNA charged with an amino acid. Occupation of the A site
      restricts mobility of the 3' end of tRNA in the P site.

PMID- 3396518
TI  - A fluorescence decay study of parinaroyl-phosphatidylinositol incorporated into
      artificial and natural membranes.
AB  - Phosphoinositide metabolism in the plasma membrane is linked to transmembrane
      signal transduction. In this study we have investigated some physical properties
      (e.g. molecular order and dynamics) of phosphatidylinositol (PI) in various
      membrane preparations by time-resolved fluorescence techniques, using a synthetic
      PI derivate with a cis-parinaroyl chain on the sn-2 position. Phospholipid
      vesicles, normal and denervated rat skeletal muscle sarcolemmal membranes, and
      acetylcholine receptor rich membranes from Torpedo marmorata were investigated
      both at 4 degrees C and 20 degrees C. For comparison we have also included 2
      parinaroyl-phosphatidylcholine (PC) in this study. The fluorescent lipids were
      incorporated into the membrane preparations by way of specific phospholipid
      transfer proteins, to ensure an efficient and non-perturbing insertion of the
      lipid-probes. In the Torpedo membranes the order parameters measured for the
      parinaroyl derivatives of both PC and PI were higher than in phospholipid
      vesicles. For the Torpedo membrane preparations the acyl chain order for the PI
      was lower than that for PC, whereas the opposite was true for the vesicles. This
      inversion strongly suggests that PI has different interactions with certain
      membrane components as compared to PC. This is also suggested by the
      significantly higher rate of restricted rotation of PI as compared to PC. In
      contrast to the order parameters, the correlation times were almost identical for
      both probes and showed little difference between vesicles and the Torpedo
      membranes. In contrast to Torpedo membranes, the time-dependent fluorescence
      anisotropy of the two lipid probes in the sarcolemmal membranes showed, after an
      initial fast decay, a subsequent gradual increase. This phenomenon was
      satisfactorily analyzed by assuming two populations of probe lipids with distinct
      lifetimes, rotational correlation times and molecular order. The order parameter
      of the population with a short lifetime compared with that of phospholipid
      vesicles, whereas the population with a long lifetime agreed with that of the
      Torpedo membranes.

PMID- 3396519
TI  - Urinary enzyme release following aminoglycoside administration in single low
      dose.
AB  - Urinary enzyme excretion was investigated in healthy volunteers before and after
      infusion of single low doses of aminoglycoside (gentamicin, tobramycin and
      amikacin) in the same subjects. Significant increases were detected in urinary
      leucine aminopeptidase, lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase following
      gentamicin infusion; after amikacin administration only urinary release of
      leucine aminopeptidase was found to be increased. No difference was detected
      compared to basal values in enzyme excretion after tobramycin infusion. Urinary
      enzyme release in our conditions suggests low tubular damage after single doses
      of gentamicin and amikacin.

PMID- 3396520
TI  - Serum concentrations of total and free thyroid hormones in moderately obese women
      during a six-week slimming cure.
AB  - Successive determinations of serum total (T4) and free (FT4) thyroxine, total
      (T3) and free (FT3) 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine and total 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine
      (rT3) concentrations were performed by radioimmunoassay in 17 moderately obese
      women during a 6-week slimming cure. The 2.09 MJ/d (500 kcal/d) diet (50 per cent
      protein, 25 per cent carbohydrate and 25 per cent lipid) was given as three daily
      meals of general foods. During the cure, the body mass index (BMI) decreased by
      about 10 per cent, with a gradual decrease in the rate of weight loss. Moreover,
      the patients with the highest basal overweight had the largest subsequent weight
      loss. A decrease of about 15 per cent in serum T4 was observed from the second
      week to the end of the diet period. Inversely, serum FT4 increased transiently on
      day 3, then returned to the baseline. The fall in serum T3 and FT3 was obvious on
      day 3 and an approximate 20 per cent decrease in the two hormonal forms remained
      from the second to the last week of diet. Serum rT3 increased by 30 per cent
      during the first week, then returned to the baseline on the third week. The
      largest decreases in serum T4, T3 and FT3 observed during the cure occurred in
      the patients with the highest corresponding basal values. These findings suggest
      that (i) the rapid changes of the serum thyroid hormone concentrations observed
      during the slimming cure may be an adaptive mechanism against a further weight
      loss, and (ii) these changes would be related to the initial state of the thyroid
      hormone metabolism.

PMID- 3396521
TI  - Effect of 12 weeks' light-moderate underfeeding on 24-hour energy expenditure in
      normal male and female subjects.
AB  - The effect of 12 weeks' light-moderate underfeeding on the 24-h energy
      expenditure of a fixed physical activity programme was studied in six male and
      six female subjects. During a control period of 2 weeks, measurements were made
      of 24-h energy expenditure by direct calorimetry, the lean and fat body masses
      and the subjects' habitual energy intakes. The average body weight was 107 per
      cent of ideal, and did not change significantly during the control period. The
      subjects were asked to continue to record their daily food intake while reducing
      it by 25 per cent and to continue their daily activity habits during a period of
      12 weeks. The mean change in body weight was -2.9 kg with an average change in
      body energy content of -66 MJ. The 24-h energy expenditure was measured three
      times during the period, ie, after 4, 8 and 12 weeks from the start of the
      decreased energy intake, and found to be practically the same as the control
      value, ie, with average differences (s.d.) of -0.2(3.9), -0.8(5.7) and +0.6(4.2)
      per cent from the control value. In the six subjects who had the largest loss of
      body weight, this was found to be 5.0 kg, and the mean differences (s.d.) in
      energy expenditure were found to be -1.0(3.4), 0.0(5.6) and -0.6(3.9) per cent,
      respectively, from the control value. A significant part of the between-subjects
      variation in the differences from the control value is due to random measurement
      error and it is concluded that a loss of body energy content of the magnitude
      reported here, and due mainly to a reduced food intake, does not result in a
      significant increase in the efficiency of energy conversion, ie, in metabolic
      adaptation.

PMID- 3396522
TI  - Relation between energy expenditure and body composition in man: specific energy
      expenditure in vivo of fat and fat-free tissue.
AB  - The relationship between energy expenditure and body composition, in terms of fat
      and fat-free masses, has previously been described by a variety of predictive
      regression equations with parameters devoid of physiological content. We present
      here results obtained by calculating the specific energy expenditure, ie, the
      energy expenditure per unit of mass, of fat and fat-free tissue on the basis of
      measurements of the total energy expenditure (EE), the masses of fat (FM), and
      fat-free (FFM) tissue using the following simple model: EE = k1.FM + k2.FFM where
      k1 and k2 are the specific energy expenditures of fat and fat-free tissue,
      respectively. The results of observations on 104 women at rest yielded values for
      k1 and k2 of 0.31 and 1.35 watts/kg of fat and fat-free mass, respectively, with
      standard errors of estimate of 0.074 and 0.052 watts/kg, respectively. Analysis
      of several series of measurements, from other sources and on smaller samples of
      subjects, yielded similar values at rest but with larger standard errors of
      estimate. Data from subjects performing varying amounts of work in 24-h
      measurements showed, as expected, larger values for both tissues. The results
      explain to a very large extent the well-established relation between resting
      metabolic rate and body weight, ie, a linear relation with a non-zero intercept.
      The results also offer a clear-cut explanation for the well known difference in
      energy expenditure between men and women with the same body weight.

PMID- 3396523
TI  - Iron and zinc status in multiple sclerosis patients with pressure sores.
AB  - Measurements of weighted dietary intakes and plasma determinations of albumin,
      iron, zinc, ascorbic acid and TIBC were carried out on twenty female multiple
      sclerosis patients in a long-stay hospital for disabled people. The group
      included ten patients with a recent history of pressure sores, closely matched
      with ten patients without pressure sores. Mean daily intake of carbohydrate was
      found to be higher in the non-pressure sore group whilst intake of zinc was lower
      in this group. Intakes of all other nutrients were comparable between the two
      groups. For both groups, intakes of energy, folate, vitamin D, iron and zinc were
      less than recommended values. Mean plasma levels of albumin and iron were towards
      the lower limit of the normal range, whilst that for zinc was considerably less
      than the normal range. Plasma TIBC was slightly above the normal range. Levels of
      plasma iron and zinc were significantly lower in the pressure sore group. The
      data indicate that severely disabled hospitalized patients with multiple
      sclerosis may be at risk of poor nutritional status. The results suggest that in
      the presence of pressure sores, there are increased requirements for specific
      nutrients, notably zinc and iron. Consideration is given to the possible value of
      supplementation of these individuals.

PMID- 3396524
TI  - A survey of household food purchases and dietary habits in relation to affluence
      among Singapore Chinese.
AB  - A survey of 40 Singapore Chinese households was performed, obtaining information
      on major perishable foods purchased for home consumption in the previous week,
      extent of home consumption (eating in), household dietary habits and housing
      type, the last as a measure of affluence. Eating out was very common: nine (23
      per cent) households ate less than 50 per cent of meals at home. Excluding these
      nine households, consumption and habits were compared between more affluent and
      less affluent households. The more affluent households purchased more red
      meat/offal (P = 0.001), poultry (P = 0.002), vegetables other than green leafy (P
      = 0.04), fruit (P = 0.007) and eggs (P = 0.04); they also differed significantly
      in various dietary habits. Significant differences were also observed between
      English-speaking and Chinese-speaking households. The results suggest that
      increasing affluence may have brought about substantial dietary change in
      Singapore, thus meriting further study of the role of diet in changing disease
      patterns in Singapore.

PMID- 3396525
TI  - Variability of macronutrient concentrations in human milk.
AB  - Variability observed in the energy, total nitrogen, lactose and fat
      concentrations of human milk was partitioned among subjects, days and sample
      duplicates. Highly significant differences were detected between individuals and
      between days within the individual for all four nutrients (P less than 0.001).
      Subjects, days and sample duplicate determinations contributed 89, 9 and 2 per
      cent, respectively, to the variance for energy; 87, 12 and 1 per cent for
      nitrogen; 75, 21 and 4 per cent for lactose; and 92, 8 and less than 1 per cent
      for fat. The reliability of mean estimates for a group or for an individual was
      derived for various combinations of subjects, days and duplicates to provide a
      tool for planning future studies.

PMID- 3396526
TI  - Nutritional state after colon interposition for benign oesophageal disease.
AB  - The nutritional state of 32 patients after (mean 66 months) colon interposition
      due to benign oesophageal disease was examined. Forty-four per cent of the
      patients had depleted iron stores (low serum ferritin concentration). Serum iron
      and blood haemoglobin concentrations were lower (P less than 0.001) in those with
      low than in those with normal serum ferritin concentration (115 +/- 12 g/l and 15
      +/- 5 mumol/l vs 135 +/- 12 g/l and 23 +/- 9 mumol/l). Most very low blood
      haemoglobin concentrations (less than 110 g/l) were found in patients with
      depleted iron stores. Eighteen patients had serum albumin concentrations slightly
      below (35-39 g/l) the normal range, and two other patients had values less than
      35 g/l. The patients had less dietary iron (13 +/- 6 mg/d) than age- and sex
      matched controls (19 +/- 7 mg/d), but the intake of patients with depleted iron
      stores (12 +/- 5 mg/d) was similar to that of patients with normal iron stores
      (14 +/- 6 mg/d). Symptoms and/or the replacement of colon graft anti- or
      isoperistaltically did not have any significant association with the nutritional
      status, only slightly reduced blood haemoglobin and serum albumin concentration
      were found among the symptomatic patients and the patients with an
      antiperistaltic graft. Iron therapy and protein supplements, eg, from milk, egg,
      soy and meat, are recommended as the dietary treatment. To improve the
      nutritional status a short intra-abdominal colon graft loop anastomosed to the
      proximal stomach instead of long loop with an antral anastomosis of the present
      patients is suggested.

PMID- 3396527
TI  - Altered cortisol levels in relation to Ramadan.
AB  - During the month of Muslim fasting (Ramadan) many people alter their sleeping
      habits and stay awake most of the night. We investigated the effect of this
      alteration on morning and midnight cortisol levels in 10 healthy adults in their
      homes. Four of the subjects showed alteration of the cortisol rhythm during the
      last 2 weeks of fasting with reversal of the morning/midnight ratio in some
      values. One lady was admitted for 24-h cortisol profile on Day 15 of Ramadan when
      the acrophase and nadir showed a forward shift by about 5-6 h, consistent with
      the shift of the subject's sleep. The morning cortisol returned to normal in all
      subjects 4 weeks after Ramadan. However, the midnight value was above 250 nmol/l
      in three of the subjects who exhibited the alteration during Ramadan. These
      findings suggest that single-point cortisol values can be misleading in many
      Muslin countries during or shortly after Ramadan.

PMID- 3396530
TI  - Dietary intake of healthy subjects before and one year after dietary advice.
AB  - This study was conducted to follow up healthy subjects from a previous study
      (Warwick & Williams, 1987) in which favourable dietary changes were achieved
      during 1 week immediately after dietary advice but were accompanied by reduced
      energy intakes and weight loss. Twenty-one subjects (8m, 13f; 57 per cent of the
      original group) participated in the follow-up study. Dietary intakes were
      measured using 7-d weighed records on three occasions: before, immediately after
      and 1 year after receiving dietary advice. Intakes 1 year after dietary advice
      continued to show some of the favourable changes observed immediately after the
      advice but were not accompanied by reduced energy intakes and weight loss.
      Intakes before, immediately after, and 1 year after dietary advice respectively
      were: energy, 9.0, 7.8 and 8.9 MJ/d (2150, 1860 and 2120 kcal/d); fat, 36.9, 32.9
      and 31.5 per cent of total energy; carbohydrate, 44.2, 47.9 and 49.6 per cent of
      total energy; dietary fibre, 32, 36 and 36 g/d; sodium, 116, 97 and 110 mmol/d;
      and Na:K ratio, 1.4, 1.2 and 1.2 mmol. Nutrient densities for fibre and most
      micronutrients tended to be higher 1 year after dietary advice than before, but
      were highest immediately after the advice. Nutrient densities for sodium and
      total sugars did not vary between the 3 study weeks. It was concluded that our
      healthy subjects adapted their intakes to maintain energy balance while retaining
      favourable dietary changes for at least 1 year after dietary advice.

PMID- 3396528
TI  - Malnutrition among tuberculosis patients in Harrow, England.
AB  - Nutritional assessment was performed on 30 patients, aged 19-61 years, admitted
      to the Lister Unit of Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, with active tuberculosis.
      Nutritional measurements were related to the duration and extent of disease, and
      also compared with those obtained in healthy age-, sex- and ethnic-matched
      controls before and during treatment of patients. Tuberculosis patients had
      significant reductions in body mass index (weight/height2) (P = 0.001), triceps
      skinfold thickness (P = 0.01), arm muscle circumference (P = 0.002), serum
      albumin (P less than 0.0001), iron (P less than 0.0001) and total iron binding
      capacity (P less than 0.001). Chemotherapy was associated with progressive
      nutritional recovery and restoration of nutrition-related indices. However, mean
      arm muscle circumference and serum albumin levels of the patients remained
      subnormal at 12 months, suggesting that body protein reserves may not be fully
      repleted during treatment. Active tuberculosis is associated with profound
      protein-energy undernutrition which improves during treatment. Further study is
      required to determine whether dietary protein supplementation may accelerate
      recovery from tuberculosis.

PMID- 3396529
TI  - Nutritional status of the water-soluble vitamins in an active Chinese elderly
      population in Hong Kong.
AB  - Dietary intakes of thiamine, riboflavin, nicotinic and ascorbic acid, together
      with the biochemical status of thiamine, riboflavin, pyridoxine and ascorbic
      acid, were determined in a cluster sample of 419 healthy active elderly subjects
      aged 60 years and above living in the community. Nicotinic acid intake per 1000
      kcal (4.18 MJ) of food energy showed an age-related decrease in men, while women
      had higher ascorbic acid intakes than men. Between 38 and 98 per cent of this
      population have intakes of thiamine, riboflavin and nicotinic acid below the UK
      RDA values. Intakes of ascorbic acid were below the RDA for 17 per cent of men
      and 9 per cent of women. The prevalence of biochemical deficiency was 8, 14, 11.5
      and 24 per cent for thiamine, riboflavin, pyridoxine and ascorbic acid
      respectively. A significant difference in intakes between groups with blood
      levels within and below the reference range was seen only for riboflavin,
      suggesting that factors other than low intake may be more important in
      contributing to low blood levels for thiamine and ascorbic acid. However,
      inaccuracies in dietary intake estimations may contribute to the poor
      correlation.

PMID- 3396531
TI  - Nutritional status in Malawian patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and response
      to chemotherapy.
AB  - Anthropometric measurements, hand-grip dynamometry and serum albumin
      determinations were performed on 122 (73 m, 49 f) Malawian patients, aged 16-68
      years, who were consecutively admitted to the chest wards, Kamuzu Central
      Hospital, Lilongwe, with sputum-positive pulmonary tuberculosis. Nutritional
      findings were compared with those obtained in healthy age- and sex-matched
      controls, and were also related to clinical and radiographic features. All
      patients received chemotherapy under supervision in hospital for 8 weeks, and
      nutritional status was monitored at 4-week intervals. Weight, muscle mass and
      function, subcutaneous fat and serum albumin were all significantly reduced
      compared with controls (P less than 0.001), and the nutritional deficit increased
      with the extent of radiographic disease. With chemotherapy there was a
      significant improvement at 4 weeks, and again at 8 weeks, in all nutritional
      indices (P less than 0.05), and this occurred irrespective of clinical,
      radiographic and nutritional features which were observed on admission. The
      results indicate that pulmonary tuberculosis is associated with a high degree of
      undernutrition, but this improves with effective chemotherapy.

PMID- 3396532
TI  - A heat shock protein localized to chloroplasts is a member of a eukaryotic
      superfamily of heat shock proteins.
AB  - We have isolated cDNA clones from soybean and pea that specify nuclear-encoded
      heat shock proteins (HSPs) which localize to chloroplasts. The mRNAs for these
      HSPs are undetectable at control temperatures, but increase approximately 150
      fold during a 2-h heat shock. Hybridization-selection followed by in vitro
      translation demonstrates that these HSPs are synthesized as precursor proteins
      which are processed by the removal of 5-6.5 kd during import into isolated
      chloroplasts. The nucleotide sequence of the cDNAs shows the derived amino acid
      sequences of the mature pea and soybean proteins are 79% identical. While the
      predicted transit peptide encoded by the pea cDNA has some characteristics
      typical of transit sequences, including high Ser content, multiple basic residues
      and no acidic residues, it lacks two domains proposed to be important for import
      and maturation of other chloroplast proteins. The carboxy-terminal region of the
      chloroplast HSP has significant homology to cytoplasmic HSPs from soybean and
      other eukaryotes. We hypothesize that the chloroplast HSP shares a common
      structural and functional domain with low mol. wt HSPs which localize to other
      parts of the cell, and may have evolved from a nuclear gene.

PMID- 3396533
TI  - Detection of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha-subunit mRNA by in situ
      hybridization at neuromuscular junctions of 15-day-old chick striated muscles.
AB  - In adult vertebrate striated muscle, the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR)
      is almost exclusively localized in the postsynaptic membrane of the neuromuscular
      junction. Using in situ hybridization, we show that, in two different chicken
      muscles [the slow multi-innervated anterior latissimus dorsi (ALD) and the fast
      singly innervated posterior latissimus dorsi (PLD)], the AChR alpha-subunit mRNA
      is detected at discrete regions on myofibres and that these regions co-localize
      (80% correspondence) with neuromuscular junctions identified by histochemical
      staining for acetylcholinesterase. Moreover, autoradiographic grains densely
      accumulate on and around subsynaptic nuclei. In contrast, hybridization with an
      actin probe results in a strong signal distributed over the entire length of the
      myofibres. Denervation increases the level of AChR alpha-subunit mRNA both in the
      PLD and to a lesser extent in the ALD. By in situ hybridization we observe that,
      although a perinuclear pattern is maintained, the labelled nuclei appear randomly
      distributed among approximately 10% of the nuclei. These results are discussed in
      a model of AChR gene expression in vertebrate striated muscle fibres.

PMID- 3396534
TI  - Differential splicing and alternative polyadenylation generates distinct NCAM
      transcripts and proteins in the mouse.
AB  - The neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) exists in at least three different
      protein isoforms which are selectively expressed by different cell types and at
      different stages of development. They are encoded by four to five different
      transcripts that are derived from a single gene. Here we report the exon--intron
      structure of the 3' part of the mouse NCAM gene. This region contains six exons.
      The 5' exon is constitutively expressed in all four prominent size classes of
      NCAM mRNAs detected in the mouse brain. The second exon contains the poly(A)
      addition sites for the two smaller mRNAs of 5.2 and 2.9 kb which differ in the
      length of their 3' non-coding regions and seem both to encode NCAM-120. This
      second exon is absent in the largest 7.4 kb transcript which encodes NCAM-180; in
      the 6.7 kb mRNA, which appears to code for NCAM-140, the second and the fifth
      exon have been spliced out. This data explains how the prominent four transcripts
      and three protein isoforms of mouse NCAM are generated from a single gene. The
      alternatively spliced fifth exon is surrounded by inverted repeats potentially
      capable of secondary structure formation, that may sequester this exon in a loop.

PMID- 3396535
TI  - Binding to membrane proteins within the endoplasmic reticulum cannot explain the
      retention of the glucose-regulated protein GRP78 in Xenopus oocytes.
AB  - We have studied the compartmentation and movement of the rat 78-kd glucose
      regulated protein (GRP78) and other secretory and membrane proteins in Xenopus
      oocytes. Full length GRP78, normally found in the lumen of rat endoplasmic
      reticulum (ER), is localized to a membraneous compartment in oocytes and is not
      secreted. A truncated GRP78 lacking the C-terminal (KDEL) ER retention signal is
      secreted, although at a slow rate. When the synthesis of radioactive GRP78 is
      confined to a polar (animal or vegetal) region of the oocyte and the subsequent
      movement across the oocyte monitored, we find that both full-length and truncated
      GRP78 move at similar rates and only slightly slower than a secretory protein,
      chick ovalbumin. In contrast, a plasma membrane protein (influenza
      haemagglutinin) and two ER membrane proteins (rotavirus VP10 and a mutant
      haemagglutinin) remained confined to their site of synthesis. We conclude that
      the retention of GRP78 in the ER is not due to its tight binding to a membrane
      bound receptor.

PMID- 3396536
TI  - Import of honeybee prepromelittin into the endoplasmic reticulum: energy
      requirements for membrane insertion.
AB  - The import of small precursor proteins, derived from the honeybee secretory
      protein prepromelittin, into dog pancreas microsomes is independent of signal
      recognition particle (SRP) and docking protein, but requires that charged amino
      acids at the amino terminus of the mature part are counterbalanced by amino acids
      with the opposite charge at the carboxy terminus. The import pathway of such
      precursor proteins was resolved into two sequential steps: (i) binding of
      precursors to microsomes, and (ii) insertion of precursors into the membrane.
      Formation of an intramolecular disulfide bridge within the mature part of these
      precursor proteins allowed association of the oxidized precursors with the
      microsomal membrane but reversibly inhibited their membrane insertion.
      Furthermore, membrane insertion was inhibited by ATP depletion. Different
      prepromelittin derivatives were found to depend on ATP to varying degrees. We
      conclude that insertion of prepromelittin-derived precursor proteins into
      microsomal membranes involves a competent conformation of the precursor proteins
      and that, in general, this is accomplished with the help of both a cytoplasmic
      component and ATP.

PMID- 3396537
TI  - Amphiphilicity is essential for mitochondrial presequence function.
AB  - We have shown earlier that a mitochondrial presequence peptide can form an
      amphiphilic helix. However, the importance of amphiphilicity for mitochondrial
      presequence function became doubtful when an artificial presequence, designed to
      be non-amphiphilic, proved to be active as a mitochondrial import signal. We now
      show experimentally that this 'non-amphiphilic' presequence peptide is, in fact,
      highly amphiphilic as measured by its ability to insert into phospholipid
      monolayers and to disrupt phospholipid vesicles. This result, and similar tests
      on three additional artificial presequences (two functionally active and one
      inactive), revealed that all active presequences were amphiphilic whereas the
      inactive presequence was non-amphiphilic. One of the active presequence peptides
      was non-helical in solution and in the presence of detergent micelles. We
      conclude that amphiphilicity is necessary for mitochondrial presequence function
      whereas a helical structure may not be essential.

PMID- 3396538
TI  - Assembly of spaced chromatin promoted by DNA synthesis in extracts from Xenopus
      eggs.
AB  - A cell-free system from Xenopus eggs mimics the reaction occurring at the
      eukaryotic replicative fork in vivo when chromatin assembly is coupled to
      complementary strand synthesis of DNA. DNA synthesis on single-stranded circular
      DNA promotes supercoiling and the replicated molecule sediments as a discrete
      nucleoprotein complex. Micrococcal nuclease digestion reveals a characteristic
      pattern of multiples of 200 bp of DNA. The kinetics of chromatin assembly and DNA
      synthesis are coincident and both processes occur with a rate comparable with
      chromosomal replication in vivo in early embryos. The DNA synthesis reaction can
      be uncoupled from the assembly reaction. Thus, titration of chromatin proteins by
      preincubation of the extract with double-stranded DNA prevents the supercoiling
      of replicated DNA without affecting the rate of synthesis. In contrast, chromatin
      assembly performed on unreplicated double-stranded DNA is a slower process as
      compared with the assembly coupled to DNA synthesis. Supercoiled molecules are
      detected after 30 min replication whereas at least 2 h are required to observe
      the first form I DNA with unreplicated double-stranded DNA. Such a system where
      chromatin assembly is promoted by DNA synthesis should be valuable for studying
      the interaction of specific factors with DNA during chromatin assembly at the
      replicative fork.

PMID- 3396539
TI  - The structure and expression of a novel gene activated in early mouse
      embryogenesis.
AB  - We report the cloning and sequence determination of the mouse H19 gene. This gene
      is under the genetic control of two trans-acting loci in the mouse, termed raf
      and Rif. These loci determine the adult basal and inducible levels, respectively,
      of H19 mRNA, as well as the mRNA for alpha-fetoprotein. By elucidating the
      sequence and structure of the H19 gene we show that it is unrelated to the alpha
      fetoprotein gene, and therefore must have acquired its regulation by raf and Rif
      independently. The sequence also indicates that the H19 gene has a very unusual
      structure. It is composed of five exons, 1307, 135, 119, 127 and 560 bp in size,
      along with four very small introns whose combined lengths are 270 bases. The
      largest open reading frame of the gene, sufficient to encode a protein of
      approximately 14 kd, is contained entirely within the first large exon, 680 bases
      downstream of the cap site of the mRNA. Preceding the translation initiation
      codon are four ATG codons, each of which is followed shortly thereafter by
      translation terminator codons. The rest of the gene, which encompasses all five
      exons, is presumed to be untranslated. That the long 5' untranslated region may
      be used to regulate the translation of the mRNA is suggested from in vitro
      translation studies. Experiments which utilized tissue culture cell lines of the
      mesodermal lineage suggest that the gene is activated very early during muscle
      cell differentiation.

PMID- 3396540
TI  - Content and organization of the human Ig VH locus: definition of three new VH
      families and linkage to the Ig CH locus.
AB  - We present a detailed analysis of the content and organization of the human
      immunoglobulin VH locus. Human VH genes representing five distinct families were
      isolated, including novel members belonging to two out of three of the known VH
      gene families (VH1 and VH3) as well as members of three new families (VH4, VH5,
      and VH6). We report the nucleotide sequence of 21 novel human VH genes, many of
      which belong to the three new VH gene families. In addition, we provide a
      preliminary analysis of the organization of these gene segments over the full
      extent of the locus. We find that the five multi-segment families (VH1-5) have
      members interspersed over nearly the full 1500-2000 kb of the VH locus, and
      estimate that the entire heavy chain locus covers 2500 kb or less. Finally, we
      provide the first report of the physical linkage of the variable and constant
      loci of a human Ig gene family by demonstrating that the most proximal known
      human VH segments lie within 100 kb of the constant region locus.

PMID- 3396541
TI  - Transcription of T cell receptor beta-chain genes is controlled by a downstream
      regulatory element.
AB  - To characterize cis-acting elements controlling the expression of T cell receptor
      beta-chains we generated a number of transgenic mouse lines harboring a
      rearranged T cell receptor beta-chain with different extensions of 5' and 3'
      flanking sequences. Transcriptional analysis of transgenic mice carrying these
      clones showed that sequences located downstream of the polyadenylation signal of
      the C beta 2 region are indispensable for expression in transgenic mice. The
      sequences conferring enhancer activity in this fragment were further defined by
      transient CAT assays. Strong enhancer activity was found to reside in a 550 bp
      fragment located 5 kb downstream from C beta 2. The nucleotide sequence of this
      fragment revealed a number of oligonucleotide motifs characteristic for enhancer
      elements.

PMID- 3396542
TI  - Both early and late Drosophila chorion gene promoters confer correct temporal,
      tissue and sex specificity on a reporter Adh gene.
AB  - In vivo transformation studies have been performed using fusion constructs of
      chorion DNA and the alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) structural gene. The results
      indicate that almost exclusively 5' flanking DNA regions of the early (s36) and
      late (s15) chorion genes suffice for conferring normal chorion developmental
      specificity (sex, tissue and temporal) on the reporter gene. In the case of s15,
      the proximal 5' flanking DNA up to position -370 is sufficient for specificity.
      However, quantitative analysis indicates that one or more elements within or
      downstream of the s15 gene are required, either transcriptionally or post
      transcriptionally, for attainment of an mRNA level comparable to that of the
      endogenous s15 gene (corrected for amplification); in the absence of such
      element(s), the average level of Adh transcript produced by fusion gene
      constructs is 18-fold lower.

PMID- 3396544
TI  - Interaction of a protein from rat liver nuclei with cruciform DNA.
AB  - We constructed a synthetic cruciform DNA which closely resembles Holliday
      junctions, a DNA structure formed during recombination or following the
      transition from interstrand to intrastrand base pairing in palindromic DNA
      sequences. We identified and partially purified a protein from rat liver that
      specifically binds to this cruciform DNA molecule and does not bind to single
      stranded or double-stranded DNAs of the same sequence. This protein also binds to
      the cruciform structure formed by a 70 bp palindromic sequence cloned in plasmid
      pUC18. No detectable nucleolytic activity is associated with the rat liver
      cruciform-binding protein, in contrast to all cruciform-recognizing proteins
      known so far.

PMID- 3396543
TI  - Specific contacts between mammalian U7 snRNA and histone precursor RNA are
      indispensable for the in vitro 3' RNA processing reaction.
AB  - We have made a detailed molecular analysis of the reactions leading to the
      formation of mature 3' ends in mammalian histone mRNAs. Using two analytical
      protocols we have identified an essential sequence motif in the downstream spacer
      which is consistently present, albeit in diffuse form, mammalian histone genes.
      Tampering with this sequence element completely abolishes 3' processing. However,
      3' cleavage in vitro, although at a very much reduced rate, can be detected when
      the conserved hairpin is deleted from histone precursor mRNAs. U7 snRNA,
      previously shown to be essential for the maturation of sea urchin histone
      messages, was isolated from murine cells and the sequence was determined. The
      approximately 63-nucleotide, trimethyl-G-capped, murine U7 snRNA possesses a
      sequence shown in the sea urchin U7 to be required for Sm-precipitability, and
      like the sea urchin U7, the 3' end of murine U7 is encased in a hairpin
      structure. The 5' sequence of murine U7 exhibits extensive sequence
      complementarity to the conserved downstream motif of the histone precursor. As
      expected, oligo-nucleotide-directed RNase H cleavage of this portion of murine U7
      inhibits the in vitro processing reaction. These experiments identify a set of
      specific contacts between mammalian U7 and histone precursor RNA which is
      indispensable for the maturation reaction.

PMID- 3396545
TI  - Bupivacaine pharmacokinetics during epidural anaesthesia in children.
AB  - Blood concentrations and pharmacokinetic parameters of bupivacaine were measured
      after epidural injection in children aged from 1 to 7 years. The children were
      allocated to two groups. In Group 1 (five children), pharmacokinetic parameters
      were measured after a single bolus injection of bupivacaine 0.25% with adrenaline
      1:200,000. In Group 2 (eight children), pharmacokinetic parameters were measured
      after the initial injection and the second injection. The same local anaesthetic
      was used. The volume of the second injection was half of the initial volume. In
      children of Group 1, maximum mean concentration (CPmax) was 0.64 +/- 0.05
      microgram ml-1, time to maximum concentration (Tmax) 19.2 +/- 3.9 min, vascular
      absorption (T1/2 abs) 4.3 +/- 1.5 min, terminal half-life (T1/2 beta) 227 +/-
      37.7 min, volume of distribution (Vd) 3.4 +/- 0.51 kg-1, and total body clearance
      (Clt) 11.0 +/- 2.0 ml min-1 kg-1. When compared to an adult's pharmacokinetic
      parameters, both Vd and Clt were increased, so that T1/2 beta remained
      essentially unchanged. In children of Group 2, the first repeat injection was
      performed at 110 +/- 6.9 min. Mean CPmax increased significantly (20% after the
      second injection), whereas the values of the pharmacokinetic parameters measured
      did not differ significantly from those measured in children in Group 1. The
      results obtained in the present study demonstrate that the pharmacokinetic
      parameters of bupivacaine in children do not differ markedly from those reported
      in adults and that in the recommended dosage, the mean maximum concentrations,
      even after the second injection, are less than the presumed toxic levels.

PMID- 3396546
TI  - Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and plasma vasopressin in surgical patients
      anaesthetized with halothane or isoflurane.
AB  - The effects of halothane and isoflurane anaesthesia on plasma renin activity and
      plasma concentrations of aldosterone and vasopressin were investigated in 20
      cholecystectomy patients. Plasma renin activity rose significantly during both
      halothane and isoflurane anaesthesia without surgery, and increased further after
      the commencement of operation. Plasma aldosterone increased slightly during
      halothane and isoflurane anaesthesia, but the highest concentrations, three times
      the control values, were measured during surgery in both groups. Plasma
      vasopressin decreased during halothane and isoflurane anaesthesia to half of the
      control values, but rose significantly during cholecystectomy. During anaesthesia
      and surgery there were no significant differences in the mean arterial pressures
      of the groups. The results demonstrate that isoflurane stimulates the renin
      angiotensin system to a similar extent as halothane, although it causes
      hypotension by a different mechanism. The activation of the renin-angiotensin
      aldosterone system may be an essential compensatory mechanism, which antagonizes
      the decrease of blood pressure. Plasma vasopressin probably has no role in
      regulating blood pressure during anaesthesia.

PMID- 3396548
TI  - Sleep apnoea syndrome in pregnancy: a case report.
AB  - A case of sleep apnoea syndrome in a pregnant patient is reported here. For
      obstetric reasons, and because of the possibility that a metabolic and
      respiratory acidosis associated with the apnoea syndrome might have developed, we
      decided to do a caesarian section. Orotracheal intubation was particularly
      difficult because of the patient's abnormal mandibular, palatal and
      retropharyngeal shape, which was probably the underlying cause of the apnoeic
      syndrome.

PMID- 3396549
TI  - Blood loss in total hip replacement.

PMID- 3396547
TI  - Serum myoglobin following tourniquet release under anaesthesia.
AB  - Serum myoglobin concentrations were studied in 34 patients during tendon and
      nerve reconstruction operations that required the application of a pneumatic limb
      tourniquet. Seventeen patients received general anaesthesia without the use of
      suxamethonium, while the remaining 17 were given suxamethonium as part of the
      anaesthetic technique. Tourniquet times of up to 2.5 h were associated with
      negligible myoglobin release, but the use of suxamethonium administration
      resulted in a rise of serum myoglobin in some subjects, reaching a maximum of 300
      micrograms litre-1 20-40 min after induction. No rise in serum myoglobin occurred
      in any patient following deflation of the tourniquet. Three of the four patients
      who required a re-application of the tourniquet (after a short reperfusion time)
      had rises of serum myoglobin up to 120 micrograms litre-1 following the second
      deflation. Pneumatic tourniquets appear to cause no detectable ischaemic damage
      for up to 2.5 h, with or without prior use of suxamethonium. Re-application after
      only a short period of reperfusion may be inadvisable.

PMID- 3396550
TI  - Plasma volume during heat stress and exercise in women.
AB  - Five women were studied during exercise and passive heating to determine whether
      PV dynamics were affected by the menstrual cycle. The exercise bout (80% VO2
      peak) on a modified cycle ergometer and the passive heat stress were done in a
      hot environment (Ta = 50 degrees C, Pw = 1.61 kPa) during the follicular and
      luteal phase. Esophageal temperature (Tes) was measured continuously. Blood
      samples were drawn after each 0.2 degree C increase in Tes and VO2 was measured
      at that time. Initial PV was estimated at rest during the follicular phase. PV
      changes from rest were calculated at each Tes from Hb and Hct. During passive
      heating, PV decreased by a mean volume of 156 (+/- 80) ml to 2.83 (+/- 0.09) l in
      the follicular phase. During the luteal phase, there was a larger volume
      reduction (300 +/- 100 ml) during passive heating, and the final PV was lower
      than in the follicular phase and averaged 2.47 +/- 0.18 l. During exercise, PV
      decreased 463 (+/- 90) ml to 2.50 (+/- 0.11) l in the follicular and 381 (+/- 70)
      ml to 2.50 (+/- 0.23) l in the luteal phase. These data indicate that there is a
      menstrual cycle effect on PV dynamics during passive heating such that more fluid
      is shifted out of the vasculature during the luteal phase. During severe exercise
      there is a greater fluid loss during the follicular phase, yet the final PV is
      not different between phases.

PMID- 3396551
TI  - Mechanical muscular power output and work during ergometer cycling at different
      work loads and speeds.
AB  - The aim of the study was to calculate the magnitude of the instantaneous muscular
      power output at the hip, knee and ankle joints during ergometer cycling at
      different work loads and speeds. Six healthy subjects pedalled a weight-braked
      cycle ergometer at 0, 120 and 240 W at a constant speed of 60 rpm. The subjects
      also pedalled at 40, 60, 80 and 100 rpm against the same resistance, giving power
      outputs of 80, 120, 160 and 200 W respectively. The subjects were filmed with a
      cine-film camera, and pedal reaction forces were recorded from a force transducer
      mounted in the pedal. The muscular work for the hip, knee and ankle joint muscles
      was calculated using a model based upon dynamic mechanics and described
      elsewhere. The total work during one pedal revolution significantly increased
      with increased work load but did not increase with increased pedalling rate at
      the same braking force. The relative proportions of total positive work at the
      hip, knee and ankle joints were also calculated. Hip and ankle extension work
      proportionally decreased with increased work load. Pedalling rate did not change
      the relative proportion of total work at the different joints.

PMID- 3396553
TI  - Changes in the surface electromyogram during increasing isometric shoulder
      forward flexions.
AB  - When using electromyographic techniques in the evaluation of muscular load it is
      necessary to determine the mathematical relationship between the torque and the
      amplitude of the electromyographic signal. Isometric gradually increasing
      contractions up to 100% MVC can then be used. Often more than linear increases
      for the amplitude (RMS)--force regression have been reported. The present study
      was designed to test whether changes in power spectral density function take
      place during a gradually increasing isometric contraction (duration 10 s). Twenty
      two clinically healthy females performed an increasing isometric shoulder forward
      flexion for 10 s using an isokinetic dynamometer. Electromyographic activity was
      measured in trapezius, deltoid, infraspinatus and biceps brachii using surface
      electrodes. Mean torque values were determined together with mean power frequency
      (MPF) and root mean square values (RMS) from the EMG signals for each 256 ms
      period. The RMS-torque regressions showed higher regression coefficients during
      the 6th to 9th sec than during the first 5 s. No significant correlation existed
      between MPF for the four muscles and the torque. A gradual decrease in MPF was
      generally found from the 6th s. It is concluded that this decrease in power
      spectral density function might have contributed to the significantly higher
      regression coefficient for the RMS torque regression at the high output part of
      the gradually increasing isometric contraction.

PMID- 3396552
TI  - Effect of lung resection on blood lactate threshold in lung cancer patients.
AB  - We studied the effect of a decrease in vital capacity (VC) on the blood lactate
      threshold detected during exercise in 16 preoperative (PRE) and 10 postoperative
      (POST) lung cancer patients who had undergone lobectomy or pneumonectomy. The PRE
      patients were selected on the basis of having normal preoperative pulmonary
      function. The POST patients were selected on the basis of having normal
      preoperative pulmonary function and a postoperative VC of less than 80%. The
      oxygen consumption/body surface area at a 2.2 m.mol.l-1 arterial lactate
      concentration (VO2/BSA at La-2.2) was adopted as the blood lactate threshold.
      VC/BSA in the POST group significantly correlated with VO2/BSA at La-2.2 (r =
      0.85, P less than 0.01), but not in the PRE group. SaO2 at La-2.2 was 95.4 +/-
      1.5% in the PRE group and 95.2 +/- 1.3% in the POST group. SaO2 at La-2.2 did not
      correlated with VC/BSA in either group. The hemoglobin concentration (Hb) in the
      arterial blood correlated significantly with VC/BSA in the POST group (r = 0.65,
      P less than 0.05) but not in the PRE group. These results indicate that VO2/BSA
      at La-2.2 was restricted by VC in patients with restrictive pulmonary function
      disorder. Of the three elements of oxygen delivery, Hb was a limiting factor for
      VO2/BSA at La-2.2 but SaO2 was not. Cardiac output, which was not measured in our
      study, was speculated to be another limiting factor for VO2/BSA at La-2.2.

PMID- 3396554
TI  - Effects of leg activity and ambient barometric pressure on foot swelling and
      lower-limb skin temperature during 8 h of sitting.
AB  - Prolonged immobilization in an upright position often leads to discomfort and
      oedema in the feet of otherwise healthy subjects. To determine the significance
      of leg activity and ambient pressure on oedema formation, skin temperature (Tsk)
      and discomfort, 6 volunteers sat for 8 h with one leg immobilized and the other
      spontaneously active; one day at "sea level" (750 mmHg) and one day at reduced
      barometric pressure (540 mmHg). Foot swelling was measured by water
      plethysmography. Leg movements were continuously monitored by a Vitalog computer,
      and foot discomfort was estimated by analog-visual scales. The 8 hour swelling
      averaged 5.7% in the inactive foot, and 2.7% in the active foot (p less than
      0.001). Tsk of the inactive foot levelled off towards ambient temperature (21
      degrees C) within 4 h. For the active foot this fall was reduced by 2-3 degrees C
      (p less than 0.025). The increase in foot discomfort during the day was lowest in
      the active foot (p less than 0.005). High foot Tsk was associated with a high
      foot swelling rate. Reduced ambient barometric pressure had no effects on foot
      swelling or Tsk. It is concluded that modest leg activity during 8 h of sitting
      has several effects on the circulation in the feet: some effects promote and some
      prevent oedema formation. However, the net result is a reduction in foot
      swelling.

PMID- 3396555
TI  - Surface EMG recordings during maximum static shoulder forward flexion in
      different positions.
AB  - This study investigated how position in the range of motion influences the power
      spectral density function during static shoulder forward flexion. 23 healthy
      females (20-30 years) volunteered as subjects. They performed maximum static
      shoulder forward flexions in three positions: 45, 65 and 90 degrees of shoulder
      flexion. An isokinetic dynamometer was used and the subjects were seated in a
      specially constructed chair to enable adequate fixation. The elbow was extended
      and the hand pronated. Electromyographic (EMG) signals (using surface electrodes)
      were obtained from the descending part of the right trapezius, the anterior
      portion of the right deltoid, the right infraspinatus and the common belly of the
      right biceps brachii. The four EMG-signals and the torque and shoulder angle were
      analyzed by computer. For each 256 ms, mean power frequency, root mean square
      value and mean torque were calculated. At each of the three positions four 256 ms
      periods were analyzed and the data are presented as their means. In the trapezius
      and the biceps brachii the mean power frequency did not change between the three
      positions. Deltoid and infraspinatus had significantly higher mean power
      frequencies at 90 degrees than at 45 degrees of flexion. Different factors behind
      the change in mean power frequency are discussed. The need to standardize the
      range of motion when studying dynamic fatiguing contractions is emphasised.

PMID- 3396556
TI  - Comparison of two methods for aerobic threshold determination.
AB  - A new method of aerobic threshold (AerT) determination, as a minimum of so-called
      lactate equivalent (Berg et al. 1980; Lehmann et al. 1983), was compared with the
      generally used method (AerT1) presented first by Wasserman et al. (1973). The
      comparison was made with data from 32 subjects in repeated maximal exercise tests
      on a bicycle ergometer. The AerT as a minimum of lactate equivalent was
      determined using both a computerized method for curve fitting (AerT3) and visual
      inspection (AerT2). AerT2 and AerT3 showed similarity: the regression coefficient
      was 0.88 and 0.95 and the correlation coefficient was 0.84 and 0.88 in the first
      and in the second tests, respectively. AerT1 and AerT2 showed similar mean
      estimated values, but AerT3 showed slightly higher mean values than AerT1 (p less
      than 0.05 and p less than 0.01) or AerT2 (p less than 0.01). The regression
      coefficients between AerT1 and AerT2 or AerT3 (0.60-0.71) showed different slopes
      from the identity (p less than 0.001). The corresponding correlation coefficients
      were 0.88 and 0.89 with AerT2, and 0.75 and 0.79 with AerT3 respectively in the
      first and second tests. However, in two thirds of all determinations the
      difference between these two estimation methods (AerT1 and AerT2) was less than
      or equal to 0.10 l O2.min-1. In conclusion, AerT as a minimum of lactate
      equivalent differed slightly from AerT determined using the traditional method.
      However, its determination criterion is unambiguous and allows objective
      computerized curve fitting. The physiological correlates of this new AerT index
      should be studied carefully before final evaluation of its usefulness in
      applications can be made.

PMID- 3396557
TI  - Aerobic power and pubertal peak height velocity in Belgian boys.
AB  - To determine the cardiorespiratory response to maximal exercise before, during
      and after the pubescent growth spurt, thirty boys were tested at yearly intervals
      over a period of six consecutive years. For each individual, peak height velocity
      (PHV) was determined. The age at PHV (X = 13.6 years) was taken as a standard of
      maturation. The results from all subjects at 1.5 and 0.5 years before and 0.5 and
      1.5 years after PHV are presented. The highest oxygen uptake (VO2) obtained
      during an incremental bicycle ergometer test to voluntary exhaustion was taken as
      peak oxygen uptake (VO2 peak). Across each of the four years studied, mean VO2
      peak (min = 49.6; max = 52.5 ml.kg-1.min-1) and mean heart rate (HR) at VO2 peak
      (min = 190; max = 192) did not change significantly as a function of PHV. On the
      other hand, the respiratory quotient at VO2 peak increased considerably from mean
      minima and maxima of 0.99 and 1.01 before PHV to 1.07 and 1.10 after PHV.
      Ventilatory equivalent for VO2 (VE/VO2), taken as an indicator of ventilatory
      economy, seemed to be unaffected by the maturation process. The steepest increase
      in circumpubertal oxygen pulse was found one year after PHV. Average stability
      coefficients (r), calculated from the inter-years correlations were high for
      height (r = 0.95), weight (r = 0.92), HR at VO2 peak (r = 0.74), VO2 peak in
      1/min (r = 0.71), oxygen pulse (r = 0.68) and tidal volume (r = 0.64).

PMID- 3396558
TI  - Acute altitude exposure and altered acid-base states. II. Effects on exercise
      performance and muscle and blood lactate.
AB  - This study examined the influence of the respiratory alkalosis of acute altitude
      (AL) exposure alone or in combination with metabolic acid-base manipulations on
      exercise performance and muscle and blood lactate accumulation. Four subjects
      exercised for 10 min at 50% and 75% and to exhaustion at 90% of ground level (GL)
      VO2max, and at the same relative exercise intensities during three exposures to a
      simulated altitude of 4200 m; (i) normal (NAL), (ii) following 0.2 g.kg-1
      ingestion of sodium bicarbonate (BAL), and (iii) following 0.5 g.day-1 ingestion
      of acetazolamide for 2 days prior to exposure (AAL). Muscle and blood lactate
      values were similar throughout exercise for GL and NAL. Although muscle lactates
      were similar among AL conditions blood lactate was reduced for AAL and increased
      following exhaustive exercise for BAL compared with NAL. Time to exhaustion at
      90% VO2max was increased for NAL (10.4 +/- 1.6 min) compared with GL (7.1 +/- 0.2
      min). Performance time was decreased for AAL (6.3 +/- 2.8 min) compared with NAL
      and BAL (12.4 +/- 4.2 min). These data suggest that the induced respiratory
      alkalosis of acute AL exposure may enhance exercise performance at high relative
      intensities. In contrast, the ingestion of acetazolamide before AL exposure would
      have detrimental effects on performance. The mechanism responsible for these
      changes may relate to the possible influence of altered extracellular acid-base
      states on intracellular hydrogen ion accumulation and lactate release.

PMID- 3396559
TI  - Erythrocyte 2,3-diphosphoglycerate concentration before and after a marathon in
      men.
AB  - Erythrocyte 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) concentration was studied in 23
      runners before and after a marathon race. Blood samples were drawn from an
      antecubital vein the morning before the race (baseline), at 3 p.m. 2 h before the
      start, on finishing, and 12 and 36 h later. Compared to the baseline values,
      erythrocyte 2,3-DPG concentration was increased (p less than 0.001) immediately
      after the marathon from 4.62 +/- 0.14 to 5.56 +/- 0.13 mumol.ml-1 RBC and
      remained elevated 12 h later (5.45 +/- 0.14 mumol.ml-1 RBC): it returned to
      prerace values 36 h after completion of the marathon.

PMID- 3396560
TI  - Effects of training on erythrocyte 2,3-diphosphoglycerate in normal men.
AB  - The erythrocyte 2,3-diphosphoglycerate concentration (2,3-DPG) and the activity
      of red cell hexokinase, pyruvate kinase, glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase and
      glutathione reductase were studied in 27 normal volunteers before and after 2 and
      4 months of physical endurance training. The 4 months of training increased
      maximal oxygen uptake and physical working capacity (PWC130) by 16% (p less than
      0.001) and 29% (p less than 0.001) respectively. Resting heart rate was decreased
      (p less than 0.001) by 11 beats.min-1. With 2 months of training the erythrocyte
      2,3-DPG concentration increased by 9% (p less than 0.001); with 4 months training
      the increase was only 4% (p less than 0.05). The training-induced increase in red
      cell 2,3-DPG was not accompanied by enhanced activity of erythrocyte hexokinase,
      pyruvate kinase, glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase or glutathione reductase. It
      is concluded that the rise in red cell 2,3-DPG induced by physical endurance
      training is not due to activation of red cell glycolytic enzymes or the enzymes
      involved in the pentose-phosphate cycle.

PMID- 3396561
TI  - Shivering and nonshivering thermogenesis in exercised cold-deacclimated rats.
AB  - Norepinephrine (NE)-induced increase in oxygen consumption (VO2) and colonic
      temperature (Tc) was greater in cold-acclimated rats housed at 4 degrees C for 4
      weeks (CA) than warm-acclimated controls housed at 24 degrees C for 4 weeks (WA).
      On the other hand, shivering activity measured at 4 degrees C was less in CA than
      in WA, while propranolol administration eliminated the difference between these
      two groups by enhancing shivering in CA. Wet weight and protein content of
      interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) were greater in CA than in WA.
      Following cold acclimation, CA were deacclimated at 24 degrees C for 5 weeks.
      During deacclimation, half of this latter group were forced to run (15 m.min-1
      for 1 h) every day (CD-T) while the remaining rats remained sedentary (CD-S).
      Shivering activity assessed at 4 degrees C 4 weeks after commencing cold
      deacclimation was significantly less in CD-T than in CD-S and the difference
      disappeared following propranolol injection. VO2 and Tc responses to NE injection
      measured 1, 2 and 5 weeks after commencing cold deacclimation did not differ
      between CD-S and CD-T. Although IBAT weight was lighter in CD-T than in CD-S, its
      total protein content was not different between the latter two groups of rats.
      These results suggest that a greater degree of NE-independent nonshivering
      thermogenesis (NST) is retained in rats that are exercised during the process of
      deacclimation as compared with animals that are sedentary. This difference in NST
      would not seem to be directly related to BAT thermogenic capacity.

PMID- 3396563
TI  - Training induced effects on blood volume, erythrocyte turnover and haemoglobin
      oxygen binding properties.
AB  - The effect of three weeks ergometer training (Tr) 5 times a week for 45 min at
      70% VO2max by 6 subjects on erythrocyte turnover and haemoglobin O2 affinity has
      been studied. Increased reticulocytosis could be observed from the second day
      after beginning Tr until a few days after its end, probably caused by increased
      erythropoietin release by the kidney. Erythrocyte destruction was most pronounced
      in the first and markedly reduced in the third week of Tr. Elevated glutamate
      oxalacetate transaminase activity and creatine as well as lowered mean
      corpuscular haemoglobin indicate a younger erythrocyte population in the first
      week of recovery. Total blood volume increased during the course of Tr by 700 ml,
      mainly caused by a raised plasma volume (74%). Red cell volume increased later
      with maximal values one week after Tr (+280 ml). In this week the standard oxygen
      dissociation curve was most shifted to the right (P50 increased from 3.77 +/-
      0.05 kPa to 3.99 +/- 0.07 kPa) and the Bohr coefficients had their lowest values.
      Both effects are completely explainable by the haemoglobin O2 binding properties
      of young erythrocytes. After training, all parameters of physical performance
      (VO2max, maximal workload, heart rate during rest and exercise) were markedly
      improved, indicating fast adaptation mechanisms. The increased erythrocyte
      turnover, including higher erythropoiesis, seems to be one important part of
      these effects.

PMID- 3396564
TI  - Thermoregulatory adjustments during continuous heat exposure.
AB  - Body temperature regulation was studied in 6 male subjects during an acclimation
      procedure involving uninterrupted heat exposure for 5 successive days and nights
      in a hot dry environment (ambient temperature = 35 degrees C, dew-point
      temperature = 7 degrees C; air velocity = 0.2 m.s-1). Data were obtained at rest
      and during exercise (relative mechanical workload = 35% VO2max). At rest, hourly
      measurements were made of oesophageal and 4 local skin temperatures, to allow the
      calculation of mean skin temperature, and of body motility and heart rate. During
      the working periods these measurements were made at 5 min intervals. Hourly whole
      body weight loss was measured at rest on a sensitive platform scale while in the
      working condition just before starting and immediately after completing the
      bicycle exercise. The results show that, in both exercise and at rest, the
      successive heat exposures increased the sweat gland output during the first 3
      days. Afterwards, sweat rate decreased without any corresponding change in body
      temperature. For the fixed workload, the sweat rate decline was associated with a
      decrease in circulatory strain. Adjustments in both sweating and circulatory
      mechanisms occur in the first 3 days of continuous heat exposure. The overall
      sweat rate decline could involve a redistribution of the regional sweating rates
      which enhances the sweat gland activities of skin areas with maximal evaporative
      efficiencies.

PMID- 3396562
TI  - Comparison of incremental and steady state tests of endurance training.
AB  - To compare the results obtained by incremental or constant work load exercises in
      the evaluation of endurance conditioning, a 20-week training programme was
      performed by 9 healthy human subjects on the bicycle ergometer for 1 h a day, 4
      days a week, at 70-80% VO2max. Before and at the end of the training programme,
      (1) the blood lactate response to a progressive incremental exercise (18 W
      increments every 2nd min until exhaustion) was used to determine the aerobic and
      anaerobic thresholds (AeT and AnT respectively). On a different day, (2) blood
      lactate concentrations were measured during two sessions of constant work load
      exercises of 20 min duration corresponding to the relative intensities of AeT
      (1st session) and AnT (2nd session) levels obtained before training. A muscle
      biopsy was obtained from vastus lateralis at the end of these sessions to
      determine muscle lactate. AeT and AnT, when expressed as % VO2max, increased with
      training by 17% (p less than 0.01) and 9% (p less than 0.05) respectively.
      Constant workload exercise performed at AeT intensity was linked before training
      (60% VO2max) to a blood lactate steady state (4.8 +/- 1.4 mmol.l-1) whereas,
      after training, AeT intensity (73% VO2max) led to a blood lactate accumulation of
      up to 6.6 +/- 1.7 mmol.l-1 without significant modification of muscle lactate
      (7.6 +/- 3.1 and 8.2 +/- 2.8 mmol.kg-1 wet weight respectively). It is concluded
      that increase in AeT with training may reflect transient changes linked to lower
      early blood lactate accumulation during incremental exercise.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3396565
TI  - Human cardiovascular reactions to simulated hypovolaemia, modified by the opiate
      antagonist naloxone.
AB  - Six healthy males were exposed to 20 mm Hg lower body negative pressure (LBNP)
      for 8 min followed by 40 mm Hg LBNP for 8 min. Naloxone (0.1 mg.kg-1) was
      injected intravenously during a 1 h resting period after which the LBNP protocol
      was repeated. Systolic, mean, and diastolic arterial blood pressures (SAP, MAP,
      DAP), and central venous pressure (CVP) were obtained using indwelling catheters.
      Cardiac output (CO), forearm blood flow (FBF), heart rate (HR), left ventricular
      ejection time (LVET), and electromechanical systole (EMS) were measured non
      invasively. Pulse pressure (PP), stroke volume (SV), total peripheral resistance
      (TPR), forearm vascular resistance (FVR), systolic ejection rate (SER), pre
      ejection period (PEP), PEP/LVET and indices for the systolic time intervals
      (LVETI, EMSI, PEPI) were calculated. During the second LBNP exposure, only two
      parameters differed from the pre-injection values: DAP at LBNP = 40 mm Hg
      increased from 60.0 +/- 4.8 mm Hg to 64.8 +/- 4.1 mm Hg (N = 4, p less than 0.02)
      and LVETI at LBNP = 20 mm Hg increased from 384.4 +/- 5.2 ms to 396.8 +/- 6.2 ms
      (N = 6, p less than 0.02).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3396566
TI  - Variations in resting metabolic rates of men in Antarctica.
AB  - The resting metabolic rates (RMR) of 6 men was determined monthly for 12
      consecutive months, at Rothera Base, Antarctica (67 degrees 34'S, 68 degrees
      07'W). Body weight and body composition were also recorded. Metabolic rates were
      within the range of those found in past polar studies, and of young men in the
      UK, but varied considerably from month to month. The RMR had a mean range of 30%
      (p less than 0.01), with individual ranges of up to 38%. Mean RMR was high in
      spring, summer and autumn, and low in winter. While these patterns appeared to be
      associated with a well defined annual cycle of activity, variations could not be
      correlated with periods of intense activity, individually or for the group.

PMID- 3396567
TI  - A new dynamometer measuring concentric and eccentric muscle strength in
      accelerated, decelerated, or isokinetic movements. Validity and reproducibility.
AB  - A new computerized dynamometer (the SPARK System) is described. The system can
      measure concentric and eccentric muscle strength (torque) during linear or
      nonlinear acceleration or deceleration, isokinetic movements up to 400 degrees.s
      1, and isometric torque. Studies were performed to assess: I. validity and
      reproducibility of torque measurements; II. control of lever arm position; III.
      control of different velocity patterns; IV. control of velocity during subject
      testing; and, V. intra-individual reproducibility. No significant difference was
      found between torque values computed by the system and known torque values (p
      greater than 0.05). No difference was present between programmed and external
      measurement of the lever arm position. Accelerating, decelerating and isokinetic
      velocity patterns were highly reproducible, with differences in elapsed time
      among 10 trials being never greater than 0.001 s. Velocity during concentric and
      eccentric isokinetic quadriceps contractions at 30 degrees.s-1, 120 degrees.s-1
      and 270 degrees.s-1 never varied by more than 3 degrees.s-1 among subjects (N =
      21). Over three days of testing, the overall error for concentric and eccentric
      quadriceps contraction peak torque values for 5 angular velocities between 30
      degrees.s-1 and 270 degrees.s-1 ranged from 5.8% to 9.0% and 5.8% to 9.6%
      respectively (N = 25). The results indicate that the SPARK System provides valid
      and reproducible torque measurements and strict control of velocity. In addition,
      the intra-individual error is in accordance with those reported for other similar
      devices.

PMID- 3396568
TI  - The effects of diet on muscle pH and metabolism during high intensity exercise.
AB  - Five healthy male subjects exercised for 3 min at a workload equivalent to 100%
      VO2max on two separate occasions. Each exercise test was performed on an
      electrically braked cycle ergometer after a four-day period of dietary
      manipulation. During each of these periods subjects consumed either a low
      carbohydrate (3 +/- 0%, mean +/- SD), high fat (73 +/- 2%), high protein (24 +/-
      3%) diet (FP) or a high carbohydrate (82 +/- 1%), low fat (8 +/- 1%) low protein
      (10 +/- 1%) diet (CHO). The diets were isoenergetic and were assigned in a
      randomised manner. Muscle biopsy samples (Vastus lateralis) were taken at rest
      prior to dietary manipulation, immediately prior to exercise and immediately post
      exercise for measurement of pH, glycogen, glucose 6-phosphate, fructose 1,6
      diphosphate, triose phosphates, lactate and glutamine content. Blood acid-base
      status and selected metabolites were measured in arterialised venous samples at
      rest prior to dietary manipulation, immediately prior to exercise and at pre
      determined intervals during the post-exercise period. There was no differences
      between the two treatments in blood acid-base status at rest prior to dietary
      manipulation; immediately prior to exercise plasma pH (p less than 0.01), blood
      PCO2 (p less than 0.01), plasma bicarbonate (p less than 0.001) and blood base
      excess (p less than 0.001) values were all lower on the FP treatment. There were
      no major differences in blood acid-base variables between the two diets during
      the post-exercise period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3396569
TI  - Physiological adaptations to thermal stress in tropical Asians.
AB  - Young sedentary adult males of Malay, Indian, and Chinese origin who had
      established continuous residence in tropical Malaysia and presumed to be
      naturally acclimatized to heat, were studied to evaluate their physiological
      responses to a standard heat stress test. The Malay and Indian races have evolved
      in hot and humid geographical zones, whereas the Chinese originated from a
      temperate area. Subjects exercised at 50% VO2max alternating 18 minutes walking
      and 2 min rest during a 2-h exposure to an ambient of 34.9 degrees C dry bulb and
      32.1 degrees C wet bulb. Heart rates, core and skin temperatures, sweat rates,
      and oxygen uptakes were measured during the heat exposure. The subjects of Malay
      origin exhibited the least circulatory stress of the three ethnic groups. The
      data obtained on these long-term residents of a hot-wet climate and who were
      considered acclimatized to this environment were compared to experimental data
      obtained by other investigators and other ethnic groups.

PMID- 3396571
TI  - Effect of prolonged exercise on the level of triglycerides in the rat liver.
AB  - This study examined the effect of prolonged exercise on the level of
      triglycerides (TG) in rat liver. The rats were divided into groups: 1-control, 2
      treated with nicotinic acid, 3-fed with glucose during exercise, 4-fasted, 5
      adrenalectomized, 6-adrenalectomized and fed with oil. In the control group,
      there was gradual accumulation of TG in the liver and their level was doubled at
      exhaustion as compared to the resting value. Nicotinic acid lowered the resting
      level of TG and prevented their accumulation during exercise. Administration of
      glucose during exercise partially prevented the increase in TG level in the
      liver. In rats fasted for 24 h before exercise, the net increase in liver TG
      level during exercise was similar to that in the controls. Adrenalectomy, like
      nicotinic acid, lowered TG level at rest and prevented its increase during
      exercise. Feeding the adrenalectomized rats with oil elevated the plasma free
      fatty acid level but did not result in accumulation of TG in the liver, either at
      rest or during exercise. It is concluded that prolonged exercise results in
      accumulation of TG in the liver and that the process depends on the supply of
      free fatty acids and glucose and requires the presence of glucocorticoids.

PMID- 3396570
TI  - Enzymatic and hormonal responses following a 24 h endurance run and a 10 h
      triathlon race.
AB  - Muscle cell leakage and hormonal changes were compared immediately after and
      during the 3 days following a 24 h endurance run (R24h) in 8 subjects, and a 10 h
      triathlon non-competitive race (T10h) in 6 subjects. The study showed three main
      differences: 1) plasma enzyme increases were considerably more significant in
      R24h than in T10h: compared with resting levels, creatine kinase increased x 120
      after R24h but only x 2 after T10h; lactic dehydrogenase x 4, as opposed to x
      1.5; and transaminases only showed an increase after R24h. The plasma myoglobin
      increase after R24h was double that found after T10h; 2) for the same magnitude
      of plasma aldosterone and cortisol after R24h and T10h (3 times the resting
      levels), a highly significant decrease in urinary Na+ (p less than 0.001) and an
      increase in urinary K+ (p less than 0.01) were found only after R24h; and 3) the
      plasma free noradrenaline level increased significantly after R24h (x 2.6)
      whereas it was unchanged after T10h. In contrast, the plasma level of conjugated
      dopamine increased only after T10h (x 3.7, p less than 0.05). These results
      suggest that long-distance running causes more muscular lesions than the
      triathlon, and that important factors other than aldosterone are probably
      involved in the regulation of urinary electrolyte excretions during T10h.

PMID- 3396572
TI  - Myoelectric reactions to ultra-low frequency and low-frequency whole body
      vibration.
AB  - 5 healthy males were exposed to vertical sinusoidal whole body vibration (WBV) at
      5 frequencies (F1 = 0.315 Hz, F2 = 0.63 Hz, F3 = 1.25 Hz, F4 = 2.5 Hz, F5 = 5.0
      Hz) and 2 intensities (I1 = 1.2 ms-2 rms, F1-F5; I2 = 2.0 ms-2 rms, F2-F5).
      Erector spinae EMGs were derived at the levels of the first thoracic (T1) and
      third lumbar (L3) spinous processes, rectified and synchronously averaged, as
      were the accelerations of the seat and the head. WBV induced vibration
      synchronous EMG activity (T1 and L3) which exceeded the activity without WBV
      during enhanced gravitation and decreased during lowered gravitation from F1 to
      F3. At F4 and F5, these phase relations changed drastically, thus suggesting a
      different trigger mechanism. The extreme average EMG-amplitudes remained nearly
      constant at F1 to F3 and increased at higher frequencies. Maximum EMG activity
      was higher at I2 than at I1. WBV from F1 to F3 is supposed to cause tonic
      muscular activity triggered by the otoliths; at higher frequencies, stretch
      reflexes probably gain additional importance. The results hint at an increasing
      sensory conflict with decreasing frequency of WBV and are interpreted within the
      theoretical framework of different modes of motor control. Relations between
      transmissibility and muscle activity suggest the usefulness of including time
      variant spring-characteristics into biomechanical models.

PMID- 3396573
TI  - Effects of ingesting 6% and 12% glucose/electrolyte beverages during prolonged
      intermittent cycling in the heat.
AB  - This study compared the effects of ingesting 6% (MC) and 12% (HC)
      glucose/electrolyte beverages, and a flavored water placebo (P) on markers of
      fluid absorption, palatability, and physiological function during prolonged
      intermittent cycling in the heat. On three occasions, 15 trained male cyclists
      performed two 60 min cycling bouts at 65% VO2max (E1 and E2). A brief exhaustive
      performance ride (approximately 3 min) was completed after E1 and E2, and after
      20 min recovery (P1, P2, P3). Every 20 min, subjects consumed 275 mL of P, MC or
      HC. The first drink contained 20 mL of D2O, a tracer of fluid entry into blood
      plasma. Plasma D2O accumulation was slower for HC than for P and MC (P less than
      0.001). HC caused more nausea (P less than 0.01) and fullness (P less than 0.05)
      than MC or P, and subjects said they would be less likely to consume HC during
      training or competition (P less than 0.10). Sweat rates, HR, Tre, Tsk, VO2, and
      PV were similar for all drinks. Performance of P1, P2, P3 were not different
      among drinks. However, four cyclists failed to maintain the prescribed work rate
      during E2 for HC but only one failed for MC and P. These data suggest that the
      slow absorption of a 12% glucose/electrolyte beverage during prolonged
      intermittent exercise in the heat may increase the risk of gastrointestinal
      distress and thereby limit performance.

PMID- 3396574
TI  - Influence of a 36 h fast followed by refeeding with glucose, glycerol or placebo
      on metabolism and performance during prolonged exercise in man.
AB  - Five men were studied during exercise to exhaustion on an electrically braked
      cycle ergometer at 70% of VO2max. The four experimental treatments were as
      follows: fasted for 36 h (A); fasted (36 h) and refed with glucose (B) or
      glycerol (C); postabsorptive (overnight fast, D). In B and C the subjects were
      given a drink containing glucose or glycerol (1g per kg body weight) 45 min
      before starting exercise. A placebo drink was given 45 min before exercise on
      treatments A and D. Despite an increased availability of circulating free fatty
      acids, beta-hydroxybutyrate and glycerol exercise time to exhaustion was
      significantly lower after fasting (treatment A 77.7 +/- 6.8 min) compared with
      treatment D (119.5 +/- 5.8 min). Refeeding with glucose or glycerol did not
      significantly improve performance (92.4 +/- 11.8 min and 80.8 +/- 3.6 min
      respectively) compared with treatment A and lowered circulating levels of FFA and
      beta-HB during exercise compared with A. Despite the probability of low liver
      glycogen levels after fasting, none of the subjects became hypoglycaemic (blood
      glucose less than 4 mmol.l-1) during exercise and their blood lactate
      concentrations were not high at exhaustion. Plasma levels of branched chain amino
      acids (BCAA) decreased progressively during exercise on treatments A, B and C and
      were considerably lower at exhaustion compared with treatment D. Falling plasma
      concentrations of BCAA during prolonged exercise may be implicated in the
      generation of central fatigue.

PMID- 3396575
TI  - The influence of agonist premotor silence and the stretch-shortening cycle on
      contractile rate in active skeletal muscle.
AB  - Agonist premotor silence (PMS), a brief period of relative quiescence in active
      skeletal muscle prior to phasic activation, was investigated in subjects
      performing maximal contractions. The frequency of occurrence and potential
      function of the silent period were examined for elbow flexions and extensions.
      PMS was evident for movements in both directions, indicating that the mechanism
      is not primarily limited to extensors as previously hypothesized. Flexions
      demonstrating PMS exhibited increased velocity and acceleration; however,
      kinematic facilitation was only evident on trials exhibiting the muscular stretch
      shortening cycle (SSC). The SSC was present on trials lacking PMS, demonstrating
      that biceps and triceps silence are not the sole determinants of preparatory
      agonist lengthening for elbow flexions and extensions, respectively. Taken
      together, the data indicate that agonist PMS is a mechanism under apparent
      central control that acts concomitantly with mechanical factors to potentiate
      elbow flexor contractions.

PMID- 3396576
TI  - Diet-induced metabolic acidosis and the performance of high intensity exercise in
      man.
AB  - The influence of four isolated periods of dietary manipulation upon high
      intensity exercise capacity was investigated in six healthy male subjects.
      Subjects consumed their 'normal' (N) diet (45 +/- 2% carbohydrate (CHO), 41 +/-
      3% fat, 14 +/- 3% protein) for four days after which they exercised to voluntary
      exhaustion at a workload equivalent to 100% VO2max. Three further four-day
      periods of dietary manipulation took place; these were assigned in a randomised
      manner and each was followed by a high intensity exercise test. The dietary
      treatments were: a low CHO (3 +/- 1%), high fat (71 +/- 5%), high protein (26 +/-
      3%) diet (HFHP); a high CHO (73 +/- 2%), low fat (12 +/- 2%), normal protein (15
      +/- 1%) diet (HCLF); and a normal CHO (47 +/- 3%), low fat (27 +/- 2%), high
      protein (26 +/- 2%) diet (LFHP). Acid-base status and blood lactate concentration
      were measured on arterialised-venous blood at rest prior to dietary manipulation
      on each day of the different diets, immediately prior to exercise and at 2, 4, 6,
      10 and 15 min post-exercise. Other metabolite concentrations were measured in the
      blood samples obtained prior to dietary manipulation and immediately prior to
      exercise. Exercise time to exhaustion after the HFHP diet (179 +/- 63 s) was
      shorter when compared with the N (210 +/- 65 s; p less than 0.01) and HCLF (219
      +/- 69 s; p less than 0.05) diets.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3396578
TI  - Prediction of physical performance through muscle enzymes activity.
AB  - Physical performance deteriorates during strenuous exercise as manifested by a
      decrease in maximal aerobic power and increased activity of serum muscle enzymes.
      The relationship between these parameters was investigated in 41 trained subjects
      during 24 h marches and the following recovery period. Peak O2 uptake and serum
      activity of creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and glutamic oxalacetic transaminase
      (GOT) were measured. During the marches there was a simultaneous, significant
      elevation in serum CPK and GOT activity and a significant reduction in peak O2
      uptake. During the early recovery period (24 h) no significant changes occurred
      in muscle enzyme activity and peak O2 uptake; thereafter (up to 72 h after the
      end of the march), a gradual decline in enzyme activity levels with a concomitant
      increase in peak O2 uptake was observed, reaching pre-march values. A "mirror
      image" relationship between muscle enzyme activity and peak O2 uptake was found
      during three clearly distinguished phases: a) 24 h march, b) early recovery stage
      and c) late recovery stage. These findings suggest that muscle enzyme leakage
      from muscle cells is closely related to the decline in muscular function and
      aerobic power. Thus, muscle enzyme activity might be a practical measure of
      physical performance capacity during the early and late stages of recovery from
      prolonged endurance exercise.

PMID- 3396577
TI  - Ventilatory and occlusion-pressure responses to exercise in trained and untrained
      children.
AB  - Pattern of breathing and mouth occlusion pressure were investigated during an
      incremental and exhaustive ergocycle test in untrained and trained 11 to 13 year
      old boys. At each level of exercise, the trained group had lower ventilation, a
      lower respiratory equivalent, and a lower respiratory rate. These results suggest
      that trained subjects have more efficient ventilation. Lower ventilation
      coincided with a smaller mean inspiratory flow (VT/TI), while the ratio of
      inspiratory to total breath (TI/TTOT) was unchanged. In contrast, mouth occlusion
      pressure and the index of neuromuscular inspiratory drive were the same up to 60
      W for the two groups, and tended to be slightly lower in the trained boys above
      this level.

PMID- 3396579
TI  - Cutaneous and subcutaneous blood flow during general anaesthesia.
AB  - The vasodilator effect of anaesthetic agents on cutaneous vessels has often been
      investigated. In contrast, although subcutaneous tissue is concerned with
      metabolism and thermoregulation, the effects of anaesthesia on subcutaneous blood
      flow have not been well documented. The purpose of this study was to determine
      the magnitude of changes in cutaneous and subcutaneous blood flow during general
      anaesthesia in Man. Anaesthesia was induced with flunitrazepam in 15 patients
      before facial plastic surgery. Blood flow was estimated using heat thermal
      clearance (HC). Two HC sensors in different areas allowed the measurement of
      superficial and deep HC. Systolic (SABP), diastolic (DABP) and mean arterial
      blood pressure (MABP), heart rate (HR), and rectal and mean skin temperature were
      also recorded. After induction of anaesthesia, HR increased significantly (p less
      than 0.05) whereas SABP, DABP and MABP remained unchanged. The rectal-toe
      temperature gradient fell from 6.3 +/- 4.1 degrees C to 3.4 +/- 1.1 degrees C (p
      less than 0.01) suggesting a reduction in vasomotor tone. Superficial HC
      increased from 0.37 +/- 0.06 to 0.42 +/- 0.08 W.m-1.degrees C-1 (p less than
      0.05) whereas deep HC decreased from 0.33 +/- 0.07 to 0.31 +/- 0.09 W.m-1.degrees
      C-1 (NS) and returned to the control value thereafter. Rectal temperature and
      mean skin temperature were unchanged. The changes in deep HC are similar to those
      previously observed in muscle during induction of anaesthesia. Our results show
      that anaesthesia mainly affects cutaneous blood flow, without any significant
      change in subcutaneous blood flow during the early phase of anaesthesia in human
      beings.

PMID- 3396580
TI  - Changes in respiration in the transition from heavy exercise to rest.
AB  - Transitions from rest to exercise and vice versa are reported to be associated
      with instantaneous changes in minute ventilation and the changes in the off
      transitions are thought to be the reverses of those in the on-transitions. Such
      changes have been observed mainly in mild-moderate exercise and their
      extrapolation to heavy exercise above anaerobic threshold is unwarranted. Hence,
      the purpose of this study was to determine the changes in ventilation in the
      transition from heavy exercise above anaerobic threshold to rest. Five healthy
      volunteers ran on a motor-driven treadmill at a constant work-load corresponding
      to 80% VO2max and above anaerobic threshold. Changes in minute ventilation and
      end-tidal PCO2 in the on- and off-transitions were determined breath by breath by
      starting and stopping the treadmill abruptly. The results indicate that, contrary
      to what is reported for mild-moderate exercise, an instantaneous drop in
      ventilation is absent in the off-transition of heavy exercise above anaerobic
      threshold. The gradual decline in minute ventilation may be due to a sustained
      respiratory drive from a central neural reverberatory mechanism, blood-borne
      respiratory stimuli and/or a peripheral neurogenic drive originating in the so
      called metaboloreceptors.

PMID- 3396582
TI  - Development of a telemetry system for measuring oxygen uptake during sports
      activities.
AB  - A new system for continuous measurement of oxygen uptake by means of a telemeter
      has been developed. Oxygen uptake and pulmonary ventilation during rest and
      exercise were determined using a portable oxygen consumption meter (Oxylog). A
      small interface circuit between the Oxylog and the transmitter of a frequency
      modulated bio-telemeter system was designed and installed inside the Oxylog. Data
      from the transmitter were passed to a receiver and were fed into a microcomputer
      system. The microcomputer system displayed and printed out minute values of
      ventilation and oxygen uptake. The accuracy and reliability of the new system
      were checked by comparison with the traditional (Douglas bag) method. In the
      range less than 80 l.min-1 of ventilation and less than 2 l.min-1 of oxygen
      uptake, the system was not inferior to the Douglas bag method. The new system was
      applied for field continuous measurement of oxygen uptake during a doubles tennis
      game. The results of the application indicate that the telemetry system developed
      here is a very practical and useful way of measuring oxygen uptake during sports
      activities.

PMID- 3396581
TI  - Precedence of head homoeothermia over trunk homoeothermia in dehydrated men.
AB  - Three male humans were subjected repeatedly to 20 min exercise on a bicycle
      ergometer: twice when hydrated normally and twice when dehydrated. Tympanic (Tty)
      and oesophageal (Tes) temperatures were recorded and sweat rates on forehead and
      back were measured. Dehydration did not change the forehead sweat rate, but on
      the back it reduced significantly, resulting in an increase of Tes. However, Tty
      was decreased by dehydration. 20 min after the end of exercise subjects were
      allowed to drink water in order to trigger the potohidrotic response. A
      potohidrotic response was noted on the back of dehydrated subjects only. It is
      concluded that dehydration results in active inhibition of sweating on the body
      but not on the forehead, where evaporation is needed for selective cooling of the
      brain.

PMID- 3396583
TI  - Effects of wearing two different forms of garment on thermoregulation in men
      resting at 10 degrees C.
AB  - We have compared the human thermoregulatory responses and clothing microclimate
      temperature when the body core-shell ratio was changed by wearing two different
      forms of garment. Each was worn for 160 min at an ambient temperature of 10
      degrees C and a relative humidity of 50% by six healthy males in the supine
      posture. One garment covered the whole body area except for the face (long
      sleeves: L-S), the other covered the central body area alone (half-sleeves: H-S).
      Major findings are summarized as follows: 1) Rectal temperature was kept higher
      by H-S than L-S even though L-S showed higher thermal resistance values. 2) The
      standard deviation of rectal temperature was smaller in H-S. 3) Trunk skin and
      clothing microclimate temperatures were also kept higher by H-S. We suggest that
      the reduced level of rectal temperature in L-S might be ascribed to a different
      pattern of venous return originating in the mechanisms of the counter-current
      heat exchange system: the venous return from the periphery into the thoracic and
      abdominal areas being cooler in L-S than in H-S.

PMID- 3396584
TI  - Levels of plasma and aortic lipids in young exercised rats with a diminished
      weight gain.
AB  - Young exercised rats with a diminished weight gain had a decrease in high density
      lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and phospholipid levels in the plasma and augmented
      free cholesterol and phosphatide in the aorta. When the weight gain in the
      trained rats paralleled the gain in non-exercised animals, the values of these
      lipids were not altered. The levels of aortic free cholesterol in the non
      exercised and exercised groups were inversely associated with concentrations of
      HDL-cholesterol, but were not related to the activities of lecithin cholesterol
      acyltransferase. In addition, the total cholesterol and phospholipid contents in
      the aorta negatively correlated with HDL-cholesterol concentrations. We propose
      that in young exercised rats with a diminished weight gain, the removal of aortic
      lipids is hampered due to a reduction in HDL-cholesterol.

PMID- 3396585
TI  - Plasma catecholamines and heart rate at the beginning of muscular exercise in
      man.
AB  - The relationship between the time course of heart rate and venous blood
      norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) concentrations was studied in 7 sedentary
      young men before and during 3 bicycle exercises of 5 min each (respectively 23 +/
      2.8%, 45 +/- 2.6% and 65 +/- 2.4% VO2max, mean +/- SE). During the low level
      exercise the change in heart rate is monoexponential (tau = 5.7 +/- 1.2 s) and no
      increment above the resting level of NE (delta NE) or of E (delta E) occurs. At
      the medium and highest intensity of exercise: a) the change in heart rate is
      biexponential, tau for the fast and the slow component averaging about 3 and 80 s
      respectively; b) delta NE (but not delta E) increases continuously with time of
      exercise; c) at the 5th min of exercise heart rate increments are related to
      delta NE; d) between 20 s and 5 min, at corresponding sampling times, the heart
      rate of the slow component is linearly related to delta NE. At exercise levels
      higher than 33% VO2max the increase in heart rate described by the slow component
      of the biexponential kinetic could be due to an augmented sympathetic activity
      revealed by increased NE blood levels.

PMID- 3396586
TI  - Catalase in guinea pig hepatocytes is localized in cytoplasm, nuclear matrix and
      peroxisomes.
AB  - We have compared the intracellular localization of catalase and another
      peroxisomal marker enzyme, alpha-hydroxy acid oxidase (HAOX), in the livers of
      guinea pig and rat using immunoelectron microscopy and subcellular fractionation
      combined with immunoblotting and enzyme activity determination. Antibodies
      against both enzymes were raised in rabbits and their specificities established
      by immunoblotting. By immunoelectron microscopy, gold particles representing
      antigenic sites for catalase were found in guinea pig hepatocytes not only in
      peroxisomes but also in the cytoplasm and the nuclear matrix. In rat liver,
      however, catalase was localized exclusively in peroxisomes with no cytoplasmic
      labeling. Moreover, in both species HAOX was found only in peroxisomes.
      Subcellular fractionation revealed that purified peroxisomes from both species
      contained comparable levels of each, catalase and HAOX activities. The total
      catalase activity, however, was substantially higher in guinea pig and most of
      this excess catalase was in the cytosolic fraction with some activity also in
      nuclei. In rat liver, 30 to 40% of both enzymes and in guinea pig liver 30% of
      HAOX were recovered in the supernatant fraction implying that the fragility of
      peroxisomes in both species is quite comparable. These observations establish the
      occurrence of extraperoxisomal catalase in guinea pig liver. The catalase in the
      cytoplasm and nucleus of liver parenchymal cells is most probably involved in
      scavenging of H2O2, protecting the cell against toxic and mutagenic effects of
      this noxious agent.

PMID- 3396587
TI  - Basic fibroblast growth factor: expression in cultured bovine vascular smooth
      muscle cells.
AB  - The possible expression of fibroblast growth factor in cultured bovine vascular
      smooth muscle (VSM) cells derived from bovine adult aortic arch has been
      examined. VSM cells were found to express the basic fibroblast growth factor
      (bFGF) gene but not that of acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF), a related
      mitogen. Expression of bFGF was further examined. VSM cells contain 3.7 and 7.0
      kilobase bFGF gene transcripts, which are translated into material closely
      related, if not identical, with bFGF when analyzed by its chromatographic
      behavior on heparin Sepharose, by immunoblot and by radioimmuno- and
      radioreceptor assays. Essentially all of the bFGF-like material is bioactive,
      i.e., it can stimulate the proliferation of capillary endothelial or VSM cells
      and the stimulation is blocked by anti-bFGF antibodies. Our results indicate that
      bFGF derived from VSM cells may act as a paracrine and autocrine growth factor
      for that cell type. Thus, bFGF could play an important role in vivo, in
      controlling the proliferation of VSM cells during embryonic growth of blood
      vessels or during atherosclerosis.

PMID- 3396588
TI  - The effect of heat shock on primary cultures of brain capillary endothelium:
      inhibition of assembly of zonulae occludentes and the synthesis of heat-shock
      proteins.
AB  - Subjecting primary cultures of bovine brain microvessel endothelial cells to
      thermal stress (heat shock) results in: (1) an inhibition of further tight
      junction assembly, (2) the disappearance and/or disassembly of tight junctions,
      (3) a 30-fold increase in the number of plasmic fracture (PF)-face intramembrane
      particles, and (4) the new and/or enhanced synthesis of at least three heat-shock
      polypeptides (HSPs) with molecular masses of approximately 100,000, 90,000 and
      70,000. Endothelial cells which are heat-shocked and allowed to recover at 37
      degrees C exhibit, within the first 2 h, a marked depression in the synthesis of
      HSPs and the new and/or enhanced synthesis of a 47,000 dalton "recovery"
      polypeptide. In later periods of recovery (2-4 h), the synthesis of this
      polypeptide is even more pronounced and is accompanied by the new and/or enhanced
      synthesis of a polypeptide(s) with a molecular mass of 35 to 37,000. The
      appearance of these "recovery protein(s)" in the endothelial cells is concomitant
      with a decrease in the number of PF-face intramembrane particles and the
      resumption of tight junction assembly. Results of this study suggest that some of
      the HSPs synthesized by thermally-stressed cultures of brain endothelial cells
      may activate or be directly involved in a mechanism(s) to ensure survival of
      these cells by decreasing membrane fluidity and stabilizing the plasma membrane
      of these cells. Moreover, our results also suggest that the recovery of these
      cells from the stress of heat shock is accompanied by the synthesis of "recovery"
      proteins which, in some manner, may be directly involved in, or necessary for,
      rapidly reversing the membrane-stabilizing effect of heat shock by promoting
      membrane fluidity and the apparent amplified synthesis and assembly and/or
      reassembly of tight junctions.

PMID- 3396589
TI  - Possible regulation of cation-induced pinocytosis in Amoeba proteus by
      phospholipase A.
AB  - We have studied the effects of exogenous phospholipids and compounds which are
      known to alter the activity of phospholipase A (PLA) on Ca2+-dependent, Na+
      induced pinocytosis in Amoeba proteus. The PLA-inhibitors mepacrine, p
      bromophenacyl bromide (pBPB) and Rosenthal's inhibitor depressed pinocytosis.
      Normal pinocytotic intensity was restored by the addition of Ca2+ or picomolar
      concentrations of lysolecithin. Very low concentrations of lysophospholipids and
      different molecular species of lecithins increased the capacity for pinocytosis
      in starved amoebae. The effect of the lecithins but not of the corresponding
      lysolecithins was abolished by PLA-inhibitors. Also, the restoration of the
      pinocytotic capacity of starved amoebae by melittin and mastoparan, which are
      known to stimulate PLA, was inhibited by mepacrine and pBPB. Isolated amoeba
      plasma membranes contain phospholipase A1 and A2 activity and the amoebae secrete
      a lipid (PRF, pinocytosis regulating factor) which has lysolecithin-like effects
      on pinocytosis. The enzyme activities and the release of PRF were markedly
      decreased by the PLA-inhibitors. Our observations support the hypothesis that PRF
      is a lysophospholipid that may constitute a signal for the formation of
      pinocytotic channels in the initial stages of pinocytosis. The phospholipase A
      activity of the amoeba must therefore be assigned an important role in the
      regulation of the Ca2+-dependent, cation-induced pinocytosis.

PMID- 3396590
TI  - High pressure freezing of intact plant tissues. Evaluation and characterization
      of novel features of the endoplasmic reticulum and associated membrane systems.
AB  - We have used plant root tips frozen under high pressure in conjunction with
      freeze-fracture electron microscopy a) to evaluate the quality of freezing of
      unfixed, non-cryoprotected tissues obtainable with this method, b) to examine the
      structure of cells frozen under high pressure, c) to evaluate the usefulness of
      high pressure freezing to preserve transient membrane events, and d) to look for
      artifacts caused by the high pressure. A single artifact of high pressure,
      possibly related to the collapse of air spaces during pressurization before
      freezing, manifested itself as long tears or folds in the plasma membrane.
      Excellent freezing, as evidenced by the smooth, turgid appearance of all membrane
      systems and the lack of aggregated cytosolic materials was observed in 10 to 20%
      of samples. In the best preserved specimens freezing was uniform throughout the
      sample volume and all organelles were readily identified. In the remaining ones,
      a gradient of ice crystal sizes was seen; cells within 50 to 100 microns of the
      surface being better preserved than those in the interior. Cortical microtubules
      appeared well preserved as were close associations of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
      with nuclear, Golgi and plasma membranes. Junctions between the ER and nuclear
      membrane were constricted and much thinner (30 nm in diameter) than in chemically
      fixed, thin-sectioned tissue, and although no continuities between the ER and
      Golgi membranes were observed, many Golgi stacks had an adjacent ER cisterna
      either at the cis or trans face. Both Golgi and ER cisternae exhibited distinct,
      round dilations indicative of vesicle blebbing or vesicle fusion events.
      Characteristic disc- and horseshoe-shaped infoldings of the plasma membrane
      corresponding to fused secretory vesicle and/or membrane recycling structures
      were also prominent in many cells. Short extensions of the cortical ER cisternae
      were regularly observed appressed against these plasma membrane infoldings
      suggesting a functional role for the ER in vesicle-mediated secretion and/or
      membrane recycling. Many lipid bodies were intimately associated with the ER,
      some with their surface monolayer fused with the cytoplasmic leaflet of the ER
      membrane. Our findings demonstrate that high pressure freezing can provide
      excellent morphological preservation of intact tissues and can preserve fast,
      transient membrane events such as those associated with vesicle fusion and
      vesicle blebbing. We conclude that this is the best available method for freezing
      relatively large (up to 0.6 mm thick) tissue samples for study by electron
      microscopy.

PMID- 3396591
TI  - Carnitine plasma concentrations in 353 metabolically healthy children.
AB  - Carnitine plasma concentrations were determined by an enzymatic radioisotopic
      method in 353 metabolically healthy children and in 41 adults. There was a
      positive correlation between total and free carnitine plasma concentrations and
      the age of the children. Both free and acylcarnitine concentrations were elevated
      on the 1st day of life, reflecting an increased rate of fatty acid oxidation.
      Carnitine plasma concentrations decreased after the 1st day and subsequently
      increased during the 1st year. From the 2nd year of life until adulthood, no
      further change was noted. Up to 17 years of age no differences were seen between
      male and female individuals. However, adult males had higher carnitine
      concentrations in plasma than adult females. Total carnitine concentrations were
      higher in 10- to 17-year-old females and lower in 10- to 17-year-old males
      compared with adults of the same sex, indicating a possible role for sex hormones
      in the regulation of carnitine plasma concentrations.

PMID- 3396592
TI  - Long-term development of intelligence (IQ) and EEG in 34 children with
      phenylketonuria treated early.
AB  - In 34 children with phenylketonuria (PKU) treated early the prognostic value of
      the age on institution of the diet (within the first 3 months of life) and of the
      quality of dietary treatment was determined in two different ways: 1) following
      intelligence closely (IQ) and (2) evaluating the EEG development up to their 12th
      (n = 34) and 15th (n = 18) years of life as appropriate. In general, IQ scores
      were found to be normal from the 4th-15th years of life. In our group of patients
      there was no effect on the IQ of the timing of diet onset. Children with "strict"
      dietary control showed a significantly higher IQ than those with "loose" control.
      One hundred and fifty-four EEGs (10/20 system, awake with eyes closed) were
      recorded at intervals of 2 years and conventionally evaluated. The development of
      alpha-activity was found to be normal. Beta-activity was enhanced. Abnormal EEG
      findings like general slowing and generalized paroxysmal activity (GPA) with or
      without spikes were more frequent in children with PKU than in controls, with the
      exception of focal abnormalities. EEG abnormalities increased with advancing age
      independently of IQ development and showed no relation to either the age at the
      onset nor the quality of dietary treatment.

PMID- 3396593
TI  - Haemorheologic and fibrinolytic evaluation in obese children and adolescents.
AB  - The haemorheologic condition was evaluated in 43 obese children and 35 controls.
      In 18 of the obese children and in 21 controls the euglobulin lysis time (ELT)
      was also studied. Blood viscosity at 94.5 and at 0.204 s-1 shear rates, plasma
      viscosity, fibrinogen and erythrocyte filtration time were significantly higher
      in obese than in control children. No significant differences were observed in
      haematocrit levels. Triglycerides, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), pre-beta
      lipoprotein and insulin rates were all significantly higher in obese than in
      control children. There were no significant differences in glycaemia and in
      haemoglobin A1 values. ELT, both basal and after stimulation with 1-deamino-8-D
      arginine-vasopressin (DDAVP), was significantly higher in the obese than in
      control children. The haemorheologic disturbances together with alterations of
      the haemostatic balance and fibrinolysis may be an important risk factor for the
      development of vascular changes at paediatric age.

PMID- 3396594
TI  - Breast contact thermography for differentiation between premature thelarche and
      true precocious puberty.
AB  - Breast contact thermography was used to differentiate between premature thelarche
      and true precocious puberty. The technique was applied to 10 girls with premature
      thelarche, 12 with precocious puberty and 105 controls (Tanner B1-5). In
      controls, the scores attributed to the maturative thermographic signs correlated
      with breast development stages. In premature thelarche thermographic signs of
      vascularization were always absent, while in precocious puberty they were always
      observed, although in some cases unilaterally. The thermographic index (higher
      total score between the two breasts) ranged from 0 to 3 in girls with premature
      thelarche and from 4 to 10 in girls with precocious puberty. The thermographic
      pattern in premature thelarche was similar to that in prepubertal girls and did
      not progress in two girls who were repeatedly examined. We emphasize the useful
      role of contact thermography in evaluating pubertal breast development and in
      differentiating between premature thelarche and true precocious puberty.

PMID- 3396595
TI  - Blood sampling in very low birth weight infants receiving different levels of
      intensive care.
AB  - Sixty very low birth weight infants (birth weight 560-1450 g) were studied during
      the first 28 days of life. The infants were classified as group A (n = 19 infants
      who never required ventilator support), group B (n = 20 infants mechanically
      ventilated for minor respiratory problems), and group C (n = 21 infants
      ventilated for respiratory distress syndrome). Diagnostic blood sampling was
      measured, infants were checked for clinical symptoms and laboratory signs of
      anaemia 24 h before and after the transfusion of packed red cells. A total of
      7998 punctures (average: 4.8 per infant per day) were performed, the mean blood
      loss due to diagnostic sampling was 50.3 ml/kg per 28 days (range 7-142) for all
      infants. A high correlation (rs = +0.91) was found between the blood volumes
      sampled and transfused. In group A, the mean blood loss was 24 ml/kg, and a total
      of 29 blood transfusions were administered. The most frequent symptoms of anaemia
      were poor weight gain and apnoeic spells. In group B, the mean blood loss was 60
      ml/kg and a total of 97 blood transfusions were administered. In group C, the
      mean blood loss was 67 ml/kg and a total of 116 blood transfusions were
      administered. In both groups B and C, poor weight gain, pallor and distended
      abdomen were the most frequent symptoms of anaemia. Following the blood
      transfusion, haematocrit rose and blood pressure remained unchanged. The symptoms
      that responded most favourably to the blood transfusion were: poor weight gain,
      oxygen requirement, and distended abdomen. The results emphasize the need for
      miniaturizing laboratory techniques and monitoring blood sampling.

PMID- 3396596
TI  - Recessive lethal chondrodysplasia, "round femoral inferior epiphysis type".
AB  - Four cases of a sublethal form of chondrodysplasia are reported. The micromelic
      dwarfism is severe and on X-ray pictures the most striking feature is the shape
      of the lower femoral epiphysis, which is relatively well developed and rounded.
      The mode of inheritance is presumably autosomal recessive.

PMID- 3396598
TI  - Pathologic childhood aerophagy: an under-diagnosed entity.
AB  - Three children with pathologic childhood aerophagy are described. This entity is
      characterized by progressive abdominal distension during the day, non-distended
      abdomen in the morning, and visible air swallowing. The condition is usually self
      limited, and treatment is symptomatic and by reassurance. Early recognition and
      diagnosis of this condition might help avoid unnecessary and expensive diagnostic
      investigations.

PMID- 3396597
TI  - CSF glucose levels in febrile infants.
AB  - Simultaneous blood and CSF glucose levels were investigated in 143 febrile
      children without cerebromeningeal illness, who were evaluated due to fever in the
      first 2 months of life or febrile convulsions. There was a significant decrease
      (P less than 0.001) in the mean CSF-blood glucose ratio from 0.67 +/- 0.13 in the
      first 2 weeks of life to 0.56 +/- 0.11, 0.57 +/- 0.8 and 0.58 +/- 0.11 at the
      ages 2-4, 5-6 and 6-8 weeks, respectively. The mean CSF and blood glucose levels
      did not change significantly in this period. After the 2nd month of life there
      was a significant rise P less than 0.01 in the mean CSF-blood glucose ratio to
      0.72 +/- 0.11, the customary normal value in children. This was associated with a
      significant rise in CSF glucose levels as compared to the first 8 weeks as a
      whole. Our study suggests age-related changes in CSF blood-glucose ratios during
      the first weeks of life which are important when evaluating infants for the
      possibility of meningitis.

PMID- 3396599
TI  - Renal, pancreatic and hepatic dysplasia sequence.
AB  - A renal, pancreatic and hepatic dysplasia sequence (RPHD sequence) was found in a
      male premature baby who died a few minutes after birth. Autopsy documented
      multicystic dysplastic kidneys, a dysplastic pancreas with dilated ducts, cysts,
      fibrosis and inflammatory infiltrates, prominent portal tracts containing dilated
      bile ducts and hypoplastic lungs. Other organs were normal. This triad
      constitutes a "dysplastic sequence" and was first reported by Ivemark et al. as
      "familial dysplasia of kidneys, liver and pancreas". Since then, this combination
      of abnormalities has been named "polycystic dysplasia" and "renal-hepatic
      pancreatic dysplasia", but mostly "Ivemark syndrome", at the risk of being
      confused with asplenia-cardiac anomaly syndrome, which was reviewed by Ivemark et
      al. and also bears Ivemark's name.

PMID- 3396600
TI  - Trichothiodystrophy without photosensitivity. Biochemical, ultrastructural and
      DNA repair studies.
AB  - A case of trichothiodystrophy (TTD) without photosensitivity is reported in an 8
      year-old girl. Electron microscopic (EM) examination of the keratinocytes showed
      fibrillary bundles in the cytoplasm thinner and less electron dense than those of
      the normal cells and large membrane-bound vacuoles filled with granular
      filamentous material. These findings could indicate a disturbance in the protein
      metabolism in tissues of ectodermal origin, explaining also the functional
      abnormalities of the central nervous system in TTD patients. The results of
      cellular DNA repair studies after UV irradiation in cultured fibroblasts showed
      normal levels of unscheduled DNA synthesis. This finding indicates that UV
      hypersensitivity is not constantly present in TTD.

PMID- 3396602
TI  - The prevalence of supernumerary nipples in Arab infants and children.

PMID- 3396601
TI  - Increased secretion of fibronectin and collagen by progeria (Hutchinson-Gilford)
      fibroblasts.

PMID- 3396603
TI  - Thrombo-embolic complications after splenectomy in HbE-beta-thalassaemia.

PMID- 3396604
TI  - The effects of diet discontinuation in children with phenylketonuria.

PMID- 3396606
TI  - Cardiac involvement in Coffin-Lowry syndrome.

PMID- 3396605
TI  - Elevated plasma galactitol levels in patients with congenital cataracts without
      apparent enzyme defect.

PMID- 3396608
TI  - Effect of promethazine on the metabolism of chloroquine.
AB  - Co-administration of promethazine hydrochloride and chloroquine phosphate
      resulted in increased blood levels of chloroquine and its metabolites. However,
      there is no statistical difference between the means obtained for the initial
      rate of excretion and the total drug excreted within three hours.

PMID- 3396607
TI  - In vitro study of caffeic acid-bovine serum albumin interaction.
AB  - Caffeic acid, a natural product with pharmacological properties, such as DOPA
      decarboxylase and 5-lipooxygenase inhibition, has been tested in vitro for its
      binding ratio to bovine serum albumin. This study was carried out by means of
      four analytical methods. Equilibrium dialysis has been proved to be the most
      reliable in determination of total binding sites, while acid precipitation has
      been evaluated as a model of irreversible binding. A binding ratio between 61 and
      95% was observed, also varying according the caffeic acid and albumin
      concentration, pH and protein conformation. Binding constants were calculated by
      mathematical fitting to a hyperbolic plot. Other cinnamic acids non-o-diphenolic
      (ferulic acid, m- and p-coumaric acids) have been proved to have a binding ratio
      to bovine serum albumin of less than 10%.

PMID- 3396610
TI  - Plasma protein binding of penbutolol in pregnancy.
AB  - Penbutolol is a not cardioselective beta-adrenergic blocking drug; it is lipid
      soluble and differs in its protein binding from the other members of its group
      because shows linkage to alpha 1-glycoprotein, with no detectable binding to
      albumin. AAG levels change during pregnancy and so the binding of [3H]-penbutolol
      was compared in 11 pregnant patients and in 10 healthy women. Binding was
      obtained by ultrafiltration and measurement of the free fraction by scintillation
      spectrometry. The free penbutolol fraction was significantly higher in the
      pregnant women than in the controls (6.06 +/- 0.34 compared with 3.55 +/- 0.29, P
      less than 0.001). The AAG levels in the pregnant women were significantly lower
      (0.40 +/- 0.03 g/l) than in the controls (0.77 +/- 0.06 g/l) (P less than 0.001)
      which showed a significant correlation with the bound/free penbutolol ratio (r =
      0.61, P less than 0.005). On the other hand there was no significant correlation
      with the extent of penbutolol's protein binding even though the albumin levels
      were lower in the pregnant women (2.83 +/- 0.17 compared with 4.86 +/- 0.17; P
      less than 0.001). Penbutolol's nK1a for AAG was lower in pregnant women, and this
      suggests that the fall in AAG levels is not the only factor involved in the
      reduced binding of penbutolol in pregnancy.

PMID- 3396609
TI  - Distribution of SC-4453, a new semi-synthetic derivative of digoxin, following an
      infusion preceded by an i.v. loading dose in the guinea-pig. Binding to plasma
      proteins.
AB  - The tissue distribution of 12 alpha-[3H]SC-4453 was studied in the guinea-pig
      after a 15 hours infusion at the rate of 4 micrograms/h/kg, preceded by an IV
      loading dose. At the end of the infusion, at the steady state, the skeletal
      muscle apparently presented the highest concentration of SC-4453 (24 ng/g) and
      the brain the lowest (1.2 ng/g), which demonstrates the presence of a blood-brain
      barrier to this compound. Our results also show that this new semi-synthetic
      cardiotonic presents a weak affinity to plasma proteins (25%).

PMID- 3396611
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of carbisocaine in rats and mice.
AB  - [14C]carbisocaine, N-(2-(2-[1-14C]-heptyloxyphenylcarbamoyloxy)-propyl)
      diethylammoni um chloride was administered to male Wistar rats, weighing 180-210
      g IV in doses of 0.425, 1.425, 2.425 or 4.425 mg/kg or orally in a dose of 2.425
      mg/kg. Extraction of carbisocaine from alkaline media into n-heptane was used for
      assessment of the unchanged drug in plasma, organs and excreta in predetermined
      time intervals. The two-way analysis of variance confirmed the insignificant
      effect of subject variability of experimental animals (p greater than 0.05) on
      plasma data after IV administration. Plasma data following the IV administration
      were approximated by a linear open two-compartment model with elimination from
      the central compartment. Regression analysis indicated linearity between
      carbisocaine plasma AUC and the IV administered dose within the range tested. The
      following model parameters were obtained: elimination half-life 161.2 +/- 37.5
      min, total body clearance 59.5 ml/min/kg, distribution volume in steady state
      5616.2 ml/kg and mean residence time 96.7 min. The systemic availability of the
      orally given carbisocaine was 45.2%, assessed by AUCpo/AUCiv (0-360 min). The
      brain uptake index of carbisocaine in relation to 3H2O was 57.7 +/- 3.9%. Whole
      body autoradiographs of mice injected with [14C]carbisocaine documented
      accumulation of 14C in gall and urinary bladder and in the gut contents and the
      effective placental barrier against carbisocaine and its metabolites.

PMID- 3396612
TI  - In situ liver perfusion techniques: the significance of the anaesthetic procedure
      used.
AB  - Pentobarbitone may not be an appropriate anaesthetic to use on the donor rat of
      an isolated liver perfusion model intended to study drug-drug interactions, since
      the anaesthetic was found to remain in the liver in concentrations which may be
      high enough to modify the disposition of a test drug. A retrospective study to
      assess the anaesthetic pentobarbitone decay in six perfused rat livers, showed a
      linear correlation between perfusion medium concentrations of phenytoin and
      pentobarbitone at the early sample times, suggesting that the anaesthetic was
      inhibiting the hepatic clearance of phenytoin. Direct evidence for this
      inhibition was obtained following the addition of pentobarbitone (5 mg) to a
      standard perfusion experiment with phenytoin at t = 30 min. At the end of these
      experiments (t = 120 min), the perfusate phenytoin levels had decreased to only
      18.6 +/- 3.7% of the initial concentration, compared to 5.6 +/- 2.5% in the
      control group. Pithing, under light ether anaesthesia, was investigated as an
      alternative preparatory procedure for the donor rat with potentially less effect
      on the liver. Phenytoin was found to be cleared from the perfusion medium more
      rapidly with livers thus prepared, especially in the early stages. Also the
      precision of the technique was improved; the standard errors for six replicate
      experiments being considerably less in the pithed group compared to the
      pentobarbitone anaesthetised group. This is clearly a more appropriate
      preparatory procedure for rat liver perfusion techniques designed to investigate
      drug metabolism. There may also be some advantages when the technique is to be
      used for other investigations.

PMID- 3396613
TI  - The effect of cigarette smoking on drug metabolism in the liver and placenta: the
      use of cotinine in verifying smoking status.
AB  - Placental and hepatic xenobiotic-metabolising activities were studied in smokers
      and non-smokers, who were classified by anamnestic interview, plasma thiocyanate
      and plasma cotinine determinations. Plasma thiocyanate assay is inadequate in the
      classification of smokers and non-smokers. Plasma cotinine levels reflect more
      accurately the smoking status. The anamnestic smokers remained smokers and
      several self-declared non-smokers proved to be smokers. On the basis of plasma
      cotinine determination all real smokers had higher 7-ethoxyresorufin 0-deethylase
      (ERDE) activities measured either in placental microsomes or liver biopsy
      homogenates than non-smokers. Classification based on plasma cotinine levels
      showed a statistically significant (P less than 0.001) difference between smokers
      and non-smokers in liver homogenate ERDE activity. However, cotinine levels did
      not correlate with any of the xenobiotic-metabolising activities tested. An
      objective biochemical marker, such as cotinine determination seems to be
      necessary when evaluating the effect of smoking on drug metabolism in man.

PMID- 3396614
TI  - Metabolism of detomidine in the rat. I. Comparison of 3H-labelled metabolites
      formed in vitro and in vivo.
AB  - The biotransformation of detomidine, a new alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist, was
      studied using rat as the model animal. In vivo metabolism of the tritiated drug
      was compared to in vitro incubations with liver homogenates and intact, isolated
      hepatocytes. Metabolites were analysed by HPLC with radioactivity detection. The
      metabolic patterns in all systems were closely related. HPLC of urine gave twelve
      radioactive peaks. Tritiated water and unchanged 3H-detomidine were minor
      components. The two major peaks were tentatively identified as hydroxylated
      detomidine (14%) and its O-glucuronide (43%). Sulphate conjugates were not found.
      Isolated hepatocytes converted detomidine to the same two major products; the
      relative amount of the glucuronide increased with incubation time. In liver post
      mitochondrial supernatant, hydroxylation was the dominant reaction, and the
      hydroxylated product comprised 74% of the total metabolites with non-induced and
      50% with phenobarbital-induced liver. The major biotransformation in rat was thus
      concluded to be hydroxylation by the liver monooxygenases followed by glucuronic
      acid conjugation. The maximal rate of oxidation or the enzymatic capacity of a
      whole liver was estimated to be at least 100 nmol/min allowing for a high hepatic
      extraction ratio for detomidine. Together with the effective excretion of the
      glucuronide, this reaction sequence alone could account for the rapid elimination
      of the drug.

PMID- 3396616
TI  - Amiodarone pharmacokinetics in coronary patients: differences between acute and
      one-month chronic dosing.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of amiodarone (A) and its desethylamiodarone metabolite
      (DEA) were compared in the same coronary patients after a first 1000 mg dose and
      one-month chronic oral dosing. Terminal half-life (t1/2 el) of amiodarone
      increased from a mean (SD) 24.1 +/- 19.5 h after the first dose to 20.4 +/- 4.8
      days after the last dose. Desethylamiodarone slowly appeared in the plasma after
      the first oral dose and its apparent t el was 61.6 +/- 26.6 h. After one-month
      dosing apparent t1/2 el of desethylamiodarone increased to 29.5 +/- 9.7 days.
      Mean maximal plasma amiodarone/desethylamiodarone concentration ratio decreased
      from 9.2 +/- 5.0 to 2.0 +/- 0.6 after chronic dosing. This change was mainly
      related to an increase in the plasma concentration of desethylamiodarone. These
      data suggest that after long-term treatment with amiodarone, the complete
      elimination of the drug and its metabolite may need 3-4 months in some patients.
      The results of this study were presented in part at the meeting of the Societe
      Francaise de Therapeutique et de Pharmacologie Clinique, Paris, December 1985.

PMID- 3396615
TI  - Metabolism of detomidine in the rat. II. Characterisation of metabolites in
      urine.
AB  - In order to investigate the biotransformation of a new alpha 2-adrenoceptor
      agonist, detomidine, metabolites were isolated from rat urine by solid phase
      extraction and purified by TLC. The isolated compounds were structurally analysed
      by 1H-NMR, MS and GC-MS as such or as their methyl and/or silyl derivatives. In
      addition to detomidine, which was found in trace amounts, four major metabolites
      were identified: hydroxymethyldetomidine, the corresponding O-glucuronide,
      detomidine carboxylic acid, and detomidine mercapturate. Together the identified
      components make up about 80% of urinary detomidine derived compounds. On the
      basis of these findings a major biotransformation pathway could be suggested. The
      reaction sequence is initiated by a hydroxylation. Subsequent glucuronidation,
      glutathione conjugation or secondary oxidation divide the route into three
      branches each producing one of the other three identified metabolites.

PMID- 3396617
TI  - Plasma glucose lowering effect of sparteine sulphate infusion in non-insulin
      dependent (type 2) diabetic subjects.
AB  - Sparteine sulphate, given i.v. as a bolus of 15 mg/ml plus 90 mg in 0.9% NaCl 100
      ml over 60 min, increases plasma insulin and decreases plasma glucose and
      adrenaline in non-insulin dependent (Type II) diabetic subjects. The
      hypoglycaemic effect was also evident in the presence of a high plasma glucose
      level produced by Biostator changing glucose infusion from 20.2 +/- 2.8 to 26.4
      +/- 4.2 mg.kg-1.min-1 (p less than 0.01), and it was potentiated by simultaneous
      infusion of arginine. No additional effect of sparteine on the peripheral
      sensitivity to insulin were detected by the euglycaemic, hyperinsulinaemic
      glucose clamp technique, as the glucose infusion rate (3.1 +/- 0.8 vs 2.6 +/- 1.2
      mg.kg-1.min-1) was not statistically significant different in the last 60 min of
      the experiment. It is concluded that sparteine sulphate enhances beta-cell
      secretion, causing a fall in the plasma glucose concentration.

PMID- 3396618
TI  - The effect of renal and hepatic impairment and of spironolactone on digoxin
      immunoassays.
AB  - The effect of renal and/or hepatic dysfunction, and of concomitant spironolactone
      therapy, on seven commercial digoxin assays was evaluated in 45 patients taking
      both these drugs, and a comparison made with the digoxin concentrations measured
      using the same assays in 30 patients taking digoxin in the absence of
      spironolactone. The study showed that increasing renal dysfunction resulted in
      increasing inaccuracy in assay results with the methods tested. The influence of
      concomitant spironolactone was to produce a further distortion, which was shown
      to be additive in patients with impaired renal and/or liver function. The results
      highlight the unresolved specificity problems which persist in many, if not all,
      of the immunoassays currently offered to clinical laboratories which, if not
      recognised, could significantly influence digoxin therapy and patient management.

PMID- 3396619
TI  - Respiratory function measurements in clinical pharmacological studies including
      an assessment of the area under the MEFV curve as a new parameter in chronic
      bronchitic patients.
AB  - We have assessed the value of the area under the MEFV curve (AUC) as an index of
      respiratory function in chronic bronchitis and compared it with PFR, FEV1, FVC,
      volume at 75% PFR (V75), V50, V25, F50 and F75. The reproducibility of these
      parameters was tested in 10 normal subjects and 10 patients with chronic
      bronchitis. The FVC was the most reproducible while the coefficient of variation
      for the AUC was the same as for the other MEFV curve indices. The sensitivity
      (percentage change on bronchodilatation after intravenous aminophylline) of the
      above measurements was also tested in a further nine patients with chronic
      bronchitis. The AUC was much more sensitive to bronchodilatation than any of the
      other measurements. Therefore although the AUC was less reproducible than simple
      spirometric indices, it was more sensitive to bronchodilatation by a greater
      factor. This probably outweighs its poor reproducibility and AUC would therefore
      seem to be a useful new index of bronchodilatation in chronic bronchitis.

PMID- 3396620
TI  - Single- and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of terodiline in geriatric patients.
AB  - As a target group, geriataric patients were selected for pharmacokinetic studies
      with terodiline (Mictrol), an anticholinergic and calcium antagonist drug
      effective in the treatment of urinary incontinence. The single-dose kinetics in
      the geriatric patients (mean age 82 years) differed significantly from that
      previously found (Hallen et al. 1987) in healthy volunteers (mean age 35 years).
      There were higher peak serum concentrations (110 vs 79 micrograms.l-1), increased
      half-life (189 vs 60 h), lower renal clearance (4.0 vs 10.9 ml.min-1) and lower
      total clearance (29 vs 75 ml.min-1). Multiple-doses of 12.5 mg b.d. for 6-8 weeks
      resulted in a mean steady-state concentration of 642 micrograms.l-1, which was in
      agreement with the single dose parameters. The studied geriatric patients can be
      characterized not only as old, but also as frail, bedridden, having several
      diseases and polymedicated. The differences in pharmacokinetics between younger
      and elderly subjects can be attributed to a variety of complex factors, which may
      alter the clearance and/or the volume of distribution.

PMID- 3396621
TI  - Acetylator polymorphism in discoid lupus erythematosus.
AB  - Acetylator phenotype was determined, using sulphamethazine, in 37 patients with
      histologically confirmed discoid lupus erythematosus, who were free from visceral
      damage, and in 157 normal control subjects. Twenty patients (54%) and 90 control
      subjects (57.4%) were slow acetylators (p not significant). Acetylator
      polymorphism appears not to be related to the risk of developing pure cutaneous
      discoid lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 3396623
TI  - Increased systemic availability of albendazole when taken with a fatty meal.
AB  - We have studied the systemic availability of oral albendazole in 6 patients with
      echinococcosis either fasting or with breakfast. Albendazole sulphoxide, the
      pharmacologically active principle, was assayed by HPLC. Mean plasma
      concentrations and AUCs were 4.5 times higher when albendazole was given with
      breakfast than when administered in the fasting state. We conclude that therapy
      of echinococcosis with albendazole requires the drug to be taken with meals and
      that administration on an empty stomach might be more appropriate when
      intraluminal effects are desired, e.g. for intestinal parasites.

PMID- 3396622
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of oxcarbazepine and 10-hydroxy-carbazepine in the newborn child
      of an oxcarbazepine-treated mother.
AB  - Gaschromatography--mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to determine plasma levels
      of oxcarbazepine (OCB) and its main metabolite in a newborn girl and her OCB
      treated mother during the first five post partum days. At delivery the maternal
      and neonatal plasma concentrations were in the same range, indicating
      considerable placental transfer of both substances. In spite of ingestion of both
      substances via breast milk, there was no accumulation in the baby. On the fifth
      post partum day OCB and 10-hydroxy-carbazepine (10-OH-CB) levels in plasma in the
      newborn were only 12 and 7%, respectively, of the values found on the first day
      after delivery.

PMID- 3396624
TI  - Comparison of the effect of irindalone, a novel serotonin 5-HT2 antagonist and
      ketanserin on mechanical responses of rat thoracic aorta.
AB  - The relaxant effect of irindalone [+)-(1R, 3.S)-1-[2-[4-[3-(p-fluorophenyl)-1
      indanyl]-1-piperazinyl] ethyl]2-imidazolidinone) and ketanserin was studies on
      active tension in isolated rat thoracic aorta. Irindalone and ketanserin caused a
      concentration-related inhibition of serotonin-induced contractions and shifted
      the serotonin curve to the right. Irindalone was more potent in inhibiting the
      serotonin-induced contractions and ketanserin was. The slopes of the Schild plots
      for the two substances were slightly, but not significantly, different from each
      other. This indicates that irindalone had a more pronounced serotonin
      antagonistic effect than ketanserin.

PMID- 3396625
TI  - Possible involvement of the central GABAergic system in pentobarbital-stimulated
      gastric acid secretion in the perfused rat stomach preparation.
AB  - The effects of several convulsants and diazepam on pentobarbital-stimulated
      gastric acid secretion were studied in the perfused stomach of rats under
      urethane anesthesia. Picrotoxin and pentylenetetrazol, GABA antagonists, and 3
      mercaptopropionic acid, an inhibitor of GABA biosynthesis, strongly inhibited the
      pentobarbital-stimulated gastric acid secretion. The secretory action of
      pentobarbital was transiently depressed by strychnine, a glycine antagonist, and
      by bicuculline, a GABA antagonist; vigorous convulsions were observed in these
      rats. Diazepam had no effect on the pentobarbital-stimulated gastric acid
      secretion. These findings suggest that the potentiation of central GABAergic
      mediation by pentobarbital could be a main mechanism involved in pentobarbital
      stimulated gastric acid secretion.

PMID- 3396626
TI  - Functional receptors for fish neuropeptide urotensin II in major rat arteries.
AB  - Receptor binding of fish neuropeptide urotensin II (UII) was characterized in
      membranes isolated from major rat arteries. Monoiodinated UII radioligand (125I
      UII) was prepared and purified using high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC).
      The contractile potency of iodinated UII (I-UII) on rat thoracic aorta strips was
      somewhat lower than that of native UII. The binding of 125I-UII to the membrane
      preparations of rat thoracic aorta was saturable, specific and time-dependent.
      Scatchard analysis indicated a single population of binding sites with an
      apparent dissociation constant of 5.9 x 10(-9) M. The calculated maximal number
      of binding sites was about 155 fmol/mg protein. The specific binding to the
      membrane preparations from the abdominal aorta and mesenteric artery was about 27
      and 8%, respectively, of those in the thoracic aorta, which corresponds to the
      order of contractile potency of UII on rat blood vessels: thoracic aorta greater
      than abdominal aorta greater than mesenteric artery. The displacement of 125I-UII
      binding by the UII peptide or its fragments (UII-(5-12), UII-(6-12) and UII-(6
      11] were also comparable to their contractile effects on rat thoracic aorta
      strips (UII greater than UII-(5-12) greater than UII-(6-12) much greater than UII
      (6-11]. These results suggest that the fish neuropeptide, UII, can induce
      contraction of rat vascular tissue by interacting with its functional receptors.

PMID- 3396627
TI  - Effects of amiloride and its analogues on [3H]batrachotoxinin-A 20-alpha benzoate
      binding, [3H]tetracaine binding and 22Na influx.
AB  - The ability of amiloride and its analogues to inhibit [3H]batrachotoxinin-A 20
      alpha benzoate [( 3H]BTX-B) and [3H]tetracaine binding to rat synaptosomes and to
      a rat heart membrane preparation was tested. Their ability to inhibit 22Na influx
      was determined with rat synaptosomes. 5-N-substituted analogues were generally
      more potent in inhibiting [3H]BTX-B and [3H]tetracaine binding than compounds
      substituted on the guanidine group. However, the inhibition was not competitive.
      Amiloride and some of its analogues were as active or more active in inhibiting
      [3H]tetracaine binding than they were in inhibiting [3H]BTX-B binding. 22Na
      influx was inhibited with the same relative potencies as [3H]BTX-B binding and a
      good correlation was found between the two inhibitions. These results show an
      effect of amiloride and its analogues on the voltage-sensitive Na+ channels,
      which could partly explain the inotropic effects of these drugs.

PMID- 3396628
TI  - [Spontaneous heart failure in BALB/c mice].
AB  - The hearts of BALB/c mice are known to acquire pronounced greyish white spots
      (cardiac white spots). BALB/c male mice were examined for the relationship
      between the incidence of cardiac white spots and weekly age, and compared with
      DDY male mice. During the observation period of 0.4-30 weeks, cardiac white spots
      on the right ventricle of BALB/c mice were first detected at three weeks (6 of 20
      mice; 30%), and the maximal incidence of cardiac white spots was obtained at nine
      weeks (39 of 44 mice; 88%). In contrast, DDY mice were completely devoid of
      cardiac spots. Histopathologically, the cardiac spots were dystrophic calcinosis.
      There were significant increases in the relative organ weights of the heart and
      kidney of BALB/c mice compared with those of DDY mice. However, there was no
      significant difference between BALB/c and DDY mice in serum calcium concentration
      or histological characteristics of the parathyroid gland or bone marrow. The
      cardiac white spots of BALB/c mice were considered to be controlled by genetic
      susceptibility that occurred spontaneously with aging. The results described here
      suggest that BALB/c mice are adequate experimental animals for the study of
      myocardial disease that occurs spontaneously.

PMID- 3396629
TI  - Sexing of half-embryos produced by microsurgical bisection of mouse morulae and
      production of chimeric mouse of defined sex composition by aggregating two sexed
      half-embryos.
AB  - Using the halved morulae of mice obtained with microsurgical technique, the
      following two experiments were performed. 1) Sexing of half-embryos by
      chromosomal analysis and transfer of the half-embryos after determining the sex
      of the other monozygotic half. One half of the bisected embryo was cultured in
      Colcemid solution (0.04 micrograms/ml) to be ensured for chromosomal preparation.
      More than 50% (152/270) of the blastulated embryos from the halves could be sexed
      by direct sex chromosome analysis. Thirty-nine of the half-embryos of which the
      co-twin halves were sexed, were transplanted in to the uterine horns of 18
      pseudopregnant mice, and twelve became pregnant. The autopsies of them on Day 18
      to 20 of pregnancy, revealed the presence of 16 fetuses. The morphological sex of
      these fetuses thus obtained coincided completely with the previous judgement
      based on the chromosomal sexing. 2) Production of chimeras of defined sex
      composition by aggregating two half-morulae of defined sex. Out of 147 pairs of
      half-morulae of two different strains (ICR and C3H/He), which were replaced in
      pairs into empty zona pellucidae, 107 (72.8%) were aggregated successfully and
      developed in vitro into full expanding blastocysts of typical form. Among the 107
      aggregate blastocysts, 31 were sexed for both component embryos by chromosomal
      analysis on the co-twin half-embryos. When these 31 blastocysts were transferred,
      11 living offspring including 4 chimeras were obtained. Transfer of 12 male-male
      and 5 female-female aggregate blastocysts resulted in 8 males and 1 female,
      respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3396630
TI  - Back-drawer: a behavioral mutant in Japanese quail.
AB  - The behavioral mutant "back-drawer" of Japanese quail is characterized by
      crouching and back-drawing action with the neck bending ventrally and occasional
      forward rolling. The abnormal behavior appears from hatching to 8 weeks of age.
      Back-drawers were classified into three types: (1) those showing the abnormality
      at hatching and dies within 5 days; (2) those showing the abnormality after 2
      weeks of age and dies shortly thereafter; and (3) long survivors suffering from
      abnormal behavior, and showing gradual recovery. Back-drawer males are infertile
      when showing the abnormality, but can produce progeny after recovery. In
      contrast, the females tend to have a short life span and lack reproductive
      ability. Genetic analyses have indicated that this mutant character is controlled
      by 2 pairs of autosomal recessive genes.

PMID- 3396631
TI  - [Morphometrical study of physical growth in infant cynomolgus monkeys using
      multivariate analysis].
AB  - We describe the relative growth in infant cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca
      fascicularis). The multivariate analyses using the principal component analysis
      and multivariate allometric analysis were applied to biometrical data of
      laboratory-bred cynomolgus monkeys aged from birth to 12 weeks. All the animals
      had been bred and reared under uniform environmental conditions at Tsukuba
      Primate Center for Medical Science, N. I. H., Japan. As the result of the
      principal component analysis, the cumulative contribution ratio of the 1st and
      2nd principal components (PC1 and PC2) accounted for 88.2% and 85.7% in males and
      females, respectively. This indicates that the morphologic traits (15 traits)
      grow normally in size, but the analysis did not detect any differences in growth
      rate among the traits. So, the multivariate allometric analysis was applied to
      the same data. The traits concerning the face and truck showed relatively high
      growth rates compared to head breadth, whereas the limbs and arms grew slowly.

PMID- 3396632
TI  - Renal vascular changes in hydronephrosis in rats: scanning electron microscopy of
      resin casts of glomerular capillaries.
AB  - Vascular changes in the hydronephrotic glomeruli of rats were examined using
      corrosion casts, India ink injection and histological methods. In severe cases,
      the diameter of the glomerular capillary conglomerations decreased to 40-90
      microns as a result of glomerular atrophy. The capillaries of these glomeruli
      also had reduced diameters, and were strangulated and torn off to varying
      degrees. The intact capillary network of the renal medulla was destroyed and the
      normal alignment of capillaries parallel to the tubules was lost. These
      morphological characteristics may account in part for the difficulty in
      glomerular capillary blood circulation.

PMID- 3396633
TI  - Appearance of interfrontal bone in chimeric mouse.
AB  - The incidence of the interfrontal bone in mice differs between strains, being
      high in C57BL/6 and low in BALB/c. In the present study, aggregation chimeras
      (C57BL----BALB) were examined to reveal whether or not genetically different
      cells interact in the morphogenesis of the interfrontal bone. In C57BL/6 mice,
      large interfrontal bones appeared in almost all animals, whereas in BALB/c and
      reciprocal F1 crosses (C57 BL x BALB, BALB x C57BL), large bones were seldom
      observed while tiny bones at the inside of the skull appeared at a low incidence.
      In contrast, chimeras frequently had large interfrontal bones, the size of which
      varied considerably. Based on the degree of chimerism as determined by coat color
      mosaicism and glucose phosphate isomerase (G PI) analysis of tissues, the
      chimeric mice containing a dominant population of C57BL cells had large
      interfrontal bones, while those with a predominance of BALB cells had no bone or
      had tiny ones. The results indicated that the appearance of the interfrontal bone
      corresponded with the population of the C57BL cells occupying the skeletal
      rudiment, and that there was no interaction between C57BL cells and BALB cells in
      the morphogenesis of the interfrontal bone.

PMID- 3396634
TI  - [The pathological study of enterosiderosis in guinea pigs].
AB  - Enterosiderosis in both SPF Hartley guinea pigs and vitamin C-deficient animals
      of the same strain were studied by light and electron microscopy. Enterosiderosis
      was detected in all animals in the present study. Macrophages, inclosing
      yellowish-brown pigments and erythrocytes, appeared in the lamina propria of the
      intestinal mucosa, mainly in the cecum. These pigments in the macrophages were
      positive for Prussian blue, PAS and the Nile blue reaction. Residual bodies
      containing highly electron-dense ferritin-like particles, lipofuscin granules and
      debris of phagocytized erythrocytes were found by electron microscopy in the
      macrophages. In vitamin C-deficient guinea pigs, the number of macrophages,
      including the same above pigments, appeared in the lamina propria of the
      intestinal mucosa, and there was severe enterosiderosis. In the absorptive cells
      of the intestinal mucous membrane, granules positive for the Prussian blue
      reaction appeared only in the duodenum. These findings strongly suggest that the
      pigments in the macrophages in enterosiderosis of the guinea pigs were mixtures
      of iron and lipofuscin granules and that the iron is derived from erythrocytes
      phagocytized by macrophages in the lamina propria, but not from iron absorbed by
      epithelial cells.

PMID- 3396635
TI  - Brain lesions induced by hypertonic saline in mice: dose and injection route and
      incidence of lesions.
AB  - A single injection of hypertonic saline produced brain lesions with corresponding
      nervous signs in mice. The lesions were most often found in the hippocampus and
      were characterized by degeneration and loss of pyramidal cells. They could be
      induced effectively by a single administration of 20 ml of 25% saline/kg orally
      or of 30 ml of 8.5% saline/kg intraperitoneally. This simple experimental system
      seems to be a useful model of central nervous system involvement.

PMID- 3396636
TI  - Reduced fertility in gracile axonal dystrophy (gad) mice.
AB  - Mean litter size in gad/gad females was significantly lower than in normal
      females (+/+ and gad/+) in intra- and inter-strain crosses. The reduction in
      litter size was not dependent on the genotypes of the males, but could be
      attributed to the gad/gad females themselves. The numbers of corpora lutea and
      implants in gad/gad females were slightly reduced as compared with those in the
      controls, but the number of live fetuses was significantly lower than that in
      normal females 14 days after copulation (P less than 0.02). Hence, reduced litter
      size in gad/gad females was accounted for mostly by embryonic and fetal death
      after implantation, which was inferred to be due to impaired uterine function.

PMID- 3396637
TI  - Morphometric and electrophysiological evidence for a diameter-based rate of
      degeneration in the optic nerve of the rat.
AB  - The diameter-based rate of degeneration in the rat's optic nerve was examined
      using coordinated morphological and electrophysiological techniques. Long-Evans,
      male rats were implanted with indwelling stimulating electrodes in the optic
      chiasm and recording electrodes in the stratum opticum of the superior
      colliculus. After 1 week, unilateral enucleation was performed with the
      unoperated side serving as the control. Electrically evoked recordings, obtained
      on the day of enucleation (D0), displayed three distinct peaks, Pre, N1 and P3,
      with peak latencies of 1.22, 2.22, and 4.04 ms, respectively. In a parallel set
      of rats, morphological analysis of the optic nerve over D1-7 was performed.
      Electron micrographs were taken of cross sections of the entire optic nerve from
      both the enucleated and unoperated (i.e., control) side. Computer-linked
      morphometric analysis of the ultrastructurally normal axons from each nerve was
      assembled in three-dimensional, diameter-based histograms at each time point. The
      control population consisted of axons with diameters ranging from less than 0.5
      5.0 microns with a modal peak of 1.5 micron and a well developed tail in the 3.5
      5.0 microns range. By D1,2, a selective loss of large diameter (greater than 3.5
      microns) axons occurred in the optic nerve, with medium diameter (2.0-3.5
      microns) axons degenerating at D4 and smaller diameter populations (less than 2.0
      microns) persisting until later time points (D5-7). A linear regression analysis
      showed an exponential rate of degeneration which was a direct function of axonal
      diameter. In summary, this study demonstrates that the fiber population of the
      optic nerve is separable electrophysiologically and by its rate of degeneration,
      with larger diameter fibers degenerating faster in response to transection.

PMID- 3396638
TI  - Electrophysiological and morphological evidence for a diameter-based innervation
      pattern of the superior colliculus.
AB  - Neurophysiological and morphological techniques were used to describe changes in
      the optic tract and superior colliculus (SC) in response to unilateral
      enucleation. Long-Evans, male (greater than 250 g) rats were implanted with
      chronic bipolar stimulating electrodes located in the optic chiasm and a
      recording electrode located below the stratum griseum superficiale (SGS) and
      referenced to a skull screw electrode. In rats with satisfactory electrode
      placements (n = 15), peaks corresponding to rapidly conducting presynaptic
      activity (Pre), rapidly conducting postsynaptic activity (N1), and slowly
      conducting postsynaptic activity (P3) were identified according to peak latency,
      polarity, stimulation threshold, and resistance to 100-Hz stimulation. These
      peaks diminished differentially over a 7 day (D1-7) postenucleation period. Those
      peaks reflecting rapidly conducting axons (i.e., Pre, N1) decayed by D2, whereas
      those reflecting slowly conducting axons (i.e., P3) persisted until D4 and
      decayed completely by D7. In a separate set of enucleated rats (n = 25), the
      progression of degeneration in the SC was outlined morphologically from D1-7
      using both light and electron microscopy. Light microscopy of semithin epoxy
      sections indicated that degenerative changes, consisting largely of swollen axons
      and myelin debris, appeared first in the upper stratum opticum (SO) and lower SGS
      on D1,2, progressed upward throughout the middle SGS by D4, and finally involved
      the entire SGS and lower stratum zonale (SZ) by D5-7. Electron microscopy,
      however, indicated that although degenerated terminals were seen in the lower
      SGS, at (D1,2), the majority of degenerated synapses were restricted to the upper
      SGS at the later time points. Coupled with the electrophysiological data, these
      observations indicate that within the SGS, early degenerating, large diameter
      optic nerve fibers terminate below slower degenerating, smaller diameter fibers.

PMID- 3396639
TI  - Phrenic motor nucleus of the guinea pig: dendrites are bundled without clustering
      of cell somas.
AB  - In this study, the phrenic motor nucleus of adult guinea pigs was characterized
      following retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase. The phrenic motor
      nucleus was localized to cervical sections C4-C7 in the ventromedial portion of
      the ventral horn. We further analyzed the internal organization of the phrenic
      motor nucleus by calculating the spatial interval distribution for the labeled
      motor neurons and their dorsally projecting dendrites which extended
      perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the nucleus. Although the phrenic motor
      neurons were not clustered, the dendrites occurred in bundles with a mean
      longitudinal distance between bundles of 165 micron (range, 40-350 micron).

PMID- 3396640
TI  - Sarcomere length in normal and dystrophic chick muscles.
AB  - An electron microscope study of 2- and 8-week-old normal and dystrophic chickens
      compared sarcomere lengths in relaxed and passively extended Patagialis (PAT)
      muscles. Sarcomeres were measured in dystrophic muscles only in fibers which
      exhibited no morphological signs of degeneration. Sarcomere lengths were not
      different from each other in normal muscles of 2- and 8-week-old chickens.
      Passive extension of the normal wing increased mean sarcomere length by 44%.
      Sarcomere lengths in unstretched dystrophic PAT muscles were 22 and 25% longer
      than unstretched normal sarcomeres at 2 and 8 weeks of age. Passive extension of
      the wing further increased sarcomere length of 2-week-old dystrophic muscles to
      the length of stretched sarcomeres in 2-week-old normal muscles. In 8-week-old
      dystrophic chickens, the wings could be passively extended to only 134 degrees,
      rather than the normal range of 180 degrees. In this case, passive extension of
      the wings did not further increase the length of sarcomeres. Increased sarcomere
      lengths in dystrophic muscles may indicate that dystrophic muscle fibers are
      being subjected to greater degrees of passive tension than normal muscle fibers
      during early stages of growth. Passive tension is known to promote fiber
      hypertrophy, nuclear proliferation, and increased oxidative metabolism in normal
      muscle. These responses to passive tension are also characteristic of prenecrotic
      stages of muscular dystrophy in chickens.

PMID- 3396641
TI  - Further evaluation of the effects of laminin, testosterone, ganglioside GM 1, and
      catalase on early growth in rat nerve regeneration chambers.
AB  - We present here the results of an extended series of experiments on the effects
      of exogenous biochemical agents on nerve regeneration. They were applied by
      multiple injection into in vivo nerve regeneration chambers developed in this
      laboratory for rat sciatic nerve. Previously, a mixture of laminin, testosterone,
      ganglioside GM 1, and catalase at a defined concentration was shown to
      substantially advance the progress and maturation of regeneration in 16-day
      chambers, out of a variety of numerous other agents screened. In this study, an
      attempt is made to further clarify the contribution of the single ingredients
      used in combination. None of the agents proved to be able to mimic the previously
      observed effects by themselves (to their full extent). The best results were
      obtained by application of laminin; catalase treatment revealed results
      apparently worse than those in controls. Therefore, a redefined combination of
      the described agents, catalase now being omitted, was also tested. These results
      appeared to be grossly similar to those we recently reported.

PMID- 3396642
TI  - No correlation between cerebral blood flow and neurologic recovery after
      reversible total cerebral ischemia in the dog.
AB  - This study was conducted to determine if regional cerebral flow during the first
      day after total cerebral ischemia was correlated with neurologic deficit and
      eventual survival. Dogs were subjected to 11 min of total cerebral ischemia (TCI)
      produced by an arterial and venous double balloon occlusion method. Recovery was
      allowed for up to 7 days after reperfusion, whereupon it was reassessed in
      survivors. Blood flow, determined by the radiolabeled microsphere method, was
      determined before TCI and at times up to 24 h after reperfusion. Blood flow
      during reperfusion after TCI followed the expected pattern of immediate
      hyperperfusion followed by prolonged hypoperfusion. TCI of 11 min duration
      resulted in a 50% mortality rate by 1 week. No positive correlation between
      magnitude or duration of hypoperfusion and neurologic deficit or mortality was
      found. It was concluded that improved postischemic blood flow cannot be used as a
      criterion for assessing drug therapy without reference to metabolic demand. The
      observation of a statistical correlation between dogs that survived and lower
      hematocrit was reported. It was suggested that the prolonged hypoperfusion
      encountered after TCI was not pathological, but rather served as a mechanism to
      limit oxygen exposure to the brain during a vulnerable period and, thus, was part
      of a controlled attempt at recovery of function by the central nervous system.

PMID- 3396643
TI  - Characterization of the epileptiform activity induced by magnesium-free solution
      in rat amygdala slices: an intracellular study.
AB  - The effect of Mg2+-free medium on neuronal activity in the basolateral nucleus of
      the rat amygdala slice was studied using intracellular recording techniques.
      Removal of Mg2+ from perfusate resulted in the development of three types of
      spontaneous activity, EPSP-like, ictal-like, and interictal-like events. The
      ictal-like events consisted of a long-duration depolarizing potential with
      several recurrent interictal bursts riding on it. The tonic and clonic firing
      phases seen in ictal-like events closely resembled the tonic and clonic phases of
      seizures which may provide a new model for studying the mechanisms underlying the
      generation of ictal seizures. The duration of interictal-like events induced in
      Mg2+-free solution is 10- to 30-fold longer than that produced by a convulsant.
      Two factors, a small or absent epileptiform afterhyperpolarization and a high
      density of NMDA receptor binding sites within the basolateral amygdala nucleus,
      may account for this difference.

PMID- 3396644
TI  - Response of status epilepticus induced by lithium and pilocarpine to treatment
      with diazepam.
AB  - Status epilepticus (SE) was induced in rats by administration of 3 mmol/kg
      lithium chloride followed 24 h later by injection of 25 mg/kg pilocarpine.
      Treatment with 20 mg/kg diazepam was initiated at the time each of four EEG
      patterns was seen: (i) discrete electrographic seizures; (ii) waxing and waning
      epileptiform activity; (iii) continuous, high-amplitude, rapid spiking; and (iv)
      periodic epileptiform discharges (PEDs) on a relatively flat background. Success
      of diazepam in stopping all seizure activity was predicted by the EEG pattern
      seen at the time of treatment. All rats treated while displaying discrete
      electrographic seizures had status stopped with diazepam, but only three of six
      with waxing and waning epileptiform activity and one of six each with continuous
      spiking and PEDs. Rats which continued to seize had a decrease in spike amplitude
      of 74.8 +/- 18.25% following diazepam injection. These data confirm the clinical
      impression that the longer the duration of status epilepticus, the more difficult
      it is to control and suggest that the EEG pattern at the time of treatment
      predicts the probability of success.

PMID- 3396645
TI  - Interocular transfer of extinction of visual pattern discriminations in split
      chiasm and split-brain cats.
AB  - The interocular transfer of the extinction of visual pattern discrimination was
      studied in cats with either section of optic chiasm (split-chiasm cats) or
      combined sections of chiasm and forebrain commissures (split-brain cats). Visual
      pattern discriminations were monocularly learned and their interocular transfer
      was assessed through the opposite eye. Then, learning was unilaterally
      extinguished and interocular transfer of extinction was tested on the other side.
      In split-chiasm cats, the total number of trials to extinction criterion (EC) was
      significantly lower with the second eye than with the first eye, indicating a
      successful interocular transfer. In split-brain cats, EC with the second eye was
      attained faster than with the first in some performances; it was similar with
      both eyes in other tasks, and with the second eye was higher than with the first
      in still other tasks. Statistical analysis applied to this group of split-brain
      cats pointed out that extinction performances with the two eyes were not
      significantly different. These findings suggest that interocular transfer of
      extinction was abolished in split-brain cats and that memory for extinction was
      unilaterally established in the absence of forebrain commissures.

PMID- 3396646
TI  - Jendrassik maneuver facilitates soleus H-reflex without change in average soleus
      motoneuron pool membrane potential.
AB  - Facilitation of spinal reflex amplitude by remote muscle contraction, otherwise
      known as the Jendrassik maneuver (JM), was first shown over 100 years ago, yet
      the mechanism by which this facilitation operates remains undetermined. Earlier
      work has eliminated participation of the muscle spindle in JM-induced spinal
      reflex facilitation, leaving changes in postsynaptic (e.g., change in average
      soleus motoneuron membrane potential) and presynaptic (e.g., inhibition of
      presynaptic inhibition) mechanisms as viable candidates. We recorded background
      EMG in the soleus muscle during JM-induced soleus H-reflex facilitation in
      humans. The JM in this experiment consisted of wrist muscle contraction. Soleus
      background EMG was maintained by the subject at either a zero level (e.g.,
      relaxed) or a specified moderate level prior to and during the JM. The JM
      increased H-reflex amplitude by comparable amounts in both situations, but had no
      effect on soleus background EMG. Given the well-known relationship between the
      average motoneuron pool membrane potential and background EMG, we conclude that
      JM facilitation of the soleus H-reflex is not caused by an increase in background
      excitatory input to the soleus motoneuron pool. Remaining candidates for
      mediation of JM induced H-reflex facilitation include change in stimulus-evoked
      afferent input at some point proximal to the muscle spindle, such as reduction in
      presynaptic inhibition, or a change in motoneuron input resistance.

PMID- 3396647
TI  - Delayed treatment with nerve growth factor reverses the apparent loss of
      cholinergic neurons after acute brain damage.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that the loss after brain injury of adult rat septal
      cholinergic neurons whose axons are transected can be prevented by immediate
      intraventricular nerve growth factor (NGF) administration. This loss of
      axotomized neurons may be due to a reduction in detectability of neurotransmitter
      related enzyme rather than to neuronal death. Here we report that NGF treatment,
      started after most of the neurons were no longer detectable (i.e., 1, 2, and 3
      weeks), induced a dramatic reappearance of the apparently lost cholinergic
      neurons. These results may have important implications for potential trophic
      factor treatments of CNS trauma and neurodegenerative diseases, such as
      Alzheimer's dementia, which are characterized by chronic and progressive losses
      in the function of specific sets of neurons.

PMID- 3396648
TI  - Schistosoma haematobium: evaluation of selected substances as chemical
      attractants for miracidia in excretion products of Bulinus africanus.

PMID- 3396649
TI  - Intrahepatic biliary tract--oral contraceptives. Electron microscopic
      examinations of 27 surgical liver biopsies.
AB  - An electron microscopic study of 27 liver biopsies of patients on oral
      contraceptives is reported with special attention to the alterations of
      intrahepatic biliary tract. Bile ductules were normal. Bile canaliculi were
      damaged in each case with severe alterations of the canalicular membranes. An
      accumulation of granular, filamentous, lipoid material or collagen fibres could
      be observed in the lumina of canaliculi. Wide layer of dense actin-like filaments
      was present in the pericanalicular area and along the lateral cell membrane of
      liver cells. It is presumed that the ultrastructural alterations of canalicular
      cell membranes and of pericanalicular cytoplasm are connected with an impaired
      bile secretion in patients on oral contraceptives.

PMID- 3396650
TI  - Comparative study of morphological changes in the myocardium after different
      types of allergic reaction in coronary vessels.
AB  - Changes in the dog heart were studied by light and electron microscopy 1 h after
      production of different types of reactions of immediate hypersensitivity-
      anaphylactic, cytotoxic and immune complex--in the coronary vascular bed. It was
      shown that cytotoxic action of anticardiac antibodies produced the most
      significant changes. These were disturbance of coronary circulation, ischemic
      changes in the myocardium, structural changes in cardiomyocytes. Early
      destruction of glycocalyx and formation of defects in the cardiomyocyte
      sarcolemma revealed by an electron microscopic tracer colloidal lanthanum were
      most characteristic of this reaction.

PMID- 3396651
TI  - PGE1 reduces collagen and glycosaminoglycan synthesis in rabbit aorta.
AB  - In 18 male rabbits the influence of PGE1 on collagen and glycosaminoglycan
      synthesis assessed by means of the incorporation of radiolabelled precursors has
      been examined. It is demonstrated that PGE1 induces a 20-30% drop both in 14C
      proline and 35S incorporation into the vessel wall. These findings are in line
      with earlier data on the inhibition of proliferation of smooth muscle cells and a
      decrease in mitotic activity. The results present one piece of evidence more that
      PGE1 is acting as an anti-atherosclerotic agent in vivo at the vascular level.
      This pathomechanism, as well as the fact that this vascular effect is achieved-
      in an animal experiment at least--via an intravenous PGE1-application, offers new
      basics for the treatment of atherosclerosis in man.

PMID- 3396652
TI  - Ultrastructural findings in transplanted experimental brain tumors and their
      significance for the cytogenesis of such tumors.
AB  - Tumors induced by transplacental action in the spinal cord of rats were
      transplanted into the brains of the same rat strain. They were followed up by
      electron microscopy during the first ten passages. Three architectural features
      were detected: First pure tumor parts, second myelin breakdown and phagocytosis,
      and third the resulting accumulation of resting macrophages. Architecture two and
      three were interpreted as result of considerable phagocytotic activity of tumor
      cells localized within the white substance of the brain and spinal cord. Only
      architecture one was considered to represent proper tumor. Since this was low
      differentiated and partial astrocytic differentiation only occurred around
      vessels to remarkable extent, the thesis is put forward that these
      transplacentally induced tumors correspond to human primitive neuroectodermal
      tumors.

PMID- 3396653
TI  - Biophoton emission.

PMID- 3396654
TI  - Ultraweak photon emission and anther meiotic cycle in Larix europaea
      (experimental investigation of Nagl and Popp's electromagnetic model of
      differentiation).
AB  - Synchronized microsporocytes and microspores of larch have been introduced as an
      excellent model system for the examination of the cell cycle dependence of
      biophoton emission (PE) and delayed luminescence (IPE). In agreement with the
      predictions of the model of Nagl and Popp for differentiation it could be
      experimentally confirmed that there exist: 1) sensitive dependence of PE and IPE
      on the cell cycle, 2) correlations to conformational states of DNA which are
      linked to DNase activity and 3) a hyperbolic decay of IPE. The electromagnetic
      model of differentiation predicts oscillations of IPE that should depend on the
      wavelength of the exciting light and the cell cycle phase. In the established
      larch model system evidence was obtained for the first time of these oscillations
      which showed a dependence on both wavelength of the inducing light and the stage
      of the cell cycle.

PMID- 3396655
TI  - Satellite cells in the regenerated and regrafted skeletal muscles of rats.
AB  - Soleus (SOL) muscles were grafted into extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle
      beds (EDL-first-graft). Sixty days later, some mature EDL-first-grafts were
      regrafted into their own beds (EDL-second-grafts). Fully regenerated muscle
      fibers and satellite cells were observed in both types of mature grafts. The
      ratios of satellite cell nuclei per total nuclei (myonuclei and satellite cell
      nuclei) were 4.81 +/- 0.47% for EDL-2nd graft, 4.26 +/- 0.51% for EDL-1st-graft,
      4.30 +/- 0.33% for control SOL, and 3.30 +/- 0.18% for control EDL. It is thought
      that satellite cells are required for the repeated activity of muscle fiber
      regeneration. The persistance of satellite cells in EDL-second-grafts suggests
      that satellite cells are not depleted during the first grafting, making second
      grafts possible.

PMID- 3396656
TI  - Morphological effects of serotonin and ketanserin on embryonic chick skin in
      vitro.
AB  - Cell and organotypical cultures are used to study the direct effect of serotonin
      and of ketanserin, a serotonin antagonist, on dermal and epidermal cells of
      embryonic chick skin. Ketanserin stimulates the increase in cell number and
      inhibits the differentiation, whereas serotonin stimulates differentiation and
      inhibits the increase in cell number.

PMID- 3396657
TI  - Antibody to tumor necrosis factor (TNF) reduces endotoxin fever.
AB  - Antibody to tumor necrosis factor (TNF), injected intravenously, reduced
      endotoxin fever in the rabbit. The fever-reducing effect was apparent in the
      latter half of the febrile response.

PMID- 3396658
TI  - Stimulation by D-glucose of mitochondrial respiration.
AB  - D-glucose increases O2 uptake by cerebellum mitochondria. This effect is
      abolished by D-glucose-6-phosphate and D-mannoheptulose. It is proposed that the
      phosphorylation of D-glucose as catalyzed by bound hexokinase directly affects
      mitochondrial respiration.

PMID- 3396659
TI  - Enhanced toxicity of the immunosuppressant ovalicin upon application to the skin.
AB  - The non-myelotoxic immunosuppressive sesquiterpene ovalicin, of fungal origin, is
      much more toxic when applied to the skin of animals than when injected i.v., the
      LD-50 in guinea pigs being 0.2 in the first case and 7 mg/kg in the second. It
      elicits aphagia and adipsia. It is assumed that ovalicin effects are due to slow,
      tissue-specific, metabolic toxification.

PMID- 3396660
TI  - Evaluation of the ability of intact platelets to accumulate acridine orange.
AB  - A new approach to the evaluation of the uptake of fluorescent probes by intact
      cells is described. Acridine orange (AO) was used because it can be selectively
      accumulated by serotonin-containing granules of platelets. Analysis of the
      fluorescence signal allows the estimation of the relative volume of the granules
      and the equilibrium coefficients for AO transport across the cytoplasm and
      granule membranes. The following results were obtained for human and rabbit
      platelets: the relative volumes of the granules were 14 +/- 1% and 29 +/- 2%, the
      ratios of intragranular-extracellular probe concentration were 2260 +/- 382 and
      30,000 +/- 5550, and the cytoplasm-extracellular medium concentration ratios were
      375 +/- 60 and 225 +/- 60, respectively.

PMID- 3396661
TI  - The effect of intravenously injected beta very low density lipoprotein on small
      and large arterial injuries.
AB  - A series of daily injections of beta very low density lipoprotein (beta-VLDL) was
      administered over 4-5 days to rabbits whose arteries contained either
      experimental circumferential lesions or areas of intimal thickening. The
      circumferential lesions were similar to those that occur spontaneously and were
      produced by the application of longitudinal tension. The intimal thickening was
      produced by denuding the endothelium with a balloon catheter. Over the period of
      injection of beta-VLDL the plasma cholesterol levels rose in a pulse-like manner
      from 60 to 100 mg/dl. Following cessation of injections the cholesterol levels
      initially rose further and then decreased to normal levels within 4 weeks.
      Injections of beta-VLDL, commencing 1-2 days after production of the
      circumferential lesions, resulted in an increase in the number of mononuclear
      leukocytes (primarily macrophages) and in a moderate accumulation of lipid by
      these cells and the medial smooth muscle cells. If the injections were started 14
      days postinjury there was some accumulation of lipid in the large lesions but
      none in small lesions. There was no lipid accumulation in any lesions if the beta
      VLDL was administered 3 months postinjury or if the animals were injected 2 days
      after injury and examined 3 months later. A very slight accumulation of lipid
      occurred in the intimal thickening, or neo-intima, following a series of beta
      VLDL injections given to rabbits 2 or 6 weeks after balloon catheter injury. The
      series of injections produced a significant increase in the number of mononuclear
      leukocyte profiles per area of the neo-intima, suggesting an increased
      infiltration of these cells into the injured artery. These results suggest that a
      small transient increase in the plasma concentration of cholesterol-carrying
      lipoproteins may lead to increased infiltration of mononuclear leukocytes into
      areas of intimal thickening or areas of "spontaneously occurring" injury.

PMID- 3396662
TI  - Effect of tryptophan on toxic cirrhosis induced by intermittent carbon
      tetrachloride intoxication in the rat.
AB  - The effects of the administration of tryptophan on toxic cirrhosis induced by
      intermittent carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) intoxication in the rat were
      investigated. Rats received CCl4 (0.45 ml/100 g body wt ip) twice weekly for 10
      14 weeks. Tryptophan (30 mg/100 g body wt) by stomach tube was administered 1 hr
      before killing. Tryptophan improved hepatic polyribosomal aggregation and
      [14C]leucine incorporation into protein in vitro of control rats as well as long
      term CCl4-treated rats that had developed toxic cirrhosis. However, the effects
      were more marked in control than in experimental rats. Tryptophan administration
      induced an increase in labeled nuclear RNA release in vitro and a decrease in
      labeled tryptophan binding to nuclear protein in vitro of livers of rats
      receiving long-term CCl4 and of control rats. The results indicate that the
      stimulatory effects of a single administration of tryptophan in toxic cirrhotic
      livers are similar to, but somewhat less than, those which occur in livers of
      normal, control rats.

PMID- 3396663
TI  - Lysosomal enzyme activities in the cerebral microvessels in spontaneously and
      renal hypertensive rats.
AB  - In an attempt to clarify the role of lysosomal enzymes in the developmental
      mechanisms of the changes of cerebral microvessels under hypertensive conditions,
      the activities of acid phosphatase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, and beta
      glucuronidase in the isolated microvessels from the cerebral cortex of
      spontaneously and renal hypertensive rats were biochemically studied. The
      activities of all the enzymes were higher than those in normotensive control
      animals, although there was a variation in intensity according to the age and
      kind of enzymes. The enzyme activities in spontaneously hypertensive rats showed
      a tendency to increase with advancing age. Hypertension seems to increase
      activities of lysosomal enzymes in cerebral microvessels, and this activation may
      in turn play a role in the development of further hypertensive cerebrovascular
      and cerebral changes.

PMID- 3396664
TI  - Cysteine protease and its inhibitor in experimentally produced squamous cell
      carcinomas in hairless mouse skin.
AB  - Squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) were experimentally produced in hairless mouse
      skin, and cysteine protease and its inhibitor were simultaneously purified from
      extracts of 1 g of tissue of SCC and normal skin. Activity of cysteine
      proteinases, Mr greater than 50,000 and Mr 28,000, increased in SCC compared to
      those in normal skin. SCC also showed elevation of cysteine proteinase inhibitor
      activity and Mr 13,000 and Mr 82,000 inhibitors were purified. Mr 13,000
      inhibitor was found to have biochemical properties which were the same as those
      of the inhibitor present in normal skin. Mr 82,000 inhibitor was not detectable
      in normal skin and it differed from a serum inhibitor with a similar Mr in terms
      of activity and stability at acidic pH. The findings suggest that the increased
      activity of both cysteine proteases and endogenous inhibitors may be involved in
      the regulatory mechanisms of malignant cell metabolism and tissue remodeling
      associated with SCC development.

PMID- 3396665
TI  - Pulmonary toxicity of trichloroethylene: induction of changes in surfactant
      phospholipids and phospholipase A2 activity in the mouse lung.
AB  - Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a common organic solvent in use as a dry cleaning
      agent as well as an inhalant anesthetic. Nevertheless the effects of this
      material on the pulmonary surfactant which prevents alveolar collapse at maximal
      expiration is not known. Therefore, we have examined the effect of TCE on the
      intra- and extracellular surfactant pools and the activity of phospholipase A2,
      an enzyme which controls the remodeling of phosphatidylcholine to
      dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, the primary constituent of the pulmonary
      surfactant. Male CD-1 mice were treated ip with 2500 or 3000 mg/kg TCE. Twenty
      four hours later mice were anesthetized and the lungs lavaged. Mice were then
      killed, the lungs perfused and excised, and subcellular fractions including
      lamellar bodies prepared. Some lungs were prepared for ultrastructural
      examination. Phospholipase A2 was assayed in all subcellular fractions.
      Phospholipid was assayed in the lavage (extracellular surfactant) and the
      lamellar bodies (intracellular surfactant). TCE (2500 mg/kg) caused selective
      exfoliation of Clara cells. However, only the dose of 3000 mg/kg TCE produced a
      significant decrease in the intracellular surfactant phospholipid. Minimal
      changes occurred in the phospholipid profiles. Phospholipase A2 specific activity
      was significantly decreased at both dosages within the lung microsomal fraction.
      In addition after treatment with 3000 mg/kg TCE the enzyme activity in the
      lamellar body fraction was significantly increased. These data suggest that
      inhalation of TCE may damage the enzymes which are responsible for synthesizing
      the pulmonary surfactant resulting in lower amounts of surfactant being stored
      and available for secretion into the alveolus.

PMID- 3396666
TI  - Effects of radiofrequency radiation on rabbit kidney: a morphological and
      immunological study.
AB  - The histopathology of the acute and chronic kidney reaction to low-frequency
      nonionizing electromagnetic radiation was evaluated in New Zealand white rabbits
      treated with multiple exposure to 27.12-MHz radiofrequencies. At the end of
      treatment, the animals exhibited focal tubular necrosis and focal and segmental
      glomerular sclerosis which in a few months evolved into a membranous nephropathy.
      The latter was characterized by a diffuse, granular localization of rabbit gamma
      globulin and complement in most glomeruli and by electron-dense deposits in the
      subepithelial zone of the glomerular capillary walls, suggesting that these
      glomerular changes are induced by the localization of antigen-antibody complexes.
      The data obtained provide strong evidence for the potential nephrotoxicity of
      radiofrequency radiation and indicate that these nonionizing types of radiation
      may be capable of eliciting autoimmune phenomena that are likely responsible for
      the evolution of renal disease in rabbits.

PMID- 3396667
TI  - Influence of cyclosporine A on protein synthesis in rat liver.
AB  - The influence of the immunosuppressive agent cyclosporine A on protein synthesis
      was investigated in rat liver in vivo and in vitro. Incorporation of [14C]leucine
      into total protein by microsomes was inhibited 36% in the presence of
      cyclosporine A. Treatment of rats with cyclosporine A also resulted in decreased
      protein synthesis by microsomes isolated from the same animals. This inhibition
      was dependent on the dose administered and the duration of treatment. The
      inhibitory factor in this latter case appeared to be associated with the
      supernatant fraction. Decreased in vivo incorporation of [35S]methionine into
      proteins of microsomal membranes and peroxisomes, but not into microsomal luminal
      proteins was also observed after treatment of rats with cyclosporine A. On SDS
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis certain of the microsomal membrane and
      peroxisomal proteins displayed decreased labeling. Furthermore, cyclosporine A
      treatment decreased the inductive effects of phenobarbital, clofibrate, and
      phthalate ester on microsomal and peroxisomal enzymes. It is suggested that
      certain of the toxic effects of cyclosporine A are exerted through inhibition of
      cellular protein synthesis.

PMID- 3396668
TI  - Biochemical and histopathological alterations in golden hamster during infection
      with Ancylostoma ceylanicum.
AB  - Ancylostoma ceylanicum infection in golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) caused
      marked biochemical and histopathological derangements. Jejunum, the primary site
      of infection, showed pronounced alterations compared with liver. Though the
      biochemical composition of jejunum was not significantly altered, activities of a
      few lysosomal enzymes were enhanced during hookworm infection. Marked damage to
      mitochondrial and microsomal membranes was reflected in changes in the activities
      of the marker enzymes from jejunal tissue. Lipid content, especially
      phospholipids and neutral lipids of hepatic tissue, exhibited marked elevation.
      Levels of hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, and lactate dehydrogenase were
      enhanced in jejunal as well as hepatic tissues, indicating activation of the
      glycolytic machinery during hookworm infection. A decrease in the levels of
      mucosal disaccharidases indicated damage to intestinal brush border membranes.
      However, alkaline phosphatase activity was increased in intestinal mucosa during
      the infection. Light microscopic examination of jejunal tissue revealed peeling
      off of the upper epithelial layer, activation of the goblet cells, and thickening
      of muscularis mucosa. However, hepatic tissue did not show gross alterations,
      except for slight necrosis in the centrilobular region.

PMID- 3396669
TI  - Effect of monocytopenia on trauma-induced atherosclerotic lesions in the rabbit
      ear artery.
AB  - In a trauma model of atherosclerosis (repeated mechanical injury of the rabbit
      ear artery), rabbits were pretreated either with etoposid (inducing a
      monocytopenia) or with prednisolone (inhibiting monocyte function) to investigate
      the role of monocytes in traumatically induced plaque formation. Three weeks
      after the last injury the arteries were carefully examined. While a profound
      monocytopenia during the period of injuries did not at all influence the size of
      the plaque formation, this was almost completely inhibited in the prednisolone
      treated rabbits. Obviously, the effect of prednisolone must be attributed to
      other pharmacological properties. Monocytes appear to be of less importance in
      purely trauma atherosclerosis models.

PMID- 3396670
TI  - Proliferation of fat-storing cells is stimulated by secretions of Kupffer cells
      from normal and injured liver.
AB  - The influence of Kupffer cells (KC) from normal, D-galactosamine- and
      thioacetamide-injured liver on the growth of rat liver fat-storing cells (FSC) in
      culture was studied. The supplementation of FSC incubation medium with normal and
      galactosamine-KC-conditioned media for 4 days caused 1.5- and 1.9-fold increase
      (P less than 0.005), respectively, in the DNA contents of FSC on the fifth day of
      culture. The stimulant effect reached a maximum at a 1:2 dilution of the
      conditioned medium with FSC incubation medium. The population doubling time of
      FSC grown in the absence of conditioned medium was calculated to be 41.5 +/- 3
      hr; it was greatly shortened by KC-conditioned medium from galactosamine-treated
      rats (24 +/- 2 hr), by normal KC-conditioned medium (28 +/- 4 hr), and by KC
      medium from thioacetamide-injured rats (33 +/- 5 hr). Similarly KC-conditioned
      media of either source stimulated significantly the rate of [3H]thymidine
      incorporation into DNA of FSC even during short-term exposures of FSC with KC
      medium. The growth-promoting effect of normal KC-conditioned medium could be
      enhanced if the Kupffer cells were challenged with zymosan and phorbol esters,
      respectively, but not with lipopolysaccharide. The light microscopic appearance
      of FSC grown in the presence of KC-conditioned media was greatly changed: the
      cultures became more dense; the cells spread and developed long extensions. The
      size and number of lipid droplets decreased more rapidly than in control cultures
      maintained without addition of KC-conditioned media. The protein DNA ratio of FSC
      exposed with KC-conditioned media was reduced due to a strong increase in DNA,
      which is not followed by a similar increase in cellular protein. If referred to
      the DNA content of the culture, the incorporation of [3H]valine into the protein
      of the medium was not changed, that into cellular protein was strongly reduced
      under the influence of normal KC-conditioned medium. Secretions of Kupffer cells
      obviously stimulate significantly the proliferation of FSC in culture.

PMID- 3396671
TI  - Standardization of spirometry and single breath DLCO tests.

PMID- 3396672
TI  - Clinical diagnosis of pneumococcal, adenoviral, mycoplasmal and mixed pneumonias
      in young men.
AB  - Clinical characteristics and course of disease of 19 pneumococcal, 11 adenoviral,
      15 mycoplasmal and 10 mixed pneumonias, diagnosed in 55 military conscripts, were
      compared. Controls consisted of 104 conscripts with upper respiratory infections
      (URI). The triad: productive cough, blood stained sputum, and chest pain
      aggravated by breathing (pneumococcal score) distinguished pneumococcal and mixed
      pneumonias but not adenoviral and mycoplasmal pneumonias from URI. Higher C
      reactive protein (CRP) and white blood cell (WBC) count distinguished the
      pneumococcal pneumonias, but not the other pneumonias, from URI. The pneumococcal
      scores and simple laboratory tests on admission were compared. The score
      effectively separated pneumococcal from adenoviral and mycoplasmal pneumonias,
      and patients with mixed infections from mycoplasmal infections. Higher CRP values
      and WBC counts distinguished pneumococcal pneumonia from other pneumonias.
      Auscultation revealed crackles in 27% of adenoviral and in 60-70% of mycoplasmal,
      pneumococcal and mixed pneumonias. Maxillary sinusitis was more common in
      pneumococcal (56%) than in mycoplasmal (7%) or mixed pneumonia (10%) or URI
      (14%). Pneumococcal pneumonias differed in most respects from the other groups.
      It is difficult to distinguish between adenoviral, mycoplasmal and mixed
      pneumonia and also URI.

PMID- 3396673
TI  - The validity of the static charge sensitive bed in detecting obstructive sleep
      apnoeas.
AB  - The demand for polysomnographic recordings associated with respiratory control
      exceeds the capacity of the few existing sleep disorder centres and therefore a
      simple and inexpensive method is needed for screening and diagnosing sleep
      related breathing disorders. The static charge sensitive bed (SCSB) permits long
      term recordings of body movements, respiratory movements and the
      ballistocardiogram (BCG) without electrodes or cables being attached to the
      subject. The aim of the present study was to test the validity of this particular
      method in detecting obstructive sleep apnoeas without airflow measurements.
      Simultaneous SCSB and spirometer recordings were compared in fourteen sleep
      apnoea patients and six controls. The mean sensitivity of the SCSB method to
      detect the obstructive apnoeas was 0.92-0.98. The specificity to detect 2 min
      apnoea epochs was 0.61-0.68 in the apnoea group, while in the control group it
      was 0.99-1.00. According to this study, the SCSB detects the obstructive events
      without always distinguishing between severe periodic hypopnoeas and obstructive
      apnoeas. The sensitivity of the SCSB makes it valuable for screening subjects
      suspected of having obstructive sleep apnoeas. Further studies will concentrate
      on a more detailed analysis of the various respiratory, BCG and body movement
      patterns, which may lead to additional information on the severity of the upper
      airway obstruction.

PMID- 3396674
TI  - Effects of clonidine on bronchial responses to histamine in normal and asthmatic
      subjects.
AB  - Our aim was to examine the effects of clonidine (C), an agonist of central and
      peripheral alpha-2 adrenoceptors, on bronchomotor responsiveness to histamine
      (H). In a double-blind study, we compared on two different days the effects of
      pretreatment with placebo (P) and with 200 micrograms or 150 micrograms of C
      given orally, in ten normal (NS) and eight asymptomatic asthmatic subjects (AS)
      respectively, the response to inhalation of serially increasing doses of H. On
      each day, five doubling doses of H (first dose = 3.5 and 1.1 mumol in NS and AS,
      respectively) were administered every 5 min; forced expiratory volume in one
      second (FEV1) was measured after each dose. The dose-response curves were
      compared by an analysis of variance. Clonidine caused hypotension with
      bradycardia in all subjects. Baseline values and pre-challenge values of FEV1
      after P and C were identical on the two study days. Compared to P, C did not
      modify the response to H in NS but significantly increased it in AS (p less than
      0.01). Our results suggest that the neural control of the airways differs in AS
      compared to NS and could be explained either by a decrease in sympathetic
      inhibitory activity or a greater responsiveness of the airways to parasympathetic
      stimulation and/or a higher parasympathetic tone in AS.

PMID- 3396675
TI  - Asbestos bodies in bronchoalveolar lavage reflect lung asbestos body
      concentration.
AB  - Asbestos body (AB) countings on both bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids and
      digested lung tissue samples were performed in one hundred consecutive subjects
      submitted to a thoracotomy procedure, mostly for lung carcinoma. A good
      correlation (r = 0.73) was found between the two groups of values for the total
      group of subjects. When restrictive selection criteria were taken into account,
      such as lavage homolateral to the analysed lung, performed by the same trained
      physician, this correlation improved (r = 0.82). Absence of AB's or low AB counts
      (less than 1 AB/ml) in BAL corresponded in about 70% of cases to concentrations
      of less than 1,000 AB/gm and in 100% of cases to concentrations less than 10,000
      AB/gm. In subjects with BAL containing more than 1 AB/ml, the lung tissues of 85%
      contained more than 1,000 AB/gm and the tissues of 44% contained more than 10,000
      AB/gm. Above 10 AB/ml BAL, all lung tissues contained more than 10,000 AB/gm.
      Since lung tissue is not readily available in patients undergoing assessment of
      their asbestos exposure, BAL fluid analysis seems to be a useful tool to evaluate
      lung AB concentrations. This technique cannot be performed, however, in patients
      with severe lung impairment which does not allow sufficient recovery of BAL
      fluid.

PMID- 3396676
TI  - Respiratory muscle force and ventilatory function in adolescents.
AB  - In 94 girls and 90 boys, aged 12.5-20.3 yr, the relationship of respiratory
      pressures or forces with lung volumes and ventilatory flows was studied. There
      was great variability in respiratory muscle performance, which helps to explain
      differences in lung volumes between individuals. Respiratory muscle force
      increases almost proportionally with thoracic dimensions, so that inspiratory and
      expiratory pressures generated at the level of residual volume (RV), functional
      residual capacity (FRC) and total lung capacity (TLC) are approximately constant
      with age. In the oldest boys there is evidence that the continued increase in
      lung volumes when they stop growing is due to a 'muscularity effect'. Boys
      generate larger pressures than girls at all lung volumes. Thus boys attain a
      larger TLC, and in spite of narrower airways, the same peak expiratory flow and a
      larger FIV1/FVC ratio than girls. Effort independent flows (FEV1 and MMEF),
      however, are larger in girls.

PMID- 3396677
TI  - Metabolic enzymatic activities in the intercostal and serratus muscles and in the
      latissimus dorsi of middle-aged normal men and patients with moderate obstructive
      pulmonary disease.
AB  - The glycolytic and oxidative enzyme activities (lactate dehydrogenase (LDH),
      hexokinase (HK), citrate synthase (CS) and 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA-dehydrogenase (HAD]
      were measured in the fifth internal and external intercostal muscles, in the
      vertical and horizontal parts of the serratus, an accessory inspiratory muscle,
      and in a non-respiratory muscle, the latissimus dorsi (LD) of twenty middle-aged
      men: nine subjects with normal lung function and eleven patients with moderate
      chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In the normal subjects the enzyme
      activities of the respiratory muscles were similar to those of the LD, and there
      were no differences between the internal and the external intercostal muscles. In
      the COPD patients the metabolic activities of HK, CS and HAD were higher in both
      intercostals than in LD. Furthermore, there was a significant increase in these
      enzymatic activities as compared to the intercostals of the normal subjects.
      These data support the hypothesis that the internal and external intercostal
      muscles play a more important role in COPD patients than in normal subjects. They
      are consistent with the hypothesis that COPD has an endurance training effect on
      both intercostal muscles which could compensate for diaphragmatic disuse.

PMID- 3396678
TI  - Kinetics of the recovery from bronchial obstruction due to hyperventilation of
      cold air in asthmatic subjects.
AB  - The timecourse of recovery from bronchial obstruction due to inhaled cold air was
      studied in eight adult asthmatic subjects. On the first visit, bronchial
      responsiveness to inhaled histamine was assessed. On the other two visits, after
      assessment of baseline lung resistance (RL) and spirometry, dry cold (-20 degrees
      C) air was inhaled for three minutes. RL was monitored continuously until its
      return to baseline +/- 20%. The baseline concentration of histamine causing a 20%
      fall in FEV1 (PC20) varied from 0.03 to 5.9 mg.ml-1. The mean maximum increase in
      RL was 2-fold (2.03 +/- 0.41) and was reached 2-11 min after the challenge. RL
      values were linearly correlated to time (r2 values greater than 0.80 in 14/16
      instances). The two slopes of recovery were not significantly different. Slopes
      of recovery and total time of recovery (14-55 min) varied greatly between
      subjects. No relationship was found between baseline airway calibre, bronchial
      hyperresponsiveness and maximal increase in baseline RL on the one hand and the
      slopes of recovery on the other.

PMID- 3396679
TI  - Systemic optimism--systemic pessimism: two perspectives on change.
AB  - Therapists have a mandate to bring about change, and family therapists appear to
      have unusual leverage to fullfill such a mandate, that is, to facilitate changes
      rapidly and effectively. Because and in spite of this mandate, the very notion of
      change deserves critical reflection. The history of ideas and our clinical
      experience teach us that changes may be problematic. They may come too fast or
      too slowly, may endure or fade away, may turn out to be desirable or undesirable,
      equitable or inequitable, and may, when further consequences and larger systems
      levels are taken into account, be beneficial or disastrous. This essay examines
      some of the problematical and contradictory aspects of change and delineates two
      perspectives on change--systemic optimism and systemic pessimism.

PMID- 3396680
TI  - The anorectic process in the family: a six-stage model as a guide for individual
      therapy.
AB  - This article presents a conceptual framework for individual treatment with
      chronic anorectic patients. In the first part of the article, the six-stage model
      for the anorectic process developed over the past years by M. Selvini-Palazzoli
      and her team is briefly explained. After presenting the model, we then discuss
      some related concepts, namely, "family game," "rule," and "strategy." Finally,
      the therapeutic technique in individual treatment is discussed. Two basic
      assumptions underlie this technique: first, the therapeutic relationship is
      instrumental, its main purpose being to improve the patient's personal relations
      outside therapy; second, the focus of the treatment is on the strategic
      incapacity of the patient who is caught up in and unable to cope with the
      "concealed family game."

PMID- 3396681
TI  - The transition to parenthood: I. The rating of prenatal marital competence.
AB  - This article is the first of three that will present data from the Timberlawn
      Psychiatric Research Foundation Young Family Project, a study of the development
      over time of competent family systems. The Project is briefly described and
      findings are presented from the initial data collection period. The operational
      definitions of marital competence and the Continuum of Marital Competence are
      presented, and the data are interpreted to suggest that the spouses' levels of
      individual psychological health, their agreement on values, and their
      socioeconomic status are related to the level of marital competence. The level of
      prenatal marital competence at Time 1 is used as an independent variable with
      which to predict both changes in marital structure and incorporation of the child
      into the family system at 3 months and 1 year postpartum. The results of these
      analyses will be presented in two subsequent articles.

PMID- 3396682
TI  - Scripts and legends in families and family therapy.
AB  - Protective family scripts prescribe interaction that the family believes is
      needed to avoid potentially dangerous scenarios. Certain family legends provide
      moral tales that illustrate these dangers and hence reinforce these scripts.
      Together they contribute to family mythology. In the absence of adequate research
      data about specific effects of particular interventions, the therapist has to
      rely on his or her own beliefs about what works to change unhelpful family
      beliefs and interaction patterns. This essay examines the interplay between the
      two belief systems by exploring one of the author's own family legends and then
      seeing how its injunctions have been played out in his family therapy practice,
      thereby illustrating how myths and protective practices may be set up within the
      field of family therapy and its training.

PMID- 3396683
TI  - Mis-taken love: conversations on the problem of incest in an Irish context.
AB  - An emotive consciousness of the issues surrounding incest frequently calls forth
      revulsion, outrage, fear, concern, and competition. Such responses often
      legitimate a range of actions that include the protection of children, the
      blaming of mothers, and the punishment of fathers. This article explores a
      "systemic" dis-position in conversations on father-daughter incest. The notion of
      a "Fifth Province" (from Celtic mythology) is invoked wherein all emotions,
      judgements, and descriptions can find acceptance, and whereby a language of
      control and competition, implicitly negating individuals and their relationships,
      is suspended as a rationale for action.

PMID- 3396684
TI  - Systemic crisis intervention as a response to adolescent crises: an outcome
      study.
AB  - The present study demonstrates the safety and effectiveness of an outpatient
      program designed to respond to adolescent-precipitated crises by mobilizing and
      restructuring the family's kinship system. Families of 75 adolescents at risk for
      hospitalization were followed up to 24 months after treatment with Systemic
      Crisis Intervention. Measures of offspring and family functioning, suicidal
      behavior, institutional use, and treatment costs are presented. Results clearly
      demonstrate the safety, effectiveness, and economic viability of Systemic Crisis
      Intervention.

PMID- 3396685
TI  - Family system functioning: behavior in the laboratory and the family treatment
      setting.
AB  - The Family System Functioning (FSF) scale is a new instrument for measuring
      dimensions of the intrafamilial environment thought to be important in recovery
      from major psychiatric illness. Modest statistical correlations were obtained
      when FSF ratings of laboratory-based family interactions were compared with
      researcher-guided therapist ratings of FSF based upon the family's behavior in
      family therapy sessions during the subsequent month. The data from these two
      settings provide support for the validity of some of the scales. Because of the
      modest size of the correlations, however, behavior in the laboratory setting may
      not always be an accurate indicator of how the family will behave in the early
      weeks of family therapy.

PMID- 3396686
TI  - The visitation schedule and child adjustment: a three-year study.
AB  - Frequency and regularity of visitation is studied over time for a sample of
      recently separated mother-custody families. Results suggest that stability of
      visitation is more predictive of child adjustment than frequency of visits and
      that these effects are manifested over time. Setting up and maintaining a
      visitation schedule are shown to be related to the relationship that parents
      establish with each other in the first year of the separation.

PMID- 3396687
TI  - Biopharmaceutical aspects of the tolbutamide-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion
      compound.

PMID- 3396688
TI  - [Simultaneous determination of quinidine and hydroquinidine in in the presence of
      benzodiazepine in human plasma].

PMID- 3396689
TI  - Dopamine receptor agonists: new angularly annulated tricyclic compounds.
AB  - In order to study the influence on dopaminergic activity of the exchange of X in
      rigid dopamine congeners of structure 1, the synthesis of octahydrobenzo [f]
      trans-quinoxalines (VII c, d) and trans-hexahydro-4H-naphtho[1,2-b][1,4]thiazines
      (X c, d), is reported.

PMID- 3396690
TI  - Synthesis of new linearly annulated tricycles as rigid dopamine congeners.
AB  - A simple synthetic route that leads to three isosters of
      octahydrobenzo[g]quinolines (IA), in which the carbon atom in 4-position is
      replaced by an oxygen, a sulfur or a nitrogen atom, to give hexahydronaphth
      [1,4]oxazine (VIII a) and -[1,4]thiazine (VIII b), and
      octahydrobenzo[g]quinoxaline (VIII c) respectively, is here reported. These
      compounds can be considered as new structural models of dopamine agonists.

PMID- 3396693
TI  - Micromanipulation in human reproductive technology.

PMID- 3396692
TI  - [New derivatives of 7-amino-2,3-polymethylenindole with anti-inflammatory
      activity].
AB  - Thirty-four new N-acylderivatives of 7-amino-2,3-polymethyleneinoles (I) and (II)
      were prepared and tested, together with a few analogues previously obtained,
      against carrageenan edema in the rat. Several compounds, at a dose of 1 mmole/kg,
      exhibit good inhibitory activity, that in some cases is superior to that
      displayed by indomethacin at a dose of 5 mg/kg. With only one exception, activity
      is confined to compounds of formula (I) and, generally, derivatives of 2,3
      hexamethyleneindole are more active than those of lower homologues.

PMID- 3396691
TI  - Ureas and amides derived from N-(5-norbornen-2-ylmethyl) bornan-2-exo-amine with
      antiarrhythmic and other activities.
AB  - The synthesis of title compounds by reaction of camphor nitrimine with (5
      norbornen-2-yl)methylamine, followed by NaBH4 reduction of the resulting imine to
      N-substituted isobornylamine (IV) and reaction of (IV) with alkyl and aryl
      isocyanates or acyl chlorides, is described. Some ureas and amides are endowed
      with antiarrhythmic activity in rats superior or comparable to that of quinidine,
      whereas benzamide (V o) showed an appreciable hypoglycemic activity in mice.
      Moreover, compounds (V) exhibited in general moderate hypotensive, bradycardic
      and antiinflammatory activities in rats, as well as a weak infiltration
      anesthesia in mice.

PMID- 3396694
TI  - Masked gonadotropin-binding sites in human corpora lutea during menstrual cycle
      and pregnancy.
AB  - To evaluate the possible existence of masked receptors for luteinizing hormone
      (LH)/human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in the human corpus luteum, we examined
      the effect of neuraminidase pretreatment on the specific binding of (125I)hLH to
      luteal particulates obtained from 11 patients during the menstrual cycle and 4
      patients during early pregnancy. The pretreatment with neuraminidase
      significantly enhanced the specific binding of hLH to corpora lutea at the
      different stages of the luteal phase. Scatchard analyses revealed that
      neuraminidase increased the number of LH binding sites without altering the
      affinity for LH. Furthermore, the specific binding of hLH to human corpora lutea
      during pregnancy significantly increased after the pretreatment with
      neuraminidase. The data suggest that distinct populations of receptors for LH/hCG
      are masked within the human luteal cells.

PMID- 3396695
TI  - Effect of short-duration progesterone treatment on decidual prolactin production
      by cultures of proliferative human endometrium.
AB  - The effect of short-term progesterone (P) treatment in vitro on decidual
      prolactin (dPRL) production by human endometrium was investigated. Cultures
      prepared from proliferative endometrium received medium containing P for 3 hours,
      1 day, or 3 days. The culture medium was then changed daily for 7 to 14 days, and
      the amounts of dPRL in the spent medium were measured by radioimmunoassay. The
      results of these experiments indicated that even a short exposure to elevated
      concentrations of P is adequate to stimulate dPRL production and that the
      resulting pattern of dPRL production is determined by the duration of the P
      treatment.

PMID- 3396696
TI  - Influence of body mass index and age on the grade of hair growth in hirsute women
      of reproductive ages.
AB  - The relationships between the hair growth in different body regions, body mass
      index (BMI) and age were studied in 225 women of reproductive ages referred for
      hirsutism. The regularity of the cycles was registered, and 109 of the patients
      were interviewed for their maximum weight, teenage obesity, and age of menarche.
      The serum androgens were measured in the follicular phase. The results indicate
      that facial hirsutism is associated with BMI (rho = 0.41, P less than 0.001)
      independently of age and the testosterone (T) to sex hormone-binding globulin
      (SHBG) ratio. Facial hirsutism is also correlated with age (rho = 0.37, P less
      than 0.001) irrespective of BMI (rho = 0.26, P less than 0.001) or the T/SHBG
      ratio (rho = 0.43, P less than 0.001). In contrast, the hair growth on trunk area
      is related to the T/SHBG ratio (rho = 0.35, P less than 0.001) but not to BMI or
      age when the correlations are adjusted for the grade of hyperandrogenemia. The
      women with severe facial hirsutism had a higher maximum weight (P less than
      0.001) and more teenage obesity (P less than 0.01) than other hirsute patients.
      They also had a slightly earlier menarche compared with their agemates than the
      women with mild or absent facial hair (P less than 0.05). The data suggest
      differences in the regulation of hair growth between the face and trunk areas.

PMID- 3396697
TI  - Microsurgical enucleation of tripronuclear human zygotes.
AB  - Polyspermic fertilization of human oocytes in vitro produces genetically abnormal
      embryos whose replacement in utero represents a potential obstetrical risk.
      Microsurgical removal of extra male pronuclei offers the possibility that normal
      ploidy can be restored in these zygotes. Pronuclear removal was attempted in
      three tripronuclear human oocytes fertilized in vitro. Male pronuclei were
      distinguished by their larger size and an associated sperm tail piece. Zygotes
      were pretreated with cytochalasin B and colcemid in phosphate-buffered saline
      before microsurgery. Enucleation was completed in all embryos; syngamy occurred
      in one embryo, but cleavage was not observed.

PMID- 3396698
TI  - Embryonic development and pregnancy from fresh and cryopreserved sibling
      pronucleate human zygotes.
AB  - The number of pronucleate (PN) zygotes that cleave, rates of cell division, and
      pregnancy rates were compared from fresh and frozen sibling PN zygotes. Of 57
      patients with randomly selected zygotes frozen at the PN stage, 26 have had 82 PN
      zygotes thawed with 76 (92.7%) morphologically intact immediately post-thaw.
      There was no significant difference (P greater than 0.05) in the proportion of
      fresh (110/123 [89.4%]) and frozen-thawed intact (62/76 [81.6%]) sibling PN
      zygotes that had cleaved by transfer. The number of fresh versus frozen-thawed
      sibling PN zygotes that developed into 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-, and 8-cell embryos
      after 24 hours in culture were not significantly different. The numbers of
      pregnancies per patient cycle for fresh and frozen-thawed sibling PN zygotes were
      12/60 (20.0%) and 5/27 (18.5%), respectively (P greater than 0.05). The current
      cumulative pregnancy rate per retrieval in all cycles with frozen zygotes is
      28.3%, considerably higher than observed in single transfers of embryos without
      cryopreservation (19.8%); predicted cumulative pregnancy rate after eventual
      transfer of all frozen zygotes is 37.9%. It is concluded that embryo survival and
      pregnancy rates of cryopreserved PN zygotes are very similar to those from their
      fresh sibling counterparts and cryopreservation substantially enhances in vitro
      fertilization pregnancy attainment.

PMID- 3396699
TI  - Corrective measures and pregnancy outcome in in vitro fertilization in patients
      with severe sperm morphology abnormalities.
AB  - Sperm morphology evaluated by new, strict criteria is a good predictor of outcome
      in in vitro fertilization (IVF). This study aimed (1) to determine whether the
      fertilization rate of preovulatory oocytes in patients with abnormal morphology
      can be improved by increasing insemination concentration at the time of IVF and
      (2) to evaluate the pregnancy outcome in patients with abnormal sperm morphology.
      Three groups were studied: (1) normal morphology, (2) good prognosis pattern, and
      (3) poor prognosis pattern. All other sperm parameters were normal. Group 3 had a
      lower overall fertilization rate, lower pregnancy rate/cycle, and lower ongoing
      pregnancy rate/cycle. Groups 2 and 3 showed a higher miscarriage rate, although
      not significantly different from group 1. By increasing insemination
      concentration from 2- to 10-fold, the fertilization rate in group 3 increased
      from 14.5% to 62.6%. However, pregnancy outcome did not improve. We conclude that
      patients with severe sperm head abnormalities have a lower ability to establish
      successful pregnancies, even though fertilization may be achieved.

PMID- 3396700
TI  - Hormonal profiles and embryo quality in women with severe endometriosis treated
      by in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer.
AB  - A study was undertaken comparing the outcomes of 30 women with infertility due to
      untreated severe (grade IV) pelvic endometriosis with a comparable series of 28
      women whose infertility was caused solely by irreversible tubal disease. There
      were no significant differences in either the follicular phase or luteal phase
      hormonal profiles of estradiol and progesterone, but there was a significantly
      reduced pregnancy rate in those women with severe endometriosis. In part, this
      was due to the recovery of fewer oocytes from the endometriosis patients (P less
      than 0.001) despite the fact that the peak estradiol levels and ovarian
      accessibility were similar in the two groups. However, there were no significant
      differences in the proportion of oocytes that fertilized or the number that
      demonstrated normal embryo growth and high-grade embryo quality. There also
      appears to be an implantation inhibitory factor in patients with severe
      endometriosis as the pregnancy rate/embryo transferred and number of gestational
      sacs identified/embryo transferred were significantly reduced (P less than 0.05).

PMID- 3396701
TI  - Cryopreservation of human spermatozoa. III. The effect of cryoprotectants on
      motility.
AB  - A series of experiments was conducted to examine potential toxic effects of
      cryoprotectants on motility of human spermatozoa. The data indicated that
      exposure of spermatozoa to cryoprotectant medium for as little as 15 minutes at
      room temperature caused a reduction in motility. This reduction in motility was
      caused by glycerol. Lowering glycerol concentrations from 7.5% to 5.0% improved
      sperm motility at 24 hours post-thaw. Sperm motility was not affected by either
      slow or abrupt cooling rates above -5 degrees C. Motility was greater in
      cryopreserved sperm at 24 hours post-thaw when glycerol was added at -5 degrees C
      rather than at room temperature. These data suggest that avoiding glycerol
      toxicity either by reducing the concentration used or by adding glycerol at a
      lower temperature, or both, may improve human sperm cryosurvival rates.

PMID- 3396703
TI  - The rapid induction of the acrosome reaction of human spermatozoa by
      electropermeabilization.
AB  - Human spermatozoa are usually prepared for in vitro fertilization (IVF) by
      centrifugal washing and incubation in albumin based media. This is an inefficient
      technique contributing to poor IVF prospects, false-negative scores in the sperm
      penetration assay (SPA), and inadequate quantification in the sperm chromosome
      assay (SCA). High yields of fusiogenically functional sperm were rapidly and
      efficiently prepared by exposing sperm suspensions to an electrical pulse of 750
      to 1500 V cm-1 for 2.5 msec. This process was calcium-dependent, and sperm
      incorporation into zona-free hamster eggs exhibited a linear relationship with
      Ca2+. At voltages greater than 1500 V cm-1, penetration declined. Sperm from
      subfertile men demonstrated significantly increased penetration after
      electropermeabilization. Sperm development was not hindered and in the SCA,
      yields of sperm metaphases approaching 100% were achievable.

PMID- 3396702
TI  - Is high dosage testosterone an effective male contraceptive agent?
AB  - In male contraceptive trials, approximately half of normal men become azoospermic
      on high dosages of testosterone enanthate (TE), whereas the other half of men
      become severely oligozoospermic. To determine whether sperm function is reduced
      in men with severe oligozoospermia induced by TE, we studied sperm function in
      six normal men whose sperm counts were reduced to less than or equal to 5 X
      10(6)/ml but not to azoospermia by high-dosage TE administration for 5 to 6
      months and five normal men who received placebo (sesame oil) injections for the
      same period of time. Seminal fluid analysis and sperm function (as assessed by
      zona pellucida-free hamster ova penetration test, HOPT) were performed during a
      pretreatment period and after at least 3 months of TE or placebo treatment. HOPT
      was severely reduced in all six men, whose sperm counts were suppressed to severe
      oligozoospermia during TE (0.8 +/- 0.8% compared to 37 +/- 14% during the
      pretreatment period, P less than 0.05). Five men failed to penetrate any hamster
      ova, while the remaining man penetrated only 5% of ova during TE treatment. There
      were no significant changes in other seminal fluid measurements during high
      dosage TE. The five men who received placebo injections did not demonstrate any
      significant changes in HOPT or seminal fluid analysis during the treatment
      period. In summary, we found that the fertilizing capacity of sperm is markedly
      diminished when sperm production is severely reduced by high-dosage TE
      administration. These findings suggest that male contraception may be achievable
      by reduction of spermatogenesis to severe oligozoospermia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3396704
TI  - Freezing of mammalian embryos without the aid of a programmable freezer.
AB  - A simple, inexpensive and repeatable method of freezing/thawing (F/T) mammalian
      concepti was developed with the use of 2-cell mouse embryos. Cryoprotectants,
      length of exposure to protectants, and subzero holding times before liquid
      nitrogen (LN2) exposure were examined in an effort to obtain an effective
      freezing protocol. Sequential examination of these variables provided data
      suggesting that 3.5 M dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) plus 0.25 M sucrose exposure for
      5 minutes at room temperature, followed by a -30 degrees C environment for 90
      minutes, best prepared embryos for LN2 storage. After thawing and culture, 48 of
      the 93 (52%) embryos developed to the blastocyst stage.

PMID- 3396705
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging of mullerian tract abnormalities.

PMID- 3396707
TI  - Cleavage and development of human embryos in vitro after ultrarapid freezing and
      thawing.

PMID- 3396706
TI  - Further observations on serial human chorionic gonadotropin patterns in ectopic
      pregnancies and spontaneous abortions.
AB  - The half-life of hCG was measured retrospectively in paired blood samples from
      108 pregnancies with falling hCG levels. hCG levels fell significantly more
      slowly in women who had an ectopic pregnancy (41 cases) than in women who had
      spontaneous abortions (67 cases). When the hCG half-life was greater than or
      equal to 7 days, 86% of cases had ectopic pregnancies, a third of which had
      ruptured. By contrast, when the hCG half-life was less than 1.4 days, only 7.6%
      (2/26) of cases had an ectopic pregnancy (both of which were unruptured), and
      villi were identified in only 10% of curettage specimens from (presumed) cases of
      spontaneous abortion. When the half-life of hCG was between 1.4 and 6.9 days, 34%
      of the cases had ectopic pregnancies, 14% of which had ruptured: chorionic villi
      were recovered from 76% of the women who had a curettage, and failure to detect
      villi was more than 80% predictive of an ectopic pregnancy.

PMID- 3396709
TI  - Expectant management of ectopics.

PMID- 3396708
TI  - Idiopathic anejaculation treated by vibratory stimulation.
AB  - Idiopathic anejaculation is a rare cause of infertility usually treated by
      psychotherapy. However, electrovibration may be a simple, noninvasive adjunct to
      the treatment of this disorder. In our two cases, we obtained ejaculate adequate
      for insemination in one patient and noted some gain in orgasmic sensation in the
      other. The success in these two infertile patients who had already undergone
      lengthy psychotherapy is promising. Nevertheless, psychotherapy will continue to
      be the standard of therapy until we have more experience with penile
      electrovibration.

PMID- 3396710
TI  - [Interregional transcallosal connections between the auditory and parietal
      cortex].
AB  - Interregional transcallosal responses to the stimulation of auditory cortex
      occurred throughout the surface of parietal cortex in immobilized cats and were
      either positive-negative or negative-positive. The former EPs had a longer
      latency and a greater total amplitude of both components. The negative-positive
      EPs disappeared after section of the callosal body whereas the positive-negative
      EPs were but insignificantly altered. The potentials were characterized by a
      functional interhemisphere asymmetry. The right hemisphere dominated by the
      average amplitude of the negative phase of negative-positive responses. The
      amplitude of early positive component dominated over the right hemisphere in
      males and over the left one in females. Delayed negative wave was greater over
      the right hemisphere in both sexes. The delayed components of the EPs had a
      significantly shorter latency of the peak in the dominating hemisphere.

PMID- 3396711
TI  - [Effect of intermittent photostimulation of varying frequency on the formation of
      trace processes and spectral components in the human EEG].
AB  - The EEG of occipital areas was recorded in adult healthy male subjects on
      presentation of haphazardly alternating intermittent light stimuli with
      frequencies varying from 15 to 5 Hz and from 15 to 25 Hz every 5 sec. Two groups
      were distinguished in respect to a greater or lesser domineering of the main
      frequency band of the range. Dynamic spectral analysis revealed obvious shifts of
      the EEG spectral composition in respect to the background under the effect of the
      stimulation, an enhancement of different bands of the range in light flickering,
      and the suppression of the EEG trace responses to the time in the EEG range
      coinciding in frequency with the frequency range of the photostimulation. The
      above changes were mainly characteristic of the 2nd group of subjects and mostly
      of the left hemisphere of the brain.

PMID- 3396712
TI  - [Cholinergic mechanism of neostriatal regulation of conditioned readjustment of
      posture in dogs].
AB  - In chronic experiments on 4 dogs with instrumental reflex of avoidance associated
      with the maintenance of flexor posture, the effect of application of carbocholine
      to the nucleus caudatus on realization of components of conditioned readjustment
      of the posture, was studied. Administration of 1 mkg of carbocholine into the
      neostriatum led to a general depression of the behaviour whereas 0.1 mkg exerted
      no effect. Contralateral administration of the same dose into the neostriatum
      altered the main component of the posture readjustment.

PMID- 3396713
TI  - [Effect of electric stimulation or lesion of the thalamus on cerebral
      circulation].
AB  - Local cerebral blood flow (lCBF) in the thalamus and cerebral cortex was
      determined in 16 alert rabbits after electric stimulation of thalamic nuclei, and
      in 22 anesthetized dogs after thermocoagulation of posterior part of the
      thalamus. The cerebrovascular dilatory effect and increase in the lCBF were
      observed. Rheoelectroencephalographic investigations in 13 patients with
      parkinsonism subjected to stereotaxic lesion of thalamic ventrolateral nuclei
      also showed a diffuse reduction of arterial tone and cerebrovascular resistance.
      The data obtained seem to explain the reactive hyperemia which may develop
      primarily as a neurogenic reaction and then be maintained by metabolic changes.

PMID- 3396714
TI  - [Characteristics of conjugate functions of the vessels of skeletal muscles and
      intestines during separate and combined action of hypoxia and hypothermia on the
      body].
AB  - In regimen of the constant blood flow perfusion of skeletal muscles and
      intestine, hypoxia reduced precapillary resistance and increased the capillary
      filtration coefficient in both organs whereas postcapillary resistance and
      capillary pressure were reduced in the intestine and increased in the muscle.
      Hypothermia increased precapillary resistance in the intestine rather than in the
      muscle whereas the changes of the capillary filtration coefficient were contrary
      in both organs; postcapillary resistance and capillary pressure had a tendency to
      increase in the muscle whereas an increase in these parameters was quite evident
      in the intestine. Combined effect of hypoxia and hypothermia involved a decrease
      in precapillary resistance and distensibility of venous vessels, an increase in
      capillary filtration coefficient in both vascular regions, an increase in
      postcapillary resistance and in capillary pressure in the intestine, and their
      decrease in the muscle. In hypothermia (about 30 degrees C), the hypoxic stimulus
      induced insignificant shifts in all the parameters under study in both organs.

PMID- 3396715
TI  - [The hematocrit in the conical capillaries of skeletal muscle].
AB  - The RBC velocity, cell flux and tube hematocrit were measured in the arterial and
      venous ends of the rat cremaster capillaries. The widening of capillaries from
      the arterial to venous ends from 4.9 +/- 0.1 to 6.5 +/- 0.2 mu was accompanied by
      a decrease of the tube hematocrit from 32 +/- 2 to 19 +/- 1 due to the
      discrepancy between the RBC velocity drop from 523 +/- 36 to 397 +/- 22 mu/sec
      and the lumen area widening (76%). The attenuation of the Fahraus effect with the
      decrease of capillary diameter was shown, leading to the equality of the tube and
      discharge hematocrit in the diameter range of 3-4 microns. Negative correlation
      between the instantaneous values of the RBC vecolity and the tube hematocrit was
      observed.

PMID- 3396716
TI  - [Magnesium ions and contractile activity of vascular smooth muscle cells in
      hypoxia].
AB  - In isolated smooth muscle of the rat portal vein removal of Mg2+ from perfusate
      induced rapid enhancement of frequency and amplitude of spontaneous contractions
      and decreased inhibiting effect of hypoxia on the smooth muscle contractile
      activity. Concomitant elevation of extracellular Ca2+ has no additional
      protective effect on the smooth muscle in hypoxia. Ten-fold lowering of Mg2+
      content in buffer solution resulted in a significant rise in the tension of the
      smooth muscle activated by Ca2+. The data obtained suggest that protective effect
      of Mg2+-free solution on vascular smooth muscle in hypoxia may be mediated not
      only through increases intracellular Ca2+ concentration but also due to rising
      sensitivity of the smooth muscle cells contractile protein to Ca2+.

PMID- 3396717
TI  - [Effect of the immunostimulator tuftsin on the heart rate and body temperature of
      albino rats].
AB  - Tetrapeptide tuftsin (0.3 mg/kg) affected the heart rate and body temperature
      depending on basal physiological parameters: when administered in the state of
      low heart rate tuftsin produced positive chronotropic effect, whereas at higher
      basal heart rate the bradycardiac response was observed. Tuftsin caused biphasic
      changes of the body temperature: transient hyperthermia in 5 min. after peptide
      injection with subsequent longer period of hypothermia followed by restoration of
      basal level. No effect of tuftsin occurred after reserpine injection. At the same
      time tuftsin potentiated the hypothermia induced by reserpine. The time course
      and sign of vegetative effects of tuftsin correlate with some of its behavioural
      effects.

PMID- 3396718
TI  - [Lymph flow, micro- and macrohemocirculation in the intestine of cats during
      infusion of serotonin].
AB  - In the cat isolated small intestine perfused with a constant flow, i. a.
      serotonin (0.1--10.0 mu.min-1.kg-1) increased transcapillary fluid transfer
      against the background of decreasing capillary hydrostatic pressure and
      increasing capillary filtration coefficient. The reactions of arteries, veins and
      lymphatic ducts of the small intestine to serotonin were similar: they dilated at
      low and constricted at high-doses of the amine.

PMID- 3396719
TI  - [Interrelation between the reactions of the lymphatic vessels of the mesentery
      with changes in their lymph flow under the effect of adrenaline].
AB  - Different changes of the lymph flow occurred in lymphatic vessels under local
      effect of adrenaline in rats. The intensification of the pulsatory activity of
      the vessels was accompanied by acceleration of the lymph flow in most cases, and
      the weakening of the motor function by its delay or stopping. The intensity of
      the lymph flow depends to a lesser extent on the changes of vessels' gap. The
      ability of adrenaline to change the reactivity of vessels is revealed.

PMID- 3396721
TI  - [Effect of cholecystokinin-octapeptide on the motor function of the digestive
      tract of the plaice].
AB  - The influence of cholecystokinin-octapeptide on the bioelectrical features of
      gastro-intestinal motility in sea-water fish (plaice) was investigated in chronic
      experiments. I. v. or intracerebral application of the peptide led to inhibition
      of the stomach cardia motor activity, to intensification and sparsity of the
      tonic and peristaltic contractions of the stomach pyloric part, and to an
      increase in the intestine fore-part activity. Vagotomy prevented the effect of
      intracerebral application of cholecystokinin. Atropine prevented this effect of
      cholecystokinin irrespective of the mode of its application. Phentolamine or
      propranolol did not alter the effect.

PMID- 3396720
TI  - [Effect of solutions of salts and glucose on the affinity of hemoglobin for
      oxygen in rats].
AB  - After washing of erythrocytes in the solutions of NaCl, CaCl2, MgSO4 and glucose,
      their hemoglobin had lower pH and affinity to oxygen as compared to the control
      values. The solutions used for washing had a higher pH than the control. The
      dependence of hemoglobin upon several events in the erythrocytes is unspecific
      and indirect.

PMID- 3396722
TI  - [Effect of bombesin on the frequency of slow potentials of the smooth muscles of
      the gastrointestinal tract and migrating myoelectric complex].
AB  - In dogs with electrodes implanted in the smooth muscle wall of the stomach, small
      intestine and colon, i.v. administration of bombesin (50, 100, 200 and 300 ng/kg)
      during the 2nd phase of the migrating myoelectric complex (MMC) increased the
      dose-dependent frequency of slow potential in the small intestine and stomach
      leaving unchanged the frequency of slow potentials in the colon. Single doses of
      50 or 200 ng/kg bombesin during the 2nd phase of the MMC caused a short-term
      inhibition of the gastric and intestinal spike activity followed by its increase,
      the active period of the MMC being prolonged.

PMID- 3396723
TI  - [A method of neurophysiological research on brain slices using portable modules].

PMID- 3396724
TI  - [A micromanipulator for electrophysiological research].

PMID- 3396725
TI  - [A method of determining the ratio of precapillary resistance to postcapillary
      resistance and the average capillary hydrostatic pressure in the brain of the
      cat].

PMID- 3396726
TI  - [Catheterization of the vessels of the umbilical cord in the sheep fetus].

PMID- 3396728
TI  - Increased radioresistance of offspring in rats after maternal stimulation with
      benzene blood cell extracts.
AB  - Benzene extracts from human blood cells were inoculated intraperitoneally into
      female rats on days 13, 17, and 21 of pregnancy. Their offspring at 13 to 15
      weeks of ago were irradiated with gamma rays for 49 h, with a total dose of 15.6
      Gy. The number of survivors 30 days after irradiation was significantly greater
      in offspring from mothers treated with extracts as compared with controls.

PMID- 3396727
TI  - Feeder cells from different sources and conditioned media for recloning of human-
      mouse and mouse--mouse hybridomas.
AB  - The use of different feeder cell layers (peritoneal macrophages from mice and
      rats, spleen cells and thymocytes from mice) for recloning of human--mouse and
      mouse--mouse hybridomas has been described. Optimal numbers of feeder cells from
      different sources required for high cloning efficiencies were determined. It was
      possible to use cryopreserved rat and mouse macrophages as feeders for cell
      cloning. However, the resulting cloning efficiency was much lower in comparison
      to the fresh material. Culture supernatants from human endothelial cells (added
      in a final concentration of 40% v/v) and from chicken embryo fibroblasts (25%)
      could replace the feeder cell layer in recloning experiments with both human-
      mouse and mouse--mouse hybridomas. Therefore, conditioned media (prepared in
      large quantities) may be used for generating standardized conditions for high
      efficient cloning and recloning of hybridoma cell lines.

PMID- 3396729
TI  - The B-G region genes of the chicken MHC are responsible for lethal graft-versus
      host disease in newly hatched chickens.
AB  - Using the genetic model of Prague recombinant congenic lines of chickens we found
      that incompatibility in the B-G region of the major histocompatibility complex
      (MHC) causes very severe graft-versus-host reaction (GVHR)-associated haemolytic
      anaemia in newly hatched chickens. Unexpectedly, mild or no signs of this GVH
      disease are elicited when a recipient chick and an adult donor of lymphocytes are
      incompatible in the whole B haplotype (B-F/L + B-G regions). On the other hand,
      the B-G region incompatibility alone (as has been described previously) is not
      sufficient to produce any GVH splenomegaly in embryos at 14 days of incubation.
      However, GVH splenomegaly in the donor-recipient combinations with the difference
      in the whole B haplotype (B-F/L + B-G regions) is significantly greater than in
      those with the B-F/L region difference only. These results confirm that the B-G
      region genes of chicken MHC are also involved in the histocompatibility
      reactions. Furthermore, a new hypothetical model for the structure of the chicken
      MHC is discussed.

PMID- 3396730
TI  - Karyotype analysis of hybridomas producing monoclonal antibodies against
      different antigens.
AB  - On the basis of karyotype analysis of the 6 groups of mouse--mouse hybridomas
      secreting monoclonal antibodies against 5 different antigens we found: (1) The
      karyotypic variability of clones in all six compared groups of hybridomas was
      consistent and was influenced neither by the specificity of secreted monoclonal
      antibodies nor by the character of antigen used for immunization (soluble or
      particulate). (2) The faster growing hybridomas had a lower mean chromosome
      number than the slower proliferating clones of the same origin. (3) Karyotypes of
      subclones isolated from ascites fluid of a mouse inoculated i.p. with clones
      permanently growing in vitro included a markedly higher mean chromosome number
      than the karyotypes of originally inoculated hybridoma cells.

PMID- 3396731
TI  - [An inhibitor of extrathyroidal conversion of thyroxine to 3,5,3'
      triiodothyronine (IEC) in plasma of patients with various nonthyroidal
      illnesses].
AB  - To evaluate the role of a circulating inhibitor of extrathyroidal conversion of
      T4 to T3 (IEC) in the causation of low T3 states in patients with various
      nonthyroidal illnesses (NTI), we measured the in vitro T3 production in the
      presence of ether extract of plasma. Blood samples were obtained from 22 normal
      subjects and 140 patients with various NTI; liver cirrhosis (LC) 37, diabetes
      mellitus (DM) 48, respiratory failure (RF) 15, chronic renal failure (CRF) 10 and
      others 30. The assay procedure of in vitro T3 production was as follows. Rat
      liver homogenate was incubated with 2.5 microM T4 in the presence of evaporated
      ether extract of plasma and the amount of T3 produced was quantified by RIA. In
      each assay, control plasma extracts taken from the two normal subjects were used.
      The results were expressed as a percentage of the control value (%T3 production),
      and estimated as positive IEC when %T3 production was under 72.7%, that was 2SD
      below the mean value of normal controls. Patients were divided into three groups;
      Group I (T3 greater than or equal to 80 ng/dl), Group II (80 greater than T3
      greater than or equal to 50) and Group III (50 greater than T3). The %T3
      productions were 88.5 +/- 22.0 in Group I, 84.9 +/- 31.5 in Group II and 78.9 +/-
      34.0 in Group III respectively. The %T3 productions of each group were
      significantly lower than that of normal control, 101.9 +/- 14.6. IEC was positive
      23.4% in Group I, 41.9% in Group II and 43.8% in Group III. There were eight
      nonsurvivors, and they all belonged to Group III, in which both serum T3 and T4
      were subnormal. In nonsurvivors, serum concentrations of T3 (20 +/- 11 ng/dl) and
      TSH (1.2 +/- 1.1 microU/ml) were significantly lower than that of survivors in
      Group III (T3; 38 +/- 10 ng/dl p less than 0.005, TSH; 2.8 +/- 1.4 microU/ml p
      less than 0.05). The %T3 productions were 83.8 +/- 32.1 in survivors and 64.8 +/-
      37.9 in nonsurvivors, and the incidences of positive IEC were 37.5% in survivors
      and 62.5% in nonsurvivors. From the standpoint of the underlying illnesses, serum
      concentrations of T3 (mean +/- SD ng/dl) were 49 +/- 21 in LC, 64 +/- 11 in DM,
      40 +/- 22 in RF and 63 +/- 15 in CRF, and %T3 productions were 60.6 +/- 26.5 in
      LC, 82.5 +/- 25.8 in DM, 109.6 +/- 32.1 in RF and 97.6 +/- 24.3 in CRF.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3396732
TI  - [Thyroid hormone metabolism in nonthyroidal illness. I. Changes in thyroid
      hormone metabolism in dogs with experimental myocardial infarction and effect of
      thyroid hormone administration on their hemodynamics].
AB  - To asses the changes in thyroid hormone metabolism after the onset of acute
      myocardial infarction (AMI), serum T4 and T3 levels were serially measured for 24
      hours after the coronary artery ligation in dogs. The effect of thyroid hormone
      administration on hemodynamics in these dogs were also studied to clarify the
      possible usefulness of thyroid hormone therapy in nonthyroidal illness (NTI).
      Dogs were anesthetized with ketamine using "Micro-Mini" drip administration.
      Coronary artery ligation was performed in 8 dogs (MI group) Open chest operation
      was performed in 8 dogs, but their coronary arteries were not ligated and were
      used as control (cont. group). Blood samples were drawn before and 1, 3, 6, 12,
      18 and 24 hours after coronary artery ligation, and serum levels of T4 and T3
      were measured using the TDX T4 system and a commercial RIA kit, respectively.
      Various hemodynamic parameters (heat rate, mean blood pressure, max dp/dt, left
      ventricular end-diastolic pressure, cardiac output) were measured at the same
      time mentioned above. All the hemodynamic parameters remained within normal range
      for 24 hours in the control group. Serum T4 and T3 levels, however, showed
      slight, but significant decreases due to general anesthesia and open chest
      operation in the control group. On the other hand, hemodynamic parameters were
      maintained in the normal ranges only for 12 hours, and gradually deteriorated in
      the MI group. Moreover, it was remarkable that both T4 and T3 levels were
      decreased immediately after the ligation in this group, T4 being less than 0.1
      micrograms/dl and T3 less than 10 ng/dl. They continued to show the low values
      thereafter. When T4 (30 micrograms/24 hours), and T3(7, 14 or 21 micrograms/24
      hours) were continuously infused intravenously for 24 hours after the coronary
      artery ligation in 10 dogs, serum T4 levels were maintained in the normal range
      of the dog (1.5-3.6 micrograms/dl) and the serum T3 levels were increased to the
      low normal range. However, there were no significant differences in hemodynamic
      indices between the thyroid hormone treated groups and the non-treated group.
      These data show that T4 and T3 concentrations decrease prior to the deterioration
      of cardiac function. Moreover, the present findings also suggest that
      administration of thyroid hormone has no benefit in patients with NTI associated
      with low T4 and T3 levels.

PMID- 3396734
TI  - International N-nitrosamine check sample programme: report on the performance in
      the 1st study dedicated to determination of N-nitrosamines in beer and malt.
AB  - Two samples, one beer and one malt, have been distributed to 55 laboratories in
      15 countries, to be analysed for N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) N
      nitrosopyrollidine (NPYR) and N-nitrosoproline (NPRO) by the method of their
      choice. Results received from 35 laboratories demonstrated that at the low levels
      of contamination which may be encountered at present for NDMA in beer and malt,
      generally reliable data can be obtained in malt, but in beer, 20% of the results
      were discarded as outliers by the statistical test results. More variability was
      encountered for the analysis of NPYR. Only a limited number of results were
      provided for NPRO, which also showed greater variability.

PMID- 3396733
TI  - Residues of volatile halocarbons in margarines.
AB  - Findings of residues of volatile halocarbons (VHCs) such as 1,1,1
      trichloroethane, trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene in margarine are
      reported. VHCs were determined by a headspace gas chromatographic method with
      electron capture detection. Identity was confirmed by headspace gas
      chromatography-mass spectrometry for some of the higher level (100-5000 ppb)
      residues. A total of 70 stick, soft and diet soft margarines were purchased in
      the Washington, DC, metropolitan area. In addition, margarines and margarine
      ingredients were collected from 19 production lines. These products plus the
      adhesives used in the packaging were examined. Levels of VHCs ranging from 5 to
      100 ppb (ng/g) were found in many of the margarines. The highest concentrations
      of any individual VHC (tetrachloroethylene at 1-5 ppm) were found in margarines
      obtained from a supermarket located next to a dry cleaner. Possible sources of
      VHC residues are discussed.

PMID- 3396735
TI  - Effects of food components and additives on the formation of nitrosamides.
AB  - The effects of food components and food additives on the formation of
      nitrosamides were studied. Citrate accelerated nitrosamide formation from nitrite
      and various precursors, such as ureas, urethanes, guanidines and amides. The
      accelerating effects of citrate on the formation of methylurea and
      ethylenethiourea were larger at higher pH values. The formation of most
      nitrosamides was not accelerated by thiocyanate, which is known to catalyze the
      formation of nitrosamines. Compounds having carboxyl groups tended to accelerate
      the nitrosation of methylurea. Nitrosation of methylurea was inhibited by thiols,
      polyphenols, alcohols, sorbic acid, dl-alpha-tocopherol etc., due to possibly
      competition for available nitrite.

PMID- 3396736
TI  - Ochratoxin A in human blood in relation to Balkan endemic nephropathy and urinary
      system tumours in Bulgaria.
AB  - In continuing the effort to provide further evidence for the hypothesis that
      ochratoxin A might be involved in the aetiology of Balkan endemic nephropathy and
      the associated urinary system tumours, a survey to determine the occurrence of
      ochratoxin A in human blood was conducted in affected and unaffected areas of
      Bulgaria, where both diseases are prevalent. Ochratoxin A, positive samples, were
      present more often in blood from affected patients and the contamination levels
      were generally higher.

PMID- 3396737
TI  - Lead and cadmium levels in commercial infant foods and dietary intake by infants
      0-1 year old.
AB  - Lead and cadmium levels were determined in 131 infant foods. Mean lead and
      cadmium levels were 19.3 and 3.3 ng/g for meats, 8.4 and 4.1 ng/g for vegetables,
      14.9 and 0.58 ng/g for fruits and desserts, 9.6 and 0.53 ng/g for juices and
      drinks, and 32.8 and 33.6 ng/g for dry infant cereals. These data, combined with
      those from other recent surveys, yielded average dietary (food and water) intakes
      of lead and cadmium by infants 0-1 year old of 2.4 and 0.37 microgram/kg/day,
      respectively. Lead intakes were most strongly influenced by storage of infant
      formulas in lead-soldered cans. For infants 0-1 month old, they ranged from 0.5
      microgram/kg/day when human or cow milk was fed to infants to 5.3
      micrograms/kg/day (exceeding the FAO/WHO provisional tolerable daily intake,
      PTWI, of lead by children of 3.5 micrograms/kg) when ready-to-use formula stored
      in lead-soldered cans was fed. Cadmium intakes were most strongly affected by
      soya based formulas, and ranged, for 0-1 months olds, from 0.16 microgram/kg/day
      for infants fed human or cow milk to 0.50 microgram/kg/day for infants fed soya
      based concentrated liquid formula. Cadmium intakes were all below the FAO/WHO
      PTDI of cadmium by adults of 0.96-1.2 micrograms/kg.

PMID- 3396739
TI  - Protected peer review.

PMID- 3396738
TI  - The problem of methanol concentration admissible in distilled fruit spirits.
AB  - Some distilled fruit spirits contain, normally, high quantities of methanol.
      After a brief summary of the process of methanol formation during fermentation
      and of the toxicological data, methanol concentrations of some distilled fruit
      spirits are indicated. Then, maximal amounts of methanol in spirits fixed by some
      countries are discussed as well as the problems which are generated by
      legislation.

PMID- 3396740
TI  - Renal function and disease in the elderly.

PMID- 3396741
TI  - Psychiatry and the elderly: diagnosis, treatment, and medical/ethical dilemmas.

PMID- 3396742
TI  - Thyroid disorders in the elderly.

PMID- 3396743
TI  - Is medical ethics a tradition and ideal without a future?

PMID- 3396744
TI  - Taking care of the well elderly.

PMID- 3396745
TI  - Cohort parity analysis: statistical estimates of the extent of fertility control.
AB  - Cohort parity analysis (CPA) is a method for indirect measurement of the extent
      and timing of the adoption of fertility control within marriage. It uses
      information on the parity distribution of a cohort of women of specified marriage
      ages and durations. A multinomial model of parity provides a convenient framework
      for the computation of distributional parameters describing the extent to which
      marital fertility control has been accepted and characterizing the way control
      has been used within specific durations of marriage. This leads to a pair of
      easily implemented formulas for upper- and lower-bound estimates of the expected
      proportion of the population ever controlling and the distribution of controllers
      by parity. The power of CPA is illustrated, using census data for currently
      married couples in Dublin, Belfast, and other county boroughs of Ireland in 1911.

PMID- 3396746
TI  - National estimates of teenage sexual activity: evaluating the comparability of
      three national surveys.
AB  - In this article, we examine the reliability with which teenage sexual activity
      was reported in three recent national surveys. Unlike other study-effects
      analyses of objective demographic phenomena such as births and marriages, ours
      focuses on a more sensitive question--age at first intercourse as reported in
      three very different surveys. Specifically, we compare reports for the 1959-1963
      cohort in the 1979 Kantner-Zelnik Study of Young Women, the 1982 National Survey
      of Family Growth, and the 1983 wave of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth.
      For the ages when the majority of teens become sexually active (16-19), the three
      surveys provide comparable estimates of early sexual activity. For the younger
      teen ages, however, there is some disagreement among the estimates. Nevertheless,
      all three studies produce consistent estimates of the determinants of sexual
      activity throughout the teen years.

PMID- 3396748
TI  - Educational attainment of children from single-parent families: differences by
      exposure, gender, and race.
AB  - This article examines the effect of living in a single-parent family on
      educational attainment by gender and race. According to household production
      theory, the reduction in parental resources for human capital investment in
      children living in a single-parent family should lower their educational
      attainment. Using matched mother-daughter and mother-son samples from the
      National Longitudinal Surveys, we constructed precise measures of the age and
      length of time a child lived in a single-parent family. Empirical findings show
      that the negative effect of living in a single-parent family (1) increases with
      the number of years spent in this type of family, (2) is greatest during the
      preschool years, and (3) is larger for boys than girls.

PMID- 3396747
TI  - Child care for preschoolers: differences by child's age.
AB  - Because of the high rates of employment of mothers, a large and increasing number
      of preschool children receive regular care from someone else. This article
      develops and tests hypotheses about the choice of child care arrangements for
      younger and older preschool children, using data from the National Longitudinal
      Survey of Young Women. We argue that appropriate care depends on the age of the
      child. It includes care by the mother or a paid provider in the child's home for
      children aged 0-2 and mother care and nursery school or center care for those 3
      5. We estimate models of the mother's employment and choice of child care
      separately for younger and older preschoolers. Our results show that need for
      care, presence of substitutes for the mother, financial resources, and
      preferences all affect both full-time care by the mother and the type of child
      care chosen by working women, although they affect these two decisions in
      different ways.

PMID- 3396749
TI  - Thinking about change in illegitimacy ratios: United States, 1963-1983.
AB  - What has been the recent trend in illegitimacy in the United States? The answer
      depends on what is being measured. If the focus is on illegitimacy rates, then
      the trend is mixed. Illegitimacy ratios, however, have been skyrocketing. We show
      that this is primarily the result of declining nuptiality (and rising marital
      dissolution) and secondarily the result of decreases in marital fertility. We
      argue that the illegitimacy ratio is the better index of the social consequences
      of out-of-wedlock childbearing and that the high ratios of recent decades are
      unlikely to abate in the foreseeable future.

PMID- 3396750
TI  - On the theory and measurement of the determinants of mortality.
AB  - This article develops a model of mortality that shows how biological,
      demographic, and environmental factors interact to affect an individual's
      probability of dying. To illustrate the usefulness of the model, we derive from
      it (as special cases) the Brass system of model life tables and the proportional
      hazard mortality model and apply a logit version of the model to analyze the
      determinants of child mortality in Sri Lanka.

PMID- 3396751
TI  - On the decomposition of changes in expectation of life and differentials in life
      expectancy.
AB  - The projection of mortality rates requires inter alia close examination of the
      mortality experience of a population over a long period of time and will usually
      also involve the analysis of mortality trends by cause of death. In two of the
      more important recent contributions, techniques were devised for explaining
      change in life expectancy in terms of mortality changes in particular age groups
      and by different causes of death. The approaches adopted by the authors differ,
      and the purpose of this article is to reconcile the two and tie the results in
      with those obtained by earlier writers. A new method for explaining the change in
      a life expectancy differential in terms of the observed changes in the mortality
      differentials and the observed change in overall mortality level is also
      described.

PMID- 3396752
TI  - Inherited frailty and longevity.
AB  - The life spans of parents and children appear only weakly related, even though
      parents affect their children's longevity through both genetic and environmental
      influences. These influences can be summarized as a correlation between parents'
      and children's frailty. It is shown that even if children perfectly inherit their
      frailty from their parents, parents' life spans explain little of the variance in
      children's life spans, because the variance in life expectancies among people
      with different frailties is small compared with the variance in life spans among
      people at the same level of frailty. By interpreting frailty as a relative risk
      in a proportional-hazard model, longevity as a duration or waiting time, and
      inheritance as an invariance in relative risk over time, one can extend this
      result to repeatable events involving fertility, migration, marriage,
      unemployment, and so forth.

PMID- 3396753
TI  - Reliability of retrospective survey data on infant feeding.
AB  - This article examines retest reliability and digit preference in retrospective
      survey data on breastfeeding duration and type of supplementary food, covering
      three decades and reported by more than 1200 Malaysian women. Women with little
      or no education, rural residents, and those of Malay ethnicity are found to give
      less reliable data. In a logistic regression analysis, these respondent
      characteristics are more important determinants of data quality than the length
      of the recall period.

PMID- 3396754
TI  - Colorimetry of dehydroalanine residues preserved as 'lost side chains' in
      thyroglobulin.
AB  - We developed a new assay method for dehydroalanine residues in thyroglobulin,
      which had been proposed to be the 'lost side chains' during thyroid
      hormonogenesis. Thyroglobulin preparations were labeled with 4-aminothiophenol at
      30 degrees C for 10 days. Under the conditions, the reagent reacted only with
      dehydroalanine and cysteine residues. The 4-aminothiophenol bound to cysteine was
      eliminated by reductive cleavage. The 4-aminothiophenol-labeled dehydroalanine (4
      aminophenylcysteine) residues were liberated by acidic hydrolysis, converted to a
      colored derivative by the Bratton-Marshall reaction and quantified
      colorimetrically. The number of dehydroalanine residues was the same as that of
      hormone residues in each thyroglobulin preparation. The results indicate that
      when one hormone residue is produced by the coupling of two iodotyrosine
      residues, the 'lost side chain' is preserved as one dehydroalanine residue in the
      thyroglobulin molecule.

PMID- 3396756
TI  - Conformation of the beta subunit of deglycosylated human chorionic gonadotropin
      in the interaction at receptor sites.
AB  - The present study was performed to evaluate the relationship between the
      antagonist effect and the conformation of deglycosylated human chorionic
      gonadotropin (DGhCG) on the Leydig cell lutropin receptors. The maximum binding
      of [125I]DGhCG to anti-hCG beta antibody was decreased by 50%, while its binding
      profile to anti-hCG, anti-DGhCG and anti-hCG alpha antibodies remained unchanged,
      suggesting conformational changes in the beta subunit of DGhCG. However, the
      association of [125I]DGhCG to the binding sites of the receptors was much faster
      than that of [125I]hCG, and the ligand reached the binding equilibrium at 4 and
      37 degrees C for 3 h and 15-30 min, respectively. Thus, the conformational
      changes in the beta subunit were not accompanied by loss of its receptor binding
      ability. The agonist properties of DGhCG which was bound to the receptors was
      fully restored by the addition of anti-hCG beta subunit antibody, while anti-hCG
      or anti-DGhCG restored only about 30% of the full agonist activity. This was
      probably due to a change of the conformation of the beta subunit to make it
      similar to that of the intact hormone. This restoration caused by anti-hCG beta
      was partially prevented by anti-hCG alpha. These facts indicate that some
      conformational change only in the beta subunit, not in the alpha subunit, of the
      deglycosylated hormone bound to the receptors is essential for the restoration of
      agonist properties.

PMID- 3396755
TI  - Binding of thyroid hormone receptor-associated factors to rGH gene 5' flanking
      sequences.
AB  - Binding of semi-purified rat liver triiodothyronine (T3) nuclear receptor (T3-nR)
      to sequences in the 5' flanking DNA of rat growth hormone (rGH) has been
      evaluated by the DNAse-footprinting technique. T3-nR was obtained by extraction
      in 0.3 M KCl and partially purified by column chromatography to 80 pmol/mg T3
      maximal binding capacity (MBC). The T3-nR preparation protects the sequence -330
      to -314 (5'-CAGTGAACAAACGATG-3') which may represent a repressor element, the
      sequence -224 to -192 (5'-CATTGCCCATAAACCTGAGC-3') which is thought to involve
      positive T3 regulation, the sequence -98 to -78 (5'-GCTCCAGCCATGAATAAATG-3')
      which may regulate basal expression, and the TATA box area. Although the DNAse
      footprints occur only with preparations containing functional T3-nR, it is
      uncertain whether each protected zone is due to binding of T3-nR or associated
      proteins. Protection is associated with enhanced DNAse digestion around the
      protected sites, involves both strands, and does not appear to require T3
      occupancy of the receptor. Only the areas described are protected in the studies,
      and non-specific proteins such as albumin, core histones, and nuclear extracts
      without receptor activity, have no effect. A putative consensus enhancer sequence
      -CCAGAGCCAAGG- conveying T3 responsivity is suggested on the basis of comparison
      to sequences in four T3 responsive genes.

PMID- 3396757
TI  - High yield purification of melanoma growth stimulatory activity.
AB  - Tumor cells produce a variety of hormones and growth factors that are associated
      with modulation of the growth pattern of malignant cells. Hs294T human malignant
      melanoma cells produce a monolayer mitogen, melanoma growth stimulatory activity
      (MGSA), that stimulates the growth of Hs294T cultures in serum-free medium. MGSA
      has been purified to homogeneity from conditioned medium of Hs294T human
      malignant melanoma cells using acetic acid extraction of the crude conditioned
      medium followed by three chromatographic processes, including gel-filtration,
      heparin-Sepharose, and reverse-phase HPLC. MGSA was eluted from the heparin
      Sepharose resin with 0.1-0.3 M NaCl. The binding affinity is similar to that of
      platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) but much
      less than many endothelial cell-derived growth factors which require
      significantly higher salt concentrations for elution. These procedures resulted
      in a final yield of purified MGSA that was significantly greater than yields
      obtained using previously reported procedures. The homogeneous 16,000 and 13,000
      molecular weight moieties obtained by means of these procedures exhibited similar
      bioactivities (stimulating a 2- to 3-fold increase in Hs294T cell growth) over a
      0.06-6 ng concentration range. This bioactivity was progressively inactivated
      during storage at -80 degrees C. These results indicate that the combination of
      heparin-Sepharose chromatography and reverse phase-HPLC provides a more efficient
      means of purification of MGSA.

PMID- 3396758
TI  - L-type lipase activity in ovaries of superovulated rats. Relation to cholesterol
      homeostasis.
AB  - The impact of lowering the ovarian L(iver)-type lipase activity on cholesterol
      homeostasis in the ovaries was studied in superovulated rats. L-type lipase
      activity increased rapidly after injection with chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG)
      (day 0), its activity remained high between days 3 and 8. During this period
      plasma progesterone and 20 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone were raised. The ovarian
      content of unesterified cholesterol remained constant during this period while
      cholesterol esters increased. Lowering of the L-type lipase activity by in vivo
      treatment with anti-liver lipase (ALLA) during 4-5 h did not affect plasma
      hormones or ovarian cholesterol contents. However, de novo cholesterol synthesis
      in the ovaries was significantly increased by about 40%. After pretreatment of
      the rats with aminogluthetimide, ALLA administration led to a 250% increase in de
      novo cholesterol synthesis in the unesterified cholesterol fraction, but was
      without effect on plasma hormones and on the ovarian cholesterol content.
      Administration of the cholesterol synthesis inhibitor Simvastatin led to a 25%
      lowering in ovarian cholesterol synthesis without effect on plasma hormones or
      ovarian cholesterol content. Additional administration of ALLA affected only the
      plasma progesterone (-30%). These results indicate that L-type lipase is involved
      in ovarian cholesterol homeostasis.

PMID- 3396760
TI  - Intracellular processing of growth hormone receptors by adipocytes in primary
      culture.
AB  - Rat adipocytes in primary culture have been used to study the intracellular
      processing of growth hormone (GH) receptors. Pretreatment of adipocytes with 20
      micrograms/ml cycloheximide resulted in a rapid decline (t1/2 approximately 45
      min) of the 125I-human growth hormone (hGH) binding capacity of the cells. This
      decline occurred at a faster rate in the presence of extracellular unlabeled hGH
      (400 ng/ml) and was not due to receptor occupancy. These data suggest that GH
      receptors turn over rapidly and constitutively on the plasma membrane and in the
      absence of protein synthesis are not replaced. Dissociation of GH-receptor
      complexes was shown not to occur at pH 5.5, the pH encountered in the acidic pre
      lysosomal compartments (endosomes) where intracellular dissociation of many
      hormone-receptor complexes takes place. These data, together, suggest that the
      majority of GH receptors are not recycled but instead suffer the same fate as the
      majority of GH, i.e. degradation. To determine the rate of appearance of GH
      receptors at the cell surface, adipocytes were first treated with trypsin and
      then incubated at 37 degrees C to permit incorporation of any available GH
      receptors into the plasma membrane. Binding of 125I-hGH recovered to pre-trypsin
      levels by 2 h. This recovery was completely blocked by concomitant treatment with
      monensin, cytochalasin B, colchicine and 2,4-dinitrophenol. NH4Cl had no effect
      on receptor recovery. These data suggest that once GH receptors are synthesized
      in the rough endoplasmic reticulum, they travel via the Golgi apparatus to the
      plasma membrane (by processes involving both microfilaments and microtubules) and
      are then inserted into the plasma membrane in an energy-dependent step.

PMID- 3396761
TI  - Development of dopamine-containing neurons and dopamine uptake in embryos of
      Hirudo medicinalis.
AB  - The embryonic development of neurons which contain or take up dopamine was
      studied with glyoxylic acid histofluorescence in Hirudo medicinalis. Beginning at
      the time of the formation of the tail ganglion, one pair of dopamine-containing
      neurons was stained per segmental ganglion. The normal outgrowth of the cell
      bodies into the anterior roots was prevented in isolated and cultured chains of
      embryonic ganglia. Preincubation of intact embryos in dopamine led to the
      staining of additional neurons at certain developmental stages. These neurons
      presumably are the precursors of serotonin-containing cells, which have a
      temporary capability of taking up and storing dopamine.

PMID- 3396759
TI  - Interaction of hCG and Lutalyse on steroidogenesis of bovine luteal cells.
AB  - This study was designed to examine the ability of in vivo administration of human
      chorionic gonadotropin (hCG, 4000 IU) to alter the effects of Lutalyse (PGF2
      alpha, 10 mg) in the cow. hCG significantly increased plasma progesterone
      concentration in midcycle cows (P less than 0.01), but these elevated levels were
      not maintained in the presence of Lutalyse (P less than 0.05). Responsiveness of
      luteal cells in vitro to luteinizing hormone (LH) (100 ng/ml), prostaglandin F2
      alpha (PGF2 alpha) (1 microgram/ml), dibutyryl cyclic AMP (dbcAMP) (10 mM) and
      PGF2 alpha (1 microgram/ml) + dbcAMP (10 mM) during a 2 h incubation was
      significantly reduced following in vivo treatment with Lutalyse when compared to
      in vivo untreated animals. In conclusion, the luteotropic effects of hCG were
      incapable of preventing Lutalyse-induced regression of the corpus luteum, and
      treatment of animals with hCG prior to Lutalyse administration could not prevent
      the significant decrease in responsiveness of luteal cells in vitro.

PMID- 3396762
TI  - Spectrin synthesis in the preimplantation mouse embryo.
AB  - The preimplantation mouse embryo expresses two polypeptides, Mr 240,000 and Mr
      235,000, that are immunologically cross-reactive with antibody to the alpha and
      beta subunits of mouse brain spectrin. We investigated the synthesis of the
      spectrin subunits in the Triton-soluble and Triton-insoluble fractions of
      fertilized eggs, two-cell embryos, compacted morulae, and blastocysts labeled
      with L-[35S]methionine. Synthesis of embryonic spectrin began in the Triton
      soluble fraction with significant levels of alpha-spectrin synthesis first
      detected in the morula stage and significant levels of beta-spectrin synthesis
      detected in the blastocyst stage. Incorporation of newly synthesized alpha- and
      beta-spectrin into the cytoskeletal fraction took place in the blastocyst when
      equal amounts of both subunits were assembled. Previous studies have shown Triton
      insoluble spectrin to be concentrated in regions of cell-cell contact in the
      embryo (J. S. Sobel and M. A. Alliegro, 1985, J. Cell Biol. 100, 333-336). The
      temporal and spatial correlation between the assembly of newly synthesized
      spectrin and its concentration in regions of cell apposition is consistent with
      the hypothesis that cell contact may influence the assembly of embryonic
      spectrin.

PMID- 3396763
TI  - Voltage clamp studies of fertilization in sea urchin eggs. II. Current patterns
      in relation to sperm entry, nonentry, and activation.
AB  - Following attachment of a sperm to the surface of a sea urchin egg clamped at a
      membrane potential (Vm) more positive than +17 mV, no changes in membrane
      conductance can be detected, the sperm does not enter egg, and no morphological
      changes can be detected. At Vm from +17 to -100 mV three characteristically
      different types of current profiles are observed: Type I are activation currents
      in eggs penetrated by a sperm. These have three phases, which occur in all eggs
      clamped at Vm from +17 to -20 mV and in decreasing percentages at clamped Vm more
      negative than -20 mV (to -75 mV). Complete fertilization envelopes are elevated,
      relatively large mound-shaped fertilization cones form, and the eggs develop to
      normal embryos. Type II are sperm transient currents in eggs not penetrated by a
      sperm, the eggs otherwise remaining in the unfertilized state. These transients
      are simpler and shorter than type I currents, and are observed only at clamped Vm
      more negative than -20 mV. Type III are modified activation currents in eggs not
      penetrated by a sperm. These have three phases, are observed only at clamped Vm
      more negative than -20 mV, and are the only type of activation current seen at
      clamped Vm more negative than -75 mV. Complete fertilization envelopes are
      elevated, the fertilization cones are small and filament-like, and the eggs fail
      to cleave. We conclude that (a) the sperm transient currents (type II) and phase
      1 of the activation currents (type I and III) are similar events generated by a
      sperm-initiated localized conductance increase, (b) the abrupt decrease of
      current which terminates the sperm transients and phase 1 of type III currents
      results from a turnoff of the sperm-induced conductance increase and signals that
      the sperm will not enter the egg, and (c) the occurrence of phase 2 during an
      electrophysiological response induced by a sperm indicates that the egg is
      activating.

PMID- 3396764
TI  - Developmental potentialities in the nonneuronal population of quail sensory
      ganglia.
AB  - Sensory ganglia taken from quail embryos at E4 to E7 were back-transplanted into
      the vagal neural crest migration pathway (i.e., at the level of somites 1 to 6)
      of 8- to 10-somite stage chick embryos. Three types of sensory ganglia were used:
      (i) proximal ganglia of cranial sensory nerves IX and X forming the jugular
      superior ganglionic complex, whose neurons and nonneuronal cells both arise from
      the neural crest; (ii) distal ganglia of the same nerves, i.e., the petrosal and
      nodose ganglia in which the neurons originate from epibranchial placodes and the
      nonneuronal cells from the neural crest; (iii) dorsal root ganglia taken in the
      truncal region between the fore- and hindlimb levels. The question raised was
      whether cells from the graft would be able to yield the neural crest derivatives
      normally arising from the hindbrain and vagal crest, such as carotid body type I
      and II cells, enteric ganglia, Schwann cells located along the local nerves, and
      the nonneuronal contingent of cells in the host nodose ganglion. All the grafted
      cephalic ganglia provided the host with the complete array of these cell types.
      In contrast, grafted dorsal root ganglion cells gave rise only to carotid body
      type I and II cells, to the nonneuronal cells of the nodose ganglion, and to
      Schwann cells; the ganglion-derived cells did not invade the gut and therefore
      failed to contribute to the host's enteric neuronal system. Coculture on the
      chorioallantoic membrane of aneural chick gut directly associated with quail
      sensory ganglia essentially reinforced these results. These data demonstrate that
      the capacity of peripheral ganglia to provide enteric plexuses varies according
      to the level of the neuraxis from which they originate.

PMID- 3396765
TI  - Identification of a secondary sperm receptor in the mouse egg zona pellucida:
      role in maintenance of binding of acrosome-reacted sperm to eggs.
AB  - During fertilization in mice, acrosome-intact sperm bind via plasma membrane
      overlying their head to a glycoprotein, called ZP3, present in the egg
      extracellular coat or zona pellucida. Bound sperm then undergo the acrosome
      reaction, which results in exposure of inner acrosomal membrane, penetrate
      through the zona pellucida, and fuse with egg plasma membrane. Thus, in the
      normal course of events, acrosome-reacted sperm must remain bound to eggs,
      despite loss of plasma membrane from the anterior region of the head and exposure
      of inner acrosomal membrane. Here, we examined maintenance of binding of sperm to
      the zona pellucida following the acrosome reaction. We found that polyclonal
      antisera and monoclonal antibodies directed against ZP2, another zona pellucida
      glycoprotein, did not affect initial binding of sperm to eggs, but inhibited
      maintenance of binding of sperm that had undergone the acrosome reaction on the
      zona pellucida. On the other hand, polyclonal antisera and monoclonal antibodies
      directed against ZP3 did not affect either initial binding of acrosome-intact
      sperm to eggs or maintenance of binding following the acrosome reaction. We also
      found that soybean trypsin inhibitor, a protein reported to prevent binding of
      mouse sperm to eggs, did not affect initial binding of sperm to eggs, but, like
      antibodies directed against ZP2, inhibited maintenance of binding of sperm that
      had undergone the acrosome reaction on the zona pellucida. These and other
      observations suggest that ZP2 serves as a secondary receptor for sperm during the
      fertilization process in mice and that maintenance of binding of acrosome-reacted
      sperm to eggs may involve a sperm, trypsin-like proteinase.

PMID- 3396766
TI  - Reversal of dorsoventral polarity in Xenopus laevis embryos by 180 degrees
      rotation of the animal micromeres at the eight-cell stage.
AB  - The 180 degrees rotation of the animal cell quartet at the 8-cell stage of
      Xenopus laevis embryos leads to a reversal of dorsoventral polarity in a majority
      of the embryos. Dorsal micromeres appear to instruct the macromeres in contact
      with them to initiate later steps in dorsal development. This inductive process
      is most apparent in the second half of the third cell cycle and is largely lost
      by the beginning of the fourth cell cycle.

PMID- 3396767
TI  - Expression of actin mRNAs in denervated chicken skeletal muscle.
AB  - The expression of actin genes in chicken pectoralis muscle denervated 1 week
      after hatching was examined 1-8 weeks after the operation by RNA blot
      hybridization using a generic actin cDNA probe and DNA probes specific for alpha
      skeletal and alpha-cardiac actin genes. Total and alpha-skeletal actin
      mRNAs/microgram total RNA decreased to about half of the levels found in
      contralateral control muscle, while the expression of alpha-cardiac actin mRNA
      was up-regulated. Consequently, alpha-cardiac actin mRNA formed about 15% of the
      total actin mRNA as compared to less than 1% found in control muscle. The
      expression of actin genes in the denervated muscle was similar to that in the
      late embryonic muscle. These results suggest that innervation is required to show
      the expression pattern of striated muscle actin genes found in mature muscle.

PMID- 3396768
TI  - The regulation of acrosomal exocytosis. I. Sperm capacitation is required for the
      induction of acrosome reactions by the bovine zona pellucida in vitro.
AB  - The regulation of acrosomal exocytosis in capacitated bovine spermatozoa by
      soluble extracts of zonae pellucidae was examined. Kinetic studies demonstrated
      that zonae pellucidae stimulated synchronous acrosome reactions. The t1/2 of this
      process was 5-10 min and response was maximal at 20 min. The apparent initial
      rate of exocytosis in sperm populations was dependent upon the concentration of
      zona pellucida protein, with an ED50 and a maximally effective dosage of 20 and
      50 ng protein/microliter, respectively. Zonae pellucidae caused up to a 48-fold
      increase in the apparent initial rate and a 3- to 4-fold stimulation in the net
      occurrence of exocytosis. In contrast, solubilized zonae pellucidae did not
      induce acrosome reactions in uncapacitated sperm. The development of a
      capacitated state, as assayed by the ability of sperm to fertilize eggs in vitro,
      was compared to the expression of zona pellucida-regulated acrosome reactions in
      a series of kinetic experiments. Both activities were manifest with similar
      kinetics and displayed identical dependencies toward stimulatory and inhibitory
      agents in vitro. It is concluded that capacitation is an essential prerequisite
      for the induction of acrosomal exocytosis in bovine sperm by the zona pellucida.

PMID- 3396769
TI  - Regulation of acrosomal exocytosis. II. The zona pellucida-induced acrosome
      reaction of bovine spermatozoa is controlled by extrinsic positive regulatory
      elements.
AB  - The effects of accessory sex gland secretions on the zona pellucida-induced
      acrosome reaction of bovine spermatozoa were investigated. Soluble extracts of
      zonae pellucidae initiated exocytosis in ejaculated spermatozoa. This process had
      an ED50 of 20 ng/microliter zona pellucida protein and saturated at 50
      ng/microliter (Florman and First, 1988. Dev. Biol. 128, 453-463). In epididymal
      sperm this dose-response relationship was shifted toward greater agonist
      concentrations by at least a factor of 10(3). Reconstitution of high potency
      agonist response was achieved in vitro by incubation of epididymal sperm with
      bovine seminal plasma. Reconstitution was dependent on the seminal plasma protein
      concentration. The ED50 of this process was 62 micrograms protein/10(8) sperm and
      saturation was observed with 124 micrograms protein/10(8) sperm. Agonist
      responses in reconstituted epididymal sperm and in ejaculated sperm were
      indistinguishable with regard to dependence on the zona pellucida protein
      concentration and the kinetics of induced acrosome reactions. Kinetic studies
      suggest that reconstitution is due to adsorption of regulatory factors from
      seminal plasma. In addition to the positive regulatory elements responsible for
      reconstituting activity, seminal plasma also contains negative regulatory
      elements which inhibit agonist response. These negative factors are inactivated
      during sperm capacitation, permitting the expression of positive regulators.
      Acting together, these regulatory elements could coordinate high affinity agonist
      response with the availability of eggs in vivo.

PMID- 3396770
TI  - Synthesis and distribution of carbohydrate chains in cleavage-stage mouse embryos
      carrying the t12 lethal mutation.
AB  - Carbohydrate chains on the t12 mutant embryos were analyzed. No abnormalities of
      the synthesis of the carbohydrate chains were observed in the t12 homozygotes
      until the late morula stage, when radiolabeled carbohydrate chains were analyzed
      by Sephadex G-50 column chromatography. Furthermore, polarization of the Con A
      receptor occurred normally at the eight-cell stage. Therefore, the possible
      defects of the carbohydrate chains on the t12 embryos were suggested to be
      neither gross abnormality of the synthesis nor abnormal localization on the
      surface, but rather minor structural changes on a specific molecule.

PMID- 3396771
TI  - Immunoglobulin A antigliadin antibodies in jejunal juice: markers of severe
      intestinal damage in coeliac children.
AB  - Antibodies to gliadin (AGA), detected in jejunal juice by immunofluorescence and
      enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, have been found in 13 of 15 (87%) children
      with untreated coeliac disease. Jejunal AGA were also positive in 6 of the 9
      (67%) coeliac children on gluten challenge, while they were consistently negative
      in coeliac children on a gluten-free diet and in controls. Jejunal AGA were
      always of immunoglobulin A (IgA) class, associated with IgM in some cases.
      Moreover, the presence of IgA AGA in jejunal juice was strictly related to the
      severity of intestinal damage. These data suggest that IgA AGA, detected in
      jejunal juice are synthesized from gut mucosa and are markers of its abnormal
      function. Like AGA, antibodies to milk and egg proteins were only found in
      jejunal juice of coeliac patients with flat intestinal mucosa, but their
      prevalence was significantly lower than that of AGA.

PMID- 3396772
TI  - Effect of ageing on the gastro-intestinal transit of a lactulose-supplemented
      mixed solid-liquid meal in humans.
AB  - Gastro-intestinal transit of a mixed solid-liquid meal containing wheat bread,
      scrambled eggs, coffee labelled with 99mTc, orange juice with lactulose and
      indigocarmine was evaluated in 21 young control (mean age 33.5 years) and 25
      elderly subjects (mean age 81.7 years) without gastrointestinal complaints or
      severe medical illness. The rate of gastric emptying was determined by an
      anterior gamma camera technique, mouth-to-caecum transit by the hydrogen breath
      test and whole-gut transit by the first stool passage of indigocarmine. Gastric
      emptying was significantly prolonged in older subjects: t1/2 = 136 +/- (SEM) 13
      versus 81 +/- 4 min; p less than 0.001. Concerning mouth-to-caecum or whole-gut
      transit time, significant differences between the two study groups were not
      detected.

PMID- 3396773
TI  - Gastric diversion: a method for H+ output estimation in the rat.
AB  - This study investigates whether 'gastric diversion', collecting gastric secretion
      from just distal to the pyloric sphincter into a plastic bag, provides an
      alternative to pylorus ligation to determine the rat basal acid output over 6 h.
      Gastric diversion did not produce distension, lesions visible through the serosa,
      or mucosal injury in any stomach, and all bags were found to be intact and to
      have completely drained their stomachs. The acid output (mean +/- SEM) was
      reproducible on the following day (59.7 +/- 2.8 vs. 60.4 +/- 2.4 mumol; n = 10)
      and a week later (62 +/- 3.2 mumol; n = 10). Atropine (5 mg/kg) or cimetidine (40
      mg/kg) significantly (p less than 0.001) depressed this output (16.2 +/- 1.3 and
      20.6 +/- 1.7 mumol, respectively, vs. 62 +/- 3.2 mumol; n = 10). The results
      illustrate that gastric diversion is accurate and suitable for basal acid output
      estimation and it is suggested as a valuable substitute for the classical Shay
      rat procedure, allowing gastric secretion collection over 6 h without gastric
      mucosal injury.

PMID- 3396774
TI  - Fecal and biliary bile acid composition after partial ileal bypass operation.
AB  - Biliary and fecal bile acid composition was studied in 13 patients 3-12 years
      after a partial ileal bypass operation and in 10 unoperated controls, all with
      heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. Three operated patients were taking
      cholestyramine. The relative amount of cholic acid in the bile was decreased at
      the expense of chenodeoxycholic acid in the operated subjects. Chenodeoxycholic
      acid content of the bile correlated negatively with the fractional cholesterol
      absorption, suggesting that in compromised absorption chenodeoxycholic acid is
      absorbed more efficiently than cholic acid. Despite a ninefold increase in total
      bile acid synthesis the cholic/chenodeoxycholic acid synthesis ratio was not
      significantly different in the operated and control subjects. However, the lower
      the chenodeoxycholic acid synthesis the higher was the proportion of deoxycholic
      acid in the bile and feces, suggesting regulation of chenodeoxycholic acid
      synthesis by deoxycholic acid. Ileal exclusion had increased the proportion of
      primary bile acids in the feces from below 10 to over 50%. Despite increased
      fecal water excretion the concentration of fecal total and dihydroxy bile acids
      was higher in the operated than in control subjects. However, the fecal
      concentration of the potentially cancer-promoting bile acids, deoxycholic acid
      and lithocholic acid, was not increased in the operated subjects. In the operated
      subjects, fecal water output was positively correlated with total bile acid and
      chenodeoxycholic acid synthesis. It is concluded that the severe bile acid
      malabsorption caused by ileal exclusion activates the synthesis of both primary
      bile acids in similar amount. However, after ileal exclusion the relative amount
      of cholic acid in the bile is decreased, obviously because loss of ileal
      absorption predominantly affects the absorption of cholic acid.

PMID- 3396775
TI  - Central patient registration and the computer.

PMID- 3396776
TI  - A forms management program saves time, money and work.

PMID- 3396777
TI  - A team approach to providing patient services.

PMID- 3396778
TI  - A circuit rider librarian program in Nova Scotia.

PMID- 3396779
TI  - Occurrence screening in long-term care.

PMID- 3396780
TI  - Quality assurance systems need a second look.

PMID- 3396781
TI  - Holistic health care: meeting all the needs of the patient.

PMID- 3396782
TI  - A fight for survival.

PMID- 3396783
TI  - A reporting system for discharge planning.

PMID- 3396784
TI  - A strong correlation between glomerular filtration rate and filtration surface in
      diabetic nephropathy.
AB  - Quantitative structural studies were performed in kidney biopsy specimens from 24
      long-term Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients with persistent
      albuminuria due to diabetic glomerulopathy. Ten patients were receiving
      antihypertensive treatment, and among the remaining patients the mean blood
      pressure was 142/91 mm Hg (SD = 11/9). The urinary albumin excretion rate showed
      a range from 100 to 5494 micrograms/min (geometric mean 688 micrograms/min.)
      Glomerular filtration rate also showed a wide range, from supranormal to markedly
      decreased values (128 to 28 ml.min-1. (1.73 m2)-1, mean 75). The filtration
      surface (interface between capillary and urinary space) per total number of
      nephrons (open + occluded) was estimated by combined light-and electron
      microscopy. The percentage occluded glomeruli as well as structural quantities in
      the open glomeruli were taken into account in this estimate. A highly significant
      correlation was seen between glomerular filtration rate and filtration surface
      per nephron (r = 0.77, p less than 10(-4). The percentage occluded glomeruli
      contributed significantly to the variation in glomerular filtration rate (for
      this relationship tested separately r = -0.78, p less than 10(-5). The volume of
      open glomeruli was even larger than that seen in early diabetic glomerular
      hypertrophy and tended to increase with the percentage of glomerular closure,
      indicating that a compensatory hypertrophy might have taken place. In the open
      glomeruli the filtration surface constituted a smaller percent of total capillary
      surface (the remaining part facing the mesangial regions) than in early diabetic
      patients and control subjects. Our study has demonstrated that reduced glomerular
      filtration surface is closely associated with reduced glomerular filtration rate
      in Type 1 diabetic patients with diabetic nephropathy.

PMID- 3396786
TI  - Complex mixtures and multiple agent interactions: the issues and their
      significance.

PMID- 3396785
TI  - Early development of nephropathy in a new model of spontaneously hypertensive rat
      with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
AB  - We designed the present study to clarify whether the development of nephropathy
      was accelerated by a combination of hypertension and non-insulin-dependent
      diabetes. Spontaneously hypertensive rats with non-insulin-dependent diabetes
      induced by neonatal streptozotocin treatment (25.0-75.0 mg/kg) were separated
      into severely or mildly diabetic groups according to their non-fasting plasma
      glucose levels at 12 weeks of age and the findings were compared with the data on
      a control group treated with citrate buffer alone. The natural courses of urinary
      excretion rate of total protein, the molecular composition by sodium dodecyl
      sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with laser densitometer and N-acetyl
      beta-D-glucosaminidase were measured in the three groups from 12 weeks until 36
      weeks of age. Total urinary protein in the control group decreased with age (p
      less than 0.05), while in the mildly diabetic group changes were nil; in the
      severely diabetic group, however, the excretion rates of total urinary protein
      and high molecular weight protein consistently and progressively increased with
      age (p less than 0.05). The low molecular weight protein continuously decreased
      with age in the mildly diabetic and control groups (p less than 0.05), while in
      the severely diabetic group there was no decrease after 28 weeks of age. The
      urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase markedly increased (p less than 0.05) in
      the severely diabetic group throughout the period compared with findings in the
      control group, but drastically decreased (p less than 0.05) in the mildly
      diabetic group with age.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3396787
TI  - Pharmacological studies on the in vivo cataractogenicity of acetaminophen in mice
      and rabbits.
AB  - Acetaminophen can be enzymatically bioactivated, which may play a role in
      cataractogenesis. This study evaluated the relation of dose, sex, plasma drug
      concentration, cytochromes P-450 (P-450 and P-448) induction, and hepatocellular
      toxicity to cataractogenic susceptibility in inbred mice and rabbits. C57BL/6 or
      DBA/2 mice, which respectively are genetically responsive and nonresponsive to P
      448 induction, were treated with acetaminophen, 300 to 1000 mg/kg
      intraperitoneally (ip), following pretreatment with the P-448 inducer 3
      methylcholanthrene (3-MC). Bilateral cataracts developed, independent of sex, in
      83% of C57BL/6 mice within 4 hr of acetaminophen administration, compared with 7%
      of DBA/2 mice. A dose-response relation for cataractogenesis was evident in
      C57BL/6 mice using doses of 300 and 400 mg/kg, with the higher dose producing
      similar plasma acetaminophen concentrations but twofold higher glucuronide
      concentrations. Both strains had increased plasma concentrations of glutamic
      pyruvic transaminase (GPT). New Zealand white or Chinchilla pigmented rabbits
      were treated with single or multiple doses of acetaminophen, 500 to 1500
      mg/kg/day ip, following pretreatment with a cytochromes P-450 inducer:
      phenobarbital, 3-MC, or beta-naphthoflavone. Acetaminophen given chronically
      caused lenticular opacities within 1 week in 19 of 20 rabbits pretreated with P
      450 inducers, regardless of pigmentation, but not in animals without prior P-450
      induction. No opacities were observed after a single dose of acetaminophen, even
      with P-450 induction. There was no increase in plasma GPT in rabbits with any
      treatment. Over 85% of acetaminophen was recovered in urine as a glucuronide
      conjugate, and the rest as acetaminophen or conjugates with sulfate, cysteine, or
      N-acetylcysteine. Susceptibility to acetaminophen cataractogenesis can be
      genetically predetermined and may involve enzymatic bioactivation. possibly
      independent of hepatic biotransformation and toxicity.

PMID- 3396788
TI  - Decrease of serum triglyceride in normal rats fed with 2000 ppm aluminum diet for
      67 days. I. Feeding young rats sucrose, lactose, milk, casein or soy-protein
      diets with addition of aluminum chloride.
AB  - Aluminum (Al) compounds are widely used in drugs and food additives but the
      toxicity of such compounds is not known in detail except in patients with renal
      insufficiency (J. W. Coburn and A. C. Alfrey, 1986, Kidney Int. 29, Suppl. 18).
      In this experiment, toxicity of ingested Al was investigated in relation to
      nutritional conditions in normal rats having no renal insufficiency. Sucrose,
      lactose, milk, casein and soy-protein diets were prepared. As the Al source,
      aluminum chloride (AlCl3) was added to these diets at the level of 2000
      micrograms/g (ppm). Male weanling Wistar rats were fed for 67 days without any Al
      effect on body weight gain. After a half-day starvation they were terminated. The
      significance of difference resulting from Al treatment was statistically tested
      between rats consuming diet with or without added Al. Serum Al concentrations did
      not exceed 20 ng/ml in any of the groups. Tibia Al concentration doubled in rats
      consuming added Al in every diet but lactose. Liver Al concentration increased
      significantly in the Sucrose, Milk, and Casein groups compared to each Control
      group consuming diet without addition of Al. No lactose effect on Al accumulation
      was observed. With Al treatment, anemia and hypophosphatemia were not observed,
      but a decrease in tibia weight was observed with every diet. Aluminum-dependent
      decreases in serum triglyceride (TG) concentration were also observed in all
      dietary groups, without any effect on serum cholesterol or phospholipid (P-lipid)
      concentrations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3396789
TI  - Decrease of serum triglyceride in normal rat fed with 2000 ppm aluminum diet for
      67 days. II. Feeding young and adult rats a sucrose diet with addition of
      aluminum hydroxide and aluminum potassium sulfate.
AB  - To confirm the hypotriglyceridemic effect of aluminum (Al), male weanling and
      adult Wistar rats were fed sucrose diets with the addition of aluminum hydroxide
      (Al(OH)3) or aluminum potassium sulfate (AlK(SO4)2) for 67 days. As in the
      foregoing report (C. Sugawara, N. Sugawara, H. Kiyosawa, and H. Miyake, Fundam.
      Appl. Toxicol. 10, 607-615), no Al-induced anemia or hypophosphatemia was
      observed and serum Al did not exceed 20 ng/ml. Serum triglyceride (TG) was
      decreased by aluminum. Serum TG was significantly correlated with the serum
      nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentration in both the Young groups (R =
      0.757, n = 22, p less than 0.01) and the Adult groups (R = 0.727, n = 19, p less
      than 0.01). Neither serum cholesterol nor phospholipids was affected by Al
      ingestion. Aluminum caused a decrease in hepatic glycogen in all groups, but the
      decrease was significant only in Adult groups. Glycerol tri[9,10(n)-3H]oleate was
      administered by gastric tube into rats fed for 81 days with experimental diets.
      In all the Al-treated groups serum 3H was significantly greater than in control
      groups at 3 hr after intubation. At 24 hr after intubation, serum 3H did not
      differ between Control and Al-treated groups. Total 3H at 24 hr found in serum,
      liver, and epididymal adipose tissue was not changed significantly by Al feeding.
      These effects were observed without measurable increase of Al in the
      serum.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3396790
TI  - The effects of type I and II pyrethroids on motor activity and the acoustic
      startle response in the rat.
AB  - Recent data have demonstrated that the in vivo effects of low dosages of two
      pyrethroids, cismethrin and deltamethrin, can be differentiated. Two behavioral
      tests, locomotor activity and the acoustic startle response (ASR), were utilized
      to separate the behavioral actions of Type I and II pyrethroids using permethrin,
      RU11679, cypermethrin, RU26607, fenvalerate, cyfluthrin, flucythrinate,
      fluvalinate and p,p'-DDT. Dosage-effect functions for all compounds were
      determined for both figure-eight-maze activity and the ASR in the rat. All
      compounds were administered po in 1 ml/kg corn oil 1.5-3 hr prior to testing. All
      compounds produced dosage-dependent decreases in locomotor activity. The Type I
      compounds, permethrin and RU11679, along with p,p'-DDT, increased amplitude and
      had no effect on latency to onset of the ASR. In contrast, the Type II
      pyrethroids, cypermethrin, cyfluthrin, and flucythrinate, decreased amplitude and
      increased the latency to onset of the ASR. Fenvalerate increased the amplitude,
      had no effect on latency, but unlike the other compounds tested, increased ASR
      sensitization. Fluvalinate had no effect on any measure of the ASR. These data
      provide further evidence of the differences between the in vivo effects of low
      dosages of Type I and II pyrethroids, and extend the findings of our previous
      work to other representatives of the two classes of pyrethroids.

PMID- 3396791
TI  - Cadmium-induced ovarian toxicity in hamsters, mice, and rats.
AB  - The effects of cadmium on the female genital tract of Syrian hamsters (Cr:RGH),
      of four mouse strains (BALB/cAnNCr, DBA/2NCr, C57BL/6NCr, NFS/NCr), and two rat
      strains (F344/NCr and WF/NCr) were studied by light microscopy after a single sc
      injection of cadmium chloride (CdCl2). Experiments involved animals prior to and
      after sexual maturity, and employed CdCl2 doses ranging from 20 to 47.5 mumol/kg.
      Animals were examined at intervals from 24 hr to 8 weeks following treatment.
      Syrian hamsters were most susceptible to CdCl2-induced ovarian hemorrhagic
      necrosis at all ages tested. Most severe ovarian lesions occurred in immature
      hamsters, in mature hamsters at high doses, and shortly before ovulation at all
      doses. The small arteries of the developing follicles and interstitial stroma
      seemed selectively susceptible to CdCl2 toxicity while the corpora lutea,
      mesothelium, primordial oocytes, and the rete ovarii appeared resistant.
      Pretreatment with zinc acetate markedly reduced the extent of ovarian lesions in
      hamsters. Although reduced in weight by 45%, the hamster ovaries recovered
      morphologically within 2 months after severe acute hemorrhagic necrosis. Uterine
      and cervical stromal hemorrhages were seen only in immature hamsters at doses of
      greater than or equal to 30 mumol CdCl2/kg. Of the mice, only the DBA/2NCr strain
      showed significant CdCl2-induced ovarian hemorrhages, and these hemorrhages
      occurred at doses also producing lethal liver toxicity. Lesions of the uterus
      were rare. Rats showed dose- and age-dependent toxicity in the ovaries, uterus,
      cervix, and liver. CdCl2 exposure in mature rats induced uterine lesions only in
      F344 rats, while acute ovarian and hepatic toxicity was less severe in mature
      animals of both strains. No lesions were noted after 7 days in mature WF rats. In
      both rats and mice, no cycle dependency of the ovarian lesions was evident.

PMID- 3396792
TI  - Bioavailability of soil-bound TCDD: oral bioavailability in the rat.
AB  - The implications to the public health of trace amounts of 2,3,7,8-TCDD in the
      environment are under evaluation by regulatory agencies in the United States and
      Western Europe. One major consideration in such evaluations is the contribution
      to human exposure via ingestion of TCDD-contaminated soil. An 80% figure is under
      consideration by some regulators for estimated human exposure. A contractor for
      one agency has, in fact, used a value of 100% bioavailability for estimating
      human bioavailability. Several studies have investigated the oral bioavailability
      of TCDD from contaminated soil in animals. Most have reported estimates of 25
      50%, although one has reported less than 0.5 and 85%, depending on the source of
      the contaminated soil. This paper reports an oral bioavailability of
      approximately 43% in the rat dosed with three environmentally contaminated soil
      samples from Times Beach, Missouri. This figure did not change significantly over
      a 500-fold dose range of 2 to 1450 ng TCDD/kg of body weight for soil
      contaminated with approximately 2, 30, or 600 ppb of TCDD. The relevance of
      animal oral bioavailability data for the human remains to be evaluated. However,
      since regulatory agencies use animal data for extrapolating to humans, the 43% or
      25-50% figure would be more accurate than the 80 or 100% estimates.

PMID- 3396793
TI  - Percutaneous absorption and excretion of alachlor in rhesus monkeys.
AB  - The percutaneous absorption and excretion profile of alachlor were evaluated in
      rhesus monkeys. A preliminary study demonstrated that an average of 86.7 and 9.7%
      of the administered dose was recovered in the urine and feces, respectively,
      following intravenous administration of radiolabeled alachlor to rhesus monkeys.
      In subsequent studies, diluted and undiluted emulsifiable concentrate (EC) and
      microencapsulated (ME) formulations of radiolabeled alachlor were applied to a 40
      cm2 shaved abdominal area and allowed to remain on the skin for 12 hr. The
      radioactivity excretion profiles in all animals were comparable. In all cases,
      approximately 88% of the absorbed dose was eliminated via the urine, primarily
      within the first 48 hr. Comparison of the amount of radiolabel recovered in the
      topical studies with that recovered following intravenous administration
      indicated that an average of 8.5 and 3.7% of the alachlor in the topically
      applied EC and ME formulations, respectively, was absorbed.

PMID- 3396794
TI  - Pulmonary fibrosis produced in F-344 rats by subchronic inhalation of aerosols of
      a 4000 molecular weight ethylene oxide/propylene oxide polymer.
AB  - Inhalation of aerosols of the ethylene oxide/propylene oxide polymer (U-5100)
      evaluated in this study has previously been shown in acute and 2-week studies to
      produce toxicologic effects on the lungs, with increased lung weights and
      microscopic findings of congestion and hemorrhage of pulmonary alveolar
      capillaries and necrosis of alveolar epithelial cells (D. R. Klonne, D.J.
      Nachreiner, D. E. Dodd, P. E. Losco, and T.R. Tyler, 1987, Fundam. Appl. Toxicol.
      9, 773-784). In the present studies, F-344 rats were exposed 6 hr/day, 5 day/week
      for 2 weeks to aerosols at mean concentrations of 0, 0.9, or 5.0 mg/m3 or for 13
      weeks to mean concentrations of 0, 0.3, 1.1, or 5.2 mg/m3. Following the 2-week
      study, minimal multifocal hemorrhage and eosinophilic proteinaceous debris in
      alveoli were observed in the 0.9 mg/m3 group; similar lesions plus alveolar cell
      necrosis were found in the 5 mg/m3 group. In the 13-week study, the 5.2 mg/m3
      group had a slight decrease in body weight gain, while increases in absolute
      and/or relative lung weights occurred for both the 1.1 and 5.2 mg/m3 groups at
      the end of the exposure regimen and at the end of a 5-week recovery period.
      Histologic lesions of the lungs occurred in all U-5100-exposed groups and
      consisted of hemorrhage, alveolar histocytosis, interstitial pneumonia, and
      multifocal fibrosis. The incidence and severity of the pulmonary lesions were
      concentration related.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3396795
TI  - An immunotoxicological evaluation of 4,4'-thiobis-(6-t-butyl-m-cresol) in female
      B6C3F1 mice. 1. Body and organ weights, hematology, serum chemistries, bone
      marrow cellularity, and hepatic microsomal parameters.
AB  - Adult female B6C3F1 mice were gavaged with 4,4'-thiobis-(6-t-butyl-m-cresol)
      (TBBC) in corn oil at doses of 10, 100, or 200 mg/kg daily for 14 consecutive
      days. There was no overt toxicity, as manifested by grossly observable behavioral
      changes, decreased growth rate over the exposure period, or mortality. There were
      also no marked effects on serum chemistries or hematology, with the exception of
      a significant increase (41%) in the number of leukocytes at the highest dose.
      Absolute differential counts indicated that significant increases occurred in the
      number of lymphocytes (31%) and neutrophils (177%). Studies with bone marrow
      indicated a significant 30% increase in the number of cells/femur from animals
      treated with the highest dose of TBBC. The number of macrophage progenitors (CFU
      M)/femur was significantly increased by 28%, while the number of granulocyte
      monocyte progenitors (CFU-GM)/femur was nonsignificantly increased by 20% in the
      high dose animals. The weight of both the spleen and liver was increased in a
      dose-related fashion, although the histopathology of the spleen of TBBC-treated
      mice was not different from control. The livers of mice receiving the high dose
      showed mild focal hydropic degeneration, mild hepatitis, and a slight increase in
      the number of Kupffer cells. No other organs were affected. Liver microsomal
      protein and cytochrome P-450 levels were increased in a dose-related fashion.
      Enzyme activities of aminopyrine demethylase and aniline hydroxylase, but not
      arylhydrocarbon hydroxylase, were also increased in a dose-related fashion.

PMID- 3396796
TI  - An immunotoxicological evaluation of 4,4'-thiobis-(6-t-butyl-m-cresol) in female
      B6C3F1 mice. 2. Humoral and cell-mediated immunity, macrophage function, and host
      resistance.
AB  - Adult female B6C3F1 mice were gavaged with TBBC in corn oil at doses of 10, 100,
      or 200 mg/kg daily for 14 consecutive days. All immunological parameters were
      measured 24 hr after the last chemical exposure. When indicated, animals were
      immunized during the exposure. TBBC produced a decrease in the peak IgM (44%) and
      peak IgG (48%) antibody response to sheep erythrocytes (SRBCs), but had no effect
      on the delayed hypersensitivity response (DHR) to keyhole limpet hemocyanin
      (KLH). Paradoxically, TBBC caused an overall increase in the number of splenic
      cells, a decrease in the percentage of splenic T cells and no effect on the
      percentage of splenic B cells. There were no effects on the lymphoproliferative
      responses to optimal concentrations of concanavalin A (Con A), phytohemagglutinin
      (PHA), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), but there was a significant decrease in the
      mixed lymphocyte response (MLR). In both the mitogen assays and the MLR there was
      a dose-related increase in the basal (unstimulated) DNA synthesis of the spleen
      cells. Innate immunity, as measured by natural killer (NK) cell activity and
      serum complement, was significantly increased. Effects on macrophage function
      were complex, as an increase or no effect was observed depending on the parameter
      measured. In the host resistance models, animals were infected with various
      pathogens 24 hr after the last chemical exposure. Exposure to TBBC caused an
      increased resistance to challenge with Streptococcus and B16F10 melanoma, a
      decreased resistance to challenge with PYB6 tumors, and no effect on the
      resistance to HSV-2, Listeria or Plasmodium.

PMID- 3396797
TI  - Metabolic alterations induced by topical dimethylacetylenedicarboxylate.
AB  - The disposition of topical dimethylacetylenedicarboxylate (DMAD) in tissue and
      its effect on glucose metabolism were studied in vivo, using skin grafted athymic
      nude mice, and in vitro, using excised pig skin. [14C]DMAD that penetrated skin
      grafts was distributed throughout the body. At 24 hr, the liver contained 15.62%
      of the applied dose. The kidneys, lungs, brain, and the heart contained 12.73,
      5.61, 0.36, and 3.24% of the dose, respectively. One hour postapplication, DMAD
      markedly decreased [U-14C]glucose oxidation and the syntheses of fatty acids and
      glycogen in the livers and skin grafts. Similar effects were observed in excised
      pig skin. In addition, the activities of hepatic glucose-6-phosphate
      dehydrogenase, isocitric and NADP-malic dehydrogenase, and acetyl-CoA carboxylase
      were significantly reduced in DMAD-treated mice. In contrast, no effect was
      observed on the activity of glucokinase. The data indicate that DMAD rapidly
      penetrates the skin and causes aberrations in the activities of the glycogenic,
      lipogenic, and tricarboxylic acid metabolic pathways.

PMID- 3396799
TI  - The effects of saccharin on the development of neoplastic lesions initiated with
      n-methyl-n-nitrosourea.

PMID- 3396798
TI  - Teratogenic evaluation of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBPA) in New Zealand
      white rabbits following dermal exposure.
AB  - Diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBPA) was tested for its potential to cause
      embryo/fetal toxicity and teratogenicity in pregnant rabbits. DGEBPA was applied
      daily to the clipped skin of New Zealand White rabbits for approximately 6 hr/day
      at dose levels of 0 (polyethylene glycol 400, vehicle control), 30, 100, or 300
      mg/kg body weight/day on Days 6 through 18 of gestation. Fetuses were examined
      for external, visceral, and skeletal alterations on Day 28 of gestation. Maternal
      toxicity was observed among pregnant rabbits in the 300 mg/kg/day dose group as
      evidenced by moderate to severe erythema, fissures, hemorrhage, and slight edema
      at the exposure site. Similar, but less severe skin lesions were observed in
      pregnant rabbits in the 100 mg/kg/day exposure group. A slight erythema at the
      site of application was observed in dams in the 30 mg/kg/day dose group. The
      erythema in rabbits from the low dose group was indistinguishable from the
      erythema caused by the occlusive bandages/jackets used to hold the test material
      in place and, thus, was not considered toxicologically significant. No evidence
      of embryo/fetal toxicity or teratogenicity was observed at any dose level. Thus,
      the embryo/fetal no-observed-effect level for dermally applied DGEBPA was 300
      mg/kg body weight/day, the maximum tolerated dose.

PMID- 3396800
TI  - Assessment of vocational training.

PMID- 3396802
TI  - Response bias in a study of general practice.
AB  - Response bias in quality of care research is an important, but largely neglected
      concern. Differences between health care professionals who consent to participate
      in research and those who do not may distort the conclusions and prevent the
      results being generalizable. This is particularly likely when response rates are
      low, as they often are in studies evaluating primary health care. The present
      study outlines a method for examining this important area. Fifty-six general
      practitioners who consented to participate in an observational study of general
      practice were compared with 52 doctors who declined to participate in the
      research. Comparisons were made of general characteristics including age, sex,
      practice size and postgraduate qualifications, as well as attitudes toward their
      role. This last analysis was deemed particularly important, as the attitudes
      expressed may have affected the behaviour of the doctor in the consultation, and
      therefore outcomes such as accurate diagnosis, compliance and satisfaction. Such
      outcomes are often the object of study in quality of care research. The only
      significant difference to emerge in the present study was that non-consenters
      were more strongly in favour of a medical system based on free enterprise and fee
      for service (t83 = 2.3P less than 0.05). No systematic differences were found on
      other general characteristics or attitudes relating to patient care. Response
      bias using the stated variables was therefore considered to be minimal. The
      results are discussed in terms of strategies aimed at increasing response rates
      in quality of care research.

PMID- 3396801
TI  - Relationship between psychosocial factors and asthma morbidity.
AB  - A general practice study was designed to describe certain psychosocial attributes
      of asthma patients and to relate these to reported asthma morbidity in the
      previous two years. A postal questionnaire on their respiratory morbidity was
      completed in September 1983 and again in September 1985 by 207 asthma patients.
      They then completed a postal questionnaire concerning their attitudes to asthma
      and level of family support. The findings revealed a marked degree of
      psychosocial morbidity among patients. Family support showed no significant
      associations with past or current levels of morbidity, or with changes in
      morbidity over the previous two years. In contrast, negative attitudes to asthma
      were correlated with significantly higher levels of morbidity, the strongest
      associations being found between patients' present attitudes and their most
      recent level of morbidity. These findings in conjunction with work carried out
      elsewhere suggest that high levels of asthma morbidity bring about a negative
      attitude to the condition which in turn contributes towards continuing morbidity.

PMID- 3396803
TI  - Management of cystitis: the patient's viewpoint.
AB  - Two years after a microbiological study of the urethral syndrome 32 sufferers and
      26 controls were asked what they felt caused 'cystitis' symptoms, what they did
      to prevent recurrences and how they managed acute episodes. Doctors may feel that
      they have discharged their clinical responsibility by excluding pathogens but the
      patient is often confused and frustrated by the mismatch between her own ideas on
      causation and the paradoxical ideas of her doctor. The findings indicated that
      both patient groups think in a divergent and largely non-biomedical manner about
      their symptoms. Medical advisers were unlikely to explore lay ideas on cystitis
      or reinforce self-help measures. Clinicians would be well advised to take lay
      ideas into account and, where appropriate, to capitalize on them in negotiating
      management.

PMID- 3396804
TI  - Some factors affecting utilization of health services provided for students of
      the University of Benin, Nigeria.
AB  - Some of the factors affecting the utilization of the student health service at
      the University of Benin, Nigeria, were investigated. There was no significant sex
      difference in students' use of service nor was there a significant difference in
      the use of services by students of different faculties of the university.
      Significantly more use was made of medical centres than hospital out-patient
      departments and general practice clinics and this was attributed to the easy
      accessibility of the medical centres. The time spent in waiting to see the health
      providers was also important and accounted for more use of the medical centres.
      Other factors found to be important included student-medical staff relationships
      and availability of essential drugs.

PMID- 3396805
TI  - A computerized audit of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug prescribing in
      general practice.
AB  - The two group practices based in a city health centre decided to prescribe non
      steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in generic form from an agreed date. The
      practices' computer was used to identify the number of repeat prescriptions being
      issued for this group of drugs and to monitor the effectiveness of the
      changeover. Although both practices showed a marked increase in the level of
      generic prescribing there was considerable interpractice variation. Generic
      prescribing for one practice increased from 4% to 64% and for the other from 1%
      to 38% of repeat prescriptions issued for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
      over the study period. The reasons for this variation, the advantages of
      computerized audit and the problems associated with this self-imposed audit are
      discussed.

PMID- 3396807
TI  - Continuing education in general practice in the UK: a review.
AB  - This paper reviews developments in continuing education in general practice in
      the UK in the 1980s. It highlights the growing awareness at national level of the
      need to develop performance review as a form of continuing education in general
      practice and the steps that have been taken to restructure the postgraduate
      medical education system. It also draws attention to the lack of change in the
      general pattern of continuing education, despite some uncoordinated growth of
      activity outside postgraduate centres and the emergence of some educational
      innovations. The paper concludes by putting forward proposals for a programme of
      action and for the appointment of properly trained general practitioner tutors in
      each district to support, coordinate and extend educational initiatives.

PMID- 3396806
TI  - Relationship between general practitioners' attitudes and methods of dealing with
      psychosocial problems.
AB  - The relationship between general practitioners' attitudes and the methods they
      use when dealing with psychosocial problems was investigated using a
      questionnaire that was answered by a group of 30 general practitioners. The
      results showed that: (1) the doctor's desire to help is in general associated
      with the need to be appreciated; (2) when treating sexual problems, the giving of
      information is associated with a desire to change the patient; (3) when dealing
      with problems associated with chronic illness, the giving of encouragement to the
      patient is accompanied by a desire to give advice. The findings suggest that the
      way in which a general practitioner treats psychosocial problems depends partly
      on the type of problem and partly on his own attitude.

PMID- 3396808
TI  - Dissociation between cholesterol secretion and plasma lipid transfer activity in
      rabbits.
AB  - Human and rabbit plasma contains a lipid transfer protein that transfers
      cholesteryl esters and triglycerides among the plasma lipoproteins and may also
      have a role in the movement of lipids into and out of cells. Little is known
      about the regulation of the activity of the lipid transfer protein, but in the
      rabbit, hypercholesterolemia is associated with increased plasma lipid transfer
      activity (LTA). Perfused rabbit livers secrete LTA, and hepatic cholesterol
      secretion is increased in rabbits with diet-induced hypercholesterolemia. Thus,
      experiments were performed with rabbits to determine if LTA is regulated by a
      concerted hepatic secretion of lipoprotein protein cholesterol and LTA. Rabbits
      were fed chow or chow plus coconut oil (14% wt/wt), and plasma lipids, LTA, and
      the rate of secretion of cholesterol into plasma were determined. Coconut oil
      feeding increased plasma cholesterol by 68%, LTA by 42%, and hepatic cholesterol
      secretion by 69%. Mevinolin (75 mg/day), an inhibitor of cholesterol
      biosynthesis, lowered LTA and plasma cholesterol without affecting the rate of
      secretion of cholesterol into plasma. These studies provide further evidence
      that, in the rabbit, plasma cholesterol and LTA are closely related, and the
      association is not likely to be caused by a concerted hepatic secretion of
      cholesterol and LTA.

PMID- 3396809
TI  - Glucocorticoids in muscular dystrophy: beneficial effects of dexamethasone on
      avian myopathy.
AB  - A corticosteroid with mixed glucocorticoid-mineralocorticoid actions was
      previously shown to improve neuromuscular function in muscular dystrophic
      chickens. The significance of that finding was recently underscored by reports
      that a mixed-action corticosteroid improved muscle function in Duchenne dystrophy
      patients, albeit at high doses. In the present study a pure glucocorticoid
      improved function and retarded muscle histopathology in the chicken, but a pure
      mineralocorticoid did not. These observations suggest that elucidation of
      mechanisms by which glucocorticoids beneficially affect dystrophic muscle could
      lead to development of more effective therapies.

PMID- 3396810
TI  - Characteristics and frequency of transient relaxations of the lower esophageal
      sphincter in patients with reflux esophagitis.
AB  - Electromyogram of the submental muscles, esophageal manometry, and pH studies
      were simultaneously performed in an unselected group of 12 patients with
      subjective and objective evidence of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) disease to
      determine the frequency of transient relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter
      (LES) and mechanisms of GER. Findings from these patients were compared with data
      from 10 asymptomatic healthy volunteers. Recordings were obtained for 1 h in the
      fasting state and 3 h after a standard 850-kcal meal. Transient relaxation of the
      LES was the only mechanism of acid reflux in normal subjects and accounted for
      73.0% of the episodes of acid reflux in patients with GER disease. In both normal
      subjects and patients with GER, a large number of transient relaxations were
      associated at their onset with an attenuated submental EMG complex, a small
      pharyngeal contraction, and an esophageal contraction. The incidences of these
      associated events were similar in the two study populations. The frequency of
      transient relaxation of the LES in patients with GER was identical to that of
      controls. The frequency did not differ even in 9 patients with GER disease who
      had endoscopic esophagitis. Thirty-six percent of transient relaxations in the
      normal subjects were accompanied by pH evidence of reflux, but in the GER
      patients with endoscopic esophagitis 65% of the transient LES relaxations
      resulted in a reflux event. Acid reflux at the moment of deep inspiration was the
      second most common mechanism of GER in our patients. Four patients who
      demonstrated this mechanism had hiatal hernias and more severe esophagitis than
      the rest of the group. Our findings confirm that transient relaxation of the LES
      is the major mechanism of GER in patients with reflux esophagitis. However, the
      similar frequency of this relaxation in GER patients and in healthy asymptomatic
      subjects suggests that factors other than transient LES relaxation play an
      important role in the pathogenesis of GER disease.

PMID- 3396811
TI  - Comparison of gastric acid secretion rates and serum pepsinogen I and II
      concentrations in Occidental and Oriental duodenal ulcer patients.
AB  - The purpose of these controlled studies was to determine the prevalence of acid
      pepsinogen hypersecretion in 173 patients with duodenal ulcer disease [88
      Americans (75 men, 13 women) and 85 Chinese (66 men, 19 women)]. One-half to two
      thirds of duodenal ulcer patients of either sex had acid hypersecretion or
      hyperpepsinogenemia, or both. When Chinese and American duodenal ulcer patients
      were compared, the two ethnic groups had similar serum pepsinogen I and II
      concentrations and similar maximal acid outputs per kilogram body weight. In
      contrast, Chinese duodenal ulcer patients had significantly lower basal acid
      outputs per kilogram body weight than American duodenal ulcer patients. We
      conclude that acid-pepsinogen hypersecretion is present in the majority of
      American and oriental duodenal ulcer patients.

PMID- 3396812
TI  - Influence of prostaglandins, omeprazole, and indomethacin on healing of
      experimental gastric ulcers in the rat.
AB  - We investigated whether the trophic actions of prostaglandins, omeprazole, and
      indomethacin on gastric mucosa lead to accelerated healing of gastric ulcers in
      the rat. Cryoulcers were produced in the corpus area and treated with 16,16
      dimethyl prostaglandin E2 (5 or 100 micrograms/kg b.i.d., intragastrically),
      omeprazole (40 mumol/kg once daily, subcutaneously), indomethacin (2 mg/kg
      b.i.d., subcutaneously), or placebo. At the end of the treatment, plasma gastrin,
      cell labeling index (autoradiography with [3H]thymidine), and the size and depth
      of mucosal defects were measured. Compared with placebo, omeprazole accelerated
      ulcer healing as indicated by a smaller ulcer area [1.1 +/- 0.2 vs. 4.8 +/- 1.2
      mm2 (mean +/- SEM)] and smaller ulcer depth (383 +/- 31 vs. 488 +/- 41 microns)
      after 10 days of treatment. Prostaglandins did not affect ulcer healing despite
      thickening of gastric corpus mucosa. Indomethacin delayed ulcer healing and
      reduced the labeling index. Omeprazole induced a marked hypergastrinemia (208 +/-
      12 vs. 66 +/- 12 pmol/L on day 5, and 469 +/- 23 vs. 58 +/- 16 pmol/L on day 10).
      The results indicate that abolishment of acid secretion by omeprazole accelerates
      healing. Trophic actions and "cytoprotective" effects by prostaglandins are not
      relevant for ulcer healing in this model.

PMID- 3396813
TI  - Gastric mucosal blood flow response to stimulation and inhibition of gastric acid
      secretion.
AB  - The effect of stimulation (with graded doses of intravenous pentagastrin) and
      inhibition (with an H2-blocker or a proton pump inhibitor) of acid secretion on
      corpus mucosal blood flow was investigated. Hydrogen gas clearance was used to
      measure blood flow in the basal portion of the mucosa of anesthetized rats. A
      dose-related increase in acid output increments above resting level was observed
      with the doses of pentagastrin from 0 (saline infusion) to 40 micrograms/kg.h.
      With the doses of pentagastrin from 0 to 80 micrograms/kg.h there was a dose
      related increase in mucosal blood flow increments above resting levels. A linear
      correlation (r = 0.7) was observed between increments in acid output and
      increments in mucosal blood flow with increasing doses of pentagastrin from 0 to
      that producing maximal acid secretion (40 micrograms/kg.h). Inhibition of
      pentagastrin-stimulated acid secretion by cimetidine or omeprazole returned
      stimulated gastric mucosal blood flow to baseline levels.

PMID- 3396814
TI  - Gastrointestinal dysfunction in systemic mastocytosis. A prospective study.
AB  - In 16 consecutive patients with systemic mastocytosis, we prospectively evaluated
      a variety of gastrointestinal functions and examined how they relate to the
      occurrence of gastrointestinal symptoms. Nine patients had either a duodenal
      ulcer or duodenitis. Hypersecretion of gastric acid was present in 6 patients,
      and in these patients the mean basal acid output was 20.7 +/- 4.1 mEq/h (range 14
      39 mEq/h). Impaired small intestinal absorption occurred in 5 patients, although
      this was usually mild. The mean fractional emptying rate of liquids for all
      patients (14.7% +/- 2.3% per minute) did not differ from that for controls (10.7%
      +/- 0.6% per minute). Mean mouth-to-cecum transit time measured by breath
      hydrogen testing was the same among patients (87.7 +/- 6.7 min) and controls
      (86.7 +/- 8.0 min). Plasma histamine concentrations were increased in all
      patients (mean 1886 pg/ml, range 480-7450) and correlated with the basal acid
      output (r = 0.64, p less than 0.02) but not maximal acid output or the presence
      or absence of pain or diarrhea. Mean fasting plasma concentrations of motilin,
      substance P, and neurotensin from 6 patients did not differ significantly from
      controls, whereas gastrin and vasoactive intestinal peptide were significantly
      less than in controls (p less than 0.01). Gastrointestinal symptoms, consisting
      of abdominal pain or diarrhea, occurred in 80% of patients. Abdominal pain
      classified as dyspeptic was usually associated with acid-peptic disease of the
      duodenum and hypersecretion of gastric acid, whereas abdominal pain of a
      nondyspeptic character was not. Only in those cases of diarrhea consisting of
      greater than 200 g stool/day was gastric acid hypersecretion frequently found.
      Neither fecal urgency nor nondyspeptic pain could be accounted for by alterations
      of gastrointestinal transit. These results demonstrate that gastrointestinal
      symptoms, peptic disease, and mild malabsorption are much more common than
      described previously in patients with systemic mastocytosis. Furthermore, the
      results provide no evidence for the contention that altered gastrointestinal
      transit is involved in the pathogenesis of these symptoms.

PMID- 3396815
TI  - Dysplasia and deoxyribonucleic acid aneuploidy in the assessment of precancerous
      changes in chronic ulcerative colitis. Observer variation and correlations.
AB  - Cancer prevention in patients with long-standing ulcerative colitis depends on
      the detection of epithelial dysplasia in colorectal biopsy specimens.
      Deoxyribonucleic acid analysis by flow cytometry has also been used to examine
      biopsy specimens, and might be a more quantitative method of detecting
      precancerous change. Histology and flow cytometry were used to analyze 333
      paraffin blocks from colectomy specimens of 58 patients with extensive ulcerative
      colitis; 22 of these patients had developed carcinoma. Interobserver agreement
      between three experienced pathologists grading the sections was good for high
      grade dysplasia and no dysplasia, but poor for low-grade and indefinite
      dysplasia. Deoxyribonucleic acid aneuploidy was easier to recognize than
      dysplasia and, as with dysplasia, it was found to be associated with patients who
      had developed carcinomas. The presence of deoxyribonucleic acid aneuploidy
      correlated with the presence of dysplasia. We believe that dysplasia is a useful
      marker of premalignant change and that flow cytometry may be useful as a
      complement to histologic examination when dysplasia is suspected.

PMID- 3396816
TI  - Functional bowel disease: malabsorption and abdominal distress after ingestion of
      fructose, sorbitol, and fructose-sorbitol mixtures.
AB  - Twenty-five patients with functional bowel disease were given fructose, sorbitol,
      fructose-sorbitol mixtures, and sucrose. The occurrence of malabsorption was
      evaluated by means of hydrogen breath tests and the gastrointestinal symptoms, if
      any, were recorded. One patient could not be evaluated because of lack of H2
      production. Based on a cut-off level of 10 ppm rise of H2 concentration,
      malabsorption was apparent in 13 patients, in 7 of which the calculated
      absorption capacities were below 15 g. In contrast, in patients given 50 g of
      sucrose, malabsorption could not be detected. Ingestion of fructose caused marked
      abdominal distress in patients with demonstrable malabsorption. Ingestion of
      sucrose in these patients gave less pronounced symptoms of abdominal distress.
      Malabsorption of a 5-g dose of sorbitol could be detected in 8 of 13 patients.
      Mixtures of 25 g of fructose and 5 g of sorbitol caused significantly increased
      abdominal distress, and more than additive malabsorption was found in several
      cases. The present study shows that pronounced gastrointestinal distress may be
      provoked by malabsorption of small amounts of fructose, sorbitol, and fructose
      sorbitol mixtures in patients with functional bowel disease. The findings may
      have direct influence on the dietary guidance given to a major group of patients
      with functional bowel disease and may make it possible to define separate
      entities in this disease complex.

PMID- 3396817
TI  - Psychosocial factors in the irritable bowel syndrome. A multivariate study of
      patients and nonpatients with irritable bowel syndrome.
AB  - In this multivariate analysis of the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) we describe
      the symptomatic and psychologic features of the condition and their possible
      contributions to health care seeking. We studied 72 IBS patients, 82 persons with
      IBS who had not sought medical treatment, and 84 normal subjects. All subjects
      received complete medical evaluation, diary card assessment of abdominal pain and
      stool habit, and standard psychologic tests of pain, personality, mood, stressful
      life events, illness behavior, and social support. Pain and diarrhea were the
      most important symptoms associated with patient status. When controlling for
      these symptoms we found that (a) IBS patients have a higher proportion of
      abnormal personality patterns, greater illness behaviors, and lower positive
      stressful life event scores than IBS nonpatients (p less than 0.001) and normals
      (p less than 0.001); (b) IBS nonpatients, although psychologically intermediate
      between patients and normals, are not different from normals (p less than 0.21);
      and (c) IBS nonpatients have higher coping capabilities, experience illness as
      less disruptive to life, and tend to exhibit less psychologic denial than
      patients. These factors may contribute to "wellness behaviors" among people with
      chronic bowel symptoms. We conclude that the psychologic factors previously
      attributed to the IBS are associated with patient status rather than to the
      disorder per se. These factors may interact with physiologic disturbances in the
      bowel to determine how the illness is experienced and acted upon.

PMID- 3396818
TI  - Symptoms of psychologic distress associated with irritable bowel syndrome.
      Comparison of community and medical clinic samples.
AB  - Women with symptoms indicative of irritable bowel syndrome who had not consulted
      a physician were compared with female patients at a gastroenterology clinic to
      investigate whether self-selection for treatment accounts for psychologic
      abnormalities in clinic patients' with irritable bowel syndrome. Two sets of
      diagnostic criteria were compared: restrictive criteria based on the work of
      Manning and conventional criteria (abdominal pain plus altered bowel habits).
      Lactose malabsorbers were included as a control group because they have medically
      explained bowel symptoms similar to those that define irritable bowel syndrome.
      Thus they control for the causative effects of chronic bowel symptoms on
      psychologic distress. Women who met restrictive criteria for irritable bowel
      syndrome but had not consulted a physician had no more symptoms of psychologic
      distress on the Hopkins Symptom Checklist than asymptomatic controls. However,
      medical clinic patients with both irritable bowel syndrome and lactose
      malabsorption had significantly more psychologic symptoms than asymptomatic
      controls or nonconsulters with the same diagnoses. Individuals who met only the
      conventional criteria for irritable bowel syndrome reported more psychologic
      distress than controls, whether or not they consulted a physician. These results
      suggest that (a) symptoms of psychologic distress are unrelated to irritable
      bowel syndrome but influence which patients consult a doctor and (b) conventional
      diagnostic criteria identify more psychologically distressed individuals than do
      restrictive criteria.

PMID- 3396819
TI  - Gallbladder function during gallstone dissolution. Effect of bile acid therapy in
      patients with gallstones.
AB  - Impaired gallbladder emptying has been associated with gallstone disease but any
      effect on or from bile acid therapy for gallstone dissolution is unknown. We
      evaluated gallbladder filling and emptying with low-dose cholecystokinin infusion
      (0.02 U/kg.h) by computer-assisted cholescintigraphy in 52 controls versus 31
      gallstone patients: 17 treated with 12-15 mg/kg.day of chenodeoxycholic acid and
      14 with 8-10 mg/kg.day of ursodeoxycholic acid. Thirteen of 31 patients with
      complete dissolution had four scans: before, after 3 mo of therapy, after stone
      dissolution, and after discontinuation of bile acids. The 18 failures had three
      scans: before and after 3 and 15-18 mo of therapy. Before therapy, the 31
      gallstone patients had significantly impaired gallbladder emptying compared with
      controls, but filling was not decreased. Bile acids significantly decreased
      emptying in both treatment groups after 3 mo of therapy. In the dissolution
      group, emptying improved once the stones had dissolved and increased further upon
      discontinuing the bile acids. In the failures, impaired emptying persisted for up
      to 15-18 mo. Gallbladder filling in the 31 gallstone patients was also
      significantly decreased after 3 mo of bile acid therapy, particularly in the
      failure patients, 5 of whom exhibited zero filling. No differences were detected
      between ursodeoxycholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid for either gallbladder
      function or efficiency of dissolution. Thus, bile acid therapy impairs
      gallbladder filling and emptying in gallstone patients. Gallstone dissolution
      improves emptying, which is further enhanced when bile acids are discontinued.

PMID- 3396820
TI  - Steady-state extrarenal sorbitol clearance as a measure of hepatic plasma flow.
AB  - Hepatic plasma flow was assessed with sorbitol (hepatic extraction = 0.96) at
      steady state. After infusion of 50 mg/min for 3 h, total and renal sorbitol
      clearances were calculated, and the extrarenal clearance was obtained by taking
      the difference between the two. In normal volunteers, the mean (+/- SD)
      extrarenal sorbitol clearance was 10.6 +/- 2.1 ml/min.kg. In patients with
      various liver diseases, it was correlated more closely to the fractional
      clearance of indocyanine green (r = 0.83, n = 57) than the galactose elimination
      capacity (r = 0.66, n = 55). Hepatic vein catheterization showed that the hepatic
      extraction of sorbitol was always much higher than the extraction of indocyanine
      green; there was no evidence for extrahepatic, extrarenal sorbitol elimination.
      On the basis of these findings, sorbitol is kinetically superior to indocyanine
      green and, although the noninvasively determined extrarenal sorbitol clearance at
      steady state may not be equal to total hepatic plasma flow, it may at least be
      regarded as a measure of parenchymal liver plasma flow.

PMID- 3396821
TI  - Bile salt hydrophobicity influences cholesterol recruitment from rat liver in
      vivo when cholesterol synthesis and lipoprotein uptake are constant.
AB  - These studies were undertaken to characterize the role of bile salt
      hydrophobicity in determining the rate of cholesterol recruitment from the liver.
      Using an in vivo rat model in which the acquisition of hepatic cholesterol from
      chylomicron remnants, low-density lipoproteins, and de novo synthesis was
      measured and kept constant, it was found that the amount of sterol recruited from
      the liver cell increased progressively as the liver was probed with a constant
      infusion of progressively more hydrophobic bile salts. The absolute secretion
      rate of both cholesterol and phospholipid increased nearly 50% as the hydrophobic
      index of the bile salts traversing the liver increased from 1.7 to 4.5, but the
      ratio of cholesterol to phospholipid secreted in bile remained nearly constant.
      Thus, when cholesterol entry into the hepatocyte via lipoproteins and de novo
      cholesterol synthesis is constant, the mass of cellular cholesterol recruited
      into the bile is directly proportional to the hydrophobic-hydrophilic balance of
      the secreted bile salts.

PMID- 3396822
TI  - Inhibition of taurocholate and ouabain transport in isolated rat hepatocytes by
      cyclosporin A.
AB  - The use of cyclosporin A in transplantation procedures has been reported to cause
      hepatotoxicity as evidenced by elevated serum bilirubin and bile salt levels.
      However, these biochemical abnormalities could also result from interference with
      hepatic transport processes. This possibility was investigated in the present
      study in which the effect of cyclosporin A on transport processes was examined in
      isolated rat liver cells. Taurocholate, ouabain, and alpha-aminoisobutyric acid
      were selected as compounds known to enter liver cells by distinct active
      transport systems and cadmium was selected as a substance taken up by a
      combination of simple and facilitated diffusion. Cyclosporin A was found to cause
      a dose-related inhibition of both taurocholate and ouabain uptake. On the other
      hand, the uptake of alpha-aminoisobutyric acid and of cadmium were unaffected by
      cyclosporin A. These findings indicate a substrate-specific effect of cyclosporin
      A rather than a general effect on cellular transport. Efflux of taurocholate from
      preloaded hepatocytes was also inhibited by cyclosporin A. Cyclosporin A caused a
      decrease in maximum velocity for ouabain uptake with no change in Km. Kinetic
      analysis for both uptake and efflux of taurocholate showed an unchanged maximum
      velocity and an increased Km. The data indicate that the ability of liver cells
      to take up and release bile acids is impaired in the presence of cyclosporin A.
      These findings provide a possible explanation for the finding of increased serum
      bile acids during cyclosporin A therapy and suggest that hepatic clearance of
      other compounds could also be impaired.

PMID- 3396823
TI  - Fat-soluble vitamin nutriture in primary biliary cirrhosis.
AB  - We measured serum levels of vitamins A, E, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and 1,25
      dihydroxyvitamin D, as well as levels of abnormal (des-gamma-carboxy)
      prothrombin, in 52 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Decreased serum
      levels of retinol (vitamin A) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D and elevated levels of
      abnormal prothrombin were common in these patients and correlated with the
      histologic stage of the disease and with the clinical severity of disease as
      judged by elevated serum bilirubin levels and decreased serum albumin levels. The
      increased levels of abnormal prothrombin were due primarily to vitamin K
      deficiency but also, in part, to the severity of the liver disease itself.
      Vitamin E deficiency was rare. Only 1 patient had clinical manifestations of fat
      soluble vitamin deficiency, night blindness, and gastrointestinal bleeding
      related to a marked prolongation of the prothrombin time. Deficiencies of fat
      soluble vitamins are most likely to be present in jaundiced patients with long
      standing, severe cholestasis. We suggest that fat-soluble vitamin status be
      determined in all patients with primary biliary cirrhosis by appropriate blood
      tests and that vitamin supplements be given only to those patients who require
      them.

PMID- 3396824
TI  - Tubulovesicular transcytotic pathway in isolated rat hepatocyte couplets in
      culture. Effect of colchicine and taurocholate.
AB  - Isolated rat hepatocyte couplets in short-term culture (6 h) were labeled for 3
      min with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) to characterize the transcytotic vesicle
      transport pathway in this cell culture system that retained an "apical"
      canalicular membrane polarity. Microtubules were identified with monoclonal
      antibodies to beta-tubulin and fluorescein iso-thiocyanate-labeled goat-antimouse
      antibody and were concentrated in the apical domain, a structural polarity that
      was eliminated by pretreatment with colchicine. In control cells, HRP immediately
      labeled vesicles and tubules in the submembrane regions of the periphery of the
      cell. Within 10 min tubules and vesicles were prominently labeled in
      pericanalicular regions, a process blocked by colchicine but not by lumicolchine
      or taurocholate administration. A quantitative morphometric analysis utilizing a
      Zeiss Videoplan-2 image analyzer established that (a) HRP-containing structures
      increased in density, area, length, and diameter in the pericanalicular region by
      10 min; (b) colchicine, but not lumicolchicine, pretreatment diminished their
      density, area, and length; and (c) taurocholate (50 microM), a choleretic and
      biliary lipid-stimulating bile acid, had no effect on HRP density or percentage
      of area in the pericanalicular region, but decreased the diameter of the
      pericanalicular HRP-containing structures and increased the percentage of tubules
      containing HRP from 29% to 40%. Tubules were particularly prominent in thick
      sections (400 nm) in both peripheral and pericanalicular regions and were viewed
      as continuous anastomosing linear arrays in stereo-paired micrographs. These
      studies established that isolated rat hepatocyte couplets maintain a highly
      polarized tubulovesicular transcytotic pathway in short-term culture that is
      micro-tubule-dependent. Taurocholate stimulates the transformation of tubules
      from vesicles in this isolated rat hepatocyte couplet system.

PMID- 3396825
TI  - Resolution of amyloidosis (AA type) complicating chronic ulcerative colitis.
AB  - A 36-yr-old woman was admitted for the investigation of diarrhea, fever, weight
      loss, and a recurrent painful, red eruption on her forearms. She was found to
      have total colonic involvement with a nonspecific ulcerative colitis. Vascular
      and extravascular amyloid (AA type) was present in biopsy specimens of the colon,
      duodenum, and stomach. There was clinical and radiographic evidence of splenic
      and hepatic amyloidosis. Moreover, the presence of extravascular colonic amyloid,
      the absence of renal involvement, the relatively early detection of amyloid, and
      the resolution of amyloid after treatment make this case unique.

PMID- 3396827
TI  - Has bubble therapy for obesity been deflated?

PMID- 3396826
TI  - Spontaneous esophagotracheal fistula resulting from ulcer in heterotopic gastric
      mucosa.
AB  - In a 50-yr-old male patient, a spontaneously perforating peptic ulcer located in
      a patch of heterotopic gastric mucosa in the upper part of the esophagus led to
      the development of an esophagotracheal fistula. The histologic workup revealed,
      in addition to ulcer necroses and granulation tissue, glands of the fundic type,
      with chief and parietal cells. On the basis of histologic results, the fistula
      was successfully occluded with the aid of a fibrin adhesive applied
      endoscopically. After the second session, the patient immediately became free of
      symptoms. Under medical treatment with an H2-receptor blocker, the patient has
      been completely symptom-free for 1 yr.

PMID- 3396828
TI  - Pancreatic-type isoamylase in breast carcinoma.

PMID- 3396829
TI  - Hepatic hematomas after transparietal liver biopsy.

PMID- 3396830
TI  - Anemia with zinc therapy.

PMID- 3396832
TI  - [Observations and problems in the TNM classification of breast cancers].
AB  - The pretherapeutically and histologically measured size of the tumor was compared
      in 2511 cases of breast carcinomas. Breast tumors up to 2 cm in size revealed a
      correspondence in the histologically and clinically measured tumor size in only
      13.6%. 240 breast cancer patients having undergone a mastectomy with dissection
      of the axilla in 1986, were examined as to the number of histologically detected
      lymph nodes. In most cases nine lymph nodes were removed, this corresponds to
      11.7%. An optimal surgical treatment and pathological diagnosis was found in
      43.3% of all breast carcinomas with the required amount of 10 nodes, and in 28.3%
      with 12 lymph nodes. In order to emphasize the prognostic adequacy of the pTNM
      classification, it is recommended to note down in brackets after the abbreviation
      pN0 the number of lymph nodes detected and to indicate for pN1 the relation
      between axillary nodes afflicted compared to the nodes examined.

PMID- 3396831
TI  - [Experiences with after care of patients with breast cancer].
AB  - We retrospectively analyzed methods of follow-up and subsequent clinical outcome
      in 399 breast cancer patients treated with curative intent. Radioisotope liver
      scans, liver sonograms and laboratory investigations were of little value in
      detecting metastases. Mammography detected 2 of 6 contralateral breast cancers in
      an asymptomatic stage. Of 92 metastatic diseases, 24 were disclosed by a total of
      871 radioisotope bone scans, and 17 were disclosed by a total of 2409 chest x
      rays. The detection of distant metastases in an asymptomatic stage by diagnostic
      procedures vs detection by symptoms was not correlated with a survival benefit.
      The survival times for the two groups were 6.4 years vs 6.7 years (p = 0.7) after
      initiation of primary therapy, and 20.8 vs 20.4 months (p = 0.9) after the
      diagnosis of metastatic disease. Our study does not lend support to the
      hypothesis that the detection of metastatic disease in an asymptomatic stage or
      regular follow-up visits are associated with a survival benefit. We conclude that
      clinical history, physical examination, and mammography are the most important
      procedures in the follow-up of breast cancer patients.

PMID- 3396833
TI  - [Assessment of positive cytologic and/or colposcopic findings in the uterine
      cervix in pregnancy].
AB  - When cytologic and colposcopic findings are atypical during pregnancy, a
      differentiated diagnostic approach is necessary for the sake of an undisturbed
      course of pregnancy. Scraping of the portio with cervical curettage--a procedure
      with a low complication rate--for provisional diagnosis (to rule out an invasive
      carcinoma) permits a definitive diagnosis to be established after lying-in.
      Problems are pointed out.

PMID- 3396835
TI  - [Multiple pregnancy following in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer].
AB  - In a 32 year old patient 14 eggs were harvested and inseminated with donor semen.
      Six embryos were transferred resulting in a triplet-pregnancy. In spite of a
      septic disease three preterm but healthy children were born by caesarean section
      199 days after ET (male 1620.0; female 1180.0; male 1560.0). Up to nowadays there
      is not any handicap. We don't know a general but safe method for avoiding
      multiple pregnancies.

PMID- 3396834
TI  - [74 pregnancies despite a retained IUD].
AB  - The author's study of 74 pregnancies where an IUD had been inserted was unable to
      find any tangible reason for the failure of the contraceptive in 40 cases. In 26
      cases, dislocation of the spiral was established, while in eight cases anatomical
      changes were presumed to be the reason for conception. Of the 154 "spiral
      pregnancies" recorded in Upper Austria in the study period (1984-1985), 92 (i.e.,
      77.3% of the 119 intact intrauterine pregnancies) culminated in termination,
      while there were 35 extrauterine pregnancies (22.7%). Of the remaining 27
      pregnancies which went to term, there was not a single case of septic
      complication in the mother or of abnormality in the child. In the author's
      opinion this argument would seem to present a well-founded challenge to the
      widespread view that, for the sake of the mother or the fetus, termination is to
      be recommended if an IUD has been inserted.

PMID- 3396836
TI  - [Immunologic disorders in patients with primary myelodysplasias].

PMID- 3396837
TI  - [Analysis of the associative relations of HLA-antigens with the intensity of
      production of certain antimicrobial antibodies].

PMID- 3396838
TI  - [Lipid peroxidation and the blood aggregation state in persons with a defect in
      the synthesis of secretory class A immunoglobulin].

PMID- 3396839
TI  - [Synthesis of nonhistone proteins of the highly mobile group of bone marrow blood
      forming cells under conditions of acute experimental hypoxia and hemolytic
      anemia].

PMID- 3396840
TI  - [Post-transfusion non-hemolytic reactions induced by the administration of anti
      HLA antibodies].

PMID- 3396841
TI  - [Electrokinetic charge of erythrocytes and its role in providing structural
      properties of blood].

PMID- 3396842
TI  - [Prediction of the degree of erythrocyte damage during hypothermic blood storage
      based on initial parameters of erythrocyte suspension].

PMID- 3396844
TI  - [Model studies of blood clots in a segment of the human vascular bed under
      pressure].

PMID- 3396843
TI  - [Evaluation of the coagulation and fibrinolytic activity of erythrocytes using
      integrated values].

PMID- 3396845
TI  - [Experience with the organization of the preparation of large quantities of anti
      HLA sera].

PMID- 3396846
TI  - [Isolation and fractionation of preparatory quantities of reticulocytes from cell
      suspensions obtained during cytapheresis].

PMID- 3396847
TI  - [Problems of the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of so-called hemopoietic
      dysplasia].

PMID- 3396848
TI  - Effects of temperature and Na0+ on the relaxation of phasic and tonic tension of
      guinea-pig ureter muscle.
AB  - Effects of temperature and Na0+ on the relaxation of guinea-pig ureter smooth
      muscle were studied. Relaxation of phasic contraction was found to be highly
      temperature-dependent, practically independent of Na0+ and Ca02+, and resistant
      to vanadate. The relaxation of the tonic tension of both high-K and low-Na
      contracture was less temperature-dependent and affected by Na0+. The relaxation
      of tonic tension produced by introduction of Na0+ was about 3-5 times faster than
      that produced by Ca-free solution. La3+ ions were found to block the relaxation
      of the tonic component of the Na+-free contracture initiated by removal of Ca02+.
      Three systems of regulation of cell calcium are suggested to be operative in the
      ureter muscle: a fast one which is highly temperature-dependent and responsible
      for the relaxation of the phasic contraction (probably the sarcoplasmic
      reticulum), and two slow membrane-linked carriers, one of which is dependent on
      Na0+ (probably Na-Ca exchange) and another one which is independent of Na0+ and
      inhibited by La3+ (probably Ca-pump).

PMID- 3396849
TI  - Dependence of Ca outflow and depression of frog myocardium contraction on
      ryodipine concentration.
AB  - The effect of ryodipine on calcium outflow from tissues, on contraction force,
      the duration of action potentials and the relaxation phase time-constant in the
      contraction cycles of myocardial strips was studied using frog heart
      preparations. It was found that calcium outflow (delta Ca) as a function on
      ryodipine concentration can be represented as: (formula; see text) A linear
      correlation exists between Ca2+, contraction blocking and the shortening of the
      action potential in the presence of various ryodipine concentrations. Ryodipine
      (10(-5) mol/l) decreased the relaxation time-constant by about 20% as compared to
      controls. It was concluded that calcium outflow from myocardial tissues in
      response to ryodipine is due to blockade of calcium entry into the cells and
      their output through the Na+--Ca2+ exchange system. Frog heart myocardial
      contractions are essentially under the control of calcium entry through
      sarcolemmal calcium channels.

PMID- 3396850
TI  - May active solute flux control the cell volume in the steady state?
AB  - The dynamics of a bioreactor with a variable volume and an active solute flux
      based on the thermodynamics of irreversible processes and stability analysis was
      studied. The active solute flux may control both the bioreactor volume and the
      hydrostatic pressure as well as the concentration of the solute inside the cell
      in the steady state. The range of the active solute flux is limited by amplitudes
      (j1(0), J2(0] of the active transport depending on the membrane transport
      parameters. The dynamic system is stable for j0 greater than jth0.

PMID- 3396851
TI  - Osmotic properties of bovine erythrocytes aged in vivo.
AB  - The osmotic properties of bovine erythrocytes aged in vivo were studied by the
      modified microhematocrit method. The osmotic fragility of older red cells
      decreases due to their larger relative osmotically non-active volume. Relative
      critical cell volume of bovine erythrocytes does not alter significantly with
      cell age. The age dependent change in the osmotic fragility of human red blood
      cells, the reverse of that found for bovine erythrocytes, is due to a different
      alteration of the critical cell volume during intravascular erythrocyte aging.

PMID- 3396852
TI  - Comparison of the effects of carbisocaine and other local anesthetics on 32P
      incorporation into individual and total phospholipids in synaptosomes.
AB  - The aim of the paper was to study the effect of carbisocaine, a new local
      anesthetic with high liposolubility on incorporation of 32P into individual and
      total phospholipids and to compare its effect with that of other local
      anesthetics (procaine, lidocaine, cinchocaine, heptacaine). Carbisocaine
      decreased 32P incorporation into neutral phospholipids and increased the
      incorporation into acid phospholipids, presumably by inhibiting phosphatidate
      phosphohydrolase, similarly as reported for other anesthetics (Brindley and
      Bowley 1975). The increased incorporation of 32P into phosphatidylserine induced
      by carbisocaine suggests that this phospholipid is also synthetised from
      phosphatidic acid. At low concentrations, the local anesthetics studies were
      found to increase 32P incorporation into total phospholipids, whereas at high
      concentrations they reduced 32P incorporation. This biphasic effect is in
      agreement with the incorporation of 14C from glucose into lipids (Lassanova et
      al. 1984) and with the effect of cinchocaine on glycerol incorporation into
      phospholipids (Allan and Michell 1975), suggesting that local anesthetics affect
      de novo synthesis of phosphatidic acid. Carbisocaine increased 32P incorporation
      into phospholipids, in concentrations lower by several orders of magnitude as
      compared to the other local anesthetics studied. A rough correlation was observed
      between the concentrations at which the local anesthetics showed stimulatory
      effect on 32P incorporation, and the average effective concentrations of the
      respective anesthetics. No such correlation could be found for carbisocaine.

PMID- 3396854
TI  - The "pacemaker" function of the transient outward current in the rabbit
      myocardium.
AB  - The single sucrose gap technique was employed to study the electrically induced
      automaticity in rabbit papillary muscles. When the potential was clamped at the
      level of the "maximum diastolic potential" following the first spike of
      automaticity an initial decline of the outward ionic current with subsequent
      activation of the delayed potassium current was observed. The initial decline was
      potential-sensitive with a maximum at approximately -2 mV; it diminished when the
      rate of stimulation increased and was abolished with 4-aminopyridine plus Sr2+.
      It is suggested that the transient outward current determines the development of
      the "pacemaker potential" after the first spike of electrically induced
      automaticity in rabbit papillary muscles.

PMID- 3396853
TI  - Interactions of calcium binding proteins, parvalbumin and alpha-lactalbumin, with
      dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles.
AB  - Interactions of Ca2+ binding proteins, pike (Esox lucius) parvalbumins pI 4.2 and
      5.0, and bovine and human alpha-lactalbumins, with dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine
      vesicles were studied by means of scanning microcalorimetry and intrinsic
      tyrosine and tryptophan fluorescence methods. The interactions of pike
      parvalbumins are modulated by Ca2+ and Mg2+ binding to the protein and induce
      some changes in the physical properties of both the proteins and liposomes.
      Liposomes increased thermal stability of Ca2+-loaded parvalbumin and decreased
      thermal stability of both Mg2+-loaded and metal-free protein. The interaction of
      parvalbumin with liposomes affects the phase transition from gel to liquid
      crystalline state in liposomes. Ca2+-loaded alpha-lactalbumin interacts with
      liposomes in its native state while the metal-free protein binds to the liposomes
      mainly in its thermally denatured state. The results of the microcalorimetric and
      spectrofluorometric studies are supported by data obtained by means of gel
      chromatography on Sepharose 4B. It may be suggested that these metal-modulated
      interactions of Ca2+-binding proteins with membranes have some functional
      significance.

PMID- 3396855
TI  - Bombesin-induced changes in membrane potential-dependent phasic contractions of
      cat gastric muscle.
AB  - Electrical and contractile activities of smooth muscle strips isolated from the
      circular muscle layer of cat gastric antrum were studied using the sucrose gap
      technique. Bombesin (10(-8) mol/l) depolarized the gastric muscle; this was
      accompanied by an increase in the strip tone, in the plateau action potential
      frequency and in both the frequency and the amplitude of the spike potentials as
      well as by a shortening of the plateau action potential duration. Both the
      frequency and the amplitude of the phasic contractions increased thereafter. The
      changes in the frequency of the plateau action potentials and contractions were
      not influenced either by antagonists of cholinergic and adrenergic receptors or
      by TTX. In the presence of the Ca antagonists D600 (10(-6) mol/l) and nifedipine
      (10(-7) mol/l) or in Ca-free medium containing EGTA the effect of bombesin on the
      frequency of the plateau action potentials and phasic contractions remained
      unchanged; however, spike potentials were not observed and no increase in the
      amplitude of phasic contractions occurred. UV-light inactivation of nifedipine
      restored the typical bombesin effect on the electrical and contractile activities
      of the gastric smooth muscle. The present data suggest that the effect of
      bombesin on the frequency of both plateau action potentials and phasic
      contractions is not linked with Ca2+ influx.

PMID- 3396856
TI  - Effect of calcium entry blockade on the actions of phenylephrine on the taenia of
      the guinea pig caecum.
AB  - The interaction between phenylephrine and calcium entry blockers was studied on
      the taenia of the guinea-pig caecum using the double sucrose gap method.
      Sustained hyperpolarization, relaxation and attenuation of evoked electrical and
      mechanical activity were induced by non-cumulative addition of phenylephrine (0.1
      to 250 mumol.1-1) for 2 to 4 min. When the alpha 1-adrenoceptor agonist was
      applied for a prolonged period (20 to 60 min) the initial inhibitory response
      gradually disappeared both at room temperature and at 32 degrees C. The renewed
      action potentials were accompanied by a positive afterpotential. The initial
      hyperpolarization and its delayed recovery in course of the phenylephrine effect
      were significantly reduced in calcium-free medium containing EDTA (2 mmol.1-1),
      after pretreatment with nifedipine (0.1 to 1 mumol.1-1), verapamil (10 to 100
      mumol.1-1) or procaine (0.5 to 2 mmol.1-1). In contrast sodium nitroprusside (10
      to 100 mumol.1-1) which produced biphasic changes similar to those of
      phenylephrine, did not affect the initial and delayed phase of phenylephrine
      action. Ba2+(5 mmol.1-1) could substitute for Ca2+ in the generation of action
      potentials but could not substitute for Ca2+ in the mechanisms responsible for
      the initial and delayed recovery phase of phenylephrine effects. In the presence
      of La3+ and Mn2+ (0.5 to 3 mmol.1-1) the phenylephrine effects were reduced. In
      contrast, in the presence of extracellular Ca2+, pretreatment with Mg2+ (12
      mmol.1-1) or Ba2+ (5 mmol.1-1) did not affect the action of phenylephrine. It is
      concluded that activation of alpha 1-adrenoceptors results in the release of Ca2+
      from an intracellular store, which leads to the opening od TEA-sensitive
      potassium channels, causing the initial phase of alpha 1-adrenoceptor action.
      Ca2+ is loaded into this intracellular store by entering the cell through the
      potential sensitive calcium channels. Although the mechanisms responsible for the
      delayed phase could not be clarified, its dependence on the presence of the
      initial phase is apparent.

PMID- 3396857
TI  - Potential clamp of isolated dialyzed neuron: minimalization of the effect of
      series resistance.
AB  - A modification of the technique of intracellular dialysis of isolated single
      excitable cells, such as rat spinal ganglion neuron, suitable for potential
      clamping of its somatic membrane is described. The advantage of the new
      modification is the substantial reduction of the effect of inherent resistance in
      series (RS) to the membrane resistance (RM) on precision of potential clamping.
      This is attained by reversal of cell position in the perfusion pipette resulting
      in an approximately tenfold reduction in the area of active membrane. The
      resistance of this area proportionally increased while RS remained unchanged.
      Hence the error in potential fixation, which is inversely proportional to the
      ratio RM/RS, is by approximately one order smaller with the new technique than
      with the original one. An essential step in the new technique is the osmotic
      expansion of the cell to improve the contact of the cell with the perfusion
      pipette in the pore and to facilitate disruption of the appropriate part of the
      membrane. All features and advantages of the technique of intracellular dialysis,
      such as simplicity, the possibility to easily change ionic composition of media,
      and/or to apply drugs to any side of the membrane in the same cell, etc., have
      been maintained.

PMID- 3396858
TI  - Paradoxical effects of La3+ on the Na+-loaded ureter and taenia coli smooth
      muscles of the guinea pig.

PMID- 3396859
TI  - Androgen regulation of murine beta-glucuronidase expression: identification and
      characterization of a nonresponse variant.
AB  - One of the major features of beta-glucuronidase (GUS) expression in inbred
      strains of the house mouse, Mus musculus, is the responsiveness of this enzyme to
      androgen stimulation in tubule cells of the kidney. Both GUS-specific and
      nonspecific mutations have been described which define genes that serve to
      control this response. During examination of the expression of GUS in the
      interbreeding subspecies, Mus hortulanus, a new GUS haplotype was uncovered that
      is characterized, in part, by a lack of GUS response to androgen stimulation in
      an apparently responsive kidney. Blot hybridization analyses of kidney RNA with a
      radiolabeled murine GUS cDNA shows this lack of response to be reflected in GUS
      mRNA levels. The difference in heat stability of GUS activity between M.
      hortulanus and a responsive inbred strain, ICR/Ha, was utilized to assess the
      contribution of each parent to kidney levels of GUS in androgen-treated and 
      untreated F1 progeny of these strains. The results, together with preliminary
      genetic studies, suggest that the element controlling this responsiveness (or the
      lack thereof) is cis-active and tightly linked to the GUS structural gene on
      chromosome 5. It is not known whether this element is identical to another GUS
      specific, cis-active element, Gus-r, which also controls the androgen response of
      GUS in mouse kidney.

PMID- 3396860
TI  - Conservative intrachromosomal recombination between inverted repeats in mouse
      cells: association between reciprocal exchange and gene conversion.
AB  - Recombination in mammalian cells is thought to involve both reciprocal and
      nonreciprocal modes of exchange, although rigorous proof is lacking due to the
      inability to recover all products of an exchange. To investigate further the
      relationship between these modes of exchange, we have analyzed intrachromosomal
      recombination between duplicated herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV tk)
      mutant alleles arranged as inverted repeats in cultured mouse L cells. In crosses
      between inverted repeats, a single intrachromatid reciprocal exchange leads to
      inversion of the sequence between the crossover sites and recovery of both genes
      involved in the event. The majority of recombinant products do not display such
      inversion and are thus consistent with a nonreciprocal mode of recombination
      (gene conversion). The remaining products display the sequence inversion
      predicted for intrachromatid reciprocal exchange. In light of the fact that
      intrachromatid exchanges occur, the rarity of intrachromatid double reciprocal
      exchanges strengthens the interpretation that the majority of events in this and
      previous investigations involve gene conversion. Furthermore, in accord with
      prediction, one-third of the reciprocal recombinants (inversions) display
      associated gene conversion. This association suggests that reciprocal and
      nonreciprocal modes of exchange are mechanistically related in mammalian cells.
      Finally, the occurrence of inversion recombinants suggests that intrachromosomal
      recombination can be a conservative (nondestructive) process.

PMID- 3396861
TI  - Sequence of three bronze alleles of maize and correlation with the genetic fine
      structure.
AB  - The genomic sequences of three bronze alleles from Zea mays, Bz-McC, Bz-W22 and
      bz-R, are presented together with their flanking sequences. The bronze locus
      encodes UDPglucose flavonoid glucosyl-transferase (UFGT), an anthocyanin
      biosynthetic enzyme. The wild-type alleles Bz-McC and Bz-W22 condition purple
      phenotypes in the seed and plant, while bz-R conditions a bronze color. A full
      length cDNA corresponding to the Bz-McC allele was cloned and sequenced. Primer
      extension and RNase protection experiments were used to verify the 5' end of the
      bronze transcript. The Bz-McC allele has a 1416-bp coding region, a 100-bp intron
      and an approximately 83-bp 5' leader. Upstream of the message initiation site the
      sequences CTAACT and AATAAA occupy the positions where the eukaryotic consensus
      CCAAT and TATA boxes are normally found. The alleles Bz-McC and bz-R each have
      different large insertions with characteristics of transposable elements in their
      5' flanking regions. The bz-R allele is distinguished by a 340-bp deletion
      starting within the intron and including 285 bp of the second exon. The Bz-McC
      and Bz-W22 isoalleles are known to differ in two genetically defined locations.
      The uts and uqv sites from the Bz-McC allele condition, respectively, lowered
      thermostability for the UFGT enzyme and increased amount of UFGT activity when
      compared with the corresponding sites in the Bz-W22 allele. The uts site maps to
      a region of the gene encoding two adjacent amino acid differences, either or both
      of which might alter the thermostability of the UFGT enzyme. The difference in
      UFGT levels conditioned by the uqv site is shown here to be correlated with
      variation in the bronze mRNA level. A likely cause of this decreased bronze mRNA
      level in Bz-W22 is a 6-bp duplication near the sequence CTAACT located 74 bp
      upstream of the bronze message initiation site. This region is therefore
      tentatively identified as the uqv site.

PMID- 3396862
TI  - HLA-sharing, recurrent spontaneous abortion, and the genetic hypothesis.
AB  - A number of studies indicates that there is a high sharing of HLA antigens in
      couples having recurrent spontaneous abortions. The genetic hypothesis to explain
      this phenomenon suggests that this fetal loss results from homozygosity of
      recessive lethal or deleterious alleles in gametic disequilibrium with HLA
      antigens. Theory predicting the lethality rate is derived when antigens are
      shared at one, two or three loci, given that the disequilibrium is absolute. In
      addition, the effects of partial disequilibrium, inbreeding, and segregation
      distortion on the lethal proportion are examined.

PMID- 3396863
TI  - Maternal-fetal interactions and the maintenance of HLA polymorphism.
AB  - There is some empirical evidence that a fetus with an HLA antigen not present in
      its mother has a higher survival than a fetus sharing antigens with its mother.
      We have developed both single locus and two-locus theoretical models to examine
      this mode of selection. First, this immunologically based model appears to have
      the potential to maintain many alleles at a single locus and to result in an
      excess of heterozygotes when selection is strong. Second, substantial gametic
      disequilibrium is maintained between alleles at two loci for this selection mode
      when recombination is that observed between HLA loci A, B, and DR. Overall, it
      appears that this mode of selection has the potential to strongly affect genetic
      variation in the HLA region.

PMID- 3396864
TI  - Evolution of bacterial transformation: is sex with dead cells ever better than no
      sex at all?
AB  - Computer simulations of bacterial transformation are used to show that, under a
      wide range of biologically reasonable assumptions, transforming populations
      undergoing deleterious mutation and selection have a higher mean fitness at
      equilibrium than asexual populations. The source of transforming DNA, the amount
      of DNA taken up by each transforming cell, and the relationship between number of
      mutations and cell viability (the fitness function) are important factors. When
      the DNA source is living cells, transformation resembles meiotic sex. When the
      DNA source is cells killed by selection against mutations, transformation
      increases the average number of mutations per genome but can nevertheless
      increase the mean fitness of the population at equilibrium. In a model of
      regulated transformation, in which the most fit cells of a transforming
      population do not transform, transforming populations are always fitter at
      equilibrium than asexual populations. These results show that transformation can
      reduce mutation load.

PMID- 3396866
TI  - Reciprocal exchanges instigated by large heterologies in the b2 gene of ascobolus
      are not associated with long adjacent hybrid DNA stretches.
AB  - In the gene b2 of Ascobolus immersus, large heterologies increase the frequencies
      of reciprocal exchanges on their upstream border (corresponding to the high non
      Mendelian segregation side). Tests were made to determine whether these
      reciprocal exchanges, instigated by large heterologies, resulted from the
      blockage of a Holliday junction bordering a hybrid DNA tract extending from the
      end of the gene to the heterology. Three types of experiments were performed to
      answer this question. In all cases, results did not correlate the presence of
      reciprocal exchanges instigated by large heterologies with the presence of
      adjacent hybrid DNA tracts. These reciprocal exchanges were rarely associated
      with postmeiotic segregation at upstream markers, they were not associated with
      gene conversion of a marker within the interval and their frequency was not
      decreased by decreasing the frequency of hybrid DNA formation in the gene. These
      results led to the proposal of the existence of a precursor to reciprocal
      exchange different from a single branch-migrating Holliday junction. This
      precursor migrates rightward and its migration is dependent on the DNA sequence
      homology. The existence of this precursor does not exclude that reciprocal
      exchanges resulting from the maturation of single Holliday junctions bordering
      adjacent hybrid DNA tracts could also occur.

PMID- 3396865
TI  - fog-2, a germ-line-specific sex determination gene required for hermaphrodite
      spermatogenesis in Caenorhabditis elegans.
AB  - This paper describes the isolation and characterization of 16 mutations in the
      germ-line sex determination gene fog-2 (fog for feminization of the germ line).
      In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans there are normally two sexes, self
      fertilizing hermaphrodites (XX) and males (XO). Wild-type XX animals are
      hermaphrodite in the germ line (spermatogenesis followed by oogenesis), and
      female in the soma. fog-2 loss-of-function mutations transform XX animals into
      females while XO animals are unaffected. Thus, wild-type fog-2 is necessary for
      spermatogenesis in hermaphrodites but not males. The fem genes and fog-1 are each
      essential for specification of spermatogenesis in both XX and XO animals. fog-2
      acts as a positive regulator of the fem genes and fog-1. The tra-2 and tra-3
      genes act as negative regulators of the fem genes and fog-1 to allow oogenesis.
      Two models are discussed for how fog-2 might positively regulate the fem genes
      and fog-1 to permit spermatogenesis; fog-2 may act as a negative regulator of tra
      2 and tra-3, or fog-2 may act positively on the fem genes and fog-1 rendering
      them insensitive to the negative action of tra-2 and tra-3.

PMID- 3396867
TI  - Hybrid DNA extension and reciprocal exchanges: alternative issues of an early
      intermediate during meiotic recombination?
AB  - Large heterologies in gene b2 strongly increase the frequencies of reciprocal
      exchanges on their left border, towards the high conversion end. In a previous
      study, we observed that heterozygous point mutations located in the high
      conversion end (region F) stimulate the reciprocal exchanges instigated by the
      large heterology 138. We have defined some properties of this stimulation. The
      effect does not depend on the nature of the large heterology used. It is
      effective only with point mutations located on the left side of the large
      heterology. It does not depend on the number of heterozygosities accumulated in
      region F. It is not specific on the location of point mutations in region F: it
      decreases from region F (left end) to region E (middle part of b2). It is
      correlated with the mismatch correction efficiencies of the point mutations used.
      It is not observed in the absence of a large heterology. Point mutation
      heterozygosities which stimulate reciprocal exchanges also decrease the frequency
      of HDNA formation in gene b2. We propose a model in which reciprocal exchanges on
      the one hand and hybrid DNA formation on the other hand correspond to alternative
      processings of a common recombination intermediate.

PMID- 3396868
TI  - The unc-22(IV) region of Caenorhabditis elegans: genetic analysis of lethal
      mutations.
AB  - The organization of essential genes in the unc-22 region, defined by the
      deficiency sDf2 on linkage group IV, has been studied. Using the balancer nT1
      (IV;V), which suppresses recombination over 49 map units, 294 lethal mutations on
      LGIV(right) and LGV(left) were recovered using EMS mutagenesis. Twenty-six of
      these mutations fell into the unc-22 region. Together with previously isolated
      lethal mutations, there is now a total of 63 lethal mutations which fall into 31
      complementation groups. Mutations were positioned on the map using eight
      overlapping deficiencies in addition to sDf2. The lethal alleles and deficiencies
      in the unc-22 region were characterized with respect to their terminal
      phenotypes. Mapping of these lethal mutations shows that sDf2 deletes a minimum
      of 1.8 map units and a maximum of 2.5 map units. A minimum estimate of essential
      gene number for the region using a truncated Poisson calculation is 48. The data
      indicate a minimum estimate of approximately 3500 essential genes in the
      Caenorhabditis elegans genome.

PMID- 3396869
TI  - Identification of a putative structural gene for cathepsin D in Caenorhabditis
      elegans.
AB  - Mutants of Caenorhabditis elegans having about 10% of wild-type activity of the
      aspartyl protease cathepsin D have been isolated by screening. Mutant homozygotes
      have normal growth rates and no obvious morphological or developmental
      abnormalities. The mutant gene (cad-1) has been mapped to the right extremity of
      linkage group II. Heterozygous animals (cad-1/+) show intermediate enzyme levels
      and animals heterozygous for chromosomal deficiencies of the right extremity of
      linkage group II have 50% of wild-type activity. Cathepsin D purified from a
      mutant strain has a lower activity per unit mass of pure enzyme. These data
      suggest that cad-1 is a structural gene for cathepsin D.

PMID- 3396871
TI  - [Distribution of chiasmas in the 2d and 6th chromosomes involved in Robertsonian
      translocations in male mice].
AB  - The distribution of chiasmata in 2 and 6 chromosomes in males homozygous for
      Rb(2.6)4Iem and Rb(8.17)1Iem was studied. Chiasmata were shown to distribute
      along chromosomes non-randomly, exchanges occurring in telomeric regions.
      Chiasmata distribution is substantially different for the cases of one and two
      chiasmata per bivalent. The main cause for these differences is supposed to be
      strong positive chiasmata interference (the position of the first chiasma may
      determine the position of the second one). The centromere blocks this effect, so
      chiasma in one arm does not interfere with that in the second arm. It has been
      shown that the frequency of double exchanges depended on not only the distance
      between markers under study, but also on marker position in the chromosome.

PMID- 3396870
TI  - X chromosome duplications affect a region of the chromosome they do not duplicate
      in Caenorhabditis elegans.
AB  - X chromosome duplications have been used previously to vary the dose of specific
      regions of the X chromosome to study dosage compensation and sex determination in
      Caenorhabditis elegans. We show here that duplications suppress and X-linked
      hypomorphic mutation and elevate the level of activity of an X-linked enzyme,
      although these two genes are located in a region of the X chromosome that is not
      duplicated. The effects do not depend on the region of the X chromosome
      duplicated and is stronger in strains with two doses of a duplication than in
      strains with one dose. This is evidence for a general elevation of X-linked gene
      expression in strains carrying X-chromosome duplications, consistent with the
      hypothesis that the duplications titrate a repressor acting on many X-linked
      genes.

PMID- 3396872
TI  - [Evaluation of genetic consequences of 238Pu incorporation into mammals].
AB  - The genetic effects of gonadal burdens of 238Pu after single injection were
      studied in male mice. The activity of plutonium was 7 to 1850 Bk/g. The average
      doses of accumulated alpha-particles in testis varied from 2 to 96 Gy.10(-2), the
      dose rate being 0.004 to 1 Gy.10(-2) per day. The genetic end points are: the
      dominant lethal mutation rate; the frequency of reciprocal translocations; the
      recessive lethal mutation rate and frequency of abnormal sperm head morphology.
      For all tests used, no linear dependence of the effect on the alpha-dose was
      observed. The RBE value of alpha-irradiation was 10-20 relative to chronic gamma
      irradiation.

PMID- 3396873
TI  - [Karyotypes of cattle (Bos taurus) and horses (Equus caballus) on the basis of
      synaptonemal complexes].
AB  - The cytogenetic study performed has shown that karyotyping of meiotic cells can
      be based on the synaptonemal complexes (SC) of spreading pachytene spermatocytes
      of bull and of horse. The horse SC karyotype has not been previously described. A
      comparison of the relative length of SC with metaphase chromosomes of bull and
      horse somatic cells has revealed the correspondence of the chromosome length in
      pachytene of meiosis and metaphase, which is in agreement with the data on house
      mouse and Chinese hamster. The method of spreading pachytene cells may be of
      great practical importance in studies of the fertility disturbances in farm
      animals.

PMID- 3396875
TI  - [Genetico-epidemiologic analysis of schizophrenia with a paroxysmal-progressive
      course].
AB  - The results of studying the causes of prevalence and clinical polymorphism of
      schizophrenia on the basis of epidemiological selection of probands with
      paroxysmal-progredient form (211 families) have been presented in this paper. The
      analysis of multifactorial threshold and monolocus diallele models of factors of
      schizophrenia prevalence among relatives and in a population allowed to ground
      the hypothesis of the main gene. The characteristic manifestation is paroxysmal
      course of the process with small progredience and great specific weight of
      affective disorders. The increase of heterozygous genotype penetrance is linked
      to constitutional (somatotype, peculiarities of premorbid personality) and
      environmental (alcohol excesses, psychogenia) factors of probands.

PMID- 3396874
TI  - [Genetics and phenogenetics of hormonal characteristics of animals. VIII.
      Analysis of the variability of the corticosteroid function of the adrenal cortex
      of silver foxes during their domestication].
AB  - The contribution of genetic and environmental components in phenotype variety of
      corticosteroid adrenal function was studied in undomesticated and domesticated
      silver foxes during postnatal ontogenesis. The variation of basal and stress
      plasma corticosteroid level in animals aged 2, 4, 6, 8 months and in vitro
      secretion of the adrenal gland at the age 8 months was analysed. Significant
      genotype-depended variability was only demonstrated in undomesticated foxes under
      stress stimulation conditions. This phenomenon is manifested from the fourth
      month of life. However, significant genotype-depended variability was already
      revealed under basal conditions in domesticated foxes, on initial steps of
      postnatal ontogenesis. The peculiarities of genetic variability of adrenocortical
      function in foxes selected for domestication are discussed.

PMID- 3396876
TI  - [Clinico-genetic analysis of congenital biliary atresia].
AB  - Clinical and genetic analysis of 148 cases of biliary atresia identified in our
      patients and the literature data allowed to establish the genetic heterogeneity
      for these congenital malformations, determine the contribution of congenital
      syndromes to their origin and estimate empirical risk for probands sibs. Possible
      reasons for a high (9.8%) recurrent risk in sibs of the patients with
      intrahepatic biliary atresia are discussed. Special examination of probands and
      their parents to differentiate risk and evaluate the possibility of prenatal
      diagnosis is proposed. A supposedly "new" syndrome with autosomal recessive mode
      of inheritance associated with extrahepatic biliary atresia is reported.

PMID- 3396877
TI  - The baboon beta-myosin heavy-chain gene: construction and characterization of
      cDNA clones and gene expression in cardiac tissues.
AB  - We have constructed a cDNA library from baboon ventricle and have used a rabbit
      beta-myosin heavy chain (beta-MHC) cDNA probe to isolate cross-hybridizing
      clones. The nucleotide sequence of one such clone, lambda BMHC beta 14, contains
      a portion of the coding region of the light meromyosin (LMM) region and the 3'
      untranslated region of the baboon ventricular MHC. This cDNA clone is identified
      as containing beta-MHC sequences on the basis of similarity with the 3'
      untranslated regions of beta-MHC genes from man (96% homologous) and rat (71%
      homologous), and dissimilarity with the 3'-untranslated region of the rat alpha
      MHC gene (25% homologous). Alignment and comparison of the baboon cDNA nucleotide
      sequence with a human cDNA sequence reveal two amino acid substitutions in the
      LMM region that cause differences in their hydrophilicity profiles. These
      differences may alter MHC functions such as filament assembly. We have used
      baboon beta-MHC cDNA clones to construct probes for S1 nuclease protection
      studies to detect and to distinguish cardiac MHC gene transcripts in baboon
      ventricle, atrium, and diaphragm. As in human tissues, beta-MHC gene transcripts
      are detected in RNA from baboon ventricle and diaphragm. In baboon atrium, we
      detect beta-MHC gene transcripts as well as transcripts that may represent
      expression of the alpha-MHC gene. This study represents the first examination of
      cardiac MHC genes and gene expression in tissues from a large mammal that is
      closely related to man.

PMID- 3396878
TI  - Tissue-specific regulation of guinea pig lipoprotein lipase; effects of
      nutritional state and of tumor necrosis factor on mRNA levels in adipose tissue,
      heart and liver.
AB  - Levels of mRNA for lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in guinea pig epididymal adipose
      tissue, heart and liver were determined by dot blot analysis of total RNA using a
      cDNA probe complementary to the coding region, and compared to the LPL activity.
      For adipose tissue we also measured the incorporation of radioactivity into
      immunoprecipitable LPL after pulse-labeling with [35S]methionine. LPL activity
      was 93%, LPL mRNA 82% and LPL synthesis 85% lower in epididymal fat pads from
      animals fasted for 48 h compared to rigorously fed animals. In contrast, neither
      LPL activity nor LPL mRNA levels differed in heart. A single dose of tumor
      necrosis factor (TNF) decreased LPL activity and LPL mRNA in fat pads with no
      effects in heart. In the liver, TNF caused a marked increase in LPL mRNA levels,
      which are normally very low. Northern-blot analysis confirmed a previous
      observation that the patterns of mRNA species differ between heart, in which a
      3.8-kb mRNA dominates, and adipose tissue, in which the LPL mRNAs of 3.3 and 2.1
      kb occur in similar abundance as the 3.8-kb species.

PMID- 3396879
TI  - Instructions for the CLONING program.
AB  - These instructions for CLONING were developed to assist the user in understanding
      the operation of the program [Aldea and Kushner, Gene 65 (1988) 111-116]. The
      program provides a computational tool that performs cloning simulations using IBM
      PC/XT/AT or compatible microcomputers. The design of new recombinant molecules is
      a totally interactive process.

PMID- 3396880
TI  - Expression of rubella virus cDNA coding for the structural proteins.
AB  - A cDNA clone encoding the precursor polypeptide (Mr 115,000) to the nucleocapsid
      C (Mr 30,000) and two envelope glycoproteins E1 (Mr 58,000) and E2 (Mr 42,000
      47,000) of rubella virus was inserted into a simian virus 40-derived eukaryotic
      expression vector. When the plasmid was introduced into COS cells, three proteins
      were synthesized. The expressed proteins were antigenically similar and identical
      in size to the authentic structural proteins of rubella virus. Expression in the
      presence of tunicamycin confirmed that E1 and E2 are glycoproteins.
      Unglycosylated E1 and E2 had Mrs of about 53,000 and 30,000, respectively. The
      mobility of the nucleocapsid protein was unaffected by tunicamycin. The locations
      of the translation start and stop codons for synthesis of the precursor to the
      structural proteins of rubella virus were determined by in vitro and in vivo
      expression studies. It was found that the first AUG codon at the 5' end of the
      rubella virus 24S cDNA acts as a start codon for translation. The stop codon was
      found to be 3183 bp from the start codon.

PMID- 3396881
TI  - Establishment of the nuclear location of Dictyostelium discoideum plasmids.
AB  - The nuclear location of the Dictyostelium discoideum plasmids was studied using a
      biochemical approach based on the presence of plasmid sequences in nucleosomes.
      This analysis revealed that all four of the known plasmids (Ddp1, Ddp2, Ddp3,
      Ddp5) are present in chromatin. This evidence establishes that the D. discoideum
      plasmids are not cytoplasmic but located in the nucleus. D. discoideum is unique
      among eukaryotes in possessing a group of nonhomologous endogenous plasmids in
      its nucleus. These plasmids are excellent starting material for construction of
      nuclear transformation and expression vectors. Such vectors upon transformation
      into D. discoideum are also present in chromatin as expected for DNA located in
      the nucleus.

PMID- 3396883
TI  - [Hygienic evaluation of the nature of the combined action of SO2, NO2, NO and ash
      as atmospheric pollutants].

PMID- 3396882
TI  - Plastocyanin of Arabidopsis thaliana; isolation and characterization of the gene
      and chloroplast import of the precursor protein.
AB  - A genomic clone encoding the plastocyanin precursor was isolated from an
      Arabidopsis thaliana lambda EMBL3 library, with the help of a heterologous
      hybridization probe. The nucleotide (nt) sequence encoding the 171-amino acid
      precursor protein and 650 bp of the 5'-flanking region were determined. S1
      nuclease mapping showed the Arabidopsis coding region to be uninterrupted and the
      transcript to possess an untranslated leader of approx. 30 nt. The 5' region of
      the gene contains a 25-bp direct repeat at a distance of 300 bp upstream from the
      ATG start codon. Southern analysis of several genomic digests shows the presence
      of a single copy of the plastocyanin gene in the Arabidopsis genome. In vitro
      synthesized pre-plastocyanin was used in import experiments with isolated pea
      chloroplasts. Plastocyanin was correctly directed to the thylakoid lumen and
      processed to the mature size. A clear single processing intermediate, as was
      found with the import of Silene pratensis pre-plastocyanin, seems to be absent.

PMID- 3396885
TI  - [Prognosis of asbestosis morbidity in female workers manufacturing asbestos].

PMID- 3396884
TI  - [Hygienic establishment of the maximum permissible fluorine content in the soil
      as the basis for preventing anthropogenic fluorosis foci].

PMID- 3396886
TI  - [The health-hygiene and medical problems of serving tourists].

PMID- 3396887
TI  - [Testing the usefulness of an erythrocyte immunoglobulin diagnostic agent for
      assessing the levels of the protein paprin in the air].

PMID- 3396888
TI  - [Child and adolescent hygiene: the first steps of perestroika].

PMID- 3396890
TI  - [Determination of chrysanthemic acid and its ethyl ester in the air of a work
      area].

PMID- 3396889
TI  - [Gas chromatographic determination of acrolein in complex gas mixtures].

PMID- 3396891
TI  - [Photometric determination of N,N'-methylene-bis-(beta-vinylsulfonylpropionamide)
      in the air].

PMID- 3396892
TI  - [Gas chromatographic determination of 2,4-dichlorotoluene in water].

PMID- 3396893
TI  - [Methodological aspects of the approval of work places for schoolchildren in
      basic industries based on physiological and health criteria].

PMID- 3396894
TI  - [Determination of trace amounts of methyl bromide in polymers intended for
      medical use].

PMID- 3396896
TI  - [Apropos of B. M. Stabskii's article "The concept of the time-differentiated
      MPELs of harmful substances in relation to the problem of the sanitary protection
      of reservoirs"].

PMID- 3396895
TI  - [Modification of a method for determining formic acid in biological media].

PMID- 3396897
TI  - [Individual portable combined-action units with a halogen-containing disinfectant
      -a new class of units for water purification].

PMID- 3396898
TI  - [Establishment of the maximum permissible concentration of
      polydimethyldiallylammonium chloride in reservoir water].

PMID- 3396899
TI  - [Hygienic establishment of maximum permissible concentrations of surface-active
      agents of the propylene trimer-based neonol group in reservoir water].

PMID- 3396900
TI  - [Functional and morphological liver changes in chronic exposure to the pesticide
      ricid II and its synthetic product O,O-diisopropyl phosphite].

PMID- 3396901
TI  - [Standardization in the prevention of soil pollution].

PMID- 3396902
TI  - [Hygienic establishment of the maximum permissible concentration of semeron in
      the soil].

PMID- 3396904
TI  - [Evaluation of the function of the cardiovascular system in adolescents mastering
      the basic agricultural professions in special vocational and technical schools].

PMID- 3396903
TI  - [Functional indices of the cardiovascular system of adolescent girls studying at
      vocational and technical schools].

PMID- 3396905
TI  - [The functional status of pupils mastering the job of instrument operator in the
      petrochemical industry].

PMID- 3396906
TI  - [The status of scientific information on child and adolescent hygiene].

PMID- 3396907
TI  - [The role of physical exercises for the hand in promoting speech correction and
      improving the motor habits of preschoolers].

PMID- 3396908
TI  - [Lysosomal hydrolase activity in the liver of rats with chronic sulfocarbathione
      poisoning].

PMID- 3396909
TI  - [Experimental assessment of the action of the preparation gidrel by morphological
      indices].

PMID- 3396910
TI  - [Toxicological evaluation of N-N'-dithiodimorpholine].

PMID- 3396911
TI  - The use of religion and other emotion-regulating coping strategies among older
      adults.

PMID- 3396912
TI  - Intrainstitutional relocation: mortality effects.

PMID- 3396913
TI  - Agency-assisted shared housing: the nature of programs and matches.

PMID- 3396914
TI  - Community resistance to planned housing for the elderly: ageism or general
      antipathy to group housing?

PMID- 3396915
TI  - Aging and the desire for information and input in medical decisions: patient
      consumerism in medical encounters.

PMID- 3396917
TI  - Family perceptions of care in a nursing home.

PMID- 3396916
TI  - Informed consent for research in a nursing home: processes and issues.

PMID- 3396918
TI  - Geriatric health teams: classifying models of professional and team functioning.

PMID- 3396919
TI  - Alzheimer's stress: coping with the caregiving role.

PMID- 3396920
TI  - Family burden of demented and depressed elderly psychiatric inpatients.

PMID- 3396921
TI  - The Alzheimer's disease knowledge test.

PMID- 3396923
TI  - The value of transtelephonic cardiac monitoring in home health care.

PMID- 3396922
TI  - A well elderly program: an intergenerational model in medical education.

PMID- 3396924
TI  - Facilitative communication skills training: social support for elderly people.

PMID- 3396925
TI  - [The reorganization of planning and management of research on the problem of
      scientific principles of work hygiene and occupational pathology].

PMID- 3396926
TI  - [Effect of various parameters of working movements on the degree of muscular
      stress and fatigue in regional loads].

PMID- 3396927
TI  - [The degree of stress and fatigue of the neuromuscular system of the hands and
      shoulder girdle in female shoemakers working on sewing machines of different
      constructions].

PMID- 3396928
TI  - [Causes of health disorders in welders in the shipbuilding industry].

PMID- 3396929
TI  - [Comparative social and hygienic evaluation of the work of male and female
      grinders in the machine-manufacturing industry].

PMID- 3396930
TI  - [Free radical lipid oxidation and serum enzyme activity in workers in potassium
      mines].

PMID- 3396931
TI  - [Angiographic examinations in vibration disease].

PMID- 3396932
TI  - [Characteristics of the effect of impulse local vibration on the body].

PMID- 3396933
TI  - [Hygienic evaluation of occupational noise and vibration in relation to the
      exposure and dose].

PMID- 3396934
TI  - [Organization of medical examination of industrial workers in the annual mass
      screening of the whole population (the use of graphs and algorithms)].

PMID- 3396935
TI  - [The role of occupational hygienists in conducting and organizing periodic
      medical check-ups of coal miners].

PMID- 3396936
TI  - [Degenerative changes in the spine of persons exposed to transportation and
      technological vibration].

PMID- 3396937
TI  - [Effect of the degree of automatization of the technological process on the work
      burden of blacksmiths].

PMID- 3396938
TI  - [Effects of noise and vibration in the conditions of high-stress work].

PMID- 3396939
TI  - [Toxic effect of methacrylonitrile on the body of experimental animals after
      chronic exposure].

PMID- 3396941
TI  - [Various problems of occupational hygiene in coal mining using biodegrading
      reagents].

PMID- 3396940
TI  - ["Time of lowest resistance" of the body exposed to trichlorometaphos-3].

PMID- 3396942
TI  - [The problems of occupational hygiene in railroad transportation].

PMID- 3396943
TI  - [Progress in research on occupational hygiene of medical personnel in the USSR].

PMID- 3396944
TI  - The British Society of Gastroenterology. 1988 spring meeting. Leicester.
      Abstracts.

PMID- 3396945
TI  - Lactosylceramide in inflammatory bowel disease: a biochemical study.
AB  - A simple technique for isolating lipids from small pieces of tissue was applied
      to mucosal biopsies and samples of resected intestine from patients with
      inflammatory bowel disease. Scanning densitometry of two dimensional
      chromatograms showed increased concentrations of the membrane associated
      glycosphingolipid lactosylceramide in Crohn's disease, on comparison with
      ulcerative colitis (p less than 0.01), or controls (p less than 0.01). This
      indicates either that normal glycosphingolipid metabolism is altered, or that a
      novel source of lactosylceramide is present in the inflamed mucosa of patients
      with Crohn's disease.

PMID- 3396946
TI  - Perforating and non-perforating indications for repeated operations in Crohn's
      disease: evidence for two clinical forms.
AB  - The surgical indications in 770 patients with Crohn's disease undergoing
      intestinal resection at The Mount Sinai Hospital from 1960-83 have been reviewed.
      Surgical indications were divided into two principal categories: 375 cases with
      perforating indications and 395 cases non-perforating. Among 292 patients who
      underwent second operations for recurrent Crohn's disease, the indications for
      second operation were closely dependent on the indication for primary resection.
      Second operations were undertaken for perforating indications much more often
      among cases where the initial indication had been perforating, than among those
      whose initial indications had been non-perforating (73% v 29%, p less than
      0.00001). This trend to similarities in the indications which bring patients to
      surgery was maintained within each anatomical category of Crohn's disease and
      even between second and third operations (p less than 0.001). Operations for
      perforating indications were followed by reoperation approximately twice as fast
      as operations for non-perforating indications, whether going from first to second
      operation (perforating 4.7 v non-perforating 8.8 years, p less than 0.001), or
      from second to third (perforating 2.3 v non-perforating 5.2 years, p less than
      0.005). Crohn's disease thus seems to occur in two different clinical patterns,
      independent of anatomic distribution. These are a relatively aggressive
      perforating type and a more indolent non-perforating type, which tend to retain
      their identities between repeated operations and to influence the speed with
      which reoperation occurs.

PMID- 3396947
TI  - Pathogenesis of postantibiotic diarrhoea caused by Clostridium difficile: an in
      vitro study in the rabbit intestine.
AB  - To elucidate the pathophysiological changes leading to postantibiotic diarrhoea
      caused by Clostridium difficile and its cytotoxin, oral ampicillin was given to
      rabbits, and jejunal, ileal, and caecal segments of those that developed
      diarrhoea were investigated in vitro. The rabbits that, in response to treatment,
      harboured Clostridium difficile in their colonic lumen were studied, and the
      results expressed according to the presence or absence of Clostridium difficile
      and/or its cytotoxin. Thus, we refer to either CD+ or CD- segments. The influx of
      glucose, phenylalanine, glycylphenylalanine, and lysine across the brush border
      of jejunum and ileum of CD+ segments was severely impaired, while only slightly
      blunted in CD-. No significant change was detected in the influx of glutamic acid
      in the jejunum of all treated animals and in the CD- ilea. Morphologic damage in
      ileum and caecum of CD+ was also more evident than in CD-. Transepithelial ion
      transport across short circuited ileal mucosa (CD+ and CD-) revealed secretory
      changes in Cl net transport that were more marked in CD-. We conclude that: (1)
      Clostridium difficile may also colonise the upper intestinal tract, where it
      induces morphological and functional damage, severely impairing nutrient
      absorption; and (2) the ileum contributes to the diarrhoea caused by CD even when
      the micro-organism is confined to the more distal gut by showing moderate
      impairment of nutrient absorption and marked electrolyte secretion.

PMID- 3396949
TI  - Manovolumetry: a new method for investigation of anorectal function.
AB  - A new technique for manovolumetric investigation of rectoanal function allowing
      for simultaneous recording of rectal volume, anal pressure and external sphincter
      EMG in response to graded rectal distension was developed. Distension pressure
      was generated by a water column between two reservoirs. Volume was recorded as
      shifts of water between the reservoirs. Anal pressure was recorded with a
      cylindrical balloon and electromyographic activity of the external sphincter by
      means of a needle electrode. It could be shown that although reduction of preset
      pressure was minimal, this factor had to be taken into account when rectal
      compliance is high. The position of the patients during the investigation has to
      be defined, because rectal volume changed with body position. Pull through
      studies of anal pressure indicated low sensitivity to displacement of the
      cylindrical anal probe. A pressure adaptation to the anal probe during eight
      minutes was noted. Representative recordings of the anorectal response to
      different isobaric pressures are presented. The present system offers new
      possibilities for investigation of rectoanal physiology in man.

PMID- 3396948
TI  - Breath methane and large bowel cancer risk in contrasting African populations.
AB  - Breath methane has been measured in 1016 people from four populations resident in
      Southern Africa which experience widely different risks of bowel cancer and other
      colonic diseases. Highly significant differences in the proportion of subjects
      with detectable methane in breath were found; % producers--rural black 84, urban
      black 72, white 52, Indian 41 (chi 2 121 p less than 0.001 3 df). There was a
      slight preponderance of female producers over male (female producers 63%, males
      57%) and an age trend with fewer producers in the older age groups in the urban
      blacks and Indians, these comparisons being significant when tested by stepwise
      logistic regression analysis. Bowel cancer risk, determined from a variety of
      sources, was lowest in rural blacks, greatest in whites, with intermediate rates
      for urban blacks and Indians. Methane production in the human colon shows
      significant interethnic differences but which bear no relation to bowel cancer
      risk in these populations.

PMID- 3396950
TI  - Motor pattern of the left colon before and after surgery for rectal cancer:
      possible implications in other disorders.
AB  - The motility of the descending colon was studied in nine patients before and
      after resection of the rectum for cancer. This operation parasympathectomises and
      generally also sympathectomises the remaining left colon. Motor activity was
      significantly reduced by sleep before and after surgery. There was also a
      reduction in awake motility after surgery which is attributed to extrinsic
      denervation. The reduced motility may explain the increased frequency of motions
      passed after surgery.

PMID- 3396951
TI  - Effects of cimetidine and carbenoxolone on gastric mucus.
AB  - The effect of cimetidine on normal human gastric mucus has been compared with
      that of carbenoxolone, a drug believed to enhance mucus production. Each drug was
      given for two weeks, the gastric contents aspirated over a timed period and the
      results assessed in unstimulated and pentagastrin stimulated secretions. The
      volume, dry weight and the carbohydrate contents of non-diffusable
      glycoconjugates, high molecular mass glycoproteins and glycopolypeptides were
      investigated. Both drugs reduced the volumes of stimulated secretions. This was
      statistically significant after cimetidine. More importantly neither drug
      affected the amount of non-diffusable glycoconjugates, so that the concentration
      remained the same or increased. Both drugs reduced the monosaccharide content of
      the high molecular mass fractions. This reached significance for the stimulated
      secretion after cimetidine. As the carbohydrate content of the glycopolypeptides
      was unchanged this indicated the presence of a non-mucin glycoprotein or protein.
      Overall there was no fundamental difference between the results for cimetidine
      and carbenoxolone.

PMID- 3396953
TI  - Chronic hepatitis in childhood: the spectrum of the disease.
AB  - During a multicentre study of chronic hepatitis in childhood diagnosed by biopsy,
      the spectrum of the disease has been evaluated in 196 consecutive patients,
      including 157 from Northern Italy and 39 from Southern Italy. Only 31% of
      patients in the former group and 27% in the latter were symptomatic when first
      seen: the majority of cases being seen after familial screenings for hepatitis B
      virus (HBV) markers or during intercurrent infections, thus suggesting that the
      frequency of chronic hepatitis in childhood might be largely underestimated in
      our area. In Southern and Northern Italy 83% of symptomatic and 95% of
      asymptomatic patients were hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive in serum;
      only 15 (8.3%) of these children were born to mothers known to be HBsAg positive
      at delivery, but a high circulation of HBV was found in their families: in fact
      more than 65% of household contacts in Northern Italy and more than 90% in
      Southern Italy had serological evidence of past or ongoing HBV infection. These
      data indicate that, although familial screenings for HBV could have enhanced the
      percentage of HBsAg positive asymptomatic cases, chronic hepatitis in Italian
      children is mainly caused by HBV infection acquired in the familial setting
      through horizontal transmission. Such findings also emphasise the importance of
      mass vaccination of infants as the most effective means to prevent chronic type B
      hepatitis in childhood in our area. Among HBsAg positive children 55% had
      histological features of chronic active hepatitis and 85% were hepatitis Be
      antigen (HBeAg) positive in serum. Anti-HBe positive hepatitis was significantly
      more frequent in Southern than in Northern Italy in parallel with the
      significantly higher prevalence (17%) of hepatitis delta virus infection in that
      area. Of the 16 HBsAg negative cases included in the study three had autoimmune
      hepatitis, three Wilson's disease, one alpha1 antitrypsin deficiency, and nine
      had cryptogenic hepatitis, often associated to mild liver lesions resembling
      those seen in our adult patients with chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis unrelated to
      percutaneous exposure.

PMID- 3396952
TI  - Recurrence and re-recurrence of gall stones after medical dissolution: a longterm
      follow up.
AB  - One hundred patients with radiolucent gall stones less than or equal to 1.5 cm in
      functioning gall bladders have received oral bile acid dissolution therapy since
      1975. Complete data are available on 93 who have received at least six months'
      treatment. The complete dissolution rate in appropriately selected patients who
      complied with and tolerated an adequate course of treatment was 55%. By life
      table analysis the recurrence rates were 13% at one year, 21% at two years, 31%
      at three years, and 43% at four years. Thereafter the recurrence rate levelled
      out, being 49% at 11 years. Redissolution was achieved in all seven patients who
      had a second course of therapy, but was usually followed by re-recurrence.
      Patients whose gall stones recurred did not differ significantly from those who
      remained stone free with respect to age, sex, body weight, or time required for
      dissolution.

PMID- 3396954
TI  - Invasive amoebiasis: an unusual presentation.
AB  - A 63 year old Asian woman who presented with three week's abdominal pain was
      found to have a hard right iliac fossa mass and rectal ulceration. Profuse rectal
      bleeding necessitated a laparotomy. An inflammatory paracaecal mass with fistulae
      involving appendix, small bowel, and bladder was excised with exteriorisation of
      the bowel ends. Microscopy showed invasive amoebae. Re-anastomosis was
      successfully done after treatment with metronidazole and diloxanide. There are no
      previous reports of a paracaecal amoeboma with fistulae to either the appendix,
      or urinary bladder.

PMID- 3396956
TI  - Peptic ulceration and phenylketonuria: a possible link?
AB  - We report five cases of peptic ulceration in patients with classical
      phenylketonuria and suggest that there may be a causal relationship between the
      two conditions.

PMID- 3396955
TI  - Devastating diarrhoea caused by azathioprine: management difficulty in
      inflammatory bowel disease.
AB  - Azathioprine toxicity complicated the management of four patients with
      inflammatory bowel disease. All patients received the drug as adjunctive therapy
      to steroids when responses to the latter were poor. After a variable sensitising
      period the patients developed severe diarrhoea and abdominal pain and this was
      believed at first to be a manifestation of their underlying diseases but
      rechallenge with azathioprine reproduced the problem. During three episodes
      described emergency admission to hospital and resuscitation with intravenous
      fluids was required. The cases illustrate the difficulty clinicians have in
      recognising drug induced effects which mimic the underlying disease. When a
      patient suspects a reaction to azathioprine we believe any rechallenge should
      only be undertaken in the controlled hospital environment.

PMID- 3396957
TI  - Lymphokine activated killer cell activity in patients with GI cancer.

PMID- 3396958
TI  - An epidemic of pseudomembraneous colitis or simply a nosocomial case clustering.

PMID- 3396959
TI  - Olsalazine and GI transit in UC.

PMID- 3396960
TI  - Computer aided positioning of manometric probe in the upper digestive tract.
AB  - A method not needing fluoroscopic control for positioning a manometric probe in
      the gastroduodenal tract is described. It is based on hydrostatic pressure
      variations occurring at each recording port of a multichannel perfused probe
      after changes in patient's position. The data are fed into a computer and the
      schematic representation of the probe showing its position and direction appear
      on the CRT screen. The results were visually and mathematically compared with
      those obtained with fluoroscopy and showed good correspondence between the two
      techniques in identification of the position of the probe.

PMID- 3396961
TI  - Intestinal permeability.

PMID- 3396962
TI  - Studies of the oesophageal clearance responses to intraluminal acid.
AB  - Contraction of the upper oesophageal sphincter combined with secondary
      peristalsis clears the oesophagus of refluxed gastric contents and protects the
      trachea, but the nature of these reflex stimuli remains controversial. Secondary
      peristaltic and sphincteric responses were measured during intraluminal infusion
      of 0.1 N hydrochloric acid and equiosmolar saline solutions in seven normal
      volunteers. Responses to a single volume infused at varying sites in the
      oesophagus and to progressively increasing volumes of test solution were
      measured. In addition oesophageal responses to similar degrees of distension
      induced by inflation of an intraluminal balloon were also recorded. The
      sphincteric responses to both stimuli were similar, decreasing in value with
      distance from the sphincter from values of 70 (68-85) mmHg (median (range] for
      HCl; and 70 (55-85) mmHg for NaCl at 5 cm below the sphincter to 40 (30-60) mmHg
      for both HCl and NaCl at 20 cm. As the volume of the solution infused into the
      proximal oesophagus was increased, the sphincter pressure also rose from a median
      basal value of 30 (25-50) mmHg to 40 (30-50) mmHg for HCl and NaCl after 1 ml,
      while after 7 ml infusion, the responses were greater, 65 (45-85) mmHg for HCl,
      and 60 (45-80) mmHg for NaCl. In the more distal oesophagus, responses were
      qualitatively similar but quantitatively smaller than proximally, being 30 (25
      40) mmHg for HCl and 30 (25-50) mmHg for NaCl following 1 ml and 45 (40-55) mmHg
      for HCl and NaCl after 7 ml. Secondary peristalsis was also induced equally by
      both solutions and varied with volumes infused and site of infusion in a manner
      similar to the sphincter responses. After a 7 ml/min acid infusion 14 (1- 40)
      secondary contractions/three min were recorded at 5 cm and eight (2 - 18)/three
      min were recorded at 20 cm. Values for saline were similar, 13 (1- 38)/three min
      at 5 cm and eight (4 - 25)/three min at 20 cm. Oesophageal distension by a
      balloon positioned 10 cm below the sphincter induced identical clearance
      responses to those seen after similar volumes of either acid or saline infused at
      the same site. These results suggest that the principal stimulus for upper
      oesophageal clearance is intraluminal distension and do not support the idea that
      the oesophagus is pH sensitive.

PMID- 3396963
TI  - Reproducibility of ambulatory oesophageal pH monitoring.
AB  - To evaluate the reproducibility of ambulatory 24 hour intraoesophageal pH
      monitoring, 20 patients were randomly selected to undergo two consecutive
      investigations. Fifteen patients were classified as either abnormal, or normal on
      both test days. The amount of acid reflux, expressed as percentage of time with
      oesophageal pH below 4.0 during the two 24 hour periods, showed 77% concordance.
      The upright and recumbent periods of measurement showed different degrees of
      concordance: 83% and 62%, respectively. The reproducibility during time periods
      of different length was found to increase with increasing length of day time pH
      recording. A 16 hour period during evening and night had a reproducibility of
      only 58%, however. It is concluded that there is fairly good reproducibility when
      measuring gastro-oesophageal reflux over 24 hours, but that the reproducibility
      is poorer at night, during the postprandial period and when daytime monitoring is
      shorter than 10 hours.

PMID- 3396964
TI  - Campylobacter pylori in a sample of Finnish population: relations to morphology
      and functions of the gastric mucosa.
AB  - The occurrence of Campylobacter pylori (CP) was examined in 179 subjects
      representing a sample collected from the population of South Finland. In a normal
      antral and body mucosa CP was present in 5% and 11% and in superficial gastritis
      (SG) in 71% and 91% of subjects, respectively. In atrophic gastritis (AG) of
      antrum and body the prevalence of CP decreased significantly with an increasing
      degree of atrophy, so that CP was not found in severe body AG. Different
      combinations of antral and body gastritis revealed a characteristic pattern.
      Campylobacter pylori was lacking when antral and body mucosa were normal, but was
      present in 41% when normal mucosa was associated with gastritis in the opposite
      area. In SG affecting diffusely antrum and body, the bacterium was present in
      every case, but when SG was associated with AG in the opposite area it was
      lacking in 29% of the subjects. When SG affecting both areas was compared with SG
      accompanied by different degrees of AG in the body, there was a highly
      significant decrease of the prevalence of CP in antrum and body along with an
      increasing degree of AG in the body. This decrease showed a highly significant
      positive correlation with the acid output. On the whole, acid output correlated
      well with the occurrence of CP in both antrum and body. Thus the prevalence of CP
      was 10% in achlorhydria and rose up to 100% in cases with acid output above 30
      mmol/h. The presence of CP did not correlate with signs of acute inflammation,
      but correlated significantly with those of chronic inflammation. No correlation
      was found in the antrum and a significant negative one in the body, between CP
      infestation and the extension of intestinal metaplasia. It is concluded that
      increased pH of gastric contents and mucus secreted by intestinalised glands may
      create unfavourable conditions for survival of the bacteria and might explain the
      decrease in the prevalence of CP in the more severe degrees of AG. The present
      results, however, give no definite answer to the question of the pathogenic
      significance of CP in the development of chronic gastritis.

PMID- 3396965
TI  - Immunoglobulin containing cells in terminal ileum and colorectum of patients with
      arthritis related gut inflammation.
AB  - In 40 distal ileal and 40 colonic biopsies of arthritic patients mostly without
      gastrointestinal symptoms, but with histological evidence of acute or chronic
      inflammation of the gut, the number of immunoglobulin (Ig) containing plasma
      cells was studied morphometrically using a peroxidase antiperoxidase technique.
      Compared with controls, the ileal mucosal biopsies showed an increase of IgA and
      IgG in acute ileitis. In chronic ileitis there was an increase of IgA, IgG, and
      IgM similar to Crohn's disease. In colonic biopsies there was a significant
      increase of all immunoglobulin classes in acute inflammation. In chronic inflamed
      mucosa there was also an increase of all three Ig classes. The Ig distribution,
      however, was significantly different in acute and chronic colitis. These findings
      give immunohistochemical evidence of the existence of two different types of
      inflammation related to reactive arthritis or the peripheral joint involvement of
      ankylosing spondylitis. The Ig pattern in acute colitis is similar to that found
      in infectious colitis, suggesting an enterobacterial origin of the arthritis in
      this group of patients although bacteriological and serological investigations
      were negative. In the chronic type of arthritis related ileocolitis, the pattern
      of Ig containing cells is similar to that found in Crohn's disease but different
      from infectious and ulcerative colitis, which makes the hypothesis that a great
      number of these arthritis patients suffer from asymptomatic or subclinical
      Crohn's disease acceptable.

PMID- 3396966
TI  - Initiation of motility in canine ileum by short chain fatty acids and inhibition
      by pharmacological agents.
AB  - We have previously shown that short chain fatty acids (SCFA) stimulate motility
      in the canine ileum. Concentrations of SCFA in the ileum are normally low but
      would be expected to increase after coloileal reflux; thus, this phenomenon could
      have pathophysiological relevance. The present studies were designed to seek
      pharmacological means by which this response could be blocked. Four dogs were
      prepared with isolated, ileocolonic fistulae into which physiological
      concentrations of SCFA could be instilled so as to stimulate ileal motility.
      Pretreatment of the ileum with topical lidocaine abolished the response to
      luminal SCFA but general anaesthesia did not. Indomethacin stimulated ileal
      motility and prostacyclin abolished the ileal response to SCFA. Naloxone and a
      calcium channel blocker also negated the response to SCFA; blockage of
      muscarinic, adrenergic and 5H-T receptors did not. We conclude that the motor
      response to SCFA is probably a local neural reflex which is sensitive to local
      anaesthetics, opiates and the prostanoids.

PMID- 3396967
TI  - Neurophysiological dysfunction in young women with intractable constipation.
AB  - Fifteen women with intractable chronic idiopathic constipation dating from
      adolescence were investigated by anorectal manometry, neurophysiological
      evaluation of the conus medullaris and external anal sphincter. Comparison was
      made with 25 asymptomatic female control subjects. Urological disturbances were
      common amongst the constipated, in five of whom incidental lumbosacral spinal
      dysraphism was found. No differences in sphincter pressures or the
      rectosphincteric reflex were demonstrable between the two groups. Rectal
      defecatory sensation was blunted and the compliance was increased in the
      constipated group. The latency of the pudendo-anal reflex was significantly
      prolonged in idiopathic constipation, two women having an absent reflex (greater
      than 100 ms). Mean motor unit potential duration of the external anal sphincter
      was not significantly prolonged in the eight constipated women tested. A central
      neurogenic deficit is postulated in some women with this disorder.

PMID- 3396968
TI  - Outcome of colectomy for severe idiopathic constipation.
AB  - Severe idiopathic constipation affects predominantly young women. We have
      evaluated the results of colectomy in 44 women with a normal diameter colon and
      with a median bowel frequency of once per four weeks. The operations were done in
      one hospital over a 15 year period. After operation 22 patients had normal bowel
      frequency, 17 diarrhoea (greater than three bowel actions/day), and five
      persistent or recurrent constipation (interval between bowel actions at least
      three days). Many patients continued to experience abdominal pain (98%
      preoperatively v 71% postoperatively); straining and laxative use were still
      common after surgery. Ten patients needed psychiatric treatment for severe
      psychological disorders. The preoperative abnormalities of paradoxical
      contraction of the pelvic floor during straining and impaired rectal evacuation
      of a water filled balloon did not correlate with the outcome.

PMID- 3396970
TI  - Dependence of the so-called heparin availability on experimental factors.
AB  - The so-called heparin level in the plasma of patients or healthy volunteers
      should be determined using only those methods which correspond to the test
      standard used by the producer of the heparin applied or which approach the
      corresponding test principle. The correlation of the ex vivo findings gained
      through biochemical and functional methods to the physiological effect is, as far
      as possible, only then guaranteed when methodical influences can be excluded. The
      data obtained through these test series do not, however, allow a transference to
      the physiological effect of the corresponding heparin preparations regarding
      anticoagulant as well as antithrombotic efficacy.

PMID- 3396969
TI  - Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease in an unselected population of monozygotic
      and dizygotic twins. A study of heritability and the influence of smoking.
AB  - By running the Swedish twin registry containing about 25,000 pairs of twins of
      the same sex together with the central national diagnosis register of hospital
      inpatients, 80 twin pairs suffering from inflammatory bowel disease were found.
      In the ulcerative colitis group one of 16 monozygotic pairs was concordant for
      the disease, but all the other 20 pairs (dizygotic or unknown zygosity) were
      discordant. In the Crohn's disease group eight of 18 monozygotic pairs and one of
      26 dizygotic pairs were concordant. The proband concordance rate among
      monozygotic twins was 6.3% for ulcerative colitis and 58.3% for Crohn's disease.
      The calculated heritability of liability based on monozygotic pairs was 0.53 and
      1.0 respectively. Thus heredity as an aetiological factor is stronger in Crohn's
      disease than in ulcerative colitis. Monozygotic twins with Crohn's disease were
      more likely to be smokers than monozygotic twins with ulcerative colitis. Smoking
      did not explain the discordance of twin pairs with either ulcerative colitis, or
      Crohn's disease. The combination of identical heredity and similar smoking habit
      is not sufficient to cause disease.

PMID- 3396971
TI  - Advances in therapy of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.
AB  - Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is a lymphoproliferative disorder
      characterized by the progressive accumulation of clonal small mature-looking
      lymphocytes, usually of B cell origin. In addition to a better understanding of
      many biological features, during the last 10-15 years a great progress has been
      made in the prognostic characterization of the disease. The therapeutic
      achievements, however, have been less impressive. The possibility to identify
      patients with different prognosis has renewed interest in the treatment of this
      disorder. A considerable number of controlled trials have been performed or are
      in course, and new perspectives for CLL treatment are emerging. Basically four
      different kinds of measures are used: 1) chemotherapy, 2) radiotherapy, 3)
      adjuvant measures and 4) new modalities.

PMID- 3396972
TI  - Lymphocyte proliferative responses in haemophiliac patients: relations to
      clinical and immunological findings.
AB  - Blood lymphocyte proliferative responses to mitogens were studied in 65 patients
      with haemophilia (haemophilia A: 54 patients, haemophilia B: 11 patients) in
      parallel with 39 male control subjects. As a group, patients with haemophilia did
      not demonstrate abnormal proliferative responses to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA),
      Concanavalin A (ConA) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM) when compared with healthy
      controls. When the patients were analysed according to their seropositivity for
      antibody to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), those who were positive had
      significantly decreased PHA, ConA and PWM responses. Haemophiliac patients with
      T4+/T8+ ratios less than 1 had reduced proliferative responses to PHA, ConA and
      PWM when compared to patients with ratios greater than 1. No significant
      difference in mitogen responses were found when the patients were analysed
      according to the presence or absence of palpable lymphadenopathy. Those patients
      with haemophilia A who had received more than 5 x 10(4) units of factor VIII
      during the two years preceding the study showed no significant difference in PHA,
      ConA and PWM responses when compared to patients receiving less.

PMID- 3396973
TI  - Replicate tests for the detection and correction of errors in anti-human globulin
      (AHG) tests: optimum conditions and quality control.
AB  - Replicate blind AHG tests with weak IgG anti-D sensitised red cells revealed that
      32% of workers caused 5 per cent or more false negative errors by using excessive
      agitation in reading techniques. The common quality control procedure of adding
      strongly sensitised cells to all negative AHG tests cannot reveal this type of
      error. Furthermore, strongly sensitised control cells may create an illusion of
      safety because AHG giving a false negative test with weak antibody in a serum
      sample may still show a reassuringly strong positive in the control test. "In
      house" assessment of all staff and automatic cell-washers by blind replicate
      tests is recommended as an effective way of improving AHG test performance, thus
      reducing many of the errors involving false negative AHG tests seen year after
      year in External Proficiency Trials.

PMID- 3396974
TI  - Use of ferrokinetics in the follow-up of patients with polycythaemia vera.
AB  - Periodical follow-up evaluations at intervals from 3 to 6 months of haematocrit,
      blood volume and ferrokinetic, during a 2.5 year period were performed in 18
      polycythaemia vera (PV) patients to find the most characteristic parameters for
      the determination of the erythropoietic system functional activity. Our results
      suggest that in PV it is advisable to carry out further determination of red cell
      volume to determine exactly the degree of erythrocytosis. We found that plasma
      iron turnover (PIT) followed by 59Fe T1/2 are the first parameters to return to
      normal and the first to alter after a prolonged period of a normal ferrokinetic
      status. We suggest these may be used as the most reliable indicators for the
      haematological control of PV.

PMID- 3396975
TI  - Evaluation of preoperative blood tests for predicting deep vein thrombosis after
      total hip replacement.
AB  - Determinations of the total calcium content and aggregability of the platelets as
      well as tests of coagulation and fibrinolysis were carried out on 93 patients
      before undergoing total hip replacement. All patients received low dose heparin,
      solely or combined with dihydroergotamine. Twenty-six patients developed deep
      vein thrombosis (DVT) detected by the labelled fibrinogen uptake test and
      confirmed by ascending phlebography. Only a few tests, among them the total
      calcium content of platelets, showed a statistical difference between the
      patients who subsequently developed DVT and those who did not. Combination of
      several tests by a multivariate statistical analysis programme proved to have
      more predictive value than the analysis of single tests.

PMID- 3396977
TI  - [Polyglandular autoimmune failure].

PMID- 3396976
TI  - Comparison of some haematological indices of Africans and Caucasians resident in
      the same Nigerian environment.
AB  - Haemoglobin levels, total with blood cell counts and differential white blood
      cell counts were estimated for 512 Africans and 196 Caucasians who had been
      living in the same cosmopolitan Nigerian town for at least a year. Haemoglobin
      levels for African females differed significantly from those of Caucasians and
      many of the African females had values which indicated anaemia. Total white blood
      cell counts were similar, but an increased lymphocyte count was found in Africans
      and a higher neutrophil count in Caucasians. Eosinophil count was higher in
      Africans than in the Caucasians.

PMID- 3396978
TI  - [Urinary bladder augmentation with intestinal segments].

PMID- 3396979
TI  - [Comparison of physician-led and dietician-led weight reducing programs].

PMID- 3396980
TI  - [Thyroid disease and bronchial asthma: is their simultaneous occurrence casual?].

PMID- 3396981
TI  - [ST-T changes in young adults with measles--possible role of transient
      hypocalcemia].

PMID- 3396982
TI  - [Oncocytoma--a renal tumor with favorable prognosis].

PMID- 3396983
TI  - [Villous adenoma of the papilla of Vater].

PMID- 3396984
TI  - [Mammographic screening for breast cancer in Israel].

PMID- 3396985
TI  - [Geriatric health for all by the year 2000].

PMID- 3396986
TI  - [Crack--update].

PMID- 3396987
TI  - [Recovery in traumatic spinal cord injuries: result of treatment or natural
      outcome?].

PMID- 3396988
TI  - [Oral gold for rheumatoid arthritis].

PMID- 3396989
TI  - [The Jonas semirigid penile prosthesis].

PMID- 3396990
TI  - [Guillain-Barre syndrome after injection of sheep cells].

PMID- 3396991
TI  - [Minor surgery in family medicine].

PMID- 3396992
TI  - [Dietary treatment of irritable bowel syndrome].

PMID- 3396993
TI  - [Keratoconjunctivitis sicca induced by dipyrone].

PMID- 3396995
TI  - [Adrenomedullary-brain transplant: a breakthrough in the management of
      Parkinson's disease].

PMID- 3396994
TI  - [Thoughts on the future of pediatrics in the state of Israel].

PMID- 3396996
TI  - [Does the human infant know instinctively "what to eat" and "how to eat"?].

PMID- 3396997
TI  - [Intraoperative angiography for cerebral arteriovenous malformations].

PMID- 3396998
TI  - [Preparing children for anesthesia and surgery].

PMID- 3396999
TI  - [Transient encephalopathy following cervical myelography with metrizamide].

PMID- 3397000
TI  - [External ophthalmoplegia as a presenting symptom of temporal arteritis].

PMID- 3397001
TI  - [Open reduction and internal fixation for humeral capitellum fractures].

PMID- 3397002
TI  - [Waterslide injuries].

PMID- 3397003
TI  - [Severe head injury--the first hour, evaluation, observation and transportation].

PMID- 3397004
TI  - [Sport and osteoarthritis].

PMID- 3397005
TI  - [Safety in anesthesia--1988].

PMID- 3397006
TI  - [Pulmonary mass and recurrent hemoptysis].

PMID- 3397007
TI  - Utilization of cystine by dermatophytes on glucose-peptone media.
AB  - All the 16 strains of dermatophytes tested here metabolized cystine (3 mmol/L) in
      two glucose-peptone media with a different C: N ratio. Cystine was utilized as a
      sulfur source and, in addition, as a carbon and nitrogen source, in parallel with
      growth. Excess sulfur was excreted to the medium after its oxidation as inorganic
      sulfate and sulfite. In a physiologically alkaline medium the growth was fast and
      was accompanied by a pH increase and cystine was utilized intensively. Eleven
      species used up all cystine available. Sulfate was the main oxidation product,
      sulfite was produced at a low concentration, at the beginning of growth in
      particular. Only traces of thiol compounds (cysteine) were present in the medium.
      In a physiologically acid medium growth was soon limited by a decreased pH (below
      5.0) but cystine continued to be utilized at an identical rate. All cystine was
      used up by 5 species. The tendency to produce sulfite in addition to sulfate
      further increased and sulfite was often the predominant product. Concentrations
      of thiol compounds were also substantially higher. Thus, dermatophytes can
      utilize cystine even under conditions that do not support good growth and
      increase the sulfite production.

PMID- 3397008
TI  - Antibacterial activity of some alpha-substituted 2-methyl-5-nitrofurans.
AB  - The minimum inhibitory concentration values against Gram-negative and Gram
      positive bacteria were determined and compared for a selected group of
      synthesized alpha-substituted 2-methyl-5-nitrofuran derivatives. In vitro
      oxidation of thiols to disulfides by 2-(iodomethyl)-5-nitrofuran indicated that
      oxidation of enzyme-thiol groups to disulfide bonds was a possible mode of
      action; but was discounted by noninhibition of thiol enzymes by these compounds.
      Electron-microscopic studies of the morphology of bacteria after treatment with
      these derivatives showed the formation of unusual elongation, branching and
      atypical rod shapes in E. coli, while S. aureus manifested multibud formation
      with some cytoplasmic protrusions. The possible mode of action of these compounds
      is discussed.

PMID- 3397009
TI  - Synergism of rumen microbial hydrolases during degradation of plant polymers.
AB  - In isolated mixture of exocellular enzymes of rumen bacteria Ruminococcus
      flavefaciens, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens and rumen fungus Neocallimastix
      frontalis, specific activities of cellulases, hemicellulases and glycosidases
      were determined. The highest specific activities were shown mostly for proteins
      of N. frontalis.

PMID- 3397010
TI  - Elimination of mercury, cadmium and antibiotic resistance from Acinetobacter
      lwoffi and Micrococcus sp. at high temperature.
AB  - Resistance determinants for HgCl2 and CdCl2 were eliminated along with a number
      of antibiotic resistance factors from Acinetobacter lwoffi and Micrococcus sp. at
      44 degrees C. These organisms were orginally resistant to HgCl2, merbromin,
      CdCl2, Pb(NO3)2, benzylpenicillin, erythromycin, carbenicillin, tetracycline and
      sulfadiazine. Four different types of mutants from A. lwoffi (type I to IV) and
      one type of mutant from Micrococcus sp. (type V) were obtained, depending on the
      loss of particular resistance factors for HgCl2, merbromin, CdCl2 and
      antibiotics. In general, frequency of elimination of all the missing markers was
      very low (in the range of 10(-3) per bacterium). However, the missing
      determinants did not revert spontaneously.

PMID- 3397012
TI  - [More than constipation and diarrhea--gastrointestinal motility].

PMID- 3397011
TI  - The antibiotic PSX-1 produced by Penicillium stipitatum is identical with
      botryodiplodin.
AB  - Antibiotic PSX-1 exhibiting antitumour activity, formerly isolated from the
      filtrate of a culture of Penicillium stipitatum, was shown to be identical with
      botryodiplodin.

PMID- 3397014
TI  - [Early diagnosis = healing?].

PMID- 3397013
TI  - [Operative endoscopy--an invasion into surgery?].

PMID- 3397015
TI  - [The chronically inflamed bowel. Diagnostic and therapeutic consequences].

PMID- 3397016
TI  - [Cerebrovascular insufficiency in the aged. A challenge for the internist].

PMID- 3397017
TI  - [Pneumology--future significance].

PMID- 3397018
TI  - [Not mute, often dead silent: the anus and its diseases].

PMID- 3397019
TI  - [Diet as therapy--a change in the therapeutic concept?].

PMID- 3397020
TI  - [Clinical use of pancreas diagnosis].

PMID- 3397021
TI  - [AIDS 1988--retrospect and prospect].

PMID- 3397022
TI  - [A jungle of instruments at the intensive care station. Problems with technics
      and data overflow--positive attitude of patients].

PMID- 3397023
TI  - [Medicine--a change produced by drugs].

PMID- 3397024
TI  - [Patient compliance in coronary heart disease].

PMID- 3397025
TI  - [Personal experiences with naturopathy. Medicinal plants in wound treatment].

PMID- 3397027
TI  - [The laser in urology].

PMID- 3397026
TI  - [Chernobyl and its sequelae. Assessing body burden of individual probands-
      comparison with nuclear weapon trials--transition to foods].

PMID- 3397028
TI  - [Prostate cancer--ablative hormone therapy or orchiectomy?].

PMID- 3397029
TI  - [Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy: clinical aspects, CT morphology and
      neuropathology].
AB  - Basing on the example of two cases, the clinical and morphological variability of
      mitochondrial encephalomyopathies is demonstrated. Both patients were of short
      build, and the clinical signs and symptoms were dementia, ataxia, epilepsy and
      hardness of hearing, whereas signs of myopathy were very mild or absent. Computed
      tomography showed infratentorial pronounced atrophy of the brain and basal
      ganglia calcifications, in one case additionally ischemic infarctions, as can be
      seen in "mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like
      episodes syndrome" (MELAS). A CT follow-up over 8 years with a progression of the
      abnormalities parallel to the progressive clinical course is demonstrated.
      Besides typical "ragged red fibres-myopathy" different abnormalities of
      mitochondria were seen by the electron microscope. One of the patients died; he
      had exceptional pathological-anatomical findings with mitochondrial
      cardiomyopathy, angioma and necrotising encephalopathy of Leigh's type. The two
      case reports show that in patients with such multisystemic neurological signs and
      CT-findings mitochondrial encephalomyopathy should be considered and a muscle
      biopsy should be performed.

PMID- 3397030
TI  - [Prognostic significance of initial clinical and instrumental parameters in
      spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhages].
AB  - We retrospectively analyzed the records of 63 consecutive patients with
      spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) who had been treated in our
      neurological intensive care unit from 1981 to 1985 (aged 17 to 84 years). In this
      sample, the prognostic value of initial clinical and laboratory findings was
      studied. The following factors were significantly correlated with mortality:
      concomitant cardiac failure, general atherosclerosis, and chronic obstructive
      pulmonary disease; coma or deranged brainstem reflexes on admission; concomitant
      intraventricular or subarachnoid hemorrhage, hydrocephalus and midline shift on
      CT scan. ICH location did not significantly correlate with outcome. Among lobar
      ICH occipital hematomas carried the best prognosis. No prognostic importance was
      detected for age and gender, initial blood pressure, time interval between ICH
      and admission, ECG or angiographic findings, or laboratory values.

PMID- 3397031
TI  - The effect of etomoxir on glucose turnover and recycling with [1-14C], [3-3H]
      glucose tracer in pigs.
AB  - Infusion of etomoxir to 4 fasted pigs caused significant (48%) falls in blood
      glucose concentrations. To assess whether inhibition of hepatic glucose
      production or increase of peripheral glucose utilisation is causally associated,
      a primed infusion of [3-3H]-glucose and [1-14C]-glucose was used, and glucose
      turnover rates, recycling and metabolic clearance rate of glucose were
      determined. No effects of infusion of etomoxir on glucose turnover rates could be
      found. Recycling of glucose carbon was affected to a relatively small extent. The
      metabolic clearance rate, however, increased by 126% from 5.0 +/- 0.7 ml/kg x min
      in the control group to 11.3 +/- 3.5 ml/kg x min in the treated group (mean +/-
      SEM; P less than 0.05). We conclude that under fasting conditions an increase in
      glucose utilization plays a major part in the blood glucose lowering effect of
      etomoxir.

PMID- 3397032
TI  - Body weight and tissue composition in rats made obese by a cafeteria diet. Effect
      of 24 hours starvation.
AB  - Rat body size and tissue composition changes from pre-weaning to three months age
      resulted from voluntary hyperphagia triggered by offering a cafeteria diet. The
      effects of a 24 hour starvation period in both cafeteria and chow fed controls
      were compared. Obesity develops earlier in females than in males. This difference
      is related to the growth patterns in both sexes. Obesity occurs at the stages of
      development when growth rate decreases. Cafeteria fed female rats attained a 32%
      greater weight than their controls, with lumbar adipose cords that were 4 times
      heavier and brown interscapular adipose tissue 2 times heavier than controls. The
      overall cafeteria fed versus chow fed rat differences in the effects of a 24 hour
      starvation, were minor but less liver glycogen and much more skeletal muscle
      lipids were mobilized in the cafeteria fed rats than in controls.

PMID- 3397033
TI  - Effect of ethanol and linoleic acid on changes in biliary excretion of
      iodothyronines possibly related to thyroxine deiodination in rat liver.
AB  - Groups of male rats weighing about 350 g were inserted polyethylene tubings into
      bile duct and femoral vein under pentobarbital anesthesia. Several iodothyronines
      (i.e. T4, T3, rT3, 3,5-T2, 3,3'-T2 and 3',5'-T2) were estimated in 2-hr portions
      of bile with the aid of specific radioimmunoassay. After the infusion of ethanol
      (0.3 ml/hr/rat for 4 hr) an increase of biliary excretion of rT3 and a decrease
      of 3,5-T2 was found as compared to controls. When 5 mg linoleic acid was added to
      1.2 ml ethanol, the increase of rT3 was significantly higher than that after
      ethanol only and, in addition, significant increase of 3',5'-T2 excretion was
      found. It was concluded that both ethanol and unsaturated fatty acids may inhibit
      5'-monodeiodination in the liver and that unsaturated nonesterified fatty acids
      may exert such effect even when administered intravenously without underlying
      metabolic disorders.

PMID- 3397035
TI  - Elevation of plasma estradiol in healthy men during a mountaineering expedition.
AB  - The following study was undertaken to study the effects of multiple stressors on
      the pituitary-testicular axis in men. We examined the endocrine responses of 16
      healthy young men participating in a mountain training exercise. Blood was drawn
      at 1830 m just before ascent (t = 0 h), after an overnight rest at 3050 m (t = 24
      h), and immediately after a descent from 3050 m in adverse conditions (t = 48 h).
      Plasma E2 increased significantly through the study periods (medians: 74, 104,
      164 pmol/l at t = 0, 24, 48 h) while 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone progressively
      decreased. Testosterone and the bioactive LH to immunoreactive LH ratio decreased
      only at 48 h. There were no changes observed for plasma cortisol, prolactin or
      thyroxine. The observed rise in E2 may be due to one or more stressors associated
      with altitude, including hypoxia and increased solar radiation. This data
      suggests a role for E2 in the secondary testosterone decrease.

PMID- 3397034
TI  - Improvement of immunologic abnormalities associated with hyperthyroidism of
      Graves' disease during methimazole treatment.
AB  - In an attempt to study the effects of methimazole treatment on immunologic
      abnormality of hyperthyroidism of Graves' disease, TSH receptor antibody (TRab),
      anti-DNA antibody and HLA-DR were measured in untreated patients with
      hyperthyroidism of Graves' disease and treated patients with methimazole for 2
      years, using peripheral blood. In untreated patients, all 3 parameters elevated
      above normal. Three parameters decreased 2 years after methimazole treatment, but
      the magnitude of decrease was more in T3-suppressible patients than in T3
      unsuppressible patients. However, both anti-DNA antibody and HLA-DR were
      significantly more in T3-suppressible patients than in normal subjects. It is
      suggested that immunologic abnormalities should largely be improved before
      remission of Graves' disease can be obtained.

PMID- 3397036
TI  - Endocrine parameters of human follicular fluid and fertilization capacity of
      oocytes.
AB  - The induction of multiple follicular growth during ovarian stimulation for in
      vitro fertilization (IVF) implies follicular asynchrony. As a consequence oocytes
      of different quality are obtained. The maturity and fertilizability of oocytes
      cannot sufficiently be predicted by their morphological appearance under the
      light microscope. Looking for additional parameters of oocyte quality, FSH, hCG,
      estradiol (E2), progesterone (P), testosterone (T), prolactin (PRL) and cAMP were
      analysed in human follicular fluid (FF) containing a morphologically mature
      oocyte. The evaluation of the relationship between FF values and oocyte
      fertilization showed the following results: no differences of FSH, hCG, E2, P and
      T concentrations in FF between the group of fertilized and not fertilized ova.
      However, significant differences were detected for PRL and cAMP. In FF of
      fertilized oocytes PRL content was higher (38.8 +/- 2.2 vs 29.7 +/- 2.3 ng/ml, P
      less than 0.01) and cAMP level was lower (32.7 +/- 1.9 vs 59.8 +/- 7.4 pmol/ml, P
      less than 0.01) as compared with FF of unfertilizable oocytes. In conclusion PRL-
      and cAMP concentration of FF might be additional parameters of oocyte maturation
      and fertilizability.

PMID- 3397037
TI  - Testosterone stimulates net citrate production from aspartate by prostate
      epithelial cells.

PMID- 3397038
TI  - Improved HPLC separation of radiolabelled hormonal peptides.

PMID- 3397039
TI  - Abnormal growth hormone secretory dynamics in children with familial
      hypercholesterolemia.
AB  - Growth hormone secretory dynamics and plasma somatomedin C concentrations were
      assessed in four prepubertal patients with defects in the low-density lipoprotein
      (LDL) receptor pathway before and after 2 months of treatment with mevinolin, an
      HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor that reduces intracellular cholesterol. Pre- and
      posttreatment mean 24-hour growth hormone levels and pulse amplitude were similar
      and tended to be higher than in age-matched prepubertal controls. Pre- and
      posttreatment somatomedin C levels were also similar and lower than in age
      matched prepubertal controls. All patients responded to growth hormone
      provocative testing with a peak response of greater than 7 ng/ml, independent of
      treatment status. Growth velocity was not significantly altered in any patient
      following 2 months of treatment with mevinolin, and was within the normal range
      for age. Thus, children with defects in the LDL receptor pathway express
      abnormalities in growth hormone secretion and somatomedin C generation comparable
      to those seen in other chronic diseases. Treatment with mevinolin has no apparent
      effect on these biochemical abnormalities, suggesting that it may not have long
      term effects on growth. Regardless of mevinolin therapy, children with defects in
      the LDL receptor pathway may manifest a degree of growth retardation and, hence,
      growth rate and skeletal maturation should be closely monitored.

PMID- 3397040
TI  - Postnatal thyroxine administration for idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome
      in preterm infants.
AB  - Thirty-six preterm infants of less than 34 weeks of gestation with idiopathic
      respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS) were studied. Eighteen of them were treated
      with intravenous thyroxine (T4) and compared with 18 control prematures to
      evaluate the effect of postnatal T4 administration on the course of IRDS. After
      treatment, serum T4 levels were similar to those of healthy term infants. No
      statistically significant effect on mortality rate, duration of mechanical
      ventilation (p greater than 0.3), need of high oxygen environment (p greater than
      0.05) and development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (p greater than 0.2) was
      observed between the two groups. These observations show that postnatal use of T4
      does not carry any benefit for preterm infants with IRDS.

PMID- 3397042
TI  - Effects of glucagon on physiologic and compensatory renal growth in the rat.
AB  - Glucagon has been implicated as a growth-promoting hormone in the kidneys of
      diabetic animals, but its role in the nondiabetic state is unknown. We evaluated
      the effect of subcutaneous glucagon administration on renal growth in intact rats
      with two kidneys and after 50% reduction in renal mass. The relative kidney
      weight was increased in intact rats treated with a glucagon infusion for 7 days
      (p less than 0.01), but decreased in uninephrectomized rats treated with glucagon
      (p less than 0.05). Absolute kidney weight gain and rates of renal DNA synthesis
      were also significantly blunted by glucagon infusion in uninephrectomized rats.
      These data suggest that 'physiologic' and 'compensatory' renal growth are
      governed by separate processes. Furthermore, the observation that glucagon
      promotes renal growth in intact nondiabetic animals supports its possible role as
      a growth factor in the early stages of diabetes.

PMID- 3397041
TI  - Effects of bromocriptine on sweat gland function during heat acclimatization.
AB  - This study examined the involvement of the hormones aldosterone and prolactin in
      sweat gland function during heat acclimatization. Two groups of male subjects (n
      = 8) were tested - one receiving a placebo (control), the other receiving
      bromocriptine. Both groups performed cycle ergometer exercise at 50% of maximal
      oxygen uptake over 10 consecutive days in an environmental chamber maintained at
      39 degrees C and 30% relative humidity. Duration of exercise was 90 min on days 2
      4 and 6-9, and 45 min on test days 1, 5 and 10. Electrolyte concentrations were
      determined by total body washdown. Prolactin increased (p less than 0.001) during
      exercise on day 1 in the control group but not on days 5 and 10. In contrast,
      prolactin was suppressed by bromocriptine and did not rise in response to
      exercise or heat exposure. Plasma aldosterone increased during exercise in both
      groups, showing no differences between groups. The sodium concentration in sweat
      decreased significantly (p less than 0.05) in the control group from day 1 to 10
      but was unchanged in the treatment group. These data suggest that acclimatization
      related changes in sweat gland function may be attenuated by increases in central
      dopaminergic activity and implicate prolactin in control of sweat gland function.

PMID- 3397045
TI  - Immature teratomas in children.
AB  - In a retrospective study comprising 216 germ-cell tumours occurring in children
      from birth to the age of 18 years, 27 immature teratomas were found at a variety
      of sites. Seventeen of these were curatively treated by means of one operation.
      Only two patients died as a direct result of tumour growth. Recurrences and
      metastases often proved to be treatable. In ovarian tumours grading was of
      considerable prognostic importance. The term malignant teratoma, which is
      sometimes used to describe these tumours, is confusing and should be avoided.

PMID- 3397043
TI  - Role of obesity and hyperinsulinemia in the insulin resistance of obese subjects
      with the clinical triad of polycystic ovaries, hirsutism and acanthosis
      nigricans.
AB  - The insulin resistance of 4 nonobese and 8 obese patients with polycystic
      ovaries, hirsutism and benign acanthosis nigricans, and of 6 'obese normal' apart
      from obesity and 10 normal female subjects was evaluated by means of an
      intravenous insulin tolerance test and by measuring basal and insulin responses
      to an oral glucose load. The patients with polycystic ovaries, hirsutism and
      acanthosis had a decreased hypoglycemic response to exogenous insulin. The
      subjects with polycystic ovaries presented a significantly greater mean glucose
      response area for the same or greater mean insulin response area than the obese
      or nonobese normal subjects. The insulin resistance in the patient with
      polycystic ovaries, hirsutism and acanthosis nigricans could not be exclusively
      ascribed to a reduced receptor number, but also appeared to be due to a
      simultaneous postbinding defect probably related to the high insulin levels in
      patients with polycystic ovaries be they obese or not. The elevated plasma
      androgens and the presence of acanthosis found in these patients are likely also
      related to the hyperinsulinemia. To evaluate the influence of obesity, obese and
      nonobese patients with acanthosis nigricans and polycystic ovaries were compared.
      Higher insulin levels were found in the thin subjects, which could explain their
      greater insulin resistance and more severe hyperandrogenism. The comparison
      between obese patients with and those without acanthosis nigricans and polycystic
      ovaries suggested that, despite similar insulin levels, the greater known
      duration of obesity (probably also of the hyperinsulinemia) of the former was a
      possible explanation for their more intense insulin resistance and higher
      testosterone levels.

PMID- 3397044
TI  - The pancreas in idiopathic Addison's disease--a search for a prediabetic
      pancreas.
AB  - Autopsy pancreases were studied from 14 patients who had idiopathic Addison's
      disease. One patient had been diabetic for 12 years and three patients were found
      to be diabetic during their terminal admission. While there was no evidence of
      diabetes or destruction of insulin-secreting beta cells in the remaining 10
      patients, islets in one pancreas exhibited many of the histological and
      immunohistochemical features seen in the patients with recent onset diabetes.
      These included the presence of alpha-interferon in endocrine cells, hyper
      expression of class I major histocompatibility complex molecules by endocrine
      cells in islets where alpha-interferon was also present, aberrant expression of
      class II major histocompatibility complex molecules by endocrine cells and the
      presence of insulitis. Since the combination of these changes has only been
      described in type 1 diabetes it is thought that the appearances seen in this
      pancreas were those of prediabetes.

PMID- 3397046
TI  - Cystic mucinous tumours of the mesentery and retroperitoneum: report of three
      cases.
AB  - A mucinous cystadenoma of the mesentery and two borderline mucinous
      cystadenocarcinomas of the mesentery and retroperitoneum are reported. The
      patients were females, aged 38, 47 and 58 years. The cysts showed identical
      features to those commonly seen in the appendix and ovary. One of our cases, with
      'borderline' histology, developed metastases to mediastinal lymph nodes, 4 years
      after diagnosis. We suggest that these tumours develop through mucinous
      metaplasia in pre-existing mesothelium-lined cysts, the latter being the
      commonest cysts in this location.

PMID- 3397047
TI  - Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction in two patients. Overlap of features of
      systemic sclerosis and visceral myopathy.
AB  - Two patients with chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction are reported, one of whom
      had definite systemic sclerosis while the other had certain manifestations of the
      disease. Biopsies of the small intestine revealed increased collagen and elastic
      fibres in the muscularis propria and subserosa in each case, while ganglion cells
      were normal. In addition, one patient had severe atrophy of the inner muscle
      layer and the other obvious vacuolation of the muscularis propria.
      Ultrastructural examination confirmed degeneration of the smooth muscle fibres.
      These latter features have been considered the hallmark of visceral myopathy and
      their finding in this patient therefore suggests that the different causes of
      pseudo-obstruction may not be completely demarcated and cases in which the
      features overlap may occur.

PMID- 3397048
TI  - Progesterone versus estrogen facilitation of female sexual behavior by
      intracranial administration to female rats.
AB  - The CNS sites of action for progesterone facilitation of female sexual behavior
      are disputed. Among the areas most often cited are the ventromedial hypothalamus
      and the ventral midbrain. There is also a controversy about whether estradiol may
      substitute for progesterone for the facilitation of receptive behavior when given
      systemically or intracranially. We tested VMH and ventral midbrain applications
      of estradiol versus progesterone for the facilitation of female sexual behavior
      in estrogen-primed, ovariectomized female rats. Subjects were implanted with
      bilateral guide tubes aimed at ventral hypothalamic or midbrain sites. Estrogen
      primed rats received either 28-gauge insert cannulae filled at the lumen with
      pure progesterone, estradiol, or cholesterol, or empty tubes, and were tested for
      receptivity with intact, experienced stud males just before, and 1 and 4 hr
      after, intracranial hormone administration. Significant estrous responsiveness
      was seen only in the 4-hr test after progesterone was implanted in the VMN in the
      first intracranial cannula test. We conclude, in contrast to some previous
      reports, that administration of progesterone to the VMN is more effective in the
      facilitation of female sexual behavior than when it is implanted in the ventral
      midbrain, and that administration of estradiol to either site is ineffective.

PMID- 3397050
TI  - Studies on effects of tamoxifen (ICI 46474) on agonistic encounters between pairs
      of intact mice.
AB  - The anti-estrogen tamoxifen (Tam), which has been shown to dramatically suppress
      offensive behavior in male rats without markedly influencing other aspects of the
      social encounter, was tested for its effectiveness in mice. TO strain albino mice
      were given control injections or 50 or 100 micrograms of Tam for 4 or 8 days.
      Subsequently, mice were tested in pairs (for a particular dose and treatment
      duration) in which both animals received Tam, one animal received Tam and one
      saline, or both animals received saline control injections. Ten-minute videotaped
      encounters were analyzed in terms of total times allocated to nonsocial
      investigation, social investigation, offense, defense, sexual activity/intense
      social investigation, and immobility. The lower dose given for the shorter
      duration produced less social investigation and more nonsocial investigation when
      Tam-treated subjects were paired together (cf. the Tam vs saline pairing). At all
      the other doses and durations, Tam reduced offense. Defense also changed in those
      pairings, but that activity seemed related to the amount of attack received.
      Tamoxifen had little influence on the weights of accessory sex glands. The data
      confirm that Tam is a potent suppressor of "androgen-dependent" aggression in
      male laboratory mice and provide further support for the aromatization
      hypothesis.

PMID- 3397049
TI  - Facilitation of lordosis in guinea pigs by an alpha-noradrenergic agonist is
      independent of progestin receptor stimulation.
AB  - Because manipulations of the noradrenergic system affect both lordosis behavior
      and progestin receptor levels in female guinea pigs, the present study attempted
      to determine if the noradrenergic (NE) system affects lordosis solely because of
      its impact on progestin receptors. Although the progestin receptor antagonist
      RU486 significantly reduced progesterone-facilitated lordosis, it had no effect
      on lordosis induced by the alpha-NE agonist clonidine in estrogen-primed female
      guinea pigs. This indicates that although progesterone may facilitate lordosis in
      female guinea pigs via activation of progestin receptors, the alpha-noradrenergic
      agonist clonidine does not mediate lordosis through the same mechanism.

PMID- 3397051
TI  - Patterns of sexual receptivity in the female musk shrew (Suncus murinus).
AB  - Female musk shrews (Suncus murinus) were tested daily to examine patterns of
      sexual receptivity. When only mounting was used as a criterion (to avoid
      pregnancy), nonpregnant females remained sexually receptive to males every day
      for 14 consecutive days. When insemination was allowed, most females continued to
      copulate for the first 5 days of pregnancy. Receptivity declined markedly around
      Day 10 of gestation, but a few females were receptive even into late pregnancy.
      Lactating females copulated with males 5 and 10 days after parturition. In
      general, unlike most mammals studied in the laboratory, the nonpregnant female
      musk shrew has no behavioral estrous cycle. Musk shrews are ready to mate anytime
      except in mild to late pregnancy, and even then occasionally mating is found.

PMID- 3397052
TI  - Growth hormone is secreted by ectopic pituitary grafts and stimulates maternal
      behavior in rats.
AB  - The onset of maternal behavior at parturition in rats is hormonally regulated.
      Recently, we reported that treatment of behaviorally inexperienced,
      hypophysectomized (hypox), ovariectomized (ovx) rats with a sequential steroid
      treatment of progesterone (P) and estradiol (E2), and either ectopic anterior
      pituitary grafts or prolactin (PRL), stimulated maternal responsiveness toward
      foster young. That growth hormone (GH) has a number of PRL-like activities led us
      to ask whether the actions of PRL on maternal behavior were specific to PRL or
      might be shared by other PRL-like protein hormone, i.e., GH. In Experiment 1 we
      quantified plasma concentrations of GH and PRL by RIA in groups of hypox female
      rats that were ovariectomized and treated with a combination of ectopic pituitary
      grafts (Days 1-23) and Silastic capsules filled with P (Days 1-11) and E2 (Days
      11-23). Blood samples were collected from Days 1 to 23 of treatment. Both plasma
      PRL and GH levels increased after grafting, initially rising 10- to 60-fold by
      Day 4 and gradually declining throughout the remainder of the 23-day sampling
      period. Throughout the 3-week period after grafting plasma GH levels were as high
      or higher than those of PRL. In Experiment 2 the behavioral effects of
      exogenously administered ovine (o)-GH were measured in groups of hypox, ovx rats
      that were treated with P and E2 as in Experiment 1. Experimental rats were
      injected twice daily with 0.25 mg oGH beginning on Day 1. Testing for maternal
      behavior toward foster young was conducted daily from Day 12 to Day 22. In
      steroid-treated rats, GH treatment stimulated a more rapid onset of maternal
      behavior (latencies of 3 vs greater than 10 days for vehicle-injected controls).
      These data indicate that GH, like PRL, is secreted by ectopic pituitary grafts
      and is capable of stimulating maternal behavior.

PMID- 3397053
TI  - The effects of an aromatization inhibitor on the reproductive behavior of male
      zebra finches.
AB  - Recent evidence indicates that aromatizable androgens are more effective than
      nonaromatizable androgens in restoring normal levels of sexual behavior in
      castrated male zebra finches (Poephila guttata). To determine whether the
      efficacy of treatment with aromatizable androgens, is in part due to their
      conversion to estrogens, castrated male finches were treated with androstenedione
      (AE), an aromatizable androgen, and their sexual and aggressive behavior was
      compared with that of castrates treated with AE plus 1,4,6-androstatriene-3,17
      dione (ATD), an aromatization inhibitor. Males treated with AE + ATD showed less
      courtship activity and less copulatory behavior than AE-treated males, and were
      unlikely to have nests. Estradiol (E), when given concurrently with AE + ATD,
      reversed the inhibitory effects of ATD and restored levels of courtship and
      copulation to those observed in AE-treated males. Only AE- and AE + ATD + E
      treated males displayed aggressive behaviors, but the frequency of such behaviors
      was so low that there were no significant differences across groups. These data
      affirm the importance of estrogen in the control of reproductive activities in
      male zebra finches and indicate that aromatization may be an obligatory step for
      maintaining normal levels of sexual and aggressive behavior.

PMID- 3397054
TI  - Social and hormonal influences on behavior of adult male, female, and
      pseudohermaphroditic rhesus monkeys.
AB  - We previously demonstrated that in a simple pair test situation the expression of
      adult male sexual behavior by rhesus monkeys depends on both prenatal
      (organizational) and adult (activational) androgen exposure. In the present study
      we used a more complex social situation (trio tests) to evaluate the behavior of
      males, females, and female pseudohermaphrodites. In these trio tests, the
      experimental subjects were tested with two estrogenized stimulus females
      simultaneously. Sex differences in behavior were made apparent by this complex
      testing situation that could not have emerged in the pair test. Gonadectomized
      males and female pseudohermaphrodites, but not ovariectomized females that were
      concurrently receiving TP, exhibited increased male sexual behavior in trio tests
      compared to pair tests. In trio tests, the males and pseudohermaphrodites showed
      evidence of partner preference by interacting almost exclusively with one of the
      two stimulus females. These "preferred females" in turn were responsible for the
      majority of the proceptive behavior exhibited in these tests. Ovariectomized
      females rarely displayed male sexual behavior in either test situation. These
      results further support the hypothesis that prenatal androgen exposure
      predisposes monkeys to exhibit masculine behavior traits when they reach
      adulthood and are exposed to the activational influences of androgens.

PMID- 3397055
TI  - Behavioral action of estrogen in male hamsters: effect of the aromatase
      inhibitor, 1,4,6-androstatriene-3,17-dione (ATD).
AB  - This study examines three independent behavioral variables known to be activated
      by testosterone in the male hamster; namely, the tendency to approach the female,
      the tendency to leave the female, and the amount of sniffing directed to her.
      Both intact and testosterone-maintained castrated male hamsters were given the
      aromatase inhibitor 1,4,6-androstatriene-3,17-dione (ATD) in subcutaneous,
      Silastic capsules. In intact males, there was an ATD dose-dependent increase in
      the tendency to leave the female and a decrease in the amount of olfactory
      investigation. The tendency of the male to approach the female was unaffected.
      The higher doses of ATD also abolished the ability of males to discriminate
      between females using vaginal odor cues. These results were confirmed in
      castrated males whose behavior was maintained at the intact level by testosterone
      implants. In addition, in both intact and castrated males, estradiol or
      diethylstilbestrol was able to reverse the behavioral changes induced by ATD. Our
      results indicate that estrogen produced by aromatization of testosterone
      activates behavior. We conclude that estrogen, by influencing some, but not all,
      components of masculine behavior, has a specific role in modulating male-female
      interactions.

PMID- 3397056
TI  - Male axillary secretions influence women's menstrual cycles: a critique.
AB  - W. B. Cutler et al. report in the December 1986 issue of Hormones and Behavior
      (20, 463-473), that women treated with axillary extract from male donors showed
      reduced variability in menstrual cycle lengths and a reduced proportion of
      aberrant cycles. The initial samples--seven subjects treated with the male
      extract and nine subjects treated with blank/ethanol--did not differ
      significantly in the frequency of aberrant and normal cycles. The cycles of four
      subjects who were having weekly coital activity were removed from the samples,
      since coital activity has been shown to be associated with normal-length cycles.
      The frequency differences of aberrant and normal cycles in the reduced extract
      and placebo samples were statistically significant. The experiment's conclusions
      are questionable because (1) the decision to remove the cycles of the four women
      who had weekly coital activity was not justified by the evidence from this
      experiment and (2) the researchers lacked an observed preexperimental data base
      from which to measure changes in the women's cycle lengths.

PMID- 3397057
TI  - The mink proopiomelanocortin gene: characterization of cDNA and chromosomal
      localization.
AB  - A cDNA library from the mink pituitary was screened using as probe a synthetic
      oligodeoxyribonucleotide, 5'-TTCATGACCTCCGA-3', corresponding to the endorphin
      region of bovine proopiomelanocortin (POMC) cDNA. As a result, several clones
      containing inserts complementary to POMC mRNA were identified. The sequence of
      one of the fragments (585 bp, 65% of the total length of mRNA) was determined. A
      high degree of homology (over 80%) among the primary structures of sequences from
      mink, man, and bovine cDNA POMC was established. With the cloned mink cDNA
      fragment as probe, the DNAs from mink-Chinese hamster hybrid clones were studied.
      The results of segregation analysis of mink POMC sequences and mink chromosomes
      in the mink-Chinese hamster panel allowed us to assign the POMC gene to mink
      chromosome 11.

PMID- 3397058
TI  - A 10-megabase physical map of human Xp21, including the Duchenne muscular
      dystrophy gene.
AB  - Using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and 12 Xp21-derived DNA probes, we have
      constructed a continuous restriction map spanning more than 4 million base pairs
      (4 Mbp), including the Duchenne muscular dystrophy gene of more than 2 Mbp. This
      detailed map is part of a less detailed map spanning 10 Mbp, also spanning the
      genes for glycerol kinase and congenital adrenal hypoplasia, constructed under
      electrophoresis conditions which separated DNA fragments in the range 200 to 4000
      kbp. DNA from three different tissues was analyzed, and differential methylation
      was observed.

PMID- 3397059
TI  - Genotyping of human alcohol dehydrogenases at the ADH2 and ADH3 loci following
      DNA sequence amplification.
AB  - Humans are polymorphic at two of the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) loci important
      in ethanol metabolism, ADH2 and ADH3. Although the coding regions of these genes
      are 94% identical, they produce subunits that differ greatly in kinetic
      properties in vitro. These differences are likely to be reflected in the
      pharmacokinetics of alcohol metabolism, but studies have been hampered by the
      need to use liver biopsy specimens to determine the ADH phenotype. This problem
      has now been overcome by determining the genotype at these loci using DNA that
      has been amplified in vitro by the polymerase chain reaction. We report here the
      identification of all three of the ADH2 alleles and both of the ADH3 alleles. Any
      pair of ADH2 or ADH3 alleles can be distinguished using allele-specific
      oligonucleotide probes directed at their single base pair difference. In
      addition, ADH2(2) can be distinguished from ADH2(1) and ADH2(3) by detecting a
      new MaeIII site created in the third exon by the single base pair alteration in
      ADH2(2).

PMID- 3397060
TI  - The complete nucleotide sequence of murine beta-glucuronidase mRNA and its
      deduced polypeptide.
AB  - The complete nucleotide sequence of murine beta-glucuronidase (GUS) mRNA has been
      compiled from three overlapping cloned cDNAs and a single GUS-specific genomic
      clone. The sequence is composed of 2455 nucleotides, exclusive of the poly(A)
      tail. The 5' and 3' untranslated regions contain 12 and 499 bases, respectively,
      with the open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 648 amino acids (74.2 kDa),
      including a 22 amino acid signal sequence. The nucleotide and deduced amino acid
      sequences of murine GUS are compared to those published for rat and human GUS and
      the results are presented. Murine GUS also shares amino acid sequence identity
      with Escherichia coli GUS and beta-galactosidase. The complete sequences of
      murine GUS mRNA and its deduced polypeptide provide a basis from which to study
      the mechanisms responsible for the well-characterized variation in GUS expression
      among inbred mouse strains.

PMID- 3397061
TI  - Molecular cloning of the mouse angiotensinogen gene.
AB  - We describe here the cloning, restriction mapping, and sequencing of the mouse
      angiotensinogen gene. The 5' flanking region contains consensus sequences for
      several hormone-responsive elements and viral-like enhancers within 750 bp of the
      cap site. The deduced amino acid sequence shows 87% identity with rat
      angiotensinogen, but there is a discrepancy in the number of cysteine residues in
      the mature protein among rat (n = 3), human (n = 4), and mouse (n = 4). Because
      angiotensinogen is homologous to other members of the serine protease inhibitor
      family, we aligned the putative reactive center of angiotensinogens from various
      species. This alignment shows that the inhibitor site in human angiotensinogen is
      different from its rodent counterpart, but the role of this sequence divergence
      in the pathogenesis of human disease remains to be established.

PMID- 3397062
TI  - Cloning and expression of human nebulin cDNAs and assignment of the gene to
      chromosome 2q31-q32.
AB  - We have isolated two nonoverlapping cDNAs encoding human nebulin, a muscle
      specific protein. Northern hybridization analysis shows that nebulin is encoded
      by a huge message at least 25 kb in length. By hybridizing two nonoverlapping
      cDNAs to DNA isolated from rodent X human cell hybrids, we assign this presumably
      single-copy gene to human chromosome 2; sublocalization studies indicate that the
      nebulin gene is on the long arm of the chromosome, in the region 2q31-q32.

PMID- 3397063
TI  - Two different genes for X-linked retinitis pigmentosa.
AB  - Linkage analysis was carried out in three large multigenerational kindreds with X
      linked retinitis pigmentosa using DNA markers on Xp. About 10% recombination has
      been found between the retinitis pigmentosa locus (RP2) and the marker locus
      DXS7, assigned to band Xp11.3, which was reported earlier to be closely linked to
      RP2 in several independent families. In the kindreds described in this paper,
      however, RP2 shows close linkage and no recombination with the marker loci OTC
      and DXS148, both assigned to Xp21, indicating that, contrary to previous linkage
      studies, there is evidence of an RP locus distal to DXS7. This suggests that X
      linked retinitis pigmentosa is genetically heterogeneous, i.e., caused by
      mutations at different loci.

PMID- 3397065
TI  - Birth weight and natural selection: an example of selection relaxation in man.
AB  - Differential mortality as a function of birth weight was studied in Japan in the
      years 1969, 1974 and 1984. During the 15-year interval of observation a
      progressive equalization of mortality in the birth weight classes near the mean
      was found both for perinatal mortality as a whole and for its two components,
      stillbirth and mortality within the 1st week of life. The relaxation of selection
      on this metric trait is confirmed by the analysis of the variation over time of
      intensity of selection. A comparison of the Japanese population with other
      populations so far studied is also presented.

PMID- 3397064
TI  - Regional localization of the human genes for aldehyde dehydrogenase-1 and
      aldehyde dehydrogenase-2.
AB  - We have used the cDNA probes for human aldehyde dehydrogenase-1 (ALDH1) and
      aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2) to determine regional chromosomal locations of
      these two genes by in situ hybridization. Results presented here allow
      localization of ALDH1 to band q21 on chromosome 9 and ALDH2 to band q24 on
      chromosome 12.

PMID- 3397066
TI  - Genetic studies of human apolipoproteins. III. Polymorphism of apolipoprotein C
      II.
AB  - Using a simple and rapid one-dimensional isoelectric focusing technique followed
      by immunoblotting, we have detected genetic polymorphism of human apolipoprotein
      C-II (APO C-II) in normal unfractionated plasma samples of individuals of black
      ancestry. Two common autosomal codominantly expressed alleles, designated APO C
      II*1 and APO C-II*2, at the APO C-II structural locus have been observed with
      frequencies of 0.975 and 0.025 in US blacks and 0.943 and 0.049 in Nigerian
      blacks. In addition, the gene product of a rare allele designated APO C-II*3 was
      observed in a single Nigerian black. Apart from a single example of an APO C-II 2
      1 phenotype in plasma samples from 187 whites, which was electrophoretically
      identical to the 2-1 phenotype observed in blacks, it appears that APO C-II*2 is
      a unique black marker of potential importance in anthropogenetic and
      atherosclerosis studies.

PMID- 3397067
TI  - Associations between the two serum proteins haptoglobin and transferrin and
      leukaemia.
AB  - Haptoglobin and transferrin (TF) types were determined for 134 patients with
      leukaemia of the four most common types: acute lymphocytic (ALL), chronic
      lymphocytic (CLL), acute myelocytic (AML) and chronic myelocytic leukaemia (CML).
      The phenotype HP1 was found to have an increased incidence in the total patient
      group due to an increased incidence in those with AML, ALL and CML compared with
      controls, but not in those with CLL. Although tests of association applied to
      each of the samples of the four common types of leukaemia produced no significant
      chi 2 values, they did indicate that the relative incidence (RI) was just under 2
      for the groupings of the acute forms ALL and AML, the myelocytic forms AML and
      CML and for the combination of ALL, AML and CML, respectively. All these
      associations were statistically significant (p less than 0.05). Analysis of TF
      subtypes and leukaemia indicated a significantly increased frequency of TF C1C1
      among leukaemia patients compared with controls (p less than 0.005). Analysis of
      the samples of each of the four common types suggested that while the RI was
      raised in all but ALL patients, the association was significant only in AML
      patients (p less than 0.05). However, when the two myelocytic types were combined
      the RI was 2.3 and the association was highly significant (p less than 0.005). No
      such association could be detected in the lymphocytic forms.

PMID- 3397068
TI  - Population studies in northern Sweden. XIII. The 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase
      polymorphism.
AB  - Frequencies of the 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-PGD) genes were studied in
      a series of 314 Finns from northern Finland and in a material of 4,348 conscripts
      and blood donors from the counties of Norrbotten and Vasterbotten in northern
      Sweden. The Swedish individuals were distributed into 23 subpopulations according
      to place of birth. The frequency of the PGDC gene was comparatively high in Finns
      (5.3%) and showed significant variations between subpopulations (from 5.3 to
      0.0%). The frequency of the PGDC gene showed a cline, with a decreasing gene
      frequency in the north-south direction. This geographical pattern could be
      explained in terms of Lappish and Finnish influence.

PMID- 3397069
TI  - Genetic polymorphism of alpha 2HS-glycoprotein in a French population.
      Description of two new rare variants.
AB  - A French population was investigated for genetic polymorphism of alpha 2HS
      glycoprotein (A2HS; nomenclature according to Human Gene Mapping 7, Los Angeles,
      1983) using isoelectric focusing and immunoblotting. Three variants were observed
      together with two common alleles A2HS 1 and A2HS 2, whose frequencies were
      significantly different from the data in Canadians and Egyptians. An anodal
      variant to A2HS 1 was identical to a variant with two different nomenclatures
      reported by three different groups, indicating that there is a confusion in the
      A2HS nomenclature. The others were new variants with cathodal isoelectric points
      to A2HS 2 in the native state.

PMID- 3397070
TI  - Gc and C3 polymorphisms in Central Sardinia.
AB  - The distribution of phenotypes and gene frequencies of the group-specific
      component (Gc) and C3 complement were studied in Central Sardinian sample. The
      gene frequencies were:Gc1 = 0.733; C3F = 0.237.

PMID- 3397071
TI  - Haptoglobin groups in ovarian carcinoma.
AB  - Haptoglobin groups were determined in 182 patients with primary ovarian
      carcinoma. Previously reported associations could not be confirmed. A significant
      excess of HP2-1 was observed among patients with a family history of cancer.

PMID- 3397072
TI  - Growth-stimulating effect of ferric citrate on hybridoma cells: characterization
      and relation to transferrin function.
AB  - The growth of mouse hybridomas in the defined medium with ferric citrate at the
      optimum growth-stimulating concentration of 500 microM in place of transferrin is
      fully comparable with the growth in the medium with transferrin at the optimum
      concentration of 5 micrograms/ml. Experiments with monoclonal antibody to mouse
      transferrin receptor demonstrate that the growth-stimulating effect of ferric
      citrate is not based on the action of residual transferrin or the action of
      transferrin secreted by hybridoma cells. Such growth-stimulating effect is
      specific for iron compounds while other metal trace elements are ineffective.
      Hybridoma cells can absorb iron from medium containing iron salt without the
      presence of transferrin.

PMID- 3397073
TI  - Retinal pigment epithelial cell plasma membrane: a monoclonal antibody study.
AB  - The plasma membranes of retinal pigment epithelial cells are highly specialized
      organelles with multiple functions including nutritional and metabolic support of
      the photoreceptor cells. Using purified bovine retinal epithelial cell plasma
      membranes as antigen, we produced two monoclonal antibodies, MAbD1-C6 and MAbD1
      C8, that cross react with the plasma membranes from bovine, rat and human retinal
      pigment epithelial cells. In radioimmunoassay both MAbD1-C6 and MAbD1-C8 had
      similar affinities for bovine plasma membranes. Both monoclonal antibodies
      identified a protein of 72 Kd with an apparent subunit of 32-35 Kd. The protein
      was localized to the cell surface of human and bovine retinal pigment epithelium
      by immunocytohistochemistry. In the normal eye the antigen identified by the
      monoclonal antibodies was strongly associated with the retinal pigment epithelium
      and weakly associated with lens tissue. Using either monoclonal antibody,
      components of purified bovine or rat retinal pigment epithelial plasma membranes
      were precipitated from solution. Based on these results, we conclude that both
      monoclonal antibodies are closely related and that they may be useful for the
      isolation and study of retinal pigment epithelial cell structure.

PMID- 3397074
TI  - The influence of stimulated peritoneal feeder cells and mitogens upon antibody
      secreting hybridomas.
AB  - Peritoneal exudate cells from mice injected with immunostimulatory agents were
      evaluated for their ability to promote hybridoma growth. Peritoneal cells from
      mice receiving peritoneal injections of either Freund's incomplete adjuvant or
      pristane, seven days prior to harvesting, produced the greatest number of
      antibody-producing hybridomas. Freund's incomplete adjuvant produced 16 fold more
      peritoneal cells than unstimulated mice, thus reducing the number of mice needed
      to supply feeder cells for the hybridoma cultures. In separate experiments a
      number of B-lymphocyte stimulating lectins and factors were tested for their
      ability to promote hybridoma growth. 2-mercaptoethanol (25 microM) routinely
      increased the number of antibody producing hybridomas by 5 to 15 fold. 2
      mercaptoethanol had a varying ability to increase the numbers of hybridoma
      colonies. The cloning efficiency, rate of cell growth and antibody production of
      hybridoma cell lines, previously produced in the absence of 2-mercaptoethanol
      could also be increased when this reducing agent was added to the culture medium.

PMID- 3397075
TI  - Visualization of electric fields around a biological body.

PMID- 3397076
TI  - Remote detection of ciliary movement by fiber optic laser-Doppler spectroscopy.

PMID- 3397077
TI  - Recovery of the auditory brainstem response by sign-bit and conventional
      averaging.

PMID- 3397078
TI  - Discriminant analysis of changes in human muscle function when interacting with
      an assistive aid.

PMID- 3397079
TI  - RF powering of millimeter- and submillimeter-sized neural prosthetic implants.

PMID- 3397080
TI  - Frequency domain modeling of volume conduction of single muscle fiber action
      potentials.

PMID- 3397081
TI  - Exponentially tapered transmission line model of the arterial system.

PMID- 3397082
TI  - Simulation of action potentials in a one-dimensional bidomain.

PMID- 3397083
TI  - Local contributions to pulse transmission through heterogeneous media.

PMID- 3397084
TI  - On the relations between the excitation fronts propagating in the heart and the
      equivalent dipoles.

PMID- 3397085
TI  - Possible determinants of pulse-wave velocity in vivo.

PMID- 3397086
TI  - Simulations of MAPA and APA heating using a whole body thermal model.

PMID- 3397087
TI  - Optical propagation in tissue with anisotropic scattering.

PMID- 3397088
TI  - Design of RF needle applicators for optimum SAR distributions in irregularly
      shaped tumors.

PMID- 3397089
TI  - Detection of nystagmus eye movements using a recursive digital filter.

PMID- 3397090
TI  - Comments on "Optimal respiratory controller structures".

PMID- 3397091
TI  - Microcomputer-based image processing system for measuring sarcomere motion of
      single cardiac cells.

PMID- 3397092
TI  - An electronic device for triggering a stimulator during membrane responsiveness
      determinations in cardiac tissues.

PMID- 3397093
TI  - Radiotransparent carbon electrode for ECG recordings in the catheterization
      laboratory.

PMID- 3397094
TI  - Surface distribution of crackling sounds.

PMID- 3397095
TI  - A computer controller for vest cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).

PMID- 3397096
TI  - Frequency spectra of ventricular tachycardia and sinus rhythm in human
      intracardiac electrograms--application to tachycardia detection for cardiac
      pacemakers.

PMID- 3397098
TI  - Temperature distributions in the human leg for VLF-VHF exposures at the ANSI
      recommended safety levels.

PMID- 3397097
TI  - Thermal implications of high SAR's in the body extremities at the ANSI
      recommended MF-VHF safety levels.

PMID- 3397099
TI  - Dynamic models and solutions for evaluating ventilation, perfusion, and mass
      transfer in the lung--Part I: The models.

PMID- 3397100
TI  - Dynamic models and solutions for evaluating ventilation, perfusion, and mass
      transfer in the lung--Part II: Analog solutions.

PMID- 3397101
TI  - Importance of low-frequency impedance data for reliably quantifying parallel
      inhomogeneities of respiratory mechanics.

PMID- 3397102
TI  - Topographic components model for event-related potentials and some biophysical
      considerations.

PMID- 3397103
TI  - A technique for measuring pelvic rotations during walking on a treadmill.

PMID- 3397104
TI  - An adaptive real-time ECG compression algorithm with variable threshold.

PMID- 3397105
TI  - Charge injection limits of activated iridium oxide electrodes with 0.2 ms pulses
      in bicarbonate buffered saline.

PMID- 3397106
TI  - A low-pass notch filter for bioelectric signals.

PMID- 3397107
TI  - Acute and short-term toxicity of a popular blend of metanil yellow and orange II
      in albino rats.

PMID- 3397108
TI  - Modification of coal-induced lesions by Jaggery (gur): Part II-
      Pathophysiological evidence in rats.

PMID- 3397109
TI  - Adrenal hormones and oxidative metabolism in the liver of Indian garden lizard
      Calotes versicolor.

PMID- 3397111
TI  - Evidence for random genetic drift in laboratory populations of Drosophila
      ananassae.

PMID- 3397110
TI  - Influence of selective protein deprivation on rat adipose tissue cellularity and
      lipolysis in isolated adipocytes.

PMID- 3397112
TI  - Larval energetics of Rana tigerina (Daud.).

PMID- 3397113
TI  - Hypothyroidism and its effect on thyroid tissue and plasma lipids.

PMID- 3397114
TI  - Effects of alcoholic extract of Solanum xanthocarpum seeds in adult male rats.

PMID- 3397116
TI  - Bhopal gas disaster: clinical & experimental studies.

PMID- 3397115
TI  - Toxicity of central Asian cobra (Naja naja Eichwald) venom and its components to
      the larvae of blowfly Parasarcophaga ruficornis Fabr.

PMID- 3397119
TI  - Effect of exposure to toxic gas on the population of Bhopal: Part III--Assessment
      of toxic manifestations in humans--haematological and biochemical studies.

PMID- 3397118
TI  - Effect of exposure to toxic gas on the population of Bhopal: Part II--Respiratory
      impairment.

PMID- 3397120
TI  - Effect of exposure to toxic gas on the population of Bhopal: Part IV-
      Immunological and chromosomal studies.

PMID- 3397117
TI  - Effect of exposure to toxic gas on the population of Bhopal: Part I-
      Epidemiological, clinical, radiological & behavioral studies.

PMID- 3397122
TI  - Inhalation toxicity studies on methyl isocyanate (MIC) in rats: Part II-
      Biochemical studies on hemolysates, lactate dehydrogenase, isoenzymes and lipid
      peroxidation.

PMID- 3397121
TI  - Inhalation toxicity studies of methyl isocyanate (MIC) in rats: Part I--Pulmonary
      pathology and genotoxicity evaluation.

PMID- 3397123
TI  - Inhalation toxicity studies of methyl isocyanate (MIC) in rats: Part III--Studies
      on biotransformation enzymes.

PMID- 3397124
TI  - Inhalation toxicity studies of methyl isocyanate (MIC) in rats: Part IV-
      Immunologic response of rats one week after exposure: effect on body and organ
      weights, phagocytic and DTH response.

PMID- 3397126
TI  - A clinical study of toxic gas poisoning in Bhopal, India.

PMID- 3397127
TI  - Folate sensitive and BrdU dependent fragile sites on human chromosomes.

PMID- 3397125
TI  - Inhalation toxicity studies of methyl isocyanate (MIC) in rats: Part V-
      Immunologic response of rats two weeks after exposure: phagocytic response,
      endotoxin susceptibility, local lung immunity, mitogenic and DTH response.

PMID- 3397128
TI  - Thymus an effector organ (?) in the lizard Calotes versicolor.

PMID- 3397129
TI  - Creatine kinase and aspartate aminotransferase in experimental model to predict
      size of cardiac infarct.

PMID- 3397130
TI  - Hepatorenal toxicity of nuvacron and furadan in mice.

PMID- 3397131
TI  - Effect of envenomation on different lipid profiles of liver microsomal fractions
      of albino rats.

PMID- 3397133
TI  - Referees, Indian and foreign.

PMID- 3397134
TI  - Association of Campylobacter pylori with gastritis, duodenal ulcer and gastric
      ulcer--a preliminary report of dyspeptic patients.

PMID- 3397132
TI  - Signals controlling alternative splicing of major histocompatibility complex H-2
      class I pre-mRNA.
AB  - The use of alternative splice acceptor sites during the removal of intron 7 in
      pre-mRNA splicing produces two forms of H-2Kb protein: the predominant form,
      derived from a transcript that has spliced at the upstream splice acceptor site
      for exon 8 (long exon 8), and a Kb molecule derived from a transcript that has
      spliced at the downstream acceptor site for exon 8 (short exon 8). We have
      identified a potential lariat branch point adenosine for the upstream acceptor
      splice site. This adenosine is found 28 bp from the splice junction and is
      contained in the sequence AGTGATGG. D-region genes, which use only the downstream
      splice site, have the sequence AGTGGTGG. We have used in vitro mutagenesis to
      change this A of the H-2Kb gene to G and have made the reciprocal change in H
      2Dd. Elimination of this adenosine in H-2Kb alters the pattern of pre-mRNA
      splicing and results in a predominance of the Kb molecules with short exon 8
      encoded sequences. However, the addition of an adenosine in H-2Dd is not
      sufficient to direct splicing to the upstream site.

PMID- 3397135
TI  - Duodenitis: a clinical, endoscopic, acid secretory and histological study in
      patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia.

PMID- 3397136
TI  - Morphological alterations of the upper gastrointestinal tract in uremic patients.

PMID- 3397137
TI  - Hassab's operation as an elective surgical procedure in portal hypertension.

PMID- 3397138
TI  - Management of malignant high bile duct obstruction.

PMID- 3397139
TI  - Effect of sublingual isosorbide dinitrate on wedged hepatic venous pressure in
      cirrhotics with portal hypertension.

PMID- 3397140
TI  - Effect of single nocturnal dose of pirenzepine versus ranitidine in duodenal
      ulcer.

PMID- 3397142
TI  - Rectal varices.

PMID- 3397141
TI  - Calcific pancreatitis and goitre in cassava toxicity.

PMID- 3397143
TI  - Adenocarcinoma of the colon in a child.

PMID- 3397144
TI  - Lack of evidence of endemicity of human immunodeficiency virus infection in
      northern India.

PMID- 3397145
TI  - Susceptibility & transmissibility of different geographical strains of Aedes
      aegypti mosquitoes to Chikungunya virus.

PMID- 3397147
TI  - Evaluation of coagglutination test for diagnosis of typhoid fever in children.

PMID- 3397146
TI  - Drug interaction during multidrug regimens for treatment of leprosy.

PMID- 3397148
TI  - Serological survey of tetanus antibodies in the Pondicherry region.

PMID- 3397149
TI  - Antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity in experimental intestinal & hepatic
      amoebiasis.

PMID- 3397150
TI  - Ventilatory function of healthy north Indian teachers--a follow up study after 10
      years.

PMID- 3397151
TI  - Anti-delta antibodies in commercial immunoglobulin preparations.

PMID- 3397152
TI  - Treatment of acute diarrhoea with wide use of ORS packets or sugar salt solution
      in a rural community.

PMID- 3397153
TI  - Susceptibility of red cells to oxidative-injury during blood preservation.

PMID- 3397155
TI  - Isolation of Campylobacter spp from the river Ganga in Varanasi.

PMID- 3397154
TI  - Non-group A streptococci in pyoderma.

PMID- 3397156
TI  - Prevalence of cryptosporidia in patients with diarrhoea in Bombay.

PMID- 3397157
TI  - Hydrolytic enzymes during pathogenesis of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection
      in rats.

PMID- 3397158
TI  - Detection of iron deficiency in pregnancy by haemoglobin, serum ferritin &
      protoporphyrin/haem ratio.

PMID- 3397159
TI  - A screening programme for gestational diabetes.

PMID- 3397160
TI  - Quantitative assessment of HbS in sickle cell heterozygotes among some tribes in
      Maharashtra.

PMID- 3397161
TI  - Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in urban environment of Bombay.

PMID- 3397162
TI  - Cardiac ultrastructure in tropical endomyocardial fibrosis.

PMID- 3397163
TI  - Effect of vitamin C administration on serum & aortic lipid profile of guineapigs.

PMID- 3397164
TI  - Autosomal translocation of chromosomes 12q & 14q in mullerian duct failure.

PMID- 3397165
TI  - Metacarpal index in normal adult Indian population.

PMID- 3397166
TI  - Clinical evaluation of chandonium iodide as muscle relaxant.

PMID- 3397167
TI  - Pathomorphologic evidence of modification of coal-induced lesions by jaggery in
      rats.

PMID- 3397168
TI  - Disseminated intravascular coagulation & disturbances in carbohydrate & fat
      metabolism in acute myocarditis produced by scorpion (Buthus tamulus) venom.

PMID- 3397170
TI  - Metoclopromide and "asthma". Case report.

PMID- 3397169
TI  - Antifertility activity of Echinops echinatus in albino rats.

PMID- 3397171
TI  - New understanding of the diarrheal disease process and new therapies.

PMID- 3397173
TI  - Thromboxane and vascular smooth muscle cell growth in genetically hypertensive
      rats.
AB  - The vascular wall has the capacity to produce thromboxane A2. However, the role
      of vascular thromboxane A2 is still uncertain. In this study, we examined the
      relationship between vascular thromboxane A2 generation and vascular smooth
      muscle cell growth in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Vascular thromboxane
      A2 generation was significantly enhanced by 49% in 5-week-old and by 117% in 15
      week-old SHR as compared with age-matched Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). Thromboxane A2
      generation was also significantly enhanced by 59% in the cultured vascular smooth
      muscle cells of SHR when compared with production in WKY. Vascular smooth muscle
      cells of SHR exhibited a significantly shortened doubling time (by 32%) and
      greater [3H]thymidine uptake (by 56%), as compared with those of WKY. OKY 046
      (10(-5) M), a thromboxane synthase inhibitor, significantly tempered the rapid
      vascular smooth muscle cell growth in SHR by 9% for doubling time and by 10% for
      [3H]thymidine uptake. OKY 046 did not influence the doubling time of WKY.
      Conversely, a stable analogue of thromboxane A2 dose-dependently stimulated the
      [3H]thymidine uptake by vascular smooth muscle cells of WKY, and, at a
      concentration of 10(-5) M, shortened the doubling time of vascular smooth muscle
      cells of WKY by 11%, whereas it showed slight effects on SHR. These data indicate
      that vascular thromboxane A2 is involved in the regulatory mechanism of vascular
      smooth muscle cell growth and that enhanced vascular thromboxane A2 generation is
      partly responsible for the rapid proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells of
      SHR. The alterations of vascular thromboxane production may be a key trait for
      genetic hypertension.

PMID- 3397172
TI  - Altered circadian blood pressure rhythm in patients with Cushing's syndrome.
AB  - The circadian blood pressure rhythm was compared in patients with Cushing's
      syndrome, essential hypertension, and primary aldosteronism. In patients with
      essential hypertension or primary aldosteronism, a clear nocturnal fall in
      systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate was observed. This fall was
      seen in untreated subjects as well as in patients receiving combined treatment
      with a calcium antagonist, diuretic, converting enzyme inhibitor, alpha-blocker
      and beta-blocker, or sympatholytic drug. In these groups, there was a positive
      correlation between heart rate and systolic or diastolic blood pressure. On the
      other hand, in patients with Cushing's syndrome, there was no nocturnal fall in
      blood pressure but in some patients a rise was observed. In all patients there
      was a nocturnal fall in heart rate. Thus, there was no significant correlation
      between heart rate and blood pressure in these patients. Exogenous glucocorticoid
      eliminated the normal nocturnal fall of blood pressure in patients with chronic
      glomerulonephritis or systemic lupus erythematosus. These results suggest that
      the changed circadian blood pressure pattern in patients with Cushing's syndrome
      is not due to antihypertensive treatment or to the mineralocorticoid excess
      accompanying this disease, but it is attributable to excess glucocorticoid or the
      associated disturbance in the adrenocorticotropic hormone-glucocorticoid system
      (or both). This conclusion also implies that the normal circadian rhythm of blood
      pressure may be regulated at least in part by the adrenocorticotropic hormone
      glucocorticoid system.

PMID- 3397174
TI  - Long-term microvascular response to hydralazine in spontaneously hypertensive
      rats.
AB  - Chronic microcirculatory alterations produced by prolonged use of a vasoactive
      drug were repeatedly observed in the same skeletal muscle vessels of the dorsal
      microcirculatory chamber. Arterioles and venules with diameters averaging from 70
      to 90 microns, the size range contributing most to peripheral vascular
      resistance, were measured daily for 6 days to determine differences in diameter,
      tortuosity, and number of branches. Hydralazine was given as a subcutaneous
      pellet (2.5 mg), with a release life of 21 days. Hydralazine caused a 39%
      dilation in arterioles of Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) at 3 hours but only an 8%
      dilation in those of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). At 6 hours,
      arterioles in both groups were similarly dilated (30-33%). Beyond 6 hours, both
      SHR and WKY arterioles returned to their prehydralazine control diameter, even
      though arterial pressure was still reduced. By Day 6, in WKY, but not SHR, there
      was an increase in the tortuosity of arterioles and a tendency for an increase in
      their number. Venous diameter was also increased on Day 6, consistent with the
      fluid retention effect of hydralazine. These data indicate that some so-called
      vasodilators may cause long-term alterations in growth of vessels rather than an
      increase in vessel caliber.

PMID- 3397176
TI  - Role of alveolar macrophages in lipopolysaccharide-induced neutrophil
      accumulation.
AB  - B6D2F1/TRU mice were exposed to a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) aerosol that resulted
      in a 1-h-postexposure lung burden of about 290 ng of LPS. This exposure caused an
      accumulation of neutrophils in the lung that peaked between 6 and 12 h after
      exposure. To determine the potential role of alveolar macrophages (AM) in the
      induction of neutrophil accumulation by LPS, 10(6) AM from normal or LPS-exposed
      mice were transferred to the lungs of groups of naive recipient mice. A third
      group of mice was instilled intratracheally with vehicle only. After 5 h, the
      lungs of the mice were lavaged and the numbers of neutrophils in the lavage
      fluids were determined. The instillation of AM from unexposed mice did not cause
      significantly more neutrophils to accumulate than did the instillation of vehicle
      only, whereas the instillation of AM from LPS-exposed mice caused nearly a
      threefold increase in the numbers of neutrophils in lavage fluids. Transfer of AM
      from LPS-exposed mice into cutaneous air pouches of naive mice also caused
      greater local neutrophil accumulation (10-fold) than did the transfer of AM from
      normal mice. Repeated freeze-thawing of the suspensions of AM before transfer to
      recipients significantly reduced the ability of the suspensions to induce
      neutrophil accumulation. This indicated that AM viability is necessary to cause a
      maximal neutrophil infiltration upon transfer of the AM. To determine the extent
      to which LPS-induced neutrophil accumulation depends on the presence of AM, the
      ability of LPS to elicit neutrophil accumulation when injected alone or together
      with AM into air pouches was determined. The injection of either AM or LPS alone
      caused few neutrophils to accumulate, whereas the injection of LPS and AM
      together caused a large number of neutrophils to accumulate. The results of this
      study indicate that LPS deposition in the lung can stimulate AM to induce
      neutrophil accumulation and that this may be the major mechanism by which LPS
      causes neutrophil accumulation.

PMID- 3397175
TI  - Changes in infectivity and plasmid profile of the Lyme disease spirochete,
      Borrelia burgdorferi, as a result of in vitro cultivation.
AB  - In vitro cultivation of Borrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of Lyme
      spirochetosis, allows for the isolation and growth of this bacterium from
      infected tissues. However, continuous cultivation in modified Kelly medium causes
      a reduction in the number of detectable plasmids and the loss of infectivity in
      the white-footed mouse, Peromyscus leucopus. In an unpassaged culture of B.
      burgdorferi, nine plasmids were present, including seven linear plasmids ranging
      in size from 49 to 16 kilobases (kb) and two circular plasmids of 27 and 7.6 kb.
      The 7.6-kb circular and 22-kb linear plasmids were no longer detectable in
      spirochetes noninfective in white-footed mice, suggesting that a gene(s) encoding
      for factors responsible for infection may be present on one or more of these
      extrachromosomal elements. Furthermore, changes in spirochetal proteins and
      lipopolysaccharide-like material were observed also during early cultivation and
      may be related to loss of infectivity.

PMID- 3397177
TI  - Specificity of the glucan-binding lectin of Streptococcus cricetus.
AB  - The specificity of the glucan-binding lectin (GBL) of Streptococcus cricetus AHT
      was determined. Examination of the kinetics of aggregation of cell suspensions
      with glucans containing various percentages of alpha-1,6, alpha-1,4, alpha-1,3,
      and alpha-1,2 anomeric linkages revealed that only glucans with at least 80%
      alpha-1,6 linkages promoted strong aggregation. Moreover, only linear glucans
      with molecular weights greater than 5 X 10(5) were capable of causing rapid
      aggregation of the bacteria. The lectin was observed to be present on S. cricetus
      strains, on Streptococcus sobrinus, and on several Streptococcus mutants strains.
      Preincubation of suspensions of S. cricetus AHT with glucan T10 (molecular weight
      of 10,000) before the addition of high-molecular-weight glucan resulted in
      competitive inhibition in a concentration-dependent manner. Inhibition was
      achieved also with isomaltopentaose, isomaltohexaose, and isomaltooctaose, but at
      higher concentrations than glucan T10. In contrast, no inhibition was observed
      with maltoheptaose, providing additional evidence for the specificity of GBL.
      Treatment of suspensions of S. cricetus AHT with trypsin before and after
      aggregation with high-molecular-weight glucan revealed a substantial level of
      protection of GBL when in a bound state. Collectively, these results indicated
      that GBL has an absolute affinity for glucans rich in alpha-1,6 linkages and
      possesses an active site which recognizes internal sequences and accommodates
      isomaltosaccharides of at least nine residues. This unusual specificity may
      contribute to the colonization of S. cricetus, S. sobrinus, and S. mutans in
      glucan-containing plaque in the oral cavity.

PMID- 3397179
TI  - Ultrastructural localization of capsules, cell wall polysaccharide, cell wall
      proteins, and F antigen in pneumococci.
AB  - The localization of pneumococcal capsular and cell wall antigens was examined by
      immunoelectron microscopy. C polysaccharide (C-Ps), a common component of all
      pneumococci, was uniformly distributed on both the inside and outside of the cell
      walls. The thickness of the C-Ps varied with the strain. Encapsulated strains
      were covered by varied amounts of capsular polysaccharide concealing the C-Ps of
      the bacteria so as to render it inaccessible to anti-C-Ps antibodies. In addition
      to C-Ps, protein antigens were demonstrable on the surface of nonencapsulated
      pneumococci. The proteins were not masked by the C-Ps layer. An extra layer on
      the cell walls was conspicuous on electron micrographs of both rough and
      encapsulated pneumococci. The nature of this extra layer has not been disclosed.
      F antigen, another common antigen of pneumococci, was uniformly distributed on
      the surface of the plasma membranes. During the course of the experimental work a
      reproducible method of gold labeling immunoglobulins was developed.

PMID- 3397178
TI  - Virulence properties and protective efficacy of the capsular polymer of
      Haemophilus (Actinobacillus) pleuropneumoniae serotype 5.
AB  - The role of the capsule of Haemophilus (Actinobacillus) pleuropneumoniae serotype
      5 in bacterial virulence, and the protective efficacy of antibody to serotype 5
      capsule was investigated. Encapsulated H. pleuropneumoniae serotype 5 were
      resistant to killing by complement and antibody to capsule or somatic antigens,
      whereas a noncapsulated mutant was sensitive to killing by the alternative
      complement pathway alone. Antiserum to whole H. pleuropneumoniae serotype 5
      bacteria or monospecific antiserum to capsule was capable of opsonizing bacteria
      of the homologous serotype for phagocytosis by swine polymorphonuclear leukocytes
      but was not opsonic for a heterologous serotype. An immunoglobulin M monoclonal
      antibody to the serotype 5 capsule was not opsonic for any serotype. Mice were
      protected against lethal, intranasal challenge with the homologous or
      heterologous serotype after immunization with live encapsulated or noncapsulated
      bacteria, but not after immunization with killed bacteria, lipopolysaccharide, or
      a capsule-protein conjugate vaccine. The protection induced by immunization with
      live bacteria was transferred to nonimmune, syngeneic mice by serum but not by
      spleen cells. Nonimmune pigs passively immunized with monospecific swine serum to
      capsule were protected from lethal infection but not from development of
      hemorrhagic lung lesions, whereas pigs passively immunized with swine antiserum
      to live bacteria did not develop severe respiratory lesions. Thus, the capsule of
      H. pleuropneumoniae serotype 5 was inhibitory to the bactericidal activity of
      serum and was antiphagocytic. Antibody to the capsule was opsonic but was not
      fully protective.

PMID- 3397180
TI  - Two distinct forms of Chlamydia psittaci associated with disease and infertility
      in Phascolarctos cinereus (koala).
AB  - While several diseases associated with Chlamydia psittaci infection have been
      reported in Phascolarctos cinereus (koala), it is still unclear whether one or
      more chlamydial strains are responsible. In this study, we provide evidence,
      obtained by restriction enzyme and gene probe analysis, that two quite distinct
      strains of C. psittaci infect koalas; one strain was isolated from the
      conjunctivae, and the other was isolated from the urogenital tract and the
      rectum. A gene probe, pFEN207, containing the coding sequence for an enzyme
      involved in the biosynthesis of the chlamydial genus-specific lipopolysaccharide
      antigen, and a separate probe, pCPML-4N, prepared from a DNA fragment of a koala
      infecting strain of C. psittaci, were used to determine the patterns of
      hybridization in the koala-infecting strains; these patterns were found to be
      quite distinct from those observed with C. psittaci isolates from other animals.
      We also demonstrated by hybridization analysis with an avian strain plasmid that
      all three koala urogenital isolates contain a plasmid and that there is no
      evidence for the presence of a homologous plasmid in any of the ocular isolates.

PMID- 3397182
TI  - Sequence analysis of the Streptococcus mutans scrB gene.
AB  - The complete nucleotide sequence of the Streptococcus mutans GS-5 scrB gene
      coding for sucrose-6-phosphate hydrolase activity was determined. A potential
      ribosome-binding site as well as promoter sequences were identified upstream from
      the gene. The deduced amino acid sequence of the enzyme suggested a molecular
      weight of 51,750, which is similar to that estimated for the enzyme isolated from
      strain GS-5. The enzyme is slightly acidic, with a pI of 5.9, and is a relatively
      hydrophilic protein. The nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the enzyme showed
      significant homology with those of the sacA protein from Bacillus subtilis. In
      addition, a region of amino acid homology with the S. mutans fructosyltransferase
      and B. subtilis levansucrase proteins was also detected.

PMID- 3397181
TI  - Mouse genetic locus Lps influences susceptibility to Neisseria meningitidis
      infection.
AB  - We surveyed a number of inbred mouse strains for susceptibility to
      meningococcemia. Mice of all strains became bacteremic after intraperitoneal
      injection of a serogroup C, serotype 2a human disease isolate, but the strains
      differed in levels of bacteremia, indicating influences of the host genome on
      susceptibility. There was no significant correlation between level of bacteremia
      and differences at major histocompatibility or immunoglobulin loci; the
      Salmonella susceptibility locus, Ity; the complement C5 locus, Hc; the antibody
      response locus, xid; or the transferrin locus, Trf. However, the Lps locus, which
      influences a range of host cellular responses to endotoxin and affects
      susceptibility to Salmonella typhimurium, did influence susceptibility to
      meningococcemia. There were significant differences in levels of bacteremia
      between C3H/HeJ (Lpsd) mice and each of the other strains (all Lpsn). We
      confirmed the association of the Lpsd genotype with susceptibility by using
      coisogenic strains from two widely separated mouse lineages: C3H and B10. Lpsd
      mice experienced a 1,000-fold proliferation of bacteria and were bacteremic for
      days before clearing the infection. In contrast, Lpsn mice cleared the bacteremia
      in less than 1 day. There was no difference in meningococcal growth in vitro in
      serum from C3H/HeJ and coisogenic C3H/HeN (Lpsn) mice, suggesting that the Lps
      related difference in susceptibility may involve a cellular response.

PMID- 3397185
TI  - Influence of genetic background on host resistance to experimental murine
      tularemia.
AB  - The host response to experimental murine tularemia was examined in different
      inbred mouse strains. The kinetics of growth of Francisella tularensis live
      vaccine strain (LVS) in the livers and spleens of A and C57BL/6 mice were
      monitored, and it was observed that mice of the A strain were more susceptible to
      the proliferation of LVS than were C57BL/6 mice. The difference was most marked 5
      days following infection, when the number of bacteria isolated from the spleens
      of A mice was found to exceed that of C57BL/6 mice by 100-fold. In addition, the
      C57BL/6 strain exhibited a more pronounced splenomegaly 8 days after infection
      than did the A strain. When the response of other inbred strains was evaluated by
      determining the splenic count of LVS on day 5 postinfection, several levels of
      antiularemic resistance were observed. Mice of the AKR, BALB/cBy, C57BL/10, and
      SJL strains were found to be most resistant, while SM mice were most susceptible
      to the proliferation of LVS. The DBA/2, CBA, 129, C3H/HeJ, and A strains
      expressed a resistance phenotype which was intermediate between the two extremes,
      with A and C3H/HeJ mice being somewhat more susceptible than DBA/2, CBA, or 129
      mice. The trait of resistance or susceptibility was analyzed genetically in
      (C57BL/6 x A)F1 hybrid mice and in F2 generation and recombinant inbred (RI)
      mouse strains derived from C57BL/6 (resistant) and A (susceptible) strain
      progenitors. The F1 progeny exhibited a level of resistance to infection which
      was similar to that of the resistant parent. In both the F2 generation mice and
      the RI strains, a continuous spectrum of resistance levels was observed. The
      results of these experiments indicate that the genetic background of the host
      influences host resistance to experimental murine tularemia and that multiple
      genetic loci are involved in this response.

PMID- 3397183
TI  - Susceptibility of germfree or antibiotic-treated adult mice to Cryptosporidium
      parvum.
AB  - Adult mice are more resistant than neonatal mice to intestinal colonization with
      the protozoan parasite Cryptosporidium parvum. Development of a mature intestinal
      flora may play a role in this resistance. We compared susceptibilities to
      colonization with C. parvum in adult conventional mice, adult germfree mice, and
      adult conventional mice treated with oral antibiotics to deplete the intestinal
      flora. Germfree mice of both CD1 and BALB/c strains were colonized at day 7
      following inoculation with C. parvum oocysts isolated from the feces of an
      infected, diarrheic calf. Age-matched conventional mice of the same strains were
      comparatively resistant to colonization. Conventional mice treated with
      antibiotics remained resistant to colonization. These results suggest that the
      microflora in the intestine was not the sole determinant of resistance or
      susceptibility to colonization. The germfree adult mouse as an experimental model
      of cryptosporidiosis is discussed.

PMID- 3397184
TI  - Membrane-associated antigens of blood stages of Plasmodium, brasilianum, a
      quartan malaria parasite.
AB  - The localization of Plasmodium brasilianum-derived antigens in short and long
      clefts within the cytoplasm of infected erythrocytes and in association with
      knobs of the host cell membrane was demonstrated by immunoelectron microscopy
      with monoclonal antibodies. Our results document that malaria-induced short and
      long clefts, previously distinguishable only by morphology, differ also in
      antigenic composition. Another parasite-derived antigen was found to be
      associated with the parasitophorous vacuole space in schizonts. In segmenters,
      this antigen was present in large amounts between merozoites and in the cytoplasm
      of infected cells. These antigens were characterized by biosynthetic labeling and
      gel electrophoresis.

PMID- 3397186
TI  - Systemic uptake and intestinal inflammatory effects of luminal bacterial cell
      wall polymers in rats with acute colonic injury.
AB  - The systemic uptake and local intestinal inflammatory potential of luminal
      bacterial cell wall polymers in rats with normal and acutely inflamed colons were
      measured. Rats were injected intracecally with either 125I-labeled group A
      streptococcal peptidoglycan-polysaccharide complexes or equal amounts of Na125I,
      after either nonspecific colonic injury with 4% acetic acid or injection with
      buffer. The colons of rats injected with peptidoglycan-polysaccharide had higher
      inflammatory scores than Na125I-injected rats, a greater incidence of mucosal
      ulceration and transmural inflammation after acetic acid injury, and an increased
      frequency of focal accumulations of inflammatory cells in the lamina propria and
      submucosa after buffer injection. Radioactivity in the liver, spleen, and
      mesenteric lymph nodes was higher in the colon-injured rats that received
      peptidoglycan-polysaccharide 48 h before tissue collection than in the noninjured
      rats (P less than 0.002). Group A streptococcal polysaccharide antigen
      concentration within the liver, spleen, and mesenteric lymph nodes, measured by
      enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, was significantly higher in the colon-injured
      rats that received cell wall polymers than in noninjured rats. These results
      indicate that luminal bacterial cell wall polymers with well-described
      inflammatory and immunoregulatory potential can cross injured colonic epithelia
      and are capable of initiating and potentiating intestinal inflammation.

PMID- 3397187
TI  - Differences in virulence for mice among strains of Mycoplasma pulmonis.
AB  - The mouse model of acute murine respiratory mycoplasmosis was used to screen 18
      strains of Mycoplasma pulmonis for their ability to establish respiratory
      infections and produce gross lung lesions in the susceptible C3H/HeN mouse
      strain. All experiments were designed to minimize host, environmental, and
      microbial differences to ensure that experimental results would reflect
      differences in mycoplasmal virulence. There were differences in the 50%
      infectious dose (range, 3 X 10(2) to greater than 10(7) CFU) and the 50% gross
      pneumonia dose (range, 10(3) to greater than 10(7) CFU) among the 18 mycoplasmal
      strains. Only 10 strains (UAB CT, M1, UAB 5782C, UAB 6510, 66, UAB T, UAB 8145D,
      Nelson C, Peter C, and Negroni) established respiratory infections, and only 2 of
      the 10 strains (UAB CT and M1) produced gross lung lesions. Strains UAB CT, UAB
      T, M1, UAB 5782C, and PG34(ASH) were chosen for qualitative and quantitative
      evaluation of lung lesions in C3H/HeN and C57BL/6N mice. Lesion incidence and
      severity was dependent on the mycoplasmal strain and the mouse strain.
      Microscopic lesions varied among mycoplasmal strains and mouse strains in the
      amount of lymphoid infiltrate, neutrophilic exudate, and consolidation, as well
      as overall severity. The most virulent strain, UAB CT, produced acute pneumonitis
      in the 10(7) CFU dosage group and required a threshold dose of 10(3) CFU to
      consistently produce microscopic lung lesions. These results suggest that M.
      pulmonis virulence is multifactorial and different strains of mycoplasmas yield
      disease expressions that differ both qualitatively and quantitatively.

PMID- 3397189
TI  - Colony opacity, hemadsorption, hemolysis, and mitogenicity are not associated
      with virulence of Mycoplasma pulmonis.
AB  - Colony opacity, hemadsorption and hemolysis of erythrocytes, and the ability of
      whole mycoplasmal cells to induce a blastogenic response when incubated with
      C3H/HeN or C57BL/6 mouse lymphocytes were examined for 18 strains of Mycoplasma
      pulmonis to determine if any of these characteristics could be associated with
      virulence in vivo. Although there were differences among strains in each of these
      characteristics, none of these parameters were associated with virulence.

PMID- 3397188
TI  - Clearance of different strains of Mycoplasma pulmonis from the respiratory tract
      of C3H/HeN mice.
AB  - Pathogen-free C3H/HeN mice were exposed by aerosol to Mycoplasma pulmonis
      PG34(ASH), UAB 5782C, M1, UAB T, or UAB CT, and clearance of mycoplasmas from the
      nasal passages, trachea, and lungs was determined during the first 72 h
      postinoculation (PI). There were differences among strains of mycoplasmas in
      physical removal of organisms and in killing by nonspecific factors in the nasal
      passages and trachea. The avirulent strain, PG34(ASH), was quickly removed from
      the nasal passages and trachea. Physical removal of the other mycoplasmal strains
      occurred slowly, with 60 to 89% of the radioactive label remaining in the nasal
      passages and trachea even after 72 h. There were significant differences in
      killing among mycoplasmal strains by nonspecific host mechanisms in the nasal
      passages, trachea, and lungs. Strain UAB T was quickly killed at all levels of
      the respiratory tract. Strains UAB 5782C and M1 were killed at all three sites by
      2 to 4 h PI. The most virulent strain, UAB CT, was killed much more slowly than
      the other strains. However, there was no statistical difference in the relative
      numbers of mycoplasmas present in the lungs at 72 h PI among strains UAB CT, UAB
      5782C, and M1. These studies showed that the different mycoplasmal strains were
      cleared from the respiratory tract by different mechanisms and suggest that the
      differences in virulence among the mycoplasma strains can be explained, in part,
      by the differences in elimination of the organisms from the respiratory tract by
      nonspecific host defense mechanisms.

PMID- 3397190
TI  - Small, antibacterial and large, inactive peptides of neutrophil granules share
      immunoreactivity to a monoclonal antibody.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies were raised against a bactericidal protein fraction that
      was purified from an extract of bovine neutrophil granules and that was
      previously shown (A. Savoini, R. Marzari, L. Dolzani, D. Serrano, G. Graziosi, R.
      Gennaro, and D. Romeo, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 26:405-407, 1984) to inhibit
      bacterial DNA synthesis. One of these antibodies, BP97, was covalently linked to
      Affi-Gel 10 and was used for immunoaffinity chromatography of granule extracts.
      Elution of the bound proteins, followed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid
      chromatography, generated several peptides whose molecular weights fell in the
      range of 1,600 to 64,000 and which reacted to BP97 but not to other mouse
      monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies. The reaction to BP97 appeared to be
      specific, inasmuch as a full panel of cationic oligo- or polypeptides was not
      recognized by this monoclonal antibody. Among the purified granule polypeptides,
      the more cationic ones (with molecular weights of 4,300 to 8,000) inhibited the
      growth of Escherichia coli at a MIC of 12 to 50 micrograms/ml. In addition, a
      1,600-molecular-weight, highly cationic peptide also inhibited the growth of
      Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis at MICs of 3 to 8
      micrograms/ml.

PMID- 3397191
TI  - Expression of the glucan-binding lectin of Streptococcus cricetus requires
      manganous ion.
AB  - Streptococcus cricetus AHT exhibited a requirement for manganese for growth and
      expression of the glucan-binding lectin. While low concentrations of manganese
      (0.1 to 10 microM) were able to support growth, higher concentrations (greater
      than 100 microM) were required for full expression of the glucan-binding lectin.
      The manganous-aquo ion may be important in cellular adhesion and accumulation
      processes in dental plaque.

PMID- 3397193
TI  - The positive value of negative results.

PMID- 3397192
TI  - [Inhibition of muscle amino acid release by infusion of a triglyceride emulsion].
AB  - Amino acid balances of 12 healthy volunteers were investigated with the forearm
      technique under the influence of an intravenous infusion of a long-chain
      triglyceride emulsion (LCT). Arterial concentrations of the amino acids declined
      due to a decrease of basal muscular release of most of the amino acids. Decreased
      phenylalanine and tyrosine output suggest that muscular proteolysis might be
      inhibited. With constant insulin and substantially unchanged blood glucose
      concentrations, this is apparently due to the increased concentration of free
      fatty acids.

PMID- 3397194
TI  - The effects of probucol on QT/QS2 relation and systolic time intervals.
AB  - The QT, QTc, QS2 intervals, pre-ejection period-left ventricular ejection time
      ratios and serum lipoprotein levels were measured in 8 patients with primary
      hypercholesterolemia before and after a 3-month therapy with probucol, 1 g/day.
      Both QT and QTc intervals increased significantly, whereas no significant changes
      were observed between the pre- and post-treatment QT/QS2 and pre-ejection period
      left ventricular ejection time ratios. These results help to explain why
      treatment with probucol, while effecting a prolongation of the QTc interval, does
      not result in serious arrhythmias in man.

PMID- 3397195
TI  - R wave amplitude changes during stress testing in ischemic patients with normal
      epicardial coronary arteries.
AB  - R wave amplitude changes during stress testing were validated in 12 ischemic
      patients with normal coronary angiograms. The data were compared with findings
      obtained from 10 patients with clinical and angiographic evidence of coronary
      arterial disease and 10 normal controls. An abnormal R wave amplitude response
      occurred in 83.3% of the group with normal coronary angiography, in 80% of the
      group of patients with clinical and angiographic evidence of coronary arterial
      disease, and in only 10% of the control group. The similarity of R wave amplitude
      changes in the first two group suggests that these changes are related to
      ischemia. If so, then R wave amplitude response to exercise could be of value in
      the electrocardiographic diagnosis of ischemia in patients with angiographically
      normal coronary arteries.

PMID- 3397197
TI  - Plasma free and intraplatelet serotonin in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon.
AB  - Plasma free and intraplatelet serotonin concentrations were measured by high
      performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrochemical detection, in 30
      patients with Raynaud's phenomenon of various etiologies. Serotonin was
      significantly higher in plasma (P less than 0.005) and in platelets (P less than
      0.005) from Raynaud's patients than from normal controls. Moreover, plasma
      circulating serotonin could differentiate primary from secondary Raynaud's
      phenomenon, with significantly higher levels (P less than 0.05) for patients with
      an underlying connective tissue disease. Our data indicate a role for serotonin
      in Raynaud's phenomenon.

PMID- 3397196
TI  - Prolonged PR interval associated with an abnormal frontal plane QRS axis as an
      electrocardiographic criterion of left ventricular function.
AB  - The aim of this study was to investigate whether, in patients who had had one or
      more myocardial infarctions, the electrocardiographic appearances of prolonged PR
      interval associated with an abnormal frontal plane QRS axis are correlated with
      the value of left ventricular ejection fraction. Seventy-three consecutive
      patients all of whom had had at least one myocardial infarction, were divided
      into 3 groups: Group A, 22 patients having on their electrocardiogram a prolonged
      PR interval and an abnormal frontal plane QRS axis; Group B, 15 patients having
      an abnormal QRS axis as a solitary conduction disturbance; and Group C, 36
      patients without conduction abnormalities. The ejection fraction, determined in
      all patients by gated blood pool imaging, was found to be 30% +/- 8 (mean +/- 1
      SD) in Group A, 53% +/- 21 in Group B, and 52% +/- 14 in Group C (P less than
      0.001). An ejection fraction of less than 40% was found in 91% of patients in
      Group A, in 33.33% in Group B, and in 8.33% in Group C (P less than 0.01).
      Multiple segment ventricular wall contraction abnormalities were found in 50,
      6.66, and 11.11%, respectively (P less than 0.001). It can be presumed,
      therefore, that in patients after one or more myocardial infarctions, this
      association of conduction abnormalities signifies a severe impairment of
      ventricular contractility and may identify a subgroup with a high prevalence of
      severely depressed ejection fraction.

PMID- 3397198
TI  - Pulmonary stenosis with intact ventricular septum: documentation of development
      of the lesion echocardiographically during fetal life.
AB  - We describe a case of severe pulmonary stenosis with intact interventricular
      septum diagnosed during fetal life at 34 weeks gestational age. An
      echocardiographic examination had been performed on the same fetus at 20 weeks,
      when no cardiac anomalies were observed. It is concluded that this form of
      pulmonary stenosis might be a lesion either acquired during fetal life or
      becoming progressively more severe in the prenatal period.

PMID- 3397200
TI  - Obstructive calcification of the thoracic aorta revealed by dilated
      cardiomyopathy.
AB  - Obstructive calcification of the thoracic aorta appears as acquired coarctation
      of the aorta. The case we present is of note because it presented as a dilated
      cardiomyopathy. The diagnosis, suspected on chest X-ray, was confirmed by
      catheterization, aortic angiography and thoracic computer tomography. The patient
      underwent aortic endarterectomy, but died in the post-operative period. Review of
      the literature shows that the pathogenesis of the condition remains unclear.

PMID- 3397199
TI  - The vectorcardiogram in infants undergoing arterial switch repair.
AB  - Twenty-five patients with transposition of the great arteries underwent primary
      arterial switch repair between July 1985 to October 1986. Twenty infants had
      intact ventricular septum or small ventricular septal defect while 5 infants also
      had moderate or large ventricular septal defects. Median age of switch repair was
      2.9 weeks in those with small ventricular septal defect or intact septum and 7.6
      weeks in those with significant defects. Vectorcardiograms were performed weekly
      preoperatively and then up to 4 to 6 months postoperatively. Cardiac
      catheterisation was performed preoperatively. Correlation between a left-to-right
      ventricular pressure ratio of more or less than 0.7 was made with a
      vectorcardiogram taken near cardiac catheterization. Preoperative
      vectorcardiograms in patients with essentially intact ventricular septum showed
      normal maximal spatial voltages in 60 and 65% (left and right) although 70% had
      clockwise horizontal loops. There was poor correlation between maximal spatial
      voltages and loops of the vectorcardiogram with the left-to-right ventricular
      pressure ratio at catheterization. Three of 5 patients with large ventricular
      septal defects had decreased left maximal spatial voltages or clockwise loops
      preoperatively. This suggests low left ventricular pressure ratio but at
      catheterization all had elevated pressure ratios. Despite decreased left maximal
      spatial voltages or clockwise horizontal loops in many patients in both groups,
      all survived the arterial switch procedure. Postoperatively, the vectorcardiogram
      normalized in those with essentially intact septum within a mean of 4 weeks but
      took longer in the others. The vectorcardiogram is unreliable in assessing
      suitability for the arterial switch procedure in the first 3 months of
      life.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3397201
TI  - Non-invasive diagnosis of ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm by pulsed Doppler
      echocardiography.
AB  - Six cases of ruptured aneurysm of the sinus of Valsalva into the right ventricle,
      including two post-operative patients with residual murmurs have been reported.
      Complete diagnosis, including that of residual and associated defects, was made
      non-invasively using cross-sectional and pulsed Doppler echocardiographic
      studies. The exact site of rupture was localized by a continuous flow signal in
      the right ventricle. The diagnosis was subsequently confirmed by cardiac
      catheterization and angiocardiography in each case.

PMID- 3397202
TI  - Left atrial isomerism combined with right-sided heart, common atrium, incomplete
      atrioventricular septal defect and partial anomalous systemic and pulmonary
      venous drainage. Report of a case with successful surgical correction.
AB  - Precise preoperative diagnostic clarification was accomplished in an infant with
      left atrial isomerism. The inner/outer arrangement of the pulmonary/systemic
      veins in relation to the posterior wall of the common atrium necessitated a
      specific baffle in order to prevent pulmonary or systemic venous obstruction. The
      development of a sick sinus syndrome six months after surgery is in keeping with
      the natural history of the disease.

PMID- 3397203
TI  - Sinuatrial disease causing persistent fetal bradycardia: intrauterine detection
      and management.
AB  - We report a case of sustained sinus bradycardia, detected at 32 weeks gestation
      and confirmed by echocardiography, where emergency caesarian section was avoided
      by demonstration of normal intrauterine cord blood pH and oxygen tension.
      Delivery at 37 weeks produced a healthy girl who required no resuscitation. The
      bradycardia persisted and, in the absence of structural heart disease, was
      attributed to sinuatrial disease. Persistent fetal sinus bradycardia is not
      necessarily an indication for urgent delivery.

PMID- 3397204
TI  - Knowledge and opinions of alcohol intervention workers in Ontario, Canada,
      regarding issues affecting male gays and lesbians: Parts I and II.
AB  - The survey took the form of a mailed questionnaire that was filled out
      anonymously. Eighty-five returns made up a 77% response rate. Overall,
      respondents felt that there were more heavy drinkers in the gay community than in
      the general, that sexual orientation should be taken into account when
      intervention takes place, and that the situation is not one that encourages gays
      to come for treatment. By and large comments disapproved of homophobia rather
      than of homosexuality. Not many respondents showed that they knew much on lesbian
      male gay differences, but there were a few whose open-ended answers showed that
      they were insightful on homosexuals in general.

PMID- 3397205
TI  - Patient-staff governance in methadone maintenance treatment: a study in
      participative decision making.
AB  - To help counteract some methadone patients' unfavorable attitudes to treatment
      and consequent antitherapeutic behaviors, a participative decision-making model
      was implemented in two methadone maintenance programs. Team building was used to
      initiate collaboration between patients and staff, resulting in the establishment
      of joint patient-staff governance committees. Outcomes as measured by the Client
      Attitudes Toward Methadone Programs (CAMP) Scale (a new instrument developed for
      the study) and by patients' supplementary drug use showed no statistically
      significant changes. The process evaluation, however, indicated that the
      committees had positive results in increasing communication and understanding
      between patients and staff, and in improving the efficiency of certain clinic
      procedures. The study analyzes the organizational dilemmas encountered in
      implementing participative decision making in drug treatment programs and gives
      recommendations for promoting future work in this area.

PMID- 3397207
TI  - The association of alcoholic subtype with treatment outcome: an 18-month follow
      up.
AB  - The present paper reports upon the association between alcoholic subtype and
      treatment response. The subjects participated in an inpatient alcohol treatment
      program at the Tuscaloosa Veterans Administration Medical Center. Following
      discharge, the subjects were contacted at 1, 6, 12, and 18 months to evaluate
      current drinking status and psychosocial outcome. Results indicate that drinking
      outcome is only moderately associated with alcoholic subtype. However,
      psychosocial outcome is consistently related to the subtypes. Specifically, Type
      III (chronic-organic) and Type V (bright-unrealistic) alcoholics do poorly while
      Type II (impulsive) report few problems. The need to develop better "fits" of
      treatment and alcoholic is discussed, as are possible adjunctive treatments for
      the typology presented.

PMID- 3397206
TI  - Targeting high-risk groups on campus for drug and alcohol prevention: an
      examination and assessment.
AB  - This study examines the ability of a long-standing, comprehensive drug and
      alcohol abuse prevention program at a New England University to accurately target
      persons at high risk for substance abuse. Results suggest that even a university
      with such a multifaceted program may not be successfully directing its services
      to those in greatest need. While moderate levels of awareness regarding
      prevention and treatment services do exist, heavier users are no more likely than
      lighter users to be knowledgeable about or to have received available educational
      or treatment assistance.

PMID- 3397208
TI  - Serous papillary cystadenoma of borderline malignancy of broad ligament. A report
      of 25 cases.
AB  - The clinical and pathological features of 25 serous papillary cystadenomas of
      borderline malignancy of the broad ligament were analyzed. The ages of the
      patients ranged from 19 to 67 (average, 32) years. The clinical presentation was
      lower abdominal pain, pelvic pain or both in five cases, accompanied by
      menometrorrhagia or amenorrhea in three cases. One patient was thought to have an
      acute abdominal disorder. The tumors of the remaining 19 patients were discovered
      either on routine gynecological examination or during an evaluation of the
      pregnancy status of the patient. In 14 cases the tumor was located in the left
      broad ligament and in 11 cases it was on the right side; all the tumors were
      entirely separated from the ipsilateral ovary. On gross examination the tumors
      were 1-13 cm in greatest dimension, had smooth outer surfaces, and contained
      straw-colored, watery fluid. The inner lining bore single or multiple 0.3-2.5 cm
      excrescences. Microscopic examination revealed that the cyst walls and their
      excrescences were lined by simple to pseudostratified, cuboidal to columnar,
      focally ciliated epithelium. Slight nuclear atypism, very rare mitotic activity,
      and focal psammoma body formation were also found. The stroma resembled ovarian
      stroma but no primary follicles or follicular derivatives were identified. Twenty
      three of the patients were alive and well from 0.5 to 11 years after excision of
      the tumor, one patient was disease-free for 8.5 years but died of an open-heart
      surgical procedure; and two patients were lost to follow-up examination.

PMID- 3397210
TI  - Eosinophilic endomyometritis associated with diagnostic curettage.
AB  - Histological study of hysterectomy specimens removed for noninflammatory and
      nonneoplastic disease revealed 15 severe cases and many more slight cases of
      eosinophil leukocytic endomyometritis, the degree of which appeared to correlate
      with injury from preoperative diagnostic curettage. In each case of severe
      eosinophilic endomyometritis, circumferential mucosal and extensive myometrial
      damage together with an occluding blood clot at the level of the inner orifice
      was confirmed. The massive eosinophilia appeared any time between 18 h and 21
      days after curettage, and it is proposed that the probable causative agents are
      eosinophil chemotactic substances liberated from the myometrial mast cells and
      from the degrading blood clot filling the uterine cavity. There were no clinical
      signs or symptoms that appeared to correlate with the histological changes
      observed in this study. This phenomenon may serve as a model for studying the
      dynamics and functions of eosinophilic leukocytes in humans.

PMID- 3397209
TI  - Idiopathic postmenopausal decidual reaction of the endometrium. A
      clinicopathologic analysis of four cases.
AB  - The clinical and pathological features of four cases of endometrial decidual
      reaction in postmenopausal women are described. There was no evident exogenous or
      endogenous source of progesterone excess in any of the patients. The pathological
      findings, including bulky polypoid tissue, necrosis, cellular pleomorphism,
      signet-ring-like decidual cells, and glandular atypia, raised the possibility of
      a malignant tumor in two of the cases. This report appears to be the first
      documenting an idiopathic decidual reaction in the endometrium of a
      postmenopausal patient.

PMID- 3397211
TI  - Leiomyomas of the ovary.
AB  - Two cases of ovarian leiomyoma as casual findings in oophorectomy specimens are
      reported. Both were small (1.5 and 1.0 cm), one had leiomyoblastomatous and
      symplastic features, and the other was associated with an adjoining multilocular
      mucinous cystadenoma and atypical hyperplasia in the endometrium. Both coexisted
      with uterine leiomyomas, which they resemble morphologically. Distinction from
      thecoma-fibroma was made by the immunohistochemical demonstration of desmin and
      characteristic electronmicroscopic features of smooth muscle.

PMID- 3397213
TI  - Failure of auto-infection with Hymenolepis nana in seven inbred strains of mice
      initially given beetle-derived cysticercoids.

PMID- 3397212
TI  - The monogenean skin parasite Entobdella soleae: movement of adults and juveniles
      from host to host (Solea solea).

PMID- 3397214
TI  - Changes in gastrointestinal mucosal mass and mucosal and serum gastrin in sheep
      experimentally infected with Ostertagia circumcincta.

PMID- 3397215
TI  - Changes in resistance of Ostertagia spp. to thiabendazole following natural
      selection or treatment with levamisole.

PMID- 3397217
TI  - Relationship between basophils and eosinophils in cutaneous basophil
      hypersensitivity reactions in guinea pigs and susceptibility to Trichostrongylus
      colubriformis infection.

PMID- 3397218
TI  - Host-parasite associations of Eimeria spp. (Apicomplexa:Eimeriidae) in rock
      wallabies, Petrogale spp. (Marsupialia:Macropodidae).

PMID- 3397219
TI  - Contracaecum osculatum (Nematoda:Anisakidae) in fish and seals in Bothnian Bay
      (northeastern Baltic Sea).

PMID- 3397216
TI  - Tryptophan hydroxylase and aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase activities in the
      tissues of adult Ascaris suum.

PMID- 3397221
TI  - The role of pH in the infestation of sheep by Lucilia cuprina larvae.

PMID- 3397220
TI  - Studies on BCG immunotherapy in mice infected with Mesocestoides corti.

PMID- 3397223
TI  - Infectivity, growth and development of Echinostoma liei (Trematoda) in the
      domestic chick.

PMID- 3397222
TI  - Hymenolepis nana: peripheral leucocyte response in mice maintained at different
      environmental temperatures.

PMID- 3397225
TI  - A two year longitudinal study of poststroke mood disorders: prognostic factors
      related to one and two year outcome.
AB  - In a prospective study of mood disorders in 103 stroke patients, we examined the
      predictive value of affective, cognitive, social and neurologic variables
      obtained in-hospital and at six months poststroke in terms of outcome as
      determined by the same measures at one and two years follow-up. The following
      factors were found to have prognostic significance: 1) Lesion Location: proximity
      of the lesion on CT scan to the frontal pole in patients with left anterior
      infarcts showed a strong positive relationship with severity of depression at one
      year but not at two years poststroke. 2) Affective Status: depression (in
      hospital and at 6 months) strongly predicted depression at one year but not at
      two years poststroke. Additionally, in-hospital depression significantly
      correlated with physical impairment at two years, while depression at six months
      bore a moderate relationship to physical impairment at one year. 3) Physical
      Impairment: impairment in activities of daily living in-hospital bore a modest
      relationship to depression at one year while such impairment at six months
      correlated strongly with depression at both one and two years. These findings may
      reflect the natural course of major depression which remits between one and two
      years poststroke. Although stroke lesion location is the strongest predictor of
      subsequent depression, there appears to be a reciprocal relationship between
      physical impairment and depression (i.e., depression predicts impairment and
      impairment predicts depression). Since poststroke depressions are amenable to
      therapeutic intervention, these prognostic factors may have implications for the
      treatment and rehabilitation of stroke patients.

PMID- 3397224
TI  - Detection and treatment of major depression in older medically ill hospitalized
      patients.
AB  - While major depression is common among medically ill older inpatients, little is
      known about the frequency of detection or appropriate treatment in this
      population. In the present study, 171 consecutive men age seventy and over
      admitted to the medical and neurological services of a VA medical center were
      screened for major depression. The medical records of all patients identified
      with this disorder were reviewed for documentation of depression by housestaff 1)
      prior to our evaluation and 2) throughout the rest of the hospital stay. Relative
      and absolute contraindications to antidepressant therapy were also sought. Of
      patients identified with major depression, 20 percent (3/15) had depressive
      symptoms documented in their charts by housestaff prior to our evaluation. After
      housestaff were informed of the possibility of major depression, 27 percent
      (4/15) of these patients eventually received psychiatric consultations, and 13
      percent (2/15) had antidepressants initiated. At the time of discharge only 13
      percent (2/15) had followup plans documented in their medical record to provide
      ongoing therapy or any therapy for depression after discharge. While this low
      detection rate and less than adequate treatment may indicate a lack of
      sensitivity on the part of clinicians to depression in this population, the
      reluctance to use antidepressants may be partly explained by the observation that
      87 percent (13/15) of depressed patients had relative or absolute
      contraindications to antidepressants.

PMID- 3397226
TI  - Premenstrual syndrome and locus of control.
AB  - Seventy-six women completed a three-month prospective evaluation for premenstrual
      syndrome (PMS). As a part of the evaluation, they completed Rotter's Locus of
      Control (LOC) form in the follicular phase and premenstrually. It was found that
      the LOC scores of women meeting criteria for PMS rose significantly (became more
      "external") premenstrually, while scores of women without PMS did not show
      significant change. In addition, the premenstrual LOC scores of women meeting
      criteria for PMS were significantly higher than were scores of the non-PMS women.
      The results are consistent with the idea that cycle related changes in self
      perception occur in women demonstrating PMS symptomatology.

PMID- 3397227
TI  - Anhedonic ejaculation with desipramine.
AB  - Sexual dysfunction secondary to antidepressant drugs is an under-recognized
      clinical problem, and likely an important factor in noncompliance with treatment.
      We report two patients with anhedonic ejaculation (ejaculation without orgasm)
      associated with initiation of treatment with desipramine.

PMID- 3397228
TI  - Hypopituitarism presenting as delirium.
AB  - A case of hypopituitarism following childbirth (Sheehan's Syndrome) presenting
      with delirium is described. Diagnosis was confirmed with pituitary stimulation
      tests and the patient remains symptom-free for the last three years on
      maintenance hormonal therapy.

PMID- 3397229
TI  - Cochlear implants in children: physiological considerations.
AB  - Cochlear implants now play a standard role in the management of adults with
      acquired profound sensorineural deafness. Their role in children is more
      controversial. However, as demonstrated by a 1979 report on childhood deafness in
      the European Communities, there is no reason for complacency in the present
      management of profoundly deaf children. Transtympanic electrocochleography has
      been used as a method of estimating neural survival in deafened adults being
      assessed for the U.C.H./R.N.I.D. single channel extracochlear implant and also in
      a parallel group of profoundly deaf children referred by a paediatric hearing
      assessment clinic. In adults the effectiveness of electrocochleography in judging
      neural survival was monitored by electrical stimulation of the cochlea and found
      to be significantly effective. This result was extrapolated to the paediatric
      group to estimate the proportion of congenitally deaf children who might benefit
      from a cochlear implant. It is suggested that in a programme designed to implant
      such children at 2 years of age, techniques should be chosen that neither damage
      the cochlea nor the middle ear sound conducting mechanism.

PMID- 3397230
TI  - The role of C.T. scans in managing the orbital complications of ethmoiditis.
AB  - Thirty-three cases of ethmoidities with orbital complications were reviewed to
      determine the accuracy of clinical diagnosis and the benefit of CT scans in
      planning treatment. Patients were classified according to the Schramm et al. 1982
      criteria of orbital involvement with ethmoiditis: periorbital cellulitis with
      chemosis (PCC)-9, and orbital cellulitis (OC)-11, subperiosteal abscess (SPA)-9,
      and orbital abscess (OA)-4. These patients received CT scans acutely for
      diagnostic purposes and demonstrated an 84% accuracy with the final clinical
      groupings. Of 33 patients, 9 had a shift in clinical classification based on the
      CT scan result interpreted by the Radiology Department or surgical findings.
      There were no false positives in the periorbital or orbital cellulitis patients,
      and no false negatives in the subperiosteal and orbital abscess patients. Thus
      classification changes caused no change from medical to surgical treatment in any
      of the cases. The conclusion is that a knowledgeable clinical exam established
      the correct grouping in 70% of the patients versus 82% with the CT scan. An
      urgent CT scan is advised for patients in clinical groups SPA, OA, or cavernous
      sinus thrombosis (CST) to determine the imminent need for surgery, as the cases
      may be underestimated. Patients with PC or PCC can be managed medically with
      elective CT scans not routinely indicated.

PMID- 3397231
TI  - Choanal atresia and associated anomalies: the CHARGE association.
AB  - Over the past few years there has been increasing awareness of the association of
      choanal atresia with other congenital defects. Thirty-one cases of choanal
      atresia were reviewed and other congenital anomalies were documented in 19
      patients. These other anomalies were identified in 75% of the 20 patients with
      bilateral choanal atresia but in only 36% of the 11 patients with unilateral
      choanal atresia. Associated defects largely occurred in a predictable pattern
      described by the CHARGE mnemonic: C-coloboma, H-heart disease, A-atresia choanae,
      R-retarded growth, G-genital hypoplasia, E-ear defects. The implications of the
      CHARGE association in the management of patients with choanal atresia are
      discussed.

PMID- 3397232
TI  - The use of nasopharyngoscopy biofeedback therapy in the correction of
      inconsistent velopharyngeal closure.
AB  - Nasopharyngoscopy was used as a visual feedback tool in a 10-year-old girl who
      had a repaired bilateral cleft lip and palate and was unable to establish
      velopharyngeal closure during production of sibilant-fricative sounds. After one
      session, the patient was able to achieve velopharyngeal closure consistently
      during speech. Nasopharyngoscopy biofeedback therapy may be a useful tool to help
      children to achieve consistent velopharyngeal closure during connected discourse.

PMID- 3397233
TI  - Flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy in the neonatal intensive care unit.
AB  - The pediatric otolaryngologist is often asked to evaluate intubated patients in
      the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) because of sudden deterioration in
      respiratory status unresponsive to medical management. Previously, evaluation of
      infants required transportation to the operating room for rigid endoscopy. At the
      present time, however, flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy may be performed on such
      patients in the NICU as an initial diagnostic or therapeutic measure. The
      procedure is performed through an endotracheal tube or tracheostomy tube already
      in place, thereby assuring maintenance of a safe airway. Ten representative cases
      are presented detailing the indications, technique and potential applications in
      the NICU.

PMID- 3397234
TI  - Late ear sequelae in cleft palate patients.
AB  - This retrospective study looks at the incidence and nature of ear disease in 50
      adolescent patients who had cleft palates repaired in infancy. Half of these
      patients had a history of grommet insertion. We found that most patients had
      normal hearing (81%) and middle-ear pressures (86%), although about half had
      tympanic membrane abnormalities. Grommet insertion did not result in better long
      term hearing in this study but was strongly associated with tympanosclerosis.
      Cleft type did not influence the degree of ear disease although more patients
      with complete clefts had a history of repeated grommet insertion. Otitis media
      with effusion is almost universal in cleft palate infants and may influence later
      language, speech and educational development. At the time of palatal repair
      grommets should be inserted to improve hearing in these infants.

PMID- 3397235
TI  - Microbial flora of surface versus core tonsillar cultures in recurrent
      tonsillitis in children.
AB  - Surface and 'core' tonsillar specimens were collected from 60 children, between 2
      and 14 years of age, suffering from recurrent tonsillitis, in order to establish
      the reliability of surface tonsillar swabbing technique and to define the most
      frequently involved aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms. From the qualitative
      point of view, the same mixed aerobic and anaerobic flora were obtained in both
      samples thus demonstrating the reliability of the surface swabbing technique.
      From the quantitative point of view, 187 microorganisms, 129 (69.2%) aerobes and
      58 (30.8%) anaerobes were isolated from surface cultures while 184, 109 (59.2%)
      aerobes and 75 (40.8%) anaerobes from the core cultures, thus demonstrating a
      greater number of anaerobes in the core of the tonsil. The most common isolated
      aerobic microorganisms were the alpha- and beta-hemolytic Streptococci, the
      Neisseriae and the Staphylococcus aureus; the predominant anaerobic ones were the
      Fusobacterium nucleatum, the Bacteroides sp. and the Veillonella parvula. The
      isolated staphylococcus aureus and the bacteroides sp. were all beta-lactamase
      producers.

PMID- 3397236
TI  - Differential effects of endolaryngeal trauma upon the growth of the subglottis.
AB  - In young rabbits (4-week-old) the growth of the subglottis was studied after an
      endolaryngeal soft tissue trauma. The injury induced the formation of a
      subglottic stenosis. In contrast to earlier observations on endolaryngeal trauma
      extending into the cricoid cartilage, the cricoid developed normally to the adult
      size and shape at 24 weeks. Similar to the earlier findings, the subepithelial
      layer showed considerable thickening as the result of formation of scar tissue,
      ectopic cartilage and fatty tissue with interruption of the elastic tunica (=
      conus elasticus). It was concluded that after endolaryngeal trauma in rabbits two
      types of subglottic stenosis can develop, determined by the depth of the injury.

PMID- 3397237
TI  - Inter-stimulus interval in audiometry for neonates.
AB  - The usual paradigm employed for both clinical and experimental evaluation of
      auditory responsiveness of newborns dictates that signal presentations be
      separated by a minimum of 15 s. Furthermore, this paradigm requires that there be
      8 presentations of the signal and that two responses among the 8 trials should be
      taken as normal responsiveness. Many have been concerned about accepting 25% as
      normal, and would prefer a paradigm that could lead to increased responsiveness.
      A procedure with inter-stimulus intervals longer than 15 s might be that
      paradigm. Therefore, the following experiment employed inter-stimulus intervals
      of 15, 30 and 60 s to examine responsiveness of infants young enough to be in a
      newborn nursery. Each infant received 24 signal presentations (8 with each of the
      3 inter-stimulus intervals), and these were counter-balanced across babies.
      Although there is evidence of response habituation across time, there is also
      evidence that longer inter-stimulus intervals do lead to increased
      responsiveness.

PMID- 3397238
TI  - Transmastoid encephaloceles. A case report.
AB  - Encephaloceles are uncommon abnormalities occurring in the pediatric age group.
      For the otolaryngologist they are usually encountered in the nasopharynx or nose,
      but may also be found in other sites adjacent to the brain. Encephaloceles
      usually develop as a result of prior mastoid surgery, trauma, or infections; but
      it is extremely rare for large encephaloceles to occur congenitally in the
      mastoid. It is even more uncommon for there to be a second mastoid defect which
      would allow the brain to present as a subcutaneous postauricular mass. The case
      history of a child with congenital subcutaneous transmastoid encephalocele is
      presented and the management discussed. In this child, the right temporal lobe of
      the brain herniated through a congenital defect in the tegmen and then through
      the mastoid cavity to exit through a lateral wall defect in the mastoid cortex.
      It then presented as a postauricular subcutaneous mass. The initial diagnosis was
      a subperiosteal abscess. The correct diagnosis was not made until surgery despite
      a normal preoperative CT evaluation. The world literature is reviewed and similar
      diagnostic and therapeutic problems are discussed.

PMID- 3397240
TI  - Cartilage within a thyroglossal duct anomaly.
AB  - A case of thyroglossal duct anomaly showing an unusual finding of foci of
      cartilage is presented. Although the concept of choristoma may explain the
      pathogenesis of cartilage within the present congenital anomaly, the histologic
      features were more in favor of a metaplastic process. In addition, the history of
      recurrent bouts of local inflammation supports the latter view.

PMID- 3397239
TI  - Secretory otitis media and language development: a six-year follow-up study with
      case-control.
AB  - The 2nd Hjorring Cohort Study, a prospective cohort study, comprised 94% of the
      463 three-year-old children residing in the municipality. Among this cohort we
      found 40 children (9%) who had constant signs of secretory otitis media (SOM), in
      one or both ears, at 4 examinations in the course of 6 months. Five years later,
      12 of the children who had previously had long-lasting SOM had left the
      municipality. At the age of 8 years the entire cohort had a Silent Reading Word
      Test (OS-400). Six months later, the 26 children with long-lasting SOM who were
      still residing in the municipality and 26 control children were tested with the
      Revised Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test and the verbal part of the Wechsler
      Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) test. The controls were matched by sex,
      age, school, grade level, and controlled for classroom and social stratum. The
      children with long-lasting SOM did not score lower than the control children on
      the 3 tests. In a separate analysis children with long-lasting bilateral SOM did
      not score lower than their controls. On the WISC and PPVT-R tests the variability
      in the case group was greater than in the control group. More comprehensive and
      varied studies seem needed to elucidate the relationship between language
      development and SOM.

PMID- 3397241
TI  - Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the larynx in a child.
AB  - Laryngeal carcinoma in childhood is rare and most commonly classified as squamous
      cell carcinoma. Although mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the larynx has been noted in
      adults, it has not previously been reported in a child. A 13-year-old boy
      presented to our department with an epiglottic mass which was determined
      histologically to be mucoepidermoid carcinoma. A total epiglottectomy was
      performed and one year postoperatively the child is without disease.

PMID- 3397242
TI  - Vocal cord paralysis following child abuse.
AB  - Otorhinologic manifestations of child abuse are infrequently reported in the
      literature. Three cases of vocal cord paralysis following child abuse are
      presented. The pathophysiology of vocal cord paralysis is reviewed as it relates
      to pediatric vocal cord paralysis. Recognition of the possibility of vocal cord
      paralysis in an abused child who suffers significant head trauma or a
      strangulation injury is necessary to insure a more rapid diagnosis and initiation
      of effective therapy more promptly.

PMID- 3397243
TI  - Nasal presentation of an intracranial vascular anomaly.
AB  - Intracranial vascular anomalies uncommonly present as a nasal mass. We report the
      first documented intranasal extension of a venous angioma of the anterior and
      middle cranial fossas. The diagnostic evaluation and differential diagnosis of an
      intranasal vascular mass is emphasized. In addition, recommendations are offered
      regarding the surgical approach of such a lesion.

PMID- 3397244
TI  - Nocturnal sleep and blood pressure in essential hypertension.
AB  - Blood pressure and sleep-wakefulness patterns were monitored in the sleep
      laboratory over four consecutive nights in six patients with mild hypertension
      and six age- and sex-matched controls. In both hypertensives and normals, blood
      pressure levels decreased during sleep compared with presleep levels by 16.6 and
      8.4%, respectively; levels for hypertensives, however, remained significantly
      above those for the normals. The nocturnal drop in blood pressure for both groups
      appeared to be related primarily to the general state of sleep rather than to any
      specific sleep stage. Nocturnal patterns of sleep stages and sleep cycling were
      almost identical for the two groups. Nocturnal blood pressure fluctuation was
      correlated positively with the distribution of nocturnal wakefulness in
      hypertensives but not in normotensives. This suggests that with hypertension
      there is some diminution of the dampening effect of sleep itself upon blood
      pressure which normally carries over into periods of nocturnal wakefulness. This
      alteration in patients with mild hypertension may reflect a decrease in the
      sensitivity of the baroreceptor reflex or some other pathophysiological process.

PMID- 3397246
TI  - Participation of serotoninergic system in neuroimmunomodulation: intraimmune
      mechanisms and the pathways providing an inhibitory effect.
AB  - Exogenous serotonin administration as well as its precursor 5-oxytryptophan,
      blockade of the ferment inactivation by MAO inhibition, impairment of the
      monoamine binding, in other words, all the ways of elevation of active serotonin
      level, result in the inhibition of the immune response. On the contrary,
      exclusion of the serotoninergic system by the nuclei raphe lesion and the
      blockade of the synthesis ferments by p-chlorphenylalanine and p-chloramphetamine
      stimulates it. The present analysis permits us to conclude that the nuclei raphe
      serotoninergic system provides an inhibitory mechanism of the immune response
      modulation, that is realized via the hypothalamus-hypophysis-adrenals axis.
      Immune response modulation by the extraimmune control system is possible only be
      means of the mechanisms that are present in the immunocompetent system.
      Investigation of the cellular basis of physiological mechanisms of serotoninergic
      regulation of the immune process made it possible to determine alterations in the
      correlation of functionally different cell populations in animals with elevated
      serotonin level. An inhibitory action which serotonin produces upon the
      immunogenesis, is based on the attenuation of suppressor cell function, an
      earlier than under the normal immune response development emergence of suppressor
      in the population of cell organs, and their longer presence, that is to some
      extent connected with the redistribution of cell populations in the
      immunocompetent organs. After serotonin administration only the antigen
      nonspecific immunosuppression is activated. In evolutionary terms the mechanisms
      of nonspecific suppression have been formed earlier than those of specific ones
      (Calkins & Stutman, 1978; Mijawaki, Seki, Kubo & Tanigushi, 1979). It is quite
      reasonable that extraimmune modulation, and psychoneuroimmunomodulation by
      monoamine systems in particular, can be performed by means of this ancient
      antigen-nonspecific mechanism of the immune response regulation. In this case,
      the modulation of immunological reactivity should correspond to these endogenous
      and environmental influences. Thus, activation of the nonspecific suppression
      induced through the serotoninergic system can be considered as the universal
      mechanism which on the one hand completes control of the immune homeostasis and
      on the other may be the precondition of the development of pathological states
      caused by the reduction of immunological status.

PMID- 3397245
TI  - The contribution of vision and of sidedness to responses of the ankle musculature
      to continuous movement of the base of support.
AB  - Eight healthy women were subjected to continuous sinusoidal movements of the base
      of the platform on which they stood. Each subject was tested once in the anterior
      posterior (AP) and once in the lateral movement direction. In the first 30 s of
      each test, subjects' eyes were open while during the following 30 s their eyes
      were closed. Bilateral EMG recordings from the Medical Gastrocnemius (MG) and the
      Tibialis Anterior (TA) muscles were continuously taken from the moment subjects
      became used to the imposed movement. Results revealed that during AP movements
      the MG and TA muscles were reciprocally activated and deactivated, thereby
      continuously stabilizing the ankle joint in advance of the imposed anterior or
      posterior perturbation. Similarly, during lateral movements each MG muscle was
      activated in the homologous side of the movement trajectory. These basic postural
      sets were neither affected by elimination of vision nor by sidedness. However,
      absence of vision caused decrease of the ratio between the IEMG of the MG muscle
      to that of the TA muscle during AP movements. This decrease resulted from
      decrease in the activity of the MG muscles and/or from increased activity of the
      TA muscles while vision was eliminated. The latter phenomenon occurred to a
      greater extent in the right leg.

PMID- 3397247
TI  - A comparative study of the autonomic nervous system innervation of the thymus in
      the mouse and chicken.
AB  - It is well-established that the thymus of rats and mice are directly innervated
      prenatally by neurons of the central nervous system (CNS). Evidence now suggests
      that this innervation is involved in determining the neuroendocrine-immune
      functions of the gland. In this study an analysis of CNS innervation of the
      chicken thymus was carried out using the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) retrograde
      transport method to establish the phylogenetic integrity of CNS-thymic
      innervation and to gain insight into its function. Day-old chicks received HRP
      injections into upper of lower thymic lobes. Lower injections resulted in HRP
      labeled neurons in the ventral horn of the cervical spinal cord and in the dorsal
      and ventral brainstem complex of the nucleus of X. Injections into upper thymic
      lobes resulted in similar spinal cord labeling and in labeling of neurons in the
      nuclei of both IX and X. These injections produced more labeled neurons in the
      ventral complex of X than did injections into lower thymic lobes. Unilateral HRP
      injections into upper or lower thymic lobes produced predominantly ipsilateral
      labeling in the appropriate areas. The results of this study indicate that chick
      thymuses are innervated by the CNS during embryogenesis. Furthermore, there
      appears to be a topographical distribution of nerve fibers suggesting discrete
      functions for individual lobes.

PMID- 3397248
TI  - A finite deformation model of infantile hydrocephalus.
AB  - Clinical data obtained about intracranial pressure volume experiments abound in
      the literature. However, what is lacking is a proper interpretation of the data.
      A nonlinear hyperelastic model is proposed in this paper which is more realistic
      and simulates successfully the various states and stages of infantile
      hydrocephalus which have hitherto been considered puzzling. Strain energy
      function incorporating two and three constants have been employed to develop the
      constitutive equations and pressure-volume curves have been plotted for arbitrary
      values of the constants. The available clinical data can be employed through the
      proposed model to evaluate the status of hydrocephalus and also to arrive at
      suitable measures to relieve the intracranial pressure and ventricular
      dilatation.

PMID- 3397249
TI  - An examination of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) subtests from a
      neuropsychological perspective.
AB  - Individual subtest scores of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) were
      regressed on measures of the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery (HRNB)
      for 408 psychiatric and neurologic patients. The results suggested that language
      skills (Aphasia Screening Test), auditory attention (Seashore Rhythm Test),
      psychomotor speed and general cognitive functioning (Category Test) were
      underlying the performance in the majority of WAIS subtests. A canonical
      correlation was performed to consider the degree of commonality between the WAIS
      and the HRNB. One significant canonical correlation between the linear components
      of the WAIS and HRNB tests emerged. Canonical variates showed that Block Design,
      Digit Symbol, and Similarities subtests of the WAIS overlapped with the Aphasia
      Screening Test and the Category Test of the HRNB. It was concluded that, while
      shared variance does exist between the WAIS and the HRNB, each offers
      nonredundant information regarding neuropsychological functioning.

PMID- 3397250
TI  - A parametric model for multichannel EEG spectra.
AB  - The EEG is modelled as the superposition of two component processes: the xi and
      the alpha processes. In the frequency domain, the xi process is always present
      and appears as a spectral peak with maximum amplitude at very low frequencies,
      while the alpha process is characterized by a spectral peak with its maximum
      located in the traditional alpha band (7-13 Hz), and is not necessarily always
      present. The multivariate properties of EEG spectra are adequately modelled with
      frequency independent coherence matrices for each process. Multichannel EEG
      studies reveal interesting properties: (1) the generalized coherence for alpha is
      much larger than for xi, indicating increased functional coupling for the alpha
      process; (2) the alpha coherence matrix has reduced dimensionality, possibly
      related to a small number of generators; (3) xi coherences are zero phase with
      magnitudes that decrease exponentially with interelectrode distance; and (4)
      alpha coherences have significant nonzero phase shifts.

PMID- 3397252
TI  - R-wave voltage in the right precordial leads in anthracycline cardiomyopathy:
      experimental animal model.
AB  - Electrocardiographic abnormality, similar to that observed in cancer patients
      during chemotherapy with the anthracycline antibiotics daunomycin and adriamycin,
      was produced in rabbits. They were chronically treated with adriamycin, and
      before each administration of the drug an electrocardiogram was recorded. They
      were subdivided into two categories with respect to the R-wave voltage in lead
      V1, on the same basis as our previous investigation in humans. In group A, there
      was a dose-response relationship, and they ultimately showed a QS pattern in the
      right precordial leads with or without ST-T changes in the left precordial leads.
      In group B, the electrocardiograms did not show a low R-wave in lead V1, but ST-T
      changes in the left precordial leads. The similarity of these
      electrocardiographic changes to those produced by myocardial infarction that we
      observed in humans suggests that more severe injury to the myocardium at the
      anterior septum and anterior left ventricular wall may be important in the
      pathogenesis of anthracycline cardiomyopathy.

PMID- 3397251
TI  - Tigason (etretinate) treatment in psoriatic arthritis.
AB  - Tigason (etretinate, RO-10-9359) is an oral aromatic retinoid acid which is
      effective in psoriasis and other dermatological syndromes. The present study
      reports the results of the use of this drug in 15 patients with a confirmed
      diagnosis of psoriatic arthritis, aged between 42 and 74 (average 60.2) years.
      Two patients dropped out after one month because they showed dryness of lips,
      chapping and intolerable itching, and another two due to intolerable pruritus and
      deterioration of their skin lesions. The 11 remaining patients, five males and
      six females, were treated with a daily dose of 50 mg etretinate, reduced to 25 mg
      after two weeks. Assessments which included grip strength, Ritchie joint index,
      pain, and dermatological assessment were performed at monthly intervals. Routine
      blood tests for toxic effects and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were also
      performed, as well as CPR (C-protein reactive) as a test of disease activity. All
      patients showed an improvement in the psoriasis, joint swelling and pain. The
      elevated ESR observed in all patients studied also fell gradually during the
      course of etretinate treatment, as did as the intake of antiinflammatory agents.
      Elevated serum lipid levels (cholesterol and triglycerides) were found in three
      patients; further drug-specific side-effects such as dryness of lips and mouth,
      loss of hair, thinning of skin and scaling were frequently found in all patients,
      but they remained tolerable.

PMID- 3397253
TI  - Prostaglandin cytoprotection in man: effectiveness of rosaprostol.
AB  - We studied the effect of a new prostaglandin analogue, 9-hydroxy-19,20-bis
      norprostanoic acid (rosaprostol), on the duodenal mucosa of humans after
      administration of 40% ethanol. Eighteen healthy volunteers entered the study,
      which followed a blind cross-over design. At time 0 all the volunteers received
      rosaprostol or placebo; 5 minutes later, 40% ethanol (50 ml dose) was given. The
      mucosa was examined for lesions 3, 60 and 180 min later under endoscopy, light
      and scanning microscopy. It was found that: (i) 40% ethanol damaged the duodenum,
      with blood extravasation, inflammation and necrosis of the mucosa, (ii)
      rosaprostol significantly protected the mucosa 3 min after 40% ethanol, and (iii)
      the damage became worse after 3 h when placebo was given, whereas it was reduced
      after 1 h when PG was administered. The results suggest that PGs not only protect
      the mucosa against ethanol damage, but also stimulate its recovery.

PMID- 3397254
TI  - Reconstruction of the chest wall after full thickness resection: a comparison
      between myocutaneous flap and acrylic resin plate as reconstructive techniques.
AB  - Thirty-three patients with chest wall malignancies underwent full thickness
      resection of the chest wall and immediate reconstruction of the defects with
      either synthetic materials (acrylic resin plate, 16 patients) or with
      myocutaneous flaps (rectus abdominis flaps, 17 patients). Although the acrylic
      resin plate proved to be excellent for maintaining stability of the chest wall,
      five patients suffered from local skin necrosis, requiring skin grafting, and
      four suffered from persistent foreign body reactions, necessitating ultimate
      removal of the plate. The patients receiving myocutaneous flap repair had
      excellent wound healing, acceptable rigidity of their chest wall, and no foreign
      body reactions throughout the follow-up period. The 50% post-operative survival
      time for the entire series was 29 months, suggesting that the procedure in an
      effective treatment modality for breast cancer involving the chest wall.
      Reconstruction with a myocutaneous flap is indicated as long as the chest wall
      defect is not too extensive.

PMID- 3397255
TI  - Subcutaneous mastectomy. A review of 130 cases.
AB  - Subcutaneous mastectomy (SCM) is discussed in connection with 130 such procedures
      performed on 108 patients. Seventy-nine malignant breast lesions and 51 benign
      breast lesions were operated on by this technique, which lies midway between
      conservative therapy and classical ablation. Conservation of the nipple-areola
      complex depends on the results of intraoperative biopsy; flaps are reduced when
      necessary. Breast volume is usually reconstituted using a prosthesis. Eleven of
      the 79 malignant breast lesions recurred locally (13.6%): generalization of
      postoperative irradiation thus seems justified, as in conservative therapy
      protocols. The 5-year survival rate of 83% is comparable to that of other
      treatment techniques for T1-T2 cancers. Cosmetic results have been improved, and
      the fact that SCM may give a better result than reconstruction after mastectomy
      must be kept in mind. However, the technique is only indicated for those cases
      which would otherwise be suitable for conservative surgery, were it not for the
      need to resect the gland because of a diffuse pathology.

PMID- 3397256
TI  - Role of chemotherapy in acute breast cancer. Analysis of 41 cases.
AB  - Clinical and therapeutic results in a series of 41 patients treated for
      inflammatory cancer of the breast lend emphasis to the selection criteria to be
      included in a short (approximately two months) clinical history to complement
      Haagensen's criteria. Chemotherapy improved the previous very poor results
      obtained in this condition. Survival after surgery and radiotherapy were less
      than 5% at five years, and this is compared with the prognosis in the series
      study. However, these results are still only fair in absolute terms and there is
      still no currently available alternative solution to attempt to achieve a marked
      improvement in the course of the lesion.

PMID- 3397257
TI  - Surgical treatment of limb lymphedema.
AB  - Among 286 patients suffering from limb lymphedema seen in the outpatient clinic
      in the period 1977-1983, 13 were operated upon. The indication for operation and
      its type were dictated mainly by the gravity of the clinical findings and the
      failure to respond to conservative measures. Various conservative and surgical
      regimes are briefly reviewed emphasizing the way they were incorporated into this
      series. Six patients who underwent excisional operative procedures and five of
      the seven patients who underwent lymphatic venous bypass procedures benefitted
      from the operation and the adjuvant therapy.

PMID- 3397258
TI  - Polytrauma in patients of 65 and over. Injury patterns and outcome.
AB  - In a consecutive series of 416 patients with multiple injuries, 49 were aged 65
      years or older (mean age 72.1). This group of "old" patients was compared with
      the remaining 367 "young" patients (mean age 31.3). In the old patients group,
      survivors and non-survivors were profiled. In general the injured old patient was
      a pedestrian hit by a car or a motorbike or someone who had simply fallen at
      home. Despite the fact that the mean Injury Severity Score (ISS) was
      significantly lower in the old patients' group (33.2 versus 42.1) (p less than
      0.001), the mortality rate was significantly higher (18% versus 7.6%) (p less
      than 0.05). We found that in the elderly injured the ISS and preexisting diseases
      were not predictive of survival. However, brain injury with unconsciousness and
      the need for early intubation followed by long-term assisted ventilation were
      predictive of survival (p less than 0.001). Seventy-six per cent of the survivors
      were able to return home again within six months. As the final outcome in the
      elderly is no worse after polytrauma than after other important emergency
      procedures, an aggressive treatment including urgent operative fixation of major
      fractures is in our opinion justified.

PMID- 3397260
TI  - Results of surgical treatment of esophageal achalasia. Multicenter retrospective
      study of 1,856 cases. GEEMO (Groupe Europeen Etude Maladies Oesophageennes)
      Multicentric Retrospective Study.
AB  - A retrospective analysis of 1,856 patients treated by esophageal achalasia in 23
      different surgical departments from seven countries is reported. The predominant
      symptom was dysphagia (100%), pain, vomiting and weight loss (76.1%). The most
      useful diagnostic methods were: barium meal (85%), manometry (100%), endoscopy
      (100%) and 99mTc (100%). Conservative treatment (5.45%) was useful in 5.8% only.
      Dilatation (16.9%) produced amelioration in 65.9%. Thoracotomy was used in 20.9%
      and middle line laparotomy in 79.2%. Heller esophagomyotomy was performed in
      99.52% associated with anterior fundoplasty in 79.8% and postero-lateral (Mark
      IV) in 9.75%. Most of the patients were controlled through barium meal,
      esophagoscopy, esophageal manometry, pHmetry and 99mTc ingestion. Good results
      after Heller's myotomy with anterior fundoplication were 81.7% and poor 7.2%.
      Recurrence of achalasia was present in 184 patients. A new esophagomyotomy was
      performed on 58.6% and distal esophageal resection in 62 (35.3%). In total, 988
      patients were reviewed once a year. Absence of gastroesophageal reflux was shown
      in 73.9% of the explored patients.

PMID- 3397259
TI  - Fractured clavicle in newborns.
AB  - A five year retrospective study was undertaken to determine the incidence and
      associated factors of fractured clavicle in newborns. The time period 1.1.1980 to
      12.31.1984 was studied with the finding of 60 cases of fractured clavicle (1% of
      total vaginal births no. 5,847). An extensive neonatal and maternal chart review
      found birth weight, gestational age, and prolonged 2nd stage in primiparous
      patients as predisposing factors. The level of obstetrical experience and
      difficulty of delivery were also statistically significant. There was no increase
      in operative deliveries. Most of the cases of fractured clavicles were not
      appreciated at time of delivery by the delivering physician. One case ended in
      neurological injury with an Erb's palsy with partial resolution at two week
      follow-up. Fractured clavicle occurs in a certain high risk population, most
      cases of which ended up with no long term problems.

PMID- 3397262
TI  - Quality of postoperative life in gastric cancer patients seventy years of age and
      over.
AB  - A questionnaire on health and daily life was mailed to patients who had undergone
      gastrectomy between 1976 and 1985. Replies came from 66 patients aged 70 and over
      at the time of operation (the elderly group), and 189 who were under 70 at the
      time of the questionnaire (the controls). Fifty-two percent of the elderly group
      were under medical treatment, whereas only 37% of the controls were (p less than
      0.01). Preoperatively, 79% of the elderly group "could go out and do work", but
      at the time of the questionnaire only 56% (p less than 0.01) could. Forty percent
      of the elderly group who had worked before the operation retired after surgery.
      Employment of the males was: under 60 (98%), 60-64 (84%), 65-69 (58%), 70-74
      (45%), 75-79 (57%), 80 and over (27%). These percentages were similar to the
      employment rates of male citizens of the same age groups in Tokyo.

PMID- 3397261
TI  - Decreased galactose absorption in dumping after colon interposition.
AB  - Intestinal absorption was examined using an oral galactose test in colon
      interposition patients with dumping (no. 4) and without symptoms (no. 5). Normal
      subjects (no. 5), and patients after total gastrectomy (no. 7) and gastric
      resection (no. 4) served as controls. Galactose is absorbed in the same way as
      glucose, but does not stimulate insulin secretion. Colon interposition patients
      presented abnormally rapid postprandial transit and absorption for 20 minutes
      after the meal. After this rapid phase, colon interposition patients with dumping
      demonstrated a strong decrease in absorption rate, whereas the asymptomatic
      patients presented a normal rate during the whole follow-up period. The
      elimination of galactose from the blood was studied in eight patients after
      intravenous infusion of galactose; the disappearance was linear during 10 to 30
      min after injection and did not explain the differences in blood galactose levels
      in the oral galactose test. We suggest a reactive reflux back to the intra
      abdominal colon graft loop in the avagotonic intestinal tract as the mechanism
      for the differences in absorption. The most likely reason for this is the rapid
      initial phase transit through the coloantral anastomosis and pyloroplasty. To
      normalize postprandial transit and absorption as much as possible after colon
      interposition, a short intra-abdominal colon graft loop anastomosed to the
      posterior proximal stomach is suggested.

PMID- 3397263
TI  - Effect of intestinal ischemia on pulmonary surfactant. An experimental study.
AB  - The infective factor seems to be very important in the physiopathology of
      intestinal ischaemia syndrome, as we suggested in previous research works, and is
      probably responsible for the disturbances observed in pulmonary surfactant. In
      the present research project, 48 mongrel dogs were studied under different
      situations of experimental intestinal ischaemia (arterial, venous and
      revascularization) after laparotomy and the pulmonary surfactant was determined
      in all cases. We conclude that the observed changes in phospholipids
      (phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol particularly) can be directly
      related to the infective factor and important enough to induce physicochemical
      alterations of the surfactant and subsequently pulmonary function.

PMID- 3397264
TI  - Management of the solitary cold thyroid nodule. A prospective study.
AB  - Forty-six patients with single cold thyroid nodules (SCTN) were studied
      prospectively to evaluate radio-iodine scans and fine needle aspiration biopsy
      (FNAB) as outpatient and preoperative diagnostic modalities and frozen section
      (FS) and paraffin section (PS) as excisional biopsies. In our series FNAB has a
      reasonable sensitivity (75%), good specificity (87%), a low positive predictive
      value of 38% and a high negative value of 97%. It has a false negative rate of
      2.3% and a false positive rate of 56%.

PMID- 3397266
TI  - Familial Alzheimer disease affecting only females.
AB  - A family lineage is reported in whom several subjects, all of them females,
      suffered from SDAT. The existence of a subgroup of inherited dementias affecting
      only females is discussed.

PMID- 3397265
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging in multiple sclerosis: diagnostic value and clinical
      correlations.
AB  - 101 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) (53 definite, 22 probable, 8 possible
      and 18 suspected according to the McDonald and Halliday criteria) were
      investigated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), to evaluate its diagnostic
      sensitivity compared to other diagnostic parameters such as cerebrospinal fluid
      (CSF) findings and auditory brainstem responses (ABR). In addition, correlations
      between severity of lesions on MRI and clinical data (disability duration of the
      disease and progression rate) and CSF immunoglobulin abnormalities were
      evaluated. MRI detected multiple demyelinating lesions in 96% of definite, 77% of
      probable, 50% of possible and 56% of suspected MS. In the same groups CSF was
      positive for oligoclonal banding in 85%, 68%, 50% and 37% and ABR in 82%, 50%,
      80% and 28% respectively. Severity of MRI was found to correlate with disability
      and duration of the disease, but not with progression rate. The presence of CSF
      oligoclonal bands and a raised and IgG index were usually associated with more
      extensive white matter involvement as evaluated by MRI.

PMID- 3397267
TI  - Anti AChR antibody: relevance to diagnosis and clinical aspects of myasthenia
      gravis.
AB  - 227 sera from myasthenic patients were tested for the presence of anti-AChR
      antibodies (anti-AChR Abs) by mean of a fetal calf receptor (Fc-AChR); 73.5% of
      cases proved positive with this method. Significant correlations were found
      between presence of anti-Fc-AChr Abs and various clinical aspects such as:
      clinical stage and duration of disease; moreover significantly higher than the
      median titers were found among younger patients (i.e. age less than 40 yrs).

PMID- 3397269
TI  - Neurogenic vesico-urethral dysfunction in children with cerebral palsy.
AB  - 20 children with severe cerebral palsy and history of urinary incontinence and
      recurrent urinary infection underwent radio--and neuro-urologic evaluation.
      Vesico-ureteral reflux was found in 7 patients. In 9, who had presented episodes
      of urine sub-retention, a urodynamic study demonstrated detrusor muscle
      hyperreflexia in all, deficit of vesicourethral sensation in 5 and detrusor
      sphincter dyssynergia in 2. These functional findings are compatible with an
      upper motor neuron lesion, and may be the cause of episodes of altered bladder
      emptying, and consequently, urinary infection.

PMID- 3397268
TI  - Acute and subacute akinetic-rigid parkinsonian syndrome mimicking a
      meningoencephalitis.
AB  - Four cases of acute and subacute akinetic-rigid parkinsonian syndrome are
      described. The clinical picture initially simulated a meningoencephalitis, which
      was escluded by the negative CSF findings and the aspecific electroencephalogram.
      In the first case the parkinsonism was attributable, also on the basis of the
      autoptic findings, to the prolonged neuroleptic therapy; in the other cases a
      toxic-infectious condition, through a damage on liver function, revealed a
      subclinical latent parkinsonian syndrome.

PMID- 3397270
TI  - Schilder disease (1912): report of a case.
AB  - We describe a case of Schilder disease in a young woman pointing out the most
      reliable diagnostic criteria for differentiating the disease from
      adrenoleukodystrophy. We stress the diagnostic usefulness of ultrastructural
      analysis, even of poorly preserved specimens.

PMID- 3397271
TI  - Cerebral toxoplasmosis in AIDS. Case report.
AB  - In a patient with AIDS presenting partial epilepsy cerebral toxoplasmosis was
      diagnosed on the serological and CT evidence. The diagnosis was confirmed by the
      immediate response to sulfonamide therapy.

PMID- 3397273
TI  - Seizures following the withdrawal of long-term treatment with mianserin.
AB  - Seizures were observed following the withdrawal of mianserin 60 mg/day for 2
      years. To our knowledge, this is the first report of convulsions after suspension
      of an antidepressant. This phenomenon was observed in a young woman (with no
      history of epilepsy or other organic diseases that may induce seizures) 10 days
      after abrupt discontinuation of long-term treatment with mianserin.

PMID- 3397274
TI  - Carpal tunnel syndrome presenting with prominent skin symptoms.

PMID- 3397272
TI  - Acute neurotoxicity after trichloroethylene ingestion. Case report.
AB  - Trichloroethylene (TCE), a solvent widely used in the chemical industry, in dry
      cleaning because of its degreasing action and as a household grease remover, is
      known to have a toxic action, especially on the nervous system. Cases of
      intoxication, acute and chronic, due to inhalation, are reported. We report a
      case, certainly an unusual one, of acute oral intoxication.

PMID- 3397275
TI  - A grassroots movement in bioethics.

PMID- 3397276
TI  - Bidding for donors.

PMID- 3397277
TI  - Brain death and organ donation: you can have one without the other.

PMID- 3397278
TI  - The ethical design of an AIDS vaccine trial in Africa.

PMID- 3397280
TI  - The ethics of fetal tissue transplants.

PMID- 3397279
TI  - But she's not an "inanimate container...".

PMID- 3397281
TI  - The role of emotion in ethical decisionmaking.

PMID- 3397282
TI  - Cancellations in elective joint surgery--are they avoidable?

PMID- 3397283
TI  - Social and economic consequences of chronic haemodialysis in a regional renal
      unit.

PMID- 3397284
TI  - Advances in hospital design.

PMID- 3397286
TI  - Case-finding in the elderly: the Edinburgh Birthday Card Scheme. A health
      visitors perspective.

PMID- 3397285
TI  - Intravenous drug misuse: has the pharmacist a role?

PMID- 3397287
TI  - Smoking among secondary school children in 1986.

PMID- 3397288
TI  - Nursing services 1977-1987.

PMID- 3397289
TI  - An audit of a primary care team's knowledge of the existence of symptomatic
      demented elderly.

PMID- 3397290
TI  - Elderly acute orthopaedic patients--where they come from and where they go.

PMID- 3397292
TI  - Isolated cataplexy: a familial study.

PMID- 3397291
TI  - Familial childhood sleep apnea.

PMID- 3397293
TI  - Anticoagulant therapy, antithrombotic therapy, pulmonary embolism, and the Henry
      Ford Hospital perspective.

PMID- 3397295
TI  - Sleep disorders medicine.

PMID- 3397294
TI  - Clinical manifestations of acute pulmonary embolism: Henry Ford Hospital
      experience, a five-year review.

PMID- 3397296
TI  - Disseminated Strongyloides stercoralis and Aspergillus fumigatus presenting as
      diffuse interstitial pneumonitis in a steroid-dependent chronic obstructive
      pulmonary disease patient.

PMID- 3397297
TI  - A mathematical model of lung static pressure-volume relationships: comparison of
      clinically derived parameters of elasticity.

PMID- 3397298
TI  - Cancer mortality among residents of Huron, Sanilac, and Tuscola counties as
      compared to other Michigan residents, 1971-1985.

PMID- 3397299
TI  - A prospective randomized comparison of a single antibiotic (moxalactam) versus
      combination therapy (gentamicin and clindamycin) in penetrating abdominal trauma.

PMID- 3397300
TI  - Potency of current levothyroxine preparations evaluated by high-performance
      liquid chromatography.

PMID- 3397301
TI  - Responsibilities of authorship: justification of the multiauthored scientific
      paper.

PMID- 3397302
TI  - Sleep-wake complaints and their relation to sleep disturbance.

PMID- 3397303
TI  - Differentiating cardiac elastin, collagen and microfibrils with NaOH at the
      ultrastructural level.
AB  - NaOH solutions extract elastin and collagen from epoxy-embedded thin sections
      containing rat cardiac connective tissue. Extraction results in a reverse
      staining effect of elastin and collagen ultrastructure. Microfibril contrast is
      enhanced by NaOH treatment. This phenomenon finds application in the possibility
      of differentiating elastin, collagen, and microfibrils at the ultrastructural
      level.

PMID- 3397304
TI  - Detection of proopiomelanocortin mRNA by in situ hybridization, using a
      biotinylated oligodeoxynucleotide probe and avidin-alkaline phosphatase
      histochemistry.
AB  - A synthetic 24-mer oligodeoxynucleotide complementary to the region of
      proopiomelanocortin (POMC) mRNA that codes for the MSH core sequence (alpha
      MSH/ACTH[4-11]), was synthesized and labelled in the 3'-end by use of terminal
      transferase. Probes tailed with either [3H]- or biotin-labelled nucleotides could
      be used for in situ hybridization studies. Biotinylated probes, hybridized to
      mouse and rat pituitary sections, were detected by avidin-alkaline phosphatase or
      streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase procedures and development in 5-bromo-4-chloro
      3-indolyl phosphate (BCIP)-nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT). Proteinase K pretreatment
      of sections produced a drastic enhancement of the signal obtained, particularly
      in strongly fixed, paraffin-embedded material. The non-radioactive in situ
      hybridization technique compared favourably to radioactive in situ hybridization
      in terms of rapidity and precision of the localization. Controls involved
      deletion of the probe to prove that other components of the reaction sequence did
      not yield stain, digestion with RNase to prove that tissue RNA was necessary to
      bind the probe, prehybridization (blocking) with unlabelled probe to prove that
      the biotinylated probe reacted with its anti-sense region and not its tail and
      Northern blotting to show that the probe reacted with only one species of
      pituitary RNA, having the size of mouse pituitary POMC mRNA. In addition,
      adrenalectomy, known to increase anterior lobe POMC levels, resulted in both
      increased numbers and increased intensity of positive corticotroph-like cells.
      Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides labelled with biotin appear to constitute
      attractive reagents for in situ hybridization studies when supported by
      appropriate control procedures.

PMID- 3397305
TI  - Peanut and Lotus tetragonolobus binding sites in human kidney from congenital
      nephrotic syndrome of Finnish type.
AB  - The authors have studied kidney tissues from two cases of Congenital Nephrotic
      Syndrome of Finnish Type (CNS:FT), two cases of infantile polycystic disease and
      five normal newborns using Peanut (PNA) and Lotus Tetragonolobus (LTA) peroxidase
      labeled lectins. In CNS:FT a positive reaction for LTA has been documented at the
      luminal surface of the microcysts, while no staining was observed with PNA. In
      infantile polycystic disease the cysts were stained by PNA, whereas LTA binds
      selectively proximal undilated tubules. In normal kidney distal tubules as well
      as collecting ducts and proximal tubules were stained by PNA and LTA
      respectively. The results suggest that in CNS:FT microcystic transformation of
      the kidney can originate from proximal tubules according to microdissection
      studies elsewhere reported.

PMID- 3397306
TI  - Ultrastructural demonstration of lectin binding sites in the Golgi apparatus of
      rat epiphyseal chondrocytes.
AB  - Binding sites for wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), Dolichos biflorus agglutinin
      (DBA), Ricinus communis I agglutinin (RCA I) and Limax flavus agglutinin (LFA)
      have been ultrastructurally detected in rat epiphyseal chondrocytes by a post
      embedding cytochemical technique using colloidal gold as marker. The four lectins
      labelled exclusively the Golgi apparatus of chondrocytes embedded in Lowicryl K4M
      resin by two different methods. WGA binding sites were localized in medial and
      trans cisternae as well as in immature secretory vesicles, whereas those for DBA
      were seen concentrated in cis and medial cisternae. Labelling with both RCA I and
      LFA lectins was distributed throughout all the cisternae of the Golgi stack, and
      the latter also in vesicles and tubules at the trans face. Neuraminidase
      pretreatment of the sections abolished LFA staining, decreased reaction with WGA
      and increased that with RCA I, while it did not affect DBA staining. After
      chondroitinase ABC treatment only the RCA I reaction was modified, revealing new
      binding sites in the trans Golgi face, secretory granules and extracellular
      matrix. These results indicate that the distribution of subcompartments in the
      Golgi apparatus of chondrocytes is different from that in cells secreting
      glycoproteins as major products.

PMID- 3397307
TI  - Histofluorescent labelling of catecholaminergic structures in rotifers
      (Aschelminthes). II. Males of Brachionus plicatilis and structures from sectioned
      females.
AB  - 1. Catecholaminergic structures in the male Brachionus plicatilis were
      investigated, using aqueous dansylpropranolol as fluorescent label of
      neurotransmitter receptors. 2. All major organs of the male are innervated by
      catecholaminergic systems, that may also be involved in the regulation of
      copulatory behavior. 3. Cryostat-sectioned preparations of the female B.
      plicatilis were also investigated. They provided additional information to
      findings on whole animals reported in our previous paper (Keshmirian and Nogrady
      1987 a).

PMID- 3397309
TI  - Need to distinguish good medicine from inappropriate health care.

PMID- 3397308
TI  - Immunohistochemical localization of gastrin-cholecystokinin-like material in the
      central nervous system of the migratory locust.
AB  - Brain, corpora cardiaca (CC)-corpora allata (CA) complex, suboesophageal
      ganglion, thoracic and abdominal ganglia of adults, larvae and embryos of Locusta
      migratoria have been immunohistochemically screened for gastrin cholecystokinin
      (CCK-8(s]-like material. In adult, numerous immunoreactive neurons and nerve
      fibres are located, with a marked symmetry, in various parts of the brain and
      throughout the ventral nerve cord. In the median part of the brain, cell bodies
      belonging neither to cellular type A1 nor A2 (following Victoria blue-paraldehyde
      fuchsin staining) are immunopositive; their processes terminate in the upper
      protocerebral neuropile. In lateral parts of the brain, external cell bodies send
      axons into CC and some up to CA, other internal have processes which terminate in
      the neuropile of the brain. Two of these latter cells react also with methionine
      enkephalin antiserum. In the ventral nerve cord, in addition to numerous
      perikarya, immunoreactive arborizations terminate in the neuropile or in close
      association with the sheath, at the dorsal part of all ganglia. This CCK-8(s)
      distribution pattern is observed only at the two last larval instars, but is
      precociously detected in the abdominal nerve cord of embryos, one day before
      hatching.

PMID- 3397310
TI  - Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and the health care worker.

PMID- 3397311
TI  - Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in a patient with Laurence-Moon-Bardet-Biedl
      syndrome.

PMID- 3397313
TI  - Psychophysiological research: a contemporary perspective.

PMID- 3397312
TI  - Sun raises skin cancer risks.

PMID- 3397314
TI  - Cardiovascular responses to intermittent noise in type A and B female subjects.
AB  - Heart-rate and blood pressure measurements allowed analysis of cardiovascular
      responses (CVRs) to an intermittent pink noise in 9 Type A (coronary prone) and 8
      Type B (non-prone) female subjects (Ss). If all Ss are sorted out in sensible,
      moderately sensible and poorly sensible subgroups, according to similarity in
      evolution of their heart rates and by completely identifying their heart rate
      reactivity, results of the analysis do not cross-check those of the behavioral
      A/B distinction. Although 7 out of 8 B Ss cluster in the moderately sensible
      subgroup, and although sensible Ss are all of Type A, A Ss are distributed almost
      equally in the 3 categories, and provide all varieties of CVR responses.
      Diversity of A Ss for CVR has no relationship with their scores on the Bortner
      scale.

PMID- 3397315
TI  - The relationship between waking time and urinary epinephrine in bed-rested humans
      under conditions involving minimal stress.
AB  - The correlation between urinary excretion of epinephrine and percent of waking
      time during time allotted for sleep was evaluated for both daytime and nighttime
      bed-rest under minimally stressful conditions. The experiment was performed on 6
      male subjects. Polysomnographic recordings were made throughout each 8-h bed-rest
      period, and free epinephrine excretion was measured at intervals of 2.5 h.
      Epinephrine excretion showed a strongly positive correlation with percent of
      waking time during bed-rest in the daytime and at night (average correlation
      coefficient: day: r = 0.89, P less than 0.001; night: r = 0.68, P less than
      0.001). The possibility that levels of epinephrine excretion could be used as an
      indicator of sleep disturbance is discussed.

PMID- 3397316
TI  - Coding of stimulus parameters in autistic, retarded, and normal children:
      evidence for a two-factor theory of autism.
AB  - Phasic changes in respiratory period, electrodermal activity, and the
      vasoconstrictive peripheral pulse amplitude response, were examined in matched
      groups of autistic, retarded, and normal children using repeated presentation of
      simple visual and auditory stimuli of differing magnitudes. Analysis of response
      magnitudes as a function of group membership, trials, stimulus magnitude, and
      age, indicated both similarities and differences between the autistic and control
      groups. The autistic group differed from the control groups in its failure to
      show response habituation to repeatedly presented stimuli. However, data
      indicated that autistic children coded stimulus magnitude similarly to controls,
      suggesting that the failure to adequately process stimulus novelty does not
      reflect a general processing failure. Autistic children also exhibited relative
      hyperreactivity in all measures. Age effects showed this to be interpretable as
      reflecting developmental delay. These two differences support a recent two-factor
      theory of autism.

PMID- 3397317
TI  - A peak detector program for event-related potentials.
AB  - A computer program, developed for peak detection of averaged evoked potential
      waveforms, is described. The program is able to automatically score up to 200
      data files in a single session. The user is asked to define intervals (windows)
      in which a maximum peak is to be detected. The program can optionally search each
      EEG channel or a single 'reference' channel from which all other channels will be
      compared. The mean amplitude of several data points can also be computed within a
      particular window. When evoked potentials are particularly noisy, it is possible
      to estimate the 'signal' in the higher frequency background 'noise'. Because the
      program is written in BASIC, it can be readily transferred to many different
      computer systems.

PMID- 3397318
TI  - Racial differences in cardiovascular reactivity to mental arithmetic.
AB  - One hypothesized mechanism for the higher rates and greater severity of essential
      hypertension among blacks is that this group is particularly susceptible to
      stress-induced beta-adrenergically mediated cardiovascular hyperreactivity. In
      this study, we compared the cardiovascular responses to mental arithmetic in 20
      white and 17 black, young, normotensive males. Contrary to expectations, the
      black subjects exhibited significantly smaller changes in heart rate, and
      systolic and diastolic blood pressure. These findings suggest that cardiovascular
      reactivity to a mental stressor known to produce beta-adrenergically mediated
      responses may be lower in some normotensive blacks compared to their white
      counterparts.

PMID- 3397320
TI  - Role of the caudate nucleus in performance of the conditioned reactions connected
      with sound localization.
AB  - The instrumental differentiation of left-right positions of sound-conditioned
      stimuli (series of clicks under dichotic stimulation) in 8 dogs was examined
      before and after the bilateral electrolytic lesions of various parts of the
      caudate nucleus (NCd). It was demonstrated that after damage of the NCd the
      correct differentiation of the side of monaural sound stimulation was preserved
      in all dogs. However, the differentiation of lateralization of sound produced by
      interaural time differences was selectively impaired. Lesions of the dorsal part
      of the NCd heads caused the absolute absence of the differentiation of the
      binaural sound image lateralization for 21-50 days after the operation. This
      function partially recovered but the percentage of correct responses remained
      significantly reduced in comparison with preoperative performance. Lesions of the
      ventral segment of the NCd heads of different parts of the NCd bodies had less
      influence on the performance of this behavioral task. In these cases there was no
      period of absolute absence of the differentiation, but the level of correct
      responses to the binaural signals was significantly reduced. It is suggested that
      the NCd is a part of the system of brain structures in which the parameters of
      the conditioned sound signals are compared with a reference system for
      recognition of sound location. The result of this comparison is used by the NCd
      for choosing a corresponding program of the motor response.

PMID- 3397319
TI  - Learning abilities and disabilities: effective diagnosis and treatment.
AB  - An integrated theoretical and methodological framework is presented for the
      effective diagnosis and treatment of varying degrees of learning abilities and
      disabilities. This methodology is based upon: (1) the degrees of 'analytical
      specific perceptual skills' as measured by the Mangina test; (2) the
      identification of standardized physiological activation level parameters; (3) a
      standardized psychophysiological therapeutic treatment procedure (Mangina method)
      of 'optimal' physiological activation simultaneously combined with 'analytical
      specific perceptual stimulation'.

PMID- 3397321
TI  - Individual differences in cardiovascular responses to intermittent noise in human
      females.
AB  - In a group of 13 female subjects submitted in three sessions to regularly
      alternating pink noise-steps, different techniques were proposed to cope with
      individual differences in cardiovascular responses. Application of a clustering
      algorithm to intercorrelation data of individual heart rates (HR) resulted in
      three subsets of 'sensitive' (S), 'moderately sensitive' (MS) and 'poorly
      sensitive' (PS) subjects. Only one pattern of HR changes under intermittent noise
      was observed, but clear-cut differences appeared between sensitivity subgroups
      which differed for amplitudes of HR responses to noise-steps and for adaptivity
      to repeated exposures. S subjects always reacted strongly (in fact, progressively
      strongly); PS subjects always reacted poorly; MS subjects reacted moderately but
      some of them with exposures either seemed to adapt to the noise or tolerated the
      noise less and less easily. Although exposure to intermittent noise for 35 min
      did not prevent a slowing trend of HR in all subjects, no sign of habituation of
      HR responses to noise-steps was present in any subgroup with repeated exposures.
      Mean levels of measured systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased
      significantly with repeated exposures in MS and PS subjects, but not in S
      subjects.

PMID- 3397322
TI  - Effects of electrical stimulation of efferent olivocochlear neurons on cat
      auditory-nerve fibers. II. Spontaneous rate.
AB  - In order to increase our understanding of cochlear mechanisms, we measured
      changes in the rate of spontaneous firing (SR) of single auditory-nerve fibers in
      response to the stimulation of medial olivocochlear efferents in cats. During the
      first second of efferent stimulation, SR was depressed by up to 35%, except in
      one very sensitive animal in which depressions up to 80% were found. With data
      from this aberrant cat excluded, the SR depression, on the average, increased as
      auditory-nerve fiber sensitivity increased, increased as the original SR
      decreased (data were not obtained for SRs less than two spikes/sec), and had a
      broad maximum at CFs of about 10 kHz. After the efferent stimulation was turned
      off, there was an "overshoot" in which the SR increased past the original rate in
      some fibers. The "overshoot" was larger for fibers with lower SRs and for fibers
      which showed larger "adaptation" in the efferent-induced depression of SR. The
      data on SR depression during efferent stimulation are consistent with two
      hypotheses: (1) that the stronger than usual efferent suppression of
      "spontaneous" rate found in some very sensitive fibers occurs because the
      "spontaneous" firing was, in part, a response to sound, and (2) that "true
      spontaneous" firing is reduced by the efferent-induced hyperpolarization of outer
      hair cells (OHCs) being electrically coupled through the endocochlear potential
      to inner hair cells (IHCs). It is suggested that (1) the efferent-induced
      suppression of "true spontaneous" activity is largest at CFs near 10 kHz because
      this CF region receives the greatest OHC innervation from medial efferents and
      the efferent-induced change in OHCs is electrically coupled to IHCs, whereas (2)
      the efferent suppression of responses to sound is largest at lower CFs because
      the efferent endings on OHCs act to decrease the motion of the basilar membrane
      and this change is propagated apically from the active efferent synapses on OHCs.

PMID- 3397323
TI  - Effect of ascorbic acid on the numerical hair cell loss in noise exposed guinea
      pigs.
AB  - Two groups of guinea pigs were exposed to 1/3 octave band noise centered at 4
      kHz, 113-118 dB SPL, for 2 h. The animals of the first group were treated with
      ascorbic acid (AA), 0.5 mg per 1 g of body mass injected intraperitoneally before
      noise exposure. The second group (control) was exposed without being treated. By
      means of the surface specimen method and consequent assessment of numerical
      atrophy of cochlear hair cells it was found that application of ascorbic acid
      before the noise exposure resulted in a lower or no loss of hair cells especially
      within the respective frequency segment of the basilar membrane. Possible
      protective effect of AA and/or the negative effect of hypovitaminosis "C" are
      discussed.

PMID- 3397324
TI  - Stimulation-dependent development of neuronal cytoplasm in mouse cochlear
      nucleus.
AB  - The extent of neuronal development in the mouse ventral cochlear nucleus was
      examined in normal and developmentally auditory deprived mice. Mice were
      unilaterally deprived on postnatal day three by external auditory meatus removal
      and sacrificed with controls on day 45, which is after the developmental period.
      Light microscopic morphometry of neuronal nucleus and cytoplasm areas
      demonstrated that the normal spherical and globular cells were larger in their
      low frequency regions than in their high frequency regions. This size difference
      occurred mainly in the cytoplasm. Developmental deprivation reduced neuronal
      cytoplasm areas similarly in the high and low frequency regions of both neuronal
      types, but had no effect on the size of the neuronal nucleus. It was interpreted
      that cytoplasmic metabolic events are dependent on developmental levels of
      stimulation and high and low frequency regions normally are differentially
      stimulated. Furthermore, these stimulation-dependent cytoplasmic events are
      impaired by developmental hypostimulation, which retards neuronal metabolism and
      growth. No changes were observed in the cochlear nucleus contralateral to the
      deprived side, suggesting that compensatory changes, such as hypertrophy, did not
      occur.

PMID- 3397325
TI  - Frequency dependence of synchronization of cochlear nerve fibers in the alligator
      lizard: evidence for a cochlear origin of timing and non-timing neural pathways.
AB  - The dependence of synchronization of spike discharges on tone frequency was
      measured in cochlear nerve fibers of anesthetized alligator lizards at 21 degrees
      C. Synchronization measures were based on the fundamental component of a Fourier
      analysis of the instantaneous discharge rate in response to tone bursts.
      Measurements were obtained from fibers innervating hair cells in both the region
      of the cochlea that contains a tectorial membrane (tectorial fibers) and the
      region where hair-cell stereocilia are free-standing in scala media (free
      standing fibers). Both rate and synchronization tuning-curves were measured
      automatically as a function of tone frequency. For tectorial fibers, the shapes
      of synchronization tuning-curves are roughly similar to the shapes of rate tuning
      curves: the characteristic frequencies (CF's) of both curves are approximately
      equal. For free-standing fibers, the shape of synchronization tuning-curves
      differ markedly from those of rate tuning-curves. The CF's of synchronization and
      rate tuning-curves differ - the ranges are 0.2-0.6 kHz and 1-4 kHz, respectively 
      and the two CF's are uncorrelated. Synchronization filter-functions, which are
      contours of synchronization index at constant average discharge rate, were
      measured as a function of tone frequency for both tectorial and free-standing
      fibers. These synchronization filter-functions have the shapes of lowpass
      filters. For the populations of tectorial fibers and of free-standing fibers
      taken separately, these functions are independent of CF. The corner frequency of
      these functions is 0.50 +/- 0.038 kHz for tectorial fibers and 0.37 +/- 0.037 kHz
      for free-standing fibers. We conclude that these populations are characterized by
      different synchronization filters. For free-standing fibers, synchronization
      filter-functions measured at average driven discharge rates of about 20 and 40
      spikes/s do not differ appreciably, and the high-frequency slope is -80 to -115
      dB/decade. The results show that tectorial fibers encode timing information for
      low-level stimuli, whereas free-standing fibers do not. It is proposed that in
      the alligator lizard, neural pathways that encode timing information originate in
      the tectorial region and those that encode non-timing information originate in
      the free-standing region.

PMID- 3397326
TI  - Stages of degradation of timing information in the cochlea: a comparison of hair
      cell and nerve-fiber responses in the alligator lizard.
AB  - Responses to clicks and tone bursts of hair cells and nerve fibers in the free
      standing region of the alligator lizard cochlea were compared. The objective was
      to determine the extent to which the hair-cell processes that produce the
      receptor potential are also responsible for the attenuation of the synchronized
      responses of nerve fibers. The AC component of the receptor potential of these
      hair cells has a high-frequency attenuation of 20 dB/decade [Holton and Weiss
      (1983) J. Physiol. 345, 205-240], whereas the synchronized response of cochlear
      neurons is attenuated at a rate of least 80 dB/decade [Rose and Weiss (1988)
      Hear. Res. 33, 151-166]. Therefore, the processes that link the receptor
      potential to the nerve discharge act as a lowpass filter with a high-frequency
      attenuation of at least 60 dB/decade. This could be obtained from a cascade of at
      least three first-order lowpass filter processes.

PMID- 3397328
TI  - Auditory peripheral tuning: evidence for a simple resonance phenomenon in the
      lizard Tiliqua.
AB  - The origin of the frequency selectivity of neurons in the vertebrate auditory
      periphery is one of the most important questions in auditory research today. In
      an attempt to delineate the extent to which structures outside the sensory cells
      play a role in determining peripheral auditory responses, we measured the
      mechanical displacement of the basilar membrane and the selectivity of nerve
      fibres at the same location in the bobtail lizard. These data indicate a
      contribution to frequency selectivity, the tuning of which resembles a high-pass
      resonant filter characteristic, arising subsequent to the basilar membrane
      motion. A comparison of these data with the tuning of auditory-nerve fibres
      originating from papillar areas in other lizard species without a tectorial
      membrane, suggests that it is the involvement of the tectorial membrane in a
      mechanical resonance which increases the frequency selectivity.

PMID- 3397327
TI  - A comparison of synchronization filters in different auditory receptor organs.
AB  - Measurements of the frequency dependence of synchronization of cochlear nerve
      fibers obtained in different auditory receptor organs are compared. These
      synchronization filter-functions are lowpass filter-functions and differ
      primarily in corner frequencies which we estimate to be (in kHz): 2.5 (cat), 1.1
      (guinea pig), 0.48 (alligator-lizard tectorial fibers), 0.42 (tree frog), and
      0.34 (alligator-lizard free-standing fibers). Some of this variation in corner
      frequency can be explained by temperature-dependent lowpass-filter mechanisms
      with a temperature factor of 2.6-3.3 for a change in temperature of 10 degrees C.
      However, factors in addition to temperature must be involved in producing the
      differences in corner frequency between cat and guinea pig fibers and between
      tectorial and free-standing fibers in the alligator lizard.

PMID- 3397329
TI  - Species differences in the distribution of infracuticular F-actin in outer hair
      cells of the cochlea.
AB  - The distribution of filamentous actin (F-actin) in outer hair cells has been
      examined in several mammalian species using tetramethylrhodamine phalloidin, a
      specific marker for F-actin. The stereocilia and cuticular plates of the OHC in
      all species examined (pigmented guinea pig, hooded rat, chinchilla and squirrel
      monkey) contained F-actin; however, an infracuticular network of F-actin was
      present in OHC of the apical turns of the guinea pig cochlea but could not be
      identified in any other species examined.

PMID- 3397330
TI  - Effects of electrical stimulation of efferent olivocochlear neurons on cat
      auditory-nerve fibers. I. Rate-level functions.
AB  - In previous studies describing the effects of electrically stimulating the
      olivocochlear bundle, it seems possible that both medial and lateral (MOC and
      LOC) efferents may have been stimulated. To selectively stimulate MOC efferents,
      we used an electrode placed at the origin of the MOC efferents in the brainstem
      (MOC stimulation). For comparison, a stimulating electrode was placed in the
      fourth ventricle at the decussation of the crossed olivocochlear bundle where
      both MOC and LOC efferents are present (midline-OCB stimulation). Rate versus
      sound level functions from auditory-nerve fibers were obtained with and without
      efferent stimulation. Stimulation at either location shifted rate vs. level
      functions to higher sound levels and depressed the rate in the plateau. For
      fibers with high spontaneous rates, the level shifts and plateau depressions had
      slightly different distributions as a function of characteristic frequency. The
      average amplitudes of these effects were largest for midline-OCB stimulation,
      next largest for crossed MOC stimulation and smallest for uncrossed MOC
      stimulation. The qualitative pattern of the effects, however, did not depend on
      the location of the stimulus electrode. The amplitudes of the efferent-induced
      effects were different for auditory-nerve fibers with different spontaneous rates
      (by as much as a factor of three for the plateau depression). The results support
      several hypotheses: (1) the effects of midline-OCB stimulation are due only to
      the action of MOC efferents, (2) individual crossed and uncrossed MOC fibers
      produce similar effects, and (3) efferents differentially change the information
      carrying properties of auditory-nerve fibers in different spontaneous-rate
      categories. These results, taken together with anatomical data in the literature,
      are consistent with the hypothesis that, in the cat, MOC and midline-OCB
      stimulation have their effect solely through synapses on outer hair cells. The
      data are consistent with the hypothesis that the level shifts are produced by MOC
      efferents acting on outer hair cells to reduce the mechanical stimulus to inner
      hair cells. It seems likely that some other mechanism is required to produce the
      plateau depressions, at least for auditory-nerve fibers with high spontaneous
      rates.

PMID- 3397331
TI  - Comparison of Finnish landrace crossbred ewes with Columbia, Rambouillet and
      Targhee ewes on western range.
AB  - The objective of this study was to compare reproductive efficiency and wool
      production of 1/4 Finn crossbred ewes with straightbred Columbia, Rambouillet and
      Targhee ewes. In Phase I, white-faces ewes (WF; Columbia, Rambouillet and
      Targhee) were bred to either rams of their own breed or Finnish Landrace X
      Rambouillet rams (F X R) to produce 821 lambs from 563 lambings. Ewes bred to F X
      R had similar average litter size and individual lamb weights at birth, 60 d and
      weaning as those bred to WF. Lambs sired by F X R had 7% higher (P less than .01)
      lamb weaned per ewe lambing for ewes bred to F X R rams. For Phase II,
      approximately equal numbers of F X R-sired (1/4Fx) and WF-sired female lambs
      produced in Phase I each year were exposed to Suffolk rams at yearly intervals
      beginning at 7 mo of age. At 1 yr of age, 1/4Fx had higher fertility (P less than
      .01) than WF (37.7% vs 1.3%), resulting in 14.0 kg more lamb weaned per ewe
      exposed to breeding. Mature (ages 2 to 6 yr) 1/4Fx ewes had similar fertility to
      mature WF ewes, but litter size, number of lambs at 60 d and weaning was .36, .24
      and .22 lambs higher (P less than .01), respectively, for mature 1/4Fx. Progeny
      of 1/4Fx were lighter at birth (P less than .01), but not different (P greater
      than .05) at 60 d and weaning than those of WF. Survival to 60 d unadjusted and
      adjusted for birth weight was 4.6% (P less than .05) and 7.6% (P less than .01)
      higher, respectively, for 1/4Fx progeny than for WF progeny.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3397332
TI  - A modified reduced nocturnal temperature regimen for early-weaned pigs.
AB  - A four-trial experiment utilizing 3- to 4-wk-old newly weaned pigs was conducted
      to evaluate the effect of a modified reduced nocturnal (MRNT) nursery temperature
      regimen on weaned pig and subsequent grower-finisher performance. Nursery
      treatments were 1) a control temperature (CT) regimen of 30 degrees C constant
      air temperature lowered 2 degrees C/wk and 2) a regimen beginning 1 wk after
      weaning in which the temperature from 1900 to 0700 was lowered 6 degrees C from
      CT. Weaned pigs gained faster (P less than .01) in the MRNT treatment than in the
      CT treatment, with gains in Trials 1, 2, 3 and 4 being .39 vs .37, .28 vs .27,
      .38 vs .37 and .39 vs .36 kg/d, respectively. This improvement in gain was due to
      an increase (P less than .005) in feed intake for the same periods (.60 vs .58;
      .48 vs .42; .59 vs .58; .63 vs .58 kg/d). There was no difference in feed
      conversion (P greater than .1). There was no effect (P greater than .1) of MRNT
      vs CT on subsequent performance to slaughter weight for average daily gain (.69
      vs .69 kg/d), average daily feed (2.22 vs 2.23 kg/d) or gain/feed (.31 vs .31).
      These results support the conclusions that weaned pigs eat more feed and gain
      faster with a reduced nocturnal temperature scheme and that there are no carry
      over effects during the growing-finishing phase.

PMID- 3397333
TI  - Effects of induced parturition and early obstetrical assistance in beef cattle.
AB  - Pregnant crossbred beef females (33 second-calf cows and 73 primiparous heifers)
      bred to a single Hereford sire were assigned to a 2(3) factorial study involving
      age of dam, natural (NP) or induced (IP) parturition and late emergency (LA) or
      forced early (EA) obstetrical assistance. Parturition was induced with 10 mg
      flumethazone given i.m. between 1400 and 1600 on d 272 of gestation; EA was given
      when the cervix and birth canal were fully dilated. Average IP occurred 39.6 h
      postinjection, and 95.3% of the treated dams responded within 60 h postinjection;
      gestation was shortened 2.9 d (P approximately equal to .07). Dystocia score
      (from 1 = no assist to 4 = major traction required and 5 = abnormal presentation)
      was 1.12 vs 2.40 for LA and EA, respectively (P less than .01), and 11% of LA vs
      84% of EA were assisted. Calf vigor score (1 = normal to 3 = severely depressed
      or dying) at birth was 1.3 for NP and 1.1 for IP (P approximately equal to .06)
      and 1.3 for EA and 1.1 for LA (P less than .05). This effect of EA was due to
      reduced vigor of calves experiencing abnormal presentation. Birth weights (BW)
      and weaning weights (WW) of calves from cows exceeded those from heifers (32.6 vs
      30.8 kg, P less than .05; 210.9 vs 156.3 kg, P less than .01, respectively).
      Differences due to IP and EA in BW, WW, postpartum interval and conception rate
      were not significant, but weight gain of calves from EA dams tended (P
      approximately equal to .09) to be greater than weight gain of calves from LA
      dams.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3397334
TI  - Relationships of pelvic structure, body measurements, pelvic area and calving
      difficulty.
AB  - Data on 186 Hereford heifers from five South Dakota ranches were collected to
      evaluate the relationships of pelvic structure and body measurements with calving
      difficulty (CD) and pelvic area. Body measurements obtained prebreeding and
      precalving included two internal pelvic and seven external rump measurements,
      three pelvic angles and two slope of rump measurements. A calving difficulty
      score (CDS) of 1 (unassisted) to 8 (Caesarean) was assigned at birth, and calf
      birth weight was recorded. Data were analyzed using both regression and
      discriminant analyses. Stepwise regression analysis including all 49 variables
      showed that calf birth weight was the most important variable influencing CDS (R2
      = .33), with precalving pelvic area ranking second (cumulative R2 = .45).
      Prediction equations that included all variables or only prebreeding variables
      accounted for 63% and 25% of the variation in CDS, respectively. Pelvic angles
      and slope of rump variables had low correlations with CDS and pelvic area. Ratios
      of prebreeding and precalving pelvic areas to calf birth weight significantly
      decreased as CDS increased. A prebreeding ratio of 4.7 cm2/kg may be beneficial
      in selection of replacement heifers. In discriminant analyses, the most
      informative variable in differentiating among levels of CD was calf birth weight.
      All models significantly discriminated between two CD categories (assisted and
      unassisted). Models using prebreeding variables only performed as well as those
      based on precalving variables.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3397335
TI  - A comparison of progeny sired by high and low indexing Hampshire and Duroc
      central test station boars: progeny performance.
AB  - A 2-yr study compared progeny performance of high (HI) and low (LI) indexing
      central test station boars purchased in Iowa, Missouri, Nebraska and Oklahoma.
      Boars were evaluated for a National Swine Improvement Federation index
      recommended for central test stations. The 1st yr 22 Hampshire boars were mated
      to three- and four-breed Duroc, Yorkshire, Landrace and Spotted cross gilts. A
      disease outbreak the first farrowing season caused severe death loss and reduced
      performance. From 198 litters, 826 pigs completed their gain test. The 2nd yr 23
      Duroc boars were mated randomly to gilts produced the previous year. From 181
      litters, 1,070 pigs completed their gain test. No differences existed for
      postweaning average daily gain (ADG) and probe backfat thickness (PBF); however,
      progeny sired by HI Hampshire boars were an average of 5.66 units better for the
      index (I) compared with progeny of LI Hampshire boars. Gilt progeny of HI Duroc
      boars were .03 kg, .79 mm and 3.93 units greater for ADG, PBF and I,
      respectively, than LI Duroc-sired gilts. Barrow progeny of LI Duroc boars gained
      .01 kg/d faster, had .59 mm more PBF and were no different for I than barrows
      sired by HI Duroc boars. Maternal grandsire effects were important for Duroc
      sired pigs, with gilts of HI maternal grandsires having .01 kg faster ADG, yet
      barrows of HI maternal grandsires had .02 kg slower ADG as compared with gilts
      and barrows having LI maternal grandsires, respectively.

PMID- 3397337
TI  - Creep grazing and early weaning effects on cow and calf productivity.
AB  - One hundred fifty Simmental-Hereford cows and calves were used in a 3-yr study to
      evaluate three creep grazing treatments and an early weaning treatment on cow and
      calf performance during midsummer (July to September). Calves were approximately
      150 d of age and averaged 178.6 kg when treatments were initiated. Tifleaf pearl
      millet (Pennisetum Americanum L. Leeke) was used as the forage for two of the
      creep treatments, representing two cow stocking intensities of .466 (TLM1) and
      .239 (TLM2) ha of base hill land pasture/cow, and as pasture for early weaned
      calves. A red clover (Trifolium pratense L.)-Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis
      L.) mixture was used as the other creep forage. Hill land pastures were similar
      for the mature cow units in all creep treatments. Calf average daily gains ranged
      from .93 to 1.10 kg and were not influenced (P greater than .05) by treatment.
      Calf gains per hectare were similar for the control, red clover and TLM1
      treatments. The TLM2 and early weaning treatments resulted in increases of 105.4
      and 39.1 kg of calf gain/ha (P less than .05) compared with the control. When
      calves were allowed to creep graze millet, decreasing the forage area from .466
      to .239 ha per cow-calf unit resulted in an increase of 97.7 kg of calf gain/ha
      with no reduction in calf gain. Cows on the more intensively grazed millet creep
      treatment (TLM2) lost more weight (P less than .05) during midsummer than those
      on the TLM1 treatment, but they gained 18.5 kg more (P less than .10) weight than
      TLM1 cows between weaning and the start of winter feeding.

PMID- 3397336
TI  - Effects of dried whey and copper sulfate on the growth responses to organic acid
      in diets for weanling pigs.
AB  - Five 21-d to 28-d experiments involving 484 pigs weaned at 28 +/- 2 d of age were
      conducted to evaluate the effects of addition of organic acid to a fortified,
      corn-soybean meal diet (CS) or to a similar diet containing 15% dried whey (CSW)
      on performance of pigs. The effects of an antibiotic-sulfonamide combination (110
      mg chlortetracycline, 110 mg sulfamethazine, 55 mg penicillin/kg) and the
      interactive effects of Cu sulfate (250 ppm Cu) and acid also were evaluated. The
      acid was a commercial product consisting of 96% organic acid (citric acid and Na
      citrate, 2:1). Treatments in Exp. 1 and 2 were factorial arrangements of the CS
      or CSW basal diets supplemented with 0 or 1% (Exp. 1) and 0, .5 or 1% (Exp. 2) of
      the acid product. Pigs fed diets containing whey consumed more feed (P less than
      .01) and gained weight faster (P less than .05), but they had feed/gain responses
      similar to those of pigs fed the CS diet. Addition of 1% acid improved (P less
      than .01) growth rate of pigs fed the CS diet but did not improve (P greater than
      .25) growth rate of pigs fed the CSW diet. Feed/gain was improved (P less than
      .01) by acid addition to both the CS and the CSW diets. Improvements in gain and
      feed/gain were similar for the two levels of acid. In Exp. 3 and 4, factorial
      combinations of 0 and 1% acid and 0 and 250 ppm Cu were evaluated in diets
      containing an antibiotic-sulfonamide combination. In addition, a negative control
      diet (no antibiotics, acid or Cu) was included. Pigs fed diets containing
      antibiotics gained faster and more efficiently (P less than .01) than those fed
      the control diet.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3397338
TI  - Optimal beef cattle diets formulated by nonlinear programming.
AB  - A beef diet model based on National Research Council recommendations is
      significantly nonlinear for feed ingredients, daily gain and weight of cattle.
      Solving a diet model has been difficult, but advances in nonlinear programming
      now allow solutions that are quick and easy. This study developed a nonlinear
      programming method for optimally planning a feeding program by choosing feeds,
      daily gains and selling weight. Two types of diets are important for this
      purpose:optimal-return diets and least-cost-gain diets. For a given weight of
      cattle, an optimal-return diet chooses feeds and daily gain to maximize returns
      above feed costs. A least-cost-gain diet chooses feeds and daily gain to minimize
      feed plus yardage costs per kilogram of gain. In an optimal feeding program, a
      sequence of optimal-return diets is fed to increasing weights of cattle. Feed
      costs plus yardage per kilogram of gain rise to equal the actual selling price at
      the optimal selling weight, and the cattle are sold. Cattle feeders and
      researchers with access to a microcomputer can maximize net returns from a
      feeding program.

PMID- 3397340
TI  - Comparisons of specific crosses from Yorkshire-Landrace, Chester White-Landrace
      and Chester White-Yorkshire sows.
AB  - One hundred thirty Yorkshire-Landrace (YL), Chester White-Landrace (CL) and
      Chester White-Yorkshire (CY) F1 crossbred sows were mated randomly to Duroc (D),
      Hampshire (H), Farmers Hybrid 414 (FH414) or Farmers Hybrid 929 (FH929) boars.
      These matings produced 321 litters and 3,379 pigs, which were used to determine
      the effect of sire breeding and dam breeding on preweaning and postweaning
      performance of the pigs and litters. Litter size born alive, litter size at 56 d,
      litter weight at 56 d and litter weight per day of age to 100 kg were lower in
      litters sired by H boars than in those sired by D boars. However, sizes and
      weights of litters sired by D and H boars were not different from those sired by
      FH414 and FH929 boars. Litter sizes at birth were larger for litters out of CL
      and CY sows than those out of YL sows, but significant differences were not found
      for litter sizes at 21 d, 56 d or at marketing. Pigs sired by H boars were
      heavier at birth than pigs sired by D boars. Pigs sired by H boars did not differ
      significantly in weights at 21 and 56 d or in postweaning daily gains or days to
      100 kg from pigs sired by D boars. Pigs out of CL dams were heavier at birth, 21
      d and 56 d of age than pigs out of CY dams, but did not differ significantly in
      postweaning gains or in days to 100 kg. Pigs sired by D and H boars had less
      ultrasonic fat than pigs sired by FH414 and FH929 boars. Pigs sired by FH929
      boars were leaner than pigs sired by FH414 boars.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3397339
TI  - Selection on individual phenotype and best linear unbiased predictor of breeding
      value in a closed swine herd.
AB  - Computer simulation of a closed 100-sow and 4-boar swine herd was used to analyze
      effects of selection method on genetic change, inbreeding and genetic variance
      over 10 yr for traits with heritabilities (h2) of .10, .30 and .60. Selection of
      replacement animals was either on individual phenotype or best linear unbiased
      predictor (BLUP) of breeding value using an animal model. For both methods,
      culling of existing breeding animals was at random on age and reproductive
      performance. The effect of additional culling of existing breeding animals when a
      replacement with better individual phenotype or BLUP of breeding value was
      available also was evaluated. Genetic gain was greater for selection on BLUP than
      on individual phenotype, but relative differences narrowed with increasing
      heritability. At yr 10 the relative advantage of selection on BLUP was 55% for h2
      = .10, 25% for h2 = .30 and 10% for h2 = .60. Culling when a replacement with
      better individual phenotype or BLUP of breeding value was available resulted in
      considerably increased genetic progress (34% to 57%). The proportional effect of
      culling on rate of genetic gain was relatively independent of heritability and
      type of selection. Inbreeding (F) was higher with selection on BLUP (F = .27 to
      .38 at yr 10) than on individual phenotype (F = .17 to .22 at yr 10). As
      heritability increased, rate of inbreeding increased for selection on individual
      phenotype, but rate of inbreeding tended to decrease with increasing heritability
      for selection on BLUP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3397341
TI  - Factors affecting survival in young alpacas (Lama pacos).
AB  - Factors affecting survival of young from birth to weaning (7 mo) in alpacas (Lama
      pacos) were evaluated in data collected at the Estacion Experimental de Camelidos
      Sudamericanos La Raya in the Altiplano region of Peru. Age of dam effects on
      survival rate were curvilinear; survival rate increased from approximately 78%
      for offspring of 3-yr-old dams to about 91% for those from 9- to 11-yr-old dams,
      then declined to about 85% for 15-yr-old dams. Weight of dam measured 2 mo prior
      to parturition was associated negatively with survival of the young (b = 
      .7%/kg). Alpaca born early in the season of birth had a higher survival rate than
      those born late; the regression of survival on birth date was -.2%/d. Survival
      rates were curvilinearly related with birth weight and were highest at weights of
      9 to 11 kg (90%) and lowest at weights of 4 to 5 kg (20% to 40%). The estimated
      heritabilities of survival and birth weight were .10 +/- .17 and .34 +/- .23,
      weight was -.18 +/- .82; the corresponding environmental and phenotypic
      correlations were positive (.37 and .26, respectively).

PMID- 3397342
TI  - Maternal characteristics of young dams representing Bos taurus and Bos indicus x
      Bos taurus breed types.
AB  - Reproductive traits and preweaning growth of progeny from young Hereford, Red
      Poll, Hereford X Red Poll, Red Poll X Hereford, Angus X Hereford, Angus X
      Charolais, Brahman X Hereford and Brahman X Angus dams were evaluated. First-calf
      heifers were mated with Red Angus bulls; Santa Gertrudis sires were used for each
      cow's second and third breeding season. Herefords, Red Polls and Hereford-Red
      Poll crosses were below average in percentage of calves weaned, whereas Angus
      sired and Brahman-sired dams exceeded the overall mean. Angus X Charolais (P less
      than .10), Brahman X Hereford (P less than .01) and Brahman X Angus (P less than
      .10) dams weaned a higher percentage of calves than straightbred Herefords. None
      of these breed types differed from young Angus X Hereford females in reproductive
      performance. Angus X Charolais calves ranked highest in 180-d calf weight,
      exceeding progeny from both Hereford (P less than .01) and Angus X Hereford (P
      less than .10) dams. Brahman X Hereford dams weaned heavier (P less than .05)
      calves than Herefords, but their progeny did not differ at weaning from those
      reared by Angus X Herefords. Calves from Brahman X Angus dams weighed 12.7 kg
      less (P less than .01) than Angus X Hereford progeny. Analysis of the Hereford
      Red Poll diallel showed evidence of (P less than .10) maternal heterosis in 180-d
      calf weight.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3397343
TI  - Estimates of genetic parameters and predicted selection responses for growth, fat
      and lean traits in mice.
AB  - Heritabilities (h2) and genetic correlations (rG) were estimated by regression of
      offspring on sire in two replicate, unselected lines of mice. Traits were
      associated with growth, feed efficiency, fat deposition and lean tissue. The h2
      for growth traits ranged from .34 to .42, except for 3-wk body weight, which was
      only .05. The h2 for feed efficiency was .28. Ranges in h2 were .45 to .50 for
      fat deposition traits and .36 to .42 for lean tissue traits. The rG involving 3
      wk to 6-wk feed efficiency with hind carcass and fat measurements at 12 wk were
      small. Antagonisms were found between the sign of rG and the direction of usual
      breeding goals for pairs of traits (e.g., rG greater than 0 between fat
      deposition and hind carcass weight and rG less than 0 between hind carcass as a
      percentage of body weight and body weight). Selection indexes were developed to
      counteract these antagonisms. Modified selection indexes were compared where
      responses in individual traits rather than the aggregate breeding value were of
      major importance. The aggregate breeding values and selection indexes included:
      1) epididymal fat pad weight and body weight, 2) hind carcass weight and body
      weight, or 3) all three traits. Economic weights in retrospect were calculated
      for the modified selection indexes. In some cases, expected correlated responses
      in component traits were not influenced greatly over a wide range of ratios of
      economic weights, but in other cases the component traits changed sharply over a
      narrow range of ratios.

PMID- 3397344
TI  - Sexual performance of rams reared with or without females after weaning.
AB  - The objective of this study was to determine the effect of postweaning exposure
      to females on the subsequent sexual performance of young rams. Twenty-five
      crossbred rams were reared in a group with ovariectomized females from 4.5 to 9
      mo of age. Ewes were brought into estrus every 2 wk during this period. A
      companion group of 23 crossbred rams was not exposed to females following
      weaning. Four 30-min sexual performance tests were administered at 10 mo of age.
      Rams reared with males and females (RMF) exhibited more mounts (P less than .001)
      and more ejaculations (P less than .002) than rams reared only with males (RM).
      The frequency of successful matings by the latter group did not increase with
      experience. Nine rams were sexually inactive in the sexual performance tests.
      Follow-up tests revealed that two of the RMF rams and one RM ram developed and
      maintained a sexual preference for males. The six remaining rams eventually mated
      with females when tested in familiar pens and subsequently exhibited normal
      levels of sexual performance even when tested in an unfamiliar enclosure.
      Exposure to ewes during the postweaning prepubertal period enhanced sexual
      performance. However, early exposure to females did not ensure that all males
      developed sexual preferences for females. The environmental context in which
      sexual performance tests are administered may inhibit the expression of
      heterosexual behavior in a small percentage of animals. After heterosexual
      behavior was expressed, the rams continued to show normal levels of sexual
      performance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3397345
TI  - Bulls fail to show preference for estrous females in serving capacity tests.
AB  - Eighteen sexually experienced Hereford bulls were exposed individually to a pair
      of restrained hormone-induced estrous and nonestrous females to determine mating
      preferences in the context of serving capacity testing. No evidence was obtained
      to support the hypothesis that restrained estrous females are more attractive to
      bulls than restrained nonestrous females. Estrous and nonestrous females received
      similar numbers of mount intentions, mount attempts, mounts without ejaculations
      and ejaculations during the 20-min tests. Time spent with estrous and nonestrous
      females and latencies to leave initially chosen estrous and nonestrous females to
      investigate the alternative female also were similar. Bulls interacted more with
      the females that they contacted first, regardless of estrous condition. A female
      position effect was noted. We conclude that restrained nonestrous females are as
      effective as restrained estrous females in assessing the serving capacity of
      Hereford bulls.

PMID- 3397346
TI  - Postweaning growth, feed efficiency and chemical composition of sheep as affected
      by prenatal and postnatal testosterone.
AB  - Data were collected from intact males, castrated males and ewe lambs to
      investigate the effect of presence or absence of testosterone prenatally and
      during the postweaning period on postweaning growth, feed intake and carcass
      chemical composition. Half the lambs from each sex were the progeny of dams that
      had received five injections of testosterone cyprionate from d 32 through d 87 of
      gestation. Linear contrasts were used to detect differences. Postweaning daily
      gain of intact males was greater (P less than .01) than that of male castrates.
      Ewe lambs from treated dams had approximately 12% greater rate of growth (P less
      than .04) than ewe lambs from control dams. Ewe lambs from dams that had been
      treated were 28% more efficient (P less than .01) in the conversion of food to
      weight than those from untreated dams. Ewe lambs from treated dams had heavier
      livers (P less than .07). Carcass protein for intact males was greater (P less
      than .11) than for castrates, and extractable fat was less (P less than .05).
      Masculinization of growth characteristics of ewe lambs affected the quantity of
      carcass fat relative to control ewes (7.59 vs 8.92 kg). These ewe lambs also had
      more water in the carcass than did the control ewes (13.93 vs 12.29 kg).
      Administration of exogenous testosterone to pregnant ewes over an interval of
      time approximating time of sexual differentiation in the fetus enhances
      postweaning growth rate, feed conversion efficiency and chemical composition of
      genetic females.

PMID- 3397347
TI  - Effects of transport stress on concentrations of cortisol, corticosteroid-binding
      globulin and glucocorticoid receptors in pigs with different halothane genotypes.
AB  - Effects of stress on concentrations of cortisol and corticosteroid-binding
      globulin (CBG) in blood plasma and on glucocorticoid receptor concentrations in
      muscle cytosol were studied in pigs representing three Halothane (Hal) genotypes
      (NN, Nn, nn). At 12 wk of age, animals were divided into four groups: pigs
      subjected to transport (5 h in a truck), pigs treated with amperozide prior to
      transport, pigs not transported but treated with amperozide and pigs neither
      transported nor given amperozide. Animals were slaughtered the week they reached
      100 kg live weight (3 mo later). The Hal gene showed no major influence on the
      variables studied except for cortisol concentrations (P = .06) measured directly
      after transport at 12 wk of age (NN = 66.8 nM, Nn = 61.4 nM, nn = 69.4 nM).
      However, the response in each Hal genotype differed, depending on whether or not
      the pigs had been exposed to transport. Two weeks after transport, NN pigs
      developed higher cortisol concentrations than untransported animals, whereas the
      response was reversed in nn animals; Nn pigs showed no difference in this regard.
      At slaughter, the effect of transport (12 wk of age) on cortisol and CBG was
      still apparent. In NN pigs cortisol and CBG concentrations were elevated (P less
      than or equal to .05, P = .08, respectively), whereas concentrations tended to be
      lower in nn pigs (P = .17, P = .07, respectively) when compared with
      untransported pigs. Transported pigs had lower receptor concentrations at
      slaughter (P less than or equal to .01) than untransported pigs. However, pigs
      given amperozide in connection with transport had a receptor concentration
      comparable to that in untransported pigs. Our study shows conclusively that
      transport stress had long-term effects on cortisol, CBG and glucocorticoid
      receptor concentrations. In addition, amperozide had long-term effects on
      cortisol and receptor concentrations.

PMID- 3397349
TI  - Effect of blood sampling and shipment to slaughter on plasma catecholamine
      concentrations in bulls.
AB  - The effect of venipuncture on blood serum catecholamine concentrations was
      studied in five yearling Red Angus bulls. Treatments consisted of sampling
      jugular vein blood via indwelling cannulas in a squeeze chute every 10 min for 1
      h; sampling jugular vein blood from an indwelling catheter before, during and
      after venipuncture simulation; sampling jugular vein blood by venipuncture in a
      chute after shipment of 320 km to a slaughter plant; and sampling pooled blood
      from the neck during exsanguination at slaughter. Plasma epinephrine (E) and
      norepinephrine (NE) concentrations were determined by high performance liquid
      chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection (ECD). Prevenipuncture NE
      and E in blood sampled from an indwelling catheter extended through a solid wall
      were 1.0 and .5 pmol/ml plasma, respectively. Plasma NE and E during venipuncture
      (1.6 and 1.1 pmol/ml, respectively) and immediately after cannulation in a
      squeeze chute (1.8 and 1.2 pmol/ml, respectively) were higher than
      prevenipuncture concentrations. Plasma NE and E, 1.9 and 1.2 pmol/ml plasma after
      shipment of 320 km, increased during exsanguination to 135.8 and 81.3 pmol/ml
      plasma, respectively. The NE and E in blood samples collected by venipuncture in
      a chute or box stall do not represent resting concentrations of these
      catecholamines.

PMID- 3397348
TI  - Trenbolone acetate in combination with 17 beta-estradiol: influence of implant
      supports and dose levels on animal performance and plasma metabolites.
AB  - Twelve (Exp. 1) and 24 (Exp. 2) young growing bulls were used to compare the
      effects of long-acting, cholesterol-based implants with short-acting, lactose
      based implants. Each implant contained 200 mg of trenbolone acetate and 40 mg of
      17 beta-estradiol. The long-acting, cholesterol-based implants were applied once
      either 18 wk (early implantation) or 12 wk (late implantation) before slaughter.
      The lactose-based pellets were implanted once (6 wk before slaughter), twice (12
      and 6 wk) or three times (18, 12 and 6 wk) before slaughter. Treated animals had
      higher live weight gains, a lower feed conversion ratio, a higher proportion of
      lean meat and a lower proportion of adipose tissue than control animals. In Exp.
      1 live weight gain of bulls implanted early with a single cholesterol-based
      implant was similar to the gain of animals treated three times with a lactose
      based implant, but in Exp. 2 the effects of the long-acting implants given early
      were not sustained. In Exp. 3, 24 young growing bulls were used in a 3 X 2
      factorial design to compare the effects of three dose levels of trenbolone
      acetate (100, 200 and 300 mg) and two levels of 17 beta-estradiol (40 and 60 mg).
      There were no significant differences between treatment groups, but highest live
      weight gains were observed in animals implanted with 300 mg of trenbolone and 60
      mg of estradiol. This group also yielded the highest proportion of lean meat and
      the lowest proportion of adipose tissue. There was a decrease in plasma urea
      concentration after each implantation. It appeared also that plasma trenbolone
      was higher with implants containing 60 mg of estradiol. There were no differences
      between groups in growth hormone response to arginine stimulation.

PMID- 3397350
TI  - Characterization of antral follicle populations during the estrous cycle in pigs
      selected for ovulation rate.
AB  - The objectives of this study were to characterize and compare ovarian follicular
      populations in Gene Pool Control (GPC, randomly selected) and Relax Select line
      (RS, nine generations of selection for high ovulation rate followed by six
      generations of random selection) gilts during different stages of the estrous
      cycle. Thirty-five RS and 23 GPC gilts were allotted randomly within litter for
      ovary recovery on either d 3, 15 or 19 of the estrous cycle. Surface follicles on
      the ovaries were classified by size (small, less than 3 mm; medium, 3 to 6.9 mm;
      large, 7 to 12 mm), and counts were recorded for each ovary. Ovarian weight (OW),
      number of corpora lutea (CL), follicular fluid volume (FFV) from small, medium
      and large follicles, residual ovarian weight and follicular fluid weight (FFW)
      also were recorded. Total numbers of small and medium follicles were greatest on
      d 15, whereas total number of large follicles and FFW were greatest on d 19. The
      OW, FFW and follicle numbers of all classes were lowest on d 3. The RS gilts
      expressed longer interestrous intervals (21.9 vs 20.4 d, P less than .05) and
      higher ovulation rates (18.5 vs 15.3 CL, P less than .01) than GPC gilts. The
      left ovary of RS gilts was responsible for most of the ovulation rate advantage
      (10.3 vs 7.4 CL, P less than .01) Overall, GPC gilts had more total small
      follicles than RS gilts (P less than .01). The advantage was due primarily to
      higher numbers of small follicles at d 15.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3397351
TI  - Feed intake and digestion by beef steers consuming and receiving ruminal
      insertions of prairie hay differing in level and particle size.
AB  - A 5 X 5 Latin square design involving five cannulated beef steers (342 and 358 kg
      avg initial and final body weights, respectively) fed prairie hay (76.7% neutral
      detergent fiber, 5.7% acid detergent lignin and .85% N) was conducted to evaluate
      effects on feed intake and nutrient digestion of variations in physical
      characteristics of ruminal digesta achieved by ruminal insertion of different
      amounts of prairie hay differing in particle size. Steers were fed hay ad libitum
      in two equal meals (0800 and 2000). At 1200, four of the steers received manual,
      ruminal insertions of ground hay. Fine hay (F) was ground through a screen with 2
      mm openings (.39 mm mean particle size), whereas coarse hay (C) was ground
      through a screen with 2.54-cm openings (4.46 mm mean particle size). Amounts of
      hay inserted were .2 (low, L) or .4% (high, H of initial body weight of
      individual steers. Ruminal hay insertions comprised 18% of total dry matter (DM)
      intake for L and 34 and 37% for HF and HC, respectively. Fed hay consumption
      decreased (P less than .05) with hay insertion and was lower for H than L; total
      DM intake was not influenced by treatment (P greater than .10). Ruminal NH3-N
      concentrations and ruminal organic matter digestion was greater (P less than .05)
      with ruminal hay insertion than without and with H than with L (P less than
      .05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3397352
TI  - Net absorption and oxygen consumption by Holstein steers fed alfalfa or
      orchardgrass silage at two equalized intakes.
AB  - The objective of this experiment was to compare net nutrient absorption and
      oxygen consumption by portal-drained viscera (PDV) of catheterized Holstein
      steers (333 kg) when fed alfalfa or orchardgrass silage at two equalized intakes.
      The design was a 4 X 4 Latin square with a 2 X 2 factorial arrangement of alfalfa
      or orchardgrass fed at 65 or 90 g dry matter/kg.75 live weight daily. Blood flow
      through PDV (dilution of p-aminohippurate), net nutrient absorption and oxygen
      consumption (venoarterial concentration differences times blood flow) were
      measured hourly for 12 h, followed by measurement of N and energy balance over 7
      d. Compared with orchardgrass, steers when fed alfalfa absorbed more NH3-N (P
      less than .05), branched-chain volatile fatty acids (P less than .10) and n
      valerate (P less than .05). Silage type did not affect (P greater than .10) blood
      flow to or O2 consumption by PDV or net absorption of glucose, L-lactate,
      acetate, propionate, urea-N, alpha-amino N or most amino acids. Oxygen
      consumption by PDV as a percentage of whole-animal O2 consumption was not
      different (P greater than .10) for steers when fed orchardgrass (27.2) or when
      fed alfalfa (23.6). Interrelationships between N and energy metabolism were
      responsible for the increased (P less than .05) metabolizable energy/kilogram
      silage dry matter and increased (P = .10) N retention by steers when fed alfalfa
      compared with orchardgrass. The PDV accounted for a substantial portion of whole
      animal O2 consumption.

PMID- 3397353
TI  - Ovine uterine morphogenesis: histochemical aspects of endometrial development in
      the fetus and neonate.
AB  - Uterine tissues obtained from fetal (d 60 to term; n = 17; d 0 = day of mating)
      and neonatal (n = 9; d 0 = birth) lambs were subjected to alcian blue-8GX and
      fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-lectin histochemistry to determine if
      alcianophilic properties of the epitheliomesenchymal interface (EMI) changed
      during endometrial morphogenesis and to characterize distribution of binding
      sites for seven FITC-lectins during uterine development. Neonatal lambs were
      subjected to bilateral ovariectomy and unilateral hysterectomy (BOHX; n = 3) or
      unilateral ovariohysterectomy (UOHX; n = 3) on d 0. Remaining tissues were
      recovered on d 14. Procedures allowed within-animal comparisons of endometrial
      responses and assessment of the role of the ovary in endometrial morphogenesis.
      Uteri also were obtained from three intact neonatal lambs by hysterectomy (d 14,
      d 15 and d 26). Alcianophilic properties of the EMI characteristic of polyanionic
      glycosaminoglycans (GAG) changed with onset of endometrial remodelling after
      fetal d 60 and were characterized by loss of EMI alcianophilia at or above .3 M
      MgCl2 and at low pH. Alcianophilic properties of the neonatal endometrium
      suggested restabilization of lumenal EMI and destabilization of the EMI in
      developing endometrial glands. Five of seven FITC-lectins bound to both fetal and
      neonatal uterine tissue. Tissues from UOHX, BOHX and intact ewes were
      indistinguishable histochemically. Data provide evidence of a role for GAG in
      ovine endometrial morphogenesis, ovary-independent initiation of endometrial
      glandular development, and illustrate potential uses of FITC-lectin conjugates in
      studies of ungulate uterine tissues.

PMID- 3397354
TI  - Effect of supplemental potassium in the receiving diet and form of antibiotic on
      feeder pig performance.
AB  - In five separate trials 901 feeder pigs (769 purchased and 132 university-raised)
      were used to determine the effect of level of dietary K (.64 vs 1.00 vs 1.40%),
      form of neoterramycin (feed-grade vs water-soluble) and a long-lasting
      oxytetracycline injection on subsequent performance. Purchased pigs fed a 28-d
      receiving diet with 1.00% K gained faster (P less than .05) than the control pigs
      fed a .64% K diet (.64 vs .60 kg) during a 1980 summer trial. Feed efficiency was
      not affected by level of dietary K. Three additional trials conducted during
      January, July and October of 1981 failed to substantiate this beneficial effect
      on rate of gain. Feeder pig performance was not different (P greater than .05)
      when either feed-grade or water-soluble neoterramycin was used as a 14-d
      receiving treatment at preventative levels. However, in one trial nearly twice as
      many pigs on the medicated feed diet required additional treatment for sickness
      compared with pigs receiving water medication (14.5 vs 7.9%; P less than .1).
      Giving pigs an injection of a long-lasting oxytetracycline (LA-200) either at the
      market or upon arrival at the finishing facility had no effect on performance;
      however, the pigs were home-raised rather than purchased; consequently, their
      health was excellent.

PMID- 3397355
TI  - Mitochondrial respiratory metabolism and performance of cattle.
AB  - Two groups of cows were sampled to study variation of mitochondrial metabolism.
      The first group included 10 lactating and five gestating Holstein cows,
      representing available phenotypic extremes for milk yield. The second group
      included 13 Angus, 13 Brangus and 13 Hereford cows, representing available
      extremes within breeds for growth breeding value ratios. Consistently poor
      mitochondrial samples were obtained from gestating cows; these were excluded from
      analyses. Linear correlations of Holstein mitochondrial respiratory activities
      with sire-predicted difference for milk and milk fat ranged from -.35 to .15.
      Correlations of dam and cow indices and cow yields for milk with acceptor
      stimulated mitochondrial respiration, oxidative phosphorylation efficiency
      (adenosine diphosphate:oxygen ratio [ADP:O ratio]) and adenosine triphosphate
      (ATP) synthesis rate were .25 to .48, consistently higher than for milk fat, -.06
      to .17. No differences among beef breeds in mitochondrial respiration rates,
      coupling of respiration to phosphorylation, ADP:O ratio or ATP synthesis rate
      were detected by repeated measures analyses of variance. No patterns were evident
      among correlations of the mitochondrial characteristics and growth and milk
      traits in beef cattle. These initial findings indicate that variability in the
      mitochondrial respiratory activities measured has less relation to weaning and
      yearling growth traits of beef cattle than to milk yield of Holstein cattle.

PMID- 3397356
TI  - Effects of ewe breed and ram exposure on estrous behavior in May and June.
AB  - Two groups of purebred ewes (A and B), each consisting of 25 Dorsets and 25
      Hampshires, were used to study effects of ewe breed and ram exposure on ovulation
      and estrus in May and June. Ewes lambed in January and February and were isolated
      from mature rams for at least 5 mo. From May 8 to June 11 (Period 1), Group A
      ewes were penned with vasectomized rams fitted with marking harnesses and Group B
      ewes were isolated from rams. From June 11 to July 13 (Period 2), rams were
      placed with Group B ewes and Group A ewes were isolated from rams. Ovulation was
      monitored by biweekly serum progesterone assays and crayon marks were used to
      detect estrus. For Group A ewes in Period 1, more Dorsets ovulated (96%) than did
      Hampshires (72%), and of ewes that ovulated, more Dorsets mated (83 vs 28%).
      Fifty-five percent of Dorsets, but only 20% of Hampshires, appeared to have been
      spontaneously cycling at the start of the experiment. Of ewes mated in Period 1,
      more Dorsets than Hampshires continued to cycle during Period 2 (65 vs 0%). For
      Group B ewes in Period 1, 44% of Dorsets, but only 8% of Hampshires, ovulated in
      the absence of rams. In Period 2, 92% of Dorsets and 84% of Hampshires ovulated.
      Of ewes that ovulated, more Dorset ewes mated (78 vs 52%). Of ewes that mated,
      more Dorsets appeared to be cycling spontaneously at ram introduction (39 vs 0%).
      Throughout the study, 24% of Dorsets, but no Hampshires, cycled
      continuously.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3397357
TI  - Correlated responses of carcass and reproductive traits to selection for rate of
      lean growth in swine.
AB  - Mass selection for an index of increased postweaning average daily gain and
      decreased backfat thickness was practiced for five generations. Litter size and
      weight for 221 gilt litters, birth weight and nipple number for 2,242 piglets and
      weaning weight at 42 d of age for 2,111 pigs were recorded. Carcass measurements
      were taken on 331 pigs. Differences between means of the lines (select control)
      were regressed on cumulative selection differential of the index. These
      regression coefficients were negative (P greater than .10) for total number born,
      number born alive, number weaned per litter, nipple number and carcass backfat
      thickness. Coefficients were positive (P greater than .10) for individual pig and
      litter weights at birth and weaning and for the carcass traits of length,
      longissimus muscle area and percentage of ham and loin. Absolute values of
      realized genetic correlations of index with traits evaluated were all .35 or less
      except the correlation with carcass backfat, which was -.84. None of these was
      significant; therefore, index selection for lean growth should have little effect
      on litter size and weight but may have a beneficial effect on carcass backfat.

PMID- 3397358
TI  - Prepartum behavior of gilts in three farrowing environments.
AB  - To determine effects of the farrowing environment on prepartum behavior, five
      gilts were monitored continuously for 48 h prior to parturition in each of three
      farrowing systems: 1) an open farrowing pen (2.1 x 1.5 m); 2) a turn-around
      farrowing pen, which allowed the gilt to turn around (2.4 m long; 1.8 m wide at
      back, .6 at front) and 3) a straight farrowing crate (sow zone = .6 x 2.1 m).
      Videorecords were summarized as three 16-h segments (Period A = 48 to 32 h before
      the first piglet was delivered, B = 32 to 16 h and C = 16 to 0 h) for analysis of
      activity over time. In all systems, frequencies of postural changes and oral
      nasal activities directed at the floor or wall increased as farrowing was
      approached, the highest frequencies occurring in Period C. Respective times spent
      standing, sitting and engaged in oral-nasal activities directed at floor or wall
      also increased over time. Pawing occurred almost exclusively in Period C. Lying
      upright (ventral posture) occupied a greater portion of lying time as the gilt's
      activity increased over time, whereas feeding and drinking behaviors did not
      change over time. The only behavior affected by the experimental environments was
      the frequency of 90 degree turns. Gilts in both open and turn-around pens showed
      an increasing turning frequency over time, and they turned more often in the open
      pen than in the turn-around pen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3397359
TI  - Serum profiles of vitamins A, E and D in mares and foals during different
      seasons.
AB  - Twenty mares and 15 foals of the Finnhorse breed were used to determine serum
      levels of vitamins A, E and D during different seasons. Monthly serum samples
      were analyzed from mares for 22 mo and from foals for 13 mo after birth. The
      horses were kept on pasture from early June until early October and in stables
      during the winter months. Seasonal differences (P less than .001) were found in
      serum retinol, retinol to protein ratio, alpha-tocopherol and alpha-tocopherol to
      cholesterol ratio. Values were lowest from February through May and highest from
      June through August. Serum levels of retinol and alpha-tocopherol of the foals
      were much lower (P less than .001) than in mares during the first 4 mo of life.
      As in the mares, serum levels of retinol and alpha-tocopherol decreased (P less
      than .001) in winter. At 1 yr of age, serum levels of these vitamins increased
      rapidly on pasture to values that were close to those found in adult horses.
      Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were very low throughout the year. However, a
      small seasonal variation also was found in 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in
      the mares. Serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels in pregnant mares in winter were
      similar to those found in lactating mares in summer. These levels also were low
      compared with those in animals of other species.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3397361
TI  - Dose-response relationship of the ionophore tetronasin in growing-finishing
      cattle.
AB  - The dose-response relationship of the ionophore tetronasin was defined in growing
      finishing cattle (84 heifers and 84 steers). Cattle were allotted by sex and
      weight replication (light and heavy) to 24 pens. Six dosages (D) of tetronasin
      (0, 3.7, 7.3, 11.0, 14.7 and 18.3 mg/kg, dry matter [DM] basis) were fed. Diets
      containing 40, 25 and 10% roughage were fed for 84, 56 and either 56 (heavy
      replication) or 91 d (light replication), respectively. Average starting weights
      were 242 and 270 kg and ending weights were 433 and 480 kg for heifers and
      steers, respectively. No interactions existed for ionophore with sex (P greater
      than .2) over the trial. Ionophore treatment did not affect overall average daily
      gain (.94 kg/d; P greater than .2). Daily DM intake (kg/d) decreased linearly as
      the level of tetronasin increased (8.4-.042D (dosage), r2 = .83, P less than
      .001). Gain efficiency (gain/feed, kg/100 kg DM) increased curvilinearly as
      ionophore dosage increased (11 + .16D - .0058D2, r2 = .77, P less than .001).
      Solving the first derivative indicated an optimum dose for gain efficiency
      improvement of 13.8 mg/kg. The gain efficiency response was greatest the first 84
      d, less the next 56 d and minimal the last 56 or 91 d (20, 7 and 2% improvement
      for D = 14.7 mg/kg, respectively). Tetronasin was found to improve gain
      efficiency by about 10% over control at an optimum dosage of 13.8 mg/kg.

PMID- 3397360
TI  - Weekly digestibilities of diets supplemented with corn oil, lard or tallow by
      weanling swine.
AB  - Two experiments were conducted to evaluate supplementation of diets with 8% corn
      oil, lard or tallow. In Exp. 1, 36 barrows weaned at 21 d of age were used to
      evaluate the effects of these three diets on digestibilities of fat and dry
      matter and subsequent N retentions from wk 1 to 4 postweaning. In Exp. 2, 147
      weanling pigs in six replicates were used to evaluate weekly growth and feed
      performance measurements when fed these same diets for a 4-wk postweaning period.
      A large quantity of fat was absorbed (P less than .01) during wk 1 postweaning by
      pigs fed the corn oil diet, with the quantity absorbed similar for the three
      sources of fat from wk 2 to 4. Diets with corn oil had a higher apparent fat
      digestibility than diets supplemented with lard or tallow during each week
      postweaning (P less than .05). Apparent digestibility of fat increased (P less
      than .01) for each fat source each week postweaning but appeared to reach a
      plateau by wk 3 postweaning. Differences in apparent digestibility of fat between
      fat sources narrowed from wk 1 to wk 4, with digestibility of corn oil increasing
      from 79 to 89% and of animal fat sources increasing from 67 to 84%. Apparent
      digestibility of dry matter tended (P less than .10) to be highest when corn oil
      was provided during the initial 2-wk postweaning period. Although N retention was
      highest during wk 1 postweaning when the corn oil was fed, this response was
      attributed to the higher feed intakes of pigs fed this diet.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3397362
TI  - Effects of dietary phosphorus, soil ingestion and dietary intake level on
      performance, phosphorus utilization and serum and alimentary tract mineral
      concentrations in lambs.
AB  - Two experiments were conducted with lambs fed concentrate-based diets to study
      the effects of dietary P and soil ingestion on performance, P utilization and
      mineral composition of serum and alimentary tract contents. In Exp. 1, 20 wether
      lambs were fed diets for 21 d in a 2 X 2 factorial arrangement of treatments with
      .2 or .3% total dietary P and O or 9% added Florida Ultisol (highly weathered
      soil with high P-fixation capacity) containing 4,600 and 6,400 mg/kg total Al and
      Fe, respectively. True P absorption increased (P less than .05) from 30 to 42%
      and from 37 to 54% when soil was added to the basal and high P diets,
      respectively. In Exp. 2, 24 wether lambs were assigned randomly to a 2 X 2 X 2
      factorial arrangement of treatments. Lambs were fed during a 70-d period using
      diets described previously on either a restricted or an ad libitum basis. Soil
      increased Fe concentration in ruminal fluid (P less than .05) and ash percentage
      (P less than .001) in ruminal solids and feces. Aluminum concentration in ruminal
      solids and feces and Fe in ruminal solids were increased (P less than .001) by
      soil addition, whereas concentrations of Ca, Mg, P, Zn, Cu and Mn in ruminal
      solids and feces were decreased (P less than .01) by soil addition. There were
      time X P interactions on serum inorganic P (P less than .01) and Mg (P less than
      .05) concentrations. Although high in P-fixing capacity, soil fed to lambs in
      these experiments improved P utilization. Lambs appeared to be able to adapt to
      changes in intake of dietary minerals in soil, possibly through adaptation of
      ruminal microflora or a redistribution of body mineral pools.

PMID- 3397363
TI  - Turnover of hepatic and plasma triacylglycerol in sheep.
AB  - Contributions of the intestine and liver to triacylglycerol (TG) formation from
      endogenous fatty acids were investigated in sheep. Cannulation and sampling of
      the intestinal lymph ducts and portal veins of two mature, nonpregnant ewes
      followed by an i.v. dose of 100 microCi of [14C]palmitate into a mesenteric
      cannula suggested intestinal contribution to endogenous TG production to be of no
      consequence. Turnover rates of TG within the plasma, hepatic microsomal and
      hepatic fat droplet compartments of four wethers averaged 20 +/- 8, 7.8 +/- 1.5
      and 2.3 +/- .8 mg.h-1.kg body weight-1, respectively. A large, relatively inert
      pool of fat droplets with a slow turnover contained between 80 and 90% of the
      total hepatic TG. Hepatic TG concentration and turnover rates within the hepatic
      microsomal and fat droplet pools were inversely (r = -.86) and positively (r =
      .99) correlated, respectively, indicating that hepatic secretion of TG as
      lipoprotein was decreased as hepatic TG concentration increased. The model
      developed from these figures suggest that 40% of the plasma TG turnover is of
      endogenous origin and that this percentage value decreases when hepatic TG
      content is increased.

PMID- 3397364
TI  - A computerized mechanical cell stimulator for tissue culture: effects on skeletal
      muscle organogenesis.
AB  - A tissue culture system has been developed which can mechanically stimulate cells
      growing on a highly elastic plastic substratum in a 24-well cell growth chamber.
      The collagen-coated substratum to which the cells attach and grow in the
      Mechanical Cell Stimulator (Model I) can be repetitively stretched and relaxed by
      stepper motor with linear accuracy of 30 microns. The activity controlling unit
      is an Apple IIe computer interfaced with the cell growth chamber via optical data
      links and is capable of simulating many of the mechanical activity patterns that
      cells are subjected to in vivo. Primary avian skeletal myoblasts proliferate and
      fuse into multinucleated myotubes in this set-up in a manner similar to normal
      tissue culture dishes. Under static culture conditions, the muscle cells
      differentiate into networks of myotubes which show little orientation. Growing
      the proliferating muscle cells on a unidirectional stretching substratum causes
      the developing myotubes to orient parallel to the direction of movement. In
      contrast, growing the cells on a substratum undergoing continuous stretch
      relaxation cycling orients the developing myotubes perpendicular to the direction
      of movement. Neither type of mechanical activity significantly affects the rate
      of cell proliferation or the rate of myoblast fusion into myotubes. These results
      indicate that during in vivo skeletal muscle organogenesis, when substantial
      mechanical stresses are placed on skeletal muscle cells by both continuous bone
      elongation and by spontaneous contractions, only bone elongation plays a
      significant role in proper fiber orientation for subsequent functional work.

PMID- 3397365
TI  - Three-dimensional organization of the extracellular matrix secreted by cultured
      rat smooth muscle cells.
AB  - Specific interactions between cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM) in which
      they are embedded play a vital role in tissue organization. In recent years, many
      of the individual components of the extracellular matrix have been isolated and
      their molecular structures elucidated, but the detailed topography of most
      extracellular matrices, as they are deposited by cells, is still largely unknown.
      In this study, the insoluble extracellular matrix produced by cultured rat
      vascular smooth muscle cells has been characterized morphologically using high
      resolution electron microscopy of rotary platinum replicas. These cells grew as
      flat sheets in culture, secreting their matrix laterally and basally. The matrix
      was composed of a cross-linked fibrillar meshwork. Some fine fibers (10 to 15 nm
      in diameter) were naked, but most of the filamentous mesh was covered with coarse
      granular material. Limited digestion with trypsin or pancreatic elastase removed
      most of this coating, indicating that the granules were glycoproteins and
      proteoglycans. Another subset of matrix fibrils (20 to 40 nm in diameter) was
      identified as type I collagen by direct comparison with purified bovine skin
      collagen. In addition to exposing the underlying filamentous substructure of the
      matrix, protease treatment also revealed large, straight fiber bundles and
      globules of amorphous material suspended in the filamentous web. This novel view
      of a complex matrix promises to provide spatial information that will be useful
      in future studies of cell interactions with the ECM.

PMID- 3397366
TI  - Regulation of growth and differentiation by vitamin A in a cloned fetal lung
      epithelial cell line cultured on collagen gel in hormone-supplemented medium.
AB  - Proliferative and differentiative responses to various doses of vitamin A (VA)
      were studied in the predifferentiated cells of a fetal Syrian hamster pulmonary
      epithelial line (M3E3/C3), which were cultured on a collagen gel in a hormone
      supplemented medium. These predifferentiated cells possessed well-developed
      endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi apparatus. At VA doses higher than 8
      micrograms/ml, periodic acid Schiff and slightly alcian blue positive mucuslike
      granules were produced, which were also detectable electron microscopically.
      These mucuslike products were rich in sialic acid and resembled quite well those
      from primary cultures of tracheal epithelial cells of Syrian hamster sucklings
      when analyzed by column chromatography on various types of gel. At all VA doses
      studied (2.4, 8, 24 micrograms/ml), cells grew exponentially with an average
      population doubling time of around 74 h, whereas in the absence of VA they had a
      linear growth rate and a population doubling time of 158 h between Days 4 and 11.
      The uptake of [3H]glucosamine into the whole cell homogenates showed a peak at
      Day 8, irrespective of VA doses (0 to 24 micrograms/ml), and at the highest VA
      dose (24 micrograms/ml) it exceeded by twofold the control (0 microgram/ml)
      level. At the same time, [14C]thymidine demonstrated a high peak of uptake on Day
      8 at 8 and 24 micrograms/ml VA. There was virtually no difference between 0 and
      2.4 micrograms/ml VA, with both doses yielding much lower peaks. Based on the
      results currently presented and previously reported, three successive stages were
      hypothesized for the mucous differentiation processes in M3E3/C3. The process
      from the first undifferentiated stage to the second predifferentiated stage with
      well-developed ER and Golgi apparatus requires both collagen gels and hormones.
      Differentiation from the second stage to the third secretory stage with mucous
      granules is stimulated by VA. These observations indicate that the cell line
      M3E3/C3 could provide a new system for investigating the mechanisms of mucus
      differentiation by VA.

PMID- 3397367
TI  - Inhibition of endothelial cell morphogenetic interactions in vitro by alpha- and
      beta-xylosides.
AB  - Bovine aortic endothelial cells retain the ability to undergo histiotypic
      morphogenetic interactions in vitro as evidenced by a) the reversible expression
      of a sprouting cell phenotype and b) the patterned self-association of these
      sprouting cells into three-dimensional meshworks and tubule-like structures.
      These morphogenetic events are inhibited by xylosides in a dose-dependent manner.
      Two types of beta-xylosides (p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside and 4
      methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside) and one alpha-xyloside (p-nitrophenyl
      alpha-D-xylopyranoside) were tested. beta-xylosides are well characterized
      acceptors of glycosaminoglycan chains, whereas alpha-xylosides do not function in
      this capacity and have been extensively used as negative controls when studying
      the effects of beta-xylosides. Both alpha- and beta-xylosides inhibited
      endothelial morphogenetic interactions. This inhibition was slowly reversed
      during the 6- to 7-d period following removal of the xyloside. Inhibition of
      morphogenetic interactions by xylosides occurred at concentrations (0.5 to 2.0
      mM) that had no demonstrable effects on cell proliferation, migration, or
      adhesion to 2-D plastic or collagen substrata. The xylosides seemed to inhibit
      cell spreading on a 3-D environment, they also inhibited the incorporation of
      [3H]-proline and Na2 35SO4 into the extracellular matrix deposited by the cells,
      suggesting that the inhibition of morphogenesis may be related to the inhibition
      of matrix deposition. Endothelial morphogenetic interactions were not inhibited
      by the extracellular matrix or by the conditioned medium produced by cells
      cultured in the presence of xylosides.

PMID- 3397368
TI  - Simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid and dehydroascorbic acid in cultures
      of C3H/10T1/2 cells.
AB  - A reproducible method is described for the separation and quantification of
      ascorbic acid and dehydroascorbic acid by ion-pairing reverse-phase high
      performance liquid chromatography and detection by absorbance at 232 nm. Lowest
      detectable concentrations with a linear response of detection were 5 nmol for
      ascorbic acid and 50 nmol for dehydroascorbic acid. This method was applied to
      the analysis of C3H/10T1/2 cells and culture medium after influx or efflux
      experiments and single or multiple treatments with ascorbic acid. Subsequent
      measurement of the radioactivity in the eluted fractions increased the
      detectability of both ascorbic acid and dehydroascorbic acid to 10 to 20 pmol.

PMID- 3397369
TI  - Influence of two glutamine-containing dipeptides on growth of mammalian cells.
AB  - The instability of the amino acid glutamine prompted us to investigate substitute
      compounds appropriate for culture conditions. The effect of two glutamine
      containing dipeptides, alanylglutamine (Ala-Gln) and glycylglutamine (Gly-Gln),
      on the growth behavior of a hematopoietic cell line in culture (K562) was
      investigated. Growth rates and [3H]thymidine incorporation rates of cells
      cultivated in sterile-filtrated media, containing glutamine (Gln) or Ala-Gln or
      Gly-Gln, were not statistically different. Although heart-sterilization of media
      containing Gln caused approximately 95% decomposition of the Gln, both dipeptides
      remained unaltered. Consequently, cell growth was drastically decreased when
      autoclaved free Gln-containing media were used, but growth was unaffected in the
      presence of autoclaved dipeptides. Both Ala-Gln and Gly-Gln have an advantage
      over free Gln as growth factors for cell culture due to the stability of the
      dipeptides during both autoclaving and storage; the biological activity, however,
      is comparable.

PMID- 3397371
TI  - Logistics of automated plasma collection.
AB  - Plasmapheresis is widely carried out to produce plasma for fractionation.
      Production of Factor VIII and albumin, two proteins in plasma, drives the plasma
      industry. The Canadian Red Cross would like to achieve national self-sufficiency
      in plasma production to meet the rising demands for these proteins in the next 4
      years. In order to achieve this goal we must make efficient use of our automated
      plasmapheresis machines and available human resources to produce a cost-effective
      plasma product. An assessment was undertaken at the Ottawa Centre to evaluate the
      number of procedures which could be performed on each machine per day and the
      staff required to operate these machines safely and efficiently. Donor
      availability, reliability and reasons for donating plasma were recorded to
      determine if our population could support such an escalated programme.
      Donor/staff interest and acceptance of automated equipment was determined. The
      results showed that four automated plasmapheresis devices could be operated by
      one nurse and one clinic assistant processing 32 donors a day with an average
      time of 27 min required for a 500-ml donation of plasma. The donor population was
      available and extremely interested; however, the logistics of scheduling proved
      to be an area for concern requiring special attention.

PMID- 3397370
TI  - Electron microscopic studies of the endocytotic process of cationized ferritin in
      cultured human retinal pigment epithelial cells.
AB  - The endocytotic process in cultured human RPE cells was observed after 1 min, 20
      min, and 2 h incubation with cationized ferritin. Within 1 min the ferritin
      particles were seen to attach to the cell membrane, especially between
      microvilli. Uncoated and coated pits could be recognized on the cell membranes,
      and uncoated and coated endocytotic vesicles were found in the cytoplasm after 20
      min of incubation. These vesicles were surrounded by abundant microfilaments and
      had no visible membranes. Loss of membrane may be an initial step in the process
      of developing into the irregular clumps of ferritin particles found inside the
      plasma membrane. With time, more irregular clumps of ferritin, smaller than the
      particles introduced during incubation, appeared just beneath the cell membrane.
      Lysosomes were adjacent to the clumps of ferritin particles associated with
      microtubules and finally degraded these particles. The phagolysosomes containing
      many particles were surrounded by many microtubules. Small ferritin particles
      surrounded but had not entered the rough endoplasmic reticulums, and no particles
      were seen either around or in the Golgi apparatus.

PMID- 3397373
TI  - Proceedings of the American Society for Apheresis: eighth annual apheresis
      symposium. April 2-4, 1987, St. Louis, Missouri.

PMID- 3397374
TI  - Nursing considerations in the clinical management of patients undergoing
      selective removal of LDL using secondary membrane filtration.

PMID- 3397372
TI  - Technical aspects of lymphokine-activated killer cell production.
AB  - Adoptive immunotherapy is a novel approach to treating patients with cancer,
      utilizing as therapy a patient's own peripheral blood lymphocytes that have been
      activated by incubation with interleukin-2 (IL-2). These cells develop the
      ability to mediate tumor regression in vivo and are referred to as lymphokine
      activated killer (LAK) cells. The production of LAK cells is a complex and labor
      intensive process. Lymphocytes are collected by continuous-flow centrifugation,
      purified on Ficoll-Hypaque (FH) density gradients, incubated in vitro with IL-2,
      and then harvested for infusion into the patient. An automated approach to LAK
      cell generation has been developed using the Fenwal CS-3000 cell separator and
      polyolefin PL-732 blood storage bags. Lymphocyte concentrates (LC) containing 6.5
      x 10(9) mononuclear cells per pack were obtained using standard leukapheresis
      techniques. Disposable apheresis kits were then modified to allow the LC to be
      pumped into the separation chamber along with a counter-centrifugal flow of
      saline, removing the platelets and plasma by elutriation. The remaining cells
      were underlaid with FH, displacing the lymphocytes into a collection bag, where
      they were washed and concentrated. Mean leukocyte recovery was 59.2% (99.9%
      lymphocytes, n = 14). The final product contained 6.7% of the initial platelets
      and had a hematocrit of less than 1%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3397375
TI  - Haemonetics plasma collection system (PCS): automated collection of platelet-poor
      or platelet-rich plasma.
AB  - The PCS is an automated centrifugal system designed for rapid collection of
      platelet poor plasma (PPP) for source or fresh frozen uses, or platelet
      concentrate and PPP. The microprocessor-controlled system increases plasma
      collection efficiency through improved plasma yields, increased donor safety, and
      operation of multiple machines per operator. 600 ml of plasma can be collected in
      an average of 35 minutes per procedure with greater than 50,000 collections by
      U.S. commercial organizations. PCS plasma yields 10% greater Factor VIII recovery
      through fractionation when compared to manually-collected plasma based upon
      multiple studies throughout the world. Collection of PRP is an efficient,
      reliable, safe, and cost-effective method for processing plasma and the only
      system available for combined platelet and plasma procurement.

PMID- 3397376
TI  - Clinical uses of intravenous immune globulin: immunoglobulin replacement therapy
      and treatment of autoimmune cytopenias.
AB  - Intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) is indicated for IgG replacement in antibody
      deficiency syndromes and as immunoregulatory therapy in some autoimmune diseases.
      Two case histories illustrate both aspects of IVIG therapy. 1. Patient 1 is a 24
      year-old male with agammaglobulinemia. He was successively treated with monthly
      IMIG, paternal plasma, and then over the last 5 years, IVIG. On IgG doses of 250
      mg/kg q/4 weeks, IgG trough levels remained below 200 mg IgG/dl. IgG half-life
      was reduced. Although asymptomatic for prolonged periods of time, he eventually
      developed clinically evident inflammatory bowel disease. Optimal IVIG replacement
      therapy requires normal IgG half-life and adequate IgG trough levels. 2. Patient
      2 is a 12-year-old girl with autoimmune neutropenia, recurrent skin infections,
      and ileitis unresponsive to antibiotics and to steroid therapy. IVIG at a dose of
      3,000 mg/IgG/kg over 3 days significantly increased her neutrophil count.
      Subsequently, she has required 1,000 mg/kg of IVIG q/4 weeks for maintenance.
      Antineutrophil autoantibodies have persisted. There is synergism of IVIG with
      high doses of corticosteroids. The mechanism of action of IVIG seems to involve a
      blockage of the RES system. IVIG therapy is safe even at high doses for most
      patients. However, anaphylactic reactions have been observed in IgA-deficient
      patients with IgE anti-IgA antibodies. The full spectrum of therapeutic
      applications of IVIG is still being explored. For some patients self-infusion of
      IVIG at home is an appealing treatment alternative.

PMID- 3397377
TI  - Albumin adsorption on alkyl chain derivatized polyurethanes: I. The effect of C
      18 alkylation.
AB  - The initial adsorption rate of delipidized Human Serum Albumin (HSA) is increased
      by addition of C-18 alkyl chains to a polyurethane. The presence of alkyl chains
      does not appear to influence the total amount of HSA adsorbed after one hour
      exposure to a 5.0 mg/mL HSA solution. Neither does the desorption following one
      hour of adsorption appear to be influenced by the presence of alkyl chains. A
      study of the effects of solution concentration and temperature showed that the
      initial adsorption rates on both polymers are proportional to the protein
      concentration raised to the 0.36 power, and that alkylation of the polymer
      increases the activation energy of the initial adsorption rate above the 14
      kJ/mol observed for the underivatized polyurethane. A new technique is presented
      to quantify the mass of adsorbed protein using Fourier transform infrared
      spectroscopy and attenuated total reflection optics. This technique uses the
      absorbance of bulk protein as an internal calibration reference, and appears to
      be as accurate and perhaps more precise than radiolabeling techniques.

PMID- 3397378
TI  - Cell adhesion to a series of hydrophilic-hydrophobic copolymers studied with a
      spinning disc apparatus.
AB  - Adhesion of cells to substrates strongly influences many of their functions and
      therefore plays an important role in a variety of processes, including growth,
      phagocytosis, hemostasis, and the response of tissue to implanted materials. In
      previous studies, the influence of substrate hydrophilicity on cell adhesion has
      not been separated from effects due to major differences in other properties of
      the substrate, such as charge, rigidity, and the specific chemical composition of
      the materials. In addition, very few careful studies of the force required for
      cell detachment from various substrates have been performed. In this study, 3T3
      cell detachment from a chemically homologous series of copolymers based on
      hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA) and ethylmethacrylate (EMA) was measured with a
      spinning-disc apparatus. The spinning-disc technique allowed measurements of cell
      detachment over a wide range of applied shear stress on each sample. Cell
      detachment did not occur until a critical value of shear stress was exceeded. The
      critical shear stress of detachment decreased linearly with increasing HEMA
      content, from 18 dynes/cm2 on poly-EMA to 0 on the polymers containing 83% or
      more HEMA. "Plating efficiency," calculated as the fraction of cells initially
      applied which remained after dip rinsing the surfaces, did not vary significantly
      among most of the copolymers. Dip rinsing, however, exposes the cells to only
      one, relatively low shear stress (estimated to be somewhat less than 3
      dynes/cm2). The existence of a critical shear stress for 3T3 cell detachment
      suggests that cell adhesion to surfaces cannot be fully understood with single
      shear stress methods because cells may attach with a wide range of strengths
      which are either all above or all below the applied shear stress. The influence
      of surface hydrophilicity on cell adhesion and the variety of forces which may
      contribute to this phenomenon are discussed.

PMID- 3397379
TI  - Preparation and properties of a biomaterial: HEMA grafted SBS by gamma-ray
      irradiation.
AB  - Solvent-cast films of styrene-butadiene-styrene triblock copolymer (SBS) were
      synthesized and a poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) layer was grafted
      onto these films using Co 60 gamma-ray irradiation. The IR absorption spectrum of
      the graft copolymer was taken and its surface morphology studied by a scanning
      electron microscope. The degree of grafting and the mechanical properties of SBS,
      SBS-g-HEMA, and PHEMA were measured. In order to study its biocompatibility,
      contact angle and blood clotting time experiments were performed. The degree of
      grafting was related to the soaking time, film thickness and total irradiation
      dosage. However, it levelled off at 7% when the total dosage reached 1 Mrad. It
      was found that the mechanical properties of SBS-g-HEMA were the same as those of
      SBS and were superior to those of PHEMA. The blood compatibility of SBS-g-HEMA as
      measured by the Lee-White clotting test was better than that of SBS and
      polystyrene and was quite similar to that of PHEMA.

PMID- 3397380
TI  - Immobilization of enzymes on polypropylene bead surfaces by anhydrous ammonia
      gaseous plasma technique.
AB  - Anhydrous ammonia gaseous plasma technique was used for the surface modification
      of polypropylene beads. Amino groups were added onto the surfaces of beads by
      exposing them to ammonia plasma. Through these amino groups covalent
      immobilization of glucose oxidase and peroxidase were carried out. The total
      amounts of immobilized glucose oxidase and immobilized peroxidase were found to
      be 52 and 43 micrograms/cm2, respectively. To assess the stability of enzyme
      polypropylene linkage, beads with covalently immobilized glucose oxidase and
      peroxidase were washed with phosphate buffer. It was found that after the removal
      of the adsorbed enzymes, the concentration of covalently immobilized enzymes
      tended to reach a steady state. After additional washing with buffer for 5 to 6
      h, 40-55% of the immobilized enzymes were found to be in the active form.

PMID- 3397382
TI  - 37th Congress of the European Society for Cardiovascular Surgery. August 3-6,
      1988, Helsinki, Finland. Abstracts.

PMID- 3397381
TI  - Biocompatibility of six elastomers in vitro.
AB  - The biocompatibility of two silicone rubbers, Silastic and Dow Corning Elastomer,
      and of a polyether and a polyester urethane, a polyether polyester copolymer, and
      polypropylene oxide was assessed in vitro. These elastomers were selected for
      assessment as a possible alloplastic tympanic membrane. For these studies use was
      made of rat middle ear mucosa explants and serially cultured epithelium. The
      quantitative results were based on epithelial growth curves, the morphological
      picture was based on the findings in epithelium, and the aging of a biomaterial
      was simulated. Epithelium morphology was investigated by scanning and
      transmission electron microscopy and x-ray microanalysis. Quantitative results
      showed that on Dow Corning Elastomer and polypropylene oxide, cell proliferation
      was significantly lower compared to normal growth curves. The morphological
      findings were negative for polypropylene oxide, and did not discriminate between
      the other biomaterials under study. The simulation results indicated better
      biocompatibility for the polyurethanes and the polyether polyester copolymer
      compared with that of polypropylene oxide and both silicone rubbers. Under the
      simulation conditions, cells exposed to Silastic showed silicon-containing
      inclusions. These in vitro results suggest that the biocompatibility of the
      polyurethanes and the polyether polyester copolymer is better than that of both
      silicone rubbers and polypropylene oxide.

PMID- 3397383
TI  - Effects of human neutrophil chemotaxis across human endothelial cell monolayers
      on the permeability of these monolayers to ions and macromolecules.
AB  - We have developed a method for studying the permeability properties of human
      endothelia in vitro. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were cultured
      on a substrate of human amnion. Confluent monolayers of these cells demonstrated
      6-12 delta.cm2 of electrical resistance (a measure of their permeability to ions)
      and restricted the transendothelial passage of albumin from their apical to their
      basal surface. To determine whether leukocyte emigration alters endothelial
      permeability in this model, we examined the effects of migrating human
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) on these two parameters. Few PMN migrated
      across the HUVEC monolayers in the absence of chemoattractants. In response to
      chemoattractants, PMN migration through HUVEC monolayers was virtually complete
      within 10 minutes and occurred at random locations throughout the monolayer. PMN
      migrated across the monolayer via the paracellular pathway. Although one PMN
      migrated across the monolayer for each HUVEC, PMN migration induced no change in
      electrical resistance or albumin permeability of these monolayers. At this
      PMN:HUVEC ratio, these permeability findings were correlated morphologically to
      measurements that HUVEC paracellular pathway size increases by less than 0.22%
      with PMN migration. This increase is insufficient to effect a measurable change
      in the electrical resistance of the endothelial cell monolayer. These findings
      demonstrate that increased permeability of cultured endothelial cell monolayers
      is not a necessary consequence of PMN emigration.

PMID- 3397384
TI  - Acetyl-LDL stimulates macrophage-dependent plasminogen activation and degradation
      of extracellular matrix.
AB  - The ability of acetyl-LDL to stimulate macrophage-dependent plasminogen
      activation and degradation of extracellular matrix was examined. We have found
      that expression of plasminogen activator activity in response to the scavenger
      receptor ligand varied among cell populations. Exposure to acetyl-LDL stimulated
      plasminogen activator expression by cells which constitutively released low
      levels of activator. These include a virally transformed macrophage-like cell
      line (RAW246.7), concanavalin A and C. parvum-activated macrophages. The
      stimulation of plasminogen activator activity was independent of cellular lipid
      accumulation since nonlipoprotein inhibitors of acetyl-LDL binding to the
      scavenger receptor stimulated activator expression in great excess to that
      observed with acetyl-LDL. In contrast, acetyl-LDL was unable to induce soluble
      plasminogen activator activity in cells which normally do not express it. These
      include a macrophage-like cell line (J774A.1) and resident peritoneal
      macrophages. Furthermore, acetyl-LDL was unable to modulate the copious secretion
      of activator by inflammatory macrophages elicited with thioglycolate. When
      macrophages were tested for their ability to degrade smooth muscle cell derived
      matrix, solubilization by resident, elicited, and activated cells was variously
      increased in the presence of plasminogen. Furthermore, exposure to acetyl-LDL
      enhanced plasmin-dependent degradation by resident cells and activated cells,
      whereas matrix degradation by elicited cells was unaffected.

PMID- 3397385
TI  - A function that relates protein synthetic rates to potassium activity in vivo.
AB  - A newly developed experimental system allows the controlled alteration of
      intracellular K+ activity (aK) and the measurement of amino acid incorporation
      rates in a single cell, the Xenopus oocyte. We found that as aK is increased by
      microinjecting a K+ salt, [3H]leucine incorporation (R) varies over a 100-fold
      range, first stimulated and then inhibited as it passes through four response
      regions (A-D). In region A (aK approximately 60-100 mM), R is at a nongrowth or
      maintenance level and is stimulated weakly by increasing aK. In region B (aK
      approximately 100-130 mM), R is stimulated intensely by increasing aK, roughly
      tripling with every 10 mM increase. In region C (aK approximately 130-160 mM), R
      is inhibited intensely by increasing aK. Finally, in region D (aK greater than
      160 mM), R is inhibited weakly as aK increases. Collectively, the four response
      regions constitute the oocyte's R/aK response function. The function provides a
      comprehensive description of how K+ activity influences the rate of protein
      synthesis in an intact cell. In the subsequent discussion, we compared the oocyte
      response function with the K+ response determined in cell-free translational
      systems. While in vivo and in vitro functions are similar, differences exist that
      may be important in a cellular control system. We then considered the relevance
      of the oocyte R/aK response function to "normal" processes in the oocyte and in
      somatic cells, i.e., those in which aK is varied by physiological changes in the
      plasma membrane. We concluded that the intensely stimulatory region B is
      importantly involved in hormonal action and other growth-activating processes and
      that the entire R/aK response function may play a role in control of protein
      synthesis during the cell cycle.

PMID- 3397386
TI  - Hypertonic sucrose inhibition of endocytic transport suggests multiple early
      endocytic compartments.
AB  - Incubation of animal cells with hypertonic sucrose and polyethylene glycol (PEG)
      1,000 renders endosomes sensitive in situ to hypotonic shock (Okada and
      Rechsteiner, 1982). We found that: 1) in vitro endosomes were osmotically
      insensitive; and 2) hypertonic sucrose inhibited transport from very early
      endosomes to lysosomes. Endocytic vesicles were labeled by incubating Chinese
      hamster ovary (CHO) cells for 1-10 min at 37 degrees C with horseradish
      peroxidase (HRP) and/or fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated dextran (FITC
      dextran). Cell fractions prepared in 0.25 M sucrose were hypotonically shocked by
      dilution with 5 mM Na phosphate buffer, pH 6.7, to a final sucrose concentration
      of 0.05 M. After hypotonic shock, endocytized HRP and FITC-dextran pelleted with
      membrane while lysosomal hydrolases did not. The HRP activity in the pellet was
      latent, suggesting that endosomes were resistant to osmotic shock. Uptake in the
      presence of hypertonic sucrose had little effect on the subsequent osmotic
      sensitivity of the endosomes. Uptake in the presence of hypertonic sucrose and
      PEG 1,000 rendered endosomes fragile to cell homogenization. Unexpectedly, the
      inclusion of hypertonic sucrose in the uptake and chase media inhibited the
      appearance of HRP in lysosomes. HRP internalized during a 10-min uptake appeared
      as if it were present in two physically distinct compartments, one accessible to
      transport inhibition by exogenous sucrose ("very early" endosomes) and the other
      not ("early" endosomes). After a brief uptake (1-3 min), postincubation of CHO
      cells in 0.25 M sucrose-containing media completely blocked transport of
      internalized HRP to lysosomes. This blockage could be partially relieved by
      cointernalization of invertase with HRP. These results suggest that transport
      between multiple early endosome populations is sensitive to intraorganellar
      osmotic conditions.

PMID- 3397388
TI  - Studies on the mechanism of zinc uptake by human fibroblasts.
AB  - The mechanisms of zinc uptake from a complete culture medium by human fibroblasts
      have been studied. The metal is accumulated in a biphasic pattern; an initial
      rapid phase followed by a slower linear phase. We suggest that the former
      represents binding to carriers or receptors on the cell surface followed by
      uptake to within the cell, or at least to a compartment inaccessible to
      proteolytic digestion. The uptake correlates well with estimates of the zinc
      requirement of a growing fibroblast. The process of uptake is saturable, with an
      apparent association constant of 1.1 X 10(7) M-1. Interestingly, there appears to
      be a very large number of binding sites, 2 X 10(7) per cell. No explanation for
      this observation is immediately apparent. The mechanism of uptake is not
      dependent on metabolic energy, or at least on ATP levels within the cell, but N
      ethyl maleimide does block uptake in a dose-dependent manner. Weak bases and
      ionophores, apart from nigericin, do not affect uptake. The results suggest that
      zinc is not taken up by a receptor-mediated endocytic pathway as has been
      described for transferrin and iron.

PMID- 3397387
TI  - Preparation of basolateral membranes that transport p-aminohippurate from primary
      cultures of rabbit kidney proximal tubule cells.
AB  - The organic anion p-aminohippurate (PAH) is specifically secreted by the renal
      proximal tubule. The possibility was examined that the probenecid sensitive PAH
      transport system (which is involved in this secretory process in renal proximal
      tubule cells in vivo) is retained in primary cultures of rabbit kidney proximal
      tubule cells. Significant 3H-PAH uptake into primary cultures of proximal tubule
      cells was observed. After 10 min, 150 pmole PAH/mg protein had accumulated
      intracellularly. Given an intracellular fluid volume of 10 microliter/mg protein,
      the intracellular PAH concentration was estimated to be 15 microM. The initial
      rate of PAH uptake (when 50 microM PAH was in the uptake buffer) was inhibited
      50% by 2 mM probenecid. Intact monolayers also exhibited Na+-dependent alpha
      methyl-D-glucoside uptake (an apical marker). Basolateral membranes were purified
      from primary rabbit kidney proximal tubule cell cultures. Probenecid sensitive
      PAH uptake into the membrane vesicles derived from the primary cultures was
      observed. The rate of PAH uptake was equivalent to that obtained with vesicles
      obtained from the rabbit renal cortex. No significant Na+-dependent D-glucose
      uptake into the vesicles was observed, indicating that primarily basolateral
      membrane vesicles had indeed been obtained.

PMID- 3397389
TI  - Hemopoietic precursor cell defects in nonanemic but stem cell-deficient W44/W44
      mice.
AB  - Hematopoietic stem cell deficiencies cause a severe macrocytic anemia in W/Wv
      mice. W44/W44 mice, on the other hand, are not anemic, but, since they accept
      marrow implants without prior total body irradiation, they have inherited a stem
      cell lesion. In an attempt to identify the aberrant stem cell(s), we have
      determined the concentration in W44/W44 marrow of hematopoietic precursors known
      to be deficient in W/Wv marrow. The in vitro erythroid burst-forming units (BFU
      E), the in vivo spleen colony-forming units (CFU-S), and the cells that
      repopulate the erythroid compartment of stem cell-deficient mice were examined.
      The progenitors of 7-day bursts are dramatically reduced in W/Wv marrow but are
      present in normal concentrations in W44/W44 marrow. W44/W44 marrow CFU-S, unlike
      W/Wv, generate visible spleen colonies 10 days after injection into lethally
      irradiated recipients. The colonies are, however, smaller and at least 2 times
      less numerous than those produced from equivalent numbers of +/+ marrow. An
      additional defect was the inability of W44/W44 stem cells to compete with
      genetically marked +/+ cells during erythroid repopulation. An estimate of the
      number of W44/W44 stem cells needed to compete with +/+ cells was provided by
      enriching W44/W44 progenitors fivefold. Twice as many enriched W44/W44 marrow
      cells as unfractionated +/+ cells were required to replace competitor cells. This
      suggests that there are up to 10 times fewer stem cells somewhere in the W44/W44
      erythrogenerative pathway. The data support the conclusion that an erythroid
      progenitor less mature than the BFU-E is one of the cells most severely affected
      by expression of the mutant gene.

PMID- 3397390
TI  - Interaction of rat asialotransferrin with adult rat hepatocytes: its relevance
      for iron uptake and protein degradation.
AB  - Comparative studies with rat transferrin (rTf) and asialotransferrin (asialo-rTf)
      were performed on suspended adult rat hepatocytes with the aim of elucidating the
      mechanism of enhanced hepatic Fe acquisition from asialo-rTf observed previously
      in vivo. At low ligand concentrations (0.05-20 micrograms/ml), the cells bound
      more asialo-rTf than rTf. However, the excess binding was abolished by incubation
      either in the presence of 1.55 mg/ml of diferric rTf or of 1 mg/ml of
      asialomucin. Following either treatment, asialo-rTf and rTf were bound to
      comparable extents. These findings indicate that both transferrin receptors and
      the hepatic galactose recognition system (lectin) are essential for preferential
      binding of asialo-rTf by hepatocytes. The possibility is considered that the
      lectin facilitates capture of asialo-rTf by the same binding sites that are
      normally available for rTf rather than that it functions as an alternative
      pathway. In agreement with this view, asialo-rTf could not be channeled into the
      lectin-mediated degradative pathway by blocking Tf receptors with human Tf.
      Enhanced Fe uptake from asialo-rTf was fully prevented by asialomucin and
      partially prevented by human Tf. The incomplete efficacy of human Tf in this
      regard supports reports in the literature about Fe uptake by the liver in a
      manner that is independent of Tf receptors. Rhesus asialo-Tf was deployed to show
      that no recognition mechanism exists for heterologous asialo-Tf in rat
      hepatocytes. The importance of using undenatured labeled proteins for studies
      with cells is demonstrated.

PMID- 3397392
TI  - Methylglyoxal-bis(guanylhydrazone)-resistant Chinese hamster ovary cells: genetic
      evidence that more than a single locus controls uptake.
AB  - Chinese hamster ovary cells spontaneously resistant to the cytotoxic action of
      methylglyoxal-bis(guanylhydrazone) have been isolated in a multistep selection
      scheme. A low-level resistant isolate has been shown to be defective in the
      ability to accumulate the drug intracellularly. This was reflected in a 10-fold
      lower Vmax than wild-type cells for drug uptake as well as a slight enhancement
      of drug efflux. More highly resistant isolates selected from this low-level
      resistant isolate were totally deficient in the ability to take up the drug. A
      partial revertant, selected from this low-level resistant isolate, retained some
      change in the Vmax for uptake but lost the accelerated rate of efflux
      characteristic of the low-level resistant line. Genetic analysis by somatic cell
      hybridization indicated that the low-level resistant phenotype was recessive to
      the wild-type phenotype. In addition, the low-level resistant phenotype could be
      complemented by a previously isolated highly resistant cell also defective in
      drug uptake (Mandel and Flintoff (1978) J. Cell. Physiol., 97: 335-344). Taken
      together, these data suggest that more than one locus controls drug uptake in
      Chinese hamster ovary cells.

PMID- 3397391
TI  - Role of idle ribosomes in the response of Chinese hamster ovary cells to
      depletion of histidyl-tRNA.
AB  - In Chinese hamster ovary cells, histidine starvation and inactivation of histidyl
      tRNA synthetase by mutations or histidinol result in stimulation of protein
      breakdown. We have previously shown that the regulatory mechanism recognizes the
      level of aminoacylation of tRNA(His). We now report that it is also sensitive to
      the functional state of the ribosomes. Cycloheximide, an inhibitor of peptidyl
      tRNA translocation, decreases the sensitivity of the regulation. In the presence
      of 1.5 micrograms cycloheximide/ml, protein synthesis is inhibited to 6% of
      control; a full response can still be elicited by appropriate concentrations of
      histidinol, but it requires a more extensive depletion of histidyl-tRNA than in
      the absence of cycloheximide. The response is attained only when the depletion is
      sufficient to inhibit protein synthesis further and to increase the number of
      ribosomes idling in the histidine codon with an empty aminoacyl site, measured by
      their reactivity in vivo to low concentrations of puromycin. The results indicate
      that a simple depletion of his-tRNA is not sufficient to elicit the response and
      suggest that idle ribosomes are required for regulation.

PMID- 3397394
TI  - The effects of in vitro age and culture state on histone variant synthesis in
      human diploid fibroblasts.
AB  - Histone variant synthesis patterns from human diploid fibroblast-like cells of
      different in vitro ages were determined during exponential growth, at confluence,
      and during low serum arrest. The results are reported as the ratios of H2A
      variant synthesis (H2A.1 and H2A.2/H2A.x and H2A.z) and H3 variant synthesis
      (H3.1 and H3.2/H3.3) that have been used to characterize individual cell cycle
      states. Hydroxyurea was employed in some experiments to reduce S phase cells. The
      results indicate that high population doubling level (PDL) cells move through the
      G1 phase of the division cycle during exponential growth and exist in the G0 cell
      cycle state at confluence and during low serum arrest. Low PDL cells, however,
      exist in the G1 cell cycle state at confluence and revert to a G0 state only
      after maintenance as quiescent populations. This would suggest that when
      stimulated high PDL cells cannot enter into S phase, they revert to a GO cell
      cycle state.

PMID- 3397396
TI  - Tendon transfers.

PMID- 3397395
TI  - Bone marrow stromal proteoglycan heterogeneity: phenotypic variability between
      cell lines and the effects of glucocorticoid.
AB  - Hematopoiesis in vivo is dependent upon the interaction of hematopoietic stem
      cells with a complex microenvironment, of which stromal proteoglycans are an
      important functional component. Certain bone marrow stromal cell lines provide a
      microenvironment that supports hematopoiesis in vitro, a function that is
      dependent upon glucocorticoid supplementation. Proteoglycan synthesis in the
      hematopoietic-supportive D2XRII, Bl6 and 14F1 bone marrow stromal cell lines was
      studied by 35S-sulfate precursor labelling and ion-exchange separation, followed
      by isopyknic CsCl density centrifugation and gel filtration HPLC. The effects of
      glucocorticoid were also investigated. A similar pattern of proteoglycan
      heterogeneity was observed in all three cell lines, although there was
      considerable quantitative variation. All cultures synthesized three species of
      chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) proteoglycans: DS1, excluded from a Bio-Sil
      TSK-400 HPLC column, and DS2, eluting at Kd = 0.31, were present mainly in the
      culture media. The smallest (DS3) eluted at Kd = 0.63 and was present mainly in
      the cell layers. CS/DS species were the major proteoglycans in all cultures.
      Hydrocortisone-free cultures also synthesized heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycans,
      including a cell-associated form (HS1), partially excluded from the TSK-400
      column, and a secretory form (HS2), eluting at Kd = 0.15. D2XRII cells also
      secreted an apparently-unique, high-density proteoglycan, Kd = 0.65, into the
      culture medium. Hydrocortisone at 10(-6) M virtually abolished HS proteoglycan
      synthesis in all three cell lines, and altered the pattern of CS/DS proteoglycans
      in the culture media, increasing the quantity of DS1 and DS3, and reducing the
      quantity of DS2.

PMID- 3397393
TI  - Intracellular acidification inhibits the proliferative response in BALB/c-3T3
      cells.
AB  - One of the earliest events to occur upon the addition of serum to quiescent cells
      is an increase in the intracellular pH (pHin). The relationship between this pH
      change and proliferation is not known. In the present study, we investigate the
      consequences of acidifying the cytosol using the weak acid, 5', 5"-dimethyl
      oxazolidine 2,4-dione (DMO). At a concentration of 50 mM, DMO inhibits the serum
      induced increases in pHin, DNA synthesis, and cell number. This concentration of
      DMO is shown not to inhibit the steady-state rate of mitochondrial respiration
      and not to inhibit DNA synthesis in a pH-independent fashion. The effects of DMO
      treatments are also shown to be reversible, indicating that this compound is not
      cytotoxic. These observations indicate that DMO inhibits cell proliferation by
      lowering intracellular pH. One important event that must occur prior to the
      initiation of DNA synthesis is an elevated rate of protein synthesis. The rate of
      protein synthesis in situ is extremely pH sensitive. Addition of 50 mM DMO to
      serum-stimulated cultures reduces the rate of leucine incorporation to
      unstimulated levels. These observations suggest that cytoplasmic acidification
      may inhibit proliferation through its effects on protein synthesis.

PMID- 3397397
TI  - Tendon transfers in muscle and tendon loss.
AB  - Tendon transfers in muscle and tendon loss offer some of the most gratifying
      results to both patient and surgeon. Poor results do occur at times in tendon
      transfer. When patients whose results were found to be less than expected were
      studied, the following problems were identified: 1. Acceptance of less than full
      passive range of motion before transfer. In some instances, this will be
      unavoidable. The use of pretransfer hand therapy techniques may improve the
      situation; or, if possible, pretransfer capsulotomies may better prepare the
      patient for the tendon transfer. 2. Adhesions along the course of the transfer.
      At times the transfer route can be better prepared by the use of skin grafts
      adding subcutaneous tissue to the transfer bed. The use of a staged technique in
      which a silicone rubber tendon implant is installed along the transfer route, to
      prepare for a later transfer, is occasionally indicated. 3. Technical failures:
      a. juncture breakdown, b. transfer put in under too little tension. 4. Patient
      noncompliance. A recent experience in which a patient removed his postoperative
      cast and came in 2 weeks later with his transfer disrupted is an extreme example.
      Many other patients are not prepared to undertake what may be a rigorous and time
      consuming postoperative transfer program. Adequate preoperative evaluation,
      including patient selection as well as careful attention to the details of the
      procedure during surgery, along with attentive postoperative care, should
      eliminate most of these problems.

PMID- 3397398
TI  - Functioning microsurgical muscle transfer.
AB  - With the aid of microneurovascular anastomoses, functioning muscle may be
      transferred to damaged extremities to provide useful function. The gracilis
      muscle has been particularly useful for the reconstruction of finger flexion or
      finger extension.

PMID- 3397399
TI  - Major 56,000-dalton, soluble phosphoprotein present in bovine sperm is the
      regulatory subunit of a type II cAMP-dependent protein kinase.
AB  - It has been shown that cAMP-dependent phosphorylation of a soluble sperm protein
      is important for the initiation of flagellar motion. The suggestion has been made
      that this motility initiation protein, named axokinin, is the major 56,000-dalton
      phosphoprotein present in both dog sperm and in other cells containing axokinin
      like activity. Since the regulatory subunit of a type II cAMP-dependent protein
      kinase is a ubiquitous cAMP-dependent phosphoprotein of similar subunit molecular
      weight as reported for axokinin, we have addressed the question of how many
      soluble 56,000-dalton cAMP-dependent phosphoproteins are present in mammalian
      sperm. We report that in bovine sperm cytosol, the ratio of the type I to type II
      cAMP-dependent protein kinase is approximately 1:1. The type II regulatory
      subunit is related to the non-neural form of the enzyme and undergoes a
      phosphorylation-dependent electrophoretic mobility shift. The apparent subunit
      molecular weights of the phospho and dephospho forms are 56,000 and 54,000
      daltons, respectively. When bovine sperm cytosol or detergent extracts are
      phosphorylated in the presence of catalytic subunits, two major proteins are
      phosphorylated and have subunit molecular weights of 56,000 and 40,000 daltons.
      If, however, the type II regulatory subunit (RII) is quantitatively removed from
      these extracts using either immobilized cAMP or an anti-RII monoclonal affinity
      column, the ability to phosphorylate the 56,000- but not 40,000-dalton
      polypeptide is lost. These data suggest that the major 56,000 dalton cAMP
      dependent phosphoprotein present in bovine sperm is the regulatory subunit of a
      type II cAMP-dependent protein kinase and not the motility initiator protein,
      axokinin.

PMID- 3397401
TI  - A simple planimetric method to quantify cytotoxicity in cell culture monolayers.
AB  - Planimetry was shown to be a rapid, simple and reproducible method to quantify
      gross cytotoxicity in cell culture monolayers. A shellfish extract prepared from
      blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) was cytotoxic to Buffalo green monkey kidney cells.
      Exposure of cells to mussel extracts for 1, 2 and greater than or equal to 4 h
      followed by agar (plaque assay) overlays produced 34, 87, and 100% destruction of
      the monolayers, respectively, within 72 h. Planigraphs, prepared from tracing
      areas of cytotoxicity onto sheets of paper, served as permanent records of
      toxicity which were easily measured by planimeter experienced and nonexperienced
      scientists. Planimetric procedures may have utility in measuring biological and
      chemical toxicity as well as physiological stress in cell monolayers.

PMID- 3397400
TI  - Changes in glycoprotein fucosylation in a concanavalin A-resistant variant of a
      human leukemia cell line (K562).
AB  - Previous studies from this and other laboratories have shown that variants of
      tumor cell lines can be selected for resistance to the lytic action of natural
      killer (NK) cells. One of these (K562-Clone I), when made resistant to the toxic
      effects of Concanavalin A (Con A-R1), regained its sensitivity to NK. Comparing
      the plasma membranes of Clone I and Con A-R1, we observed 1) a very similar
      electrophoretic pattern of membrane glycoproteins identified by binding to the
      lectins Con A, WGA, PNA, and SBA; 2) an increase in binding of Ulex europaeus
      lectin to a group of glycoproteins from Con A-R1 that were sensitive to treatment
      with fucosidase and N-glycanase and that had a diffuse mobility ranging in
      apparent molecular weight from 30 to 200 kDa; and 3) a marked decrease in binding
      of an antibody reactive with the lactoneofucopentaose III antigen (Lewis x). This
      constellation of changes is an unusual pattern to follow Con A resistance and may
      point to a pathway of glycosylation that a leukemic cell might use to modify its
      recognition by the NK mechanism.

PMID- 3397402
TI  - A beneficial effect of trypsin on the purification of turnip mosaic virus (TuMV)
      and other potyviruses.
AB  - The effects of treatment with trypsin during the purification of turnip mosaic
      virus (TuMV), on virus yield, infectivity and integrity of virus coat protein
      were examined. Trypsin increased yield markedly, and at a low concentration,
      increased infectivity. These effects were probably due to reduced aggregation of
      virus particles. At higher concentrations of trypsin, there was some degradation
      of virus coat protein, and infectivity was reduced. Treatment with trypsin at the
      optimum concentration can significantly improve purification of TuMV; more
      limited experiments suggest that it can also be applied to other potyviruses.

PMID- 3397404
TI  - Astrocytes are not susceptible to lysis by natural killer cells.
AB  - A cell population from the central nervous system, of mainly astrocytes, was
      prepared and their susceptibility to natural killer cell lysis was compared to
      YAC-1 cells and L929 cells. Two populations of natural killer cells were used:
      the splenocytes of mice immunized with Semliki Forest virus 3 days previously and
      day 5 inflammatory cells from West Nile virus-infected CBA/H mouse brain. Both
      cell populations showed high lytic activity on YAC-1 cells and the effector cells
      possessed conventional natural killer cell markers, i.e., Thy1 +/-, L3T4-, Lyt2-,
      GM1+. The results revealed that astrocytes are not susceptible to lysis by
      natural killer cells and hence argue against the hypothesis that the absolute
      concentration of MHC antigens on the cell surface determines the susceptibility
      to natural killer cell lysis.

PMID- 3397403
TI  - The hybrid EIA test: a specific and sensitive assay for the detection of
      woodchuck antibody to hepatitis surface antigen (anti-WHs).
AB  - 'Ausria II' polystyrene beads (Abbott Labs, N. Chicago) are reacted with
      woodchuck serum positive for WHsAg in a dilution predetermined by titration. This
      modified bead is used in a blocking assay to detect the presence of antibody to
      the surface antigen of woodchuck hepatitis virus (anti-WHs). Serum containing
      woodchuck anti-WHs and commercial horseradish peroxidase (HRP) labeled anti-HBs
      are sequentially added. A drop in optical density at 492 nm of 50% or more due to
      the blocking of HRP conjugated anti-HBs by anti-WHs compared with a control
      (negative woodchuck serum) is a measure of anti-WHs. The ease and simplicity of
      converting readily available 'Ausria II' beads to specific reagents for detecting
      anti-WHs should be welcomed by investigators studying WHV. The method described
      is both sensitive and reproducible.

PMID- 3397405
TI  - Immunological and pharmacological heterogeneity of alpha-bungarotoxin binding
      sites extracted from TE671 cells.
AB  - A proportion of the acetylcholine receptors (AChR) extracted from the human
      medulloblastoma cell line, TE671, differed pharmacologically and immunologically
      from AChR extracted from ischaemic human calf muscle (HCM). 29.6% (mean value) of
      the total 125I-alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha-BuTx) binding sites in the TE671
      extracts was not inhibited by d-tubocurarine (dTC). Three of five monoclonal
      antibodies (m.abs), all of which precipitated greater than 80% of HCM AChRs,
      precipitated less than 55% of the total TE671 AChR. However, myasthenia gravis
      sera bound to TE671, and TE671 cell surface AChRs appeared to be similar to that
      of HCM.

PMID- 3397407
TI  - Development of intersecting CNS fiber tracts: the corpus callosum and its
      perforating fiber pathway.
AB  - What are the mechanisms acting during development at points of intersection of
      central nervous system fiber tracts which influence the direction taken by a
      population of growing axons? In order to address this question, the ontogeny of
      the intersecting rostral corpus callosum and its perforating fiber pathway (PF),
      and the microenvironment through which these fiber systems grow, were examined in
      a series of mouse embryos and early postnates. Our results show that the
      perforating fibers are identifiable in silver-stained sections between embryonic
      days (E) 15 and 16, at least 1 day prior to the initial appearance of the
      callosal projection. Soon after the PF can be identified, a dense accumulation of
      subventricular cells surrounds the PF at a point just ventral to the location
      where the callosum and PF will intersect (i.e., at the corticoseptal boundary).
      Callosal axons, which are present at the point of intersection beginning on E17,
      do not joint the perforating fibers, nor do they appear to penetrate the
      underlying population of subventricular cells. Instead, the callosal fibers turn
      across the PF and enter the contralateral cerebral hemisphere. Thus, the
      intersection of the callosal and perforating fiber systems during development may
      be related both to the sequential development of each pathway and to the altered
      nonneuronal environment at the point of intersection.

PMID- 3397406
TI  - Disruption of microfilament organization and deregulation of disk membrane
      morphogenesis by cytochalasin D in rod and cone photoreceptors.
AB  - Morphogenesis of photoreceptor outer segment disks appears to occur by an
      evagination of the ciliary plasma membrane (Steinberg et al., J Comp Neurol
      190:501-519, '80). We tested if polymerized actin (F-actin) was necessary for the
      regulation of this postulated process by incubating Xenopus eyecups with 5 or 25
      microM cytochalasin D for 6-28 hours. During the second hour, the incubation
      medium contained 3H-leucine. Both concentrations of cytochalasin resulted in: 1)
      dissolution of the rhodamine-phalloidin labeling pattern of photoreceptors, and
      2) collapse of the calycal processes (which are normally filled with actin
      filaments) and disappearance of the inner segment microfilaments. In addition,
      the few most basal rod and cone outer segment disks appeared several times their
      normal diameter. These oversized disks had incorporated 3H-leucine and extended
      along the margin of the outer or inner segment. The nature of the overgrown disks
      is consistent only with a morphogenetic process involving evaginations of the
      ciliary plasma membrane. Deregulation by cytochalasin D was manifest by excessive
      growth of a few nascent disks rather than normal growth of many. Therefore, the
      normal network of actin filaments is apparently not necessary for continued
      evagination of the membrane, but it does seem to be an essential part of the
      mechanism that initiates the evagination of the ciliary plasma membrane and/or
      the mechanism that controls how far nascent disks grow.

PMID- 3397408
TI  - Distribution pattern of cell bodies and fibers with neurotensin-like
      immunoreactivity in the cat hypothalamus.
AB  - Neurotensin is widely distributed in the central and peripheral nervous systems.
      Extensive radioimmunoassay and immunohistochemical studies in rats show that the
      neurotensin immunoreactive perikarya and fibers are most prominent in the
      hypothalamus. Radioimmunoassay studies have suggested that the levels of
      neurotensin in the hypothalamus of cats may be six times higher than that of
      rats. We studied the distribution pattern of neurotensin immunoreactivity within
      the hypothalamus of the cat by avidin-biotin modification immunohistochemical
      methods: (1) to define its distribution pattern within the hypothalamus, and (2)
      to compare our findings with the patterns that have been described in rats.
      Results show that neurotensin immunoreactive cell bodies and fibers are most
      prominent in the rostral and intermediate regions of the cat hypothalamus. Cell
      bodies with neurotensin-like immunoreactivity are seen maximally in the medial
      preoptic region, the infundibular nucleus, and the lateral hypothalamus. The
      neurotensin positive fibers are dense in the periventricular regions of the
      entire rostro-caudal extent of the hypothalamus. This pattern of distribution of
      neurotensin immunoreactivity is similar to that described in rats. The
      suprachiasmatic nuclei of the cat hypothalamus, however, contained a significant
      number of neurotensin immunoreactive cell bodies, an observation not noted in the
      rat hypothalamus. The neurotensin immunoreactive neurons were more numerous in
      the lateral hypothalamus than has been reported in rats, but the paraventricular
      nucleus of the hypothalamus in cats contained fewer neurotensin immunoreactive
      perikarya. The presence of neurotensin immunoreactive perikarya in the
      suprachiasmatic nucleus and the apparent increase in the number of neurotensin
      immunoreactive neurons in the lateral hypothalamus may account for the increased
      levels of neurotensin reported in cats. Neurotensin has been speculated to play a
      role in nociception, thermoregulation, and control of arterial pressure by acting
      as a hormone or a neurotransmitter. Details of the pattern of colocalization of
      neurotensin with that of other neuropeptides and neurotransmitters will aid in
      our understanding of its role in these functions.

PMID- 3397409
TI  - Organization of the inner plexiform layer of the turtle retina: an electron
      microscopic study.
AB  - We have performed a serial-section electron microscopic study of the inner
      plexiform layer (IPL) of the retina of the turtle Pseudemys scripta elegans. A
      qualitative and quantitative assessment of the neuropil of the IPL has been done
      from photomontages taken from the linear visual streak area and peripheral
      retina. Counts of conventional, ribbon, serial, and reciprocal synapses, of
      ganglion cell dendrites, and of profiles containing large, dense-cored vesicles
      were made in five equal-thickness strata in each montage. Averages of these
      different features were plotted for each stratum in the linear visual streak and
      compared with peripheral retina. The trend was for stratum 2 to have the highest
      overall absolute number of amacrine and bipolar interactions, and also of serial
      synapses, both in the linear visual streak and in peripheral regions. Stratum 4
      tended to have the second-highest number of synapses. The total number of
      synapses for the entire thickness of the IPL, regardless of stratification, is
      higher in the streak than in the periphery. The total amacrine-to-bipolar-synapse
      ratio in the IPL is the highest of any vertebrate studied to date (11.0 in the
      streak and 14.5 in the periphery) but the number of synapses/micron 2 was found
      to be similar to that reported for other vertebrates. Amacrine-to-amacrine
      synaptic contacts greatly outnumber other types of synapses; amacrines constitute
      the principal input to ganglion cells, whereas bipolar output is mainly onto
      amacrines. The trend for higher numbers of synaptic interactions in strata 2 and
      4 of the streak region of the turtle IPL can be correlated with the branching of
      small-field amacrine and ganglion cells described in Golgi studies (Kolb: Philos.
      Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 298:355-393, '82). In peripheral retina, branching of
      large-field amacrines and a lower number of bipolar pathways may account for the
      trend for larger numbers of amacrine synapses in strata 2 and 4. Profiles having
      large, dense-cored vesicles tend to occur most frequently in strata 1 and 5,
      which correlates well with the stratification in the IPL of the processes of
      immunoreactive amacrine cells described in other studies.

PMID- 3397410
TI  - Congenital agminated Spitz nevi: immunoreactivity with a melanoma-associated
      monoclonal antibody.
AB  - Agminated, or grouped Spitz nevi are a curious expression of nevomelanocytic
      growth; and represent an uncommon manifestation of these nevi. We encountered an
      example of agminated Spitz nevi present at birth, which showed progression and
      rapid growth over months. All showed histologic Spitz nevus features. Avidin
      biotin immunohistochemical techniques using anti S-100 protein, neuron-specific
      enolase (NSE), and melanoma-specific monoclonal antibody, HMB-45 labelled the
      nevi as follows: diffuse S-100 and NSE staining in most and HMB-45 positivity in
      sporadic cells deep in the dermis. HMB-45 reactivity occurred in both spindle
      cells and epithelioid forms.

PMID- 3397411
TI  - Subcutaneous sarcoidosis with extensive caseation necrosis.
AB  - We report a 24-year-old male patient with sarcoidosis who developed subcutaneous
      nodules on his thighs and buttocks at the sites of repeated intramuscular
      injections. Histologically, there were extensive areas of caseation necrosis
      surrounded by typical sarcoidal granuloma. The nodules regressed spontaneously
      over a period of 4 months, concurrently, both his bilateral hilar adenopathy and
      the results of immunological tests, returned to normal. We think that these
      lesions developed at the sites of subcutaneous scar tissue induced by frequent
      injections in childhood. We believe the pathomechanism to be similar to that for
      scar sarcoidosis, and that the extensive caseation necrosis reflected a
      regressing stage of the disease.

PMID- 3397412
TI  - Free and total thyroid hormones in serum of Holstein cows.
AB  - Basic parameters are reported for free thyroxine and triiodothyronine in blood
      serum of dairy cattle. Free thyroxine ranged from a low of 1.47 ng/dl in the
      summer to 1.86 ng/dl in the spring and from 1.37 ng/dl in early lactation to 1.85
      ng/dl in midlactation. The average free triiodothyronine went from a low of 2.98
      pg/ml in winter to a high of 6.23 pg/ml in the fall and from 3.45 pg/ml in early
      lactation to 5.37 pg/ml in midlactation. The free fraction of the serum compared
      with the total fraction averaged .0267% for thyroxine and .291% for
      triiodothyronine. Free and total thyroxine were high in fall, low in winter, and
      intermediate in spring and summer. Free and total triiodothyronine showed a
      similar pattern with a greater magnitude in the variations. Even though the
      thyroid hormone secretion rate was higher in winter (earlier studies), increased
      tissue utilization kept serum concentrations low. Free and total thyroxine and
      triiodothyronine were low in early lactation due to high demands from peak milk
      production. Stage of lactation had a much greater influence on changes in serum
      thyroid hormones than did season.

PMID- 3397413
TI  - Effect of added dietary fat and bovine somatotropin on the performance and
      metabolism of lactating dairy cows.
AB  - Four early lactation Holstein cows (44 to 105 d postpartum) were used in a 4 X 4
      Latin square experiment in a 2 X 2 factorial arrangement of treatments to study
      effects of added dietary fat and/or bovine somatotropin on performance and
      metabolism. Treatments were: 1) control diet plus placebo injection; 2) 5% added
      dietary fat (hydrolyzed blend of animal and vegetable fat) + placebo injection;
      3) control diet + 50 IU bovine somatotropin/d; and 4) 5% added dietary fat + 50
      IU bovine somatotropin/d. Dietary fat reduced dry matter intake (21.6 vs. 22.7
      kg/d) and elevated plasma triglycerides (34.7 vs. 29.2 mg/100 ml). Injection of
      somatotropin lowered blood urea nitrogen, increased plasma free fatty acids, and
      increased plasma somatotropin. Milk production, milk fat percent, and 4% FCM
      production were increased by the injection of somatotropin. Milk protein percent
      was decreased (3.30 vs. 3.44%) with added fat and tended to be lower with
      somatotropin. The percentage of short-chain fatty acids (C6 to C14) in milk fat
      decreased with added fat while the percentage of stearic and oleic acids in milk
      fat increased. Production responses for fat plus somatotropin and somatotropin
      treatments were similar. Under the conditions of this study, the addition of
      dietary fat with injection of somatotropin had little effect on production
      parameters compared with that found with somatotropin alone.

PMID- 3397415
TI  - Analytical procedures for estimating milk intake and yield in steady-state and
      nonsteady-state systems.
AB  - A tracer method for determining milk intake, introduced earlier, was based on the
      transfer of tritiated water from a lactating female to a nuring offspring via
      milk. The analysis of the tracer data assumed a steady state system, i.e., the
      total body water of the offspring was assumed to be constant over the measurement
      period. This paper discusses the potential errors in the milk intake estimates in
      applications where steady-state does not exist. Three analytical procedures are
      considered and include the application of 1) steady state equations for a
      nonsteady-state system, 2) analytical solutions to nonsteady-state equations, and
      3) a computer modeling program, SAAM-27. The application of steady-state
      equations is the simplest procedure and may yield acceptable estimates if the
      growth rate of the nuring offspring is low. The analytical solution procedure
      yields acceptable estimates at high growth rates of the nursing offspring but
      becomes unacceptable at low growth rates. The SAAM program requires sophisticated
      computer hardware and programming; however, the procedure yields the best
      estimates of milk intake in applications ranging from steady-state to high growth
      rates.

PMID- 3397414
TI  - Modeling of rumen water kinetics and effects of rumen pH changes.
AB  - Mechanistic elements for determining water kinetics and effects of pH on VFA
      production and cellulose hydrolysis were incorporated into a model of rumen
      digestion and metabolism. Elements necessary for water kinetics were estimates of
      salivary flow during eating, resting, and ruminating, time course and amount of
      drinking water, osmotic flux across the rumen wall based on changes in rumen
      fluid osmolality, and liquid turnover rate. Osmotic flux equations predicted a
      significant net absorption of water from rumens of dairy cattle. Water kinetic
      equations predicted experimental changes in rumen volume during twice daily
      feeding, and produced marker dilution data qualitatively resembling published
      data. Increased marker dilution during feeding was due to increased rumen volume.
      An empirical equation predicting rumen pH from VFA concentration was validated
      against literature data. Changes in molar percentages of acetate and propionate
      as pH declined below 6.2 were produced by decreasing cellulose hydrolysis and
      fermentation and by altering stoichiometric coefficients for fermentation of
      soluble sugars and starch. Insufficient data prevented an adequate challenge of
      equations predicting decreases in cellulose hydrolysis and changes in
      stoichiometric coefficients as pH decreased.

PMID- 3397416
TI  - Forage pH effects on intake in early lactation dairy cows.
AB  - In Experiment 1, 18 mature Holstein cows were used in a single reversal design
      with 6-wk periods from wk 5 to 16 postpartum. Cows were fed for ad libitum
      consumption corn silage and grain separately in a 40:60 ratio where treatments
      consisted of a corn silage (pH = 3.64) or corn silage partially neutralized with
      sodium bicarbonate prior to feeding (pH = 5.44). Neutralization of corn silage
      increased forage DM intake 1.0 kg/d and total DM 1.3 kg/d. Milk fat percent was
      increased from 3.79 to 4.15. In Experiment 2, 17 mature Holstein cows were used
      in an identical design except that alfalfa haylage was used as the forage.
      Increasing alfalfa haylage pH from 4.62 to 5.45 had no effect on intake or milk
      production. Literature data means and data summarized from the present
      experiments in multiple regression analysis indicated that intake as a percentage
      of body weight = .96 + .88 pH - .077 pH2 (R2 = .65, n = 49). Optimal pH for
      maximum intake was 5.7. Intake responses to pH above 4.5 are relatively small and
      explain the differences in responses seen between corn silage and alfalfa haylage
      in Experiments 1 and 2.

PMID- 3397417
TI  - Nutritional value of wet corn gluten feed for sheep and lactating dairy cows.
AB  - Experiments were conducted to determine digestibility of wet corn gluten feed in
      sheep and effect of wet corn gluten feed on DM intake, milk production, and milk
      composition by dairy cows. In Trial 1, six wethers were fed wet corn gluten feed
      at maintenance and ad libitum for determination of nutrient digestibility by the
      conventional 7-d total collection technique. The sheep ate 1.32 times maintenance
      at ad libitum intake and no significant differences were found in digestibility
      due to intake. Digestibilities of DM, organic matter, energy, CP, ether extract,
      ADF, NDF, and hemicellulose averaged 70.3, 73.0, 73.7, 78.3, 72.8, 51.4, 58.1,
      and 60.4%, respectively. Mean total digestible nutrients for both treatments was
      70.3. In Trial 2, 12 Holstein cows in mid to late lactation were allotted to a 4
      x 4 Latin square design. Cows were fed a total mixed ration twice daily. Wet corn
      gluten feed was fed at 0 (control), 10, 20, and 30% of the total ration DM. There
      were no significant treatment effects on DM intake, milk yield, or milk
      composition. Dry matter intake (kg/d), milk production (kg/d), and percent milk
      fat were 21.4, 22.9, and 3.71, respectively, for control; 21.4, 23.0, and 3.80
      for the 10%; 21.0, 23.1, and 3.71 for the 20%; and 21.0, 23.2, and 3.89 for the
      30% wet corn gluten feed.

PMID- 3397418
TI  - Use of 24-F-1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 to prevent parturient paresis in dairy cows.
AB  - Forty-one aged Jersey cows were fed a high Ca diet prior to parturition to
      predispose them to parturient paresis. Twenty-one of the cows were treated with
      24-F-1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, a synthetic analogue of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3,
      7 d before the expected parturition. Treated cows received either 100 micrograms
      (n = 7) or 150 micrograms (n = 14) of 24-F-1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3,
      intramuscularly at 7-d intervals until the cow calved. Incidence of parturient
      paresis among untreated animals was 85% (17/20). Injections of 100 micrograms of
      24-F-1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 reduced the incidence of parturient paresis to 43%
      (3/7), whereas 150 micrograms injections of 24-F-1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 reduced
      the incidence of parturient paresis to 29% (4/14). Plasma concentrations of
      hydroxyproline were not elevated prior to parturition in 24-F-1,25
      dihydroxyvitamin D3-treated cows, indicating that treatment did not stimulate
      bone resorption and that the ability of 24-F-1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 to prevent
      parturient paresis likely resides in its ability to stimulate intestinal Ca
      absorption prior to parturition. Further, cows treated with 24-F-1,25
      dihydroxyvitamin D3 that developed parturient paresis had lower than normal
      plasma concentrations of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, indicating that 24-F-1,25
      dihydroxyvitamin D3 treatment impairs the metabolism of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in
      response to hypocalcemia. These data suggest that injection of 24-F-1,25
      dihydroxyvitamin D3, delivered at 7-d intervals prior to parturition, can
      effectively reduce incidence of parturient paresis in dairy cows.

PMID- 3397419
TI  - Effects of niacin and whole cottonseed on ruminal fermentation, protein
      degradability, and nutrient digestibility.
AB  - Four mature nonlactating Holstein heifers fitted with ruminal and duodenal
      cannulae were used to investigate in vivo effects of niacin and whole cottonseed.
      Each heifer was assigned randomly to a treatment in a 2 X 2 factorial arrangement
      of treatment sequences within a 4 X 4 Latin square design. Heifers were fed
      isonitrogenous complete mixed rations individually twice daily. Diets contained
      corn-soybean meal concentrate, corn silage, chopped coastal bermudagrass hay,
      plus 1) 0% niacin and 0% whole cottonseed, 2) 0% niacin and 15% whole cottonseed,
      3) .07% niacin and 0% whole cottonseed, or 4) .07% niacin and 15% whole
      cottonseed. Dry matter consumption, ruminal pH, ruminal ammonia and VFA
      concentrations, microbial N production, and DM and ADF digestion were not
      affected by treatment. Numbers of ruminal protozoa and RNA concentrations were
      reduced with whole cottonseed feeding and increased by addition of niacin. Whole
      cottonseed increased molar percentages of acetate while depressing propionate.
      Niacin supplementation resulted in greater digestion of both CP and NDF. Ether
      extract digestibility was highest in heifers fed whole cottonseed. Fiber
      digestion was not affected by whole cottonseed feeding.

PMID- 3397420
TI  - Effect of dietary soybean meal and fish meal on protein digesta flow in Holstein
      cows during early and midlactation.
AB  - Six lactating cows were fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannula to measure
      protein digesta flow to the duodenum during early and midlactation. Diets were
      composed of corn grain, corn silage, and orchardgrass hay plus supplemental fish
      meal or soybean meal. Diets contained 15.5% CP and 20.7 ADF. Cobalt-EDTA and Yb
      were used as liquid and particulate digesta markers and cytosine was used as
      microbial marker. Corrected organic matter digestibilities in the stomachs were
      48.4, 49.8, 44.9, and 53.2% for fish meal and soybean meal diets and early and
      midlactation, respectively. Preduodenal degradabilities were 47.2, 65.8, 56.7,
      and 56.2% for fish meal and soybean meal diets and early and midlactation,
      respectively. Nitrogen recoveries at the duodenum were 93.2 and 84.3% for fish
      meal and soybean meal diets. Intake of amino acids was greater when cows were fed
      the soybean meal diet, but total flows of amino acids to the duodenum were
      similar for both diets. Greater quantity of protein escaping ruminal degradation
      in cows fed fish meal compared with soybean meal was counterbalanced by less
      microbial synthesis in the rumen.

PMID- 3397421
TI  - Digestion and utilization of high moisture barley by lactating dairy cows.
AB  - Two experiments were conducted to study digestion and utilization of dry and high
      moisture barley. Dry matter yield of dry barley was 2.99 tonnes/ha in contrast to
      3.58 tonnes/ha for high moisture barley. In Experiment 1, 38 cows in early to
      midlactation were assigned to two diets (40% alfalfa hay; 9.4% supplement and
      50.6% barley, DM basis) that differed only in the type of barley fed: diet 1,
      rolled dry barley, and diet 2, rolled high moisture barley. Although DM intake,
      milk yield, and 4% FCM were not significantly influenced by diet, cows fed diet 2
      had higher milk persistency than those fed diet 1. In Experiment 2, three
      lactating cows fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannulae were assigned to three
      dietary treatments in a Latin square design. Diets 1 and 2 were as in Experiment
      1, whereas diet 3 contained ground high moisture barley. Digestibility
      coefficients tended to be lower and duodenal starch percent higher for cows fed
      diet 3 than those fed diets 1 or 2. No significant dietary differences were
      observed in ruminal pH, VFA, or ammonia concentrations. Although ensiling and
      processing influenced the rate and extent of DM and CP degradation in situ,
      treatment did not influence effective degradability. Results suggest that the
      feeding value of high moisture barley for lactating cows is equivalent to dry
      barley on a DM basis.

PMID- 3397422
TI  - Lactational responses of dairy cows to diets containing regular and high oleic
      acid sunflower seeds.
AB  - Ten Holstein cows were used in a 15-wk nested factorial to evaluate the response
      to diets containing added fat from sunflower seeds high (greater than 65%) in
      linoleic acid (regular sunflower seeds) or high (80%) in oleic acid (high oleic
      acid variety sunflower seeds). Replicated periods were of 5 wk each, with data
      collected the last 3 wk of each period. Total mixed diets were 40% corn silage
      (DM basis), 15% alfalfa hay, and 45% concentrate mix. Concentrate mixes were
      control, 20% regular sunflower seeds, or 20% high oleic acid sunflower seeds in
      place of portions of the corn and soybean meal. Yields of milk (27.9, 25.4, and
      28.8 kg/d) were similar for all diets, while 4% FCM (24.0, 19.2, and 24.0 kg/d)
      and SCM (24.8, 20.2, and 24.8 kg/d) were lower when cows were fed regular
      sunflower seeds. Percentages of fat (3.14, 2.43, and 2.92%) were reduced when
      cows were fed regular sunflower seeds, but protein (3.00, 3.24, and 3.03%) and
      total solids (12.12, 11.34, and 11.82%) were similar for all diets. Milk fat from
      cows fed regular sunflower seeds contained the highest proportions of unsaturated
      fatty acids with the lowest proportions from cows fed the control diet. Dry
      matter intakes (22.8, 20.6, and 21.9 kg/d) were similar. Molar percentages of
      ruminal acetate were lower and propionate higher when cows were fed regular
      sunflower seeds than when fed high oleic acid sunflower seeds or control. The
      fatty acid composition of dietary fat influenced the fatty acid composition of
      cows milk.

PMID- 3397423
TI  - Effects of variety and particle size upon utilization of fescue hay by lactating
      dairy cows and dairy heifers.
AB  - Missouri-96 and Kentucky-31 hays were chopped with a tub grinder containing
      screens with apertures of 31, 63, or 100 mm in diameter and fed to dairy cows or
      heifers. Particle sizes (geometric mean diameter) were 1218, 1486, and 1933
      micron, respectively, for the 31, 63, and 100-mm treatments. In Trial 1, the six
      treatments were fed ad libitum to 24 lactating cows; concentrate was offered at 1
      kg/2 kg of milk. Dry matter intake and NDF digestibility were greater for
      Kentucky-31, but there were no other effects of variety. Particle size did not
      affect DM intake, DM or fiber digestibility, nitrogen partition, milk yield, or
      milk fat percentage. Crude protein digestibility was greatest for the 63-mm
      particle size treatment. In trial 2, the six treatments were fed ad libitum to 24
      dairy heifers. Intake was greater for the 31 than for the 100-mm treatment but
      was unaffected by variety. Variety and particle size did not affect DM
      digestibility, nitrogen utilization, or daily gain. In this study fescue hay
      chopped through screens having apertures ranging from 31 to 100 mm was without
      effect on milk yield or composition. Reducing particle size increased intake and
      nitrogen utilization but not DM or fiber digestibility.

PMID- 3397424
TI  - Influence of a wide range of calcium intakes on tissue distribution of
      macroelements and microelements in dairy calves.
AB  - Sixteen intact male Holstein calves averaging 86 kg and 63 d of age were assigned
      randomly to four treatment groups. The four treatment diets contained .17, .67,
      1.31, and 2.35% Ca on an as-fed basis. The resulting Ca:P ratios with P held
      constant at about .34% were .47:1, 1.92:1, 3.83:1, and 7.20:1. Calves were fed
      diets at 3% of their body weights for 4 wk. Magnesium in the bone ash and serum
      was lowered by the 2.35% Ca treatment. Serum inorganic P was also reduced by the
      highest Ca diet during the last 2 wk of the experiment. Liver had the highest
      concentration of Zn in calves fed .67% Ca, and the muscle from calves fed 1.31%
      Ca diet had the lowest amount of Zn. Copper was reduced in pancreas for 1.31% Ca
      diet, but Ca was highest in the muscle and heart at the .67% Ca treatment. Weight
      gains and feed efficiencies were not affected by Ca. Fecal pH was different among
      treatments and increased as Ca intake increased. Young growing dairy calves can
      adapt to a wide range of Ca intakes and Ca:P ratios and maintain a moderate
      growth rate for 4 wk. It appears that excessive dietary Ca may affect
      concentrations of Zn, Fe, Cu, and Mn in some body tissues, but the magnitude of
      the effect is relatively small.

PMID- 3397425
TI  - Soy protein concentrate and heated soy flours as protein sources in milk replacer
      for preruminant calves.
AB  - Thirty-two male calves (8/treatment) in Trial 1 and 41 male and female calves (10
      or 11/treatment) in Trial 2 were fed milk replacers containing 100% of the total
      protein from milk sources or 25% from milk and 75% from a soy product: soy
      protein concentrate; commercial heated (fully cooked) soy flour; or experimental
      soy flour for 6 wk. The experimental flour received moist heat sufficient to
      reduce trypsin inhibitor to 1 unit/mg. Calf performance improved with age on all
      diets. Growth, protein and dry matter digestibility, nitrogen retention, and
      morphology of the intestinal mucosa of calves on the all milk-protein diet were
      superior to those of calves on diets containing a soy product. All soy-fed groups
      had a humoral but no cell-mediated immune reaction to soy proteins. Soy protein
      concentrate and the experimental heated soy flour were superior to the commercial
      heated soy flour as protein sources for milk replacer.

PMID- 3397426
TI  - Genetic evaluation of dairy goats for milk and fat yield with an animal model.
AB  - An animal model was applied to evaluate 120,073 Alpine, LaMancha, Nubian, Saanen,
      and Toggenburg bucks and does. Parities higher than six were excluded. The model
      included fixed herd-year-season and random herd-sire interaction, permanent
      environmental breeding value, and residual effects. Breeding value included
      additive genetic value and fixed accumulated group effect. A doe's records in
      different herds were accommodated by predicting a separate permanent
      environmental effect for each herd. Lactations were weighted according to
      lactation length. Does of all breeds were used as contemporaries. Breed
      differences were accounted for with a grouping strategy that grouped unknown
      parents by breed, sex of parent, sex of progeny, and birth year of progeny.
      Evaluations for milk and fat were computed as separate traits during the same
      processing. To achieve three-digit accuracy, 100 iterations were completed, each
      requiring slightly over 4 s of central processing unit time on a Cray X-MP/48
      computer. Predicted producing ability was computed as sum of predicted breeding
      value, herd-sire interaction, and permanent environmental effects for use in
      ranking does on expected yield in next lactation. Evaluations of goats served as
      a test for the animal model evaluation system under development for dairy cattle.

PMID- 3397427
TI  - Effects of selection for body size on feed efficiency and size of Holsteins.
AB  - First lactation records from a herd of Holstein cows bred for either high
      production and large size or for high production and small size were examined to
      estimate effects of selection for size and feed efficiency. Selection was among
      progeny-tested bulls available from the artificial insemination industry. Three
      rations were fed that differed for ratios of concentrate to milk. After three
      generations, groups of cows bred for large or small size differed by 50.2 kg in
      weight, 5.6 cm in wither height, 6.4 cm in length, 2.1 cm in depth, and 5.9 cm in
      chest circumference; most differences were due to a decrease in the size of the
      small cows. On the basis of total lactations, cows bred for small size were 2.8%
      more feed efficient than cows bred for large size. During the first 90 d of
      lactation cows fed the low concentrate ration were more efficient than those fed
      the high concentrate ration. Season of calving had an effect on feed efficiency
      between d 30 and 120 of lactation. During this period cows calving between
      December and May were more efficient.

PMID- 3397428
TI  - Characterization of clinical mastitis records from one herd in a subtropical
      environment.
AB  - Patterns of occurrence and reoccurrence of clinical mastitis, duration of
      episodes, and number of quarters treated in a large north Florida dairy over 6.5
      yr are described. Monthly incidence of milk disposal due to clinical mastitis
      varied within and between years and ranged from 1.3 to 4.7% of cow-days in milk.
      In first parity animals, 37.6% of lactations were treated for clinical mastitis,
      averaging 1.4 episodes per treated lactation. Almost half of these episodes
      occurred by d 35 of lactation. For second, third, and fourth or greater parities,
      35.5, 48.1, and 56.6% of lactations were treated. These lactations averaged 2.1,
      2.3, and 2.8 episodes. In parities 2, 3, and greater than or equal to 4, episodes
      initiated by d 35 of lactation were 28.2, 23.9, and 20.6% of parity episodes.
      Seventy-two percent of episodes were treated for less than or equal to 7 d. Sixty
      seven percent of episodes were treated in one quarter and treatment in two,
      three, or four quarters accounted for 21.6, 5.5, and 5.9% of all episodes. When
      two quarters were treated simultaneously, udder halves (front, rear, right, left)
      were treated more frequently than were diagonals.

PMID- 3397429
TI  - Effects of prepartum milking on milk production and health performance.
AB  - A field study using seven Holstein herds was conducted to determine effects of
      prepartum milking on milk production, health disorders, and reproductive
      performance. In each herd, 80 cows (30% first lactation cows) were assigned 1 mo
      prior to expected calving date to one of two treatments: postpartum or prepartum
      milking. The group milked prepartum was machine-milked twice daily at regular
      milking intervals beginning 14 d prior to date of expected calving. The group
      milked postpartum was milked for the first time after calving. The day prior to
      calving, 36, 33, and 31% of the cows milked prepartum produced less than 4.5 kg,
      4.5 to 9 kg, and greater than 9 kg of milk, respectively. No relationship existed
      between days milked prepartum and prepartum milk yield. Lactation milk yield and
      persistency were not affected by prepartum milking. Prepartum milking reduced
      incidence of milk fever and mastitis during the 1st mo after parturition.
      Treatment was not a significant source of variation for reproductive performance
      or body condition; however, culling was higher for cows milked postpartum.
      Results indicate no adverse effects on cow performance due to prepartum milking
      nor increase in lactation milk yield.

PMID- 3397430
TI  - Evaluation of udder preparations on intramammary infections.
AB  - Udder preparations of wet towel plus drying and .1% iodophor premilking teat
      dipping plus drying were compared with no preparation to determine effects on
      number of new intramammary infections. Teats of 84 cows were challenged (5 d/wk)
      for 18 wk with a culture broth of Streptococcus uberis 3 h prior to each p.m.
      milking to stimulate environmental contamination. Wet towel plus drying and
      premilking teat dipping plus drying significantly reduced number of new
      intramammary infections compared to no preparation. Cleaning with water or
      dipping with a premilking teat dip and manual drying of teats may have
      contributed to the reduction in number of new infections. Premilking teat dipping
      plus drying further reduced number of new infections compared to use of wet towel
      plus drying. Apparently, teat dipping was more effective in reducing the number
      of new infections than water used with the wet towel. This study showed that
      udder preparations can affect udder health when an experimental bacterial
      challenge is applied.

PMID- 3397431
TI  - Group treatment of depression: individual predictors of outcome.

PMID- 3397432
TI  - Combined behavioral and pharmacologic treatment for obesity: predictors of
      successful weight maintenance.

PMID- 3397433
TI  - Coping with stressful events in older children and young adolescents.

PMID- 3397435
TI  - Young adolescents and maternal depression: assessment, interrelations, and family
      predictors.

PMID- 3397434
TI  - Smoking abstinence, eating style, and food intake.

PMID- 3397437
TI  - Ability of alcoholics to escape detection by the MMPI.

PMID- 3397436
TI  - Obese binge eaters: affect, cognitions, and response to behavioural weight
      control.

PMID- 3397438
TI  - Fixed versus flexible MMPI diagnostic rules.

PMID- 3397439
TI  - Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery-Children's Revision: concurrent
      validity with three learning disability subtypes.

PMID- 3397441
TI  - Reliability and validity of drug use items differing in the nature of their
      response options.

PMID- 3397440
TI  - Continued high or reduced interparental conflict following divorce: relation to
      young adolescent adjustment.

PMID- 3397442
TI  - Skin types in dysplastic nevus syndrome.
AB  - In order to determine if individuals with dysplastic nevi (DN) are relatively
      more sun-sensitive than controls who do not have DN, the sun-reactivity skin
      types (based on the Harvard classification) were determined in these two groups.
      Compared with controls, sun-sensitive types were significantly overrepresented in
      the DN group. This is consistent with the hypothesis that the fundamental defect
      in the dysplastic nevus syndrome is the genetically unstable melanocyte, which is
      susceptible to neoplastic transformation induced by sunlight.

PMID- 3397443
TI  - Epidemiology of malignant melanoma: intermittent or total accumulated exposure to
      the sun?
AB  - In accordance with the sunlight hypothesis for its etiology, the incidence of
      malignant melanoma generally increases with increasing proximity to the equator.
      There are exceptions to this pattern, prominent among which is the tendency for
      incidence to increase with increasing distance from the equator beyond latitude
      50 degrees north in Europe. This anomaly is probably explicable in terms of
      climatic factors, geographic variation in skin pigmentation, and the sun-seeking
      behavior of those in the north. The incidence of malignant melanoma is increasing
      at about 5% a year in most white populations, while there is no consistent
      tendency for it to increase in black populations. This difference suggests that
      the increase is due to increasing sun exposure. Evidence from recent case-control
      studies is consistent with both intermittent intense exposure and total
      accumulated exposure to the sun causing an increase in risk of malignant
      melanoma. Reconciliation of these two different patterns of effect of sun
      exposure may lie in more careful measurement of sun exposure and analysis of
      exposure specific to the site at which each melanoma is observed to occur.

PMID- 3397444
TI  - The ratio of basal cell carcinoma to squamous cell carcinoma in Houston, Texas.

PMID- 3397445
TI  - Skin cancer and artificial sources of UV radiation.
AB  - Exposure of people to indoor ultraviolet (UV) radiation has vastly increased in
      the past one or two decades, mainly due to increased recreational exposure and
      partly as a result of therapy for skin disease. This trend will result in an
      increased incidence of skin cancer, but the magnitude of the increase is
      speculative at present because of a lack of information about the extent and
      nature of the recreational UV exposure.

PMID- 3397447
TI  - Identifying students at risk for academic difficulty.

PMID- 3397446
TI  - A model of motivated behavior in primary care.

PMID- 3397448
TI  - Promoting research productivity in new faculty: a developmental perspective of
      the early postdoctoral years.

PMID- 3397449
TI  - Developing performance criteria for merit pay: one school's process.

PMID- 3397450
TI  - A follow-up study of the RN graduates of allied health education and
      administration doctoral programs.

PMID- 3397451
TI  - When professional nurses return to school: a study of role conflict and well
      being in multiple-role women.

PMID- 3397452
TI  - Strengths and challenges: nursing in the 21st century.

PMID- 3397453
TI  - Career development of the nurse-scientist: the new doctorate faces a
      postdoctoral.

PMID- 3397454
TI  - Curriculum, the professional person, and accountability.

PMID- 3397455
TI  - International nursing: a moral conviction.

PMID- 3397457
TI  - Will the professional practice model survive?

PMID- 3397456
TI  - Liability for short staffing?

PMID- 3397459
TI  - AIDS: policies and perplexities.

PMID- 3397458
TI  - Where angels fear to tread.

PMID- 3397460
TI  - The clinical nurse's role in informed consent.

PMID- 3397461
TI  - What is the study of nursing service administration?

PMID- 3397462
TI  - Data collection tools in nursing baccalaureate programs.

PMID- 3397463
TI  - Weight-control approaches: very-low-calorie diets.

PMID- 3397464
TI  - Windows of opportunity for dietitians in public policy.

PMID- 3397465
TI  - Needs, interests, and attitudes of university faculty for a wellness program.
AB  - During the 1986-1987 academic year, 484 full-time faculty members at Oklahoma
      State University responded to a health habits questionnaire. The purpose of this
      study was to assess the needs, interests, and attitudes of faculty for a wellness
      program. Behaviors were assessed in the following categories: cigarette smoking,
      alcohol/drugs, eating habits, exercise/fitness, stress management, and safety.
      Only 100 (20.6%) of the total indicated that they were currently smokers. Neither
      the alcohol/drugs nor the safety categories appeared to be problem areas, with no
      significance noted. Categories indicating a need for improvement were
      exercise/fitness, eating habits, and stress management. Faculty members were
      interested in and willing to participate in a wellness program. Preferred areas
      of interest in rank order were (1) exercise/fitness, (2) stress management, and
      (3) nutrition. Results of this study indicate that faculty in a major university
      are interested in wellness and will participate in a wellness program. Need and
      interest suggest that an exercise/fitness program should be instituted first,
      with stress management and nutrition components added as funds become available.
      A successful wellness program in a university setting has implications for
      happier, more productive employees, reduced absenteeism, and lower health
      insurance premiums.

PMID- 3397466
TI  - The relationship of work satisfaction and organizational commitment to retirement
      intention.
AB  - The relationship between attitudes, job satisfaction, and organizational
      commitment has been shown to influence turnover/retirement. This relationship is
      important because of changing demographic patterns in the U.S. that are
      contributing to present and future foodservice labor shortages. The labor
      shortage has potential for retarding the long-term growth of the foodservice
      industry. However, recruitment and retention of older workers could be a factor
      in controlling the problem. Therefore, the major purpose of this research was to
      obtain information from current older foodservice employees to permit the
      determination of how various aspects of their jobs affect job satisfaction and
      organizational commitment and, thus, intention to remain on the job by delaying
      retirement. Non-management-level hospital and college/university foodservice
      workers aged 55 years and older (no. = 243) were surveyed. Hospital employees
      were selected from corporate rosters provided by a major contract foodservice
      company. College and university employees were selected from the roster of the
      National Association of College and University Food Services (NACUFS). No
      statistically meaningful relationship (r greater than or equal to .30) between
      work satisfaction (measured by the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire) and
      organizational commitment (measured by the Organizational Commitment
      Questionnaire), as correlated with retirement intention, was found. Although not
      considered meaningful, a slight statistical relationship was found (r = .15, p
      less than .02) between intrinsic satisfaction and the desire to delay retirement
      (work intention).

PMID- 3397468
TI  - Malpractice liability in private practice of nutrition.
AB  - To date, no dietitian has been successfully sued in a malpractice case. However,
      as the number of dietitians in private practice increases, the risk of such suits
      increases proportionally. What is malpractice law and how does it apply to
      dietitians? What tests do the courts apply to determine whether injuries a
      patient has suffered were the fault of the health professional caring for that
      patient? What circumstances might ameliorate the patient's claims and limit the
      liability of the dietitian? Even though each case will be decided independently
      on the basis of the evidence presented in court, general principles and
      guidelines govern the courts' decision-making process. Among the elements that
      must be proved by a patient seeking legal redress are actual injury, a
      relationship of duty between the parties, breach of that duty, and a cause-and
      effect relationship between the breach of duty and the injury suffered. Awareness
      of those principles can assist dietitians in conforming their conduct to
      practices that minimize their risk of liability.

PMID- 3397467
TI  - Bentonite models simulate turkey rolls during convective heating.
AB  - A research strategy is presented to illustrate phases involved in developing a
      food model to simulate a food product. Such models can be used to reduce expenses
      involved in studying energy consumed during heat processing. Bentonite-glycerol
      water dispersions were prepared to simulate raw turkey rolls when processed at
      105 degrees and 135 degrees C (220 degrees and 275 degrees F) in oven loads of
      two, four, and six rolls in an electric convection oven. Total processing losses
      were similar for the models and the turkey rolls. When expressed as watt-hours
      per kilogram, energy consumption for the turkey and models was not significantly
      different at each oven temperature and load.

PMID- 3397469
TI  - State associations: accountability to the membership.

PMID- 3397470
TI  - A report on nutrition services payment system activities.

PMID- 3397471
TI  - Vision care for our elderly.

PMID- 3397472
TI  - Optometry's senior citizens: an untapped resource.

PMID- 3397473
TI  - Vision through my aging eyes.

PMID- 3397474
TI  - Life span planning for human needs: an international perspective.

PMID- 3397475
TI  - Vision screening.

PMID- 3397476
TI  - 'Vision through my aging eyes' revisited.
AB  - A variety of age-related changes occur in the visual system of older adults who
      are free from identifiable eye disease. Normal aging of the eye can affect visual
      functioning in older adults, and a variety of psychophysical tests have
      documented some of these effects. Dr. Meredith Morgan, a distinguished optometric
      educator, describes many of these changes in his editorial "Vision Through My
      Aging Eyes." In this article, an overview of several common anatomical,
      physiological and psychophysical changes which occur in the eye with normal aging
      is provided, and specific observations made by Morgan are discussed in terms of
      this information.

PMID- 3397477
TI  - Implications of biological aging to the optometric patient.
AB  - With the "greying" of the American population expected to rapidly accelerate in
      the next few years, the percentage of geriatric patients seen by the optometrist
      will also rapidly increase. A knowledge of the biological aging process will
      assist the optometrist in both assessing and managing the needs of his or her
      elderly patients. This article will discuss current theories of how the aging
      process occurs in the human body, as well as biological changes associated with
      aging.

PMID- 3397479
TI  - Training programs in geriatric optometry.
AB  - Current training programs in geriatric optometry are not uniform among the
      educational institutions. This paper discusses the importance of such programs,
      and offers strong recommendations for their future.

PMID- 3397478
TI  - Low vision and the elderly patient.
AB  - This paper describes special considerations and approaches that are necessary in
      optometric care of the elderly patient with low vision. Emphasis is placed on
      case history and presentation of treatment recommendations. Procedures for the
      systematic assessment of vision are described and there is a discussion of the
      kinds of low vision aids most commonly prescribed for the elderly.

PMID- 3397480
TI  - The geriatric evaluation unit: optometry's role.
AB  - The geriatric evaluation unit (GEU), or geriatric assessment unit (GAU), is an
      increasingly popular component of the health care system. Interdisciplinary
      assessment and management by GEU teams is an effective way to lower the cost of
      long-term care for frail elderly hospital patients. Optometry can play a very
      important role on the GEU team because of the importance of vision assessment and
      care for the elderly.

PMID- 3397481
TI  - Public relations as part of your optometric marketing plan.

PMID- 3397482
TI  - The living trust.
AB  - A revocable trust is a legal document used for estate planning. It accomplishes
      goals which the basic will cannot achieve. Probate avoidance, minimization of
      estate taxes and control of your property during lifetime and after death are
      three benefits of a revocable trust.

PMID- 3397483
TI  - Optometric care for the low vision patient.

PMID- 3397484
TI  - Ocular hypertension or early glaucoma?

PMID- 3397485
TI  - Diabetes and low vision rehabilitation.

PMID- 3397486
TI  - Corneal epithelium in contact lens wear.

PMID- 3397488
TI  - Siegrist's streaks in hypertensive choroidopathy.
AB  - The retinal and choroidal vasculatures are supplied by different systems of blood
      vessels, each having distinct anatomic and physiologic properties. In response to
      systemic hypertension, tissues supplied by each of these vascular systems of the
      eye are affected differently and reveal different manifestations. Siegrist's
      streaks are sequelae of hypertensive choroidopathy, associated with acute
      systemic hypertension, generally indicative of a poor prognosis for patients
      presenting with them. A case report of this uncommon clinical condition is
      described along with a discussion of the associated hisopathology to allow for a
      better understanding of how the eyes may change secondary to systemic vascular
      disease.

PMID- 3397487
TI  - Comparison of Snellen letter and Vistech grating charts as refraction targets.
AB  - Snellen letter and Vistech sine wave grating charts were used as refraction
      targets to determine differences in times required to accomplish subjective
      refractions, endpoint refractive values, and subject preferences. Thirty
      hyperopes and 30 myopes, divided into three age groups, were selected as
      subjects. Two examiners tested each subject using each chart. Both timed their
      subjective refractions and recorded their findings. After all data were recorded,
      each subject completed a questionnaire to determine chart preference. There were
      no clinically significant mean differences between the charts in terms of
      endpoint refractive data, but, on average, the Snellen chart was faster to use.
      Chart rating depended on the subject's refractive status with more myopes
      preferring the Snellen chart and more hyperopes rating the grating chart higher.

PMID- 3397489
TI  - A sequential strategy for achieving functional binocularity in strabismus.
AB  - The clinical approach to achieving functional binocularity for constant
      strabismus includes a series of sequential steps utilizing several therapy
      options. Passive therapy includes lenses, prisms, filters, occlusion, medications
      and strabismus surgery. Active therapy adds visual exercises and/or self
      monitoring systems such as biofeedback. Consideration of commonly used options
      and an overall sequential strategy is presented as a practical guide to the
      successful management of strabismic patients.

PMID- 3397490
TI  - Fundus biomicroscopy: a comparison of four methods.
AB  - Funduscopic examination utilizing the biomicroscope is extremely valuable in the
      detection, diagnosis, and management of ocular disease. A variety of lenses are
      currently available for detailed examination of the posterior vitreous cavity and
      the retina. This paper discusses the optical principles and the various
      attributes of four lenses relative to magnification, field of view, clinical
      application and ease of use.

PMID- 3397491
TI  - Alcohol amblyopia.
AB  - Alcohol amblyopia is a disorder that affects a small percentage of alcoholic
      patients, most of whom are nutritionally deficient. A battery of tests is
      required to make the diagnosis including color vision and field testing. Once the
      diagnosis is made, physical, emotional, and visual rehabilitation should be
      undertaken. A case of alcohol amblyopia is presented along with optometric
      management techniques.

PMID- 3397492
TI  - Preretinal/intraretinal hemorrhages: a photographic essay.
AB  - A 24-year-old Caucasian woman spontaneously developed four hemorrhages, each with
      a "preretinal" or "subhyaloid" appearance. The largest was in the macular area:
      the others were more peripheral. The central hemorrhage followed a characteristic
      pattern of reabsorption, while the peripheral ones followed a different pattern,
      which seems consistent with the formation of a clot, removal of blood pigments,
      and ultimate removal of the fibrin. The photographs suggest that the hemorrhage
      in the macular area had both intra- and pre-retinal components. Aside from a
      history of lupus erythematosus (which was in remission when the hemorrhages
      occurred), there was no other apparent ocular or systemic cause for the
      hemorrhages.

PMID- 3397493
TI  - A comparative study of the Seiko P-3 and Varilux 2 progressive addition lenses.
AB  - Forty patients were selected to participate in a double-masked comparative study
      of the Seiko Plax 3 (P-3) and Varilux 2 progressive addition lenses. The study
      was designed to determine patient preference for either lens design. The patients
      wore each lens for 1 month. Following each period, a questionnaire relating to
      the patient's impressions of the lenses was completed. After both wearing
      periods, the patient's preference was determined. The results show that 89.7% of
      the patients preferred the Seiko lens over the Varilux. Further, 82.4% chose the
      Seiko lens and 44.1% chose the Varilux lens over their habitual multifocal
      design. The results of this study show that, in addition to a preference for the
      Seiko P-3 design, both progressive addition lenses are viable alternatives to the
      conventional multifocal lens.

PMID- 3397494
TI  - Photolysis method for determination of the tetramer-dimer dissociation constant
      of deoxyhemoglobin.
AB  - A new method for determination of the tetramer-dimer dissociation constant Ku4.2
      of deoxyhemoglobin is described. The method involves photolysis of hemoglobin
      solutions containing a few percent of bound CO (e.g. less than 3%). Under these
      conditions the nature of the observed CO rebinding is primarily determined by the
      properties of the dominant species, deoxyhemoglobin. The method makes use of the
      30-fold difference in the rate constant describing CO binding to hemoglobin
      dimers and deoxyhemoglobin tetramers. Because of this large difference in rate
      constants CO rebinding is made significantly more rapid by the presence of even
      small concentrations of dimers. Treating this reaction as CO binding to a mixture
      of hemoglobin dimers and tetramers allows the determination of Ku4.2. Data is
      presented showing application of the method to human deoxyhemoglobin in the range
      from pH 9.5 to 11.2.

PMID- 3397495
TI  - An improved procedure for the isolation of rat brown adipose tissue cells.
AB  - A method for the isolation of brown adipocytes free of fat interferences and
      sensitive to noradrenalin is presented. The cells were isolated from pieces of
      brown adipose tissue with a collagenase treatment. The cells were obtained in the
      presence of heparin, in order to free the lipoprotein lipase attached to the cell
      surface. The cells were isolated in the presence of Amberlite XAD-2 [polymeric
      hydrophobic absorbent beads], which retained most of the fat droplets, formed
      from broken cells, during the process of disaggregation. The combined use of
      heparin and Amberlite XAD-2 during the isolation procedure resulted in a lowered
      cell basal oxygen consumption rate when compared with that of cells isolated with
      standard methods. The treatment presented lowered the availability of
      extracellular fatty acids for the isolated brown fat cells, resulting in lower
      operation of the thermogenin shunt, and thence in decreased basal oxygen
      consumption and higher sensitivity to glucose and noradrenalin stimulation.

PMID- 3397497
TI  - [Fetal death toward the end of pregnancy].
AB  - This study is on 171 late fetal deaths. These arose from 508 cases histories that
      the Group for the Study of Neonatology in Rennes brought together when they were
      conducting a systematic enquiry into perinatal mortality in Ille-and-Vilaine.
      These concerned events that occurred from the 37th week of pregnancy onwards and
      had nothing to do with labour. Their study should make it possible to understand
      better the importance and the details of fetal deaths occurring in the last weeks
      of pregnancy. Four facts can be established: 1. The number of fetal deaths
      occurring at the end of pregnancy seems to be higher than had been thought. They
      represent 38.39% of fetal deaths occurring independent of labour which the Study
      Group have registered. 2. In most cases they were unexpected. Their discovery was
      a surprise. 3. Almost half were due to specific causes: accidents to do with the
      umbilical cord (21 cases); going past biological term (53 cases) following a
      theory that the authors suggest should be used in place of the commonly held
      concept of post-maturity, and based solely on the duration of the pregnancy. 4.
      In order to reduce this perinatal mortality, which is avoidable in many cases, it
      is important that the pregnancy should be monitored much more thoroughly at its
      end and this requires, among other things, that the patients themselves should
      participate.

PMID- 3397496
TI  - Liposome/saline partition coefficients of low-molecular-weight solutes by gel
      chromatography.
AB  - A chromatographic method for the determination of association constants of
      rapidly dissociable complexes is described and applied to quantification of
      liposome/saline partition coefficients using gel chromatography. The approach
      allows for estimation of the free solute concentration in the sample by simple
      manual processing of the intact right-hand part of the solute peak deformed due
      to gradual diffusion of the accumulated solute from the liposomes along the
      separation column. Validity of the procedure was confirmed by both reasonable
      agreement with equilibrium dialysis data and model-based deconvolution of the
      distorted peak into its two components corresponding to initially unbound
      compound and to that escaped from the liposomes during the separation process.

PMID- 3397499
TI  - [An in vitro study, in the human, of the relation between epididymal spermatozoa
      and the zona pellucida].
AB  - The ability of non capacitated human spermatozoa recovered from the caput, corpus
      and cauda epididymis, to bind the isologous or heterologous (rat) zona pellucida
      has been investigated. Experiments were performed with cold immobilized
      spermatozoa to avoid differences resulting from motility into the epididymis.
      Comparison with similar investigations in the ram (works and review of Fournier
      Delpech and Courot, 1987) lead to conclude that human spermatozoa are: 1) able to
      bind to the human zona in the proximal epididymis; 2) unable to recognize
      heterologous zona at any level of the epididymis. From this, a strict species
      specificity of the sperm-zona interactions exists in the proximal epididymis, in
      the human. By contrast, in the ram, sperm-zona binding develops in the epididymis
      iso- or hetero-specifically. Restricted species specificity appears in the
      ejaculate only. Data are in agreement with species specificity of gametes
      interactions in the human (Bedford, 1977). Such results could contribute to
      explain in vitro or in vivo fertilization with sperm originating from the middle
      epididymis (Temple-Smith et al., 1985; Soychsman and Bedford, 1986).

PMID- 3397498
TI  - [The role of Chlamydia trachomatis in the infectious etiology of extra-uterine
      pregnancy].
AB  - The study was carried out in two different hospital centres on a series of 55
      women who had ectopic pregnancies compared with 2 control groups. The study
      concerned taking samples from cells in the pelvis to culture for Chlamydia
      trachomatis and to estimate the levels of anti-Chlamydia antibodies. The cultures
      were positive in 30% of the cases and the serology was positive in 52% of the
      cases. This difference is significant when compared with the control groups (p
      less than 0.001). There was no significant statistical difference as far as
      positive cultures were concerned between the groups of women who had or had not
      had previous tubal infertility or a history of salpingitis. It seems that
      Chlamydia trachomatis can itself therefore be a direct cause for the development
      of an ectopic pregnancy.

PMID- 3397500
TI  - [Treatment of urogenital prolapse with exertion-induced urinary incontinence
      using the Bologna technic. Apropos of 90 cases].
AB  - The authors describe this operation, which is carried out as a single procedure
      which they have been doing since 1982. Then the results in 90 patients are
      studied. The post-operative controls carried out on the clinical state of the
      patient and on the urodynamic tests show that this operation is very successful,
      both in curing stress incontinence and in giving a good anatomical result for
      correcting prolapse of the anterior wall of the vagina. In over one-third of the
      cases the post-operative follow-up has been carried out for 2 years or more. This
      follow-up has shown that the relapse rate over a period of time, both for the
      stress incontinence and the prolapse, is nil. The principal snags that still
      remain are: post-operative infection in about a third of cases; the rare but
      possible development of an enterocele and of dyspareunia (2%).

PMID- 3397502
TI  - [Uterine surgery using an endoscopic approach].

PMID- 3397501
TI  - [Intra-uterine insemination with activated sperm. Results of conception compared
      in the various types of infertility in spouses].
AB  - A total of 180 infertile couples were treated with intra-uterine insemination of
      homologous capacitated sperm. The fertility disorder was: a cervical factor in 80
      couples (44.4%), a male factor in 68 others (37.8%) and unexplained infertility
      in 32 couples (17.8%). All the patients received ovarian stimulation with HMG,
      and with ultrasonographic monitoring. Insemination was performed when the
      diameter of the dominant follicle reached 18 mm, and HCG 5,000 UI was given on
      the same day; another insemination was performed 40 hours later if the dominant
      follicle was still present. The 0.5 ml insemination sample was prepared through a
      migration-capacitation procedure into Earles medium which yielded 15% of the
      total motile spermatozoa in the ejaculate. A total of 22 pregnancies were
      recorded (12% of the couples) in 659 therapeutic cycles; the results however
      differed according to the infertility disorder: 18.8% of pregnancies in the
      cervical factor group, 15.6% in the unexplained infertility group and 2.9% only
      in the male factor group. The lowest number of inseminated motile spermatozoa for
      pregnancy to occur was 0.4 million. A mild hyperstimulation syndrome was noted in
      28 cycles (3.1%); no complications of infectious or immunologic origin occurred.
      It appears that a procedure which results in a satisfactory pregnancy rate when
      the sperm is normal (cervical or unexplained infertility) yields poor
      conceptional results when the semen is abnormal. In cases where the male factor
      is predominant, intra-uterine insemination should not be performed in the
      periovulatory period but at ovulation time, and therefore requires either an
      accurate detection of the LH peak or complete hormonal and sonographic assessment
      in a stimulated cycle.

PMID- 3397503
TI  - [Hypothyroidism following maternal treatment with amiodarone].

PMID- 3397504
TI  - Changes to metabolite concentration in fetal sheep subjected to prolonged
      hypobaric hypoxia.
AB  - The effect of hypobaric hypoxaemia on the concentration of metabolic substrates
      in the ovine fetus and pregnant ewe with implanted vascular catheters, was
      investigated. At 120 to 141 days of gestation sheep were subjected to hypobaria
      (mean fetal carotid PO2 12.7 +/- 0.7 torr; n = 9) or normobaria (mean fetal
      carotid PO2 22.7 +/- 0.7 torr; n = 11; P less than 0.001). At 141 days gestation
      mean fetal weight was 3.46 +/- 0.72 kg in the hypobaric group compared to 4.15 +/
      0.51 in the normobaric group (P less than 0.05). Concentrations of glucose in
      maternal and fetal plasma and fructose in fetal plasma were similar in hypobaric
      and normobaric fetuses. The concentration of lactate in fetal plasma rose from
      1.68 +/- 1.34 to 8.79 +/- 5.8 mmol/l (P less than 0.001) within 24 h of onset of
      hypoxia, but fell to 3.36 +/- 1.13 mmol/l by day 3 of treatment, though still
      significantly above the concentration of lactate in the control fetuses (1.47 +/-
      0.47; P less than 0.001). There was no significant effect of hypoxia on the
      concentration of lactate or alanine in maternal plasma. Alanine concentration in
      the plasma of fetuses subjected to hypoxia significantly increased within 24 h of
      exposure (0.28 +/- 0.10 vs 0.58 +/- 0.39 mmol/l; P less than 0.01) and remained
      elevated for the duration of the study. There was no significant effect of
      gestational age on the concentration of metabolic substrates in either the
      control or experimental groups. Hypoxia is associated with a sustained rise in
      the concentration of plasma lactate and alanine in the fetus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3397505
TI  - Cerebral blood flow in the fetal guinea-pig.
AB  - To measure brain blood flow in the fetal guinea-pig, radioactive microspheres
      were injected in the lateral saphenous vein whilst a reference sample of blood
      was withdrawn from the right axillary artery. Measurements were made near term of
      pregnancy, on the 60th-66th day, during anaesthesia with pentobarbitone and
      diazepam. Fetal blood pressure was 4.25 +/- 0.12 kPa and fetal heart rate was 250
      +/- 7 beats per min. The arterial oxygen content varied between 1.9-5.1 mmol 1(
      1). Blood flow to the whole brain (mean 1.13 +/- 0.14 ml min-1 g-1) was
      significantly correlated to the reciprocal of arterial oxygen content (r = 0.84).
      Four regions of the brain were examined: the cerebral hemispheres, the
      cerebellum, the thalamus and midbrain, and the pons and medulla. In each region
      blood flow was inversely related to arterial oxygen content (r = 0.80-0.83) but
      the rate of perfusion of the brain stem was greater than that of the cerebral
      hemispheres or cerebellum.

PMID- 3397506
TI  - Effects of hypoxaemia and hypercapnia on breathing movements and sleep state in
      sinoaortic-denervated fetal sheep.
AB  - The role of the systemic arterial chemoreceptors in regulating breathing
      movements was determined in 7 chronically catheterized fetal sheep with carotid
      denervation and vagal section. Fetal hypoxaemia (delta PaO2 = -11.4 +/- 0.6 mmHg)
      decreased significantly the incidence of rapid-eye-movements (control = 26 +/-
      1.5 min/h; hypoxia = 12 +/- 2.6 min/h, P less than 0.001) and breathing activity
      (control = 18 +/- 1.0 min/h; hypoxia = 8 +/- 1.1 min/h, P less than 0.001).
      However, the lag in onset of inhibition (approximately 8 min) was significantly
      greater (P less than 0.05) than for normal fetuses. The incidence of low voltage
      electrocortical activity was not affected. Hypercapnia (delta PaCO2 = 9.5 +/- 1.1
      mmHg) increased significantly the incidence of rapid-eye-movements and breathing
      activity. Hypercapnia also increased the mean amplitude of breathing activity and
      reduced the average breath interval. Rapid-eye-movements and breathing activity
      were depressed significantly by hypoxaemic hypercapnia. These observations
      suggest that hypoxic inhibition does not require afferent activity from the
      aortic or carotid bodies nor from other chemoreflexes mediated by the vagus.
      However, such peripheral input may be responsible for a more rapid onset of
      inhibition in normal fetuses.

PMID- 3397507
TI  - Changes in renal function following delivery of the lamb by caesarean section.
AB  - Six lambs were delivered by caesarean section at 139 to 145 days of gestation.
      Birth was associated with a rise in glomerular filtration rate from 4.81 +/- 0.62
      to 5.90 +/- 0.74 ml/min and a transient natriuresis secondary to a fall in
      fractional sodium reabsorption from 93.1 +/- 3.94 to 88.3 +/- 2.29%. This study
      indicates that in the immediate postnatal period, glomerulotubular balance is
      disturbed.

PMID- 3397508
TI  - Face mask application for calibration of respiratory inductive plethysmography in
      lambs.
AB  - Respiratory inductive plethysmography is a non-invasive method of assessing
      breathing patterns that requires an airway connection for calibration. In
      previous studies an endotracheal tube was used to establish this connection. We
      employed a single position graphic calibration technique for gain calculation
      using a conical face mask in place of the endotracheal tube, thus eliminating the
      need for sedation and topical anaesthesia. Thirteen studies were completed on
      seven lambs. Validation of gains was performed by comparing volumes obtained
      simultaneously by respiratory inductive plethysmography and integrated
      pneumotachography. Total study time ranged between 5 and 10 min for each
      calibration procedure. Our results suggest that the conical mask can be used to
      perform accurate and time-efficient calibration of the respiratory inductive
      plethysmograph in the spontaneously breathing non-sedated lamb and eliminates the
      need for endotracheal intubation.

PMID- 3397509
TI  - Studies on the growth of the fetal sheep. Effects of surgical reduction in
      placental size, or experimental manipulation of uterine blood flow on plasma
      sulphation promoting activity and on the concentration of insulin-like growth
      factors I and II.
AB  - The effect of long- and short-term manipulations of uterine blood flow on fetal
      plasma levels of IGF-I and -II have been studied in sheep at days 125-139 of
      pregnancy and compared with those in near term rats and guinea pig. The primary
      objective is to show that both long- and short-term reduction of uterine blood
      flow is associated with increase in the fetal plasma concentration of IGF-II
      while that of IGF-I falls. In the pregnant sheep long-term depression of utero
      placental blood flow was caused by surgical reduction in placental mass
      (carunclectomy) prior to conception. This reduced fetal weight to 2.42 +/- 0.49
      kg (SD) compared with 3.41 +/- 0.46 in controls; the respective values for
      uterine blood flow being 1694 +/- 558 and 913 +/- 324 ml/min respectively. This
      was associated with a fall in fetal plasma IGF-I concentration from 22.6 +/- 3.4
      ng/ml to 14.9 +/- 1.31 ng/ml and a rise in IGF-II from 1952 +/- 284 ng/ml to 3360
      +/- 914 ng/ml respectively. Similar changes in the plasma concentrations of IGF
      peptides were observed in fetal rats and guinea pigs in response to uterine
      artery ligation. Short-term reduction (60 min) of the uterine blood flow was
      caused either by compression of the common uterine artery to depress flow from
      1491 +/- 375 to 648 +/- 216 ml/min or through intraarterial infusion of
      adrenaline at 35 ug/min to lower flow from 1628 +/- 339 to 1195 +/- 128 ml/min.
      Such falls in uterine blood flow had no significant effect on fetal plasma IGF-I
      levels but increased IGF-II levels by 30 to 60%.

PMID- 3397510
TI  - Observations on the infectivity and fecundity of Schistosoma curassoni from
      Senegal in albino mice.
AB  - An average of 11% of adult Schistosoma curassoni were recovered from 200 albino
      mice which had been infected subcutaneously with 150-250 cercariae. Worms were
      primarily found in the portal veins. The average number of intrauterine eggs per
      female during the first 100 days p.i. was 13 and the average number of eggs
      produced per female worm was 103 per day for the first 60 days post oviposition.
      The majority of eggs were recovered from the liver (98.3%). The oograms were
      determined until day 95 p.i. For screening of antischistosomal drugs it is
      recommended not to use infections older than 60 d.p.i.

PMID- 3397512
TI  - Specific cross-immunity between Hymenolepis nana and H. diminuta: immunization
      with heterologous and homologous light infections.
AB  - The consequences of previous and concurrent infection with two related species of
      cestodes, Hymenolepis nana and H. diminuta, were studied in CD1 mice. A H.
      diminuta infection strongly affected the establishment and the survival of a
      secondary H. nana egg or cyst infection administered 30 days later. An infection
      of 20 H. nana eggs strongly protected against a 5-cyst H. diminuta challenge,
      whereas an infection of 10 H. nana cysts was ineffective; 20 H. nana eggs also
      protected against a challenge with 5 cysts of H. diminuta administered 5 days
      later. No effects were observed in either parasite during a concurrent infection
      established by administration of cysts. An H. nana egg-infection was unable to
      affect the establishment of a secondary H. nana cyst-infection given 1 month
      later; however a significant decrease in growth was found. Similar results were
      found when a primary H. nana egg-infection was followed 5 days later by the
      homologous cyst-infection. But an infection with 5 H. nana cysts was unable to
      protect against a homologous challenge of 5 cysts or 200 eggs. The reciprocal
      cross immunity between the heterologous parasites and the failure of protection
      of homologous challenges are discussed in relation to light infections.

PMID- 3397511
TI  - Differential recoveries from faecal cultures of larvae of some gastro-intestinal
      nematodes of cattle.
AB  - Faecal cultures were established using bovine faeces containing known numbers of
      eggs from either Oesophagostomum radiatum, Haemonchus placei, Cooperia pectinata
      or a mixture of all three. A substantially greater percentage of larvae was
      recovered from cultures of O. radiatum and C. pectinata than was recovered from
      cultures of H. placei. The same pattern was observed in mixed cultures although
      yields of larvae from all species in mixed cultures were significantly reduced (p
      less than 0.001). The lower recovery of H. placei was not associated with a lower
      viability of H. placei eggs. Of the three different methods of harvesting larvae,
      the jar and mesh recovery technique was the least effective and significantly
      fewer larvae were recovered with this technique than with the Baermann and
      inversion techniques (p less than 0.05). The results are discussed with reference
      to the use of faecal culture and larval differentiation in the diagnosis of mixed
      species nematode infections of cattle.

PMID- 3397513
TI  - Prevalence of hydatid in buffaloes in India and report of a severe liver
      infection.
AB  - Of 3200 buffaloes examined at Bareilly abattoir 915 (28.6%) were positive for
      hydatidosis. The hydatid infected organs were lungs (60%), liver (32%), spleen
      (4%), kidneys (2%), heart (0.9%) and brain (0.1%). The number of hydatid cysts
      encountered in lungs of an individual buffalo was 1-9 and 1-7 in liver. One
      buffalo liver showed severe hepatomegaly, cirrhosis and had an exceptionally high
      number of hydatid cysts. Infectivity studies in pups showed 16-29 per cent worm
      establishment with the presence of shelled eggs within the uterus of the parasite
      on day 45 post-infection.

PMID- 3397514
TI  - Humoral and cellular response to infection with Echinostoma revolutum in the
      golden hamster, Mesocricetus auratus.
AB  - Laboratory hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) were infected with Echinostoma
      revolutum (Trematoda). Immunoelectrophoretic studies of hamster serum showed no
      demonstrable antibody response to E. revolutum. Histopathologic examination of
      intestinal tissue of infected hamsters showed erosion of intestinal villi and
      lymphocytic infiltration as the primary host response. Spleens from infected
      hamsters were hyperplastic during the first 3 weeks of infection and atrophic
      from 4 to 8 weeks postinfection. Hamsters were unable to acquire a resistance to
      E. revolutum infection. Lack of resistance was demonstrated in hamsters where the
      parasite infection was no longer detected based on the absence of eggs in the
      faeces; these hamsters were then reinfected. Hamsters treated with the
      anthelmintic oxyclozanide were also reinfected with E. revolutum.

PMID- 3397515
TI  - The cercarial output from three Nigerian bulinids infected with two strains of
      Schistosoma haematobium.
AB  - The daily cercarial output of two Nigerian strains of Schistosoma haematobium in
      sympatric Bulinus truncatus, B. globosus and B. senegalensis was measured at
      weekly intervals from the start of emission to the snails' death. In all cases
      cercariae were released throughout the life of the host, with no cases of "self
      cure". Patterns of output through the course of infections in B. truncatus and B.
      senegalensis were similar to those reported for S. haematobium by other workers,
      with daily production of cercariae rising to a peak within a few weeks of the
      onset of shedding, then declining until the host's death. In the longer lived B.
      globosus production was significantly higher, but declined to very low levels
      after the initial peak; in some individuals cercarial output remained very low,
      while others showed a second period of high cercarial emission. The relative
      compatibility of each host-parasite combination is discussed.

PMID- 3397516
TI  - Scanning electron microscope studies of miracidia suggest introgressive
      hybridization between Schistosoma haematobium and S. haematobium x S. mattheei in
      the Eastern Transvaal.
AB  - Schistosoma haematobium miracidia were collected from a locality with a high
      prevalence of human infection with the animal parasite, S. mattheei, which
      hybridizes with S. haematobium, and from 2 localities with negligible infection
      rates. The terebratoria of the miracidia from these localities were compared with
      each other, with laboratory maintained S. haematobium and with four populations
      of S. mattheei by means of scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the
      terebratorial membrane of certain of the S. haematobium miracidia from the
      locality with a high S. mattheei prevalence in humans, resembled the more
      intricate membrane of S. mattheei. This suggests introgressive hybridization
      between S. haematobium and S. haematobium x S. mattheei.

PMID- 3397517
TI  - Identification of life cycle stages of the nematode Echinocephalus overstreeti by
      allozyme electrophoresis.
AB  - Data presented in this study highlight the potential of allozyme electrophoresis
      in providing unequivocal genetic evidence for the identification of life cycle
      stages, particularly where species have complex life cycles. Adults of the
      nematode Echinocephalus overstreeti parasitize the elasmobranch Heterodontus
      portusjacksoni. The putative larval form which is morphologically dissimilar is
      found in two species of marine molluscs, Chlamys bifrons and Pecten albus.
      Electrophoretic analysis indicated that the adult and larval forms shared alleles
      at all of the 34 enzyme loci established. Furthermore, there were no fixed
      allelic differences between larval forms from different mollusc species.

PMID- 3397518
TI  - Host age and the growth and fecundity of Hymenolepis diminuta in the rat.
AB  - Five, 20, and 80 cysticercoid infections of Hymenolepis diminuta were established
      in 1-, 2- and 5-month-old male Wistar rats. Worm numbers, dry weights and egg
      outputs were determined on day 28 post infection. Worm recovery was found to be
      independent of cysticercoid dose in 1-month-old rats, but density-dependent in
      older rats. Density dependence affected both worm dry weight and egg production
      in all 3 age classes of host studied. However, at the highest dose both dry
      weight and egg production were significantly decreased in 2- and 5-month-old rats
      compared with 1-month-old rats. The results cannot be explained solely in terms
      of competition for a resource, and suggest that immunological mechanisms may have
      an important role in the "crowding effect".

PMID- 3397519
TI  - Ascorbic acid levels in the proglottides of four species of cestode parasites of
      mammals and birds in relation to their sexual maturity.
AB  - Ascorbic acid levels were found to be closely related to different stages of
      growth and maturity of Avitellina centripunctata, Moniezia expansa, and Stilesia
      globipunctata from goats and sheep and of Raillietina echinobothrida from fowl.
      The ascorbic acid level in avian parasites was higher than that in mammalian. The
      level was highest in immature proglottides and lowest in gravid proglottides.

PMID- 3397521
TI  - The perception of visual ambiguous figures in schizophrenia and Parkinson's
      disease.
AB  - The frequency of reversal and dominance of aspect of three versions of an
      ambiguous Schroder staircase were studied in patients with a diagnosis of either
      schizophrenia or Parkinson's Disease (PD), and in a mixed group of psychiatric
      patients before and after prolonged neuroleptic therapy. It was found that
      schizophrenics perceived the staircases from above for significantly less time,
      and had a (nonsignificant) tendency to have more reversals than controls. PD
      patients saw the staircases from above for significantly more time, and also had
      (nonsignificantly) more reversals than controls. In the psychiatric patients,
      long term neuroleptic therapy had no significant effect on either reversal rate
      or dominance of aspect. When the contrast and the luminance of the stimulus were
      manipulated, normal subjects reported significantly less reversals and
      significantly increased dominance of the superior aspect when the contrast of the
      stimulus was reduced. Changing the luminance had no significant effect. The
      implications of these results for visual abnormalities in schizophrenia and
      Parkinson's Disease are discussed.

PMID- 3397520
TI  - Carbamazepine in rapid cycling bipolar affective disorder.
AB  - Eighteen patients with rapid cycling bipolar affective disorder were recruited
      for an open trial of carbamazepine. Of these patients all but 2 had been
      resistant to lithium prophylaxis. Twelve of the patients were able to complete at
      least 6 months on carbamazepine. Of these 12 patients, 2 had a complete remission
      of their affective disorders on carbamazepine alone, 2 completely responded to
      combined lithium and carbamazepine treatment, 3 had a slight beneficial effect
      from the drug, and for the other 5 patients carbamazepine was of no therapeutic
      benefit. This suggests that, while carbamazepine is effective for some rapid
      cycling patients, for the majority alternative treatment strategies are still
      required.

PMID- 3397522
TI  - Cortisol, prolactin and growth hormone levels with clinical ratings in manic
      patients treated with verapamil.
AB  - Six bipolar patients in a manic episode were treated with the calcium antagonist
      verapamil. A decrease in the level of psychopathology was noted in 5 of the 6,
      though there was a tendency for patients to relapse in the third week of
      treatment. Cortisol levels decreased steadily with clinical improvement while
      growth hormone levels tended to rise. In contrast to traditional antipsychotics
      verapamil did not alter prolactin levels. Its neuroendocrine profile suggests its
      therapeutic effects are not mediated by dopamine receptor blockade.

PMID- 3397523
TI  - An investigation of the effects of lofepramine, nomifensine, amitriptyline and
      placebo on aspects of memory and psychomotor performance related to car driving.
AB  - Ten healthy, female volunteers took part in a double-blind, placebo-controlled
      study to investigate the effects of lofepramine 70 mg, lofepramine 140 mg,
      nomifensine 100 mg, amitriptyline 50 mg and placebo on psychomotor performance
      related to driving. One subject failed to complete the study for reasons
      unrelated to the medications. Each subject received each of the treatments in
      random order at weekly intervals and was then assessed for psychomotor
      performance, sedation and quality of sleep. Amitriptyline 50 mg served as a
      positive control producing results consistent with its known sedative properties.
      In contrast, lofepramine 70 mg and 140 mg and nomifensine 100 mg were generally
      free from any significant effect on psychomotor performance.

PMID- 3397525
TI  - Long-term study on workers occupationally exposed to ethylbenzene.
AB  - Ethylbenzene is synthesized from benzene; subject to catalytic dehydrogenation it
      yields styrene, a raw material for the production of synthetic rubber and
      plastics. Long-term biomonitoring of occupational ethylbenzene exposures, carried
      out in the past 20 years in some 200 ethylbenzene-production workers, revealed
      this substance to pose little hazard to human health. As it turned out, mandelic
      acid concentrations in these workers' urine never exceeded 3.25 mmol.l-1 and none
      of the exposed showed damage to hematopoiesis and/or liver tissue. Over the last
      10 years no case of malignancy has been recorded in this industrial facility
      belonging to a larger chemical complex where the overall incidence of cancer is
      about 3 times the national average. Today's low-level ethylbenzene exposures
      would make it fully justifiable if the present-day MAC limits, both whole-shift
      (200 mg.m-3) and peak (1,000 mg.m-3), were to be halved, i.e. to be lowered to
      100 mg.m3 and 500 mg.m3 respectively. These newly recommended limit values are no
      more exceeded nowadays.

PMID- 3397524
TI  - Methaqualone.
AB  - Methaqualone is considered a sedative hypnotic drug with a pattern of
      pharmacological effects similar to those of barbiturates such as pentobarbital.
      It does have chemical similarities to the barbiturates but was, in fact,
      synthesized as part of an Indian program looking for antimalarial drugs (Brown
      and Goenechea, 1973). Methaqualone was selected for the focus of this study five
      years ago, because of its popularity as a euphoriant among casual recreational
      drug users in the Boston area. Methaqualone, instead of a barbiturate hypnotic,
      was therefore used to test our proposed methodology for the assessment of the
      abuse liability of sedative drugs. As one reviews the history of the clinical use
      and illicit abuse of methaqualone, it appears particularly unfortunate that a
      study of this sort was neither completed nor available to our Food and Drug
      Administration (FDA) and Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) in 1965. It was at this
      time that the drug was approved for prescription use and placed in Schedule V, a
      schedule which essentially places no restrictions on the clinical use of a
      prescription drug (Falco, 1976). This paper will both review the development of
      methaqualone and present an experimental methodology for assessing its abuse
      liability under seminaturalistic conditions.

PMID- 3397526
TI  - Effect of levamisole and etimisole on the development of experimental allergic
      encephalomeylitis.
AB  - A single subcutaneous inoculation with 0.02 mg of heterologous myelin basic
      protein (MBP) in combination with Freund's complete adjuvant resulted in clinical
      and histological manifestations of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE)
      in 80-90% of treated guinea pigs. Daily parenteral administration of levamisole
      and etimisole during the latent period produced a suppressive effect on EAE
      development, reducing morbidity and mortality rates and preventing
      pathomorphological changes in the CNS. Animals receiving the drugs had decreased
      delayed hypersensitivity reactions to MBP in vitro. Etimisole brought about a
      moderate decline in the formation of circulating anti-MBP antibodies, while
      levamisole did not affect the strength of the humoral response, something which
      confirmed the primary role of cell-mediated immune reactions in the CNS
      demyelinization process. The reported findings may be significant in developing
      therapeutic strategies with respect to demyelinization diseases.

PMID- 3397527
TI  - Distribution and excretion of 74As and 75Se in rats after their simultaneous
      administration. The effect of arsenic, selenium and combined pretreatment.
AB  - The exposure of man to isolated toxic agent in the environment is rather a rare
      phenomenon. Therefore the study of a combined action of toxic substances is of
      increasing importance. The excretion and distribution of 74As (500 micrograms
      As.kg-1 b.wt.; Na74AsO2) and 75Se (525 micrograms Se.kg-1 b.wt.; Na275SeO3) was
      studied in rats after their separate and simultaneous i.v. injections. After
      simultaneous administration urinary as well as biliary excretion of 75Se and
      urinary excretion of 74As was increased in comparison with that in animals
      injected the radionuclides separately. Simultaneous administration of 74As and
      75Se decreased concentration of 75Se in liver and increased concentration of 74As
      in kidney. In rats drinking water containing As (III) (0.66 mmol.l-1), Se(IV)
      (0.13 mmol.l-1) or combination As(III) + Se(IV) (at the same concentrations) for
      7 or 28 days was studied the excretion and distribution of 74As and 75Se after
      their simultaneous i.v. injection (at the same concentrations and labelled
      compounds as mentioned above). The pretreatment with one element or with the
      combination of both elements significantly modified the distribution and
      excretion of subsequently administered 74As and 75Se.

PMID- 3397528
TI  - On the epidemiology and etiology of pneumonia in adults.
AB  - In a group of 74 hospitalized patients with the diagnosis of acute infectious
      pneumonia, the etiological contribution of viral and bacterial agents is analyzed
      in cases of clarified etiology and an assessment is made of the relationship
      between the explained etiology and the overall epidemiological situation.
      Etiology was clarified in 36 patients (48.6%). Viral and bacterial etiology was
      confirmed in 13.3% and 39.8% of the entire group respectively. In three cases,
      mixed viral and bacterial infection was reported. Most prominent among the viral
      agents were herpes simplex, parainfluenza, respiratory syncytial and influenza
      type B viruses. As far as the bacterial agents were concerned, the species most
      frequently isolated were Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae and a
      variety of Enterobacteriaceae. The relationship between the overall
      epidemiological situation and pneumonia etiology is discussed as well as the
      relevance of the diagnostic methods employed.

PMID- 3397529
TI  - Frequency of nosocomial infections as revealed by a prevalence survey.
AB  - In 1984, a prevalence survey based on the methodology, definitions and criteria
      meeting the WHO requirements was carried out in the Czech Socialist Republic.
      This prevalence study on a total of 12,260 hospital patients revealed 751 active
      cases of nosocomial infection (NI). The conclusions emerging from an
      epidemiological analysis of the collected NI patient records were as follows: 60%
      of all infections were acquired on the surgical services, predominantly on the
      surgery service; 60% of those who developed NI were persons over 50 years of age;
      hospital-associated infections afflicted 366 males and 385 females; the ratio of
      infections acquired prior to hospital presentation to those originating while in
      hospital care was about 4:1, with a tendency to vary depending on type of
      hospital service; the urinary tract was the most frequent site of infection
      (25%), followed by surgical wounds (15%) and upper respiratory tract (13%); 17%
      of NI patients contracted the infection in spite of preventive doses of
      antimicrobials, 28% of NI patients received no antimicrobial prophylaxis; among
      the 78% (589 out of 751) of patients examined bacteriologically, 46% of
      infections were caused by Gram-negative rods, 19% by staphylococci, 7% by
      streptococci and 6% by Pseudomonas aeruginosa; 22% of NI patients were not
      examined for the pathogen. The prevalence survey methodology turned out to be
      useful as a tool for detecting the immediate magnitude of the NI problem, but can
      also be used as a control method.

PMID- 3397530
TI  - Staphylococcus aureus at a maternity ward. II. Characterization of isolates by
      enterotoxigenicity and toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST-1) production.
AB  - Tests for enterotoxins A, B, C, D, E and TSST-1 production were carried out on
      775 S. aureus strains isolated from various sources (50 mothers and neonates
      studied periodically, mothers and infants treated for various acute inflammatory
      conditions, members of hospital staff, environmental swabs) during the period
      1981-1983 at a maternity ward chosen for a 3-year systematic study and on
      additional 97 isolates obtained in 1985 from another maternity ward. This had
      contributed to a better classification of strains within certain phage type
      groups. It was found that the distribution of S. aureus types in the particular
      sub-sets varied, depending on the source of isolates. At the maternity ward
      followed for 3 years there was a clear-cut trend towards the spread of phage
      untypable isolates producing enterotoxin C whereas at ward examined for
      comparative purposes B enterotoxin producers of phage type 95 were predominant.
      The tests for enterotoxigenicity has also proved to be useful as the
      epidemiological marker characterizing the predominantly circulating S. aureus
      strain. It has been confirmed that the majority role in the spread of maternity
      ward-staphylococci is played by the neonates and the factors of hospital
      environment.

PMID- 3397531
TI  - Early endosteal bone response to incorporated plutonium-238 in mice.
AB  - Ten Swiss albino ICR SPF female mice 110 days old (weight about 30 g) were
      exposed for 48 hours to a solution of plutonium-238 nitrate (spec. act. 5 MBq/1
      m1, pH 2.7) injected in amounts of 0.01 ml into the popliteal area of the right
      femur, each thus receiving about 500 kBq per 30 g body weight. Of the injected
      activity, 50% was retained in the right femur, 2% in the left femur and
      approximately 2-3% in the excrements collected separately from each animal during
      the whole exposure period. Ultrastructurally, electron micrographs revealed a
      variety of changes, including hypertrophy and destruction of endosteal cell
      organelles (primary damage), deformation and hypertrophy of osteocytes (secondary
      damage) and the irregularities in the osteocyte self-burial process leading to an
      abnormal formation of bone tissue structure (tertiary damage). Qualitatively,
      these changes in the irradiated bone ultrastructure were analogous to those
      occurring with age. This was confirmed by comparing two groups of control mice
      110 and 330 days old. Assessed quantitatively, changes due to irradiation were
      more pronounced than those associated with aging.

PMID- 3397532
TI  - Investigation of hemolytic activity of leptospirae on solid culture media.
AB  - Results of investigation of hemolytic activity of leptospirae against red blood
      cells of various animal species on solid culture media using the technique of
      agar layers are presented. It has been shown that hemolytic properties of
      pathogenic and saprophytic leptospirae differ with respect to red blood cells of
      the sheep, the rabbit, the hamster, the albino rat and the albino mouse.
      Hemolytic activity of leptospirae regarding the erythrocytes of the cattle, the
      horse and the fowl depends on the strain of leptospirae. The advantage of using
      solid nutrient media for the determination of hemolytic properties of leptospirae
      in comparison with liquid media has been demonstrated.

PMID- 3397533
TI  - Fatty acids as resource of carbon for leptospirae.
AB  - The effect of saturated (palmitic, stearic, myristic) and unsaturated (oleic)
      fatty acids on the proliferation of Leptospirae was studied. Proliferation of the
      saprophytic strains G-45, K-1028 (serovar not identified) and of the pathogenic
      strain VGNKI-3 (serovar canicola) of Leptospirae was obtained on a serum-free
      medium with the addition of saturated fatty acids. The unsaturated oleic acid at
      relatively high concentrations (0.5 mg/ml) suppresses proliferation of these
      spirochetes. It has been demonstrated that the variants used in the experiment
      can be utilized for the study of nutritional requirements of Leptospirae and
      their metabolism.

PMID- 3397534
TI  - Massive proteinuria induced in rats by a single intravenous injection of a
      monoclonal antibody.
AB  - A single i.v. injection of a mAb 5-1-6 to rats was found to cause massive though
      transient proteinuria. This mAb 5-1-6, IgG1 was produced by immunization of
      BALB/c mice with collagenase-treated Wistar rat glomeruli and was highly organ
      and species specific. Immunoelectron microscopy using immunoperoxidase with the
      avidin-biotin complex and immunogold staining indicated mAb 5-1-6 to bind in
      vitro to the surface of glomerular epithelial foot processes, mainly to slit
      diaphragms. The recognized antigenic molecule was not susceptible to
      neuraminidase treatment and its Mr was about 51 kDa by immunoprecipitation. A one
      shot i.v. injection of this mAb induced proteinuria in rats starting immediately,
      reaching the peak on day 8 (mean value of 150 mg/24 h), then gradually decreasing
      to normal level on day 18. The in vivo localization of administrated mAb 5-1-6
      changed with time. Linear binding along glomerular capillary walls was observed 2
      h after injection. However, 3 days later, it partially shifted to a fine granular
      pattern. The linear pattern disappeared and the size as well as intensity of the
      fluorescent granules decreased on day 12 to trace positive on day 18.
      Immunoelectron microscopy revealed the binding pattern of in vivo injected mAb 5
      1-6 after 2 h to be similar to that in vitro. Three days later, injected mAb was
      observed within multivesicular bodies in glomerular epithelial cells as well as
      along the surface of foot processes and around slit diaphragms. Twelve days after
      injection, mAb along the surface of the foot processes and around slit diaphragms
      decreased but those in multivesicular bodies were observed more frequently. Rat
      IgG and C3 could not be detected throughout the period of observation. No
      histologic abnormalities were noted except for partial retraction of epithelial
      foot processes at the peak of proteinuria on day 8. This mAb thus provides a
      valuable means for examining the mechanism of proteinuria.

PMID- 3397535
TI  - Evidence for a C4b binding site on the C2b domain of C2.
AB  - We raised murine mAb against human C protein C2. The representative mAb 3A3.3
      (IgG1 kappa) recognized an epitope on the C2b domain of C2, as determined by
      binding and inhibition of binding radioassays. The hemolytic activity of purified
      human C2 and of C2 in normal human serum was inhibited by the mAb. The rate of
      decay of the C3-convertase at 30 degrees C was not affected by the mAb. C2
      binding to EAC4b was inhibited by intact IgG and the Fab fragment of the mAb; 50%
      inhibition required 1 microgram/ml of either. The data suggest the presence of a
      C4b-binding site on the C2b domain of C2 and that the mAb recognizes an epitope
      at, or adjacent to, this site. The C2b portion of the C2 molecule may be
      important in assembly of the classical pathway C3-convertase.

PMID- 3397536
TI  - Biosynthesis of paf-acether factor-acether by human skin fibroblasts in vitro.
AB  - The synthesis and release of paf-acether by fibroblasts from normal human skin
      was investigated in vitro. When fibroblasts in suspension (1 X 10(6) cells) were
      stimulated with 2 microM Ca1+ ionophore A23187 (Io), they synthesized a material
      that aggregated aspirin-treated washed rabbit platelets and was identified as paf
      because 1) the platelet aggregation it induced was inhibited by BN 52021, an
      antagonist of paf putative receptors; 2) the factor was inactivated by
      phospholipase A2 but was insensitive to lipase from Rhizopus arrhizus; 3) it
      exhibited the same retention time as synthetic paf during standard and reverse
      phase HPLC elution. Paf production by fibroblasts occurred as soon as the first
      min of Io stimulation (287 +/- 92 pg/1 X 10(6) cells), reached a maximum at 5 min
      (369 +/- 85 pg/1 X 10(6) cells) and decreased thereafter. Half of the fibroblast
      produced paf was recovered in supernatants. Addition of exogenous 1-O-alkyl-sn
      glycero-3-phosphocholine (lyso-paf) at 0.1 microM and/or acetyl-coenzyme A at 0.1
      mM to fibroblasts during Io stimulation enhanced paf production by two- and three
      fold, respectively. The paf precursors, i.e., 1-O-alkyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3
      phosphocholine (1-alkyl-2-acyl-GPC) and lyso-paf, were detected in fibroblasts
      either stimulated with Io or not. These precursors exhibited 80% hexadecyl and
      20% octadecyl chains at the sn-1 position of the molecules, as determined by
      reverse phase HPLC and gas chromatography analysis. The present results are the
      first to demonstrate the synthesis and release of paf by fibroblasts from normal
      human skin. Such production within the dermis might account for the development
      of cutaneous inflammation and for the pathogenesis of many skin disorders.

PMID- 3397537
TI  - Protective role of IgE in immunocompromised rat toxoplasmosis.
AB  - In contrast to euthymic adult Fischer rats, immunocompromised Nu/Nu animals
      develop a lethal infection when inoculated with the RH strain of the protozoan
      Toxoplasma gondii. However, a significant period of survival is obtained when
      Nu/Nu rats are passively transferred with sera from 28-day infected Fischer +/+
      (euthymic) animals. Specific IgE are involved since IgE-depleted sera are unable
      to afford such a protection. Only excreted/secreted Ag or living tachyzoites are
      able to induce a significant protective IgE response in intact animals. In
      addition, platelets or, to a lesser extent, eosinophil-rich populations from
      Toxoplasma infected or excreted-secreted Ag-immunized euthymic animals bear
      surface IgE and are cytotoxic for the parasite in vitro. Also, adoptive transfer
      of immune platelets confers a significant degree of protection to Toxoplasma
      infected Nu/Nu animals. Our results clearly show the key role of Ag present in
      both living parasites and excreted-secreted Ag to induce, in this model, a
      protective IgE response. In addition, as in other parasitic infections, platelets
      and probably eosinophils are the effector cells involved in controlling parasitic
      dissemination during Toxoplasma infection in immunocompromised rats.

PMID- 3397538
TI  - Autoantigenic germ cells exist outside the blood testis barrier.
AB  - Preleptotene spermatocytes and spermatogonia are germ cells located outside the
      blood-testis barrier provided by the Sertoli cells. These cells have been found
      to express autoantigens accessible to circulating antibodies. Mice immunized with
      syngeneic testis with or without bacterial adjuvant had detectable IgG on cells
      at the periphery of seminiferous tubules. Sera from orchiectomized but not from
      testes-intact mice immunized with testis and adjuvants readily transferred
      similar IgG deposits to testes of normal recipients. When testis-specific
      antisera from orchiectomized mice and testis-intact mice were compared for their
      reactivity on prepuberal testicular cells, serum from orchiectomized donors had
      significantly higher reactivity. Ig was eluted from IgG-positive testes with acid
      buffer and was shown to be highly enriched in antibody to prepuberal testicular
      cells, confirming the Ag-specific nature of the IgG deposits. The testis IgG
      deposits reacted with antisera to IgG1 and IgG3 but not IgG2a or IgG2b. This
      finding can explain lack of association of C3 in the deposits. Only 30 to 40% of
      seminiferous tubules had IgG deposits and they coincided with stages 7 to 12 of
      the spermatogenic cycle. Thus, the expression of the autoantigens is stage
      specific. The in situ formation of immune complexes by circulating autoantibodies
      demonstrates conclusively that testis autoantigens are not completely
      sequestered, and the blood-testis barrier as an immunologic barrier is
      incomplete.

PMID- 3397539
TI  - Isolation and partial characterization of a fibroblast-activating factor
      generated by U-937 human monocytic leukocytes.
AB  - Human cultured monocyte-like tumor cells of the U-937 line, that are incubated
      for 24 h at 37 degrees C with 100 ng/ml of PMA, generate and release a fibroblast
      activating factor (FAF) capable of enhancing the uptake of [3H]TdR by human
      dermal fibroblasts in vitro. The predominant FAF activity in unpurified
      supernatants from U-937 cells was associated with one protein of 16 to 18 kDa, as
      assessed by SDS-PAGE and pI 4 to 5, as determined by IEF in gel. Isolation of the
      FAF in 15-liter batches of supernatant from cultures of 1.5 x 10(10) PMA
      stimulated U-937 cells by ammonium sulfate precipitation and sequential
      filtration on Sephadex G-50, anion exchange chromatography, and reversed phase
      HPLC yielded microgram quantities of a homogeneous protein of sufficient purity
      for structural studies. Purified FAF was not absorbed by affinity columns bearing
      antisera to IL-1 beta, TNF or basic fibroblast growth factor die not share any
      tryptic peptides with IL-1 alpha or acidic fibroblast growth factor when analyzed
      by two-dimensional electrophoresis/chromatography on cellulose thin-layer plates,
      and has an amino-terminal sequence of amino acids that is different from any
      known fibroblast growth factor. FAF thus represents a unique human monocyte
      derived protein that selectively stimulates human fibroblast proliferation and
      other functions.

PMID- 3397541
TI  - Aging of the murine immune system is reflected by declining ability to generate
      antibodies that promote elimination of Trypanosoma musculi.
AB  - Trypanosoma musculi established extracellular infections in aged BC3F1 and
      C57BL/6 mice that were approximately 10 times greater and twice as long in
      duration as those in young adult mice. Elimination of T. musculi infections was
      found to be an antibody-dependent, cell-mediated process involving effector
      (presumably phagocytic) cells in the liver and, to a lesser extent, the spleen. A
      major difference between young and aged mice of the C57BL/6 strain was the
      deficiency in the ability of aged animals to generate antibodies of appropriate
      specificity and/or isotype in sufficient amount to promote trypanosome
      elimination. Indeed, at the time when infected young-adult mice began to produce
      antibodies that facilitated rapid trypanosome clearance (in young adult, but not
      in aged animals), the serum of aged mice was found to contain substances that
      inhibited parasite clearance. Overall, however, the development of antibodies of
      different isotypes, capable of reacting with intact trypanosomes, was about the
      same in young and aged animals. Hepatic and splenic effector cells of old mice
      were at least as efficient as those of young adults. The immunoblotting procedure
      was used to try to detect trypanosome Ag against which aged animals failed to
      generate antibodies of one or more isotypes. The complexity of the reactions of
      infected mouse serum antibodies with the spectrum of trypanosome Ag precluded a
      precise analysis. However, it was apparent that a delay in the appearance of
      antibodies of IgG2a and IgG2b isotypes, against Ag of relatively high m.w., was
      typical of aged, in comparison to young, mice. More exacting analyses, involving
      fractionated trypanosome extracts and mAb of varying isotypes, are underway to
      identify key trypanosome Ag that elicit antibodies of isotypes that can
      facilitate hepatic and splenic clearance of the parasites. This line of
      investigation will provide information that, in addition to its intrinsic
      interest, may be vital in judging the future impact of endemic parasitic
      infections on the emerging cohort of elderly persons in developing tropical
      nations.

PMID- 3397540
TI  - Mitochondrial iron loss from leukemia cells injured by macrophages. A possible
      mechanism for electron transport chain defects.
AB  - Activated macrophages inhibit replication of murine lymphoblastic leukemia L1210
      cells without lysis. This inhibition of replication is associated with
      abnormalities of mitochondrial electron transport at the level of NADH
      dehydrogenase (NADH-DH) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH). The mechanism of
      inhibition is unknown, although it has been demonstrated that as NADH-DH and SDH
      activity is lost, iron is released from cells. Because both NADH-DH and SDH
      contain numerous iron-sulfur clusters, damage to these structures may be one
      result of injury by activated macrophages. L1210 cells were labeled with 55Fe and
      co-cultivated with activated murine peritoneal macrophages (injured L1210 cells).
      At 48 h, injured L1210 cells had released 83 +/- 8% (mean +/- SEM of 55Fe
      activity into the media, compared with 25 +/- 4% release from control and 37 +/-
      7% from nondividing mitomycin C-treated control cells. All cells were greater
      than 90% viable. These differences were also reflected in the iron content of the
      cells. Mitochondria were then separated by centrifugation after cell disruption
      and 55Fe activity was found to be similarly decreased in both mitochondrial and
      nonmitochondrial fractions of injured L1210 cells. To further characterize the
      changes in mitochondrial iron content, mitochondrial proteins from injured and
      control L1210 cells were separated by IEF and 55Fe activity of gel slices was
      determined. There was selective loss of 55Fe activity in the area of the gel
      corresponding to SDH and NADH-DH, suggesting that iron loss from iron-sulfur
      clusters may occur in L1210 cells injured by activated macrophages. Iron uptake
      into L1210 cells after removal from macrophages showed a rapid large influx of
      radioactive iron. L1210 cells in contact with macrophages appear to develop an
      iron-depleted state, which is dependent on the continued presence of macrophages.

PMID- 3397542
TI  - Immunochemical characterization of a glyco-inositol-phospholipid membrane antigen
      of Leishmania major.
AB  - A low m.w. polymorphic glyco-inositol-phospholipid (GIPL) of Leishmania major was
      studied by using three different mAb. This molecule is shown to be distinct from
      the previously described lipophosphoglycan of L. major in its m.w., antigenic
      properties, expression during parasite growth, and kinetics of synthesis and
      catabolism. GIPL is shown to be released from the parasite surface in a water
      soluble form, probably by an endogenous phospholipase. GIPL is also detectable on
      the surface of infected macrophages, although not all epitopes are detectable in
      this state. GIPL can be metabolically labeled with [3H]galactose, [3H]inositol,
      [32P]phosphate, and [3H]palmitic acid. GIPL can also be labeled on the surface of
      living promastigotes with galactose oxidase and [3H]sodium borohydride. The
      kinetics of synthesis and catabolism are much faster than those of
      lipophosphoglycan. GIPL is sensitive to degradation upon parasite lysis and
      becomes undetectable by mAb after 20 h at 37 degrees C. The expression of GIPL on
      the surface of promastigotes is more abundant during the logarithmic phase of
      growth, and declines in stationary phase.

PMID- 3397543
TI  - Aberrant immunoglobulin gene rearrangement in scid mouse bone marrow cells.
AB  - We have analyzed Ig gene rearrangement in the immunodeficient mutant mouse, CB-17
      scid. Bone marrow stem cells from scid mice were cultured in the in vitro culture
      system of Whitlock and Witte. Ig gene rearrangement in the scid cells was studied
      by DNA cloning. Seven DNA clones of Ig H chain JH and DH regions were analyzed by
      DNA sequencing, and all the clones contained a failure in D-J joining. In the
      rearranged structure, both DH and JH coding sequences are either partly or
      completely deleted. Molecular mechanisms causing the aberrant DNA rearrangement
      are discussed.

PMID- 3397545
TI  - Development of radioimmunoassays for free tetra-L-aspartyl-L-lysine trypsinogen
      activation peptides (TAP).
AB  - Tetra-L-aspartyl-L-lysine (D4K) containing trypsinogen activation peptides were
      synthesised on solid-phase supports. Synthetic D4K peptides were N-terminally
      haptenised and used to generate specific C-terminally directed anti-D4K
      antibodies. Affinity purification of antisera using Sepharose-immobilised
      synthetic D4K segregated two highly purified populations of anti-D4K antibodies,
      one eluting with EDTA recognising the calcium chelate and the other eluting with
      propionic acid recognising an alternative epitope on the anionic oligopeptide.
      Both specific anti-D4K antibodies were C-terminally directed and did not bind
      trypsinogen. Specific antisera and calcium-independent antibodies were used to
      develop and characterise solution and solid-phase immunoassays specific for free
      trypsinogen activation peptides (TAP assay), with a detection limit of 10(-11) M
      and between assay CV of 10.7% for the solution-phase system. The release of D4K
      peptides by enteropeptidase activation of trypsinogen and dog pancreatic
      secretion is demonstrated. TAP assays specifically indicate trypsinogen
      activation and may contribute to the recognition and understanding of disease
      states such as pancreatitis.

PMID- 3397544
TI  - In vitro production of monoclonal antibodies under serum-free conditions using a
      compact and inexpensive hollow fibre cell culture unit.
AB  - A compact and easily portable hollow fibre cell culture system using commercially
      available components is described. The construction is relatively cheap and
      simple. As the hollow fibre cell culture cartridge we chose an inexpensive
      haemodialyser. Though not specially developed for this purpose this performed
      excellently in our system. Using a serum-free medium supplemented with
      ethanolamine, selenium and transferrin, an average antibody production of 30-200
      mg per cartridge per day could be achieved, depending on the cell line. Because a
      serum-free medium was used, monoclonal antibodies could readily be purified on a
      large scale.

PMID- 3397546
TI  - Fluorescence quenching of fluorescein by R-phycoerythrin. A pitfall in dual
      fluorescence analysis.
AB  - The use of a single laser fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) to analyse
      cellular subpopulations by immunochemical staining requires an alternative dye to
      fluorescein with appropriate spectral characteristics. R-phycoerythrin (RPE) is
      widely employed for this purpose. In this study the ability of RPE to quench the
      fluorescein emission when both are attached to the same cell has been
      demonstrated by dual labelling of tonsil lymphocytes with pairs of monoclonal
      antibodies. Reduction of the fluorescein signal correlated with the amount of RPE
      attached and the relative intensity of emission from the two fluorochromes. The
      possible photochemical mechanisms which result in a reduction of the fluorescein
      signal by RPE are discussed. The inclusion of control tests, in which RPE is
      omitted, is recommended in order to avoid misinterpretation of the results of
      subpopulation analysis by single laser FACS - especially when low levels of
      fluorescein staining are obtained.

PMID- 3397547
TI  - Luminol-dependent chemiluminescence microassay for phagocytic function.
AB  - A luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (CL) microassay was developed to measure
      phagocytic function of peripheral blood leukocytes. Buffy coats, obtained by
      centrifugation of only 100 microliter of whole blood, provided an enriched
      population of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). The total reaction mixture,
      consisting of leukocytes-luminol-inducer (opsonized zymosan), was 450 microliter.
      Peak CL activity was seen 5 min after addition of inducer at 37 degrees C with
      cells tested within 60 min after collection. Tests to determine precision and
      reproducibility of the microassay gave a coefficient of variation of 8.5% and
      11%, respectively. There was no significant difference between the mean peak CL
      values for 20 healthy adult donors compared to 14 premature neonates, however,
      the newborns' CL activity declined more rapidly; CL activity was severely
      depressed in cells obtained from a patient with chronic granulomatous disease.
      Results suggest that this microassay provides a simple, rapid, and reliable test
      of phagocytic function in cases where the amount of blood available for testing
      is limited.

PMID- 3397548
TI  - Improved plaque production for short-term bone marrow and fetal liver cultures.
AB  - The addition of 0.5% globulin-free (GF-BSA) or 0.5% delipidated BSA (D-BSA) to
      short-term murine bone marrow (BM) (cultures) increased the number of plaque
      forming cells (PFC) responding to trinitrophenylated lipopolysaccharide (TNP-LPS)
      2-5-fold (1.1 X 10(4)-2.7 X 10(4) PFC per 10 X 10(6) nucleated BM cells).
      Although it was necessary to continue to supplement these cultures with 5% fetal
      calf serum (FCS), the inclusion of the aforementioned BSA preparations provided
      enhanced PFC production for all lots of FCS tested. Similarly, these preparations
      of BSA made it feasible to also culture BM in autologous mouse sera (MS) or in
      medium without 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) if in the latter case the D-BSA was
      pretreated with 2-ME. Thus, the inclusion of GF-BSA or D-BSA in short term
      cultures of BM not only substantially increased the number of Ig-secreting B
      cells produced in response to TNP-LPS but seemed to eliminate the need to screen
      for supportive batches of FCS or MS. These preparations of BSA also facilitated
      hapten specific PFC responses of fetal liver cultures.

PMID- 3397549
TI  - Counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE) for the detection of anti-liver-kidney
      microsome (LKM) antibodies in the sera of patients with chronic liver disease.
AB  - A counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE) test for the detection of liver-kidney
      microsome specific antibodies in human sera is described. By testing different
      subcellular preparations the LKM antigen was found in the membranes of the smooth
      endoplasmic reticulum subfraction. The antigen was sensitive to trypsin digestion
      and behaved as an anionic protein in the experimental conditions used in the
      test. All sera positive for LKM in immunofluorescence gave a precipitin line of
      identity while none of the control sera gave a positive reaction. The CIE titers
      ranged between neat and 1/4096. A significant correlation was observed between
      the LKM titers obtained in immunofluorescence and those obtained in CIE.
      Moreover, by absorption experiments, it was concluded that the antigen
      preparation reactive in CIE was able to abolish the immunofluorescence pattern of
      LKM positive sera on rat liver and kidney sections. The LKM target antigen,
      although previously considered a structural protein of microsomal membranes, was
      shown to solubilize spontaneously during the isolation of microsomal membranes.
      Counterimmunoelectrophoresis appears to be an appropriate test for anti-LKM
      antibodies in human sera.

PMID- 3397550
TI  - The immunochemistry of sandwich-ELISAs. IV. The antigen capture capacity of
      antibody covalently attached to bromoacetyl surface-functionalized polystyrene.
AB  - The antigen capture capacity of antibodies covalently immobilized on injection
      molded polystyrene beads was evaluated. Bromoacetyl groups on the bead surfaces
      rendered them reactive to protein nucleophilic groups. The bromoacetyl surface
      exhibited up to a ten-fold greater capacity for protein compared to unmodified
      polystyrene, with no detectable dissociation such as occurs with simple
      adsorption. Biotinylated anti-fluorescein was immobilized on this surface both
      through direct covalent attachment and indirectly via streptavidin, which was
      first covalently attached to the bead. Comparisons of the resulting biological
      activity, normalized to the amount of anti-fluorescein on the bead, were made
      between the attachment methods and simple passive adsorption. The presence of the
      streptavidin spacer on the bromoacetyl surfaces improved the antigen capture
      capacity of antifluorescein, for fluoresyl-albumin by 45% compared to direct
      covalent linkage of the antibody to modified polystyrene and by 160% relative to
      antibody adsorbed on unmodified polystyrene.

PMID- 3397551
TI  - Purification of murine monoclonal antibodies by caprylic acid.

PMID- 3397552
TI  - Primary health care: a commitment to honour.

PMID- 3397554
TI  - Haemoglobin variants in districts of West Bengal.

PMID- 3397553
TI  - Pattern of malignancy in a north Indian hospital.

PMID- 3397556
TI  - Psychiatric morbidity in patients attending medical outpatient department.

PMID- 3397555
TI  - Hysterosalpingography with plain rubber catheter.

PMID- 3397557
TI  - Craniopharyngioma presenting as amenorrhoea-galactorrhoea syndrome and acute
      visual loss.

PMID- 3397558
TI  - Rabies presenting with sexual manifestations.

PMID- 3397560
TI  - Bilateral symmetrical piloleiomyomas.

PMID- 3397559
TI  - Youssef's syndrome.

PMID- 3397562
TI  - Prescriptions and professionals.

PMID- 3397561
TI  - Pancreatic pleural effusion.

PMID- 3397565
TI  - Progressive systemic sclerosis.

PMID- 3397563
TI  - Drugs for hyperemesis gravidarum.

PMID- 3397564
TI  - Tuberculosis in plantation sector.

PMID- 3397566
TI  - How healthy is our national health policy?

PMID- 3397567
TI  - Pulmonary tuberculosis as a cause of unfolding of aorta.

PMID- 3397568
TI  - Recurrent congenital haemangiopericytoma at an unusual site.

PMID- 3397569
TI  - Bence-Jones myeloma.

PMID- 3397570
TI  - Cinchona and its alkaloids.

PMID- 3397572
TI  - Isolated tuberculous involvement of tunica vaginalis.

PMID- 3397571
TI  - Effect of histamine H2-receptor antagonist (cimetidine) on intra-ocular pressure.

PMID- 3397573
TI  - Penicillin allergy.

PMID- 3397574
TI  - Ankylosis of the knee joint.

PMID- 3397575
TI  - Drug adulteration.

PMID- 3397576
TI  - Wound healing: some observations.

PMID- 3397577
TI  - Chronic diarrhoea in children.

PMID- 3397579
TI  - Peritonitis in children on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.
AB  - Between 1979 and 1985, 26 patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
      had 97 episodes of peritonitis. These occurred over a period of 336 patient
      months, giving an incidence of one episode every 3.5 patient months. The micro
      organisms comprised Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as fungi
      which accounted for six episodes. Gram-positive bacteria were isolated in 49 of
      the 97 episodes (50.5%) with Staphylococcus epidermidis predominating. The
      incidence of culture-negative peritonitis was high (27.8%). Because of failure to
      respond to treatment, or because of frequent recurrences, 42% patients were
      transferred to haemodialysis. The changing bacterial ecology has necessitated an
      alteration in choice of antibiotics. Cefamandole and/or gentamicin are no longer
      appropriate since 46% strains of S. epidermidis are now methicillin-resistant.
      Our 'best guess' choice for bacterial peritonitis would now start with
      netilmicin, vancomycin being added if indicated. For fungal peritonitis we would
      now start with a primary course of anti-fungal agents followed by early removal
      of the catheter if there is no response to treatment.

PMID- 3397578
TI  - Distribution of serotypes and antibiotic resistance among pneumococci in Northern
      Ireland.
AB  - Altogether, 488 consecutive strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from
      clinical specimens were serotyped and their antibiotic susceptibility determined.
      Of all strains isolated, 89.7% (90.6% for strains isolated from patients with
      serious infection) were of types present in the new polyvalent (23-valent)
      pneumococcal vaccine. Four strains showed reduced susceptibility to penicillin
      (minimum inhibitory concentration 0.1-1.0 mg/l). Two of those strains (both
      serotype 23) were also of intermediate susceptibility to other antibiotics
      (ampicillin, cephradine, chloramphenicol and tetracycline) but were sensitive to
      erythromycin. A significant proportion (12%) was resistant to tetracycline.

PMID- 3397580
TI  - Acute spinal epidural abscess caused by Streptococcus milleri.

PMID- 3397581
TI  - Association of Lactobacillus plantarum with endocarditis.

PMID- 3397582
TI  - Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection associated with Henoch-Schonlein purpura.

PMID- 3397583
TI  - Kikuchi's disease as a cause of fever and cervical lymphadenopathy.

PMID- 3397584
TI  - Smoking and varicella pneumonia.

PMID- 3397585
TI  - Photocarcinogenesis promotion studies with benzoyl peroxide (BPO) and croton oil.
AB  - Previous studies demonstrated that BPO can promote chemically initiated tumor
      formation in SENCAR mice. In addition, a number of chemicals have been shown to
      promote and/or enhance UVR induced carcinogenesis. This study examined the effect
      of BPO on UVR initiated tumor formation. One hundred and forty-eight Uscd mice
      received 270 mJ/cm2 of UVB radiation to the posterior halves of their backs 3
      times a week for 8 weeks. Four weeks later the mice were divided into 4 groups.
      Group I received croton oil in acetone applications to the back 5 times a week
      for the duration of the study. Group II received acetone, Group III received the
      BPO diluent, and Group IV received the BPO in an aqueous diluent applications as
      in Group I. One mouse in Group II (acetone) and one in Group IV (BPO) developed
      tumors in unirradiated skin. In the UVR initiated skin 38% of the survivors
      developed tumors in Group I (croton oil), whereas 5% did in Group II (acetone),
      8% in Group III (BPO base), and 8% group IV (BPO). Thus under the circumstances
      of this study croton oil did promote UV initiated tumor formation but BPO did
      not. These results are consistent with those recently reported by Iversen.

PMID- 3397586
TI  - 4-Methylpyrazole and the cutaneous vascular sensitivity to alcohol in Orientals.
AB  - Twelve healthy subjects of Oriental ancestry were challenged with topical
      applications of lower aliphatic alcohols and aldehydes after topical pretreatment
      consisting of 4-methylpyrazole in hydrophilic ointment on the volar aspect of one
      forearm and hydrophilic ointment alone on the contralateral volar forearm.
      Cutaneous blood flow was monitored by laser Doppler velocimetry. Pretreatment
      with 4-methylpyrazole, a specific inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase, led to a
      significant decrease in the cutaneous vascular response to the alcohols as a
      group, but did not lead to changes in the cutaneous vascular response to the
      aldehydes as a group. Among the individual alcohols, pretreatment with 4
      methylpyrazole reduced the response significantly to all concentrations of 1
      propanol and 1-butanol. The means of the vascular response to the different
      concentrations of ethanol decreased, but not significantly. Additionally, 4
      methylpyrazole did not have an independent effect on cutaneous blood flow. These
      results are consistent with the view that the cutaneous vascular reaction to
      primary alcohols applied topically to the skin of Orientals is provoked, in large
      part, by the corresponding aldehyde.

PMID- 3397587
TI  - Non-melanoma skin cancer occurring in patients treated with PUVA five to ten
      years after first treatment.
AB  - Continued prospective study of the 1,380 patients enrolled in the PUVA study for
      10 years after first exposure to PUVA demonstrates a strong association between
      cumulative exposure to PUVA and an increased risk of squamous cell carcinoma of
      the skin. For tumors occurring at least 58 months after first treatment, after
      adjustment for age, sex, and area of residence, we observed that patients with
      more than 260 treatments had an 11-fold increase in risk compared to patients who
      had received 160 or fewer treatments during the same interval (P less than 0.01).
      Comparable increases in relative risk were noted in patients of all skin types,
      irrespective of prior ionizing radiation exposure. We also noted a modest dose
      dependent increase in the risk for the development of basal cell carcinoma for
      patients who received an excess of 200 treatments compared to those who had
      received fewer than 160 treatments within the same time period (P less than
      0.05). Tumors detected in our cohort exhibit biologic behavior similar to non
      melanoma skin cancers associated with sun exposure. Careful monitoring and early
      detection should limit the morbidity associated with these tumors.

PMID- 3397589
TI  - The time course of lipid biosynthesis in pig epidermis.
AB  - In order to examine the time course of lipid metabolism in the epidermis, pairs
      of sites on each of two pigs were given seven intradermal injections of 10
      microCi of [1-14C]-acetate at 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48 h before the animals
      were killed. A second time course was obtained with two other pigs at 1 h and
      3.5, 7, 10.5, 14, 17.5, and 21 d after labeling. The epidermis over each
      injection site was recovered, and the lipids were extracted and analyzed by thin
      layer chromatography and by autoradiography. Virtually all of the radioactivity
      in aliphatic chains was found first in phospholipids and was then transferred to
      glucosylceramides, and then into ceramides, between 1 and 7 d after labeling.
      Labeling of free fatty acids showed a similar time course. Most of the
      radioactivity acquired by acylglucosylceramide was transferred to
      hydroxyceramide, bound to the corneocyte envelope, between 2 and 10 d after
      labeling. The hydroxyacid and sphingosine moieties of the hydroxy-ceramide had
      equal specific activity. The results indicate that the aliphatic lipids of the
      stratum corneum are synthesized de novo in the epidermis via phospholipids.
      Cholesterol, however, was synthesized directly from acetate within hours of
      labeling, and its esters acquired label 3 to 7 d later.

PMID- 3397588
TI  - Intestinal permeability in dermatitis herpetiformis.
AB  - Differential absorption of D-xylose and 3-0-methyl-D-glucose, and unmediated
      intestinal permeation (simple diffusion) of lactulose and L-rhamnose, have been
      investigated in 20 patients with dermatitis herpetiformis. Both iso-osmolar and
      hyperosmolar test solutions were employed and the results were compared with
      those obtained from a group of healthy adult volunteers. The findings in each
      patient have been correlated with small intestinal histology. The majority of
      patients with villous atrophy had abnormally raised intestinal lactulose
      permeation and lactulose/rhamnose permeability ratios, whereas patients with
      normal small intestinal morphological grading did not differ significantly from
      the healthy control group in this respect. There was a high incidence of delayed
      plasma D-xylose absorption peaks in dermatitis herpetiformis irrespective of
      small intestinal histological findings. These results imply that abnormal
      intestinal permeability in dermatitis herpetiformis is the result of gluten
      induced damage to the mucosa rather than an inherent primary defect. It is
      therefore improbable that the rash in this condition is purely a manifestation of
      increased intestinal permeation of antigen.

PMID- 3397590
TI  - Retinoic acids promote the repair of the dermal damage and the effacement of
      wrinkles in the UVB-irradiated hairless mouse.
AB  - Chronic irradiation of hairless mice with UVB leads to elastosis as evidenced by
      both histologic means and an increase in skin desmosine content. Treatment with
      topical all-trans- or 13-cis-retinoic acid causes dose-dependent increments in
      the area of the dermal "repair zone"; skin desmosine content increases during
      irradiation but does not change significantly after irradiation is discontinued
      and retinoic acid treatment commenced. During the course of the irradiation the
      animals develop permanent wrinkles on the exposed dorsal surface, which can be
      recorded in plastic impressions. The extent of wrinkling can be quantitated and
      it has been demonstrated that topically applied retinoic acids lead to the
      complete effacement of these surface features and that the process appears to be
      permanent.

PMID- 3397591
TI  - The paradox of androgens and balding: where are we now?

PMID- 3397592
TI  - Effect of recombinant human erythropoietin on the anemia of chronic renal
      failure.
AB  - Phase I and Phase II studies of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEpo) were
      conducted in normal volunteers and in anemic patients with chronic renal failure
      on maintenance hemodialysis. Three hundred U/person of rhEpo was administered
      intravenously to healthy normal volunteers in the Phase I study, resulting in no
      subjective or objective changes. In the Phase II study, 66 patients with chronic
      renal failure on maintenance hemodialysis with less than 20% hematocrit values
      were treated with rhEpo in doses of 50 U/kg to 200 U/kg two or three times a
      week. Hematocrit values increased significantly during the 12 weeks, and the
      patients' conditions improved. Patients previously requiring blood transfusions
      became transfusion-independent during our study. There were no obvious side
      effects, thus indicating the safety and efficacy of rhEpo in the anemia of
      chronic renal failure.

PMID- 3397594
TI  - [Surgical treatment of advanced valvular heart disease in patients with major
      organ dysfunction preoperatively--discriminant analysis of 42 patients].

PMID- 3397593
TI  - Alteration of cell cycle progression in human leukemia cell line (KOPM-28)
      induced by 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate.
AB  - Terminal cell differentiation usually results in an irreversible arrest in the G1
      phase of the cell cycle and loss of cell renewal ability. Human promyelocytic
      leukemia HL-60 cells induced with 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)
      differentiate into monocytes/macrophages and accumulate in G1. We determined the
      effect of TPA on the growth kinetics of a human leukemia cell line (KOPM-28),
      which developed several of the characteristics of megakaryocytes in response to
      TPA, such as the surface antigen complex IIb/IIIa, platelet peroxidase and
      polyploidy. Cell growth was immediately and completely inhibited by TPA. Flow
      cytometric analysis of cellular DNA content revealed a gradual decrease in cells
      in G1 and an accumulation of cells in G2. These data suggest that TPA prolonged
      G1 and rapidly arrested the cells in G2. Synchronized cells were utilized to
      further analyze the rapid G2 arrest. Cells arrested with aphidicolin at the G1/S
      interphase were released, and the effects of TPA (added at different intervals)
      on cell cycle progression were examined 14 h after release. The results showed
      that TPA added at the end of the S phase, as well as at the G1/S interphase
      incompletely but distinctly arrested cells in G2. Moreover, G2 arrest was
      observed when TPA was added to cells released from a colcemid-induced G2/M block,
      suggesting that cells already in G2 were inhibited by TPA from moving through M
      to G1. Since some cells became multi-nucleated in the course of incubation with
      TPA, this G2 accumulation may have resulted at least in part from a prolongation
      of the phase or a transient G2 block. These changes in cell cycle progression
      induced by TPA may be characteristic of and/or related to megakaryocytic
      differentiation of hemopoietic precursor cells.

PMID- 3397595
TI  - [Study of postoperative hemodynamics and fluid balance after open heart surgeries
      in relation to the rectal and peripheral deep body temperature].

PMID- 3397596
TI  - [Intracardiac repair of congenital cardiac anomaly with atrioventricular and
      ventriculoarterial discordance].

PMID- 3397597
TI  - [The effects of reperfusion pressure on the ischemic left ventricle].

PMID- 3397598
TI  - [The clinical study of the combined resection of the left atrium in advanced lung
      cancer].

PMID- 3397599
TI  - [Experimental tracheal reconstruction with the use of homograft covered with
      omental flap].

PMID- 3397600
TI  - [Clinical follow-up of patients with residual aneurysms subsequent to surgical
      repair of aortic dissections].

PMID- 3397601
TI  - [Fate of mild functional tricuspid regurgitation untreated in mitral valve
      surgery--evaluation by pulsed Doppler echocardiography in early postoperative
      period].

PMID- 3397602
TI  - [Severe circulatory shock following protamine administration during open heart
      surgery].

PMID- 3397603
TI  - [Ventricular aneurysm with life-threatening ventricular tachycardia--report of a
      case treated with mapping-guided aneurysmectomy, endocardial resection and
      cryoablation].

PMID- 3397604
TI  - [Extrinsic dysfunction of the Bjork-Shiley monostrut type valve in the mitral
      position].

PMID- 3397606
TI  - [A case of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the thymus].

PMID- 3397605
TI  - [Acute hepatic failure following open heart surgery in children--associated with
      blood coagulopathy and thrombocytopenia].

PMID- 3397607
TI  - [Corrected transposition of the great arteries with hypoplastic left ventricle--a
      corrective case report].

PMID- 3397608
TI  - [A successful septation procedure of single left ventricle associated with common
      AV valve and isolated ventricular inversion].

PMID- 3397609
TI  - [Extended pleuropneumonectomy in malignant mesothelioma--a case report].

PMID- 3397610
TI  - [A case of localized amyloidosis of the lung].

PMID- 3397611
TI  - Computerized Anesthesia Personnel System.
AB  - CAPS, (Computerized Anesthesia Personnel System), is a personnel management
      system for a large anesthesia department. It is written in BASIC for the IBM PC
      or IBM-compatible computer using 2 or more 5 1/4 inch disk drives or a hard disk.
      CAPS is designed to facilitate assignment of up to 30 attending
      anesthesiologists, 40 residents, 15 CRNAs, 5 interns, 5 anesthesia assistants,
      and up to 15 medical students to the operating room schedule. The system supports
      part-time personnel, regular laboratory/office/reading days, and resident
      rotations inside the operating suite, outside the operating suite, and to
      secondary hospitals. CAPS generates an availability list each day, listing all
      persons available for the operating room and the rotations and call days
      assigned. It then lists all persons not available that day and the reason for the
      absence. CAPS also tracts vacation, meeting, administrative and compensatory time
      for all members of the department, and maintains an absence record for each
      person listing sick times and all other absences. CAPS generates a weekly
      staffing list showing days each person is available to the operating room and the
      total number of attendings, residents, CRNAs, and assistants available each day.
      This article discusses why the program was developed, how it was designed, and
      how well it has met the objectives of the designers.

PMID- 3397612
TI  - Affective responses to commercial and experimental auditory alarm signals for
      anaesthesia delivery and physiological monitoring equipment.
AB  - The affective response of subjects to the sounds of commercial and experimental
      auditory alarm signals was tested using a standard experimental protocol for
      measuring mood states and changes. Both types of signal evoked affective
      response. The commercial signals, however, evoked more response than the
      experimental signals, and that response was more negative in affect. A subset of
      the experimental signals, distinguished by specific acoustic characteristics,
      evoked particularly low levels of affect. The implications of low-affect alarms
      for the operating room are discussed.

PMID- 3397613
TI  - Home monitoring in children at risk of sudden infant death.
AB  - Electronic home monitoring has been advocated as a means of preventing sudden
      infant death syndrome (SIDS). Special emphasis has been placed on apnoea
      monitoring. The evaluation of the preventive aspect of home monitoring is
      exceedingly difficult considering the ethical and statistical implications. Major
      problems arise as the monitoring is done by the parents in a situation different
      from the one in the intensive care unit. The relative advantages of pulse
      oximetry and inductance plethysmography are outlined in comparison with other
      techniques like impedance pneumography, apnoea mattress and apnoea capsule.

PMID- 3397615
TI  - 'Anestheticography': on-line monitoring and documentation of inhalational
      anesthesia.
AB  - The safe practice of inhalational anesthesia requires control over the amount of
      volatile anesthetic delivered to the patient. With minimal fresh gas flow this is
      facilitated by continuous monitoring and recording of the agent's concentration
      ('Anestheticography'). Alterations brought about by routine clinical maneuvers
      become visible. We recorded the course of the inspiratory and expiratory
      concentration of volatile anesthetic (Isoflurane) by infrared absorption and a
      trend recorder. Changing the carrier gas composition during high flow from 75% to
      25% nitrous oxide in oxygen resulted in a 10% increase of the inspiratory
      isoflurane concentration. Activating the oxygen bypass or exchanging the soda
      lime canisters was followed by a prolonged disturbance of concentrations, most
      pronounced with minimal flow. Initiating emergence by closing the vaporizer
      during minimal flow led to a slow decrease in concentration whilst at a flow of
      61/min the inspiratory isoflurane concentration rapidly decreased to
      subanesthetic levels. Insertion of a charcoal filter into the inspiratory limb of
      the breathing circuit immediately dropped the inspiratory concentration to
      undetectable levels. 'Anestheticography' is a useful means of monitoring and
      documentation of inhalational anesthetic. With the use of a charcoal filter all
      advantages of minimal flow anesthesia can be realized throughout the entire
      anesthetic, including emergence.

PMID- 3397614
TI  - An automatic PDMS interface for the Urotrack Plus 220 urimeter.
AB  - Periodic measurements of urine volume and temperature in critically ill patients
      are time consuming, unclean procedures. These measurements may be automated with
      an electronic urimeter (Urotrack Plus 220, C.R. Bard Company, Murray Hill, NJ).
      This device contains an RS-232 output port which transmits a complete device
      status report once per second. We interfaced 20 Urotrack Plus urimeters to a
      single I/O port of a computerized patient data management system (Hewlett-Packard
      78709A PDMS, Hewlett-Packard Company, Waltham, MA). This interface required daisy
      chained controllers for port switching and a communications adapter for flow
      control. The urimeters have proven to be cost-effective, labor-saving devices.
      The PDMS interface provides a continuous display of measured variables and
      completely automates data entry for flowsheet documentation. Automatic urimetry
      data acquisition is estimated to save approximately 27 nursing minutes per
      patient per day.

PMID- 3397616
TI  - An electronic timer for closed circuit anaesthesia.
AB  - During the first period of a total closed-circuit anaesthesia the unit dose must
      be injected relatively often and the gas flows have to be adjusted. To help the
      anaesthetist, especially during this period, an electronic timer was constructed
      where an acoustic signal indicated the square of time when the unit dose had to
      be given. The construction of the electronic timer is described here.

PMID- 3397617
TI  - Continuous data analysis of the most important biosignals of the brain--ICP, SAP,
      CPP, EEG.

PMID- 3397618
TI  - The outcome of mechanically ventilated infants and children.
AB  - With the aid of a departmental data base system and registers for inpatients
      stays mortality and length of stay in a pediatric intensive care unit were
      studied in 549 stays where the patient was treated with mechanical ventilation.
      Mortality and length of stay after transfer from the ICU were also studied. The
      mortality in the unit was 25% overall and increased to 33% after 180 days.
      Average time on the ventilator was 5.9 days and after transfer from the intensive
      care unit the patients were hospitalized for an average of 6 days during the
      following 180 days.

PMID- 3397619
TI  - The correlation of EEG compressed spectral array to Glasgow Coma Scale in
      traumatic coma patients.
AB  - We have studied 20 comatose intensive care patients with head injuries and/or
      intracranial haemorrhage in order to compare two different monitoring methods of
      the central nervous system. The level of unconsciousness was followed on the
      Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). EEG was monitored continuously with the compressed
      spectral array (CSA)-method. CSA findings were classified into six categories
      according to the frequency content, reactivity and the amount of isoelectricity.
      The patients were divided into four groups according to the outcome: well
      recovered, moderately recovered, poorly recovered and dead. The prognostic value
      of the data obtained with the GCS method was compared with that obtained by CSA.
      The CSA and GCS methods give information based on different neurophysiological
      backgrounds. This explains why the correlation of these methods was only
      moderate. When combining the information received from these two methods the
      predictability improved. In many acute situations CSA gave information about
      changes in the brain function, which could not be seen in GCS. The results
      suggest that CSA is not only a supplementary method to GCS but also a different
      approach to the monitoring of an unconscious patient.

PMID- 3397620
TI  - Authorship: the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors offers
      guidelines.

PMID- 3397621
TI  - Oxidant lung injury in sarcoidosis: an inflammatory question.

PMID- 3397622
TI  - Modulation of erythropoietin production by adenosine.
AB  - Adenosine is an important regulatory molecule that increases in hypoxic and
      ischemic tissues and has been proposed to mediate blood flow in response to
      oxygen availability. The current study ascribes another oxygen-responsive role to
      adenosine, that of regulating synthesis of the erythropoiesis-stimulating
      hormone, erythropoietin. When perfused through isolated rat kidneys, exogenous
      adenosine in nanomolar concentrations increased erythropoietin production,
      whereas inosine, the deaminated nucleoside, had no effect. In addition, an
      adenosine antagonist, and adenosine deaminase, diminished erythropoietin titers
      in renal perfusates. In intact rats, adenosine deaminase injections followed by a
      hypoxic stimulus slightly reduced erythropoietin serum concentrations, whereas an
      adenosine deaminase inhibitor sharply increased erythropoietin titers. The
      results suggest that adenosine may function as a mediator to link oxygen supply
      with erythropoietin production.

PMID- 3397623
TI  - Protocol for prenatal diagnosis of cystic fibrosis based on studies of alkaline
      phosphatase isoenzymes.
AB  - Amniotic fluid analysis of microvillar enzymes, including alkaline phosphatase
      (ALP) total activity and ALP isoenzymes, has been widely experimented with and
      used for the prenatal diagnosis of cystic fibrosis in the second trimester of
      gestation. Since the development of cystic fibrosis molecular analysis, interest
      in these biochemical tests has been maintained for those instances in which the
      pregnancy is not fully informative by restriction fragment length polymorphism
      analysis or DNA is not available from the index-affected child. However,
      recommended biochemical protocols do not provide clear-cut diagnostic results in
      a minority of cases. We have tested the reliability of cystic fibrosis
      biochemical prediction by ALP high-resolution electrophoresis and ALP kinetic
      studies after inactivation by urea. With this approach, all the amniotic fluid
      samples that had not been unambiguously classified as affected or unaffected by
      standard microvillar enzymes analysis were definitely categorized. The proposed
      method seems to improve the diagnostic accuracy in pregnancies with a one in four
      risk of resulting in a child with cystic fibrosis.

PMID- 3397624
TI  - Neutrophil heterogeneity in patients with blunt trauma.
AB  - To determine whether neutrophil (PMN) dysfunction observed in patients with blunt
      trauma could be explained by alterations in PMN functional subpopulations and to
      further study the origins of PMN heterogeneity, we studied PMN subpopulations in
      18 patients with severe blunt trauma by using a micropore filter chemotactic
      assay and a mouse monoclonal antibody (31D8 Mab). A major PMN subpopulation binds
      31D8 Mab avidly (31D8 "bright") and depolarizes and responds chemotactically to
      formyl peptide (fMLP) and C5a; a minor PMN subpopulation binds 31D8 Mab weakly
      (31D8 "dull") and fails to depolarize and responds poorly to fMLP and C5a.
      Fourteen patients with trauma had marked alteration of PMN 31D8 expression
      compared with healthy controls 52% +/- 20% versus 92% +/- 4% bright PMNs,
      respectively (p less than 0.01). These patients also had significantly decreased
      PMN chemotaxis and increased band counts compared with controls 30 +/- 10 micron
      versus 53 +/- 19 micron (p less than 0.01) and 34% +/- 14% versus 6% +/- 1% (p
      less than 0.01), respectively. Four patients with less-severe injuries had
      unaltered 31D8 PMN expression and normal PMN chemotaxis. In patients whose band
      counts exceeded 20%, there was a strong correlation between the number of bands
      and the percentage of 31D8 dull PMNs. PMNs that weakly express the 31D8 antigen
      appear to be less mature than PMNs that strongly express the antigen regardless
      of cell morphology (i.e., bands, multilobed cells). The data suggest that the
      decreased PMN chemotaxis and increased infection rate in patients with blunt
      trauma is caused partly by an increase in the number of poorly functioning 31D8
      dull PMNs.

PMID- 3397625
TI  - Inhaled tobacco sterols: uptake by the lungs and disposition to selected organs
      of rats.
AB  - Tobacco sterols (cholesterol, beta-sitosterol, campesterol, and stigmasterol) are
      present in tobacco smoke and appear in plasma of mammals exposed to cigarette
      smoke. Because tobacco sterols may be important in the pathogenesis of smoking
      induced lung and vascular diseases, we studied the pattern of deposition of
      cigarette sterols in the lungs and appearance of cigarette sterols in plasma and
      body organs of rats. After exposure to twenty 5 ml "puffs" of smoke from tobacco
      labeled with [4-14C]cholesterol or beta-[4-14C]sitosterol, rats were killed just
      after exposure (day 0) and on days 2, 5, 8, 11, 15, and 30, and the lungs and
      selected body organs analyzed for activity. We found that cigarette sterols are
      associated with particulates in cigarette smoke, deposited mostly in distal
      airspaces and parenchyma of the lungs, and appear in plasma and several body
      organs for more than 30 days after this single exposure to cigarette smoke.
      Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid contained relatively small amounts of radiolabel for
      only the first few days, suggesting that most of the sterols were rapidly
      incorporated in lung parenchyma. Because disorders of sterol metabolism have been
      implicated in a variety of diseases including atherosclerosis and cancer, the
      significance of tobacco sterols to human smoking-induced diseases deserves
      further study.

PMID- 3397627
TI  - Abnormal organic aciduria in biotin deficiency: the rat is similar to the human.
AB  - We sought to determine whether the biotin-deficient rat excretes the same
      constellation of abnormal organic acids in urine that has been reported for
      biotin deficiency in humans and, if so, to determine the variation of the
      abnormal organic aciduria with time during progressive biotin deficiency. Biotin
      deficiency was induced by a 30% egg white diet. Gas chromatography-mass
      spectrometry was used to identify and quantitate the trimethylsilyl derivatives
      of the organic acids extracted from urine. We detected a progressive increase in
      the urinary excretion of 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid that was highly significant (p
      less than 0.0001). Abnormal excretion of 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid was detectable
      in some biotin-deficient rats as early as week 1; by week 5, all biotin-deficient
      rats had abnormally increased excretion of 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid. We also
      detected a highly significant increase (p less than 0.0001) in the urinary
      excretion of 3-methylcrotonylglycine. We conclude that biotin deficiency in the
      rat causes abnormal organic aciduria similar but not identical to that caused by
      biotin deficiency in humans. We speculate that this abnormal organic aciduria may
      serve as a useful index of biotin deficiency at the tissue level.

PMID- 3397626
TI  - Effect of an antiandrogenic H2 receptor antagonist on hepatic regeneration in
      rats.
AB  - Because biochemical "feminization" of the liver in males is observed with hepatic
      regeneration and because the hepatic regenerative response in females is greater
      than that in males, the possibility that antiandrogens might potentiate liver
      regeneration was investigated. Before 70% hepatectomy, adult male Wistar rats
      were treated with cimetidine, an antiandrogenic H2 antagonist, at doses up to 10
      times greater than those used clinically. Control animals received either the
      saline vehicle or ranitidine, an H2 antagonist without antiandrogenic properties.
      Treatment with cimetidine reduced the hepatic cytosolic androgen receptor content
      compared with ranitidine treatment. Hepatectomy caused a further reduction in
      androgen receptor activity in all groups. Hepatic cytosolic estrogen receptor
      activity was comparable in all groups throughout the study. Moreover, the rate of
      liver growth and the levels of ornithine decarboxylase and thymidine kinase
      activity induced as part of the regenerative response were similar in all groups.
      Thus, cimetidine, despite its ability to bind to androgen receptors, and
      ranitidine, an H2 receptor antagonist without antiandrogen action, do not
      modulate the hepatic regenerative response to a 70% partial hepatectomy.

PMID- 3397628
TI  - Absence of pulmonary edema during peritonitis and shock in rats.
AB  - We evaluated the development of pulmonary edema early in the course of
      peritonitis and shock in rats. Peritonitis was established by cecal ligation and
      perforation. In a preliminary experiment, sepsis was induced in five animals and
      five animals served as sham-operated controls. Lungs harvested for gravimetric
      analysis at 6 hours revealed no significant difference in wet-dry/dry (W-D/D)
      ratios. In a second experiment, 15 rats were randomized to three groups: septic
      animals, septic animals infused with 5% albumin, and sham-operated animals.
      Thermodilution cardiac output and arterial blood gases were sequentially measured
      over a 6-hour interval. At 6 hours, the lungs were harvested for gravimetric
      analysis. Lung W-D/D and arterial oxygenation were not significantly different
      between the three groups. The W-D/D was 3.46 +/- 0.10 in sham-operated rats, 3.37
      +/- 0.12 in septic rats, and 3.88 +/- 0.27 in albumin-infused septic rats. The
      alveolar-arterial oxygen difference at 6 hours was 10 +/- 2 mm Hg in sham
      operated rats, 7 +/- 1 mm Hg in septic rats, and 13 +/- 6 mm Hg in albumin
      infused septic rats. These data suggest that overt pulmonary edema and arterial
      hypoxemia may not occur early in septic shock when fluid infusion is not
      excessive.

PMID- 3397630
TI  - Bacteriology of mastoiditis (a five-year experience at Groote Schuur Hospital).

PMID- 3397629
TI  - Activation of the contact system of plasma proteolysis in the adult respiratory
      distress syndrome.
AB  - Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a complex pulmonary
      clinicopathologic condition associated with pulmonary endothelial injury and
      blood coagulation activation. In patients with ARDS from all causes, factor VII
      levels were significantly reduced. Patients with ARDS caused by sepsis had more
      evidence of intravascular coagulation and fibrinolysis than did patients with
      trauma-related ARDS by having significantly (p less than or equal to 0.05)
      increased prothrombin times, activated partial thromboplastin times, and fibrin
      degradation products, and decreased antithrombin III concentration. We sought to
      determine whether the proteins of the contact system of plasma proteolysis
      (factor XII, prekallikrein, high molecular weight kininogen, and C1 inhibitor)
      were also activated after acute lung injury. Patients with ARDS caused by either
      trauma or sepsis had significantly (p less than or equal to 0.01) reduced factor
      XII levels, high molecular weight kininogen functional activity, prekallikrein
      activity, and prekallikrein antigen levels compared with controls. In both the
      sepsis-related and trauma-related ARDS groups, C1 inhibitor activity was
      significantly reduced but C1 inhibitor antigen levels were significantly elevated
      from control. These findings showed that the proteins of the contact system were
      more extensively activated in ARDS than were the proteins that contribute to
      later reactions in intravascular coagulation and fibrinolysis. Activation of the
      contact system proteins could be the result of endothelial injury occurring as
      part of ARDS. Intravascular coagulation and fibrinolysis in patients with ARDS
      also arise from components independent from contact system activation.

PMID- 3397631
TI  - Cerebrospinal otorrhoea--a temporal bone report.
AB  - Spontaneous cerebrospinal otorrhoea is a rare complication of a cholesteatoma.
      The histological findings in a temporal bone from such a case are reported. The
      cholesteatoma had eroded deeply through the vestibule into the internal auditory
      meatus.

PMID- 3397632
TI  - Idiopathic facial nerve palsy (the effect of treatment with steroids).
AB  - Eight hundred and seventy-nine patients with Bell's Palsy were seen over a 10
      year period. There was a distinct female preponderance and the peak incidence
      occurred in the second to fourth decades. There did not appear to be an increased
      incidence of either hypertension or diabetes but there was a definite increased
      risk during pregnancy. Half of the patients had an incomplete palsy and they all
      recovered within a few weeks of onset. Those patients with complete palsy but
      without evidence of degeneration also all recovered but took longer to do so. If
      degeneration was evident the chance of recovery was only 50 per cent. Steroids
      did not appear to influence the outcome of Bell's Palsy.

PMID- 3397633
TI  - Influence of topical phenylpropanolamine on tachyphylaxis and mucociliary
      clearance in the human nose.
AB  - Topical nasal phenylpropanolamine in a 2.5 per cent solution (PPA) was used in an
      evaluation of the possible development of tachyphylaxis and of possible effects
      on the mucociliary system after one week of treatment in healthy humans. The
      tendency of PPA to produce tachyphylaxis was evaluated by rhinomanometrie
      measurements of nasal airway resistance after repeated dose-response
      provocations. The mucociliary transport time was tested with the saccharine-dye
      test. No reduced dose-response effect or change in mucociliary transport time was
      found with PPA, thus indicating that one week of treatment does not contribute to
      such adverse effects.

PMID- 3397634
TI  - Reopening of the closed nostril in atrophic rhinitis.
AB  - Closure of the nostril in atrophic rhinitis is a simple operation. Opening the
      obturated nose by excising the obturator membrane very often causes stenosis. A
      new and effective method for opening the nostrils, by means of flaps, is
      suggested.

PMID- 3397635
TI  - Upper airway obstruction, sleep disturbance and adenotonsillectomy in children.

PMID- 3397636
TI  - The outcome of different management patterns for vocal cord nodules.
AB  - In 1963, Brodnitz conducted a study which assessed the vocal recovery incidences
      for patients with voice problems, which included a group of patients with vocal
      cord nodules (singers' nodules). Nagata et al., (1983), compared the long-term
      outcome in vocal nodule patients treated by surgery alone, with those treated by
      minimal conservative measures, and those not treated at all. However, there is no
      reported study which compares the long-term outcome of patients with vocal cord
      nodules treated surgically with those treated with a combination of surgery and
      speech therapy, and those treated only with speech therapy.

PMID- 3397637
TI  - Head and neck oncology service--one year's work.
AB  - A head and neck oncology service serving the Islington and Haringey District was
      organized in 1985. It is based at the Whittington and Royal Northern Hospitals
      and is conducted in conjunction with the combined clinic of the Head and Neck
      Oncology Group at the Royal Ear Hospital (University College Hospital). This
      paper presents a survey of the first year's experience during which 29 new cases
      of head and neck cancer were seen.

PMID- 3397639
TI  - Oculomotor findings in autistic children.
AB  - Eleven children with infantile autism or autistic-like conditions were examined
      with oculomotor tests and with auditory brainstem response audiometry.
      Measurements of voluntary, horizontal non-predictable saccades showed that the
      eye motor function was abnormal in six (55 per cent) of the eleven patients. The
      saccades were hypometric in all six instances and the saccadic velocity was
      reduced in four instances. The abnormalities observed are consistent with brain
      dysfunction, in most cases probably indicating pontocerebellar involvement. In
      five instances ABR was found to be abnormal which indicates brainstem
      dysfunction. Oculomotor dysfunction and/or ABR abnormality was observed in eight
      (73 per cent) of the patients studied.

PMID- 3397638
TI  - Serum immunoglobulin E levels in patients with head and neck cancer.
AB  - Serum immunoglobulin E levels were estimated in 50 patients with head and neck
      cancer and in 25 controls. Mean serum IgE value was significantly higher in
      patients with various sites of cancer in the head and neck region other than
      carcinoma of the tonsil. The levels increased with advancement in the stage of
      cancer. There was, however, no difference in mean serum IgE value with respect to
      the character of the lesion, to the histopathological type of growth or to
      radiotherapy. In patients with carcinoma of the tonsil, the mean serum IgE
      concentration was significantly lowered.

PMID- 3397640
TI  - Tuberculous mastoiditis.
AB  - Two cases of aural tuberculosis in Caucasian adults are described. Stress is laid
      on the need to consider tuberculosis in cases of chronic otitis presenting
      unusual features. Lack of suspicion of tuberculosis frequently leads to long
      delays in diagnosis and subsequent needless disability.

PMID- 3397641
TI  - Peripheral nerve involvement in acute Bell's palsy.
AB  - Motor nerve conduction studies were carried out on the ipsilateral and
      contralateral ulnar nerves (arm and forearm segments) in 20 patients presenting
      with unilateral acute Bell's palsy. In seven of these cases (35%), there was
      motor conduction delay in one or more segments of the ulnar nerve. The present
      study confirms the hypothesis that Bell's palsy has a viral or autoimmune
      aetiology resulting in a generalized polyneuropathy or mononeuritis multiplex.
      Paralysis is clinically more manifest in the facial nerve than other motor
      nerves; this is because of the peculiar anatomical course of the facial nerve
      inside a bony canal.

PMID- 3397642
TI  - Influence of spinal puncture and injection on VIIIth nerve function.
AB  - Two cases are reported confirming and demonstrating the relationship between
      spinal puncture or injection and VIIIth nerve function as a result of
      intracranial pressure changes.

PMID- 3397643
TI  - Otoneurological aspects of pontine hematoma.

PMID- 3397644
TI  - Anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia: an ENT presentation in infancy.

PMID- 3397645
TI  - Young's syndrome (a case report).
AB  - A case of Young's syndrome is described presenting with obstructive azoospermia,
      sinusitis, otitis media and bronchitis. It is essential to examine ciliary
      function and ultrastructure in order to make this diagnosis.

PMID- 3397646
TI  - Laryngeal stridor due to odontoid peg subluxation.
AB  - This is a case of a 58-year-old woman who presented with progressive stridor due
      to immobile vocal cords. This was found to be due to cervical cord compression by
      an upwardly subluxed odontoid peg. Despite surgical intervention the outcome was
      fatal.

PMID- 3397647
TI  - Thyroid cartilage at the suprasternal notch with low situated thyroid gland.
AB  - The thyroid cartilage and thyroid gland forming a lump at the suprasternal notch
      is a surprising congenital anomaly which I believe has not been previously
      reported. A case with co-existent low hyoid bone, pharyngo-oesophageal junction
      and intrathoracic cricoid cartilage with no cervical trachea is presented. Its
      pathogenesis is suggested and its surgical importance is discussed.

PMID- 3397648
TI  - Congenital nasal stenosis in neonates.
AB  - Sixteen newborn infants with respiratory problems due to bony nasal obstruction
      were studied. In 14 patients no surgery was needed. In two patients surgery
      became necessary after a few months. Congenital narrowing of the nasal passage
      was unknown until recently. The origin of the disorder is discussed.

PMID- 3397649
TI  - A new cryoprobe with advantages in turbinate freezing.
AB  - Freezing of the turbinates has an established role in the relief of nasal
      obstruction in the conditions of vasomotor and allergic rhinitis. However,
      present designs are limited in being bulky to use. By application of cryosurgical
      principles a probe has been designed which is only 2 mm. wide compared with 6 mm.
      of a standard probe (5N13) and which freezes as well as the standard probe in
      vitro and in-vivo.

PMID- 3397650
TI  - The effects of D and L isomers of menthol upon nasal sensation of airflow.
AB  - Objective and subjective measurements of nasal airflow were made before and after
      inhalation of Vanilla, D-Menthol and L-Menthol separately. Despite the fact that
      the menthol isomers were mirror images of one another, only L-Menthol produced
      the sensation of increased nasal airway patency. No objective change in
      resistance was found after inhaling either D-Menthol, L-Menthol or the vanilla
      control. These findings demonstrate that L-Menthol exerts a specific action upon
      nasal sensory nerve endings, which are responsible for the subjective
      appreciation of nasal airflow.

PMID- 3397651
TI  - Pectoralis major flaps: functional aspects of the repair of oral and
      oropharyngeal resections.
AB  - The use of pectoralis major flaps for reconstruction after oral and oropharyngeal
      resection in a series of seventeen patients is reported. The applications and
      complications are described. A post-operative assessment of speech, chewing and
      swallowing in ten of the patients is reported. The functional aspects of such
      surgery are discussed.

PMID- 3397652
TI  - Prospective management of malignant hyperthermia in the otolaryngological
      patient.
AB  - Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a seemingly rare genetic myopathy. Hypermetabolic
      crises accompanied by a rise in body temperature to as high as 44 degrees C are
      its hallmark. These are usually triggered by potent inhalation anesthetics or
      depolarizing muscle relaxants. Because of the extraordinary risk of death in
      patients who are at risk, otolaryngologists may be reluctant to operate on these
      patients. Ten such patients undergoing tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy,
      myringotomy with ventilation tube insertion, and nasal polypectomy were
      anesthetized with nitrous oxide, barbiturates, opiates, tranquilizers and non
      depolarizing muscle relaxants without complication. The patients were not treated
      prophylactically with dantrolene. Cardiac monitoring and rectal temperatures were
      followed. All ten patients had vastus lateralis muscle biopsy performed and
      subsequent caffeine/halothane contracture studies completed. The contracture
      study was positive in eight out of the patients studied. No anesthetic or
      surgical complications were encountered. This study demonstrates that patients at
      risk of developing MH crisis can have otolaryngologic procedures performed safely
      while undergoing appropriately selected general anesthesia.

PMID- 3397653
TI  - The use of anaesthetic EMLA cream in minor otological surgery.

PMID- 3397654
TI  - Traumatic perilymphatic fistulae of the lateral semicircular canal.
AB  - Fifteen patients with perilymphatic fistulae were evaluated. Of these patients,
      three had CSF leaks in addition to the perilymphatic fistulae. Eight patients had
      fistulae of one or both windows; two had fistulae confined to the lateral
      semicircular canal; and two had combined fistulae of both round window and
      lateral semicircular canals. All improved dramatically following surgical repair.
      In the following study, we have shown that perilymphatic fistulae can occur in
      the lateral semicircular canal, and we suggest exploration of this area when
      indicated.

PMID- 3397655
TI  - Steroid-responsive hearing loss in temporal arteritis.
AB  - An unusual case of temporal arteritis presenting with sensorineural hearing loss
      is presented. Deafness was improved dramatically by corticosteroid treatment. The
      diagnosis of temporal arteritis should be considered in elderly patients
      presenting with sensorineural hearing loss.

PMID- 3397656
TI  - Ameloblastoma presenting as nasal obstruction. Case reports.

PMID- 3397657
TI  - An inverted papilloma with intracranial extension.
AB  - Inverted papilloma can be found in the lateral wall of the nose, the ethmoidal
      sinus, the maxillary sinus, the sphenoidal sinus and the frontal sinus. To our
      knowledge there are no reports of papillomas with intracranial extension. This
      case report describes the history of a patient with long-standing inverted
      papillomas, which eventually grew intracranially. The treatment of this patient
      and the treatment of inverted papilloma in general are discussed.

PMID- 3397658
TI  - Plasmacytoma of the nose with intracranial extension.

PMID- 3397659
TI  - The use of sputum-trap in the collection of antral washout specimen during
      antroscopy.
AB  - Antroscopy of the maxillary sinus has become an established and proven procedure
      in the diagnosis and treatment of sinus disease. Below we outline the use of the
      sputum-trap in the collection of antral washout specimens for microbiological
      culture during antroscopy.

PMID- 3397660
TI  - Intraorbital dermoid: an ophthalmological problem solved by an ENT approach.
AB  - A case of an intraorbital dermoid and its successful removal using a novel
      approach is reported. The approach used offers significant advantages in access
      over the standard approach.

PMID- 3397661
TI  - Atypical histiocytic granuloma with eosinophilia.
AB  - Atypical histiocytic granuloma in the oral mucosa has recently been described as
      a benign non-neoplastic ulcero-proliferative lesion of histiocytic origin with
      eosinophilia. The disease is confined to the oral mucosa where the lesion is
      solitary. These lesions, which heal spontaneously, are not associated with
      systemic disease or dissemination. This report deals with such a case, and it
      stresses the benign nature of the lesion despite the worrying clinical and
      microscopic appearance. The morphological diagnosis was substantiated by the use
      of a series of immunohistochemical reactions.

PMID- 3397662
TI  - Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty in a child with obstructive sleep apnea. A case report.
AB  - Uvulopalotopharyngoplasty (UPPP) has been recently popularized for the treatment
      of snoring and sleep apnea syndrome (SAS). All reported cases so far have been
      adults and the use of this procedure in the pediatric age group has not as yet
      been reported. Obstructive sleep apnea in children has been classically treated
      previously either medically or by adeno-tonsillectomy. The case of a three year
      old child with obstructive sleep apnea secondary to a large uvula and a redundant
      soft palate is reported. The child was successfully treated by UPPP, and remained
      free of symptoms for a follow-up period of one year.

PMID- 3397663
TI  - Spontaneous perforation of the pharynx/oesophagus.
AB  - A single case of spontaneous perforation of the pharynx/oesophagus is reported.
      This case is exceptional with regard to its idiopathic nature and self-resolving
      clinical course. Other reported cases of this rare condition generally have a
      clearly identifiable aetiology and are associated with a high morbidity and
      mortality. The diagnostic label of spontaneous perforation' has been used
      inappropriately in previously reported cases.

PMID- 3397664
TI  - Retropharyngeal abscess complicating a neck wound (a case report).
AB  - Non-tuberculous retropharyngeal abscesses in adults are usually secondary to
      pharyngeal or oesophageal perforation, or sepsis in the throat or sinuses.
      Mediastinitis may follow, and broad-spectrum antibiotics and surgical drainage
      are required. The management of neck wounds must include adequate radiology where
      there is a risk of retained foreign body, and careful exploration, under general
      anaesthetic in many cases, is necessary. In the case reported here, retention of
      a foreign body in a neck wound led to the development of an unusual
      retropharyngeal abscess.

PMID- 3397665
TI  - A new laryngeal instrument for laser microsurgery.

PMID- 3397666
TI  - Stoma buttons--an unreported hazard.

PMID- 3397667
TI  - Some complications of tracheo-oesophageal puncture for voice restoration.
AB  - Tracheo-oesophageal puncture for voice restoration is now a commonly performed
      operation. Little has been written about the complications of this procedure. In
      this report, complications such as septicaemia, cellulitis, respiratory
      obstruction, mediastinitis and paravertebral abscess are described. The incidence
      of these complications can be reduced by bearing in mind the distorted anatomy in
      the post-laryngectomy neck.

PMID- 3397668
TI  - Cherubism.

PMID- 3397670
TI  - [Transfer of free lymphatic flaps . Microsurgery and anatomical study].
AB  - Results of an experimental study in the rat showed that a healthy gland
      transplanted into a lymphedematous zone can function for a sustained period and
      improve the edema. It is possible, therefore, without adversely affecting the
      lower limb lymphatic circulation, to transplant the superior external group of
      inguinal glands into the axilla of a "big arm".

PMID- 3397669
TI  - [Conjunctival and peri-ungual angioscopy in noninsulin-dependent diabetes
      mellitus. Informational value of observed anomalies].
AB  - Microangiopathy is one of the most frequent and serious complications of
      diabetes. Its diagnosis is based on fundus of eye and fluorescein angiography
      findings, but several teams have emphasized the value of conjunctival angioscopy
      (CA) and peri-ungual capillaroscopy (PUC), describing suggestive anomalies:
      microectatic venous dilatation (V/A greater than 4.5), sludge on CA, "fish shoal"
      capillaries on PUC. Up to the present, however, the diagnostic value of these
      anomalies has not been evaluated based on data that are sensitive, specific and
      indicate predictive positive and negative values of a sign (Se, Sp, PPV, NPV).
      Anomalies of CA and PUC as a function of presence or absence of "diabetes" were
      studied in 114 patients with moderate hypertension, including 46 "diabetics" (33
      with glucose regulation disorders and 13 non-insulin dependent diabetics).
      "Diabetes" was observed more predominantly in males of more advanced age and with
      a significantly higher global CA score (4.25 +/- 1.44 as against 2.65 +/- 1.35),
      and this in an increased manner as the "diabetes" was severe. Some anomalies had
      themselves a major orientation value with an Sp greater than 80% and an Se close
      to 40% (global score greater than 4; V/A greater than 4.5, microectasia,
      rheologic changes). For the fish shoal appearance the Sp was 73.5% and the Se
      43.5%. The Sp was greater than 95% when at least 4 of the following 6 signs were
      present: global score greater than 4, V/A greater than 4.5, microectasia,
      rheologic disorders, fish shoal, gerontoxons. The more signs associated the more
      the Sp increased; the Se decreased from 40% for one sign to less than 10% for 4
      associated signs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3397671
TI  - [Evaluation of the objectivity of data obtained in direct lymphography in
      patients with post-mastectomy syndrome].
AB  - The post-mastectomy syndrome in 151 patients was investigated by direct
      lymphography with intra-operative determination of endolymphatic pressure and
      lymph node biopsy in 42 cases. Results allowed classification into 4 groups as a
      function of course of lymphatic lesions and selection of patients for either
      bypass or resection surgery.

PMID- 3397672
TI  - [Microsurgery and associated therapies for the treatment of lymphedema of the
      limbs].
AB  - Between 1967 and 1986, 170 cases of primary or secondary lymphedema of upper or
      lower limbs were operated upon using the indirect lymphaticovenous anastomosis
      technique proposed by Degni. For the lymphedema of upper limbs secondary to
      axillary lymphadenectomy for breast cancer, satisfactory results were obtained in
      40% of cases, the figure rising to 72 and 74% for primary and secondary
      lymphedema of lower limbs respectively. When surgery is unsuccessful or
      contraindicated a new therapeutic method is proposed: thermotherapy as developed
      by Pr. Chang's team in Shanghai based on an ancient traditional Chinese medical
      method. With the collaboration of a biomedical engineer, a new microwave oven has
      been constructed and tested for the treatment of lymphedema, and its
      characteristics are described. Treatment is ambulatory, 45 minutes per day, 5
      days per week over 3 weeks. It is very important that patients wear an elastic
      contention stocking (40 mmHg) between sessions. A total of 55 patients have been
      treated in this way, most (45) failing to improve after other medical or surgical
      treatment. All cases treated were of severe lymphedema and subjective and
      objective (ultrasonography) improvement was noted in 51%, the other 49% obtaining
      only subjective relief. According to Chinese authors results are maintained after
      10 years. Follow up of the present series has been a maximum of one year and
      longer surveillance is necessary to assess long-term efficacy.

PMID- 3397673
TI  - [Lymphedema. Diagnostic aspects and therapeutic choices].
AB  - The Authors refer about their experience concerning the present problems in
      relation to the microsurgical treatment of chronic lymphoedema of limbs. They
      deal with the diagnostic protocol they perform today in order to state precisely
      the correct indications and dwell upon the specific microsurgical methods, among
      which the personal one of "lymphatic-venous-lymphatic-plastic", which, in the
      last few years, allowed to overcome the limits and the contra-indications of the
      methods of lympho-venous microanastomoses. Finally, the Authors point out the
      important role played by the medical-physical therapy as an advantageous support
      to the microsurgical therapy of lymphoedema.

PMID- 3397674
TI  - [Chyledema].
AB  - The principal types of reflux of chyle are reviewed in relation to the different
      pathological localizations at which it may occur, these including chylothorax,
      chylopericardium, chyloperitonitis, chylous ascites, exudative enteropathies,
      chyluria, genital chyledema and chylometrorrhea and chylocele, etc. A new
      approach to therapy of these conditions has been provided by microsurgical
      techniques which constitute presently an effective procedure for many cases.

PMID- 3397675
TI  - [Erythermalgia].
AB  - Erythromelalgia is a vascular acrosyndrome affecting mainly the feet and
      triggered by elevation of room temperature. It may be primary, or secondary, in
      particular to a polycythemia, when an increased platelet count plays an essential
      role, explaining the beneficial effect of aspirin or NSAI agents that inhibit
      platelet prostaglandin cyclo-oxygenase. The favorable action of beta-blockers
      could result from the possible existence of an anomaly of cutaneous adrenergic
      nerves.

PMID- 3397676
TI  - [Transcutaneous measurement of oxygen pressure in the diagnosis of vascular
      involvement in diabetes].

PMID- 3397677
TI  - [Cyanotic Raynaud's phenomenon: a peculiar symptomatologic entity].

PMID- 3397678
TI  - [Measurement of pulsatile arterial flow in the limbs: a necessary parameter].

PMID- 3397679
TI  - [The French language, medical literature and vascular pathology: dilemma, ghetto
      or hope?].

PMID- 3397680
TI  - [Histochemical quantification of muscular ischemia: effect of treatment with
      naftidrofuryl].
AB  - Evaluation of degree of muscle ischemia of a limb and its reversibility is a
      poorly resolved practical problem, and it has not been clarified whether
      vasodilatory and circulatory spasmolytic substances possess, in addition to an
      effect of increasing irrigation, any direct action on muscle cell energy
      metabolism. An experimental study used histochemical techniques to evaluate
      oxidative enzyme activity of tissues. The compound tetrazolium nitro-blue (NBT),
      when reduced by tissue dehydrogenases, has the property of producing a dense non
      crystalline blue pigment designated "formazan". During muscle ischemia, the time
      of appearance of this reaction increases with degree of ischemia through the bias
      of the decrease or disappearance of succinate-dehydrogenases. Transient ischemia
      of hindpaw, over 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18 hours, was provoked by tourniquet in 49
      rats treated with a vasodilator (naftidrofuryl) and 21 untreated (control) rats.
      Spontaneous revascularization occurred after removal of the tourniquet. Muscles
      were studied by microsurgical removal of specimens on removal of tourniquet and 1
      and 12 hours and 3, 7 and 14 days after its removal (fig. 1 and 2). Times for
      staining of muscles with tetrazolium were measured and curves of comparative
      times established (fig. 3 and 4). Histopathologic specimens were also obtained at
      the same periods (fig. 5, 6, 7). Results of histochemical studies with
      tetrazolium and with quantitative determination of degree of cellular anoxia
      showed the action of naftidrofuryl to be related to mitochondrial metabolism of
      skeletal muscle, specifically for succinate-dehydrogenase. Clinical application
      in the determination of therapy and of functional prognosis of an ischemic limb
      is a possibility by the use of the NBT test in vascular surgery.

PMID- 3397681
TI  - Prescheduling graphic displays for optimal cancer therapies to reveal possible
      tumor regression or stabilization.
AB  - The paper describes an adaptive control approach to the problem of the treatment
      of solid tumors. The evolution with time t of the state of a tumor is modelled by
      a two-compartment system, governed by two differential equations forming an
      autonomous system under therapy control u, (formula; see text) where y1 and y2
      are the number of proliferating and nonproliferating cells, respectively. The
      output is analyzed in the phase plane y1y2. The control problem is that of
      restricting the tumor state to a predetermined region of the plane by selecting a
      suitable change in therapy control u, e.g., modality and dosage, when the state
      solution intersects the boundary of this region and the ratio y1/y2 of
      proliferating to nonproliferating cells is displayed together with an elapsed
      time scale. Then, consequent selection of a suitable therapeutic sequence may be
      assisted by the use of a data base as part of an expert system. The process is
      repeated at each intersection of the prescribed boundary. Such sequences may lead
      to stabilization of the system through the appearance on a computer display
      screen of a stable equilibrium point or a limit cycle.

PMID- 3397682
TI  - A personal computer database system for head and neck cancer records.
AB  - The computerized database system described was initially developed in 1986 to
      facilitate analysis of retrospective head and neck cancer data from the Royal
      Adelaide Hospital Department of Otolaryngology. This has now been expanded to
      become an on-going patient information management system. It is based on the
      dBase-III-Plus database package and is implemented on an IBM XT compatible
      computer. The system was designed to be used by staff without specialist computer
      skills and is therefore largely "menu-driven." The main functions include patient
      record creation, update, and retrieval, and the production of reports including
      graphical presentations. There is also a powerful but easy to use query facility.
      The system has already provided much useful epidemiological material but is now
      beginning to fulfill an even more important role in patient follow-up and in
      assisting evaluation of alternative treatment protocols.

PMID- 3397683
TI  - The impact of prospective pricing on the information system in the health care
      industry.
AB  - The move from a retrospective payment system (value added) to a prospective
      payment system (diagnostic related) has not only influenced the health care
      business but also changed their information systems' requirements. The change in
      requirements can be attributed both to an increase in data processing tasks and
      also to an increase in the need for information to more effectively manage the
      organization. A survey was administered to capture the response of health care
      institutions, in the area of information systems, to the prospective payment
      system. The survey results indicate that the majority of health care institutions
      have responded by increasing their information resources, both in terms of
      hardware and software, and have moved to integrate the medical and financial
      data. In addition, the role of the information system has changed from a cost
      accounting system to one intended to provide a competitive edge in a highly
      competitive marketing environment.

PMID- 3397684
TI  - Incidence and risk factors of deep vein thrombosis among Thai patients--their
      implications on patients' management.

PMID- 3397685
TI  - Etiology of urticaria: a study of 500 patients.

PMID- 3397686
TI  - Effects of spray dried garlic preparation on primary hyperlipoproteinemia.

PMID- 3397688
TI  - Study of phenylketonuria incidence in Thai children.

PMID- 3397687
TI  - Serum folate, vitamin B12 and vitamin B12 binding protein in vegetarians.

PMID- 3397689
TI  - Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome (angiographic finding in one case report).

PMID- 3397692
TI  - Atrial dissociation revisited.

PMID- 3397691
TI  - The purpose of the Journal of Electrocardiology.

PMID- 3397690
TI  - Lingual gnathostomiasis: a case report.

PMID- 3397693
TI  - A case of atrial dissociation.
AB  - A patient with brain tumor without cardiopulmonary abnormalities whose
      electrocardiogram revealed atrial dissociation is described. The rate of ectopic
      atrial rhythm was 207 beats/min and this rhythm was considered to originate from
      the superior, posterior and lateral portion of the left atrium.

PMID- 3397694
TI  - Atrial dissociation. A case of unilateral slow atrial rhythm.
AB  - Atrial dissociation is a very rare, transient arrhythmia frequently associated
      with intractable congestive heart failure. A case of atrial dissociation in a 48
      year-old woman was observed in the first 72 hours of her recent inferolateral and
      probably atrial infarction. The slow unilateral rhythm was registered in the
      presence of sinus rhythm, 2:1 AV block, advanced AV block and ventricular
      pacemaker stimulation, respectively. The simultaneous right atrial electrogram
      indicated the origin of the isolated slow rhythm as left atrial. After temporary
      pacemaker therapy the atrial dissociation disappeared within three days; on the
      fifth day the normal sinus rhythm was restored spontaneously.

PMID- 3397695
TI  - Diaphragmatic origin of false atrial dissociation evidenced through intra
      vascular recordings.
AB  - In a patient suffering from respiratory insufficiency, an atrial dissociation
      pattern was found in the surface ECG recording, having the appearance of ectopic
      P waves, independent from sinus P waves and followed by microfibrillation waves
      of 450 ms duration. No electrical activity corresponding to the presumed ectopic
      P waves could be recorded from left and right atria. Conversely, such activity
      was recorded from the inferior vena cava (IVC) 1.5 cm below its junction with the
      right atrium, with a maximum amplitude; the occurrence and duration of these
      recordings appeared to be exactly synchronized with surface ectopic P
      waves/microfibrillation aspects and the inspiratory phase of respiration.
      Intravascular recording can be considered as a useful procedure to differentiate
      false and actual atrial dissociation.

PMID- 3397696
TI  - Electrocardiographic body surface potential maps of the QRS and T of normal young
      men. Qualitative description and selected quantifications.
AB  - A qualitative and quantitative analysis of the Body Surface Potential Maps (BSPM)
      of 40 young men, ages 19-41, is presented utilizing a 180 electrode system, with
      135 anterior leads and 45 posterior leads. Evidence for epicardial right
      ventricular breakthrough was demonstrated in 36/40 at 27.9 +/- 6.8 ms, whereas
      our previous studies on normal children (average age 12.5 years) have
      demonstrated evidence for epicardial right ventricular breakthrough at 25.0 +/-
      8.9 ms. The peak-to-peak magnitude at maximal potential (at 42.3 +/- 4.8 ms) was
      not significantly different from that of the children (4,430 +/- 1,165 microV),
      and the peak-to-peak magnitude of ST-T was virtually the same as that of the
      children (1,182 +/- 376.2 microV). The terminal activation pattern of late QRS on
      the body surface map appeared in the true posterior, anterior superior, posterior
      right superior and/or right anterior superior positions, in order of frequency.
      There were other regions appearing less frequently. In contrast, this pattern in
      children was seen only in the anterior superior, right anterior superior,
      posterior right superior, and true posterior in order of frequency. In 18/40, the
      body surface manifestation of repolarization was seen an average of 9.4 +/- 4.8
      ms before the end of the QRS. A new pseudocolor display with 31 color levels
      representing body surface potentials allowed excellent resolution of isopotential
      detail.

PMID- 3397698
TI  - The effect of variations of ventricular volume on the electrocardiogram. A
      comparison of two model simulations.
AB  - Two previously published models of the electrocardiogram are compared and
      evaluated to determine the causes and nature of the relationship between
      variations in ventricular volumes and surface potential. Both models included a
      relatively high conductivity spherical heart in a spherical torso, but in one the
      source was a single dipole, while in the other the source was a double-layer
      spherical cap. Volume conductor effects (that is the change in electrical
      conductivity of the torso associated with ventricular volume changes) caused a
      decrease in surface potential with increase in ventricular volume. Changes in
      position of the heart and of the strength of the activation wavefront with
      increases in volume may explain the increase in surface potential with
      ventricular volume observed in experimental studies.

PMID- 3397697
TI  - ST-segment fluctuation during treadmill exercise in patients with angina
      pectoris.
AB  - The level of the ST-segment fluctuates transiently during treadmill exercise in
      some patients with angina pectoris. In the present study, the incidence and
      clinical significance of ST-segment fluctuation were studied before and after
      propranolol in 52 patients with angina pectoris. A transient greater than 0.5-mm
      (0.05 mV) upward shift of the ST-segment during a graded treadmill test was
      considered a significant fluctuation in leads without signs of previous
      myocardial infarction. The fluctuation was observed in three of 30 patients with
      rest or rest and effort angina pectoris before propranolol and in 14 of them
      after propranolol, while only one of 22 patients with effort angina alone showed
      fluctuation after the drug. Coronary arteriography revealed that in 15 patients
      showing ST-segment fluctuation with propranolol, seven patients had no
      significant coronary stenosis, six had one-vessel disease and two had two-vessel
      disease. In 24 patients with documented coronary artery spasm, ST-segment
      fluctuation was induced in two (8%) before propranolol and in 13 (54%) after
      propranolol. Our results suggest that ST-segment fluctuation during graded
      treadmill exercise may be related to transient coronary vasospasms exacerbated by
      propranolol.

PMID- 3397700
TI  - Isomagnetic maps in right ventricular overloading.
AB  - Isomagnetic maps were recorded in normal subjects and in patients with systolic
      overloading of the right ventricle. The isomagnetic maps examined in this study
      indicated the instantaneous current source of the heart by applying the
      "corkscrew rule." The magnetic field recorded by a second derivative gradiometer
      detected clearly the cardiac current source from the right ventricle, which is
      located close to the anterior chest wall, and improved diagnostic sensitivity.
      Moreover, the isomagnetic map showed multiple dipoles, which are difficult to
      detect in the electrocardiogram or isopotential map. These results suggest that
      the magnetocardiogram provides useful information on current sources to
      supplement information obtained by the conventional electrocardiogram.

PMID- 3397699
TI  - The P wave in the magnetocardiogram.
AB  - The P wave of the magnetocardiogram (MCG) was investigated in normal subjects and
      in patients with right and left atrial overloading. In normal subjects, the MCG P
      wave was positive at right lower sternal sites and negative in the other
      portions. The current source deduced from the MCG and the isomagnetic map was
      directed inferiorly and to the left throughout the entire phase of atrial
      activation. In patients with right atrial overloading, the direction of the
      current source deduced from the MCG was similar to that of normal subjects, but
      its amplitude was significantly greater. In left atrial overloadings, a negative
      positive biphasic P wave was seen more frequently than in normal subjects at left
      parasternal sites. In the late phase of atrial activation, the MCG could detect
      the two dipoles, i.e. one directed inferiorly and other directed to the left.
      These dipoles might correspond to right and left atrial activities, respectively.
      These results show that the MCG might add useful information on current source to
      the conventional electrocardiogram.

PMID- 3397701
TI  - Analysis of the T wave of the magnetocardiogram in patients with essential
      hypertension by means of isomagnetic and vector arrow maps.
AB  - Magnetocardiograms (MCGs) of 50 normal subjects and 40 patients with essential
      hypertension were recorded to determine the value of the MCG for detecting
      abnormal repolarization. Among the patients with essential hypertension, there
      were nine cases (22.5%) in whom isopotential maps did not show rightward
      repolarization vectors but isomagnetic and vector arrow maps showed a rightward
      repolarization vector in some areas in addition to the normal repolarization
      vector. Departure maps of the ECG showed an increased repolarization vector
      directed anteriorly in some of these cases. The repolarization abnormality was
      recognized in only the MCG departure map in four cases, while no case showed
      abnormality in only the ECG departure map. With the progress of hypertension, the
      repolarization abnormality was seen more frequently and its detection using the
      MCG was higher than that using the ECG. Furthermore, multiple dipoles were
      detected more frequently from the MCG than from the ECG. Thus the MCG seems more
      useful than the ECG in the analysis of repolarization abnormalities in essential
      hypertension.

PMID- 3397704
TI  - Legalizing drugs is moral cowardice.

PMID- 3397702
TI  - Effect of acute hypertension on the cardiac rhythm. Experimental observations.
AB  - An acute increase in blood pressure (BP) may be associated with the genesis of
      ventricular ectopy. Fourteen anesthetized dogs were examined to find out whether
      the critical pressure that causes an arrhythmia may be an index of the tendency
      of the myocardium to generate ectopic rhythms. An acute change in BP was produced
      321 times using an arterial pressure reservoir or aortic obstruction or a
      metaraminol infusion or, inversely, arterial bleeding. Each time the BP was
      increased, cardiac arrhythmias appeared and each time the BP was decreased the
      cardiac arrhythmias disappeared. The most common type of arrhythmia was
      ventricular ectopy (123/167 acute BP increases), usually in a form of bigeminy.
      The next most common rhythm disturbance was atrioventricular block (32/167 acute
      BP increases), especially when a constant rate was achieved by atrial pacing. The
      BP above which an arrhythmia appeared varied greatly among different animals
      (189.0 +/- 55.1 mmHg, means +/- SD). It was significantly (p less than 0.01)
      reduced (-29.0 +/- 17.1 mmHg) following coronary ligation and significantly (p
      less than 0.05) raised (+/- 41.6 +/- 38.7 mmHg) following lidocaine
      administration. The incidence of ventricular ectopy on increasing the BP was
      significantly higher at low heart rates in ten experiments, lower in two and not
      significantly different in 14. The incidence of premature ventricular complexes,
      the degree of atrioventricular block and the PR interval in first-degree
      atrioventricular block, whenever these rhythm disorders appeared, were a function
      of the BP level. It is concluded that an acute increase in BP may cause rhythm
      disturbances, usually in the form of ventricular ectopy and/or atrioventricular
      block.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3397703
TI  - Estrous influence on surgical cure of a mouse breast cancer.
AB  - We have studied the effect of estrous stage, as reflected by vaginal cellularity,
      at the time of surgical resection of an estrogen receptor-bearing mammary
      adenocarcinoma upon the metastatic potential of that tumor in the C3HeB/FeJ
      mouse. Presence of the tumor prolonged the length of the estrous cycle by
      approximately 25% and removal of the tumor returned the cycle to its usual
      duration. Neither estrous stage at tumor implant nor size of tumor at resection
      (within a small range) had significant independent effects upon differences
      observed in the incidence of subsequent pulmonary metastases. However, estrous
      stage at time of surgical removal of the tumor, as reflected by cell types in
      vaginal smear, markedly affected whether or not metastases ultimately appeared.
      Because the estrous cycle in mice, comparable to the human menstrual cycle,
      reflects high-amplitude, rhythmic changes in hormone concentrations, it may be
      that the hormonal status of a women at the time of tumor resection is an
      important determinant of whether or not that breast cancer ultimately
      metastasizes.

PMID- 3397705
TI  - Too many doctors? Maybe it's a blessing.

PMID- 3397706
TI  - Tuberculosis--threshold of an epidemic?

PMID- 3397708
TI  - Surgeon's acute carpal tunnel syndrome: an occupational hazard?

PMID- 3397707
TI  - Psychiatric problems of a rapidly growing retirement region.

PMID- 3397709
TI  - MRI of the testicle: preliminary observations.

PMID- 3397710
TI  - Mandatory risk management in CME: two year's experience.

PMID- 3397711
TI  - Influence of sodium concentrations in potassium cardioplegic solution on
      myocardial protection.

PMID- 3397712
TI  - The study of maternal and fetal cord blood urea nitrogen at delivery in normal
      pregnancy and toxemia of pregnancy.

PMID- 3397713
TI  - Cord blood screening for alpha-thalassemia in northern Taiwan.

PMID- 3397714
TI  - Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections.

PMID- 3397715
TI  - Histologic observations on oral cancer lesions after adjuvant chemotherapy.

PMID- 3397716
TI  - Histopathological responses of the temporomandibular joint to injuries:
      regeneration of the mandibular condyle after condylectomy and polysulfone
      reconstruction in the Macaca cyclopsis monkeys.

PMID- 3397717
TI  - Analysis of the results of reconstructive surgery for vasculogenic impotence.

PMID- 3397718
TI  - Immune responses to hepatitis B surface antigen in inbred mice.

PMID- 3397719
TI  - [Correlation of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) content in resected tissue with
      serum CEA levels in patients with gastric carcinoma].

PMID- 3397720
TI  - [Catheter-related problems in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis].

PMID- 3397721
TI  - Pyomyositis: report of a case.

PMID- 3397722
TI  - Adrenal cyst associated with hypertension: report of a case.

PMID- 3397723
TI  - Isolated internal iliac aneurysm with neurologic manifestations: report of a
      pediatric case.

PMID- 3397724
TI  - Factors influencing the generation of immunity to hepatitis B surface antigen in
      mice.

PMID- 3397725
TI  - A clinical study of Klebsiella liver abscess.

PMID- 3397726
TI  - Hepatic hemangioma in infancy and early childhood.

PMID- 3397727
TI  - Surgical treatment of craniopharyngioma: analysis of 32 cases.

PMID- 3397728
TI  - Single burr-hole craniostomy with closed-system suction drainage in treatment of
      chronic subdural hematomas.

PMID- 3397729
TI  - Determination of left ventricular volumes by radionuclide angiocardiography.

PMID- 3397731
TI  - The roles of cosmetics and the production rate of skin surface lipids in facial
      dermatitis.

PMID- 3397730
TI  - Antifibrin monoclonal antibody: its production, characterization and application
      in thrombus imaging.

PMID- 3397732
TI  - Temporomandibular joint changes following mandibular fracture treated by
      miniplate osteosynthesis in the Macaca cyclopsis monkeys.

PMID- 3397733
TI  - Correlates of CES-D depressive scores in the elderly of a rural community.

PMID- 3397734
TI  - [Continuous monitoring of pleural liquid pressure and blood oxygen saturation
      during chest tapping].

PMID- 3397735
TI  - [Cell, albumin and immunoglobulin component of broncho-alveolar lavage fluid in
      non-smokers and smokers].

PMID- 3397736
TI  - Spinal subpial lipoma: report of 3 cases.

PMID- 3397737
TI  - Intradural herniated lumbar disc: report of a case.

PMID- 3397738
TI  - [Disseminated strongyloidiasis: report of a case].

PMID- 3397739
TI  - Calcar resorption after total hip arthroplasty.
AB  - Calcar resorption is a significant complication after total hip arthroplasty and
      may result in technical problems at revision of failed hip arthroplasties.
      Radiographs and patient data from a series of 129 consecutive primary total hip
      arthroplasties were evaluated 5 years after surgery to study factors associated
      with calcar resorption. The incidence of calcar resorption was 21%. Primary
      positive calcar-collar contact reduced the incidence of calcar resorption.
      Sufficient cementation of the medullary canal significantly reduced the incidence
      of calcar resorption, as did neutral and valgus positioning of the femoral
      component. Loosening of the acetabular component occurred more often in the group
      with calcar resorption. Middle-aged patients and men were more prone to develop
      resorption of the calcar. Calcar resorption may be influenced by surgical
      technique. Alteration of the operative technique is recommended, with emphasis on
      correct valgus or neutral position of the femoral component, a positive calcar
      collar contact, and improved cementation.

PMID- 3397741
TI  - Distal cortical hypertrophy following total hip arthroplasty.
AB  - Through a retrospective evaluation of 1,683 consecutive total hip arthroplasties
      performed exclusively by the senior author, a progressive occurrence of distal
      cortical hypertrophy of the bone on the medial and/or lateral portion of the
      femur was noted in 58 hips. All patients with evidence of hypertrophy had age,
      sex, weight, prosthetic design and alignment, radiolucency, and calcar resorption
      noted. A control was established by randomly selecting an equal number of
      patients without distal cortical hypertrophy for direct statistical comparison.
      It was concluded that hypertrophy following total hip arthroplasty is a result of
      abnormal stress distribution in the loaded femur and is not an indication of pain
      or loosening. Women with the stainless steel T-28 prosthesis were the most prone
      to hypertrophy.

PMID- 3397740
TI  - Prolonged suppression of infection in total hip arthroplasty.
AB  - Nineteen periprosthetic infections after total hip arthroplasty were treated with
      prolonged suppressive antibiotics without removing the components. In 11,
      antibiotic therapy was monitored with serum bactericidal titers. Eleven had
      incision and drainage. Indications included patients' refusal of removal or
      medical contraindications to surgery. Requirements included well-fixed
      components, highly sensitive organisms, and no systemic sepsis. The follow-up
      period averaged 4.1 years after treatment. Nine hips showed no deterioration.
      Seven prostheses failed, five with progressive hip sepsis. Three patients had
      increasing symptoms without prosthesis removal. Although two-stage reimplantation
      is preferred, suppressive antibiotics and prosthesis retention can succeed in
      some patients and may be considered in old, frail patients with an early
      infection caused by bacteria responsive to oral antibiotic therapy. Suppressive
      therapy may also be considered for an otherwise compliant patient who refuses
      removal of an infected prosthesis. The organism must be sensitive to oral
      antibiotics, and the patient must be tolerant of the antibiotics.

PMID- 3397742
TI  - An analysis of factors affecting the long-term results of total shoulder
      arthroplasty in inflammatory arthritis.
AB  - The authors studied 36 patients undergoing 50 total shoulder arthroplasties for
      inflammatory arthritis with an average follow-up period of 5 years (range, 2-9
      years). There were 7 men and 29 women. Twenty-nine patients (38 shoulders) had
      rheumatoid arthritis, 6 patients (11 shoulders) had systemic lupus erythematosus,
      and 1 patient (1 shoulder) had psoriatic arthritis. Twenty-four of the procedures
      were performed on the dominant hand. Twenty-one patients (32 shoulders) were
      receiving steroids, chemotherapeutic agents, or Gold therapy at the time of
      arthroplasty. Using the Hospital for Special Surgery scoring system, 22 shoulders
      had excellent, 18 good, 1 fair, and 9 poor results. Forty-eight of 50 shoulders
      had satisfactory pain relief. The average shoulder score was 85 points (range, 50
      100 points). There were no reoperations, infections, or persistent nerve palsies
      and no symptomatically loose prostheses, although there were three cases of
      glenoid component shift. Eighteen glenoid components and 4 humeral components had
      radiolucent lines and in two cases metaphyseal bone atrophy was noted about the
      proximal humerus with firm cement fixation and bone hypertrophy about the stem
      tip. Total shoulder arthroplasty provides a predictable reconstructive
      alternative for patients with inflammatory arthritis. Overall functional results
      are related to the biologic condition and motivation of the patient, the status
      of the rotator cuff, and prosthesis alignment.

PMID- 3397743
TI  - The bipolar endoprosthesis in avascular necrosis of the femoral head.
AB  - The authors reviewed the clinical and radiographic results of 31 bipolar hip
      arthroplasties performed for avascular necrosis in 24 patients. The average
      patient age at the time of operation was 43 years, and the average follow-up
      period was 4.6 years. Using a modified Hospital for Special Surgery hip rating
      system, the results were excellent in eight hips, good in seven, fair in eight,
      and poor in eight. Eight hips had residual pain despite a satisfactory rating.
      Four hips have required revision. There was a correlation between the patient's
      age and preoperative radiographic stage and the clinical result. Abduction
      adduction weight-bearing radiographs showed that only 33% of the hips had
      significant inner-bearing motion. Superior acetabular cartilage narrowing or
      migration of the acetabular component was seen in 14 hips. Femoral component
      subsidence occurred in seven hips.

PMID- 3397744
TI  - A new device to aid knee surgery. A leg-positioning mechanism.
AB  - A novel leg-positioning and holding mechanism has been developed to facilitate
      knee surgery. The normal thigh tourniquet is used as the point of attachment of
      the mechanism. The knee may be placed in any of the positions desired for knee
      surgery by means of a single control lever. To facilitate alignment during
      arthroplasty a pointer has been incorporated to indicate the midline of the limb.
      The leg positioner has proved useful during knee arthroplasty, high tibial
      osteotomy, arthroscopic procedures, and ligament reconstruction. Its use has
      reduced fatigue, freed the assistant for other tasks, and held the limb more
      firmly than was possible hitherto.

PMID- 3397745
TI  - ICLH knee arthroplasty. A consecutive study of 108 knees with uncemented tibial
      component fixation.
AB  - One hundred eight ICLH knee arthroplasties with cementless tibial component
      fixation were performed from 1978 through 1982 in Gothenburg, Sweden. The
      patients were followed for 2-8 years (mean, 4 years) with clinical and
      radiographic examinations at regular intervals, and the data were computer
      analyzed. Patellar subluxation-dislocation, often accompanied by pain, occurred
      in 50% of the knees. Eleven arthroplasties failed due to aseptic loosening.
      Survival rate analysis performed using three different definitions of failure
      resulted in cumulative success rates after 8 years of 86%, 78%, and 72%. Most
      failures occurred between 2 and 5 years after surgery. Patients with bilateral
      arthritis were overrepresented among the failures. There was a significant
      correlation between failure and poor bone sclerosis around the polyethylene pegs.
      Most patients can be treated with cementless fixation, but other types of
      fixation should be considered for elderly patients and patients with severe
      bilateral disease.

PMID- 3397747
TI  - Distribution of bone strength in the proximal tibia.
AB  - Indentation tests were used to determine the ultimate strength of the proximal
      tibia. Measurements were made at the subchondral bone surface and on transverse
      planes up to 25 mm below the surface. Medial condyles were stronger than lateral
      condyles, and in both cases bone strength decreased abruptly with distance from
      the surface, especially over the first 5 mm. The mean bone strength was greater
      in men than in women in both condyles, especially in the harder upper layers. The
      areas of greatest strength on both the medial and lateral sides varied with
      depth. At the surface, maximum strength in the medial region was more posterior
      in men than in women. With increasing depth, the area shifted medially in the
      medial region and laterally in the lateral region. Spatial distribution of
      strength across planes of the tibia seems consistent with anticipated patterns of
      load distribution in weight bearing and with the contiguity of the trabecular
      bone. The data are relevant to an understanding of normal joint mechanics and to
      the design and placement of prostheses in total knee arthroplasty.

PMID- 3397746
TI  - Alumina ceramic prosthesis arthroplasty of the metacarpophalangeal joint in the
      rheumatoid hand. A 2-4-year follow-up study.
AB  - Swanson's finger implant is being widely used to improve deformity of the thumb
      and finger and to restore function in the rheumatoid hand. Breakage of the
      implant and implant synovitis have been the most troublesome complications. The
      authors developed an alumina ceramic finger prosthesis to lessen these
      complications. This prosthesis was used for the metacarpophalangeal joint in 5
      cases of flexion deformity of the thumb and in 21 cases (82 digits) with ulnar
      drift deformity. These cases were followed for 24-62 months (average, 38 months).
      Postoperative extension of the thumb was limited to 18 degrees and flexion was 48
      degrees, on average. Postoperative range of motion was 30 degrees. The average
      limitation of extension of all digits was 18 degrees, and the average flexion was
      54.5 degrees. The average range of motion was 36.5 degrees. Flexion deformity of
      the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb disappeared after operation, and ulnar
      drift was reduced to less than 10 degrees deviation in 87.8%. No dislocation or
      fracture of the prosthesis has been found on roentgenologic examination during
      short-term follow-up study. This prosthesis is useful for reducing deformity of
      the thumb and the finger in the rheumatoid hand. Postoperative extension of the
      metacarpophalangeal joint, however, has been unsatisfactory. The design of the
      prosthesis should be improved so that the rotational center of the
      metacarpophalangeal joint is located palmarly.

PMID- 3397748
TI  - Patella baja complicating total knee arthroplasty. A report of two cases.
AB  - Severe noniatrogenic patella baja is a rare condition. Two cases were seen
      accompanying severe osteoarthritis of the knee. In both cases, following total
      knee arthroplasty the patella failed to make contact with the femoral component.
      The tibial tubercle had to be shifted proximally 2 cm to restore the normal joint
      mechanics. In one case, dislocation of the patella to gain access to the knee
      could be achieved only with osteotomy of the tibial tubercle. The technique of
      tibial tubercle elevation adopted was to raise a long bone flap. This allowed the
      tibial tubercle to be moved proximally and anchored securely.

PMID- 3397749
TI  - Elevated partial thromboplastin time as an indicator of hemorrhagic risk in
      postoperative patients on warfarin prophylaxis.
AB  - Warfarin provides effective prophylaxis against postoperative venous
      thromboembolic complications in adults undergoing elective hip surgery, but at
      the risk of increased bleeding complications. Although patients on this drug are
      routinely monitored by prothrombin time (PT), mild elevations of the partial
      thromboplastin time (PTT) have been reported with warfarin therapy. In a
      prospective study of 194 patients undergoing elective hip surgery, the authors
      assessed the incidence of elevation of the PTT above 50 seconds while the patient
      was receiving warfarin prophylaxis and the effect of this elevation on bleeding
      complications. The prophylactic warfarin was begun the night prior to surgery.
      Thirty-eight patients (19.6%) had a PTT greater than 50 seconds (group 1) and 156
      had milder or no elevation of the PTT (group 2). The mean maximum PTT in group 1
      was 61.2 ( +/- 12.9), versus 39.9 ( +/- 5.0) seconds in group 2. Major
      postoperative bleeding complications occurred in 26.3% of group 1 patients,
      versus 4.5% of group 2 (P less than .01). This subset of patients with an
      abnormal PTT elevation despite appropriate control of the PT is at a
      significantly increased risk of major postoperative bleeding. This observation
      may also prove valuable in reducing bleeding complications from warfarin use in
      nonsurgical patients.

PMID- 3397750
TI  - Anterior femoral notching and ipsilateral supracondylar femur fracture in total
      knee arthroplasty.
AB  - The authors reviewed 670 total knee arthroplasties with a 2-10-year follow-up
      period. Of these, 180 knees had anterior femoral notching, which was deeper than
      3 mm in 138. Two of the 670 knees suffered ipsilateral supracondylar fractures;
      one of these had a notched femur and one did not. Both fractures occurred at the
      anterior patellar flange-bone junction. No correlation was found between anterior
      femoral notching and ipsilateral supracondylar femur fracture.

PMID- 3397751
TI  - Bilateral simultaneous total knee arthroplasty.

PMID- 3397752
TI  - Outcome of infected total hip arthroplasty. An inclusive, consecutive series.
AB  - Twenty-one infected total hip arthroplasties in 19 patients performed between
      1971 and 1982 were prospectively followed, using a computerized standard
      orthopaedic arthritis record. These cases represent an inclusive and unselected,
      consecutive series. The mean follow-up period from time of infection was 4.8
      years (range, 1.2-11.7 years). Infection was diagnosed by positive bacteriologic
      culture. Ten hips grew a staphylococcal species, 5 a single gram-negative
      organism, 1 a Streptococcus, and 5 multiple organisms. At final follow-up
      evaluation, only three hips (14%) had the previously infected prosthesis still in
      situ, and these had no evidence of ongoing deep infection. Five additional hips
      (24%) were successfully salvaged after one- or two-stage prosthetic exchange. Two
      hips (10%) have an infected prosthesis in situ. Eleven hips (52%) had resection
      arthroplasty, three after attempts at prosthetic reinsertion. Therefore, at final
      follow-up evaluation, only 8 of the 21 hips (38%) have an apparently infection
      free salvaged or reinserted prosthesis in place. Good prognostic factors for
      prosthetic salvage/successful reinsertion include Staphylococcus epidermidis
      infection and a traumatic etiology necessitating later hip arthroplasty. Poor
      prognostic factors include infection with Staphylococcus aureus or multiple
      organisms and a preoperative diagnosis of avascular necrosis.

PMID- 3397753
TI  - The Environmental Protection Agency's Hazardous Waste Research and Development
      Program.

PMID- 3397754
TI  - Indoor residential NO2 concentrations in Albuquerque, New Mexico.

PMID- 3397755
TI  - Including uncertainty in assessments of sulfur oxide health risks.

PMID- 3397756
TI  - Air quality model evaluation and uncertainty.

PMID- 3397757
TI  - A comparative study of environmental tobacco smoke particulate mass measurements
      in an environmental chamber.

PMID- 3397758
TI  - Hazardous waste minimization: Part III. Waste minimization in the paint and
      allied products industry.

PMID- 3397759
TI  - Prognosis in SLE: comparison of Markov model to life table analysis.
AB  - A Markov model of prognosis was evaluated by comparing the duration of disease
      activity states and life expectancy with Kaplan-Meier survival curves for 98
      patients with systemic lupus erythematosus with 1080 patient-years of
      observation. A four state (remission, active, flare and death) homogeneous Markov
      chain was constructed to determine the transition probabilities between disease
      states, the probability of disease states over the subsequent 25 years, time in
      each disease state, and life expectancy. Approximately 85% of the clinical course
      of patients was in the active disease state; no patient made a transition
      directly between remission and flare; virtually all deaths occurred from the
      flare disease state. The proportion of the patient population in each disease
      state over time provided a convenient graphic summary of the natural history of
      SLE that supplemented the Kaplan-Meier survival curves. A Markov model analysis
      yields a clinically useful description of outcome for multistate diseases that
      supplements survival curves.

PMID- 3397760
TI  - Methodologic considerations in measuring glycosylated hemoglobin in epidemiologic
      studies.
AB  - Multiple linear regression was used to predict an incubated glycosylated
      hemoglobin value from the unincubated value and blood glucose. Hemoglobin A1
      (HbA1) was measured by a disposable microcolumn technique in a large,
      geographically defined population of diabetic persons in southern Wisconsin.
      During the study, incubation of blood samples to remove pre-A1c was implemented.
      Multiple linear regression using data from a group of 788 patients yielded the
      equation: incubated HbA1 = 0.897 (non-incubated HbA1)-0.00332 (blood glucose) +
      0.388. This equation was "validated" by substituting the calculated value of
      incubated HbA1 for the actual value in a multinomial logistic regression with
      diabetic retinopathy as the dependent variable. Little change in the model
      resulted from the substitution. Further validation was obtained from an
      independent sample of diabetic persons. Calculated values of incubated HbA1 were
      an average of 0.4% lower than the actual values.

PMID- 3397761
TI  - Comparing change in longitudinal studies: adjusting for initial value.
AB  - Adjustment for initial value may yield misleading results when comparing change
      over time in two populations. This paper presents a methodology for correcting
      for the effects of regression to the mean when change over time is regressed on
      standardized initial level. The results are used to examine the bias introduced
      by failing to correct for the effects of regression to the mean in the two sample
      problem. We also examine the implications of adjusting for initial value in
      certain observational studies. When group assignment is known to be related to
      initial value, we argue that this adjustment procedure is inappropriate. The
      results are illustrated using data from a longitudinal study of lung function
      decline.

PMID- 3397762
TI  - Diabetes mellitus and arteriographically-documented coronary artery disease.
AB  - Diabetics are at increased risk for coronary heart disease even after accounting
      for other risk factors, and the impact of diabetes mellitus may be particularly
      strong among females and at adverse levels of other risk factors. Therefore, the
      independent relation of diabetes to arteriographically-documented coronary artery
      disease (CAD) was examined in 5620 patients (18% female) referred to two
      Milwaukee hospitals from 1972 to 1986. As assessed by questionnaire, the
      prevalence of diabetes mellitus among these patients was 8% (n = 466). Diabetics
      had increased CAD (assessed by the number and severity of stenoses) even after
      accounting for levels of total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,
      triglycerides, hypertension, obesity, smoking, and alcohol consumption. In
      addition, regression analyses indicated that as compared with nondiabetics,
      female diabetics tended to have a greater increase in CAD than did male diabetics
      (p = 0.06 for sex x diabetes interaction). Although adverse levels of other risk
      factors did not increase the association between diabetes and CAD, female
      diabetics who were using oral hypoglycemics or insulin showed almost a two-fold
      increase in CAD severity (p less than 0.01). Results suggest that the higher
      relative risk of coronary heart disease among female (vs male) diabetics may be
      due to a proportionately greater increase in atherosclerosis.

PMID- 3397763
TI  - Assessing the importance of an independent variable in multiple regression: is
      stepwise unwise?
AB  - Two procedures for evaluating the importance of an independent variable are
      reviewed: the allocation of R2 method and the significance method.
      Multicollinearity severely hampers attempts to evaluate an independent variable
      using the allocation of R2 method. The significance method relies on assessing
      the stochastic, "magnitudinal", (or clinical) and practical significance of an
      independent variable and does not suffer as severely from the ravages of
      multicollinearity. An example of the limitations of allocations of R2 method in
      stepwise regression is discussed and another interpretation of the results using
      the significance approach is suggested.

PMID- 3397764
TI  - Brain metastases with an unknown primary: a clinical perspective.
AB  - A review of 43 patients with cerebral metastases, an unknown primary, and no
      other sites of metastases is presented. 27/43 (62.7%) had solitary metastases and
      37.2% (16/43) had multiple metastases. Surgical treatment involved complete
      resection in 30.2%, subtotal resection in 37.2% and biopsy alone or no surgical
      procedure in the remainder. 39/43 patients underwent whole brain irradiation with
      the majority receiving 3,000-4,000 rads/10-20 fractions. Overall survival was 52%
      at six months and 20% at one year, and was significantly better in patients with
      solitary as opposed to multiple metastases (p less than 0.03). A failure analysis
      including autopsy data demonstrates that (28/41) 68.3% of patients died of
      progressive intracranial disease without extracerebral metastases. Implications
      for treatment strategies are discussed.

PMID- 3397765
TI  - Characteristics of patients with short and long survivals after detection of
      intracranial metastases from breast cancer.
AB  - The clinical course of 106 patients with brain metastases from breast cancer was
      retrospectively studied. Median time of survival after detection of intracranial
      metastases (SAR(ICM] was 14 weeks (95% confidence limits: 10-19 weeks), and 25%
      of the patients survived for more than 37 weeks, while only 17% survived for one
      year. The occurrence of clinical, pathoanatomical and therapeutical variables in
      these patients were analyzed in a subgroup of 57 patients, who survived for less
      than 16 weeks, and compared with a subgroup of 49 patients, who survived for more
      than 16 weeks after detection brain metastases. None of the variables studied
      were associated with either of the two prognostic groups. Patients with short
      SAR(ICM) had, however, a greater number of extra-cranial metastases at recurrence
      in the brain compared to patients with SAR(ICM) more than 16 weeks (p = 0.07).
      Patients with SAR(ICM) less than 16 weeks had a somewhat shorter recurrence-free
      interval (p = 0.22) and a significantly shorter time from primary diagnosis until
      detection of brain metastases (p = 0.04). Probably as a consequence of this,
      these patients had a shorter survival from primary diagnosis as well as from
      first recurrence. The findings may indicate that the differences in survival of
      patients with brain metastases are mainly due to differences in the rate of
      disease progression.

PMID- 3397766
TI  - Cerebral herniation in patients receiving cisplatin.
AB  - 5 Patients with intracranial mass lesions are described who experienced cerebral
      herniation and coma following intravenous cisplatin therapy. Although the
      pathogenesis of the acute cerebral swelling is unknown, it is most likely
      multifactorial. Possible contributing factors include pre-existing cerebral
      edema, acute hypo-osmolality with fluid shifts into an already swollen brain,
      seizures and possible direct neurotoxicity of cisplatin.

PMID- 3397767
TI  - Leukoencephalopathy complicating intraventricular catheters: clinical,
      radiographic and pathologic study of 10 cases.
AB  - Ten patients with implanted Ommaya devices developed pericatheter white matter
      lesions, apparent as focal lucenaries on computed tomographic scan sometimes with
      contrast enhancement and/or mass effect. Some of the patients had significant
      neurological signs that related to the lesion. Three of the patients had not
      received cytotoxic drugs through the reservoir, and two had received neither
      intrathecal chemotherapy nor cranial radiation therapy. The process appears to be
      related to back flow of cerebrospinal fluid, with or without contained cytotoxic
      drugs into the periventricular white matter. Patients with elevated intracranial
      pressure are at particular risk. Removal of the catheter relieves the condition.

PMID- 3397768
TI  - Human central nervous system and plasma pharmacology of mitoxantrone.
AB  - Mitoxantrone 5-6 mg/m2 was administered IV to 10 consenting patients prior to
      surgical resection of an intracerebral tumor. Plasma pharmacokinetic parameters
      were calculated and concentration of mitoxantrone in intracerebral tumors was
      determined. Concentrations of mitoxantrone were also determined in autopsy
      tissues of one of the patients who expired 192 days after receiving the drug. The
      plasma pharmacokinetics were best described by a 3 compartment model, with a tl/2
      gamma of 4.74 +/- 5.53 h. Mitoxantrone concentrations in the intracerebral tumors
      were potentially cytotoxic and ranged from 4 to 322 ng/g. In all but one case,
      mitoxantrone concentration was higher in tumor than in concurrent plasma samples.
      There was no obvious relation between tumor mitoxantrone concentration and peak
      plasma mitoxantrone concentration or time from mitoxantrone administration to
      tumor removal. Low grade gliomas and viable tumors tended to have lower
      mitoxantrone concentrations than did other tumor types and necrotic tumors. In
      the patient undergoing autopsy, highest mitoxantrone concentrations were found in
      liver, thyroid and heart.

PMID- 3397769
TI  - Application of invasive microwave hyperthermia for the treatment of gliomas.
AB  - Twenty five cases of gliomas of the brain were operated upon by debulking the
      tumour masses. Following this, microwave hyperthermia was given by heating a
      measured volume of Ringer's solution instilled into the tumour cavity. This was
      followed by a 'dry treatment' without Ringer's solution. The follow up of these
      cases revealed that 11 cases have died and 14 cases are alive post-operatively.
      For those that are alive, the follow up period ranges from 21 to 41 months with
      the mean survival period of 31.1 months; in this group, 12 cases have a Kanofsky
      scale of 80-100, i.e. they are fully independent. The other two cases have a
      score of 50 or under and they need institutional care. In this study, we believe
      that the first order effect of microwave hyperthermia is predominantly thermal
      and in the published literature, and in this investigation, there is no clear
      evidence that microwave radiation produces any other beneficial and quantifiable
      effect on the tissue.

PMID- 3397771
TI  - Vertebral osteomyelitis: value of percutaneous biopsy. 30 cases.

PMID- 3397770
TI  - MRI study of dural arteriovenous fistulae draining into the external spinal
      veins. Seven cases.

PMID- 3397772
TI  - Thalamic oligodendrogliomas of childhood: CT and clinical course.

PMID- 3397773
TI  - Lipomyelomeningoceles: a neuroradiological approach.

PMID- 3397774
TI  - CT diagnosis in sixty cases of small cerebral abscess.

PMID- 3397775
TI  - The value of supplemental prone position scans for CT evaluation of herniated
      disc.

PMID- 3397777
TI  - Hand/wrist pain and carpal tunnel syndrome.

PMID- 3397776
TI  - McCollough effect in green phosphors video display terminal users.

PMID- 3397778
TI  - Environmental tobacco smoke and indoor air quality: a problem revisited.

PMID- 3397780
TI  - Deaths from trench cave-in in the construction industry.
AB  - At least 70 US construction workers die each year in trench cave-ins, and
      Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) standards for work in
      trenches have been criticized as hard to understand and inadequate. This study
      examined 306 fatal cases, obtained mainly from OSHA investigations, from 1974 to
      1986. Most of the deaths occurred in shallow trenches while digging sewer lines,
      and were caused by failing to shore or brace the walls of the trench. The risk of
      cave-in death was higher in young workers and those in small firms; only 12% of
      the deaths were in unionized companies. OSHA issued citations in 94% of the
      cases, with fines ranging up to $58,400; the average fine was $1,991 per death.
      Death due to cave-in is a significant risk for construction workers, and can be
      prevented by proper protective measures.

PMID- 3397781
TI  - Normal spirometric values in healthy American Indians.
AB  - Spirometric parameters were measured in 300 healthy, lifetime nonsmoking American
      Indians. When "best" is defined by the highest correlation coefficient and
      smallest residual standard deviation, the best prediction equations were linear
      regression equations using only age and height as the independent variables.
      Visual comparisons of two-dimensional graphic representations of each predictor
      in these equations with equations commonly used to predict spirometric variables
      in white persons revealed no substantial differences. However, statistical
      comparisons, using an analysis of covariance, with data from a previous study of
      white persons in our laboratory showed the forced vital capacity and forced
      expiratory volume in 1 second equations for Indian men to be different from the
      equations for white persons. No statistically significant differences were found
      between the prediction equations for Indian and white women. The meaning of the
      statistically significant differences is unclear and they may not have any
      clinical relevance. Until this issue is resolved we recommend that race-specific
      equations be used when possible.

PMID- 3397779
TI  - Spontaneous abortion and general illness symptoms among semiconductor
      manufacturers.
AB  - The risk of adverse reproductive outcomes was examined among semiconductor
      manufacturers. Personal interviews were conducted with manufacturing workers,
      spouses of male manufacturers, and an internal comparison group of non
      manufacturing workers. Elevated spontaneous abortion ratios were observed for
      females working in the "diffusion" (38.9%; relative risk = 2.18, 95% confidence
      interval estimate = 1.1, 3.6) and photolithographic process (31.1%; relative risk
      = 1.75, 95% confidence interval estimate = 0.8, 3.3). Analysis of potential
      confounding did not substantially alter the findings. The potential for recall
      bias was also assessed; although the confidence interval for the comparison of
      diffusion and non-manufacturing workers no longer excluded 1.0, an excess risk
      was still reflected. No substantive differences in other reproductive outcomes
      were identified. Various general health symptoms were examined and reported more
      frequently among manufacturers than non-exposed. These results should be viewed
      as tentative until studies with larger numbers and more detailed exposure data
      are carried out.

PMID- 3397782
TI  - Respiratory cancer among orchardists in Washington State, 1968 to 1980.
AB  - A case-control investigation was conducted to evaluate the hypothesis that past
      exposure to the pesticide lead arsenate led to an excess mortality from
      respiratory cancer. Cases included all white male orchardists who died in
      Washington State between 1968 and 1980 from respiratory cancer. Orchardists who
      died of other causes during this period served as controls. Occupational and
      smoking data for 155 case subjects and 155 control subjects were obtained via
      telephone interview with next-of-kin/informants. Neither presence, intensity, nor
      duration of lead arsenate exposure differed between case and control subjects.
      Although cigarette smoking was unusually common among cases of respiratory
      cancer, smoking habits of the orchardists and a sample of non-orchardists who had
      died of other causes were quite similar. The cause of the excess mortality from
      respiratory cancer among Washington State orchardists remains unknown.

PMID- 3397784
TI  - Regulatory science. A commentary.

PMID- 3397783
TI  - Behavioral sensitization to irritants/odorants after acute overexposures.

PMID- 3397785
TI  - Exposure to hazard and individual risk: when occupational medicine gets personal.
AB  - Occupational medicine is grounded on a scientific foundation that blends
      toxicology and epidemiology. Epidemiologic studies are often less helpful than
      they could be, both because the variation in response is seldom addressed and
      because exposure estimates are crude. Biologic variation has usually been treated
      as "noise" in the system but it is a more basic problem that lends itself to
      investigation and quantification. To investigate sources of variation requires
      personal information on factors that may modify the response in individual
      workers. For research, collection of selected data on nonoccupational personal
      characteristics of workers has become essential. The collection of personal data
      is also required for many legitimate functions of an occupational health service
      that benefit the worker, among them employee assistance, health promotion, health
      surveillance, and, in many cases, fitness to work evaluation. Collecting
      important personal data will ultimately benefit the worker and workers in general
      by better services, better management of individual cases, and better
      understanding of exposure-related disorders.

PMID- 3397786
TI  - AIDS in the workplace: guidelines.

PMID- 3397787
TI  - Recommendations for prevention of HIV transmission in health care settings. An
      occupational medicine reply.

PMID- 3397788
TI  - Obesity and morbidity prevalence in a working population.
AB  - As part of ongoing medical surveillance, the morbidity prevalence for obese
      individuals (20% to 40% and greater than 40% overweight) was compared with non
      obese corporate employees utilizing group health insurance claims data for 1985.
      The advantages of claims data as a potential source of morbidity data for disease
      surveillance and research are discussed herein. The expected finding of a
      positive association between hypertension (P less than .05) and obesity noted for
      both male and female employees reiterates the important role of work site weight
      control programs in reducing hypertension. The positive association between
      prevalence of mental health disorders and obesity demonstrates the need to
      address the adverse psychologic risks of obesity in addition to the adverse
      physical risks. This finding suggests that employee assistance programs emphasize
      counseling services for obese individuals.

PMID- 3397789
TI  - Risk of secondary bacterial infection in infants hospitalized with respiratory
      syncytial viral infection.
AB  - Because infants hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection
      frequently receive antibiotics, our study was undertaken to determine what the
      actual risk of secondary bacterial infections in patients with RSV infection is
      and what effect antibiotic treatment might have on the course of illness. In a 9
      year prospective study of 1706 children hospitalized with acute respiratory
      illnesses, 565 children had documented RSV infections. A subsequent bacterial
      infection rarely developed in those with RSV lower respiratory tract disease. The
      rate of subsequent bacterial infection was 1.2% in the total group of children
      infected with RSV, and 0.6% in the 352 children who received no antibiotics. A
      significantly greater proportion (4.5%) of subsequent bacterial infections
      occurred in infants who received parenteral antibiotics (p = 0.01), and
      especially in a subgroup who received parenteral antibiotics for 5 or more days
      (11%, p less than 0.001). We conclude that the risk of secondary bacterial
      infection appears to be low for most infants with RSV infection. In a few infants
      given parenteral broad-spectrum antibiotics the risk may be greater, but whether
      this is related to the antibiotic therapy or to other risk factors is not clear.

PMID- 3397790
TI  - Preschool behavior disorders: their prevalence in relation to determinants.
AB  - The occurrence of behavior disorders was investigated in a prospectively followed
      3-year-old birth cohort. Of 1116 eligible children, the parents of 918 were
      successfully contacted. All agreed to complete a telephone interview and were
      mailed a Childhood Behavior Checklist (CBCL) standardized for 2- to 3-year-old
      children; 756 (82%) returned the CBCL. The prevalence of one or more of the
      deviant behavior syndromes identified by the CBCL was 11.1%. From a number of
      subject characteristics recorded throughout infancy, age-specific determinants
      for the occurrence of these deviant behaviors were identified. Characteristics
      most consistently associated with preschool psychopathology included the mother's
      ill health and lack of social support, the presence of chronic illness in the
      child, and the frequent use of hospital emergency services. These and other
      determinant (risk) indicators were entered into logistic regression (LR) models
      to derived adjusted relative risk estimates for the occurrence of a behavior
      disorder. The derived LR equations emphasize the important role of both the
      mother as well and the father and the health of the child.

PMID- 3397791
TI  - Antigliadin antibodies detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay as a marker
      of childhood celiac disease.
AB  - Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assay, we studied the sera of
      17 patients with celiac disease and 114 control subjects for the levels of IgG
      and IgA antigliadin antibodies. As a group, the patients with celiac disease had
      significantly higher levels of antigliadin antibodies of both IgG and IgA classes
      (p less than or equal to 0.001). However, there was a significant overlap of
      values, resulting in respective sensitivities and specificities of 88% and 90%
      for IgG antigliadin antibodies, and 73% and 65% for IgA antigliadin antibodies.
      The combined use of both IgG and IgA antigliadin antibody levels produced a
      sensitivity of 86% and a specificity of 90%. A gluten-free diet in celiac
      patients did not seem to affect these results. We conclude that the antigliadin
      antibody ELISA assay cannot be used as a definitive diagnostic test for celiac
      disease. The small-bowel biopsy remains the principal diagnostic method; the
      ELISA assay should, at best, be considered a screening test for this disease.

PMID- 3397792
TI  - Osteoporosis in cystic fibrosis.
AB  - To determine if osteoporosis is prevalent among patients with cystic fibrosis, we
      compared the vertebral bone density measured by quantitative computed tomography
      in 57 such patients (29 male, 28 female, aged 3 to 21 years) with those of an age
      , race-, and sex-matched control group of 57 healthy subjects. Patients with
      cystic fibrosis had significantly lower bone density (10% lower, p less than
      0.001) than in controls. The decrease in bone density in patients with cystic
      fibrosis was unrelated to age. Shwachman clinical evaluation scores (based on
      case history, pulmonary physical findings, growth, and x-ray findings) correlated
      positively with age-standardized bone density values (p less than 0.01). Male
      patients had substantially lower bone density than did female patients (p less
      than 0.02), but bone density differences related to gender were not significant
      when effects of disease severity were controlled for. Decreased bone density was
      more common in patients with poor nutritional status as determined by
      anthropometric measurements (p less than 0.05). We conclude that osteoporosis is
      a frequent complication in children with cystic fibrosis regardless of their age
      and is more prevalent in patients with greater disease severity.

PMID- 3397793
TI  - Family studies in fetal phenytoin exposure.
AB  - Sixty-two families with fetal diphenylhydantoin exposure were studied during two
      or more pregnancies. In 15 of these families at least one of the exposed children
      had some of the physical effects of DPH exposure ("affected" families); in the
      remaining 47 families no exposed child was affected ("unaffected" families).
      Review of 62 family histories and pedigrees was not helpful in differentiating
      these two groups for counseling purposes. However, mothers who had one affected
      child appeared to be at much higher risk for having subsequent affected children
      (9 of 10) if phenytoin use was continued through future pregnancies than were
      mothers whose first-born child was unaffected despite being exposed to phenytoin
      during the pregnancy (5 of 52 among all families, or 1 of 48 when only children
      exposed throughout the entire pregnancy were included). The difference between
      families with the first exposed child affected and first exposed child unaffected
      was highly statistically significant (p less than 0.0001). School and learning
      problems and developmental or mental retardation were present in both groups, and
      significantly more frequently in affected families. Physical and growth
      abnormalities were noted in both affected and unaffected family groups, also at a
      significantly higher rate in affected families.

PMID- 3397795
TI  - Meta-analysis and methodology review: what's in a name?

PMID- 3397794
TI  - Parental autonomy in situations of moral ambiguity.

PMID- 3397796
TI  - Intracranial hemorrhage in newborn and young infants with hemophilia.

PMID- 3397797
TI  - Perforation of the scrotum complicating nephrotic syndrome.

PMID- 3397798
TI  - Occurrence of prolactinoma after estrogen treatment in a girl with constitutional
      tall stature.

PMID- 3397799
TI  - Perinatal asphyxia in infants of insulin-dependent diabetic mothers.
AB  - Infants of diabetic mothers are thought to be at risk for perinatal asphyxia. We
      hypothesized that the following are significant risk factors for perinatal
      asphyxia: poor third-trimester glycemic control, diabetic vascular disease
      (nephropathy, retinopathy) appearing in pregnancy, pregnancy-associated
      hypertension, smoking, prematurity, fetal macrosomia, and maternal hyperglycemia
      and hypoglycemia within 6 hours preceding delivery. We prospectively studied 162
      infants born to 149 diabetic mothers (White classes B through R-T). Perinatal
      asphyxia was defined clinically as fetal distress during labor (late
      decelerations, persistent fetal bradycardia, or both), 1-minute Apgar score less
      than or equal to 6, or intrauterine fetal death. Forty-four infants (26.7%) had
      perinatal asphyxia. The presence of perinatal asphyxia did not correlate with
      third-trimester glycemic control, pregnancy-associated hypertension, smoking,
      fetal macrosomia, or maternal hypoglycemia before delivery, but it did correlate
      significantly with nephropathy appearing in pregnancy, maternal hyperglycemia
      before delivery, and prematurity. We speculate that (1) the appearance of
      diabetic vasculopathy (nephropathy) during pregnancy is accompanied by placental
      vascular disease and subsequently by fetal compromise and (2) in pregnancy
      complicated by diabetes, maternal and subsequently fetal hyperglycemia before
      delivery leads to fetal hypoxemia.

PMID- 3397800
TI  - Neonatal neurologic and electroencephalographic effects of intrauterine cocaine
      exposure.
AB  - Thirty-nine infants with intrauterine exposure to cocaine were examined for
      neurologic and electroencephalographic (EEG) abnormalities. Of the 39 infants, 34
      displayed central nervous system irritability, but only two of the infants
      required sedation. The EEGs were abnormal in 17 of 38 infants during the first
      week of life; abnormalities were characterized as showing central nervous system
      irritability. The EEG abnormalities could not be predicted on the basis of
      clinical neurologic dysfunction or perinatal variables. On follow-up, 9 of the 17
      abnormal EEGs remained abnormal during the second week of life. One infant had an
      abnormal first EEG at 13 days of age. By 3 to 12 months of age, however, 9 of the
      10 previously abnormal tracing had normalized and one is pending. These transient
      clinical and EEG abnormalities may be the result of changes in neurotransmitter
      availability and function.

PMID- 3397801
TI  - Severe protein C deficiency in newborn infants.
AB  - Eleven infants initially seen in the neonatal period had levels of protein C
      suggestive of homozygous protein C deficiency but as an apparently acquired
      condition. Family studies failed to document parental carrier status, the
      clinical course was not typical of that reported with homozygous protein C
      deficiency, and protein C levels increased in all restudied infants, six of whom
      received heparin anticoagulation. No infant had evidence of vitamin K deficiency.
      Care is advised in the evaluation of infants with low levels of protein C.
      Parental blood studies, delayed testing, and serial assays can help to establish
      the correct diagnosis.

PMID- 3397803
TI  - Tracheal aspirates from neonates during endotracheal intubation: detection of
      surfactant by polarized light microscopy.
AB  - A technique for detecting the presence of pulmonary surfactant in the tracheal
      aspirates obtained from preterm babies is described. The specimens were examined
      by means of polarized light microscopy. Surfactant could be simply and rapidly
      identified by its appearance as birefringent particles in volumes of aspirate as
      little as 1 microliter. Tracheal aspirate specimens from 108 babies, obtained on
      the first day of life, were examined without knowledge of the patient's clinical
      details. When the samples from each baby were subdivided into three groups on the
      basis of the amount of surfactant particles seen, this subgrouping corresponded
      well with the babies' ventilatory requirements at the time of sample collection.
      This method of detecting surfactant material may prove valuable in determining
      the degree of surfactant deficiency in individual preterm babies with respiratory
      illness.

PMID- 3397802
TI  - Spontaneous focal gastrointestinal perforation in very low birth weight infants.
AB  - Spontaneous, focal gastrointestinal perforation occurred in six very low birth
      weight infants. The first recognized clinical sign of perforation in five of the
      six infants was striking blue-black discoloration of the abdominal wall. In all
      cases the clinical and radiographic presentations, as well as the histologic
      findings, were distinct from those associated with necrotizing enterocolitis. All
      4 infants who underwent exploratory laparotomy and repair had excellent surgical
      outcomes.

PMID- 3397804
TI  - Environmental temperature control in very low birth weight infants (less than
      1000 grams) cared for in double-walled incubators.
AB  - To evaluate the effect of fluctuations in environment and body temperatures on
      preterm infants, we recorded these variables in very immature newborn infants
      (birth weight less than 1000 gm) cared for in double-walled incubators (Air
      Shields model C-100 and Ohio model IC). Both incubators maintained environmental
      temperatures corresponding overall to the set point, despite incubator openings.
      Under skin temperature servocontrol, however, environmental temperature
      fluctuations were greater than 2 degrees C even in strictly controlled
      conditions. The pattern of incubator temperature fluctuations depended on the set
      point rather than on the type of incubator (conventionally heated or heated by
      warm air blown between the double walls). The long-term clinical significance of
      the incubator temperature variability remains to be determined; the choice
      between air and skin servocontrolling should depend in part on the need for
      environmental stability.

PMID- 3397805
TI  - Nonoliguric hyperkalemia in the premature infant weighing less than 1000 grams.
AB  - Eighteen very low birth weight premature infants born before 28 weeks gestation
      and weighing less than 1000 gm were evaluated prospectively for disturbances in
      serum electrolyte concentrations and for renal glomerular and tubular functions.
      Clinically symptomatic hyperkalemia resulting in significant electrocardiographic
      dysrhythmias developed in eight of these infants; 10 babies remained
      normokalemic. Peak serum potassium concentration ranged from 6.9 to 9.2 mEq/L in
      the hyperkalemic group; all potassium values in the normokalemic group were less
      than 6.6 mEq/L. Indices of renal glomerular function and urine output were
      similar in both groups; no infant had oliguria. Serum creatinine concentrations
      were the same in both groups (1.04 +/- 0.16 SD mg/dl in normokalemic vs 1.19 +/-
      0.24 mg/dl in hyperkalemic infants, beta less than 0.2 at alpha = 0.05), and
      glomerular filtration rates did not differ significantly (6.29 +/- 1.78
      ml/min/1.73 m2 in normokalemic vs 5.70 +/- 1.94 ml/min/1.73 m2 in hyperkalemic
      infants, beta less than 0.2 at alpha = 0.05). In contrast, indicators of tubular
      function revealed a significantly larger fractional excretion of sodium in
      hyperkalemic infants: 13.9 +/- 5.4% versus 5.6 +/- 0.9% in normokalemic control
      subjects (p less than 0.001). Hyperkalemic infants also had a tendency toward
      lower urine concentrations of potassium, although there was no significant
      difference in their net potassium excretion in comparison with that in the
      normokalemic group. We speculate that hyperkalemia in the tiny baby is in part
      the result of immature distal tubule function with a compromise in ability to
      regulate potassium balance.

PMID- 3397806
TI  - Lovastatin therapy in receptor-negative homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia:
      lack of effect on low-density lipoprotein concentrations or turnover.
AB  - To determine whether at least part of the fall in low density lipoprotein (LDL)
      levels during lovastatin therapy might be the result of a reduced secretion of
      lipoproteins by the liver, three children 6 to 9 years of age with receptor
      negative homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia underwent treatment with
      lovastatin. These patients have no capacity to synthesize LDL receptors. During
      lovastatin therapy, at a dose of 2 mg/kg/day, there was no decrease in LDL
      cholesterol levels, nor was the turnover rate of LDL affected by the drug. The
      only significant change was a 74% drop in very low-density lipoprotein during
      treatment. We conclude that lovastatin is not effective in treatment of receptor
      negative homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. The most likely mechanism of
      action for this drug is to increase LDL receptor activity.

PMID- 3397808
TI  - Cervicomedullary compression with achondroplasia.

PMID- 3397807
TI  - Three-year results of a randomized prospective trial of methionyl human growth
      hormone and oxandrolone in Turner syndrome.
AB  - Seventy girls with Turner syndrome, 4 to 12 years of age, participated in a
      prospective, randomized study to determine the effects on growth of methionyl
      human growth hormone (met-hGH) or oxandrolone. Subjects were randomly assigned to
      receive either no treatment (control) or met-hGH (0.125 mg/kg three times per
      week), oxandrolone (0.125 mg/kg/day), or combination met-hGH plus oxandrolone. At
      the end of an initial period of 12 to 20 months, patients in the original control
      and oxandrolone groups were given combination met-hGH plus oxandrolone. At that
      time the dosage of oxandrolone was lowered to 0.0625 mg/kg/day. Sixty-five
      subjects have now completed the first 3 years of the study. Compared with the
      control growth rate for year 1 (3.8 cm/yr), significant increases in growth rate
      were seen in all 3 years of combination therapy (9.8, 7.4, and 6.1 cm/yr,
      respectively) and in the first 2 years of treatment with met-hGH alone (6.6, 5.4,
      and 4.6 cm/yr). When growth velocity was expressed as standard deviation for age
      in girls with Turner syndrome, significant increases relative to the control
      group for year 1 (-0.1 SD) were seen in all three years of both combination
      therapy and met-hGH alone (combination, +6.6, +4.3, +3.0 SD; met-hGH, +3.1, +2.0,
      +1.4 SD). After 3 years of treatment, predicted adult height by the method of
      Bayley-Pinneau increased 4.5 cm in the met-hGH group and 8.2 cm in the
      combination group.

PMID- 3397810
TI  - Inappropriate use of epidemiologic terms.

PMID- 3397809
TI  - Crying, foramen ovale shunting, and cerebral volume.

PMID- 3397811
TI  - Racism and Journal policy.

PMID- 3397812
TI  - Ribavirin for RSV infections.

PMID- 3397813
TI  - Effect of pairing in vitro on the glutathione level of male Schistosoma mansoni.
AB  - The effect of in vitro incubation on the level of the intracellular nucleophile,
      glutathione (GSH), in adult Schistosoma mansoni was investigated. The GSH levels
      of freshly collected adult male and female parasites were 8.5 +/- 2.5 and 2.7 +/-
      0.7 nmol/10 worms, respectively, as determined by an enzymatic assay. Twenty-four
      hour incubation of unpaired males in RPMI-1640 medium at 37 C resulted in a 1.7
      fold increase (P less than 0.001) in GSH level that remained elevated for at
      least 7 days. The increase was dependent on exogenous L-cystine, suggesting that
      it was due to biosynthesis of GSH. Biosynthesis in male S. mansoni was confirmed
      by isolating [3H] GSH from parasites incubated in medium containing L-[3H]
      cystine or [3H] glycine. In contrast to unpaired males, the GSH level of paired
      males as well as that of unpaired or paired females did not increase after 24 hr
      in vitro. When males that had been incubated unpaired for 24 hr were allowed to
      couple in vitro with freshly collected females, their GSH level fell to that of
      continuously paired males. These observations provide evidence that in vitro
      female schistosomes can influence the physiology of the male.

PMID- 3397814
TI  - The midgut hemolysin of Ixodes dammini (Acari:Ixodidae).
AB  - Midgut homogenates of the hard tick, Ixodes dammini, lyse erythrocytes from
      rabbits, rats, hamsters, and guinea pigs. The activity displays sigmoidal
      kinetics, has an alkaline pH optimum, and is activated by temperature. Hemolytic
      activity is lost when homogenates are incubated with trypsin or heated for 1 hr
      at 60 C. Activity is not detectable in nonfed ticks as well as ticks attached for
      up to 2 days to a host, but increases during the growth phase of feeding. Such
      activity is postulated to help the initial process of the blood meal digestion by
      releasing the contents of erythrocytes for further enzymatic hydrolysis.

PMID- 3397815
TI  - Secretory protein biosynthesis in snail hemocytes: in vitro modulation by larval
      schistosome excretory-secretory products.
AB  - Circulating hemocytes of the snail, Biomphalaria glabrata, synthesize and secrete
      a variety of polypeptides when maintained in vitro in serum-free medium
      containing [35S] methionine. SDS-PAGE/fluorographic analysis of supernatants from
      resistant snail (10-R2-OK strain) hemocyte cultures revealed the presence of
      numerous labeled polypeptides ranging in Mr from 220 to 14 kDa. Most of these
      same proteins were also produced by hemocytes of a susceptible B. glabrata strain
      (M-line), but the overall rate of secretory protein synthesis was reduced from
      that of resistant snail cells. In addition, excretory-secretory (ES) products
      contained in supernatants from Schistosoma mansoni miracidial transformation and
      1-day primary sporocyst cultures stimulated increases in the synthesis of various
      polypeptides. Particularly striking was a 3-fold increase in the synthesis of a
      66-kDa secretory polypeptide by hemocytes of both snail strains, and a
      concomitant increase in M-line hemocytes and decrease in 10-R2-OK cells of a 63
      kDa polypeptide. Overall, however, the level of ES product-induced secretory
      protein synthesis was greater in 10-R2-OK snail hemocytes than in those of the M
      line strain. Exposure of a nonhemocytic B. glabrata cell line to parasite culture
      supernatants had no stimulatory/inhibitory effect on labeled protein ouput,
      suggesting that the observed hemocyte response may be snail cell-type specific.
      Finally, the larval ES components responsible for modulating hemocyte protein
      metabolism are mainly concentrated in a heat-stable fraction composed of
      molecules of greater than 30 kDa. However, the loss of the ability of heated
      parasite products to stimulate synthesis of certain hemocyte proteins and the
      presence of minor stimulating activity in a low molecular weight fraction (less
      than 10 kDa) implies the possible existence of multiple larval components
      affecting formation of specific hemocyte secretory polypeptides. It is concluded
      that snail hemocytes are capable of in vitro synthesis and secretion of a variety
      of methionine-containing polypeptides, and that ES products of early larval
      schistosomes can modulate (i.e., stimulate or inhibit) this metabolic process. A
      differential response of susceptible vs. resistant hemocytes to larval products
      suggests that the degree to which these cells can be metabolically activated may
      determine their cytotoxic effectiveness.

PMID- 3397817
TI  - Characterization of the N- and O-linked oligosaccharides in glycoproteins
      synthesized by Schistosoma mansoni schistosomula.
AB  - This report describes the structural analyses of the O- and N-linked
      oligosaccharides contained in glycoproteins synthesized by 48-hr-old Schistosoma
      mansoni schistosomula. Schistosomula were prepared by mechanical transformation
      of cercariae and were then incubated in media containing either [2-3H] mannose,
      [6-3H]glucosamine, or [6-3H]galactose to metabolically radiolabel the
      oligosaccharide moieties of newly synthesized glycoproteins. Analysis by SDS
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and fluorography demonstrated that many
      glycoproteins were metabolically radiolabeled with the radioactive mannose and
      glucosamine precursors, whereas few glycoproteins were labeled by the radioactive
      galactose precursor. Glycopeptide were prepared from the radiolabeled
      glycoproteins by digestion with pronase and fractionated by chromatography on
      columns of concanavalin A-Sepharose and pea lectin-agarose. The structures of the
      oligosaccharide chains in the glycopeptides were analyzed by a variety of
      techniques. The major O-linked sugars were not bound by concanavalin A-Sepharose
      and consisted of simple O-linked monosaccharides that were terminal O-linked N
      acetylgalactosamine, the minor type, and terminal O-linked N-acetylglucosamine,
      the major type. The N-linked oligosaccharides were found to consist of high
      mannose- and complex-type chains. The high mannose-type N-linked chains, which
      were bound with high affinity by concanavalin A-Sepharose, ranged in size from
      Man6GlcNAc2 to Man9GlcNAc2. The complex-type chains contained mannose, fucose, N
      acetylglucosamine, and N-acetylgalactosamine. No sialic acid was present in any
      metabolically radiolabeled glycoproteins from schistosomula.

PMID- 3397816
TI  - The identification of membrane glycoconjugates in Leishmania species.
AB  - The membrane glycoconjugates of 8 different species of Leishmania were compared
      by lectin blotting. Five different lectins with various sugar specificities were
      examined: concanavalin A, Lens culinaris, Ricinus communis, soybean agglutinin,
      and peanut agglutinin. Concanavalin A and Lens culinaris reacted with every
      Leishmania tested. The patterns observed for these 2 lectins, as well as the
      various species of parasites, were different. However, a common 41,000-52,000 and
      a 160,000-185,000 Mr component was present in almost all the parasite isolates
      examined. Ricinus communis only recognized a nondiscrete galactose-containing
      glycoconjugate similar to Leishmania-excreted factor. Soybean and peanut
      agglutinins reacted with a few low molecular weight parasite components. Soybean
      agglutinin reacted with all the Leishmania species tested, whereas peanut lectin
      only recognized 3 isolates. The latter lectin bound to discrete components
      migrating with the dye front and with Mr's of 35,000 and 52,000. Increased
      glycosylation was noted on avirulent L. major promastigotes and was associated
      with the appearance of several new peanut agglutinin-binding glycoproteins.

PMID- 3397818
TI  - Host-parasite relationships of caryophyllaeid cestodes and aquatic oligochaetes:
      II. Effects of host age and mixed infections.
AB  - Experiments were conducted to assess the relationship between annelid age and
      susceptibility of the annelid as an intermediate host for a caryophyllaeid, as
      well as the effect a mixed-species infection has on rate of metacestode
      development and parasite mortality. Four host-parasite systems were studied:
      Biacetabulum biloculoides and Hunterella nodulosa in Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri and
      Glaridacris catostomi in Ilyodrilus templetoni and Tubifex tubifex. Annelids were
      divided into 3 age classes: immature, approximately 7 days old; intermediate,
      approximately 14 days old; and mature, approximately 30 days old. Immature
      oligochaetes in all groups were more susceptible to infection, their parasites
      exhibited a lower mortality rate than 30-day-olds, and the total number of
      parasites in this group was higher than for the other age classes. Metacestodes
      reached the infective stage earlier in immature as compared to older
      oligochaetes. Interspecific competition between B. biloculoides and H. nodulosa
      resulted in increased parasite mortality and a slower rate of parasite
      development for the species that became established second. A prior infection
      with one species of cestode also affected the susceptibility of L. hoffmeisteri
      to infection with another species.

PMID- 3397819
TI  - Experimental transmission, development, and effects of a parasitic copepod,
      Lernaeocera branchialis, on Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua.
AB  - Development and effects of adult Lernaeocera branchialis were studied following
      experimental transmission to Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua. Growth from the
      detection of pennella stages to mature adults was approximately 9-10 mo
      (September-June of the following year) at which time eggs were released and the
      adult parasites degenerated. Cod from all size groups were susceptible but the
      prevalence of infection was greater in small fish. Peak mortality, about 30%,
      occurred within 4 mo after infection and was greatest in young fish with multiple
      infections. Death was associated with emaciation, blood loss, open lesions, and
      probable occlusion of branchial blood vessels and/or ventral aorta. Infected
      fish, especially subadults that survived, consumed less food, gained less weight,
      had a lower conversion factor, and were substantially smaller than uninfected
      controls through a 32-wk period. Many of these fish displayed hyperactivity.
      Large cod that survived the infection and harboured 1 parasite were apparently
      unaffected but died when stressed. A previous infection conferred no protection
      against reinfection. Multiple infections delayed gonadal maturation and resulted
      in significantly lower gonadal somatic indices than in controls. Exposure of
      infected fish to crude oil fractions or to infection with a hemoprotozoan,
      Trypanosoma murmanensis, culminated in mortality, weight loss, or low organ
      somatic indices. It is estimated that considerable losses through mortality and
      weight gain in young fish occur each year in coastal areas from infections by L.
      branchialis, particularly in one area where it was estimated that 20% of the
      population was infected.

PMID- 3397820
TI  - Commercial blast-freezing of third-stage Anisakis simplex larvae encapsulated in
      salmon and rockfish.
AB  - Sixty-four fish were blast-frozen to -35 C for 15 hr to determine the effects of
      commercial blast-freezing on the viability of third-stage larvae of Anisakis
      simplex encapsulated in the muscle and viscera of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus
      nerka) and canary rockfish (Sebastes pinniger). Parallel tests were conducted on
      larval nematodes in 16 whole (round) salmon, 16 dressed salmon (heads and viscera
      removed), and 32 whole (round) rockfish. After blast-freezing, 4 in-the-round
      salmon, 4 dressed salmon, and 8 in-the-round rockfish were examined at 1, 24, 48,
      and 72 hr. A total of 3,539 dead and 6 live larvae were collected from the fish
      tissues after standard enzymatic digestion. Salmon were infected with 1,245 of
      these larvae, and rockfish with 2,300. The 6 live worms, 2 from salmon and 4 from
      rockfish rounds, were recovered from muscle 1 hr after freezing; they were
      slightly motile and showed severe internal damage. No viable worms were found at
      or after 24 hr. The commercial blast-freezing process effectively killed larval
      nematodes in whole or dressed fish. Market-ready samples of previously blast
      frozen silver salmon (O. kisutch) and chum salmon (O. keta) fillets and chum
      salmon steaks yielded no live worms, thereby confirming the efficacy of this
      process.

PMID- 3397821
TI  - Single and concurrent infections of the golden hamster, Mesocricetus auratus,
      with Echinostoma revolutum and E. liei (Trematoda: Digenea).
AB  - Single or concurrent infections of the intestinal trematodes Echinostoma
      revolutum and E. liei were studied in the golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus).
      In single infections, some hamsters were fed 25 +/- 5 metacercarial cysts and
      others 100 +/- 25 cysts of either E. revolutum or E. liei. In concurrent
      infections, hamsters were fed simultaneously 20 +/- 5 metacercarial cysts of E.
      revolutum and 20 +/- 5 cysts of E. liei or 100 +/- 25 cysts each of both
      trematodes. All hamsters exposed singly to E. revolutum or E. liei were infected.
      In concurrent infections, 9 of 10 hamsters were infected with both species of
      echinostomes, and the ratio of E. revolutum to E. liei was 3:1. In single
      infections, 80% of the E. liei and 60% of the E. revolutum were in the posterior
      third of the small intestine. In concurrent infections, 80% of the E. liei were
      in the posterior third and 57% of the E. revolutum in the middle third of the
      small intestine. The histopathological response of E. liei and E. revolutum in
      single and concurrent infections showed erosion of intestinal villi with
      lymphocytic infiltration as the primary response. Extraintestinal echinostomiasis
      occurred in 2 of the infection groups. Differences in hemoglobin and packed cell
      volume occurred in the different infection groups.

PMID- 3397822
TI  - Prolonged or repeated copulation and male longevity in the tick Ixodes
      rubicundus.
AB  - Male Ixodes rubicundus were found in copula with attached females in 59% of
      individuals. The number of males attaching to the female integument or to the the
      host negligible. In laboratory experiments, males enclosed with females in a
      small vial had significantly longer life spans than solitary males. Paired males
      were found to be in copula on 20-34% of observations. Solitary males lost weight
      while paired males gained weight over a 2-day period. However, the specific
      energy content of the 2 groups remained constant.

PMID- 3397823
TI  - Laboratory selection of Haemonchus contortus for resistance to ivermectin.
AB  - The eighth generation of adult Haemonchus contortus, selected by subjecting
      infected pairs of sheep to suboptimal ivermectin treatment once per generation
      from parent (P; BBH isolate) through F7 (IV-A; selected isolate), required an
      approximate 4-fold increase in the ivermectin dose to produce 95% efficacy
      compared with its contemporary parent isolate. In a dose titration experiment the
      dose-response curve of the drug pressure-derived isolate, IV-A, was significantly
      (0.02 less than P less than 0.05) less steep than was the response curve of the
      parent, BBH, isolate. Potency estimates based upon these nonparallel dose
      response curves would not remain constant over a range of efficacy levels but
      would decrease rapidly at efficacies greater than 95%. Passage of a closed
      population of the F8 generation of IV-A sequentially through pairs of sheep for
      an additional 11 generations (F8A-F8K) without additional drug pressure being
      applied produced no reversion to sensitivity to ivermectin relative to the F7
      generation, thus suggesting that the selected "resistance" was stable.

PMID- 3397824
TI  - Two human cases of gnathostomiasis and discovery of a second intermediate host of
      Gnathostoma nipponicum in Japan.
AB  - Two human cases of gnathostomiasis from ingestion of raw native Japanese loaches,
      Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, are reported. Seven early third-stage larval
      Gnathostoma nipponicum were recovered from 3,098 loaches in the same district in
      which 2 human patients had obtained and eaten raw loaches. Encapsulated G.
      nipponicum larvae were also recovered from loaches infected under laboratory
      conditions. All 6 weasels captured in the same district in which the naturally
      infected loaches were found and where the humans had become infected were
      infected with adult worms of the same species. This is the first report of M.
      anguillicaudatus serving as a second intermediate host of G. nipponicum.

PMID- 3397825
TI  - Helminths of the Florida manatee, Trichechus manatus latirostris, with a
      discussion and summary of the parasites of sirenians.
AB  - We examined 215 Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris) at necropsy to
      determine the helminth fauna. Six species were identified: Heterocheilus
      tunicatus (Nematoda: Ascaridoidea); Anoplocephala sp. (Cestoda: Cyclophyllidea);
      and 4 species of trematodes, Cochleotrema cochleotrema (Digenea:
      Opisthotrematidae), Chiorchis fabaceus (Digenea: Paramphistomatidae), Nudacotyle
      undicola (Digenea: Nudacotylidae), and Moniligerum blairi (Digenea:
      Opisthotrematidae). Seventy-three percent of the manatees examined were infected
      with at least 1 species of helminth. The mean number of species of helminths per
      infected manatee was 1.9 with a range of 1-4. Fifty-nine manatees were helminth
      free; 30 of these were calves. No associations were found between the intensity
      of helminth infections and host sex, age class, season, and geographic location
      of recovery, or cause of death. Differences in parasite prevalence between age
      classes were highly significant for Chiorchis, Cochleotrema, and Heterocheilus,
      due to a low number of infected calves. A higher prevalence of Cochleotrema was
      found in manatees recovered from eastern Florida, and Heterocheilus was evident
      in significantly more manatees from western and souther Florida. Comparisons in
      the parasite fauna are made among Florida manatees and other sirenian
      populations, and a brief review of sirenian parasites is included.

PMID- 3397826
TI  - Digenetic trematodes of marine fishes of Okinawa, Japan.
AB  - Between May and September 1985, 348 fishes representing 50 families, 107 genera,
      and 152 species from the coastal waters of Okinawa were examined for digenetic
      flukes. Ten families (Lepocreadiidae, Opistholebetidae, Gyliauchenidae,
      Fellodistomidae, Acanthocolpidae, Opecoelidae, Bucephalidae, Cryptogonimidae,
      Syncoeliidae, and Hemiuridae), representing 29 genera and 34 species of digenetic
      flukes were recorded. Seven new geographic locality records and 25 new host
      records were established. Possibly 2 new species, one being a species of the
      genus Metadena from Meiacanthus grammistes and the other a species of the genus
      Mesolecitha from Plectorhynchus chaetodontoides, were detected. Most infections
      were of a single species, and although prevalence and intensity were low, host
      specificity was high. Only 3 of the 34 species identified transgressed family
      bounds in their definitive hosts.

PMID- 3397827
TI  - Trichinella spiralis infections of inbred mice: genetics of the host response
      following infection with different Trichinella isolates.
AB  - The immune response of inbred strains of mice was studied following infection
      with isolates of Trichinella from a pig (P1), an arctic fox (AF1), and T.
      spiralis var. pseudospiralis (TP). Strains of mice previously characterized as
      highly resistant to a separate pig isolate of T. spiralis responded to the P1 and
      AF1 isolates by expelling over 80% of the worms by day 10 postinfection (PI), and
      by suppressing the in vitro release of newborn larvae by female worms. However,
      the response induced by AF1 worms was expressed more quickly when compared to
      responses induced by the P1 and TP isolates. The host response to TP was less as
      recovery was always higher at day 10 PI and antifecundity effects were not
      induced in TP worms even in highly resistant strains of mice. Strains of mice
      previously characterized as susceptible to T. spiralis infection were slow to
      develop resistance when compared to the resistant mouse strains, but even among
      the susceptible strains, infection with AF1 induced a more rapid response. The
      mouse strains used in these experiments allowed us to assess the role of the
      major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and/or non-MHC genes in influencing the
      responses observed. As previously reported for a pig isolate of T. spiralis, both
      MHC and non-MHC genes influenced the rate at which worms were expelled from the
      gut and the host response that limits the fecundity of adult female worms.

PMID- 3397828
TI  - Growth and development of winter tick, Dermacentor albipictus, on moose, Alces
      alces.
AB  - Moose, Alces alces, were infested with 21,000 or 42,000 larval Dermacentor
      albipictus at the end of September. Larvae grew rapidly and molted to the nymphal
      stage 10-22 days after infestation. The nymphal stage lasted approximately 3 mo
      until mid-January and was characterized by a diapause. The diapause is likely an
      adaptation to survival in cold climates. Nymphs started engorging in January and
      adults were seen with increasing abundance from mid-January to March and April.
      The minimum parasitic period was 175 days. Growth of larvae and nymphs was
      similar on moose given different numbers of larvae and was generally similar
      between a moose infested in November and moose infested earlier. Dimensions and
      stages of development throughout the parasitic phase are given. Game enforcement
      officers are encouraged to use these data for determination of season of death of
      moose.

PMID- 3397829
TI  - Morphology of urogenital system in female Echinopardalis atrata (Acanthocephala).
AB  - Four major areas of the urogenital system of Echinopardalis atrata are examined:
      (1) capsular protonephridial system, (2) uterine bell complex, (3) uterus, (4)
      vagina. Photomicrographs of cross sections from wax preparations depict
      morphological changes along the length of this system. Diagrammatic illustrations
      show relationships between excretory ducts and oviducts in the uterine bell
      complex. Relative positions of dorsal and ventral ligament accessory cells,
      median wall cells, and sheathing syncytium are also shown in this complex. The
      common oviduct and excretory canal join to form a ciliated urogenital canal that
      empties into the lumen of the uterus along the latter's anterior mid-dorsal
      surface. The excretory bladder is located on the inside mid-dorsal surface of the
      bell wall and is serviced by 2 nephridial canals--1 from each of 2 capsular
      protonephridia. The vagina affixes the posterior terminus of the uterus to the
      tegument and consists of an internal and external sphincter surrounding a
      hypodermal lining.

PMID- 3397831
TI  - Neotropical monogenea. 13. Rhinonastes pseuodocapsaloideum n. gen., n. sp.
      (Dactylogyridae, Ancyrocephalinae), a nasal parasite of curimata, Prochilodus
      nigricans Agassiz (Cypriniformes, Prochilodontidae), in Brazil.
AB  - Rhinonastes pseudocapsaloideum n. sp. (Dactylogyridae, Ancyrocephalinae) is
      described from the nasal cavity of Prochilodus nigricans Agassiz (Cypriniformes,
      Prochilodontidae) in Brazil. Rhinonastes n. gen. is proposed for species
      possessing a dextroventral genital pore, a bilobed testis, a ventral C-shaped
      ovary lying between the 2 testicular lobes, and a disc-shaped haptor armed with a
      ventral anchor-bar complex and 14 hooks.

PMID- 3397830
TI  - Synlophe of Nematodirus neotoma (Trichostrongyloidea).
AB  - The synlophe of Nematodirus neotoma from Neotoma spp. is characterized. The
      cervical synlophe is composed of 30-32 and 36-42 ridges in males and females,
      respectively. Of these, 14 and 20-22 ridges are continuous in the cervical zone
      and extend to the base of the cephalic expansion. Six pairs of lateral ridges are
      discontinuous but extend greater than one-third the length of the cervical
      region. In both males and females, the number of ridges increases posteriad,
      terminating near the bursa in the male, and extending the entire length of the
      body in the female. The synonymy of N. neotoma and N. tortuosus was confirmed.

PMID- 3397832
TI  - Effects of Trichinella spiralis infections upon bone marrow stem cells in BALB/c
      mice.
AB  - Trichinella spiralis infections provoke a variety of responses in the host, some
      of which involve stem cell proliferation and myeloid cell maturation, increases
      in the mast cell precursor cell populations, and maturation and eosinopoiesis.
      Very little is known about the influence of T. spiralis upon bone marrow stem
      cells and splenic colony formation. In the present communication we report that
      T. spiralis infection in mice stimulates the generation of colony-forming units
      in the spleen (CFU-S). Passive transfer of bone marrow cells from uninfected
      BALB/c mice to X-irradiated (650 R) T. spiralis-infected recipients resulted in a
      significant increase of CFU-S at 14 and 24 days postinfection. Passive transfer
      of bone marrow cells from T. spiralis-infected mice to X-irradiated uninfected
      mice also resulted in increased numbers of CFU-S in the donor mice at 24 days
      postinfection. These findings strongly suggest that T. spiralis infection
      conditions the microenvironment in the spleen which stimulates CFU-S.

PMID- 3397834
TI  - Oxygen uptake in mice infected with Trichinella spiralis.
AB  - Oxygen consumption, rectal temperature, and the level of activity in mice
      infected with Trichinella spiralis were significantly reduced below that seen in
      uninfected controls for periods of time during the first 30 days following
      infection. The differences in oxygen consumption between controls and infected
      animals were evident throughout the 24-hr period comprising day 7 postinfection.
      Both oxygen consumption and rectal temperature increased with decreasing level of
      infection. These changes in oxygen consumption, rectal temperature, and activity
      are discussed in terms of pathophysiologic and immunopathologic changes known to
      occur during the course of infection.

PMID- 3397833
TI  - Efficacy of a pentaiodide resin disinfectant on Cryptosporidium parvum
      (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae) oocysts in vitro.
AB  - The resin-I5 column developed at Kansas State University was tested for efficacy
      against oocysts of Cryptosporidium parvum (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae).
      Cesium chloride gradient-purified oocysts were passed through 1.0-cm-diameter
      columns with lengths of 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 cm at 23 C. Following column passage,
      oocyst viability was determined both in vitro by excystation and in vivo by the
      ability to establish infections in suckling mice. Oocysts were found to be
      retained by the pentaiodide resin in a linear fashion, probably by electrostatic
      interactions. Linear regression analysis revealed 100% of the oocysts should be
      removed in such a manner using a column length of greater than or equal to 25.7
      cm. When compared to untreated control oocysts, less than 12% of the oocysts that
      passed through the columns appeared to be affected by the resin, as assessed by
      excystation. Inoculation of suckling mice with these column-treated oocysts
      supported the excystation data and revealed the coccidian to be viable. These
      results indicate that oocysts of C. parvum are retained on the pentaiodide column
      in a 1-hit manner and that, although killing of parasites may occur within the
      column, the greatest effect that the column may have on the parasite is as an
      electrostatic retention device.

PMID- 3397835
TI  - Hemolytic and coagulation properties of Sphaeridiotrema globulus (Trematoda).
AB  - Metacercariae of Sphaeridiotrema globulus (Trematoda) were obtained from
      naturally infected Goniobasis virginica (Pleuroceridae). Excysted metacercariae
      were placed individually on blood-agar plates. After 8 hr of incubation at 42 C
      the plates exhibited beta-hemolysis. The reaction zone was approximately 1.5 mm
      in diameter. Laboratory-reared mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) were infected
      with S. globulus. Mallards developed fatal sphaeridiotremiasis and demonstrated
      increased prothrombin time on days 3 and 6 postinfection.

PMID- 3397836
TI  - Degenerative changes in lymphatic endothelium of jirds infected with Brugia
      pahangi.
AB  - The quantitative changes of cytoplasmic vesicles and vacuoles in lymphatic
      endothelial cells of the mongolian jirds associated with Brugia pahangi
      infections were observed by transmission electron microscopy. The present study
      revealed a decrease in the proportion of cytoplasm occupied by vesicles and in
      the number of cytoplasmic vesicles in endothelial cells from lymphatic vessels
      harboring B. pahangi at 3, 4, and 10 mo after infection (3.55, 3.36, and 2.55
      vesicles/micron 2, respectively) when compared with cells from uninfected control
      vessels (7.03 vesicles/micron 2). On the contrary, there was an increase in the
      area of vacuoles in endothelial cells of jirds at 3, 4, and 10 mo postinfection.
      The mean +/- SD diameter of vesicles in cells from lymphatic vessels at 10 mo
      after infection was significantly smaller (78.6 +/- 5.6 nm) compared to vesicles
      in uninfected vessels (87.5 +/- 9.7 nm).

PMID- 3397838
TI  - On the status of Eimeria nieschulzi oocysts embedded in resin eleven years ago: a
      permanent method for preserving coccidian oocysts.
AB  - Sporulated oocysts of Eimeria nieschulzi that were fixed and mounted on glass
      slides in polymerized resin in 1976 are examined. Size, shape, and integrity of
      oocysts and sporocysts are compared to similar observations we made in 1977 and
      reported in 1978 (Journal of Parasitology 64: 163-164). Our conclusion is that
      the methods we reported on in 1978 provide one opportunity to produce permanent
      specimens of sporulated oocysts that could be made available for deposit in
      nationally accredited museums.

PMID- 3397839
TI  - Inhibition of intestinal absorption by bile acids: should we include a serosal
      effect?

PMID- 3397837
TI  - A simple technique for recovering larval ascaridoid nematodes from the flesh of
      marine fish.
AB  - This paper describes and evaluates the efficiency of a simple technique for
      recovering larval ascaridoid nematodes (Anisakis simplex and Pseudoterranova
      decipiens) from the flesh of marine fish. The technique involves mechanical
      disintegration of the flesh in a domestic food processor, followed by visual
      inspection of diluted portions of the resulting homogenate under short-wave
      ultraviolet light. The nematodes, which remain intact, fluorescence brightly and
      are easily detected, particularly if the musculature has been frozen and thawed
      previously. The technique recovers a much higher proportion of the total number
      of nematodes than candling and slicing, is more rapid than pepsin-HCl digestion,
      and would therefore be suitable for large-scale surveys of ascaridoid nematodes
      in the flesh of marine fish.

PMID- 3397840
TI  - Selective IgA deficiency.

PMID- 3397841
TI  - Complications of excessive amounts of calcium in feeding premature infants.

PMID- 3397842
TI  - The occurrence and significance of the bilirubin species, including delta
      bilirubin, in jaundiced infants.
AB  - An improved technique for bilirubin analysis, using high-performance liquid
      chromatography, has enabled us to study the occurrence and significance of four
      species of bilirubin (unconjugated, monoconjugated, diconjugated, and delta
      bilirubin) in 40 infants with jaundice of various etiologies. We found that: (a)
      infants with indirect hyperbilirubinemia showed greater than 90% of their total
      serum bilirubin as unconjugated bilirubin. The small remaining fraction consisted
      of conjugated bilirubin; predominantly delta bilirubin (5%); (b) infants with
      elevated direct serum bilirubin (greater than or equal to 2 mg/dl) showed almost
      twice more monoconjugated than diconjugated bilirubin fractions; (c) the standard
      diazo test for bilirubin analysis underestimates the direct bilirubin by as much
      as 34%; and (d) delta bilirubin, a tightly protein bound bilirubin, was observed
      in significant amounts in infants with elevated direct bilirubin. Its
      concentration, which ranged from 10-73% of the total bilirubin, was related to
      the duration rather than to the cause of the jaundice. It was also observed at
      birth in an infant with giant-cell hepatitis. It is concluded that the
      identification of more specific bilirubin species in jaundiced infants,
      especially in those with elevated direct serum bilirubin, will further help in
      the understanding and management of their disease.

PMID- 3397843
TI  - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for apolipoprotein B on dried blood spot
      derived from newborn infant: its application to neonatal mass screening for
      hypercholesterolemia.
AB  - Hypercholesterolemia is a risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease,
      and early diagnosis and treatment should be given attention. We developed a
      simple and sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for apolipoprotein
      B (apoB) on a dried blood spot (DBS). The specificity of this assay was
      investigated by constructing curves for other proteins. The cross-reactivity was
      negligible. The mean intra- and intercoefficients of variation were 5.2 and 7.8%,
      respectively. We used phosphate buffer with Triton X-100 for extracting apoB on
      DBS. The elution of apoB was stable up to 30 days after bleeding. The correlation
      between plasma and DBS apoB was r = 0.94, p less than 0.005, n = 55. Using this
      method, we screened 2,500 babies between 5 and 7 days of age. The mean +/- SD of
      DBS apoB was 75 +/- 15 U. Seven hypercholesterolemic neonates were detected.
      Family studies of these neonates disclosed one definite and two suspected
      heterozygotes for familial hypercholesterolemia. Four other neonates showed no
      related familial background. This ELISA method for assaying apoB should prove to
      be a useful tool for large mass screening for hypercholesterolemia, particularly
      in the newborn.

PMID- 3397844
TI  - Predictive value of intraepithelial lymphocyte counts in childhood coeliac
      disease.
AB  - To evaluate the use of intraepithelial lymphocyte (IEL) counts in identifying
      coeliac disease in childhood the jejunal histology from 116 children initially
      diagnosed as coeliac was reviewed. The diagnosis had been based on a
      characteristic mucosal abnormality and an apparent response to gluten exclusion.
      Lymphocyte counts were performed by one observer on the presenting biopsy and
      tissue samples obtained before and after a supervised gluten challenge. Results
      were expressed as IELs/100 enterocytes. On challenge 49% of patients failed to
      show histological deterioration with only one late relapse on 2 year follow-up.
      Reappraisal of these cases suggested alternate diagnoses, of which cow's milk
      protein intolerance (CMPI) (16%) and postenteritis malabsorption (20%) were the
      most common. In confirmed coeliacs IEL counts were high at diagnosis (67 +/- 16)
      (mean +/- SD), fell on diet (28 +/- 13), and rose on challenge (64 +/- 20). These
      changes were significant (p less than 0.01 using paired t test). Raised IEL
      counts at diagnosis were also found in patients with CMPI and giardiasis but a
      significant fall on diet only occurred in CMPI patients (p less than 0.05). Only
      patients showing mucosal relapse, i.e., confirmed coeliacs, showed a significant
      increase in IELs postgluten challenge compared with counts on a gluten-free diet.
      Although an increase in IELs showed good correlation with mucosal relapse on
      challenge, a high count at diagnosis was of insufficient specificity to obviate
      the need for gluten challenge.

PMID- 3397845
TI  - Intestinal milk-bolus obstruction in formula-fed premature infants given high
      doses of calcium.
AB  - Supplementation of milk formulae with calcium salts is recommended for low birth
      weight infants. We observed a serious complication of calcium administration in
      too high a dosage. Three premature infants (birth weight 1,080-1,900 g and
      gestational age 28-35 weeks) developed an obstruction of the distal ileum during
      the second week of life, leading to multiple bowel perforations and development
      of septic peritonitis in two cases. All three patients required surgical removal
      of a bolus blocking the intestinal lumen. Analysis of the bolus material from one
      infant indicated that the formation of soaps from calcium and long-chain fatty
      acids had caused the obstruction. All three infants had been fed a formula for
      premature infants with the addition of a recently introduced commercial mineral
      supplement, resulting in a very high calcium concentration of the feed (40.6
      mmol/L). Simulation of syringe feeding demonstrated that even higher calcium
      concentrations could occur in milk portions containing sedimented calcium
      compounds.

PMID- 3397846
TI  - Relationship between breath and total body hydrogen excretion rates in neonates.
AB  - Our study examined the relationship of H2 excreted in breath to total body H2
      excreted by neonates. We report simultaneously measured end-tidal H2
      concentrations, plus breath H2 and total body H2 (breath H2 plus flatus H2)
      excretion rates in 10 neonates. End-tidal H2 concentrations varied from 2.4 to
      192 ppm. Breath H2 excretion rates ranged from 0.20 to 6.5 and total body H2
      excretion rates from 0.29 to 15.0 ml/h. The fractional breath H2 excretion in
      these infants was 48% (range 33-69%), compared with 21% reported in adults. The
      correlation coefficient for end-tidal derived H2 excretion and directly measured
      breath H2 excretion rates was 0.95 (p less than 0.001). We conclude that the
      proportion of total H2 excreted in the breath of neonates is increased compared
      with adults, suggesting that caution must be exercised when interpreting newborn
      breath H2 measurements and using adult norms.

PMID- 3397847
TI  - The bowel habit of milk-fed infants.
AB  - A prospective study of the bowel habits of 240 infants aged 2-20 weeks was
      performed. Half of the infants were breast fed and half were fed cow's milk
      formula (CMF). Breast-fed infants had a higher mean frequency of defaecation than
      did CMF-fed infants at 2, 4 and 8 weeks (p less than 0.02). By 16 weeks the mean
      frequency of bowel actions per day of infants of both feeding groups was 2. With
      increasing age, infants produced fewer stools of greater firmness (p less than
      0.05) though the breast fed tended to pass larger, softer stools than did the CMF
      fed infants until the introduction of weaning foods (p less than 0.05). Stool
      colour was uniformly yellow in both feeding groups until the introduction of
      weaning foods, when it changed to brown. Weaning foods were introduced at an
      earlier age in the CMF-fed infants (p less than 0.05), though by 20 weeks 93% of
      all infants had received some. These data define the normal range of the bowel
      habits of milk-fed infants and may reflect differences in gastrointestinal
      function between those fed on the breast and with CMF.

PMID- 3397849
TI  - Barrett's esophagus in an infant: a long standing history with final postsurgical
      regression.
AB  - Data on the frequency of regression of Barrett's esophagus after medical therapy
      or antireflux surgery in adult patients are conflicting; these data, with regard
      to pediatric age, where Barrett's esophagus is considered rare, are scarce and
      disappointing after antireflux surgery. We report a 4-month-old infant affected
      by severe reflux esophagitis who developed a junctional-type Barrett's
      epithelium. Histochemical procedures to detect mucin pattern were also carried
      out. The regression of Barrett's esophagus was observed 4 months after antireflux
      surgery whereas medical therapy had been unsuccessful. We suggest that esophageal
      biopsy should also be performed in the presence of severe esophagitis. Longer
      follow-up observations of other patients may clarify the role of antireflux
      surgery when Barrett's esophagus complicates gastroesophageal reflux (GER).

PMID- 3397848
TI  - Early follow-up of very low birth weight infants after hospital discharge with
      respect to growth and mineral homeostasis.
AB  - Very low birth weight infants from two previous in-hospital feeding studies were
      investigated at follow-up after hospital discharge at a mean postnatal age of 12
      weeks. Of infants who had received human milk in hospital (own mother's or
      pooled), 26 were seen at follow-up, of whom only 8 remained exclusively breast
      fed. Of those fed a formula in hospital, 31 were seen at follow-up. Those infants
      who had been fed human milk while in hospital demonstrated slower linear growth
      over the 6-week period of this study. Only those fed exclusively human milk from
      birth to the time of follow-up showed elevated serum alkaline phosphatase and low
      serum phosphate values, while those fed human milk in hospital, but completely or
      partially formula fed thereafter, had values similar to those fed formula
      throughout. Alkaline phosphatase values greater than 675 IU/L were associated
      with either exclusive breast feeding or vitamin D depletion. Of the two cases of
      rickets diagnosed on wrist x-rays, one infant had been exclusively breast fed and
      the other was vitamin D depleted.

PMID- 3397850
TI  - Dumping in infancy diagnosed by radionuclide gastric emptying technique.
AB  - Two infants were diagnosed with dumping syndrome by a radionuclide gastric
      emptying method. Both patients presented with anorexia, weight loss, agitation
      and diaphoresis following bolus feeding by gastrostomy tube. One had documented
      hyperglycemia and glycosuria. Symptoms and signs of dumping in one patient were
      due to a gastrostomy placed in the antrum, whereby bolus tube feedings were
      inadvertently introduced directly into the duodenum. The second patient developed
      dumping symptoms after a Waterston colonic interposition was performed to correct
      a long gap esophageal atresia. Gastric emptying, measured by administering 99mTc
      sulfur colloid-labeled formula, demonstrated an initial extremely rapid
      appearance of isotope in the small intestine, with greater than one-third of the
      formula leaving the stomach in less than 2 min. The gastric emptying pattern in
      both patients appeared biphasic; after the initial "dumping" phase, the remaining
      formula emptied slowly, with monoexponential decay kinetics.

PMID- 3397852
TI  - Infantile colitis: a manifestation of intestinal Behcet's syndrome.
AB  - A brother and sister of first cousin Pakistani parents presented with recurrent
      mouth ulcers and chronic diarrhoea in the neonatal period. Diarrhoea persisted in
      spite of treatment with oral prednisolone and sulphasalazine. Both children
      required subtotal colectomy with ileostomy. Histopathology of the resected colons
      was virtually identical and showed multiple deep "flask"-shaped ulcers, often
      penetrating to the serosa, in the presence of chronic inflammation, but without
      any of the characteristic histological features of Crohn's disease. The
      appearance closely resembled the colitis of Beh,cet's syndrome. Both children
      (aged 6 and 3.5 years, respectively) have continued to have recurrent perianal
      disease with intermittent bloody diarrhoea since the operation. Apart from the
      initial symptoms of oral aphthous ulcerations in both children, no other major
      criteria have developed so far. Intestinal Behcet's syndrome should be considered
      in the differential diagnosis of chronic inflammatory bowel disease in childhood.

PMID- 3397851
TI  - Acute obstructive pancreatitis secondary to a duodenal hematoma.
AB  - An 18-year-old male with hemophilia presented with symptoms and signs of upper
      intestinal obstruction. Evaluation was consistent with an intramural duodenal
      hematoma and obstructive pancreatitis. As it is not possible to distinguish
      between these two disorders on a clinical basis, it is important to realize that
      pancreatitis may occur in such patients more often than is recognized.

PMID- 3397853
TI  - Use of the biochemical estimation of acetylcholinesterase in rectal biopsies.

PMID- 3397854
TI  - Gastroesophageal scintigraphy.

PMID- 3397855
TI  - Determination of the normal position of the anus (with reference to idiopathic
      constipation)

PMID- 3397856
TI  - Egocentric localization changes following unilateral strabismus surgery.
AB  - We measured spatial localization (using an open-loop pointing task) monocularly
      in each eye of eight patients undergoing unilateral strabismus surgery. Most of
      these patients had some degree of binocular vision. We found that, in most cases,
      changes in spatial localization produced by surgery on the operated eye
      paralleled those found in the other eye, both in magnitude and duration.
      Unilateral surgery can have central effects on egocentric localization.

PMID- 3397857
TI  - A surgical approach for Duane syndrome.
AB  - Duane retraction syndrome (DRS) represents a spectrum of motility disorders in
      which the common feature is retraction of the affected eye on attempted
      adduction. Electrophysiologic and neuropathologic studies have shown that the
      underlying cause is anomalous innervation of the lateral rectus with the medial
      rectus and, at times, with vertical muscles in the affected eye. Clinical
      abnormalities observed in DRS can include any or all of the following: a
      deviation in the primary position; abnormal head position; severe retraction
      causing a pseudoptosis; and upshoots and/or downshoots associated with A, V, or X
      patterns. A surgical approach based on the analysis of these four features is
      presented, allowing the surgeon to devise an appropriate, individualized plan for
      a given case which can yield optimal results in one operation.

PMID- 3397858
TI  - Acuity card testing of spastic children: preliminary results.
AB  - Acuity card testing of spastic children showed a high success rate. Agreement
      between repeated tests for children with mild motor handicaps was within the
      limits reported for non-handicapped children. Although more of the children with
      severe motor handicaps had greater test-retest variabilities, the majority of
      results from this group also showed an acceptable agreement. The high success
      rate and good test-retest agreement indicate that acuity cards can be very useful
      for testing children with cerebral palsy, who often have reduced acuity.

PMID- 3397859
TI  - Ophthalmologic features of Prader-Willi syndrome.
AB  - Forty-six patients with Prader-Willi syndrome were examined to determine the
      incidence and character of ocular abnormalities. All patients met clinical
      criteria for this syndrome including infantile hypotonia, hypogonadism, truncal
      obesity, intellectual impairment, dysmorphic facies, and short stature. Thirty
      two patients had best corrected visual acuities between 6/6 and 6/9 in each eye.
      Seven patients (15%) had myopia greater than -3.75 diopters. Nineteen (41%)
      patients had astigmatism of 1.25 diopters or greater. Amblyopia of strabismic,
      anisometropic, or ametropic etiology was present in 11 (24%) of the patients.
      Strabismus was present in 25 (54%) patients: 22 (48%) patients had esotropia and
      three (7%) had exotropia. Nine patients either received or required strabismus
      surgery. Thirty-three percent of the patients examined for iris transillumination
      defects had this finding. This study represents the first large series of
      patients with Prader-Willi syndrome to undergo detailed ophthalmologic
      evaluation. Recognition of this syndrome is important because of the high
      incidence of potentially treatable ocular problems.

PMID- 3397860
TI  - The disc-macula distance to disc diameter ratio: a new test for confirming optic
      nerve hypoplasia in young children.
AB  - The disc-macula: disc diameter (DM:DD) ratio is the ratio of the horizontal
      distance between the center of the optic disc and the macula to the mean diameter
      of the optic disc, as evaluated from fundus photographs. The diagnosis of optic
      nerve hypoplasia may be difficult in cases in which the optic discs are slightly
      reduced in size, or when the double ring sign is absent and the condition is
      bilateral. The DM:DD ratio was calculated for six eyes of five children with
      ophthalmoscopically obvious optic nerve hypoplasia, 12 eyes of six children in
      whom the diagnosis of optic nerve hypoplasia was equivocal (but established by
      visual field examination and retinal red free photography), 13 eyes of eight
      children with optic atrophy, and 25 eyes of 17 children with normal optic discs.
      The DM:DD ratio was found to be significantly higher for both groups with optic
      nerve hypoplasia than for those with optic atrophy and the normal controls. For
      practical purposes, when the DM:DD ratio is greater than 3.0, the diagnosis of
      optic nerve hypoplasia should be seriously considered.

PMID- 3397862
TI  - Personality similarity in twins reared apart and together.
AB  - We administered the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire (MPQ) to 217
      monozygotic and 114 dizygotic reared-together adult twin pairs and 44 monozygotic
      and 27 dizygotic reared-apart adult twin pairs. A four-parameter biometric model
      (incorporating genetic, additive versus nonadditive, shared family-environment,
      and unshared environment components) and five reduced models were fitted through
      maximum-likelihood techniques to data obtained with the 11 primary MPQ scales and
      its 3 higher order scales. Solely environmental models did not fit any of the
      scales. Although the other reduced models, including the simple additive model,
      did fit many of the scales, only the full model provided a satisfactory fit for
      all scales. Heritabilities estimated by the full model ranged from .39 to .58.
      Consistent with previous reports, but contrary to widely held beliefs, the
      overall contribution of a common family-environment component was small and
      negligible for all but 2 of the 14 personality measures. Evidence of significant
      nonadditive genetic effects, possibly emergenic (epistatic) in nature, was
      obtained for 3 of the measures.

PMID- 3397861
TI  - Intraindividual and interindividual analyses of positive and negative affect:
      their relation to health complaints, perceived stress, and daily activities.
AB  - I examined correlates of Negative Affect (NA) and Positive Affect (PA) through
      both within- and between-subjects analyses. Eighty subjects completed a daily
      questionnaire for 6-8 weeks. Each day they rated (a) their mood, (b) the extent
      to which they suffered from various minor physical problems, (c) their level of
      stress, (d) the time they spent socializing, and (e) whether or not they had
      exercised. Subjects also completed several trait tests measuring their general
      affective level, frequency of health problems, and social tendencies. A between
      subjects analysis showed the expected pattern: Level of physical complaints and
      perceived stress were correlated with individual differences in NA but not in PA,
      whereas social indicators and frequency of exercise were related only to PA. The
      within-subjects results generally exhibited a similar pattern: Social activity
      and exercise were more strongly related to PA, whereas perceived stress was
      highly related to NA. However, the most significant finding was that, contrary to
      prediction, health complaints were as strongly related to intraindividual
      fluctuations in PA as in NA. Possible interpretations of the observed correlates
      of NA and PA are discussed.

PMID- 3397863
TI  - Conflict among personal strivings: immediate and long-term implications for
      psychological and physical well-being.
AB  - We examined the influence of goal conflict and ambivalence on psychological and
      physical well-being through the personal striving framework. Eighty-eight
      undergraduates in two studies listed 15 of their personal strivings and rated
      them on the amount of conflict experienced between them and ambivalence
      experienced about each. Diary and experience sampling methods were used to assess
      positive and negative affect and physical symptomatology. Conflict and
      ambivalence were associated with high levels of negative affect, depression,
      neuroticism, and psychosomatic complaints. Conflict was also associated with
      health center visits and illnesses over the past year. A 1-year follow-up
      demonstrated that conflict and ambivalence ratings were stable and that these
      ratings predicted psychosomatic complaints over time. In a third study,
      undergraduates' thoughts and activities were randomly sampled over a 3-week
      period. Subjects were less likely to act on conflictful and ambivalent strivings
      but to spend more time thinking about these strivings.

PMID- 3397864
TI  - The effects of contextual information and gender on the prediction of hypnotic
      susceptibility.
AB  - Council, Kirsch, and Hafner (1986) obtained empirical support for the hypothesis
      that significant correlations between questionnaire measures of absorption and
      hypnotic susceptibility are an artifact of subjects' beliefs about their own
      hypnotizability. We tested this hypothesis in a two-session experiment. During
      Session 1, subjects completed questionnaire measures of absorption, mystical
      experience, daydreaming frequency, and paranormal beliefs. During Session 2,
      subjects were tested for hypnotic susceptibility. Subjects were also exposed to
      one of three information manipulations: They were told about hypnotic testing
      either before or after filling out the questionnaires or were not told about
      hypnotic testing. The information manipulation moderated the prediction of
      susceptibility by the questionnaire measures for women, but not for men. For
      women, scores on the absorption questionnaire predicted susceptibility only when
      subjects were informed about hypnotic testing. In the told-after condition, this
      effect generalized to all of the remaining questionnaire measures. For men, none
      of the questionnaires was a reliable predictor of susceptibility.

PMID- 3397865
TI  - Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: the
      PANAS scales.
AB  - In recent studies of the structure of affect, positive and negative affect have
      consistently emerged as two dominant and relatively independent dimensions. A
      number of mood scales have been created to measure these factors; however, many
      existing measures are inadequate, showing low reliability or poor convergent or
      discriminant validity. To fill the need for reliable and valid Positive Affect
      and Negative Affect scales that are also brief and easy to administer, we
      developed two 10-item mood scales that comprise the Positive and Negative Affect
      Schedule (PANAS). The scales are shown to be highly internally consistent,
      largely uncorrelated, and stable at appropriate levels over a 2-month time
      period. Normative data and factorial and external evidence of convergent and
      discriminant validity for the scales are also presented.

PMID- 3397866
TI  - Finding the face in the crowd: an anger superiority effect.
AB  - Facial gestures have been given an increasingly critical role in models of
      emotion. The biological significance of interindividual transmission of emotional
      signals is a pivotal assumption for placing the face in a central position in
      these models. This assumption invited a logical corollary, examined in this
      article: Face-processing should be highly efficient. Three experiments documented
      an asymmetry in the processing of emotionally discrepant faces embedded in
      crowds. The results suggested that threatening faces pop out of crowds, perhaps
      as a result of a preattentive, parallel search for signals of direct threat.

PMID- 3397867
TI  - Context-dependent automatic processing in depression: accessibility of negative
      constructs with regard to self but not others.
AB  - The existence of automatic negative self-referential thought in depression was
      examined by using the concurrent memory load paradigm. Depressed and nondepressed
      subjects judged each of a series of depressed- and nondepressed-content
      adjectives as to its descriptiveness of the self or of the average other person.
      While making each judgment, some subjects held six digits in working memory,
      whereas the remaining subjects had no concurrent memory load. We found that the
      memory load manipulation resulted in a reliably smaller increase in depressed
      subjects' self-referential judgment latencies for depressed content than for
      nondepressed content, with the reverse being true of nondepressed subjects. For
      all subjects, however, the load effect on other-referential judgment latencies
      was smaller for nondepressed-content adjectives than for depressed-content
      adjectives. The results suggest an automatic, unintentional component in the
      depressed person's use of negative social constructs in self-perception but not
      in other-perception, indicating a context-dependent form of automatic processing.

PMID- 3397868
TI  - Some operationalizations of the neodissociation concept and their relationship to
      hypnotic susceptibility.
AB  - We operationalized and tested E. R. Hilgard's (1973a, 1977b) neodissociation
      theory. His work suggested that the dissociation necessary for experiencing
      hypnotic phenomena may be attributable to a general capacity for dissociation
      that should be measurable outside of the domain of hypnosis. We used several
      types of operational definitions and tasks in order to capture a wide range of
      meanings. The performances of 169 undergraduates on clerical/motor and cognitive
      tasks in selective attention and divided attention conditions, as well as the
      degree of incidental learning, were correlated with scores on the Harvard Group
      Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility. The results do not support a neodissociation
      theory despite the study's respectable convergent-discriminant validity. Although
      conceptual and methodological considerations were noted, the results may indicate
      an important limitation of the explanatory power of E. R. Hilgard's
      neodissociation theory.

PMID- 3397869
TI  - Environmental demand and demand engendering behavior: an observational analysis
      of the type A pattern.
AB  - In a prospective, observational study, we examined Type A behavior as a predictor
      of source of work demands, volume of work and nonwork activity, whether work
      begun was finished, and attention to more than one activity at a time. Police
      radio dispatchers (N = 72) were observed throughout one work shift, and half of
      the sample was observed on two additional work shifts. Behavioral categories
      showed substantial stability between observation occasions. Hierarchical
      regression revealed that two components of the broader Type A pattern, Hard
      Driving Competitiveness and Job Involvement, were better predictors of work
      demands and behavior than was the global A score. Results support an
      interactional personality perspective in that Type As, relative to Type Bs,
      received more externally imposed demands from particular sources such as
      superiors or peers. However, these same Type As also generated more demand by
      simultaneously initiating work tasks for themselves and attending to multiple
      tasks.

PMID- 3397870
TI  - Anterior axial projection of the foot.

PMID- 3397871
TI  - Computed tomographic scanning of a cavernous hemangioma.

PMID- 3397872
TI  - Modification of the Scarf bunionectomy.

PMID- 3397873
TI  - A new method for bone fixation. The snap off Kirschner wire.

PMID- 3397874
TI  - A new use of instrumentation in fluoroscopy controlled heel spur surgery.

PMID- 3397875
TI  - Congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia. A case report.

PMID- 3397877
TI  - Herbert screw.

PMID- 3397878
TI  - New procedures?

PMID- 3397876
TI  - Orthoses. An analysis of their component materials.

PMID- 3397879
TI  - Bilateral tarsal tunnel syndrome. A correlative perspective.

PMID- 3397881
TI  - Shape of the first metatarsal head in hallux rigidus and hallux valgus.

PMID- 3397880
TI  - Shock absorption during running and walking.

PMID- 3397882
TI  - Surgical considerations in the treatment of pes planus.

PMID- 3397883
TI  - Physeal fractures of the distal phalanx of the hallux.

PMID- 3397884
TI  - Arthrodesis of the fifth metatarsocuboid joint. A case report.

PMID- 3397886
TI  - Sources of journal manuscripts.

PMID- 3397885
TI  - Gout, phlebitis, and carcinoma in a post-surgical podiatry patient.

PMID- 3397887
TI  - Research--where are we?

PMID- 3397888
TI  - Snellen notation used for over 100 years to record visual acuity is an inadequate
      way to assess functional vision.

PMID- 3397889
TI  - Hexagonal keratotomy for correction of low hyperopia: preliminary results of a
      prospective study.
AB  - Fifteen sighted eyes of 11 patients had hexagonal keratotomy for the correction
      of low hyperopia. Mean preoperative hyperopia of +3.21 diopters (range +1.75 to
      +5.50) was reduced a mean of 2.16 diopters (range 0 to -3.25) and keratometry was
      increased a mean of +2.22 diopters (range +0.75 to +3.71). Follow-up averaged 9.5
      months (range 2.0 to 17.5). Ten of the 15 eyes (67%) had at least six months
      follow-up. No eye had better than 20/80 uncorrected visual acuity preoperatively.
      Fourteen eyes (93%) had 20/80 or better uncorrected acuity at the most recent
      postoperative visit. Nine of the 15 eyes (60%) had uncorrected acuity of 20/40 or
      better. Refractive spherical equivalent appeared to stabilize by three months for
      most patients. Astigmatism was increased a mean of only +0.02 diopter and no
      serious complications occurred. Further follow-up is required to assess the
      safety and efficacy of hexagonal keratotomy for reducing low levels of hyperopia.

PMID- 3397890
TI  - Correlation between intraoperative and early postoperative keratometry.
AB  - A study to determine the correlation between intraoperative quantitative
      keratometry and one day postoperative office keratometry was performed. Prior
      reports have failed to demonstrate a positive statistical relationship between
      surgical and postoperative keratometry, weakening the value of quantitative
      intraoperative keratometry. Careful control of variables at surgery, however, can
      allow for positive keratometric correlation. The data of the present study
      revealed no statistical difference between intraoperative and one day
      postoperative corneal astigmatism when intraocular pressure was established at a
      standard physiologic level prior to final suture closure of the scleral pocket
      wound. When intraocular pressure was not controlled at the time of wound closure,
      intraoperative and postoperative corneal cylinder were statistically dissimilar.
      Operative quantitative keratometry, performed with tight control of variables,
      appears to play a vital role in reducing iatrogenic cylinder in the early
      postoperative phase of cataract rehabilitation.

PMID- 3397891
TI  - Intraoperative and postoperative complications with a posterior chamber lens with
      five-degree angulated loops.
AB  - A posterior chamber lens with five-degree angulated loops made by Hoya Company,
      Ltd., (181 lenses) and Menicon Company, Ltd., (19 lenses) was implanted in 200
      consecutive eyes with senile or developmental cataracts without other known
      preoperative ocular conditions. The postoperative visual acuity with correction
      was excellent--20/40 or better in 97.5% of eyes and 20/20 or better in 79.0%. The
      rate of in-the-bag implantation was 67.5%. There were no cases of primary pupil
      capture of the lens optic; secondary capture due to postoperative inflammation
      and synechias was observed in 7.0% of eyes.

PMID- 3397892
TI  - Finishing of modern posterior chamber intraocular lenses.
AB  - We performed specular microscopy to study the surface finishes of modern
      posterior chamber intraocular lenses from 12 manufacturers. Specular microscopy
      detected surface contamination, severe polishing marks, subtle irregularities of
      the lens surface, roughly finished optic edges, and irregular edges of
      positioning holes in many lenses. The results indicated that the finishes on
      modern intraocular lenses from several manufacturers were not satisfactory, and
      surgeons should reconsider the quality of intraocular lenses.

PMID- 3397893
TI  - Clinical endothelial cell loss following phacoemulsification and silicone or
      polymethylmethacrylate lens implantation.
AB  - This study is a comparison of endothelial cell loss seen by two surgeons using
      the same surgical technique (posterior chamber phacoemulsification) with
      posterior chamber implants of two different materials (silicone and
      polymethylmethacrylate [PMMA]). One hundred four silicone lenses were implanted
      following phacoemulsification and compared with 160 PMMA lenses implanted during
      the same period. A significant feature of these procedures was the incidence of
      endothelial cell loss of greater than 1,200 cells/mm2. This occurred in 12.0% of
      cases with PMMA implants and in 15.4% of cases with silicone implants. When
      silicone implants were analyzed by insertion technique, flat insertion had only
      7.7% cell loss of over 1,200 cells/mm2 whereas folding-bar insertion (14.3%) and
      syringe-style insertion (16.9%) showed a significant increase in the incidence of
      cell loss. Pachymetric results coincided with endothelial cell counts. Although
      silicone implants inserted flat produced less endothelial cell loss than PMMA
      implants inserted flat, silicone implants inserted folded produced greater loss.
      Improved insertion techniques should be developed.

PMID- 3397894
TI  - Epidemiology of aphakic retinal detachment following intracapsular cataract
      extraction: a follow-up study with an analysis of risk factors.
AB  - We reviewed 604 eyes in 521 patients who had intracapsular cataract extraction.
      The follow-up period averaged 39 months. The incidence of rhegmatogenous aphakic
      retinal detachment (ARD) was 1.3% in the whole group. The ARD incidence was 1.0%
      in eyes without surgical complications and 5.4% in myopic eyes (myopia defined as
      an aphakic refraction less than or equal to +9.0 diopters). The log-rank test was
      used to estimate the statistical significance of various ARD predictors.
      Significant predictors were age at surgery below 70 years (P = .0004) and myopia
      (P = .001). Our results indicate that the high risk of ARD is concentrated in a
      small group of myopic patients operated on at a relatively early age. During the
      follow-up period, 128 patients died. Compared with the mortality rate of the
      entire Danish population, this was not an above average mortality rate. Thus, our
      results do not support the hypothesis that senile cataracts reflect general
      systemic deterioration rather than local eye disease.

PMID- 3397895
TI  - Suppurative keratitis: a late complication of radial keratotomy.
AB  - A 21-year-old man who had radial keratotomy performed two years previously
      presented with a painful, red right eye. Suppurative keratitis was found in one
      of the eight radial incisions and Staphylococcus epidermidis was isolated by
      culture. Lack of stromal healing of the infected incision and the presence of
      epithelial cysts in four other incisions in the same eye suggest that the cause
      of the corneal infection was loss of the epithelial barrier function because of
      epithelial breakdown.

PMID- 3397896
TI  - Pressurized anterior chamber approach to in-the-bag posterior chamber lens
      insertion.
AB  - A new approach to in-the-bag insertion is described. It combines elements of
      previously used techniques and includes a D-shaped capsulotomy, a posterior
      chamber intraocular lens with polypropylene loops and one control tip, a Sinskey,
      reverse Maltzman, or similar hook, and a lens loop injector (a simplified version
      of the Bailey lens shooter).

PMID- 3397897
TI  - Investigation of unwanted images caused by intraocular lenses.
AB  - A widely circulated paper by IOLAB Corporation describing unwanted images
      inadvertently presented various images that could not exist with a centered
      intraocular lens as was claimed in the study. I repeated the IOLAB experiments
      and found that artifacts within the Gullstrand eye model, which was used in the
      IOLAB study, were the cause of these images. I also found that a myopic eye will
      see a collimated light or point source as a mottled cluster of bright spots which
      can be simulated, in an eye model, by a faceted corneal lens. From this
      observation, I learned that people can see their own cataracts when looking at a
      distant light.

PMID- 3397898
TI  - No lift capsular bag phacoemulsification and dialing technique for no-hole
      intraocular lens optics.

PMID- 3397899
TI  - Use of haloperidol preoperatively.

PMID- 3397900
TI  - Radial keratotomy redux.

PMID- 3397901
TI  - Anterior chamber lenses.

PMID- 3397902
TI  - Relief of intraocular pressure by applying pressure on the posterior scleral
      wound.

PMID- 3397903
TI  - Empirical modification of the theoretical IOL power formulas.

PMID- 3397904
TI  - Personal experience with cataract surgery.

PMID- 3397905
TI  - Improving depression severity assessment--II. Content, concurrent and external
      validity of three observer depression scales.
AB  - The Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating
      Scale (MADRS) and the Bech-Rafaelsen Melancholia Scale (BRMS) were compared with
      respect to content, concurrent and external validity in sample of 130 patients
      with a major depressive episode. The three scales did equally well in concurrent
      and external validity. The HAMD showed some deficiencies in content validity. The
      consequences for depression severity assessment are discussed.

PMID- 3397906
TI  - A new validation of the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression.
AB  - This paper investigates the reliability and validity of a Spanish version of the
      Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (17-item version) which has good concurrent
      (r = 0.82) and content (average frequency = 62%) validity. Inter-rater
      reliability (r = 0.99), split-half reliability (r = 0.89) and alpha reliability
      (r = 0.72) are acceptable. A Factor Analysis identified five factors accounting
      for 56% of total variance.

PMID- 3397907
TI  - Plasma 11-deoxycortisol and cortisol following dexamethasone in psychiatric
      patients.
AB  - As it has been suggested that calculating the ratio of cortisol to its
      biosynthetic precursor, 11-deoxycortisol, may enhance the sensitivity of the
      dexamethasone suppression test (DST) for depression, cortisol and 11
      deoxycortisol were measured in 90 subjects undergoing this test. Among these
      subjects, post-dexamethasone cortisol and 11-deoxycortisol levels were
      significantly correlated (r = 0.65, P less than 0.001) and evaluating the ratio
      of cortisol to 11-deoxycortisol decreased rather than enhanced sensitivity of the
      DST.

PMID- 3397908
TI  - Improving depression severity assessment--I. Reliability, internal validity and
      sensitivity to change of three observer depression scales.
AB  - The Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) is the most commonly used scale for
      depression severity assessment and for antidepressant treatment evaluation.
      Alternative scales have been proposed by Bech and Rafaelsen (BRMS) and by
      Montgomery and Asberg (MADRS) to try to overcome the shortcomings of HAMD: they
      are based on different concepts of severity and different scaling procedures.
      Comparisons with respect to reliability, validity and ability to detect change
      have been performed using these scales in different samples. The BRMS proved
      superior. This result makes it necessary to question the usual procedure of
      testing the efficacy of antidepressants by means of HAMD alone. Problems in
      defining the severity of depression and in testing the validity of severity
      scales are discussed.

PMID- 3397909
TI  - Clonidine-induced automutilation in mice as a laboratory model for clinical self
      injurious behaviour.
AB  - Clonidine-induced automutilation in mice was investigated as a putative
      experimental model for human self-injurious behaviour. Clonidine (20, 50 and 100
      mg/kg, ip) produced dose-related self-biting, causing severe automutilation in
      mice which had been isolated and food-deprived for 24 h. This clonidine-induced
      behaviour was significantly attenuated by pharmacological treatments which
      selectively augment central serotonergic or reduce central dopaminergic activity.
      Conversely, the clonidine effect was potentiated by pharmacological agents which
      selectively reduce or enhance central serotonergic and dopaminergic activity,
      respectively. Drug-induced alterations in central noradrenergic or cholinergic
      activity had no significant effect on the self-mutilatory behaviour induced by
      clonidine. The automutilation induced by clonidine in mice appears to be a good
      experimental model for human self-injurious behaviour, since the latter has been
      postulated to result from serotonin deficiency and/or facilitation of central
      dopaminergic activity.

PMID- 3397910
TI  - A twin study of amino acid concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid.
AB  - The concentrations of amino acids in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were measured
      in pairs of healthy mono- and dizygotic twins. Intraclass correlations were
      calculated. Genetic and cultural heritabilities were estimated using a path
      analytical model. CSF levels of glycine, tyrosine and arginine were shown to be
      influenced by genetic factors. Genetic variation was also shown for serine, alpha
      aminobutyrate and leucine. The results were compared with results from a genetic
      analysis of the amino acids in serum.

PMID- 3397911
TI  - Psychiatric morbidity in the clients of social workers.
AB  - Newly referred clients (N = 141) in two inner city Social Service department
      settings were interviewed using the Present State Examination and the Social
      Maladjustment Schedule and screened by social workers using the GHQ and the Case
      Review Form. 73% of cases were GHQ positive, using the 4/5 cut off on the GHQ-28.
      Receiver Operating Characteristic analysis showed that the GHQ cut-off point
      which maximised sensitivity and specificity in the present sample was 10/11.
      PSE/ID/CATEGO analysis identified 25% of the sample as "cases" (ID 6-8) and 28%
      as "threshold disorders" (ID 5). Using a straightforward "present/absent"
      assessment of "caseness" social workers misclassified more than a third of the
      PSE cases and correctly identified half of the non-cases. The results are
      discussed.

PMID- 3397912
TI  - Neuropeptide Y and peptide YY as possible cerebrospinal fluid markers for major
      depression and schizophrenia, respectively.
AB  - Neuropeptide Y (NPY)-like and peptide YY (PYY)-like immunoreactivities were
      measured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with major depressive
      disorder or schizophrenia and from healthy volunteers without physical or mental
      illness. NPY-like material was significantly lower (P less than 0.001) in CSF of
      patients with depressive disorders than in schizophrenic patients or healthy
      controls. Treatment with the antidepressant, amiflamine, a selective MAO-A
      inhibitor, did not alter CSF peptide concentrations. In drug-free schizophrenic
      patients, normal NPY but reduced PYY concentrations in CSF were observed.
      Treatment with neuroleptics did not affect the levels of NPY or PYY in the CSF.
      The finding of reduced CSF concentrations of NPY in patients with major
      depression and of reduced PYY concentrations in schizophrenia may reflect
      disturbed synthesis, turnover or degradation of the peptides. These findings
      suggest that the reduced concentrations of NPY or PYY in the CSF may be used as
      trait markers of the respective illnesses.

PMID- 3397914
TI  - Coccidian parasites (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from insectivores. VI. Six new
      species from the eastern mole, Scalopus aquaticus.
AB  - Thirteen eastern moles, Scalopus aquaticus, collected in West Texas were examined
      for coccidian oocysts; 11 (85%) were infected and eight (73%) of these had
      multiple infections representing two or more species. One cyclosporan, three
      eimerians, and two isosporans were studied and all are described as new species.
      Sporulated oocysts of Cyclospora megacephali n. sp. were subspheroidal, 18.5 X
      15.7 (14-21 X 12-18) microns; they had sporocysts pointed at one end with Stieda
      bodies nearly as wide as the sporocysts themselves, and were 15.0 X 7.2 (11-17 X
      6-9) microns; C. megacephali was found in four (31%) hosts. Sporulated oocysts of
      Eimeria scalopi n. sp. were spheroidal to subspheroidal, 13.6 X 12.6 (11-17 X 11
      15) microns with sporocysts lemon-shaped, 8.7 X 5.5 (7-10 X 4-7) microns; it was
      found in six (46%) hosts. Sporulated oocysts of Eimeria aquatici n. sp. were
      asymmetrically ellipsoidal, 17.0 X 10.6 (14-20 X 9-14) microns with sporocysts
      elongately ovoidal, 9.0 X 5.2 (8-11 X 4-6) microns; it was found in two (15%)
      hosts. Sporulated oocysts of Eimeria motleiensis n. sp. were subspheroidal, 17.0
      X 15.3 (15-20 X 13-18) microns with sporocysts ovoidal, 10.7 X 6.8 (10-13 X 6-8)
      microns; it was found in seven (54%) hosts. Sporulated oocysts of Isospora
      motleiensis n. sp. were spheroidal to subspheroidal, 13.6 X 12.0 (10-17 X 8-15)
      microns with sporocysts broadly ovoidal, 9.5 X 6.7 (7-11 X 4-8) microns; it was
      found in nine (69%) hosts. Sporulated oocysts of Isospora aquatici n. sp. were
      subspheroidal, 20.9 X 18.4 (15-24 X 13-21) microns with sporocysts ellipsoidal,
      11.8 X 9.0 (9-14 X 7-11) microns; it was found in two (15%) hosts.

PMID- 3397913
TI  - Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and T. b. rhodesiense: concanavalin A binding to the
      membrane and flagellar pocket of bloodstream and procyclic forms.
AB  - We have measured binding of fluorescein-conjugated succinyl-concanavalin A (Fl-s
      Con A) to bloodstream and procyclic forms of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and to
      bloodstream forms of T. b. rhodesiense by flow cytofluorimetry. Bloodstream forms
      bound an order of magnitude less lectin than procyclic forms. Trypsin-treating
      cells enhanced binding of Fl-s-Con A to bloodstream forms 3-16-fold depending on
      the strain and the length of trypsinization but had little effect on Fl-s-Con A
      binding by procyclics. The trypsinization protocol used did not remove major
      common glycoproteins detected on lectin blots of either life cycle form but
      removed greater than 95% of the variant specific glycoprotein and fragments
      derived from this protein of bloodstream forms. Microscopically detectable Fl-s
      Con A binding to bloodstream forms was confined to the flagellar pocket.
      Trypsinized bloodstream forms and procyclics bound Fl-s-Con A in the flagellar
      pocket, on the flagellum, and on the cell surface. Lectin remained cell
      associated but appeared to redistribute towards the flagellum and pocket when
      cells that had bound lectin on ice were subsequently incubated at physiological
      temperatures. The Fl-s-Con A binding had specificity characteristic of the
      interaction between the lectin and oligosaccharides. These results are consistent
      with the hypothesis that the variant specific surface glycoprotein blocks binding
      of the lectin to surface glycoproteins of bloodstream forms and suggest that
      concanavalin A-binding glycoproteins are abundant in the flagellar pocket of both
      life cycle forms.

PMID- 3397915
TI  - Biogenic amines stimulate regeneration of cilia in Tetrahymena thermophila.
AB  - Serotonin and catecholamines affect the regeneration of cilia in Tetrahymena
      thermophila in a dose-dependent manner: micromolar concentrations are
      stimulatory, whereas millimolar concentrations have little or no effect. This
      conclusion is based on motility measurements in regenerating cells and on ciliary
      counts in scanning electron micrographs. In addition, the recognition mechanism
      for each hormone appears to be specific and independent. Our results suggest an
      evolutionary link with hormonal mechanisms in multicellular eukaryotes.

PMID- 3397916
TI  - Goussia girellae n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Eimeriorina) in the opaleye, Girella
      nigricans.
AB  - Goussia girellae n. sp. is described from the opaleye fish, Girella nigricans.
      Merogonic stages were observed in the apices of intestinal epithelial cells, in
      the lamina propria, and in extra-intestinal sites including liver, gills, and
      spleen. Gamonts were observed in the intestinal epithelial cells. Only
      unsporulated oocysts were detected in the intestine, and sporulation occurred
      when feces containing oocysts were incubated for 48 h in seawater at 21 degrees
      C. Oocysts are elongated (24.8 x 14.7 micron) with a wall about 200 nm thick and
      have no residuum, micropyle, or polar granule. Sporocysts are ellipsoid (8.5 x
      4.5 micron), have a thin two-layered wall approximately 30 nm thick, and consist
      of two valves joined by a suture. Although moribund opaleye were also infected
      with Gyrodactylus sp., Cryptobia sp., Cardicola sp., and epitheliocystis
      organisms (chlamydia), all fish were heavily infected with G. girellae and
      morbidity was thus attributed to the coccidium.

PMID- 3397917
TI  - Fine structure and taxonomic position of the giant amoeboid flagellate Pelomyxa
      palustris.
AB  - Specimens of Pelomyxa palustris from five collecting sites had numerous nonmotile
      flagella. The structures are called flagella because of morphological
      similarities to flagella and because P. palustris has affinities with amoeboid
      flagellates. Flagella were photographed on living cells and studied by
      transmission and scanning electron microscopy. From 64 to 742 flagella per cell
      were estimated from scanning electron microscopy of ten cells 204 to 1269 micron
      in length. The nonmotile flagella arise from basal granules which were, in one
      strain, surrounded by radiating electron-dense microtubules. This strain also had
      excess axonemal microtubules. Abundant cytoplasmic microtubules were arranged in
      several different patterns. In about half of the P. palustris cells in which
      nuclei were studied, microtubules were either apposed to the nuclear membrane in
      a parallel alignment (with some also radiating) or radiating from the nuclear
      membrane (with none parallel). Bacteria associated with nuclei were of three
      characteristic types: Gram-negative rods, Gram-positive rods, and large rods. All
      nuclei within a given trophozoite had similar perinuclear features. Recent
      proposals for separation of Pelomyxa to its own phylum (based on its proposed
      primitive, unique nature) can not be justified. Pelomyxa is a complex, highly
      specialized organism adapted to live in a specific fresh-water environment.
      Mastigamoebid amoeboid flagellates of the genera Mastigamoeba, Mastigella,
      Mastigina, and possibly Dinamoeba are placed with Pelomyxa within the order
      Pelobiontida Page, 1976, emend., containing two families. Pelomyxidae Schulze,
      1877, and Mastigamoebidae Goldschmidt, 1907.

PMID- 3397918
TI  - Stimulus discrimination in the diencephalon of Eigenmannia: the emergence and
      sharpening of a sensory filter.
AB  - Neuronal reliability and sensitivity to behaviorally relevant stimulus patterns
      were investigated in a higher-order nucleus of the diencephalon believed to
      participate in the jamming avoidance response (JAR) of the weakly electric fish,
      Eigenmannia. The fish raises or lowers its frequency of electric organ discharge
      (EOD) to minimize interference from a neighboring fish's EOD. Proper JARs require
      determination of the sign of the difference frequency (Df) between the
      neighboring fish's EOD and the fish's own EOD. Bastian and Yuthas (1984) recently
      described diencephalic neurons within the nucleus electrosensorius that are able
      to make this determination. In the present study, response properties of such
      neurons were compared with those of lower-level 'sign-selective' cells found in
      the torus semicircularis and the optic tectum (Heiligenberg and Rose 1985) as
      well as with properties of the intact behavior. Most sign-selective cells within
      the nucleus electrosensorius show a high degree of selectivity for one sign of
      the difference frequency; cells with either sign preference were found in
      approximately equal numbers. The sign preference and the degree of sign
      selectivity is most often independent of the spatial orientation of the jamming
      stimulus. In contrast, the responses of toral and tectal cells are less robust
      and consistent and are often highly dependent on the geometry of the jamming
      stimulus. Determination of the sign of the difference frequency requires the
      analysis of amplitude modulations coupled with modulations in phase (timing)
      differences between pairs of areas of the body surface. The most sensitive cells
      recorded in the nucleus electrosensorius can determine the sign of the difference
      frequency with timing differences of 1 microsecond or less, roughly comparable to
      the behavioral threshold of 400 ns (Carr et al. 1986). The best toral/tectal
      response required at least a 16 microseconds modulation. Cells within the nucleus
      electrosensorius thus code the sign of Df with a high degree of reliability and
      sensitivity. Ambiguities persist, however, which suggest that single cells at
      this level cannot completely account for the behavioral discrimination.
      Additional processing may be necessary to transform a still primarily sensory
      code into a motor program for control of the JAR (Rose et al. 1988).

PMID- 3397920
TI  - Spectral mechanisms in the tree squirrel retina.
AB  - The retina of the gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) contains rods and cones in
      a ratio of about 2:3. The spectral mechanisms in this retina were examined in
      behavioral and electrophysiological experiments. Tests of color vision revealed
      that this animal has a spectral neutral point at about 500 nm and, thus,
      dichromatic color vision. Recordings made from single optic nerve fibers and
      results obtained from an analysis of the flicker photometric electroretinogram
      (ERG) indicated that vision in the gray squirrel is based on three spectral
      mechanisms. One of these, presumably rod-based, has peak sensitivity at about 502
      nm. The other two mechanisms reflect the presence of two classes of cone having
      average peak sensitivity of about 444 nm and 543 nm.

PMID- 3397919
TI  - 'Recognition units' at the top of a neuronal hierarchy? Prepacemaker neurons in
      Eigenmannia code the sign of frequency differences unambiguously.
AB  - The electric fish, Eigenmannia, is able to discriminate the sign of the frequency
      difference, Df, between a neighbor's electric organ discharges (EODs) and its
      own. The fish lowers its EOD frequency for positive Dfs and raises its frequency
      for negative Dfs to minimize jamming of its electrolocation ability by a
      neighbor's EODs of similar frequency. This jamming avoidance response (JAR) is
      controlled by a group of 'sign-selective' neurons in the prepacemaker nucleus
      (PPN) that is located at the boundary of the midbrain and the diencephalon (Fig.
      1). Extracellular recordings from a total of 35 neurons revealed a great
      similarity between behavioral and neuronal response properties: 1. All neurons
      fired vigorously for negative Dfs and were almost silent for positive Dfs,
      regardless of the orientation of the jamming stimulus, and thus discriminated the
      sign of Df unambiguously (Fig. 2). 2. In accordance with behavioral observations,
      individual neurons failed to discriminate the sign of Df when the jamming
      stimulus had the same field geometry as the signal mimicking the animal's own EOD
      (Fig. 3). 3. Df magnitudes which evoke strongest JARs, usually 4 to 8 Hz, also
      induced most vigorous responses in sign-selective neurons (Fig. 5). 4. Behavioral
      and neuronal thresholds for the detection of small jamming signals were similar.
      Threshold for sign selectivity was reached when the amplitude ratio of the
      jamming signal to the EOD mimic, measured near the head surface, was 0.001. This
      value corresponds to a maximal temporal disparity (a necessary cue for performing
      a correct JAR) of 1 to 2 microseconds for signals received by the two sides of
      the body in a transverse jamming field (Fig. 7). 5. The effects of two jamming
      fields, offered orthogonally to each other, may interact nonlinearly at the
      behavioral as well as at the neuronal level. A positive Df presented in one field
      may suppress behavioral and neuronal responses to modulations of the sign of Df
      in the other field (Fig. 8c).

PMID- 3397921
TI  - The role of afferent activity in behavioral and neuronal plasticity in an insect.
AB  - Cockroaches (Periplaneta americana) have been shown to adapt behaviorally, in
      about 1 month, to ablation of one cercus. Additionally, those giant interneurons
      (GIs) that normally receive their major input from the lesioned cercus become
      more responsive to stimulation of the intact side (Vardi and Camhi 1982a, b). To
      investigate the role of afferent activity in the behavioral and neuronal
      plasticity, we silenced wind-evoked activity in the intact cercus by immobilizing
      the sensory hairs. This was carried out during the last nymphal stage which lasts
      for about one month. The animals were tested behaviorally and physiologically
      after they had molted to adults and a fresh set of mobile hairs had appeared.
      These animals showed no behavioral correction (Fig. 3). The responses of the GIs
      on the ablated side were somewhat enhanced, but they were also significantly
      smaller than those in animals with long-term cercal ablations and no sensory
      deprivation (Fig. 5). A variety of controls (Figs. 8, 9, and 10) were used to
      show that sensory deprivation by itself did not decrease the responsiveness of
      the afferents or the GIs. Thus elimination of wind-evoked activity specifically
      decreases enhancement of the responses in the GIs.

PMID- 3397922
TI  - The acoustic role of tracheal chambers and nasal cavities in the production of
      sonar pulses by the horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus hildebrandti.
AB  - The acoustic role of the enlarged, bony, nasal cavities and rigid tracheal
      chambers in the horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus hildebrandti (Fig. 2) was investigated
      by determining the effect of their selective filling on the nasally emitted sonar
      pulse and on the sound traveling backwards down the trachea. Normal sonar signals
      of this bat contain a long constant frequency component with most energy in the
      second harmonic at about 48 kHz. The fundamental is typically suppressed 20 to 30
      dB below the level of the second harmonic (Fig. 1). None of the experimental
      manipulations described affected the frequency of the sonar signal fundamental.
      Filling the dorsal and both lateral tracheal chambers had little effect on the
      emitted vocalization, but caused the level of the fundamental component in the
      trachea to increase 15 to 19 dB in most bats (Table 2). When only the dorsal
      chamber or only the two lateral chambers were filled, the effect was less
      striking and more variable (Tables 3 and 4), suggesting that the tracheal
      fundamental is normally suppressed by acoustic interaction between these three
      cavities. Filling the enlarged dorsal nasal cavities had no effect on the
      tracheal sound. The effect of this treatment on the nasally emitted sonar pulse
      was inconsistent. Sometimes the fundamental increased 10 to 12 dB, other times
      the intensity of all harmonics decreased; in still other cases the second, third
      or fourth harmonic increased, but the fundamental remained unchanged (Tables 5,
      6, and 7). When bats were forced to vocalize through the mouth, by sealing the
      nostrils, there was a prominent increase in the level of the emitted fundamental
      (10 to 21 dB) and in the fourth harmonic (6 to 17 dB). In one instance there was
      also a significant increase in the level of the third harmonic (Tables 8 and 9).
      The supraglottal tract thus filters the fundamental from the nasally emitted
      sonar signal, although the role of the inflated nasal cavities in this process is
      unclear. We conclude that a high glottal impedance acoustically isolates the
      subglottal from the supraglottal vocal tract. The tracheal chambers do not affect
      the emitted sonar signal, but may attenuate the fundamental in the trachea and
      prevent it from being reflected from the lungs back towards the cochlea. It may
      be important to prevent the reflected fundamental from stimulating the cochlea,
      via tissue conduction, along multiple indirect pathways which would temporally
      smear cochlear stimulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3397923
TI  - Some psychophysics of the pigeon's use of landmarks.
AB  - 1. Three pigeons (Columba livia) were trained to find hidden food in a sunken
      well (3.3 cm in diameter) at a constant place within an (160 cm x 160 cm)
      experimental box (Fig. 1). After learning the location, the animals were tested
      occasionally with the well and food absent. Landmarks in the experimental box
      might be transformed on such tests. 2. Changing the height or width of a nearby
      landmark had no systematic influence on the position of peak search. Translating
      a nearby landmark, however, led to a shift in peak search position. All three
      birds then searched most somewhere between the original goal location, as defined
      by the unmoved landmarks, and the goal location as defined by the shifted
      landmark. Within a limited range of landmark shift, the peak shift as a function
      of landmark shift is linear (Fig. 3). 3. To explain the data (Fig. 7), the pigeon
      records at the location of the goal the algebraic vectors from a number of
      landmarks to the goal. These vectors have both a direction and a distance
      component. When searching for the goal again in the experimental box, it computes
      independently for each landmark a navigation vector. This is arrived at by vector
      adding the algebraic vector from the bird's current position to the landmark in
      question, supplied by perception, to the corresponding landmark-goal vector in
      its record. The pigeon moves in the direction and distance specified by a
      weighted average of the independently calculated navigation vectors. For positive
      vector weights, vector geometry guarantees that the bird would search somewhere
      between the original goal and the goal according to the shifted landmark. The
      extent to which it shifts toward the shifted goal reflects the vector weight
      given to the shifted landmark.

PMID- 3397924
TI  - All quiet on the Southern front. A summary of the conference on Alzheimer's
      disease held at the Royal College of Physicians, London.

PMID- 3397925
TI  - Causes of ill health among a random sample of old and very old people:
      possibilities for prevention.

PMID- 3397926
TI  - A profile of respiratory disease in an African medical ward.

PMID- 3397927
TI  - HIV infection: the Swedish approach. A Medicine-Gilliland Fellowship report.

PMID- 3397928
TI  - Rocking the foundations.

PMID- 3397929
TI  - Time: a biological dimension.

PMID- 3397930
TI  - Weight, composition, mitosis, cell death and content of progesterone and DNA in
      the corpus luteum of pregnancy in the ewe.
AB  - Changes in luteal weight from about Day 20 to near term, and in quantitative
      histology as assessed by ultrastructural morphometry and light microscopic counts
      of mitosis and cell death on Days 30, 60, 100 and 142, were studied in 168
      pregnant ewes. Luteal weight (mean +/- s.d.) remained constant at 0.56 +/- 0.11 g
      until Day 120, and fell thereafter to reach 0.31 +/- 0.11 g after Day 140 (P less
      than 0.01). Up to Day 100, quantitative aspects of the composition of the luteal
      tissue showed no significant change, and values for volume density,
      cytoplasmic:nuclear ratio, cell number/mm3 and cell volume were comparable to
      values previously obtained for corpora lutea (CL) of the cycle. By Day 142
      structural evidence of luteal regression was present, but regressive changes were
      much more marked in some CL than others. Mitosis was seen in a few cells (0.02
      0.04%) on all of the days studied, but never in large luteal cells. Cell death
      was rarely seen up to Day 100, but had increased in incidence by Day 142 (P less
      than 0.01). Luteal progesterone content, 55.2 +/- 15.9 nmol/g on Day 30, was not
      significantly changed on Days 60, 100 or 142. It is concluded that (1) structural
      regression of the CL of pregnancy does not begin until much later than the time
      (about Day 50) when pregnancy ceases to depend on the CL; (2) structural luteal
      regression begins before parturition, but its time of onset and/or rate of
      progression vary widely between animals; and (3) large and small luteal cells
      remain as distinctive populations throughout pregnancy, and their numbers at all
      stages can be accounted for by survival of the cells which differentiate during
      the genesis of the CL.

PMID- 3397931
TI  - Changes in human sperm motion during capacitation in vitro.
AB  - Spermatozoa from 10 fertile donors and from 10 patients with infertile marriages
      were washed and centrifuged (time zero, T0), and incubated in vitro in
      capacitation media for 6 h (T6), or 24 h (T24). At each time individual
      spermatozoa were classified as being morphologically normal or abnormal, and
      their movement characteristics were determined using high-speed videomicrography.
      Zona-free hamster oocytes were added to the T24 sperm suspensions. At all times,
      morphologically normal spermatozoa from donors and patients swam faster and had
      greater rolling frequency, flagellar beat frequency and amplitude than did
      abnormally shaped cells. Morphologically normal spermatozoa from donors exhibited
      a significant change in their movement pattern at T6. This change, which
      resembles hyperactivation in other species, was characterized by higher values of
      amplitude of lateral head displacement, and lower values of linearity, beat
      frequency and flagellar curvature ratio. In contrast, normal spermatozoa from
      patients showed only a decrease in straight line velocity at T6, with no other
      significant changes in movement characteristics. No changes in sperm movement
      could be demonstrated for the abnormal cells in either group of subjects. In
      sperm suspensions from donors and patients examined at T24, sperm vigour declined
      regardless of the morphological type. Spermatozoa from all 10 donors were able to
      penetrate the zona-free hamster oocytes, but spermatozoa from 5 of the 10
      patients failed to penetrate oocytes. Correlations between hamster oocyte
      penetration and indicators of sperm vigour were demonstrated only for spermatozoa
      of patients.

PMID- 3397932
TI  - Ovarian steroid hormone involvement in endogenous opioid modulation of LH
      secretion in mature ewes during the breeding and non-breeding seasons.
AB  - The opioid antagonist WIN-44441-3 (WIN-3, Sterling-Winthrop) caused significant
      increases in LH secretion in ovariectomized ewes treated with progesterone but
      not in ovariectomized animals treated with oestradiol-17 beta. In the non
      breeding season, plasma LH concentrations in ovariectomized ewes without steroid
      therapy, given oestradiol-17 beta or oestradiol-17 beta and progesterone together
      were not affected by treatment with WIN-3 on Day 6 after ovariectomy (there was a
      significant increase in LH as a result of WIN-3 treatment 13 days after
      ovariectomy in sheep given no steroid therapy). However, WIN-3 treatment of
      ovariectomized sheep given progesterone resulted in a significant increase in
      plasma LH. WIN-3 was ineffective when given to intact ewes treated with
      progesterone during the non-breeding season. With ovariectomized sheep during the
      breeding season there was again no response to WIN-3 at 6 days after ovariectomy
      in sheep given oestradiol-17 beta, but significant LH elevations in animals given
      no steroid, those given progesterone and those given progesterone + oestradiol-17
      beta. The lack of an LH response to WIN-3 in ovariectomized sheep treated with
      oestradiol-17 beta did not result from a reduced pituitary response to GnRH since
      such animals responded normally to exogenous GnRH treatment. Overall, these
      results are consistent with the idea that, irrespective of the time of year,
      progesterone exerts negative feedback upon LH release at least in part through an
      opioidergic mechanism, whereas oestradiol-17 beta exerts negative feedback
      through steps unlikely to involve opioids. Progesterone can override the effect
      of oestradiol-17 beta during the breeding season only. Further, there appears to
      be a steroid-independent opioid involvement in LH suppression, operating at both
      times of year.

PMID- 3397933
TI  - The milk oligosaccharide, lacto-N-fucopentaose I, inhibits attachment of mouse
      blastocysts on endometrial monolayers.
AB  - Seven oligosaccharides isolated from human milk were tested for their effect in
      an in-vitro model of mouse blastocyst adhesion and trophoblast outgrowth on
      endometrial epithelial monolayers. One compound, lacto-N-fucopentaose I (LNF I),
      produced a significant reduction in the percentage of attached and outgrown
      blastocysts after co-culture for 72 h (P less than 0.001). No significant effect
      of any other tested oligosaccharide was obtained.

PMID- 3397934
TI  - Effects of seminal vesicle fluid components on sperm motility in the house mouse.
AB  - Fluid obtained by stripping dissected seminal vesicles was mixed with phosphate
      buffered saline and the soluble proteins were separated by gel filtration on
      BioRad P150 into 4 fractions. Fractions were collected and concentrated using an
      Amicon ultrafiltration system using YM2 membranes with a molecular weight cut-off
      of 1000. Epididymal sperm suspensions were incubated in medium containing one of
      the 4 fractions or 1 mg BSA/ml, or no added protein. After incubation for 2 h the
      motility of the spermatozoa in each suspension was assessed by a
      videomicrographic procedure. Two aspects of motility, velocity and the shape of
      the swimming path, were monitored. The results indicate that the seminal vesicles
      produce at least three factors that influence sperm motility. Fraction 3 (Mr
      12,000-24,000) was detrimental to motility; after incubation for 2 h almost all
      the spermatozoa were immotile. Fractions 2 (Mr 25,000-40,000) and 4 (Mr 7000
      12,000) both influenced the shape of the swimming path: spermatozoa incubated in
      Fraction 2 had straighter trajectories while those incubated in Fraction 4 showed
      more progressive paths with less side-to-side movement of the head about the
      path. These effects of factors from the seminal vesicle fluid on sperm motility
      may influence the way in which the spermatozoa move in the female reproductive
      tract and could help to explain why removal of the seminal vesicles reduces
      fertility in the mouse.

PMID- 3397935
TI  - Ornithine decarboxylase activity as a marker of androgen and antiandrogen action
      in the rat epididymis.
AB  - After castration, there was a marked decrease in serum androgen concentration at
      6 h, and a dramatic inhibition of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) at 12 h.
      Administration of testosterone propionate to castrated rats at a dose of 0.05
      mg/animal restored ODC activity to the normal value. However, no change was
      observed when intact rats were treated with testosterone even at a 40-fold higher
      dose, indicating that endogenous androgens present in intact rats are far in
      excess for maintenance of maximal levels of activity. Administration of the
      antiandrogen flutamide to intact rats caused a moderate decrease in epididymal
      weight, whereas this effect was more pronounced in castrated, androgen-treated
      rats. In the latter, the effect of flutamide was significant at the lowest dose
      used (0.5 mg/day). ODC activity was significantly decreased by flutamide
      treatment of intact rats, but even at the highest dose used (10 mg/day) only a
      39% inhibition was observed. In flutamide-treated rats, LH concentrations were
      markedly increased, as were serum and epididymal androgens. In androgen-treated
      castrated rats, flutamide caused epididymal ODC to fall to undetectable values.
      These results show that: (1) androgens are essential for the maintenance of ODC
      activity in the epididymis; (2) epididymal ODC activity is maximally stimulated
      by endogenous androgens, at least in the pubertal rat; (3) the apparent potency
      of flutamide is substantially lowered by an increase in epididymal androgens. We
      suggest that ODC is a sensitive marker of the action of androgens and
      antiandrogens in the epididymis.

PMID- 3397936
TI  - Effects of corpus luteum removal on progesterone, estradiol-17 beta and LH in
      early pregnancy of the tammar wallaby, Macropus eugenii.
AB  - The quiescent corpus luteum of female tammars was reactivated by removal of the
      pouch young (RPY). The reactivated corpus luteum was ablated 3 days after RPY.
      Plasma progesterone and oestradiol concentrations were measured by
      radioimmunoassay in these and in sham-operated controls. Excision of the CL
      abolished the rise in progesterone seen at Day 5-6 in the sham-operated animals
      (130.7 +/- 56.6 vs 452.4 +/- 176.0 pg/ml, mean +/- s.d.). By contrast, oestradiol
      17 beta values increased within 6-16 h of CL excision to 16.3 +/- 6.9 pg/ml and
      remained high for 1-3 days while in the sham-operated animals there were less
      sustained and more variable peaks of 10-20 pg/ml between Days 3 and 5 (mean 12.0
      +/- 3.6 pg/ml at Day 4-5). We conclude that the early transient increase in
      peripheral plasma of progesterone is of luteal origin but the source of the
      oestradiol remains unknown.

PMID- 3397937
TI  - Influence of progesterone and oestradiol-17 beta on blastocysts of the tammar
      wallaby (Macropus eugenii) during seasonal diapause.
AB  - Forty tammar wallabies, presumed to be carrying quiescent blastocysts, were
      injected with progesterone and oestradiol alone, or in combination, during
      seasonal quiescence when the corpus luteum is inactive. Plasma progesterone
      concentrations were increased to values equivalent to those of late pregnancy for
      the duration of the treatment in progesterone-treated groups but otherwise
      remained at values equivalent to seasonal quiescence. Tammars treated with low
      doses of oestradiol showed no measurable increase in plasma oestradiol
      concentrations but in those treated with high doses plasma concentrations were
      increased to oestrous levels. At autopsy on Day 18 after the start of treatment
      the embryos and reproductive tracts were assessed. While progesterone alone
      caused reactivation of about 50% of the embryos, blastocysts in tammars treated
      with oestradiol alone remained in diapause (low dose) or disappeared from the
      uterus (high dose): 2 blastocysts collapsed after some slight expansion. No
      synergistic effect on pregnancy was noted in tammars receiving both oestradiol
      and progesterone. We conclude that oestrogen alone is not capable of stimulating
      normal growth of blastocysts, and its role during early pregnancy in tammars
      remains unclear.

PMID- 3397938
TI  - Temporal variation in LH and testosterone responses of rams after the
      introduction of oestrous females during the breeding season.
AB  - The response of sexually experienced Ile-de-France rams to the presentation of
      oestrous females in October at sunrise (Subgroup S) or at 11:00 h (Subgroup N)
      was studied and compared with unstimulated controls (Subgroup C). Animals (12 per
      group) were bled for 7 h at 20-min intervals, starting 3 h before stimulation by
      oestrous females (3 per group). Eight rams from Subgroup S showed an increase of
      LH pulse frequency and only 3 in Subgroup N (P less than 0.03). In Subgroup S the
      introduction of females led to 2- and 3-fold increases in LH pulse frequency
      during the stimulation period compared with values in Subgroup C or before the
      stimulation period (3, 1.6 and 1 peaks/rams/6 h respectively; P less than 0.05).
      The presence of females also led to an increase in mean testosterone
      concentrations, and small increases in basal and mean LH values. No differences
      were found in LH peak amplitudes. In Subgroup N only inconsistent evidence of
      increases in mean LH and testosterone values was found. No differences between
      Subgroups S and N in behavioural patterns during stimulation were detected. We
      conclude that the presence of females affects LH pulse frequency at sunrise but
      not at noon during the breeding season and this effect is at least partly
      independent of sexual behaviour. These results suggest a possible circadian
      variation in CNS sensitivity involving the hypothalamic regulation of LH
      secretion in response to the presence of oestrous females.

PMID- 3397940
TI  - Effect of neonatal exposure to the antioestrogens nafoxidine and CI-628 upon the
      development of the uterus in the prepubertal rat.
AB  - Neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with the antioestrogens nafoxidine or
      CI-628 on Day 3 of life alone or in combination with oestradiol benzoate 24 h
      later. Oestrogen-stimulated glucose oxidation and cytoplasmic oestrogen binding
      sites of the uteri were assessed at 21-23 days of age. Neither antioestrogen
      antagonized the prepubertal uterine impairments produced by neonatal oestradiol
      treatment. Both antioestrogens administered alone produced deficits which
      mimicked those produced by neonatal oestrogenization. However, the agonist
      property of each antioestrogen was differentially expressed: treatment with CI
      628 reduced prepubertal oestrogen binding sites in the uterus, but nafoxidine
      exposure decreased the sensitivity of the uterus to oestradiol stimulation of
      glucose oxidation. It is postulated that CI-628 directly affects the uterus to
      reduce production of oestrogen receptor protein, while nafoxidine affects the
      development of the uterine phosphogluconate oxidative pathway indirectly through
      impaired ovarian function. However, antioestrogens blocked the neonatal
      oestradiol-induced reduction in the oestrogen-stimulated production of actomyosin
      in the adult uterus. Therefore, while both CI-628 and nafoxidine are clearly
      agonists in the neonatal rat, each appears to exhibit cell-specific agonist and
      antagonist properties.

PMID- 3397939
TI  - Pregnancy-specific protein B, progesterone concentrations and embryonic mortality
      during early pregnancy in dairy cows.
AB  - Pregnancy-specific protein B (PSPB) and progesterone concentrations were
      determined by RIAs in venous plasma during early pregnancy after 177 artificial
      inseminations (AI) performed in 76 cows and 71 heifers. The females were bled at
      24, 26, 30-35 days and approximately 70 days (for non-returns to oestrus) after
      AI. In non-pregnant females without extended CL maintenance (progesterone less
      than 1.5 ng/ml on Day 24) and or showing a normal time of return to oestrus
      (Group 1, N = 63), PSPB concentrations were undetectable whatever the stage after
      AI except in 2 cows. In pregnant animals (N = 83; Group 2) progesterone
      concentrations were greater than 10 ng/ml from Day 24 to the time of rectal
      palpation and PSPB concentrations rose continuously from 0.42 +/- 0.07 (s.e.m.)
      ng/ml (Day 24) to 4.06 +/- 0.3 ng/ml (time of rectal palpation). No coefficient
      of correlation between PSPB and progesterone concentrations was significant
      whatever the day of gestation studied. In cows with extended luteal function and
      subsequently found to be non-pregnant (late embryonic mortality) PSPB was
      undetectable (N = 21; Group 3) or detectable (N = 10; Group 4) at Days 24, 26
      and/or 30-35 of pregnancy. At 24 and 26 days after AI progesterone concentrations
      were intermediate between those of Groups 1 and 2. At Day 24 females of Group 4
      had higher progesterone concentrations than those of Group 3 (P less than 0.05),
      but no differences between these two groups existed at subsequent stages after
      AI.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3397941
TI  - Effect of variation in embryo stage on the establishment of pregnancy, and embryo
      survival and growth in ewes with two embryos.
AB  - Embryos at different stages of development were transferred to recipient ewes on
      Day 6 to investigate the effect of variation in stage of development on embryo
      survival and growth. Three groups of ewes received 2 embryos that were at the
      same stage of development, Day 4, Day 6 or Day 8. A fourth group received 1 Day-4
      and 1 Day-8 embryo. At autopsy on recipient Day 34 there were no significant
      differences in embryo survival (Day 4, 34%; Day 6, 50%; Day 8, 46%; and Day 4 and
      8, 48%). Fetuses developing from Day-8 embryos were heavier than others (Day 4,
      1.10 +/- 0.06 g; Day 6, 1.15 +/- 0.06 g; Day 8, 1.41 +/- 0.08 g; P less than
      0.05). In Group 4 neither survival nor growth of embryos was significantly
      affected by the presence of an embryo at a different stage of development. The
      ability of the uterus to stimulate development of a relatively retarded embryo is
      confirmed. Apparently the uterus has less effect in slowing the development of
      advanced embryos.

PMID- 3397942
TI  - Lack of effect of melatonin on sexual maturation in female rats.
AB  - Daily subcutaneous injections of 100 micrograms melatonin given to prepubertal
      female rats housed in 14L:10D or 12L:12D failed to delay puberty as evidenced by
      the age at which vaginal opening occurred; neither the Sprague-Dawley nor the
      Wistar strain rats were responsive to melatonin treatment. Reproductive organ
      weights (ovaries and uteri) at vaginal opening were unaffected by such treatment.
      Administration of melatonin through the drinking water in doses of 100, 500 or
      1000 micrograms/day did not alter the timing of puberty or the reproductive organ
      weights in rats of the Sprague-Dawley or Long-Evans strains (housed in 12L:12D).
      Our experimental methods are identical to a previous report and we have no
      explanation for our failure to reproduce the earlier results.

PMID- 3397943
TI  - Effect of continuous infusion of oxytocin on length of the oestrous cycle and
      luteolysis in cattle.
AB  - In Exp. I oxytocin (60 micrograms/100 kg/day) was infused into the jugular vein
      of 3 heifers on Days 14-22, 15-18 and 16-19 of the oestrous cycle respectively.
      In Exp. II 5 heifers were infused with 12 micrograms oxytocin/100 kg/day from Day
      15 of the oestrous cycle until clear signs of oestrus. Blood samples were taken
      from the contralateral jugular vein at 2-h intervals from the start of the
      infusion. The oestrous cycle before and after treatment served as the controls
      for each animal. Blood samples were taken less frequently during the control
      cycles. In Exp. III 3 heifers were infused with 12 micrograms oxytocin/100 kg/day
      for 50 h before expected oestrus and slaughtered 30-40 min after the end of
      infusion for determination of oxytocin receptor amounts in the endometrium. Three
      other heifers slaughtered at the same days of the cycle served as controls.
      Peripheral concentrations of oxytocin during infusion ranged between 155 and 641
      pg/ml in Exp. I and 18 and 25 pg/ml in Exp. II. In 4 our of 8 heifers of Exps I
      and II, one high pulse of 15-keto-13,14-dihydro-prostaglandin F-2 alpha (PGFM)
      appeared soon after the start of oxytocin infusion followed by some irregular
      pulses. The first PGFM pulse was accompanied by a transient (10-14 h) decrease of
      blood progesterone concentration. High regular pulses of PGFM in all heifers
      examined were measured between Days 17 and 19 during spontaneous luteolysis. No
      change in length of the oestrous cycle or secretion patterns of progesterone,
      PGFM and LH was observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3397944
TI  - Effects of naloxone or transient weaning on secretion of LH and prolactin in
      lactating sows.
AB  - Sows (N = 16) were infused intravenously for 8 h with saline or naloxone (200
      mg/h) or their litters were transiently weaned for 8 h. Before infusion, 200 mg
      naloxone were administered to elevate quickly concentrations of naloxone. Blood
      samples were collected from sows at 15 min intervals for 24 h, beginning 8 h
      before and continuing until 8 h after imposition of treatments during the middle
      8-h segment. Frequency of episodic release of LH and concentrations of prolactin
      were similar before, during and after infusion of saline. Average concentration
      of LH was greater during the last than during the middle 8-h segment when sows
      were given saline. Frequency of episodic release of LH increased and
      concentrations of prolactin decreased during infusion of naloxone or transient
      weaning; however, average concentration of LH increased during transient weaning,
      but not during infusion of naloxone. After transient weaning or infusion of
      naloxone, frequency of release of LH decreased, returning to pretreatment values
      in sows infused with naloxone but remaining above pretreatment values in sows
      subjected to transient weaning. At the resumption of suckling by litters in sows
      subjected to transient weaning, prolactin increased to levels not different from
      those observed during the 8-h pretreatment segment. Prolactin did not increase
      until 4-5 h after cessation of naloxone infusion. We conclude that continuous
      infusion of naloxone altered secretory patterns of LH and prolactin. Collectively
      these results provide evidence that the immediate effects of weaning on LH and
      prolactin in sows are mediated in part through a mechanism involving endogenous
      opioid peptides.

PMID- 3397945
TI  - Flow and composition of lymph from the ovary and uterus of cows during pregnancy.
AB  - Ovarian or uterine lymph was collected continuously for periods of up to 25 days
      from 16 cows cannulated at stages of pregnancy ranging from 96 to 278 days post
      coitum. Blood samples were taken acutely from the ovarian and uterine veins
      during surgery and periodically from the jugular vein during the course of lymph
      collection. The flow rate and cell content of lymph was measured and blood and
      lymph plasma samples were analysed for progesterone, pregnenolone, pregnenolone
      sulphate, androstenedione, testosterone, oestrone, oestrone sulphate, oestradiol
      17 beta, prostaglandin (PG) F-2 alpha, total protein and albumin. There was a
      high flow rate of protein-rich lymph from luteal ovaries with rates up to 101.7
      ml/h occurring in individual lymphatics over short periods. Peripheral ovarian
      and uterine lymph contained a low concentration of cells (mean less than 10(5)
      cells/ml) comprising about 82-87% lymphocytes, 11-14% macrophages and monocytes
      and 2-4% other cells. At all stages of pregnancy, the concentration of
      progestagens and androgens was higher in ovarian lymph than in uterine lymph or
      blood plasma. The differences were greatest for progesterone and androstenedione
      which occurred at 200-fold and 60-fold greater concentration respectively in
      ovarian lymph than in jugular plasma. When serial 10 min samples were collected
      over a 12-h period, the concentration and output of progesterone in ovarian lymph
      varied in a phasic manner, ranging from 3.5 to 7.6 microM and from 31.7 to 293.1
      nmol/h respectively. There was a positive correlation between the output of
      progesterone in lymph and the progesterone concentration in jugular blood samples
      taken every 20 min. During most of pregnancy there was little difference between
      the concentration of oestrogens in ovarian lymph, ovarian venous plasma and
      jugular plasma but, during the 3-5 days before calving, these hormones occurred
      at slightly higher concentration in ovarian lymph. Apart from pregnenolone and
      androstenedione, all steroids occurred at lower concentrations in uterine lymph
      than in jugular plasma. Shortly before parturition there was an abrupt increase
      in the concentration of PGF-2 alpha in uterine lymph. Lymph reflects more
      accurately the milieu of tissue cells than efferent blood and further analysis of
      differences in the concentration of substances in lymph relative to the output in
      the ovarian and uterine arterial and venous blood may lead to the identification
      of factors important in local regulatory mechanisms in the reproductive tract.

PMID- 3397946
TI  - Implantation-induced changes in uterine arylamidase localization in the rabbit,
      rat, hamster and guinea-pig.
AB  - Localization of uterine arylamidase activity varied between species: arylamidase
      was found primarily in the apical aspect of uterine epithelial cells in the
      rabbit, hamster and non-pregnant rat; only moderate staining was observed in
      these animals in the endometrial stroma. By contrast, arylamidase localization
      was primarily stromal in the guinea-pig at all stages studied while the luminal
      epithelium was devoid of reactivity. In all species, uterine enzyme activity
      increased before implantation but decreased in the vicinity of the blastocyst
      once implantation had begun. A generalized increase over the entire length of the
      uterus was seen during the preimplantation phase in the uterine epithelium of the
      rabbit and in the endometrial stroma of the guinea-pig. Increase in stromal
      activity appeared to indicate predecidual transformations which were embryo
      dependent (i.e. localized to the implantation site) in the rat, or embryo
      independent (i.e. occurring throughout the uterus) in the guinea-pig. A
      subsequent decrease in enzyme activity occurred in the vicinity of the implanting
      embryo irrespective of the cell type involved (epithelium in the rabbit,
      stroma/decidua in the rat and guinea-pig). Since arylamidases of the type studied
      here are integrated membrane proteins, the uniformity of changes observed in
      different species may reflect profound changes in membrane properties of
      endometrial cells as an element of the implantation reaction.

PMID- 3397947
TI  - Testis size and onset of spermatogenesis in Cape mountain zebras (Equus zebra
      zebra).
AB  - Testis mass of adult Cape mountain zebra stallions (mean 70.0 g) was appreciably
      less than that of other zebra species and domestic horses. The histological
      appearance of the testes of 11-, 24- and 29-month-old colts was typically
      prepubertal. Spermatogenic activity of a 4-year-old stallion obtained at the end
      of summer was at a very low level, while a 4.5-year-old stallion obtained 6 weeks
      after the winter solstice showed a marked increase in spermatogenesis compared
      with the 4-year-old. Stallions 6.5-19 years of age collected in different seasons
      all showed active spermatogenesis.

PMID- 3397948
TI  - The head shapes of some mammalian spermatozoa and their possible relationship to
      the shape of the penetration slit through the zona pellucida.
AB  - A method has been developed for establishing from electron micrographs the radius
      of curvature of rabbit and guinea-pig sperm nuclei in head-to-tail section (the
      major axis), and of guinea-pig spermatozoa with intact acrosomes in transverse
      section (the minor axis). Radii of curvature of head-to-tail sections lie, for
      the most part, between 7 and 100 microns in both species. Guinea-pig sperm nuclei
      in transverse section show a range of radii between 3 and 10 microns, and
      approximate, therefore, caps of prolate spheroids. The method is not applicable
      to rat and mouse spermatozoa but Nomarski light microscopy suggests that these
      nuclei are straight in the longitudinal direction. The distribution of the radii
      of curvature in rabbit sperm nuclei is similar to that of the radii of curvature
      of penetration slits through the zona pellucida of the rabbit egg. It is
      suggested that longitudinal curvature of sperm heads is correlated with any
      curvature of the penetration slit.

PMID- 3397949
TI  - Reactivation of the quiescent corpus luteum and diapausing embryo after temporary
      removal of the sucking stimulus in the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii).
AB  - Pouch young of wallabies presumed to be carrying diapausing blastocysts were
      removed from the teat for times varying between 24 and 96 h and then returned to
      the same teat. The mothers were monitored for termination of diapause and checked
      for births or oestrus. In this way we were able to determine the critical time
      required to reactivate the quiescent corpus luteum and diapausing blastocyst
      after withdrawal of the sucking stimulus. When pouch young were removed from the
      teat for 76-96 h the corpus luteum and blastocyst were reactivated, with birth
      and/or oestrus occurring in 10/11 animals. When pouch young were removed for 72 h
      or less (n = 22) reactivation did not take place. We conclude that it takes
      longer than 72 h for the maternal endocrine system to become committed to
      reactivation. The precise sequence of endocrine events which precede blastocyst
      reactivation still remains to be determined.

PMID- 3397950
TI  - Effects of stock differences in the acceleration of puberty in female mice.
AB  - Newly born TO strain female mice were exposed daily to the urine from male albino
      mice of the same and CFLP strains, from feral mice carrying Robertsonian
      translocation chromosomes and to water as a control condition. At 21 days of age,
      when exposure was discontinued, there were differences in body weight between
      treatments which were not present when adult. Exposure to urine from mice with
      Robertsonian translocations did not accelerate puberty and the interval between
      vaginal opening and first oestrus was longer (4.2 days) than in mice exposed to
      the urine from the albino strains (1.8 days). Mice exposed to the urine from the
      Robertsonian stock were in dioestrus more often than those exposed to the urine
      from laboratory strains. The Robertsonian mice also differed in their behaviour
      in an open arena in that they passed fewer faecal pellets than those exposed to
      the urine from the albino mice. The water control mice defecated the least
      frequently. The mice exposed to the Robertsonian urine were less active than the
      laboratory strains but the differences did not reach an acceptable level (P less
      than 0.06) of significance.

PMID- 3397952
TI  - Long-term effects of accelerated or delayed sexual maturation on reproductive
      output in wild female house mice (Mus musculus).
AB  - The effects of acceleration and delay of puberty in female house mice on survival
      and reproduction were tested using 6 experimental groups: (1) control females
      mated at the time of first oestrus, (2) females mated at weaning, (3) females
      treated with male urine starting at weaning and mated at first oestrus, (4)
      females housed in groups and mated at first oestrus, (5) females housed alone,
      treated with urine from grouped females and mated at first oestrus, and (6)
      females housed alone and mated at 68 days of age. Females caged with males at
      weaning or treated with male urine and mated at puberty had lower rates of
      survival to 180 days of age, but did not differ in rates of fertility from mice
      in the other four treatments. Those females that were housed with males from
      weaning or treated with male urine also had smaller total numbers of litters,
      fewer total young, and smaller average litter sizes than did females for which
      the age of mating was delayed, by grouping or treatment with urine from grouped
      females, or by being held until age 68 days before mating. Control females mated
      at first oestrus generally were intermediate or did not differ from the male
      treatments on these dependent variables. There were no differences in the average
      number of female young/litter across the 6 treatments. However, females that were
      delayed in age of first mating had significantly more male young/litter than did
      females that were accelerated in their sexual development or control
      females.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3397951
TI  - Effects of adrenalectomy on photoperiod-induced changes in release of luteinizing
      hormone and prolactin in ovariectomized ewes.
AB  - Finnish Landrace x Southdown ewes were ovariectomized (OVX) and subjected to
      daily photoperiods of 16L:8D (Group I) or 8L:16D (Group II) for 84 days. Ewes
      were then either adrenalectomized (ADX) (N = 5 for Group I; N = 4 for Group II)
      or sham ADX (N = 6 for Groups I + II). After surgery, ewes in Group I were
      subjected to 8L:16D for 91 days and 16L:8D for 91 days whereas ewes in Group II
      were exposed to 16L:8D for 91 days and 8L:16D for 91 days. Oestradiol implants
      were inserted into all ewes on Day 148. Sequential blood samples were taken at
      28, 56, 91, 119, 147 and 168 days after surgery to determine secretory profiles
      of LH and prolactin. Photoperiod did not influence LH release in Group I in the
      absence of oestradiol. Although photoperiod influenced frequency and amplitude of
      LH pulses in Group II before oestradiol treatment, adrenalectomy did not prevent
      these changes in patterns of LH release. However, in Group II the increase in LH
      pulse amplitude during exposure to long days was greater (P less than 0.01) in
      adrenalectomized ewes than in sham-operated ewes. Mean concentrations of LH
      increased in ADX ewes on Days 91 (P = 0.07) and 119 (P less than 0.05).
      Adrenalectomy failed to influence photoperiod-induced changes in mean
      concentrations of LH, amplitude of LH pulses and frequency of LH pulses in the
      presence of oestradiol. Concentrations of prolactin were influenced by
      photoperiod. In Groups I and II concentrations of prolactin increased (P less
      than 0.01) after adrenalectomy, but the magnitude of this effect decreased over
      time.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3397954
TI  - Serum concentrations of prolactin, oestrogen and LH during the perioestrous
      period in prepubertal gilts induced to ovulate and mature gilts.
AB  - The temporal relationships of serum prolactin, oestrogen and LH concentrations
      during the perioestrous period were compared in prepubertal gilts induced to
      ovulate by PMSG and hCG and in mature gilts. In Exp. 1, 2 sustained prolactin
      surges, beginning 4 days and 1 day before the preovulatory LH surge, occurred in
      all mature gilts. A single preovulatory prolactin surge occurred in 3 prepubertal
      gilts, starting just before the preovulatory LH surge, but 4 prepubertal gilts
      had neither a prolactin nor an LH surge. A status (prepubertal or mature) versus
      time interaction (P less than 0.01) was detected for serum prolactin
      concentrations. A preovulatory oestrogen surge occurred in all gilts but was of
      lesser magnitude (P less than 0.01) and duration (P less than 0.05) in the
      prepubertal gilts without prolactin and LH surges compared to mature gilts and of
      lesser magnitude (P less than 0.01) compared to prepubertal gilts with prolactin
      and LH surges. The relative timing of the oestrogen surge in prepubertal gilts
      corresponded with that of mature gilts when adjusted to the LH surge (if present)
      but was delayed (P less than 0.01) in all prepubertal gilts if standardized to
      the hCG injection. In Exp. 2, mature gilts were examined to determine whether 2
      perioestrous prolactin surges were characteristic of all cycling gilts. Of 9
      gilts, 8 exhibited an initial prolactin surge 4-5 days before oestrus and 5/9
      gilts exhibited a periovulatory prolactin surge. The presence of 2 perioestrous
      serum prolactin surges was not a requirement for subsequent pregnancy
      maintenance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3397953
TI  - Loss of polar trophoblast during differentiation of the blastocyst of the horse.
AB  - Twelve blastocysts, collected 7-12 days after ovulation (Day 0), were examined by
      light and electron microscopy to investigate the nature of the relationship of
      the polar trophoblast (Rauber's layer) to the inner cell mass. On Day 7, the
      polar trophoblast was intact and formed a flattened layer overlying the epiblast
      cells of the inner cell mass. As blastocysts enlarged to greater than 1 mm in
      diameter, small discontinuities appeared in the polar trophoblast, where epiblast
      cells intruded onto the surface. At this time, trophoblast cells adhered closely
      to adjacent and underlying epiblast cells, forming an irregular layer of cells
      capping the epiblast. With continued increase in blastocyst size, polar
      trophoblast cells became isolated but maintained their characteristic apical
      endocytic structures. By Days 10-12, the scattered trophoblast cells showed
      evidence of deterioration, and vacuoles containing cell debris were common within
      the epiblast. It is suggested that polar trophoblast cells become scattered,
      rather than withdrawing as a unit, because they become more adherent to subjacent
      epiblast cells than to adjacent trophoblast cells. It is further suggested that
      most of the isolated cells are eventually phagocytosed by epiblast cells.

PMID- 3397955
TI  - Use of a single-injection tissue-sampling technique to study steroid uptake by
      the decidualized endometrium of the mouse.
AB  - A tissue-sampling paired-tracer method was used to investigate the effect of
      plasma proteins on uptake by the decidualized endometrium of [3H]progesterone,
      [3H]oestradiol and [3H]corticosterone. When injected arterially in protein-free
      Ringer, the extraction of progesterone and oestradiol was 100%, while that of
      corticosterone was only 60%. The addition of 4% albumin or injection in mouse
      plasma resulted in significant decreases in progesterone extraction to about 80%
      and 65% respectively. Injection in pregnant guinea-pig plasma reduced
      progesterone extraction further (to 33%). While neither 4% albumin nor mouse
      plasma had any significant effect on the uptake of oestradiol, neonatal rat
      plasma reduced oestradiol extraction to 40%. These results are consistent with
      high-affinity binding proteins having a limiting effect on the availability of
      steroids to target tissues.

PMID- 3397956
TI  - Zona pellucida resistance to sperm penetration before the completion of human
      oocyte maturation.
AB  - Human oocytes exposed to capacitated spermatozoa in vitro when at metaphase of
      the 1st meiotic division (metaphase I) were not penetrated, even though some
      subsequently progressed to metaphase of the 2nd meiotic division (metaphase II).
      When the non-penetrated oocytes that had reached metaphase II during the
      incubation with spermatozoa were freed from the zona pellucida and reinseminated,
      two or more pronuclei developed in most of them. By contrast, no penetration was
      observed when the oocytes were reinseminated in the zona-intact state. When
      compared with metaphase II oocytes, metaphase I oocytes had a similar zona
      binding capacity for spermatozoa, but fewer spermatozoa were found within the
      zona. These results indicate that the zona pellucida of human oocytes undergoes
      important maturational changes during the transition from metaphase I to
      metaphase II. Ultrastructural and previous histochemical findings suggest that
      these changes involve secretions from both the oocyte and cumulus cells and that
      the increased zona resistance at metaphase I may be due to relative insufficiency
      of cumulus cell-secreted 'softening' factors. If the integrity of the cumulus
      oophorus is disturbed at this stage, this condition becomes irreversible.

PMID- 3397957
TI  - Secretion of angiogenic activity by placental tissues of cows at several stages
      of gestation.
AB  - Samples of maternal and fetal placental tissues were obtained from cows on Days
      100 (N = 4), 150 (N = 5), 200 (N = 6) and 250 (N = 6) of gestation and incubated
      for 24 h. Conditioned media from caruncular explants were mitogenic for bovine
      aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) on all days of gestation. Media from
      intercaruncular endometrium were stimulatory for proliferation of BAEC on Day 100
      but inhibitory on Days 150, 200 and 250. Media from cotyledonary and
      intercotyledonary tissues inhibited proliferation of BAEC on all days. Caruncular
      conditioned media stimulated migration of BAEC on Days 150, 200 and 250.
      Cotyledonary-conditioned media inhibited migration of BAEC on all days. Effects
      of media from intercaruncular and intercotyledonary tissues on migration of BAEC
      varied with stage of gestation. Angiogenic activity of media from caruncular (all
      stages) and intercaruncular (Day 100) tissues appeared to have an Mr greater than
      100,000. In cows, therefore, the maternal placentome (caruncle) appears to be the
      primary source of placental angiogenic activity throughout gestation. The fetal
      placentome (cotyledon) secretes activity which inhibits two major components of
      angiogenesis (proliferation and migration of endothelial cells) throughout
      gestation. Intercaruncular and intercotyledonary tissues may modulate placental
      angiogenesis throughout gestation. Placental vascular development in the cow is
      therefore probably controlled by an interaction between stimulatory and
      inhibitory factors produced by the placenta itself.

PMID- 3397958
TI  - Plasma progesterone concentrations in female little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus)
      during hibernation.
AB  - Monthly collections of hibernating little brown bats contained (1) nulliparous
      females with small uteri and no antral follicles, (2) nulliparous females with
      swollen uteri and mature follicles, and (3) parous females, which, despite
      obvious differences in reproductive status, had equivalent plasma progesterone
      values. During the principal study season, mean monthly progesterone
      concentrations (measured by radioimmunoassay) showed recurrent increases with an
      apparent periodicity of about 60 days, but limited data obtained in the
      subsequent season did not. However, comparison of activity patterns in the two
      seasons with monthly progesterone concentrations suggests that ovarian activity
      during hibernation is affected by variations in metabolic level. We saw no
      evidence that nulliparous bats with small uteri developed antral follicles during
      hibernation. Despite their apparent immaturity, however, they had cornified
      vaginae and most were demonstrably inseminated. These indications of oestrus and
      the lack of differences between their plasma progesterone concentrations and
      those of patently mature females suggest that they were physiologically post
      pubertal but failed to complete folliculogenesis before entering hibernation.

PMID- 3397960
TI  - Restoration by xanthine of development of mouse embryos inhibited by mycophenolic
      acid.
AB  - Mouse embryos at the 1-cell stage were cultured in various concentrations of
      mycophenolic acid and xanthine. Mycophenolic acid at 10 and 2.5 micrograms/ml
      completely inhibited development to the morula and blastocyst stages,
      respectively. The addition of xanthine reversed the inhibitory effects of
      mycophenolic acid on the embryos but the reversal effect depended on the
      concentration of xanthine. Development was normal with a xanthine concentration
      of 25 micrograms/ml, even when an inhibitory concentration of mycophenolic acid
      was present. Embryo transfer experiments showed that the blastocysts formed in
      vitro in the presence of mycophenolic acid + xanthine could implant in foster
      mothers and develop normally to fetuses.

PMID- 3397959
TI  - Luteolytic action of two antiprogestational agents (RU-38486 and ZK-98734) in the
      rat.
AB  - RU-38486 or ZK-98734 treatment (3 mg/day, s.c.) to intact or hysterectomized
      adult female rats on Days 5-7 post coitum induced changes characteristic of
      luteolysis. Ultrastructurally, the luteal cells exhibited an extensive
      vacuolization of the cytoplasm and perinuclear areas, degeneration of
      mitochondrial cristae, massive accumulation of lipid droplets, increase in number
      of lysosome like granules and heterochromatinization of the nucleus. In general,
      RU-38486 induced more marked degeneration of the luteal cells than did ZK-98734.
      There was also a significant decrease in peripheral plasma progesterone
      concentrations in treated rats. We suggest that these antiprogestagens act via
      inhibition of luteal function in addition to their antagonism at the uterine
      progesterone receptor level.

PMID- 3397962
TI  - Society for the Study of Fertility. Annual conference, 1988. Edinburgh, 4th-6th
      July. Abstracts of papers.

PMID- 3397961
TI  - Seasonal and hormonal control of pulsatile LH secretion in the dairy goat (Capra
      hircus).
AB  - In Exp. 1, the changes in pulsatile LH secretion at the onset of the breeding
      season were observed in 20 intact, mature Saanen does. Blood was sampled every 20
      min for 6 h each week from the beginning of August until the onset of ovulatory
      activity, as evidenced by cycles in plasma progesterone. The first doe ovulated
      at the end of August and all were cycling by the end of September. As the first
      ovulation approached, LH pulse frequency increased by 67% and mean levels of LH
      increased by 47%. These changes were progressive rather than abrupt. In Exp. 2,
      seasonal changes in the inhibition of pulsatile LH secretion by ovarian steroids
      were studied in ovariectomized Saanen does. The animals were untreated (N = 4) or
      given subcutaneous oestradiol implants (N = 4) and blood was sampled every 10 min
      for 6 h, twice during the breeding season and twice during the anoestrous season.
      In each season, the second series of samples was taken after the animals had been
      treated with progesterone, administered by intravaginal implants. Season did not
      significantly affect LH secretion in goats not treated with oestradiol, but LH
      pulse frequency was 54% lower during the anoestrous season than during the
      breeding season in oestradiol-treated goats. Mean LH concentrations were affected
      in the same manner as pulse frequency, but pulse amplitude was increased by
      oestradiol treatment in both seasons. Progesterone had no detectable effect on LH
      secretion in either season. In Exp. 3, the response to repeated melatonin
      injections at a set time after dawn was investigated in 11 oestradiol-treated,
      ovariectomized goats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3397963
TI  - The frequency of juvenile arthritis.

PMID- 3397964
TI  - Ultrastructure of skeletal muscle in rheumatoid myositis.
AB  - Muscle biopsies from 8 cases of rheumatoid myositis (5 females and 3 males) were
      studied by electron microscopy. All muscle fibers studied showed either necrosis
      or atrophy, the latter varying from slight to severe. Mononuclear cell
      infiltration was present in all cases, with 4 types of cells observed
      (lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages and mast cells). The capillary
      endothelium showed proliferation of organelles, occlusion of lumina, and
      thickening of the basement membrane. The pathogenesis of muscle damage in
      rheumatoid myositis is discussed.

PMID- 3397965
TI  - Patient outcome following inpatient vs outpatient treatment of rheumatoid
      arthritis.
AB  - To assess the short and longterm efficacy of intensive inpatient treatment of
      active rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 16 patients, the test group, admitted to a
      hospital based rheumatic disease unit (mean length of stay 12.4 days) were
      studied, using clinical and laboratory variables. The comparison group was
      similarly evaluated, using 10 outpatients with active RA to whom hospitalization
      was recommended, but refused by the patients. Both groups were studied
      intensively over a 12-week period. In addition, a 2-year followup was performed
      on 12 test group inpatients and 8 comparison group outpatients, using the same
      variables plus a functional status questionnaire. Health care costs were
      determined for both groups and corrected for a 1985 dollar value. The test group
      showed significant improvement in morning stiffness, pain, and joint score,
      whereas the comparison group improved only in pain score during the initial 12
      week period. At 2 years, the test group and the comparison group showed
      significant improvement in morning stiffness, pain, grip strength, and joint
      score. The comparison group initially had a somewhat lower index of disease
      activity. The test group maintained their initial improvement and none required
      rehospitalization. Functional status scores were similar for both groups. Health
      care costs were initially higher for the test group ($5,065); followup care cost
      for the test group was $99 less/year than the comparison group over 2 years.
      Hospitalization on a rheumatic disease unit brought about prompt, sustained
      improvement in 2 weeks which required nearly 2 years to achieve in the comparison
      group. Such hospitalization of uncomplicated RA seems warranted to decrease
      disability and increase the quality of life.

PMID- 3397967
TI  - Crossreaction of monoclonal antiidiotypic antibodies specific for human
      antithyroglobulin antibody with the Fc portion of human IgG.
AB  - We established 2 monoclonal antiidiotypic antibodies that reacted not only with a
      private idiotope on human antithyroglobulin antibody but also with the Fc portion
      of human IgG. These antiidiotypic antibodies (B2 and B6) bound to IgG F(ab')2
      antithyroglobulin derived from a patient with chronic thyroiditis and normal
      human IgG, but did not bind to IgG F(ab')2 nonantithyroglobulin derived from the
      patient and normal human IgG F(ab')2. The antiidiotypic properties and the
      rheumatoid factor (RF) like properties of B2 and B6 were confirmed by inhibition
      assay. Our results suggest that RF may be produced as antiidiotypic antibodies
      specific for other antigens than IgG.

PMID- 3397966
TI  - Intraarticular progesterone: effects of a local treatment for rheumatoid
      arthritis.
AB  - The antiinflammatory effect of a single intraarticular injection of progesterone
      was investigated in 12 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. A local, but no
      systemic decline of inflammation was observed in 10 of them for at least one
      month. The average local scores of inflammation at Days 7, 14, 21 and 30 after
      injection were significantly lower than pretreatment scores (p less than 0.000003
      for each comparison). In some patients the effect continued for up to 2 months.
      No important side effects were observed during the following 2 months. However, a
      more prolonged followup of treated patients is necessary to rule out the late
      onset of side effects.

PMID- 3397968
TI  - Endomyocardial biopsy in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has numerous cardiovascular manifestations.
      Myocarditis is present in more than 50% of patients with SLE at autopsy, but it
      may be silent clinically during life. Percutaneous endomyocardial biopsy
      performed in 4 patients with SLE was found helpful in establishing the diagnosis
      and in determining the extent of the inflammatory myocarditis. The findings aided
      the regulation of therapy, particularly the administration of immunosuppressive
      drugs.

PMID- 3397969
TI  - Central nervous system lupus erythematosus: the value of magnetic resonance
      imaging.
AB  - Magnetic resonance imaging was sued to examine the brains of 13 patients with
      systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who had experienced symptoms and signs of
      encephalopathy. All the patients had normal computerized tomographic scans. Four
      patients with abnormal magnetic resonance imaging studies had active central
      nervous system disease. None of the 9 patients with normal scans had active
      nervous system involvement at the time of study. Parenchymal lesions were usually
      located in the region of the corticomedullary junction or in the deep
      periventricular white matter. In coronal sections, some of the corticomedullary
      lesions extended centripetally as thin irregular lines into the white matter
      approximating the course of penetrating arterioles of the brain. The parenchymal
      lesions resolved in 4 months in 1 patient, but persisted unchanged in the others
      despite clinical improvement or a stable clinical course. It is likely that the
      parenchymal lesions of these patients represent intrinsic vasculopathy of small
      cerebral vessels and perivascular microinfarctions associated with SLE.

PMID- 3397971
TI  - A prospective study comparing incisional labial to incisional parotid biopsies in
      the detection and confirmation of sarcoidosis, Sjogren's disease, sialosis and
      lymphoma.
AB  - Simultaneous incisional biopsies of labial minor salivary glands and the
      superficial lobe of the parotid were accomplished in patients suspicious for
      sarcoidosis, Sjogren's disease, sialosis and lymphomatous changes in Sjogren's
      disease. Labial minor salivary gland biopsies identified sarcoidosis in 11 of 31
      (36%) patients, compared to 29 of 31 (93%) patients using the parotid biopsy (p =
      0.005). Similarly, the labial minor salivary gland biopsy confirmed 21 of 36
      (58%) patients to have Sjogren's disease, compared to 36 of 36 (100%) (p = 0.005)
      patients confirmed using the parotid biopsy. Five patients with normal labial
      salivary gland biopsies were shown to have idiopathic hypertrophic sialosis with
      enlarged parotids identified by the parotid biopsy. Five additional patients were
      diagnosed with lymphoma occurring within the parotid glands of patients with
      Sjogren's disease, via the parotid biopsies, that were not identifiable with the
      labial minor salivary gland biopsy. The parotid biopsy consistently identified
      each disease entity in an earlier stage, and with more evident histopathology.
      Neither technique showed appreciable morbidity. Three of 77 patients showed a
      sensory loss related to labial salivary gland biopsy. No sensory or motor nerve
      loss was associated with the parotid biopsy.

PMID- 3397970
TI  - Antimalarial drugs, systemic lupus erythematosus and pregnancy.
AB  - Antimalarial drugs containing the 4-amino quinoline radical are used to help
      control disease activity in discoid lupus erythematosus and systemic lupus
      erythematosus (SLE). Many patients with these complaints are young women, some of
      whom will become pregnant. The use of these substituted 4-amino quinoline
      compounds in pregnancy is controversial. We studied the full obstetric histories
      of 8 women with SLE who had taken either chloroquine phosphate or
      hydroxychloroquine sulphate (Plaquenil) throughout the entire length of at least
      1 pregnancy. These 8 women had 14 pregnancies while receiving antimalarial drugs.
      Fetal wastage was high in these patients, regardless of antimalarial therapy, and
      was almost 100% in patients who were clinically active. Six normal full term
      spontaneous deliveries resulted from these pregnancies with clinically healthy
      normal babies born despite exposure to antimalarial therapy throughout the
      pregnancies.

PMID- 3397972
TI  - Relapsing polychondritis and spondyloarthropathies.
AB  - We report 3 patients with polychondritis who also developed spondyloarthropathy:
      one B27 negative patient with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) who also exhibited
      uveitis and optic neuritis; a B27 positive patient with AS who developed acute
      aortic insufficiency and Crohn's disease; and a B27 negative patient with
      Reiter's syndrome. The possible association of spondyloarthropathy with relapsing
      polychondritis is discussed.

PMID- 3397973
TI  - The prevalence of chondrocalcinosis in the human knee joint. An autopsy survey.
AB  - The prevalence of pathological calcifications in the menisci and articular
      cartilage of both knees was investigated macroscopically and radiologically in
      130 consecutive autopsies. The mean age of the subjects was 72 +/- 13 years. Only
      8 subjects were less than 50 years old. All had been admitted to hospital and no
      patient had a history of joint disorders. Half of the patients were male.
      Calcifications were found in 27 (20.7%) cases, all over 60 years of age. There
      were 15.4% males and 26.1% females affected. The incidence of intraarticular
      calcifications in females increased from 11.1-37.5% and in males from 20-29.4%
      for the 60-69 year age group and the over 80-year age group, respectively. One
      third of affected cases had only meniscal and 2/3 had both meniscal and chondral
      calcifications. Isolated meniscal calcifications were found more often in 1 and
      mixed meniscal and chondral calcifications were found in both knees. Severe
      destructive articular cartilage lesions were observed significantly more often in
      joints with intraarticular calcifications than in joints of age matched subjects
      without calcifications. Joints with calcifications showed little evidence of
      synovial inflammation. Similarly, no specific relationship was found between the
      presence of crystal and amyloid deposits in the knees examined.

PMID- 3397974
TI  - Destructive spondyloarthropathy in short term chronic ambulatory peritoneal
      dialysis and hemodialysis.
AB  - Of the many rheumatic manifestations of kidney failure treated by longterm
      dialysis, a destructive spondyloarthropathy has recently been recognized. We
      performed a survey of our small, relatively short term (3-year average) dialysis
      population of 45 patients to establish a prevalence figure and establish a data
      base to assess risk factors. Destructive spondyloarthropathy was seen in 4 of 34
      patients receiving hemodialysis and in 2 patients receiving chronic ambulatory
      peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Age of the patient (p less than 0.09) and duration of
      dialysis (p less than 0.05) seem to be associated risk factors. Although it may
      be coincidental, radiological and biochemical hyperparathyroidism can be clearly
      dissociated from destructive spondyloarthropathy. The very peculiar
      quasiconstant, asymptomatic and early cervical localization of destructive
      spondyloarthropathy suggests a local mechanical factor accentuated by crystal
      and/or amyloid deposition disease which may become overwhelming as survival is
      prolonged.

PMID- 3397975
TI  - Insulin-like growth factors I and II in children with systemic onset juvenile
      arthritis.
AB  - Systemic onset juvenile arthritis (JA) has been associated with growth failure in
      children whether or not treated with adrenocorticosteroids. Growth hormone
      secretion has been reported to be normal, but production of insulin-like growth
      factors has not been studied. We measured serum concentrations of insulin-like
      growth factor I and II in a group of children with systemic JA at different
      times, and during treatment with only nonsteroidal antiinflammatory therapy or
      while receiving prednisone. Mean concentrations of insulin-like growth factor I
      and II were below normal for age whether or not prednisone was being given.
      Growth failure during periods of active disease was observed in both groups. Only
      4 of 11 prepubertal children in whom growth rates were measured grew 4.5 cm or
      more/year. However, longitudinal studies of individual children showed that
      lowest growth rates occurred while taking prednisone and that growth rates were
      not correlated to insulin-like growth factor levels.

PMID- 3397976
TI  - Septic arthritis due to gram negative bacilli: older patients with good outcome.
AB  - Previous studies of gram negative bacillary septic arthritis conclude it is an
      uncommon disease of older patients with poor outcome, or of younger patients with
      good outcome. We reviewed 22 cases of gram negative bacillary septic arthritis in
      a rural population. The mean age was 61 years, symptoms were of short duration
      (6.5 days mean), and a chronic illness was frequently present (77%). The knee was
      involved in 73% and E. coli was the usual causative organism (32%). Antibiotics
      plus aspiration was a successful initial therapy. Overall survival was 95% and a
      good outcome was achieved in 68%. Gram negative bacillary septic arthritis
      affects older patients, and the outcome appears good.

PMID- 3397977
TI  - Ultrastructural changes in the femoral condylar cartilage of mature American
      foxhounds following transection of the anterior cruciate ligament.
AB  - Skeletally mature male American foxhounds were subjected to surgical transection
      of the right anterior cruciate ligament; they developed osteoarthritis of this
      stifle joint. The results were compared with joints from sham operated and
      nonoperated controls. Articular cartilage from each lateral femoral condyle was
      viewed by transmission electron microscopy. The ultrastructure of control and of
      experimental tissues was compared with that of similar, previous studies made in
      beagles. Both forms of foxhound control tissue were indistinguishable from normal
      beagle femoral condylar cartilage. Ultrastructural changes observed in the
      foxhound up to 16 weeks after cruciate ligament surgery were closely similar to
      those recorded in the beagle; they included alterations of chondrocyte morphology
      and the deposition of an electron dense cartilage surface coat. However, the
      degree of cartilage disorganization after 64 weeks was greater than, and
      qualitatively distinct from, that observed in the beagle.

PMID- 3397978
TI  - Chondrocyte antioxidant defences: the roles of catalase and glutathione
      peroxidase in protection against H2O2 dependent inhibition of proteoglycan
      biosynthesis.
AB  - The production of hydrogen peroxide by polymorphonuclear cells is suspected as
      being a cause of cellular damage during acute inflammation. In our study, the
      kinetics by which hydrogen peroxide suppressed proteoglycan synthesis in
      cartilage explant culture suggested that the damage occurred at the level of core
      protein synthesis. Chondrocytes were also shown to contain both catalase and the
      glutathione peroxidase/reductase systems, which were both involved in the removal
      of 10(-4) M H2O2. Interruption of either of these peroxide metabolizing systems
      markedly sensitized cartilage to a greater inhibition of synthesis by H2O2.
      Inhibition of catalase (with 3-amino 1,2,4 triazole or azide) was found to
      depress synthesis further, possibly because of exposure to higher steady state
      levels of H2O2. Inhibition of glutathione reductase (with 1,3-bis-(choloroethyl)
      1-nitrosurea) did not expose tissue to higher steady state levels of H2O2, but
      this treatment decreased the intrachondrocyte level of reduced glutathione which
      may explain the increased damage obtained in the presence of H2O2. These results
      support the concept that effective H2O2 metabolizing systems are important in the
      maintenance of normal biosynthetic rates in cartilage during inflammation.

PMID- 3397979
TI  - Influence of age and disease state in nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug
      associated gastric bleeding.
AB  - In our study of 552 acute admissions for gastrointestinal hemorrhage, 18% were
      found to be taking nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID) at the time of the
      bleed; 49% of these were found at endoscopy to have a gastric or prepyloric
      lesion, compared with 20% of the non-NSAID control group. Prescription data was
      used to calculate the risk added by age and disease state to the NSAID associated
      bleeding. We found that patients with chronic inflammatory disease had 2-3 times
      the expected bleeding incidence, but while there was a definite trend towards an
      age related risk in older patients, this was not statistically significant.

PMID- 3397980
TI  - The effect of indication on the risk of hypersensitivity reactions associated
      with tolmetin sodium vs other nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs.
AB  - A retrospective cohort study using 1980-1984 Medicaid billing data from 3 US
      states was performed to assess the relative risk of hypersensitivity reactions
      from different nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID). Comparing tolmetin
      sodium to other NSAID, pooling the data across the 3 US states using the Mantel
      Haenszel procedure, gave an overall relative risk (95% confidence interval) of
      1.1 (0.8-1.4). After adjusting for multiple potential confounding variables using
      logistic regression, an odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of 0.9 (0.6-1.2) was
      observed. These data do not confirm previous suggestions that use of tolmetin is
      associated with a higher risk of hypersensitivity reactions than use of other
      NSAID.

PMID- 3397981
TI  - Rheumatoid arthritis and hereditary angioedema.
AB  - We describe a case in which rheumatoid arthritis (RA) developed in a patient with
      hereditary angioedema. Hereditary angioedema, one of the inherited complement
      deficiencies, has been reported in association with a number of autoimmune
      disorders, but there has been only 1 report of an association between RA and
      hereditary angioedema.

PMID- 3397982
TI  - A patient with systemic lupus erythematosus presenting both central nervous
      system lupus and steroid induced psychosis.
AB  - We describe a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who presented with
      both steroid induced psychosis and central nervous system (CNS) SLE at different
      times. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) immunoglobulin indices and
      electroencephalogram were found to be helpful and reliable for the correct
      diagnosis of both conditions. There have been no reports of patients with SLE who
      showed both steroid induced psychosis and CNS SLE, and our patient has provided
      substantial evidence that both conditions can occur in the same individual.

PMID- 3397983
TI  - Hypoparathyroidism due to progressive systemic sclerosis.
AB  - Hypoparathyroidism has not been reported in progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS).
      We describe a patient with PSS and polymyositis with clinical hypoparathyroidism
      in whom fibrosis of the parathyroid glands was found at autopsy. Normal
      parathyroid gland architecture includes a collagenous stroma which may fibrose
      due to the same etiologic factors that are responsible for fibrosis in other
      organs in PSS. Parathyroid involvement in PSS is probably more common than is
      currently appreciated.

PMID- 3397984
TI  - Acute septic arthritis due to Acremonium.
AB  - A case of Acremonium species arthritis in a previously healthy child is reported.
      This fungus has frequently been implicated in cases of mycetoma and keratomycosis
      in the tropics, and invasive disease has occurred almost exclusively in
      immunocompromised patients. The acute presentation of this illness and its
      successful treatment with IV amphotericin-B are highlighted to alert physicians
      to this pathogen.

PMID- 3397985
TI  - Unilateral sacroiliitis in secondary syphilis.

PMID- 3397986
TI  - Dicarbavasopressin antagonist analogues exhibit reduced in vivo agonist activity.

PMID- 3397987
TI  - Decomposition of N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitrosocarbamoyl amino acid amides.
AB  - The chemical decomposition of N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitrosocarbamoyl (Q(NO]
      prolinamide and valinamide were studied under physiological conditions. The
      volatile products were identified with GC. Q(NO)-Pro-NH2 gave twice the amount of
      ethylene glycol and only one-fifth of the 2-chloroethanol produced by Q(NO)-Val
      NH2 or BCNU, pointing to different pathways of their decomposition. The
      carbamoylating activity was also investigated in the presence of cyclohexylamine,
      and it was found to lead mainly to intramolecular carbamoylation with the
      formation of hydantoin derivatives.

PMID- 3397988
TI  - Synthesis and thromboxane A2 antagonist activity of N-benzyltrimetoquinol
      analogues.
AB  - It is currently believed that the platelet thromboxane A2 (TXA2/PGH2) receptor is
      different from the vascular TXA2/PGH2 receptor. While the majority of TXA2
      receptor antagonists are structurally related to the prostaglandins,
      trimetoquinol (TMQ) represents a unique nonprostanoid antagonist. TMQ also
      possesses beta-adrenergic activity; however, an N-benzyl substituent on TMQ has
      been shown to impart some selectivity for platelet antiaggregatory activity
      versus beta-adrenergic activity. In this study, we examined the synthesis and
      TXA2 antagonist activity of a series of substituted N-benzyl analogues of TMQ.
      While these analogues showed an apparent direct correlation between platelet
      antiaggregatory activity and electron-donating ability of the N-benzyl
      substituents, no such correlation could be demonstrated for the inhibition of
      contractile responses. Thus, nonprostanoid TXA2 antagonists can be used to
      demonstrate differences between platelet and vascular TXA2/PGH2 responses.

PMID- 3397989
TI  - Semisynthetic pyrrolizidine alkaloid N-oxide antitumor agents. Esters of
      heliotridine.
AB  - The C-9 and C-7 monoesters and C-7, C-9 diesters of heliotridine with (S)-(+) and
      (R)-(-)-2-hydroxy-2-phenylbutyric acid were prepared, converted into their N
      oxides, and compared with the corresponding C-9 monoesters of retronecine in the
      in vivo P388 lymphocytic leukemia screen. Relative in vitro cytotoxicities of
      some of the free bases and their corresponding N-oxides were also measured
      against the A204 rhabdomyosarcoma cell line by using the soft agar colony forming
      assay. Stereochemistry at C-7 of the necine and at C-2' of the necine acid
      appears to have a significant effect on the antitumor activity in this system. In
      the heliotridine series, the configuration of the necic acid has a pronounced
      effect on the site selectivity (C-7 vs C-9) in esterification with
      carbodiimidazole. An explanation for this site selectivity is offered.

PMID- 3397990
TI  - Benzothiopyranoindazoles, a new class of chromophore modified anthracenedione
      anticancer agents. Synthesis and activity against murine leukemias.
AB  - The synthesis of the benzothiopyranoindazoles, a new class of chromophore
      modified anthracenediones related to mitoxantrone, is described. In this
      structural class the quinone moiety, which is believed to be responsible for the
      cardiotoxicity of the anthracyclines, has been designed out. The synthesis of the
      benzothiopyranoindazoles was carried out by a multistep sequence from requisite 1
      chloro-4-nitro-9H-thioxanthen-9-one precursors. Reaction with a
      monoalkylhydrazine gave a 5-nitrobenzothiopyranoindazole adduct, which was
      catalytically reduced to a corresponding C-5 anilino intermediate. Alkylation of
      7 with a requisite X(CH2)nNR1R2 (X = Cl, Br; R1, R2 = H, alkyl, acyl; n = 2,3)
      provided target "two-armed" benzothiopyranoindazoles or A-ring methoxy and/or
      side chain acyl intermediates, which could be converted to 3 by appropriate
      deprotection methodologies. Alternatively, certain target compounds 3 were
      synthesized by reaction of 7 with appropriately functionalized glycine precursors
      under Schotten-Bauman or BOP chloride condensation conditions to provide C-5
      acylamino intermediates, followed by Red-Al reduction and deprotection steps.
      Described also is the synthesis of selected benzothiopyranoindazole congeners
      with proximal acylamino side chains at C-5 and B-ring sulfone functionality at S
      6. Potent activity was demonstrated against murine L1210 leukemia in vitro (IC50
      = 10(-7)-10(-9) M) as well as against P388 leukemia in vivo over a wide range of
      structural variants. In general, activity against the P388 line was maximized by
      (a) a basic side chain at N-2 and a dibasic side chain at C-5 with primary or
      secondary distal amine substitution, (b) certain patterns of A-ring hydroxylation
      with 8-OH and 9-OH most favorable, and (c) sulfide oxidation state at S-6.
      Besides having curative activity against the P388 line, the more active compounds
      were curative against murine B-16 melanoma in vivo. On the basis of their
      exceptional broad-spectrum in vivo anticancer activity, selected compounds in
      this series have been chosen for development toward clinical trials.

PMID- 3397991
TI  - Enantiomers of 7-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)actinomycin D as dual-action DNA-acting
      antitumor agents.
AB  - Enantiomeric forms of (+/-)-EPA [racemic 7-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)actinomycin D] have
      been synthesized; these are (R)-(+)- and (S)-(-)-EPA, which are active against a
      range of actinomycin resistant and marginally responsive tumors. The R-(+)
      enantiomer is uniformly superior to the other forms in all the tumor lines
      tested. These enantiomers act by binding to DNA, both by intercalation and
      alkylation at the guanine base of DNA. They are superior to actinomycin D in
      their in vitro activity against mouse leukemias (L1210 and P388/ADR) and mouse
      melanoma B16. This superior activity is also evident against all the preceding
      mouse leukemias and against solid tumors B16 and C26 in vivo. In biochemical
      action, the enantiomers behave similarly and act primarily by inhibiting DNA
      synthesis in tumor cells; the only difference found was in their preference for
      sites in DNA bases during alkylation. The R-(+) enantiomer generates an adduct
      that is believed to be bonded to the N7-site of guanosine; conversely, the S-(-)
      isomer forms two adducts with DNA that are different from the preceding one by
      HPLC and are tentatively assigned O6-guanosine-substituted structures on the
      basis of their UV, CD, and other chemical behaviors.

PMID- 3397992
TI  - Substituted benzamides. 1. Potential nondopaminergic antagonists of chemotherapy
      induced nausea and emesis.
AB  - A series of new substituted benzamides has been synthesized and evaluated for
      dopamine antagonist activity and for antagonism of cisplatin-induced emesis in
      the dog and in the ferret. It was found that modification of the 2-methoxy
      substituent of metoclopramide was detrimental to dopaminergic D2 antagonism but
      not necessarily to antagonism of cisplatin-induced emesis. A number of analogues
      having a beta-keto, beta-hydroxy, beta-methoxy, beta-imino, or beta-unsaturated
      alkyloxy substituent instead of methoxy have shown equal or superior protection
      from emesis to that of metoclopramide. At the same time these compounds were
      found to be free of dopaminergic D2 antagonism in both in vitro ([3H]spiperone
      binding) and in vivo tests (rat catalepsy, antagonism of apomorphine-induced
      stereotypy in the rat, and apomorphine-induced emesis in the dog).

PMID- 3397993
TI  - Stereoisomers of allenic amines as inactivators of monoamine oxidase type B.
      Stereochemical probes of the active site.
AB  - The kinetics of inactivation of mitochondrial monoamine oxidase type B (MAO-B) by
      a series of 18 stereoisomers of tertiary alpha-allenic amines have been
      investigated in detail. The chirality of the allene group in N-methyl-N
      aralkylpenta-2,3-dienamines was found to have a profound effect on the
      inactivation rate, with the (R)-allenes being up to 200-fold more potent than
      their (S)-allenic counterparts. The ability of (S)-allenes to inactivate MAO was
      severely compromised by the presence of N-phenethyl or N-alpha-substituted
      aralkyl substituents. The opposing chiralities in both the allene and aralkyl
      groups of (R,R)- and (S,S)-N-methyl-N-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthyl)-penta-2,3
      dienamine+ ++ resulted in a difference of more than 3 orders of magnitude in
      inactivation rates. The stereoselectivity of MAO-B was examined further with a
      series of reversible aralkylamine inhibitors; thus (R)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1
      naphthylamine was determined to be 150-fold more potent than its enantiomer.

PMID- 3397994
TI  - Synthesis, configuration, and evaluation of two conformationally restrained
      analogues of phencyclidine.
AB  - Brown oxidation of cis-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-3-ol afforded bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-3
      one in 98% yield. Treatment of this ketone with either phenyllithium or
      phenylamagnesium bromide in ether at room temperature followed by solvolysis of
      the resulting alcohol in a mixture of trifluoroacetic acid, sodium azide, and
      chloroform gave a mixture of cis- and trans-3-azido-3
      phenylbicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes. LAH reduction of this crude mixture of azides
      afforded a 1:3.5 mixture of cis- and trans-3-phenyl-3-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexylamine,
      respectively, in 51% overall yield from the alcohol. Separation of the mixture of
      amines by column chromatography followed by cyclization of each by heating at 60
      degrees C in DMF solution with 1 equiv of 1,5-dibromopentane furnished the two
      conformationally restrained analogues of phencyclidine (PCP), cis- and trans-3
      phenyl-3-piperidinylbicyclo[3.1.0]hexane (1 and 2, respectively), in high yield.
      Configurations were assigned on the basis of an X-ray crystallographic analysis
      of the cis isomer (1). Bond lengths and angles are similar to those found in PCP
      and its derivatives. Binding to PCP receptors and sigma sites as well as
      behavioral effects of 1 and 2 in rats was determined relative to PCP. In
      displacement of specifically bound [3H]TCP (1-[1-(2
      thienyl)cyclohexyl]piperidine) from PCP receptors, 1 and 2 were nearly equipotent
      and about one-seventh as potent as PCP. These compounds were about one-fifth as
      potent as PCP in displacing [3H]-(+)-SKF 10,047 from its binding site.
      Calculation of the ED50 values of 1 and 2 for stereotyped behavior and ataxia
      indicated that they were about equipotent, and 2-3-fold less active than PCP.

PMID- 3397996
TI  - Asymmetric synthesis and properties of the enantiomers of the antibacterial agent
      7-(3-aminopyrrolidin-1-yl)-1-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1,4-dihydro-6- fluoro-4-oxo-1,8
      naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid hydrochloride.
AB  - Compound 1 [7-(3-aminopyrrolidin-1-yl)-1-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1,4-dihydro-6-f
      luoro-4-oxo-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid hydrochloride] is a potent member
      of the quinolonecarboxylic acid class of antibacterial agents and is currently
      undergoing clinical evaluation. We have developed efficient asymmetric syntheses
      of the enantiomers of this agent. The S-(+) enantiomer 1a is 1-2 log2 dilutions
      more active than the R-(-) enantiomer 1b against aerobic bacteria and 1-2 or more
      log2 dilutions more active against anaerobic bacteria in vitro. The enantiomer 1a
      shows significantly better in vivo activity in a Pseudomonas aeruginosa mouse
      protection model compared to racemic 1. Coupled with the improved solubility
      profile of 1a relative to racemic material, these features may be of practical
      significance from a clinical standpoint.

PMID- 3397995
TI  - Nucleotide derivatives of 2,7-diaminomitosene.
AB  - Treatment of mitomycin C with pyrimidine nucleotides in acidic media produced
      derivatives of 2,7-diaminomitosene in which C-1 was covalently bound to the
      phosphate group of the nucleotides. On reduction, these derivatives liberated the
      nucleotides and a mitomycin intermediate that alkylated DNA. Their reduction in
      the presence of 2'-deoxyguanosine produced some bifunctional alkylation as did
      mitomycin C. They were readily taken up by L1210 leukemia cells, in which they
      showed potent cytotoxicity. These properties suggest that they are acting as
      prodrugs capable of conversion into two active species. The uridylate derivative
      showed activity comparable to that of mitomycin C against P-388 leukemia in mice.

PMID- 3397997
TI  - Imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidines and imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazines: the role of nitrogen
      position in inotropic activity.
AB  - Congestive heart failure is a major medical problem for which existing
      medicaments have provided limited benefit. Recent new experimental drugs,
      including imidazo[4,5-b]- and imidazo[4,5-c]pyridines, have both inotropic and
      vasodilatory properties. Subtle changes in nitrogen position of these compounds
      have been shown to dramatically affect potency. We have synthesized a series of
      imidazo[4,5-b]- and -[4,5-c]pyridine analogues having an imidazo nitrogen
      relocated at the bridgehead position. The superior inotropic activity of the [4,5
      c]pyridines as compared to [4,5-b]pyridines is reaffirmed by the activity of our
      analogues. The biological equivalence of imidazo[4,5-b]pyridines with imidazo[1,2
      a]pyrimidines and imidazo[4,5-c]pyridines with imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazines is
      demonstrated. Further, 2-[2-methoxy-4-(methylsulfenyl)phenyl]imidazo[1,2
      a]pyrazine and 2-[2-methoxy-4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]-imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine are
      potent inotropic agents both in vitro and in vivo.

PMID- 3397998
TI  - Deletion sequences of salmon calcitonin that retain the essential biological and
      conformational features of the intact molecule.
AB  - Salmon calcitonin has an amino acid sequences that would allow it to form an
      amphipathic helix from approximately residue 9 to residue 22. We have synthesized
      a number of analogues of this peptide hormone with deletions in the carboxyl
      terminus of this putative amphipathic helix. These analogues include deletions of
      single amino acid residues at positions 19, 20, 21, or 22 as well as deletions of
      progressively larger segments starting with residue 19 and including deletions of
      residues 19 and 20; 19, 20, and 21; or 19, 20, 21, and 22. There is a small
      decrease in the helical content of these analogues compared with the native
      hormone, both in the presence and absence of amphiphiles. However, the extent of
      formation of secondary structure, as measured by circular dichroism, is similar
      for these deletion sequences as it is for the native hormone. In all cases, there
      is a large increase in the helical content of the peptide in the presence of
      dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol, lysolecithin, or sodium dodecyl sulfate. All of
      the analogues have hypocalcemic activity in vivo in rats, comparable to the
      native hormone, except for des-Leu19-salmon calcitonin, which is about twice as
      active as the unmodified hormone. With use of an in vitro assay of adenylate
      cyclase activation in purified rat kidney membranes, des-Tyr22-salmon calcitonin,
      des-Leu19,Gln20,Thr21-salmon calcitonin, and des-Leu19Gln20,Thr21,Thr22-salmon
      calcitonin exhibited about one-tenth the stimulatory activity of the native
      hormone. Des-Tyr22-sCT and des-Leu19,Gln20,Thr21,Tyr22-sCT were also tested for
      their activity in inhibiting prolactin release from isolated rat pituitary cells.
      Both of these analogues exhibited inhibitory activity. Thus, the region of
      residues 19-22 does not greatly affect either the conformational or the
      biological properties of salmon calcitonin.

PMID- 3398000
TI  - Studies on some derivatives of oxamniquine.
AB  - On the basis of the remarkable biological similarities between hycanthone and
      oxamniquine and as a sequel to our finding that some esters of hycanthone are
      active against hycanthone-resistant schistosomes, we prepared oxamniquine
      acetate, oxamniquine N-methylcarbamate, and four substituted
      phenylsulfonohydrazones of oxamniquine aldehyde. These compounds were tested for
      their effect on survival of and on [3H]uridine incorporation into hycanthone
      sensitive and -resistant Schistosoma mansoni. All of these derivatives were
      effective to a greater or lesser degree in killing worms and in inhibiting
      [3H]uridine incorporation in the sensitive strain, but none was effective in the
      resistant strain.

PMID- 3397999
TI  - Conformations of complexes between mitomycins and decanucleotides. 3. Sequence
      specificity, binding at C-10, and mitomycin analogues.
AB  - Molecular mechanics simulation of the interactions of mitomycin C and certain
      analogues with DNA models are presented. The sequence specificity of mitomycin C
      binding was investigated by using a d(GCGCGCGCGC)2 decanucleotide duplex,
      abbreviated herein as GC10, in which the base pair was varied on either side of
      the covalent binding site. A CGT fragment was favored, although its correlation
      with the diverse findings in the literature is questionable. A model was derived
      for the monocovalent binding at C10 of 2,7-diaminomitosene with GC10 and for the
      noncovalently bound hydroquinone intermediate. Revised models were established
      for three highly active mitomycin C analogues: M-83, BMY-25282, and RR-150. They
      involved covalent binding at the 2-amino group of a guanine residue, and they
      accounted for enhanced noncovalent binding afforded by specific interactions of
      the C7 substituents with residues in GC10.

PMID- 3398001
TI  - Synthesis and evaluation of tylosin-related macrolides modified at the aldehyde
      function: a new series of orally effective antibiotics.
AB  - Modification of the aldehyde group in tylosin and related macrolide antibiotics
      dramatically enhanced the oral efficacy of the derivatives against experimental
      infections caused by susceptible bacteria in laboratory animals. A large number
      and wide variety of aldehyde-modified macrolide derivatives were prepared,
      utilizing the Mitsunobu reaction and other chemical transformations. Evaluation
      of in vitro and in vivo antimicrobial activity indicated that derivatives of
      demycarosyltylosin (desmycosin) combined the broadest spectrum of antimicrobial
      activity with the best efficacy and bioavailability after oral administration.

PMID- 3398002
TI  - Soft drugs. 7. Soft beta-blockers for systemic and ophthalmic use.
AB  - The "inactive metabolite approach" was used to design a series of "soft" drugs
      derived from the acidic metabolite of metoprolol. Pharmacokinetic and
      pharmacodynamic properties of these novel "soft" beta-adrenoceptor antagonists
      were determined: half-lives in human blood ranged from 5 to 754 min. The rates of
      in vivo disappearance of representative slow, medium, and fast hydrolyzing esters
      were determined in rats. In each case rapid and quantitative conversion to the
      corresponding free acid was observed. This suggests a facile, one-step
      degradation to the predicted major metabolite. The compounds were tested for
      their ability to decrease intraocular pressure in a rabbit model. Five of the new
      compounds exerted an ocular hypotensive action comparable to or greater than that
      of the reference compound, timolol maleate, and with a prolonged duration of
      action in some cases. In contrast the new compounds showed reduced and shorter
      duration systemic activity. The adamantylethyl ester emerges as a potentially
      effective antiglaucoma agent with significantly improved site-specific activity.

PMID- 3398003
TI  - Effects of sulfur-containing analogues of stearic acid on growth and fatty acid
      biosynthesis in the protozoan Crithidia fasciculata.
AB  - A variety of analogues of stearic acid in which one of the methylene groups was
      replaced by a sulfur atom were examined as inhibitors of growth and fatty acid
      biosynthesis in the trypanosomatid protozoan Crithidia fasciculata. The 8-, 9-,
      10-, and 11-thiastearic acids were found to suppress the synthesis of the
      cyclopropane-containing fatty acid dihydrosterculic acid (9,10
      methyleneoctadecanoic acid) at micromolar concentrations in the growth medium,
      and all but the 9-thiastearate were found to inhibit the growth of the protozoa
      at concentrations. The most potent inhibitor, 8-thiastearic acid (I50 for growth
      = 0.8 microM; I50 dihydrosterculate synthesis = 0.4 microM), was also observed to
      inhibit the synthesis of gamma-linolenic acid at a similar concentration. The
      sulfoxide derivatives of the 9- and 10-thiastearates were found to have little
      effect on growth or fatty acid synthesis, and several long-chain amides of 3
      amino-1,2-propanediol were found to have effects similar to those of the fatty
      acids from which they were derived.

PMID- 3398005
TI  - Recognition and reanalysis of a cell line from a manifesting female with X linked
      hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia and an X; autosome balanced translocation.
AB  - We have restudied a fibroblast cell line from a female with marked manifestations
      of X linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) and a balanced X;9
      translocation. Chromosome analysis showed a karyotype of 46,X,t(X;9)(q13.1;p24)
      with an Xq breakpoint distal to the one previously reported. The significance of
      the cell line, previously unrecognised, for the mapping and eventual cloning of
      the HED locus is discussed.

PMID- 3398004
TI  - Partial gene duplication in Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies.
AB  - Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies (DMD and BMD) are progressive muscle
      wasting disorders with an X linked recessive mode of inheritance. We have
      surveyed 120 unrelated patients with DMD or BMD for gene duplications using a
      series of genomic probes from within the DMD/BMD gene locus. In three patients,
      two with DMD and one with BMD, a duplicated region within the DMD/BMD locus has
      been shown by Southern blot analysis and transmission densitometry. In two cases
      a new restriction fragment spanning the duplication junction has been visualised,
      indicating that the duplications are tandemly arranged. Mendelian inheritance of
      the duplication has been shown in two families by following the segregation of
      the duplication junction fragment. The three duplication cases have been analysed
      with a cDNA probe isolated from the DXS206 region of the DMD/BMD locus and the
      duplication of a specific set of exons has been found in two cases. This study
      shows that all three duplications are internal to the gene and confirms that such
      a duplication can result in a genetic disorder through the disruption of exon
      organisation.

PMID- 3398006
TI  - A developing role in genetic counselling.
AB  - The valuable contribution made by nurses and social workers employed in genetic
      services in Britain was recognised by a Clinical Genetics Society Working Party.
      A recent survey has examined their role in the service and a selection of
      findings is presented in this paper. Their introduction to the clinical team
      facilitates the process of counselling and promotes a more comprehensive service
      for families.

PMID- 3398008
TI  - New autosomal recessive faciodigitogenital syndrome.
AB  - Most pedigrees of Aarskog's faciodigitogenital syndrome have suggested X linked
      inheritance. However, sex influenced autosomal dominant inheritance is also a
      possibility in some families. We describe an Arab family of normal consanguineous
      parents with five children (three males and two females) with some features of
      Aarskog syndrome in addition to some unusual hair changes. The possibility that
      this family represents a distinct previously unrecognised faciodigitogenital
      syndrome with short stature and hair abnormalities is suggested and discussed.

PMID- 3398007
TI  - Birth defects following maternal exposure to ergotamine, beta blockers, and
      caffeine.
AB  - Ergotamine exposure during pregnancy has been suggested to cause birth defects
      which have a vascular disruptive aetiology. The present case provides additional
      support for the possible adverse fetal effects of exposure to ergotamine,
      caffeine, and propranolol during the first four months of pregnancy. At birth the
      infant showed evidence of early arrested cerebral maturation and paraplegia. The
      nature of these defects suggests a primary vascular disruptive aetiology. We
      hypothesise that ergotamine, acting either alone or in synergy with propranolol
      and caffeine, produced fetal vasoconstriction resulting in tissue ischaemia and
      subsequent malformation. This case raises the possibility that fetal malformation
      may result from concomitant use of multiple vasoconstrictive agents during
      pregnancy.

PMID- 3398009
TI  - Clinical features and reproductive patterns in fragile X female heterozygotes.
AB  - Clinical findings are presented on 113 fragile X female heterozygotes from 44
      families, based on physical examination, behavioural assessment, and reproductive
      history. In 85% of a subsample of 92 adult females non-verbal IQ score derived
      from the Block Design test was 85 or less. Verbal ability deficits were much less
      common. Typical facial characteristics, irregular teeth, and hypermobility of
      finger joints occurred in approximately 40% of adult females, but facial
      abnormalities were less common in children. Some physical anomalies and the level
      of intellectual impairment were, in adult carriers, associated with the presence
      of fragile X sites. The commoner physical anomalies or typical facial
      characteristics and intellectual abilities differed significantly between the
      known female heterozygotes and their 40 presumed normal relatives. Frequency of
      miscarriages was increased in fragile X females; in spite of this, a moderate
      increase in the number of children has been encountered in female carriers with
      borderline intellectual impairment. This important problem has genetical
      implications and needs further investigation. The importance is emphasised of a
      more detailed clinical examination of the females at risk in fragile X families.

PMID- 3398011
TI  - Translocation (1;22) in a child with bilateral oblique facial clefts.
AB  - An eight month old girl was born with symmetrical bilateral oblique facial clefts
      and calcaneovarus foot deformity. CT scan of the head showed severe bilateral
      ocular hypoplasia and normal brain parenchyma. Peripheral blood karyotype showed
      a de novo balanced translocation between a chromosome 1 and 22. A submicroscopic
      imbalance secondary to this translocation cannot be ruled out. The pattern of the
      observed anomalies will help distinguish between oblique facial clefts and
      amniotic band disruption. Chromosomal studies should be performed in children
      with such rare malformations.

PMID- 3398010
TI  - The influence of culture media on chromosome aberration levels, sister chromatid
      exchange frequencies, and the rate of cell proliferation: comparison of Iscove's
      low folate medium with Eagle's MEM.

PMID- 3398012
TI  - Oculotrichodysplasia (OTD): a new probably autosomal recessive condition.
AB  - A brother and sister, the offspring of first cousins, are described with
      retinitis pigmentosa, trichodysplasia (hypotrichosis and structural changes),
      dental anomalies, and onychodysplasia. This is a pure ectodermal dysplasia of the
      tricho-odonto-onychial subgroup, probably due to an autosomal recessive gene.

PMID- 3398013
TI  - Instruction in research-related topics in U.S. and Canadian medical schools.
AB  - The authors conducted a study to collect information on the teaching of research
      related topics at medical schools. A questionnaire was developed and mailed to
      appropriate administrators of all accredited United States, Canadian, and Puerto
      Rican medical schools that asked for information on courses offered in
      epidemiology, statistics, evaluation of medical literature, and research design.
      Ninety-seven percent of the medical schools responded to the questionnaire. All
      but one of the 139 respondents reported offering formal instruction in at least
      one of the four topics; epidemiology and statistics were offered by 98 percent
      and 96 percent, respectively, of the responding schools. Training in evaluating
      medical literature was required by slightly less than half of the responding
      schools, and research methodology was required by one-third. Future studies
      should evaluate the effectiveness of such courses.

PMID- 3398015
TI  - Study of teaching residents how to teach.
AB  - In the study reported here, the authors evaluated the effectiveness of a teaching
      skills program for residents. Twenty-two residents in obstetrics and gynecology,
      medicine, and family medicine were randomly assigned to control and experimental
      groups. The experimental groups received instruction and feedback about teaching
      skills during their first and second postgraduate years. Both groups were
      evaluated at three times: in the first year before the instructional program, in
      the second year during the instructional program, and in the third year six
      months after instruction. During each study phase, videotapes were made of each
      resident teaching a student in the context of a case presentation. Trained raters
      evaluated eight teaching skills exhibited in the videotapes. In general, there
      was greater increase and less decline in the scores of the experimental than the
      control groups. These data suggest that teaching skills can be improved by
      instruction and that without support residents' teaching skills do not improve in
      relation to their clinical competence.

PMID- 3398014
TI  - Predicting success and failure of medical students at risk for dismissal.
AB  - An analysis of the records of 41 students at risk for dismissal while studying at
      the George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences was
      undertaken to identify characteristics that correlated with future success or
      failure. Four distinct groups were identified and their outcomes followed. The
      group with academic problems lacked the academic capabilities to compete
      successfully; 57 percent graduated. Those in the group with intrapersonal
      problems were hindered by personal conflicts and excessive anxiety; 71 percent
      graduated. The group with interpersonal problems consisted of students who did
      not relate effectively to professors, clinicians, physicians, or patients; 8
      percent graduated. The fourth group encompassed those students who suffered both
      from excessive anxiety and limited academic ability; 71 percent graduated.
      Accepting psychotherapeutic help when recommended was related to graduation and
      was greatest in the group with intrapersonal problems. Seven of the eight
      students who threatened litigation after dismissal were from the group with
      interpersonal problems.

PMID- 3398016
TI  - Effect of prepaid health plans on a family practice residency.
AB  - The rapid growth of prepaid health care plans imposes clinical, financial, and
      educational changes on residency programs. In the study reported here, the
      authors examined some perceived and actual effects of such plans on a family
      medicine center associated with a family medicine residency training program. In
      the study, 37 residents and 19 faculty members completed a 5-point, 16-item
      survey covering the effect of the prepaid plans used at the center on the
      program's practice profile, cost-containment efforts, and education activities
      over a three-year period. Overall, the respondents agreed with the need for cost
      containment that accompanied participation in the prepaid plan and agreed that
      prepaid plans increased the number of patient visits and visits by family
      members. The residents and faculty members agreed that prepaid patients were more
      demanding and were seen more often for minor or inappropriate problems. Regarding
      the educational impact of the prepaid plans, the respondents agreed that they
      improved their clinical decision-making, and no significant concern regarding
      limitation of laboratory or consultations was noted. Some of the respondents'
      perceptions were corroborated by findings in the clinic data base that showed
      increased numbers of patient visits, more visits by members of the same family,
      and no significant change in outpatient consultation rates.

PMID- 3398017
TI  - A workshop on ethnic and cultural awareness for second-year students.
AB  - In 1984, 50 percent of the first-year students at the University of Southern
      California School of Medicine felt unprepared to handle the cultural barriers
      between themselves and their patients during their clinical rotations. Therefore,
      in 1985 a group of students developed a four-hour workshop designed to teach
      fellow students about ethnic and cultural issues in patient care. Since then the
      workshop, which uses videotaped vignettes, discussions, and role-playing
      exercises, has become a required part of the Introduction to Clinical Medicine
      course for all second-year students. Evaluation of the program in 1985 compared
      pretest and posttest questionnaires. The participants showed improvement in
      understanding several specific issues discussed during the workshop, but overall
      no significant differences were found. In 1986 and 1987, evaluations were based
      upon the students' attitudes about content, format effectiveness, and subject
      matter. They consistently responded favorably in all these areas.

PMID- 3398018
TI  - Evaluation of a self-instructional method for improving doctor-patient
      communication.
AB  - The purpose of the project reported here was to develop and evaluate an
      educational intervention to improve the interviewing skills learned in medical
      school. Sixty fourth-year medical students in a required ambulatory care rotation
      were randomly selected and randomly assigned to one of four conditions. All
      students interviewed a simulated patient who presented with one of five main
      complaints, and the interview was videotaped. Students were assigned to a control
      group or to one of three intervention groups: viewing a self-instruction
      videotape, viewing and critiquing a videotape of their interview, or both of
      these activities. The students assigned to the control group did not participate
      in any educational interventions. At the end of the intervention period, the
      students again interviewed a simulated patient and were videotaped. The 120
      videotaped interviews were reliably rated by a scoring system developed by the
      project team. The postintervention interviews conducted by students in the two
      groups that used the self-instruction videotape received significantly higher
      ratings than those in the control group. These results suggest that this self
      instruction intervention can improve the interviewing skills of senior medical
      students.

PMID- 3398019
TI  - Graduating medical students' ratings of stresses, pleasures, and coping
      strategies.
AB  - The authors' objective in the study reported here was to gather data on the
      stress and coping of medical students in order to design a health promotion and
      wellness program. A retrospective questionnaire was completed by 71 of 157
      graduating seniors. Examinations, classwork, and financial responsibilities were
      considered the three most stressful aspects of medical education. The most
      uplifting items (that is, pleasant, happy, or satisfying experiences) were
      recreation and social interaction, although good examination performance was
      rated second highest. Planful problem-solving (that is, deliberate problem
      focused efforts to alter a situation) was the most frequently used form of
      coping, although four of the eight forms of coping assessed were used at least
      moderately often and all eight were used to some extent.

PMID- 3398020
TI  - Description and preliminary evaluation of an orientation module to teach general
      internal medicine.

PMID- 3398021
TI  - Use of peer ratings in a pediatric residency.

PMID- 3398022
TI  - Use of resident applicant feedback to improve a residency program's matching of
      highly ranked applicants.

PMID- 3398023
TI  - The training and use of nonmedical observers to evaluate the clinical skills of
      medical students.

PMID- 3398024
TI  - Board certification rates of majority and minority graduates of seven California
      medical schools.

PMID- 3398026
TI  - Teaching residents how to teach.

PMID- 3398025
TI  - A scheduling algorithm for medical student clerkships.

PMID- 3398027
TI  - Sub-ambient measurement of platelet function: the requirements for modification
      of a standard platelet aggregometer.
AB  - This methodological report documents the electro-mechanical modifications that
      were applied to a commercially available aggregometer, in order to achieve direct
      platelet aggregation measurement at sub-ambient temperatures. This development
      provides a facility, not previously available, for examining certain aspects of
      platelet physiology at any desired temperature. This innovation was primarily
      developed for investigating optimum storage parameters for platelets, as they
      apply to clinical blood transfusion practice. However, a wider scope of
      application is envisaged, including its use as both a general research tool, and
      eventually as an additional component of clinical measurement in the routine
      coagulation laboratory. Some illustrative data is briefly provided.

PMID- 3398028
TI  - A tester for nickel cadmium defibrillator batteries.
AB  - A microprocessor-controlled tester for nickel cadmium batteries is described.
      This versatile instrument allows up to three cycles of charge and discharge to be
      performed automatically, with results presented in hard-copy form. The tester
      determines whether defective cells are present in a battery by comparing the
      discharge characteristics with previously established values. Batteries can also
      be discharged in a way which simulates their use in defibrillators.

PMID- 3398029
TI  - An electronically controlled micro-welder.
AB  - An electronically controlled micro-welding apparatus has been designed and built
      for the manufacture of clinical electrodes. Using the principle of electrical
      resistance welding, the device is simple and inexpensive to construct, using
      readily available components. It is easy to operate and has proved to be a quick
      and reliable method of producing electrodes to the exact specifications of
      neurosurgeons.

PMID- 3398030
TI  - Functional electrical stimulation in the USA. Research visit of Dr I. D. Swain
      (October 1986).

PMID- 3398031
TI  - Observations on the resistance to drying of staphylococcal strains.
AB  - Death rates have been determined for staphylococcal strains dried on cotton
      blanket material and stored at room temperature in the dark and in the light.
      Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains that produced a golden
      pigment and had a wide distribution within the hospital survived for longer
      periods than MRSA strains that produced little pigment and had a restricted local
      distribution. Death rates of methicillin-sensitive strains of S. aureus at day 7
      were similar to those of the general epidemic MRSA strains, and there was no
      significant difference between the death rates at day 7 of the local epidemic
      MRSA strains and the coagulase-negative strains.

PMID- 3398032
TI  - Detection of Campylobacter pylori DNA by hybridisation with non-radioactive
      probes in comparison with a 32P-labelled probe.
AB  - A dot-blot hybridisation assay for the detection of Campylobacter pylori was used
      to compare a 32P-labelled probe with two biotinylated probes and a sulphonated
      probe. The minimum amount of pure C. pylori DNA that could be detected by the 32P
      labelled probe was 100 pg, which corresponded to 5 x 10(4) bacteria. A biotin
      labelled DNA (biotin-DNA) probe together with the BluGeneTM detection system
      produced by Bethesda Research Laboratories (BRL), and a sulphonated probe and
      ChemiprobeTM detection system (Orgenics) gave similar levels of sensitivity;
      nylon membranes could be used with both these non-radioactive detection systems.
      However, a photobiotin-labelled DNA (photobiotin-DNA) probe and detection system
      produced by Biotechnology Research Enterprises S.A. (BRESA) gave optimum results
      only with nitrocellulose membranes, and was quantitatively 100 times less
      sensitive than the other types of probe. The detection systems for the biotin-DNA
      and photobiotin-DNA probes produced non-specific reactions with crude bacterial
      blots of heterologous organisms; these non-specific reactions could be removed by
      treating the dot blots with proteinase K, but not by treatment with RNAase. The
      sulphonated probe and detection system did not give any reaction with
      heterologous organism blots.

PMID- 3398033
TI  - Cross-protection of infant mice against intestinal colonisation by Campylobacter
      jejuni: importance of heat-labile serotyping (Lior) antigens.
AB  - An association of the heat-labile antigens detected by the Lior serotyping scheme
      with ability to protect infant mice against gastrointestinal colonisation with
      Campylobacter jejuni has been established. Overall, 39 (57%) of 68 infant mice
      challenged with a heterologous strain of the same Lior serotype as the vaccine
      strain were protected, compared with 40 (85%) of 47 infants protected against a
      homologous challenge. In contrast, none of the infant mice challenged with a
      strain carrying the same heat-stable antigens (i.e., of the same Penner serotype
      as the vaccine strain) were protected.

PMID- 3398034
TI  - The faecal flora of two patients with food-related irritable bowel syndrome
      during challenge with symptom-provoking foods.
AB  - The faecal microbial flora of two patients with food-related irritable bowel
      syndrome was examined while they were on a diet excluding symptom-provoking
      foods, and then on a diet including such a food. The patients reacted differently
      to the challenge diet but some changes in faecal output, flora and short chain
      fatty acid content were seen.

PMID- 3398035
TI  - Non-immune immunoglobulin binding by "Haemophilus somnus".
AB  - In-vitro culture of Haemophilus somnus in liquid or solid media supplemented with
      bovine blood or serum resulted in non-immune binding of immunoglobulin (Ig) by
      the organism. This binding was independent of the antigen-combining site of the
      Ig molecule, since binding of an IgG preparation specific for the hapten
      dinitrophenol was unaffected by the presence of the homologous antigen.
      Quantitative comparison of the binding of Ig fragments Fab and Fc demonstrated
      that the non-immune binding occurred in the Fc region of bovine IgG. The isotypes
      of Ig that became bound to H. somnus included both bovine IgG subclasses (IgG1
      and IgG2), which were bound equally, and bovine IgM.

PMID- 3398037
TI  - Stigma and the self-concept of people with a mild mental handicap.
AB  - Twelve people with a mild mental handicap, their mothers and members of staff of
      Adult Training Centres were interviewed to explore their views on the subjects of
      stigma and handicap, and to establish the facts about the social life and
      autonomy of people with a mental handicap. It was found that all participants
      with a mental handicap were aware of the stigma attached to them. A minority of
      three conceived of themselves as 'essentially different' from non-handicapped
      people, while the majority of nine conceived of themselves as 'essentially the
      same'. In contrast, the majority of mothers viewed their sons and daughters as
      'essentially different' from non-handicapped people. These findings do not
      support the claim of the social constructionist theory of the self that people's
      self-concepts are primarily determined by the ways in which they are treated by
      the significant others. Rather, people with a mental handicap are aware of their
      own agency and clearly express their socio-emotional needs.

PMID- 3398036
TI  - Ionic dependence of bumetanide binding to the rabbit parotid Na/K/Cl
      cotransporter.
AB  - The Na/K/Cl-dependent component of the binding of the loop diuretic bumetanide to
      basolateral membrane vesicles from the rabbit parotid is studied. A Scatchard
      analysis indicates that this binding is due to a single high-affinity site with
      KD = 3.2 +/- 0.3 microM (n = 9) at 100 mM sodium, 100 mM potassium and 5 mM
      chloride. When KCl-dependent 22Na transport and tracer [3H]-bumetanide binding
      are monitored simultaneously as a function of (unlabeled) bumetanide
      concentration it is found that the K0.5 for bumetanide inhibition of both
      processes are identical indicating that the high-affinity bumetanide binding site
      studied here is identical with a bumetanide-inhibitory site on the Na/K/Cl
      cotransport system previously identified in this preparation (R.J. Turner. J.N.
      George and B.J. Baum, J. Membrane Biol. 94:143-152, 1986). High-affinity
      bumetanide binding exhibits a hyperbolic dependence on both [Na] and [K]
      consistent with Na/bumetanide and K/bumetanide binding stoichiometries of 1:1 and
      K0.5 values of approximately 33 mM for sodium and 23 mM for potassium. In
      contrast, the dependence on [Cl] is biphasic, with bumetanide binding increasing
      from 0 to 5 mM chloride and decreasing toward baseline levels thereafter.
      Scatchard analysis of this latter inhibitory effect of chloride indicates a
      competitive interaction with bumetanide in agreement with earlier indications
      that bumetanide inhibits Na/K/Cl cotransport at a chloride site. However, studies
      of the effects of various anions on bumetanide binding and 22Na transport show a
      poor correlation between the specificities of these two processes, suggesting
      that the inhibitory chloride site is not a chloride transport site.

PMID- 3398038
TI  - Rett syndrome: a survey of North American patients.
AB  - Parents of 63 North American girls with Rett syndrome filled out retrospective
      questionnaires in a project of the International Rett Syndrome Association, a
      parent group. No consistent pattern was revealed of possible etiological factors
      related to environmental insults; however, additional information gathered
      supported a genetic etiology. The survey included one pair of identical twins and
      one child with consanguineous parents. There were 46 male sibs and 34 female
      sibs. These data weigh against any theory relating etiology to a gene on the X
      chromosome which is lethal to males in utero. Figures were gathered on a number
      of clinical items. These were: onset of symptoms between 6 and 18 months of age,
      83%; autistic withdrawal, 73%; never walked independently, 23%; hyperventilators
      with abdominal swelling, 63%; night laughter, 83%. The average age of walking of
      those who walked was 19 months and the average onset of seizure disorders was
      between 3 1/2 and 4 years of age. This paper ends by discussing the limitations
      of a parent questionnaire.

PMID- 3398039
TI  - The Aberrant Behaviour Checklist: a British replication and extension of its
      psychometric properties.
AB  - The Aberrant Behaviour Checklist was administered to 209 British mentally
      handicapped adults in two large residential facilities. This sample included a
      substantial proportion (45%) of non-ambulant people not included in previous
      studies. The five-factor solution originally reported by Aman et al. (1985a) was
      replicated using both four-point ratings and dichotomously recoded rating. For
      both methods of scoring, the five scales derived from Aman et al.'s original
      factor analysis remained highly internally consistent. Dichotomously coded
      ratings may offer the advantage over four-point ratings of retaining the same
      factor structure with better reliability.

PMID- 3398040
TI  - Marriage in a young adult mentally retarded population.
AB  - Marriage was examined in a total population of mentally retarded young adults
      born in a 5-year period. No one with severe retardation had married. Among the
      mildly retarded, significantly fewer young people had married by age 22 than in a
      nonretarded comparison population, and the retarded young people who had married
      had significantly higher IQs than the remainder of the mildly retarded
      population. The retarded females had significantly more problems in their
      marriages than nonretarded comparisons. Nevertheless, the marriages of almost
      half the mildly retarded young women appeared to be working out well. The
      retarded young men were not significantly different from nonretarded comparisons.
      Marriages in which both partners were retarded had many problems.

PMID- 3398041
TI  - Microscopic tomography by laser scanning microscopy and its three-dimensional
      reconstruction.
AB  - We have developed a new confocal laser scanning microscope equipped with two
      galvanometer mirrors which swing the laser beam. With this set up we can observe
      large and fragile specimens. Using a focused laser beam as light source to
      minimize 'flare' and a pinhole in front of a photodetector to eliminate out-of
      focus data, we could obtain a depth-discriminated fluorescence image. The
      scanning apparatus of our system can eliminate mechanical vibration and sweep
      widely, to obtain images at a low magnification. A thinly sectioned image with
      high resolution and high contrast could be obtained optically from an in situ
      thick specimen. We have called this technique 'microscopic tomography'. Combining
      the laser scanning microscope with the colour image analyser generated semi
      automatically a three-dimensional picture of the biological material with
      information on its interior.

PMID- 3398042
TI  - Three-dimensional reconstruction of semi-gross biostructures using 'macroserials'
      -1-mm-thick serial organ slices.
AB  - A method for reconstructing a gross or semi-gross organ structure was developed
      in a pathological analysis of liver lobes surgically excised from patients with
      bile duct carcinoma, where the extent of the tumour was to be demonstrated three
      dimensionally. Fixed material was serially sliced with a ham-slicer, producing
      flawless slices as thin as 1 mm. Prior to slicing, the material was temporarily
      'embedded' in gelatine to hold it in shape throughout slicing. These slices
      ('macroserials') could be directly brought into macroscopic 3-D reconstruction,
      but in the case of bile duct carcinoma, microscopic examination of the slices was
      indispensable in determining the extent of carcinoma and precarcinomatous
      (dysplastic) changes. Slices 1 mm thick were embedded in paraffin using a special
      holder made of plywood plates which kept a slice in a flat, extended state
      through the dehydration process. This method of preparing thin slices not only
      allows the reconstruction of a gross organ structure with less effort than
      before, but also ensures a certain amount of accuracy in the reproduction of
      submacroscopic structures.

PMID- 3398043
TI  - The relative sensitivities of autoradiographic emulsions to negative chemography.
AB  - Nuclear emulsions from Ilford, Kodak (U.K.), Eastman Kodak and Sakura have been
      exposed under comparable conditions to sections known to cause negative
      chemography. Kodak AR-10 and Eastman Kodak NTB-2 and NTB-3 emulsions did not show
      negative chemography. Ilford K5, K2 and L4 and Sakura NR-M2 showed varying
      degrees of chemography. The results suggest a correlation between mean crystal
      diameter and susceptibility to this artefact.

PMID- 3398044
TI  - Geometric correction of digital images using orthonormal decomposition.
AB  - We have developed an algorithm which can be used to correct the geometric
      distortion of digital images. The method uses an orthonormal decomposition and a
      two-dimensional Horner's scheme to construct and evaluate a polynomial equation
      of arbitrary degree in two independent variables. This numerical scheme for
      geometric correction combines several methods selected on the basis of their
      computation efficiency and numerical stability. The differences and advantages of
      this numerical scheme are compared with methods found in the image processing
      literature. The algorithm presented here has a reduced number of mathematical
      operations, is flexible and numerically stable. Based on the least-squares
      criteria, the algorithm provides corrected pixel positions with an accuracy equal
      to or better than the pixel size.

PMID- 3398045
TI  - Medial collateral ligament tears of the knee: a new approach.

PMID- 3398046
TI  - Discovery: anatomy of and some experiences with.

PMID- 3398047
TI  - Hydrophilicity of polar amino acid side-chains is markedly reduced by flanking
      peptide bonds.
AB  - Several amino acid side-chain hydropathy scales have been devised on the basis of
      solubility and water/organic solvent partitioning data obtained with free amino
      acids or side-chain analogs. In nearly all cases, these scales are based upon the
      structure-additivity assumption; it has been assumed that the transfer free
      energies of the amino acid side-chains are the same in these model compounds as
      they are in a polypeptide. This assumption is probably wrong. In the present
      study, deviations from additivity for amino acid side-chains are demonstrated by
      comparing a theoretically derived scale, which N-acetylamino acid amides. The
      results show that the flanking peptide bonds dramatically reduce the
      hydrophilicity of the polar side-chains, with deviations up to several
      kilocalories (1 kcal = 4.184 kJ) for the charged side-chains at pH 7.0. Further
      calculation shows that these deviations are due to reductions of 40 to 85% in the
      unfavorable transfer free energy of the polar functional groups. In addition,
      proximity of the neighboring amide bonds in the parent molecule (N-acetylglycine
      amide) decreases the hydrophilicity of the -CONH-backbone unit by 36%. This
      decrease is expected to be twice as large for -CONH- units in the interior of a
      polypeptide backbone. The significance of these observations is: (1) valid
      hydropathy scales can be obtained only with model peptides; (2) deviations from
      additivity are expected in all solvent systems, including non-polar solvents that
      are thought to mimic the interior of a membrane; (3) the spontaneous insertion of
      polypeptides into membranes is likely to occur much more readily than has been
      previously thought. In order to estimate the free energy of transferring the side
      chains and the polypeptide backbone from water to the interior of a lipid
      bilayer, the results of this study are used to construct a hydropathy scale based
      upon the partitioning of solutes between water and non-polar solvents. The
      validity of hydropathy scales that are based on criteria other than solubility
      and water/organic solvent partitioning data is also discussed.

PMID- 3398048
TI  - Structure of the lamprey yolk lipid-protein complex lipovitellin-phosvitin at 2.8
      A resolution.
AB  - The X-ray crystallographic structure of the lipid-protein complex lipovitellin
      phosvitin has been determined with the multiple isomorphous replacement method
      using four heavy-atom derivatives. Lamprey yolk lipovitellin-phosvitin is a
      dimeric molecule of molecular weight 352,000. The monomer consists of three
      polypeptide chains. The smallest is known as phosvitin and has an extremely high
      phosphoserine content. The monomeric unit also contains about 16% (w/w) of non
      covalently bound lipid, probably in a monolayer or bilayer-like configuration.
      Within each monomer is a "cavity" or region of low electron density. The cavity
      has a volume of about 68,000 A3 and is believed to contain the lipid in a
      presumably disordered state. The cavity is roughly conical in shape and is lined
      on two sides by seven and eight-stranded antiparallel beta-sheets. The base of
      the cavity opens away from the intersubunit interface, but appears partially
      closed off from solvent regions by additional antiparallel beta-sheet structure.
      The beta-sheets lining the sides of the cavity are surrounded by a shell of two
      curved layers of 16 interconnected helices. The helices in either layer of the
      shell are all roughly parallel to each other and antiparallel to all of the
      helices of the other layer. The connectivity of the helices resembles a
      "superhelix" and is different from the connectivities seen in proteins containing
      four-helix bundles. There are an estimated 1300 amino acids in lamprey
      lipovitellin-phosvitin and almost 1000 alanine residues have been modeled into
      electron density. The remaining residues are assumed to be disordered.

PMID- 3398049
TI  - Phycocyanin aggregation. A small angle neutron scattering and size exclusion
      chromatographic study.
AB  - The influence of environmental factors on the aggregation properties of
      phycocyanin from Synechocystis 6701 was studied by small angle neutron scattering
      and high-pressure size-exclusion liquid chromatography. Phycocyanin was found to
      exist in a reversible equilibrium between the monomer, trimer and hexamer forms.
      The distribution of the protein between these oligomers is determined by the pH,
      buffer composition and ionic strength of the medium, and protein concentration.
      Phycocyanin was in a stable hexameric state at pH 5.0 to 6.0 at a concentration
      of 1 to 10 mg/ml, and was primarily in a trimeric state at pH 8.0 at a
      concentration of about 5 mg/ml. Comparison of the small angle scattering data
      with the computed scattering curve for a hollow cylinder was used to determine
      the dimensions of the best-fit model by a least-squares fitting procedure. The
      outer radius, inner radius and height of the phycocyanin hexamer were found to be
      54.1, 12.0 and 61.4 A (1 A = 0.1 nm), respectively, and the corresponding
      dimensions for the trimer were 54.5, 14.0 and 33.0 A. The molecular weight ratio
      for phycocyanin hexamer was determined to be 217,000. The dimensions and
      molecular weight ratios of phycocyanin from Synechocystis 6701 obtained by
      solution scattering are similar to the values for Mastigocladus laminosus
      obtained by X-ray crystallography.

PMID- 3398050
TI  - Crystallization of halophilic malate dehydrogenase from Halobacterium
      marismortui.
AB  - Malate dehydrogenase from the extreme halophile Halobacterium marismortui
      crystallizes in highly concentrated phosphate solution in space group 12 with
      cell dimensions a = 113.8 A, b = 122.8 A, c = 126.7 A, beta = 98.1 degrees. The
      halophilic enzyme was found to be unstable at lower concentrations of phosphate.
      It associates with unusually large amounts of water and salt, and the combined
      particle volume shows a tight fit in the unit cell.

PMID- 3398051
TI  - Crystallization of haloalkane dehalogenase from Xanthobacter autotrophicus GJ10.
AB  - Haloalkane dehalogenases are enzymes that release chloride or bromide from n
      halogenated alkanes. X-ray quality crystals of haloalkane dehalogenase from the
      1,2-dichloroethane-degrading bacterium Xanthobacter autotrophicus GJ10 have been
      grown at room temperature from 64% saturated ammonium sulfate solutions (pH 6.2
      to 6.4). The crystals diffract in the X-ray beam to at least 2.4 A resolution (1
      A = 0.1 nm). Their space group is P2(1)2(1)2, with cell dimensions a = 94.1 A, b
      = 72.8 A, c = 41.4 A and alpha = beta = gamma = 90 degrees. There is one monomer
      (molecular weight 36,000) per asymmetric unit.

PMID- 3398052
TI  - Preliminary X-ray analysis of crystals of murine adenosine deaminase.
AB  - We have obtained single crystals of a cloned mammalian adenosine deaminase (Mr =
      41,000), a key enzyme in purine degradation and in normal development of the
      immune system, that are suitable for high-resolution structural analysis. The
      crystals belong to the space group C2 with unit cell parameters a = 101.68 A (1 A
      = 0.1 nm), b = 94.38 A, c = 85.51 A, and beta = 96.54 degrees. The asymmetric
      unit contains two enzyme molecules.

PMID- 3398053
TI  - Adenine nucleotide metabolites are beneficial for recovery of cardiac contractile
      force after hypoxia.
AB  - In a previous study, we demonstrated a significant release of adenosine, inosine
      and hypoxanthine during hypoxia and subsequent reoxygenation. The present study
      was designed to determine whether or not exogenous adenosine, inosine and
      hypoxanthine are beneficial for the recovery of hypoxia-induced loss of cardiac
      contractile force. Hearts were perfused for 20 min under hypoxic conditions,
      followed by 45 min-perfusion under reoxygenated conditions, and changes in
      contractile force, resting tension and metabolic parameters of the perfused heart
      were examined. When either adenosine, inosine or hypoxanthine were exogenously
      infused during hypoxia at the rate of 3 mumol/min, remarkable recovery (61 to
      68%) of cardiac contractile force was observed upon reoxygenation. The recovery
      was accompanied by a significant restoration of myocardial ATP (90 to 100%) and
      CP contents (80 to 86%), suggesting that exogenous metabolites are utilized for
      the restoration of myocardial ATP during reoxygenation, which may lead to a
      beneficial recovery of hypoxia-induced loss of cardiac contractile force upon
      reoxygenation. Infusion of exogenous metabolites also resulted in an almost
      complete inhibition of hypoxia- and reoxygenation-induced release of creatine
      phosphokinase from the perfused heart as well as a significant depression of
      hypoxia-induced calcium accumulation in the cardiac tissue. Since these phenomena
      are considered to represent increases in cell membrane permeability, protection
      of the myocardium against hypoxia- and reoxygenation-induced changes in cell
      membrane permeability may be an alternative mechanism for the beneficial effect
      of adenosine, inosine and hypoxanthine on the hypoxic myocardium.

PMID- 3398054
TI  - Reperfusion-induced arrhythmias in the isolated rabbit heart: characterization of
      the influence of the duration of regional ischemia and the extracellular
      potassium concentration.
AB  - The systematic investigation of the genesis and control of arrhythmias during
      ischemia and reperfusion requires a reproducible preparation in which arrhythmias
      can be induced with relative ease. The requirements for appropriate statistical
      analysis often requires that large numbers of animals be studied and hence cost
      becomes an important factor. The rat offers many advantages but is often
      criticized on the basis of its atypical action potential and a need exists for an
      alternative small animal model. The guinea-pig, because of its highly
      collateralized coronary circulation, cannot be used for the induction of regional
      ischemia and the rabbit is often dismissed on the grounds that it has a low
      incidence of arrhythmias. In the present study we have shown that if the
      perfusion conditions (duration of ischemia and extracellular potassium
      concentrations) are appropriately selected then the rabbit heart exhibits a high
      and reproducible susceptibility to reperfusion-induced arrhythmias. Hearts (n =
      10 in each group) were subjected to 20 min of regional ischemia induced by
      coronary artery ligation, the potassium concentration of the perfusate being
      2.50, 2.75, 3.00, 3.25, 3.50 or 4.38 mM. A bell-shaped relationship was
      demonstrated with an optimum susceptibility at 3.00 mM where 60% of the hearts
      exhibited reperfusion-induced ventricular fibrillation and 80% of the hearts
      exhibited ventricular tachycardia. With concentration of potassium above 3.00 mM
      there was a progressive decline in susceptibility (only one out of ten hearts
      fibrillated when potassium was 4.38 mM). With concentrations of potassium below
      3.00 mM there was also a reduction in susceptibility to fibrillation. Using an
      optimally arrhythmogenic concentration of 3.00 mM potassium, hearts (n = 10 in
      each group) were subjected to 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 or 40 min of regional ischemia
      followed by 5 min reperfusion. A bell-shaped time-susceptibility curve was
      obtained such that with increasing durations of ischemia from 20 to 30 min there
      was an increasing incidence of reperfusion-induced arrhythmias. Beyond this
      optimum (at which 60% exhibited reperfusion-induced ventricular fibrillation)
      there was a decline in the susceptibility of the hearts to fibrillation. Heart
      rate and coronary flow exhibited no consistent significant relationship with
      either potassium concentration or duration of regional ischemia. Studies of the
      time of onset and duration of reperfusion-induced arrhythmias showed that 90% of
      arrhythmias were initiated within the first 60 s of reperfusion but that the
      duration was highly variable.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3398055
TI  - Free radicals and calcium: simultaneous interacting triggers as determinants of
      vulnerability to reperfusion-induced arrhythmias in the rat heart.
AB  - Using the isolated perfused rat heart with regional ischemia and reperfusion, we
      have two antiarrhythmic interventions (the spin trap agent PBN [N-tert-butyl
      alpha-phenylnitrone] and perfusate calcium reduction), administered just before
      reperfusion, to investigate mechanisms determining the vulnerability of the heart
      to reperfusion-induced ventricular fibrillation. Hearts were subjected to
      regional ischemia (5, 10, 20, 30 or 40 min) followed by reperfusion. Four groups
      were studied for each ischemic time: (i) control hearts with no antiarrhythmic
      intervention; (ii) hearts perfused with PBN (30 mumol/l) during the final 1 min
      of ischemia and throughout reperfusion, (iii) hearts perfused with low-calcium
      buffer (0.4 mmol/l) during the final 1 min of ischemia and throughout reperfusion
      and (iv) hearts perfused with PBN (30 mumol/l) and low-calcium (0.4 mmol/l)
      during the final 1 min of ischemia and throughout reperfusion. In control hearts,
      a bell-shaped time-vulnerability curve was obtained with 0, 91, 67, 33 and 17% of
      the hearts exhibiting irreversible fibrillation during reperfusion after 5, 10,
      20, 30 and 40 min of ischemia, respectively. In the PBN group, the values were 8,
      41 (P less than 0.05), 41, 33 and 8%, respectively. In the calcium reduction
      group the values were 17, 50, 8 (P less than 0.05), 8 and 0, respectively. Thus,
      PBN caused a significant reduction in reperfusion-induced ventricular
      fibrillation after 10 min of ischemia but had no significant effect with
      reperfusion after 20 min of ischemia. In contrast, calcium reduction had no
      significant effect after 10 min of ischemia but caused a significant reduction
      after 20 min of ischemia. When PBN treatment with calcium reduction were combined
      we obtained significant anti-arrhythmic effects after both 10 min (P less than
      0.05) and 20 min (P less than 0.05) of ischemia. The additive effects of these
      two interventions, and the different ischemic-times after which they are most
      effective, has led us to propose that multiple triggers, each with different
      underlying mechanisms may be capable of initiating events which lead to
      ventricular fibrillation.

PMID- 3398056
TI  - A crucial role of ongoing anaerobic glycolysis in attenuating acute ischemia
      induced release of myocardial noradrenaline.
AB  - The myocardial energy requirements of the noradrenergic nerve terminal to retain
      its transmitter during acute myocardial ischemia were examined in the isolated
      perfused rat heart. In hearts perfused with glucose as exogenous substrate no
      increased release of noradrenaline (NA) could be detected during ischemia. In
      contrast, an increased efflux of NA was seen from glucose-perfused hearts when
      the glycolytic pathway was inhibited with 0.5 mM iodacetic acid. Accordingly,
      induction of ischemia in glycogen-depleted hearts (in the absence of exogenous
      substrate) or in hearts perfused with either lactate, pyruvate or acetate was
      also associated with a marked efflux of NA. However, no efflux was detected from
      glycogen-depleted hearts when glucose was present during the ischemic period.
      Uncoupling of oxidative metabolism with 0.1 mM 2.4-dinitrophenol did not cause
      any increased loss of NA during ischemia. In conclusion, these results
      demonstrate that severe restriction in coronary flow is accompanied by increased
      release of myocardial NA. Furthermore, maintainance of anaerobic glycolysis is of
      crucial importance for retention of the noradrenergic transmitter during ischemic
      conditions.

PMID- 3398057
TI  - Collagen chain mRNAs in isolated heart cells from young and adult rats.
AB  - Collagen is the predominant component of the extracellular matrix of the heart,
      where it is organized in a hierarchy of structures. To establish the cellular
      origin of the various collagen types, type I-procollagen alpha 2 chain and types
      III and IV collagen mRNAs were examined in preparations of myocytes and non
      myocyte heart cells freshly isolated from rats 1 to 6 months old. The
      cardiomyocytes appeared morphologically intact and functionally competent.
      Fibroblast-like cells predominated in the non-myocyte cell fractions but
      endothelial and smooth muscle cells were also present. RNA from whole ventricular
      tissue served as a control. Northern and dot blot analyses were used to establish
      the presence or absence of mRNAs. In RNA prepared from whole ventricular tissue,
      the mRNAs for alpha-, beta-, and gamma-actin isotypes were detected whereas mRNA
      for alpha-actin was found in myocytes and those for beta- and gamma-actins were
      found in non-myocyte cells, confirming further the nature of the cell
      populations. Procollagen types I and III mRNAs were not detected in the total RNA
      of cardiomyocytes but mRNA for type IV collagen was present. The mRNAs for all
      three collagen types were present in the non-myocyte cells. These results suggest
      that in the rat heart the non-myocyte cells, probably fibroblasts, are
      responsible for interstitial collagen production. Both cell populations may
      engage in the formation of basement membrane collagen type IV.

PMID- 3398058
TI  - Oxfenicine-induced accumulation of lipid in the rat myocardium.
AB  - Oxfenicine inhibits myocardial metabolism of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA).
      The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of oxfenicine on
      triglyceride accumulation and the development of histologically visible lipid
      droplets. The beta-agonist isoproterenol was used to induce elevated arterial
      NEFA. Four groups of rats were used in the experiment (12 to 14 rats in each
      group), and each group received two subcutaneous injections, the second injection
      25 min after the first, of oxfenicine-isoproterenol, oxfenicine-saline, saline
      isoproterenol and saline twice, respectively. One hour after the second
      injection, the rats were anesthetized, and the hearts from six rats from each
      group were quickly removed and frozen for later analysis of triglyceride content.
      From the remaining rats blood samples were drawn for NEFA analysis, and biopsies
      were taken from the left ventricular wall before the hearts were frozen in liquid
      nitrogen and prepared for analysis of esters of carnitine and CoA. Quantitative
      morphometric techniques were used to determine the fractional volume of lipid
      droplets in myocardial biopsies. Our results show a marked increase in the
      triglyceride and lipid droplet content in all groups receiving oxfenicine or
      isoproterenol. The effect was most pronounced after treatment with both drugs.
      The close association between the increase in triglyceride and lipid droplet
      supports the notion that the lipid droplets are composed of triglycerides. Our
      finding that oxfenicine induces lipid droplet accumulation independent of NEFA
      increase supports the hypothesis that oxfenicine exerts its effect by inhibiting
      carnitine acyl transferase.

PMID- 3398059
TI  - Brief sexual counseling for medical patients: a workshop for training
      professionals.
AB  - Most sexual concerns and dysfunctions in medical patients are unrecognized
      because neither patient nor health care team addresses the issue. A 5-day
      workshop is presented in detail so that clinicians specializing in treating
      sexual problems can educate primary care professionals in assessing sexual
      problems and providing brief sexual counseling. Suggestions for truncating the
      workshop or tailoring it to specific audiences are also included.

PMID- 3398060
TI  - Toward a classification of sex and sexual behavior.
AB  - This paper presents a classification of sexual behaviors bases on Foa and Foa's
      resource exchange theory. They postulated six classes of resources: information,
      services, possessions, money, love, and status. We expanded and applied this
      theory to sexual behavior through three modalities: 1) Doing (information and
      services), which relates to sex as performance; 2) Having (possessions and
      money), which relates to sex as product; and 3) Being (love and status), which
      relates to sex as presence. Implications of this framework for sexual deviations,
      empirical verification, diagnostic evaluation, and therapeutic interventions are
      discussed.

PMID- 3398061
TI  - Intimacy disorders and sexual panic states.
AB  - This paper explores the question: Is sexual avoidance a manifestation of
      intrapsychic barriers to emotional closeness? In some cases it clearly is, but in
      other cases it is the result of other determinants such as a partner's excessive
      demands for intimacy and communication and his or her intolerance for even normal
      emotional distance. Our finding that couples with this dynamic and with sexual
      aversions have an unusually high prevalence of panic disorder is considered in
      the light of its clinical implications.

PMID- 3398062
TI  - Widowhood, sexuality and aging: a life span analysis.
AB  - In an attempt to evaluate how widows of various ages adapt sexually to loss of a
      marital partner, 100 relatively healthy, community-dwelling widows between the
      ages of 40 and 89 completed a reliable 101-item questionnaire which evaluated
      three major areas: 1) barriers to sexual expression posed by age-related changes
      in body image, mood state and environmental context; 2) degree of unhappiness
      associated with loss of various marriage-oriented activities; and 3) perceived
      utility of various activities which indirectly might satisfy sexual and
      affectional needs. Controlling for income, education, heterosocial involvement,
      and family contact, and using level of morale and depression as corroborative
      measures, results showed specific age differences across variables assessed. In
      particular, younger widows, when compared with their older counterparts, viewed
      changes in body image, the dearth of unattached men, and limited financial
      resources for social activities as representing significant sexual barriers.
      Increasing age of the widow was associated with lower unhappiness ratings with
      loss of marriage-related activities. For the sample as a whole, greater
      unhappiness was expressed with the loss of nonsexual, heterosocial activity
      (e.g., conversation with a man, going places with a man). Results also indicated
      that, regardless of the widow's age, activities pertaining to her children and
      grandchildren, wearing attractive clothing, and expressing her spirituality are
      all effective in meeting affectional and sexual needs. Results are discussed
      within the context of older female sexuality, affectional adaptation to
      widowhood, and therapeutic implications directed at this neglected group.

PMID- 3398063
TI  - The criterion validity of the Waring Intimacy Questionnaire in a psychiatric
      inpatient sample.
AB  - The Waring Intimacy Questionnaire (WIQ) is a 90-item self-report instrument for
      assessing the quality and quantity of marital intimacy. It provides a profile of
      the marital relationship on eight subscales as well as providing a Total Intimacy
      score. The WIQ is shown to have the internal structure predicted by its
      underlying conceptual model. In this study, it was administered to a psychiatric
      inpatient sample along with the Marital Satisfaction Inventory (MSI), the Short
      Marital Adjustment Test (SMAT), and the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS). Results
      suggested that the WIQ demonstrated criterion validity with respect to these
      other instruments.

PMID- 3398064
TI  - Accrual to clinical trials.

PMID- 3398065
TI  - Can a clinical trial be the treatment of choice for patients with cancer?

PMID- 3398066
TI  - Analysis of agreement among findings of pathologists in ED01 experiment.
AB  - The ED01 experiment, which involved determination of the effective dose to
      produce a 1% tumor rate, was carried out by the National Center for Toxicological
      Research (NCTR). The study involved greater than 20,000 BALB/c female mice
      exposed to various doses of 2-acetylaminofluorene, a chemical known to produce
      bladder and liver carcinomas. After death, tissues from each animal were
      evaluated for the presence of several types of tumors by one of a team of NCTR
      pathologists. After the ED01 experiment was completed, the Society of Toxicology
      commissioned another pathologist to carry out an independent review of the
      bladder and liver specimens from a stratified sample of the mice. There were
      substantial differences in the diagnoses of both tumor types by the pathologists,
      but the implications for detection of a dose-response relationship are important
      only for liver carcinomas.

PMID- 3398067
TI  - Examination of the role of cigarette smoke in lung carcinogenesis using
      multistage models.
AB  - The widely used multistage model of Armitage and Doll is fit to the British
      physician lung cancer data of Doll and Hill under the assumption that cigarette
      smoke induces the initial and penultimate changes. It is shown that the best fit
      of this model in continuing smokers gives predictions not in accordance with
      incidence in ex-smokers and dose-response. A better global fit can be obtained by
      increasing the number of stages, but this de-emphasizes initiation and is
      inconsistent with the rise of incidence in nonsmokers. Thus, one should look to
      other models. A two-stage model with clonal growth in which smoking initiates
      normal target cells and promotes the clonal growth of just the smoke-initiated
      cells is proposed. This model is shown to agree with the Doll and Hill data and
      thus it has empirical plausibility that should encourage biological studies of
      clonal growth in carcinogenesis.

PMID- 3398068
TI  - Phase I trial of multiple large doses of murine monoclonal antibody CO17-1A. I.
      Clinical aspects.
AB  - Twenty-five patients with metastatic gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma received one
      to four infusions (400 mg) of murine monoclonal antibody CO17-1A. Eleven patients
      had mild gastrointestinal symptoms, and one had a transient flushing episode. Two
      of five who received three weekly infusions had readily reversible anaphylactic
      reactions at the time of the third infusion (day 15). There were no other toxic
      effects. One patient had a complete remission and is surviving at greater than
      104 weeks, and four had stable disease. The median survival for the whole group
      was 57 weeks. In general, the antibody infusions were well tolerated but had
      modest antitumor effects.

PMID- 3398069
TI  - Phase I trial of multiple large doses of murine monoclonal antibody CO17-1A. II.
      Pharmacokinetics and immune response.
AB  - Twenty-five patients with metastatic gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma received one
      to four infusions of large doses (400 mg) of murine monoclonal antibody CO17-1A
      (17-1A). The pharmacokinetics of 17-1A at the time of first, second, third, or
      fourth infusion were not statistically different; plasma half-lives were 15.0 +/-
      1.7 hours (n = 5), 15.1 +/- 1.8 (n = 10), 25.3 +/- 6.2 (n = 3), and 14.4 +/- 1.8
      (n = 5), respectively. Most patients had an antibody response to 17-1A, with peak
      levels occurring 15-22 days after infusion. The presence of serum antibody to 17
      1A at the time of the second or third infusion did not significantly alter the
      pharmacokinetics of this large dose of antibody. Four of 25 patients failed to
      develop an antibody response, but this did not correlate with the amount of 17-1A
      administered. The administration of four doses of 400 mg over 1 week provided
      continuously circulating 17-1A for 10 days.

PMID- 3398070
TI  - Prior exposure to medical and dental x-rays related to tumors of the parotid
      gland.
AB  - Findings from this population-based study in Los Angeles County suggest, for the
      first time, that tumors of the parotid gland are related to prior exposure to
      diagnostic medical and dental radiography. Responses to interviews with 408
      patients with a parotid tumor (269 benign tumors and 139 malignant tumors) were
      compared to responses of 408 neighborhood controls. Cumulative exposure of the
      parotid gland from diagnostic radiography was associated with a dose-related
      increase in risk of malignant tumors (P for trend less than .05; relative risk
      for exposure to greater than or equal to 50 rad = 3.4; 95% confidence interval =
      1.02-11.46). Benign tumors showed a weaker positive association, and exposure
      before age 20 to a major diagnostic examination (full-mouth or panoramic dental
      radiography or medical radiography to the head) increased risk (relative risk =
      1.8; confidence interval = 1.13-2.91). This study also confirmed the association
      of malignant tumors with prior radiation treatment to the head or neck; 28% of
      these tumors are attributable to exposure of the parotid gland from diagnostic
      and therapeutic radiation.

PMID- 3398071
TI  - Shift from polyploidizing to nonpolyploidizing growth in carcinogen-treated rat
      liver.
AB  - Liver growth patterns in normal and carcinogen-treated young Wistar Kyoto rats
      were analyzed in terms of absolute hepatocyte numbers and ploidy distributions,
      calculated from DNA measurements made by flow cytometry and microscope counts of
      binucleated cells. Polyploidizing growth was observed during normal liver
      development, dominated by progressive polyploidization and a decrease in the
      number of diploid cells. Nonpolyploidizing growth was seen during liver
      regeneration and after treatment with 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF). This mode of
      growth was characterized by an increase in all mononucleated ploidy classes in
      the absence of net polyploidization (no increase in binucleated cells).
      Additional diploid proliferation was detected after initiation with
      diethylnitrosamine followed by promotion with AAF. This selectively expanding
      diploid hepatocyte population, which persisted after AAF withdrawal, could
      represent the AAF-promoted progeny of diethylnitrosamine-altered cells with
      constitutive nonpolyploidizing growth properties.

PMID- 3398072
TI  - Maintenance of androgen responsiveness by glucocorticoids in Shionogi mammary
      carcinoma cells in culture.
AB  - The possibility that glucocorticoids can delay or prevent loss of responsiveness
      to androgens in androgen-deprived cells was investigated. While a complete loss
      of responsiveness to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) was observed within 60 days of
      androgen deprivation, addition of the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone
      (DEX) delayed both the loss of growth responsiveness to DHT and the increase in
      spontaneous growth rate by approximately equal to 60 days. When the growth
      response to DEX was studied, the changes found were similar to those described
      above for DHT, namely loss of response following steroid deprivation and
      preservation of response in cells preincubated with DHT or DEX. In addition, long
      term incubation in the presence of DEX was accompanied by low-amplitude
      stimulation of cell growth at extremely low concentrations of DHT and DEX,
      suggesting that androgen- and glucocorticoid-hypersensitive cell clones developed
      during androgen deprivation. The present data show that long-term incubation of
      androgen-sensitive Shionogi cells leads not only to an increase in the
      spontaneous growth rate, but also to the appearance of androgen- and
      glucocorticoid-hypersensitive cells, which may well play an important role in the
      development of resistance to endocrine therapy in human hormone-sensitive
      cancers. Although it is not as efficient as DHT, the glucocorticoid DEX can delay
      the loss of androgen sensitivity in this cell line.

PMID- 3398073
TI  - Combination of glucagon and low-dose metoclopramide in management of cisplatin
      induced nausea and vomiting.

PMID- 3398074
TI  - Teratological evaluations of atrazine technical, a triazine herbicide, in rats
      and rabbits.
AB  - Atrazine technical was evaluated for its embryotoxic, fetotoxic, and teratogenic
      potential in both rats and rabbits. The compound was orally administered at doses
      of 0, 10, 70, or 700 mg/kg.d to groups of rats on gestational d 6-15, while
      rabbits were administered doses of 0, 1, 5, or 75 mg/kg.d on gestational d 7-19.
      Maternal toxicity was observed at doses greater than or equal to 70 mg/kg.d in
      rats and at doses greater than or equal to 5 mg/kg.d in rabbits. Minor fetal
      effects, concurrent with maternal toxicity, were observed in rats at doses
      greater than or equal to 70 mg/kg.d. Among rabbits, fetal effects concurrent with
      severe maternal toxicity were only observed at the 75 mg/kg.d dose level. There
      were no adverse maternal or fetal effects in either rats or rabbits at the low
      dose levels. These findings indicated that pregnant rabbits were more sensitive
      than pregnant rats to the effects produced by atrazine technical and the compound
      was not teratogenic at maternally toxic dose levels in either species.

PMID- 3398076
TI  - Mutagenic potential of binary mixtures of nitro-polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins
      and related compounds.
AB  - The mutagenic potential of binary mixtures of nitro-polychlorinated dibenzo-p
      dioxins and other environmentally related compounds was determined using
      Salmonella typhimurium strain TA98 in the standard plate incorporation assay.
      Samples tested included binary mixtures of 4-nitro-4'-chlorobiphenyl with 6-nitro
      4,2',3',4',5'-pentachlorobiphenyl, 4-nitrobenzo-p-dioxin with 4-nitro-2,3,8
      trichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, and benzo[a]pyrene with either
      nitropentachlorobiphenyl or nitrotrichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. Inhibition was the
      primary interaction observed for the mixtures of polyhalogenated dioxins or
      biphenyls with the direct-acting mutagens nitrodibenzo-p-dioxin or
      nitrochlorobiphenyl. At the highest dose tested, nitrotrichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
      inhibited the bacterial mutagenicity of nitrodibenzo-p-dioxin by almost 50%,
      while pentachlorobiphenyl inhibited the mutagenicity of nitrobiphenyl by 34%.
      Conversely, synergism was the primary interaction observed for mixtures of
      halogenated aromatics with the promutagen benzo[a]pyrene. The addition of
      nitrotrichlorodioxin to benzo[a]pyrene enhanced the mutagenicity of the latter
      compound by as much as 70%, while the mutagenic potential of a mixture of
      benzo[a]pyrene and nitropentachlorobiphenyl was approximately 50% greater than
      the mutagenicity of benzo[a]pyrene alone. In summary, mixtures of nonmutagenic
      nitropolyhalogenated biphenyls or dibenzo-p-dioxins appear to inhibit the
      mutagenicity of direct-acting mutagens, while these same compounds seem to
      enhance the mutagenic potential of the promutagen benzo[a]pyrene.

PMID- 3398075
TI  - Female reproduction and pup survival and growth for mice fed a cadmium-containing
      purified diet through six consecutive rounds of gestation and lactation.
AB  - Female CF1 mice were bred for 6 consecutive, 42-d rounds of gestation-lactation.
      Their purified diets contained cadmium added at either 0.25, 5.0, or 50.0 ppm Cd;
      at each cadmium level, the diets were either sufficient or deficient in certain
      vitamins, minerals, and fat. The deficient diet at 5 ppm cadmium was designed to
      simulate conditions implicated in the etiology of itai-itai disease among
      multiparous women in Japan. Fertility, litter size, pup survival, and pup growth
      (weaning weight) are reported for mice on the six diets during each of the six
      rounds of gestation/lactation. Except for fertility, decreases in reproductive
      measures that occurred in response to dietary deficiencies or cadmium during
      round 1 of reproduction were repeated, unchanged in magnitude, in each successive
      round. For sufficient diet groups, 50 ppm cadmium had no effect on fertility or
      pup survival during lactation, but caused a 15% decrease in litter size at birth
      and a 25% decrease in pup growth. Dietary deficiencies alone decreased all four
      measures of reproductive performance: fertility by 12%, litter size by 30%, pup
      survival by 18%, and pup growth by 42%. In addition, dietary deficiencies
      strikingly decreased the incidence of consecutive pregnancies. Combined effects
      of 50 ppm cadmium and dietary deficiencies were additive for all reproductive
      measures except fertility; for fertility, cadmium caused no decrease in the
      fertility of sufficient-diet animals, but caused a striking 45% decrease in
      deficient-diet animals. Relating our results to humans, women who contracted itai
      itai disease (analogous to mice on the deficient, 5 ppm cadmium diet), in
      addition to their characteristic bone disease, could have experienced decreases
      in fertility and in growth of their offspring related to their dietary
      deficiencies. In addition, their diet-related decreases in fertility could have
      been enhanced by their combined exposure to cadmium.

PMID- 3398077
TI  - Evaluation of tissue disposition, myelopoietic, and immunologic responses in mice
      after long-term exposure to nickel sulfate in the drinking water.
AB  - Female B6C3F1 mice were exposed to graded doses of nickel sulfate to determine a
      threshold response for myelotoxicity and immunotoxicity, and to identify which of
      the populations of lymphoreticular cells were most sensitive to the toxic effects
      of nickel. Animals were given free access to the chemical in the drinking water
      at 0, 1, 5, or 10 g/l for 180 d. Water consumption, blood and tissue nickel
      concentrations, body and organ weights, histopathology, immune responses, bone
      marrow cellularity and proliferation, and cellular enzyme activities were
      evaluated. There was no mortality. Mice in the 5-g/l and 10-g/l dose groups drank
      less water than controls; the responses measured in the 10-g/l group may have
      been due to a combination of dehydration and chemical toxicity. Decreases in body
      and organ weights were confined to mice in the 10-g/l dose group, except for the
      dose-related reductions in thymus weights. Blood nickel was measured at 4, 8, 16,
      and 23 wk of exposure. The mean blood nickel values showed increases between 4
      and 8 wk that were proportional to time and dose; thereafter there was no
      substantial increase in blood nickel in any of the dose groups, except for an
      increase in the mean blood concentration in the 10-g/l group at 23 wk. The kidney
      was the major organ of nickel accumulation. The primary toxic effects of nickel
      sulfate were expressed in the myeloid system. There were dose-related decreases
      in bone marrow cellularity, and in granulocyte-macrophage and pluripotent stem
      cell proliferative responses. In unfractionated bone marrow cells glucose-6
      phosphate dehydrogenase enzyme activity from the hexose monophosphate shunt was
      more sensitive to nickel sulfate than were representative glycolytic or Krebs
      cycle enzymes, with 25-35% maximum inhibition at 5 g/l and 10 g/l. Aliquots of
      bone marrow cells were separated into enriched bands of lymphocytes, granulocyte
      macrophages, and erythrocytes; enzyme inhibition that occurred in unfractionated
      bone marrow cell aliquots was only expressed after cell separation in the
      enriched granulocyte-macrophage cell population, suggesting that these committed
      stem cells were a primary target of nickel sulfate toxicity. There was one
      example of systemic immunotoxicity, reduction in the lymphoproliferative response
      to lipopolysaccharide, and it was regarded as secondary to the primary effect of
      nickel sulfate on the myeloid system, since this was the only significant change
      among a panel of seven immune parameters that were evaluated.

PMID- 3398078
TI  - Comparative in vitro cytotoxicity of nickel oxides and nickel-copper oxides to
      rat, mouse, and dog pulmonary alveolar macrophages.
AB  - Metal oxides containing either Ni alone (NiO's) or both Ni and Cu (Ni-CuO's) are
      encountered during Ni refining. Six NiO compounds calcined at temperatures
      ranging from less than 650 to 1045 degrees and four Ni-CuO's containing from 6.9
      to 28% Cu and 44 to 69% Ni were screened for their in vitro cytotoxicity to
      alveolar macrophages (AM). NiO's were less toxic to rat AM than were the Ni-CuO
      compounds. The toxicity of the Ni-CuO compounds increased with increasing Cu
      content and decreasing Ni content of the molecules, indicating that the toxicity
      was due to the Cu content of the molecules. AM obtained from beagle dogs, F344/N
      rats, and B6C3F1 mice displayed the following species sensitivities: dog greater
      than rat = mouse, with dog AM being most sensitive. The observed differences in
      species sensitivities correlated with differences in the phagocytic abilities of
      dog, rat, and mouse AM, with the ranking of phagocytic abilities of the AM in
      decreasing order of ability being dog greater than rat greater than mouse.

PMID- 3398079
TI  - Effects of pollutant atmospheres on surface receptors of pulmonary macrophages.
AB  - The effects of two multicomponent pollutant atmospheres on the surface receptors
      (FcR) and phagocytic activity of rat pulmonary alveolar macrophages have been
      studied. FcR are crucial for the macrophages to become cytotoxic against target
      cells. The atmospheres were composed of pollutants that are prevalent in the
      South Coast Air Basin of southern California. Rats were exposed nose-only to a 7
      component oxidant-and sulfate-containing atmosphere for 4 h/d for either 7 or 21
      consecutive days. In another experiment rats were exposed 5 h/d for 5 consecutive
      days to another pollutant combination--acid droplets plus carbon-containing
      dilute diesel engine exhaust. In both experiments matched rats were exposed nose
      only to purified air to be used as controls. Each of the atmospheres studied
      significantly reduced FcR activity for at least 3 d following the exposure, with
      the group of rats exposed to the 7-component atmosphere for 21 d exhibiting the
      most pronounced effect. Macrophages from rats exposed to the diesel exhaust plus
      acid atmosphere and the 7-component atmosphere for 7 d had significantly reduced
      phagocytic activity for at least 3 d postexposure, while the macrophages from
      rats exposed to the latter atmosphere for 21 d had phagocytic activity near
      control values. The decrease in phagocytosis and inhibition of FcR of macrophages
      suggests an impairment of macrophage function that probably renders the host
      vulnerable to bacterial and/or viral infections.

PMID- 3398080
TI  - Management of post-traumatic cervical spine instability: operative fusion versus
      halo vest immobilization. Analysis of 49 cases.
AB  - A 5-year retrospective analysis was conducted for all cervical spine fractures
      associated with neurologic deficit initially treated at the University of
      Michigan Hospitals. Forty-nine cases of lower cervical spine fracture (C3-C7)
      were reviewed. Twenty-eight patients underwent early operative fusion followed by
      immobilization with either halo vests, or hard cervical collars, and 20 patients
      were initially immobilized in halo vests only. One patient refused treatment and
      was kept in a hard cervical collar. The average period of immobilization was 3
      months. Eight patients in the halo vest group demonstrated radiographic evidence
      of spinal instability following immobilization (40%). Five of these eight
      patients subsequently required operative stabilization. Two of these five
      suffered progression of neurologic deficit secondary to loss of reduction while
      immobilized. Spinal instability occurred in two of the 28 patients initially
      fused (7%) (p less than 0.01), and in the patient treated in a collar. The
      findings indicate: 1) the halo vest does not protect patients with cervical
      instability from neurological injury, nor does it absolutely immobilize the
      cervical spine; 2) surgery may be required to provide spinal stability, even
      after a 3-month orthotic treatment period; and 3) there appears to be an
      increased rate of spinal stability with fusion and immobilization versus
      immobilization alone.

PMID- 3398081
TI  - Forty-three cases of vertebral artery trauma.
AB  - Forty-three cases of injury to the vertebral artery are reviewed. Trauma to these
      cervical vessels requires deep tissue penetration, most often as a result of
      gunshot or stabwounds. The majority of patients are hemodynamically stable,
      although serious hemorrhage and death may result from injury to this artery
      alone. Injury to the vertebral artery was frequently associated with cervical
      spine fracture and local neural damage. However, no patient presented with or
      developed neurologic sequelae attributable to vertebral-basilar ischemia.
      Arteriography accurately identified the site of injury, but the specific
      arteriographic diagnosis can be unreliable. Two of 13 patients (15%) treated by
      proximal vascular control alone had postoperative vascular complications. While
      direct surgical intervention with proximal and distal arterial ligation is the
      appropriate treatment of acute injuries, in some cases there may be a role for
      conservative treatment of minimal injuries. In this series, mortality related to
      a vertebral artery injury was low (4.7%), likely as a result of accurate
      diagnosis and prompt operative intervention.

PMID- 3398083
TI  - The role of three-dimensional computed tomography in the management of
      maxillofacial trauma.
AB  - Open reduction and internal fixation of facial fractures demand a detailed
      understanding of the three-dimensional pattern of injury. This is difficult if
      not impossible to obtain with present radiographic methods. The purpose of this
      study was to define the role of three-dimensional computerized tomography (3DCT)
      in surgical management of facial fractures. The two-part investigation: 1)
      compared the diagnostic accuracy of 3DCT with conventional CT and plain film
      studies; and 2) examined the clinical usefulness of 3DCT to surgeons. Twenty-four
      acute trauma patients suspected of having facial fractures were examined
      radiographically with analysis of every facial bone and specific facial regions.
      Particular attention was directed to the course of the fracture lines and the
      number, size, and displacement of fracture fragments. The surgeons were then
      asked to conceptualize the reported and the personally observed radiographic
      information and document their impressions on preprinted diagrams of the facial
      skeleton. They also completed questionnaires designed to indicate whether patient
      management would be influenced by the 3DCT. The radiographic findings were
      correlated with intraoperative observations. The 3DCT provided superior
      definition of fracture lines (especially horizontal) and the extent of
      comminution was better appreciated. This additional information improved the
      surgeons' ability to plan placement of interfragmentary wires and/or plates.
      Surgeons were also able to more accurately predict those patients requiring
      immediate bone grafting. Large, life-size 3D images of the facial skeleton made
      intraoperative conceptualization of the injury pattern easier. The accuracy of
      the 3DCT images corroborated the intraoperative findings in all cases. The
      following conclusions are offered: 1) The diagnosis of most mandibular fractures
      can be made equally well with conventional and 3DCT techniques. 2) Improved
      diagnosis of fracture lines and the specific patterns of comminution in midface
      fractures is made possible with 3DCT. 3) If open reduction and internal fixation
      is the mode of treatment, 3DCT is desirable because the added information makes
      preoperative planning more accurate and thereby facilitates surgical
      intervention.

PMID- 3398082
TI  - Regional hypothermia protects against ischemia-reperfusion injury in isolated
      canine gracilis muscle.
AB  - Regional hypothermia is known to protect many tissues from ischemic injury. We
      investigated the relationship between regional hypothermia and skeletal muscle
      ischemia-reperfusion injury in a bilateral in vivo isolated canine gracilis
      muscle model. In five anesthetized dogs, one gracilis muscle was subjected to 6
      hours of ischemia followed by 1 hour of reperfusion while the contralateral
      muscle served as a nonischemic control. Localization and quantitation of skeletal
      muscle injury was determined by histochemical staining with triphenyl tetrazolium
      chloride (TTC) followed by computerized planimetry of the infarct size. Muscle pH
      and temperature were monitored continuously in the proximal, middle, and distal
      segments by using pH electrodes and needle thermistors. Muscle pH was calculated
      by use of the Nernst equation with temperature correction, and hydrogen ion
      washout rates (H+) were derived from the observed change in muscle pH during
      reperfusion. A significant (p less than 0.05) regional hypothermia was observed
      in the distal third of the muscle. The preischemic temperature in the distal
      muscle was 27 +/- 2 degrees (SEM) C, compared to 34 +/- 1 degree and 32 +/- 2
      degrees C in the proximal and middle segments of muscle, respectively. This
      temperature gradient was sustained throughout the experiment. The distal third of
      the ischemic muscle demonstrated significantly less (p less than 0.05) injury
      than the proximal and middle thirds as measured by TTC infarct size (31 +/- 10%,
      compared to 71 +/- 3% and 78 +/- 6%, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3398084
TI  - A review of the Journal of Trauma.
AB  - Four hundred fifteen papers published in the Journal of Trauma from January 1985
      through December 1986 were reviewed to document areas of future need. Analyses
      focused on: 1) the study design of each paper; 2) the quality of scientific
      reporting in 10% (n = 40) of randomly selected papers from four major study
      designs; 3) the subject material addressed in 242 trauma-related publications
      using the categories: acute care, epidemiology, biomechanics, prevention, and
      rehabilitation. Although the Journal of Trauma provides a consistent edifying
      mixture of study designs, there is a relative need for less descriptive
      retrospective/prospective reviews and case reports, and for more observational
      and interventional cohort designs. More precise documentation of specific
      research criteria would better substantiate scientific conclusions. In light of
      the contemporary ranges of issues as defined in Injury In America (1), broader
      multidisciplinary articles focusing on epidemiology, biomechanics,
      rehabilitation, and prevention of injury may benefit readers of the Journal of
      Trauma.

PMID- 3398085
TI  - Nonreversed translocated saphenous vein bypass for arterial trauma.
AB  - Nonreversed translocated saphenous vein (NTSV) bypasses were performed for 17
      acute arterial injuries. The technique involved controlling hemorrhage, inserting
      indwelling shunts, perfusing the harvested saphenous vein with papaverine
      solution, placing the vein in a nonreversed orientation over the shunt,
      performing valvulotomy under arterial pressure with a modified Mills' valvulotome
      and completing the distal anastomosis just before removing the shunt. Followup
      ranged from 2 to 36 months. There were no graft occlusions. The advantages of
      using NTSV graft for reconstruction of arterial injuries include autogenous
      reconstruction, reduced size discrepancy between graft and artery at both the
      proximal and distal anastomosis, improved hemodynamics when spasm compromises
      distal runoff, and increased vein utilization. NTSV provides increased
      versatility with both large and small vessel trauma and may improve patency
      rates.

PMID- 3398086
TI  - Surgical management of renal trauma: analysis of risk factors, technique, and
      outcome.
AB  - The impact of the extent of renal injury and the method of treatment on patient
      outcome has not been well defined. Ninety-two patients with 96 renal injuries
      treated by a variety of surgical methods were evaluated to determine whether
      outcome was influenced by the extent of renal injury (minor, major, vascular, or
      bilateral) or the method of treatment (exploration alone, renorrhaphy, partial
      nephrectomy, nephrectomy, vascular repair, combined surgery, or bilateral
      surgery). Each patient was assessed for the extent of associated injury (injury
      score, transfusion requirement), the presence of shock, degree of hematuria, type
      of injury and method of repair, incidence of major complications, and azotemia
      (creatinine greater than 1.5 mg/dl). Eight patients died, ten developed azotemia,
      and 35 developed a major complication. There was a statistically significant
      association between the extent of injury and the development of azotemia. A
      statistically significant relationship was noted between the type of repair
      (nephrectomy, combined and bilateral surgery) and the development of azotemia,
      major complication and eventual death. These relationships, however, seemed to be
      a product of the extent of associated injury and consequent development of sepsis
      and multiple organ failure rather than the extent of renal injury or the method
      of repair.

PMID- 3398087
TI  - Trauma care at mid-passage--a personal viewpoint: 1987 A.A.S.T. presidential
      address.

PMID- 3398089
TI  - The value of echocardiography in blunt chest trauma.
AB  - All victims of blunt injury to the chest or precordium admitted to a Level I
      trauma center in a 1-year period were evaluated prospectively with two
      dimensional echocardiography on the day of admission, serial determinations of
      creatine kinase (CK) and MB isoenzyme radioimmunoassay (CK-MB) over the first 24
      hours, continuous electrocardiographic monitoring over at least the first day,
      and serial 12-lead electrocardiography (ECG) over the first 3 days. The patients
      were divided into four groups based upon the results of echocardiography. Group A
      (n = 35) had normal ECHO and ECG; Group B (n = 16), normal ECHO and abnormal ECG;
      group C (n = 14), ECHO showing abnormal wall motion and/or pericardial fluid;
      group D (n = 8), ECHO showing a nontraumatic valvular or wall motion abnormality.
      Nineteen patients required an operation under general anesthesia. Group C
      patients had significantly higher CK, CK-MB, numbers of associated injuries, and
      Injury Severity Scores; seven required invasive hemodynamic monitoring. No
      cardiac morbidity of general anesthesia was seen. We conclude that
      echocardiography is an important tool for diagnosis and triage which may be used
      to stratify a homogeneous patient population into groups with acute, chronic, and
      no cardiac disease. Cardiac injury occurs in a setting of multisystem trauma.
      Patients with normal echocardiogram and ECG on admission do not require intensive
      care monitoring.

PMID- 3398088
TI  - Isolation of an immunosuppressive trauma peptide and its relationship to
      fibronectin.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to characterize a suppressive active glycopeptide
      (SAP) using affinity chromatography (AFFI) and explore its similarity to
      fibronectin (FN) degradation products. It is postulated that SAP is a degradation
      fragment of a large serum-borne protein, possibly FN. Human trauma serum (HTS)
      and elastase-degraded human FN were run over an AFFI prepared with monoclonal
      antibody to SAP. Bound protein was eluted with 2M NaCl and dialyzed to remove
      salt. Immunosuppressive activity of HTS and FN eluates was monitored using
      inhibition of neutrophil chemotaxis (CTX). Active fractions were compared to the
      starting material and controls with 15% PAGE. AFFI eluates of HTS revealed a high
      molecular weight protein band (450 kd) with no inhibitory CTX activity and
      singular low molecular weight protein (LMW) band (less than 20,000) with 93% +/-
      5% CTX suppression. Elastase-digested purified human FN eluates run under
      identical conditions over the same AFFI revealed two bands with an identical
      elution profile as HTS eluates. CTX suppression 95 +/- 5% was seen only with the
      LMW band. Incubation of enriched LWF fragments of digested FN and HTS with whole
      FN reversed CTX suppression. This suggests affinity purification of a single LMW
      suppressive glycopeptide which may bind to or be a degradation product of plasma
      or cellular fibronectin.

PMID- 3398090
TI  - Post-traumatic sinusitis.
AB  - Septic complications following traumatic injury continue to be a contributing
      factor to morbidity and mortality. Paranasal sinusitis is being recognized as an
      often occult etiology of fever and sepsis in multiply injured patients. Our
      series of 11 patients who developed clinically important maxillary sinusitis is
      presented. Common features of the patients include: 1) nasal instrumentation; 2)
      craniofacial trauma; 3) concomitant use of steroids; and 4) severe multisystem
      injury (mean I.S.S., 45.5; T.S., 10.6). A high index of suspicion in patients
      with nasal tubes who develop unexplained fever or signs of systemic sepsis should
      prompt appropriate investigation of the paranasal sinuses. Removal of the tubes,
      antral puncture for irrigation and aspiration for microbiologic culture, topical
      nasal decongestants, systemic antibiotics based on sensitivity studies, and
      occasionally, formal surgical sinus drainage contribute to effective therapy.

PMID- 3398091
TI  - Quality of life after the trauma center.
AB  - During a 2-year period, 445 trauma patients were transported directly from the
      scene by helicopter to a trauma center. The Glasgow Outcome Scale and a work
      status scale were used to evaluate followup information gathered 6 months to 2
      1/2 years after the incident. Findings were cross-tabulated with Injury Severity
      Score (ISS) categories. Seventy-two per cent of the patients had an ISS greater
      than 15. The overall mortality was 26.1%. Twenty-seven patients (6.1%) were lost
      to followup. Eighty-three per cent of the patients made a good recovery and 75%
      returned to their former work status (job, school, or household duties). Of the
      followed survivors, 5.6% had severe disability and 2.0% were permanently
      institutionalized. No one remained in permanent vegetative state after 6 months.
      In a second followup period (3 to 4 years after incident) half of the patients
      contacted who were not working during the first followup period had either
      returned to their former work status or were currently trying to reenter the work
      force. Most survivors of serious injury benefit from an integrated trauma system
      as measured by their good recovery and the ability to return to work. Few
      patients remain severely disabled or vegetative, requiring permanent
      institutionalization.

PMID- 3398092
TI  - Postocclusive transcutaneous oximetry in followup assessment of tibial nonunion
      and healed tibia fractures.
AB  - Transcutaneous oximetry measurements were performed on 25 limbs in 25 patients
      with clinical and radiographic nonunion, and compared with data obtained from
      patients with healed tibia fractures and a control group of nonfractured
      extremities. A technique of "stress testing" vascular inflow patterns by
      temporary occlusion of arterial inflow was utilized to accentuate differences in
      perfusion not apparent at rest between normal limbs and those with inflow
      impairment. Changes in postocclusive hyperemic response were monitored by changes
      in transcutaneous oxygen detected by sensors placed over the dorsum of the foot,
      at the fracture site, over the anterior compartment, and at the chest. No
      statistically significant differences were found between the control group and
      the group of united tibia fractures. Analysis of results using the unpaired
      Student's t-test demonstrated statistically significant differences between the
      control and nonunion groups at each limb site tested (p less than 0.05). The
      prolonged oxygen recovery time values found in more than half the limbs with
      nonunion are consistent with the presence of impaired oxygenation following
      physiologic stress. The impairment of oxygenation appears to be on a perfusion
      basis and reflects the limited capacity of many limbs with tibial nonunion to
      respond to experimental ischemia with immediate compensatory hyperemia. CLINICAL
      RELEVANCE: This technique is a feasible method for serially assessing the
      regional oxygenation of a limb, and substantiates ischemia as a possible factor
      in the genesis of tibial nonunion.

PMID- 3398093
TI  - Effect of hypoxia on renal flow.
AB  - The isolated perfused rat kidney was used to characterize the renal response to
      hypoxia while flow was maintained. Hypoxia resulted in an 85% reduction in
      glomerular filtration rate (GFR) without any change in total renal vascular
      resistance. There was an initial 85% increase in urine flow rate (UV) and a 45%
      decrease in percent sodium reabsorption due to hypoxic metabolic inhibition of
      solute reabsorption. As GFR decreased, UV declined to 50% of control. GFR did not
      increase on reoxygenation. These results suggest that an intrinsic protective
      tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism is activated during hypoxia that
      redistributes intrarenal flow to reduce the filtered load and to reduce oxygen
      demand for solute reabsorption. Delivery of oxygen to the hypoxia-sensitive
      medulla would also be improved. Decreases in GFR observed with ischemic models of
      acute renal failure may reflect this protective mechanism in addition to the
      effects of ischemic injury.

PMID- 3398095
TI  - The effect of staged burn wound closure on the rates of heat production and heat
      loss of burned children and young adults.
AB  - The sequential metabolic studies of nine severely burned patients were examined
      retrospectively. Information analyzed included heat production (M), partitioned
      heat loss (HL), the percentage of the body surface area open wound (% open wound)
      and skin (TS) and rectal (TR) temperatures. The reduction in the hypermetabolic
      response correlated with the number of days postburn (DPB), % open wound, average
      body temperature (TB = 0.8TR + 0.2TS) and evaporative heat loss (EV) (r = 0.62,
      0.55, 0.56, 0.63, respectively). However, decrements in metabolic rate between
      sequential studies correlated only with the change in % open wound and the change
      in EV (r = 0.41 and 0.49, respectively). While changes in heat loss are not
      capable of predicting all of the variation in metabolic rate, burned patients
      demonstrate an increase in heat production largely secondary to the inability to
      conserve heat effectively in the periphery. This response is compounded by an
      altered central thermoregulation.

PMID- 3398094
TI  - Injuries missed at operation: nemesis of the trauma surgeon.
AB  - Injuries missed at initial operation have the potential to cause the most
      disastrous complications in trauma patients. Over the past 5 years, 12 patients
      have required re-operation for 14 injuries missed at initial laparotomy and/or
      thoracotomy. Six missed injuries were vascular, two each in the thorax, pelvis,
      and retroperitoneum. The other eight were visceral: three small bowel (one
      patient), two pancreatic, and one each of the heart, ureter, and diaphragm. Five
      patients (42%) died, three with missed vascular and two with missed visceral
      injuries. Three died due to complications directly related to their missed
      injuries, while the unrecognized injury did not play a significant role in the
      other two. Indications for re-operation in patients with vascular injuries were
      hypotension in two patients, persistent output from drains in three, and
      refractory acidosis in one. Re-exploration in visceral injuries was for clinical
      sepsis in three patients, DIC in one, cardiac tamponade in one, and persistent
      chest tube drainage in one. Eleven of the 12 patients presented to the E.D. in
      shock. All patients had multiple injuries with a mean of 3.25 organ systems
      injured. Hypotension, coagulopathy, and/or hypothermia (T less than 92 degrees)
      were felt to have contributed to missing the injury in five of the patients with
      vascular, and three of the patients with visceral injuries. In the four other
      patients, injuries were missed due to inadequate exploration or a low index of
      suspicion in the presence of multiple injuries.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3398096
TI  - Pelvic fracture classification: correlation with hemorrhage.
AB  - Hemorrhage remains the leading cause of death in patients with pelvic fractures.
      To identify patients at greatest risk for massive hemorrhage, we retrospectively
      reviewed charts and initial emergency room anterior-posterior (AP) radiographs of
      245 consecutive patients. Pelvic fractures were classified according to our
      modification of the Pennel and Sutherland classification scheme. A simple pelvic
      fracture classification scheme was developed. Using this classification, we can
      be 90% confident that 50 to 69% of patients with "unstable" pelvic fractures will
      require 4 or more units of blood, 30 to 49% will require greater than 10 units of
      blood, 36 to 55% will have an intra-abdominal injury, and 6 to 18% will have a
      pelvic arterial injury. Therefore we conclude that this pelvic fracture
      classification based on the initial emergency-room AP X-ray can predict a patient
      population at high risk for massive hemorrhage for which an aggressive treatment
      protocol is justified.

PMID- 3398097
TI  - Inhibition of skeletal muscle protein synthesis in septic intra-abdominal
      abscess.
AB  - Chronic sepsis is always associated with profound wasting leading to increased
      release of amino acids from skeletal muscle. Net protein catabolism may be due to
      decreased rate of synthesis, increased rate of degradation, or both. To determine
      whether protein synthesis is altered in chronic sepsis, the rate of protein
      synthesis in vivo was estimated by measuring the incorporation of [3H]
      phenylalanine in skeletal muscle protein in a chronic (5-day) septic rat model
      induced by creation of a stable intra-abdominal abscess using an E. coli + B.
      fragilis-infected sterile fecal-agar pellet as foreign body nidus. Septic rats
      failed to gain weight at rates similar to control animals, therefore control
      animals were weight matched to the septic animals. The skeletal muscle protein
      content in septic animals was significantly reduced relative to control animals
      (0.18 +/- 0.01 vs. 0.21 +/- 0.01 mg protein/gm wet wt; p less than 0.02). The
      rate of incorporation of [3H]-phenylalanine into skeletal muscle protein from
      control animals was 39 +/- 4 nmole/gm wet wt/hr or a fractional synthetic rate of
      5.2 +/- 0.5%/day. In contrast to control animals, the fractional synthetic rate
      in septic animals (2.6 +/- 0.2%/day) was reduced by 50% compared to control
      animals (p less than 0.005). The decreased rate of protein synthesis in sepsis
      was not due to an energy deficit, as high-energy phosphates and ATP/ADP ratio
      were not altered. This decrease in protein synthesis occurred even though septic
      animals consumed as much food as control animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3398098
TI  - Value of distal colon washout in civilian rectal trauma--reducing gut bacterial
      translocation.
AB  - Recent experience with civilian rectal trauma challenges the military dictum
      advocating routine distal colon washout. Opponents contend that septic morbidity
      is not influenced by perioperative removal of feces from the rectosigmoid region.
      In an effort to elucidate this issue, we reviewed 27 consecutive patients
      sustaining extraperitoneal rectal trauma over the past 5 years. One patient,
      exsanguinating from abdominal vascular injury, was excluded from further
      analysis. In the remaining 26 patients, rectal injury was due to gunshot wound in
      16 (62%), pelvic fracture in 8 (31%), and stab wound in 2 (7%). The mean Revised
      Trauma Score was 6.9 +/- 0.4, Abdominal Trauma Index 20.9 +/- 8.1, and Injury
      Severity Score 28.6 +/- 11.0. Proximal colostomy was done in all patients and
      presacral drains were placed in 23 (88%). Broad-spectrum antibiotics were
      administered for a minimum of 5 days. Thirteen (50%) of the group underwent
      intraoperative washout of the distal rectosigmoid colon, dictated by attending
      surgeon's preference; the other half did not. These two groups were otherwise
      comparable with respect to injury mechanism, shock on arrival, rectal wound
      severity, associated injuries, and perioperative blood transfusions. Major
      complications were greater in the no-washout versus washout groups: pelvic
      abscess, 46% vs. 8%; rectal fistulae, 23% vs. 8%; and sepsis, 15% vs. 8%. The
      single death (4%) occurred in the no-washout group. Although based on a small
      group of patients, these trends imply that distal colon washout reduces septic
      morbidity following civilian rectal trauma.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3398099
TI  - A prospective evaluation of field categorization of trauma patients.
AB  - We prospectively evaluated the efficacy of comprehensive field triage in 8,891
      trauma patients transported to trauma centers in Dade County, Florida, over a 1
      year period ending in September 1986. There were 5,685 males (63.9%) and 3,206
      females (36.1%) with a mean age of 32.4 +/- 18.4 years. The overall accuracy for
      identifying severe injury for the entire group was 30.2%. A Trauma Score less
      than or equal to 12 was the most accurate predictor of severe injury. Of 669
      patients in this group, 617 (92.2%) sustained severe injury and 361 died (54.0%).
      High-speed (greater than 40 m.p.h.) motor vehicle accident was the most common
      reason for triage; however, of 2,277 in this group 201 patients (9.0%) had severe
      injury and four patients (0.2%) died. Only nine deaths (0.9%) occurred in 1,004
      patients with penetrating trauma whose Trauma Scores were greater than 12. Of the
      8,891 patients 4,791 (53.9%) had moderate to severe injury. The overtriage rate
      was therefore 46.1% using this field categorization system.

PMID- 3398100
TI  - The specific locomotive activity of tympanic membrane and cholesteatoma
      epithelium in tissue culture.
AB  - Human tympanic membrane and cholesteatomatous epithelium were grown in tissue
      culture. Outgrowth from the explants and colonies produced by subculture produced
      epithelium capable of rapid "en masse" migration. This phenomenon was not found
      in epithelium grown from other sites. There is a close correlation between the
      culture characteristics of tympanic membrane and cholesteatoma epithelium and the
      in vivo activities of these epithelia.

PMID- 3398101
TI  - Horner's syndrome: teaching rounds at Victoria Hospital, University of Western
      Ontario.

PMID- 3398102
TI  - The embryonic development of the human paraseptal cartilage.
AB  - The paraseptal cartilage was first named by Spurgat in 1896. In the late 19th and
      early 20th century, the paraseptal cartilage of the lower and higher mammals was
      studied in great detail; however, very few studies were carried out on the human
      paraseptal cartilage. Over the past 20 years no articles have been published in
      the English literature on this topic. Despite all the early interest in this
      topic, several questions still remain unanswered about the origin of paraseptal
      cartilages, their ultimate fate (i.e. do they disappear or persist?) and their
      relationship with the vomer, the nasal capsule, and with Jacobson's organ.
      Eighteen human fetus heads ranging in age from eight to 32 weeks were studied and
      the literature reviewed. The development of the paraseptal cartilage and its
      clinical significance are discussed.

PMID- 3398103
TI  - Trans-septal sphenoidotomy approach for cystic lesions of the clivus.
AB  - Destructive lesions of the clivus produce symptoms related to adjacent anatomic
      structures. Radiographic evaluation of a patient presenting with cranial
      neuropathies revealed a cystic lesion of the clivus, and surgical and histologic
      findings established a diagnosis consistent with a mucocele. There have been no
      previous reports in the literature describing a primary mucocele of the clivus.
      Appropriate treatment for these fluid-filled structures is marsupialization or
      exteriorization into the sphenoid sinus. A trans-septal sphenoidal approach was
      used in this case and is advocated as an effective means of managing cystic
      lesions in this area.

PMID- 3398104
TI  - Acute sphenoid sinusitis: management strategies.
AB  - Acute sphenoid sinusitis is an uncommon disease with a significant morbidity.
      This paper reviews 14 patients presenting with acute sphenoid sinusitis between
      1978 and 1987. Fifty-seven percent of patients had signs of neurological or
      ophthalmological complications, and 29% were left with permanent disabilities.
      Delay in diagnosis and treatment resulted in a morbidity of 80%. The organism
      most commonly cultured was Staphylococcus aureus, followed by Streptococcus
      pneumoniae. Haemophilus influenza, and other streptococci. While a trial of
      medical therapy for 24 hours is warranted in uncomplicated cases, we recommend
      surgical drainage of the sinus if medical therapy fails, and for all patients
      with complications.

PMID- 3398105
TI  - Orbital pseudotumors.
AB  - Orbital pseudotumor is a clinical entity characterized by features of a space
      occupying, non-specific inflammatory condition of the orbit. Diagnosis can be
      difficult, and the patient will often initially present to the otolaryngologist
      as an orbital complication of sinus disease, or as a severe upper respiratory
      tract infection. The recent experience of orbital pseudotumors at our center is
      presented with emphasis on the diagnosis and management of the disease process.

PMID- 3398106
TI  - [Partial supracricoid laryngectomies: techniques, indications and results].
AB  - The authors present results of a retrospective study on 99 patients who underwent
      a partial supracricoid laryngectomy. Indications included carcinomas developed on
      the laryngeal vestibule, in the ventricle or at the glottic level. This
      represents an alternative to total laryngectomy. Surgical techniques and
      functional results are discussed. Ninety-eight percent of patients could be
      decanulated and a regular diet was possible in 94%. The survival rates are 76%
      after three years and 68% after five years. Local recurrences occurred in 3% of
      cases and cervical metastases were not controlled in 13%. The authors comment on
      indications for surgery according to the site of involvement. Contra-indications
      are massive invasion of the pre-epiglottic space, extension away from the
      superior aspect of the cricoid and arytenoid fixation.

PMID- 3398107
TI  - The fixation of malar fractures with the transnasal Kirschner wire.
AB  - Our experience with a rapid and reliable method for the repair of selected
      unstable malar fractures using external pin fixation is reported. Following
      reduction through a Gillies temporal incision, a Kirschner wire is introduced on
      the contralateral side, advanced through the nasal vault and septum and the
      reduced malar bone is engaged. This method of immobilization can be used in
      isolated malar fractures or in conjunction with the repair of other facial
      injuries. In 38 patients where this procedure was utilized, there was low
      morbidity as well as excellent cosmetic and functional results. The advantages of
      this technique as well as a comparison with other available methods of malar
      fixation are discussed.

PMID- 3398108
TI  - Evaluation of parotid lesions by magnetic resonance imaging.
AB  - The effectiveness of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in the evaluation of parotid
      lesions was tested by scanning 21 patients with parotid masses. In 20 patients
      the lesion was visualized, and in 19 benign/malignant differentiation was
      accurately made, indicating sensitivity and specificity of .95. The deep extent
      of the lesions was readily assessed by MR but the facial nerve could not be
      identified.

PMID- 3398109
TI  - Bilateral gustatory rhinorrhea following bilateral parotidectomy: a case report.
AB  - To the authors' knowledge, no cases of gustatory rhinorrhea following
      parotidectomy have been reported. A case is presented of a 28-year-old woman who
      underwent bilateral parotidectomies within a four-year period for congenital
      sialectasia and secondary infection. Both operations were complicated by Frey's
      syndrome and she also developed bilateral gustatory rhinorrhea. The successful
      management of this problem with bilateral vidian neurectomies and the refractory
      nature of her Frey's syndrome, finally controlled with tympanic neurectomies, are
      discussed.

PMID- 3398111
TI  - Preoperative thyroid scans.

PMID- 3398110
TI  - Epiglottitis: adult and pediatric comparisons.
AB  - All cases of epiglottitis admitted to the three affiliated teaching hospitals of
      the University of Western Ontario over the ten year period prior to December
      1986, were subjected to a retrospective chart review. The findings confirmed the
      suspicion of the senior authors that adult epiglottitis is almost as frequent an
      entity as epiglottitis in children. This probably results from an increased
      awareness of the disease process rather than an actual increase in incidence.
      Also of note is the bimodal age distribution of 0-8 years in children and 20-40
      years in adults. As well, clinical presentation, causative organisms, treatment
      modalities and complications between adults and pediatric age groups are compared
      and contrasted.

PMID- 3398112
TI  - Use of beclomethasone in CF patients.

PMID- 3398114
TI  - Digitalized auto-septoplasty.

PMID- 3398113
TI  - Antifogging laryngeal mirrors.

PMID- 3398115
TI  - Wrist watch in the esophagus.

PMID- 3398117
TI  - Can extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy eradicate persistent urinary infection
      associated with infected stones?
AB  - Infected renal stones can be treated by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy but
      it still is not clear whether successful stone fragmentation and the
      disappearance of all macroscopic stone fragments guarantee eradication of the
      infection. Therefore, a prospective study was done in 135 patients with renal or
      upper ureteral stones associated with persistent urinary tract infection. The
      urinary infection was localized in each patient by bilateral ureteral
      catheterization. Upper tract infection in the kidney containing the stone was
      found in 75.6 per cent of the cases. A total of 94 patients completed treatment
      with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy and were followed for 3 to 16 months
      (mean followup 6.4 months). A marked correlation between the incidence of
      residual macroscopic stone fragments and the presence of persistent infection was
      noted. Of the 51 patients who became free of stones 48 (94 per cent) had sterile
      urine. Only 3 of the 51 patients had persistent infection in the treated kidney
      despite complete disappearance of the stones. In 45 of the 59 patients with
      stones smaller than 2 cm. (76 per cent) the infection was eradicated, whereas of
      the 35 with larger stones the urine became sterile in only 13 (37 per cent). We
      conclude that extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy can be endorsed for treatment
      of small infected stones but it is inadequate for treatment of stones larger than
      2 cm. unless combined with percutaneous nephrolithotripsy or chemical dissolution
      of the residual infected fragments.

PMID- 3398116
TI  - Long-term followup in patients with cystine urinary calculi treated by
      percutaneous ultrasonic lithotripsy.
AB  - From February 1983 through 1986, 15 patients (17 renal units) with cystine
      urinary lithiasis were treated by percutaneous ultrasonic lithotripsy. Three
      patients were lost to followup. Of the 13 renal units in the remaining 12
      patients 7 (54 per cent) had retained stone fragments and 6 (46 per cent) were
      free of stones. While on medical management 7 of the 13 renal units (54 per cent)
      had new stones, 5 (38 per cent) remained unchanged and in 1 (8 per cent) the
      retained stones dissolved. The rate for reoperations was 43 per cent for the
      group with retained stones (3 of 7) and 17 per cent for the group that was free
      of calculi after percutaneous ultrasonic lithotripsy (1 of 6). Our study suggests
      that the optimal treatment with percutaneous ultrasonic lithotripsy should result
      in a patient who is free of stones.

PMID- 3398118
TI  - Treatment of complete staghorn calculi by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy
      monotherapy with special reference to internal stenting.
AB  - Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy monotherapy was used to treat 41 patients
      with complete staghorn calculi. In 20 patients polyethylene angiographic pigtail
      catheters were inserted prophylactically as ureteral stents and the other 21
      patients did not receive stents. Prophylactic stenting reduced the incidence of
      complications and the need for percutaneous nephrostomy tubes to relieve
      subsequent ureteral obstruction. Internal stenting maintained the sterility of
      the urinary tract and reduced the average hospital stay by a third. Residual
      stone fragments representing less than 5 per cent of the original stone mass
      remained in 56 per cent of the patients, particularly in those with
      hydronephrotic kidneys. We suggest that extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy
      monotherapy with prophylactic stenting is the preferred treatment for noninfected
      complete staghorn calculi.

PMID- 3398119
TI  - Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy treatment of spinal cord injury patients.
AB  - A total of 32 male patients with spinal cord injury underwent extracorporeal
      shock wave lithotripsy. The mean stone burden was 2.9 cm. (range 0.2 to 8.0 cm.)
      per renal unit. Of 41 renal units 27 (66 per cent) required ancillary
      endourological procedures preoperatively and 32 (78 per cent) required a single
      treatment with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. Urine cultures were
      positive in 30 of 32 patients (94 per cent) before treatment. All patients with
      positive preextracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy urine cultures also had
      positive cultures after treatment. Followup (3-month) was available for 26 of 41
      renal units (63 per cent) and showed 19 (73 per cent) to be free of stones or
      without any radiographic evidence of calcification overlying the collecting
      system. Seven staghorn calculi were treated with extracorporeal shock wave
      lithotripsy without prior debulking procedures. Two partial staghorn calculi were
      treated and rendered free of stones. None of the 5 kidneys with full staghorn
      calculi was rendered free of stones. We conclude that extracorporeal shock wave
      lithotripsy is effective for the treatment of unbranched and partial staghorn
      calculi in the spinal cord injury patient. However, extracorporeal shock wave
      lithotripsy alone is less effective for the treatment of full staghorn calculi.

PMID- 3398120
TI  - Long-term followup of maximum concentrating ability and glomerular filtration
      rate in adult obstructed kidneys after pyeloplasty.
AB  - We investigated 34 patients with obstructed kidneys preoperatively and 8 to 10
      years postoperatively concerning the separate glomerular filtration rate and
      maximum concentration ability. The mean glomerular filtration rate for the
      obstructed kidneys was approximately 10 per cent lower compared to that for the
      contralateral kidneys preoperatively and at followup. Although the mean value for
      obstructed kidneys was not improved at followup, kidneys with a decreased
      glomerular filtration rate preoperatively improved significantly after
      pyeloplasty. The maximum concentration ability was low preoperatively for the
      obstructed kidneys compared to the contralateral kidneys. The lowest maximum
      concentration ability was found in patients with a history of repeated upper
      urinary tract infections. At followup marked improvement was noted, which was
      most obvious for kidneys with severely reduced concentration ability
      preoperatively. However, the restoration was not total. There was a positive
      correlation between the improvement in glomerular filtration rate and improvement
      in maximum concentration ability.

PMID- 3398121
TI  - Results of surgical treatment of renal cell carcinoma with solitary metastasis.
AB  - To determine the effect on survival of excision of a solitary metastasis from
      renal cell carcinoma, the records of 29 patients seen at our institute within the
      last 15 years (1972 to 1986) who underwent such an operation were reviewed.
      Metastasis was present at diagnosis in 11 of the 29 patients, while 18 had
      metastasis 2 months to 11 years after nephrectomy, with an average interval free
      of disease of 38 months. There were 13 pulmonary metastases, 6 bone lesions and
      10 other lesions. The estimated over-all survival rate for this group was 41 per
      cent at 2 years and 13 per cent at 5 years after excision of the metastasis. Only
      2 of the 29 patients currently are alive with no evidence of disease 42 and 53
      months since excision of the metastasis. Neither the presence nor absence of a
      metastasis at diagnosis nor the interval between nephrectomy and the development
      of a metastasis in patients without metastatic disease at diagnosis appeared to
      influence survival after excision of the metastasis. Unlike previous reports,
      these results suggest that the beneficial effects of excision of metastatic renal
      cell carcinoma are limited to improved short-term survival postoperatively and
      that surgical cure of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma is a
      relatively uncommon event.

PMID- 3398122
TI  - Treatment of lower ureteral calculi with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.
AB  - A group of 70 patients presenting with stones in the lower third of the ureter
      was treated with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy using a Dornier HM3
      lithotriptor. For adequate radiological stone visualization a sitting position
      was used in 68 patients, while 2 with calculi overlying the sacroiliac joint
      required placement in the prone position. All but 1 patient had additional
      endoscopic maneuvers before treatment, consisting of the passage of a Zeiss sling
      around the stone in 40 and, when this was not possible, a ureteral stent in 29.
      The over-all success rate was 94.2 per cent (66 of 70 patients) with 3 patients
      having retained fragments and 1 requiring an open operation. The combination of
      new positioning techniques and relatively simple endoscopic maneuvers makes
      treatment of lower ureteral stones feasible and safe with the Dornier
      lithotriptor.

PMID- 3398123
TI  - 100 cases of Mainz pouch: continuing experience and evolution.
AB  - The surgical technique for creation of the Mainz pouch uses 10 to 15 cm. of cecum
      and ascending colon and 2 ileal loops of the same length for construction of a
      urinary reservoir. Initial applications of the Mainz pouch were for bladder
      augmentation after subtotal cystectomy and for continent urinary diversion.
      Current indications have been extended to complete bladder substitution after
      radical cystoprostatectomy with anastomosis of the pouch to the membranous
      urethra. For cosmetic reasons the umbilicus is used as a stomal site for
      continent urinary diversion, and the technique of intussuscepting the continence
      nipple has been modified accordingly. A total of 100 patients underwent a Mainz
      pouch procedure since 1983: 34 for bladder augmentation, 15 for total bladder
      substitution after cystoprostatectomy and 51 for continent urinary diversion. In
      the bladder augmentation group 1 patient underwent conversion to a continent
      stoma, 1 has urge and frequency, and the remaining 32 are completely dry day and
      night. These patients empty the bladder at normal intervals spontaneously except
      for 3 who rely on intermittent catheterization. In the bladder substitution group
      1 patient has grade 1 stress incontinence and the remainder are completely dry
      during the day. However, at night 4 patients have leakage and they use a condom
      urinal. In the urinary diversion group all but 2 patients are completely dry and
      are on intermittent catheterization. The main problem of the initial series was
      prolapse of the continence nipple, which has been solved by staple fixation of
      the nipple to the bowel wall and to the ileocecal valve.

PMID- 3398125
TI  - Modified inguinal lymphadenectomy for carcinoma of the penis with preservation of
      saphenous veins: technique and preliminary results.
AB  - The controversy surrounding the management of patients with invasive carcinoma of
      the penis and clinically negative nodes is discussed. The rationale, technique
      and preliminary results of a modified inguinal lymphadenectomy in which the
      lateral and caudal extents of nodal excision are reduced, and the saphenous veins
      are preserved also are presented. This modified lymphadenectomy has been
      performed in 6 patients with invasive carcinoma of the penis or distal urethra
      without major or troublesome complications.

PMID- 3398124
TI  - Phallic reinnervation via the pudendal nerve.
AB  - Total phallic reconstruction presents the genitourinary reconstructive surgeon
      with one of the most difficult surgical challenges. The development of
      microsurgical techniques and free tissue transfers have advanced phallic
      reconstruction by reducing the number of surgical procedures and by allowing more
      selectivity in choosing the best innervated donor tissue. During the last 5 years
      16 patients underwent total phallic reconstruction using free tissue transfers
      from distant donor sites. The pudendal nerve was coapted routinely to the major
      sensory nerves of the donor free flap. The most accurate objective baseline
      parameters of penile sensibility are pressure and vibratory thresholds, and
      electrically evoked potentials. We examined 30 normal subjects and 7 patients at
      least 1 year postoperatively for penile (phallic) sensibility. A pressure
      aesthesiometer, a biothesiometer and electrodiagnostic studies were used for
      testing. The 7 postoperative patients (in all of whom the pudendal nerve was
      incorporated into the reconstruction) had an encouraging return of tactile and
      erogenous sensibility compared to normal subjects. This is a promising advance in
      phallic reconstruction.

PMID- 3398126
TI  - Physician-generated cost containment in transurethral prostatectomy.
AB  - Cost containment need not be imposed on physicians by government, insurance
      companies and hospital administrators. Decreases in hospital cost can be achieved
      voluntarily by physicians without sacrificing quality of care, especially for
      common procedures with relatively homogeneous patient populations, such as
      transurethral prostatectomy. Variations in existing practice were identified and
      shared, and optimal scientific practice was discussed at 5 meetings of the
      division of urology during a 16-month period. Strict guidelines were not
      developed; surgeons were encouraged to apply cost-related knowledge individually.
      Resource use was measured before, during and after the intervention. A total of
      356 transurethral prostatectomies was studied. There were significant decreases
      in preoperative and postoperative length of stay, specific ordering practices and
      total hospital charges. University faculty differed from community urologists and
      individual surgeons varied considerably. Suggestions for scientific cost
      management in prostatectomy are presented.

PMID- 3398127
TI  - Is antibiotic administration indicated after outpatient cystoscopy.
AB  - The incidence of urinary tract infection was examined in 138 patients who
      underwent diagnostic cystoscopy in an outpatient clinical setting with
      preoperatively sterile urine. A prospective randomized trial was conducted to
      compare the incidence of infection in patients who received no antibiotic
      (controls, group 1) and those who received a postoperative course of oral
      antibiotics (group 2). The incidence of bacteriuria after cystoscopy was 2.8 per
      cent in group 1 (control) and 1.5 per cent in group 2, with an over-all incidence
      of 2.2 per cent. Only 1 patient presented with a symptomatic infection (0.7 per
      cent). This study has confirmed the safety of outpatient cystoscopy and has
      demonstrated that routine administration of postoperative antibiotics is not
      indicated.

PMID- 3398128
TI  - Bubble trouble in bladder tumors.
AB  - A method to eliminate air bubbles in the dome of the bladder is described.

PMID- 3398130
TI  - Long-term monitoring of bladder pressure in chronic retention of urine: the
      relationship between detrusor activity and upper tract dilatation.
AB  - We investigated 41 men with chronic retention of urine owing to bladder outflow
      obstruction by long-term monitoring of bladder pressure and conventional
      cystometry to determine the relationship between detrusor pressure and upper
      tract dilatation. We confirmed that high pressures during conventional filling
      cystometry were common in men with upper tract dilatation. However, important
      differences were demonstrated between long-term monitoring and conventional
      cystometry. The pressure increase during the natural filling phase of long-term
      monitoring was significantly smaller than that during conventional cystometry.
      Detrusor instability was found in 88 per cent of the men during long-term
      monitoring but in only 51 per cent during conventional cystometry (p less than
      0.001). High frequency unstable detrusor contractions during long-term bladder
      pressure monitoring were associated significantly with upper tract dilatation (p
      less than 0.0001) and correlated significantly with impairment of glomerular
      filtration rate (rs equals -0.7339, p less than 0.001).

PMID- 3398129
TI  - Mechanism of upper tract dilatation in patients with thick walled bladders,
      chronic retention of urine and associated hydroureteronephrosis.
AB  - The mechanism of upper tract dilatation in patients with obstructive uropathy
      associated with thick walled trabeculated bladders and painless retention of
      urine has been determined in 9 cases by simultaneous measurement of renal pelvic
      and bladder pressures under baseline conditions and after administration of
      different stresses to the urinary tract. Under basal conditions no pelvic
      pressure increase was observed during detrusor contraction or other alteration of
      lower urinary tract pressure. However, after the flow in the upper tract was
      increased by oral water load, intravenous furosemide or direct pelvic perfusion,
      pelvic pressures were markedly elevated and reflected accurately any change in
      intravesical pressure. Under such conditions, pelvic pressures frequently
      exceeded 40 cm. water. These observations provide an explanation for the
      increasing size of the upper tract and a clarification of the mechanism whereby
      renal function might gradually deteriorate in these patients.

PMID- 3398131
TI  - The role of percutaneous nephrostomy in the management of obstructing candidiasis
      of the urinary tract in infants.
AB  - We report on 5 neonates with obstructive urinary tract candidiasis in whom
      percutaneous nephrostomy had a major role in management. The advantages of
      percutaneous nephrostomy in this setting include prompt drainage of the
      obstructed renal pelvis or ureter, direct access to obtain specimens from the
      renal pelvis to confirm the diagnosis, direct irrigation of the fungus balls with
      amphotericin B and an access route for fragmentation of fungus balls by guide
      wire manipulation. In 3 cases percutaneous placement of the nephrostomy tube was
      successful in obtaining and maintaining access to the renal pelvis, while in 2
      surgical intervention was required because of problems maintaining placement of
      the percutaneous catheters. Percutaneous nephrostomy with antegrade amphotericin
      B irrigation, coupled with systemic antifungal therapy, is the mainstay of
      treatment. The usefulness of ultrasonography in the early diagnosis of renal
      candidiasis also is emphasized.

PMID- 3398133
TI  - Fulguration-ablation of atypical accessory urethra.
AB  - A male adolescent presented with perineal dribbling during voiding. Evaluation
      revealed an accessory urethra originating from the prostatic urethra. There was
      persistent anatomical and functional dominance of the dorsal orthotopic urethra,
      constituting a reversal of the arrangement most commonly described for urethral
      duplication. Successful ablation of the accessory urethra was accomplished by
      electrofulguration. The salient features of urethral duplication are reviewed.

PMID- 3398132
TI  - Giant lymphocele presenting as an abdominal mass 14 years after nephrectomy.

PMID- 3398135
TI  - Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy and infection.

PMID- 3398134
TI  - Symphyseal diastasis in the absence of the exstrophy-epispadias complex.
AB  - Symphyseal diastasis in the absence of exstrophy or epispadias is rare. We
      reviewed 11 reported cases and present 2 of our own. Based upon our findings, we
      recommend a thorough physical examination in all patients. A voiding
      cystourethrogram in those with the radiographic finding of symphyseal diastasis
      in the absence of exstrophy or epispadias may be helpful. A significant number of
      patients have associated congenital anomalies.

PMID- 3398136
TI  - Renal stone presenting as an abdominal lump.
AB  - We report a case of bilateral ureteropelvic junction obstruction associated with
      bilateral stones, one of which was large. An Anderson-Hynes operation was
      performed on both sides, the stones were removed and the patient became
      asymptomatic. To our knowledge the stone in our case is the largest and heaviest
      ever to be described in the literature.

PMID- 3398137
TI  - Adult segmental cystic disease of the kidney: a renal-sparing management
      approach.
AB  - Segmental cystic disease of the kidney is a rare entity with the gross and
      microscopic features of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease localized to
      only a portion of a kidney. We report a renal-sparing management approach to a
      patient in whom a multifocal cystic process localized to 1 pole of the kidney was
      recognized preoperatively. Since neither computerized tomography nor ultrasound
      can exclude an underlying neoplastic process, surgery remains indicated. However,
      an understanding of the spectrum of diagnostic possibilities can have an impact
      on planning the most appropriate surgical approach. We conclude that partial
      nephrectomy, with appropriate intraoperative pathological assessment, may
      represent a satisfactory renal-sparing therapeutic algorithm for the management
      of localized cystic disease.

PMID- 3398139
TI  - Horseshoe kidney with retrocaval ureter: a case report.
AB  - We report the sixth case (the second female patient) of a retrocaval ureter and
      horseshoe kidney. The diagnosis and successful management are discussed, and the
      literature is reviewed.

PMID- 3398138
TI  - Cholesteatoma of the renal pelvis: a case with long-term followup.
AB  - We report a case of cholesteatoma of the renal pelvis with a 56-year followup.
      Quiescence of the disease with remission of symptoms, stabilization of the lesion
      and absence of further anatomical change was related temporally to treatment with
      vitamin A. The disease in our patient was idiopathic and no causative or
      predisposing factors were demonstrated.

PMID- 3398140
TI  - Ureteral obstruction owing to over pressure of a normal right common iliac
      artery: a case report.
AB  - We report a case in which a normal right common iliac artery in a normal
      anatomical relationship to the right ureter at the crossing point caused partial
      urinary tract obstruction apparently by an over pressure effect. The ureter was
      attached to the promontorium periosteum following ureterolysis to relieve the
      obstruction. To our knowledge, such a condition has not been reported previously.
      We believe that over pressure of the common iliac artery should be considered in
      the differential diagnosis of extrinsic ureteral obstruction, particularly in
      muscular subjects.

PMID- 3398141
TI  - Infected urachal cysts: a review of 10 cases.
AB  - Disorders of urachal remnants are uncommon. While a urachal cyst usually is
      asymptomatic, infection may mimic a variety of acute intra-abdominal or pelvic
      processes. We describe 10 patients in 2 distinct age groups (the young child and
      the young adult) with an infected urachal cyst. The presenting symptoms and signs
      in most patients included dysuria, severe lower abdominal pain and fever. In 7
      patients the correct preoperative diagnosis was made. Diagnoses at referral
      included Crohn's disease, bladder carcinoma and pelvic inflammatory disease. A
      single procedure was performed in 7 cases and a staged technique was used in 3.
      The differential diagnosis of acute abdominal and pelvic pain or a midline lower
      abdominal mass in the pediatric or young adult age group should include infection
      of a urachal remnant.

PMID- 3398142
TI  - Re: Hazardous sound levels produced by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.

PMID- 3398143
TI  - Re: Primary psoas abscess.

PMID- 3398144
TI  - Urinary diversion.

PMID- 3398145
TI  - Re: Naloxone efficacy in bladder rehabilitation of spinal cord injury patients.

PMID- 3398146
TI  - Re: Adenocarcinoma in an ileal conduit: a late recurrence of urethral
      adenocarcinoma.

PMID- 3398147
TI  - Re: A comparison of endoscopic suspension of the vesical neck with suprapubic
      vesicourethropexy for treatment of stress urinary incontinence.

PMID- 3398148
TI  - Inunction of prostaglandin E1 precursor for penile erection and erectile failure.

PMID- 3398149
TI  - Re: Penile electrodiagnosis. Value of bulbocavernosus reflex latency versus nerve
      conduction velocity of the dorsal nerve of the penis in diagnosis of diabetic
      impotence.

PMID- 3398151
TI  - Re: Reconstruction of the fossa navicularis.

PMID- 3398150
TI  - Re: Reconstructive surgery for vasculogenic impotence.

PMID- 3398152
TI  - Merle's co-denomination for the techniques of penile plication for the correction
      of Peyronie's disease: a well deserved homage.

PMID- 3398153
TI  - Re: Papaverine-induced priapism: 2 case reports.

PMID- 3398154
TI  - Intermittent testicular torsion: an underdiagnosed entity?

PMID- 3398155
TI  - Formula to estimate risk of pelvic lymph node metastasis from the total Gleason
      score for prostate cancer.

PMID- 3398156
TI  - Re: Testicular torsion in a 62-year-old man.

PMID- 3398157
TI  - Comparison of 2 methods of adjustment of maximum urinary flow rates.

PMID- 3398158
TI  - This month in Investigative Urology: effect of extracorporeal shock waves on the
      kidney.

PMID- 3398159
TI  - Pathologic changes in the kidneys and other organs of dogs undergoing
      extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy with a tubless lithotripter.
AB  - Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is an accepted method of treatment
      for renal calculi. Complications are rare, although most patients experience
      temporary hematuria. Shock waves generated by a spark plug in a tubless
      lithotripter administered to stones placed into the renal pelves of dogs,
      resulted in interstitial renal hemorrhage developing acutely, and interstitial
      fibroblastic reactions chronically. The latter were linear, and were in the
      cortex and/or medulla. They resulted from organisation of the interstitial
      hemorrhages. In addition interstitial nephritis was present and this could be the
      result of the surgery, the stones, preexisting infection or the ESWL. Other
      organs were intact, with the exception of a hematoma in the large bowel of one
      dog. Lithotripsy, in this dog model, produced a spectrum of kidney injury.

PMID- 3398160
TI  - An experimental model for the systematic investigation of stone fracture by
      extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.
AB  - An experimental model of stone fracture utilizing "Z" brick is presented. The
      model is described and it is applied to determine the effects of varying numbers
      of shocks, voltage and to make inferences about some of the fracture mechanisms
      occurring during ESWL.

PMID- 3398161
TI  - The blast path: theoretical basis, experimental data and clinical application.
AB  - Use of the "blast path" may be helpful in patients where positioning for ESWL
      treatments is difficult. Good pressures are maintained along the blast path and
      an alternate fracture mechanism may be in effect. The rate of fragmentation,
      assessed using model material, decreases with distance beyond F2.

PMID- 3398162
TI  - Simulation of ventilatory-induced stone movement and its effect on stone fracture
      during extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.
AB  - Because ventilation influences renal movement, we investigated the effect of
      stone motion on the efficiency of extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL).
      Comparisons of the rates of fragmentation of an experimental model of renal
      calculi were made between simulated high-frequency jet ventilation at 100
      breaths/min. with four-mm. stone movement as measured from the fluoroscope
      screen, conventional mechanical ventilation at 10 breaths/min. with 32-mm. stone
      movement as measured from the fluoroscope screen, and a static control.
      Fragmentation did not differ significantly between high-frequency jet ventilation
      and no ventilation (static control), but was significantly greater with high
      frequency jet ventilation than with conventional ventilation.

PMID- 3398163
TI  - Cardiovascular pathology and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.
AB  - We investigated the impact of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy on cardiac
      pacemakers, arterial calcifications, and vascular clips. When 22 cardiac
      pacemaker pulse generators mounted five cm. lateral to the focus of the
      lithotripter were subjected to both synchronous and asynchronous shock waves, one
      reverted to magnet rate with synchronous shocks and 11 were inhibited by
      asynchronous shocks. None was damaged or spuriously reprogrammed. In a second
      experiment, 10 canine and cadaveric aortas and common iliac arteries with metal
      surgical clips on two to three mm. branches were pressurized with methylene blue
      in normal saline at 150 mm. Hg and fixed in the Dornier lithotripter. Shock waves
      (N = 2000; 22 kV) were focused on the surgical clips and no leakage of methylene
      blue was found.

PMID- 3398164
TI  - Establishment and characterization of a doxorubicin-resistant human bladder
      cancer cell line (MGH-U1R).
AB  - A doxorubicin-resistant bladder cancer cell line has been established. This was
      accomplished by exposing an established human bladder tumor cell line, MGH-U1, to
      progressively higher concentrations of doxorubicin over a period of 12 months.
      The resistant cells, MGH-U1R, are nine times more resistant to doxorubicin and 30
      times more resistant to daunorubicin than the parent cells. The MGH-U1R and the
      MGH-U1 cells have identical isozyme phenotypes. Compared to the parent cells, the
      resistant cells have a slower growth rate, lower confluent density, are more
      heterogeneous morphologically, and exhibit more chromosomal aberrations and
      rearrangements. The resistant cells may now be used as an experimental system for
      the search of means to overcome drug resistance in human bladder cancer.

PMID- 3398167
TI  - Investigative grammar.

PMID- 3398166
TI  - A growth factor in bovine and human testes structurally related to basic
      fibroblast growth factor.
AB  - Homogenates of human testes, epididymides and prostate, and calf testes and
      epididymides are mitogenic for cultured human foreskin fibroblasts. The growth
      factors appear similar in that they are inactivated by boiling and acid, but not
      by treatment with reducing agent. The growth factor in human and bovine testes
      was partially purified from tissue homogenates, prepared in high ionic strength
      buffer (pH 7.6) containing protease inhibitors, by ammonium sulfate precipitation
      and two cycles of heparin-Sepharose chromatography. The growth factor in calf
      testes was also partially purified from tissue extracted in ammonium sulfate
      without protease inhibitors, acidified to pH 4.5, and precipitated by ammonium
      sulfate followed by two cycles of heparin-affinity chromatography. A predominant
      17,500 molecular weight (MW) growth factor was identified from alkaline
      homogenates of human and calf testes by its reactivity with antisera prepared
      against synthetic peptides whose sequences corresponded to residues 1-12 (amino
      terminal), 33-43 (internal) and 136-145 (carboxy-terminal) of bovine basic
      fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). A slightly smaller 16,600 MW peptide from acidic
      extracts of calf testes also reacted with antisera to the three synthetic
      peptides. A 15,500 MW peptide, lacking immunoreactivity with antiserum to the
      amino-terminal synthetic peptide, was also seen. These findings suggest that a
      growth factor is present in human and calf testes that is structurally related to
      bFGF. The structure of the growth factors appears to be altered during the
      isolation procedure.

PMID- 3398165
TI  - Antitumor activity of doxorubicin-monoclonal antibody conjugate on human bladder
      cancer.
AB  - Doxorubicin (adriamycin) was conjugated via the dextran bridge method to a murine
      IgG3 monoclonal antibody, 1G3.10, directed against human bladder cancer. The drug
      antibody conjugate, prepared from using 25% oxidized dextran as the linker,
      retained essentially the original immunological activity of the antibody using
      ELISA as tested against an antigen-positive target cell line (TSGH-8301), which
      has been shown to express an antigen recognized by the monoclonal antibody
      1G3.10. Antitumor effect of the conjugate in vitro was evaluated by its
      inhibition on 3H-uridine incorporation into the established human bladder cancer
      cells. The conjugate exhibited a significantly higher cytotoxicity on target TSGH
      8301 cells than that by a control antibody-doxorubicin conjugate prepared
      identically from an irrelevant mouse IgG3 monoclonal antibody. No apparently
      different cytotoxicity was detected on control antigen-negative bladder tumor
      cells of J82 between these two drug-antibody conjugates. Verapamil, a calcium
      channel blocker, enhanced the in vitro cytotoxicity of doxorubicin-1G3.10
      monoclonal antibody conjugate. Results obtained from in vivo evaluation using
      xenografted target TSGH-8301 bladder tumor indicated that the 1G3.10 monoclonal
      antibody conjugate containing doxorubicin injected 4X, i.p., significantly
      inhibited TSGH-8301 bladder tumor growth in nude mice, whereas free monoclonal
      antibody, free drug and the mixture of both showed only moderate inhibition of
      tumor growth as compared to the untreated control. Verapamil also enhanced in
      vivo antitumor activity of the conjugate. There was no side effect (weight loss)
      detected on the conjugate-treated mice. Results obtained from in vivo evaluation
      using xenografted control J82 bladder tumor showed no specific antitumor activity
      as exhibited by doxorubicin-1G3.10 monoclonal antibody conjugate in comparison
      with free drug, mixture of drug and antibody without conjugation, or doxorubicin
      conjugated to the irrelevant antibody. These results suggested that doxorubicin
      conjugated with bladder tumor associated monoclonal antibody could be useful as a
      potentially cytotoxic agent in immunochemotherapy of human bladder cancer.

PMID- 3398168
TI  - Limited role of arteriography in penetrating neck trauma.
AB  - Of the patients with penetrating neck wounds treated between 1979 and 1986, 61
      patients with 65 injuries had arteriography during their evaluation. Twenty-seven
      patients had stab wounds and 34 had gunshot wounds, with a relatively equal
      distribution between the zones of injury. Fifty-seven arteriograms were normal
      and six were abnormal. Of the six arteriographic defects, three were thought to
      be spurious on subsequent review, two were clinically insignificant, and one
      required surgery. No significant arterial injuries were identified by
      arteriography in the absence of suggestive physical findings. No major arterial
      injuries were discovered during neck surgery that were missed preoperatively.
      Neither abnormal nor normal angiograms significantly altered the course of
      management, including the approach to neck exploration. These data suggest that
      arteriography for penetrating neck trauma is usually unnecessary for observation
      of patients in stable condition without suggestive physical findings. Thorough
      neck exploration with dissection of the carotid sheath in patients with physical
      diagnostic criteria for surgery eliminates the need for angiography in most cases
      and avoids the consequences of a possible false-negative study.

PMID- 3398169
TI  - Monitoring of heparin in vascular surgery.
AB  - In patients heparinized for surgery on the infrarenal aorta, the degree of
      anticoagulation by heparin of stasis blood (taken from below the aortic clamp)
      was compared with that obtained in circulating blood taken from a forearm artery.
      A measurement of activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) was made on a
      venous blood sample taken from each patient before 5000 units of heparin was
      administered intravenously. Further measurements of APTT from static blood and
      from circulating arterial blood were made at 3, 15, 30, and 60 minutes after
      heparinization. Samples taken below the aortic clamp showed measurements of APTT
      lower than those from circulating arterial blood at 15, 30, and 60 minutes (p
      less than 0.05 paired Wilcoxon rank sum test). Current methods for administering
      and monitoring heparin may not provide an adequate degree of anticoagulation in
      static blood during vascular surgery. The consequences, if any, of inadequate
      anticoagulation in vascular surgery need further study.

PMID- 3398170
TI  - Secondary vascular procedures with polytetrafluoroethylene grafts for lower
      extremity ischemia in a male veteran population.
AB  - Secondary vascular procedures to below-knee vessels for lower extremity ischemia
      present a challenge to the vascular surgeon. Autogenous vein is often unavailable
      and failure of the previous bypass often limits the choice of distal vessels
      suitable for revascularization. This dilemma raises the question of amputation vs
      secondary vascular surgery. To address this question we reviewed the results of
      our previous aggressive approach to revascularization in a select group of 25
      patients (26 limbs) who had secondary procedures with polytetrafluoroethylene
      grafts to tibial vessels or the infragenicular popliteal artery with single
      vessel runoff. Nine of these 26 bypasses (35%) have remained patent for a mean of
      17.2 months and no amputations have been done in this group. The other 17
      bypasses (65%) have occluded from 1 day to 36 months postoperatively (mean 4.3
      months); 15 of these limbs have required major amputation (58%). Ten were
      performed within the first 3 months postoperatively. Thirteen of the 25 patients
      died in the follow-up period (mean 27.5 months); five of these patients had
      viable limbs. Of 12 surviving patients (mean follow-up 19.9 months), six had
      viable limbs and six have required amputation. These results indicate that
      patients having secondary vascular surgical procedures with
      polytetrafluoroethylene grafts to tibial vessels have a high amputation rate and
      poor overall survival. Within this select group of patients, those who could walk
      with the aid of a prosthesis should be considered as candidates for primary
      amputation. This would facilitate rehabilitation and avoid the anguish of
      recurrent graft failure and multiple procedures.

PMID- 3398171
TI  - Kinetics of cefuroxime in the groin wound after vascular prosthetic implantation.
AB  - The kinetics of cefuroxime in serum and wound fluid were investigated in the
      period after vascular prosthetic implantation. Cefuroxime was administered as
      intravenous bolus injections in doses of 0.75 gm (five patients) or 1.5 gm (five
      patients). The concentration of cefuroxime in wound fluid increased after the
      injection and reached a maximal level corresponding to serum concentration levels
      with 1.5 hours. The subsequent elimination of cefuroxime from the wound fluid
      closely paralleled the elimination from the serum. The wound fluid concentrations
      were found to be greater than the minimum inhibitory concentration for
      Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in 8 and 5 hours, respectively, after
      injection of 0.75 gm of cefuroxime, and in 11 and 7 hours, respectively, after
      injection of 1.5 gm of cefuroxime.

PMID- 3398172
TI  - A modified classification and approach to the management of infections involving
      peripheral arterial prosthetic grafts.
AB  - During the past 15 years, we have employed a modified classification and
      management plan to treat infections involving nonaortic peripheral arterial
      prosthetic grafts (PAPGs) without graft removal whenever possible. Sixty-eight
      infected wounds potentially involving PAPGs were initially treated by excision of
      necrotic and infected wound tissue in the operating room (wound excision). This
      was sufficient for all 34 minor infections that did not directly involve the
      graft. In the 34 remaining infected wounds with graft involvement (major
      infections), partial removal of a PAPG in 13 cases allowed preservation for up to
      15 years of a functioning arterial segment and its collaterals. Ten other grafts
      were entirely saved. Only 11 of 34 major graft infections ultimately required
      total graft removal. This approach to infection complicating PAPGs resulted in
      only two deaths (6%) and directly led to limb loss or amputation at a higher
      level in eight patients (24%). Total removal of an infected PAPG is often
      unnecessary and may increase mortality and morbidity.

PMID- 3398173
TI  - Use of the gastroduodenal artery in right renal artery revascularization.
AB  - Of 15 patients having revascularization of the right renal artery with the use of
      the hepatic circulation from May 1984 through March 1987 at the Massachusetts
      General Hospital, eight patients had this accomplished with end-to-end
      anastomosis of the gastroduodenal artery and right renal artery. Operative
      indications were acute azotemic renal failure (three patients), poorly controlled
      renovascular hypertension (four patients), and staged repair of bilateral renal
      artery disease (one patient). All revascularizations were successful in restoring
      renal function or rendering hypertension manageable and were assessed by means of
      renal flow scans, celiac angiography, or return of function in those patients
      with a solitary, functioning kidney. All patients survived the operation with one
      late death caused by myocardial infarction after abdominal aortic aneurysm
      repair. The gastroduodenal artery may be used as the source for arterial inflow
      in revascularization of the right renal artery by end-to-end anastomosis in
      approximately 50% of instances, conferring the advantage of the use of only one
      anastomosis and obviating the long-term possibility of vein graft failure.

PMID- 3398174
TI  - Coarctation of the abdominal aorta.
AB  - Coarctation of the abdominal aorta remains a surgically treatable cause of
      hypertension in children and young adults. Average age of the patients is 21
      years at the time of diagnosis and a second peak in the fourth to fifth decade.
      If left untreated, most patients die as a result of complications from untreated
      hypertension by the age of 35 years. Aortography remains the diagnostic test of
      choice with associated visceral and renal artery stenoses occurring in 26% of
      cases. Of the 146 cases reported, 109 had surgical treatment with an operative
      mortality rate of 6.9%. Of those patients having surgery 96% were normotensive or
      were easily controlled postoperatively with antihypertensive medications. Because
      claudication is a minor problem in most cases, surgical correction of the
      hypertension by hepatorenal or splenic-renal bypasses may be the preferred
      initial surgical treatment in patients without significant visceral artery
      involvement or severe symptomatic lower extremity ischemia.

PMID- 3398175
TI  - Reporting standards in venous disease. Prepared by the Subcommittee on Reporting
      Standards in Venous Disease, Ad Hoc Committee on Reporting Standards, Society for
      Vascular Surgery/North American Chapter, International Society for Cardiovascular
      Surgery.
AB  - This report comprises suggested reporting standards for publications dealing with
      (1) acute lower extremity venous thrombosis, (2) chronic lower extremity venous
      insufficiency, (3) upper extremity venous thrombosis, and (4) pulmonary embolism.
      Attempts have been made to set forth numeric grading schemes for disease
      severity, risk factors, and outcome criteria. Some of the recommendations had to
      be arbitrary of necessity, but they were judged the most generally acceptable by
      members of the committee. They are offered not as binding rules but as guidelines
      whose observance will serve the clarity and precision of communication.

PMID- 3398176
TI  - Venous aneurysms.
AB  - We report the case of a large venous aneurysm of a 22-year-old white man. After
      evaluation and diagnosis, the aneurysm was resected without difficulty. Cause,
      diagnosis, treatment, and possible complications are discussed.

PMID- 3398177
TI  - Traumatic fracture of the abdominal aorta. Rupture of a calcified abdominal aorta
      with minimal trauma.
AB  - We report the case of an elderly man whose infrarenal abdominal aorta ruptured
      when the patient fell getting out of bed. Unique features of this case are the
      lack of aneurysmal disease, the insignificant nature of the trauma, and the
      severe, rigid atherosclerotic plaque in the infrarenal aorta. Pathologic
      examination of the resected aorta demonstrated the point of rupture to be at the
      junction of atherosclerotic plaque and normal aorta, suggesting that
      atherosclerosis is a predisposing factor in traumatic rupture of the abdominal
      aorta.

PMID- 3398179
TI  - Basic considerations in the diagnosis and management of carotid artery injuries.

PMID- 3398178
TI  - Erosion of the ureter by ileofemoral arterial prosthesis.
AB  - We report a case of erosion of the ureter by a prosthetic vascular graft
      subsequent to an ileofemoral bypass. The diagnosis, etiology, and management from
      both vascular and urologic points of view are discussed, and the available
      literature is reviewed. Therapeutic principles include early intervention,
      ureteric reconstruction or ureteronephrectomy depending on circumstances, removal
      of prosthesis and delayed vascular reconstruction if feasible to avoid
      contamination, or revascularization with extraanatomic bypass if urgent.

PMID- 3398180
TI  - Use of the Hall drill for suturing severely calcified aortas.
AB  - Heavily calcified aortic and iliac arteries are occasionally encountered that
      will not yield to currently available needles and sutures. The use of the Hall
      drill to penetrate such arterial walls, stopping short of the adventitial layer,
      and Teflon strips to buttress the anastomosis, is an effective means of dealing
      with this problem. Extensive arterial trauma is avoided and a hemostatic
      anastomosis may be constructed.

PMID- 3398181
TI  - Hydrophilic guide wire for laser-assisted angioplasty.

PMID- 3398182
TI  - Venous injury: to repair or ligate, the dilemma.

PMID- 3398184
TI  - Chicago ban.

PMID- 3398183
TI  - Diagnosis of prosthetic aortic graft infection by magnetic resonance imaging.
AB  - The accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis of prosthetic
      aortic graft infection was evaluated in 18 patients with history and findings
      suggestive of this complication. The prospective interpretation of MRI was
      compared with surgical findings. Sixteen patients had a graft infection verified
      at operation. Fourteen patients had infection of the retroperitoneal portion of
      the graft; two patients had an infection limited to one of the groins; no graft
      infection was found at surgical exploration in the remaining two patients.
      Perigraft infection was correctly diagnosed on the basis of MRI findings in 14 of
      16 cases; findings were false negative in one case, questionable in another case,
      and correctly excluded graft infection in two of two cases. MRI also defined the
      extent of infection in 14 of 16 cases. MRI findings that supported the clinical
      suspicion of graft infection were perigraft fluid collections remaining more than
      3 months after surgery. Furthermore, local inflammation was suggested by an
      increased signal intensity of adjacent muscle on T2-weighted images in some
      cases. CT scans were performed in 12 patients; these enabled a correct diagnosis
      in five and provided indeterminate or false information in seven. These results
      indicate that MRI is helpful in the diagnosis of aortic graft infection.
      Furthermore, MRI provides information about the extent of infection crucial for
      planning therapy.

PMID- 3398185
TI  - Small scientific steps important in "gigantic" AIDS control mission.

PMID- 3398187
TI  - 'Ticking, tracking, trucking' sum up projects at Woods Hole Marine Biological
      Laboratory.

PMID- 3398188
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Safety of therapeutic products used for hemophilia patients.

PMID- 3398186
TI  - Eye disease linked to mitochondrial gene defect.

PMID- 3398191
TI  - False-positive HIV antibody tests in RPR-reactive patients.

PMID- 3398190
TI  - Mass notification of transfusion recipients at risk for HIV infection.

PMID- 3398189
TI  - Sleep disturbances in HIV-seropositive patients.

PMID- 3398192
TI  - Adult attention deficit disorder.

PMID- 3398193
TI  - Age as a factor in treatment of colorectal cancer.

PMID- 3398194
TI  - Prescription drugs in a mail order diet aid.

PMID- 3398195
TI  - Single- vs divided-dose ceftriaxone therapy for meningitis.

PMID- 3398196
TI  - Drug promotion in a family medicine training center.

PMID- 3398197
TI  - Chronic fatigue in primary care. Prevalence, patient characteristics, and
      outcome.
AB  - Although fatigue is one of the most common complaints in ambulatory care,
      research has been minimal. Of the 1159 consecutive patients surveyed in two adult
      primary-care clinics, 276 (24%) indicated that fatigue was a major problem.
      Fatigue was more prevalent in women than in men (28% vs 19%). Extensive clinical,
      laboratory, psychometric, and functional data were gathered for 102 fatigued
      patients and 26 controls. Laboratory testing was not useful in detecting
      unsuspected medical conditions or in determining the cause of fatigue. Depression
      or somatic anxiety or both were suggested by screening psychometric instruments
      in 82 fatigued patients (80%) compared with three controls (12%). Global
      dysfunction was marked, as reported by patients on the Sickness Impact Profile.
      The mean score on the Sickness Impact Profile of 11.3 for fatigued patients is
      similar to that reported for patients with major medical illnesses. After one
      year of follow-up, only 29 fatigued patients (28%) had improved. The high
      prevalence, persistence, and functional consequences of fatigue mandate a search
      for effective therapy.

PMID- 3398198
TI  - Comparison of HIV-antibody prevalence in patients consenting to and declining HIV
      antibody testing in an STD clinic.
AB  - All patients attending a sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic were offered
      voluntary, anonymous human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-antibody testing and
      counseling as part of routine clinical evaluation. During a three-month
      evaluation period, 82% of patients accepted HIV testing. Testing was accepted
      equally by men and women and by heterosexual and homosexual men. Black men were
      more likely to refuse testing than men from other ethnic groups. Eight (0.7%) of
      1146 STD clinic patients tested were infected with HIV. A blinded study of 237
      patients who refused testing identified nine (3.8%) additional HIV-infected
      patients. Men who refused testing were 5.3 times more likely to be infected than
      men who accepted testing. Male homosexuals and black and Hispanic men who refused
      testing were 7.3 and 8.8 times, respectively, more likely to be infected with HIV
      than were their counterparts who accepted testing. Human immunodeficiency virus
      testing and counseling should be routinely offered to STD clinic patients. Male
      STD clinic patients, especially homosexual or minority men, who refuse voluntary
      HIV testing should be counseled regarding reducing their risk for HIV
      transmission.

PMID- 3398199
TI  - Cardiac rehabilitation after myocardial infarction. Combined experience of
      randomized clinical trials.
AB  - Randomized clinical trials of cardiac rehabilitation following myocardial
      infarction have typically demonstrated a lower mortality in treated patients, but
      with a statistically significant reduction in only one trial. To overcome the
      problem of not being able to detect small but clinically important benefits in
      mortality in randomized clinical trials of exercise and risk factor
      rehabilitation after myocardial infarction with small numbers of patients, we
      carried out a meta-analysis on the combined results of ten randomized clinical
      trials that included 4347 patients (control, 2145 patients; rehabilitation, 2202
      patients). The pooled odds ratios of 0.76 (95% confidence intervals, 0.63 to
      0.92) for all-cause death and of 0.75 (95% confidence intervals, 0.62 to 0.93)
      for cardiovascular death were significantly lower in the rehabilitation group
      than in the control group, with no significant difference for nonfatal recurrent
      myocardial infarction. These results suggest that, for appropriately selected
      patients, comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation has a beneficial effect on
      mortality but not on nonfatal recurrent myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3398200
TI  - Sound science in the implementation of public policy. A case report on
      California's Proposition 65.

PMID- 3398201
TI  - The UMKC medical education experiment. An alternative pathway to physicianhood.
AB  - The UMKC plan for medical education offers an alternative pathway for motivated
      high achievers with early evidence of health care commitment. Essentially, such a
      program is an honors program for the academically elite. The UMKC plan makes a
      large, sustained effort to influence attitude. In our descriptive literature and
      in our curriculum content, we have emphasized that we seek health care talent at
      the earliest age possible and that we use these formative years to enhance, to
      influence, and to inculcate the qualities of compassion, sensitivity, honesty,
      integrity, dependability, and responsibility. The reason for early admission is
      to influence attitude. We hold to the national standards in terms of science and
      technology, and all graduates have been required to pass Parts I and II of the
      National Board of Medical Examiners examinations. The graduate of this program,
      using performance in the first postgraduate year as a measure, is comparable with
      the product of the traditional eight-year concept, with a dividend of two extra
      years of career time. The UMKC program is not for all students; it is not offered
      as a replacement for the traditional American system. However, a proper
      distribution of medical admissions spaces should be made that takes advantage of
      the high level of ability, commitment, and dedication already present in the best
      of our high school students. A program such as the UMKC plan offers the prospect
      of educating American physicians, fully prepared technically but especially
      concerned with the important attitudinal values sought by the American public.
      Ward Darley, MD, was a consultant and guide during the founding years of this
      medical school. In his words, "The UMKC program is aimed at humanizing medicine,
      lowering the cost per student for education, providing a pool of dedicated
      physicians educated broadly enough to provide community leadership for future
      changes in the function and structure of society." Dr Darley's anticipation that
      this six-year program would lower the cost of medical education was always
      inherent in the simple arithmetic of six years compared with eight. These fiscal
      savings have been realized by our students and their parents. The additional
      bonus of two years of medical career is another kind of cost savings. However,
      the economy of the UMKC program is not the merit by which to judge. Instead, it
      should be judged on the basis of the opportunity to influence attitude and
      conduct and to inculcate an unusual quality of caring.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400
      WORDS)

PMID- 3398202
TI  - Regression of ocular melanoma metastatic to the liver after hepatic arterial
      chemoembolization with cisplatin and polyvinyl sponge.
AB  - Thirty patients with ocular melanoma metastatic to the liver were treated by
      hepatic arterial chemoembolization using an admixture of cisplatin and polyvinyl
      sponge. Tumor regression was complete in one patient and partial (greater than
      50%) in 13 patients. The total response rate was 46%. The median survival for the
      entire group was 11 months (95% confidence interval, nine to 18 months).
      Treatment-related morbidity was short-lived and included primarily severe upper
      right quadrant abdominal pain, transient paralytic ileus, and nonicteric
      hepatitis. Hepatic arterial chemoembolization provided effective palliation, with
      good-quality survival among 46% of patients with ocular melanoma metastatic to
      the liver.

PMID- 3398203
TI  - Stirring the pool.

PMID- 3398204
TI  - Diagnostic and therapeutic technology assessment. Penile implants for erectile
      impotence.
AB  - Three semirigid penile prostheses (Small-Carrion, Finney Flexirod, and Jonas
      Silicone-Silver) and a multicomponent inflatable penile prosthesis (Scott) were
      considered safe and effective treatment for impotence unresponsive to medical
      management. Each of these prostheses has its own advantages and disadvantages.
      The entire semirigid prosthesis group is surgically easier to implant than the
      inflatable models and, except for fracturing of the silver wires in the Jonas
      model, has a low incidence of mechanical failure. However, the semirigid models
      are not as aesthetically pleasing or as sexually satisfying to both partners as
      are inflatable devices. Multicomponent inflatable penile prostheses have had a
      history of mechanical failure; however, improved design and materials have
      reduced this problem. Several new concepts in penile prostheses have recently
      been developed: the self-contained inflatable prosthesis and an articulating
      prosthesis made of a spring-loaded cable that runs through a series of plastic
      segments. The self-contained inflatable prosthesis contains a fluid reservoir
      within the device itself. This eliminates the need for a separate reservoir,
      pump, and connective tubing (AMS Hydroflex, Flexiflate). There are not yet enough
      long-term data available to evaluate these new single-component devices.

PMID- 3398205
TI  - [Clinical concept of the brain death].

PMID- 3398206
TI  - [Enflurane-fentanyl anesthesia for non-cardiac surgery of patients with ischemic
      heart disease].

PMID- 3398207
TI  - [Metabolism of lidocaine by cytochrome P-450].

PMID- 3398208
TI  - [Could hepatic venous oxygen content be an appropriate index of hepatic oxygen
      metabolism?].

PMID- 3398209
TI  - [The optimal Na ion concentration in preventing hemolysis of concentrated red
      cell dilution].

PMID- 3398210
TI  - [Hemodynamics during induced hypotension with continuous administration of
      nicardipine and enflurane].

PMID- 3398211
TI  - [Plethysmographic changes during epidural anesthesia].

PMID- 3398212
TI  - [Evaluation of endogenous leucine enkephalin like substance in human
      cerebrospinal fluid].

PMID- 3398213
TI  - [Changes in serum activities of granulocyte elastase, pancreatic secretory
      trypsin inhibitor (PSTI) and beta glucuronidase in patients undergoing
      cardiopulmonary bypass].

PMID- 3398214
TI  - [Effects of local anesthetics on the molal volume and thermal denaturation of
      bovine serum albumin].

PMID- 3398215
TI  - [Anesthetic management of a patient with achondroplasia].

PMID- 3398216
TI  - [Resistance to enflurane anesthesia in a patient with Guillain-Barre syndrome].

PMID- 3398217
TI  - [Epidural analgesia for patients with tracheoesophageal fistula].

PMID- 3398218
TI  - [Forty-four hour anesthesia for abdominal surgery].

PMID- 3398219
TI  - [Effects of isoflurane on hemodynamics and myocardial metabolism in the dog].

PMID- 3398220
TI  - [Hepatic effects of sevoflurane--changes in the drug-metabolizing enzyme and
      morphologic features].

PMID- 3398221
TI  - [Effects of sevoflurane anesthesia on serum levels of myoglobin and CPK in
      anesthetized children: a comparison with halothane].

PMID- 3398222
TI  - [Importance of the liver and the digestive tract in the formation of
      catecholamine conjugates].

PMID- 3398223
TI  - [Comparison of sublingual and intramuscular buprenorphine for pain relief after
      upper abdominal surgery].

PMID- 3398224
TI  - [Analgesic effect of epidural buprenorphine in volunteers].

PMID- 3398225
TI  - [In vivo response time of a transcutaneous carbon dioxide tension monitor].

PMID- 3398226
TI  - [Blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in anesthesia and operations, with special
      reference to FPA, FPB beta 15-42].

PMID- 3398228
TI  - [A complication of retrobulbar anesthesia].

PMID- 3398227
TI  - [Effect of FUT-175 on endotoxin-induced shock in the dog].

PMID- 3398230
TI  - [Anesthetic management of caesarean section in a patient with primary pulmonary
      hypertension].

PMID- 3398231
TI  - [Postoperative respiratory depression thought to be due to oral dantrolene
      pretreatment in a malignant hyperthermia-susceptible patient].

PMID- 3398229
TI  - [Unsuspected pheochromocytoma showing periodic and extreme fluctuation in blood
      pressure during and after abdominal surgery--a case report].

PMID- 3398232
TI  - [Profound hypothermia and venoarterial extracorporeal lung assist (ECLA) to
      minimize bleeding during surgical excision of a giant hemangioma in the maxilla].

PMID- 3398233
TI  - [Fully automated data logging system in an operating unit].

PMID- 3398234
TI  - [Distribution of phosphoenolpyruvate:lactose phosphotransferase system in
      staphylococci].

PMID- 3398235
TI  - [Establishment of a HAT selective medium-sensitive mutant human lymphoma cell
      line].

PMID- 3398236
TI  - Increased mortality of diabetics after acute myocardial infarction attributed to
      diffusely impaired left ventricular performance as assessed by echocardiography.
AB  - Five hundred and forty-eight patients who sustained their first acute myocardial
      infarction (AMI) were admitted to the coronary care unit (CCU). Ninety-eight of
      them were known diabetics. The diabetic patients were younger, 50 +/- 12 vs. 64
      +/- 18 years of age (p less than 0.05), and the proportion of females in their
      group was higher than in the nondiabetics, 44% vs. 33.4% (p less than 0.05). The
      in hospital mortality rate was 30% for diabetics and 16% for nondiabetics (p less
      than 0.001). Diabetics had a higher percentage of mortality caused by left
      ventricular failure (LVF) (p less than 0.025) and a tendency for more frequent
      complete A-V block (p less than 0.01) compared to nondiabetics. Obesity and a
      positive family history for coronary heart disease were more prevalent in the
      diabetic group (both p less than 0.01). The echocardiographic assessment of left
      ventricular function, performed in 125 consecutively admitted patients (25
      diabetics and 100 nondiabetics) on the 3rd-5th post-infarct day, showed that the
      indices of myocardial contractility, that is, E point septal separation (EPSS),
      ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS) were far more impaired in
      diabetics than in nondiabetics (p less than 0.01, p less than 0.005, p less than
      0.005, respectively). No significant difference was found in the prevalence of
      dyskinetic, akinetic and hypokinetic segments between the two categories of
      patients, suggesting no difference in the amount of myocardial mass affected by
      the AMI. Our results indicate that the increased incidence of LVF developed in
      diabetics after an AMI compared to nondiabetics may be caused by other factors,
      probably some form of latent diabetic cardiomyopathy as a result of either small
      vessel disease or metabolic disorder.

PMID- 3398237
TI  - A case of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia with prominent late
      potential.
AB  - A case of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia with frequent episodes of
      ventricular tachycardia (VT) in a 57-year-old man is reported. His
      electrocardiogram showed a normal axis and inverted T waves in V1-V3 during sinus
      rhythm and a left bundle branch block pattern during VT. The VT could be
      terminated by either intravenous administration of lidocaine or procainamide or
      by cardioversion. Echocardiogram and right ventriculography showed reduced wall
      motion of the apex and infundibulum of the dilated right ventricle. No evidence
      of ischemic heart disease was found by left ventriculography, coronary
      arteriography and RI scintigraphy. A prominent late potential following the QRS
      complex was recorded by averaging and magnifying the surface electrocardiogram.
      The combination of oral mexiletine and disopyramide partially suppressed the VT
      attacks and relieved the subjective symptoms, however the late potential remained
      almost unchanged.

PMID- 3398238
TI  - Prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in the Kingdom of Tonga.
AB  - The blood pressure, electrocardiographic findings and serum total cholesterol of
      Tongans, characterized by extreme obesity, were compared with those of Japanese
      employees of a trading firm in Tokyo. The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases
      in Tongans as far as assessed by these measurements was rather low for their
      excessive obesity. It is unclear whether the relatively low prevalence rate of
      cardiovascular diseases among the Tongans is due to genetic factors which might
      be considered an ethnological difference, or to environmental factors. Reducing
      weight is very difficult for many obese people. Accordingly, if "healthy obesity"
      exists, elucidation of its mechanism will be glad tidings for obese persons.
      However, the most prevalent diseases among the Tongans were the same as those of
      the developing countries. Consequently, imitating the Tongan lifestyle does not
      necessarily assure the longevity of obese persons of developed nations, although
      it may decrease the risk of the cardiovascular diseases.

PMID- 3398239
TI  - Danger of use of disopyramide in patients with hypertrophic obstructive
      cardiomyopathy. An electrophysiologic study.
AB  - A 61-year-old man with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy with asymptomatic
      ventricular tachycardia underwent electrophysiologic study. Double extrastimuli
      at the right ventricular outflow tract induced polymorphic ventricular
      tachycardia which degenerated into fibrillation. After intravenous administration
      of 50 mg of disopyramide, the pressure gradient in the outflow tract disappeared,
      but the tachycardia inducing zone appeared at the right ventricular apex.
      Although disopyramide may be used in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy to
      relieve the intraventricular pressure gradient, it should be used only after
      evaluating its safety and efficacy electrophysiologically.

PMID- 3398240
TI  - Contracted form of primary endocardial fibroelastosis in a young adult without
      congestive heart failure.
AB  - A case of a 24-year-old man with the contracted form of primary endocardial
      fibroelastosis diagnosed by left ventricular endomyocardial biopsy showing a
      markedly thickened endocardium with fibroelastic proliferation is reported. He
      had no evident symptoms of congestive heart failure except for shortness of
      breath on moderate exertion. Echocardiogram showed thickened and dense echoes
      from the left side of the septum and from the posterior left ventricular
      endocardium. Hemodynamic and angiographic studies revealed marked elevation of
      right and left ventricular end-diastolic pressures with dip and plateau pressure
      contours, moderate pulmonary hypertension, left atrial enlargement and mild
      mitral regurgitation. Further elevation of right and left ventricular diastolic
      pressures and pulmonary artery pressure was observed at the second evaluation
      after 5 years. Our patient suggests that primary endocardial fibroelastosis
      should be included in the differential diagnosis of adult patients with obscure
      types of cardiac disease.

PMID- 3398241
TI  - Premature opening of the pulmonary valve in endomyocardial fibrosis.
AB  - Two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiographic findings in a 67-year-old man with
      endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF) are described. The two-dimensional echocardiogram
      showed typical features of EMF, right ventricular endomyocardial calcification, a
      thickened right ventricular wall, obliteration of the apex of the right ventricle
      and marked dilatation of the right atrium. In addition, premature opening of the
      pulmonary valve was observed during late diastole. The Doppler echocardiogram
      revealed forward flow from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery,
      indicating the conduit state of the right ventricle. These findings were
      supported by cardiac catheterization and autopsy. Thus, two-dimensional and
      Doppler echocardiography are useful not only in making the diagnosis, but also in
      understanding the hemodynamic condition in EMF.

PMID- 3398242
TI  - Physiologic pacing in the elderly. Effects on exercise capacity and exercise
      induced arrhythmias.
AB  - It is not clear whether hemodynamic and other benefits from dual-chamber pacing
      also exist in elderly patients. We studied a group of 18 elderly patients (mean
      age 74 +/- 4 yrs) with exercise testing in DDD and VVI modes in a randomized way
      to compare the effects of these pacing modes on exercise capacity, atrial rate
      and exercise-induced arrhythmias. Patients were selected when complete heart
      block was present without clinical evidence of sinus node dysfunction.
      Significant differences were observed: atrial rate was lower during exercise in
      DDD-mode (p less than 0.01); exercise time and cumulative load increased (p less
      than 0.05); maximal oxygen uptake was improved (p less than 0.05). Some of these
      differences were less clear in a subgroup with replacement of a VVI-device by DDD
      stimulation. No differences could be observed in severity of exercise-induced
      arrhythmias. No evidence of sinus node dysfunction was found during exercise.
      Reprogramming of atrial sensitivity was required in 3 patients, with
      reprogramming to DVI because of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation once. Two patients
      died within a mean follow-up period of 13 months. Sinus rhythm was present at the
      most recent evaluation in all patients, including the patient stimulated in the
      DVI mode. Physiologic stimulation is of value for elderly patients with an active
      life style and complete heart block. Reprogramming to another pacing mode is only
      seldom necessary.

PMID- 3398243
TI  - Amiodarone and thyroid status in refractory arrhythmias.
AB  - Out of 20 subjects selected for refractory arrhythmias, amiodarone therapy (200
      mg/day) was efficacious in 85%. No statistically significant variations in
      electrocardiographic parameters (QTc) were observed; similarly, there was little
      evidence of side effects 1 year after initiation of treatment. These results were
      most likely due to the low daily dosage administered. We observed: 1) a
      significant increase in rT3 levels; 2) a decrease in TT3; 3) a uniform
      homeostasis of free fraction (FT3;FT4) These effects are all characteristic
      patterns of a "Low T3 Syndrome". The dosage of circulating amiodarone in 6
      patients with borderline hormonal status (3 hyper- and 3 hypothyroidism) was not
      found to be an efficacious test for therapeutic monitoring. Identification of a
      statistically significant linear regression relationship between cumulative dose
      of amiodarone and rT3 levels may be a useful test in clinical practise for
      establishing more appropriate therapeutic dosages. Furthermore, it provides a
      guideline for threshold levels (maximum rT3 = 100-110 ng/dl) which are in close
      association with several side effects.

PMID- 3398244
TI  - Electrocardiographic features of P waves from patients with transient atrial
      fibrillation.
AB  - The electrocardiographic characteristics of P waves from patients having more
      than two episodes of transient atrial fibrillation (T-af) were examined during an
      episode-free period. The P waves of these patients recorded from the X Y Z leads
      of Frank's lead system on high-speed and high-gain recordings revealed longer
      durations than those of the normal control subjects (p less than 0.001), while
      the standard 12 lead ECG did not show any difference in width between the 2
      groups. The configuration of the P loops on VCGs showed abnormal irregularities,
      such as bites or notches, in 16 of 28 cases of the T-af group. The maximum
      magnitudes of the P loops in VCGs and those in SVECGs were greater in the T-af
      group than those in the normal group (p less than 0.05). Body surface maps during
      atrial excitation showed that the duration of the anterior maximum was longer
      than that of the left maximum, and that the values of both maxima of the T-af
      group were longer than those of the normal group (p less than 0.01). These
      findings suggest the presence of intra-atrial conduction disturbances in patients
      with this disease, which might contribute to the genesis of this arrhythmia.
      Furthermore, these electrocardiographic characteristics of the P waves in the T
      af group can be used as predictive and diagnostic signs of this arrhythmia even
      during an episode-free period.

PMID- 3398245
TI  - Electrophysiologic study of patients with ventricular dysrhythmias during long
      term follow-up after repair of tetralogy of Fallot.
AB  - We performed an electrophysiologic study (EPS) in 8 patients who had received
      corrective surgery for tetralogy of Fallot. The mean age was 30 years. An average
      of 15 years had elapsed after corrective surgery. Two patients had episodes of
      syncope. ECG showed normal sinus rhythm in 7 patients and atrial fibrillation in
      1, and all had complete right bundle branch block. All patients had ventricular
      premature beats of grade 3 or higher of Lown's classification. Overdrive
      suppression test was performed in 6 patients. Corrected sinus node recovery time
      (CSNRT) ranged from 230 msec to 510 msec. Wenckebach block of atrioventricular
      nodal conduction occurred at rates of 130 to 170 bpm during atrial pacing. The H
      V interval was prolonged to 60 msec in 1 patient, but was below 55 msec in the
      others. Programmed stimulation induced ventricular tachycardia (VT) in 3
      patients, nonsustained VT in 2 and sustained VT in 1. In 2 of 3 patients, delayed
      potential or fragmentations were recorded in the outflow tract of the right
      ventricle. During the follow-up period of 20 months, 2 patients died suddenly.
      Their CSNRTs and H-V intervals were normal. Ventricular tachyarrhythmia seems to
      be important as a cause of late sudden death after repair of tetralogy of Fallot.

PMID- 3398246
TI  - Incorporation of venous resistance in Togawa's four quadrant diagram for Guyton's
      circulatory equilibrium.
AB  - Guyton indicates that the contribution of venous resistance to venous return
      resistance is magnified by the compliance ratio (30) of the venous compartment to
      the arterial compartment. Therefore, even a slightly increased venous resistance
      sensitively decreases venous return and hence cardiac output in the circulatory
      equilibrium. However, Guyton's diagram does not allow an easy and explicit
      evaluation of the effect of venous resistance on cardiac output. The circulatory
      equilibrium can be visualized graphically by Togawa's four quadrant diagram.
      However, Togawa's diagram does not include venous resistance. Therefore, I
      modified Togawa's diagram to incorporate venous resistance in the first quadrant
      for the cardiac output curve. The new diagram shows easily and explicitly that
      venous resistance sensitively tilts down either the venous return curve or the
      cardiac output curve and markedly decreases venous return and cardiac output.

PMID- 3398248
TI  - Sodium and potassium concentrations in erythrocytes of patients with congestive
      heart failure.
AB  - To study the changes in electrolyte concentrations in cells of patients with
      congestive heart failure, we measured the sodium and potassium concentrations in
      erythrocytes obtained from 34 stabilized patients treated with only digoxin and
      not with diuretics in order to avoid the effects of miscellaneous drugs and acute
      water overload. Patients were divided into classes I-III according to the NYHA
      classification. The values of urea nitrogen, hematocrit, and plasma sodium and
      potassium were not different among these groups. Serum digoxin concentration had
      a tendency to increase from class I to III, although not significantly. However,
      sodium concentration was significantly lower and potassium concentration was
      significantly higher in erythrocytes of class III, compared to class I patients.
      The erythrocyte sodium concentration was inversely related to the erythrocyte
      potassium concentration, but it was not related to the plasma sodium
      concentration or to the serum digoxin concentration. These results suggest that
      the reduced sodium concentration in patients with congestive heart failure was
      manifested earlier in erythrocytes than in plasma during long-term treatment with
      digoxin.

PMID- 3398247
TI  - Relationship between tracheal air flow and induced changes in intrathoracic
      volume. A basis for calibration of pneumocardiogram.
AB  - The volume of air moved into the trachea due to ventricular activity--a record of
      which is the pneumocardiogram (PNCG)--is always less than true stroke volume. A
      new method of investigating this relationship consists of inducing a known volume
      change (delta V in) within the thorax and measuring the volume of air (delta V
      out) recorded with a pneumotachograph connected to the trachea. The range of
      delta V in was from 4 ml to 36 ml. A linear relationship (mean r = 0.98, p less
      than 0.001) between delta V out and delta V in was observed in 19 anesthetized,
      intubated dogs: delta V out = (f) delta V in, where f = 0.53 +/- 0.09 (mean +/-
      SD). The coefficient, f, ranged from 0.40 to 0.71. These results demonstrate that
      although f is subject-dependent, delta V out reliably reflects changes in delta V
      in. It is suggested that the technique of inducing a known volume change within
      the thorax and measuring the volume of air recovered from the trachea could be
      used as a method for calibrating the pneumocardiogram to obtain stroke volume.

PMID- 3398249
TI  - Echocardiographic indexes of left ventricular contractility. Effect of load
      manipulation in arterial hypertension.
AB  - Load changes were obtained in 7 females with untreated primary hypertension by
      means of controlled intravenous infusion of sodium nitroprusside (0.2 mg/ml), in
      order to assess variations in the more usual indexes of left ventricular (LV)
      contractility to different loads and to verify that those indexes were
      independent of load. 2D-controlled M-mode echocardiograms were performed at
      baseline and when systolic blood pressure (SBP) had been reduced by 7, 16 and 23%
      for at least 5 min. Heart rate did not change during the test; decrease in SBP
      was associated with either decreases in both end-systolic dimension (LVIDs) and
      end-systolic stress (ESS), or an increase in systolic function. SBP/LVIDs,
      SBP/end-systolic volume (ESV) and ESS/LVIDs ratios were examined and compared as
      indexes of contractile state. SBP/ESV and ESS/LVIDs ratios showed great variation
      at all stages as compared to baseline values, while the SBP/LVIDs ratio did not
      change. The percent variation between the baseline values and the last stage of
      the test was 51% for the ESS/LVIDs ratio, 37% for the SBP/ESV and 5% for the
      SBP/LVIDs ratio. Best-fitting regression showed that a linear relationship
      existed only between SBP and LVIDs. Echocardiographic two-dimensional (as ESS) or
      three-dimensional derivations (as ESV) should be carefully employed when the
      contractile state is studied, while the SBP/LVIDs ratio can be easily used as a
      baseline value, as it is insensitive to changes in load.

PMID- 3398250
TI  - Diagnostic accuracy of continuous wave Doppler echocardiography in severe aortic
      stenosis in the elderly.
AB  - Forty-four male patients (mean age 63.6 years) with aortic stenosis (AS) were
      evaluated by conventional hemodynamic methods and continuous wave (CW) Doppler
      echocardiography. The relationship between Doppler mean gradients and direct mean
      pressure gradients in all patients was significant, with an r value of 0.88.
      Sixteen of 17 patients with a mean Doppler gradient greater than or equal to 40
      mmHg had severe AS (AVA less than or equal to 1.0 cm2). Twenty-seven patients had
      a Doppler gradient less than 40 mmHg, and 8 of these patients had severe AS (AVA
      less than or equal to 1.0 cm2). The sensitivity and specificity of a Doppler
      gradient greater than or equal to 40 mmHg in detecting severe AS were, therefore,
      67% and 95%, respectively. Thirty-three percent (8/24) of patients with severe AS
      and low Doppler gradients (less than 40 mmHg) had evidence of poor left
      ventricular function, evidenced by a lower cardiac output, a higher heart rate
      and an abnormal PEP/LVET ratio compared to the other patients. Thus, the presence
      of a low stroke volume less than or equal to 60 ml/beat and PEP/LVET x HR greater
      than 26 is of value in identifying patients where the Doppler is likely to
      significantly underestimate the degree of aortic stenosis.

PMID- 3398251
TI  - Angiographic correlate of post-reperfusion abnormal Q waves.
AB  - To determine whether post-reperfusion acute Q waves are due to irreversible
      myocardial necrosis, we studied the relationship between abnormal Q waves and
      left ventricular regional wall motion in 74 patients who had coronary
      thrombolysis following acute myocardial infarction. In 48 cases, acute pathologic
      Q waves appeared on the ECG-recordings after coronary reperfusion (group A),
      whereas in 26 patients the QRS complex had no or only minimal changes (group B).
      A control group consisted of 27 patients with unsuccessful thrombolysis.
      Quantitative left ventricular angiography was performed after coronary
      thrombolysis and repeated before discharge from the hospital. Regional wall
      motion of the infarcted area was determined by a system of 48 radii traced from
      the centroid of the end-diastolic and end-systolic silhouettes. Myocardial
      akinesis was significantly more extensive in group A than in group B (18 +/- 9%
      vs. 10 +/- 6%, p less than 0.02). Regional wall motion of the infarcted area
      improved in both groups at predischarge study (mean radial shortening +5 +/- 6%
      in group A and +4 +/- 7% in group B). Moreover, regional wall motion was
      significantly better in group A with respect to the control group (angio score of
      hypo-akinesis 166 +/- 124 vs. 412 +/- 174, p less than 0.01). In conclusion, post
      reperfusion abnormal Q waves 1) are associated with more extensive myocardial
      damage, 2) do not preclude late recovery of ischemic myocardium, and 3) do not
      necessarily indicate irreversible transmural necrosis.

PMID- 3398253
TI  - Effect of mild aerobic exercise on lipid and apolipoprotein levels in patients
      with essential hypertension.
AB  - The effects of supervised mild aerobic exercise at the work load of the blood
      lactate threshold for 10 weeks on serum lipids and apolipoproteins were studied
      in 24 patients with essential hypertension. Significant reduction in both
      systolic and diastolic blood pressure and increased maximal oxygen uptake were
      observed in both men and women. The high density lipoprotein cholesterol
      increased significantly following mild aerobic exercise in women. Apolipoprotein
      A-II was significantly elevated at the 4th week in women. No significant
      differences in total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein
      cholesterol, apolipoproteins A-I, C-II, C-III, B and E were observed in either
      men or women following an exercise program. These data demonstrate the different
      effect of mild aerobic exercise therapy on high density lipoprotein in
      hypertensive men and women.

PMID- 3398252
TI  - Does placebo lower blood pressure in hypertensive patients? A noninvasive
      chronobiological study.
AB  - Placebo controlled trials have generally been used in order to evaluate the
      antihypertensive efficacy of drugs. There is some evidence, though, that blood
      pressure might not be influenced by placebo. Non-invasive devices for automatic
      blood pressure monitoring are likely to provide a better assessment of blood
      pressure response to drugs, as well as to different physiologic and pathologic
      conditions, than the traditional sphygmomanometric devices. The aim of this study
      was to investigate the effect of placebo on blood pressure recorded automatically
      and non-invasively. For this purpose, a chronobiologic approach to the
      collection, evaluation and interpretation of data seemed most appropriate. A
      group of 12 patients with a clinical diagnosis of essential hypertension
      underwent automatic blood pressure monitoring in hospital for 4 days.
      Measurements were taken every 15 min by an oscillometric instrument with an
      automatically inflated cuff. After a washout period during which the patients
      received no treatment, pressure recording was undertaken under basal conditions
      for 2 days. On the third and fourth days of study, the patients received 2
      tablets of placebo, one at 10 a.m. and one at 10 p.m. In each patient a highly
      significant circadian rhythm was documented for systolic and diastolic pressure,
      both under basal conditions and during placebo administration. Blood pressure
      mesors were higher than reference standards and were not significantly affected
      by placebo. The circadian amplitudes and acrophases did not differ significantly
      before and during placebo. Our data indicate that automatically recorded blood
      pressure is not influenced by placebo.

PMID- 3398254
TI  - Is coronary sinus blood oxygen tension behavior determined by myocardial oxygen
      tension variation during cardiac reperfusion?
AB  - The relationship between coronary sinus blood oxygen tension (CSPO2) and
      myocardial oxygen tension (MPO2) variations during cardiac ischemia and
      reperfusion was studied in anesthetized open-chest dogs. Oxygen tension was
      measured by a polarographic method. Ischemia resulted in a slightly decreased
      CSPO2 and a more pronounced reduction of MPO2. After reperfusion the CSPO2 rose
      rapidly and transiently before it returned gradually to the control level. By
      contrast, during the recovery period, the MPO2 increased slowly, with recovery
      occurring long after the peak of CSPO2. These data suggest that during the
      reperfusion phase, the CSPO2 variation is probably due to opening of the
      myocardial arteriovenous shunts instead of an increase of flow through the
      myocardial capillary bed.

PMID- 3398255
TI  - The role of dopamine in the regulation of neurotransmitter release in
      spontaneously hypertensive rats.
AB  - The purpose of the present study was to analyze the influence of dopamine on
      norepinephrine release in resistance vessels in spontaneously hypertensive rats
      (SHR). Perfused mesenteric vasculature preparations from spontaneously
      hypertensive rats (7-10 weeks old) and age-matched normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats
      (WKY) were used to compare the effects of dopamine on both pressor responses and
      norepinephrine release. Both responses to electrical nerve stimulation were
      significantly greater in SHR than in WKY rats. Dopamine reduced these responses
      in a dose-dependent manner in WKY. However, this suppression of responses to
      electrical stimulation was attenuated in SHR. These results suggest that the
      enhanced adrenergic transmission in SHR may partly reflect impaired dopamine
      mediated inhibition of nerve terminals, which would contribute to the
      pathogenesis of hypertension.

PMID- 3398257
TI  - A case of progressive muscular dystrophy with numerous arterioluminal vessels.
AB  - A 48-year-old man had histologically demonstrated cardiac involvement associated
      with progressive muscular dystrophy. On coronary arteriography, numerous vascular
      communications between the coronary arteries and the left ventricular chamber
      were found. These vascular communications are considered to be the arterioluminal
      vessels. This is the first report of a case of progressive muscular dystrophy
      with numerous arterioluminal vessels.

PMID- 3398256
TI  - Effects of calcium-channel blockers on picrotoxin-induced centrogenic arrhythmias
      in cats.
AB  - Intravenous picrotoxin injection has been established as a model of producing
      arrhythmias, mainly through enhanced central sympathetic outflow. The effects of
      calcium-channel blockers, and a beta-blocker on these arrhythmias were tested in
      chloralose-anesthetized cats. Picrotoxin (10 mg/kg, i.v.) produced mostly
      ventricular, sometimes supraventricular tachycardias and ectopic beats, as well
      as a marked elevation of arterial blood pressure. Nifedipine at the doses of 2
      micrograms/kg (i.v. or i.c.) and 5 micrograms/kg (i.v.) transiently suppressed
      the arrhythmias in some of the cats tested. With the dose of 10 micrograms/kg
      (i.v.), it promptly and consistently abolished the arrhythmias without recurrence
      and significantly reduced the blood pressure (-62 +/- 8/-59 +/- 8 mmHg, delta
      systolic pressure/delta diastolic pressure, p less than 0.001, n = 9). A similar
      degree of blood pressure reduction (-69 +/- 8/-67 +/- 7 mmHg, n = 6) after sodium
      nitroprusside (4-5 mg/kg, i.v.) injection abolished the arrhythmias in 4 of 6
      cats; however, there was marked ECG evidence of myocardial ischemia in 3 cats.
      Verapamil (50 micrograms/kg, i.v.) transiently abolished the arrhythmias and
      significantly decreased the blood pressure (7/7 cats), whereas a larger dose (150
      micrograms/kg) had a persistent effect (2/4 cats). Propranolol at a dose of 240
      micrograms/kg also consistently abolished the arrhythmias without recurrence in
      all 4 cats. We conclude that nifedipine, verapamil and propranolol are effective
      in the treatment of picrotoxin-induced arrhythmias. This result indicates that
      calcium-channel blockers or beta-blockers may be clinically effective in the
      treatment or prevention of arrhythmias caused by intracranial lesions with
      enhanced sympathetic outflow.

PMID- 3398258
TI  - Supraventricular tachycardia in a patient with Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome
      associated with apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
AB  - Electrophysiologic study of a 55-year-old patient with Lown-Ganong-Levine
      syndrome associated with apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is reported. The
      patient had a history of recurrent attacks of tachyarrhythmia and his
      electrocardiogram showed a short P-R interval (0.10 sec) with narrow QRS complex
      and left ventricular hypertrophy with giant negative T waves. His cineangiogram
      showed severe apical hypertrophy. An electrophysiologic study was performed. The
      results of programmed atrial pacing show the existence of the dual A-V nodal
      pathways. The A-H interval at rapid atrial pacing increased maximally by 103
      msec. Atrial stimulation could depolarize parts of the atrium without altering
      the supraventricular tachycardia. These findings suggested that preferential
      rapidly conducting A-V nodal and intranodal reentry are the responsible
      mechanisms in this reciprocating tachycardia. We conclude that the short P-R
      interval was due to intranodal reentry through the dual A-V nodal pathways. To
      our knowledge, a case of Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome with apical hypertrophic
      cardiomyopathy has not been previously described in the literature.

PMID- 3398259
TI  - [Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in patients aged 70 or older].
AB  - Fourty-one patients, referred to the Department of Radiology, Chiba University
      Hospital from 1975 through July, 1987, have been analyzed to determine their
      prognostic factors. These patients showed a less favorable prognosis (2 and 5
      year actuarial survival, 30% and 19% respectively) compared with the younger
      patients. The histological grade by WF and their clinical stage reflected the
      prognosis well. Although the achievement of complete remission seemed to affect
      prognosis favorably, aggressive regimens with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy
      often caused their deaths. In senile patients with NHL, it is a prerequisite to
      consider the effects on the patient of curative therapy more carefully,
      especially when Adriamycin is used.

PMID- 3398260
TI  - [A study on the correlation of histopathological findings with prognostic factors
      in maxillary antrum carcinoma].
AB  - Radiotherapy is usually employed as a part of a multidisciplinary treatment for
      squamous cell carcinoma of the maxillary antrum. In general, the clinical stage
      classification relates well with the prognosis. Sometimes, however, even early
      cases may have a poor prognosis if some other prognostic factors also are
      related. According to the histopathological findings of biopsy specimens of 74
      patients, a grading on malignancy is discussed. Three different morphological
      parameters have been evaluated with respect to the tumor cell population in terms
      of the four-point scale. This has permitted a grading with total points ranging
      from 3-12. The correlation between the degree of histopathological malignancy and
      neck node metastasis has been found to be remarkable.

PMID- 3398261
TI  - [Hypothesis for the histogenesis of atypical epithelial proliferation in the
      stomach].
AB  - Atypical epithelial proliferation has been described in various ways, such as
      ATP, and IIa-subtype, an adenoma, and as dysplasia in the stomach. Although the
      gross findings are variable, showing a protruded and/or concave appearance, these
      lesions have an intimate relationship with the intestinal metaplasia. Atypical
      epithelial proliferation lesions develop in 2 fashions. The first type, of
      proliferation is a superficial type with the capability of transition to the deep
      non-atypical glands, and may arise in association with a superficial type of
      intestinal metaplasia. The second type of proliferation may arise from an area
      affected by complete intestinal metaplasia, in the mitotic region in the bottom
      of the gland. The majority of the protruded types may arise from the first lesion
      described, and the majority of the concave types from the second.

PMID- 3398262
TI  - [Apocrine carcinoma of the breast--a morphologic comparison of the apocrine sweat
      glands and the apocrine metaplastic epithelia in mastopathy].
AB  - An operatively removed apocrine carcinoma of the breast from a 62-year-old
      Japanese lady has been observed by the ABC method, using the monoclonal antibody
      115D8. The cancer cells and metaplastic epithelia exhibited similar
      ultrastructural findings (an apical snout, apocrine granules, etc.) as the
      apocrine sweat gland cells, although no evidence of apocrine secretion could be
      detected. The immunohistochemical testing, using monoclonal antibody, 115D8,
      showed an apical, linear, dot-like, staining in the supranuclear regions on the
      apocrine sweat gland cells and on the apocrine metaplastic cells of the mammary
      gland. Similar stainability also was observed in the well-differentiated area of
      the apocrine carcinoma, while a heterogeneity in staining, such as unstained
      cells and diffuse cytoplasmic-stained cells were found in the poorly
      differentiated areas. These abnormal staining patterns indicate the malignant
      changes of the apocrine cells.

PMID- 3398263
TI  - [A minute, solitary carcinoid of the stomach with a lymph node metastasis--a case
      report].
AB  - The patient, a 25-year-old woman, complained of epigastralgia. Her physical
      examination and routine laboratory data were unremarkable, though an upper G-I
      series and a gastro-endoscopy demonstrated a small sessile polypoid lesion at the
      posterior wall of the gastric body. An endoscopic biopsy specimen taken from the
      polyp revealed a typical carcinoid tumor. The patient underwent a wedge resection
      of the stomach and a sampling was taken of the regional lymph node around the
      left gastric vessels. Histologically, although the carcinoid tumor was 5 mm in
      diameter and limited to within the submucosal layer, it showed lymphatic and
      venous invasion into the submucosal layer and had metastasized to one of the
      regional lymph nodes around the left gastric vessels. Therefore, a total
      gastrectomy with an extended lymph node dissection was performed and no other
      metastatic lesion was uncovered. Of the reported cases with a gastric carcinoid
      thus far, none with a tumor size of less than 5 mm has evidenced metastasis. This
      case suggests that even cases of a minute gastric carcinoid should be treated by
      radical gastrectomy and extended lymph node dissection.

PMID- 3398264
TI  - [A case of vulva cancer responding to the recombinant human tumor necrosis factor
      (PT-950)--local injection therapy].
AB  - A case of vulva cancer responding to the recombinant human tumor necrosis factor
      (rHu-TNF: PT-050), which had been administered to double inguinal lymph nodes, is
      herein reported. A 60-year-old female underwent resection of a vulva cancer
      following a diagnosis of condyloma acuminatum. After surgery, however,
      exacerbation of a residual tumor, sited on the right of the vulva, and metastasis
      of the double inguinal lymph nodes were uncovered. For treatment, rHu-TNF was
      injected in the inguinal lymph nodes at a dose of 1 x 10(6)U per injection, 2
      times a week. After 8 therapeutic sessions for 4 weeks, a marked response was
      observed not only in swelling of the lymph nodes, into which rHu-TNF had been
      injected, but also in the tumor of primary focus, which received no injections.
      On the 32 nd day after the final injection of rHu-TNF, the tumor of primary focus
      completely disappeared and the swelling of lymph nodes had diminished to 25% of
      the initial volume.

PMID- 3398265
TI  - [Measurement of platelet antibody in various diseases].

PMID- 3398267
TI  - [An adult case of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma with diffuse bone marrow
      involvement].

PMID- 3398266
TI  - [Changes in protein C inhibitor in disseminated intravascular coagulation:
      relationship with heparin cofactor II and alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor].

PMID- 3398269
TI  - [Usefulness of MRI with Gd-DTPA in brain tumors].

PMID- 3398268
TI  - [A case of rheumatoid arthritis complicated with idiopathic thrombocytopenic
      purpura].

PMID- 3398270
TI  - [MR imaging of neurogenic tumors of the carotid space].

PMID- 3398271
TI  - [MRI of orbital blow-out fractures].

PMID- 3398272
TI  - [Staging of renal cell carcinoma by magnetic resonance imaging].

PMID- 3398273
TI  - [MRI of retroperitoneal lesions using a rapid pulse sequence method and Gd-DTPA
      enhancement].

PMID- 3398274
TI  - [Magnetic resonance imaging of the cruciate ligament].

PMID- 3398276
TI  - [A new approach to percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography--selective
      percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography].

PMID- 3398277
TI  - [Cortical irregularity of the medial posterior distal femoral metaphysis].

PMID- 3398275
TI  - [Effectiveness of computed tomographic scanning of abdominal masses in children
      with the contrast medium injected into a vein in the foot].

PMID- 3398279
TI  - [A case of Bochdalek hernia accompanied by complicated anomalies of the IVC and
      hepatic vein].

PMID- 3398278
TI  - [131I-MIBG scintigraphy of neuroblastoma].

PMID- 3398280
TI  - [Traumatic pneumocephalus caused by a stab wound to the neck].

PMID- 3398281
TI  - [A case of pedunculated mediastinal lipoma--significance of the combined use of
      CT and diagnostic pneumothorax].

PMID- 3398282
TI  - [A case of early esophageal cancer relapsing 3 years and 6 months after radiation
      therapy].

PMID- 3398283
TI  - [A case of infantile protein losing gastroenteropathy due to chronic volvulus].

PMID- 3398285
TI  - [Postoperative splenic arteriovenous fistula with portal hypertension: successful
      closure by transcatheter arterial embolization].

PMID- 3398284
TI  - [A case of metastatic liver tumor showing portal vein thrombus and inferior vena
      cava thrombus].

PMID- 3398286
TI  - [Three cases of pheochromocytoma of the urinary bladder].

PMID- 3398287
TI  - [Development of a computer system for use in the management of the radiology
      patient and research information data].

PMID- 3398288
TI  - [A study on the effect of physical load of baseball umpire, during a baseball
      game in the summer].

PMID- 3398289
TI  - [Direct determination of inorganic and organic mercury in urine by flameless
      atomic absorption spectrophotometry using the alkaline-reduction technique--a
      modification of the method of Littlejohn et al. (1976)].

PMID- 3398290
TI  - [A comparative study on serum carotene concentrations in inhabitants living in
      rural areas in Japan and China].

PMID- 3398291
TI  - [The simultaneous determination of inorganic anions using an ion chromatographic
      method: comparisons with colorimetric assays].

PMID- 3398292
TI  - [The reaction of skin temperature of limbs to heated conditions in winter and the
      influence of socks].

PMID- 3398293
TI  - [A study on the health examination services under the health service law for the
      aged--analysis of the differences among local governments by population size].

PMID- 3398294
TI  - Fluorometric determination of prostaglandins and thromboxane in plasma by high
      performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 3398295
TI  - [Emissions of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins from municipal incinerators].

PMID- 3398296
TI  - [Characteristics of medical institutions visited by patients with 26 intractable
      diseases].

PMID- 3398297
TI  - [A study on the factors associated with the intelligence level of the aged].

PMID- 3398298
TI  - [Effects of volcanic activity on the mortality figures for respiratory diseases].

PMID- 3398299
TI  - [Determination of left ventricular volume by standard voxel count method without
      blood sampling and blood counting].

PMID- 3398300
TI  - [Bone and bone marrow scintigraphy and measurement of bone mineral density by
      photon absorptiometry in osteopetrosis].

PMID- 3398301
TI  - [Profile of a nurse. Ms. Sachiko Inohana, a hospital volunteer worker active at
      Kyoto Minami Hospital].

PMID- 3398302
TI  - [Start of a home care nursing service organized by nurses].

PMID- 3398303
TI  - [Lessons from medical and nursing accidents: on safety in nursing].

PMID- 3398304
TI  - [Approach to the prevention of iatrogenic accidents in the hospital environment:
      activities of a committee to prevent iatrogenic accidents at Atsugi Hospital,
      Kanagawa Prefecture].

PMID- 3398306
TI  - [In the background of iatrogenic accidents].

PMID- 3398305
TI  - [The role of legal responsibilities of nurses as seen in case studies].

PMID- 3398307
TI  - [A nurse in a legal dispute: a comment by a nurse defendant].

PMID- 3398308
TI  - [A lesson from the fatal incident involving my daughter: a statement by a mother
      who lost her daughter through an iatrogenic accident].

PMID- 3398309
TI  - [Home care services by Minamata Kyoritsu Hospital: home nursing practice in the
      past 13 years].

PMID- 3398310
TI  - [Bedside nursing. Nursing of a vegetative patient based on emotional responses.
      2. Interactions with favorite nurses].

PMID- 3398311
TI  - [Patient observation by Ms. Watt. 4. "The patient as the focal point": The
      magnitude of despair as a reflection of will power].

PMID- 3398312
TI  - [Information technology for nurses. Sorting of information (2)].

PMID- 3398314
TI  - [Diary of a physician stationed at a hospital. 19. Attitude facing urgent
      situations].

PMID- 3398313
TI  - [Medical care and welfare in the aging society. 23. Geriatric care as a
      profession].

PMID- 3398315
TI  - [Nursing study in England. 19. Temporary return home (2)].

PMID- 3398316
TI  - [Life and care of cancer patients: nursing of patients with colonic cancer.
      Response to patients' families].

PMID- 3398317
TI  - [Problems associated with nursing of patients with colonic cancer, complicated by
      functional disorders following enterostomy].

PMID- 3398318
TI  - [Management of pre- and postoperative infections in patients with colonic
      cancer].

PMID- 3398319
TI  - [Nursing activities in assisting patients with colonic cancer complicated by
      urination and defecation disorders].

PMID- 3398320
TI  - [Decision on enterostomy and the psychological follow-up of the patient after
      surgical decision making].

PMID- 3398321
TI  - [Marking of the enterostomy site for patients with colonic cancer].

PMID- 3398322
TI  - [Guidance of enterostomy patients toward social rehabilitation--patient education
      at discharge for the prevention of skin diseases].

PMID- 3398323
TI  - [Nursing of patients with colonic cancer who were slow in acquiring the capacity
      for independent urination following enterostomy].

PMID- 3398324
TI  - [Problems in the management of the stoma on the transverse colon and the practice
      of skin care].

PMID- 3398326
TI  - [Nursing of a patient with colonic cancer who was apprehensive of the results of
      enterostomy and showed little interest in social rehabilitation--a positive
      effect of interactions with the family during the crisis].

PMID- 3398325
TI  - [Nursing to promote independence of patients with colonic cancer following
      enterostomy--an attempt at primary nursing].

PMID- 3398327
TI  - [Current status of and future trends in the rehabilitation of enterostomy
      patients].

PMID- 3398328
TI  - [Sexual dysfunction in patients with stomas, and their counseling].

PMID- 3398329
TI  - [On the discharge of schizophrenic patients--the status of families accepting the
      patients].

PMID- 3398330
TI  - [Clinical experience in the use of new material, organic electroconductive fiber
      Sanderon SS-N, for the prevention of decubitus ulcer].

PMID- 3398331
TI  - [Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia].

PMID- 3398332
TI  - [Tests required for the diagnosis of gastric and duodenal ulcer and their
      significance].

PMID- 3398333
TI  - [Specialized ambulatory care. 5. Nursing of ambulatory diabetic patients].

PMID- 3398335
TI  - [Life and care of cancer patients: nursing of leukemia patients. The quality of
      life and medical care of cancer patients].

PMID- 3398334
TI  - [Preparation of a standard for the care of patients following choledochotomy--a
      problem of cholestasis].

PMID- 3398336
TI  - [Adverse effects associated with therapy and nursing problems of leukemia
      patients].

PMID- 3398337
TI  - [Management of hemorrhage in leukemia patients].

PMID- 3398338
TI  - [Antiseptic management of the room of leukemic patients].

PMID- 3398339
TI  - [Design to improve the quality of life of leukemic patients].

PMID- 3398340
TI  - [Support of families of leukemic patients--special consideration for their visits
      and overnight stays at the hospital and arranging applications for public
      assistance].

PMID- 3398342
TI  - [Nursing of a leukemic patient with severe nausea and vomiting caused by
      chemotherapy].

PMID- 3398341
TI  - [Nursing of an aging leukemic patient with repeated hospitalizations--the
      patient's desire for recovery in relation to the awareness of her role as wife].

PMID- 3398343
TI  - [Current status of drug therapy in leukemia].

PMID- 3398344
TI  - [Survey of patients following the creation of an ileal conduit--a survey by
      questionnaire].

PMID- 3398345
TI  - [Nursing of a patient with a giant cerebellar arteriovenous malformation--with
      special reference to bedside training for functional recovery to improve
      postoperative cerebellar ataxia].

PMID- 3398346
TI  - [Keypoints in monitoring of arrhythmia--6. Ventricular tachycardia].

PMID- 3398347
TI  - [Diagnostic tests for ulcerative colitis and the significance of their outcome].

PMID- 3398348
TI  - [Preparation of a nursing standard in facing common problems among patients
      following gastrectomy--the problem of suture dehiscence].

PMID- 3398349
TI  - Proceedings for the 12th meeting of the Japanese Society of Sleep Research. May
      22-23, 1987, Tokushima. Abstracts.

PMID- 3398350
TI  - Psychopathology of K. Schneider's mania.
AB  - An investigation of 107 patients diagnosed as having mania, according to the
      criteria of K. Schneider, showed that this mania is a syndrome of affective,
      psychomotor, behavioral and formal thought disturbances, while productive
      psychotic symptoms are rare. Four psychopathological subgroups were defined: (1)
      mixed mania, (2) irritable mania, (3) megalomania, and (4) flight-of-ideas mania.

PMID- 3398352
TI  - Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop for the Clinical Research on Chronobiology.
      September 23-24, 1987, Tokyo. Abstracts.

PMID- 3398351
TI  - Proceedings of the fifth meeting of the Japanese Association for Adolescent
      Psychiatry. September 12, 1987, Kokuyo Hall, Tokyo. Abstracts.

PMID- 3398353
TI  - Nonpsychopathological features of K. Schneider's mania.
AB  - The nonpsychopathological features of 107 patients diagnosed as having mania were
      compared to those of 1,208 patients with the diagnosis of schizophrenia. Both
      diagnoses were made according to K. Schneider's criteria. Significant differences
      were found between the two groups in regard to the age of onset, marital status
      and educational and occupational levels. Manic patients tended to become ill more
      as age advances than schizophrenics, and exhibited better educational and
      occupational levels. The premorbid adjustment level of manic patients was found
      to be higher than that of schizophrenics.

PMID- 3398354
TI  - The significance of preadolescent mentality in the treatment of borderline
      patient.
AB  - After reviewing the history of conceptual and procedural changes in borderline
      patients, the author pointed out that the recent emphasis on the aggression and
      its origination in infancy in its treatment seems to blur the developmental
      issues in preadolescence and adolescence and to present difficulty in concluding
      the treatment. And a borderline case of the patient, a 20-year-old single woman
      with various symptoms, was presented. An examination of the course of treatment
      revealed that in order to better understand the process of therapeutic change it
      would be best to set the third phase with a strong narcissistic coloration
      between the working-through and separation-termination phases described by
      Masterson, J.F. Finally, it was emphasized that this narcissistic phase is a
      repetition not only found in childhood, but also in the preadolescent development
      and its disturbances.

PMID- 3398355
TI  - Influence of sex on age at onset of schizophrenia.
AB  - The age at onset of schizophrenia was investigated in 2,417 inpatients (1,433
      males and 984 females) meeting the DSM-III criteria for schizophrenia. About 80%
      of the patients became schizophrenic before the age of 30. The mean age at onset
      of the male patients was slightly earlier than that of the female patients. There
      was a higher cumulative percentage of the male patients who became affected at
      each age quinquennium. More men than women became schizophrenic before the age of
      30.

PMID- 3398356
TI  - The dexamethasone suppression test for Japanese with eating disorders.
AB  - A one-mg oral overnight dexamethasone suppression test (DST) was conducted on 22
      inpatients with eating disorders. To confirm that the dexamethasone tablets had
      been ingested, we measured the plasma concentrations of dexamethasone the next
      morning (at 0900 hr after DST). The diagnosis of anorexia nervosa and bulimia was
      made according to the criteria for DSM-III, respectively. Of the 22 patients with
      eating disorders, 16 satisfied the criteria for anorexia nervosa and 6 for
      bulimia. The DST was carried out within 2 weeks of hospitalization on each
      patient. The subjects were given 1 mg of dexamethasone in the evening (at 2300
      hr) and blood samples were collected the following day (at 0900, 1600 and 2100
      hr, respectively). The plasma cortisol and dexamethasone levels were concurrently
      determined by RIA. The criterion for non-suppression was a failure to suppress
      the plasma cortisol levels below 5.0 micrograms/dl in any one of the three
      samples. All but one patient with bulimia had ingested the dexamethasone.
      Thirteen (62%) of 21 patients with eating disorders were nonsuppressors. We found
      a significant positive correlation between the plasma cortisol levels at 1600 hr
      or 2100 hr and a decrease in ideal body weight (n = 16, r = 0.613, p less than
      0.05; r = 0.75, p less than 0.01, respectively) and a significant inverse
      relationship between the plasma dexamethasone levels at 0900 hr and the plasma
      cortisol levels at 1600 hr was recognized (n = 21, r = 0.631, p less than 0.01).
      These results suggest that the blood dexamethasone levels as well as body weight
      might contribute to the abnormalities of DST seen in patients with eating
      disorders.

PMID- 3398357
TI  - Serum and cerebrospinal fluid vitamin B12 levels in demented patients with CH3
      B12 treatment--preliminary study.
AB  - The vitamin B12 (VB12) parameter was studied in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid
      (CSF) of 14 demented patients. Eleven of these patients were in a state of
      dementia of the degenerative type such as Alzheimer's disease, senile dementia
      and Pick's disease. The serum VB12 concentration in all the patients was within
      normal limits, i.e. 500-1,300 pg/ml. There was no significant difference between
      the CSF-VB12 levels and the severity of dementia. The serum and CSF-VB12 levels
      of the demented patients did not show any significant elevation after the oral
      administration of CH3-B12, 2 mg per day. On the other hand, there was a marked
      elevation of both the serum and CSF-VB12 after an oral medication (2 mg per day)
      plus intramuscular administrations (500 micrograms per day). These results
      confirm that the intramuscular administration of CH3-B12 is an effective way to
      get a higher value of the serum and CSF-VB12 levels.

PMID- 3398358
TI  - Duration of delirium shortened by the correction of electrolyte imbalance.
AB  - Among 53 delirious patients with an electrolyte imbalance in the serum, the
      duration of delirium in 18 cases was significantly shortened by the correction of
      electrolyte imbalance, compared with that of 35 cases of delirium without an
      electrolyte correction. The mean duration of delirium (mean value +/- SE)
      corrected by electrolyte was 9.4 +/- 1.9 days, whereas the mean duration of
      delirium without the electrolyte correction was 25.7 +/- 4.6 days. The mean
      duration of delirium in 13 cases without the electrolyte imbalance was 25.0 +/-
      6.6 days. From these results, the electrolyte correction should be done
      systematically for the delirious patients as a treatment for the disorder.

PMID- 3398359
TI  - A relationship between clomipramine brain concentration and its effect on
      serotonin metabolism.
AB  - The relationship between clomipramine (CMP) brain concentration and its
      inhibitory effect on serotonin (5HT) turnover was investigated in rats treated
      with a single dose and multiple doses of CMP. CMP reduced the 5-hydroxyindole
      acetic acid (5HIAA) brain levels in two groups of rats. Concerning the 5HT
      turnover measured by the probenecid (PBC) technique, there were significant
      correlations between the CMP brain level (x) and 5HIAA brain level (y) after PBC
      injections in both acute and chronic experiments. The regression lines for the
      respective groups were y = 764 - 117 log x (r = 0.84, P less than 0.001) and y =
      770 - 97.7 log x (r = 0.68, P less than 0.001). The regression coefficient for
      the acute experiment was greater than that for the chronic one (p less than
      0.001), indicating a less dose-response in the latter. From these findings, the
      acute dosing with CMP seemed to reduce the 5HT turnover without reference to the
      dose but a prolonged administration seemed to vary in its effect. This may be due
      to a compensatory mechanism in the 5HT system induced by chronic CMP-treatment.

PMID- 3398360
TI  - [Interactive effects of job complexity and boundary spanning on internal
      motivation].
AB  - The hypothesis was that boundary spanning roles should be enriched because those
      who have such roles must behave flexibly in order to make decisions efficiently
      when interacting with an uncertain environment. The hypothesis was not supported
      in a questionnaire study of 221 public officials in a city government. Boundary
      roles need not necessarily have been accompanied by enriched jobs. To the public
      officials questioned interaction with external environment may be a part of their
      routines and not particularly stimulating. An unexpected finding was obtained
      which suggested complementary relationships between interdependent jobs and
      boundary spanning roles. In more closed groups in which all members need not have
      performed boundary spanning roles, interdependent jobs facilitated integration
      and motivated public officials. The more open the groups were, the more
      independent were their members. But in the most open groups in which each member
      interacted with externals and in which the boundaried were not significant, an
      interdependent job was needed to confirm membership and to motivate the members.

PMID- 3398361
TI  - [Attributes of memory that mediate priming effects in perceptual identification].
AB  - Two experiments were conducted to explore the nature of the memory trace that
      mediated priming effects in perceptual identification. In Experiment I, the
      script type of items (Kana and Kanji) was manipulated between study and test
      phases. Priming effects were greater when the script type was held constant
      between study and test. This suggested that memory for physical information
      mediates priming effects. Experiment II was designed for dissociation between
      phonemic and semantic information of the memory trace, using homophones as study
      and test items. Subjects more readily identified homophones that were both
      phonemically and semantically constant between study and test than homophones
      that were only phonemically constant. Further, significant priming effects were
      obtained even when the physical and semantic information were changed between
      study and test. These results suggested that not only memory for physical
      information but also for phonemic and semantic information mediates priming
      effects in perceptual identification.

PMID- 3398362
TI  - [A study of evaluation of elementary school environment].
AB  - This study aims to investigate the axes for estimating the elementary school
      environment. There are many elements which seems to have an effect on pupil's
      cognition of school environment. Among them, three elements (school scale,
      learning program, and structure) were selected. A questionnaire survey concerned
      with the school environment was carried out to 11 elementary schools which vary
      in these three elements. The subjects were 2,892 pupils (forth-sixth grade). The
      questions were 103 items on various cognitions, such as space, class, teacher,
      etc. Using factor analysis, five factors (crowding and rule, autonomy, want for
      change, pliable use of space, and unity of class) were found. Four of them relate
      to these elements. Examining the characteristics of each type of school, the
      similarity between the open school and the small school, i.e. luck of the unity
      of class, was suggested.

PMID- 3398363
TI  - [Comprehension of synesthetic expressions: cross-modal modifications of sense
      adjectives].
AB  - This study examined (a) acceptability of phrases whose modifier adjective and
      head noun refer to different sense modalities, and (b) such cross-modal adjective
      properties by means of similarity judgment of these phrases. In Experiment 1, 58
      subjects rated 60 sense adjectives as to their acceptability in modifying nine
      modality-denoting nouns (touch, taste, smell; color, sound; memory, mood, idea,
      personality). The phrases were rated highly acceptable when the adjectives
      denoting lower-modal qualities were combined with the nouns denoting higher-modal
      contents (e.g., soft sound, sweet mood, bright memory). In Experiment 2, two
      groups of 30 subjects judged the similarity of the highly acceptable phrases for
      each of the nine modality-denoting nouns. Multidimensional scaling of these data
      revealed two- and three-dimensional configurations of the adjectives for each
      modality-denoting noun. Multiple regression analysis indicated that two
      independently rated properties, pleasantness and intensity, provided a
      satisfactory interpretation of each configuration. Canonical correlation analysis
      indicated that most of the first- and second-order canonical correlations among
      the nine three-dimensional configurations were significant. These results suggest
      that there is a common dimension of sense adjectives across different modalities.

PMID- 3398364
TI  - [An experimental study of the hand test situation: effects of test definition
      during instruction on hand test performance].
AB  - The purpose of this study was to examine how Hand Test performance is affected by
      test definition included with task instructions. The Hand Test was administered
      to male college students equally divided into three groups which differed in
      terms of the type of test definition included with the task instruction as
      follows: (1) Emotionally disturbed test definition (ED Group); (2) Imagery test
      definition (IM Group); and, (3) Standard instruction with no test definition (N
      Group). The MMPI was subsequently administered to all subjects with the following
      results. The ED Group revealed higher DES and lower ACQ scores than the N Group.
      The IM Group obtained higher DES and TEN scores and lower ACQ and ICP (CRIP)
      scores than the N Group. The ED Group exhibited positive correlations between
      PASS, ACQ and ICP (CRIP) scores and psychopathological MMPI scales while the IM
      Group revealed negative correlations between ACQ, PASS, TEN, ICP (CRIP), FEAR and
      DES scores and psychopathological MMPI scales. These results indicated in general
      that Hand Test performance is sensitive to the test situation and that this
      factor should be taken into account when Hand Test responses are interpreted.

PMID- 3398365
TI  - [An analysis of individual differences in monitoring: information processing of
      acquiring the knowledge of space].
AB  - In order to examine the process of acquiring spatial knowledge, strategies to
      explore the space were investigated. Verbal protocol and sketch maps of 20 adults
      were collected while they were exploring unfamiliar environment. According to the
      degree of organization of sketch maps, the subjects were classified into the
      following two groups: High Organization Group (HO) and Low Organization Group
      (LO). The former group was farther divided into two subgroups by the accuracy of
      sketch maps with respect to two spatial characteristics (landmark and position):
      HOL and HOP. Contents of the verbal protocol were classified into seven groups
      according to monitoring items, and the number of utterances of each item were
      counted. HOL monitored the encoding items much more frequently than LO, while HOP
      monitored the encoding items as well as the items related to the inference and
      evaluation of results much more frequently than LO. These results suggest that
      the process of acquiring spatial knowledge is classified into two main types.

PMID- 3398366
TI  - [The relation between the powerholders' power maintaining tendency and perceived
      similarity].
AB  - The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of perceived
      similarity upon the power maintaining tendency of the powerholder. In advance an
      aptitude test was administered to the subjects and a powerholder was to be
      appointed. Each subject was led to believe that he was screened and appointed as
      a powerholder (top-leader) from a group of five participants. Each subject was
      also led to believe that the subleader of the high performance group has either
      the similar or the dissimilar attitude toward a favorable leadership style, and
      was assigned to either status change condition or non status change condition.
      The results showed as follows. (1) Compared to the powerholders under non status
      change condition, the powerholders under status change condition attempted more
      to influence the high performance group under dissimilar condition than similar
      condition; (2) Regardless of the perceived similarity of the sub-leader, they
      evaluated highly their contributions to the high performance group, (3) exercised
      more coercive power, (4) gave more difficult tasks to the high performance group.
      These results were discussed in terms of the strength of power maintaining
      tendency of the powerholder and the conflicts originated in the experimental
      situation.

PMID- 3398367
TI  - [Affiliative achievement motivation and non-affiliative achievement motivation of
      female students].
AB  - The purpose of this study was to investigate the two dimensional theory of
      achievement motivation (Doi, 1982) in female students. Doi's motivation scale
      were administered to 81 female university students, 58 female students of school
      of nursing and 77 female students of school of English Language, and the Yatabe
      Guilford personality inventory was also administered to the first and the second
      groups. Affiliative achievement motivation and non-affiliative achievement
      motivation were extracted by principal component analyses and canonical
      correlation analyses. Non-affiliative achievement motivation was found to be
      related to personality type: emotional instability and introversion. These
      findings differ from achievement motivation concepts (Murray, 1938; McClelland,
      Atkinson, Clark, & Lowell, 1953), that include emotional stability and
      extraversion.

PMID- 3398368
TI  - [Clinical study on vesicoureteral reflux in children--follow-up of vesicoureteral
      reflux in the newborn].

PMID- 3398369
TI  - [Enhancement of cytotoxicity of anticancer drugs by verapamil--effects on
      established human renal tumor cell line].

PMID- 3398370
TI  - [Clinicopathological observation on spindle cell type of renal cell carcinoma].

PMID- 3398371
TI  - [Evaluation of self-catheterization for chronic neurogenic bladder--most cases
      are spinal cord injuries].

PMID- 3398372
TI  - [Comparison of drug sensitivity tests--usefulness of subrenal capsule assay
      (SRC)].

PMID- 3398373
TI  - [Studies on renal damage in percutaneous nephroureterolithotomy: a morphological
      study].

PMID- 3398375
TI  - [Four cases of acquired cystic disease of the kidney complicated with renal cell
      carcinoma in long-term hemodialysis].

PMID- 3398374
TI  - [Two cases of primary sclerosing lipogranuloma in scrotum].

PMID- 3398376
TI  - [The clinical investigation of tumor markers for renal cell carcinoma--a
      comparison among TPA, ferritin and immunosuppressive substance].

PMID- 3398377
TI  - [A study of urological tumor associated antigens. III. Immunohistochemical study
      of tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) in bladder tumors].

PMID- 3398378
TI  - [Studies of anticancer drugs adhering to bladder mucosa for the treatment of
      bladder cancer].

PMID- 3398379
TI  - [Changes in ASP (antigroup-A streptococcal C polysaccharide antibody) and cardiac
      and renal effects in cases of urogenital cancers during OK-432 immunotherapy,
      streptococcus preparation].

PMID- 3398380
TI  - [Study of Chlamydia trachomatis in urogenital disease. Isolation of C.
      trachomatis and measurement of antibody to C. trachomatis by ELISA technique].

PMID- 3398382
TI  - [Experimental studies on the prostate epithelium. II. Effect of androgen and
      prostatic tissue extracts on growth of primary cultured cells of rat dorsolateral
      prostate epithelium].

PMID- 3398381
TI  - [Statistical observation on our bladder registry: period at initial treatment and
      prognosis].

PMID- 3398383
TI  - Beyond Debbie.

PMID- 3398384
TI  - Private review.

PMID- 3398386
TI  - Necrotic spider bites in Kansas.

PMID- 3398385
TI  - Fee for service.

PMID- 3398387
TI  - Occupational exposure risks in giardiasis.

PMID- 3398388
TI  - Spinal cord syrinx in a patient with subacute combined degeneration secondary to
      vitamin B12 deficiency: case report.

PMID- 3398389
TI  - Precise patient accounting.

PMID- 3398390
TI  - Attitudes about substance abuse.

PMID- 3398391
TI  - [Ethosuximide therapy in pediatric epilepsies].

PMID- 3398392
TI  - [Emergency bronchoscopy in childhood. Report of 5 years' experience].

PMID- 3398393
TI  - [Kidney concentrating ability in children and adolescents with normal kidneys].

PMID- 3398394
TI  - [Hyperbaric oxygenation in the complex treatment of patients with burns].

PMID- 3398395
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of acute cholecystitis in middle-aged and elderly
      patients].

PMID- 3398396
TI  - [Immunological status of patients with suppurative lactation mastitis].

PMID- 3398397
TI  - [Appendicular infiltrates].

PMID- 3398398
TI  - [Prospects of improving the surgical services in a polyclinic in the realization
      of the program of annual mass screening of the population].

PMID- 3398400
TI  - [A device and method of vacuum therapy of suppurative lactation mastitis].

PMID- 3398399
TI  - [Active treatment of suppurative wounds in children].

PMID- 3398401
TI  - [A combined T-shaped drain-obturator].

PMID- 3398402
TI  - [Complete traumatic amputation of the leg: replantation of the foot with
      subsequent elongation of the crural bones].

PMID- 3398403
TI  - [Blood reinfusion in combined injuries of the liver and stomach].

PMID- 3398404
TI  - [Surgical treatment of nodular goiter in a patient with hemophilia C].

PMID- 3398405
TI  - [Extensive non-clostridial anaerobic phlegmon of the occipital region, neck and
      back in a patient with diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 3398406
TI  - [Hemosorption in the treatment of long-term crush syndrome].

PMID- 3398407
TI  - [Suppurative echinococcosis of the psoas muscle].

PMID- 3398408
TI  - [Complex treatment of suppurative wounds using ultraviolet irradiation of the
      blood].

PMID- 3398409
TI  - [Effect of ultraviolet irradiation of the blood on anti-infection resistance of
      patients with suppurative-inflammatory processes].

PMID- 3398410
TI  - [Electrothermometric control of the healing of suppurative wounds after their
      surgical treatment].

PMID- 3398411
TI  - [Biologically active dressings and surgical suture materials].

PMID- 3398412
TI  - [Use of liposome suspensions in experimental local suppurative processes].

PMID- 3398413
TI  - [Tryptophan fluorescence as an indicator of generalized suppurative infection].

PMID- 3398414
TI  - [Ultrasonic cavitation and laser therapy in acute suppurative diseases of soft
      tissues and glandular organs].

PMID- 3398416
TI  - [Treatment of acute suppurative lactation mastitis].

PMID- 3398415
TI  - [Monocarboxycellulose preparations in suppurative wound surgery].

PMID- 3398417
TI  - [The use of oxytocin combined with antibiotics in the treatment of patients with
      lactation mastitis].

PMID- 3398418
TI  - [Idiopathic fulminant gangrene of the scrotum (Fournier's disease)].

PMID- 3398419
TI  - [Surgical treatment of suppurative-necrotic lesions of the feet in diabetes
      mellitus].

PMID- 3398420
TI  - [Enteral infusions of monomer-electrolyte solutions in massive blood loss].

PMID- 3398421
TI  - [Prognosis of the course and treatment of staphylococcal surgical infections].

PMID- 3398422
TI  - [Sorption microfilters for the transfusion of preserved blood].

PMID- 3398423
TI  - [Changes in blood composition during hemosorption in patients with terminal stage
      of chronic renal failure].

PMID- 3398424
TI  - [Effect of low-intensity laser light on the hemostasis].

PMID- 3398426
TI  - [Recurrent goiter].

PMID- 3398425
TI  - [Surgical treatment of thyrotoxic goiter].

PMID- 3398427
TI  - [Treatment of post-burn scars].

PMID- 3398428
TI  - Compartmentalization of pyridoxal-5'-phosphate during the acute phase of
      myocardial infarction.
AB  - Vitamin B6 nutritional status is assessed by measuring the plasma concentration
      of one of its vitamers, pyridoxal-phosphate (PLP). Several conditions, e.g.,
      myocardial infarction (MI), can disturb the dynamic equilibrium between the
      different vitamers resulting in transiently low plasma PLP levels. An important
      question is whether these low plasma PLP levels observed during MI represent a
      transient state of deficiency and what the possible clinical consequences of such
      a fall in plasma PLP could be. Since the main metabolic function of PLP is to act
      as an intracellular coenzyme, it was decided to monitor the changes not only of
      PLP but also of PL (transport form of vitamin B6) in both the plasma and red
      blood cells (RBCs) in patients with myocardial infarctions (MI): 16 patients with
      proven MI were investigated measuring the aforementioned parameters at regular
      intervals. It was found that the approximately 40% fall in plasma PLP levels was
      accompanied by an equivalent increase in RBC PLP levels. Subsequently plasma PLP
      concentrations returned to normal but RBC PLP values were maintained at the newly
      elevated steady state (without any vitamin supplementation). Since membranes are
      impermeable to PLP, the only way in which PLP could have been redistributed to
      the intracellular compartment was through hydrolysis to PL and rephosphorylation
      once inside the RBCs. This compartmentalization could be an important adaptive
      response since it has been shown that PLP reduces O2 affinity of deoxygenated
      hemoglobin, thereby facilitating O2 delivery to the tissues.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3398429
TI  - Morphological changes and membrane potential of human granulocytes under
      influence of chemotactic peptide and/or echo-virus, type 9.
AB  - The membrane potential, Em, of human granulocytes (PMNs), was recorded using
      glass microelectrodes. The membrane potential Em exhibited potential fluctuations
      accompanied by characteristic changes of cell shape. The periodic potential
      fluctuations (7-s, 70-s, and 260-s periodicities) ascertained by the
      autocorrelation technique, suggested the existence of an internal clock. The
      chemoattractant f-Met-Leu-Phe (FMLP) had no influence on the periodicities,
      whereas the amplitudes of the fluctuations were increased by it. Treatment of
      PMNs with Echo 9 virus also resulted in hyperpolarization. The 70-s periodicity
      disappeared under virus treatment indicating a virus-induced change of the
      internal program and loss of chemotactic activity.

PMID- 3398431
TI  - [The kallikrein-kinin system in viral hepatitis and hypoxia of the liver].

PMID- 3398430
TI  - [Comparison of the hemodynamics effects of D-sotalol and D,L-sotalol].
AB  - The hemodynamic effects of the class III drug D-sotalol and of the beta
      adrenergic receptor antagonist D,L-sotalol were compared in 16 rats (2 mg/kg
      i.v.). A group with NaCl-infusion served as control (n = 10). Besides
      measurements in the intact circulation isovolumic registrations were performed to
      examine the left ventricular myocardial function without interferences. D,L
      sotalol significantly reduced the dp/dtmax (61%) and the peak isovolumic left
      ventricular pressure (64%). It lowered the heart rate by 13% and slightly
      increased the mean aortic pressure to 107% (p less than 0.05). D-sotalol, in
      contrast, caused only a very transient reduction of the dp/dtmax and was
      comparable to the controls already 5 min after injection. The results
      demonstrate, that the D-enantiomer is largely avoid of the hemodynamic effects of
      the racemic D,L-sotalol after intravenous injection.

PMID- 3398432
TI  - [Use of hyperbaric oxygenation in abdominal typhus].

PMID- 3398433
TI  - [The state of the liver in generalized forms of meningococcal infection].

PMID- 3398434
TI  - [Characteristics of North Asia tickborne exanthematous typhus in city dwellers].

PMID- 3398435
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of drug allergy and systemic lupus erythematosus].

PMID- 3398436
TI  - [Alcoholic heart disease].

PMID- 3398438
TI  - [A case of gluten enteropathy].

PMID- 3398437
TI  - [A case of mucoviscidosis in an adult].

PMID- 3398439
TI  - [A case of campylobacteriosis].

PMID- 3398440
TI  - [Elephantiasis of the face as a complication of erysipelas].

PMID- 3398441
TI  - [Foreign bodies of the intestines].

PMID- 3398442
TI  - [Foreign bodies of the gastrointestinal tract].

PMID- 3398443
TI  - [Screening diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis in an outpatient clinic].

PMID- 3398444
TI  - [Clinical use of dopamine in intensive therapy].

PMID- 3398445
TI  - [Distribution of HLA antigens and indices of lipid metabolism in patients with
      ischemic heart disease].

PMID- 3398446
TI  - [Treatment of paroxysmal supraventricular arrhythmia in patients with ischemic
      heart disease at the prehospital stage].

PMID- 3398447
TI  - [Effect of corinfar and finoptin on lipid peroxidation].

PMID- 3398449
TI  - [Psychoemotional tests in patients with hypertension during moderate restriction
      of the use of salt].

PMID- 3398448
TI  - [Use of calcium antagonists (sublingually) in the treatment of hypertensive
      crises].

PMID- 3398450
TI  - [Difficulties in the differential diagnosis of non-rheumatic myocarditis].

PMID- 3398451
TI  - [Dynamics of electrocardiographic and phonocardiographic indices following
      endovascular occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus].

PMID- 3398452
TI  - [Clinical value of computed electrogastrography].

PMID- 3398453
TI  - [Endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of cardiospasm].

PMID- 3398454
TI  - [The interrelation between changes in the mucous membrane of the esophagus in
      precancerous esophageal diseases and blood levels of vitamin A, beta-carotene and
      riboflavin].

PMID- 3398456
TI  - [Prevention of hereditary diseases].

PMID- 3398457
TI  - [Experience in the conservative treatment of pancreatitis].

PMID- 3398455
TI  - [Effect of pentagastrin and inhibitors of acid secretion on the blood flow in the
      gastric mucosa of patients with chronic gastritis and duodenal ulcer].

PMID- 3398458
TI  - [Pathogenesis and clinical significance of disorders of membrane digestion in
      patients with chronic enteritis].

PMID- 3398459
TI  - [Paraneoplastic renal syndromes in malignant tumors of different locations].

PMID- 3398460
TI  - [The state of the liver in patients with polycythemia vera].

PMID- 3398462
TI  - [Characteristics of the course of acute viral hepatitis B associated with delta
      infection].

PMID- 3398461
TI  - [Clinical picture of food poisoning in middle-aged and elderly subjects].

PMID- 3398463
TI  - [The dysadaptation syndrome in patients with chronic persisting hepatitis of
      viral etiology].

PMID- 3398464
TI  - [The immune response to viral hepatitis B in women of reproductive age].

PMID- 3398465
TI  - [Psychological aspects of hospital communication in the field of nursing].

PMID- 3398466
TI  - [Understanding and personal attention as criteria in nursing].

PMID- 3398467
TI  - [On the so-called Bechterew disease (ankylosing spondylitis), a chronic
      inflammatory spinal disease].

PMID- 3398469
TI  - [Acetylsalicylic acid].

PMID- 3398468
TI  - [Hemostasis in anesthesia and intensive care medicine: physiology--pathology-
      clinical aspects].

PMID- 3398470
TI  - [Moist wound treatment with "Comfeel Ulcus"].

PMID- 3398471
TI  - [Handling surgical instruments].

PMID- 3398472
TI  - [Cooperation--when the worm is inside].

PMID- 3398473
TI  - Bone loss and physical inactivity: a proposed therapeutic exercise regimen.

PMID- 3398474
TI  - SCPRO in 1988.

PMID- 3398475
TI  - Prematurity and blindness.

PMID- 3398476
TI  - Speech production following partial glossectomy.
AB  - Changes in the dimensions and patterns of articulation used by three speakers to
      compensate for different amounts of tongue tissue excised during partial
      glossectomy were investigated. Place of articulation was shifted to parts of the
      vocal tract congruent with the speakers' surgically altered lingual morphology.
      Certain metrical properties of the articulatory gestures, such as width of the
      sibilant groove, were maintained. Intelligibility data indicated that
      perceptually acceptable substitute sounds could be produced by such transposed
      gestures.

PMID- 3398477
TI  - Patterns of language comprehension deficit in abused and neglected children.
AB  - The similarity between factors associated with child abuse/neglect and those
      associated with language disability suggests that maltreated children are a
      population at risk for language problems. This study investigated the performance
      of three groups of abused/neglected children and a matched group of nonmaltreated
      subjects on three tests of language comprehension. Results revealed significant
      differences among groups for all measures. Severely neglected children obtained
      the lowest scores on all tests; the abused children consistently obtained lower
      scores than the controls; and generally neglected children showed the smallest
      difference in performance from the control group. These findings suggest a model
      for understanding relationships between abuse/neglect and language disability.

PMID- 3398478
TI  - Otitis media and language development at 1 year of age.
AB  - The effect of otitis media on emerging language was examined in a group of 1-year
      olds. Based on pneumatic otoscopy, 15 babies were considered to be free of otitis
      media in both ears at 80% or more of their first year medical visits (otitis
      free) and 12 infants had bilaterally positive otoscopy results at 30% or more of
      their visits (otitis positive). Outcome measures at 1 year included the Bayley
      Scales of Infant Development (Bayley, 1969) and the Sequenced Inventory of
      Communication Development (SICD; Hedrick, Prather, & Tobin, 1984) Receptive and
      Expressive scales. No significant differences were detected on either the Bayley
      or the SICD Receptive scale. However, the otitis positive group exhibited
      significantly lower expressive language scores than the otitis free group,
      suggesting that impairments in language expression may be evident as early as 1
      year of age in children with otitis media.

PMID- 3398479
TI  - Identification of correct and misarticulated semivowels.
AB  - This study examined the identification of correctly produced and misarticulated
      /w, r, l, j/ in several subject groups: 4 normal children who produced correct
      /w, r, l, j/, 4 normal children with developmental w/r and w/l substitutions, 4
      articulation-impaired children who misarticulated /r/ and /l/, a parent of each
      child, and two raters who were trained in phonetic transcription. Immediately
      following a production experiment in which the child subjects had produced
      minimally contrastive /w, r, l, j/ words in sentences, a selection of each
      child's utterances was randomly mixed with productions by an adult female speaker
      and were presented in minimally paired sets to each subject for identification of
      /w, r, l, j/. The children, parents, and raters were much more successful in
      identifying correctly produced semivowels than misarticulated ones.
      Misarticulating children and their parents differed from raters in approach to
      the task and in success. Analysis of individual subject data found that children
      who identified self-produced semivowels most successfully were the same children
      whose semivowels exhibited the most second formant frequency and transition rate
      differences in the previous production experiment. These results have both
      theoretical and therapeutic implications.

PMID- 3398480
TI  - Perception and production of the final /s-ts/ contrast in Dutch by
      misarticulating children.
AB  - This study investigates the specific relationship between speech perception and
      speech production by comparing 6- and 7-year-old children who misarticulated the
      final consonant cluster /-ts/ with three control groups. One control group of
      children misarticulated other phonemes than the specific /-ts/ cluster, another
      group of children had no articulation problems at all, and a third control group
      consisted of normally articulating adults. Perception was studied by assessing
      identification functions on a /moes/-to-/moets/ speech continuum in which the
      silence period had been manipulated. Production was analyzed by measuring the
      silence periods in productions of the Dutch word muts. The results show a clear
      hierarchical trend: The poorer the articulation proficiency of a group, the more
      variability there is in both production and perception. In perception, this
      variability is not restricted to the problematic /-ts/ cluster but includes the
      whole /-s/-to-/-ts/ contrast. Furthermore, it appears that a general as well as a
      specific relationship exists between perception and production and that the
      character of this relationship does not support the motor theory of speech
      perception.

PMID- 3398481
TI  - Apraxia of speech: the effectiveness of a treatment regimen.
AB  - This investigation describes a treatment program for an adult patient with
      apraxia of speech. The program was composed of a series of physiologic
      (nonspeech) and phonetic (articulatory) tasks that began with oroneuromotor
      control activities and progressed to consonant-vowel (CV) syllable, word, and
      sentence drills. All activities were paced by a metronome. Detailed descriptions
      are provided about the (a) nature of the specific treatment steps, (b) sequence
      of steps followed, (c) criteria used for progression within and between steps,
      (d) actual number of trials and time required to reach criteria for each step,
      and (e) steps that were especially easy or difficult to master. A multiple probe
      design employed to test program efficacy revealed that (a) all tasks in the
      treatment program were successfully acquired, (b) control of all treatment
      behaviors was maintained, and (c) carry-over from treated to nontreated behaviors
      did not occur. Results confirmed that the program positively affected the
      patient's performance. Suggestions are offered outlining possible modification of
      the treatment steps so as to yield similar results with greater clinical
      efficiency.

PMID- 3398482
TI  - Bone conduction threshold levels for different bone vibrator types.
AB  - This study determined if bone conduction (BC) thresholds were influenced by
      vibrator type. BC thresholds were obtained for 100 subjects using mastoid
      placement of Radioear B-71 and B-72 and Pracitronic KH 70 bone vibrators. The
      nontest ear was masked (30 dB EL) and the ear ipsilateral to the vibrator was
      open except when testing at 3000 and 4000 Hz when the ear canal was occluded with
      an earplug to guard against acoustic radiation. BC thresholds at 250 Hz obtained
      with the B-72 and KH 70 were significantly (p less than .05) higher by 10.5 dB
      and at 500 Hz were significantly (p less than .05) lower by 5.5 dB than for the B
      71. BC thresholds at other frequencies (1000, 2000, 3000, and 4000 Hz) were not
      significantly different among vibrator types. The findings indicated that
      reference equivalent threshold force levels (RETFLs) for BC audiometry should be
      specified by bone vibrator type.

PMID- 3398483
TI  - Prelinguistic vocalizations of hearing-impaired and normally hearing subjects: a
      comparison of consonantal inventories.
AB  - Phonetic transcriptions of 48 babbling samples from 11 normally hearing subjects,
      aged 4-18 months, and 39 samples from 14 hearing-impaired (HI) subjects, aged 4
      39 months, were analyzed to determine the inventory of consonantal phones for
      each recording session. Group comparisons revealed that inventories of the
      hearing-impaired subjects were generally smaller than those of the hearing
      infants and that they evidenced little change in size prior to 20 months.
      Analysis of place and manner of articulation of supraglottal phones in the
      inventories showed that, compared with inventories of the normally hearing
      subjects, inventories of HI subjects with sensori-neural loss tended to have (a)
      a higher proportion of labial consonants; (b) a higher proportion of prolongable
      consonants such as nasals, glides and fricatives, and syllabic consonants; (c) a
      lower proportion of alveolars; and (d) a lower proportion of stops and
      nonsyllabic affricates. Differences were also observed between the inventories of
      hearing-impaired subjects with sensori-neural loss and those with conductive loss
      and between younger and older hearing-impaired subjects. These findings suggest
      that hearing loss affects the nature of the consonantal repertoire in the
      prespeech vocalizations of hearing-impaired subjects.

PMID- 3398484
TI  - Phonological and spatial processing abilities in language- and reading-impaired
      children.
AB  - In the present study, we further examined (see Kamhi & Catts, 1986) the
      phonological processing abilities of language-impaired (LI) and reading-impaired
      (RI) children. We also evaluated these children's ability to process spatial
      information. Subjects were 10 LI, 10 RI, and 10 normal children between the ages
      of 6:8 and 8:10 years. Each subject was administered eight tasks: four word
      repetition tasks (monosyllabic, monosyllabic presented in noise, three-item, and
      multisyllabic), rapid naming, syllable segmentation, paper folding, and form
      completion. The normal children performed significantly better than both the LI
      and RI children on all but two tasks: syllable segmentation and repeating words
      presented in noise. The LI and RI children performed comparably on every task
      with the exception of the multisyllabic word repetition task. These findings were
      consistent with those from our previous study (Kamhi & Catts, 1986). The
      similarities and differences between LI and RI children are discussed.

PMID- 3398485
TI  - Infant tympanometry: differential results by race.
AB  - Black (N = 63) and White (N = 74) infants, ages 6-13 months, were screened by
      tympanometry for signs of middle ear dysfunction. More White infants (57%) than
      Black (33%) failed initial screening (p less than .01). Retest of initial
      failures after a minimum 6-week interval showed an overall reduction in failure
      rates, but the significant (p less than .05) racial effect was still obtained.
      Implications of these findings for the clinician are discussed.

PMID- 3398486
TI  - Science in communication disorders.

PMID- 3398487
TI  - Inexact use of "disfluency" and "dysfluency" in stuttering research.

PMID- 3398488
TI  - Lung volume changes in children and adults during speech production.
AB  - This study examined whether the behavior of the respiratory system during speech
      production differed between adults and children as a function of articulatory and
      intensity factors. Changes in the mean cross-sectional area of the rib cage and
      abdomen were measured and percent vital capacity calculated using respiratory
      inductive plethysmography. Statistical analysis revealed a number of significant
      differences between the results for children and adults: (a) At the loud
      intensity level, the adults used a larger percent of their vital capacity than
      did the children; (b) Adults went further into their functional residual capacity
      (FRC) at the loud intensity level than at the comfortable level, whereas the
      children did not; and (c) At the loud intensity level, children used a greater
      percent of their vital capacity (VC) while reading a passage containing
      consonants requiring high lung volume increments than while reading a passage
      requiring low lung volume increments; the adults did not show this effect. These
      findings suggest that respiration in children is influenced primarily by
      articulatory demands and secondarily by intensity demands. Whereas, adult
      respiration responds primarily to the maintenance of vocal intensity level.
      Finally, the so-called "lung volume range for speech" used by the children was
      placed significantly lower in their overall VC range than was that of the adults.
      This result is coupled with the observation that children consistently encroached
      further into their FRC than did the adults across all conditions, although the
      effect reached significance only at the loud intensity level while the children
      read the high-volume passage.

PMID- 3398489
TI  - Underlying structure of auditory-visual consonant perception by hearing-impaired
      children and the influences of syllabic compression.
AB  - The identification of consonants in (a)-C-(a) nonsense syllables, using a
      fourteen-alternative forced-choice procedure, was examined in 4 profoundly
      hearing-impaired children under five conditions: audition alone using hearing
      aids in free-field (A), vision alone (V), auditory-visual using hearing aids in
      free-field (AV1), auditory-visual with linear amplification (AV2), and auditory
      visual with syllabic compression (AV3). In the AV2 and AV3 conditions, acoustic
      signals were binaurally presented by magnetic or acoustic coupling to the
      subjects' hearing aids. The syllabic compressor had a compression ratio of 10:1,
      and attack and release times were 1.2 ms and 60 ms. The confusion matrices were
      subjected to two analysis methods: hierarchical clustering and information
      transmission analysis using articulatory features. The same general conclusions
      were drawn on the basis of results obtained from either analysis method. The
      results indicated better performance in the V condition than in the A condition.
      In the three AV conditions, the subjects predominantly combined the acoustic
      parameter of voicing with the visual signal. No consistent differences were
      recorded across the three AV conditions. Syllabic compression did not, therefore,
      appear to have a significant influence on AV perception for these children. A
      high degree of subject variability was recorded for the A and three AV
      conditions, but not for the V condition.

PMID- 3398490
TI  - The effects of different frequency responses on sound quality judgments and
      speech intelligibility.
AB  - Four speech programs and two music programs were reproduced using five different
      frequency responses: one flat and the others combinations of reductions at lower
      frequencies and/or increases at higher frequencies. Twelve hearing impaired (HI)
      and 8 normal hearing (NH) subjects listened monaurally to the reproductions at
      comfortable listening level and judged the sound quality on seven perceptual
      scales and a scale for total impression. Speech intelligibility was measured for
      phonetically balanced (PB) word lists and for sentences in noise. Significant
      differences among the reproductions appeared in practically all scales. The most
      preferred system was characterized by a flat response at lower frequencies and a
      6 dB/octave increase thereafter. There were certain differences between the NH
      and HI listeners in the judgments of the other systems. The intelligibility of PB
      word lists did not differ among the systems, and the S/N threshold for the
      sentences in noise only distinguished the flat response as worse than all others
      for the HI listeners. There was little correspondence between intelligibility
      measures and sound quality measures. The latter provided more information and
      distinctions among systems.

PMID- 3398491
TI  - Evaluation of the National Acoustic Laboratories' new hearing aid selection
      procedure.
AB  - This study evaluated the National Acoustic Laboratories' (NAL) new formula for
      prescribing the gain and frequency response of a hearing aid. The frequency
      response prescribed for 44 clients (67 fitted ears) was compared with a series of
      variations having increased or decreased low-frequency and/or high-frequency
      emphasis. The evaluations consisted of paired-comparison judgments of the
      intelligibility of speech in quiet and the pleasantness of speech in noise. There
      were only 4 ears (6%) where a comparison response was more intelligible than the
      NAL response, but there were 16 ears (24%) where one of the comparison responses
      was more pleasant. On the average, hearing aid gain that was used by each subject
      agreed closely with prescribed gain. These trends were not affected by audiogram
      configuration, experience in aid usage, or type of aid limiting. The formula was
      found to be highly effective, but there were some cases where a change in aid
      prescription was indicated. A simple evaluation procedure using paired-comparison
      judgments is proposed for detecting such cases.

PMID- 3398492
TI  - Articulatory Fo perturbations and auditory feedback.
AB  - Singers are required to sing with a high degree of precision of fundamental
      frequency (Fo). Does this mean that they have learned to compensate for the
      change of pitch that has been described in speech during production of different
      vowels? Experienced choir singers sang sustained tones with a change of vowel in
      mid-tone. The fundamental frequency was measured, and the resulting Fo contours
      were evaluated with respect to Fo effects coincident with the vowel changes. The
      tasks were performed both with normal auditory feedback and with the auditory
      feedback masked by noise in headphones. The vowels (i) and (y) were found to be
      associated with higher Fo than other vowels. The irregularities in the Fo curves
      were somewhat larger in the absence of auditory feedback. This is consistent with
      findings during speech production. The instability in Fo, measured as the
      standard deviation over each tone, was also larger in the absence of feedback.

PMID- 3398493
TI  - Relationship between the discrimination of (w-r) and (t-d) continua and the
      identification of distorted (r).
AB  - The purpose of this study was to assess the extent to which listeners can
      perceive intraphonemic differences. In Experiment 1, subjects identified
      synthesized acoustic tokens of child-like speech that varied in second and third
      formant (F2 and F3) onset frequencies as (w), (r), or distorted (r) in two
      conditions: (a) with and without feedback of the group response choices, and (b)
      before and after training to identify the best examples of (w), (r), and
      distorted (r) based on their identification in the first condition. The results
      were: (a) some subjects consistently identified distorted (r) above criterion,
      and (b) feedback was more effective in increasing distorted (r) identification
      than was training. In Experiment 2, the same subjects participated in
      discrimination tasks using stimuli from a synthesized child (w-r) continuum that
      varied in F2 and F3 onsets and from a synthesized adult (t-d) continuum that
      varied in preconsonantal vowel duration. The results were: (a) perception was not
      categorical for both continua, (b) little relation was found between distorted
      (r) identification and measures of (w-r) discrimination, and (c) a high and
      significant correlation was found between identification of distorted (r) and
      within-(d) discrimination. In Experiment 3, different subjects identified the
      child manifold stimuli and discriminated stimuli in a synthesized child (w-r)
      continuum and in a synthesized adult (t-d) continuum. The results were: (a)
      neither (w-r) or (t-d) perception was categorical although the former came closer
      than the latter in terms of individual subject performance, (b) there was a high
      and significant correlation between distorted-(r) identification and within-(r)
      discrimination of (w-r) stimuli, and (c) there were high and significant
      correlations between distorted-(r) identification and mean, cross-category
      boundary, and within-(t) discrimination of (t-d) stimuli.

PMID- 3398494
TI  - Changes in vocal fundamental frequency at the segmental level: control during
      voiced fricatives.
AB  - In addition to cycle-by-cycle (jitter) and long-term (intonation contour and
      declination) changes, vocal fundamental frequency (Fo) is known to vary during
      moments of production of individual phones. This study explored the relationship
      between intra-oral pressure and Fo during the production of the English voiced
      fricatives (v), (z), (o), and (3). Target words were embedded in a carrier phrase
      spoken with three different patterns of sentence stress. Fo changed at a mean
      rate of -3.59 Hz/cmH2O and -7.96 Hz/cmH2O in men and women, respectively. No
      significant difference was observed among the different fricatives nor among the
      several stress patterns. A significant sex effect, not observed in a prior
      related study, was eliminated by conversion of the Fo data to semitones. The
      observed magnitudes of the ratios of Fo change to pressure change are consistent
      with several earlier studies that explored the effect of passive transglottal
      pressure changes on Fo. The present findings imply that, although Fo regulation
      is involved in the generation of different intonation contours, the laryngeal
      system is not compensated to maintain Fo in the face of the transitory changes in
      vocal-tract aerodynamics that accompany voiced fricative production.

PMID- 3398495
TI  - Binaural release from masking for a speech sound in infants, preschoolers, and
      adults.
AB  - Binaural masked thresholds for a speech sound [ba] were estimated under two
      interaural phase conditions (NoSo and NoS pi) in three age groups (infants,
      preschool children, and adults). A computer-based head-turn with visual
      reinforcement procedure was used to test the infants. Preschoolers were tested
      using a modified play audiometry task, and adults were tested conventionally with
      the same apparatus as used with the infants. Differences in masked threshold as a
      function of both age and interaural phase condition, and differences in the
      binaural masking level difference (BMLD) with age, were found when the masker
      intensity was the same for each group. However, testing of adults with maskers of
      reduced intensity to compensate for hearing threshold differences relative to the
      two younger groups (a possible confounding variable in the estimate of the BMLD)
      eliminated the difference in BMLD between adults and preschoolers. The difference
      between infants and adults remained statistically significant, suggesting a
      possible developmental change in binaural hearing early in life. The relevance of
      developmental change in binaural hearing with respect to both infant auditory
      processing and the methods we use to assess it are discussed.

PMID- 3398496
TI  - Laryngeal kinematics in voiceless obstruents produced by hearing-impaired
      speakers.
AB  - During normal production of voiceless consonants several events occur
      simultaneously in the vocal tract. These events must be temporally coordinated.
      Earlier work has indicated that a breakdown in interarticulator timing can
      contribute to the characteristic voiced-voiceless errors produced by hearing
      impaired speakers. The present study examines kinematic details of the laryngeal
      articulatory gesture in 2 deaf speakers and a control subject using
      transillumination of the larynx. Results indicate that hearing-impaired speakers
      often do not produce differences between stops and fricatives in the kinematic
      details of the gesture. That is to say, although hearing speakers commonly use a
      larger laryngeal gesture for fricatives than for stops and also show durational
      differences of the abduction and the adduction phases between phonetic
      categories, the hearing-impaired subjects did not make them. Also, the deaf
      speakers participating in this study were more variable in the kinematic
      measures.

PMID- 3398497
TI  - Analysis of intentional communication of normal children from the prelinguistic
      to the multiword stage.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to collect quantitative measures describing the use
      of intentional communication by 15 normal children during the prelinguistic, one
      word, and multiword stages. A standard communication sample was collected at each
      language stage from each subject interacting with a clinician. Measures of rates
      of intentional communicative acts indicated an average of about 1 act per min at
      the prelinguistic stage, 2 acts per min at the one-word stage, and 5 acts per min
      by the multiword stage. Analysis of communicative functions indicated that
      virtually all of the subjects displayed some acts for regulating behavior,
      engaging in social interaction, and referencing joint attention at all language
      stages. Changes in the proportions of specific communicative functions at each
      language stage were found. Analysis of discourse structure using these sampling
      procedures indicated that most subjects engaged in more initiated than respondent
      acts. Analysis of communicative means showed that the predominant means were
      gestural and vocal during the prelinguistic and one-word stage and verbal by the
      multiword stage. Changes in the proportions of isolated and coordinated gestures
      and vocalizations at each language stage were found. General descriptions of the
      syllabic shapes of intentional vocal acts at the prelinguistic and one-word
      stages demonstrated that most of the subjects used a substantial proportion of
      consonants in both mono- and multisyllabic vocalizations. Clinical applications
      of these findings to the early identification of children with the potential for
      language impairments will be discussed.

PMID- 3398498
TI  - Interactions in the labial musculature during speech.
AB  - Interactions in electromyographic activity of the upper and lower lips during
      speech were studied by manipulating the magnitude of bursts of activity related
      to bilabial closure. Four pairs of electrodes were placed in the labial
      musculature in each of four normal-speaking young adults. Manipulation of muscle
      activity usually resulted in positively correlated changes in activity recorded
      from the other three electrode pairs. Similar effects were found when lower lip
      muscle activity was manipulated and when upper lip muscle activity was
      manipulated, suggesting there is no asymmetry in the interactions between lips.
      Measurements of lower lip closing movement often correlated with the modulated
      muscle activity, suggesting that the size of lip opening was varied to
      accommodate different closing forces. The flexibility of a system producing
      positive correlations in the activity of different labial regions is discussed
      and contrasted with the suggestions that there are complementary variations,
      producing negative correlations, in the activity of different labial muscles
      during speech.

PMID- 3398499
TI  - An experimental increase in stuttering frequency.
AB  - The purpose of the present experiment was to investigate whether stuttering
      frequency could be increased from baseline by an experimental condition.
      Initially, 10 adult stutterers spoke spontaneously while alone. Next, they
      continued speaking, but with an adult, male conversationalist. Finally, the
      subjects again spoke while alone. Percent stuttering increased in the
      conversational situation compared with the baseline (alone) situation, and
      decreased in the final baseline (alone) situation compared with the
      conversational situation.

PMID- 3398500
TI  - Acoustic analysis of correct and misarticulated semivowels.
AB  - Four children who produced correct (w,r,l,j), four children with developmental
      w/r and w/l substitutions, and four articulation impaired children with w/r and
      w/l substitutions were subjects. They produced sets of minimally contrasted words
      with (w,r,l,j) in word-initial position with four vowels and with (w,r,l) in two
      types of consonant clusters. Children's utterances were spectrographically
      analyzed for three formant frequencies and transition rate of the second formant.
      Children with correct semivowels produced distinctive formant frequency patterns
      for semivowels that were similar to those previously reported in the literature
      for adults and children. Developmental and articulation impaired children
      produced acoustic features for (j) that were similar to the (j) produced by the
      control group; but neither group differentiated among (w,r,l) by either formant
      frequencies or transition rate. Some individuals in both groups produced formant
      frequency and/or transition rate differences among semivowels in some phonetic
      contexts. The (w) produced for target (w) and in substitution for (r) and (l) by
      three developmental children and two articulation-impaired children did not match
      the acoustic pattern of control (w). These productions had higher second
      formants, occurring between control (w) and (r,l) or in the range of correct
      (r,l).

PMID- 3398501
TI  - Development of an in vitro technique for measuring elastic properties of vocal
      fold tissue.
AB  - The purpose of this investigation was to develop an in vitro technique for
      measurement of elastic properties of isolated vocal fold tissue. Larynges were
      excised from anesthetized dogs, immediately submerged in a Krebs-Ringer solution,
      and aerated with 95% oxygen and 5% carbon dioxide. The tissue was maintained in
      the aerated electrolyte solution throughout the experiment. The vocalis muscle
      was carefully dissected, with attachments to the arytenoid and thyroid cartilages
      maintained. The preparation was then subjected to isometric (constant length)
      force-elongation measures, which were converted to stress-strain values. Stage I
      of the investigation identified the dog model with the least intrastudy
      variability relative to the age, sex, and breed of the research animal, as well
      as to the effects of curare. Stage II investigated the effects of different
      instrumentation, definitions of reference length, methods of elongation, and
      effects of electrical stimulation. Once the procedure had been refined, the
      effects of age and sex were retested. There was a significant interaction between
      sex and strain and between age and strain. The least variability was obtained
      with curarized tissue from one sex of young, mixed-breed dogs, where an arbitrary
      1 gram of initial force was the criterion for establishing "zero" strain.
      Problems associated with determination of reference length and various approaches
      to this problem are discussed.

PMID- 3398502
TI  - A clinically feasible method for determining frequency resolution.
AB  - Psychophysical tuning curves were generated by normally hearing and hearing
      impaired subjects using two methods; a detailed laboratory method and a Bekesy
      method proposed as suitable for clinical use. The two methods were compared for
      stability, the amount of masking produced and the pattern of the masking
      functions. The two measures of frequency resolution were found to be equally
      reliable and showed the same range of repeatability as simple pure tone
      thresholds. The patterns of the masking functions were similar regardless of the
      method used. However, the absolute amounts of masking indicated with each method
      were significantly different, with more masking obtained when the clinical method
      was used.

PMID- 3398503
TI  - Effects of sleep deprivation on muscle function during an isokinetic contraction.

PMID- 3398504
TI  - Exertional heatstroke: survival in spite of severe hypoglycemia, liver and kidney
      damage.

PMID- 3398505
TI  - The child, the spine and sport.

PMID- 3398506
TI  - The contribution of selected physiological variables to middle distance running
      performance.

PMID- 3398508
TI  - Morphological changes in adult males from resistance exercise and amino acid
      supplementation.

PMID- 3398507
TI  - Aerobic capacity, anaerobic threshold and cold exposure with speed skaters.

PMID- 3398509
TI  - Changes in lipid metabolism induced by volley ball playing.

PMID- 3398510
TI  - Effects of acute cold exposure on physiological responses obtained during a short
      exhaustive exercise.

PMID- 3398511
TI  - Effect of 18 week training on some biochemical, physiological and morphological
      parameters of Indian Inter University football players.

PMID- 3398512
TI  - Effects of a twelve-week walking programme on maximal and submaximal work output
      indices in sedentary middle-aged men and women.

PMID- 3398513
TI  - Comparison of serum apolipoproteins and lipoproteins in active and inactive
      males.

PMID- 3398514
TI  - The effects of acute physical exercise on blood serum cholesterol, triglycerides,
      human growth hormone (H.G.H.) and free thyroxine (T4) in men over fifty years of
      age.

PMID- 3398515
TI  - Reducing diet and exercise training effects on resting metabolic rates in mildly
      obese women.

PMID- 3398517
TI  - The influence of resistive exercise on somatotype and selected skinfolds in
      college women.

PMID- 3398516
TI  - Serum prolactin, growth hormone and cortisol in athletes and sedentary subjects
      after submaximal and exhaustive exercises.

PMID- 3398518
TI  - Role of the medical director in the nursing home.

PMID- 3398519
TI  - Asbestos and lung disease.

PMID- 3398520
TI  - An unusual cause of dyspnea.

PMID- 3398522
TI  - The medical melting pot in Tennessee: school of graduation of M.D.s according to
      race, 1987.

PMID- 3398521
TI  - MRI case of the month. Subacute subdural hematoma.

PMID- 3398523
TI  - Not him, again!

PMID- 3398524
TI  - Deoxycorticosterone secretion by the human ovary.
AB  - Progesterone (P), deoxycorticosterone (DOC), estradiol-17 beta (E2) and cortisol
      (F) were determined simultaneously in the peripheral and the ovarian veins in 13
      patients. Blood was collected either by direct sampling during laparotomy (12
      patients) or by selective catheterization (1 patient). In all ovarian effluents P
      and E2 levels were significantly higher than in the peripheral vein. This was
      also true for DOC except in one ovarian effluent. The gradient was higher on the
      side of the corpus luteum-bearing ovary. P and E2 levels were correlated in
      ovarian as well as in peripheral veins. In ovarian effluents, DOC gradients were
      only significantly correlated with P levels (r = 0.63; P less than 0.01)
      suggesting a metabolic relationship between the two steroids.

PMID- 3398526
TI  - Optimisation of total urinary aldosterone estimation: comparison with other
      laboratory methods for assessment of mineralocorticoid status.
AB  - We have demonstrated that conventional methods for measuring total urinary
      aldosterone (TUA) may markedly and inconsistently underestimate aldosterone
      output, since under the conditions usually employed (pH 1.0), the hydrolysis of
      aldosterone conjugates in urine is incomplete. The use of more acidic hydrolysis
      conditions (pH 0.2) overcomes this problem. However free aldosterone may be
      damaged at this pH. Therefore to accurately measure TUA output, it is necessary
      to isolate the undamaged aldosterone chromatographically and to correct for
      procedural losses based on the recovery of aldosterone tracer added to the urine
      prior to hydrolysis. We compared a number of laboratory estimates of aldosterone
      status (including urinary free aldosterone) with the 24-h urinary sodium output
      in normal subjects, since this provides a good bioassay of aldosterone. Sodium
      output correlated best with "optimised" 24 h TUA, i.e. hydrolysed at pH 0.2, (r =
      -0.589, P less than 0.001), and with plasma aldosterone (r = -0.504, P less than
      0.005). Both aldosterone in random urine specimens and plasma renin activity
      correlated poorly with 24-h sodium output. Therefore, while the measurement of
      optimised TUA excretion provides the best index of aldosterone activity, assay of
      aldosterone in random specimens of plasma, which is more convenient for patient
      and laboratory, may be adequate for many clinical purposes.

PMID- 3398527
TI  - Vitamin D metabolism in human pregnancy. Concentrations of free and sulphated 25
      hydroxyvitamin D3 in maternal and fetal plasma at term.
AB  - The concentrations of free and sulphated 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in 20 paired
      maternal-cord plasma samples obtained at delivery have been determined. The
      compounds were isolated by liquid-solid extraction at elevated temperature, and
      the sulphate was purified by anion exchange chromatography prior to hydrolysis
      and analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography. The study shows that
      unconjugated 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 is predominant in maternal plasma (mean 20
      ng/ml) whereas the sulphate is the major form of vitamin D3 in fetal circulation
      (mean 21 ng/ml plasma). The total concentration of the two compounds in cord
      plasma (mean 35 ng/ml) was significantly higher than that in maternal plasma
      (mean 30 ng/ml). Positive correlations were obtained between maternal and cord
      plasma levels of free 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, between maternal and cord plasma
      levels of sulphated 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and between plasma levels of the
      maternal free compound and the fetal sulphate. There was also a relationship
      between the levels of free and sulphated 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in cord plasma. The
      results suggest that sulphation may be a physiologically important reaction for
      deactivating and/or trapping secosteroids in the fetus.

PMID- 3398525
TI  - Steps of glucocorticoid action in normal and diabetic rat placenta.
AB  - This investigation examined the effects of Streptozotocin diabetes in pregnancy
      on several parameters of glucocorticoid action in the rat placenta. Pregnant
      diabetic rats showed reduced body weight, increased adrenal weight and serum
      corticosterone concentrations. Glucocorticoid receptors in placental cytosol of
      labyrinthine zone, measured in the absence of MoO4Na2 were similar in control and
      diabetic rats, but after addition of MoO4Na2 receptor number were moderately, but
      significantly reduced in diabetic placentas (P less than 0.01). No changes in
      affinity were detected in saturation analysis. Furthermore, transformation of the
      receptor assessed by its capacity for binding to DNA-cellulose, was enhanced in
      diabetic animals, suggesting increased efficiency of the receptor-bound hormone.
      Since the function of the glucocorticoid receptor of rat placenta may be the
      inhibition of local progesterone production (Heller and De Nicola, J. steroid
      Biochem. 19 (1983) 1339-1343), we determined progesterone synthesis in vitro and
      found that diabetic placentas synthesized significantly less progesterone than
      control tissue (P less than 0.05). Lastly, we found that the metabolism of
      corticosterone to 11-dehydrocorticosterone, while declining in control placentas
      as pregnancy advanced, it was sustained in diabetic pregnancy. It is suggested
      that diabetic rat placentas showed increased activity towards the glucocorticoid
      receptor, resulting in reduction in progesterone synthesis and sustained
      catabolism of corticosterone. The latter may possibly constitute a compensatory
      mechanism to protect the fetal compartment from high levels of maternal
      glucocorticoids.

PMID- 3398528
TI  - The estrogen receptor in the rat kidney. Ontogeny, properties and effects of
      gonadectomy on its concentration.
AB  - Estrogens have been suggested as modulators of the conversion of 25
      hydroxyvitamin D3 to dihydroxylated compounds in the kidney. In order to further
      explore this hypothesis the estrogen-binding components in the kidney were
      studied in adult and immature rats. The basal receptor levels in adult animals
      were 9.6 fmol/mg protein (female) and 21.9 (male). The receptor-ligand complex
      had a Kd of 0.7 nM. Furthermore, the kidney receptor displayed similar
      characteristics as those of the cytosol liver estrogen receptor in terms of
      sedimentation properties on sucrose gradients, isoelectric focusing and ligand
      binding specificity. The ontogeny of cytosol high affinity estrogen binding sites
      was elucidated in female and male animals. Detectable levels of receptors (5
      fmol/mg protein) were found during the first postnatal week in both sexes. During
      days 22-25 receptors reached maximum concentrations at about 30 fmol/mg protein.
      In the male this level then remained relatively constant throughout the time of
      study (60 days), whereas in the female the concentration decreased gradually over
      a period of 12-15 days to a basal level of 10 fmol/mg protein. A temporal study
      on the short- and longterm effects of ovariectomy on the concentration of
      estrogen binding sites in the kidney cytosol was also carried out. Shortly after
      gonadectomy (2-12 h) no effect was detected. During 20-48 h after the operation a
      75% increase in the receptor level was seen. The results indicate a multihormonal
      control of the estrogen binding protein in the kidney similar to that seen in the
      liver. Furthermore, the data suggest that estradiol down-regulate its own
      receptor. The results are discussed in relation to present concepts on the
      actions of estrogens and the metabolism of vitamin D3.

PMID- 3398529
TI  - Presence of low affinity estrogen binding sites in guinea-pig Kurloff cells.
AB  - Estrogen treatment of guinea-pig leads to an increase in the number of lymphoid
      cells containing Kurloff inclusions. The presence of estradiol binding sites in
      cytosolic extracts of Kurloff cells was investigated. We confirm here our
      previous inability to measure the typical type I estrogen receptor by using the
      classical dextran-charcoal procedure to separate bound and free ligand. We report
      now that low affinity estrogen binding sites (Kd approximately equal to 11 nM)
      can be detected when Kurloff cell extracts were fractionated on hydroxylapatite
      or Sephadex LH-20 after binding assay. Although the real function of these
      binding sites remains to be defined, the question arises again whether Kurloff
      cell represents a target cell for estrogens.

PMID- 3398530
TI  - Structure-activity relationships of the inhibition of human placental aromatase
      by imidazole drugs including ketoconazole.
AB  - The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of several
      imidazole drugs to inhibit human placental aromatase compared with the known
      inhibitors of aromatase, 4-hydroxyandrostenedione (4-OHA) and aminoglutethimide
      (AG). Inhibition was similar with both androstenedione and testosterone as
      substrates. The order of decreasing inhibitory effect (determined from ID50
      values) was: 4-OHA greater than tioconazole greater than econazole greater than
      bifonazole greater than clotrimazole greater than micomazole greater than
      isoconazole greater than ketoconazole greater than AG greater than nimorazole.
      The imidazole drugs and AG were reversible inhibitors of aromatase activity, in
      contrast 4-OHA was an irreversible inhibitor. Astemizole inhibited less than 40%
      whereas metronidazole, carbimazole, mebendazole, tinidazole and thiabendazole
      inhibited less than 20% of aromatase activity at 100 mumol/l. The imidazole drugs
      and AG were without effect on 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-isomerase (3
      beta-HSD-I) and 17 beta-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase activity. In contrast 4-OHA
      was found to be a potent, reversible inhibitor of 3 beta-HSD-I with an ID50 value
      of 2.15 mumol/l. A common structural feature of the imidazole drugs having an
      inhibitory effect was the presence of one or more aromatic rings on the N-1
      substituent. In contrast, the imidazole drugs having the imidazole ring fused to
      a benzene ring, i.e. benzimidazoles (astemizole, mebendazole, thiabendazole) and
      those having an aliphatic side chain on the N-1 of the imidazole ring
      (carbimazole, metronidazole, nimorazole, tinidazole) were only weak inhibitors of
      aromatase.

PMID- 3398531
TI  - Aldosterone biosynthesis in mitochondria of isolated zones of adrenal cortex.
AB  - An assumption that the aldosterone-synthesizing enzyme exists only in zona
      glomerulosa cells apparently contradicts our recent findings that a purified
      bovine adrenocortical cytochrome P-45011 beta catalyzes the aldosterone formation
      and the enzyme exists in both zones of the adrenal cortex. To gain more insight
      into the zone specificity of aldosterone production, the aldosterone-synthesizing
      activity of mitochondria prepared from the isolated zones of adrenal cortex of
      various animal species was investigated. The intact mitochondria from the bovine
      or porcine zonae fasciculata-reticularis could not produce aldosterone whereas
      those from the zona glomerulosa produced it at a significant rate. When the
      mitochondria from the zonae fasciculata-reticularis were solubilized by the
      addition of cholate, they produced aldosterone from corticosterone at a rate
      comparable to that of those from the zona glomerulosa. The presence of specific
      factor(s) in the zonae fasciculata-reticularis mitochondria inhibiting expression
      of the aldosterone synthetic activity is discussed. The mitochondria of the rat
      zonae fasciculata-reticularis could hardly catalyze aldosterone synthesis under
      the detergent-solubilized conditions, whereas those of the zona glomerulosa
      could. Immunoblot analysis revealed that the mitochondria of the zonae
      fasciculata-reticularis contained a protein of Mr 51,000 which was
      immunocrossreactive with a monoclonal antibody directed against P-45011 beta,
      whereas those of the zona glomerulosa contained two immunocrossreactive proteins
      of Mr 51,000 and 49,000. These results suggest that in the case of rat adrenal
      cortex, a specific aldosterone-synthesizing enzyme exists in the zona
      glomerulosa.

PMID- 3398532
TI  - Microbial transformations of steroids--I. Rare transformations of progesterone by
      Apiocrea chrysosperma.
AB  - When Apiocrea chrysosperma is incubated with progesterone for 7 days in a
      peptone, yeast-extract medium, eight major metabolites are produced. Each
      compound has been purified and its structure determined by high-field 1D and 2D
      1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. A clear synthetic pattern is
      recognisable. The products have been formed by multiple transformation reactions,
      usually double hydroxylations. Seven compounds are tertiary alcohols in which the
      hydroxyl group is located on the underside of the progesterone skeleton at either
      the axial 9 alpha- or the axial 14 alpha-site. One compound has hydroxyl groups
      at both these sites. Five metabolites are also secondary progesterone alcohols,
      the hydroxyl groups being at the 6 beta-, 15 alpha- or 15 beta-sites. Two
      compounds are monohydroxy metabolites; one is dehydrogenated in ring B and the
      other has lost the pregnane side-chain. The structures of the eight metabolites
      are 6 beta, 9 alpha-dihydroxyprogesterone; 6 beta, 14 alpha
      dihydroxyprogesterone; 9 alpha, 14 alpha-dihydroxyprogesterone; 9 alpha, 15 beta
      dihydroxyprogesterone, 14 alpha, 15 alpha-dihydroxyprogesterone; 14 alpha, 15
      beta-dihydroxyprogesterone; 14 alpha-hydroxypregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione and 15
      alpha-hydroxyandrostene-3,17-dione. All compounds, except the last one, are
      biologically rare because they are not products of mammalian progesterone or
      androstenedione metabolism. They would be difficult to synthesise chemically. We
      believe that the compounds, 9 alpha, 15 beta-dihydroxyprogesterone; 14 alpha, 15
      alpha-dihydroxyprogesterone and 14 alpha-hydroxypregn-4,6-diene-3,20-dione, have
      not been reported previously as microbial transformation products of
      progesterone.

PMID- 3398534
TI  - Estrogen modulation of riboflavin carrier protein in the bonnet monkey (Macaca
      radiata).
AB  - Circulatory concentrations of riboflavin carrier protein (RCP) were quantitated
      in bonnet macaques by employing a heterologous radioimmunoassay involving 125I
      labelled chicken RCP and its antiserum. The levels of monkey RCP in the serum
      seem to be governed by the estrogenic status of the animals. An increase in
      concentration of serum estradiol in the adult females during the menstrual cycle
      and early pregnancy could be correlated with enhanced serum RCP levels. Estadiol
      17 beta administered to both immature female and male monkeys, specifically
      brought about elevated levels of RCP with a slower time course of response in
      males than in females. These results could be a reflection of a more rapid
      decline of both circulatory estrogen and RCP concentrations in male serum.
      Repeated administration of estradiol-17 beta to male animals led to prolonged
      elevated levels of RCP following estrogen administration. Thus, it would appear
      that the evolutionary conservation of RCPs from the aves to the primates
      encompasses not only their physicochemical similarities but also extends to the
      estrogenic modulation of their elaboration.

PMID- 3398533
TI  - Acquisition of estrogen-dependent progesterone receptors by normal mouse mammary
      gland. Ontogeny of mammary progesterone receptors.
AB  - Progesterone is known to stimulate cell proliferation of normal and neoplastic
      rodent mammary tissues. Recently we have observed that while progesterone is
      highly effective in sexually mature mice, no significant effect of progesterone
      can be demonstrated in immature, pubertal mammary gland. In the case of the adult
      gland, the mitogenic effects of progesterone appear to be related to the presence
      of E-dependent progesterone receptors (PgR). By contrast, immature mammary glands
      lack E-dependent PgR. The purpose of the present studies was to study the
      ontogeny of E-dependent PgR and the factors that lead to the acquisition of
      responsiveness to progesterone. The results obtained demonstrate that E-dependent
      PgR are first detectable at 7 weeks of age. Analysis of changes occurring in the
      mammary gland around this time indicate that E-dependent PgR are not acquired
      until the pubertal mammary epithelial growth phase has occurred. Furthermore both
      the growth phase and acquisition of PgR are dependent upon the presence of the
      ovaries. Analysis of concentration and subcellular distribution of both PgR and
      estrogen receptors indicate that there are no differences between pubertal and
      adult mice that could account for the absence of this estrogenic response and
      lack of E-dependent PgR in immature mammary gland.

PMID- 3398535
TI  - Preparation of 3 beta, 5 alpha-, 3 alpha, 5 alpha- and 3 alpha, 5 beta-tetrahydro
      derivatives of 19-noraldosterone by chemical synthesis and microbial
      bioconversion.
AB  - The 3 beta, 5 alpha-, 3 alpha, 5 alpha- and 3 alpha, 5 beta-tetrahydro
      derivatives 19, 20 and 27 of 19-noraldosterone (1) were prepared to facilitate
      the search for these compounds in urine. The diketal 4, consisting of a 2:1
      mixture of the 5,6- and 5(10)-ene isomers, was hydrogenated with Pd-C and
      partially hydrolyzed to 5 alpha, 10 alpha- and 5 alpha, 10 beta-dihydroketals 8
      and 10 in a 1:2.5 ratio. Assignment of protons was done with aid of COSY 45
      experiments. Compound 10 was reduced with diisobutylaluminum hydride (DIBAH) to 4
      products: the 3 alpha- and 3 beta-ol hemiacetals 16 and 15, and the corresponding
      tetraols 14 and 13. Alternatively, hydrogenation of the 4-en-3-one 2 gave 10, its
      5 beta, 10 beta-isomer 21 and the tetrahydro compound 22, in a 4:2:1 ratio. A
      better way to prepare the 5 beta, 10 beta-series involved microbial conversion of
      2 with Clostridium paraputrificum, and the resulting tetrahydrolactone 23 was
      reduced with DIBAH to the hemiacetal 24. Acid hydrolysis of 16, 15 and 24
      afforded 20, 19 and 27, respectively. According to [1H]-NMR, in solution 20 and
      24 exist as mixtures of isomers, while 19 appears in one form only. Periodate
      oxidation converted 19 and 27 into their gamma-etiolactones 18 and 28. EI MS base
      peaks are different and characteristic for 19, 20 and 27.

PMID- 3398536
TI  - Micro-HPLC and transfer techniques for directly measuring drug (indomethacin)
      transport across the isolated perfused renal proximal straight tubule.
AB  - We wished to study the active transport of indomethacin across isolated segments
      of renal proximal tubules. To do so, we developed a microbore HPLC technique
      capable of directly measuring pharmacologic concentrations of indomethacin in
      nanoliter sample volumes. The technique also required development of methods for
      transferring of samples, introduction of internal standard and identification of
      an oil, under which the sample could be collected without interference with the
      assay itself or the compounds of interest. We found that gamma-terpinene could be
      used as the oil, for it did not impede the assay, did not dissolve indomethacin
      or inulin, and indomethacin and inulin remained stable in the water phase.
      Transfer of sample was effected with a glass tube containing 640 nL of water plus
      internal standard into which the indomethacin sample pipette (110 nL) could be
      introduced. This transfer tube was then capped with PE-60 tubing, which could
      later be used for withdrawing sample into an injection syringe for HPLC assay.
      This method proved feasible for measuring indomethacin transport across isolated
      perfused proximal tubule segments and should be applicable for similar studies of
      other drugs.

PMID- 3398537
TI  - Use of the sucrose-gap technique for quantitative pharmacological studies on
      isolated adult spinal cord of small mammals.
AB  - We describe here the development of an isolated hemisected adult spinal cord
      preparation suitable for use with the sucrose-gap technique for pharmacological
      studies of spinal circuitry in small mammals. Optimum conditions for viable
      activity and high-quality recordings are described together with examples of the
      use of this system to study the effect of the putative transmitter GABA and a
      known antagonist, bicuculline, on primary afferent terminal excitability and
      dorsal root potentials (DRP). Application of GABA to the spinal cord resulted in
      a depolarization of primary afferent terminals (PAD), which could be recorded in
      sucrose-gap as a DRP. This depolarizing potential was depressed but not
      eliminated by low Cl- ringer and was competitively antagonized by the application
      of varying concentrations of bicuculline. The results demonstrate both the
      viability and potential of this technique for pharmacological studies of adult
      mammalian spinal cord.

PMID- 3398539
TI  - Blood nicotine levels in hamsters after smoking and subcutaneous nicotine.
AB  - Information is limited on blood nicotine levels among laboratory animals
      subjected to smoking or nicotine injections. This study was done to provide such
      information on blood nicotine levels in hamsters to better investigate nicotine
      related pathology, using levels similar to those of human smokers. Blood nicotine
      levels were quantitated by gas chromatography and mass spectrophotometry among
      adult hamsters smoking one of three different strength cigarettes and hamsters
      injected with four different doses of subcutaneous nicotine, and their controls.
      The recorded levels rose dose dependently with increasing cigarette strengths and
      increasing doses of injected nicotine. Based upon regression equations, blood
      nicotine levels in the hamster model approximating human habitual ad lib. smoking
      are achieved by using a 1.56-mg nicotine cigarette or injecting 0.15 mg/kg
      nicotine. The Syrian golden hamster provides a good model for acute or chronic
      studies involving cigarette smoking.

PMID- 3398538
TI  - Simple canine model of arterial thrombosis with endothelial injury suitable for
      investigation of thrombolytic agents.
AB  - Three separate studies were done to evaluate a new canine model of arterial
      thrombosis with endothelial injury. Endothelial injury was produced by exposing
      the luminal surface of a 2-cm segment of femoral artery to 100 degrees C saline
      for 5 min. There was no disruption of proximal or distal blood flow with this
      model, and thrombolysis was continuously monitored by measuring 125I-labelled
      fibrin gamma emissions from the thrombus. Study No. 1 showed that complete
      endothelial denudation was achieved with this model. Study No. 2 demonstrated 1)
      adherence of the experimentally induced thrombus to subendothelial connective
      tissue, and 2) endogenous thrombolysis of approximately 9% during the initial 2 h
      after thrombus formation. Study No. 3 tested the usefulness of the model for
      evaluating the thrombolytic efficacy of urokinase. Urokinase (30,000 U/Kg, bolus
      IV injection) caused 38 +/- 5.4% thrombolysis within 90 min of drug
      administration versus 5.9 +/- 2.4% for a saline-treated control group. We
      conclude that this model provides a technically simple and reproducible method
      for the laboratory investigation of thrombosis and thrombolysis in arteries with
      endothelial injury.

PMID- 3398540
TI  - An inexpensive bipolar stimulator.
AB  - The design of a pulse generator for electrical transmural stimulation is
      described. The device produces pulses of alternating polarity with amplitudes
      continuously variable up to 120 V and output currents limited to 6 mA. Pulse
      widths may be varied from 1 to 5 ms with repetition rates from 1.7 to 40 pulses
      per sec. A gate signal may be applied to inhibit output so that bursts of pulses
      may be generated.

PMID- 3398541
TI  - An in vitro model of platelet aggregation in stenotic arteries.
AB  - Clinical and experimental evidence suggest a strong relationship between arterial
      stenosis, platelet aggregation, and subsequent thrombus formation. To facilitate
      the study of platelet accumulation in stenotic arteries, we developed an in vitro
      preparation. Arterial segments were perfused with whole citrated blood. A
      stenosis was created by applying an external plastic constrictor to the artery.
      Platelet accumulation within the stenosis was assessed by scanning electron
      microscopy and by radioactive counts from Indium-111 labeled platelets. Utilizing
      this preparation, 30 carotid arterial segments from 10 mongrel dogs were perfused
      at 100 mmHg for 15 min. In 10 arteries without a stenosis, scanning electron
      microscopy and radioactive counts demonstrated little platelet accumulation. In
      contrast, extensive platelet aggregation was observed in 10 arteries with
      stenoses. Moreover, in 10 stenotic arteries exposed to the thromboxane mimetic,
      U46619 (Upjohn Diagnostic Group), scanning electron microscopy and radioactive
      counts demonstrated a significant increase in platelet deposition. Conversely, we
      demonstrated a dimunition of platelet accumulation in stenosed arterial segments
      exposed to the prostacyclin analogue platelet inhibitor, Iloprost (Berlex
      Laboratories, Inc.). The in vitro preparation allows precise control of
      hemodynamic variables and makes it possible to perform multiple tests on segments
      of the same vessel from the same animal.

PMID- 3398542
TI  - Tricuspid atresia versus other complex lesions. Comparison of results with a
      modified Fontan procedure.
AB  - Several modifications of the Fontan principle are currently applied to the
      treatment of tricuspid atresia with low mortality. The use of these modifications
      in other malformations has most frequently been associated with less satisfactory
      results. At our institution, from June 1977 to October 1986, 35 consecutive
      patients, whose ages ranged from 8 months to 20 years (median age 3.4 years),
      underwent a modified Fontan procedure. Twenty patients with a median age of 3.2
      years (group I) having tricuspid atresia (16 patients) or hypoplastic right heart
      syndrome (four patients) were treated by means of a right atrium-pulmonary artery
      anastomosis (12 patients) or right atrium-subpulmonary chamber connection (eight
      patients). Fifteen patients (group II) with a median age of 3.6 years, having a
      single left ventricle (10 patients), left atrioventricular valve hypoplasia or
      atresia (three patients), or double-outlet right ventricle (two patients),
      underwent right atrium-pulmonary artery anastomosis, together with a
      repositioning of the atrial septum to the right of the right atrioventricular
      valve, which thus left intact the inlet to the ventricle(s). The operative
      mortality rate was 25% in group I and 0% in group II. One patient in group I and
      one in group II died late postoperatively. All the 28 survivors are free of
      symptoms 3 months to 9 years after correction. According to our results, low risk
      can be associated with modified Fontan procedures in the treatment of complex
      heart malformations other than tricuspid or pulmonary atresia. Preserving the
      integrity of the entire inlet to the ventricle(s) by repositioning the
      interatrial septum, as done in group II malformations, might be helpful in
      improving the quality of the repair.

PMID- 3398543
TI  - The modified Fontan operation for asplenia and polysplenia syndromes.
AB  - From 1975 through 1986, 49 patients with asplenia (23 patients) or polysplenia
      (26 patients) syndromes underwent a modified Fontan operation. All patients had
      anomalous systemic venous return, and 43 (88%) had anomalous pulmonary venous
      return. The atrioventricular valve anatomy varied: 36 patients had a common
      atrial chamber and common atrioventricular valve, eight had mitral valve atresia,
      and five had severe mitral valve hypoplasia. Redirection of systemic venous
      return was accomplished by (1) atrial baffle (29 patients), (2) intraatrial
      conduit (19 patients), and (3) extraatrial conduit (one patient). There were 21
      (43%) hospital deaths overall. However, since 1985, six of 22 patients (27%) have
      died. Increased mortality was seen in patients requiring atrioventricular valve
      repair or replacement (8/11, 73%) and in patients with asplenia (65%). Lower
      mortality was seen in patients with polysplenia (24%) and those receiving an
      intraatrial conduit (26%), although this decrease also represents the more recent
      experience. We conclude: (1) The Fontan operation for patients with asplenia or
      polysplenia syndromes has resulted in a significant (although recently declining)
      mortality; (2) mortality is higher in patients with asplenia; (3) patients with
      atrioventricular valve insufficiency requiring repair or replacement are at
      higher risk; and (4) intraatrial conduits seem to offer promise for successfully
      accomplishing this repair.

PMID- 3398544
TI  - Acute liver dysfunction after modified Fontan operation for complex cardiac
      lesions. Analysis of the contributing factors and its relation to the early
      prognosis.
AB  - Acute liver dysfunction was analyzed in 15 patients who received a modified
      Fontan operation for single ventricle in nine (atrial isomerism, seven) and
      tricuspid or mitral atresia in six. Nine patients had elevation of serum glutamic
      pyruvic transaminase levels above 1000 U/L during the first week. As an analysis
      of postoperative liver function during the first week, the highest values of
      serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and total bilirubin and the lowest
      prothrombin time were scored from 0 to 4 within each parameter, and totaled to
      give a liver dysfunction score. The liver dysfunction score was 0 to 2 (no or
      trivial injury) in five patients, 3 to 5 (mild) in two, and 6 to 11 (moderate or
      severe) in eight (53.3%). The group operated on for single ventricle had a higher
      incidence (67%) of a liver dysfunction score of 6 or higher than the other group
      (33%). A multivariate analysis for the prediction of the liver dysfunction score
      mainly from early postoperative hemodynamics showed the highest correlation with
      cardiac index, followed by urine output, systolic arterial pressure, and central
      venous pressure. One patient required plasmapheresis. Four died early (less than
      1 month); three of these had a liver dysfunction score of 6 or higher. Those with
      scores of 6 or above had higher serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase levels at 1
      month after operation than those with scores less than 5. In three patients
      (single ventricle), hepatic venous oxygen saturation was monitored and showed a
      marked decrease to below 20% with subsequent acute liver dysfunction. These
      results indicate that acute liver dysfunction appears to occur in patients with
      complex lesions after a modified Fontan operation from possible hepatic
      hypoperfusion and that low cardiac output may be more crucial than high central
      venous pressure alone.

PMID- 3398545
TI  - Comparison of cardiac function in surgically corrected and congenitally corrected
      transposition of the great arteries.
AB  - The capacity of the anatomic right ventricle to sustain normal function against
      systemic pressure long after atrial baffle procedures in patients with complete
      transposition of the great arteries remains unknown. Pulmonary and systemic
      ventricular function was measured by first-pass radionuclide studies in 11
      children 7 +/- 3 years (+/- standard deviation) after baffle procedures. For
      comparison, similar measurements were made in eight patients with isolated
      congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries and in 10 children in
      a control group. Exercise increased heart rate and cardiac index to similar
      levels in all three groups. Ventricular volumes were greater than control volumes
      in both groups with congenital heart disease. Exercise increased pulmonary
      ventricular ejection fraction in the control and congenitally corrected groups,
      but not in the surgically corrected group. Systemic ventricular ejection fraction
      increased during exercise in the control group, but remained unchanged in both
      transposition groups. These results show that cardiac index during exercise is
      maintained in patients after baffle procedures for complete transposition of the
      great arteries. However, pulmonary and systemic ventricular ejection fractions
      fail to increase with exercise, and ventricular volumes are markedly greater than
      normal.

PMID- 3398546
TI  - External beam and intraluminal radiotherapy in the treatment of carcinoma of the
      esophagus.
AB  - During a 10-year period, 46 patients with unresectable or inoperable carcinoma of
      the esophagus were treated with teletherapy-brachytherapy combination at the
      University of Southern California School of Medicine. Stage distribution was as
      follows: stage I, 5 (11%) patients; stage II, 23 (50%) patients; stage III, six
      (13%) patients; and stage IV, 12 (26%) patients. Thirteen patients were treated
      for recurrent disease, including 11 patients initially treated with teletherapy
      and two who had had surgical resection. Radiotherapy was given by teletherapy in
      33 and brachytherapy in all 46 patients. An average tumor dose was 50 Gy with
      teletherapy and 20 Gy per application with brachytherapy. There were 25 patients
      who had more than one brachytherapy application. The 5-year actuarial survival
      rate for 28 patients with stage I or II disease was 12%, with a median of 13
      months. This compared with no 5-year survivals and a median survival of 10 months
      for the 18 patients with stage III or IV disease. Failure at the primary site was
      seen in 16 (35%) patients. Complete response was seen in 20%, partial response in
      76%, and no response in 4%. Treatment was well tolerated. Complications included
      esophageal stenosis in two patients and tracheoesophageal fistula in one.
      Teletherapy-brachytherapy combination is an effective treatment in the management
      of unresectable or inoperable carcinoma of the esophagus.

PMID- 3398547
TI  - Surgical treatment of symptomatic, drug-resistant ventricular bigeminy and other
      forms of complex ventricular ectopy (ventricular allorhythmias).
AB  - This article describes 18 patients with drug-resistant ventricular bigeminy and
      other forms of complex ventricular ectopy (allorhythmias) associated with
      recurrent syncope. Particular emphasis is placed on the electrophysiologic
      methods used to characterize the basis of these arrhythmias and to accomplish
      isochronous mapping to identify their site of origin. A malignant course of drug
      resistant bigeminy in combination with other rhythm disorders was accepted as
      indications for surgical intervention. Cryosurgery was the method used most
      frequently for the ablation of arrhythmogenic myocardium. All 18 patients
      underwent postoperative electrophysiologic studies and Holter monitoring to
      determine the efficacy of the operation. Fifteen of the 18 patients were cured of
      their symptomatic arrhythmia. Thus surgical intervention is an effective method
      for the treatment of patients with symptomatic, drug-resistant ventricular
      allorhythmias.

PMID- 3398548
TI  - Prediction of severe obstruction to right ventricular outflow after repair of
      tetralogy of Fallot and pulmonary atresia.
AB  - Cineangiograms were available for a quantitative retrospective study along with
      complete clinical information in 96 patients who underwent intracardiac repair of
      tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary atresia. Multivariate analysis determined that
      the risk factors for too high a ratio (greater than or equal to 1) between the
      peak pressure in the right ventricle and that in the left, in the operating room
      about 30 minutes after repair, were as follows: size of the patient, small size
      of the right and left pulmonary arteries, and a larger number of large
      aortopulmonary collateral arteries. When, according to the multivariate equation,
      the predicted probability of this ratio being equal to or greater than 1 is 50%
      or more, consideration may be given to preliminary operations before repair; when
      the predicted probability is 70% or more, complete repair at that stage may be
      unwise.

PMID- 3398549
TI  - Early and late results of reconstructive operation for congenital mitral
      regurgitation in pediatric age group.
AB  - Sixty-six children aged between 8 months and 15 years (average age 5.5 +/- 3.8
      years) underwent mitral reconstructive operations for congenital mitral
      regurgitation between June 1969 and February 1987. The pathologic findings of the
      mitral valves were annular dilatation in 37 patients, cleft of the leaflet in
      eight, hypoplasia of the leaflet in 44, perforation of the leaflet in one,
      chordal elongation in 22, chordal absence in 16, and chordal shortening in seven.
      The methods of repair consisted of asymmetric annuloplasty (Kay-Reed method) in
      61 patients, De Vega-type annuloplasty in one, plication of redundant leaflet in
      15, and closure of cleft or perforation in nine. The single operative death
      (1.5%) was due to heart block. Follow-up data were available over 373.8 patient
      years (average 5.7 years). The four late deaths (6.0%) were due to heart failure
      in two patients, pneumonia in one, and hepatitis in one. The actuarial survival
      rate was 93.1% +/- 3.1% at 7 years and 88.4% +/- 5.1% after 17 years.
      Valvuloplasty failed in 19 of the long-term survivors. One of these patients
      underwent mitral valve replacement 11 years after initial operation. The rate of
      freedom from reoperation was 86% +/- 10% after 17 years. The rate of freedom from
      valvuloplasty failure was 80% +/- 6.7% after 5 years, 67% +/- 7.2% after 10
      years, and 44% +/- 11.9% after 15 years.

PMID- 3398550
TI  - Experimental evaluation of atriopulmonary anastomosis in the presence of high
      pulmonary resistance.
AB  - We studied pulmonary resistance as a surgical criterion for atriopulmonary shunt.
      We created a model of experimental pulmonary hypertension by establishing a
      systemic-pulmonary shunt in 11 dogs. Two to 3 months after the shunt operation,
      total pulmonary resistance was calculated before (7.24 +/- 1.54 U . m2) and after
      (3.50 +/- 1.54 U . m2) ligation of the shunt. An atriopulmonary anastomosis
      technique was then performed and the hemodynamic status of the dogs during the
      first 2 postoperative hours was evaluated. Pathologic study of the lungs
      disclosed no arterial lesions. From our experimental work, we conclude that the
      surgical criterion for establishing the indication for this operation should be
      pulmonary resistance, which is conditioned by the state of the intrapulmonary
      vessels. We propose a procedure for determining real pulmonary resistance in the
      course of preoperative catheterization.

PMID- 3398551
TI  - Frequency and location of atherosclerotic plaques in the ascending aorta.
AB  - Among 97 specimens of ascending aorta from adults with clinical coronary disease,
      the prevalence of atherosclerotic plaques greater than 8 mm in diameter was 38%.
      The right side of the ascending aorta was more commonly involved than the left;
      the sites least commonly involved were the right-posterior, upper right-anterior,
      and lower posterior locations. Of specimens with plaques at the orifice of the
      innominate artery, 80% also had plaques in the ascending aorta, and 73% of
      specimens with plaques at the orifice of the left subclavian artery had plaques
      in the ascending aorta.

PMID- 3398552
TI  - Hemangioma of the right ventricle causing outflow tract obstruction.
AB  - A 3 1/2-year-old child had a murmur of pulmonary stenosis. Echocardiography and
      cardiac catheterization revealed a pulmonary infundibular obstruction. Magnetic
      resonance imaging of the heart demonstrated a mass in the interventricular
      septum. The mass was successfully resected and a pathologic diagnosis of
      capillary hemangioma was made. Only two previous cases of hemangioma causing
      right ventricular outflow obstruction have been reported; both of these cases
      involved adults. This case represents the first report of a hemangioma causing
      right ventricular outflow tract obstruction in a child. An exploratory operation
      with resection is the treatment of choice.

PMID- 3398553
TI  - Faulty sternotomy and complications after median sternotomy.
AB  - In 11 of 55 patients with complications of median sternotomy, a paramedian
      sternotomy has been detected by computed tomography or at reparative operation.
      The thin side of the sternum is easily broken by the closing wires, this being
      the cause of instability and probably dehiscence and consequent infection and
      osteomyelitis. Most of the 11 patients in this group had some other predisposing
      risk factors, such as obesity, prolonged aortic cross-clamp time, and prolonged
      respiratory assistance. We suggest that, if a paramedian sternotomy is diagnosed
      at the primary operation, special closure techniques should be undertaken. Each
      patient with early dehiscence of a median sternotomy should undergo a computed
      tomographic examination. If a paramedian sternotomy is proved, simple reclosure
      is inadvisable. Sternectomy and closure with muscle flaps are then indicated.

PMID- 3398554
TI  - Surgical bypass of the systemic atrioventricular valve in children by means of a
      valved conduit.
AB  - The surgical approach to relief of mitral stenosis in children is still a
      controversial problem. We describe our experience with four severely symptomatic
      children in whom a valved conduit from the left atrium to the left ventricle was
      successfully used to bypass a hypoplastic systemic atrioventricular valve. A left
      atrial-left ventricular extracardiac conduit was implanted in these patients with
      a hypoplastic mitral anulus and an adequate left ventricular chamber. There were
      no early or late deaths. Postoperative cardiac catheterization performed in all
      patients 1 month after the operation showed reduced size of the left atrium, a
      reduction of the left atrial-left ventricular gradient from a mean of 14 mm Hg to
      a mean of 5 mm Hg, and an increase of the left atrial outlet from a mean diameter
      of 10.7 mm to 28.7 mm (including the diameter of the native mitral valve plus the
      internal diameter of the valved conduit). The application of this unconventional
      operation in children with congenital or acquired stenosis of the systemic
      atrioventricular valve should be considered when the mitral valve obstruction
      cannot be relieved by conventional valve repair or replacement. Furthermore, the
      left atrial-left ventricular conduit does not preclude future alternative
      surgical options.

PMID- 3398556
TI  - Bronchoscopic findings in traumatic rupture of the thoracic aorta.

PMID- 3398557
TI  - Can we delay the occurrence of spontaneous degeneration of bioprosthetic valves?

PMID- 3398558
TI  - Surgery for left ventricular outflow tract stenosis in atrioventricular septal
      defect.

PMID- 3398555
TI  - Dipyridamole preserved platelets and reduced blood loss after cardiopulmonary
      bypass.
AB  - Cardiopulmonary bypass activates and depletes platelets, which may contribute to
      postoperative bleeding. In addition, activated platelets may be deposited in the
      coronary vasculature after ischemia and cardioplegia, which may delay recovery of
      cardiac function and metabolism and may contribute to early bypass graft
      occlusion. The antiplatelet agent dipyridamole reduces platelet activation and
      depletion and may decrease postoperative bleeding and transfusion requirements. A
      prospective randomized trial was conducted in 58 patients undergoing elective
      coronary bypass operations to compare the effects of oral (19 patients) and
      intravenous (21 patients) dipyridamole to the results obtained in a control group
      (18 patients) who received no dipyridamole. Preoperative oral administration of
      dipyridamole resulted in lower plasma drug concentrations in the early
      postoperative period than perioperative intravenous administration (p = 0.0001 by
      analysis of variance). Postoperative arterial platelet counts were highest in the
      patients receiving intravenous dipyridamole, intermediate in those receiving oral
      dipyridamole, and lowest in the control group (p = 0.03 by analysis of variance).
      Postoperative blood loss and blood product transfusions were significantly
      reduced with both oral and intravenous dipyridamole (p = 0.04 by analysis of
      variance). Dipyridamole preserved platelets and reduced postoperative bleeding.
      Intravenous dipyridamole resulted in higher platelet counts than oral
      dipyridamole and may be required to reduce postoperative bleeding in high-risk
      patients.

PMID- 3398560
TI  - [Breech birth].

PMID- 3398559
TI  - [Fetal growth in Zagreb].

PMID- 3398561
TI  - [Evaluation of the quality of care in high-risk pregnancy using implicit
      criteria].

PMID- 3398562
TI  - [Secondary amenorrhea in gonadal dysgenesis with a 46 XY karyotype].

PMID- 3398563
TI  - [Active manifestation of genital tuberculosis in premenopause].

PMID- 3398564
TI  - [A combination of cyclophosphamide, adriamycin and platinum (CAP) in the
      treatment of stage III and IV ovarian cancer].

PMID- 3398565
TI  - [Rhabdomyosarcoma of the ovary with late involvement of the central nervous
      system].

PMID- 3398568
TI  - [Can your hospital survive the current economic situation? Revision of the points
      system for reimbursement according to the National Health Insurance system].

PMID- 3398566
TI  - [Acute cholecystitis in a neonate].

PMID- 3398567
TI  - [The menarche in female students in Guinea-Bissau].

PMID- 3398569
TI  - [Questions and answers on nursing management: the problem of the increasing
      number of aged patients admitted or discharged from hospital].

PMID- 3398570
TI  - [Questions and answers on nursing management: training of nursing supervisors who
      lack self-confidence in supervising the nursing staff].

PMID- 3398571
TI  - [Keywords in nursing management: systematic utilization of hidden manpower and
      organizing a more flexible structure].

PMID- 3398572
TI  - [An interview with Dr. Akira Sato who is a leader in the "Life care system", a
      home care service].

PMID- 3398574
TI  - [Questions and answers on clinical training: guidance of students who give
      insufficient patient information as a cause for their lack of initiative].

PMID- 3398573
TI  - [Questions and answers on nursing education: difficulties in the accurate
      estimation of the level of comprehension by students, and establishing of the
      study goal].

PMID- 3398575
TI  - [Questions and answers on clinical training: complaint by the hospital on the
      lack of self-expression by students].

PMID- 3398576
TI  - [Reassignment of nursing supervisors. Reasons for reassignment--with special
      reference to reassignment at the section head level].

PMID- 3398577
TI  - [Significance and methods of reassignment of nursing supervisors].

PMID- 3398578
TI  - [Problems associated with reassignment of nursing supervisors and their
      management].

PMID- 3398579
TI  - [Reassignment of nursing supervisors: comments by supervisors].

PMID- 3398581
TI  - [Statistical expression of nursing trends. 4. Changes in employment].

PMID- 3398580
TI  - [My interest in caring--care as a support of life].

PMID- 3398582
TI  - [Nursing statistics: changes in the numbers of various types of nursing schools].

PMID- 3398583
TI  - [Keypoints in the training of nursing staff illustrated by examples: expressions
      used to encourage or discourage nurses].

PMID- 3398584
TI  - [Continuing nursing study at hospitals--studies planned for the nurses 3 years
      and 12 years after graduation from nursing schools].

PMID- 3398585
TI  - [Educational research. 5. Research for improvement of teaching methods].

PMID- 3398586
TI  - [Report on nursing education. Analysis of silent scenes and introspection. (1)
      Silence kept by nursing students facing patients].

PMID- 3398587
TI  - [Man and nursing: aging. 5. Freedom and restriction associated with aging. 2. A
      discussion].

PMID- 3398588
TI  - [Self care and patient-oriented nursing--supplement to "introduction to nursing
      philosophy"].

PMID- 3398589
TI  - [A need for capable researchers in the field of nursing].

PMID- 3398590
TI  - Symposium: acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, Kaposi's sarcoma, and the
      lymphatic system: the known and the unknown.

PMID- 3398591
TI  - Putting the immune system back in the body.

PMID- 3398592
TI  - Clinical validation of an automated thin-film reflectance method for measurement
      of magnesium in serum and urine.
AB  - We evaluated an automated method for measuring total magnesium in serum, plasma,
      or urine that utilizes dry multilayered thin-film reagents and reflectance
      photometry for use on the Kodak Ektachem 400 analyzer. Comparison of magnesium
      results by this method and by atomic absorption revealed the following: the
      results on samples from a variety of patients agreed closely, the thin-film
      methodology was not affected by icteric, hemolyzed, or lipemic samples, and over
      100 drugs studied did not interfere. Only very high concentrations of citrate and
      calcium affected magnesium results by this method. Both the accuracy and
      versatility of the thin-film method are well suited to routine, fast response,
      and pediatric testing in the clinical laboratory.

PMID- 3398593
TI  - Mechanism of calcium and magnesium translocation in acute pancreatitis: a
      temporal correlation between hypocalcemia and membrane-mediated excessive
      intracellular calcium accumulation in soft tissues.
AB  - Hypocalcemia frequently occurs in acute pancreatitis (AP), but its pathogenesis
      remains unknown. Since AP is often accompanied by acute alteration in the
      structure and function of cellular membranes, we investigated whether
      hypocalcemia associated with AP can be explained by acute translocation of Ca
      from extracellular to intracellular compartments. AP was induced in dogs by
      injection of autologous bile into the pancreatic duct, and in rats by controlled
      infusion of artificial bile containing Na-taurochlorate, Keflin, and trypsin into
      the cannulated bile duct. Plasma Ca, Mg, amylase, and PTH concentrations were
      determined in the serial samples. Tissue [Ca] and [Mg] were determined in
      pancreas, liver, kidney, and abdominal wall muscle biopsies obtained immediately
      before and 24 h after induction of AP in dogs or 2 h following induction of AP in
      rats to evaluate the temporal correlation between hypocalcemia and excessive
      intracellular Ca accumulation in soft tissues. Hypocalcemia (p less than 0.001)
      and hyperamylasemia (p less than 0.01) occurred within 6 h of AP in dogs, and
      persisted throughout. Plasma [Mg] was lowered and PTH activity was elevated at 6
      and 18 h, and returned to a near normal level by 24 h. Concomitant with
      persisting hypocalcemia and lower ultrafilterable plasma [Ca2+], tissue [Ca] was
      significantly elevated in pancreas (71%), liver (24%), and abdominal muscle
      (112%), but was depleted in kidney by 25%. Pancreas biopsy following AP revealed
      histological signs of fulminant pancreatitis. [Mg] was depleted only in the
      pancreas (18%) and remained unaltered in other tissues. No significant changes
      were noted in the sham-operated animals. The observed temporal correlation
      between profound hypocalcemia and acute excessive intracellular Ca accumulation
      in soft tissues strongly suggests that hypocalcemia in AP may be precipitated by
      leaky-plasma-membrane-mediated excessive intracellular Ca accumulation. Similar
      data together with significantly reduced cellular energy charge (p less than
      0.01) obtained from AP rats provided additional support to our hypothesis.

PMID- 3398594
TI  - Alcoholism in elderly persons: medical aspects and prognosis of 216 inpatients.
AB  - We describe 216 elderly patients (65 years of age or older) who were treated for
      alcoholism in an inpatient treatment program. Emphasis is placed on the
      demographics, medical characteristics, results of laboratory tests, outcome of
      treatment, and various comparisons of early- and late-onset alcoholism. The
      frequency of serious medical disorders among these patients was higher than would
      be expected for the overall population of a similar age. Elderly alcoholics have
      more abnormal results of commonly used laboratory tests than do younger
      alcoholics. Our data show that the elderly alcoholic can be successfully treated
      in a medically oriented inpatient treatment program. The concept of less
      intensive treatment for the elderly alcoholic is generally not supported. More
      intensive treatment may be necessary for some of these patients because of the
      high frequency of accompanying major medical and psychiatric problems. Early
      onset alcoholism predominated, but we found no major differences between the two
      groups.

PMID- 3398595
TI  - Alcoholism in elderly persons: a study of the psychiatric and psychosocial
      features of 216 inpatients.
AB  - The medical records of 216 elderly persons, admitted to the hospital for
      treatment of alcoholism, were reviewed. Concern of family and friends was the
      most common factor motivating patients for admission. Patients with late-onset
      alcoholism reported an association between a life event and problem drinking more
      frequently than did the early-onset alcoholics. The most common associated
      psychiatric disorders were tobacco dependence (67%), organic brain syndrome
      (25%), atypical or mixed organic brain syndrome (19%), and affective disorder
      (12%). Fourteen percent of patients also had a drug abuse or dependence problem,
      all using legally prescribed drugs. Psychiatric diagnoses and results of
      psychologic testing did not differ between early-onset and late-onset alcoholism
      groups. In a 60-patient cohort studied for correlation of outcome of treatment
      for alcoholism with major psychiatric diagnoses, no associations were found.

PMID- 3398596
TI  - Anterior temporal lobectomy for the control of partial complex seizures:
      information for counseling patients.
AB  - We examined the effect of anterior temporal lobectomy on cognitive function in
      the treatment of intractable partial complex seizures in a sample of 142
      patients. Our current results replicate previous work in this area and clearly
      establish the presence of differential effects on cognitive function as a
      consequence of the side of the operation. Learning and memory are most
      susceptible to impairment postoperatively, although general intellectual
      abilities are also affected in a small number of patients. The data are further
      analyzed in a manner that permits determination of the probability of cognitive
      alterations postoperatively for individual patients. Information is provided to
      assist health-care professionals in evaluating the risk-to-benefit ratio relative
      to cognitive abilities as they consider this treatment alternative for their
      patients who suffer from intractable partial complex seizures.

PMID- 3398597
TI  - Insufficiency fractures of the pelvis that simulate metastatic disease.
AB  - Insufficiency fractures of the pelvis, which almost always occur in elderly women
      with osteoporosis, are often misinterpreted as metastatic disease. The initial
      symptom of such fractures is severe pain unassociated with an obvious history of
      trauma. The typical sites of involvement are the sacrum, the iliac bones, and the
      pubis. The plain film appearance of the sacral and iliac fractures is usually
      subtle and easily overlooked, and bone scans will show the abnormal areas more
      readily. The existence of multiple fractures not only in the pelvis but also in
      the vertebrae and ribs should suggest the diagnosis of insufficiency-type stress
      fractures. Computed tomography can exclude the presence of a destructive process
      and an associated soft tissue mass, as would be seen in metastatic disease. If
      insufficiency fractures are identified in the typical anatomic locations, bone
      biopsy is unnecessary.

PMID- 3398598
TI  - Statistical considerations for performing multiple tests in a single experiment.
      1. Introduction.

PMID- 3398599
TI  - Statistical considerations for performing multiple tests in a single experiment.
      2. Comparisons among several therapies.

PMID- 3398600
TI  - An all-consuming journey.

PMID- 3398601
TI  - Rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 3398602
TI  - Oral glucose tolerance test.

PMID- 3398603
TI  - Albumin elimination in female WAG/Rij rats with age: a longitudinal study.
AB  - A longitudinal study was performed to examine total albumin elimination and
      urinary albumin excretion in the female WAG/Rij rat. Complete necropsies were
      performed following the spontaneous death of the animals. The survival
      characteristics of this group was similar to that of survival cohorts. An
      increase in total albumin elimination, urinary protein excretion and urinary
      albumin excretion was observed with age. A proportional increase in the
      contribution of albumin to the urinary protein excretion was also observed.
      However, the observed increase in urinary albumin excretion could not totally
      account for the increase in total albumin elimination. The predominant kidney
      lesion was chronic progressive nephrosis. The histological severity of the renal
      lesions were closely correlated with the increase in urinary albumin and total
      protein loss. It is concluded that the increase in total albumin elimination in
      rats in this study was due to age-related changes and not to cohort effects.

PMID- 3398604
TI  - The carboxylmethylation of cerebral membrane-bound proteins increases with age.
AB  - Recently, we have characterized a membrane-bound (mb) component of brain protein
      carboxylmethyltransferase II (PCMT) which effectively carboxylmethylates
      endogenous mb methyl-accepting proteins (MAPs). (Neurochem. Int., 10 (1987) 155).
      We have also shown that exposing mb-MAPs to mild alkali leads to a marked
      increase in their recognition by PCMT. Since one of the likely consequences of
      the alkaline treatment appears to be the deamidation of selected protein-bound
      asparagines or aspartates, followed by the formation, in their place, of D-or L
      isoaspartates, it is reasonable to assume that mb-MAPs constitute unique targets
      for the mb-PCMT because they contain such unnatural aspartate residues. Testing
      the relevance of this notion to the aging of cerebral mb-MAPs we focus in this
      report on age-related changes involving mb-MAPs. When two-or six-times washed (in
      50 mM NaPO4 buffer, pH 6.5) 17,500 g, 30-min membranes or Percoll-gradient
      purified synaptic membranes were prepared from young (3-4 months) and old (11-12
      months) rat brains and were incubated with 20 microM [3H]methyl S-adenosyl-L
      methionine at pH 6.0, mb-MAP carboxyl[3H]methylation was significantly more
      intense in the old than in the young membranes, no additional increase being
      noted at 28-35 months. Mb-MAP carboxylmethylation increases were confirmed over a
      wide range of membrane protein concentrations and incubation times and are taken
      to reflect age-related modifications of the primary structure of susceptible mb
      MAPs. To investigate these, we incubated young and old membranes, as well as
      their Lubrol-Px (1%) extracts (30 min, 0 degree C), with 0.05 M NH4OH for 90 min
      at 37 degrees C, a treatment which left PCMT activity largely unaffected. Our
      findings reveal that the effect of the NH4OH treatment on the generation of
      carboxylmethylatable sites was markedly smaller in "old" than in "young"
      proteins, suggesting that "new" carboxylmethylatable sites are generated in
      susceptible mb-MAPs in situ, by a process accompanying, or otherwise marking, the
      natural aging of neural membrane proteins.

PMID- 3398605
TI  - Hospital and ambulatory service use by the urban elderly under different health
      care delivery systems.
AB  - For a sample of elderly persons living in an urban community, patterns of use of
      health-care services varied according to whether or not respondents identified
      one of three fee-for-service delivery systems as their primary source of care: a
      hospital, a private physician, or a medical group practice. Differences in
      utilization patterns persisted even when population health and socioeconomic
      characteristics were controlled, and are attributable either to differences in
      system structure or to the population's behavioral response to these systems of
      care. As expected, the health variables, as well as whether or not persons had a
      source of care, were the most important factors in explaining aggregate inpatient
      and ambulatory care visits. In addition, particular sources of care and
      socioeconomic variables were significant in explaining duration of time spent in
      hospital and types of ambulatory care visits. Policy implications of these and
      related findings are discussed.

PMID- 3398606
TI  - Development of a brief screening instrument for detecting depressive disorders.
AB  - A very short (8-item), self-report measure was developed to screen for depressive
      disorders (major depression and dysthymia). The screener departs from traditional
      depressive symptom scales in that 1) individual items are differentially weighted
      and 2) two of the eight items concern diagnostically-relevant durations of
      depressed mood. Analyses of data from a general population and from primary care
      and mental health patients showed that the screener had high sensitivity and good
      positive predictive value for detecting depressive disorder, especially for
      recent disorders and those that met full DSM-III criteria. The high predictive
      utility of the screener, in combination with its brevity, suggests that it may be
      a useful tool for screening for depression in health care settings.

PMID- 3398607
TI  - Identifying catastrophic psychiatric cases. Targeting managed-care strategies.
AB  - Case management programs, a specialized form of utilization review (UR), focus
      their interventions on catastrophic cases, which comprise the minority of
      patients while accounting for the majority of costs. Many case management
      programs base their case identification and review criteria on diagnosis alone,
      although research has shown that it is a poor predictor of length of stay. Using
      claims data from a large nationwide insurer, the authors developed an empirical
      approach to identifying potentially catastrophic cases. The findings suggest
      that, in addition to diagnosis, other factors such as age and treatment setting
      contribute to long stays and high costs and thus should be used to identify
      catastrophic cases for case management interventions. Strategies to target case
      management programs must be considered not only in light of their impact on cost
      but on the quality of care for individual patients.

PMID- 3398608
TI  - A general method of compliance assessment using centralized pharmacy records.
      Description and validation.
AB  - The prescription refill records of centralized pharmacies are a potential source
      of information about patient compliance with long-term medications. We developed
      a method for assessing compliance in such settings and validated our measures
      using pharmacy data and clinical information from patients with seizure disorders
      and hypertension. For patients taking the anticonvulsant medication phenytoin,
      compliance with the drug correlated significantly with mean plasma phenytoin
      level. For patients on antihypertensive medications, compliance with the
      treatment regimen correlated with control of diastolic blood pressure. Many
      patients (15% in the phenytoin validation, and 33% in the blood pressure
      validation) obtained substantial oversupplies of medications; for these patients,
      the direct relationship between compliance and drug effect was not evident. A
      majority of seizure patients with "subtherapeutic" mean plasma phenytoin levels
      were identified as noncompliant using our measures. We conclude that our method
      of assessing compliance in obtaining medications is feasible in "managed care"
      settings, appears to be a valid correlate of drug effects, and may be useful in
      research and patient care.

PMID- 3398609
TI  - [Bacteriology of nonhospital urinary infections].

PMID- 3398610
TI  - [Exploration of premature mortality as a guideline for health policy and an
      indicator of the quality of care].

PMID- 3398611
TI  - [Prevalence of smoking in the medical profession].

PMID- 3398612
TI  - [Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy as the initial manifestation of
      acquired immunologic deficiency syndrome].

PMID- 3398613
TI  - [Various aspects of medical language (current expressions)].

PMID- 3398614
TI  - [Lymph node puncture: past, present and future].

PMID- 3398615
TI  - [A 62-year-old man with a hypogastric tumor and hypercalcemia].

PMID- 3398616
TI  - [Infection caused by human immunologic deficiency virus in health personnel].

PMID- 3398617
TI  - [Impact of the new definition of the AIDS case].

PMID- 3398618
TI  - [Lyme borreliosis in Spain].

PMID- 3398619
TI  - [The interview as a method of evaluating compliance].

PMID- 3398620
TI  - [Clinico-angiographic study of myocardial infarct in patients under 40].

PMID- 3398621
TI  - [Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Histopathological study of 40 cases].

PMID- 3398622
TI  - [Reagent strips in the diagnosis of urinary infection: visual reading compared
      with automatic reading].

PMID- 3398623
TI  - [Myocardial infarct in young persons].

PMID- 3398624
TI  - [Anesthesia and postoperative hepatic changes].

PMID- 3398625
TI  - [Burkitt's lymphoma and acquired immunologic deficiency syndrome].

PMID- 3398626
TI  - [Determination of adenosine deaminase in tuberculous meningitis: initial false
      negative reactions exist in adults].

PMID- 3398627
TI  - [Evaluation of the mediastinum in bronchogenic carcinoma].

PMID- 3398628
TI  - [Medical complications of cocaine use].

PMID- 3398629
TI  - [Esophageal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in acquired immunologic deficiency syndrome].

PMID- 3398630
TI  - [Unilateral spontaneous adrenal hematoma].

PMID- 3398631
TI  - [Changes in phase analysis without deterioration of the isotopic ejection
      fraction of the left ventricle in patients treated with adriamycin].

PMID- 3398632
TI  - [Information on drugs in the daily press].

PMID- 3398633
TI  - [Drugs in the mass media].

PMID- 3398635
TI  - [Report of the Nuclear Cardiology Working Group of the Spanish Society of
      Cardiology and Spanish Society of Nuclear Medicine].

PMID- 3398634
TI  - [Herpetic encephalitis: a study by computerized tomography and magnetic
      resonance].

PMID- 3398636
TI  - [Photo-onycholysis caused by tetracyclines].

PMID- 3398637
TI  - [Listeriosis of the central nervous system].

PMID- 3398638
TI  - [Dermatologic problems in family medicine: analysis of an interconsultation model
      in 381 cases].

PMID- 3398639
TI  - [Pulmonary perfusion after thromboembolism. Long-term course].

PMID- 3398640
TI  - [Treatment of smoking: efficacy of the use of nicotine chewing gum. Double-blind
      study].

PMID- 3398642
TI  - [Science and humanism in current clinical methodology. A perspective from the
      philosophy of science].

PMID- 3398641
TI  - [Value of the study of the bone marrow in the diagnosis of fever of unknown
      origin].

PMID- 3398644
TI  - [Surgical treatment of chronic symptomatic subdural hematoma].

PMID- 3398643
TI  - [Hypoglycemia and diabetes mellitus as complications of treatment with
      pentamidine. Apropos of a case].

PMID- 3398645
TI  - [Can the clinical history and the discharge report be localized in each health
      care episode?].

PMID- 3398647
TI  - Physicochemical, pharmacological and pharmacokinetic study of a new GABAergic
      compound, calcium acetylhomotaurinate.
AB  - It has been shown that calcium acetylhomotaurinate (Ca AOTA; Meram Patent,
      France) decreased voluntary ethanol intake in rats (1); this was antagonized by
      bicuculline. Homotaurine did not have this effect. We thought this was due to a
      different blood-brain barrier crossing ability for the two drugs. The present
      study was, therefore, planned to confirm blood-barrier crossing by Ca AOTA and to
      study the drug's physicochemical and pharmacokinetic characteristics. Both in
      vitro and in vivo (i.p.) administration of Ca AOTA increased the accumulation of
      [3H] GABA in rat striatal synaptosomal preparations. The chemical study confirmed
      Ca AOTA's great stability in biological and hydrophilic media, excluding a
      "homotaurine-dispensing" effect. The molecule was totally dissociated in such
      media, but the absence of any detectable acid form at any pH indicates that ion
      pairs are formed to cross barriers, and/or that a carrier system is used. The
      pharmacokinetic study showed short half-lives (5 and 30 min for the distribution
      and elimination phases) and small distribution volumes. However, the elimination
      phase distribution volume was dose-dependent, a further argument for a carrier
      transport system. From the present study it appears that Ca AOTA is an extremely
      stable drug, totally dissociated in hydrophilic media, which acts centrally as a
      GABA agonist after crossing the blood-brain barrier. It is not a precursor of
      homotaurine and presumably crosses barriers with the help of a transporter.

PMID- 3398646
TI  - Adaptive changes in the effects of angiotensin II on the convulsive-seizure
      threshold in cases of altered sensitivity of dopamine receptors.
AB  - The adaptive changes in the effects of the neuropeptide angiotensin II (AT II) on
      the convulsive-seizure threshold were studied. AT II was injected
      intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) at a dose of 1 micrograms/mouse and convulsive
      seizures were induced by timed intravenous infusion of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) in
      male albino mice. The sensitivity of DA receptors was altered by: repeated (14
      days) intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of the DA receptor antagonist pimozide (1
      mg.kg-1) and subsequent withdrawal of the antagonist for 7 or 21 days; and
      repeated (14 days) subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of the DA receptor agonist
      apomorphine (0.5 mg.kg-1). The convulsive-seizure-increasing effect of AT II was
      enhanced after multiple administration of pimozide and particularly after its
      withdrawal for 21 days. This effect was also enhanced though to a lesser degree
      by repeated treatment with apomorphine. Apomorphine applied 21 days after
      withdrawal of pimozide decreased the pimozide-enhanced effect of AT II. All these
      adaptive changes in the effects of AT II on the PTZ convulsive-seizure threshold
      might be associated with the altered receptor-receptor (AT II-DA-GABA)
      interactions in the brain structures participating in the regulation of the
      convulsive-seizure threshold.

PMID- 3398648
TI  - HPLC determination of 5-hydroxypropafenone in plasma with electrochemical
      detection.
AB  - A high pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method with internal analogue
      standardization for the determination of 5-hydroxypropafenone in plasma is
      described. The method comprises extraction from plasma at pH 9 with diethyl-ether
      and quantification after HPLC separation using a reverse phase by means of
      electrochemical (reductive) detection after electrochemical preoxidation. When
      using 1 ml plasma the lower limit of detection is 0.5 ng/ml. Under routine
      conditions the limit of determination is estimated to be lower than 2 ng/ml. The
      variation coefficients of duplicates drop from about 10% in the range of the
      determination limit to about 3% at 5 ng/ml and above. The determination of 5
      hydroxypropafenone is not impaired by other known metabolites of propafenone.

PMID- 3398649
TI  - Comparison of four methods for the determination of sulphonamide concentrations
      in human plasma.
AB  - Analysis of sulphadimethoxine in plasma from patients treated with this drug was
      performed with four chemical methods: Rieder's modification of the Bratton
      Marshall technique and author's modification of the Morris technique, which are
      supposed to measure "potentially active fraction of sulphonamides", i.e., mainly
      unchanged sulphonamide; the Bratton-Marshall method, which enables the
      determination of "free sulphonamide", i.e., the sum of unchanged sulphonamide and
      glucuronide conjugate; and high performance liquid chromatography which made
      possible the determination of unchanged sulphadimethoxine. The spectrophotometric
      methods based upon Bratton-Marshall reaction gave very few higher results as
      compared with liquid chromatography. The differences between spectrophotometric
      and chromatographic methods were small; therefore, all four methods can be used
      for determination of sulphonamide concentrations in plasma during monitored
      treatment with these drugs.

PMID- 3398650
TI  - Phenobarbital plasma level/dose ratio in monotherapy. Influence of age, sex and
      dose.
AB  - Phenobarbital plasma level/dose ratio (L/D) has been studied in 536 outpatients
      distributed in groups according to age, sex and drug dosage. Samples were
      obtained prior to the first morning dose. Plasma levels that correspond to the
      steady-state phase were determined by homogeneous enzymatic immunoassay (EMITR).
      From the results it must be pointed out: 1) An increase of L/D as the age
      increases within each group; 2) A decrease of L/D as the dose of phenobarbital
      increases in the overall sample; 3) Sex does not affect L/D in any of the
      subgroups studied; 4) For a given dose higher blood levels are reached in
      children 7 to 15 years old in our sample than in other comparable studies in
      Spain.

PMID- 3398651
TI  - UV-induced erythema model: a tool in dermatopharmacology for testing the topical
      activity of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents in man.
AB  - UV-induced erythema is a well known inflammatory model applied both in animal and
      human skin to test the activity of topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory
      compounds in a great variety of pharmaceutical formulations. The aim of this
      study was to evaluate the inhibitory efficacy of piroxicam in two different
      topical formulations (cream 0.5, 1 and 1.5% and gel 1%) as compared to three non
      steroidal compounds, benzydamine, etofenamate and indomethacin (cream 5%), on
      erythema induced after UV-injury on the back of 5 healthy subjects. The results
      showed that piroxicam in cream formulation, indomethacin cream and etofenamate
      gel have a similar effect, decreasing the erythema size 7 h after irradiation.
      However, benzydamine cream and piroxicam gel showed no effect with this method.
      We may conclude that this model is adequate and precise for selecting the most
      appropriate galenic dosage form for an active compound in terms of its clinical
      efficacy when topically administered.

PMID- 3398652
TI  - Wound prophylaxis with metronidazole in head and neck surgical oncology.
AB  - Anaerobic organisms are thought to be an important source of wound infection in
      head and neck oncologic surgery. Antibiotic prophylaxis consisting of agents
      specific for anaerobes combined with broad-spectrum agents that provide coverage
      for other well-recognized pathogens should be an effective combination regimen
      for this group of patients. We conducted a prospective, randomized study
      comparing the efficacy of prophylaxis using combination of metronidazole and
      cefazolin-designated group A, to prophylaxis using cefazolin alone-group B, for
      patients undergoing oncologic procedures of the head and neck. The rate of wound
      infection in the cefazolin-metronidazole group (158 patients) was 9.5%, compared
      with 18.6% in the cefazolin group (172 patients) (p = 0.03). Patients undergoing
      clean procedures had a 4.9% infection rate overall, compared with 17.9% for clean
      contaminated procedures, and 33.3% for contaminated procedures. The average
      length of hospitalization was 20.7 days for patients who developed infections,
      compared with 8.9 days for patients without infection. Anaerobic organisms were
      cultured in 12 of 26 patients, ten of whom did not receive metronidazole. The
      lower rate of wound infection among patients who received metronidazole suggests
      that anaerobic organisms are an important source of wound infection in head and
      neck oncologic surgery. Chemoprophylaxis for these patients should, therefore,
      include specific anaerobic coverage in addition to the broad-spectrum agents that
      cover the more familiar aerobic organisms.

PMID- 3398653
TI  - Vertigo caused by basilar artery compression of the eighth nerve.
AB  - Vascular compression syndromes in the posterior cranial fossa have become well
      described clinical entities, especially for the fifth and seventh cranial nerves.
      Jannetta has proposed vascular compression of the eighth nerve as the etiology of
      hearing loss, tinnitus, and vertigo in some patients. The case that follows
      illustrates a clear-cut example of vestibular symptoms arising from vascular
      compression of the eighth nerve. The patient involved had disabling peripheral
      vertigo refractory to medical management. Magnetic resonance imaging documented a
      tortuous basilar artery compressing the eighth nerve on the involved side. This
      was confirmed at surgery, and a selective section of the vestibular nerve
      provided complete relief of disabling symptoms and preservation of hearing. The
      authors describe the details of this case and the enigma of eighth nerve symptoms
      due to vascular compression.

PMID- 3398654
TI  - Margins of safety with transantral orbital decompression.
AB  - This study involves evaluation of the surgical limits of transantral orbital apex
      decompression (as described by Ogura) by performing the operation on 17 cadaveric
      half-heads. Measurements were then made of the proximity of bone removal to
      several vital structures including the optic nerve, carotid artery siphon,
      cavernous sinus, and frontal lobe dura. Entrance into the sphenoid sinus was
      found to be routine. Adequate decompression requires maximum removal of bone at
      the orbital apex and incision of the periorbita without damage to the adjacent
      vital structures. This requires; 1. knowledge of ethmoid and sphenoid sinus
      anatomy and recognition of anatomic variations, 2. removal of bone under direct
      visualization, and 3. incisions of the periorbita be made most posteriorly first
      to prevent prolapse of orbital fat anteriorly which obscures vision of the
      critical orbital apex periorbita.

PMID- 3398655
TI  - Bioactive glass ceramic in ossicular reconstruction: a preliminary report.
AB  - Current techniques for ossicular reconstruction include ossicular autografts and
      homografts, and plastic and ceramic prostheses. Experimental testing of ceramic
      materials has led to the development of a nonporous, bioactive form of glass
      ceramic (Ceravital) for tympanoplastic reconstruction. To determine the clinical
      usefulness of these implants, Ceravital ossicular reconstructions were evaluated
      in 37 patients treated at the University of Michigan Medical Center during an 18
      month period. Thirty-two patients (86%) with chronic ear disease underwent
      Ceravital ossicular reconstruction with tympanoplasty with or without
      mastoidectomy. Five other patients (14%) underwent ossicular reconstruction--2
      for congenital anomalies, 2 for temporal bone trauma, and 1 patient for glomus
      tympanicum removal. Patient follow-up ranged from 2.2 to 3.8 years, with a mean
      follow-up period of 2.9 years. Prosthesis extrusion occurred in one case (3%).
      Mean preoperative and postoperative (2-year) pure tone air-bone gaps were 41.6 dB
      and 21.3 dB, respectively. Hearing was improved in 35 of 37 patients (95%).
      Postoperative pure tone air-bone gap was closed to 20 dB or less in 23 patients
      (62%). Hearing gains were greater with partial rather than total reconstructions
      (p = 0.14) and significantly greater with intact canal wall rather than canal
      wall down tympanoplasties (p less than 0.05). Initial results obtained with the
      Ceravital ossicular prosthesis compare favorably with those obtained using other
      methods of alloplastic reconstruction. These preliminary data suggest that
      Ceravital is an effective alternative prosthetic material for ossicular
      reconstruction.

PMID- 3398656
TI  - Airway reconstruction following laryngotracheal thermal trauma.
AB  - Care of burn patients is a complex problem for the trauma team involving
      management of fluid and electrolyte imbalances, infections, and ultimately
      reconstruction. Patients with burns of the head, neck, and upper thorax present a
      series of unique problems because of a high incidence of associated upper and
      lower airway thermal trauma necessitating intubation and ventilatory support. A
      series of cases requiring laryngotracheal reconstruction following severe burns
      to the head and neck region is reported. Methods of treatment are discussed as
      well as modifications of standard burn therapy to decrease the incidence of
      severe scarring.

PMID- 3398658
TI  - Surgical treatment of vertigo with retrolabyrinthine vestibular neurectomy.
AB  - Results for control of vertigo and preservation of hearing in patients who have
      had a retrolabyrinthine vestibular neurectomy (RVN) by our group were analyzed
      retrospectively. This procedure consists of selective section of the vestibular
      nerve in the posterior cranial fossa. Vertigo was completely controlled in all
      but two of 31 patients, one of whom required revision surgery to control attacks.
      Analysis of these two cases suggests that the cause of persistent vertigo is
      incomplete neurectomy. With our current surgical technique in patients with
      Meniere's disease, hearing results were not statistically different from our
      results with surgery of the endolymphatic sac. Control of vertigo was much more
      successful with the RVN than endolymphatic sac surgery.

PMID- 3398657
TI  - Superselective embolization of laryngeal hemangioma.
AB  - Diffuse upper respiratory hemangiomas are extremely rare lesions. Unlike the much
      more common congenital subglottic hemangiomas, diffuse upper respiratory
      hemangiomas do not resolve spontaneously and may prove quite recalcitrant to
      conventional forms of therapy. Superselective embolization, a highly successful
      technique for the management of head and neck vascular lesions, was used to
      effectively control an obstinate laryngotracheal hemangioma. Superselective
      embolization appears to provide yet another viable therapeutic option in the
      management of laryngeal hemangiomas.

PMID- 3398659
TI  - Delayed endolymphatic hydrops: a review of 15 cases.
AB  - Delayed endolymphatic hydrops is a disease entity that can be differentiated from
      Meniere's disease. This condition was first reported simultaneously by Nadol, et
      al. and Wolfson and Leiberman, with further clarification by Schuknecht. The
      disease is characterized by a profound sensorineural hearing loss in one ear,
      with the onset of episodic vertigo from that ear after a prolonged period of time
      (ipsilateral delayed endolymphatic hydrops) or the development of fluctuating
      hearing loss and/or episodic vertigo in the opposite ear after a prolonged period
      of time (contralateral delayed endolymphatic hydrops). This paper is a review of
      15 cases of delayed endolymphatic hydrops, eight ipsilateral and seven
      contralateral. The results of this study indicate that surgical treatment for the
      ipsilateral form of the disease gave the best results. For the contralateral
      variant, it appears that medical measures should be the therapy of choice
      resorting, in the event of their failure, to conservative surgical intervention
      on what may be the only hearing ear to preserve hearing and control vertigo.

PMID- 3398660
TI  - Vocal cord mobilization by posterior laryngoplasty.
AB  - Laryngeal obstruction due to fixation of the vocal cords by scar tissue in the
      posterior commissure is a serious complication of endotracheal intubation. Until
      recently, operative procedures, including unilateral arytenoidectomy, were
      recommended for the relief of such obstruction. Because arytenoidectomy adversely
      affects voice quality, alternative procedures designed to open the airway by
      restoring vocal cord mobility have been attempted with some success. We report
      our experience with six consecutive patients, five of whom had previously
      required tracheotomy for relief of airway obstruction from posterior glottic
      stenosis. In all patients, the operative procedure included a midline thyrotomy,
      excision of the posterior commissure scar tissue, and stenting. Vocal cord motion
      returned to normal or near normal in all six patients, and all have been
      decannulated. Subjective evaluation of voice quality was the same or improved
      postoperatively. Our experience suggests that restoration of an adequate airway
      in patients with posterior glottic stenosis can be achieved without sacrificing
      an arytenoid cartilage and voice quality.

PMID- 3398661
TI  - Use of stents in laryngotracheal reconstruction in children: indications,
      technical considerations, and complications.
AB  - The keys to successful outcome in surgical repair of laryngotracheal stenosis in
      children are choice of surgical procedure, including possible need for stenting;
      choice of type and length of stent; and duration of stenting. Choosing the
      appropriate method for stenting requires considering consistency of stenosis,
      altered anatomy, size, location, and stability of grafts when used for surgical
      repair and host tissue healing factors. Possible stents that can be used include
      endotracheal tubes, Silastic sheet rolls, Montgomery T-tubes, and laryngeal
      stents. This study investigates the effectiveness of the Aboulker stent, an
      increasingly popular stent for use in children. Indications and associated
      technical considerations for using the stent in 18 cases are reviewed.
      Postoperative care and follow-up, directed against infection and towards securing
      the stent in its original location, and management of complications are
      discussed.

PMID- 3398662
TI  - Mycobacterial cervical lymphadenitis: a persistent diagnostic problem.
AB  - The most common manifestation of mycobacterial infection encountered in
      otolaryngologic practice is cervical lymphadenitis. Mycobacterial cervical
      lymphadenitis, or scrofula, remains a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge
      because it mimics other pathologic processes, and because of the inconsistent
      reliability of physical and laboratory findings. Twenty-five cases of scrofula
      were treated at our institution from 1973 to 1986. Positive chest x-ray was
      exhibited by five (20%) patients. Histologic examination of the excisional biopsy
      was the most reliable test with 100% positive specimens. This study emphasizes
      the marked variability in clinical presentation of scrofula and the importance of
      surgical excisional biopsy for histologic diagnosis.

PMID- 3398663
TI  - Ototoxicity of high-dose cisplatin by bolus administration in patients with
      advanced cancers and normal hearing.
AB  - Our institution undertook a phase I trial to define the toxicity of high-dose
      (150 to 225 mg) bolus administration (every 3 to 4 weeks) of cisplatin in
      patients with advanced cancers. All patients reported had baseline normal
      hearing. Hearing levels were measured prior to each course of chemotherapy.
      Audiological monitoring included conventional assessment of pure tone sensitivity
      at 500 to 8,000 Hz and assessment of ultra high frequencies (9,000 to 20,000 Hz).
      After one to two doses, 100% of patients failed to respond at 9,000 Hz and above.
      In the 2,000 to 8,000 Hz range, repeated administration of the drug effected
      successively lower frequencies with progressive loss, until a maximum threshold
      shift or plateau was reached at each frequency between 3,000 and 8,000 Hz. The
      plateau for cisplatin ototoxicity appears to fall within the moderate hearing
      loss range (40 to 60 dB HL) in the high frequencies. All patients complained of
      tinnitus and difficulty understanding speech in the presence of background noise.
      The pattern of pure tone audiometric alteration is consistent in all patients,
      all dosages, and each method of administration. The ultra high frequency
      alteration is prompt and dramatic.

PMID- 3398664
TI  - Cisplatin ototoxicity in guinea pigs with special reference to toxic effects in
      the stria vascularis.
AB  - The toxic effects of cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum [II]) on the organ
      of Corti are well established. Few and conflicting data on this drug's effects on
      the stria vascularis exist. The present study presents animal experiments on the
      toxic effects of cisplatin in the stria vascularis and in the organ of Corti.
      Cisplatin-induced toxicity in albino and pigmented guinea pigs was evaluated
      morphologically and functionally, using light and transmission electron
      microscopy as well as auditory brainstem-evoked potentials on the organ of Corti
      and the stria vascularis. The results showed variability in hearing thresholds,
      ranging from no change to hearing loss of 30 dB, and prominent damage in the
      organ of Corti and in the stria vascularis. The toxic effects to both the organ
      of Corti and the stria vascularis should be considered when cisplatin is used in
      chemotherapy.

PMID- 3398666
TI  - Presentation and management of neck abscess: a retrospective analysis.
AB  - A retrospective analysis of deep neck abscesses managed at the Los Angeles County
      USC Medical Center was performed. Fifty-one patients met the criteria and were
      reviewed as to presentation, etiology, location, and microbiology. Hemolytic
      streptococci and anaerobic species, especially Bacteroides and peptostreptococci,
      were the most common organisms isolated. Intravenous drug abuse was the most
      common etiology, and was an important source of primary carotid space infection.
      This group was most commonly infected with Streptococcus species (50%).

PMID- 3398665
TI  - Olfactory esthesioneuroma: a report of 40 cases.
AB  - Olfactory esthesioneuroma is a rare malignant tumor arising in the olfactory
      epithelium. Forty cases observed at the Institut Gustave-Roussy from 1956 to 1987
      are reported. This tumor usually grows slowly and is usually local, but it is
      important to be aware of the possibility of lymph node involvement (17%) and,
      particularly, of rapid development of distant metastases (25%), usually within 6
      months. CT scan, and more recently, NMR have proved to be of value in choosing
      the surgical approach. In view of the usual point of departure, a combined
      neurosurgical and transfacial approach seems to be a satisfactory approach for
      obtaining oncological control of the lesion. The role of chemotherapy is
      discussed. The main prognostic factors seem to be the size of the lesion, the
      intracranial extension, and the lymph node involvement.

PMID- 3398667
TI  - Speech segment duration measurements in adult speakers with repaired cleft palate
      and hypernasality.
AB  - Consonant closure duration, vowel duration preceding word-final stop consonants,
      and total VCVC utterance duration were measured in order to investigate if normal
      durations in these variables were exhibited in subjects with cleft palate and
      hypernasality. The data revealed no significant differences among three adult
      subject groups (noncleft, repaired cleft with mild hypernasality, and repaired
      cleft with severe hypernasality) on any of the duration measurements
      investigated, suggesting that speech timing for these features were not
      significantly altered by the presence of the nasal air leak. Speakers in the two
      hypernasal groups, however, showed smaller differences between vowel durations in
      voiced and voiceless stop environments than did speakers without cleft palate.
      There were significant differences among groups in durational cues between vowel
      types and between voicing features of stop consonants, both of which were in
      agreement with previous research.

PMID- 3398668
TI  - A statistical study of ENoG test error.
AB  - Electroneurography (ENoG) is currently the most sophisticated and objective test
      available for assessing nerve degeneration in patients suffering from facial
      nerve paralysis. However, the test requires considerable experience before error
      due to intertest variability can be brought within reasonable limits. In a
      statistical study on normal participants, the error associated with two
      conventional recording techniques--optimized lead placement (OLP) and
      standardized lead placement (SLP)--was determined to be 17.8% and 20.7%,
      respectively. A significant increase in error was observed with the OLP approach
      (22.9%) if responses could not be monitored oscilloscopically, a common situation
      in patients with severe degeneration. In a final study, however, a previously
      unreported factor was found to significantly reduce test error: recording
      electrode size. In particular, unconventionally small recording electrodes (3 to
      7 mm) produced as much as 4% less error when administering the technique.

PMID- 3398669
TI  - The newly devised tonsillar cryptscope for clinical use.

PMID- 3398670
TI  - Columellar flap for transseptal transsphenoidal hypophysectomy.

PMID- 3398672
TI  - Implantable bone conduction hearing device: surgical observations and
      modifications.

PMID- 3398671
TI  - Fine needle aspiration cytology: a team approach using the butterfly needle.

PMID- 3398674
TI  - Superdelayed parturition in armadillos: a new mammalian survival strategy.

PMID- 3398675
TI  - Further observations on the breeding and rearing of BALB/C nude (nu-nu) mice
      under normal laboratory conditions.

PMID- 3398673
TI  - Laryngeal injury from prolonged endotracheal intubation.
AB  - This project was undertaken to develop models of acute and chronic laryngeal
      intubation as a format for testing a newly designed endotracheal tube. The tube
      has a specially created laryngeal cuff designed to reduce pressure exerted
      against the laryngeal soft tissues. The laryngeal foam cuff was shown to prevent
      the injurious sequence of mucosal ischemia, ulceration, and cartilage damage. A
      laryngeal foam cuff has the potential to significantly reduce laryngeal injury
      from prolonged endotracheal intubation. A prospective randomized clinical trial
      has been initiated and will be reported subsequently.

PMID- 3398676
TI  - Inhibition of mononuclear leukocyte transformation in vitro by dehydrophenazines
      in comparison to clofazimine.

PMID- 3398677
TI  - Evaluation of inexpensive blocking agents for ELISA in the detection of antibody
      in leprosy.

PMID- 3398678
TI  - Care of plantar ulcerations: comparing applications, materials and non-casting.

PMID- 3398679
TI  - Cataract extraction in leprosy patients.

PMID- 3398681
TI  - Blister calendar packs for the treatment of patients in leprosy control
      programmes with multiple drug therapy (MDT)

PMID- 3398680
TI  - A borderline leprosy lesion on the palate: a case report.

PMID- 3398683
TI  - ECHO for leprosy.

PMID- 3398684
TI  - A possible mode of entry to the body of Mycobacterium leprae.

PMID- 3398682
TI  - Spillage of mycobacteria in the laboratory: decontaminating procedures.

PMID- 3398686
TI  - [Health for all by the year 2000].

PMID- 3398685
TI  - [Malignant hyperthermia during anesthesia].

PMID- 3398687
TI  - [Consultation-liaison psychiatry].

PMID- 3398689
TI  - [Eperythrozoonosis--a new disease in human pathology].

PMID- 3398688
TI  - [Changes in thrombocyte volume in thrombocyte concentrates prepared from blood
      preserved with ACD or CPD as anticoagulants].

PMID- 3398690
TI  - [A rare localization of Crohn's disease in the stomach].

PMID- 3398692
TI  - [Acute paranoid psychosis as a result of dexamethasone withdrawal].

PMID- 3398691
TI  - [Difficulties in the diagnosis of secondary renal tumors].

PMID- 3398693
TI  - [Growth of bone marrow cells in vitro].

PMID- 3398694
TI  - Silymarin improves metabolism and disposition of aspirin in cirrhotic rats.
AB  - The profile of urinary salicylate metabolites was determined after an i.p.
      administration of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) to CCl4-cirrhotic rats to rats which
      in addition to CCl4 received an oral dose of silymarin throughout the CCl4
      treatment to produce cirrhosis and to control groups. ASA esterase activity was
      determined in serum and livers. The time course of plasma concentration of
      salicylates in similar groups was followed after the i.p. injection of ASA. The
      cirrhotic animals showed a lack of urinary glucuronides and an increase in
      urinary gentisic and salicylic acids. The activities of plasma and serum ASA
      esterase were significantly increased in cirrhosis and the plasma half-life of
      ASA was reduced. The simultaneous administration of silymarin (50 mg/kg of b.w.)
      along with CCl4, completely prevented all the alterations. The mechanism by which
      silymarin prevented those alterations is not completely known but our results
      establish the potential use of silymarin in cirrhotic patients to prevent
      disorders in drug metabolism and disposition frequently found in patients with
      liver diseases.

PMID- 3398695
TI  - The role of leukotoxin (9,10-epoxy-12-octadecenoate) in the genesis of
      coagulation abnormalities.
AB  - This study was designed to clarify whether or not leukotoxin (9, 10-epoxy-12
      octadecenoate), which is biosynthesized by neutrophils, might be involved in the
      genesis of coagulating abnormalities. Twelve dogs were divided into 2 groups. In
      the test group (n = 6), 100 mumol/kg of leukotoxin was injected intravenously,
      and in the control group (n = 6), 100 mumol/kg of linoleate was injected. In each
      group, a series of blood samples were collected and used for coagulation studies.
      After the end of the experimental period, a histological study was performed on
      organs removed from the dogs. In the leukotoxin group, fibrin and fibrinogen
      degradation products (FDP) was increased time-dependently. Fibrinogen was
      decreased, and prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time were
      prolonged in parallel with the increase in FDP. A decrease in number of platelets
      was also observed. Intravascular coagulation was observed in sections of lung.
      These data were compatible with a diagnosis of disseminated intravascular
      coagulation (DIC). No significant changes in these parameters were observed in
      the linoleate group. Leukotoxin has been confirmed to show antifungal and
      antibacterial activity, and its production might be a defensive response to
      infection. Over-production of leukotoxin associated with severe infection might
      therefore account for infection-induced DIC.

PMID- 3398696
TI  - A1 and A2 adenosine receptor regulation of erythropoietin production.
AB  - The effects of adenosine (ADE) and ADE agonists on erythropoietin (Ep) production
      were determined using percent (%) 59Fe incorporation in red cells of exhypoxic
      polycythemic mice. The hemisulfate salt of ADE produced a significant increase in
      % 59Fe incorporation in response to hypoxia in concentrations of 400 to 1600
      nmol/kg/day (i.v.). 5'-N-ethyl-carboxamideadenosine (NECA), a selective A2
      receptor agonist, increased radioiron incorporation in a dose-dependent manner
      (10-100 nmol/kg/day, i.v.). In contrast, N6-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA), a
      selective A1 receptor agonist, did not affect radioiron incorporation in
      concentrations up to 1600 nmol/kg/day (i.v.). Albuterol, a beta 2-adrenergic
      agonist, enhanced % 59Fe incorporation in polycythemic mice and low doses of CHA
      (50 and 100 nmol/kg/day), which were not effective alone on % 59Fe incorporation
      in polycythemic mice exposed to hypoxia, inhibited the enhancement in radioiron
      induced by albuterol (25 and 100 micrograms/kg/day, i.p.) plus hypoxia.
      Theophylline (20 and 80 mg/kg/day, i.p.), a well-known antagonist of ADE
      receptors, blocked the ADE and NECA enhancement in radioiron incorporation at a
      dose of theophylline alone which produced only a slight enhancement of % 59Fe
      incorporation. These results suggest that ADE may both inhibit through A1
      receptor activation and increase via A2 receptor stimulation the production of
      Ep.

PMID- 3398697
TI  - Effects of acute hyperprolactinemia on LH pulsatile secretion in hypogonadal and
      early follicular phase women.
AB  - To investigate the effects of acute hyperprolactinemia on the 24 h LH pulsatile
      pattern, 11 women in the early follicular phase (EF, days 3 and 4) and 8
      postmenopausal women (PMW) were studied before and during administration of
      metoclopramide, a dopamine receptor antagonist. Sequential 24 h infusions of
      either metoclopramide (MCP, 30 micrograms/kg/h) or normal saline were conducted
      and pulsatile LH activity assessed for 48 hrs. In both EF women and PMW, a prompt
      (within 90 min, p less than 0.001) and sustained (greater than 45 micrograms/L, p
      less than 0.001) release of PRL was induced by MCP infusions. MCP-induced
      hyperprolactinemia failed to modify the LH pulsatile activity in both EF women
      and PMW. These observations suggest that acute hyperprolactinemia due to
      dopaminergic blockade has no discernible effect on LH pulsatility and that the
      reduced LH pulse frequency observed in association with endogenous
      hyperprolactinemia may result from different neuroendocrine mechanism(s) and/or
      is time dependent.

PMID- 3398698
TI  - Presynaptic inhibition of excitatory input from the substantia nigra to caudate
      nucleus neurons by a substituted quinolinone derivative, 7-[3-(4-(2,3
      dimethylphenyl)piperazinyl)propoxy]-2(1H)-quinolinone (OPC-4392).
AB  - The effects of a newly synthesized quinolinone derivative, 7-[3-(4-(2,3
      dimethylphenyl)piperazinyl) propoxy]-2(1H)-quinolinone (OPC-4392) on neuronal
      activities of the caudate nucleus (CN) were investigated in cats anesthetized
      with alpha-chloralose using a microiontophoretic method. In the CN neurons of
      which spikes elicited by stimulation of the pars compacta of substantia nigra
      (SN) were suppressed by iontophoretically applied domperidone, a dopamine D-2
      receptor antagonist, application of OPC-4392 (100-200 nA) inhibited the spike
      generation induced by SN stimulation. Conversely, the CN neurons insensitive to
      domperidone were unaffected by OPC-4392. Iontophoretic application of CPC-4392 up
      to 200 nA did not affect glutamate-induced firing of the CN neurons, of which the
      firing was blocked by dopamine less than 100 nA. In addition, OPC-4392 did not
      inhibit firing induced by bromocriptine, a dopamine D-2 agonist; while
      domperidone suppressed the bromocriptine-induced firing without affecting the
      glutamate-induced firing. These results suggest that OPC-4392 acts on the
      dopaminergic nerve terminals and inhibits excitatory transmission from the SN to
      the CN.

PMID- 3398700
TI  - Systemic acetyl-L-carnitine elevates nigral levels of glutathione and GABA.
AB  - Amino acid and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in substantia nigra (SN) as well
      as striatal monoamine levels were measured in acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCar) treated
      and control Swiss-Webster mice. ALCar, L carnitine, or saline were administered
      i.p. to mice for 5 days and mice were decapitated 24 hours following the last
      injection. Substantia nigra and striata were isolated within 2.5 and 3 min.,
      respectively, and frozen immediately on dry ice. A significant dose-dependent
      increase of nigral GABA was observed following ALCar treatment; GABA levels were
      also increased by administration of carnitine. Nigral GSH levels were also
      increased. Striatal levels of dopamine and metabolites were not significantly
      affected by ALCar or carnitine. These results, suggest that ALCar may be useful
      in treating symptoms of neuronal dysfunction related to accumulation of metabolic
      waste.

PMID- 3398699
TI  - Effect of acute and chronic hypernatremia on myoinositol and sorbitol
      concentration in rat brain and kidney.
AB  - In animal models of hypernatremia, increases in brain electrolyte content account
      for the entire increase in osmolality in acute but not chronic hypernatremia,
      suggesting that there is generation of additional intracellular solutes
      ("idiogenic osmoles") in chronic hypernatremic states. In the present study, the
      concentration of the polyols myoinositol and sorbitol and water content were
      determined in the brain and kidneys of rats made acutely (2 hours) and
      chronically (72 hours) hypernatremic by intraperitoneal injection of NaCl and
      water restriction. Both the brain and the kidney responded to chronic
      hypernatremia with increased levels of myoinositol. Sorbitol levels increased in
      the kidney in response to both acute and chronic hypernatremia. Water content
      dropped in acute hypernatremia, but remained unchanged during chronic
      hyperosmolar challenge. We conclude that the polyols, myoinositol and sorbitol,
      may play a significant role in cellular osmoregulation in brain and kidney during
      chronic hypernatremia in the rat.

PMID- 3398701
TI  - Formation of 2-guanidinoethanol by a transamidination reaction from arginine and
      ethanolamine by the rat kidney and pancreas.
AB  - The formation of 2-guanidinoethanol (GEt) from L-arginine (Arg) and ethanolamine
      (EA) was studied using rat kidney homogenates. Maximum GEt formation was observed
      between pH 8.7 and 9.1, and the enzyme catalyzing the GEt synthesis was stable
      between pH 5.6 and 9.1. The rate of GEt formation from Arg and EA by rat kidney
      homogenates obeyed simple Michaelis-Menten type kinetics. L-Ornithine and glycine
      inhibited GEt formation by rat kidneys. Both of them inhibited GEt formation in a
      linear mixed-type inhibitory manner when Arg concentrations were varied at a
      fixed concentration of EA, while they showed competitive inhibition when EA
      concentrations were varied at a fixed concentration of Arg. L-Canavanine and
      guanidinoacetic acid as well as Arg acted as an amidine donor for GEt formation,
      but L-homoarginine, 3-guanidinopropionic acid and 4-guanidinobutyric acid did
      not. GEt synthesis was also observed in the rat pancreas. It had almost half of
      the activity of rat kidney to form GEt. This ratio of kidney to pancreas was
      approximately equal to that of L-arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
      (transamidinase, EC 2.1.4.1) in kidney and pancreas. These results suggest that
      GEt may be synthesized from Arg and EA by a transamidinase catalyzing reaction.

PMID- 3398702
TI  - Effect of osmolarity on potassium transport in isolated cerebral microvessels.
AB  - Potassium transport in microvessels isolated from rat brain by a technique
      involving density gradient centrifugation was studied in HEPES buffer solutions
      of varying osmolarity from 200 to 420 mosmols, containing different concentration
      of sodium chloride, choline chloride, or sodium nitrate. The flux of 86Rb (as a
      tracer for K) into and out of the endothelial cells was estimated. Potassium
      influx was very sensitive to the osmolarity of the medium. Ouabain-insensitive K
      component was reduced in hypotonic medium and was increased in medium made
      hypertonic with sodium chloride or mannitol. Choline chloride replacement caused
      a large reduction in K influx. Potassium influx was significant decrease when
      nitrate is substituted for chloride ion in isotonic and hypertonic media, whereas
      a slight decrease was found in hypotonic medium. The decrease of K influx in the
      ion-replacement medium is due to a decrement of the ouabain-insensitive
      component. Potassium efflux was unchanged in hypotonic medium but was somewhat
      reduced in hypertonic medium. The marked effect of medium osmolarity on K fluxes
      suggests that these fluxes may be responsible for the volume regulatory K
      movements. The possible mechanism of changes of K flux under anisotonic media is
      also discussed.

PMID- 3398703
TI  - Melittin-evoked increase in plasma corticosterone levels.
AB  - The present study was undertaken to systematically evaluate the effect of
      melittin on nonstress pituitary-adrenal function of the adult female rat. In the
      first study rats were given melittin (0.5 mg.kg-1) or saline (0.5 ml)
      intraperitoneally at 0800 hr. Blood for determining plasma corticosterone levels
      was collected by decapitation at 4, 8, 24 or 48 hrs post-injection.
      Corticosterone levels of rapidly decapitated rats provided basal corticosterone
      levels. In general, plasma corticosterone levels of melittin-treated animals were
      higher than those of saline-injected rats at 4, 24, and 48 hrs but significant
      differences (p less than 0.05) occurred only at 4 and 48 hrs. A second study
      showed the melittin-evoked corticosterone response to be present at 3 days but by
      6 days the response was absent. However, the duration of the increase in plasma
      corticosterone levels was extended to 8 days by using a double injection protocol
      (0.5mg.kg-1 melittin on day 1 and day 4). In all studies melittin-evoked
      increases in corticosterone levels were observed only in the AM and the melittin
      induced increases in plasma corticosterone levels were suppressed with
      dexamethasone (DECADRON, 100 micrograms.kg-1, s.c.). These data indicate that a
      0.5mg.kg-1 dose of melittin evokes a significant increase in adrenocortical
      activity and the evoked response is feedback sensitive.

PMID- 3398704
TI  - In vivo relationship between monoamine oxidase type B and alcohol dehydrogenase:
      effects of ethanol and phenylethylamine.
AB  - The role of acute ethanol (2.5 g/kg i.p.) and phenylethylamine (100 mg/kg i.p.)
      on the brain and platelet monoamine oxidase activities, hepatic cytosolic alcohol
      dehydrogenase, redox state and motor behaviour were studied in male rats. Ethanol
      on its own decreased the redox couple ratio, as well as, alcohol dehydrogenase
      activity in the liver whilst at the same time it increased brain and platelet
      monoamine oxidase activity due to lower Km with no change in Vmax. The elevation
      in both brain and platelet MAO activity was associated with ethanol-induced
      hypomotility in the rats. Co-administration of phenylethylamine and ethanol to
      the animals, caused antagonism of the ethanol-induced effects described above.
      The effects of phenylethylamine alone, on the above mentioned biochemical and
      behavioural indices, are more complex. Phenylethylamine on its own, like ethanol,
      caused reduction of the cytosolic redox ratio and elevation of monoamine oxidase
      activity in the brain and platelets. However, in contrast to ethanol, this
      monoamine produced hypermotility and activation of the hepatic cytosolic alcohol
      dehydrogenase activity in the animals. The results suggest that some of the toxic
      actions of ethanol in rats may be mediated through the activation of monoamine
      oxidase type B, with the consequent depletion of the endogenous levels of
      phenylethylamine. The data appear to support the concept of phenylethylamine
      involvement in affective disorders.

PMID- 3398705
TI  - Presence of tetrahydroisoquinoline and 1-methyl-tetrahydro-isoquinoline in foods:
      compounds related to Parkinson's disease.
AB  - This is the first report confirming the presence of 1,2,3,4
      tetrahydroisoquinoline (TIQ) and 1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline(1MeTIQ)
      in a number of foods with a high 2-phenylethylamine content. These compounds were
      determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. This study also confirmed
      that 1MeTIQ and TIQ can cross the blood-brain barrier in rat. Thus, these
      compounds, suspected to have relation to parkinson's disease, may accumulate in
      the brain from food sources.

PMID- 3398706
TI  - A specific antagonist of vasopressin produced plasma hyperosmolality and reduced
      ischemic-induced cerebral edema in rats.
AB  - Water diuresis was produced in rats after s.c. injections of d(CH2)5,D-Ile2,Ile4
      AVP (compound 1) and d(CH2)5,Tyr(OEt)2Val4-AVP (compound 2). Compound 1 is known
      to be a more potent antagonist against the antidiuretic effect, while Compound 2
      is a more potent antagonist against the vasopressor effect of vasopressin.
      Compound 1 (but not compound 2) also increased plasma osmolality significantly at
      the diuretic doses. In rats rendered ischemic of the forebrain by 4-hour
      occlusion of both common carotid arteries, the resulting increases in brain water
      were significantly reversed by the injection of compound 1. Compound 2 did not
      reduce the edema. The results suggests a novel approach to the treatment of
      cerebral edema.

PMID- 3398707
TI  - Decreased angiotensin II binding affinity and binding capacity in the anterior
      pituitary gland of adult spontaneously hypertensive rats.
AB  - Angiotensin II (ANG) binding sites were quantified in single pituitary glands
      from 4-week-old and 14-week-old male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and
      age-matched male normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) control rats after incubation
      with 125I-[Sar1]-ANG, autoradiography with computerized densitometry, and
      comparison to 125I-standards. The maximum binding capacity (Bmax) decreased while
      the dissociation constant (Kd) for ANG increased in 14-week-old SHR when compared
      to age-matched WKY control rats (Bmax: 265 +/- 9 and 224 +/- 4 fmol/mg protein;
      Kd: 0.79 +/- 0.04 and 1.14 +/- 0.08 10(-9) M in WKY and SHR, respectively).
      Conversely, no difference between rat strains was found in 4-week-old animals.
      Our results suggest that pituitary ANG binding sites may play a role in the
      pathophysiology of established genetic hypertension.

PMID- 3398708
TI  - Attenuation by naloxone of the pressor effects of angiotensin II in conscious
      cynomolgus monkeys.
AB  - The effects of naloxone and morphine on mean arterial blood pressure (MBP) and
      heart rate (HR) responses to angiotensin II (AII) were studied in conscious
      cynomolgus monkeys. Graded doses of AII (0.3, 1 and 3 micrograms/min for 8-10
      min) were infused i.v. 20 min apart, preceded by an i.v. injection of either
      naloxone (1, 3 or 10 mg/kg), morphine (0.3, 1 or 3 mg/kg) or saline. Pretreatment
      with naloxone (10 mg/kg) attenuated the pressor response to AII (0.3 or 1
      microgram/min) by 25-50% but did not alter similar pressor responses to
      phenylephrine. Pretreatment with morphine had little or no effect on MBP or HR
      responses to AII.

PMID- 3398709
TI  - Tolerance to oxotremorine's effects on schedule-controlled behavior in
      physostigmine-tolerant rats.
AB  - Tolerance to the effects of physostigmine and oxotremorine in rats was evaluated
      using a multiple fixed-ratio 10, extinction schedule of food presentation.
      Physostigmine was administered either once daily or three times daily for 18
      consecutive days. Tolerance to physostigmine's response decreasing effects was
      observed under both administration regimens. Cumulative dose-effect functions for
      oxotremorine (0.0056-0.562 mg/kg) were determined before and after chronic
      physostigmine administration. Oxotremorine's potency to produce response rate
      suppression decreased in rats receiving physostigmine three times daily but did
      not substantially change in rats receiving single daily injections. These results
      demonstrate that the dose or duration of action of physostigmine can determine
      whether tolerance to physostigmine's effects is accompanied by cross-tolerance to
      oxotremorine's effects.

PMID- 3398710
TI  - Transport of tyrosine and phenylalanine across the rat nasal mucosa.
AB  - Transport of tyrosine (Tyr) and phenylalanine (Phe) across the rat nasal mucosa
      was studied using an in situ perfusion technique. It was found that both amino
      acids were absorbed by active, saturable transport processes. The Km and Vmax
      values were calculated to be 0.68 mM and 0.44 mM/hr for L-Tyr, and 0.40 mM and
      0.39 mM/hr for L-Phe, respectively. The values for L-Tyr agreed well with the
      results previously reported. When D-Tyr and D-Phe were used as substrates, the
      extent of nasal absorption was significantly reduced indicating the specific
      affinity of the carrier for the L-amino acids. When mixtures of L-Tyr and L-Phe
      were used as perfusates, both amino acids were found to be concomitantly absorbed
      in a competitive manner. This implied that at least one common carrier system was
      present in the nasal mucosa. In addition the transport appears to be Na+
      dependent and may require metabolic energy as a driving force as seen from the
      inhibition of the L-Phe uptake by ouabain and 2,4-dinitrophenol.

PMID- 3398711
TI  - Determinations of catechols in small volumes of plasma using ion-pair reversed
      phase liquid chromatography/electrochemistry.
AB  - A method with improved sensitivity for detection of catechols (CA) in small
      volumes of plasma using an ion-pair reversed phase HPLC system with
      electromechemical detection is presented. Fast isocratic separations were
      obtained by using 7.5 cm x 4.6 mm (i.d.) reversed phase columns with 3C18 3
      micron silica particles. The CA:s L-DOPA, Noradrenaline (NA), Adrenaline (A),
      Dihydroxybenzylamine (DHBA, i.s.), DOPAC and Dopamine (DA) were separated in less
      than 4 min. The performance of three different electrochemical cells was compared
      with respect to hydrodynamic voltammogram, band broadening effect, linearity and
      detection limit. The sample preparation procedure using alumina extraction of
      CA:s, was modified to improve recoveries and decrease dilution factors. A
      modified carbon paste cell (CP-O) gave a response 4-8 times higher than what is
      previously reported for GC cells. Detection limits were: L-DOPA 80, NA 1.25, A
      1.25, DHBA 0.4, DOPAC 1.25 and DA 0.6 pg/injection. Application to plasma from
      rat and fish (cod) under rest, exercise and stress is reported. The method allows
      determination of CA:s in small volumes of plasma (less than 500 microliter)
      obtained several times a day from the same animal even if it is small (less than
      1/2 kg), is under rest and parts of the plasma sample are to be used for analysis
      of other parameters than CA:s.

PMID- 3398712
TI  - 125I-luteinizing hormone (LH) binding to soluble receptors from the primate
      (Macaca mulatta) corpus luteum: effects of ethanol exposure.
AB  - In vitro exposure to alcohols unmasks additional binding sites for gonadotropin
      in cell/membrane preparations of the corpus luteum of rhesus monkeys. In the
      current study, we compared the effects of ethanol on gonadotropin receptors
      solubilized from macaque luteal membranes to those on receptors associated with
      the lipid bilayer. Treatment with 1% Triton X-100 for 30 min at 4C, followed by
      precipitation with polyethylene glycol, resulted in recovery of 50% more binding
      sites for 125I-human luteinizing hormone (hLH) than were available in particulate
      preparations (p less than 0.05). However, the soluble receptors displayed a 3
      fold lower affinity for 125I-hLH (p less than 0.05). Conditions which enhanced LH
      binding to particulates, i.e., 1-8% ethanol at 25C, decreased specific 125I-hLH
      binding to soluble receptors. Steady-state LH binding to soluble receptors during
      incubation at 4C was half of that observed at 25C. The presence of 8% ethanol at
      4C restored LH binding to levels observed in the absence of ethanol at 25C. Thus,
      LH binding sites in the primate corpus luteum can be effectively solubilized with
      Triton X-100. The different binding characteristics of particulate and soluble
      receptors, including the response to ethanol exposure, suggest that the lipid
      environment in the luteal membrane modulates the availability and affinity of
      gonadotropin receptors.

PMID- 3398714
TI  - Effects of relative humidity on lipid autoxidation in a model system.
AB  - A new model system was developed for the study of autoxidation of thin films of
      neat lipid and the effect of relative humidity on the oxidation reaction. In the
      model system, the surface-to-volume ratio of lipid was large and measureable, and
      the relative humidity (RH) and oxygen partial pressure were controlled. Methyl
      linoleate, oxidized at six different RH as a thin film in an atmosphere of pure
      oxygen, exhibited a maximum rate of oxidation at 32% RH and minimum rates at 0%
      and 100% RH. The rates of oxygen uptake, determined manometrically, were linear
      and reproducible at all six RH. The maximum rate at 32% RH was attributed to
      solvation and stabilization of the propagation transition state by water.
      Increasing the RH beyond 32% resulted in solvation of the peroxy radical,
      sterically hindering the radical from entering the propagation transition state.

PMID- 3398715
TI  - Uptake of fatty acids by the developing rat brain.
AB  - Polyunsaturated fatty acids are avidly taken up by the developing rat brain. To
      explore the specificity of this process, [1-14C]labeled 16:0, 18:2n-6, 18:3n-3,
      and 22:6n-3 each were co-injected with [3H]18:1n-9 into the jugular vein of two
      wk-old functionally hepatectomized and sham-operated control rats. The
      radioactivities present in the brain, liver and serum were assessed 30 min after
      injection. Uptake of labeled fatty acids into brain lipids steadily increased
      with increasing degree of unsaturation, with more than twice as much uptake of
      22:6n-3 compared to 16:0. Phosphatidylcholine was the principal radioactive
      species in the brain except for animals injected with [1-14C]22:6n-3, in which
      more of the label was incorporated into phosphatidylethanolamine. Determination
      of water-soluble oxidation products in the brain and serum revealed that the
      greater uptake of the more unsatrated fatty acids did not result from differences
      in rates of degradation.

PMID- 3398713
TI  - High density lipoproteins from bovine plasma and follicular fluid do not possess
      a high affinity for glycosaminoglycans.
AB  - Possible interactions between glycosaminoglycans and high density lipoproteins
      (HDL) in plasma and follicular fluid were examined. Total lipoproteins (d less
      than 1.21 g/ml) were obtained from plasma of five Holstein cows by
      ultracentrifugation and fractionated by gel filtration. Every other fraction from
      the HDL peak or fractions corresponding to the base and ascending portion of the
      HDL peak were composited and applied to a heparin-Sepharose affinity
      chromatography column. Elution profiles from both composites showed a peak that
      did not bind to the column that contained HDL devoid of apolipoprotein-E as
      determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS
      PAGE) and silver staining and immunoblot analysis. Elution of lipoproteins from
      the ascending portion of the HDL peak resulted in a second minor peak eluting at
      0.35 M NaCl, which was low density lipoprotein (LDL) contamination. Lipoproteins
      (d less than 1.21 g/ml) isolated from follicular fluid obtained from small,
      medium or large follicles also were subjected to heparin-Sepharose affinity
      chromatography. Two peaks were observed, one corresponding to the lipoprotein
      that did not bind to the column, the other eluted at 0.5 M NaCl and accounted for
      less than 2% of the protein applied. The second peak did not contain
      apolipoprotein-E or LDL. Bovine follicular fluid glycosaminoglycans (GAG) were
      isolated and subjected to HDL-Sepharose affinity chromatography. Less than 2% of
      the total GAG bound to the HDL column. Therefore, HDL in bovine specimens did not
      interact appreciably with heparin or GAG isolated from follicular fluid.

PMID- 3398716
TI  - Mevalonate 5-pyrophosphate decarboxylase in isolated villus and crypt cells of
      chick intestine.
AB  - Mevalonate 5-pyrophosphate decarboxylase was studied in isolated enterocytes
      obtained from duodenal, jejunal and ileal villi and crypts. In our assay
      conditions, decarboxylase activity was linear for 60 min and up to 0.3 mg of
      protein. The subcellular location of decarboxylase in chick enterocytes was
      investigated. About 94% of the total activity was recovered in the cytosol. The
      distribution of enzyme activity in epithelial cells also was studied. Maximal
      specific activity was found in cell fractions from jejunum followed by ileum and
      duodenum. About 80% of total activity was recovered in the villus cells,
      indicating an active role of these cells in cholesterogenesis. Ileal cells showed
      the highest cholesterol content. In all the intestinal epithelial cells assayed,
      free cholesterol represented about 95% of the total cholesterol.

PMID- 3398718
TI  - Relative inhibitory potencies of flavonoids on 12-lipoxygenase of fish gill.
AB  - The relative efficacy of 10 flavonoid compounds and some common antioxidants in
      inhibiting 12-lipoxygenase of fish gill was determined. Lipoxygenase activity was
      measured by oxygen consumption with polarography and formation of hydroxy fatty
      acid using thin layer chromatography with autoradiography. Generally, the
      inhibition of 12-lipoxygenase by flavonoids was noncompetitive. The lipoxygenase
      product pattern did not change in the presence of flavonoids. Fisetin (3,3',4',7
      tetrahydroxyflavone) and quercetin (3,3',4',5,7-pentahydroxyflavone) were the
      most potent inhibitors of 12-lipoxygenase, with IC50's of 0.25 and 0.4 microM
      respectively. These were compared with IC50's values of 5,1000 microM for BHA (t
      butylhydroxyanisole) and BHT (t-butylhydroxytoluene) respectively. Possible
      inhibitory mechanisms and relationships between flavonoid structure and
      inhibitory potencies are discussed.

PMID- 3398717
TI  - The influence of n-6 and n-3 fatty acids on kidney phospholipid composition and
      on eicosanoid production in aging rats.
AB  - Changes in eicosanoid production may contribute to some of the complications of
      the aging process such as atherosclerosis and glomerular sclerosis.
      Polyunsaturated fatty acids of the n-6 and n-3 series are precursors of
      eicosanoids. We fed diets containing safflower oil as a source of n-6 fatty
      acids, fish oil as a source of n-3 fatty acids or beef tallow as a source of
      saturated fats to three groups of normal rats from 2-18 months of age. We
      demonstrated incorporation of the n-3 fatty acids, 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 into
      kidney phospholipids. Feeding of the diet containing n-3 fatty acids was
      associated with a markedly decreased glomerular production of PGE, 6-keto-PGF1
      alpha and TXB2. It also decreased the aortic production of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and
      platelet production of TXB2. No significant effect of n-6 fatty acids on dienoic
      eicosanoid production was observed. There were no adverse effects on kidney
      function as measured by urinary protein excretion and serum creatinine levels or
      on renal morphology by any diet. A diet enriched in n-3 fatty acids for 18 months
      remains effective in decreasing dienoic eicosanoids in the aging rat.

PMID- 3398719
TI  - Changes in plasma lipids, lipoproteins, triglyceride secretion and removal in
      chicks with estrogen implants.
AB  - Estradiol implants in chicks resulted in marked elevation of all major plasma
      lipids with greatest increase in triglyceride (TG) followed by phospholipid (PL)
      and cholesterol (C). During the two-wk period, plasma TG level in estrogen (E)
      treated chicks increased to about 45 times that of controls (139.6 vs 6,368.3
      mg/dl). The level of cholesterol also increased steadily during the same period,
      attaining nearly a six-fold increase in comparison with the control (150.7 vs
      871.8 mg/dl), and the level of PL was markedly elevated from 209 to 2,861 mg/dl.
      Besides the induction of hyperlipidemia, E treatment also resulted in a notable
      alteration in the fatty acid composition of plasma lipids; there was an increase
      in oleic acid concomitant with a decrease in polyunsaturated fatty acids,
      particularly, linoleic acid. One day after implantation, the percentage of oleic
      acid in TG fraction increased from 39.2 to 43.7%, reaching 55.4% of the total
      fatty acids at day 14. In contrast, the levels of linoleic and arachidonic acid
      decreased significantly from 16.1 to 8.3% and 4.3 to 0.6%, respectively, during
      the same period. In cholesteryl ester (CE) and PL, the oleic acid level also
      increased from 25.2 to 47.3% in the former and from 11.9 to 29.6% in the latter,
      reflecting enhanced hepatic lipogenesis. Analysis of plasma lipoproteins in E
      treated chicks revealed dramatic alterations in the concentrations of lipids and
      protein in individual lipoprotein fractions, especially very low density
      lipoprotein (VLDL) fraction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3398721
TI  - Characterization of HETEs and related conjugated dienes by UV spectroscopy.
AB  - Three distinct pairs of HETEs can be distinguished on the basis of their UV
      spectra. We used hydroxy-linoleates (hydroxy-octadeca-cis-trans-dienoates) as a
      base for comparisons; both the 9- and 13-hydroxy isomers have identical
      chromophores with lambda max near 234 nm. The presence of a double bond three
      carbons removed from the conjugated diene (the chromophore of 9- and 11-HETE)
      causes a shift in the observed lambda max to near 235 nm. A double bond beta to
      the chromophore (5- and 15-HETE) gives a further shift of 1.5 nm, giving a lambda
      max between 236-236.5 nm. With double bonds in both these positions (8- and 12
      HETE), the lambda max is observed near 237 nm. It is apparent that the exact
      lambda max of the cis-trans diene chromophore is influenced in a consistent way
      by the adjacent methylene interrupted cis double bonds.

PMID- 3398722
TI  - A new quantitative method for the analysis of monoacylglycerol isomers using 13C
      nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
AB  - Current methods for determining the regiochemistry of monoacylglycerols are
      lengthy, tedious and aggravated by the ready isomerization of 2-acyl-sn
      glycerols. A new method employs a very rapid adsorption chromatography step in
      which isomerization is kept to a minimum, followed by formation of the
      isopropylidene derivatives using mild procedures. These cyclic derivatives of 1-
      and 3-acyl-sn-glycerols and 2-acyl-sn-glycerols are stable thermally and display
      certain characteristic 13C NMR resonances. Integration of these resonances yields
      directly the proportion of monoacylglycerol isomers in the mixture. The method
      was applied to the analysis of monoacylglycerols produced by enzymatic hydrolysis
      of synthetic and naturally occurring triacylglycerols.

PMID- 3398720
TI  - Phospholipid profile and production of prostanoids by murine colonic epithelium:
      effect of dietary fat.
AB  - Dietary fat and abnormal production of various prostanoids have been linked to
      various disease states of the large bowel, including cancer of the colon. Studies
      were conducted to determine the effect of dietary fat (beef tallow or corn oil)
      on the lipid composition and prostanoid production of the murine colon. Female
      C57BL/6J mice were fed high-fat (HF) diets (47% of calories as fat) or low-fat
      (LF) diets (10% of calories as fat). After four wk of dietary treatment, the
      mucosa was scraped, and lipids were extracted from the mucosal and muscle layers.
      The fat content of the diets did not significantly alter the amount of
      phospholipid (PL) or neutral lipid in the colonic tissue. However, the HF
      affected the PL profile of the colonic mucosa. For example, the ratio of
      phosphatidylcholine (PC) to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) was significantly
      higher for both the HF groups compared with that of the two LF groups (0.76 +/-
      0.15 and 0.80 +/- 0.13 vs 0.31 +/- 0.20 and 0.34 +/- 0.18). Production of 13,14
      dihydro-15-keto-PGE2 (measured as bicyclic PGE2) and TXB2 (a stable metabolite of
      TXA2) and PGF1 alpha (a stable metabolite of PGI2) was unaffected by the dietary
      treatments. The muscle had a different PL profile (PC:PE is 2.6 +/- 0.1) than the
      mucosa and contributed a larger proportion of the prostanoids formed. This study
      demonstrates that the phospholipid polar head group composition of normal colonic
      mucosa is altered by dietary fat, but the ability of the mucosa to synthesize
      metabolites of PGE2, TXA2 and PGI2 is not affected.

PMID- 3398723
TI  - Separation of alpha-tocopherol and its oxidation products by high performance
      liquid chromatography.
AB  - A very sensitive high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was
      developed for the separation of alpha-tocopherol (alpha-T) and its five oxidation
      products: alpha-tocopheryl quinone (TQ), dimer (D), dihydroxy dimer (DHD), trimer
      (T) and 9-methoxy-alpha-tocopherone commonly called alpha-tocopheroxide (TO). The
      separation was achieved on a normal-phase silica-based column (Ultrasphere-Si),
      using a mobile phase of hexane/chloroform/isopropanol (95:4.5:0.5, v/v/v) at a
      flow rate of 0.4 ml/min, and the eluants were monitored simultaneously at their
      maximum absorptions using a variable-wavelength UV detector. The minimum
      detection limit is 0.01 microgram for alpha-T, TQ and TO, 0.05 microgram for DHD
      and D, and 0.1 microgram for T/injection. This normal-phase method has the
      combined advantages of being very sensitive, fast and capable of separating all
      six compounds at the same time.

PMID- 3398724
TI  - Microcomputer-based system for data acquisition and analysis of oxygen uptake
      studies.
AB  - The use of a Warburg Respirometer to study oxidation reactions is tedious and
      time-consuming. A microcomputer-based oxygen uptake device that is more sensitive
      than a Warburg Respirometer is described. The device consists of stainless steel
      or Teflon reaction vessels coupled to ultrasensitive pressure transducers. A high
      speed analog to digital convertor is used to poll the transducers. The direct
      memory access (DMA) controller of an IBM XT is used to poll the convertor and
      store the data in memory. Software used to program the DMA controller and IBM XT
      is described. The reproducibility and utility of the device is demonstrated with
      a brief study of lipid oxidation.

PMID- 3398725
TI  - Malondialdehyde excretion by subjects consuming cod liver oil vs a concentrate of
      n-3 fatty acids.
AB  - Urinary malondialdehyde (MDA), an indicator of lipid peroxidation in the diet and
      in the tissues, was determined in human adults consuming a supplement of n-3
      fatty acids derived from a pharmaceutical grade of cod liver oil (CLO) without
      added antioxidants vs a concentrate of n-3 acids containing dodecyl gallate and
      vitamin E. MDA excretion increased immediately in the subjects consuming CLO but
      remained unchanged in those ingesting the concentrate for 50 days. The increase
      in the subjects taking CLO was attributable to MDA in the oil. The results
      indicate that consuming unstabilized fish oils as a source of n-3 fatty acids may
      entail exposure to potentially toxic products of lipid peroxidation.

PMID- 3398726
TI  - Differential utilization of long chain fatty acids during triacylglycerol
      depletion. II. Rat liver after starvation.
AB  - Rats starved for 96 hr were shown to have a 94% reduction in liver
      triacylglycerol. Among the long chain fatty acids in liver triacylglycerol, only
      stearic acid and arachidonic acid were proportionally increased (2.5 and 6 times,
      respectively); palmitic and linoleic acids were unchanged, and palmitoleic and
      oleic acids were proportionally decreased. Stearic and arachidonic acids (mg%)
      were correlated positively within the triacylglycerol fraction, and both fatty
      acids varied inversely with total triacylglycerol (mg/g) in fed and starved rats.
      The utilization of long chain fatty acids from liver triacylglycerol during
      starvation resulted in selective retention of arachidonic acid and stearic acid
      and suggests that differential hydrolysis of liver triacylglycerol by hepatic
      lipase may occur or selective reacylation of these specific fatty acids may occur
      during starvation.

PMID- 3398727
TI  - Fatty acid composition of macrophage phospholipids in mice fed fish or borage
      oil.
AB  - The polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) composition of murine peritoneal macrophage
      phospholipids was dramatically altered in vivo following the four-wk feeding of
      specific dietary oils. Fish oil (containing 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3) feeding
      significantly increased macrophage 20:5n-3, 22:5n-3, and 22:6n-3 (P less than
      0.05), while borage oil (containing 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-6) increased (P less than
      0.05) the macrophage 20:3n-6/20:4n-6 ratio, relative to safflower oil (containing
      18:2n-6) and hydrogenated coconut oil (containing 12:0)-fed animals. The
      macrophage phospholipid PUFA profiles were compared with those of the liver, lung
      and spleen. The significance of the PUFA alterations is discussed.

PMID- 3398728
TI  - MRI in osteoarthritis of the hip: gradations of severity.
AB  - In a prospective study, 10 patients with well-documented osteoarthritis (O.A.) of
      the hips were imaged using spin-echo pulse sequences (TR = 0.5 to 1.5 s and TE =
      28 to 60 ms). After analyzing the changes observed, an MR grading system for
      assessing severity of O.A. in the hips was developed. Using this grading system
      and an established grading system for osteoarthritis using roentgenograms (both
      systems use grades 0-4), two radiologists independently graded the MR studies and
      plain films separately, twice. The roentgenogram grading system was more accurate
      in predicting symptoms in the more severe cases, whereas the MR grading system
      was slightly more useful in the less severe cases. Our results show that MR can
      demonstrate a spectrum of changes of O.A. in the hips. Its ability to directly
      image articular cartilage makes it a powerful research and clinical tool.

PMID- 3398729
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging of soft tissue masses: an evaluation of fifty-three
      histologically proven tumors.
AB  - Fifty-three histologically confirmed soft tissue masses in 48 patients were
      evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging (MR) and computerized tomography (CT).
      Twenty-three of these were malignant, twenty-three benign and seven of
      intermediate malignancy (all aggressive fibromatosis). The two procedures were
      compared for sensitivity and delineation of masses, their relationship to
      important neurovascular structures, their potential for histological diagnoses,
      their relative roles in influencing the surgical approach and the preferred
      modality in the follow-up for detection of tumor recurrence. Both modalities have
      their relative strengths and weaknesses. However, the superior contrast
      resolution of magnetic resonance imaging, its demonstration of lesions not
      clearly identified by CT, its pluridirectional capabilities and its ability to
      demonstrate large soft tissue tumors in a single coronal or sagittal plane makes
      it the preferred initial modality for evaluation of the soft tissue tumor of
      uncertain etiology and also in the follow-up of these patients. Despite MR's
      superiority in anatomically staging soft tissue tumors it, like CT, is of limited
      value in characterizing soft tissue sarcomas.

PMID- 3398730
TI  - Highly homogeneous circularly polarized RF field for whole body NMR imaging.
AB  - Conditions for generation of polarized RF fields in cylindrical symmetry by high
      order coils are presented. Whole body NMR transmitters utilizing this principle
      would require a current control on a certain number of loops. In the present
      design this is obtained by feeding each loop by an appropriate linear combination
      of two in quadrature waves. The development has been experimentally tested by
      three scaled down experimental prototypes operated at 500 kHz and a good
      agreement has been found.

PMID- 3398731
TI  - In vivo 1H-NMR procedure to determine several rat cerebral metabolite levels
      simultaneously, undisturbed by water and lipid signals.
AB  - Methods developed for in vivo 1H-NMR spectroscopy are evaluated and applied using
      conscious rats. Good quality 1H-spectra of the brain are obtained using a surface
      coil and a spin echo pulse sequence with the binomial 1-1 and 2-2 water
      suppression pulses. However, comparing spectra from various rats with each other
      the water and lipid signals, which cause spectral overlap problems, may differ
      while the other spectral peaks agree well. Spatially one- and two-dimensional 1H
      spectroscopic imaging of the rat brain shows that the former signals stem from
      distinct spatial regions localized close to the rf coil. From a spectroscopic
      image, a spectrum over a limited spatial region is constructed in which the water
      signals are strongly reduced, the lipid signals are eliminated and lactic acid
      can be observed clearly simultaneously with other metabolites.

PMID- 3398732
TI  - Relaxation times in paramagnetically doped agarose gels as a function of
      temperature and ion concentration.
AB  - Tissue equivalent gels of NMR phantoms have been investigated at 3.4 MHz. The
      proton T1 and T2 relaxation times have been measured in Ni++ and Cu++ doped
      agarose gels as a function of temperature and ion concentration. Ni-agarose gels
      have the lower T1 temperature dependence, but gels containing both Cu++ and Ni++
      can be produced for which T1 has virtually no temperature dependence.

PMID- 3398733
TI  - Compensation for surface coil sensitivity variation in magnetic resonance
      imaging.
AB  - A procedure which incorporates the aspects of both correction matrix and digital
      filtering to compensate for sensitivity fall-off of the surface coil has been
      applied to clinical imaging. In this method the surface coil profile is
      determined using the surface coil image and a crude body coil image. Our results
      indicate that the corrected surface coil image exhibits the homogeneity of the
      body coil image while essentially preserving the sensitivity of the surface coil
      image.

PMID- 3398734
TI  - Isointense model for the evaluation of tumor-specific MRI contrast agents.
AB  - An isointense model has been developed to evaluate the applicability of putative
      tumor-specific MRI contrast agents. Data for tissue relaxation measurements in
      the presence of Mn(III)TPPS4 are used to illustrate the model. The concentration
      of contrast agent in tumor tissue required for a tumor/normal tissue signal
      difference-to-noise ratio of 5 (delta SNR = 5) is determined for a T1 weighted
      pulse sequence and several hypothetical tumor/normal tissue pairs. The impact of
      various contrast agent characteristics including initial tumor/normal tissue
      relaxation values, differential uptake of contrast agent, and in vivo relaxivity
      are considered. Isointense tumor/normal tissue with longer initial relaxation
      times are shown to be more affected by the presence of contrast agent. In
      addition those with initially longer relaxation times have less rigorous
      requirements for tumor specificity. Typically, a normal tissue/tumor uptake ratio
      of 1:2 increases the concentration required for delta SNR = 5 by a factor of two
      compared to that of exclusive uptake in tumor. For the T1 weighted pulse sequence
      employed, the concentration required for delta SNR = 5 is shown to be linear with
      the inverse of in vivo relaxivity for the hypothetical tissues considered. The
      isointense model is also extended to predict the field dependence of tumor
      specific contrast enhancement by Mn(III)TPPS4.

PMID- 3398735
TI  - The rf coil as a sensitive motion detector for magnetic resonance imaging.
AB  - A new sensor principle for detection of patient movement in magnetic resonance
      imaging has been successfully applied for the reduction of motion artifacts. It
      uses a device that is already present in every MRI system, namely the rf coil.
      Patient movement within the coil causes changes in the rf impedance match of the
      coil, which can be measured as variations in the reflected rf power. The
      principle used for the detection of respiratory and cardiac motion is described,
      and experimental results measured with several coil arrangements are given.
      Images are presented which were acquired with respiratory gating derived from the
      rf body coil of a 2 Tesla whole body MRI system.

PMID- 3398736
TI  - Prolonged bone marrow T1-relaxation in patients with polycythemia vera.
AB  - In vitro as well as in vivo studies have shown prolonged T1 relaxation times in
      patients with acute leukemia. The mechanism behind this finding is not known. In
      order to evaluate if this was specific for leukemia we examined eight patients
      with polycythemia vera, representing a condition with a rather benign bone marrow
      neoplasia. In this group of patients we found prolonged T1 relaxation times but
      normal T2 relaxation times. This may indicate that the prolonged T1 relaxation
      time seen in leukemic bone marrow is not due to the malignant cell per se.

PMID- 3398737
TI  - The motion artifact suppression technique (MAST) in magnetic resonance imaging:
      clinical results.
AB  - The Motion Artifact Suppression Technique (MAST) is a method which uses a series
      of gradient echos that are computed to cancel velocity, acceleration and
      pulsatility components of involuntary motion in MR imaging. A total of 916
      patient studies were performed over a nine month period using MAST sequences with
      a TE 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, and 26/112. There was considerable improvement in long
      TR, long TE images. Cerebrospinal fluid flow artifacts were reduced. Body and
      spine images had reduced flow and respiratory artifacts. Spin rephasing in blood
      vessels caused increase intraluminal signal. This might be useful for
      cardiovascular imaging.

PMID- 3398739
TI  - MRI assisted treatment planning for radiation therapy of the head and neck.
AB  - Improved visualization of head and neck tumors has been demonstrated with the use
      of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Using standard plastic radiation therapy
      immobilization casts and an MR positive surface marker system developed in this
      institution, we have utilized MRI as an adjunct to the simulation of complex
      radiation treatments for tumors of the head and neck. This technique includes an
      indirect display of field margins and/or isodose curves over selected MR images.
      The lack of induced artifact from the immobilization cast, improved delineation
      of tumor extension from normal anatomy and the ability to image in arbitrary
      planes without changing patient positioning favor the use of MR over CT for
      radiation therapy planning in the head and neck, while ensuring reproducibility
      of the treatment plan at subsequent therapy sessions.

PMID- 3398738
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging of bone after radiation.
AB  - Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed in 22 patients at various times (0
      3) years) following radiation therapy to the spine. T1 and T2 weighted images
      were obtained at 0.5 Tesla. Increased signal was seen after 800-6000 rads (8-60
      Gy). Marrow effects corresponded to radiation ports. Recurrent tumor was clearly
      separated from fatty replacement. This was much better seen on T1 weighted
      images. Five patients that had MRI during their course of radiotherapy (XRT) did
      not have increased signal on T1 images of the bone marrow. The earliest fatty
      marrow change was seen nine days following completion of 3000 rads (30 Gy) XRT
      over one month's duration. One patient who received 800 rads (8 Gy) to the upper
      thoracic spine for eosinophilic granuloma had no radiation effects on MRI when
      imaged 16 days following completion of XRT given over five days. Fatty marrow
      change was seen in this patient on MRI six months later. MRI was particularly
      useful in defining the extent of prior radiation effects when repeat therapy was
      needed.

PMID- 3398740
TI  - In-plane flow velocity quantification along the phase encoding axis in MRI.
AB  - In-plane flow quantification in MRI offers the potential for assessing vessel
      patency, and both volume flow rate and flow velocity. These techniques will have
      definite future impact on MR angiography. The method used in this paper employs
      motion artifact suppression technique (MAST) gradients to refocus spins
      travelling along any of the three imaging axes while encoding the velocity
      component along the phase encoding axis. This method has several advantages over
      in-plane flow quantification along the read axis. Primarily, flow voids due to
      complete spin dephasing can be eliminated (or reduced), wider velocity limits can
      be measured, and gradients can be designed which are sensitive to only velocity
      along the phase axis with no additional effect from higher order derivatives, or
      motion along the read axis. Flow phantom studies, carried out on 19 mm inside
      diameter glass tubes, have produced accurate results for flow rates ranging from
      0.6 gallons per minute (GPM) to 2.5 GPM, corresponding to a mean velocity range
      from 13.2 cm/sec to 55.3 cm/sec. Reynolds numbers varied from 2,700 to 11,500.
      Errors were less than or equal to 8% over the range of flow rates studied.

PMID- 3398741
TI  - Impact of hyperthermic regional perfusion therapy on cell metabolism of malignant
      melanoma monitored by 31P MR spectroscopy.
AB  - For the first time, the influence of hyperthermic regional perfusion therapy on
      tumor cell metabolism has been monitored by means of 31P MR spectroscopy. Shortly
      after treatment, a complete depletion of high energy phosphates, a significant
      increase of inorganic phosphate, phosphomono- and phosphodiester resonances and a
      decrease of pH have been observed. Healthy muscle tissue showed only minor
      effects caused by this aggressive therapy. The time course of the transient
      variation of phosphate metabolite concentrations is explained in the framework of
      a simple pathophysiological model. The results demonstrate that the imediate
      effect of chemotherapy on tumor tissue can be detected by 31P MRS before any
      clinical signs of tumor response are visible.

PMID- 3398742
TI  - Diagnosis of sacroiliac joint infection in pregnancy by magnetic resonance
      imaging.
AB  - MR imaging was used to diagnose sacroiliac joint infection as the source of
      persistent back and hip pain in a pregnant woman with bacterial endocarditis and
      fever who refused diagnostic exposure to any ionizing radiation.

PMID- 3398743
TI  - Cholecystitis: diagnosis by MR imaging.
AB  - Morphologic features which allow the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis by
      ultrasound and CT have now been observed by MR. When present, thickening of the
      gallbladder wall, intramural abscess, pericholecystic fluid, and the presence of
      gallstones may be more specific than MR characterization of gallbladder bile.

PMID- 3398744
TI  - The relationship between managerial and clinical decision making in the hospital.

PMID- 3398745
TI  - Is there a role for surgery in the acute management of infective endocarditis? A
      decision analysis and medical claims database approach.
AB  - In the absence of good clinical evidence from a randomized trial, the authors
      performed a decision analysis to determine the potential value of early elective
      surgery (OPNOW) for patients with left-sided Staphylococcus aureus infective
      endocarditis. Initial impressions (before performance of decision analysis) and
      initial runs at the formal models using probability estimates derived from
      clinicians suggested that OPNOW (i.e., within a few days of starting antibiotics)
      offered no advantage over attempted medical cure (WAIT) (life expectancy: WAIT =
      325 weeks; OPNOW = 255 weeks). Extensive sensitivity analyses identified critical
      variables that needed further empirical estimation. The Manitoba Health Services
      Commission database identified 127 incident cases of endocarditis between April
      1, 1979, and March 31, 1985, enabling estimation of values for these critical
      variables. With these estimates, the early surgery strategy appeared much better
      than the previous analyses had suggested (life expectancy: WAIT = 208 weeks,
      OPNOW = 256 weeks). The authors believe that this approach of combining decision
      analysis with medical claims databases is useful as an alternative or precursor
      to randomized trials, especially where the resource requirements and logistic
      difficulties of performing randomized trials are great.

PMID- 3398746
TI  - Bayesian analysis of diastolic blood pressure measurement.
AB  - A mathematical model is presented for measurements that include substantial
      fluctuation and error. Under the assumptions that the fluctuation-error variance
      is the same for all subjects, and that the distributions of fluctuation-error
      variance within subjects and "true" values of the measurements in the population
      are normal, Bayes' theorem produces a simple estimate of the "true" value of a
      measurement, and a standard error, conditional on a single observation. The model
      is easily extended to several observations. Methods for estimating the parameters
      of the model from a data set are presented, and applied to diastolic blood
      pressures of patients in the authors' primary care clinic. The test-retest
      reliability of a single blood pressure measurement for this population is 0.41.
      Because continuous measurements are often dichotomized into "normal" and
      "abnormal" ranges by a threshold criterion, the authors present formulas for the
      positive predictive value when a decision rule based on a given number of
      observations is used in a population with respect to a threshold criterion for
      the "true" values. For example, classifying their patients as hypertensive on the
      basis of the average of two readings exceeding 90 mm Hg diastolic pressure would
      have a positive predictive value of 52% for the "gold standard" of average
      diastolic pressure exceeding 90 mm Hg. Formulas to calculate the frequency with
      which patients will be classified "abnormal" by one decision rule but will be
      classified "normal" by later application of another rule are provided and used to
      "predict" the frequency with which this crossover phenomenon should have occurred
      in the enrollment phase of the Hypertension Detection and Follow-up
      Programs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3398748
TI  - The robustness of the "binormal" assumptions used in fitting ROC curves.
AB  - The binormal form is the most common model used to formally fit ROC curves to the
      data from signal detection studies that employ the "rating" method. The author
      lists a number of justifications that have been offered for this choice, ranging
      from theoretical considerations of probability laws and signal detection theory,
      to mathematical tractability and convenience, to empirical results showing that
      "it fits!" To these justifications is added another, namely that even if an
      alternative formulation based on another underlying form (e.g., power law) or
      model (e.g., binomial, Poisson, or gamma type distributions) were in fact
      correct, the binormal fit differs so little from the true form as to be of no
      practical consequence. Moreover, the small lack of fit is unlikely to be
      demonstrated in practice: it is obscured by the much larger variation that can be
      attributed to sampling of cases. In addition, even if a very large sample of
      cases could be studied, the small number of rating categories used does not
      permit seemingly very different models to be distinguished from one another.

PMID- 3398747
TI  - Sequential analysis in a Bayesian model of diastolic blood pressure measurement.
AB  - A sequential method for diagnosing or excluding hypertension based on the
      Bayesian model of diastolic blood pressure presented in a companion article is
      presented. The likelihood ratio method of Wald is modified to include the effects
      of a prior probability distribution and to constrain the strategy to achieve
      specified positive and negative predictive values. The resulting formulas for
      upper and lower limits to diagnose and exclude diastolic hypertension can be
      evaluated using a hand calculator and a table of areas of the standard normal
      distribution. The strategy is illustrated for a population having a blood
      pressure distribution similar to that of the cohort screened for participation in
      the Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program, with 90 mm Hg as the cutoff
      defining hypertension and required positive and negative predictive values of
      95%. The performance of the strategy was simulated using Monte Carlo methods. The
      median number of readings required for diagnosis is three, and 80% of subjects
      are diagnosed in 11 or fewer readings. In contrast to the strategy's 95%
      predictive values, a fixed-number-of-measurements strategy requiring the same
      mean number of measurements has a positive predictive value of only 83% and a
      negative predictive value of 96%. When the parameters of the model have been
      properly measured or estimated, this method is practical, efficient, and accurate
      for diagnosing hypertension in a known population.

PMID- 3398749
TI  - [The function of the reticuloendothelial system studied with the use of
      radioactive colloids].
AB  - A new method for the interpretation of data obtained during radionuclide
      investigation of the reticuloendothelial system (RES) was proposed. It was based
      on a detailed description of the mechanism of reticuloendothelial extraction of a
      colloid injected intravenously. A model developed for this purpose included the
      main stages of radioactive colloid transport. The paper also represented a
      comparative analysis of the results of clinical examination of the controls and
      patients with liver cirrhosis. A 4-fold decrease of the blood flow in portal
      liver cirrhosis was noted as compared with normal mean indices in a 2-fold
      decrease in the specific blood supply of cells of the RES and in a 2-fold
      decrease in its volume. An increase in phagocytosis rate in patients with liver
      cirrhosis needs further verification.

PMID- 3398751
TI  - [Diagnostic information value and radiation load on the patient of retrograde
      cholangiopancreatography and computed tomography of the pancreas].
AB  - The paper is devoted to a comparative analysis of the diagnostic value of
      retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and computed tomography (CT) in 50
      patients with chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic tumors and comparison of
      radiation exposure of a patient during the use of these methods of x-ray
      examination. CT was shown to be a more informative method, particularly in the
      diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis. However, the results obtained with CT, were
      not specific enough to make convincing differential diagnosis between tumorous
      and inflammatory processes. In parallel with it radiation exposures the patients
      were subjected to, were assessed using an original method with thermoluminescent
      dosage meters. It was established that tissue doses, on the whole, were larger in
      ERCP than in CT, the difference being determined by the distinctive features of
      both methods and the duration of the endoscopic component in pancreatography.

PMID- 3398752
TI  - [Perestroika in the teaching of roentgenology and radiology at medical
      institutes].

PMID- 3398750
TI  - [Screening of thyroid function proper by calculating the integral index based on
      data from in vitro radioimmunological testing].
AB  - A total of 1494 patients were investigated: 803--with the euthyroid state and
      extrathyroid (nonthyroid) pathology, 493--with primary hyperthyroidism and 101-
      with primary hypothyroidism; 93 healthy donors (61 women and 32 men) were entered
      into the control group. The thyroid integral index (II) was used for the
      assessment of the level of function of the thyroid proper. Normal II values
      ranged within 0.6-5 rel. units hypothyroidism values were within 0.6 and below
      this value, hyperthyroidism values--within 5 and above tris value. II calculation
      made it possible to divide (with 100% accuracy) the patients into 3 groups of the
      thyroid state: eu-, hypo- and hyperthyroidism. Euthyroidism values by the TSH
      level were within 1.7-9 mU/l.

PMID- 3398753
TI  - [Status of the heart during a combined method of treating patients with stage I
      to II lymphogranulomatosis].
AB  - The effects of combined therapy (polychemotherapy and radiotherapy) of 162
      patients with stage I-II Hodgkin's disease were studied. A retrospective analysis
      of x-ray findings led to the detection of exudate in the pericardial cavity
      unrecognized in hospital in 7.7% of the patients. Combined therapy caused its
      reverse development into adhesive pericarditis. X-ray assessment of the cardiac
      state during a follow-up (3-5 yrs.) revealed various postradiation complications:
      limited pleuropericardial adhesions (17%), extensive pleuropericardial adhesions
      revealing the right spinal contour (12.7%), exudative pericarditis (0.7%), and
      adhesive pericarditis (12.7%). A low rate and degree of postradiation injuries of
      the pericardium could be accounted for by preliminary polychemotherapy making it
      possible to reduce radiation fields in subsequent irradiation.

PMID- 3398754
TI  - [Prognostic factors in the chemoradiation treatment of III-stage
      lymphogranulomatosis].
AB  - The results of therapy of 152 patients with stage III Hodgkin's disease (106-
      IIIA, 46--IIIB) were studied. The administration of 2-4 cycles of
      polychemotherapy (MOPP scheme including embichin, vincristine, procarbazine and
      prednisolone) followed by large field irradiation after a radical program in 2-4
      weeks was envisaged in the therapeutic plan. Cox's multifactor regression
      analysis made it possible to determine the values of some indices for the outcome
      of disease. The main prognostic factors in chemo- and radiotherapy were a
      histological type and mediastinal lymph node involvement. The fact of the
      involvement of the mediastinal lymph nodes in a tumor process rather than a
      degree of their enlargement played a decisive role. Such prognostic factors as
      male sex and the age over 40 were regarded as unfavorable, however their role was
      not as important as that of a histological type and mediastinal lymph node
      involvement. The above program of chemo- and radiotherapy made it possible to
      reduce the effect of general symptoms and signs of "biological activity" of a
      process.

PMID- 3398755
TI  - [Tele-gamma irradiation of subdiaphragmatic lymph nodes in rheumatoid arthritis].
AB  - The authors described methods of gamma-beam therapy of the retroperitoneal lymph
      nodes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and therapeutic results. The para
      aortal and ilioinguinal lymph nodes were irradiated in 20 patients at a dose of
      20 Gy during 2 weeks. Half of the patients demonstrated improved general status
      with a decrease of disease activity and normalization of the articular syndrome.

PMID- 3398757
TI  - [Correlation of microangiographic and thermographic signs in sarcoma 45].
AB  - Thermographic and microangiographic studies on transplantable sarcoma 45 in
      subcutaneous and intramuscular implantation of tumor cells showed the appearance
      of "hot" and "cold" foci in the zone of tumor development. In subcutaneous
      implantation of sarcoma 45 "hot" foci were observed in the 1st week only, then
      the focal temperature was decreased and a tumor zone acquired the properties of a
      "cold" focus. In intramuscular tumor implantation the symptom of a "hot" focus
      was noted during 3 weeks. Angiography showed that the state of the vascular
      network of a tumor, rearrangement of microcirculation in external and central
      tumor zones were in some correlation to a site of tumor inoculation. Tumors of
      the subcutaneous fat were characterized by rapid avascularization with the
      formation of the "cold" focus symptom. A high degree of tumor vascularization
      corresponded to "hot" zones, hypovascular tumors--to "cold" zones. "Hot" zones
      could develop at the expense of arteriovenous anastomoses discharging hot
      arterial blood into the venous tumor bed passing the capillaries. Direct
      correlation was established between the state of blood circulation and a
      thermographic picture.

PMID- 3398756
TI  - [Clinico-dosimetric foundation for the intracavity gamma therapy of uterine
      cancer on the AGAM apparatus].
AB  - The paper is concerned with the first experience of intracavitary gamma-therapy
      of uterine cancer using the AGAM unit ensuring simultaneous delivery of Cs-137
      sources along 3 channels. Organizational problems of a process of irradiation
      were discussed. The authors gave a description of a program for the SM-4 mini
      computer used for the calculation of a dose field formed by a discretely moving
      radiation source along arbitrary type trajectories. Dose distributions in several
      planes were presented for previously developed methods of three-positional and
      multitrack irradiation of targets of a complex geometrical shape. Therapy with a
      favorable direct effect was provided to 35 uterine cancer patients.

PMID- 3398759
TI  - [Reasons for the operating breakdowns of medical gamma therapy apparatuses and
      assessment of their reliability].
AB  - The probability of failure of various gamma-therapeutic apparatuses has been
      calculated on the basis of mathematical statistics. It has been shown that the
      least reliable units are gates, switching on pipes, jamming of ionizing radiation
      sources, emergency closing springs, heads, pressure stabilization, diaphragms,
      holders of ionizing radiation sources. Analysis of the probability of various
      failures has shown that their annual frequency is 0.5 +/- 10(-3) only.

PMID- 3398760
TI  - [Distant compression fracture in a child with dysplastic changes in the spine].

PMID- 3398758
TI  - [A centering guide for the gamma camera].
AB  - A device for centering a gamma-camera indicator is described. It permits the use
      of available medical coaches instead of a table with a transparent top. The
      device can be used for centering an indicator (when it is fixed at the low end of
      a gamma-camera) on a required area of the patient's body.

PMID- 3398761
TI  - Relaxivity and binding of Mn2+ ions in solutions of phosphatidylserine vesicles.
AB  - We report the magnetic field dependence (NMRD profiles) of 1/T1 of solvent
      protons in solutions of unilamellar phosphatidylserine vesicles with added Mn2+
      ions, including studies of the variation of the profiles with temperature, extent
      of coverage of available binding sites by Mn2+ ions, ionic strength, and
      competition with (nonparamagnetic) Ca2+ ions. ions. In addition, we sketch the
      theory of screening of the negative surface charges of the vesicles due to both
      specific binding of Mn2+ ions and nonspecific effects of other mobile solute
      ions. The major result is that the NMRD profiles, although qualitatively similar,
      vary systematically as the parameters of the solutions are altered, in a manner
      consistent with the theory of screening. The profiles of the Mn2+-vesicle
      complexes are much like those of Mn2+-protein complexes that have the ions in an
      octahedral ligand environment. In addition, we find that the profiles are similar
      to those reported for Mn2+ ions in packed liver cells and liver tissue,
      supporting a previous conjecture that available Mn2+ in liver binds to the polar
      head groups of cell membranes, saturating these sites before binding elsewhere.
      Again, it is evident that results for in vitro model systems can be extrapolated
      reliably to tissue behavior.

PMID- 3398762
TI  - Acute volume loading studied in cat myocardium with 31P nuclear magnetic
      resonance.
AB  - To study the effects of acute volume loading on myocardial metabolic and
      mechanical function, seven cats were volume loaded via anastomosis of the
      abdominal aorta to the vena cava (AV shunt). Metabolic effects were evaluated
      with 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Mechanical function was evaluated with
      heart rate X systolic blood pressure product (HR X SBP). Shunts were opened for 1
      2 h during which time phosphocreatine (PCr), adenosine triphosphate (ATP),
      inorganic phosphate (Pi), and HR X SBP were monitored. High-energy phosphate
      energetics as determined by Pi/PCr and PCr/ATP ratios were correlated with HR X
      SBP. Opening of the AV shunts was associated with an increase (four cats) or a
      decrease (three cats) in HR X SBP. Pi/PCr ratios increased and PCr/ATP ratios
      decreased in cats with an increase in HR X SBP. In cats with a decrease in HR X
      SBP, Pi/PCr and PCr/ATP generally did not change significantly. In summary, acute
      volume loading could be associated with an increase or decrease in myocardial
      external work as evaluated by HR X SBP, accompanied by metabolic changes
      suggestive of appropriate induction of state 3 metabolism (active metabolic
      state: ADP + Pi----ATP) in those cats with increased mechanical work, and minimal
      change in bioenergetics in cats with no or minimal increase in mechanical work.
      These induced metabolic responses to myocardial mechanical loading can be
      evaluated with 31P NMR techniques and may provide insight into in vivo metabolic
      control mechanisms.

PMID- 3398763
TI  - Efficient algorithms for generating interpolated (zoomed) MR images.
AB  - This paper discusses the two-dimensional implementation of a number of modified
      fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithms that efficiently interpolate (zoom)
      magnetic resonance (MR) images. If the original image was sampled at a rate
      satisfying the Nyquist criterion, these algorithms would effectively increase the
      sampling rate, permitting image details to be more easily discerned. The Skinner
      interpolating fast Fourier transform (SIFFT) avoids many of the computationally
      unnecessary complex multiplications that occur when interpolating using the
      normal fast Fourier transform algorithm. The novel interpolating fast Fourier
      transform (NIFFT) offers further savings when a subimage is required. Theoretical
      and experimental timings that compare the use of the normal FFT, SIFFT, and NIFFT
      algorithms for interpolation are given using magnetic resonance image
      reconstruction examples. Time savings of a factor of 2 to 4 are possible in
      typical experimental situations. Time savings of factors of 5 to 20 are possible
      when zooming images using two-dimensional band selectable digital filtering (2D
      BSDF) in combination with decimation and the SIFFT algorithm. In 2D-BSDF, the
      original MRI data set is reduced in size to retain only those frequency
      components corresponding to a desired subimage, thereby decreasing the
      computational load associated with further processing. A significant reduction in
      computation time is achieved when modeling is combined with 2D-BSDF and SIFFT as
      fewer points require modeling.

PMID- 3398764
TI  - Characterization of high-energy phosphate compounds during reperfusion of the
      irreversibly injured myocardium using 31P MRS.
AB  - Phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was used to monitor regional
      changes in high-energy phosphorus compounds and intracellular pH during 60 min of
      acute regional ischemia (acute occlusion of left anterior descending artery) and
      reperfusion in open-chest cats using a 1.2-cm two-turn coil sutured to the
      myocardium. During the 60-min ischemic phase, phosphocreatine (PCr) intensity was
      reduced to 47 +/- 4.9% (mean +/- SE) of control (p less than 0.01) by 15 min
      postocclusion while adenosine triphosphate (ATP) intensity decreased more slowly
      with the decrease (66 +/- 5.6%) achieving significance (p less than 0.05) only at
      60 min postocclusion. Inorganic phosphate (Pi) increased to a maximum of 397 +/-
      42% of control (p less than 0.01) while the pH decreased progressively from 7.36
      +/- 0.02 to 6.02 +/- 0.14 (p less than 0.01). After release of occlusion PCr
      intensity recovered to 86 +/- 12% of the initial control value at 15 min
      postreperfusion but showed a subsequent downward trend to 79 +/- 8.8%. The ATP
      did not recover but tended to decline further during reperfusion. The Pi
      intensity decreased to 260 +/- 38% of control while the pH increased to 7.01 +/-
      0.23 by 15 min postreperfusion. Thus, the reperfused irreversibly injured
      myocardium is characterized by persistent depletion of PCr and ATP and elevation
      of Pi. Phosphorus-31 MRS provides a nondestructive method for characterizing the
      reperfused irreversibly damaged myocardium.

PMID- 3398765
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging of rabbit brain after intracarotid injection of large
      multivesicular liposomes containing paramagnetic metals and DTPA.
AB  - A procedure has been developed for the preparation of large (10- to 80-microns
      diameter) multivesicular liposomes that contain magnetic resonance contrast agent
      (DTPA and either manganese or gadolinium). Blue dextran was observed to induce
      the formation of the large liposomes with dioleoylphosphatidylcholine and
      cholesterol (1:1 molar ratio) and with dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine and
      cholesterol (1:1 molar ratio). The formation of the large liposomes is dependent
      upon mixing the blue dextran with the lipid films at temperatures above the
      transition point of the lipids. Tracer amounts of 153Gd were added to the aqueous
      phase to permit quantitation of the recovery of encapsulated materials. Liposomes
      that were prepared using equimolar ratios of phospholipid and cholesterol were
      stable in serum for more than 12 h. The ultrastructure of the large
      multivesicular liposomes reveals the existence of individual vesicles (greater
      than 2 micron diameter) bound together by a multilamellar coating. When injected
      into the internal carotid artery of the rabbit, the large liposomes became
      entrapped in the vascular bed primarily in the frontal and occipital regions of
      brain. The resulting emboli may provide a means to deliver drugs to a specific
      site in brain, such as a tumor, if the vascular bed of the site can be cannulated
      precisely.

PMID- 3398766
TI  - 31P NMR relaxation time studies of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate in solution and intact
      erythrocytes.
AB  - The 31P T1 spin-lattice relaxation times and nuclear Overhauser effects of 3-P
      and 2-P in 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) have been measured in pure water
      solutions and in suspensions of intact erythrocytes. It was found that extremely
      careful purification of the water solutions from paramagnetic impurities was
      necessary in order to obtain reproducible results. The dominant relaxation
      mechanism in purified samples was shown to be the dipole-dipole interaction.
      Contributions from the chemical-shift anisotropy mechanism were demonstrated to
      be important at higher magnetic field strengths. Based upon the measurements in
      water solutions and intact erythrocyte suspensions it was concluded that there
      could be observed no significant influence of the oxygenation state of hemoglobin
      on the 31P T1 values of 2,3-DPG.

PMID- 3398767
TI  - The modification of the RF field distribution of surface coils by weakly
      conducting saline samples.
AB  - The modification of the RF field distribution of a surface coil, which is brought
      about by both loading and skin effect conditions arising from the proximity of
      weakly conducting saline samples, is demonstrated. A procedure for the
      calibration of the depth of the spectral acquisition region in depth-pulse
      localized in vivo spectroscopy is shown to be acceptable.

PMID- 3398768
TI  - Patient anesthesia and monitoring at a 1.5-T MRI installation.
AB  - This paper describes the facilities successfully used to provide patient
      monitoring and anesthesia support in a 1.5-T imaging installation. The
      requirements for the MRI site for anesthetic gases, shielded power, and
      radiofrequency ports are outlined. Specific modifications in anesthesia machines,
      anesthesia cart, laryngoscope, mercury sphygmomanometer, oximeter, and remote
      blood pressure devices are described. Additional aspects of patient monitoring
      and support, e.g., electrocardiogram and pressure infusion, are also discussed.

PMID- 3398769
TI  - Improved sensitivity of proton MR to oxygen-17 as a contrast agent using fast
      imaging: detection in brain.
AB  - The potential utility of H2(17)O as a contrast agent has been demonstrated in
      biological solutions and isolated tissues but its use has been impaired by the
      need to run heavily T2-weighted spin-echo images. By choosing an appropriate
      steady-state free precession experiment sensitive to T1/T2, we have improved the
      available contrast-to-noise per unit time by more than a factor of 5. This allows
      easy measurement of the proton effects for concentrations as low as 0.4% H2(17)O
      in less than 1 min. Injection into small animals produces a marked reduction in
      the overall image intensity. Consecutive imaging at the rate of one every 52 s
      has been used to follow the rate of change in brain image intensity immediately
      after injection.

PMID- 3398770
TI  - Investigation of a whole-body receiver coil operating at liquid nitrogen
      temperatures.
AB  - This communication describes the design and application of a receiver coil
      operating at liquid nitrogen temperature and intended as a surface coil in a
      whole-body imager. Its particular application is seen as the external receiver
      for parasitic internal or implanted detectors.

PMID- 3398771
TI  - Adaptation of culture methods for NMR studies of anchorage-dependent cells.
AB  - Two methods for growing anchorage-dependent cells were adapted for nuclear
      magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements: growing cells on agarose polyacrolein
      microsphere beads and on "filters" made of nonwoven polyester fabric. Both were
      found to be convenient and most suitable for NMR studies in any conventional
      spectrometer without probe modification. These methods were employed in studies
      of human breast cancer T47D-A11 cells, using scanning electron microscopy and 31P
      NMR spectroscopy. The results show that the contents per cell of
      phosphorylcholine, phosphorylethanolamine, and their glycerol derivatives depend
      on the mode of cell assembly and decrease gradually with the increase in cell
      cell interaction along the growth curve.

PMID- 3398772
TI  - Simultaneous monitoring of coronary blood flow and 31P NMR detected myocardial
      metabolites.
AB  - We report a method of dynamically measuring coronary blood flow in lambs, while
      simultaneously monitoring cardiac phosphate metabolism with 31P NMR at 81 MHz.
      This method uses an ultrasonic transit time probe in conjunction with a 4.7-T CSI
      spectrometer with a 33-cm magnet bore.

PMID- 3398773
TI  - NMR measurement of the degree of oil/water partition of paramagnetic contrast
      media.
AB  - Magnetic resonance imaging techniques have been used to evaluate the oil/water
      partition of a series of stable nitroxide free radicals. The degree of partition,
      K, closely parallels the order of chemical polarity and lipophilicity of these
      compounds. This method also provides insight into both their nuclear magnetic
      resonance relaxation characteristics and pharmacokinetics.

PMID- 3398774
TI  - Partial deletion by illegitimate recombination of the factor IX gene in a
      haemophilia B family with two inhibitor patients.
AB  - The inhibitor phenotype occurs in six haemophilia B patients in the UK and
      results from development of antibodies by the patients to administered factor IX.
      We have analysed a partial factor IX gene deletion (London 1) in a family with
      two inhibitor patients. The deletion results in retention of the first five exons
      which code for the light chain of factor IXa, and removal of 23 kb of DNA
      starting 704 bp 3' of the fifth exon and terminating 10.3 kb 3' of the last exon.
      The 5' break is at residue -113 of an Alu repeat. No significant homology exists
      between the 5' and 3' termini, but a 9 bp region of complementarity is found 23
      bp and 60 bp from the 5' and 3' terminus, respectively. At the cloned deletion
      junction a new 16 bp sequence contributes a DraI site that is also found in the
      genomic DNA of the two patients and a heterozygous relative. The deletion is an
      example of illegitimate recombination and it is proposed that such deletions
      occur principally during DNA replication. Loss of the 3' sequences involved in
      the maturation of mRNA probably results in no factor IX production. Immunological
      studies show that the index patient's antibodies bind both to epitopes coded by
      deleted and by non-deleted segments of the gene.

PMID- 3398775
TI  - virA and virG are the Ti-plasmid functions required for chemotaxis of
      Agrobacterium tumefaciens towards acetosyringone.
AB  - Octopine and nopaline Ti-plasmids confer upon Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58C1 the
      ability to respond chemotactically to the vir-inducing phenolic wound exudate,
      acetosyringone. A. tumefaciens C58C1 containing Ti-plasmids with Tn5 insertions
      in virB, C, D or E exhibited marked chemotaxis towards acetosyringone. However,
      Ti-plasmids with mutations in virA or virG were unable to confer the responsive
      phenotype. Of the cosmid clones pVK219 (virAB) pVK221 (virBGC) pVK225 (virGCDE)
      and pVK257 (virABGC) mobilized to cured A. tumefaciens C58C1, only pVK257
      bestowed acetosyringone chemotaxis. virA and virG are thus required for
      chemotaxis of A. tumefaciens towards acetosyringone. This suggests a
      multifunctional role for virA and virG: at low concentrations of acetosyringone
      they mediate chemotaxis and at higher concentrations they effect vir-induction.

PMID- 3398778
TI  - The forgotten ones: adolescence and mental retardation.

PMID- 3398776
TI  - The role of digoxin-specific antibodies in the treatment of digitalis poisoning.

PMID- 3398779
TI  - Adopted children with mental retardation: positive family impact.

PMID- 3398777
TI  - Adverse drug reaction reporting and retrospective phenotyping for oxidation
      polymorphism.
AB  - A genetically determined impairment in the ability to oxidase sparteine and
      debrisoquine also affects the oxidation of several other drugs. This impairment
      in oxidation may result in accumulation of the associated drugs and in an
      increased susceptibility to adverse reactions from these drugs. Dunedin houses
      the New Zealand national centre for the collation and study of adverse drug
      reactions. Included among the reporting schemes is an intensified monitoring
      system for newly released drugs, in which physicians report all clinical events
      occurring during treatment with the drugs under surveillance. The centre thus has
      available extensive records of names and addresses of prescribers and patients
      who have been reported as experiencing an adverse event while receiving drug
      therapy. We investigated the association between genetically poor oxidation of
      sparteine and adverse reactions to drugs selected as possibly sharing the
      sparteine/debrisoquine oxidation pathway; these included perhexiline, metoprolol,
      debrisoquine, piroxicam, mianserin and nifedipine. A kit containing instructions,
      a sparteine capsule and a container for urine collection was sent to physicians
      who reported adverse reactions or events to one of the above drugs for forwarding
      to the patient. It appeared possible, after assays of returned urine for
      sparteine and its metabolites, that adverse reactions to nifedipine were
      associated with genetically poor oxidation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3398780
TI  - States' definitions and procedures for identifying children with mental
      retardation: comparison of 1981-1982 and 1985-1986 guidelines.

PMID- 3398781
TI  - Developing requesting behavior: acquisition, fluency, and generality.

PMID- 3398782
TI  - Observing staff-resident interactions: methodological considerations.

PMID- 3398783
TI  - Toward clarification of the interrelation between endocrinological and
      psychological factors in climacteric symptoms and complaints.

PMID- 3398784
TI  - Diagnostic notes--lumbar BMC reproducibility as evaluated by means of dual photon
      absorptiometry.
AB  - Three evaluations of lumbar bone mineral content (BMC) were carried out at
      different times at intervals of a few days in 10 normal volunteers aged between
      18 and 60. The dual photon absorptiometry technique was employed (using
      gadolinium-153 as radioactive isotope). Data on 20 subjects aged from 23 to 62
      were recorded on magnetic tape and processed ten times by the same operator. The
      data for individual subjects proved satisfactorily reproducible and the repeated
      processing of a single scan by the same investigator gave very satisfactory
      results. The findings demonstrate that the evaluation of lumbar BMC by dual
      photon absorptiometry can provide highly reproducible and acceptably accurate
      data.

PMID- 3398785
TI  - An explanation for the development of decussations in the central nervous system.
AB  - A theoretical explanation is provided for decussations in the Central Nervous
      System at several levels, characteristic positions of gray matter in the spinal
      cord and the cerebral hemispheres, contralateral control of cerebral hemispheres
      and the partial crossing of fibers in the optic chiasma. The explanation also
      covers formation of corpus callosum, positions of visual and olfactory cortices,
      positions of auditory and vestibular centers and the position of basal ganglia,
      superior colliculus and the cerebellar nuclei.

PMID- 3398786
TI  - Multiple dermal fibroblasts in patients with pruritic urticarial papules and
      plaques of pregnancy. A clue to the etiology?
AB  - We have recently demonstrated that in pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of
      pregnancy (PUPPP) there are multiple dermal fibroblasts with no deposition of
      mucin. We suggest that in the dermis of patients with PUPPP there is a deposition
      of a substance that induces fibroblasts proliferation. We assume that this
      substance (marked as F-substance) is a product of the placenta, which is released
      to the maternal circulation during pregnancy.

PMID- 3398787
TI  - The role of the immune system in central nervous system regeneration (theoretical
      considerations).
AB  - The nervous and immune systems are shown to be interrelated. Steroids inhibit
      both regeneration and the immune response. Crushing injuries enhance
      regeneration. A synthesis of these apparently unrelated phenomena is formulated
      into an immune hypothesis of regeneration. Steroids, in suppressing the immune
      response, decrease lymphokine production and the subsequent stimulation of nerve
      cell regeneration. Crushing injuries to nerve fibers cause nerve protein to
      become antigenic, thereby eliciting the production of "non-toxic" antibodies,
      which paradoxically protect the nerve fibers from immune attack and cause an
      augmented lymphokine production and subsequent nerve cell regeneration.

PMID- 3398788
TI  - A theoretical design for a contact lens tonometer.
AB  - A theoretical design for a non-invasive, continuous, applanation, contact lens
      tonometer is proposed based on physical forces which cause a contact lens to
      adhere to the eye and the principles of applanation to measure pressure within a
      sphere. This instrument has potentially wide applications in the continuous
      measurement of intraocular pressure in patients with glaucoma, a blinding disease
      characterized by elevated intraocular pressure.

PMID- 3398789
TI  - The acid instability of myelin. A model for myelin degeneration in multiple
      sclerosis.
AB  - Electron micrographs of samples of bovine spinal cord which have been briefly
      acidified (10 mM lactate buffer, pH 5.5, 25 degrees C, 15 minutes) prior to being
      fixed for EM examination, reveal extensive vesicular disruption of the myelin
      lamellae; micrographs of control samples incubated under identical conditions at
      pH 7.0, show normal compact lamellae. Culture of thioglycollate-elicited rat
      peritoneal macrophages in the presence of derivatized, non-ingestible, bovine CNS
      material results in the secretion of lactic acid and the acidification of the
      culture medium to levels which are comparable to those which cause lamellae
      disruption in the tissue slices. Because of the sensitivity of the myelin
      lamellae to an acidic microenvironment, it is suggested that a local
      hyperlactemia, with the resulting decrease in interstitial pH, may be a major
      pathological process in cell-mediated inflammatory demyelination.
      Antihyperlactemics may therefore provide a new therapeutic approach to minimizing
      myelin degeneration in multiple sclerosis and in other CNS disorders
      characterized by inflammatory demyelination.

PMID- 3398790
TI  - Neuropharmacologic control of cerebral capillary permeability: current
      implications for therapy of vasogenic brain edema.
AB  - Vasogenic brain edema occurs as a result of a diverse spectrum of central nervous
      system pathology. The fundamental physiologic abnormality of vasogenic brain
      edema is an increase in cerebral capillary permeability. It is hypothesized that
      the recent development of new, potent, synthetic vasopressin antagonists will
      make it possible to impede the formation of vasogenic brain edema by the
      intraventricular administration of such agents with the subsequent inhibition of
      the neural control of brain capillary permeability by the locus ceruleus. The
      action of the vasopressin antagonists should be synergistic with the anti-edema
      effects of central alpha-adrenergic blockade produced by phentolamine. The
      combination of these two modes of therapy is expected to produce an increase in
      intracranial pressure which will require additional forms of medical therapy to
      control, in spite of the overall decrease of brain parenchymal water content.

PMID- 3398792
TI  - The threshold effect: consequences of change in the frequency of food intake in
      the presence of a functional threshold.
AB  - Studies on diseases thought to be diet-induced have so far assumed that the
      effect of a food depends solely on the amount ingested. When the metabolism of a
      food derivative is dependent on a threshold-dependent mechanism this single
      variable assumption is invalid, as the net effect of the derivative will also
      depend on intake frequency. In this paper the consequences of varying intake
      frequency in the presence of a notional threshold are analysed mathematically. It
      is shown that at the low frequency end of the scale relevant to human diet, if a
      metabolic threshold exists then the net effect of a food will be critically
      dependent on intake frequency, and that the effect of changing frequency may
      exceed that produced by even substantial changes in quantum. It is concluded that
      epidemiological studies which have not included data on frequency of intake
      involve a potential error and could be misleading.

PMID- 3398791
TI  - Can water fluoridation increase orthodontic problems?
AB  - Ingestion of fluoride may affect the function of bone-forming and bone-resorbing
      cells leading to its subnormal development. This may result in the overcrowding
      of teeth and other orthodontic problems.

PMID- 3398793
TI  - A possible cure for death.
AB  - Chemical preservation of the brain may prevent death. Life for an individual
      human being is inextricably linked to the existence of his or her mind. It is
      widely accepted that the mind is a product of the functioning of the brain,
      which, according to this view, is nothing more and nothing less than a
      fantastically complicated machine. Chemical preservation of the brain (promptly
      after the cessation of vital functions) preserves not only the neuronal
      configuration but also a great deal of molecular structure. Thus, it is plausible
      that a chemopreserved brain contains within it the information of the design of
      the "brain machine". If so, then technology of the distant future may be able to
      extract that information and construct a new functionally identical brain machine
      (as well as a body), thereby allowing the corresponding individual to wake up and
      live again. It is argued that one's identity is defined by what the brain does
      rather than how it does it or what it does it with, and therefore that
      replacement of one's brain with a functionally identical machine does not affect
      one's identity. Some advantages of chemopreservation relative to cryopreservation
      as a possible means of preventing death are discussed.

PMID- 3398794
TI  - The clinical spectrum of the HIV infection. A working hypothesis.
AB  - Many clinicians have realised that AIDS is only the most dreadful aspect of HIV
      infection. Together with the "asymptomatic carrier" condition, other syndromes
      have been described, including LAS, ARC and Lesser-AIDS. We have developed a
      working hypothesis to explain the natural history of HIV infection, basing our
      assumptions on the international literature and our own experience. We have found
      many analogies and some slight differences between the clinical courses of HIV
      infection and other chronic infections, especially syphilis. It is possible that,
      on clinical grounds, the natural histories of both diseases are so similar as to
      allow us to describe one of them within the scheme of the other. Only careful and
      prolonged clinical observation will solve the problem of the natural history of
      HIV infection and solve the problems which are still present in its
      comprehension.

PMID- 3398795
TI  - Squamous cell cancers and cigarette smoke: a matter of exposure.
AB  - Most of the malignancies associated with tobacco smoke are squamous cell cancers.
      Others have suggested that squamous cell epithelium has a particular
      predisposition to tobacco carcinogenesis. However, other malignancies besides
      squamous cell cancers also have been associated with cigarettes. I hypothesize
      that the key factor which predisposes an organ or tissue to carcinogenesis by
      cigarette smoke is exposure to smoke constituents, either directly or indirectly.
      Squamous cell epithelium has no special biological susceptibility to these
      carcinogens.

PMID- 3398796
TI  - Are your laboratory's cholesterol results reliable enough?

PMID- 3398797
TI  - Blood-pressure levels in children.

PMID- 3398799
TI  - Comparison of Reflotron and laboratory cholesterol measurements.
AB  - Fifty-three patients from a general practice and 33 subjects who were in a
      community-screening promotion underwent total cholesterol level measurements both
      with a portable Reflotron system and by a standardized laboratory procedure. The
      intraclass correlation coefficient between the paired measurements was equal to
      0.956; this suggests that the results of the Reflotron system agreed very closely
      with those of the laboratory procedure. In spite of this agreement, the Reflotron
      instrument, on average, gave lower results than did the laboratory procedure
      (mean difference, -0.164 mmol/L; 95% confidence interval, -0.094 to -0.234
      mmol/L). This difference is small and, in comparison with other sources of
      variation in cholesterol measurement, is unlikely to be important in day-to-day
      clinical practice. However, the difference between the two methods appeared to be
      related to the cholesterol level (larger differences at lower cholesterol
      levels). In large studies, where small differences in cholesterol levels are
      important, this difference should be considered against the obvious convenience
      of rapid portable cholesterol measurements.

PMID- 3398800
TI  - An evaluation of the accuracy of the Reflotron system in the field.
AB  - The Reflotron system (Boehringer-Mannheim, West Germany) is a dry-chemistry
      analyser which has been used in cholesterol screening in the United States and
      Australia. The accuracy and precision of the instrument for use as a screening
      device for whole-blood cholesterol levels have been evaluated in clinical
      settings in both the United States and Australia; however, questions still arise
      from healthy practitioners about its performance in the field. We selected 30
      participants in a community-screening programme to undergo a comparative analysis
      of cholesterol measurement by the Reflotron system compared with two standard
      laboratory procedures (one of which was carried out in a World Health
      Organization accredited laboratory). Analysis of the data showed that, after a
      minimum of training, results can be obtained on the Reflotron system in a
      community setting which are acceptable when compared with results that have been
      obtained on more commonly-used laboratory instruments.

PMID- 3398798
TI  - How accurately does the Reflotron dry-chemistry system measure plasma total
      cholesterol levels when used a community-screening device.
AB  - This study compared the measurements of total cholesterol levels by means of a
      Reflotron dry-chemistry system and a standard laboratory method with the Hitachi
      705 analyser. Simultaneous blood samples were collected by finger-prick and by
      venepuncture from 80 volunteers. The ranges of total cholesterol levels were 3.38
      8.45 mmol/L (Reflotron) and 3.59-8.83 mmol/L (Hitachi). The mean (+/- standard
      deviation [SD]) difference between the two methods was 0.22 +/- 0.30 mmol/L. All
      the subjects provided a second finger-prick sample of blood on the next day to
      assess the reproducibility of the Reflotron system. The mean (+/- SD) cholesterol
      levels that were obtained by the Reflotron method on Day 1 and Day 2 were 5.38 +/
      1.17 mmol/L and 5.30 +/- 1.14 mmol/L, respectively. These results did not differ
      significantly (mean difference, 0.079 mmol/L; standard error, 0.045 mmol/L).
      Provided that the operator is trained appropriately, the Reflotron system gives
      rapid, accurate and reproducible results.

PMID- 3398801
TI  - Blood pressure in schoolchildren measured under standardized conditions.
AB  - The blood pressures of 6346 children who were between the ages of seven and 17
      years were measured under standardized conditions. Blood pressures were similar
      in prepubertal boys and girls. After puberty, the systolic blood pressures of the
      girls remained unchanged whereas those of the boys continued to rise. The
      difference between the fourth and fifth Korotkoff sounds was 2 mm at both the
      50th and 95th percentiles. The systolic blood pressure was observed to fall over
      a 10-min period by 4-9 mmHg at the 50th percentile and 9-15 mmHg at the 95th
      percentile. Over the same period of time, the diastolic blood pressure was seen
      to fall by 2-3 mmHg and 3-6 mmHg at the 50th and 95th percentiles, respectively.
      There was no further fall in blood pressure after 10 min. The conditions and
      timing of measurement are important in blood-pressure evaluation and may explain
      the differences in blood pressure that have been reported for different
      populations.

PMID- 3398803
TI  - Sexual behavioural change in partners of homosexual men infected with human
      immunodeficiency virus.

PMID- 3398802
TI  - The burden of illness that is imposed by drug abuse and the allocation of
      research monies in the field: three views.
AB  - The views of politicians, experts in the field of drug abuse and randomly
      selected members of the community were sought concerning the burden of illness
      that is imposed by the abuse of alcohol, tobacco, narcotic agents, prescribed
      drugs, cocaine, volatile substances, over-the-counter drugs and cannabis.
      Politicians and community members perceived illicit drugs to have the greatest
      associated burden. Experts ranked in descending order alcohol, tobacco, narcotic
      agents, prescribed drugs, cocaine, volatile substances, over-the-counter drugs
      and then cannabis to have the greatest burden of illness. Priorities that were
      perceived by each group for research funding corresponded with their judgements
      of the burden of illness. Experts' views on the burden of illness most closely
      matched the data that are available on drug-associated mortality. It is suggested
      that unless a close correspondence among the views of the three groups is
      present, conflict in regards to allocation of resources is likely.

PMID- 3398804
TI  - On the "Grim Reaper" campaign.

PMID- 3398806
TI  - Policies on workers with AIDS.

PMID- 3398805
TI  - Awareness of AIDS in young high-risk drug abusers.

PMID- 3398807
TI  - Are herbal remedies safe?

PMID- 3398808
TI  - Hyperthermia.

PMID- 3398809
TI  - Prescribing habits of a sample of Victorian general practitioners.

PMID- 3398810
TI  - Does a doctor's dress-style matter?

PMID- 3398812
TI  - [Campylobacter pylori and peptic ulcer].

PMID- 3398811
TI  - Legislative report. 1988 Virginia General Assembly.

PMID- 3398813
TI  - [Rapid decrease in renal function (scleroderma renal crisis) in progressive
      systemic sclerosis treated with immunosuppressive agents].

PMID- 3398814
TI  - [Epithelioid leiomyoma of the stomach].

PMID- 3398815
TI  - [Controversial aspects of the mechanisms for maintaining blood flow in
      cardiopulmonary resuscitation].

PMID- 3398816
TI  - [Factitious hypoglycemia--a form of Munchausen syndrome].

PMID- 3398817
TI  - [Late liver metastasis following surgical removal of a leiomyosarcoma of the
      stomach].

PMID- 3398818
TI  - Behavioral effects of pydrin and ambush in male mice.
AB  - Male Swiss mice, 20-25 g, were utilized to assess the effects of dermal and oral
      administration of the pyrethroid insecticide formulations Pydrin (30%
      fenvalerate) and Ambush (25.6% permethrin). Animals were subjected to a
      conditioned taste aversion procedure using a normally preferred 0.3% saccharin
      solution. Subjects were allowed 30 min access to a drinking syringe containing
      the saccharin solution, followed immediately by the administration of the
      pyrethroid or control solution. Pydrin (0.3, 3.0, or 30 mg/kg orally; 60, 600, or
      1800 mg/kg dermally) and Ambush (0.5, 5.0, or 50 mg/kg orally; 30, or 300 mg/kg
      dermally) produced significant (p less than 0.05) reductions in the percent
      saccharin consumed. Total fluid intake, however, was not significantly altered by
      any of the treatments. The effect of the insecticides on both grouped and
      individual activity was also assessed in 20-25 g male Swiss mice. Activity
      measurements were taken over the 4-hr time period immediately following the
      administration of the pyrethroid or control solution. Pydrin (30 mg/kg orally;
      600 and 1800 mg/kg dermally) and Ambush (50 mg/kg orally; 300 mg/kg dermally)
      significantly (p less than 0.05) increased activity in both grouped and
      individually tested mice. When subjects were individually tested, significant
      increases were seen in non-ambulatory, but not in ambulatory activity. The
      results of this work indicate that administration of the commercially available
      preparations of Pydrin and Ambush in mice at doses that do not induce the tremor
      and choreoathetosis-salivation syndromes usually associated with pyrethroid
      insecticides may result in behavioral changes.

PMID- 3398819
TI  - Effect of prenatal ethanol exposure on response to abrupt reward reduction.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of prenatal ethanol exposure
      on an appetitively-motivated behavioral task (consummatory negative contrast)
      that involves quantification of an animal's response to an abrupt, unexpected
      reduction in reward (sucrose solutions). Pregnant Long-Evans rats received
      isocaloric liquid diets containing either 35% or 0% ethanol-derived calories on
      days 6-20 of gestation. A pair-feeding procedure was employed, and a lab chow
      control group also was included. Adult male offspring from these three prenatal
      treatment groups were used for behavioral testing. Results indicated all groups
      exhibited suppressed responding subsequent to reward reduction. This effect
      gradually diminished in all prenatal treatment groups over several test sessions.
      While there was a numerical tendency for ethanol-exposed offspring to exhibit a
      smaller initial contrast effect (less response inhibition) and recover to control
      levels at a faster rate than the sucrose and lab chow control groups, this effect
      was not statistically significant. Thus, prenatal ethanol exposure does not
      appear to greatly influence the response to abrupt, partial reward reduction in
      adult rat offspring.

PMID- 3398820
TI  - Subchronic neurotoxicity in rats of the structural fumigant, sulfuryl fluoride.
AB  - Inhalation exposure of male and female Fischer 344 rats to sulfuryl fluoride
      [Vikane (Dow Chemical Company) gas fumigant] at 300 ppm for 6 hr/day, 5 days
      week, for 13 weeks caused diminished weight gain, dental fluorosis, a slight
      decrease in grooming, decreased flicker fusion threshold, slowing of flash,
      auditory and somatosensory evoked potentials, mild nasal and pulmonary
      inflammation, mild kidney effects, and mild vacuolation in the brain. Auditory
      brainstem responses (ABRs) and brain histology were evaluated two months
      postexposure in 2 male and 2 female rats. Both the ABRs and brain histology were
      within normal limits at this time, indicating that these treatment effects were,
      to at least a great extent, reversible. Exposure to 100 ppm resulted in dental
      fluorosis and very minor slowing of some evoked responses; all other measures,
      including brain histology, were normal. No treatment effects were noted at 30
      ppm.

PMID- 3398821
TI  - Cadmium exposure in infancy: effects on activity and social behaviors of juvenile
      rats.
AB  - In two experiments male and female infant rats were given single injections of
      cadmium chloride (0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 mg Cd/kg) on Day 5 or 6. Animals receiving the
      3 and 4 mg/kg doses had high mortality rates at weaning; survivors were extremely
      underweight and were not used in postweaning tests. Male subjects receiving 2
      mg/kg in infancy were significantly more active after weaning than littermates
      who had received 0 or 1 mg/kg doses, and on Day 29 they also engaged in
      significantly more rough and tumble play with a nontreated partner than did rats
      in the other groups. This effect of early cadmium exposure was also evident when
      males were tested with similarly treated subjects on Day 44: rats in the 2 mg/kg
      group had higher pinning frequencies than rats in the 0 or 1 mg/kg groups. In
      contrast, females in the 1 and 2 mg/kg groups did not have increased activity or
      rough and tumble play fighting. These data are consistent with the few
      correlational studies in human children which suggest changes in social behaviors
      associated with elevated tissue cadmium levels.

PMID- 3398822
TI  - Commentary: psychopharmacological assessment in neurobehavioral teratology.
AB  - Pharmacological agents can be teratogenic but they can also be valuable tools in
      behavioral teratology. In this paper we describe some considerations we believe
      to be important in the use of psychopharmacology to assess the neurological
      underpinnings of behavioral deficits resulting from teratogenic exposure.
      Pharmacological challenges of animals exposed in utero to teratogenic agents can
      increase the sensitivity of behavioral tests and the specificity of the
      assessment of neural dysfunction. We discuss also some general guidelines for the
      conduct and interpretation of psychopharmacological experiments with teratogen
      exposed animals.

PMID- 3398823
TI  - Acute exposures to p-xylene and toluene alter visual information processing.
AB  - Long-Evans hooded rats were exposed to single doses of toluene (PO) at 0, 250,
      500 and 1000 mg/kg, to p-xylene (PO) at 0, 125, 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg,
      and to inhalation of p-xylene for 4 hr at 0, 800 or 1600 ppm. The functional
      integrity of the visual system was evaluated using flash-evoked potentials
      (FEPs). The data indicated a significant depression in amplitude of FEP peak N3
      at 250 mg/kg and higher dosages of toluene and p-xylene. A similar depression in
      peak N3 amplitude was observed following inhalation exposure to 1600 ppm p
      xylene. The effects produced by oral administration of 500 mg/kg p-xylene or
      toluene lasted at least 8 hr, while the effect of inhaled p-xylene dissipated
      within 75 min of removal from the exposure. FEP peak N3 is presumed to be related
      to arousal, such that increases in arousal from a relaxed state should decrease
      amplitude. Rats administered amphetamine in dosages of 0.6, 1.2 and 2.5 mg/kg
      (known to increase arousal) also had reduced N3 amplitude. The effects of p
      xylene and toluene on FEPs, while indicative of altered processing of visual
      information, may be secondary to changes in arousal or excitability.

PMID- 3398825
TI  - Effects of atropine on respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) in the rhesus macaque.
AB  - Twelve juvenile to adult rhesus macaques were administered atropine sulfate (0,
      14, 44, and 140 mcg/kg IM). The amplitude of the respiratory sinus arrhythmia
      (RSA) in the rhesus macaque was estimated using a Vagal Tone Monitor (VTM). The
      estimate of RSA (termed V; vagal tone) was significantly reduced for nearly 3 hr
      after all doses of atropine, suggesting possible central nervous system effects.
      Heart period (R-R interval) was reduced briefly after dosing. Overall heart
      period variability (HPV) was depressed after all doses of atropine. The amount of
      atropine required to decrease HPV and V by 30% was similar to that reported for
      the human. The rhesus monkey was determined to have little resting vagal tone as
      estimated by V. A large slow wave oscillation contributed to the overall
      variability in heart period. It is concluded that the rhesus monkey exhibits a
      similar sensitivity to atropine as did the human and, therefore, provides a
      useful model for the study of cholinergic drug actions and their effects on RSA.

PMID- 3398824
TI  - Detection limits of different approaches in behavioral teratology, and
      correlation of effects with neurochemical parameters.
AB  - Five laboratories collaborated in the evaluation of detection limits of different
      testing concepts in behavioral teratology. In one laboratory, rat dams were
      treated by gavage with five doses of methylmercury (0.0, 0.25, 0.05, 0.5, and 5.0
      mg/kg/day). The treatment period was restricted to days 6 to 9 of gestation. The
      usual reproduction parameters were assessed in the dams. The offspring (88-99 per
      group) were subjected to a routine developmental and behavioral testing battery.
      After completion of these tests, random samples of the animals were further
      investigated in four other laboratories using the following techniques: auditory
      startle habituation, visual discrimination and figure-8 activity monitor; wheel
      shaped activity monitor and spatial alternation operant conditioning; two
      compartment locomotor activity, passive avoidance and male ultrasonic
      vocalization during sexual behavior; assays of the weight of different brain
      areas, their glial fibrillary acidic (GFA) protein and S-100 protein
      concentration. The following dose-dependent effects were noted in ascending dose
      sensitivity order: delayed vaginal opening; increased and more variable
      passiveness in spatial alternation; impaired swimming behavior, increased GFA
      protein concentration in the cerebellar vermis; increased auditory startle
      amplitude, decreased intertrial interval pokes in the visual discrimination test,
      increased percentage of visits in passive area of figure-8 activity monitor,
      increased path iteration frequencies and decreased local activity in the wheel
      shaped activity monitor, decreased locomotor activity in the two-compartment
      monitor, increased cerebellar vermis weight, and decreased S-100 protein in the
      hippocampus. Therefore, this study showed comparable sensitivities for the
      behavioral testing battery, for some automated multiparametric test systems and
      for the neurochemical assays.

PMID- 3398826
TI  - Prenatal ethanol exposure in C57 mice: effects on pregnancy and offspring
      development.
AB  - Pregnant mice were fed lab chow or isocaloric liquid diets containing different
      concentrations of ethanol or sucrose from Day 5 through Day 17 of gestation.
      Ethanol added to the diet reduced ad lib consumption compared to that of the diet
      with sucrose. The reduced consumption was accompanied by an attenuated weight
      gain during pregnancy. The attenuated weight gain, however, was not specific to
      alcohol as evidenced by an equivalent attenuation for sucrose controls pair-fed
      to the ethanol group. Prenatal ethanol exposure increased neonatal mortality
      which appeared to be unrelated to the prenatal attenuated weight gain or to
      postnatal nurturance. Surviving offspring, reared by their biological mothers,
      had body weights similar to controls at birth and during lactation. However, in
      contrast to previous reports, mice prenatally exposed to ethanol manifested
      weight reductions near weaning that extended into adulthood (60 days). In spite
      of the increased mortality and reduced body weight, motor activity assessed by
      either longitudinal or cross-sectional methods was not influenced by the
      treatments. Possible mechanisms for the delayed weight reduction include retarded
      maturation and/or dysfunction of neural systems involving food regulation.

PMID- 3398827
TI  - An ethologist's approach to behavioural toxicology.
AB  - Ethology, the biology of behaviour, is briefly introduced, and a review is
      presented of two ethological methods applied to toxicology. (1) When elements in
      the behaviour of rats in a social situation are objectively observed, chemically
      induced changes in several kinds of behaviour can be detected at low doses.
      Changes are specific and repeatable in long-term experiments. Effects of nicotine
      at a 'smoking' dose, or trichloroethylene at the Threshold Limit Value, were
      reversible; limited tolerance developed to methyl mercury dicyandiamide. (2) An
      'Exploration-Thirst' method is simple enough for use as a screen. It was compared
      with conventional toxicological methods for 30 compounds in routine screening (20
      acute intraperitoneal, 10 subacute inhalation). Both ethological methods are
      sensitive enough to estimate 'no-effect' doses. They also distinguish non
      specific toxic effects (consistent with the animal's equivalent of 'feeling ill')
      from various more specific CNS effects comparable to those of human experience.

PMID- 3398828
TI  - The effects of low-level carbon monoxide exposure upon evoked cortical potentials
      in young and elderly men.
AB  - The neurophysiological effects of acute, low-level carbon monoxide (CO) exposure
      are not well known. This experiment investigated the effects of a 5%
      carboxyhemoglobin level upon two indices of neurophysiological function, reaction
      time and the late positive component of the visual evoked potential in young and
      elderly men. Results indicated (1) no effects of CO upon any of the
      neurophysiological indices and (2) greater absorption of CO by young than by
      elderly men. These results, along with those of other studies, indicate that
      acute, low-level CO exposure is probably not neurotoxic, in normal, healthy men.

PMID- 3398829
TI  - [Focal lesions in infantile spasms].
AB  - Among 174 cases of infantile spasms examined by CT-scan between January 80 and
      December 85, 17 (9.8%) had a focal lesion without microcephaly. It consisted of
      an angioma (1 case), a cortical dysplasia (1 case) and porencephalic lesions (15
      cases). In 11 cases with porencephaly, an acute event had occurred between 28
      weeks of gestation and 3 months of life. In 7 cases, the lesion extended to the
      major part of one hemisphere. In the 10 others, it was localized either to the
      rolandic or to the temporo-occipital regions. In all the cases, the lesion
      concerned at least one of these areas. It involved the cortex in 15 cases but in
      the 2 others it seemed to only concern the white matter. The lesion was on the
      left in 14 cases. After steroids, the epilepsy recurred in 6 cases of which 5
      involved the frontal lobe (P less than 0.05). This study seems to show that it is
      mainly the rolandic and the temporo-occipital areas that favour the occurrence of
      infantile spasms, whereas extension to the frontal area is responsible of a later
      partial epilepsy.

PMID- 3398830
TI  - [Sleep abnormalities and evoked potentials (VEP-BAER-SEP) in progressive
      supranuclear palsy].
AB  - Few physiological studies have been performed in PSP. We studied: sleep
      abnormalities in 36 h polygraphic recordings; changes of PEV after pattern
      reversal stimulation, of BAER and of short latency SEP after stimulation of the
      median nerve. The population was for the 1st group: 18 patients with full typical
      symptomatology, for the 2nd group: 7 patients with likely diagnose of PSP and for
      the 3rd group: 10 normal subjects as control sample. All patients of the 1st
      group had sleep abnormalities: decrease of total sleep time; decrease of the
      percentage of REM sleep; morphological abnormalities (specially horizontal ocular
      square wave jerks). Detail is given of the repartition of such abnormalities in
      the two groups of patients. There is no correlation between sleep abnormalities
      and the natural history of the disease. The PEV and BAER, abnormalities were
      present in 50% of the cases. The PES were always normal. The help that can be
      provided by electrophysiological studies in the diagnose of PSP is discussed
      (particularly in group 2).

PMID- 3398831
TI  - [Electrophysiological study of attention mechanisms in depressed patients with
      characteristics of psychomotor retardation].
AB  - The ERPs and RTs of 8 drug-free depressed in-patients (mean age 58, with marked
      psycho-motor retardation) were recorded during a dichotic listening RT task and
      compared to those of 9 healthy, age-matched controls. The depressed showed
      significantly longer, more variable RTs than the controls and made more mistakes.
      Their ERPs for targets in the attended ear differed significantly from those of
      the controls by the small amplitude (or absence) of the N2 vertex component
      elicited by the controls in such a situation and by the presence in the same
      situation of a late frontal slow negativity (LFN) that did not show up in the
      grand average ERP of the control group. These results were discussed in terms of
      the two components of the processing negativity described by Naatanen (1982,
      1985) and according to resource models: whereas the controls would perform
      quickly this easy task thanks to quasi-automatic matching processes (reflected by
      the vertex N2), the depressed would need further effortful, controlled processing
      (reflected by the LFN) in order to perform the same task. The ERPs of 6 of these
      depressed were recorded a second time, after anti-depressive treatment and
      clinical improvement. A tendency to improved RTs and ERPs (amplitude decrease of
      the LFN and increase of N2) was seen in most patients, but these improvements
      were far from being as marked as the clinical improvement.

PMID- 3398832
TI  - Effects of inhibition of ornithine aminotransferase or of general
      aminotransferases on urea and citrulline synthesis and on the levels of
      acetylglutamate in isolated rat hepatocytes.
AB  - Canaline and gabaculine, inhibitors of gamma-aminotransferases and thus of
      ornithine aminotransferase (E.C. 2.6.1.13), decreased the flow through ornithine
      carbamoyl transferase (E.C. 2.1.3.3) in isolated rat hepatocytes incubated with
      10 mM NH4Cl and ornithine. The levels of acetylglutamate, an essential activator
      of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase (ammonia) (E.C. 6.3.4.16), were also decreased,
      suggesting that the inhibitors had also caused a decrease in the rate of
      carbamoyl phosphate synthesis. Under these conditions, ornithine appears to be a
      precursor of acetylglutamate, via ornithine aminotransferase, possibly as a
      consequence of glutamate synthesis. The influence of aminooxyacetate, an
      aminotransferase inhibitor, has also been examined.

PMID- 3398833
TI  - D-3-hydroxybutyrate metabolism in the perfused rat heart.
AB  - The utilization of D-3-HB and the production of acetoacetate by the perfused rat
      heart were investigated over a wide range of DL-3-HB concentrations. The rate of
      D-3-HB utilization is concentration dependent, and shows saturation kinetics. The
      oxidized amount of D-3-HB when D-3-HB as a sole substrate, accounts at a maximum
      for 50% of the total oxygen consumption, which suggest the contribution of the
      endogenous substrate as fuel source along with D-3-HB. The proportion of the D-3
      HB consumed that is oxidized rather than released as acetoacetate increases from
      70% to 93% as the concentration of D-3-HB falls from 6.99 mM to 0.30 mM.

PMID- 3398834
TI  - The migration of labeled phosphatidylcholine from the nuclear-associated
      endoplasmic reticulum to plasma membranes in L-929 cells.
AB  - The nuclear-associated endoplasmic reticulum of L-929 cells was found to contain
      the highest amount of labeled phosphatidylcholine after a 60 min incubation with
      14C-choline. Radioactivity was otherwise distributed relatively evenly among
      other membrane-containing organelles (nuclei, mitochondria, plasma membranes and
      endoplasmic reticulum membranes). During a 120 min chase following removal of
      isotope and addition of cold choline chloride, there was a considerable reduction
      in labeled phosphatidylcholine in the NER and nuclei. The decrease in
      radioactivity in these fractions was matched by an almost identical increase in
      the fraction containing mitochondria and plasma membranes. Separation of
      mitochondria and plasma membranes by centrifugation on discontinuous gradients
      showed that 14C-choline labeled phosphatidylcholine appeared most rapidly in the
      plasma membranes. The results indicate that phospholipid molecules migrate within
      a short period of time from their site of synthesis in the NER to plasma
      membranes.

PMID- 3398835
TI  - Characterization of Novikoff hepatoma small RNAs homologous to repetitive DNAs.
AB  - Three minor small RNA species from Novikoff hepatoma cells, with homology to
      repetitive DNA sequences, have been identified and characterized. These small
      RNAs, designated 5.1S, 6S and T3 RNAs, show homology to Alu 1, Alu 2, and Alu 3
      sequences, respectively. 6S and T3 RNAs were found both in the nucleus and
      cytoplasm, whereas 5.1S RNA was not found in the nucleus. Neural tissues were
      found to contain a 6S-sized BC1 RNA with homology to I.D. sequences; in contrast,
      the current study shows that Novikoff hepatoma cells contain a 75-80 nucleotide
      long (T3) RNA, homologous to I.D. sequences. These data suggest that BC1 and T3
      small RNAs, homologous to I.D. sequences, are expressed in a tissue-specific
      manner. These results also show that in addition to the abundant 7SL, 4.5S and
      4.5S1 RNAs having homology to repetitive DNA, Novikoff hepatoma cells also
      contain several minor small RNAs with homology to repetitive sequences.

PMID- 3398837
TI  - Cardiac lipoprotein lipase: effects of lipopolysaccharide and tumor necrosis
      factor.
AB  - Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the active principle of certain endotoxins, protein
      free perfused in rat hearts leads in 3 h to a considerable loss of lipoprotein
      lipase (LPL) activity. In the presence of albumin LPS has virtually no effect.
      Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) added instead of LPS had no effects on LPL activity
      during 3 h in vitro perfusion. LPS injected into rats intravenously leads within
      3 h to severe toxic phenomena amongst which increased capillary permeability.
      This was visualized as increased rate of interstitial fluid formation in
      Langendorff hearts mounted 3 h after rats had been treated with LPS. LPL activity
      did not decline in 3 h lasting endotoxemia. Six hours after LPS injection,
      however, cardiac LPL activity was considerably lowered, although immunoblotting
      and immunohistochemistry still showed LPL protein to be present. These date
      indicate the presence of a considerable pool of inactive LPL protein in addition
      to active LPL, that can be released in the presence of heparin. The LPL activity
      is lowered by LPS injection after a lag phase of at least 3 h, while capillary
      endothelial cells are influenced more rapidly. The relatively late expression of
      TNF toxicity in cardiomyocytes of the intact heart is discussed.

PMID- 3398836
TI  - Hexokinase microheterogeneity in rabbit red blood cells and its behaviour during
      reticulocytes maturation.
AB  - Hexokinase in rabbit reticulocytes is present in two molecular forms (hexokinase
      Ia and Ib) separable by ion-exchange chromatography on DE-52 columns. By the use
      of ion-exchange HPLC we have been able to show that the isozymic form we
      previously called hexokinase Ia can be resolved into two peaks of activity one of
      which is (Ia) soluble, the other (Ia*) particulate. Hexokinase Ia* can be
      solubilized by detergents like saponine and Triton X-100 and disappears during
      'in vivo' reticulocytes maturation. This new hexokinase microheterogeneity is not
      caused by different oxidized forms of the enzyme nor influenced by the presence
      of proteolytic inhibitors during lysate preparation.

PMID- 3398838
TI  - Circular dichroic and fluorescence spectroscopic study of the conformation of
      botulinum neurotoxin types A and E.
AB  - Botulinum neurotoxin (NT) is synthesized by Clostridium botulinum in any of seven
      antigenically distinct forms, called types A through G. Protease(s) endogenous to
      the bacteria, or trypsin, nicks the single chain protein to a dichain molecule
      which generally is more toxic. The conformation of dichain type A (nicked by
      endogenous protease), single chain type E, and dichain type E NT (nicked by
      trypsin) have been determined using circular dichroism (CD) and fluorescence
      spectroscopy. The high degree of ordered secondary structure (alpha helix 28%,
      beta sheet 42%, total 70%) found in type A NT at pH 6.0 was similar to that found
      at pH 9.0 (alpha 22%, beta 47%, total 69%). The secondary structure of the single
      chain type E NT at pH 6.0 (alpha 18%, beta 37%, total 55%) differed somewhat from
      these values at pH 9.0 (alpha 22%, beta 43%, total 65%). The dichain type E NT at
      pH 6.0 assumed a secondary structure (alpha 20%, beta 47%, total 67%) more
      similar to that of dichain type A than the single chain type E NT. Examination
      with the fluorogenic probe toluidine napthalene sulfonate revealed that the
      hydrophobicity of the type A and E NTs were higher at pH 9.0 than at pH 6.0.
      Also, the hydrophobicity of the dichain type E NT was higher than its precursor
      the single chain protein and appeared similar to that of the dichain type A NT.
      The CD and fluorescence studies indicate that conversion of the single chain type
      E NT to the dichain form (i.e. nicking by trypsin) induced changes in
      conformation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3398839
TI  - High malic enzyme activity in tumor cells and its cross-reaction with anti-pigeon
      liver malic enzyme serum.
AB  - Rabbit antibodies against pigeon liver malic enzyme (EC 1.1.1.40) were prepared.
      The antiserum gave single precipitation line with crude pigeon liver extract.
      Cross reaction was observed with partially purified malic enzyme or crude extract
      from chicken liver. Positive cross reaction was also observed with the
      concentrated cytosolic fraction of two human carcinoma cell lines which were
      demonstrated to contain high malic enzyme activity. All other proteins examined
      did not react with the antibodies. When purified pigeon liver malic enzyme was
      mixed with the antiserum in vitro, a time-dependent inactivation of the enzyme
      activity was observed. Protection of the enzyme activity against antiserum
      inactivation was afforded by NADP+ or L-malate. Metal Mn2+ gave little
      protection.

PMID- 3398840
TI  - A single domain of the estrogen receptor confers deoxyribonucleic acid binding
      and transcriptional activation of the rat prolactin gene.
AB  - Binding of ligand to the estrogen receptor, a member of the steroid receptor gene
      family, rapidly increases PRL gene transcription. A 15 base pair core sequence
      5'TTGTCACTATGTCCT-3' greater than 1.5 kilobase upstream from the rat PRL gene
      transcription start site is necessary for receptor binding, demonstrates
      interaction with the receptor DNA binding domain, and confers estrogen
      regulation. Transient cotransfection of expression plasmids encoding mutant
      estrogen receptors with a luciferase reporter plasmid under regulation of the rat
      PRL estrogen regulatory element were used to investigate the minimal information
      necessary and sufficient for activation of gene transcription. These analyses
      confirmed the absolute requirement for the receptor DNA binding domain in
      positive regulation of transcription, and revealed that removal of amino-terminal
      domains reduced, but did not abolish transcriptional effects. In contrast,
      truncation of the receptor immediately carboxy-terminal to the DNA binding domain
      resulted in constitutive activation of the receptor. The observations that
      removal of the steroid binding domain results in a constitutively active
      transcriptional factor, and that the amino-terminal domains are not required for
      transcriptional effect provides evidence that for two members of the steroid
      receptor gene family (the glucocorticoid and estrogen receptors), a relatively
      short DNA binding domain is sufficient for transcriptional activation. These
      results are likely to be prototypic for other members of this family of
      transcriptional factors.

PMID- 3398841
TI  - Cloning of the human thyrotropin beta-subunit gene and transient expression of
      biologically active human thyrotropin after gene transfection.
AB  - A 17 kilobase pair fragment of DNA containing the human TSH (hTSH) beta-subunit
      gene was isolated from a human leukocyte genomic library. Using a 621 base pair
      human CG alpha-subunit cDNA and a 2.0 kilobase pair genomic fragment of hTSH beta
      containing both coding exons, we constructed hCG alpha and hTSH beta expression
      vectors containing either the early promoter of simian virus 40 or the promoters
      of adeno-associated virus. Cotransfection of two adeno-associated virus vectors,
      each containing one subunit of hTSH, together with a plasmid containing the
      adenovirus VA RNA genes produced hTSH as well as free human alpha- and TSH beta
      subunits in an adenovirus transformed human embryonal kidney cell line (293). The
      levels of protein expression in this system were 10- to 100-fold greater than
      that found in a simian virus transformed monkey kidney cell line (COS) using
      vectors containing the early promoter of simian virus 40. The hTSH synthesized in
      293 cells was glycosylated as indicated by complete binding to concanavalin A
      Sepharose but was larger in apparent molecular weight than a standard hTSH
      preparation on gel chromatography suggesting an altered glycosylation pattern.
      However, it was immunologically and biologically indistinguishable from two
      pituitary hTSH standards in an immunoradiometric and in vitro iodide trapping
      assay, respectively.

PMID- 3398842
TI  - Insulin-like growth factor II messenger ribonucleic acids are synthesized in the
      choroid plexus of the rat brain.
AB  - Previous studies demonstrating the presence of immunoreactive insulin-like growth
      factors (IGFs) and their receptors in the brain suggest a role of the IGFs in the
      central nervous system. IGF-II has been implicated as the predominant IGF in
      brain of mature animals based on studies of immunoreactive peptide and of IGF-II
      mRNAs. To obtain information about the sites of synthesis of IGF-II in adult rat
      brain, a 32P-labeled 31 base long synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotide
      complementary in sequence to trailer peptide coding sequences in rat IGF-II mRNA
      (IGF-II 31 mer) was hybridized with coronal sections of fixed rat brain. The IGF
      II 31 mer showed specific hybridization with the choroid plexus throughout rat
      brain, whereas in other brain regions, structures or cells, hybridization was not
      discernibly above background. These findings suggest that the choroid plexus is a
      primary site of synthesis of IGF-II, a probable source of IGF-II in cerebrospinal
      fluid, and a potential source of IGF-II for actions on target cells within the
      adult rat brain.

PMID- 3398843
TI  - Multiple human progesterone receptor messenger ribonucleic acids and their
      autoregulation by progestin agonists and antagonists in breast cancer cells.
AB  - We have used AB-52, a monoclonal antibody which recognizes both the A (94,000
      daltons) and B (120,000 daltons) proteins of human progesterone receptors (hPR),
      and hPR-50, a PR complementary DNA probe isolated from a T47D-pcD library, to
      study the structure and hormonal regulation of the hPR mRNAs and proteins in
      human breast cancer cells. RNA blot hybridization analysis of poly(A+) RNA shows
      that T47DCO, an estrogen resistant human breast tumor cell line in which PR are
      constitutively expressed, contain at least six PR mRNAs ranging in size from 2.5
      to 11.4 kilobases. All six are mature cytoplasmic messages that are also present
      in normal human endometrium and in PR-positive MCF-7 breast cancer cells, but not
      in PR-negative cells. Using hPR-50 RNA synthesized in vitro as a 1.3 kilobase
      standard, we calculate that MCF-7 cells contain approximately 16 message
      molecules per cell which are increased to approximately 45 by estradiol
      treatment; T47DCO cells contain approximately 90 message molecules per cell
      constitutively expressed. Treatment of T47DCO cells with progesterone leads to
      down-regulation of immunoreactive A- and B-receptors in the first 8-12 h,
      followed by their replenishment during the next 48 h. In parallel, hPR message
      levels initially decrease and then return to pretreatment levels. The synthetic
      progestin R5020 chronically down-regulates A- and B-receptors; the proteins are
      profoundly suppressed for at least 48 h, while PR mRNAs fall to less than 15% of
      control. However, with both hormones, parallel changes in protein and message
      levels are observed, suggesting that progestational agonists autoregulate the
      levels of their own receptors by inhibiting transcription of the PR gene.
      Antagonists appear to have different effects. With the antiprogestin RU 486 there
      is discordance between hPR protein and message levels which may be due to an
      ineffective inhibitory interaction between the antagonist-occupied receptors and
      PR genes, thereby disrupting the negative feedback loop.

PMID- 3398844
TI  - Glucocorticoid regulation of the genes encoding thymidine kinase, thymidylate
      synthase, and ornithine decarboxylase in P1798 cells.
AB  - The expression of a number of genes was measured in P1798 cells treated for
      various periods of time with 0.1 microM dexamethasone. Thymidine kinase (TK)
      activity decreased under these conditions with 50% inhibition achieved within
      approximately 8 h. Decreased TK activity was associated with reduced abundance of
      TK mRNA. Analysis of nuclear transcription indicated that this was attributable
      to a decrease in the number of RNA polymerase II molecules engaged in
      transcription of the TK gene. With respect to TK, there was an overall
      correlation between enzyme activity, mRNA, and nuclear transcription. The data
      are consistent with the hypothesis that glucocorticoid inhibition of expression
      of TK is primarily due to inhibition of transcription. Transcription of the TK
      gene was also reduced by greater than 90% after inhibition of protein synthesis
      for 6 h. This suggests that transcription of this gene requires a protein of
      short biological half-life. It is proposed that this hypothetical transcription
      factor is regulated by glucocorticoids. The amount of thymidylate synthase and
      dihydrofolate reductase remained constant for at least 24 h in dexamethasone
      treated P1798 cells. Dihydrofolate reductase mRNA likewise remained constant.
      However, the mRNA encoding thymidylate synthase decreased 80-90% within 24 h. The
      mRNA encoding ornithine decarboxylase also decreased. In neither case did this
      appear to be primarily due to inhibition of transcription of the respective
      genes. The abundance of the mRNAs encoding hypozanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl
      transferase and phosphoglycerate kinase did not decrease in dexamethasone-treated
      cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3398845
TI  - Abnormalities of the human growth hormone gene and protooncogenes in some human
      pituitary adenomas.
AB  - Hypersecretion of human GH (hGH) or PRL by human pituitary adenomas is not under
      normal homeostatic control despite normal receptor function mediating the
      regulatory effects of hypothalamic peptides for these trophic hormones. This
      implies that the defects underlying hormonal hypersecretion may not reside at the
      plasma membrane of the adenoma cell; instead, dysregulation may reside at the
      hormone gene level. To investigate this, genomic DNA derived from a prolactinoma
      and a hGH-secreting adenoma were digested with the restriction endonuclease EcoRI
      and the methylation sensitive restriction endonuclease HpaII and hybridized with
      the 32P-labeled genomic hGH (2.6 kilobase) probe. Our data revealed
      hypomethylation of genes of the hGH family (hGH and chorionic somatomammotropin)
      in the absence of gross abnormalities such as gene translocation. In a similar
      analysis using a 32P-labeled probe consisting of the EcoRI-BamHI (500 base pair)
      fragment in the 5'-flanking region upstream of the first exon of the hGH gene,
      hypomethylation of this specific site of the hGH genes was observed. These
      results are consistent with the concept that hypomethylation of genes is involved
      in gene expression. At the same time, protooncogene abnormalities in these
      adenomas were investigated to delineate any genetic basis for their neoplastic
      growth. Genomic DNA of adenomas were subjected to Southern blotting analysis
      using a panel of protooncogene probes. Amplification of the v-fos gene was
      observed in one prolactinoma. The significance of this observation is discussed.

PMID- 3398846
TI  - Isolation of two molecular weight variants of the mouse growth hormone receptor.
AB  - GH receptors (GHRs) have been shown by affinity cross-linking to be present in
      late pregnant mouse liver microsomes in three forms with cross-linked mol wts of
      125,000, 62,000, and 56,000. The two lower mol wt forms of the receptor were
      partially purified by bovine GH-affinity chromatography of 3-[(3
      cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propane-sulfonate-solubilized extracts of late
      pregnant mouse hepatic microsomes. The GHRs were identified from the partially
      purified receptor preparation and isolated by preparative sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The isolated GHRs had mol wts of 40,700 and
      37,500, as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis under reducing conditions. Enzymatic cleavage of N-linked
      glycosylation from the isolated GHRs reduced their apparent mol wts to 33,600 and
      30,900, respectively. Sixteen of the amino-terminal 17 amino acid residues of the
      two isolated receptors were sequenced and determined to be identical. One amino
      acid residue in each of the proteins, at position 14, could not be identified.
      Rabbit polyclonal antiserum was produced against the isolated GHRs. The resulting
      antiserum precipitated the isolated 40,700 and 37,500 mol wt proteins as well as
      cross-linked mouse GHRs (including the high mol wt form of the receptor).
      However, the antiserum did not inhibit the binding of mouse GH to either membrane
      bound or 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl) dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate-solubilized
      GHRs.

PMID- 3398847
TI  - v-myc alters the response of a cloned mouse mammary epithelial cell line to
      lactogenic hormones.
AB  - Several oncogenes have now been implicated in mammary carcinogenesis. We
      investigated the phenotypic effects of expressing three representative oncogenes
      in mammary epithelial cells. v-myc (coding for a nuclear protein), v-Ha-ras (a G
      protein homologue) and v-fgr (a tyrosine kinase) genes were introduced into the
      nontumorigenic clone 14 of the mouse mammary epithelial cell line COMMA-1D. Their
      effects upon growth and differentiation were determined. Anchorage-independent
      growth was induced by all three oncogenes with low efficiency. v-Ha-ras and v-fgr
      induced tumorigenicity in nude mice. The effect of oncogenes upon parameters
      unique to mammary epithelial cells in vitro was assayed. Both v-myc and v-fgr
      abolished the ability of clone 14 to grow as three-dimensional branching
      structures in hydrated collagen gel. v-fgr completely and v-myc partially
      inhibited the expression of the epithelium specific cytokeratins. Clone 14 can be
      induced to produce the beta-casein milk protein by the combination of the
      lactogenic hormones, dexamethasone, insulin, and PRL. Introduction of v-myc into
      clone 14 cells resulted in an estimated 50-fold increased induction of beta
      casein protein and at least a 60-fold increase in beta-casein mRNA. The number of
      cells stained with anti-beta casein antibodies also showed a 10-fold increase
      after v-myc introduction. This still required the synergistic action of all three
      lactogenic hormones. Thus v-myc can alter the normal response of mammary
      epithelial cells to lactogenic hormones.

PMID- 3398848
TI  - In vitro interaction of estradiol receptor with Ca2+-calmodulin.
AB  - Estradiol receptor (ER) activity requires interaction with hormone and specific
      DNA sequence. We now report that this receptor also interacts with calmodulin
      (CaM), the major intracellular mediator of Ca2+ action in eucaryotic cells. This
      interaction has been observed using both CaM-Sepharose and [125I]CaM. Crude and
      purified [3H]ER complex show high affinity interaction with CaM-Sepharose
      [dissociation constant (Kd) 0.12 and 0.16 nM, respectively]. Unoccupied receptor
      shows a similar high affinity interaction. Tamoxifen-ER complex also binds to CaM
      Sepharose. Several findings show that this CaM-ER interaction is very specific:
      lack of this interaction has been observed in the presence of trifluoperazine, an
      inhibitor of protein binding to CaM; the receptor binds neither Sepharose, nor
      parvalbumin-Sepharose; competition of interaction of [3H]ER complex with CaM
      Sepharose is observed by cold ER complex; rat liver glucocorticoid receptor does
      not bind to CaM-Sepharose. The interaction of purified receptor with 125I-labeled
      CaM has been detected by various techniques: centrifugation through sucrose
      gradient of CaM incubated with receptor shows that CaM binds to a protein forming
      a complex sedimenting at 5 S. This complex is shifted to the 7.5 S region by a
      monoclonal antireceptor antibody. Incubation of CaM with receptor followed by
      sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis fluorography of the
      immunoprecipitated receptor shows that [125I]CaM coprecipitates with the
      receptor. Competition of this interaction by an excess of cold CaM is observed.
      Interaction of the receptor with CaM is also observed by the overlay
      technique.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3398849
TI  - Cloning and sequencing of the 52K cathepsin D complementary deoxyribonucleic acid
      of MCF7 breast cancer cells and mapping on chromosome 11.
AB  - Two lambda gt11 libraries containing complementary DNAs from human breast cancer
      MCF7 cells were screened by expression with monoclonal antibodies to the secreted
      52K protein and with a 36-mer oligonucleotide derived from the N-terminal amino
      acid sequence of the secreted 52K protein. Four overlapping clones were
      sequenced, and found to be extensively homologous to the cathepsin D of normal
      human kidney, except for 5-point mutations resulting in one amino acid change
      (Ala to Val) in the profragment of cathepsin D. Northern blot analysis showed the
      2.2 kilobase (kb) cathepsin D mRNA to be induced by estradiol in MCF7 cells and
      produced constitutively at high levels in the estrogen-receptor-negative BT20
      cell line. A simple restriction pattern consistent with the restriction map of
      cathepsin D cDNA was obtained in Southern blot analysis of MCF7 cell DNA. In situ
      hybridization of the 52K-9 cDNA probe on normal lymphocytes assigned the 52K
      cathepsin D gene at the extremity of the short arm of chromosome 11, in the p15
      band, close to the H-ras gene and in the region whose deletion increases the risk
      of invasive breast cancer. We conclude that the estrogen induced 52K protein has
      the same sequence as normal pro-cathepsin D and we propose that the 52K protein
      correspond to the only pro-cathepsin D expressed in MCF7 cells.

PMID- 3398850
TI  - The glycoprotein alpha-subunit is critical for secretion and stability of the
      human thyrotropin beta-subunit.
AB  - TSH is a member of a family of heterodimeric glycoprotein hormones which have a
      common alpha-subunit but differ in their hormone-specific beta-subunit. To study
      the posttranslational processing and assembly of human TSH, eukaryotic expression
      vectors were constructed that contained either the human TSH beta gene only or
      both the TSH beta and alpha-genes. These vectors were transfected into Chinese
      hamster ovary cells and stable cell lines synthesizing TSH beta or TSH dimer were
      isolated. The kinetics of secretion of TSH beta and the rate of assembly of TSH
      dimer were compared to the known secretion and assembly of human LH and human CG.
      In the absence of the alpha-subunit, CG beta is secreted efficiently, but TSH and
      LH beta-subunits are slowly degraded intracellularly (t1/2 approximately equal to
      6 h) and less than 10% is secreted into the medium. In the presence of the alpha
      subunit CG beta was also secreted efficiently as dimer but only 50% of the LH
      beta appeared in the medium as LH dimer. However, unlike LH beta, the alpha
      subunit efficiently combines with TSH beta since greater than 95% was secreted as
      TSH dimer. Thus, the determinants for human TSH beta secretion and assembly are
      unique from the other human glycoprotein hormone beta-subunits.

PMID- 3398851
TI  - Insulin-like growth factor-I messenger ribonucleic acid in the developing human
      placenta and in term placenta of diabetics.
AB  - Fetal growth and development are dependent upon the growth and development of the
      placenta. Control of placental growth and development is little understood.
      Immunoreactive insulin-like growth factor-I and -II (IGF-I and IGF-II) have been
      shown to be released by human placental tissue and human placental membranes have
      been observed to contain specific receptors for these growth factors.
      Furthermore, we have demonstrated the presence of IGF-II mRNA transcripts in the
      developing human placenta and at gestational term in placentae of diabetics.
      Thus, the IGFs may have a regulatory role in the growth and development of the
      placenta via autocrine and/or paracrine mechanism(s) of action. In this report we
      demonstrate the presence of four differing size species of placental poly(A)+ RNA
      which specifically hybridize to an IGF-I probe originally isolated from an adult
      human liver cDNA library and localize IGF-I and IGF-II mRNA to
      syncytiotrophoblasts and fibroblasts, respectively, of the placenta by in situ
      hybridization. The major transcript is 7500 bases in size and the remaining three
      transcripts are 5000, 1100, and 900 bases in length with no apparent changes from
      these sizes throughout gestation and at term in diabetics. Quantification by
      densitometry of placental IGF-I mRNA detected by dot blot hybridization indicated
      that first and second trimester placentae each express more IGF-I mRNA relative
      to that expressed in placenta at term. These results suggest that there are
      developmental changes in the relative amount of IGF-I mRNA expressed in the human
      placenta. IGF-I is, therefore, most likely important early in gestation as a
      placental growth factor. This time period is critical for fetal development and
      growth, when embryonic induction, organogenesis, and rapid cell proliferation
      occur.

PMID- 3398852
TI  - Estrogen regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor messenger ribonucleic
      acid.
AB  - Previous studies have demonstrated that 17 beta-estradiol (E2) causes a 3-fold
      increase in epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors in uterine membranes. We now
      report that the increase in uterine EGF receptor levels is due to an increase in
      the steady-state levels of EGF receptor mRNA. After a single E2 injection, EGF
      receptor mRNA levels, as determined by RNA blots, increase 3- to 4-fold between 1
      and 3 h, remain elevated at 6 h, and decline between 12 and 18 h. The effect is
      specific for E2 since the nonestrogenic hormones progesterone, dexamethasone, 5
      alpha-dihydrotestosterone, and the inactive stereoisomer of E2, 17 alpha
      estradiol, are without effect. E2-Mediated increases in EGF receptor mRNA levels
      are blocked by actinomycin D but not by puromycin. Taken together, these results
      indicate that E2 regulates the level of EGF receptor by increasing the steady
      state concentration of EGF receptor mRNA in vivo.

PMID- 3398853
TI  - Ligand-modulated regulation of progesterone receptor messenger ribonucleic acid
      and protein in human breast cancer cell lines.
AB  - We have examined the effects of estrogen and progestin agonist and antagonist
      ligands on regulation of progesterone receptor (PR) protein and mRNA levels in a
      variety of human breast cancer cell lines. By Northern blot analysis, using human
      PR cDNA probes, PR mRNA in T47D and MCF-7 cells appears as five species of
      approximately 11.4, 5.8, 5.3, 3.5, and 2.8 kilobases. PR mRNA species are not
      detected in the PR protein-negative breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and LY2.
      T47D cells contain high levels of PR mRNA and protein (detected by hormone
      binding assay or Western blot analysis), and the PR protein and mRNA content of
      T47D cells are reduced to about 10% of the control level within 48 h of treatment
      with 10 nM promegestone; 17, 21-dimethyl-19-nor-pregna-4,9-diene-3, 20-dione
      (R5020) or 16 alpha-ethyl-21-hydroxy-19-nor-pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione (ORG2058),
      both potent progestins. In contrast, treatment of T47D cells with the
      antiprogestin 17 beta-hydroxy-11 beta-[4-dimethylaminophenyl]-17 alpha-(1
      propynyl)-estra- 4, 9-dien-3-one) (RU38486) reduces PR protein and mRNA levels
      only transiently. PR protein and mRNA are virtually undetectable in control MCF-7
      cells grown in the absence of estrogens. When estradiol is administered to MCF-7
      cells, the PR mRNA and protein levels increase gradually and proportionately (10-
      or 40-fold, respectively, in 3 days).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3398854
TI  - A Moloney MLV-rat somatotropin fusion gene produces biologically active
      somatotropin in a transgenic pig.
AB  - Expression of a Moloney murine leukemia virus (MLV) rat somatotropin fusion gene
      was examined in a transgenic pig. The fusion gene was integrated in a single site
      within the genome in a tandem array with approximately eight copies per cell. The
      integrated in a single site within the genome in a tandem array with
      approximately eight copies per cell. The integrated MLV-rat somatotropin fusion
      gene produced high levels of circulating rat somatotropin and resulted in an
      elevation in the circulating levels of insulin-like growth factor I. Although
      there was no increase in the rate of growth of the transgenic animal during the
      rapid growth phase, several phenotypic changes were evident. Skeletal growth was
      markedly increased and fat deposition was reduced throughout the animal. Blood
      glucose levels were elevated without ketosis. Northern blot analyses of rat
      somatotropin RNA revealed that expression of the fusion gene was highest in the
      spleen, lung, intestine, lymph nodes, and bone marrow. These results show that
      the MLV promoter can be used to express high levels of biologically active rat
      somatotropin in transgenic swine.

PMID- 3398856
TI  - Biochemical and molecular characterization of the glucocorticoid receptor of
      lymphosarcoma P1798 variants.
AB  - Three phenotypically distinct isolates from lymphosarcoma P1798 have been
      compared with respect to properties of the glucocorticoid receptor. Wild type
      P1798 cells express functional receptors and glucocorticoid treatment of such
      cells causes cytolysis in vivo. Wild type cells do not undergo cytolysis in
      culture. Rather, such cells exhibit reversible inhibition of proliferation in the
      presence of dexamethasone. Two variant populations were selected from this
      background. One was selected for the ability to form tumors in mice receiving
      pharmacological doses of glucocorticoids. Cells from such tumors are resistant to
      the cytolytic effects of glucocorticoids in vivo, but are sensitive to the
      antiproliferative effects of the hormone in culture. Variants were also selected
      based upon their ability to proliferate in the presence of dexamethasone in
      culture. These variants were resistant to glucocorticoid-mediated cytolysis in
      vivo. Wild type P1798 cells express approximately 20,000 high affinity
      dexamethasone-binding sites per cell. Dexamethasone-mesylate labeling and
      immunoblotting experiments indicate that hormone binding is due to a polypeptide
      of Mr 90-100 K. This polypeptide is encoded in an mRNA species that resolved as a
      single entity of approximately 7000 nucleotides. Variants selected for resistance
      to cytolysis in vivo are indistinguishable in any of these respects from wild
      type cells. The receptors are fully functional, as evidenced by their ability to
      precipitate growth arrest of dexamethasone-treated cultures. Variants selected
      for resistance in culture harbor a receptor mutation. They express fewer than 500
      dexamethasone-binding sites per cell. Such variants contain neither detectable
      dexamethasone-mesylate-binding protein nor any protein that is recognized by a
      receptor antibody.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3398855
TI  - Rapid corticosterone-induced changes in gene expression in rat hippocampus
      display type II glucocorticoid receptor specificity.
AB  - Corticosteroids influence a wide range of neuronal activities by binding to
      either of two different glucocorticoid receptors found in rat brain. To
      investigate genomic responses in brain to stress levels of circulating
      corticosterone (CORT), we isolated hippocampal total RNA and poly(A)-containing
      RNA from rats treated with 10 mg/day CORT or vehicle. RNA translation products
      were resolved by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis and fluorography. Select
      changes in four translation products after acute CORT treatment were inferred
      from up to 100-fold increases in three polypeptides and a 2-fold decrease in
      another. While adrenalectomy decreased levels of the inducible RNA sequences
      (adrenalectomized vs. intact controls), CORT increased the inducible sequences
      above their levels in intact controls. Rapid increases within 2 h of CORT
      treatment were seen for RNAs coding for 35, 33, and 20 kilodalton polypeptides.
      However, RNA coding for a 50 kilodalton polypeptide had a delayed decrease, first
      seen after 32 h CORT. The CORT increases displayed type II glucocorticoid
      receptor-specificity: RU 28362 greater than or equal to CORT greater than
      aldosterone greater than dihydrotestosterone = control. Since type II receptors
      are only substantially occupied by stress levels of CORT, these changes in gene
      expression are candidates for molecular stress responses in the brain.

PMID- 3398857
TI  - Olive (Olea europea) pollen allergens--I. Immunochemical characterization by
      immunoblotting, CRIE and immunodetection by a monoclonal antibody.
AB  - The pattern of reactivity of the Olea europea crude extract antigens was analysed
      after electroblotting to nitrocellulose from SDS-PAGE. The antigens contained in
      the 17, 19 and 42 K bands were most reactive with specific IgE from individual
      sera. Following immunization with a crude extract, one monoclonal antibody (OL-1)
      was raised against components which exhibited IgE binding capacity in
      electroblotting and crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis (CRIE). Monoclonal
      antibody OL-1 reacted with the 17 and 19 K antigens and with three arcs of
      crossed immunoelectrophoresis (CIE), one of which is considered to contain a
      major allergen by CRIE.

PMID- 3398858
TI  - Olive (Olea europea) pollen allergens--II. Isolation and characterization of two
      major antigens.
AB  - A dialyzed extract of olive (Olea europea) pollen was fractionated by anion
      exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B using a discontinuous gradient of
      ammonium bicarbonate. The most important protein allergen was obtained from the
      0.3 M fraction after gel filtration on Sephadex G-100 and separation by lentil
      lectin Sepharose-4B. The major allergen of olive pollen was contained in the
      effluent and was designated Olea Antigen I. This material inhibited the RAST
      activity of 15 patients' sera that were tested. Analytical IEF demonstrated a
      major band at pH 5.3 and two minor ones at pH 5.6 and 5.0. When these were run
      into SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in a second dimension, all were
      separated into two bands of mol. wt 17 and 19 K. A second protein, which is the
      next most important allergen, Olea Antigen II, was obtained from the 0.5 M
      fraction by chromatofocusing in a 4-7 pH range followed by filtration on Bio-gel
      P-30. Olea Antigen II had a mol. wt of 8 K as assessed by SDS-PAGE. IEF analysis
      displayed one main band at pH 3.6 and two minor bands at pH 3.8 and 4.0,
      respectively. OL-1, an anti-Olea europea monoclonal antibody (MAb) previously
      reported by us Lauzurica et al. (1988) reacted with the 17 and 19 K antigens from
      the crude extract and with Olea Antigen I but not with Olea Antigen II.

PMID- 3398859
TI  - Activation of the classical pathway of human complement in vitro by house-dust
      extracts is caused by IgM antibodies to polysaccharide antigen(s) and is not
      related to atopy.
AB  - The mechanism of activation of the classical pathway of human complement by house
      dust extracts and its relevance to atopic disease was studied. Our results
      confirm that for most sera of adults, house-dust extract is, on a weight basis, a
      more potent C-activator than aggregated human IgG or lipopolysaccharide
      (endotoxin). Naturally occurring IgM antibodies directed against ubiquitous
      polysaccharides appeared to be the dominant factor in the C1 activation by house
      dust extracts in human sera. Large variations were found between sera with
      respect to the concns of these IgM antibodies as measured by C1 activation or
      fixation of haemolytic complement. The IgM antibody titre was, however, not
      associated with atopic disease. Consequently, we do not support the hypothesis
      put forward by Berrens et al. (1978) (Allergol. Immunopath. 6, 45-54) that there
      might be a relation between atopy and enhanced reactivity of serum complement
      with allergenic extracts. More than 90% of the C-activating potential of allergen
      extracts like house dust was found in the fractions with high mol. wt material
      (mol. wt greater than 100 K). Therefore, these antigens are easily separated from
      the known IgE-binding major allergens of house-dust mite and cat dander.

PMID- 3398860
TI  - Localization of a hydrophobic domain in human C5.
AB  - The fifth component of human complement (C5), under physiological salt
      conditions, bound firmly to phenyl-Sepharose. This indicated the presence of
      hydrophobic sites on C5. These sites may play an important role in C5 haemolytic
      activity since this activity was inhibited by chaotropic ions (Mg2+, SCN-, I-) at
      relatively low concns (0.6-1 M). Charge shift experiments performed on purified
      C5 provided further evidence for the presence of hydrophobic sites within C5.
      Bidirectional charge shifts of C5 mobility were observed with the two detergent
      systems TX-100 + DOC and TX-100 + CTAB. In order to localize these sites, C5 was
      subjected to trypsin digestion. Three major fragments were evidenced by two
      dimensional electrophoresis (agarose/SDS-PAGE and SDS-PAGE/SDS-PAGE), and were
      isolated by hydrophobic affinity chromatography. The first fragment, C5FI, was
      composed probably of a mixture of six alpha chain fragments (alpha 1-alpha 6)
      linked to the beta chain by disulphide bridges. The second fragment, C5FII, was
      composed of the beta chain linked to two alpha chain fragments: alpha 2 (Mr = 58
      K) and alpha 4 (Mr = 32 K). The third fragment, C5FIII, contained two covalently
      linked chains (beta chain and alpha 4). The rank order for mol. wt, agarose gel
      electrophoretic mobility and hydrophobicity was respectively: C5 greater than or
      equal to C5FI greater than C5FII greater than C5FIII; C5 less than or equal to
      C5FI less than or equal to C5FII much less than C5FIII; and C5FII greater than or
      equal to C5 greater than C5FI much greater than C5FIII. From the relative
      hydrophobicity, the hydrophobic sites of C5 can be localized to the alpha 2
      fragment (Mr = 58 K) since C5FIII lacked the alpha 2 fragment and was not
      hydrophobic. Cleavage and the liberation of the N-terminal part of C5 induced an
      increase in hydrophobicity of the remaining part of C5 (C5b and C5FII),
      suggesting a possible role of the hydrophobic sites in association of C5b with
      membranes.

PMID- 3398861
TI  - Thermodynamics of oligosaccharides binding to a dextran-specific monoclonal IgM.
AB  - The binding thermodynamics of seven different oligosaccharide haptens to the
      dextran-specific IgM secreted by the murine plasmacytoma MOPC-104E were studied
      by direct calorimetric measurements. The enthalpy change values observed for the
      binding process range between -5 and -16 kcal/mol depending on the hapten and the
      temp of measurement. The antibody-hapten interactions were characterized by a
      positive heat capacity change [delta Cp approximately 300 cal/(mol.degree)] and a
      resultant process of enthalpy-entropy compensation. The calculated change in
      unitary entropy of the reaction, delta Su, ranged between -20 and -30 eu (4
      degrees C), corresponding to an expected entropy loss due to immobilization of
      the hapten molecules. The entropy of binding increased with rising temp, thus
      compensating for the decreasing enthalpy contribution to the free energy of
      binding. The data are consistent with a hapten binding induced conformational
      transition to a more relaxed state in the immunoglobulin molecule.

PMID- 3398862
TI  - Plant oil variables and their possible influence in mutagenicity testing.

PMID- 3398863
TI  - The potent hepatocarcinogen methapyrilene does not form DNA adducts in livers of
      Fischer 344 rats.
AB  - The antihistamine methapyrilene hydrochloride has been shown to be a potent
      hepatocarcinogen in Fischer 344 rats. It has also been evaluated in a number of
      short-term in vitro genotoxicity assays resulting in conflicting reports. Short
      term in vivo assays suggest that it may act as a promoter. We studied its ability
      to form DNA adducts in the target organ using the highly sensitive 32P
      postlabeling technique. Methapyrilene failed to induce formation of DNA adducts
      in hepatocellular DNA at doses which induced S-phase DNA synthesis. These data
      suggest that methapyrilene does not induce the carcinogenesis process through a
      direct genotoxic mechanism.

PMID- 3398864
TI  - Transformation depending on intermolecular homologous recombination is stimulated
      by UV damage in transfected DNA.
AB  - DNA-mediated gene transfer (DMGT) was performed in DNA repair-proficient and UV
      hypersensitive, repair-deficient Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines using the
      UV-irradiated thymidine kinase gene from herpes simplex virus (HSV-TK).
      Transformation frequencies in repair-deficient CHO cell lines declined relative
      to repair-proficient cells with increasing UV damage in transfected DNA;
      approximately 3-fold higher UV fluence was required to inactivate 50% of
      irradiated HSV-TK plasmid molecules in repair-proficient cells. In cotransfection
      experiments performed with pairs of HSV-TK plasmids containing linker insertion
      mutations in TK coding sequences, moderate UV damage in plasmid DNA enhanced the
      yield of TK+ transformants resulting from homologous recombination between HSV-TK
      sequences up to 4-fold. These results suggest that UV damage in DNA can stimulate
      transformation of mammalian cells dependent on intermolecular DNA homology.

PMID- 3398865
TI  - Effect of hyperthermia on the frequency of sister-chromatid exchanges in patients
      with cancer of cervix uteri.
AB  - The frequencies of sister-chromatid exchanges (SCE) were studied in patients with
      cancer of the cervix uteri and normal controls at 37 degrees C and 40 degrees C.
      At 37 degrees C the mean frequency of SCE was found to be 8.26 +/- 1.91 in
      untreated patients with cervical cancer and 7.91 +/- 1.68 in cancer patients
      treated with radiotherapy; these values were significantly higher than the
      control value of 5.34 +/- 1.28 exchanges. Increase of the growth temperature to
      40 degrees C elevated the SCE frequency to 11.95 +/- 2.12 in patients without
      radiotherapy treatment, 13.37 +/- 2.17 in patients with radiotherapy treatment
      and 7.82 +/- 1.84 in normal controls. These data indicate that there is a
      differential induction of SCEs by hyperthermia in the lymphocytes of control
      women and patients with cancer of the cervix uteri.

PMID- 3398866
TI  - Effect of ascorbic acid prophylaxis on the frequency of chromosome aberrations,
      urine mutagenicity and nucleolus test in workers occupationally exposed to
      cytostatic drugs.
AB  - The genetic risk of workers occupationally exposed to a series of newly developed
      cytostatic drugs and the presumed antimutagenic potential of ascorbic acid (AA)
      were studied in a group of 38 chemical laboratory personnel examined for
      chromosome aberrations in lymphocytes, urine mutagenicity and nucleolar RNA
      activity before and after a 6-month prophylactic administration of AA at daily
      doses of 1 g for 5 days a week. Chromosome aberration tests revealed elevated
      aberrant cell (AB.C) rates both prior to and after AA supplementation (3.9% and
      3.65% of AB.C., respectively). These values were significantly higher than those
      found in 18 non-exposed matching controls (1.05% of AB.C.). Tests for mutagenic
      activity in the urine of drug-exposed workers revealed 64% positive urine samples
      prior to vitaminization and 60% positive urine specimens after it; positive urine
      samples in the group of controls accounted for 21% of samples. In the nucleolus
      test, numbers of inactivated micronuclei in the exposed were initially higher
      than those of controls (33.4% versus 24.3%), but dropped to 20.5% after AA
      supplementation. These findings show that AA prophylaxis alone cannot
      substantially reduce the hazards associated with exposure to anti-cancer drugs.

PMID- 3398867
TI  - Analysis of the cytogenetic effect in human lymphocytes induced by metabolically
      activated 1- and 2-methylnaphthalene.
AB  - Chromosome analyses were carried out in human lymphocytes treated in vitro with 1
      and 2-methylnaphthalene (1-MN, 2-MN) in the presence and absence of the
      mammalian metabolic activation system, S9 mix. Without S9 mix there was no
      indication of induction of any significant cytogenetic effect by either compound.
      With S9 mix a weak clastogenic effect was apparent at 4 mM 2-MN only and sister
      chromatid exchange frequencies were significantly increased at each dose of 1-
      and 2-MN, yet always less than twice the control level. The present observations
      do not indicate that 1- and 2-MN must be classified as potential genotoxic
      substances.

PMID- 3398868
TI  - Chromosome and blood marker studies in families of patients affected by xeroderma
      pigmentosum and trichothiodystrophy.
AB  - Chromosome and blood marker studies were performed in the families of 4 patients
      in which the association of 2 rare recessive Mendelian disorders, xeroderma
      pigmentosum (XP-D) and trichothiodystrophy (TTD), was present. Blood genotypes
      did not indicate any linkage with the pathologic condition, nor any segregation
      anomaly. Cytogenetic analysis using high-resolution banding techniques showed a
      normal karyotype both in the heterozygous and in the homozygous individuals.
      These findings lead us to exclude a cytologically detectable chromosome
      rearrangement, such as a microdeletion, as a possible cause of the association of
      XP-D and TTD in our patients.

PMID- 3398869
TI  - Effects of novobiocin on heat shock protection against chromatid aberration
      induction by triethylenemelamine (TEM) and maleic hydrazide (MH) in Vicia faba.
AB  - Heat shock (10 min 40 degrees C) prior to challenge treatment with
      triethylenemelamine (TEM) or maleic hydrazide (MH) significantly reduced the
      frequency of induced chromatid aberrations in Vicia faba main root meristems.
      Novobiocin treatment before heat shock did not prevent heat shock protection
      against both clastogens; novobiocin application after heat shock prevented
      protective effects. These results and those obtained earlier for heat shock
      protection against X-ray challenge are used to discuss possible causes underlying
      the protective effects triggered by heat shock.

PMID- 3398870
TI  - The effect of tissue culture agar on chromosome breakage, sister-chromatid
      exchanges and clonogenicity in human cells.
AB  - To investigate the cytogenetic effects of electromagnetic fields, a system
      containing an agar gel was developed to support the growth of various human cell
      types (peripheral lymphocytes, lymphoblasts, and fibroblasts). When compared to
      alioquots of identical cells, grown in plastic culture vessels, statistically
      significant increases in the frequencies of chromosome breakage, sister-chromatid
      exchange and decreased cloning efficiency were observed in those cells cultured
      in the agar. These results suggest a possible clastogenic and/or cytotoxic
      component in the agar gel.

PMID- 3398871
TI  - 1,6-Dinitropyrene causes spindle disturbances and chromosomal damage in V79
      Chinese hamster cells.
AB  - We have investigated the cytogenetic effect of 1,6-dinitropyrene (1,6-DNP) in
      Chinese hamster V79 cells. The chemical caused a dose-dependent increase in the
      incidence of initial and full C-mitoses, polyploid mitoses, ana-telophases with
      lagging chromosomes, non-disjunction and multipolar configurations, in a range of
      0.05-5 microM. These findings indicate that 1,6-DNP interferes with the
      functioning of the spindle apparatus in V79 cells. Early signs of spindle
      disturbances were seen at 1,6-DNP concentrations which only moderately reduced
      cell growth and division. Analysis of structural chromosomal aberrations revealed
      the appearance of chromatid-type aberrations with open breaks and exchanges
      accompanied by gaps. The results indicate that 1,6-DNP is both a spindle
      disturbing and a clastogenic agent in V79 cells.

PMID- 3398872
TI  - Induction of sister-chromatid exchanges in Vicia faba by arsenic-contaminated
      drinking water.
AB  - Arsenic-contaminated drinking water from various towns of Comarca Lagunera,
      Coahuila, Mexico, was tested for its ability to induce sister-chromatid exchanges
      (SCE) in Vicia faba. 3-h treatments were applied and the differential staining
      technique of Tempelaar et al. (1982) was used. Atomic absorption
      spectrophotometry showed that the arsenic concentration in drinking water was
      0.11-0.695 ppm, well over the maximum limit of 0.05 ppm (EPA, 1984). In all cases
      the SCE frequencies were significantly different from the controls. Some
      concentrations (0.2, 0.3, 0.5 and 1.0 ppm) of sodium arsenate (V) and potassium
      arsenite (III) were also applied to Vicia faba and all produced significant SCE
      frequencies, except 0.2 ppm of sodium arsenate.

PMID- 3398873
TI  - Sister-chromatid exchanges in human lymphocytes exposed to 1-p-(3
      methyltriazeno)benzoic acid potassium salt.
AB  - The 1-p-(3-methyltriazeno) benzoic acid potassium salt (MTBA) is a triazeno
      analogue of dacarbazine, an antineoplastic agent capable of mediating the
      appearance of new antigenic specificities on cancer cells in mice, a phenomenon
      described as 'chemical xenogenization' (CX). Recently we reported the clastogenic
      potential of MTBA on human lymphocytes. Since sister-chromatid exchange (SCE)
      assay is more sensitive than clastogenic tests, at least at low drug
      concentrations, we assessed SCE frequencies induced by MTBA on human lymphocytes
      stimulated by PHA. Drug treatment at 2-500 micrograms/ml was performed in vitro
      prior to or after PHA addition. SCE values increased significantly in a dose
      dependent manner up to 200 micrograms/ml. However, SCE frequencies, as well as
      chromosome breaks, did not increase dramatically. These data indicate that MTBA
      concentrations used for CX do not cause severe cytogenetic damage to immune cells
      at least in vitro.

PMID- 3398874
TI  - Becker muscular dystrophy recombinant DNA studies in identical twins.
AB  - Two identical twins with Becker Muscular Dystrophy are reported. Both twins had
      the same red cell types for ABO, Rh, CDE, MNSs, Kelly, Lewis, Duffy, and Kidd.
      HLA typing detected the same antigens in both twins: A1, A26, B8, B17, DR3, DR7.
      Family history was negative. The twin patients showed identical haplotypes that
      were different from the haplotypes of the normal male members of the family. The
      sister of the twins showed a recombinant X chromosome. The informative haplotype
      with respect to the gene of BMD, present in the twins, was ascertained in their
      mother as well. Our findings strongly suggest that a mutation has occurred either
      in the mother or in the twins.

PMID- 3398876
TI  - Single fiber EMG in juvenile idiopathic scoliosis.
AB  - A single fiber EMG (SFEMG) study was performed in 51 patients with idiopathic
      juvenile scoliosis of moderate degree (mean 23.8 degrees of Cobb), aged 7-18
      years (mean 13.2 years). The findings in the extensor digitorum communis muscle
      (EDC) include a moderate but significant increase in fiber density (mean 2.02, +/
      0.21, P less than 0.001), a mild but significant (P less than 0.001)
      neuromuscular transmission abnormality (7.6% of fibers showed increased jitter
      and 4.5% intermittent blocking), and a moderately prolonged mean interspike
      interval (mean 0.98 msec, +/- 0.20, P less than 0.005) in EDC. Five of the
      patients had normal fiber density, 9 had a normal jitter study, and further 7 had
      a normal mean interspike interval. However only one had all the parameters
      normal. The paraspinal and intercostal muscles at the apex of the scoliotic
      curvature examined in some of the patients showed similar abnormalities. The
      study thus suggests the existence of a subclinical systemic neuromuscular
      disorder in nearly all of our patients with idiopathic scoliosis, which might
      have a pathogenetic significance.

PMID- 3398877
TI  - Spatial distribution of fiber types in skeletal muscle: test for a random
      distribution.
AB  - A statistical test is introduced for the assessment of fiber type grouping based
      on the number of neighboring fibers of different histochemical type. It is
      conceptually simple and can be applied to regular and irregular fiber patterns
      alike. One important feature of this test is that it has more power than existing
      ones, which means that deviations from a normal situation can be detected in an
      earlier stage than with any other method. The dependency of the outcome of the
      test on type-specific size differences is rather small. Moreover, a method is
      given to correct for this bias. With the aid of the test it is shown that in
      normal muscle tissue of young persons a slight segregation of fiber type is a
      common situation.

PMID- 3398875
TI  - Progressive myotonia in foals resembling human dystrophia myotonica.
AB  - A severe and progressive neuromuscular disorder accompanied by clinical,
      electrophysiological, and pathological features resembling human dystrophia
      myotonica was observed in three foals. This disorder was apparent as early as 1
      month of age and involved progressive skeletal muscle dysfunction, initially
      characterized by proximal muscle hypertrophy and hypertonicity with subsequent
      muscle stiffness, weakness, and atrophy. Multisystem involvement was manifested
      in one case by testicular hypoplasia, early cataract formation, and borderline
      glucose intolerance. Prolonged dimpling of these large rear-limb muscles was
      elicited by percussion. Myotonic discharges were identified by electromyography.
      Percussion dimpling and the typical myotonic discharges persisted after
      neuromuscular blockade. Distinctive histologic muscle changes included ring
      fibers, sarcoplasmic mass formation, variation in fiber diameter size, and
      internally positioned nuclei.

PMID- 3398878
TI  - Myoadenylate deaminase deficiency: a clinical, genetic, and biochemical study in
      nine families.
AB  - The clinical significance of myoadenylate deaminase (MAD) deficiency and its mode
      of inheritance is still questioned. There were 36 relatives of 9 unrelated MAD
      deficient patients who were examined with the aid of a standardized ischemic
      forearm test: 8 new cases of MAD deficiency were detected, 5 of which were
      confirmed histochemically and biochemically. Obligate heterozygotes showed a
      normal ammonia production and MAD staining, but the mean activity of the enzyme
      was significantly less than in a group of controls. The results obtained from the
      family study strongly suggest an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance.
      However, only 2 of the 8 newly found MAD deficient individuals complained of
      exertional myalgia, whereas the remaining 6 were without any symptoms or
      complaints. This finding casts doubt on the clinical significance of MAD
      deficiency and the relationship of the deficiency state with exertional myalgia.

PMID- 3398879
TI  - A model of the differing change in motor and sensory action potentials over
      distance.
AB  - Clinically recorded motor and sensory nerve responses show different degrees of
      change in response size over distance along a nerve. We describe a computer model
      to investigate possible causes of this phenomenon. Effects of the range of
      conduction velocity in a nerve and the size of the constituent action potentials
      forming the recorded response are evaluated. We conclude that the broader
      duration of the motor unit potential is the predominant factor in accounting for
      motor nerve responses showing less change over distance than sensory responses.
      The contributions of temporal dispersion and phase cancellation are also
      discussed.

PMID- 3398880
TI  - Comparison of acoustic and electrical signals from erectores spinae muscles.
AB  - Comparison was made between simultaneous recordings of the electromyogram (EMG)
      and acoustic myogram (AMG) signals and the torque produced by the lumbar
      erectores spinae muscles of three healthy subjects while they performed isometric
      contractions. Repeatability of each signal was studied. The AMG had a
      relationship to the torque which was more quadratic than linear, whereas that of
      the EMG was more linear. The coefficient of variability of residuals about a
      "best-fit" line was 8.55% for torque-increasing EMG recordings and 19.2% for
      torque-increasing AMG recordings. At the same torque, the EMG was on average
      about 10% greater for increasing-torque recordings than for decreasing-torque
      parts of the recordings, but the magnitude of the AMG signal was about 10% less.
      With repeated testing on the same day, the coefficient of variability of the
      signal/torque relationship (torque-increasing) was 9% for EMG and 23% for AMG
      signals. With long-term testing over 2 weeks these coefficients were 23 and 39%,
      respectively. Correlation analysis showed that the two signal/torque
      relationships varied independently of each other.

PMID- 3398881
TI  - A myasthenic syndrome with congenital paucity of secondary synaptic clefts: CPSC
      syndrome.
AB  - Two cases of a newly recognized myasthenic syndrome were investigated (CPSC
      syndrome). The course of the disease was observed for periods of 6 and 3 years.
      In infancy, exacerbations of the symptoms occurred during febrile illness, but
      thereafter the clinical course was stable and the children appeared to be only
      slightly handicapped. Biopsies were taken from the intercostal muscle in both
      patients. Microelectrode studies revealed small Mepp amplitudes. Light microscopy
      demonstrated predominance of type I fibers and focal type-grouping. There was a
      lowered cholinesterase activity and frequent branching of preterminal axons.
      Electron microscopy revealed that there were few, if any, folds of the
      postsynaptic membrane and that there were no signs of degeneration. Methods for
      localization of acetylcholine receptors (AChR) revealed a deficiency and altered
      distribution of AChRs at these postsynaptic membranes and the occurrence of
      extrajunctional AChRs in some muscle fibers. It is concluded that the syndrome is
      a clinicopathological entity, characterized morphologically by a congenital
      paucity of secondary synaptic clefts (CPSC syndrome).

PMID- 3398882
TI  - New concepts of the reinnervated motor unit revealed by vaccine-associated
      poliomyelitis.
AB  - A late onset of slowly progressive muscle weakness 30-40 years after acute polio
      is well known. Previous studies by the author and others have demonstrated
      transmission abnormalities within the reinnervated motor unit. These transmission
      abnormalities shown by motor unit action potential (MUAP) instability in size and
      shape with repetitive discharges occurs in postpolio patients who are and who are
      not complaining of progressive muscle weakness. Although some reinnervated MUAPs
      do seem to stabilize their neuromuscular transmission with time in mildly
      affected muscles, the question arises as to whether or not some MUAPs ever
      stabilize after polio. Two cases of acute polio personally followed by the
      author, one over a 9 1/2 year period, are presented. In both cases, in muscles
      where there are more deinnervated muscle fibers than could possibly be
      reinnervated, the MUAPs have remained unstable. New concepts of function in the
      reinnervated motor unit following polio are presented.

PMID- 3398883
TI  - Jamaican neuropathy: an electrophysiological study.
AB  - Jamaican neuropathy (JN) is a common disorder in Jamaica and has characteristics
      similar to neurological diseases found in other tropical areas. JN is a clinical
      syndrome and occurs in two forms: spastic and ataxic. This is the first known
      electrophysiological study of this disease. In the spastic group of JN,
      peripheral electrophysiological findings were mostly normal, suggesting a central
      cause for their symptoms. The only patient with the ataxic form of JN had a
      chronic axonal peripheral neuropathy.

PMID- 3398884
TI  - Lumbar radiculopathy after spinal fusion for scoliosis.
AB  - In 184 patients with no preoperative neurologic deficit who underwent operation
      for idiopathic scoliosis, somatosensory evoked potential monitoring was used.
      Four patients had neurologic deficits postoperatively. Two patients developed
      mild signs of intraspinal lesions involving upper motor neurons at high lumbar
      levels that resolved over 3-5 months. These patients and two others developed
      evidence of unilateral, moderate, lower motor neuron damage that was confirmed on
      electromyography. No changes in somatosensory evoked potentials occurred in these
      patients. Lumbar root damage may be difficult to recognize after operation and
      should be considered in patients with neurologic deficit after scoliosis surgery.

PMID- 3398885
TI  - A clinical neurophysiologic study of tropical spastic paraparesis.
AB  - During a field study in the Seychelles Islands, 19 patients with tropical spastic
      paraparesis (TSP) were evaluated electrophysiologically. Methods of assessment
      included motor and sensory nerve conduction studies, electromyography, and
      analysis of the somatosensory evoked potentials after stimulation of the tibial
      and median nerves. The results showed that the most prominent feature of the
      disease, a spastic paraparesis, is accompanied by subclinical involvement of
      spinal sensory pathways and a comparatively minor peripheral sensorimotor
      polyneuropathy.

PMID- 3398886
TI  - Neuromuscular disorders and thymoma.
AB  - We describe a patient who had asymmetrical atrophy of limb muscles and myasthenic
      weakness of neck, facial, and bulbar muscles. Electrophysiological tests
      indicated myasthenia gravis of facial muscles and changes consistent with an
      asymmetrical motor neuropathy as a cause of the muscle atrophy. Both conditions
      occurred as complications of a locally invasive thymoma, and both failed to
      improve after surgery and radiation but substantially improved with subsequent
      treatment by corticosteroids, azathioprine, and plasmapheresis. Review of the
      literature disclosed that several neuromuscular conditions may be associated with
      thymoma, the commonest being myasthenia gravis. Muscle atrophy may occur in 10%
      of patients who have myasthenia gravis, whether associated with or without
      thymoma. Its mechanism is debated, and further studies are needed, but
      observations in our patient suggest the atrophy is due to a motor neuropathy.
      Primary treatment of the thymoma by surgery, irradiation if the tumor is
      invasive, and immunosuppressive therapy for neuromuscular complications offers a
      relatively good prognosis for this group of patients.

PMID- 3398887
TI  - Olfactory threshold in Friedreich's ataxia.

PMID- 3398888
TI  - Management of respiratory neuromuscular weakness.

PMID- 3398889
TI  - Generation of sequence diversity in the kinetoplast DNA minicircles of Leishmania
      mexicana amazonensis.
AB  - In order to understand the mechanisms which generate minicircle sequence
      diversity, we sequenced three minicircles belonging to the same or closely
      related sequence classes from the kinetoplast DNA of Leishmania mexicana
      amazonensis strains, PH8, Raimundo, and Josefa. Closely related minicircles from
      PH8 and Raimundo were unexpectedly found to differ at 11% of positions within the
      evolutionarily conserved region, but at only 3.9% of positions in the variable
      region. It thus appears that accumulation of point mutations will not account for
      the wide intra-strain and intra-subspecies divergence of the variable region.
      Comparison of more distantly related minicircles from PH8 and Josefa revealed
      only two short stretches of 70% homology within the variable region. These
      stretches of homology are not located in the same positions relative to the
      conserved regions in their respective minicircles. They may represent vestiges of
      recombinational events responsible for the rapid divergence of minicircle
      variable regions.

PMID- 3398890
TI  - Nuclear factors binding to the mini-exon repeat of Trypanosoma brucei.
AB  - In trypanosomes and related kinetoplastida a common short 5' leader sequence is
      encoded by the highly repetitive mini-exon gene and added to all protein coding
      mRNAs by trans-splicing. To initiate a search for transcription factors
      associated with transcription of the mini-exon we have used an electrophoretic
      mobility shift assay to detect trypanosome nuclear factors which interact
      specifically with mini-exon DNA. A factor present in the nuclei of both
      infectious bloodstream forms and non-infectious culture forms of Trypanosoma
      brucei was shown by DNAase I footprinting and oligonucleotide competition to bind
      5' to the transcription start site of the mini-exon. A second factor which bound
      to the mini-exon itself at a sequence conserved in other kinetoplastida was
      evident only in the nuclei of infectious bloodstream forms.

PMID- 3398891
TI  - Treatment of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis with human leukocyte
      interferon. Results of a multicenter randomized clinical trial.
AB  - Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis is a relentless disease of viral origin in
      which squamous papillomas frequently obstruct the respiratory tract of children
      and young adults. No therapy has been proved to be curative for this process.
      Recent reports have suggested that interferon may cure or dramatically control
      airway papillomatosis. We evaluated the efficacy of human leukocyte interferon in
      the treatment of respiratory papillomatosis. One hundred twenty-three patients
      were randomly assigned to receive treatment with either surgery plus interferon
      or surgery alone. Interferon (2 X 10(6) IU per square meter of body-surface area)
      was given daily for one week, then three times per week for one year; treatment
      was followed by a year of observation, without the drug. Both study groups
      underwent serial endoscopy to remove papillomas and to document the efficacy of
      treatment during the two years of study. During the first six months, the growth
      rate of papillomas in the interferon group was significantly lower than in the
      control group (P = 0.0007). This difference diminished during the second six
      months and was no longer statistically significant (P = 0.68). Our data do not
      show that interferon is either curative or of substantial value as an adjunctive
      agent in the long-term management of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. The
      initial benefit of interferon is not sustained.

PMID- 3398892
TI  - American and Soviet teenagers' concerns about nuclear war and the future.

PMID- 3398893
TI  - Estrogen receptors in bone in a patient with polyostotic fibrous dysplasia
      (McCune-Albright syndrome).

PMID- 3398894
TI  - American and Soviet teenagers and nuclear war.

PMID- 3398895
TI  - The ethics of using newly dead patients for teaching and practicing intubation
      techniques.

PMID- 3398896
TI  - AIDS: politics and science.

PMID- 3398898
TI  - Diphtheria in immunized populations.

PMID- 3398897
TI  - Adjuvant therapy for breast cancer.

PMID- 3398899
TI  - The cost of calcium supplements.

PMID- 3398900
TI  - Molecular biology and medical science.

PMID- 3398901
TI  - Gulper's gullet.

PMID- 3398902
TI  - Pizza cutter's palsy.

PMID- 3398903
TI  - [Blessings brought by learning sign language].

PMID- 3398904
TI  - [Introduction of moderate alcohol drinking in the rehabilitation program for
      schizophrenic patients].

PMID- 3398905
TI  - [Problems of medication in the psychiatric department--a dilemma faced by health
      care personnel].

PMID- 3398906
TI  - [The nurse and common sense: clinical knowledge held by the nurse].

PMID- 3398907
TI  - [Hospital watching: in relation to the rehabilitation of patients].

PMID- 3398908
TI  - [Reevaluation of hospital administration in Japan].

PMID- 3398909
TI  - [On-the-job personal growth--factors hindering personal learning].

PMID- 3398911
TI  - [Writing by nurses: why and how].

PMID- 3398910
TI  - [Nursing to increase the activity areas of totally dependent patients in the
      neurosurgery department by utilizing a wheelchair--design of a wheelchair
      restraint belt].

PMID- 3398912
TI  - [Construction of a nursing information system--for contribution toward patient
      care].

PMID- 3398913
TI  - IVF research may yet receive federal funding. US Department of Health to end
      moratorium. White House opposition anticipated.

PMID- 3398914
TI  - NIH's ethics panel.

PMID- 3398915
TI  - Dollars for biotech.

PMID- 3398916
TI  - Register pleases epidemiologists.

PMID- 3398917
TI  - Pain and the fetus.

PMID- 3398919
TI  - Is HIV the causative factor in AIDS?

PMID- 3398918
TI  - Regulation of transcription. Flexible interpretation.

PMID- 3398920
TI  - A family of human CCAAT-box-binding proteins active in transcription and DNA
      replication: cloning and expression of multiple cDNAs.
AB  - The CTF/NF-I group of cellular DNA binding proteins recognizes the sequence
      GCCAAT and is implicated in eukaryotic transcription as well as DNA replication.
      Molecular analysis of human CTF/NF-I complementary DNA clones reveals multiple
      messenger RNA species containing alternative coding regions, apparently as a
      result of differential splicing. Expression and functional analysis establish
      that individual gene products can bind to GCCAAT recognition sites and serve both
      as promoter-selective transcriptional activators and as initiation factors for
      DNA replication.

PMID- 3398921
TI  - Female visual displays affect the development of male song in the cowbird.
AB  - The role of social stimulation in avian vocal learning is well documented. The
      separate contribution of social, as opposed to vocal, stimulation has been
      difficult to address, however, because in almost all cases both tutor and pupil
      sing. The opportunity to isolate such effects arose in cowbirds (Molothrus ater
      ater) after discovering that males housed with non-singing female cowbirds made
      vocal changes which related directly to the female preferences for native song.
      Here we report how females communicate with males about songs. We describe a
      visual display by females, a wing stroke, that is elicited by specific
      vocalizations. The songs that trigger wing strokes are in turn highly effective
      releasers of copulatory postures, and thus this previously unnoticed female
      display has biological significance. The data not only provide the first evidence
      of the tutorial role of male-female interactions during song ontogeny, they also
      clearly implicate visual stimulation in song learning, a process that has until
      now been assumed to be affected only by auditory information.

PMID- 3398922
TI  - Acetylcholine inhibits identified interneurons in the cat lateral geniculate
      nucleus.
AB  - The transmission of visual information from retina to cortex through the dorsal
      lateral geniculate nucleus (LGNd) is controlled by non-retinal inputs. Enhanced
      visually evoked responses in cat LGNd relay cells during periods of increased
      alertness have been attributed in large part to increased rate of acetylcholine
      (ACh) release by fibres ascending from the brainstem reticular formation. ACh can
      modulate geniculate visual responses in vivo, but comparatively little is known
      about the underlying ionic mechanisms of these cholinergic actions. Although
      direct excitation of LGNd relay neurons has been shown in vitro, the situation is
      complicated because cholinergic axons form numerous and complex synapses not only
      with relay cells, but also with inhibitory interneurons, and electrical
      activation of the brainstem cholinergic neurons reduces inhibitory postsynaptic
      potentials in the LGNd. We report here that morphologically characterized
      interneurons in the cat LGNd possess distinctive electrophysiological properties
      in comparison with those of relay cells and are inhibited by ACh through a
      muscarinic receptor-mediated increase in potassium conductance. Together the
      direct excitation of relay cells and inhibition of intrageniculate interneurons
      allow the ascending cholinergic system to exert a powerful facilitatory influence
      over the transfer of visual information to the cerebral cortex.

PMID- 3398923
TI  - Molecular cloning and complete amino-acid sequence of form-I phosphoinositide
      specific phospholipase C.
AB  - We report the molecular cloning and sequence of a phosphoinositide-specific
      phospholipase C (PI-PLC), an enzyme that is of particular interest because of its
      central role in cell signal transduction. The signals in question are those
      delivered by hormones to their cell-surface receptors that activate PI-PLC by
      means of a guanine nucleotide binding protein. Activation of the enzyme leads to
      the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate to two second messengers,
      1,2-diacylglycerol and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, the second of which
      ultimately mobilizes internal pools of calcium. There are at least five PI-PLC
      isoenzymes, whose differences in structure and function are unknown. We have
      focused on isoenzyme I, which we have recently purified and characterized from
      guinea pig uterus. We have now determined the sequence of a full length
      complementary DNA of this isoenzyme from the rat. Although the sequence has
      little similarity with the only other sequenced PI-PLC isoenzyme, it has a
      surprising degree of similarity to thioredoxins, protein co-factors in thiol
      dependent redox reactions.

PMID- 3398924
TI  - A mechanism of gallstone destruction by extracorporeal shock waves.

PMID- 3398925
TI  - In situ detection of melanomas by fluorescence measurements.

PMID- 3398926
TI  - Two photoreceptors control the circadian clock of a unicellular alga.

PMID- 3398927
TI  - Pigeon homing: olfactory experiments with young inexperienced birds.

PMID- 3398929
TI  - Carbon monoxide poisoning.

PMID- 3398928
TI  - Prolonged sperm storage in male Cape horseshoe bats. An alternative solution to
      the reproductive limitations of winter hibernation.

PMID- 3398930
TI  - AIDS. A primer for the primary care practitioner.

PMID- 3398931
TI  - Freestanding outpatient surgical center. License number one.

PMID- 3398932
TI  - Insect sting. Why we need a lay program for dealing with the emergency of a
      severe allergic reaction.

PMID- 3398933
TI  - Keeping lice at bay. Useful tips for patients.

PMID- 3398935
TI  - Facing a bad result.

PMID- 3398934
TI  - Marketing, malpractice, and the value of "I don't know".

PMID- 3398936
TI  - A call for complaints against unethical and incompetent attorneys.

PMID- 3398938
TI  - [Sensitization for external treatment with minoxidil].

PMID- 3398937
TI  - [A well-functioning pacemaker and still dizzy?].

PMID- 3398939
TI  - [Differential diagnosis and therapy in acute disorders of the scrotum].

PMID- 3398941
TI  - [Hairy caterpillars and pseudoallergic reactions].

PMID- 3398942
TI  - [Pleuroperitoneal shunt for the treatment of exudative carcinomatous pleurisy].

PMID- 3398940
TI  - [Antimicrobial prophylaxis in childhood].

PMID- 3398943
TI  - [Follow-up study in 69 patients with a Hancock bioprosthesis].

PMID- 3398945
TI  - [A patient with disseminated Mycobacterium avium-complex infection and impaired
      immune system].

PMID- 3398944
TI  - [After care of surgically treated Achilles tendon ruptures: plaster cast or
      bandage].

PMID- 3398946
TI  - [A nasal form of pigeon breeder's disease; a new disease picture].

PMID- 3398947
TI  - [Follow-up study after polypectomy].

PMID- 3398948
TI  - [How long will we live?].

PMID- 3398951
TI  - [The reversal of medical burden of proof].

PMID- 3398949
TI  - [Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis in The Netherlands (1976-1986)].

PMID- 3398950
TI  - [A decade of experience in the treatment of hypo- and aplasia of the vagina using
      Davydov's neovaginoplasty technic and Frank's (non-surgical) method].

PMID- 3398952
TI  - [Sunlight and melanomas].

PMID- 3398953
TI  - [Esophageal spasm as a cause of retrosternal pain diagnosed by ambulatory 24-hour
      manometry].

PMID- 3398954
TI  - [Urological complications of Crohn's disease].

PMID- 3398956
TI  - [Chronic osteocutaneous fistula, not an innocent affair].

PMID- 3398955
TI  - [Modified criteria for the diagnosis of AIDS].

PMID- 3398957
TI  - [Determination of adenosine deaminase activity in the diagnosis of tuberculous
      pleurisy].

PMID- 3398958
TI  - [Remarkable changes in the epidemiological pattern of gallstone disease and
      gallbladder cancer].

PMID- 3398959
TI  - [Rupture of the tendon of the anterior tibial muscle].

PMID- 3398961
TI  - [Increase in early syphilis among heterosexual men and women in Amsterdam].

PMID- 3398960
TI  - [The physical and mental status of refugees in The Netherlands].

PMID- 3398962
TI  - [The geriatric patient in the hospital, whose concern?].

PMID- 3398963
TI  - [A second opinion?].

PMID- 3398964
TI  - [A patient with acute non-lymphatic leukemia 2 years after non-Hodgkin's
      lymphoma].

PMID- 3398966
TI  - [The professional secret].

PMID- 3398965
TI  - [Amiodarone and its side effects].

PMID- 3398967
TI  - [Excitation of mechanosensitive C-fiber sensory units of the skin in the cat by
      the intra-arterial administration of potassium ions].
AB  - In anaesthetized cats the responses of low- and high-threshold mechanosensitive C
      fiber sensory units (MSU) in n. saphenus to close-arterial injection of potassium
      ions in subnoxious and noxious concentrations (SC and NC) have been studied. Two
      groups of high-threshold MSU were found: 1) MSU excited by K+ in NC only and 2)
      MSU responded to K+ both in SC and NC. The data suggest the nociceptive role of
      high-threshold MSU in contrast to low-threshold MSU. The possibility is discussed
      of a differentiation between subnoxious and noxious stimuli by a portion of high
      threshold MSU. The characteristics of firing of high-threshold MSU are given
      which correlate with their excitation by noxious and subnoxious chemical stimuli.

PMID- 3398969
TI  - [The potential dependence of acetylcholine-activated membrane conductance in
      sympathetic ganglion neurons].
AB  - Membrane conductance activated by acetylcholine (ACh-conductance) was studied in
      rat isolated superior cervical ganglion neurons by means of the patch-clamp
      method in the whole-cell recording mode. It was found that ACh-conductance was
      increased or decreased with membrane hyper- or depolarization, respectively. The
      decrease in ACh-conductance was not associated with the reversal of ACh-current
      or with the presence of Ca2+ ions in external solution. The time constant of
      voltage-jump relaxation of ACh-current revealed e-fold increase with membrane
      hyperpolarization by 70 mV, which corresponded to the voltage dependence of ACh
      conductance. Basing upon these results it was concluded that the voltage
      dependence of ACh-conductance is mostly determined by the voltage dependence of
      nicotinic receptor channel gating kinetics.

PMID- 3398968
TI  - [Dynamics of the neuronal activity of the posterior hypothalamus during a phase
      shift of the wakefulness-sleep cycle].
AB  - Dynamics of neuronal activity of the posterior hypothalamus in the sleep
      wakefulness cycle was studied in free moving cats using mobile metal
      microelectrodes. Computer analysis and statistical treatment of the data have
      shown that the majority of neurons (89.3%) in the above-mentioned area discharge
      with high frequency during active wakefulness and emotional stage of paradoxical
      sleep; the frequency of discharges decreases during passive wakefulness and
      nonemotional stage of paradoxical sleep and is the lowest in the slow wave sleep
      though it has been higher than at the other states. Comparatively small number of
      neurons (3.6%) show opposite dynamics of the activity. They fire more intensely
      during slow wave sleep and the frequency of discharges decreases during active
      wakefulness and paradoxical sleep. In posterior hypothalamus some neurons (7.1%)
      are found which fire intensely during active wakefulness as compared with slow
      wave sleep and paradoxical sleep. The neurophysiological mechanisms for
      regulation of the sleep-wakefulness cycle and the involvement of posterior
      hypothalamus in this process are discussed.

PMID- 3398970
TI  - [Frequency potentiation of neuronal synaptic reactions in the medial tegmentum of
      the medulla oblongata to microstimulation of the inhibitory point of the pons
      Varolii].
AB  - Synaptic responses of medial medullary neurons to single (2 pps) and repetitive
      (30-50 pps) stimuli delivered to the pontine inhibitory point were recorded in
      decerebrated cats. Firing index, inhibitory to the less extent, excitatory
      postsynaptic potentials usually increased when repetitive stimulation was
      applied. Suppression of the background impulse activity was observed in some
      neurons. Frequency potentiation makes a substantial contribution to functional
      effect of stimulation of the inhibitory point (termination of elicited
      locomotion).

PMID- 3398971
TI  - [The role of homosynaptic depression in stabilizing spinal cord potentials].
AB  - A decrease of variation coefficient for the amplitudes of dorsal root potentials
      and cord dorsum potentials (CDP) was found in anaesthetized spinal cats.
      Reduction of the number of spikes in neurons, which are suggested to take part in
      generation of CDP in response to repetitive stimulation of cutaneous nerves was
      also seen. A maximum decrease of variation coefficient was observed at low
      frequency of stimulation (0.1-5 Hz). The effects observed can be due to
      homosynaptic depression.

PMID- 3398972
TI  - [Identification of the nicotinic and muscarinic cholinoreceptors of the soma of
      the RPa4 neuron in the edible snail].
AB  - Intracellular recording of potentials was employed to identify cholinoreceptors
      of the somatic membrane in Helix lucorum RPa4 neuron. A local application under
      pressure of specific agonists of nicotinic (nicotine, cytisine) and muscarinic
      (muscarine, arecoline) cholinoreceptors to the soma produced cell depolarization.
      Depolarization to acetylcholine application was short and was often followed by
      hyperpolarization. Selective desensitization of receptors by nicotine and
      muscarine as well as occupation of receptors by cytisine and arecoline reduced
      depolarization in response to acetylcholine. Nicotinic cholinergic blocker, d
      tubocurarine, inhibited to a greater extent responses to nicotinic
      cholinomimetics, while atropine, muscarinic cholinergic blocker, inhibited
      responses to muscarinic cholinomimetics. Acetylcholine exhibited a mixed
      cholinomimetic effect: acetylcholine-induced responses were almost equally
      inhibited by d-tubocurarine and atropine. A hypothesis is suggested that somatic
      membrane of RPa4 neuron contains classical nicotinic and muscarinic acetylcholine
      receptors similar to those of the vertebrates.

PMID- 3398973
TI  - [Changes in the morphometric parameters of neuroblastoma cells cultured at an
      elevated pH].
AB  - The phenomena arising during morphological differentiation of neuroblastoma cells
      under pH of culture medium 8.0-8.2 have been investigated. The initial cell
      population divided into two parts--proliferating and differentiating cells--on
      the third day of cultivation in the modified medium. Reliable correlation between
      somatic size and neurite length has been found in differentiating cells. Thus
      somatic size may be used as morphological criterion of differentiated
      neuroblastoma cells under present conditions. The established relations may be
      used for the further investigation of morphofunctional alterations under induced
      differentiation of neuroblastoma cells.

PMID- 3398974
TI  - [Tonotopic organization of the dorsocaudal zone of auditory area AII of the
      cerebral cortex in the cat].
AB  - Tonotopic organization of dorsocaudal zone of secondary auditory area (AII) was
      studied in acute nembutal-anaesthetized cats. Neurons of this zone responded
      selectively to acoustic stimuli of definite frequencies. 74% of units had one
      best frequency. 26% of units had several best frequencies while 7% responded in
      all the range tested and had no best frequency. Neurons with low best frequencies
      were localized in upper part of sylvian gyrus near posterior ectosylvian sulcus.
      Successive increase of best frequencies occurred during ventrorostral shifting of
      the recorded point along the sylvian gyrus. The distance between low frequency
      and high frequency foci in the dorsocaudal projection zone was 2.5-3.5 mm.
      Neurons with close values of best frequency organized in vertical columns could
      differ substantially as to dimensions of receptive fields, precision of frequency
      selectivity and patterns of impulse responses.

PMID- 3398975
TI  - [The role of intracortical inhibition in forming homo- and heterosensory
      interaction on the neurons of the sensorimotor cortex in kittens].
AB  - The development of the homo- and heterosensory interaction on the sensorimotor
      cortex neurons was studied in anaesthesized and immobilized kittens of 3 age
      groups (12-30 days; 31-47 days; 2-4 months before and after the picrotoxin
      application. For the studied time intervals (100, 200, 300 ms) the insignificant
      suppression of response to the second stimulus is observed in a small part of the
      youngest kitten neurons. The picrotoxin application elicited only a rise in the
      background activity. In the middle and oldest kitten groups it is noted in the
      neurons which showed decreasing or blocking the responses to the testing stimuli,
      especially for the interval of 100 ms. The dynamics of the heterosensory
      interaction and the picrotoxin application influence become gradually the same in
      the adult animals. On the basis of the obtained results a question is discussed
      about the development of the inhibition mechanisms and their participation in the
      organization of the homo- and heterosensory interaction in the early postnatal
      ontogeny.

PMID- 3398976
TI  - [Neuronal mechanisms of the generation of the feeding rhythm in the buccal
      ganglia of the pteropod mollusk].
AB  - Two antagonistic groups of neurons, active in protractor and retractor phases of
      the feeding cycle, were found in the buccal ganglia of the pteropod mollusc
      Clione limacina. Neurons within each group are electrically coupled, while the
      groups inhibit one another. Each group is able to perform independent rhythmic
      activity. When the activity of one of the groups terminates (due to inner
      reasons), the other group becomes active (due to both the inner tendency of
      generating periodic bursts and the postinhibitory rebound).

PMID- 3398977
TI  - [The chromatic characteristics of neuronal receptor fields in the visual cortex
      of the baronduki].
AB  - 39 orientation-selective neurons and 25 neurons responding to total illumination
      of the receptive field were investigated by exposing to achromatic and chromatic
      stimuli. Switching on and off of the bar stationary stimuli has revealed that
      orientation-selective neurons were not chromatically opponent. But when they were
      tested by moving chromatic bars, pronounced maximum responses were found either
      to green (520-540 nm) or to blue (449-458 nm) colours. 7 neurons of 39 were
      either not activated by exposure to achromatic stimuli of any brightness or were
      slightly activated. Among 25 neurons responding to total illumination of
      receptive field, 5 neurons were chromatically opponent. They responded by
      prolonged tonic activation to the switching on of the green and switching off of
      the blue stimuli.

PMID- 3398978
TI  - [Effect of penicillin on the discrimination function of the auditory cortex
      neurons in the cat].
AB  - Responses and receptive fields of neurons in auditory cortex (AI) were studied in
      acute nembutal-anaesthetized cats before and during ionophoretic application of
      penicillin. Frequency and duration of impulse responses to tone bursts were
      increased during application in the majority (83%) of neurons. Increase of
      receptive fields and decline of frequency selectivity were found in 80% of
      neurons. The data obtained are regarded as proofs of decisive role of GABA-ergic
      inhibition in formation of functional receptive fields of auditory cortical
      neurons.

PMID- 3398979
TI  - Importance of liver interstitial pressure on sodium retention.
AB  - Experiments were performed on 23 dogs to assess the effect of splanchnic pooling
      on renal hemodynamics and Na retention. When the thoracic duct pressure was
      raised to 40 cm H2O (HTDP), liver interstitial pressure rose from 9.0 +/- 0.4 to
      19.8 +/- 1.1 cm H2O. Simultaneously, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal
      plasma flow fell in the left kidney from 16.3 +/- 1.7 to 9.6 +/- 1.3 and from
      73.7 +/- 12.2 to 44.3 +/- 9.8 ml.min-1, respectively (p less than 0.01). UNa.V
      fell to 59 +/- 9% of control value (p less than 0.01). Plasma antidiuretic
      hormone (ADH) rose from 29.5 +/- 7.7 to 46.9 +/- 9.2 pg.ml-1 (p less than 0.05).
      When a portocaval shunt (PCS) was opened in 10 dogs during HTDP after the first
      set of experimental measurements, splanchnic pressure fell from 17.2 +/- 1.1 to
      11.5 +/- 1.2 cm H2O, attended by a return towards control of GFR. ADH fell
      significantly to 16.5 +/- 8.1 during PCS, and to 9.7 +/- 1.5 pg.ml-1 during a
      last, postexperimental control period. Instead, UNa.V remained unchanged at the
      low levels measured during HTDP alone. When the HTDP was released in the 17 dogs
      without, and the 10 dogs with PCS, all variables became indistinguishable from
      control, except for UNa.V, which remained reduced, even in 4 aldosterone-escaped
      animals. No significant change in any of these variables occurred in 6 sham
      operated control animals. These data demonstrate that it is possible to increase
      interstitial liver pressure through the lymph duct.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3398980
TI  - Protection of renal function and of nutritional status in uremic rats by means of
      a low-protein, low-phosphorus supplemented diet.
AB  - A low-protein, low-phosphorus diet supplemented with essential amino acids and
      keto analogues was given to 12 rats, starting from the 90th day after subtotal
      nephrectomy. The purpose was to assess its effect on the residual renal function
      and on the nutritional status in rats with already established severe renal
      failure. Ten control rats in the same conditions, following a standard diet
      supplying normal amounts of protein and phosphorus were also studied. The
      supplemented diet exerted a well-evident protection of residual renal function
      and structure: lower rate of decline of creatinine clearance, lower mortality,
      significant decrease of proteinuria and almost total absence of histological
      signs of activity. The nutritional status was also well protected by the dietary
      therapy: increase of body weight, normal values of total serum protein, and low
      constant values of urea appearance. In the control rats body weight decreased,
      total serum protein was lower than normal and the values of urea appearance were
      increasing simultaneously with a decreasing food intake and body weight.

PMID- 3398981
TI  - Primary role of hyperkalemia in the acidosis of hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism.
AB  - A 65-year-old woman with mild renal insufficiency had persistent hyperkalemia and
      hyperchloremic acidosis. Her plasma aldosterone level was relatively low for her
      hyperkalemia, and her urine pH was low. Fludrocortisone acetate administration
      corrected both hyperkalemia and acidosis by increasing urinary excretion of
      potassium and net acid, implicating deficient mineralocorticoid activity in the
      distal renal tubule in this patient. During this medication urinary ammonium
      excretion increased, but urine pH remained low, so that urinary titratable acid
      excretion did not decrease. On the other hand, correction of hyperkalemia by
      administration of a potassium-calcium exchange resin alone also resolved the
      acidosis by increasing urinary ammonium excretion. This increment exceeded the
      decrement of urinary titratable acid excretion, which was caused by raised urine
      pH secondary to increased urinary ammonium excretion, and resulted in increase of
      net acid excretion. Thus, in this patient, hyperkalemia appears to be a decisive
      causative factor in the acidosis, with deficient mineralocorticoid effect only
      contributing in part to the reduction of net acid excretion and the acidosis.

PMID- 3398982
TI  - Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between furosemide and
      hydrochlorothiazide in nephrotic patients.
AB  - We examined the response of 8 patients with nephrotic syndrome (creatinine
      clearance 70.4 +/- 16.0 ml/min) to oral furosemide (F; 40 mg) in the absence
      (control) and in the presence of oral hydrochlorothiazide (HCT; 100 mg). In the
      24-hour period after oral F, HCT was shown to increase urine volume and urinary
      sodium and chloride excretion. Increment was most significant during the 12- to
      24-hour period. Enhancement of the diuresis with HCT was associated neither with
      a significant increase in the area under the curve of plasma F concentration nor
      an increase in urinary F excretion. Urinary excretion of glucuronidated F, one of
      the main metabolites of F, however, was decreased with HCT. In summary, HCT
      significantly enhanced the response to F in nephrotic patients.

PMID- 3398983
TI  - In vivo platelet hyperreactivity, another risk factor for patients under
      continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.
AB  - A high mortality rate due to thromboembolic accidents has been described in
      patients undergoing chronic haemodialysis. This type of complications, although
      recognized, has not been appropriately evaluated in continuous ambulatory
      peritoneal dialysis patients. The present study demonstrates that continuous
      ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients present in vivo platelet hyperreactivity,
      as evidenced by enhanced platelet responses to epinephrine ex vivo and an
      increased MDA/MDAa index which traduces a decreased threshold for activation of
      the arachidonate pathway and subsequent thromboxane production. Since the
      etiopathogeny of this platelet abnormality seems to be related to abnormalities
      in lipid metabolism, compounds such as fish oil must be beneficial in the
      management of this risk factor.

PMID- 3398984
TI  - Effect of levamisole on chemotaxis of granulocytes from uremic patients.
AB  - Uremic granulocyte chemotaxis was assessed in the presence of four different
      concentrations of levamisole. Chemotactic responsiveness of uremic granulocytes
      was significantly decreased compared to normal, both in the absence of levamisole
      and with all levamisole concentrations tested. However, with 10(-3) and 10(-4) M
      levamisole concentrations, uremic granulocyte chemotaxis was similar to that of
      normal granulocytes without levamisole. Defective chemotactic activity of
      granulocytes may play a role in the increased susceptibility of uremic patients
      to infections. Pharmacological correction of this defect may improve the
      patients' ability to cope with infections.

PMID- 3398985
TI  - High incidence of glomerular sclerosis in rats subjected to uninephrectomy at
      young age.
AB  - To examine the effect of age on a compensatory renal growth, adaptive renal
      hemodynamics and renal histology in solitary kidney, unilateral nephrectomy was
      performed in young rats at 4 weeks of age (group 4-UN) or in adult rats at 10
      weeks of age (group 10-UN). Urinary protein was measured every 4 weeks until the
      48th week. Serial changes in kidney weight, glomerular filtration rate (GFR),
      renal plasma flow (RPF) and renal histology were investigated at weeks 4, 8, 24
      and 48 after the uninephrectomy. Increase in proteinuria was significantly
      greater in group 4-Un than in group 10-UN from weeks 32-48 after uninephrectomy.
      The remnant kidney showed a compensatory enlargement which was more marked in
      group 4-UN than in group 10-UN at weeks 24 and 48. GFR or RPF in group 4-UN was
      significantly greater than that in group 10-UN at weeks 4, 8, and 24. Focal and
      segmental glomerular sclerosis was evident at week 24 or later in the
      uninephrectomized rats, being more severe in group 4-UN than in group 10-UN at
      week 48. We conclude that uninephrectomy in young rats leads to augmented
      compensatory renal growth and glomerular hyperperfusion, resulting in extensive
      glomerular sclerosis compared to that in adult rats.

PMID- 3398986
TI  - Aluminium excretion by the distal tubule of the pig kidney.
AB  - The renal tubular handling of aluminium was investigated, using the stop-flow
      method, in 8 pigs (2 controls, 2 'dose range', and 4 experimental). Aluminium was
      measured by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy. In 11 stop-flow
      studies in the 4 experimental pigs, intratubular aluminium concentrations,
      corrected for water reabsorption, peaked in the distal nephron. Interrupted stop
      flow revealed that aluminium was excreted into the tubule at this site. The
      aluminium excretion site was situated at or close to the sites of maximal calcium
      and sodium reabsorption. Aluminium excretion occurs in the distal tubule of the
      pig kidney.

PMID- 3398988
TI  - How much heparin intraperitoneally is necessary in CAPD?

PMID- 3398987
TI  - Minimal-change nephrotic syndrome associated with subcutaneous eosinophilic
      lymphoid granuloma (Kimura's disease).
AB  - A 29-year-old Japanese male with a 19-year history of subcutaneous eosinophilic
      lymphoid granuloma (Kimura's disease) was referred to the Nephrology Service of
      the Nihon University Hospital for evaluation of edema and massive proteinuria.
      The renal biopsy disclosed minimal glomerular lesions. In this paper a case of
      nephrotic syndrome associated with eosinophilic lymphoid granuloma is reported.

PMID- 3398989
TI  - Diagnostic significance of anticytoplasmatic antibodies (ACPA/ANCA) in detection
      of Wegener's granulomatosis and other forms of vasculitis.

PMID- 3398990
TI  - Thiamine deficiency and hepatorenal syndrome.

PMID- 3398991
TI  - Dopaminergic system and monoamine oxidase-B activity in Alzheimer's disease.
AB  - The possible involvement of dopaminergic neurons in dementia of Alzheimer type
      (AD/SDAT) was studied in autopsied brains from 20 patients with AD/SDAT. Dopamine
      (DA) concentrations were decreased significantly in the temporal cortex,
      hippocampal cortex and hippocampus in AD/SDAT patients. Levels of homovanillic
      acid (HVA) were not altered compared to controls. The HVA/DA ratio was
      significantly higher in the hippocampus of AD/SDAT patients, suggesting
      overactivity of the remaining DA neurons. Histological findings of substantia
      nigra suggesting coexistent pathology of Parkinson's disease (PD) found in 25% of
      cases were associated with lowered levels of DA in striatum and with reduced HVA
      in CSF. The activity of monoamine oxidase-B was significantly increased in the
      cortical areas and in the hippocampus, obviously reflecting the underlying cell
      loss and substantial gliosis in these areas of the brain. In general, DA neurons
      seemed to be only mildly involved in AD/SDAT. Coexistent PD pathology can explain
      the loss of DA in the striatum and the presence of clinical PD symptoms in some
      patients with AD/SDAT. Otherwise the clinical relevance of these dopaminergic
      alterations is unclear.

PMID- 3398993
TI  - Reduced disease in aged rats treated chronically with ibopamine, a
      catecholaminergic drug.
AB  - As part of preclinical safety testing for carcinogenicity, postpubertal (50 days
      old) rats were dosed (0, 30, 90 or 180 mg/kg/day) with ibopamine (N
      methyldopamine, 0,0'-diisobutyroyl ester.HCl; SK&F 100168) for 730 consecutive
      days. Neoplastic and nonneoplastic lesions were identified histologically in all
      rats that died during the period of dosing, as well as in those that were killed
      after it was completed. Six neoplastic lesions (adrenal cortical, mammary, and
      pituitary adenoma, skin papilloma, pheochromocytoma and mammary adenocarcinoma)
      and five nonneoplastic lesions (chronic glomerulonephropathy, renal pelvic
      mineralization, hepatocellular proliferative nodule, galactoceles and chronic
      cardiomyopathy) were significantly reduced in a dose-related fashion in at least
      one sex of ibopamine-treated rats. In addition, age-related alopecia and atrophy
      of the adrenal zona glomerulosa were retarded by ibopamine treatment. Squamous
      cell skin carcinoma was the only lesion that was significantly (p less than 0.05)
      increased in the treated groups. Mortality during the study was not significantly
      different in treated and control groups, indicating that the lower incidence of
      disease in ibopamine-treated rats was a drug effect and not an artifact of
      differential survival. Although life span was not measured, ibopamine-treated
      rats had significantly less malignant lesions than controls at the end of dosing,
      suggesting a potentially positive effect of treatment on population survival. As
      the result of these beneficial effects, ibopamine may be useful for future study
      of factors affecting the occurrence of disease during aging.

PMID- 3398992
TI  - Altered response of fibroblasts from aged and Alzheimer donors to drugs that
      elevate cytosolic free calcium.
AB  - Previous studies demonstrate that resting intracellular calcium in cultured skin
      fibroblasts declines due to in vivo aging and is further depressed by Alzheimer's
      disease. These data suggest that altered calcium homeostasis may underlie the
      deficits in cell function (e.g., cell spreading) that also occur in these cells.
      Depressed cytosolic free calcium in fibroblasts from aged and Alzheimer donors
      can be elevated by various drug treatments. 3,4-Diaminopyridine, serum, N-formyl
      methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine and bradykinin increased cytosolic free calcium
      transiently although the rate of the increase was slower and the magnitude of the
      rise was less in cells from aged and Alzheimer donors when compared to young
      donors. Four minutes after N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine or bradykinin
      treatment cytosolic free calcium returned to resting levels in all six cell
      lines. Six minutes after either serum or 3,4-diaminopyridine treatments, however,
      cytosolic free calcium in cells from aged and Alzheimer donors remained elevated
      at concentrations similar to the resting calcium level in young cells. Bradykinin
      and serum were effective in the absence of extracellular calcium but 3,4
      diaminopyridine and N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine were not. These
      demonstrate that dynamic, as well as resting calcium homeostasis, is altered in
      cultured skin fibroblasts from aged and Alzheimer donors.

PMID- 3398994
TI  - Acetylcholine receptors at mature and aged mouse neuromuscular junctions.
AB  - The density and distribution of junctional and perijunctional ACh receptors
      (AChR) were studied in young (8-12 months) and old (24-25 months) C57 mice to
      determine: (1) if increased amplitude of spontaneous postsynaptic potentials
      previously reported in old C57 muscle was due to increased junctional AChR; (2)
      if increased extrajunctional AChR would be found in association with previously
      reported nerve terminal complexity; and (3) if extrajunctional AChR was present
      as in disused or denervated muscle. Microdissection of individual muscle fibers
      combined with I125-alpha-bungarotoxin labeling, gamma counting, measurement of
      surface area, cholinesterase stains, and autoradiography were used to obtain the
      results. In both young and old mice there was a sharp gradient in AChR between
      the end-plate and the perijunctional region. End-plate AChR densities and total
      AChR per end-plate were the same at old and young end-plates, as were
      perijunctional values. Thus, neither end-plate nor extrajunctional AChR density
      changes with age. An increased mepp amplitude reported previously in old CB57
      animals must be due to other factors. The perijunctional AChR in old mice show no
      changes characteristic of disuse or denervation, or those which might give rise
      to the observed nerve terminal complexity.

PMID- 3398995
TI  - Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide neuron changes in the senile rat
      suprachiasmatic nucleus.
AB  - The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is thought to be the main neuronal oscillator
      underlying circadian rhythmicity of different biological phenomena such as sleep
      wakefulness and body temperature. Although numerous studies in old rats showed
      that circadian organization is clearly disturbed in senescence, no decrease in
      total SCN cell number has been observed. However, in an earlier study we found a
      significant decrease of approximately 30% in the number of immunocytochemically
      stained vasopressin (VP) neurons in the SCN of the old rat. The aim of the
      present study was to examine whether another group of SCN neurons, i.e., the
      vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) cells, shows age-related changes parallel
      with disturbances found in sleep/wake parameters. Immunocytochemical staining
      with antiVIP followed by morphometric analysis revealed a 36% decrease in the
      number of immunoreactive VIP neurons in the SCN of old rats as compared to young
      ones. The average size of the remaining VIP cells increased in aged rats. The
      rapid-eye-movement (REM)-sleep time was negatively correlated with the
      immunoreactive VIP cell number in the old animals. VP and VIP alterations in the
      SCN may constitute an anatomical substrate for the circadian disturbances
      observed in senescence.

PMID- 3398996
TI  - [An electrocardiographic abnormality called torsade de pointes in a patient of
      subarachnoid hemorrhage].
AB  - We report the findings in a patient in whom torsade de pointes atypical
      ventricular tachycardia occurred as a complication of subarachnoid hemorrhage.
      The patient was a 54-year-old female and she was admitted to our hospital to
      treat gastric ulcer on October 8, 1985. The electrocardiogram on admission showed
      mild left ventricular hypertrophy. She complained of severe headache and nausea
      in hospital on November 10 and she was transferred to our department. Her
      consciousness was clear. Computed tomography revealed a subarachnoid hemorrhage
      and left carotid angiogram showed a left middle cerebral artery aneurysm.
      Laboratory findings of blood and a chest roentgenogram were normal, but the
      electrocardiogram revealed a prominent prolongation of the QT interval and
      generalized giant negative T waves. The aneurysm was clipped on November 11, but
      a torsade de pointes atypical ventricular tachycardia occurred after clipping of
      the aneurysm during the surgery. Several anti-arrhythmic agents were not
      effective but phenytoin suppressed the arrhythmia. Postoperative course was
      almost uneventful. Since she had mild right hemiparesis, she continued the
      rehabilitation in our department. Five months later her electrocardiographic
      findings became normal. Prolongation of the QT interval and the giant negative T
      wave are typical electrocardiographic abnormalities in patients of subarachnoid
      hemorrhage, causing a predisposition to torsade de pointes ventricular
      tachycardia. The arrhythmia should be kept in mind as a complication in a
      viewpoint of the management of subarachnoid hemorrhage in the acute stage.

PMID- 3398997
TI  - [Allergic granulomatous angiitis with subarachnoid hemorrhage--a case report].
AB  - A case of allergic granulomatous angiitis showing various symptoms of the central
      nervous system is reported. A 29-year-old female was admitted to our hospital
      because of severe headache and urinary incontinence. Consciousness was drowsy,
      and right IIIrd cranial nerve palsy was observed. CT scan revealed subarachnoid
      hemorrhage, hydrocephalus and arachnoid cyst. Since no aneurysm or arteriovenous
      malformation was detected by angiography, continuous ventricular drainage was
      performed. Marked hypertension due to renal vascular origin was suggested by
      means of laboratory data about serum renin etc., so renal as well as cerebral
      angiography was carried out by Seldinger's method. There revealed aneurysms of
      the left renal artery and a branch of the left anterior cerebral artery. Then,
      ventriculo-peritoneal shunt and resection of left frontal aneurysm were done.
      Microscopic finding of the excised aneurysm was necrotizing angiitis with
      infiltration of eosinophil. Six days after the operation, CT scan showed
      asymptomatic subcortical hematoma at the right occipital lobe. The patient was in
      good condition and had no cerebral or other complication following steroid
      therapy. The present case was considered as a very rare one because no case with
      subarachnoid hemorrhage and cerebral aneurysm due to allergic granulomatous
      angiitis was reported in the previous literature.

PMID- 3398998
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of subarachnoid hemorrhage of unknown etiology].
AB  - This study concerns 16 cases with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) of
      unknown etiology experienced in our department during a period from September
      1979 through August 1986. SAH was confirmed by computed tomographic scanning (CT)
      or lumbar puncture. All cases were studied by four or three-vessel study. In the
      case of three-vessel study, adequate opacification of the posterior inferior
      cerebellar artery contralateral to the injected vertebral artery was considered
      as a necessary condition. Panangiography was repeated in all patients one to two
      weeks after the initial study and was negative. The severity of SAH in these
      patients on admission was relatively mild (Hunt and Kosnik grade I + II = 75%),
      and the degree of subarachnoid bleeding on CT was also mild. Medium to long-term
      outcome was excellent or good in 81% of cases, and none of them experienced
      rebleeding. Only one patient died of severe vasospasm on the 20th hospital day,
      but no aneurysm was found at autopsy. Illustrative 3 patients in whom the cause
      of SAH had been finally found was briefly reported. In the first patient, SAH was
      secondary to a paraventricular cryptic angioma. In the second patient, a
      microaneurysm had been concealed at the initial angiography by the parent
      arteries or intra-aneurysmal clot. In the third case of a fusiform aneurysm of
      the vertebral artery, the aneurysm proximal to the posterior inferior cerebellar
      artery could not be found at the first three-vessel angiography. Importance of CT
      and the necessity of repeat panangiography including magnification or oblique
      views so as not to over-look the causative vascular abnormalities were
      emphasized.

PMID- 3399000
TI  - [Traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage--clinical study of 16 cases].
AB  - Three hundred and eighty three cases with head injury were admitted to our
      hospital during period from March 1985 to October 1986. Among these cases, 16
      (4.2%) had subarachnoid hemorrhage as revealed on computerized tomography (CT)
      scan; other CT findings included epidural hematoma, subdural hematoma and/or
      cerebral contusion. Traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage was most frequently found
      in the ambient and/or sylvian fissure. This suggests that head blow tended to
      product shear strain at the brainstem and in the direction from temporal tip to
      frontal base. Furthermore tentorial edge and sphenoid ridge may have played an
      important role in producing subarachnoid hemorrhage. Of the 6 cases with the
      hemorrhage localized in the unilateral cisterns, 5 cases had the hemorrhage in
      the cisterns opposite to the blow site. This suggests that shear strain was
      produced more strongly at the opposite side to the blow site. The cases with
      subarachnoid hemorrhage in the prepontine and/or interpeduncular cistern had
      severe brainstem damage and their prognosis was very poor, while those with the
      hemorrhage localized in the ambient cistern, quadrigeminal cistern and/or sylvian
      fissure without other findings had good prognosis.

PMID- 3398999
TI  - [A study of continuous cerebrospinal fluid drainage in patients with subarachnoid
      hemorrhage].
AB  - The influences of continuous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage on vasospasm and
      hydrocephalus were analyzed retrospectively in 150 patients with subarachnoid
      hemorrhage (SAH) due to ruptured intracranial aneurysms (32 cases of grade 1, 85
      cases of grade 2, and 33 cases of grade 3 by the Hunt and Hess classification).
      One hundred and seven of these cases received CSF drainage (cisternal,
      ventricular, lumbar, or a combination of these). The volume of CSF drainage
      within the first week after onset was 975 +/- 513 ml (mean +/- SD). The total
      volume of CSF drainage was 2063 +/- 1635 ml (mean +/- SD). The duration of CSF
      drainage was 10.6 +/- 6.8 days (mean +/- SD). Ten of 46 cases given no drainage
      within the first week after onset, nine of 55 cases with a drainage volume of
      less than 1000 ml within the first week, and 24 of 49 cases with a drainage
      volume of more than 1000 ml within the first week showed vasospasm. There was a
      statistically significant dose-response (drainage volume-vasospasm) relationship
      (p less than 0.005, Mantel extension method). Four of 43 cases with no drainage,
      26 of 67 cases with a total drainage volume of less than 2000 ml, and 24 of 40
      cases with a total drainage volume of more than 2000 ml developed hydrocephalus.
      There was a statistically significant dose-response (drainage volume
      hydrocephalus) relationship (p less than 0.005, Mantel extension method).
      Vasospasm and hydrocephalus were statistically associated (p less than
      0.005).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3399001
TI  - [Hydrocephalus and vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured
      intracranial aneurysms].
AB  - The relationship of the amount of subarachnoid blood to the incidence of acute
      hydrocephalus, delayed vasospasm, and chronic hydrocephalus was investigated in
      47 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysms.
      Acute hydrocephalus, delayed vasospasm, and chronic hydrocephalus occurred in
      29%, 7%, and 14% of Fisher Group 1 & 2 patients respectively, in contrast, 70%,
      64%, and 58% of Fisher Group 3 patients (p less than 0.01). Thirty six percents
      of all patients had both acute hydrocephalus and vasospasm; Thirty two percents
      had neither. Twenty one percents had acute hydrocephalus, but no spasm; Eleven
      percents had spasm, but no acute hydrocephalus. Acute hydrocephalus and vasospasm
      were significantly associated (p less than 0.05). Most of patients with chronic
      hydrocephalus showed severe subarachnoid hemorrhage on initial CT scan, followed
      acute hydrocephalus, and highly associated with vasospasm. These sequelae of SAH
      are closely linked, mainly by the presence of subarachnoid clot, but there may be
      some direct causal relationship between them.

PMID- 3399002
TI  - [Hydrocephalus after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage].
AB  - Diagnosis of hydrocephalus after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage has been
      facilitated by CT, but the true incidence and pathogenesis of the condition
      remain to be clarified. Extent of ventricular dilatation does not necessarily
      correlate with clinical symptoms and the indication of shunting operation is by
      no means definite. Consecutive 117 patients with ruptured aneurysm were
      retrospectively studied for possible factor(s) for development of hydrocephalus
      in the chronic stage. The incidence of chronic hydrocephalus was found to be high
      in those patients with aneurysm of the anterior communicating artery, those
      harboring acute hydrocephalus, those admitted with higher clinical grades, those
      showing thick clots and gyral enhancement on initial CT, and those who received
      tranexamic acid in excess of 30 g.

PMID- 3399003
TI  - [Vascular anomalies associated with anterior communicating aneurysms].
AB  - Using a bifrontal trans-interhemispheric approach, we have performed direct
      operations on 206 cases of aneurysm of the anterior communicating artery, 44 of
      which (21.4%) had vascular anomalies associated with the aneurysm. Those
      anomalies included 27 cases (13.1%) with median artery of the corpus callosum, 20
      cases (9.7%) with duplication of the anterior communicating artery and one case
      (0.5%) with duplication of the A1 portion. Preoperative diagnosis of the
      duplications was not possible on the basis of angiograms. Moreover, preoperative
      diagnosis of the median artery using angiography was unambiguous in only 11 of
      the 27 cases (41%). The majority (81.5%) of the aneurysms of the anterior
      communicating artery in cases with a median artery of the corpus callosum were
      found to develop at the trifurcation of the anterior communicating artery, the A2
      portion and the median artery of the corpus callosum.

PMID- 3399004
TI  - [A case of ophthalmoplegic migraine with cerebral aneurysm].
AB  - A case of ophthalmoplegic migraine with cerebral aneurysm is reported. A 47-year
      old female with a 17-year history of migraine was admitted. She had three attacks
      of severe migrainous headache accompanied with nausea and vomiting within three
      weeks. Soon after the third attack, she noticed diplopia and left blepharoptosis.
      Lumbar puncture revealed no hemorrhage but the cerebral angiogram demonstrated an
      aneurysm at the junction of the left internal carotid artery and the posterior
      communicating artery. Operation revealed that the oculomotor nerve was not
      compressed by the aneurysm. But the oculomotor nerve had an indentation produced
      by the posterior communicating artery at 1-2 mm distal to the midbrain. A piece
      of sponge was then inserted between the nerve and the responsible artery. After
      the operation, her oculomotor nerve palsy was gradually improved and she
      discharged with mild anisocoria. The exact pathogenesis of ophthalmoplegia in
      ophthalmoplegic migraine is still unknown. In our case, cross compression of the
      oculomotor nerve with dilated posterior communicating artery seemed to be the
      cause of ophthalmoplegia.

PMID- 3399005
TI  - [Lipo prostaglandin E1 administration in the acute stage following subarachnoid
      hemorrhage].
AB  - Prostaglandin (PG) E1 is a potent vasodilator on the peripheral vessels and also
      has an inhibitory action of platelet aggregation. Thus it is expected that PGE1
      may be used for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm due to aneurysmal
      subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Lipo-PGE1, lipid emulsified PGE1 less destroyed in
      the lung, has much longer half life time in the circulation than PGE1 which is
      rapidly inactivated in the lung. A pilot study, examining the clinical effect of
      Lipo-PGE1 on cerebral vasospasm, was performed. Of 27 patients with a ruptured
      anterior circulation aneurysm, who were operated on at acute stage, 12 were
      treated with Lipo-PGE1 and hypervolemic therapy (Lipo-PGE1 treated group) and 15
      with hypervolemic only (control group). After the aneurysm was clipped, Lipo
      PGE1, containing 15 micrograms of PGE1 was administered every 8 hours for 2
      weeks. The appearance and severity of symptomatic vasospasm were less in the Lipo
      PGE1 treated group than the control, and the outcome of the Lipo-PGE1 treated
      patients with or without vasospasm improved significantly at 1 month follow-up
      examination. The cerebral blood flow (CBF) measurements were performed three
      times, at first (1st), second to third (2nd) and fourth to sixth (3rd) week after
      SAH. In the Lipo-PGE1 treated group, the 1st CBF measurement was done before
      administration of Lipo-PGE1 started and the 2nd examination was performed after
      the completion of administration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3399006
TI  - [A case of eclampsia with intraventricular hemorrhage].
AB  - Our case is a 31-year-old primipara who had undergone a cesarean section for
      multiple pregnancy and was referred to our clinic because of attack of eclampsia.
      On admission, her consciousness level was lethargic. Computed tomography on
      admission showed high density area indicating right paraventricular hemorrhage
      with ventricular perforation, and low density areas in bilateral basal ganglia.
      Examination of the cerebral angiogram done six days after onset of symptoms
      revealed multisegmental vasospasm in Willis' circle mainly. An emergent
      ventricular drainage was performed. Two weeks later, repeat angiogram revealed
      that spasm had almost disappeared. Repeat CT scan three months after the onset
      showed small low density area in the right caudate nucleus and disappearance of
      the low density areas in bilateral basal ganglia. Her clinical course was
      uneventful and she was discharged without neurological deficit at about three
      weeks after the onset. In spite of absence of subarachnoid clot on CT scan,
      remarkable multisegmental spasm was found on cerebral angiogram. We suspected
      that eclampsia may have been responsible for the spasm in this case. Bleeding was
      believed to have originated in the superolateral angle of the lateral ventricle.
      It was supposed that infarcted hemorrhage or bleeding from small artery due to
      changes in arterial or venous pressure might have occurred and penetrated into
      the lateral ventricle.

PMID- 3399007
TI  - [Delayed intracerebral hemorrhage following VP shunt operation].
AB  - Three cases of communicating hydrocephalus after subarachnoid hemorrhage are
      reported that underwent ventriculoperitoneal shunt and suffered from delayed
      intracerebral hemorrhage along the ventricular catheter. Ventricular catheters
      were inserted into the posterior horn with minimal brain damage by our method, in
      case 1 and 2, 3 times try of ventriculostomy, in case 3, replacement along the
      same route on the shunt revision. Blood pressure control after the operation was
      good and bleeding tendency was not observed. Vascular anomaly was not found in
      preoperative angiography in any case. In case 1, 60 year-old man, intracerebral
      hemorrhage occurred on the 7th-9th postoperative day as the result of respiratory
      acidosis and generalized convulsion which needed assisted ventilation for two
      days. In case 2, 54 year-old man and case 3, 59 year-old woman, headache and
      hemiparesis suddenly developed immediately after micturition 4 days after
      operation. Postoperative CT scan revealed that cranioplasty, performed at the
      same time as shunt operation, caused mass effect on the shunted side of the brain
      in case 2. In case 3, VP shunt system revised did not seem to function so well.
      These conditions might predispose the shunted brain to bleed, in addition to the
      increased intracranial pressure or blood pressure probably produced by Valsalva
      effect at micturition. These cases indicate that the small surgical wound in the
      brain induced by shunt procedure could cause progressive degenerative vascular
      change and bring about delayed intracranial hemorrhage under some predisposing
      factors.

PMID- 3399008
TI  - [Spontaneous hematomyelia properly diagnosed with magnetic resonance imaging].
AB  - A case of spontaneous hematomyelia with symptoms localized to the C 5-6 level is
      presented. Myelography and metrizamide CT scan failed to demonstrate the lesion,
      while magnetic resonance imaging clearly revealed a small intramedullary mass in
      the ventral portion of C 3-4. Subsequent intensity changes over four weeks
      indicated the lesion to be hematoma. The patient was successfully treated through
      an anterior approach.

PMID- 3399009
TI  - [A case of spontaneous cervical epidural hematoma associated with cervical
      spondylosis].
AB  - A case of spontaneous cervical epidural hematoma associated with long-term
      cervical spondylosis is presented. A 69-year-old man was admitted with a 3-day
      history of sudden onset of severe neck pain radiating to both upper extremities
      followed by impossibility in standing. Neurological examination on admission
      revealed paralysis below C7, total anesthesia below the T4 level and urinary
      incontinence. Initially, he was diagnosed as cervical cord injury caused by a
      violent fall. Subsequently, skeletal traction with tongs of the Crutchfield
      design was carried out. Nevertheless, he developed spinal shock 6 days after
      admission. A metrizamide myelogram followed by CT scanning 5 days after admission
      demonstrated an extradural isodensity mass displacing dura forward. The mass
      lesion was confirmed as spontaneous epidural hematoma by laminectomy from C4 to
      C7. Sudden onset of neck pain with radiation into both upper extremities should
      be differentiated cervical epidural hematoma from other cervical spinal lesions.
      Metrizamide CT is helpful to diagnose cervical epidural hematoma.

PMID- 3399011
TI  - [Experimental simulation study on cerebral hemodynamics--Part 2: Bilateral severe
      internal carotid arterial stenosis and theoretical study].
AB  - Although cerebrovascular surgery, typically bypass procedure for example, is
      considered to change hemodynamics not only near the region but in remote sites,
      their quantitative speculation and evaluation are usually difficult because of
      mutually related multiple factors in a living body. One of the effective means is
      to stimulate expected operative procedures and resulting changes by use of a
      hydraulic vascular model. We have already reported the hemodynamics in bilateral
      moderate ICA stenosis and their changes after EC-IC bypass. In this research,
      vascular model of bilateral severe ICA stenosis has been manufactured with
      silicon and glass tubes. Peripheral vascular resistance (Rp) is so adjusted as to
      obtain an arterial flow of 180 ml/min at an intraluminal pressure of 60 mmHg.
      Four kinds of stenosis segments, Ra (2.59 mm in diameter), Rb (1.94 mm), Rc (1.12
      mm) and Rd (0.84 mm) are prepared and used in the models. In addition,
      theoretical study was performed in an unilateral ICA stenosis to evaluate
      quantitatively and extensively the effects of stenosis and cut bypass flow on the
      ICA flow and bypass flow. The results obtained are as follows: 1. Under marked
      low flow conditions from 55% to 30% of normal value simulated in this study,
      collateral flow from the opposite ICA has reached the maximum and therefore its
      increase is no more expected against the advance of the stenosis. 2. Both
      increase of the hemispheric flow and decrease of the carotid flow were still
      observed after EC-IC bypass procedures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3399010
TI  - [A case of multiple cerebral hemorrhage related to cerebral amyloid angiopathy].
AB  - A case of multiple cerebral hemorrhage in the bilateral parietal lobes related to
      cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is reported. A 66-year-old man was admitted to
      our hospital because of headache and vomiting on Feb. 21, 1983. He had no history
      of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, recent head injury, or dementia. Four days
      prior to admission, he had behaved as if he were blind, but, had denied any
      blindness. On examination, he was confused and disoriented. Blood pressure was
      130/80 mmHg. Abnormal findings on neurological examination included memory
      disturbance, apraxia for dressing, right-left disorientation, finger agnosia and
      Balint's syndrome. A CT scan showed multiple subcortical hematomas in the
      bilateral parietal lobes. Intracerebral hemorrhage related to CAA was suspected.
      Confirmation of the presence of amyloid in the cerebral vessels was established
      by examination of brain biopsy specimens. The characteristics of cerebral
      hemorrhage related to CAA are as follow--occurrence in elderly, sometimes
      demented people; localization to the cortex and subcortical white matter, with
      direct extension into the subarachnoid space; frequent multiple occurrence in
      time and/or at several sites within the cerebral hemispheres; sometimes
      occurrence after operative procedures or head injuries. A specific diagnosis of
      CAA can only be made by histological examination, but the indication of brain
      biopsy should be carefully decided because of hemostatic difficulty and tendency
      to rebleed. In conclusion, CAA should be considered as a cause of hemorrhage in
      elderly patients who are often normotensive and demented.

PMID- 3399012
TI  - [Ultrastructure of capillary permeability in human brain tumor--Part 6:
      Metastatic brain tumor with brain edema].
AB  - Metastatic brain tumors very often cause severe brain edema. We examined
      ultrastructural findings of capillaries of these tumors and discussed the causes
      of cerebral edema as compared with those of glioblastoma which were previously
      reported. Four specimens were examined: two adenocarcinomas from the lung, one
      squamous cell carcinoma from the lung and one adenocarcinoma from the breast.
      These replicas and ultrathin sections were examined by transmission electron
      microscope. The following characteristic structures were detected; the capillary
      endothelium was proliferated, had marked infolding, and an increased number of
      pinocytotic vesicles and vacuoles. Short and elongate intercellular junctions
      were present. No open junction was detected. The basal lamina lost its three
      layered appearance and was irregular in width. Among these, an appearance of
      capillary fenestration was the most conspicuous features and observed in almost
      all capillaries. Two different pathogenesis for making vasogenic edema are
      proposed in metastatic brain tumor and glioblastoma. The frequent fenestration of
      the former and activated pinocytotic vesicles of the latter are responsible for
      extravasation of the edema fluid. The differences in distribution patterns of
      fenestration in metastatic brain tumor cannot be identified with respect to
      histological types.

PMID- 3399013
TI  - [A case of isolated cerebral angiitis with sequential angiographic changes].
AB  - The pathogenesis of migraine has not been completely understood. However, it is
      generally accepted that the prodromal symptoms encountered in classic migraine
      usually result from vasoconstriction of intracranial vessels, while the headache
      itself results from dilation of other cranial vessels, often branches of the
      external carotid artery. Despite of increasing refinement in angiographic
      technique, many authors demonstrate the difficulty of interpreting abnormal
      radiographic findings in patients of migraine. We experienced recently a rare
      case who complained of migraine with neurological disorder manifesting for
      dynamic changes of cerebral arteries on sequential angiography. This 39-year-old
      man was admitted to our hospital with complaint of classic migraine accompanied
      with transient hemiparesis of the left side. Curious dynamic changes were noted
      sequentially on the repeated angiograms sequentially during his hospitalization.
      The carotid angiogram on admission showed narrowing at the right M1 portion. The
      second angiogram obtained at the fourth hospital day showed reduction of the
      narrowing, and occlusion of the right angular artery. The patient was treated
      with Ergotamine. The third angiogram taken after admission for the period of 1
      month showed increased stenosis at the right M1 portion. Isolated angiitis of
      central nervous system was suspected because of such sequential dynamic
      angiographic changes, and steroid therapy was started. However he began to suffer
      from hemiparesis of left side one week after the treatment. Therefore, EC-IC
      bypass was performed, and his symptoms were improved gradually. Migraine is one
      of the common neurologic disorders countered in clinical practice. This report
      suggests that careful observation is needed in patients of migraine.

PMID- 3399015
TI  - [A case of hypervascular meningioma: the effect of preoperative irradiation].
AB  - A 30-year-old, right handed male was admitted with headache and mild right-sided
      motor weakness of one year's duration. A CT scan revealed a mass over the left
      frontal convexity. A cerebral angiogram showed a huge, hypervascular tumor which
      was fed by bilateral external carotid and left internal carotid arteries. Because
      of its size and location, a surgical intervention was considered contraindicated
      at that time. Instead he was initially irradiated 52 Gy in total dose with 10MV x
      rays (Lineac). A CT scan 4 months thereafter revealed remarkable decrease in the
      size of tumor and reduction of its mass effect. A CT scan 12 months later,
      however, revealed increase in low density area around mass, although the size of
      the tumor was much smaller than before. He was readmitted for surgery 14 months
      after irradiation. An angiogram visualized more reduction of tumor stain and the
      caliber of feeding arteries. The tumor was totally removed without resultant
      neurological deficits. A histological diagnosis of the tumor was
      meningotheliomatous meningioma with well developed vascular networks. Meningioma
      is usually not a radiosensitive tumor, but there are some reports of cases with
      hypervascular meningiomas which have been effectively treated with irradiation
      preoperatively. In the present case, because of a huge vascular tumor in the
      dominant hemisphere, irradiation was given initial and 14 months thereafter the
      tumor was totally removed without neurological deficits.

PMID- 3399016
TI  - [A case of sparganosis mansoni cerebri as an epileptogenic lesion].
AB  - The authors report a case of sparganosis mansoni cerebri. This 33-year-old man
      had experienced adversive seizures. Plain CT demonstrated a high density area
      with surrounding low density area, and homogeneously enhanced with contrast
      medium in the frontoparietal region. 99TcO4 brain scintigram showed an abnormal
      hot area. On operating as a cerebral tumor, we had removed a living Sparganum
      mansoni from the cerebral granuloma. This is the third report in the world to our
      knowledge of literature, in which alive intracranial Sparaganum mansoni was
      removed. Sparganosis mansoni cerebri is very rare, and therefore it is very
      difficult to diagnose exactly before operation. However we should remember this
      disease considering the life history of the patient with convulsion.

PMID- 3399014
TI  - [Magnetic resonance imaging of hypothalamic hamartoma].
AB  - Magnetic resonance (MR) findings of two patients with a hypothalamic hamartoma
      are discussed. The two girls showed clinical symptoms and endocrinological signs
      of precocious puberty. MR imaging was of diagnostic value superior to that of CT
      in the demonstration of the characteristic location of this tumor and
      relationships to the neighboring structures because of its multi-dimensional
      utility. Although it has been reported that CT showed this lesion as isodense to
      the grey matter with and without injection of contrast medium, MR imaging
      depicted the lesion as a high signal intensity area on T 2-weighted images in
      both patients. MR imaging is a useful method for the evaluation of the
      hypothalamic hamartoma.

PMID- 3399017
TI  - [Use of a fenestrated aneurysm clip for transposition of the tortuous vertebral
      artery].
AB  - A 69-year-old female was admitted to our clinic on August 19, 1985 with a 5 year
      history of intermittent left facial pain. She had undergone various types of
      medical treatment and multiple procedures of nerve blocking which resulted in
      only a temporary relief of pain. On admission, the intermittent facial pain and
      hypesthesia were recognized in the 2nd and 3rd divisions of the left trigeminal
      nerve. CT scan with contrast enhancement showed a shift of the basilar artery to
      the left side. An elongated and tortuous vertebral artery was recognized at the
      left cerebello-pontine angle both by CT scan and vertebral angiograms. This
      tortuous vertebral artery compressed the trigeminal nerve entry zone causing
      neuralgia. Vascular decompression was carried out by inserting a muscle piece
      sandwiched in the lyodura between the artery and brain stem. Facial pain
      disappeared but recurred nine months after this operation. At the 2nd operation,
      the vertebral artery was passed through the fenestrated aneurysm clip and fixed
      on the petrous bone. With this procedure the vertebral artery was successfully
      transposed and the patient was discharged without any episodes of facial pain.

PMID- 3399018
TI  - [Surgical treatment of syringomyelia associated with Chiari malformation].
AB  - There is now a controversy about the methods of surgical treatment in
      syringomyelia associated with Chiari malformation. In this report, the authors
      emphasize that syringosubarachnoid shunt is effective as a surgical procedure or
      syringomyelia associated with Chiari malformation. From 1982 to 1986, 17 patients
      with syringomyelia associated with Chiari malformation were surgically treated.
      Seventeen patients underwent 22 operative procedures for syringomyelia.
      Syringosubarachnoid shunt was used in eighteen patients, foramen magnum
      decompression with syringosubarachnoid shunt in one, foramen magnum decompression
      with terminal syringostomy in one, terminal syringostomy in one, and
      ventriculoperitoneal shunt in one. The average postoperative follow up period was
      2 years and 3 months, from 4 months to 4 years and 11 months. Thirteen out of 17
      patients showed neurological improvement and 3 patients were neurologically
      unchanged. In one patient, the symptoms deteriorated. Syringosubarachnoid shunt
      is an effective therapeutic procedure for the patient with syringomyelia
      associated with Chiari malformation. We think that shunt malfunction by
      arachnoiditis after operation could be prevented by inserting the shunt tube into
      the subarachnoid space and closing the arachnoid membrane.

PMID- 3399020
TI  - [A new technique for the removal of orbital tumors--combined fronto-orbital
      approach].
AB  - Advances in the surgical approach to the orbital fossa have resulted in an
      increase in the cure of tumors involving the optic nerve and the external ocular
      muscles. In the past 10 years we have encountered 12 cases with orbital fossa
      tumors, excluding ocular tumors and inflammatory disease case. After tumor
      removal surgery, new neurological deficits such as total ophthalmoplegia were
      caused in many cases, where surgery was performed by classical Kronlein's
      technique or Dandy's transfrontal approach. So we thought that a new method for
      tumor removal should be contrived to improve postoperative results. Recently we
      have had four cases with large orbital tumors (3 cavernous angiomas and one
      schwannoma). In order to protect visual acuity and external ocular muscle
      function, we have devised a modification of the frontal craniotomy technique, the
      "combined fronto-orbital approach". Using our new method, we have successfully
      removed these four orbital tumors and with good postoperative results. We have
      concluded that our new technique is superior to other transfrontal approaches on
      several points as follows: 1) Decreased avoidable compression against the orbital
      contents and a decrease in the risk of tearing the frontal lobe dura and the peri
      orbital during fronto-orbital craniotomy. 2) Satisfactory external decompression
      and a wide operative field are obtained with simple and safe procedures. 3)
      Previously detaching the superior rectal muscle makes it easy to distinguish the
      orbital fossa pathoanatomy and to remove a tumor. 4) Good results are easily
      obtained in the reconstruction of the orbital roof and the orbital rim,
      especially in the prevention of postoperative bulbar pulsation and from cosmetic
      view point.

PMID- 3399019
TI  - [Clinicopathological studies of diffuse axonal injury--five autopsy cases].
AB  - In severe head injuries, delayed intracerebral hematoma appearing lately is noted
      due to the spread use of serial CT scan. The authors experienced the autopsy of 5
      cases who presented diffuse axonal injury (DAI) among these new lesions in
      repeated CT scan findings and report the pathohistological findings. Subjects
      were as follows: The age range of the patients was 15 to 25 years. The
      consciousness levels of the 5 cases on admission were 6 or less by the Glasgow
      coma scale. CT findings of DAI were revealed hemorrhage of the corpus callosum,
      basal ganglia, tegmentum of pons, intraventricular, and acute brain swelling.
      Total clinical courses were 2 to 29 days, but most of them were 9 or less days.
      In the macroscopic findings, marked congestion and edema revealed mainly in deep
      part of the white matter of the frontal lobe in all 5 cases. Callosal disruption
      and hematoma adjacent the corpus callosum revealed in 4 out of 5 cases. Cerebral
      contusion with hemorrhage revealed in 3 out of 5 cases. Intraventricular
      hemorrhage and traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage revealed in 2 out of 5 cases.
      Hemorrhage of basal ganglia and base of pons revealed in 2 cases. Microscopic
      examination of all 5 cases revealed pallor of myelin in the corpus callosum and
      white matter surrounding hemorrhagic lesion, and abnormal tortuous, swelling and
      fragmentation of axons in stained preparation. Axonal retraction ball was
      recognized in 3 out of 5 cases. In conclusion, five autopsied cases who presented
      acute brain swelling and hemorrhage of corpus callosum and tegmentum of pons in
      serial CT scan were examined.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3399021
TI  - [Effect of hyperthermia in combination with radiation therapy in a rat glioma
      model].
AB  - Rat glioma model was used to evaluate the effect of hyperthermia with and without
      radiation therapy. The animal model was induced by left frontal burr hole opening
      and inoculation of a small piece of G-XII glioma tissue to 6- to 8-week-old rats.
      The therapeutical experiments were given 10-14 days after inoculation of the
      tumor. Interstitial heating at 44 and 45 degrees C at the surface of the
      inserting probe using 2450 MHz microwave was delivered for 30 minutes. Deep X-ray
      whole head irradiation of 800 R using Stabilipan 2 (Siemens) was given just after
      the hyperthermia therapy. The survival of treated animals of hyperthermia,
      radiation, and combination of hyperthermia and radiation was significantly
      superior to that of non-treated control group. There was no significant
      difference of survival among the treated groups, though median survival was
      longest in the group of combination therapy of hyperthermia and radiation. Large
      tumors developed at the time of death in all the control and the treated animals.
      Histological examination showed some tendencies of macrophage infiltration in
      tumor tissue of hyperthermia therapy.

PMID- 3399022
TI  - [Growing skull fracture with rapid growth: a case report].
AB  - A case of growing skull fracture with rapid growth is presented. A 4-month-old
      male fell and struck the right side of his head. Skull X-ray just after injury
      showed a right parietotemporal linear skull fracture with the maximum width of 4
      mm. The width of the fracture line increased to 9 mm 7 hours after injury. Serial
      CT scan demonstrated growth of contusional hematoma just beneath of the fracture.
      Six days later, a pulsatile mass was palpated beneath the scalp, although
      neurological state was normal. The width of the fracture line was demonstrated to
      increase up to 11 mm on X-ray at that time. CT scan revealed subgaleal cerebral
      herniation surrounded by brain edema. He was operated 11 days after injury. It is
      thought that the contusional hematoma and following brain edema played an
      important role in the genesis of rapid growth of the skull fracture.

PMID- 3399023
TI  - Hemimegalencephaly: a clinicopathological study of four cases.
AB  - Pathological findings in four cases of hemimegalencephaly are presented. These
      cases demonstrated diffuse enlargement of the cortex with disappearance of
      horizontal layering of the neurons restricted to one hemisphere. In all cases
      there was marked enlargement of a high percentage of neurons. The nosological
      situation is discussed and is considered to be heterogeneous; cases 1-3 had
      cerebral lesions without lesions of the skin or viscera. In these three cases,
      significant glial abnormalities were found in only one. These cases and others
      quoted in the literature were considered to be a separate entity completely
      different from Bourneville's tuberous sclerosis. The aetiology of this
      developmental malformation remains unknown; genetic factors were not found. Case
      4 was associated with a cardiac lesion and with a linear sebaceous naevus
      characteristic of Solomon's syndrome. Periventricular tumours resembling
      candlewax drippings were noted. This case, close to Bourneville's disease, could
      be incorporated into the framework of neuroectodermoses together with tuberous
      sclerosis.

PMID- 3399024
TI  - Dynamics of IgG+, IgA+, and IgM+ plasma cells in the central nervous system of
      guinea pigs with chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis.
AB  - IgG+, IgA+, and IgM+ plasma cells (PC) were investigated by quantitative
      immunocytochemistry in the central nervous system (CNS) of guinea pigs with
      chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (crEAE) and in the CNS
      of controls. Frequencies of Ig+ PC in crEAE were, on average, 30-130 times higher
      than in controls. At all stages of crEAE, IgG was the dominant isotype of CNS PC.
      In the course of crEAE there was an increase in the proportion of IgG+ PC and a
      decrease in the proportions of IgM+ and, to a lesser extent, of IgA+ PC.
      Accumulation of IgM+ PC appears to be related to the acuteness of the disease.
      Our studies also indicate that IgA, in addition to IgG and IgM, is involved in
      the immunological response of crEAE in the CNS, and demonstrate that the time
      course of crEAE is characterized by isotype-specific differences in the immune
      responses of IgG+, IgM+, and IgA+ PC in the CNS.

PMID- 3399025
TI  - A case of familial, atypical Alzheimer's disease: immunohistochemical study of
      amyloid P-component.
AB  - The presence of amyloid P-component (AP) in the amyloid plaques of a case of
      familial, atypical Alzheimer's disease was examined by means of the anti-AP
      immunoperoxidase method. Many amyloid plaques stained strongly positive for AP,
      so that they were analogous in AP stainability to those of Creutzfeldt-Jakob
      disease.

PMID- 3399026
TI  - Differential activity of thymosin peptides (thymosin fraction 5) on plasma
      thyrotropin in female rats of different ages.
AB  - Thymosin fraction 5 (TF-5), a partially purified thymic preparation, has been
      previously shown to have luteinizing-hormone-releasing-hormone-releasing activity
      in perfused rat hypothalamus as well as an in vivo stimulatory effect on the
      pituitary-adrenal axis in prepubertal monkeys. We report here the effect of TF-5
      on the plasma levels of several hormones in female rats of different ages.
      Conscious free-moving Sprague-Dawley rats carrying an indwelling atrial cannula
      received a single dose of 5 mg/kg body weight of either bovine serum albumin
      (BSA) or TF-5 via cannula. In young (3-4) months and old (25 months) rats,
      thymosin induced a marked reduction of plasma thyrotropin (TSH) which was
      significantly greater than the normal circadian decline observed in the BSA
      treated controls. Senescent females (34 months) displayed high basal levels of
      TSH which showed little circadian rhythmicity and did not respond to TF-5.
      Thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), corticosterone, and prolactin levels were
      not affected by TF-5 at the dose levels tested. An age-dependent decrease in
      basal plasma levels of T4 but not T3 was observed in both BSA- and TF-5-treated
      rats. Young females given up to 10 mg BSA/kg body weight (i.v.) and noninjected
      controls had similar levels of the above hormones up to 3.5 h after BSA
      injection. These results suggest that the thymus has an inhibitory action on TSH
      in the rat, which is not mediated by the thyroid gland. Our results also suggest
      an age-related desensitization of the TSH system to thymic influence in this
      species.

PMID- 3399027
TI  - Species-specific topography of corticosteroid receptor types in rat and hamster
      brain.
AB  - In vivo and in vitro autoradiography with radiolabeled corticosteroid analogs as
      well as immunocytochemistry with monoclonal antibodies raised against the rat
      liver glucocorticoid receptor were used to determine the presence and the
      topography of two corticosteroid receptor systems (type I and type II) in hamster
      and rat brains. In the rat, the in vivo autoradiograms clearly revealed the
      retention by the type I receptor of tracer amount of [3H]corticosterone,
      primarily in the CA1 and CA2 cell field, dentate gyrus and lateral septum. In the
      hamster, tracer doses of [3H]cortisol were retained not only in the CA1, CA2,
      dentate gyrus and lateral septum, but also at high level in the CA3 and CA4
      areas. In both species, immunocytochemistry showed the widespread distribution of
      the type II receptor sites in areas such as the hippocampus, lateral septum,
      hypothalamus (particularly in the paraventricular nucleus), thalamus and cortex
      (these results were also reflected in the in vitro autoradiography). Strong cell
      nuclear glucocorticoid immunoreactivity (type II-IR) was observed in the CA1 and
      CA2 (as well as CA3 and CA4 in the hamster) pyramidal neurons. In the hippocampus
      of intact animals, type II-IR was seen in the neuronal cell nuclei. Adrenalectomy
      caused a depletion of the type II-IR signal from the cell nucleus, which returned
      1 h following subcutaneous administration of RU 28362 to adrenalectomized
      animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3399028
TI  - The anterior hypothalamus provides stimulatory input to tuberoinfundibular
      dopamine neurons which is not mediated by prolactin.
AB  - Complete or retrochiasmatic deafferentations of the mediobasal hypothalamus were
      made in female rats 7 days prior to experimentation in order to determine the
      role played by putative afferent neuronal connections (1) in maintaining the
      basal neuronal activity of tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic (TIDA) neurons, and
      (2) in the stimulatory actions of prolactin on these neurons. The neuronal
      activity of TIDA neurons was estimated by measuring the rates of synthesis,
      turnover or metabolism of dopamine (DA) in the terminals of these neurons in the
      median eminence. Complete deafferentation of the mediobasal hypothalamus reduced
      the basal rate of DA synthesis, and retrochiasmatic deafferentation decreased the
      rates of synthesis, turnover and metabolism of DA in the median eminence. A knife
      cut 1 mm rostral to the retrochiasmatic cut failed to alter basal TIDA neuronal
      activity. These results suggest that afferent neuronal inputs originating in or
      coursing through the caudal portion of the anterior hypothalamus mediate a tonic
      stimulatory influence on TIDA neurons in the female rat. Intracerebroventricular
      administration of rat prolactin or systemic administration of haloperidol (which
      increases circulating levels of prolactin) increased DA synthesis in the median
      eminence of both sham-operated rats and retrochiasmatic-deafferentated rats.
      Thus, the stimulatory action of prolactin was not blocked by retrochiasmatic
      deafferentation. In addition, elimination of the basal stimulatory action of
      endogenous prolactin by pretreating animals with bromocriptine reduced the rate
      of DA synthesis in the median eminence of both sham- and retrochiasmatic
      deafferentated rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3399029
TI  - An appropriate model for congenital hypothyroidism in the rat induced by neonatal
      treatment with propylthiouracil and surgical thyroidectomy: studies on learning
      ability and biochemical parameters.
AB  - Hypothyroidism was induced in rats by treatment with propylthiouracil through the
      mother's milk throughout the suckling period followed by surgical thyroidectomy
      without use of radioiodine. The growth of these animals was considerably retarded
      and their light-dark discriminative operant learning ability was also
      significantly decreased. Replacement therapy with thyroxine to maintain its
      normal serum concentration was effective for continuing normal growth and
      development of learning ability. Therefore, these hypothyroid rats are a useful
      model of congenital hypothyroidism. Biochemical studies showed that the
      inhibition of cerebral Na,K-ATPase and succinic dehydrogenase activities detected
      in early postnatal life in these hypothyroid rats was transient and that normal
      activities of these enzymes were later regained in adult rats. However, the
      activity of 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphohydrolase and the brain myelin
      remained low throughout life unless thyroxine was administered. Though a critical
      correlation between biochemical parameters and learning ability is still
      uncertain, these results suggest that the formation of myelin in the neonatal
      period is at least dependent on thyroid hormone and would play an important role
      in mental development.

PMID- 3399031
TI  - Metabolic mapping of functional activity in the olfactory system of normal and
      hypogonadal (hpg) mice.
AB  - The hypogonadal mouse, which lacks gonadotropin-releasing hormone, has been
      suggested as an animal model of Kallmann's syndrome, one symptom of which is
      hyposmia. We have determined the metabolic activity of the olfactory system, in
      normal and hypogonadal mice, using [14C]-2-deoxyglucose quantitative
      autoradiography. In the olfactory lobes, deoxyglucose uptake was greatest in the
      glomerular and granule cell layers and low in the olfactory nerve layer and bulb
      core. The pattern of uptake was similar in both hypogonadal and normal mice
      breathing filtered air. Exposure of normal mice to ethyl acetoacetate
      significantly increased deoxyglucose uptake in the olfactory nerve layer and
      glomerular layer, but not in the granule cell layer. Several foci of intense
      metabolic activity were produced, apparently corresponding to small groups of
      activated glomeruli. There were no changes in the secondary or tertiary
      projections of the olfactory system. In hypogonadal mice, ethyl acetoacetate
      failed to increase the number of foci and the density of labelling in the
      olfactory nerve layer and glomerular layer. These data show that the functional
      activity of the olfactory system in hypogonadal mice breathing air is apparently
      normal. However, the olfactory response to ethyl acetoacetate is significantly
      less in hypogonadal mice. Whether this is due to their lack of gonadotropin
      releasing hormone requires further experimentation.

PMID- 3399030
TI  - Growth hormone synthesis decreased after anterolateral deafferentation of the
      medial basal hypothalamus in the rat.
AB  - To study the role of the hypothalamus in the regulation of growth hormone (GH)
      synthesis, the rate of amino acid incorporation into GH in vitro was examined in
      rats with anterolateral deafferentation of the medial basal hypothalamus. Amino
      acid incorporation into GH (GH synthesis) decreased significantly 7 days after
      the deafferentation, although prolactin synthesis did not show any significant
      fluctuations. The serum GH was increased, while the pituitary GH content was
      decreased. Somatostatin in the stalk median eminence of such deafferentated
      animals decreased markedly, while GH-releasing hormone was decreased slightly but
      not significantly. Immunohistochemical examinations revealed that the number of
      somatostatin nerve terminals in the median eminence decreased markedly, while GH
      releasing hormone nerve terminals in the same area remained intact. These
      findings suggest that neural factor(s) outside the medial basal hypothalamus
      plays an important role in the regulation of GH synthesis.

PMID- 3399032
TI  - Hypothalamic serotonin lesions unmask hormone responsiveness of lordosis behavior
      in adult male rats.
AB  - Hypothalamic lesions of serotoninergic afferents following bilateral stereotoxic
      injections of the neurotoxin 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT) into the region of
      the ventromedial hypothalamus enhanced the effects of hormonally induced lordosis
      responding in both male and female rats. However, similarities and differences in
      the enhanced responsiveness to ovarian hormones were observed between the sexes.
      Compared with sham-lesioned controls, lesioned males displayed elevated lordosis
      responding to estradiol (E) priming alone, as well as to priming with E followed
      by progresterone (P). On the other hand, lesioned females displayed elevated
      lordosis in response to E priming alone, but were not different from controls in
      a synergistic facilitation of lordosis by P after E priming. With respect to
      receptivity, neither lesioned nor control males displayed ear-wiggling and hop
      darting in response to E + P, whereas both lesioned and control females were
      proceptive following this treatment. Therefore, hypothalamic lesions following
      5,7-DHT increase lordosis, but fail to unmask in males the responsiveness to E +
      P priming proceptive behaviours by females. Further, the levels of lordosis
      responding displayed by lesioned males are lower than those of either lesioned or
      control females after E + P priming, as well as those of lesioned females after E
      priming alone, thus indicating that other inhibitory mechanisms continue to
      operate in the lesioned males.

PMID- 3399033
TI  - Systemic angiotensin acts at the subfornical organ to control the activity of
      paraventricular nucleus neurons with identified projections to the median
      eminence.
AB  - The present studies were carried out to investigate the mechanisms through which
      systemic angiotensin II (AII) acts within the central nervous system to influence
      the release of anterior pituitary hormones in the Sprague-Dawley rat. In
      particular, these studies have examined the role of the subfornical organ (SFO)
      as an essential structure mediating these responses. Extracellular single-unit
      recordings were obtained from 199 paraventricular nucleus (PVN) neurons
      antidromically identified as projecting to the median eminence. Different groups
      of these neurons were tested for the effects of either electrical stimulation in
      the SFO (n = 87) or systemic AII administration in intact (n = 49) and SFO
      lesioned (n = 25) animals. Of cells tested with SFO stimulation 45% were excited,
      16% inhibited, and the remainder unaffected. Neurons which were excited were
      primarily located just medial to the magnocellular neurons in the region where
      the majority of corticotropin-releasing hormone immunoreactive cells are found.
      In contrast, inhibitory responses were observed in cells located in the dorsal
      medial PVN, a region containing thyrotropin-releasing hormone, somatostatin, and
      dopamine PVN-median eminence neurons. Following systemic AII 42% of cells tested
      showed increased activity specific to the effects of this peptide, and 20% showed
      alterations in activity associated with the cardiovascular changes induced by
      AII. In contrast, following SFO lesion only 8% of neurons tested showed specific
      excitatory responses to AII. In order to test the hypothesis that systemic AII
      may activate this excitatory SFO to PVN pathway, a further group of 35 neurons
      were tested with both SFO stimulation and AII.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3399034
TI  - Evidence for a direct action of neuropeptide Y in the rat pituitary gland.
AB  - Neuropeptide Y (NPY) has recently been localized in the rat hypothalamus. In
      order to evaluate the putative effects of NPY on pituitary function, its action
      was examined on anterior pituitary cells in culture. Also, an immunocytochemical
      method was used with the aim of localizing endogenous NPY-like material at the
      cellular and subcellular levels of the pituitary gland. In vitro studies using
      dispersed anterior pituitary cells indicated that NPY (10(-6) to 10(-9)M)
      increased the secretion of luteinizing hormone, growth hormone and prolactin,
      whereas beta-lipotropin hormone and thyrotropin secretions were not affected. The
      presence of endogenous NPY was demonstrated in gonadotrophs, somatotrophs,
      corticotrophs and some lactotrophs, but not in thyrotrophs. In immunoreactive
      cells, NPY-like material was detected in the cytoplasmic matrix, in the secretory
      granules and in the nucleus distributed primarily in the euchromatin, in the
      vicinity of the heterochromatin. NPY-like immunoreactivity was also observed at
      the plasma membrane but only scarcely. These biochemical and immunocytochemical
      results indicate that NPY may play a direct regulatory role in adenohypophyseal
      secretion.

PMID- 3399035
TI  - Changes in local cerebral glucose utilization associated with the spontaneous
      ovulatory surge of luteinizing hormone in the rat.
AB  - Brain activity during the spontaneous ovulatory surge of luteinizing hormone (LH)
      has been studied by measuring local cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU) by the
      [14C]-2-deoxyglucose method. The LCGU was determined in 37 brain areas and the
      pituitary gland in conscious, freely moving female rats in the morning and the
      late afternoon of proestrus. No increases in LCGU were detected, but,
      unexpectedly, there was a significant decrease in the LCGU measured in the
      afternoon compared with the morning of proestrus in the medial preoptic and
      anterior hypothalamic areas, the arcuate nucleus, median eminence and amygdala.
      Significant reductions in LCGU also occurred in the midbrain central grey and
      reticular formation. These results suggest that the LH and/or the prolactin surge
      is associated with a significant reduction in the activity of brain areas known
      to be essential components of the central control of gonadotropin and prolactin
      secretion. In the case of the arcuate nucleus and median eminence, for example,
      the results could be explained by a decreased activity of the opioid and
      dopaminergic neurons which are known to inhibit the release of luteinizing
      hormone releasing hormone (LHRH). Disinhibition of LHRH neurons would result in
      the increased release of LHRH into the hypophysial portal vessels. Reduction in
      the activity of the arcuate dopamine neurons could also play a major role in the
      prolactin surge. The decreased LCGU of the midbrain central grey may be related
      to the onset of lordosis behavior which appears to be time-locked to the LH
      surge.

PMID- 3399036
TI  - Vasoactive intestinal peptide treatment that increases thyroid blood flow fails
      to alter plasma T3 or T4 levels in the rat.
AB  - Vasoactive-intestinal-peptide (VIP)-containing nerve fibers impinge upon both
      follicle cells and blood vessels in the thyroid gland. We have previously shown
      that VIP induces a specific, dose-related increase in thyroid blood flow in the
      rat. However, our VIP treatments had no effect on circulating thyroid hormone
      levels. Since a number of reports have indicated that VIP can enhance thyroid
      hormone secretion, we have expanded our studies to characterize more completely
      the conditions under which VIP might stimulate thyroid hormone secretion in the
      rat. In unanesthetized, unstressed rats with chronic catheters, 33 micrograms
      VIP/100 g body weight failed to alter triiodothyronine (T3) or thyroxine (T4)
      levels and did not affect the thyroid secretory response to a submaximal dose of
      bovine TSH. In euthyroid and hyperthyroid rats, the release of 125I was increased
      after exogenous TSH, but was not altered by VIP. The only condition in which we
      observed a rise in circulating T3 levels in response to VIP was during a
      continuous 2 h infusion of a high dose (0.25 microgram/min, i.v.) of this
      peptide. However, plasma TSH levels tended to be elevated in these rats,
      suggesting an indirect effect via TSH. This suggestion is strengthened by our
      observation that VIP failed to alter T3 or T4 release after topical application
      (0.1 microgram/microliter for 3 h) in vivo or after in vitro treatment (10(-6) M
      for 4 h), even though these preparations were fully responsive to bovine
      TSH.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3399037
TI  - Neurohypophysial peptides in guinea pig hypophysial portal blood: equimolar
      release of the carboxyl terminal glycopeptide with arginine vasopressin.
AB  - A method has been devised for collecting hypophysial portal blood from the
      anaesthetised guinea pig in order to measure the release in vivo of the
      neurohypophysial peptides, oxytocin (OT), vasopressin (AVP), neurophysin (NP),
      and the glycopeptide (GP) found at the carboxyl terminus of the AVP precursor.
      These peptides were measured in samples of portal and peripheral venous plasma by
      specific radioimmunoassays. The concentration of OT and AVP was 50- to 100-fold
      higher in hypophysial portal blood than in peripheral blood, with more OT than
      AVP usually present. There were correspondingly large amounts of NP and GP also
      present in portal blood. In particular, GP levels paralleled AVP levels over a
      wide range of concentrations and in virtually equimolar proportions. These
      results provide the first in vivo evidence which shows that, as for the
      magnocellular neurohypophysial system, GP is synthesised, processed and released
      in equal amounts with AVP from their common precursor in the subpopulation of
      parvocellular AVP neurons which project from the paraventricular nucleus to the
      median eminence.

PMID- 3399038
TI  - Right hemisphere superiority for programming oculomotion: evidence from simple
      reaction time experiments.
AB  - Simple reaction times (RTs) to lateralized unstructured visual stimuli were
      measured in normal subjects while they were carrying out concomitant oculomotor
      tasks. Four tasks were used. In the first task, subjects had to find the correct
      path in a maze presented at the centre of a screen; in the second task, subjects
      had to follow a bright dot moved on a screen with variable direction, trajectory
      and velocity with their eyes; in the third task, the subjects had to follow a
      bright dot moved back and forth either horizontally or vertically along the same
      trajectory and at a constant velocity; in the fourth task, the subjects had to
      monitor the movement of a bright dot moved with variable direction, trajectory
      and velocity without moving the eyes. In all tasks, with the exception of the
      third, there was a selective lengthening of RTs mediated by the right hemisphere.
      It is concluded that the right hemisphere is dominant in programming eye
      movements.

PMID- 3399039
TI  - The effects of emotion and ocular dominance on lateral eye movement.
AB  - Lateral eye movements (LEMs) in response to emotional and nonemotional
      instructions were examined. For the emotional task, a new procedure is utilized
      which requires subjects to generate emotional images of positive and negative
      valence in auditory, visual and tactile modalities. Forty-four normal adult males
      and females (22 right-handers, 22 left-handers) participated in the experiment.
      Overall, subjects looked significantly more to the left than to the right in
      response to emotional instructions, suggesting greater right hemisphere
      involvement in the generation of emotional images. The same subjects showed no
      directional bias in response to nonemotional instructions. Although gender,
      handedness and familial sinistrality did not mediate the direction of eye
      movements, ocular dominance had an effect. For left-handed subjects, the
      direction of eye movements to nonemotional instructions was consistent with
      eyedness, e.g., right-eyed subjects produced right-sided LEMs, and left-eyed
      subjects produced left-sided LEMs.

PMID- 3399041
TI  - A case of foreign accent syndrome, with follow-up clinical, neuropsychological
      and phonetic descriptions.
AB  - We report a comparatively 'pure' case of 'foreign accent syndrome' (FAS) in a
      right-handed patient who sustained a small, isolated, left basal ganglia infarct.
      At 3 weeks post-onset FAS persisted in the absence of aphasic disorder. Phonetic
      analysis of the patient's speech was undertaken at that time and a further, more
      detailed acoustic and phonetic investigation, was undertaken at 8 months. The
      validity and significance of the term 'FAS' is discussed.

PMID- 3399040
TI  - Crossing the midline by four to eight year old children.
AB  - In Experiment 1 children (Kinder, 4-5 yr; Prep, 5-6 yr; Grade 1, 6-7 yr; Grade 2,
      7-8 yr) bisected horizontal lines placed to the left, right or across the
      midline. The youngest groups displayed symmetrical neglect, erring to the left
      with the left hand and to the right with the right, the adult pattern of
      leftwards error not appearing until about Grade 2. However, while Prep, Grade 1
      and Grade 2 sinistrals showed bigger between-hand differences than dextrals, this
      was not, unlike an earlier study, true of the youngest Kinder group, and
      symmetrical neglect did not appear to be peculiar to young sinistrals. A timed
      peg-moving task in Experiment II showed that performance did not slow when
      crossing the midline; nor did young sinistrals perform better with centrifugal
      abductive movement. These and other findings were incompatible with the idea of
      callosal immaturity in young sinistrals.

PMID- 3399042
TI  - The performance of amnesic subjects on tests of experimental amnesia in animals:
      delayed matching-to-sample and concurrent learning.
AB  - A group of amnesic Korsakoff subjects and a group of alcoholic controls were
      trained on a test of visual recognition, delayed matching-to-sample with trial
      unique stimuli. This test was modelled on comparable tasks used in the
      development of animal models of human amnesia. It was found that the Korsakoff
      subjects were severely impaired when the task difficulty was increased by
      lengthening the retention delay beyond 10 sec or by increasing the number of
      items intervening between sample presentation and test. The amnesic subjects were
      also impaired on the acquisition of a set of concurrent visual discriminations.
      These results bear clear similarities to those obtained from experimental amnesic
      syndromes in monkeys.

PMID- 3399043
TI  - Lexical decision and priming in Alzheimer's disease.
AB  - Patients with probable Alzheimer's disease (AD) were no faster at making lexical
      decisions to targets preceded by a semantic prime than to those preceded by an
      unrelated prime, in contrast to the facilitatory effect of semantic primes for
      controls. Fewer errors were made by both subject groups on the targets that
      followed related items, indicating the preservation of associative relationships
      in AD. The AD patients and controls showed similar effects on lexical decision of
      repetition priming, word frequency, and the degree to which nonwords approximated
      real words. The abnormal priming effect in AD may stem from increased
      susceptibility to lateral inhibition in the semantic network.

PMID- 3399044
TI  - The effect of retention interval upon hemispheric processes in recognition
      memory.
AB  - Simple concrete nouns were presented unilaterally in a continuous recognition
      memory procedure. Each word was presented twice in a session, and subjects were
      required to signal the second occurrence of a word. Retention interval was
      manipulated by varying the lag separating word presentations, and lags of 1, 4,
      8, and 32 items were employed in the design. Words were projected, on first and
      second presentations respectively, to the following visual fields: LL, LR, RR,
      and RL. No visual field effects were observed at lag 1, but an advantage for RVF
      probes was evident from lag 4 onwards. At lag 8, a relative superiority emerged
      from uncrossed versus crossed presentation. The results support the idea that
      lateral asymmetries develop as processing engages deeper and more complex levels
      of representation. There was also evidence that memory representations are more
      salient following direct, rather than transcallosal, stimulation of a hemisphere.

PMID- 3399045
TI  - Estimation of frequency of occurrence of abstract designs after frontal or
      temporal lobectomy.
AB  - Patients with unilateral frontal- or temporal-lobe excisions and normal control
      subjects were shown a series of abstract designs. Within the series, the designs
      differed in the number of times that they appeared. The frontal-lobe groups
      (right more so than left) were impaired in recalling the frequency of occurrence
      of the designs. Recognition deficits were found only in the patients with right
      temporal-lobe lesions. The impairment in frequency estimation may reflect a
      disorderly search process in memory, or a deficit in cognitive estimation, or
      both.

PMID- 3399046
TI  - Attention and the frontal cortex as examined by simultaneous temporal processing.
AB  - The brain mechanisms involved in attention and memory were examined by testing
      rats in temporal discriminations designed to emphasize these cognitive processes.
      Normal rats were able to time each of two stimuli whether they were presented
      alone or together. Rats with lesions of the frontal cortex (FC) or nucleus
      basalis magnocellularis (NBM) were able to time each stimulus when it was
      presented alone, but not when it was presented together with another stimulus.
      Rather, these rats timed only the intruding stimulus and ignored the other,
      demonstrating a failure of divided attention. Rats with lesions of the fimbria
      fornix (FF) or medial septal area (MSA) performed the divided attention task
      normally, but failed to remember the duration of a stimulus that had been
      terminated temporarily earlier in the trial, demonstrating a failure of working
      memory. These results provide another informative dissociation between the
      functions of the frontal and hippocampal systems, emphasizing frontal involvement
      in attention, and hippocampal involvement in working memory.

PMID- 3399048
TI  - The development of lateral event-related potentials (ERPs) related to word
      naming: a four year longitudinal study.
AB  - Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded from the left and right temporal
      and parietal sites during a word naming task. Subjects were a group of children
      that were followed over four consecutive years starting at Kindergarten. ERP
      waveforms contained a sequence of positive and negative components (N150, P240,
      N360, N530 and SW). All components, except N150, showed changes in amplitude as a
      function of age, whereas SW, N360 and N150 also changed in hemispheric
      distribution. In addition, a relationship was found between reading performance
      and ERP amplitudes over the right parietal hemisphere in young children, and over
      the left temporal hemisphere in older children. Proficient readers showed larger
      (more negative) parietal N530 amplitudes than less proficient readers, especially
      when stimuli were degraded words. The results are discussed in terms of age
      related changes in right and left hemisphere functions involved in early and
      advanced stages of reading, that might possibly be related to visual word
      recognition.

PMID- 3399047
TI  - Is interhemispheric transfer related to handedness and gender?
AB  - Interhemispheric transfer was assessed by five motor, tactile and visual tasks
      which required the 48 subjects to compare stimuli presented simultaneously on
      both sides of the body midline. Non-right-handers performed significantly better
      than consistent right-handers on one motor and one tactile task. Females out
      performed males on the visual task and on one tactile task. Better
      interhemispheric transfer performance by non-right-handers and by females may be
      related to the reportedly larger corpus callosum regions in these groups and also
      to the reportedly less strong lateralization of function.

PMID- 3399049
TI  - Comments on Lindesay: laterality shift in homosexual men.
AB  - The raised incidences of strong left-handedness and of mixed-handedness in
      homosexual men, as in dyslexics, are mutually consistent under the normal
      distribution function, as expected by the right shift theory of handedness. It is
      argued that atypical laterality in these groups is better described as a
      "reduction of right shift" than as a "left shift".

PMID- 3399050
TI  - Some correlates of intra- and interhemispheric speech organization after left
      focal brain injury.
AB  - Determinants of inter- and intrahemispheric organization following left focal
      injury were examined with data deriving from four different studies that used
      three different assessment methods (amobarbital, temporal lobectomy, dichotic
      listening). With regard to interhemispheric reorganization, the results revealed
      that the earlier the lesion onset, the higher the probability of a biomodal
      hemispheric reorganization (speech and hand). A unimodal reorganization (speech
      only) was tied to a later occurring lesion, but one before age six. Furthermore,
      interhemispheric speech reorganization was associated with an early lesion onset
      while intrahemispheric speech maintenance was linked to a later lesion onset. The
      results are discussed in terms of hemispheric plasticity and functional maturity.

PMID- 3399051
TI  - The use of phonemic cueing with Alzheimer's disease patients.
AB  - Variables influencing responsiveness to phonemic cueing, although studied
      extensively in the aphasia population, have not been identified in the
      Alzheimer's disease population. In this study, four variables were analyzed in
      relation to successfulness of phonemic cueing: severity of dementia,
      confrontational naming ability, auditory comprehension, and speech fluency. All
      three language measures showed a significant positive correlation with cueing.
      Severity of dementia showed a significant inverse correlation with responsiveness
      to cueing and was the best predictor of successful use of cueing. It was
      concluded that phonemic cueing aided in label retrieval, problematic in the early
      stages of Alzheimer's disease, prior to significant erosion of semantic meaning.

PMID- 3399053
TI  - Localization of distinct monoamine oxidase A and monoamine oxidase B cell
      populations in human brainstem.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies, specific for either monoamine oxidases A or B, were used
      to determine the localization of monoamine oxidase in the human brain. Two
      distinct populations of neurons were detected by immunocytochemical staining.
      Neurons in regions rich in catecholamines were positive for monoamine oxidase A,
      including the nucleus locus coeruleus, the nucleus subcoeruleus and the medullary
      reticular formation. In these regions, monoamine oxidase A could be co-localized
      with the synthetic enzyme, dopamine-beta-hydroxylase. Neurons in the substantia
      nigra and the periventricular region of the hypothalamus, areas rich in dopamine
      neurons, stained for monoamine oxidase A but with much less frequency and
      intensity. The major accumulation of monoamine oxidase B-positive neurons was
      observed in the same regions in which monoamine oxidase B is found to co-localize
      with serotonin in monkey tissues, including the nucleus raphe dorsalis and the
      nucleus centralis superior. In addition, both monoamine oxidase A and B were
      localized in distinct populations of neurons in the lateral and tuberal regions
      of the hypothalamus, a region shown recently to contain histamine neurons in
      rats. Some glial cells were stained throughout the brain for monoamine oxidase A
      or B suggesting that glia are capable of either expression or uptake of these
      proteins.

PMID- 3399052
TI  - Innervation of human hippocampus by noradrenergic systems: normal anatomy and
      structural abnormalities in aging and in Alzheimer's disease.
AB  - Immunocytochemical studies, using an antibody directed against human dopamine
      beta-hydroxylase, identified an extensive plexus of noradrenergic axons/terminals
      in normal human hippocampus. In hippocampi of individuals with Alzheimer's
      disease, the density of noradrenergic innervation was reduced and abnormal
      noradrenergic axons, which exhibited multifocal enlargements, were present in the
      neuropil. Some of these neurites were clustered around deposits of amyloid
      (senile plaques), and these abnormalities were most common in CA3-4, a region
      normally showing a relatively high density of noradrenergic terminals. This
      investigation provides direct evidence for structural abnormalities of
      noradrenergic axons/nerve terminals in hippocampi of individuals with Alzheimer's
      disease.

PMID- 3399054
TI  - Alterations in simple spike activity and locomotor behavior associated with
      climbing fiber input to Purkinje cells in a decerebrate walking cat.
AB  - Recently we reported significant modulation of climbing fiber discharge in
      cerebellar Purkinje cells during normal and perturbed locomotion in the
      decerebrate cat walking on a treadmill. In this study covariation of simple spike
      activity and step cycle behavior with complex spike discharge were studied in
      decerebrate cats. Purkinje cell simple and complex spike discharge was recorded
      extracellularly in the intermediate region of lobules IV and V. Forelimb triceps
      and biceps electromyographic activity and displacement were monitored during the
      step cycle. A series of analyses were carried out to determine the temporal
      relationship between the complex spike discharge and forelimb step cycle,
      electromyographic activity and simple spike discharge. In this paper only the
      complex spike discharge associated with the onset of locomotion was evaluated.
      Using a sorting technique the amplitude of the forelimb step cycle and the
      associated triceps and biceps electromyographic activity covaried with complex
      spike discharge. For the majority of cells the alterations in the step cycle
      followed or occurred with the increase in complex spike discharge. However, in
      some cells the step cycle modifications preceded the increase in climbing fiber
      afferent activity. Another series of analyses employing an alignment technique
      demonstrated that a short term increase in simple spike discharge followed and
      was tightly coupled to the complex spike discharge. Additionally in most Purkinje
      cells an "oscillation" of simple spike activity which followed the complex spike
      discharge was uncovered. These observations support an important role for the
      climbing fiber afferent system in ongoing motor behavior. The results are
      consistent with the speculation that increased climbing fiber afferent input
      alters cerebellar cortical output which in turn can alter the ongoing motor
      behavior.

PMID- 3399055
TI  - Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials evoked in thalamic neurons by stimulation of
      the reticularis nucleus evoke slow spikes in isolated rat brain slices--I.
AB  - In isolated slices of rat thalamus, inhibitory postsynaptic potentials evoked by
      electrical stimulation of the nucleus reticularis, were recorded intracellularly
      in relay neurons in the anterior part of the thalamus. These inhibitory
      postsynaptic potentials were found to have reversal potentials close to the
      resting potential of the recorded cell, to reduce neuronal excitability and to be
      sensitive to electrophoretic application of the GABA antagonists bicuculline and
      picrotoxin, indicating that they were GABA-activated, chloride mediated events.
      Voltage sensitive responses of relay neurons evoked by current injection and by
      inhibitory postsynaptic potentials were then compared. Hyperpolarizing current
      pulses and hyperpolarizing inhibitory postsynaptic potential trains elicited from
      membrane potentials positive to -70 mV resulted in rebound slow spike activation
      on repolarization. Depolarizing current pulses and depolarizing inhibitory
      postsynaptic potential trains evoked slow spikes when elicited from membrane
      potentials negative to -60 mV. There was, however, one major difference, the slow
      spikes evoked by inhibitory postsynaptic potentials were always delayed to the
      end of the train. Reversal potentials of evoked inhibitory postsynaptic
      potentials were found to depend on the potential at which the membrane was held
      immediately before the inhibitory postsynaptic potential was evoked, indicating
      that passive distribution of chloride ions contributes to their equilibrium
      potential. Evoked inhibitory postsynaptic potentials consisted of at least two
      components with different reversal potentials although current voltage relations
      indicated that similar decreases in membrane resistance were associated with both
      components and that they shifted approximately in parallel when inhibitory
      postsynaptic potentials were evoked from different holding potentials. Trains of
      GABA-mediated inhibitory postsynaptic potentials, similar to those recorded
      during spindling, will evoke slow spikes in almost all thalamic relay neurons
      irrespective of other synaptic inputs. This response will effectively synchronize
      burst firing in all cells receiving the same inhibitory input.

PMID- 3399056
TI  - Biphasic responses of thalamic neurons to GABA in isolated rat brain slices--II.
AB  - In isolated thalamic slices, responses of relay neurons to electrophoretically
      applied GABA were recorded intracellularly and compared with inhibitory
      postsynaptic potentials evoked by electrical stimulation of the reticularis
      nucleus of the thalamus. Both reduced the excitability of thalamic neurons and
      were biphasic in the majority of neurons studied, consisting of an early,
      negative-going and a later, positive-going component, when recorded close to
      reversal potential (mean reversal potentials -66.6 and -57.7 mV). Bicuculline and
      picrotoxin applied electrophoretically reduced conductance increases evoked by
      GABA in all neurons. The later, positive-going component was more sensitive to
      these antagonists (applied with submaximal doses) than the early component.
      Current-voltage relations for responses to GABA, like those for inhibitory
      postsynaptic potentials, were non-linear in the majority of neurons. In
      particular, there was a region of reduced slope resistance close to the reversal
      potential. Holding the membrane at a conditioning potential was found to change
      the subsequent response and its reversal potential. Positive holding potentials
      shifted reversal potentials in the positive direction only when GABA was applied
      during the conditioning period. Negative holding potentials were effective
      whether GABA was applied during the conditioning period or not. Recovery from
      these effects followed a similar time course at all membrane potentials tested.
      Injection of Cl- produced a positive shift in the reversal potential for both
      components of the response to GABA and of the evoked inhibitory postsynaptic
      potential. Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials evoked in thalamic relay neurons by
      stimulation of the nucleus reticularis resembled responses to GABA in their
      biphasic nature, reversal potentials and sensitivity to antagonists and to
      changes in intracellular chloride.

PMID- 3399057
TI  - Real-time characterization of dopamine overflow and uptake in the rat striatum.
AB  - The rate of overflow and disappearance of dopamine from the extracellular fluid
      of the rat striatum has been measured during neuronal stimulation. Overflow of
      dopamine was induced by electrical stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle
      with biphasic pulse trains. The instantaneous concentration of dopamine was
      measured with a Nafion-coated, carbon fiber microelectrode implanted in the
      brain. The measurement technique, fast-scan cyclic voltammetry, samples the
      concentration of dopamine in less than 10 ms at 100 ms intervals. Identification
      of dopamine is made with cyclic voltammetry. Stimulated overflow was measured as
      a function of electrode position, stimulation duration, stimulation frequency,
      and after administration of L-DOPA and nomifensine. The observed concentration
      during a 2-s, 60-Hz stimulation was found to alter with position of the carbon
      fiber electrode. For stimuli of 3 s or less the amount of overflow was found to
      be a linear function of stimulus duration at a fixed electrode position. The
      observed overflow was found to be steady-state at a frequency of 30 Hz,
      suggesting a balance between uptake and synaptic overflow under these conditions.
      The experimental data was found to be successfully modelled when the balance of
      uptake and stimulated overflow was considered. It was assumed that each stimulus
      pulse releases a constant amount of dopamine (125 nM), and that uptake follows a
      Michaelis-Menten model for a single uptake site with Km = 200 nM and Vmax = 5
      microM/s. The increase in stimulated overflow observed after L-DOPA (250 mg/kg)
      could be modelled by a 1.6-fold increase in the amount of dopamine release with
      no alteration of the uptake parameters. The increase in modelled by an increase
      in Km. In addition, the fit of the modelled data to the experimental data was
      improved when diffusion from the release and uptake sites was considered.

PMID- 3399058
TI  - The nigrotectal projection and tectospinal neurons in the rat. A light and
      electron microscopic study demonstrating a monosynaptic nigral input to
      identified tectospinal neurons.
AB  - In order to investigate the nigro-tecto-spinal pathway in the rat, the pattern of
      termination of nigrotectal fibres and the distribution of tectospinal neurons
      have been investigated in a light and electron microscopic study of the superior
      colliculus. In addition, the pattern of termination of nigrotectal fibres was
      compared to the pattern of acetylcholinesterase staining. The light microscopic
      studies showed that the nigrotectal fibres, which had been identified by
      anterograde transport of horseradish peroxidase from the substantia nigra,
      terminated in a distinctive clustered pattern throughout the rostrocaudal extent
      of the stratum griseum intermedium, stratum album intermedium and adjacent dorsal
      portion of the stratum griseum profundum of the ipsilateral superior colliculus.
      The clusters of nigrotectal terminals formed a series of branching,
      interconnected longitudinal columns which largely corresponded with the pattern
      of acetylcholinesterase staining. The tectospinal neurons, which had been
      identified by retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase from the spinal
      cord, had mainly large-sized somata, were stellate in shape with multiple long
      dendrites, and formed variable-sized clusters of 4-15 neurons within lateral
      regions of the ventral stratum album intermedium and dorsal stratum griseum
      profundum. In experiments where both the nigrotectal terminals and the
      tectospinal neurons were labelled by the transport of horseradish peroxidase, the
      clusters of tectospinal neurons largely corresponded with the regions of densest
      nigrotectal fibre termination in the lateral regions of the superior colliculus.
      In addition, a small contralateral nigrotectal projection was localized in the
      rostrolateral region of the superior colliculus where the crossed fibres
      terminated in a clustered pattern in alignment with clusters of tectospinal
      neurons in this region. Electron microscopic examination of the superior
      colliculus following ibotenic acid lesions in the substantia nigra and
      horseradish peroxidase injections in the spinal cord showed multiple degenerating
      nigrotectal boutons in synaptic contact with the soma and the mainstem and
      secondary dendrites of labelled tectospinal neurons in the lateral regions of the
      stratum album intermedium and stratum griseum profundum of the superior
      colliculus. The majority of the degenerating nigrotectal boutons showed electron
      lucent degenerative changes and were in axodendritic contact. All of the
      identified nigrotectal synapses were of the symmetrical type.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3399059
TI  - Collateral projection from the substantia nigra to the striatum and superior
      colliculus in the rat.
AB  - Our retrograde fluorescent double labeling study demonstrated the existence of
      divergent collateral projections from the substantia nigra to the striatum and
      superior colliculus in the rat. These bifurcating projection neurons were located
      predominantly in the ventrolateral portions of the substantia nigra pars
      reticulata at its rostral level, where they formed a narrow band along the
      boundary between the substantia nigra and cerebral peduncle. Such specific
      projection cells were also seen in the substantia nigra pars lateralis. However,
      nigral neurons did not give off axonal branches to the striatum and ventromedial
      thalamic nucleus. The new nigral cell population proposed here might constitute a
      neuroanatomical substrate for abnormal saccadic eye movements clinically
      manifested by many parkinsonian patients.

PMID- 3399060
TI  - Cerebellin-like peptide: tissue distribution in rat and guinea-pig and its
      release from rat cerebellum, hypothalamus and cerebellar synaptosomes in vitro.
AB  - We have developed a specific radioimmunoassay for "cerebellin", a 16-amino acid
      peptide recently isolated from rat cerebellum. In both rat and guinea-pig,
      cerebellin-like immunoreactivity was highest in the cerebellum but was also
      present in high concentrations elsewhere in the central nervous system,
      especially in the hypothalamus. In both species, cerebellin-like immunoreactivity
      was found in other organs (heart, kidney and stomach) and at lower concentrations
      in the gastrointestinal tract. In the brain of both species, cerebellin-like
      immunoreactivity consisted of a single molecular form with an elution position on
      gel filtration and high-performance liquid chromatography identical to that of
      synthetic rat cerebellin. However, peripheral tissue contained an additional
      immunoreactive peak of higher molecular weight. Cerebellin was concentrated in
      synaptosomal preparations of rat brain, and its subcellular distribution pattern
      in rat brain was identical to that of two other known synaptosomal peptides,
      vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and substance P. Studies with superfused
      cerebellar synaptosomes and slices of rat cerebellum and hypothalamus
      demonstrated calcium-dependent cerebellin release when stimulated by high
      potassium concentrations as well as the addition of the calcium ionophore A23187.
      Cerebellin has therefore a widespread distribution and fulfils two criteria for a
      neurotransmitter, in that it is found in brain synaptosomes and shows calcium
      dependent, depolarization-induced release from nervous tissues and isolated nerve
      endings. It may, therefore, be a component of a novel neurotransmitter system.

PMID- 3399061
TI  - Neuropeptide Y is localized together with enkephalins in adrenergic granules of
      bovine adrenal medulla.
AB  - The subcellular localization of neuropeptide Y in the bovine adrenal medulla was
      studied. After differential centrifugation, a large part of total neuropeptide Y
      immunoreactivity (66%) was recovered in the large granule fraction. This fraction
      also contained 42% of the total catecholamines and 52% of the total free
      [Met]enkephalin. Thus neuropeptide Y co-sedimented with these chromaffin granule
      markers. The large granule fraction was analysed by the technique of rate zonal
      centrifugation in hypertonic sucrose media (molarities ranging from 1.6 to 2.2
      M). Noradrenaline vesicles were preferentially enriched at high sucrose
      concentration. Adrenaline vesicles as well as enkephalin and neuropeptide Y
      immunoreactivity pelleted mainly at lower sucrose concentrations. The large
      granule fraction was also separated by successive centrifugation in self
      generating gradients of Percoll-sucrose into two subpopulations, one containing
      lighter adrenergic vesicles and the other the dense noradrenergic vesicles. Like
      [Met]enkephalin immunoreactivity, neuropeptide Y immunoreactivity was
      concentrated in fractions containing the lighter adrenergic vesicles. In these
      fractions the molar ratio of adrenaline to free [Met]enkephalin to neuropeptide Y
      was 5000:12:1. This biochemical study supports immunohistochemical studies which
      described co-localization of neuropeptide Y in adrenaline cells in the rat,
      mouse, cat, guinea-pig and man and co-localization of neuropeptide Y with
      enkephalins in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells. Our results are however in
      contrast with the report of other immunohistochemical work which claimed co
      localization of neuropeptide Y in noradrenaline cells of rat, cat, dog, horse and
      cow.

PMID- 3399062
TI  - Binding of [3H]phencyclidine to adrenal medullary cells: inhibition of 22Na
      influx, 45Ca influx, 86Rb efflux and catecholamine secretion caused by carbachol
      and veratridine.
AB  - In bovine adrenal medullary cells, phencyclidine inhibited carbachol-induced
      influx of 22Na, 45Ca and secretion of catecholamines in a concentration-dependent
      manner with a similar potency (IC50 7.0 microM). Phencyclidine also suppressed
      veratridine-induced influx of 22Na, 45Ca and secretion of catecholamines (IC50
      60.0 microM). High K-induced 45Ca influx and catecholamine secretion were not
      affected by phencyclidine. In the cells preloaded with 86Rb (an alternative
      tracer for 42K), phencyclidine inhibited the efflux of 86Rb caused by carbachol
      (IC50 10.0 microM) or by veratridine (IC50 56.0 microM), but had no effect on
      high K-induced 86Rb efflux. [3H]Phencyclidine bound specifically to adrenal
      medullary cells, and binding was saturable, reversible and with two different
      equilibrium dissociation constants (4.3 and 77.4 microM). In a competition
      experiment, the specific binding of [3H]phencyclidine was not inhibited by
      carbachol, muscarine, D-tubocurarine, hexamethonium, tetrodotoxin, veratridine
      and scorpion venom. The present findings suggest: (1) phencyclidine does not
      inhibit voltage-dependent Ca channels and Ca-dependent K channels; (2)
      phencyclidine binds to two populations of sites, each of which is functionally
      linked to nicotinic receptor-ion channel complex and to voltage-dependent Na
      channels, and inhibits Na influx caused by carbachol and veratridine. Inhibition
      of Na influx by phencyclidine leads to the reduction of Ca influx, K efflux and
      catecholamine secretion caused by carbachol and veratridine.

PMID- 3399063
TI  - Functionally significant plasticity of synaptic morphology: studies on the ribbon
      synapse of the ampullae of Lorenzini.
AB  - Changes in electrophysiological properties measured in vitro were correlated with
      ultrastructural differences at synapses between sense cells and the primary
      afferent neurons in electrosensory organs of the thornback ray (the ampullae of
      Lorenzini). Variation in synaptic structure was classified into four synaptic
      morphotypes, which appear to represent stages in a cyclic pattern of
      ultrastructural modification associated with changes in synaptic efficacy.
      Synapses with deeper postsynaptic troughs, and active zone regions located at the
      "narrow point" of the presynaptic evagination, and other morphological
      differences, were associated with greater sensitivity and spontaneous activity.
      Furthermore, the morphology of synapses was different in organs that had shown
      increasing, decreasing or stable trends in sensitivity prior to fixation,
      suggesting that changes in synaptic physiology and morphology are interrelated,
      and providing evidence for the sequence of ultrastructural modifications
      represented by the four synaptic morphotypes. These results support the
      conclusion that synaptic morphology is plastic and that this plasticity has
      functional significance in terms of the threshold sensitivity and spontaneous
      activity monitored from the afferent nerves. Plasticity of synaptic morphology
      which is associated with changes in the efficacy of transmitter release at
      chemically mediated synapses could be important in relatively long-term
      phenomena.

PMID- 3399064
TI  - Kainic acid evokes a potassium efflux from astrocytes.
AB  - Cultured astrocytes are depolarized by excitatory amino acids such as kainic
      acid. In these experiments we tested the hypothesis that the kainic acid-induced
      depolarization also causes an efflux of K+ from astrocytes in the rat. Using K+
      sensitive microelectrodes we measured a K+ efflux from cultured astrocytes during
      the perfusion of kainic acid. The effects of kainic acid were then tested on
      glial cells in the neuron-free CA3 region of kainic acid-lesioned hippocampus.
      Glial cells were depolarized by kainic acid and an efflux of K+ was recorded.
      These effects are most likely due to direct effects on the glial cells because
      histological examination of the hippocampus showed this area to be free of
      neurons. Therefore it is hypothesized that kainic acid and any transmitter that
      depolarizes glial cells, will increase neuronal excitability indirectly by a K+
      efflux from glial cells. This will have widespread implications for iontophoretic
      studies of transmitter actions.

PMID- 3399065
TI  - Memory dysfunction in myasthenia gravis: evidence for central cholinergic
      effects.
AB  - Two studies are presented that investigate the possible central cholinergic
      effects of myasthenia gravis as measured by cognitive dysfunction. In the first
      study, performance on a battery of cognitive tasks by 12 subjects with myasthenia
      gravis is compared with that of ten healthy control subjects and ten medical
      control subjects with chronic disease of a nonneurologic nature. The tests used
      were the Boston Naming Test, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT), and the
      Logical Memory and Design Reproduction portions of the Wechsler Memory Scale
      (WMS). Results indicate that the myasthenic group was significantly impaired
      relative to both the medical and healthy control groups for performance on the
      Boston Naming Test, WMS Logical Memory, and WMS Design Reproduction. Both the
      myasthenic and the medical control groups were impaired relative to the healthy
      controls on the AVLT. In the second study, a myasthenic patient had
      plasmapheresis for treatment of her myasthenia on two separate occasions. Her
      memory was examined prior to as well as following each series of plasma exchanges
      with a variation of the Peterson-Peterson consonant trigram task. Results showed
      that this patient had significantly fewer interference effects and less rapid
      forgetting following plasmapheresis. The results of these two studies support the
      hypothesis that myasthenia gravis has central cholinergic effects manifested by
      cognitive dysfunction.

PMID- 3399067
TI  - Results of anterior corpus callosum section in 24 patients with medically
      intractable seizures.
AB  - Twenty-four medically refractory seizure patients, who did not qualify for
      excisional surgery, had anterior two-thirds corpus callosum section. Three to 11
      years' postoperative follow-up suggests that this procedure can (1) lateralize a
      frontal lobe focus, which may lead to subsequent localized excision and (2)
      significantly reduce seizure frequency and severity in 75% of the patients
      without giving any permanent neurologic deficits. Patients with an ictal focus
      confined to one frontal lobe did best (8/8 improved), followed by patients with
      secondarily generalized seizures and multifocal bilateral foci (5/6 improved).
      Patients with mental retardation benefited less frequently (5/10 improved), but
      4/4 from this group with ictal falls associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome did
      benefit. In this series, the improvements following the anterior partial section
      were lasting if present at 1 year of follow-up. Anterior corpus callosum section
      should be considered as a diagnostic (lateralizing) and therapeutic option in
      appropriately defined medically refractory patients who do not qualify for
      excisional surgery.

PMID- 3399066
TI  - Neurologic complications of cocaine abuse.
AB  - Over a 24-month period we evaluated 14 patients with neurologic disease
      associated with cocaine abuse. Five patients developed previously unreported
      complications: anterior spinal artery syndrome, lateral medullary syndrome,
      transient ischemic attacks in the middle cerebral artery and vertebrobasilar
      artery territories, and partial motor seizures. The recent availability of crack
      has led to a great increase in neurologic problems associated with the use of
      this drug.

PMID- 3399068
TI  - Hemispatial neglect affected by non-neglected stimuli.
AB  - Patients with hemispatial neglect fail to cancel lines distributed on one side of
      a piece of paper. This defect is thought to be induced by a deficit in the
      neuronal systems that mediate attention, intention, and exploration toward and in
      the hemispace contralateral to the lesion. However, an alternate (but not
      mutually exclusive) interpretation is that the patients are either strongly
      attracted to or impaired in disengaging from the stimuli occupying the other, non
      neglected hemispace. We tested ten patients with neglect on two versions of a
      cancellation test. In the control test they cancelled lines by drawing over them,
      and in the experimental test they erased lines. There were significantly more
      omissions in the drawing-over task than in the erasing task. The improved
      performance when lines were cancelled by removal instead of by marking them
      suggests that hemispatial neglect is influenced by the presence of stimuli in the
      non-neglected hemispace.

PMID- 3399070
TI  - Parkinson's disease in a nationwide twin cohort.
AB  - The Finnish Twin Cohort includes all Finnish same-sexed twins born before 1958
      and alive in 1967; the number of individuals alive in 1975 was 33,247. We
      performed a search for cases with Parkinson's disease among this cohort by
      linking the Twin Cohort Register with the Finnish Hospital Discharge Register and
      the Finnish Sickness Insurance Register. We ascertained altogether 42 cases of
      Parkinson's disease occurring in 41 twin including 18 monozygotic pairs, 14
      dizygotic pairs, and nine pairs of undetermined zygosity. Only one dizygotic pair
      was concordant for Parkinson's disease; all other pairs were discordant. In 1981,
      the expected number of cases among the Twin Cohort, calculated according to the
      age- and sex-specific prevalence rates of Parkinson's disease in Finland, was 33.
      At the same time, the observed number of patients alive was 35. This study,
      further substantiating the low concordance for Parkinson's disease in monozygotic
      as well as in dizygotic twins and indicating that the prevalence of Parkinson's
      disease in twins compares with the prevalence in the general population, suggests
      that Parkinson's disease is an acquired disease not caused by a hereditary
      process.

PMID- 3399069
TI  - Central pontine myelinolysis in severely burned patients: relationship to serum
      hyperosmolality.
AB  - The rapid correction or over-correction of hyponatremia is believed by many to be
      the crucial factor in the causation of central pontine myelinolysis (CPM). Over a
      17-year period we found CPM in 10 (7%) of the 139 burn patients examined
      postmortem but in only 10 (0.28%) of the 3,528 patients in the general autopsy
      population (p less than 0.001). Each of the burn patients with CPM had suffered a
      prolonged, nonterminal episode of extreme serum hyperosmolality, whereas most
      burn patients without CPM had not suffered such an episode. The histologic age of
      the lesions correlated with the duration of time between the hyperosmolar episode
      and death. Hypernatremia, hyperglycemia, and azotemia, alone or combined,
      accounted for the hyperosmolality. No single electrolyte or metabolic derangement
      was essential, as in at least one burn patient with CPM the serum sodium,
      glucose, or blood urea nitrogen was normal during the hyperosmolar episode.
      Hyponatremia was not present in any burn patient with CPM. We conclude that
      severely burned patients, like alcoholics, are especially susceptible to CPM, and
      that in burn patients with CPM there is a striking association with serum
      hyperosmolality. The data also suggest that the rapid correction of hyponatremia
      exerts its effects by causing an osmotic shift and not because of any specific
      property of the sodium ion.

PMID- 3399071
TI  - Effects of botulinum toxin injections on speech in adductor spasmodic dysphonia.
AB  - Adductor spasmodic dysphonia involves an overadduction of the vocal folds during
      speech causing uncontrolled voice and pitch breaks and slow, effortful speech.
      The disorder is resistant to speech therapy and often recurs following initial
      benefit from unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve resection. Botulinum toxin
      injections into multiple sites of the thyroarytenoid muscle on one side were
      performed in 16 patients. Speech was recorded prior to injection and three times
      post-injection. Symptoms were measured by two examiners from speech spectrograms
      without knowledge of speaker identity or recording session. Significant (p less
      than or equal to 0.03) reductions in pitch and voice breaks, phonatory
      aperiodicity, and sentence time occurred only when injections resulted in
      unilateral vocal fold paralysis. Symptoms returned with the restoration of vocal
      fold movement, 3 months later. Reduction in speed of swallowing without
      aspiration was reported in 80% of cases. Although speech volume was reduced,
      there were no instances of aphonia.

PMID- 3399072
TI  - Response-to-next-patient-stimulation: a right hemisphere syndrome.
AB  - Eleven of 134 patients with a right hemisphere stroke responded to stimuli
      directed at other patients as if the stimuli were directed at them. The stroke
      was severe in all 11 patients. Associated disturbances included hemineglect,
      anosognosia, motor impersistence, disorientation (sometimes with agitated
      confusion), and somatosensory delusions and allesthesia. This form of
      perseveration seems specific to acute right hemispheric stroke.

PMID- 3399073
TI  - Olfactory detection and identification performance are dissociated in early
      Alzheimer's disease.
AB  - Ten carefully screened men with very mild symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD)
      and ten healthy controls of similar age were compared on multiple chemosensory
      tasks: odor detection and identification, and taste detection. The patients
      scored significantly worse than controls on identification of odors and of a
      subset of airborne stimuli providing trigeminal stimulation. In contrast, the
      patients' olfactory detection thresholds as well as taste detection thresholds
      were not impaired relative to those of controls. The patients' scores on
      neuropsychological tests and the results 18F-2 deoxy-D-glucose PET studies did
      not correlate with any of the chemosensory measures. The isolated odor
      identification deficit suggests that the initial chemosensory impairment in AD is
      central rather than peripheral.

PMID- 3399074
TI  - Severe behavioral complications following intracarotid sodium amobarbital
      injection: implications for hemispheric asymmetry of emotion.
AB  - The intracarotid sodium amobarbital (ISA) procedure is effective in determining
      cerebral language dominance. However, severe emotional and behavioral reactions
      during ISA evaluation may invalidate the results or necessitate aborting the
      procedure. In an effort to identify patients at risk for behavioral
      complications, we reviewed 92 patients undergoing ISA evaluation and found five
      with severe changes in affect and behavior following amobarbital injection,
      ranging from prolonged coma to an extended confusional state. Severe behavioral
      disturbances were more likely to occur in patients with left frontal structural
      lesions upon injecting amobarbital into the right hemisphere. Analysis of
      patients with structural lesions of the anterior regions of the right hemisphere
      showed no evidence of similar behavioral complications. These findings suggest a
      special role for the left frontal region in the inhibition of affective
      expression and provide further evidence of the importance of right hemisphere
      mechanisms in emotion.

PMID- 3399075
TI  - Olfactory dysfunction in parkinsonism: a general deficit unrelated to neurologic
      signs, disease stage, or disease duration.
AB  - To explore the nature of the olfactory dysfunction associated with Parkinson's
      disease (PD), 81 PD patients who scored well on a cognitive screening test were
      administered the 40-odorant University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test;
      38 were additionally given a forced-choice phenylethyl alcohol odor detection
      threshold test. Clinical ratings of 11 neurologic symptoms (three bilateral) were
      obtained at the time of testing, and odor identification was retested in 24
      patients at intervals ranging from 5 to 39 months. Relative to matched controls,
      the PD patients exhibited consistent and marked decrements on both types of
      olfactory tests (ps less than 0.0001). The odor identification deficit was not
      restricted to any subset of odorants and did not evidence longitudinal change. A
      factor analysis of the intercorrelations among the variables yielded six easily
      interpretable factors: general motor, oral motor, olfactory function, cognitive
      function, tremor, and gender. Olfactory test scores were independent of all other
      measures, including disease stage and duration. Seventy-two percent of the PD
      patients were unaware of a smell disorder before testing; those who were aware
      had significantly lower test scores. A statistical comparison of PD patients'
      olfactory test scores to those obtained from Alzheimer's disease patients found
      the olfactory disorders of these diseases to be indistinguishable. The data
      support the hypothesis that the olfactory deficit of PD is a general and stable
      one which likely occurs early in the disease process.

PMID- 3399076
TI  - Acoustic nerve conduction abnormalities in Guillain-Barre syndrome.
AB  - We recorded brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) in two patients with
      Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS). One patient was acutely deaf with total absence of
      BAEP waveforms indicative of acoustic nerve conduction block. Hearing improved
      during early convalescence, and there were prolonged wave I latencies. Normal
      BAEPs were recorded on recovery. A second patient had bilaterally prolonged wave
      I latencies. These BAEP findings suggest that acoustic nerve conduction
      abnormalities from demyelination may occur in GBS.

PMID- 3399077
TI  - Neonatal rhabdomyolysis as a presentation of muscular dystrophy.
AB  - We report a unique presentation of X-linked recessive dystrophy as neonatal
      rhabdomyolysis. There was induration of the proximal musculature in an otherwise
      well neonate and striking CK elevation, without myoglobinuria. Muscle biopsy at
      age 1 year showed dystrophic alterations, and X chromosome analysis showed a
      deletion within or adjacent to the Duchenne/Becker locus.

PMID- 3399078
TI  - Reversible coma with prolonged absence of pupillary and brainstem reflexes: an
      unusual response to a hypoxic-ischemic event in MS.
AB  - A quadriparetic man with multiple sclerosis became comatose with absent pupillary
      and brainstem reflexes for 48 hours following a respiratory arrest. A periodic
      electroencephalographic pattern was recorded 12 hours after arrest suggesting a
      poor prognosis. Despite the poor prognostic signs, clinical recovery to baseline
      occurred within 2 weeks. Reversible coma with absent pupillary and brainstem
      reflexes may occur in MS patients for prolonged periods and lead to potential
      errors in prognosis if not recognized.

PMID- 3399079
TI  - Dissociated ipsilateral horizontal gaze palsy in one-and-a-half syndrome: a
      clinicopathologic study.
AB  - We report a patient with a one-and-a-half syndrome due to an isolated small
      infarction in the left rostral part of the paramedian pontine reticular formation
      and the ipsilateral medial longitudinal fasciculus. Oculocephalic movements
      toward the left were preserved (dissociated ipsilateral horizontal conjugate gaze
      palsy).

PMID- 3399081
TI  - Steroids after cardiac arrest: a retrospective study with concurrent,
      nonrandomized controls.
AB  - We retrospectively examined the effect of steroid treatment on the outcome of 458
      consecutive patients admitted after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Of those
      given steroids, 128/213 (60%) regained consciousness, and of those not given
      steroids, 150/245 (61%) regained consciousness. Findings remained unchanged using
      logistic regression to adjust for differences in the two treatment groups. These
      results suggest that there is no role for steroids in the treatment of global
      brain ischemia.

PMID- 3399080
TI  - Reactive microglia are positive for HLA-DR in the substantia nigra of Parkinson's
      and Alzheimer's disease brains.
AB  - We detected large numbers of HLA-DR-positive reactive microglia (macrophages),
      along with Lewy bodies and free melanin, in the substantia nigra of all cases
      studied with Parkinson's disease (5) and parkinsonism with dementia (PD) (5). We
      found similar, but less extensive, pathology in the substantia nigra of six of
      nine cases of dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) but in only one of 11 age
      matched nonneurologic cases. All dementia cases with a premortem diagnosis of DAT
      or PD showed large numbers of HLA-DR-positive reactive microglia and significant
      plaque and tangle counts in the hippocampus, as well as reduced cortical choline
      acetyltransferase activity. One of 11 nondemented controls showed mild evidence
      of similar cortical pathology. These data indicate that HLA-DR-positive reactive
      microglia are a sensitive index of neuropathologic activity. They suggest a
      frequent coexistence of DAT- and Parkinson-type pathology in elderly patients.

PMID- 3399082
TI  - Basal meningovasculitis and occlusion of the basilar artery in two cases of
      Borrelia burgdorferi infection.
AB  - We present two cases in which a meningovasculitis and occlusion of the basilar
      artery were found in young adults with a Borrelia burgdorferi infection. We
      introduce the designation "neuroborreliosis," because both the central and
      peripheral nervous systems can be involved in the infection.

PMID- 3399083
TI  - Ataxic hemiparesis: three different locations of lesions studied by MRI.
AB  - We report three cases of ataxic hemiparesis, studied by MRI. The lesions were all
      contralateral and located in three different sites: the posterior limb of the
      internal capsule, the midpons, and the red nucleus. None of the CTs demonstrated
      the lesions.

PMID- 3399084
TI  - Basal ganglia calcifications in a case of biotinidase deficiency.
AB  - Biotinidase deficiency leads to a biotin-deficient state, with cardinal symptoms
      of ataxia, alopecia, and skin rash presenting in infancy. Previous reports of
      head CTs in patients with biotinidase deficiency did not note basal ganglia
      calcifications. We report the first case of biotinidase deficiency with basal
      ganglia calcifications. There were no symptoms referable to basal ganglia
      dysfunction.

PMID- 3399085
TI  - Upbeat nystagmus and the ventral tegmental pathway of the upward vestibulo-ocular
      reflex.

PMID- 3399086
TI  - Brainstem infarction following cervical herpes zoster.

PMID- 3399087
TI  - Orofacial dyskinesia in stupor and coma.

PMID- 3399089
TI  - Inverted vision in MS.

PMID- 3399088
TI  - Relief of orthostatic tremor by primidone.

PMID- 3399091
TI  - [Intrapancreatic choledochus].

PMID- 3399090
TI  - [Identification and autotransplantation of parathyroid glands in the surgery of
      thyroid carcinoma].

PMID- 3399092
TI  - [Crohn disease in aged patients. Epidemiological and clinical considerations].

PMID- 3399093
TI  - [Clinico-histological contribution to the knowledge of sebaceous epithelioma of
      the nose].

PMID- 3399094
TI  - [Evaluation of functional and esthetic aspects of the nasal pyramid].

PMID- 3399096
TI  - [Resection and reconstruction of the carina by median sternotomy approach].

PMID- 3399095
TI  - [Short-term use of netilmicin in the prevention of surgical infections].

PMID- 3399097
TI  - [Hydatidosis, tuberculosis and carcinoma in the same lobe of the lung.
      Description of a clinical case].

PMID- 3399098
TI  - [Hemangiopericytoma. Description of a clinical case].

PMID- 3399099
TI  - [Pseudocysts of the diaphragm].

PMID- 3399100
TI  - [Fournier's gangrene (gangrene of the external genitalia). Presentation of a
      case].

PMID- 3399101
TI  - [Conservative treatment of splenic rupture using peritoneal lavage-drainage in a
      patient with an aortic valve prosthesis under anticoagulant treatment].

PMID- 3399102
TI  - [The surgeon's role in cholelithiasis].

PMID- 3399103
TI  - [Bilateral cannulation of the hypogastric arteries in pelvic intra-arterial loco
      regional chemotherapy using implantable access systems].

PMID- 3399104
TI  - [Prevention of alkaline esophagitis after total gastrectomy and Longmire-Mouchet
      reconstruction: ideal length of the interposed jejunal loop].

PMID- 3399105
TI  - [Chylothorax. Current trends and our clinical experience].

PMID- 3399106
TI  - [Correlations between hormone receptors, tumor size and axillary lymph node
      involvement in breast carcinoma. Initial results].

PMID- 3399108
TI  - [Comparison of resorbable and non-resorbable monofilaments in tracheal sutures.
      Experimental study in rats].

PMID- 3399107
TI  - [Treatment of lung metastases of breast carcinoma].

PMID- 3399109
TI  - [Territorial mass screening for colorectal tumors].

PMID- 3399110
TI  - [Early diagnosis of radiation injuries of the intestine in patients with
      neoplasms. Various considerations].

PMID- 3399111
TI  - [The role of malnutrition as a risk factor in gastroenterologic surgery].

PMID- 3399112
TI  - [Use of calcium heparin in general surgery].

PMID- 3399113
TI  - [Use of flunitrazepam for sedation in digestive endoscopy. Our experience].

PMID- 3399114
TI  - [Extravesical ureteral ectopy. Description of a case and review of the
      literature].

PMID- 3399115
TI  - [Control of the aorta and left renal vein in the treatment of aneurysm of the
      abdominal aorta].

PMID- 3399116
TI  - [Use of thiemonium methylsulfate in painful abdominal spasms after gynecologic
      surgery].

PMID- 3399117
TI  - [Adenocarcinoma of the female urethra].

PMID- 3399118
TI  - [Cervical myofibroma. Description of 2 clinical cases].

PMID- 3399119
TI  - [A case of sigmoido-cervico-vaginal fistula].

PMID- 3399120
TI  - [Anesthesia for cesarean section in a pregnant woman with Eisenmenger's syndrome.
      Description of a clinical case].

PMID- 3399121
TI  - [Correlations between the concentration of effectively motile spermatozoa and the
      time required for conception by artificial insemination].

PMID- 3399122
TI  - [Histopathological, clinical and prognostic aspects of smooth-muscle tumors of
      the uterus (cellular myoma, leiomyosarcoma, endometrial stromal sarcoma)].

PMID- 3399123
TI  - [Vulvovaginal pathology in the prepuberal age].

PMID- 3399124
TI  - Cold-induced free fatty acid mobilization is impaired in rats with lesions in the
      preoptic area.
AB  - The increase in plasma free fatty acids (FFA) induced by cold (2 h at 5 degrees
      C) in rats with bilateral electrolytic lesions in the preoptic area was reduced
      to 30% compared to sham-operated controls. Blood glucose of lesioned rats
      increased 35% over initial levels and remained elevated, whereas in controls it
      returned to initial levels after 2 h. Rectal temperature decreased 3 degrees C in
      lesioned rats but not in controls. These data demonstrate the participation of
      the preoptic area in cold-induced FFA mobilization and provide evidence for the
      role of this area in the integration of thermal inputs with energy-linked
      metabolic processes.

PMID- 3399125
TI  - M1 and M2 receptors mediate different effects on synaptically evoked potentials
      of the rat superior cervical ganglion.
AB  - The application of muscarine, carbachol or methylfurmethide to the rat superior
      cervical ganglion in vitro resulted in a complex mixture of effects as recorded
      from the internal carotid nerve using a greased-gap technique. In addition to the
      previously described depolarizing and hyperpolarizing responses, increases and
      decreases in the amplitudes of the synaptically evoked compound action potential
      and its related afterhyperpolarization were observed. The depolarization and the
      enhancing effects of the agonists were selectively antagonized by pirenzepine
      (0.3 microM) whereas the hyperpolarization and depressant effects were
      antagonized by gallamine (10 microM). Methylfurmethide only induced the
      pirenzepine-sensitive effects. It is concluded that M1 and M2 (cardiac-like)
      receptors exert different effects on the synaptically evoked potentials of this
      preparation.

PMID- 3399126
TI  - Visualization of a novel serotonin recognition site (5-HT1D) in the human brain
      by autoradiography.
AB  - The localization of a novel serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) recognition
      site named 5-HT1D was studied by autoradiography in human postmortem brain
      material. Serotonin-1 sites were labeled with [3H]5-HT. The different
      subpopulations of 5-HT1 sites were investigated by the use of unlabeled selective
      compounds. 8-OH-DPAT (8-hydroxy-2-[N,N-di-n-propyl-amino]tetralin) was used to
      block [3H]5-HT binding to 5-HT1A, the beta-blocker (-)-21 009 (4-[3-ter-butyl
      amino-2-hydroxy-propoxy]indol-2-carbonic acid isopropyl ester) to 5-HT1B and the
      ergoline mesulergine to 5-HT1C recognition sites. 5-HT1D sites were defined as
      the binding sites remaining when both 8-OH-DPAT and mesulergine were added to the
      incubation medium. Under these conditions, 5-HT1D sites represented a high
      proportion of total [3H]5-HT binding sites in the basal ganglia and substantia
      nigra. Lower proportions were observed in other brain areas such as the
      hippocampal formation and raphe nuclei. 5-HT1D sites thus represent the majority
      of 5-HT1 binding sites in the striatonigral pathway in man. This localization
      suggests an involvement of these sites in the mediation of serotoninergic
      mechanisms in basal ganglia functions and a possible role in brain diseases where
      these areas are known to be involved.

PMID- 3399127
TI  - Functional laminar and columnar organization of the auditory centers in
      echolocating Japanese greater horseshoe bats.
AB  - During echolocation, bats coordinately employ the vocalization system to emit
      orientation sounds and the auditory system to hear returning echoes. The brain in
      these animals should be functionally organized to process such biologically
      significant sounds. Here we utilized the autoradiographic 2-deoxy-[14C]glucose
      (DG) method to visualize functional organization of the auditory centers of
      echolocating Japanese greater horseshoe bats, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum nippon.
      Autoradiographic color images made from the brains of echolocating bats revealed
      a functional laminar structure in the inferior colliculus. Furthermore, a
      functional columnar organization appeared in the auditory cortex during
      echolocation. These laminar and columnar organization were not observed in the
      brain of resting bats.

PMID- 3399128
TI  - Persistent reduction of Purkinje cell inhibition on neurones of the cerebellar
      nuclei after climbing fibre deafferentation.
AB  - The long lasting effects of inferior olive (IO) destruction were studied in rats
      treated with 3-acetylpyridine two years before. The activities of the Purkinje
      cells (PCs) and of their target neurones in the cerebellar nuclei (ECNs), were
      investigated and compared to those of a group of non-treated rats. Our results
      show that long-term deafferented PCs recovered a mean firing frequency similar to
      that of the controls while the ECNs discharge is enhanced. Furthermore, the
      cryodestruction of the cerebellar cortex produces a significant release of the
      ECNs firing in the control rats but not in the poisoned animals. Thus, it appears
      that IO destruction induces a permanent impairment of the inhibitory control
      exerted by the PCs on the activity of their target neurones.

PMID- 3399129
TI  - Intracellular recording from phrenic motoneurons receiving respiratory drive in
      vitro.
AB  - Stable, long-term (2-4 h) intracellular recordings were obtained from phrenic
      motoneurons receiving respiratory drive in an in vitro neonatal rat brainstem
      spinal cord preparation. Several passive and active phrenic motoneuron properties
      in vitro, including resting membrane potential, inspiratory drive potentials, and
      threshold depolarization levels, are similar to those in the adult mammal in
      vivo. Manipulations of the extracellular fluid environment by the addition or
      washout of chemicals affecting motoneuronal activity and spinal synaptic
      transmission of respiratory drive did not affect the quality of the intracellular
      recordings. These results establish the feasibility of long-term intracellular
      recording from the in vitro brainstem-spinal cord preparation for studies of
      cellular and synaptic mechanisms underlying control of respiratory movements.

PMID- 3399130
TI  - Influence of the patch pipette glass on single acetylcholine channels recorded
      from Xenopus myocytes.
AB  - The type of glass used to fabricate patch pipettes influences the kinetic
      properties of single-channel currents activated by acetylcholine in Xenopus
      myocytes. In patches formed with hard glass pipettes, the opening rate decreased
      in a time-dependent manner. Such decrease was most pronounced for the low
      conductance channel. In addition, longer-duration events of this form of channel
      dropped out faster than shorter-duration events and, as a consequence, the
      apparent channel open time became shorter during the recording period. These
      effects were not observed in patches formed with soft glass pipettes.

PMID- 3399131
TI  - Representation of forelimb mechanoreceptors within the superior colliculus of the
      cat.
AB  - Forelimb mechanoreceptor representation within the superior colliculus was
      investigated using microelectrode recording in decerebrate or anaesthetized cats.
      Selective activation of different mechanoreceptive fibre classes supplying the
      distal forelimb revealed a poor representation of all three fibre classes (SA, PC
      and RA) that innervate the glabrous skin. Furthermore, there was no evidence for
      Pacinian (PC) input from the interosseous or wrist region. The tap stimuli which
      are often needed to activate the collicular neurones, may be effective, when
      applied to the distal limb, because of stimulus spread to more proximal sites, or
      as a result of the synchronous recruitment of multiple classes of afferent
      fibres.

PMID- 3399132
TI  - Acutely induced shift in ocular dominance during brief monocular exposure:
      effects of cortical noradrenaline infusion.
AB  - Acutely anesthetized and paralysed kittens were monocularly exposed to TV shows
      for approximately 20 h, throughout which the visual cortex received a direct
      infusion of (-)-noradrenaline (NA) or (+)-NA. The ocular dominance distribution
      was found shifted toward the exposed eye in the (-)-NA-infused cortex, but not in
      control cortex, i.e. the drug-free kitten cortex, the kitten cortex infused with
      (+)-NA, and the (-)-NA-infused adult cortex. Noise patterns on the same TV screen
      also failed to induce a shift in the (-)-NA-infused kitten cortex. It is
      concluded that shift in ocular dominance takes place in kittens, even under
      general anesthesia and paralysis, when cortical (-)-NA infusion and pattern
      vision through one eye are combined.

PMID- 3399133
TI  - Muscarinic inhibitory effect in the guinea pig dentate gyrus in vitro.
AB  - Various drugs known to affect synaptic transmission were tested for their effects
      on extracellular field potentials evoked in the dentate granule cell layer of
      guinea pig hippocampal slices. Presumptive commissural (CF) and perforant path
      (PP) fibers were stimulated electrically by two separate pairs of stimulating
      electrodes. CF stimulation elicited a field potential with a current sink and PP
      stimulation with a current source in the cell layer. Bath-applied carbachol (0.5
      10 microM), in an atropine sensitive manner, depressed the CF-evoked field
      potential, but left the PP-evoked field potential unchanged. Further
      pharmacological testing revealed that this effect is likely to be mediated by
      inhibitory neurons in the dentate hilus.

PMID- 3399134
TI  - Effects of naloxone and of intraperitoneal hypertonic saline upon oxytocin
      release and upon supraoptic neuronal activity.
AB  - Urethane anaesthetized male rats were given an i.p. injection of hypertonic
      saline to increase plasma osmotic pressure. This injection resulted in
      significantly elevated plasma oxytocin levels and increased discharge activity of
      putative oxytocin cells in the supraoptic nucleus. Subsequent injection of
      naloxone (1 mg/kg) i.v. resulted in a similarly large increase in plasma
      oxytocin, but did not affect the discharge activity of putative oxytocin
      neurones. The results suggest that, following an i.p. injection of hypertonic
      saline, endogenous opioids act at the neurosecretory terminals to partially
      inhibit oxytocin release.

PMID- 3399136
TI  - Enhancement of neurite outgrowth in PC12h cells by a protease inhibitor.
AB  - Specific protease-protease inhibitor interactions have been suggested to play a
      role in the regulation of neurite outgrowth. We have examined the influence of
      exogenously added specific protease inhibitors on neurite outgrowth in PC12h cell
      in serum-free defined medium. Of 14 protease inhibitor species examined, only a
      leupeptin analogue, Ac-Leu-Leu-Nle-al was stimulatory for neurite outgrowth in
      the presence of nerve growth factor. Leupeptin and soybean trypsin inhibitor
      which had been reported to induce neurite outgrowth from sensory ganglia and
      neuroblastoma cells had no effect. These results suggest that an endogenous
      protease of a new type is involved in restricting neurite outgrowth in PC12h
      cell.

PMID- 3399135
TI  - Regeneration of descending axons in the spinal cord of the axolotl.
AB  - Horseradish peroxidase was used to describe the positions and approximate numbers
      of neurones with axons that descend to the lumbar spinal cord in normal axolotls
      and axolotls whose spinal cord had been transected 3-23 months previously. Three
      to 4 months after the transection approximately 10% of the axons had grown across
      the cut and returned to the lumbar spinal cord whereas 23 months after the
      transection the number and distribution of these cells were approaching those of
      the controls.

PMID- 3399137
TI  - Fetal serotoninergic transplants in the fourth ventricle of adult rodents reverse
      sleep disturbances induced by neonatal administration of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine.
AB  - Rats received a neonatal (at 4 days of age) intracisternal injection of 5,7
      dihydroxytryptamine which eliminates serotonin (5-HT) throughout adulthood. Sleep
      recordings, performed on these rats at adult age, demonstrated significant
      decreases in paradoxical sleep. Dissociated fetal 5-HT cell suspensions
      transplanted in the IVth ventricle of these rats restored paradoxical sleep.
      However, fetal neuronal noradrenergic or cholinergic transplants did not restore
      paradoxical sleep. These results suggest that paradoxical sleep is directly or
      indirectly mediated through serotoninergic mechanisms.

PMID- 3399138
TI  - Passive avoidance memory consolidation and reinstatement in the young rat.
AB  - Young rats (16-30 days), trained on a one-trial passive avoidance task, were
      subsequently submitted to the amnesic agent hypothermia 0, 5, 10, 20 or 30 min
      later, and tested for retention 6 h after training. While hypothermia
      administered 10 min after training was no longer effective in 30-day rats, it
      still induced a significant retrograde amnesia in younger animals. In 16- and 18
      day rats, administration of hypothermia 20 min after training could still produce
      a slight but statistically non-significant amnesia. Additionally, exposition to a
      reinstatement treatment was found to alleviate the amnesic effects of hypothermia
      in 20- and 30-day-old animals, while it seemed ineffective in 16- and 18-day
      rats. These findings suggest that the more immature the animal, the longer the
      consolidation period, the more vulnerable the mnemonic trace, and the less
      effective a reinstatement treatment for alleviation of retrograde amnesia.

PMID- 3399139
TI  - Simulation of the segmental burst generating network for locomotion in lamprey.
AB  - Recently a segmental network of inhibitory and excitatory interneurones, which
      are active during locomotion, has been described in the lamprey, a lower
      vertebrate. The interactions between the different neurones were established by
      paired intracellular recordings. A computer simulation of the segmental network
      has been performed, which shows that with the established neuronal connectivity
      rhythmic alternating burst activity can be generated within the upper part of the
      normal physiological range of locomotion. Three neurones of each kind were used
      (altogether 18 neurones). As shown previously the lower frequency range used in
      locomotion most likely depends on an activation of voltage-dependent N-methyl-D
      aspartate (NMDA) receptors, which could, however, not be simulated with the
      present neuronal models.

PMID- 3399140
TI  - Hippocampal slices from kindled rats show an increased sensitivity for induction
      of epileptiform activity by changes in extracellular ion concentrations.
AB  - The ability of increases in extracellular potassium ([K+]o) and/or decreases in
      extracellular calcium ([Ca2+]o) to induce epileptiform activity in hippocampal
      slices was studied by systematically varying [K+]o and [Ca2+]o. Slices prepared
      from kindled rats, both 1 week and 1 month after the last kindled seizure, showed
      an increased sensitivity to perturbations of both ions. Stimulus-locked
      epileptiform discharges occurred with small displacements of [K+]o and/or
      [Ca2+]o. The ionic threshold for spontaneous epileptiform discharges was not
      significantly affected. This long-lasting change in sensitivity to the ionic
      environment produced by the kindling process had important implications for
      epileptogenesis in chronically epileptic tissue.

PMID- 3399141
TI  - Outward chloride/cation co-transport in mammalian cortical neurons.
AB  - The mechanism underlying outward chloride transport in guinea pig cingulate
      cortical neurons of in vitro slices was characterized with respect to its
      pharmacological antagonists and anion selectivity, and the nature of other ion
      movements coupled to Cl- transport. Changes in intracellular Cl- concentration,
      following iontophoresis of Cl- from KCl-filled intracellular recording
      electrodes, were estimated from changes in the amplitude of GABAergic, Cl(-)
      mediated inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs). The rate of outward Cl-
      transport was found to be reduced by bumetanide but not by SITS. SCN-, but not
      NO3-, was found to be actively transported. Increasing the extracellular K+
      concentration ([K+]o) from 2.5 to 10 mM was found to inhibit Cl- extrusion. These
      data suggest that active Cl- extrusion from mammalian cortical neurons is
      mediated by an outwardly directed chloride/cation cotransport mechanism.
      Inhibition of this process by elevated [K+]o may be important in epilepsy.

PMID- 3399143
TI  - The effect of transient ischemia on 2-[14C]deoxyglucose metabolism in the rat
      hippocampus pretreated with kainic acid.
AB  - CA1 pyramidal neurons are selectively vulnerable to ischemia. 2-[14C]Deoxyglucose
      (2-DG) autoradiography was employed to measure local glucose utilization in the
      rat hippocampus after transient ischemia, under the condition of unilateral
      prevention of ischemic CA1 pyramidal cell necrosis by unilateral lesioning of
      Schaffer collaterals (left side). Columnar 2-DG uptake patterns in the CA1 region
      with intact Schaffer collaterals (right side) was observed 19-22 h after
      recirculation, though no laterality was noted 3 and 8 h after recirculation. In
      the right subiculum, higher 2-DG uptake was observed 19-22 h after recirculation
      in 5 out of 8 animals. These results suggest that Schaffer collaterals play a
      role in modulating glucose metabolism in the CA1 and subiculum during
      recirculation.

PMID- 3399142
TI  - Antagonist action of imidazobenzodiazepine Ro 15-4513 on ethanol-induced
      alterations of saccadic eye movements in the pigmented rat.
AB  - Following an intraperitoneal injection of ethanol (1 g/kg), spontaneous saccades
      performed by pigmented rats showed a backward post-saccadic drift which was still
      present 45 min after the administration. When 5 mg/kg of Ro 15-4513 were
      injected, 15 min after ethanol, there was an immediate remarkable reduction in
      post-saccadic drift amplitude, with a full recovery in about 30 min after Ro 15
      4513 administration. This drug is thus able to reverse the effect of ethanol and
      to restore effectively a mechanism of motor integration.

PMID- 3399144
TI  - Axonal transport of intraocularly injected [3H-Sph]-GD1a in the chicken optic
      system and the fate of the exogenous ganglioside distributed by blood.
AB  - Twelve-day-old chicks (White Leghorn) received an injection of 481 kBq (8.1 nmol)
      of [3H-Sph]-GD1a, which was labeled in its sphingoid, into the right eye.
      Structures of the injected and the non-injected (control) optic system (retinae,
      optic nerves, chiasm, optic lobes), the cerebrum, blood liver, kidney, and fly
      muscle were analyzed 1, 4, 8 and 14 days later, with respect to total non
      volatile radioactivity and to that bound to lower-phase lipids and gangliosides.
      It was demonstrated that exogenous [3H-Sph]-GD1a was taken up by the retina and
      mainly catabolized. 3H-label, reincorporated into the lower-phase lipids and
      gangliosides as well as authentic exogenous [3H-Sph]-GD1a were transported
      rapidly anterogradely in the entire optic system. [3H-Sph]-GD1a, distributed via
      the blood stream, was taken up by liver, kidney and muscle and was metabolized
      faster in these organs than in the retina. The cerebrum and the brain structures
      of the control optic system incorporated 3H-radioactivity to a much lower extent
      than the non-neural organs.

PMID- 3399145
TI  - Three types of neurons in the medial cuneate nucleus of the cat.
AB  - A combined study utilizing Golgi-EM and gamma-aminobutyrate (GABA)
      immunocytochemistry revealed the presence of 3 types of neurons in the cat medial
      cuneate nucleus. The 2 GABA-immunonegative neuron types were characterized by
      numerous and richly arborized dendritic processes; they were abundant in the
      rough endoplasmic reticulum and other cell organelles, and the perikarya were
      heavily covered by axosomatic terminal boutons. Their large neuron type (35 +/- 3
      micron diameter) exhibited thick and bifurcating dendrites, whereas the dendrites
      of the smaller (28 +/- 3 micron) immunonegative nerve cell were more or less
      radially oriented. The third and smallest neuron type (24 +/- 4 micron), shape
      not demonstrated by Golgi stain, indicated strong GABA-immunopositivity. The soma
      of this type had relatively little rough endoplasmic reticulum and other cell
      organelles, and received only few or slight axosomatic synapses, in contrast to
      the GABA-positive cells. A quantitative estimation of immunostained and
      immunonegative nerve cells in the 50 micron thick sections showed that 11-45% of
      nerve cells in the medial cuneate nucleus are GABA-positive.

PMID- 3399146
TI  - Zonal organization of olivo-nodulus projections in albino rabbits.
AB  - The organization of inferior olivary projections to the cerebellar nodulus in
      albino rabbits was assessed by autoradiographic, anterograde degeneration and
      retrograde transport techniques. These data indicate that the caudal aspect of
      the dorsal cap of Kooy projects to a band extending 0.5-1 mm lateral to the
      midline of the nodulus. The medial half of this region receives a projection from
      beta nucleus over at least the dorsal surface of the nodulus; an extension onto
      the ventral surface, though, is consistent with the anterograde tracing data. The
      rostral aspect of the dorsal cap and ventrolateral outgrowth projects to an
      adjacent 0.5-1 mm wide band in the nodulus. A group of cells spanning the
      intermediocaudal dorsal cap and the adjacent, dorsomedial margin of the beta
      nucleus appears to project laterally on the ventral surface of the nodulus. On
      the dorsal aspect of the nodulus and ventral surface of lobule IXd, though,
      comparisons of anterograde and retrograde tracing data suggest that this lateral
      field is innervated by the rostral aspect of the dorsomedial cell column and the
      rostromedial accessory olive. Finally, the regions of lobules X and IXd lining
      the posterolateral fissure represent a transition between lobule IX and ventral
      lobule X patterns of olivary projections. These data provide a basis for
      investigating the efferent projections of the nodulus to distinct olivo
      vestibular terminal fields in the vestibular nuclei.

PMID- 3399147
TI  - Parasagittal zonal pattern of olivo-nodular projections in rabbit cerebellum.
AB  - Injection of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into the nodulus of the rabbit
      retrogradely labeled cells in 5 subdivisions of the contralateral inferior olive.
      Localized HRP injections at each of the medial, intermediate and lateral parts of
      the nodulus revealed 6 longitudinal zones, two zones in each part, projected
      differentially from the 5 olivary subdivisions: (i) the medial-most zone
      projected from the beta nucleus, (ii) the lateral zone of the medial part and
      (iii) the lateral zone of the intermediate part both from the dorsal cap, (iv)
      the medial zone of the intermediate part from the ventrolateral outgrowth, (v)
      the medial zone of the lateral part from the dorsomedial cell column, and (vi)
      the lateral-most zone from the rostrolateral part of the medial accessory olive.
      A complication is that the zones (v) and (vi) seemed to cover the dorsal lamina
      of the nodulus, but not the ventral lamina. The lateral part of the ventral
      nodulus seemed to be projected from the dorsal cap and may therefore be a lateral
      extension of zone (iv). There was an indication that the rostral-most area of the
      medial accessory olive also projects to the nodulus, but a specific receptive
      zone for this projection was unclear. The present results suggest that the small
      lateral area of the nodulus previously found to be involved in cardiovascular
      control is projected from the rostrolateral part of the medial accessory olive
      and/or the dorsomedial cell column.

PMID- 3399150
TI  - Women's health and lifestyles.

PMID- 3399149
TI  - Dopamine enhances the neuronal activity of spatial short-term memory task in the
      primate prefrontal cortex.
AB  - The influence of dopamine and its antagonists on neuronal activity related to the
      delay period of a delayed response task was examined in the monkey prefrontal
      cortex. Iontophoretically applied dopamine enhanced the delay-related neuronal
      activity, while fluphenazine and haloperidol attenuated the activity. Sulpiride
      had no effect on the activity. The results suggest that dopamine promotes
      processing of spatial short-term memory by increasing memory-related activity in
      the primate prefrontal cortex, probably via D1-type dopamine receptor.

PMID- 3399148
TI  - Synaptic bases of cortically-induced rhythmical hypoglossal motoneuronal activity
      in the cat.
AB  - Intracellular recordings were made from hypoglossal motoneurons during cortically
      induced fictive mastication in paralyzed encephale isole cats. Repetitive
      stimulation of the masticatory area of the cerebral cortex induced rhythmical
      tongue movements coordinated with jaw movements. After the animal was
      immobilized, the cortical stimulation still induced rhythmical burst activity in
      the hypoglossal nerve and the digastric nerve. The burst activities in the medial
      and lateral branches of the hypoglossal nerve alternated rhythmically, and were
      in and out of phase with the burst activities of the digastric nerve,
      respectively. All hypoglossal motoneurons showed rhythmical intracellular
      potentials during repetitive cortical stimulation. The rhythmical depolarizing
      potentials superimposed by spike bursts appeared in phase with rhythmical bursts
      in either the lateral or medial branch of the hypoglossal nerve. No
      hyperpolarization was present between consecutive depolarizing potentials.
      Synaptic activation noise increased coincidentally with the depolarizing
      potential, indicating that EPSPs were involved in the generation of the
      depolarizing potential. No evidence was obtained for the existence of IPSPs
      during the inter-depolarizing phase by intracellular current injection. It was
      concluded that rhythmical bombardment of excitatory impulses to hypoglossal
      motoneurons was responsible for the rhythmical activity induced by repetitive
      stimulation of the cortical masticatory area.

PMID- 3399151
TI  - Women's health in developing countries.

PMID- 3399152
TI  - The start of menstruation.

PMID- 3399153
TI  - The premenstrual and menstrual syndrome.

PMID- 3399154
TI  - The menopause: a personal account.

PMID- 3399156
TI  - Mastectomy.

PMID- 3399155
TI  - Screening and women's health.

PMID- 3399159
TI  - The menopause.

PMID- 3399158
TI  - Childbirth and parenthood: their effects on women.

PMID- 3399157
TI  - Contraception: choices.

PMID- 3399161
TI  - Hysterectomy.

PMID- 3399163
TI  - Testicular cancer.

PMID- 3399162
TI  - Man's role in society and its effect on health.

PMID- 3399160
TI  - Vaginal discharge and cystitis.

PMID- 3399164
TI  - Male sexuality.

PMID- 3399165
TI  - Ageing in men and the crisis of middle age.

PMID- 3399166
TI  - Men and bereavement.

PMID- 3399167
TI  - Unemployment and men's health.

PMID- 3399169
TI  - Well man clinics.

PMID- 3399168
TI  - Men and stress.

PMID- 3399170
TI  - Communication difficulties and assertiveness/negotiation skills.

PMID- 3399171
TI  - Communication skills.

PMID- 3399173
TI  - Self-awareness.

PMID- 3399172
TI  - Communicating for the future.

PMID- 3399175
TI  - Communication and the health care team--a junior doctor's view.

PMID- 3399174
TI  - Providing psychological safety through skilled communication.

PMID- 3399176
TI  - Humanistic values and the ward environment.

PMID- 3399177
TI  - Team working--breaking down the barriers.

PMID- 3399178
TI  - Cardiovascular disease mortality trends in the western Pacific, 1968-1984.
AB  - Much attention has been paid in recent years to the declining cardiovascular
      disease mortality rates in western industrialised countries; far less attention
      has been paid to other countries. A comparison of 1984 age standardised mortality
      rates in five western Pacific countries indicates a wide variation for all cause
      mortality and all cardiovascular disease mortality, with Singapore having rates
      twice as great as Japan which has the lowest rates. New Zealand has the highest
      rate of coronary heart disease, and with Australia the lowest rate of stroke
      mortality. Mortality rates for each disease category studied were lower among
      women than men for each country. In the period 1968-1984 all countries
      experienced a decline in all cause mortality. All cardiovascular disease
      mortality rates have declined in all countries except Singapore; coronary heart
      disease mortality rates have increased in Singapore. The improvements in stroke
      mortality in Japan have been dramatic in comparison with the other four
      countries. These marked variations in absolute levels and secular trends raise
      intriguing research questions and indicate the potential for prevention in all
      countries.

PMID- 3399179
TI  - Climatic and social associations with postneonatal mortality rates within New
      Zealand.
AB  - There is considerable regional variation in postneonatal mortality rates within
      New Zealand. The majority of postneonatal deaths are recorded as sudden infant
      death syndrome, and the regional rates of these deaths show a significant
      negative correlation with the mean daily temperature and mean 0900 hr vapour
      pressure (p less than 0.001). Postneonatal mortality rates, excluding sudden
      infant death syndrome mortality, show significant positive correlation with the
      regional percentage of the population of Maori descent (p less than 0.001).
      Further investigation of environmental temperature or factors closely related to
      it may shed light on the aetiology of the sudden infant death syndrome.

PMID- 3399180
TI  - Campylobacter pylori--a simple answer to a complex problem?

PMID- 3399181
TI  - The management of diabetes in general practice.
AB  - Over a period of 3 months 32 general practitioners in the Waikato kept copies of
      all consultations with patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Of
      229 patients with diabetes known to the practices 189 were seen on a total of 438
      occasions. Mean fructosamine level was 2.93 mmol/L. Each consultation was
      analysed as to history obtained, examinations performed, investigations ordered
      and referrals made. Overall care was satisfactory except for the low incidence of
      checking for early signs of peripheral vascular disease or diabetic neuropathy
      affecting the feet and for diabetic nephropathy.

PMID- 3399182
TI  - A comparison of umbilical cord treatment in the control of superficial infection.
AB  - Owing to a high incidence of superficial infection in the newborn period the
      existing cord care treatment of Iodosan 10% in surgical spirit was compared with
      4% chlorhexidine detergent solution. A prospective crossover study was performed
      between two comparable maternity units. Cord bacteriology was assessed at the
      time of discharge from hospital and the day of cord separation recorded. The
      number of infections involving skin, eyes and umbilical cord occurring in
      hospital and at home were recorded. Chlorhexidine treatment of the cord was
      associated with an overall reduction in bacterial colonisation of the cord. This
      was most marked for coagulase positive staphylococci and was not associated with
      an increase in gram negative organisms. Cord separation occurred at a mean of 10
      days with Iodosan and 20 days with chlorhexidine. Chlorhexidine treatment was
      associated with fewer infections overall; 21% of babies v 38% of babies treated
      with Iodosan. Conjunctival infection was most commonly recorded; 48 babies being
      affected in the Iodosan group and 20 in the chlorhexidine group. The use of 4%
      chlorhexidine detergent solution is supported, but the length of treatment may
      have to be limited in order to encourage cord separation.

PMID- 3399183
TI  - DNA analysis and genetic counselling in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
AB  - The new modality of DNA analysis has enabled a major advance in genetic
      counseling of families with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Precise determination of
      the carrier status of females is possible; and the affected fetus may be
      identified at an early stage of pregnancy.

PMID- 3399184
TI  - A course for alcohol offending drivers: a preliminary study.
AB  - A course for alcohol-impaired drivers was assessed from January 1986 to September
      1987. At three months 48% had modified their drinking and 21% had stopped
      drinking.

PMID- 3399185
TI  - A defective endotracheal tube.

PMID- 3399186
TI  - Antibiotics for bites.

PMID- 3399188
TI  - A new shingles therapy.

PMID- 3399187
TI  - Cost of pharmaceutical benefits.

PMID- 3399189
TI  - Over nourishment in New Zealand.

PMID- 3399190
TI  - Epilepsy and psychiatry--help for double trouble.

PMID- 3399191
TI  - Hospital utilisation rates by Maori and non-Maori.

PMID- 3399192
TI  - Rethinking mild hypertension.

PMID- 3399193
TI  - Acute mountain sickness and acetazolamide.

PMID- 3399194
TI  - Medical insurance and the NZMA relative value index scale.

PMID- 3399195
TI  - Urban and rural health.

PMID- 3399196
TI  - Infant feeding.

PMID- 3399197
TI  - Looking after each other.

PMID- 3399198
TI  - Retinoid therapy and anosmia.

PMID- 3399199
TI  - Guidelines on AIDS.

PMID- 3399200
TI  - A note on nurses' health.

PMID- 3399201
TI  - HCFA's mortality statistics.

PMID- 3399202
TI  - Dealing with competition: the role of the nursing outreach coordinator.

PMID- 3399203
TI  - The nurse as an expert witness.

PMID- 3399204
TI  - Long-distance management ... hospital-based emergicenters.

PMID- 3399205
TI  - CORE documentation: a complete system for charting nursing care.

PMID- 3399206
TI  - Medical short stay--a viable alternative.

PMID- 3399208
TI  - Managing staffing with a personal computer--Part II.

PMID- 3399207
TI  - Bridging the gap: theory to practice--Part I, Clinical applications.

PMID- 3399209
TI  - Observation: the healthcare link for continuity of care.

PMID- 3399211
TI  - ANA 1988: a march with more care (and less noise) into the 90s.

PMID- 3399212
TI  - Managing staff education with a department of one.

PMID- 3399210
TI  - Preparing the preceptor's preceptors.

PMID- 3399213
TI  - Development and use of a nursing process audit instrument.

PMID- 3399214
TI  - Documenting continuing education: a management tool for inservice directors.

PMID- 3399216
TI  - Clinic staffing: a comprehensive approach.

PMID- 3399215
TI  - Absenteeism: a proposal.

PMID- 3399217
TI  - Should we develop an intravenous therapy team?

PMID- 3399219
TI  - A severity index for medication errors.

PMID- 3399218
TI  - C-R-A-Mming for good nursing supervision Comprehensive Random Achievement
      Monitor.

PMID- 3399220
TI  - Weaving a fabric: NICU networking.

PMID- 3399221
TI  - Clinical emergencies in the Nuclear Medicine Department.

PMID- 3399222
TI  - Thyroglobulin and 131I uptake of remaining tissue in patients with differentiated
      carcinoma after thyroidectomy.
AB  - In 158 thyroidectomized patients with well-differentiated non-metastatic thyroid
      cancer the results of serum thyroglobulin (Tg) determination and 131I uptake
      values established immediately before radioiodine treatment (19 days after
      surgery) were compared. In 113 patients (72%) Tg was above 6 ng ml-1 (lower limit
      of detection) and 131I uptake exceeded 2%. In 11 patients (7%) Tg was
      undetectable and 131I uptake less than 2%. In these cases a radioiodine treatment
      was not performed; the thyroid ablation was achieved by surgery only. In 34
      patients (21%) with undetectable Tg, 131I uptake values, however, varied between
      3 and 46% (mean value: 9.6%). Only in 4 of these 34 patients was TSH not
      maximally (50 microU ml-1) stimulated because of a shorter (9, 10, 11, 13 days)
      period from thyroidectomy. In conclusion, remaining thyroid tissue, highly
      stimulated by TSH, can trap a remarkable amount of radioiodine, but may be unable
      to produce detectable amounts of Tg. Therefore, in contrast to 131I, measuring Tg
      is insufficient to document the success of thyroid ablation. For the first follow
      up study after ablative therapy, the uptake test with radioiodine is mandatory.

PMID- 3399224
TI  - The implications of patient antibody response for the clinical usefulness of
      immunoscintigraphy.
AB  - The evolving clinical role for tumour immunoscintigraphy appears to be in
      monitoring patients for metastatic spread and tumour recurrence. Such diagnostic
      strategies inevitably involve repeat imaging investigations, and therefore the
      probability of patient immunization against the administered radiopharmaceutical
      is increased. Patient antibody responses would appear to affect the quality and
      sensitivity of repeat imaging studies, and this also has implications for the
      therapeutic efficacy of subsequent therapy doses. A simple test for determining
      patient sensitization to antibody is required.

PMID- 3399223
TI  - Investigations to determine the optimum conditions for radiolabelling human
      platelets with 99Tcm-hexamethyl propylene amine oxime (99Tcm-HM-PAO)
AB  - 99Tcm-hexamethyl propylene amine oxime (99Tcm-HM-PAO) has been evaluated as an
      agent to radiolabel human platelets in vitro. The rate of uptake of this
      lipophilic complex, the effect of HM-PAO, plasma and platelet concentration were
      measured to determine the optimum conditions for radiolabelling platelets for
      short-term clinical investigations of thromboses. The complex was made according
      to the manufacturer's instructions and immediately added to isolated platelets in
      vitro. The rate of labelling was slower than for leucocytes, reaching a plateau
      after approximately 40 min at room temperature (RT). Increasing the temperature
      to 37 degrees C did not increase the labelling efficiency (LE). Addition of
      plasma to platelets at a cell concentration of 1 x 10(9) [corrected] ml-1 reduced
      the LE from 66% in saline to 52% in 20% ACD-plasma. However, increasing the
      platelet concentration from 5 x 10(8) to 2 x 10(9) ml-1, increased the LE from 9
      to 76% for platelets labelled in 20% plasma for 30 min at RT. The in vitro
      stability of the 99Tcm in the labelled cells showed that 7% of the radioactivity
      were immediately released from the platelets and a further 13% were eluted during
      a 60 min incubation in plasma at 37 degrees C. It has been concluded that
      incubation of platelets at RT with 99Tcm-HM-PAO containing 80 micrograms ml-1 HM
      PAO at a cell concentration of 1 x 10(9) ml-1 or greater, results in a high LE,
      with more than 85% of the 99Tcm being retained by the platelets during a 60 min
      incubation in plasma.

PMID- 3399225
TI  - An experimental approach to explain some misinterpretations of diuresis
      renography.
AB  - Since its introduction in 1978, gamma camera diuresis renography has proved a
      useful technique in the differential diagnosis of the dilated renal pelvis.
      Comparative analyses with perfusion pressure flow studies have revealed
      discrepancies in a number of cases. These may have been caused in part by
      incorrect interpretation of the renograms. A renal pelvis model has been
      developed that permits renograms to be obtained for different renal pelvis
      volumes, different flow rates and different degrees of obstruction. The results
      show that a curve approaching an exponential function after increased flow rules
      out an obstruction. A slight flattening of the curve, however, is indicative of
      obstruction. Failure to take note of these finer distinctions can lead to
      misinterpretations.

PMID- 3399226
TI  - Whither (or wither) tumour imaging using radiolabelled antibodies?

PMID- 3399227
TI  - Radioimmunoscintigraphy: a way ahead.

PMID- 3399228
TI  - CD ROM: what is it? What can it do for me?

PMID- 3399229
TI  - A nursing knowledge-base for pain management.

PMID- 3399230
TI  - A Computers in Nursing course: outcome literacy.

PMID- 3399231
TI  - Clinical nursing concepts: computer simulation.

PMID- 3399233
TI  - Prompt treatment of heat stress can reduce medical catastrophies.

PMID- 3399232
TI  - Serious legal issues lead OHNs to step out of clinic into courtroom.

PMID- 3399234
TI  - Right-to-know laws: a guide to maintaining compliance.

PMID- 3399235
TI  - Comprehensive 'OH&EIS' systems help firms combine related data.

PMID- 3399236
TI  - Promising biotechnology industry raises unique safety, health issues.

PMID- 3399237
TI  - Human productivity directly linked to employee-employer relationships.

PMID- 3399238
TI  - [Examination of the iris in diseases of the digestive organs and the role of
      ophthalmologists in their diagnosis].

PMID- 3399239
TI  - [The encephaloretinal system of the visual analyzer: its morphology and various
      clinical problems].

PMID- 3399240
TI  - [Changes in eye tissues exposed to local action of infrasound].

PMID- 3399241
TI  - [New data on the polarization-optical properties of the crystalline lens].

PMID- 3399243
TI  - [Sarcoidosis of the eyes and optic tract].

PMID- 3399242
TI  - [Complications of laser microsurgery of the eye and their prevention and
      treatment. I. The anterior eye segment].

PMID- 3399244
TI  - [Organization of summertime therapeutic, diagnostic and sanitary measures for
      children with vision disorders].

PMID- 3399245
TI  - [Autoscopy of transparent eye media].

PMID- 3399246
TI  - [A new method of drug treatment of chronic conjunctivitis of bacterial etiology].

PMID- 3399247
TI  - [A stretcher-holder for skiascopic rulers].

PMID- 3399248
TI  - [A case of odontogenic sinusitis with infiltration of the orbit and optic nerve].

PMID- 3399249
TI  - [Penetrating eye injury by a fish hook].

PMID- 3399250
TI  - [Surgical tactics in removing various types of traumatic fibrous changes in the
      vitreous body].

PMID- 3399251
TI  - [The role and tactics of laser interventions in the trans-vitreous removal of
      foreign bodies from the posterior part of the eye].

PMID- 3399253
TI  - [Classification of injuries of the eyes and their protective system].

PMID- 3399252
TI  - [Results of vitrectomy in recurrent uveitis].

PMID- 3399254
TI  - [Status of the histamine-serotonin-monoamine oxidase humoral system in vascular
      optic neuropathies].

PMID- 3399255
TI  - [Status of the organ of vision after chronic occupational exposure to lead].

PMID- 3399256
TI  - [Effect of chromatic photostimulation on the accommodation reserves in children
      with amblyopia].

PMID- 3399257
TI  - [Pathomorphology of the organ of vision in the acute generalized form of
      congenital toxoplasmosis].

PMID- 3399258
TI  - Technique for incisional biopsy of a lacrimal gland mass when the diagnosis of
      benign mixed tumor cannot be excluded clinically.
AB  - In most cases of a lacrimal gland mass, the management course can be defined
      clearly based on an accurate history supported by characteristic radiographic
      features. There are, however, certain cases that do not fit cleanly into
      management algorithms and, on occasion, it may be necessary to obtain an
      incisional biopsy into a lacrimal gland mass when the diagnosis of benign mixed
      tumor cannot be excluded conclusively. We report a technique for incisional
      lacrimal gland biopsy under these circumstances. To prevent tumor spillage in the
      event of benign mixed tumor, the incision site into the gland is covered with
      several drops of butyl-2-cyanoacrylate. The biopsy specimen is submitted for
      frozen section examination. If the frozen section reveals benign mixed tumor, the
      entire gland may be removed, with the cyanoacrylate bond protecting the lacrimal
      gland contents from contaminating the orbit. The technique and its indications
      are described in detail.

PMID- 3399259
TI  - Treatment of periorbital Molluscum contagiosum by incision and curettage.
AB  - Molluscum contagiosum, caused by a double-stranded DNA virus, is found world
      wide, affecting humans as well as other primates and marsupials. In humans, a
      biphasic incidence occurs with peak infection rates among young children and
      young adults. In children, infection is spread by direct contact or through
      fomites, with lesions predominating on the trunk, extremities, and face. In young
      adults, this disease is spread primarily through sexual contact. Periocular
      infection can cause secondary chronic follicular conjunctivitis, superficial
      keratitis, and punctal occlusion. Although many modes of therapy are effective in
      destruction of the virus, some may have significant side effects when used in the
      periocular area. We describe treatment by incision and curettage, which we
      recommend as a simple, effective method of managing this problem.

PMID- 3399260
TI  - Penetrating orbital injury with cavernous sinus involvement.
AB  - Penetrating orbital injuries may involve intracranial structures as well. We
      report an unusual case of permanent visual loss, temporary complete
      ophthalmoplegia, and penetration of the internal carotid artery following
      penetrating nail injury. CT scanning and arteriography are important diagnostic
      tests to consider prior to removal of an orbital foreign body. This case also
      demonstrates the importance of delaying repair of traumatic ptosis and
      ophthalmoplegia.

PMID- 3399261
TI  - "Proplast" for keratoprosthesis.
AB  - 'Proplast,' a Teflon fluorocarbon polymer and carbon fiber composite, was used as
      support for a polymethyl-methacrylate cylinder in a keratoprosthesis that was
      implanted in rabbit corneas with successful retention for up to 3 years.

PMID- 3399262
TI  - Ciliochoroidal effusion as precursor of suprachoroidal hemorrhage: a pathologic
      study.
AB  - Ciliochoroidal effusion and suprachoroidal (expulsive) hemorrhage both occur in
      hypotonic eyes and may be serious complications of intraocular surgery or other
      ocular perforations. Clinical observations have given rise to the suspicion that
      ciliochoroidal effusion may be a precursor of suprachoroidal hemorrhage, which
      has resulted in a change of recommended surgical management of the complications.
      In the present pathologic study, typical ciliochoroidal effusion is demonstrated
      at the stage at which rupture of stretched posterior ciliary arteries makes
      suprachoroidal hemorrhage imminent. Our observations morphologically support the
      clinical conclusions of Maumenee and Schwartz.

PMID- 3399263
TI  - Use of digital compression following glaucoma surgery.
AB  - A survey of American glaucoma specialists showed that digital compression of the
      globe following filtering surgery for glaucoma is used extensively. Consensus
      regarding the method and timing of "massage" is lacking, as are controlled
      clinical studies supporting its assumed benefits.

PMID- 3399264
TI  - A syndrome of multiple fundal anomalies in siblings with microcephaly without
      mental retardation.
AB  - Chorioretinal and retinal anomalies, among others, have been described in
      association with true autosomal recessive microcephaly. Accompanying hypertrophy
      of retinal pigment epithelium has been described in association with Gardner's
      syndrome. We present the cases of three siblings (two boys and one girl) with
      true autosomal recessive microcephaly without mental retardation and without
      associated systemic anomalies who showed hypertrophy of the retinal pigment
      epithelium similar to that described in Gardner's syndrome. In the boys, these
      spots were located on a background of fine variations in pigment, with scattered
      depigmented atrophic areas revealing the sclera in the peripheral and
      midperipheral fundus. Superadded white spots were located in front of the retinal
      vessels. The younger boy also had discrete patches of chorioretinal atrophy of
      0.5 to 1 disc diameter. The girl, in addition to the hyperpigmented spots, had a
      diffuse area of chorioretinal atrophy. The anomalies described above suggest that
      congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium is not unique to
      Gardner's syndrome.

PMID- 3399265
TI  - Penlight test for glare disability of cataracts.
AB  - We describe an alternative glare test using a simple penlight. When the glare and
      decrease in vision created by the penlight were compared on Snellen chart
      recordings, 92% of eyes within 20/50 or less visual acuity were no longer able to
      see even the 20/200 Snellen figure. This penlight test is suggested as an adjunct
      to standard Snellen testing in the evaluation of the cataract surgery patient.

PMID- 3399266
TI  - Water pressure and flow regulation for water-cooled lasers.
AB  - We experienced laser water valve failure resulting from poor water quality,
      frequent laser shutdowns from low water flow rates, and unnecessary service calls
      shortly after installing a new laser. The water valve failure resulted from
      deposits and corrosion. A dirt/rust water filter was installed, and no further
      water valve failure has occurred. A flow meter was added to the water system to
      adjust flow rates. It clearly shows when laser shutdowns are caused by low flow
      rates and indicates the need for water filter changes. Water pressure was
      monitored and is most affected by use of the laser. A convenient electric water
      control, activated by the laser key switch, has proved to be reliable. The water
      control is kept open by a timer ten minutes after the laser is shut off. We
      determined that our laser shutdowns were related to transient drops in water flow
      rates and possibly to draw off of water in other parts of the hospital.

PMID- 3399267
TI  - A simple aid to successful probing of congenitally obstructed nasolacrimal ducts.
AB  - For successful probing of congenitally obstructed nasolacrimal ducts in infants,
      the probe must reach the inferior nasal meatus. Previous methods to determine the
      position of the probe in the nose require intranasal examination method using two
      probes of equal length. The first probe is placed inside the lacrimal outflow
      system and the second probe is placed against the nose. The second probe can be
      used to measure the distance between the point of the first probe and the
      anterior narial margin. This method may be particularly valuable in those cases
      in which the probe point is less than 5 mm below the anterior narial margin.

PMID- 3399268
TI  - Simple adaptor using a Zeiss observer tube on a Nikon slit lamp.
AB  - A simple adaptor was manufactured to allow fitting of a Zeiss beam splitter and
      observer tube onto a Nikon slit lamp YAG laser. No noticeable optical or
      mechanical problems have been experienced with this cost-saving device.

PMID- 3399269
TI  - An ophthalmologist's retinal detachment.

PMID- 3399270
TI  - Instant anti-tussives to avoid expulsion in ophthalmic surgery.

PMID- 3399271
TI  - Respiratory depression following retrobulbar bupivacaine.

PMID- 3399272
TI  - Peribulbar anesthesia.

PMID- 3399273
TI  - Solving the mystery of aqueous humor.

PMID- 3399275
TI  - Diagnostic imaging in otolaryngology II: sinuses, neck, and temporomandibular
      joint.

PMID- 3399274
TI  - [Thousands of nurses resist the lowering of requirements for nursing education].

PMID- 3399276
TI  - Head and neck: high field magnetic resonance imaging versus computed tomography.
AB  - A comparative review of head and neck lesions examined with both CT and MRI
      showed that the location and extent of lesions can be more precisely evaluated
      with MRI. MRI allows better differentiation of neurogenic tumors from other
      lesions. Vascular structures are easily visualized on MRI without intravenous
      contrast and can easily be differentiated from lymph nodes. However, cystic
      lesions and necrotic nodes sometimes could not be differentiated from solid
      lesions when using MRI.

PMID- 3399278
TI  - Changes and advances in neonatal care.

PMID- 3399277
TI  - Temporomandibular joint: role of direct sagittal CT air-contrast arthrogram and
      MRI.
AB  - Direct sagittal CT air-contrast arthrography can provide useful diagnostic
      information in the evaluation of disorders of the temporomandibular joint. The
      technique for the performance of this examination is practical and efficient,
      using a specifically designed head-holder, which is described. This technique
      effectively complements the clinical and imaging work-up of jaw dysfunction.

PMID- 3399279
TI  - The pediatrician and neonatology today.

PMID- 3399280
TI  - Perinatal care: the threat of deregionalization.

PMID- 3399281
TI  - The pediatrician's role in the level II nursery.

PMID- 3399283
TI  - The recognition and management of immunodeficient disorders. The Second
      International Symposium. May 20-23, 1987, St. Petersburg, Florida. Proceedings.

PMID- 3399282
TI  - Delivery room resuscitation of the neonate.

PMID- 3399284
TI  - Immunodeficiency after major trauma and selective surgery.
AB  - The posttrauma immunodeficiency syndrome and the related postsurgery
      immunodeficiency syndrome are essential for the infections often occurring after
      polytrauma and major surgery. Data are given here showing that after such events
      the levels of immunoglobulins; the complement factors C3C, C4 and C Factor B; and
      the numbers of circulating lymphocytes and of the subpopulations CD3, CD4, CD8
      and natural killer cells as well as the stimulatory capacity of mononuclear cells
      to mitogen fall; while the levels of acute phase proteins, neopterin and
      interleukin 2 receptors and the spontaneous uptake of thymidine by mononuclear
      cells become augmented. Extent and duration of these changes and the rate of
      subsequent infections depend on the extent and kind of surgery (minor, major,
      clean, contaminated). However, crucial factors of the posttrauma and postsurgery
      immunodeficiency syndromes are not yet elucidated and relevant predictive
      parameters for infections are not at hand. These are essential prerequisites to
      initiate future immunomodulatory measures which should be added to the use of
      intravenous immunoglobulins yielding so far distinct but limited benefits for the
      prevention of infections after polytrauma and major surgery.

PMID- 3399285
TI  - Replacement therapy with high dose intravenous gamma-globulin improves chronic
      sinopulmonary disease in patients with hypogammaglobulinemia.
AB  - In the last 30 years patients with antibody deficiency have benefited remarkably
      from regular replacement therapy with intramuscular immune serum globulin. In a
      proportion of patients this approach has not been successful in preventing
      sinopulmonary infections and progressive deterioration. The introduction of
      preparations of immune serum globulin suitable for intravenous administration
      provided the potential for examining the effects of achieving higher serum IgG
      levels. We have therefore evaluated and compared high vs low dose therapy in
      patients with hypogammaglobulinemia and sinopulmonary disease. To achieve minimum
      trough serum IgG levels of 500 mg/dl, we administered 0.6 g/kg every 4 weeks.
      High dose therapy proved efficacious in reducing symptoms, decreasing the
      frequency of major and minor infections and significantly improving pulmonary
      function. The improvement appeared to correlate with a marked reduction in the
      isolation of Mycoplasma, particularly Urea-plasma urealyticum, an important cause
      of infection in patients with hypogammaglobulinemia. High dose therapy with
      immune serum globulin suitable for intravenous administration appears to be the
      treatment of choice in patients with sinopulmonary disease.

PMID- 3399286
TI  - Brain swelling in the asphyxiated term newborn: pathogenesis and outcome.
AB  - The role of brain swelling following acute hypoxic-ischemic insult in the genesis
      of brain injury in the term newborn is controversial. Recent experimental animal
      studies suggest that it may result from prior irreversible cerebral necrosis and
      therefore represents a consequence as opposed to a cause of major brain injury.
      In this study, 32 asphyxiated term newborns were studied during the first week of
      life with serial intracranial pressure measurements. A total of 26 infants had CT
      scans during the first five days of life. Seven patients had two CT scans within
      this period. These investigations were correlated with outcome at 18 months of
      age. Seven infants had increased intracranial pressure (greater than 10 mm Hg)
      that reached a maximum between 36 and 72 hours of age. Cerebral perfusion
      pressures remained normal, which makes ongoing ischemic injury unlikely as a
      cause. The seven patients with increased intracranial pressure had decreased
      attenuation on CT that was generalized in six infants and patchy in one infant.
      Of the infants with increased intracranial pressure and severe CT abnormalities,
      three died and four had severe neurologic sequelae. In seven infants, a second CT
      scan at three to four days of life demonstrated progression of the decrease in
      tissue attenuation. Most of the infants with normal intracranial pressure (23/25)
      had no or had only minor neurologic abnormalities at follow-up. These data
      suggest that brain swelling is relatively uncommon in the asphyxiated term
      newborn.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3399287
TI  - Hearing disorders in children with fetal alcohol syndrome: findings from case
      reports.
AB  - Fourteen children with the fetal alcohol syndrome were evaluated by standard
      audiologic procedures. Thirteen of the 14 children had childhood histories of
      hearing disorders. All 13 of these children (93%) had clinically significant
      histories of bilateral recurrent serous otitis media (ie, they were otitis
      prone), and at least four children (29%) had bilateral sensorineural hearing
      losses in addition to being otitis prone. Many of the children with recurrent
      serous otitis media required repeated myringotomies with placement of ventilation
      tubes, and those with sensorineural hearing losses required sound amplification
      during childhood. Recurrent respiratory infections (secondary to immune
      deficiencies) and eustachian tube dysfunction (secondary to embryonic
      malformations of the first and second branchial arches) are discussed as possible
      etiologic factors in the presence of the recurrent serous otitis media. An
      alcohol-induced neuroectoderm syndrome and alcohol ototoxicity are discussed as
      possible etiologic factors in the occurrence of sensorineural hearing loss. The
      findings suggest that hearing disorders are a heretofore unrecognized
      characteristic of the fetal alcohol syndrome. Such hearing disorders may
      contribute to the speech and language and learning difficulties seen in children
      with fetal alcohol syndrome. The present study also provided confirmatory
      evidence of visual, health, and speech and language disorders in children with
      this syndrome.

PMID- 3399289
TI  - Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation selection criteria: partial pressure of
      arterial oxygen versus alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient.
AB  - Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has dramatically increased the
      survival rate of hypoxemic neonates who are unresponsive to maximum conventional
      medical therapy. Because ECMO involves multiple risks, including ligation of the
      right common carotid artery and right internal jugular vein, ECMO candidates
      should be neurologically intact neonates with a high probability of death despite
      maximum conventional ventilatory support. Currently, criteria based on the
      calculated alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient (A-aDO2) have replaced the neonatal
      pulmonary insufficiency index for predicting mortality and, thus, ECMO
      eligibility. A retrospective review of death prediction for the 26 months prior
      to the initiation of an ECMO program revealed a sensitivity of 67% and a
      specificity of 96% using the criterion of a PaO2 of less than 50 mm Hg for four
      hours. An equivalent A-aDO2 criterion of greater than or equal to 630 for four
      hours produced a sensitivity of 61% and a specificity of 96%. Prediction of
      mortality in neonates with sepsis was poor regardless of the criteria used.
      Excluding the deaths due to sepsis increased the sensitivity to 86% and 79% using
      criteria based on PaO2 and A-aDO2, respectively. It is concluded that the use of
      criteria based on PaO2 is equivalent to criteria based on A-aDO2 for predicting
      mortality. Criteria based on PaO2 may, however, decrease both the false-negative
      rate (patients with an elevated PCO2) and the false-positive rate (patients with
      intentionally induced hypocarbia secondary to hyperventilation alkalosis).

PMID- 3399288
TI  - Right-sided brain lesions in infants following extracorporeal membrane
      oxygenation.
AB  - In retrospective review of survivors of neonatal extracorporeal membrane
      oxygenation, eight patients with varying degrees of right hemispheric brain
      injury were identified. The extent of preextracorporeal membrane oxygenation
      hypoxia and ischemia was documented: five of eight patients had arterial PO2
      values of less than 40 mm Hg, seven of eight required dopamine for blood pressure
      support, and five of eight required cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Two patients
      had proven neurologic abnormalities before extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.
      Postextracorporeal membrane oxygenation CT brain scans showed right hemispheric
      focal abnormalities in three patients. Seven infants had neuromotor abnormalities
      which were lateralizing in nature; all were left sided, suggesting right-sided
      brain injury. EEGs showed an increased incidence of slowing and attenuation over
      the right hemisphere. These findings indicate that right-sided brain
      abnormalities exist after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and that carotid
      artery ligation for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is not without risk.

PMID- 3399290
TI  - Mental development and growth in children with chronic liver disease of early and
      late onset.
AB  - Comparison was made of the mental function and physical growth of 21 children in
      whom liver disease occurred in the first year of life with 15 patients with late
      (17 months of age to 12 years of age) manifestation of liver disease. Ages (mean
      +/- SD) at testing for the two groups was 8 +/- 3 years for the early group and
      11 +/- 5 years for the late group. Wechsler verbal, performance, and full-scale
      IQ scores were lower for the early group (range of mean scores: early, 85 to 86 v
      late, 96 to 103). Growth measures were significantly different in the two groups.
      Means +/- SD (percentage of standard) were: length for early group, 92 +/- 9; for
      late, 99 +/- 7; and head circumference for early, 98 +/- 4; for late, 101 +/- 2.
      The groups were similar in severity of liver disease and acute nutritional
      status, however. Patients with intellectual impairment had a longer duration of
      illness, poor nutritional status, and vitamin E deficiency; 82% of impaired
      patients were in the early group. The data suggest that liver disease during
      early life has pernicious effects on intellectual function and linear growth.
      Careful monitoring of nutritional status of children with early-onset liver
      disease and aggressive nutritional support beginning at the time of diagnosis may
      help reduce delays in growth and mental development.

PMID- 3399291
TI  - Oxygen-induced retinopathy in newborn rats: effects of prolonged normobaric and
      hyperbaric oxygen supplementation.
AB  - An experimental study was conducted to verify the effects of prolonged normobaric
      and hyperbaric oxygen supplementation on retinal vessels in newborn animals. Nine
      litters of newborn Wistar rats were used in the following way. Two litters were
      used as controls. Two other litters received normobaric oxygen supplementation
      (FiO2 80%) for five days after birth. These rats were then removed and kept for
      five more days in room air. Retinopathy with marked peripheral retinal
      neovascularization was seen in these litters. Three other litters were exposed to
      the same treatment for ten days after birth, removed from oxygen, and kept for 15
      more days in room air. Severe retinopathy with extraretinal proliferation and, in
      some cases, retinal detachment developed in these animals. Two other litters
      received hyperbaric (1.80 atm) oxygen supplementation (FiO2 80%) for ten days
      after birth and were then kept for 15 days in normobaric room air. These animals
      showed no evidence of peripheral retinopathy. It is possible that moderate
      hyperbarism exerts, in the newborn rat, a protective action against the toxic
      effects of oxygen supplementation on immature retinal vessels.

PMID- 3399292
TI  - Respiratory syncytial virus infection in children with bronchopulmonary
      dysplasia.
AB  - Little is known about the risk of severe illness from respiratory syncytial virus
      infection in children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. A prospective study was
      done of the natural history of respiratory syncytial virus infection in 30
      children less than 2 years of age with bronchopulmonary dysplasia who were in a
      home oxygen program. Surveillance to identify children with acute respiratory
      symptoms was done by weekly telephone interview. Symptomatic children were
      examined, oxygen saturation was determined by oximetry, and nasopharyngeal lavage
      fluid was collected for virus cultures and rapid respiratory syncytial virus
      antigen tests. During the 4-month study period (December to April), 27 children
      had one or more acute respiratory illnesses, and respiratory syncytial virus
      developed in 16/27 (59%). Passive smoking and greater than or equal to four
      members in the home increased the risk of symptomatic respiratory syncytial virus
      (P less than .01 and P less than .03, respectively). Of 16 children, 11 (69%)
      required hospitalization. Of the 11 hospitalized children with respiratory
      syncytial virus, nine were either still receiving oxygen at home or required
      oxygen therapy within the previous 3 months v none of five nonhospitalized
      children (P less than .005). Five of the hospitalized children were greater than
      12 months of age and five had respiratory syncytial virus infection previously
      that had been confirmed by culture results. Hospitalizations were prolonged and
      complicated. Seven of 11 children were hospitalized for greater than 1 week; four
      were admitted to the intensive care unit; four were treated with ribavirin
      aerosol, and two needed mechanical ventilation. There were no deaths.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3399293
TI  - Reading disability with motor problems may be an inherited subtype.
AB  - There is evidence from a number of studies that various forms of reading
      disability are inherited. The familial patterns of one specific type of reading
      disability that occurs together with impaired coordination and balance were
      evaluated. Ten reading-disabled children with these motor problems, ten children
      with only reading problems, and ten control children without reading disabilities
      were examined along with their siblings and parents. The control children were
      matched to the reading-disabled children for age, sex, and family socioeconomic
      status. A high prevalence of reading and motor problems was found in the
      relatives of the children with reading disability and motor problems, whereas a
      high prevalence of only reading problems was found in the relatives of the
      children with only reading disability. There were no differences among the three
      groups of children or their siblings on number of pregnancy and birth
      complications or prevalence of attention deficit disorder. It was concluded that
      reading disability with motor problems may be an inherited type of reading
      disability, distinct from reading disability without motor problems, which is
      also inherited.

PMID- 3399294
TI  - Systemic candidiasis: cutaneous manifestations in low birth weight infants.
AB  - The cutaneous manifestations of 18 infants treated for systemic candidiasis
      during a 3 3/4-year period were examined. Eight infants, with a mean birth weight
      of 712 +/- 161 g, had a diffuse burn-like dermatitis, usually within the first
      three days of life. Candida pseudohyphae were identifiable on skin scrapings. A
      history of a maternal cerclage or intrauterine device complicated by
      chorioamnionitis was common. A delay in diagnosis or therapy resulted in
      mortality, whereas promptly treated infants survived. Nine additional infants had
      monilial diaper rashes, which spread to the trunk and extremities in four
      infants. These infants were older at the onset of the dermatitis, and all
      survived the systemic infection. Systemic candidiasis without any cutaneous
      involvement developed in only one infant. Candidiasis should be more frequently
      considered, and prompt systemic therapy should be instituted when cutaneous
      candidiasis occurs within the first few days of life in infants who weigh less
      than 1,500 g.

PMID- 3399295
TI  - Hematuria and clinical findings as indications for intravenous pyelography in
      pediatric blunt renal trauma.
AB  - The essential aids in the evaluation of suspected blunt urinary tract injury are
      urinalysis and IVP. In 78 consecutive children who had IVPs because of trauma
      from January 1982 to March 1986, the following were evaluated: (1) the yield of
      IVP; (2) the correlations between IVP and hematuria, mechanism of injury, and
      associated clinical findings; and (3) the effect of IVP on patient management. Of
      the 26 children (33%) with abnormal IVP findings, 13 had congenital urinary tract
      anomalies only and 13 had urinary tract injuries (eight renal contusions, four
      renal lacerations with extravasation, and one bladder rupture). The number of
      RBCs per high-power field correlated with IVP evidence of injury (P less than
      .05). If only those patients with greater than or equal to 20 RBCs per high-power
      field had received IVPs, 42% of IVPs would have been avoided and no injuries or
      surgically correctable anomalies would have been overlooked. Urinary tract injury
      occurred significantly more often in patients with extremity fractures (P less
      than .05) and pelvic fractures (P less than .05). Mechanism of injury, admission
      to the hospital, and flank tenderness or hematoma were not associated with IVP
      evidence of trauma (P greater than .05), however. In four patients with trauma,
      results of IVP led to lengthened hospitalization or further diagnostic studies
      but did not result in surgery. Two patients in whom ureteropelvic junction
      obstruction was discovered incidentally had delayed corrective surgery.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3399296
TI  - Live virus vaccines in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children: a
      retrospective survey.
AB  - Live virus vaccines can cause serious adverse reactions when administered to
      immunocompromised patients. Because children infected with human immunodeficiency
      virus (HIV) may be immunosuppressed, immunization of these children with live
      virus vaccines is a potential problem. A retrospective survey was conducted by
      the New York City Department of Health, with consultation from the Centers for
      Disease Control, to evaluate the frequency of serious adverse events following
      receipt of live vaccines among children with HIV infection receiving pediatric
      care in New York City and New Jersey. Outpatient records of 319 children being
      cared for by 16 participating physicians were reviewed. Of the 319 charts, 221
      (69%) contained vaccination histories. Perinatal transmission of HIV infection
      was suspected for 208 (94%) of the 221 cases and infection via transfusion for
      the remaining 13 (6%). Of the 221 for whom immunization histories were available,
      180 (81%) had received at least one dose of live oral polio vaccine and 70 (32%)
      had received measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine. There were 120 children for
      whom a temporal relationship between immunization and onset of symptoms of
      immunodeficiency could be seen; 46/120 had received at least one dose of oral
      polio vaccine and 23/45 had received measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine after
      onset of symptoms. Although follow-up of this population has been limited, there
      were no reports of serious adverse events such as typical or atypical measles,
      paralytic poliomyelitis, or aseptic meningitis in the month following
      vaccination.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3399297
TI  - Neonatal Staphylococcus epidermidis right-sided endocarditis: description of five
      catheterized infants.
AB  - Coagulase-negative staphylococci are important causes of bacteremia and focal
      infections in infants hospitalized in neonatal intensive care units. The medical
      records and echocardiograms of 58 newborns with persistent Staphylococcus
      epidermidis bacteremia who were hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit
      at The New York Hospital during the past 5 1/2 years were reviewed, and five
      infants were identified as having S epidermidis right-sided infective
      endocarditis. These episodes were associated with placement of umbilical venous
      catheters in the right atrium, slow resolution of bacteremia, and persistent
      thrombocytopenia. This experience suggests the role of endocardial trauma
      resulting from the placement of umbilical venous catheters in the pathogenesis of
      endocarditis. The increasing importance of coagulase-negative staphylococci as a
      cause of bacteremia in the newborn may explain the emergence of S epidermidis as
      an important cause of infective endocarditis in the neonatal intensive care unit.
      These cases underscore the potential severity of S epidermidis infection in the
      premature newborn.

PMID- 3399298
TI  - Should anencephalic infants be used as organ donors?

PMID- 3399299
TI  - Resident stress.

PMID- 3399300
TI  - National Childhood Vaccine Injury Compensation Act.

PMID- 3399301
TI  - Adolescent medicine: growth of a discipline.

PMID- 3399302
TI  - Twenty-fifth anniversary of the National Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Foundation.

PMID- 3399303
TI  - Neonatal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

PMID- 3399304
TI  - American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on School Health: Acquired
      immunodeficiency syndrome education in schools.

PMID- 3399306
TI  - Physician reimbursement.

PMID- 3399305
TI  - Asthma.

PMID- 3399307
TI  - Ribavirin use questioned.

PMID- 3399308
TI  - Barbiturate anticonvulsants as a cause of severe depression.

PMID- 3399309
TI  - Physical examination for brain injury.

PMID- 3399310
TI  - Renal calcification.

PMID- 3399311
TI  - Lingual vibrotactile screening: an investigation of normal sensitivity based on
      multiple threshold determinations.
AB  - This report describes a standardized training and sensory screening procedure
      which was used to obtain 7 separate lingual vibrotactile thresholds for each of 5
      normal subjects during a 30-day interval. Baseline observations of lingual
      sensitivity were highly consistent and occurred within a narrow range of
      contractor displacements. The authors conclude that the screening method provides
      a quick and reliable clinical tool for general diagnostic use and discuss
      directions for continued research applications.

PMID- 3399312
TI  - Guidelines for measuring reaction time.
AB  - Although reaction time is one of the most common measures of neurological
      function, protocols often do not take into consideration many of the extraneous
      factors that may invalidate such assessments. This paper discusses several issues
      related to matters of instrumentation, subject control, design of assessment, and
      interpretation. Twenty recommendations are provided as a guideline for those who
      assess reaction time of clients or patients. While these suggestions are not
      proposed as definitive or complete, the points should serve as a guide to young
      researchers as well as a checklist for more seasoned experimenters.

PMID- 3399313
TI  - Follow-up on the youngest REHABIT client: importance of caution.
AB  - The youngest subject (age 5) participating in the 1986 evaluation studies
      published in this Journal returned 25 mo. after finishing REHABIT training. This
      boy's test scores showed a significant decline in verbal ability. It was
      concluded that follow-up studies of REHABIT clients are necessary and that such
      clients should be cautioned that regression may occur.

PMID- 3399314
TI  - Haptic identification of letters using the left or right hand.
AB  - The present study investigated the effects of the use of the right and left hands
      on haptic identification of letters of the alphabet. Each of the 64 right-handed
      subjects was given three series of randomly ordered presentations of the 26
      letters of the alphabet. The subjects were asked to feel each letter and name
      correctly each letter as quickly but as accurately as possible. Analysis showed
      faster identification by those subjects using their left hands on Series 1 with
      no hand-differences appearing on Series 2 and 3. Significant over-all improvement
      in identification time occurred with practice. The results were interpreted in
      terms of a novelty hypothesis of right-hemisphere function and an explanation of
      perceptual learning of letter identification.

PMID- 3399315
TI  - Visual Elaboration Scale as a measure of imagery.
AB  - We studied the correlation of one measure of imagery ability, the Visual
      Elaboration Scale, with two others, absorption of image and effort required to
      form a mental image. Significant correlations were obtained between the Visual
      Elaboration Scale and the other scales, with the exception of Absorption for
      women.

PMID- 3399317
TI  - Human emotion communication by touch: a modified replication of an experiment by
      Manfred Clynes.
AB  - In 1973 Manfred Clynes wrote a paper about the biocybernetics of emotion
      communication in which he described an experiment which seemed to point to a
      universal metalanguage with which human beings communicate specific emotions by
      touch. In an attempt to confirm Clyne's findings by replicating his experiment, a
      flaw was discovered in the design of his apparatus for detecting tactile
      patterns, and the replication study was undertaken using an improved pressure
      detection instrument. Data from the replication study were analysed using various
      techniques but no correlations were found to confirm Clyne's original work.

PMID- 3399316
TI  - Effects of training and visual distance on speechreading performance.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of training on subjects'
      ability to speechread sentences at varying visual distances of 3-6 ft., 6-12 ft.,
      and 12-18 ft. 15 college women who received training obtained higher sentence
      speechreading scores than the 15 untrained women. The emphasis placed on
      kinesthetic feedback may have assisted the trained subjects' performance;
      however, distance up to 18 ft. did not appear to affect subjects' ability to
      speechread sentences, regardless of training.

PMID- 3399318
TI  - Psychophysiology of analysis of connotative decodification: the role of thermic
      and somesthetic systems in decodification of chromatic stimuli.
AB  - We hypothesized that in the decodification of connotative aspects of visual
      chromatic stimuli the periphery of the body plays an important role. In
      particular we hypothesized that the decodification process of so called "warm"
      and "cold" colours is related to a real modification of the temperature of the
      body which is the basis of the "subjective feeling" and of the attribution of the
      "emotional meaning" to the stimulus. So we have measured the temperature of the
      body of 36 female psychology students while they were looking at a luminous
      screen through spectacles in which filters (coloured lenses) of different colours
      were placed. Analysis indicated that during the perception of so called "warm"
      colours a statistically significant increase in the temperature of the body
      appeared. We observed an enhancement of temperature on the left side of the body
      during the perception with red and yellow filters and a small increase in
      temperature on the right side of the body with orange and yellow filters. In the
      discussion of the results we considered also the role of the cerebral dominance
      in decodification process of the connotative components of stimuli.

PMID- 3399319
TI  - Rotary pursuit performance as a function of sex, sex-role, and intertrial
      interval.
AB  - Rotary pursuit performance (time on target) and reminiscence data were collected
      for 113 androgynous and feminine men and women under massed or distributed
      practice conditions. On the final (eighth) block of practice men performed better
      than women under conditions of massed practice; while no sex differences were
      found under distributed practice conditions. Under distributed practice
      conditions androgynous women performed better than feminine women. In addition,
      men performed better over-all than women, and subjects in the distributed
      practice condition performed better than subjects in the massed practice
      condition. Reminiscence data indicated that under massed practice feminine women
      obtained larger scores than did feminine men and androgynous women. For women sex
      role as well as practice condition influenced performance and reminiscence.

PMID- 3399320
TI  - Born under a bad sign? Astrological sign and suicide ideation.
AB  - This study tests the thesis that the internalization of the traits associated
      with astrological signs affects suicide ideation. Data are from a national sample
      (N = 7,508). Only the most negativistic sign of Pisces was significantly
      associated with suicide ideation.

PMID- 3399321
TI  - Hypersomnia and the perception of sleep-wake states: some preliminary findings.
AB  - 35 hypersomniacs (20 with obstructive sleep apnea and 15 with narcolepsy) and 15
      controls estimated sleep latency during systematic trials of attempting to remain
      awake during the day. The error in subjective assessment of sleep latency was
      more variable for both patient groups than for controls. In addition,
      narcoleptics could not provide a determination of sleep latency or differentiate
      sleep-wake states on nearly 23% of all trials. Ratings on a subjective sleepiness
      scale did not covary with objective sleep latency for any hypersomniac. The
      findings suggested that patients with either sleep apnea or narcolepsy had
      difficulty differentiating sleep and quiet wakefulness during the day.

PMID- 3399323
TI  - A preliminary report of oral tactile sensation and responses to delayed auditory
      feedback.
AB  - Individual speakers vary widely in their reactions to delayed auditory feedback.
      In this pilot investigation, 21 adults with normal speech and hearing completed
      standardized readings under simultaneous and 200-msec. delayed auditory feedback.
      Minimally and maximally affected speakers were identified. Vibrotactile
      thresholds were obtained from the tongue and thenar eminence of the right hand
      for a group of five minimally and a group of five maximally affected speakers.
      Analysis showed that vibrotactile thresholds were lower (more sensitive) at both
      assessment sites for the group of maximally affected speakers. This finding is
      discussed in relation to the possible implications of heightened tactile
      sensitivity in the control of speech under delayed auditory feedback.

PMID- 3399322
TI  - Exposure effects on the psychophysical scaling methods of magnitude estimation
      and cross-modal matching for vibrotactile stimulation of the tongue and hand.
AB  - The purpose of the present study was to investigate possible effects of exposure
      upon psychophysical scaling responses when vibrotactile magnitude estimation and
      cross-modal matching are conducted within the same experiment. Four groups of 10
      subjects each, with an over-all age range of 18-23 yr., were employed. Groups 1
      and 2 performed magnitude estimation for lingual vibrotaction and cross-modal
      matching with the lingual vibrotactile stimulus as the standard. Group 1 received
      the magnitude-estimation task first and Group 2 received the cross-modal-matching
      task first. Groups 3 and 4 performed magnitude estimation for vibrotaction
      applied to the thenar eminence of the hand and cross-modal matching with the
      vibrotactile stimulus applied to the thenar eminence of the hand as the standard.
      Group 3 received the magnitude-estimation task first and Group 4 received the
      cross-modal-matching task first. The psychophysical scaling methods of magnitude
      estimation and cross-modal matching showed very little exposure effect of one
      upon the other when used in the same experiment. Also, magnitude scaling
      responses tended to increase more rapidly with increases in vibrotactile stimulus
      intensity when the test site was the thenar eminence of the hand as opposed to
      the dorsum of the tongue.

PMID- 3399324
TI  - Obesity and job discrimination: mediation via personality stereotypes?

PMID- 3399325
TI  - The need to supplement clinical with experimental-normal studies of hemispheric
      asymmetry.
AB  - It is argued that in spite of the methodological and interpretive problems with
      them, experiments on laterality in normal subjects must continue in view of other
      problems with direct neuroclinical investigations. A variety of such problems are
      listed, ranging from the relative paucity of the potential subject population to
      the difficulty in inferring normal function from damaged brains. The main
      justification for such studies must be the possible amelioration of the lot of
      brain-damaged patients and improvement of their treatment rather than scientific
      curiosity.

PMID- 3399326
TI  - Purdue Pegboard: test-retest estimates.
AB  - 26 normal, self-reported dextral subjects (12 men, 14 women) were assessed with a
      Purdue Pegboard 5 times at weekly intervals to evaluate temporal stability and
      efficacy of lateralization with this test. There was a statistically significant
      increase in performance over time for men on the right- and left-hand placing
      subtests and for women on the assemblies subtest. For men/women the test-retest
      reliability over the 5 sessions averaged .63/.76 for the right-hand, .64/.79 for
      the left-hand, .67/.81 for both-hands, .81/.83 for assemblies, and .33/.22 for
      the right/left-hand ratio.

PMID- 3399327
TI  - Effect of practice procedure on skill acquisition.
AB  - 49 children in Grade 1 in an isolated community were assessed on their form and
      skill in making a basket for a one-step basketball lay-up following practice
      using a pseudoshaping, specific, or schema procedure. Analysis gave a significant
      form effect but no difference in success of making baskets.

PMID- 3399328
TI  - Sequence of preparatory set for response movement.
AB  - Electromyographic reaction times (EMG-RTs) of the right biceps brachii muscle
      were examined for two movement patterns, elbow flexion and forearm supination, in
      8 healthy male subjects under simple and complex RT conditions with varied
      preparatory intervals (PIs): 0, 200, 400, 600, and 800 msec. In the simple RT
      condition, the subject was informed of the movement patterns to be performed
      prior to beginning the trials. In the complex RT condition the subject had to
      choose one of the two movement patterns at the time of the presentation of a
      warning signal. The results indicated that: (1) compared with the simple RT
      condition a delay of about 100 msec. in over-all mean EMG-RT was observed at PI =
      0 msec. in the complex RT condition; (2) the difference of over-all mean EMG-RT
      between the two RT conditions disappeared when PI = 400 msec.; and (3) the
      difference in EMG-RTs between flexion and supination in the complex RT condition
      became the same as that in the simple RT condition when PI = 700 msec. It is
      assumed that the preparatory set for response movements is organized in an order,
      resulting in the differentiation of RT.

PMID- 3399329
TI  - The interaction of individual psychological crisis and time phases in basketball.
AB  - Strain in basketball competition can be structured temporally into three
      psychologically meaningful phases: a beginning, main, and endphase of each half
      time. The relevance of these phases for the diagnosis of an individual
      psychological crisis during the competition is discussed. Empirical evidence is
      based on the results of a study conducted on 28 basketball experts, who were
      asked to assess the components of the Bayesian likelihood ratio (diagnosticity)
      for each phase, thereby evaluating the crisis-relevance of that phase. Analysis
      of variance shows the significant influences of the hypothesized crisis-noncrisis
      character, half-time (first-second) and phase (beginning, main, end) on the
      (considerable) diagnostic relevance of the time-phases. The authors briefly
      discuss the meaning of the present results.

PMID- 3399330
TI  - Are monocular arrays discriminable from binocular arrays?
AB  - On each trial of this experiment, a subject was visually stimulated by one or two
      shadows on a translucent background in a Telebinocular. For each subject, there
      were 40 trials of monocular stimulation by one shadow, 40 trials of monocular
      stimulation by two shadows (one in each hemifield), and 40 trials of binocular
      stimulation by two shadows (one in the left hemifield of one eye and another in
      the right hemifield of the other eye). Across these randomly ordered trials, 52
      subjects were unable to discriminate two right-eye shadows from two left-eye
      shadows and were unable to discriminate two monocularly perceived shadows from
      two binocularly perceived shadows. Generally, subjects tended to misidentify
      right-hemifield shadows as right-eye shadows and tended to misidentify two
      hemifield shadows as two-eye shadows.

PMID- 3399331
TI  - Effect of bandwidth knowledge of results on movement consistency.
AB  - The effect of "bandwidth" knowledge of results (KR), given only if the subject's
      response is outside of a certain movement-time bandwidth, on learning and
      performance of a rapid elbow-flexion movement was examined. Subjects were
      randomly assigned to one of three feedback groups, a 5% bandwidth group (BW5), a
      10% bandwidth group (BW10), or a control group (KR), who received knowledge of
      results on every trial. Subjects moved a light, horizontal, aluminum lever
      through 60 degrees in 200 msec., for 100 acquisition trials with KR given
      depending on group and 25 transfer trials without KR (transfer phase). Although
      the subjects in the BW10 group received knowledge of results fewer times during
      acquisition, they showed less within-subject variability than the BW5 and KR
      groups on the transfer test which suggests that giving KR about a relatively
      large bandwidth enhances movement consistency.

PMID- 3399332
TI  - Predictors of personal investment in physical activity among middle-aged and
      older adults.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the social
      psychological components of Personal Investment Theory and exercise behaviors
      among 47 middle-aged and older men and women participating in an organized
      exercise program. Specifically, the degree to which personal incentives for
      exercise, perceptions of sense of self (i.e., physical self-efficacy, fitness
      locus of control, self-motivation, social identity), and the congruence between
      program and participants' goals predict present physical activity and estimated
      future physical activity was examined. Multiple regression analyses indicated
      that present and future exercise behaviors significantly related to social
      psychological variables reflecting personal investment.

PMID- 3399333
TI  - Sex differences in fear of the consequences of death.

PMID- 3399334
TI  - Escape nightmares and postescape stressful events.
AB  - Correlation matrix based on questionnaire item responses by 38 Czechoslovak
      refugees suggested that "escape nightmares" (recurrent nightmares about being
      back in the exhomeland, wanting to or trying to re-escape to the free world) are
      unrelated to postescape incidence of various stressful events (e.g., illness, job
      difficulties, financial problems). However, refugees who reported a greater
      number of the stressful events also reported a somewhat higher incidence of
      nightmares on themes other than escape from homeland (r = .34).

PMID- 3399335
TI  - Fixation accuracy and perceptual asymmetry for consonants.
AB  - Fixation accuracy was related to perception of laterally presented consonants.
      Small left-eye fixation inaccuracy influenced perceptual performance of 8 men and
      8 women.

PMID- 3399337
TI  - Effect of method of suicide on perception of the suicidal person.

PMID- 3399336
TI  - Ultradian cyclicity in auditory and visual reaction time during long performance.
AB  - 24 subjects were tested to check the hypothesis proposed by Kleitman about a
      "basic rest-activity cycle". Reaction time tasks were delivered at 10-min.
      intervals for 320 min. Spectral density function analyses showed no significant
      periods within the limits of the cycle. Discussion concerns fulfilling
      assumptions of spectral analysis and Fisher's test.

PMID- 3399338
TI  - Further learning effects of knowledge of results upon time estimation.
AB  - College students of both sexes served as their own controls to test four
      hypotheses in each of three experiments designed to assess effects of knowledge
      of results (KR) as verbal information correct to the nearest .01 sec. on time
      estimations. Analysis indicated that (1) KR significantly increased the mean
      accuracy of time estimations obtained by the methods of production and estimation
      but not by the method of reproduction, (2) that KR significantly decreased the
      variance of the time estimations in all three experiments, (3) that in all three
      experiments after KR underestimators significantly increased their mean time
      estimates whereas overestimators significantly decreased their mean time
      estimations, and (4) that no significant sex differences were present. Notions of
      excitation and inhibition as intervening variables and of the Pavlovian first-
      and second-signalling systems were employed in tentative explanations.

PMID- 3399339
TI  - A repetitive reasoning task based on simple spatial relations.
AB  - This note describes a task that requires simple reasoning and can be used, e.g.,
      in research on noise. The task includes a series of items of approximately equal
      difficulty. Each item consists of five geometric figures and a sentence that
      claims to describe spatial relations between the figures. The subject must decide
      whether the description is true. The task is short (3 1/2 min.) but can be
      extended at will.

PMID- 3399340
TI  - Physiological and psychological responses to exercise with an induced attentional
      focus.
AB  - In this study techniques were employed to induce exercising subjects to focus
      attention on themselves or on an external event. A total of 20 adult subjects (10
      men and 10 women) were familiarized with a treadmill exercise protocol and then
      on two subsequent occasions performed submaximal exercise followed by a run to
      exhaustion under attentional conditions of self-focus (watching themselves in a
      mirror while listening to their breathing) and external focus (watching and
      listening to a movie). The order of focus conditions was counterbalanced among
      subjects. Analysis of postexperimental responses from subjects indicated that the
      procedures used to induce each type of attentional focus were successful.
      However, physiological and psychological responses in the two focus conditions
      were not always uniform for men and women, particularly during light work when
      men tended to have higher heart rates and significantly lower Rated Perceived
      Exertion while women had lower heart rates and higher Rated Perceived Exertion
      under self-focused conditions than under externally focused conditions. Possible
      explanations for the incongruence of physiological and psychological responses of
      men and women to the two types of attentional focus are discussed.

PMID- 3399341
TI  - Comparison of K-ABC performance between at-risk and normal preschool children.
AB  - This study examined differences in K-ABC performance between at-risk (n = 44) and
      normal (n = 49) preschool children. For the group at-risk, all of the mean global
      scores on the K-ABC clustered around a standard score of approximately 90. The
      normal group's mean scores were 15 to 21 standard-score points higher and
      clustered near 110. The results of t tests for independent samples indicated that
      the normal group's scores on both the global scales and K-ABC subtests were
      significantly higher than the at-risk group's scores in nearly every instance.
      Correlations among scores were consistent with previous findings for preschoolers
      on the K-ABC. For the normal group, correlations obtained among the global scales
      were nearly identical to those reported for the standardization sample. For the
      at-risk group, however, the correlation of .75 between Sequential processing and
      Achievement was higher than that (.58) between Simultaneous processing and
      Achievement.

PMID- 3399342
TI  - Saltation as a rotation of space-time axes.
AB  - Given two taps on the skin at the same position and a third tap some distance
      away, an observer reports the second tap as occurring at a position between the
      first and third taps. This is the saltation phenomenon, and as presented in this
      theoretical note, it is a phenomenon which is easily accommodated by a
      theoretical rotation of space-time axes.

PMID- 3399343
TI  - Personality characteristics of individuals with chronic rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - MMPI profiles of 22 chronic arthritic patients were compared to 22 control pain
      (nonorganic) patients. While elevations were noted in the HS, D, and Hy scales
      for the rheumatoid patients, the over-all profiles differed from controls on the
      PA scale.

PMID- 3399344
TI  - Auditory psychophysical scaling exposure effects: magnitude estimation and cross
      modal matching.
AB  - The purpose of the present study was to investigate possible effects of exposure
      upon suprathreshold psychological responses when auditory magnitude estimation
      and cross-modal matching with audition as the standard are conducted within the
      same experiment. Four groups of 10 subjects each whose over-all age range was 18
      to 23 yr. were employed. During the cross-modal matching task the Groups 1 and 2
      subjects adjusted a vibrotactile stimulus presented to the dorsal surface of the
      tongue and the Groups 3 and 4 subjects adjusted a vibrotactile stimulus presented
      to the thenar eminence of the right hand to match binaurally presented auditory
      stimuli. The magnitude-estimation task was conducted before the cross-modal
      matching task for Groups 1 and 3 and the cross-modal matching task was conducted
      before the magnitude-estimation task for Groups 2 and 4. The psychophysical
      methods of magnitude estimation and cross-modal matching showed no effect of one
      upon the other when used in the same experiment.

PMID- 3399345
TI  - The role of spectacles in facial memory: a replication and extension.
AB  - A total of 187 subjects in three conditions involving 1- or 3-sec. exposure times
      and 10-min. or 7-day delays were shown 20 photographs of faces, half of which
      were bespectacled, and then tested from a set of 40 consisting of the original 20
      mixed up with 20 new ones, half of which were also bespectacled. Accuracy of
      recognition declined with shorter exposure and longer delay and was lower for
      faces with than without spectacles at the shorter delay. In all three conditions,
      there were more false-alarms for faces with than without glasses. It is concluded
      that eyeglasses did not serve as an efficient discriminating feature in
      recognition memory, and it is recommended that positive eyewitness identification
      of people wearing spectacles be treated with particular caution.

PMID- 3399346
TI  - A factor analysis of the Kirton Adaption-Innovation Inventory using an alcoholic
      population.
AB  - The present study reports a factor analysis of the Kirton Adaption-Innovation
      Inventory using 103 alcoholic men. Kirton in 1976 and we in an unpublished work
      in 1986 noted identical factor structures when responses from nonalcoholic
      populations to the inventory were factor analyzed. Recent reviews regarding
      personality characteristics of alcoholics suggest characteristics similar to the
      adaption-innovation concepts of Kirton. This factor analysis for an alcoholic
      sample supports the validity of the inventory as a measure of problem-solving
      style of alcoholics.

PMID- 3399347
TI  - Comparison of reading and listening-reading techniques for administration of PIAT
      Reading Comprehension subtest: justification for the bypass approach.
AB  - The Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT) Reading Comprehension subtest was
      administered to a group of 23 learning disabled children in Grades 5 through 7
      who had been classified by the clinical Lexical Paradigm as good readers or poor
      readers. Using standardized test administration, 14 poor readers scored
      substantially below the 9 good readers; however, when the child was allowed to
      listen and read silently while the test item was read aloud, poor readers showed
      marked improvement in performance compared to only moderate improvement shown by
      the good readers. This difference in improvement between the groups was
      significant and resulted in poor readers achieving performance similar to that of
      the good readers administered the test in the standard manner.

PMID- 3399348
TI  - Effects of eye color on frisbee toss.
AB  - Light-eyed individuals generally perform better at self-paced activities while
      dark-eyed individuals perform better at reactive activities. Using multiple
      regression it was found that dark-eyed students hit a target with a frisbee more
      times than did light-eyed students.

PMID- 3399349
TI  - Magnitude estimation and sensory matching.

PMID- 3399350
TI  - Some proprioceptive influences on the spatial displacement component of the
      oculogyral illusion.

PMID- 3399351
TI  - The veridical perception of object temperature with varying skin temperature.

PMID- 3399352
TI  - The relative accessibility of phonemes and syllables.

PMID- 3399353
TI  - A method to assess the relative contribution of lateral inhibition to the
      magnitude of visual-geometric illusions.

PMID- 3399354
TI  - The perception of visual motion during movements of the eyes and of the head.

PMID- 3399355
TI  - Interactions between real and subjective contours in the Bourdon illusion.

PMID- 3399356
TI  - Feature sensitivity, bias, and interdependencies as a function of energy and
      payoffs.

PMID- 3399357
TI  - Effect of pixel width, display width, and number of alternative signal locations
      on the detection of a simple vertical-line signal in visual noise.

PMID- 3399358
TI  - Priming effects and the Deutsch scale illusion: comments on "The effects of
      familiarity and previous training on perception of an ambiguous musical figure,"
      by Davidson, Power, and Michie.

PMID- 3399359
TI  - The combination of spatial frequency and orientation is effortlessly perceived.

PMID- 3399360
TI  - Modeling the redundant signals effect by specifying the hazard function.

PMID- 3399361
TI  - Redundant-target detection and processing capacity: the problem of positional
      preferences.

PMID- 3399362
TI  - Procaine effects on sodium and chloride transport in frog skin.
AB  - Procaine, a tertiary amine, has previously been shown to stimulate reversibly
      transepithelial Na transport across frog skin after application from the
      epithelial side. In the present study with intracellular recording from
      principal, i.e. amiloride-sensitive cells, we demonstrate that the stimulation
      results from increase in apical membrane Na permeability. A second effect of
      procaine (10-25 mmol/l) in the outside perfusion solution is a reversible
      increase of transepithelial conductance which drastically exceeds the predicted
      response of the transcellular Na pathway. It requires presence of chloride on the
      epithelial side and depends on the non-ionized molecule of procaine. Abolition of
      apical membrane Na uptake by amiloride or Na-free mucosal incubation decreases
      the magnitude but does not prevent the stimulatory effect of procaine. The origin
      of this gain in conductance from stimulation of a Cl-specific pathway is
      demonstrated by a highly significant correlation between the increases in
      electrically determined tissue conductance and partial Cl conductance, obtained
      from measurements of influx and efflux of Cl-36. Measurements with
      microelectrodes indicate that the stimulated Cl-specific pathway is distinct from
      the principal cells. Since procaine activates a conductive pathway with similar
      response pattern as spontaneously existing Cl conductance, it might be a valuable
      tool for investigating mode and way of Cl movement across epithelial tissues.

PMID- 3399363
TI  - Fatigue of three skeletal muscles in domestic and wild pigs. A comparative study
      in situ.
AB  - The semitendinosus, the gastrocnemius and the soleus muscle were stimulated in
      situ in young, female domestic pigs (Sus scrofa domestica, German Landrace) and
      in European wild pigs (Sus scrofa scrofa), by supramaximal impulses via the
      sciatic nerve. Fatigue indices of the whole muscles were registered during a
      continuous supramaximal stimulation with square wave impulses (0.3 ms) that were
      given for 10 s with a frequency of 100 Hz. In domestic pigs, fatigue indices of
      all three muscles were significantly (p less than 0.001) lower than in wild pigs.
      The extremely rapid fatigue of domestic pig muscles was remarkably different from
      that measured in wild pigs, comparing either pigs of nearly the same body weight
      (FI: 22.7/58.6 for the semitendinosus muscle; 28.5/63.7 for the gastrocnemius
      muscle; 37.7/81.2 for the soleus muscle), or pigs of nearly the same age (FI:
      23.1/58.8 for the semitendinosus muscle; 25.9/65.1 for the gastrocnemius muscle;
      33.6/81.4 for the soleus muscle). Doses of anaesthetics needed for appropriate
      general anaesthesia of young wild pigs were two to three times higher than doses
      used for domestic pigs. Differences in fiber type composition of the muscles, and
      alterations in signal transmission characteristics at neuromuscular junctions are
      discussed as to be associated with the extremely low fatigue resistance of the
      domestic pig muscles.

PMID- 3399364
TI  - Fate of the catecholamine stores in the rabbit carotid body superfused in vitro.
AB  - In rabbit carotid bodies (CBs) superfused during 1-5 h, with an air-equilibrated
      medium containing no tyrosine (TYR), the dopamine (DA) content decreased by
      approximately 60% after 1 h and remained constant afterwards. TYR and 3,4
      dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) decreased with the same time course.
      Noradrenaline (NA) content exhibited a biphasic decrease of lesser magnitude than
      that of DA. Superfusions with a TYR-containing medium did not prevent the
      reduction in DA and TYR. Large amounts of DA and DOPAC were recovered in the
      effluent during the first hour of superfusion but after 90 min the two substances
      had declined below the detection limits (i.e. 0.5 and 1 pmol/5 min,
      respectively). The DA efflux decreased exponentially during the first hour and
      was not altered by changing the oxygen partial pressure (PO2) of the medium. The
      DOPAC efflux declined after 40 min of superfusion and was modulated by PO2. The
      DA and the DOPAC effluxes were not suppressed by omitting calcium ions from the
      superfusing medium. In 4 cat CBs equal amounts of DA and NA were recovered from
      the effluent during the first hour of superfusion.

PMID- 3399365
TI  - Natural cooling of the brain during outdoor bicycling?
AB  - Tympanic membrane temperature (Ttymp) and deep esophageal temperature (Tes) were
      measured in 8 subjects during normal outdoor bicycling. Metabolic rate (VO2) was
      determined by the Douglas bag method. Heart rate was sampled continuously. Skin
      surface temperatures were measured at the forehead, chest and shoulder, and core
      temperatures in the deep esophagus and at the tympanic membrane using a radio
      telemetry system. For each outdoor experiment an indoor experiment in a climatic
      chamber, adjusted to the same air temperature but in still air, was performed.
      The subjects exercised at the same VO2 as in the outdoor trial on a stationary
      bicycle ergometer. Measurements were taken with the same equipment as in the
      outdoor experiments. O2-consumption (l.min-1) and heart rates (beats.min-1) were
      similar during outdoor and indoor bicycling, averaging 2.38 +/- 0.018 (SE) and
      2.26 +/- 0.07, 141 +/- 7 and 147 +/- 8, respectively. During steady state Tes was
      the same during outdoor and indoor bicycling (37.95 degrees C), while Ttymp was
      significantly lower during outdoor bicycling. delta (Tes-Ttymp) was 1.25 degrees
      C during outdoor and 0.5 degrees C during indoor exercise. It is concluded that,
      if tympanic temperature is lowered by counter-current cooling of its arterial
      supply, then cooling of the brain may also take place in humans during physical
      activity under normal outdoor conditions with convective air movements. But the
      magnitude of a possible brain cooling cannot be deduced from the fall in tympanic
      temperature.

PMID- 3399366
TI  - A laser diffraction system with improved sensitivity for long-time measurements
      of sarcomere dynamics in isolated cardiac myocytes.
AB  - To measure the mechanical activity of enzymatically isolated mammalian myocytes
      the principle of laser light diffraction was used. Since the viability of
      isolated cardiac myocytes showed a marked dependence on the laser power used, an
      opto-electronic system with improved light sensitivity and low susceptibility to
      optical noise was developed. The high sensitivity was achieved by a novel
      approach in the detection of diffraction patterns, that provides a significant
      reduction of the amount of laser power required. This improvement rendered
      possible the application of laser diffraction during extended experiments
      including pharmacological interventions. The static performance of the system, as
      assessed by means of calibration gratings, showed a resolution in the order of 5
      nm for small changes in sarcomere length in the range from 1.2 microns to 2.0
      microns. Examples of measurements on resting and contracting cells are presented,
      and the limitations of the application of the system to biological specimens are
      discussed.

PMID- 3399367
TI  - Development and testing of thermoplastic structural components for modular
      prostheses.
AB  - The wider use of thermoplastic structural components in modular artificial limbs
      would enable their general properties of low density, corrosion resistance and
      mouldability and more specific properties of certain thermoplastics such as shock
      absorption, fatigue and wear resistance to be used to the advantage of patients
      and manufacturers. They provide an alternative to metal and carbon fibre
      reinforced resin systems. Emphasis has been placed on the development of
      rotationally moulded Nylon 11 shank sections, using Philadelphia recommended load
      levels as the design criteria for structural integrity. Laboratory testing
      underlined the importance of fatigue testing of thermoplastic components since
      structural deterioration due to creep--a time dependent mechanical property of
      thermoplastics--can be ascertained in fatigue testing but would not be evident on
      the shorter timescale of the static test. Experimental below-knee prostheses
      incorporating suitably designed plastic shanks and alignment devices can
      withstand high static loads and exhibit long fatigue lifetimes in excess of 2
      million cycles. The shank design offered an opportunity for testing under service
      conditions the validity of the Philadelphia Static Load level (2.5 kN) since
      shank failure loads are around this figure. Patient trials of experimental
      prostheses based on various combinations of plastic shanks and alignment devices
      and conducted over 33 months indicate that the Static Load Level along with
      fatigue testing is a satisfactory test criterion for general service use of
      thermoplastic prosthetic components.

PMID- 3399368
TI  - Preliminary assessment of three new designs of prosthetic prehensors for upper
      limb amputees.
AB  - At present, upper-limb amputees have a basic choice of a hook or a hand for the
      prosthetic prehensor. In the USA about two-thirds of upper-limb amputees wear
      hooks and about one-third wear hands. Either of these options represents a
      compromise. The hook is more functional and the hand is more cosmetic. Some
      amputees solve the dilemma by having one of each and interchanging them as work
      and social situations dictate. However, they would prefer to have one acceptable
      prehensor, and they want one which is functional, is attractive, and does not
      necessarily have to look like a hand. In an attempt to meet the desires of upper
      limb amputees, three prosthetic prehensors or "terminal devices" have been
      designed and developed into models. This article describes the preliminary
      assessment of these new designs.

PMID- 3399369
TI  - A conductive walkway system for measurement of temporal and distance parameters
      of gait.
AB  - This work describes a system used in gait analysis studies. The system is based
      on a continuous conductive walkway, made of ordinary aluminum foil. It measures
      the length of each single step, as well as those temporal parameters of gait that
      relate to the position of the feet on or off the ground. The system is relatively
      simple and inexpensive to build and run. Data collection and reduction is not
      excessively time consuming and does not require particularly high training of the
      operator. In conjunction with a microcomputer the system could be suitable for
      routine testing in the clinical environment. The present setup has been tested
      and proved consistent and sufficiently accurate.

PMID- 3399371
TI  - Lower limb amputations in southern Finland 1984-1985.
AB  - To assess the current epidemiological situation concerning lower limb amputations
      in southern Finland the data on all amputations made in the catchment area of the
      Helsinki University Central Hospital were analysed for the period 1984-85. During
      the two-year period, 880 amputations of lower limbs were performed on 705
      patients. The amputation rate was 32.5 per 100,000 inhabitants in 1984 and 28.1
      in 1985. Patients requiring amputation were arteriosclerotics in 43.1 per cent.
      and diabetics in 40.7 per cent. Diabetics underwent amputation 3 years younger on
      average than the arteriosclerotics. The most common site of unilateral
      amputations was above-knee (42.0 per cent) followed by below-knee (27.7 per cent)
      and toe amputations (22.2 per cent). The level of amputation tended to become
      more proximal with increasing age of the patients. The overall mortality figure
      during three postoperative months was 27.0 per cent. Amputation incidence
      increased sharply with increasing age. On the base of predictions, the overall
      age structure of the Finnish population will shift upward causing an increase in
      the proportion of elderly age groups. A 50% increase in amputation rate is
      expected in Finland within the next 20-30 years.

PMID- 3399370
TI  - Traumatic amputation of the upper limb: the use of body-powered prostheses and
      employment consequences.
AB  - Forty three patients with unilateral traumatic amputations were reviewed as to
      the use of prostheses and employment consequences of the amputation. Seventeen of
      19 below-elbow amputees, and 12 of 24 above-elbow amputees used their prostheses.
      Non-users compared to users of prostheses were characterized by: 1) Higher level
      of amputation 2) Non-dominant arm amputation and 3) Younger age at the time of
      amputation. However non-users usually did well on the labour market for various
      reasons.

PMID- 3399372
TI  - [Bronchial and non-bronchial systemic artery embolization in the management of
      hemoptysis: its immediate and long-term results].

PMID- 3399373
TI  - [Angiographic investigation of neurovascular hemifacial spasm].

PMID- 3399374
TI  - [MRI of extrahepatic hemangiomas].

PMID- 3399375
TI  - [Intrahepatic portal vein aneurysm with portal-hepatic vein shunt: case report].

PMID- 3399376
TI  - [Basic and clinical studies on CT diagnosis of mediastinal lymph node metastases
      from bronchogenic carcinoma].

PMID- 3399377
TI  - [Analysis of the prognosis of thymoma from long-term follow-up].

PMID- 3399378
TI  - [The distribution of N-isopropyl-p-iodoamphetamine in experimental ischemic
      brains of the Mongolian gerbil].

PMID- 3399379
TI  - Structure and expression of the gene coding for the alpha-subunit of DNA
      dependent RNA polymerase from the chloroplast genome of Zea mays.
AB  - The rpoA gene coding for the alpha-subunit of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
      located on the DNA of Zea mays chloroplasts has been characterized with respect
      to its position on the chloroplast genome and its nucleotide sequence. The amino
      acid sequence derived for a 39 Kd polypeptide shows strong homology with
      sequences derived from the rpoA genes of other chloroplast species and with the
      amino acid sequence of the alpha-subunit from E. coli RNA polymerase. Transcripts
      of the rpoA gene were identified by Northern hybridization and characterized by
      S1 mapping using total RNA isolated from maize chloroplasts. Antibodies raised
      against a synthetic C-terminal heptapeptide show cross reactivity with a 39 Kd
      polypeptide contained in the stroma fraction of maize chloroplasts. It is
      concluded that the rpoA gene is a functional gene and that therefore, at least
      the alpha-subunit of plastidic RNA polymerase, is expressed in chloroplasts.

PMID- 3399380
TI  - Comparisons of ape and human sequences that regulate mitochondrial DNA
      transcription and D-loop DNA synthesis.
AB  - The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control regions for common chimpanzee, pygmy
      chimpanzee and gorilla were sequenced and the lengths and termini of their D-loop
      DNA's characterized. In these and all other species for which there are data, 5'
      termini map to sequences that contain the trinucleotide YAY. 3' termini are 25-51
      nucleotides downstream from a sequence that is moderately conserved among
      vertebrates. Substitutions were greater than 1.5 times more frequent in the
      control region than in regions encoding structural genes. Additions and deletions
      were also frequent, especially in gorilla. Sequences of promoters and of two of
      four transcription factor binding sites were highly conserved. Comparisons of
      sequence similarity and transition/transversion ratios suggest that human and
      chimpanzees may be more closely related to each other than either is to gorilla,
      if substitution rates are approximately equal among these species.

PMID- 3399381
TI  - Ring-opened 7-methylguanine residues in DNA are a block to in vitro DNA
      synthesis.
AB  - Single-stranded M13mp18 phage DNA was methylated with dimethylsulfate (DMS), and
      further treated with alkali to ring-open N7-methylguanine residues and yield 2-6
      diamino-4-hydroxy-5N-methylformamidopyrimidine (Fapy) residues. Nucleotide
      incorporation during in vitro DNA synthesis on methylated template using E. coli
      DNA polymerase Klenow fragment (Kf polymerase) was reduced compared to the
      unmethylated template. Additional treatment of the methylated template with NaOH
      to generate Fapy residues, further reduced in vitro DNA synthesis compared to the
      synthesis on methylated templates, which suggested that Fapy residues were a
      block to in vitro DNA synthesis. Analysis of the termination products on
      sequencing gels, assuming that synthesis stops one base before a blocking lesion,
      indicated that arrest of DNA synthesis upon direct alkylation of single-stranded
      DNA occurred 1 base 3' to template adenine residues in the case of Kf polymerase
      and 1 base 3' to adenine and cystosine residues for T4 polymerase. When the
      alkylated templates were treated with NaOH to produce a template which converted
      all the N7-methylguanine residues to Fapy residues, the blocks to DNA synthesis
      were still observed one base before adenine residues. In addition to the stops
      previously observed for the methylated templates, however, new stops occurred one
      base 3' to template guanine residues for synthesis using both Kf polymerase and
      T4 polymerase. Fapy residues, therefore, represent a potential lethal lesion
      which may also arrest in vivo DNA synthesis if not repaired.

PMID- 3399382
TI  - Characterization of the origins of replication of bacteriophage phi 29 DNA.
AB  - The origins of replication of phi 29 DNA have been studied by analyzing the
      activity as templates in the phi 29 in vitro replication system of E. coli
      recombinant plasmids and M13 derivatives containing phi 29 DNA terminal
      sequences. Plasmid pITR, containing the 6 bp long inverted terminal repeat of phi
      29 DNA, was shown to be essentially inactive. The analysis of a series of
      deletion derivatives of plasmid pID13, that contains the 73 and 269 bp from the
      left and right phi 29 DNA ends, respectively, indicated that the minimal origins
      of replication are comprised within the mutagenesis at these sequences was
      carried out. Changes of the second or third A into a C completely abolished the
      template activity. In the case of changes at position from 4 to 12, only 3 out of
      14 mutations reduced the template activity; these 3 mutations were double changes
      and 2 of them affected the inverted terminal repeat. The results suggest that the
      sequence requirement at the end-proximal region of the origin of replication is
      more strict than that at the distal region.

PMID- 3399383
TI  - Erythroid-specific gene chromatin has an altered association with linker
      histones.
AB  - The chromatin of several genes was assayed for sensitivity to DNAase I and for
      solubility as polynucleosomes in 0.15 M NaCl. The degree of solubility of
      chromatin fragments as polynucleosomes in 0.15 M NaCl correlates well with the
      sensitivity to DNAase I for several genes. Chromatin of repressed, housekeeping
      and erythroid-specific genes can be distinguished as distinct groups by the
      degree to which they display these properties. NaCl precipitation of chromatin
      fragments stripped and then reconstituted with varying quantities of H1 and H5
      (linker) histones indicate that the polynucleosomes of erythroid-specific genes
      have altered interaction with these histones. Linker histones interacted with
      bulk chromatin and in the chromatin of the repressed ovalbumin and vitellogenin
      genes to form salt precipitable structures. Chromatin of erythroid-specific genes
      (histone H5 and beta-globin) as well as that of the histone H2A.F gene was
      resistant to linker histone induced precipitation.

PMID- 3399384
TI  - Homologous genes for mouse 4.5S hybRNA are found in all eukaryotes and their low
      molecular weight RNA transcripts intermolecularly hybridize with eukaryotic 18S
      ribosomal RNAs.
AB  - Previous work has reported the isolation and sequencing of a mouse low molecular
      weight RNA species designated 4.5S hybridizing RNA or hybRNA because of its
      ability to intermolecularly hybridize with mouse mRNA and 18S rRNA sequences.
      Using synthetic DNA oligonucleotide probes we have examined the conservation of
      this gene sequence and its expression as a lmwRNA transcript across evolution.
      Southern blot analysis has shown that homologous genes of single or low copy
      number are found in all eukaryotes examined as well as in E. coli. Northern blot
      analysis has demonstrated 4.5S hybRNA transcription in all mouse tissues as well
      as expression in yeast and Xenopus laevis as lmwRNAs of approximately 130 and 100
      nucleotides, respectively, as compared with mouse/rat/hamster species of
      approximately 87 nucleotides. Yeast and X. laevis 4.5S hybRNA homologs, isolated
      by hybrid-selection, were shown by Northern blot analysis to intermolecularly
      hybridize with homologous as well as heterologous 18S rRNA sequences. The
      conservation of 4.5S hybRNA homologous genes and their expression as lmwRNA
      transcripts with common intermolecular RNA:RNA hybridization capabilities in
      fungi, amphibians, and mammals argues for a common, conserved and required
      biological function for this lmwRNA in all eukaryotes and potential utilization
      of its intermolecular RNA:RNA hybridization capabilities to carry out this
      function.

PMID- 3399385
TI  - Differential and cell type specific expression of murine alpha-interferon genes
      is regulated on the transcriptional level.
AB  - In mouse cells induced with virus infection or dsRNA, the relative levels of
      alpha-4 interferon mRNA were higher than the levels of alpha-1 and alpha-6 mRNAs;
      the ratio between relative levels of alpha-4 and alpha-1 or alpha-6 mRNA was,
      however, dependent on the cell type. Recombinant plasmids, in which the
      expression of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene was directed by the
      promoter regions of alpha-1, alpha-4 or alpha-6 interferon genes were constructed
      and their inducible expression was studied either in transient assay or in
      permanently transfected mouse cells. The highest levels of CAT activity and CAT
      mRNA were observed with alpha-4 CAT plasmid, while the expression of alpha-1 CAT
      was consistently higher than that coded by alpha-6 CAT plasmid; the ratio between
      CAT activities coded by alpha-4 CAT and alpha-1 CAT was dependent on cell type.
      However, in heterologous Vero cells, the transfected alpha-1 and alpha-4 genes
      were expressed constitutively, and the levels of mRNAs were comparable. These
      results show that the difference in the relative levels of individual alpha-1 and
      alpha-4 mRNAs reflects the transcriptional inducibility of the respective
      promoter regions.

PMID- 3399386
TI  - Sequence and organization of barley yellow dwarf virus genomic RNA.
AB  - The nucleotide sequence of the genomic RNA of barley yellow dwarf virus, PAV
      serotype was determined, except for the 5'-terminal base, and its genome
      organization deduced. The 5,677 nucleotide genome contains five large open
      reading frames (ORFs). The genes for the coat protein (1) and the putative viral
      RNA-dependent RNA polymerase were identified. The latter shows a striking degree
      of similarity to that of carnation mottle virus (CarMV). By comparison with
      corona- and retrovirus RNAs, it is proposed that a translational frameshift is
      involved in expression of the polymerase. An ORF encoding an Mr 49,797 protein
      (50K ORF) may be translated by in-frame readthrough of the coat protein stop
      codon. The coat protein, an overlapping 17K ORF, and a 3'6.7K ORF are likely to
      be expressed via subgenomic mRNAs.

PMID- 3399388
TI  - Overlapping open reading frames revealed by complete nucleotide sequencing of
      turnip yellow mosaic virus genomic RNA.
AB  - The complete nucleotide sequence of turnip yellow mosaic virus (TYMV) genomic RNA
      has been determined on a set of overlapping cDNA clones using a sequential
      sequencing strategy. The RNA is 6318 nucleotides long, excluding the cap
      structure. The genome organization deduced from the sequence confirms previous
      results of in vitro translation. A novel open reading frame (ORF) putatively
      encoding a Pro-rich and very basic 69K (K = kilodalton) protein is detected at
      the 5' end of the genome. It is initiated at the first AUG codon on the RNA and
      overlaps the major ORF that encodes the non structural 206K (previously referred
      to as 195K) protein of TYMV; its function is unknown. Several amino acid
      consensus sequences already described among plant and animal viruses are also
      found in the TYMV-encoded polypeptides. A comparison with other viruses whose RNA
      sequence is known leads to the conclusion that TYMV belongs to the "Sindbis-like"
      supergroup of viruses and could be related to Semliki forest virus.

PMID- 3399389
TI  - A selective recognition mode of a nucleic acid base by an aromatic amino acid: L
      phenylalanine-7-methylguanosine 5'-monophosphate stacking interaction.
AB  - The conformation of 7-methylguanosine 5'-monophosphate (m7GMP) and its
      interaction with L-phenylalanine (Phe) have been investigated by X-ray
      crystallographic, 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance, and energy calculation methods.
      The N(7) methylation of the guanine base shifts m7GMP toward an anti--gauche,
      gauche conformation about the glycosyl and exocyclic C(4')-C(5') bonds,
      respectively. The prominent stacking observed between the benzene ring of Phe and
      guanine base of m7GMP is primarily due to the N(7) guarternization of the guanine
      base. The formation of a hydrogen bonding pair between the anionic carboxyl group
      and the guanine base further stabilizes this stacking interaction. The present
      results imply the importance of aromatic amino acids as a hallmark for the
      selective recognition of a nucleic acid base.

PMID- 3399391
TI  - Isolation of cDNAs encoding human manganese superoxide dismutase.

PMID- 3399387
TI  - Distinct subfamilies of primate L1Gg retroposons, with some elements carrying
      tandem repeats in the 5' region.
AB  - Two subfamilies of L1 elements, differing dramatically in the first 1.2 kb of
      sequence at their 5' ends, were identified in the prosimian primate, Galago
      garnetti. Interesting patterns of sequence similarity were observed between the
      galago subfamilies, and with the L1s from human and from another prosimian, the
      slow loris. Furthermore, members of one of the subfamilies have six to eight
      tandemly repeated units of 73 bp, starting about 730 bp from their 5' ends. Such
      tandem repeats have not been reported in other primate L1s, but a striking
      sequence similarity was found between the galago tandem repeats and those
      previously described at the 5' termini of some mouse L1s [Loeb, D. D. et al. Mol.
      Cell. Biol. 6, 168-182, 1986]. Although the similar sequence indicates a shared,
      conserved function, the galago repeats are sub-terminal and therefore cannot
      serve as portable RNA polymerase II promoters, as has been suggested for the
      mouse tandem repeats.

PMID- 3399390
TI  - Analysis of the complete nucleotide sequence of the group IV RNA coliphage SP.
AB  - We report the nucleotide sequence of the Group IV RNA bacteriophage SP. The
      entire sequence is 4276 nucleotides long. Four cistrons have been identified by
      comparison with the related Group III phage Q beta. The maturation protein
      contains 449 amino acids, the coat protein contains 131 amino acids, the read
      through protein contains 330 amino acids and the replicase beta-subunit contains
      575 amino acids. SP is 59 nucleotides longer than Q beta. We have analyzed both
      sequence and structural conservation between SP and Q beta and shown that the
      sequences for the coat and central region of the replicase are strongly conserved
      between the two genomes. We also show that the S and M replicase binding sites of
      Q beta are strongly conserved in SP. Interestingly, the base composition of SP
      and Q beta differ significantly from one another, and most of the differences can
      be accounted for by a strong preponderance of U in the third position of each
      codon of Q beta relative to SP. We also compare conserved hairpins associated
      with potential coat protein and replicase binding sites.

PMID- 3399392
TI  - Identification of a putative RNA dependent RNA polymerase encoded by a yeast
      double stranded RNA virus.

PMID- 3399393
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of the gene coding for quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase
      from Acinetobacter calcoaceticus.

PMID- 3399395
TI  - A convenient procedure for the synthesis of oligodeoxyribonucleotide affinity
      columns for the isolation of mRNA.

PMID- 3399394
TI  - Organization and upstream DNA sequence of the mouse protease inhibitor gene.

PMID- 3399397
TI  - Rapid DNA fingerprinting using alkaline phosphatase-conjugated oligonucleotides.

PMID- 3399396
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of rat mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1. GTG, a new
      initiator codon in vertebrate mitochondrial genome.

PMID- 3399398
TI  - Anthranilate synthase component II from Hansenula polymorpha.

PMID- 3399399
TI  - Complete nucleotide sequence of human glutamate dehydrogenase cDNA.

PMID- 3399400
TI  - An improved sequencing method using Sequenase that is independent of template
      concentration.

PMID- 3399401
TI  - An asparagine tRNA gene from lupin mitochondria.

PMID- 3399402
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of crystal protein gene isolated from B. thuringiensis
      subspecies entomocidus 60.5 coding for a toxin highly active against Spodoptera
      species.

PMID- 3399404
TI  - Multiple sequences encoding potential thyroid hormone receptors isolated from
      mouse skeletal muscle cDNA libraries.

PMID- 3399403
TI  - DNA sequence of the site-specific recombination function cin of phage P7.

PMID- 3399405
TI  - Sequence of the 5' end of the developmentally regulated rat P450 PB1 (P450IIC6)
      gene.

PMID- 3399406
TI  - Isolation and mapping of a polymorphic DNA sequence (pMCOC14) on chromosome 4p
      [D4S124].

PMID- 3399408
TI  - Bent DNA structures associated with several origins of replication are recognized
      by a unique enzyme from trypanosomatids.
AB  - Sequence-directed bending of the DNA double helix is a conformational variation
      found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. The utilization of bent DNA
      structures from various sources as specific signals recognized by an enzyme is
      demonstrated here using a unique endonuclease purified from trypanosomatid cells.
      Crithidia fasciculata nicking enzyme was previously shown to recognize
      specifically the bent structure found in kinetoplast DNA minicircles. The binding
      constant measured for this specific interaction is of two orders of magnitude
      higher than that measured for the binding of the enzyme to a non-curved sequence.
      As determined by binding competition and mobility shift electrophoresis analyses,
      this enzyme recognizes the sequence-directed bends associated with the origins of
      replication of bacteriophage lambda and simian virus 40 (SV40), as well as that
      located within the autonomously replicating sequence (ARS1) region of the yeast
      S. cerevisiae.

PMID- 3399409
TI  - The helical repeat of underwound DNA in solution.
AB  - Closed circular DNA was relaxed with a topoisomerase in the presence of varying
      concentrations of the intercalating dye, ethidium bromide, to create underwound,
      planar DNA rings. We directly determined the helical repeat of these DNA
      molecules by the Gaussian center method and found that it varied as a simple
      predicted function of the degree of underwinding and the helical repeat of
      relaxed, dye-free DNA. We discuss these results in light of a recent mathematical
      treatment of DNA structure which predicts that the helical repeat of supercoiled
      DNA molecules in solution obeys the same function.

PMID- 3399407
TI  - The preference of the mitochondrial endonuclease for a conserved sequence block
      in mitochondrial DNA is highly conserved during mammalian evolution.
AB  - Endonuclease activity identified in crude preparations of rat and human heart
      mitochondria has each been partially purified and characterized. Both the rat and
      human activities purify as a single enzyme that closely resembles the
      endonuclease of bovine-heart mitochondria (Cummings, O.W. et. al. (1987) J. Biol.
      Chem. 262:2005-2015). All three enzymes, for example elute similarly during gel
      filtration and DNA-cellulose chromatography, and exhibit similar enzymatic
      properties. Although the nucleotide sequences of the mtDNAs indicate that there
      has occurred an unusual degree of divergence in the displacement-loop region
      during mammalian evolution, the nucleotide specificities of the mt endonucleases
      appear highly conserved and show a striking preference for an evolutionarily
      conserved sequence tract that is located upstream from the heavy (H)-strand
      origin of DNA replication (OriH).

PMID- 3399410
TI  - Codon preference in Dictyostelium discoideum.
AB  - Dictyostelium discoideum is of increasing interest as a model eukaryotic cell
      because its many attributes have recently been expanded to include improved
      genetic and biochemical manipulability. The ability to transform Dictyostelium
      using drug resistance as a selectable marker (1) and to gene target by high
      frequency homologous integration (2) makes this organism particularly useful for
      molecular genetic approaches to cell structure and function. Given this
      background, it becomes important to analyze the codon preference used in this
      organism. Dictyostelium displays a strong and unique overall codon preference.
      This preference varies between different coding regions and even varies between
      coding regions from the same gene family. The degree of codon preference may be
      correlated with expression levels but not with the developmental time of
      expression of the gene product. The strong codon preference can be applied to
      identify coding regions in Dictyostelium DNA and aid in the design of
      oligonucleotide probes for cloning Dictyostelium genes.

PMID- 3399411
TI  - Parallel stranded duplex DNA.
AB  - Three linear 21-nt oligonucleotides (C2, C3, C7) have been synthesized with
      different sequences of A and T residues. One pairwise combination, (C3, C7),
      hybridizes to form a conventional antiparallel duplex (aps-C3.C7), whereas the
      pair C2, C3 forms a duplex (ps-C2.C3) in which the two strands are in a parallel
      orientation and the A.T base-pairs in a reverse Watson-Crick configuration. The
      existence of the novel ps helical structure was established from the following
      criteria: (i) The electrophoretic mobilities of the ps and aps duplexes in native
      and denaturing polyacrylamide gels are similar. (ii) The ps duplex is not a
      substrate for T4 DNA ligase. (iii) Salt-dependent thermal transitions are
      observed for the two duplexes, but the melting temperatures of the ps molecules
      are 15 degrees C lower. (iv) The ultraviolet absorption and circular dichroism
      spectra of the ps duplex are indicative of a base-paired structure, but differ
      systematically from that of the aps helix. (v) Based on fluorescent measurements,
      the bis-benzimidazole drug BBI-258 shows a lower affinity for the ps compared to
      the aps duplex, whereas the opposite preference holds for the intercalator
      ethidium bromide. We conclude from the present study that parallel stranded DNA
      is a stable conformation which can arise by interaction between two conventional
      strands with appropriate sequence homology.

PMID- 3399413
TI  - ONS must disseminate AIDS information.

PMID- 3399412
TI  - Statistical distributions of nucleosomes: nonrandom locations by a stochastic
      mechanism.
AB  - Expressions are derived for distributions of nucleosomes in chromatin.
      Nucleosomes are placed on DNA at the densities found in bulk chromatin, and their
      locations are allowed to vary at random. No further assumptions are required to
      simulate the periodic patterns of digestion obtained with various nucleases. The
      introduction of a boundary constraint, due for example to sequence-specific
      protein binding, results in an array of regularly spaced nucleosomes at nonrandom
      locations, similar to the arrays reported for some genes and other chromosomal
      regions.

PMID- 3399415
TI  - Dealing with the pressure of the '80s.

PMID- 3399414
TI  - Can home care be acute care?

PMID- 3399416
TI  - Choices: who's going to tell the patients what they need to know.

PMID- 3399417
TI  - The effect of aerobic exercise on patient reports of nausea.

PMID- 3399418
TI  - Hypercalcemia knowledge assessment in patients at risk of developing cancer
      induced hypercalcemia.

PMID- 3399420
TI  - What is happening? A booklet to be read to young children experiencing the
      terminal illness of a loved one.

PMID- 3399419
TI  - Locus of control and beliefs about cancer in a multi-ethnic clinic population.

PMID- 3399421
TI  - Ethical dilemmas.

PMID- 3399422
TI  - On writing abstracts.

PMID- 3399423
TI  - Amikacin pharmacokinetics in patients with spinal cord injury.
AB  - The influence of chronic (greater than 1 yr duration) spinal cord injury (SCI) on
      the disposition of amikacin was studied in seven healthy subjects with SCI (five
      paraplegic, two tetraplegic) and seven able-bodied controls (intact neuraxes).
      The time course of amikacin serum concentration after a 30-minute infusion (7.5
      mg/kg) was followed for up to 8.5 hours using fluorescence polarization
      immunoassay. Pharmacokinetic values were estimated by a noncompartmental analysis
      (NC). Amikacin steady-state volume of distribution (Vss) was increased to 0.20 +/
      0.04 l/kg (mean +/- SD) as compared to 0.17 +/- 0.02 l/kg in able-bodied
      controls (p 0.03), and its mean terminal elimination half-life in patients with
      SCI was prolonged by 0.64 hours over the control value of 2.11 +/- 0.27 hours (p
      0.01). The NC estimated mean residence time (MRT) in patients with SCI (3.65 +/-
      0.75 hrs) was 0.89 hours longer than that observed in controls (p 0.03). Our data
      suggest that the Vss, half-life, and MRT of amikacin are increased in persons
      with chronic SCI. As a result, amikacin dosing regimens developed in able-bodied
      humans may demonstrate diminished efficacy when extrapolated uncritically to
      these patients.

PMID- 3399424
TI  - The relative predictive performance of two theophylline pharmacokinetic dosing
      programs.
AB  - The predictive performance of 2 theophylline pharmacokinetic dosing programs
      (Abbott and Simkin) was evaluated using a group of 44 inpatients who had 2 serum
      concentrations (TSC) measured during hospitalization. Bias was assessed with the
      median prediction error (PE) and precision was assessed with the median absolute
      PE. The Abbott program was significantly less biased than the Simkin program in
      predicting the first TSC (PEs 0.1 and -1.3 micrograms/ml, respectively; p less
      than 0.05). No significant difference in bias was observed in predicting the
      second TSC, or in precision in predicting either the first or second TSC. Both
      programs exhibited small improvements in prediction precision when the first TSC
      was used to predict the second. Correlations of predicted versus measured TSC
      also improved with the second prediction. These programs may be useful in dosing
      theophylline; however, TSC monitoring and the application of sound clinical
      judgment are warranted.

PMID- 3399425
TI  - The effect of intracoronary lidocaine infusion on acetylstrophanthidin-induced
      ventricular arrhythmia in dogs.
AB  - Antiarrhythmic drugs frequently cause extracardiac side effects that limit their
      use. If intracoronary delivery of a lower dose of drug to an electrically
      unstable focus can control arrhythmias, systemic adverse effects of these agents
      might be avoided. We investigated whether intracoronary lidocaine can suppress
      ventricular arrhythmia induced by acetylstrophanthidin, a rapidly acting
      digitalislike agent. We isolated and then cannulated either the left anterior
      descending or the left circumflex coronary artery in 12 pentobarbital
      anesthetized dogs. Sustained ventricular tachycardia that persisted for 11.4 +/-
      8.6 minutes was reliably induced by the intracoronary infusion. In all of 24
      trials, an intracoronary lidocaine bolus at 2% of the usual systemic dose (0.77
      mg/30 sec) abolished digitalis-induced ventricular tachycardia for an average of
      2.0 +/- 1.8 minutes. This effect was not observed after a saline bolus. We
      conclude that an intracoronary bolus of low-dose lidocaine can suppress
      acetylstrophanthidin-induced ventricular arrhythmia.

PMID- 3399426
TI  - Post-traumatic coronary occlusion and its consequences in a young child.
AB  - A 250-kg metal plate fell on a six-year-old boy. The resulting internal,
      nonpenetrating trauma caused multiple coronary arterial occlusions leading to
      complete heart block and ischemic changes in the electrocardiogram. Later two
      left ventricular aneurysms developed that were resected.

PMID- 3399427
TI  - Stokes-Adams attacks in congenital complete heart block.
AB  - Stokes-Adams attacks are a well-known complication of congenital complete heart
      block. Although they are generally felt to be precipitated by either bradycardia
      or tachycardia, this is poorly documented. A case is presented in which a 23
      month old with congenital complete heart block and an intermittently prolonged QT
      interval had a Stokes-Adams attack during a spontaneous episode of ventricular
      tachycardia. The combination of congenital complete heart block and a prolonged
      QT interval carries a significant risk of ventricular tachycardia.

PMID- 3399428
TI  - Ewing's sarcoma metastazing from the right pelvis via the inferior vena cava into
      the heart: diagnosis and successful surgical treatment.
AB  - A case of Ewing's sarcoma metastazing from the pelvis into the heart is
      presented. Fainting as a result of circulatory obstruction within the right heart
      was the leading symptom. Open-heart surgery was performed to excise the tumor
      from the right atrium and the inferior vena cava. Postoperative angiography
      showed the tumor coming up out of the right iliac vein and growing along the wall
      of the inferior vena cava.

PMID- 3399429
TI  - Heart-rate spectral analysis: a noninvasive probe of cardiovascular regulation in
      critically ill children with heart disease.
AB  - Children may die suddenly and unexpectedly following cardiac surgery, even while
      receiving intensive medical care, when current noninvasive and invasive
      monitoring techniques fail to warn us of an impending problem. This report
      examines the efficacy of heart-rate spectral analysis, a noninvasive method that
      quantitates the beat-to-beat fluctuations in heart rate, in characterizing and
      tracking cardiovascular regulatory status. A total of 45 heart-rate fluctuation
      studies, performed on selected patients, at the bedside, using heart-rate
      spectral analysis, were retrospectively correlated with clinical events. The
      spectral pattern of 18 patients who sustained a cardiac arrest differed
      significantly from the others in the study group (p less than 0.0001).

PMID- 3399430
TI  - Doppler-derived cardiac output in healthy newborn infants in relation to
      physiological patency of the ductus arteriosus.
AB  - Noninvasive Doppler-derived cardiac output was measured with the pulsed Doppler
      method in 22 healthy newborns during their first four days of life. Maximal blood
      flow velocity in the aorta was measured with the Doppler ultrasound method. The
      mean Doppler-derived cardiac output was 273 +/- 59 ml/min/kg. Ductal left-to
      right shunting was also determined and then graded according to the flow in the
      main pulmonary artery. The mean Doppler-derived cardiac output was 301 +/- 61
      ml/min/kg when there was a moderate ductal left-to-right shunt, 266 +/- 59
      ml/min/kg when the shunting was mild, and 260 +/- 53 ml/min/kg when there was no
      shunting ductus. The Doppler-derived cardiac output was significantly higher when
      there was a moderate left-to-right shunt than without such shunting. This method
      seems to be a useful approach in monitoring the cardiac function of newborns
      without unduly disturbing their condition. Normal values on Doppler-derived
      cardiac output have to be judged in relation to the magnitude of ductal left-to
      right shunt.

PMID- 3399431
TI  - Atrial pacing to estimate total sinoatrial conduction time in children.
AB  - No data exist concerning the total sinoatrial conduction time (TSACT) in children
      that compare values determined by the atrial extrastimulation technique (TSACTS)
      with those generated by the atrial pacing method (TSACTN). In this study, TSACT
      in 55 patients, age 0.2-18.5, was measured using both techniques. TSACTN was
      performed at a mean 90% (TSACTN-90) (n = 32) or a mean 95% (TSACTN-95 and (n =
      38) of sinus cycle length (SCL). When data generated during determination of
      TSACTN-90 and TSACTS were compared, SCL and recovery cycle length (REC) were
      similar for both techniques. Likewise, TSACTS (128 +/- 40 ms) and TSACTN-90 (126
      +/- 74 ms) were not significantly different. Coefficient of correlation was r =
      0.82, p less than 0.001. Chi-square analysis demonstrated a strong association of
      normal and abnormal values between TSACTS and TSACTN-90. In contrast, when values
      generated during TSACTN-95 and TSACTS were compared, TSACTS exceeded TSACTN-95
      (137 +/- 38 vs 105 +/- 58 ms; p less than 0.001). Values for SCL and REC were
      similar while correlation between TSACT determined by the two techniques remained
      strong (r = 0.82, p less than 0.001). Despite a good correlation between TSACTN
      90 and TSACTS, individual differences in magnitude and direction were noted
      between the two techniques. In summary, TSACTN-90 approximates TSACTS in
      children. TSACTN-90 is preferable to TSACTN-95, probably due to more complete
      sinus node capture during atrial pacing. However, the behavior of the sinus node
      in response to extrastimuli (single or train) precludes favoring one technique
      over the other. More precise evaluation of sinoatrial conduction will require
      direct recording of sinus node activity.

PMID- 3399432
TI  - Early treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in premature infants with severe
      respiratory distress syndrome.
AB  - In 1983, a US National Collaborative Study (NCS) proposed criteria for the
      diagnosis of hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in
      premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), but the widespread
      use of pulsed Doppler cross-sectional echocardiography (PD-CSE) in neonatal
      intensive care units has made direct assessment of the ductus possible thus
      providing more timely therapy. We have compared the results in 30 premature
      infants with severe RDS, assessed according to the guidelines of the US NCS, with
      those in 51 infants whose PDA was diagnosed by PD-CSE. Together with a
      significant reduction in the age at treatment (7.8 +/- 3.9 vs 2.4 +/- 1.1 days),
      there was a reduced dependence on artificial ventilation (14.8 +/- 11.0 vs 7.8 +/
      2.7 days), a reduction in the number requiring surgical ligation of PDA (9 vs
      2), a decreased incidence of bronchopulmonary-dysplasia (BPD) (40% vs 16%), and a
      reduction of unfavorable outcome of treatment (death or BPD) (76% vs 49%).

PMID- 3399433
TI  - Spectrum of Di George syndrome in patients with truncus arteriosus: expanded Di
      George syndrome.
AB  - A study of 26 patients with truncus arteriosus showed a high prevalence of facial
      dysmorphism, aortic arch abnormalities, extracardiac malformations, and
      significant prenatal risk factors. There was little evidence of parathyroid or
      thymic abnormalities. However, there was laboratory evidence of immune
      deficiency, especially T-helper lymphocytes, and clinical evidence of
      predilection to infection. These findings suggest that patients with truncus
      arteriosus belong to the spectrum of the Di George syndrome.

PMID- 3399435
TI  - Solar urticaria with delayed onset: a case report.

PMID- 3399434
TI  - Photosensitive reaction to phenelzine: a case report.

PMID- 3399436
TI  - The (6-4) photoproduct and human skin cancer.

PMID- 3399437
TI  - Wavelength dependence for DNA synthesis inhibition in hairless mouse epidermis.
AB  - Exposure of mammalian skin to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) results in a transient
      inhibition of scheduled DNA synthesis. The wavelength dependence for this
      response was investigated in the epidermis of albino hairless mice. Groups of
      animals were exposed to narrow wavebands of UVR (HPBW 6.6 nm) from a
      monochromator in the 260-335 nm range. A dose-dependent inhibition of DNA
      synthesis was observed following exposure to all test wavebands except that
      centered at 335 nm. An action spectrum constructed from dose-response regression
      lines showed peak effectiveness at 290 nm. This spectrum bears a close
      resemblance to published action spectra for the induction of pyrimidine dimers in
      vivo, suggesting that DNA is the primary chromophore for both events. The DNA
      synthesis inhibition spectrum bears little resemblance to a published therapeutic
      action spectrum for the clearing of psoriasis.

PMID- 3399438
TI  - Change in epidermal transmission due to UV-induced hyperplasia in hairless mice:
      a first approximation of the action spectrum.
AB  - UV-induced epidermal hyperplasia was investigated by measuring the optical
      transmission of the epidermis of hairless mice exposed daily to ultraviolet
      radiation. The effects of 2 different radiation sources were investigated:
      Philips TUV 40W, emitting mainly 254 nm radiation, and Philips TL01 40W, emitting
      radiation in a narrow band around 312 nm. With both lamps a number of groups of
      animals were used, each receiving a different daily dose. In the experiments with
      both types of lamps, hyperplasia appeared to be fully determined by the
      accumulated dose, irrespective of the daily dose administered. This implies
      reciprocity between the daily dose and the time elapsed since the first exposure.
      Moreover, the change of transmission with time and daily dose showed very
      characteristic behaviour. A simple mathematical model was used to describe these
      changes. In a previous study we used this model to describe the results of a
      similar experiment with Westinghouse FS40 sunlamps. The combined data from the
      present and the previous experiments were used to calculate a first approximation
      of the action spectrum for UV-induced hyperplasia. In addition, we calculated the
      dose-response relationship for UV-induced increase in tolerance against
      ultraviolet radiation for the 3 irradiation sources.

PMID- 3399440
TI  - Microrelief changes in chronically sun-exposed human skin.
AB  - The effects of solar exposure on the microtopography of the human skin can be
      followed, in vivo, by comparing 2 nearby areas, protected and non-protected, of
      the arm. This has been possible in the case of professional cyclists, whose short
      sleeved outerwear provides a clear demarcation of the 2 zones. The microrelief
      was measured from negative replicas by an automatic image analysis method. The
      skin pattern showed clear changes between the 2 zones. Results are discussed in
      an attempt to outline similarities and differences between the effects of the
      actual aging process and solar radiation.

PMID- 3399439
TI  - Delayed sensorineural deafness and skin carcinogenesis in a Japanese xeroderma
      pigmentosum group D patient.
AB  - A 65-year-old patient with xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), XP77TO, was assigned to
      complementation Group D by the cell-fusion study and comprised the fifth Group D
      case in Japan. The patient had mild solar sensitivity by age 7, dyspigmentation
      by 10 years, and he still currently has moderate symptoms. The skin phototest by
      290, 300 and 305 nm monochromatic ultraviolet (UV) light revealed a delayed peak
      of erythema 48 h post-irradiation and lowered minimal erythemal doses. The XP77TO
      skin fibroblasts, as well as a reference Group D strain, exhibited the same 7
      fold higher sensitivity to the lethal effect of 254 nm UV as did normal cells.
      Unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) induced in XP77TO cells by 254 nm UV (10 J/m2)
      was 42% of normal, falling into the Group D range of 25-50% UDS. In spite of such
      a similar cellular phenotype, XP77TO developed squamous cell carcinomas at 44 and
      65 years of age and audiometric sensorineural deafness in a delayed fashion at
      advanced age.

PMID- 3399441
TI  - The use of the probe in arthroscopic examination of the knee.
AB  - Careful examination of the results of 500 arthroscopic examinations of the knee
      showed that significant diagnostic information was gained by use of the probe in
      52 knees. However, survey results show that in northwest England only 67% of
      surgeons always perform an arthroscopy prior to meniscectomy and only 41% of
      surgeons used a probe at every examination. Failure to use the probe at every
      examination may result in missed pathology.

PMID- 3399442
TI  - Intramuscular myxoma simulating a cystic mass on computed tomography.
AB  - A case of an intramuscular myxoma (IMM) of the thigh simulating a cystic mass is
      reported. A discussion of the computed tomography (CT) characteristics of benign
      and malignant soft tissue tumors are presented.

PMID- 3399443
TI  - Radiographic and histologic study of porous coated tibial component fixation in
      cementless total knee arthroplasty.
AB  - Radiographic changes occurring beneath three types of non-cemented, porous
      coated, cobalt-chrome tibial components were retrospectively reviewed a minimum
      of 1 year after arthroplasty. Radiolucent zones, radiodense lines, and loose
      sintered particles were commonly observed. These changes are consistent with non
      rigid, fibrous tissue fixation. Histologic evaluation of two specimens retrieved
      at revision surgery revealed predominantly fibrous tissue within the porous
      surface under the tibial plateau. The long-term implication of fibrous tissue
      fixation of porous coated tibial implants in unknown.

PMID- 3399444
TI  - Preparatory below knee prosthesis.

PMID- 3399445
TI  - The posterior medial complex disruption.
AB  - Seventy-five patients with 86 complex tears of the medial meniscus posterior horn
      (posterior medial complex disruptions) treated by arthroscopic partial
      meniscectomy were contacted for evaluation of their functional results. Forty
      five patients returned for physical and radiographic examination 1 to 6 years
      after surgery. Condylar chondromalacia was significantly higher in patients
      waiting to undergo surgery over 6 months from the onset of their symptoms (94%)
      than those waiting less than 6 months (40%) (P = .0001). Patients were classified
      into phases based on preoperative x-rays and the operative presence of condylar
      chondromalacia. Satisfactory results were seen in 87% of phase 0 and phase 1
      patients, 50% of phase 2 patients, and 32% of phase 3 patients. Phase
      classification provided significant data for prognostication of satisfactory
      results (P = .0001). With advancing age, presence of preoperative x-ray changes,
      the articular cartilage damage may compromise the results. Most patients in this
      study exhibited clinical improvement suggesting some benefit from the mechanical
      washout, if not the meniscectomy.

PMID- 3399447
TI  - Asymmetric dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica.

PMID- 3399446
TI  - Freiberg disease complicating unrelated trauma.
AB  - Freiberg's infraction is an avascular necrosis of the metatarsal head
      characterized by the development of disorderliness of chondrogenesis and
      osteogenesis in previously normal bone. Radiographic findings follow the
      pathological progression of bony changes. The presented cases document the
      development of avascular necrosis in a previously normal metatarsal that occurred
      after trauma or surgery elsewhere in the foot. It is suggested that infraction of
      the metatarsal head resulted from microfracture caused by abnormal stress.

PMID- 3399448
TI  - Preservation of fascial planes and soft tissue tension in revision joint surgery.

PMID- 3399449
TI  - Radiologic case study. Pyogenic sacroiliitis.

PMID- 3399450
TI  - Carpal tunnel surgery: should the incision be above or below the wrist?

PMID- 3399452
TI  - SI units--when and how will they arrive?

PMID- 3399451
TI  - Answer please. Stress fracture of the ulna.

PMID- 3399453
TI  - Syndromatic paucity of interlobular bile ducts: hepatic histopathology of the
      early and endstage liver.
AB  - Morphologic findings of the liver in syndromatic paucity of intrahepatic bile
      ducts (SPIHBD) during infancy include paucity of interlobular bile ducts,
      features of "giant cell hepatitis," dilated lymphatics and veins in the portal
      tract, perisinusoidal fibrosis, and bile duct epithelial changes with a
      concentric layering of mesenchymal cells around bile ducts reminiscent of renal
      dysplasia. The latter change is characteristic of SPIHBD. Although the disease is
      characterized by paucity of bile ducts, morphometric studies show paucity of
      interlobular bile ducts in less than half of the patients during infancy. Reduced
      numbers of portal tracts and increased percentage of portal tracts devoid of bile
      ducts are more constant findings. It was impossible to predict from the early
      biopsy which patients would develop more severe portal fibrosis. Later in the
      disease portal fibrosis is variable and unevenly distributed, being more severe
      near the hilum regardless of the prior performance of a Kasai-type operation or
      the state of patency of the extrahepatic bile ducts. Hypoplasia of the
      extrahepatic bile ducts is the usual finding in SPIHBD, but if atresia of
      extrahepatic bile ducts is associated with intrahepatic paucity of bile ducts,
      the hepatic histopathology is that of PIHBD. Recognition of PIHBD would avoid
      unwarranted surgical procedures.

PMID- 3399454
TI  - Growth and asymmetry of the human liver during the embryonic period.
AB  - Previous studies had suggested that the development of asymmetry in the human
      liver could occur as a consequence of the earlier developing asymmetry of the
      heart and that the preferential right-sidedness of hepatic volume was secondary
      to favored venous return on the right. To examine this question we reconstructed
      the liver from serial histologic sections of human embryos in the Carnegie
      Embryological Collection of stages 11 through 23. Photomicrographs of embryo
      sections were projected, traced into the digitizing pad on an image analyzer
      microcomputer, and the liver volume and relative volumes to right and left of the
      median plane of the body calculated. The 38 embryos studied represent each
      Carnegie stage, sectioned in transverse, frontal, or sagittal (except stage 11)
      planes. The liver appears in stage 11 and grows to over 90 mm3 at stage 23, as
      the embryo enlarges from 3 to 30 mm crown-rump length (CRL). A significantly
      greater proportion of the liver was found on the right of the median plane in all
      embryos from stage 11 onward (p less than 0.001). Volume in mm3 is given by the
      semilogarithmic regression formulas volume = 1.49 x 10(-6)e0.826 stage, or volume
      = 0.0177 e0.333 CRL. Insignificant variation from the average proportion of 57.8%
      (SE +/- 0.8%, range 51-70%) on the right of the median plane was present
      throughout the embryonic period. The observation that the liver is right-sided
      from its first appearance is not well explained by properties of the vascular
      pattern. The explanation for this intrinsic hepatic asymmetry remains obscure.

PMID- 3399455
TI  - Glial differentiation in the germinal layer of fetal and preterm infant brain: an
      immunocytochemical study.
AB  - The germinal layer in preterm infants is a common site of intracerebral
      hemorrhage that is associated with increased mortality and morbidity in
      survivors. This matrix is composed of a mass of immature cells containing many
      thin-walled blood vessels. A major factor in the occurrence of hemorrhage at this
      site is the absence of a network of fibers to support these vessels. This
      immunocytochemical study has examined glial differentiation within the germinal
      layer of brains from fetuses and preterm infants of gestational ages 18 to 35
      weeks. Progressive glial differentiation with gestation is described. This
      process is not uniform and the more posterior germinal layer, lying over the body
      of the caudate nucleus, demonstrates more rapid maturation than that lying
      anteriorly near the head of the caudate nucleus. Anteriorly, even at 35 weeks of
      gestation, a central core of germinal layer cells remains immature with little
      evidence of glial differentiation. These changes may be related to the occurrence
      and distribution of germinal layer hemorrhages in preterm infants of varying
      gestations.

PMID- 3399456
TI  - A study of cartilage development in pulmonary hypoplasia.
AB  - To discriminate between different forms of pulmonary hypoplasia (PH), 24
      hypoplastic lungs were studied for their development of bronchial cartilage
      plates and peripheral air spaces. In 6 lungs from premature infants with
      oligohydramnios, normal amounts of immature and irregularly shaped cartilages
      were distributed with mitoses concentrated toward the periphery of the bronchi.
      Pulmonary acini appeared markedly immature. In 5 lungs from infants with
      diaphragmatic hernia, large numbers of cartilage bars were clustered around the
      proximal bronchi, whose branching was much reduced. Peripheral air spaces were
      small but structurally mature. In Potter syndrome, small amounts of tiny, mature
      cartilages were observed irregularly around the proximal bronchi and poorly
      distributed into the peripheral bronchi. The acinar structure was very immature.
      In 4 anencephalic infants, a marked decrease in the volume of mature cartilage
      was present, with cartilage seen only around proximal bronchi; the acini were
      atelectatic and less well developed. It is suggested that the earlier the action
      of a teratogen, the greater the abnormality of bronchial branching, cartilage
      distribution, and later lung development.

PMID- 3399457
TI  - Binding of peanut agglutinin to neuroblastomas and ganglioneuromas: a marker for
      differentiation of neuroblasts into ganglion cells.
AB  - Binding of peanut agglutinin (PNA), concanavalin A, Ricinus communis agglutinin,
      wheat germ agglutinin, soybean agglutinin, Ulex europaeus agglutinin 1, and
      Dolichos biflorus agglutinin was assessed in tissue sections of 4 cases of
      neuroblastoma (NB) to determine whether there were any differences in lectin
      binding among immature neuroblasts, maturing neuroblasts, and ganglion cells.
      Only PNA binding proved to be useful. This was assessed more fully in 17 cases of
      NB and 7 ganglioneuromas. PNA bound to immature neuroblasts in only 4 of 12
      stroma-poor NB but to maturing neuroblasts and ganglion cells in 5 of 5 stroma
      rich NB. PNA bound to ganglion cells in all 7 ganglioneuromas. The NB were
      categorized as favorable (7 cases) and unfavorable (10 cases), using the
      patients' ages and the histologic appearance and mitotic-karyorrhetic index of
      the resected tumor, and this was correlated with PNA binding. PNA bound to 6 of 7
      NB with a favorable, and 3 of 10 with an unfavorable histologic type of NB (p
      less than 0.05). These studies suggest that neuroblasts acquire the capacity to
      bind to PNA as they differentiate into ganglion cells and that PNA binding is
      indicative of a favorable histologic type of NB.

PMID- 3399458
TI  - Atypical infantile spinomuscular atrophy presenting as acute diaphragmatic
      paralysis.
AB  - Two infants with progressive spinomuscular atrophy presented with severe
      diaphragmatic dysfunction, increasing to 9 the number of cases with this
      clinically distinctive variant of Werdnig-Hoffmann disease. The anterior horn
      cell lesion was generalized but was exceptionally severe in the cervical spinal
      cord of our cases. Fiber size disproportion in serial thigh muscle samples
      indicated that qualitative neuronal dysfunction preceded appearance of typical
      denervation. Shoulder girdle muscle biopsy may be more appropriate in these
      infants, whose prognosis appears to be universally poor.

PMID- 3399459
TI  - Pulmonary embolism. Strategy for evaluation and treatment of patients at
      increased risk.
AB  - Pulmonary embolism is a common clinical problem, particularly in hospitalized
      patients. Its recognition is difficult because no single sign, symptom, or
      laboratory test is diagnostic for its presence. A high index of suspicion must be
      maintained for predisposed patients. The diagnostic algorithm presented here
      suggests an approach to definitive assessment. Anticoagulation, the management of
      choice, is highly effective in reducing thromboembolic deaths and in preventing
      recurrent pulmonary embolism. Low-dose anticoagulant therapy may also be
      preventive.

PMID- 3399460
TI  - Bulimia nervosa. Uncovering a secret disorder.
AB  - Bulimia nervosa is a common eating disorder among women. Sociocultural and
      interpersonal pressures are thought to be highly influential in the development
      of the syndrome. An association with depression has also been suggested.
      Recognizing bulimia nervosa is usually difficult, because patients are hesitant
      to reveal their symptoms. If the condition is diagnosed early in its course, the
      prognosis is more favorable. Use of tricyclic antidepressants and psychotherapy
      is the accepted treatment regimen.

PMID- 3399461
TI  - Unexplained acute changes in behavior. When to think of stroke.

PMID- 3399463
TI  - Joint problems in the elderly. How to help patients cope.
AB  - Osteoarthritis (degenerative joint disease) is almost always present to some
      degree in persons over 60 years of age. It may also occur earlier in life because
      of genetic predisposition, hormonal dysfunction, or previous trauma. Concomitant
      forms of arthritis must be differentiated from osteoarthritis and properly
      treated. Management of osteoarthritis starts with patient education on moderating
      activity and avoiding local joint stresses. Caution in use of nonsteroidal
      antiinflammatory drugs is essential. Local injection of corticosteroids in small
      amounts into particularly symptomatic joints may yield long-term or repeatable
      local relief. When an adequate trial of conservative measures fails to preserve
      or permit reasonably moderate function of a joint, surgical correction must be
      considered.

PMID- 3399462
TI  - Free needles for addicts?

PMID- 3399466
TI  - How to make consultations work.
AB  - The consultation process exists to improve patient care in an era of medical
      complexities, but breakdowns in the process are common because of poor
      communication and inadequate physician education on the subject. The referring
      physician and the consultant both need to assume important responsibilities if
      quality patient care is to be ensured. The referring physician has to establish
      the reasons for and urgency of the consultation, communicate them to the
      consultant, and supply appropriate clinical information. The consultant has to
      determine the questions being asked, evaluate the patient, and communicate the
      findings and recommendations back to the referring physician. Whenever possible,
      the patient should be included in the decision-making process.

PMID- 3399464
TI  - Immunization of the elderly. A vital part of routine healthcare.
AB  - The vaccines recommended for routine use in healthy elderly persons (influenza
      vaccine, pneumococcal vaccine, tetanus-diphtheria toxoid) have benefits far
      outweighing any risks, yet they are under-utilized. Every patient visit to a
      healthcare provider presents an opportunity for assessment of the patient's
      immune status, but preventive care for the elderly is often neglected. Elderly
      patients are willing to change their habits to maintain good health. The success
      of any program aimed at protecting this age-group is dependent on a change in
      habit by the physicians and institutions that provide their healthcare.

PMID- 3399465
TI  - Stepwise detoxification from cocaine. A promising regimen.
AB  - Cocaine dependence may not respond to behavioral and self-help treatment because
      of alterations in neurochemistry, particularly the catecholamine system. Thus,
      medical detoxification using a stepwise approach and several different
      therapeutic agents is often needed to assist the patient in achieving a cocaine
      free state. An outpatient regimen includes regular clinic attendance, urine
      testing, education of patient and family, psychological evaluation, and a three-
      to four-week counseling program. Continued use of medication may be advisable for
      four to six months. Re-treatment is encouraged if relapse occurs.

PMID- 3399467
TI  - Perioperative hypertension. The primary care physician's role.
AB  - Questions concerning the proper management of hypertension in surgical patients
      often arise in primary care practice. Currently available literature and our own
      clinical experience lead us to make the following recommendations. 1. Continue
      antihypertensive therapy up to and including the morning of surgery, when the
      dose should be given with a small sip of water. 2. If possible, adjust
      antihypertensive therapy so blood pressure is less than 160/90 mm Hg for at least
      two weeks prior to surgery. 3. Discontinue all monoamine oxidase inhibitors at
      least one week prior to surgery and substitute alternative antihypertensive or
      antidepressant medication as necessary. 4. Be attentive to the patient's
      preoperative volume status and any evidence of cardiovascular disease. 5. In
      patients with postoperative hypertension, search for specific aggravating factors
      and treat them primarily. 6. Discuss with the anesthesiologist any difficulties
      in blood pressure control.

PMID- 3399468
TI  - Four related fibrosing diseases. When you find one, look for another.
AB  - Peyronie's disease, Dupuytren's contracture, aponeurotic plantar fibrosis, and
      knuckle pads are fibrosing diseases with many common features. Recognition of
      these disorders and their interrelationships will result in rewarding discoveries
      and, quite possibly, in earlier treatment when disease is more responsive.

PMID- 3399469
TI  - Insulin pump evaluation available.

PMID- 3399470
TI  - Using the Heimlich maneuver to save near-drowning victims.
AB  - Flooding of the lungs occurs routinely in drowning victims. The cause of death in
      90% of them is hypoxemia caused by water in the lungs. Mouth-to-mouth ventilation
      is ineffective until the water is removed. The Heimlich maneuver expels aspirated
      water, vomitus, debris, and other foreign matter. In treating near-drowning
      victims, place the victim in the supine position with head turned to the side and
      perform the Heimlich maneuver to evacuate water from the lungs, unless you know
      water is not in the respiratory tract. The Heimlich maneuver is a form of
      artificial respiration. It elevates the diaphragm, increasing intrathoracic
      pressure and compressing the lungs, and should be performed intermittently until
      all water is expelled. It is an especially useful technique because fear of
      contagion sometimes deters rescuers from using mouth-to-mouth ventilation .
      Further treatment has not been necessary in most instances. If the victim does
      not recover after water ceases to flow from the mouth, ventilation techniques,
      cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and other measures as indicated should be used.

PMID- 3399471
TI  - Low Apgar scores and birth asphyxia. Misconceptions that promote undeserved
      negligence suits.
AB  - The temptation to specify cause-and-effect relationships in cases of neurologic
      handicap has created a number of misconceptions that have stimulated
      irresponsible malpractice litigation focusing on childbirth. Paradoxically, the
      number of such lawsuits is on the increase, even though obstetric and neonatal
      care has improved dramatically since Virginia Apgar introduced her scoring system
      in 1953. Nowadays, no evidence of intrapartum hypoxia is found in the majority of
      newborns who require resuscitation. Consequently, the value of using the Apgar
      score as an index for assessing asphyxia should be vigorously questioned. It
      should also be stressed that asphyxial damage may occur without respiratory
      depression. The recent proliferation of articles linking fetal scalp or cord
      blood evidence of metabolic acidosis to birth asphyxia threatens to create
      another legal booby trap. Although the development of fetal metabolic acidosis
      reflects oxygen deprivation, this fact should not be misconstrued to mean that
      any degree of oxygen deprivation can damage the brain. Available data make it
      quite clear that the fetus can sustain transient episodes of hypoxemia without
      ill effects. In those neonates born with low Apgar scores, cord blood gases
      should be measured to exclude hypoxemia. Securing such data can protect
      practitioners from subsequent legal inquiry. Routine determination of cord blood
      gases is not recommended, however, because a substantial number of newborns who
      are born acidotic have normal Apgar scores.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3399473
TI  - Unusual reaction to trifluoperazine.
AB  - A 19-year-old woman, recently discharged from the hospital and being treated for
      schizophrenia, presented with an unusual reaction to trifluoperazine. She
      complained of nausea and vomiting and experienced bilateral swelling of the
      tongue. Symptoms subsided when the medication was discontinued. Although dystonic
      reactions to high doses of phenothiazines are not uncommon, we postulate that
      this case represented an unusual allergic reaction to the medication.

PMID- 3399472
TI  - Impotence. Assessment in the private-practice office.
AB  - Impotence can have a psychogenic or organic basis, or a combination of both. Many
      times the partial erection or inability to maintain the erection is at least
      somewhat the result of the aging process. Once the cause has been established,
      through careful history taking and appropriate testing, the physician, along with
      the patient and his partner, can choose the most desirable treatment method. With
      patience and realistic expectations, the patient can usually achieve a
      satisfactory resolution of the problem.

PMID- 3399475
TI  - Beta 2-mediated changes in central haemodynamics, coronary circulation and
      myocardial metabolism in canine.
AB  - The combined effect of terbutaline on systemic and coronary circulation was
      investigated in dogs to clarify its influence on myocardial oxygen supply and
      lactate balance. The dogs were anaesthetized and the chest opened. Coronary sinus
      blood flow and cardiac output were monitored by thermodilution, aortic pressure
      was measured by tip-transducer and heart rate by RR-interval on ECG, coronary
      sinus blood were analyzed for lactate, oxygen and carbon dioxide. Terbutaline
      caused a substantial systemic vasodilation and an increased heart rate, the total
      external cardiac work increased to a minor degree. Terbutaline increased arterial
      lactate concentration. Coronary vascular resistance was reduced after
      terbutaline. Even if myocardial perfusion pressure was reduced and an increased
      external cardiac work was present, no signs of myocardial distress was observed
      in lactate metabolism or coronary sinus oxygen content. In fact a tendency to
      increased myocardial aerobic metabolism was observed, as myocardial lactate
      consumption increased after terbutaline. Terbutaline seems to be a coronary
      vasodilator in dogs. However, the demand for oxygen secondary to both an increase
      in cardiac work and aerobic metabolism can be hazardous to the potentially
      ischaemic myocardium.

PMID- 3399474
TI  - The disposition of chloramphenicol in colostrum-fed and colostrum-deprived
      newborn pigs.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of chloramphenicol (CAP) were studied in four colostrum
      deprived and 4 colostrum-fed newborn piglets after an intravenous bolus dose of
      CAP, 77 mumol kg-1 (25 mg kg-1). The elimination half-lives in the colostrum
      deprived piglets had a tendency to be longer (17.2 +/- 3.9 hrs) than in the
      colostrum-fed piglets (12.7 +/- 1.1 hrs) and in both groups they were
      considerably longer than reported in older pigs. The long half-lives of CAP in
      the newborn pigs were a reflexion of very low clearance (Cl) values, 0.0391 +/-
      0.007 and 0.0512 +/- 0.007 1 kg-1 hr-1, in the two groups, while the volume of
      distribution was of the same size in the two groups, 0.9549 +/- 0.247 and 0.9411
      +/- 0.211 1 kg-1. The protein binding of CAP in pooled piglet plasma was
      concentration dependent, 53-45%, (P less than 0.001) in the concentration range
      31-232 microM (10-75 micrograms ml-1) and the binding degree was significantly
      higher in plasma from colostrum deprived piglets, 53.0 +/- 0.8% compared to
      plasma from colostrum fed, 47.5 +/- 1.3% (P less than 0.01).

PMID- 3399476
TI  - The effect of different storage conditions on the chemical stability, laxative
      effect and acute toxicity of sennoside solutions.
AB  - This paper investigates the effect of different storage conditions on the
      chemical stability, laxative effect and acute toxicity of sennoside solutions.
      The variables in storage conditions were pH, time and temperature (room
      temperature or 100 degrees). The chemical stability of sennosides in aqueous
      solutions was found to be pH-dependent, with the best stability at pH 6.5 (t90. =
      8.4 months) and the poorest at pH 8.0 (t90. = 2.5 months). Two years of storage
      at room temperature did not reduce the laxative potency in mice, regardless of
      the pH. After 4.25 years of storage the potency declined in alkaline solutions
      only. The degradation products with laxative potencies are chemically unknown.
      The acute toxicity of sennoside solutions increased with time during storage, the
      acid solution being more toxic than either the neutral or alkaline ones.

PMID- 3399477
TI  - Mechanisms of absorption of inorganic mercury from rat small intestine. I.
      Solvent drag effect on absorption of inorganic mercury.
AB  - A correlation of mercury absorption with water absorption was investigated by
      using the perfusion of rat small intestine with buffers containing 10(-4) M
      HgCl2. With a decrease in the osmolarity of the buffers or with increases in the
      sodium ion and urea concentrations in the buffers, absorption of water and
      mercury and accumulation of mercury in the intestinal tissue increased, and the
      increases in mercury absorption and accumulation were found to correlate with the
      increase in water absorption. Both the decrease in osmolarity and the increase in
      sodium ion concentration increased mercury accumulation in the epithelial cell
      after the perfusion. But these changes did not alter the mercury distribution in
      subcellular fractions. The results suggest that the increase in water absorption
      due to the hyptonicity or the increase in concentration of sodium ion or urea
      increases the mercury absorption and accumulation in the epithelial cell without
      change in the distributional pattern of mercury in the cell.

PMID- 3399478
TI  - [Magnetic resonance tomography of the retro-stenotic syndrome].

PMID- 3399480
TI  - Decision making during the prenatal diagnostic procedure. A questionnaire and
      interview study of 211 women participating in prenatal diagnosis.
AB  - Counselling in connection with prenatal diagnosis (PND) is a common task for the
      obstetrician and the midwife. However, the decision making processes of pregnant
      women are not completely known, for instance, the questions of women's autonomy,
      the decision on how to act in the case of an abnormal test, and the partner's
      participation in the decision. A questionnaire and interview study was carried
      out among 211 women undergoing PND by amniocentesis or chorionic villus biopsy.
      Most women in the sample indicated that PND was completely voluntary. However, at
      the same time almost every woman reported that it was difficult to decline from
      PND when offered. Even before the visit to register at the antenatal clinic, most
      of the women (83 per cent) had made up their minds to have PND. At the time of
      the test, many of the participants (62 per cent) had decided in favour of a legal
      abortion if the test indicated an abnormality in the fetus. At the same time,
      however, the data indicate a need for reflection and ambivalence, which the
      medical staff have to accept. In the questionnaire most of the women stated that
      they and their partners had similar attitudes towards PND, but when interviewed
      38 per cent of the women admitted some differences between their own attitudes
      and their partners'. Although some women reported considerable deliberation and
      ambivalence, most of them said that they would undergo PND in another pregnancy.

PMID- 3399479
TI  - [Pulmonary actinomycosis with pericardial infiltration--a case report].

PMID- 3399481
TI  - Trisomy 7 in chorionic villi: follow-up studies of pregnancy, normal child, and
      placental clonal anomalies.
AB  - Cytogenetic study of chorionic villi sampled because of advanced maternal age
      revealed, after overnight culture, an apparently non-mosaic trisomy 7.
      Amniocentesis showed exclusively normal mitoses, and the pregnancy continued
      normally. One hundred mitoses from cord blood of the normal newborn revealed a
      non-mosaic 46,XX complement. No cells with a proven trisomy 7 were found in
      cultures from either of two biopsies of the morphologically normal placenta, but
      the peripheral biopsy showed in multiple cultures an abnormal clone: 47,XX, +20, 
      2, -21, +t(2;21)(p13;q22). To our knowledge, this is the first case of non-mosaic
      trisomy 7 detected on CVS which has had follow-up studies of amniotic fluid, cord
      blood, and term placenta.

PMID- 3399482
TI  - Prenatal diagnosis of a de novo unbalanced translocation (4p+) following in vitro
      fertilization.
AB  - We report herein a de novo unbalanced chromosome translocation in a fetus
      resulting from in vitro fertilization technology. Prenatal diagnostic analysis of
      an amniotic fluid revealed a 46,XX,4p+ karyotype. The origin of the extra
      material on the short arm of chromosome 4 could not be identified by a variety of
      banding techniques. However, examination of fetal parts did reveal some
      dysmorphic features.

PMID- 3399483
TI  - Multiple sulphatase deficiency: prenatal diagnosis using chorionic villi.
AB  - Multiple sulphatase deficiency was diagnosed in the first trimester of pregnancy
      by demonstrating markedly reduced activities of arylsulphatases and heparin
      sulphamidase by direct assays on chorionic villi (CV). The diagnosis was
      confirmed by assays on cell cultures of villi and fetal skin fibroblasts. Two
      further pregnancies of this mother were monitored similarly and predicted to be
      unaffected; one produced a normal healthy infant, the other miscarried shortly
      after CV sampling.

PMID- 3399484
TI  - Prenatal diagnosis of carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase deficiency by fetal liver
      biopsy.
AB  - In a pregnancy at risk for carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase (CPS) deficiency,
      prenatal diagnosis was attempted by fetal liver biopsy, performed at 18 weeks of
      gestation. CPS activity was absent and the diagnosis was confirmed after
      termination of the pregnancy. The technique employed for fetal liver biopsy is
      described together with an evaluation of its possible role in prenatal diagnosis.

PMID- 3399485
TI  - Rapid karyotyping for prenatal diagnosis in the second and third trimesters of
      pregnancy.
AB  - Direct chromosome preparations were performed on placental villi obtained by
      ultrasound-guided needle aspiration between 18 and 37 weeks of pregnancy in 53
      patients. The sampling yielded a sufficient amount of tissue with a maximum of
      two, and in most cases one, insertions. Placental biopsy is easily performed in
      cases of severe oligohydrammnios, where fetal blood sampling is usually more
      difficult. Direct karyotyping of placental villi is faster than chromosome
      analysis from fetal blood or application of the pipette method on amniotic fluid
      cells, and currently represents the most rapid approach to prenatal diagnosis of
      chromosomal abnormalities from the first to the third trimester of pregnancy.

PMID- 3399486
TI  - Another false-negative finding on placental sampling.

PMID- 3399487
TI  - Coincubation--an experimental approach to the study of decidual-trophoblast
      interaction.
AB  - Coincubation of trophoblast and decidual tissue explants was used for the study
      of placental-endometrial interaction in early pregnancy. To this end two types of
      experiments were performed: coincubation with (type A) and without (type B)
      direct tissue contact. The rate of incorporation of [14C]leucine into cytosol
      proteins in both tissues was employed for the estimation of total protein
      synthesis. Prolactin production in vitro was used as a specific marker of the
      decidual and hCG of the trophoblast cell function. The results show that the type
      A coincubation experiments produced a strong inhibition of cytosol protein
      synthesis in both tissues. PRL production by the decidual tissue and hCG
      production by the trophoblast tissue was reduced. In the type B coincubation
      experiments protein synthesis and prolactin production by the decidual tissue
      remained within the control range. In the trophoblast tissue explants protein
      synthesis and hCG production were depressed. The degree of inhibition was,
      however, lower than that in type-A experiments. Based on these results it was
      concluded that the in vitro model of coincubation of trophoblast and decidual
      tissue explants is suitable for the study of the role of tissue interactions in
      vitro.

PMID- 3399488
TI  - Sodium gradient-dependent phosphate transport in placental brush border membrane
      vesicles.
AB  - We recently described a sodium gradient-dependent transport of phosphate through
      the brush border membrane vesicles from human placenta. In order to characterize
      this transport carrier further, we studied the influence of temperature and
      membrane potential on the transport of this electrolyte, the stoichiometry of the
      sodium-phosphate interaction, and the interrelationship between phosphate uptake
      and other sodium-dependent systems. Temperature influenced phosphate uptake by
      changing the maximal velocity and the affinity of the carrier for the substrate.
      The Arrhenius plot for uptake velocity exhibited an abrupt breakpoint at 28.6
      degrees C, suggesting that membrane fluidity is a factor in phosphate uptake.
      Increasing the sodium concentration in the incubation medium augmented the
      phosphate uptake according to a sigmoid curve, and the Hill plot analysis of
      these data indicates that at least two sodium ions are transported with each
      phosphate radical. The effect of membrane potential on phosphate uptake was
      studied by inducing potassium diffusion with valinomycin and by using various
      sodium salts with different anion conductance in the incubation medium. In both
      series of experiments, the inside-negative potential significantly enhanced
      phosphate uptake. We concluded that the phosphate-sodium cotransport is an
      electrogenic process, a conclusion which is compatible with the observation that
      at least two sodium ions accompany each phosphate radical. Glycine, alanine and
      proline all inhibited phosphate uptake according to an uncompetitive type of
      inhibition. In contrast, the addition of glucose to the incubation medium had no
      effect.

PMID- 3399490
TI  - Membrane potential and input resistance in syncytiotrophoblast of human term
      placenta in vitro.
AB  - Direct measurements of electrical potential and input resistance were performed
      on the syncytial membrane facing maternal blood. The potentials varied according
      to the external potassium ion levels and, to a lesser extent, with sodium ion
      concentrations. Ouabain provoked a rapid and consistent depolarization which
      indicates an electrogenic component. Amiloride slightly hyperpolarized the
      membrane, confirming the predominant role of potassium ions in the control of the
      diffusional component of the membrane potential. The electrical potential
      revealed in this study might play a part in the maternofetal transport of ions.

PMID- 3399491
TI  - Ultrastructure of cultured rat placental cells.
AB  - Rat placental cells (RPCs) derived from explants of gestation day 12
      chorioallantoic placental primordia were propagated as ascites RPCs and as in
      vitro cultured RPCs. Although the morphological characteristics of ascites RPCs
      and in vitro cultured RPCs differed markedly by light microscopy, evaluation by
      electron microscopy revealed that all RPCs were epithelioid. Morphological
      differences at the light microscope level were attributable to environmental
      conditions. When RPCs were compared with placental cells in situ, RPC
      characteristics most closely resembled those of layer-one trophoblast cells
      (germinal cytotrophoblast) present in the labyrinthine region of the placenta.
      RPCs, which appear to be a relatively homogeneous population of trophoblast
      cells, may be valuable tools for evaluating the relationships between maternal
      and fetal cells during pregnancy and for studying the growth and differentiation
      of extraembryonic cells.

PMID- 3399489
TI  - Characterization of placental lactogen release from perifused human trophoblast
      cells.
AB  - The dynamics of the release of human placental lactogen (hPL) under basal
      conditions and response to various secretogogues has been studied in perifused
      enriched hPL-producing cells from term placentae prepared by the isopycnic
      centrifugation of collagenase/hyaluronidase-dispersed placental cells on Percoll
      gradients. Under basal conditions, the perifused cells released hPL at a
      relatively constant rate for up to 24 h in culture. The mean rates of hPL release
      from cells (5 x 10(6) cells) from 18 normal full-term placentae varied from 1.8
      to 20.2 ng/5 min (mean 7.7 ng/5 min). The cells from term placentae, however, did
      not release detectable amounts of chorionic gonadotrophin or the cytosolic
      enzymes lactic dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase. The amounts of hPL
      released by the perifused cells were inversely related to cell density with mean
      rates of hPL release by 2, 5, and 10 x 10(6) cells of 15.8, 8.6, and 5.7 ng/10(6)
      cells/0.5 h. The perifused cells responded to provocative stimuli (high-density
      lipoproteins (HDL), apolipoproteins AI, AII, and CI, partially purified hPL
      releasing factor, phorbol esters, sn-1,2-diacylglycerol, and cAMP) in a manner
      qualitatively similar to enriched trophoblast cells and placental explants in
      static culture. Release of hPL in response to HDL, apoproteins AI, AII, and CI,
      and partially purified hPL-releasing factor was dose-dependent and occurred
      within 5 min of exposure. Basal and stimulated hPL release by perifused
      trophoblast cells that had been previously frozen at -70 degrees C for four weeks
      was identical to that of freshly dispersed cells from the same placenta. These
      experiments indicate that perifused trophoblast cells may be used as a model
      system to examine the dynamics of hPL release under basal conditions and in
      response to provocative stimuli.

PMID- 3399492
TI  - Human trophoblast cells cultured in modified medium and supported by
      extracellular matrix.
AB  - This paper describes a culture procedure which consistently yields 80 to 90 per
      cent trophoblast from human first-trimester placentae. The trophoblast cells are
      selected and maintained but there is no increase in proliferation. The cultured
      cells are found to resemble extravillous rather than villous trophoblast in their
      immunocytochemical characteristics. This technique provides a means of obtaining
      human trophoblast cells with a sufficient degree of homogeneity and viability to
      be used for in vitro experiments.

PMID- 3399493
TI  - Aspects of in vitro placental perfusion: effects of hyperoxia and phenol red.
AB  - The study of a number of parameters of placental function indicated that the
      perfused human placental lobe maintained its structural and functional integrity
      when PO2 levels in buffer perfusate were near physiological values, despite low
      O2 consumption. High O2 content in the perfusate may reduce placental transfer
      either through a direct vasoconstrictor effect or in combination with the
      destruction of vascular cyclo-oxygenase, resulting in the reduced synthesis of
      the vasodilator prostacyclin. A similar mechanism may be involved in the
      reduction of placental transfer observed in the presence of phenol red. These
      studies suggest that aspects of in vitro methodologies which may relate to
      prostaglandin production deserve careful consideration and further study.

PMID- 3399494
TI  - Peptide synthesis catalyzed by polyethylene glycol-modified chymotrypsin in
      organic solvents.
AB  - Chymotrypsin modified with polyethylene glycol was successfully used for peptide
      synthesis in organic solvents. The benzene-soluble modified enzyme readily
      catalyzed both aminolysis of N-benzoyl-L-tyrosine p-nitroanilide and synthesis of
      N-benzoyl-L-tyrosine butylamide in the presence of trace amounts of water. A
      quantitative reaction was obtained when either hydrophobic or bulky amides of L-
      as well as D-amino acids were used as acceptor nucleophiles, while almost no
      reaction occurred with free amino acids or ester derivatives. The acceptor
      nucleophile specificity of modified chymotrypsin as a catalyst in the formation
      of both amide and peptide bonds in organic solvents was quite comparable to that
      in aqueous solution as well as to that of the leaving group in hydrolysis
      reactions. By contrast, the substrate specificity of modified chymotrypsin in
      organic solvents was different from that in water since arginine and lysine
      esters were found to be as effective as aromatic amino acids to form the acyl
      enzyme with subsequent synthesis of a peptide bond.

PMID- 3399495
TI  - Identification of structural motifs from protein coordinate data: secondary
      structure and first-level supersecondary structure.
AB  - A computer program is described that produces a description of the secondary
      structure and supersecondary structure of a polypeptide chain using the list of
      alpha carbon coordinates as input. Restricting the term "secondary structure" to
      the conformation of contiguous segments of the chain, the program determines the
      initial and final residues in helices, extended strands, sharp turns, and omega
      loops. This is accomplished through the use of difference distance matrices. The
      distances in idealized models of the segments are compared with the actual
      structure, and the differences are evaluated for agreement within preset limits.
      The program assigns 90-95% of the residues in most proteins to at least one type
      of secondary element. In a second step the now-defined helices and strands are
      idealized as straight line segments, and the axial directions and locations are
      compiled from the input C alpha coordinate list. These data are used to check for
      moderate curvature in strands and helices, and the secondary structure list is
      corrected where necessary. The geometric relations between these line segments
      are then calculated and output as the first level of supersecondary structure. A
      maximum of six parameters are required for a complete description of the
      relations between each pair. Frequently a less complete description will suffice,
      for example just the interaxial separation and angle. Both the secondary
      structure and one aspect of the supersecondary structure can be displayed in a
      character matrix analogous to the distance matrix format. This allows a quite
      accurate two-dimensional display of the three-dimensional structure, and several
      examples are presented. A procedure for searching for arbitrary substructures in
      proteins using distance matrices is also described. A search for the DNA binding
      helix-turn-helix motif in the Protein Data Bank serves as an example. A further
      abstraction of the above data can be made in the form of a metamatrix where each
      diagonal element represents an entire secondary segment rather than a single
      atom, and the off-diagonal elements contain all the parameters describing their
      interrelations. Such matrices can be used in a straightforward search for higher
      levels of supersecondary structure or used in toto as a representation of the
      entire tertiary structure of the polypeptide chain.

PMID- 3399496
TI  - Catalysis of a stereospecific bimolecular amide synthesis by an antibody.
AB  - We report a nonhydrolytic bimolecular aminolysis reaction catalyzed by an
      antibody. The stereospecific formation of an amide from racemic lactone plus an
      aromatic amine is described by a random equilibrium bireactant kinetic sequence.
      The observed turnover rate may be approximated from the measured difference
      between the binding of reactants and the transition state analog.

PMID- 3399497
TI  - Geometrical aspects of the frustration in the cubic phases of lyotropic liquid
      crystals.
AB  - Bicontinuous cubic phases, composed of bilayers arranged in the geometries of
      periodic minimal surfaces, are found in a variety of different lipid/water
      systems. It has been suggested recently that these cubic structures arrive as the
      result of competition between two free-energy terms: the curvature energy of each
      monolayer and the stretching energy of the lipid chains. This scenario, closely
      analogous to the one that explains the origin of the hexagonal phases, is
      investigated here by means of simple geometrical calculations. It is first
      assumed that the lipid bilayer is of constant thickness and the distribution of
      the (local) mean curvature of the phospholipid-water interfaces is calculated.
      Then, assuming the mean curvature of these interfaces is constant, the
      distribution of the bilayer's thickness is calculated. Both calculations quantify
      the fact that the two energy terms are frustrated and cannot be satisfied
      simultaneously. However, the amount of the frustration can be smaller for the
      cubic phase than for the lamellar and hexagonal structures. Therefore, this phase
      can appear in the phase diagram between the other two, as observed in many recent
      experiments.

PMID- 3399498
TI  - Synthetic peptide vaccine design: synthesis and properties of a high-density
      multiple antigenic peptide system.
AB  - A convenient and versatile approach to the direct synthesis of a peptide-antigen
      matrix by the solid-phase method is described. The approach is called the
      multiple antigen peptide system (MAP) and it utilizes a simple scaffolding of a
      low number of sequential levels (n) of a trifunctional amino acid as the core
      matrix and 2n peptide antigens to form a macromolecule with a high density of
      peptide antigens of final Mr 10,000. The MAP model chosen for study was an octa
      branching MAP consisting of a core matrix made up of three levels of lysine and
      eight amino terminals for anchoring peptide antigens. The MAP, containing both
      the core matrix and peptides of 9-16 amino acids, was prepared in a single
      synthesis by the solid-phase method. Six different MAPs elicited specific
      antibodies in rabbits and mice, of which five produced antibodies that reacted
      with their corresponding native proteins. In rabbits, the sera had a considerably
      higher titer of antibodies than sera prepared from the same peptides anchored
      covalently to keyhole limpet hemocyanin as carrier. Thus, the MAP provided a
      general, but chemically unambiguous, approach for the preparation of carrier
      bound antigens of predetermined and reproducible structure and might be suitable
      for generating vaccines.

PMID- 3399499
TI  - Probing the peptide binding site of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase by using a
      peptide-based photoaffinity label.
AB  - A peptide-based photoaffinity label for the catalytic subunit of the cAMP
      dependent protein kinase was prepared from the amino acid p-benzoyl-L
      phenylalanine [L-Phe(pBz)]. By using solid-phase peptide synthesis methodology,
      DL-Phe(pBz) was incorporated into the cAMP-dependent protein kinase substrate Leu
      Arg-Arg-Ala-Ser-Leu-Gly in place of the phosphorylatable serine. The
      diastereomeric peptides were separated by reverse-phase HPLC. The peptide
      substrate analog containing L-Phe(pBz) had a Ki of approximately 110 microM at pH
      7.5. When photolyzed at 350 nm in the presence of the enzyme, this peptide caused
      time- and concentration-dependent inactivation. Radioactive acetylated L-Phe(pBz)
      peptide was used to establish the binding stoichiometry of peptide to enzyme;
      these results, together with protection experiments, showed the photoaffinity
      labeling to be specific (approximately 1:1). To identify the residues that were
      modified on the catalytic subunit, the photoinactivated enzyme was cleaved with
      CNBr and V8 protease (Staphylococcus aureus). The resulting peptide fragments
      were purified by HPLC and were sequenced; these experiments identified the
      modified residues as Gly-125 and Met-127. This region of the cAMP-dependent
      protein kinase catalytic subunit contains many residues that are conserved in
      serine- and tyrosine-protein kinases.

PMID- 3399500
TI  - Sequence, tissue distribution, and chromosomal localization of mRNA encoding a
      human glucose transporter-like protein.
AB  - cDNA clones encoding a glucose transporter-like protein have been isolated from
      adult human liver and kidney cDNA libraries by cross-hybridization with the human
      HepG2/erythrocyte glucose transporter cDNA. Analysis of the sequence of this 524
      amino acid glucose transporter-like protein indicates that it has 55.5% identity
      with the HepG2/erythrocyte glucose transporter as well as a similar structural
      organization. Studies of the tissue distribution of the mRNA coding for this
      glucose transporter-like protein in adult human tissues indicate that the highest
      amounts are present in liver with lower amounts in kidney and small intestine.
      The amounts of glucose transporter-like mRNA in other tissues, including colon,
      stomach, cerebrum, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue, were below the level of
      sensitivity of our assay. The single-copy gene encoding this glucose transporter
      like protein has been localized to the q26.1----q26.3 region of chromosome 3.

PMID- 3399501
TI  - Selective destruction of protein function by chromophore-assisted laser
      inactivation.
AB  - Chromophore-assisted laser inactivation of protein function has been achieved.
      After a protein binds a specific ligand or antibody conjugated with malachite
      green (C.I. 42,000), it is selectively inactivated by laser irradiation at a
      wavelength of light absorbed by the dye but not significantly absorbed by
      cellular components. Ligand-bound proteins in solution and on the surfaces of
      cells can be denatured without other proteins in the same samples being affected.
      Chromophore-assisted laser inactivation can be used to study cell surface
      phenomena by inactivating the functions of single proteins on living cells, a
      molecular extension of cellular laser ablation. It has an advantage over genetics
      and the use of specific inhibitors in that the protein function of a single cell
      within the organism can be inactivated by focusing the laser beam.

PMID- 3399502
TI  - Evidence that a glycolipid tail anchors antigen 117 to the plasma membrane of
      Dictyostelium discoideum cells.
AB  - We describe the biochemical features of the putative cell cohesion molecule
      antigen 117, indicating that it is anchored to the plasma membrane by a
      glycolipid tail. Antigen 117 can be radiolabeled with [3H]myristate,
      [3H]palmitate, and [14C]ethanolamine. The fatty acid label is removed by
      periodate oxidation and nitrous acid deamination, indicating that the fatty acid
      is attached to the protein by a structure containing carbohydrate and an
      unsubstituted glucosamine. As cells develop aggregation competence, the antigen
      is released from the cell surface in a soluble form that can still be
      radiolabeled with [14C]ethanolamine but not with [3H]myristate or [3H]palmitate.
      The molecular weight of the released antigen is similar to that found in the
      plasma membrane, but it preferentially partitions in Triton X-114 as a
      hydrophilic, as opposed to a hydrophobic, protein. Plasma membranes contain the
      enzyme activity responsible for the release of the antigen in a soluble form.

PMID- 3399504
TI  - Photic modulation of a highly sensitive, near-infrared light-scattering signal
      recorded from intact retinal photoreceptors.
AB  - On stimulation by green flashes, the isolated, aspartate-treated bovine retina
      exhibits transient changes in the scattering of near-infrared (880 nm) light. A
      single component, termed the "ATR" (a flash-induced scattering signal, where ATR
      designates amplified transient-retina), dominates the amplitude and rising-phase
      kinetics of the initial peak of the light-scattering response. Superfusion with
      physiological solution containing low Na+ concentration reversibly abolishes the
      photoreceptor electroretinographic response but preserves the ATR signal,
      indicating a receptoral origin for the ATR. The increase of ATR amplitude
      (A/Amax) with flash intensity (R*/R, where R indicates rhodopsin) is described by
      A/Amax = (1- e-kR*/R), with R*/R = k-1 occurring on generation of approximately
      two photoactivated rhodopsins (R*s) per disc surface in the rod outer segment.
      Weak background light and bright flashes reversibly depress the ATR. Kinetic and
      sensitivity data suggest a basis of the ATR in stochastic, unit activation
      events, each initiated by a single R*. They further suggest an essential
      invariance of the unit event under differing conditions of illumination. A delay,
      apparently governed by the lifetime of a light-activated substance regulating ATR
      generation, precedes ATR recovery after a bright flash. The flash dependence of
      the delay period indicates an upper limit of 3 s for the lifetime of R* in the
      ATR-generating process. The unit event appears to be an R*-catalyzed and disc
      localized reaction of phototransduction.

PMID- 3399506
TI  - Continuous, on-line DNA sequencing using oligodeoxynucleotide primers with
      multiple fluorophores.
AB  - A method for sequencing DNA by using a difluoresceinated primer and laser
      excitation is described. Dideoxy protocols have been determined that provide
      sequences for 600 bases starting with base 1 with less than 1% error in a single
      load. Electrophoresis is at 20 W and the bands are detected 24 cm from the bottom
      of the loading well with a scanning fluorescence detector. Bands are imaged on a
      TV screen in two dimensions. The sequences can be read from the TV screen
      manually or semiautomatically by using a simple software program. The system
      allows more bases to be read with a lower error rate than any other reported
      automated sequencing method.

PMID- 3399503
TI  - Transcription complexes that program Xenopus 5S RNA genes are stable in vivo.
AB  - The long-term stability of transcription complexes on 5S RNA genes has been
      demonstrated in vivo. Complexes on oocyte and somatic-type 5S RNA genes injected
      into Xenopus laevis oocyte nuclei are stable for at least 4 days. Tissue culture
      cells and mature erythrocytes have equivalent numbers of somatic 5S RNA genes
      programmed into transcription complexes, yet the former cell type has a greater
      than 50-fold higher cellular content of transcription factor IIIA (TFIIIA).
      Functional transcription complexes on somatic 5S RNA genes in nucleated
      erythrocytes of Xenopus are stable for weeks, perhaps months, even though a
      mature erythrocyte has less than two molecules of TFIIIA for each somatic 5S RNA
      gene. These findings strengthen our proposal that stable transcription complexes
      are a means of maintaining the differentiated state.

PMID- 3399505
TI  - The hypothyroid (hyt/hyt) mouse: a model system for studying the effects of
      thyroid hormone on developmental changes in gene expression.
AB  - Thyroid hormone has been implicated as an important factor in rodent development.
      We have used a strain of mice with a recessive mutation producing congenital
      primary hypothyroidism (C.RF/J-hyt/+) to study the effects of thyroid hormone on
      developmental changes in the expression of genes encoding a number of proteins
      involved in lipid metabolism and transport. Total cellular RNA was prepared from
      the small intestine and liver of hyt/hyt mice and their unaffected littermates
      (+/?) at various times during postnatal development. RNA blots were probed with
      apolipoprotein A-I, A-II, A-IV, B, and E cDNAs plus cDNAs encoding the low
      density lipoprotein receptor, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase,
      and three cytoplasmic hydrophobic ligand-binding proteins (two fatty acid-binding
      proteins and a protein that binds all-trans-retinol). Hypothyroidism results in
      small changes (1.5- to 5-fold) in the concentration of many of these mRNAs in
      liver and small intestine between postnatal days 15 and 50. A much greater tissue
      specific effect was noted on apolipoprotein B (apoB) gene expression. In
      euthyroid +/? animals, apoB mRNA levels fall by a factor of 30 in liver between
      days 20 and 35 without a comparable decrease in the small intestine. This liver
      specific decrease does not occur in hyt/hyt animals. The normal decrease in
      hepatic apoB mRNA levels is accompanied by a decrease in plasma apoB-100 but not
      apoB-48. No reduction in either form of plasma apoB was noted in hyt/hyt animals.
      Mutant hyt/hyt mice given thyroxine from birth to 35 days had liver apoB mRNA
      levels comparable to those in +/? littermates. In contrast, hepatic apoB mRNA
      concentrations did not fall to normal levels in hyt/hyt mice given thyroxine from
      postnatal days 15 to 35. All treatment groups have comparable levels of plasma
      corticosteroids. These data suggest that (i) there is a critical period or a
      required response time during postnatal development for thyroid hormone action on
      apoB gene expression, (ii) thyroid hormone's effect on apoB is tissue specific,
      and (iii) the hyt/hyt mouse represents a useful system to evaluate the
      developmental effects of thyroid hormone on specific gene expression.

PMID- 3399507
TI  - Direct action of the parathyroid hormone-like human hypercalcemic factor on bone.
AB  - Peptides containing residues 1-34 of the human parathyroid hormone (PTH)-like
      hypercalcemic factor (hHCF), termed hHCF-(1-34)-NH2, produce effects similar to
      those of PTH in several biological systems in vitro and in vivo. However, there
      is conflicting evidence regarding the potency of hHCF on bone and, by
      implication, its role in calcium mobilization and the skeletal contribution to
      tumor-associated hypercalcemia. To resolve this conflict, the effects of infusing
      either hHCF-(1-34)-NH2 or a peptide containing residues 1-34 of bovine PTH [bPTH
      (1-34)] into unrestrained thyroparathyroidectomized rats on a low calcium diet
      were compared. Direct effects on bone histology and serum calcium levels, which
      are totally dependent on calcium mobilization from bone in these animals, were
      examined. bPTH-(1-34) and hHCF-(1-34)-NH2 were equipotent in producing dose
      dependent calcium mobilization from bone. At an infusion rate of 0.1 nmol/hr,
      both peptides produced hypercalcemia and extensive nephrocalcinosis.
      Histomorphometric analysis of tibiae from these animals after 48 hr of peptide
      infusion showed a dose-related increase in osteoclast number from 3-5 cells per
      mm2 at 0.01 nmol/hr to approximately equal to 32 cells per mm2 at 0.1 nmol/hr of
      hHCF or bovine PTH. These findings indicate that hHCF has a direct PTH-like
      effect on bone and, in this model system, the hHCF-(1-34)-NH2 is equipotent to
      bPTH-(1-34).

PMID- 3399510
TI  - [The retention index in gas chromatography I].

PMID- 3399508
TI  - Neuronal activity of the cat supraoptic nucleus is influenced by muscle small
      diameter afferent (groups III and IV) receptors.
AB  - In anesthetized cats, responses of single neurosecretory neurons of the
      supraoptic nucleus to activation of muscle receptors were investigated.
      Electrical stimulation (1-3 pulses at 200 Hz) of group III and IV pure muscle
      afferents (gastrocnemius nerve) evoked excitation of greater than 50% of
      supraoptic nucleus neurons (n = 50), whereas stimulation of group Ia or Ib fibers
      was ineffective. Baroreceptor stimulation inhibited 95% of these supraoptic
      nucleus neurons that responded to activation of muscle afferents. Excitation of
      receptors in the gastrocnemius muscle by intra-arterial injection of chemicals
      (NaCl, KCl, and bradykinin) increased firing rates of most (84%, 74%, and 80%,
      respectively) neurosecretary neurons. The magnitude of the excitatory response
      was dose dependent--bradykinin being the most effective. The response disappeared
      after muscle denervation. When the gastrocnemius muscle alone was contracted
      phasically by ventral root stimulation, discharges of the supraoptic nucleus
      neurons increased, whereas quick stretch of the muscle had no effect. We conclude
      that activation of muscle receptors by chemical or mechanical stimulus can
      directly excite neurosecretory neurons in the supraoptic nucleus and that
      afferent impulses are carried by polymodal fibers of small diameter but not by
      the largest afferents (group I) from the muscle. The results may relate to
      increased concentrations of plasma vasopressin during exercise.

PMID- 3399512
TI  - [Quantitative evaluation of film-screen combinations for x-ray diagnosis].
AB  - The properties of screen/film combinations for radiographs set a lower limit for
      the x-ray exposure of the patient and an upper limit for the quality of the x-ray
      picture. Sensitivity, slope and resolution of different screen/film combinations
      were determined using a measuring phantom which was developed in the PTB. For all
      screens used the measurements show the same relation between screen sensitivity
      and resolution. This allows quantitative evaluation of image quality. A
      classification scheme derived from these results facilitates the selection of
      screen/film combinations for practical use. In addition for quality assurance
      gross differences in material properties and conditions of film development can
      be detected with the aid of the measuring phantom.

PMID- 3399511
TI  - A method for calculating the optimum irradiation condition for intracavitary
      radiotherapy using quadratic programming.
AB  - A method of calculating optimum irradiation conditions for intracavitary
      radiotherapy using quadratic programming has been formulated and then modified
      for practical application. The allowable range of obtained dose, which is usually
      fixed in advance, is automatically computed to be as small as possible. The
      variance of the product of the activity and the irradiation time of the tandem
      source is also minimised to avoid the occurrence of cold and/or hot spots.
      Optimum irradiation conditions for conventional intracavitary radiotherapy of
      carcinoma of the uterine cervix were obtained on the basis of isodose curves
      passed through the points A of the Manchester system. Those for carcinoma of the
      other organs and special cases of carcinoma of the uterine cervix can be
      determined after consideration of the tumour state.

PMID- 3399509
TI  - Calcium oscillations in single adrenal glomerulosa cells stimulated by
      angiotensin II.
AB  - The cytosolic calcium (Ca2+i) response to angiotensin II (Ang II) was examined in
      single rat zona glomerulosa cells by monitoring fura-2 fluorescence with
      microspectrofluorimetry. Ang II concentrations ranged from 5 X 10(-12) to 5 X 10(
      8) M. The mean peak Ca2+i increase was similar at all Ang II concentrations (205
      +/- 11 nM), with a significant difference (P less than 0.05) found only between 5
      X 10(-12) M (151 +/- 16 nM) and 5 X 10(-9) M (236 +/- 24 nM). Striking
      differences over the range of Ang II concentrations were found in the Ca2+i
      response kinetics. A dose-dependent delay of the onset of the Ca2+i response was
      observed ranging from 2.6 +/- 0.3 sec at 5 X 10(-8) M to 181 +/- 27 sec at 5 X
      10(-12) M Ang II. After the delay, cells typically responded with an abrupt
      increase in Ca2+i, complete within 15 sec. At low Ang II concentrations (5 X 10(
      11) and 5 X 10(-12) M), a complex response was often observed consisting of Ca2+i
      oscillations. Higher Ang II concentrations gave some evidence of Ca2+i
      oscillation, especially at 5 X 10(-10) M where oscillations appeared fused. Above
      5 X 10(-10) M Ang II, the initial Ca2+i increase decayed to an apparent steady
      state value 38-40% of the peak response within 5 min; 5 X 10(-10) M Ang II
      produced a smaller decline to 63% of the initial Ca2+i increase. In contrast to
      cell population studies, assessment of individual glomerulosa cells demonstrates
      (i) a dose-dependent delay prior to a rapid increase in Ca2+i; (ii) a similar
      peak increase at most Ang II concentrations; (iii) greater sensitivity of the
      Ca2+i response; and (iv) a complex oscillating Ca2+i response in the
      physiological range of Ang II.

PMID- 3399513
TI  - Influence of skin depth on NMR coil impedance. Part II.
AB  - We present a theoretical description of the interaction between an NMR coil
      system and a lossy conducting sphere. The influence of the finite skin depth or
      RF penetration and the relatively large dielectric constant of biological samples
      on the sample-induced electrical impedance of the coil is treated explicitly. The
      results are shown to be in good agreement with experiment and reduce to the more
      traditional expression for the coil impedance of Hoult and Lauterbur (1979) in
      the low conductivity or small sample size limit.

PMID- 3399514
TI  - In vivo dielectric properties of human skin from 50 MHz to 2.0 GHz.

PMID- 3399515
TI  - Gait comparison of subjects with hemiplegia walking unbraced, with ankle-foot
      orthosis, and with Air-Stirrup brace.
AB  - The effects of the Air-Stirrup (AS) standard ankle brace on the gait of 19
      subjects with hemiplegia resulting from a cerebrovascular accident who exhibited
      excessive subtalar joint motion were studied. Videotaped trials and footprint
      analyses were used to measure subjects' hip, knee, and ankle sagittal plane
      angles; inversion and eversion of the calcaneus; and time-distance gait
      characteristics. A one-way analysis of variance for repeated measures was used to
      compare the gait of 19 subjects with the AS brace and unbraced and 11 subjects
      with the AS brace, unbraced, and with an ankle-foot orthosis. The AS brace was
      associated with more calcaneal stability during standing than the unbraced
      condition. The ankle-foot orthosis was associated with less plantar flexion at
      foot-strike than either the AS brace or unbraced condition. Both the AS brace and
      the ankle-foot orthosis were associated with less mid-swing plantar flexion and
      increased step length on the paretic side compared with no brace. These results
      support the effectiveness of the AS brace in controlling inversion and eversion
      instability in patients with hemiplegia.

PMID- 3399516
TI  - Effect of aerobic fitness on hemodynamic responses to upright tilting.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of aerobic fitness on
      heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, and
      pulse pressure responses to upright tilting in 10 below-average (BA Group) and 10
      above-average (AA Group) aerobically fit adults. Aerobic fitness levels were
      predicted using the Astrand and Ryhming submaximal exercise test. Mean predicted
      maximal aerobic capacities were significantly higher (p less than .05) for the AA
      Group (46.0 +/- 6.0 mL.kg-1.min-1) compared with the BA Group (31.0 +/- 4.8 mL.kg
      1.min-1) subjects. Heart rate and blood pressure responses were obtained at rest
      (supine position for 30 minutes) and during 5 minutes of upright tilting to 70
      degrees (electric tilt table). A two-factor analysis of variance indicated that
      the increase in heart rate to upright tilting was significant (p less than .05)
      (significant treatment effect). More importantly, the study revealed a
      significant treatment x group interaction (p less than .05), indicating that the
      heart rate response for the BA Group was significantly greater than for the AA
      Group. Similar results occurred for blood pressure responses. A separate analysis
      of variance demonstrated significant changes in hemodynamic responses to upright
      tilting and significant treatment x group interactions. These results
      demonstrated significantly smaller (p less than .05) changes in blood pressure
      and heart rate to upright tilting for the AA Group compared with the BA Group.
      The results, therefore, indicate that reflex responses to central hypovolemia are
      different between above-average and below-average aerobically fit adults.

PMID- 3399517
TI  - Evaluation of two support methods for the subluxated shoulder of hemiplegic
      patients.
AB  - One of the most troublesome complications in the rehabilitation of hemiplegic
      patients is inferior subluxation of the glenohumeral joint. The purpose of this
      study was to determine which of two shoulder supports, the Bobath shoulder roll
      or the Henderson shoulder ring, would be more effective in the management of
      hemiplegic patients with a subluxated glenohumeral joint. To determine the degree
      of subluxation and the amount of reduction after application of a shoulder
      support, radiographs were taken of 26 hemiplegic patients with subluxated
      shoulders. Radiographs of the unsupported affected shoulder were compared with
      radiographs of the same shoulder with each support applied. Radiographs of the
      unaffected shoulder were used as a comparison in determining the amount of
      subluxation. An analysis of variance revealed no significant difference in the
      reduction of inferior subluxation between the two types of shoulder support. A
      significant difference in subluxation, however, existed between measurements of
      the unsupported affected shoulder and the unaffected shoulder (p less than .001)
      and between measurements of the unsupported affected shoulder and the supported
      affected shoulder (p less than .001). The results of this study demonstrate the
      benefits of the Bobath shoulder roll and the Henderson shoulder ring in the
      management of hemiplegic patients with subluxated shoulders.

PMID- 3399518
TI  - Influence of cerebrovascular accident on elongated and passively shortened muscle
      responses after forward sway.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a rapid length change in
      the elongated and shortened ankle muscles of subjects with hemiplegia during
      forward body sway. The onset and amplitude of electrical activity in the ankle
      muscles of four standing hemiplegic subjects with mild stretch reflex
      abnormalities and four healthy subjects were studied. Each subject stood on a
      platform controlled by a hydraulic servomechanism and experienced an unexpected
      posterior horizontal platform movement that induced a forward body sway. The
      activity of the gastrocnemius (agonist) and tibialis anterior (antagonist)
      muscles were monitored bilaterally using surface electromyography. In comparison
      with the healthy subjects, the hemiplegic subjects showed a greater
      disassociation between agonist and antagonist activation, a larger frequency of
      response defaults in the antagonist, and an increase in nonparetic (left) limb
      agonist amplitude during the 200-msec electromyographic integration period. We
      concluded that the sequelae of cerebrovascular disease may hamper the initiation
      of a passive shortening response in the tibialis anterior muscle during forward
      sway. This finding is functionally significant because the response deficit
      described seems to be exaggerated in some cases and reduced in others.

PMID- 3399519
TI  - Comparison of a clinical gait analysis method using videography and temporal
      distance measures with 16-mm cinematography.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to compare a clinical gait analysis method using
      videography and temporal-distance measures with 16-mm cinematography in a gait
      analysis laboratory. Ten children with a diagnosis of cerebral palsy (means age =
      8.8 +/- 2.7 years) and 9 healthy children (means age = 8.9 +/- 2.4 years)
      participated in the study. Stride length, walking velocity, and goniometric
      measurements of the hip, knee, and ankle were recorded using the two gait
      analysis methods. A multivariate analysis of variance was used to determine
      significant differences between the data collected using the two methods. Pearson
      product-moment correlation coefficients were determined to examine the
      relationship between the measurements recorded by the two methods. The
      consistency of performance of the subjects during walking was examined by
      intraclass correlation coefficients. No significant differences were found
      between the methods for the variables studied. Pearson product-moment correlation
      coefficients ranged from .79 to .95, and intraclass coefficients ranged from .89
      to .97. The clinical gait analysis method was found to be a valid tool in
      comparison with 16-mm cinematography for the variables that were studied.

PMID- 3399520
TI  - Association of pain and physical dependency with depression in physically ill
      middle-aged and elderly persons.
AB  - To investigate the relationship of pain and physical dependency to depression,
      the authors conducted a panel survey of 133 middle-aged and elderly persons with
      recent exacerbations of various physical illnesses. Of the original 133 subjects,
      114 participated in two in-depth personal interviews conducted about three months
      apart. Variables that were measured included age, income, social support,
      physical dependency, pain, and depression. Physical dependency was moderately
      associated with depression (r = .27). A multiple regression analysis performed to
      control for the other variables, however, revealed that physical dependency had
      little effect on depression (R2 change = .03). Correlation (r = .41) and
      regression (R2 change = .13) analyses indicated that pain was an important factor
      in level of depression even after controlling for all of the other variables.

PMID- 3399522
TI  - Wound management with whirlpool and infrared cold laser treatment. A clinical
      report.
AB  - Patients with open wounds are frequently referred to physical therapy for wound
      cleansing and enhancement of the healing process. The healing process in most
      open wounds, however, is very slow, especially in patients with diabetes mellitus
      and vascular insufficiency. The purpose of this clinical report is to describe a
      sterile whirlpool and cold laser treatment protocol used in one physical therapy
      department for patients with open wounds. The two patients described in this
      clinical report received infrared cold laser treatment and conventional sterile
      whirlpool baths with povidone-iodine solution. Clinical results showed well
      granulated tissue and nearly complete healing of the open wounds in these two
      patients.

PMID- 3399521
TI  - Effects of sequential connective tissue massage on autonomic nervous system of
      middle-aged and elderly adults.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to describe autonomic nervous system responses to
      serial connective tissue massage (CTM) in healthy middle-aged and elderly
      subjects. Fourteen healthy middle-aged or elderly subjects (means age = 61.3
      years) were randomly assigned to either a CTM or placebo group. Subjects received
      nine separate treatments (CTM or placebo) on alternate days over a three-week
      period. Each treatment was divided into 15-minute control, intervention, and
      recovery periods. Subjects in the CTM Group (n = 8) were given CTM on the basic
      section (low back), and subjects in the Placebo Group (n = 6) had sham ultrasound
      applied to the same area. Variables monitored were skin temperature (right great
      toe and popliteal fossa), galvanic skin response, mean arterial blood pressure,
      and heart rate. Variable measurements were made every five minutes. An analysis
      of variance and single-case analyses showed no changes in the variables measured
      in the CTM or Placebo Group. The results of this study suggest that CTM has no
      consistent immediate or long-term effects on the autonomic nervous system in
      healthy middle-aged and elderly subjects.

PMID- 3399523
TI  - Saying "no" to patients for cost-related reasons. Alternatives for the physical
      therapist.
AB  - Physical therapists express their respect for patients by providing competent,
      compassionate care. Constraints may be imposed on realizing this ideal when
      treatment must be refused or discontinued because patients lack the financial
      resources to pay for physical therapy services. The purposes of this article are
      1) to review key features that have contributed to the current high cost of
      health care, 2) to describe approaches being proposed to curb costs, and 3) to
      suggest ways physical therapists can have a constructive role in creating
      rational cost-containment policies that are consistent with professional ideals.
      Seven activities by which physical therapists can become involved at the health
      care policy level are discussed.

PMID- 3399524
TI  - [Care of the patient in the cardiac surgery department].

PMID- 3399526
TI  - [The nurse in patient assessment].

PMID- 3399525
TI  - [Combined cardiological rehabilitation].

PMID- 3399528
TI  - [The therapeutic role of the nurse in the cardiology department].

PMID- 3399529
TI  - [The problem--subordination or autonomy?].

PMID- 3399527
TI  - [Diploma No. 103. Interview by Krystyna Serafin].

PMID- 3399530
TI  - [Acid-base equilibrium research in the obstetrical clinic. II].

PMID- 3399531
TI  - [Infection of the mother with the rubella virus in pregnancy].

PMID- 3399532
TI  - [The preparation of medical school students].

PMID- 3399534
TI  - [My first delivery. Interview by Barbara Wysoczynska].

PMID- 3399533
TI  - [Current assessment of the health situation in Poland].

PMID- 3399535
TI  - [Status of health knowledge of mothers on the topic of nursing care for infants].

PMID- 3399536
TI  - [Combined rehabilitation of the child with spastic cerebral palsy].

PMID- 3399537
TI  - [Research on acid-base equilibrium in the obstetrical clinic (III)].

PMID- 3399538
TI  - [Further comment on the ethos and culture of our profession].

PMID- 3399539
TI  - [In order that infants might be breast-fed].

PMID- 3399540
TI  - [Labor psychoprophylaxis].

PMID- 3399541
TI  - [Practical advice for paraplegics].

PMID- 3399542
TI  - [Priority health goals].

PMID- 3399543
TI  - [Nursing: its place and role in the medical sciences].

PMID- 3399544
TI  - [Entrance exam].

PMID- 3399545
TI  - [We chose this profession with heart and soul. Interview by Alina Ozimek].

PMID- 3399546
TI  - [Medical Lyceum of Nursing and the Tytus Chalubinski Medical School Collective in
      Myslenice (the 25th anniversary of the school)].

PMID- 3399547
TI  - [4 Polish nurses received the Florence Nightingale Medal].

PMID- 3399548
TI  - [Diabetes and pregnancy. I].

PMID- 3399549
TI  - [New developments in the treatment of psoriasis].

PMID- 3399551
TI  - [Nursing decisions--their scope and limitations].

PMID- 3399550
TI  - [The face is your calling-card].

PMID- 3399552
TI  - [Health protection for working medical personnel while administering
      cytostatics].

PMID- 3399553
TI  - Two linear plasmids in mitochondria of Fusarium solani f. sp. cucurbitae.
AB  - Two linear plasmid-like DNAs designated pFSC1 (9.2 kbp) and pFSC2 (8.3 kbp) were
      found in an isolate of the plant pathogenic fungus Fusarium solani f. sp.
      cucurbitae race 1. The plasmids were maternally inherited and copurified with
      mitochondrial DNA obtained from a mitochondria-enriched cell fraction suggesting
      that they are located in mitochondria. The plasmids did not share extensive
      sequence similarity. No homology was detected between either plasmid and the
      nuclear or mitochondrial genome when cloned plasmids were used as probes in
      Southern hybridization analyses. The fungus was cured of plasmids by ethidium
      bromide treatment. Compared to the plasmid-containing isolate, plasmid-cured
      derivatives had reduced pathogenicity on a susceptible plant host, Cucurbita
      maxima "Pink Banana."

PMID- 3399555
TI  - Midazolam (Versed) in ambulatory surgery.
AB  - Midazolam is a very useful drug in outpatient aesthetic surgery. Its principal
      advantages are (1) short duration of action (a half-life of 2.3 hours), (2)
      painless injection, (3) no incidence of postoperative phlebitis (as compared with
      diazepam), and (4) a high degree of safety and effectiveness. Since one of the
      main objectives in outpatient surgery is to have the patient recover as quickly
      as possible and be discharged without any significant drug hangover, we recommend
      the incorporation of midazolam into the armamentarium of the aesthetic surgeon.
      Subsequent to the presentation of this paper (Twentieth Annual Meeting of the
      American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, in Los Angeles, California, March
      23, 1987), we have administered midazolam to an additional 400 patients
      undergoing outpatient surgery and no apnea has occurred requiring an airway or
      supportive respiratory measures.

PMID- 3399554
TI  - The physical attractiveness of facially deformed patients before and after
      craniofacial surgery.
AB  - The present experiment investigated whether the physical attractiveness of
      craniofacially deformed children and adolescents could be improved by surgical
      procedures. Twenty patients between the ages of 5 months and 17 years were
      randomly selected from patient files. Patient diagnoses included facial clefts,
      hypertelorism, Treacher Collins syndrome, and craniofacial dysostosis (Crouzon's
      and Apert's syndromes). Rigorously standardized photographs of patients taken
      before and after surgery were shown to 40 "naive" raters ranging in age from 17
      to 52 years. Raters analyzed the photographs with regard to global physical
      attractiveness. These ratings indicated that the patients' physical
      attractiveness was reliably (62 percent) improved following surgery. The results
      are discussed in light of recent evidence that untreated craniofacial patients
      may be at risk for psychosocial disorders and in terms of the growing evidence of
      the importance of physical appearance for the development of cognitive and social
      emotional competence. In addition, a standardized assessment system is described
      that can be used to facilitate the compilation of actuarial data predicting
      surgical outcomes. Finally, the importance of empirically evaluating the
      effectiveness of surgical procedures and practitioners on a continuing basis is
      emphasized.

PMID- 3399556
TI  - The temporal island scalp flap for management of facial burn scars.
AB  - Facial burn scars are difficult to conceal and often preclude an aesthetic
      rehabilitation of the patient. Multistaged scalp and neck flaps have been
      described to provide hair-bearing skin to resurface burn scars in men. We have
      been resurfacing the upper lip and cheek in a one-stage procedure using a
      temporal artery island scalp flap. The temporoparietal fascia has been well
      described in recent years, and the understanding of this anatomy has facilitated
      the use of the island scalp flap for more distal transfers.

PMID- 3399557
TI  - Suppurative chondritis: its incidence, prevention, and treatment in burn
      patients.
AB  - A retrospective study of 317 cases of suppurative otochondritis occurring in a
      population of 4794 burned patients successively admitted to one institution
      between 1967 and 1984 is presented. During the study interval, the incidence of
      the disease decreased from 20 percent to less than 3 percent in patients with
      burns of one or both ears. The bacterial species associated with chondritis,
      principally Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus species, did not change.
      Patients admitted later than the second postburn day exhibited a significantly
      greater incidence of chondritis. The crucial factors in prevention of this
      complication appear to be avoidance of pressure on burned ears and topical
      chemotherapeutic control of local Pseudomonas infection. Systemic antibiotic
      prophylaxis did not appear to influence the incidence in the studied population.
      Several approaches to clinical management of suppurative chondritis are reviewed.

PMID- 3399558
TI  - The free vascularized anterior rib graft.
AB  - The free vascularized anterior rib graft, one of the earliest free osseous
      transfers to the head and neck, has not gained widespread acceptance, perhaps due
      to early reservations concerning the adequacy of the periosteal circulation. The
      authors present further laboratory evidence, with clinical cases, attesting to
      the adequacy of the periosteal circulation alone. Our surgical technique varies
      from other reports in that a substantially greater length of the internal mammary
      vessels is harvested and includes the dual periosteal supply by means of the
      supracostal and intercostal vessels, both branches of the internal mammary
      vessels. This modification is based on anatomic and angiographic findings. The
      incorporation of both branches enhances the margin of safety in raising this free
      bone graft.

PMID- 3399559
TI  - Fascial anchoring technique in medial thigh lifts.
AB  - The medical thigh lift has not gained widespread acceptance since its
      introduction 20 years ago because of problems such as inferior scar migration,
      labial separation, and early recurrence of ptosis. Anchoring of the inferior skin
      flap to the tough, inelastic deep layer of the superficial perineal fascia has
      reduced such complications. Originally described by Colles in 1811, this fascial
      layer helps define the perineal-thigh crease. Eighteen patients having medial
      thigh lifts in combination with liposuction were followed for 6 to 24 months. The
      technique involves initial liposuction followed by resection of a crescent of
      redundant skin and fat at the superior medial thigh. The inferior skin flap is
      suspended from Colles' fascia of the perineum with subdermal PDS sutures. No
      undermining or deepithelialization of flaps is performed. Complications are few,
      and patient satisfaction is high.

PMID- 3399560
TI  - Applied anatomy of the anterolateral femoral flap.
AB  - A study of the source of the blood supply to the anterolateral femoral flap was
      carried out on 42 lower limbs of adult cadavers (among them 35 cadavers with
      injection of red latex and 1 with india ink into the arteries and 6 vascular cast
      specimens), and the surface locations of the vascular pedicle were detected on 50
      healthy adults. It was found that the descending branch of the lateral circumflex
      femoral vessel was an ideal axial vessel. There are constant perforating branches
      of the myocutaneous artery or cutaneous branches from the intermuscular space to
      the anterolateral femoral skin. The area extends about 12 x 30 cm. Within the
      flap, the anterior branch of the anterolateral cutaneous nerve of the high is
      located. This flap has been widely used for free transplantation in China since
      1983 with satisfactory results.

PMID- 3399561
TI  - Folded free vascularized fibula transfer.
AB  - A technique of improved free vascularized fibula grafting for bone defects up to
      15 cm in length is presented with three illustrative cases. By dividing a
      harvested free fibula graft at its midpoint without dividing its vascular
      pedicle, two vascularized bone lengths are produced that require only one set of
      anastomoses. This folded fibula provides twice the cross-sectional area of a
      single fibula transfer and allows biomechanically improved graft placement. This
      technique has been successfully used in long bone defects of the upper and lower
      limbs.

PMID- 3399562
TI  - Survival and blood flow evaluation of canine venous flaps.
AB  - Using a canine model, we compared postoperative viability of saphenous venous
      flaps, cephalic venous flaps, and composite-tissue grafts without vascular
      connections. Of the saphenous flaps, 14 percent survived. Of the flaps based on
      the cephalic vein, 75 percent survived. Cephalic composite-tissue grafts were 13
      percent successful. The presence of a more intricate venous plexus in a flap
      seems to increase its chances of success. Arterial injections of radioisotope
      labeled microspheres were used to chart revascularization in cephalic flaps.
      These flaps demonstrated arterial blood flow by day 3, while the composite grafts
      showed no flow until day 7. Venous injections of microspheres distal to the flap
      were used to test vein-to-capillary blood flow. No significant entrapment of
      microspheres within the flaps occurred at any time, suggesting such flow to be
      inadequate.

PMID- 3399563
TI  - What are we learning from big business?

PMID- 3399564
TI  - Orbital lymphangioma.
AB  - In summary, we have presented a patient with an uncommon disorder, orbital
      lymphangioma, with an equally uncommon outcome, restoration of normal visual
      acuity and ocular motility following total surgical excision. High-resolution
      axial thin-slice CT scanning with paraxial re-formations was used for
      preoperative assessment and surgical planning in the case of this 5 1/2-year-old
      boy with probable lymphangioma of the orbit. The tumor became symptomatic
      following minor local trauma. Complete excision was possible without impairment
      of visual or extraocular motor function.

PMID- 3399565
TI  - The perineal artery axial flap in reconstruction of the vagina.
AB  - We present two patients in whom an aesthetic and functional vagina was re-created
      using a perineal artery axial flap, based on the terminal vessels of the internal
      pudendal artery. This flap provides thin, supple skin for reconstruction of
      moderately sized vaginal defects leaving a minimal donor defect.

PMID- 3399566
TI  - Three successful digital replantations in a patient after 84, 86, and 94 hours of
      cold ischemia time.
AB  - Three successful digital replantations were performed on a patient after 84, 86,
      and 94 hours of prolonged cold ischemia time. Both the intraoperative and
      postoperative courses were smooth. Functional evaluation 8 months after operation
      revealed a normal speed of sensory recovery and nail growth. The atrophic changes
      in all three replants are mild. Total active movement was 45, 100, and 70 degrees
      in the replanted left thumb, left index finger, and right thumb, respectively.
      There is no cold intolerance. The overall functional result is satisfactory.
      Replantation of an amputated digit that is properly cooled immediately after
      injury should be attempted in selected patients even after prolonged ischemia
      time.

PMID- 3399567
TI  - The double-door tongue flap for total cheek mucosa defects.
AB  - Lining of total cheek mucosa defects can be accomplished by opening the tongue
      along its lateral border and preparing two myomucosa flaps that can be swung
      upward and downward like a double door to be sutured into the defect. The tongue
      is released 3 weeks later in a second-stage operation. The operation is quick and
      easy compared with other methods to achieve lining for such defects. Tongue
      function is not impaired after healing of the second-stage operation.

PMID- 3399568
TI  - A late calculus as a sequela of transposing the parotid duct in cerebral palsy.

PMID- 3399570
TI  - Autologous fat transplantation to the breast.

PMID- 3399569
TI  - Blindness following fat injections.

PMID- 3399574
TI  - Decubitus ulcer as a sign of hypothyroidism.

PMID- 3399571
TI  - Steroid treatment of soft-tissue tumors in Bannayan syndrome.

PMID- 3399573
TI  - Stitches and water.

PMID- 3399572
TI  - The fate of sternotomy scars in children.

PMID- 3399575
TI  - Use of standard suction tubing for suction lipectomy.

PMID- 3399576
TI  - 40-year follow-up of a medial cleft lip, chin, mandible, and tongue.

PMID- 3399577
TI  - S-flap for digital pulp.

PMID- 3399579
TI  - Caulking gun syringe.

PMID- 3399580
TI  - Novel uses for Zyderm and Versed.

PMID- 3399581
TI  - Malar augmentation.

PMID- 3399578
TI  - Full-thickness erosion of the skull secondary to tissue expansion for scalp
      reconstruction.

PMID- 3399582
TI  - Defining hysterical symptoms.

PMID- 3399583
TI  - Cortical evoked potentials and clinical rating scales as measures of depressive
      illness.
AB  - Relationships between clinical ratings and cortical evoked potentials were
      examined before and during antidepressant drug treatment in 32 patients with
      major depressive disorder (DSM-III). Clinical rating scales included Hamilton
      Rating Scale for Depression, Beck Depression Inventory, Present State Examination
      (PSE) and Newcastle Scale. Evoked potentials included contingent negative
      variation (CNV), post-imperative negative variation (PINV) and auditory evoked
      potential (AEP) There were close correlations between all rating scales, and
      factor analysis produced only one component, suggesting that the common variance
      between them related to severity of depression. CNV magnitude before treatment
      correlated negatively with severity of depression regardless of diagnostic
      category. Depressed patients had a prominent PINV which persisted during
      antidepressant treatment. The amplitude of late components (N1P2) of the AEP was
      reduced strikingly in patients with a history of suicide attempts.

PMID- 3399584
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging in pre-senile dementia of the Alzheimer-type, multi
      infarct dementia and Korsakoff's syndrome.
AB  - Magnetic resonance imaging T1 values in Alzheimer's disease (ATD) were similar to
      age-matched controls although frontal T1 values tended to increase
      intraindividually with progression of the dementia. T1 values were raised, in
      both cortical grey and white matter, in Korsakoff's syndrome and multi-infarct
      dementia. T1 values appear of little value in studying the neuropathological
      changes in ATD in relationship to the neuropsychological deficits, but can assist
      in the differential diagnosis of pre-senile dementia.

PMID- 3399586
TI  - Agenesis of the corpus callosum and schizophrenia: a case report.
AB  - Clinical, radiological and neuropsychological findings in the first reported case
      of schizophrenia with complete agenesis of the corpus callosum are described.
      Although causal inferences were made difficult by the co-existence of a left
      frontotemporal cyst and a family history of affective disorder, some theories of
      the role of callosal dysfunction in schizophrenia require revision in the light
      of this case.

PMID- 3399585
TI  - Obstetric complications and schizophrenia: a computed tomographic study.
AB  - All patients aged 16-50 years who had been discharged from the Maudsley Hospital
      over a 4-year period with a diagnosis of schizophrenia were ascertained
      retrospectively. Case records were rated blindly for a history of obstetric
      complications (OCs). Sixty-one patients who satisfied the RDC for schizophrenia
      had undergone CT scanning. Those with a definite history of OCs presented at an
      earlier age. In this group widening of cortical sulci and fissures was more
      strongly correlated with VBR than in subjects without OCs. Moreover, large VBRs
      when accompanied by widened cortical sulci and fissures occurred more commonly in
      subjects with OCs than in those without. These results support the hypothesis
      that OCs, or a factor associated with them, lead to brain damage of aetiological
      significance in some cases of schizophrenia.

PMID- 3399587
TI  - Structural brain changes in patients with anorexia nervosa.
AB  - Twenty-five patients with anorexia nervosa were compared with 17 normal healthy
      control subjects in terms of their cerebral computed tomographic (CT) scan
      appearances. The patients displayed significantly greater ventricular and sulcal
      enlargement when compared to control subjects. There were no relationships
      between the CT scan appearance and clinical indices of illness severity or weight
      loss in the patient group. In 14 patients who had repeat scans after attaining
      normal body weight, no significant change was observed in the ventricular
      appearance, but there was a significant lessening in the degree of sulcal
      widening.

PMID- 3399588
TI  - Psychiatric morbidity in patients with clinically isolated lesions of the type
      seen in multiple sclerosis: a clinical and MRI study.
AB  - This study reports the psychiatric morbidity in 76 patients with clinically
      isolated lesions of the type seen in multiple sclerosis (optic neuritis, brain
      stem and cord lesions). The presence or absence of brain pathology was
      investigated using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A group of 33 patients
      suffering from rheumatic and neurological conditions not known to involve the
      brain was used for comparison. Normative MRI data were obtained from a group of
      40 normal volunteers. Over half of the patients with the clinical presentation of
      single lesions had MRI abnormalities in the brain, but past and present
      psychiatric morbidity were similar in patients and controls and no significant
      associations were found between the presence of MRI abnormalities and psychiatric
      morbidity. The degree of social stress experienced by the patients with
      clinically isolated lesions appeared to be highly relevant in the causation of
      psychiatric symptoms.

PMID- 3399589
TI  - Personality in torticollis: a controlled study.
AB  - The Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, the trait scales of the Leyton Obsessional
      Inventory, the Spielberger State Trait Anxiety Inventory, and a questionnaire
      assessing marital status and harmony were completed by 100 torticollis patients
      and a control group of 49 cervical spondylosis sufferers. Information regarding
      employment status, and events preceding onset of their complaint was also
      obtained. The two groups did not differ in terms of any of the personality
      dimensions evaluated, or in their self-reports of events prior to onset of their
      illness. The groups differed significantly with regards to marital status (a
      higher proportion of the torticollis patients were single) but not marital
      harmony. A significantly higher proportion of the torticollis patients were in
      the permanently sick category of employment status. Findings of previous studies
      evaluating personality in torticollis and in sufferers of other disabling
      physical conditions are considered, and the results are discussed in terms of the
      effects of disabling chronic physical disorders.

PMID- 3399590
TI  - The relationship between breast feeding persistence, sexuality and mood in
      postpartum women.
AB  - 91 women were assessed early in pregnancy and again 3 and 6 months postpartum.
      Women who persisted in breastfeeding were less neurotic on the EPI but did not
      differ from artificial feeders in psychiatric history or sexuality before
      pregnancy. Breast feeders showed greater impairment of sexuality and slightly
      more depression at 3 months postpartum. These differences had largely disappeared
      at 6 months. Possible reasons for these negative effects of breast feeding are
      discussed and are likely to be multifactorial.

PMID- 3399591
TI  - Personal networks, support mobilization and unemployment.
AB  - Measures were obtained of features of social network structure and the
      mobilization of instrumental and expressive support from a sample of 301
      unemployed men. Findings showed dependence on a restricted number of family
      members and close friends, with high levels of expressive support (for example,
      71 per cent of the sample reported that someone had 'let you know that he or she
      is always around if you need help with something'). Follow-up interviews were
      obtained on two further occasions over a period of one year, and significant
      changes in network structure and support mobilization were found. A decrease in
      non-family network size suggested greater reliance on close family and friends
      and a withdrawal from weaker ties with members of the community. Finally, the
      findings of this study emphasize the importance of incorporating a time dimension
      into research on the mobilization of support following a stressful life event
      such as job loss.

PMID- 3399592
TI  - Living density and psychopathology: a re-examination of the negative model.
AB  - Most density-pathology research has assumed that dense living conditions have
      'pathological' effects on urban dwellers. This study considers the possibility
      that both low and high density may be problematic and that in-unit and out-unit
      density may have interacting effects. The data included all first admissions from
      Chicago to 44 in-patient psychiatric facilities in Illinois during 1960-61. After
      controlling for socioeconomic status (SES) and race, living alone, which defines
      low in-unit density, was associated with high admission rates, but only when the
      outside density was low. Among those not living alone, the contribution of
      density to admissions was age-linked, with interactions between in-unit and out
      unit density observed in the older ages. The results lead to the general
      conclusions that the negative model guiding earlier research is inadequate and
      that in-unit and out-unit density have interacting effects on the risk of
      psychopathology.

PMID- 3399594
TI  - The transition to parenthood in dual-earner couples.
AB  - The impact of the transition to parenthood for dual-earner couples was examined
      in a longitudinal study. Data were collected by questionnaire from couples
      expecting their first child, during pregnancy and after maternity leave, and from
      childless couples at two separate time points. The impact of the transition was
      minimal overall, although women experienced more pressure than men and there were
      some cases of extreme stress. New single-earner parents reported a greater
      decline in life satisfaction than dual-earners.

PMID- 3399593
TI  - Depressive thoughts in general practice attenders.
AB  - Depressive thoughts were commonly reported by a sample of patients attending a
      south London general practitioner. Their occurrence corresponded more closely
      with a psychiatrist's than the general practitioner's diagnosis of depression; a
      'scale' composed of questions about depressive thinking discriminated well
      between depressed and non-depressed men, but was a much poorer discriminator in
      the women.

PMID- 3399595
TI  - The assessment of lifetime psychopathology: a comparison of two interviewing
      styles.
AB  - A structured respondent-based version of the SADS-L interview was compared with a
      semi-structured investigator-based version of the same interview in terms of
      efficiency in assessing lifetime psychopathology. There was substantial agreement
      across most Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) categories, but there was less
      agreement on the rating of symptoms. The implications of these similarities and
      differences between the techniques are discussed.

PMID- 3399596
TI  - Comparison of self-ratings with informant-ratings of pre-morbid personality on
      two personality rating scales.
AB  - In a study of pre-morbid personality in 56 head-injured subjects, subjects' self
      ratings of pre-morbid personality were compared with informants' ratings of the
      subjects' pre-morbid personality on two personality questionnaires (the Eysenck
      Personality Inventory (EPI) and the Marke-Nyman Temperament Scale (MNTS].
      Correlations between self-ratings and informant-ratings were positive and
      significant for all three MNTS and for EPI Extraversion and Lie scales, but not
      for EPI Neuroticism, where the lack of subject-informant correlation was
      attributed to contamination of the self-rating of the trait measure by current
      abnormalities of mental state. Further analyses supported previous evidence that
      the MNTS 'Validity' scale may predict the development of psychiatric symptoms.

PMID- 3399597
TI  - Validation of the 30-item General Health Questionnaire in early pregnancy.
AB  - One-hundred-and-seventy-nine women attending their first antenatal clinic at two
      general practices in South London were asked to complete the 30-item General
      Health Questionnaire (GHQ-30) as part of a larger prospective longitudinal study
      into childbirth-related affective disorders. The women were later interviewed at
      home and a standardized psychiatric interview administered. Relative operating
      characteristic (ROC) curves were used to determine the optimum cut-off point on
      the GHQ-30. Thirty-five per cent of the women were high scores on the GHQ-30
      (greater than or equal to 6) and 29% were found to be 'cases' at interview (CIS
      Overall Severity Rating greater than or equal to 2).

PMID- 3399599
TI  - Visual evoked potentials to illusory reversals of the necker cube.

PMID- 3399598
TI  - Cardiovascular responses to mental arithmetic and handgrip during different
      conditions of postural change.

PMID- 3399600
TI  - Cardiovascular reactivity to psychological stress in healthy children.

PMID- 3399601
TI  - Third ventricle enlargement and reduced electrodermal responsiveness.

PMID- 3399602
TI  - The effect of prestimulus alpha activity on the P300.

PMID- 3399604
TI  - Cardiac and metabolic activity in mild hypertensive and normotensive subjects.

PMID- 3399603
TI  - The effects of cognitive and physical stress on cardiovascular reactivity among
      smokers and oral contraceptive users.

PMID- 3399605
TI  - Circulatory effects of anticipation in a light isometric handgrip test.

PMID- 3399607
TI  - The influence of self-focused attention on heartbeat perception.

PMID- 3399606
TI  - Bilateral electrodermal and electrocortical activity in anticipation of
      sensorimotor tasks.

PMID- 3399608
TI  - Cardiovascular responses to an extended aversive video game task.

PMID- 3399610
TI  - Novel approaches to the problem of latency jitter.

PMID- 3399609
TI  - A comparison of additional heart rates during active psychological challenge
      calculated from upper body and lower body dynamic exercise.

PMID- 3399611
TI  - Computerized cardiovascular monitoring: method and data.

PMID- 3399612
TI  - The dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the sheep and its retinal connections.
AB  - Layers 1 and 2 of the sheep's LGN have similar properties to layers A and A1 in
      the cat. In layer 3 of the sheep the cell size is the same as that of the main
      group in layers 1 and 2, and it is contralaterally driven but has no
      sublamination. There is a medial interlaminar nucleus in the sheep which consists
      of two incomplete laminae, each driven by one eye. Scattered cells from the whole
      of the retina temporal to the decussation line project to the contralateral LGN.
      There is only a band of cells 1.5 mm wide nasal to the decussation line which
      project to the ipsilateral LGN. Cells with corresponding ipsilateral fields are
      found on the medial side of the nucleus in layers 1 and 2. A few cells with
      orientation sensitivity have been seen in the LGN. The area of the greatest cell
      density in the retina, the streak, is accommodated in the LGN by expansion
      vertically, not horizontally.

PMID- 3399613
TI  - Pressures in normal and acutely distended human knee joints and effects on
      quadriceps maximal voluntary contractions.
AB  - Pressures were recorded in ten knees from five subjects with informed consent.
      Resting intra-articular pressures were found to be sub-atmospheric with a mean
      value of -5 +/- 1.5 mmHg (S.E. of mean). There was little variation in intra
      articular pressure with changing joint angle in the normal joint. Infusion of as
      small a volume as 5 ml of sterile saline into the joint cavity caused the intra
      articular pressure to increase to supra-atmospheric levels. Changing joint angle
      now produced clear modulations in intra-articular pressure. Pressure increased as
      the limb was moved out to extension and back to flexion with a minimum occurring
      in the mid-range. These modulations were more pronounced with active positioning
      of the joint than with passive positioning. Successive increases in intra
      articular volume produced increases in intra-articular pressure as well as the
      degree of modulation of intra-articular pressure with joint angle. Cyclical
      flexion-extension movements caused a progressive decrease in the maximum pressure
      observed in extension. Non-noxious distension of the knee joint caused
      substantial reductions in the magnitude of isometric and isokinetic maximal
      voluntary contractions of quadriceps due to a reflex inhibition from joint
      mechanoreceptor afferents.

PMID- 3399614
TI  - The effects of feeding pelleted diets made from either coarsely or finely ground
      hay on phosphorus balance and on the partition of phosphorus excretion between
      urine and faeces in the sheep.
AB  - Mature sheep fitted with rumen and duodenal cannulae were fed pelleted diets made
      from hay that had been either coarsely or finely ground. The diets were
      supplemented with phosphorus and the effects on salivary phosphorus secretion,
      net intestinal phosphorus absorption and the route of excretion were examined.
      Changing the particle size of the diet had no effect on overall phosphorus
      balance but did affect the route of excretion with urine levels being higher and
      faecal levels lower in periods when the more finely ground diet was fed. This
      increase in urine excretion was not due to differences in phosphorus intake nor
      could it be attributed to increased net phosphorus absorption from the intestine.
      Salivary phosphorus secretion was, however, lower when the more finely ground
      diet was fed and it would appear that this change in the balance between that
      absorbed relative to its secretion back into the gut was the major factor
      contributing to the increased phosphorus excretion in the urine. The significance
      of these findings in relation to the high levels of phosphorus normally found in
      the urine of sheep fed concentrate diets compared to those fed roughage diets is
      discussed.

PMID- 3399615
TI  - The effects of exercise and subject age on pulsed Doppler measurements of left
      ventricular ejection in normal man.
AB  - Pulsed Doppler measurements of ascending aortic blood velocity and acceleration
      were made in a group of normal subjects on exercise. The aims of the study were:
      (1) to document the normal response to exercise and its variability at various
      ages as a baseline for future studies in abnormal subjects, and (2) to
      investigate the accuracy and reproducibility of these noninvasive measurements.
      Doppler measurements were related to oxygen consumption in normal subjects aged
      between 22 and 69 years, during a submaximal 4 min incremental cycle exercise
      protocol. Computer-aided ensemble averaging of digital spectral data was used to
      reduce the effects of noise and respiratory variations in the signals. The mean
      relationship between cardiac output (Q) and oxygen consumption (Vo2) was Q = 5.75
      Vo2 + 4.22 1 min-1, r = 0.84 in subjects aged under 45 years, compared to Q =
      6.16 Vo2 + 3.87 1 min-1, r = 0.65 in older subjects; this difference was not
      significant. These values are similar to those previously described in invasive
      studies. There was a wide range of individual responses especially in the older
      subjects. These inter-subject differences probably reflect true physiological
      differences between subjects rather than methodological errors because they were
      consistent on repeated testing in the same individual, similar differences
      occurred in heart-rate responses between individuals where Doppler errors do not
      apply, and inter-subject variability of similar magnitude was found in comparable
      studies using invasive methods. Peak velocity (PV) rose from 73 +/- 10 cm s-1 at
      a Vo2 of 0.4 1 min-1 to 101 +/- 11 cm s-1 at a Vo2 of 1.21 min-1 in subjects aged
      under 45 years; corresponding values in the older subjects were significantly
      lower at 48 +/- 12 and 64 +/- 10 cm s-1 respectively. Maximum acceleration was
      also significantly higher at rest and on exercise in subjects under 45 years
      compared to older subjects. Despite these differences, stroke volume and cardiac
      output responses showed no significant age dependence, suggesting that
      differences in ejection velocity are due to increasing aortic cross-sectional
      area with age. The wide variety of individual responses found suggests an
      underlying variability in the arteriovenous oxygen difference on exercise between
      subjects.

PMID- 3399616
TI  - Flux of inorganic phosphate across the sheep rumen wall in vivo and in vitro.
AB  - Experiments were done in vivo and in vitro to study the flux of inorganic
      phosphate (P1) across the rumen wall in sheep. The technique of the temporarily
      isolated and washed reticulo-rumen was applied to measure P1 net flux at nine
      different P1 concentrations in the buffer solutions introduced into the reticulo
      rumen for 1 h. Six sheep were either P replete (4.25 g P d-1) or in a P-depleted
      state (1.05 g P d-1). Under both dietary treatments P1 net secretion into the
      reticulorumen was found at P1 concentrations between 0.1 and 2.2 mmol l-1 whereas
      P1 net absorption was observed at P1 concentrations between 4.1 and 15.8 mmol l
      1. There were positive linear relationships between P1 concentration and P1 net
      flux for the whole concentration range studied in repleted and in depleted sheep.
      There were no indications of active transport components or saturation phenomena.
      Unidirectional P1 fluxes were then measured in Ussing chambers with 32P using a
      total of 100 rumen wall epithelia obtained from eighteen sheep of different ages.
      No P1 net flux was found under short-circuit conditions. Experiments with changed
      potential differences (+25 or -25 mV at serosal side) showed that P1 flux was
      influenced by the electrical gradient indicating electrogenic phosphate ion
      diffusion without involvement of active transport processes. Critical evaluation
      of the obtained unidirectional flux ratios suggests that part of the P1 flux was
      electroneutral, e.g. by ion exchange or cotransport. The results from these
      studies show that the reticulo-rumen substantially contributes to phosphate
      absorption from the sheep gastrointestinal tract.

PMID- 3399617
TI  - The effect of high-frequency ventilation on pattern of breathing of anaesthetized
      rabbits.
AB  - The lungs of anaesthetized rabbits were ventilated with a frequency of 30 Hz and
      a displacement of 5 ml. High-frequency ventilation (HFV) was superimposed on
      static inflation or deflation pressures of 2.5 and 5 cmH2O and was maintained for
      10 s. Changes in pattern of breathing in response to this procedure were recorded
      before and during block of pulmonary stretch receptors by SO2. With lung stretch
      receptors intact apnoea or extended duration of expiration demonstrated the
      predominant role of pulmonary stretch receptors in the response to HFV. Block of
      stretch receptors exposed effects of other pulmonary afferents, presumably
      rapidly adapting receptors, during HFV, and demonstrated the influence of their
      sustained stimulation on pattern of breathing as augmented breaths and the
      reduction of duration of expiration. High-frequency ventilation may represent a
      useful experimental method of stimulating rapidly adapting receptors.

PMID- 3399618
TI  - Studies on the inflammatory response during involution of the ovine mammary
      gland.
AB  - Cessation of lactation, initiated by the removal of lambs from their mothers,
      induced an inflammatory response with elevated numbers of neutrophil leucocytes
      in mammary secretions being detected within 16 h. Leucocyte numbers were still
      elevated 7 d later. Infusion of whole milk into non-lactating glands caused no
      change in leucocyte numbers after 24 h. Involution secretions, however, had the
      capacity to induce an inflammatory response when infused into non-lactating
      glands. Daily infusion of endotoxin (100 ng) into non-lactating glands resulted
      in a marked attenuation of the inflammatory response. Such desensitization did
      not accompany reinfusion of involution secretion. Responses to involution
      secretion were enhanced in glands desensitized to endotoxin. The failure of
      desensitization to develop in glands receiving repeated infusions of involution
      secretion and the lack of cross-desensitization between involution secretion and
      endotoxin indicate that a novel mediator of inflammation may be produced during
      mammary involution in sheep.

PMID- 3399619
TI  - Postural thixotropy at the human hip.
AB  - In these experiments the person relaxed on his back with one leg free to swing in
      the horizontal plane into abduction or adduction; the weight was taken by a cord
      attached to the ceiling over the hip joint. Records of acceleration following a
      displacement showed a series of decrementing swings which could last for more
      than 10 s. The imposition of sinusoidal torques generated by a printed motor
      showed that the system was non-linear for when small torques were used the
      resonant frequency rose indicating stiffening. The use of a biasing force to move
      the mean position of the leg showed that the stiffening was not related to any
      particular position and was the result of the low level of movement. Under
      certain conditions the stiffening could be abolished by larger active or passive
      movements. Even a single active or passive movement could be effective. Such a
      history-dependent compliance was an indication of postural thixotropy. It was
      present and apparently normal in patients with artificial joints. Reasons are
      given for believing that the effects are a reflection of muscle properties.

PMID- 3399620
TI  - Effect of lidocaine on action potentials, currents and contractions in the
      absence and presence of ouabain in guinea-pig ventricular cells.
AB  - The effects of lidocaine have been investigated on electrical and contractile
      activity in guinea-pig ventricular cells in the absence and in the presence of
      ouabain. At low (therapeutic) doses, lidocaine induced a small reduction in
      action potential duration and contraction but had no effect on transient
      depolarizations or, under voltage-clamp conditions, on the transient inward
      currents. At much higher concentrations of lidocaine (greater than 500 microM),
      where the fast inward sodium current was substantially blocked, there was also a
      marked reduction in the amplitude of the calcium current and accompanying phasic
      contraction. Again, lidocaine did not inhibit the transient depolarizations or
      transient inward currents. This suggests that there is no direct effect of
      lidocaine on the calcium-induced release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic
      reticulum and that lidocaine does not indirectly inhibit arrhythmic activity by
      reducing intracellular sodium in the isolated ventricular cell. Possible
      mechanisms for the antiarrhythmic action of lidocaine in whole heart are
      discussed.

PMID- 3399621
TI  - Feed-back inhibition of milk secretion: the effect of a fraction of goat milk on
      milk yield and composition.
AB  - A milk fraction containing whey proteins of 10-30 kDa was injected into one
      mammary gland of lactating goats via the teat canal. This fraction produced a
      temporary dose-dependent reduction in milk yield in the treated gland; the milk
      yield of the other gland, which received an equal volume of carrier solution, was
      not affected. Injection of a second fraction, containing whey proteins of greater
      than 30 kDa, affected milk secretion only at high doses, and this effect was not
      wholly specific to the treated gland. The 10-30 kDa fraction and the greater than
      30 kDa fraction produced similar transient changes in the concentrations of
      several ions and lactose in milk of the treated gland, but not in that of the
      untreated gland. These data indicate that a milk constituent present in the 10-30
      kDa whey inhibits milk secretion in a temporary and reversible manner. The
      results are discussed in relation to regulation of milk secretion through local
      feedback inhibition.

PMID- 3399622
TI  - Sodium entry into human placental microvillous (maternal) plasma membrane
      vesicles.
AB  - The uptake of sodium into vesicles isolated from the microvillous, maternal
      facing plasma membrane of human placenta was studied. In equilibrium exchange
      conditions, sodium entry increased with time towards an equilibrium value after
      30-60 min. Over 90% of the uptake was into an osmotically active space and the
      initial rate of uptake was halved by amiloride but unaffected by loop diuretics
      and capnophorin inhibitors. The apparent inhibition constant (Ki) for amiloride
      was 3.5 x 10(-6) M and the Michaelis constant (Km) with respect to sodium of the
      amiloride-sensitive component was 7-11 mM. With an imposed outward H+ gradient,
      sodium was transiently accumulated within the vesicles. The overshoot was
      abolished by amiloride and shown, by experiments with FCCP (carbonyl cyanide p
      trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone) and potassium and valonomycin, not to be
      dependent on any electrical potential generated by the H+ gradient. The evidence
      for Na+-H+ exchange at this surface and its possible functions are discussed.

PMID- 3399624
TI  - Reflex vascular responses to changes in left ventricular pressure in
      anaesthetized dogs.
AB  - In dogs anaesthetized with chloralose, changes in left ventricular systolic
      pressure were induced using a preparation in which the pressure changes did not
      distend the aortic arch and in which left atrial and carotid sinus pressures were
      held constant. The systemic circulation was perfused at constant flow and drained
      from the venae cavae at constant pressure. An increase in left ventricular
      systolic pressure caused reflex dilatation of systemic resistance and capacitance
      vessels as indicated by decreases in arterial perfusion pressure and venous
      outflow. Responses were obtained when ventricular systolic pressure changed
      between 16 and 28 kPa (120-210 mHg). Responses to changes in ventricular pressure
      were reduced when the carotid sinuses were perfused at high pressures. These
      results indicate that changes in pressure in the left ventricle result in reflex
      changes in vascular resistance and capacitance and that responses are obtained to
      changes in ventricular pressure over a physiological range.

PMID- 3399623
TI  - Atropine-resistant secretory responses of the ovine parotid gland to reflex and
      direct parasympathetic stimulation.
AB  - A study was made of mechanisms involved in the parasympathetic control,
      especially of protein concentration in, and also flow, of ovine parotid
      secretion. The effects of distension of the caudal thoracic oesophagus were
      characterized in four anaesthetized sheep each with a unilateral chronic superior
      cervical sympathetic ganglionectomy. Oesophageal distension produced increases in
      both the flow and protein concentration of saliva from the control glands similar
      to that from the sympathectomized glands indicating the response was mediated by
      the parasympathetic innervation. Atropine, in doses which completely abolished
      increases in flow and protein concentration produced by bethanechol infusion,
      reduced, but did not abolish, the responses to oesophageal distension providing
      evidence of non-cholinergic transmission. Electrical stimulation of the parotid
      (parasympathetic, postganglionic) nerve during atropinization produced ca. 70%
      increases in flow and ca. 100% increases in protein concentration of parotid
      saliva thus giving further evidence of such a mechanism. Intracarotid infusion of
      vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) evoked responses with similarities to
      those observed with oesophageal distension and nerve stimulation during
      atropinization. This observation adds to other evidence indicating that VIP acts
      as a parasympathetic neurotransmitter involved in the control of salivary
      secretion.

PMID- 3399625
TI  - Time course of the change in nuclear 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine receptors of
      skeletal muscle in relation to energy intake.
AB  - Nuclear triiodothyronine receptors have been investigated in skeletal muscle from
      young pigs living at thermal neutrality (26 degrees C). Animals were fed at a
      high (H) or low (L) level of energy intake for 3 or 21 days and killed at 6 or 24
      h after the last meal. Receptor numbers were significantly greater on the H than
      the L intake, even after only 3 days of treatment. The difference in receptors
      between animals on H and L diets was somewhat less at 6 compared with 24 h after
      feeding. It is postulated that these changes could be mediated through the action
      of glucagon.

PMID- 3399627
TI  - [Use of the initial portion of the melting curve for determining locally
      denatured sites in DNA radiation damage].
AB  - A simple approach is proposed to determine locally denatured sites and stability
      characteristics of secondary DNA structure. The method is based on the analysis
      of the initial part of melting curve and the determination of changes in the
      optical density of DNA after heating up to a fixed temperature. The potentiality
      of the approach is illustrated by the experiments with DNA containing defects in
      the secondary structure caused by gamma-irradiation in vitro. The sensitivity of
      the method is less than 0.2 Gy.

PMID- 3399626
TI  - [Cytogenetic effect of irradiation and subsequent cytosine arabinoside and
      hydroxyurea treatment on Chinese hamster cells in the G1 phase of the cell
      cycle].
AB  - A two-hour treatment of Chinese hamster cells at the G1 stage of the cell cycle
      with arabinoside cytosine combined with hydroxyurea after X-irradiation (50-300
      cGy) produced a 2- to 4-fold increase in the frequency of chromosome aberrations.
      The mitotic selection method was used to synchronize the cells. The potentiating
      effect of the inhibitors, that was estimated by the yield of centric exchanges,
      decreased with increasing radiation dose. It is suggested that DNA repair
      processes determining a linear component of the dose-response curve are modified
      within the dose-range under study.

PMID- 3399628
TI  - [Fluorescence characteristics of dynamic changes in the DNA structure of
      peripheral blood cells in irradiated rats].
AB  - A simple approach is proposed to determine locally denatured sites and stability
      characteristics of secondary DNA structure. The method is based on the analysis
      of the initial part of melting curve and the determination of changes in the
      optical density of DNA after heating up to a fixed temperature. The potentiality
      of the approach is illustrated by the experiments with DNA containing defects in
      the secondary structure caused by gamma-irradiation in vitro. The sensitivity of
      the method is less than 0.2 Gy.

PMID- 3399629
TI  - [Characteristics of the biochemical manifestation of the process of thymic
      lymphocyte death following UV irradiation].
AB  - Thymus lymphocyte death caused by UV-radiation is a function of radiation dose.
      Thymocyte death induced by UV-light, in contrast to gamma-radiation, is not
      accompanied by chromatin degradation. With UV-irradiation, irreparable DNA breaks
      are not responsible for thymocyte death. Cycloheximide, but not cysteamine,
      prevents the UV-induced cell death.

PMID- 3399630
TI  - [Ionic permeability of sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes damaged by x-rays].
AB  - As early as 1 and 24 h following single local X-irradiation (0.21 C/kg) of rabbit
      hindlimbs an increase was noted in the permeability of skeletal muscle
      sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes for Ca2+, K+ and Na+. The effect was maximum 1 h
      after irradiation and more pronounced for K+ and Na+ than Ca2+.

PMID- 3399631
TI  - [Postradiation changes in count and contact properties of neutrophilic
      granulocytes of the bone marrow in short-term culture].
AB  - A study was made of adherence to plastic Petri dishes and viability (as non
      pyknotic cell counts) of rat bone marrow cells cultured for 5 to 22 h in 199
      medium containing 15 per cent fresh isologous serum. An overall decrease in the
      number of viable myelokaryocytes, including mature neutrophils, was observed in
      the cultures irradiated with doses of 3 to 12 Gy. In addition, gamma-irradiation
      increased substantially the adherence of neutrophils and, to a lesser extent, of
      other myelokaryocytes. A possibility of early radiation-induced disturbances in
      granulocytic maturation is discussed.

PMID- 3399632
TI  - [Late nonstochastic sequelae of gamma irradiation of lymphoid cells].
AB  - In experiments with a suspension culture of human Raji lymphoid cells it was
      shown that a 40 per cent deceleration of the population growth induced by 2.5 Gy
      gamma-radiation persisted within the following 15-16 generations, afterwards it
      gradually normalized to reach the control level in the 21st generation. However,
      the incompleteness of recovery was displayed with the repeated exposure and
      cultivation of cells under hyperthermia (40 degrees C) up to the 27th generation.

PMID- 3399633
TI  - [Dosimetric criterion for the intestinal form of acute radiation lesions in man.
      The loss of the barrier properties of the small intestine--an index of the
      severity of the lesion].
AB  - Dynamics of cell regeneration in the small intestine epithelium of man has been
      investigated in normal conditions and after acute exposure to ionizing radiation.
      It is suggested that the severity and outcome of the intestinal form of acute
      radiation sickness are determined by the time interval within which the number of
      functional cells of the epithelium villi remains below some threshold level that
      provides the retention of barrier properties of the small intestine.

PMID- 3399634
TI  - [Dependence of the therapeutic benefit factor on the dose of fast neutrons].
AB  - An analytical equation was obtained to describe the therapeutic effectiveness
      factor (TEF) as a function of radiation dose. By this equation TEF function of
      dose was found for rhabdomyosarcoma that showed a considerable dependence of TEF
      upon dose fractionation schedule. At the same time, TEF gave no unique
      information on the advantage of neutron therapy since doses at which TEF was
      maximum did not correspond to those providing the highest effectiveness of the
      treatment.

PMID- 3399635
TI  - [Total bioelectrical activity of the sensorimotor and visual cortices in rabbits
      during early neurological disorders from gamma irradiation at high doses].
AB  - The overall bioelectrical activity of the sensorimotor and visual brain cortex of
      rabbits was estimated during early neurological impairment caused by 120 Gy gamma
      irradiation. The characteristic changes were revealed in the amplitude, form,
      energy spectrum and spatial biopotential synchronization. The changes in the
      bioelectrical activity of the brain were associated with the clinically displayed
      stages of the neurological process development.

PMID- 3399636
TI  - [The importance of the external cell membrane and its thiols for realizing the
      radioprotective effect of anoxia].
AB  - In experiments with Ehrlich ascites tumor cells, using a specific thiol blocker,
      6,6'-dithiodinicotinic acid, that does not penetrate the cell and therefore only
      binds SH-groups of peripheral areas of an external cell membrane, it was
      demonstrated that (1) the external cell membrane is the site where the
      radioprotective effect of anoxia (the oxygen effect) is realised (2) thiols of
      the external cell membrane contribute markedly to the oxygen effect, and (3) they
      are needed at both stages of its realization.

PMID- 3399637
TI  - [Correlation between the complex of body reactions to exposure to acute hypoxia
      and individual radiosensitivity in irradiation at a dose of 200 Gr].
AB  - A study was made of a correlation between the response of basal metabolism to
      acute hypoxia and the life span of rats after irradiation resulting in the
      development of a cerebral form of radiation sickness. The more radiosensitive
      animals consumed a larger amount of oxygen, exhaled a lesser amount of carbon
      dioxide, and showed an increased normal expiratory exchange per minute. After the
      effect of acute hypoxia all the indices under study exhibited an opposite
      picture.

PMID- 3399640
TI  - [Cytogenetic research on the blood lymphocytes of rats exposed separately and
      jointly to 45Ca and 131I].
AB  - A cytogenetic study was made of rat blood lymphocytes affected by incorporated
      45Ca and 131I delivered separately and in a combination. The cytogenetic effect
      of a combination of the incorporated radionuclides was lower than that produced
      by 45Ca alone and, all the more so, lower than the additive effect of 45Ca and
      131I.

PMID- 3399639
TI  - [Alkaline phosphatase activity of the blood serum in dogs exposed jointly to
      external gamma irradiation and alpha radiation].
AB  - Alkaline phosphatase activity in dog blood serum was studied for two years
      following separate and combined exposure to gamma radiation (6.45 to 51.6 mC/kg)
      and inhaled submicron 239Pu oxide, containing 25 per cent of 241Am, in
      chronically effective amounts (approximately 7-10 kBq/kg). Alkaline phosphatase
      activity was of an undulatory character, and the significance of changes depended
      upon the kind and the level of radiation as well as the time lapsed from the
      start of the exposure. With the combined exposure to gamma and alpha radiation in
      the doses used, no enhancement of the effect was noted as compared with the
      action of each factor applied separately.

PMID- 3399638
TI  - [Brain metabolism of sarcoma 45-bearing rats undergoing radiation and the effect
      of hyperthermia on the tumor].
AB  - Activity of hexokinase and acetylcholinesterase and pyridoxal co-enzyme content
      of brain subcellular fractions were studied in rats, bearing sarcoma 45, after
      local exposure of the tumor to 20 Gy X-radiation and microwave hyperthermia. The
      carbohydrate metabolism was sharply inhibited while the pyridoxal coenzyme
      content and acetylcholinesterase activity increased.

PMID- 3399641
TI  - [The course of skin radiation reactions after treatment with the preparation
      nucliderm-gel].
AB  - The process of epithelialization and the antiseptic effect of nucliderm-gel
      applied locally have been studied on 63 oncologic patients subjected to
      radiotherapy. In all cases under study, nucliderm-gel promotes skin
      epithelialization and has a high antiseptic effect as compared with the drugs
      applied hitherto.

PMID- 3399643
TI  - [The entropic function and radioprotective effectiveness of N-substituted S-2
      aminoethylthiosulfates].
AB  - Within the framework of an informational approach and the statistical method of
      comparison of qualitative parameters, a systemic factor is proposed, that is, the
      difference between entropy functions of hydrogen and carbon in the molecular
      structure that permits to reliably distinguish highly radioprotective agents
      among a series of drugs. A limiting factor (hydrophobicity) that restricts the
      manifestation of radioprotective properties of potential radioprotectors is
      considered. A relationship between toxic properties of the protective agents and
      their structure is discussed.

PMID- 3399642
TI  - [Quantitative patterns of a model of intratracheal administration in an
      experiment].
AB  - The distribution of 239PuO2 (241Am) and BeO (7BeO) within the lungs of rats and
      dogs after the intratracheal administration was found to follow a normal law. The
      amplitude of deposition variations reached 98 per cent of the amount
      administered. It is recommended to group the experimental animals by individual
      deposition estimates.

PMID- 3399644
TI  - [Combined lesion in rats from 89Sr and 131I in their repeated uptake into the
      body].
AB  - The results are submitted concerning the biological effect of 89Sr and 131I
      delivered separately and in a combination within a wide dose range. 89Sr has
      proved to be the major contributor to the effect observed. The effect produced by
      the radionuclides delivered in a combination was lesser than additive.

PMID- 3399645
TI  - [Quantitative evaluation of the effectiveness of exposure of the joints to 239Pu
      and tributyl phosphate by the degree of leukopenia in rats].
AB  - The efficiency of the combined effect of 239Pu and tributyl phosphate was
      estimated by the severity of leucopenia in Wistar rats using the regression
      method and comparing the value of the actual change with the expected one. It was
      shown that the additive effect of the two agents delivered simultaneously was
      only exceeded when their doses were the largest that is, approximate the acute
      levels. With levels ranging from subacute effective to minimum effective ones the
      additivity diminished.

PMID- 3399646
TI  - [The low-dose problem in radiobiology].
AB  - Three aspects of the problem of "low doses" in radiobiology are discussed, they
      are: (1) universality of the stimulatory effect of penetrating radiation on
      biological objects, (2) the doses used, and (3) the damages induced by
      irradiation with these doses.

PMID- 3399647
TI  - [Results of chemo- and radiotherapy of malignant neoplasms of various sites].

PMID- 3399648
TI  - [Choice of target volume of intensive preoperative irradiation in combined
      therapy of patients with breast cancer].

PMID- 3399649
TI  - [Planning the radiotherapy of prostatic cancer taking into consideration the
      topographic-morphometric autopsy findings in pelvic and lumbar lymph nodes].

PMID- 3399650
TI  - The effect of gamma-irradiation and diet on superoxide dismutase activity and
      lipid peroxidation in some tissues of rats.

PMID- 3399651
TI  - Serum glucose and liver glycogen in gamma irradiated rats.

PMID- 3399653
TI  - [Glucocorticoids and the androgen function of the adrenal cortex during
      irradiation with gamma rays].

PMID- 3399652
TI  - Lipids in bone marrow and thymus of continuously irradiated rats.

PMID- 3399655
TI  - Radioepitheliitis in the oral cavity and cumulative radiation effect.

PMID- 3399654
TI  - [Functional status of gastrin-producing cells in patients with gastric cancer
      during local irradiation].

PMID- 3399656
TI  - [Synthesis and characterization of m-I-benzylguanidine].

PMID- 3399657
TI  - [131-I-MIBG--pharmacokinetics and dosimetry].

PMID- 3399659
TI  - [Preparation of a tin colloid for leukocyte labeling with 99mTc].

PMID- 3399660
TI  - [Comparison of the in vivo stability of different kinds of 211At-labeled
      particles].

PMID- 3399661
TI  - [NMR spectroscopic studies of the rat liver following administration of 15N
      glycine].

PMID- 3399658
TI  - [Complexation behavior and biodistribution in the rat of 99mTc-labeled
      aminoalkylphosphonic acids].

PMID- 3399662
TI  - [Radiation protection during the collection, storage and disposal of 131I
      contaminated sewage].

PMID- 3399663
TI  - [Diagnosis of functional bile outflow disorders following cholecystectomy using
      functional hepatobiliary scintigraphy and pharmacological testing].

PMID- 3399664
TI  - [Control of the therapeutic prevention of copper uptake in the liver in Wilson's
      disease following oral administration of 64Cu].

PMID- 3399665
TI  - [99mTc-HMPAO pharmacokinetics in probands. Initial experiences with planar
      cerebral perfusion scintigraphy].

PMID- 3399666
TI  - [Hemorheologic monitoring of thyroid cancer patients treated with mega
      radioiodine therapy].

PMID- 3399668
TI  - [Use of semiconductor detector probes for the intraoperative localization of
      hormone-active tumors].

PMID- 3399667
TI  - [Value of pre- and postoperative thyroid scintigraphy using Tl-201].

PMID- 3399669
TI  - [Diagnostic localization of tumors of neuroectodermal origin using 131I-m
      benzylguanidine].

PMID- 3399670
TI  - [Study of the partial functions of the spleen following partial resection of the
      spleen in childhood--initial experience].

PMID- 3399671
TI  - [Bone biopsy of uncertain bone lesions using a new biopsy cannula measuring 1.4
      mm].
AB  - Bone biopsy for the clarification of ambiguous lesions has until now been the
      last resort in diagnostic procedures because obtaining the material for
      histological evaluation has involved very traumatizing methods (biopsy by
      surgical intervention, percutaneous biopsy with high-caliber needles). A new bone
      biopsy apparatus has now been developed that is provided with a cannula not much
      larger than a fine needle (1,4 mm); it can be used to obtain histologically
      evaluable biopsy material from almost all regions of the skeletal system. As the
      procedure can be carried out under local anesthesia, there is no undue stress to
      the patient. The complication risk is no higher than when using conventional fine
      needle biopsy. Despite the small diameter of this needle it is possible to obtain
      biopsy specimens not only of osteolytic but also of osteoplastic lesions. An
      electric motor (20 rotations/min) is the power source for apparatus. The value of
      bone biopsy in diagnostic procedures has increased considerably.

PMID- 3399672
TI  - [Fine-needle and incisional biopsy technics in the percutaneous puncture of
      abdominal space-occupying lesions].
AB  - Cutting needles for guided percutaneous biopsy of abdominal tumors have been
      introduced in recent years and provide better results than fine-needle
      aspiration. A total of 292 biopsies in 273 patients were evaluated
      retrospectively. The diagnostic accuracy was 83.4% with cutting needles and 54.4%
      for fine-needle aspiration. The sensitivity in detection of malignancy was 86.8%
      and 88.6%, respectively. The location of the lesion to be biopsied determined
      whether CT or US was used for guidance. US control was used in biopsies of the
      upper abdomen; CT was preferred for guidance in the retroperitoneal space and in
      the pelvis. The caliber of the cutting needles in transperitoneal or
      transintestinal biopsy was limited to 19 gauge. The complication risk using
      cutting needles up to 18 gauge is no higher than for fine-needle aspiration
      biopsy if suitable access routes are selected.

PMID- 3399673
TI  - [Time-dependent changes in signal intensity in neoplastic and inflammatory
      lesions of the musculoskeletal system following intravenous administration of Gd
      DTPA].
AB  - In 48 patients with primary and secondary bone and soft tissue tumors and in 6
      patients with inflammatory diseases of bone, the increase in signal intensity
      after i.v. administration of Gd-DTPA (0.1 mmol/kg body wt) was assessed in
      pathologic and normal tissues of the musculoskeletal system by means of a FLASH
      sequence (TR = 40 ms, TE = 10 ms, tip angle 90 degrees). In normal tissues the
      increase of signal intensity was slower and less pronounced than in lesions.
      Malignant tumors showed a more pronounced and rapid increase in signal intensity
      than benign tumors and inflammatory tissue. It was possible to differentiate
      necrotic areas and peritumorous edema from tumorous and inflammatory tissue. The
      increase in signal intensity was perceptibly slower and less pronounced in
      malignant tumors exposed to cytostatic therapy than in malignant tumors without
      therapy.

PMID- 3399674
TI  - [Magnetic resonance tomographic findings in spinal lipomas].
AB  - The diagnosis of spinal lipoma was confirmed by computed tomography (CT) or
      magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in six patients. MRI was superior to CT and
      myelography in detection of a tethered cord in combination with a lipoma. Fatty
      tissue, especially in the extradural intraspinal compartment, is not necessarily
      a pathologic finding. The etiology of spinal lipomas remains obscure. The
      seemingly idiosyncratic genesis of fatty tissue is discussed with reference to
      one of the patients in this series.

PMID- 3399675
TI  - [Pippow's syndrome].
AB  - For the first time since the initial report of aplasia of vertebral joints and
      brachydactyly occurring in a sibship, a similar family history of this rare
      dystostosis is presented. The following triad of symptoms is significant: a)
      hypoplasia of the laminae and of the articular and transverse processes of the
      vertebrae in the thoracolumbar region; b) cranial shift of the vertebral
      junctions; and c) brachydactyly. "Pippow's syndrome" and "Pippow's dysostosis"
      are suggested as possible names for this condition.

PMID- 3399676
TI  - [Bone metastases?].

PMID- 3399677
TI  - Mass spectrometric identification of urinary and plasma metabolites of 9-hydroxy
      19,20-bis-nor-prostanoic acid (rosaprostol).
AB  - 9-Hydroxy-19,20-bis-nor-prostanoic acid (Rosaprostol) is an antiulcer compound
      with antisecretory and cytoprotective action. We studied the metabolites of
      Rosaprostol found in human plasma and in human and rat urine. Sixteen different
      metabolites were tentatively identified on the basis of their mass spectra. Two
      presumed metabolites were synthesized. To clarify the identities of some of them,
      deuterated Rosaprostol was administered to rats and mass spectra of the
      deuterated and protonated metabolites were examined. Rosaprostol is metabolized
      following three metabolic pathways leading, combined, to oxidized compounds with
      a lower number of carbons than the parent drug.

PMID- 3399678
TI  - Activity of platelet-activating factor (PAF) acetylhydrolase in plasma from
      patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease.
AB  - Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is metabolized by a specific enzyme, PAF
      acetylhydrolase, which may play an important role in the manifestation of the
      biological activities of PAF in vivo. The activity of PAF acetylhydrolase in
      plasma of patients with ischemic stroke was higher than that in healthy controls.
      The incidence of irreversible platelet aggregation in response to PAF, as well as
      to ADP, was found to be higher in patients than in controls. The patients whose
      platelets responded with irreversible aggregation to PAF displayed a higher
      activity of plasma PAF acetylhydrolase than those with only reversible
      aggregation. In controls, PAF acetylhydrolase activity correlated positively,
      although weakly, with LDL-cholesterol, which may reflect the major role of LDL in
      carrying this enzyme. However, since there was no significant difference in
      plasma levels of lipids and apoproteins between patients and controls (except for
      apo B) and there was no significant relationship between the enzyme activity and
      the levels of other lipids and apoproteins, it is unlikely that increased plasma
      level of PAF acetylhydrolase activity in stroke patients is accounted for by an
      abnormality of lipoprotein metabolism. Platelet hyperfunction may be associated
      with augmented generation of PAF, which, in turn, may bring about the induction
      of the inactivating enzyme, PAF acetylhydrolase.

PMID- 3399680
TI  - Rearrangement of 5S, 12S-dihydroxy-6,8,10,14-(E,Z,E,Z)-eicosatetraenoic acid
      during gas chromatography: formation of a cyclohexadiene derivative.
AB  - The 5S, 12S-dihydroxy-6,8,10,14-(E,Z,E,Z,)-eicosatetraenoic acid, a product of
      double dioxygenation of arachidonic acid by lipoxygenases, undergoes severe
      decomposition during gas chromatography-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) analysis of
      the trimethylsilyl ether methyl ester derivative. The decomposition product was
      studied by GC-MS and identified as a cyclohexadiene derivative of the parent
      compound formed by ring closure at C6 and C11. Under identical GC conditions, two
      stereoisomers, i.e. 5S,12R-dihydroxy-6,8,10,14-(Z,E,E,Z)-eicosatetraenoic acid
      (leukotriene B4), and 6-trans-leukotriene B4 showed excellent chromatographic
      properties. These data indicated that the 5,12-dihydroxy derivative of
      arachidonic acid carrying the trans-cis-trans triene unit selectively undergoes
      cyclization during GC. These studies also provided an explanation to the
      controversial GC-MS data reported for this lipoxygenase product.

PMID- 3399679
TI  - Thromboxane increases pulmonary vascular resistance and transvascular fluid and
      protein exchange after pulmonary microembolism.
AB  - We compared the effects of inhibition of thromboxane synthetase with antagonism
      of thromboxane A2 (TxA2)/prostaglandin H2 receptors on the changes in pulmonary
      hemodynamics and pulmonary transvascular fluid and protein exchange following
      thrombin-induced pulmonary microembolism. Studies were made in chronically
      instrumented unanesthetized sheep prepared with lung lymph fistulas. Control
      thrombin challenged sheep (n = 5) were compared to animals pretreated with
      Dazoxiben (the Dazoxiben-thrombin group, n = 8) or animals pretreated with L
      640,035 (the L-640,035-thrombin group, n = 5). In the control-thrombin sheep,
      plasma TxA2 concentration rose after thrombin and the response was inhibited in
      the Dazoxiben-thrombin group. The rise in the plasma TxA2 concentration was
      greater in the L-640,035-thrombin group than in the control-thrombin group. In
      the control-thrombin group, thrombin produced a sustained increase in the
      pulmonary transvascular protein clearance (pulmonary lymph flow x lymph/plasma
      protein concentration ratio) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). In the
      Dazoxiben-thrombin group, increases in both pulmonary transvascular protein
      clearance and PVR after thrombin were less than in the control-thrombin group. In
      the L-640,035-thrombin group, thrombin initially increased pulmonary
      transvascular protein clearance and PVR to the same levels as the control group;
      however, both protein clearance and PVR declined with time, in contrast to the
      sustained responses in the control-thrombin group. These differences may be
      related to the initially greater increase in plasma TxA2 concentrations after
      thrombin in the L-640,035-treated animals. The results indicate that TxA2 plays a
      role in mediating the increases in PVR and contributes to increases in pulmonary
      transvascular fluid and protein exchange after thrombin-induced pulmonary
      microembolism.

PMID- 3399682
TI  - There is a case for PAF-acether antagonists. Abstracts of the conference. Paris,
      France, May 25-27, 1988.

PMID- 3399681
TI  - The effect of an orally active leukotriene (LT) D4 antagonist WY-48, 252 on LTD4
      and antigen-induced bronchoconstrictions in allergic sheep.
AB  - In this study we examined the effects of a new orally active leukotriene (LT) D4
      receptor antagonist, WY-48,252 (1,1,1-trifluoro-N-[3-(2
      quinolinylmethoxy)phenyl]methanesulfonamide), on LTD4-induced bronchoconstriction
      and antigen-induced early and late responses in allergic sheep. For all studies
      WY-48,252 10 mg/kg, was administered via intragastric tube 1 h prior to airway
      challenge. In seven sheep, airway challenge with LTD4 [delivered dose mean +/-
      SE, 53 +/- 2 micrograms] resulted in an immediate increase in SRL to 600 +/- 18%
      over baseline. When these same sheep were treated with WY-48,252, airway
      challenge with LTD4 (delivered dose, 61 +/- 5 micrograms) resulted in only a 220
      +/- 50% increase in SRL (p less than 0.05 vs placebo). The drug had no effect on
      baseline SRL. WY-48,252 was also effective in reducing early responses and
      blocking late responses to inhaled antigen in allergic sheep (n = 7). In the
      control trial, airway challenge with Ascaris suum antigen resulted in immediate
      and late (i.e. 6-8 h) increases in SRL of 499% and 138% over baseline (both
      responses, p less than 0.05). When these same sheep were pretreated with WY
      48,252 the immediate antigen-induced increase in SRL was 171% and the late
      response was 49% over baseline (both responses p less than 0.05 vs control).
      These results indicate that WY-48,252 is a LTD4 antagonist in allergic sheep. The
      ability of this compound to modify antigen-induced early responses and to block
      antigen-induced late responses suggests that the generation of LTD4 during airway
      anaphylaxis contributes to both responses.

PMID- 3399683
TI  - [The enigma of femininity. New theses on female development, extracted from the
      work of Sigmund Freud].

PMID- 3399684
TI  - [Significance of the father for the psychosexual development of the female. A
      clinical contribution].

PMID- 3399685
TI  - [The complex character of feminine identity. Considerations of the developmental
      course].

PMID- 3399686
TI  - [A new interest in psychoanalysis].

PMID- 3399687
TI  - [The discreet analyst: reflections on supervision in psychoanalytic education].

PMID- 3399688
TI  - Dismembering of traditional hysteria-pithiatism.

PMID- 3399689
TI  - Pithiatism--lost but not forgotten.

PMID- 3399690
TI  - Changing relationships between men and women.

PMID- 3399691
TI  - A rating scale of somatic symptoms.
AB  - The Rating Scale of Somatic Symptoms is an observer rating scale designed to
      measure the severity of somatic distress and to measure changes in research in
      therapeutics, such as in drug trials. The cues for rating are clearly defined,
      the scale is valid and reliable, and the ratings change sensitively with
      treatment.

PMID- 3399693
TI  - Amphetamine psychosis: clinical presentations and differential diagnosis.

PMID- 3399692
TI  - Accuracy of chart diagnoses of alcoholism in patients with a history of
      psychosis.
AB  - At two psychiatric clinics, 76 patients with a history of psychosis were
      interviewed by a researcher blind to the presence or absence of a chart diagnosis
      of alcoholism. Another person blind to research diagnosis ascertained the chart
      diagnosis of alcoholism. The lifetime prevalence of alcoholism, according to a
      structured research interview, was 45% at a mental health center, and 29% at a
      teaching hospital clinic. When compared to the lifetime prevalence of alcoholism,
      as determined by the research interview, chart diagnoses had sensitivities of 21%
      and 20%, respectively; specificity was 100% at both sites. Psychiatric chart
      diagnoses are not sensitive indicators of psychiatric patients' alcoholism.

PMID- 3399694
TI  - Correlation of parameters of urinary excretion with serum osmolality among
      patients with psychosis, intermittent hyponatremia, and polydipsia (PIP
      syndrome).
AB  - Nine patients (seven men and two women, mean age 36.3 +/- SD 6.7 years), six of
      whom had schizophrenic disorders, two of whom had bipolar disorder (manic
      depressive illness), and one of whom had schizoaffective disorder, manifested
      psychosis, intermittent hyponatremia, and polydipsia (PIP syndrome). Their stable
      pattern of hyposthenuria allowed us to predict 24-hr urinary volume on the basis
      of estimated daily urinary creatinine and early morning urinary creatinine
      concentration. Lithium and carbamazepine (Tegretol) had little, if any, effect on
      polyuria. Correlations of parameters of urinary excretion with serum osmolality
      among our nine PIP patients failed to implicate water consumption as the
      exclusive cause of serum hypoosmolality and attendant complications usually
      ascribed to "water toxicity" in the PIP syndrome. Discussed, also, is the overlap
      of the clinical and laboratory features of the PIP syndrome with the clinical and
      laboratory features of both diabetes insipidus and the syndrome of inappropriate
      antidiuresis.

PMID- 3399695
TI  - Interest of major corporations in expanded practice of occupational health
      nurses.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to ascertain the interest by executives of major
      corporations in having occupational health nurses engage in more advanced
      activities, and to ascertain the available support for advanced educational
      preparation for nurses. A questionnaire was sent to a systematic sample of 404 of
      the 808 executives of the Forbes 500 corporations with a 57% return rate. Over
      90% of the corporations with health care departments employed registered nurses.
      Functions nurses currently performed varied by size of the corporation and by
      type of industry. Activities corporations would like nurses to perform were more
      advanced, such as conducting research, analyzing trends, and developing special
      health programs.

PMID- 3399696
TI  - A model of organizational power: analysis and significance to nursing.
AB  - In this article a causal model of the process of interorganizational power is
      presented with results of one test using survey data from 39 non-nursing
      organizations. The model argues that interaction strategies of organizations are
      outcomes of the relative basis and use of resources in interorganizational
      transactions. Multiple regression and multiple-partial correlation analyses were
      used to analyze the data. The findings partially support the model and indicate
      that it holds promise for development and refinement. Conclusions are that the
      model should be tested with nursing organizations and used to conceptualize
      additional aspects of the power process that nursing can foster.

PMID- 3399698
TI  - Home birth and hospital deliveries: a comparison of the perceived painfulness of
      parturition.
AB  - Cognitive assessments of the amount of pain associated with childbirth by parents
      electing either homebirth (n = 282) or hospital delivery (n = 191) were compared
      using Thurstone's univariate scaling method of paired comparisons. Subjects
      compared the pain of childbirth with 8 other painful events. The hospital birth
      group rated childbirth pain significantly higher than the homebirth group. In the
      homebirth group, females considered the pain to be less than the males, and in
      the hospital birth group, the females rated pain higher than the males.

PMID- 3399697
TI  - Perception of daily stress and oral coping behaviors in normal, overweight, and
      recovering alcoholic women.
AB  - One method of coping with perceived stress is the use of oral behaviors (e.g.,
      eating, drinking, smoking). This study addressed the influence of perceived daily
      stress level (day rated as pleasant, neutral, or unpleasant) on oral behaviors in
      three groups of women, aged 25 to 45. Subjects included 37 female normal alcohol
      users of normal weight, 23 recovering alcoholics of normal weight, and 37 normal
      alcohol users who were 25% to 100% overweight. The normals responded to daily
      stress levels by changing their oral behaviors in predictable and consistent
      ways. On unpleasant days, the normals and the recovering alcoholic women ate more
      sweet, starchy, and salty/spicy foods. The overweight women ate more food,
      especially salty/spicy and sweet foods regardless of the type of day. The
      alcoholic women desired alcohol and smoked more than the other two groups all the
      time. Hence, the alcoholics and overweight women desired to or engaged in their
      habituated oral behaviors regardless of fluctuating daily stress levels.

PMID- 3399699
TI  - Differences in the performances of baccalaureate, associate degree, and diploma
      nurses: a meta-analysis.
AB  - The findings of 139 studies of nurses educated in one of three basic nursing
      education programs (associate degree, diploma, and baccalaureate degree) were
      synthesized using meta-analysis. The results indicated significant differences
      between professional (BSN) and technical (AD and diploma) nurses on measures of
      nurse performance. Measures resulting in larger effects for professional nurses
      included communication skills, knowledge, problem-solving, and professional role.
      No differences resulted from studies of nurses from the two technical programs,
      AD and diploma. Further analyses indicated that the effects could not be solely
      attributed to substantive and methodological features of the studies. However,
      the hospital setting where a study was conducted and years of nursing experience
      decreased the size of the effect. The results of the meta-analysis have
      implications for policy development about educational preparation and for service
      expectations of professional and technical nurses.

PMID- 3399700
TI  - Reasons for nonparticipation in continuing nursing education.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to identify the dimensions underlying the reasons
      given by nurses for not participating in continuing education activities. Data
      were collected through a 50-item questionnaire mailed to a stratified random
      sample of nurses who had not completed any credit course since entering practice.
      Application of exploratory factor analytic procedures revealed eight conceptually
      interpretable dimensions. Results indicate that nonparticipant nurses were
      influenced primarily by attitudinal (e.g. lack of perceived need) and situational
      variables (e.g. time constraints due to work) rather than by those associated
      with continuing education sponsors.

PMID- 3399701
TI  - International Symposium on Tachykinins. 20-23 July 1988, Graz, Austria.
      Abstracts.

PMID- 3399702
TI  - [Evaluation of cardiovascular responses to handgrip tests in patients with
      ischemic heart disease by radionuclide method].
AB  - Left ventricular responses to handgrip exercise test in patients with ischemic
      heart disease were assessed by RI methods. We subdivided into three groups (A:
      delta EF more than 5% increased, B: delta EF -5%-+5% no change, C: delta EF less
      than 5% reduced), left ventricular contractility (LVEF/LVET) and Tl defect score
      changed significantly in global EF reduced group, moreover the usefulness of
      handgrip test was assured. This instrument is low cost, safety, small size, and
      available for wide ranged ages.

PMID- 3399704
TI  - [Equipments and instruments for use in radiological protection. IX.
      Characteristics and use of radiation waste disposal apparatus].

PMID- 3399703
TI  - [Relationship between parathyroid hormone and magnesium in sera of the dementia
      patients].
AB  - The dementia patients with central nervous or neuro-cerebro vascular disorders
      seemed to be decreased serum Mg due to abnormal Mg uptake in diet. An increment
      of PTH level was paralleled with a rise of serum Mg and hypomagnesemic group was
      shown to have a lower PTH level in these patients. Our results suggested that
      secondary hypoparathyroidism was likely to be induced by normo-calcemic
      hypomagnesemia.

PMID- 3399705
TI  - [Isolated pulmonary actinomycosis].

PMID- 3399706
TI  - [Selective coronarography and left ventriculography using iopamidol in the early
      phase of myocardial infarct].
AB  - The new techniques for an early treatment of acute myocardial infarction (AMI),
      such as thrombolysis and percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, often necessitate
      rapid and accurate radiological evaluation of coronaric lesions and left
      ventricular function. The aim of the present study was to evaluate both safety
      and tolerability of selective coronarography (SC) and left ventriculography
      (LVG), with iopamidol 370 mg I/ml as a contrast medium, in the acute phase of
      AMI. Thirty-nine patients aged 26-29 years, were examined: 18, group A, within 4
      days (mean 2.6 +/- 0.8 SD) and 21, group B, within 5-15 days after AMI (mean 8.8
      +/- 3 SD). Contrast media (cm) dosage varied from 150 to 300 ml (2.43-5.5 ml/bw).
      During the procedure, ECG was continuously recorded; left ventricular pressure
      was registered immediately before and 30 minutes after cm administration. During
      the following 9 days ECG tracings and plasmatic cytolysis enzymes were monitored.
      During the examinations no patient complained of any symptoms. After LVG slight
      elevations in end diastolic pressure were detected in all patients (mean increase
      4.7 mmHg), which were not relevant from a clinical point of view. In 11/39 cases
      ventricular tachycardia was observed, which spontaneously ceased. During SC no
      change in ECG tracings was registered except in one patient, group A, in whom
      complete transitory heart block was detected. After SC no alteration in
      instrumental and biochemical parameters was registered except in one patient,
      group B, in whom a reinfarction due to right coronaric artery occlusion was
      observed. In conclusion, our results suggest that both SC and LVG with iopamidol
      are safe techniques also in the early phase of myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3399707
TI  - [Gadolinium DTPA in magnetic resonance. Clinical experience in intracranial
      pathology].
AB  - Sixty-seven patients with various intracranial pathologies were studied using Gd
      DTPA as a contrast medium applied to MRI. This paramagnetic substance was well
      tolerated by all patients, and proved particularly useful in improving the
      diagnosis of extra-axial tumors, in which a rich enhancement was always present.
      Gd-DTPA allowed a better definition of the tumor outlines, as well as its
      differentiation from edema, and the demonstration of its relationship to brain
      parenchyma and cerebral vessels. This was particularly true for meningiomas,
      which often display poor contrast enhancement at MRI. Even though acoustic
      neuromas had, as a rule, high signal intensity, Gd-DTPA was useful to precisely
      recognize the intracanalar part of the tumor. The value of Gd-DTPA was less
      evident in intra-axial lesions. It proved nonetheless useful in demonstrating the
      portions of the tumor where, due to alterations in BBB, enhancement was present.
      This allowed both to characterize the lesion and to perform accurate biopsies.

PMID- 3399708
TI  - [Osteoarticular amyloidosis caused by dialysis].
AB  - The accumulation of amyloid in the bone and joint system has recently been
      recognized as a peculiar disease in patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis (5
      years at least), especially in those who use cuprophan membranes. The pathology
      of amyloidosis is characterized by deposits of amyloid (beta 2-microglobulin
      mainly) in the bone, in the synovia, and in pericapsular soft tissues. The
      skeleton of 46 long-term hemodialysis patients (19 males and 27 females) was
      studied by X-ray: bone and joint abnormalities due to amyloid deposition were
      observed in 45% of cases. The shoulder, hip, and wrist were the most frequently
      involved joints. Destructive spondyloarthropathy was present in 15% of cases. The
      radiographic patterns of AOD are generally divided into axial and peripheral
      lesions. In the appendicular skeleton abnormalities include: well-defined lytic
      areas (geodes), pathologic fractures, marginal erosions, and periarticular soft
      tissue swelling. Destructive spondyloarthropathy is frequently present in the
      cervical spine (85% of our cases), and is characterized by narrowing of the
      intervertebral space, marginal erosion, and subchondral bone sclerosis of the
      vertebral body.

PMID- 3399709
TI  - [Malignant lymphomas with thoracic localization. Problems of semeiology and
      radiological staging].
AB  - A series of 234 malignant lymphomas (121 Hodgkin lymphomas and 113 non-Hodgkin
      lymphomas) observed at the Brescia City Hospital between 1981 and 1987 has been
      reviewed. This paper is aimed at assessing: 1) in which sectors of the staging
      radiology is indicated; 2) which radiological techniques are needed for the
      staging of chest lymphomas; 3) which impact they have on the therapeutic program.
      All patients underwent chest X-ray, which was integrated by conventional
      tomography in 80% of cases. Only 76 patients underwent CT: 35 times for staging,
      and 69 times for restaging (overall figure: 104). The two techniques were
      compared: in untreated patients CT gave supplementary information in 19 out of 35
      cases (54.3%). In 7 patients (20%) the findings were such as to determine a
      change in the previous staging; only in a case (2.8%) was the management
      affected; in treated patients CT proved to be superior to conventional radiology
      in 28 out of 69 cases (40.56%) and allowed the possibility of a recurrence (which
      was suggested by clinical and radiological findings) to be ruled out in 23
      patients (33.3%). In our opinion, CT should not be used as a routine
      investigation in the staging of malignant thoracic lymphomas; on the contrary, it
      should be limited to selected cases, when a radical radiotherapy is to be
      performed, or when clinics and plain radiographs proved unable to assess the
      nature of a pathologic thoracic condition.

PMID- 3399710
TI  - [Clinico-radiological observations on pulmonary manifestations of leptospirosis
      during the Montefeltro epidemic].
AB  - During the summer of 1984, in the Montefeltro area an epidemic of leptospirosis
      took place from a common source. In 15% of the people affected, the disease
      involved the lungs. In 3 patients the disease had a deadly course; one decrease
      was due to ARDS. The clinical, anatomopathological, and radiological features are
      described of the patients who presented with lung involvement. Such an outcome
      proved to be more likely than we thought. X-ray pattern of the chest was a
      polymorphous appearance, in spite of the same anatomopathological substratum,
      characterized by lung edema and endoalveolar hemorrhages.

PMID- 3399711
TI  - [Dilatation of benign urethral stenosis using a balloon catheter].
AB  - The authors report their experience of benign urethral stricture dilatation by
      balloon catheter in 11 male patients. Ten posterior and 2 anterior urethral
      strictures were treated; in 1 patient several narrowings coexisted at various
      levels. Etiology was inflammatory in 4 cases, iatrogen in 3, post-traumatic in 2,
      and equivocal in 2. The patients were studied both before and soon after
      dilatation by means of retrograde and voiding cystourethrogram and uroflowgraphy;
      the follow-up (2-14 months) was performed by urodynamics alone. In all cases,
      dilatation was followed by the restoration of urethral gauge, together with
      prompt functional improvement of urodynamic parameters. The latter result
      subsisted in time in 9 patients. In 2 cases recurrences were observed,
      demonstrated at once by clinics and urodynamics. Both lesions were successfully
      re-treated. Neither early nor late complications occurred. In spite of the
      limited material, the valuable results obtained, together with the absence of
      complications, the peculiar morphology of recurrences, and the chance of
      repeating it make the procedure advisible as a valid alternative to conventional
      techniques for these pathologies.

PMID- 3399712
TI  - [Results of radiotherapy of carcinomas of the retromolar trigone observed at the
      Varese Regional Hospital].
AB  - Retromolar Trigone Carcinomas (RTC) are generally diagnosed at an advanced stage
      in spite of their accessible location. From December 1979 to January 1987 we
      examined 23 patients with RTC at the Varese Regional Hospital--three women and 20
      men, with an average age of 62.9 years. 21/23 patients were heavy cigarette
      smokers and consumed more than 1 l of alcohol per day. The patients were
      classified as 1 T1, 9 T2, 9 T3 and 4 T4 on the basis of TNM classification of
      malignant tumors. At the beginning of the treatment 12 patients had latero
      cervical metastatic nodes. Fifteen patients underwent radiotherapy with 60Co with
      doses ranging from 60 to 70 Gy. The patients without evident metastatic cervical
      nodes were also irradiated with doses of at least 45 Gy as a precautionary
      measure. The percentage of cumulative survival of these patients amounts to 41.1%
      after 3 years, while for relapse-free patients pcs amounts to 40.7% after 3
      years. In view of our results, we do not consider radiotherapy alone an effective
      treatment as a local cure for RTC. We intend to set up a new therapeutic protocol
      which incorporates surgery with radiotherapy and includes chemotherapy as
      necessary on the basis of T volume and of the presence of loco-regional
      metastatic nodes.

PMID- 3399713
TI  - [Splenic irradiation in the treatment of idiopathic myelofibrosis. Retrospective
      study of 14 cases].
AB  - A retrospective study was conducted on 14 patients with idiopathic myelofibrosis
      after splenic irradiation in order to cure the symptoms due to secondary
      splenomegaly. Radiation dose ranged from 700 to 2400 cGy, depending on both
      clinical response and hematological toxicity. Relief of symptoms was observed in
      all patients (100%); reduction of splenic size ranged from 30 to 70%, with more
      than 50% reduction in 13/16 cases. Side effects were mild neutropenia and
      thrombocytopenia, which did not require interruption of treatment; four patients
      registered a severe anemia. All the hematological side effects stopped with the
      suspension of treatment. This study shows the beneficial effect of radiation
      therapy on the symptoms connected to splenomegaly; however, the short duration of
      response suggests the advantage of splenic low-dose irradiation, to be
      periodically repeated.

PMID- 3399715
TI  - [Diastematomyelia. Radiological aspects].

PMID- 3399714
TI  - [Radiotherapy of testicular seminoma. Stages I and II A, B].
AB  - From June 1977 through June 1987, 46 patients (36 evaluable) affected by stage I
      and II non-bulky testicular seminoma were treated with postoperative
      telecobaltotherapy (TCT). In stage I seminomas, radiotherapy was extended to the
      omolateral iliac and the para-aortic areas (total dose: 30 Gy over 4 weeks). In
      stage II seminomas, the subdiaphragmatic lymph nodes were irradiated with 40-45
      Gy over 5-6 weeks; after an interval of one month the subdiaphragmatic lymph
      nodes were irradiated again with a total dose of 25 Gy over 3.5 weeks. Minimal
      follow-up lasted two years and maximum ten years (average: 5.5). Two (5.5%)
      recurrences occurred, but salvage radiotherapy and salvage chemotherapy
      respectively allowed a complete permanent remission. One patient died from a
      different neoplasia with no evidence of testicular involvement. The 5-year
      actuarial survival is 96.6 +/- 3.4. In 20% of the patients the side effects were
      nausea and/or vomiting, easily controlled. No late complications were observed.

PMID- 3399716
TI  - [Primary role of the standard chest examination in the diagnosis of pulmonary
      microlithiasis in its initial phase. Apropos of 2 cases].

PMID- 3399717
TI  - Systemic lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 3399718
TI  - Mucocutaneous changes in patients with lupus erythematosus. The relationship of
      these lesions to systemic disease.
AB  - The gamut of cutaneous lesions, as well as the spectrum of systemic disease, has
      been better characterized. In this section, the relationship of the skin lesion
      to systemic disease is discussed. Also, the importance of a careful
      characterization of the skin lesion is stressed. The therapy of cutaneous LE is
      also discussed.

PMID- 3399720
TI  - [Hepatic tuberculosis: study of 40 cases. Clinicobiological, morphological and
      bacteriological aspects].

PMID- 3399719
TI  - [Serum adenosine deaminase activity in Mediterranean spotted fever].

PMID- 3399721
TI  - [Bronchiolitis obliterans with idiopathic organizing pneumonia].

PMID- 3399722
TI  - [Rapidly progressive fever, cough and dyspnea, with a confused radiologic
      pattern].

PMID- 3399723
TI  - [Meningococcal meningitis in a subject with complement C8 factor deficiency].

PMID- 3399724
TI  - [Endocarditis caused by Q fever and nephropathy].

PMID- 3399725
TI  - [Restrictive myocardiopathy with good response to treatment as a presenting form
      of idiopathic hemochromatosis].

PMID- 3399726
TI  - [Methemoglobinemia secondary to the treatment of opportunistic infections in
      patients with AIDS].

PMID- 3399727
TI  - [Intrathoracic meningocele].

PMID- 3399728
TI  - [Panhypopituitarism of hypothalamic origin secondary to a lesion with
      hamartomatous characteristics].

PMID- 3399729
TI  - [Lithiasis and primary neoplasm of the gallbladder].

PMID- 3399730
TI  - [Recurrent nodular panniculitis secondary to pancreatic disease].

PMID- 3399732
TI  - [Pneumological drugs and the pregnant or lactating woman].

PMID- 3399731
TI  - [Cardiopulmonary adaptation to birth].
AB  - The cardio-pulmonary situation of the foetus is very special; certain changes
      occurring at the end of pregnancy make preparations for extra-uterine life. In
      the foetus, the two ventricles eject different outputs to the systemic and
      pulmonary circulation, these communicate between each other by the ductus
      arteriosus and the foramen ovale. The pulmonary output is very small on account
      of the high pulmonary resistance. The lungs do not participate in gas exchange
      (ensured by the placenta) they secrete a liquid maintaining airway distension;
      the synthesis of surfactant, whose role will be vital after birth, begins at the
      end of the second trimester of pregnancy. Dramatic changes occur at birth. The
      two ventricles now function in series, the shunts between the two circulations
      are shut. The lowering of the pulmonary vascular resistance, the aeration of the
      lungs, the formation of the functional residual capacity and the appearance of a
      regular and rhythmic respiration now enable the new born to ensure its own gas
      exchange.

PMID- 3399733
TI  - Bacteriological aspects of deep wound sepsis in surgery and orthopedics.

PMID- 3399734
TI  - Gentamicin-PMMA-chains in bone and soft-tissue infections.

PMID- 3399735
TI  - Gentamicin-polymethylmethacrylate chains in the treatment of infected cardiac
      pacemaker pouches--two case reports.

PMID- 3399736
TI  - Gentamicin-polymethylmethacrylate chains in colonic surgery.

PMID- 3399737
TI  - Gentamicin-PMMA chains (Septopal chains) for the local antibiotic treatment of
      chronic osteomyelitis.

PMID- 3399738
TI  - Local antibiotic therapy using gentamicin-PMMA chains in post-traumatic bone
      infections. Short and long-term results.

PMID- 3399739
TI  - Septopal chains in operations to exchange infected total hip arthroplasties.

PMID- 3399740
TI  - The options for local treatment of infections in jaw surgery.

PMID- 3399741
TI  - The local application of antibiotics in soft-tissue surgery.

PMID- 3399742
TI  - Infections of the hand.

PMID- 3399743
TI  - Options for the local prophylaxis and local treatment of surgical infections
      following vascular operations.

PMID- 3399744
TI  - Infected sternotomy following cardiac surgery.

PMID- 3399745
TI  - [Validity and usefulness of automatic non-invasive ambulatory blood pressure
      determination in 100 patients].

PMID- 3399746
TI  - [Diagnosis of the site of accessory atrioventricular conduction pathways by body
      surface mapping--an experimental study using in situ isolated beating heart
      model].

PMID- 3399747
TI  - [Significance of measurement of femoral vein flow velocity].

PMID- 3399748
TI  - [The effect of C1-inactivator (C1-INA) on endotoxin shock].

PMID- 3399749
TI  - [A case of successful surgical repair for infective endocarditis complicating
      coronary embolism].

PMID- 3399750
TI  - [A successful aortic valve replacement for the aortic valve prolapse with
      congenital bicuspid aortic valve].

PMID- 3399752
TI  - [Clinical experience with Greenfield vena cava filter].

PMID- 3399751
TI  - [A case of acute myocardial infarction without significant stenosis which was
      operated because of cardiac tamponade].

PMID- 3399754
TI  - Pathology of the uterine corpus.

PMID- 3399753
TI  - [A case of mediastinal tumor complicated with pulmonary venous thrombosis].

PMID- 3399755
TI  - Pathology of the uterine corpus.

PMID- 3399756
TI  - Diagnosis of pneumonia.

PMID- 3399757
TI  - Diagnosis of pneumonia.

PMID- 3399758
TI  - [Asthenia].

PMID- 3399759
TI  - [Oral antidiabetic agents, yes but...].

PMID- 3399760
TI  - [Polymyalgia rheumatica and giant-cell arteritis].

PMID- 3399761
TI  - [Ploidies in 22 colorectal cancers using flow cytometry. Reproducibility of the
      method and results].

PMID- 3399762
TI  - [The treatment of endocrine exophthalmos].

PMID- 3399763
TI  - [Lipo-aspiration in dermatology. Evaluation of its immediate effects].

PMID- 3399764
TI  - [The value of bronchial provocation tests in asthmatics].

PMID- 3399765
TI  - Patellar chondropathy and apicitis, and muscle imbalances of the lower
      extremities in competitive sports.
AB  - The jumping motion of 15 competitive basketball and volleyball players was tested
      until exhaustion in a cinematographic study. A stereotyped motion pattern was
      recognisable. The knee joint shows an evasive movement into a valgus and internal
      rotation position during the acceleration phase before take-off. Furthermore, the
      knee shows a brief stabilisation in overextension at heel strike. An imbalance of
      the muscles which stabilise the pelvis and the lower extremities can be regularly
      found in these athletes and could be a possible cause for this jump motion. It
      leads to a shortening of the hip flexors and adductors and of the knee extensors
      with the final evasive action of the knee joint. Though the anatomical condition
      of the joint is not directly observed, such a motion pattern must be the cause of
      additional shear forces and peak loads in the area of the patellofemoral joint
      and of the apex patellae. Clinical experience shows that an active correction of
      the evasive motion can be achieved by systematic physiotherapy. It ensures
      muscular balance of the pelvic region and lower extremities and thus lasting good
      results.

PMID- 3399766
TI  - [Left ventricular diastolic function: physiological and pathophysiological
      significance].

PMID- 3399767
TI  - [Ethnopsychiatry and the practitioner].

PMID- 3399768
TI  - [The immunological profile in serum and synovial fluid in the uncharacteristic
      early phases of the most frequent arthritic diseases].

PMID- 3399769
TI  - [A case from practice (111). Patient: Mrs. A. A., born 6-4-1950, business clerk,
      Swiss female].

PMID- 3399770
TI  - [Dyspepsia due to slow gastric emptying, its treatment. Evaluation without
      radioisotopes using the Yverdon repast-test].

PMID- 3399771
TI  - [Chronic precapillary pulmonary hypertension (primary and thromboembolic): a
      frequently misdiagnosed cause of dyspnea].

PMID- 3399772
TI  - [Radiological approach to sciatica].

PMID- 3399773
TI  - [Unicompartmental knee prostheses. The Yverdon experience with the Marmor
      (modular) prosthesis].

PMID- 3399774
TI  - [Studies and indications for surgical treatment of chronic arterial insufficiency
      of the lower limbs].

PMID- 3399775
TI  - [An acute painful abdominal syndrome: perihepatitis or the Fitz Hugh-Curtis
      syndrome].

PMID- 3399776
TI  - [Therapeutic management of the multiple trauma patient in a peripheral hospital].

PMID- 3399777
TI  - Heart rate response to arousal and lung inflation following upper airway
      obstruction in lambs.
AB  - Experiments were done to determine the influence of arousal from sleep and lung
      inflation on heart rate following upper airway obstruction in lambs. Ten lambs
      were anesthetized and instrumented for recordings of electrocorticogram, electro
      oculogram, nuchal and diaphragm electromyograms, and measurements of systemic
      arterial blood pressure and arterial hemoglobin oxygen saturation (fiberoptic
      catheter oximeter). A tracheotomy was done and a fenestrated tracheostomy tube
      was placed in the trachea. A 5F balloon-tipped catheter was inserted into the
      tube so that the airway could be obstructed by inflating the balloon. No sooner
      than 3 days after surgery, measurements were made during a control period of
      normal tidal respiration, during upper airway obstruction immediately before
      arousal, during upper airway obstruction immediately after arousal, and following
      the first lung inflation. A total of 39 epochs of quiet sleep and 33 epochs of
      active sleep were obtained. Heart rate and oxygen saturation decreased (p less
      than 0.05) during upper airway obstruction in quiet sleep and active sleep.
      Arousal from sleep did not significantly alter heart rate during continued upper
      airway obstruction. However, heart rate quickly returned toward control levels
      following the first lung inflation despite continued oxygen desaturation. These
      results provide evidence that the abrupt tachycardia following an apneic episode
      is related to lung inflation rather than to the arousal response per se.

PMID- 3399778
TI  - Physiological sleep tendency on a simulated night shift: adaptation and effects
      of triazolam.
AB  - Daytime sleep and nocturnal sleepiness were examined in 18 normal sleepers (9
      young adults, 9 middle-age adults) for 5.5 days following acute sleep/wake
      schedule inversion. Triazolam and placebo were compared in a counterbalanced,
      crossover design. Triazolam improved daytime sleep, but did not produce
      significant changes in sleep tendency at night. Physiological sleep tendency in
      the early morning hours (0200 to 0600) was profound, but decreased significantly
      within 3 to 4 days following sleep/wake inversion, irrespective of treatment
      condition. Nocturnal performance data generally were consistent with changes in
      physiological sleep tendency. We conclude that extending daytime sleep by an
      average of approximately 50 min per day via administration of a hypnotic does not
      appear to significantly reduce circadian sleep tendency in the early morning
      hours. Further, considerable adaptation, in terms of sleep tendency, occurred
      within a weak of simulated night shift despite a relatively constant daytime
      sleep pattern.

PMID- 3399779
TI  - Perception of waking and sleeping: possible implications for the evaluation of
      insomnia.
AB  - Perception of awakening, its connection to electroencephalogram (EEG), and its
      significance for morning recall were studied in insomniacs and normals. Fourteen
      insomniacs and 14 age- and sex-matched controls kept a sleep log for 1 week and
      slept once in the laboratory (standard polygraphy). In addition, actual
      perception of awakening was measured by a behavioral device. Results suggest that
      physiological arousal is necessary, but not sufficient, for perception of
      awakening. Many arousals that are not perceived occur during the first REM-NREM
      cycle. Insomniacs nearly exclusively perceive those arousals occurring after
      consolidated sleep (at least 15 min) and at the beginning of interrupted sleep
      intervals. It is suggested that insomniacs perceive these intervals as continuous
      wakefulness and have difficulty in perceiving short-lasting sleep, whereas
      controls often do not perceive wakefulness at all. The latter may be a sleep
      protecting mechanism. Number and correlation suggest that recalled awakenings are
      exactly those perceived. The connection between physiological and experimental
      subjective data is discussed.

PMID- 3399780
TI  - Evaluation of first night effect using ambulatory monitoring and automatic sleep
      stage analysis.
AB  - Home sleep recordings were conducted over three consecutive nights in 12 normal
      subjects using the Oxford Medilog 9000 system and automatic sleep stage analysis.
      The equipment was well tolerated and adequate sleep recordings were obtained on
      each test evening. The results showed that there was no significant differences
      over the three nights for any of the sleep parameters measured.

PMID- 3399781
TI  - Sleep organization in children at risk for sudden infant death syndrome.
AB  - The organization of sleep was studied in four groups of 6-month-old babies:
      monitored near-miss babies (NM), monitored siblings (HR), nonmonitored siblings
      (LR), and siblings considered at low risk but monitored because of marked
      parental anxiety (PA). It was studied using the method of cumulated occurrences
      and orthogonal polynomial fitting introduced for the analysis of sleep by
      Gaillard and Martinoli in 1976. No monitoring effect was found. We also found no
      difference between the groups when the usual sleep scores were used. However,
      differences were found with the polynomial adjustment method: there was more
      quiet sleep stage 3 in NM than in any other group. There was less waking state
      and more paradoxical sleep at the end of the night in PA and NM than in HR or LR
      babies. This suggests that the differences may not be related so much to real
      risk as to parental comportment.

PMID- 3399782
TI  - Apnea-onset definition significantly affects pneumogram results.
AB  - Pneumogram (PG) scoring methods have not been standardized. To determine the
      extent to which varying definitions for apnea-onset and apnea-termination will
      result in clinically significant differences in calculated apnea density (A6/D%)
      and periodic breathing, we analyzed 40 randomly selected PGs. All PGs were
      initially scored using end-expiration (EE) to mark the beginning of each apnea.
      As the second definition, peak inspiration (PI) was used to identify the onset of
      each apnea. All apneas greater than or equal to 6 s in duration and all episodes
      of periodic breathing were identified. The differences between results obtained
      by each definition were compared by paired t-test. The differences between the EE
      and PI definitions were statistically significant (p less than 0.01) for A6/D%,
      periodic breathing, longest apnea, and number of apneas greater than 11 s, with
      the PI definition consistently resulting in higher values. In summary, calculated
      PG results are significantly different, both clinically and statistically,
      depending on the scoring definition utilized for apnea-onset. Although each
      definition will yield results that are internally consistent, it is crucial that
      the normative standards used for comparison be derived utilizing the same scoring
      definition.

PMID- 3399783
TI  - Sleep characteristics in milk-intolerant infants.
AB  - We have shown that there is a relation between allergy to cow's milk and chronic
      sleeplessness in infants. In the present report we describe the sleep
      characteristics of children with allergy-related sleep disruption. We compared
      the polygraphic characteristics of nine infants studied before and after the
      exclusion of milk from the diet. The infants had a mean age of 18.3 +/- 13.3 and
      25.4 +/- 12.7 weeks at the first and the second recording, respectively.
      Diagnosis of allergy was based on clinical observation. Sleep normalized after
      milk was withdrawn, deteriorated after a challenge with milk, and normalized
      again on a second trial of milk elimination. Before the change in diet, the
      infants' polygraphic recording showed frequent arousals (8-22), short sleep
      cycles, and a large amount of NREM1 sleep. Gastroesophageal reflux and sleep
      apnea were not responsible for the sleep fragmentation. After milk was excluded
      from the diet for 7 weeks, the infants showed striking changes in sleep quality.
      There was a significant decrease in number of arousals (-41.7%) and an increase
      in total sleep time (+22.7%) and in NREM2 and 3 sleep (+387.9%). NREM1 sleep
      decreased significantly (-42.1%). During the second recordings, these sleep
      values could not be distinguished from those of 40 age-matched controls studied
      in the same laboratory environments. We do not know if the observed modifications
      in sleep could reflect immunologic changes within the central nervous system.

PMID- 3399784
TI  - Sleepwalking disorder during pregnancy: a case report.
AB  - This report describes a case of sleepwalking during pregnancy. The author reviews
      the literature on sleepwalking during pregnancy and suggests that sleep during
      pregnancy merits renewed attention.

PMID- 3399785
TI  - Sleep in craniopagus twins.
AB  - Two craniopagus twins sharing some common cerebral circulation but no common
      brain structures were recorded polygraphically and continuously observed for
      behavioral sleep states and wakefulness. The observations lasted 9.5 h when the
      twins were 12 weeks postgestation and for 24 h at 16 weeks post gestation, or
      approximately 4 weeks postterm. Sleep onsets were synchronous 67% of the time (+/
      5 min), but arousals were synchronous only 38% of the time (+/- 5 min) at 16
      weeks postgestation. The recordings reported here are the longest ever made of
      craniopagus twins. This report is consistent with some interdependence of the
      sleep of each twin on the other. Possible reasons for this are discussed.

PMID- 3399786
TI  - Sleep and nocturnal leg cramps.

PMID- 3399787
TI  - [Fetal heart rhythm and perinatal mortality of 28-to-32-week-old premature
      infants].

PMID- 3399788
TI  - [Fertilization in vitro today and tomorrow].
AB  - Today, it is possible to alter man's biological data, especially by acting on the
      procreation data. Progress in techniques permitting the development of assisted
      births (from artificial insemination to test-tube babies, from surrogate mothers
      to frozen embryos) and in techniques leading to procedures on the genetic make-up
      itself, is breathtaking. Through an analysis of the various advances in human
      procreation, the author wonders about the mutation we are experiencing and its
      impact on the future.

PMID- 3399789
TI  - [Micro-invasive carcinoma of the cervix uteri].
AB  - Micro-invasive carcinomas of the cervix (Stage Ia of the IFGO) are characterized
      by an absence of clinical signs. Among the prognostic criteria are the depth of
      the invasion (5 mm for the IFGO, 3 mm for us), the superficial extension (7 mm in
      the largest diameter) and the possible presence of lymphatic or vascular emboli
      in the connective tissue of the cervix. Only semi-successive secretions (every
      300 microns) enable to accurately define these lesions. It is then possible to
      individualize two types of micro-invasive carcinoma. Group A (less than 3 mm
      deep, less than 7 mm on the surface and without emboli) may be treated by
      conization if the resection line is in healthy tissue and the operative specimen
      studied in semi-successive sections. In the other cases (group B) a Wertheim
      procedure with lymphadenectomy is indicated.

PMID- 3399790
TI  - [Deflected cephalic presentation. Apropos of 80 cases].
AB  - Between 1974 and 1986, we have observed 80 deflected cephalic presentations in
      the Maternity of Hopital Edouard Herriot in babies weighing more than 2,000 g.
      They are divided in 34 brow presentations, 27 faces and 14 Bregma. The diagnosis
      was often made late. Caesarean section is the rule in brow and mento-posterior
      face presentations. There was no fetal trauma.

PMID- 3399791
TI  - [Pregnancy and AIDS].
AB  - The authors discuss the numerous problems currently raised by women and children
      affected by the HIV virus. After a short reminder of the virus characteristics
      and the epidemiology, they study the mothers' risk by discussing a possible
      aggravation of the disease during pregnancy, and the risks for the child, by
      considering the contamination route, its frequency, its gravity. They present
      diagnosis methods and propose future management.

PMID- 3399793
TI  - [Procurement of plasma by filtration].

PMID- 3399792
TI  - [Highly purified, functionally active human fibronectin preparation].
AB  - Fibronectin has been purified by gelatin-Sepharose affinity chromatography from
      fresh frozen human plasma. The bound fibronectin was eluted with 3 M urea. The
      purity of the fibronectin obtained has been checked on (immunoelectrophoresis,
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, FPLC). Biological activity of the purified
      molecule has been monitored by means of three assays: quantitation of the gelatin
      binding activity by ELISA, quantitation of the fibronectin-mediated attachment of
      fibroblasts on plastic and evaluation of the opsonic activity (uptake of gelatin
      latex particles by a murine macrophage line). When deep-frozen, fibronectin
      retains all of its properties. This highly purified and functional fibronectin
      fulfills the basic requirements for a standard reagent. It will allow to
      investigate physicochemical and functional alterations of various fibronectins.

PMID- 3399794
TI  - Antigen-induced tenosynovitis in hypersensitized rabbits: a model for rheumatoid
      tenosynovitis.
AB  - Rabbits were first immunized and later challenged with the same antigen (bovine
      serum albumin, or ferritin) by injection into the tibialis anterior tendon.
      Inflammatory changes of the tenosynovium and epitenon included infiltration by
      neutrophils (early) and mononuclear cells (later) over a 6-week course of
      tenosynovitis. A pattern of antigen entrapment in the tendon together with
      immunoglobulin was shown by use of radiolabelled antigen and immunochemical
      staining. Half-life of antigen in the tissues averaged 5 days over the 6-week
      period. Changes in the epitenon included cellular necrosis, appearance of
      phagocytic cells, and disruption of the collagen matrix. Tissues of control
      animals (challenged without prior immunization) showed minimal changes and
      significantly less retention of antigen (P greater than 0.005). The model is
      relevant to the mechanism of tendon damage associated with antigen-driven chronic
      inflammation, as may be the case in rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 3399795
TI  - Measurement of nocturnal body motility: behaviour of osteoarthritic patients and
      healthy controls.
AB  - Nocturnal body motility has been compared in a sleep laboratory between patients
      with osteoarthritis and healthy age-, sex- and weight-matched controls using a
      Bio-medical timer and bedleg force transducers connected to a Disa polygraph.
      Four motility variables were derived (duration of movement; duration adjusted for
      sensitivity; number of movements; number of 30-s epochs containing movements)
      enabling an assessment of nocturnal body motility in the two groups. There was a
      trend for osteoarthritic patients to move more than controls during sleep on all
      variables measured, although this did not reach statistical significance.
      Temazepam elixir (0.4 mg/kg body weight/night) reduced all four motility
      variables in both osteoarthritic patients and controls, although only the
      reduction of the number of 30-s epochs containing movements (P less than 0.05) in
      the control group attained statistical significance.

PMID- 3399796
TI  - Down-regulation of immunoglobulin and IgM-rheumatoid factor synthesis by oral
      treatment of rheumatoid arthritis patients with a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory
      drug.
AB  - We examined the effect of treatment with piroxicam, a nonsteroidal
      antiinflammatory drug (NSAID), on immunoglobulin (Ig) and IgM-rheumatoid factor
      (IgM-RF) synthesis in vitro by lymphocytes of patients with rheumatoid arthritis
      (RA). Oral treatment with piroxicam induced a progressive decrease of spontaneous
      IgM-RF production by unstimulated lymphocyte cultures during 12 weeks of
      observation. Also, pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-driven Ig synthesis was significantly
      diminished and the effect on total IgM production was sustained until the end of
      the study. This modulation of humoral responses is consistent with the drop in RF
      sera level. In addition, we also showed that treatment with NSAIDs can decrease
      RF levels in the synovial space. NSAIDs may have a long-term beneficial effect in
      patients with RA due to their modulatory role of lymphocyte responses.

PMID- 3399797
TI  - [The approach to the ostomy].

PMID- 3399799
TI  - [Treatment of anorexia nervosa].

PMID- 3399798
TI  - [Parkinson's disease].

PMID- 3399801
TI  - [Diabetes and vacations].

PMID- 3399800
TI  - [Arterial hypertension. An epidemiological study in nursing consultations].

PMID- 3399802
TI  - [Behavioral-educational intervention in primary care].

PMID- 3399803
TI  - [The importance of the father's presence during the delivery].

PMID- 3399804
TI  - [The dossier of care].

PMID- 3399805
TI  - [Self evaluation].

PMID- 3399806
TI  - [Drug administration. The traditional and the unidose methods].

PMID- 3399807
TI  - [Child growth and development].

PMID- 3399808
TI  - [What do we understand by a nursing professional].

PMID- 3399809
TI  - [Continuing education. 27. Subject: mother-infant. Topic: nursing care in the
      puerperium].

PMID- 3399810
TI  - [1992, free circulation. For everyone?].

PMID- 3399811
TI  - [3 years of nursing consultations: a step toward the future].

PMID- 3399812
TI  - Monoclonal antibody B72.3 reacts with a core region structure of O-linked
      carbohydrates.
AB  - Monoclonal antibody (moAb) B72.3 appears to be exceptional among the many mouse
      moAbs reactive with human tumor cells in its degree of tumor specificity. The
      antigen recognized was characterized as a mucin-like molecule. We report here
      that B72.3 reacts strongly with ovine submaxillary mucin and that reactivity is
      abolished by desialylation, suggesting that the determinant recognized is the
      disaccharide N-acetylneuraminic acid alpha (2----6)-N-acetylgalactosamine, linked
      to serine or threonine, which might be designated sialylated Tn. A variety of
      human mucin preparations, including human salivary mucins, and other
      glycoproteins containing O-linked or N-linked carbohydrates were nonreactive. The
      data suggest that the determinant recognized is a core structure which is
      normally not exposed due to chain elongation at C-3 of the N-acetylgalactosamine,
      which appears to be less frequent in carcinoma cells than in normal cells.

PMID- 3399813
TI  - Immunohistochemistry of carcino-embryonic antigen in the embryo, fetus and adult.
AB  - This study concerns the immunohistologic distribution of carcino-embryonic
      antigen (CEA) in tissues and organs from 86 legal abortions, stillborn fetuses
      and perinatal deaths and from 5 adults without inflammatory disease or cancer.
      Monospecific antibodies to CEA of both polyclonal and monoclonal origin were
      applied to serial sections obtained from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue
      blocks. Starting from the 9th week of gestational age, a positive staining
      reaction for CEA was found in the surface epithelium of the tongue, the tracheal
      mucosa and the following locations of the gastro-intestinal tract: the gastro
      oesophageal junction, the pyloric antrum, the upper duodenum, throughout the
      colon and appendix. In the adult, CEA was also found at these sites. All other
      organs such as the central nervous system, lung, thyroid, thymus, liver,
      pancreas, gastric corpus, spleen, adrenals, kidney, ureter, bladder, gonads and
      breast were negative for CEA. Therefore, CEA appears to be a normal antigen in
      the gastro-intestinal tract at any age from fetal life onwards.

PMID- 3399814
TI  - Has the carcinoembryonic antigen been a valuable discovery?

PMID- 3399815
TI  - Immunohistochemical localization of the terminal C5b-9 complement complexes
      associated to S-protein and macrophage immunoreactive deposits in human damaged
      myocardial areas.
AB  - The indirect and double-labelling immunoperoxidase techniques were used to
      localize the C5b-9 neoantigens, S-protein and macrophage immunoreactive deposits
      in myocardial areas with necrosis and sclerosis. Granular masses of C5b-9
      neoantigens, diffuse areas of S-protein and nucleated and anucleated
      immunoreactive deposits of macrophage origin were localized in damaged myocardial
      areas but not in areas free of lesion. The presence of C5b-9 neoantigens
      associated to S-protein and macrophage deposits is suggestive for a local
      complement activation in the complex heterolytic events of myocardial injury.

PMID- 3399816
TI  - A longitudinal study, for 15 years, of the myocardial infarction, in a population
      of middle aged men.
AB  - The long-term evolution of the patients with incident myocardial infarction (MI)
      was studied in a group of 5,000 men ranging in age from 40 to 60 years, included
      in an action of primary prevention of arterial hypertension (AHT) and coronary
      heart disease, in comparison with a second group of 5,000 other men with similar
      age and occupation, selected at random, who received medical assistance without
      primary prevention. The incidence of MI was of 2.34% (111 cases) in the group of
      intervention, with a cardiovascular mortality of 46.84%, while in the control
      group it amounted to 2.88%, with an overall mortality by cardiovascular diseases
      of 52.7%. The highest mortality rate was recorded in the patients with recurrent
      infarctions (72.6% and 60% of deaths, respectively). During a follow-up period of
      15 years, the presence of AHT before the occurrence of MI proved to be an
      aggravation factor for the cardiovascular mortality which, in the group of
      intervention, was two times more frequent in such patients than in those with pre
      existent angina. The pathologic association angina--AHT as well as the AHT alone,
      preceding the MI occurrence, have significantly increased the risk of
      cardiovascular mortality. The action of primary prevention has evidently reduced
      the immediate mortality, as well as that of the patients with angina before the
      MI.

PMID- 3399817
TI  - Ischemic heart disease in relation with the type of behavior and the emotional
      state.
AB  - The relationship between the cardiovascular state, on the one hand, and the type
      of behavior and emotional state on the other, was investigated in a professional
      type community of 550 subjects (280 men and 270 women) ranging in age from 20 to
      64 years. The subjects were submitted to medical examination (clinical,
      electrocardiographic and biochemical) for the detection of ischemic heart disease
      and its risk factors (arterial hypertension, smoking, over weight,
      hypercholesterolemia) and concomitantly to a psychologic examination consisting
      of anxiety test as a state and as a trait, multiple affectivity test and the test
      of self-rating behavioral type, for the study of the emotional state and the type
      of behavior. The relation between the results of the two examinations showed that
      ischemic heart disease (irrespective of the form) and its risk factors are
      associated to various extents and in different manners to the psychologic
      factors. Thus, significantly, ischemic heart disease was proved four times more
      frequent in subjects with type A behavior than in those with type B; arterial
      hypertension was more frequent in anxious (1.6 times) and aggressive subjects
      (1.4 times); overweight was more often encountered in nondepressive (2 times) and
      adaptable subjects (1.4 times), and in subjects with type B (1.3 times); the
      anxious subjects were found to smoke less than the non-anxious ones (2 times).

PMID- 3399818
TI  - Glomectomy in carotid sinus syncope.
AB  - Carotid sinus hypersensitivity (CSH) is a common cause of syncope, and permanent
      pacemarker is unequivocally indicated in such patients. From 37 patients with
      spontaneous syncope, in 10 (mean age 60 years), CSH was confirmed by carotid
      sinus massage: cardioinhibitor CSH, 6 patients (asystole greater than 3 sec),
      cardioinhibitor and vasodepressor CSH, 4 patients (asystole greater than 3 sec,
      and decrease of systolic blood pressure by more than 30 mmHg). The sick sinus
      syndrome was excluded by electrophysiologic studies performed after autonomic
      blockade (atropine, 0.04 mg/kg, and propranolol 0.2 mg/kg): heart rate at rest
      (60.1 +/- 3.1 bpm); corrected intrinsic sinus node recovery time (29.5 +/- 92.8
      ms); intrinsic sinoatrial conduction time (96.2 +/- 30.7 ms). No atrioventricular
      conduction disturbances occurred during atrial pacing up to 160 beats/min.
      Surgical removal of carotid glomus (glomectomy) was performed according to
      Nakayama's technique for bronchial asthma: right side 7 patients, left side 2
      patients, both sides one patient. Postoperative follow-up from fourteen to forty
      four months (mean 28 months), demonstrated excellent results. All but one patient
      remained asymptomatic. The heart rate at rest, autonomic chronotropy, and
      exercise tolerance improved significantly (p less than 0.001). Thus glomectomy
      appears to be the treatment of choice in selected patients with CSH and syncope.

PMID- 3399819
TI  - Serial analysis of fibronectin concentration in sera from septic patients.
AB  - Serum fibronectin (Fn) level was serially determined in nineteen septic patients.
      Fn concentration was found significantly decreased in septic patients (mean +/-
      SE, 120 +/- 11 micrograms/ml) as compared to the control (205 +/- 11
      micrograms/ml). The decrease of Fn was correlated with the severity of sepsis; it
      was persistent and more important in severe septic cases. The lowest Fn
      concentration was found in nonsurviving patients (78 +/- 18 micrograms/ml). Serum
      Fn level may reflect the degree of organ failure and predict the evolution of
      sepsis.

PMID- 3399820
TI  - Intracranial aneurysms in childhood and adolescence.

PMID- 3399821
TI  - Factor analysis of EEG power spectra: a comparison with "EEG spectral reaction
      curves (SPRCs)" in verbal testing.

PMID- 3399822
TI  - A three-year prospective follow-up of psychopathology and social reintegration in
      paranoid schizophrenia in relation to age at onset.

PMID- 3399823
TI  - Epidemiology of ulcerative colitis in western Norway.
AB  - The incidence of ulcerative colitis (UC) in the three counties that compose
      Western Norway was registered in a prospective study during the years 1984 and
      1985. Both inpatients and outpatients were included. Five hundred and fifty
      general practitioners and 12 hospitals participated in the study. A total of 239
      patients were diagnosed in this area with 807,000 inhabitants, giving a mean
      annual incidence of 14.8 per 100,000. For patients between 30 and 35 years of age
      the age-specific incidence rate was 31.2. The M/F sex ratio was 1.10. Familial
      occurrence of inflammatory bowel disease was found in 11% of the patients.
      Patients with rectal involvement only constituted 35% of the patients.

PMID- 3399824
TI  - Impaired renal water excretion in liver cirrhosis. The role of reduced distal
      delivery of sodium.
AB  - The study was aimed to assess the relationships between distal sodium delivery
      and renal diluting ability in liver cirrhosis. Renal response to maximal water
      load was evaluated in 18 cirrhotic patients without ascites, 12 with mild or
      moderate ascites, and 26 controls. Distal sodium delivery was derived from
      clearance calculations during the hypotonic diuresis induced by maximal water
      load. Although ascitic patients showed a greater impairment in free-water
      excretion, the pattern of the renal response to maximal water load was similar in
      ascitic and non-ascitic patients; it was characterized by reduced free-water
      clearance and reduced distal delivery of sodium. Free-water clearance corrected
      for distal sodium delivery was normal in non-ascitic patients and in the majority
      (75%) of decompensated cirrhotics, indicating a primary role of an increased
      proximal sodium resorption in the pathogenesis of the impaired water excretion of
      these patients. Renal diluting capacity did not correlate with the severity of
      liver functional impairment, as evaluated by single liver function tests or by
      Child's criteria.

PMID- 3399826
TI  - Chronic persistent hepatitis. Long-term prospective study on the natural course
      of the disease.
AB  - Ninety-nine patients with chronic persistent hepatitis were followed up in a
      prospective study for an average of 6.7 years. Fifty-six patients had positive
      HBV markers; 29 of these patients had persistent HBs antigenemia, and 4 had
      persistent HBe antigenemia. No patient developed chronic active hepatitis or
      cirrhosis of the liver. It can be concluded that chronic persistent hepatitis is
      a benign non-progressive disease that does not require therapy.

PMID- 3399825
TI  - Increased in vitro tetraploidy and mandibular osteomas in patients with and
      without colorectal diseases.
AB  - One hundred and seventy-six individuals with various colorectal diseases were
      investigated simultaneously for increased in vitro tetraploidy in dermal
      fibroblast cultures and for occult mandibular osteomas. In only 10 of the 176
      persons were both presumed markers of colorectal genetic predisposition present
      in the same individual. No evidence was found that these traits are causally
      associated. A combination of the two presumed markers showed a tendency towards
      occurrence in individuals with a positive family history of colorectal cancer
      among first-degree relatives.

PMID- 3399828
TI  - The relationship between gallbladder dynamics and the migrating motor complex in
      fasting healthy subjects.
AB  - The relationship between gallbladder dynamics and the interdigestive migrating
      motor complex (MMC) was investigated in 10 healthy male volunteers by a
      hepatobiliary scintigraphy and gastroduodenal pressure recordings. Filling of the
      gallbladder commenced in late phase II or in phase III of the MMC and continued
      in a linear fashion during the following phase I. Simultaneously, an abrupt
      decrease in delivery of activity into the duodenum was encountered. Emptying of
      the gallbladder always occurred in phase II and lasted 14-46 min (median, 30
      min). The transformation from filling to emptying of the gallbladder was closely
      related to changes from phase I to II on the motility curve.

PMID- 3399829
TI  - Normal small-bowel measurements by enteroclysis.
AB  - Small-bowel length, number and thickness of folds in the jejunum and ileum,
      diameter of the loops, and thickness of the bowel wall were measured on double
      contrast small-bowel enema radiographs, obtained from 182 patients with no
      jejunal or ileal morphologic abnormalities. The length of the small bowel ranged
      from 160 to 430 cm, with an average length of 291 cm. No correlation was observed
      between the number of folds and the total length.

PMID- 3399827
TI  - Evaluation of magnesium status in Crohn's disease as assessed by intracellular
      analysis and intravenous magnesium infusion.
AB  - The magnesium status was evaluated in 30 subjects with Crohn's disease and in 30
      controls. Subjects with Crohn's disease had lower concentrations of magnesium in
      muscle biopsy specimens (p less than 0.001), mononuclear cells (p less than
      0.05), and in urine collected during 24 h (p less than 0.001) as compared with
      controls. After intravenous infusion of 60 mmol magnesium and 80 mmol potassium
      to 17 subjects with Crohn's disease a significant increase in concentrations of
      magnesium in muscle specimens (p less than 0.05), mononuclear cells (p less than
      0.01), and plasma (p less than 0.01) was noted. The retention of intravenously
      infused magnesium was significantly higher in subjects with Crohn's disease than
      in 11 healthy controls (p less than 0.001) and was inversely correlated with the
      content of magnesium in muscle specimens (r = -0.52; p less than 0.05). The
      implication of these findings is that analysis of magnesium in muscle specimens
      and estimation of magnesium retention during an intravenous magnesium infusion
      are useful to confirm a suspected magnesium deficiency.

PMID- 3399830
TI  - The diagnostic value of colonoscopy compared with rectosigmoidoscopy in children
      and adolescents with symptoms of chronic inflammatory bowel disease of the colon.
AB  - Seventy-eight young patients with symptoms of chronic inflammatory bowel disease
      (IBD) of the colon have been investigated to determine to what degree colonoscopy
      adds important information for the diagnosis of IBD in addition to results of the
      routine procedures, including rectosigmoidoscopy carried out at the same time.
      After colonoscopy IBD was established in 4 of 12 patients classified as non-IBD
      after the routine procedures. Eleven of 18 patients with the routine diagnosis
      indeterminate colitis (IC) could after colonoscopy be differentiated into UC or
      probable CC. In 30 of 31 cases classified as UC the routine diagnosis was
      confirmed by colonoscopy. Routine diagnosis as probable CC was changed to
      definite CC in 3 of 10 cases. In all cases but one with previously established
      IBD it was possible to confirm the diagnosis. Thirty-seven of 70 patients with
      established IBD of the colon had no radiologic evidence of colitis.

PMID- 3399831
TI  - Evidence for weakening of gastric mucus integrity by Campylobacter pylori.
AB  - The role of Campylobacter pylori in weakening the mucus component of the gastric
      mucosal barrier was investigated. The extracellular material elaborated by C.
      pylori, cultured from antral mucosal biopsy specimens of patients undergoing
      gastroscopy, caused a rapid degradation of mucus glycoprotein polymer to
      glycopeptides comparable in size to those produced by the action of pepsin.
      Viscosity measurements showed that incubation of C. pylori filtrate with gastric
      mucus led to a gradual loss in mucus viscosity, which at the end of 48 h
      decreased by 36%. The C. pylori filtrate also had a detrimental effect on the
      ability of mucus to retard the diffusion of H+. After 12 h of incubation the
      permeability of mucus to H+ increased by 10%, whereas a 32% increase in
      permeability was observed after 48 h. The results suggest that the degenerative
      changes produced in gastric mucus gel by C. pylori may be a contributing factor
      in the pathogenesis of gastritis and peptic ulcer.

PMID- 3399832
TI  - The intestinal and diffuse types of gastric carcinoma in Maori and non-Maori
      patients in Auckland.
AB  - Histologic specimens of gastric carcinoma from 128 Maori, Pacific Island
      Polynesian, and European patients in Auckland, New Zealand, were classified into
      intestinal or diffuse type. The ratio of intestinal to diffuse type (ID) was
      lowest (0.3) in the female Maori patients and highest (1.4) in the male Maori.
      The higher ID ratio reflects the increased risk of gastric carcinoma in the Maori
      men as compared with the other groups studied.

PMID- 3399833
TI  - Serum pepsinogen I elevation in cigarette smokers.
AB  - We measured serum pepsinogen I (sPG-I) in 269 patients undergoing upper GI
      endoscopy and then classified by endoscopic diagnosis, gastric mucosal histology,
      and smoking habit. Both ulcer-free and duodenal ulcer smokers had significantly
      higher sPG-I levels than their non-smoking controls. In contrast, sPG-I values
      were not different in smokers and non-smokers with gastric ulcer. In ulcer-free
      smokers the overall increase in sPG-I simply reflected the high prevalence of
      patients with superficial gastritis and elevated sPG-I levels. Conversely, in
      duodenal ulcer smokers the increase in sPG-I, which was related to the number of
      cigarettes smoked daily, was not an epiphenomenon of concomitant gastritis. The
      smoking-induced increase in sPG-I in duodenal ulcer is proposed to reflect an
      augmented pepsin secretory capacity, which can be of aetiologic significance in
      the association between cigarette smoking and duodenal ulcer.

PMID- 3399834
TI  - Comparison of gastric aspiration and HIDA scintigraphy in detecting fasting
      duodenogastric bile reflux.
AB  - Gastric aspiration and HIDA scintigraphy have been compared to assess
      duodenogastric bile reflux. Gastric aspiration was performed on two separate
      occasions with a total examination time of 3 h. The highest 1-h output and the
      highest concentration of bile acids were recorded. HIDA scintigraphy was carried
      out for 90 min after an injection of 60 MBq 99mTc-dimethyl-iminodiacetic acid
      (HIDA). Forty-six patients with different gastrointestinal disorders were
      studied; 24 patients were positive and 13 negative in both tests. Accordingly,
      the methods agreed in 37 to 46 patients (80.4%). It is concluded that gastric
      aspiration is as reliable as HIDA scintigraphy to assess fasting bile reflux.

PMID- 3399835
TI  - Sexually transmitted diseases and the use of condoms in a cohort of homosexual
      men followed since 1983 in Finland.
AB  - High rates of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) were recorded among 235
      homosexually active men at the start of a prospective follow-up study in June
      1983 in Finland. The vast majority (88.5%) reported at least one STD, the most
      common of them being pubic lice (64.7%) followed by gonorrhoea (42.9%) and non
      gonococcal urethritis (26.4%). Those 31 (13.2%) who were seropositive for HIV at
      the end of the study, had experienced more episodes of STDs than the seronegative
      individuals (p = 0.0027). Nine HIV seroconversions were noted during the follow
      up of 5-40 months, all in individuals who had practised "unsafe" sex. The study
      participants were repeatedly given detailed advice for avoiding HIV infection,
      and a tendency towards "safer" sexual practises resulting in a decrease in
      incidence of most STDs, was noted during the course of the study. However,
      further spread of HIV is to be expected because 57% of the men still reported
      practising and sex at the end of the follow-up, and 42% of them without condoms.

PMID- 3399836
TI  - Bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia in Sweden: clinical course and outcome and
      comparison with non-bacteremic pneumococcal and mycoplasmal pneumonias.
AB  - 279 patients with 285 episodes of bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia (Pnb),
      treated at the 2 departments for infectious diseases in Stockholm, Sweden, were
      reviewed retrospectively. Almost half of all episodes were caused by serotypes 3,
      9 and 4 (in that order). The overall mortality rate was 7% and as low as 5% if
      patients with extrapulmonary complications were excluded. As in other studies
      male sex, alcoholism and absence of leukocytosis on admission to hospital were
      all associated with a higher mortality rate. However, the prognosis for old
      patients was much better than in most other studies. This was true also when the
      infecting strain was of serotype 3. For 89 consecutive patients out of the 279
      ones with Pnb the clinical, laboratory and chest X-ray data were compared with
      those of 44 patients with non-bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia (Pn) and 27
      patients with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MP). Within the pneumococcal group
      almost all non-bacteremic patients had respiratory tract symptoms compared to
      less than half of the patients with bacteremic disease. High age, alcoholism,
      chills, pleuritic chest pain, a leukocyte count of greater than 15 x 10(9)l and
      an elevated CRP were factors significantly more common among those with
      pneumococcal pneumonia than among the MP patients. On chest X-ray an alveolar
      pattern was seen in all but 2 of the totally 133 patients with a pneumococcal
      pneumonia, but also in half the patients with MP.

PMID- 3399837
TI  - Immunity against diphtheria and tetanus in the age group 30-70 years.
AB  - In Denmark, childhood primary vaccination against diphtheria and tetanus has been
      recommended since 1950. No routine revaccinations or general vaccination of
      adults have been offered. In most other western countries revaccinations are
      recommended later in childhood. However, death still occurs from diphtheria and
      tetanus in countries with such vaccination programs although it is generally
      accepted that protective immunity can be obtained by vaccination. On this basis
      the immunity against diphtheria and tetanus was assessed in a random sample of
      351 subjects in the age range 30-70 years. Diphtheria antitoxin titres were
      determined by in vitro neutralization technique using VERO cells. 26% had
      diphtheria antitoxin titres below protective level (0.01 international antitoxin
      units/ml serum). The highest number of unprotected against diphtheria was found
      among 30-39 year old women (68%) and 60-69 year old subjects (36%). Tetanus
      titres were determined by a combination of ELISA technique and an in vivo
      neutralization assay. 51% were unprotected against tetanus (less than 0.01
      international antitoxin units/ml serum). The highest number of unprotected
      against tetanus was found among 60-69 year old subjects (68%) and especially
      among females in this age group (77%). To avoid epidemics of diphtheria in the
      future the immunity among adults must be raised within the coming years. Thus,
      revaccination must be recommended and high attendance ensured. One revaccination
      is sufficient only when complete primary vaccination is documented.

PMID- 3399838
TI  - Condoms to prevent HIV transmission do not imply truly safe sex.
AB  - 30 female prostitutes and 16 persons from the hospital staff each tested 10 latex
      condoms by vaginal intercourse. Six dropped out. Condom rupture occurred at least
      once for 7/40 persons (95% confidence interval 7-33%). Total condom rupture rate
      was 5%. Although encouragement to condom use is prudent in an epidemiological
      scale, truly safe sex with an HIV-positive partner using condoms is a dangerous
      illusion.

PMID- 3399839
TI  - Penicillin tolerance in beta-streptococci.

PMID- 3399840
TI  - Structure and function of connective tissue in cardiac muscle: collagen types I
      and III in endomysial struts and pericellular fibers.
AB  - Heart myocytes and capillaries are enmeshed in a complex array of connective
      tissue structures arranged in several levels of organization: epimysium, the
      sheath of connective tissue that surrounds muscles; perimysium, which is
      associated with groups of cells; and endomysium, which surrounds and
      interconnects individual cells. The present paper is a review of work in this
      field with an emphasis on new, unpublished findings, including composition of
      endomysial fibers and disposition of newly described perimysial fibers. The role
      of scanning electron microscopy in the development of current understanding is
      also outlined. Biaxially arranged epimysial fibers form a sheath around papillary
      muscles and trabeculae that becomes increasingly well-oriented with the muscle
      axis during stretch. Perimysial structures are associated with groups of cells,
      and include weaves and septa of collagen, tendon-like fibers between weaves,
      ribbon-like fibers perpendicular to myocytes, and the newly described coiled
      perimysial fibers, which form an array in parallel with the myocytes and the
      epimysial net. The endomysium includes struts that bridge cells and pericellular
      fibers; both contain collagen types I and III. The evidence for the latter is
      presented in this paper and depends upon the use of antibody localization with
      fluorescent markers in light microscopy and colloidal gold for scanning electron
      microscopy. The implications of the composition of collagen fibers for myocardial
      function are discussed in relation to intra-cellular and other extra-cellular
      structures.

PMID- 3399841
TI  - Microvascular casting of the lung: vascular lavage.
AB  - Corrosion casting is an important tool for the study of microvascular structure,
      but unlike tissue preparation for light and electron microscopy, few controlled
      studies of the methods for preparation of microvascular casts for scanning
      electron microscopy have been reported. Most vascular casting begins with rinsing
      cells from the lumen of the blood vessels, but the necessity of this has not been
      shown. Because of a report of successful casting without rinsing and light
      microscopic evidence of edema with complete rinsing prior to casting, this
      preparation procedure was examined. Casts of lung vasculature that were
      thoroughly rinsed were compared to those that were not. Of the six rats that were
      not lavaged, only one gave a completely filled cast, but of the six animals that
      were well rinsed, only one did not fill. Except for the filling and mild
      periarterial edema, no significant difference in cast quality or features was
      detected. Rinsing improves the frequency of obtaining completely filled casts.
      The edema does not greatly interfere with the capillary image and its location
      gives insight into this process in the lung.

PMID- 3399842
TI  - The vascularization of the peripheral nerve of chicken and rat.
AB  - The vascular system of the sciatic nerve of chicken and rats was examined by
      means of the microcorrosion casting technique and freeze-broken specimens. The
      main epineural vessels form two lateral and interfascicular vascular bundles
      which anastomose with one another and also with the peri- and endoneural
      plexuses. On epi- and perineural vessels one can find morphological correlates
      for regulative means such as sphincters. Even the endoneural vessels depict
      numerous anastomoses. The proximity of the vessels as well as the great number of
      anastomoses suggests a considerable compensatory potential with an adaptable
      perfusion rate in case of a partial breakdown of a plexus.

PMID- 3399843
TI  - Quantitative morphology of synaptic plasticity in the aging brain.
AB  - Quantitation of synaptic ultrastructural changes is of great importance in
      neurobiology, since merely qualitative alterations, if not extreme, are not
      readily detectable. In the present paper we discuss our previous and present
      findings on the number (numerical density: Nv), size (average length of the
      synaptic profiles: L) and surface contact area (surface density: Sv) of the
      synaptic junctions in aging rodent and human brains. We found that number and
      size of the synapses are in a close inverse relationship so as to maintain the
      total surface contact are among the nerve cells constant. These three parameters
      are closely related to each other, their quantitation may thus represent a
      reliable index of the morphological aspects of synaptic plasticity, i.e. the
      modification of ultrastructure occurring at synaptic membranes after transient
      changes in synaptic activity. During aging, the morphological plasticity of
      synapses appears to be seriously impaired: the number of synapses and the total
      surface contact area among the nerve cells are markedly reduced. However, old
      nerve cells seem to retain the ability to modify their synaptic endings and to
      partially compensate for the reduced surface density of the contact zones by
      expanding the average size of the persisting junctions. Our recent studies on
      synaptic plasticity in human brains from old and demented subjects showed that
      while the size of the synaptic contacts remains constant, the numerical and
      surface densities undergo a further decrease in demented brains relative to that
      in normal aging.

PMID- 3399844
TI  - The aging cochlear hair cell.
AB  - Specimens from the organ of Corti were taken from regions which appeared normal
      in the cytocochleogram as evaluated with the Nomarski optics. Ultrastructural,
      qualitative analyses of aging cochlear hair cells in the guinea pig showed,
      however, principally five distinct types of pathological changes: (1)
      disintegration of the cuticle; (2) increased amounts of intracellular lamellar
      structures and submembrane cisternae; (3) aggregations of electron optically
      dense particles; (4) lysosome-like structures; and (5) vesiculation of cytoplasm.
      Stereocilia remained intact also in cells where the cuticular plate showed severe
      degeneration. Outer hair cells showed more extensive cytological changes than
      inner hair cells. The ultrastructural pathology in aging cochlear hair cells is
      specific and is a sign of dysdifferentiation of their specific morphology
      although the hair cells survive for a long time in a more or less
      dysdifferentiated state. Hair cell changes were primary, leaving afferent and
      efferent nerve terminals initially morphologically intact.

PMID- 3399845
TI  - Changes in quality of bone mineral on aging and in disease.
AB  - This paper reviews the changes in the quality of bone mineral with age and in
      disease. After a brief review of morphological changes with aging in mammalian
      bones, microradiography is compared to backscattered electron imaging and their
      use in bringing out subtle changes in bone mineralization outlined. Changes in
      the quality of bone with disease is described using osteoporosis as an example.
      Chemical changes in the skeleton are then discussed and related to morphological
      changes. Finally, some examples of localized and generalized changes in bone
      mineral are given. This paper emphasizes that understanding the nature of the
      mineral phase in bone as well as its heterogeneity and its changes with age and
      in disease is essential to the elucidation of skeletal physiology and pathology.

PMID- 3399846
TI  - Assessments of pulmonary macrophage clearance responses to inhaled particulates.
AB  - An integrated bioassay program is being developed to evaluate the toxicity of
      inhaled particulate materials. The multi-disciplined approach combines studies on
      lung clearance mechanisms with pulmonary macrophage functional assessments based
      on cellular biology, biochemical and cytochemical evaluations on lung specimens
      from exposed animals. To validate this method, animals were exposed to asbestos,
      iron-treated asbestos, fiberglass, Mt. St. Helens ash or carbonyl iron particles.
      Deposition patterns, macrophage migration and phagocytosis were monitored in vivo
      at selected time periods after exposure. Our results showed that chemotactic
      factor generation by particles in vitro correlated with the corresponding
      macrophage recruitment responses in vivo. In addition, macrophage morphologic and
      functional characteristics were evaluated following exposures to aerosolized
      dusts. Our results suggest that scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques for
      investigating particle deposition and macrophage clearance provide an important
      component for evaluating the toxicity of inhaled particulate materials.

PMID- 3399848
TI  - Ultrastructure and histochemistry of the vas deferens of the salamander
      Rhyacotriton olympicus: adaptations for sperm storage.
AB  - The vas deferens of the salamander Rhyacotriton olympicus is composed of (1) a
      peritoneal epithelium, (2) connective tissue with fibroblasts, melanophores,
      circular smooth muscle, capillaries, and unmyelinated nerves within a collagenous
      matrix, and (3) an inner layer of cuboidal epithelium partially covered by
      ciliated squamous cells at the lumen. The lumen and apical cytoplasm of both
      epithelial cell types contain strongly PAS-positive granules. The cuboidal cells
      contained numerous swollen rough endoplasmic reticulum cisternae, mitochondria,
      and apical dense granules suggesting a high degree of secretory activity possibly
      involved in sperm maintenance. Fewer mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticula,
      and granules in squamous cells suggest less secretory activity. Squamous cells
      may protect the cuboidal cells from possible abrasion by sperm masses and/or
      their cilia may aid in distributing secretory products in the lumen.

PMID- 3399847
TI  - Effects of cytochalasin B and colchicine on the morphology of SW-13 human adrenal
      cortical tumor cells in culture.
AB  - Human adrenal cortical tumor cells (SW-13) grow into a typical epithelial cell
      monolayer when seeded onto culture dishes. The cells of the SW-13 population
      monolayer appear flattened with few conspicuous surface features. The cells are
      attached to one another at their lateral borders and are arranged in a
      cobblestone-like manner. Following Triton X-100 extraction, the distribution of
      the cytoskeletal elements was observed with scanning electron microscopic
      techniques to correspond to the shape of the non-extracted cell. Changes in the
      distribution and morphology of projections on the cell surface as well as changes
      in cell shape were revealed after treatment of the cultures with compounds which
      bring about microtubular and microfilament disruption. Following 60 minute
      treatment of the cell population with cytochalasin B (10 micrograms/ml), 90% of
      the cells became round while remaining attached to neighboring cells and to the
      substrate by slender cell processes and filopodia. Some bleeding could be seen on
      the cell surfaces of cytochalasin B treated cultures and an increase in the
      number of microvilli was evident. When the cytoskeletal elements were observed
      with scanning electron microscopic techniques after Triton X-100 extraction, the
      amount of peripheral cytoskeletal elements was decreased and only slender
      projections of the microfilaments and microtubules were evident. Colchicine (0.06
      micrograms/ml) treatment of the SW-13 adrenal cell population resulted in the
      appearance of surface blebs within 10 minutes of the initiation of treatment. The
      changes in surface projections are discussed in relationship to the loss of
      microtubules and microfilaments from the cytoplasm of the cell.

PMID- 3399849
TI  - Theoretical models of cyst formation and growth.
AB  - Although the formation of fluid-filled, epithelial-lined cysts is a common event
      in a variety of tissues, the mechanisms involved are not well understood.
      Discussed here are means by which those mechanisms might be elucidated. In
      general, there are too few data available for complete analysis of in vivo
      disease processes. It can be suggested only that epithelial proliferation and
      basement membrane growth are probably absolute requirements. Whether the forces
      for fluid accumulation precede or follow the stimuli for cell growth cannot be
      stated with certainty. On the other hand, in certain in vitro model systems the
      forces required to keep cyst cavities filled with fluid may be so small that cell
      growth, rather than fluid accumulation, seems the more likely primary event.

PMID- 3399850
TI  - X-ray microanalysis of cartilage and chondrocytes.
AB  - The elemental content of differentiating chondrocytes in situ and in vitro was
      studied by X-ray microanalysis. The in situ studies were carried out on semi
      thick cryosections and on thin sections of freeze-dried low-temperature vacuum
      embedded rat rib growth plate. Resting, proliferative, and hypertrophic cells
      were analyzed separately. The in vitro studies were carried out on cultured cell
      fractions isolated from rat rib growth plate. The cell fractions were relatively
      homogeneous and contained resting - early proliferative, proliferative or
      hypertrophic cells, respectively. Data from cells in vitro are generally not
      comparable to data obtained from cells in situ. Chondrocytes in situ contain
      relatively high levels of Na, which is probably due to: (1) high Na levels in the
      cartilage matrix formed intracellularly, and (2) low supply of oxygen and
      nutrients. High Na levels in (some of) the proliferative cells may also be
      related to mitotic activity. The chondrocyte matrix contains relatively high
      levels of K. The data in the present study are compared to those of previous
      studies on the elemental content of chondrocytes.

PMID- 3399851
TI  - Scanning electron microscope diagnosis of wear patterns versus artifacts on
      fossil teeth.
AB  - Recent work with modern mammalian teeth has shown that, during an animal's
      lifetime, microscopic wear patterns are generally laid down in a regular fashion
      at specific locations on the teeth. These regularities make it possible to
      distinguish real dental microwear (resulting from behaviors during life) from
      artifacts of preservation and preparation (postmortem wear) on fossil teeth. The
      size, shape, location, and orientation of microscopic wear features can all aid
      in making such distinctions. Several types of postmortem wear are identifiable on
      fossil teeth. Since some of these effects are intimately tied to the taphonomic
      history of the fossil, some postmortem wear will vary significantly within and
      between paleontological sites. Moreover, certain forms of postmortem wear will
      undoubtedly pose problems for microwear interpretations involving fragments of
      teeth. Still, it is usually possible to distinguish postmortem wear from real
      dental microwear in complete specimens. If there is any doubt about such
      distinctions, it is best to discard the specimen from the analysis.

PMID- 3399852
TI  - Surface analysis of tarnished dental alloys.
AB  - Six crown and bridge alloys ranging in nobility between 25-63 wt % (18-45 at %)
      were analyzed by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy
      dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS), as
      well as by L*a*b* colorimetry before and after in vitro tarnishing in artificial
      saliva with and without additions of 0.00016, 0.016, and 1.6 % Na2S with a
      rotating wheel apparatus. All alloys except the lowest of 18 at % changed colors
      to about the same degree after 72 h of tarnishing. All alloys decreased in L*,
      while increased in both a* and b*, thus appearing darker and with increased
      redness and yellowness. This was due to localized darkening and to other
      products. For all alloys except one, saliva without sulfide promoted color
      changes more severe than for saliva with 0.016 % Na2S. For the most part,
      analysis by EDS was unable to detect differences between the tarnished films and
      the as-polished surfaces. SIMS analysis, however, showed changes in the substrate
      ion (Cu, Ag, Pd, and In) peak intensities. In most cases the intensities
      decreased and with the decrease greater with the sulfide-free saliva than with
      sulfide-containing. This indicated that sulfide promoted insoluble deposition of
      products. Changes in the Ag, Pd, and In peak intensities followed much the same
      pattern as with Cu. The as-polished surfaces, even though carefully prepared,
      showed much contamination in the form of organics, namely C, CH, N, NH, O, CHN,
      CN, as well as from Na, K, Ca, Si, S, Cl, and others. Most tarnished surfaces
      showed large increases in Na, K, and Ca, and with the sulfide-free saliva being
      more severe in this regard. The mass spectrum also showed peaks with atomic mass
      units in the range 55-58 related to only some of the tarnished surfaces.

PMID- 3399853
TI  - Low temperature scanning electron microscopy: advantages and applications.
AB  - Cryo-preparation of specimens for scanning electron microscopy can be completed
      within a few minutes. Chemical fixation and contact with solvents is avoided,
      levels of specimen hydration are maintained, low melting-point materials are
      stabilized, volume changes are minimized and internal structure can be revealed
      by freeze-fracture. Elements are not lost or substantially relocated prior to X
      ray microanalysis and specimen luminescence is enhanced. The displacement of
      internal structure and material subject to X-ray microanalysis by the growth of
      ice crystals in hydrated samples can be minimized by adopting fast freezing
      methods designed to limit ice crystal growth. The technique enables a wide range
      of industrial and biological materials to be examined rapidly and free from
      artifacts commonly associated with more conventional preparation methods.

PMID- 3399854
TI  - The cell water problem posed by electron microscopic studies of ion binding in
      muscle.
AB  - The question whether cell K+ is free or bound in the striated frog muscle has
      been investigated during the last 10 years by different cryomethods and electron
      microscopy. The results support the view that most of cellular ions are
      osmotically inactive and that therefore the observed cell water activity must be
      explained by a model which assumes a specific cell water structure. According to
      the association-induction hypothesis, cell water is influenced by macromolecules
      and has low solubilities for Na+ and other solutes which therefore are partly
      excluded from cellular water. Autoradiography of frozen hydrated Na+ loaded
      muscles and microanalytical studies with freeze-dried cryosections of ouabain
      treated muscle support the view that cell water has the proposed Na+ exclusion
      property. It is concluded that problems such as cell volume regulation and muscle
      contraction cannot be understood completely without taking into account cellular
      ion binding and a specific cell water structure; in addition, mainly due to these
      cell properties it seems to be impossible to avoid volume changes of cells and
      subcellular compartments during conventional chemical fixation and dehydration of
      biological specimens.

PMID- 3399855
TI  - Quench cooled ice crystal imprint size: a micro-method for study of
      macromolecular hydration.
AB  - Quench cooling (rate greater than 4000 degrees C/sec) of biological specimens
      limits growth of ice crystals by processes different from slow cooling methods.
      Quench cooling in liquid propane cooled in liquid nitrogen induced ice crystal
      segregation compartments, as imaged by scanning transmission electron micrographs
      of freeze-dried cryosections of tissues and protein solutions. The observed
      imprints of ice crystals were relatively small and roughly spherical. The size of
      these ice crystal imprints increased with distance from the specimen/quenchant
      surface. Beyond a depth of 150 microns the size of the imprints was constant but
      differed among subcellular compartments. The size of the imprints was found to be
      dependent on: water content, extent of hydration water and the degree of protein
      aggregation. Determination of extent of hydration water and degree of protein
      aggregation in protein solutions by measurements on the size of ice crystal
      imprints yields data in agreement with macroscopic methods. Thus ice crystal
      imprints give information about the interactions of macromolecules and water at a
      subcellular level of resolution.

PMID- 3399857
TI  - Contrasting views on the organization of cytoplasm.
AB  - The widely held conception of cytoplasm as a concentrated solution of dissolved
      proteins and other macromolecules, metabolites and inorganic ions, within which
      the various organelles and other formed elements are suspended appears to be a
      gross over-simplification. Evidence to be reviewed briefly here, from a wide
      variety of experiments and cell types, indicates that a much more extensive
      organization exists, in animal cell cytoplasm at least. Results from experiments
      on dextran sulfate permeabilized L-929 cells will be presented which support that
      organized paradigm. It seems likely that this intracellular architecture also
      exerts a strong influence on the water in the regions adjacent to it, resulting
      in the generation of altered aqueous phase physical properties compared to those
      of ordinary aqueous solutions. This analysis suggests consequences of far
      reaching importance to our understanding of cell structure and function.

PMID- 3399856
TI  - A physical theory of the living state: application to water and solute
      distribution.
AB  - This review begins with a summary of the disproof of the membrane-pump theory and
      the alternative theory of the living cell, the association-induction (AI)
      hypothesis. Being alive in the AI hypothesis represents the maintenance of a high
      (negative) energy-low entropy state in which the two major components K+ and
      water of the living cell are closely associated with the third major component of
      the living cells, proteins. K+ is adsorbed singly on beta- and gamma- carboxyl
      groups and the bulk of cell water in multilayers on the exposed NHCO groups of
      fully extended polypeptide chains of cell proteins. These adsorptions account for
      both the constancy of cell K+ and cell water per unit of cell proteins. ATP plays
      a key role in the maintenance of the cooperatively linked protein-ion-water
      assembly at the living state by its adsorption on key protein site and exercises
      the controlling influence through its strong inductive effects. Water polarized
      in multilayers demonstrates size-dependent exclusion of solutes, e.g., large
      (hydrated) Na+ is excluded from water in living cells or model systems while
      smaller urea that fits into the dynamic water structure is not excluded. The
      confirmation of the polarized multilayer theory of cell water by nuclear magnetic
      resonance (NMR), dielectric, neutron scattering, and other studies not only
      reverses the conventional belief of the existence of the cell water as normal
      liquid water; it also gives a new definition to colloids.

PMID- 3399858
TI  - Preparation of biological samples for transmission X-ray microanalysis: a review
      of alternative procedures to the use of sectioned material.
AB  - Although transmission X-ray microanalysis of biological material has
      traditionally been carried out mainly on sectioned preparations, a number of
      alternative procedures exist. These are considered under three major headings -
      whole cell preparations, analysis of cell homogenates and biological fluids, and
      applications of the technique to microsamples of purified biochemicals. These
      three aspects provide a continuous range of investigative level - from the
      cellular to the molecular. The use of X-ray microanalysis with whole cell
      preparations is considered in reference to eukaryote (animal) cells and
      prokaryotes - where it has particular potential in environmental studies on
      bacteria. In the case of cell homogenates and biological fluids, the technique
      has been used mainly with microdroplets of animal material. The use of X-ray
      microanalysis with purified biochemicals is considered in relation to both
      particulate and non-particulate samples. In the latter category, the application
      of this technique for analysis of thin films of metalloprotein is particularly
      emphasised. It is concluded that wider use could be made of the range of
      preparative techniques available - both within a particular investigation, and in
      diverse fields of study. Transmission X-ray microanalysis has implications for
      environmental, physiological and molecular biology as well as cell biology.

PMID- 3399859
TI  - Elemental microanalysis of biological specimens.
AB  - Although X-ray microanalysis in the electron microscope is the most common method
      for microanalysis of biological specimens, other methods of elemental
      microanalysis (electron energy loss spectroscopy, scanning Auger microanalysis,
      and proton, ion, and laser microprobe analysis) may provide important
      complementary information and help overcome some of the limitations of electron
      probe X-ray microanalysis. Despite differences in physical principles and
      instrumentation, the various microanalytical methods have much in common with
      regard to specimen preparation, quantitative analysis, and interpretation of
      analytical data. A common approach to microanalytical problems in the biological
      sciences, irrespective of the analytical techniques used, seems therefore
      indicated.

PMID- 3399860
TI  - Biomedical applications of proton induced X-ray emission.
AB  - Apart from studies on aerosols, the majority of applications of proton induced X
      ray emission (PIXE) with a normal beam or a microprobe (micro-PIXE) is found in
      biology and medicine. Two aspects of broad beam PIXE are often decisive for the
      choice of this analytical technique. Compared to other techniques capable of
      analysis down beyond the ppm level, PIXE can be carried out with a very small
      amount of material and minute fractions of the composite samples, even in the
      scale of micrometers and quite often with minimal sample preparation, which are
      important requirements for biomedical investigations. Secondly, the speed of the
      total analysis opens the possibility to analyze large numbers of samples in a
      reasonable time, which is often necessary in biomedical studies in order to
      obtain sufficiently significant correlations between trace element concentrations
      and biomedical phenomena. Few, if any, techniques can compete with micro-PIXE;
      quantitative trace element analysis on a micrometer scale still represent a
      challenging problem. The electron microprobe normally lacks the sensitivity while
      the laser induced techniques suffer as yet from quantification problems. This
      paper describes recent developments especially in micro-PIXE in biomedical
      research.

PMID- 3399861
TI  - Fibroblast and epidermal cell-type I collagen interactions: cell culture and
      human studies.
AB  - Fibroblast and epidermal cell-type I collagen sponge interactions were studied in
      cell culture as well as in humans. In cell culture, fibroblasts were observed to
      migrate and proliferate throughout a type I collagen sponge containing either
      hyaluronic acid (HA) or fibronectin (FN). Fibroblasts accumulated in the center
      of the pores in sponges containing HA and appeared to surround themselves with
      newly synthesized extracellular matrix. In sponges containing FN, fibroblasts
      attached to and elongated along the collagen fibers of the sponge. In the absence
      of FN or HA protein synthesis of fibroblasts appeared to be inhibited by the
      presence of the type I collagen sponge. Epidermal cells grown on plastic or on
      type I collagen, formed sheets. Epidermal cells grown on a collagen sponge
      morphologically appeared different than cells grown on plastic. The type I
      collagen matrix studied in cell culture was applied to dermal wounds of patients
      with pressure ulcers in order to evaluate its effect on dermal wound healing. The
      areas of ulcers treated for 6 weeks with a type I collagen sponge decreased by
      about 40% compared with no change in the areas of untreated controls. Preliminary
      results suggest that a type I collagen sponge is a biocompatible substrate with
      fibroblasts and epidermal cells and may be effective in enhancing healing of
      chronic skin ulcers.

PMID- 3399862
TI  - [Normal-pressure hydrocephalus in adults. Analysis of results and complications
      following ventriculo-cardiac derivation].
AB  - The results of ventriculo-atrial shunting have been analyzed in 37 patients with
      normal pressure hydrocephalus. The nature and severity of the symptoms and their
      progression in time, together with the results of computed tomography and
      clinical response to CSF withdrawal by lumbar puncture, were compared with the
      outcome after shunting, in order to define reliable prognostic criteria. In the
      long term, 43% of the patients improved and 30% died. The complication rate was
      22%, including primarily subdural hematoma and shunt malfunction. Amongst the
      symptoms, ataxia responded best to shunting. Clinical improvement after
      subtraction of lumbar CSF, and demonstration by computed tomography of
      ventricular dilation with a hypodense area around the frontal horns in the
      absence of cortical atrophy, were associated with a favorable outcome.

PMID- 3399863
TI  - [Allergies to laboratory animals. An epidemiological, allergological study in
      persons exposed to laboratory animals].
AB  - The nature, frequency and symptoms of laboratory animal allergies (LAA) were
      explored in 110 persons having contacts with laboratory animals and working in
      research laboratories at Zurich University Hospital and institutes. 20.9% of
      these persons were actually suffering from a laboratory animal allergy, a
      percentage corresponding to international reports in the literature (12-27%).
      82.6% of persons with LAA were atopic subjects. In a group without LAA we found
      an atopic disposition only in 25.3%. The commonest signs of LAA were a
      combination of rhinoconjunctivitis with bronchial asthma and with contact
      urticaria in 43.5% over-all. Rats and mice were the laboratory animals most
      contacted and they represented the largest number of sensitizations. The interval
      between the beginning of exposure and onset of the symptoms of LAA ranged between
      a few months and many years. In general, the time space is much shorter in atopic
      subjects than in non-atopic persons. Skin tests gave better and more precise
      results in the detection of a LAA than in vitro examinations. This means that
      investigations with RAST (PHARMACIA) were less sensitive than the prick multitest
      (STALLERGENES). The last-mentioned can be recommended as very good for serial
      allergological examinations. The new Phadiatop-test (PHARMACIA)--in the study we
      obtained positive results in 38.5%--is a sound and most specific examination for
      discrimination between atopic and non-atopic disposition. Determination of total
      IgE was of less value.

PMID- 3399864
TI  - [Internal reflux in cattle--studies of the abomasal reflux syndrome in various
      diseases of the digestive system].

PMID- 3399865
TI  - [Relationship between ovarian cysts and the concentration of beta-carotene,
      vitamin E and vitamin A in the serum of dairy cows].

PMID- 3399868
TI  - [Swimmer's shoulder: a little-known etiology and its rehabilitation].

PMID- 3399867
TI  - [Deontology and professional ethics].

PMID- 3399866
TI  - [What is your diagnosis? Which treatment do you suggest? An unusual case of an
      aggravated secondary reaction of megestrol acetate therapy].

PMID- 3399870
TI  - [The traveling athlete and AIDS--what are the risks?].

PMID- 3399869
TI  - [Exercise-induced urticaria and anaphylaxis].

PMID- 3399871
TI  - [Cardiologic diagnosis using color Doppler echocardiography].
AB  - Colour-coded Doppler echocardiography (Colour Flow Imaging) is a new noninvasive
      method that offers new perspectives in the cardiographical diagnosis of cardiac
      defects with regard to diagnostic safety, easily interpreted manner of
      presentation, and in coping with the complexities of cardiac blood flow. This
      method also helps to optimise the use of well-established methods such as
      continuous-wave Doppler echocardiography enabling quantitative pressure
      measurement in children. Finally, the quantifiability of regurgitations and shunt
      lesions will be considerably improved by the introduction of digital flow mapping
      which is expected to be introduced in near future.

PMID- 3399872
TI  - [Age-dependent blood flow velocity in the cerebral arteries of newborn infants
      and infants measured by Doppler sonography].
AB  - In 121 prematurely born infants, newborn and older infants (age 1-30 days, weight
      at investigation 1070-3750 g) flow velocities in the anterior cerebral artery,
      the internal carotid artery and the basilar artery were measured. All
      investigations were performed by computerised pulsed Doppler sonography (Acuson
      128), with a 5 MHz transducer. Maximal systolic, endsystolic, and end diastolic
      flow velocities were measured as well as the pulsatility index and the resistance
      index. The flow velocities showed a strong positive linear correlation with age.
      The pulsatility indices were independent of age. For all flow parameters normal
      values were estimated.

PMID- 3399874
TI  - The low incidence of alcoholic cirrhosis in the islands of Lewis and Harris.
AB  - The annual incidence of clinically apparent cirrhosis of the liver from all
      causes in the islands of Lewis and Harris has been found to be 5.5 cases per
      100,000 and alcoholic cirrhosis to be 2.76 per 100,000. Sales of alcohol in the
      island amount to 6.85 million pounds giving a per capita spending on alcohol of
      283 pounds in 1984. The incidence of alcoholic cardiomyopathy was found to be 3.7
      cases per 100,000 and there were 120 admissions per 100,000 with illnesses
      directly related to alcoholism. It was suggested that the very low incidence of
      alcoholic cirrhosis despite the high per capita spending on alcohol could be due
      to inherited factors, the pattern of drinking and the type of alcohol consumed.

PMID- 3399873
TI  - [Ultrasound tomography in postoperative monitoring of infratentorial space
      occupying lesions].
AB  - After osteoclastic trepanations of the posterior fossa for cystic or solid
      processes of the cerebellum and the cerebellopontine angle, ultrasonic tomography
      is a suitable imaging procedure. A mechanical sector probe with a frequency of
      3.5 MHz is recommended as transducer. The postoperative ultrasonic findings are
      the basis for the sonographic observation of the further evolution. Cystic and
      solid processes can be localized and their dimensions metrically determined by
      means of multiple plane cross-sectional imaging. Ultrasonic tomography is
      recommended as a primary diagnostic method owing to its lack of invasivity and
      radiation exposure, simple handling and repeatability. As a consequence, CT
      examinations can be better aimed.

PMID- 3399875
TI  - Twenty-five years of respiratory intensive care.
AB  - During the years 1961 to 1986 the four-bedded Artificial Ventilation Unit of the
      Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh has treated 3046 patients with respiratory problems
      of all types. There has been a steady increase in the number of patients admitted
      each year to the present level of 180-190, a fall in mean length of stay from 15
      to six days and the mortality rate has been reduced to 13%. The type of case
      admitted has shown considerable variation over the years with the most
      significant change being a large increase in the patients admitted post
      operatively. The size of the unit has placed severe restrictions on the work that
      can be undertaken.

PMID- 3399876
TI  - The incidence of childhood diabetes in certain parts of Scotland.
AB  - The incidence of diabetes in children under 12 years of age has been studied in
      three regions of Scotland from 1976 to 1986. These areas represent more than half
      of the Scottish population of that age group. The overall annual incidence is
      17.6 per 100,000, ranging from 16.8 in densely populated areas to 23.4 in more
      rural areas. Earlier studies have concerned the age group 0-18 years so the
      present results from a younger age group are, as expected, slightly lower but
      show the same trends. After a rise to 1983 there appears to have been a drop, but
      not in all areas. The danger of drawing conclusions from areas of low population
      or from short periods of time is stressed.

PMID- 3399877
TI  - Management of diabetes resistant to subcutaneous insulin with intravenous insulin
      via an implanted infusion pump.
AB  - Diabetes resistant to conventional subcutaneous insulin injection is a rare
      complication of insulin-dependent diabetes which poses a major management
      problem. We report three cases treated for a total of over seven patient years
      with fully implanted insulin infusion devices. Technical difficulties with the
      devices and their operation have been substantial but the patients are much
      improved and hospitalisation has been dramatically reduced. We suggest that
      implanted insulin pumps are a real treatment option for patients with this
      unusual syndrome.

PMID- 3399878
TI  - Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the lung.
AB  - Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) commonly presents with extensive disease involving
      extranodal tissues. Involvement of the mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes, pleura
      and lung parenchyma are recognised complications although their incidence is
      uncertain. However, pulmonary involvement is undoubtedly much less common than
      involvement at other extra nodal sites. Histologically proven NHL limited to the
      lung parenchyma, after full staging including computerised tomography and marrow
      trephines, is extremely rare. We report on two such cases and review the
      literature.

PMID- 3399879
TI  - Acute renal failure due to interstitial nephritis induced by 'glue-sniffing' with
      subsequent recovery.
AB  - We report a case of the deliberate inhalation of a toluene-containing adhesive
      which caused acute renal failure and hepatic damage. Renal biopsy disclosed a
      severe tubulo-interstitial nephritis, renal function recovered after 14 days'
      haemodialysis. The literature on renal complications of toluene exposure is
      reviewed, this is the only case of acute renal failure due to interstitial
      nephritis after toluene exposure with subsequent recovery. Recovery in this case
      may have been related to the avoidance of further toluene exposure.

PMID- 3399880
TI  - HIV is not the cause of AIDS.

PMID- 3399881
TI  - HIV causes AIDS.

PMID- 3399882
TI  - Brain implants and behavioral changes.

PMID- 3399883
TI  - Large females, small males.

PMID- 3399884
TI  - Crisis in AID malaria network.

PMID- 3399885
TI  - Vaccine trials disappoint.

PMID- 3399886
TI  - Harvard tackles the rush to publication.

PMID- 3399887
TI  - Another glitch for AIDS vaccines?

PMID- 3399888
TI  - Progress in predicting breast cancer relapses.

PMID- 3399889
TI  - Social relationships and health.
AB  - Recent scientific work has established both a theoretical basis and strong
      empirical evidence for a causal impact of social relationships on health.
      Prospective studies, which control for baseline health status, consistently show
      increased risk of death among persons with a low quantity, and sometimes low
      quality, of social relationships. Experimental and quasi-experimental studies of
      humans and animals also suggest that social isolation is a major risk factor for
      mortality from widely varying causes. The mechanisms through which social
      relationships affect health and the factors that promote or inhibit the
      development and maintenance of social relationships remain to be explored.

PMID- 3399891
TI  - Molecular characterization of a functional cDNA encoding the serotonin 1c
      receptor.
AB  - Neurons that release serotonin as a neurotransmitter project to most regions of
      the central and peripheral nervous system and mediate diverse neural functions.
      The physiological effects of serotonin are initiated by the activation of
      multiple, distinct receptor subtypes. Cloning in RNA expression vectors was
      combined with a sensitive electrophysiological assay in Xenopus oocytes in order
      to isolate a functional cDNA clone encoding the 5HTlc serotonin receptor.
      Injection of RNA transcribed in vitro from this clone into Xenopus oocytes
      elicits serotonin sensitivity. Mouse fibroblasts transformed with this clone bind
      serotonin agonists and antagonists and exhibit an increase in intracellular Ca2+
      concentrations in response to serotonin. The sequence of the 5HTlc receptor
      reveals that it belongs to the family of G protein-coupled receptors, which are
      thought to traverse the cytoplasmic membrane seven times. Moreover, in situ
      hybridization and RNA blot analysis indicate that the 5HTlc receptor is expressed
      in neurons in many regions of the central nervous system and suggest that this
      subclass of receptor may mediate many of the central actions of serotonin.

PMID- 3399890
TI  - Parallel stranded DNA.
AB  - A series of four hairpin deoxyoligonucleotides was synthesized with a four
      nucleotide central loop (either C or G) flanked by the complementary sequences
      d(T)10 and d(A)10. Two of the molecules contain either a 3'-p-3' or 5'-p-5'
      linkage in the loop, so that the strands in the stem have the same, that is,
      parallel (ps) polarity. The pair of reference oligonucleotides have normal
      phosphodiester linkages throughout and antiparallel (aps) stem regions. All the
      molecules adopt a duplex helical structure in that (i) the electrophoretic
      mobilities in polyacrylamide gels of the ps and aps oligomers are similar. (ii)
      The ps hairpins are substrates for T4 polynucleotide kinase, T4 DNA ligase, and
      Escherichia coli exonuclease III. (iii) Salt-dependent thermal transitions are
      observed for all hairpins, but the ps molecules denature 10 degrees C lower than
      the corresponding aps oligomers. (iv) The ultraviolet absorption and circular
      dichroism spectra are indicative of a base-paired duplex in the stems of the ps
      hairpins but differ systematically from those of the aps counterparts. (v) The
      bis-benzimidazole drug Hoechst-33258, which binds in the minor groove of B-DNA,
      exhibits very little fluorescence in the presence of the ps hairpins but a
      normal, enhanced emission with the aps oligonucleotides. In contrast, the
      intercalator ethidium bromide forms a strongly fluorescent complex with all
      hairpins, the intensity of which is even higher for the ps species. (vi) The
      pattern of chemical methylation is the same for both the ps and aps hairpins. The
      combined results are consistent with the prediction from force field analysis of
      a parallel stranded right-handed helical form of d(A)n.d(T)n with a secondary
      structure involving reverse Watson-Crick base pairs and a stability not
      significantly different from that of the B-DNA double helix. Models of the
      various hairpins optimized with force field calculations are described.

PMID- 3399893
TI  - Selective activation of transcription by a novel CCAAT binding factor.
AB  - A novel CCAAT binding factor (CBF) composed of two different subunits has been
      extensively purified from rat liver. Both subunits are needed for specific
      binding to DNA. Addition of this purified protein to nuclear extracts of NIH 3T3
      fibroblasts stimulates transcription from several promoters including the alpha
      2(I) collagen, the alpha 1(I) collagen, the Rous sarcoma virus long terminal
      repeat (RSV-LTR), and the adenovirus major late promoter. Point mutations in the
      CCAAT motif that show either no binding or a decreased binding of CBF likewise
      abolish or reduce activation of transcription by CBF. Activation of transcription
      requires, therefore, the specific binding of CBF to its recognition sites.

PMID- 3399892
TI  - Cloning of a lymphoid-specific cDNA encoding a protein binding the regulatory
      octamer DNA motif.
AB  - An octamer DNA sequence plays a critical role in directing transcription of
      immunoglobulin genes in B lymphocytes. A new technique of direct binding of
      radioactive DNA was used to screen a complementary DNA expression library from
      the BJAB cell line in lambda gt11 phage to derive molecular cDNA clones
      representing a putative B lymphocyte-specific octamer binding protein. The
      plaques were screened with DNA containing four copies of the octamer sequence and
      positive phage recombinants were identified. The fusion protein produced on
      inducing a lysogen of one phage bound to a monomeric octamer probe. The cDNA
      insert from this phage hybridized to messenger RNA found in B lymphocytes, but
      not in most other cells. Thus, this cDNA derives from a gene (oct-2) that
      specifies an octamer binding protein expressed preferentially in B lymphocytes,
      proving that, for at least one gene, a cell-specific transcription factor exists
      and its amount is controlled through messenger RNA availability.

PMID- 3399895
TI  - Howard Hughes Institute.

PMID- 3399896
TI  - Court rules cells are the patient's property.

PMID- 3399897
TI  - New head for CNRS.

PMID- 3399894
TI  - Low plasma cholesterol levels caused by a short deletion in the apolipoprotein B
      gene.
AB  - Familial hypobetalipoproteinemia is a syndrome in which the plasma levels of
      apolipoprotein B (apo-B) and cholesterol are abnormally low. A truncated species
      of apo-B was identified in the plasma lipoproteins of members of a kindred with
      familial hypobetalipoproteinemia. DNA sequencing studies on genomic clones and
      enzymatically amplified genomic DNA samples revealed a four-base pair deletion in
      the apo-B gene. This short deletion, which results in a frameshift and a
      premature stop codon, accounts for the truncated apo-B species and explains the
      low apo-B and low cholesterol levels in this family.

PMID- 3399898
TI  - More squabbling over unbelievable result.

PMID- 3399899
TI  - Tracking variation in the AIDS virus family.

PMID- 3399900
TI  - Role of the glutathione redox cycle in acquired and de novo multidrug resistance.
AB  - Drug resistance represents a major obstacle to successful cancer chemotherapy.
      However, the specific biochemical mechanisms responsible for clinical drug
      resistance are unknown. In these studies resistance to the antitumor agent
      adriamycin was found to involve two mechanisms, one that decreased drug
      accumulation by the P170 mechanism and another that altered the glutathione redox
      cycle, an important pathway in the detoxification of reactive oxygen. This dual
      mechanism of drug resistance was demonstrated in cell lines that had acquired the
      multidrug-resistant phenotype and in human colorectal cancer cells with de novo
      resistance. These studies support a model of acquired and de novo multidrug
      resistance that includes alterations in both drug accumulation and the
      glutathione redox cycle.

PMID- 3399903
TI  - [Comparative measurement of retropatellar pressure and contact surface before and
      after distal repositioning of the tibial tuberosity in patella alta. An
      experimental study].

PMID- 3399902
TI  - [Rehabilitation of a severely injured motorcyclist with blunt abdominal trauma
      and 22 fractures. A case report].

PMID- 3399901
TI  - Conversion of a PI-anchored protein to an integral membrane protein by a single
      amino acid mutation.
AB  - Qa-2, a cell-surface glycoprotein anchored by phosphatidylinositol (PI), is
      structurally related to the class I transplantation antigens H-2 K, D, and L,
      which are integral membrane glycoproteins. The predicted transmembrane segment of
      Qa-2 differs from those of H-2 K, D, and L by the presence of an aspartate in
      place of a valine at position 295. A single base change that replaced this
      aspartate with valine resulted in cell-surface Qa-2 molecules that were
      insensitive to hydrolysis by a PI-specific phospholipase C and more resistant to
      papain cleavage, properties shared by H-2D. Cells expressing Asp----Val mutant Qa
      2 proteins were still able to attach a PI anchor to endogenous proteins such as
      Thy-1 and J11D. It therefore appears that this single amino acid change converts
      Qa-2 from a PI-linked form into an integral membrane protein.

PMID- 3399904
TI  - [Blood supply to the ilium as a basis for free bone transplants of the tibial
      crest].

PMID- 3399906
TI  - Advances in chemotherapy for Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.

PMID- 3399905
TI  - [Pseudodislocation of the upper cervical vertebrae--an often misdiagnosed normal
      variant in childhood].

PMID- 3399907
TI  - Surfactant replacement therapy.

PMID- 3399908
TI  - The future of surfactant replacement therapy.

PMID- 3399909
TI  - 1987 SMA lecture. Consumer or patient?

PMID- 3399910
TI  - Tuberculosis in peritoneal dialysis patients.

PMID- 3399911
TI  - Biological threshold limit values for manganese dust exposure.

PMID- 3399912
TI  - Treatment of pharyngeal gonorrhea with extended oral ampicillin.

PMID- 3399913
TI  - Cigarette smoking in Singapore.

PMID- 3399914
TI  - Psychological factors in coronary heart disease.

PMID- 3399915
TI  - Meteorological factors and pre-eclampsia.

PMID- 3399916
TI  - Radial keratotomy--a preliminary report on 18 eyes.

PMID- 3399917
TI  - A study of psychiatric inpatient suicides in Singapore.

PMID- 3399918
TI  - Oxygen savings with a new nasal cannula.

PMID- 3399919
TI  - Aches and pains among Singapore elderly.

PMID- 3399920
TI  - In-vitro efficacy of fosfomycin against commonly isolated bacteria.

PMID- 3399922
TI  - Obturator hernia--review of three cases.

PMID- 3399921
TI  - Fatal septicaemia caused by Vibrio vulnificus.

PMID- 3399923
TI  - Congenital absence of incus & stapes superstructure.

PMID- 3399925
TI  - Cough mixture addiction--a case report.

PMID- 3399924
TI  - Antepartum cortical blindness.

PMID- 3399926
TI  - Primary ovarian pregnancy--a case report.

PMID- 3399928
TI  - [Sterile gloves and nursing care].

PMID- 3399927
TI  - Pharyngeal gonorrhoea.

PMID- 3399929
TI  - [Dynamic phonocardiology].

PMID- 3399930
TI  - [Ultrasonics in cardiology. Mono and bidimensional echocardiography. Doppler
      technic].

PMID- 3399931
TI  - [Long-term ECG recording. The Holter method].

PMID- 3399933
TI  - [Exercise tests in cardiology].

PMID- 3399932
TI  - [The heart and isotopes].

PMID- 3399934
TI  - [Use of information within the hospital].

PMID- 3399936
TI  - [The work code].

PMID- 3399935
TI  - [The bedsore is no longer an enigma].

PMID- 3399937
TI  - [Determination of antigens of the ABO system in dried spots exposed for different
      periods of time to the effects of detergent agents].

PMID- 3399938
TI  - [Determination of the level of ethanol in the blood of drivers, using short
      capillary columns. A question of 2 different methods of determining alcohol in
      the blood using gas chromatography].

PMID- 3399939
TI  - [Tranquilizers: the carbamates].

PMID- 3399940
TI  - [The nursing team and attending the dying. Role of the supervisor].

PMID- 3399942
TI  - [The nursing team and attending the dying. The role of the nurses aide].

PMID- 3399941
TI  - [The nursing team and attending the dying. The nurse's role].

PMID- 3399943
TI  - [Pain in terminal patients].

PMID- 3399944
TI  - [Attention to daily life. Experiences of the Vitry Inter-age Gerontological
      Association].

PMID- 3399945
TI  - [Attending the end of life].

PMID- 3399946
TI  - [For the artists in the white uniform. "Above all don't forget: fools are mortal
      too"].

PMID- 3399948
TI  - [Preserving humaneness].

PMID- 3399947
TI  - [Attending the dying. Ethical and spiritual aims].

PMID- 3399949
TI  - [When I shall go...].

PMID- 3399950
TI  - [The suffering of caregivers in the presence of death].

PMID- 3399951
TI  - [Protected lodgings].

PMID- 3399953
TI  - [Attending the dying. A social practice].

PMID- 3399954
TI  - [Medical rehabilitation (its definition, objectives and problems)].

PMID- 3399952
TI  - [Attending the dying. Study session organized by the Association for Research,
      Teaching and Promotion of Nursing Care (1)].

PMID- 3399955
TI  - [Direct and concomitant economic effectiveness of research the results of which
      are adopted by the public health system].

PMID- 3399956
TI  - [Major trends and prospects of development of socialist public health].

PMID- 3399957
TI  - [Morbidity with temporary disability among the staff of a medical institute].

PMID- 3399959
TI  - [Problems of the control and evaluation of implementation of the "Complex program
      of the activities with regard to disease prevention and health promotion among
      the population of the USSR 1985-1990].

PMID- 3399958
TI  - [The prevalence of smoking among schoolchildren of the 5th to 10th grades].

PMID- 3399960
TI  - [The problems of increasing the accessibility of medical services for the
      population of the Republic of Afghanistan].

PMID- 3399961
TI  - [A model of integrated and stage-by-stage system of emergency medical services].

PMID- 3399962
TI  - Cytoplasmic suppression of tumor progression in reconstituted cells.
AB  - This report details studies of whether mouse NIH/3T3 TGr karyoplasts that are
      exposed to benzo[a]pyrene epoxide(trans) (BPDE) can progress to tumorigenicity
      when they are rescued with either mouse B10mtJ CAPr tumorigenic (experiment 1) or
      nontumorigenic (experiment 2) cytoplasts. The mitochondrial DNA of the B10mtJ
      cells has restriction fragment length differences that allow distinction from the
      mitochondrial DNA of the NIH/3T3 cells. The reconstructed clones in experiment 1
      were all tumorigenic, while those from experiment 2 were all nontumorigenic. The
      clones in both experiments were passaged for an equivalent time. These findings
      reflect the presence of factors in mouse cytoplasm capable of suppressing the
      tumor phenotype of NIH/3T3-BPDE treated karyoplasts when rescued at an early
      stage of progression.

PMID- 3399963
TI  - Identification of human gene complementing ts AlS9 mouse L-cell defect in DNA
      replication following DNA-mediated gene transfer.
AB  - The temperature-sensitive (ts) mouse L-cell, ts AlS9, is defective in a gene
      required for nuclear DNA replication early in the S phase of the cell cycle.
      Human DNA sequences were introduced into ts AlS9 cells together with the plasmid
      pSV2neo, which can confer resistance to the drug geneticin. Cotransformants,
      expressing both the plasmid-derived neomycin gene and the transferred human AlS9
      gene, were selected for growth in the presence of the drug at the nonpermissive
      temperature (npt). The resulting transformants retained a common set of human
      specific Alu repetitive DNA sequences. These are likely to be accommodated
      within, or in proximity to, the transferred human AlS9 gene. The results obtained
      provide the basis for cloning human genes required for DNA replication.

PMID- 3399964
TI  - Rat c-raf oncogene is located on chromosome 4 and may be activated by sequences
      from chromosome 13.
AB  - Activated forms of the protooncogene c-raf have been found to transform
      established lines of rodent fibroblasts after transfection with DNA from several
      human and rat tumors. Using Southern blot analysis of DNAs from rat x mouse
      somatic cell hybrids, we have mapped c-raf to rat chromosome 4. An exogenous
      sequence that was found juxtaposed to c-raf within transforming DNA originally
      derived from a rat hepatocellular carcinoma was localized to chromosome 13.

PMID- 3399965
TI  - Regional assignment of human tissue factor gene (F3) to chromosome 1p21-p22.
AB  - Tissue factor, or coagulation factor III, is a membrane-bound glycoprotein and
      acts as a cofactor for factor VII-dependent initiation of blood coagulation. The
      tissue factor gene (F3) was previously assigned to human chromosome 1, region p21
      pter. The present report has further refined the mapping position to 1p21-p22
      using a cDNA probe for the tissue factor gene and in situ hybridization to
      metaphase chromosomes.

PMID- 3399966
TI  - Gene for lipoamide dehydrogenase maps to human chromosome 7.
AB  - The gene for lipoamide dehydrogenase (LD) has been assigned to human chromosome 7
      based on filter hybridization analysis of genomic DNA from rodent-human somatic
      cell hybrids using a cDNA probe for human LD. No indication of multiple copies of
      the gene was found, in accordance with previous evidence that LD in the pyruvate,
      alpha-ketoglutarate, and branched chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complexes is
      genetically as well as biochemically identical.

PMID- 3399967
TI  - Suffer the little children.

PMID- 3399969
TI  - Biomedical writing.

PMID- 3399970
TI  - Influence of perinatal care on stillbirths in patients of low socio-economic
      class.
AB  - In a series of 12,587 deliveries in patients of low socio-economic class, there
      were 356 stillbirths; prospective analysis of these showed that 42.1% occurred in
      the 4.7% of cases in which the mother had received no antenatal care. When booked
      and unbooked patients were compared it was found that the rate of stillbirths due
      to infection and anoxia was significantly higher among unbooked patients, who
      also accounted for more intra-uterine deaths due to abruptio placentae and
      congenital abnormalities. We speculate that diet and nutrition might play a major
      part in the causation of these intra-uterine deaths.

PMID- 3399968
TI  - Antihypertensive drug therapy and quality of life.

PMID- 3399971
TI  - Results of surgical decompression in chronic tuberculous paraplegia.
AB  - The results of surgical decompression in 117 patients with chronic tuberculous
      paraplegia, defined as paraplegia persisting for more than 3 months, were
      reviewed. After surgery 90 patients were able to walk. Significant findings at
      surgery were marked extradural fibrosis with very little caseation and pus. The
      study showed that paraplegia of greater than 6 months' duration was associated
      with a poor result. There were no cases of reactivation of the disease in the
      follow-up period ranging from 1 year to 4 years.

PMID- 3399972
TI  - Lengthening of the Achilles tendon in cerebral palsy with specific reference to
      the suture line. A long-term follow-up study.
AB  - This is a follow-up study on two series of patients who had their Achilles
      tendons lengthened. Metal markers were inserted and it was found that the
      distance between them increased for up to 6 months after surgery.

PMID- 3399974
TI  - Rubella sensitivity in young women--an occupational hazard in hospitals.
AB  - This study of 1,496 serological results over a period of 4 years draws attention
      to the fact that there may be female personnel in the hospital setting who are
      not only at risk of contracting rubella but could also infect susceptible
      pregnant patients, and to the need for an effective programme of immunisation
      against rubella for hospital personnel. It was established that a higher
      proportion of young white female personnel (18% and more) than coloured personnel
      (4%) at Groote Schuur Hospital were susceptible to rubella, and that this figure
      was higher than in other South African centres and centres in many other
      countries.

PMID- 3399973
TI  - [Oral ketanserin in the treatment of pre-eclampsia].
AB  - Oral ketanserin was used in an attempt to control gestational proteinuric
      hypertension and to improve perinatal outcome in 20 patients before 34 weeks. The
      average duration of treatment was 9 days. These patients had advanced disease
      which progressed despite additional treatment with a diuretic and/or methyldopa.

PMID- 3399975
TI  - Sexual abuse of children--a hospital-based study.
AB  - Eighty-eight cases of suspected sexual abuse of a child were investigated at Red
      Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital during 1985. Twenty cases of rape, 15 of
      incest and 7 of sexual interference were confirmed; but 47% of cases remained
      unconfirmed. All social strata were affected and victims ranged from 10 months to
      13 years in age. An increase in the numbers of victims seen is ascribed to the
      vigilance of a child abuse team. Implementation of the Child Care Act No. 74 of
      1983, which makes notification of suspected abuse compulsory, will inundate
      social welfare agencies with cases for investigation. Community-based studies of
      child abuse are needed to plan necessary expansion of staff.

PMID- 3399976
TI  - Unusual cause of pulsatile liver. A case report.
AB  - A patient with tricuspid atresia developed a pulsatile liver after palliative
      cardiac surgery. This was complicated by infective endocarditis causing gross
      mitral incompetence; it is postulated that this was the cause of the pulsatile
      liver.

PMID- 3399977
TI  - Oesophageal carcinoma. Third-World modification of a First-World treatment
      programme.
AB  - A 59-year-old man completed a course of cytotoxic treatment and palliative
      radiotherapy for stage III oesophageal carcinoma and then sought the aid of a
      traditional healer.

PMID- 3399978
TI  - Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis. A case report.
AB  - Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis is a rare hereditary disease, which manifests with
      tendinous xanthomas, cataracts, dementia and nervous system involvement. The
      first southern African black patient with this disorder is reported and
      biochemical abnormalities and treatment are briefly discussed.

PMID- 3399980
TI  - Cochlear implants.

PMID- 3399979
TI  - Self-induced water intoxication. A case report.
AB  - A 19-year-old female schizophrenic with self-induced water intoxication is
      described. Factors of pathogenic significance included primary polydipsia and non
      maximal urinary diluting capacity.

PMID- 3399982
TI  - Abortions in England and Wales on South African residents.

PMID- 3399981
TI  - Miliary patterns in malignant melanoma.

PMID- 3399983
TI  - Incidence of Mycoplasma.

PMID- 3399984
TI  - Post-exposure rabies prophylaxis.

PMID- 3399985
TI  - Confusion between oral contraceptives and oestrogen replacement preparations.

PMID- 3399987
TI  - The third dimension in imaging--a new role for radiologists.
AB  - Three-dimensional reconstruction of computed tomography provides a new
      radiological insight into many skeletal deformities. Its main use is for the
      face, pelvis and spine. Images from an Elscint 2100 unit illustrate the
      possibilities of this form of radiological communication.

PMID- 3399986
TI  - Prevalence of overweight and obesity and its relation to coronary heart disease
      in the CORIS study.
AB  - Using body mass index as a measure of overweight and obesity in the Coronary Risk
      Factor Study (CORIS) on a large white South African study population (N = 7,188)
      aged 15-64 years, 41.9% of the men and 38.8% of the women were overweight and, in
      addition, 14.7% of the men and 18.0% of the women were obese. In a subset of the
      study population (45-64-year-old age group) coronary risk factors were related to
      the different weight categories. Mean values of serum cholesterol, uric acid and
      systolic and diastolic blood pressure increased progressively from the
      underweight, through the normal and overweight to the obese category in both
      sexes, while the high-density lipoprotein/total cholesterol ratio and the number
      of cigarettes smoked per day showed an inverse trend. The daily energy
      expenditure remained unchanged across the weight categories. Coronary heart
      disease prevalence was progressively higher in the overweight and obese groups
      compared with the normal weight group.

PMID- 3399988
TI  - Fusarium moniliforme contamination of maize in oesophageal cancer areas in
      Transkei.
AB  - The prevalence of human oesophageal cytological abnormalities was determined by
      means of brush biopsy capsules in the adult occupants of each of 12 households in
      a low, an intermediate and a high oesophageal cancer rate area in Transkei during
      1985 and 1986. Mild cellular changes (folic acid deficiency, atypia and mild
      dysplasia) as well as advanced changes (dysplasia and cancer) occurred more
      frequently in the occupants of households in high than in intermediate and low
      oesophageal cancer rate areas. The prevalence of fungi in homegrown maize from
      the households in each area was determined by plating surface-sterilized kernels
      on agar. The prevalence of Fusarium moniliforme was significantly higher (P less
      than 0.01) in maize from cytologically 'affected' households in the high
      oesophageal cancer rate area than from 'unaffected' households in the low
      oesophageal cancer rate area during both seasons. These results confirm previous
      reports on the difference in the prevalence of F. moniliforme in maize from low
      and high oesophageal cancer rate areas in Transkei. Whereas the previously
      established correlation was between F. moniliforme and oesophageal cancer rate,
      the present results provide evidence for an association between this fungus and
      oesophageal cytological abnormalities in living individuals. These people will be
      included in further clinical, epidemiological and aetiological studies.

PMID- 3399990
TI  - Femoral neck fractures in an elderly white South African population.
AB  - In a retrospective survey of 184 patients treated for fracture of the femoral
      neck follow-up was obtained in 170; all were over 50 years of age and the male to
      female ratio was 1:5. The 12-month mortality rate was 20% and only 50% walked
      normally. Displaced fractures showed a higher morbidity and mortality rate than
      non-displaced fractures. Prognostic factors which may assist selection of the
      optimum treatment for individual patients are identified.

PMID- 3399989
TI  - Postpartum sterilisation and demographic progress at Paarl Hospital.
AB  - The success of the postpartum sterilisation campaign at Paarl Hospital, CP,
      irrefutably supports the claim that a quality family planning programme can in
      itself reduce fertility. In 1971 only 10% of women undergoing sterilisation had 4
      or fewer children--this incidence increased to 71% in 1986. Women with more than
      10 children are now very rarely found--in 1970 they still accounted for 20% of
      all patients sterilised. Parity at time of sterilisation has levelled to about 4
      in contrast with 7.52 in 1971. It is probable that as many as 15,000 unwanted and
      unplanned pregnancies have been prevented in Paarl as a result of this sustained
      effort. The ideal of the 2-child family is increasingly possible.

PMID- 3399991
TI  - Myasthenia gravis and pregnancy. A case report.
AB  - Pregnancy in a woman with myasthenia gravis is uncommon and poses definite risks.
      A case is presented and some of the problems reviewed.

PMID- 3399992
TI  - Primary serous papillary carcinoma of the peritoneum. A case report.
AB  - A primary serous papillary carcinoma of the peritoneum in a 38-year-old black
      woman is described. The autopsy results and histological, cytological,
      immunohistochemical and ultrastructural findings are discussed.

PMID- 3399993
TI  - Abuse of home nebulisers in asthma.

PMID- 3399994
TI  - 'Bombing' the patient with epilepsy.

PMID- 3399995
TI  - Kawasaki disease.

PMID- 3399996
TI  - Fulminant acute myocarditis with intractable shock.

PMID- 3399997
TI  - Tuberculosis in the elderly.

PMID- 3399998
TI  - Hematoma infected with Mycoplasma hominis.
AB  - Although mycoplasmas are commonly isolated in the genitourinary and upper
      respiratory tracts, they are rarely isolated from other sites. We describe a case
      of a young woman with trauma to her pelvis and genitourinary tract who had a
      thigh hematoma infected with Mycoplasma hominis. The patient had persistent
      systemic symptoms that resolved with appropriate antibiotics and surgical
      drainage. This case as well as other cases of Mycoplasma-infected hematomas point
      out the need to consider mycoplasma infection in patients with persistent fever
      unresponsive to conventional antibiotic therapy.

PMID- 3399999
TI  - Temporal and social aspects of gonorrhea transmission: the force of infectivity.
AB  - Theoretical consideration of the epidemiology of sexually transmitted diseases
      (STD) suggests that the key determinants of transmission dynamics are the
      duration of infectiousness and the extent to which subgroups in the population
      interact sexually. We used two empirical correlates to represent these concepts:
      (1) the force of infectivity, calculated by summing all the days of potential
      infectivity (the time between last sexual exposure and treatment of the contact)
      generated by a given case, and then summing the days for all cases within a given
      subgroup; (2) self-selection, representing the observed probability that members
      of a given subgroup select sexual partners from within their own group. Using
      data gathered in Colorado Springs, Colorado, we estimated that a single group
      i.e., black, male, heterosexual, military personnel residing in the core areas,
      generated 27% of the force of infectivity. Subgroups that select greater than 50%
      of their sexual partners from outside their sociodemographic boundaries generated
      a rate for the force of infectivity that was 4.5 times higher than the rate for
      self-selectors. These findings confirm the core group theory and suggest
      strategies for control of STD.

PMID- 3400000
TI  - [Hairy-cell leukemia: analysis of 11 cases].

PMID- 3400001
TI  - [Prognostic factors in myelodysplastic syndromes. Validation of models predictive
      of survival obtained using multivariate analysis].

PMID- 3400002
TI  - [Autotransfusion in orthopedic surgery. Study of 103 cases].

PMID- 3400004
TI  - [Gangrenous pyoderma associated with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma].

PMID- 3400003
TI  - [Effect of 6 quinolones on polymorphonuclear cell adhesion].

PMID- 3400005
TI  - [Post-transfusion infection by HIV].

PMID- 3400006
TI  - [The creation of the Spanish Blood Transfusion Society].

PMID- 3400007
TI  - Women, marriage, and Social Security benefits.
AB  - The majority of women Social Security beneficiaries receive at least part of
      their benefit based on their status as the wives or widows of entitled workers.
      This article discusses the impact of past and present marital status of women as
      a factor in establishing eligibility for monthly benefits and the amount of the
      benefit payment. The data are drawn from the 1980 and 1985 June Marital History
      Supplements to the Current Population Survey. Whether or not they are currently
      receiving auxiliary benefits, most older women are potentially eligible for them
      based on their current marital status or past marital duration.

PMID- 3400008
TI  - [Dietetics: functional digestive problems in the newborn (1)].

PMID- 3400009
TI  - [Physiological problems posed by pregnancy in women of 40. Theoretical aspects].

PMID- 3400010
TI  - [Monitoring of pregnancy and delivery in women over 40].

PMID- 3400011
TI  - [Contraception at 40 years of age].

PMID- 3400012
TI  - [Pregnancy after 40. Nursing records].

PMID- 3400013
TI  - [Epidemiology of pregnancies in women 40 and over].

PMID- 3400014
TI  - [Pregnancy after 40. Genetic problems, theoretical aspects].

PMID- 3400015
TI  - [Technics of prenatal diagnosis].

PMID- 3400016
TI  - [Dietetics: functional digestive disorders in infants (2)].

PMID- 3400017
TI  - [Research work on sound and the premature infant. Concept of nursing care and
      importance of the sound environment].

PMID- 3400018
TI  - [Evaluation of the effects of the sound environment. Presentation of an
      electrophysiologic work protocol].

PMID- 3400019
TI  - [Psychologists in the maternity unit. Their activities in the field of
      prevention].

PMID- 3400020
TI  - [Resuscitation of the premature infant. Current trends].

PMID- 3400021
TI  - [Prematurity, absenteeism tied to pregnancy. Their causes in the hospital staff].

PMID- 3400022
TI  - [Development of prematurity in France. Disquieting figures: failure of preventive
      policies?].

PMID- 3400023
TI  - [Aggression, the trigger in the psycho-affective development in children].

PMID- 3400024
TI  - [Tics in children].

PMID- 3400025
TI  - [Introduction to sound therapy in the premature infant service].

PMID- 3400027
TI  - Indications and results for splenectomy for beta thalassemia in two hundred and
      twenty-one pediatric patients.
AB  - To determine the advantages and complications of splenectomy in the treatment of
      beta thalassemia, 221 splenectomies for thalassemia performed upon pediatric
      patients from 1971 to 1982 are evaluated. There were 125 boys and 96 girls with a
      mean age of 8.2 +/- 2.5 years at the time of the operation. Sixty-one other
      patients who underwent splenectomy for other diseases served as the controls.
      Early and late complications after splenectomy are considered with a follow-up
      study of ten years. Hemoglobin (Hb) value, transfusional quotients and mean of
      transfused blood previous to surgical treatment are matched with the same
      parameters evaluated during the follow-up period. The effect of treatment with
      salicylates and dipyridamole upon the incidence of early complications after
      operation is analyzed. The postoperative complications in patients with
      thalassemia were 43.4 versus 3.2 per cent (p less than 0.01) registered in
      control patients. Late complications occurred with an incidence of 10.7 per cent
      and were due principally to sepsis. Six patients died of sepsis during the follow
      up period, but the mortality rate for sepsis in the patients we studied was
      significantly lower than that reported by others in 73 instances of splenectomy
      for beta thalassemia. Blood consumption dropped from 270 +/- 99 to 155 +/- 31
      milliliters per kilogram per year postoperatively (p less than 0.01) and Hb
      levels rose from 9.7 +/- 1.3 to 11.2 +/- 0.7 grams per milliliter. These results
      suggest that, even though splenectomy for beta thalassemia causes a relevant
      incidence of complications and fatalities, surgical treatment permits an
      improvement in the quality of the lives of patients with beta thalassemia and
      significantly reduces blood consumption. Prophylactic antibiotic therapy can
      reduce the incidence of sepsis, as was observed in the patients we studied.

PMID- 3400026
TI  - Effect of antibiotic and fluid resuscitation upon survival time in experimental
      intestinal ischemia.
AB  - Acute massive intestinal ischemia is an abdominal catastrophe. Prompt diagnosis
      and restoration of blood flow is essential; otherwise, massive intestinal
      resection occurs, leading to death or, in the survivors, intestinal cripples. In
      this study, the time of warm reversible ischemia in the canine intestine was
      explored. After this time was established, fluids and antibiotics were
      administered to note change in survival times. Massive intestinal ischemia
      (superior mesenteric artery was clamped) was tolerated without death for five
      hours (20 dogs in each group). With six hours of ischemia, a 10 per cent
      mortality rate occurred; with seven hours of ischemia, a 90 per cent mortality
      rate occurred. These dogs had a maintenance of 75 milliliters of fluid
      administered per hour. Using this group of dogs as the control (that is, the
      group with seven hour clamping time of the superior mesenteric artery with
      maintenance intravenously administered replacement), fluids were given to dogs in
      the experimental group to keep the pulmonary artery wedge pressure at a normal
      value (average of 300 milliliters per hour). This group of dogs had an increased
      survival rate of 40 per cent (ten dogs). Antibiotics were given to the dogs in
      the experimental group both before and after clamping, increasing the over-all
      survival rate to more than 80 per cent (46 dogs). Aggressive fluid replacement
      and antibiotic coverage may lengthen the so-called golden period in which
      intestinal ischemia may be reversed by revascularization.

PMID- 3400028
TI  - The dumping syndrome after pancreatoduodenectomy.
AB  - Some patients have postoperative nutritional problems after a
      pancreatoduodenectomy. These problems have been attributed without objective
      evidence to the partial gastrectomy that is performed at the time of the
      pancreatoduodenectomy. The dumping syndrome has been implicated, and the results
      of this study determine, for the first time, the role of the dumping syndrome in
      pancreatic surgical procedures. Sixty-four dumping provocation tests have been
      performed upon patients with pancreatic disease or after pancreatic surgical
      treatment. Three patients had the dumping syndrome, and in eight, the result of
      the test was equivocal. Results of the present study demonstrate an incidence of
      dumping syndrome after pancreatoduodenectomy of 10 per cent; however, in none of
      these patients, was the dumping syndrome a significant problem. There was no
      instance of the dumping syndrome after pylorus-preserving or duodenum-preserving
      pancreatectomy. It is concluded that, contrary to previous assumptions, the
      dumping syndrome does not contribute to long term postoperative problems after
      pancreatic surgical procedures.

PMID- 3400029
TI  - Repair of inguinal hernia in the adult with Prolene mesh.
AB  - Three surgeons in the private practice of general surgery began to use Prolene
      (polypropylene) mesh in the treatment of all adult inguinal hernias in 1978. The
      reason for using this technique was to perform a truly tension-free repair to
      reduce the recurrence rate and produce less pain and disability postoperatively.
      The rational for using Prolene as the mesh material is discussed in relation with
      the other materials available. The technique is outlined in detail along with
      precautions to decrease the already low recurrence rate documented in this
      series. From 1978 through 1985, 745 repairs were analysed. The complication and
      recurrence rates were minimal, and the follow-up rate was 87 per cent. A plea is
      made not to report recurrence rates without follow-up rates. This technique is
      simple and effective and should be seriously considered in the treatment of
      hernias occurring in adults.

PMID- 3400030
TI  - Radiation-associated lesions of the chest wall.
AB  - A ten year review of 31 patients with chest wall complications associated with
      radiation therapy is presented. Carcinoma of the breast accounted for 23
      instances, postradiation sarcomas for five and other complications for three.
      Twenty patients had radionecrotic ulcerations, nine of which were found to
      contain recurrent malignant disease. This finding significantly and unfavorably
      influenced survival in comparison with those whose ulcer was free of tumor (p
      less than or equal to 0.0001). Of 27 surgically treated patients, the regimen
      which correlated with the fewest complications included extensive removal of all
      poor quality tissue, avoidance of prosthetic materials and bone grafts and
      immediate reconstruction with well vascularized muscle or omental flaps.

PMID- 3400031
TI  - Ovarian residual syndrome.
AB  - During the years 1979 to 1983, 329 patients underwent hysterectomy with
      preservation of one or both ovaries. Six patients were evaluated for
      postoperative chronic lower abdominal pain and dyspareunia. Findings at
      laparotomy confirmed the diagnosis of residual ovarian syndrome in all six.
      Relief of symptoms was observed after adnexectomy in four, oophorectomy in one
      patient and ovariopexy in one. The literature concerning this rare complication
      after hysterectomy is briefly reviewed.

PMID- 3400032
TI  - Comparison of totally implanted reservoirs with external catheters as venous
      access devices in pediatric oncologic patients.
AB  - Long term venous access devices have become an important part of the standard
      care for children with malignant diseases requiring chemotherapy. A prospective
      nonrandomized study was conducted between January 1985 and January 1987 examining
      complications, child and parental acceptance and costs between totally
      implantable venous access devices (ports) and externally exiting catheters. Fifty
      ports were placed in 49 patients who had a median age of ten years; median
      implant time was 350 days. Forty-one catheters were placed in 39 patients who had
      a median age of eight years; median implant time was 365 days. Both devices
      provided equivalent venous access. Although catheters were initially less
      expensive, the cost for both devices was comparable by the six month point.
      Beyond this time, an increasing savings was realized when the port was used.
      Catheter device complications occurred 14 times compared with seven with ports (p
      less than 0.02). There were 15 infectious complications with catheters compared
      with seven with ports (p less than 0.01). Child and parental acceptance
      questionnaires indicated that the ports were easier to care for and more readily
      accepted in children older than 11 years than were catheters (p less than 0.001).
      Totally implanted reservoirs are effective alternatives to external catheters for
      venous access in children with cancer.

PMID- 3400034
TI  - Treatment of acid burns of the stomach in children by pedicle pyloroplasty.

PMID- 3400033
TI  - Exploration of the common bile duct through the cystic duct.
AB  - Formal exploration of the common bile duct through choledochotomy is a standard
      surgical technique; however, the prevalence of postoperative morbidity and
      mortality from intraoperative extraction of stones and debris of the common duct
      remains significant. From 1982 to present, we performed 25 explorations of the
      common bile duct entirely through the cystic duct in patients in whom duct size
      was large enough to permit passage of instrumentation greater than 6.5
      millimeters in diameter. All instrumentation, including biliary Fogarty balloon
      tipped catheterization and fiberoptic choledochoscopy, was used through the
      cystic duct without difficulty. No complications of bile leakage or stricture
      formation were encountered, and all patients are doing well at five and one-half
      years after surgical treatment without known retained stones. The early community
      hospital experience of this report supports the view that exploration of the
      common bile duct through a suitably sized cystic duct is a safe, efficient and
      effective alternative to choledochotomy for exposure of the common bile duct.

PMID- 3400035
TI  - Replacement of the carotid artery using nonreversed saphenous vein.
AB  - Carotid artery replacement has been performed with a nonreversed saphenous vein
      in one patient who had carotid artery resection in association with resection of
      a squamous carcinoma at the carotid bifurcation. An excellent result was
      obtained. The technical aspects of this procedure are described herein.

PMID- 3400036
TI  - A new device to facilitate intestinal pull-through procedures.
AB  - The difficulty in passing segments of the intestine from the abdominal cavity to
      the desired location during pull-through procedures has been facilitated
      considerably by the use of a new device called the enterotractor. This hollow
      tubular stainless steel instrument allows the surgeon to fit and tie the
      intestine over a movable olive shaped head which can be retracted by releasing a
      locking mechanism at which point the intestine can then be pulled through safely.
      No complications have been encountered using this tool in the 63 patients
      intervened since 1982 and the operating time has been shortened creating an
      adequate size tunnel for the pull-through procedure. Excellent traction of the
      intestinal segment is provided, and the use of pursestring sutures and clamps is
      avoided. In addition, the simplified technique prevented leakage of the
      anastomosed contents of the intestine, therefore, minimizing contamination.

PMID- 3400037
TI  - A safe and simple method of intraoperative placement of percutaneous transhepatic
      biliary catheters.

PMID- 3400038
TI  - Hepaticojejunostomy using a mucosal graft in the treatment of carcinoma of the
      hepatic duct.
AB  - In eight patients who had resectable tumor of the common hepatic duct, the
      nonsuture mucosal graft operation was applied. One patient died of sepsis during
      the postoperative period. Patency of the new stoma proved to be within normal
      limits in all seven patients as long as they survived from the disease. The mean
      survival rate was 591 days.

PMID- 3400039
TI  - A combined retroauricular and preauricular transpetrosal-transtentorial approach
      to clivus meningiomas.
AB  - A combined retroauricular and preauricular transpetrosal-transtentorial approach
      is described for the resection of meningiomas arising from the clivus. Via
      radical mastoidectomy the sigmoid sinus is exposed down to the jugular bulb, and
      via the transmastoideal-subtemporal approach the retroauricular petrosal bone, 1
      cm in depth from the petrosal ridge, and the roof of the internal auditory meatus
      are removed, the middle ear and fallopian canal being left intact. Additionally,
      via a transzygomatic-subtemporal approach the preauricular petrosal bone is
      removed anteriorly up to the petrosal tip and laterally as far as the petrosal
      portion of the internal carotid artery, while the cochlea is preserved. By this
      means, the triangular portion of the posterior petrosal dura mater, delimited by
      the superior petrosal sinus, inferior petrosal sinus, and sigmoid sinus, is well
      exposed extradurally. By opening the subtemporal and posterior petrosal dura
      mater, in combination with a tentoriotomy, adequate exposure of the basilar
      artery, vertebral arteries, ventral and lateral portions of the brainstem, and
      cranial nerves is achieved with minimal retraction of the temporal lobe and
      cerebellum.

PMID- 3400040
TI  - Spinal epidural hematoma associated with Paget's disease.
AB  - Although increased skeletal blood flow in the bone involved by Paget's disease is
      well described, spinal hemorrhage in association with that disease has not
      previously been reported. We report a patient with Paget's disease of bone who
      developed a subacute epidural hematoma of the lumbar spine.

PMID- 3400041
TI  - Removal of a large asymptomatic calcified chronic subdural hematoma.
AB  - An asymptomatic case of a large calcified chronic subdural hematoma was examined.
      The calcified mass was nearly totally removed at operation using a high-speed air
      drill. Immediately after the operation signs of brain compression seen in
      computed tomography scanning were somewhat relieved. However, at follow-up after
      3 months, the shift was resumed and the calcification reappeared 10 months after
      the operation.

PMID- 3400042
TI  - Spontaneous regression of primary malignant intracranial lymphoma.
AB  - A rare case of intracranial multiple tumor, which disappeared spontaneously on
      serial cranial computed tomography (CT) scans, is described. The initial CT scan
      showed multiple, well-enhanced lesions in the right frontal and parietal lobes.
      The lesions disappeared spontaneously without any treatment during the 2
      following months of observation. One month later, however, a newly formed tumor
      was found on serial CT-scanning. Surgical intervention confirmed the histologic
      diagnosis of a non-Hodgkin's, large, and diffuse-type malignant lymphoma. The
      possible mechanism of temporal disappearance of tumors on CT scanning is
      discussed.

PMID- 3400044
TI  - Intraoperative recording of the killed end potential.

PMID- 3400043
TI  - Calcification of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt tube. Case report.
AB  - A 16-year-old boy who had undergone a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt because of
      hydrocephalus at 8 years of age complained of pain around the right neck and
      chest. He concomitantly had a slight fever of unknown etiology, which had been
      lasting for several years. Skull and chest roentgenograms revealed an unusual
      calcified shadow around the shunt tube. After removal of the shunt apparatus, his
      pain and fever disappeared. Silicone tubes used in a VP shunt apparatus may
      induce fibrous connective tissue proliferation around the tubes in both children
      and adults, but no reports of radiologically verified calcification of a VP shunt
      tube are found in the literature, to the best of our knowledge. The possible
      mechanism of calcification of the VP shunt tube is discussed.

PMID- 3400045
TI  - Effects of a new Ca2+ antagonist, KB-2796, on the regional cerebral blood flow
      and somatosensory evoked potentials in the ischemic brain in cats.
AB  - Effects of a new Ca2+ antagonist, 1-[bis(4-fluorophenyl) methyl]-4-(2,3,4
      trimethoxybenzyl) piperazine dihydrochloride (KB-2796), on the regional cerebral
      blood flow (rCBF) and somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) were investigated
      using a model of focal cerebral ischemia in cats. In experiment 1, an occlusion
      of the middle cerebral artery for 4 hours persistently reduced the ipsilateral
      rCBF in both the control and the KB-2796-treated groups. However, the flow
      reduction was much milder in the treatment group than in the control group.
      Amplitudes of the SEPs diminished in both groups but the rate of deterioration
      was much slower in the treatment group than in the control group. In experiment
      2, an occlusion of the middle cerebral artery for 1 hour was followed by
      reperfusion for 3 hours. The ipsilateral rCBF decreased during occlusion in both
      the control and the treatment groups. In the control group, postischemic
      hyperperfusion was seen in the ectosylvian gyrus after reperfusion, whereas the
      ipsilateral rCBF recovered rapidly to the control values without showing a phase
      of hyperperfusion in the treatment group. The rate of recovery of the SEPs was
      also much more rapid in the treatment group.

PMID- 3400046
TI  - [Results of whole lung irradiation and chemotherapy in comparison with partial
      lung irradiation in metastasizing, undifferentiated soft tissue sarcomas].
AB  - The poor prognosis of patients with unresectable pulmonary metastases of soft
      tissue sarcoma is well known. In order to evaluate the beneficial effect of
      radiotherapy, we have treated 44 patients with pulmonary metastases of grade 3
      soft tissue sarcoma from 1980 to 1986. In 36 patients the treatment volume was
      restricted to the single metastases up to a dose of 50 to 60 (9 to 10 Gy/week).
      The survival rate at one year was 18% and at two years 6%. Eight patients were
      treated with a combined regimen, consisting of cisplatin and ifosfamide with
      simultaneous whole lung irradiation. Irradiation was performed with 8 or 16 MV
      photons at a hyperfractionation of 2 x 0.8 Gy/day (8 Gy/week). After a dose of 12
      Gy, the single metastases were boosted up to 50 to 60 Gy, with a second course of
      chemotherapy. In six of eight patients complete remissions were achieved, one
      patient showed a partial remission. The survival rate at 27 months was 50%. The
      patients with partial remission died from pulmonary progression at 23 months. One
      patient died after twelve months from a loco-regional recurrence in the tonsillar
      fossa without evidence of pulmonary disease. Side effects included alopecia and
      moderate bone marrow suppression approximately twelve days after each
      chemotherapy cycle. Pulmonary fibrosis was observed only at the high dose volume
      without impairment of respiratory function. From these observations the
      conclusion is drawn that whole lung irradiation simultaneously with cisplatin and
      ifosfamide chemotherapy provides good palliative results without relevant
      morbidity in patients with high grade unresectable pulmonary metastases of soft
      tissue sarcomas.

PMID- 3400047
TI  - [A ventral mantle technic with dorsolateral mediastinal saturation in the
      radiotherapy of Hodgkin's disease].
AB  - Between 1975 and 1981 69 patients suffering from Hodgkin's disease stage I to III
      were treated by radiotherapy exclusively. In contrast to the standard modalities
      the mantle was treated only through a ventral portal with dorsolateral boost to
      the posterior mediastinum. The geometrical treatment arrangement and the
      modalities of dose application yielded favourable dose distributions and single
      doses within the target volume. The analysis of failures showed no in field
      failure, six marginal recurrences, and 17 distant failures, which are not related
      to the technique of irradiation. The described technique of mantle irradiation
      seems to be equivalent to the standard technique with regard to tumor control and
      side effects.

PMID- 3400048
TI  - [Radiotherapy of locally recurring colorectal tumors. Prognostic factors, follow
      up diagnosis and results].
AB  - From 1979 through April, 1985, 74 patients were treated by percutaneous
      irradiation for local recurrences of colorectal carcinomas. The treatment
      consisted of a contralateral irradiation up to a dose of 40 Gy and a small-volume
      boost up to 60 to 66 Gy. In case of progressive remote metastases, the treatment
      was finished at 50 Gy. 53 patients received a dose of 50 Gy or more and were
      followed for at least six months. The decisive prognostic parameter was the
      presence of remote metastases when the recurrence appeared (n = 32). The median
      survival was six months, in patients without remote metastases at this moment it
      was 15 months. A complete or considerable relief of pain was obtained in 78%; it
      continued for a median period of 8.5 months, although most of the patients showed
      a new local tumor progression after an interval of three to 26 months. Computed
      tomography showed only small regressions or, in most cases, unchanged volumes of
      the tumors.

PMID- 3400049
TI  - [Dealing with cancer--conversations with radiotherapy patients].
AB  - Thirty in-patients treated by radiotherapy were questioned in qualitative
      interviews about the information they had received from the physicians and their
      way to deal with the disease and the physicians. Furthermore 18 persons out of
      this group were accompanied continuously. The confidential relationships between
      the patients and the author of the study brought about spontaneous conversations
      showing some new aspects of the way to experience disease and therapy. Despite a
      poor prognosis and an initially insufficient information, the patients formulated
      their questions openly. Generally they desired a clearer communication. They
      criticized above all the lack of information and attention from the physicians. A
      need for confidence, frankness, and the conveyance of a justified hope was
      expressed. The physician's stress and resulting lack of time was complained of.
      During the time of accompanying which lasted several weeks, it became evident
      that information means a way to deal with the disease to which the patient can
      make his individual contribution. The majority of questions as well as emotional
      reactions as fear or depression came from those patients who seemed to be quiet
      persons.

PMID- 3400050
TI  - Physical model for photon beams used on the General Electric Target radiotherapy
      treatment planning system.
AB  - The tabulated measured data model for external photon beam planning used on the
      General Electric Target system is very powerful, allowing fast and accurate
      calculations and is extended to incorporate complex planning techniques. This
      approach is ideally suited for the incorporation of correction factors, defined
      at any point as the ratio of the dose in an inhomogeneous phantom to the dose in
      a homogeneous phantom. The correction factor can be determined using techniques
      such as a generalized Batho power law or the equivalent tissue air ratio method,
      and the dose in an homogeneous phantom is taken from the measured data tables.
      The use of tabulated data gives the benefits of very fast calculation times and,
      when required, the accuracy of sophisticated scatter corrections. The basic model
      and methods of correcting for inhomogeneities are described. The extension of the
      two-dimensional model to a three-dimensional model for non-coplanar treatment
      planning retains the basic principles of the 2D model.

PMID- 3400052
TI  - Report on the Sixth Symposium on Neutron Dosimetry. Neuherberg/FRG, October 12
      16, 1987. Abstracts.

PMID- 3400051
TI  - Augmentation by L-dopa of growth inhibition and melanin formation of X-irradiated
      Harding-Passey melanoma cells in culture.
AB  - Treatment of exponentially proliferating melanogenic Harding-Passey melanoma
      cells in monolayer culture (HPM-73 line) with a single dose of X-irradiation (up
      to 8 Gy) or continuously (for several weeks) with L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L
      Dopa) up to 5 X 10(-4) M resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of cell
      proliferation, but not in death of all cells. Actually, 8 Gy-irradiated or L-Dopa
      (2 X 10(-4) M)-treated cultures finally reached the cell number and cell density
      of controls. However, a combination of a single dose of radiation (8 Gy) followed
      by L-Dopa (2 X 10(-4) M)-treatment resulted in destruction of all cells. Melanin
      formation was stimulated by L-dopa-treatment or X-irradiation, and was further
      elevated by the combined application of radiation and L-Dopa-exposure. Whether
      the effects of exogenously applied L-Dopa, an intermediary metabolite of melanin
      synthesis, are due to the conversion to growth-inhibitory metabolites (quinones,
      radicals, etc.) inside or outside the cell, was discussed. The latter might
      result from release (due to membrane damage or cell disintegration) of tyrosinase
      or/and melanosomes into the culture medium with the consequence of extracellular
      synthesis of potentially cytotoxic metabolites from medium substrates. Further,
      endocytosis of exogenous melanosomes and tyrosinase with potentially harmful
      effects is feasible. An application of such a combination therapy of melanoma to
      clinical medicine should be considered.

PMID- 3400053
TI  - Presidential address: rededication.

PMID- 3400054
TI  - Mast cell infiltration: a possible mechanism for vein graft vasospasm.
AB  - Mast cell infiltration of the arterial wall has been demonstrated in
      atherosclerotic vessels and implicated in coronary artery spasm. Spasm of vein
      bypass grafts has also been reported. In this study we performed vein bypass
      grafting of the carotid arteries in rabbits and examined the grafts for the
      presence of mast cells. We also determined vein graft vasoreactivity to
      histamine, to assess whether mediators of mast cells may have a functional role
      in vivo. In the control veins no mast cells were identified in 80 high-power
      fields (400X). In the vein bypass grafts an average of 2.6 +/- 0.8 (p = 0.01)
      mast cells were identified in the same number of high-power fields. Isometric
      tension studies of control vein and vein bypass grafts treated with histamine
      resulted in sigmoid dose-response curves. The ED50 for control vein was 4.69 +/-
      0.63 X 10(-5) mol/L. Compared with control vein, the vein bypass grafts showed a
      rightward shift in the dose-response curve to histamine (ED50 11.6 +/- 1.7 X 10(
      5) mol/L, p = 0.01). The histaminergic response in both vessels was blocked by
      the H1 receptor antagonist pyrilamine (10(-7) mol/L) and was not altered by the
      H2 receptor antagonist cimetidine (10(-5) mol/L). The decreased sensitivity of
      vein bypass grafts to histamine suggests receptor down-regulation and is possibly
      the result of increased histamine in the vein bypass grafts. The presence of mast
      cells and histamine receptors, as well as altered histamine sensitivity, in vein
      bypass grafts suggests that infiltration by these cells may contribute to vein
      bypass graft vasospasm.

PMID- 3400056
TI  - The effect of leukocyte depletion on smoke inhalation injury in sheep.
AB  - Leukocytes and the production of oxygen radicals and proteolytic enzymes have
      been implicated in the pathogenesis of lung injury after smoke inhalation. We
      investigated the mechanism responsible for this form of pulmonary damage in
      chronically prepared sheep previously made leukopenic with intra-arterial
      infusions of nitrogen mustard (mechlorethamine hydrochloride). A control air
      insufflated group (sham: n = 6), a cotton smoke insufflated group (smoke: n =
      12), and a leukopenic cotton smoke insufflation group (smoked + depleted: n = 6)
      were compared. Although both smoke insufflation groups had equivalent smoke
      exposure, which was indexed by carboxyhemoglobin, the smoked + depleted group had
      significant attenuation in the increases in pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary
      vascular resistance, and pulmonary lymph flow. The PaO2 to FiO2 ratio (P:F) did
      not fall to the same extent, nor was there a fall in PaO2. The production of
      oxygen radicals, which was measured as plasma-conjugated dienes, and the
      consumption of antiprotease, as measured by alpha 2-macroglobulin levels in lung
      lymph, were not changed in the smoked + depleted group, whereas it was elevated
      in the smoked group. We conclude that circulating leukocytes and the release of
      oxygen radicals and proteolytic enzymes contribute to the lung injury, pulmonary
      microvascular permeability increase, and pulmonary edema seen after smoke
      inhalation.

PMID- 3400055
TI  - Hemorrhagic shock-induced bacterial translocation is reduced by xanthine oxidase
      inhibition or inactivation.
AB  - Experiments were performed to determine whether bacterial translocation (BT)
      after hemorrhagic shock is due to a reperfusion injury mediated by xanthine
      oxidase-derived oxidants. Rats were subjected to 30 minutes of shock (30 mm Hg)
      followed by reinfusion of shed blood. Twenty-four hours after hemorrhage and
      reinfusion, the mesenteric lymph node, liver, and spleen were harvested from each
      animal for bacterial culture, and the ileum and cecum were examined
      histologically. Sham-shocked (control) rats were instrumented, but blood was not
      withdrawn. The incidence of BT was higher in the shocked rats (61%) than in the
      sham-shocked animals (7%) (p less than 0.01). Allopurinol (50 mg/kg, administered
      orally), a competitive inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, reduced the incidence of
      shock-induced BT to 14% (p = 0.02). Similarly, rats fed a tungsten-supplemented
      molybdenum-free diet, which inactivates xanthine oxidase, reduced shock-induced
      BT to 10% (p = 0.02). The histologic damage cause by hemorrhagic shock was
      prevented by blocking xanthine oxidase activity. Thus hemorrhagic shock-induced
      bacterial translocation from the gut appears to be mediated by oxidants generated
      by activation of the xanthine oxidase system.

PMID- 3400057
TI  - Somatosensory evoked potentials and spinal cord perfusion pressure are
      significant predictors of postoperative neurologic dysfunction.
AB  - Paraplegia after thoracoabdominal aneurysm repair can occur in 3% to 40% of
      patients. This study investigated the efficacy of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
      drainage to protect the spinal cord during aortic cross-clamping (AXC) and the
      interrelationship between drainage, spinal cord perfusion pressure (SCPP), and
      changes in somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) in a canine model of spinal cord
      ischemia. SCPP was defined as the mean distal aortic pressure minus the CSF
      pressure. In the experimental group, CSF was drained before AXC. SEP changes were
      quantitated as time to latency increase of 10% (L-10) and time to complete SEP
      loss. Drainage of CSF had no significant effect on the distal aortic pressure but
      significantly increased SCPP from 9.4 to 21.8 mm Hg and decreased the incidence
      of postoperative neurologic injury. Ischemic SEP changes were highly significant
      predictors of postoperative neurologic injury, occurring more than two times
      earlier in the paralyzed and paraparetic animals. Dogs without neurologic injury
      had significantly higher SCPP, delayed L-10 time, and delayed SEP loss.

PMID- 3400058
TI  - Renal vascular reactivity in the bile duct-ligated rat.
AB  - The renal dysfunction associated with liver disease appears to be caused by
      decreased renal perfusion. Altered renal vascular reactivity (RVR) may contribute
      to the development of decreased renal blood flow. This study was undertaken to
      assess the effect of bile duct ligation (BDL) on RVR to norepinephrine and
      angiotensin II in the rat and to evaluate the role of prostaglandins in the
      modulation of altered RVR. Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent either sham
      operation (SO) or BDL. Four days later, isolated kidney perfusions were
      established. Dose-response curves to norepinephrine (SO, n = 9; BDL, n = 10) and
      angiotensin II (SO, n = 7; BDL, n = 9) were obtained. The perfusate was modified
      to contain indomethacin, 10(-6) mol/L, and dose-response curves to norepinephrine
      (SO, n = 10; BDL, n = 8) and angiotensin II (SO, n = 4; BDL, n = 8) were obtained
      as well. Baseline resistances did not differ between any of the groups. RVR to
      norepinephrine did not appear to be altered by BDL; however, increased RVR to
      norepinephrine was unmasked by inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. BDL did not
      affect the RVR to angiotensin II with or without indomethacin. BDL is associated
      with an increase in renal vascular sensitivity to norepinephrine, which is
      balanced by a compensatory increase in renal prostaglandin activity in response
      to norepinephrine stimulation. These findings are consistent with theories that
      decreased renal perfusion associated with liver disease may be mediated by
      catecholamines.

PMID- 3400060
TI  - Neutrophil CR3 induction by platelet supernatants is due to platelet-derived
      growth factor.
AB  - Recently, serum was shown to contain a factor that increased expression of the
      complement receptor CR3 on neutrophil membranes. This factor was localized to
      platelet granules and was released during coagulation. This study was undertaken
      to identify this factor in platelet granules. Platelet supernatants containing
      granule contents were incubated with neutrophils, and CR3 expression was
      determined by flow cytometry. Incubation with platelet supernatants induced more
      than a twofold increase in the amount of CR3 expressed on the neutrophil membrane
      (p = 0.05). Anti-platelet-derived growth factor (anti-PDGF) Fab, when
      preincubated with the platelet supernatants, completely inhibited this CR3
      inducing activity. Pure PDGF induced a dose-response increase in CR3, whereas
      platelet factor 4 had no effect. PDGF was active in concentrations well within
      the physiologic range. These data indicate that PDGF is responsible for the CR3
      inducing activity of platelet supernatants. PDGF may well be an important
      regulator of neutrophil adherence and phagocytic function in areas of tissue
      injury.

PMID- 3400059
TI  - The contribution of hypoxia to postischemic renal dysfunction.
AB  - Renal ischemia is a multifactorial insult consisting of both hypoxia and
      stagnation of blood flow. This study compared the renal response with hypoxia
      alone versus ischemia (hypoxia and stagnation of flow). Isolated rat kidneys were
      perfused at 90 to 110 mm Hg and 37 degrees C with an asanguinous modified Krebs'
      buffer. Perfusate flow rate, vascular resistance, urine flow rate, glomerular
      filtration rate (GFR), percent sodium reabsorption, and oxygen consumption were
      measured. Five groups were examined: 10-minute hypoxia (HYP10), 30-minute hypoxia
      (HYP30), 10-minute ischemia (ISC10), 30-minute ischemia (ISC30), and time-matched
      controls. HYP10 resulted in isolated tubular dysfunction, as evidenced by an
      increase in urine flow rate and a decrease in percent sodium reabsorption. ISC10
      caused decreased GFR, oliguria, and more severe tubular dysfunction. The pattern
      of glomerular and tubular dysfunction after HYP30 was similar to that after
      ISC30. Glomerular dysfunction was associated with a decrease in perfusate flow
      rate and an increase in vascular resistance only after ISC30. This suggests that
      the decrease in GFR seen with postischemic renal dysfunction is not a primary
      result of decreased flow. Furthermore, hypoxia does not account for the entire
      reduction in renal function after ischemia of similar duration. The more severe
      dysfunction after ischemia may be a consequence of the stagnation of renal flow
      (anaerobic waste product accumulation and inadequate nutrient supply).

PMID- 3400061
TI  - Operative mortality in patients undergoing single valve replacement in teaching
      institutions--early mortality as a function of resident versus staff surgeon.
AB  - Nine hundred sixty-four patients undergoing single valve replacement (SVR)
      procedures alone or in combination with other cardiac surgical procedures were
      analyzed prospectively to determine whether the risks of operative mortality (OM)
      are different when the operation is performed by a resident under direct
      supervision of an attending surgeon (group I, 49.5%) or by an attending surgeon
      (group II, 50.5%). The overall OM rate was 8.4% (7.2% for group I and 9.7% for
      group II, which was not significant). Fifty-eight clinical, angiographic, and
      hemodynamic variables were analyzed to adjust statistically for differences in
      patient characteristics in each group. For aortic valve replacement, group II
      patients had smaller valve area and a higher incidence of three-vessel coronary
      artery disease, and more patients required resection of an ascending aortic
      aneurysm, whereas group I patients had higher incidence of peripheral edema and
      S3 gallop. For mitral valve replacement, more patients in group II had pleural
      effusion, previous cardiac operations, higher mean pulmonary artery pressures,
      mitral insufficiency due to coronary artery disease, and were in New York Heart
      Association (NYHA) functional class 3 and 4, whereas the group I patients had
      higher incidence of S3 gallop and elevated serum creatinine. Expected OM for each
      group was derived from a multivariate logistic model. Ratio of observed-to
      expected (O/E) OM was calculated to adjust observed OM according to the risk of
      patients. There was no difference in O/E mortality ratio between the two groups.
      We conclude that OM probability is not increased when the SVR procedure is
      performed by residents under direct supervision of attending surgeons when
      adjusted for patient- and disease-related risk factors. These findings also
      constitute compelling evidence that patient care does not suffer when resident
      teaching experience is enhanced in teaching institutions.

PMID- 3400062
TI  - The effects of acute sleep deprivation during residency training.
AB  - Verbal and symbol concentration, learning, problem solving, clear thinking,
      manual skills, and memory were tested in 42 surgical residents to assess the
      effects of acute sleep deprivation on specific neuropsychological parameters. A
      series of eight neuropsychological tests--digit symbols, digit vigilance, story
      memory, trail making, PASAT, Raven matrices, delayed story, and pegboard--and a
      questionnaire on mood states were completed by the residents both when fatigued
      (less than 4 hours of sleep: mean, 2.0 +/- 1.5 hours) and when rested (more than
      4 hours of sleep: mean, 6.5 +/- 1.0 hours), with at least 7 days between tests.
      In order to eliminate the effects of learning from the first test series,
      randomization of residents was performed so that one half were first evaluated
      when rested and one half when fatigued. ANOVA, multiple regression analysis, and
      the Student t test were used to assess differences. In the acute sleep-deprived
      state, residents were less vigorous and more fatigued, depressed, tense,
      confused, and angry (p less than 0.05) than they were in rested state. Despite
      these changes in mood, however, the responses on all of the functional tests were
      no different statistically in those who were rested and those who were fatigued
      (even in those with less than 2 hours' sleep). We conclude that acute sleep
      deprivation of less than 4 hours alters mood state but does not change
      performance in test situations in which concentration, clear thinking, and
      problem solving are important.

PMID- 3400064
TI  - Graded effect of protein on regional myoelectric activity of the opossum
      sphincter of Oddi.
AB  - Although it is known that the sphincter of Oddi exhibits a myoelectric response
      to intraluminal nutrients, the effect of specific dietary components has not been
      well characterized. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of
      intragastric instillation of a protein meal on regional myoelectric activity of
      the opossum sphincter of Oddi. Seven adult opossums were chronically prepared
      with self-retaining bipolar electrodes secured to the proximal and distal parts
      of the sphincter. After a 2-week recovery period, and with the animals fasted and
      conscious, myoelectric activity was recorded for two cycles of the migrating
      myoelectric complex. The animals then received graded calories of protein through
      an orogastric tube and recordings were continued until return of the fasted
      cyclic activity. Doses of 60, 120, and 240 kcal of protein elicited increases in
      myoelectric spike activity of the proximal sphincter of 18.7%, 41.9%, and 66.6%,
      respectively. Similarly, the length of the fed state was prolonged by increasing
      caloric loads, with mean (plus or minus standard error of the mean) times of 266
      +/- 25, 292 +/- 15, and 375 +/- 42 minutes for each dose. A similar relationship
      was noted in the distal part of the sphincter. Regression analysis between the
      proximal and distal parts of the sphincter during the fasted and fed states
      showed a strong and persistent correlation of gradient of spikeburst frequency.
      We conclude that myoelectric spike frequency of the opossum sphincter of Oddi
      exhibits a dose-related response to intragastric protein calories. Furthermore,
      the proximal and distal parts of the sphincter remain electrically coupled, with
      the proximal region pacing the distal region during the fasted state and after
      protein administration.

PMID- 3400063
TI  - Effects of exogenous motilin and morphine on interdigestive gastrointestinal
      motor activity after total duodenectomy in dogs.
AB  - Our aim was to determine the role of endogenous motilin in initiation of motor
      patterns of the upper gut. We studied the motor response to intravenous motilin
      and morphine in six dogs after total duodenectomy and in six normal dogs. Motilin
      (0.1 micrograms/kg) and morphine (200 micrograms/kg) induced large-amplitude
      gastric contractions after duodenectomy. The duration of gastric contractions
      after motilin (4.4 +/- 0.3 minutes; mean +/- SEM) was less than spontaneous or
      motilin-induced gastric phase III in controls (21 +/- 2 minutes and 11 +/- 2
      minutes, respectively; p less than 0.01), while the response to morphine (7.4 +/-
      3.7 minutes) was less than spontaneous (21 +/- 2 minutes; p less than 0.01) but
      similar to morphine-induced phase III in controls (7.7 +/- 0.9 minutes). After
      morphine, plasma motilin increased by 51 +/- 6 pg/ml, but the magnitude of
      increase was not correlated with the effectiveness of morphine in inducing
      gastric contractions. Both agents induced phase III-like activity in the jejunum.
      The durations of jejunal phase III activity after motilin (6.2 +/- 0.3 minutes)
      and morphine (6.4 +/- 0.3 minutes) were greater than spontaneous phase III after
      duodenectomy (4.8 +/- 0.4 minutes; p less than or equal to 0.05) and in controls
      (4.7 +/- 0.2 minutes; p less than 0.05). The latency of response to motilin in
      the stomach (0.2 +/- 0.1 minute) was less than in jejunum (8.9 +/- 0.6; p less
      than 0.05), but the latency after morphine was not different in stomach and
      jejunum (2.9 +/- 0.9 minutes and 2.8 +/- 0.8 minutes, respectively). These
      observations suggested that the duodenum, possibly by the release of endogenous
      motilin, may "recruit" and further augment the gastric response to initiation of
      the migrating motor complex. Also, the mechanism for initiation of the migrating
      motor complex in the stomach and in the jejunum may differ.

PMID- 3400065
TI  - Quantitation and fractionation of nutrient hepatic blood flow in normal persons,
      in persons with portal hypertensive cirrhosis, and after small-diameter
      portacaval H grafts.
AB  - Patients maintaining portal perfusion following small-diameter portacaval H
      grafts have better survival and lower portasystemic encephalopathy rates than
      those with reversed flow. To determine why this is so, we measured nutrient
      hepatic blood flow with the use of 99m-Tc-diisopropyl-IDA (DISIDA) clearance
      pharmacokinetics fractionated into its hepatic arterial and portal venous
      components. Patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension had significantly
      lower nutrient hepatic blood flow than normal persons; this was due almost
      entirely to reduced portal flow. In patients with prograde portal flow after
      small-diameter H grafts nutrient hepatic blood flows were nominally reduced from
      levels seen in patients with portal hypertensive cirrhosis. Postoperative
      patients with reversed portal flow had significantly less nutrient hepatic blood
      than those with prograde flow. There was no evidence of significant hepatic
      arterial compensation for lost portal flow. Of four hemodynamic variables--portal
      flow direction, portal flow, arterial flow, and nutrient hepatic blood flow--only
      nutrient hepatic blood flow showed an independent correlation with clinical
      outcome. Portal perfusion is a critical factor in maintenance of adequate
      nutrient hepatic blood flow, primarily because hepatic arterial flow does not
      compensate chronically for lost portal perfusion.

PMID- 3400067
TI  - The role of pH in altering serum ionized calcium concentration.
AB  - Although parathormone primarily determines normal ionized serum calcium
      concentration [Ca++] over the long term, it has little impact in the acute
      situation. Nonhormonal changes in [Ca++] have been related to acute changes in
      serum pH, but these have been believed small. With use of an experimental model
      of acute pancreatitis, we measured changes in [Ca++] and related them to changes
      in other serum constituents known to affect it. All 18 animals studied
      experienced a decrease in total serum calcium concentration [CaT]. Changes in
      [CaT] correlated only with changes in protein-bound calcium concentration [CaP]
      (r = 0.98, p less than or equal to 0.0005). They did not correlate independently
      with changes in albumin, globulin, or total protein concentration. [CaP] varied
      as a function of albumin, globulin, and phosphate concentration and pH according
      to the equation: [CaP] = 17.9 +/- 0.89 [albumin] = 0.68 [globulin] - 2.5 pH +
      0.12 [phosphate]. Calculated values for [CaP], when this equation was used,
      correlated strongly with observed values for [CaP] (r = 0.81, p less than or
      equal to 0.0005). Measured [Ca++] increased in the animals early during
      pancreatitis and then returned to baseline levels. A few animals experienced
      ionized hypocalcemia. [Ca++] correlated only with changes in pH (r = 0.87, p less
      than or equal to 0.02). The calculated response slope was delta [Ca++]/delta pH =
      -2.9. It is concluded that pH has a greater effect on [Ca++] than previously
      recognized. The major determinant of [CaT] during periods of rapid physiologic
      change appears to be [CaP] while that for [Ca++] is pH.

PMID- 3400066
TI  - Recombinant human erythropoietin and autologous blood donation.
AB  - Risks of transfusion are minimized with autologous blood. However, autologous
      donation programs require 2 to 5 weeks to yield only 2.2 units per patient.
      Recombinant human erythropoietin (r-HuEPO) has been shown to increase
      erythropoiesis. This study evaluated the effects of r-HuEPO on an aggressive
      autologous donation program. Twelve adult male baboons were randomized into two
      groups of six. All animals were studied three times per week for 5 weeks. A unit
      of blood was donated when on any study day the hematocrit was greater than 30%.
      Animals received intravenously either 750 units/kg of r-HuEPO (n = 6) or placebo
      (n = 6) on each study day. Iron dextran was given intravenously to replace 150%
      of shed iron. The r-HuEPO group had an earlier onset of reticulocytosis (2.7 vs
      5.5 days, p less than 0.01) and donated 35% more blood (13.5 vs 10.0 units, p =
      0.01) than the control group. No adverse reactions to r-HuEPO were observed. The
      data show that an aggressive autologous donation program can yield 10 units of
      blood over a 5-week period. Further, r-HuEPO increases that yield by an
      additional 35%. This aggressive autologous donation program with r-HuEPO may
      significantly reduce the need for homologous transfusion and its attendant risks.

PMID- 3400068
TI  - Diabetes enhances growth of pancreatic carcinoma cells.
AB  - Clinical studies suggest that carcinoma of the pancreas may be more common in
      patients with chronic diabetes mellitus. To examine the effect of diabetes on
      growth of pancreatic carcinoma, 5 X 10(5) cultured hamster H2T pancreatic
      carcinoma cells were implanted into the cheek pouches of streptozocin-diabetic
      and nondiabetic Syrian hamsters. Tumor size and weight and total tumor DNA
      content 22 days after implantation were significantly greater in animals with
      diabetes. Thus streptozocin diabetes appears to promote the growth of pancreatic
      carcinoma cells in the hamster.

PMID- 3400070
TI  - The mouse teratogen dinocap has lower A/D ratios and is not teratogenic in the
      rat and hamster.
AB  - The fungicide dinocap is currently used in the control of powdery mildew. We have
      reported that dinocap is teratogenic in the CD-1 mouse, causing cleft palate,
      otolith defects, and fetal weight deficits well below maternotoxic dose levels.
      In this study the maternal and fetal toxicity of dinocap was determined in the
      Sprague-Dawley rat and Syrian golden hamster, and adult-to-developmental (A/D)
      toxicity ratios were calculated and compared with the previously established A/D
      ratio of dinocap in the mouse. Dinocap in corn oil was administered by gavage to
      pregnant rats on gestation days 7-20 (0, 100, 150, 200 mg/kg/day) and to hamsters
      on gestation days 7-14 (0, 12.5, 25, 50, 75, 100, 200 mg/kg/day). Dams were
      killed on day 21 (rat) or day 15 (hamster), and litters were removed, counted,
      and weighed; half of each litter was necropsied for soft tissue defects, and the
      remaining half was processed for skeletal examination. In the rat, maternal
      extrauterine weight gain was significantly affected at 150 and 200 mg/kg/day,
      relative liver weight was elevated at 100 mg/kg/day and above, and fetal weight
      was lower at 150 and 200 mg/kg/day. In the hamster, maternal extrauterine weight
      was lower at 12.5 mg/kg/day and above; fetal weight was reduced, and the
      incidence of dilated renal pelvis was higher, at 25 mg/kg/day and above. Thus the
      A/D ratios for dinocap in the rat and hamster are similar, approximately
      1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3400069
TI  - Developmental toxicity evaluation of Bendectin in CD rats.
AB  - Bendectin, composed of doxylamine succinate and pyridoxine HCl (1:1), is an
      antinauseant previously prescribed for nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. The
      present study examined the maternal and developmental effects of Bendectin (0,
      200, 500, or 800 mg/kg/day, po) administered to timed-pregnant CD rats (36
      41/group) during organogenesis (gestational days [gd] 6-15). At death (gd 20),
      all live fetuses were examined for external, visceral, and skeletal
      abnormalities. At 500 and 800 mg/kg/day, maternal toxicity included reduced food
      consumption during treatment and for the gestation period, increased water
      consumption in the posttreatment period, reduced weight gain during treatment,
      and sedation; water consumption was reduced during treatment and for the
      gestation period, and maternal mortality (17.1%) was observed only at the high
      dose. Developmental toxicity included reduced prenatal viability (800 mg/kg/day)
      and reduced fetal body weight/litter (500 and 800 mg/kg/day). In addition,
      reduced ossification of metacarpals (800 mg/kg/day), phalanges of the forelimbs
      (500 and 800 mg/kg/day), and of caudal vertebral centra (all doses) was observed.
      No increase in percent malformed live fetuses/litter was observed. The proportion
      of litters with one or more malformed fetuses was higher than vehicle controls
      only at 800 mg/kg/day, with short 13th rib (to which the test species is
      predisposed) as the predominant observation. By contrast, a positive control
      agent (nitrofen, 50 mg/kg/day, po, 14 dams) produced 85% malformed fetuses/litter
      with the predominant malformation being diaphragmatic hernia. In conclusion, the
      incidence of litters with one or more malformed fetuses was increased only at a
      dose of Bendectin which produced maternal mortality (17.1%) and other indices of
      maternal and developmental toxicity (see Discussion).

PMID- 3400071
TI  - Physical anomalies and developmental delays in nonhuman primate infants exposed
      to weekly doses of ethanol during gestation.
AB  - Ethanol was orally administered once per week to 54 gravid pigtailed macaques
      (Macaca nemestrina) in doses of 0.0, 0.3, 0.6, 1.2, 1.8, 2.5 or 4.1 gm/kg from
      the 1st week in gestation or in doses of 2.5, 3.3, or 4.1 gm/kg from the 5th
      week. Mean maternal mean peak plasma ethanol concentrations (MPPEC) ranged from
      24 +/- 6 mg/dl at the 0.3 gm/kg dose to 549 +/- 71 mg/dl at the 4.1 gm/kg dose.
      Thirty-three viable infants were followed from birth to 6 months of age and
      assessed for growth, health, congenital anomalies and developmental rate. Facial
      anomalies, growth deficiency, or central nervous system dysfunction were found in
      57% of the alcohol-exposed animals. No animal showed all the features of the
      human fetal alcohol syndrome. Ten of the twelve animals (83%) with mean MPPEC
      above 140 mg/dl had evidence of a teratogenic impact. The animals with full
      gestational exposure to ethanol and mean MPPEC between 140 and 249 mg/dl had much
      more severe and consistent cognitive abnormalities than the animals with delayed
      gestational exposures, even though the latter were exposed to mean MPPEC between
      260 and 540 mg/dl. Conclusions from this study included: 1) ethanol-related
      behavioral teratogenesis occurred without accompanying physical anomalies, 2)
      measurable teratogenic effects from weekly exposures occurred only at
      intoxicating doses of ethanol, and 3) early gestational exposure to ethanol
      appeared to be more damaging to cognitive function than later and considerably
      greater alcohol exposure.

PMID- 3400072
TI  - Developmental variation of the diaphragm and liver in Fischer 344 rats.
AB  - The nature and frequency of a developmental variation of the diaphragm and liver
      in Fischer 344 rats are described. Totals of 20, 98 and 55 (25 for caesarean
      sectioning and 30 for natural delivery) mated female rats were used for
      Experiments 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Each rat was intubated (gavage) with
      either an aqueous suspension of 0.2% METHOCEL, 0.25% methyl cellulose, or
      distilled water as a single daily dose from days 6 through 15 (inclusive) of
      gestation. On the 20th day of gestation, a caesarean-section was performed, and
      the uterine contents of each rat were examined. A gross necropsy was performed on
      the pups of 30 mated female rats on day 21 postpartum. The visceral examinations
      conducted on these fetuses and pups included an evaluation of a developmental
      variation in the diaphragm and liver. The variation consisted of a thin fibrous
      central tendon of the diaphragm with an area of liver (0.5-3 mm diameter) that
      protruded within the thin central tendon of the diaphragm. The incidence (mean %
      of fetuses affected per litter) of the diaphragm/liver developmental variation
      was 9% and 11% for METHOCEL- and water-treated groups, respectively. A thin
      central tendon was present in the diaphragm of all fetuses of methyl cellulose
      treated dams; these fetuses did not have a raised area of the liver present
      within the diaphragm's central tendon. However, in a few weaned pups of the
      Fischer 344 rats in this study, liver protruded within the central tendon of the
      diaphragm.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3400073
TI  - Vertical development of the secondary palate in hamster embryos following
      exposure to 6-mercaptopurine.
AB  - Cellular aspects of vertical development of the secondary palate were examined in
      control and 6-mercaptopurine (6MP)-treated hamster embryos. Cross-sectional area
      of the palatal shelf was measured and the numbers of both epithelial and
      mesenchymal cells counted. Also, in 6MP-treated palates the damaged mesenchymal
      cells, characterized by the presence of dense bodies, were counted. DNA synthesis
      in both control and treated fetuses was measured by 3H-thymidine incorporation.
      The results indicated that both the shelf area and cell numbers increased with
      age in control and 6MP-treated palates. However, in controls the mesenchymal cell
      density and DNA synthesis showed two peaks that were absent following 6MP
      treatment. Unlike controls, in treated embryos the damage to mesenchymal cells
      became increasingly pronounced between days 10:00 and 10:12 but subsided by day
      11:00 of gestation. It is suggested that a major force in the development of the
      initial primordia and early vertical development of the palatal shelf may be
      provided by a spurt of DNA synthesis in the mesenchymal cells resulting in their
      increased number. After 6MP treatment, depression of DNA synthesis and consequent
      reduction in the mesenchymal cell number and density followed by cell damage lead
      to retardation in the vertical development of the palatal shelves.

PMID- 3400074
TI  - Prenatal death and malformations after irradiation of mouse zygotes with neutrons
      or X-rays.
AB  - Female mice (strain: "Heiligenberger Stamm") were irradiated with neutrons (7
      MeV) or X-rays when embryos were at the early zygote stage; uterine contents were
      examined on gestation day 19 for prenatal mortality and malformed fetuses. For
      both radiation qualities, the dose-dependent survival curve fitted well to a
      simple exponential equation; the neutron relative biological efficiency (RBE)
      value was 2.3. The major fraction of deaths induced by exposure to neutrons or X
      rays occurred before implantation. Aside from dead embryos, malformed fetuses
      were observed 19 days p.c. (postconception). The number of malformed fetuses
      increased with a linear-quadratic function of neutron or X-ray dose.
      Malformations were mainly gastroschisis, although omphaloceles and anencephalies
      were also observed. The neutron RBE value for the induction of malformations
      varied from 2.0 to 2.8 in the dose range tested. Except after 75-cGy neutrons, no
      significant increase in the proportion of stunted or skeletally malformed fetuses
      was noted. Our results indicated that the reaction of preimplantation embryos to
      irradiation could be more complex than the simple "all-or-none" response
      considered so far.

PMID- 3400075
TI  - Warnings and the hazards of drinking alcoholic beverages during pregnancy.

PMID- 3400076
TI  - Should alcoholic beverages have warning labels concerning their risks to the
      developing embryo and fetus?

PMID- 3400077
TI  - Platelet-activating factor binding and metabolism during human platelet
      aggregation.
AB  - Platelet-activating factor (PAF) binding and metabolism were quantified during
      human platelet aggregation induced by [3H]PAF. Platelet aggregation was maximal
      within 45 to 75 sec. PAF binding was maximal within 15 to 60 sec and then
      remained stable for at least 20 min. Total binding during aggregation elicited by
      1.2 pmol [3H]PAF was 13.4% +/- 1.0% (0.16 +/- 0.01 pmol/8 x 10(7) platelets)
      (mean +/- SEM) and specific, receptor binding was 4.3% +/- 0.3% (0.05 +/- 0.003
      pmol/8 x 10(7) platelets). Specific binding was fully reversible at the time of
      maximal aggregation. Scatchard analysis of PAF binding at the time of maximal
      platelet aggregation revealed 124 +/- 56 receptors per platelet with a
      dissociation constant of 0.56 +/- 0.04 nM. Binding of 52 +/- 23 PAF molecules per
      platelet elicited maximal platelet aggregation (mean +/- SD). Less than 2% of the
      bound PAF was metabolized at the time of maximal aggregation and the principal
      metabolite was the inactive product lysoPAF. Increased metabolism to alkyl-acyl
      glycero-3-phosphocholine was observed at later times. These studies indicate that
      PAF receptor internalization and PAF metabolism are not essential to human
      platelet activation by PAF.

PMID- 3400078
TI  - Correlation of the in vivo anticoagulant, antithrombotic, and antimetastatic
      efficacy of warfarin in the rat.
AB  - Fibrin formation has been hypothesized to be an element of the metastatic process
      in cancer, and pharmacological interference with such fibrin formation has been
      proposed as a means of antimetastatic therapy. We have tested this hypothesis
      through an in vivo study of warfarin in two independent rat disease models--a
      model of chemical-injury-induced arterial thrombosis, and a model of spontaneous
      metastasis. We found 0.50 mg/kg-day warfarin to be uniformly lethal after two
      weeks treatment. The chronic dose of 0.25 mg/kg-day was non-toxic and produced
      effective anticoagulation and marked antithrombotic and antimetastatic activity.
      The 0.125 mg/kg-day dose produced a reduction in factor IIc (50%) and factor VIIc
      (70%), and resulted in statistically significant antithrombotic and
      antimetastatic activity. The 0.0625 mg/kg-day dose failed to reduce the vitamin K
      dependent clotting factors, and failed to produce any antithrombotic or
      antimetastatic effects. The substantial correlation (very similar dose-response
      effects) among the anticoagulant, antithrombotic and antimetastatic efficacies of
      warfarin in the rat suggests that anticoagulation provides the pharmacological
      mechanism underlying both the antithrombotic and the antimetastatic effects. The
      poor therapeutic index we observed in the rat may be the attribute which limits
      the efficacy of warfarin in the treatment of human cancer.

PMID- 3400079
TI  - Acute effects of retinoids on fibrinolysis before and after venous occlusion in
      healthy humans.
AB  - The effects of acitretin and etretinate on the fibrinolytic system have been
      investigated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over study in twelve
      healthy volunteers. Euglobulin fibrinolytic activity, euglobulin clot lysis time,
      tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) activity and antigen concentration in
      plasma were measured before and after 10 min of venous occlusion (VO), three
      hours after ingestion of the compounds. The plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)
      activity was also measured in each session before fibrinolysis stimulation. None
      of the parameters studied was significantly affected by the two retinoids in
      comparison with placebo. Our study demonstrates that a single oral dose of 100 mg
      of etretinate or acitretin, investigated 3 hours after drug administration does
      not significantly influence the fibrinolytic system in vivo in humans. This
      observation does not exclude an effect of retinoids after prolonged intake.

PMID- 3400080
TI  - Interaction of abnormal antithrombin-III Toyama with cultured porcine aortic
      endothelial cells.
AB  - The abnormal Antithrombin-III (AT-III) Toyama has no ability to interact with
      heparin in the mast cells or heparin-like glycosaminoglycans on the surface of
      vascular endothelial cells, so that it has low heparin cofactor activity. In the
      present study, we have measured the binding capacity of 125I-labeled AT-III to
      cultured porcine aortic endothelial cells and estimated the inactivation of
      thrombin by AT-III in the presence of endothelial cells. The abnormal AT-III
      Toyama had low binding capacity to endothelial cells and had lower heparin
      cofactor antithrombin activity in the presence of endothelial cells than that of
      normal AT-III. Our results suggested that heparin-like glycosaminoglycans on
      endothelial cells play as important a role as heparin does in the regulation of
      antithrombin activity.

PMID- 3400081
TI  - A method for the determination of activated factor VII using bovine and rabbit
      brain thromboplastins: demonstration of increased levels in disseminated
      intravascular coagulation.
AB  - Factor VII levels as measured in one stage clotting assays are dependent on the
      degree of activation of factor VII and on the type of thromboplastin used. Bovine
      thromboplastin (BT) is known to be more sensitive to factor VIIa than human brain
      thromboplastin and the different sensitivities of these reagents to VIIa have
      formed the basis of a method for determining VIIa in plasma (16). Since human
      thromboplastin is no longer widely available, we have re-evaluated this method
      using bovine and two rabbit thromboplastins (Manchester Reagent, RT MR and Diagen
      activated, RT Diagen). Activated factor VII was generated in normal plasma by
      cold activation for 24 hours. During this period, factor VII assays using bovine
      thromboplastin increased markedly with time whereas the assays using rabbit
      thromboplastins showed considerably less change. The ratio of factor VII (bovine
      thromboplastin)/factor VII (rabbit thromboplastin) is a sensitive index of
      activated factor VII in plasma. The mean ratio in normal plasmas (using BT and RT
      MR) was found to be 1.02 (+/- s.d., range 0.80-1.24). The ratio was measured in
      29 samples from patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation (D.I.C.) and
      was found to be increased in 24 (mean 1.71, range 0.93-3.38).

PMID- 3400082
TI  - Biological effects of oxysterols on platelet function.
AB  - We have studied the in vitro exposure to various oxysterols on isolated rat
      platelets. The oxysterols (1-20 uM) were incubated either dissolved in methanol
      or as albumin-bound complexes. Aggregation (analyzed by turbidimetry) was
      measured after stimulation by thrombin or ADP. Serotonin secretion (analyzed by
      voltammetry) was measured after thombin stimulation. We found that platelet
      aggregation and serotonin secretion could be either not significantly affected
      (7B-hydroxy cholesterol) or potentiated (22S-hydroxy cholesterol, 3,5,6-hydroxy
      cholestan triol) or inhibited (25-hydroxy- and 7-oxo cholesterol), after in vitro
      incubation with different oxysterols. Our data indicate that a modulation of the
      platelet behavior occurs after in vitro incubation with different oxysterols,
      some derivatives acting as inhibitors and others as potentiators. These results
      provide new interesting information regarding the role of these sterols in cell
      membrane structure and function in relation to pathology.

PMID- 3400083
TI  - In vitro studies of secretion of platelet factor 4 and generation of
      fibrinopeptid A in native whole blood.

PMID- 3400084
TI  - Limited fibrinogenolysis in stored whole blood and in fresh frozen plasma.
AB  - Measurement of the F-CB3 related antigen of the fibrinogen alpha-chain shows a
      time dependent increase of fibrino(geno)lysis in whole blood during storage from
      70.7 +/- 16.4 pmol/ml (day 2) to 356.3 +/- 110 pmol/ml (day 39). Simultaneously
      PMN-elastase increases from 95 +/- 44 micrograms/l (day 2) to 3492 +/- 954
      micrograms/l (day 39). The significant correlation between PMN-elastase and F-CB3
      values (n = 180, r = 0.73, p less than 0.001) may reflect a relationship between
      the liberation of granulocyte enzymes and the extent of fibrino(geno)lysis. The
      isolation and separation of fibrinogen material on SDS-PAGE indicates a limited
      degradation of the parent fibrinogen molecule (340 kD). During storage the
      fraction of slightly degraded fibrinogen (300 kD) and pre-X fragment (280 kD)
      increases. The separation of the reduced fibrinogen material demonstrates that
      the limited fibrinogenolysis mainly took place in the A alpha-chain. Additional
      studies on fresh frozen plasma show that PMN-elastase values (98.6 +/- 41.8
      micrograms/l), F-CB3 values (84.8 +/- 31.2 pmol/ml) and the SDS-PAGE pattern of
      the fibrinogen material are similar to the results in whole blood stored for two
      days.

PMID- 3400085
TI  - The role of coagulation, fibrinogenolysis and fibrinolysis in the development of
      fluid and clotted cadaver plasma.
AB  - Parameters for coagulation, fibrinogenolysis and fibrinolysis were measured in
      order to understand the formation of fluid or clotted cadaver plasma. All values
      found were distinctly elevated without significant differences between fluid and
      clotted material. The electrophoretic banding pattern of the fibrinogen and
      fibrin material also proved extensive coagulation and fibrinolysis in all cases.
      In vitro experiments in which similar electrophoretic banding patterns were
      obtained suggested that the development of fluid cadaver plasma depends on the
      activation of fibrinolysis prior to complete coagulation, and is enhanced by
      persistence of circulation as well as a physiological pH (7.4). In correspondence
      to post mortal time only an increase in elastase values was found.

PMID- 3400087
TI  - Automated fluorogenic methods for the evaluation of the extrinsic coagulation
      reactions in human plasma.
AB  - Highly sensitive automated methods for the evaluation of the extrinsic
      coagulation reactions in human plasma were developed by the combination of
      fluorogenic peptide substrate (MCA) for thrombin and a centrifugal autoanalyzer
      (Cobas Bio). Prothrombin time (PT) was measured by the reaction time to reach 0.1
      relative fluorescence which was caused by the action of thrombin generated after
      the activation of 3 microliters plasma with human placental tissue factor
      (Thromborel S). Factors X and VII contents in plasma were measured by the same
      method after mixing diluted plasma with each factor deficient plasma, tissue
      factor, calcium and MCA in which 10-800% of each factor was quantitatively
      measured. Prothrombin content in plasma was quantitated by measuring thrombin
      activity after the activation with human activated Factor X in the presence of
      phospholipid and calcium in which 10-160% of prothrombin was measured. By the
      application of these fluorogenic methods to the patients with cardiovascular
      diseases, it was demonstrated that these methods are highly sensitive not only to
      hypocoagulable state, but also to hypercoagulable state, particularly to the
      increase of Factors X and VII concentrations in plasma.

PMID- 3400086
TI  - Effect of ticlopidine ex vivo on platelet intracellular calcium mobilization.
AB  - The antiplatelet compound ticlopidine exerts its potent inhibitory activity
      through an as yet undetermined mechanism(s). The goal of this study was to
      determine the effect, if any, of ticlopidine ex vivo on platelet calcium
      mobilization. Ticlopidine inhibited ADP-induced platelet aggregation by 50-80%.
      In the presence of 1 mM EGTA, ticlopidine inhibited ADP- and thrombin-stimulated
      increases in [Ca2+]i in fura-2 loaded platelets. We evaluated further the effect
      of ticlopidine on calcium mobilization by examining both agonist-stimulated
      formation of inositol trisphosphate in intact platelets and the ability of
      inositol trisphosphate to release 45Ca from intracellular sites in permeabilized
      cells. We show here that while ticlopidine significantly affected agonist-induced
      intracellular calcium mobilization in intact platelets, the drug was without
      effect on agonist-stimulated formation of inositol trisphosphate in intact
      platelets and on inositol trisphosphate-induced 45Ca release in saponin
      permeabilized platelets. Our study demonstrates that ticlopidine exerts at least
      part of its effect via inhibition of intracellular calcium mobilization but that
      its site of action remains to be determined.

PMID- 3400088
TI  - MHC classes I, II, III antigens study in 70 insulin-dependent diabetics with
      associated auto-immune diseases.
AB  - Seventy IDDM patients (insulin-dependent diabetics), 48 females and 22 males,
      most of them adults at the onset of diabetes, and suffering from at least one
      other associated autoimmune manifestation (AAM) were studied for HLA A,B,C, DR
      markers and Bf, C4 complement components. Comparisons were made with 108 normal
      controls and a series of 287 IDDM patients with juvenile onset (under 25 years)
      and no patent other autoimmune disease. The increase in frequency of HLA-B8 among
      IDDM patients with AAM was confirmed (36% versus 20% in controls) (p less than
      0.04). The frequency of DR4 among diabetics with AAM (33%) was not significantly
      different from the normal frequency (27%), and the allelic combination DR3/4 was
      found in only 13% of IDDM with AAM. Corresponding frequencies in patients with
      IDDM alone were 66% for DR4 and 34% for DR3/4 (p less than 10(-6) and 10(-3)
      respectively). These results confirm the heterogeneity of IDDM and support, by
      genetic arguments, the concept of overlapping entities. The hypothesis of a
      common background of autoimmunity associated with B8 DR3 can be postulated, while
      the organ specific target process should be associated with various DR alleles.

PMID- 3400090
TI  - Study of HLA antigens in systemic lupus erythematosus in the French West Indies.
AB  - As incidence of SLE is high in Blacks, we studied HLA and SLE associations in the
      French West Indies, whose population is racially mixed. Forty-seven coloured SLE
      patients have been typed in HLA A,B,C and DR. We observed B8 association in
      nearly all of the studies. B15 association, more frequent in Caucasians, was
      found, also B53 association, a Black variant of B5 more frequent in Blacks. We
      did not find any class II association.

PMID- 3400089
TI  - HLA-DP antigens are involved in the susceptibility to multiple sclerosis.
AB  - Forty-five unrelated patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) from Sweden and 166
      Danish controls were typed for HLA-DP using Primed Lymphocyte Typing. Thirty-nine
      MS-patients and 63 controls were also DNA-typed with the Restriction Fragment
      Length Polymorphism (RFLP) technique for HLA-DP and -DR genes. The frequencies of
      DPw4 were 93.3% in MS patients and 72.3% in controls (relative risk, RR = 5.4, p
      = 0.0014). The DR2 antigen was present in 75.5% of the patients and in 33.7% of
      the controls (RR = 6.1, p less than 10(-6)). DPw4 was not associated (i.e., was
      not in linkage disequilibrium) with DR2 in patients or controls. Thus, in MS the
      associations with DP and DR are independent of each other. However, the combined
      presence of DPw4 and DR2 gave a significantly higher risk than each antigen
      alone, indicating that synergism between DP and DR gene products may play a role
      in the genetic susceptibility to MS.

PMID- 3400091
TI  - Study of cis and trans interactions between extended HLA-haplotypes in insulin
      dependent diabetes.
AB  - From the study of HLA, A, B, C, DR, Bf and C4A, C4B alleles in 287 insulin
      dependent diabetes mellitus patients and 108 controls, comparisons were made
      between 424 diabetic and 216 normal extended haplotypes. In the "cis" situation
      (haplotype), the highest relative risks (RR) for IDDM were borne by multiloci
      allelic associations, mainly DR/complement alleles, rather than by DR3 or DR4
      considered alone. Susceptibility was strongly associated with two extended
      haplotypes (Aw30, Cw5, B18, C4BQ0, C4A3, BfF1, DR3 and A2, Cw3, B15, C4Bx, C4A3,
      BfS, DR4) or their smaller segments. Two haplotypes, S31 associated with DR2 or
      DR5 and F31 associated with DRw6 or DR7 had a protective effect. In the "trans"
      situation (opposite haplotype) the large excess of DR3/DR4 heterozygotes was not
      the only distortion observed. An excess of DR1 (57%) and of C4BQ0 (40%) was noted
      among non DR3, non DR4 haplotypes in diabetics compared to normal individuals
      (26% and 23%, respectively, P less than 0.01, 0.05). Homozygotes for DR3 or DR4
      were not increased, and other homozygotes were decreased compared to controls.
      The protective antigens HLA DR2, DR5 and DR7 seemed not to be distributed
      randomly: their putative protective effect was not observed in the case of
      combination with DR1 or a B18, DR3 haplotype. DR2 was never found homozygous or
      combined with DR5. These results suggest that susceptibility to IDDM is generated
      by both cis and trans interactions between genes or gene products of the HLA
      region.

PMID- 3400092
TI  - Enzymatic studies on tryptophan metabolism disorder in rats chronically exposed
      to carbon disulfide.
AB  - Eight-week-old female Wistar rats were exposed to carbon disulfide for 6 hr a
      day, 5 days a week, for 12 weeks in inhalation chambers. Then the activities of
      the main enzymes of tryptophan metabolism (i.e., L-tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase,
      indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, kynurenine 3-hydroxylase, kynureninase, and
      kynurenine aminotransferases) in their tissues were determined. The results
      showed that exposure to carbon disulfide caused a significant increase in the
      activities of kynureninase and kynurenine-2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase in the
      kidneys, but only a slight increase in their activities in the liver. The
      activities of L-tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase and kynurenine 3-hydroxylase also
      tended to increase, but the increases were not statistically significant. These
      results suggests that the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism in the
      kidneys of rats exposed to carbon disulfide is activated and that the increased
      activities of kynurenine-2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase in the kidneys may cause
      the increased excretion of tryptophan metabolites after tryptophan loading as
      shown in an earlier study (A. Okayama, L. Fun, A. Yamatodani, Y. Ogawa, H. Wada,
      and S. Goto, 1987, Arch. Toxicol. 60, 460-463.

PMID- 3400093
TI  - Effects of ozone on the defense to a respiratory Listeria monocytogenes infection
      in the rat. Suppression of macrophage function and cellular immunity and
      aggravation of histopathology in lung and liver during infection.
AB  - We have investigated the effect of exposure to ozone on defense mechanisms to a
      respiratory infection with Listeria monocytogenes in the rat. For this purpose
      rats were continuously exposed to O3 concentrations ranging from 0.25 to 2.0
      mg/m3 for a period of 1 week. In this model defense to a respiratory infection
      with Listeria depends on acquired specific cellular immune responses, as well as
      on natural nonspecific defense mechanisms. The results confirm earlier findings
      that show that ozone exposure can suppress the capacity of macrophages to ingest
      and kill Listeria. Moreover, the results show that ozone can also have a
      suppressive effect on the development of cellular immune responses to a
      respiratory Listeria infection, i.e., on T/B ratios in lung draining lymph nodes,
      delayed-type hypersensitivity responses to Listeria antigen, and
      lymphoproliferative responses in spleen and lung draining lymph nodes to Listeria
      antigen. The effects on the specific immune responses are especially overt if
      exposure to the oxidant gas occurs during an ongoing primary infection. The
      pathological lesions induced by a pulmonary Listeria monocytogenes infection were
      characterized by multifocal infiltrates of histiocytic and lymphoid cells. The
      foci sometimes had a granulomatous appearance. Moreover, the cellularity of the
      interstitial tissues was increased. In the lung many diffuse alveolar macrophages
      could be seen in the alveoli. Ozone exposure greatly increased the severity of
      the lung lesions and also of liver lesions resulting from the pulmonary
      infection. A prominent finding was the formation of granulomas in ozone-exposed
      and Listeria-infected rats. This increased severity of the lesions after ozone
      exposure and subsequent infection with Listeria was presumably not a result of
      additive ozone and Listeria-induced lesions, but rather an effect of ozone
      induced impaired clearance of the bacteria, caused by depressed macrophage
      activity and cellular immunity. T-cell-dependent immune responses form an
      important component of defense to respiratory infections with bacteria and
      viruses, and possibly also to neoplasms. Since our study unequivocally shows an
      effect on T-cell-dependent immunity, ozone exposure has to be judged potentially
      hazardous with respect to such challenges of the lung.

PMID- 3400094
TI  - Inhibition of mouse hepatocyte intercellular communication by paraquat-generated
      oxygen free radicals.
AB  - Intercellular communication through gap junctions functions in electrical
      synapsing, homeostasis, hormonal response, embryogenesis, and growth control.
      Many neurotoxicants, teratogens, and carcinogens are capable of inhibiting gap
      junctional intercellular communication and this effect may be related to their
      toxic activity. In addition, many of these toxic agents are capable of
      stimulating oxygen free radical production in cells. The purpose of this study
      was to determine if oxygen free radicals at noncytotoxic levels could inhibit
      intercellular communication in primary cultured mouse hepatocytes. Intercellular
      communication was evaluated in 24-hr-old cultures of male B6C3F1/Cr1BR mouse
      hepatocytes by microinjection of fluorescent Lucifer Yellow CH dye and
      visualization of dye spread to adjacent hepatocytes (dye-coupling). Dye-coupling
      was rapidly established in freshly plated primary cultured hepatocytes reaching a
      level of over 90% after 24 hr of culture. After 24 hr, dye-coupling paralleled
      hepatocyte survival. Treatment of hepatocyte cultures with noncytotoxic
      concentrations of paraquat (1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium dichloride; PQ) (0.5
      5 mM), hydrogen peroxide (0.5-2 mM), glucose oxidase (0.1 U/ml), or xanthine
      oxidase (0.2 U/ml plus 1 mM xanthine) for exposure durations of 2-8 hr resulted
      in concentration-dependent decreases in dye-coupling. Addition of the
      antioxidants DPPD (N,N-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine; 25 microM) and vitamin E (D,L
      alpha-tocopherol acetate; 100 microM) decreased the inhibitory effect of PQ on
      dye-coupling. In contrast, addition of the catalase inhibitor 3-amino-1,2,4
      triazole or the glutathione depletor diethylmaleate to PQ-treated cultures
      potentiated PQ-induced inhibition of dye-coupling. PQ stimulated NADPH-dependent
      mouse liver microsomal superoxide radical production. Thus, one effect of
      prooxidant compounds appears to be the inhibition of IC. This effect may be
      important in the sublethal toxicity of oxygen radical generating compounds.

PMID- 3400096
TI  - Selectivity of methyl mercury effects on cytoskeleton and mitotic progression in
      cultured cells.
AB  - Methyl mercury (MeHg) disrupts microtubules, but effects on other cytoskeleton
      components are not well studied. Dose-effect relationships were used to determine
      the selectivity of MeHg effects on vimentin intermediate filaments, actin
      microfilaments, and microtubules. These were examined in PtK2 cells by
      immunofluorescence. At 0.5 microM MeHg the number of microtubules was reduced.
      After 1.0 or 2.0 microM MeHg, microtubules in most cells were disassembled except
      for a few "stable" microtubules. No effects on vimentin or actin filaments were
      observed except as secondary effects at concentrations of MeHg that caused
      extensive microtubule disassembly. Antimitotic effects of MeHg are well known. An
      assay based on fluid pinocytosis was used here to study kinetics of mitotic
      progression. HeLa cells were arrested at prometaphase with a lengthening of
      subsequent stages of mitosis. Progression from prophase to prometaphase was not
      affected. MeHg treatment also increased the number of micronucleated and
      multinucleated cells. Drugs specific for actin cause similar effects by blocking
      cytokinesis but the selective action of MeHg on microtubules argues against this
      mechanism. Data from both interphase and mitotic cultured cells indicate that
      MeHg acts selectively on microtubules. It further supports the hypothesis that
      the mechanism of damage of MeHg is related to its antimicrotubule activity.

PMID- 3400095
TI  - Testicular necrosis and DNA damage caused by deuterated and methylated analogs of
      1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane in the rat.
AB  - To study the role of metabolism in 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP)-induced
      testicular damage in rats, selectively deuterated and methylated analogs of DBCP
      were given as a single ip dose of 340 mumol/kg and testicular toxicity was
      determined 10 days after treatment. None of the four deuterated analogs C1-D2-,
      C2-D1-, C3-D2-, or C1-C2-C3-D5-DBCP reduced the degree of testicular damage
      compared to DBCP, indicating that metabolic cleavage of a C-H bond was not rate
      limiting in DBCP-induced testicular toxicity. Of the five methylated analogs, C1
      methyl-, C1-dimethyl-, C2-methyl-, and C3-methyl-DBCP and 1,2-dibromo-4
      chlorobutane, only C3-methyl-DBCP caused testicular toxicity. DBCP treatment
      resulted in increased testicular DNA damage at doses of 85-170 mumol/kg as
      measured by alkaline elution of DNA from testicular cells isolated 3 hr after in
      vivo treatment. The perdeutero-DBCP analog induced testicular DNA damage that was
      at least as extensive as that induced by DBCP. Of the methylated analogs tested,
      only C3-methyl-DBCP gave a marked dose-dependent increase in testicular DNA
      damage between 170 and 540 mumol/kg. There were no significant differences in the
      testicular tissue distribution between DBCP, perdeutero-DBCP, and the methylated
      DBCP analogs. Furthermore, in distribution studies with DBCP, C1-methyl- and C3
      methyl-DBCP, and 1,2-dibromo-4-chlorobutane, the highest tissue concentrations
      were found in the kidneys, followed by the liver and then the testes. The fact
      that testicular DNA damage of DBCP and its deuterated and methylated analogs
      paralleled their ability to cause testicular necrosis and atrophy makes
      measurement of DNA damage a very useful correlate in mechanistic studies of DBCP
      induced testicular cell death.

PMID- 3400097
TI  - Metabolic evidence for the involvement of enzymatic bioactivation in the
      cataractogenicity of acetaminophen in genetically susceptible (C57BL/6) and
      resistant (DBA/2) murine strains.
AB  - Acetaminophen has been shown to be cataractogenic in mice and rabbits. C57BL/6
      and DBA/2 mice respectively are genetically susceptible and resistant to the
      induction of cytochrome P-448 by 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC). This isoenzyme is
      thought to bioactivate acetaminophen to a toxic reactive intermediate. These two
      murine strains also are correspondingly susceptible and resistant to
      acetaminophen cataractogenesis. To evaluate the potential role of enzymatic
      bioactivation as a determinant of acetaminophen cataractogenesis, C57BL/6 and
      DBA/2 mice were treated with acetaminophen, 300 or 400 mg/kg intraperitoneally
      (ip), with or without pretreatment 48 hr earlier using 3-MC, 200 mg/kg ip.
      Lenticular cataracts were evaluated using the unaided eye and a slit lamp, and
      hepatotoxicity was evaluated by determination of peak plasma concentration of
      alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Plasma concentrations of acetaminophen and
      metabolites, particularly the glutathione (GSH)-derived conjugates (cysteine and
      mercapturic acid) reflecting enzymatic bioactivation, were measured by high
      performance liquid chromatography. Cataracts developed only in C57BL/6 mice
      pretreated with 3-MC, occurring in 1 of 5 and 5 of 5 animals treated respectively
      with 300 and 400 mg/kg of acetaminophen. Comparing these two groups of induced
      C57BL/6 mice, production of the cysteine conjugate of acetaminophen was 2.5-fold
      higher with the 400 mg/kg dose of acetaminophen (p less than 0.05). Compared to
      their respective dose-matched, noninduced controls, cysteine conjugate production
      in the 300 and 400 mg/kg dose groups of induced C57BL/6 mice respectively was 3
      fold and 4-fold higher (p less than 0.05). No DBA/2 mice developed cataracts. No
      mercapturic acid conjugate was detectable in the plasma of DBA/2 mice, and
      production of the cysteine conjugate was not altered in this strain by increasing
      the dose of acetaminophen or by pretreatment with 3-MC. The mean peak plasma
      concentration of the cysteine conjugate, reflecting acetaminophen bioactivation,
      was 5-fold higher in animals developing cataracts compared with those without
      cataracts (p less than 0.001). Plasma concentrations of unmetabolized
      acetaminophen were similar in all groups and unrelated to the development of
      cataracts. All mice of both strains pretreated with 3-MC showed evidence of
      hepatotoxicity, indicating a dissociation between hepatotoxic and cataractogenic
      susceptibility.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3400098
TI  - Hypothalamic site of action of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD).
AB  - Administration of TCDD produced a significant decrease in the serum concentration
      of prolactin (PRL) detected in rats after 4 hr compared to pair-fed vehicle
      controls and noninjected controls. This effect of TCDD was reversed by pimozide,
      a dopamine receptor antagonist. These data suggest that TCDD decreased the
      release of PRL from the adenohypophysis either by a direct effect on the gland or
      by altering the dopamine concentration in the median eminence (ME).
      Concentrations of TCDD from 5 to 500 ng/ml had no direct effect on the ability of
      the adenohypophysis to secrete PRL in vitro. However, the dopamine concentration
      increased to 3.24 +/- 0.07 ng per ME in TCDD-treated rats compared to 2.81 +/-
      0.08 ng in vehicle controls. This is a dramatic alteration in the dopamine
      concentration, since the dopamine is being measured in the portal circulation
      which exhibits a rapid turnover. The rate constant of dopamine depletion after
      alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine and the turnover rate were also significantly elevated in
      the ME of TCDD-treated rats. These data provide the first biochemical evidence
      for a hypothalamic site of action of TCDD. Since dopamine is inhibitory to PRL
      release from the adenohypophysis, increased ME steady-state concentrations and
      turnover of this catecholamine may be responsible for the decreased concentration
      of serum PRL detected within 4 hr of TCDD injection. Thus, one of the early modes
      and sites of action of TCDD is to elevate the dopaminergic activity of the
      tuberoinfundibular nucleus. A hypothalamic site of action for TCDD may result in
      a number of the endocrinological effects known to be produced by exposure to
      TCDD.

PMID- 3400099
TI  - 21-Aminosteroid reduces ion shifts and edema in the rat middle cerebral artery
      occlusion model of regional ischemia.
AB  - U74006F is a member of a new family of steroid drugs called 21-aminosteroids,
      which are potent inhibitors of lipid peroxidation with little or no
      glucocorticoid or mineralocorticoid activity. We investigated the effects of
      U74006F on the early ionic edema produced by middle cerebral artery occlusion in
      rats. Intravenous doses of 3 mg/kg U74006F were given 10 minutes and 3 hours
      after occlusion. Tissue concentrations of Na+, K+, and water at and around the
      infarct site were measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy and by wet-dry
      weight measurements 24 hours after occlusion. Compared with vehicle treatment,
      U74006F treatment reduced brain water entry, Na+ accumulation, K+ loss, and net
      ion shift by 25-50% in most brain areas sampled in the frontal and parietal
      cortex. However, reductions of ionic edema were most prominent and reached
      significance (p less than 0.005, unpaired two-tailed t test) mostly in the
      frontoparietal and parietal cortex areas adjacent to the infarct site. Our
      findings suggest that a steroid drug without glucocorticoid or mineralocorticoid
      activity can reduce edema in cerebral ischemia but that the effects are largely
      limited to tissues in which collateral blood flow may be present.

PMID- 3400100
TI  - Effects of calcium channel blockers on neurologic outcome after focal ischemia in
      rabbits.
AB  - To determine the efficacy of calcium channel blockers in preserving neurologic
      function after central nervous system ischemia, we studied three such agents in
      two animal models. We treated rabbits after inducing ischemia in the brain with
      intra-arterial microspheres and in the spinal cord using a removable aortic
      occluding device. We found no benefit, in terms of neurologic functional outcome,
      from lidoflazine, nimodipine, or nicardipine. All three agents elevated regional
      blood flow in the spinal cord. We conclude that calcium antagonists are not
      likely to prove beneficial if used alone in the treatment of focal central
      nervous system ischemia.

PMID- 3400102
TI  - Proposed method for analyzing carotid endarterectomy results.

PMID- 3400101
TI  - Effect of the ganglioside GM1 on neurologic function, electroencephalogram
      amplitude, and histology in chronic middle cerebral artery occlusion in cats.
AB  - The effect of the ganglioside GM1 on amplitude of the electroencephalogram,
      neurologic function, and histology has been studied in chronic middle cerebral
      artery occlusion in cats. Ischemia was produced by a 2-hour occlusion of the left
      middle cerebral artery and was followed by a 7-day observation period. GM1 was
      intravenously administered 30 minutes after occlusion and daily during the
      observation period. Using the reduction in the electroencephalogram amplitude to
      measure stroke severity, three cats with mild, three cats with moderate, and
      three cats with severe stroke were treated with 5 mg/kg GM1. Nine cats, three in
      each group, were treated with 30 mg/kg GM1, while nine cats, three in each group,
      received middle cerebral artery occlusion but no treatment. In all cats there was
      a precipitous fall in mean electroencephalogram amplitude during occlusion,
      followed by a secondary fall during the observation period. Treated cats showed
      better recovery of electroencephalogram amplitude during the first 4 hours of
      reperfusion and a smaller secondary fall than untreated cats. Treated cats,
      especially those treated with 5 mg/kg GM1, showed significant recovery of
      neurologic deficits compared with untreated cats. Histologic damage was less in
      treated cats than in untreated cats. Some cats treated with 30 mg/kg GM1
      exhibited convulsions, whereas no untreated cat showed any seizure activity. Our
      findings suggest that gangliosides may improve the recovery of both neurologic
      deficits and morphologic damage in the central nervous system. These positive
      effects might be tentatively explained by stimulation of enzymatic activities
      such as Na+, K+-ATPase and adenyl cyclase.

PMID- 3400103
TI  - Significance of age-related white matter lesions.

PMID- 3400104
TI  - Disability and rehabilitation after stroke.

PMID- 3400105
TI  - Results of the seven-year prospective study of stroke patients.
AB  - Using the registry method, 1,538 stroke patients were detected in one district of
      Moscow between January 1, 1972, and December 31, 1974. Of the 965 patients who
      survived the acute stage of stroke (the first 3 weeks after onset), 941 (505
      women and 436 men) were followed for the next 7 years. We analyzed incidence and
      types of recurrent strokes. During this 7-year follow-up, we recorded 32.1% of
      the patients as having recurrent strokes, most of which developed in the first 3
      years and especially during the first year after the index stroke. The majority
      of recurrent strokes were of the same type as the index stroke and were localized
      in the same area of the brain. The cumulative mortality rates for the initial
      1,538 patients were 37.3% dead by 3 weeks, 63.6% dead by 3 years, 72.1% dead by 5
      years, and 76.5% dead by 7 years. In the first 3 months (excluding the first 3
      weeks), most patients who died died of pulmonary thromboembolism. The mortality
      rate from recurrent strokes and pneumonia was higher than that from
      cardiovascular mortality. Transient ischemic attacks occurred in 49.5% of all
      patients and myocardial infarction in 16.4%. Functional prognosis was determined
      mainly by age, motor function, and concomitant diseases. After 1 year, 68.2% of
      the surviving patients were fully independent, while 81% of those surviving 7
      years had reached this level. A significant number of patients were capable of
      returning to their previous work.

PMID- 3400106
TI  - Acute stroke therapy trials: problems in patient accrual.
AB  - Temple University Hospital participated in a multicenter acute stroke trial but
      enrolled only one patient out of 192 screened over 2 years; other centers had
      similar difficulty in patient recruitment. We analyzed our screening data to
      determine which enrollment criteria created difficulties in recruitment and
      whether the problem was attributable to any single criterion or to combinations
      of criteria. Six individual criteria were frequent causes for exclusion; however,
      greater than 80% of the patients were excluded for multiple reasons.
      Consequently, modifying or eliminating any single criterion did not appreciably
      increase patient accrual. Only 17 of 210 possible pairs of criteria occurred with
      statistically significant frequency (p less than 0.05), and these were most
      likely random associations. Therefore, only by minimizing the number and
      stringency of enrollment criteria will patient accrual be at a level that allows
      the study to be completed in a timely manner with a fiscally reasonable number of
      centers.

PMID- 3400107
TI  - Asymptomatic cerebral infarction in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation.
AB  - A retrospective analysis of 54 patients with atrial fibrillation presenting with
      symptoms of cerebral ischemia between 1980 and 1985 was performed. Seven patients
      (13%) had computed tomographic evidence of previous, clinically silent cerebral
      infarction. In a control group of 168 persons (studied prospectively) in sinus
      rhythm presenting with symptoms of cerebral ischemia, seven (4%) had computed
      tomographic evidence of previous, clinically silent cerebral infarction (p less
      than 0.05). In those patients with atrial fibrillation all infarcts were
      peripheral and consistent with embolism, while in three of the seven patients in
      sinus rhythm the asymptomatic infarcts were lacunes.

PMID- 3400108
TI  - Incidence of stroke in young adults in Florence, Italy.
AB  - A population-based study specifically addressing stroke in young adults (aged 15
      44 years) was conducted in Florence, Italy, from 1983 to 1985. We identified 47
      cases of first stroke by means of a daily check of the medical facilities of the
      city and nearby towns and a review of death certificates. Patients were assessed
      by a neurologist shortly after the onset of the stroke, and computed tomography
      or autopsy was performed in 96%. The average annual incidence rate for all stroke
      (cases per 100,000 population per year) was 9.0 (95% confidence interval 5.8
      13.4) for males and 8.7 (95% confidence interval 5.5-13.0) for females. The
      average annual incidence rates for the pathologic types of stroke were 3.4 for
      cerebral infarction, 3.2 for subarachnoid hemorrhage, and 1.9 for intracerebral
      hemorrhage. The case-fatality ratio was 23.4% at 1 month. Among patients with
      ischemic strokes, atherosclerosis and cardiac disease accounted for 50% of the
      cases. Based on angiography or autopsy findings, aneurysm or arteriovenous
      malformation were demonstrated in 88% of the patients with subarachnoid
      hemorrhage. In 50% of the patients with intracerebral hemorrhage, no cause of
      bleeding was detected. Our study may supply information about stroke pathologic
      types in an unselected series of young adults.

PMID- 3400109
TI  - Influence of liver dysfunction on volume of putaminal hemorrhage.
AB  - We studied the relations of age, sex, hypertension, alcohol consumption, liver
      dysfunction, and thrombocyte count to the volume of the hematoma in 141 patients
      with spontaneous putaminal hemorrhage. Hematomas were significantly larger in
      men, regular alcohol consumers, those with liver dysfunction, and those with low
      platelet counts. Our findings reflect the fact that almost all of the alcohol
      consumers were men, most of them had liver disorders, and the volume of hematoma
      in such patients was relatively large.

PMID- 3400111
TI  - 21-Aminosteroid lipid peroxidation inhibitor U74006F protects against cerebral
      ischemia in gerbils.
AB  - U74006F (21-[4-(2,6-di-1-pyrrolidinyl-4-pyrimidinyl)-1-piperazinyl]-16 alpha
      methylpregna-1,4,9(11)-triene-3,20-dione, monomethane sulfonate) is a novel and
      potent inhibitor of central nervous system tissue lipid peroxidation that is
      devoid of classical steroid hormonal activities. Its possible efficacy in
      attenuating postischemic mortality and neuronal necrosis was examined in gerbils
      following 3-hour unilateral carotid artery occlusion. Male Mongolian gerbils
      received two intraperitoneal injections of either vehicle or U74006F (3 or 10
      mg/kg), the first injection 10 minutes before and the second injection at the end
      of the 3-hour ischemic episode. In an initial series of experiments, vehicle
      treated gerbils displayed 60.9% (14 of 23) survival 24 hours after ischemia,
      which decreased to 34.8% (8 of 23) at 48 hours. In contrast, the 10 mg/kg U74006F
      treated group showed 86.7% (13 of 15) survival at 24 hours (p less than 0.15 vs.
      vehicle) and 80.0% (12 of 15) survival at 48 hours (p less than 0.02). In a
      second series, neurons in the hippocampal CA1 subfield and the medial and lateral
      cerebral cortex were counted in gerbils surviving 24 hours after unilateral
      carotid artery occlusion. Comparison of neuronal densities in the ischemic
      hemisphere with those in the contralateral nonischemic hemisphere revealed
      significant neuronal preservation in all three brain regions of 10 mg/kg i.p. x 2
      U74006F-treated gerbils. Our results show that U74006F can improve survival and
      attenuate neuronal necrosis in a severe brain ischemia model.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3400110
TI  - Bilateral hemispheric reduction of cerebral blood volume and blood flow
      immediately after experimental cerebral hemorrhage in cats.
AB  - Acute cerebral circulatory changes following experimental cerebral hemorrhage
      were investigated in eight cats. The cerebral hemorrhage was produced in the
      right basal ganglia by introducing arterial blood via a thin catheter, using the
      systemic arterial blood pressure of the cat as a driving force. Local cerebral
      blood volume was measured continuously in the bilateral parietotemporal cortexes
      employing photoelectric apparatuses. Carbon black dilution curves were recorded
      from the regions, and the mean transit time of blood was calculated. Local
      cerebral blood flow was estimated from mean transit time and cerebral blood
      volume. Intracranial pressure was monitored continuously in the right parietal
      epidural space. Five minutes after cerebral hemorrhage, intracranial pressure
      increased by 24.0 +/- 6.1 mm Hg, while mean arterial blood pressure increased by
      only 2.9 +/- 2.0 mm Hg. Cerebral blood volume decreased by 1.60 +/- 0.24 vol% in
      the hemorrhagic and 1.14 +/- 0.30 vol% in the nonhemorrhagic hemisphere. Cerebral
      blood flow decreased by 30.0 +/- 4.5 ml/100 g brain/min in the hemorrhagic
      (initially 64.5 +/- 13.6) and by 30.3 +/- 7.5 ml/100 g brain/min in the
      nonhemorrhagic (initially 60.9 +/- 6.9) hemisphere. Increased intracranial
      pressure appeared to be the main cause of the observed cerebral blood volume/flow
      reduction shortly after experimental hemorrhage in the basal ganglia. Several
      other factors and mechanisms involved are discussed.

PMID- 3400112
TI  - Liver fluke infections of cattle in Mali. An abattoir survey on prevalence and
      geographic distribution.
AB  - Six hundred and ninety two cattle, slaughtered in various abattoirs in Mali
      between August 1983 and November 1984 were examined for evidence of Fasciola
      gigantica and Dicrocoelium hospes infections. A great variation in geographic
      prevalence was observed. Sufficient knowledge was acquired to demonstrate both
      the importance of fascioliasis in some areas and also the high prevalence of D.
      hospes in other areas. We suggest that the difference in prevalence from one
      geographic area to another is influenced by local climatic conditions, presence
      or absence of rivers and lakes, and differences in livestock management practices
      by various ethnic groups.

PMID- 3400113
TI  - Effects of management system, legume feeding and anthelmintic treatment on the
      performance of lambs in north Sumatra.
AB  - Sixty-four lambs in North Sumatra were used in a factorial experiment comprising
      two systems of management (grazing and stall-feeding), four levels of legume
      supplementation (0, 250, 500 and 1,000 g/d Pueraria javanica) and two
      anthelmintic treatments (none and albendazole every four weeks). The experiment
      lasted five months. The mortality rate for lambs not given anthelmintic was 28%,
      significantly higher (P less than 0.05) than for animals given anthelmintic which
      had zero mortality. Anthelmintic treatment increased growth rate from only 2 g/d
      to 29 g/d (P less than 0.05) and reduced faecal egg count from 1,700 epg to 270
      epg. When not given anthelmintic grazing lambs had a higher mortality rate (38%)
      than stall-fed lambs (19%) but this difference was not significant. When given
      anthelmintic grazing lambs has a slightly higher growth rate (32 g/d) than stall
      fed lambs (26 g/d). System of management had no apparent effect on egg count.
      Legume supplementation reduced the egg count of lambs not given anthelmintic but
      had no significant effect on mortality or growth rate.

PMID- 3400114
TI  - Prevalence of trypanosomiasis in cattle in south-west Zambia.
AB  - A trypanosomiasis survey was conducted in South-West Zambia. From a total of
      3,346 cattle sampled 342 cattle showed a positive trypanosomiasis parasitaemia.
      During the survey trypanosome species and PCV values were also recorded. With
      simple statistical analysis populations with higher and lower prevalence rates
      were differentiated. The results indicated that the Kwando River Basin Tsetse Fly
      Belt and the Kafue River Basin Tsetse Fly Belt infested a larger area than
      originally assumed and that a link-up between both belts occurred or will occur
      in the near future.

PMID- 3400115
TI  - Characteristics of an attenuated Anaplasma marginale of deer origin as an
      anaplasmosis vaccine.
AB  - A fully virulent field Anaplasma marginale isolate, passaged to a splenectomised
      white tailed deer, lost virulence for cattle after 18 months in the non-bovine
      host. This attenuated A. marginale produced a mild response in four 18-month-old
      Holstein steers characterised by an average 2.4% parasitaemia, a 13% drop in PCV
      and a positive serological response. All vaccinated steers were immune to
      challenge with a fully virulent, heterologous A. marginale when compared with non
      vaccinated controls.

PMID- 3400116
TI  - Methods of increasing the nutritional value of straw when used as a food for
      goats, sheep, cattle and buffaloes: dissertation review III.

PMID- 3400117
TI  - Influence of tumor growth kinetics on response to doxorubicin treatment of C3H
      mammary carcinoma.
AB  - The influence of tumor growth kinetics on response to doxorubicin treatment of
      C3H mammary carcinoma was investigated. Gompertzian growth curves were obtained
      for the tumor mass of each mouse by a computerized best fit program. The response
      was assessed by evaluating: a) the total clonogenic cell reduction as a fraction
      of the initial tumor volume or the tumor volume that should result at the end of
      treatment in a free growth condition, and b) the partial clonogenic cell
      reduction at each drug administration, assuming a first order cell kill
      hypothesis. Slowly growing tumors at each dose level showed a significantly
      poorer response than rapidly growing tumors. Each response index exhibited a
      linear correlation with the specific instantaneous growth rate at the time of
      treatment. Data also suggested a dose-response dependence.

PMID- 3400118
TI  - Inter-observer variability in the interpretation of mammograms.
AB  - Inter-observer agreement was tested in the interpretation by 8 radiologists of
      mammograms from 45 women (for a total of 180 films per radiologist). The
      radiologists were representative of the whole range of those involved in
      mammography in the town of Torino, with a number of films read per year ranging
      from 100 to 4000. Out of the 45, 9 women were affected by breast cancer
      (histologically proved), 25 had benign disease (diagnosed with fine-needle
      aspiration) and 11 had normal breasts. Weighted kappa values were in the range
      0.27-0.82 (median 0.60) for parenchymal patterns; 0.33-0.67 (0.48) for diagnosis
      in five categories; and 0.22-0.57 (0.38) for indications for further diagnostic
      tests. These values are comparable with those reported from other investigations.

PMID- 3400119
TI  - Conservative treatment of breast cancer in Italy. A survey.
AB  - The authors evaluated the diffusion of conservative treatment of breast cancer in
      Italian radiotherapy departments during 1984-1985. T1 and small T2 (less than 3
      cm in maximal diameter) cases were particularly considered. Conservative surgery
      and radiotherapy of breast cancer was adopted in 88.4% of the Italian
      radiotherapy centers. Quadrantectomy and axillary dissection was the surgical
      procedure routinely adopted. Large differences emerged in radiation treatment
      among the different departments, particularly with regard to the irradiation of
      regional lymph nodes. A total of 1561 T1 and 279 T2 cases were submitted to a
      conservative treatment in 1984, and respectively 2185 and 334 in 1985. The 1985
      versus 1984 increase in cases treated was 40% for T1 and 18% for T2.

PMID- 3400121
TI  - Abnormal pattern of mucin secretion at the resection margin of colorectal
      carcinomas.
AB  - In a retrospective study, we investigated 56 consecutive patients who had
      undergone radical intestinal resection for colorectal adenocarcinoma and who had
      developed local or distant recurrences of the disease. We found that the presence
      of a predominant sialomucin pattern at the margins of resection of the surgical
      specimen was correlated with a high percentage of local, endoluminal recurrence
      in the anastomotic mucosa. In contrast, no correlation could be found when the
      recurrences occurred in the outer tissues around the anastomosis or at some
      distance from it.

PMID- 3400120
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies MBr1 and MBr8 as predictors of response to oophorectomy in
      advanced breast cancer.
AB  - The response to oophorectomy in 40 patients with advanced breast cancer was
      evaluated as a function of the presence or absence of the antigens recognized by
      the monoclonal antibodies MBrl, MBr8, and MOv2 on the cell surface of the primary
      tumor. Two groups (20 patients alive 5 years after oophorectomy and 20 patients
      who died within 5 years) were evaluated. These groups had a) the same
      distribution of lymph node status, diameter of the primary, and the presence of
      estrogen receptors at the time of first treatment and b) a comparable extent of
      the disease at the time of oophorectomy. The frequency of complete response after
      oophorectomy was significantly higher in patients whose tumors did not express
      the antigens recognized by antibodies MBrl and MBr8. Fourteen of the 22 patients
      with tumors not reacting with MBrl and 11 of the 18 negative to MBr8 had a
      complete response. There was no correlation with response and the monoclonal
      antibody MOv2. Both MBrl and MBr8 were present in 11 patients and both were
      absent in another 11. The simultaneous absence of the two antigens was related to
      the highest complete response rate (9 out of 11 patients).

PMID- 3400122
TI  - Ileal carcinoid metastatic to the breast. Report of a case.
AB  - We report a case of ileal carcinoid which clinically presented as a primary
      breast carcinoma. Review of the literature demonstrated only 9 cases of
      carcinoids metastatic to the breast. In spite of the rarity of this event, the
      differential diagnosis between primary and metastatic carcinoid of the breast
      should be considered in view of the different clinical management of these two
      settings.

PMID- 3400123
TI  - Palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome associated with short-term continuous
      infusion (5 days) of 5-fluorouracil.
AB  - A case of palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome (PPES) observed during a 120
      h infusion of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is presented. This syndrome has been
      described in the literature after protracted infusion chemotherapy of over 30
      days. The agent most frequently associated with this syndrome was 5-FU. A 53-year
      old man was admitted to the hospital with a well-differentiated squamous cell
      carcinoma of the retromolar trigone. The patient received 100 mg/m2 of cisplatin
      on day 1 and 120-h continuous infusion of 1000 mg/m2 of 5-FU every 3 weeks. After
      the second course, the patient developed clinical features consistent with PPES.
      This side effect has not been previously reported with short-term (5-day or 120
      h) continuous infusion of 5-FU. Less frequently, the syndrome has also been
      described with 10-day continuous infusion. The etiopathogenesis of PPES is
      unclear, but it seems to be dose-dependent and probably related to cutaneous drug
      accumulation.

PMID- 3400124
TI  - Melatonin increase as predictor for tumor objective response to chemotherapy in
      advanced cancer patients.
AB  - Clinical studies have demonstrated an altered pineal function in cancer patients.
      Owing to the documented antineoplastic activity of the pineal gland, these
      anomalies could have a prognostic significance. This study was carried out to
      monitor changes in blood levels of melatonin, the most important pineal hormone,
      in relation to the clinical response to chemotherapy in human neoplasms. The
      study included 42 cancer patients of both sexes (breast cancer, 10; lung cancer,
      13; colon cancer, 11; soft tissue sarcoma, 4; testicular cancer, 1; Hodgkin's
      disease, 1; peritoneal mesothelioma, 2). Melatonin serum levels were measured by
      radioimmunoassay before and 28 days after each cycle of chemotherapy. The results
      showed that, irrespectively of the type of tumor and chemotherapeutic regimen,
      12/16 patients (75%) whose melatonin markedly enhanced after chemotherapy had an
      objective regression. In contrast, 2/26 patients only (8%) whose melatonin did
      not enhance after chemotherapy had a clinical response. The percentage of
      objective responses was statistically significantly higher in patients with a
      chemotherapy-induced melatonin increase than in those with no melatonin increase
      (p less than 0.001). This study seems to demonstrate that melatonin determination
      can be used as a predictor of the objective response to chemotherapy in cancer
      patients. Moreover, it suggests that the antineoplastic effect of cytotoxic drugs
      may require participation of the pineal gland.

PMID- 3400125
TI  - The use of lympho-venous anastomoses to prevent complications from ilio-inguinal
      dissection.
AB  - Lympho-venous anastomoses (LVA) were performed in 30 patients, immediately after
      the completion of ilio-inguinal dissection for metastatic nodal involvement. This
      surgical procedure, originally devised to treat post-mastectomy lymphedema from
      radical mastectomy, was intended in this series of cases to prevent complications
      from ilio-inguinal nodal dissection. Actually, when compared to another group of
      84 patients previously operated on by ilio-inguinal nodal dissection without
      lympho-venous anastomoses, the series showed a lower rate of local-regional
      complications (38% vs 65.9%). The mean duration of hospital stay was also reduced
      (18.5 vs 34.7 days). Distant lymphedema of the lower limb was observed in 7 of 23
      patients who had received LVA, whereas in the control group, lymphedema was
      recorded in 39 of 52 patients who were regularly followed-up (30% vs 75%). LVA
      should be routinely used, as a useful surgical procedure, to prevent or reduce
      the occurrence of local-regional complications following ilio-inguinal nodal
      dissections.

PMID- 3400126
TI  - An uncommon cause of massive intraperitoneal bleeding: leiomyoblastoma of the
      stomach.
AB  - A large exogastric leiomyoblastoma in a 48-year-old male revealed by asymptomatic
      upper abdominal mass is reported. Abdominal ultrasound, computerized tomography
      scan and magnetic resonance showed a 20 cm cystic lesion apart from liver and
      pancreas of undetermined origin. During hospitalization, massive intraperitoneal
      bleeding due to rupture of the mass was observed. An emergency laparotomy was
      carried out, and excision of a large, ruptured, cystic mass involving the greater
      gastric curvature was performed. Microscopy revealed a gastric leiomyoblastoma.
      Even if infrequent, massive intraperitoneal bleeding is a very serious
      complication of gastric leiomyoblastoma. Considering the difficulty of an
      accurate preoperative diagnosis and the risk of intraperitoneal rupture, the
      authors suggest that similar abdominal masses should be managed by quick
      diagnostic investigations and early surgical procedures.

PMID- 3400127
TI  - Multifocal and diffuse adenomatoid tumor involving uterus and fallopian tube.

PMID- 3400128
TI  - [AIDS: researchers fight against time. Interview by Robert Henry].

PMID- 3400129
TI  - [AIDS: mastering the clinical course].

PMID- 3400130
TI  - [Pulmonary complications of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: a
      retrospective study of 100 cases].

PMID- 3400131
TI  - [Brucellosis and familial C6 deficiency. Serum bactericidal activity and
      interleukin-2 production].

PMID- 3400132
TI  - Treatment of urethral diseases with neodymium:YAG laser.
AB  - Over a thirty-month period, a wide variety of common urethral problems were
      treated on an ambulatory basis, with the neodymium:yttrium-aluminum garnet
      (Nd:YAG) laser. When used discriminately, laser treatment appears to be an
      effective modality for the management of selected urethral strictures. Thus far,
      excellent results have been obtained in 30 of 31 cases of short strictures where
      laser urethrotomy was performed as the first stricture procedure (average follow
      up 10 months). Furthermore, in a series of 36 cases of secondary bladder neck
      contractures, all of the evaluated patients responded well (average follow-up 7
      months). Good results were obtained in only 11 of 48 complicated strictures
      (average follow-up 14 months). However, while most of these extensive strictures
      were not eradicated, laser therapy generally produced a documented clinical
      improvement, comparable to urethrotomy or dilatation, in 15 of these cases. A
      series of 24 condylomata involving the urethra were treated satisfactorily, with
      no recurrences (average follow-up 13 months). Laser treatment also has been used
      successfully for the management of several urethral caruncles, urethral polyps,
      two meatal hemangiomas, one urethral carcinoma, and a distal duplicated urethra.
      Recently, the Nd:YAG laser has been applied to the prostatic urethra with
      vaporization of obstructing median bar hyperplasia. Favorable results have been
      achieved in 5 of 6 cases treated with a newly developed technique that utilizes
      direct laser contact. Retrograde ejaculation has not been encountered in these
      patients (average follow-up 6 months). All of these procedures have been
      accomplished in the office, largely without urethral catheterization. Lidocaine
      jelly occasionally supplemented with intravenous sedation provided satisfactory
      anesthesia.

PMID- 3400133
TI  - Renal pelvic pressures during extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy.
AB  - Renal pelvic pressures were studied in 4 patients with indwelling nephrostomy
      tubes undergoing extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL). The pressures were
      monitored by attaching the patients' nephrostomy tubes to an electrical pressure
      transducer. Three of these patients had ureteral stents placed to prevent outflow
      obstruction from disintegrated stone fragments. The mean pelvic pressure
      increased from 17.0 cm H2O at the start to 52 cm H2O at the conclusion of ESWL.
      Two hours post-ESWL, the pressures declined to a mean of 27.0 cm H2O. The maximum
      pelvic urine volume as determined by aspirating the nephrostomy tubes at the
      conclusion of the procedure was 6 cc. The observed rise in pelvic pressure may be
      explained by a sustained contraction of the pelvic smooth musculature.

PMID- 3400134
TI  - Improved technique for recording cavernosometries.
AB  - Two variables are introduced simultaneously in the process of artificial
      erection: penile circumference and perfusion flow. These are incorporated with
      intracorporeal pressure into a single paper-tracing for permanent record and
      comparison.

PMID- 3400135
TI  - Treatment of painful caliceal stones.
AB  - Nonmobile caliceal stones cause pain more often than previously appreciated. The
      character and intensity of the pain differs from typical renal colic. Twenty-six
      patients with caliceal stones and pain underwent attempted treatment for pain
      control via stone removal or disintegration: 15 were treated with percutaneous
      stone extraction (PSE), 10 with extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL), and
      1 required open surgery after failing PSE. One patient had persistent pain after
      ESWL and subsequently underwent PSE; 25 of 26 patients had complete relief of
      pain. Morbidity was minimal. Patients with painful caliceal stones should be
      offered ESWL, followed by PSE if pain persists.

PMID- 3400136
TI  - Acute appendicitis mimicking pelvic neoplasm.
AB  - Acute appendicitis can be difficult to diagnose when it presents in an atypical
      manner. We report a case of perforated appendicitis mimicking a pelvic neoplasm.

PMID- 3400137
TI  - Rare penile anomalies presenting with complication of circumcision.
AB  - Two rare penile anomalies, scaphoid megalourethra and 180-degree torsion of the
      penis, which presented as complications of circumcision are reported.
      Complications of circumcision of this type may be prevented by careful inspection
      of the penis prior to circumcision, by delaying circumcision if a penile
      abnormality is noted, and by careful visualization during all aspects of the
      procedure.

PMID- 3400138
TI  - Effect of lectins on KK-47 bladder cancer cell line.
AB  - The effect of three lectins, Ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA II), concanavalin
      agglutinin (ConA), and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), on KK-47 bladder cancer cell
      line was studied, RCA II showed effective inhibition of H3-uridine and H3
      thymidine uptake by KK-47. ConA showed a stimulatory effect in all three
      concentrations used. WGA also showed stimulatory effect, but it was less
      pronounced than ConA.

PMID- 3400139
TI  - Comparative investigation on use of (2''R)-4'-O-tetrahydropyranyl-adriamycin and
      adriamycin as intravesical chemotherapy for superficial bladder tumors.
AB  - An intravesical chemotherapeutic agent must be capable of being rapidly absorbed
      by the tumor cells and expressing its activity while undergoing little systemic
      absorption. A comparative investigation was conducted on (2''R)-4'-O
      tetrahydropyranyl-doxorubicin (Adriamycin) (THP) and Adriamycin (ADM) from the
      above viewpoint using cultured MBT-2 and T-24 cell lines. From in vitro
      experimental systems, it is surmized that THP is taken up by bladder tumor cells
      more rapidly than ADM is, and that THP is thus able to exert its effect on the
      bladder tumor within a shorter time than that required by ADM. This
      pharmacokinetic advantage of THP was proved in an in vivo experimental system;
      that is, bladder tumor tissue which was established by implanting MBT-2 cells
      into the mouse (C3H/He) bladder was found to contain THP in a concentration
      approximately 1.9 times higher than the concentration of ADM. The amount of
      systemic absorption from the bladder was small in the case of both THP and ADM.
      THP should be useful as a new agent for intravesical chemotherapy.

PMID- 3400140
TI  - Unilateral adrenal hemorrhage in forty-five-year-old woman.
AB  - We herein describe a case of adrenal hemorrhage on the right side in a forty-five
      year-old woman. Her medical history did not show any evidence of an acute
      bleeding. The hematoma was removed and adrenalectomy performed. A veinectasis and
      a localized vasculitis are discussed as causes of bleeding.

PMID- 3400141
TI  - Retrograde injection stent set for extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy.

PMID- 3400142
TI  - Metaplastic cystitis complicated with Von Brunn nests, cystitis cystica, and
      intestinal type of glandular metaplasia.
AB  - It is well documented that under certain stimuli the bladder epithelium can
      undergo metaplasia. The origin of glandular epithelium, which may be found in the
      bladder, is somewhat controversial. Endoscopic and histopathologic features of an
      eighty-one-year-old white man with proliferative metaplastic cystitis are
      presented. This case demonstrates that glandular differentiation was due to
      progressive cystitis rather than congenital intestinal rest.

PMID- 3400144
TI  - Sleep environment important in assessing NPT.

PMID- 3400143
TI  - Localization of abscess in adult polycystic kidney by indium-111 leukocyte scan.
AB  - In patients with adult polycystic kidney disease (APKD) infected cysts are
      difficult to localize with current radiographic techniques, especially those
      dependent on renal function. Indium-111 leukocyte (In-WBC) imaging is both highly
      sensitive and effective in detecting and localizing abscesses in patients with
      renal failure. We report on a patient with APKD and sepsis in whom computed
      tomography, ultrasound, and physical examination failed to locate the renal
      abscess, which was found by In-WBC scanning.

PMID- 3400145
TI  - Urinary extravasation during ureteral obstruction.

PMID- 3400146
TI  - Use of Foley balloon tamponade in transrectal prostate biopsy hemorrhage.

PMID- 3400147
TI  - Primary prostatic involvement in non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
AB  - We report 3 cases of primary extranodal lymphoma of the prostate, an unusual
      extranodal presentation rarely diagnosed antemortem. Symptoms of prostatism
      associated with an enlarged hard prostate with pyuria and hematuria in younger
      patients should suggest the diagnosis. Urine cytologic examination should aid in
      the diagnosis of this condition.

PMID- 3400148
TI  - Value of proximal diversion and ureteral stenting in management of penetrating
      ureteral trauma.
AB  - Cases of penetrating ureteral trauma (17 gunshot wounds and 4 stab wounds) seen
      at two New York City hospitals over a nine-year period were reviewed. Early
      urologic complications (defined as urine drainage from the wound for greater than
      2 weeks or need for a second operation) occurred in 50 percent of patients with a
      proximal ureteral injury but were less common when a nephrostomy and stent were
      used in the repair. A similar beneficial effect of stenting was seen in published
      cases, with a 91 percent complication rate for unstented repairs and a 15 percent
      rate when stenting and nephrostomy drainage were both used. The effect of
      stenting on midureteral repairs was less obvious, but the rate of urologic
      complications was lower in stented cases. None of the patients with distal
      ureteral injuries suffered a urologic complication. Stenting with and without a
      nephrostomy tube also produced good results in 2 patients with proximal ureteral
      injuries diagnosed late. We conclude that repair of penetrating ureteral injuries
      should include stenting and nephrostomy tube drainage in cases of proximal
      injuries, as well as generous debridement and water-tight closure. Midureteral
      injuries accompanied by gastrointestinal, pancreatic, and major vascular injuries
      should be stented and proximal diversion considered when prosthetic materials are
      used for vascular repairs.

PMID- 3400149
TI  - [Echinococcosis of the liver as a cause of obstructive icterus].

PMID- 3400150
TI  - [Lateral instability of the upper ankle joint].

PMID- 3400151
TI  - [Early results of a 6-month treatment regimen in pulmonary tuberculosis].

PMID- 3400152
TI  - [Neutron weapons and their biological effects].

PMID- 3400153
TI  - [Early diagnosis and prognosis of acute radiation injuries under war conditions].

PMID- 3400154
TI  - [Treatment of acute radiation sickness under war conditions].

PMID- 3400155
TI  - [Correlation between adenosine triphosphate levels in the blood and erythrocyte
      deformability in patients with transient ischemic attacks and cerebral
      infarction].

PMID- 3400156
TI  - [Electrocorticographic characteristics in epilepsy induced by penicillin in
      rats].

PMID- 3400157
TI  - [The importance of evaluating hearing and vestibular function in head injuries].

PMID- 3400158
TI  - [Electrocardiographic changes in patients with unstable angina pectoris].

PMID- 3400159
TI  - [Effect of balneofangotherapy on the condition of the hepatobiliary system in
      patients with peptic ulcer after the operation on the stomach].

PMID- 3400160
TI  - [The microwave electromagnetic field (2450 c.) in the complex treatment of
      erosive gastroduodenitis in adolescents].

PMID- 3400161
TI  - [Complex evaluation of the effectiveness of SMC-electrophoresis of magnesium
      sulfate in chronic acalculous cholecystitis].

PMID- 3400162
TI  - [Speleotherapy in the treatment of children with bronchial asthma in relation to
      the functional status of the thyroid gland].

PMID- 3400163
TI  - [Effect of iodobromide sodium chloride baths on the kidney function in patients
      with podagra].

PMID- 3400164
TI  - [Characteristics of the effect exercise therapy on the patients with long-term
      hypokinesia].

PMID- 3400166
TI  - [Protection of mineral water resources from contamination with pesticides].

PMID- 3400165
TI  - [Value of the psychological examination at the sanatorium stage of rehabilitation
      of patients with myocardial infarction].

PMID- 3400167
TI  - [Sanitary-microbiological control of the quality of natural resources of health
      resorts].

PMID- 3400168
TI  - [Therapeutic mineral waters of Siberia and the Far East (biologically active and
      toxic elements)].

PMID- 3400169
TI  - [Changes in the functional status of the myocardium in practically healthy
      persons during a holiday in hypodynamic conditions].

PMID- 3400170
TI  - [The role of macro-ions of Naftusia mineral water in its gastrin-incretory effect
      (experimental study)].

PMID- 3400171
TI  - [Use of a transcerebral ultrahigh-frequency electric field in patients with
      chronic alcoholism].

PMID- 3400172
TI  - [Role of the chemical factor in the biological action of therapeutic mud].

PMID- 3400173
TI  - [Effectiveness of using ultrahigh frequency therapy and hydrocortisone
      phonophoresis in patients with chronic podagral arthritis].

PMID- 3400174
TI  - [The use of physical factors in hypertension at different stages of its
      treatment].

PMID- 3400175
TI  - [Rehabilitation physiotherapy after gynecological operations].

PMID- 3400176
TI  - [A doser for administration of a concentrated air-radon mixture into an air
      bath].

PMID- 3400177
TI  - [A device for surface multi-point stimulation of the receptor system of the
      skin].

PMID- 3400178
TI  - [A device for improving the function of the leg joints].

PMID- 3400179
TI  - [Reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium by thiols in the presence of vitamin K].
AB  - Thiol-containing proteins and low molecular sulfhydryl-containing compounds
      reduced nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) in presence of vitamin K3(2-methyl-1,4
      naphthoquinone). Cysteine and dithiothreitol (but not glutathione) reduced NBT
      also in absence of the quinone. Reduction of NBT was accelerated in the weakly
      alkaline medium and occurred both via O2- -dependent and O2- -independent
      mechanism. In presence of quinones the thiols appear to affect the manifestation
      of oxidoreductase reactions estimated by means of NBT-test.

PMID- 3400180
TI  - [The role of fibrinolytic system in pneumonias complicated by exudative pleurisy
      in children].
AB  - Phasic alterations in fibrinolytic activity were found in blood plasma of
      children with pneumonia complicated by exudative pleurisy. Hypercoagulation and
      inhibition of fibrinolytic activity were observed at the beginning of the
      disease. Hypercoagulation and an increase in the fibrinolytic activity occurred
      during restoration. In the children with lung destruction the fibrinolytic
      activity was increased in blood and in exudates before the appearance of
      roentgenologic indications of the destructive alterations. The fibrinolytic
      activity was inhibited in children with metapneumonic pleurisy formed during
      pneumonia and characterized by long-term and severe course. Role of fibrinolysis
      as possible pathogenetic factor responsible for development of complications is
      discussed.

PMID- 3400182
TI  - [A sensitive fluorimetric method of determining tryptophan hydroxylase activity
      of structures in the brain].
AB  - An assay of tryptophane hydroxylase activity in brain was based on fluorometric
      measurement of serotonin after condensation with o-phthalic aldehyde in 10 N HCl.
      The method proved to be more sensitive and simple as compared with the previously
      reported technique and enabled to measure the enzyme activity in brain samples as
      little as 10 mg. The method is recommended for laboratory routine use.

PMID- 3400181
TI  - [Effect of uterine contraction stimulants on active and passive transport of Ca2+
      in the fraction of myometrium sarcolemma].
AB  - Effect of drugs (quinine, sigetine, isoverine and pachycarpine) stimulating
      uterine contraction on active and passive Ca2+ transport was studied in cow
      myometrium sarcolemma. Isoverine and pachycarpine at concentrations 10(-6)-10(-2)
      M did not affect the systems of Ca2+ transport. Quinine at concentrations above
      10(-3) M decreased the rate of Mg2+ ATP-dependent accumulation of Ca2+ and
      stimulated passive elimination of the cation from vesicles due to an increase in
      unspecific permeability of myometrial sarcolemma. Sigetine (10(-6) = 10(-2) M)
      did not affect the Ca2+ passive transport but inhibited uncompetitively the Mg2+
      ATP-dependent accumulation of Ca2+ in sarcolemmal vesicles. Effect of sigetine as
      a stimulator of the uterine contractile activity is apparently based on
      inhibition of the calcium pump in plasmatic membrane of myometrial cells.

PMID- 3400183
TI  - [Determination of free and bound forms of estrogen receptors in rat liver cytosol
      using a method of ligand turnover at low temperature].
AB  - A procedure is described for estimation of free and bound estrogen receptors in
      rat liver cytosol at low temperature using ligand turnover in presence of sodium
      thiocyanate. Total content of estrogen receptors was similar in cytosol of intact
      and ovariectomized rat females but about 30% of estrogen receptors were estimated
      in cytosol of intact animals as estrogen-receptor complexes. Within 24 hrs after
      single administration of 500 mg estradiol E2 into ovariectomized rat females
      approximately 50% of estrogen receptors were shown to be bound with hormone in
      cytosol.

PMID- 3400184
TI  - [Ortho-dianizidine micromethod of determining L-phenylalanine-alpha-oxidase
      activity].
AB  - A micromethod is developed for estimation of 1-phenylalanine-alpha-oxidase
      activity from Trichoderma sp. The method is based on interaction of H2O2 formed
      in the reaction with o-dianisidine.HCl. Optimal conditions were adopted for
      estimation of the new enzyme activity from Trichoderma sp. The enzyme had Km =
      2.5.10(-3) M and Vmax = 0.42 U/mg at 20 mM concentration of phenylalanine in the
      incubation mixture; the highest enzymatic activity was estimated in citrate
      buffer, pH 5.0. The method is simple, precise and reproducible.

PMID- 3400185
TI  - [Analysis of the results of two-dimensional electrophoretic fractionation of
      proteins using a system of digital processing of video information].
AB  - Possible solution of four main problem in analysis of two-dimensional
      electrophoregrams using the complex set for processing of video-information SVIT
      is considered: I. a. potentiality for evaluation of correlation between integral
      optic density of spots on gel plates and amount of protein fractionated, 2.
      qualitative comparison of similar spots from various electrophoregrams, 3. the
      problem of overlapping spots, where the plane pictures of spots were transformed
      into three-dimensional system of peaks, 4. use of bench-marks for geometric
      transformations and production of unified pictures. The complex set or its
      modifications were able to settle these problems.

PMID- 3400187
TI  - [Comparison of ethanol and acetaldehyde interactions with chromatin components of
      cell nuclei from the rat liver].
AB  - Interaction of ethanol and acetaldehyde with structures of rat liver cells nuclei
      was studied in vivo and in vitro using labelled compounds. After injection of 14C
      ethanol and 14C-acetaldehyde into control and alcohol-consuming animals the
      radioactivity was found in carioplasm, non-histone proteins and residual DNA
      protein complex. Relative value of specific radioactivity of all the chromatin
      components studied was practically similar after administration of either ethanol
      or acetaldehyde. The effect of such aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor as teturam
      led to a significant increase of the label incorporation into chromatin proteins.
      Acetaldehyde was shown to bind intensively with the isolated chromatin matrix. At
      the same time, radioactivity was not found in chromatin after incubation with
      labelled ethanol. The data obtained suggest that alterations in structure and
      functions of genetic cell apparatus under conditions of ethanol intoxication
      occurred mainly due to the action of acetaldehyde as a result of ethanol
      reduction.

PMID- 3400188
TI  - [Energy metabolism in structures of the visual analyzer and neurons of the
      sympathetic ganglion after irradiation of the eye with low-intensity infrared
      laser radiation in the near-spectrum region].
AB  - After irradiation of one eye by low-intensive infrared laser with near spectral
      region within 5 and 20 min an increase in aerobic oxidation (activation of
      glutamate- and succinate dehydrogenases, decrease in activity of lactate
      dehydrogenase and in content of lactate) as well as alterations in the
      antioxidant activity were observed in structures of both eyes (irradiated and
      untreated), in visual cortex of both hemispheres and in neurocytes of upper
      cervical sympathetic ganglions. These results suggest that generalized metabolic
      reactions are developed in a body in response to laser irradiation. Mechanism of
      these reactions appears to involve not only the neuro-reflex pathways but it
      related also to the direct effect of the radiation on structures of eye and
      brain. The low-intensive laser radiation penetrated into brain through eye
      retrobulbar tissues and bones.

PMID- 3400186
TI  - [Isolation and characteristics of the neovascularization inhibitor from the
      vitreous body].
AB  - Inhibitor of neovascularization was isolated from bovine vitreous body by means
      of adsorption on immobilized trypsin. The substance isolated was analyzed using
      high pressure chromatography; molecular weight of the component with antivascular
      activity was about 120,000.

PMID- 3400189
TI  - [The role of the antithrombin III-heparin-thrombin complex in the defense
      reaction of the anticoagulation system].
AB  - Complexes antithrombin III-heparin-thrombin exhibiting the anticoagulation and
      nonenzymatic fibrinolytic activities were isolated from human blood children of 4
      II years old with burns or with traumatic shock and from rat blood. The complexes
      antithrombin III-heparin-thrombin with high nonenzymatic fibrinolytic activity
      were shown to develop during activation of the anticoagulation system. In
      depression of the anticoagulation system these complexes, isolated from blood,
      demonstrated the lower nonenzymatic fibrinolytic activity, thus indicating that
      complex-formation is restricted.

PMID- 3400190
TI  - [Impairment of cholesterol-acceptor function of high density lipoproteins in
      patients with ischemic heart disease].
AB  - An ability of high density lipoproteins HDL3 to accept cholesterol from
      erythrocyte membranes was studied in healthy persons and in patients with
      ischemic disease of heart. The cholesterol-acceptory function was estimated as
      follows: by incorporation of fluorescent probes (cholestatriene and pyrene) into
      particles of HDL3, by elimination of cholesterol from erythrocyte membranes and
      by increase of the lipoproteins size evaluated using the method of quazi
      resilient dispersion of laser light. In ischemic disease of heart the property of
      high density lipoproteins, specifically of HDL3 fraction, to accept cholesterol
      from cell membranes was impaired. Middle size of HDL3 particles was decreased in
      the patients with ischemic heart disease as compared with that of healthy
      persons.

PMID- 3400191
TI  - [Effect of photo-oxidized psoralen on the permeability of erythrocyte and
      liposome membranes].
AB  - Hemolysis of erythrocytes was induced after addition of ethanol solution of
      photooxidized psoralen, while the substance irradiated in absence of oxygen did
      not cause the cells hemolysis. The rate of hemolysis correlated with
      concentration of photooxidized psoralen in a sigmoid type. Similar concentration
      dependent effect has been known for digitonin. Digitonin elevated the ionic
      permeability of lecithin-cholesterol liposomes but did not affect the
      permeability of lecithin liposomes. Photooxidized psoralen did not effect
      apparently on liposomes of both types. These data suggest that hemolytic effect
      of photooxidized psoralen did not relate to the substance interaction with
      cholesterol.

PMID- 3400192
TI  - [Various indices of lipid peroxidation in thrombocytes of patients with ischemic
      heart disease].
AB  - Interaction between lipid peroxidation activation and the antioxidant system was
      studied in thrombocytes of patients with cardiovascular pathology. Positive
      correlation between superoxide dismutase activity and malonic dialdehyde content
      was found in healthy persons, while in patients with unstable stenocardia and
      acute myocardial infarction an inversion of the correlation parameters occurred.
      The data obtained may be used for prognosis of heart ischemic disease
      development.

PMID- 3400193
TI  - [Dynamics of quantitative changes in total and individual phospholipids from
      erythrocyte membranes of albino rats during different stages of the stress
      reaction].
AB  - Stress reactions of a body were accompanied by mobilization of its potential
      reactivity, which involved stabilization of the cell membranes metabolic
      activity. The stabilization of membrane phospholipid-phospholipid interactions
      appears to be of importance among other factors responsible for normalization of
      physiological activity under conditions of stress.

PMID- 3400194
TI  - [14C-procollagen secretion by human embryonal fibroblasts with diploid and
      trisomic chromosome complement].
AB  - Secretion of procollagen was studied in human embryonal fibroblasts with diploid
      chromosomes as well as in fibroblasts obtained from fetuses after spontaneous
      abortion from patients with trisomy by chromosome 7. The rate of procollagen
      secretion was approximately similar in these cells; the protein was shown to
      accumulate in intracellular matrix of diploid fibroblasts, while it did not occur
      in the matrix of aneuploid fibroblasts. Content of polymeric tubulin was
      decreased in fibroblasts with trisomy as compared with diploid cells. Impairment
      of the intracellular matrix structure in the cells with trisomy appears to be
      responsible for deterioration of morphogenesis in human chromosome anomalies.

PMID- 3400196
TI  - [Isolation and various properties of immobilized cholesterol esterase].
AB  - Immobilization of cholesterol esterase enabled to study the enzymatic
      modification of blood serum lipoproteins during their interaction with cells. Due
      to high affinity of octyl-Sepharose to cholesterol esterase large volumes of
      diluted enzyme preparations were immobilized without preliminary concentration.
      After immobilization the enzyme pH optimum was unaltered, whereas the activating
      effect of low NaCl concentrations and inhibitory effect of the salt high
      concentrations were not observed. The immobilized on octyl-Sepharose cholesterol
      esterase exhibited the greater stability as compared with the enzyme diluted
      preparation and was used repeatedly without distinct decrease in activity.

PMID- 3400198
TI  - [Biological activity of tRNA and aminoacyl-tRNA-synthetases from the swine
      myocardium in anoxia and subsequent reoxygenation].
AB  - Distinct decrease in the rate of aminoacylation of tRNAs, specific to alanine,
      glutamic acid, leucine and serine, was found after 20 min anoxia of perfused pig
      heart. In the anoxia activity of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases of the same amino
      acid specificity was increased. Reduction of these macromolecules activity was
      observed in reoxygenation of the anoxic myocardium. Biological activity of tRNA
      and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases in pig myocardium appears to depend on the supply
      of heart with oxygen.

PMID- 3400197
TI  - [Fucose and other neutral hexoses in the feces of patients with nonspecific
      ulcerative colitis].
AB  - Secretion of glycoproteins with protective mucus of large intestine was studied
      by means of estimation of the carbohydrate components in feces of patients with
      unspecific ulcerous colitis. A decrease in daily excretion with feces of
      glycoproteins and glycopeptides was detected in these patients as well as in the
      patients with chronic pancreatitis. Under conditions of unspecific ulcerous
      colitis distinct from chronic pancreatitis content of fucoglycoproteins, main
      chemical protectors of gastrointestinal tract, was primarily decreased. The
      defect of large intestine mucus might be responsible for impairment of barrier
      function of the intestinal mucose and to contribute to ulcer development.

PMID- 3400195
TI  - [Evaluation of the functional state of the liver using the blood enzyme spectrum
      after hemosorption for burn toxemia].
AB  - A rate of blood serum toxicity was markedly increased beginning from the second
      day after thermic burns of dogs. At the same time, statistically distinct
      alterations were found in liver tissue specific enzymes activity demonstrating
      the necrotic impairments of liver tissue and cytolysis of hepatocytes. After
      hemosorption the rate of blood serum toxicity was steadily decreased, the
      enzymatic spectrum and leukocyte index of intoxication were normalized in blood
      serum, which appears to relate to lowering of destructive processes in liver
      tissue and to maintaining of hepatocytes functional activity.

PMID- 3400199
TI  - [Effect of diets with various contents of linoleic acid on the prostaglandin
      system in the rat kidney].
AB  - Effect of diets containing various amount of linoleic acid on formation of
      prostaglandins in kidney as well as excretion of the substances with urine were
      studied in 45 normotensive rats of Wistar-Kyoto strain. Distinct alterations were
      observed in the kidney prostaglandin system, which directly or via other hormonal
      systems (renin-angiotensin, antidiuretic hormone of hypophysis) caused the
      corresponding shifts in the water-electrolyte balance.

PMID- 3400200
TI  - [Lysosomal hydrolase activity of the rat liver, spleen and thymus during
      antigenic stimulation and vitamin B6 deficiency].
AB  - Activity of cathepsins A, B, C and D and protein half-life T1/2 in rat liver,
      spleen and thymus tissues, content of antibody-producing cells in spleen, titer
      of antibodies and the complement activity were studied after antigen stimulation
      accompanied by vitamin B6 deficiency. Deficiency of vitamin B6 caused a distinct
      decrease in immune response and in activation of thiol-dependent proteinases in
      thymus, while the enzymatic activity was lowered in liver tissue. At the same
      time, the protein T1/2 was increased by 39% in liver tissue and decreased by 36%
      in thymus. These data suggest the importance of lysosomal thiol-dependent
      proteinases in immunogenesis.

PMID- 3400201
TI  - [Characteristics of glucose and lactate oxidation in the myocardium at different
      stages of mitral stenosis].
AB  - Content of glucose, lactate, pyruvate and cAMP was estimated in biopsy from left
      atrium of 120 patients with the III and IV degree of mitral valve stenosis.
      Content of 14CO2, developed after incubation of myocardium homogenates with
      labelled substrates--glucose, glucose-I-phosphate, glucose-6-phosphate,
      succinate, lactate, was also measured. In patients with the IV degree of mitral
      valve stenosis concentration of carbohydrates and cAMP was decreased in
      myocardium as compared with those of patients with the III degree of the disease,
      whereas consumption of labelled glucose, lactate and succinate was increased.
      Estimation of the oxidation rate of glucose phosphorylated derivatives enabled to
      suggest that main part of glucose carbon was involved in reactions of the Krebs
      cycle. At the same time, a decrease in the content of carbohydrate substrates in
      myocardium of patients with the IV degree of the stenosis occurred due to
      elevated rate of these substrates oxidation. The data obtained suggest that
      adaptation reactions to hemodynamic impairments were responsible for dissimilar
      character of glucose and lactate metabolism in myocardium of patients with
      various degree of mitral valve stenosis.

PMID- 3400202
TI  - [Effect of colostrum on the enzymatic function of the liver in patients with
      multiple sclerosis].

PMID- 3400203
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of various neurological syndromes of the small pelvis].

PMID- 3400204
TI  - [A device for catheterization hysterosalpingography].

PMID- 3400205
TI  - [Borderline mental disorders in men with sexual dysfunctions].

PMID- 3400206
TI  - [Affectivity of patients with paranoid schizophrenia].

PMID- 3400207
TI  - [Pulmonary emphysema in dust-induced bronchitis in workers in the machine
      building industry].

PMID- 3400208
TI  - [Effect of atmospheric air pollution on children's health].

PMID- 3400209
TI  - [Cardiovascular disorders in adolescents with viral hepatitis].

PMID- 3400211
TI  - [Sequelae of bites of humans by wolves with rabies].

PMID- 3400212
TI  - [Advanced training of neuropathologists in geriatric neurology].

PMID- 3400210
TI  - [Excretion of hydrogen ions and uric acid by the kidneys in patients with urate
      nephrolithiasis].

PMID- 3400213
TI  - [Clinical characteristics of somatosexual disorders in adolescents living in a
      region of endemic goiter].

PMID- 3400214
TI  - [A case of hypothyroidism associated with the galactorrhea-amenorrhea syndrome].

PMID- 3400216
TI  - [Seasonal nature of the exacerbation of peptic ulcer].

PMID- 3400215
TI  - [Histotopographic ratio of gastric mucosa cells in patients with peptic ulcer
      after treatment].

PMID- 3400217
TI  - [Changes in gastric function in patients with bleeding duodenal ulcer].

PMID- 3400218
TI  - [The condition of the liver, biliary tract and pancreas in peptic ulcer].

PMID- 3400219
TI  - [Characteristics of the bile-excretory function of the liver in patients after
      cholecystectomy].

PMID- 3400220
TI  - [Immune complexes and immunoglobulins of the blood serum in diseases of the
      hepatobiliary system].

PMID- 3400221
TI  - [Use of helium-neon laser in the complex treatment of chronic colitis].

PMID- 3400222
TI  - [Effect of the size and location of myocardial infarction on the regulation of
      cardiac activity].

PMID- 3400223
TI  - [The Q-T interval in patients with myocardial infarction].

PMID- 3400224
TI  - [Effect of verapamil on the relaxation function of the heart in patients with
      stenocardia].

PMID- 3400225
TI  - [The preventive background as an integrative program of mass curative measures
      for the healthy population].

PMID- 3400226
TI  - [Microcirculatory hemostasis and rheological properties of the blood in
      peripheral and coronary arteriosclerosis].

PMID- 3400228
TI  - [Indicators of the rheological properties of the blood and hemostasis in patients
      with hypertension].

PMID- 3400227
TI  - [Characteristics of nutrition of elderly patients with arteriosclerosis].

PMID- 3400229
TI  - [Clinical manifestations of hypertension in relation to various types of
      hemodynamics].

PMID- 3400230
TI  - [Systemic hemodynamics in surgically treated patients with mitral stenosis and
      atrial fibrillation before and after restoration of sinus rhythm].

PMID- 3400231
TI  - [Large granule-containing lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of healthy
      persons].

PMID- 3400232
TI  - [Effect of hydrocortisone on the morphofunctional properties of peripheral blood
      erythrocytes].

PMID- 3400233
TI  - [A modified method of determining the level of total protein as a screening
      test].

PMID- 3400234
TI  - [Use of riboxin in the complex treatment of patients with acute pneumonia].

PMID- 3400236
TI  - [Microbiological examination of the sputum of patients with chronic bronchitis].

PMID- 3400235
TI  - [Anti-recurrence treatment of patients with chronic bronchitis].

PMID- 3400237
TI  - [A case of Goodpasture's syndrome].

PMID- 3400238
TI  - [A case of Lyell's syndrome caused by injection of streptomycin].

PMID- 3400239
TI  - [Hereditary-familial forms of facial nerve lesions].

PMID- 3400240
TI  - [Characteristics of the clinical manifestations of multiple traumatic
      intracranial hematoma].

PMID- 3400241
TI  - [Radical prostatectomy in the treatment of prostatic cancer. Perineal and
      transpubic methods].
AB  - This paper presents a report on 49 patients with prostatic cancer stages A-C
      (pT1NxMo-pT3Nx-1Mo) treated by radical prostatectomy. 32 patients were operated
      on perineally without preliminary lymph staging and 17 patients by the transpubic
      method after pelvic lymph staging. No death occurred perioperationaly in either
      group. Early complications were seen in 22% of cases after the perineal method
      and in 12% after the transpubic method; the incidence of late complications was
      virtually the same in both groups (22% and 23%) and the rate of incontinence was
      also similar (22% and 18%). The 5 year survival rate was 92% and the 10 year
      survival rate was 67%. On the basis of these results we feel that radical
      prostatectomy, especially incorporating the most recent modifications to retain
      continence and potency, represents the treatment of choice in early stages of
      prostatic cancer and, indeed, even in stage C cases.

PMID- 3400242
TI  - Progress symposium--management of skeletal and soft tissue sarcomas.

PMID- 3400243
TI  - The role of the pathologist in the management of soft tissue sarcomas.

PMID- 3400245
TI  - Upper and lower limb disarticulation in soft tissue and bone sarcomas.

PMID- 3400244
TI  - The role of hyperthermic perfusion as a first step in the treatment of soft
      tissue sarcoma of the extremities.

PMID- 3400246
TI  - Hyperthermic isolation perfusion of the limbs with cytostatics after surgical
      excision of sarcomas.

PMID- 3400247
TI  - The economics of general thromboembolic prophylaxis.

PMID- 3400248
TI  - Results of gastric resection for carcinoma of the stomach: the European
      experience.

PMID- 3400249
TI  - A statistical evaluation of advancement in gastric cancer surgery with special
      reference to the significance of lymphadenectomy for cure.

PMID- 3400251
TI  - Surgical management of large paraesophageal hernia with complete intrathoracic
      stomach.

PMID- 3400252
TI  - Does emergency endoscopy help to select patients with bleeding gastroduodenal
      ulcers for surgery?

PMID- 3400250
TI  - Effect of pancreatitis on moxalactam excretion in pancreatic fluids of dogs and
      man.

PMID- 3400253
TI  - Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm: mortality, prognostic factors, and long-term
      survival.

PMID- 3400255
TI  - Clinical management of lymphomas.

PMID- 3400254
TI  - Whooping cough in a remote area of Mexico.

PMID- 3400256
TI  - Newborn screening for sickle cell disease and other abnormal hemoglobins.

PMID- 3400257
TI  - Why medical students become medical students.

PMID- 3400258
TI  - Apologetic medicine.

PMID- 3400259
TI  - Medicine on television: fact, fiction, or both?

PMID- 3400260
TI  - Loss prevention corner: common mistakes in medical liability suits.

PMID- 3400262
TI  - Surgeons and AIDS.

PMID- 3400261
TI  - AIDS prevention.

PMID- 3400264
TI  - Blue book 1988.

PMID- 3400263
TI  - Medical directors and administrators.

PMID- 3400265
TI  - Incidence of a subclinical fascioliasis on antipyrine clearance and metabolite
      excretion in sheep.
AB  - 1. The pharmacokinetics of i.v. antipyrine (25 mg/kg) used as a model compound,
      were determined in young male sheep, before and each month after an oral
      infestation by 150 metacercariae of Fasciola hepatica, and 8 weeks following a
      flukicidal treatment. 2. The parasitic pathology was ascertained by the clinical
      observation of animals and the increase in plasma antibodies directed against
      liver flukes. 3. A significant decrease in the total plasma clearance of the drug
      occurred by week 4 to 16, and a 1.7 fold increase in mean residence time occurred
      by week 12 post-infection. 4. Urinary excretion of antipyrine metabolites was
      determined before and 8 weeks following the infestation. 4-Hydroxyantipyrine was
      the major urinary metabolite and its excretion was decreased by 30% in infected
      sheep, whereas there was no change in the excretion of norantipyrine, 3
      hydroxymethylantipyrine or unmetabolized drug. 5. It is concluded that the
      impairment of antipyrine clearance in the course of fascioliasis could be related
      to the decrease in liver microsomal cytochrome P-450-dependent mono-oxygenases
      observed in sheep with a similar parasitic burden.

PMID- 3400266
TI  - Ethosuximide disposition kinetics in rats.
AB  - 1. Single and multiple dose disposition kinetics of ethosuximide were studied in
      male Sprague-Dawley rats following intravenous administration. 2. The plasma
      disappearance of a single 35 mg/kg dose followed for 75 h was not linear. A dose
      ranging study suggested that the apparent non-linearity of ethosuximide's plasma
      disappearance might be due to enzyme induction over time with the drug exhibiting
      a faster elimination from 24 h onward. 3. Ethosuximide, after only two daily
      doses of 35 mg/kg/day, shortened pentobarbital-induced sleep in rats. The
      clearance of ethosuximide was also significantly faster after four daily 35 mg/kg
      doses than after a single 35 mg/kg dose. 4. Single sample clearance estimates
      calculated from ethosuximide concentrations prior to enzyme induction, viz. up to
      24 h post-dose, were practically identical to multiple sample clearance values.
      Both single and multiple sample clearances were calculated assuming linear rather
      than non-linear elimination.

PMID- 3400267
TI  - The enterohepatic circulation of perhexiline metabolites in the male Wistar rat.
AB  - 1. The biliary excretion of some perhexiline metabolites has been assessed in
      male Wistar rats with biliary cannulation. 2. After intragastric administration
      of perhexiline maleate (2 mg/kg body weight) multiple perhexiline metabolites
      were detected in bile. 3. When aliquots of this metabolite-laden bile were
      administered intraduoduodenally to further 'recipient' rats with biliary
      cannulation, similar metabolites were detected in the bile of these rats, but at
      reduced concentrations equivalent to 30-35% of those present in the bile of
      'donor' rats. 4. These findings indicate that in the male Wistar rat, there may
      be substantial enterohepatic circulation of some perhexiline metabolites.

PMID- 3400268
TI  - Disposition of the plant phenol ellagic acid in the mouse following oral
      administration by gavage.
AB  - 1. The absorption, distribution and elimination of 3H-ellagic acid, a putative
      antimutagen and anticarcinogen, was studied in male Swiss-Webster mice following
      oral administration. 2. Levels of 3H-ellagic acid were highest in blood 30 min
      after administration, in urine and bile 120 min post-administration, and in
      liver, lung and kidney 15 min after administration [corrected]. 3. Free ellagic
      acid and its conjugates were present in urine, bile and blood. H.p.l.c. analysis
      of the organic solvent extracts of urine, bile and blood indicated the presence
      of four metabolites in urine, two in blood and one in bile. 4. Sulphate ester,
      glucuronide and glutathione conjugates of ellagic acid were present in urine,
      bile and blood. H.p.l.c. analysis of organic solvent extracts after aryl
      sulphatase or beta-glucuronidase treatment showed that ellagic acid was the major
      component present. 5. Absorption of 3H-ellagic acid occurred mostly within two
      hours after oral administration. Levels in blood, bile and tissues were low and
      almost all of the absorbed dose was excreted in urine. 6. More than 53% of the
      orally administered 3H-ellagic acid remained in the gastrointestinal tract at 24
      h. Approximately 19% was excreted in faeces and 22% in urine at 24 h. 7. Of the
      24 h faecal radioactivity 93% was extractable into organic solvents and more than
      80% of this fraction was free ellagic acid. Only one metabolite was found in
      faeces.

PMID- 3400269
TI  - Studies on the metabolism and excretion of benzyl isothiocyanate in man.
AB  - 1. Both after ingestion of benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC), a compound with
      antibacterial properties, and after consumption of garden cress known to contain
      BITC, the metabolite N-acetyl-S-(N-benzylthiocarbamoyl)-L-cysteine was identified
      in the urine of volunteers by comparative chromatography. 2. The chemical
      structure of the metabolite was confirmed by elemental analysis and by comparison
      of the i.r. and 1H-n.m.r. spectra with those of the synthetic product. 3. On
      average 53.7% of the dose of BITC was excreted as this metabolite by the renal
      route. 4. The metabolite was excreted rapidly, appearing with maximum
      concentrations some 2-6 h after dosing and being essentially complete 10-12 h
      after administration.

PMID- 3400270
TI  - Artifacts in the determination of microsomal xenobiotic N-demethylation in the
      presence of ascorbic acid tris buffer and Nash reagent.
AB  - 1. During investigation of microsomal xenobiotic N-demethylation in the presence
      of ascorbic acid, large increases in apparent enzymic activity were observed. 2.
      Examination of incubation components indicated that a non-enzymic interaction
      between ascorbic acid and Tris buffer, in the presence of acetylacetone and
      ammonium acetate (Nash reagent), was occurring. 3. The resulting chromophore had
      an absorption maximum at 412 nm that coincided with the absorption for the
      chromophore resulting from the interaction of the Nash reagent with the product
      (formaldehyde) of the enzymic reaction. 4. Strict controls of ascorbic acid
      potential chemical interaction with incubation components are required in enzymic
      studies.

PMID- 3400271
TI  - Microsomal metabolism and covalent binding of [3H/14C]-bromobenzene. Evidence for
      quinones as reactive metabolites.
AB  - 1. The metabolism and covalent binding of [3H/14C]bromobenzene has been
      investigated using liver microsomes from untreated and phenobarbital (PB)
      pretreated rats. A model has been developed to relate the observed 3H/14C ratios
      in the covalently bound residues to the type of metabolite (epoxide versus
      quinone) responsible for their formation. 2. With control microsomes metabolism
      was linear for 60 minutes, but with PB microsomes the time course showed a short
      lived burst of rapid metabolism followed by a long phase with an overall rate
      comparable to control. With both types of microsomes covalent binding was
      synchronous with metabolism. 3. The normalized 3H/14C ratios of recovered
      substrate and water-soluble metabolites was 1.0, whereas that of the covalently
      bound material was only 0.5. Such extensive loss of tritium implies that a
      considerable portion of the covalent binding arises from bromobenzene metabolites
      more highly oxidized than an epoxide (e.g. quinones). 4. The normalized 3H/14C
      ratios for bromobenzene metabolites covalently bound to liver proteins in vivo
      (total and microsomal) was the same as with microsomes in vitro (0.5). However,
      for the lung and kidney the 3H/14C ratios were considerably higher (0.71 and
      0.62), indicating that differences between tissues in vivo may be greater than
      between liver microsomes in vitro and in vivo.

PMID- 3400272
TI  - Effects of chemical and enzymic probes on microsomal covalent binding of
      bromobenzene and derivatives. Evidence for quinones as reactive metabolites.
AB  - 1. The chemical reactivity of bromobenzene metabolite(s) responsible for its
      protein covalent binding was investigated by determining the effects of many
      chemical and enzymic probes on the metabolism and covalent binding of [3,5
      3H]bromobenzene with rat liver microsomes in vitro. 2. Classical cytochrome P-450
      enzyme inhibitors decreased both metabolism and binding in parallel, whereas
      scavenging agents for reactive oxygen species and free radicals exhibited little
      or no effect. Sulphur nucleophiles were extremely efficient in decreasing binding
      with little or no effect on metabolism. Reducing agents such as ascorbate and
      diaphorase decreased binding slightly more than metabolism. 3. UDP-Glucuronic
      acid inhibited neither metabolism nor binding, but all three mono-bromophenols
      decreased binding more than metabolism. Trichloropropene oxide was unique in
      decreasing metabolism more than binding. 4. The effects of ascorbate,
      glutathione, bisulphite and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) on metabolism and
      binding of five ortho-substituted bromobenzene derivatives (o-BrC6H4X; X = OCH3,
      CH3, Br, CF3, and CN) were similar to their effects on the metabolism and binding
      of bromobenzene. 5. Collectively these results support a major role for quinones
      as the reactive metabolites responsible for the majority of the protein covalent
      binding of bromobenzene and its ortho-substituted derivatives in microsomal
      systems in vitro.

PMID- 3400273
TI  - Biophysical and catalytic properties of the phenobarbital p-hydroxylase--a
      cytochrome P-450 dependent mixed function oxidase.
AB  - 1. A sensitive method to detect and quantify the products of phenobarbital (PB)
      hydroxylation by model chemical systems and by biological systems has been
      developed. 2. Chemical model systems hydroxylate PB in the p-position of the
      phenyl ring and form one or two additional oxidation products, while in vitro and
      in vivo (bile fistula rats) biological systems hydroxylate PB only in the p
      position. 3. Phenobarbital hydroxylation rates in vitro are of the order of 0.007
      nmol/nmol cytochrome P-450 per min. These values are decreased by pretreatment of
      the rats with inducing doses of phenobarbital. 4. Enzymes catalysing the p
      hydroxylation reaction of phenobarbital are localized in the microsomes and have
      the biophysical and chemical properties that are usually associated with
      cytochrome P-450-dependent mixed function oxidases.

PMID- 3400274
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of rolipram in the rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys, the rat and
      the rabbit. Studies on species differences.
AB  - 1. The pharmacokinetics of rolipram were studied in rat, rabbit, rhesus monkey
      and cynomolgus monkey using 14C- or 3H-labelled rolipram and a radioimmunoassay
      for measurement of unchanged drug. 2. Rolipram was rapidly and completely
      absorbed after oral doses of up to 50 mg/kg. Bioavailability was 0.1% in rhesus
      monkey, 3.7% in cynomolgus monkey, 3.6% in rabbit, 35% in rat, and 75% in man. 3.
      Rolipram was able to pass the blood-brain barrier achieving concentrations in
      brain twice those in plasma. 4. Plasma levels of the unchanged drug declined with
      a similar half-life of 1-3 h in all species investigated. In the rat, there were
      indications for a different clearance of the two rolipram enantiomers. 5.
      Labelled rolipram was excreted rapidly and completely. The main route of
      elimination was via the urine.

PMID- 3400275
TI  - Disposition of (-)-fenfluramine and its active metabolite, (-)-norfenfluramine in
      rat: a single dose-proportionality study.
AB  - 1. The disposition of (-)-fenfluramine, (-)-F, was studied in rats after i.v. and
      oral administration (1.25 to 12.5 mg/kg). Whole blood-to-plasma ratio and the
      protein binding (determined by equilibrium dialysis) of the compound and its main
      active metabolite, (-)-norfenfluramine (-)-NF, were investigated. 2. The bound
      fraction of both compounds (about 40%) was constant in the concentration range of
      1-10 nmol/ml. The whole blood to plasma concentration ratios of (-)-F and (-)-NF
      were larger than unity and were constant over this dose range. 3. The drug
      followed apparent first-order kinetics, at doses up to 6.25 mg/kg. The mean half
      lives of the parent drug and its metabolite were about 1 and 12 h respectively.
      The volume of distribution of (-)-F was large and total body clearance approached
      liver blood flow. 4. Oral doses were rapidly absorbed from the rat
      gastrointestinal tract. Bioavailability of the drug was about 20%. Urinary
      excretion of unchanged drug (3-4% of dose) and its metabolite (about 20%) were
      similar after i.v. and oral administration. 5. After larger doses (12.5 mg/kg)
      the kinetics of (-)-F were nonlinear. The AUC increased, but not in proportion to
      the dose, and kinetic parameters were modified. 6. Brain concentrations reflected
      the dose-related changes observed in (-)-F and (-)-NF blood concentrations, and
      patterns of brain distribution and subcellular localization of the drug and its
      metabolite were modified at the highest dose tested.

PMID- 3400276
TI  - Enhanced faecal excretion of 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran in rats by a long
      term treatment with activated charcoal beads.
AB  - 1. The effect of activated charcoal beads on the faecal excretion of 2,3,4,7,8
      pentachlorodibenzofuran (PenCDF), a causal agent of yusho, which accumulates in
      the body, was studied for 12 weeks in rats. 2. Diets supplemented with 1% and 5%
      activated charcoal beads stimulated faecal excretion of PenCDF about 2- and 4
      fold, respectively. The concentration of PenCDF in liver, the major storage site,
      was decreased significantly and dose-dependently by the treatment. 3. The
      charcoal bead treatment decreased the extent of fatty liver, thymic atrophy, and
      induction of hepatic benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase.

PMID- 3400277
TI  - Human dose-excretion studies with pyrethroid insecticides cypermethrin and
      alphacypermethrin: relevance for biological monitoring.
AB  - 1. Dose-excretion studies with cypermethrin (as a 1:1 cis/trans mixture) and
      alphacypermethrin (one of the two disastereoisomer pairs which constitute cis
      cypermethrin) were carried out with, in each case, two volunteers per dose level.
      The studies included (a) single oral alphacypermethrin doses of 0.25 mg, 0.50 mg
      and 0.75 mg followed by repeated alphacypermethrin doses at the same levels,
      daily for five days, (b) repeated oral cypermethrin doses of 0.25 mg, 0.75 mg and
      1.5 mg daily for five days, and (c) a single dermal application of 25 mg
      cypermethrin to the forearm. Urine was monitored for the free and conjugated 3
      (2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid before and after
      dosing. 2. Metabolism and rate of excretion of a single oral dose of
      alphacypermethrin was similar to that of cis cypermethrin, on average, 43% of the
      dose was excreted as the cyclopropanecarboxylic acid in the first 24 h urine.
      There was no increase in urinary metabolite excretion when alphacypermethrin was
      administered as a repeated oral dose. Subjects excreted, on average, 49% of the
      dose as the cyclopropanecarboxylic acid in the subsequent 24 h periods after
      dosing. 3. There was no increase in the urinary cyclopropanecarboxylic acid
      excretion when cypermethrin was administered as a repeated oral dose. Subjects
      excreted, on average, 72% of the trans isomer dose and 45% of the cis isomer dose
      respectively in the subsequent 24 h periods after dosing. 4. Approximately 0.1%
      of the applied dermal dose of 25 mg cypermethrin was excreted within 72 h as the
      urinary cyclopropanecarboxylic acid. No conclusions can be drawn from such
      urinary excretion data as to the concentration of cypermethrin and its
      metabolites in the skin or other organs, or the possibility of other routes of
      metabolism or excretion.

PMID- 3400278
TI  - [Where one dies].

PMID- 3400279
TI  - [Diagnostic value of eosinophilia in respiratory secretions of children with
      chronic nonspecific diseases of the respiratory organs].

PMID- 3400280
TI  - [Causes, incidence and course of trochlear nerve paralysis].

PMID- 3400281
TI  - [An unusual form of self mutilation caused by the incorporation of a needle into
      the heart (case report)].

PMID- 3400282
TI  - [Development of public health in Ethiopia].

PMID- 3400283
TI  - [Status of graduate and continuing education in emergency medicine for
      specialists in general medicine and surgery].

PMID- 3400284
TI  - [Diagnosis and therapy of duodenal ulcer].

PMID- 3400285
TI  - [Immunoglobulin content in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in sarcoidosis].
AB  - The amount of albumins and immunoglobulins in the broncho-alveolar lavage fluid
      of sarcoidosis patients were measured and correlated with cellular activity
      parameters in sarcoidosis. It could be shown that IgG and IgA, related to
      albumin, were increased in comparison with serum while the IgM fraction was
      decreased. In general, the highest values of immunoglobulins were found in active
      sarcoidosis.

PMID- 3400286
TI  - [Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)--a diagnostic method in chronic nonspecific
      bronchopulmonary diseases in childhood. 1. Implementation and tolerance].
AB  - While the effectiveness of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in pediatric therapy has
      been recognized for years, there are hardly any data on its usefulness in
      diagnosis, its performance and compatibility in childhood. After 123
      bronchological investigations including BAL on 118 children in the age of three
      months through 16 years, with lavage fluid amounts between 40 and 160 ml, febrile
      reactions occurred in 17 cases (= 13.8%), i.e. no more frequent than in a group
      of 100 children bronchologically investigated but without BAL. After blood gas
      analyses, ECG examinations, blood pressure readings the compatibility of BAL
      turned out to be good in children of every age. Bronchography pictures after BAL
      were not reduced in quality, atelectasis formation occurred rarely.

PMID- 3400287
TI  - Transbronchial lung biopsy in diffuse pulmonary disease.
AB  - Transbronchial lung biopsy (TBB) was performed via the fibreoptic bronchoscope in
      243 patients with bilateral diffuse pulmonary shadows. Histological diagnosis was
      established in 54.4%. The highest diagnostic yield was obtained in sarcoidosis
      (73.7%), the lowest in the group of cases denoted "fibrosis" (38.7%). Statistical
      analysis did not allow to establish the optimal number to be taken at a single
      procedure but it showed that the probability of obtaining the diagnosis in
      sarcoidosis was 2.6% at the first specimen taken, while in fibrosis it was nul at
      the first and at the second specimen. The overall diagnostic yield was related to
      the number of cases of sarcoidosis in the material examined. Among 138 cases
      examined in 1984-1986, in 80 the initial biopsy failed to establish the
      diagnosis; in 28 of them the procedure was repeated, and positive results were
      obtained in 60.7% thus increasing significantly diagnostic yield. An attempt to
      correlate the TBB findings with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) showed that BAL was
      a valuable diagnostic factor. No major complications occurred.

PMID- 3400288
TI  - [Complications in endoscopic and endoscopic biopsy studies--analysis of a 1-year
      patient sample].
AB  - We report on a prospective study of complications in 2,133 bronchoscopies, 61
      transthoracic lung biopsies, 32 mediastinoscopies and 6 thoracoscopies, performed
      between 1985 and 1986. There were no deaths or life threatening complications.
      The total rate of essential complications, e.g. pneumothorax, haemorrhage,
      laryngospasm, and bronchospasm of all patients with bronchoscopies was 10.5%.
      Excluding small endobronchial haemorrhages, without influence on the patients
      state or endoscopic procedures the final rate of complications was 1.9%.

PMID- 3400289
TI  - [Morphologic studies in fibrosing alveolitis. I. Content of alveolar macrophages
      and lymphocytes in lung parenchyma in correlation with the duration of the
      disease].
AB  - In 50 patients with fibrosing alveolitis the content of lymphocytes and alveolar
      macrophages was semiquantitatively estimated and correlated to the duration of
      the disease. Increasing duration of the disease was correlated with a decrease of
      the content of lymphocytes and macrophages. The findings demonstrate close
      correlations between the duration of the disease and the infiltration of lung
      tissue with macrophages and lymphocytes.

PMID- 3400290
TI  - [Animal experiment studies of morphologic changes in the trachea and lung in high
      frequency ventilation].
AB  - Prolonged high frequency ventilation (24 hrs) in dogs leads to morphological
      changes in the trachea as well as in the bronchi. Erosive changes of tracheal
      epithelium were observed whereas small bronchi and bronchioli exhibited luminal
      obstructions by mucus plugs, caused by hypersecretion of goblet cells. Using
      histochemical methods degenerative changes of bronchiolar epithelium were
      observed.

PMID- 3400291
TI  - [Effects of the argon laser on bronchial tumor tissue].
AB  - Argon-ion lasers emit blue-green light, transmittable via fiber for endoscopic
      tumour therapy and coagulation of small vessels. Effective tumour vaporization
      could be performed in native biopsy specimens using cw-Argon laser with adjusted
      power and application time. Tissue colour and vascularity influence the laser
      effect.

PMID- 3400292
TI  - [Expanded thoracic use of the laser].
AB  - Using conventional lasers authors create diagnostic and therapeutic thoracoscopic
      procedures for improvement of present spectrum of pulmonary therapy.
      Transthoracal punction for insertion of laser fibre and integral photoradiation
      therapy of pleural tumors are described as new therapeutic laser methods.

PMID- 3400293
TI  - [Determination of bronchial reactivity by inhalation administration of cold air
      and pharmacologically active substances].
AB  - The indications for testing of nonspecific bronchial reactivity and the factors
      influencing the airway responsiveness are presented. In order to achieve a better
      quantification of airway responsiveness two new techniques are shortly reviewed:
      1. Estimation of accumulative dose by using a combined method of bronchial
      provocation and simultaneous measurement of airway resistance and 2. Eucapnic
      cold airway hyperventilation, especially in suspected clinical cases of exercise
      induced asthma.

PMID- 3400294
TI  - [Selected research results on the subject of pathophysiology 1985. Proceedings of
      the 63d meeting of the Working Group on the Pathophysiology of Breathing of the
      Society of Pathology and Clinical Physiology and the East German Society of
      Bronchopneumonology and Tuberculosis. Berlin-Buch, 1 July 1986].

PMID- 3400295
TI  - [Bronchoalveolar lavage--BAL].

PMID- 3400296
TI  - [Assessment of prognosis with Markov chains in chronic cardiovascular diseases in
      relation to various therapies].
AB  - On the basis of 5-years intervention results concerning chronic heart and vessel
      diseases of a check, which is representative for approx. 280.000 inhabitants of
      defined territories (EBMO-Cor Berlin), the prognose for the time of 5 and 10
      years were estimated. It refers to ambulantories with the diagnosis hypertension
      and coronary heart disease, who were treated in a different way. The fundamental
      idea was to extract a prognostic index to make possible a choice of the
      treatment, adequate to the specific disease and its severe degrees, free of
      chance. The basic requirement of the application of the "Markoff-model" was the
      evidence of homogeneity concerning transition of severe degrees, used as
      reference, which was proved by means of the 2-k-chi 2-Felder-test. By using a
      starting vector of 1000 patients in each case inquiries about the distribution to
      the severe degrees had been made. The so achieved results illustrate a therapy
      dependent susceptibility of these (morphologically defined) population suffering
      from a heart disease and allow a forecast, estimated also for a longer period,
      about the extent of the transition of a respecting and with the possibilities of
      the outpatient practice defined severe degrees of a heart and circulation disease
      and with that about chance and risk of a patient. By means of the epidemiological
      reference of the study the result gains special importance for outpatient
      practice.

PMID- 3400297
TI  - [Exogenous allergic alveolitis in a fruit refrigeration worker].
AB  - The causes for an exogenic allergic alveolitis are very multifarious. On the
      basis of a casuistics is referred to the development of such a disease by the
      contact with fruit mould in cold-storage plants.

PMID- 3400298
TI  - [Fetal functional atrioventricular blocks in pregnancies at risk].
AB  - Because antepartal and subpartal CTG monitoring is now widespread, fetal cardiac
      arrhythmias are being diagnosed ever more frequently. In a high-risk group of 148
      pregnancies with placental insufficiency and preterm births, 14 CTGs manifested a
      rigid rectangular pattern, with alternating normal-frequency and slightly
      bradycardial cycles. The change in frequency occurred suddenly. All the children
      of the high-risk group were delivered by cesarean section and weighed less than
      2500 g at birth. There is no description in the literature of similar CTG curves
      with sligthly bradycardial phases. However, there are some descriptions of cases
      of fetal AV blocks with severe bradycardias. These frequently occur in
      combination with fetal cardiac abnormalities and collagenoses of the mother. In
      the present authors' group these underlying conditions were not diagnosed. The
      fixed numerical ratio of the output frequency to slight bradycardia in the CTGs
      described here supports the tentative diagnosis of an atrioventricular conduction
      disorder, with relatively high conduction from the atrium to the ventricle. Since
      the arrhythmias did not continue in the newborns post partum it may be assumed
      that they were functional events. Birthweight, Apgar score, and the placental
      weight of the 14 births with the rectangular CTG curve described were lower than
      in the control group, i.e., the other 134 births. The CTG patterns described
      appear to have been caused by a chronic supply deficiency, resulting in
      functional AV conduction disorders. This CTG course should therefore be reason
      enough for intensive fetal monitoring.

PMID- 3400299
TI  - [Fetal movement and heart acceleration behavior in eutrophic and hypotrophic
      fetuses in the 36th to 40th week of pregnancy].
AB  - By means of combined ultrasonic and cardiographic monitoring, the movement and
      acceleration behaviours of 44 eutrophic fetuses were compared to those of 19
      fetuses with body weights between the 6th and 10th weight percentiles according
      to Kyank and to 21 fetuses with body weight not greater than the 5th weight
      percentile. The eutrophic fetuses moved more frequently and--related to 10
      minutes examination time--over longer total periods than did the fetuses with
      intrauterine growth retardation. The longest mean duration of isolated fetal
      movement, however, was observed in the hypotrophic fetuses. With regard to fetal
      resting and activity stages, the highest percentage (10%) of fetal resting stages
      was found in the fetuses less than or equal to the 5th weight percentile. 93% of
      all accelerations in fetal heart rate obviously resulted from fetal movements,
      duration and amplitude of the accelerations depending on the duration of fetal
      movements. The degree of heart rate responses to fetal movements was different in
      the three groups examined. Standard weight fetuses responded most intensively.
      The percentage of fetal movements resulting in accelerations was highest (76%) in
      the group of the eutrophic fetuses as well. The mean duration of acceleration was
      most marked in the group of fetuses less than or equal to the 5th weight
      percentile (32.8 sec) and so was the mean acceleration amplitude in the
      normotrophic fetuses (19.7 bpm). Decelerations following accelerations in fetal
      heart rate did not differ in the three groups examined with regard to their
      number, amplitude and duration.

PMID- 3400300
TI  - [Effect of risk factors on premature labor and neonatal condition following
      delivery].
AB  - The influence of risk factors on the course of pregnancy in cases of preterm
      delivery, and on the mortality and morbidity of the premature infants, was
      investigated in a retrospective study. Data of 574 patients who bore children
      weighing under 2500 g between 1976 and 1986, and of a control group of 574
      patients who gave birth during the same period to infants weighing over 2500 g
      were statistically analyzed. In the preterm population there was a significantly
      higher incidence of previous treatment for sterility, repeated miscarriages and
      prior preterm births. Smoking doubles the risk of preterm birth. Pathologic Apgar
      scores and acidosis morbidity were found significantly more frequently among
      mothers who smoked. The mortality and morbidity of the neonate depend on its
      birthweight and the duration of pregnancy. A considerably better prognosis may be
      expected if the infant weighs over 2000 g and is born after the 32nd week of
      gestation.

PMID- 3400301
TI  - [Condylomata acuminata and mode of delivery].
AB  - Condyloma acuminatum is a widespread infectious disease which can be sexually
      transmitted. The virus responsible for this condition belongs to the family
      Papovaviridae. At onset of the disease small wart-shaped papules are found, which
      multiply to form a cauliflower-like or cockscomb-like mass. The present paper
      describes three caes in which cesarean section was performed because of severe
      genital invasion by condylomata acuminata. Eight weeks after delivery, there was
      a spontaneous regression of the condition in all three patients. So far no
      indication of a papillomavirus infection has been seen in any of the three female
      children at regular pediatric check-ups. Three additional therapeutic
      possibilities during pregnancy are described: electrocauterization, CO2 laser
      therapy, and cryotherapy. The efficacy of these types of therapy is discussed
      with reference to the literature. The goal of therapy is to prevent the newborn
      from contracting the disease by infection with papillomavirus in the birth canal.

PMID- 3400302
TI  - Disquieting parallels suggest stealing a march.

PMID- 3400303
TI  - For rash of AIDS bills, no rash action.

PMID- 3400305
TI  - [Life style and health].

PMID- 3400304
TI  - Abdominal pain and fever.

PMID- 3400306
TI  - [The concept of human "health"].

PMID- 3400307
TI  - [Biological and social aspects of man and the mechanism of their interactions].

PMID- 3400308
TI  - [Development of medical theory as a scientific problem].

PMID- 3400309
TI  - [The role of public health under conditions of intensified socio-economic
      development of the country].

PMID- 3400310
TI  - [The problem of personality in contemporary medicine (methodological aspect)].

PMID- 3400311
TI  - [Understanding and interpretation and their methodological role in medicine].

PMID- 3400312
TI  - [A new methodological approach as the basis of further progress in clinical
      medicine].

PMID- 3400314
TI  - [Problems of stress, adaptation and acute pathology in sports].

PMID- 3400313
TI  - [Homeopathy and contemporary medicine].

PMID- 3400315
TI  - [A model of "blind" selection in the evaluation of comparative effectiveness of
      methods of treatment in clinical practice].

PMID- 3400316
TI  - [The low-frequency EEG component in the healthy subject and its changes as
      affected by acutely developing foci at the level of the diencephalon and brain
      stem structures].
AB  - The data are given of the analysis of the low-frequency EEG component (LF EEG-
      0.2--2.0 Hz) of 34 healthy subjects and 36 patients examined in dynamics in the
      acute period after operations: ablation of a tumour localized at the level of the
      diencephalon and the level of the brainstem. The LF EEGs were analyzed by a
      special program: auto- and crosscorrelation functions and power spectra were
      estimated. In the norm LF EEGs were characterized by mosaics, various frequencies
      and periodicity in various cortical areas, they appeared with interhemispheric
      asymmetry, depended on the EEG type--dominance or lack of the alpha-rhythm. In
      patients in the post-operative period the LF EEGs were changed; in favourable
      terminations, at first the period of oscillations and the coefficient of
      correlation increased, then they tended to normalization. In unfavourable
      terminations, with gross pathological foci in these areas, the LF EEGs acquired a
      synchronized character, with a higher frequency than in the norm.

PMID- 3400317
TI  - [The effect of masking in the human subject on the solving of a visual-spatial
      task].
AB  - Images of two fragments of regular geometrical figures (square, triangle etc.)
      have been presented to 58 healthy persons successively with intervals of 20, 80,
      120 and 380 ms. The subject must compare these fragments mentally, decide whether
      they form the standard figure and press a button by the right or left hand
      according to the instruction. At presentation of both fragments in one visual
      field, left or right, the number of correct responses is greater when they form
      the figure. The greater the interstimulus intervals, the greater the number of
      correct responses to stimuli forming and not forming the standard figure. At
      presentation of fragments in different visual fields, the number of correct
      decisions is the same, independently from forming the standard figure. The
      reaction time is shorter when exposing fragments forming the figure,
      independently from the way of their presentation; with prolongation of
      interstimulus intervals the reaction time decreases in all cases. The number of
      correct decisions is greater and the reaction time is shorter when the stimuli
      are presented in different visual fields.

PMID- 3400318
TI  - [The psychoacoustic phenomenon of masking level differences in the human subject
      studied by auditory evoked potentials].
AB  - Auditory brainstem responses (ABRs), middle latency responses (MLRs), and slow
      cortical potentials (SCPs) were recorded in normal-hearing adults to trains of
      low-frequency acoustic signals delivered binaurally against a background of a
      continuous masking noise. Two stimulus conditions, labelled as binaural
      homophasic and binaural antiphasic paradigms, respectively, were systematically
      compared. In the homophasic paradigm both the signals and the masker were in
      phase at two ears. In the antiphasic paradigm the signals were 180 degrees out-of
      phase at two ears, while the masker was in-phase. The psychoacoustic release from
      masking in the antiphasic vs. the homophasic paradigm was regularly accompanied
      by an increase in amplitudes and a shortening in peak latencies of the SCPs. In
      contrast, no differences were evidenced between the homophasic and the antiphasic
      paradigms with respect to the ABRs and the MLRs. Considering the generation loci
      of the studied electric responses, it is concluded that the binaural
      psychoacoustic phenomenon, referred to as the masking level difference, is
      operated primarily at the cortical level.

PMID- 3400319
TI  - [Mathematical modelling of the reactivity of analyzer systems during adaptation].
AB  - Information processing has been successfully applied to the prediction of the
      adaptation characteristics of various sensory analyzers. On the basis of
      mathematical treatment of the experimental data available in literature, time
      constant values T and of the limit parameter I infinity required for prediction
      of adaptation course have been obtained. Formula have been derived for
      determining the dependence of these parameters on the luminance and wave-length
      of the light, on the concentration of the solution and the temperature of the
      stimulus. The results of computations are compared with the experimental data
      obtained by various authors.

PMID- 3400320
TI  - [Dynamics of heart rhythm in chimpanzees during the perception of the emotionally
      colored human voice].
AB  - The performed study allowed to observe in two chimpanzees both common and
      individual changes of the heart rate under the action of human voice with
      emotionally positive or negative intonation, as well as under the action of
      preferred (sweet) or rejected (quinine solution) natural stimulus. The common
      property consists in a significant slowing down of the heart rate in response to
      negative vocal signal and rejected natural stimulus and in only slight change of
      the heart rate in response to positive signals. Individual properties comprise
      differences in reactions of the cardiovascular system of both animals to negative
      action: a greater efficiency of the vocal signal for one chimpanzee and of the
      direct (natural) stimulus for the second one.

PMID- 3400321
TI  - [Behavioral characteristics of rhesus monkeys in a multiple-choice environment].
AB  - The present work deals with dynamics of formation of complex alimentary behaviour
      of rhesus monkeys in multialternative environment. A detailed informational
      analysis of the obtained results allowed to reveal the properties of processing
      of proprioceptive information in the course of learning and to understand the
      characteristics of behaviour of the examined monkeys.

PMID- 3400322
TI  - [Spontaneous recovery of precise movement and of the postural fixation of the
      extremities after excision of the somatosensory cortex in dogs].
AB  - The extirpation of the foreleg area in the somatosensory cortex (SI) in dogs was
      performed in order to study the role of this area in motor control of the
      corresponding limb. Stable precise avoidance and escape reactions were
      established before the cortical lesion. Avoidance reactions disappeared during
      the first week after the surgery but then they were gradually restored without
      retraining. At the third weak there was a practically complete recovery of the
      precision of movements, the ability to fix the leg position and of the duration
      of successive phases of the reactions. The conclusion was drawn that the initial
      disturbances of avoidance reactions were most likely the result of diaschisis
      (shock). The initial disturbances of visually guided instrumental movements and
      escape reactions were much weaker than those of avoidance reactions (lifting of
      the foreleg in response to conditioned signal).

PMID- 3400323
TI  - [Self-deprivation of paradoxical sleep in cats].
AB  - The phenomenon of paradoxical sleep (PS) self-deprivation has been detected and
      described. The self-deprivation is acquired just as a classical conditioned
      reflex during enforced PS deprivation both by water tank procedure and by the
      animal's awakenings in response to sensory stimuli or direct electric stimulation
      of activating structures of the midbrain and diencephalon, following the
      transition of slow-wave sleep to PS. In this situation the transition of the
      brain from one physiological state to another is a conditioned signal, and
      sensory stimulation or brain stimulation, resulting in arousal reaction, serves
      as an unconditioned stimulus. It is suggested that the detection and analysis of
      PS self-deprivation are of a great importance, on the one hand, for correct
      understanding of the functional significance of this physiological brain state,
      and, on the other hand, for accurate analysis and assessment of the dissociative
      processes, observed during PS deprivation and postdeprivation period.

PMID- 3400324
TI  - [Temporal structure of the spike trains in the neuronal impulses of the visual
      and sensorimotor areas of the rabbit neocortex during conditioned reflex
      activity].
AB  - Conjugated spikes were singled out from successions of discharges of neurones in
      the rabbit's visual and sensorimotor neocortical areas acting in correlation.
      Their temporal structure was studied at intersignal intervals in transswitching
      of defensive positive and inhibitory conditioned reflexes and also in
      pseudoconditioning. The obtained results testify that conjugated discharges
      appeared for the most part periodically (in the average in 85% of fragments of
      unit activity). At positive and inhibitory conditioned reflexes, the frequency of
      periodical conjugated discharges belonged in most cases to the theta-rhythm
      range. At pseudoconditioning, periodical conjugated discharges were in the main
      of frequencies of delta-range (up to 4 Hz). The obtained results testify about a
      great significance of cortical neurones interaction in theta-range frequency at
      conditioned activity.

PMID- 3400325
TI  - [Rhythmic organization of compulsory swimming and its relation to the behavioral
      characteristics of rats].
AB  - Seconds' biorhythms manifesting themselves during protracted swimming were
      studied in 52 white outbred rats of both sexes. In rats with higher rhythm
      frequency short immobilization periods dominated in swimming. They had shorter
      immobilization time. These rats relearned easier the direction of avoidance
      reaction in Y-maze, were more mobile in the open field, more often washed up,
      more rarely defecated and urinated. The seconds' rhythms may be used for
      evaluation of the ability of animals for adaptation to changing behavioural
      situation.

PMID- 3400326
TI  - [Switching off of granule cells after intrahippocampal injection of colchicine
      eliciting the disappearance of evoked potentials and a deterioration in the
      development of a conditioned avoidance reflex in rats].
AB  - The aim of the work was to study the involvement in the process of learning of
      synapses between the perforant path and granular cells of the hippocampal dentate
      fascia for formation of conditioned reflex (CR) of active avoidance elaborated in
      response to electrostimulation of the perforant path. For solving this task, the
      property was used of the neurotoxin colchicine in a definite concentration to
      abolish selectively the fascia cells. One month after colchicine injection,
      destruction of granular cells was observed, disappearance of the dentate fascia
      focal evoked potentials and considerable deterioration of elaboration of active
      avoidance CRs. Administration of saline solution in control experiments did not
      elicit such changes. The obtained results show the decisive role of entorhinal
      input to the hippocampus in the used learning model.

PMID- 3400327
TI  - [Functional characteristics of the developing brain after early postnatal neural
      immunization in rats: a behavioral analysis].
AB  - In experiments on Wistar line young rats immunized in the early postnatal period
      with antigenic complexes of the nervous tissue of the hippocampus or the
      neocortex of an adult rat, the influence was studied of the change of the
      immunoreactivity to antigenic complexes of these structures on the functional
      brain development. Experimental animals were immunized twice in the age of 5 and
      12 days or daily in the first 7 days of life. Studies of the behaviour of
      experimental and control animals in various situations, beginning from the two
      weeks age, revealed expressed distinctions in the behaviour of animals, immunized
      by the hippocampus antigens: reduction of the capability to change the behaviour
      in changed experimental conditions (two-weeks age), and also a deficit of
      orienting (three weeks age) and conditioned (six weeks age) activities. A raised
      level was found of anticerebral antibodies in 1.5-months animals immunized in the
      early age. Suggestion is expressed about the significance of neuroimmune
      interaction in the mechanisms of the functional brain development.

PMID- 3400328
TI  - [Dependence of the spectrum of electrical activity of the neocortex and
      hippocampus in rabbits on the intensity of the stimulation of the midbrain
      reticular formation].
AB  - Study of dominating spectral maxima in delta-, theta- and alpha-ranges of the
      electrical activity of rabbits' neocortex and hippocampus showed that an increase
      of the frequency of the mesencephalic reticular formation stimulation from 60 to
      200 imp/s led in both structures to an enhancement of the theta-rhythm (up to
      130% in the neocortex and 147% in the hippocampus) and suppression of delta- and
      alpha-activity (correspondingly up to 67 and 34% in the neocortex and 37 and 48%
      in the hippocampus) with subsequent weakening of this effect at frequency
      increase up to 1000 imp/s. In the hippocampus, the reticular stimulation was more
      effective with respect to the theta- and delta-rhythms, and in the neocortex-
      with respect to the alpha-rhythm. In both structures the theta-rhythm amplitude
      changed less than the amplitude of the delta- and alpha-activities. Dependence of
      the amplitude of dominating rhythms on intensity of reticular formation
      stimulation differed from the analogous frequency dependence of the same rhythms.

PMID- 3400329
TI  - [Frequency modulation of theta bursts of the septal neurons in the removal of
      ascending afferent effects in rabbits].
AB  - Medial septal-diagonal band (MS-DB) units were examined extracellularly in
      chronic rabbits under two experimental conditions: 1) in an intact septum, under
      anaesthetic doses of pentobarbital (40 mg/kg, i.v.); 2) in a basally undercut
      septum of unanaesthetized rabbits. The background rhythmic burst activity was
      undistinguishable in both states. Low-frequency electric stimulation of afferent
      inputs (MFB, CA1, LS) led to entrainment of the theta-cycles. The upper limit of
      following was almost normal in the undercut septum, but was strongly reduced
      under pentobarbital. In units with the driving "by pause", the duration of the
      initial silent period under pentobarbital was increased almost twofold but in the
      basally undercut septum it was the same as in the normal state. Some MS-DB units
      with weak or absent theta-modulation reacted to stimulation by stimulus-locked
      single spike discharges which followed up to high frequencies in both conditions.

PMID- 3400330
TI  - [Changes in the bioelectrical activity and temperature of paired brain formations
      in the rabbit in a single ethanol administration].
AB  - In chronic experiments on rabbits, in initial period of single action of ethanol,
      reduction was observed of the dominating frequency of the theta-rhythm and
      synchroneity of summated bioelectrical activity of homotopic zones and
      suppression of EEG manifestation but preservation of parameters of the
      interhemispheric zeta-wave and of temperature asymmetry in the dorsal hippocampus
      in response to electro-cutaneous stimulation. Late period of ethanol action was
      characterized by lowering of the amplitude of superslow activity, its inversion
      in symmetrical areas of the visual neocortex and instability of other parameters.

PMID- 3400332
TI  - [Asymmetry of the motor function in dogs].

PMID- 3400333
TI  - [The effect of chronic administration of aminazine and imipramine on the
      hypothalamic self-stimulation reaction in rabbits].

PMID- 3400331
TI  - [Physiologically adequate experimental model of aggression and emotional stress].
AB  - A simple adequate experimental model of aggression and emotional stress has been
      elaborated, based on mild fixation of rats tails in the cage wall. It is shown
      that in a group of rats, in these conditions a continuous aggressive behaviour
      arises, leading to the development of emotional stress. The elaborated
      experimental model has no defects, characteristic of other models of aggression
      and stress. It demands neither a prolonged training of animals nor special
      expensive equipment; it allows simultaneous use in experiments of a great number
      of animals, creates conditions for natural aggressive-defensive behaviour of rats
      without provoking artificial manipulations. The proposed model allows to study
      the pathogenesis of emotional stress, mechanisms of resistivity and
      predisposition to it and also search and testing of biologically active
      substances, enhancing resistance to emotional stress.

PMID- 3400334
TI  - [The apparatus-program method for separating spike sequences in signals of
      multiple neuron activity].

PMID- 3400335
TI  - [Characteristics of the formation of natural food reflexes in rats of different
      ages and sexes].

PMID- 3400337
TI  - [Behavior of rats of different strains in an experimental model of emotional
      resonance].

PMID- 3400336
TI  - [Binding of 3H-diazepam to the synaptic membranes of the neocortex in rats
      following the elaboration of a 2-way avoidance conditioned reflex].

PMID- 3400339
TI  - [Differences in the lipid composition of the brain of rats of the Krushinskii
      Molodkina strain during an audiogenic seizure attack and in myoclonus].

PMID- 3400338
TI  - [The nature of lapping water and a table-salt solution by rats with gustatory
      deafferentation and adrenalectomy].

PMID- 3400340
TI  - [Effect of a synthetic enkephalin analog (dalargin) on the impulse activity of
      positively reinforcing areas of the hypothalamus in rats].

PMID- 3400342
TI  - [Digital filtration of low-frequency EEG artifacts].

PMID- 3400341
TI  - [Effect of the hemolymph of a trained animal on the reactions of the command
      neurons in the defensive behavior of the edible snail].

PMID- 3400343
TI  - [The origin of chromaffin tissue in vertebrates: the chromaffin cells of
      ascidians].

PMID- 3400344
TI  - [Localization of catecholamines in the nervous system of ascidian larvae].

PMID- 3400346
TI  - [Transplantation of the cell nuclei of the crystalline lens anlage into mouse
      zygotes and the expression of alpha-crystallin genes].

PMID- 3400345
TI  - [The nature of the social relations of male Tryon strain rats (Tryon maze bright
      and Tryon maze dull) assessed by biochemical criteria].

PMID- 3400347
TI  - [Relation between DNA quantity, chromosome number and evolutionary age of the
      most important taxa of bony fishes].

PMID- 3400348
TI  - [The aggressiveness of prostatic cancer in relation to classification and
      grading].
AB  - On 231 autoptical examined prostatic carcinomas it was checked retrospectively if
      a correlation between the metastasizing behaviour and the histological tumor type
      is present. 145 (63%) of the examined cases have been metastasized, of that 106
      (73%) in multiple organs and 39 (27%) in one organ: 18 times in the skeleton
      (12.4%), 13 times in lymph nodes (8.9%), six times in the liver (4.1%) and twice
      in the lung (1.4%). Lymph node metastases were preferably found in the pelvic
      (69%) and paraaortal nodes (78%), at which in 30% of the cases the regional
      groups have been jumped across. The metastasizing behaviour was dependent on the
      histological type and the age of the patient. To an assessment of the prognosis
      the only differentiation of the uniform and the pluriform cancer type is
      insufficiently. The examination of a histological grading, which was proposed by
      the Patho-Urological circle "prostatic cancer" of the FRG, in 104 unselected
      cases on the other hand has shown not only an increasing metastasizing tendency,
      but also an increasing metastasizing thickness and variety with growing
      malignancy grade. This grading represents well the tumor aggressiveness, is
      simple reproducible and should be appreciate to a wide use by pathologists.

PMID- 3400349
TI  - [Lymphogenous metastasis of urinary bladder cancer].
AB  - In 83 patients with locally curable bladder cancer of stage T1-T3 an exploratory
      pelvic lymphadenectomy was performed. The rate of metastases in all patients was
      15.66%. In the analysis of lymphogenous metastasizing routes an obligatory direct
      deposition primarily in the lymph nodes of the obturatorius and/or external group
      with constantly by-passing of the viscero-vesical nodes was found. From this some
      conclusion to a modified technical-tactical approach of the exploratory pelvic
      lymphadenectomy have been done.

PMID- 3400350
TI  - [Reactions of tumorous urinary bladders following local and systemic therapy with
      cytostatic drugs].
AB  - In 22 patients with bladder cancer after local chemotherapy and 13 patients after
      systemic chemotherapy, respectively, multiple biopsy specimens were examined
      histologically. Manifold hyperplastic, inflammatory, dysplastic, metaplastic and
      toxic alterations on the urothel, tumor cells and the lamina propria were found.
      This wide spectrum is the consequence of various etiological factors. On such
      treated cancer bladders the therapy-, age- and TuR-conditioned pathomorphological
      findings are running up with the known panurothelial reactions of a primary tumor
      in the urinary tract. We have classified the occurrence of multiple single cell
      necroses within the tumors as obligatory therapeutic effects. The granulomatous
      and degenerative stromal findings be conditioned by the therapy, if they are
      localized safely outside the area of previous TuR. The other reactive hyper- and
      dysplastic reactions be conditioned facultatively by the therapy.

PMID- 3400351
TI  - [Scanning electron microscopy studies of the surface structure of benign and
      differentiated, tumorous papillary urothelial lesions].
AB  - Surgical biopsy specimens from the urinary bladder revealing normal histological
      structures in 2 cases, inflammatory lesions in 4 cases, papillomas--according to
      WHO classification criteria--in 7 cases, and differentiated non-invasive
      papillary transitional cell carcinomas in 7 cases, were investigated by means of
      scanning electron microscopy, with regard to diagnostic surface characteristics.
      The preparing method using paraffinembedded tissue blocks for the retrospective
      study proved to be suitable for the visualization of the different surface
      structures known from the literature. Some of the observed surface alterations
      seemed to be associated with both inflammatory and neoplastic urothelial lesions.
      A change of the surface structure is, however, of limited diagnostic relevance,
      since only the quantitative distribution pattern of single characteristics points
      to a certain entity. Especially the appearance of pleomorphic microvilli failed
      to be a hallmark of malignant growth. The role of REM among other methods in the
      diagnostics of urothelial lesions is discussed.

PMID- 3400352
TI  - [Invasiveness of lymphadenectomy in penis cancer].
AB  - Obligatory statements on the value of lymphadenectomy in penile cancer are
      difficult because of the rarity of the tumor. Reservations against a general
      application of inguinal or ileoinguinal lymphadenectomy in penile cancer are made
      because of severe complications as long-term lymph fistulas, skin necroses, scar
      contractures, vascular injuries and restrictions of the leg motility. Measures to
      reduce these complications are of great value. By a special intraoperative and
      postoperative regimen in our own patients severe complications could be avoided.
      With the use of absorbable ligation material the development of long-term
      fistulas is prevented and by a redon drainage of 15 days the development of wound
      ruptures and scar contractures are avoided. Although in all cases investigated by
      lymphangiography a lymph flow obstruction was verified only discrete lymph edemas
      of the lower extremities were found clinically. Thereby an opening of preformed
      lympho-venous anastomoses due to outflow obstruction and simultaneous tissue
      compression should be assumed.

PMID- 3400353
TI  - [Iron balance in hemodialysis in chronic uremia].
AB  - In 24 hemodialyzed uremic patients the serum levels of iron, ferritin,
      transferrin and parathyroid hormone were determined and the iron absorption in
      the gastrointestinal tract after an oral load was studied. Moderately elevated
      iron levels but extremely high concentrations of ferritin in the blood serum were
      found. A significant positive correlation was found between serum ferritin and
      iron levels as well as between serum ferritin and the cumulative volume of
      transfused blood. No correlation was stated between serum PTH and ferritin
      levels. No abnormality in iron absorption in the gastrointestinal tract was
      found. The obtained results suggest the necessity of monitoring ferritin levels
      as a reliable indicator of whole body iron stores in hemodialyzed uremic
      patients. Hyperfunction of the parathyroid glands does not seem to play an
      important role in the pathogenesis of abnormal iron metabolism in hemodialyzed
      patients.

PMID- 3400354
TI  - [A training program: the specialist in urology].

PMID- 3400355
TI  - Effect of cage size on growth, feed intake, fur quality and activity pattern of
      farmed raccoon dogs.

PMID- 3400356
TI  - 1D-micro-slab-PAGE of urinary proteins of tree shrews (Tupaia belangeri). A tool
      for non-invasive physiological studies.

PMID- 3400357
TI  - Dependence of rat caries on the sucrose concentration in the diet; a comparative
      evaluation of Konig vs. Keyes.

PMID- 3400358
TI  - [The effect of black-white preference on heart rate and behavior of the guinea
      pig (Cavia porcellus)].

PMID- 3400359
TI  - Gait analysis--an useful method for quantitatively measuring ataxia in mice.

PMID- 3400360
TI  - [Early and late results following implantation of an aortic bifurcation
      prosthesis].
AB  - Aorto-iliacal or aortofemoral bifurcation grafts were implanted to 351 patients
      for stenotic or occlusive diseases of pelvic and femoral arteries, between 1974
      and 1986. The average age of patients was 62.7 years, and perioperative lethality
      amounted to 7.4 per cent. The average age of patients who died was 68.2 years.
      Intraoperative complications occurred in 18 cases, early postoperative problems
      in 103, and complications over more extended periods of time in 37 instances.
      Postoperative amputation was necessary for eight patients (2.3 per cent) with pre
      existence of gangrene. Another 30 patients (9.2 per cent) had to undergo
      amputation later on. Second, third and more interventions were required in 75
      patients. Postoperative follow-up periods were between three months and 13 years
      during which 51 patients died of cardiovascular diseases, 21 of malignoma, and 14
      of other diseases. Adequate surgical results were established by follow-up checks
      in 80 per cent of the above cases. Twenty-four per cent complained about
      continued or recurrent claudication. Forty-six per cent of all survivors have
      continued to be smokers.

PMID- 3400361
TI  - [Use of formaldehyde-preserved, silicone-coated inner surface and form-fixed
      bovine blood vessels as vascular transplants].
AB  - A total of 114 vascular transplants of formaldehyde-preserved, form-fixed bovine
      vessels with silicone-coated inner surface were implanted to 113 dialysis
      patients and to one patient with asthma bronchiale. They were used as
      arteriovenous bridging grafts for punctures or parts of them and as arterial
      bridging grafts for repair. Included were A. glutealis in 43 instances as well as
      A. thoracica interna, V. glutealis and V. thoracica interna in 18 instances, and
      A. sacralis in 53 cases. Low early-thrombosis rates were recorded from all
      transplants. Transplants of A. glutealis and A. thoracica interna quite often
      exhibited spontaneous aneurysmatic enlargement in response to repeated
      puncturing. Fewer complications were recordable from transplants of A. glutealis,
      V. thoracica interna and A. sacralis.

PMID- 3400362
TI  - [Straight upper arm arteriovenous implants of allogenic vascular transplant
      material in various hemodynamic conditions].
AB  - Studies were conducted into the effects of various forms of flow reduction upon
      both pressure in shunt and functional properties of 134 arteriovenous bridging
      grafts on the upper arm for haemodialysis of deantigenised, form-fixed, preserved
      segments of varicose veins with silicone-coated inner surfaces. Strongest
      pressure reduction and best clinical results were obtained from composite grafts
      with a short, narrow segment on the inflow side.

PMID- 3400363
TI  - [Perioperative preventive use of antibiotics in cardiac pacemaker surgery].
AB  - General perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis is rejected in the context of
      cardiac pacemaker implantation. Selective, short-time perioperative application
      of a potent antibiotic or a sufficiently high-dosed combination may be justified
      in problem situations in the context of first implantation or re-implantation.

PMID- 3400365
TI  - [The Aubaniac subclavian catheter in surgical intensive care].
AB  - The subclavian catheter according to Aubaniac has worked extremely well in
      surgical intensive therapy through a four-year period of prospective studies. The
      complication rate was as 13.2 per cent, which was found to be acceptable,
      provided stringent observance of indications.

PMID- 3400364
TI  - [Radioisotope studies of the spontaneous course of postoperative deep venous
      thrombosis].
AB  - Radiofibrinogen tests were applied to 88 surgical and urological patients with
      postoperative thrombosis of deep veins to establish point and time of thrombus
      origin and courses taken by thrombi. Most of the thrombi thus recorded had
      originated from venous bulges of the calf, the soleus sinus. These accounted for
      83 per cent of all thrombi detected. Progress was in all cases in proximal
      direction, towards the popliteofemoral veins. The intraoperative phase was found
      to be the most dangerous juncture for the development of thrombi, with 36 per
      cent of all thrombi emerging on the day of surgery and another 22 per cent on the
      first and second postoperative days. Prophylaxis against thrombosis, therefore,
      should be initiated prior to surgical intervention in any case. Bilateral
      thrombosis was recorded from 22 cases. Sixty-one per cent of all thromboses were
      localised on the left side, and 81 per cent of all postoperative thromboses were
      clinically latent. There were six non-lethal outbreaks of pulmonary embolism and
      one lethal case. While the majority of calf vein thromboses was relatively
      harmless, the risk of pulmonary embolism increased considerably, as thrombi
      emerged at the level of the popliteal vein. Radioisotope investigation can be
      used to identify deep vein thrombosis and to figure out those patients in whom
      pulmonary embolism or chronic venous insufficiency may be expected to develop.

PMID- 3400366
TI  - [Angiographic image of a temporobasal epidural hematoma].

PMID- 3400367
TI  - [Hemangioma of the knee joint capsule].

PMID- 3400368
TI  - [Correlation between some environmental, anamnestic and social markers of
      pregnant patients and the delivery of eutrophic premature and hypotrophic newborn
      infants].
AB  - 12,577 single newborns of 19 hospitals of the northern districts of GDR were
      classified immediately after birth following the recommendations of WHO from 1971
      and the Society of Perinatal Medicine of GDR for classification of newborns. In a
      prospective study the influence of some different parameters on the relative
      frequency of deliveries of preterm appropriate-for-gestational-age infants and
      term small-for-gestational-age infants was proved. To secure the statistical
      statements u-test was used. A sometimes different efficiency of the proved
      parameters on the tested groups demonstrated that preterm appropriate-for
      gestational-age infants, term small-for-gestational-age infants and other groups
      of newborns of low birth-weight should'nt be collected as infants of low birth
      weight up to 2,499 g in present time. With the provided introduction of new
      percentiles in GDR an exact classification of newborn infants should be realized
      all over the country.

PMID- 3400369
TI  - [Computer-assisted obstetric data collection and processing--trial with a system
      solution].
AB  - A system is introduced for the registration and utilization of obstetrical dates.
      It is based on a new birth journal and a file for date collection in agreement to
      that. With the aid of a bureau computer a short delivery report will be given for
      the out-patient department of post-clinical medical attendance, as well as a
      label with the most important obstetrical dates for the postnatal care will be
      printed. An extensive birth report can be requested. The voluminous obstetrical
      statistics will be concentrated in form of charts.

PMID- 3400370
TI  - [Use of a computer system in perinatal data collection].
AB  - We present a computer system for obstetrical and perinatological data collection.
      All deliveries of the years 1984, 1985, and 1986 have been collected with this
      data collection program, so that there is how a data base containing 7,975 data
      records. A relational data base was chosen for data collection and storage.
      Either off-line or on-line data collection is possible by medical users via menu
      monitoring. Various possibilities of use are described.

PMID- 3400371
TI  - [Assessment of occupational factors of influence on pregnancy].
AB  - This study has a clinical design. The aim is, to gather more information about
      professional influences on the negative outcome of pregnancy in form of abortion
      or malformation. We analysed 90 histological confirmed abortions of patients
      visiting a sterility consulting outpatients clinic and 343 malformations detected
      during postdelivery stay in the hospital. Each woman with abortion or malformated
      child was pair-matched with a referent pregnant woman in the same age and normal
      outcome of pregnancy, whose pregnancy or delivery was at the same time. Their
      professional exposure data arranged in different expositions have been compared.
      Women with abortions or malformated newborns were more often in a profession with
      a risk to health than the pairmatched women without abortions or malformated
      newborns. A proposal for attention to professional influences usable in a
      computer program of obstetric clinics is offered.

PMID- 3400373
TI  - The terminal reactions in polyisoprenoid biosynthesis.

PMID- 3400372
TI  - [Acute abdomen in the puerperium].
AB  - Reporting 6 cases as examples the problems of symptoms and diagnosis of
      peritonitis in puerperium are discussed. Main source of the peritonitis is the
      ascending of pathogenic germs. The unknown bacteriologic vaginal milieu and the
      behaviour of the physician associated with caesarean section and premature
      rupture of the membranes play an important role for developing a peritonitis.
      Laparotomy with removing of uterus in time is the singlest method to rescue life
      threatening maternal situations.

PMID- 3400374
TI  - The haemolytic uraemic syndrome of childhood: is living in Belgium a factor of
      good prognosis?

PMID- 3400375
TI  - Comparative in vitro activity of augmentin against community and hospital
      acquired gram-negative bacteria.

PMID- 3400376
TI  - Shoshin beriberi: a fulminant beriberi heart disease.

PMID- 3400377
TI  - Characterization and therapeutic use of hormone dependency of breast cancer.

PMID- 3400378
TI  - [Voluminous thrombus in an aneurysm of the left ventricle].

PMID- 3400379
TI  - Symptomatic hyponatremia related to the use of propafenone.

PMID- 3400380
TI  - A 47-year-old man with lymphadenopathy and renal failure.

PMID- 3400381
TI  - How should we proceed when confronted with an anemia?

PMID- 3400382
TI  - Abstracts of the joint meeting of the Belgian Committee of Hypertension and the
      Belgian Society of Endocrinology (6 February 1988).

PMID- 3400383
TI  - Fine needle aspiration cytology of the pancreas. A retrospective study of 73
      cases.
AB  - Retrospective review of pancreatic fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy specimens
      collected with computed tomographic guidance from 73 patients between 1980 and
      1985 at the Medical Center of Delaware was performed to determine the accuracy of
      the procedure in our hands and to identify possible problem areas for cytologic
      diagnosis. When compared with clinical data or tissue diagnosis, FNA had a
      sensitivity for the detection of pancreatic carcinoma of 67.7%. The predictive
      value of a negative result was only 23.1%. When compared to the cytologic
      diagnosis made at the time of review, FNA had a sensitivity of 100%, but a single
      false-positive case was identified. In addition to the majority of probable
      pancreatic ductal carcinomas, a hepatoma and a lymphoma were detected. Cases of
      primary pancreatic carcinoma were classified by cytologic features, but all
      groups had dismal three-to-six-month median survivals, regardless of the degree
      of tumor differentiation. Survival times were similarly low for patients with
      negative pancreatic FNAs. The low patient survival times, regardless of FNA
      diagnosis, support the value of avoiding laparotomy in these patients and confirm
      the high false-negative rate of the procedure.

PMID- 3400384
TI  - Papillary carcinoma of the common bile duct. Diagnosis by bile drainage cytology.
AB  - A 54-year-old man with clinical and radiologic findings suggestive of pancreatic
      carcinoma had cytologic examination of bile drainage fluid specimens prepared by
      membrane filtration and cytocentrifugation. Examination showed clumps of
      malignant cells with features most consistent with a well-differentiated
      papillary neoplasm of bile duct origin, rather than a primary pancreatic
      carcinoma. Partial pancreatoduodenectomy with resection of the proximal common
      bile duct confirmed the presence of a small, well-differentiated but invasive
      papillary bile duct carcinoma. Pancreatic carcinoma and papillary carcinoma of
      the bile duct are anatomically and biologically different lesions that should be
      distinguished, when possible, by cytologic examination. In this case, surgical
      treatment was planned on the assumption that cytologic examination could
      distinguish a papillary carcinoma of the bile duct from the clinically suspected
      pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

PMID- 3400385
TI  - The usefulness of saline-irrigated bile for the intraoperative cytologic
      diagnosis of tumors and tumorlike lesions of the gallbladder.
AB  - Intraoperative cytology was performed for 48 patients with polypoid lesions (36
      benign and 12 malignant) of the gallbladder. The cytologic samples consisted of
      pure bile from 48 patients and diluted bile collected by saline irrigation from
      29 patients. Pure bile gave 32 correct diagnoses (67%) and 14 diagnoses of
      inadequate material (29%), which contained few nondegenerated cells and made
      microscopic diagnosis unreliable. Inadequate material was frequently obtained in
      cases of cholesterol polyp (45%), tubular or papillary adenomatous carcinoma
      (50%) and polypoid carcinoma (17%), but not in cases of inflammatory polyp (0%).
      On the other hand, cytologic study of bile samples obtained by saline irrigation
      showed no inadequate material and only one false negative, from a case in which
      the cancerous focus was mostly covered with nonneoplastic epithelium. These
      results imply that saline irrigation succeeded in collecting many nondegenerated
      cells newly exfoliated from the wall of lesions and the technique is useful in
      the intraoperative cytologic study of polypoid gallbladder lesions.

PMID- 3400386
TI  - Diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis by fine needle aspiration cytology. Report
      of a case.
AB  - A case of cutaneous leishmaniasis diagnosed by means of fine needle aspiration
      (FNA) cytology is presented. The pathognomonic cytopathologic picture consisted
      of lymphocytes, plasma cells and epithelioid granulomas intermingled with
      histiocytes. Numerous Leishmania organisms were observed within the histiocytes
      and extracellularly. This case emphasizes the utility of FNA cytology in
      diagnosing lesions of the skin.

PMID- 3400387
TI  - Congenital cutaneous candidiasis diagnosed in cytologic scrapings.
AB  - Cytologic scrapings of skin vesicles from an eight-day-old newborn who had a
      generalized maculopapular, vesicular and pustular rash contained mycelia and
      ovoid spores of fungal organisms. The cytodiagnosis of cutaneous candidiasis was
      confirmed by the study of a direct smear and a skin biopsy. The candidiasis was
      congenital; the 15-year-old mother had had vulvar pruritus prior to delivery.
      Since the variable clinical picture of this disease must be differentiated from
      those of other types of congenital dermatitis, an early cytologic study of skin
      scrapings may prove useful for its rapid diagnosis and treatment.

PMID- 3400388
TI  - Cytologic diagnosis of acanthamoebic keratitis.
AB  - A case of acanthamoebic keratitis was identified from a corneal scraping stained
      with a modified Papanicolaou stain. The characteristic double-walled cyst forms
      were easily identified. Corneal scraping cytology provides a rapid, noninvasive
      means of diagnosis and follow-up for this serious disease.

PMID- 3400389
TI  - Assessment of fine needle aspiration as a screening test for occult prostatic
      carcinoma.
AB  - As part of an ongoing study of objective parameters of prognostic value in
      prostatic carcinoma, a routine procedure was developed to aspirate all prostates
      prior to surgery. These targets were different from those of other workers in the
      field of prostatic fine needle aspiration (FNA), who generally advocate that FNA
      be confined to suspicious nodules. The aspirations were performed by a large
      group of practicing urologists who had no special training in prostatic FNA
      except for guidelines provided by their peers and information available in the
      literature. This approach permitted an assessment of the performance of FNA as a
      screening test rather than as a diagnostic procedure. During the period from
      January 1983 to February 1987, 1,683 patients had prostatic FNAs performed (plus
      subsequent histologic study). The following diagnoses were rendered:
      "inadequate/scanty specimen" in 625 cases (37%), "negative/atypical" in 844 cases
      (50%) and "suspicious/positive" in 214 cases (13%). Histologic examination showed
      stage A1 prostatic adenocarcinoma in 18 patients. The cytologic diagnoses on
      these 18 patients were inadequate/scanty in 3 (17%), negative/atypical in 13
      (72%) and suspicious/positive in 2 (11%). Of the 214 patients with a
      positive/suspicious diagnosis by FNA, the diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma was
      confirmed by tissue evidence in 200; the other 14 patients had either no evidence
      of prostatic carcinoma on surgical biopsy (needle biopsy/transurethral
      resection/suprapubic prostatectomy) or had no surgical biopsy. Eight of the 14
      patients developed clinical evidence of carcinoma, 1 died of urinary bladder
      carcinoma and 1 was lost to follow-up. In the remaining four patients, there is
      still no evidence of prostatic carcinoma after about one-and-one-half years of
      follow-up. These results indicate that (1) specialized training is required in
      order to obtain adequate smears by prostatic FNA; (2) prostatic FNA is not a good
      screening technique for detecting stage A1 prostatic carcinoma; and (3) a
      positive diagnosis by prostatic FNA, even when not confirmed by tissue biopsy, is
      still an indication of disease.

PMID- 3400390
TI  - Fine needle aspiration of the prostate gland in the community hospital. A
      predictive value analysis.
AB  - Fine needle aspiration cytology of the prostate gland has not been widely
      accepted into the clinical armamentarium of most urologists, even though its
      benefits are well recognized. This sluggish acceptance  is most likely due to a
      cautious reluctance on the part of the general pathologist in the community
      hospital to evaluate these specimens and to uncertainty on the part of the
      urologist on how to interpret the pathologist's impressions should the
      pathologist attempt to evaluate the specimens. This article offers a predictive
      value analysis of the data obtained from four general pathologists after
      reviewing 50 fine needle aspirations of the prostate.

PMID- 3400392
TI  - Cytologic features of ovarian tumors of low malignant potential in peritoneal
      fluids.
AB  - The distinction of ovarian tumors of low malignant potential (OTLMP) from
      invasive ovarian carcinomas has significant therapeutic and prognostic
      implications. This study was undertaken to define the cytologic features of OTLMP
      in peritoneal fluids and to compare them with the cytologic features of invasive
      carcinomas. Peritoneal fluids from 13 patients with OTLMP and 10 patients with
      invasive ovarian carcinoma contained neoplastic cells and were reviewed with
      attention to papillary fragment morphology, cellular pleomorphism and cytoplasmic
      and nuclear characteristics. Cytologic preparations from patients with OTLMP
      contained large, cohesive papillary fragments with smooth borders. The neoplastic
      cells were relatively small and uniform, with high nuclear-cytoplasmic (N/C)
      ratios (greater than 1:2), few intracytoplasmic vacuoles and inconspicuous
      nucleoli. Mitotic figures were rare. Peritoneal fluids from patients with
      invasive ovarian carcinoma contained smaller discohesive papillary fragments with
      irregular borders. The neoplastic cells were relatively large and pleomorphic,
      with low N/C ratios (less than or equal to 1:2), abundant intracytoplasmic
      vacuoles and prominent nucleoli; most preparations contained many single cells
      and mitotic figures.

PMID- 3400391
TI  - Megakaryocytes and ganglion cells mimicking cancer in fine needle aspiration of
      the prostate.
AB  - In six cases, fine needle aspiration (FNA) directed at prostatic lesions produced
      specimens containing megakaryocytes or ganglion cells, which are sources of
      potential diagnostic error in the interpretation of aspirates of the prostate
      gland. In three cases, apparent accidental penetration of the tip of the
      transrectal FNA biopsy needle into the ischium instead of the prostate resulted
      in the aspiration of megakaryocytes and other bone marrow elements; the
      megakaryocytes mimicked anaplastic cancer. Three additional FNAs of the prostate
      produced specimens containing a small number of ganglion cells mimicking well
      differentiated adenocarcinoma; the accompanying strands of wavy neural tissue
      served as a clue to the ganglionic origin of these potentially misleading cells.
      The paucity of "atypical" cells and the sparsity or absence of prostatic
      epithelium in the aspirates were additional clues to the cytologist that the
      findings represented an anatomic misplacement of the FNA biopsy needle tip,
      rather than a prostatic cancer.

PMID- 3400393
TI  - Cytopathology of peritoneal endometriosis caused by ruptured ovarian cysts.
AB  - The cytopathologic features of two cases of peritoneal endometriosis (secondary
      to ruptured ovarian endometrial cysts) are described. Both patients presented
      with abdominal distension and tenderness and were clinically thought to have an
      abdominal tumor. Preoperative cytologic examination of peritoneal fluids gave a
      diagnosis of endometriosis in both cases. The endometrial tissue was present in
      the smears as honeycombs, syncytia and tight clusters of both epithelial and
      stromal cells. Subsequent surgery confirmed the cytodiagnosis in both cases.
      These cases emphasize the need to include endometriosis in the differential
      diagnosis of peritoneal effusions, especially in women.

PMID- 3400394
TI  - Fine needle aspiration cytologic features of hepatic metastasis of granulosa cell
      tumor of the ovary. Differential diagnosis.
AB  - The cytologic findings from a fine needle aspiration biopsy of hepatic metastases
      of a granulosa cell tumor are described. While the cytologic features of the
      tumor were characteristic, the early recurrence in an unusual site makes this
      case noteworthy. The differential diagnosis of granulosa cell tumors from other
      metastatic and primary liver tumors is discussed.

PMID- 3400395
TI  - Fine needle aspiration biopsy in the evaluation of lymphoma presenting as an
      ovarian and uterine mass.
AB  - Fine needle aspiration (FNA) was performed in conjunction with frozen section on
      a patient with primary uterine and ovarian lymphoma. While the frozen section
      showed evidence of tumor, a diagnosis of lymphoma was not possible on the frozen
      section alone. The fine needle aspirate showed the tumor to be a lymphoma. In
      cases of suspected lymphoma, FNA in conjunction with frozen section may be
      helpful for making the definitive diagnosis.

PMID- 3400396
TI  - Fine needle aspiration cytology presentation of bilateral mammary fibromatosis.
      Report of a case.
AB  - A case of bilateral fibromatosis of the breast occurring in a 22-year-old woman
      is described. The cytologic findings in fine needle aspirates included numerous
      stromal cells of the fibroblastic type, without atypia, in a background of
      granular amorphous material. Small fragments of collagen were present. Clusters
      of benign epithelial cells were occasionally observed.

PMID- 3400397
TI  - Fine needle aspiration cytologic diagnosis of metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma in
      the parotid gland.
AB  - A case of Merkel cell (trabecular) carcinoma metastatic to the parotid gland and
      diagnosed clinically by fine needle aspiration cytology is described. The primary
      tumor was on the left upper eyelid and had been resected four months earlier.
      This unusual presentation and the incidence of secondary tumors involving the
      parotid gland are discussed.

PMID- 3400398
TI  - Transmission and scanning electron microscopic study of the same cytologic
      material.
AB  - The same cytologic material was successively examined by light microscopy (LM),
      scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
      After the SEM examination, the specimens were rehydrated for a long period of
      time to allow the penetration of Epon 812 into the cells. The TEM examination
      showed the cell organelles to be comparatively well preserved. These
      consecutively performed LM-SEM-TEM examinations provided useful information on
      cytologic subjects, especially concerning the origin of the cells.

PMID- 3400399
TI  - Computerized recording and reporting system for cytology and colposcopy.
AB  - The computerized system for recording and reporting cytologic and colposcopic
      data at the Madrid Provincial Hospital is discussed. Cytodiagnostic codes based
      on standard international nomenclature, and yet open to constant updating, were
      created for the anatomic sites from which samples are currently examined (vagina
      and cervix, endometrium, vulva and breast), with areas allocated for expansion to
      other sites. A similar novel code was devised for colposcopic data. Specific
      forms were developed for each anatomic site; the cervicovaginal and endometrial
      forms are used for both cytology and colposcopy. The system has provided the
      laboratory with automation of its managerial, clerical and administrative tasks,
      including (1) record keeping, (2) reporting, (3) statistics, (4) correlation of
      clinical, cytologic, colposcopic and histopathologic data, (5) patient follow-up,
      (6) technical support in research programs and (7) quality control. Use of the
      system led to an improvement in the efficiency of the laboratory and resulted in
      reports of better quality. The program has been of help in our research and has
      not increased the total cost of cytologic studies.

PMID- 3400400
TI  - Papillary carcinoma in fine needle aspiration smears of a thyroglossal duct
      lesion.

PMID- 3400401
TI  - Intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusions in epithelioid hemangioendothelioma.

PMID- 3400402
TI  - Hypovolemic stimuli and vasopressin secretion in man.
AB  - Different non-hypotensive hypovolemic stimuli were applied to 21 healthy and 20
      uremic dialysis patients. The purpose was to study the effect on plasma arginine
      vasopressin concentration, using orthostasis as a reference model. Orthostasis
      increased the plasma AVP level in healthy subjects as well as in uremic dialysis
      patients. In healthy subjects plasma AVP increased both when they were
      normohydrated and after they had been water-depleted. Lower body negative
      pressure (LBNP, -40 mmHg) was applied to 11 healthy males to induce a central
      blood volume decrease, equal to that induced by orthostasis. The plasma AVP
      increased in two subjects only who became hypotensive during the investigations.
      Ten hemodialysis patients were volume-depleted by isolated ultrafiltration. A
      flow directed Swan-Ganz catheter was used to measure the central intravascular
      pressures. Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure was reduced to normal or subnormal
      values during 1-2 h of ultrafiltration, without any significant changes in plasma
      AVP. Plasma AVP increased only in 2 patients, who became hypotensive during the
      investigations. Thus, of the present non-hypotensive volume stimuli only
      orthostasis was able to stimulate AVP secretion. Equal or even greater reductions
      in central blood volumes by other stimuli had no effect on AVP secretion. The
      results demonstrate that isolated stimulation of low-pressure volume receptors
      has no effect on the secretion of AVP in humans.

PMID- 3400404
TI  - Mammosomatotropes in human pituitary adenomas as revealed by electron microscopic
      double gold immunostaining method.
AB  - Hormone production was studied in situ by immunocytochemical methods in 20
      pituitary adenomas. Special attention was given to 13 adenomas removed from
      acromegalic patients. Out of them, 6 had mild to moderate hyperprolactinemia.
      Immunohistochemistry revealed PRL-containing cells without any close relationship
      with high PRL serum level in 6 patients. Double immunogold staining revealed
      mammosomatotrope cells characterized by simultaneous presence of GH and PRL in
      the same granules in 2 patients. Since mammosomatotropes have never been
      demonstrated in the normal pituitary, our results probably signify gene
      dysregulation in pituitary cells of those acromegalic patients.

PMID- 3400403
TI  - Regional differences in the catecholamine content of the rat brain: effects of
      neonatal castration and androgenization.
AB  - The long-term organizational influence of perinatal androgen manipulations upon
      the central noradrenergic and dopaminergic systems was investigated in the rat.
      Males were castrated or sham-operated upon within 24 h of birth. Newborn females
      received either five daily sc injections of 100 micrograms of testosterone in
      oil, or vehicle only. Groups of animals were then decapitated at ages ranging
      from 12 to 180 days. Levels of noradrenaline and dopamine were measured in six
      brain regions using high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical
      detection. The results confirm that the noradrenaline and dopamine content of the
      brain are affected by perinatal androgen exposure and show that brain
      catecholamine levels alter during the first six months of life, in some areas
      merely increasing, but in others rising and later falling. Sex differences in
      catecholamine levels may be apparent at particular ages, but the direction of the
      difference is frequently reversed as the animals grow older. In the hypothalamus
      and amygdala broadly similar patterns of time-related changes in catecholamine
      levels were observed. However, although in other regions (cerebral cortex,
      cerebellum, corpus striatum and corpora quadrigemina) sex differences in the
      noradrenaline and dopamine content were frequently detected, on most occasions
      they were not affected in any recognizable fashion by steroid manipulation in the
      newborn. Once adult patterns of gonadotropin secretion and behaviour became
      established in early adulthood, a functional relationship between brain
      catecholamine levels and the early effects of testosterone is no longer so
      apparent. Nevertheless, it would seem that testosterone, acting during the
      neonatal period, tends to accelerate the fall in brain amine levels that occurs
      as the animals grow older.

PMID- 3400405
TI  - 7B2, a new protein secreted by human functionless pituitary tumours, in vitro.
AB  - A novel pituitary protein, 7B2, of approximately 180 amino acids has been
      suggested to colocalise with LH in the pituitary gonadotropes. Increased
      secretion of LH is known to occur in functionless pituitary tumours. We have
      therefore measured 7B2 immunoreactive equivalents in the 24-h medium of explant
      pituitary cultures prepared from 17 functionless, 20 somatotropic, 16 PRL
      secreting and 8 corticotropic adenomas. A synthetic fragment corresponding to
      amino acids 23-39 of 7B2 was used to raise antisera (rabbits), prepare radiolabel
      (chloramine T iodination) and also serve as the assay standard. 7B2
      immunoreactive equivalents in the medium from the functionless tumours was 517 +/
      149 pmol/l, significantly higher than that of the somatotropic tumours (248 +/-
      90 pmol/l, P less than 0.05), prolactinomas (108 +/- 37 pmol/l, P less than
      0.001) and corticotropin producing adenomas (107 +/- 77 pmol/l, P less than
      0.001) (one-way analysis of variance). Gel permeation chromatography of medium
      obtained from functionless tumours revealed two immunoreactive 7B2 peaks one
      eluting at a coefficient of 0.28 corresponding to that of normal human pituitary
      extract and another eluting at a coefficient of 0.59. Gel chromatography profiles
      of medium obtained from somatotropic tumours contained similar immunoreactive 7B2
      peaks (elution coefficient 0.28 and 0.57). These findings demonstrate that 7B2
      like material is secreted by pituitary adenomas in explant culture with the
      highest level from functionless tumour cultures.

PMID- 3400406
TI  - Thyroid cancer in Iceland 1955-1984.
AB  - A retrospective study was carried out on the incidence of thyroid cancer in
      Iceland from 1955 to 1984. During this 30-year period 406 cases of thyroid cancer
      were registered. The incidence of 9.5 for females and 3.4 for males per 100,000
      per year is at least twice as high as in the other Nordic countries and among the
      highest incidence figures reported anywhere. A considerable increase in the
      reported incidence of thyroid cancer was noted around 1965. The mean size of the
      cancer nodules at diagnosis decreased at the same time and survival rates of
      patients improved. The incidence decreased again during the last 5 years of the
      study period. Mortality rates remained similar during this 30-year period. The
      survival rate corrected for intercurrent death was similar for both papillary and
      follicular carcinomas. All patients with anaplastic carcinomas died within one
      year of diagnosis. Cox's regression analysis with multiple covariates revealed
      that age at diagnosis, anaplastic and medullary history type as compared with
      papillary type, pathological evaluation of tumour extent, and calendar period of
      diagnosis had significant prognostic power. Sex and follicular vs papillary
      histology type were not significant prognostic factors.

PMID- 3400407
TI  - Antibody-dependent cell-mediated growth inhibition of rat thyroid cells, FRTL-5,
      in patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases.
AB  - We studied antibody-dependent mononuclear cell-mediated growth inhibition of
      thyroid cells in 18 untreated patients with Graves' disease, 18 patients with
      chronic thyroiditis, and 15 normal subjects by measuring the ability of their
      sera to inhibit [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA in a rat thyroid cell line,
      FRTL-5, in the presence of normal mononuclear cells. [3H]thymidine incorporation
      was significantly inhibited in the presence of sera from patients with Graves'
      disease and chronic thyroiditis (P less than 0.001), whereas it was not affected
      in normal subjects. A significant correlation was observed between the inhibition
      of [3H]thymidine incorporation and the titre of anti-microsomal antibodies (P
      less than 0.05). The inhibitory effect on [3H]thymidine incorporation was
      significantly abolished when serum pre-absorbed with human thyroid membranes was
      used (P less than 0.005). These inhibitory effects on [3H]thymidine incorporation
      significantly correlated with those obtained by using IgG fractions (P less than
      0.01). These data indicate that antibody-dependent mononuclear cell-mediated
      growth inhibition may play a role in thyroid cell growth regulation in patients
      with autoimmune thyroid disease.

PMID- 3400408
TI  - Intrathecal morphine and clonidine for control of intractable cancer pain. A case
      report.
AB  - The use of intrathecal clonidine, in combination with intrathecal morphine, for
      the treatment of a patient with intractable cancer pain is reported. The addition
      of clonidine overcame the problem of tolerance to the analgesic effects of
      morphine alone. The patient was maintained pain free for three months, without
      complications, until his death. At autopsy, no evidence of neurotoxicity
      associated with the prolonged intrathecal administration of clonidine and
      morphine was found.

PMID- 3400409
TI  - Bilateral ulnar nerve injury after high abdominal surgery.
AB  - We report a case of bilateral injury to the ulnar nerve above the level of the
      elbow due to a particular retractor used for high abdominal surgery. Possible
      mechanisms of pathogenesis and predestinating conditions are discussed.

PMID- 3400410
TI  - Dual effect of etomidate on mineralocorticoid biosynthesis.
AB  - The effects of the intravenous anesthetic agent etomidate on adrenal
      steroidogenesis were studied in 14 pre-menopausal women undergoing abdominal
      hysterectomy. Anesthesia was induced with either thiopentone (group A) or
      etomidate (groups B and C) and maintained with nitrous oxide-oxygen 0.5%
      halothane (groups A and B) or an infusion of etomidate to supplement nitrous
      oxide-oxygen (group C). Serum concentrations of cortisol, aldosterone and 11
      deoxycorticosterone (DOC) were measured pre-induction, at the end of surgery, and
      at 4, 10 and 24 hours after induction. In group A, concentrations of all three
      hormones were significantly elevated in response to surgery. In group B, the
      increases in cortisol and aldosterone were obtunded, but there was a greater
      increase in DOC at 4 hours after induction. In group C, there were no increases
      in cortisol or aldosterone up to 4 hours after induction, and the increase in DOC
      was significantly lower than in group B. These results suggest that etomidate
      inhibits adrenal steroidogenesis at two separate sites. With low doses of the
      drug, as used for induction, 11 beta-hydroxylase is inhibited lowering both
      cortisol and aldosterone secretion. The reduction in aldosterone is, however,
      offset by a rise in DOC. With higher doses, there is an additional early pathway
      effect so that the compensatory rise in DOC is reduced.

PMID- 3400411
TI  - Efficacy of lorazepam oral fast dissolving drug formulation (FDDF) in anesthesia
      premedication in adults: a double-blind placebo controlled comparison.
AB  - Lorazepam 4 mg oral fast dissolving drug formulation was compared to placebo in a
      double-blind study as premedicant in adult anesthesia. Lorazepam induced in this
      trial a marked relief of anxiety after 60 minutes without changes in vital
      parameters nor in reflex activity or muscle tonus. Anterograde amnesia was
      present in about 60 percent of the patients. The clinical anesthetists rated the
      quality of premedication as satisfactory or better in 77 percent of lorazepam
      treated patients. The rating as "good" or "excellent" by patients reached 93
      percent. The incidence of side effects was low. Postoperative residual effects on
      attention, cognitive, somatic and visceral functions were present till 5 hours
      postmedication. Lorazepam FDDF (fast dissolving drug formulation) appeared to be
      an effective and clinically safe premedicant for its good anxiolytic and amnestic
      effect and its high acceptance by the patients. Its use is not recommended for
      outpatient anesthesia because it prolongs recovery from anesthesia.

PMID- 3400413
TI  - Stereological study of the early ultrastructural differentiation of chick embryo
      neuroepithelial cells during neurulation.
AB  - The neuroectodermal cells of chick embryos have been analyzed during neurulation
      by stereological and morphometrical ultrastructural methods in an attempt to
      describe their cytometric evolution. A profound change of cellular form
      coefficient was observed which is related to the typical process of
      columnarization of these cells. At stages 7 and 8, the nucleus appeared round in
      shape, probably due to a loss of pressure of the vitelline inclusions. In this
      sense, the volume density of these inclusions falls during this period. There was
      also a significant increase of the nuclear surface density, the significance of
      which is discussed on the basis of the nucleo-cytoplasmic interchanges and the
      differentiation process. At the same time, an increase in the number of
      mitochondria was observed, which is related to the neural folding process.
      Simultaneously, the amount of rough endoplasmic reticulum increases, presumably
      related to the remarkable changes of the embryonic extracellular matrix.

PMID- 3400412
TI  - Pattern of arteries in the hindlimbs of hybrid mice.
AB  - The pattern of the arterial system has been studied in the hindlimbs of adult
      male and female mice in a hybrid strain. A technique was developed to inspect the
      distribution pattern after the vessels were injected with a blue polymer, the
      bone was stained with alizarin red S, and the soft tissue was cleared to
      transparency. Substantial variations were identified in the point of origin of 6
      of 41 arterial branches; extra vessels and absence of vessels were uncommon. The
      types of arterial differences identified in normal adult mice were different from
      those identified in mice with absence of the tibia, which have absence of major
      arteries, including the popliteal and posterior tibial arteries.

PMID- 3400414
TI  - Three-dimensional SEM study of arteriovenous anastomoses in the dog's tongue
      using corrosive resin casts.
AB  - Arteriovenous anastomoses (AVAs) participate in the regulation of blood flow.
      Although it has been speculated that AVAs in the dog's tongue play a role in the
      regulation of the body temperature, no published work is available on the
      structural characteristics of AVAs in the dog's tongue. The purpose of the
      present investigation was therefore to determine the frequency of AVAs and their
      structural characteristics by the fabrication of vascular corrosive resin casts
      and examination under a scanning electron microscope. This method permitted not
      only the visualization of the three-dimensional characteristics of AVAs, but also
      a clear differentiation between arterioles and venules. The total number of AVAs
      in the mucosal lamina propria of the dorsum of the left tongue half was 2,292.
      Several essential types such as S-shaped, hook-shaped, straight, bibranching and
      Y-shaped AVAs were observed, of which the S-shaped and similar types constituted
      the overwhelming majority; Y-shaped types have never been reported heretofore.
      This study also revealed that the locations where AVAs were most often
      distributed were, in descending order of frequency, the tip, the corpus and the
      root area of the tongue. This high frequency and strategic location of AVAs in
      the tongue strongly indicate that AVAs of the dog's tongue participate in the
      thermal regulation.

PMID- 3400415
TI  - Morphometric and three-dimensional study of platelets during activation in the
      rat.
AB  - In vivo activation of platelets, produced by damaging an artery in the rat with
      ultrasound, was studied with the electron microscope. We performed both a three
      dimensional reconstruction by thin serial sections and a morphometric study of
      the activation process. This is characterized by exocytosis of the content of
      granules, widening of tubules of the open canalicular system, and emission of
      pseudopodia. The three-dimensional reconstruction suggested that some extended
      pseudopodia adhere to the arterial intima, and confirmed former observations that
      a locomotor apparatus differentiates in platelets adhering to the arterial
      intima. We speculate that the contraction of some pseudopodia may pull the
      platelet body toward the arterial wall. The morphometric study revealed that
      during activation the volume of the open canalicular system volume increases and
      that of the dense granules decreases; all other compartments did not change.

PMID- 3400416
TI  - Ultrastructure of the rostral notochord of the 35-day rhesus monkey (Macaca
      mulatta) embryo.
AB  - The notochords of three normal, 35-day Macaca mulatta embryos were examined
      ultrastructurally. Notochordal cells had numerous polysomes and ribosomes, and
      some rough endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, Golgi complexes, coated vesicles,
      and secretory granules. A discontinuous basal lamina surrounded the notochord.
      Intercellular channels and the perinotochordal sheath contained fibrils. It was
      found that the ultrastructure of the rhesus monkey notochord at stage 17
      resembles that of the chick and mouse.

PMID- 3400418
TI  - Thoracic sympathetic trunk compression by osteophytes associated with arthritis
      of the costovertebral joint. Anatomical and clinical considerations.
AB  - Hyperostosis (lipping) due to costovertebral arthritis was found frequently
      (84.3%) impinging on the sympathetic trunks (ganglia and cord), rami
      communicantes and roots of the splanchnic nerves on both sides of the spine in
      more than 1,000 dissecting room cadavers examined and 34 cadavers of adult and
      elderly people specially dissected. As a result of the compression, the affected
      sympathetic structures were angulated, deflected from their course, enlarged and
      often infiltrated with connective tissue. The possible symptoms which may result
      from this kind of compression are discussed.

PMID- 3400417
TI  - [The buccal adipose body (Bichat's fat-pad). Morphological study].
AB  - Bichat's fat-pad was examined using dissections of newborns and adults, and
      histological sections of embryos and fetuses. A main part or body with six
      extensions (masseteric, superficial temporal, deep temporal, pterygomandibular,
      sphenopalatine and inferior orbital) can be recognized.

PMID- 3400419
TI  - Recording of chick embryo movements and their correlation with joint development.
AB  - Chick embryo movements were picked up, by means of a vibration-recording
      technique, from the 5th day of incubation until the moment of hatching, and
      correlated with histological observations of the main joints. A close
      relationship could be demonstrated between the dates on which the first movements
      can be recorded and the commencement of joint formation.

PMID- 3400420
TI  - [Microvascularization of the sternum in children].
AB  - 46 sternums originating from 1-day- to 17-year-old children were injected with
      India ink and transparified. The intraosteal and medullary vasculature is
      described at different stages, as well as cartilage canals, vessels of the
      isolated ossification center, vessels of the ossification center connected with
      peripheral vascular structures or neighboring cartilage canals, and finally the
      transition to the adult pattern. With age, the centrifugal vascular distribution
      develops to a centripetal pattern.

PMID- 3400421
TI  - Presence of a blastocyst and mast cell depletion of the mouse uterus.
AB  - The mast cell population has been studied during early decidualization of the
      mouse uterus. The number increases in early pregnancy until the attachment phase
      when a sharp depletion is noticed. This fall has been correlated with stimuli of
      maternal origin, but at the same time the presence of a blastocyst at the
      presumptive implantation sites seems to exert a significant effect on the
      depletion of mast cells. A relationship between the number of mast cells in the
      uterus and the physiological state of the organ has definitely been established
      [Harvey, 1964; Likar and Likar, 1964; Gibbons and Chang, 1972; Brandon and Evans,
      1983]. The number of mast cells in the pregnant uterus is known to decrease
      around the time of implantation in the rat [Shelesnyak, 1960; De Feo, 1967;
      Brandon and Bibby, 1979]. Several workers believe that the mast cell population
      and histamine content decrease as a result of a rise in circulating estrogen
      [Westin, 1955; Gibbons and Chang, 1972; Spaziani, 1975]. In the present
      communication the possibility of a relationship between the decrease in mast cell
      population and the presence of a blastocyst, whose estrogenic role has been
      reported [Dickmann and Dey, 1973; Dickmann et al., 1975; Sengupta et al., 1977],
      in the uterine horn has been discussed.

PMID- 3400422
TI  - Cytodifferentiation of mouse visceral endoderm: study with a teratocarcinoma
      antiserum.
AB  - In this work we separated homogeneous embryoid bodies (EB); this population is
      composed of only endodermal vesicles of a visceral type. These EB were used to
      immunize rabbits. After absorption, the antisera were analyzed
      immunohistochemically in sections of 7.5- and 9-day-old mouse embryos, which
      showed a selective reaction to visceral endoderm. The cytodifferentiation of the
      visceral endoderm was studied.

PMID- 3400423
TI  - Quantitative study of intimal longitudinal smooth muscle in human small
      mesenteric arteries.
AB  - The present paper examines the results of quantitative assessment of intimal
      longitudinal smooth muscle (ILSM) in small arteries from normal mesentery in man.
      212 vessels from 24 patients who underwent colectomy for colorectal carcinoma
      were studied. The mean amount of ILSM in these vessels was found to be 1.42%
      (range 0.00-8.90%) of external vessel diameter. A statistically significant (p =
      0.018) positive correlation was demonstrated between the mean amount of ILSM in
      vessels from any individual patient and the level of diastolic blood pressure. It
      is concluded that increased intravascular tension is one factor which influences
      the development of ILSM in human small mesenteric arteries.

PMID- 3400424
TI  - Exceptions to Cajal's neuron theory: communicating synapses.
AB  - Ultrastructural images of some neurons and their synaptic connections, belonging
      to the nucleus of the periaqueductal grey substance in the domestic cat
      mesencephalon, are shown. The finding that some axosomatic synapses showed an
      open communication between the pre- and postsynaptic portion attracted our
      attention. In this way a continuity is made between the presynaptic bouton of one
      neuron (axon) and the postsynaptic portion of the other (neuronal soma). Synapses
      having these interneuronal communications could be denominated communicating
      synapses. Accepting Cajal's neuron theory and his law of neuronal independence,
      it is very difficult to interpret these images. We wonder if this type of
      communicating synapses could be the exception that proves the rule of the neuron
      independence.

PMID- 3400425
TI  - Morphometrical analysis of the thymus from mice submitted to low temperature.
AB  - Thymic involution is a slow physiological process than can be accelerated by some
      pathological or experimental conditions. In this work we kept male mice under low
      temperatures in order to observe whether or not thymic involution would be
      promoted. For this purpose, we carried out a histometrical analysis of the thymus
      and observed that there was a decrease in both cortical and medullary regions of
      the thymic lobules. These changes paralleled a loss in the absolute and relative
      weights of the thymus. It was concluded that low temperatures induce thymic
      involution even in nonhibernating animals.

PMID- 3400426
TI  - Anaesthetic mortality and morbidity.

PMID- 3400427
TI  - Prevention and treatment of cardiopulmonary reactions during total hip
      replacement.

PMID- 3400428
TI  - [Chronic radio-carpal sprain and instability of the wrist].

PMID- 3400429
TI  - [Friction in total hip prosthesis as a possible cause of loosening of the cup].

PMID- 3400430
TI  - [Is segmentary osteosynthesis of the spine appropriate in adults? The Luque-Dove
      technic].

PMID- 3400431
TI  - Long-term results of Charnley total hip replacement with special reference to
      patients age.

PMID- 3400432
TI  - Mechanisms of cardiopulmonary disturbances during total hip replacement.

PMID- 3400434
TI  - Factors influencing the early results of the Bristow-Latarjet technique.

PMID- 3400433
TI  - [Transcondylar amputation of the femur and a flap from the triceps muscle of the
      calf].

PMID- 3400435
TI  - Avulsion of the tibial tuberosity. A report of three cases.

PMID- 3400436
TI  - [Dislocation of the pisiform bone].

PMID- 3400437
TI  - Total talonavicular coalition. A case report.

PMID- 3400439
TI  - Compressed air injury of the hand.

PMID- 3400438
TI  - Subperiosteal ganglion.

PMID- 3400440
TI  - Proceedings of the scientific session of the Collegium Oto-Rhino-Laryngologicum
      Amicitiae Sacrum. Torino, September 6-9, 1987.

PMID- 3400441
TI  - Hair cell innervation in the fetal human cochlea.
AB  - Twelve cochleas from human fetuses ranging in age from 13 to 22 gestational weeks
      were investigated by transmission electron microscopy in order to follow the
      development of hair cell innervation. First, we were able to confirm the two
      general gradients of cochlear maturation, i.e. 'internal-to-external' and 'base
      to-apex'. In the 14th week of gestation, the inner hair cell pattern of
      innervation was almost mature, with well formed afferent synapses and axo
      dendritic efferent contacts. At the outer hair cell level, only afferents,
      probably both spiral and radial ones, were present up to week 16. At week 22, axo
      somatic synapses were observed between the medial efferents and the outer hair
      cells, but they were not yet completely mature. At this stage the myelination had
      begun within the spiral lamina fibres. These findings confirmed that the
      different stages of synaptogenesis in the human cochlea are similar to that
      described in other mammals, and thus the same kind of functional relationships
      could be proposed.

PMID- 3400442
TI  - The spiral ganglion and the innervation of the human organ of Corti.
AB  - Five human cochleas were evaluated using the block surface method. The numbers of
      hair cells, nerve fibres in the osseous spiral lamina, and spiral ganglion cells
      were determined and correlated. The ultrastructural organization corresponds
      essentially to that of the mammalian ear, with the exception of multiple synaptic
      contacts of afferent nerve fibres with inner hair cells and surprisingly large
      numbers of outer spiral fibres.

PMID- 3400443
TI  - Application of electron microscopy to human otopathology. Ultrastructural
      findings in neural presbycusis, Meniere's disease and Usher's syndrome.
AB  - Electron microscopy of well-preserved postmortem specimens of the inner ear of
      the human can provide significant details concerning human otopathology not
      discernible by light microscopy. As examples, ultrastructural findings in neural
      presbycusis, Meniere's disease and Usher's syndrome are presented. In all three
      pathologies there is evidence of neuronal degeneration, particularly within the
      dendritic arborization of the spiral ganglion, which is not observable by light
      microscopy.

PMID- 3400444
TI  - Anatomical parameters of the voice.
AB  - Analysis of the anatomical parameters of the voice allows us to observe the
      relations--which exist not only within the cortical centres but also in the
      underlying centres--between structures governing phonation functions and those
      concerned with the functions of hearing and of language. Voice, articulation,
      speech, language and hearing are so many elements of one and the same function of
      communication.

PMID- 3400446
TI  - Acoustic analysis of pathological voice. Some results of clinical application.
AB  - Tape-recorded voices of 30 patients were acoustically analysed: 10 had glottic
      Tla carcinoma, 10 unilateral vocal fold polyp and 10 unilateral recurrent
      laryngeal nerve paralysis. The carcinoma cases were treated with laser surgery
      with/without radiotherapy, the polyp cases with endolaryngeal microsurgery and
      the paralysis cases with intrafold silicone injection. The acoustic analysis was
      conducted before and after the treatment for each patient. Three acoustic
      parameters, viz. pitch perturbation quotient (PPQ), amplitude perturbation
      quotient (APQ) and normalized noise energy (NNE), were employed. The results were
      as follows: (1) PPQ and APQ were greater in paralysis cases than in carcinoma and
      polyp cases; (2) none of the parameters was useful in differentiating the three
      disease groups investigated; (3) all three parameters proved to be useful in
      monitoring the effects of treatments; (4) all three parameters were positively
      correlated to the grade of hoarseness, rough and breathy quality of hoarseness,
      mean airflow rate and regularity of vocal fold vibration viewed under
      stroboscopy; (5) PPQ, APQ and NNE were positively related to each other.

PMID- 3400445
TI  - From larynx to vocal ability. New electro-physiological data.
AB  - The objectives of phoniatric diagnostics and therapy are the small muscles of the
      voice- and speech-producing organs. Electrodiagnostics of functional and
      neuromuscular disorders in this field are difficult, because of the hidden
      anatomical situation. On the other hand electrodiagnostics enable an objective
      diagnosis and documentation. The method offers the possibility of
      electromyography of the larynx, palate and tongue during voluntary muscle
      contraction and neuromyography after electrostimulation of the afferent nerve,
      especially the X cranial nerve and reflex myography after electrostimulation of
      the contralateral nerve. The theory on which the method is based is described for
      both healthy and diseased neuromuscular units. The convenience of application of
      the electrodes during zoom endoscopy under surface anesthesia in the alert
      patient is shown, with special emphasis on 80 micron copper wire electrodes,
      especially in disorders of coordination. Apart from being well tolerated by the
      patients, the method enables a clear differentiation of organic lesions, i.e.
      into degenerative and non-degenerative paralysis. In addition to this,
      electromyogram reflex measurements can verify psychogenic aphonia or other
      functional dysfunctions. Myopathies and neurological diseases that cause voice
      and speech disorders can be diagnosed using electrodiagnostics. At present the
      main field for this method undoubtedly is the differential diagnosis of palsies;
      but due to its objective measurement and quantitation of disorders of
      coordination it should also be used in the diagnosis of speech and voice
      disorders of different etiologies. Computerized electromyography analysis and
      electro-stimulation with train should enable an even more detailed analysis in
      the future.

PMID- 3400447
TI  - Evoked oto-acoustic emissions from adults and infants: clinical applications.
AB  - Evoked oto-acoustic emissions (EOAEs), i.e. sounds emitted by the cochlea in
      response to a click, are recordable in the ear canal by a miniature microphone.
      They reflect an active cochlear biomechanism based upon OHC function, which
      accounts for the exquisite properties of sensitivity and frequency selectivity of
      the cochlea. EOAE recordings can therefore be considered an objective, easy,
      rapid and non-invasive audiological procedure which can be used to investigate
      the most sensitive part of the cochlea. From our experience of more than 300
      recordings, we propose several clinical applications of EOAEs: 1) objective
      assessment of sensorineural hearing loss; 2) staging Meniere's disease by
      recording glycerol-induced changes; 3) diagnosis of retrocochlear pathology, and
      4) screening of auditory function in infants.

PMID- 3400448
TI  - Mechanical properties of the tectorial membrane in situ.
AB  - According to the classical model of cochlear hair-cell stimulation, the tectorial
      membrane moves in cross-section like a stiff beam, rotating around the lip of the
      spiral limbus. This produces a shearing motion against the reticular lamina and,
      as a result, a radial deflection of the hair-cell stereocilia. The deflection can
      be effectively produced by the tectorial membrane only if its stiffness in the
      radial direction is greater than that of the stereocilia. We were able to
      manipulate the tectorial membrane through a scala-media access in live Mongolian
      gerbils and to measure its transverse and radial stiffness. We found the membrane
      to behave like a rubber band and to be much less stiff than the stereocilia. This
      is incompatible with the classical model. The tectorial membrane must act on the
      stereocilia as a mass load rather than a stiff anchor.

PMID- 3400449
TI  - Maturational changes in the intensity latency relation of the brainstem auditory
      evoked potentials in humans.
AB  - The effects of stimulus intensity variation on brainstem auditory evoked
      potentials have been studied on 111 preterm, 36 fullterm neonates and 50 adults.
      When intensity decreases the lengthening of latencies is greater in preterm
      neonates. This effect is clearer with wave I than waves III and V and suggests an
      immaturity of the basal part of the human cochlea in preterm neonates.

PMID- 3400450
TI  - Ultrastructural features of vocal fold nodules and polyps.
AB  - Earlier investigation did not show any clear distinctive pathological features
      that differentiate vocal polyps from vocal nodules. The light microscopic
      distinctive features between the two lesions point in the direction of a more
      pronounced epithelial reaction and a more fibrous stromal change in vocal
      nodules. In the present study, 19 vocal polyps and 11 vocal nodules were
      subjected to ultrastructural examination aiming at finding distinctive features
      that may be pathognomic for each of these clinically distinct entities. The study
      was carried out by EM Philips 400 T. The results demonstrate that nodules showed
      epithelial changes in the form of gaping of the intercellular junctions and
      absence of the basal lamina in parts. These changes are less apparent in polyps,
      whereas the stromal changes are more pronounced and varied. The significance of
      these results and their interpretation are discussed.

PMID- 3400452
TI  - Skin affection in rhinoscleroma. A clinical, histological and electron
      microscopic study on four patients.
AB  - Clinical, histological and electron microscopic studies were performed on 4
      rhinoscleroma patients with concomitant skin lesions in the upper lip, dorsum of
      the nose and nasolacrymal sac area. The skin lesions were treated locally. One of
      the patients was followed up to 16 years. Histologically, the skin lesions showed
      downward prolongation of the rete pegs. Deep in the dermis, vacuolated Mikulicz
      cells surrounded by lymphocytes and plasma cells were found. By electron
      microscopy, numerous small vacuoles containing fine granular material were seen
      inside Mikulicz cells. A limited number of bacilli were found inside and outside
      these cells. Two clinical entities of rhinoscleroma are observed in Egypt, an
      active granulomatous type with possible extranasal extension, and a less active
      intranasal type with limited mucosal lesions. The skin lesions in rhinoscleroma
      were found to have an unpredictable course.

PMID- 3400451
TI  - Investigations in exaggerated juvenile laryngeal papillomas.
AB  - In the period between 1983 and 1986, 11 cases of juvenile laryngeal papillomas
      (JLP) were treated because of recurrences which were removed many times. One
      special group of 4 cases was isolated from these 11 cases in which papillomas
      grew very rapidly and were resistant to all management. Histological, biochemical
      and immunological investigations were made and the data are given.

PMID- 3400453
TI  - Melanine value in the stria vascularis of pigmented guinea-pigs treated by
      kanamycin.
AB  - In a previous report, kanamycin (400 mg/kg/d) seemed to increase the number of
      melanine granulations in intermediate cells of the stria vascularis, especially
      in the second and third turns. To precise these data, melanine was studied in
      those turns by ultrastructural morphometry in a control group with 12 animals. We
      observed a large intra-individual and inter-individual variation before
      intoxication. Thus, the meaning of melanine modifications by kanamycin must be
      carefully evaluated.

PMID- 3400454
TI  - A prospective study of otitis media in infants born at very-low birthweight.
AB  - Forty-six infants born at very-low birthweight were followed prospectively for a
      one-year period after their discharge from a neonatal intensive care unit.
      Pneumatic otoscopy was used to diagnose otitis media at periodic visits to a
      medical/developmental follow-up program. Twenty-one normal, full-term infants
      routinely cared for in a well-baby nursery served as control subjects and were
      followed similarly for the same time period. No difference was found between the
      two infant groups for the either the percentage of visits infants were considered
      to have normal middle ears bilaterally or otitis media unilaterally or
      bilaterally. Further, for the premature infants, no relationship was found
      between gestational age at birth, birthweight, or length of stay in the intensive
      care unit and percent-visits with otitis media during the first year.

PMID- 3400455
TI  - Pneumococcal middle ear fluid antibodies after pneumococcal acute otitis media in
      infants.
AB  - Forty-one infants, who during their first (initial) acute otitis media (AOM) had
      culturable S. pneumoniae (Pn) in 57 middle ear fluids (MEFs) which prolonged or
      recurred during the follow-up, were observed for 7-15 months for the presence of
      Pn, Pn-antigens (Pn-ags) and initial-type/group Pn-antibodies (Pn-abs) in these
      MEFs. Initially, Pn-abs were found in only 3 MEFs. During the follow-up a total
      of 20 ears (35%) were, at various time-intervals, positive for Pn-abs; they
      belonged to all three major Ig-classes, but were often slight in quantity. Most
      regularly, and often with distinct positivity, Pn-abs were found to type 3, 9N
      and 14. Secretory abs were detected in 5 ears. Within one month after initial
      AOM, Pn-abs appeared in 9 of the 41 ears with MEF (22%); six of them cleared soon
      after that. MEFs with Pn-abs usually did not show initial-type Pn/Pn-ag, but new
      Pn/Pn-ag could later be simultaneously present in recurrent MEF. So, pneumococcal
      AOM may cause a local and/or systemically mediated immune response in the middle
      ear in infants. The response may protect the ear from homologous, but still be
      present in apparently non-homologous otitis media.

PMID- 3400456
TI  - Diurnal fluctuations of middle ear pressures in atelectatic ears.
AB  - The tympanic membrane of 18 atelectatic ears was examined before and immediately
      after nocturnal sleep. On the patients' awakening, eight (44.4%) of these ears
      presented a spontaneous disappearance of the atelectasis. The original
      atelectatic state reappeared thereafter within 75 min (on average). This time
      corresponds to diffusion into the circulation of a gas mixture similar to air.
      The spontaneous autoinflation of atelectatic ears cannot therefore be explained
      by nocturnal CO2 diffusion into the middle ear, as CO2 would rediffuse in a
      matter of 5 min. Nocturnal relaxation of the Eustachian tube muscles with opening
      of the tube and influx of air into the middle ear is the suggested mechanism
      which may be at the root of the phenomenon described in this study. The
      phenomenon itself emphasizes the fluctuating nature of atelectatic conditions,
      and raises questions regarding the cardinal role played by swallowing in aerating
      the middle ear.

PMID- 3400457
TI  - An experimental model for tympanosclerosis. A preliminary report.
AB  - This study deals with an animal model where tympanosclerosis could be evoked with
      high reproducibility during the course of a sterile otitis media, induced by
      Eustachian tube obstruction. The histopathological features of this induced
      lesion were very similar to those reported in human specimens. It was concluded
      that this process is most probably triggered by a mechanical deformation of the
      tympanic membrane.

PMID- 3400458
TI  - The eustachian tube muscles in otitis media. A comparison between eustachian tube
      muscles in healthy and inflamed ears.
AB  - The cross-sectional area of the tensor palati (TP) and levator palati (LP)
      muscles in the mid-portion of the Eustachian tube was measured in serially
      sectioned histological specimens of 35 temporal bones (TB). 17 of the TBs
      presented acute or secretory otitis media. The other 18 TBs showed no evidence of
      inflammatory disease. No significant differences were found between the mean
      sizes of the muscles coming from TBs with acute and secretory otitis media and of
      those from TBs without signs of inflammation. The cross-sectional area of the LP
      was found to be significantly larger than that of the TP. These results raise the
      question as to the actual role of the muscles' size in inflammatory middle ear
      disease in infants and children, and as to the role of the LP.

PMID- 3400459
TI  - Cathepsin D activity in otosclerotic bone and perilymph.
AB  - Otosclerotic bone and perilymph samples obtained during stapedectomy operations
      from patients suffering from pure conductive hearing loss of at least 40 dBs air
      bone gap at 500 Hz. Control perilymph samples derived from patients suffering
      from round window membrane rupture or Meniere's disease. Enzyme activities were
      determined using a synthetic fluorogenic substrate by fluorescence
      spectrophotometry. No significant differences have been found between the protein
      content of otosclerotic and normal or non-otosclerotic perilymph samples.
      Cathepsin D activity was significantly higher (p less than 0.001) in the
      otosclerotic perilymph samples. Otosclerotic stapes footplate contained more
      activity than normal meatal cortical bone as well, though the difference was not
      significant. Biological significance of the elevated Cathepsin D activity must be
      considered.

PMID- 3400460
TI  - Vestibulo-oculomotor disturbances in trigeminal neuralgia and hemifacial spasm.
AB  - Patients with hemifacial spasm and trigeminal neuralgia later treated with
      microvascular decompression and surgical interposition for their vascular loop
      disturbance were investigated preoperatively with electronystagmography, saccade
      test and audiometry. Some of them underwent an extended investigation including
      computerized broad-frequency rotatory test with visual suppression and a
      computerized smooth pursuit test, both tests using sinusoidal as well as
      randomized movement patterns as stimulus. The patients showed a high frequency of
      vestibulo-oculomotor disturbances indicating that the vascular loop, in addition
      to pressure on the trigeminal and facial nerves, also exerted pressure on the
      statoacoustic nerve and/or the brain-stem. It can be deduced that the vascular
      loop may give purely VIII nerve disturbances treatable with surgery, the problem
      being, however, to establish the diagnosis.

PMID- 3400461
TI  - Labyrinthine influences on locus coeruleus neurons.
AB  - The locus coeruleus (LC) complex, located in the dorsolateral pontine tegmentum,
      is composed principally of noradrenergic neurons, which project to broad regions
      of the CNS, including the spinal cord. Experiments were performed in
      precollicular decerebrate cats to ascertain whether units histologically
      identified within the LC complex, and having the physiological characteristics of
      noradrenergic neurons, would respond to sinusoidal stimulation of labyrinth
      receptors. Among 141 LC complex neurons, 16 of which could be activated
      antidromically by stimulation of the spinal cord at T12-L1, 80 (i.e. 56.7%)
      responded to roll tilt of the animal at 0.15 Hz, +/- 10 degrees. The responses
      were particularly related to the extreme animal displacements, thus being
      attributed to stimulation of macular utricular receptors. The proportion of
      responsive units, and also the average gain of the responses, were higher in the
      LCd and the subcoerular (subLC) area than in the LCa. Moreover in the same
      structures the majority of units showed a beta-pattern of response (excitation
      during side-up tilt), which contrasted with the predominant alpha-pattern
      (excitation during side-down tilt) displayed by the previously recorded
      vestibulospinal neurons projecting to the same segments of the spinal cord. The
      role that the noradrenergic coeruleospinal neurons exert in the dynamic control
      of posture during the vestibulospinal reflexes is discussed.

PMID- 3400463
TI  - The relationship of head and brainstem size to main parameters of ABR in the
      developmental age and in adults.
AB  - In a previous investigation the relationship between head size and main
      parameters of ABR, i.e. waves absolute latencies and interwave delays, was
      studied in 55 subjects (1). Significant and positive correlation coefficients
      were found between I-V I.P.I. and the sum of head circumference, nasion-inion,
      and intertragal distances in the age range 7 to 11 years only and not in adult
      age. The purpose of the present study was to verify whether in 11 adults a
      correlation could be demonstrated between ABR parameters and two axial measures
      of brainstem length, calculated on MRI views. A positive and significant
      coefficient was found to exist between these measures and I-V I.P.I. and wave V
      absolute latency.

PMID- 3400462
TI  - Sluggishness of pupillary light contraction in patients with Meniere's disease.
AB  - The pupillary light responses of both eyes were analysed simultaneously at both
      the attack and/or quasiattack stages and the interval stage in 10 patients with
      Meniere's disease, using a computed pupillograph. A sluggishness of pupillary
      contraction on the affected side was found at the attack and/or quasiattack stage
      in 8 out of 10 cases, and disappeared at the interval stage in 7 out of the 8
      cases. However, no significant differences between the left and right pupillary
      contractions were revealed during caloric irrigation of the left or right ear in
      10 normal subjects. Therefore, it can be concluded that the parasympathetic
      defect detected by the sluggishness of pupillary contraction on the affected side
      is directly related to the cause of Meniere's disease and is not the result of a
      labyrinthine disorder caused by the disease.

PMID- 3400464
TI  - Evoked otoacoustic emissions (EOAE) and bone conduction stimulation. A
      preliminary report.
AB  - Otoacoustic emissions were evoked (EOAE) in 6 normal-hearing subjects by both
      bone (BCS) and air conduction stimulation (ACS). Four subjects affected by
      unilateral otosclerosis were also examined in order to determine the role of the
      ossicular chain in EOAE transmission to the eardrum. In normal-hearing subjects,
      EOAE by BCS showed the same characteristics as those evoked by ACS. The
      morphological features remained unchanged over a period of 4 months and their
      amplitude increased non-linearly with increasing stimulus intensity. In subjects
      with unilateral otosclerosis before surgery, no EOAE could be elicited by ACS
      from the otosclerotic ear, whereas they could be recorded by BCS. After
      stapedectomy, EOAE could be obtained by ACS too. These results suggest that the
      ossicular chain is important but not essential in the transfer of the EOAE to the
      eardrum.

PMID- 3400465
TI  - Endogenous peroxidase activity in primary culture of human thyroid cells.
      Localization and measurement.
AB  - Intracellular localization of and an assay method for endogenous peroxidase (PO)
      activity were studied using primary culture of thyroid cells obtained from
      patients with hyperthyroidism. PO activity was visualized by cytochemical
      reaction and was located mainly in perinuclear cisternae and rough endoplasmic
      reticulum. With increased culture time, the number of cells showing positive PO
      activity and amount of the enzyme reaction product in individual cells showed a
      parallel decrease. For measurement of PO activity, cultured thyroid cells were
      frozen and thawed and then incubated with citric acid buffer solution containing
      o-phenylenediamine (opd) and hydrogen peroxide. After incubation, the optical
      density (OD) of the solution colorized by endogenous peroxidase was measured at
      405 nm using a microplate reader. About 1 X 10(4) cells were sufficient for assay
      of PO activity. Using the above method to assay PO activity and sandwich enzyme
      immunoassay for thyroglobulin (TG), chronological changes in the PO activity and
      TG concentration in the culture medium were examined. Although the cells showed
      no decrease in number, PO activity and TG concentration decreased
      chronologically. When the ratio of PO activity to TG concentration was
      calculated, in 3 cases the ratio was almost constant, and in the remaining two,
      it decreased chronologically. The present biochemical method thus seems useful
      for determining peroxidase activity of cultured thyroid en masse.

PMID- 3400467
TI  - Immunohistochemistry of desmin and vimentin in smooth muscle tumors of the
      digestive tract.
AB  - The expression of desmin and vimentin in 35 "smooth muscle tumors" of the
      digestive tract was investigated using formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded
      materials and the indirect immunoperoxidase method. Fourteen of 15 esophageal
      tumors and two of 15 gastric tumors were categorized as benign leiomyoma with low
      cellularity, and immunohistochemically were desmin-positive and vimentin-negative
      as were normal muscle layers of the digestive tract. The remaining tumors showed
      moderate to high cellularity: Six tumors seemed to be malignant on the basis of
      frequent mitosis and/or nuclear atypia, while 11 were considered to be of
      borderline malignancy. This cellular tumor group exhibited consistent vimentin
      immunoreactivity, but desmin was negative or only weakly and/or focally positive.
      S-100 protein was fundamentally negative in these tumors. The pitfalls of
      studying desmin immunohistochemistry as a routine diagnostic tool in surgical
      pathology are discussed.

PMID- 3400466
TI  - A morphological study of the left bundle branch in the normal human heart.
AB  - To clarify the distribution pattern of the left bundle branch (LBB) in the human
      heart, the AV conduction system was studied in 13 autopsied hearts obtained from
      subjects aged 50 to 80 years. Vertical serial sections (7 micron) of the bundle
      of His and LBB were prepared and every 20th section was stained alternately with
      hematoxylin-eosin (HE) or by the elastica van Gieson (EVG) method and examined by
      light microscopy. Reconstruction was performed using a two-dimensional system in
      order to histologically differentiate the bundle cells from Purkinje cells. The
      LBB bifurcated into the anterior and posterior radiations and the cells in the
      septal portion were almost all Purkinje cells except in two cases showing a
      septal branch between the two radiations. The LBB usually branched widely from
      the bundle of His. An extremely anterior fascicle of the LBB was found in all
      cases. The distribution of the LBB at the top of the ventricular septum was
      divided into network and continuous types. Purkinje cells were present on both
      the atrial and apical sides of the two main radiations. It was suggested that
      these findings resulted from the fact that we morphologically differentiated the
      bundle cells from Purkinje cells by light microscopy.

PMID- 3400468
TI  - Choriocarcinoma of the esophagus producing chorionic gonadotropin.
AB  - An autopsy case of primary esophageal choriocarcinoma in a 42-year-old Japanese
      male is reported. The tumor was pure choriocarcinoma typical hemorrhagic and
      necrotic nature occupying almost the entire circumference of the mid-esophagus.
      The choriocarcinoma had metastasized to the liver, lung and lymph nodes. In the
      esophageal tumor, immunohistochemical staining showed the presence of mainly
      human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), with human placental lactogen (HPL) in a few
      syncytiotrophoblastic cells. Only 3 cases of extragonadal choriocarcinoma
      originating in the esophagus have been reported up to now. The possible
      pathogenesis and pathological characteristics of primary esophageal
      choriocarcinoma are discussed.

PMID- 3400469
TI  - Benign clear cell tumor of the lung. A histopathologic study.
AB  - Benign clear cell tumor of the lung is extremely rare, and its histogenesis is
      still in dispute. We experienced a case of this neoplasm in the lung of a 28-year
      old man, and carried out a study using both light and electron microscopy and
      immunohistochemistry. Histologically, the tumor was composed of sheets of large
      round or polygonal cells with abundant clear cytoplasm surrounded by thin-walled
      blood vessels. Electron microscopy showed granules (180 nm in diameter) in the
      cytoplasm. Immunohistochemically, S-100 protein-positive tumor cells were seen,
      but other neural markers and the markers for epithelial, muscular, vascular,
      histiocytic and endocrine cell origins were negative. The histogenesis of this
      pulmonary neoplasm could not be definitively determined, but its neural cell
      origin remains a possibility.

PMID- 3400470
TI  - Bronchial carcinoid tumor mimicking acinic cell tumor.
AB  - A rare case of carcinoid tumor mimicking an acinic cell tumor is presented. A
      bicameral tumor measuring 8 x 6 mm in size was recognized in the right lung
      (B5bi) upon gross examination. Microscopically, the tumor consisted of basophilic
      polygonal cells forming an acinar pattern. Ultrastructurally, the majority of
      tumor cells had large membrane-bound cytoplasmic granules, measuring about 600 nm
      in diameter, which were similar to secretary granules of serous acinar cells
      (zymogen granules). These findings suggested that the tumor might be an acinic
      cell tumor originating from the bronchial gland. However, tumor cells were shown
      to be negative for periodic and Schiff (PAS) stain or lactoferrin, lysozyme and
      amylase immunohistochemically. On the other hand, they were shown to be
      argyrophilic by Grimelius stain and showed immunohistochemically positive
      reaction for serotonin, suggesting that the granules were neurosecretory granules
      and not zymogen granules. Based on these findings, we concluded that this tumor
      was an unusual variant of carcinoid tumor mimicking acinic cell tumor. Although
      carcinoid tumor has a wide histological spectrum, there has been no reported
      case, to our knowledge, of acinic cell tumor-like carcinoid tumor.

PMID- 3400472
TI  - [Synthesis and cardiotonic activities of 5-substituted-4-methyl-1,3- dihydro-2H
      imidazol-2-ones].

PMID- 3400471
TI  - [The physiological dispositions of 10-hydroxy-delta 2-decenoic acid (10-HDA) in
      rats and mice].

PMID- 3400473
TI  - [Chemical studies of Epimedium wushanense T. S. Ying].

PMID- 3400474
TI  - [HPLC determination of piroxicam contents in piroxicam suppositories].

PMID- 3400476
TI  - [Application of signal multiplier derivative spectrophotometry and equivalent
      derivate derivative spectrophotometry to the determination of promethazine and
      paracetamol in xiretong injection].

PMID- 3400475
TI  - [Determination of methotrexate by higher derivative convolution polarography].

PMID- 3400477
TI  - [Study on microspheres for embolization of the hepatic artery].

PMID- 3400478
TI  - [The chemical structure of neohyacinthoside].

PMID- 3400479
TI  - [A new sesquiterpene lactone from Sarcandra glabra].

PMID- 3400480
TI  - [Effect of Allium cepa L. var. agrogatum Don and Allium macrostemon Bunge on
      arachidonic acid metabolism].

PMID- 3400481
TI  - Comparison of the subrenal capsule assay and succinate dehydrogenase inhibition
      test as drug sensitivity tests for cancer.
AB  - The same chemotherapeutic agents were tested against fresh surgical explants of
      solid tumors obtained from 50 patients using the in vivo subrenal capsule (SRC)
      assay and the in vitro succinate dehydrogenase inhibition (SDI) test in
      comparison. Control growth adequate to meet evaluable assay criteria was obtained
      in 36 of the 50 tumors tested in the SRC assay (72.0%). In the SDI test, 46 of 50
      tumors were evaluable (92.0%). Correlations between the two test systems were
      dependent upon the activity criteria established for each system. With activity
      criteria set at a change of less than or equal to -2.0 in the drug sensitivity
      score for the SRC assay and greater than or equal to 50.0% inhibition of
      succinate dehydrogenase activity for the SDI test, 12.5% of the drugs tested were
      active in the SRC assay and 22.3% were active in the SDI test. Correlations of
      tumor response between the two test systems were 31.7% for sensitivity (13/41)
      and 95.1% for resistance (98/103). In spite of the fundamental difference between
      the SRC assay and SDI test, meaningful correlations between the test results and
      clinical tumor responses in both test systems were obtained. This fact suggests
      that the two methods are complementary to each other.

PMID- 3400482
TI  - Multivariate analysis of dermatoglyphics of severe mental retardates: an
      application of the constellation graphical method for discriminant analysis.
AB  - We studied the dermatoglyphics of 353 severe mental retardates (excluding those
      with chromosomal abnormalities and major limb malformations), using multivariate
      analysis, to determine how early intrauterine factors are related to the etiology
      of mental retardation. First, dermatoglyphics were compared between 140
      individuals with undefined prenatal factors and 700 normal controls. After 6 and
      9 dermatoglyphic traits were chosen as discriminative variables for males and
      females, respectively, the data were subjected separately for each sex to the
      constellation graphical method for discriminant analysis. The same formula as
      obtained in the idiopathic group was subsequently applied to data from cases in
      other etiological categories. When the misclassification rate was 0.03, the rates
      of correct classification of the male patients into the etiological categories of
      undefined prenatal, defined prenatal, perinatal, postnatal and unknown (no
      anamnestic data available) categories were 19.7% (13/66), 20.0% (3/15), 8.8%
      (5/57), 5.0% (1/20) and 7.7% (2/26), while the correct classification rates of
      females were 24.3% (18/74), 42.1% (8/19), 18.9% (7/37), 5.1% (1/16) and 13.0%
      (3/23), respectively. The results suggest that early intrauterine factors such as
      those producing dermatoglyphic deviations may contribute to the pathogenesis of
      severe mental retardation not only in patients with undefined prenatal
      etiological factors but also in those with perinatal factors, especially those of
      the female sex.

PMID- 3400483
TI  - Psychological, neuropsychiatric, and substance abuse aspects of AIDS.

PMID- 3400484
TI  - Neuropsychiatric impairment in patients with AIDS.

PMID- 3400485
TI  - Suppression of human and mouse lymphocyte proliferation by cocaine.

PMID- 3400486
TI  - Gender differences in response to HIV infection.
AB  - There is strong epidemiologic evidence from studies of i.v. drug users in New
      York City for the existence of one or more gender-related cofactors in response
      to HIV infection. The strength of the evidence comes from the variety of data
      sets that indicate a gender-related cofactor and from the consistency of the
      pattern found: in all of the data sets, females appear to have a more "favorable"
      response than do males. The extent of underrepresentation of females in the cases
      of AIDS in i.v. drug users--a possible 35% reduction in the development of
      clinical AIDS-suggests that such a cofactor should be considered of practical
      importance. Identifying the mechanism(s) for a gender difference may lead to ways
      of deliberately affecting the course of the infection. Further research on the
      gender difference may also contribute to our understanding of interactions among
      the various components of the immune system and the interaction of the immune
      system with other behavioral and physiologic systems.

PMID- 3400488
TI  - Dystonia 2. Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Torsion
      Dystonia. Harriman, New York, 1986.

PMID- 3400487
TI  - Models for understanding the psychiatric consequences of AIDS.

PMID- 3400489
TI  - Long-term treatment with levodopa in a family with autosomal dominant torsion
      dystonia.

PMID- 3400490
TI  - Trajectory control in dystonia.

PMID- 3400492
TI  - High-affinity choline uptake in cultured skin fibroblasts from individuals with
      dystonia.
AB  - High-affinity (3H)choline uptake was compared in cultured skin fibroblasts
      derived from 15 normal volunteers and 21 unrelated individuals with primary
      childhood-onset dystonia. Dystonia cell lines did not differ significantly from
      the control cell lines, regardless of whether they were derived from individuals
      exhibiting a positive or negative response to anticholinergic drug therapy. The
      analysis was extended to members of a large non-Jewish kindred characterized by
      apparent autosomal dominant inheritance of dystonia. The rate of high-affinity
      [3H]choline uptake in cells from the affected members of the family did not
      differ significantly from that measured in the cell lines from unaffected
      individuals. The results suggest that a generalized cellular defect in high
      affinity choline uptake is not involved in the pathogenesis of dystonia.

PMID- 3400491
TI  - Biochemical findings in symptomatic dystonias.

PMID- 3400494
TI  - Acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase in cerebrospinal fluid from
      patients with dystonia.

PMID- 3400493
TI  - Do the neurochemical characteristics of fibroblasts in tissue culture predict the
      therapeutic drug response of dystonia patients?

PMID- 3400495
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging of dystonic states.

PMID- 3400496
TI  - Epidemiology of dystonia in Rochester, Minnesota.

PMID- 3400497
TI  - Myoclonus and dystonia: a family study.

PMID- 3400498
TI  - Hereditary myoclonic dystonia, hereditary torsion dystonia and hereditary
      essential myoclonus: an area of confusion.

PMID- 3400499
TI  - Paroxysmal non-kinesigenic dystonia.
AB  - We reviewed the records of all patients with paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dystonia
      seen at Dystonia Clinical Research Center. Of the total of 25 patients, three
      subgroups based on etiology were discerned: primary sporadic (7 patients),
      psychogenic (11 patients), and symptomatic (7 patients). There were no patients
      with primary paroxysmal dystonia with a family history of a similar disorder.
      Although many of the characteristics of our sporadic cases were similar to those
      of familial paroxysmal dystonia reported in the literature, numerous differences
      were noted including adult onset, female predominance, and variability in the
      duration and frequency of attacks. In certain cases an overlap with PKC was
      found. Clonazepam and acetazolamide were effective in several patients.

PMID- 3400500
TI  - Tardive dystonia.
AB  - We retrospectively reviewed the clinical course and response to treatment of 67
      patients with tardive dystonia. The age at onset ranged from 13 to 72 years
      without predilection to any particular age group or sex. Patients developed
      tardive dystonia even after relatively short duration of exposure to dopamine
      antagonists (21% within 1 year). Five of 42 patients withdrawn from these drugs
      remitted. Overall clinical improvement occurred in 52% of patients. Tetrabenazine
      and reserpine were most effective (greater than 50% response rate) in controlling
      dystonia. Anticholinergic drugs diminished dystonia in 46% of patients. In
      conclusion, this review supports our original concept of tardive dystonia as a
      subtype of tardive dyskinesia, which is quite disabling, usually persistent, and
      difficult to treat. Although anticholinergics and dopamine-depleting drugs
      frequently improved symptoms, treatment with them only rarely led to a remission
      or satisfactory control of symptoms. The difficulty of treating this condition
      necessitates reemphasis of one important observation of this study, that this
      condition may develop early in the course of dopamine antagonist treatment; there
      is no minimum period of exposure which can be considered safe. These drugs must
      therefore be used only for correct medical indications, and every attempt should
      be made to withdraw them at the first sign of dyskinesia, particularly of the
      dystonic type.

PMID- 3400501
TI  - Psychogenic dystonia.

PMID- 3400502
TI  - Inheritance of idiopathic torsion dystonia among Ashkenazi Jews.
AB  - The mechanism(s) of inheritance of primary dystonia are unclear. An autosomal
      recessive form among Ashkenazi Jews and an autosomal dominant form among non-Jews
      have been proposed. However, the patterns of inheritance, particularly among
      Ashkenazim, are controversial. In this report we have reviewed the literature
      particularly as it pertains to the mode of inheritance among Ashkenazim. We also
      report the results of a pilot study of the families of 25 independently
      ascertained Ashkenazi probands with onset of primary dystonia before age 27
      years. A total of 91/98 living first-degree relatives were examined; of these 91,
      86 were greater than or equal to 8 years of age at time of examination and were
      included in our analysis. Overall, 14/86 (16.3%) of first-degree relatives were
      affected. We found 11.4% (4/35) of parents, 22.2% (8/36) of siblings, and 13.3%
      (2/15) of offspring were definitely affected. This finding of an approximately
      equal risk to parents, siblings, and offspring is consistent with autosomal
      dominant transmission with a minimum penetrance of 32.6%. Our findings do not
      support autosomal recessive or multifactorial inheritance.

PMID- 3400503
TI  - Writer's cramp.

PMID- 3400504
TI  - Spasmodic torticollis: clinical and biologic features and their implications for
      focal dystonia.
AB  - A previous investigation of IST in Rochester, Minnesota, from 1960 through 1979
      yielded an incidence of 1.1/100,000 person-years. The rate in women was almost
      three times higher than that in men. Thyroid disorders, other endocrine
      disorders, right-hand preference, symptomatic ovarian cysts, other disorders of
      the female genito-reproductive system, emotional depression, cerebral aneurysm,
      and family history of diabetes mellitus were common. In 347 cases of IST
      personally evaluated (151 seen between 1969-1971, a sample of 49 seen in 1978,
      and 147 other cases evaluated in 1985) the female-to-male ratio was 1.6:1. The
      mean age at onset was 43.5 years for women and 42 years for men, and the
      distributions of age at onset were virtually identical for the two sexes. Thyroid
      disorder was prevalent in all three referral patients samples. The increased
      frequency of thyroid disorder was due to a high overall frequency in female
      patients, 28.4% (95% confidence interval, 22.3-34.4%). Thyroid disorders were 4.5
      times more frequent in women with IST than in men with IST. In the control
      population of 61 patients with peripheral sensory neuropathy, in which sex
      distribution and mean age at onset of symptoms were comparable to those in IST
      patients, the incidence of thyroid disorder overall was only 8.2% (in women,
      6.6%). Only 12 of the 347 referral IST patients were non-right-handers. Five of
      these 12 were female patients (2.3% of the 215 women; 95% confidence interval,
      0.3-4.3%), significantly below the anticipated frequency (10%) or the observed
      frequency (10% and 15.16%) in two attempted control populations. Light eyes seem
      to be unusually common in IST patients, as are personal and family histories of
      essential tremor. These results may reflect shared biologic risk factors which
      relate age, gender or estradiol/testosterone function, cerebral anatomic and
      chemical lateralization, endocrinopathy including elevated thyrotropin levels,
      immune status, emotional depression, common cells of origin in the neural crest,
      race, and familial occurrence to IST and other focal dystonias and essential
      tremor.

PMID- 3400506
TI  - Blink reflex studies in patients with focal dystonias.

PMID- 3400505
TI  - Non-dystonic causes of torticollis.

PMID- 3400507
TI  - The pathophysiology of cranial dystonia.

PMID- 3400508
TI  - Spasmodic dysphonia.

PMID- 3400509
TI  - Experience with high dosages of anticholinergic and other drugs in the treatment
      of torsion dystonia.

PMID- 3400510
TI  - The predictive value of acute antimuscarinic drugs for the chronic efficacy of
      antimuscarinic drugs in adults with focal dystonia.

PMID- 3400511
TI  - Botulinum toxin treatment of blepharospasm.

PMID- 3400512
TI  - Botulinum toxin in spasmodic torticollis.

PMID- 3400514
TI  - Thalamotomy in generalized dystonia.
AB  - A prospective long-term semiquantitative evaluation of the results of ventral
      intermediate-posterior ventral oral nucleus thalamotomy on the different aspects
      of dystonia was made in 29 patients with secondary disease, 12 with nonfamilial,
      eight with (non-Jewish) familial, and seven with atypical DMD. The effect of
      disease progression, even in secondary patients, on surgical outcome was
      reviewed. Thalamotomy resulted in a long-term improvement in limb function of
      more than 25% to 50% in 23% of the patients, over 50% in 34% of patients, but
      midline features responded poorly. Manual dexterity was little changed in
      secondary cases because of underlying paralysis but improved 38% in cases of DMD.
      Involvement of neck and trunk, of three to four limbs, and progressive disease
      prognosticated for a poorer result, but phasic and tonic, familial, and
      nonfamilial dystonia respond equally well and age at surgery made no difference.
      Significant complications in 29 secondary cases included one death 31 days
      postoperative, one case of worsened hemiparesis, two cases of worsened
      dysarthria, two cases of worsened locomotion, one case of hydrocephalus requiring
      shunting, and one case of need for permanent tracheotomy. In 27 cases of typical
      and atypical DMD, there were two instances of hemiparesis, two of significant
      speech deterioration, three of hand ataxia, one of postoperative seizures, and
      one of hydrocephalus requiring shunting for an overall significant morbidity rate
      of 21%. The limiting factor in treating secondary dystonia is the underlying
      spastic paralysis but that in DMD is the relentless postoperative progression.
      The overall results of this study are remarkably similar to those of other
      published series: a quarter of the patients improved by 25% to 50%, a quarter to
      a third by more than 50%. The analysis of effect on specific features of the
      disease may be useful in the future for predicting outcome in a particular
      patient.

PMID- 3400513
TI  - Localized injections of botulinum toxin for the treatment of focal dystonia and
      hemifacial spasm.

PMID- 3400515
TI  - Selective peripheral denervation in 111 cases of spasmodic torticollis: rationale
      and results.
AB  - Selective peripheral denervation was performed in 111 patients with total or
      marked relief of symptoms in 97 (87%). There have been no complications and the
      only sequelae have been atrophy of the denervated muscles and anesthesia in the
      territory of the occipital nerves.

PMID- 3400516
TI  - Linkage studies in families with dystonia: linkage analysis as a tool to locate
      and characterize the gene(s) for dystonia.

PMID- 3400517
TI  - Hereditary torsion dystonia in gypsies.

PMID- 3400518
TI  - Autosomal dominant torsion dystonia in a Swedish family.

PMID- 3400519
TI  - Clinical course of idiopathic torsion dystonia among Jews in Israel.

PMID- 3400520
TI  - [Organic impotence in the male. Papers presented at the 52d meeting of the
      Belgian Society of Urology. Brussels, 13-14 June 1987].

PMID- 3400521
TI  - [Neuro-autonomic innervation of the penis. Experimental study in rats].

PMID- 3400522
TI  - Neurophysiologic parameters in evaluation of erectile dysfunction.

PMID- 3400523
TI  - Penile air plethysmography with a volumetric transducer.

PMID- 3400525
TI  - Differential diagnosis in erectile impotence. Intracorporeal papaverine injection
      and RigiScan tumescence and rigidity monitoring.

PMID- 3400524
TI  - Physiologic methods of diagnosing organic impotence in diabetic males and
      diabetic females.

PMID- 3400526
TI  - [Are intracavernous injections of drugs for impotence harmless?].

PMID- 3400527
TI  - Intracavernous injection of papaverine, phentolamine and phenoxybenzamine.

PMID- 3400528
TI  - Experiences with a standardized diagnostic procedure on out-patient basis in 150
      impotent males.

PMID- 3400529
TI  - Nocturnal computed rigidity and tumescence evaluation in the prevention of the
      iatrogenic priapism.

PMID- 3400530
TI  - [Intracavernous papaverine in impotence. Radiographic and manometric studies].

PMID- 3400531
TI  - Yohimbine plus intracavernous vasodilators in mild vasculogenic impotence.

PMID- 3400532
TI  - [Impotence due to venous leakage. Observations apropos of 60 cases].

PMID- 3400533
TI  - Techniques for performing cavernosometry and cavernosography.

PMID- 3400535
TI  - Venous leakage, often a neurologic disorder?

PMID- 3400534
TI  - [Surgical treatment of impotence due to perineal venous leakage].

PMID- 3400536
TI  - Pudendal arteriography, without penile vasodilatation: practically worthless!

PMID- 3400537
TI  - Peyronie's disease and impotence.

PMID- 3400538
TI  - The surgical treatment of psychogenic impotence.

PMID- 3400539
TI  - Shape and consistence of a reliable penile implant.

PMID- 3400540
TI  - [The judicious use of prosthetic materials in the treatment of sexual impotence.
      Apropos of 2 cases].

PMID- 3400541
TI  - [A clinical review of 30 pheochromocytoma patients].
AB  - A study of 30 cases of pheochromocytoma encountered at our department between
      1959 and 1986 is presented. Fourteen patients were males and 16 were females.
      Their ages ranged from 18 to 72 years with a peak incidence in the fifties.
      Hypertension was present in 87% of the patients. The incidence of extra-adrenal
      tumors was 30% and that of malignancy 7%. The 24-hr urinary level of
      catecholamine was to a certain degree in accord with the location of the tumor
      and type of hypertension. Computed tomography and venous sampling were very
      useful for the diagnosis which had an accuracy rate of 100% in this series.
      Preoperative management using an alpha-blocker was effective in controlling blood
      pressure and circulating blood volume in most cases. Postoperative blood pressure
      was normalized within a week after operation in 85% of the patients who had been
      suffering from hypertension, although elevated levels of norepinephrine in urine
      were still noted in 56% of the patients one week after operation. Of the 27
      follow-up cases, 21 cases (78%) were in good health and 2 cases were alive with
      hypertension with a mean follow-up period of 8.1 years. Four patients died, one
      during angiography, one of pulmonary edema one day after operation and the other
      2 of metastases of malignant pheochromocytoma.

PMID- 3400542
TI  - [Five cases of primary aldosteronism: a comparative study on diagnosis for
      localization of adrenal tumor].
AB  - Five cases of primary aldosteronism are reported, and several techniques to
      localize the tumor were evaluated. On computed tomography which is a noninvasive
      technique, low density areas were identified in all cases, and definite adenomas
      were clearly detected in three of five cases. Adrenal scintigraphy with 131I-19
      iodocholesterol is another noninvasive technique that showed unilaterally
      increased uptake in two cases. Dexamethasone inhibits the uptake of labeled
      cholesterol by hyperplastic or normal glands but does not interfere with the
      uptake by an adenoma. Using this technique, it was possible to lateralize
      additionally the tumor in one case. Adrenal venography which is an invasive
      technique that showed a circular deformity with tumor depicted the tumor in only
      one case. However, the venous effluent was sampled simultaneously from both
      glands and the plasma aldosterone concentration in each sample assayed. An
      increase in aldosterone concentration on only one side localizes the aldosterone
      producing adenoma to that side. The method was highly accurate, and provided the
      correct diagnosis preoperatively in all cases. Being a noninvasive technique,
      computed tomography and adrenal scintigraphy should be undertaken initially, and
      venography coupled with measurements of aldosterone concentrations in the left
      and right adrenal venous effluent could be a definitive procedure before surgery.

PMID- 3400543
TI  - [Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy with EDAP LT-01 lithotriptor].
AB  - Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) by EDAP LT-01 was used to treat 77
      patients with upper urinary tract stones. A total of 218 sessions were performed
      for 111 stones in 52 kidney units and 41 stones in 37 upper ureter units, and 77%
      of the 52 kidney stone units and 62% of the 37 ureter units were completely
      disintegrated. The success of fragmentation of kidney stones differed with the
      size of the stone, 96% of the stones less than 21 mm and 63% of the 8 stones
      between 21 and 30 mm were successfully fragmented. The success of fragmentation
      of ureteral stones differed auxiliary manipulation. Eighty-one percent of the 21
      ureteral stones moved into the kidney, were successfully disintegrated, but 40%
      of the 20 stones unmoved could be disintegrated with retrograde manipulation. Of
      the 62 successful units, 89% became stone free within 3 months. Complications
      were subcapsular renal hematoma in 3 patients and obstruction in 5 patients. The
      initial 25 patients were treated under epidural anesthesia and 52 patients were
      treated without anesthesia. The results show that the indication of ESWL with LT
      01 is better for the stones smaller than 30 mm and the indication should be
      determined after a couple of sessions for stones greater than 30 mm. ESWL with LT
      01 can be performed on an out-patient basis without anesthesia in many cases.

PMID- 3400544
TI  - [Retrograde nephrostomy for percutaneous nephrolithotomy].
AB  - Between June, 1985 and November, 1986, 25 patients at our institute underwent
      retrograde nephrostomy placement to provide percutaneous access to the kidney for
      percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) of renal or upper ureteral calculi. Overall,
      retrograde nephrostomy was successfully completed through the desired calyx in
      80% of the patients and calculi were successfully removed by the subsequent PNL.
      There were 5 failures primarily due to wrong indication and inexperience with the
      technique. The procedures had been done without significant complications in this
      series including unsuccessful cases. On the basis of our experiences, it is
      practically important for successful retrograde nephrostomy to fix the tip of the
      catheter firmly in the desired calyx until the puncture wire is advanced into the
      renal parenchyma. It is also important to aim the puncture wire at the skin in a
      favorable direction to avoid adjacent visceral penetration. Retrograde
      nephrostomy is a useful aid for percutaneous calculus removal particularly in
      patients with nondilated intrarenal collecting systems, because this new
      technique allows precise tract placement to the kidney required for efficient
      calculus manipulation with less risk than that associated with conventional
      percutaneous nephrostomy.

PMID- 3400545
TI  - [Renal cell carcinoma in the solitary kidney].
AB  - We have treated surgically 5 patients with renal cell carcinoma in the solitary
      kidney. The cause of renal absence was nephrectomy for renal stones, in 2
      patients and renal tuberculosis, renal cyst and renal hypoplasia in 1 patient
      each. Four of the 5 patients died. One of the 4 patients died 5 days after
      surgery due to gastrointestinal bleeding, 1 due to metastasis, 1 due to gastric
      cancer and one due to hemodialysis complications. Surgical management of renal
      cell carcinoma of solitary kidney is discussed.

PMID- 3400546
TI  - [Surgical treatment for metastatic lesions from renal cell carcinoma].
AB  - We report our experience on operations for solitary metastasis from renal cell
      carcinoma. Two cases had bone metastasis, and 2 cases brain metastasis. In 3
      cases, the symptoms from the metastasis had remained absent for several months
      after the operation. One case was cancer-free for 2 years. Surgical treatment was
      useful for the solitary metastasis from the renal cell carcinoma. We examined
      both the primary lesion and metastatic lesion histopathologically. Pathological
      findings revealed grade-up and change of cell subtype in metastasis.

PMID- 3400547
TI  - [Combination effects of CDDP and hyperthermia in mouse bladder tumor (MBT-2)].
AB  - The combination effects of CDDP and hyperthermia in mouse bladder tumor (MBT-2)
      were investigated both in vivo and in vitro. MBT-2 was transplanted into the hind
      leg of a C3H/He mouse. Then the leg was dipped in a hot water bath immediately
      after the intraperitoneal administration of CDDP. The antitumor effects were
      evaluated from tumor volume. The CDDP plus hyperthermia (43 degrees C) group
      showed remarkable tumor growth retardation. The in vitro colony forming assay
      showed that MBT-2 cultured cells treated with CDDP at 42 degrees C exhibited
      great colony forming inhibition in comparison with the CDDP alone cells. The
      effects of CDDP plus hyperthermia on the cell cycle progression of MBT-2 cultured
      cells were studied by using flow cytometry. The results showed that the cells
      treated with CDDP at 42 degrees C exhibited an accumulation of cells in the C2
      phase for many hours as compared with the CDDP alone cells, indicating thermal
      enhancement of DNA damage in MBT-2 cultured cells treated with CDDP.

PMID- 3400548
TI  - [Transurethral resection of bladder neck in female patients with neurogenic
      bladder].
AB  - Transurethral resection of the bladder neck was performed in 6 female patients
      with neurogenic bladders who presented with a large volume of residual urine and
      bladder neck obstruction on voiding cystourethrography without detrusor
      hyperreflexia on cystometry. In 4 of the patients, transurethral sphincterotomy
      was performed concomitantly. Five of the patients demonstrated significant
      improvement in bladder emptying and 4 did not need self-catheterization. No
      complications of the operation were observed.

PMID- 3400549
TI  - [Obturator foramen approach in vasovasostomy: studies on a cadaver].
AB  - We tested the obturator foramen approach first reported by Shafik in 1982, on an
      84-year-old male cadaver. By this approach, the ductus deferens is by-passed
      through the obturator foramen for the reanastomosis in patients who require
      excision of a long segment of the ductus deferens. The length of the ductus
      deferens spared by this method was 10.5 cm. Preservation of the deferential
      artery and protection of the obturator nerve and vessels were considered to be
      essential in the operation. When the ductus deferens was cut more distal than the
      internal inguinal ring, this method was not feasible because the distal part of
      the vas was too short to come out to the upper scrotal region through the
      obturator foramen.

PMID- 3400550
TI  - [A case of superselective transcatheter embolization for injured renal segmental
      artery associated with percutaneous nephroureterolithotomy (PNL)].
AB  - A case in which the renal segmental artery was injured due to percutaneous
      nephroureterolithotomy (PNL) and treated by superselective transcatheter
      embolization is reported. The patient was a 30-year-old man with left ureteral
      and bilateral renal calculi. The left renal and ureteral calculi were
      successfully removed by PNL and a 24Fr. nephrostomy catheter was placed for 8
      days after PNL. A few minutes after removal of the nephrostomy catheter, arterial
      bleeding, which seemed to occur due to injury of renal segmental artery
      associated with PNL, began. The bleeding was stopped by replacement of a 24Fr.
      nephrostomy catheter and the patient received 5 units of packed red blood cells.
      Six days after hemorrhage, superselective transcatheter embolization was
      performed. No further bleeding occurred and the nephrostomy catheter was removed
      2 days later without any incident. This interventional technique is safe and
      useful to control bleeding from renal segmental artery injured by PNL.

PMID- 3400551
TI  - [A case of metastasis of gastric cancer to spermatic cord].
AB  - A 63-year-old man underwent total gastrectomy and partial resection of the
      transverse colon for Borrman IV gastric cancer on August 27, 1985. On August 8,
      1986, 11 months after the operation, he visited our department with chief
      complaint of swelling of both groins. The spermatic cord was swollen to about 3
      cm in diameter from both groins to inside of the scrotum and was hard as a club.
      The diagnosis of bilateral spermatic cord metastasis of gastric cancer was
      established and a biopsy was carried out. Histopathologically the diagnosis of
      spermatic cord metastasis of gastric cancer was confirmed.

PMID- 3400552
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of long-term administration of terodiline hydrochloride for
      the treatment of patients with pollakisuria and incontinence].
AB  - We evaluated the effectiveness and side effects of long-term administration of
      terodiline hydrochloride in patients with chief complaints of pollakisuria or
      incontinence or both due to unstable bladder or neurogenic bladder associated
      with uninhibited contraction. The dose was 24 mg once daily. The symptoms such as
      pollakisuria and incontinence improved in 31 out of 41 patients (76%). Mild side
      effects were observed in 12 out of 47 patients (26%), which were thirst,
      dizziness, dysuria, urticaria and gastrointestinal symptoms. An increasing
      tendency of both maximum desire to void and compliance (p less than 0.10), and
      significant difference in maximum static pressure (p less than 0.05) were
      observed on urodynamic examinations before and after administration of this
      medicine. The results obtained from this study suggest that terodiline
      hydrochloride may be greatly recommended for patients with such symptoms as
      pollakisuria and incontinence.

PMID- 3400553
TI  - [Clinical effects of terodiline hydrochloride for urinary frequency and sense of
      residual urine].
AB  - The clinical effects of terodiline hydrochloride were evaluated in forty-four
      patients with urinary frequency and/or sense of residual urine. After a four-week
      treatment with 24 mg terodiline hydrochloride once daily, subjective symptoms
      were improved and micturition frequency was decreased significantly. Slight
      dysuria was reported as a side effect only in one patient. Terodiline
      hydrochloride is considered to be superiorly effective and safe for the treatment
      of urinary frequency and sense of residual urine.

PMID- 3400554
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of long-term administration with terodiline hydrochloride
      for the treatment of patients with neurogenic bladder].
AB  - Terodiline HCl was administered in a long-term study to 20 patients with
      neurogenic bladder and pollakisuria. Its efficacy on urinary frequency and
      urinary incontinence was studied together with its safety and changes in blood
      concentration. The dosing period extended from 2 through 53 weeks (21 weeks on
      the average). The drug was found effective in 62% of diurnal urinary frequency
      patients, 71% of nocturnal urinary frequency, 73% of urinary incontinence, and
      69% of nocturnal enuresis. Side effects of dizziness and nasal obstruction were
      seen in only one case. The drug was judged to be useful in 75% of the patients
      studied. Terodiline HCl showed no further increase in plasma concentration due to
      the long-term administration, and it disappeared from plasma within one to two
      months after the last dosing.

PMID- 3400555
TI  - [Transfer of cefoperazone into exudate from postoperative wound].
AB  - The levels of cefoperazone (CPZ) in the exudate from the postoperative would were
      measured in 10 cases for which CPZ was employed for prophylaxis of postoperative
      infections. The mean total volume of the exudate from postoperative wounds in
      these patients was 96.3 +/- 77.81 ml on Day 1, 14.6 +/- 17.1 ml on Day 2, 17.2 +/
      14.3 ml on Day 3, 32.0 +/- 17.0 ml on Day 4 and 34.0 ml (n = 1) on Day 5 of the
      postoperative period, and their CPZ level was, respectively 31.3 +/- 16.3, 31.2
      +/- 19.4, 15.0 +/- 7.04, 13.4 +/- 6.78, and 2.45 micrograms/ml (n = 1),
      respectively with the level exceeding 30 micrograms/ml on Day 2 of the
      postoperative period and gradually decreasing thereafter. Recovery of CPZ during
      this period was 2941.1 +/- 2775.8 on Day 1, 375.3 +/- 445.9 on Day 2, 261.9 +/-
      477.5 on Day 3, 371.4 +/- 10.5 on Day 4 and 83.3 micrograms (n = 1) on Day 5 of
      the postoperative period. In other words, of the total daily dose, 0.074, 0.009,
      0.007, 0.009 and 0.002 appeared in the wound on Day 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 of the
      postoperative period, respectively. Judging from the daily changes in the level
      of CPZ in the exudate and from the clinical results that all cases except one
      responded to this drug, it is evident that CPZ is highly useful for prophylaxis
      of postoperative infections, particularly for prophylaxis of infections of the
      postoperative wounds.

PMID- 3400556
TI  - An epidemiologic study of maxillofacial trauma at Carraway Methodist Medical
      Center, a Level I Trauma Center.

PMID- 3400557
TI  - The source of a patient's strength.

PMID- 3400558
TI  - [Allergen analysis of mugwort pollen (Artemisia vulgaris) using crossed
      radioimmunoelectrophoresis and radioallergosorbent test inhibition].
AB  - It could be identified 43 antigens of mugwort pollen (Artemisia vulgaris), 31
      migrating anodically and 12 cathodically, by means of crossed
      immunoelectrophoresis (CIE). Eleven antigens bound human IgE-antibodies in
      crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis (CRIE). Two major allergens could be found,
      allergens 23 and 40.- The allergenic activity of mugwort pollen extract was
      examined by means of RAST-inhibition. Specificity of this reaction could be
      determined by a control trial with grass pollen extract.

PMID- 3400559
TI  - Hereditary angioedema in Czechoslovakia. Clinical, immunological, genetic and
      therapeutic studies of 16 families.
AB  - The analysis of the findings in 16 families with hereditary angioedema detected
      in Czechoslovakia over the years 1975-1986 is being presented. In 14 families C1
      inhibitor deficiency and in two families afunction of C1-inhibitor was
      established. Of the total number of 175 examined family members C1-inhibitor
      defect was registered in 66 subjects (60 with deficiency and 6 with afunction),
      and of these 48 suffered from clinical symptoms of edematous attacks affecting
      the skin, larynx, intestine and urinary tract, whereas 18 subjects were
      asymptomatic. Genealogical studies confirmed that the defect is inherited as an
      autosomal dominant trait. In 16 patients long-term prophylactic treatment with
      Danol was introduced. The effective minimum dosage was tested individually for
      each patient.

PMID- 3400560
TI  - [Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to the secretory
      components of human IgA].
AB  - The monoclonal antibodies BL-HSC/1-3 are characterized by means of indirect
      radioimmunotechnique with regard to their binding pattern to a set of human
      proteins. The results suggest a binding specificity of the three monoclonals for
      A-determinants of the human secretory component. However, we could not point out
      a different binding pattern to the immunoglobulin-bound and the free molecule,
      respectively. By use of appropriate immunoassays, the monoclonal antibody BL
      HSC/3 is the most suitable one for the detection of the secretory component and
      secretory IgA in body fluids. The protein band labeled by BL-HSC/3 in the
      immunoblotting analysis corresponds to a molar mass of 79,000 D according to the
      data known for the human secretory component.

PMID- 3400561
TI  - Factors determining programmed stimulation responses and long-term arrhythmic
      outcome in survivors of ventricular fibrillation with ischemic heart disease.
AB  - The clinical and angiographic features of 38 patients with ischemic heart disease
      and nonacute infarction pre-hospital ventricular fibrillation (VF) were examined
      as a function of their drug-free programmed electrical stimulation (PES)
      responses. Twenty-two patients (58%) had inducible ventricular tachycardia (VT)
      at drug-free PES (group I) and 16 patients (42%) did not (group II). Group I had
      more patients with: (1) remote infarction (22 of 22 vs 2 of 16; p less than 0.01;
      (2) history of congestive failure (16 of 22 vs 0 of 16; p less than 0.01); (3)
      prior cardiac arrest (11 of 22 vs 0 of 16; p less than 0.01); (4) left
      ventricular (LV) ejection fraction less than 40% (19 of 22 vs 1 of 16; p less
      than 0.01); and (5) akinetic or dyskinetic LV wall motion (22 of 22 vs 2 of 16; p
      less than 0.001). Group II had more patients with: (1) LV segments at "ischemic
      jeopardy" (16 of 16 vs 14 of 22; p less than 0.01) and (2) factors suggestive of
      ischemia at the onset of VF (13 of 16 vs 1 of 22; p less than 0.001). Inducible
      VT (IVT) was suppressed in 16 of the 20 group I patients surviving
      hospitalization while four were discharged with persistence of IVT despite
      therapy. At 27 +/- 15 months, all four with persistent IVT had a recurrence of
      their arrhythmia. In the 16 group II patients, therapy was limited to
      antiischemic measures: coronary bypass in 12, propranolol in 3, and angioplasty
      in one. At 38 +/- 9 months, no group II patient has had a recurrence of his
      arrhythmia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3400562
TI  - Effects of electrophysiologic studies resulting in electrical countershock or
      burst pacing on left ventricular systolic and diastolic function.
AB  - To determine the acute effects of electrophysiologic study on left ventricular
      systolic and diastolic function in patients requiring termination of induced
      tachyarrhythmias by either electrical countershock or burst pacing, we examined
      16 patients (11 men and five women), aged 43 to 78 years (mean 58 +/- 13),
      undergoing programmed electrical stimulation. Indices of systolic and diastolic
      left ventricular function were measured by M-mode echocardiography before and
      within 1 minute after termination of 22 episodes of induced tachyarrhythmias by
      defibrillation (n = 16) and burst pacing (n = 6). The left ventricular septal and
      posterior endocardial surfaces were digitized immediately below the mitral valve
      leaflets, and indices of systolic and diastolic function were calculated. The
      results showed a significant impairment in both systolic and diastolic function
      after termination of tachyarrhythmias by defibrillation, as seen by a decrease in
      the shortening fraction (23.7 +/- 7.6% to 19.8 +/- 7.8%; p less than 0.005) and a
      decline in the peak rate of increase in left ventricular diameter during diastole
      called dD/dtmax (87.4 +/- 36.1 mm/sec to 71.5 +/- 28.9 mm/sec; p less than 0.01),
      respectively. In addition, indices of systolic and diastolic function measured at
      baseline were predictive of impairment in diastolic function, as seen by modest
      but highly significant correlations between the absolute change in dD/dtmax after
      defibrillation versus the peak velocity of fiber shortening (r = -0.69; p less
      than 0.005) and dD/dtmax (r = -0.60; p less than 0.02) measured at baseline. Left
      ventricular function after termination of tachyarrhythmias by burst pacing was
      not significantly altered.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3400564
TI  - Low- and medium-dose diltiazem in chronic atrial fibrillation: comparison with
      digoxin and correlation with drug plasma levels.
AB  - The safety and efficacy of diltiazem were compared with digoxin maintenance
      therapy for control of ventricular response in 19 patients with chronic atrial
      fibrillation. The relationship between drug plasma levels and cardiovascular
      effects was also investigated. After 7 days of combined therapy with diltiazem
      (60 mg three times a day in 10 patients and four times a day in nine patients)
      and digoxin (0.125 mg/day in two patients and 0.250 mg/day in 17 patients), the
      24-hour mean heart rate derived from ambulatory ECG recording was reduced by
      16.3% in comparison with digoxin therapy alone; the serum digoxin level was not
      significantly changed (1.06 +/- 0.43 vs 1.05 +/- 0.61 ng/ml). After a
      standardized bicycle exercise test (50 watts for 3 minutes), maximal heart rate
      was reduced by 19.9%, diastolic blood pressure was decreased by 8.9%, and
      systolic pressure-rate product was decreased by 12.5%. Diltiazem plasma levels
      (mean 120.9 +/- 63.3 ng/ml) were linearly correlated with percentage variations
      in maximal heart rate, diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure, and
      pressure-rate product during exercise. Eighteen patients in succession
      discontinued digoxin therapy; after 14 days of diltiazem alone, the 24-hour mean
      heart rate returned to control values of digoxin therapy, whereas maximal heart
      rate and pressure-rate product during exercise were significantly reduced (-17.2%
      and -14.1%, respectively), with no changes in blood pressure. Diltiazem plasma
      levels (135.0 +/- 83.2 ng/ml) showed a linear correlation with the percentage of
      reduction in maximal heart rate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3400563
TI  - Differential sensitivity of sinus node, atrioventricular node, atrium, and
      ventricle to propranolol.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that less propranolol was
      required to block stellate-induced shortening of atrial and ventricular effective
      refractory periods (ERPs) than was required to prevent stellate-induced
      shortening of the spontaneous sinus nodal cycle length and atrioventricular (AV)
      nodal conduction time. Studies were performed in open-chest, neurally
      decentralized dogs anesthetized with secobarbital. We determined the dose of
      propranolol (propranolol dose-response curves) required to block the effects of 1
      Hz, 2 Hz, and 4 Hz bilateral ansae subclaviae stimulation on sinus nodal
      automaticity, AV nodal conduction, and atrial and ventricular ERPs. We found that
      propranolol at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg eliminated ansae subclaviae-induced shortening
      of atrial and ventricular ERPs, whereas sinus nodal cycle length and AV nodal
      conduction time still shortened. These data indicate a differential sensitivity
      of the sinus and AV nodes compared with atrial and ventricular myocardium to the
      beta-adrenergic receptor-blocking effects of propranolol in response to efferent
      sympathetic neural stimulation. Clinical implications are that it might be
      possible to treat sympathetically mediated ventricular arrhythmias with doses of
      propranolol that still preserve sinus and AV nodal responses.

PMID- 3400565
TI  - Acute myocardial ischemia detected in dogs by temporal variation in two
      dimensional ultrasound gray level.
AB  - This study tests the hypothesis that acute myocardial ischemia induces a
      characteristic temporal variation in regional ultrasound amplitudes. Myocardial
      ischemia was created by circumflex coronary artery occlusion in seven closed
      chest mongrel dogs. Ultrasound images were acquired prior to occlusion and post
      occlusion on a phased-array two-dimensional system. Unprocessed ultrasound data
      from end-diastolic images were taken digitally for quantitative gray level
      analysis. Temporal variation in ultrasonic gray level of a nonischemic control
      region was compared to the temporal variation in gray level of the ischemic area.
      In the ischemic area, the average gray level for all seven dogs increased from
      39.2 +/- 4.2 prior to occlusion to 42.5 +/- 4.9 at 15 minutes after occlusion,
      and then to 44.4 +/- 5.9, 45.3 +/- 6.2, and 47.0 +/- 6.0 at 30, 60, and 120
      minutes, respectively (p less than 0.05 for control vs 15 minutes and 15 minutes
      vs 120 minutes). No significant changes in the average gray level of all seven
      dogs occurred in the nonischemic area from pre-occlusion to 2 hours post
      occlusion (38.8 +/- 8.8, 38.4 +/- 8.0, 37.7 +/- 8.4, 37.8 +/- 8.5, and 38.0 +/-
      8.2 for control, 15, 30, 60, and 120 minutes, respectively. These data show that
      regions of acute myocardial ischemia can be characterized by temporal variation
      in intramyocardial ultrasonic gray level, not only from the time before coronary
      occlusion to 15 minutes after occlusion, but also between 15 and 120 minutes in
      the post-occlusion period. Gray level values in nonischemic regions of the left
      ventricle are remarkably constant over time.

PMID- 3400566
TI  - Postischemic recovery in the stunned myocardium after reperfusion in the presence
      or absence of a flow-limiting coronary artery stenosis.
AB  - Hyperemic flow occurs after release of a transient coronary artery occlusion in
      excess of the acquired oxygen debt if the vessel has sufficient vasodilator
      reserve. The purpose of this study was to determine whether differences exist in
      the degree of postischemic functional and metabolic recovery in the stunned
      myocardium when a reactive hyperemia is allowed to occur as opposed to
      reperfusion in the presence of a flow-limiting coronary artery stenosis.
      Anesthetized dogs were subjected to 15-minute episodes of coronary artery
      occlusion, followed by either 10 minutes (short reperfusion) or 3 hours (long
      reperfusion) of reperfusion to investigate early and late differences in tissue
      blood flow. At reperfusion a micrometer-driven occluder was either released fully
      within 1 minute (full-reactive [FR] group) or the occluder was slowly released to
      return coronary blood flow to preocclusion levels (no-reactive [NR] group). Areas
      at risk, myocardial blood flow (radioactive microspheres), hemodynamics,
      myocardial segment shortening (sonomicrometry) during occlusion, and high-energy
      phosphate levels (tissue biopsies) at 3 hours of reperfusion were similar in both
      groups. Recovery of function in the short-reperfusion group was significantly
      greater in the FR than the NR group until 3 minutes of reperfusion, which
      corresponded to the peak reactive hyperemic response. After this time there were
      no differences between the two groups in functional recovery until 2 and 3 hours
      after reperfusion when the percentage of segment shortening had deteriorated to a
      significantly greater extent (p less than 0.05) in the NR group than in the FR
      group. The reason for this finding may involve prolonged subendocardial ischemia
      if reperfusion is introduced into a flow-limiting stenosis, as suggested by the
      greater tissue blood flows in the ischemic reperfused region during early
      reperfusion in the FR versus NR group. These data suggest that coronary artery
      patency, in part, determines functional recovery in the stunned myocardium.

PMID- 3400567
TI  - Mechanics and energetics of overstretch: the relationship of altered left
      ventricular volume to the Frank-Starling mechanism and phosphorylation potential.
AB  - Isovolumic perfused rat hearts containing an intraventricular balloon were used
      to assess the effects of incremental balloon volumes on developed pressure,
      oxygen consumption, coronary flow, phosphorylation potential obtained by P-31
      nuclear magnetic resonance, wall thickness obtained by two-dimensional
      echocardiography, and diastolic wall stress. Three phases in developed pressure
      were noted: (1) volumes from 0 to 150 microliter resulted in a continuous
      increase in developed pressure; (2) with volumes from 150 to 250 microliter,
      developed pressure remained constant whereas developed (systolic) and diastolic
      wall stress rose sharply; and (3) with volumes from 250 to 400 microliter,
      developed pressure fell whereas developed (systolic) and diastolic wall stress
      continued to rise. The ln [(PCr)/(Pi)] was in synchrony with oxygen consumption
      at 0 and 50 microliter balloon volumes, and then diverged at volumes greater than
      100 microliter. Oxygen consumption increased from 0 to 50 microliter, was
      constant from 50 to 250 microliter balloon volume, and then declined. The ln
      [(PCr)/(Pi)] fell precipitously at balloon volumes greater than 100 microliter,
      most likely limited by oxygen consumption. Coronary flow did not change
      significantly until 250 microliter or more of water was added to the balloon, and
      then it started to decline. Volumes greater than 100 microliter result in
      overstretch of myofibers, as observed by the precipitous decline in ln
      [(PCr)/(Pi)], and the steep increase in diastolic wall stress. With excessive
      volume loading, the drop in phosphorylation potential, ln [(PCr)/(Pi)], appears
      to contribute to the decrease in developed pressure.

PMID- 3400568
TI  - Clinical significance of radionuclide angiographically-determined abnormalities
      following acute blunt chest trauma.
AB  - Abnormalities of right and left ventricular ejection fraction and segmental wall
      motion may be detected by radionuclide angiography (RNA) following blunt chest
      trauma. Of 111 patients with blunt chest trauma who were admitted to a large
      regional shock trauma center and underwent combined first-pass and equilibrium
      gated RNA, abnormalities were present in 40 (36%). These abnormalities were
      confined to the right ventricle in 33 patients. There was a positive association
      between RNA abnormalities and the presence of right bundle branch block (10 of
      40, p less than 0.05) and a negative association between RNA abnormalities and
      the finding of rib fractures (6 of 40, p less than 0.05). The in-hospital death
      rate of these patients was low (3 of 40 patients with an abnormal RNA and 2 of 71
      patients with a normal RNA). Follow-up RNA was performed at 10 +/- 4 days in 26
      of the 40 patients with initially abnormal scans, and 22 (85%) of the 26 had
      reverted to normal. Thus although RNA abnormalities appear common following blunt
      chest trauma, among patients who survive for more than 24 hours and who undergo
      subsequent RNA, the complication rate is low despite an abnormal scan. We
      conclude that routine RNA adds little to clinical management following acute
      blunt chest trauma.

PMID- 3400570
TI  - Combined hemodynamic overload of the left and right ventricles as a possible
      cause of interventricular septum preponderance in high blood pressure.
AB  - We tested whether overload of the two ventricles may be associated with a
      preponderance of interventricular septum in patients with high blood pressure.
      The rationale is that the septum is shared by the greater and lesser circulation
      and that in hypertension the latter shows the same qualitative hemodynamic
      alterations as the former. Among 65 hypertensive patients, 40 (group 1) showed
      (echo) posterior wall thickness within the mean +/- 1 SD of 62 normal subjects,
      and 25 (group 2) had a posterior wall thickness exceeding the mean + 1 SD of the
      normal population. Both groups were subdivided into subgroups A and B, which
      included patients whose ventricular septum was similar to (within the mean + 1
      SD) and thicker than (exceeding the mean + 1 SD) the posterior wall thickness in
      the corresponding group, respectively. Resting differences in systemic and
      pulmonary pressure and vascular resistance among subgroups 1A, 1B, and 2A were
      not significant; however, in subgroup 2B these variables exceeded those in the
      other subgroups to a significant extent. During cold pressor testing (CPT) the
      levels reached and the changes in pressure and resistance from baseline values in
      both circuits were much greater in subgroups B than in subgroups A. The baseline
      plasma norepinephrine value showed a trend toward an increase from subgroup 1A to
      1B and from subgroup 2A and 2B; during CPT norepinephrine invariably changed and
      in subgroups B it rose significantly more than in subgroups A. It was not
      determined whether this caused the hemodynamic overload in subgroups B.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3400569
TI  - Utility of cross-linked fibrin degradation products in the diagnosis of pulmonary
      embolism.
AB  - Blood samples from patients with suspected pulmonary embolism (PE) were obtained
      at the time of diagnostic lung scanning to determine whether identification of
      those with activation of endogenous fibrinolytic pathways could serve as a
      screening test for PE. Cross-linked fibrin degradation products (XDPs) were
      measured by a quantitative enzyme-linked immunoassay with a specific monoclonal
      antibody (MabCO Dimertest EIA) that recognizes cross-linked D-dimer fragments and
      related high molecular weight fibrin derivatives containing D-dimer but that does
      not cross-react with fibrinogen or its plasmin degradation products. PE was
      present in 19 with positive pulmonary angiograms and absent in 50 with completely
      normal lung scans. Elevated levels of XDPs (greater than 144 ng/ml) were present
      in 17 of 19 patients (89%) with PE and in 28 of 50 (56%) without PE (p = 0.30).
      Among those with PE present, the XDP levels were (means +/- sd) 864 +/- 1,068
      ng/ml (median = 470 ng/ml) compared with 285 +/- 395 ng/ml (median = 155 ng/ml)
      among those with PE absent (p = 0.003). For PE detection, elevated XDP levels
      provided a sensitivity of 89%, a specificity of 44%, a positive predictive value
      of 38%, a negative predictive value of 92%, and an accuracy of 57%. Among those
      with elevated XDP levels and PE absent, 75% had no apparent reason for XDP
      elevations. These data indicate that XDPs are significantly elevated in patients
      with PE but that, in contrast to earlier reports, measurement of XDPs among
      individuals with suspected PE may not be sufficiently accurate to be clinically
      useful in screening.

PMID- 3400571
TI  - The effect of different mechanisms of myocardial ischemia on left ventricular
      function.
AB  - Myocardial ischemia may be produced by limitation of blood flow as in abrupt
      coronary occlusion, termed supply-type ischemia, or by increasing myocardial
      oxygen demand in the setting of restricted flow, termed demand-type ischemia. To
      examine the comparative extent and severity of the dysfunction related to both
      forms of ischemia, we studied anesthetized, open-chest dogs by means of two
      dimensional echocardiography and tracer microspheres. Supply-type ischemia was
      produced by total occlusion of the LCx (n = 7); demand-type ischemia was induced
      by infusion of dobutamine after creation of a critical LCx stenosis (n = 6). At
      the time of the production of ischemia, the group with demand-type ischemia had
      significant increases in both heart rate (p less than 0.05) and mean arterial
      pressure (p less than 0.05), whereas the group with supply-type ischemia had a
      decrease in mean arterial pressure (p less than 0.05). Subendocardial blood flow
      in the LCx region was severely depressed in supply-type ischemia (0.09 +/- 0.04
      ml/min/gm) compared to demand-type ischemia (1.04 +/- 0.07 ml/min/gm; p less than
      0.01). Although both groups of animals had an abnormality of left ventricular
      function during ischemia, as determined by two-dimensional echocardiography, the
      extent of the dysfunction in the group with supply-type ischemia was greater (146
      +/- 12 degrees) compared to the group with demand-type ischemia (99 +/- 9
      degrees; p less than 0.01). Similarly, the degree of left ventricular dysfunction
      in the group with supply-type ischemia was greater than that for the group with
      demand-type ischemia (p less than 0.05). Thus these data suggest that supply-type
      ischemia produced by coronary occlusion results in a greater extent and degree of
      left ventricular functional abnormality than pharmacologically induced demand
      type ischemia.

PMID- 3400572
TI  - Reproducible termination of ventricular tachycardia by a single extrastimulus
      within the reentry circuit during the ventricular effective refractory period.

PMID- 3400573
TI  - Evidence of abnormal automaticity and triggering activity in incessant ectopic
      atrial tachycardia.

PMID- 3400574
TI  - Ascending aorta Doppler echocardiography in the diagnosis of broad complex
      tachycardia.

PMID- 3400575
TI  - Cardiac sarcoidosis with sudden death: treatment with the automatic implantable
      cardioverter defibrillator.

PMID- 3400576
TI  - Rupture of the ventricular septum and right ventricle complicating acute
      myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3400577
TI  - Left ventricular thrombus with normal left ventricular function in ulcerative
      colitis.

PMID- 3400578
TI  - Prenatal diagnosis of a heart tumor.

PMID- 3400580
TI  - The changing face of coronary artery spasm: a decade of experience.

PMID- 3400579
TI  - Right-sided infective endocarditis: a Singapore experience.

PMID- 3400581
TI  - How big a balloon and how many balloons for pulmonary valvuloplasty?

PMID- 3400582
TI  - Predicting toxic effects of chemicals from their fundamental properties.

PMID- 3400583
TI  - Selected facial measurements of Arabic and Asian workers.
AB  - Although this first step of anthropometric measurements indicates the Arabs have
      narrower faces than typically found among North Americans, it does not
      immediately follow that adequate fits cannot be achieved with full-face
      respirators presently available. The second step then will be to perform
      qualitative and quantitative fit tests. The survey does imply, however, that
      where full-facepiece respirators are available in wide and narrow sizes, the
      ratio of narrow to wide ones purchased should be adjusted to reflect the
      underlying population.

PMID- 3400584
TI  - What--me worry?

PMID- 3400585
TI  - Linear pharmacokinetic models for evaluating unusual work schedules, exposure
      limits and body burdens of pollutants.
AB  - The adverse effects of workplace exposures to pollutants relate more accurately
      to the concentrations of pollutants in the body than in the environment. In many
      cases pharmacokinetic models may represent the external to internal concentration
      relationships with useful accuracy. Simplified equations are presented for
      stepwise calculations on a series of time-averaged, external concentrations to
      give a corresponding series of internal concentrations. Accurate results were
      obtained for averaging times not exceeding one-fourth of the biological half-life
      of the pollutant. A convenient measure of internal concentration is the external
      concentration that would be at in vivo equilibrium with it (termed biologically
      effective concentration). Three measures of damage burden are proposed, each
      appropriate for different toxic mechanisms. The calculations readily may be
      carried out on a programmable calculator or microcomputer. Illustrative examples
      show how unusual work schedules may be compared with an 8 hr/day, 5 days/week
      schedule and how appropriate short- and long-term exposure limits may be
      determined. Other examples, illustrated for lead, relate absorbed mass rates to
      body concentrations and body burdens in a two-compartment kinetic model. These
      calculations should provide a more accurate evaluation of fluctuating
      concentrations, which can be handled easily.

PMID- 3400586
TI  - Prediction and measurement of velocity into flanged slot hoods.
AB  - A model describing the three-dimensional velocity field into a flanged slot hood
      has been developed using potential flow theory. Modeling the slot as an
      elliptical aperture allows use of the potential function to develop expressions
      for the velocity components (vx,vy,vz) at any point (x,y,z). Experiments were
      performed to measure velocities in front of six slot hoods. Experimental results
      were compared with velocities predicted by two models: an equal area ellipse with
      the same length to width ratio as the slot and an ellipse inscribed within the
      slot.

PMID- 3400587
TI  - Laboratory and field validation of a JXC charcoal sampling and analytical method
      for monitoring short-term exposures to ethylene oxide.
AB  - A sampling and analytical method for the measurement of ethylene oxide (EtO)
      short-term exposure limits (STEL) was validated under both laboratory and field
      conditions. These studies were designed to examine the method against both the
      Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) EtO permissible exposure
      limit (PEL) method requirements and the National Institute for Occupational
      Safety and Health (NIOSH) industrial hygiene method validation criteria. The
      method's pooled accuracy was shown to be within both OSHA requirements and NIOSH
      guidelines. The EtO was collected on a JXC charcoal tube at a sample flow rate of
      100 mL/min for 15 min. The samples were shipped on dry ice and were stored in a
      freezer until analyzed. The EtO was desorbed by carbon disulfide and the eluent
      was analyzed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID). The
      desorption efficiency of EtO from JXC charcoal tubes was determined to be 84%
      over the 15-min time-weighted average concentrations: 2.5, 5.0 and 10 ppm EtO.
      The method limit of detection was determined to be 1.0 ppm. The coefficient of
      variation of the combined sampling and analytical method was 5.7%. A -7% method
      bias was calculated. Field validation of the method included data from a portable
      GC-FID for the determination of method bias. Results of the field validation
      study over the concentration range of 2.4 ppm to 19.9 ppm generated a field
      precision of 8.1% with an absolute bias of 3.9%. The method accuracy was
      determined to be +/- 20%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3400588
TI  - Flame atomic absorption determination of manganese in whole blood using solvent
      extraction into acetone.
AB  - Whole blood sample (2 mL) is dry ashed and taken up in 3 M hydrochloric acid. The
      volume is adjusted to 2 mL with water, and 3 mL of saturated calcium chloride
      solution (previously saturated with acetone) is added. Iron is removed first by
      solvent extraction from the acid solution with 100 ppm dithizone in acetone. The
      pH of the aqueous phase is adjusted to 8.0 with 0.2 mL of 0.4 M tris buffer, and
      the manganese is extracted with dithizone in 2 mL acetone and is measured in the
      acetone phase at 278.8 nm by atomic absorption spectrometry using an air
      acetylene flame. The mean manganese value found for 14 samples was 32 +/- 7 ppb.
      The detection limit is 2 ppb manganese.

PMID- 3400589
TI  - Toluene in blood after exposure to toluene.
AB  - Analysis of the postshift toluene levels in the blood of 50 assembly line workers
      indicates that toluene levels in blood were correlated with the time-weighted
      average (TWA) exposure levels of the same day (r = 0.90). Toluene concentrations
      in 10 laboratory technicians not exposed to toluene at their work gave an average
      level of 0.002 microgram/mL of blood. Significant levels of residual toluene were
      found in the preshift blood of workers exposed to 57 to 146 ppm of toluene as
      compared to the unexposed. The blood toluene values determined from capillary
      blood taken from finger tips are higher than the reported values from venous
      blood. The method described is useful for large-scale screening and
      epidemiological surveys.

PMID- 3400590
TI  - The influence of task and location on solvent exposures in a printing plant.
AB  - A work measurement technique was used to monitor the activities of seven printing
      press operators. Repeated observations were made to learn workers' tasks and
      workers' locations in the plant, and a photoionization detector was used to
      measure the instantaneous solvent concentration in each worker's breathing zone.
      Location data, analyzed using a computer aided design system, did not show any
      indication that there were high or low exposure areas. Regression, however,
      showed that a significant amount of variability in a worker's exposures was
      accounted for by the number of times the worker performed a certain "hazardous
      task" (r2 = 0.57). The results indicate that it may be possible to simplify
      industrial hygiene sampling strategies by using work measurement data, such as
      time study or work sampling, to identify maximum risk employees.

PMID- 3400591
TI  - Industrial hygiene programs for workers' health protection in Italy.
AB  - The recent Health and Safety Act devolves the management of workers' health
      protection to new local authorities named "Local Sanitary Units." The specific
      program is framed in the existing state regulations and is in agreement with
      European community politics regarding health risks arising from the industrial
      use of particular substances like lead, asbestos, benzene, PCBs and others. The
      rapid industrial growth during recent years put into evidence completely new and
      numerous risks with the result of both qualitative and quantitative modifications
      of occupational diseases which existed in the years preceding the second world
      war. This rapid and remarkable change required a general adjustment in the
      country, which involved universities, government and industry. At the same time,
      the need of new relationships between occupational risks and insurance management
      rose. Beginning in the seventies, the Italian Industrial Hygiene Association
      [Associazione Italiana Degli Igienisti Industriali (A.I.D.I.I.)] promoted the
      progress of industrial hygiene in Italy through national and international
      conferences, continuous educational activities and participation with government
      standard-setting committees. The trend in A.I.D.I.I. future activities embraces
      the development of standard evaluation and control procedures and the improvement
      of research following European guidelines in strict cooperation with correlated
      European and American organizations.

PMID- 3400592
TI  - Copper oxide aerosol: generation and characterization.
AB  - Effluent gases from high temperature systems such as fossil fuel combustion and
      pyrometallurgical processes contain inorganic material which has the potential to
      interact with sulfur dioxide (SO2) on the surface of particles to form an
      irritant aerosol. The submicron fraction of this inorganic material is especially
      important as the fine particles may penetrate deep into the lung and cause
      serious health effects. A laboratory furnace was designed to produce a
      submicrometer copper oxide aerosol to stimulate emissions from copper smelters
      and other pyrometallurgical operations. The ultimate aim of this research is to
      investigate the interaction of SO2 and the copper oxide aerosol at different
      temperatures and humidities in order to determine the reaction products and their
      potential health effects upon inhalation. The initial work, as presented in this
      paper, was to reproducibly generate a submicrometer copper oxide aerosol and to
      characterize it in terms of size, morphology and composition. Two experimental
      regimes were set up. One admitted filtered air, without water vapor, into the
      furnace, and the other admitted filtered air and water vapor. The size and
      morphology of the aerosols were determined using an electrical aerosol analyzer
      and transmission electron microscopy. The particles appear as chain aggregates
      with a count median diameter of 0.026 micron when no water vapor was added and
      0.031 micron when water vapor was added into the furnace. Composition of the
      aerosol was determined using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The aerosol, with
      or without water in the furnace, consists of a mixture of copper(I) oxide and
      copper(II) hydroxide.

PMID- 3400594
TI  - Method for the evaluation of the permeation characteristics of protective glove
      materials.
AB  - A method is described to evaluate the permeation characteristics of glove
      materials by chemical solvents. The collecting medium (helium) is continuously
      monitored by a flame ionization detector (FID) of a gas chromatograph (GC).
      Immediately following a steady-state condition, quantitative data are acquired on
      line by a computer. A two-position GC sampling valve and computer-controlled data
      acquisition and analysis require minimal operator attention. For the 8 materials
      and 6 solvents investigated, thickness-normalized breakthrough times and steady
      state permeation rates ranged from 9.10 min/mil to greater than 4 hr/mil and from
      0.2048 to 9112 micrograms/min/cm2/mil, respectively. A modification of the
      procedure which allowed the determination of the effect of temperature on
      permeation for 4 glove/solvent pairs was evaluated also.

PMID- 3400595
TI  - Establishing airborne exposure control limits in the pharmaceutical industry.
AB  - In the course of employment, workers in the pharmaceutical industry are exposed
      to compounds which are designed to produce pharmacological effects. For the most
      part, exposure occurs in the handling of finely divided solids. Data from
      laboratory animal studies and clinical trials can be extrapolated to predict
      possible effects of exposure in the workplace. To that end a procedure for
      establishing workplace exposure control limits (ECLs) for pharmaceutical products
      is presented. Workplace exposure limits are given for 32 human health drugs.

PMID- 3400593
TI  - Evaluation of comfort and seal leakages of several respirators used in
      agricultural work.
AB  - Certain aspects in the use of some respiratory protective devices were studied
      under laboratory and field conditions. The face seal leakages of these devices
      were measured and volunteers were interviewed about their subjective opinions on
      the use of the devices. Twelve men and five women participated in the study. The
      models tested were Silner 12, Siltox, Sundstrom SR 62/80, Airstream Breath Easy
      2, Pirelli, and 3M (8810 P2, disposable) which are used in agricultural work in
      Finland. According to the study's results, these four models significantly
      differed from each other regarding the facial seal leakage (p less than 0.01).
      The Silner 12 had the greatest seal leakage (5.9% with men and 5.2% with women).
      The subjects felt that these respiratory protective devices were not cumbersome
      in their agricultural work or in the laboratory tests. The comfort of these
      devices in practical work was about the same for all models. Powered filtering
      hoods were more pleasant to use than mechanical ones because they offered less
      breathing resistance. The volunteers complained that with the Breath Easy 2 they
      felt drafts on the backs of their heads, especially while working in cool
      weather.

PMID- 3400596
TI  - Ambient monitoring of cyclophosphamide in manufacture and hospitals.
AB  - Cyclophosphamide (CP), one of the most commonly used cytostatic drugs, is known
      to be a human carcinogen. In this study, CP represents a model compound for the
      identification of potential exposure situations in the various phases of its
      manufacture and hospital use. Ambient air samples were taken in the various
      phases and analyzed for CP. A low detection limit (0.05 micrograms/m3 for a 1 m3
      sample volume) was obtained for CP using the mass spectrometry method (MS)
      developed for this study. The detection limit was 1 microgram/m3 with the high
      performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. The correlation between the two
      methods was good. The highest potential exposure situations were found to occur
      during specific operations at the end of the process. During these operations the
      airborne CP concentrations may rise as high as several hundred micrograms/m3, and
      the workers must use supplied-air respirators, gloves and protective clothing.
      For the measurements in hospital use, air samples were taken from flow hoods.
      During normal working practices, no measurable amounts of CP could be observed. A
      filter from a flow hood, however, contained CP in measurable quantities, showing
      that occasional spilling may occur.

PMID- 3400597
TI  - Estimating left ventricular ejection fraction after myocardial infarction by
      various clinical parameters.
AB  - The clinical predictors of left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) were
      determined in 760 survivors of an acute myocardial infarction (AMI). LVEF was
      dichotomized at less than or equal to 0.40 (n = 269) and greater than 0.04 (n =
      491). Logistic regression showed that 4 of 20 preselected, clinically meaningful
      variables were strong and independent (p less than 0.001) predictors of LVEF less
      than or equal to 0.40. Independent variables together with their odds ratio (odds
      of having a LVEF less than or equal to 0.40 with factor present to odds with
      factor absent) in order of decreasing importance were: anterior AMI (4.7),
      congestion on chest x-ray (2.9), previous AMI (2.3) and creatine kinase greater
      than 1,000 U (2.1). There was a stepwise decrease in LVEF and an increase in the
      proportion of patients with a low LVEF for each additional clinical variable. A
      general estimate of LVEF was made by simply considering the total number of
      clinical factors present. The presence of 0 or 1 clinical variable (n = 466)
      predicted a high LVEF (greater than 0.40) with an accuracy of 80%. Two or more
      variables (n = 294) predicted a low LVEF (less than or equal to 0.40) with an
      accuracy of 60%. The overall predictive accuracy was 72%. Clinically significant
      major misclassifications were rare (less than 10%). Readily obtainable clinical
      variables provide the clinician with a useful bedside method of estimating LVEF
      after AMI.

PMID- 3400598
TI  - Exercise performance of the high risk acute myocardial infarction patient after
      cardiac rehabilitation.
AB  - Sixty-five subjects with a recent acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 50 men and
      15 women aged 39 to 79 years (mean 62 +/- 9), were entered into a 12-week phase
      II cardiac rehabilitation program. Group I subjects were those with an ejection
      fraction greater than 40% (mean 56) and group II subjects were those with an
      ejection fraction less than 40% (mean 28). Subjects were further classified into
      those with or without myocardial ischemia (Ia, IIa and Ib, IIb, respectively)
      based on a treadmill stress test before entry. Work performance during the
      training sessions was similar for all subgroups, although group IIb had the
      lowest values for work rate and time of exercise for each individual activity.
      Subgroup analysis, as determined by a pre- and postprogram treadmill stress test,
      showed there was no significant difference in time of exercise, peak oxygen
      consumption and change in submaximal heart rate (decrease) for groups Ia, Ib or
      IIa. However, group IIb had poor performance in time of exercise (delta = 2 +/- 2
      minutes), peak oxygen consumption (delta = 3 +/- 5 ml/min) and submaximal heart
      rate (delta = 0.4 +/- 17 beats/min) compared with the 3 other subgroups. These
      subjects also did not demonstrate an improvement of these values in the
      posttraining period. Patients who have had AMI and have both significant left
      ventricular dysfunction and myocardial ischemia did not have an adequate training
      response after 12 weeks of a formal phase II cardiac rehabilitation
      program.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3400600
TI  - Black/white differences in risk factors for arteriographically documented
      coronary artery disease in men.
AB  - Although the leading cause of death among black men in the United States is
      coronary artery disease (CAD), risk factors have not been well documented in
      black populations. Therefore, possible racial differences in the relation of
      several characteristics to the extent of CAD were assessed in 4,722 white and 169
      black men who underwent arteriography. Associations between an occlusion score
      (ranging from 0 to 300), reflecting the severity of CAD, and levels of total and
      high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, cigarette smoking,
      alcohol intake, relative weight, systemic hypertension and diabetes mellitus were
      examined. Most risk factors were significantly related to the extent of CAD in
      both races, but lipid levels showed stronger associations with CAD among blacks:
      correlations between CAD and total cholesterol were 0.16 (whites) vs 0.29
      (blacks) and associations with HDL cholesterol were -0.22 (whites) vs -0.49
      (blacks). In addition, at adverse levels of certain risk factors, blacks had more
      extensive CAD than did whites: mean occlusion scores were 148 (whites) and 238
      (blacks) at HDL cholesterol levels less than 30 mg/dl. As assessed by multiple
      linear regression, however, only triglyceride levels were differentially related
      to CAD between whites (beta = 0) and blacks (beta = 0.47), p less than 0.01 for
      racial contrast. These results document the importance of risk factors in black
      men and indicate black/white differences in the relation of triglycerides to CAD.

PMID- 3400599
TI  - One-year psychosocial follow-up of patients with chest pain and angiographically
      normal coronary arteries.
AB  - As many as 30% of patients with chest pain symptoms who are referred for
      arteriography are found to have normal coronary arteries. Research has shown that
      patients with anginal symptoms and normal coronary arteries score higher on
      neuroticism measurements (anxiety, depression and somatic concerns) at the time
      of catheterization than patients with anginal symptoms who have coronary artery
      disease. Research examining the cardiac course of chest pain patients with normal
      coronary arteries indicates that this is a nonprogressive disorder. Although
      follow-up studies of these patients report continued chest pain and diminished
      physical activity, these studies have ignored the psychologic status of the
      patients. Thus, it is not known whether their higher neuroticism scores at the
      time of catheterization persist following angiography or whether such elevated
      indexes of neuroticism are transient phenomena associated with precatheterization
      anticipatory stress. The present study examined 48 Veterans Administration
      Medical Center patients: 24 with anginal symptoms and normal coronary arteries
      and 24 with documented coronary artery disease. The patients completed a
      structured clinical interview and a set of psychologic inventories on the day
      before catheterization and 1 year later. The findings established continued high
      neuroticism scores among patients with anginal symptoms only and supported the
      findings of other investigators regarding continuing chest pain and restricted
      physical activity. The knowledge alone of benign coronary artery status resulted
      in virtually no change in the psychosocial status of these patients. Alternative
      treatment methods are discussed.

PMID- 3400602
TI  - Applicability of mitral valvuloplasty techniques in a North American population.
AB  - Records of 520 patients who underwent mitral valve operations were reviewed to
      determine the pathophysiology, etiology, anatomy of the valve lesion and use of
      valvuloplasty techniques. Pure mitral regurgitation, present in 269 patients
      (52%), was the most common lesion while rheumatic valvulitis, seen in 286
      patients (55%), was the most common etiology. Degenerative lesions were found in
      168 patients, 33% of the total and 63% of the pure mitral regurgitation group.
      Two-hundred seventy patients (52%) were treated with valvuloplasty techniques.
      The incidence of reconstructive procedures was determined for each of the various
      patient subsets. Overall hospital mortality was 5.6% in the series: 8.4% for
      mitral replacement compared with 3% for mitral valvuloplasty (p = 0.007). Among
      patients undergoing primary isolated mitral procedures, hospital mortality for
      replacement was 7.5% compared with 1.4% for valvuloplasty (p = 0.018). Mitral
      valvuloplasty seems to provide a therapeutic alternative applicable to the
      spectrum of mitral valve pathology seen in a North American population.

PMID- 3400603
TI  - Comparison of mitral valve dimensions and motion in mitral valve prolapse with
      severe mitral regurgitation to uncomplicated mitral valve prolapse and to mitral
      regurgitation without mitral valve prolapse.
AB  - To determine the mitral valve abnormalities associated with hemodynamically
      important mitral regurgitation (MR) among patients with mitral valve prolapse
      (MVP), computerized 2-dimensional echocardiographic measurements of mitral
      leaflet and anular dimensions and motion in 26 patients with MVP and MR were
      compared to those in 48 subjects with uncomplicated MVP, 16 patients with MR due
      to etiologies other than MVP (rheumatic in 8) and 35 normal adults. Compared to
      both uncomplicated MVP and normal subjects, patients with MVP plus MR were older
      (p less than 0.05), had strikingly large mitral leaflets and anulus (p less than
      0.0005) and were more likely to have systolic billowing of mitral leaflets in the
      parasternal long-axis view (24 of 26 [92%] vs 24 of 48 subjects with
      uncomplicated MVP [50%], p less than 0.001). Overlap in anular and posterior
      leaflet dimensions in normal and uncomplicated MVP subjects occurred in the 20
      MVP plus MR patients who continue to be followed medically but not in the 6 MVP
      plus MR patients who underwent mitral valve surgery during 22 +/- 14 months
      follow-up. Patients with MR due to rheumatic or other non-MVP etiologies had
      enlargement of mitral leaflets and anulus virtually identical to that in MVP plus
      MR patients. In conclusion, patients with severe MR due to MVP are older, have
      striking mitral valve enlargement and more frequently exhibit leaflet billowing
      compared with subjects with uncomplicated MVP. Similar mitral leaflet enlargement
      was found in patients with non-MVP etiologies of MR, suggesting that mitral
      anular and leaflet enlargement may play a more general role in the pathogenesis
      of MR than is currently appreciated.

PMID- 3400601
TI  - Clinical and electrophysiologic features of fetal and neonatal paroxysmal atrial
      tachycardia resulting in congestive heart failure.
AB  - Those clinical and electrophysiologic features of paroxysmal atrial tachycardia
      (PAT) that appeared to be the cause of prenatal congestive heart failure (CHF)
      (hydrops fetalis) were evaluated in 12 neonates, ages 1 to 14 days, and compared
      with those occurring in 12 neonates, ages 2 to 34 days, who developed CHF from
      PAT diagnosed postnatally. Transesophageal electrophysiologic evaluation was
      performed after birth or at the time of PAT occurrence in the prenatal CHF group
      and at the time of CHF diagnosis in the postnatal CHF group. Before the
      electrophysiologic study, spontaneous PAT onset and termination were observed in
      all prenatal CHF neonates. In the postnatal CHF neonates, however, a single,
      prolonged episode of PAT was observed. During PAT, all neonates were observed to
      have a regular heart rate, normal QRS morphology and ventriculoatrial interval
      exceeding 80 ms. These findings suggested an orthodromic reciprocating
      tachycardia using an accessory atrioventricular connection as the tachycardia
      mechanism. In the 12 neonates with prenatal CHF, the PAT cycle length measured
      243 +/- 30 ms, whereas in the 12 neonates with postnatal CHF it measured 208 +/-
      19 ms (p less than 0.003). Neonates with prenatal CHF secondary to PAT appear to
      develop CHF from multiple PATs recurring at relatively long cycle lengths (slow
      heart rates), whereas postnatal CHF neonates develop heart failure symptoms
      during a sustained tachycardia episode with relatively short cycle lengths (fast
      heart rates).

PMID- 3400604
TI  - Mechanism of mitral valve area increase by in vitro single and double balloon
      mitral valvotomy.
AB  - The mechanism of mitral valve area increase by double balloon mitral valvotomy in
      vitro has not been defined, nor have the mitral valve area results achieved by
      single versus double balloon mitral valvotomy technique been compared. After a
      selection of 29 intact mitral valves excised at cardiac surgery from patients
      with a mitral valve area less than or equal to 1.5 cm2 was made, double balloon
      mitral valvotomy was attempted in 14 valves using two 20-mm diameter balloon
      catheters (group 1) and single balloon mitral valvotomy using a 20-mm balloon was
      undertaken in 15 valves (group 2). In group 1 the mitral valve area increased
      from 0.9 +/- 0.03 to 1.9 +/- 0.05 cm2 (mean +/- standard error of the mean) (p
      less than 0.001), with a mean anterior commissural split of 5.3 +/- 0.2 mm and a
      posterior split of 4.1 +/- 0.2 mm. Following single balloon valvotomy (group 2),
      the mean mitral valve area increased from 0.8 +/- 0.03 to 1.2 +/- 0.03 cm2 (p
      less than 0.001), with the mean anterior commissural split being 2.6 +/- 0.2 mm
      and the posterior 2.1 +/- 0.2 mm. Ten mitral valves from group 2 underwent a
      second dilatation using the double balloon technique and the mitral valve area
      increased further from 1.2 +/- 0.06 to 1.9 +/- 0.06 cm2 (p less than 0.001).
      Overall, commissural splitting occurred preferentially in calcified commissures
      (81%), as opposed to only 56% of noncalcified commissures. Commissural splitting
      is the manner in which mitral valve area increases after double balloon mitral
      valvotomy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3400605
TI  - Lack of sustained clinical improvement in an elderly population after
      percutaneous aortic valvuloplasty.
AB  - The hemodynamic and clinical results following 25 percutaneous aortic
      valvuloplasty (PAV) procedures on 24 patients are reported. The mean aortic
      gradient decreased from 66 +/- 23 to 40 +/- 15 mm Hg (p less than 0.001) and the
      mean valve area increased from 0.5 +/- 0.17 to 0.7 +/- 0.26 cm2 (p less than
      0.001). Although the aortic gradient determined by both Doppler and direct
      measurement correlated well before PAV, the Doppler gradients determined 24 +/-
      48 hours after the procedure were significantly higher than the directly measured
      gradients at the time of PAV. Ninety-two percent of patients were New York Heart
      Association class III or IV before PAV. Of the remaining 12 patients, 6 (50%)
      were classified as class II, 2 (17%) were class III, and 4 were (33%) class IV.
      Necropsy examination of the patient who died shortly after valvuloplasty revealed
      localized hematoma and tear in the anterior mitral valve leaflet. Smaller initial
      valve areas yielded smaller valve areas after PAV. Patients with greater valve
      areas following PAV showed greater functional improvement. Only 7 patients (29%)
      had at least 1 functional class improvement at the final follow-up. PAV can be
      performed relatively safely in elderly, moribund patients, although sustained
      improvement of functional status is not common. In this population, PAV should be
      limited to patients severely symptomatic in whom surgery is not an acceptable
      option.

PMID- 3400606
TI  - Serial electrocardiographic changes in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy
      confirmed at necropsy.
AB  - Serial electrocardiographic changes in necropsy-proven idiopathic dilated
      cardiomyopathy are evaluated and a method of predicting heart weight using QRS
      amplitudes is described. In 34 patients with multiple electrocardiograms (mean
      3/patient) progressive prolongation of PR interval (0.18 +/- 0.03 to 0.21 +/-
      0.03, p less than 0.001) and QRS duration (0.10 +/- 0.02 to 0.13 +/- 0.03, p less
      than 0.0001) was noted. Progressive conduction abnormalities were common (82%).
      QTc interval and QRS- and T-wave axes did not change. In 50 patients with
      electrocardiograms within 60 days of death, total 12-lead QRS and V1 through V6
      QRS amplitude correlated better with heart weight (r = 0.51, p less than 0.0001
      and r = 0.55, p less than 0.0001) than the Estes-Romhilt score did. The mean
      total 12-lead QRS amplitude was 138 mm with a mean of 106 for V1 through V6. In
      31 patients cardiac mass index was calculated and showed significant correlation
      with 12-lead and V1 through V6 QRS amplitudes (r = 0.68, p less than 0.0001 and r
      = 0.75, p less than 0.0001, respectively). The QRS amplitudes remained constant
      during the illness. By using total 12-lead QRS or frontal plane QRS amplitude,
      heart weight can be predicted as early as 2 years before death. Use of body
      surface area and QRS amplitude criteria increases the accuracy of heart weight
      prediction. Thus, progressive electrocardiographic changes are common in patients
      with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy and QRS amplitude criteria are more
      accurate in the prediction of left ventricular hypertrophy than standard
      criteria.

PMID- 3400607
TI  - Echocardiographic findings in myocarditis.
AB  - This study analyzes morphologic and functional alterations detected by M-mode and
      2-dimensional echocardiography in 41 patients with histologically proven
      myocarditis and different clinical presentations: congestive heart failure (63%),
      atrioventricular block (17%), chest pain (15%) and supraventricular arrhythmias
      (5%). Left ventricular dysfunction was common (69%), particularly in patients
      with congestive heart failure (88%), often without or with minor cavity
      dilatation. Patients with atrioventricular block or chest pain had usually
      preserved ventricular function. Right ventricular dysfunction was present in 23%.
      Additional findings included asynergic ventricular areas (64%), left ventricular
      "hypertrophy" sometimes reversible (20%), hyperrefractile myocardial areas (23%),
      ventricular thrombi (15%) and "restrictive" ventricular filling (7%). It is
      concluded that echocardiographic features of myocarditis are polymorphous and
      nonspecific. The echocardiographic pattern can simulate alternatively dilated,
      hypertrophic, restrictive or "right" ventricular cardiomyopathy, as well as
      coronary artery disease. In an appropriate clinical context, echocardiography can
      be helpful in the diagnosis of myocarditis and in the selection of patients for
      endomyocardial biopsy.

PMID- 3400608
TI  - Causes of chest pain in patients with normal coronary angiograms: the eye of the
      beholder.

PMID- 3400609
TI  - Connecting the ceruleus and the coronaries.

PMID- 3400610
TI  - Interpretation of conflicting clinical information by cardiologists.

PMID- 3400612
TI  - Physiologic differences in rate-related versus exercise-induced left bundle
      branch block.

PMID- 3400611
TI  - Differentiation of "esophageal" and "cardiac" chest pain.

PMID- 3400613
TI  - Ultrastructural features of familial cardiomyopathy.

PMID- 3400614
TI  - Transient unilateral pulmonary edema after successful balloon dilation of
      peripheral pulmonary artery stenosis.

PMID- 3400615
TI  - Effects of supine and lateral positions on cardiac output and intracardiac
      pressures.

PMID- 3400616
TI  - Dose-dependent use of dobutamine to alter early diastolic filling in normal
      subjects.

PMID- 3400617
TI  - Risk of transesophageal echocardiography in awake patients with cardiac diseases.

PMID- 3400618
TI  - Thrombolytic treatment with streptokinase for late intraatrial thrombosis after
      modified Fontan procedure.

PMID- 3400619
TI  - Role of apical tubules in endocytosis in nonciliated cells of the ductuli
      efferentes of the rat: a kinetic analysis.
AB  - The apical region of nonciliated cells of the ductuli efferentes of the rat
      contains tubular coated pits (TCP) connected to the apical plasma membrane,
      apical tubules (AT) which occasionally show a partial coat, and endosomes which
      are often continuous with one or more apical tubules. To investigate the
      formation and fate of TCP and AT, a quantitative analysis was performed on the
      labeling indices of these structures at various time intervals (0.5-120 min)
      after a single injection of a tracer, cationic ferritin (CF), into the lumen of
      the rete testis. The labeling indices of both TCP and AT exhibited similar
      cyclical patterns, first reaching a peak at 25 min, then dropping to a minimum at
      35 min, then rising to a second peak at 60 min. Since TCP were well labeled at 30
      sec while AT were not, the tracer must rapidly enter TCP and thence AT. However,
      since tracer was virtually absent from the lumen by 30 min, it was not possible
      to reconcile the second peak of labeling index of TCP and AT by this mechanism.
      In another experiment, rats were injected once as before, injected again at 30
      min, and then sacrificed at 30 min following the second injection. The results
      from this experiment showed that the labeling index of TCP and AT did not drop
      but was similar to that of the 60-min peak after a single injection. The
      interpretation is that there was recycling of tracer, which had already migrated
      from TCP to AT to endosomes, back to the apical plasma membrane via apical
      tubules. Moreover, when rats were injected once, injected again at 30 min, and
      sacrificed 3 min following the second injection, the labeling index for TCP and
      AT was significantly higher (P less than .05) than at the 30-min time interval
      after a single injection, indicating that recycled apical tubules were
      functionally capable of binding further CF. Morphological observations on images
      of transition between TCP and AT and the fact that AT were often found connected
      to endosomes suggest that TCP detach from the cell surface to give rise to AT,
      which in turn fuse to form endosomes. The kinetic analysis demonstrates in
      quantitative terms that a portion of the AT, which fuses to form endosomes,
      recycles back to the apical plasma membrane and contributes to the formation of
      new TCP.

PMID- 3400620
TI  - Endocytosis in the uterine luminal and glandular epithelial cells of mice during
      early pregnancy.
AB  - We have localized horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in the mouse uterus after
      intravenous administration on days 1 and 5 of pregnancy in an effort to
      understand how serum proteins reach the uterine lumen. Direct movement of HRP
      into uterine and glandular lumina was blocked by the epithelial tight junctions
      on both days. In luminal and glandular epithelial cells at both times, HRP was
      localized in endocytic vesicles along the basolateral membranes, multivesicular
      bodies (mvb), elongated dense bodies below the nucleus (bdb), and many small
      vesicles near the apical surface of the cells. The uptake of HRP was most
      extensive in the luminal epithelium on day 1: the number of tracer-containing
      apical vesicles and bdb was largest, and there were also clusters of vesicles
      containing the tracer above the nucleus. Acid phosphatase was localized on day 1
      in mvb and bdb in both cell types, indicating that these structures are
      lysosomes. It appeared that HRP followed two pathways after basolateral
      endocytosis by the epithelial cells: it was transported to the apical region of
      the cells, where it was present in small vesicles that may release their contents
      into the uterine or glandular lumina, or it was transported to lysosomes. To
      investigate whether macromolecules may be transported from the uterine lumen to
      the stroma, we also studied endocytosis at the apical pole of luminal epithelial
      cells after intraluminal injection of HRP. There was no detectable uptake of HRP
      from the lumen on day 1, and no tracer was detected in the intercellular spaces
      or basement membrane region. On day 5, a large amount of HRP was taken up from
      the lumen into apical endocytic vesicles, mvb, and dense bodies, but tracer was
      not present in the Golgi apparatus, lateral intercellular spaces, or the basement
      membrane region at the times studied. These observations indicate that there was
      no transport of luminal macromolecules to the uterine stroma on day 1, while the
      possibility of transport on day 5 requires further study.

PMID- 3400621
TI  - Effects of cytochalasin D on the integrity of the Sertoli cell (blood-testis)
      barrier.
AB  - Ectoplasmic specializations (ES) containing packed actin microfilaments are
      associated with the numerous parallel rows of occluding junctions which form the
      Sertoli cell (blood-testis) barrier. To determine if ES regulate the structure of
      the occluding junctions and/or barrier permeability, we experimentally disrupted
      ES microfilaments in vivo with intratesticularly injected cytochalasin D (CD).
      Electron microscopic observations of seminiferous tubules from CD-treated (150
      500 microM CD; 0.5-12 hr) animals indicated that ES was absent from regions where
      the Sertoli cell barrier is located. Seminiferous epithelial sheets from
      uninjected or vehicle-injected animals (1 DMSO: 1 saline) stained with NBD
      phallacidin demonstrated the presence of patterned ES actin surrounding the
      basolateral regions of adjacent Sertoli cells. After exposure to CD, epithelial
      sheets exhibited increasingly patchy fluorescence indicating progressive F-actin
      disruption. Freeze-fracture replicas of CD-injected testes revealed numerous
      focal alterations in the region of occluding junctions which included
      disorganization of the parallel arrangement of junctional rows, the presence of
      free-ending rows, clustering of intramembranous particles (IMPs) between rows,
      reduction in the number of rows, and loss of IMPs on both the P-face and E-face.
      Tracer experiments, following CD exposure, were conducted to test the integrity
      of occluding junctions: lanthanum hydroxide, dextrose, or filipin was added, in
      separate experiments, to the fixative during perfusion-fixation. In another
      study, serum containing an antibody against adluminal germ cells was injected
      intratesticularly, and frozen sections were processed for immunofluorescence
      study. A final study consisted of simultaneous intratesticular infusions of CD
      and radiolabelled inulin with subsequent intraluminal and peritubular fluid
      sampling. In animals which were injected with CD, lanthanum was found to enter
      the adluminal compartment; fixative made hypertonic by addition of dextrose
      caused germ cells within the adluminal compartment to shrink and produce
      exaggerated intercellular spaces; filipin-cholesterol perturbations were present
      between some Sertoli cell junctional rows and on spermatid plasma membranes; and
      IgG was detected within the adluminal compartment of many seminiferous tubules.
      None of these adluminal manifestations was noted in control animals or those
      which received vehicle. Quantitatively, in the in vivo micropuncture experiments,
      significantly more radiolabelled inulin entered the lumen of seminiferous tubules
      from CD-treated animals than from those exposed to vehicle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      400 WORDS)

PMID- 3400623
TI  - The National WIC Evaluation: Evaluation of the Special Supplemental Food Program
      for Women, Infants, and Children.

PMID- 3400624
TI  - The National WIC Evaluation: evaluation of the Special Supplemental Food Program
      for Women, Infants, and Children. I. Background and introduction.
AB  - The Special Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) aims
      to improve the nutrition and health of low-income, nutritionally at-risk pregnant
      women and preschool children with supplemental food, nutrition education, and
      coordination of health care. Started in 1972, it recently served greater than 3.4
      million persons monthly and at a cost of $1.66 billion annually. The National WIC
      Evaluation (NWE) consisted of four studies: The historical study estimated
      changes in birth outcome attributable to WIC from 1972 to 1980 in 19 states and
      the District of Columbia from WIC program data and vital statistics. The
      longitudinal study of pregnant women compared dietary intake, weight gain,
      anthropometry, duration of gestation, birth weight, and infant length and head
      circumference between a representative national sample of WIC participants and
      economically comparable women. The cross-sectional study of preschool children
      related WIC to dietary intake, anthropometry, and psychological development. The
      food expenditures study estimated the impact of WIC on family grocery and other
      food expenditures.

PMID- 3400622
TI  - Splenic microenvironment of the CBA/N mouse: immunohistochemical analysis using
      monoclonal antibodies against lymphocytes and nonlymphoid cells.
AB  - CBA/N mice carry an X-linked immune-deficiency gene, leading to a defect in the
      ability to form antibodies against T-independent type 2 antigens. By using
      immunohistochemistry, the organization of the spleen of the immune-deficient male
      (xid) CBA/N F1 and the normal female F1 were compared. Staining with
      antilymphocyte markers showed that the total number of cells in the various T-
      and B-cell areas was smaller in the xid mouse, resulting in very small white pulp
      compartments. Fewer B cells were seen in the marginal zone. When the spleens of
      the F1 mice were examined for macrophage markers, the rings of marginal-zone
      macrophages and the ring of marginal metallophilic macrophages were much thinner
      in the xid mouse. In particular, the marginal-zone macrophages are thought to
      play a role in the response against thymus-independent type 2 antigens, and their
      small numbers in the xid mouse are suggestive of a role for the microenvironment
      in the defects in these mice.

PMID- 3400625
TI  - The National WIC Evaluation: evaluation of the Special Supplemental Food Program
      for Women, Infants, and Children. II. Review of past studies of WIC.
AB  - We reviewed past work relating WIC benefits to birth weight, perinatal and infant
      survival, anemia, child growth, and dietary intake. Despite many uncertainties,
      the probable range of reduction in the rate of low birth weight was approximately
      1-2% and the increase in mean birth weight ranged from 0 to approximately 60 g.
      There was too little information to securely estimate effects of WIC on perinatal
      and infant mortality nor on the dietary intake of women or children. Although the
      number of studies was small, there probably were important effects of WIC on
      rates of childhood anemia. There is too little evidence to come to any conclusion
      on effects during pregnancy. There is little evidence that the WIC program has
      affected children's linear growth.

PMID- 3400626
TI  - The National WIC Evaluation: evaluation of the Special Supplemental Food Program
      for Women, Infants, and Children. III. Historical study of pregnancy outcomes.
AB  - We related perinatal outcome and quality of prenatal care between 1972 and 1980
      to WIC benefits to pregnant women among 11,154,673 births in 1392 counties in 19
      states and the District of Columbia, adjusted for time change and between-county
      variability. WIC was associated with increased first trimester prenatal care
      (4.1%, p less than 0.001), decreased inadequate prenatal care (-5.0%, p less than
      0.001), longer duration of gestation (0.20 d, p less than 0.05), decreased
      preterm delivery (-0.92%, p less than 0.05) and increased birth weight (23 g, p
      less than 0.01). After autocorrelation was accounted for, significance levels for
      birth weight and frequency of preterm delivery were 0.05 less than p less than
      0.10. Including counties with incomplete time series data, the estimated effect
      on birth weight was 23.9 g (p = 0.004) and on decreased fetal mortality was 
      2.3/1000 (p = 0.04). Among those with less than 12 y schooling, whites had a 1.8%
      reduction in preterm birth (p less than 0.05) and blacks a 2.0% reduction (p less
      than 0.05). The estimated effect on birth weight for less-educated whites was
      46.6 g (p less than 0.001). The predominant effects of WIC were on improved
      physiologic status of the mother and fetus.

PMID- 3400627
TI  - The National WIC Evaluation: evaluation of the Special Supplemental Food Program
      for Women, Infants, and Children. IV. Study methodology and sample
      characteristics in the longitudinal study of pregnant women, the study of
      children, and the food expenditures study.
AB  - The longitudinal study of pregnant women enrolled a national probability sample
      of 5,205 women first certified for WIC and 1,358 comparable low-income pregnant
      women in 174 WIC clinics located in 58 areas in the contiguous 48 states and in
      55 prenatal clinics without WIC programs in counties with low program coverage.
      The women completed 24-h dietary recalls, histories of food expenditures, health
      care utilization, health and sociodemographic status, and anthropometric
      assessment. At late-pregnancy follow-up 3,967 WIC and 1043 control women were
      interviewed and 853 WIC and 762 control women completed 1-wk food expenditure
      diaries. Birth outcome was abstracted (from hospital records) for 3,863 WIC and
      1058 control women. Anthropometry, dietary intake, health, and use of health
      services were related to WIC among 2,619 random low-income preschoolers.
      Psychological development was assessed in 526 children aged 4 and 5 y. Control
      women had higher income, education, and employment status; therefore, WIC program
      benefits probably were underestimated.

PMID- 3400628
TI  - The National WIC Evaluation: evaluation of the Special Supplemental Food Program
      for Women, Infants, and Children. V. Longitudinal study of pregnant women.
AB  - The major associations with the Special Supplemental Food Program for Women,
      Infants, and Children (WIC) in pregnancy were increased intake of protein, iron,
      calcium, and vitamin C (four of five targeted nutrients) and of energy,
      magnesium, phosphorus, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B-6, and vitamin B
      12; reversal of low weight gain in early pregnancy; smaller fat stores in late
      pregnancy; reduced frequency of premature rupture of the uterine membranes;
      larger infant head circumference with no effect on birth weight and length;
      increased birth weight and head circumference with better program quality; and
      lower fetal mortality of appreciable but not significant magnitude. Incremental
      energy intake was comparable to that in most small-scale supplementation trials.
      There was no evidence of effects on frequency of prenatal care, use of alcohol or
      tobacco, the intention to breast-feed, or the rate of breast-feeding. Maternal
      alcohol intake was associated with depressed infant head circumference, over and
      above effects on birth weight and length.

PMID- 3400630
TI  - The National WIC Evaluation: evaluation of the Special Supplemental Food Program
      for Women, Infants, and Children. VII. Study of food expenditures.
AB  - Recalls of monthly family food expenditure, taken before and after maternal WIC
      benefits, were obtained from 4,219 WIC and 785 control women; 1-wk expenditure
      diaries (at follow-up) were obtained from 1,031 WIC and 551 control women chosen
      randomly. Control families had higher incomes, spent more on groceries and in
      restaurants, and received fewer food stamp benefits. Women probably underreported
      the value of WIC benefits by recall (WIC vouchers are not dollar denominated).
      Although control families were more affluent, there were consistent effects of
      children's WIC benefits on weekly family grocery expenditure by diary ($6.10, p
      less than 0.05) and by recall ($2.14, p less than 0.01, and $1.48, p less than
      0.05). WIC benefits to infants were associated with very large (but not
      significant) increments in grocery spending by diary ($7.57). WIC benefits to the
      pregnant woman were strongly associated with larger amounts of WIC food entering
      the household (as were infant and child benefits) but effects on grocery spending
      were unclear.

PMID- 3400629
TI  - The National WIC Evaluation: evaluation of the Special Supplemental Food Program
      for Women, Infants, and Children. VI. Study of infants and children.
AB  - The major associations with the Special Supplemental Food Program for Women,
      Infants, and Children (WIC) in preschool children were better dietary intake
      associated with current WIC participation, especially for Fe, vitamin A, and
      vitamin C, but there were no increases in energy intake and, after infancy, no
      residual benefits from past WIC participation; strongest dietary effects among
      children who were poor, black, or in single-parent or large families (children
      lost to WIC were as needy as those currently enrolled); shorter stature,
      suggesting effective targeting (with enrollment in utero there was no parallel
      deficit in head circumference, which is consistent with results for newborns);
      better immunization and more frequent regular source of health care but no more
      frequent use of preventive health services; and better vocabulary with WIC
      participation begun in utero; better digit memory with entry into the program
      after the first birthday (differences that emerged only after statistical
      adjustment for sociodemographic factors); and more advantageous child behavior
      (NS).

PMID- 3400631
TI  - Hemodynamic consequences of continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration.
AB  - Continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration (CAVH) is an extracorporeal treatment in
      which fluid, electrolytes, and low and middle molecular weight solutes are
      removed from the blood by ultrafiltration. It is efficacious in the management of
      acute or chronic renal failure complicated by fluid overload, and following
      surgery. In this study, cardiac filling pressures, cardiac indices, and BP were
      monitored in nine patients. A mean of 7 kg of fluid was removed in ten treatments
      without the induction of hypotension. In nine of ten treatments, cardiac index
      increased following fluid removal. An increment in myocardial pump function was
      noted even in patients with low output heart failure. This treatment differs from
      dialysis in its ability to remove large fluid volumes without compromising
      cardiac hemodynamics. In addition, CAVH may have a role in treating volume
      overload patients with renal insufficiency and heart failure resistant to
      pharmacologic intervention.

PMID- 3400632
TI  - Thrombocytosis elevates serum potassium.
AB  - Spurious elevation of the serum potassium can be seen if the platelet count
      exceeds 1,000 x 10(9)/L in patients with myeloproliferative disease. To see if
      serum potassium is increased at more modest elevations of the platelet count we
      studied these parameters in 283 controls and 161 patients with reactive
      thrombocytosis. The incidence of hyperkalemia was 34% in patients with over 500 x
      10(9) platelets/L compared with 9% if the platelet count was below 250 x 10(9)/L.
      Over this range there was a significant correlation of potassium increasing with
      the platelet count. The higher potassium values could not be explained on the
      basis of leukocytosis, renal insufficiency, or acidosis, suggesting that the
      elevated serum levels were often spurious. In support of this conclusion, the
      serum potassium exceeded plasma potassium by a larger amount in patients with
      thrombocytosis. We conclude that serum potassium rises in direct proportion to
      the platelet count in normal patients and in those with thrombocytosis, and that
      this increment is an artifact.

PMID- 3400633
TI  - Precipitation of dialysis dementia by deferoxamine treatment of aluminum-related
      bone disease.
AB  - Five patients with chronic renal failure, complicated by bone aluminum toxicity,
      were treated with deferoxamine (DFO). This treatment appeared to precipitate
      dialysis dementia, which was fatal in three patients. In two patients, continuous
      treatment with lower doses of DFO was possible. The development of dialysis
      dementia in chronic renal failure patients with very high serum aluminum levels
      may be a complication of DFO treatment.

PMID- 3400634
TI  - Regression of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type II (dense deposit
      disease): observations in six children.
AB  - Six children with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis Type II (MPGN II-dense
      deposit disease), who were followed an average of 14 years (3.5 to 22 years) and
      treated continuously with an alternate-day prednisone regimen, have been studied
      by successive renal biopsies over intervals of 2 to 14 years of disease. All have
      shown significant reduction in mesangial proliferation and improvement of
      capillary lumen patency. A change in position of the deposits, from the lamina
      densa to the lamina rara interna, was demonstrated ultrastructurally in four of
      the patients, accompanied by reduction in prevalence of deposit in three. This
      loss of dense deposits, characterized as a process of "dropping off," was
      complete in the free capillary walls of two of the patients.

PMID- 3400635
TI  - Sarcoidosis presenting as acute renal failure during pregnancy.

PMID- 3400636
TI  - Profound hypokalemia secondary to modest potassium depletion in a patient with
      coexisting hyponatremia: therapeutic implications.

PMID- 3400637
TI  - Associated focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis in the acquired
      immunodeficiency syndrome.

PMID- 3400638
TI  - The erythrocyte sedimentation rate in end-stage renal disease.

PMID- 3400639
TI  - Therapeutic effects of oral sorbent in undialyzed uremia.
AB  - The present study was carried out to clarify whether an oral sorbent, AST-120
      (Kureha Chemical Ind Co, Tokyo), may postpone the initiation of dialysis therapy.
      The subjects were randomly divided into two groups, control and AST. The AST
      group consisted of 27 undialyzed uremic patients. Serum creatine concentrations
      (SCr) were 4.3 to 8.1 mg/dL (5.8 +/- 1.1 mg/dL, mean +/- SD). The control group
      consisted of 24 uremic patients who were not given AST-120 during the
      conservative therapy period before the initiation of hemodialysis. AST-120 (3.2
      to 7.2 g/d) was administered to the patients in the AST group for 2.4 to 30.1
      months (13.2 +/- 7.4) before the initiation of hemodialysis. The slopes of
      reciprocal creatinine v time in the control group were -1,251 +/- 856 x 10(-5)
      dL/mg/month during the 6 to 12 months before the initiation of dialysis therapy,
      and in the AST group, they were -1,004 +/- 1,012 x 10(-5) dL/mg/month before
      administration, and -347 +/- 509 x 10(-5) dL/mg/month after administration of AST
      120 (P less than 0.01). All 24 patients in the control group and 21 of 27 in the
      AST group were introduced to hemodialysis. SCr and serum urea nitrogen (SUN) at
      the initiation of hemodialysis did not differ between the control and AST group:
      10.8 +/- 2.6 and 11.0 +/- 2.2 mg/dL and 92.7 +/- 22.2 and 94.1 +/- 21.6 mg/dL,
      respectively. The times to the 50% undialyzed level were 5.0 months in the
      control group, and 14.3 months in the AST group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3400640
TI  - A genetical model for vitiligo.
AB  - A genetical model is found to provide a good fit to family data on vitiligo. The
      model postulates that recessive alleles at a set of four unlinked diallelic loci
      are involved in the causation of the disorder. Under this multiple recessive
      homozygosis model, for normal X affected families ascertained through the
      affected parent, the expected segregation probability is .063; the estimated
      value is 0.53, which is not significantly different from the expected value. For
      normal X normal families ascertained through an affected offspring, the expected
      segregation probability is .037; the estimated value is .04.

PMID- 3400642
TI  - Orosomucoid (ORM) typing by isoelectric focusing: evidence for an additional
      duplicated ORM1 locus haplotype and close linkage of two ORM loci.
AB  - Human serum orosomucoid (ORM) exhibits a high variability. Several alleles
      including a duplicated ORM1 gene (ORM1*2.1) have been identified at two
      functional ORM loci, ORM1 and ORM2. In this study a modified isoelectric
      focusing, in which glycerin was omitted from gels, was used to differentiate a
      new variant ORM1 5 from ORM2 3. The ORM1 5 band was always observed together with
      the ORM1 2 band. The simultaneous expression could be explained in terms of an
      additional duplicated ORM1 locus haplotype, ORM1*5.2, whose average frequency was
      .016 in two Japanese populations. The ORM2*6 found at a polymorphic frequency
      (.023) was demonstrated to be in association with ORM1*2, indicating the close
      proximity between ORM1 and ORM2 loci.

PMID- 3400643
TI  - Polymorphism of the A subunit of coagulation factor XIII: evidence for subtypes
      of the FXIIIA*1 and FXIIIA*2 alleles.
AB  - Agarose gel isoelectric focusing (pH 5--6.5) in the study of plasma factor XIII
      (FXIII) polymorphism revealed heterogeneity characterized by a narrow or broad
      type of the electrophoretic band of the A subunit (FXIIIA). Isoelectric focusing
      in polyacrylamide gels supplemented with 2 M urea could clearly discriminate
      three different patterns in each of the two homomeric dimers, FXIIIA 1 and FXIIIA
      2. These patterns can be explained by the existence of two codominant subtypes in
      each of the two common alleles, FXIIIA*1 and FXIIIA*2. These subtypes are termed
      FXIIIA*1A, 1B, 2A, and 2B, respectively. In random population samples of
      Japanese, all the possible phenotypes deduced from the four codominant alleles
      were observed except for the FXIIIA 2A homozygote with the least frequency. This
      hypothesis is compatible with the segregation study on 35 family samples. The
      frequencies of the four alleles were calculated in 433 unrelated Japanese as
      being .2748 for FXIIIA*1A, .6201 for FXIIIA*1B, .0069 for FXIIIA*2A, and .0982
      for FXIIIA*2B. The data obtained in this study will contribute much more to
      disputed paternity cases and to anthropological surveys than will the former
      FXIIIA system with two common alleles.

PMID- 3400641
TI  - Human creatine kinase genes on chromosomes 15 and 19, and proximity of the gene
      for the muscle form to the genes for apolipoprotein C2 and excision repair.
AB  - The human chromosomal assignments of genes of the creatine kinase (CK) family-
      loci for brain (CKBB), muscle (CKMM), and mitochondrial (CKMT) forms--were
      studied by Southern filter hybridization analysis of DNAs isolated from a human x
      rodent somatic cell hybrid clone panel. Probes for the 3'-noncoding sequences of
      human CKBB and CKMM hybridized concordantly only to DNAs from somatic cell
      hybrids containing chromosomes 14 and 19, respectively. Thus the earlier
      assignment of the gene coding for the CKBB isozyme to chromosome 14 was confirmed
      by molecular means, as was the provisional assignment of CKMM to the long arm of
      chromosome 19. A probe containing canine sequences for CKMM cross-hybridized with
      human sequences on chromosomes 14 and 19, a result consistent with the
      assignments of CKBB and CKMM. A probe containing human sequences for CKMT enabled
      the provisional assignment of CKMT to human chromosome 15. Independent hybrids
      with portions of the long arm of chromosome 19 missing indicated the order of
      genes on the long arm of chromosome 19 as being cen-GPI-(TGFB, CYP1)-[CKMM,
      (APOC2-ERCC1)]-(CGB, FTL). The unexpectedly more distal location of APOC2 among
      the genes on the long arm--and APOC2's close association with CKMM--is discussed
      with respect to the close linkage relationship of APOC2 to myotonic muscular
      dystrophy.

PMID- 3400644
TI  - Consanguineous marriage and reproduction in Beirut, Lebanon.
AB  - Effects of consanguineous marriages on couples' fertility and on offspring
      mortality were investigated in Beirut through a population-based health survey of
      2,752 households. A multistage random sampling procedure was used, and
      information was obtained from all ever-married women in the household about their
      reproductive performance and genealogical relationship with spouse; demographic
      and socioeconomic information was also recorded. Twenty-five percent of all
      marriages were between relatives, and the spouses were first cousins in
      approximately 57% of all consanguineous marriages. Total pregnancies, live
      births, and living children were significantly higher among consanguineous
      couples than among nonconsanguineous ones, as was the proportion dead among
      children ever born. However, no difference remained in either fertility or
      mortality, when allowance was made for socioeconomic status, religious
      affiliation, and marriage duration. The issue of confounding is discussed, and
      the lack of significant pattern in the final analysis is interpreted as resulting
      from a long-term practice of consanguineous marriages.

PMID- 3400646
TI  - Opposition to therapeutic interchange.

PMID- 3400645
TI  - An expository review of two methods of calculating the paternity probability.
AB  - There are two methods for calculating the posttests probability of paternity,
      viz., the nonexclusion probability method (E method) and the paternity index
      method (lambda method). This report reviews these two methods and explains the
      reasons behind them, in the hope that it might alleviate the current controversy
      between the advocates of these two methods. The emphasis throughout the paper is
      on exposition, using simple examples to illustrate certain principles or
      properties. A discussion follows the presentation of the two methods. The
      calculation of the paternity index is based on the genotype (or phenotype) of the
      accused man; and the value of the paternity index remains the same whether the
      accusation itself is true or false.

PMID- 3400647
TI  - Color coding of multisource products should be standardized or eliminated.

PMID- 3400648
TI  - Erasing the stereotype.

PMID- 3400649
TI  - Multidisciplinary cost-containment program promoting less frequent administration
      of injectable mezlocillin.
AB  - A multidisciplinary cost-containment program for promoting less frequent
      administration of mezlocillin injection is described. The pharmacy department and
      the division of infectious diseases at Hartford Hospital implemented a program
      through which regimens of mezlocillin 5 g every eight hours would automatically
      be substituted for the frequently prescribed regimen of mezlocillin 3 g every
      four hours. Patients with urinary-tract infections or renal insufficiency and
      febrile neutropenic cancer patients also received various modified regimens. Use
      of the modified regimens was promoted through inservice education programs and
      distribution of newsletters and pocket-size brochures describing the dose
      dependent pharmacokinetics of mezlocillin to medical staff. The pharmacy and
      therapeutics committee supported the program by endorsing the use of the modified
      regimens and distributing periodic progress reports. Pharmacists on the nursing
      units were responsible for enforcing the program stipulations regarding modified
      dosage regimens and for reporting adverse reactions and unexpected therapeutic
      failures. Ten months after implementation of the program, there was better than
      99% compliance with the appropriately modified mezlocillin dosage regimens.
      Theoretical annual cost savings based on less frequent administration of
      mezlocillin injection amount to more than $33,000. The multidisciplinary program
      described here was successful in promoting the use of modified mezlocillin dosage
      regimens.

PMID- 3400650
TI  - Improved reporting of adverse drug reactions.
AB  - A program using satellite pharmacists to improve adverse drug reaction (ADR)
      reporting in an 1100-bed teaching hospital is described. Because relying on
      physicians to report ADRs had met with little success (only six reports in seven
      years), the pharmacy department proposed that pharmacists in satellite pharmacies
      on patient-care units be called upon to identify and report ADRs. To begin this
      program, an ADR team composed of a physician, pharmacist, and nurse made weekly
      rounds of the satellite pharmacies to assist pharmacists in identifying potential
      ADRs. The FDA definition of an ADR was adopted. Also, inservice education
      programs about ADR reporting were conducted for pharmacists and nurses.
      Currently, suspected ADRs are reported to the satellite pharmacist, who forwards
      a completed drug reaction report form to the assistant director for clinical
      pharmacy services. Reports are discussed quarterly by the ADR subcommittee of the
      pharmacy and therapeutics committee; the sub-committee members determine whether
      any follow-up action is needed. In the first three years after implementation of
      this program, 306 ADRs were reported; 90% of the reports were filed by
      pharmacists. An ADR reporting system based on reporting by staff pharmacists has
      been effective in increasing the number of reported reactions and pharmacist
      involvement in monitoring patients for ADRs.

PMID- 3400652
TI  - Stability of amoxicillin trihydrate-potassium clavulanate in original containers
      and unit dose oral syringes.
AB  - The stability of reconstituted amoxicillin trihydrate-potassium clavulanate oral
      suspension both in original containers and pre-packaged in commercially available
      oral syringes stored at various temperatures was determined. Amoxicillin
      trihydrate 125 mg/5 mL-potassium clavulanate 31.25 mg/5 mL and amoxicillin
      trihydrate 250 mg/5 mL-potassium clavulanate 62.5 mg/5 mL were reconstituted
      according to the manufacturer's instructions. The reconstituted suspensions in
      the original containers and in five brands of oral syringes were stored at 5
      degrees C and 25 degrees C and -10 degrees C, 5 degrees C, and 25 degrees C,
      respectively, for 0, 2, 4, 7, and 14 days. The concentrations of amoxicillin
      trihydrate and potassium clavulanate remaining after storage were assayed in
      triplicate by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, using a
      stability-indicating method. An F statistic was calculated to determine whether
      different syringe brands had significantly different effects on drug stability.
      Amoxicillin trihydrate was stable for at least 10 days in the original containers
      and all types of oral syringes at 5 degrees C. However, potassium clavulanate was
      stable for 11.1 days in original containers and less than 5 days in all types of
      oral syringes at 5 degrees C. The effect of syringe brand on the stability of
      drugs over time at specific storage conditions and temperature was significant
      for potassium clavulanate at 5 degrees C and for both amoxicillin trihydrate and
      potassium clavulanate at 25 degrees C. The manufacturer's guidelines for storage
      of reconstituted amoxicillin trihydrate-potassium clavulanate oral suspension in
      the original containers should not be applied to dosages repackaged in unit dose
      oral syringes.

PMID- 3400651
TI  - Viability of microorganisms in fluorouracil and cisplatin small-volume
      injections.
AB  - The ability of various microorganisms to survive in cisplatin injection or
      fluorouracil injection in small-volume containers was assessed. Inoculum
      suspensions of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
      Pseudomonas cepacia, Candida albicans, or Aspergillus niger were injected into
      polyvinyl chloride minibags containing 20 mL of either fluorouracil injection 50
      mg/mL or cisplatin injection 1 mg/mL in 0.9% sodium chloride injection. All
      minibags were stored at 25 degrees C for 28 days. Three minibags containing only
      the sodium chloride solution and 18 minibags containing the sodium chloride
      solution inoculated with microorganisms served as negative and positive controls,
      respectively. Samples (1 mL) were obtained within 30 minutes of inoculation and
      again on days 1, 2, 4, 7, 14, 21, and 28. All microbial species lost viability in
      both the cisplatin and the fluorouracil admixtures over the study period. In most
      instances, this loss was more pronounced than that in the positive control
      solution. Whether the pH of the solutions contributed to this loss of viability
      was not determined. Under the conditions of this study, admixtures containing
      cisplatin and fluorouracil did not support rapid growth of microorganisms when
      stored at room temperature for up to 28 days.

PMID- 3400653
TI  - Relationship of productivity analysis to departmental cost-accounting systems.
AB  - Productivity assessment and its relationship to cost-accounting systems (CASs) is
      described. Hospital pharmacist managers need workload measurement-productivity
      assessment systems for evaluating their departments' scope of services and their
      impact on the total cost-quality balance in treating patients. Productivity is
      measured as the ratio of output (production units) to input (total personnel
      hours used) during a specified time. "Macro" production units represent a
      grouping of related tasks that, when combined, identify a service unit (e.g.,
      patient day) or activity (e.g., drug-use review consultation); "micro" production
      units are derived by weighting macro units on the basis of resource consumption
      (standard time required). Macro production unit data should reflect both fixed
      and variable costs and should be easy to obtain. A productivity analysis system
      may need more than one macro production unit and also some micro production
      units. Both input and output units should be separated by service category (e.g.,
      distributive, clinical, research) and by personnel category (pharmacist or
      supportive personnel). ASHP's PharmaTrend workload measurement system fits these
      criteria and facilitates national and regional comparisons, and data from
      PharmaTrend reports can be readily incorporated into a CAS. Pharmacy managers can
      best use workload measurement systems and CASs by observing trends in their
      ratios and indicator values over time.

PMID- 3400654
TI  - Audit to verify use of controlled substances in anesthesia.

PMID- 3400655
TI  - Fee-for-service activities provided by drug information centers.

PMID- 3400656
TI  - Visual compatibility of amiodarone hydrochloride with various antimicrobial
      agents during simulated Y-site injection.

PMID- 3400657
TI  - A clinical jock at midstream.

PMID- 3400658
TI  - Bone mass measurement: which site to measure?

PMID- 3400659
TI  - Measurement of spinal or peripheral bone mass to estimate early postmenopausal
      bone loss?
AB  - This report presents data from 153 healthy, early postmenopausal women who were
      randomly allocated to two years of treatment with estrogen or placebo. Bone
      mineral content in the forearms was measured by single-photon absorptiometry, and
      bone mineral density of the lumbar spine and total-body bone mineral by dual
      photon absorptiometry, before and after one and two years of treatment. At the
      end of the two years, there were highly significant differences of 6 to 7 percent
      between the estrogen and the placebo groups at all sites measured. The range of
      the changes of the spine measurement was twice that of the forearm and total-body
      measurements. It is concluded that measurement of the forearm by single-photon
      absorptiometry is superior to measurement of the spine by dual-photon
      absorptiometry both in clinical studies and in the individual patient for
      detecting estrogen-dependent bone loss and its treatment by estrogen replacement.

PMID- 3400661
TI  - Nosocomial infections in the elderly. Increased risk per hospital day.
AB  - Elderly patients have been shown to have an increased risk of acquiring
      nosocomial infection per hospital admission. To determine if the length of stay
      accounts for this risk, daily infection rates were computed per decade of life
      and rates for patients over and under 60 were compared using risk ratios. Four
      thousand thirty-one nosocomial infections in 2,567 patients were identified for a
      1980 through 1984 admission cohort in an acute-care hospital. The daily infection
      rates were 0.59 percent in patients over age 60 and 0.40 percent in younger
      patients (relative risk = 1.49). The daily incidences of urinary tract
      infections, respiratory infections, and septicemias were all significantly
      increased in elderly patients with risk ratios of 2.78, 2.07, and 1.36,
      respectively. Further analysis revealed that elderly patients experienced
      significantly more nosocomial infections for each day of hospitalization after
      Day 7. These data show that elderly patients experience an increased daily rate
      of nosocomial infection, and suggest that efforts be directed at identifying
      clinical conditions that predispose this population to hospital-acquired
      infections.

PMID- 3400660
TI  - Hungry bone syndrome: clinical and biochemical predictors of its occurrence after
      parathyroid surgery.
AB  - The hospital course of 218 consecutive patients with primary hyperparathyroidism
      admitted over a three-year period for parathyroidectomy at the Massachusetts
      General Hospital was reviewed to determine the incidence and identify the risk
      factors for the development of the hungry bone syndrome. Twenty-five patients
      with the hungry bone syndrome were identified (12.6 percent). Compared to
      patients with uncomplicated metabolic responses to parathyroid surgery, these
      patients were older by a mean of 10 years; they had higher preoperative serum
      levels of calcium, alkaline phosphatase, N-terminal parathyroid hormone, and
      blood urea nitrogen; and their resected parathyroid adenomata were larger. The
      mean duration of hospitalization averaged three days longer in the group with
      hungry bone disease. Stepwise multivariate analysis of preoperative variables
      enabled the development of a discriminant function for prediction of
      postoperative hypocalcemia and hypophosphatemia. Identified predictive variables
      were volume of resected parathyroid adenoma, blood urea nitrogen, alkaline
      phosphatase, and age. When validated on an independent patient population, these
      readily obtainable preoperative clinical and laboratory parameters will allow
      identification of a subgroup of patients who are at greater risk for the
      development of the hungry bone syndrome following parathyroid surgery.

PMID- 3400662
TI  - Central catheter infections: single- versus triple-lumen catheters. Influence of
      guide wires on infection rates when used for replacement of catheters.
AB  - A prospective study was conducted over six months to determine if triple-lumen
      catheters were associated with a higher rate of infection than single-lumen
      catheters. A total of 502 central intravascular catheters were prospectively
      collected from 362 consecutive patients in the adult intensive care units.
      Semiquantitative and broth cultures were performed on distal and proximal
      catheter segments, with peripheral blood culture specimens drawn in febrile
      patients. The overall infection rate for the 502 catheters was 11.8 percent or
      2.2 infections per 100 days at risk. The infection rates were: single-lumen
      lines, 8 percent; triple-lumen lines, 32 percent; and triple-lumen pulmonary
      artery catheters, 12 percent. When corrected for time at risk, the triple-lumen
      lines and the triple-lumen pulmonary artery catheters had the same rate of
      infection, which was three times greater than that of the single-lumen catheters.
      After correction for confounding variables such as the presence of diabetes
      mellitus, the use of hyperalimentation, the degree of illness, dialysis, or
      ultrafiltration, and the use of a guide wire to place a replacement line over a
      pre-existing one, the risk of infection remained significantly higher for triple
      lumen than for single-lumen catheters. The use of a guide wire to place a new
      line over an old one also was associated with a trend towards an increased risk
      of infection.

PMID- 3400663
TI  - Rapid transient reversal of anemia and long-term effects of maintenance
      intravenous immunoglobulin for autoimmune hemolytic anemia in patients with
      lymphoproliferative disorders.
AB  - Seven patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) associated with an
      underlying lymphoproliferative disorder were treated with intravenous
      immunoglobulin. Five patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, a patient with
      Hodgkin's lymphoma with severe AIHA associated with a "warm" IgG antibody, and a
      patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with an IgM "cold" antibody were treated with
      intravenous immunoglobulin G (0.4 g/kg) daily for five doses followed by
      maintenance therapy every 21 to 28 days if evidence of recurrence was noted. Two
      additional patients with refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia and
      hypogammaglobulinemia were given maintenance therapy with intravenous
      immunoglobulin G every 21 days for previously recurrent AIHA and infections.
      Hematocrit levels of patients with AIHA stabilized followed by a gradual
      improvement at 21 days after intravenous immunoglobulin G infusion without
      steroids. Treatment with steroids and intravenous immunoglobulin G resulted in
      faster and higher increments in hematocrit levels in these patients. Other
      patients who had partial responses to steroids showed further improvement in
      their hematocrit levels by the addition of intravenous immunoglobulin G. Another
      patient with a cold agglutinin disease was refractory to intravenous
      immunoglobulin G therapy. Five patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and
      acute AIHA and two patients with previous recurrences of AIHA required
      maintenance intravenous immunoglobulin G every 21 days. All seven patients except
      one did not have any episodes of AIHA from six months to as long as four years
      while receiving the three-week intravenous immunoglobulin G therapy. These
      observations indicate a role for intravenous immunoglobulin G in the management
      of IgG-mediated but not IgM-associated autoimmune hemolysis in immunocompromised
      patients with lymphoproliferative diseases.

PMID- 3400664
TI  - Death in a 56-year-old man with hyponatremia, fluid retention, and multiple
      cancers.

PMID- 3400665
TI  - The maestro.

PMID- 3400666
TI  - Without my ears.

PMID- 3400667
TI  - Arthropathy and surgery in congenital factor VII deficiency.
AB  - A 35-year-old woman with severe (less than 1 percent) factor VII deficiency had
      recurrent hemarthroses involving the left knee, leading to deformity, pain, and
      virtually complete loss of function. It was elected to perform a total knee
      replacement. In preparation for surgery, the patient received heat-treated
      prothrombin complex concentrate containing 870 units of factor VII per vial. A
      dose of 50 U/kg raised the factor VII level to 115 percent. At surgery, dense
      adhesions were found within the joint, the articular cartilage was overgrown with
      pannus extending out to the lateral patella, and there was extensive deformity of
      the femoral condyle and tibial plateau. The joint was excised and replaced by a
      cemented Microloc prosthesis. Postoperatively, factor VII levels were maintained
      above 10 percent by six-hourly infusions of concentrate. Beginning on Day 4,
      single daily infusions of 25 U/kg were given prior to physical therapy. No
      bleeding occurred, and the patient was ambulating at the time of discharge 20
      days postoperatively. This experience indicates that despite its short half-life
      (less than four hours), factor VII levels sufficient to prevent bleeding can be
      maintained in factor VII-deficient patients undergoing major operative
      procedures.

PMID- 3400669
TI  - Is digital rectal examination in men a cause of transient proteinuria?

PMID- 3400668
TI  - Erythema induratum and active pulmonary tuberculosis.
AB  - The etiology of erythema induratum, a rare disease of the skin in the United
      States but occasionally seen in natives of Asian countries, remains a source of
      debate. Its association with tuberculosis, although strongly suspected for more
      than one century, has not been clearly defined. We report a case of erythema
      induratum occurring in a young Chinese woman in the setting of active pulmonary
      tuberculosis. Both diseases promptly responded to antituberculous therapy. The
      diagnosis of erythema induratum should urge the clinician to search for a source
      of active tuberculosis, and treatment should be initiated accordingly.

PMID- 3400670
TI  - Sulfadiazine-induced crystalluria in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency
      syndrome: a reminder.

PMID- 3400671
TI  - Pneumococcal lung abscess.

PMID- 3400673
TI  - Failure of warfarin in treatment of calcinosis universalis.

PMID- 3400672
TI  - Pseudohypertension in a young woman.

PMID- 3400674
TI  - Massive hepatomegaly following splenectomy for myeloid metaplasia.

PMID- 3400675
TI  - Fine needle aspiration of the thyroid.

PMID- 3400676
TI  - Clindamycin in cerebral toxoplasmosis.

PMID- 3400677
TI  - Spectrum of gas within the kidney: emphysematous pyelonephritis and emphysematous
      pyelitis.

PMID- 3400678
TI  - Use of cefoperazone and other injectable antibiotics in patients with altered
      host defense. Proceedings of a symposium. July 16 and 17, 1987, Montreux,
      Switzerland.

PMID- 3400679
TI  - Comparison of cefoperazone and mezlocillin with imipenem as empiric therapy in
      febrile neutropenic cancer patients.
AB  - Seventy-eight patients with cancer experienced 88 episodes of fever while
      neutropenic and were randomly assigned to receive empiric antibiotic therapy with
      cefoperazone 2 g intravenously every 12 hours and mezlocillin 4 g intravenously
      every six hours or imipenem/cilastatin 500 mg intravenously over 30 to 60 minutes
      every six hours. Within 96 hours of starting antibiotic treatment, 24 patients
      (57 percent) treated with cefoperazone and mezlocillin and 34 patients (74
      percent) receiving imipenem/cilastatin became afebrile. One half of the patients
      in each arm required changes in the antibiotic regimen because of side effects,
      persistent fever with a site suspicious for infection, resistant organisms, or
      breakthrough bacteremias. Forty patients (95 percent) receiving cefoperazone and
      mezlocillin and 43 patients (93 percent) receiving imipenem/cilastatin recovered
      from the neutropenic episode. Two patients in each regimen group died of their
      underlying disease. One patient in the imipenem/cilastatin arm died of
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa sepsis. Although the two regimens are comparable in
      efficacy, the incidence of side effects favored the cefoperazone and mezlocillin
      group. No seizures or bleeding were seen in either arm; however, 19 patients (41
      percent) receiving imipenem/cilastatin required pretreatment antiemetic drugs for
      nausea.

PMID- 3400682
TI  - Asthma: a nocturnal disease. Symposium. January 21 to 24, 1988, Laguna Niguel,
      California. Proceedings.

PMID- 3400680
TI  - Cefoperazone plus mezlocillin for empiric therapy of febrile cancer patients.
AB  - Two dosing regimens of cefoperazone plus mezlocillin were compared in a
      prospective, randomized trial for therapy of febrile cancer patients. The two
      regimens were 5 g mezlocillin plus 2 g cefoperazone intravenously every four
      hours (higher dose) or 3 g mezlocillin plus 1 g cefoperazone intravenously every
      four hours (lower dose). Although the overall response rate was higher with the
      higher dose regimen (78 percent versus 66 percent, p = 0.04), the two regimens
      were comparable in patients with documented infections (72 percent versus 68
      percent). Likewise, the two regimens were equally effective against those
      infections in which the pathogen could be determined (82 percent versus 82
      percent). Serum bactericidal titers of at least 1:32 against a known pathogen
      were associated with a higher response rate than were titers of less than 1:32,
      but the higher dose regimen did not result in higher serum bactericidal titers.
      Hypoprothrombinemia was a side effect, especially with the higher dose regimen,
      before prophylactic vitamin K was routinely administered to patients. Since there
      were no major benefits with the use of the higher dose regimen of mezlocillin
      plus cefoperazone, the lower dose regimen is more appropriate for routine usage.

PMID- 3400681
TI  - Effect of dose and schedule on cefoperazone pharmacodynamics in an in vitro model
      of infection in a neutropenic host.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that cefoperazone given in frequent, large doses is
      effective in the treatment of infection in patients with cancer. The
      pharmacodynamics of 2- and 4-g doses of cefoperazone administered either as a
      single dose or at 12-hour intervals were studied in an in vitro model that
      simulates infection in a neutropenic patient. One strain each of Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa (minimal inhibitory concentration [MIC] = 2 micrograms/ml),
      Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 1 microgram/ml), Escherichia coli (MIC = 0.06
      micrograms/ml), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (MIC = 0.25 micrograms/ml) was studied.
      The initial dose reduced the inoculum by approximately 3 logs for the Pseudomonas
      and the staphylococci and 3 to 5 logs for the other organisms. No significant
      differences in killing were found between the 2- and 4-g doses. Regrowth of
      Pseudomonas and staphylococci occurred with the single dose but not with the
      every-12-hour regimen. These data support the clinical use of cefoperazone in
      doses every 12 hours.

PMID- 3400683
TI  - Nocturnal asthma: approach to the patient.
AB  - Nocturnal asthma can be diagnosed by asking patients whether they awaken at night
      with asthmatic symptoms and feel the need to use an aerosol bronchodilator. The
      primary objective in treating nocturnal asthma is to help patients sleep through
      the night. The bronchoconstriction that underlies nocturnal asthmatic symptoms is
      a reflection of bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and this hyperresponsiveness is
      greatly increased by airway inflammation. In patients with allergic asthma,
      airway inflammation can be reduced by reducing exposure to allergens and, in some
      cases, by immunotherapy. Nocturnal bronchoconstriction is best controlled by
      scheduling sustained-release bronchodilators, particularly theophylline, to
      provide the maximal theophylline blood concentration at the time of maximal
      obstruction, usually between 4:00 and 6:00 A.M.

PMID- 3400684
TI  - Circadian variations in chronic asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
AB  - Patients with airway obstruction of all types show circadian variation of
      airflow. This article reviews the results of studies that suggest both possible
      mechanisms for this phenomenon and strategies for its treatment. The strategies
      discussed include the use of sustained-release beta-agonists and a once-a-day
      theophylline preparation, Uniphyl tablets, that is especially effective in
      asthmatic patients when administered in the evening. Also presented is a summary
      of future directions in the planning and implementation of individualized
      therapeutic strategies for patients with advanced chronic obstructive airways
      disease.

PMID- 3400685
TI  - Pathogenesis and pathophysiology of nocturnal asthma.
AB  - Nocturnal wheezing is a major component of asthma. This article reviews the many
      factors (allergen exposure, sleep, airway cooling, diminished clearance of mucous
      secretions) that have been identified as contributing to nocturnal asthma. Also
      discussed are recent data suggesting that diurnal variations in hormone
      concentrations and in autonomic nervous system control are possible mechanisms of
      nocturnal asthma. Decreased epinephrine secretion and increased vagal tone during
      sleep not only cause airway obstruction but may also enhance bronchial
      reactivity. These changes in the modulation of airway smooth muscle tone produce
      bronchial obstruction, which, in turn, accentuates ventilation-perfusion mismatch
      and increases hypoxia.

PMID- 3400686
TI  - How much theophylline is enough?
AB  - Theophylline not only is a bronchodilator but also has other effects (inhibition
      of mediator release, enhancement of mucociliary clearance, enhancement of
      diaphragmatic contractility) that are potentially beneficial to asthmatic
      patients. Recent studies suggest that theophylline pharmacodynamics vary among
      asthmatic patients. However, on average, most of the total bronchodilatory
      response occurs at serum theophylline concentrations of 0 to 10 mg/liter.
      Additional (but less) bronchodilatation occurs at serum theophylline levels
      between 10 and 20 mg/liter. Pharmacodynamic relationships are not well
      established for other therapeutic effects of theophylline, such as attenuation of
      pharmacologically induced bronchoconstriction. An important feature of oral
      controlled-release theophylline therapy is timing of drug administration. Because
      airway reactivity increases and airway caliber decreases at night, it has been
      suggested that the greatest benefit is derived from theophylline when peak serum
      concentration is reached during the night or the early morning.

PMID- 3400687
TI  - Epidemiology of nocturnal asthma.
AB  - To determine the frequency of nocturnal asthma in a non-hospital-based
      population, a survey was conducted of asthmatic patients being treated by primary
      care physicians in many parts of the United Kingdom. Seventy-four percent of the
      7,729 patients who participated reported awakening at night at least once a week,
      and 64 percent reported awakening at least three times a week. Of 3,015 patients
      who regarded their asthma as mild, 26 percent reported awakening every night,
      suggesting that many patients underestimate the severity of their asthma.
      Patients with no nocturnal asthma generally had a lower frequency of allergic and
      nonallergic trigger factors, but no dominant feature distinguished these patients
      from those who did awaken at night. As perceived asthma severity increased, so
      did the number of drug types being prescribed, but no particular drug was
      identified as being associated with a lower frequency of nocturnal asthma. The
      frequency of nocturnal asthma found in the survey population (74 percent), in
      which 48 percent of the patients were using corticosteroid aerosols, was
      identical to that found in a survey conducted in 1971, when this medication was
      not yet available. Even though the sampling methods used in the two surveys were
      different, this finding indicates that the introduction of aerosol steroids has
      had little effect on the frequency of nocturnal asthma. Current use of existing
      medication alone may not eliminate the problem of nocturnal asthma, and new drugs
      and/or new dosing strategies may be needed to control this disabling symptom
      completely.

PMID- 3400688
TI  - Review of the North American experience with evening administration of Uniphyl
      tablets, a once-daily theophylline preparation, in the treatment of nocturnal
      asthma.
AB  - Increasing awareness of the exaggerated circadian rhythm in bronchomotor tone
      that causes most asthmatic patients to have increased respiratory symptoms in the
      early morning has resulted in a search for dosing strategies that will provide
      maximal bronchodilatory activity at the time of reduced bronchial patency. The
      purpose of this paper is to review briefly the published data on the North
      American experience with evening administration of the once-daily theophylline
      preparation, Uniphyl tablets. An increasing body of data demonstrates that this
      regimen produces peak concentrations of theophylline in the blood during the
      early morning hours, the time of maximal benefit for patients with nocturnal
      asthma. These data also show that once-daily Uniphyl administered in the evening
      is superior to both a once-daily morning Uniphyl schedule and to a conventional
      twice-daily sustained-release theophylline preparation in reducing early morning
      bronchoconstriction and associated symptoms.

PMID- 3400689
TI  - Cyclosporine-associated hypertension.

PMID- 3400690
TI  - Atheromatous renal disease.
AB  - PURPOSE: Atheroma as a cause of renal failure has been largely overlooked. We
      wanted to report our experience with atheromatous renal disease over a 12-year
      period. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Observations on 32 cases of various forms of renal
      failure in patients with atheromatous renal disease are presented. These patients
      had been hypertensive for an average of 10.2 +/- 9.2 years. The length of
      deterioration was an average of 17 months, and at presentation renal
      insufficiency was severe, with serum creatinine levels of (mean +/- SD) 616 +/-
      358 mumol/liter (6.8 +/- 4.0 mg/dl). At this stage, the clinical picture was
      indistinguishable from other common causes of chronic renal failure in the
      elderly. Thus, the precise diagnosis would have been overlooked without an
      aggressive diagnostic workup. All patients underwent angiography and six patients
      underwent renal biopsy. RESULTS: In 22 cases, renal insufficiency was mainly due
      to atheromatous stenosis of renal arteries. In six of six patients, the results
      of renal biopsy showed cholesterol crystal embolism. In four additional cases,
      there was clinical or histologic evidence of extrarenal cholesterol embolism. In
      eight, renal artery plaques coexisted with cholesterol embolism. In two patients,
      renal failure was due only to cholesterol embolism. Renal atheromatous stenoses
      were developing, as shown on serial angiographies performed in five cases. In
      seven cases, stenoses involved both the main trunks of renal arteries and several
      intrarenal branches of too small a diameter to allow reconstructive surgery or
      percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. In addition, the general condition of most
      patients was so poor as to preclude surgery. Dialysis was begun in 11 patients,
      four other patients died, and renal failure was managed conservatively in 11.
      When undertaken, reconstructive surgery was successful in five of six patients.
      CONCLUSIONS: Atheromatous renal disease is a frequent and easily overlooked cause
      of chronic renal insufficiency. It is not only due to renal artery stenosis but
      also to complex intrarenal lesions, with multiple stenoses of intrarenal
      vasculature and cholesterol embolism. It should be diagnosed by early angiography
      and renal biopsy, before the stage of multivisceral complications and at a time
      when surgery can still be undertaken.

PMID- 3400691
TI  - Progressive disseminated histoplasmosis in patients with acquired
      immunodeficiency syndrome.
AB  - PURPOSE: Progressive disseminated histoplasmosis is now diagnosed frequently in
      patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) living in the central
      United States. Previous review articles of AIDS have failed to mention this
      infection. Herein, we describe 48 AIDS patients with progressive disseminated
      histoplasmosis in an effort to better understand the clinical presentation and
      diagnosis of the condition in this setting and to assess the efficacy of
      antifungal chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In the Houston metropolitan area,
      there were 66 cases of progressive disseminated histoplasmosis among 1,300
      confirmed cases of AIDS from January 1983 to July 1987. Of AIDS patients in East
      Texas with histoplasmosis, 16 patients were available for follow-up by one of us,
      and the histories of 32 were obtained by examination of hospital charts and
      physician records. RESULTS: Fever, weight loss, and splenomegaly were the most
      common presenting signs and symptoms, occurring in 81, 52, and 31 percent,
      respectively. One-third of the patients had hematologic abnormalities.
      Infiltrates on chest roentgenograms were observed in 52 percent. Progressive
      disseminated histoplasmosis was the initial manifestation of AIDS in almost three
      fourths of our patients. Biopsy and culture of the bone marrow established the
      diagnosis of progressive disseminated histoplasmosis in 69 percent. Clinical or
      autopsy proof of relapse occurred in three patients despite an initial course of
      more than 2 g of amphotericin B chemotherapy followed by ketoconazole
      suppression. CONCLUSION: Progressive disseminated histoplasmosis is often the
      first sign of immunodeficiency in patients with AIDS, and the diagnosis of this
      condition is most often established by bone marrow biopsy and culture. Because of
      the permanence of the immunodeficient state in these patients, progressive
      disseminated histoplasmosis is resistant to treatment.

PMID- 3400692
TI  - Recurrent gram-negative bacteremia.
AB  - PURPOSE: Recurrent gram-negative bacteremia is defined as two or more episodes of
      bacteremia occurring in the same patient with an infection-free interval between
      each episode. Our purpose was to identify patients with recurrent gram-negative
      bacteremia in order to define possible risk factors for its recurrence. PATIENTS
      AND METHODS: During a recently completed prospective study of all episodes of
      gram-negative bacteremia at the Buffalo Veterans Administration Center between
      April 1, 1984, and May 31, 1987, 35 patients with 74 episodes of gram-negative
      bacteremia were identified. The following information was obtained from all 35
      patients: age, service, date of hospital admission, date of the bacteremia,
      underlying diseases, initial antimicrobial therapy, focus of infection, the
      presence or absence of shock, antimicrobial susceptibility of the blood isolate,
      and outcome. RESULTS: All 35 patients were men, had a mean age of 69 years, and
      all had one or more underlying diseases; 45 percent had a malignancy. The
      duration of time between a pair of episodes was four weeks or more for 74 percent
      of 38 pairs of episodes. In 25 of 38 (66 percent) pairs of episodes, the focus of
      infection was the same; in 80 percent of these 25 pairs, the urinary tract was
      the focus. Overall, the urinary tract was the focus of gram-negative bacteremia
      in almost 50 percent. Escherichia coli was the single most common organism
      isolated (28 percent of all episodes), followed by Proteus mirabilis (17.5
      percent) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (17.5 percent). Six of 35 (17 percent)
      patients died due to gram-negative bacteremia; five of these six had a
      respiratory tract focus of infection. CONCLUSIONS: In a population of veterans,
      recurrent gram-negative bacteremia was identified in almost 10 percent of all
      patients with gram-negative bacteremia during a 37-month study period. Recurrent
      gram-negative bacteremia most frequently occurred in the setting of underlying
      malignancy with the urinary tract as a common focus of infection. The mortality
      rate of 17 percent was similar to that of all patients with gram-negative
      bacteremia reported in previous studies.

PMID- 3400693
TI  - Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia and recurrent staphylococcal infection in
      patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and AIDS-related complex.
AB  - PURPOSE: An increased incidence of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia has recently
      been described in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
      However, other risk factors for community-acquired S. aureus bacteremia
      (including intravenous drug abuse and lymphedema) were present in nearly all
      these AIDS-related cases of S. aureus infection. Our purpose was to review cases
      of S. aureus bacteremia that occurred in patients with AIDS or AIDS-related
      complex (ARC) who did not have a recent history of intravenous drug use,
      lymphatic obstruction, or neutropenia. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients at San
      Francisco General Hospital between October 1984 and October 1987 with blood
      culture results positive for S. aureus were identified. A review of this group
      revealed 22 cases of S. aureus bacteremia that occurred in 18 patients with an
      underlying diagnosis of AIDS or ARC, none of whom had a recent history of
      intravenous drug use, lymphedema secondary to Kaposi's sarcoma, or neutropenia.
      RESULTS: An intravenous catheter was the single most important risk factor for S.
      aureus bacteremia and was identified as the source for bacteremia in 16 (73
      percent) of the 22 episodes. Based on 1986 outpatient clinic records, we
      calculated an incidence of S. aureus bacteremia occurring in non-intravenous-drug
      using male AIDS or ARC patients, 18 to 44 years old, that was 5.4 episodes/1,000
      patients. Although the mean duration of appropriate antibiotic therapy was 18
      days, late metastatic complications of S. aureus bacteremia occurred in six (35
      percent) of 17 AIDS/ARC patients who survived initial antibiotic therapy.
      CONCLUSION: Non-intravenous-drug-using AIDS and ARC patients (especially those
      with indwelling venous catheters) appear to be at high risk for S. aureus
      bacteremia, with a higher late metastatic complication rate than that reported
      for recent historical control subjects.

PMID- 3400694
TI  - Reversibility by dipyridamole of thallium-201 myocardial scan defects in patients
      with sarcoidosis.
AB  - PURPOSE: In order to clarify the significance of anginal pain and myocardial
      thallium-201 scan defects in cardiac sarcoidosis, the pharmacologic effect of
      dipyridamole on myocardial perfusion was assessed by planar thallium-201
      myocardial scintigraphy in patients with sarcoidosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS:
      Thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy was performed at rest and after 0.56 mg/kg
      intravenous dipyridamole during four minutes in 16 patients with sarcoidosis. The
      myocardial scan (45-degree and 70-degree left anterior oblique, and anterior
      views) was divided into 15 segments. Results were evaluated by the number of
      segmental defects and with a global perfusion score (from 0 to 60) by a semi
      quantitative index depending on the size and severity of myocardial thallium-201
      defects. RESULTS: Thirteen of the 16 patients showed partial or total reversion
      of their thallium-201 defects on redistribution scanning either at rest or after
      dipyridamole. The mean (+/- SD) number of myocardial perfusion defects that were
      present in all the patients decreased from 5.31 +/- 1.78 at rest to 3.25 +/- 2.52
      after redistribution (p less than 0.001) and to 2.19 +/- 2.10 after dipyridamole
      (p less than 0.001). The mean global perfusion score increased from 53.2 +/- 3.0
      at rest to 56.2 +/- 2.9 after redistribution (p less than 0.001) and to 57.2 +/-
      2.7 after dipyridamole (p less than 0.001). A significant correlation (r = 0.82,
      p less than 0.001) was found between the increase of global perfusion score on
      redistribution and after dipyridamole. CONCLUSION: The reversibility of
      myocardial scan defects is a common finding in sarcoidosis. It makes unlikely the
      role of scar fibrosis or extensive confluent granulomas as a mechanism for such
      defects. The effect of dipyridamole suggests the presence of reversible disorders
      lying at the coronary microvascular level.

PMID- 3400695
TI  - Anti-amiodarone antibodies: detection and relationship to the development of side
      effects.
AB  - PURPOSE: It has become evident in the past few years that amiodarone, a powerful
      antiarrhythmic agent, induces considerable side effects. These may be due to an
      amiodarone-elicited lipid storage disease and to the iodine content of
      amiodarone, but might also be causally related to amiodarone-induced immune
      reactions. The latter possibility prompted us to develop a sensitive anti
      amiodarone antibody detection assay based on the immunodot technique. PATIENTS
      AND METHODS: Sera were obtained from 10 untreated control subjects and 33
      patients receiving amiodarone. Using serum dilutions of 1:500 and 1:1,000, the
      lower detection limit was 0.3 microgram/ml of anti-amiodarone antibodies as
      calculated from a simultaneously performed IgG standard curve. RESULTS: Screening
      of sera from the untreated control subjects and amiodarone-treated patients
      revealed that the untreated subjects had no anti-amiodarone antibodies, that only
      one of 16 patients without clinical side effects had elevated anti-amiodarone
      antibodies, but that seven of 12 patients with amiodarone-induced thyroid disease
      and four of five patients with other side effects had elevated anti-amiodarone
      antibody titers (1.2 to 2.5 micrograms/ml). The combined evaluation of anti
      amiodarone antibody titers and cumulative dose was found to be a highly reliable
      indicator of side effects, as all patients with more than 100-g cumulative dose
      of amiodarone and more than 0.6 microgram/ml of anti-amiodarone antibodies had
      side effects. CONCLUSION: The detection of anti-amiodarone antibodies in patients
      with amiodarone-elicited side effects underscores the possible contribution of
      immunologic reactions to the development of certain side effects.

PMID- 3400696
TI  - Effect of early menopause on bone mass in normal women and patients with
      osteoporosis.
AB  - PURPOSE: Early menopause is widely regarded as a risk factor for osteoporosis.
      The aim of this study was to determine whether this risk is conferred by a lower
      bone mass. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Two hundred thirteen normal postmenopausal women
      and 55 women with postmenopausal osteoporosis (vertebral fractures) underwent
      bone mass measurements at the lumbar spine, femoral neck, and midshaft using dual
      photon absorptiometry. To examine the effect of early menopause, postmenopausal
      normal women were stratified according to whether menopause occurred before or
      after the age of 50 years. Patients with osteoporosis were stratified in the same
      way. RESULTS: Patients with osteoporosis had menopause at an earlier age than
      control subjects, but the difference in bone mass between the patients with
      osteoporosis and the control subjects could not be attributed to this earlier age
      at menopause. Furthermore, within the osteoporotic patient group, those with
      early menopause did not have lower bone mass than those with normal age at
      menopause. Similarly, within the normal subject group, those with early menopause
      did not have lower bone mass than those with normal age at menopause. CONCLUSION:
      Patients with osteoporosis have lower bone mass, which is independent of the age
      at menopause. Although a small effect (less than or equal to 5 percent) of early
      menopause on bone mass cannot be entirely excluded, these data suggest that the
      amount of bone lost following menopause is the same irrespective of the age at
      which menopause occurs. If early menopause is a risk factor for osteoporosis, the
      risk is not conferred by a bone mass substantially lower than predicted had
      menopause occurred later, but may be related to the duration of exposure to
      minimal trauma at low bone mass.

PMID- 3400697
TI  - Pituitary gland growth during normal pregnancy: an in vivo study using magnetic
      resonance imaging.
AB  - PURPOSE: Autopsy studies have shown that pregnancy results in physiologic
      pituitary enlargement. We used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to corroborate
      those findings in vivo. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Based on gestational age, 32 normal
      primigravid patients were divided into three groups: Group I (n = 10), less than
      12 gestational weeks; Group II (n = 11), 13 to 26 gestational weeks; and Group
      III (n = 11), 27 gestational weeks or more. The pituitary dimensions and volumes
      in these groups were compared with those in 20 healthy nulliparous women (control
      group). RESULTS: MRI measurements showed a significant increase in pituitary
      volume in Groups I, II, and III when compared with the control group (p less than
      0.001). Furthermore, there was an increase in pituitary volume between Groups I
      and II and between Groups II and III, although the former was not statistically
      significant (p greater than 0.05). At the end of pregnancy, the hypophysis had
      increased 2.6 mm in vertical, anteroposterior, and transversal dimensions, with
      an overall increase of 136 percent when compared with that of the control group.
      CONCLUSION: Baseline measurements of the normal enlargement of the pituitary
      gland that occurs during pregnancy could prove useful when evaluating pregnant
      patients with suspected pituitary tumors or lymphocytic hypophysitis.

PMID- 3400698
TI  - Point of view: the nurse.

PMID- 3400699
TI  - Atrial fibrillation, refractory hypotension, and death in a 70-year-old woman.

PMID- 3400700
TI  - Glomerulonephritis and reversible renal failure resulting from osteomyelitis in a
      diabetic patient.

PMID- 3400701
TI  - Severe cardiomyopathy due to chronic rapidly conducted atrial fibrillation:
      complete recovery after restoration of sinus rhythm.

PMID- 3400703
TI  - Fatal aplastic anemia associated with hepatitis B viral infection.

PMID- 3400702
TI  - Chronic Q fever and severe thrombocytopenia in a pregnant woman.

PMID- 3400704
TI  - Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare: cutaneous presentations of disseminated
      disease.

PMID- 3400705
TI  - Humoral and cellular immunosuppression of granulopoiesis in a patient with
      neutropenia.

PMID- 3400706
TI  - Hypoglycemia due to inadvertent dispensing of chlorpropamide.

PMID- 3400707
TI  - Evaluating discharges in the medical intensive care unit.

PMID- 3400708
TI  - Severe priapism as a complication of testosterone substitution therapy.

PMID- 3400710
TI  - Successful treatment of Weber-Christian disease by cyclosporin A.

PMID- 3400709
TI  - Discontinuation of therapy in diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis.

PMID- 3400711
TI  - Excessive aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity in obese patients.

PMID- 3400713
TI  - On the positioning (or malpositioning) of a nasogastric tube.

PMID- 3400712
TI  - Rothia dentocariosa endocarditis.

PMID- 3400714
TI  - Detection of acute myocarditis using nuclear magnetic resonance imaging.

PMID- 3400715
TI  - Autoimmune phenomena in human immunodeficiency virus infection.

PMID- 3400716
TI  - Clindamycin in cerebral toxoplasmosis.

PMID- 3400717
TI  - Acute effects of nifedipine on renal electrolyte excretion in normal and
      hypertensive subjects.
AB  - The role of renal calcium handling in the hypotensive response to calcium channel
      blockers has not been investigated previously. The acute vasodilatory effect of
      calcium channel blockers may be accompanied by changes in renal electrolyte
      handling that are important in renal electrolyte handling that are important in
      producing the hypotensive response seen with these agents. Nifedipine has been
      shown to cause acute and chronic natriuresis and diuresis, which are important in
      the ability to use nifedipine chronically in essential hypertension. We
      prospectively investigated the acute effect of 10 mg of nifedipine orally on
      renal cation handling in normotensive and untreated essential hypertensive
      subjects during a standard oral water load. At baseline there was no difference
      between normotensives and hypertensives in serum ionized calcium or magnesium, or
      in the urinary fractional excretion of these two cations. Oral nifedipine acutely
      increased the fractional excretion of sodium without changing the fractional
      excretion of calcium or magnesium. Nifedipine did not alter the serum
      concentrations of sodium, calcium, or magnesium. Augmented sodium excretion may
      play a role in the acute hypotensive response to oral nifedipine. The acute
      hypotensive response does not seem to be caused by altered renal handling of
      calcium or magnesium. Counterbalancing effects of nifedipine on proximal and
      distal nephron calcium handling may explain the disassociation of augmented
      sodium excretion and no net change in calcium excretion.

PMID- 3400718
TI  - Carcinomatous involvement of the thyroid presenting as subacute thyroiditis.
AB  - Carcinomatous involvement of the thyroid is a most unusual cause of
      hyperthyroidism and thyroiditis, with only a few cases reported in the
      literature. The authors present a 35-year-old woman with signs, symptoms, and
      laboratory findings of hyperthyroidism, and subacute thyroiditis that was due to
      extensive replacement of the thyroid gland by adenocarcinoma (shown by fine
      needle aspiration). After chemotherapy with vincristine and cisplatin, the
      swelling of the thyroid resolved, thyroidal uptake of radioactive iodine
      increased, and mild hypothyroidism developed. Despite the improvement in her
      thyroid status, she died from progressive malignancy. This case illustrates the
      value of fine needle aspiration cytology where doubt exists in the diagnosis of
      thyroid disorders.

PMID- 3400719
TI  - Additive congenital anomaly patterns.
AB  - A family study was conducted on 1,038 index patients with unidentified multiple
      congenital abnormality (MCA) patterns in the population-based material of the
      Hungarian Congenital Malformation Registry (HCMR). Congenital abnormalities (CAs)
      were detected in 5.1% of fathers and in 4.2% of mothers, respectively. Two
      fathers had an MCA pattern similar to that in their affected child. One component
      CA of multimalformed index children occurred in 55.1% of fathers and 52.3% of
      mothers. Thus, in more than half of affected parent-child pairs, there may be a
      causal connection between the observed anomalies. The combination of CAs of
      different parental origin in index patients is called "additive CA pattern." This
      group of patients may represent about 5% of unidentified MCA patterns and about
      50% of affected parent-child pairs.

PMID- 3400720
TI  - Interstitial deletion 13q: further delineation of the syndrome by clinical and
      high-resolution chromosome analysis of five patients.
AB  - Five patients with interstitial deletion 13q are reported. High-resolution
      chromosome banding established the diagnosis in two cases and stated the exact
      breakpoints in three remaining cases. All parents had normal chromosomes. An
      unequal and so far unexplained sex ratio of previously published and present
      cases was found: M:F = 1:2.75. Moderate to severe growth retardation was
      prominent in all patients. The patients were followed with psychological tests
      and growth data for 3-10 years. Mild to moderate mental retardation was present.
      Considerable phenotypic similarities were found in two patients with
      del(13)(q21.33 q31.3) and one with del(13)(q14.3q22.3). Repeat ophthalmological
      examinations showed no evidence of retinoblastoma in a male with
      del(13)(q13.1q21.1). In conclusion, the long-term study of five patients with
      interstitial deletion 13q, all evaluated with high-resolution banding,
      contributed to a more reliable mental and growth prognosis in such patients.

PMID- 3400721
TI  - Discordance of signs in monozygotic twins concordant for the Goldenhar anomaly.
AB  - Concordance for Goldenhar anomaly has been described in monozygotic (MZ) twins on
      2 occasions but never in dizygotic (DZ) twins. In both cases the twins were
      similarly, although not identically, affected. We report on a pair of probably
      monozygotic twins (8% probability of DZ) who presented with extremely diverse
      manifestations of this anomaly complex. One of them required a tracheostomy
      because of obstructive apnea due to severe micrognathia and subsequently died.
      This twin had a midline lower lip cleft which has not previously been described
      in the Goldenhar anomaly.

PMID- 3400722
TI  - Perfect pitch.
AB  - Thirty-five subjects with perfect pitch, representing 19 families, were studied
      with a Perfect Pitch Questionnaire, which provided information on note
      recognition capacity and musical exposure and training, as well as demographic
      characteristics. Perfect pitch was found to predominate in females and was
      detected at a very early age. The significant family incidence of the trait
      suggests the operation of genetic mechanisms concerning which speculations are
      presented.

PMID- 3400723
TI  - Overgrowth, congenital hypotonia, nystagmus, strabismus, and mental retardation:
      variant of dominantly inherited Sotos sequence?
AB  - We report on 2 patients with macrocephaly, strabismus, esotropia, nystagmus,
      hypotonia, developmental delay, excessive size, unusual facial appearance, and
      improvement with age. Many of these abnormalities are present in Sotos sequence.
      The mothers of both patients share some characteristics with their children.
      These patients may represent an autosomal dominant form of Sotos sequence.

PMID- 3400724
TI  - Decreased developmental stability as assessed by fluctuating asymmetry of
      morphometric traits in preterm infants.
AB  - Fluctuating asymmetry (FA) of 8 morphometric traits was studied in 113 preterm
      infants (26-36 wk of gestation), 103 term infants (37-41 wk), and their
      respective parents. With 3 different measures of FA, the highest values were
      obtained from extremely preterm infants (26-29 wk), and the lowest from the group
      of term infants. The estimates of FA values among parents, particularly mothers,
      showed a similar, albeit less pronounced, trend. Multiple regression analysis of
      individual mean FA values, calculated in infants for the 8 studied bilateral
      traits, documented a significant inverse correlation with gestational age and
      with the health status of the infants and their mothers, as well as a positive
      correlation with the mothers' mean FA values.

PMID- 3400725
TI  - Report of two cases of distal deletion of the long arm of chromosome 6.
AB  - We report on two patients with distal deletions of 6q. In one case a de novo
      translocation between chromosomes 6 and 7 resulted in del(6q25----6qter). The
      other case had a de novo deletion, also from 6q25 to 6qter. There have been eight
      previous reports of distal deletions of 6q. These patients have developmental
      retardation, microcephaly, craniofacial anomalies, various types of congenital
      heart defects, and anomalies of hands and feet. The facial similarities of our
      two patients and those in six published photographs are subtle and may represent
      an emerging phenotype.

PMID- 3400727
TI  - Callosal defect, microcephaly, severe mental retardation, and other anomalies in
      three sibs.
AB  - This study concerns an apparently lethal and previously undescribed syndrome of
      hypoplastic corpus callosum, microcephaly, severe mental retardation,
      preauricular skin tag, camptodactyly, growth retardation, and recurrent
      bronchopneumonia. This combination of anomalies is probably inherited as an
      autosomal recessive trait. A brief literature review of the anomalies or
      syndromes associated with callosal defects is discussed.

PMID- 3400726
TI  - Ethics and medical genetics in the United States: a national survey.
AB  - The approaches of 295 medical geneticists in the United States to 14 clinical
      problems and 3 screening situations that required a moral choice are summarized.
      These data are part of a survey of 682 geneticists in 19 nations. Of 490 U.S.
      geneticists asked to participate, 295 (60%) returned anonymous detailed
      questionnaires. There was strong (greater than 75%) consensus that preserving the
      mother's confidentiality overrides disclosure of true paternity; that conflicting
      test results, new/controversial interpretations of results, and
      ambiguous/artifactual results should be disclosed; that artificial insemination
      by donor, adoption, taking chances, contraception, sterilization, and in-vitro
      fertilization with a donor egg should be presented as reproductive options to
      carriers of disorders not diagnosable prenatally; that prenatal diagnosis should
      be performed for patients who refuse abortion and for maternal anxiety in the
      absence of medical indications; that screening in the workplace should be
      voluntary. There was no consensus about disclosure of a diagnosis of Huntington
      disease or hemophilia A to relatives at risk, against the patient's wishes, or
      about disclosure of parental translocations. Geneticists in the U.S. differed
      from 18 other nations in presenting surrogate motherhood as an option (67%);
      willingness to perform prenatal diagnosis for sex selection or refer (62%); and
      disclosure of XY genotype in a female (62%). Men were more likely than women to
      say that they would give directive counseling. Women were more likely than men to
      say that they would perform prenatal diagnosis for maternal anxiety or for sex
      selection.

PMID- 3400728
TI  - Relationship between Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster (MRK) anomaly and hereditary renal
      adysplasia (HRA).
AB  - We report the results of a study performed in a sample of women with the Mayer
      Rokitansky-Kuster (MRK) anomaly and in their first-degree relatives. Our results
      are compatible with a traditional model of multifactorial determination; however,
      we cannot exclude the hypothesis of autosomal dominant inheritance, with an
      intermediate degree of penetrance and a highly variable expressivity of a single
      mutant gene. In this sense, our data seem to support the idea expressed recently
      by Opitz [1987].

PMID- 3400729
TI  - Variability of the Holt-Oram syndrome in Saudi individuals.
AB  - We studied three families in which patients with the Holt-Oram syndrome (HOS) had
      various skeletal abnormalities and congenital heart defects. Two patients had
      absent thumbs and first metacarpals, hypoplastic radii, and atrial and
      ventricular septal defects. Patient 2 had pulmonary stenosis, an atrial septal
      defect, and triphalangeal thumbs. A sister had atrial septal defect and
      abnormalities of the thumbs; two brothers had abnormalities of the thumbs. The
      mother had unilateral defect of the thumb with a normal heart. The third patient
      had tetralogy of Fallot and hypoplastic pulmonary artery. In two families the HOS
      appeared to be the result of new mutations; in one it was transmitted as an
      autosomal dominant trait.

PMID- 3400730
TI  - Cryptomicrotia and short, stubby fingers with excess fingertip arch patterns in a
      mother and son.
AB  - We describe a malformation syndrome of bilateral cryptomicrotia,
      brachytelomesophalangy, hypoplastic toe nails, and excess fingertip arch patterns
      in a chromosomally and mentally normal mother and son. Familial occurrence of
      this malformation complex has not been described previously and the
      manifestations of the patients do not correspond to those of any known
      malformation syndromes. The disorder in this family may be attributable to the
      pleiotropic effect of an autosomal or an X-linked dominant gene.

PMID- 3400731
TI  - Discordant expression of the G syndrome in monozygotic twins.
AB  - We present clinical manifestations of monozygotic male twins with different
      degrees of expression of the G syndrome. Monozygosity was confirmed using DNA
      mini-satellite "fingerprint" analysis. The findings in these twins suggest that
      expression of the G syndrome can be strongly influenced by the prenatal
      developmental environment.

PMID- 3400732
TI  - Duplication 18p with mild influence on the phenotype.
AB  - Duplication 18p was found in a 12-year-old girl whose father carried a balanced
      translocation involving the same chromosome segment, t(18;21)(p11;p11). Our
      patient had delayed speech development, mild psychomotor retardation, epilepsy,
      and minor anomalies, including a low nasal bridge, anti-mongolian eye slant, low
      set ears, and narrowly arched palate. These findings are compared with eight
      previously published cases.

PMID- 3400733
TI  - IVIC syndrome: report of a second family.
AB  - The IVIC syndrome derives its name from the Instituto Venezolano de
      Investigaciones Cientificas, where it was described by Arias et al. [Am J Med
      Genet 6:25-59, 1980]. We report on several individuals in a family with the IVIC
      syndrome, the second described in the literature. In this family there are 3
      affected individuals in 2 generations. This observation shows that the IVIC
      syndrome is not a private syndrome, and confirms that it is due to an autosomal
      dominant mutation.

PMID- 3400734
TI  - Variant of atelosteogenesis? Report of a 20-week fetus.
AB  - We report on a 20-week fetus with manifestations similar, but not identical, to
      those of atelosteogenesis. The present fetus had rhizomelic micromelia with
      absence of ossification in the humerus, radius, ulna, and cervical and upper
      thoracic vertebral bodies; coronal clefts in the ossified thoracic vertebral
      bodies; and talipes equinovarus. The physes were relatively normal on histologic
      examination.

PMID- 3400735
TI  - Absence of fibula and ulna with oligodactyly, contractures, right-angle bowing of
      femora, abnormal facial morphology, cleft lip/palate and brain malformation in
      two sibs: a possibly new lethal syndrome.
AB  - Absence of fibulae, and unilateral absence of ulna, associated with lateral
      oligodactyly, and rectangular bowing of the femora are the prominent features of
      a lethal syndrome studied in two children of related parents. Other malformations
      are cleft lip and palate and posterior midline abnormalities of the brain. One
      similar though not identical MCA-syndrome was reported. The literature is
      reviewed with respect to ulno-fibular malformations.

PMID- 3400737
TI  - A probable premeiotic origin of extra isochromosomes.

PMID- 3400736
TI  - Multiple congenital anomaly/mental retardation (MCA/MR) syndrome with Goldenhar
      complex due to a terminal del(22q).
AB  - We present a case of terminal del(22q) with Goldenhar complex including
      hemifacial microsomia, bilateral epibulbar dermoids, preauricular tags with
      sensorineural hearing loss, vertebral anomalies, and CNS and renal malformations.
      The case illustrates causal heterogeneity of the Goldenhar complex and a
      previously unreported associated chromosome deletion.

PMID- 3400738
TI  - The unnatural history of a syndrome.

PMID- 3400739
TI  - Charge association vs. velo-cardio-facial syndrome.

PMID- 3400740
TI  - A further test of the fetus-fetus interaction hypothesis.

PMID- 3400741
TI  - Caring lights the way.

PMID- 3400743
TI  - Neglected survivors.

PMID- 3400742
TI  - I'm sorry, baby.

PMID- 3400744
TI  - Saving time on heparin flushes.

PMID- 3400745
TI  - Caring comes first.

PMID- 3400746
TI  - Taking the pressure out of compartment syndrome.

PMID- 3400747
TI  - Treatment options for psoriasis.

PMID- 3400748
TI  - Group support for derm patients.

PMID- 3400749
TI  - Friends on friendship.

PMID- 3400750
TI  - Washington DC Metro jobfocus. Nursing in power town.

PMID- 3400751
TI  - Are we easing the transition from LPN to ADN?

PMID- 3400752
TI  - AIDS commission prescribes more nurses.

PMID- 3400753
TI  - My first 30 years...

PMID- 3400754
TI  - Traumatic hyphema in a defined population.
AB  - From 1960 through 1984, traumatic hyphema was diagnosed in 248 residents (204
      males and 44 females) of Olmsted County, Minnesota. The mean annual incidence
      rate was significantly greater (P less than .001) among males than among females:
      20.2 per 100,000 population and 4.1 per 100,000, respectively. The overall mean
      annual rate was 12.2. A significant increase in the incidence rate in recent
      years was caused primarily by an increase in the number of sports-related
      injuries. Secondary hemorrhage occurred in 18 patients (7.3%) and was
      significantly (P less than .05) more frequent among patients whose initial
      hyphema filled more than one third of the anterior chamber. The low risk of
      secondary hemorrhage and associated serious sequelae suggests that the possible
      benefits from routine systemic administration of aminocaproic acid may not
      outweigh the costs and risks in populations similar to that of Olmsted County.

PMID- 3400755
TI  - Cryopexy of the vitreous base in the management of peripheral uveitis.
AB  - We reviewed 27 consecutive eyes with peripheral uveitis and vitreous base
      neovascularization that had been treated with cryopexy and followed up for a
      median of 4.5 years. During the follow-up period, 21 eyes (78%) remained
      quiescent, whereas five eyes (18%) demonstrated intermittent inflammation,
      although only one of these eyes progressed to a traction retinal detachment. One
      eye (4%) eventually atrophied; however, this was believed to be a result of the
      ongoing uveitis rather than the cryopexy. The treated eyes had an average
      improvement of three lines in Snellen visual acuity. We found that corticosteroid
      therapy remains the primary treatment modality for active inflammation, and
      vitreous base cryopexy should be reserved for those cases which are resistant to
      corticosteroids, and which demonstrate active neovascularization.

PMID- 3400756
TI  - Repeated fluid-gas exchange for hypotony after vitreoretinal surgery for
      proliferative vitreoretinopathy.
AB  - Three patients with prolonged hypotony after vitreoretinal surgery for
      proliferative vitreoretinopathy were treated with repeated fluid-gas exchanges to
      maintain intraocular pressure and prevent the development of phthisis bulbi. We
      performed fluid-gas exchanges solely to treat the hypotony beyond the period when
      tamponade of retinal breaks was required, and without specific positioning of the
      bubble. In these patients, the intraocular pressure eventually returned to normal
      and useful vision was retained.

PMID- 3400757
TI  - Pseudoinflammatory macular dystrophy.
AB  - We studied a family with a dominantly inherited macular dystrophy resembling
      Sorsby's pseudoinflammatory dystrophy. Retinal pigment epithelial atrophy and
      varying degrees of pigment epithelial metaplasia were prominent fundus features
      in this pedigree. However, findings on electro-oculography were abnormal, unlike
      previous findings in patients with Sorsby's dystrophy. Histopathologic study of
      an eye from one patient demonstrated widespread atrophy of the retina, retinal
      pigment epithelium, and choroid. Although the pseudoinflammatory fundus
      appearance is common to several macular dystrophies and some eyes with end-stage,
      age-related macular degeneration, abnormal electro-oculograms and a dominant
      inheritance pattern distinguish the dystrophy in the present pedigree from other
      dystrophies and age-related macular degeneration.

PMID- 3400758
TI  - Long-term betaxolol therapy in glaucoma patients with pulmonary disease.
AB  - We evaluated the use of topically administered betaxolol 0.5% in 101 glaucoma
      patients (47 men and 54 women) who had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,
      asthma, or timolol-induced bronchoconstriction. Betaxolol 0.5% was administered
      twice daily and patients were reexamined at three-month intervals for up to two
      years. In addition to measurement of intraocular pressure, pulmonary function
      tests were obtained before therapy (baseline), two or three weeks after
      initiating betaxolol therapy, and at yearly intervals. Before treatment with
      betaxolol, the mean ratio of forced expiratory volumes in one second (FEV1) to
      forced vital capacity (FVC) was 66.3% (n = 101). After two weeks of betaxolol
      treatment, mean FEV1/FVC ratio was 66.2% (n = 101). After one year of betaxolol
      therapy, mean FEV1/FVC ratio was 60.1% (n = 24), and after two years it was 54.4%
      (n = 5). Nine patients developed symptoms that may have been associated with
      betaxolol treatment and were withdrawn from the study. Five of these patients
      developed symptomatic pulmonary obstruction between one and 554 days after
      initiating betaxolol treatment. Topically administered betaxolol was well
      tolerated by most glaucoma patients with concomitant pulmonary disease.

PMID- 3400759
TI  - Oculab Tono-Pen, Goldmann applanation tonometry, and pneumatic tonometry for
      intraocular pressure assessment in gas-filled eyes.
AB  - We performed 84 intraocular pressure measurements with the Oculab Tono-Pen,
      Goldmann applanation tonometer, and pneumatic tonometer in 47 eyes that had
      undergone pars plana vitrectomy and gas-fluid exchange. Measurements made by
      using the Tono-Pen were accurate when compared to those made by Goldmann
      tonometry (mean difference, 0.74 mm Hg). In a subset of eyes with increased
      intraocular pressure (greater than or equal to 25 mm Hg), the Tono-Pen provided
      measurements similar to those made by Goldmann applanation tonometry (P greater
      than .60), with only three of 39 readings (8%) underestimating the Goldmann
      pressure by more than 3 mm Hg. Pneumatic tonometry significantly underestimated
      the intraocular pressure in eyes with increased pressure (P less than .001), with
      20 of 39 readings (51%) underestimating the Goldmann pressure by 5 mm Hg or more.

PMID- 3400761
TI  - Analysis of tear proteins in Graves' ophthalmopathy by high performance liquid
      chromatography.
AB  - Using high performance liquid chromatography, we analyzed tears from 50 patients
      with Graves' ophthalmopathy and 20 controls. With this technique, tear
      constituents are separated according to size; a normal tear protein profile
      consists of five peaks. An increase in one or more peaks was observed in 14
      patients (28%) and in none of the controls. No decreased values were observed. No
      relation was observed between abnormalities of tear composition and the clinical
      NO SPECS classification. There was a tendency for increased tear protein peaks in
      those patients with long-standing disease. Most patients with an increase in one
      or more tear protein levels had normal thyroid function after treatment for
      hyperthyroidism. Our findings suggested that the inflammatory process in the
      orbit occurring in Graves' ophthalmopathy also had an effect on the lacrimal
      gland, which was reflected in the composition of the tears.

PMID- 3400760
TI  - The value of indices in the central and peripheral visual fields for the
      detection of glaucoma.
AB  - We assessed 81 patients in four groups (normal, low- and high-risk ocular
      hypertension, and early glaucoma) with the standard Octopus G1 central visual
      field program in addition to two quantitative programs, PFN (peripheral field
      nasal) and PFT (peripheral field-temporal), designed for this study to test the
      nasal and temporal periphery, respectively. Indices were calculated for each
      program for each subject in all groups. We then examined the behavior of the
      indices across the separate visual field areas within each group as well as the
      behavior of the indices of each field area among the different groups. We found
      that quantitative testing of the peripheral nasal visual field provided valuable
      information in the detection of glaucomatous visual dysfunction additional to
      that provided by quantitative testing of the central visual field. Quantitative
      testing of the temporal periphery was less valuable.

PMID- 3400762
TI  - Optic atrophy in children.
AB  - We reviewed the records of 218 children in whom a diagnosis of optic atrophy had
      been made between 1978 and 1987. A cause for the atrophy was determined for 195
      patients (89%). Tumor, the most frequent cause, was found in 63 patients (29%).
      The most common tumor was a glioma of the anterior visual pathway; it was found
      in 27 patients (43% of tumors; 12% overall). The second most frequently
      encountered tumor, a craniopharyngioma, was found in 14 patients. Inflammation,
      the second most common cause of optic atrophy, occurred in 38 children (17%).
      Trauma caused optic atrophy in 24 patients (11%). No cause could be found for 23
      patients (11%). Thirteen patients were less than 1 year of age at the time of
      diagnosis. Three of these patients had tumors. One was a cerebral glioblastoma,
      and the other two were optic gliomas. The diagnosis of optic atrophy in infancy
      does not imply a benign cause.

PMID- 3400763
TI  - Progression of visual defects in ischemic optic neuropathy.
AB  - Six patients with nonarteritic ischemic optic neuropathy experienced worsening of
      visual acuity and field loss during the six-week period after onset (range, three
      to six weeks), without apparent ophthalmoscopic changes. Thereafter, visual
      function remained unchanged. Various medications were used, but none prevented
      deterioration of visual function. Although not a widely recognized phenomenon,
      progression of visual deficit occurred in these patients in the early weeks after
      onset of ischemic optic neuropathy.

PMID- 3400764
TI  - Nasolacrimal drainage system obstruction after orbital decompression.
AB  - We reviewed 123 cases of orbital decompression in 63 patients with dysthyroid
      ophthalmopathy. Of 90 cases of transantral ethmoidal orbital decompression, 14
      (16%) resulted in epiphora. The tearing began between 11 and 18 months after
      surgery. All patients had obstruction distal to the common internal punctum. The
      delayed onset suggested progressive cicatricial obstruction of the nasolacrimal
      drainage system. Damage to adjacent tissues probably caused scarring to extend
      into the system.

PMID- 3400765
TI  - Corneal edema related to accidental Hibiclens exposure.
AB  - Five patients developed corneal edema presumably caused by accidental
      preoperative ocular exposure to Hibiclens. In all cases, the patients complained
      of ocular pain after surgery. Conjunctival inflammation and corneal epithelial
      defects were found in all patients. Between two and ten weeks after exposure,
      stromal and epithelial edema, with a predilection for the inferior cornea
      initially, developed in all patients. The corneal edema resolved in three
      patients in approximately six months, leaving mild stromal scarring and reduced
      endothelial cell counts. The corneal edema in the other two patients progressed
      to diffuse bullous keratopathy, which eventually required penetrating
      keratoplasty. We recommend that Hibiclens be avoided in preoperative preparation
      of the facial skin to prevent accidental ocular exposure.

PMID- 3400767
TI  - The potential use of quinolones in future ocular antimicrobial therapy.

PMID- 3400766
TI  - Suramin keratopathy.
AB  - Vortex keratopathy occurred in six patients given high-dose intravenous suramin
      for adrenocortical carcinoma. The corneal findings were bilateral and symmetric.
      Two patients complained of foreign-body sensation. One patient developed
      opacities of the anterior lens epithelium. Histopathologic studies of the eyes in
      one patient showed intraepithelial apical deposits in the cornea, conjunctiva,
      and lens epithelia. By electron microscopy, these deposits were found to be
      membranous lamellar inclusion bodies. These findings, as demonstrated by osmium
      PAS staining and electron microscopy, were similar to those in other drug-induced
      lipid storage diseases.

PMID- 3400768
TI  - Neodymium:YAG laser for the treatment of encapsulated blebs after filtration
      surgery.

PMID- 3400769
TI  - Lacrimal anomalies in Brachmann-de Lange's syndrome.

PMID- 3400770
TI  - Ocular involvement in mycotic sinusitis caused by Bipolaris.

PMID- 3400771
TI  - A new mutation involving the sublingual gland in NFS/N mice. Partially arrested
      mucous cell differentiation.
AB  - A new mutation in mice affecting the mucous cell differentiation of the
      sublingual glands is described. The normal mouse sublingual glands are mucus
      secreting and virtually all the acinar cells differentiate to mucus-rich cells by
      the day of birth. In contrast, all endpieces of newborn mutant mice consisted of
      acini of immature cuboidal cells. However, normal mucous cells, staining
      intensively with mucin-specific stains such as Alcian blue at pH 2.5 or
      mucicarmine, appeared in the mutant mice from an early age singly or in groups in
      a small number of acini, and their number apparently increased with age to occupy
      over 30% of the total acinar cells. Ultrastructurally, irregular secretion
      granules of varying electron-density, distinct from ordinary sublingual mucin
      granules, were frequently observed in the cytoplasm of the immature acinar cells
      in the mutant phenotype. The genetic analysis showed that a single autosomal
      recessive gene determined the observed abnormality. This is the first salivary
      gland mutation and will provide a critical model for the study of salivary mucous
      cell differentiation.

PMID- 3400772
TI  - Irreversible injury of isolated adult rat myocytes. Osmotic fragility during
      metabolic inhibition.
AB  - Isolated myocytes can be established as a valid model for studying changes in
      cytoskeletal proteins during the development of irreversible injury only if
      isolated cells develop lesions similar to those that occur during irreversible
      injury to intact hearts, specifically osmotic fragility and subsarcolemmal blebs.
      In the first experiment, isolated cells were irreversibly injured by metabolic
      inhibition with 5 mM Iodoacetic acid (IAA) and 6 mM amobarbital (Amy). Osmotic
      fragility of control and injured cells was determined by comparing the rates of
      development of trypan blue permeability during 60 minutes of isotonic or
      hypotonic (50% reduction in osmolality) incubations. Cell morphology was
      monitored by light and electron microscopy. Control cells remained elongated and
      excluded trypan blue. Metabolically inhibited cells rapidly contracted to a
      nearly square shape. The inhibited squared cells initially excluded trypan blue,
      but during 60 minutes of incubation became permeable to trypan blue. Cells in
      hypotonic buffer developed blue staining at a more rapid rate than cells in
      isotonic buffer, indicating increased osmotic fragility. In a second experiment,
      control and inhibited cells were first incubated for 25 minutes in isotonic
      buffer and then in either isotonic or hypotonic buffer. In this experiment,
      inhibited cells also developed more extensive and rapid permeability increases
      when transferred to the hypotonic buffer than cells maintained in the isotonic
      buffer. In both experiments, increased permeability of cells to trypan blue was
      accompanied by formation of subsarcolemmal blebs along the lateral cell border
      and at the intercalated disks. The results show that metabolically inhibited,
      isolated myocytes do exhibit morphologic lesions and increased osmotic fragility
      properties similar to those reported during anoxic or ischemic injury to intact
      hearts. Therefore, isolated myocytes may be a useful model with which to study
      cytoskeletal-sarcolemmal membrane changes during development of irreversible
      injury.

PMID- 3400773
TI  - Type IV collagen lateral associations in the EHS tumor matrix. Comparison with
      amniotic and in vitro networks.
AB  - The macromolecular structural organization of the type IV collagen network in the
      extracellular matrix of the EHS tumor has been investigated using a stereoscopic
      freeze-dry Pt/C replication technique. This network, which can be specifically
      decorated with type IV collagen antibody, is formed in great part by the lateral
      joining of narrow filaments (2.7 nm average metal coated diameter) to form a
      complex three-dimensional irregular polygonal array of variable diameter
      branching strands. Globular domains, similar to the C-terminal globular domains
      of purified type IV dimers, can be identified in the network. In many regions of
      the network the filaments appear to twist around each other along the strand
      axis. The network is similar to that visualized in the human amnion as well as to
      a reconstituted network formed in vitro. These data strongly suggest that the
      laterally and end-domain-associated network is a widespread supramolecular
      architecture of type IV collagen in basement membranes.

PMID- 3400774
TI  - Autoimmune interstitial nephritis induced in inbred mice. Analysis of mouse
      tubular basement membrane antigen and genetic control of immune response to it.
AB  - Purified murine tubular basement membrane (TBM) antigen (molecular weight,
      32,000) induced interstitial lesions in Brown Norway (BN) rats. TBM antigen
      prepared from mice of 3 inbred strains--BALB/c, C3H/He, and C57BL/6--and outbred
      ddY mice possessed both antigenicity and nephritogenecity. Using these TBM
      antigens, the roles of humoral and cellular immunity in the development of
      interstitial nephritis (IN) and the genetic control of the induction of IN in
      inbred mice were investigated. BALB/c mice were highly susceptible to IN and
      showed a high antibody response and a high lymphocyte proliferative response to
      syngeneic and allogeneic TBM antigen, whereas C57BL/6 mice did not. C3H/He mice,
      in which minimal interstitial lesions developed, showed a high antibody response
      but a low proliferative response of T cells to TBM antigen. TBM antigen
      sensitized T cells induced interstitial lesions, but anti-TBM antisera did not do
      so. Thus, the development of IN seemed to be related closely to cellular
      immunity. Further studies with their hybrids, backcrosses, congenic mice, and
      recombinant mice suggested that the induction of IN and the immune response to
      TBM antigen are controlled by 1 or a few dominant genes, whose loci are within,
      or closely linked to, the H-2 complex.

PMID- 3400775
TI  - The coronary arteries in cases of cardiac and noncardiac sudden death.
AB  - Thirty-four cardiac and 22 sudden noncardiac deaths in men were examined with an
      injection, radiographic, and dissection autopsy technique to obtain as many
      coronary narrowings as possible for study. The narrowest sites in each of the
      major coronary vessels (LAD, LCX, and RCA) from each subject were identified
      histologically for analysis. The parameters studied were size of lumen, estimated
      as percentage of vessel cross-section, vs. the age of subject and the grades of
      chronic inflammatory cell infiltrate, of neovascularization, of intimal
      haemorrhage, and of pultaceous cholesterol-rich deposit in the wall. Genstat
      statistical analysis revealed that the significant explanatory variables for the
      reduction in arterial lumen were active inflammation and cardiac cause of death.
      Neither age nor cholesterol-rich deposits had significant explanatory power. A
      pathogenic role for inflammation may well be possible and efforts will be made in
      the future to investigate its etiology.

PMID- 3400776
TI  - Ozone-induced lamellar body responses in a rat model for alveolar injury and
      repair.
AB  - Exposure of adult rats to 3 ppm ozone for 8 hours results in diffuse alveolar
      damage with well-defined sequential stages of bronchiolo-alveolar injury and
      repair. This model is characterized by acute pulmonary edema showing high
      concentration of lavage fluid protein that is maximally elevated at 24 hours with
      return to control level at recovery (96 hours). Using techniques that enable
      optimal preservation of lamellar body ultrastructure, it was demonstrated
      morphometrically that expansion of the vacuolated lamellar body (LB) compartment
      is an early, transient LB response of the type II cell to acute injury. This
      change appears to be initiated by increased LB secretion. The reparative stage,
      24-48 hours postexposure, begins with hypertrophy rather than hyperplasia of many
      type II cells, resulting in a 3-fold increase of mean type II cell volume at 48
      hours. During this stage there is also significant expansion of the total LB
      compartment with corresponding increased LB storage of surfactant disaturated
      phosphatidylcholine (DSPC) per type II cell. At recovery, 96 hours, the lungs
      contained twice the normal numbers of type II cells, but the total size of
      lamellar body compartment per type II cell as well as the DSPC content of the
      isolated lamellar body pool returned to normal levels. In contrast, accumulating
      surfactant DSPC in lavage fluid increased progressively throughout the reparative
      and recovery stages presumably due in part to parallel increase in type II cell
      numbers at 48 and 96 hours. Additional changes of surfactant included abnormal
      secretion of densely coiled lamellar bodies that accumulated in alveolar spaces
      at the expense of tubular myelin. These observations indicate that acute oxidant
      injury to alveoli initiates progressive hypertrophy followed by hyperplasia of
      type II cells, in association with sequential development of characteristic
      lamellar body changes leading to increased storage and secretion of surfactant
      with reduced ability to form tubular myelin.

PMID- 3400777
TI  - Osteonectin/SPARC/BM-40 in human decidua and carcinoma, tissues characterized by
      de novo formation of basement membrane.
AB  - The identification and cDNA cloning of bone-enriched osteonectin and parietal
      endoderm-enriched SPARC indicated that these proteins share greater than 90%
      homology. The present study reports substantial expression of this Mr 43,000
      protein in human decidua and carcinoma. Metabolic labeling of human decidua
      tissue in organ culture demonstrated significant osteonectin biosynthesis.
      Further, Northern analysis and in situ hybridization showed that the osteonectin
      mRNA level in human decidua is very high. Immunohistochemically, the large mature
      decidual cells exhibited faint cytoplasmic immunoreactivity with antibodies to
      osteonectin and a distinct immunoreactivity of the newly deposited basement
      membranes encircling these cells. The intermediate-sized decidual cells exhibited
      a strong cytoplasmic immunostaining with antibodies to osteonectin. The small
      elongated stromal cells were devoid of osteonectin immunoreactivity. Blood
      vessels exhibited variable positive immunoreactivity. The osteonectin expression
      in 38 cases of human carcinomas was examined. In well-differentiated carcinomas
      osteonectin immunoreactivity was located in the basement membrane area,
      codistributing with laminin. Cytoplasmic osteonectin immunoreactivity was found
      in poorly differentiated carcinomas. Stromal cells in the peritumoral tissue and
      some vessels were immunoreactive. Using in situ hybridization, it appeared that
      both the tumor cells and the stromal cells contained osteonectin transcripts. In
      normal steady state human nonosseus tissues investigated, osteonectin was found
      inconsistently in the basement membranes only, as based on the present
      immunohistochemical technique. These results suggest that the osteonectin/SPARC
      gene appears activated in certain human tissues characterized by de novo
      formation of basement membrane.

PMID- 3400779
TI  - Antibody-mediated modulation of arthritis induced by Chlamydia.
AB  - The purpose of this investigation was to determine the role of the humoral immune
      response in the production of arthritis in mice immunized with the chlamydial
      agent of mouse pneumonitis (MoPn) (Chlamydia trachomatis biovar). Mice were made
      B cell deficient (BCD) by treatment with rabbit antiserum to murine IgM. Control
      mice included animals treated similarly with normal rabbit serum or phosphate
      buffered saline. Male mice were immunized with MoPn inactivated with ultraviolet
      irradiation while female mice were immunized by genital tract infection with
      viable chlamydiae. Arthritis was elicited in all mice by intra-articular
      inoculation of inactivated MoPn. When knee joints were examined for pathologic
      changes at varying times after challenge, a marked enhancement of the arthritis
      was observed in both male and female BCD mice when compared with controls at all
      time points. These data indicated that the humoral immune response is not
      essential for the production of arthritic disease in this model but may have some
      role in the modulation of the process in immunologically intact animals.
      Persistence of chlamydial antigen in joint tissue of BCD mice suggested that
      antibody may play a role in the elimination of antigen, thus decreasing the
      stimulus for the development of cell-mediated immunologic injury. Regulatory role
      for T suppressor cells cannot be ruled out however, because B cell deficient mice
      have been shown to lack certain T suppressor cell subsets.

PMID- 3400778
TI  - Differentiation of ICM cells into trophectoderm.
AB  - It has been established previously that when inserted in the blastocyst E Ca 247
      preferentially differentiates into trophectoderm in vitro. If the concept that
      tumors are caricatures of the process of tissue renewal is correct, then some
      cells from the inner cell mass (ICM), the normal counterpart of embryonal
      carcinoma, should be able to differentiate into trophectoderm. This has been a
      controversial issue. Four experiments are now reported that support the idea that
      ICM can differentiate into trophectoderm: 1) ICM from early blastocysts after
      classical immunosurgery made blastocysts in vitro; 2) ICM obtained from early
      blastocysts by immunosurgery using antigens other than histocompatibility ones
      made blastocysts in vitro; 3) ICM from early blastocysts, in which the
      trophectodermal cells had been labeled, contained no labeled cells following
      immunosurgery; and 4) In reconstruction experiments, polar and mural
      trophectodermal cells attached to ICM from late blastocysts failed to multiply
      and make blastocysts when cultured. It is concluded that like the embryonal
      carcinoma some ICM cells of early blastocysts have the potential to make
      trophectoderm. This fact is consistent with the concept that tumors are
      caricatures of the process of tissue renewal; and establishes E Ca 247 as a good
      model for study of trophectodermal differentiation.

PMID- 3400782
TI  - The National Academies of Practice: a new dimension in American Health Care.

PMID- 3400780
TI  - Dietary fish oil enhances monocyte adhesion and fatty streak formation in the
      hypercholesterolemic rat.
AB  - Using the rat model of atherosclerosis, the influence of dietary fish oil on
      early stages of atherosclerotic lesion formation was studied.
      Normocholesterolemic rats (serum cholesterol less than 100 mg/dl), moderately
      hypercholesterolemic rats fed cholesterol and cholic acid (serum cholesterol less
      than 400 mg/dl), and severely hypercholesterolemic rats fed cholesterol, cholic
      acid, and 2-thiouracil (serum cholesterol greater than 900 mg/dl) had their diets
      supplemented with 5% (w/w) "MaxEPA" fish oil for a period of 2 weeks. In each
      diet group safflower oil was used as a control for fish oil. Monocyte adhesion to
      the thoracic aorta and intimal foam cell formation were used to measure the
      extent of atherosclerotic lesion formation in each rat. Cholesterol and
      triglyceride levels were measured in both plasma and lipoprotein fractions. In
      normocholesterolemic rats, fish oil did not influence the morphology of the
      vessel wall. In moderately hypercholesterolemic rats, monocyte adhesion was the
      same irrespective of dietary oil, however, intimal foam cell formation was 2-fold
      higher in the fish oil-fed animals despite a reduction in serum cholesterol
      levels when compared to the safflower oil-fed animals. In severely
      hypercholesterolemic rats, monocyte adhesion to the vessel wall and intimal foam
      cell formation were both 4-fold higher in the fish oil compared with the
      safflower oil fed animals. These observations could not be attributed to
      differences in the plasma or lipoprotein profiles of safflower oil vs. fish oil
      fed rats. The results of this study suggest that dietary fish oil, when fed to
      hypercholesterolemic rats for a period of 2 weeks, enhances the rate of monocyte
      adhesion and fatty streak formation in the thoracic aorta.

PMID- 3400781
TI  - Morphology of chronic collagen resorption. A study on the late stages of
      schistosomal granuloma involution.
AB  - Hepatic periovular schistosomal granulomas produced in mice with 50 cercariae per
      10 weeks of infection were seen to involute following curative treatment of
      schistosomiasis. Residual scars remained, however, and the collagen tissue in
      them presented morphologic evidence of a slow, progressive degradation that lead
      to the almost complete disappearance of the lesions 4.5 months after
      chemotherapy. Ultrastructural changes indicative of collagen degradation were
      represented by focal lytic dissolution of collagen fibrils and/or by the
      transformation of such fibrils into a granular electron dense material, a picture
      different from that seen in more acute models of collagen resorption. In older,
      involuting granulomas, both type I and III collagens were found up to the end of
      the resorption process. The immunofluorescence staining for procollagen III and
      fibronectin correlated with collagen synthesis and the amount of both decreased
      as the granulomas involuted. Antibodies to CB-peptide (a2 CB3,5 from type I
      collagen) appeared as a good marker of acute collagen degradation only. Laminin
      and collagen type IV were absent from the granulomas. Periportal fibrosis
      produced in mice with 30 cercariae per 20 weeks of infection also presented
      progressive degradation of collagen 2 and 3 months following curative treatment
      of schistosomiasis. Present findings suggest that there is not an irreversible
      fibrotic stage in murine schistosomiasis, that chronic collagen resorption
      presents peculiar ultrastructural features, that the genetic collagen types are
      not differentially removed, and that periportal fibrosis in schistosomiasis
      undergo degradation in a way after specific treatment similar to periovular
      granulomas.

PMID- 3400783
TI  - The postunification treatment of multiple personality disorder: first findings.
AB  - The treatment issues encountered in the unified multiple personality disorder
      (MPD) patient have received little attention in the literature to date. This
      study reviews the therapy records of 91 such patients and identifies seven
      recurrent areas of concern: (1) coping with the psychophysiologic changes
      associated with unification, (2) coping with the psychologic changes associated
      with unification, (3) working through, (4) abandoning autohypnotic evasions, (5)
      modifying adaptive and coping mechanisms, (6) interpersonal adjustments, (7) and
      major life changes. Some therapeutic approaches are indicated.

PMID- 3400784
TI  - Money's "lovemap" account of the paraphilias: a critique and reformulation.
AB  - In this paper, (a) Money's recent "Lovemap" account of the intelligibility of
      paraphilic sexual rituals is outlined; (b) his contention that such acts may be
      viewed as "triumphs" of a certain sort is criticized as incomplete; and (c) an
      alternate formulation of paraphilic acts as insistent, preemptively motivated,
      but ultimately unsuccessful attempts at recovery from sexual degradation is
      proffered.

PMID- 3400785
TI  - Group therapy in manic-depressive illness.
AB  - Noting the recent growth of self-help groups for manic-depressive illness and
      considering the scarcity of empirical studies on the effectiveness of group
      therapy in the treatment of this illness, this review examines the three
      available reports on groups and adds a fourth report on the authors' experience
      with a group over four-and-a-half years. The evidence argues in favor of combined
      lithium and group therapy. Some research questions and strategies for
      investigation follow.

PMID- 3400786
TI  - Integrating individual and family therapy in the treatment of symptomatic
      children and adolescents.
AB  - A comprehensive approach integrating individual and family therapy in the
      treatment of symptomatic children and adolescents is described. Clinical examples
      are given to illustrate the method.

PMID- 3400787
TI  - Violence as a disintegration product of the self in posttraumatic stress
      disorder.
AB  - Preoccupation with violent fantasies or behavior is often seen in Vietnam combat
      veterans suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder. Violence in these patients
      can be understood within the framework of self-psychology as a disintegration
      product which provides emergency structure for the fragmenting self. A case
      report illustrates this point.

PMID- 3400788
TI  - The court as a catalyst in the treatment process.
AB  - The role of the Court in the treatment process varies. In some cases it can work
      as a catalyst. We present the treatment of a family with a mother whose involving
      psychosis kept her daughter from attending school, and show how the power of the
      Court can be useful.

PMID- 3400789
TI  - Euripides' Medea: a psychodynamic model of severe divorce pathology.
AB  - Analysis of Euripides' play, Medea, and a divorcing family suggests that divorce
      between a narcissistically scarred, embittered, dependent woman and a
      pathologically narcissistic, devaluing man may lead to the mother's attempt to
      sever father-child contact as a means of revenging the injury inflicted on her by
      the loss of a selfobject, her hero-husband.

PMID- 3400790
TI  - Atypical fibroxanthoma. A study of 14 cases emphasizing the presence of
      Langerhans' histiocytes with implications for differential diagnosis by antibody
      panels.
AB  - Fourteen consecutive cases of atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX) seen during a 4-year
      period were studied histologically; of these, 12 were further examined for the
      presence of immunocytochemically detectable cytokeratin (CK), vimentin (VIM), S
      100 protein, melanocyte-associated antigen (MAA), muscle-specific actin (MSA),
      alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1AT), alpha-1-antichymotrypsin (A1ACT), and ferritin (FER).
      In four cases, electron microscopy was also performed. Tumor cells were
      nonreactive with antibodies directed against CK and MAA, strongly reactive with
      anti-VIM, and variably reactive with A1AT, A1ACT, MSA, and FER. Our findings are
      consistent with the current notion that these tumors are "fibrohistiocytic".
      However, in 11 of 12 cases studied, a subpopulation of cells with features of
      Langerhans' histiocytes (LH) was also identified. These were dendritic cells
      within the substance of the tumor that were strongly reactive with S-100 antibody
      and uniformally nonreactive with MAA antibody; ultrastructurally, they were seen
      to contain typical Birbeck granules. LH characteristically comprised no more than
      5% of the overall cell population of the tumor; however, in restricted portions
      of some lesions, they sometimes accounted for up to 80% of tumor cells. The
      occurrence of LH in AFX, although previously reported, has not generally been
      emphasized. Awareness of their presence as an expected and sometimes extensive
      component of AFX can be important when interpreting differential
      immunocytochemical panels applied to malignant spindle cell tumors of skin.

PMID- 3400791
TI  - Composite glandular-carcinoid tumors of the colon and rectum. Report of two
      cases.
AB  - Composite glandular-carcinoid tumors of the large bowel are rare. We describe two
      cases that appeared to be at a relatively early stage in their development. Each
      of these cases was a composite colorectal adenoma-carcinoid--an entity that has
      not previously been described. There was no evidence of inflammatory bowel
      disease (IBD) in either of these cases; and a review of the literature on
      composite adenocarcinoma-carcinoid neoplasms of the colon and rectum revealed
      only two cases that arose in a background of IBD. Thus, despite the association
      of IBD, especially long-standing ulcerative colitis, with epithelial dysplasia
      and mucosal endocrine cell hyperplasia, respectively, we believe that other
      factors more significant than IBD may be operative in the genesis of composite
      glandular-carcinoid tumors of the large bowel. Further documentation of these
      tumors is needed in order to better appreciate their clinicopathologic
      manifestations and associations.

PMID- 3400792
TI  - A primary immunoblastic T malignant lymphoma of the small bowel, with azurophilic
      intracytoplasmic granules. A histologic, immunologic, and electron microscopy
      study.
AB  - We report an aggressive primary T-immunoblastic lymphoma of the small intestine
      without blood involvement or associated celiac disease. Grossly, the tumor was
      composed of multiple disseminated ulcerated, infiltrating, or protuberant nodular
      lesions. Immunologic investigation showed that lymphoma cells were of peripheral
      (post-thymic) T-cell origin and expressed the phenotype associated with cytotoxic
      suppressor subset (Leu4/CD3+, Leu9/CD7+, Leu2/CD8+, Leu11/CD16+, Leu 7/NKcells+,
      FcIgG+, HLA-DR+, anti-Tac/CD25+, Ki-1/CD30-, Leu1/CD5-, Leu5/CD2-, Leu3/CD4-). A
      particular morphologic feature of this case is the presence of numerous
      azurophilic granules within the lymphoma cells, identified as lysosomes by
      cytochemical and ultrastructural studies. In view of recent immunologic evidence
      that normal cytotoxic/suppressor T-cells selectively reside within the epithelium
      of the normal bowel and some of them contain azurophilic granules, it could be
      suggested that our patient's lymphoma represents a malignant counterpart of these
      lymphocytes. Furthermore, the aggressive character of this T malignant lymphoma
      (T-ML) could be related to the expression of T-cell activation markers HLA-DR and
      Tac/CD25 and the proliferation-associated antigen Ki-67 on a high proportion of
      tumor cells.

PMID- 3400793
TI  - Giant cell fibroblastoma.

PMID- 3400794
TI  - The muscularis of the mucosa.

PMID- 3400795
TI  - Metaplastic synovial cyst.

PMID- 3400796
TI  - Milkborne gastroenteritis due to Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B from a goat
      with mastitis.
AB  - Three children developed Staphylococcus aureus food poisoning due to enterotoxin
      type B following ingestion of milk from a goat with overt mastitis.

PMID- 3400797
TI  - Incompetence of deer as reservoirs of the Lyme disease spirochete.
AB  - To determine whether deer may serve as reservoir hosts for the Lyme disease
      spirochete, we sought evidence of infection in nymphal Ixodes dammini derived
      from larvae that had engorged on white-tailed deer. A total of 19 deer were shot
      in two Lyme disease foci in Massachusetts during September 1986, the season in
      which larvae were most abundant. An average of 342 larval ticks of this species
      were collected from each deer. Of those that developed to the nymphal stage, the
      gut contents of 185 were examined for Borrelia burgdorferi by a direct
      fluorescent antibody test. Spirochetes were detected in about 1% of these nymphs,
      a rate of infection attributable to transovarial transmission. In contrast,
      infection was detected in 23% of 39 field-swept nymphal ticks of the same cohort
      that were collected during the following season. Although deer may be infested by
      numerous larval I. dammini, such ticks appear not to become infected by Lyme
      disease spirochetes.

PMID- 3400798
TI  - Dengue infections in the Philippines: clinical and virological findings in 517
      hospitalized patients.
AB  - From May 1983 to January 1984, 517 patients with laboratory confirmed dengue were
      studied at a hospital in Manila. Secondary dengue infections were diagnosed in
      78% of these cases. Peak admission (28%) occurred towards the end of the rainy
      season in November. Most patients (78%) were less than 15 years old but only 3
      were infants. Although some type of hemorrhagic finding occurred in 460 cases
      (89%), only 110 were classified as dengue hemorrhagic fever and the remainder as
      dengue fever with hemorrhagic manifestations. The clinical course was usually
      mild. Gastrointestinal bleeding was present in 65 cases, but only 2 patients
      developed shock. No fatalities occurred. Dengue 2 was the predominant serotype
      with 53 isolates, followed by dengue 1 with 48 isolates, dengue 3 with 39
      isolates, and dengue 4 with only 8 isolates. Dengue 2 was the only serotype with
      more isolates from sera with a homologous HI antibody titer greater than 1:20
      (57%) than from sera with a homologous HI titer less than or equal to 1:20 (43%).
      In contrast, most of the dengue 1 isolates (63%) were from sera with a homologous
      HI antibody titer less than 1:10, and this serotype was strongly associated with
      primary infections. This study shows that dengue infections remain an important
      cause of pediatric hospitalization in the Philippines; however, the occurrence of
      life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever as has been described in several other
      large urban areas of Southeast Asia appears to be rare.

PMID- 3400799
TI  - Survival of albumin, IgG, IgM, and complement (C3) in human blood after ingestion
      by Aedes albopictus and Phlebotomus papatasi.
AB  - The levels of albumin, IgG, IgM, and complement (C3) were determined by enzyme
      linked immunosorbent assay in Aedes albopictus and Phlebotomus papatasi at
      regular intervals after feeding on human blood. Albumin disappeared most rapidly;
      by 48 hr, detectable levels of albumin had decreased 100-fold. In contrast, IgG
      and IgM survived longer and were still detectable at low levels several days
      after ingestion. C3 was intermediate in its rate of degradation. In general,
      serum protein disappearance occurred more rapidly in Ae. albopictus than in Ph.
      papatasi, despite a larger volume of blood ingested by the former.

PMID- 3400800
TI  - Description of the ultrastructure of the Schistosoma mansoni egg.

PMID- 3400801
TI  - The ultrastructure of the Schistosoma mansoni egg.
AB  - Helminth eggs have resisted analysis by electron microscopy because fixatives,
      dehydrating agents, and embedding media penetrate these eggs poorly. Slam
      freezing at liquid nitrogen temperature followed by freeze-substitution and
      Spurr's medium embedment provides preservation of the internal structure of the
      Schistosoma mansoni egg shell, developing miracidium, and perimiracidial
      structures. The egg shell consists of the three previously described layers
      (outer microspinous, middle intermediately dense, and inner dense layers) with
      cribriform pores. A newly described layer (Reynolds' layer) develops subjacent
      the egg shell and is comprised of densely-packed branching filaments. A single
      layer of squamous cells (von Lichtenberg's envelope) closely adheres to Reynolds'
      layer. Between von Lichtenberg's envelope and the embryo is a space (Lehman's
      lacuna); this space is initially filled with electron-lucent fluid, but
      subsequently masses of granulofloccular material (Cheever bodies) develop;
      Cheever bodies are partially membrane bound. Epidermal plates differentiate from
      superficial cells of the embryonal cell mass, while epidermal ridges
      differentiate from cells just below the surface of the embryonal cell mass. The
      cytoplasmic layer (von Lichtenberg's envelope) interposed between the host
      extracellular fluid and the developing miracidia effect a barrier against a
      simple passive diffusion; this infers that complex macromolecules, such as
      schistosomal egg antigen, undergo active, and perhaps selective, transport in or
      out of the egg.

PMID- 3400803
TI  - Filariasis in Gabon: human infections with Microfilaria rodhaini.
AB  - In examining skin snips from 1,830 Gabonese 32 were found to have microfilariae
      indistinguishable from Microfilaria rodhaini. The microfilaria is 300.2 microns
      long and 2.2 microns wide. Specific clinical signs were not identified, as the
      same person often was infected by other filaria.

PMID- 3400802
TI  - Ivermectin prophylaxis against experimental Onchocerca volvulus infection in
      chimpanzees.
AB  - Ivermectin was tested for possible prophylactic action against the third and
      fourth larval stages (L3 and L4) of Onchocerca volvulus inoculated into
      chimpanzees. The infective larvae (L3) were obtained from laboratory-raised black
      flies. Eighteen chimpanzees were inoculated, each with approximately 250 L3. Six
      were treated with ivermectin (200 micrograms/kg) on the day of inoculation, 6
      were treated with ivermectin on day 28, and 6 were not treated. Monthly skin
      snips were taken for the next 30 months to detect patent infection. One of the
      chimpanzees treated with ivermectin on the day of infection developed a patent
      infection as did 4 of the 6 treated at day 28 and 4 of the 6 control animals. The
      results suggest that ivermectin may have a partial in vivo effect against the L3
      of O. volvulus but has no effect against later larval stages of the parasite.

PMID- 3400804
TI  - Application of biotin-avidin system, determination of circulating immune
      complexes, and evaluation of antibody response in different hydatidosis patients.
AB  - The avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ABC
      ELISA) and standard ELISA were used for the detection of Echinococcus granulosus
      antibody in sera of 101 patients operated on for hydatid disease, 40 patients
      with miscellaneous nonhydatid diseases, and 61 normal subjects. Sensitivity and
      specificity of the two procedures were comparable and the geometric mean antibody
      titer detected with ABC-ELISA was higher than with standard ELISA. The ABC-ELISA
      is a sensitive, specific, simple, and convenient method for diagnosing
      hydatidosis.

PMID- 3400805
TI  - Cardiac risk index as a predictor of long-term survival after repair of abdominal
      aortic aneurysm.
AB  - Life expectancy after aneurysm surgery was analyzed for male patients over the
      age of 60 years with known risk factors classified by the Goldman cardiac risk
      index, which has previously been utilized for prediction of immediate
      perioperative risks of surgery and anesthesia. The preoperative risk factors,
      Goldman cardiac risk index, and long-term survival rates were tabulated for each
      of 96 male patients over the age of 60 years who had elective repair of
      infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm. Follow-up data of up to 14 years (mean 4.2
      years) was entered into a SurvPak-PC biostatistical software program for
      construction of Kaplan-Meier survival curves and actuarial life tables to measure
      differences in survival between groups and for performance of nonparametric
      analysis (by log rank test) of the influence of preoperative risk factors. The
      operative mortality rate was 3.1 percent and the 5 year survival rate for the
      whole group was 61 percent, with a median survival of 8.7 years. Five year
      survival rates for patients in three age groups (60 to 70 years, 71 to 80 years,
      and greater than 80 years), when compared with age-matched populations, were 67
      percent versus 88 percent, 50 percent versus 73 percent, and 35 percent versus 39
      percent, respectively. Patients in Goldman class 1, 2, and 3 or 4 had 5 year
      survival rates of 79 percent, 53 percent, and 41 percent, respectively. Factors
      that adversely affected long-term survival were Goldman classes 3 or 4 (median
      survival 2.1 +/- 0.4 years, p = 0.001), cerebrovascular disease (median survival
      1.9 +/- 0.6 years, p = 0.004), history of cardiac disease (median survival 3.2 +/
      0.6 years, p = 0.012), and creatinine concentration greater than 3 mg/100 ml
      (median survival 3.1 +/- 1.6 years, p = 0.034), whereas Goldman class 2 or the
      presence of hypertension, pulmonary disease, diabetes mellitus, peripheral
      vascular disease, and size of the aneurysm, although associated with a shortened
      length of survival, as independent variables did not reach statistical
      significance. A combination of any three of these risk factors, however,
      shortened the survival time markedly (median 1.9 +/- 0.7 years, p = 0.003). We
      believe that the Goldman cardiac risk index classification correlates with long
      term survival in patients undergoing elective aortic surgery.

PMID- 3400806
TI  - Selective use of retroperitoneal aortic exposure in the emergency treatment of
      ruptured and symptomatic abdominal aortic aneurysms.
AB  - Emergency surgery is the only effective treatment of ruptured abdominal aortic
      aneurysms, even though morbidity and mortality rates remain high. We have studied
      the feasibility of left retroperitoneal aortic exposure in these cases in an
      effort to reduce postoperative complications. Over a 33 month period, 29 patients
      underwent emergency surgery for either a ruptured or symptomatic infrarenal
      abdominal aortic aneurysm. Of 13 patients with ruptured aneurysms, 4 underwent
      repair through a midline transperitoneal approach (3 deaths) whereas the
      remaining 9 were repaired through the retroperitoneal exposure (1 death).
      Supraceliac aortic clamping through the same incision prior to aneurysm exposure
      maintained hemodynamic integrity. The remaining 16 patients with symptomatic
      aneurysms were all treated through the retroperitoneal exposure (3 deaths). In
      the retroperitoneal groups, the cause of death was cardiac in two patients,
      hypertensive stroke in one, and necrotizing pancreatitis in one. Morbidity
      consisted of prolonged intubation, respiratory distress syndrome, and
      thrombophlebitis in one patient each and acute tubular necrosis in two patients.
      We believe that the left retroperitoneal approach is a useful option in the
      emergent treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms.

PMID- 3400807
TI  - Experimental prosthetic vein valve.
AB  - The incidence of venous insufficiency is increasing, approximately 800,000 new
      cases are reported yearly in the United States. Medical treatment of venous
      insufficiency syndrome has been associated with a high incidence of failure.
      Although vein valve transplantation has resulted in improvement in the majority
      of cases, late degeneration and incompetency of the valve prompted us to devise a
      prosthetic vein valve for experimental use. Ten dogs underwent insertion of a
      prosthetic vein valve without anticoagulants. Between 3 and 8 months after
      insertion, ascending and descending venography revealed patency and competency of
      these valves.

PMID- 3400808
TI  - Neurovascular injuries of the thoracic outlet and axilla.
AB  - In this retrospective series of 46 patients with neurovascular injury of the
      thoracic outlet or axilla, our management strategy emphasized prompt recognition
      of trauma that may be superficially innocuous. Whenever possible, the precise
      site of vascular injury was identified arteriographically to help plan an
      incision that would provide proximal vascular control as well as expedient injury
      exposure. Vascular reconstruction was accomplished with either end-to-end primary
      anastomosis (n = 17) or autogenous saphenous vein graft interposition (n = 26).
      No case of ischemic limb loss occurred, although two repairs failed. Primary
      neural repair (n = 4) was possible only with simple laceration, but decompression
      of a tense hematoma led to prompt resolution of neuropraxia in nine patients.
      Secondary neural reconstruction was largely unsuccessful, and approximately 25
      percent of our patients had serious chronic disability related to neural injury.
      In addition, two patients died as a consequence of numerous associated injuries.

PMID- 3400809
TI  - Tube graft replacement of abdominal aortic aneurysm.
AB  - In the 16 year period ending December 1985, 332 patients underwent elective
      abdominal aortic aneurysm replacement. One hundred fifty-four (46 percent) of
      these patients had tube graft replacement of the aneurysm. Patients were selected
      for tube graft on the basis of physical, angiographic, and intraoperative
      examinations. There were 123 mean and 31 women, with a mean age of 68 years.
      Complete follow-up ranging from 1 to 168 months (mean 53 months) was obtained in
      137 of the surviving patients (87 percent). Two patients required revision to a
      bifurcated graft; one for iliac stenosis and one for iliac thrombosis. No iliac
      aneurysms were seen and no other aortoiliac complications were evident. Five
      other patients required femoro-distal reconstruction for either occlusive disease
      (three patients) or aneurysmal disease (two patients) at the groin or below. Life
      table analysis showed a 5 year survival rate of 65 percent and a 7 year rate of
      54 percent. Conclusions drawn from this study reconfirm that in carefully
      selected patients, tube graft replacement of abdominal aortic aneurysm is an
      enduring procedure with few complications developing due to progression of iliac
      occlusive or aneurysmal disease.

PMID- 3400810
TI  - The demise of primary profundaplasty.
AB  - Although the importance of the profunda femoris artery in maintenance of lower
      extremity integrity was recognized in the earliest days of modern vascular
      surgery, disappointment with the performance of primary profundaplasty has
      emerged fully only in recent years. During the 10 year period from 1977 to 1987,
      only 17 patients were subjected to this procedure at Northwestern Memorial
      Hospital. The nine men and eight women averaged 65.6 years in age and exhibited
      the usual precursors of arterial insufficiency: a history of smoking in 12
      patients (71 percent), clinical coronary artery disease in 8 patients (47
      percent), hypertension in 7 patients, diabetes mellitus in 6 patients,
      hyperlipidemia in 2 patients, and uremia in 1 patient. Four patients exhibited
      hemodynamic improvement after profundaplasty (ankle-brachial index increase of
      greater than 0.15). Four required amputation postoperatively, and a fifth
      exhibited hemodynamic failure 9 months postoperatively and required amputation.
      Two patients required subsequent femoral-to-peroneal bypass to improve distal
      arterial perfusion. One patient died after the procedure, for a 5.9 percent
      mortality rate. Thus, the fact that profundaplasty has proved disappointing in
      the treatment of severe arterial insufficiency deserves emphasis at this time.

PMID- 3400811
TI  - Analysis of urokinase immobilization on the polytetrafluoroethylene vascular
      prosthesis.
AB  - The polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) vascular prosthesis is thrombogenic and
      therefore not an ideal artificial blood vessel. The immobilization of urokinase
      on the surface of this substance has the potential to render the PTFE
      thrombolytic. Urokinase was immobilized to PTFE using tridodecylmethyl-ammonium
      chloride as a surfactant. In this preliminary study, a success rate of 45 percent
      was observed for the immobilization of active urokinase to PTFE. A model is
      proposed wherein application of the graft to an in vivo system is discussed. The
      urokinase graft is expected to be most effective under conditions of reduced
      blood flow which otherwise might promote thrombogenesis. The systemic side
      effects of the immobilized urokinase are expected to be significantly less when
      compared with the side effects of urokinase infused for clot lysis. The model
      presented of the urokinase-bound graft suggests that development and further
      study of the graft will result in an improved PTFE vascular prosthesis.

PMID- 3400812
TI  - Durability of the tibial artery bypass in diabetic patients.
AB  - Infrapopliteal bypass in diabetic patients has been associated with lower rates
      of patency and limb salvage than in nondiabetic patients. We prospectively
      compared the patency and limb salvage rates of in situ tibial artery bypass in
      diabetic and nondiabetic patients. Of 681 in situ bypasses performed for limb
      salvage over a 7 year period, 387 (57 percent) were carried out in diabetic
      patients and 294 (43 percent), in nondiabetic patients. Indications for operation
      most commonly included gangrene or ulceration (74 percent of the diabetic group
      and 49 percent of the nondiabetic group). Otherwise, the two patient groups were
      similar. Cumulative patency rates at 1 and 5 years were similar (91 and 74
      percent for diabetic patients and 90 and 76 percent for nondiabetic patients,
      respectively). Limb salvage rates were also not significantly different (96 and
      86 percent at 1 and 5 years, respectively, for diabetic patients and 99 and 94
      percent, respectively for nondiabetic patients). Despite the unfavorable pattern
      of atherosclerosis in diabetic patients, the results of tibial arterial
      reconstructions showed patency and limb salvage rates similar to those seen in
      nondiabetic patients.

PMID- 3400813
TI  - Popliteal artery injury complicating arthroscopic menisectomy.
AB  - Inadvertent popliteal artery injury during arthroscopic menisectomy is an unusual
      occurrence. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential to achieve a good
      outcome, as illustrated in two of the five patients described herein. Pitfalls in
      diagnosis led to late recognition and therapy in three patients, with subsequent
      serious complications; namely, arteriovenous fistula, false aneurysm, and
      amputation. On the basis of this limited but poignant experience, we propose an
      outline of steps in management to help others avoid similar problems. If
      popliteal injury is suspected, we advise exploration immediately to avoid a
      potential limb-loss crisis. Heparin should be given as soon as diagnosis is made.
      A posterior incision in the knee crease, rather than the conventional medial
      approach, gives expedient exposure for precise repair. We also advise passing a
      no. 3 thrombectomy catheter distally to rule out or retrieve any clot that may
      have embolized. A completion angiogram is also helpful. Compartment pressure may
      be measured, but if any doubt exists, a three-compartment fasciotomy should be
      performed.

PMID- 3400814
TI  - Midgraft curettage as a routine adjunct to salvage operations for thrombosed
      polytetrafluoroethylene hemodialysis access grafts.
AB  - We believe that midgraft stenosis due to intimal hyperplasia of the needle
      puncture zone is a clinically important cause of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)
      dialysis graft thrombosis. Our simple dialysis graft salvage technique employs
      conventional exploration through a venous end graftotomy, thrombectomy with a
      Fogarty catheter, and venous end revision as needed. Midgraft curettage is
      routinely performed with a Kevorkian-Younge endometrial biopsy curette. This
      instrument is readily available and has a box-shaped back-cutting tip ideal for
      thorough, safe curettage of the PTFE graft lumen. This technique results in both
      direct assessment and simultaneous treatment of the entire thrombosed dialysis
      graft. The patency rates of first salvage procedures of thrombosed PTFE dialysis
      grafts with and without adjunctive curettage were retrospectively compared.
      Patency of the curettage group was superior at 1 month (97 percent versus 71
      percent) and 6 months (65 percent versus 36 percent), with ultimate crossing of
      the plotted curves at 10 months (p = 0.053 by Wilcoxon test). It is our strong
      clinical impression that premature rethrombosis of PTFE dialysis grafts after
      salvage procedures has been greatly reduced by midgraft curettage.

PMID- 3400815
TI  - Do operative results justify tibial artery reconstruction in the presence of
      pedal sepsis?
AB  - An aggressive surgical approach is warranted in all patients with a salvageable
      weight-bearing pedal surface. Although patients with pedal sepsis (69 limbs) had
      a lower 30 day limb salvage rate and higher morbidity and mortality rates than
      those without sepsis (34 limbs), the long-term salvage rates of both groups by
      life table analysis were not statistically different and remained at the 70
      percent level 3 years postoperatively. Peribypass amputation, debridement of the
      septic foot, or both should be carried out when deemed necessary to decrease the
      risk of septic complications after revascularization. Other risk factors such as
      diabetes or heart disease had no bearing on the short-term results of bypass in
      either the septic or nonseptic group. Autogenous saphenous vein is preferable to
      synthetic bypass material, especially in patients with ongoing infection. Lastly,
      even though the medical climate in 1988 must reflect the stark reality of
      economic restrictions imposed by third-party payors, optimal patient care remains
      our primary responsibility. We believe that long-term pedal salvage, as achieved
      by arterial reconstruction, aggressive wound management, and rehabilitation,
      attains this goal.

PMID- 3400816
TI  - Correlation of clinical findings with venous hemodynamics in 386 patients with
      chronic venous insufficiency.
AB  - Deep venous insufficiency secondary to deep valvular incompetence predominated
      over superficial venous insufficiency in an unselected patient population with
      advanced chronic venous insufficiency. Venous obstruction was uncommon (5
      percent), suggesting that venous bypass surgery may have limited applicability in
      the management of chronic venous insufficiency. Although the majority of patients
      (72 percent) with stage III venous disease (ulcer) had deep venous insufficiency
      alone and would be potential candidates for deep valvular reconstruction, 13
      percent were found to have superficial venous insufficiency alone, and the
      remaining 15 percent, deep venous insufficiency with a hemodynamically
      significant component of superficial venous insufficiency. These findings suggest
      that not all patients with stage III disease have altered hemodynamics on the
      basis of deep venous valvular incompetency. Although most stage III chronic
      venous insufficiency is secondary to altered deep venous hemodynamics, as
      demonstrated by shortened venous refill time, there is a significant group of
      patients with severe chronic venous insufficiency having superficial venous
      insufficiency alone or in combination with deep venous insufficiency (28
      percent). Thus, it is imperative that those patients with superficial venous
      insufficiency be identified by a widely available and reproducible method, such
      as light reflection rheography, since they may respond to surgery of the
      superficial venous system alone.

PMID- 3400817
TI  - Presidential address. Assessing success.

PMID- 3400818
TI  - A new quantitative spectrophotometric assay of ischemia-reperfusion injury in
      skeletal muscle.
AB  - Characterization of ischemia-reperfusion injury of skeletal muscle remains poorly
      defined. A new quantitative assay to measure ischemic skeletal muscle injury is
      described and validated in a rat hindlimb model. This biochemical
      spectrophotometric technique measures triphenyltetrazolium chloride reduction in
      ischemic muscle. The reduction assay demonstrated significant injury after 3
      hours of ischemia (25.4 +/- 9.7 percent of control activity; p less than 0.05).
      More severe injury occurred after 4 or more hours (less than 3 percent of control
      activity; p less than 0.05). This assay is an objective and quantitative method
      for characterizing ischemia-reperfusion injury.

PMID- 3400819
TI  - Does intracranial dye study contribute to evaluation of carotid artery disease?
AB  - One thousand consecutive cerebral arteriograms for suspected carotid artery
      disease were retrospectively evaluated for the intracranial disease component.
      Only 784 patients (78 percent) had arteriograms of the intracranial circulation.
      Forty-six patients (6 percent) had siphon stenosis in the range of 5 to 70
      percent. No patient had a lesion encompassing more than 75 percent of the vessel
      diameter. Thirteen patients (2 percent) had intracranial aneurysms. All patients
      were asymptomatic from the standpoint of their aneurysms and none required
      surgical intervention. One additional patient was noted to have an intracranial
      tumor, which was confirmed by computerized tomography. In this patient
      population, intracranial dye study did not provide information that altered
      management.

PMID- 3400820
TI  - Analysis of 18 recent cases of penetrating injuries to the common and internal
      carotid arteries.
AB  - Penetrating injuries to the common and internal carotid artery carry the unique
      potential for irreversible neurologic damage, respiratory collapse, and
      exsanguination. This study analyzes a recent 4 year experience with 18 cases of
      penetrating injury to the carotid artery to identify the factors influencing
      surgical decision-making, perioperative complications, and mortality. Sixteen
      patients with acute respiratory distress required emergent airway intubation.
      Three patients in hemorrhagic shock were brought directly to the operating room;
      the remaining 15 underwent emergency carotid arteriography. Three patients with
      multiple intramediastinal vascular injuries exsanguinated on the operating table
      before hemorrhage could be controlled. There were no deaths or neurologic
      complications in the 14 surviving patients who had an operation on the carotid
      artery, including 2 patients treated by internal carotid artery ligation. Early
      control of the airway was the most common initial requirement in this group of
      patients. Judicious use of preoperative arteriography was thought to facilitate
      the operative approach in selected patients. A flexible surgical approach to the
      damaged carotid artery is essential based on the patient's hemodynamic status,
      degree of neurologic impairment, and nature and extent of arterial damage.

PMID- 3400821
TI  - Middle ear structure in the chinchilla: a quantitative study.
AB  - The anatomic features of the chinchilla middle ear were identified and various
      aspects of the conductive apparatus were measured in a number of specimens by
      different methods. These aspects included area measures of the tympanic membrane,
      stapes footplate, oval window, and round window; middle-ear volume; dimensions of
      the ossicles, the length of their rotational axes as well as the malleus to incus
      lever ratio. We also weighed the ossicles. The findings are discussed with
      reference to their possible significance for auditory signal processing in the
      chinchilla.

PMID- 3400822
TI  - Otolaryngologic manifestations of chronic granulomatous disease.
AB  - Patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) have a greatly increased
      incidence of infection, particularly in the region of the head and neck. For this
      reason the health care team treating the patient with CGD often includes an
      otolaryngologist. Because the disease process is associated with an altered host
      defense mechanism, standard medical and surgical plans must often be modified. In
      this paper, a representative case is presented illustrating the symptoms,
      clinical course, and therapeutic regimen of a typical patient. The necessity for
      aggressive treatment is emphasized.

PMID- 3400823
TI  - [Importance of studies on the hemostatic system in the diagnosis of juvenile
      uterine hemorrhage].

PMID- 3400824
TI  - [Estrogen production in adolescent girls with primary sclerocystic ovaries].

PMID- 3400825
TI  - [Effect of infectious diseases on the course and outcome of pregnancy].

PMID- 3400826
TI  - [Clinico-hormonal characteristics of a critical form of the premenstrual
      syndrome].

PMID- 3400828
TI  - [The endometrium in patients with secondary amenorrhea].

PMID- 3400827
TI  - [Changes in the function of the autonomic nervous system in patients with the
      climacteric syndrome undergoing nonhormonal therapy].

PMID- 3400829
TI  - [Immunity in patients with hyperplastic processes of the reproductive system].

PMID- 3400830
TI  - [The steroid and peptide hormone content of the blood in women with different
      forms of fibrocystic mastopathy].

PMID- 3400831
TI  - [Liver function indices during the treatment of patients with uterine myoma using
      synthetic progestins].

PMID- 3400832
TI  - [Danazol treatment of disseminated forms of endometriosis].

PMID- 3400833
TI  - [Immunological reactivity of women during normal postmenopause and in endometrial
      pathology].

PMID- 3400834
TI  - [Characteristics of the clinical course of acute inflammatory chlamydial diseases
      of the internal genitalia in women].

PMID- 3400835
TI  - [Detection of groups of women at high risk for the occurrence of genital tumors
      and their management in gynecologic consultation].

PMID- 3400836
TI  - [Characteristics of the hormonal status of girls with different forms of
      precocious sexual maturity of the isosexual type].

PMID- 3400837
TI  - Carbon monoxide exposure in mountaineers on Denali.

PMID- 3400838
TI  - Toxic wastes and health; how real is the problem?

PMID- 3400839
TI  - Experience with arthroscopic anterior acromioplasty.

PMID- 3400840
TI  - [Changes in immunological parameters in vitro and in vivo due to midazolam].
AB  - We investigated in vitro the influence of midazolam concentrations ranged between
      0.2 and 1.6 microgram/ml on immunological parameters by using the rosette
      inhibition-test and the lymphocyte-transformation-test. Additionally, in vivo
      studies using the lymphocyte-transformation-test and the immunomodulatory
      activity of serum were performed in young volunteers during experimental
      determination of hypnotic threshold concentration of midazolam. In vitro, no
      significant evidence of immunodepression could be demonstrated in a concentration
      range usually achieved during anaesthesia. In vivo, midazolam concentrations
      between 0.4-0.8 microgram/ml more likely increased than decreased the reagibility
      of lymphocytes. This was determined by the lymphocyte-transformation-test,
      especially for T-lymphocytes stimulated by the mitogens phytohemagglutinin and
      concanavalin A. Thus, midazolam demonstrates no immunosuppressive effect in
      concentrations achieved during anaesthesia as could be observed by tests of
      cellular immune competence. However, one has to take into consideration that only
      parts of the immunesystem could be examined with these tests.

PMID- 3400841
TI  - Anaesthesia, the clinician and the industrialist.

PMID- 3400842
TI  - Resuscitation in late pregnancy.
AB  - This paper considers cardiopulmonary resuscitation in obstetric patients at term
      and the influence of aortocaval compression on the outcome. The maximum chest
      compression force produced by eight physicians was measured as a function of
      angle of inclination using an inclined plane. The compression force at an angle
      of 27 degrees is 80% of that in the supine position and the Cardiff resuscitation
      wedge, designed to prevent aortocaval compression, is described with this
      inclination. Midwives' expertise in basic life support 6 months after instruction
      was assessed using a manikin simulator. The majority had acquired errors in
      external chest compression and mouth to mouth ventilation. These were corrected
      by additional tuition. Resuscitation of the manikin on the Cardiff wedge was
      found to be as efficient as in the supine position.

PMID- 3400843
TI  - Cocaine absorption from the nasal mucosa.
AB  - The absorption of cocaine from the nasal mucosa was measured by serial plasma
      analysis in patients who received nasal cocaine for routine nasal surgery using
      the modified Moffett's method. Two groups were compared: one received cocaine
      alone and one with adrenaline 1:1000 added. Changes in pulse rate and blood
      pressure were recorded in each group. The group that received intranasal cocaine
      and adrenaline solution had significantly lower plasma cocaine levels. There was
      no significant difference in cardiovascular parameters between the two groups.

PMID- 3400844
TI  - Anaesthesia for valvuloplasty.
AB  - Two years' experience of anaesthesia for percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty in
      children is presented and the problems associated with this procedure are
      discussed.

PMID- 3400845
TI  - The effects of injected solution temperature on intravenous regional anaesthesia.
AB  - Ten healthy volunteers received three standard Bier's blocks. Prilocaine 0.5%, 40
      ml was injected at a solution temperature of 0 degrees C, 22 degrees C or 37
      degrees C. Recordings were made of sensory block, motor block, intravenous
      pressure, limb temperature and pain on injection. There were no differences
      between the three treatments in the rate of development or in the quality of
      block but there was a significant difference in the comfort of injection. Cold
      solutions caused most, and warm solutions least discomfort.

PMID- 3400846
TI  - Isoflurane for conscious sedation.
AB  - Isoflurane 0.5% in oxygen for conscious sedation was compared with placebo
      (oxygen) and with an equipotent concentration of nitrous oxide in oxygen, in
      patients scheduled for surgical removal of bilateral, similarly impacted lower
      third molars. The majority of patients were sedated with 0.5% isoflurane in
      oxygen and preferred it to both placebo and nitrous oxide in oxygen. It produced
      good operating conditions with cooperative patients and had no significant effect
      on vital signs. There were no significant intra- or postoperative adverse
      effects. Patients were street fit within 10 minutes after the end of the
      operation.

PMID- 3400848
TI  - Malignant hyperthermia in the Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome.
AB  - A case of malignant hyperthermia in a small child with a chromosomal abnormality
      is described. The management of malignant hyperthermia in very small children is
      discussed.

PMID- 3400850
TI  - Anaesthesia for carbon dioxide laser laryngeal surgery in infants. A new tracheal
      tube.
AB  - Problems associated with the presence of a tracheal tube during anaesthesia for
      infant laryngeal surgery using the carbon dioxide laser are described. This paper
      discusses alternatives and describes an effective anaesthetic technique and a new
      tracheal tube.

PMID- 3400849
TI  - Myoclonic spasms following intrathecal morphine.
AB  - Myoclonic twitching in the lower limbs of a patient who received intrathecal
      narcotics is described. There was no loss of consciousness. Reports of this
      phenomenon in animals are reviewed.

PMID- 3400847
TI  - Macroglossia and posterior fossa disease.
AB  - We describe five cases of macroglossia in patients with posterior fossa disease
      and suggest that the primary mechanism is neurogenically determined rather than
      one of vascular obstruction or local trauma.

PMID- 3400851
TI  - A comparison of different methods of lubrication of glass syringes used to
      identify the epidural space.
AB  - Measurement of loss of resistance in glass syringes is a method widely used to
      locate the epidural space in epidural anaesthesia. Static and dynamic forces were
      measured under four experimental conditions in new glass syringes: unpolished,
      dry; polished, dry; unpolished, saline lubricated; and polished, saline
      lubricated. The unpolished saline lubricated syringes had a mean (SD) static
      force of 53.18 (15.0) g and dynamic force of 40.88 (15.2) g. These values were
      significantly greater than for polished dry syringes where the values were 5.27
      (2.1) g and 4.38 (0.94) g, respectively. The results show that the least amount
      of resistance to plunger movement is obtained by dry polishing glass syringes.

PMID- 3400852
TI  - Cuff failure in polyvinyl chloride tracheal tubes sprayed with lignocaine.
AB  - The incidence of tracheal tube cuff rupture was noted in 30 polyvinyl chloride
      tracheal tubes lubricated with three different solutions. All cuffs moistened
      with water were intact after 2 hours of cuff inflation whereas two of 10
      lubricated with 4% lignocaine solution had burst. Both of these had leaked at the
      site of cuff attachment to the tube. Fifty percent of tubes lubricated with Astra
      lignocaine spray burst during the study. Four of the five had developed pinholes
      in the cuffs themselves. The remaining 50% of this group showed marked distortion
      and thinning of their intact cuff walls. The implications of these findings are
      discussed in view of the widespread use of PVC tracheal tubes.

PMID- 3400853
TI  - Pulse oximetry and postoperative hypothermia. An evaluation of the Nellcor N-100
      in a cardiac surgical intensive care unit.
AB  - The accuracy of the Nellcor N-100 pulse oximeter was evaluated in hypothermic
      patients (core temperature less than or equal to 35.0 degrees C) after cardiac
      surgery. The pulse oximeter overestimated oxygen saturation in comparison to
      values obtained by direct in vitro oximetry with a mean bias of 0.6% saturation.
      The 95% predictability limits for individual measurements were +/- 3.9% oxygen
      saturation. No demonstrable loss of accuracy was caused by skin pigmentation, the
      concurrent administration of low doses of dopamine or vasodilators, or the intra
      operative intravascular administration of Patent Blue V dye.

PMID- 3400854
TI  - A drawover Boyle's machine. Development and evaluation in Zambia.
AB  - A standard Boyle International anaesthetic machine was modified to allow
      operation in either a continuous flow or a drawover mode. This was achieved by
      fitting a valve in the backbar which allows entrainment of air under drawover
      conditions. The details of the valve and modification are discussed and an
      evaluation of the machine in a Central African hospital is presented.

PMID- 3400855
TI  - Teaching guided fibreoptic nasotracheal intubation. An assessment of an
      anaesthetic technique to aid training.
AB  - An anaesthetic technique suitable for training in fibreoptic intubation is
      described. It uses a capped oropharyngeal airway which leaves the nose free for
      fibreoptic intubation and allows the airway to be maintained and ventilation to
      be controlled if necessary. An assessment is made of the technique after 50
      fibreoptic intubations with the Olympus LF-1 fibrescope. There were no failed
      intubations and no serious complications.

PMID- 3400856
TI  - Urea and electrolyte measurement in pre-operative surgical patients.
AB  - In a prospective study of 1062 patients who presented for routine and emergency
      surgical procedures, the frequency of urea and electrolyte measurement was
      determined. In addition, the incidence of abnormal urea and electrolyte
      measurements were recorded. It was found that these abnormal values were most
      frequent in the paediatric population (though they they had the fewest urea and
      electrolyte measurements performed) and in the over 60s. The American Society of
      Anesthesiologists' grade was found to be a useful predictor as to whether the
      urea and electrolyte measurement could be expected to be abnormal. It is
      suggested that American Society of Anesthesiologists' Grade I patients do not
      require routine urea and electrolyte measurements whilst those in grades 3, 4 and
      5 and those on diuretics do.

PMID- 3400857
TI  - Radiotherapy and children's anaesthesia.

PMID- 3400858
TI  - Fitness for discharge after day surgery.

PMID- 3400859
TI  - Tracheal versus intravenous atropine.

PMID- 3400860
TI  - Sedation with isoflurane.

PMID- 3400861
TI  - Nasotracheal intubation.

PMID- 3400862
TI  - Brain airway in anaesthesia for patients with juvenile chronic arthritis.

PMID- 3400863
TI  - Analgesia during labour by continuous infusion epidurals.

PMID- 3400864
TI  - Sudden cardiac arrest during percutaneous nephrolithotomy.

PMID- 3400865
TI  - Grade III laryngoscopy--which is it?

PMID- 3400866
TI  - Thermal injury associated with pulse oximetry.

PMID- 3400867
TI  - Acute epiglottitis.

PMID- 3400868
TI  - An alternative to sedation during regional analgesia.

PMID- 3400869
TI  - [Transcranial Doppler sonography: halothane increases average blood flow velocity
      in the middle cerebral artery].
AB  - Transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD) can non-invasively measure the blood flow
      velocity of basal cerebral arteries, especially of the middle cerebral artery
      (MCA). TCD has been used for monitoring the cerebral circulation during
      cardiopulmonary bypass or cross-clamping of the carotid artery. To date, systemic
      investigation of the effects of anesthetic agents on mean blood flow velocity in
      the MCA (vMCA) has been neglected, although their effects on cerebral blood flow
      are well known. Two groups of 10 patients each with minor surgical or
      gynecological operations were studied using TC2-64 (EME) TCD equipment. Constant
      artificial ventilation with N2O:O2 = 2:1 was controlled by capnometry; capillary
      pCO2 ranged from 35 to 40 mmHg in both groups. In group I, patients underwent
      general anaesthesia with approximately 0.8 vol% halothane. vMCA, blood pressure,
      and heart rate were determined before and during anesthesia as well as after skin
      incision. Group II patients received fentanyl and droperidol. Measurements were
      performed at time points comparable to those in group I. Halothane caused an
      increase in vMCA by more than one third of the preanesthetic value (from 54.4 +/-
      12.2. to 84.2 +/- 23.9 (P less than 0.01]. In group II (neuroleptanesthesia), no
      significant alterations of vMCA or hemodynamic parameters were observed. These
      results show that anesthetic agents can influence vMCA as well as cerebral blood
      flow. Therefore, these data should be taken into account while monitoring vMCA
      during operative procedures. However it has to be considered that TCD only
      permits measurement of blood flow velocity, while the diameter of the
      investigated vessel remains unknown. Clinical applications of this fascinating
      noninvasive monitoring device are discussed.

PMID- 3400870
TI  - [Warming resuspended erythrocyte concentrates with a new microwave device. In
      vitro results and clinical experiences in comparison with continuous flow
      warming].
AB  - Rapid warming of stored red cell concentrates demands a technique that provides
      careful treatment of the erythrocytes, reliability, simple handling, and prompt
      processing. The Fenwal BW-5, a dry-heat blood warmer, is a well-established blood
      heating device. However, its use is time-consuming and rather complicated. The
      newly developed Infusotherm 407 is a microwave blood warmer providing short
      prewarming time and easy handling, but its safe applicability for resuspended red
      cells had not previously been proven. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Using the disposable
      plastic Ery-Set Schiwa (100 ml NaCl 0.9%), 211 red cell concentrates were
      diluted; 115 were warmed by the Infusotherm 407 and 96 by the Fenwal BW-5. The
      age of the blood units ranged between 1 and 30 days and the volume between 300
      and 350 ml after resuspension. The Infusotherm 407 produces pulsed high-frequency
      waves that are absorbed by the blood unit and transformed into heat. The
      swivelling mechanism of the rotating holder allows continuous mixing and uniform
      warming of the red-cell suspension. The blood temperature is registered on the
      bag's surface by a thermometer integrated in the rotating holder. At 32 degrees
      C, the warming process is stopped automatically. Within the Fenwal BW-5 a special
      plastic bag has to be fixed between two electrically heated thermostat-controlled
      plates. The bag contains the blood that is passing through in several coils. A
      constant working temperature is maintained by an electronic monitor system up to
      a blood flow of 150 ml/min. Several laboratory parameters, i.e. extracellular
      hemoglobin, potassium, lactate dehydrogenase, as well as mean erythrocyte volume
      (MCV) and osmotic fragility of the red cells were determined from samples prior
      to and after blood warming. Thus, apparent hemolysis, morphological changes, or
      discrete damage to the erythrocytes could be detected. RESULTS. We observed a
      slight elevation in hemolysis parameters after warming with both devices. The
      alterations were within the range for stored packed red cells given by the
      European Public Health Committee. MCV and osmotic fragility remained unchanged.
      We did not find any comparable data concerning diluted packed red cells for
      either of the devices. Our own results did not show any significant difference
      between the two methods of heating. DISCUSSION. From the literature, it is known
      that the erythrocytes of full-sized blood units with normal hematocrit are not
      damaged by microwave warming. In contrast, small blood units and undiluted packed
      red cells revealed considerable hemolysis and distinct changes in MCV and osmotic
      fragility.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3400871
TI  - [Successful resuscitation in accidental hypothermia following drowning].
AB  - After breaking through thin ice, a 4-year-old boy drowned in a lake. A quickly
      alerted rescue helicopter found and recovered the child, drifting underneath the
      clear, thin ice. Primary resuscitation by the helicopter crew was unsuccessful.
      Upon arrival in the hospital the child had fixed, dilated pupils and asystole.
      Core temperature was 19.8 degrees C. Rewarming was conducted slowly while
      cardiopulmonary resuscitation was continued. Twenty minutes after arrival at the
      hospital, ventricular complexes appeared in the ECG (temperature 22.1 degrees C);
      after another 10 min this converted to sinus rhythm. At short intervals, blood
      gas analyses and electrolyte determinations were carried out and corrected
      adequately. For cerebral protection methohexital was given and the child was
      hyperventilated. Seventy minutes after arrival at the hospital the child was
      brought to the pediatric ICU with stable circulation. There, further rewarming
      (centrally/peripherally combined) was carried out, aiming at 1 degree C rewarming
      per hour until a normal temperature was reached. The patient had to be kept on
      the ventilator for 10 days and after another 2 weeks was discharged home. He had
      recovered completely without any cerebral damage. One of the reasons why 88 min
      of cardiac arrest were tolerated by this patient without sequelae may have been
      rapid and deep hypothermia.

PMID- 3400872
TI  - [Complication in the use of double-lumen tubes].
AB  - An unexpected, potentially hazardous complication during the use of Robertshaw
      double-lumen endobronchial tubes is reported. A material defect causing
      obstruction of the lumen made endotracheal suction during surgery impossible even
      with very thin suction catheters. The authors recommend the internal diameter of
      double-lumen endobronchial tubes checking before intubation.

PMID- 3400873
TI  - Determination of avidin and biotin by fluorescence polarization.

PMID- 3400874
TI  - Measurement of femtogram quantities of trace elements using an X-ray microprobe.

PMID- 3400875
TI  - Utility of ion source pretreatment with chlorine-containing compounds for
      enhanced performance in gas chromatography/negative ionization mass spectrometry.

PMID- 3400877
TI  - Application of gas chromatography/matrix isolation/Fourier transform infrared
      spectrometry to the determination of ethyl carbamate in alcoholic beverages and
      foods.

PMID- 3400876
TI  - Identification of dyes in solid poly(methyl methacrylate) by means of laser
      desorption Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry.

PMID- 3400878
TI  - Ultrastructure of the Eimer's organs of the Japanese shrew mole, Urotrichus
      talpoides (Insectivora, Mammalia) and their changes following infraorbital
      axotomy.
AB  - The Eimer's organ and adjacent structures and their changes after infraorbital
      axotomy was examined with LM, TEM and SEM in the Japanese shrew mole, Urotrichus
      talpoides. Approximately 3,000 of Eimer's organ covers the hairless snout tip of
      this animal. It protrudes to the corium from epidermis, and consists of column
      shaped core and the cylindrical peripheral structures. About a dozen of naked
      fibers ascend vertically in the core; one or a few of them runs amidst the core
      and the others along its circumferential part. Each fiber has shelf-like endings
      one in each of 5 to 7 succeeding cells in the upper part of the core. At the
      uppermost part of the core structure is an opaque degenerating cell. Neurites
      were considered to grow up with the epidermal cells to which their endings are
      attached. This pattern of nerve ending was clearly observed for the first time in
      this study. Usually 3 Merkel cells lie at the base of an Eimer's organ contacting
      with a soup-plate-shape nerve terminal. In the dermis, an encapsulated corpuscle
      enveloping a nerve endings is found underneath each Eimer's organ. After axotomy,
      ipsilateral nerve fibers and their endings totally disappeared from Eimer's organ
      in a week. Perforation in the domes, flattening of the dome surface, and
      degeneration of the encapsulated corpuscles appeared on the transected side. In
      addition to this, several features of degeneration also appeared on the
      contralateral side. It might be considered as an effect of disuse from the
      disorders of the other side.

PMID- 3400880
TI  - An electron microscopical observation of the endoneurial mast cells of the
      laboratory musk shrew: Suncus murinus).
AB  - Histochemical and ultrastructural properties of endoneurial mast cells of the
      normal and histamine liberator Compound 48/80 (48/80)--injected musk shrew,
      Suncus murinus (Suncus) were examined by light and electron microscopies. It was
      observed that the normal mast cells contained numerous cytoplasmic granules, with
      dense and irregular dense cores, covered at times with slender microvilli. The
      cells were diffusely located within the endoneurial sheath of the peripheral
      nerve fibers and in the intercellular spaces of the spinal ganglion cells.
      Histochemically, histamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine and heparin were observed in mast
      cell granules. Biochemical analysis also indicated a relatively high content of
      histamine in the suncus peripheral nerve. A single intradural-injection of 48/80
      resulted in the degranulation of endoneurial mast cells and revealed peculiar
      axoplasmic changes make up of neurofilament-mitochondrial complexes in the
      peripheral nerve fibers. No remarkable histochemical and ultrastructural
      differences were observed between the endoneurial mast cells and the connective
      tissue mast cells in the suncus. The significance of these findings is discussed
      with regard to previous studies of the endoneurial mast cells in other laboratory
      animals.

PMID- 3400879
TI  - The postnatal changes in the density of sensory nerve endings in the oral mucosa
      of the cat.
AB  - The changes that occur in the distribution and density of the encapsulated
      endings and Merkel cell-neurite complexes of the lingual gingival and alveolar
      mucosa of the mandible of kittens from birth to 28 d of age were observed through
      the use of methylene blue vital staining. The distribution of encapsulated
      endings showed a tendency to increase over the total area of the mucosae, but
      Merkel cell-neurite complexes tended to group into bands across the gingivae.
      While the density of the nerve endings of the former showed a continuous increase
      over the time period from the day of birth, when they totalled 13/cm2, to the
      28th d by which that figure had increased to 144/cm2, the latter showed no such
      marked increase, totalling only 35/cm2 and 50/cm2, respectively. Further
      observations were made of the ultrastructures of organized endings in adult cat.

PMID- 3400881
TI  - Effect of soft diets on craniofacial growth in mice.
AB  - The 300 C3H/He strain male mice were divided into 3 groups; solid, kneaded, and
      liquid diet groups. Each group was consisted of 5 cross-sectional subgroups, i.e.
      3, 5, 7, 12 and 20 weeks subgroups. X-ray pictures of their craniofacial complex
      were measured to investigate the extent and time that growth retardation can be
      recognized in the cranium. As the results, soft diets could retard craniofacial
      growth, although it accelerated body growth. Increase of height and depth of
      distal part of mandible and all 3 dimensions of craniofacial complex were
      affected by taking soft diets through the growing period. Some of them were
      apparent even in weaning period. As the distal areas of both craniofacial complex
      and mandible are closely related to jaw function, growth retardation of this area
      could be explained as the skeletal adaptation to the soft diets.

PMID- 3400884
TI  - Movement and function of mandible--a simplified mechano-morphological model of
      mandible.
AB  - It is an obvious fact that the shape of mandibles and its change are much
      concerned with the force vector of mastication muscles. In reference to the shape
      of mentum, however, it is yet inexplicable up to the present that the human
      mentum is such toughly shaped as being bearable against the force induced by
      mastication. In this paper, the authors show their three-dimensional mechanics
      model for the analysis in strength and they indicate that this model is suitable
      to explaining the shape.

PMID- 3400883
TI  - Postnatal development of the mouse temporal muscle and effects of a fine-grained
      diet on the muscle spindle.
AB  - The postnatal development of the mouse temporal muscle and effects of a fine
      grained diet on muscle spindles were investigated. On d 25 after birth, 3 types
      of extrafusal muscle fibers could be distinguished on the basis of SDH activity,
      but not on the basis of their diameters. And in 50-d-old mice, 3 types of the
      muscle fibers had different diameters each other. In intrafusal muscle fibers,
      the postnatal changes of the SDH activity were similar to those of extrafusal
      muscle fibers, but the diameter distribution showed unimodal statistical
      distribution from 10th to 50th postnatal day. On the other hand, in control 180-d
      old mice, 80 percent of muscle spindles in the temporal muscle had complete
      annulospiral endings, but the ratio of muscle spindles with complete annulospiral
      endings was decreased significantly in mice fed a fine-grained diet. The diet
      also decreased the diameter of the endings significantly. These results suggest
      that the main changes in the morphological and functional properties of the mouse
      temporal muscle occur in during and early after weaning period, and that normal
      mastication is needed to maintain the homeostatic condition of the mouse temporal
      muscle.

PMID- 3400882
TI  - Time of origin of Purkinje cells and neurons of the deep cerebellar nuclei of the
      chick embryo examined by 3H-thymidine autoradiography.
AB  - The time of origin of Purkinje cells and deep cerebellar neurons was studied by
      3H-thymidine autoradiography in chick embryos which received isotope at stages 17
      to 29 and which were sacrificed at stage 36. These neurons originated throughout
      stages 17 to 27. Neurons of each cerebellar nucleus originated throughout these
      stages, so that histogenetically the cerebellar nuclei could be regarded as a
      single cell mass. Large neurons originated at stage 17, medium sized ones at
      stages 19 to 21, and small ones after stage 23. Purkinje cells aggregated at
      stage 36 to form a row of cell clusters under the external granular layer. These
      cell clusters were more or less labeled in the embryos which received isotope at
      stages 17 to 21, while unlabeled cell clusters were observed in the embryos which
      received isotope after stage 23. These unlabeled cell clusters showed 4
      longitudinal bands in the lateral cerebellar cortex. In the embryo which received
      isotope at stage 27, Purkinje cells in the pars intermedius and lateralis were
      almost unlabeled, whereas in the vermis and the lobus flocconodularis, a fairly
      large number of labeled Purkinje cells were still observed. Purkinje cells were
      all medium sized regardless of their time of origin.

PMID- 3400885
TI  - Development of artificial mastication system. Construction of one degree of
      freedom antagonistic muscle model WJ-O.
AB  - The authors have determined that there are 2 levels of control systems in
      mastication; the muscle control system as the lower level system and the
      mastication control system as the upper level system. And the authors made an
      experiment of the muscle control system as the first step of an artificial
      mastication system. The purpose of this paper is to propose the artificial muscle
      model which uses as DC motor under the control of position, velocity and force
      feedback.

PMID- 3400887
TI  - Somatotopic organization of facial nucleus of rabbit. With particular reference
      to intranuclear representation of perioral branches of the facial nerve.
AB  - Somatotopic organization of the facial nucleus was examined in the rabbit by the
      retrograde HRP (horseradish peroxidase) method; HRP was applied to the peripheral
      branches of the facial nerve. The facial nucleus is cytoarchitectonically divided
      into 5 division: the ventromedial, medial, dorsal, lateral and intermediate
      divisions. The ventromedial division contains neurons supplying the cervical
      branch. The medial division supplies the anterior auricular branch as well as the
      posterior auricular branch. The dorsal division is small and contains motoneurons
      innervating the periorbital regions through the zygomatico-orbital branchlets as
      well as the anterior auricular branch. Motoneurons innervating the perioral
      regions are numerous and distributed in the lateral and intermediate division;
      each of the lateral and intermediate divisions supplies both superior labial and
      inferior labial branches.

PMID- 3400886
TI  - Central projection of proprioceptive afferents arising from maxillo-facial
      regions in some animals studied by HRP-labeling technique.
AB  - 20 ICR mice (adult females) were used for analyzing the axonal projection of the
      trigeminal mesencephalic tract neurons and 10 Japanese shrew-moles for analyzing
      that of the snout proprioceptive neurons. The HRP-labeled axons were found to be
      ipsilaterally terminated in the trigeminal motor nucleus, supratrigeminal nucleus
      and trigeminal main and spinal tract nuclei, lateral pontine-medullary reticular
      formation, vagal dorsal motor and hypoglossal nuclei and the lamina V of the C2
      spinal cord segments. No HRP-labeled axons were found in the facial and solitary
      nuclei and the cerebellum. Also, the functional localization of the trigeminal
      mesencephalic tract neurons was analyzed with the retrograde tracers of
      fluorescent compounds injected into the jaw-closing muscles having spindles. The
      fluorescent-labeled neurons were found to be intermingled throughout the nucleus
      and clustered at the caudal level of the nucleus. Also, double or triple
      fluorescent-labeled neurons were not observed in the nucleus. The HRP-labeled
      axon bundle of the facial proprioceptive neurons are divided rostro-caudally into
      the shorter ascending and the longer descending roots, both running closely
      dorsal to the trigeminal spinal tract nucleus. The ascending root lies adjacently
      dorsal to the spinal tract nucleus, giving off the terminal fibers to it, to the
      wider area of the dorso-medial pontine nuclei and finally to the cerebellar
      nuclei. At the level of the facial inner genu, it turns medially to meet the
      facial nerve root, giving off the terminal fibers to the facial motor nucleus and
      to the raphe nuclei and to the opposite nuclei bilaterally. The HRP-labeled
      descending root takes the course caudally at least down to the C3 segment of the
      spinal cord, giving off the terminal fibers to the spinal tract nucleus, the
      nuclei of the IXth, Xth and XIIth cranial nerves and the pontine-medullary
      reticular formation. In the spinal cord, it descends bilaterally through the
      posterior fascicles, giving off the terminal fibers to the dorsal and ventral
      horns.

PMID- 3400888
TI  - An ultrastructural study of changes in the tendinous attachment of the deep layer
      of masseter muscle to the rat mandible during bite raising.
AB  - To elucidate the ultrastructural changes in the attachment of masticatory muscles
      during changes in the functions of masticatory muscles, rats ranging in age from
      50 to 80 d, were used. 2 d after bite-raising, the fibrocartilage cells in the
      tendinous attachment of the deep layer of masseter muscle were characterized by
      ill-developed cell organelles. Undifferentiated cells around blood vessels
      degenerated. 4 d after bite raising, however, fibrocartilage cells exhibited well
      developed cell organelles, cell division and intercellular contacts. After 10 d
      of bite raising, the morphologic features of the fibrocartilage cells were the
      same as those observed in the control. These results suggest that the mechanical
      stress created by the change in muscle function during bite raising caused the
      degeneration of the fibrocartilage cell. From 4 d after bite raising, cell
      proliferation and active formation of new extracellular matrix occurred in
      response to environmental changes. 10 d after bite raising, the remodeling of
      collagen fiber and the formation of bone tissue had returned to normal by the
      adaptation of muscle function.

PMID- 3400890
TI  - A case report of the anterior pericardial branch of the cervical ansa; a
      comparative anatomical and ontogenetical consideration.
AB  - The anterior pericardial nerve of the cervical ansa was encountered in the left
      side of a 52 year-old male body during routine student dissection. This nerve was
      found to issue from the cervical ansa in common with the branches to the
      sternohyoideus and sternothyreoideus muscles and to the inferior belly of the
      omohyoideus muscle, descending almost vertically on the front of the internal
      jugular vein. The anterior pericardial nerve passed downward across the anterior
      aspect of the fibrous pericardium. The remaining portion of the fibrous
      pericardium was found to be supplied by the pericardial branches of the main
      phrenic nerve. The occurrence of variations of nerve branches such as the
      anterior pericardial nerve seems to reflect noticeable or rather dramatic changes
      in the morphology of the hypobranchio-pleuro-pericardiaco-pectobrachial region of
      the human embryos exerted at the early stages of development. The morphological
      meaning of this nerve was discussed from the comparative anatomical point of view
      as well as from the ontogenetical point of view.

PMID- 3400889
TI  - Human macrophages from skin: II. Histochemical, cytochemical and scanning
      electron microscopical identification.
AB  - The recent development of a simple not invasive method for isolating macrophages
      from the skin of normal subjects has also provided a unique opportunity for
      morphological studies. Human macrophages isolated from skin blisters (n = 34)
      (Michna 1988) are identified as substratum using the proof of unspecific esterase
      with alpha-naphthyl-butyrate. The typical morphological features of human
      macrophages are demonstrated in a transmission and scanning electron microscopic
      study. In a cytochemical part the lysosomal potenties of these human macrophages
      are displayed.

PMID- 3400891
TI  - An atypic pattern of the azygos venous system in man.
AB  - A rare variation of the azygos system, found in an 84 year old man, is described.
      A "double-columned" azygos system runs in front of the spine, and the azygos
      major crosses the superior lobe of the right lung and enters the right subclavian
      vein.

PMID- 3400892
TI  - An ultrastructural study of intraventricular macrophages in the brains of aged
      mice.
AB  - Intraventricular macrophages in brains of mice aged 25 to 31 months were examined
      in the transmission electron microscope. A wide spectrum of phagocytic activity
      was found ranging from resting, inactive macrophages to extremely large active
      macrophages. Most of the phagocytosed debris appeared to be of lipid origin and a
      possible sequence of lipid breakdown was postulated. There was evidence of
      phagocytosis of degenerating choroid plexus epithelial cells and also of mitosis
      of intraventricular macrophages. The most striking feature of intraventricular
      macrophages in the ageing brain was the presence of some extremely large cells in
      which most of the cytoplasm was filled with phagocytosed debris.

PMID- 3400893
TI  - A statistical approach to the discrimination of the cranial form.
AB  - In a study of lateral cephalographic dimensions, their multivariate statistical
      analysis was shown to discriminate between patients with gross cranial anomalies
      and controls exhibiting no abnormal morphology. Although the degree of
      discrimination depended upon the group of dimensions included in the analysis,
      discrimination was more consistent than when compared using univariate
      statistical techniques. As cephalographic dimensions combine both size and shape
      parameters together, however, the interpretation of such contrasts must await
      more specific analytic techniques development.

PMID- 3400894
TI  - [Craniofacial growth under the influence of the blood supply. II. Skull
      scoliosis].
AB  - After unilateral ligature of the common carotid artery in young rats, the rostrum
      was observed to shift towards the ligated side. The scoliosis was combined with
      arthropathic changes in the temporomandibular joint. The deflection of the
      rostrum is situated in the region of the right premaxillar bone. It is assumed
      that the scoliosis is caused by reduction of the blood flow to the frontonasal
      sutures because the terminal branches of the infraorbital artery have no
      collaterals. Moreover, the reduction in the blood supply also leads to
      disturbance of the muscular function and thus to a reduction in growth stimuli to
      the frontonasal sutures.

PMID- 3400895
TI  - A Golgi and electron microscope study of the ventral septum in the reptile,
      Podarcis hispanica.
AB  - The ventral septum of the reptile Podarcis hispanica has been studied using
      cytoarchitectonical and Golgi methods as well as electron microscopy techniques.
      The ventral septum is located in the medial wall of the telencephalon, just
      ventral to the dorsal septum. 2 different cell masses or nuclei can be easily
      appreciated in this structure: the Ventro-lateral Nucleus, located close to the
      ventricle, and the Ventro-medial Nucleus, located close to the medial hemispheric
      wall. Using Golgi methods, 3 classes of neurons have been distinguished: Big
      Polymorphic (BP) neurons, Small Polymorphic (SP) neurons and Horizontal (H)
      neurons. BP neurons are located within Ventro-medial Nucleus and they are
      characterized by a large dendritic 3 with numerous dendritic spines (50 spines
      per 100 microns). SP neurons are located within Ventro-lateral Nucleus and they
      are characterized by a small dendritic tree which is covered by numerous
      dendritic spines (48 spines per 100 microns). H neurons are located around both
      nuclei and they are characterized by a linear dendritic tree and a low number of
      dendritic spines. Using E.M. techniques 3 classes of neuronal cell bodies can be
      distinguished: big neuronal somata, small neuronal somata and spindle-like
      neuronal somata Big somata are located within Ventro-medial Nucleus. Small somata
      are located within Ventro-lateral Nucleus. Spindle-like somata are located either
      close to the lateral ventricle or close to the medial hemispheric wall. We have
      identified 4 different types of synaptic endings in the neuropil, depending on
      the vesicle morphology: A) endings with slightly pleomorphic vesicles; B) endings
      with big round vesicles; C) endings with dense core vesicles and D) endings with
      small round vesicles.

PMID- 3400896
TI  - An unusual accessory flexor (opponens) digiti minimi muscle.
AB  - An accessory flexor (opponens) digiti minimi muscle is described with an origin
      from antebrachial fascia. In the same limb, a reversed palmaris longus muscle was
      noted inserting into the deep aspect of the flexor retinaculum.

PMID- 3400897
TI  - IgE values in the allergic and healthy Israeli population.
AB  - This study was designed to establish IgE values in different allergic diseases in
      an Israeli population and healthy controls. The geometric mean IgE in the control
      group was 41 IU/mL (range = 15 to 111 IU/mL) and in the atopic group 142 IU/mL
      (range = 36 to 556 IU/mL). The highest values were found in patients with asthma
      plus allergic rhinitis plus atopic dermatitis and asthma plus atopic dermatitis.
      The lowest values were from patients with urticaria. There was a gradual increase
      in IgE levels from 4 to 10 years and then a gradual decrease. IgE was
      significantly higher in males, particularly in the 21 to 40-year age group and
      above 60 years. There was no difference in IgE levels in the various ethnic
      groups. There was a correlation between IgE levels and the number of positive
      skin tests. Peripheral eosinophilia was found in one-third of the patients with
      low IgE and in 2/3 of the patients with IgE above 500 IU/mL. An IgE of 120 IU/mL
      or more was found in 56% of patients with asthma in addition to other atopic
      diseases. Only 10% of normal controls had an IgE value of 120 IU/mL or more.
      These results are similar to those reported from European and North American
      countries.

PMID- 3400898
TI  - Prevalence of atopy in a sickle-cell anemia population.
AB  - Contrary to reports in the literature, we found no statistical difference between
      the prevalence of atopic disorders (asthma, hayfever, and atopic dermatitis) in
      patients with sickle-cell anemia and their prevalence in nonsickle-cell reference
      populations. We examined this issue by determining the prevalence of atopy in a
      sickle-cell anemia population.

PMID- 3400899
TI  - Significance of IgE level in amniotic fluid and cord blood for the prediction of
      allergy.
AB  - Intrauterine sensitization has been reported in animal and clinical studies. One
      study suggests that the amniotic fluid (AF) IgE level might be useful in
      predicting infant allergy. We followed for 1 year 83 newborns on whom we had 78
      samples of AF, 82 of cord serum (CS), and 83 of maternal serum (MS). All infants
      were delivered by C-section at term. Amniotic fluid samples were aspirated
      through the exposed myometrium. Sanguineous specimens were excluded. Amniotic
      fluid, CS, and MS were tested for total IgE level and IgE RAST to three foods:
      cow's milk, egg white, and peanut. Data on family medical history, feeding
      history, and allergy symptoms were collected for 12 months. By 1 year 23% had
      probable allergy: recurrent wheezing = 8, food related G.I. symptoms = 7, and
      atopic dermatitis = 4. Allergy in formula-fed infants occurred more often than in
      those breast-fed for greater than 6 months. IgE in AF was greater than or equal
      to 0.5 IU/mL in 21/78 (27%); range = 0.5 to 5.9 and geometric mean = 0.76. No
      correlation was noted between AF total IgE and the appearance of allergy. RAST
      was equivocally positive in 1.2% AF. Cord serum total IgE was greater than or
      equal to 0.5 IU/mL in 6/82 (7%); range = 0.5 to 2.6 and geometric mean = 0.72.
      Allergy appeared in 67% of infants with CS total IgE greater than or equal to 0.5
      IU/mL. RAST was negative in all CS samples. In this limited series, AF IgE did
      not seem to have predictive value of allergy in infancy.

PMID- 3400900
TI  - Effect of adenosine and pertussis vaccine on lymphocyte response in vitro to
      phytohemagglutinin in asthmatic and non-asthmatic subjects.
AB  - Adenosine and pertussis vaccine each significantly suppressed the in vitro
      lymphocyte response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) in both asthmatic and non
      asthmatic subjects. On the other hand, pertussis vaccine significantly enhanced
      the response of the lymphocytes treated with a lower concentration of adenosine
      both in asthmatic and non-asthmatic subjects. It was also shown that lymphocytes
      from asthmatic and non-asthmatic subjects responded similarly to the modulating
      effect of adenosine and/or pertussis vaccine on PHA stimulation. These data give
      further evidence for the complex interplay of the vaccine with endogenous
      adenosine.

PMID- 3400901
TI  - Evaluation of a new, shorter method of administration of adrenergic aerosols in
      the treatment of asthma.
AB  - Approximately 15 to 20 minutes are usually required to administer adrenergic
      agents by nebulization in the treatment of asthma. But young children often do
      not tolerate these prolonged treatment periods. A "5-breath" method was found to
      provide comparable improvements in pulmonary function and result in minimal and
      comparable side effects, but required only one minute to administer. The "5
      breath" method may, therefore, be the method of choice in the young or otherwise
      uncooperative patients.

PMID- 3400902
TI  - Vasoconstrictor and corticosteroid responsive components of allergic nasal
      mucosal swelling.
AB  - This study evaluated the relative contributions of vascular engorgement and less
      reversible components of inflammation (edema, cellular infiltration) to
      production of allergic nasal congestion. We established the minimum nasal airway
      resistance (NAR) inducible by oxymetazoline spray in 29 asymptomatic patients.
      During ragweed season, we restudied them with the same decongestant regimen
      before and after 1 week of treatment with oral methylprednisolone (Medrol
      tablets, Upjohn) or a matched placebo. It was not possible, in the conditions of
      this study, to decongest symptomatic patients to baseline using only the topical
      vasoconstrictor. This could be accomplished in those receiving
      methylprednisolone. Corticoid therapy relieved a non-vascular component of
      congestion or rendered vasoconstrictor therapy more effective.

PMID- 3400903
TI  - The role of suggestion in asthma.

PMID- 3400904
TI  - Cardiac arrest associated with halothane anesthesia in a patient receiving
      theophylline.
AB  - A case of a 10-year-old asthmatic patient who had cardiac arrest during induction
      for elective ear surgery is presented. The patient's serum theophylline level was
      21.6 micrograms/mL one hour after surgery. It is likely that, since other factors
      that can contribute to cardiac arrest during the perioperative period were not
      present, the combined use of aminophylline and halothane was responsible.

PMID- 3400905
TI  - Teacher opinion of the role of food allergy on school behavior and achievement.
AB  - There seems to be a common belief in the lay community and in some professional
      groups that food allergy is a prominent factor in the academic and behavioral
      problems of many school-age children. This is in spite of an available body of
      medical and social science literature to the contrary. This survey of teachers
      indicates their strong conviction of the role of certain foods, especially those
      containing sugar, in influencing such behaviors as attention, alertness,
      motivation, concentration, and activity level. Additionally, over half of those
      interviewed considered such problems with food an allergy or wondered if they
      were. These data suggest the need for improved communication between the medical
      and educational communities to prevent inappropriate responses to school-related
      problems and misreferrals to physicians for primarily educational problems.

PMID- 3400907
TI  - Biological effects of non-ionizing radiations: cellular properties and
      interactions.
AB  - The Lauriston Taylor lectures honor the founder of the National Committee on
      Radiation Protection and Measurement, soon to be followed by the corresponding
      international organization. These standard setting bodies had a vast influence on
      proper recognition of radiation hazards. The 10th Taylor lecture is the first to
      deal with nonionizing radiations and may be, therefore, of particular interest to
      the bioengineer. During early history biophysics and bioengineering were
      primarily concerned with ionizing radiation bioeffects and electrophysiology. The
      nonionizing part of the radiation field and electrophysiology are closely
      related. Biomedical observation, biophysical and bioengineering efforts in the
      nonionizing radiation field are defined and complement each other. Topics
      concentrate on the relevant biophysical and bioengineering efforts of the author
      and his colleagues. They include: electrical properties of biological systems;
      established electrical field interactions (excitation, macromolecular responses
      and cellular responses); problems of dosimetry (macroscopic and microscopic
      considerations); conclusions about relative merits of various research
      approaches.

PMID- 3400906
TI  - Lymphocytotoxic antibodies and intermediate immune complexes in
      hypergammaglobulinemic purpura of Waldenstrom.
AB  - Immune complexes, lymphopenia, and lymphocytotoxic antibodies were detected in
      two patients with hypergammaglobulinemic purpura of Waldenstrom. These
      abnormalities were further characterized in one patient. Ultracentrifugation
      analysis of this patient's serum showed an intermediate peak likely representing
      medium sized immune complexes. Circulating IgG-containing immune complexes (2-ME
      resistant Clq binding material) and IgM rheumatoid factor (2-ME sensitive) were
      also detected. A sequential study of cold reactive IgM lymphocytotoxic antibodies
      revealed a significant inverse correlation between antibody levels and peripheral
      lymphocyte counts. The possible implications of these findings in the
      pathogenesis of hypergammaglobulinemic purpura are discussed.

PMID- 3400908
TI  - Signal processing strategies for enhancement of signal-to-noise ratio of
      thermodilution measurements.
AB  - Thermodilution measurements of clinically important cardiac parameters, such as
      cardiac output and stroke volume, are subject to many sources of error. The
      temperature fluctuations (thermal noise) normally found in the pulmonary artery
      constitute one of these sources of errors. To improve the signal-to-noise ratio
      of thermodilution flow measurements rather than increase the signal level, we
      investigated four signal processing strategies designed to reduce the thermal
      noise power. We applied the noise reduction strategies to thermal noise data,
      containing simulated thermodilution curves, obtained in a mock circulatory loop.
      We compared the accuracy and reproducibility of the curve area estimates produced
      by the algorithms to the area estimates obtained by numerical integration of the
      thermal signal. Our results show that a bandpass (BP) integration technique
      combined with a noise canceler can improve thermodilution curve area estimate
      reproducibility and accuracy. The BP integration technique improved the
      reproducibility of cardiac output measurements by roughly 16 dB and is directly
      applicable to most thermodilution hardware currently in use. The more accurate
      noise cancelers, combined with the BP integration technique, provided
      correspondingly improved signal-to-noise ratios, with the improvement ranging up
      to 50 dB.

PMID- 3400909
TI  - Relationship between changes of chamber mechanical parameters and mean pressure
      mean flow diagrams of the left ventricle.
AB  - A theoretical relationship between mean ventricular pressure (P) and mean
      ventricular outflow (Q) was developed based on a model of the left ventricle with
      elastic-resistive properties. Using a polynomial interpolation method, a fifth
      order polynomial equation for the P-Q relationship was obtained. Its coefficients
      are functions of end-diastolic volume (VD), heart rate (HR), contractile state
      (CS), diastolic elastance (ED), asymmetry (S) of the elastance function E(t), and
      ventricular internal resistance factor (K). Effect of changes of these parameters
      indicated that normal and enhanced CS relations diverge toward the P axis but
      have a common intercept toward the Q axis. A similar effect was obtained with
      increased asymmetry of E(t). Changes in VD, HR and ED produced a parallel shift
      of the P-Q relation. The effect of K was negligible, however, which would reduce
      the description of the P-Q relationship to a third-order polynomial equation. A
      flow-dependent deactivation component was introduced, altering the asymmetry
      factor S, which decreases in a linear proportion to Q. This factor shifted the
      pump function graph downwards. We conclude that the theoretical description of
      the P-Q relation we present reproduces the experimental behavior of pump function
      diagrams reported in the literature (changes in VD, HR, and CS) and predicts the
      possible behavior due to other parameter changes.

PMID- 3400911
TI  - Ecologic study of the risk factors for environmental mastitis in cows.
AB  - An index was developed to measure the proportion of intramammary infections
      caused by environmental microorganisms on dairy farms. This environmental index
      can be interpreted as the probability that an intramammary infection was caused
      by an environmental pathogen, rather than by a contagious pathogen. Using the
      environmental index as the outcome variable, risk factors for environmental
      mastitis were studied on 10 dairy farms in New York. Turning the cows outside was
      associated with lower environmental index, and having cows drink from a stream
      increased the environmental index. Selective (rather than uniform) nonlactating
      cow intramammary treatment was related to a lower environmental index (apparently
      because the farms practicing selective nonlactating cow treatment suffered from
      epizootics of contagious mastitis).

PMID- 3400910
TI  - Temporal study of staphylococcal species on healthy dogs.
AB  - During a 1-year period, specimens were obtained monthly from 5 hair coat and 7
      mucous membrane sites of 11 healthy dogs. Among 804 isolates of staphylococci, 13
      species were identified. Staphylococcus intermedius was the most frequently
      isolated (40.2% of total isolates) coagulase-positive species, and S xylosus was
      the most frequently isolated (17.3%) coagulase-negative species. Moreover, S
      intermedius was the most frequently isolated species from the 12 sites evaluated
      and was isolated persistently from 8 of the 9 dogs that completed the 1-year
      study. On the basis of a commercial identification system, 14 profile numbers
      were identified for isolates of S intermedius. However, 2 profile numbers
      accounted for a majority (70.9%) of the isolates. Specific S intermedius biotypes
      identified on the basis of hemolysis, coagulase production, beta-lactamase
      activity, and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were found repeatedly in 3
      dogs. Seemingly, S intermedius was a resident of the normal bacterial microflora
      of these dogs; however, the inability to isolate S intermedius from 1 dog during
      the study year indicated that not all dogs harbor S intermedius as a resident
      microorganism.

PMID- 3400912
TI  - Cutaneous fungal flora in twenty horses free of skin or ocular disease.
AB  - The fungal flora of the hair and underlying skin from 2 sites was examined
      qualitatively in 20 horses free of skin or ocular disease. Fungi were isolated
      from both the hair and the underlying skin of all 20 horses. Twenty-two genera
      regarded commonly as saprophytes were identified and an additional 2 fungi
      resembled the perfect state of the cutaneous pathogenic genera Microsporum and
      Trichophyton. Cladosporium spp, Penicillium spp, and Rhizopus spp were the most
      frequently isolated saprophytes. In general, similar fungi were isolated from the
      hair and underlying skin, and differences were not noted in isolates from the
      saddle and rump regions.

PMID- 3400914
TI  - Ultrastructural and electrophoretic analysis of Treponema hyodysenteriae axial
      filaments.
AB  - Axial filaments of Treponema hyodysenteriae were purified and examined by
      transmission electron microscopy. The size and fine structure of the filaments
      were similar to those of Treponema zuelzerae and Treponema phagedenis biotype
      reiterii. Filaments were dissociated by heat and 2-mercaptoethanol and examined
      by polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. Six protein bands were evident, with
      approximate molecular weights of 39,000, 29,000, 27,000, 22,000, 21,000, and
      18,500 daltons. All the proteins reacted with T hyodysenteriae and T innocens
      rabbit antisera, using the immunoblot technique.

PMID- 3400913
TI  - Prevalence of ocular microorganisms in hospitalized and stabled horses.
AB  - Microorganisms from normal eyes of hospitalized and stabled horses were
      identified, and the frequency of isolation was compared between the 2 groups.
      Using standard techniques, swab specimens from both eyes of 22 hospitalized
      horses and both eyes of 18 stabled horses were cultured for aerobic bacteria and
      fungi. Ninety-six aerobic bacteria and 57 fungi were isolated. The predominant
      bacterial isolates were gram-positive organisms, most of which belonged to the
      genera Corynebacterium, Bacillus, Staphylococcus, and Streptomyces. Gram-negative
      organisms comprised less than one-fourth of the bacterial isolates, with the
      genera Neisseria, Moraxella, and Acinetobacter being the most commonly isolated.
      Environmental fungi Cladosporium and Alternaria accounted for half of all fungal
      isolates. In only 5 horses were fungi isolated without accompanying isolation of
      bacteria. The frequency of isolation of fungi was higher (P less than 0.01) in
      stabled horses. For bacteria, the frequency of isolation was higher (P less than
      0.08) in male horses. Results of susceptibility testing were recorded as the
      percentage of all isolates susceptible to a given antimicrobic drug. Bacterial
      isolates were highly susceptible (greater than or equal to 90%) to neomycin,
      polymixin B, gentamicin, and chloramphenicol. Overall, filamentous fungi had
      highest susceptibility to natamycin (97%). Miconazole was highly efficacious
      (100% susceptibility) against Fusarium and Aspergillus.

PMID- 3400915
TI  - Effect of abraded intramammary device on outcome in lactating cows after
      challenge exposure with Streptococcus uberis.
AB  - Intramammary devices (IMD) were abraded with medium-grade emery cloth or were
      left smooth. One IMD of each type was inserted into a mammary quarter of each of
      5 lactating cows. The remaining 2 quarters served as controls. Quarter foremilk,
      bucket milk, and stripping milk samples were collected for 3 consecutive days at
      2 weeks after IMD insertion, and milk somatic cell counts (SCC) were determined.
      Milk samples also were collected immediately after and 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 11
      hours after milking. All quarters were challenge exposed with 250 colony-forming
      units of Streptococcus uberis at 2 months after IMD insertion. Foremilk and
      stripping milk samples were collected for bacteriologic culture and SCC at the
      next 10 milkings. Mean foremilk, bucket milk, and stripping milk SCC (X 10(6)
      cells/ml) were 0.18, 0.07, and 0.91, respectively, for quarters with abraded IMD;
      0.06, 0.05, and 0.43, respectively, for quarters with smooth IMD; and 0.03, 0.03,
      and 0.15, respectively, for control quarters. Mean SCC after milking (X 10(6)
      cells/ml) for the various intervals were 0.70, 1.29, 0.70, 0.97, 1.15, 1.17,
      0.77, and 0.85 for quarters with abraded IMD; 0.43, 0.62, 0.61, 0.45, 0.64, 0.60,
      0.31, and 0.26 for quarters with smooth IMD; and 0.15, 0.24, 0.15, 0.19, 0.15,
      0.15, 0.14 and 0.06 for control quarters. After challenge exposure, 2 of 5 of the
      quarters with abraded IMD, 4 of 5 of the quarters with smooth IMD, and 8 of 9
      control quarters became infected. Results indicated that abraded IMD increased
      SCC in stripping milk to concentrations that provided 60% protection against
      challenge exposure with S uberis.

PMID- 3400917
TI  - Morphologic alterations observed during experimental ischemia of the equine large
      colon.
AB  - Morphologic changes that develop sequentially in the large colon during
      experimentally induced ischemia were documented in 14 halothane-anesthetized
      horses. Colonic ischemia was induced by 4 types of vascular occlusion, 24 cm
      proximal and distal to the pelvic flexure. The effect of transmural (colonic
      wall) vascular compression combined with either venous occlusion (3 horses, group
      A) or venous and arterial occlusion (3 horses, group B) of the colonic vessels
      was studied for 1, 2, and 6 hours of occlusion. Also observed was the effect of
      reperfusion for 0.5 hour after release of the clamps for the 1- and 2-hour
      occlusions and for 1 hour after release of the clamps for the 6-hour occlusion.
      Effects of occluding only the colonic veins (4 horses, group C), or the colonic
      veins and arteries (4 horses, group D) were studied for 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 hours
      of occlusion and during reperfusion for 0.5 hour. Full-thickness intestinal
      biopsy specimens were obtained from the antimesenteric border of the pelvic
      flexure at 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, and 2 hours during occlusion and at 0.5
      hour after release of vascular occlusion. Biopsy specimens were obtained at
      hourly intervals from the 2 horses in which 6-hour occlusion was performed and at
      1 hour after release of vascular occlusion. Macroscopic changes (serosal color,
      mucosal color, serum leakage) in the colon were recorded.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3400916
TI  - Effects of vaccination of calves against induced Haemophilus somnus pneumonia.
AB  - The efficacy of a killed whole-cell Haemophilus somnus bacterin against induced H
      somnus pneumonia was examined in 10-week-old male calves. Twenty calves were
      assigned to 1 of the 3 following groups: group 1, nonvaccinated controls (n = 4);
      group 2, vaccinated once (n = 8); and group 3, vaccinated twice 14 days apart (n
      = 8). The serum antibody response to vaccination and challenge exposure was
      evaluated by the bacterial agglutination test and solid-phase immunoassay (SPIA).
      Vaccinating calves twice, 14 days apart, significantly (P less than 0.05) reduced
      the severity of clinical signs of pneumonia and gross lesions. Deaths occurred in
      1 of 4 nonvaccinated controls, 1 calf vaccinated once, and none of the calves
      vaccinated twice, 14 days apart. Postvaccination bacterial agglutination titers
      measured 14 days after the final vaccination were not significantly different
      between groups 2 and 3, but SPIA titers were significantly (P less than 0.05)
      higher in groups 2 and 3, compared with those in group 1. The less severe
      clinical signs of pneumonia observed in group-3 calves, compared with those in
      calves in groups 1 and 2, were significantly (P less than 0.01) correlated to
      higher SPIA titers, indicating the protective value of vaccinating twice.

PMID- 3400918
TI  - Early mucosal healing and chronic changes in pony jejunum after various types of
      strangulation obstruction.
AB  - Strangulation obstruction was induced in anesthetized ponies for periods of 2 and
      3 hours by clamping 45-cm segments of jejunum and their veins only (venous
      strangulation obstruction, VSO) and arteries and veins (arterial and venous
      strangulation obstruction, AVSO). These types of strangulation obstruction were
      studied in 4 segments in each of 4 ponies allowed to survive 12 hours (group 1)
      and in a single segment in each of 10 ponies allowed to survive 42 days (group 2)
      after the strangulation period ended. On visual inspection, segments subjected to
      VSO had hemorrhage and edema in the bowel wall and mesentery and were dark purple
      after all time intervals. They improved slowly after clamps were removed, but
      remained hemorrhagic and edematous. Segments subjected to AVSO were purple and
      had mild edema and scattered petechiae in the bowel wall and mesentery. They
      improved rapidly and closely resembled normal bowel after 5 minutes of
      reperfusion. On light and scanning electron microscopy, the mucosa of intestine
      subjected to VSO and AVSO had necrotic, denuded villi 1 hour after the
      strangulation periods ended. Twelve hours after removal of occlusion devices in
      group-1 ponies, 4 (25%) segments were unchanged, 4 (25%) had deteriorated, and 8
      (50%) had stunted villus remnants partly or completely lined with regenerating
      epithelium. Separation and detachment of villus tip mucosal cells were seen in 3
      of 4 control segments, 1 and 12 hours after the strangulation periods
      ended.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3400919
TI  - Renal microcirculatory and correlated histologic changes associated with
      dirofilariasis in dogs.
AB  - Nine 7-month-old Beagle dogs were inoculated with 200 third-stage larvae of
      Dirofilaria immitis. The development of cardiac disease secondary to heartworm
      infection was confirmed by thoracic radiography, echocardiography, and
      angiography with blood pressure measurements. The only indication of renal
      disease was mild-to-moderate proteinuria. The dogs were euthanatized
      approximately 18 months after inoculation. The mean microfilarial count in blood
      at the time of euthanasia was 88,700/ml, with a mean of 89 adult heartworms in
      the vena cavae, heart, and pulmonary arteries. The kidneys were perfused for
      microangiographic and correlative histologic examination of the intrarenal
      microvasculature and associated renal morphologic features. Angiograms of whole
      kidneys from 6 dogs revealed attenuation or truncation of the major renal
      vessels. Microangiograms of all kidney slices revealed attenuation in the
      microangiographic appearance of the glomerular capillaries. Histologic
      examination of all kidney slices revealed mild-to-intense, diffuse, chronic
      interstitial nephritis and generalized membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis.
      Microfilariae were observed within the glomerular capillaries and the medullary
      vessels. The microangiographic changes correlated with and were explained in part
      by the histologic changes in the renal parenchyma.

PMID- 3400921
TI  - In vitro depression of bovine lymphocyte function by treatment of cultured bovine
      lymphocytes with physiologic concentrations of hydrocortisone.
AB  - The effect of hydrocortisone (hydrocortisone sodium succinate) on bovine
      lymphocyte blastogenesis in response to Staphylococcus aureus antigens and
      phytohemagglutinin was measured in vitro. Lymphocytes isolated from the blood of
      cows were treated for 6 to 8 days with physiologic hydrocortisone concentrations
      known to be inducible by environmental stress (10 ng/ml), acute clinical mastitis
      (25 ng/ml), or adrenocorticotropin treatment (45 ng/ml). All 3 concentrations of
      hydrocortisone caused a depression (P less than 0.01) in lymphocyte blastogenesis
      in response to phytohemagglutinin and S aureus antigen extract. Hydrocortisone
      concentrations as low as 10 pg/ml caused a depression in the lymphocyte
      blastogenic response to phytohemagglutinin. Marked variation existed among cows
      in the normal response of their nontreated lymphocytes and in the degree of
      depression of lymphocyte function after the in vitro treatment with
      hydrocortisone. Macrophage depletion experiments showed that the suppressive
      effect of hydrocortisone was not mediated by induction of suppressor macrophages.
      The data suggest that T-cell function was impaired directly by hydrocortisone
      treatment.

PMID- 3400920
TI  - Histologic evaluation of lung and bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue in young
      turkeys infected with Bordetella avium.
AB  - One-day-old turkeys were inoculated intranasally with Bordetella avium.
      Noninoculated hatchmates were housed separately. At postinoculation weeks 1, 2,
      3, 4, and 5, B avium-infected (BA+) and B avium-free (BA-) turkeys were
      necropsied; specimens of tracheas, intrapulmonary primary bronchi, and lung
      adjacent to primary bronchi were bacteriologically cultured. Lung tissue was
      collected for histologic examination. Lungs perfused with acetic acid were
      collected for evaluation to determine the size, number, and distribution of
      lymphoid nodules associated with primary bronchi. Bordetella avium was isolated
      from trachea and primary bronchi of all BA+ turkeys, but was never isolated from
      lung parenchyma. Acute purulent bronchitis was associated with colonization of
      the primary bronchi by B avium from postinoculation weeks 1 to 3. Macrophages and
      lymphocytes persisted in the peribronchial connective tissue for 5 weeks after
      inoculation. Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue consisted of discrete lymphoid
      nodules protruding into the lumens of primary bronchi. Lymphoid nodules,
      morphologically similar in BA+ and BA- turkeys, were composed of nonciliated,
      cuboidal epithelium covering a zone of loosely arranged lymphocytes and
      macrophages and a deeper, sharply demarcated lymphoid follicle. Compared with
      bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue of BA- turkeys, lymphoid nodules of bronchus
      associated lymphoid tissue in BA+ turkeys were more numerous and widely
      distributed along primary bronchi. In both BA- and BA+ turkeys, the mean diameter
      of lymphoid nodules doubled between 1 and 5 weeks of age.

PMID- 3400922
TI  - Effect of levamisole on immune function and reproductive performance in first
      litter gilts.
AB  - First-litter commercial cross-bred gilts were treated with levamisole (1.5, 2.5,
      or 3.5 mg/kg of body weight) weekly during the last 4 weeks of gestation, because
      similar treatment of dairy heifers had improved postpartum maternal health and
      neonatal survival. In the gilts, differences in reproductive performance were not
      found on the basis of pig survival at birth, pig survival at weaning, birth
      weight, or weaning weight. Also, differences between treated and control gilts
      were not found in response of circulating lymphocytes to mitogen stimulation
      (phytohemagglutinin A, concanavalin A, and pokeweed mitogen). In all gilts, the
      lymphocyte response to mitogen stimulation was decreased during the first week
      after farrowing.

PMID- 3400923
TI  - Phenotypic characterization of canine lymphoma, using monoclonal antibodies and a
      microlymphocytotoxicity assay.
AB  - Cells acquired from lymph node biopsy specimens obtained from 58 dogs scheduled
      to undergo chemotherapy for lymphoma were immunophenotyped, using a
      microlymphocytotoxicity (MLCT) assay comprising a panel of well-characterized
      monoclonal antibodies (MAB) specific for canine cell surface antigens. Cells from
      54 of the dogs concurrently were tested cytofluorometrically, using surface
      immunoglobulin (SIg) as a marker for B cells and the MAB DT2 specific for
      peripheral blood T cells. The MLCT results indicated frequent coexpression of
      antigens identified by DT2 antibody and, to a lesser extent, by 1A1 antibody on
      SIg-positive cells, suggesting that these antigens may be associated with other
      types of less-differentiated lymphoid cells, in addition to being associated with
      mature T cells. Class-II major histocompatibility antigens, as recognized by MAB
      H81.98.71, HB10a, and H40.315.7, were detected on most SIg-positive cells, but
      generally were lacking on SIg-negative, DT2-negative cells. The MAB Wig4,
      reactive with canine monocytes, recognized relatively few cells (11 of 58).
      Response to chemotherapy was not correlated with reactivity to MAB DLy6 specific
      for resting lymphocytes or to MAB W3G10 specific for a polymorphic antigen
      associated with the canine major histocompatibility complex. The MLCT assay
      appears to be efficient, rapid, and inexpensive for immunophenotyping cells from
      lymphoma biopsy specimens.

PMID- 3400924
TI  - Experimental definition of latissimus dorsi, gracilis, and rectus abdominus
      musculocutaneous flaps in the dog.
AB  - Dissection and injection studies in canine cadavers and in anesthetized dogs were
      conducted to determine the feasibility of using the latissimus dorsi, gracilis,
      and rectus abdominus muscles as musculocutaneous free flaps. Lengths of vascular
      pedicles for the latissimus dorsi (2 +/- 0.8 cm), gracilis (1.8 +/- 0.8 cm), and
      rectus abdominus (1.9 +/- 0.9-cm cranial deep epigastric, 1.7 +/- 0.5-cm caudal
      deep epigastric), as well as arterial diameters (1.28 +/- 0.31-mm thoracodorsal
      for the latissimus dorsi, 1.10 +/- 0.33-mm muscular branch for the gracilis, 1.25
      +/- 0.25-mm cranial deep epigastric and 1.26 +/- 0.32-mm caudal deep epigastric
      for the rectus abdominus) were considered satisfactory for microvascular
      transfer. Fluorometry demonstrated overlying cutaneous perfusion in all flaps
      based on their muscle vascular pedicles, with the exception of the rectus
      abdominus flap based on the caudal deep epigastric artery. In this instance, up
      to 20% of the cutaneous element had questionable or no perfusion.

PMID- 3400926
TI  - Activity of febantel on natural infections of gastrointestinal helminths in lambs
      in a controlled test.
AB  - The efficacy of febantel paste formulation (6 and 12 mg/kg) against natural
      infections of gastrointestinal helminths in lambs (n = 33) in Kentucky was
      evaluated in a controlled test. For the test, 23 lambs were treated orally (17 at
      6 mg/kg and 6 at 12 mg/kg) and 10 lambs were not treated. Removals at both
      dosages in treated lambs were 95% to 100% for species of immature and mature
      Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, and Cooperia; and mature Ostertagia females,
      Nematodirus, and Strongyloides. For immature Nematodirus, removals were 92% and
      77% at the dosages of 6 and 12 mg/kg, respectively. Only a few specimens (av less
      than 100) of some other species or stages were found in the nontreated group and
      removal of them (at both dosages) were 94% to 100% for Ostertagia (immature and
      males), Strongyloides (immature), Oesophagostomum (immature), and Moniezia
      (mature); and 61% (at 6 mg/kg) and 100% (at 12 mg/kg) for Capillaria (mature), 0%
      for Trichuris (mature, at both dosages), and 67% (at 6 mg/kg) and 100% (at 12
      mg/kg) for Oesophagostomum (mature).

PMID- 3400925
TI  - Response of pony peritoneum to four peritoneal lavage solutions.
AB  - Peritoneal lavage was performed on ponies to determine the effect on peritoneal
      surfaces. Lavage solution (20 L) was introduced into each pony's peritoneal
      cavity through catheters placed in the paralumbar fossa, and the solution was
      removed by drainage from the ventral portion of the abdomen. Six ponies each were
      lavaged with sterile saline (0.9% NaCl) solution, sterile saline solution
      containing 5 X 10(6) U of potassium penicillin and 3 g of neomycin or povidone
      iodine diluted to 3% by volume with sterile saline solution, and 3 ponies were
      lavaged with povidone-iodine diluted to 10% with sterile saline solution.
      Peritoneal lavage catheters were inserted in 3 control ponies, but lavage fluids
      were not administered. Peritoneal fluid specimens were collected at 6, 24, 48,
      and 96 hours after lavage. Nucleated cell counts, RBC counts, total protein
      determinations, and cytologic analysis were performed. The ponies were
      euthanatized at 96 hours, and representative sections of the peritoneum were
      examined. Lavage with saline solution and saline solution with antibiotics
      induced a mild, transient inflammatory response in the peritoneal fluid, with
      minimal or no changes observed at necropsy. Solutions containing povidone-iodine
      induced chemical peritonitis, which was severe in ponies lavaged with 10%
      povidone-iodine solution. Peritoneal lavage with povidone-iodine solutions as
      dilute as 3% cannot be accomplished without causing inflammation of peritoneal
      surfaces.

PMID- 3400927
TI  - Lesions in transplacentally induced toxoplasmosis in goats.
AB  - Fifteen pregnant does were inoculated orally with 10 to 1,000 oocysts of the GT-1
      strain of Toxoplasma gondii. Two does were euthanatized on postinoculation days
      (PID) 10 and 14, and the remaining 13 does aborted or delivered kids
      transplacentally infected with T gondii on PID 9 to 65. Tissues of all 34 fetuses
      or kids from the inoculated does were examined for gross and microscopic lesions.
      Placental necrosis and encephalomyelitis were the most prominent lesions.
      Toxoplasma gondii invaded the fetal placenta between PID 9 and 11 and invaded
      fetal tissues 2 to 3 days later. Necrosis attributed to toxoplasmosis, confined
      to cotyledons, was found in all placentas examined on PID 18. Encephalomyelitis
      was found in most fetuses or kids between PID 30 and 65. Lesions in fetal tissues
      were sparse. Because T gondii is rarely found in lesions, histologic examination
      of the fetal tissues is not likely to help in diagnosing every case of
      transplacentally induced toxoplasmosis in goats.

PMID- 3400928
TI  - Long-term persistence of Toxoplasma gondii in tissues of pigs inoculated with T
      gondii oocysts and effect of freezing on viability of tissue cysts in pork.
AB  - To study the distribution of tissue cysts in porcine tissues, 16 pigs were fed
      oocysts of 4 strains of Toxoplasma gondii (4 pigs/strain). Pigs were euthanatized
      between postinoculation days 103 and 875 and portions of 5 to 14 organs were
      bioassayed in mice and/or cats for T gondii. For bioassays, 50- to 100-g portions
      of tissue were incubated in acidic pepsin solution to free bradyzoites from cysts
      in parenchyma, and washed sediment from the digests of each specimen was
      inoculated SC into mice (6 mice/organ). For bioassays in cats, a 500-g portion or
      whole organ was fed to Toxoplasma-free cats (1 cat/organ). Toxoplasma gondii was
      recovered from tissues of 14 of the 16 pigs (from the brains of 12, hearts of 11,
      tongues of 10, and diaphragms of 6). Toxoplasma gondii was isolated from
      commercial cuts of meat from 5 infected pigs; from the arm picnic and ham of 3,
      Boston butt, spareribs, and tenderloin of 2, and bacon and tailbone of 1.
      Regarding the 4 pigs euthanatized between postinoculation days 759 and 865, cats
      shed T gondii oocysts after the ingestion of hearts of all 4; tongues of 3;
      bacons, hams, arm picnics, Boston butts, spareribs, and diaphragms of 2; and
      livers, kidneys, and tenderloins of 1. Toxoplasma gondii was found to be
      inconsistently distributed among the organs and muscles, but overall, tongue and
      heart were more heavily infected than were other tissues. Tissue cysts in pork
      were rendered nonviable at -12 C for 3 days.

PMID- 3400929
TI  - Distribution of chloramphenicol in the genital tract of postpartum cows.
AB  - Chloramphenicol was administered by constant IV infusion to 7 healthy postpartum
      cows at rates predicted to approach a steady-state plasma concentration of 5
      micrograms/ml. After 8 hours of constant IV infusion, uterine tissues were
      removed surgically and were assayed for chloramphenicol concentrations. Mean
      plasma-to-tissue ratios of chloramphenicol concentrations were 3.05, 3.63 (6 cows
      only), and 3.22 for caruncles, endometrium, and uterine wall, respectively.
      Plasma-to-tissue ratios of the 3 tissues were not significantly different (P
      greater than 0.10). Intrauterine (IU) injections of chloramphenicol (20 mg/kg of
      body weight) were administered to 3 healthy post-partum cows. The mean value of
      the fraction of the drug absorbed from the uteri of these cows was 0.40. Mean
      concentrations of chloramphenicol were 43.8 micrograms/g in caruncles, 34.6
      micrograms/g in endometrium, 2.8 micrograms/g in uterine wall, and 2.9
      micrograms/ml in plasma 8 hours after IU injections. Chloramphenicol has now been
      banned for use in food-producing animals in the United States because of its
      potential for causing toxicosis in human beings. It is illegal to use
      chloramphenicol in food-producing animals in the United States and in some other
      countries as well. This includes use by the IU route of administration because
      chloramphenicol and most drugs are absorbed from the uterus into the bloodstream
      and are distributed to milk and tissues.

PMID- 3400930
TI  - Treatment of clinically normal and cystinuric dogs with 2
      mercaptopropionylglycine.
AB  - In a pharmacokinetic and tolerance study, 2 healthy Beagles were given 13.2 to
      39.5 mg of 2-mercaptopropionylglycine (2-MPG)/kg of body weight orally once daily
      in increasing doses for 3 weeks. A third dog was given 10 mg of 2-MPG/kg of body
      weight, IV. The drug was well tolerated. After these initial studies, 15
      cystinuric dogs were treated with 2-MPG orally once daily for 5 to 45 months and
      with sodium bicarbonate for urine alkalinization and fluid diuresis.
      Pharmacokinetic studies were done in 7 dogs on the third day of oral treatment
      with 2-MPG. After oral administration of 15.6 to 31.3 of 2-MPG/kg of body weight,
      maximal serum/plasma concentrations were from 28.6 to 76.3/mumol/L after 1 to 3
      hours in 6 cystinuric dogs. The mean urinary excretion was 22% (range, 0.3 to
      58.9%) of the dose. Ten of 15 cystinuric dogs had no re-formation of uroliths. Of
      4 dogs with uroliths at the beginning of treatment, 3 had total urolith
      dissolution on continuous treatment. During treatment, further growth of the
      uroliths was inhibited in one dog, and in another dog with re-formed uroliths,
      they dissolved. We concluded that 2-MPG is well tolerated and promising for
      treatment of cystinuric dogs, but the pharmacokinetic studies should be expanded
      to include different dosage regimens, and results of long-term treatment should
      be evaluated. Our recommendations for treatment of dogs with cystine uroliths
      include surgical intervention if the dog has urethral obstruction or has
      dysuria.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3400931
TI  - Aerosolized Micropolyspora faeni antigen as a cause of pulmonary dysfunction in
      ponies with recurrent airway obstruction (heaves).
AB  - Ponies with recurrent airway obstruction (principal ponies) and their controls
      were given aerosolized Micropolyspora faeni antigen via endotracheal tube during
      a period when the principal ponies were in disease remission. In both groups of
      ponies, we performed bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and measured pulmonary function
      at base line, and 5 hours after aerosol administration of 30 ml of 0.9% NaCl
      solution or 30 ml of 1% w/v particulate M faeni antigen in 0.9% NaCl solution. In
      both groups of ponies, aerosolized M faeni antigen increased WBC count,
      neutrophil numbers, and albumin concentration in BAL fluid, but macrophage
      numbers decreased. In the principal ponies, BAL mast cell numbers were decreased
      5 hours after administration of M faeni antigen. The M faeni antigen had no
      effect on the mechanical properties of the lungs or on gas exchange in the
      control ponies, but did increase respiratory frequency minute ventilation and
      pulmonary resistance, and decreased arterial oxygen tension in the principal
      ponies. Changes in pulmonary function were apparent only in the principal ponies,
      which suggests that neutrophils, per se, do not cause pulmonary dysfunction and
      that M faeni may be one of the etiologic agents involved in chronic obstructive
      pulmonary disease.

PMID- 3400932
TI  - Anatomic and radiologic observations of the clavicle of adult dogs.
AB  - In an anatomic and radiologic study of the clavicle of 50 adult dogs of 10
      breeds, the clavicle had ossified in 96% of the dogs. The clavicles studied had
      various shapes, and each clavicle was attached to the caudomedial part of the
      clavicular intersection of the brachiocephalic muscle, to the mastoid part of the
      cleidocephalic muscle, and to 4 radiating bands of connective tissue fasciculi.
      One band was attached to the caudal border of the scapula and fascia deep to the
      latissimus dorsi muscle, 1 was attached to the manubrium of the sternum, and 1
      each was attached to the epimysia of the superficial pectoral and sternocephalic
      muscles. We concluded that, during movements of the thoracic limb, the clavicle
      and the 4 fasciculated connective tissue bands associated with it stabilize the
      position of the brachiocephalic muscle with relation to the crest of the greater
      tubercle of the humerus. Also, the fasciculated band attached to the caudal
      border of the scapula provides protection for nerves from the brachial plexus and
      axillary blood vessels that supply the thoracic limb.

PMID- 3400933
TI  - Multielement assay of perinatal lamb livers by inductively coupled argon plasma
      emission spectroscopy.
AB  - During the 1986 lambing season, 33 Michigan sheep producers submitted all lambs
      that had died before weaning to the Michigan State University Diagnostic
      Laboratory for necropsy. Inductively coupled argon plasma emission spectroscopy
      was used to measure 22 elements in the liver of 888 of the lambs submitted. Mean
      concentrations of each element were established and compared with literature
      values of established deficient, normal, and toxic concentrations. Mean values in
      milligrams per kilogram of wet weight were as follows: Al, 3.843; As, less than
      1; Ba, 0.176; Ca, 128.2; Cr, 0.778; Cu, 56.82; Fe, 491.6; Hg, less than 2; K,
      2,150; Mg, 138.4; Mn, 2.776; Mo, 0.489; Na, 1,384; P, 2,583; Pb, 1,453; Sb, less
      than 1; Tl, less than 5; Zn, 68.31. In only 11 lambs did the liver contain As, B,
      Cd, Co, Hg, Sb, Se, or Tl in detectable concentrations.

PMID- 3400934
TI  - Dermal dysplasia characterized by collagen disorder-related skin fragility in a
      cow.
AB  - Holstein cow 1 was examined because of skin fragility and delayed healing of skin
      wounds, which were markedly exacerbated around the time of parturition. A skin
      biopsy sample was obtained, and light microscopy revealed irregular deposition of
      thin collagen fibers in a dermal matrix. Although diffuse inflammation did not
      occur, the number of plump fibroblasts was increased. Electron microscopy
      revealed poor construction of collagen fibrils in the dermal matrix. Biochemical
      analysis of the dermis revealed a normal amount of collagen and uronic acid, but
      sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed an increased
      proportion of soluble alpha-, beta-, and gamma-collagen chains of normal
      molecular weights. Neither procollagen nor its intermediates devoid of amino- or
      carboxy-terminal extension peptide were observed. Dermal collagen from cow 1 was
      more soluble in a neutral salt solvent, 0.5M acetic acid, and the acid containing
      pepsin than was dermal collagen from healthy cow 2. The peptic digestion profile
      of dermis from cow 1 revealed a lowered degree of intermolecular cross-linking
      and destabilization of helical structure in the dermis collagen. The extrahelical
      peptic cleavage of collagen before cyanogen bromide digestion resulted in release
      of more fragments derived from carboxy-terminal part of alpha 1 chains in dermis
      of cow 1 than in dermis of healthy cow 2.

PMID- 3400935
TI  - [Spanish Annals of Pediatrics. Report of the 3-year period 1985-1987].

PMID- 3400936
TI  - [Ischemic cerebrovascular accidents in childhood].
AB  - Authors review 53 children, aged 0 to 14 years, affected with cerebrovascular
      ischemic strokes. Largest aetiological groups were: a) congenital heart disease,
      16 patients; b) arteritis of unknown cause, 11; c) idiopathic arterial occlusion
      without arteritis images on angiography, 7; d) moyamoya disease, 6; and d) local
      or systemic infections, 5. The mode of onset was as completed stroke in 72% and
      stroke in evolution in 24%. After acute stage 17.6% of patients presented other
      definitive strokes, 11.7% suffered only transient ischemic strokes (TIA), and 4%
      reversible ischemic neurologic deficits (RIND). Mean follow-up was 4.36 years,
      9.8% of patients died, 11.8% recovered completely and 52.9% improved after
      initial stroke. Poor global evolution was associated with heart disease (p less
      than 0.05) and with onset of strokes before age 2 (p less than 0.05). Most
      important sequelae, besides motor impairment, were epilepsy (49%) and mental
      retardation (50% got less than IQ 80). Late epilepsy was associated with seizures
      at onset (p less than 0.05). Clinical factors of adverse mental development were:
      a) seizures at onset, b) late epilepsy and c) stroke before age 2. 66% of cases
      had two or more arterial lesions in the same or in different arterial trees.
      Therefore, embolic and arteritic factors probably play an important role in
      infancy and childhood stroke.

PMID- 3400937
TI  - [Mediterranean spotted fever in childhood. Prospective study of 130 cases].
AB  - Authors present a prospective study of 130 cases of Mediterranean spotted fever
      treated between 1983 and 1985 in two Departments of Paediatrics of the Valles
      Occidental, area near Barcelona. Thirty-eight percent of the children came from
      suburban areas, an urban areas, an urban or rural origin being less frequent.
      Previous contacts with dogs existed in 86% of the cases. Most frequent clinical
      signs were fever (100%) maculo-papular rash (97%) and arthromyalgias (70%). The
      "tache noire" was found in 87% of the cases. Presence of arthritis in two
      patients is underlined. Indirect immunofluorescence to Rickettsia conorii was
      positive (much greater than 1/40) in 75% of the cases. All patients improved
      after treatment with tetracycline or erythromycin. There were no relapse.

PMID- 3400939
TI  - [Influence of parity and legitimacy on late fetal mortality in Castilla-Leon].
AB  - Biological and social factors affecting of late fetal death (LFD), made up by
      those dead births of twenty eight or more weeks gestation, are studied. Influence
      of parity (birth order) and civil status of mother (single, married) are analysed
      in Castilla-Leon during 1975-1979 through Logit models. Between the hierarchical
      non permeated models, considered before, it was choose the one made out of
      (parity X status) (year). If we make a detailed fitting, civil status as main
      effect is eliminated, obtaining a new model: (parity) (year) (parity X status). A
      constant tendency to decrease LFD during the studied years is observed. It is
      pointing out the importance of the whole study, about parity and civil status, as
      an explanatory factor of this mortality.

PMID- 3400938
TI  - [Hemodynamic course in relation to mechanical ventilation in the postoperative
      period of extracorporeal surgery in children].
AB  - Hemodynamic evolution and its relationship with the factors that have an effect
      upon gaseous exchange, during the early phase after extracorporeal circulation in
      sixty nine children, are reviewed. They are divided into three groups: group I
      (APH), arterial pulmonary hypertension; group II (OF), overflow, and group III
      (C), control. Results in the three phases of mechanical ventilation (IPPV, IMV
      and CPAP), are compared. We found that only in group I (APH), the pulmonary
      mechanics was altered. The programmed hyperventilation (IPPV) in group III (C),
      underlie the results of correlation between ventilatory and hemodynamic
      parameters with the oxygenation. There are high pulmonary vascular resistance in
      group I (APH); this explains the positive correlation between diastolic pulmonary
      arterial pressure and cardiac output. There are a good right ventricle function
      in I (APH) and III (C) groups. The hemodynamic patterns in IPPV are not depending
      on the pulmonary state.

PMID- 3400940
TI  - [Influence of atmospheric changes on childhood bronchial pathology].
AB  - Influence of pollution of bronchial pathology in children, over 5 years (1978
      1982) in Barcelona was studied. Index of contamination (mainly SO2 and fumes were
      measured daily at 18 points of city. Average values were compared with the
      children seen in the Emergency Service in the Children's Hospital "Valle de
      Hebron" of Barcelona. Results have been statistically studied. In conclusion,
      there were a relation between number of respiratory problems and levels of
      atmospheric contamination.

PMID- 3400941
TI  - [Significance of IgG serum levels in cystic fibrosis].
AB  - IgG serum levels were measured in 25 patients with cystic fibrosis aged 1 to 19
      years and in 4 additional patients deceased over the last 4 years. Levels were
      correlated with a number of parameters. Twelve patients (group A) had raised IgG
      levels, and 17 (group B) normal or low levels. Age between groups did not differ.
      Patients in group A had lower Shwachman score (p less than 0.001), worse Chrispin
      and Norman radiologic score (p less than 0.05), lower weight (p less than 0.001)
      and height (p less than 0.05) and lower FVC (p less than 0.05), and FEV1 (p less
      than 0.01). Raised levels were associated with increased number of serum
      precipitins against Pseudomonas aeruginosa but not against Staphylococcus aureus.
      Raised IgG levels might be secondary to heavier bronchial infection, but there is
      growing evidence that immunologic response in cystic fibrosis may worsen the
      course of the disease.

PMID- 3400943
TI  - [Phenylketonuria. Treatment and developmental control].
AB  - We evaluated annually the compliance of dietary restriction, weight, height, head
      circumference EEG and IQ score on 16 children with phenylketonuria comparing the
      children diagnosed early with those later. The compliance was good in children
      treated early and bad in the others. Height and head circumference was normal in
      all children and we found a tendency towards obesity in the older ones. The IQ
      score was lower than 80 in 77% of the children diagnosed later and in those the
      EEG showed slow basal activity in 55%.

PMID- 3400942
TI  - [Prospective study of equinovarus foot in 20,000 live newborn infants].
AB  - We report a prospective study about congenital clubfoot in 20,000 alive newborns
      and also a critical analysis about the treatment results. The frequency was 1.65
      per thousand and sex ratio almost 2:1 for males. In springtime the incidence was
      higher. Surgical treatment was performed in less than 50% of the affected feet.
      There were excellent and good results in 90% of the feet.

PMID- 3400945
TI  - [Neonatal care. Recommendations and bases for adequate care. Section of
      Neonatology of the Spanish Association of Pediatrics].

PMID- 3400944
TI  - [Desquamative interstitial pneumonia in an infant].
AB  - It is described a desquamative interstitial pneumonia diagnosed by open biopsy of
      the lung, in a nine-month-old infant. The disease began at about two-months-old,
      with underdevelopment and evolution to progressive respiratory insufficiency that
      finished with the exitus at nine-months-old, before the initiation of the
      treatment with steroid. It is commented the bad prognostic in young infants
      diagnosed during the first year of life, questioning the utility of separate the
      desquamative interstitial pneumonia of the usual interstitial pneumonia in
      infants less than one-year-old.

PMID- 3400946
TI  - [Fluoride content of Spanish dentifrices and recommendations for its use in
      pediatrics].
AB  - A study about ion "F" concentrations in 48 different Spanish market dentifrices
      is presented. The author makes advice and recommendations about the use of
      dentifrices in children taken in account of on age.

PMID- 3400948
TI  - [Basan's syndrome: dominant autosomal hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia].

PMID- 3400950
TI  - [Ureteral polyp as a cause of hydronephrosis in a boy].

PMID- 3400947
TI  - [Hypercalciuria as a possible cause of recurrent hematuria in childhood].

PMID- 3400951
TI  - [Castleman disease in children: a new case].

PMID- 3400949
TI  - [Severe hypophosphatemia and coma with neurologic focus in an infant].

PMID- 3400952
TI  - Intravitreal toxicity of bovine cartilage extract (Catrix-S): a biologic response
      modifier.
AB  - The intravitreal toxicity of Catrix, a biologic response modifier, was evaluated.
      A dose of up to 5 mg did not cause a toxic reaction in the ocular structures.

PMID- 3400954
TI  - Corneal involvement in Reye syndrome.
AB  - Classic Reye syndrome and its sequelae have been described repeatedly in recent
      literature without any correlations to ocular pathology. To our knowledge, this
      is the first reported case of stromal infiltration and pannus formation
      associated with this disorder.

PMID- 3400955
TI  - Protective effect of occlusion on disciform degeneration.
AB  - One patient developed disciform degeneration and loss of central vision despite
      laser application. Sixty-two years before, the contralateral eye had sustained a
      penetrating steel injury with subsequent scarring and pupillary membrane and
      cataract formation. This eye, when surgically rehabilitated, showed no signs of
      macular degeneration. Although alluded to, we know of no other known cases of
      occluded eyes being spared of senile macular degeneration reported in the
      literature. We postulate that unfiltered, ambient light may be the cause of
      macular degeneration and suggest that more emphasis should be placed on
      prevention of macular degeneration by the use of protective eye wear.

PMID- 3400953
TI  - Recurrent closure of neodymium: YAG laser iridotomies requiring multiple
      treatments in pseudophakic pupillary block.
AB  - We present a rare case of repeated closure of Nd:YAG laser iridotomies and
      recurrent iris bombe configuration with angle-closure attacks in a pseudophakic
      eye. Until recently, patent Nd:YAG laser iridotomies were considered incapable of
      being closed, and the only reported closure was in an eye with concomitant
      iritis. Our patient developed iris bombe five times following extracapsular
      extraction, anterior vitrectomy, and anterior-chamber intraocular lens
      implantation. The first occurred following closure of the surgical iridectomy;
      the next three times, following closure of previously patent Nd:YAG iridotomies;
      and the final episode occurred despite patent iridotomies. This last time one
      drop of pilocarpine 2% was administered and resulted in immediate iris flattening
      and reopening of the third iridotomy. Possible mechanisms for closure of the
      Nd:YAG iridotomies in this case are discussed. We suggest the combination of
      Nd:YAG laser iridotomies and the stretching of the iris by pilocarpine might have
      liberated the trapped aqueous humor behind the iris, maintaining the patency of
      the iridotomies and the depth of the anterior chamber.

PMID- 3400957
TI  - Scleral buckling for retinal separation: with and without encirclement.
AB  - Two similar patient populations with previously unoperated, atraumatic,
      rhegmatogenous retinal separations were surgically treated using the same
      technique with encircling elements in one series (290 eyes) and without
      encircling elements in the other (463 eyes). Nine percent of the encircled group
      remained detached compared with 7.6% in the other group. The reason for ultimate
      surgical failure in both groups was proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Encirclement
      offered no advantage with respect to surgical success.

PMID- 3400956
TI  - Contact-lens correction of aphakic infants and children: early behavioral and VEP
      results.
AB  - We studied 11 infants and young children fitted with contact lenses for
      correction of unilateral or bilateral aphakia. The visual-acuity estimates
      obtained from behavioral cues (alternate-cover test and central-fixation
      monitoring) were compared with results obtained from pattern-reversal visual
      evoked potentials (VEP). We conclude that VEP may be more sensitive than
      behavioral observation for monitoring the visual progress in certain aphakic
      children.

PMID- 3400958
TI  - The effect of YAG laser anterior capsulotomy on prostaglandin concentration in
      aqueous humor.
AB  - The YAG (yttrium aluminum garnet) laser has been recommended for anterior
      capsulotomies. One major complication is elevated intraocular pressure. We report
      a study of the biochemical content of the aqueous humor after a YAG laser
      anterior capsulotomy. We analyzed 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha, thromboxane B2
      and protein concentrations in the aqueous humor of human eyes. The average values
      of protein, 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha, and thromboxane B2 in the control eyes
      were 81.3 +/- 14.0 mg/dL, 17 +/- 30 pg/mL, and 10 +/- 10 pg/mL, respectively.
      These values were elevated to 182.4 +/- 81.3 mg/dL, 401 +/- 55 pg/mL, and 576 +/-
      148 pg/mL, respectively, after YAG laser anterior capsulotomy. The samples with a
      moderate level of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (less than 300 pg/mL) had
      negligible changes of thromboxane. The elevation of thromboxane was obvious only
      when prostaglandin levels rose above 300 pg/mL.

PMID- 3400959
TI  - [Babesia choloepi n. sp. (Apicomplexa, Piroplasmida), a parasite of the two-toed
      sloth, Choloepus didactylus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Xenarthra, Bradypodidae), in French
      Guiana].
AB  - A two-toed sloth (Choloepus didactylus) from French Guiana showed an erythrocytic
      parasite morphologically related to the Babesiidae family, and described as
      Babesia choloepi. It is the first Babesia species described in the Edentata
      order.

PMID- 3400960
TI  - [New atractid nematode parasites of the chimpanzee and gorilla in Gabon].
AB  - Females of the genus Probstmayria, collected in feces of wild Chimpanzees and
      Gorillas, living in the Lope-Okanda reserve in Gabon, are described. The cephalic
      structures of P. gombensis File, 1976 from Chimpanzee and P. gabonensis n. sp.
      from Gorilla are similar to those of the other species of the genus. In contrast,
      the cephalic structures of P. inversa n. sp. from Chimpanzee and P. goodallae n.
      sp. from Gorilla are unusual; they have an inverse symmetry (one ventral lip and
      two latero-dorsal lips). The original characteristics of the genus Probstmayria
      are analysed.

PMID- 3400961
TI  - [Development of the filaria Monanema martini in the epidermis of ixodid ticks].
AB  - Morphological and histological analysis of the larval development of Monanema
      martini, a filaria with skin dwelling microfilariae. The vectors are the hexapod
      larvae of Rhipicephalus sanguineus, R. turanicus and H. truncatum; the filarial
      infective stages appear during the larval-nymph moult of the vector (11 days at
      26 degrees C). This species, and in our opinion the other species of Monanema,
      have a complete development in the epidermis of the ticks. Hard-ticks (Ixodidae)
      appear to be the main vectors of filariae with skin-dwelling microfilariae
      belonging to Dipetalonema evolutionary line: Yatesia, Cherylia,
      Cercopithifiliaria, Monanema.

PMID- 3400962
TI  - [The experimental pathogenic effect of Spiroplasma isolated from mosquitoes on
      the hatching of Aedes aegypti ova and the growth of larva hatched from these
      eggs].
AB  - The authors did study the experimental effects on Aedes aegypti ova of different
      Spiroplasma strains, isolated from mosquitoes in French Savoy and in Taiwan. The
      SP7 strain, from Armigeres subalbatus (Taiwan), demonstrates a true pathogenic
      effect on the larval evolution, without sex ratio modifications, nor bacterial
      transmission to the adult mosquitoes. The authors present their results and
      emphasize the difficult use of Spiroplasmas sp.

PMID- 3400963
TI  - [Kawasaki syndrome. Current aspects].

PMID- 3400964
TI  - [Neonatal panniculitis].

PMID- 3400965
TI  - [Vitiligo in children].

PMID- 3400966
TI  - [Pruritus in children].

PMID- 3400967
TI  - [Gardner-Diamond syndrome and psychogenic purpura. Case report of a 16-year-old
      adolescent].

PMID- 3400968
TI  - [Immature angioma: therapeutic indications].

PMID- 3400969
TI  - [Photoprotection in children].

PMID- 3400971
TI  - [Lesions in subclinical coccidial infection in penned lambs].
AB  - Coproscopic examination at 21, 60 and 90 days have shown various coccidia species
      in lambs belonging to three different farms. These animals slaughtered for
      butchery between 100 and 120 days have been sampled for lesions in the small
      intestine. We tried to determine if the site or structure of lesions could be
      linked to a special kind of coccidia. The results we obtained cannot answer this
      question, may be because in natural conditions there is not a monospecific
      coccidia infection, may be because the lambs did not suffer from a clinical
      coccidiosis, certainly because there is not a compulsory link between oocyst
      found in feces by coproscopy and the species of coccidia which evolve in the
      intestinal mucosa.

PMID- 3400970
TI  - [Pharmacokinetic study of chloramphenicol in the rabbit].
AB  - Chloramphenicol was administered intravenously and orally at a dose of 50 mg/kg
      to ten rabbits. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated (rate constant of
      terminal phase: beta = 0.21 +/- 0.09 1/h, total body clearance: Cl = 22.7 +/- 2.1
      ml/min.kg, bioavailability: F = 42.5 +/- 11.9%) and were used to discuss the
      proposed dosage. However, caecotrophy might occur and increase absorption of
      chloramphenicol.

PMID- 3400972
TI  - Oxolinic acid in the trout: bioavailability and tissue residues.
AB  - A study was performed on the serum bioavailability and tissue elimination of
      oxolinic acid in the trout. The compound was added to the diet and administered
      at a dosage-level of 12 mg/kg/day for 7 consecutive days. The study utilized an
      analytical technique, high performance liquid chromatography, which has been
      described in detail here. The results obtained demonstrate that serum
      concentrations higher than the MIC for the control of the target pathogens
      (Aeromonas and Yersinia) can by sustained throughout the treatment period. The
      same positive results were observed in the tissues. Besides, on the base of a
      tolerance level of 0.05 ppm for the residue levels of oxolinic acid in the edible
      tissues (muscle mass and skin), a withdrawal time of six days after interruption
      of the prescribed treatment can be proposed.

PMID- 3400973
TI  - Differentiation of an epiperiosteal sheath in avian hyperostosis induced by
      myeloblastosis associated virus MAV-2 (0).
AB  - If myeloblastosis associated virus MAV-2(0) is injected in chick embryos, it
      causes a severe, irreversible and generalized hyperostosis which subsequently
      follows a chronic course. An epiperiosteal sheath forms at the site of the
      lesion, whose development follows that of the hyperostosis. The sheath contains
      not only cell infiltrates, blood vessels and myoblasts, but also highly
      specialized cells such as Pacinian corpuscles. The structural lesions are
      absolutely different from these described in human, mammal or avian spontaneous
      or induced osteopetrosis. Our initial description of the "hyperostosis" is
      confirmed by observation of this sheath surrounding the pathological bone: it is
      a monodermic, mesenchymal, pluritissular tumor. The role of the virus is
      discussed: it probably acts early, when mesenchymal stem cells differentiate.

PMID- 3400975
TI  - Changes in plasma ionised calcium concentration during paediatric cardiopulmonary
      bypass surgery.

PMID- 3400974
TI  - [Lipoprotein profile of the lactating cow].
AB  - The profile of serum lipoproteins in the dairy cow in the 8th week of lactation
      was studied with different techniques: sequential ultracentrifugation, selective
      precipitation, gel filtration. The dairy cow has characteristically low levels of
      triglycerides and VLDL (d less than 1.006 g/ml). Most of the circulating lipids
      are related to HDL (d = 1.063-1.21 g/ml). The fraction that corresponds to LDL (d
      = 1.006-1.063 g/ml) has some features of alpha and beta lipoproteins. An
      electrophoretic study of fractions isolated by agarose gel filtration shows a
      progressive alpha and beta mobility transition between LDL and HDL. This study
      demonstrates that the density interval 1.006-1.063 g/ml contains LDL and "light"
      HDL.

PMID- 3400976
TI  - An isotonic potassium chloride liquid junction minimises the effects of ionic
      strength, protein and haematocrit on ionised calcium measurement.
AB  - When the reference electrode liquid junction of a Nova 2 analyser was changed to
      isotonic potassium chloride, increasing the ionic strength of aqueous solutions
      containing a constant total calcium concentration had a negligible effect on
      measured ionised calcium. In contrast, measurements using hypertonic potassium
      chloride, hypertonic sodium formate and isotonic sodium chloride liquid junctions
      showed significant sample ionic strength effects. Interferences by sample protein
      concentration and haematocrit were marked with hypertonic, but negligible with
      isotonic junctions. Ionised calcium values in samples containing 25 mmol/L
      acetate, bicarbonate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, lactate or pyruvate were all lower by
      6-7% with an isotonic than a hypertonic potassium chloride junction. Thus, anions
      that replace bicarbonate during metabolic acidosis have a similar effect on
      residual liquid junction potential. The clinical usefulness of an isotonic
      potassium chloride liquid junction needs to be evaluated.

PMID- 3400977
TI  - Urinary excretion of HMMA and HVA in infants.
AB  - Gas chromatography with flame ionisation detection has been used to establish the
      normal urinary excretion values of homovanillic acid and 4-hydroxy-3
      methoxymandelic acid in 808 infants aged 6 months. This study, the essential pre
      requisite for population screening for neuroblastoma in babies, reveals a mean
      homovanillic acid of 10.9 mumol/mmol creatinine and mean 4-hydroxy-3
      methoxymandelic of 6.8 mumol/mmol creatinine. The upper 95% confidence interval
      were 25.5 mumol/mmol creatinine for homovanillic acid and 15.0 mumol/mmol
      creatinine for 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymandelic. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry
      analysis of the 39 samples, (4.8%) with apparent increased excretion of one or
      both metabolites, revealed that this was, in each case, due to interfering peaks
      on chromatography.

PMID- 3400978
TI  - Reduction of neonatal blood eliminates the error induced by oxygen saturation in
      the spectrophotometric measurement of carboxyhaemoglobin.
AB  - Blood carboxyhaemoglobin (COHb) is a sensitive index of haemolysis and has been
      used in assessing the cause of different types of neonatal jaundice. Although the
      introduction of automated spectrophotometry provides rapid and accurate
      measurement in adult blood, in neonates oxygenated foetal haemoglobin (HbF) is
      thought to interfere with COHb measurement. In an attempt to eliminate this
      problem, the haemoglobin in neonatal blood was reduced with sodium dithionite.
      Cord blood from 50 infants was measured before and after reduction using an IL
      282 co-oximeter; COHb levels fell after reduction. A significant positive
      correlation was found between apparent COHb% and oxygenation of cord blood. In
      contrast, no significant correlation was found between these parameters in adult
      blood where COHb values remained the same or rose slightly after reduction. In 20
      healthy non-icteric neonates the mean reduced blood COHb value was not
      significantly different from the mean COHb value of 23 healthy non-smoking
      adults. We suggest that COHb in neonatal blood can be simply and accurately
      measured by the IL-282 co-oximeter provided that the blood is fully reduced.

PMID- 3400979
TI  - Effects of long-term haemodialysis on lipid, lipoprotein and apolipoprotein
      levels of black patients with chronic renal failure.
AB  - Premature coronary artery disease is believed to be a major cause of death in
      patients undergoing long-term haemodialysis. We investigated the effects of
      chronic maintenance haemodialysis on lipid, lipoprotein and apolipoprotein levels
      of 42 black patients with chronic renal failure and compared them with those of
      40 age- and sex-matched black controls to determine the changes in the
      lipoprotein profile and their possible contributions to increased risk of
      coronary heart disease in these patients. There were increases in triglyceride
      levels and in total/high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratios and decreases in
      high density lipoprotein cholesterol, in LDL cholesterol, in apolipoprotein AI
      and in apolipoprotein AII in haemodialysis patients in comparison to controls. No
      significant differences were observed in any of the lipid, lipoprotein and
      apolipoprotein levels between male and female patients and between patients
      receiving anti-hypertensive therapy and those who were not. Our findings suggest
      that haemodialysis and/or events associated with maintenance dialysis may
      contribute to unfavourable variations in lipoprotein metabolism and, in turn, the
      increased mortality from coronary artery disease in this patient population.

PMID- 3400980
TI  - Immunoturbidimetric measurement of serum retinol-binding protein in renal and
      hepatic disease.
AB  - Serum retinol-binding protein (RBP), with a biological half-life of less than 12
      h, is a useful indicator of liver or kidney dysfunction. An automated
      immunoturbidimetric assay for the measurement of RBP has been developed using the
      Cobas-BIO centrifugal analyser and commercially available materials. Serum
      samples with RBP concentrations as low as 3 mg/L were measured. Within-run and
      day-to-day imprecision were 3.7 and 5.7%, respectively. The reference range (mean
      +/- 2SD) for 51 adults was 17 to 61 mg/L. Slight haemolysis of serum (haemoglobin
      10 g/L) resulted in an apparent 8% reduction of RBP with greater interference at
      higher haemoglobin concentrations. However, bilirubin in concentrations up to
      0.15 g/L did not interfere with RBP measurements. There was good correlation
      between immunoturbidimetry and a commercial radial immunodiffusion method. Serum
      RBP concentrations were decreased in liver disease and increased in renal
      failure.

PMID- 3400982
TI  - Biological variation of serum and urine creatinine and creatinine clearance:
      ramifications for interpretation of results and patient care.
AB  - Analytical and intra- and inter-individual components of variation were assessed
      over a 40-week period in 15 apparently healthy subjects, seven men and eight
      women, for serum creatinine, urine creatinine expressed in both concentration and
      output terms, and creatinine clearance, both uncorrected and corrected to
      standard surface area of 1.73 m2. Serum creatinine, even when considered
      separately for men and women, has marked individuality, and conventional
      population-based reference ranges are consequently of limited value. In contrast,
      urinary creatinine and creatinine clearance have less individuality, and
      reference ranges are more useful. Desirable analytical standards are not attained
      for serum creatinine assays, but are achieved for urine creatinine and clearance
      determinations. Creatinine clearance is, therefore, the favoured first-line test
      for initial assessment of patients. However, the small critical difference
      required for two serum creatinine results to be significantly different, and the
      comparatively large critical difference for clearance, make serial serum
      creatinine assays more useful for monitoring individuals.

PMID- 3400981
TI  - An automated method for the kinetic measurement of ferroxidase activity.
AB  - The oxidase activity of caeruloplasmin towards Fe II (ferroxidase) appears to be
      of physiological significance both in iron metabolism and as a serum anti
      oxidant. We have developed an automated assay for ferroxidase using a centrifugal
      analyser. The method is quick and precise, and is not subject to interference by
      haemolysis, jaundice or lipaemia. Ferroxidase activities correlate significantly
      with caeruloplasmin and copper concentrations. Normal reference ranges have been
      measured.

PMID- 3400983
TI  - An assessment of the value of biochemical fetoplacental function tests in
      detecting intrauterine growth retardation.
AB  - Four serum biochemical fetoplacental function tests (HPL, unconjugated and total
      oestriol and AFP) were used to screen for intrauterine growth retardation in 793
      patients attending an antenatal clinic. The birthweight corrected for sex, birth
      ranking and maternal size was used as an index of growth. The sensitivity and
      specificity of each test was calculated at varying cut-off points and plotted as
      'Receiver Operator Curves'. HPL is clearly better than the oestriols or AFP with
      80% sensitivity in detecting birth weights of less than the 5th centile when the
      25th HPL centile is used as the cut-off point. However, the sensitivity of HPL is
      sufficiently low to make the value of screening questionable, particularly since
      40% of all growth retarded infants were in mothers who did not attend antenatal
      clinic for screening and 25% of all growth retarded infants were detected by
      clinical examination.

PMID- 3400984
TI  - Bone density and cortical thickness in nutritional vitamin D deficiency: effect
      of secondary hyperparathyroidism.
AB  - Measurements of bone mineral index, mean metacarpal cortical thickness, plasma
      calcium, alkaline phosphatase and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and parathyroid
      hormone concentrations were carried out in 39 Asian vegetarian patients with
      hypovitaminosis D. It was concluded that PTH is probably the major determinant of
      osteopenia in patients with osteomalacia and secondary hyperparathyroidism; and
      that the presence of secondary hyperparathyroidism in association with
      hypovitaminosis D should be an absolute indication for vitamin D supplementation
      even in asymptomatic patients.

PMID- 3400985
TI  - Diagnostic limitations of region-specific parathyroid hormone assays in the
      investigation of hypercalcaemia.
AB  - Assays for N-terminus, C-terminus and mid-molecule parathyroid hormone have been
      assessed with respect to their sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of
      primary hyperparathyroidism (1 degree HPT). The mid-molecule assay was the most
      sensitive method studied and only failed to identify one out of 30 patients with
      histologically proven 1 degree HPT. In all three assays there was some degree of
      overlap between results observed in 1 degree HPT and in patients with non
      parathyroid hypercalcaemia, with results in the latter group sometimes falling
      well within the hyperparathyroid range. This study highlights the limitations of
      currently available methods and emphasises the need for caution in the
      interpretation of parathyroid hormone (PTH) measurements.

PMID- 3400986
TI  - A sensitive direct radioimmunoassay for assessing D-norgestrel levels in human
      plasma.
AB  - A direct radioimmunoassay was developed for assessing the levonorgestrel levels
      in human plasma without the need for heat, chromatographic or extraction
      pretreatment. D-norgestrel-3 (0-carboxymethyl)-oximino-BSA conjugate was used to
      raise antibodies having a low binding affinity towards other endogenous steroids.
      The rivanol-purified antiserum after dilution was used as the binding protein.
      The direct assay of levonorgestrel in human plasma was then compared to an
      extraction procedure. Lower intra-assay variability was shown by the direct assay
      when compared to the extraction method used at a sensitivity level of 0.15
      nmol/L. The performance of the direct assay in quality control tests was more
      than favourable when compared with the extraction procedure. An examination of
      the effects of protein concentration on extraction efficiency was carried out
      together with an assessment of levonorgestrel levels in plasma in eight normal
      healthy women currently taking oral contraceptives and eight women who were not,
      at 0-24 h after the ingestion of 150 micrograms of D-NG and 30 micrograms of
      ethynyl oestradiol.

PMID- 3400987
TI  - Radioimmunoassay for 6-sulphatoxymelatonin in urine using an iodinated tracer.
AB  - A radioimmunoassay (RIA) for urinary 6-sulphatoxymelatonin (aMT6s) using an 125I
      aMT6s tracer is described. Iodinated aMT6s used as the label was synthesised by
      direct iodination of aMT6s using 1,3,4,6 tetrachloro 3,6 diphenylglycouril as the
      oxidant. The assay shows low cross reactivity with related compounds. Serial
      dilutions of 1:250 and 1:125 diluted urine gave parallel displacement curves.
      Comparison of the new RIA using 125I-aMT6s with the RIA using 3H-aMT6s label gave
      good correlation, as did comparison with a gas chromatography mass spectroscopy
      (GCMS) for total free and conjugated 6-hydroxymelatonin.

PMID- 3400988
TI  - The analysis of urinary meta- and para-tyramine by gas chromatography with
      electron-capture detection.
AB  - A simple, reliable method for the analysis of urinary meta- and para-tyramine has
      been developed. Sample purification was achieved by a weak anion-exchange column,
      followed by extraction into ethyl acetate at pH 10.2. The heptafluorobutyryl
      derivative was measured by packed column gas chromatography with electron-capture
      detection, using para-hydroxyphenylpropylamine as internal standard. The results
      agreed well with those obtained by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The
      daily output of unconjugated and conjugated meta- and para-tyramine by 23 adults
      was measured. In consecutive 24 h urine samples from a single subject there was
      little day-to-day variation in the level of excretion of unconjugated meta- and
      para-tyramine, whereas the conjugated amines exhibited marked fluctuations.

PMID- 3400989
TI  - Analysis of proteinuria using a commercial system for automated electrophoresis
      and isoelectric focusing.
AB  - We describe an investigation of proteinuria using Pharmacia PhastSystemTM
      electrophoresis apparatus. The analysis of urinary proteins by sodium dodecyl
      sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of unconcentrated urine
      followed by silver staining took about 2 h and could clearly demonstrate tubular
      dysfunction or glomerular damage in urines with a negative or only trace-positive
      dip-stick test for protein. In addition, we show the identification of urinary
      proteins by immunoblotting from SDS-PAGE gels and the characterisation of Bence
      Jones proteins by isoelectric focusing (IEF) and immunoblotting.

PMID- 3400990
TI  - The measurement of serum unsaturated iron-binding capacity in the presence of
      iron-dextran.
AB  - The standard colorimetric methods most often used for the measurement of serum
      unsaturated iron binding capacity (UIBC) are subject to gross interference by
      iron dextran. This paper describes a brief evaluation of an alternative
      radiometric assay for serum UIBC, based on a commercially available kit method,
      but incorporating a modification to the manufacturer's protocol. The effects of
      iron dextran on the assay were determined.

PMID- 3400991
TI  - Changes in sex steroid and gonadotrophin concentrations during treatment of
      Graves' thyrotoxicosis in males.

PMID- 3400992
TI  - [Effect of a serotonin S2 receptor antagonist on portal hypertension due to
      cirrhosis. Preliminary results of a heart and liver hemodynamic study].
AB  - In 10 cirrhotic patients, with two balloon catheters introduced in the right
      internal jugular vein, the following parameters were measured before and after
      injection of ketanserine (0.1 mg/kg): cardiac output using the thermo-dilution
      method, free supra-hepatic pressure, wedged supra-hepatic pressure at rest and
      during cough, right atrial pressure, pulmonary capillary and arterial pressures.
      After 30 minutes, the following modifications were recorded: the cardiac output
      goes from 8.0 +/- 2.4 l/min to 8.7 +/- 2.5 l/min (p less than 0.05); the mean
      arterial pressure goes from 107.0 +/- 18.8 mmHg to 94.7 +/- 25.9 mmHg (p less
      than 0.02); the wedged supra-hepatic pressure, during coughing goes from 85.2 +/-
      36.1 mmHg to 64.6 +/- 23.1 mmHg (p less than 0.005). As in non-cirrhotic
      patients, ketanserine causes a drop in the mean arterial pressure and a transient
      elevation of the cardiac output. Ketanserine is able to lower portal pressure of
      cirrhotic patients at rest as well as during coughing. These results seem to
      indicate that the activation of serotonin S2 receptors may play a role in
      determining the portal hypertension in cirrhotic patients.

PMID- 3400993
TI  - [Pancytopenia and portal hypertension].

PMID- 3400994
TI  - [A rare but benign cause of apparent resistance to a gluten-free diet in celiac
      disease in an adult].

PMID- 3400995
TI  - [An enigmatic occlusive syndrome].

PMID- 3400997
TI  - [Surgical treatment of hiatal hernia and gastro-esophageal reflux. Personal
      experience].

PMID- 3400996
TI  - [Gastric volvulus. Contribution of x-ray computed tomographic studies].

PMID- 3400998
TI  - [Esophagitis in elderly patients. A prospective study in a geriatric internal
      medicine department].
AB  - The authors report the results of a prospective study in a geriatric unit. 287
      upper gastro intestinal endoscopies were performed on 265 patients the endoscopic
      examinations, oesophagitis in the population was found 40 times (15%). Most of
      the clinical oesophagitis presentation is non-specific, the nutritional status is
      quickly involved. As for adult people, relationship between oesophagitis and
      hiatal hernia is strong; 27 of 40 oesophagitis (67.5%) had a concomitant hiatal
      hernia whereas 27 of 62 hiatal hernia were associated with oesophagitis. A
      permissive role of medicine who decrease lower oesophageal sphincter pressure
      cannot be assessed. This study about oesophagitis in the elderly confirm the
      importance of performing endoscopic procedures, even in case of non-specific
      symptoms.

PMID- 3400999
TI  - [Which lithotripter for which calculi in 1988?].

PMID- 3401000
TI  - [Current strategy in the treatment of urinary calculi since the introduction of
      the EDAP lithotripter].
AB  - The extracorporeal lithotripter has radically changed the treatment of urinary
      stones. Three-hundred and seventy-four stones in 356 patients were treated over
      an eight-month period. Extracorporeal lithotripsy (262 cases) is mainly indicated
      in pelvic and calyceal stones measuring less than 2.5 cm, stones located in the
      lumbar ureter and previously flushed, and some stones of the pelvic ureter.
      Analysis of results showed that extracorporeal lithotripsy achieved fragmentation
      in 80% of cases and complete elimination 3 months after the procedure in 70% of
      cases. Repeat procedures were needed in 23% of patients. Complementary procedures
      were required to relieve obstruction in 4% of patients. Percutaneous
      nephrolithotomy now has very few indications but remains useful in large pelvic
      stones, failures of EDAP (7 cases), and some staghorn stones with few
      ramifications. Open surgery (24 cases) is still useful for complex staghorn
      stones, soft stones in febrile patients, calyceal stones with destruction of the
      neighboring renal parenchyma, incarcerated lumbar stones, and stones associated
      with an obstructive malformation of the urinary tract. Ureteroscopy (69 cases)
      proved highly reliable in stones located in the pelvic ureter. An improvement,
      therefore, but no miracle.

PMID- 3401001
TI  - [Piezoelectric extracorporeal lithotripsy. Report of 1-year's experience (350
      treatments)].
AB  - Over the period of one year, 356 extracorporeal lithotripsies were performed in
      303 patients with the EDAP piezoelectric lithotripter. The success rate,
      depending on the frequency (1.2 to 40 Hz) was between 75 and 80%. The treatment
      was repeated for 13 to 22% of the patients and 15% underwent an auxiliary
      manoeuvre preoperatively. Morbidity remains low with less than 5% of ureteral
      obstruction. For simple or small calculi (less than 1 cm), the use of low
      frequencies (1.2 to 5 Hz) is preferred, making it possible to carry out the
      treatment without anaesthesia and without hospitalization. For complex or bigger
      calculi, the use of higher frequencies (10-20 Hz), under neuroleptic analgesia,
      seems to be more efficient with a shorter time of treatment and a lower
      complication rate.

PMID- 3401002
TI  - [Extracorporeal lithotripsy in urinary calculi using the LT 01 EDAP].
AB  - Three hundred and sixty nine extracorporeal lithotripsies for renal stones have
      been performed using the EDAP apparatus (ultrasound detection, piezoelectric
      destruction). In 7.1% of cases, the stone could not be located. By using low
      frequencies (1.25 to 5 cycles per second), extracorporeal lithotripsy was able to
      be performed in 82% of cases without anaesthesia and without premedication. 96.5%
      of patients treated have been followed and reviewed at one and three months: 169
      (61%) cases were successful, 59 (21.3%) were partial results and 49 (17.7%) were
      failures. The best results were obtained in stones less than 20 mm in diameter. A
      poor result can only be improved by a second session of extracorporeal
      lithotripsy. The scintigraphic scars observed after high frequency extracorporeal
      lithotripsy were not observed when low frequencies were used. This new outpatient
      extracorporeal lithotripsy procedure without anaesthesia currently represents 79%
      of our primary indications in renal stones.

PMID- 3401003
TI  - [Extracorporeal lithotripsy. Apropos of 145 initial patients treated in Clermont
      Ferrand].
AB  - Between April and July 1987, 145 patients (presenting with a total of 178 renal
      and ureteric stones) were treated by extracorporeal lithotripsy (EDAP LT 01) in
      the Urology Department of Clermont-Ferrand hospital. No anaesthesia was performed
      during the 186 sessions required, except for 1 patient who underwent
      neuroleptanalgesia. Fragmentation was obtained in 86% of cases; the complete
      success rate was 70%, the partial success rate was 16% and the failure rate was
      14%.

PMID- 3401005
TI  - [Cecocystoplasty. Observations apropos 45 cases].
AB  - 45 patients underwent urinary diversion by caecocystoplasty following simple or
      radical cystectomy with or without prostatectomy. The immediate postoperative
      course of such a major operation was surprisingly simple both in terms of the
      gastrointestinal tract (due to the use of automatic sutures) and in terms of the
      urinary tract. Micturition and diurnal continence were perfect. The few cases of
      incontinence related to high caecal pressure were controlled by perineal
      reeducation and/or the prescription of oxybutynin. A Peniflow apparatus controls
      the inevitable enuresis of these neobladders when the trigone has not been
      preserved. The upper tract is perfectly protected. The authors consider that the
      caecal reservoir warrants a place of choice in bladder replacement after
      cystectomy.

PMID- 3401004
TI  - [[Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (cisplatin, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide) in the
      treatment of invasive urothelial tumors of the bladder. Preliminary results of a
      prospective study concerning 22 patients].
AB  - Twenty two patients with transitional cell bladder carcinoma (T greater than or
      equal to 2 Mo) received 2 or 3 courses of systemic chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide
      600 mg/m2, doxorubicin 60 mg/m2, cisplatinum 100 mg/m2) prior to total (18) or
      partial (18) cystectomy. Response rate was appreciated on the pathologic findings
      of the surgically removed bladders (pTNM): 5 tumor progression (23%); 8 tumor
      stability (36%); 3 partial remission (14%); 4 complete remission (18%), 2 pTo
      after complete transurethral resection (9%). These results lead us to conclude
      that: the rate of tumor progression and stability was too high. Further
      experience will require a more effective preoperative treatment; clinical staging
      dramatically underestimates tumor spread; prognosis of non responders is quite
      poor: 7 deaths with a maximum follow-up of 6 months.

PMID- 3401006
TI  - ["Someone stepped on the catheter". Apropos of a case report of periprostatic
      arteriovenous fistula treated with embolization].
AB  - Intractable bleeding occurred in patient who has his inflated balloon catheter
      accidentally torn out. Treatment by bilateral transcatheter embolization of the
      hypogastric arteries was successful. The indications, technical requirements and
      complications of this method are reviewed.

PMID- 3401007
TI  - Purification and characterization of human placental ferredoxin.
AB  - A ferredoxin-type iron-sulfur protein was isolated from human placenta
      mitochondria. The properties of the purified protein were very similar to those
      of adrenal ferredoxin (adrenodoxin), and immunological cross-reactivity with
      polyclonal antibodies to bovine adrenodoxin was observed. The N-terminal amino
      acid sequence and the visible absorption spectrum were identical to bovine
      adrenodoxin. The molecular mass as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (Mr approximately 13,500), however, is
      slightly smaller than that of adrenodoxin, and the C-terminal sequence is
      different. Human placental ferredoxin can substitute for bovine adrenodoxin in
      reactions reconstituted with bovine adrenal enzymes which catalyze the side chain
      cleavage of cholesterol to pregnenolone and the 11 beta-hydroxylation of
      deoxycorticosterone to corticosterone.

PMID- 3401008
TI  - Delineation of bacterial luciferase aldehyde site by bifunctional labeling
      reagents.
AB  - Previously we have established that a highly reactive cysteinyl group on the
      alpha subunit is at the aldehyde site of the (alpha beta) dimeric Vibrio harveyi
      luciferase. Three isomeric bifunctional reagents have been synthesized and used
      to further delineate the luciferase aldehyde site. These probes differ in their
      relative positions of and distances between the two functional groups active in
      chemical and photochemical labelings, respectively. Each of the probes can
      effectively and reversibly inactivate luciferase by forming a disulfide linkage
      primarily to the reactive cysteinyl residue. Upon subsequent photolysis, a
      diazoacetate arm in each probe was activated for photochemical labeling of amino
      acid residues within reach. After reductive regeneration of the reactive
      cysteinyl residue, 0.35-0.40 probe per dimeric luciferase was found to have been
      photochemically incorporated, correlating well with the degree of irreversible
      enzyme inactivation. Low but significant amounts of the three isomeric probes
      initially attached to the alpha reactive cysteine through a disulfide have been
      found to photochemically tag certain residues on beta. The latter residues are
      estimated to be no more than 8-11 A away from the alpha reactive cysteine. Thus
      the reactive cysteinyl residue, and hence the aldehyde site, must be at or near
      the alpha beta subunit interface. Furthermore, the structural integrity of the
      microenvironment surrounding this reactive cysteinyl residue is crucial to
      luciferase activity. An HPLC method for the isolation of luciferase alpha and
      beta subunits has also been developed.

PMID- 3401009
TI  - Spectral studies with lactoperoxidase and thyroid peroxidase: interconversions
      between native enzyme, compound II, and compound III.
AB  - Spectral scans in both the visible (650-450 nm) and the Soret (450-380 nm)
      regions were recorded for the native enzyme, Compound II, and Compound III of
      lactoperoxidase and thyroid peroxidase. Compound II for each enzyme (1.7 microM)
      was prepared by adding a slight excess of H2O2 (6 microM), whereas Compound III
      was prepared by adding a large excess of H2O2 (200 microM). After these compounds
      had been formed it was observed that they were slowly reconverted to the native
      enzyme in the absence of exogenous donors. The pathway of Compound III back to
      the native enzyme involved Compound II as an intermediate. Reconversion of
      Compound III to native enzyme was accompanied by the disappearance of H2O2 and
      generation of O2, with approximately 1 mol of O2 formed for each 2 mol of H2O2
      that disappeared. A scheme is proposed to explain these observations, involving
      intermediate formation of the ferrous enzyme. According to the scheme, Compound
      III participates in a reaction cycle that effectively converts H2O2 to O2. Iodide
      markedly affected the interconversions between native enzyme, Compound II, and
      Compound III for lactoperoxidase and thyroid peroxidase. A low concentration of
      iodide (4 microM) completely blocked the formation of Compound II when
      lactoperoxidase or thyroid peroxidase was treated with 6 microM H2O2. When the
      enzymes were treated with 200 microM H2O2, the same low concentration of iodide
      completely blocked the formation of Compound III and largely prevented the enzyme
      degradation that otherwise occurred in the absence of iodide. These effects of
      iodide are readily explained by (i) the two-electron oxidation of iodide to
      hypoiodite by Compound I, which bypasses Compound II as an intermediate, and (ii)
      the rapid oxidation of H2O2 to O2 by the hypoiodite formed in the reaction
      between Compound I and iodide.

PMID- 3401011
TI  - Characterization and binding properties of fatty acid-binding proteins from
      human, pig, and rat heart.
AB  - Fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) were isolated from the cytosols of hearts of
      man, pig, and rat by gel filtration and anion-exchange chromatography. The heart
      FABPs had a Mr of about 15,000 (pig, rat) and 15,500 (man); pI values were 5.2,
      4.9, and 5.0 for human, pig, and rat heart, respectively. In contrast to liver
      FABPs, tryptophan was present in the heart FABPs. Binding characteristics for
      long-chain fatty acids determined with the radiochemical Lipidex assay were
      comparable for all three proteins. Heart FABPs also bind palmitoyl-CoA and 
      carnitine with an affinity comparable to that for palmitic acid. Other ligands
      investigated, heme, bilirubin, cholesterol, retinoids, and prostaglandins, could
      not compete with oleic acid for binding by human heart FABP. Binding parameters
      of FABP for oleic acid from multilamellar liposomes were comparable to those from
      the Lipidex binding assay. Immunological interspecies cross-reactivity with
      antisera against the heart FABPs was much higher between man and pig than between
      rat and man or pig. None of the antisera reacted with liver FABPs. The IgG
      fraction of anti-human heart FABP serum inhibited fatty acid binding to human
      heart FABP.

PMID- 3401010
TI  - Mixed function oxidation and enzymes: kinetic and structural properties of an
      oxidatively modified alkaline phosphatase.
AB  - No major structural alteration of alkaline phosphatase can be observed in the
      early stages of enzyme oxidative inactivation by the ascorbate model system.
      Fluorescence changes of protein-bound 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid
      suggest, however, that localized modifications take place. Oxidized alkaline
      phosphatase displays less catalytic efficiency (decrease of Vmax), while
      retaining the other kinetic properties, including the same affinity for
      substrates and inhibitors and the same activation energy of the native enzyme.
      Typical features of the modified protein are a decreased thermal stability and a
      biphasic heat inactivation profile, which make the oxidized form quite similar to
      aged enzymes. The lower response to Mg2+ activation indicates that the magnesium
      binding sites of alkaline phosphatase are probably the targets of the ascorbate
      system oxidative modifications.

PMID- 3401012
TI  - Interactions in human casein systems: self-association of nonphosphorylated human
      beta-casein.
AB  - Since caseins were originally defined as phosphoproteins, nonphosphorylated beta
      casein, comprising nearly 5% of the total beta-casein in the isoelectric
      precipitate from human milk, appears to be unique. Despite the relatively small
      amount present, its properties suggest that it may play an important role in
      micelle formation and structure. It has a partial specific volume, v, of 0.749 +/
      0.008 and an absorbance, E1% 1 cm,280 nm of 6.2 +/- 0.2. Sedimentation and
      viscosity data yield a solvation of 3 g H2O/g protein and an axial ratio of about
      5 for the monomer. This would be consistent with a prolate ellipsoid of 10 nm
      length and 2 nm width. Equilibrium in the system is attained quite slowly and the
      temperature-dependent polymerization was found to be reversible. With calcium,
      the solubility behavior reflects an increased hydrophobicity and lower
      electrostatic repulsion in the molecule. There is essentially no strong calcium
      binding to this protein but there is evidence which strongly suggests that
      calcium binds to nonphosphate groups at higher concentrations. Increasing the
      temperature from 4 to 37 degrees C causes an apparent conformational change and
      an increase in protein aggregation which is further increased by addition of NaCl
      at 37 degrees C until a limiting size is reached at about 0.1 M NaCl. This
      limiting size polymer contains about 75 monomers and is nearly spherical with a
      radius of about 12 nm and a solvation of 1.5 g H2O/g protein. Laser light
      scattering measurements on the solution in 0.25 M NaCl revealed a relatively
      homogeneous particle size with a corrected diffusion coefficient, D20,w, of 2.8 X
      10(-7) cm2/s.

PMID- 3401013
TI  - Heme is a positive regulator of cytochrome P-450 gene transcription.
AB  - Inhibitors of heme biosynthesis such as CoCl2, 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole, and
      thioacetamide block the 3-methylcholanthrene-mediated induction of cytochrome P
      450 (c + d) messenger RNAs and their transcription in rat liver. This effect is
      specific, since the messenger RNA levels for albumin and glutathione transferase
      (Ya + Yc) and their transcription are not significantly influenced under
      conditions of heme depletion. Exogenous administration of heme at very low doses
      (50 micrograms/100 g body wt) is able to completely counteract the effects of the
      heme biosynthetic inhibitors on cytochrome P-450 (c + d) messenger RNA levels and
      their transcription. This constitutes a direct proof for the role of heme as a
      positive regulator of cytochrome P-450 gene transcription.

PMID- 3401014
TI  - Lipid peroxidation and cell viability in isolated hepatocytes in a redesigned
      oxystat system: evaluation of the hypothesis that lipid peroxidation,
      preferentially induced at low oxygen partial pressures, is decisive for CCl4
      liver cell injury.
AB  - An oxystat system is described which is capable of maintaining steady-state
      oxygen partial pressures (PO2) at levels between 0.1 and 300 mm Hg for hours or
      even days in incubations of respiring cells. The system was used to study effects
      of the hepatotoxin carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) on lipid peroxidation and cell
      viability in isolated hepatocytes from phenobarbital-pretreated rats at various
      steady-state PO2. At PO2 below 35 mm Hg, with a maximum effect at 7 mm Hg, CCl4
      induced an immediate lipid peroxidation, the rate of which slowed down during
      further incubation. AT PO2 between 35 and 70 mm Hg, CCl4 initially induced only
      slight lipid peroxidation, while there was a significant increase in lipid
      peroxidation after approximately 30 min. At PO2 above 100 mm Hg, no lipid
      peroxidation was induced by CCl4. At PO2 of 70 mm Hg and below, with the maximum
      effect at 3 mm Hg, CCl4 also induced marked losses of cell viability. Under
      anaerobic conditions and at PO2 greater than 70 mm Hg, CCl4 was without effect on
      the viability of the liver cells. Cells isolated from the pericentral area of the
      liver lobule showed more lipid peroxidation and loss of cell viability than cells
      from the periportal area of the lobule. These results provide further evidence
      for the decisive role of lipid peroxidation, preferentially induced at low PO2,
      in CCl4 liver injury.

PMID- 3401015
TI  - Monoterpene biosynthesis: demonstration of a geranyl pyrophosphate:sabinene
      hydrate cyclase in soluble enzyme preparations from sweet marjoram (Majorana
      hortensis).
AB  - A soluble enzyme preparation from the leaves of sweet marjoram (Majorana
      hortensis Moench) catalyzes the divalent cation-dependent cyclization of [1
      3H]geranyl pyrophosphate to the bicyclic monoterpene alcohols (+)-[6-3H]cis- and
      (+)-[6-3H]-transsabinene hydrate, providing labeling patterns consistent with
      current mechanistic considerations. No free intermediates were detectable in the
      conversion of geranyl pyrophosphate to the sabinene hydrates as determined by
      isotopic dilution experiments. Label from H2(18)O water was quantitatively
      incorporated into the products, indicating that the hydroxyl oxygen atoms of both
      cis- and trans-sabinene hydrate are derived from water and not from the
      pyrophosphate ester moiety of the substrate. The two enzymatic activities were
      inseparable by several chromatographic procedures, and differential inactivation
      studies suggested that the two activities reside with the same enzyme. The
      sabinene hydrate cyclase (synthase) has an apparent molecular weight of 56,000,
      shows a pH optimum near 7.0, and requires a divalent metal ion (either Mn2+ or
      Mg2+) for activity. The enzyme preparation is also capable of cyclizing neryl
      pyrophosphate, the cis-isomer of geranyl pyrophosphate, and analysis of mixed
      substrate incubations indicated that the two precursors are mutually competitive.
      Kinetic analysis and comparison of Vrel/Km values revealed that geranyl
      pyrophosphate is the more efficient substrate. This is the first report on an
      enzyme preparation capable of cyclizing geranyl pyrophosphate and neryl
      pyrophosphate to the isomeric sabinene hydrates.

PMID- 3401016
TI  - Purification and characterization of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase
      from etiolated mung bean hypocotyls.
AB  - 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase, EC 4.4.1.14, was purified to
      homogeneity from etiolated mung bean hypocotyl segments. This was made possible
      by the ability to elevate the enzyme level markedly through hormone treatments
      and by stabilization of the enzyme with high phosphate concentrations. The four
      step procedure resulted in 1050-fold purification with 25% yield, and consisted
      of stepwise elution from hydroxylapatite, chromatography on phenyl-Sepharose CL
      4B, gradient elution from hydroxylapatite, and fast protein liquid chromatography
      (FPLC) on a MonoQ anion-exchange column. FPLC-purified ACC synthase migrated as a
      single band of Mr 65,000 on denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The
      molecular weight of native enzyme by Bio-Gel A-0.5 M chromatography was 125,000,
      indicating that the enzyme probably exists as a dimer of identical 65,000 Mr
      subunits. The mung bean ACC synthase exhibited a pH optimum of 8.0 for activity
      and a Km for S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) of 55 microM at 30 degrees C. It
      exhibited an Arrhenius activation energy of 12 kcal mol-1 degree-1 and was
      inactivated at temperatures in excess of 40 degrees C. The specific activity for
      pure ACC synthase was 21 mumol of ACC formed/mg protein/h when determined under
      optimal conditions with 400 microM AdoMet.

PMID- 3401017
TI  - Modification of NAD-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase by the 2',3'-dialdehyde
      derivatives of NAD, NADH, NADP, and NADPH.
AB  - The 2',3'-dialdehyde nicotinamide ribose derivatives of NAD (oNAD) and NADH
      (oNADH) have been prepared enzymatically from the corresponding 2',3'-dialdehyde
      analogs of NADP and NADPH. Pig heart NAD-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase
      requires NAD as coenzyme but binds NADPH, as well as NADH, ADP, and ATP, at
      regulatory sites. Incubation of 1-3 mM oNAD or oNADH with this isocitrate
      dehydrogenase causes a time-dependent decrease in activity to a limiting value
      40% that of the initial enzyme, suggesting that reaction does not occur at the
      catalytic coenzyme site. Upon varying the concentration of oNAD or oNADH from 0.2
      to 3 mM, the inactivation rate constants increase in a nonlinear manner,
      consistent with reversible binding of oNAD and oNADH to the enzyme prior to
      covalent reaction. Inactivation is accompanied by incorporation of radioactive
      reagent with extrapolation to 0.54 mol [14C]oNAD or 0.45 mol [14C]oNADH/mol
      average enzyme subunit (or about 2 mol reagent/mol enzyme tetramer) when the
      enzyme is maximally inactivated; this value corresponds to the number of
      reversible binding sites for each of the natural ligands of isocitrate
      dehydrogenase. The protection against oNAD or oNADH inactivation by NADH, NADPH,
      and ADP (but not by isocitrate, NAD, or NADP) indicates that reaction occurs in
      the region of a nucleotide regulatory site. In contrast to the effects of oNAD
      and oNADH, oNADP and oNADPH cause total inactivation of the NAD-dependent
      isocitrate dehydrogenase, concomitant with incorporation, respectively, of about
      3.5 mol [14C]oNADP or 1.3 mol [14C]oNADPH/mol average subunit. Reaction rates
      exhibit a linear dependence on [oNADP] or [oNADPH] and protection by natural
      ligands against inactivation is not striking. These results imply that oNADP and
      oNADPH are acting in this case as general chemical modifiers and indicate the
      importance of the free adenosine 2'-OH of oNAD and oNADH for specific labeling of
      the NAD-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase. The new availability of 2',3'
      dialdehyde nicotinamide ribose derivatives of NAD, NADH, NADP, and NADPH may
      allow selection of the appropriate reactive coenzyme analog for affinity labeling
      of a variety of dehydrogenases.

PMID- 3401019
TI  - From the MMWR. Rocky Mountain spotted fever--United States, 1987.

PMID- 3401018
TI  - From the MMWR. Methemoglobinemia due to occupational exposure to dinitrobenzene-
      Ohio, 1986.

PMID- 3401020
TI  - Fibronectin, wound contraction, and epithelialization.

PMID- 3401021
TI  - The Wolff-Chaikoff effect: hypothyroidism due to potassium iodide.

PMID- 3401022
TI  - A solitary neurofibroma on the finger.

PMID- 3401023
TI  - The dysplastic nevus syndrome.

PMID- 3401024
TI  - Pretreatment with long-wave ultraviolet light inhibits ultraviolet-induced skin
      tumor development in hairless mice.
AB  - The carcinogenic effects of long-wave ultraviolet radiation (UV-A) (320 to 400
      nm) irradiation followed by exposure to broad-spectrum ultraviolet (UV)
      irradiation were studied in 200 lightly pigmented, hairless, hr/hr C3H/Tif mice.
      No skin tumors were observed in the group irradiated with UV-A for four weeks
      (total dose, 4050 kJ/m2, observed for 57 weeks). Ultraviolet exposure induced
      skin tumors in a dose-dependent manner. In a group exposed to UV irradiation for
      13 weeks, 35% of the mice had developed tumors after 57 weeks. Twenty-six weeks
      of exposure resulted in 88% of the animals being affected. In contrast it was
      found that treatment with UV-A irradiation (four weeks, total dose up to 4200
      kJ/m2) preceding exposure to UV irradiation (13 or 26 weeks) resulted in a
      significantly delayed tumor development. Exposure with UV-A induced no visible
      changes of the skin, and subsequent microscopic examination revealed no
      measurable changes in epidermal thickness or melanin content. Our results suggest
      that, depending on the exposure schedule, UV-A in addition to previously reported
      carcinogenic properties also may act as an antitumor agent.

PMID- 3401025
TI  - Low-fluence carbon dioxide laser irradiation of lentigines.
AB  - Low-fluence carbon dioxide (CO2) laser irradiation of skin has previously been
      shown to induce damage limited primarily to the epidermis. To evaluate whether
      this technique was therapeutically effective for pigmented epidermal lesions, ten
      lentigines caused by methoxsalen and ultraviolet light therapy were treated in
      one patient using the CO2 laser at fluences ranging from 3.0 to 7.7 J/cm2 for 0.1
      s exposures with 4.5-mm spot size. Based on substantial clearing in seven of ten
      lesions treated, 146 solar lentigines were treated in five patients at fluences
      of 3.0, 3.7, or 4.4 J/cm2. Biopsies were performed on a total of 30 lesions
      immediately and 24 hours, seven days, and six weeks after irradiation. Of 125
      lesions followed up clinically for six weeks, 12 cleared completely, 81 lightened
      substantially, and 28 remained unchanged. Only two demonstrated atrophic change.
      Hyperpigmentation or hypopigmentation did not occur. All lesions that improved
      had been treated at 3.7 or 4.4 J/cm2. Immediate histologic injury consisted of
      vacuolar and spindly change and subsequent vesiculation limited to the basilar
      epidermis. Twenty-four hours later there was epidermal necrosis with
      regeneration, 0.1 mm of dermal basophilia and stromal condensation, and a mild
      inflammatory infiltrate. These alterations were dose-dependent, with near
      complete epidermal necrosis and superficial dermal involvement at the highest
      fluence, and only focal epidermal necrosis at the lowest. At seven days,
      epidermal regeneration was complete with traces of melanin remaining in
      keratinocytes. Melanophages first appeared at seven days and persisted at six
      weeks, by which time the inflammatory infiltrate had cleared. No lentiginous
      proliferation was evident and epidermal pigmentation had become normal. Low
      fluence CO2 laser irradiation is an effective means of damaging the epidermis
      with only minimal dermal change. This mode of therapy is an effective way to
      lighten the pigmentation of lentigines without substantial scarring.

PMID- 3401026
TI  - Hereditary progressive mucinous histiocytosis in women. Report of three members
      in a family.
AB  - We describe three female patients in a family of two generations, who suffered
      from generalized and maximally pea-sized histiocytic tumors beginning in early
      adolescence. The disease ran a uniform and slowly progressive course and was
      confined to the skin. There were no signs of spontaneous tumor regression.
      Histologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural examination revealed the
      histiocytic nature of the tumors. An outstanding finding was a marked production
      of mucinous material, predominantly in long-standing tumors. This
      nonlangerhansian syndrome differs from other benign normolipemic histiocytic
      diseases with generalized histiocytic tumors by inheritance, which is most likely
      autosomal dominant, and by other clinical and histologic features. Since a
      storage disease could be excluded, the syndrome presented here seems to be a
      hitherto unknown entity among the benign generalized histiocytoses.

PMID- 3401027
TI  - Apolipoprotein E phenotypes, lipoprotein composition, and xanthelasmas.
AB  - The different types of serum lipoproteins, including apolipoprotein E phenotypes,
      were measured in 50 patients with xanthelasma. Half of them were found to be
      hyperlipemic. The normolipemic and hyperlipemic groups with xanthelasma were
      compared with two control groups (one a group of normolipemic patients and
      another a group of hyperlipemic patients without xanthelasma) selected as
      homogeneously as possible with regard to age, sex, degree of obesity, and
      hyperlipemic phenotype. The only significant differences found among the groups,
      regardless of the presence of hyperlipemia, were the increased levels of total
      and high-density lipoprotein phospholipids, and lower levels of apolipoprotein B,
      found in the group with xanthelasmas. The distribution of apolipoprotein E
      phenotypes was the same in both groups, with slight differences between the
      normolipemic and hyperlipemic groups. Patients with xanthelasmas showed slight
      deviations in the metabolism of lipoproteins that require further clarification.

PMID- 3401028
TI  - Total-body photographs of dysplastic nevi.
AB  - A method of taking total-body photographs to document dysplastic nevi is
      described. A set of 24 views is taken. These 35-mm color slide transparencies are
      projected onto a rearview screen at the time of subsequent follow-up
      examinations. A comparison between the baseline photographs and the current
      clinical findings allows the physician to detect thin malignant melanomas in a
      curable stage.

PMID- 3401029
TI  - Squamous cell carcinoma of the sole in a patient with chronic graft-vs-host
      disease.
AB  - Chronic graft-vs-host disease (GvHD) is a common, severe complication of bone
      marrow transplantation that often results in sclerodermoid skin changes with
      chronic and recurrent skin ulceration. We describe a case of cutaneous squamous
      cell carcinoma presenting as an ulcer on the sole of a 20-year-old woman with
      chronic GvHD. Although such an association has not been previously described, we
      discuss why features of chronic GvHD could be expected to place affected patients
      at increased risk for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.

PMID- 3401030
TI  - Histiocytic lymphophagocytic panniculitis. An unusual extranodal presentation of
      sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (Rosai-Dorfman disease).
AB  - A 72-year-old woman presented with the sudden onset of multiple, large, firm,
      subcutaneous nodules in her right arm and left thigh. Biopsy of the lesions
      revealed a septal and lobular panniculitis of unknown cause. The lesions
      regressed spontaneously without therapy over a period of a few weeks. A follow-up
      review of the microscopic slides from the biopsy disclosed a lymphohistiocytic
      and plasma cell proliferation with lymphophagocytosis by histiocytes, the
      characteristic morphological features of sinus histiocytosis with massive
      lymphadenopathy. This diagnosis was further supported by the immunocytochemical
      demonstration of S100 protein reactivity within the histiocytic cells. A seven
      year follow-up has failed to reveal any evidence of recurrence or progression of
      the disease. Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy should be
      entertained in the differential diagnosis of cutaneous lesions presenting with
      septal and lobular panniculitis.

PMID- 3401031
TI  - Unusual cutaneous histiocytosis expressing an intermediate immunophenotype
      between Langerhans' cells and dermal macrophages.
AB  - Cutaneous histiocytosis was discovered in a 40-year-old man with a slow-growing
      nodule located on his right arm. Histologic findings showed an epidermotropic
      infiltrate of histiocytes with folded, irregular nuclei. Immunologically, the
      cells presented an intermediate phenotype between Langerhans' cells and dermal
      macrophages. After surgical removal of the lesion, neither a relapse nor visceral
      involvement was observed during two years of follow-up.

PMID- 3401032
TI  - An immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study of an unusual case of multiple
      non-X histiocytoma.
AB  - An immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study of an atypical case of multiple
      non-X histiocytoma was done. There was involvement of the skin, lungs, and liver
      in a 3-month-old male infant. Microscopic examination of the cutaneous tumors
      revealed a dense infiltration of cells with polymorphous large nuclei and
      abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm in the entire dermis. Both immunohistochemical
      and electron microscopic studies suggested that the tumors were non-X
      histiocytomas. The patient's condition deteriorated with dyspnea due to rapid
      enlargement of tumor masses in the liver and lungs. However, at 5 months of age,
      the cutaneous nodules and pulmonary and hepatic lesions showed a tendency to
      involute. Furthermore, at 12 months of age, they were no longer detectable. The
      patient at 24 months of age was well with normal development. To date, no
      recurrence of the disease has been observed.

PMID- 3401033
TI  - Simultaneously active lesions of vitiligo and erythema dyschromicum perstans.
AB  - Recently, a patient presented to us with skin that had areas of normal
      pigmentation, hyperpigmentation, and depigmentation. Workup eventually showed him
      to have simultaneously active lesions of a depigmenting disorder, vitiligo, and a
      hyperpigmenting disorder, erythema dyschromicum perstans.

PMID- 3401034
TI  - Scar and keloidlike lesions in progeria. An electron-microscopic and
      immunohistochemical study.
AB  - We describe a case of progeria with an unusual skin manifestation of numerous
      hyperplastic scars or keloidlike nodules on the upper and lower extremities.
      Electron-microscopic and immunohistochemical studies indicated that the nodules
      consisted of various forms of collagen tissues, including type IV collagen, and
      that they were surrounded by la+ cells. Approximately 60% of the la+ cellular
      infiltrates were Leu 1+4+, OKT9+, and functioning T cells, which were often
      closely apposed to fibroblasts. It is suggested that progeria is associated with
      hyperplastic scars or keloidlike lesions with an unusual accumulation of type IV
      collagen, which may be formed through interaction between activated T cells and
      fibroblasts after minor traumas.

PMID- 3401035
TI  - A solitary nodule of the left cheek. Pseudolymphomatous folliculitis.

PMID- 3401036
TI  - Reticulated truncal pigmentation. Confluent and reticulated papillomatosis of
      Gougerot and Carteaud.

PMID- 3401037
TI  - Drug samples. A conflict of interest?

PMID- 3401038
TI  - Factors influencing the success of microsurgery for distal tubal occlusion.
AB  - Ninety-three infertile women with distal tubal occlusion were subjected to
      salpingostomy in 1982-1984. In 78 of them follow-up data were available for 2-5
      years. Second look laparoscopy was performed in 47 patients at a median of 4
      months postoperatively. It showed one or both tubes patent in 45 (96%). In the
      total series of 93 patients, 13% had live births, 7.5% spontaneous abortions, and
      13% ectopic pregnancies. Severe adnexal adhesions and the extent of fimbrial
      damage found at operation or at second look laparoscopy were the most significant
      factors related to the poor outcome of microsurgery. Our experience suggests that
      cases with severe adhesions and poor tubal status should be primarily directed to
      in vitro fertilization program rather than to microsurgery.

PMID- 3401039
TI  - Experience with the treatment of metastatic ovarian carcinoma.
AB  - Metastases from non-genital sites comprise about one in six of our malignant
      ovarian tumors. The mean age of our 24 patients with such metastases was 43.1
      years and 81% had bilateral ovarian metastases. Out of the 24 patients we
      studied, 21 had a gastric primary. The overall survival rate was 41.7% in 6
      months, 25.0% in 1 year and 12.5% in 2 years. Patients with no extraovarian
      metastases had a survival rate of 75.0% at 6 months, 62.5% at 1 year and 25.0% at
      2 years after operation.

PMID- 3401040
TI  - A sex cord stromal tumour in a woman with XO/XX/XXX-mosaicism.
AB  - We describe a postmenopausal woman with 45,XO/46,XX/47,XXX mosaicism who
      presented with a Sertoli-Leydig cell tumour and a past history of habitual
      abortion. The cytogenetic finding is discussed in relation to the etiology of the
      tumour and of the recurrent abortions.

PMID- 3401041
TI  - Endometrial carcinoma in a young woman.
AB  - We present an unusual case of endometrial carcinoma which developed in a 22-year
      old woman shortly after pregnancy.

PMID- 3401043
TI  - Relationship between serum prolactin concentration, vascular angiotensin
      sensitivity and arterial blood pressure during third trimester pregnancy.
AB  - Prolactin may play an important role in the pathogenesis of pregnancy-induced
      hypertension (PIH) and preeclampsia. In 105 normotensive nulliparous women at 28
      to 32 weeks of gestation, the relationship between serum prolactin concentration
      (PRL) and blood pressure behaviour was examined under standardized conditions.
      Neither postural change from left lateral to supine recumbency nor the infusion
      of low doses of angiotensin-II-amide had an effect on PRL levels. Similar mean
      PRL levels were found in pregnant women with a low angiotensin pressor dose (ADP
      less than 10 ng x kg-1 x min-1) or "angiotensin sensitivity", a positive supine
      pressor response (delta pd greater than or equal to 20 mmHg) or an increased
      serum uric acid concentration (greater than 3.6 mg/dl), which are criteria for an
      increased risk of developing hypertensive complications. However, in the group of
      subjects with angiotensin sensitivity, a significant correlation was found (a)
      between PRL levels and the APD and (b) between PRL levels and diastolic blood
      pressure increase after 5 min of supine recumbency. These results may reflect
      diminished dopaminergic activity in the central nervous system, which could
      influence both blood pressure and prolactin secretion.

PMID- 3401044
TI  - [Malignant mesenchymal tumors of the urachus. Apropos of 2 cases].

PMID- 3401045
TI  - [Transperitoneal subcostal approach in the surgical treatment of malignant tumors
      of the kidney].

PMID- 3401046
TI  - [Bladder exstrophy in the adult].

PMID- 3401047
TI  - [Dermoid cyst of the testicle: contribution of a case].

PMID- 3401042
TI  - Serum levels of six tumor markers in patients with benign and malignant
      gynecological disease.
AB  - We studied the pretreatment serum levels of 6 tumor markers in gynecological
      patients with and without malignant disease. The tumor markers were
      carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA), ferritin,
      Schwangerschaftsprotein 1 (SP1), Schwangerschaftsprotein 3 (SP3) and cancer
      antigen 125 (CA125). The results were as follows: (1) Serum CA125 and TPA levels
      were raised in 81% and 57% of patients with ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma;
      CEA and SP3, in 52% and 43% respectively of patients with ovarian mucinous
      cystadenocarcinoma; CA125, TPA and SP3, in 76%, 48% and 48% respectively of
      patients with other ovarian malignancies; and TPA and SP3, in 56% and 40%
      respectively of patients with endometrial carcinoma. (2) Serum levels of TPA,
      ferritin and CA125 were more often raised with advancing stages of malignant
      disease. (3) Serum TPA levels were elevated in 55% of patients with stage I
      endometrial carcinoma, and serum SP3 levels were elevated in 35% of patients with
      a stage I malignant ovarian neoplasm and in 45% of patients with endometrial
      carcinoma. (4) One of the 6 tumor markers showed a raised level in 84% of
      patients with gynecologic malignancy as against 56% in those with benign
      gynecologic diseases.

PMID- 3401048
TI  - [Leukemoid reaction in bladder carcinoma].

PMID- 3401049
TI  - [Free graft of the peritoneum in surgery of the renal pelvis and ureter].

PMID- 3401050
TI  - Autonomic neuropathy in systemic sclerosis.
AB  - Autonomic function assessed by tests of cardiovascular reflexes was studied in 25
      patients with systemic sclerosis and 10 patients with primary Raynaud's
      phenomenon. A comparison was made with 13 normal healthy subjects. Significant
      abnormalities in the cardiovascular reflexes were found in systemic sclerosis,
      both in the CREST (calcinosis, Raynaud's phenomenon, oesophageal dysmotility,
      sclerodactyly, telangiectasia) variant and also in those patients with diffuse
      involvement. There was sympathetic and parasympathetic dysfunction. These
      findings suggest that autonomic neuropathy is a feature of systemic sclerosis.

PMID- 3401052
TI  - Comparison of serial synovial fluid cytology in rheumatoid arthritis: delineation
      of subgroups with prognostic implications.
AB  - Serial synovial fluid samples were obtained from patients with rheumatoid
      arthritis and analysed cytologically. Positive correlations in the serial samples
      between proportions of polymorphs and ragocytes were found. Based upon the serial
      synovial fluid cytology, distinct subgroups of rheumatoid joints emerged.
      Comparison of clinical findings in these subgroups showed that the joints with
      high ragocyte proportion had a significantly poorer outcome. This study therefore
      identifies two distinct subgroups of rheumatoid joints on the basis of the nature
      of the cellular reaction within the joint fluid, which usually holds true during
      subsequent clinical relapse. Identification of these groups may have prognostic
      significance.

PMID- 3401051
TI  - Class-specific rheumatoid factors, DR antigens, and amyloidosis in patients with
      rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Class-specific rheumatoid factors (RFs) were measured by enzyme immunoassay in 59
      patients with rheumatoid arthritis complicated by systemic amyloidosis (RA+A), 47
      patients with rheumatoid arthritis without amyloid (RA), 106 patients with other
      rheumatic diseases (juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus,
      Sjogren's syndrome), and 55 blood donors. The patients with RA+A were
      characterised by a high prevalence of RF negativity; the IgM RF concentration was
      raised in only 18 of the 59 patients (31%, p less than 0.001 v RA), the IgG RF
      concentration in 20 of 59 (34%, p less than 0.001 v RA), and the IgA RF
      concentration in 24 of 59 (41%, p less than 0.001 v RA). A higher prevalence of
      HLA-DR4 (p less than 0.001) and a lower prevalence of DR2 (p less than 0.05) were
      found among 48 tested patients with RA+A when compared with a control panel
      consisting of 500 blood donors. No significant differences in the prevalence of
      DR1-DR7 or B27 antigens were observed, however, between patients with RA with or
      without amyloid.

PMID- 3401054
TI  - Phytohaemagglutinin induced proliferation of lymphocytes from patients with
      rheumatoid arthritis and iron deficiency.
AB  - The response of peripheral blood lymphocytes to stimulation by mitogens such as
      phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) is commonly depressed in both rheumatoid arthritis and
      iron deficiency, and as many rheumatoid patients are anaemic with evidence of
      abnormal iron metabolism it is possible that the same mechanism underlies the
      observed suppression in both conditions. In the present study the mitogenic
      response to PHA of lymphocytes from three rheumatoid patients, who were also iron
      deficient, and two healthy controls has been shown to be significantly less in
      iron deficient than iron containing media (p less than 0.001). In addition, iron
      deficient sera from these patients reduced the PHA induced proliferation of
      lymphocytes from a normal subject (p less than 0.01), an effect which was
      prevented by prior addition of iron to these serum samples. In iron containing
      media lymphocytes from five patients and two controls showed no difference in
      their response to PHA for both the minimum mitogen concentration which enhanced
      transformation and the peak [3H]thymidine uptake; but patients' lymphocytes
      showed significantly less response to PHA concentrations of 5 and 10 mg/l (p less
      than 0.02), resulting in a reduction in the area under the dose response curves
      up to 20 mg/l (p less than 0.05). These findings show both that iron deficient
      sera can impair PHA induced lymphocyte transformation and that lymphocytes from
      iron deficient rheumatoid patients have impaired responsiveness to PHA. Iron is
      known to be required intracellularly for the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase,
      which is important for DNA synthesis, and reduced activity of this enzyme could
      explain these observed effects.

PMID- 3401053
TI  - Australian mortality statistics for rheumatoid arthritis 1950-81: analysis of
      death certificate data.
AB  - An analysis of mortality related to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in Australia for
      the period 1950 to 1981 was undertaken based on information recorded in death
      certificates. These data include every death over a 32 year period where RA was
      considered to be the underlying cause. Death from RA was commonly reported (0.17%
      of all deaths). The mean age at death from RA in both sexes exceeded that of the
      general population for most of the period. There was little difference between
      patients dying of RA and the general population for age at death in the over 50
      years' age group. There was a significant decrease in mortality for women dying
      of RA over the age of 75. RA accounted for more deaths in women than in men (in a
      ratio of 2.2:1). Men tended to die at a younger age from RA than did women. The
      impact of RA remained relatively constant in relation both to the total causes of
      death and to deaths due to other musculoskeletal diseases. There was a
      significant decline, however, in female RA deaths as a percentage of deaths due
      to all musculoskeletal diseases. Cohort analysis does not indicate any marked
      effect from extrinsic factors on mortality due to RA.

PMID- 3401056
TI  - Bacterial endocarditis presenting as acute monoarthritis.
AB  - The presentation of a pig farmer with acute arthritis of the shoulder, cardiac
      murmurs, and Streptococcus suis growing on blood cultures highlights one of the
      rheumatological presentations of bacterial endocarditis. The need for a thorough
      general medical examination together with synovial fluid and blood culture in
      patients with acute monarthritis is emphasised. The suggestion that acute
      arthritis related to endocarditis is in nature truly septic, rather than mediated
      by circulating immune complexes, is supported.

PMID- 3401055
TI  - Raised serum albumin in hip osteoarthrosis: a comparative study in women of some
      blood chemical parameters in aging and in cases of femoral neck fractures,
      osteoporotic vertebral crush fractures, and hip osteoarthrosis.
AB  - Twelve blood parameters were studied in five groups of women totalling 120
      subjects--group I: 26 blood donors (average age 45.2 years, range 23-66); group
      II: 18 patients with various cerebral, cardiovascular, or infectious illnesses
      (average age 79.9 years, range 66-92); group III: 28 patients with femoral neck
      fractures (average age 79.4 years, range 56-95); group IV: 12 patients with hip
      osteoarthrosis (average age 71.7 years, range 60-87); group V: 36 patients with
      vertebral crush fractures associated with postmenopausal and involutional
      osteoporosis (average age 63.0 years, range 51-75). The parameters measured were
      total proteins, albumin, total, alpha 1, alpha 2, beta, and gamma globulins,
      total calcium, phosphates, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, and haemoglobin.
      Statistical analysis showed that each group differed from the others even with
      adjustment for age. Among the discriminant parameters, serum albumin had a
      distinctive position. Significantly high concentrations of serum albumin in the
      group with osteoarthrosis raise the question of the possible existence of a
      population prone to osteoarthrosis in whom the serum albumin level may reflect a
      special nutritional state associated with the well known bone density in subjects
      with hip osteoarthrosis. Albumin values in patients with femoral neck fractures
      are lower than normal but non-significantly. The difference between the group
      with vertebral crush fractures and that with femoral neck fractures seems to be
      due to age.

PMID- 3401057
TI  - Sensorineural hearing loss in adult onset Still's disease.
AB  - A 26 year old man with a nine year history of adult onset Still's disease (AOSD)
      developed sensorineural hearing loss during an exacerbation of his disease. This
      complication has not previously been described in association with adult onset
      Still's disease. He responded favourably to steroid treatment.

PMID- 3401058
TI  - Response of rheumatoid arthritis to chemotherapy for Hodgkin's disease in a
      patient with IgA deficiency and overlap connective tissue disease.
AB  - A patient with IgA deficiency presented with classical rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
      and subsequently, features of multiple other connective tissue diseases (CTD).
      When Hodgkin's disease later developed the patient received combination
      chemotherapy, which induced remission of both neoplastic and connective tissue
      diseases. As the RA remained in remission for three years this case may offer
      insight into a mode of use of cytotoxic agents in CTD.

PMID- 3401059
TI  - Extensive cerebral infarction due to involvement of both anterior cerebral
      arteries by Wegener's granulomatosis.
AB  - The central nervous system is often affected in Wegener's granulomatosis (WG),
      but massive cerebral infarction due to occlusion of branches of the anterior
      cerebral arteries (ACA) by granulomatous lesions or thrombosis, or both, has
      seldom been reported. A case is reported here of a 67 year old man with WG
      complicated by generalised necrotising vasculitis in the lung, kidney, and
      gastrointestinal tract, and cerebral infarction in the territory of both anterior
      cerebral arteries, probably caused by thrombosis and a contiguous invasion of
      granulomatous lesion from the nasal cavity.

PMID- 3401060
TI  - Lethal "thin" malignant melanoma. Identifying patients at risk.
AB  - Thin melanomas can metastasize and be lethal. The purpose of this review was to
      identify negative risk factors in patients with melanomas less than 0.76 mm
      thick. Six hundred and eighty-one (681) such patients are reviewed in this study.
      Of those referred without metastatic disease (583 patients), metastases developed
      in 4.8% after a mean followup of 3.6 years. Of those referred with metastatic
      disease (98 patients), mortality was 35% after a mean followup of 5.9 years. Male
      patients (p less than 0.04) and patients with axial primaries (p less than 0.05)
      were at an increased risk of metastasis. Severe histologic regression was present
      in 40% of the primary lesions that metastasized and in only 17% of similar
      lesions that did not (p less than 0.001). Increased age was associated with
      increased local skin metastases, but not with increased nodal or distant
      metastases. A prognostic model was designed, using two clinical risk factors
      (axial primary site and male sex) and two histologic risk factors (Clark's Level
      IV and severe histologic regression). The prognostic model identified a low-risk
      population--women with extremity primaries--with an actuarial risk of metastasis
      at 10 years that was less than 3%. Patients with either (1) both clinical risk
      factors or (2) one clinical risk factor and one histologic risk factor were
      identified as high-risk patients. Their actuarial risk of metastasis was 11% at 5
      years and 22% at 10 years (p = 0.0084). Identifying high-risk and low-risk
      patients with thin melanomas may improve guidelines for the application of
      adjuvant therapies to this population.

PMID- 3401062
TI  - Duplications of the alimentary tract. Clinical characteristics, preferred
      treatment, and associated malformations.
AB  - Duplications of the alimentary tract are unusual congenital anomalies that
      frequently present a diagnostic as well as therapeutic challenge to the surgeon.
      Because these lesions occur so infrequently, they are often not suspected until
      encountered intraoperatively. Due to the complicated anatomy and common blood
      supply shared between the duplication and associated native bowel, appropriate
      management requires a familiarity with the anatomy and clinical characteristics
      of this entity. To better define the range of patient characteristics, clinical
      presentation, and preferred therapy, 20 enteric duplications were reviewed in 17
      patients treated at the Children's Hospital Medical Center from 1956 to 1986.
      Ages of patients ranged from 1 day to 11 years; 60% were less than 2 years of age
      at initial presentation. Seven duplications in six patients involved alimentary
      tract structures of foregut derivation (esophagus, stomach, and Parts I and II of
      duodenum), with a predominance of girls (4 of 6). Most of these patients (67%)
      presented with moderate to severe acute respiratory distress and a mass present
      on chest radiograph. In 67% of the patients, the correct diagnosis was
      established before operation. None required emergency operative intervention. By
      contrast, 13 duplications in 11 patients were of midgut or hindgut derivation
      (Parts III and IV of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon). In this group of
      patients, 62% of the duplications involved the cecum, 23% involved the ileum, and
      16%, the jejunum. Seventy-eight per cent of the patients were boys. The most
      common symptoms were nausea and vomiting, and the most common sign was a palpable
      abdominal mass. Emergency operative intervention was required of eight of 11
      patients with duplications involving the small bowel and colon. Three patients
      presented with an intussusception, four with signs and symptoms consistent with
      acute appendicitis, one with a small bowel obstruction, and two with
      gastrointestinal hemorrhage due to the presence of ectopic gastric mucosa within
      the duplication. It was found that two important points must be considered in
      regard to the management of enteric duplications: (1) the common blood supply
      shared between the duplication and native bowel must be carefully protected to
      avoid undue sacrifice of normal bowel, and (2) the presence of heterotopic
      gastric mucosa in 35% of patients negates internal drainage.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3401061
TI  - Proximal gastric vagotomy. The preferred operation for perforations in acute
      duodenal ulcer.
AB  - Simple closure, the conventional operation for perforated acute duodenal ulcers,
      is associated with symptomatic relapse in a large proportion of patients. In
      order to assess the role of immediate definitive surgery, 78 fit patients with
      perforated acute ulcers were prospectively randomized to undergo either closure
      alone or proximal gastric vagotomy with closure (PGV). Patients taking
      potentially ulcerogenic drugs or who had severe stress were excluded from the
      study. Both groups were comparable with respect to age, sex, general medical
      health, duration of perforation, length of ulcer history, and presence of
      duodenal scarring. There was no hospital mortality. Minor complications occurred
      in 7.3% after closure and 10.8% after PGV. At 3 years follow-up, the cumulative
      recurrence rates were 36.6% and 10.6% after closure and PGV, respectively (p =
      0.001). Eighty-five per cent of recurrences after closure were symptomatic, and
      half of them required reoperation. Duodenal scarring itself did not appear to
      influence the outcome after closure. PGV was not associated with dumping,
      diarrhea or other unwanted side effects. Although less than that in chronic
      ulcers, there is a substantial risk of symptomatic relapse after closure of
      perforated acute duodenal ulcers. With judicious patient selection, PGV
      effectively reduces this risk without incurring disabling side effects associated
      with other ulcer operations.

PMID- 3401065
TI  - Currently accepted natural history and operative management of ampullary
      carcinoma.

PMID- 3401063
TI  - Nonpalpable breast lesions at biopsy. A detailed analysis of radiographic
      features.
AB  - Several studies have demonstrated that mammographic screening of asymptomatic
      women results in a lower mortality rate where breast cancer is concerned. Often,
      screening mammograms reveal a nonpalpable radiographic abnormality and the
      diagnosis must be determined by an excisional biopsy after radiographic needle
      localization. The mammographic features associated with 179 nonpalpable breast
      abnormalities biopsied after radiographic needle localization were carefully
      characterized. There were 41 carcinomas (23%) in the series. The aim of this
      study was to determine which radiographic findings, if any, strongly portend the
      presence of either a malignant or benign lesion. Mammographic features that were
      commonly associated with malignancy include a change from a previous mammogram, a
      distortion of the surrounding architecture, the association of a soft tissue
      density and calcifications, and the presence of more than ten calcifications in
      the lesion. The radiographic abnormalities which were more commonly associated
      with benign disease include well-defined densities without calcifications,
      asymmetric densities without calcifications, and abnormalities consisting solely
      of a focus of mammographic calcifications that have fewer than ten concretions.
      The incidence of malignancy in lesions having these mammographic characteristics
      was only 5.5%. On the basis of these results alone, no firm threshold for biopsy
      can be recommended. The risks of deferring biopsy until there is worsening of the
      mammographic image remains to be determined.

PMID- 3401064
TI  - Risk factors for postoperative pneumonia. The importance of protein depletion.
AB  - Pulmonary complications remain the most important cause of postoperative
      morbidity and mortality. The many advances of modern surgical care over the last
      30 years have not appreciably altered the incidence of these complications. Many
      risk factors have been shown to contribute to this problem, but no studies have
      examined the impact of preoperative protein depletion on respiratory function and
      related this to the development of postoperative pulmonary complications. 80
      patients (42 men, 38 women, median age of 64 years, with a range of 15-91 years)
      awaiting major elective gastrointestinal (G.I.) surgery were divided into two
      categories on the basis of a direct measurement of protein depletion: nonprotein
      depleted patients (n = 41, mean protein loss, 2% +/- 1.7 SEM) and protein
      depleted patients (n = 39, mean protein loss, 36% +/- 3.5 SEM). There was no
      significant difference between these two categories in regard to age, height,
      sex, surgical diagnosis, the presence of chronic lung disease, smoking,
      proportion of upper abdominal incisions, degree of obesity, the duration of
      anesthesia, and the use of prophylactic antibiotics and physiotherapy. There was
      a significant difference between these two categories of patients in regard to
      respiratory muscle strength (p less than .025), vital capacity (p less than .05),
      and peak expiratory flow rate (p less than .005). Pneumonia developed in a
      significantly higher proportion of protein-depleted patients with atelectasis (p
      less than .05), and their stay in the hospital after surgery was longer (p less
      than .05). These data show that protein depletion is associated with an
      impairment of respiratory function, and is in itself a significant risk factor in
      the development of postoperative pneumonia.

PMID- 3401066
TI  - Total thyroidectomy: the preferred option for multinodular goiter.

PMID- 3401067
TI  - Induced Taenia solium cysticercosis in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta): a
      clinicopathological study.

PMID- 3401068
TI  - Ro 15-0216: a nitroimidazole compound active in vitro against human and animal
      pathogenic African trypanosomes.
AB  - In vitro systems for the continuous cultivation of Trypanosoma brucei brucei, T.
      b. gambiense, T. b. rhodesiense, T. congolense and T. vivax were used to
      determine the antitrypanosomal activity of the 2-substituted nitroimidazole Ro 15
      0216. For all trypanosome species, the concentration which inhibited parasite
      growth by 50% (IC50 value) was established: 0.0957 microgram ml-1 (T. b. brucei
      TC221), 0.1327 microgram ml-1 (T. b. gambiense STIB 754-A), 0.0450 microgram ml-1
      (T. b. rhodesiense STIB 704-BABA), 0.0896 microgram ml-1 (T. congolense ILNat
      3.1) and 0.0109 microgram ml-1 (T. vivax ILRAD 1392). The IC50 value of its major
      metabolite Ro 19-9638 was 0.0341 microgram ml-1 (T. b. rhodesiense STIB 704
      BABA). Furthermore, minimum exposure times required to render T. b. brucei non
      infective for mice as well as preventing their growth in vitro have been
      established to be three, four, six and ten hours at drug concentrations of 30,
      10, 3 and 1 microgram ml-1, respectively.

PMID- 3401070
TI  - Experimental maintenance of the schistosome vector Biomphalaria glabrata on an
      improved alginate gel.
AB  - An improved alginate formulation containing Spirulina algae or freeze-dried
      lettuce is described for experimental maintenance of Biomphalaria glabrata. Snail
      growth, food consumption and assimilation were higher on the gel containing
      Spirulina. The increased growth was not entirely the result of the higher food
      consumption observed with Spirulina, but appeared to be due to nutritional
      differences between the two nutrient sources. Snails responded to decreased
      dietary Spirulina concentration by increasing their relative level of
      assimilation rather than by increasing food consumption. An antibiotic treatment
      with chloramphenicol and ampicillin for the reduction of bacterial contaminants
      associated with B. glabrata is also described.

PMID- 3401069
TI  - Chronic murine toxoplasmosis: clinicopathologic characterization of a progressive
      wasting syndrome.
AB  - Nya:NYLAR albino mice infected with Toxoplasma gondii gradually developed a
      chronic and progressive wasting syndrome characterized by facial and body
      alopecia, corneal opacities, necrotic lesions of ears and tail, signs of
      neurologic disease and death within six to eight months after infection.
      Haematologic changes included a transient normochromic, normocytic anaemia, and
      persistent lymphopenia and neutrophilia. Changes in serum proteins were
      manifested by hypoalbuminaemia and pronounced hypergammaglobulinaemia. Serum
      thyroxine concentrations fell sharply during the first month of infection, then
      gradually returned to control concentrations. Gross changes included loss of body
      weight, hepatosplenomegaly, ovarian and uterine atrophy, and a marked involution
      of the thymus. The predominant histopathologic change in the brain was a
      mononuclear cell vasculitis, particularly affecting the hippocampus and the
      choroid plexus, ependyma, and periventricular areas of the lateral and third
      ventricles. These preliminary observations indicate that mice can serve as a
      practical animal model of great potential for study of the pathogenesis of
      chronic toxoplasmosis.

PMID- 3401071
TI  - Optimal timing of post-operative albendazole prophylaxis in E. granulosus.
AB  - Recurrence is an important problem following operations for hydatid disease in
      man. Significant protection against an intraperitoneal injection of 5000
      protoscoleces was achieved in gerbils by a one-month course of albendazole (10 mg
      kg-1 day-1). However, when prophylaxis was delayed for 15 days after peritoneal
      inoculation albendazole had no protective effect. Whilst higher serum
      concentrations probably allow treatment of older infections, these data suggest
      that protoscoleces are most easily killed by therapy immediately following
      spillage.

PMID- 3401073
TI  - Indications for completion pneumonectomy.

PMID- 3401072
TI  - Lipid analysis of Giardia lamblia and its culture medium.
AB  - The neutral lipid and phospholipid composition of Giardia lamblia and its culture
      medium were analysed by a thin-layer chromatography flame-ionized detection
      system. Both lipid compositions of the parasite differed from that of the culture
      medium. Sterol was found to be the major neutral lipid, and phosphatidylcholine,
      phosphatidylethanolamine and sphingomyerin were also present. Fatty acid
      composition of G. lamblia and its culture medium were also analysed by gas liquid
      chromatography. Oleic and palmitic acid were the major fatty acids in the total
      lipid of the organism. The influence of porcine and bovine bile extracts on the
      lipid composition of G. lamblia was studied. The addition of bile to the medium
      caused no change in lipid composition of the parasite. Lipid composition of the
      culture medium was studied both before and following growth of the parasite, and
      it became evident that consumption of phosphatidylcholine occurred in the growth
      medium supplemented with bile extract. These results indicate that the presence
      of bile extract may possibly accelerate consumption by G. lamblia of lipid in the
      environment.

PMID- 3401074
TI  - Completion pneumonectomy: indications, complications, and results.
AB  - From 1958 through 1985, a total of 113 consecutive patients had completion
      pneumonectomy (CP). Indications for pulmonary resection resulting in CP were lung
      cancer (LC) in 64 patients, pulmonary metastases (PM) in 20, and benign lung
      disease (BLD) in 29. Operative mortality was 12.4% (14 deaths) but varied
      according to the indication for CP. Mortality was 9.4% for LC, 0% for PM, and
      27.6% for BLD. Forty-three patients (38.1%) had major complications (26 of 64
      with LC, 40.6%; 1 of 20 with PM, 5.0%; and 16 of 29 with BLD, 55.2%). Five-year
      actuarial survival for patients with LC was 26.4% but varied according to stage.
      Five-year survival for patients with PM was 40.8% and with BLD was 27.2%. We
      conclude that CP for BLD carries marked operative mortality and morbidity,
      usually due to intense reaction around hilar structures and concurrent active
      infection or fistula. In contrast, CP for LC and PM can be performed with low
      mortality, acceptable morbidity, and gratifying long-term survival.

PMID- 3401075
TI  - Carpentier-Edwards standard porcine bioprosthesis: primary tissue failure
      (structural valve deterioration) by age groups.
AB  - Primary tissue failure (structural valve deterioration) has been documented as
      the most prominent complication of porcine bioprostheses. The influence of age on
      primary tissue failure has received limited consideration. From 1975 to 1986,
      1,301 Carpentier-Edwards standard porcine bioprostheses were implanted in 1,183
      patients in 1,201 operations. Of the total number of prostheses, 97.7% were
      implanted prior to 1983. The mean follow-up was 5.6 years and was 97.5% complete.
      Primary tissue failure was identified in 96 patients (98 operations) at
      reoperation (95) or autopsy (3). One hundred four (104) prostheses were involved.
      Thirty-one failed after aortic valve replacement (AVR), 49 after mitral valve
      replacement (MVR), and 24 after multiple-valve replacement (18 patients). There
      were 47 male and 49 female patients. The mean age at implantation was 47 years
      (range, 8 to 72 years). The mean implantation time was 74.0 months. The freedom
      from primary tissue failure at 10 years is 77.0 +/- 2.9% overall; for AVR, 83.1
      +/- 3.7%; for MVR, 72.1 +/- 4.9%; and for multiple-valve replacement, 65.5 +/-
      7.8%. The freedom from deterioration for patients less than 20 years of age is
      significantly less than that for other age groups. The freedom from deterioration
      increased by decades; the greatest freedom was noted in patients 70 to 80 years
      old and 80 years old or older. The freedom from deterioration at 10 years for
      patients less than 30 years of age is 26.8 +/- 17.2%; 30 to 59 years, 77.4 +/-
      3.0%; and 60 years and older, 83.1 +/- 4.2%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3401076
TI  - Antibiotic prophylaxis in open-heart surgery: a comparison of cefamandole,
      cefuroxime, and cefazolin.
AB  - We undertook a prospective randomized evaluation of cefamandole nafate,
      cefuroxime sodium, and cefazolin sodium as prophylaxis in open-heart operations.
      A total of 903 patients having an elective procedure were enrolled in the study,
      and 620 of them were eventually considered evaluable. There were no significant
      differences between the three study groups. The overall rate of infection and the
      rate of infection according to demographic variables was not significantly
      different between the three antibiotics. Serious complications and deaths were
      also similar between the three agents. The presence of multiple severe underlying
      conditions was a risk factor for infection, independent of the antibiotic used.
      We conclude that there are no differences in the efficacies of the three agents
      in preventing postoperative infections in patients having open-heart operation.
      Cefuroxime, principally because of its every-12-hour dose, is far less expensive
      than cefamandole or cefazolin.

PMID- 3401077
TI  - Successful repair of postoperative ascending aortic mycotic false aneurysms using
      circulatory arrest.
AB  - Mediastinal wound infections following open-heart operations are successfully
      managed in most patients by aggressive debridement and placement of substernal
      drainage catheters or application of omental or muscle flaps. Nonetheless, the
      involvement of foreign bodies, such as felt pledgets adjacent to cardiac
      structures, can result in infections that persist despite flap coverage and can
      present as mycotic false aneurysms of the ascending aorta. We present the cases
      of 3 patients who underwent successful repair of such aneurysms late after
      surgical treatment of mediastinal wound infections. We describe our technique of
      repair using groin cannulation for bypass, moderate hypothermia, and circulatory
      arrest to improve exposure and minimize bleeding.

PMID- 3401078
TI  - Long-term performance of 555 aortic homografts in the aortic position.
AB  - Long-term results with 555 aortic homografts used for isolated aortic valve
      replacement (AVR) between 1964 and 1986 were analyzed to assess valve performance
      and the time-related onset of valve-related events. The total follow-up was 2,931
      patient-years. Twenty years after operation, overall survival was 51.6 +/- 8.1%,
      freedom from valve-related death was 67.1 +/- 8.9%, freedom from primary tissue
      failure was 12.4 +/- 4.8%, freedom from infective endocarditis was 82.7 +/- 4.3%,
      freedom from surgical technical failure was 88.1 +/- 2.3%, and freedom from all
      complications including valve-related death was 9.0 +/- 3.5%. The incidence of
      thromboembolism was 0.034% per patient-year (one potential event). Long-term
      results after homograft insertion for aortic stenosis were significantly better
      than those after insertion for aortic incompetence. It is concluded that the good
      quality of life and the median life expectancy, which extends more than 20 years
      after operation, make the homograft an excellent choice for AVR.

PMID- 3401079
TI  - Improved distribution of cardioplegia with pressure-controlled intermittent
      coronary sinus occlusion.
AB  - Coronary occlusions may alter the distribution of antegrade cardioplegia and
      result in ischemic damage. This study was undertaken to determine whether
      pressure-controlled intermittent coronary sinus occlusion (PICSO) could improve
      antegrade cardioplegic delivery when coronary occlusions are present. Twenty pigs
      were subjected to 120 minutes of ischemic arrest with antegrade, multidose,
      potassium crystalloid cardioplegia. During arrest, the mid-left anterior
      descending artery was occluded with a snare, which was released on reperfusion.
      In 10 pigs, a balloon-tipped catheter was placed in the coronary sinus and PICSO
      was performed during each cardioplegia dose. PICSO-treated hearts had faster
      arrests (27 +/- 5 versus 102 +/- 21 [SE] seconds; p less than 0.02), as well as
      lower temperatures (18.4 +/- 1.0 versus 22.0 +/- 1.4 degrees C; p less than 0.05)
      and higher tissue pH (6.58 +/- 0.09 versus 6.31 +/- 0.09; p less than 0.05) just
      before aortic unclamping. Postischemic end-diastolic volume was unchanged with
      PICSO, but it decreased in non-PICSO-treated hearts. PICSO-treated hearts
      generated a higher postischemic stroke work index (0.70 +/- 0.08 versus 0.38 +/-
      0.08 g-m/kg; end-diastolic volume, 60 ml; p less than 0.05). We conclude that
      PICSO improves cardioplegic distribution, thus reducing ischemic injury.

PMID- 3401080
TI  - Vocal cord paralysis in premature infants undergoing ductal closure.
AB  - A series of 106 consecutive ductal closures in premature infants was reviewed to
      assess the incidence of left vocal cord paralysis. To our knowledge, this
      syndrome is described for the first time in premature infants. In our experience,
      it is a relatively benign complication that completely resolves clinically in
      several weeks. This complication occurred in 5.2% of patients closed by suture
      ligature and in none of those closed by a surgical clip. Although the series is
      too small for this difference to be statistically significant, we believe it
      strongly favors the use of the clip, with less dissection.

PMID- 3401081
TI  - Performance of the Hancock porcine bioprosthesis following aortic valve
      replacement: considerations based on a 15-year experience.
AB  - All patients undergoing isolated aortic valve replacement with a standard Hancock
      porcine bioprosthesis (PB), from 1970 to 1983, were reviewed. There were 196
      patients, 162 male and 34 female patients, with a mean age of 48 +/- 12 years.
      Operative survivors were followed up from 3 to 15.6 years (mean follow-up, 6.6 +/
      1.5 years), with a cumulative follow-up of 1,140 patient-years, being 100%
      complete. Actuarial survival was 51 +/- 15% at 14 years. Eight patients sustained
      systemic embolic episodes (0.7 +/- 0.2%/patient-year); actuarial freedom from
      emboli is 89.4 +/- 4.3% at 14 years. Reoperation was performed in 53 patients: in
      6 because of endocarditis (0.5 +/- 0.2%/patient-year), in 7 because of
      perivalvular leak (0.6 +/- 0.2%/patient-year), and in 40 because of PB primary
      tissue failure (3.5 +/- 0.5%/patient-year). Actuarial freedom from PB-related
      deaths, PB failure, and overall PB-related complications at 14 years was 66.3 +/-
      19, 34.3 +/- 11, and 30 +/- 10%, respectively. This long-term experience shows
      that the performance of the Hancock PB appears satisfactory up to 8 years, while
      it progressively deteriorates beyond 10 years because of the impact of primary
      tissue failure on valve durability, justifying the restriction of its use in the
      aortic position in selected patients.

PMID- 3401083
TI  - Computerized global electrophysiological mapping of the atrium in a patient with
      multiple supraventricular tachyarrhythmias.
AB  - The first clinical experience and the potential benefit of intraoperative global
      atrial-activation mapping recorded from 156 electrodes simultaneously are
      demonstrated in a 14-year-old girl with an ectopic (automatic) right atrial
      tachycardia, junctional tachycardia, and atrial flutter secondary to a previous
      atriotomy. Cryoablation of the right atrial focus terminated the automatic
      tachycardia, and surgical interruption of the atrial flutter pathway temporarily
      terminated this arrhythmia. Persistence of the junctional tachycardia
      necessitated elective cryoablation of the bundle of His.

PMID- 3401082
TI  - Computerized global electrophysiological mapping of the atrium in patients with
      Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.
AB  - The activation sequence of the human atrium has been inferred previously from a
      limited number of atrial electrograms recorded sequentially with a single-point
      mapping system. In 10 patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome, three
      form-fitted, flexible templates containing a total of 156 bipolar electrodes were
      fixed to the epicardial surface of both atria. Data were recorded continuously
      from all 156 electrodes simultaneously during normal sinus rhythm, left atrial
      pacing, right atrial pacing, and reciprocating tachycardia. In all 10 patients,
      the site of the accessory pathway correlated with the results of the preoperative
      electrophysiological study and of the standard intraoperative band electrode
      mapping. The accessory pathway was located in the left free wall position in 8
      patients, the right free wall position in 1 patient, and the posterior septal
      position in 1 patient. In 4 of the 8 patients with left free wall pathways,
      activation maps of retrograde atrial activation during reciprocating tachycardia
      demonstrated a broad base of initial atrial depolarization. This finding suggests
      that some accessory pathways may have a broad band of insertion on the atrium,
      and supports our practice of wide dissection of the entire anatomical space
      associated with each pathway to avoid recurrences of WPW syndrome. Simultaneous
      global atrial-activation mapping in patients with WPW syndrome provides a clearer
      understanding of atrial activation during reciprocating tachycardia.

PMID- 3401084
TI  - Arteriovenous and capillary hemangiomas of the interventricular septum.
AB  - The case of a patient with two extremely unusual types of hemangioma is
      presented. The arteriovenous and capillary hemangiomas of the interventricular
      septum were discovered on coronary angiography performed for chest pain.
      Echocardiography confirmed the diagnosis. Successful surgical excision was
      performed.

PMID- 3401085
TI  - Management of recurrent superior vena caval syndrome with an externally supported
      femoral vein bypass graft.
AB  - Management of superior vena caval syndrome with an autogenous vein bypass graft
      can be complicated by occlusion of the bypass graft. The case of a patient with
      recurrent superior vena caval syndrome due to occlusion of a spiraled saphenous
      vein graft who was managed with a femoral vein graft supported externally by a
      sleeve of ringed polytetrafluoroethylene is presented. A venogram demonstrated
      patency of the graft 11 months postoperatively, and the patient remains free from
      clinically apparent superior vena caval obstruction 18 months postoperatively.

PMID- 3401086
TI  - Surgical repair of annular disruption following percutaneous balloon aortic
      valvuloplasty.
AB  - Percutaneous balloon aortic valvuloplasty for aortic stenosis is being performed
      with increasing frequency. Disruption-induced acute aortic insufficiency is an
      infrequent and unreported complication. We report one such case and describe its
      successful surgical repair.

PMID- 3401087
TI  - Successful operative management of struma cordis obstructing the left ventricular
      outflow tract.
AB  - Struma cordis, ectopic thyroid tissue located in the heart, is extremely rare. To
      our knowledge, this is the first report of struma cordis obstructing the left
      ventricular outflow tract. The tumor was removed successfully using
      cardiopulmonary bypass.

PMID- 3401088
TI  - Informed consent.

PMID- 3401089
TI  - Don't ignore low serum cobalamin (vitamin B12) levels.

PMID- 3401090
TI  - Respiratory muscle dysfunction in hereditary neuropathy.

PMID- 3401091
TI  - The use of animals in biomedical research.

PMID- 3401092
TI  - Pernicious anemia. The expected findings of very low serum cobalamin levels,
      anemia, and macrocytosis are often lacking.
AB  - When patients are examined for possible cobalamin deficiency, great stress is
      often placed on the presence or absence of macrocytosis and anemia and on how low
      the serum cobalamin level is. The present study, however, shows that only 45
      (64%) of 70 consecutively diagnosed patients with pernicious anemia, the most
      common cause of cobalamin deficiency, had very low cobalamin levels (less than 74
      pmol/L [or less than 100 ng/L]). Anemia was absent in 13 (19%) of the patients,
      and macrocytosis was absent in 23 (33%) of the patients; such absence was
      particularly common when cobalamin levels were only slightly or moderately low
      (74 to 184 pmol/L). Coexisting iron deficiency was responsible for the absence of
      macrocytosis in nine patients. Of the ten patients with neither anemia nor
      macrocytosis, neurological disturbance was prominent in six, including four whose
      only noticeable abnormality was cerebral. These observations indicate that
      macrocytosis and anemia, two classic features of pernicious anemia, may be
      overstressed in our diagnostic approach. All subnormal serum cobalamin results
      are best viewed as pathological until proved otherwise. Emphasis on only very low
      cobalamin levels risks delaying the diagnosis of pernicious anemia in a
      substantial proportion of cases, particularly in those without anemia or
      macrocytosis.

PMID- 3401093
TI  - Food cobalamin malabsorption occurs frequently in patients with unexplained low
      serum cobalamin levels.
AB  - Malabsorption of food-bound or protein-bound cobalamin with normal absorption of
      free cobalamin has been described in studies of patients with gastric
      dysfunction. We used the egg-yolk cobalamin absorption test to study 47 patients
      selected not because of known gastric disorders but because they had low serum
      cobalamin levels with normal Schilling test results. Their egg test results were
      significantly lower than in normal controls, while Schilling test results were
      normal. Twenty of the subjects had egg test excretion below 1.5%. No features
      distinguished them from the 27 who excreted more than 1.5% other than the
      presence of lower pepsinogen I:II ratios. Eight of 19 tested patients with food
      cobalamin malabsorption had no evidence of abnormal gastric status by blood tests
      and/or gastric analysis. Also noteworthy was the finding of food cobalamin
      malabsorption in 60% of tested patients who had neurologic, cerebral, or
      psychiatric abnormalities. Food cobalamin malabsorption appears to be associated
      frequently with otherwise unexplained low cobalamin levels. Low cobalamin levels
      in patients with normal Schilling test results cannot be dismissed as
      insignificant without also testing for food cobalamin malabsorption, whether or
      not the patients have known gastric dysfunction.

PMID- 3401095
TI  - Age-related risks of long-term oral anticoagulant therapy.
AB  - Long-term oral anticoagulant therapy is critical to the optimal management of
      various thromboembolic and vascular disorders. To determine whether age is
      related to the development of bleeding complications in patients who are
      receiving long-term oral anticoagulant therapy, the records of 321 patients who
      were followed up in the university hospital outpatient anticoagulation clinic
      during an eight-year period were reviewed. During this period, 61 patients (19%)
      developed minor bleeding complications, and 14 patients (4.4%) developed major
      bleeding complications. In utilizing a life-table approach to adjust for varying
      lengths of follow-up, the risk of initial minor bleeding complications was found
      to be greatest within the first three months (14%). For major bleeding
      complications, risk increased throughout the first two years of anticoagulation
      clinic follow-up, with no particular period of greatest risk. No significant
      differences in the risk of initial minor or major bleeding complications were
      observed in the various age groups that were examined (less than 50, 50 to 59, 60
      to 69, and greater than or equal to 70 years). A multivariate regression
      approach, controlling for several potentially confounding factors, confirmed the
      lack of an association of age with the risk of minor or major bleeding
      complications. The results of this retrospective follow-up study suggest that
      patient age, in and of itself, should not be considered a primary factor in
      assessing the risk of long-term oral anticoagulant therapy.

PMID- 3401094
TI  - Reduction of incorrect antibiotic dosing through a structured educational order
      form.
AB  - Antibiotics are often used inappropriately in hospitals. We created a structured
      antibiotic order form designed to guide physicians toward correct therapeutic
      decisions without restricting their clinical options. Educational messages and
      graphic reminders were incorporated into a new form required to order parenteral
      antibiotics at a teaching hospital. Pharmacokinetic considerations were
      emphasized. The forms were supplemented with brief literature reviews and
      appropriate references. Before introduction of the form, pharmacokinetically
      incorrect orders for clindamycin, cefazolin sodium, and metronidazole
      hydrochloride accounted for 90%, 60%, and 75% of patient-days of therapy for
      these drugs, respectively. Immediately after implementation of the form,
      nonrecommended dosing schedules dropped to under 6% of patient-days for all three
      antibiotics. Savings from these drugs alone accounted for over $76,000 annually.
      We conclude that in a period of increasing constraints on hospital budgets and
      proliferating restrictions on physicians' clinical choices, educational
      intervention at the time orders are written can provide a cost-effective and
      noncoercive means of improving some forms of acute-care clinical decision making.

PMID- 3401096
TI  - Respiratory muscle dysfunction in hereditary motor sensory neuropathy, type I.
AB  - Pulmonary function tests were performed on ten patients who were shown to have
      hereditary motor sensory neuropathy, type I. Mean values for spirometry, static
      lung volumes, and diffusion capacity were all greater than 80% of the predicted
      normal values for the group. In contrast, both inspiratory and expiratory muscle
      testing showed substantial reductions in function for the group. These
      abnormalities have not previously been reported, and they may be important in the
      management of these patients and in patients with other neuromuscular diseases.

PMID- 3401097
TI  - Serum myoglobin levels in patients with ischemic myocardial insult.
AB  - Serum myoglobin levels were studied in 178 consecutive patients admitted for
      chest pain due to ischemic cardiac injury. Serum myoglobin level was compared
      with the clinical condition, electrocardiographic changes, and serum creatine
      kinase levels. Elevated serum myoglobin concentration was present in all patients
      with acute myocardial infarction, as defined by World Health Organization,
      Geneva, criteria, and, in addition, in about 50% of patients with so-called acute
      coronary insufficiency. On this basis we could define two different groups of
      patients with acute coronary insufficiency: cases exhibiting elevated serum
      myoglobin levels (group 1) and those with normal levels (group 2). In group 1
      although creatine kinase levels were in the normal range, they were significantly
      higher than in group 2. Four patients from group 1 developed heart failure and
      another a typical acute myocardial infarction during hospitalization, whereas no
      patients of group 2 had such complications. In patients with acute myocardial
      infarction, the elevation of serum myoglobin preceded that of creatine kinase in
      most cases. Myoglobin release appears to be related to infarct size, the highest
      levels were found in extensive myocardial infarction and less marked elevations
      in cases of subendocardial infarction and in half of the cases with acute
      coronary insufficiency. It is proposed that serum myoglobin is a reliable measure
      of myocardial necrosis and serves to detect a hitherto undefined population of
      small-size acute myocardial infarction, with its attendant clinical and
      prognostic implications.

PMID- 3401098
TI  - Bacillus infections in patients with cancer.
AB  - Eighteen febrile patients experienced 24 episodes of Bacillus bacteremias from
      January 1978 to June 1986. Bacillus species isolated included Bacillus cereus
      (eight cases), Bacillus circulans (three), Bacillus subtilis (two), Bacillus
      pumilus (two), Bacillus licheniformis (one), Bacillus sphaericus (one), Bacillus
      coagulans (one), and six that could not be speciated. Fifteen patients had
      lymphoma or leukemia and three had breast cancer. Nine patients were neutropenic
      (polymorphonuclear neutrophil count, less than 1.0 x 10(9)/L), seven patients had
      a Hickman catheter in place, and 14 had recently received chemotherapy. Twelve of
      the bacteremic episodes were clinically significant, and four of these 12
      involved Hickman catheters. Catheter removal was ultimately necessary in all four
      patients. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy was performed on one of
      the removed Hickman catheters and showed Bacillus organisms embedded in a biofilm
      composed of gram-positive cocci and glycocalyx. Bacillus species were uniformly
      susceptible to vancomycin, imipenem, and aminoglycosides, with penicillin
      susceptibilities being variable. Bacillus appears to be another gram-positive
      organism now being recognized as a bacterial pathogen for compromised hosts. When
      such infections involve long-term indwelling venous access devices, treatment
      should include immediate catheter removal as well as antibiotic therapy.

PMID- 3401099
TI  - The incidence, magnitude, and time course of the amiodarone-warfarin interaction.
AB  - Eight patients concurrently treated with amiodarone and warfarin sodium were
      studied to characterize the interaction between these drugs. All fulfilled the
      following criteria: (1) stable and therapeutic prothrombin time (PT) at baseline,
      defined as at least two consecutive PTs obtained within two weeks before
      beginning amiodarone therapy that varied by less than or equal to 15%; (2) no
      warfarin dosage adjustment in the two weeks prior to amiodarone therapy; (3) no
      other drugs given that alter coagulation study results; and (4) follow-up PTs
      obtained 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks after initiation of amiodarone treatment. A
      clinically significant change in PT was defined as greater than 15%. Mean
      baseline PT was 19.8 s for patients receiving 5.99 mg/d of warfarin sodium.
      Patients had a mean maximum increase in PT of 44% (range, 22% to 108%), which
      occurred during the first two weeks. In six patients, the PT returned to within
      15% of baseline by week 4 or 8, and the daily warfarin requirement had decreased
      by 35% (range, 25% to 50%). Two patients had PTs varying by greater than 15% from
      baseline at week 8 despite a 33% reduction in warfarin dosage in each case. No
      patient in this series encountered complications of anticoagulant therapy,
      perhaps due to early recognition and dosage reduction. Although the mechanism
      remains unclear, our study indicates that amiodarone potentiation of warfarin
      effects occurs in all patients, occurs in the first two weeks of amiodarone
      therapy, variably increases PT by 22% to 108%, and lowers the warfarin
      requirement by 25% to 50%. We recommend a 25% prophylactic reduction of warfarin
      dosage and weekly measurements of PT for one month when amiodarone therapy is
      initiated.

PMID- 3401100
TI  - Medical care costs of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in
      Richmond, Va. A quantitative analysis.
AB  - This study examines inpatient charges for 52 adult patients with the acquired
      immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) who had 102 admissions to the Medical College of
      Virginia Hospitals, Richmond, from October 1983 through December 1986. Complete
      charge data were available for 81 hospitalizations; the mean charge per
      hospitalization was +13,830 (SD, +13,610), the average length of stay was 14.8
      days (SD, 13.1 days), and the mean per diem charge was +1058 (SD, +802). For
      patients who received all their AIDS-related medical care at the Medical College
      of Virginia Hospitals, total lifetime hospital charges averaged +27,264, the mean
      number of hospital stays was 2.29, and the average length of stay was 12 days.
      The average length of hospital stay, total charges per hospitalization, and
      average charge per day of hospitalization decreased over the study period. These
      findings suggest that inpatient costs of treating individual patients with AIDS
      are less than initially estimated and are decreasing due to the ability to more
      effectively manage these patients.

PMID- 3401101
TI  - Lack of association between skin tags and colon polyps in a primary care setting.
AB  - Cutaneous skin tags (acrochordons) have recently been proposed as markers for
      adenomatous polyps of the colon among symptomatic patients referred for
      colonoscopy. To ascertain the utility of skin tags as a predictor of colonic
      polyps in a primary care setting, 492 patients, with a mean age of 58 +/- 13.3
      years (241 with signs or symptoms and 251 for screening), were evaluated for the
      presence of skin tags and then examined using a 60-cm fiberoptic sigmoidoscope by
      an examiner "blinded" to the skin findings. Among patients with skin tags, 23
      (10.2%) of 226 had polyps, whereas among patients without skin tags, 20 (7.5%) of
      266 had polyps. The predictive value of the presence of a skin tag was 10.2%.
      Contrary to studies done in more selected populations with a higher prevalence of
      adenomatous polyps, the results using a 60-cm flexible sigmoidoscope in a primary
      care population suggest that cutaneous skin tags are not a marker for adenomatous
      polyps of the colon.

PMID- 3401103
TI  - Arteriovenous fistula. A potential complication of venipuncture.
AB  - We describe a very unusual complication of venipuncture: an arteriovenous fistula
      between the brachial artery and median cubital vein. The clinical presentation
      and treatment of arteriovenous fistulas and methods of preventing this
      complication are reviewed.

PMID- 3401102
TI  - Ethics, economics, and endocarditis. The physician's role in resource allocation.
AB  - Medical decisions are increasingly shaped by financial considerations. Biomedical
      ethicists have encouraged the practicing physician to remain the agent of the
      individual patient, sometimes pitting physicians against health care
      institutions. The limitation of medical resources has given rise to the need for
      a clear conceptual basis for allocating scarce resources. The role of resource
      gatekeeper may be used to the indigent patient's disadvantage when the principles
      of triage are used incorrectly in situations of relative scarcity. To allocate
      limited resources fairly under changing policy and economic conditions, health
      care institutions should ensure that systematic processes, such as those of
      ethics consultants and committees, are readily available to help resolve
      problematic cases and policies. Physicians with clinical judgment and a primary
      commitment to patient care must assume active roles in these processes in order
      to build an ethically sound framework for clinical decision making in times of
      relatively scarce resources.

PMID- 3401104
TI  - Increased body aluminum. An independent risk factor in patients undergoing long
      term hemodialysis?
AB  - The clinical course and aluminum status of 38 patients who had been receiving
      dialysis for at least eight years and were still undergoing dialysis in 1985 were
      evaluated. Twenty-nine had evidence of increased aluminum burden, although only
      three had evidence of overt aluminum toxicity, and nine did not have evidence of
      increased aluminum burden. The patients in both the high- and low-aluminum group
      were similar with regard to age, the cause of their renal failure, presence of
      hypertension or coronary artery disease, previous parathyroidectomy, and a number
      of biochemical parameters, along with the amount of prescribed aluminum. All
      patients were followed up for the next two years or until they died. The amount
      of ingested aluminum was reduced, and in selected patients, treatment with
      intermittent infusions of deferoxamine mesylate was instituted. There were no
      deaths in the low-aluminum group, but ten of 29 died in the high-aluminum group:
      seven of vascular disease and three of infection. In addition, morbidity as
      defined by hospitalization for coronary or cerebral vascular disease or infection
      occurred in only two of the nine patients in the low-aluminum group and in 19 of
      the 29 patients in the high-aluminum group. These observations imply that the
      occurrence of increased body aluminum, as suggested by aluminum blood levels or
      by results of bone biopsies in some patients, has an adverse effect on morbidity
      and mortality and should be considered as a possible independent risk factor in
      patients who are receiving long-term hemodialysis.

PMID- 3401105
TI  - Vibrio vulnificus septicemia.
AB  - We report a case of Vibrio vulnificus infection in a middle-aged alcoholic man
      with Laennec's cirrhosis. The patient had recently received a puncture wound from
      the shell of a shrimp while fishing in the Gulf of Mexico. He presented with
      acrally distributed urticarial plaques, purpura, and bullae, as well as signs and
      symptoms of septic shock. Vibrio vulnificus was isolated from the blood, and
      histologic examination of the skin biopsy specimen demonstrated a devitalized,
      inflammatory, cell-poor superficial dermis and an acute cellulitis of the
      subcutis, with extensive tissue destruction. In addition, a necrotizing
      vasculitis, with a relative paucity of inflammatory cells but numerous bacilli
      around dermal vessels, was noted.

PMID- 3401106
TI  - Tophaceous deposition in the finger pads without gouty arthritis.
AB  - Tophi are rarely observed in patients without a prior history of gouty arthritis.
      We describe four patients whose initial manifestation of gout was tophaceous
      deposition in an unusual location, the finger pad. None of these patients had a
      history of acute gouty arthritis and none had tophi elsewhere. All four patients
      were postmenopausal women with decreased renal function; all were taking
      diuretics. We conclude that tophaceous gout without arthritis may be more common
      than previously recognized and that tophi may deposit in the finger pad. We
      recommend prompt aspiration and crystal analysis of white subcutaneous finger pad
      deposits in hyperuricemic patients even without a history of gouty arthritis.

PMID- 3401108
TI  - Tuberculosis control among homeless populations.
AB  - The prevalence of tuberculosis infection and disease among homeless persons is
      high. Several recent outbreaks have been reported in shelters for the homeless.
      To address this problem, the Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, convened a
      group of consultants who made the following recommendations: (1) Tuberculosis
      should be suspected and sputum samples should be collected from any homeless
      individual with a productive cough. (2) Diagnosed or suspected tuberculosis in a
      homeless individual should be immediately reported to the health department. (3)
      Therapy should be fully supervised by a responsible person, and an intensive
      multidrug, six-month regimen should be utilized whenever possible. (4) A contact
      investigation should be conducted around each infectious case, and preventive
      therapy should be prescribed for high-risk infected individuals. (5) Shelter
      staff should receive a tuberculin skin test when they start work and every six to
      12 months thereafter. (6) Skin test reactors should be considered for preventive
      therapy according to current guidelines. (7) Installation of ultraviolet lights
      to reduce transmission should be considered in some situations.

PMID- 3401107
TI  - Residency ethics teaching. A critique of current trends.
AB  - There is a growing effort to formalize ethics teaching for medical residents.
      Currently, this effort is overemphasizing a single approach--the clinical ethics
      consultation or ethics case conference--at the expense of several other important
      options. While the clinical ethics approach has many benefits, it also has
      harmful side effects when it is made the single method for residency ethics
      teaching: it constricts ethics teaching within too narrow a view of medical
      ethics, and it forfeits an opportunity for ethics to challenge some problematic
      features of residency education itself.

PMID- 3401109
TI  - An introduction to high-resolution ECG recordings of cardiac late potentials.
AB  - High-resolution electrocardiography utilizes computer processing to record low
      levels signals not normally observed on standard electrocardiographs. Cardiac
      late potentials occur at the end of or after the QRS complex and require these
      methods to be quantified. A brief overview of the methods used to record late
      potentials is presented. These include lead placement, computer-implemented
      signal averaging, high-pass filtering, and feature extraction for characterizing
      the late potential. The major application of late- potential analysis has been in
      patients after myocardial infarction. Several of these studies are reviewed that
      demonstrate the usefulness of this new approach in identifying those patients at
      greatest risk for developing ventricular tachycardia. The most impressive studies
      have been those that compare late potentials with measures of ventricular
      performance and ventricular ectopy.

PMID- 3401110
TI  - Apparent isolated elevation of serum triiodothyronine level in a patient with a
      thyroid nodule.
AB  - Cystic thyroid nodules most commonly occur with a euthyroid state and appear as
      cold lesions on radioactive iodine scan. I describe a 32-year-old woman who
      presented during the third trimester of her second pregnancy with a toxic cystic
      lesion of the thyroid. In studies performed post partum, the serum free thyroxine
      (T4) index was normal, while the triiodothyronine (T3) level was elevated and
      thyrotropin level was low and unresponsive to thyrotropin-releasing hormone
      stimulation. Iodine 123 thyroid scan demonstrated localized nonsuppressible
      uptake over the nodule. Multiple echo-free (fluid-filled) cavities were observed
      by ultrasound study. Thyroid lobectomy demonstrated a thyroid colloid nodule with
      areas of cystic degeneration containing hyperplastic papillary projections.
      Postoperatively, the patient developed transient hypothyroidism followed by
      spontaneous recovery to euthyroidism with normal function of the suppressed
      gland. Blood obtained from the venous effluent of the thyroid nodule had
      extremely high T3 and T4 concentrations: 359.1 nmol/L and 2420 nmol/L,
      respectively, while peripheral venous blood showed isolated elevation of T3, to
      4.6 nmol/L (normal, 1.2 to 3.1 nmol/L), and a normal T4 level of 116 nmol/L
      (normal, 64 to 154 nmol/L). Serum T3 and T4 thyroidal/peripheral ratios were
      close to one in two euthyroid patients undergoing neck surgery. Thus, thyroid
      nodules may present with isolated elevation of serum T3 levels despite increased
      thyroidal release of T4.

PMID- 3401111
TI  - Severe cryptosporidiosis in an immunocompetent host.
AB  - Cryptosporidiosis is increasingly recognized as a significant human pathogen.
      Previous reports have emphasized the benign, self-limited nature of the illness
      in the immunocompetent adult. In contrast, immunodeficient hosts have severe,
      frequently unremitting illness. We describe a case in which an individual, with
      no evidence of immunodeficiency and negative human immunodeficiency virus
      serologic findings, was admitted with a five-week history of severe diarrhea,
      marked weight loss, and renal failure probably as a consequence of
      cryptosporidiosis. The patient's renal function returned to normal with
      hydration, and his diarrhea resolved without specific therapy. At a six-month
      follow-up, the patient was in excellent health.

PMID- 3401112
TI  - Splenomegaly as a cause of fecal incontinence. A new problem in an old disease.
AB  - Eight patients with fecal incontinence were seen. All eight patients had massive
      splenomegaly secondary to myelofibrosis and myeloid metaplasia. Six of the eight
      patients underwent splenectomy for hypersplenism. Five of the six had total
      improvement of the fecal incontinence. One died two weeks postoperatively and
      could not be evaluated. In our opinion, the fecal incontinence was related to the
      splenomegaly. The possible mechanism is discussed. If absolutely necessary for
      control of fecal incontinence in this situation, splenectomy should be
      considered.

PMID- 3401113
TI  - Intracranial hemorrhage during systemic anticoagulation in patients with cerebral
      metastasis.

PMID- 3401114
TI  - Lactic acidosis and insulin resistance associated with epinephrine in a patient
      with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 3401115
TI  - Pericardial effusion associated with ascites.

PMID- 3401116
TI  - A model virus-cell system to study the persistence of African swine fever virus.
AB  - The persistence of African swine fever virus (ASFV) on Vero cells was induced by
      using 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (IDU). After the persistence was established,
      several cycles of decreasing virus production were observed with intervals in
      which no virus could be detected. These latency-like periods could last from 15
      to 25 days. After three and a half months the cells appeared to be "cured" and no
      virus was detected during almost three years. These "cured" cells (Vero-L) were
      more resistant to superinfection with the wild type virus, and when infected they
      always established persistence without drug addition characterized by a
      continuous virus production. The persistent virus isolated at passage 23rd from
      ASFV persistently infected Vero-L cells was different from wild type in a) the
      morphology of the plaque, b) its ability to replicate in Vero-L cells, and c)
      greater resistance to be inhibited by IDU in normal Vero cells (Vero-N). These
      results suggest that both, Vero cells and ASFV have changed during persistent
      infection.

PMID- 3401117
TI  - Difference in growth behavior of human, swine, equine, and avian influenza
      viruses at a high temperature.
AB  - Growth characteristics of a wide range of influenza A viruses from different
      mammals and bird species were examined in an established line of canine kidney
      (MDCK) cells at an ordinary (37 degrees C) and a high temperature (42 degrees C).
      Although all viruses employed in the present study possessed a capability of
      replicating at 37 degrees C, virus growth at 42 degrees C showed considerable
      variation and reflected differences in the natural hosts of the isolates. All
      reference strains and isolates from bird species grew well in the MDCK cells
      maintained at 42 degrees C, but human viruses did not, showing an asymmetrical
      growth behavior. In contrast to this, growth of swine and equine viruses showed
      growth characteristics intermediate between human and avian viruses. Of the two
      swine viruses examined, replication of one strain occurred equally well at both
      temperatures and another failed to grow at 42 degrees C. Similarly, two of the
      three equine viruses tested belonging to H3N8 antigenic subtypes grew at 42
      degrees C. However, the results obtained from comparison of plaque sizes and
      growth curves indicated that the replication of the above swine and equine
      viruses was restricted under a stringent temperature when compared to avian
      viruses. The detailed analysis of cloned viruses revealed that some of the swine
      and equine viruses contained two variants which are readily distinguished by
      growth behavior at 42 degrees C. Genome analysis of parental and virus clones by
      oligonucleotide mapping and migration profiles of RNA segments did not detect any
      differences among the above variants exhibiting the asymmetrical growth
      characteristics at 42 degrees C.

PMID- 3401118
TI  - The organization of the envelope projections on the surface of HIV.
AB  - The organization of envelope projections (knobs) of four different isolates of
      the human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 (HIV-1 and -2) was studied using
      surface replica and thin section electron microscopy (EM) in combination with
      rotational image enhancement. All HIV strains show an identical organization of
      knobs on the virus envelope. The surface of an "ideal", well-preserved HIV
      particle is studded with 72 knobs arranged in a T = 7 laevo symmetry. The role of
      the p 17 protein, which is coating the inner leaflet of the viral envelope, is
      discussed as a matrix protein functioning as a scaffold for the envelope and its
      projections during morphogenesis as well as with mature virions.

PMID- 3401120
TI  - Drug-packaging standards for eye drop medications.

PMID- 3401119
TI  - In vitro translation of tomato bushy stunt virus RNA.
AB  - In vitro translation of tomato bushy stunt (TBSV)-RNA in a rabbit reticulocyte
      system resulted in synthesis of five proteins P 18, P 25, P 34, P 35, and P 40.
      The P 40 protein was identified as the viral coat protein. Fractionation of TBSV
      RNA and subsequent translation provided evidence for the existence of discrete
      subgenomic RNAs.

PMID- 3401121
TI  - Corneal abrasion from accidental instillation of cyanoacrylate into the eye.

PMID- 3401122
TI  - Acute idiopathic blind spot enlargement without optic disc edema.

PMID- 3401123
TI  - Clinical evaluation of a photorefractor.

PMID- 3401124
TI  - Protection from operating microscope-induced retinal phototoxicity during pars
      plana vitrectomy.

PMID- 3401125
TI  - Treatment for inadvertent cyanoacrylate tarsorrhaphy: Case report.

PMID- 3401126
TI  - Inadvertent instillation of Hemoccult developer in the eye: Case report.

PMID- 3401127
TI  - Elective excision of permanent eyeliner. Case report.

PMID- 3401128
TI  - Lens-induced granulomatous uveitis following trabeculectomy. Case report.

PMID- 3401129
TI  - Inner retinal layer loss in complicated migraine. Case report.

PMID- 3401130
TI  - Sodium hydroxide masquerading as a contact lens solution. Case report.

PMID- 3401131
TI  - Back to the future: study looks at health care in the 1990s.

PMID- 3401132
TI  - Congenital and traumatic cataract. The effect on ocular axial length.
AB  - Elongation of the eye is one of the drawbacks of implanting intraocular lenses in
      children. To evaluate possible effects of cataract and aphakia on eye elongation,
      we measured the axial length in children with unilateral aphakia (15 children
      with congenital cataract and 27 with traumatic cataract) and in children with
      bilateral congenital cataract (operated on in 14 cases and not operated on in
      eight cases). In all cases of unilateral aphakia, the aphakic eye was
      consistently longer than the normal fellow eye. Excessive eye elongation was
      related to corresponding reduction in visual acuity. The presumed rate of
      elongation was quantitatively expressed using the time elapsed since surgery and
      the age of the child. In bilateral congenital cataract, the axial length measured
      in aphakic eyes that were operated on was similar to that in eyes that were not
      operated on. We suggest that unilateral cataract or aphakia is associated with
      excessive eye elongation of affected eyes. Eye elongation seems to be related to
      amblyopia and poor vision rather than to aphakia.

PMID- 3401133
TI  - Cotton-wool spots in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome compared with diabetes
      mellitus, systemic hypertension, and central retinal vein occlusion.
AB  - The cotton-wool spot is a common fundus finding in patients with many ocular and
      systemic diseases. We investigated the characteristics of cotton-wool spots in
      patients with four major diseases, ie, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome,
      diabetes mellitus, systemic hypertension, and central retinal vein occlusion, to
      see if any differences were detected in their number, size, or location. A
      composite of all the cotton-wool spots for each of these four categories was
      obtained by computed reconstruction to analyze variations in their distribution
      and size. The cotton-wool spots had a predilection for the temporal quadrants in
      the four categories and were smaller in patients with acquired immunodeficiency
      syndrome than the other groups. Patients with ischemic central retinal vein
      occlusion had more cotton-wool spots than the other groups. No other definite
      differences were detected. Cotton-wool spots than the other groups. No other
      definite differences were detected. Cotton-wool spots seem to be a common pathway
      following various insults to the retina, most probably of a vaso-occlusive
      origin.

PMID- 3401134
TI  - Pseudoretraction of the eyelid in thyroid-associated orbitopathy.
AB  - Two patients with previously stable thyroid-associated orbitopathy presented with
      the fairly sudden onset of apparent upper eyelid retraction in their nondominant
      eye, accompanied by asymmetry of the eyebrows, with elevation on the side without
      the eyelid retraction. No other signs of worsening of the orbitopathy were
      present, and instillation of 2.5% phenylephrine hydrochloride in the
      contralateral, dominant eye relieved the eyelid retraction and normalized the
      eyebrow position. At surgery, both patients were found to have levator
      aponeurogenic ptosis in the eyelid that appeared to be "normal." This occurrence
      is explained by Hering's law and should be considered in planning surgery to
      reestablish palpebral fissure symmetry in such patients.

PMID- 3401135
TI  - Retinal sensitivity over drusen and nondrusen areas. A study using fundus
      perimetry.
AB  - Elderly patients with drusen and good visual acuity have a decrease in dark
      adapted retinal sensitivity in the central retina. We used the fundus camera
      stimulator to determine whether this sensitivity loss is caused directly by the
      presence of drusen. We measured retinal sensitivity over drusen and in drusen
      free areas in eight patients with drusen and age-related macular degeneration
      (AMD). There was no significant difference in sensitivity between drusen and
      nondrusen areas in each patient. The sensitivity loss seen in patients with
      drusen thus seems to reflect a more diffuse disease of the retina and retinal
      pigment epithelium and is not a direct effect of drusen. More marked sensitivity
      losses are found in even small areas of more advanced AMD changes, suggesting
      that a large focal loss in retinal sensitivity may be an indicator of developing
      AMD changes.

PMID- 3401136
TI  - Bilateral cavernous sinus thrombosis due to mucormycosis.
AB  - A 49-year-old man requiring hemodialysis for end-stage renal disease developed
      orbital cellulitis and bilateral central retinal artery occlusions. Although
      cranial computed tomography demonstrated ethmoid and sphenoid sinusitis, two
      surgical biopsy specimens of sinus mucosa were nondiagnostic. Autopsy findings
      confirmed cerebral mucormycosis with bilateral cavernous sinus and carotid artery
      thrombosis. The patient had been taking deferoxamine for hemochromatosis, and
      this chelating agent may have been the predisposing factor in developing
      mucormycosis. We discuss the limitations of current neuroimaging techniques in
      establishing the diagnosis of both cerebral mucormycosis and cavernous sinus
      thrombosis.

PMID- 3401137
TI  - Orbital angiolipoma.
AB  - Successful resection of an orbital angiolipoma in a 3-year-old child was
      performed. To our knowledge, this is the first report of angiolipoma in this
      site.

PMID- 3401138
TI  - Prevention of pericyte ghost formation in retinal capillaries of galactose-fed
      dogs by aldose reductase inhibitors.
AB  - A distinguishing feature of early diabetic retinal vascular changes is the
      selective degeneration of pericytes (mural cells) from the retinal capillary
      vessels. Loss of these pericytes has been proposed to be associated with
      decreased capillary tonicity, the formation of microaneurysms, and vessel
      dilation. The role of aldose reductase in the progression of diabetic retinopathy
      has been investigated in age- and sex-matched beagles fed a 30% galactose diet
      with or without the aldose reductase inhibitors sorbinil or M79175. Eyes were
      periodically enucleated from dogs in each group and their retinal capillaries
      were examined as trypsin-digested flat preparations. Before the clinical
      appearance of retinal changes, pericyte ghost formation was observed in the eyes
      of three fourths of the dogs after 21 months and all of the dogs after 24 months
      of galactose feeding. Many of the capillaries containing pericyte ghosts
      demonstrated an apparent proliferation of endothelial cells and acellular
      vessels. No pericyte ghosts or abnormal findings were observed in retinas from
      either normal control (zero of nine) or galactose-fed dogs treated with aldose
      reductase inhibitors (zero of 16). These findings indicate that aldose reductase
      inhibitors can prevent the formation of pericyte ghosts and other subsequent
      capillary changes in experimental retinopathy.

PMID- 3401139
TI  - Multiple dosing increases the ocular bioavailability of topically administered
      flurbiprofen.
AB  - The ocular bioavailability of radiolabeled flurbiprofen was determined after
      single or multiple topical dosing of rabbits. Three doses at half-hour intervals
      of a 0.03% solution produced higher concentrations in the tissues than those
      after a single dose of either the 0.03% or the 0.1% solution. Three doses of
      0.03% flurbiprofen gave intraocular concentrations in the range that inhibits
      cyclo-oxygenase activity. Administration of more than three doses did not
      significantly increase the concentration of flurbiprofen in most tissues. The
      drug distribution pattern in the ocular tissues after multiple dosing was the
      same as after single dosing. Although multiple dosing with the 0.03%
      concentration resulted in higher tissue levels of flurbiprofen, increasing the
      concentration to 0.1% did not result in greater ocular bioavailability of the
      drug.

PMID- 3401140
TI  - Permeability of human cornea and sclera to sulfonamide carbonic anhydrase
      inhibitors.
AB  - Corneal penetration of sulfonamide carbonic anhydrase inhibitors for topical
      treatment of glaucoma has been tested in human eye bank and rabbit tissue. Paired
      corneas, with the epithelia intact or removed, and excised sclera were perfused
      in vitro. Corneal permeability (Kp) to methazolamide and ethoxzolamide was
      similar in both species, but for benzolamide and bromacetazolamide the Kp was
      greater in humans. Human corneas without epithelium had Kp the same as scleral
      Kp. Topical methazolamide (6 mmol/L) was studied in vivo in rabbits and in ten
      humans before cataract surgery. The mean (+/- SE) concentration in the rabbit
      aqueous was 3.2 +/- 1.4 mumol/L at eight minutes and 1.2 +/- 0.16 mumol/L at one
      hour. In humans, less than 0.2 mumol/L was detected at eight minutes; at one hour
      none was detected in three cases, and 0.4 +/- 0.08 mumol/L was detected in four
      cases. Lower permeability in humans than rabbits may result from a fourfold
      greater blinking rate, a twofold greater tear turnover, and a twofold lower
      corneal/conjunctival area.

PMID- 3401141
TI  - Transscleral neodymium-YAG cyclophotocoagulation. A histologic study of human
      autopsy eyes.
AB  - Transscleral cyclophotocoagulation was performed with a neodymium-YAG laser in
      the free-running mode (20-ms pulses) on eight human autopsy eyes. Variables
      studied were laser beam position and angle, defocusing, and pulse energy. Based
      on gross and histologic evaluation of the treated eyes, a tangential beam placed
      1.0 to 1.5 mm behind the limbus, with maximum defocusing and an energy setting of
      approximately 8 J, appears to provide the optimum probability of damaging the
      ciliary processes.

PMID- 3401142
TI  - Simple dacryops.

PMID- 3401143
TI  - Paired arcuate keratotomy. A surgical approach to mixed and myopic astigmatism.
AB  - Twenty-five cadaver eyes were used to study the effect of paired arcuate
      keratotomy on corneal astigmatic changes. Paired arcuate incisions placed at
      optical zones of 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 mm were progressively lengthened from 45
      degrees to 60 degrees, 90 degrees, and, finally, 120 degrees. The corneal
      flattening in the meridian centered over the incisions and the corneal steepening
      90 degrees away were quantified with each successive lengthening. Linear
      regression analysis showed a direct linear relationship of corneal astigmatic
      change (sum of corneal flattening and steepening, or delta K) to decreasing
      optical zone size as measured in millimeters and increasing incision length as
      measured in degrees. The delta K value ranged from 2.65 +/- 1.07 diopters to
      22.05 +/- 3.55 D. The flattening/steepening coupling ratio mean was 1.47 +/-
      0.41. Progressively longer paired arcuate incisions produced a predictable and
      titratable corneal flattening in the meridian centered over the incisions and a
      slightly smaller corneal steepening 90 degrees away, making the procedure ideal
      for mixed astigmatism.

PMID- 3401144
TI  - [The twenty-third conference of the Japanese Medical Society of Alcohol Studies.
      Kyoto, June 29-30, 1988. Abstracts].

PMID- 3401145
TI  - The pathology and aetiology of lung lesions in goats infected with caprine
      arthritis-encephalitis virus.
AB  - Fifty dairy goats, of various ages, sexes and breeds were selected for
      examination on the basis of positive serological reactions to caprine arthritis
      encephalitis virus (CAEV). Thirty-one had lung lesions including chronic
      interstitial pneumonia of caudal or cranioventral lobes, bronchopneumonia,
      verminous pneumonia, pulmonary cryptococcosis or combinations of these. The only
      infective agent recovered from all the chronic interstitial pneumonia cases
      examined was CAEV, which was also recovered from lung tissue of 3 goats with
      arthritis but no lung lesions. The presence of CAEV in lavaged alveolar
      macrophages from normal lung tissue and from lungs affected with chronic
      interstitial pneumonia and verminous pneumonia, and the demonstration of a marked
      increase in nonspecific esterase staining macrophages in areas of chronic
      interstitial pneumonia, are discussed in relation to the aetiology of the
      pneumonia.

PMID- 3401146
TI  - Bovine leptospirosis: microbiological and histological findings in cattle at
      slaughter.
AB  - Kidneys from cattle at slaughter were examined for the presence of leptospires.
      Of 218 (8.3%) kidneys leptospires were isolated from 18; all were identified as
      Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo. None of the leptospire-infected kidneys
      had histopathological lesions indicative of leptospirosis and leptospires were
      demonstrated in only 2 by immunogold silver staining. Leptospires infected
      kidneys remained viable for at least 21 days when stored at 4 degrees but became
      non-viable within 14 days when stored frozen at -15 degrees.

PMID- 3401147
TI  - A method of measuring the oviposition rate of the sheep blowfly, Lucilia cuprina
      under field conditions.
AB  - A simple technique, which allows sheep to be rendered temporarily susceptible to
      fly attack, is described and used to examine oviposition rates of Lucilia cuprina
      under field conditions. Oviposition rates are shown to be related to both fly
      activity and fly density. The question of Hobson's 'live sheep factor' in
      attracting L. cuprina to sheep is re-considered.

PMID- 3401148
TI  - Intoxication by tremorgenic mycotoxin (penitrem A) in a dog.
AB  - A 1-year-old Siberian Husky dog presented with severe muscle tremors after
      ingestion of a mouldy hamburger bun. Penicillium crustosum and the tremorgenic
      mycotoxin penitrem A were isolated from the remaining portion of the hamburger
      bun. When grown in pure culture, the isolate of P. crustosum produced large
      amounts of penitrem A, along with other penitrem compounds. This is the first
      reported Australian case of toxicosis by naturally occurring penitrem A.

PMID- 3401149
TI  - Effect of avermectin B1 and benzimidazole anthelmintics on worm egg output of
      treated cattle.

PMID- 3401150
TI  - Tumours of the paranasal sinuses in 16 horses.

PMID- 3401151
TI  - Intestinal pythiosis in a horse.

PMID- 3401152
TI  - Tyzzer's disease in a wombat.

PMID- 3401153
TI  - Isolation of Branhamella ovis from conjunctivae of Angora goats.

PMID- 3401154
TI  - Controlled parturition in sheep using clenbuterol hydrochloride.

PMID- 3401155
TI  - Ovine congenital progressive muscular dystrophy: mode of inheritance.

PMID- 3401157
TI  - Echinococcus granulosus infection in wild dogs in south-eastern New South Wales.

PMID- 3401156
TI  - Topical treatment of ovine keratoconjunctivitis.

PMID- 3401158
TI  - Plasma glucose levels in South Australian Merino ewes.

PMID- 3401159
TI  - Infestation of sheep with the stored product mite Sancassania berlesei
      (Acaridae).
AB  - A sheep reared outdoors in Victoria was found to be heavily infested with a
      stored product mite, Sancassania berlesei (Acaridae), apparently subsequent to an
      earlier flystrike. Laboratory observation revealed the infestation to be self
      sustaining. Shearing rapidly resolved the infestation but treatment with diazinon
      was ineffective. The infestation could be transferred to other sheep only in the
      presence of moisture; once established it caused an extensive skin lesion with
      considerable fluid loss, apparently contributing to the death of one animal. This
      lesion was extremely attractive to blowflies. Animals infested with mites showed
      few signs of irritation.

PMID- 3401160
TI  - Incidence of lameness requiring veterinary treatment in dairy cattle in
      Queensland.
AB  - A survey of the incidence of lesions causing lameness in dairy cattle was
      conducted by veterinarians in 9 practices in Queensland between November 1984 and
      July 1985. One hundred and eighty five cases were treated in 83 dairy herds. The
      average incidence of lameness which required treatment by veterinarians was 2.7
      cases per 100 cows per 9 months, with a range of 1.4 to 5.5% in the 9 practices.
      Foot lesions constituted 83.2% of all lesions; the most common being interdigital
      necrobacillosis (15%), deep sepsis (8.9%), white line disease (8.4 per cent),
      axial groove fissure (8.4%), bruised sole (5.6%) and foreign body in the
      sole/heel (5.6%). Sixty-five per cent of foot lesions occurred in the hind feet
      and 63% of these lesions occurred in the lateral claw, while 37% of foot lesions
      occurred in abnormally shaped claws. Limb lesions accounted for the remaining
      16.8% of lesions, and 50% of these lesions occurred in the hip and stifle, while
      trauma was the main cause of limb lesions.

PMID- 3401161
TI  - Chemotherapy of paramphistomosis in sheep.
AB  - Controlled trials were used to assess the efficacy of various anthelmintics
      against immature and adult paramphistomes in 75 experimentally or naturally
      infected sheep. Albendazole (20 mg/kg), praziquantel (10 mg/kg), nitroxynil (10
      mg/kg) triclabendazole (10 and 100 mg/kg), profenophos (25 mg/kg) and netobimin
      (15 mg/kg) had little or no activity against adult or immature fluke. Niclosamide
      at 100 mg/kg had high efficacy (99%) against intestinal fluke but none against
      adult fluke. A 2- tertiary-butyl benzthiazole compound (CGA 72630) at 25 mg/kg
      and resorantel at 65 mg/kg had very high efficacy against both adult and immature
      fluke in the rumen and small intestine respectively. The efficacy of other
      anthelmintics which have been used against paramphistomes in sheep is reviewed.

PMID- 3401162
TI  - Prevalence of bovine venereal disease in the Victoria River District of the
      Northern Territory: likely economic effects and practicable control measures.
AB  - Area prevalences of bovine Campylobacteriosis and Trichomoniasis in the Victoria
      River District (VRD) of the Northern Territory were determined by a survey of
      bulls. Eighty-seven percent of herds were infected with Campylobacteriosis and
      65.6 percent were infected with Trichomoniasis. The levels of infection recorded
      are likely to be causing significant reductions in reproductive rates. Control of
      Campylobacteriosis is unlikely to be practicable on a district basis, but in some
      herds it may be possible to implement control measures in select groups subject
      to good stock control. Trichomoniasis control measures are generally not
      implementable in the VRD management situation. Computer modelling suggests that
      control measures are unlikely to be profitable in commercial herds. There is a
      need for field investigations to confirm this.

PMID- 3401163
TI  - Treatment of bovine trichomoniasis with ipronidazole.

PMID- 3401164
TI  - Copper toxicity in sheep fed oil palm by-products.

PMID- 3401165
TI  - Avermectin toxicity in calves and an evaluation of picrotoxin as an antidote.

PMID- 3401166
TI  - Hypovitaminosis A in pigs.

PMID- 3401167
TI  - An evaluation of the Dirochek test for detection of Dirofilaria immitis antigen
      in dogs.

PMID- 3401169
TI  - Effect of reducing the boost dose of Fecundin on the reproductive performances of
      previously vaccinated ewes.

PMID- 3401168
TI  - Isolation of Brucella suis biotype 1 from a horse.

PMID- 3401170
TI  - Influence of F strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection on response of
      commercial layers to heat exposure.
AB  - Commercial layers were inoculated with F strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and
      housed in either conventional chicken houses or the lower-stress environment of
      biological isolation units. At the end of 2 weeks, all treatment groups were
      placed in environmental chambers and subjected to 4 hr of heat stress (40 C with
      a dew point of 21 C). Rectal temperature, an indicator of response to high heat,
      was monitored. Rectal temperatures of F strain MG-inoculated hens housed in the
      conventional chicken house environment were significantly higher than those of
      uninoculated controls, whereas rectal temperatures of hens held in isolation
      units were comparable to those of their uninoculated controls.

PMID- 3401171
TI  - Acid phosphatase activity of chondroclasts from Fusarium-induced tibial
      dyschondroplastic cartilage.
AB  - Tibial dyschondroplasia was induced in broiler chickens by oral administration of
      fusarochromanone, the toxic component of Fusarium equiseti. In two experiments,
      the activity of acid phosphatase in chondroclasts was assessed histochemically.
      Chicks were examined at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days of treatment in Expt. 1 and at 2,
      4, and 6 days of treatment in Expt. 2. The staining for acid phosphatase was
      consistently lower in fusarochromanone-treated chicks after 2 days of treatment
      than in age-matched controls, and the onset of this difference corresponded to
      the onset of lesions. However, the decrease in acid phosphatase staining
      intensity was significant only at day 21 in Expt. 1 and at day 6 in Expt. 2. The
      deficiency of acid phosphatase in chondroclasts was judged to be of insufficient
      magnitude to account for the accumulation of growth plate cartilage that
      characterizes tibial dyschondroplasia.

PMID- 3401172
TI  - Characterization of a battery of monoclonal antibodies for differentiation of
      Newcastle disease virus and pigeon paramyxovirus-1 strains.
AB  - Twenty monoclonal antibodies (MCAs) prepared against the velogenic GB-Texas
      strain of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and the type 1 pigeon paramyxovirus (PPMV
      1) were characterized and examined as potential immunodiagnostic reagents. All
      MCAs generated were found to bind specifically, but with varying reactivity, to
      various NDV strains in direct binding assays. In addition, MCA 15C4 neutralized
      and inhibited hemagglutination (HA) of all lentogenic, mesogenic, and velogenic
      NDV strains tested but not the PPMV-1 strain. Antibody 10D11 also inhibited HA
      activity, but inhibition was more selective and limited to the mesogenic and
      domestic or indigenous velogenic strains of NDV. MCA 79 reacted in all serologic
      assays with an antigenic site common to all serotype 1 avian paramyxoviruses.
      Passive immunization studies involving three different neutralizing MCAs (35, 79,
      and 15C4) showed that enhanced, but not complete, protection against virulent NDV
      challenge was provided when the three MCAs were administered in combination.

PMID- 3401173
TI  - F strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum vaccination of post-production-peak commercial
      Leghorns and its effect on egg and eggshell quality.
AB  - Forty-five-week-old commercial leghorns negative for antibodies to Mycoplasma
      gallisepticum (MG) and M. synoviae were vaccinated with high-passage F strain MG
      (FMG). Hens were confined in modified Horsfall-Bauer isolation units through 60
      weeks of age. Egg production (% hen day) and parameters of egg and eggshell
      quality were monitored, including egg weight, eggshell strength, Haugh unit
      score, pimpling, and blood/meat spot incidence. Egg production was significantly
      lower (P less than 0.05) for FMG vaccinates than controls (down 5.76% and 5.80%
      in Trials 1 and 2, respectively). However, vaccinates and controls did not differ
      significantly in eggshell strength, shell thickness, pimpling, or blood/meat spot
      incidence. Haugh unit scores were significantly (P less than 0.05) greater for
      FMG vaccinates. At necropsy, all reproductive tracts appeared grossly normal.
      These studies suggest that high-passage FMG vaccination of post-production-peak
      hens does not adversely affect oviduct function.

PMID- 3401174
TI  - Serological response of chickens either vaccinated or artificially infected with
      Haemophilus paragallinarum.
AB  - The serological response of chickens either vaccinated or artificially infected
      with Haemophilus paragallinarum (Hpg) serovar A or C was investigated using both
      a specific hemagglutinin (HA) antigen and a common HA antigen. With Hpg serovar
      A, both vaccinated and artificially infected chickens produced hemagglutination
      inhibition (HI) antibodies to Hpg serovar-specific and Hpg common HA antigens.
      Most chickens vaccinated with Hpg serovar C had detectable HI antibodies to both
      types of HA antigen by 3 weeks postvaccination, after which titers gradually
      declined. In contrast, most chickens artificially infected with serovar C
      produced HI antibodies to only the common HA antigen; very few of these chickens
      produced HI antibodies to the serovar-specific HA antigen.

PMID- 3401176
TI  - Colonization characteristics of Campylobacter jejuni in chick ceca.
AB  - We report our findings on several parameters influencing cecal colonization of
      chickens by Campylobacter jejuni. Thirty-five colony-forming units (CFU) of a
      composite culture of C. jejuni colonized the ceca of one-half of the newly
      hatched chicks challenged by oral gavage. A challenge dose of 3500 CFU/chick
      consistently colonized the ceca of all chicks challenged. Challenge doses of
      approximately 10(5) CFU of C. jejuni per chick resulted in consistent cecal
      colonization, regardless of whether the birds were challenged 1, 2, or 3 days
      post-hatch. Four isolates showed consistently strong cecal colonization
      abilities, whereas two isolates colonized the ceca in only 20 of 122 chicks when
      given levels of 10(5) CFU per chick. One of these poorly colonizing isolates was
      repeatedly transferred by fecal-oral passage through chicks; subsequently, this
      isolate was able to consistently colonize chicks. Competitive exclusion (CE)
      microflora did not diminish the colonization rates for C. jejuni. Birds treated
      with five different CE cultures were colonized at a rate of 81 of 84 chicks;
      control chicks were similarly consistently colonized (45 of 46 chicks).

PMID- 3401175
TI  - Pathogenicity of avian influenza viruses isolated from wild mallard ducks and
      domestic turkeys.
AB  - Groups of turkeys were exposed to different isolates of avian influenza virus
      from wild mallard ducks and domestic turkeys by the intracerebral, intravenous,
      intratracheal, and intra-airsac routes, and pathogenicity indices were
      calculated. For the intracerebral pathogenicity study, body weight was also
      measured. For intravenous, intratracheal, and intra-airsac pathogenicity studies,
      necropsy lesions were scored and serological responses were recorded. Only the
      intracerebral pathogenicity index and body weight gain post intracerebral
      infection demonstrated any differences between isolates. The other procedures
      failed to demonstrate any pathogenicity whatsoever. There was a correlation (R =
      0.73) between intracerebral pathogenicity index and reduced weight gain
      postinfection. These studies suggest that growth suppression may be an objective
      measure of pathogenic potential of influenza viruses found to be nonpathogenic by
      other methods.

PMID- 3401178
TI  - Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Bordetella avium.
AB  - A Bordetella avium enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed to
      detect serum antibodies in 1-day-old poults, experimentally infected turkeys, and
      naturally infected turkeys. The optimized procedure included use of a suspension
      of whole bacteria coated onto plastic microtiter plates, a 1:200 serum dilution,
      a 1:3200 dilution of commercially available goat anti-turkey IgG (heavy and light
      chain) conjugated with horseradish peroxidase, and 0.04% orthophenylenediamine as
      substrate. A sample/negative (S/N) ratio method of analysis was used to estimate
      antibody titer from absorbance values. The regression equation used to estimate
      antibody titers was derived from the testing of naturally infected turkey sera.
      The equation was derived by plotting the log10 titer of the sera against the S/N
      ratio at a 1:200 serum dilution. The ELISA was an effective method for detecting
      antibody to B. avium, and the procedure should prove useful for laboratories
      equipped for high-volume ELISA testing.

PMID- 3401177
TI  - Efficacy of viable and inactivated Newcastle disease virus vaccines in turkeys.
AB  - Market turkeys spray-vaccinated at 20 days of age with viable Newcastle disease
      virus (NDV) vaccine and challenged 7 weeks postvaccination failed to yield NDV by
      tracheal swabbing 4 days postchallenge but demonstrated serologic evidence of
      infection. Birds vaccinated subcutaneously with inactivated oil-emulsion (OE) NDV
      vaccine had virologic and serologic evidence of infection. Breeder hens
      vaccinated by spray with commercial La Sota vaccine at 19 weeks of age and
      revaccinated subcutaneously with OE vaccine at 32 weeks of age had an adequate
      level of resistance against a drop in egg production but demonstrated serologic
      evidence of infection when challenged with velogenic NDV at 38 weeks of age.

PMID- 3401179
TI  - Histologic incidence and distribution of Cryptosporidium sp. infection in
      chickens: 68 cases in 1986.
AB  - In 1986, a retrospective examination of histologic data determined that 68
      histology accessions at the Georgia Poultry Laboratories had a diagnosis of
      cryptosporidiosis. These cases represented 6.4% of the 1065 histologic
      examinations of chickens performed at the facility. Of the protozoan infections,
      only Eimeria sp. was diagnosed more frequently (105/1065 = 9.9%). Infected
      chickens came from 11 companies. Most of the cases were significantly (chi 2 =
      103, df = 10, P less than 0.001) associated with two of these companies. These
      chickens ranged in age from 14 to 51 days. The number of cases per age group was
      significantly correlated (r = 0.85, t = 3.98, df = 6, P less than 0.01) with the
      number of cases per age group of the population of histology accessions.
      Additionally, cases of cryptosporidiosis had a significantly (P less than 0.05)
      uneven temporal distribution in that few cases were diagnosed during the winter.

PMID- 3401180
TI  - Effect of pelleted feed on the incidence of ascites in broilers reared at low
      altitudes.
AB  - A study was conducted to investigate whether the use of pelleted feeds might
      influence the incidence of ascites in broilers reared at low altitudes (730
      meters above sea level). In two trials carried out under commercial conditions,
      broilers were fed practical-type rations from 1 day to 7 weeks of age, in either
      mash or pellet form. In both trials, low incidences of ascites (less than 5%)
      were recorded for broilers receiving feed as pellets. No cases of the syndrome
      were observed in birds fed mash, either in the field or at the processing plant.
      These data suggest that the positive relationship between pelleted feeds and
      incidence of ascites observed at high altitudes also exists at lower elevations.

PMID- 3401181
TI  - Stress and coronary heart disease.

PMID- 3401183
TI  - Science and psychoanalysis.

PMID- 3401182
TI  - AIDS anxiety.

PMID- 3401184
TI  - Disquiet on the research front.

PMID- 3401185
TI  - The work of Australian psychiatrists: the president replies.

PMID- 3401187
TI  - Persistent psychotic symptoms at discharge in patients with schizophrenia.
AB  - A sample of patients with DSM-III schizophrenia was examined and rated using
      Andreasen's Schedule for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS) and the
      Schedule for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS), soon after admission and
      in the week prior to discharge. A high proportion of the sample had persistent
      positive and negative symptoms at discharge. This finding is discussed in
      relation to the service demands placed on the hospital, changing government
      policies concerning hospital and community care, and the possible consequences of
      early discharge policies in the absence of adequate community services.

PMID- 3401186
TI  - The work of Australian psychiatrists, circa 1986.
AB  - A random sample of psychiatrists was asked to supply details about their last 20
      patients. Sixty percent responded. The median patient in treatment was aged 36
      and saw a psychiatrist in office practice once a month over a three year period.
      Forty-one percent of the patient case load suffered from a psychotic disorder,
      39% from a neurosis, and 6% from a personality disorder. Marital problems,
      problems in living and drug or alcohol dependence were infrequent reasons for
      consultation. Two positive conclusions were drawn: that the case load reflected
      the morbidity in the community, and that the prognosis for patients with
      personality disorders was better than usually expected. There were two areas of
      concern that may need attention: that insight and group psychotherapy require
      substantial numbers of treatment hours, and that behavioural psychotherapy is
      rarely used for patients with neurotic conditions.

PMID- 3401188
TI  - Clomipramine in obsessional disorders: a cautionary tale.
AB  - The author examines some dilemmas raised by the increasing use of clomipramine in
      the treatment of obsessional disorders. He presents a case vignette to illustrate
      some diagnostic, therapeutic and ethical concerns and suggests that by asking
      certain questions, pitfalls can be avoided.

PMID- 3401189
TI  - Two cases of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid associated with psychosis and
      violence.
AB  - Two cases are described in which serious violent acts occurred during the course
      of a psychotic illness and in which papillary carcinoma of the thyroid was later
      diagnosed. Several possible explanations are examined, including a suggestion
      that neuroendocrine changes reportedly associated with violence may have allowed
      existing thyroid cancers to grow so as to become clinically apparent.

PMID- 3401190
TI  - A proof of the beneficial effects of psychotherapy, with an evaluation of two
      competing models.
AB  - The heuristic evaluation (HE) of differential strategies (DS) for the dissipation
      of dysfunctional cognitive and affective psychopathology (DODCAAP) has been
      addressed with ongoing evaluative modalities (OEM) for many years without an
      emergent consensus concerning their meaningful effective roles (MER). Their
      strategic perspectives (SP) have been addressed in this study, and the attention
      deployment (AD), reactive vigilance (RV), process withdrawal reactivity (PWR) and
      other ongoing responses to two strategic modalities of intervention are addressed
      with investigational techniques (IT).

PMID- 3401192
TI  - Novel effect of chronic corticosterone treatment on escape behavior in rats.
AB  - Chronic administration of corticosterone in rats (4-35 mg/kg/day) produces a
      marked dose-dependent increase in the frequency of escape behavior observed when
      animals are held by the tail on a flat surface. The effect is fully developed
      after 3 days treatment. It is not the result of an increase in spontaneous motor
      activity since the hormone tends to reduce the latter behavior. Adrenalectomy
      decreases the escape behavior and tends to do so to a greater degree in rats
      subjected to chronic stress (restraint) than in nonstressed controls. The results
      suggest that endogenous corticosterone serves to maintain the above escape
      behavior during chronic stress.

PMID- 3401191
TI  - DSP4, a noradrenergic neurotoxin, impairs male rats' attraction to conspecific
      odors.
AB  - Olfactory investigation was examined in male Sprague-Dawley rats injected with 50
      mg/kg of the noradrenergic neurotoxin, DSP4, 10 days before testing. In a two
      choice preference test, the odor of pine shavings from the nest of a female and
      her litter attracted sexually experienced control males, but not drug-treated
      males. Further, odors from anesthetized females increased the mean number of
      entries made by control males, but not drug-treated males, into a cage containing
      pups' nest shavings. Combining a novel odor with nest shavings significantly
      reduced the number of entries made by both groups of males. Drug treatment
      decreased norepinephrine (NE) levels by 66, 62, and 68% in the olfactory cortex,
      olfactory bulb, and frontal cortex, respectively. Dopamine concentrations were
      not significantly affected. NE concentrations in the heart, and serotonin levels
      in the olfactory bulb, were moderately depleted (by 37 and 40%, respectively).
      The results support the view that central NE modulates systems regulating
      attraction to conspecific odors in male rats.

PMID- 3401193
TI  - The detection of certain predators via olfaction by small-mouthed salamander
      larvae (Ambystoma texanum).
AB  - Larvae of the small-mouthed salamander (Ambystoma texanum) showed an increase in
      refuge use when exposed to chemical cues from a predaceous fish. The percentage
      of time spent outside of refuge was significantly reduced relative to controls
      when larvae were exposed to chemical cues from fish, but was not different from
      the controls when larvae were exposed to chemical cues from three other potential
      predators. A. texanum larvae responded to these chemical cues via olfaction.
      Larvae that had their external nares plugged with a gelatinous paste did not
      respond to fish cues, while sham-treated larvae showed an avoidance of fish cues.

PMID- 3401195
TI  - Age-related changes in working and reference memory performance and locomotor
      activity in the Wistar rat.
AB  - Wistar rats of three age groups were tested in an automated tunnel-maze system of
      variable geometry to investigate whether changes in spontaneous locomotor
      activity and in learning and memory develop differentially or in a correlated
      fashion as a function of age. Senescent (30 months) as well as mature-adult (17
      months) rats showed an age-correlated decline of locomotor activity as compared
      to the mature-young (5 months) group. Both working-memory (measured as within
      trial arm discrimination performance) and reference-memory (measured as avoidance
      of "blind alley" visits) were severely affected in the senescent group, whereas
      the middle-aged animals suffered only from a working-memory deficit. The findings
      provide evidence that locomotor deficits do not necessarily interfere in the
      assessment of age-related changes in cognitive performance. Furthermore the
      results support the hypothesis that working and reference memory have different
      underlying physiological correlates and that these neuronal systems are
      differentially affected by the aging process.

PMID- 3401194
TI  - Ontogenetic differences in conditioning of an aversion to a gustatory CS with a
      peripheral US.
AB  - Rats 5, 10, or 15 days postnatal were given six pairings of an infused sucrose
      solution and footshock. Conditioned aversion to the sucrose solution was
      confirmed for the 5- and 10-day-old pups, but no conditioning was evident for the
      15-day-old pups (Experiments 1 and 1A). In Experiment 2 the ventral portion of
      the rat's body was insulated from the shock source in order to isolate its effect
      on the feet and minimize visceral consequences of the shock. The sucrose-shock
      conditioning occurred as before. These results may have implications for the
      postnatal development of cue-consequence specificity, suggesting that such
      specificity may in part be learned. The present results also raise the
      possibility that sources of discomfort may be relatively undifferentiated in the
      perinatal rat.

PMID- 3401196
TI  - Excessive grooming induced by the administration of codeine and morphine.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that peripheral injections of the codeinone RX 336-M
      can induce excessive grooming in rats in an age-dependent fashion. The present
      experiment demonstrates that codeine, itself, also induces excessive grooming but
      with apparent equal effectiveness at all ages tested. Because of the structural
      similarity between codeine and morphine, the effects of intraperitoneally
      administered morphine were examined as well. Morphine was found to produce a
      temporal course of excessive grooming quite different from that produced by
      codeine. Morphine did not affect grooming in the first half (30 min) of the
      observation period, but accentuated it, briefly, for the next 30-45 min.
      Intraventricular administration of codeine at doses of 0.3 or 1.0 microgram/3
      microliter had no effect on grooming in animals previously shown to demonstrate
      excessive grooming in response to either dose.

PMID- 3401197
TI  - Dissociation of data-based and expectancy-based memory following hippocampal
      lesions in rats.
AB  - Sham-operated and nonoperated animals or animals with hippocampal lesions were
      presented with sets of trials to test both expectancy-based and data-based memory
      within the same task. During the study phase of each trial the animals were
      presented with a constant sequence of five arms on an eight-arm radial maze
      followed by a test phase in which a recognition test requiring a win-stay rule
      was used. Expectancy-based memory was measured during the study phase of the
      trials as a pattern of correct or incorrect orienting responses in anticipation
      of the ensuing doors in the constant sequence. Both groups of animals acquired
      correct orienting responses at the same rate, emitted the same pattern of correct
      orienting responses, and made the same number and pattern of intralist and
      extralist intrusion errors. Data-based memory was measured during the test phase
      of the trial as correct recognition test performance. During the test phase the
      animals with hippocampal lesions were impaired relative to controls on both
      immediate and 24-h recognition tests. These results suggest that the hippocampus
      might mediate only data-based, but not expectancy-based, memory and imply a
      possible dissociation between expectancy-based and data-based memory systems.

PMID- 3401198
TI  - Multiunit changes in hippocampus and medial geniculate body in free-behaving rats
      during acquisition and retention of a conditioned response to a tone.
AB  - Multiunit activity (MUA) was recorded chronically in the hippocampus (CA3) and
      the medial geniculate body (mMG) during habituation to a tone followed by
      conditioning (tone paired with footshock) or pseudoconditioning (tone/footshock
      unpaired) in rats previously trained in a lever-pressing for food task (VI 60).
      In the conditioned group pairing tones with footshocks rapidly induced an
      increase in the initial CS-evoked response in the mMG, followed by the emergence
      of a hippocampal response and a marked conditioned suppression of lever-pressing
      to the tone. In contrast, in the pseudoconditioned group, the stimulus induced
      only transient cellular changes in the hippocampus and in the mMG, while no
      behavioral suppression to the tone could be seen. Moreover, presentations of the
      CS 45 days later induced multiunit and behavioral responses in both structures,
      only in the conditioned group. These results are used for discussion of the role
      of learning-induced changes in the sensory structure (mMG) as compared with
      changes in an associative structure (hippocampus), during acquisition and
      retention of a conditioned response.

PMID- 3401199
TI  - [Lactic acid concentration of the blood of trotting horses and its modification
      by muscle activity in the recovery phase].

PMID- 3401200
TI  - [The effect of zinc bacitracin on the energy metabolism of hens].

PMID- 3401202
TI  - [Detection of a Trichinella spiralis infection of more than 40 years duration in
      a human. Comparison of two direct detection methods common for diagnosis].

PMID- 3401201
TI  - [The morphology of the skeletal muscle-tendon junction].

PMID- 3401203
TI  - [Hygiene problems in the catering food supply with reference to mass
      preparation].

PMID- 3401205
TI  - [Cachexia syndrome in a donkey mare due to a toxic infectious enteritis. 3.
      Hyperlipemia as a secondary complication].

PMID- 3401204
TI  - [Field studies of anthelmintic resistance of trichostrongylids in Hessian sheep
      herds].

PMID- 3401207
TI  - [The occurrence of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. in primates of the species
      Macaca mulatta and Macaca arctoides in a laboratory animal facility].

PMID- 3401206
TI  - [Requirements for disinfectants for food areas. 1. List of tested disinfectants
      of the German Veterinary Association].

PMID- 3401208
TI  - [An unusual location of a foreign body].

PMID- 3401209
TI  - [The suitability of data of culling frequency for the estimation of health status
      in dairy herds].

PMID- 3401210
TI  - Distinction between major chloroquine-inhibitable and adrenergic-responsive
      pathways of protein degradation and their relation to tissue ATP content in the
      Langendorff isolated perfused rat heart.
AB  - In the Langendorff isolated perfused rat heart, 36% of total basal protein
      degradation was inhibited by the lysosomal inhibitor chloroquine (30 microM),
      after elimination of rapid turnover proteins during a 3 h preliminary degradation
      period. Prior inhibition of degradation with chloroquine was additive to the 30%
      inhibition caused by simultaneous infusion of 50-200 nM-isoprenaline. This
      additivity suggests that the adrenergic-controlled process is independent of the
      lysosomal degradative pathway. After discontinuation of drug infusions, the
      isoprenaline-inhibited degradation rate returned to the previous baseline;
      however, the chloroquine-inhibited degradation rate transiently exceeded the
      previous baseline. NaN3 (0.3 mM) caused a decrease of left-ventricular myocardial
      ATP content of approx. 60% at 14 min and extreme impairment of contractile
      function; however, the total lysosomal and non-lysosomal protein degradation was
      not changed at this time. Conversely, left-ventricular tissue ATP content was not
      changed during proteolytic inhibition by 10 nM-isoprenaline or 10 microM
      chloroquine at 14 min. The results indicate that depletion of myocardial energy
      stores in this preparation is neither necessary nor sufficient to cause
      inhibition of the total of lysosomal and non-lysosomal protein degradation.

PMID- 3401211
TI  - Biosynthesis, assembly and secretion of fibrinogen in cultured rat hepatocytes.
AB  - The biosynthesis, assembly and secretion of fibrinogen were investigated in
      cultured rat hepatocytes which were incubated with [35S]methionine. When initial
      rates of the synthesis of three fibrinogen subunits were compared, the A alpha
      subunit was found to be synthesized significantly slower than the B beta- and
      gamma-subunits. Pulse-chase experiments revealed that the secreted fibrinogen
      contained different proportions of the newly synthesized subunits, depending upon
      the chase times. Radioactivity in the A alpha subunit, which initially had the
      highest level of the three, was rapidly decreased in parallel with the chase
      time. The gamma-subunit had an increasing amount of the radioactivity in the
      secreted molecule during the chase periods, whereas that in the B beta-subunit
      was gradually decreased at the later stages of chase. Analysis of intracellular
      components of fibrinogen confirmed that the nascent A alpha-subunit was most
      rapidly exhausted, and the gamma-subunit occupied the largest proportion among
      the non-assembled subunits at later stages of chase. Taken together, these
      results suggest that the synthesis of A alpha-subunit, which has the lowest rate,
      could be the rate-limiting step in the production and secretion of fibrinogen in
      cultured rat hepatocytes, in contrast with what has been proposed for human and
      rabbit fibrinogen, namely that the synthesis of B beta-subunit is the rate
      limiting step. The results also indicate that there is a large intracellular pool
      of gamma-subunit.

PMID- 3401213
TI  - Interaction of cytochrome b5 with surfactant vesicles.
AB  - Changes in the u.v.-visible absorption spectrum of cytochrome b5 which occur upon
      addition of dicetyl phosphate, dimyristoyl phosphatidic acid (DMPA), or mixed
      DMPA/dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine vesicles are consistent with haem transfer
      from the cytochrome to the membrane via an intermediate haemoprotein species. The
      effects of vesicle charge and concentration on the kinetics of haem transfer are
      discussed.

PMID- 3401212
TI  - Interaction of botulinum and tetanus toxins with the lipid bilayer surface.
AB  - The interaction of botulinum neurotoxins serotypes A, B and E (from Clostridium
      botulinum) and of tetanus neurotoxin (from Clostridium tetani) with the surface
      of liposomes made of different lipid compositions was studied by photolabelling
      with a radioiodinated photoactive phosphatidylethanolamine analogue [125I
      dipalmitoyl (3,4-azidosalicylamido)phosphatidylethanolamine]. When the vesicles
      were made of negatively charged lipids (asolectin), each of these neurotoxic
      proteins was radioiodinated, thus providing evidence for their attachment to the
      membrane surface. The presence of gangliosides on liposome membranes enhanced
      fixation of the neurotoxic proteins to the lipid vesicle surface. Both the heavy
      and light chains of the clostridial neurotoxins were involved in the attachment
      to the lipid bilayer surface. Each of the toxins tested here attached poorly to
      liposomes made of zwitterionic lipids (egg phosphatidylcholine), even when
      polysialogangliosides were present. The data suggest that the binding of
      botulinum and tetanus neurotoxins to their target neuronal cells involves
      negatively charged lipids and polysialogangliosides on the cell membrane.

PMID- 3401214
TI  - Semi-synthetic aequorin. An improved tool for the measurement of calcium ion
      concentration.
AB  - The photoprotein aequorin isolated from the jellyfish Aequorea emits blue light
      in the presence of Ca2+ by an intramolecular process that involves chemical
      transformation of the coelenterazine moiety into coelenteramide and CO2. Because
      of its high sensitivity to Ca2+, aequorin has widely been used as a Ca2+
      indicator in various biological systems. We have replaced the coelenterazine
      moiety in the protein with several synthetic coelenterazine analogues, providing
      semi-synthetic Ca2+-sensitive photoproteins. One of the semi-synthetic
      photoproteins, derived from coelenterazine analogue (II) (with an extra ethano
      group), showed highly promising properties for the measurement of Ca2+, namely
      (1) the rise time of luminescence in response to Ca2+ was shortened by approx. 4
      fold compared with native aequorin and (2) the luminescence spectrum showed two
      peaks at 405 nm and 465 nm and the ratio of their peak heights was dependent on
      Ca2+ concentration in the range of pCa 5-7, thus allowing the determination of
      [Ca2+] directly from the ratio of two peak intensities. Coelenterazine analogue
      (I) (with a hydroxy group replaced by an amino group) was also incorporated into
      apo-aequorin, yielding a Ca2+-sensitive photoprotein, which indicates that an
      electrostatic interaction between the phenolate group in the coelenterazine
      moiety and some cationic centre in apo-aequorin is not important in native
      aequorin, contrary to a previous suggestion.

PMID- 3401215
TI  - Renal glomerular proteoglycans. An investigation of their synthesis in vivo using
      a technique for fixation in situ.
AB  - Newly synthesized rat glomerular [35S]proteoglycans were labelled in vivo after
      injecting Na2[35S]SO4 intraperitoneally. At the end of the labelling period (7 h)
      the kidneys were perfused in situ with 0.01% (w/v) cetylpyridinium chloride. This
      fixed proteoglycans in the tissue and increased their recovery 2-3-fold during
      subsequent isolation of glomeruli from the renal cortex. The glomeruli were
      fractionated by a modified osmotic lysis and detergent extraction procedure
      [Meezan, Brendel, Hjelle & Carlson (1978) in The Biology and Chemistry of
      Basement Membranes (Kefalides, N.A., ed.), Academic Press, New York; Kanwar &
      Farquhar (1979) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 76, 4493-4497] to obtain a basement
      membrane preparation. The proteoglycans released at each stage of the procedure
      were characterized using DEAE-Sephacel ion-exchange chromatography,
      chondroitinase ABC and HNO2 digestion and Sepharose CL-4B gel-permeation
      chromatography. About 85% of the [35S]proteoglycans synthesized were of the
      heparan sulphate variety, the remainder being chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans.
      Three sizes of heparan sulphate proteoglycans were identified. The largest (HS1,
      Kav. 0.47) accounts for 44% of the total extractable heparan sulphates. About one
      third of HS1 were extracted from the glomerular basement-membrane fraction with 8
      M-urea and 4 M-guanidine hydrochloride but the remainder were released from the
      glomerulus during preparation of the fraction. The two smaller molecules (HS2,
      Kav. 0.56 and HS3, Kav. 0.68) accounted for 27% and 28% of the extractable
      heparan sulphate respectively and were not associated with the basement membrane
      fraction. HS1, HS2 and HS3 were also isolated from non-fixed glomeruli labelled
      in vivo but with much lower recovery. In glomeruli labelled in vitro, heparan
      sulphate accounted for only 35% of the proteoglycans, the remainder being of the
      chondroitin sulphate type. Proteoglycans similar to HS1, HS2 and HS3 were present
      in glomeruli labelled in vitro but, in addition, a large, highly charged heparan
      sulphate (HS1a) was extracted from the glomerular basement-membrane fraction of
      these glomeruli. It accounted for 6% of the total heparan sulphate.

PMID- 3401216
TI  - Electric shock-mediated transfection of cells. Characterization and optimization
      of electrical parameters.
AB  - The effect of various parameters on the electric shock-mediated permeabilization
      and transfection of CHO cells has been investigated. Up to 70% of the cells can
      be maintained transiently permeable to erythrosin B for periods of at least 1 h
      at 20 degrees C. Electrical conditions optimal for transient permeabilization
      were also optimal for efficient DNA transfection by pSV2neo. However, the DNA
      must be present during exposure to the electric field for efficient
      transformation. The same requirement existed for voltage-induced DNA toxicity.
      The results suggest that DNA moves into the cells by electrophoresis, not by
      simple diffusion. Based on these observations a simple, rapid procedure for
      optimizing the conditions for electric shock-mediated DNA transfer into cells has
      been developed.

PMID- 3401217
TI  - Palmitate inhibits liver glycolysis. Involvement of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate in
      the glucose/fatty acid cycle.
AB  - In hepatocytes from overnight-fasted rats incubated with glucose, palmitate
      decreased the production of lactate, the detritiation of [2-3H]- and [3-3H]
      glucose, and the concentration of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate. Similarly, perfusion
      of hearts from fed rats with beta-hydroxybutyrate resulted in an inhibition of
      the detritiation of [3-3H]glucose and a fall in fructose 2,6-bisphosphate
      concentration. This fall could result from an increase in citrate (hepatocytes
      and heart) and sn-glycerol 3-bisphosphate concentration. It is suggested that a
      fall in fructose 2,6-bisphosphate concentration participates in the inhibition of
      glycolysis by fatty acids and ketone bodies.

PMID- 3401218
TI  - Purification and characterization of a tyrosine-specific protein kinase of Mr
      60,000 and comparison with a kinase of Mr 56,000 from rat spleen.
AB  - A tyrosine-specific protein kinase of Mr 60,000 (TK-I) was purified to near
      homogeneity from the particulate fraction of rat spleen. The purification
      procedure involved sequential chromatography of the detergent-solubilized enzyme
      on DEAE-Sephacel and hydroxyapatite columns. Polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis
      under denaturing conditions showed one major polypeptide, of Mr 60,000. Gel
      filtration of the enzyme on Sephacryl S-200 column showed a single peak of kinase
      activity, of apparent Mr 60,000. On incubation with [gamma-32P]ATP, it showed a
      phosphoprotein of Mr 60,000 as a result of autophosphorylation. The
      autophosphorylation of the kinase occurred only at tyrosine residues. Incubation
      of TK-I with ATP (but not with ADP) resulted in an increase in its tyrosine
      specific protein kinase activity. The time course of autophosphorylation of TK-I
      was very similar to the time course of activation by ATP. These and other
      experiments suggest that autophosphorylation might be responsible for activation
      of TK-I observed on incubation with ATP. A second tyrosine-specific protein
      kinase (TK-II) was isolated from the particulate fraction of rat spleen. A highly
      purified preparation of TK-II on incubation with [gamma-32P]ATP gave a major
      phosphoprotein, of Mr 56,000. TK-II was different from TK-I in several
      properties: (a) substrate specificity; (b) chromatographic behaviour; (c)
      phosphopeptide maps; and (d) inhibition by tosyl-lysylchloromethane. Antisera
      raised against TK-I did not cross-react with TK-II. These results suggest that TK
      I and TK-II are distinct proteins, perhaps coded by two different genes.

PMID- 3401220
TI  - Purification and properties of 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid 3-hydroxylase from
      Pseudomonas putida.
AB  - 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid 3-hydroxylase is a key enzyme in the pathway for the
      microbial degradation of phenylalanine, tyrosine and many aromatic amines. This
      enzyme was purified to homogeneity from Pseudomonas putida by affinity
      chromatography. The protein had a molecular weight of 91,000 and was a dimer of
      identical subunits. It was a typical external flavoprotein monooxygenase and
      showed an absolute requirement of NADH for activity. The enzyme had a pH optimum
      of 7.5 and the Km values for 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid and NADH were 2 x 10(-4)
      M and 5.9 x 10(-5) M respectively. It was strongly inhibited by heavy metal ions
      and thiol reagents, suggesting the possible involvement of -SH group(s) in enzyme
      reaction.

PMID- 3401219
TI  - Effect of glycerol on the molecular properties of cerebrosides, sulphatides and
      gangliosides in monolayers.
AB  - The presence of glycerol, free from surface-active impurities, modifies the
      molecular area, surface potential/molecule and thermodynamic parameters of
      compression of monolayers of galactosylceramide, sulphatide and gangliosides GM1,
      GD1a and GT1b. This may be due to changes of the composition and structural
      properties of the glycosphingolipid solvation shell with an influence on the
      intermolecular organization.

PMID- 3401221
TI  - An analysis in human lymphomas of a J alpha region involved in a c-myc/J alpha
      translocation; relationship with TCR alpha, beta, and gamma rearrangements.
AB  - The D14S7 locus defines the breakpoint on chromosome 14 of a t (8;14) (q24;q11)
      present in the T-cell line KE37-R in which DI4S7 sequences translocate 3' to the
      c-myc oncogene. It has been shown previously that DI4S7 rearranges specifically
      in some but not all T cell clones and in the present study we investigated the
      frequency and specificity of its rearrangements in human fresh lymphoma samples.
      DI4S7 rearrangements were extremely specific since they were detected in 3 out of
      5 T-cell lymphoma samples positive for TCR beta and gamma but not in 17
      miscellaneous non-T lymphomas, 4 non neoplastic lymphnodes as well as
      unstimulated and activated polyclonal T-cells. Most of the rearrangements were in
      the form of deletions that appear to involve large pieces of DNA since the
      segments detected by a V alpha probe were also deleted. Rearrangement of DI4S7
      and V alpha regions were detected in lymphomas with a cortical thymocyte
      phenotype, demonstrating that they appear quite early in the differentiation of T
      cells.

PMID- 3401222
TI  - Identification of a 15 kilodalton actin binding region on gizzard caldesmon
      probed by chemical cross-linking.
AB  - Fluorescent labeling, limited proteolysis, amino acid sequence determinations,
      affinity chromatography and specific chemical crosslinking were used to determine
      the smallest fragment of gizzard caldesmon that interacts with actin. The time
      course of cleavage with thrombin or submaxillaris arginase-C protease indicates
      that 90kDa and 35kDa fragments are the two major pieces of the 120kDa native
      protein. Amino acid sequence determination indicates that the 90kDa fragment is
      the N-terminal portion of the molecule. Further degradation gave rise to a 15kDa
      product whose N-terminal amino acid sequence was determined within the first 28
      amino acids. Carbodiimide crosslinking with actin revealed that the 15kDa part of
      the molecule is probably not involved in the actin binding process but may
      participate in a twisting of the F-actin filament and be responsible of the
      caldesmon regulatory function during smooth muscle contraction.

PMID- 3401223
TI  - Lipoprotein secretion by human monocyte derived macrophages.
AB  - Cholesterol-loaded human monocyte derived macrophages secrete distinct class of
      lipoprotein. Following macrophages incubation in serum-free medium containing
      [14C]-oleic acid the cells secrete lipoprotein associated radioactivity that was
      found in triglycerides, phospholipids and cholesteryl ester. Macrophage
      lipoprotein secretion was analyzed by non-denatured gradient gel electrophoresis,
      agarose lipoprotein electrophoresis and discontinuous density gradient
      ultracentrifugation. The lipoprotein secreted by human macrophages was shown to
      be triglyceride-enriched and contain a protein resembling apolipoprotein E.

PMID- 3401224
TI  - Formation of acetaldehyde adducts with ethanol-inducible P450IIE1 in vivo.
AB  - Hepatic microsomes, obtained from rats pair-fed liquid diets supplemented with
      either ethanol or an isocaloric amount of carbohydrates (for 4 weeks), were
      subjected to crossed immunoelectrophoresis. Anti-acetaldehyde adduct-specific
      immunoglobulin reacted on the protein blots with a single major 52,000 dalton
      polypeptide. This same protein was recognized by antibodies specific for
      P450IIE1, an ethanol-inducible P450 isozyme. Furthermore, a single protein, also
      reactive with anti-P450IIE1 IgG, was isolated from liver microsomes of ethanol
      fed rats by immunoaffinity chromatography on Sepharose-conjugated anti
      acetaldehyde adduct IgG. These results indicate that P450IIE1 is a target protein
      for acetaldehyde binding in liver microsomes in vivo.

PMID- 3401225
TI  - Purification and characterization of a lethal toxin from the venom of Heloderma
      horridum horridum.
AB  - A lethal toxin was isolated from the venom of Heloderma h. horridum by gel
      filtration and ion-exchange chromatography. Molecular weight of the purified
      toxin was determined to be 28 kDa under reducing and nonreducing conditions.
      Biological activity, assayed by i.v. routes of injection, shows an LD50 for this
      preparation of 0.135 micrograms/g. Additionally, the toxin possesses an
      inhibitory effect on direct electrical stimulation of the isolated mouse hemi
      diaphragm. However, neither hemorrhagic nor hemolytic activities were detected.
      Phospholipase A2 activity, proteolytic activity and arginine esterolytic activity
      were absent. The amino acid composition of the lethal toxin and the NH2-terminal
      sequence up to residue number 33 were determined. Neither show similarities to
      other components from H. h. horridum venom.

PMID- 3401226
TI  - Accumulation of large VLDL in cyclophosphamide treated rabbits. Relationship with
      lipoprotein lipase deficiency.
AB  - Rabbit very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) have been fractionated by heparin
      sepharose chromatography into two subpopulations: an unretained fraction (UR) and
      a retained fraction (R). The separation profiles of VLDL from cyclophosphamide
      treated rabbits differed from those obtained in normal animals: UR fraction was
      far more important in treated rabbits than in control animals. Comparative
      studies of the two VLDL subfractions isolated from treated rabbits have been
      performed. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in presence of urea showed a
      similar distribution in both fractions of apolipoproteins X, a group of low
      molecular weight apolipoproteins detected after antimitotic therapy. SDS -
      polyacrylamide electrophoresis revealed the presence of one form of
      apolipoprotein B: apo B100 in the VLDL from treated rabbits giving evidence of
      their hepatic origin. Relative to the R-fraction, the UR-fraction was
      characterized by an increased triacylglycerol content and a larger diameter as
      observed by electron microscopy. In vitro incubations with lipoprotein lipase and
      reisolation of postlipolysis particles suggest that both VLDL fractions can
      undergo metabolic conversion to LDL. A decrease of lipoprotein lipase activity
      after treatment, as previously observed, may thus explain the accumulation of the
      large VLDL.

PMID- 3401227
TI  - Short-term inhibition of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I activity in rat
      hepatocytes incubated with ethanol.
AB  - Ethanol decreased the activity of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I and the rate
      of fatty acid oxidation in rat hepatocytes in short-term incubations. These
      effects were mimicked by acetaldehyde, the product of hepatic ethanol metabolism,
      and were absent when ethanol oxidation was prevented by 4-methylpyrazole. Ethanol
      was also able to increase intracellular malonyl-CoA levels. The results suggest
      that inhibition of fatty acid translocation into mitochondria may play an
      important role in the ethanol-induced inhibition of hepatic fatty acid oxidation.

PMID- 3401229
TI  - Vitamin E inhibits protein kinase C activity.
AB  - Vitamin E (dl-alpha-tocopherol) has been found to inhibit in vitro brain protein
      kinase c with a half inhibitory concentration of 450 microM. The known plasma
      concentrations of vitamin E are one order of magnitude lower than the protein
      kinase c half-inhibitory concentration but it is also known that, at the membrane
      level where the active protein kinase c is located, the lipophilic vitamin E is
      more concentrated (Burton, G.W., Joyce, A. and Ingold, K.U. and Locke, S. (1983)
      Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 221, 281-290). It appears that vitamin E, in addition to
      its antioxidant function, may play a role in regulating the activity of protein
      kinase c.

PMID- 3401228
TI  - A monoclonal antibody that inhibits opioid binding to rat brain membranes.
AB  - To understand the structure-function relationship and to probe the molecular
      characteristics of the purified opioid receptor, monoclonal antibodies (mab) were
      raised against a purified opioid receptor protein. After intensive screening of
      almost 1500 hybridoma cell lines, only 7 clones were shown to have very high
      immunoreactivity against the purified receptor. Moreover, out of these 7 clones,
      only 2, 3B4F11 and 3A27G, were found to inhibit the ligand binding property of
      the mu-opioid receptor. The mab 3B4F11 was found to inhibit 3H-diprenorphine
      binding to the purified receptor in a dose dependent manner with a maximal
      inhibition of 100% achieved with 20 micrograms of the antibody. Likewise, Fab
      fragments prepared from the mabs 3B4F11 inhibited 3H-diprenorphine binding to P2
      membranes in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, it was found that the binding
      of 3H-DAGO, 3H-DPDPE and 3H-EKC was inhibited with approximately equal potency,
      suggesting that the Fabs prepared from the mab 3B4F11 interact with all 3
      receptor types.

PMID- 3401230
TI  - DNA repair in lymphocytes from humans and rats with chronic iron overload.
AB  - A marked reduction of the proliferative capability after a mitogenic stimulus and
      a dramatic decrease of the capacity to repair DNA damages were found in
      lymphocytes from iron overloaded rats. These immunological parameters were not
      significantly different from controls in peripheral blood lymphocytes from
      patients with primary iron overload: hereditary hemochromatosis and porphyria
      cutanea tarda. This discrepancy could be due to the accelerated modality of iron
      overload in the rat model and to the fact that rat lymphocytes were obtained from
      an highly iron repleted microenvironment (i.e. spleen). Our data indicate that
      iron overload can affect the structure and/or the function of cellular DNA thus
      offering new insights on the close association of iron overload conditions and
      cancer.

PMID- 3401231
TI  - Molecular cloning, cDNA structure and deduced amino acid sequence for the hormone
      induced regulatory subunit (RII beta) of cAMP-dependent protein kinase from rat
      ovarian granulosa cells.
AB  - The regulatory subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase designated RII beta
      (RII51) has previously been shown to be the product of a separate gene. This was
      accomplished by the molecular cloning of a partial cDNA clone estimated to lack
      30-45 nucleotides of the 5' end of the coding region. We hereby report the
      isolation of a cDNA clone for RII beta from rat granulosa cells, extending 43
      nucleotides further 5' compared with the previously published cDNA sequence, and
      from which the entire amino acid sequence (415 residues) of the rat RII beta
      protein can be deduced. A cAMP regulated mRNA of 3.2 kilobases (kb) for RII beta
      was detected by the isolated cDNA in rat Sertoli cells.

PMID- 3401232
TI  - Pathways of hydrogen peroxide generation in guinea pig cerebral cortex
      mitochondria.
AB  - The production of H2O2 by brain mitochondria was monitored employing a new
      technique based on the horseradish peroxidase dependent oxidation of acetylated
      ferrocytochrome c. It was shown that brain mitochondria release H2O2 by an
      intermediate autooxidation at the QH2-cytochrome c oxidoreductase level (induced
      by antimycin A and inhibited by myxothiazol). With both succinate and pyruvate
      plus malate this H2O2 release is inhibited at high substrate concentrations. With
      pyruvate plus malate a second source of H2O2 could be detected, apparently from
      autoxidation at the NADH dehydrogenase level. With alpha-glycerophosphate some
      H2O2 derives from autooxidation at the alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase. The
      NADH dehydrogenase dependent, but not the QH2-cytochrome c oxidoreductase
      dependent H2O2 was significantly stimulated upon depletion of the mitochondrial
      glutathione.

PMID- 3401233
TI  - Interaction of cibacron blue and anilinonaphthalenesulphonate with lipoproteins
      provides a new means for simple isolation of these plasma proteins.
AB  - The selective interaction of serum proteins with immobilized Cibacron Blue and
      the binding properties of the dye anilinonaphthalenesulphonate has been used to
      separate albumin and lipoproteins by affinity chromatography. The novel binding
      of anilinonaphthalenesulphonate to lipoproteins from the sera of lamprey, fish
      and mammals provides a simple procedure for the isolation of these plasma
      proteins, and permit preparation of specific antisera, tools particularly
      relevant for evolutionary and clinical studies.

PMID- 3401234
TI  - Role of dopamine and indolamine derivatives in the regulation of the sea urchin
      adenylate cyclase.
AB  - The adenylate cyclase of the sea urchin egg is stimulated by dopamine in the
      presence of GTP. The enzyme activity is strongly enhanced when Gpp (NH)p is
      substituted for GTP, or after cholera toxin treatment. Gramine, an indolamine
      derivative, brings about non-competitive inhibition of the dopamine-stimulated
      adenylate cyclase activity. Pertussis toxin causes an attenuation of the gramine
      induced inhibition of adenylate cyclase. These results show that dopamine and
      indolamine derivatives partecipate in the regulation of the adenylate cyclase
      activity of the sea urchin egg.

PMID- 3401235
TI  - Effects of reactive oxygen metabolites on erythropoietin production in renal
      carcinoma cells.
AB  - The present studies were undertaken to determine the effects of reactive oxygen
      metabolites on erythropoietin (Ep) biosynthesis in Ep-producing renal carcinoma
      (RC) cells using a sensitive radioimmunoassay for Ep. Xanthine (10-5M) and
      increasing concentrations of xanthine oxidase (8 x 10(-7) to 5 x 10(-4) units/ml)
      produced a significant dose-related increase in Ep production at a concentration
      of greater than or equal to 4 x 10(-6) units/ml, whereas xanthine alone had no
      effect. Catalase, a scavenger of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), in concentrations of
      50 to 500 micrograms/ml produced a significant inhibition of the increase in Ep
      production induced by xanthine-xanthine oxidase; while no effect was seen on
      basal levels of Ep production and the growth of RC cells. Glucose oxidase
      (greater than or equal to 0.032 mU/ml), a direct H2O2 generator, and exogenous
      H2O2 (greater than or equal to 4 x 10(-6)M) added to the incubation mixture,
      caused a significant enhancement of Ep production in a dose-dependent manner.
      Xanthine-xanthine oxidase, glucose oxidase, and H2O2 in the above concentrations
      did not produce significant cytotoxicity (51Cr release or trypan blue dye
      exclusion). The present data suggests that H2O2, a reactive oxygen metabolite may
      play a significant role in Ep production.

PMID- 3401237
TI  - Lyso-phosphatidylcholine is implicated in thioacetamide-induced liver necrosis.
AB  - Thioacetamide is a weak hepatocarcinogen. To determine whether alterations in
      lysophosphatidylcholine are implicated in thioacetamide-induced hepatic necrosis,
      rats were injected i.p. with this agent (50 mg/Kg body weight per day) or diluent
      for 1, 3, 8 and 30 days. Serum catalytic activities of aminotransferases were
      determined. Incorporation of (32P)-orthophosphate into hepatic
      lysophosphatidylcholine was also evaluated in animals killed 75 minutes or 13
      hours after isotope administration. Results demonstrate that: A significant
      increase in hepatic lysolecithin concentration occurs when a maximum level of
      serum aminotransferases is present. An increase of (32P)-orthophosphate
      radioactive incorporation in lysolecithin was observed at the two assayed
      labelling periods, which suggest an activation of phospholipase A. The
      radioactivity present in lysolecithin after 13 h isotope injection showed a close
      correlation with serum level of aminotransferases. From these results it can be
      deduced that lysolecithin is implicated in TAA-induced necrosis and may be
      generated by increase in either phospholipase A activity and/or synthesis.

PMID- 3401238
TI  - Adriamycin-induced lipid peroxidation in mitochondria and microsomes.
AB  - The effect of the anti-neoplastic agent adriamycin on the peroxidation of lipids
      from rat liver and heart mitochondria and rat liver microsomes was investigated.
      The extent of total lipid peroxidation was determined by assaying for
      malondialdehyde (MDA), while the degradation of unsaturated fatty acids was
      monitored using gas chromatography. For liver mitochondria and microsomes, the
      formation of MDA was dependent on the concentrations of adriamycin, Fe3+, and
      protein, as well as time. In the presence of 50 microM adriamycin and saturating
      amounts of NADH, 1.5 +/- 0.2 nmol MDA/mg protein/60 min was produced with liver
      mitochondria. Upon addition of 25 microM Fe3+, the amount of MDA generated was
      increased to 6.5 +/- 0.1 nmol/mg protein/60 min. Liver microsomes produced
      amounts which were approximately 2-fold higher under all conditions. No MDA
      formation could be detected in rat heart mitochondria. The addition of 50 microM
      chlorpromazine completely inhibited peroxidation, whereas 0.5 to 1.0 mM p
      bromophenacyl bromide blocked MDA formation by 50%. Analysis of fatty acids by
      gas chromatography showed that there was about a 50% decrease in arachidonic and
      docosahexaenoic acids in liver mitochondria and microsomes, but no change in the
      fatty acid content of heart mitochondria when incubated with both 50 microM
      adriamycin and 25 microM Fe3+ for 1 hr. These results suggest that (1)
      therapeutic concentrations of adriamycin enhance the peroxidation of lipids in
      liver mitochondria and microsomes through an enzymatic mechanism, especially in
      the presence of Fe3+; and (2) toxicity of this drug may be related to the
      degradation of membrane lipids.

PMID- 3401236
TI  - Influences of 7-alkyl substitution on the reversible binding of the proximate
      carcinogen trans-3,4-dihydroxy-3,4-dihydrobenz[a]anthracene to DNA.
AB  - The effects of 7-alkyl substitution on the reversible intercalation of the
      proximate carcinogen trans-3,4-dihydroxy-3,4-dihydrobenz[a]anthracene (BAD) to
      calf thymus DNA have been examined using time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy.
      The results indicate that in 10(-3) M sodium cacodylate the binding constant of
      BAD is 1.8 x 10(3) M-1. 7-Ethyl substitution decreases the binding constant 1.6
      times, while 7-methyl substitution increases the binding constant 1.7 times. UV
      Photoelectron data and results from ab initio molecular orbital calculations
      suggest that an increase in polarizability contributes to the increased binding
      accompanying methyl substitution. The decreased binding accompanying ethyl
      substitution arises from steric inhibition. The physical binding data correlates
      with the decrease in carcinogenic activity which occurs with 7-ethyl substitution
      of benz[a]anthracene metabolites.

PMID- 3401240
TI  - Stimulation of cadmium uptake by estradiol in the kidney of male rats treated
      with cadmium.
AB  - The present study was carried out to analyze the sex differences in the retention
      of Cd in rats treated with a small amount of Cd, and its mechanisms. Cd and Zn
      concentrations in the kidney and liver of female rats treated with 28 nmol Cd or
      1 nmole Zn were significantly higher than those in male rats. Pretreatment with
      estradiol (1.8 mumol/kg of b.w., twice a day, 6 consecutive days) increased the
      Cd and Zn concentrations in the kidney of male rats treated with Cd or Zn.
      Incubation of MDCK cells with 10(-5) M estradiol, 10(-5) M stilboestrol and 10(
      5) M progesterone caused a significant increase in Cd uptake. These results
      suggest that endogenous female sex hormones may play a role in a higher
      concentration of Cd and Zn in the kidney of female rats than that in male rats.
      The basal level of metallothionein (MT) in the liver and kidney of control female
      rats was within the same range as that in the control male rats. Cd and Zn
      accumulations caused by pretreatment with estradiol in the kidney of male rats
      treated with Cd or Zn were so low (Cd: 38 ppb, Zn: 1.0 ppb) as to be probably
      unable to induce the synthesis of MT. An increase in the concentration of Cd in
      the cultured renal cells occurred 1 hr after treatment with estradiol and Cd.
      Pretreatment with estradiol alone also resulted in a modification of the
      concentration of Na and K, which cannot be bound to MT. Together, all of the
      above findings suggest that estradiol directly increases the accumulation of Cd
      into the renal cells without inducing the synthesis of MT.

PMID- 3401241
TI  - Guanine nucleotide effects on agonist binding to serotonin 5HT2 receptors in rat
      frontal cortex.
AB  - Specific [3H]ketanserin binding to serotonin 5-HT2 receptors of rat frontal
      cortex tissue is of high affinity, saturable and unaffected by guanine
      nucleotides. Antagonists displace [3H]ketanserin from a single recognition site
      (pseudo-Hill coefficients close to unity), which is also unaffected by guanine
      nucleotides. Agonist displacement of either [3H]ketanserin or [3H]spiperone from
      three different membrane preparations showed pseudo-Hill coefficients less than
      one, and may be described in terms of two agonist binding sites with differing
      agonist affinities. In the presence of guanine nucleotides, overall agonist
      affinity was lowered slightly, with little or no change in pseudo-Hill
      coefficient.

PMID- 3401239
TI  - Possible involvement of direct stimulation of protein kinase C by unsaturated
      fatty acids in platelet activation.
AB  - Arachidonate and other unsaturated fatty acids stimulated platelet protein kinase
      C in a dose-dependent manner (5-50 micrograms/ml), when the activity was assayed
      with either isolated substrates or the platelet cytosol. When human platelets
      were stimulated by arachidonate, two types of platelet activation were observed.
      Platelet activation induced by a low level of arachidonate (0.1-5 micrograms/ml)
      was inhibited by aspirin, but activation induced by a high level of arachidonate
      (10-50 micrograms/ml) was not. These activations were associated with the
      phosphorylation of 40K and 20K proteins. Other unsaturated fatty acids (10-50
      micrograms/ml) also induced platelet aggregation which was not inhibited by
      aspirin. Arachidic acid and methyl arachidonate, which did not stimulate protein
      kinase C, also did not induce platelet responses. Although a low level of
      arachidonate (0.45 microgram/ml) induced the rapid and transient formation of
      [3H]-1,2-diacylglycerol and [32P]phosphatidate in intact platelets with
      [3H]arachidonate or [32P]Pi, unsaturated fatty acids at a high concentration (50
      micrograms/ml) did not stimulate phospholipase C. Incubation of fura 2 loaded
      platelets with a high level of unsaturated fatty acids evoked a rise in cytosolic
      Ca2+-concentration ([Ca2+]i) but this [Ca2+]i elevation alone was not associated
      with platelet activation. These results suggest that a high level of unsaturated
      fatty acids induces platelet activation, without phospholipase C stimulation, and
      that the ability of unsaturated fatty acid to directly activate protein kinase C
      may contribute toward the activation of platelets by a high level of unsaturated
      fatty acid.

PMID- 3401242
TI  - Nitrofurantoin-mediated oxidative stress cytotoxicity in isolated rat
      hepatocytes.
AB  - Freshly isolated rat hepatocytes were used to study the mechanism(s) of toxicity
      of the antimicrobial drug nitrofurantoin. This 5-nitrofuran derivative stimulated
      hepatocyte oxygen uptake in the presence of the mitochondrial respiration
      inhibitors KCN or antimycin A. This could indicate the formation of O2- and H2O2,
      following intracellular nitrofurantoin reduction. Addition of nitrofurantoin to
      suspensions of isolated rat hepatocytes produced a dose- and time-dependent
      decrease of cell viability. H2O2 probably plays a significant role in the
      cytotoxic effects of nitrofurantoin as the catalase inhibitors azide or
      aminotriazole markedly enhanced cytotoxicity. The loss of cell viability was
      preceded by glutathione (GSH) depletion and a concomitant and nearly
      stoichiometric formation of oxidised glutathione (GSSG) that did not occur in
      hepatocytes lacking glutathione peroxidase activity isolated from rats fed a low
      selenium diet. This indicates that H2O2 and the seleno-enzyme glutathione
      peroxidase are responsible for GSH oxidation. Furthermore, addition of
      nitrofurantoin to isolated rat hepatocytes produced a reversible inactivation of
      hepatocyte glutathione reductase activity and explains the maintenance of high
      GSSG levels. The compromised hepatocytes were also highly susceptible to H2O2.
      The hepatocyte toxicity of nitrofurantoin may, therefore, be attributed to
      oxidative stress caused by redox-cycling mediated oxygen activation.

PMID- 3401243
TI  - Sex differences in sulfobromophthalein-glutathione transport by perfused rat
      liver.
AB  - Sex differences have been described in the hepatic transport of many organic
      anions. Proposed mechanisms include differences in the rate of metabolism, in the
      degree of binding to cytoplasmic proteins, and in the rate of membrane transport.
      To better define these factors, we used the perfused rat liver to study the
      hepatic transport of the glutathione conjugate of sulfobromophthalein (BSP-GSP),
      a model compound that does not require metabolism for excretion. Hepatic
      transport of BSP-GSH was saturable for both sexes. Clearance of BSP-GSH from 1%
      albumin solutions at steady-state was 35-52% greater in female livers than in
      male livers, and reflected a 47% larger apparent Vmax with no change in the
      apparent Km. Analysis of the rate of disappearance of BSP-GSH from recirculating
      perfusate and its appearance in bile using a simple two-compartment model
      indicated that the ratio of influx to efflux was greater in female livers. These
      findings are compatible with sex-related differences in the electrochemical
      driving forces for BSP-GSH uptake.

PMID- 3401244
TI  - Differential effects of chloroquine on the phospholipid metabolism of Plasmodium
      infected erythrocytes.
AB  - The effect of the antimalarial drug chloroquine (CQ) on the phospholipid
      metabolism in Plasmodium knowlesi-infected simian erythrocytes has been studied
      by incubating cells with different labeled precursors and various concentrations
      of CQ. The drug induced considerable modifications of this metabolism but at the
      same time decreased nucleic acid and protein synthesis as well as the output of
      14CO2 from radioactive glucose. Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis was severely
      reduced. However, under these conditions, CQ had the early effect of markedly
      increasing phosphatidylinositol labeling from radioactive inositol, fatty acids,
      1-(14C)palmitoyl-lysophosphatidylcholine, but not from glycerol. Synthesis of
      phosphatidylserine from (14C)serine and of phosphatidylethanolamine from labeled
      glycerol, ethanolamine, and serine was increased, especially at high CQ
      concentrations when the whole metabolism of the parasite was severely reduced.
      These effects reflect a deep differential effect of CQ on the intense
      phospholipid metabolism of the Plasmodium-infected erythrocytes, which might
      involve a redirecting of phospholipid metabolism similar to that induced by other
      cationic amphiphilic drugs, and a compensatory synthesis resulting from the
      severe blockage of phosphatidylcholine synthesis.

PMID- 3401245
TI  - Role of thiols in the in-vitro methylation of inorganic arsenic by rat liver
      cytosol.
AB  - Rat liver cytosol inactivates inorganic arsenic (Asi) through methylation; S
      adenosylmethionine is the methyl group donor and reduced glutathione (GSH) is
      required for full activity. The study of the combined effects of Asi, GSH and
      other thiols in vitro and the results of our previous in-vivo studies in humans
      and rats are consistent with a pathway involving the formation of a
      monomethylated metabolite which is either rapidly further methylated into a
      dimethylated derivative or is spontaneously oxidized into monomethylarsonic acid
      (MMA). The dimethylated metabolite gives rise to dimethylarsinic acid. The first
      methylation reaction is rate limiting, can be stimulated by GSH and is catalyzed
      by an enzyme different from that which transfers the second methyl group. The
      latter is sensitive to inhibition by inorganic arsenic. The stimulation of the
      first methylation reaction by GSH can only be evidenced at high Asi concentration
      because under these conditions, the second methylating enzyme can be sufficiently
      inhibited by Asi to allow some accumulation of MMA. The latter may also slow down
      the first methylation reaction. A large excess of thiol groups may prevent the
      methylation reactions probably by decreasing the amount of free trivalent
      arsenic.

PMID- 3401246
TI  - In-vivo and in-vitro dextromethorphan metabolism in SD and DA rat. An animal
      model of the debrisoquine-type polymorphic oxidation in man.
AB  - The female dark Agouti (DA) rat is well established as an animal model for the
      debrisoquine poor metabolizer phenotype (PM), whereas the SD rat represents the
      extensive metabolizer (EM). It is not known, however, if the DA rat also is
      representative for the dextromethorphan (DEM) PM, a compound recently
      demonstrated to be subjected to the debrisoquine phenotype in man. Studies were
      performed, therefore, to evaluate in-vivo and in-vitro metabolism of DEM in DA
      and SD rats. After oral administration of 50 mg/kg of DEM, the DA rat excreted 25
      +/- 6% of the dose in 72-hr urine as O-demethylated product (dextrorphan),
      whereas the SD excreted 40 +/- 9% (P less than 0.002). Metabolic ratio of O
      demethylation was 0.46 +/- 0.11 in DA and 0.02 +/- 0.01 in SD (P less than
      0.001). As a compensatory mechanism, N-demethylation was ninefold increased in DA
      compared to SD (8.0 +/- 3% of the dose excreted in urine of DA as
      methoxymorphinan vs 0.9 +/- 0.7% in SD) (P less than 0.001). Total plasma
      clearance of DEM was 95 +/- 20 ml/min/kg in SD and 45 +/- 13 ml/min/kg in DA (P
      less than 0.001). In vitro, microsomal affinity for DEM O-demethylation was
      greater than 50 times higher in SD than in DA rats (P less than 0.004), whereas
      Vmax did not differ statistically. Vmax for N-demethylation was 80% increased in
      DA (P less than 0.01), whereas corresponding Km values did not differ. It appears
      that the differences in DEM metabolism between DA and SD rats are qualitatively
      similar to human EM and PM phenotypes, respectively. Whether this is also true
      for the underlying mechanism(s) however, remains to be resolved.

PMID- 3401247
TI  - Distribution and metabolism of estramustine in HeLa cells and the human prostatic
      tumour cell line 1013L.
AB  - The metabolism of estramustine [estradiol-3-N-bis(2-chloroethyl) carbamate] was
      investigated in the human prostatic tumour cell line 1013L and the human cervix
      tumour cell line HeLa S3. Uptake studies revealed that estramustine (EM), and its
      17-ketoanalogue estromustine (EoM), differed in their nuclear binding pattern in
      1013L cells but not in HeLa cells. Most of the nuclear radioactivity from both EM
      and EoM was found in the fraction containing the majority of the phospholipids.
      HPLC studies on EM-treated 1013L cells showed the presence of the oxidized
      metabolite EoM, in the medium, an enrichment of estradiol and estrone in whole
      cells and EM and EoM bound to the nuclear protein matrix. Similar studies on the
      HeLa cell line showed a completely different pattern, no metabolites other than
      EoM were found in the cell medium and whole cells but several very lipophilic
      metabolites were found bound to the nuclear protein matrix. On investigation of
      other tumour cell lines these metabolites were found to be unique to HeLa cells.
      The results extend our knowledge concerning EM and demonstrate that the cell line
      1013L is a relevant model system for studying drugs active against human
      prostatic tumours.

PMID- 3401248
TI  - Increased cholesterol epoxide hydrolase activity in clofibrate-fed animals.
AB  - Cholesterol epoxide hydrolase (mCE) is a microsomal enzyme that hydrolyzes
      cholesterol-5,6-epoxides (CE) to cholestanetriol (CT). In the present study,
      hepatic mCE activity was measured in mice pretreated with several different
      xenobiotics known to induce a variety of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes. Only
      the phenoxyacetate hypolipidemics (clofibrate and ciprofibrate, included in the
      diet for 14 days) were found to increase hepatic mCE activity (1.8-fold
      increase). Clofibrate administration also increased rabbit hepatic (2.9-fold
      increase) and rat and rabbit renal mCE activity (1.5- and 2.3-fold increase
      respectively). On a subcellular level, mCE activities in rabbit nuclear and light
      mitochondrial fractions were increased (3.3- and 1.8-fold increase respectively),
      whereas activities in the cytosolic and heavy mitochondrial fractions were
      unchanged. In rabbits, clofibrate administration enhanced the hepatic microsomal
      hydrolysis of CE without increasing the hydrolysis of arene epoxides (benzopyrene
      4,5-oxide) or fatty acid epoxides (methyl cis-9,10-epoxystearate). Increase of
      tissue mCE activity may significantly enhance tissue CT levels. In this light, it
      is worth noting similarities in the mechanisms of hypocholesterolemic action
      caused by clofibrate or CT administration.

PMID- 3401249
TI  - Toxicity of methylating agents in isolated hepatocytes.
AB  - To investigate the pathogenesis of hepatotoxicity by methylating agents, we
      exposed isolated hepatocytes to N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), N-methyl-N'-nitro
      N nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU), or methyl
      methanesulfonate (MMS). Although NDMA is a potent in vivo hepatotoxicant in rats,
      no evidence of hepatocyte injury, measured by the leakage of lactate
      dehydrogenase (LDH) activity into the medium, was observed following exposure to
      a 1-100 mM concentration of either NDMA or MNU. In contrast, exposure of
      hepatocytes to MMS or MNNG resulted in greater than or equal to 90% LDH release.
      These differences in toxicity were not related to the extent of covalent binding
      to hepatocytes. Following MMS or MNNG, but not MNU or NDMA exposure, a
      significant rise in the generation of thiobarbiturate (TBA)-reactive species was
      observed. When hepatocytes were exposed to the antioxidant promethazine prior to
      the addition of MMS or MNNG, the formation of TBA-reactive species was inhibited
      completely. Although promethazine blocked MNNG-mediated cell injury, the
      antioxidant had no effect on MMS intoxication. These data suggest that
      methylating agents can cause hepatotoxicity by more than a single mechanism. For
      MNNG, lipid peroxidation may be involved in the pathogenesis of acute
      hepatotoxicity.

PMID- 3401251
TI  - Metabolism of T-2 toxin by blood cell carboxylesterases.
AB  - Human and rat blood hydrolysed T-2 toxin along two different pathways giving HT-2
      toxin and neosolaniol as primary metabolites, respectively. Neosolaniol
      represents a metabolic pathway different from that obtained by liver. Rat
      erythrocytes formed neosolaniol as a primary metabolite whereas white blood cells
      hydrolysed T-2 toxin to HT-2 toxin. Human erythrocytes formed both HT-2 toxin and
      neosolaniol whereas all human white cells produced only HT-2 as the primary
      metabolite. The enzymes responsible for hydrolysis of T-2 toxin to HT-2 toxin in
      white blood cells and T-2 toxin to neosolaniol in red blood cells were all
      identified as carboxylesterases by use of specific inhibitors. The ratio between
      trichothecene hydrolysis and 4-nitrophenyl butyrate hydrolysis varied among the
      different cell fractions indicating that specific isoenzymes are involved.

PMID- 3401250
TI  - Correlation between the cytotoxicity of melphalan and DNA crosslinks as detected
      by the ethidium bromide fluorescence assay in the F1 variant of B16 melanoma
      cells.
AB  - The relationship between DNA crosslinks and cell death as a result of exposure to
      melphalan (MLN) was studied in the F1 variant of B16 melanoma cells. The
      formation of DNA crosslinks is believed to represent the lethal lesion following
      exposure of cells to bifunctional alkylating agents. The production of DNA
      crosslinks by MLN was determined by the recently described ethidium bromide
      fluorescence assay [De Jong et al., Int. J. Cancer 37, 557 (1986)]. A direct
      correlation between the percentage of DNA crosslinks (Ct) and cytotoxicity of
      melphalan has not been previously reported utilizing the fluorescence assay. The
      cytotoxicity of MLN and the production of DNA crosslinks by this drug were
      determined following a 1-hr incubation at 37 degrees. The concentrations of MLN
      necessary to reduce colony growth to 37% of control and 10% of control were 6.7
      microM (EC37) and 26 microM (EC10) respectively. Utilizing the ethidium bromide
      fluorescence assay (EFA), the relationship between MLN concentration (x axis) and
      DNA crosslinks expressed as Ct (y axis) was best described by a power curve (y =
      0.28 x 0.81; r = 0.985). The respective Ct values at the EC37 and EC10 of MLN
      were 1.3 and 3.8%. It appears that the sensitivity of the EFA is similar to the
      alkaline elution assay and, in addition, that the EFA is less technically
      difficult to employ with tumor cells obtained from patients.

PMID- 3401252
TI  - Inhibition of glutathione S-transferases from rat liver by S-nitroso-L
      glutathione.

PMID- 3401253
TI  - Decreased hepatic glutathione S-transferase A, AA and L concentration produced by
      prolonged thyroid hormone administration.

PMID- 3401254
TI  - Development and characterization of anti-spiroperidol antibodies.

PMID- 3401256
TI  - On the mechanisms of association of the macrolide antibiotic erythromycin with
      isolated human polymorphonuclear leucocytes.
AB  - In contrast to other antibiotics, the macrolide antibiotic erythromycin (ERY) has
      been demonstrated in previous studies to accumulate strongly in PMNs. In this
      study the mechanisms of association of ERY with human polymorphonuclear
      leucocytes (PMNs) were investigated. A kinetic approach was followed to establish
      the processes involved. It is argued that only passive and no active energy
      dependent mechanisms contribute to the association process, since it has been
      demonstrated that (a) no counter-transport could be observed, (b) no consistent
      competition of ERY with structural analogues could be realized, and (c) no energy
      was required from oxidative pathways. Furthermore several other arguments point
      to passive mechanisms of ERY-PMN interaction. The extracellular concentration of
      ERY was linearly related to the degree of ERY-PMN association. The degree of
      association of ERY with both intact and lysed cells was dependent on its
      ionization state. In addition, the association and dissociation process of ERY
      was slow at 37 degrees. From these results it is deduced that the 17-fold
      accumulation of ERY in PMNs found at the usual in vivo ERY blood levels is due to
      binding of ERY to intracellular sites. In fact this intracellular binding might
      prevent intracellular activity of ERY. In addition, association of ERY with
      intact PMNs is inhibited by human serum, human serum albumin and alpha 1-acid
      glycoprotein. Activation of the PMNs by phorbol ester and chemotactic peptide did
      not influence ERY-PMN association. Our results suggest that the intact PMN
      membrane permits free diffusive penetration of ERY only at physiological
      temperatures.

PMID- 3401255
TI  - A reexamination of the effects induced by adenosine and its degradation products
      on rat fat cell lipolysis.
AB  - The effects of adenosine and of some products of its metabolic degradation on
      lipolysis were studied in rat fat cells isolated from epididymal adipose tissue.
      Basal glycerol release was not affected by adenosine and by uric acid, but it was
      significantly increased by inosine (1-100 microM) and by hypoxanthine (10-100
      microM). Adenosine was more effective than inosine in antagonizing the lipolytic
      response of fat cells to theophylline. Also hypoxanthine and uric acid exerted a
      very potent, noncompetitive antagonism towards theophylline. Norepinephrine
      induced lipolysis was inhibited by adenosine, hypoxanthine and uric acid
      approximately to the same extent, while inosine was ineffective at this level.
      Adenosine deaminase (0.5 U/ml) increased basal as well as theophylline- and
      norepinephrine-induced lipolysis. Moreover, adenosine deaminase enhanced the
      lipolytic rate in cells incubated with low (0.1, 1 microM) and, to a lesser
      extent, with high (10, 100 microM) inosine concentrations. These results suggest
      that inosine is the adenosine metabolite that may accumulate in the incubation
      medium following fat cell treatment with adenosine deaminase, thus contributing
      to the stimulatory effects of this enzyme on lipolysis.

PMID- 3401257
TI  - Effect of parathion and methylparathion on protein content of chicken embryo
      muscle in vivo.
AB  - Chicken eggs were treated with 0.4 per cent solutions of parathion or
      methylparathion for four or eight days, and the two-dimensional gel
      electrophoretic protein pattern of cervical muscles of eighteen days old embryos
      was analyzed. Both compounds significantly decreased the content of alpha
      actinin, alpha-tubulin and beta-tubulin after four days treatment, and, in
      addition, that of three other related proteins (gamma-proteins) after eight days
      treatment. Under in vitro phosphorylating conditions, both methylparathion and
      parathion specifically inhibited the phosphorylation of one isoform of beta
      tubulin. Data suggest that the muscle-damaging effects of organophosphorous
      insecticides, such as parathion and its derivates, may be related to the decrease
      of tissue content of certain cytoskeletal proteins.

PMID- 3401258
TI  - The carboxylic ionophore monensin inhibits active drug efflux and modulates in
      vitro resistance in daunorubicin resistant Ehrlich ascites tumor cells.
AB  - Acquired cellular resistance to anthracycline and vinca alkaloid drugs
      (pleiotropic resistance) is commonly associated with reduced drug accumulation, a
      phenomenon which is thought to be partly due to increased energy-dependent drug
      efflux. We have previously detected increased plasma membrane traffic to, and
      content of, the acid endosomal compartment in pleiotropic resistant Ehrlich
      ascites and P388 leukemia cells. This suggested that the endosome could be
      associated with the pleiotropic resistance phenotype by a mechanism of vesicular
      drug trapping and transport. The present study was undertaken in order to test
      the effects of the carboxylic ionophores monensin and nigericin, which are known
      to both disrupt intracellular vesicular traffic and to raise intravesicular pH,
      with relation to the pleiotropic resistance phenotype. Both monensin and
      nigericin increased daunorubicin (DNR) accumulation in daunorubicin resistant
      Ehrlich ascites tumor cells (EHR2/DNR+) in a dose-dependent manner. Further,
      monensin inhibited glucose induced DNR efflux from EHR2/DNR+ cells loaded with
      drug by energy deprivation. On the other hand, monensin had only negligible
      effect on DNR accumulation and efflux in wild-type Ehrlich ascites tumor cells
      (EHR2). In a clonogenic assay system, monensin reduced resistance to DNR in
      EHR2/DNR+, whereas only an additive effect was obtained in EHR2. However, both
      ionophores proved too toxic in in vivo experiments. These results, showing that
      drugs known to disrupt endosomal functions also inhibit the pleiotropic
      resistance phenotype, support the suggested link between the endosome and
      pleiotropic resistance.

PMID- 3401259
TI  - Characterization of the inhibition of glutathione reductase and the recovery of
      enzyme activity in exponentially growing murine leukemia (L1210) cells treated
      with 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea.
AB  - The inactivation of the enzyme glutathione reductase by 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1
      nitrosourea (BCNU) was studied in exponentially growing murine leukemia cells. A
      1-hr incubation with 1.6 +/- 0.2 microM BCNU resulted in a 50% inhibition of
      glutathione reductase, while 10 microM BCNU caused total inhibition of the
      enzyme. The time required for 50% inhibition of glutathione reductase by 10
      microM BCNU was 7 min. The recovery of glutathione reductase activity was studied
      by incubating cells with 10 microM BCNU for 30 min to inhibit all glutathione
      reductase activity, washing the cells free of drug, and continuing the incubation
      in fresh medium. Fifty percent of the activity returned within 12 hr. Glutathione
      reductase activity recovered normally when cell growth and DNA synthesis were
      inhibited in the cells, but it failed to recover when protein synthesis was
      inhibited. Therefore, the inactivation of glutathione reductase appears
      irreversible, and the recovery of enzymatic activity is dependent on the
      synthesis of new protein. Continuous incubation with 19.8 +/- 0.4 microM BCNU
      resulted in a 50% inhibition of cell growth. A 1-hr incubation with 7.3 +/- 0.8
      microM BCNU resulted in a 50% loss of viability as measured by a soft agar
      clonogenic assay. These experiments quantify the inhibition of glutathione
      reductase by BCNU and the recovery of enzyme activity in the context of the toxic
      effects of the compound. A clinically useful inhibitor of glutathione reductase
      will require a wider difference between the concentrations required for enzyme
      inhibition and cytotoxicity than BCNU provides.

PMID- 3401260
TI  - Displacement of the bidentate malonate ligand from (d,l-trans-1,2
      diaminocyclohexane)malonatoplatinum(II) by physiologically important compounds in
      vitro.
AB  - Previous studies of platinum(II) compounds with bidentate leaving ligands have
      emphasized the contrast between the stability of the bidentate leaving ligand in
      vitro (T1/2 greater than 11 days in water) and the apparent reactivity of these
      bidentate platinum compounds in vivo. However, none of these studies actually
      measured the stability of these compounds in tissue culture medium (or in any
      other reaction mixture resembling in vivo conditions). The experiments described
      in this paper were designed to measure the stability and fate of (d,l-trans-1,2
      diaminocyclohexane)malonatoplatinum(II) [Pt(mal)(trans-dach)] in RPMI-1640 tissue
      culture medium. The T1/2 for displacement of the malonate ligand in this medium
      was 9.5 hr at 37 degrees. Of the inorganic anions present in the medium, chloride
      accounted for the greatest displacement of the malonate ligand. However, at the
      concentrations with which it is found in tissue culture medium and in blood,
      bicarbonate was nearly as effective as chloride at displacing the malonate
      ligand. This observation is of particular significance because the
      bicarbonatoplatinum complex is unstable and the bicarbonate displacement reaction
      appears to represent a major non-enzymatic pathway for the formation of the
      biologically active aquated platinum complexes. At the concentrations with which
      they occur inside the cell, phosphates may play a similar role. Of the amino
      acids present in the medium, glutathione and the sulfur-containing amino acids
      were 50- to 400-fold more effective at displacing the malonate ligand than the
      other amino acids in RPMI-1640 medium. In the case of methionine, the reaction
      with Pt(mal)(trans-dach) was shown to be a direct displacement (SN2) reaction at
      physiological methionine concentrations. When Pt(mal)(trans-dach) was incubated
      at 37 degrees for 24 hr in RPMI-1640 medium, the major transformation products
      formed were (d,l-trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane)methionineplatinum(II) (38%), other
      amino acid-platinum complexes (19%), and (d,l,-trans-1,2
      diaminocyclohexane)dichloroplatinum(II) (14%). Eleven percent of the
      Pt(mal)(trans-dach) remained intact. Mass spectrometry and 1H-NMR indicated that
      the (d,l-trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane)methionineplatinum(II) complexes that
      formed in RPMI-1640 medium consisted of approximately 60% of the bidentate mono
      methionine complex coordinated to platinum at the sulfur and alpha-amino
      positions and 40% of the bis-methionine complex, presumably coordinated at the
      sulfurs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3401261
TI  - Effects of cytoskeleton-disrupting drugs on ouabain-stimulated catecholamine
      secretion from cultured adrenal chromaffin cells.

PMID- 3401262
TI  - Effects of disulfiram therapy on aldehyde dehydrogenase activity in human
      leukocytes and erythrocytes.

PMID- 3401263
TI  - Studies on the interaction of minoxidil with prostacyclin synthase in vitro.

PMID- 3401264
TI  - [The biotransformation of fenetylline].
AB  - After oral administration of 3,7-dihydro-1,3-dimethyl-7-2 [(1-methyl-2
      phenylethyl)-amino-ethyl]-1H-purine-2,6-dione (fenetylline, Captagon), 7 new
      metabolites could be detected in urine besides 4 known substances. The
      metabolites were identified by gas chromatography (GC) and by comparison of the
      mass spectra (MS) of metabolites with those of authentic reference compounds
      using a combined GC/MS method.

PMID- 3401265
TI  - In vitro inhibition of xanthine oxidase by azapropazone and 8-hydroxy
      azapropazone.
AB  - It has been demonstrated that the nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agent
      azapropazone (Prolixan) as well as its principal 8-hydroxy-metabolite have
      distinct xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity. The pharmacological spectrum of
      this compound has thus shown an interesting extension.

PMID- 3401266
TI  - His bundle electrography in the dog. Normal values and findings with verapamil.
AB  - An exact analysis of the intracardiac conducting system can be performed by the
      His bundle electrography. It allows a differential representation of individual
      parts of this system and, therefore, a more accurate determination of the site of
      action of compounds. Today this method belongs to the diagnostic routine in large
      cardiologic centres. However, His bundle electrography is seldom applied in
      experimental pharmacology. Our control values of 97 anaesthetized dogs under non
      stimulated conditions are as follows: PA time = 41 +/- 1 ms, AH time = 66 +/- 2
      ms, HV time = 37 +/- 1 ms; under stimulated conditions: PA = 40 +/- 1, AH = 88 +/
      2, HV = 36 +/- 1, QRS = 51 +/- 1 ms, sinus node recovery time (SNRT) = 1087 +/-
      26 ms, corrected sinus node recovery time (CSNRT) = 370 +/- 17 ms, effective
      refractory period of the atrium = 267 +/- 8 ms, and of the AV node = 266 +/- 8
      ms, functional refractory period of the atrium = 276 +/- 8 ms, and of the AV node
      345 +/- 7 ms. With intravenous injections of 0.03 and 0.1 mg/kg verapamil, only a
      tendency to prolongation of the AH time, CSNRT and the refractory parameters was
      achieved. Immediately after 0.3 mg/kg verapamil given as i.v. injection or
      infusion over a period of 5 min, heart rate was increased and sinus node recovery
      time was shortened transitorily. After the rapid disappearance of these effects,
      AH time was prolonged while PA, HV and QRS remained unaffected, also under
      stimulated conditions. All refractory periods measured were prolonged
      significantly.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3401267
TI  - Cardiovascular effects of a new 1,5-benzothiazepine calcium antagonist in
      anesthetized dogs.
AB  - Cardiovascular effects of TA-3090 ((+)(2S,3S)-3-acetoxy-8-chloro-5-(2
      (dimethylamino)ethyl)-2, 3-dihydro-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,5-benzothiazepin-4-(5H)
      one maleate), a new 1,5-benzothiazepine derivative, were studied in pentobarbital
      anesthetized dogs. TA-3090 administered intraarterially (i.a.) was 3 times more
      potent than diltiazem in increasing vertebral and coronary blood flows. In the
      autoperfused preparation, TA-3090 i.a. exhibited weak negative inotropic effect
      as compared with its coronary vasodilating effect; negative inotropy was less
      than 10% at a dose which increased coronary blood flow by 50%. The selectivity of
      TA-3090 for coronary artery was greater than that of verapamil. Intravenous
      administration of TA-3090 (0.025-0.2 mg/kg) produced increases in cardiac output
      and arterial, especially vertebral and coronary blood flow as well as in left
      ventricular dp/dtmax. The increasing effect in blood flow was most prominent in
      the vertebral artery. Upon intraduodenal administration of 2 and 5 mg/kg TA-3090,
      the increases in vertebral and coronary blood flow lasted for more than 2-5 h;
      the effect of TA-3090 on vertebral blood flow was approximately twice as potent
      as that of diltiazem. Thus, TA-3090 could be demonstrated to possess potent and
      long-lasting vasodilating activity with selectivity for vertebral and coronary
      arteries, exerting however, weak negative inotropic effect.

PMID- 3401268
TI  - Comparison of the cutaneous/systemic antiinflammatory activity ratios for
      desonide and hydrocortisone in various experimental models.
AB  - The ratios of antiinflammatory activity after oral administration (oral
      ED50/cutaneous ED50) for desonide (Locapred) and hydrocortisone (hydrocortisone
      acetate) were compared in various nonimmunological and immunological experimental
      models on mouse ears: edema induced by croton oil; primary irritation due to
      picryl chloride; the acute phase (6 h) and the beginning of the chronic phase (24
      h) of inflammation due to cantharidin; delayed contact hypersensitivity to picryl
      chloride; and the semi-delayed (6 h) and delayed (24 h) phases of contact
      hypersensitivity to oxazolone. These investigations showed that, besides having a
      better antiinflammatory effect, desonide had a better ratio of local activity to
      systemic effect in all the models. In addition, by contrast with orally active
      doses, locally active doses did not induce any thymolytic effect. Such results
      were confirmed in rats in which desonide reduced 24 h carrageenin abscess after
      cutaneous application without any significant thymolytic effect. Hydrocortisone
      was inactive.

PMID- 3401270
TI  - Effect of amrinone in acute severe cardiac failure.
AB  - 5-Amino-(3,4'-bipyridine)-6(1H)-one (amrinone, WIN-40680, Wincoram) is a potent
      positive inotropic agent with vasodilator properties. Its positive inotropic
      effects are unaffected by propranolol and by pre-treatment with reserpine. The
      effect of intravenous amrinone was studied in 15 patients with acute severe
      cardiac failure (NYHA class IV) who had failed to respond adequately to treatment
      with cardiac glycosides, diuretics, vasodilators and catecholamines.
      Catecholamine dosage was held constant during the period of the study. This is
      the first report of standardised combination therapy with catecholamines and
      amrinone. Initially, a mean cumulative dose of 1.6 +/- 0.3 mg/kg of amrinone was
      administered during the 1st h. This was followed by a long-term infusion of 5-15
      micrograms/kg.min. Hemodynamic parameters were monitored by invasive techniques
      for a minimum of 48 h. At the time of maximal effect, the cardiac index increased
      from 1.54 +/- 0.35 to 2.8 +/- 0.61 l/min.m2 (p less than 0.001), and the
      pulmonary arterial capillary pressure decreased from 31 +/- 7.1 to 23 +/- 7.6
      mmHg (p less than 0.01). Heart rate and systemic mean arterial blood pressure
      showed no significant changes during treatment. These results indicate that
      amrinone may be effective in patients with acute severe cardiac failure
      refractory to catecholamines.

PMID- 3401269
TI  - Pharmacological study of the new nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agent 4'
      acetamidophenyl-2-(5'-p-toluyl-1'-methylpyrrole)acetate.
AB  - Antiinflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic and gastrointestinal ulcerogenic
      activities of 4-acetamidophenyl-2-(5'-p-toluyl-1'-methylpyrrole)acetate (AU
      8001), a new nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug, have been investigated and
      compared with those of tolmetin at equimolar doses in experimental animals. 1. AU
      8001 showed inhibitory action on acute and subacute inflammation such as
      carrageenin hind paw edema and pellet-induced granuloma formation, with an
      activity similar to that of tolmetin. However, AU 8001 was more active as an
      antiarthritic agent than tolmetin. AU 8001 had no topical antiinflammatory
      effect. 2. The analgesic activities of AU 8001 measured by the writhing test and
      the Randall-Selitto method were comparable to those of tolmetin. Both compounds
      were ineffective in the hotplate test. 3. AU 8001 also had antipyretic activity
      but its potency was inferior to tolmetin and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). 4. AU
      8001 elicited almost negligible side effects in the gastrointestinal tract. The
      ulcerogenic activity of AU 8001, in particular, was extremely weak in relation to
      tolmetin, indometacin and ASA. 5. AU 8001 caused no appreciable changes in the
      general behaviour of animals after oral administration.

PMID- 3401271
TI  - [Pharmacokinetics and laxative effect of bisacodyl following administration of
      various dosage forms].
AB  - Since its introduction into the market in 1952, bisacodyl has been successfully
      used worldwide as a laxative. In discussions on the kinetics and the laxative
      effect, it is often neglected that results obtained after the administration of
      the pure compound bisacodyl cannot be transferred to distinctive bisacodyl
      formulations. The aim of the present investigation is therefore to study the
      absorption and the plasma level profile and to correlate plasma level profile and
      laxative effect after the administration of various dosage forms. 12 healthy
      volunteers were administered with 10 mg bisacodyl as an experimental solution,
      with an acid resistant, commercially available Dulcolax Dragees (2 x 5 mg) and
      with a 10 mg Dulcolax suppository. Following glucuronidase cleavage, mean maximum
      plasma levels of 236.5 +/- 59.2 ng/ml of bis-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-pyridyl-2-methane
      (BHPM) were reached after the administration of the solution 1.7 h post
      administration (p.a.), however, the laxative effect did not occur until 5.7 h +/-
      0.7 h p.a. The dominant biological half-life of deconjugated BHPM, the diphenol
      of bisacodyl which circulated as BHPM-glucuronide, was about 16.5 +/- 4.2 h. The
      dragee yielded the desired low plasma levels which were between 7 and 47 ng/ml at
      4-10 h p.a. In comparison to the solution only 16% were absorbed after the
      administration of the dragee. The laxative effect started 7.7 h +/- 1.7 h p.a.
      with no apparent relationship between effect and plasma level. The administration
      of the suppository resulted 20 +/- 10 min p.a. in a prompt laxative effect,
      although in 6 out 12 subjects, the plasma levels were below the detection
      limit.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3401272
TI  - Pharmacokinetic study in man with the non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug
      flunoxaprofen. Serum concentration-time profile after oral or topical
      preparations.
AB  - A clinical study on normal volunteers was performed in order to establish the
      pharmacokinetic pattern of the non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug S-(+)-2-(4
      fluorophenyl-a-methyl-5-benzoxazole-acetic acid (flunoxaprofen, Priaxim, FLU)
      after oral administration or after transcutaneous absorption. Six subjects (3 men
      and 3 women) received FLU orally (a single dose of 200 mg) and 6 subjects (4 men
      and 2 women) were treated by cutaneous application on the shoulder of 1.5 g of a
      gel preparation containing FLU 5%. Blood samples were withdrawn before and at
      several time intervals after the treatments up to 48 h after oral administration
      and up to 24 h after cutaneous application. Serum FLU concentrations were
      determined by a HPLC method. The results show that a single oral dose of FLU 200
      mg follows a kinetic pattern very similar to that obtained with a 100 mg dose as
      referred to in the literature, without significant differences of t1/2 beta, Vd
      and clearance values in comparison with those after FLU 100 mg. The dose-related
      parameters (Cmax and AUC) were higher after FLU 200 mg than after FLU 100 mg. The
      cutaneous application of a flunoxaprofen gel preparation did not cause detectable
      systemic absorption of the drug. In conclusion FLU shows favourable
      pharmacokinetic parameters after 200 mg oral dose, since serum values of the drug
      exclude the risk of accumulation; moreover the topical application of a FLU gel
      preparation is a safe transcutaneous treatment for inflammation and pain due to
      lacking systemic absorption of the drug.

PMID- 3401273
TI  - [Experimental and clinical demonstration of the antiproliferative effect of a
      highly purified coal tar fraction in a special gel vehicle].
AB  - In this study a combination of clinical and experimental investigations
      demonstrates the antiproliferative effect of the coal tar-containing preparation
      Berniter. From a concentration of 70 micrograms/ml onwards (= 0.35 micrograms
      coal tar/ml) Berniter inhibits DNA synthesis of transformed human keratinocytes
      in vitro. The growth inhibiting effect is reversible up to the ED50 concentration
      (257 micrograms Berniter/ml = 1.3 micrograms coal tar/ml). The tar-free vehicle
      has no identifiable effect on the proliferation of the cells at a concentration
      of 260 micrograms/ml. However, at higher concentrations (ED50 = 1023
      micrograms/ml) the vehicle also inhibits cell growth, this inhibition being
      irreversible. The effect of Berniter and the tar-free vehicle on amino acid
      metabolism corresponds with the reduced growth rate. The ED50 concentrations (331
      micrograms/ml for Berniter and 1445 micrograms/ml for the tar-free vehicle) are
      higher than those in the investigation of the proliferation. The clinical trial
      was performed in two groups of 12 and 11 patients, respectively, suffering from
      Psoriasis capillitii. After 3 days' topical treatment of both groups with
      salicylic acid for scaling, one group was treated for 4 weeks with betamethasone
      17-valerate (in the following briefly called Bet-17-v), as a commercial lotion.
      The other group received Bet-17-v initially for 3 days and was then treated for 4
      weeks with Berniter. The 4 parameters used for evaluation (erythema, scaling,
      infiltration and itching) showed a more significant improvement in the Berniter
      group than in the Bet-17-v group. Subjectively, treatment with Berniter was
      assessed to be preferable.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3401274
TI  - Quality control of protein drugs.
AB  - Testing of protein drugs must include assays for purity, identity, safety, and
      potency. The structure of the final product as well as potential impurities are
      strongly influenced by the type of producing organism (bacteria, yeast, mammalian
      or insect cells).

PMID- 3401275
TI  - Quality assurance of products manufactured by recombinant DNA technology. A
      European inspector's reflections.
AB  - Rapid and continuous progress in biotechnology is leading industry to increasing
      application of recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology in the production of drug
      substances. The main motives are obtaining products in larger amounts and better
      quality by means of comparably economical methods. For reasons of safety and
      purity some national regulatory agencies are excluding drug substances of natural
      origin, e.g. human growth hormone isolated from pituitary glands, where the same
      products obtained by rDNA are available. General and specific literature on
      biotechnology is widely available but official guidelines and regulatory
      requirements for registration, manufacture and control of pharmaceuticals
      produced by rDNA are still exceptional. In Switzerland the experience in the
      field of rDNA-based large scale production of pharmaceuticals is limited. The
      registration of the preparations and the inspection of their industrial
      production therefore take place on a case by case basis. For that purpose the
      relevant "Points to consider" issued by the American Food and Drug Administration
      (FDA) are essential. A comparison between conventional manufacture and rDNA
      technology is made by indicating some examples.

PMID- 3401277
TI  - Learning to lead.

PMID- 3401278
TI  - The seduction of work.

PMID- 3401276
TI  - Source on adolescent voice.

PMID- 3401280
TI  - Taking turns, making moves, facing choices.

PMID- 3401279
TI  - Black women: blacks or women?

PMID- 3401282
TI  - Craniomandibular dysfunctions.

PMID- 3401281
TI  - Articulation index predictions of speech intelligibility in hearing aid
      selection.

PMID- 3401283
TI  - Quantitative HPLC analysis of human plaque proteins in coronary and thoracic
      aorta arteries.
AB  - Quantitative HPLC analysis of saline-soluble proteins obtained from human
      coronary and thoracic aorta plaque and from whole internal mammary artery were
      performed. Protein extracts were characterized by anion exchange and reverse
      phase HPLC and the integrated chromatographs revealed significant differences in
      both peak retention times and areas for protein species from coronary artery
      compared to thoracic aorta artery plaque. Coronary artery plaque proteins
      possessed a high degree of cationic charge and polarity compared to those present
      in thoracic aorta plaque and normal mammary artery. This suggests that specific
      protein markers may be expressed in plaque of different anatomical origin, and
      that the processing of protein may be distinct to plaque sites. In contrast,
      characterization of molecular weight by gel electrophoresis resolved no major
      differences between plaque types. These findings indicate that proteins in human
      plaque lesions of different anatomical origin can be resolved by HPLC methodology
      and that they exhibit different charge and polarity. Such an HPLC approach may
      prove useful in the quantitative identification and ultimate isolation of
      specific protein markers present in plaque during atherogenesis, and in the study
      of mechanisms of protein involvement in plaque formation.

PMID- 3401284
TI  - Effect of short-term treatment with bezafibrate on plasma fibrinogen,
      fibrinopeptide A, platelet activation and blood filterability in atherosclerotic
      hyperfibrinogenemic patients.
AB  - The effect of bezafibrate (BZF) on plasma fibrinogen levels has been studied in
      62 patients with atherosclerotic vasculopathy and hyperfibrinogenemia (643 +/- 15
      (SEM) mg/dl). In a preliminary study, 15-30 days of BZF therapy (400-600 mg/day)
      normalized fibrinogen values in 16 subjects were compared to 16 controls. The
      effect was rapid and dose-dependent, and discontinuation in 6 patients who could
      not complete the study was followed by a rebound increase. A controlled study
      with 400 mg/day in the other 24 patients for 15 days showed that BZF lowered
      fibrinogen, PF4, blood filterability and platelet aggregating thresholds to the
      normal range. BTG and FpA decreased significantly compared to the placebo group
      (12 and 12 patients randomly distributed) without any variation in potentially
      biassing hematologic values (WBC, PLTS, Ht, lipids and plasma glucose). BZF may
      be of value in chronic treatment of hyperfibrinogenemia in atherosclerotic
      patients with a view to improving the haemorheologic pattern and, hence, reducing
      activation of the coagulation pathway.

PMID- 3401285
TI  - Megakaryocyte and vascular changes in rabbits on a short-term high cholesterol
      diet.
AB  - The effect of a short-term high cholesterol diet on thrombopoiesis and vascular
      ultrastructure was evaluated in rabbits. Six pairs of male litter-mate rabbits
      were randomized pairwise to feeding with either 2 g of cholesterol daily in
      addition to their normal diet or normal diet alone for 7 days. A significant 12
      fold increase in median serum cholesterol (P less than 0.035) and an
      insignificant decrease in platelet count (P = 0.07) were found in the animals fed
      a high cholesterol diet. In these animals the total and cytoplasmic megakaryocyte
      size measured as planimetric areas in bone marrow sections were significantly
      decreased (P less than 0.035). No statistically significant difference in the
      megakaryocyte DNA content measured by flow cytometry in marrow suspensions
      enriched for megakaryocytes by density gradient centrifugation and centrifugal
      elutriation was observed between the cholesterol-fed animals and controls. Light
      microscopic, transmission and scanning electron microscopic examination of the
      aorta in both groups of animals showed a morphologically intact endothelium
      without any adhesion of blood-borne cells to the luminal surface. Transmission
      electron microscopic studies showed that cells with ultrastructural features
      resembling smooth muscle cells were present in the intima of the aortas of the
      animals on the high cholesterol diet, but not in control animals. A decrease in
      the size of bone marrow megakaryocytes and the occurrence of intimal smooth
      muscle cells are found in rabbits fed a high cholesterol diet for 7 days. These
      cellular events may be important features in early atherogenesis.

PMID- 3401286
TI  - The "turning off" of excessive cell replicative activity in advanced
      atherosclerotic lesions of swine by a regression diet.
AB  - We studied progression of atherosclerotic lesions in the coronaries and abdominal
      aortas of swine fed hyperlipidemic (HL) diets producing serum cholesterol levels
      of about 700 mg/dl for up to 18 months with killings at 9, 13.5 and 18 months on
      diet. We studied changes in lesions in subsets given after 9 months on the HL
      diet a low fat, low cholesterol mash diet with killings at 4.5 and 9 months on
      the regression diet. Lesion cell numbers were evaluated using mean nuclear
      profiles per cross-section (Np/Cx) in an anatomically defined portion of artery
      as an index. Lesion sizes were evaluated using mean cross-sectional area
      (area/Cx) as an index. Tritiated thymidine labeling indices (LI) were used as an
      index of cell proliferative activity in the coronaries. We also determined the
      percentage of lesions occupied by lipid rich calcific necrotic debris. For
      further comparisons all of the same values were determined for normal intimal
      cell masses (ICM) in control groups fed a low fat, low cholesterol mash diet
      throughout. The atherosclerotic lesions in the HL swine appeared to arise mainly
      in the ICM. These became lesions and increased tremendously in size and cell
      numbers. The greatest increase was in the abdominal aorta even when lesion values
      were normalized by being expressed as percentages of the wall (intima + media).
      Lipid-rich calcific necrotic debris occupied about 25% of the lesion by 9 months
      and the percentage was similar at 18 months although size of lesions and their
      necrotic regions had increased 3-fold over the 9-month interval. Lesion
      [3H]thymidine LIs were 3-4-fold greater than in the control ICM. In the period 9
      18 months on an HL diet lesions increased about 3-fold in size and cell numbers.
      In the swine put on a regression diet for the 9-18 month period growth of the
      lesions stopped completely. In fact, there was a numerical decrease in lesion
      sizes and cell numbers and this was statistically significant for the left
      anterior descending coronary. The lesion growth stoppage was partly accounted for
      by the "turning off" of excessive DNA synthesis activity of the lesion cells as
      indicated by the return of [3H] thymidine LIs to the normal values in the mash
      controls. Another factor was the lack of increase and in fact marked reduction in
      the size of the regions of lipid rich necrotic debris.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400
      WORDS)

PMID- 3401287
TI  - Further resolution and comparison of the heterogeneity of plasma low-density
      lipoproteins in human hyperlipoproteinemias: type III hyperlipoproteinemia,
      hypertriglyceridemia and familial hypercholesterolemia.
AB  - The heterogeneity of the plasma low-density lipoproteins (LDL) in subjects with
      type III hyperlipoproteinemia (3 cases), with hypertriglyceridemia (4 cases) and
      with the heterozygous form of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH, 4 cases) has
      been evaluated using a new, high resolution equilibrium density gradient
      ultracentrifugation procedure. The mass distribution profile, physicochemical
      properties, particle heterogeneity and apoprotein B content of a series of 13 LDL
      subfractions was examined in the 3 hyperlipidemic groups and the data were
      compared with those reported earlier in normolipidemic subjects. In FH, LDL mass
      was distributed as a narrow peak of d approximately 1.031-1.034 g/ml, whereas the
      distribution in hypertriglyceridemia was markedly asymmetric with a single peak
      of elevated density (d approximately 1.037-1.043 g/ml); the distribution in type
      III subjects was distinguished by its bi- or trimodal nature and broad profile.
      The chemical composition of LDL gradient subfractions in FH and in
      hypertriglyceridemia markedly resembled that of the respective parent LDL of d =
      1.019-1.063 g/ml, displaying elevated proportions of cholesteryl ester in FH and
      of protein in hypertriglyceridemia. LDL subfractions in type III disease were
      enriched in free cholesterol. The Stokes diameters of LDL particles in
      corresponding subfractions from the 3 hyperlipidemic states were similar;
      however, whereas a single particle species was characteristic of each LDL
      subfraction in both FH and in our normolipidemic group, 2 species were frequently
      present in each subfraction in both type III and type IV diseases; in addition,
      subfractions from type III subjects occasionally exhibited 3 size species.
      Apolipoprotein B-100 was the predominant protein component in LDL subfractions
      from all 3 hyperlipidemic groups. Plasma LDL consist then of multiple particle
      species which constitute a particularly complex spectrum in type III
      hyperlipoproteinemia and in hypertriglyceridemia. The origin(s) of such particle
      subspecies is indeterminate at present; moreover, they may differ in their
      intravascular metabolism, in their degradation in tissues and in their relative
      atherogenicities.

PMID- 3401288
TI  - The biochemical composition of haemodynamically stressed vascular tissue. III.
      The collagen composition of experimental arteriovenous fistulae.
AB  - The external jugular vein and the common carotid artery were anastomosed in 8
      sheep. Morphological changes similar to those observed in human atherosclerosis
      are produced particularly in the venous tissue. There is a significant increase
      in the collagen content of the dilated mid-segment of the experimental vein. Also
      there is a positive correlation between post-operative age and the amount of
      collagen, especially in the distal region of the artery and in the proximal and
      middle regions of the vein. In both the control and experimental veins the amino
      acid composition of collagen was very similar. However, the arterial preparations
      did not exhibit the same degree of purity. Most of the collagen was the type I
      variant (approx. 80% in arteries and 70% in veins). In the sham-operated veins
      about 30% of the collagen was type III but it was nearer 17% in the control
      arteries. Whilst experimental and control arteries had similar proportions of
      type III collagen, there was a 30% reduction in the experimental veins. Although
      there was no significant correlation between the proportion of any of the genetic
      types of collagen and the post-operative age of the animals, there was a strong
      correlation for the increment in type I in all regions of the experimental vein
      as a function of time.

PMID- 3401289
TI  - Biochemical and pathological features of a modified strain of Watanabe heritable
      hyperlipidaemic rabbits.
AB  - A modified strain of heritable hyperlipidaemic rabbit has been produced by
      crossing male albino rabbits homozygous for low density lipoprotein receptor
      deficiency into a coloured commercial colony with strong breeding
      characteristics. The genetic deficiency has been preserved in the resulting
      offspring through many generations. Litter numbers, live weight gains and energy
      intake are similar to normal rabbits. Free and esterified cholesterol in serum,
      and total cholesterol in very low density plus low density lipoproteins, are
      markedly increased in homozygote, but only slightly raised in heterozygote,
      animals. High density lipoprotein-cholesterols show an opposite trend but with
      less marked differences between the genetic strains. Liver total and esterified
      cholesterol levels were substantially increased in homozygotes, and the ability
      of liver membranes to bind human 125I-LDL was markedly reduced, owing to a
      reduction of the number of high-affinity binding sites. All animals with serum
      cholesterol values greater than 14 mmol/l at weaning developed extensive aortic
      atherosclerosis within 16 weeks. The early lesions had the histological
      appearances of fatty streaks and progressed to complicated disease at 6-12
      months. A distinctive pattern of calcific arteriosclerosis, quite different from
      atherosclerosis, was observed in most aging heterozygote animals and was
      associated with extensive renal calcium deposition. Corneal arcus developed in
      some homozygotes but there was no evidence of cerebral atherosclerosis. We
      conclude that homozygotes of this modified strain can be used for macroscopic
      studies of the progression of aortic atherosclerosis in the first 4 months after
      weaning but after this period a combination of macroscopic and microscopic
      techniques are required. Heterozygotes are unsuitable for studies of this nature.

PMID- 3401290
TI  - Evidence for an inverse relation between plasma triglyceride and aortic
      cholesterol in the coconut oil/cholesterol-fed rabbit.
AB  - Rabbits fed a commercial chow diet containing 0.5% cholesterol and 14% coconut
      oil developed more severe hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis than rabbits fed the
      same diet containing olive oil in place of coconut oil. Average plasma
      cholesterol was twice as high in the coconut oil/cholesterol-fed rabbits than in
      olive oil/cholesterol-fed rabbits. Final plasma triglycerides, although highly
      variable, were approx. 20-fold higher than basal plasma triglyceride in coconut
      oil/cholesterol-fed rabbits; plasma triglyceride in olive oil/cholesterol-fed
      rabbits remained unchanged throughout the study period. In coconut
      oil/cholesterol-fed rabbits, a direct relationship between plasma triglyceride
      and aortic cholesterol was not found. Plasma cholesterol and aortic cholesterol
      were also not correlated at a statistically significant level (r = 0.26, P
      greater than 0.25). However, when both plasma cholesterol and triglyceride were
      simultaneously introduced as predictors of aortic cholesterol, the correlation
      between these plasma lipids and aortic cholesterol became highly significant (r =
      0.64, P less than 0.02). Aortic cholesterol increased in proportion to plasma
      cholesterol concentrations but appeared to be inversely related to plasma
      triglyceride levels.

PMID- 3401291
TI  - Familial lipoprotein lipase deficiency: abnormal lipoproteins and defective
      metabolism of low density lipoproteins in cultured human skin fibroblasts.
AB  - Lipoproteins (chylomicrons + VLDL, VLDL, IDL, LDL and HDL) were separated from
      the plasma of 2 patients with primary, familial lipoprotein lipase deficiency.
      Chylomicrons were excessively enriched with cholesteryl esters. VLDL and IDL were
      of almost normal composition. LDL separated into 2 fractions LDL1 and LDL2, both
      triglyceride- and protein-rich and cholesteryl ester-poor. LDL2, the main LDL
      fraction, was denser and smaller than normal LDL. HDL3 was the only HDL
      population identified and was also triglyceride- and protein-rich and cholesteryl
      ester-poor. These observations indicate excessive triglyceride and cholesteryl
      ester transfer between chylomicrons and LDL and HDL. VLDL and its immediate
      catabolic product, IDL, seem to be spared the effects of the lipid transfer
      reaction. The biological reactivity of LDL1 and LDL2 was investigated in
      upregulated cultured human skin fibroblasts. Both exhibited defective specific
      binding to the LDL receptor and ineffective capacity to down-regulate sterol
      synthesis. These abnormalities were more pronounced with LDL3. The ineffective
      downregulation of sterol synthesis is most probably due to both the cholesterol
      content of the LDLs and their reduced binding to the LDL receptor. The defective
      binding of the LDLs to the receptor can be attributed to the abnormal composition
      of the lipoproteins and, to a lesser degree, reduced diameters (only LDL2). It is
      concluded that abnormal composition of LDL, in particular of lipid moieties, may
      change the affinity of the moiety of the lipoprotein towards the LDL receptor.

PMID- 3401292
TI  - Composition of platelet fatty acids and their modulation by plasma fatty acids in
      humans: effect of age and sex.
AB  - This study evaluates the influence of sex on platelet fatty acid (FA)
      composition, and whether sex differences are conditioned by age. Since plasma FA
      have a specific relationship with platelet FA their variations with age and sex
      are also considered. Forty-nine male-female human couples (16-75 years), where
      within each couple the partners were on qualitatively similar diets and of
      similar age, were studied. Few differences were found between the whole groups of
      men and women in platelet FA. A comparison of data on FA in platelet
      phospholipids (PL) from 3 age groups (16-40, 40-60 and over 60) showed an
      increase in saturated FA of middle-aged subjects, an age-dependent decrease in
      20: 5 in both sexes and of 18: 2 mainly in women. The percentage of plasma
      phosphatidylserine plus phosphatidylinositol decreased in middle-aged subjects.
      With regard to the influence of FA of plasma PL on FA of platelet PL, we found a
      higher correlation coefficient (r) for 16:0 and 18:0 and 20:4 and a lower one for
      20:5 in middle-aged men and post-menopausal women. Considering that an increase
      in saturated FA and 20:4 and a decrease in 20:5 in platelet PL may increase
      platelet function, the plasma FA influence on platelets may help to explain the
      higher incidence of CHD in those groups of subjects.

PMID- 3401294
TI  - Plasma lipoprotein alterations in squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) during
      ethanol administration and abstinence.
AB  - The time course of lipoprotein changes during ethanol (EtOH) consumption followed
      by abstinence was examined in 3 groups of male squirrel monkeys: 1) controls fed
      isocaloric liquid diet; 2) low EtOH monkeys given liquid diet with vodka
      substituted isocalorically for carbohydrate at 12% of calories; and 3) high EtOH
      animals fed diet plus vodka at 24% of calories. After 2 weeks, high EtOH monkeys
      showed significant elevations in total plasma cholesterol which continued to
      increase at 4 weeks and then declined at 8 weeks. These elevations were the
      result of increases in both low density (LDL)- and high density lipoprotein (HDL)
      cholesterol. Low EtOH monkeys had a modest increase in total cholesterol
      throughout 8 weeks which was attributed to increments in HDL-cholesterol alone.
      During abstinence, total, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol concentrations decreased
      rapidly in the high EtOH group and were similar to control values after 4 days.
      HDL-cholesterol showed a more gradual decline in animals fed 12% EtOH while LDL
      cholesterol remained low and not significantly different from controls. Liver
      function tests were normal for all animals. Our results indicate that low-dose
      EtOH favors a coronary protective lipoprotein profile (increases HDL, decreases
      LDL) in squirrel monkeys while the higher alcohol regimen causes both favorable
      and unfavorable alterations in plasma lipids which quickly revert to control
      levels during abstinence.

PMID- 3401293
TI  - Homocysteine and myocardial infarction.
AB  - Five (24%) subjects out of a group of 21 men, 48-58 years old (mean 54), who had
      suffered their first myocardial infarction (MI) before the age of 55 and with a
      low risk profile vis-a-vis conventional risk factors in a health screening
      preceding the MI, had abnormally high total plasma homocysteine values in the
      fasting state when investigated within 1-7 years (mean 3) after their MI. The
      patient group was exactly matched with 36 control subjects for sex, age,
      diastolic blood pressure, smoking, and serum concentrations of cholesterol and
      triglycerides. Total plasma homocysteine was negatively correlated to both
      erythrocyte folate and serum vitamin B12, and vitamin concentrations below the
      median of the normal distribution were found in the five with high plasma
      homocysteine content, indicating a possible involvement of reduced remethylation
      of plasma homocysteine to methionine. After methionine loading, in 3 of the
      patient group (14%) homocysteine levels exceeded mean +2 SD for controls, which
      may indicate heterozygosity for homocystinuria. Results are consistent with the
      hypothesis that a high plasma homocysteine content may be a risk factor for MI.

PMID- 3401296
TI  - MR imaging of rat brain glioma: Gd-DTPA versus Gd-DOTA.
AB  - The enhancement properties of gadolinium diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid
      (DTPA) and gadolinium tetraazacyclododecanetetraacetic acid (DOTA) were compared
      using a rat glioma model. In vitro analysis included the calculation of T1
      relaxivity and determination of characteristic curves. Enhancement of the
      intracerebral glioma was studied in 23 rats approximately 2 weeks after glioma
      implantation with Gd-DTPA in 12 rats and Gd-DOTA in 11 rats. Six rats were also
      studied 1 week after implantation. Gd-DTPA exhibited a slightly greater T1
      relaxivity in vitro than Gd-DOTA. Enhancement of the glioma was also greater with
      Gd-DTPA than with Gd-DOTA (P less than .05).

PMID- 3401295
TI  - The role of red blood cells in platelet aggregation in whole blood.

PMID- 3401297
TI  - Technetium 99m HMPAO scanning in patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage: a
      preliminary study.
AB  - Technetium 99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime (HMPAO) is an agent which, when
      injected intravenously, gives images which reflect cerebral blood flow. Seven
      patients who had suffered subarachnoid haemorrhage were examined by cerebral
      angiography and by 99Tcm HMPAO scanning. The two studies were compared and in six
      cases there was evidence of decreased cerebral perfusion in relation to the
      ruptured aneurysm causing the subarachnoid haemorrhage. In one case no cause for
      the haemorrhage was demonstrated angiographically, and the HMPAO study was
      normal. In two of the six cases, spasm of the cerebral artery distal to the
      ruptured aneurysm was seen angiographically and it appears that 99Tcm HMPAO
      scanning does not correlate with gross arterial spasm but reflects smaller
      degrees of cerebral underperfusion not demonstrable by angiography. The results
      demonstrate a relationship between local decreased cerebral perfusion and
      ruptured cerebral aneurysm and may be of use in determining which aneurysm has
      bled in patients who have more than one aneurysm demonstrated angiographically.

PMID- 3401298
TI  - [MRI of spinal cord tumor--contrast enhancement effect of Gd-DTPA].

PMID- 3401299
TI  - [Lipoblastic liposarcoma of the lung. Ultrastructural study of a case].
AB  - A case of fatal lipoblastic pulmonary liposarcoma in a 20 year-old female is
      reported. A thoracotomy was performed but failed to yield the pathological
      diagnosis. This diagnosis was obtained by ultrastructural study of a cerebral
      metastasis. To our knowledge, only seven cases of pulmonary liposarcoma have been
      previously described in the literature and the lipoblastic aspect was never
      mentioned.

PMID- 3401300
TI  - [Morphometric analysis of systematic colonic biopsies].
AB  - Using an automatic image analysis processor we measured the cellular density of
      the lamina propria and the mean glandular area on biopsies issued from 10 normal
      patients. The microscopic image was automatically digitalized and filtered. The
      operator manually traced the perimeter of the mucosal glands. The mean nucleus
      number for a 32,000 microns2 chorionic area is 177 +/- 24. The mean glandular
      area is 51.2 +/- 2.9%. This method is fast (2 min by field) and reproducible. It
      can be proposed for the study of inflammatory conditions on systematic colonic
      biopsy material.

PMID- 3401301
TI  - Morphogenesis of testicular atrophy.

PMID- 3401302
TI  - [The safety of anesthesia rooms].

PMID- 3401303
TI  - [Exudative and purulent pericarditis with cardiac tamponade--a case report].

PMID- 3401304
TI  - [Cardiac stroke volume data using thermodilution. 2. Cardiac stroke volume
      following thoracic surgery interventions].

PMID- 3401305
TI  - [Secondary transport with urgent medical care--analysis of a rural district].

PMID- 3401306
TI  - [Management of the severely injured patient by urgent medical care].

PMID- 3401307
TI  - [Cell-mediated immunity in antibiotic therapy].
AB  - Should antibiotic therapy required in the treatment of acute infection be
      administered frequently in patients at risk with clinical conditions involving
      recurrent superinfection? The results of our ongoing investigations initiated in
      1967 and the present study indicate that macrolides, particularly erythromycin
      depress the host defense system. In contrast in a study performed in subjects
      treated for 8 days using cell-immunity tests, we found that cefaclor and
      amoxicillin may have an enhancing effect on host defenses.

PMID- 3401309
TI  - Summary of the communications. The Third International Food Allergy Workshop.
      Lyons, 6th and 7th June 1986.

PMID- 3401308
TI  - [Determination of specific IgE by chemiluminescence. The IgE DHS-CLA system].
AB  - The DHS-CLA IgE system (MAST immunosystems) allows simultaneous determination of
      specific IgE for 35 different allergens. The method here described is compared
      with RAST and results are in good agreement with allergic etiology. CLA testing
      appears to be a good alternative when anamnesis does not permit a clear
      diagnostic orientation.

PMID- 3401310
TI  - [In vitro diagnosis of food allergy. Correlations among different diagnostic
      methods].
AB  - Diagnosis of immediate-type food allergy (AA) needs several kinds of
      investigation. To make their respective values clearer, we have studied the
      correlations that may exist between clinical scores, prick-tests (PT), oral
      provocation tests (TPO), measurement of fixed IgE on the polynuclear basophils
      (TDBH) free, serum IgE (RAST) and lymphoblast transformation (TTB) in 105
      patients aged from 5 months to 17 years 3 months, who were suspected of AA. The
      weakest tests were PT and TPO of which the use (or not) at first were the two
      possible diagnostic approaches for AA. The study of the linear correlations
      between the different diagnostic tests taken two by two showed that there was a
      statistically significant correlation - the only one that we found - between PT
      and RAST (p2 less than 0.001). Finally, the level of agreement between PT and TPO
      was 86%.

PMID- 3401311
TI  - [Specific desensitization with allergen extracts absorbed on calcium phosphate
      (Pasteur Institute). Clinical and biological study apropos of 107 cases].
AB  - 107 allergic patients (71 children and 36 adults) were desensitized with allergen
      extracts adsorbed on calcium phosphate. Patients were selected following their
      symptoms (asthma, rhinitis, juvenile bronchitis, pollinosis), skin tests (ID or
      Prick) and total or specific IgE levels (PRIST and RAST). A mean of 17 month
      treatment, usually with house dust and mite extracts, rarely with house dust
      extract alone and in 6 cases with a mixture of grass and cereal pollens. The
      major aim of this study was to test the immunotherapy efficiency and to compare
      the IgE level variations and the clinical results. The treatment was found very
      good in 62% of the cases, good in 28%, and negative in 10% of the cases. The mean
      total IgE level has decreased of 58%, and the specific IgE level has decreased in
      77% of the patients. The number of patients with a RAST class O to house dust and
      mites has increased respectively of 23% and 24.4% after the treatment. Besides
      some very good cases where the IgE levels have dropped there are lew relations
      between the total or specific IgE antibodies and the clinical results. The
      tolerance of the hyposensitization treatment was judged excellent. In conclusion,
      the calcium phosphate absorbed allergen extracts are confirmed as efficient and
      safe in immunotherapy.

PMID- 3401312
TI  - Pointing.
AB  - The roles of vision and proprioception in the task of pointing at a distant
      object were investigated. When guided solely by proprioception, subjects pointed
      from the shoulder through the finger to the object, down the long axis of the
      arm. When vision was present, it dominated proprioception and subjects pointed
      with the fingertip close to a sight line from the eyes to the object.

PMID- 3401313
TI  - Memory in male and female Wistar rats: effects of gonadectomy, and stimulus
      presentations during the delay interval.
AB  - The present experiment was designed to investigate the effects of gonadectomy on
      the response accuracy of male and female Wistar rats in an operant delayed
      spatial response alternation procedure. Subjects were exposed to 3 randomly
      presented delay intervals during each experimental session (15, 30 and 60 s).
      Response accuracy decreased as a function of the duration of the delay interval.
      Prolonged exposure to the experimental procedure differentially affected the
      behavior of intact and gonadectomized males and females. Intact males showed a
      more rapid increase in response accuracy as compared to any of the other groups
      of subjects, but differences in steady-state behavior were not observed. The
      effect of stimulus presentations during the delay interval on the alternation
      accuracy of intact and gonadectomized male and female Wistar rats was studied in
      a second experimental condition. The presentation of stimuli during the delay
      interval equally affected response accuracy of intact and gonadectomized subjects
      at all delay interval durations. Differences between the sexes, or between intact
      and gonadectomized subjects were not observed in the second experimental
      condition. The results of the present experiments thus suggest that intact and
      gonadectomized male and female Wistar rats do not differ with respect to memory
      as measured in operant delayed spatial alternation tasks, since both males and
      females were equally susceptible to the presentation of stimuli meant to disrupt
      ongoing memory processes.

PMID- 3401314
TI  - Improvement of shuttle-box learning with pre- and post-trial intracranial self
      stimulation in rats.
AB  - The effects of intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) in the lateral hypothalamus
      upon the acquisition and long-term retention (LTR) of shuttle box avoidance
      conditioning were studied in Wistar rats. Two groups of subjects learned the
      avoidance task in 5 daily training sessions and were allowed to self-stimulate
      either before (Pre-ICSS group), or after (Post-ICSS group) each training session.
      A control group received training but no ICSS. Ten days following the last
      training session, LTR of the task was determined in one avoidance session without
      ICSS. A fourth group was added post-hoc which was allowed to self-stimulate
      before the training sessions as well as before the LTR test. Both the Post-ICSS
      and Pre-ICSS groups improved in acquisition of the learned response over the
      successive training sessions, as compared with Controls. In the LTR test, the
      animals of the Post-ICSS group maintained the response level achieved in the last
      acquisition session. In contrast, the subjects of the Pre-ICSS group showed a
      significant decrease of the same response, unless they were given ICSS treatment
      prior to the LTR test. This may indicate a 'state-dependent learning' effect
      being responsible for the decrease in the LTR observed in Pre-ICSS group. Because
      both pre- and post-training ICSS treatments improved the acquisition and the LTR
      of the learned response, it is suggested that the contingency of the treatment
      with training (that is, ICSS treatment immediately after the training sessions)
      is not a necessary condition to facilitate the acquisition and the consolidation
      of two-way active avoidance learning.

PMID- 3401315
TI  - AF64A(ethylcholine aziridinium ion)-induced basal forebrain lesion impairs maze
      performance.
AB  - Rats were given bilateral injections of ethylcholine aziridinium ion, AF64A (1
      nmol/side) into the basal forebrain (BF). One month later, choline
      acetyltransferase activity was reduced by 25% in the frontal cortex (FC). There
      was a marked decrease in cortical uptake of [3H]choline, but [3H]GABA and
      [3H]dopamine uptake was not affected by the injection. Histological analysis
      confirmed that this dose of AF64A caused acetylcholinesterase staining in the FC
      to disappear. Acquisition and retention of a T-maze task were impaired in the
      rats with BF lesions one month after the injection. Acquisition of the water
      filled multiple T-maze task was also impaired by AF64A. These observations
      suggest that the cholinergic component in the BF is involved in spatial memory.

PMID- 3401316
TI  - Some effects of commissurotomy on the reinstatement and potentiation of lesion
      deficits.
AB  - Two experiments investigated in rats the effects of cutting the corpus callosum
      after recovery from unilateral cortical lesions that produce transient symptoms
      of neglect and circling. Side of lesion was also examined. In Expt. I, 60 rats
      received left or right lesions of parietal, medial frontal, or motor cortex.
      After one month of testing for visual, auditory and somatosensory responsiveness
      and for circling, the callosum was cut, and the sequence of measures was
      repeated. Callosotomy reinstated neglect after recovery from the lesions in the
      parietal and medial frontal groups, more severely and consistently in the frontal
      group. Side of lesion made no difference. Circling was predominantly ipsiversive
      after the cortical lesions, due entirely to the frontal group. Callosum section
      markedly potentiated contraversive circling in the left parietal group; right
      parietal animals showed no preference. This was the only hemisphere difference
      found. Circling remained ipsiversive in medial frontal animals after callosotomy.
      These circling biases did not diminish in the postcallosotomy period. Expt. II
      replicated the circling procedures with 58 animals that were given the same
      unilateral cortical lesions or were unoperated controls. Callosotomy was
      performed one month postlesion. Again, left parietal animals circled
      contraversively, and there was no bias in the right parietal group. A left-right
      difference was also evident in the motor cortex group, left lesions producing
      contraversive turning. We confirm the reinstatement of neglect from frontal
      lesions by callosum section previously found in the monkey and show that it also
      occurs with parietal lesions. While neglect symptoms do not differ after left or
      right lesions, circling does: left parietal lesions plus callosotomy produce a
      marked contraversive tendency that may reflect an elemental spatial
      lateralization.

PMID- 3401317
TI  - Bombesin-induced grooming in the golden hamster.
AB  - Lateral cerebroventricular injection of the peptide bombesin (0.01-1.0
      micrograms) promptly elicited excessive grooming and scratching behaviors in home
      caged male and female golden hamsters. Bombesin-induced grooming persisted
      throughout a 60-min observation period at doses of 0.1-1.0 micrograms. Grooming
      with forepaws and mouth was more consistently increased than hindleg scratching
      behaviors. Dependence of this neuropeptide effect on grooming on muscarinic
      cholinergic activity was assessed by injecting scopolamine (0.001-1 mg/kg)
      intraperitoneally 15 min prior to 0.1 microgram bombesin. Excessive grooming
      induced by centrally administered bombesin was abolished by 0.1 and 1 mg/kg
      scopolamine, although basal level of grooming was not significantly affected. The
      findings indicate a cross-species generality of the dependence of bombesin
      induced grooming on muscarinic cholinergic activity, and species-specific
      differences among rodents in the components of excessive grooming elicited by
      bombesin.

PMID- 3401318
TI  - Atropine infusions near the sexually dimorphic area of the gerbil hypothalamus
      facilitate hormonal induction of scent marking.
AB  - The sexually dimorphic area (SDA) of the gerbil hypothalamus contains cells in
      which acetylcholinesterase activity is stimulated by testosterone. These cells
      are probably cholinoceptive. Because cholinoceptive cells and the SDA are both
      implicated in hormonal control of gerbil scent marking, marking was studied in
      castrated males given a low dose of testosterone systemically, and atropine, a
      cholinergic antagonist, near the SDA. Controls received saline near the SDA or
      atropine in the thalamus. Subjects were also tested for male sexual behavior,
      since it is also affected by the SDA. Infusing 25-35 micrograms atropine methyl
      nitrate near the SDA twice a week facilitated marking but did not affect mating.
      Experimental males marked more, whereas controls marked less, while receiving
      infusions, than they did before castration. The two control groups did not differ
      from each other. After infusions stopped, marking by experimental males
      decreased, though residual effects were detected in one test setting. The data
      suggest that a cholinoceptive system in or near the SDA participates in hormonal
      control of gerbil scent marking.

PMID- 3401319
TI  - The pretectum and visual discrimination learning in the hooded rat.
AB  - In previous studies on the effects of pretectal lesions on visual discrimination
      performance, the lesions have either been small or their effects confounded with
      damage to the adjacent thalamus and the results have been inconsistent. This
      study compares the effects of large pretectal lesions (PRT) with lesions in
      lateral (TLP) and medial (MPT) posterior thalamus on simultaneous black versus
      white (BW), horizontal versus vertical (HV) discrimination acquisition and low
      frequency flicker detection. An unoperated control group treated regularly with a
      cycloplegic to produce mydriasis was also tested in the discrimination learning
      phase. PRT lesions and treatment with the cycloplegic produced mydriasis as well
      as an impairment on BW. Neither group was impaired on HV. Animals with MPT and
      TLP lesions were impaired on BW and HV and those with TLP lesions were also
      impaired on flicker detection. It is concluded that the pretectum is important
      for visual intensity discrimination learning but the effects of lesions are due
      to disturbances of pupillary control. The significance of this finding for the
      interpretation of deficits produced by lesions elsewhere in the thalamus is
      discussed.

PMID- 3401320
TI  - Vasopressin and amphetamine, but not desglycinamide vasopressin, impair
      positively reinforced visual attention performance in rats.
AB  - Rats were trained to respond to the lever above which a light stimulus was
      briefly (0.5 s) presented at unpredictable times. Once the task had been learned
      to criterion, subjects were injected, intra-peritoneally, with arginine8
      vasopressin, desglycinamide arginine8-vasopressin (AVP or DGAVP: 0, 5, 10 or 20
      micrograms/kg) or D-amphetamine (AMP: 0, 0.75, 1.5 or 3 mg/kg) prior to test.
      Attention performance was assessed using several different indices, including
      percent corrects, sensitivity and responsivity measures derived from signal
      detection theory, the recently described probability of (response) repetition and
      switching, and latency to respond. AVP had a disruptive effect on percent
      corrects at the highest dose and increased response latencies, but DGAVP, which
      lacks pressor activity, had no behavioral effects. AMP markedly impaired most
      aspects of performance, and was the only substance to alter response strategies
      by inducing bias and repetitive responding. It is concluded that (1) contrary to
      some recent reports, visual attention is disrupted, not improved, by peripherally
      injected AVP, (2) these effects reflect pressor potency, (3) the disruption
      induced by AMP reflects response alterations, while the peptide probably affects
      more cognitive mechanisms, and (4) certain recently described indices are more
      sensitive than others in detecting response bias.

PMID- 3401321
TI  - The cortical endogenous late potential in response to ultrasonic signals in the
      estrous rat.
AB  - The evoked responses to 100-ms tone signals of 8, 22, 50 or 70 kHz were recorded
      from the frontal cortex in the conscious female rat throughout the estrous cycle.
      The stimulus-bound evoked potentials did not vary with the estrous cycle. At
      estrus, 50 kHz sounds produced a negative potential peaking at 200 ms in the
      cortex. In other combinations of sound frequency and estrous stage no late
      potentials were detected. This finding demonstrates the presence of human 'Event
      related potential'-like endogenous potentials in the rat that responds to
      ultrasonic signals which mimic those used in intraspecific communication.

PMID- 3401322
TI  - Effects of bilateral lesions of the central and lateral amygdala on free operant
      successive discrimination.
AB  - Male rats received either ibotenic acid (IBO) or sham lesions bilaterally into
      the central or lateral amygdala or were assigned to an unoperated control group.
      After the postoperation recovery period all lesioned and unoperated animals were
      tested for open field behaviour and for the ability to master a free operant
      successive discrimination. Retention of the discrimination learning was evaluated
      48 h later for the original and reversal problem. After the reversal learning
      retention test the unoperated animals were assigned at random to one unoperated
      control and two IBO amygdaloid lesioned groups (central and lateral) and these,
      unoperated and lesioned animals, received additional free operant successive
      discrimination retraining after the surgery recovery period. Significant lesion
      effects were found in the emotional indices in the open field test. The lesions
      significantly impaired the postoperative acquisition of a free operant successive
      discrimination and its reversal and diminished its retention but did not impair
      the retention of such a discrimination task acquired before the lesion. The
      contribution of central and lateral amygdala in open field behaviour and in the
      major components of a free operant successive discrimination is discussed. In
      order to know how the amygdala is involved in association of sensorial stimuli
      with reinforcement we suggest experimental designs controlling the detailed
      components of such an association.

PMID- 3401323
TI  - Visual fields of young children.
AB  - A light-emitting diode (LED) perimeter and forced-choice procedures are described
      that enable quantitative assessment of peripheral visual fields of young
      children. The visual fields of normal children, aged 2-5 years, and adults are
      compared. There are no significant differences in the extent of the LED visual
      field of the children and the adults. For selected neuro-ophthalmology patients,
      results of LED and kinetic Goldmann perimetry have been compared. The patients'
      LED and Goldmann fields are similar in overall extent. In all cases, field
      defects demonstrated by Goldmann perimetry are detected by LED perimetry.
      However, discrepancies in the severity of quandrantanopic defects of a patient
      have been discovered that may be stimulus-dependent.

PMID- 3401324
TI  - Effects of intra-accumbens dopaminergic grafts on behavioral deficits induced by
      6-OHDA lesions of the nucleus accumbens or A10 dopaminergic neurons: a
      comparison.
AB  - Local lesion of the dopaminergic (DA) terminals of the nucleus accumbens have
      been described to reproduce part of the behavioral deficits evoked by the lesion
      of the whole mesocorticolimbic DA system. The most straightforward interpretation
      of these results would be that the DA innervation of the nucleus accumbens is
      necessary for and critically involved in the normal performance of the given
      behaviors. However, while giving some indication as to the necessity of the
      integrity of this DA innervation for normal behaviors, such an approach cannot
      reveal whether the presence of the DA innervation of other mesocorticolimbic
      areas (e.g. amygdala, septum, etc.) is also required. In order to approach this
      question, the behavioral effects of DA grafts implanted into the nucleus
      accumbens of rats were evaluated following two different 6-hydroxydopamine
      induced lesions: a lesion restricted to the anterior DA field (DA terminals of
      the nucleus accumbens and to a lesser degree the frontal cortex and anteromedial
      striatum) or a lesion of the whole mesocorticolimbic DA system. The latter lesion
      induces a disappearance of the DA innervation of the nucleus accumbens as well as
      the amygdala, septum, etc. Both kinds of lesions led to locomotor hypoactivity,
      loss of locomotor activation by amphetamine, increased locomotor stimulation to
      apomorphine, decrease of exploratory activity and loss of hoarding behavior.
      These deficits were not seen in grafted animals bearing a local lesion of the DA
      innervation of this structure. For some of these recoveries, however, a
      pharmacological stimulation of the grafted neurons was required to reveal the
      effect of the graft. In the case of the total lesion of the mesocorticolimbic DA
      system, only locomotor dysfunctions were compensated by the intra-accumbens DA
      implants, while the other deficits remained intact, irrespective of a stimulation
      of the graft. These results indicate that the re-establishment of the DA
      innervation of the nucleus accumbens is a sufficient condition for the
      compensation of locomotor deficits, irrespective of the presence of the DA
      terminals in more posterior limbic structures, while for deficits of more complex
      behaviors the simultaneous presence of posterior DA innervations is also
      required. This latter requirement suggests the existence of some cooperativity
      between the different central DA terminal areas for the normal performance of
      behaviors.

PMID- 3401325
TI  - Selective increase of offensive behavior in the rat following intrahypothalamic
      5,7-DHT-induced serotonin depletion.
AB  - Cerebral serotonin (5-HT) depletions usually increase aggressive behaviors and
      more specifically facilitate elicitation of offensive behaviors. In order to
      localize the brain structures involved in this effect, 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine
      (5,7-DHT), a neurotoxin of 5-HT neurons, was injected into the ascending
      serotonergic pathway within the lateral hypothalamus, thus depleting 5-HT only in
      the forebrain structures. The effects of such treatment on offensive and
      defensive as well as social and non-social behaviors were studied in resident
      rats confronted with untreated intruders. Pretreatment with desipramine protected
      noradrenergic neurons. The content of 5-HT fell to 25% of controls, whereas
      noradrenaline was maintained at 90% in the forebrain anterior to the injection
      site. Ethological analysis of both resident's and intruder's behavior showed that
      offensive items were increased in 5,7-DHT-treated residents, whereas defensive
      items were increased in their non-treated partners; non-social activities were
      unchanged. Control of mouse-killing behavior during a 2-h test in the same
      animals showed a clear increase in elicitation of killing in 5,7-DHT-injected
      rats. These results confirm that the inhibitory control of serotonin is exerted
      specifically on offensive aggression. They suggest that forebrain structures are
      involved in this control.

PMID- 3401326
TI  - The primary structure of the mandrill (Mandrillus sphinx, Primates) hemoglobin.
AB  - The complete primary structure of the hemoglobin from the Mandrill (Mandrillus
      sphinx, Primates) is presented. This hemoglobin comprises two components in
      approximately equal amounts (HB I and Hb II). The alpha-chains differ in
      positions 5 (A3) and 9 (A7) having Ala and Asn in the alpha I-chains and Asp and
      His in the alpha II-chains. The beta-chains are identical. The components could
      be separated by DEAE-Sephacel chromatography. The globin chains were obtained by
      carboxymethylcellulose chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography.
      The sequences were established by automatic liquid or gas phase Edman degradation
      of the chains and their tryptic peptides. The alpha-chains show 9 and 11 and the
      beta-chains 8 exchanges compared with the corresponding human chains,
      respectively. In the beta-chains one alpha 1/beta 1- and one alpha 1/beta 2
      contact is substituted. A comparison of the primary structures of the Mandrill
      hemoglobin chains with those of other species of the Cercopithecidae family shows
      that Mandrillus sphinx should be placed between Cercopithecus and Macaca on one
      side and Papio, Theropithecus and Cercocebus on the other.

PMID- 3401327
TI  - High-altitude respiration of birds. Structural adaptations in the major and minor
      hemoglobin components of adult Ruppell's Griffon (Gyps rueppellii, Aegypiinae): a
      new molecular pattern for hypoxic tolerance.
AB  - The primary structures of the hemoglobins Hb A, Hb A', Hb D and Hb D' of
      Ruppell's Griffon (Gyps rueppellii), which can fly as high as 11,300 m, are
      presented. The globin chains were separated on CM-Cellulose in 8M urea buffers,
      the four hemoglobin components by FPLC in phosphate buffers. The amino-acid
      sequences of five globin chains were established by automatic Edman degradation
      of the globin chains and of the tryptic peptides in liquid-phase and gas-phase
      sequenators. The sequences are compared with those of other Falconiformes. A new
      molecular pattern for survival at extreme altitudes is presented. For the first
      time four hemoglobins are found in blood of a bird; they show identical beta
      chains and differ in the alpha A- and alpha D-chains by only one replacement.
      These four hemoglobins cause a gradient in oxygen affinities. The two main
      components Hb A and Hb A' differ at position alpha 34 Thr/Ile. In case of Ile as
      found in Hb A' an alpha 1 beta 1-interface is interrupted raising oxygen affinity
      compared to Hb A. In addition the hemoglobins of the A- and D-groups differ at
      position alpha 38 Pro or Gln/Thr (alpha 1 beta 2-interface). Expression of Gln in
      Hb D/D' raises the oxygen affinity of these components compared to Hb A/A' by
      destabilization of the deoxy-structure. The physiological advantage lies in the
      functional interplay of four hemoglobin components. Three levels of affinity are
      predicted: low affinity Hb A, Hb A' of intermediate affinity, and high affinity
      Hb D/D'. This cascade tallies exactly with oxygen affinities measured in the
      isolated components and predicts oxygen transport by the composite hemoglobins
      over an extended range of oxygen affinities. It is contended that the mechanisms
      of duplication of the alpha-genome (creating four hemoglobins) and of nucleotide
      replacements (creating different functional properties) are responsible for this
      remarkable hypoxic tolerance to 11,300 m. Based on this pattern the hypoxic
      tolerances of other vultures are predicted.

PMID- 3401328
TI  - High altitude and hemoglobin function in the vultures Gyps rueppellii and
      Aegypius monachus.
AB  - Functional characteristics of the stripped composite hemoglobins (Hbs) of the
      vultures Gyps rueppellii and Aegypius monachus that can fly at extremely high
      altitudes, and of component Hbs of G. rueppellii are reported, in relation to
      influences of pH, temperature and inositol hexaphosphate. G. rueppellii Hbs A, A'
      and D represent a sequence of increasing oxygen affinity, which is opposite to
      earlier results on avian Hb components, but correlates with two alpha-chain
      substitutions that predictably affect oxygen affinity. The homo- and heterotropic
      interactions in oxygen binding are related to primary structures of the
      constituent polypeptide chains to trace molecular adaptations to high-altitude
      respiration, and to physiological factors (pulmonary hypoxia and hypocapnia, body
      temperature shifts, and lung and nasal gas and heat exchange) to discern their
      possible survival value at altitudes of 11,300 m.

PMID- 3401330
TI  - Multiplicity of different stable quaternary conformations in ferric hemoglobin
      from Camelus dromedarius. Modulation by small anions.
AB  - The effect of small anions in modulating polyphosphate-induced conformational
      changes in ferric dromedary hemoglobin (Camelus dromedarius) was investigated.
      The results obtained indicate that: i) in solution, the simultaneous presence of
      polyphosphate and small anions is essential to obtain quaternary changes in the
      protein; ii) the charge, rather than the size or sterical configuration, mainly
      affects the quaternary structural equilibrium of the macromolecule; iii) three
      distinct, stable quaternary conformers of ferric dromedary hemoglobin were
      detected spectroscopically as a function of charge and concentration of small
      anion.

PMID- 3401329
TI  - Determination of neutral haemoglobin variants by immobilized pH gradient,
      reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and fast-atom bombardment
      mass spectrometry: the case of a Hb Torino alpha 43 (CE1) Phe----Val.
AB  - A neutral haemoglobin variant was identified by the combined use of different
      analytical methods. Isoelectric focusing on immobilized pH gradients (under
      denaturing conditions) allowed to detect and alpha chain variant. HPLC of tryptic
      digest showed that its amino-acid variation resided on T alpha 6 peptide
      (position 41-56). In the fast-atom bombardment (FAB) positive mass spectrum of
      the tryptic digest, the protonated molecular ion of the T alpha 6 peptide
      occurred 48 mass units lower than the normal T alpha 6 fragment, corresponding to
      a Phe----Val substitution. To a partial sequence determination (aminopeptidase
      digestion of the T alpha 6 peptide, followed by amino acid determination and FAB
      MS analysis of the digestion-generated mixture) the substitution appeared to be
      on Phe43 (CE1). This variant is already known as Hb Torino. The procedure here
      described proved to be fast and simple, and feasible whenever neutral variants
      are supposed to occur.

PMID- 3401332
TI  - Structural and mixture analysis of glycerophosphoric acid derivatives by fast
      atom bombardment tandem mass spectrometry.
AB  - It is shown that by a combination of positive and negative FAB mass spectrometry
      with collision activation using a tandem mass spectrometer diacyl
      glycerophosphoric acid ester mixtures can be analysed. The following results will
      be obtained: Molecular masses of the single components, nature of the residue
      bound to the phosphoric acid (choline, serine etc.), fatty acids present in the
      single components and (if different) their location at C-1/C-2 as well as a
      quantitative analysis both of the fatty acids in the mixture and of the various
      species making up the latter.

PMID- 3401331
TI  - Fucose-containing oligosaccharides from human milk from a donor of blood group 0
      Le(a) nonsecretor.
AB  - The neutral oligosaccharides from the milk of a single donor with blood group 0,
      Lewis(a+b-) nonsecretor were separated into 18 fractions essentially according to
      the number of carbohydrate constituents using gel permeation chromatography on
      Biogel P-4 and Fractogel TSK HW-40. Further separation was achieved by HPLC and
      by HPTLC after reduction and peracetylation. The fractions obtained were analysed
      by FAB mass spectrometry with and without derivatization and by one- and two
      dimensional proton NMR. Besides the already described 3-fucosidolactose,
      fucopentaose II (2), fucopentaose III (6) and difucohexaose II (4) the following
      fucosylated oligosaccharides could be identified. Among the higher
      oligosaccharides a branched lacto-N-decaose (12) was obtained in pure form after
      removal of the fucose residues by mild acid treatment.

PMID- 3401333
TI  - [Correction (in vitro) of proteinase inhibitor balance in the blood of patients
      after cardiosurgical interventions].
AB  - Proteinase-inhibitor balance in human plasma before and after artificial blood
      circulation was examined. It was shown that trypsinlike and chemotrypsinlike
      proteinases activities after this procedure were 1.6 and 2.8 times higher and
      antitryptic activity 1.2 times lower than in the same patients before the
      procedure. The 40-50% decrease of proteinase activity in human plasma after
      artificial blood circulation was observed as a result of in vitro plasmasorption
      on immobilized human urinary trypsin inhibitor.

PMID- 3401335
TI  - [Magnetic resonance tomography of the brain in malignant arterial hypertension].

PMID- 3401334
TI  - [Determining the linear dimensions of the heart in healthy persons by the method
      of magnetic resonance tomography].
AB  - Linear dimensions of hearts in 16 healthy volunteers obtained by magnetic
      resonance tomography (MRT) and 2-dimensional echocardiography (EchoKG) were
      compared. MRT was performed with BMT 1100 tomograph ("Bruker", FRG) with magnetic
      field strength of 0.235 T using EKG-triggering. Oblique slices through anatomic
      heart axes were registered. Good correspondence of MRT- and EchoKG-obtained
      linear dimensions of heart structures (r = 0.62-0.85) prove that MRT allows
      evaluation of dimensions of various heart structures as effectively as 2
      dimensional EchoKG.

PMID- 3401336
TI  - [Indirect signs of coronary reperfusion in patients with myocardial infarction].

PMID- 3401337
TI  - [Calcium metabolism in arterial hypertension. II. Changes in thrombocyte
      sensitivity to verapamil].
AB  - Verapamil produced dose-dependent inhibition of ADP- and TAF-induced increase in
      thrombocyte calcium concentration in hypertensive patients. Sensitivity to
      verapamil tested by EC50-half-maximal inhibition of responses to hormones can be
      weakened in vitro by adrenalin and strengthened by papaverin. Thrombocytes of
      hypertensive patients were individually sensitive to combination of papaverin and
      verapamil. The cellular sensitivity to verapamil disappeared when clonidine was
      substituted for verapamil and was restored when papaverin was added to verapamil.

PMID- 3401338
TI  - [Heart lesions in malignant renal hypertension].

PMID- 3401339
TI  - [Clinical value of determining Na-Li countertransport in the diagnosis of
      arterial hypertension associated with minor urinary syndrome].
AB  - Na-Li-countertransport was determined in 117 patients aged 16-17. The main groups
      included 22 patients with essential hypertension accompanied by minor urinary
      syndrome; 12 patients with hypertensive form of chronic diffuse
      glomerulonephritis; and 21 patients with chronic pyelonephritis either with or
      without urinary syndrome who exhibited no severe alterations in function, shape
      and structure of kidneys according to instrumental findings. 23 patients with
      chronic diffuse glomerulonephritis and 24 patients with chronic pyelonephritis
      reliably diagnosed by instrumental methods as well as patients with essential
      hypertension without urinary syndrome were included into groups of comparison.
      Patients with essential hypertension from both groups had individual Na-Li
      countertransport values over 300 mumol/l RBC/hr; nevertheless, mean values of
      countertransport as well as systolic and diastolic BP levels were higher in the
      main group. Individual Na-Li-countertransport rates in patients with
      parenchymatous renal diseases did not exceed in overwhelming majority of cases
      300 mumol/l RBC/hr. Main groups and groups of comparison did not differ in mean
      values of countertransport.

PMID- 3401340
TI  - [Use of computerized tomography in the study of the etiology of various forms of
      symptomatic arterial hypertension].
AB  - In 181 patients with arterial hypertension of various genesis clinical-laboratory
      data were compared with those obtained by computed tomography of kidneys and
      adrenal glands for etiology verification. Computer tomography is proved to be a
      valuable noninvasive method for elucidation of retroperitoneal space organs
      pathology which can cause arterial hypertension. Hormonal-active tumors are
      better identified when patients are purposely selected according to the
      catecholamine and VMA levels as well as the state of renin-angiotensin
      aldosterone system. Computer tomography allowed determination of alterations in
      kidneys including those not identifiable by other methods (small cysts in
      kidneys, tumors, concrements).

PMID- 3401342
TI  - [Hypotensive activity of dinitrosyl complexes of iron and proteins in
      anesthetized animals].
AB  - It had been shown before that dinitrosyl iron complexes (DNIC) administration led
      to long-lasting decrease in animal arterial pressure. It was suggested that this
      effect depended on protein DNIC formation which were an NO-store in animal
      tissues. NO was hypotensive agent. To test this suggestion low molecular weight
      DNIC with thiosulphate or phosphate were incubated with blood plasma of dogs and
      rats which evoked protein DNIC formation proved by EPR method. Injections of
      these plasma samples into narcotized dogs and rats produced hypotensive responses
      similar to those produced by low molecular weight DNIC. These complexes, measured
      by EPR method, were formed as a result of Fe(NO)2-groups transfer from low
      molecular weight DNIC to protein RS-groups.

PMID- 3401341
TI  - [Activities of plasma proteinases and their acid-stable urinary inhibitors in
      patients with arterial hypertension].
AB  - The data obtained allow to consider urine acid-stable proteinase inhibitor (ASPI)
      activity as an early and informative index of renal parenchyma damage in patients
      with renal symptomatic arterial hypertensions without significant urine changes.
      Urine ASPI activities seems to be useful in differentiation of patients with
      chronic glomerulonephritis without significant urine changes and patients with
      hypertensions.

PMID- 3401343
TI  - [Effect of the calcium antagonists foridon and nifedipine on systemic
      hemodynamics and myocardial blood flow in dogs with acute myocardial ischemia].
AB  - Systemic haemodynamic and myocardial blood flow effects of ryodipine and
      nifedipine have been studied during acute transitory coronary occlusion in the
      open-chest anesthetized dogs. Acute ischemia has been done by occlusion of left
      anterior descending coronary artery for 5 min. Cardiac output and blood flows in
      the ischemic, lateral border and intact areas of the myocardium were defined with
      15 mcm plastic radiolabelled microspheres. Drugs were administered intravenously
      in equihypotensive doses. Both drugs prevented fall of cardiac index during
      occlusion, decreased arterial pressure and total peripheral resistance but heart
      rate remained unchanged. Ryodipine as well as nifedipine considerably increased
      blood flow (42 +/- 15% and 85 +/- 23%, respectively, P less than 0.05) in the
      intact zones of the left ventricle, but they did not affect the blood flow in the
      ischemic zone.

PMID- 3401344
TI  - [Treatment of refractory arterial hypertension by plasmapheresis].
AB  - 58 patients with severe arterial hypertension (AH) refractory to antihypertensive
      drug therapy including beta-blockers, calcium antagonists, antiadrenergic drugs
      and diuretics with addition of captopril and/or minoxidil were studied. In all
      the patients 3-6 sessions of plasmapheresis (PA) with plasma exchange up to 30
      ml/kg body weight per 1 session were performed. After the course of
      plasmapheresis BP depression on the average by 24% as well as restoration of
      sensitivity to antihypertensive drugs and elimination of signs of malignant AH in
      certain cases were observed. PA was not enough effective in patients with AH
      combined with signs of chronic renal failure. Persistent BP depression as a
      result of the treatment is probably caused by positive hormonal changes, improved
      renal function, increased sensitivity of tissue receptors of target organs to
      antihypertensive drugs as well as improved peripheral blood circulation.

PMID- 3401345
TI  - [Effect of the calcium antagonist nifedipine on central and peripheral
      hemodynamics in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension].
AB  - 15 patients with primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH) were studied. An acute test
      with 20 mg nifedipine (N) sublingually was performed and the pulmonary artery
      pressure (PAP) was measured. N had manifest arterolodilating effect in the
      systemic and especially pulmonary circulation, induced decrease in the total
      peripheral and total pulmonary vascular resistance (TPerVR and TPulVR) by 21.7
      and 25.3%, correspondingly. N had principal effect on pulmonary arterioles
      (TPerVR/TPulVR ratio increased by 16.9%). Systolic and diastolic PAP decreased in
      this case by 15.2 and 18.4%, correspondingly. All the patients demonstrated
      increase in cardiac output (on the average by 17.0%) and insignificant increase
      in heart rate (7.4%).

PMID- 3401346
TI  - [A multifactorial evaluation scale of psychosocial changes in patients with
      hypertension].
AB  - A simple and time-spending method permitting formalized evaluation of
      peculiarities of the personality, psychic status, social-psychologic
      peculiarities and attitude to treatment of patients with essential hypertension
      has been developed. The scale is proved to have high discrimination value,
      theoretic validity and validity according to the outer criteria, as well as
      sufficient reliability and sensitivity. The method may be used for scientific
      purposes as well as in practice for evaluation of psychosocial status of patients
      with essential hypertension, its dynamics in the process of treatment, choice of
      differential medical tactics, prognosis and assessment of the intervention
      effect.

PMID- 3401347
TI  - [Effect of lipostabil on cholesterol levels in atherosclerotic plaques of the
      human aorta and the aggregative capacity of thrombocytes (in vitro study)].
AB  - It was found out that lipostabil induced decrease in cholesterol contents in both
      organ and primary culture of human aorta atherosclerotic plaques. This phenomenon
      was caused by the effect of lipostabil on cellular output of cholesterol. The
      study of concentration dependence showed that the cholesterol-decreasing effect
      of lipostabil was maximal at its concentration in the medium over 250
      microliter/ml. At such concentration lipostabil had no significant effect on the
      blood rheology and inhibited to a great extent platelet aggregation induced by
      phospholipid platelet activating factor and by some other agents.

PMID- 3401348
TI  - [Effectiveness of isolated ultrafiltration of the blood in the treatment of
      patients with pulmonary edema refractory to drug therapy].

PMID- 3401349
TI  - Combined effects of gender and hypertension on the geometric design of large
      arteries. Sexual differences in normal and hypertensive forearm arteries.
AB  - The effects of sex, hypertension, morphologic status, and heart rate were
      assessed on the large arteries of 46 normotensive subjects (23 men and 23 women)
      and 50 hypertensive patients (25 men and 25 women) by means of pulsed Doppler
      determination of diameter and blood velocity of the brachial artery. Compared to
      men, women had lower height, weight, and forearm volume (P less than 0.001),
      higher heart rate (P less than 0.001), and lower brachial artery diameter (P less
      than 0.001) both in the normotensive and hypertensive groups. Compared to
      normotensives, hypertensives of the same sex showed an increase in brachial
      artery diameter, only significant in men (P less than 0.001), and an increase in
      heart rate, only significant in women (P less than 0.001). The multiple
      regression analysis of brachial artery diameter showed significant coefficients
      for sex and hypertension (P less than 0.001), and for age and heart rate (P less
      than 0.05); the multiple regression analysis of blood velocity showed that only
      the coefficient of hypertension was significant (P less than 0.05). The study of
      first-order interactions between the independent variables revealed that effect
      of sex on arterial diameter did not depend on the other variables. In contrast
      the effects of age and heart rate were influenced by the presence or the absence
      of hypertension, and arterial caliber was positively related to age in
      normotensive subjects (P less than 0.05) but not in hypertensive patients, and
      negatively related to heart rate in hypertensive patients (P less than 0.001) but
      not in normotensive subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3401350
TI  - A longitudinal study of urinary creatinine and creatinine clearance in normal
      subjects. Race, sex, and age differences.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to examine the variability of 24-hour urinary and
      serum creatinine levels and creatinine clearance in normal subjects and to
      develop nomograms for assessing the adequacy of 24-hour urine collections. The
      data were from a longitudinal research program examining biochemical, hormonal,
      and hemodynamic parameters in normal subjects. Bloods and 24-hour urine specimens
      were collected at yearly intervals from 144 people over 9 years, and from an
      additional 110 over 4 years. The subjects were originally distributed equally by
      sex, race (black, white), blood pressure (three groups within the normal range),
      and age (three groups). Men had 33% higher urine creatinines per weight than
      females (P less than 0.001). Because they only had 8% higher creatinine clearance
      per weight they also exhibited 21% higher serum creatinine. Blacks had 5% higher
      urine creatinine per weight than whites, perhaps reflecting greater muscle mass,
      but their serum creatinines were not different from those of whites, reflecting a
      5% higher creatinine clearance by weight than whites (P less than 0.01).
      Interestingly, older black men (age greater than 60 years) had 12% lower urine
      creatinine/weight than younger black men (P less than 0.001). They also had 13%
      lower creatinine clearance by weight, resulting in no net difference in serum
      creatinine. The intraindividual variability in urine creatinine excretion
      averaged 15% and did not differ between blacks and whites and men and women. The
      within individual variability in serum creatinine and creatinine clearance
      averaged 14 and 20%, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3401351
TI  - Blood pressure reactivity in patients with neurocirculatory asthenia.
AB  - The hemodynamic reactions of 30 young men with neurocirculatory asthenia (NCA)
      were compared to those of 30 healthy controls in isometric handgrip test,
      orthostatic test, and cold pressor test in order to study the regulation of the
      central circulation of NCA patients. The measurements were made using
      sphygmomanometry, ECG, and impedance cardiography. In the isometric handgrip test
      the heart rate and the diastolic and mean blood pressure increased slightly more
      (P less than 0.05) in the NCA group than in the controls. In the NCA group the
      blood pressure rise was, on average, due to an increase in the peripheral
      vascular resistance, while in the control group it was caused by an elevation in
      the cardiac output. In the orthostatic and cold pressor tests the hemodynamic
      alterations were quite similar in the two groups. It is concluded that the NCA
      patients have in the orthostatic and cold pressor tests a normal ability to
      elevate the blood pressure by increasing the peripheral vascular resistance. The
      lack of rise in the cardiac output during the isometric handgrip test in the NCA
      group is an abnormal reaction, the reason of which remains to be studied.

PMID- 3401352
TI  - Noradrenaline content and adrenergic receptors in kidney and heart of the
      prehypertensive and hypertensive Lyon rat strain.
AB  - Sympathetic activity modulates the blood pressure in part by activation of
      cardiac and renal adrenergic receptors. Thus an alteration of tissue
      noradrenaline content and/or adrenergic receptors in heart and kidney might be
      involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension. In order to verify this
      possibility, we studied tissue noradrenaline content and alpha and beta
      adrenergic receptors in the heart and kidney of Lyon hypertensive (LH),
      normotensive (LN), and low-pressure (LL) rats. Density and affinity of receptors
      were determined using the specific radioligands [3H]-prazosin (alpha 1), [3H]
      rauwolscine (alpha 2), and [3H]-dihydroalprenolol (beta) in prehypertensive (5
      week-old) and hypertensive (21-week-old) rats. In the prehypertensive period, no
      differences concerning renal and cardiac noradrenaline content and adrenergic
      receptor densities and affinities were observed. In the hypertensive period, an
      age-related decrease of renal alpha 1 and beta receptors was observed in LN and
      LL (P less than 0.01) but not in LH rats. Consequently, at this time, density of
      renal alpha 1 and beta receptors was higher in LH than in LN and LL (P less than
      0.01). In contrast, the density and affinity of renal alpha 2 and cardiac alpha 1
      and beta receptors and tissue noradrenaline content were similar in the three rat
      strains. Because renal alpha 1 and beta receptors mediate various functions
      involved in the control of blood pressure such as tubular sodium reabsorption,
      renin secretion, and glomerular filtration, the different density of these
      receptors in LH rats might be involved in the development or maintenance of
      hypertension.

PMID- 3401353
TI  - Hypothalamic digitalis-like substance is released with sodium-loading in rats.
AB  - Role of the hypothalamic digitalis-like substance (EDLS) on the hypertension
      associated with an excess intake of sodium and the releasing mechanism were
      investigated. The blood pressure in rats fed with a sodium diet increased
      significantly after 4 weeks of the treatment compared to the control rats fed
      with a regular diet, which was accompanied by increased urinary output of the
      EDLS. Electrical lesions of the AV3V area in the hypothalamus significantly
      decreased both the urinary EDLS level and the blood pressure elevated by the
      sodium-loading. With the immunohistochemistry using digoxin antibody, the
      immunoreactives were localized in the neurons of paraventricular and supraoptic
      nuclei and some other hypothalamic areas, and were also seen in the nerve fibers
      distributed in the basal hypothalamus, infundibulum, and pituitary posterior
      lobe. Assuming that the CSF sodium is responsible for the release of EDLS,
      hypertonic NaCl (2.5 M) was infused into the lateral ventricle for 30 minutes.
      Blood pressure increased gradually, attaining peak rises about 30 minutes later.
      The plasma content of the EDLS was significantly greater in the hypertonic NaCl
      group than the control group treated with either the artificial CSF or 2.5 M of
      urea solution. On the other hand, the hypothalamic content decreased with the
      infusion of the hypertonic saline. Furthermore, the continuous
      intracerebroventricular infusions of the hypertonic NaCl with osmotic minipumps
      in conscious rats significantly increased the arterial pressure after 6 days.
      Thereby, the plasma level of the EDLS was significantly greater than the control
      rats that received only the artificial CSF.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3401355
TI  - Do laboratory tests of blood pressure reactivity predict blood pressure changes
      during everyday life?
AB  - This study was undertaken to examine whether blood pressure reactivity measured
      in the controlled setting of a laboratory could be correlated with blood pressure
      changes occurring during daily life. The subjects were 164 untreated
      hypertensives with mild hypertension, all of whom had a 24-hour ambulatory blood
      pressure recording, during which their activities were unrestricted. One hundred
      thirteen performed a treadmill exercise test, and 51 performed two active coping
      tasks (playing a video game or mental arithmetic). Blood pressure was monitored
      at baseline and during the tasks. Significant correlations were observed between
      the absolute levels of pressure measured during the laboratory tests and
      ambulatory monitoring, but these were higher for the active coping tasks (r =
      0.53 to 0.75) than the exercise testing (r = 0.26 to 0.46) and were no higher for
      pressures measured during the tasks than at baseline. Correlations between the
      changes of blood pressure during the laboratory tasks and the changes occurring
      during ambulatory monitoring were analyzed in three ways, using simple, multiple,
      and canonical correlations. In no case were these correlations substantively
      significant. We conclude that blood pressure reactivity measured in the
      laboratory may not be readily generalized to changes of pressure in everyday
      life, as measured by noninvasive ambulatory recorders.

PMID- 3401354
TI  - The rabbit renotropic system.
AB  - Elevated levels of a specific renal growth factor, renotropin, have been
      associated with spontaneous hypertension. To examine this association more
      closely, we have undertaken the development of a better assay system to
      characterize and purify renotropin. Sera from rabbits prior to operation
      (control) and at a specified time after unilateral nephrectomy (uni) were
      examined for renotropic activity. Comparing the effects of uni to control sera in
      the same rabbit, significant stimulation of 3H-thymidine incorporation into the
      DNA of primary rabbit kidney cultures incubated in D-valine medium to eliminate
      fibroblast growth was noted: at 3 days postoperatively 73% (n = 13), at 7 days
      103% (n = 39), at 10 days 130% (n = 31), at 21 days 101% (n = 24), at 42 days 89%
      (n = 13). All values were at least P less than 0.01. The stimulatory properties
      were dose-dependent but reached a plateau at high serum concentrations. Comparing
      CPM/mg protein in uni/control in different concentrations of sera 7 days
      postoperatively, uni versus control were 67/44 at 5% v/v, 139/72 at 10% v/v,
      261/161 at 20% v/v, and 243/136 at 40% v/v. The renotropic effect of uni sera
      remained after dialysis in incubation medium and after sera were heated in
      boiling water for 5 minutes. Renal extracts obtained from growing kidneys 7 days
      postnephrectomy augmented renotropic activity. Atrial natriuretic factor,
      ouabain, PGF2 alpha, PGE1, and cAMP did not possess renotropic activity. We
      conclude that the primary rabbit kidney culture assay for renotropin is highly
      sensitive and will be an important tool to comprehend the role of renotropin in
      the pathogenesis of hypertension.

PMID- 3401356
TI  - Nifedipine and platelets in preeclampsia.
AB  - In addition to its antihypertensive properties, nifedipine inhibits platelet
      aggregation in vitro. Because increased platelet aggregation is a feature of
      preeclampsia, we have investigated nifedipine in this condition. Ten women at 31
      +/- 2.8 weeks gestation, with blood pressure 162 +/- 18/102 +/- 10 mmHg (despite
      atenolol 200 mg/day) and proteinuria 2.0 +/- 1.1 g/24 hr, were treated with
      nifedipine. Pregnancies were prolonged by 17 +/- 15 days (range 5 to 56). Blood
      pressure was controlled in eight of the ten patients, final values before
      delivery being 142 +/- 16/89 +/- 12 mmHg (P less than 0.02). Platelet count rose
      in all women from 190 +/- 80 to 261 +/- 78 X 10(9)/1 (P less than 0.001).
      Nifedipine appears to reverse the thrombocytopenia of pre-eclampsia, in addition
      to controlling the blood pressure.

PMID- 3401357
TI  - "Significant" diastolic hypertension in pre-high school black and white children.
      The children and adolescent blood pressure program.
AB  - The Second Task Force on Blood Pressure Control in Children defines "significant"
      hypertension as blood pressure persistently above the 95th percentile for age-sex
      specific distribution. In this report we present preliminary data on the
      prevalence of significant diastolic hypertension in pre-high school black and
      white children after repeated blood pressure measurements. Blood pressure was
      measured in 10,446 children two times at an initial screening in school and
      remeasured two times at a rescreening in 2,808 children from the upper 30
      percentiles of the initial screening distribution. Significant hypertension was
      found in 653 children (6.3%) after the first screening measurement and in 475
      children (4.5%) after averaging the first two screening measurements. At the
      rescreening, the prevalence of significant hypertension was further reduced in
      this cohort to 1% after one measurement and to 0.8% after averaging the two
      measurements. The prevalence of significant systolic hypertension had fallen to
      0.47% after averaging the two rescreening measurements. These data suggest that
      the prevalence of significant hypertension is very low in pre-high school
      children.

PMID- 3401358
TI  - Correlates of cardiac structure and function in normotensive adolescents.
AB  - To evaluate body weight as a determinant of cardiac structure and function in
      adolescents, 47 normotensive 13-year-old subjects were studied with M-mode echo
      duplex Doppler echocardiography (DE). They were separated by body weight into
      standard (greater than 55 kg) and lighter (less than 55 kg) groups. No subject
      had a blood pressure greater than 140/90. The differences between the groups in
      systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures, LV mass, left atrial size
      (LA), and peak aortic flow velocity (PAoV) were measured. (Formula: see text).
      Body weight strongly correlated with SBP in the entire study group (r = 0.66, P
      less than 0.001) but slightly less strongly with DBP (r = 0.48, P less than
      0.001). Left ventricular filling indices such as peak early diastolic flow
      velocity, early diastolic filling integral, peak atrial flow velocity, and atrial
      filling integral were not significantly different between the groups. No
      significant differences in blood pressure, LV mass, LA size, or peak aortic flow
      velocity could be demonstrated when the subjects were subdivided on the basis of
      gender or presence or absence of family history of hypertension. Body weight
      appeared to be not only a strong predictor of blood pressure but also of cardiac
      structural and functional characteristics in adolescents.

PMID- 3401360
TI  - Occlusive vascular disease of lower limbs: diagnosis, amputation surgery and
      rehabilitation. A review of the Burke experience.
AB  - This review is concerned with the epidemiology of lower limb amputations,
      frequency and results of limbsaving procedures and the contemporary management of
      dysvascular amputees. National data showed no decline in the number and rates of
      amputations from 1981-1985, but the frequency of bypass surgery increased
      indicating that the problem of peripheral arterial occlusive disease is far from
      being resolved. Femoral/popliteal bypasses are performed twice as often as
      aorto/ileac procedures but failure rates are high. Based on observations of 238
      amputees we noted that femoral/popliteal bypasses had the highest failure rate,
      particularly when performed as a last limbsaving effort. A laudable trend of
      preserving the knee was noted but poor stump conditions were the most important
      factors influencing the length of hospital stay (average 51 days). The amputee
      rehabilitation process is discussed along with a description of contemporary
      prosthetic technology. The cost effectiveness of state of the art devices for the
      older dysvascular amputee is questioned. The cost of amputation and
      rehabilitation is enormous, especially when preceded by unsuccessful arterial
      reconstruction. The loss of a leg is, of course, a major disaster for every
      individual and therefore limbsaving efforts and amputation techniques must be
      refined and the rehabilitation effort optimized.

PMID- 3401359
TI  - Relationship between red cell sodium transport, blood pressure, and family
      history of hypertension.
AB  - Numerous studies have demonstrated that Na+/Li+ countertransport is increased in
      erythrocytes from hypertensive patients. Since Na+/Li+ countertransport is
      conducted through the physiologically occurring Na+/Na+ exchange, we studied the
      latter pathway in 20 subjects with essential hypertension and 20 normotensive
      subjects matched for age and sex. Ten hypertensives and six normotensives had a
      positive family history of hypertension. Ouabain (0.1 mM) and furosemide (0.1 mM)
      were used to assess the active Na+ efflux and Na+-K+-Cl- pathway. There was no
      significant difference between hypertensive and normotensive subjects in any of
      the three pathways studied. Among the 16 subjects with a positive family history
      of hypertension, the mean value for external Na+-dependent Na+/Na+ exchange was
      significantly higher than in 24 subjects with no family history of hypertension
      (0.0457 +/- 0.0337 versus 0.0283 +/- 0.0202; P less than 0.05). This study
      suggests that an inherited membrane transport defect may exist for Na+/Na+
      exchange in families of hypertensive subjects.

PMID- 3401361
TI  - Night pain associated with diminished cardiopulmonary compliance. A concomitant
      of lumbar spinal stenosis and degenerative spondylolisthesis.
AB  - Twenty patients admitted to hospital with congestive heart failure were evaluated
      for severe concomitant lumbosacral and leg pain. In each instance the discomfort
      was worse at night and progressively decreased with a resolution of the pulmonary
      edema. Neurologic and electromyographic examinations in all but four patients
      were normal with reflexes, strength and straight leg raising testing normal. An
      absent Achilles reflex was recognized in two, a diminished knee jerk reflex in
      one and in a third, weakness in the extensor hallucis longus. Lumbar spinal
      stenosis was identified in all of the patients with a concomitant degenerative
      spondylolisthesis present in nine instances and in an additional two a
      spondylolisthesis with interruption of the neural arch. It is theorized that
      diminished right heart compliance can induce a sufficient increase in venous
      volume and pressure within the paravertebral plexus of Batson to acutely
      exacerbate a chronic lumbar spinal stenosis. In support of this hypothesis, the
      multiple factors involved in the pathomechanics and physiology of lumbar
      radiculopathy, spinal stenosis and the role of the paravertebral plexus of veins
      are examined. Specifically, their response to altered volume and pressure
      gradients tending to induce venous "creep" as well to alterations in posture and
      diurnal cycles are reviewed.

PMID- 3401364
TI  - Physiatrists' views on research.
AB  - A survey of physiatrists' views of conducting research yielded 550 usable
      returns, a response rate of 44%. Respondents were virtually unanimous in
      indicating that research is important for the continuing development of physical
      medicine and rehabilitation. However, 58% reported devoting no time to research,
      and only 2% were spending more than 25% time in research. The two most frequently
      cited barriers to greater research involvement were a lack of funding and
      insufficient equipment, facilities and assisting personnel. The most preferred
      means of supplementing research skills were collaboration or consultation with
      other rehabilitation professionals conducting research.

PMID- 3401362
TI  - Complete hemidiaphragmatic paralysis in a patient with multiple sclerosis.
AB  - We present a case history of a patient with definite multiple sclerosis who
      developed an abrupt onset of unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis, minor increase
      in lower extremity spasticity and complaint of marked neck stiffness. Her vital
      capacity during this episode was 600 mL and she was in impending respiratory
      failure. The diaphragmatic paralysis was demonstrated by radiographic plain films
      and fluoroscopy. Phrenic nerve stimulation was performed during fluoroscopy and
      the evoked motor response from the diaphragm recorded. There was a normal
      amplitude diaphragmatic twitch observed with an evoked motor response latency of
      1 ms and amplitude of 300 microV. After high dose intravenous steroids, her neck
      stiffness and spasticity improved, her vital capacity improved to 1500 mL and her
      diaphragm regained its normal position and movement confirmed by followup
      radiographic plain films and fluoroscopy. We postulate the presence of a
      demyelinating plaque in the brainstem fibers descending to the phrenic nucleus as
      the etiology of the diaphragmatic paralysis. We are unaware of any other case
      reports of unilateral "upper motor neuron" phrenic nerve paralysis secondary to
      multiple sclerosis.

PMID- 3401363
TI  - Averaged F-wave conduction velocity of peroneal nerve.
AB  - Averaged F-wave conduction velocities (a-FWCV) of peroneal nerve were measured on
      38 healthy volunteers and 22 patients with clinical and electromyographic
      evidence of unilateral L5 or L5 + S1 radiculopathy. The peroneal nerve was
      stimulated supramaximally at the fibular head and the compound muscle action
      potential was recorded from the extensor digitorum brevis muscle. Averaged
      tracings from 32 consecutive stimuli were obtained. The averaged F-wave latency
      (Fp) and M-wave latency (Mp) were measured from the stimulating artifact to the
      peak of the waves. The distance (D) between the stimulating point and the T12
      spinous process was measured. The value of a-FWCV was calculated as 2D/(Fp-Mp-1)
      m/second. In normal subjects, the average value of a-FWCV was 56 +/- 4, and there
      was no significant difference between males and females, nor between the right
      and left sides. The differences among the tests administered at different times
      on the same subject were also statistically insignificant. Of the 22 patients, 17
      had subnormal value of a-FWCV if the lower normal limits were defined as mean
      minus 2.5 SD (i.e., 46 m/second) calculated from the normal control value.
      However, only one of them had subnormal value of FWCV calculated by the
      conventional method (without averaging technique). All the patients with two root
      (L5 + S1) involvement had subnormal a-FWCV. It is concluded that the a-FWCV is a
      more sensitive measure than the conventional FWCV in the assessment of L5
      radiculopathy.

PMID- 3401367
TI  - Not rehabilitation medicine but physical medicine and rehabilitation.

PMID- 3401365
TI  - Comparison of plastic/metal and leather/metal knee-ankle-foot orthoses.
AB  - Fifteen children with bilateral lower limb disability were fit alternately with
      plastic/metal (PM) and leather/metal (LM) knee-ankle-foot orthoses. Fit was
      maintained by periodic growth adjustments. Gait, activities of daily living, and
      subjective reactions were gathered for each orthosis type. Despite previous
      anecdotal reports and expert opinion to the contrary, no overall differences were
      found between the two types of orthoses. Several specific differences were
      revealed, however; most children preferred the PM orthoses, saying they were
      lighter and more easily donned and doffed; the PM orthoses also controlled hip
      and knee sagittal motion and foot valgus/varus during gait more effectively.
      Individual biomechanical, neuromuscular and psychologic attributes of the
      disabled child must be carefully matched with the technical attributes of each
      orthotic option to effect an optimal prescription.

PMID- 3401366
TI  - Anorectal injuries incident to enema administration. A recurring avoidable
      problem.
AB  - Injuries to the anorectum have been described as having resulted from therapeutic
      enema use. We report three cases occurring in patients with premorbid perianal
      pathology. All extended hospitalization although each was managed nonoperatively.
      These accidents can be prevented by pre-enema rectal examination and attention to
      perianal anatomy and patient complaints of discomfort during the procedure.

PMID- 3401368
TI  - Importance of the move of the rehabilitation research activities to NIH.

PMID- 3401369
TI  - Motor unit analysis--comparison between concentric and monopolar needles.

PMID- 3401371
TI  - [Alcohol-induced unsafe driving in drivers of lightweight mopeds].

PMID- 3401370
TI  - [Kinetics of the congeners methanol and propanol-1 in the absence of ethanol].

PMID- 3401372
TI  - Measurement of ethanol by Alkomat breath analyzer. Chemical specificity and the
      influence of lung function, breath technique and environmental temperature.

PMID- 3401373
TI  - Investigations on methanol kinetics in alcoholics.

PMID- 3401374
TI  - [Legally relevant effects of drugs in road traffic].

PMID- 3401375
TI  - The Ayerst award lecture 1987/La Conference Ayerst 1987. The intracellular pH of
      white blood cells: measurement and regulation.
AB  - This review summarizes recent progress in our understanding of the mechanisms of
      intracellular pH regulation, with particular emphasis on Na+-H+ countertransport.
      Methods developed for the measurement of cytoplasmic pH in small cells and their
      application to mammalian lymphocytes and neutrophils are described. The basic
      properties of the Na+-H+ antiport in these cells and its regulation by growth
      factors and tumor promoters will be discussed briefly. Finally, the significance
      of cytoplasmic pH regulation to cell function and survival will be considered.

PMID- 3401376
TI  - Bovine thymus satellite I DNA sequences, which are highly methylated, are
      preferentially located in H1-rich chromatin.
AB  - The distribution of 5-methylcytosine among H1-rich and -poor bovine thymus
      chromatin regions was determined. 5-Methylcytosine was enriched in H1-rich
      chromatin regions, with linker and nucleosomal DNA containing similar amounts of
      this modified base. Satellite I DNA sequences, which constitute 5-7% of the
      genome and are highly methylated, were preferentially localized among H1-rich
      chromatin regions, in accordance with the distribution of 5-methylcytosine. In
      contrast to the satellite I DNA sequences, prothrombin (a single copy DNA
      sequence) was localized among both H1-rich and -poor chromatin regions. The
      results of this study are consistent with the hypothesis that DNA methylation has
      a role in modulating the structure of chromatin.

PMID- 3401377
TI  - Protein kinase C in mouse kidney: subcellular distribution and endogenous
      substrates.
AB  - The subcellular distribution, kinetic properties, and endogenous substrates of
      calcium-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C) were
      examined in mouse kidney cortex. Protein kinase C associated with the
      particulate, mitochondrial, and brush border membrane fractions was assayed after
      solubilization in 0.2% Triton X-100 under conditions shown to be noninhibitory to
      catalytic activity. Of recovered activity, 52% was associated with the cytosolic
      fraction; mitochondrial and brush border membrane associated protein kinase C
      constituted 12 and 3%, respectively, of the activity recovered in the particulate
      fraction. Protein kinase C associated with brush border membranes exhibited a
      high affinity for ATP (apparent Km = 62 +/- 10 microM) and the highest apparent
      maximal velocity (1146 +/- 116 pmol P/(mg protein.min] of the renal fractions
      examined. Maximal stimulation of protein kinase C by diacylglycerol (in the
      presence of phosphatidylserine) was achieved at both 25 and 300 microM calcium in
      all renal fractions. These results are consistent with previous reports
      demonstrating that diacylglycerol increases the apparent affinity of protein
      kinase C for calcium. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, but not 4 alpha-phorbol,
      was able to substitute for diacylglycerol and stimulate cytosolic and particulate
      renal protein kinase C. 1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine
      dihydrochloride, a specific inhibitor of protein kinase C, led to significant
      inhibition of catalytic activity in all renal subcellular fractions. Endogenous
      substrates for protein kinase C were demonstrated in renal cytosolic (26, 45, 63,
      and 105 kilodaltons (kDa], particulate (26, 33, 68, and 105 kDa), mitochondrial
      (43 kDa), and brush border membrane (26, 41, 52, 88, and 105 kDa) fractions. The
      possible physiological significance of protein kinase C in mammalian kidney is
      discussed.

PMID- 3401378
TI  - The preparation of rat liver lysosome membranes. Several membrane proteins
      contain complex oligosaccharides.
AB  - Lysosome membranes were isolated, and membrane proteins and glycoproteins were
      characterized by electrophoresis and lectin probes of nitrocellulose blots. Rat
      liver lysosomes were isolated on a discontinuous metrizamide gradient and
      characterized by subcellular marker enzymes. Lysosomes were lysed by hypotonic
      freeze-thaw shock and membranes were isolated. The release of beta-N
      acetylhexosaminidase was used to monitor the disruption of the lysosomes.
      Proteins of lysosome membranes were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate -
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. There were at least 30 proteins present and
      several were glycoproteins. Nitrocellulose blots of lysosome membrane proteins
      were probed with a panel of lectins, including concanavalin A, Ulex europaeus
      agglutinin I, Lotus tetragonolobus agglutinin, soybean agglutinin, peanut
      agglutinin, and Ricinus communis agglutinin I. Peanut agglutinin and Ricinus
      communis agglutinin I binding were also examined after neuramidase treatment of
      lysosome membranes. Ten proteins bound concanavalin A, and neuraminidase
      pretreatment revealed six proteins that bound Ricinus communis agglutinin I and
      three proteins that bound peanut agglutinin. The other lectins tested did not
      bind to any lysosome membrane proteins. These results indicate that lysosome
      membranes contain several glycoproteins, some of which contain sialic acid
      terminating complex oligosaccharides.

PMID- 3401379
TI  - Intracellular Ca2+ shift and signal transduction from the tubulovesicular portion
      of gastric parietal cells during gastrin stimulation or Ca2+ ionophore treatment:
      comparison between luminescent and fluorescent probes, and electron probe X-ray
      microanalyzer.
AB  - In gastrin-stimulated, aequorin-loaded parietal cells from guinea pig gastric
      mucosa, a rapid but transient increase in the cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration
      ([Ca2+]i), owing to Ca2+ released from the store(s), and a more prolonged Ca2+
      entry from outside the cells were observed. However, there was a little increase
      in [Ca2+]i when similar measurements were assessed by quin 2 or fura-2 in
      physiological saline. However, depletion or elimination of Na+ from the
      incubation medium caused a significant increase in the [Ca2+]; response to
      gastrin as measured by quin 2. These findings suggest that aequorin and quin 2
      (or fura-2) provide information about different aspects of Ca2+ homeostasis and
      that there is an inhomogeneity of [Ca2+]i in the cytoplasm during gastrin
      stimulation. By the gastrin stimulation, the intracellular Ca2+ gradients were
      shifted from the unidentified portion(s) to the restricted apical cytoplasm, as
      determined by electron probe X-ray microanalysis. Therefore, localization and
      identification of the source of intracellular Ca2+ as a pool were determined by
      an X-ray microanalyzer. In the resting state, the tubulovesicle had high Ca2+
      concentration compared with the level in the apical cytoplasm. Cells treated with
      the Ca2+ ionophore ionomycin had a decreased tubulovesicular Ca2+ level, followed
      by a reciprocal increase in area of the canalicular membrane. The secretory
      canaliculus in stimulated cells had lower Ca2+ or higher K+ and Cl-
      concentrations than that of tubulovesicles or cytoplasm in the resting state,
      respectively. These findings suggest that the Ca2+ pool of the parietal cell is
      in the tubulovesicles and (or) luminal cell membrane and that the Ca2+ released
      from the store(s) may mediate a flow of K+ or Cl- into the secretory canaliculus.

PMID- 3401380
TI  - Glycosaminoglycan accumulation by normal and malignant human mammary epithelial
      cells in primary culture.
AB  - The effects of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) on cell growth and differentiation
      appear to vary with cell type and stage of development. This study describes the
      types and distribution of GAGs accumulated by normal and malignant human mammary
      epithelial cells in primary culture during their exponential and stationary
      phases of growth. Cultures incubated with [3H]glucosamine or [35S]sulfate were
      separated into medium, extracellular matrix (ECM), and cell fractions. Labelled
      GAGs were identified by chemical and enzymatic degradations and cellulose acetate
      electrophoresis. Cultures of normal cells in the exponential phase of growth
      released the most labelled GAGs into the medium fraction, the majority of which
      was hyaluronic acid (HA). The increase in labelled GAG accumulation, the increase
      in sulfated GAGs localized in the ECM fraction correlated with the reduced
      proliferative activity and increased cell density of cells in stationary
      cultures. In contrast, cultures of mammary tumour cells had the same labelled GAG
      profile, regardless of their growth status. Although there was variation among
      tumours, in general, the majority of the labelled GAGs were secreted into the
      medium fraction and the predominant GAG was HA. The results are comparable with
      those obtained from studies on mammary tissue in vivo. Primary cultures of human
      mammary epithelial cells should be useful for determining how modulations of GAGs
      affect growth and differentiation of these cells.

PMID- 3401381
TI  - Visual field differences in the processing of numerical stimuli.
AB  - Twenty-four right-handed subjects received random presentations of the numbers 1
      6 in the form of words, digits, and dot patterns, to the left and right visual
      fields. Accuracy and reaction time were recorded for an odd-even judgment
      requiring a manual response. A significant stimulus type of visual field
      interaction was obtained, with words showing a left-hemisphere advantage and
      digits and dot patterns showing a right-hemisphere advantage. This pattern
      supports Coltheart's (1980, Deep dyslexia: A right hemisphere hypothesis, In M.
      Coltheart, K. Patterson, & J.C. Marshall (Eds.), Deep dyslexia, London: Routledge
      & Kegan Paul) right hemisphere reading hypothesis, which suggests that the left
      hemisphere's general advantage in processing linguistic material may be specific
      to stimuli which involve phonological processing. When phonological processing is
      not possible (e.g., for arabic digits and other ideographic orthographies), the
      right hemisphere may have an advantage because of its superior visuospatial
      processing capabilities.

PMID- 3401382
TI  - Preserved learning of novel information in amnesia: evidence for multiple memory
      systems.
AB  - Four of five patients with marked global amnesia, and others with new learning
      impairments, showed normal processing facilitation for novel stimuli (nonwords)
      and/or for familiar stimuli (words) on a word/nonword (lexical) decision task.
      The data are interpreted as a reflection of the learning capabilities of in-line
      neural processing stages with multiple, distinct, informational codes. These in
      line learning processes are separate from the recognition/recall memory impaired
      by amygdalohippocampal/dosomedial thalamic damage, but probably supplement such
      memory in some tasks in normal individuals. Preserved learning of novel
      information seems incompatible with explanations of spared learning in amnesia
      that are based on the episodic/semantic or memory/habit distinctions, but is
      consistent with the procedural/declarative hypothesis.

PMID- 3401383
TI  - Automatic and effortful processing after severe closed head injury.
AB  - To investigate the automatic versus effortful distinction following severe closed
      head injury (CHI), we administered free recall and frequency of occurrence tasks
      to patients and controls. In Experiment 1 we found that both free recall (an
      effortful task) and judgment of relative frequency of occurrence (an automatic
      task) were impaired in 15 CHI patients as compared to 14 controls. In Experiment
      2 we corroborated this finding and showed that absolute estimates of frequency
      were also impaired in new samples of 16 patients and 16 controls. We infer that
      cognitive tasks which normal individuals can perform without practice, feedback,
      or instructions may demand more effortful strategies following severe CHI.

PMID- 3401384
TI  - Metamemory in temporal lobe epilepsy: self-monitoring of memory functions.
AB  - Temporal lobe seizure patients and control subjects participated in an
      investigation of metamemory. The two-part study explored the individual's
      perception of memory abilities for both encoding and retrieval. Experiment I
      addressed self-monitoring of encoding through a study of prediction of memory
      span. Experiment II explored self-monitoring of retrieval through a study of
      "Feeling of Knowing." The results indicate that left and right temporal lobe
      seizure patients tend to overestimate their memory capacities, in comparison with
      normal controls, and that self-monitoring tends to be less accurate for material
      (verbal or nonverbal) mediated by side of lesion. The potential impact of
      inaccurate memory monitoring on the memory dysfunction observed in seizure
      patients is discussed.

PMID- 3401385
TI  - Deficits in the implicit retention of new associations by alcoholic Korsakoff
      patients.
AB  - Word-stem completion in the presence or absence of a paired associate was
      assessed for a group of amnesic Korsakoff patients and a group of alcoholic
      controls. Since neither group demonstrated facilitation in the presence of cues
      (Experiment 1), an analysis of the influence of instructions to remember the
      paired associates on cued word-stem completion was performed with college
      students (Experiment 2). Finding a positive effect of instructions led to a
      replication of the task with amnesic patients and alcoholic controls.
      Unfortunately, instructions to remember the pairs did not produce the
      facilitatory effect for either group nor for an age matched nonalcoholic control
      group. (Experiment 3). It was concluded that neither amnesics, chronic
      alcoholics, nor elderly controls had the ability to modify their analysis of
      verbal material as a function of retrieval expectations. As a consequence,
      neither group demonstrated the effect of contextual priming of word completions
      reported by P. Graf and D. L. Schacter (1985, Journal of Experimental Psychology:
      Learning, Memory and Cognition, 11, 501-518).

PMID- 3401386
TI  - Subject knowledge of the experimenter's interest in handedness and familial
      sinistrality variables and laterality test outcomes.
AB  - We investigated the possible influence of common "demand characteristics" on the
      results on behavioral language laterality tasks. The demand characteristics were
      (1) whether Ss were or were not recruited for study according to their
      handedness, and (2) whether a detailed familial sinistrality inquiry was
      conducted before or after the tasks. Tasks were the Dichotic Consonant Vowel Task
      (DCVT) and the Bilateral Object Naming Latency Task (BONLT). Results showed no
      effect of demand characteristics on the BONLT. On the DCVT, however, prior
      inquiry regarding familial sinistrality was associated with significantly reduced
      right ear advantages (REAs). Interactions showed that the greatest reduction in
      REAs occurred in Ss with left-handedness in their families, who were asked about
      familial sinistrality prior to the tasks, who took the DCVT after the BONLT, and
      who were also recruited by handedness. Results, though generally reassuring
      regarding the robustness of the tasks against these sources of bias, raise some
      cautions for the DCVT.

PMID- 3401387
TI  - Melodic and harmonic discrimination following unilateral cerebral excision.
AB  - Seventy-seven subjects who had undergone unilateral temporal, frontal, or
      frontotemporal lobectomy for the relief of focal epilepsy as well as a group of
      20 normal control subjects were tested in two discrimination tasks, requiring the
      detection of a single-note change in a pattern of three notes played either
      successively or simultaneously. Patients with right temporal and right
      frontotemporal excisions demonstrated a significant deficit in melodic
      discrimination in comparison to the normal control subjects. Further analysis
      showed that left-temporal lobectomy including excision of Heschl's gyri (the
      primary auditory receiving area) led to a significant impairment as well, whereas
      anterior left temporal-lobe damage did not result in a significant deficit. The
      results suggest that melodic discrimination depends largely but not exclusively
      on the right temporal lobe, and that the left Heschl's gyri also seem to be
      necessary to succeed in this task. In the harmonic task, the differences between
      the groups did not reach significance, although the two tasks were highly
      correlated.

PMID- 3401388
TI  - Apparent shift in visual field preference after unilateral stroke.
AB  - Patients with either a left- or a right-hemisphere stroke lesion scored higher in
      tasks of word-picture matching and of nonverbal shape matching when information
      was presented tachistoscopically (120 msec) to the visual field (VF) projecting
      to their undamaged hemisphere. Left-hemisphere stroke patients (n = 13) were
      dissociated from right-hemisphere stroke patients (n = 15) by low word
      recognition from memory and by low right VF but nearly normal left VF accuracy in
      word-picture matching or shape matching; the former appeared to rely upon
      processing of word meaning by the right hemisphere. In contrast, right-stroke
      patients had higher right than left VF scores in both tasks, and their
      discrimination of nonverbal shapes via the right VF was not different from that
      of controls (n = 15). Preferred processing by the VF projecting to the undamaged
      hemisphere appeared as a shift in perceptual asymmetry but may indicate, in
      support of a "direct access" model, that each hemisphere responds more or less
      efficiently to word and to nonverbal shape discriminations.

PMID- 3401389
TI  - Some masked inconstancies about constancy.

PMID- 3401390
TI  - Further analyses of masking functions in laterality studies of face-recognition.

PMID- 3401391
TI  - Rolling the dice: a comment on Klein and McInnes "Visual field differences in the
      processing of numerical stimuli".

PMID- 3401393
TI  - More on words, hemifields, and hemispheres: a reply to Schwartz and Kirsner.
AB  - This paper critically examines the theoretical and empirical basis for two claims
      made by Schwartz and Kirsner (1986, Brain and Cognition, 5, 354-361): (1) that
      acuity gradients can account for most visual field effects/interactions reported
      for horizontally presented words, and (2) the acuity gradients should be
      considered the "default" explanation for such findings. It is argued here that
      the acuity gradient account of higher order laterality effects is based on a
      questionable theory of lexical access, has no empirical support, and cannot
      explain, even in principle, many lateralization results. It is concluded that
      acuity gradients make little or no contribution to laterality effects when the
      stimuli consist of short monomorphemic words, and that theoretical explanations
      for such effects ought not be accepted by default.

PMID- 3401394
TI  - Ethmoid osteoma, orbital cellulitis and orbital emphysema.
AB  - A possibly unique association of an osteoma of the ethmoid sinus with orbital
      emphysema and orbital cellulitis is described. The osteoma, which had eroded
      through the orbital periosteum, was removed; the orbital periosteum was grafted
      with fascia lata and a partial external ethmoidectomy performed.

PMID- 3401392
TI  - Visual field interacts with script type when numbers are presented for an
      odd/even judgement: a response to Besner & Bryden.

PMID- 3401396
TI  - The identification of different vascular cells on the corneal endothelium by
      specular microscopy. I. Red blood cells and corneal endothelial changes in
      hyphaema secondary to contusion injury.
AB  - In order to differentiate clearly red blood cells and their relationship to the
      corneal endothelium, specular microscopy was performed in patients with hyphaema
      due to contusion injury. This enabled the clear identification of red blood cells
      as rounded, umbilicated or flattened spheroidal structures depending on whether
      they were seen side on or end on. They were seen best in the relief mode lying on
      the posterior endothelial surface and not infiltrating the corneal endothelium.
      It also disclosed the presence of subendothelial blebs one to three cells in
      diameter seen at the level of the corneal mosaic and not in the relief mode.
      These are probably due to mild oedema following the contusion injury and were
      distinct from the red blood cells. The corneal endothelial cell count and
      morphology were similar to that in the other eye when the changes resolved a week
      or so after the injury.

PMID- 3401395
TI  - Botulinum toxin in ophthalmology.
AB  - Alan B. Scott selected, researched and developed Type A Botulinum toxin for
      clinical use in ophthalmology. This unique drug has proved invaluable for
      treatment of a number of conditions which are difficult to treat in ophthalmology
      and in a variety of other disciplines. The indications, methods and problems of
      its use are described and the results of treatment of 133 patients are discussed.
      Up to December 1986 over 13,000 patients have been treated in a multicentre
      international trial without significant complications.

PMID- 3401398
TI  - Single-eyed infantile esotropia-abductional nystagmus syndrome (unilateral
      convergent squint following enucleation).
AB  - Three infants underwent enucleation of one eye for different indications. This
      was followed by the development of esotropia of varying degree within one to four
      months in all the three cases, and was associated with a coarse nystagmus present
      in abduction, but absent in the primary and adducted positions of gaze. There was
      a face turn to the side of remaining eye. This appears to be a separate clinical
      entity and not early onset esotropia. Possible mechanisms and medicolegal
      implications are discussed.

PMID- 3401397
TI  - Management of dysthyroid eye disease.
AB  - Once the diagnosis of thyroid eye disease has been made the doctor's problems
      begin because the management is long term with a condition that has many
      ramifications over a period of years. Short-term heroics to save vision by use of
      high-dose systemic steroids, orbital decompression or radiotherapy may have to be
      followed by control of diplopia by muscle surgery and prisms. Lid retraction,
      both upper and lower, may merit surgery, and even those patients who have come to
      terms with their facial appearance may still complain of lacrimation, irritation
      and grittiness. The advantages of a thyroid clinic, run jointly by a physician
      and an ophthalmologist, are presented and the patient is helped to live with this
      distressing condition.

PMID- 3401399
TI  - The wait of the world.
AB  - In our modern world, avoidable blindness is as unacceptable as starvation.
      Frameworks exist for both preventative and curative ophthalmology, but these are
      under-staffed. In developing countries, the emphasis must shift to the people
      themselves to take responsibility for their own eye health, an aim which may be
      achieved by simple teaching at grassroots level.

PMID- 3401401
TI  - Soft tissue tumors.

PMID- 3401400
TI  - The identification of different vascular cells on the corneal endothelium by
      specular microscopy. II. White blood cells on the corneal endothelium in
      keratitis.
AB  - Examination of the corneal mosaic by the direct mode of specular microscopy and
      of its posterior surface by the relief mode in three cases of localized keratitis
      with adjacent clear cornea has enabled us to identify small round white cells.
      Comparison with the morphology of red blood cells seen in hyphaema indicates that
      these small round cells are probably lymphocytes since they are fairly uniform in
      size, spherical but not flattened spheroids and about the same size as or a
      little larger than red blood cells. These cells are present on the posterior
      surface of the corneal endothelium but could not be seen infiltrating beneath or
      between the endothelial cells. They were quite distinct from larger, numerous
      rounded blebs two to four endothelial cells in diameter lying beneath the
      endothelium which have previously been described.

PMID- 3401402
TI  - The Italian registry of soft tissue tumors.
AB  - After a review of the incidence data on malignant soft-tissue tumors in Italy
      (Registro dei Tumori della Regione Lombardia, provincia di Varese), Europe (nine
      European Cancer Registries considered representative of various geographical
      areas) and extra-European countries (data of ten World Cancer Registries), the
      aim and the organization of the Italian Malignant Soft-Tissue Tumor Registry are
      described. The collection system is based on dedicated forms prepared for the
      computerization of all data. From 1.1.1985 to 31.3.1987, 207 cases of malignant
      and potentially malignant soft-tissue tumors entered the Registry, with exclusion
      of those sarcomas arising in viscera. The distribution, categorized by histologic
      type, sex and site, and the preliminary results on relapses and metastases are
      reported.

PMID- 3401403
TI  - [Partial oculomotor nerve palsy due to midbrain lesion--case report and
      discussion on its characteristics].
AB  - A case of partial oculomotor palsy due to midbrain infarction is reported. CASE
      PRESENTATION: Fifty-one-year old man noted a sudden onset of double vision. He
      transiently presented right hemiparesis, right hemihyposthenia and cerebellar
      ataxia. The main symptom was the left oculomotor palsy selectively involving
      extraocular muscles (levator and pupil sparing), lasting for more than 6 months.
      The CT scan showed localized and well demarcated low-density areas at the left
      tegmentum of midbrain and left anteromedial thalamus, diagnosed as lacunar
      infarction due to occlusion of paramedian perforators at the basilar bifurcation.
      This midbrain infarct was supposed to be responsible for the partial oculomotor
      palsy. Extramedullary compressive and ischemic lesions have been well-known main
      causes of partial oculomotor palsy. This case, however, has emphasized the
      importance of recognition of midbrain lesion as a causative location of the
      partial oculomotor palsy. While the anatomical elucidation of this infrequent
      palsy is not sufficient, a topography of oculomotor nuclear complex in rhesus
      monkey proposed by Warwick, is worthwhile to correlate with midbrain oculomotor
      palsy in human cases. The pupil and levator sparing oculomotor palsy is most
      frequently caused by the laterally localized lesion at the fascicular portion
      which extends transversely at the midbrain tegmentum. This is the most likely
      lesion in this reported case. It is reported, on the other hand, that the levator
      sparing type oculomotor palsy is caused by a paramedian lesion of rostral
      midbrain and pupil sparing type by caudal midbrain. These may be explainable by
      rostro-caudal extension of the nuclear complex.

PMID- 3401404
TI  - [Clinicophysiological study of multimodality evoked potentials and computed
      tomographic findings in persistent vegetative state].
AB  - The auditory brainstem response (ABR), short latency somatosensory evoked
      potential (SSEP) and visual evoked potential (VEP) of patients in the persistent
      vegetative state (PVS) are reported, and the correlations between the
      electrophysiological findings and the CT scan findings with the three clinical
      grades of the PVS (transitional, incomplete and complete vegetative syndromes)
      are discussed. Twenty two patients in a vegetative state caused by subarachnoid
      hemorrhage (3), hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (5), cerebral infarction
      (6), head injury (3), cerebral anoxia (4) and brain tumor (1). Each evoked
      response was evaluated for the presence or absence of abnormalities and assigned
      a grade ranked I to III. Briefly an evoked response was assigned a grade I, II,
      III if it satisfied the respective criteria of normal, moderately abnormal and
      severely abnormal or absent electrical activity. On the other hand CT scan
      findings in the PVS were evaluated for abnormal low density areas, ventricular
      dilatation and enlargement of the sulci and cisterns indicative of atrophy of the
      brain parenchyma. SSEP and VEP were better correlated with the clinical grade
      than ABR, and upper brainstem atrophy and abnormal low density area in CT scan
      findings were more valuable as an index to expresses the clinical features than
      ventricular dilatation. On the basis of these results, it is concluded that
      studies of ABR, SSEP and VEP associated with CT scan findings in the PVS could be
      a useful diagnostic aid to evaluate the lesions of these patients.

PMID- 3401406
TI  - [Sequential magnetic resonance images of a case of cerebral sinus thrombosis-
      imaging of the thrombosed sinus and its recanalization].
AB  - Magnetic resonance images of a case of superior sagittal sinus thrombosis before
      and after complete recanalization are presented. The patient was a 61-year-old
      man with two days history of intermittent right hemiconvulsion followed by post
      ictal hemiplegia. Mild erythrocytosis was noted on admission. CT scans revealed
      left frontal hemorrhagic infarction with empty delta sign in the middle portion
      of the superior sagittal sinus. Left carotid angiogram showed occlusion of two
      frontal cortical veins and retrograde filling of these veins into the cavernous
      sinus. Lack of filling of the middle and anterior part of the superior sagittal
      sinus was noted. These studies led to the diagnosis of superior sagittal sinus
      thrombosis associated with hemorrhagic infarction. He was treated with
      intravenous infusion of low molecular dextran and venesection. Neither heparin,
      urokinase, hyperosmolar solutions nor steroids were used because of the presence
      of hemorrhagic infarction and of the lack of signs of increased intracranial
      pressure. He completely recovered neurologically and recanalization of the
      superior sagittal sinus was confirmed angiographically eight weeks after the
      onset. Magnetic resonance images were taken with a Siemens 1.5 T Magnetom scanner
      using spin-echo pulse sequences. A T 1-weighted mid-sagittal magnetic resonance
      image ten days after the onset showed hyperintensity in the middle part of the
      superior sagittal sinus which corresponded to the thrombus. Both T 1 and T 2
      weighted coronal images revealed a small area of hypointensity indicating the
      existence of residual blood flow in the superior sagittal sinus in addition to
      the thrombus both in the sinus and in the cortical vein.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3401405
TI  - [The effect of S-adenosyl-L-methionine sulfate tosylate (FO-1561) on survival
      time in various brain damage models].
AB  - The effect of S-adenosyl-L-methionine sulfate tosylate (FO-1561) on survival time
      in various brain damage models (cerebral anoxia or ischemia) was studied. 1) In
      KCN-induced or normobaric anoxia of ddY mice, FO-1561 (30-100 mg/kg as amount of
      S-adenosyl-L-methionine) administered intravenously 15-30 min prior to the
      treatment showed significant increase of survival time dose-dependently. 2) In
      asphyxic anoxia of Wistar rats, FO-1561 (100 mg/kg) administered intravenously 15
      min prior to the treatment (cessation of artificial respiration) delayed the time
      until the disappearance of electrocorticogram. 3) In cerebral ischemia of
      Mongolian gerbils, FO-1561 (50 mg/kg) injected five times at 1 hr interval
      intraperitoneally 3 hr after the unilateral ligation of common carotid arteries
      showed significant increase of survival time. These results suggested that FO
      1561 may be effective in ameliorating cerebral anoxic or ischemic damage, without
      observing any side effects like sedation and motor depression which pentobarbital
      showed with the effective doses in these damage models.

PMID- 3401407
TI  - [Assessment of tissue and intracellular pH following cold-induced vasogenic brain
      edema--in vitro and in vivo study].
AB  - Acid-base balance is closely related to the brain function and various methods
      have been applied to estimate the intracellular, extracellular or tissue pH.
      Umbelliferone, a fluorescent pH indicator, has been used to study either
      intracellular or tissue pH. In the present study, umbelliferone was used for
      histochemically estimating the tissue pH in the rat brain. The pH nomograms were
      made from the difference between fluorescent intensities at 450 nm on both
      excitations at 370 nm and 340 nm at different tissue water contents and different
      umbelliferone concentrations. Linear correlations were noted under each condition
      but 0.125% w/v umbelliferone provided the best estimation of tissue pH because of
      the least influence of water contents. Using this concentration of umbelliferone,
      a histochemical study was done to estimate the sequential changes in tissue pH
      following cold-induced vasogenic brain edema in rats. The results revealed a
      clear delineation of brain edema and the mild alkalosis in the edematous tissue,
      which probably reflects the pH of leaked plasma fluid. While the pH in the cortex
      around the lesion was neutral in the histochemical study, it was acidic in the in
      vivo study. This discrepancy is probably due to the former indicating the tissue
      pH while the latter the intracellular pH. Thus, the alkalosis in the edema fluid
      and the intracellular acidosis in the cortex around the lesion were noted in the
      cold-induced vasogenic edema.

PMID- 3401408
TI  - [Reliable induction of generalized seizures in hippocampal kindling triggered
      with low-frequency electrical stimulations].
AB  - To assess the appropriateness of hippocampal low-frequency kindling as an
      experimental model of epilepsy, we stimulated, bipolarly, left ventral
      hippocampus of 8 cats with 2 mA biphasic square wave pulses (1 msec duration)
      once a day. The pulse-interval was set at 300 msec. Recording electrodes were
      inserted in right ventral hippocampus, bilateral amygdaloid and bilateral globus
      pallidus. EEG was monitored before, during and after the delivery of stimulation.
      If the triggering of epileptic afterdischarge was observed on EEG monitoring, the
      delivery of stimulation was stopped immediately. Generalized convulsive seizures
      developed in all subjects within a mean of 26.2 days. In all seizures self
      sustained epileptic afterdischarge, defined as epileptiform spikes three times
      the base line amplitude with a frequency greater than the stimulating pulse
      interval (300 msec) in the stimulated hippocampus lead, was triggered abruptly.
      Therefore we could measure the number of stimulating pulses required for the
      triggering of epileptic afterdischarge, defined as pulse-number threshold,
      definitely in all cases. At the completion of kindling the pulse-number threshold
      was measured at 12.3 +/- 0.9 (+/- SE). After five generalized convulsions were
      induced we tested the stability of the pulse-number threshold and the duration of
      triggered epileptic afterdischarge. Both the two measures did not change
      statistically at the interstimulation interval from 24 hrs to 96 hrs. In addition
      we carried out testing with antiepileptic and antipsychotic drugs. Phenobarbital
      (10 mg/kg, i.p.) increased the pulse-number threshold and the after discharge
      duration simultaneously. Haloperidol (3 mg/kg, i.p.), oppositely, decreased the
      pulse number threshold and the after discharge duration.

PMID- 3401409
TI  - [A study of cisterna magna on brain computerized tomography in children].
AB  - Although many publications on cranial computerized tomography have been reported
      in recent years, very little attention has been directed to the cisterna magna
      (CM) and its variations. The size of the cisterna magna is still debatable and
      the criterion of the mega cisterna magna is obscure. We studied age distribution,
      clinical manifestations, and other CT findings in the children with enlarged
      cisterna magna. A consecutive series of 367 computerized tomographic scans were
      reviewed. We classified four classes according to the degree of enlargement of
      the cisterna magna: CM is undetectable; CM (-), CM is detectable at the level of
      sella turcica and the fourth ventricle; CM(+), CM extends upward at the level of
      suprasellar cistern and colliculus inferior; CM (+ +), and CM extends extensively
      at the level of the third ventricle and colliculus superior; CM (+ + +). We
      judged 55 CT scans (15%) to belong to CM (+ + +) class and 100 scans (27%) to CM
      (+ +) class. The greater part of children with CM (+ + +) were younger in
      contrast with CM (+ +), which distributed uniformly in every ages. Also we
      differentiated the patients into three groups from clinical manifestations as
      follows: patients with developmental delayed; group D, patients with organic
      neurological diseases; group N, patients with other diseases; group O. The ratio
      of group D is significantly higher in CM (+ + +) than that of other groups. No
      children had posterior fossa symptoms of mass effect and required
      treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3401410
TI  - [Xenon CT CBF mapping derived from two minutes inhalation].
AB  - Although xenon enhanced CT method for local cerebral blood flow measurement has
      been brought into a clinical practice, the technique has inherent limitations
      including anesthetic effects and expensive cost of xenon by a large consumption.
      To overcome these problems a modified method with a short-duration inhalation was
      developed and its validity was attested. Siemens Somatom SF with a resolution of
      256 X 256 pixels and a scan time of 10 seconds was used. The subjects inhaled 50%
      Xe/O2 gas mixture from an apparatus consisted of Douglas bag and an open circuit.
      Xenon concentration in the expired gas was continuously monitored and estimated
      for arterial blood concentration by using a hematocrit correction. PaCO2 was
      monitored throughout the study. At the starting point and the endpoint of the
      inhalation two scans were performed respectively. Thus obtained four images were
      processed for CT noise cancellation, summation and subtraction to produce an in
      vivo autoradiography image. Local CBF was calculated from equations derived from
      the autoradiographic technique with a fixed partition coefficient of lambda = 1.
      Computer simulation studies were performed to find the optimal scan point to
      obtain an autoradiographic image and to estimate the calculation errors of this
      method. One minute and forty-five seconds was found to be the optimal scan point
      to gain an autoradiographic image in view of a balance between linearity of
      CBF/enhancement curve and total amount of tissue enhancement. The theoretical
      errors due to the assumption for a fixed partition coefficient were calculated to
      be 8% underestimation for gray matter and 5% overestimation for white
      matter.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3401411
TI  - South American pemphigus foliaceus: study of an epidemic in El Bagre and Nechi,
      Colombia 1982 to 1986.
AB  - Between 1982 and 1986 we have had the chance to study 21 patients with pemphigus
      foliaceus of the 'fogo selvagem' type. The patients came from El Bagre and Nechi,
      rural areas of Colombia with some gold mining. This is the first outbreak of
      South American pemphigus foliaceus reported in Colombia. The majority of the
      patients were mestizo men, who worked as farmers or miners or both, with an
      average age of 44. Five patients were relatives. Eleven patients (52%) had mild
      disease, three (14%) moderate disease and seven (33%) severe disease. During
      hospitalization, three patients died due to complications or as a result of
      immunosuppressive treatment. Of the remaining 18 patients, 10 were in remission
      with treatment, one was in remission without treatment, while no information was
      available on the remaining seven.

PMID- 3401412
TI  - Dysplastic naevus in non-familial melanoma. A clinicopathological study of 101
      cases.
AB  - In 101 patients with non-familial cutaneous melanoma (CM), melanocytic naevi were
      counted and classified according to clinical criteria. Only 8% of the patients
      had very atypical naevi. These atypical naevi were few in number and only one
      patient exhibited dysplastic naevus syndrome. An histological study was
      undertaken on the hypothesis that, in a given individual, if the most clinically
      atypical naevus is not histologically dysplastic it is unlikely that any of the
      others are. The most clinically atypical naevus in each patient was biopsied.
      Estimated in this way the prevalence of dysplastic naevi in patients with non
      familial CM was only 18%. Comparison of patients with and without dysplastic
      naevi did not suggest that they constituted two different subsets. An attempt to
      correlate clinical diagnosis and histological features in this group of patients
      showed that the diagnosis of dysplastic naevi on the basis of clinical criteria
      alone is difficult and not reliable.

PMID- 3401413
TI  - The BB-isoenzyme is a major component of creatine kinase in skin blister fluid.
AB  - We measured levels of creatine kinase and its three isoenzymes in serum and
      blister fluid from 16 healthy volunteers. The BB-isoenzyme was found to be the
      predominant form in blister fluid while only the MM isoenzyme was found in serum.
      The levels of BB-isoenzyme in blister fluid decreased as the blisters aged. The
      source of BB-isoenzyme in blister fluid is most probably the damaged epidermis.

PMID- 3401414
TI  - The role of psoralen photochemotherapy (PUVA) in the treatment of severe atopic
      eczema in adolescents.
AB  - Fifteen adolescent children with severe, persistent atopic eczema were treated
      with oral psoralen photochemotherapy (PUVA). This resulted in initial clearance
      of eczema in 14 of the 15 children, nine of whom achieved a remission. Apart from
      its effectiveness, a major benefit of this therapeutic approach was that it was
      associated with resumption of normal growth in children who were previously
      growing poorly, either as a direct result of severe eczema or its treatment.
      Nevertheless, against the considerable advantages of PUVA for this group of
      patients have to be balanced the possible hazards, because relatively high
      exposures are required in some individuals, both initially to induce clearance
      and subsequently to maintain it.

PMID- 3401415
TI  - An epidemiological comparison between hand eczema and non-hand eczema.
AB  - Thirty four per cent of 2110 patients with eczema attending a contact dermatitis
      clinic presented with hand eczema. An epidemiological comparison was made of
      patients with hand eczema and non-hand eczema (defined as eczema on parts of the
      body other than the hands). Occupational eczema was significantly more common in
      the hand eczema than the non-hand eczema group (P = 0.0011). The prevalence of
      atopy was the same in both groups (13%). The prevalence of irritant contact
      dermatitis was higher in the hand eczema group (32%) than the non-hand eczema
      group (13%) (P less than 0.0001). The rate of allergic contact dermatitis was
      lower in the hand eczema group (23%) than the non-hand eczema group (39%) (P less
      than 0.0001). The rate of positive patch test reactions was lower in the hand
      eczema group (41%) than the non-hand eczema group (56%) (P less than 0.0001).
      Nickel sulphate (8%), cobalt chloride (3%), potassium dichromate (3%), and
      fragrance mix (4%) were common allergens encountered in hand eczema group. None
      of these allergens was specifically more prevalent in the hand eczema than the
      non-hand eczema group. However, the prevalence of allergy to nickel, colophony,
      epoxy resin and medicaments was significantly higher in the non-hand eczema
      group.

PMID- 3401417
TI  - Cryosurgery in old world cutaneous leishmaniasis.

PMID- 3401416
TI  - Recurrent pseudo-scarlatina and allergy to pseudoephedrine hydrochloride.
AB  - A case of recurrent pseudo-scarlatina is described. Challenge with
      pseudoephedrine hydrochloride reproduced a typical attack but pseudoephedrine
      ingestion could not be related definitely to all episodes. Allergy to
      pseudoephedrine or codeine should be considered as a cause for recurrent scarlet
      fever-like eruptions.

PMID- 3401419
TI  - Thiabendazole-induced erythema multiforme with lesions around melanocytic naevi.

PMID- 3401418
TI  - A case of mycosis fungoides (cutaneous T cell lymphoma) with cold agglutinins.

PMID- 3401420
TI  - Pseudoepitheliomatous micaceous and keratotic balanitis.

PMID- 3401421
TI  - The psychological adjustment of women experiencing infertility.
AB  - A comparison of 53 infertile women and 24 mothers who now experienced infertility
      revealed that infertile women reported less satisfaction with their lives as a
      whole. In contrast to mothers they rated life as less interesting, less
      rewarding, emptier, more lonely and they were less content.

PMID- 3401422
TI  - Brief Structured Recall: a more efficient method for studying significant therapy
      events.
AB  - Previously, significant therapy events have been studied using a time-consuming
      form of tape-assisted recall. Brief Structured Recall (BSR) was developed to
      overcome difficulties with this earlier method. We carried out two case studies
      of time-limited therapy following the protocol of the Sheffield Psychotherapy
      Project (eight sessions each of Prescriptive and Exploratory therapies). In the
      first case study, we developed a more efficient method of identifying significant
      therapy events. In the second case study we developed structured interview
      schedules for obtaining client and therapist ratings and descriptions of a broad
      range of factors involved in significant events. The events identified in the two
      cases were typically 5-10 min in length, occurred in the second halves of
      sessions, contained 2-4 'peak' (most helpful) speaking turns, and were most often
      attributed to the therapist. The most common predominant impact of these events
      was Problem Clarification, followed by Personal Insight and Problem Solution.
      Treatment differences were more marked in the therapist's ratings of event
      impacts than in the clients' ratings.

PMID- 3401423
TI  - Empathy in psychiatric patients.
AB  - The definition of empathy is controversial. Here one aspect of it, namely
      perception of others' feelings and personality, was investigated. Empathy was
      assessed by comparing self-rating with rating by other persons. Group
      psychotherapy patients were used. Nineteen patients with a history of
      schizophrenic psychosis and 20 neurotics were found to have lower empathy than 20
      patients with borderline personality disorders whose empathy was as high as the
      descriptively used scores of four psychotherapists. Empathy was not found to be
      dependent on similarity of personalities. It correlated negatively with
      obsessional features, such as emotional constriction or rigidity. The borderline
      patients' high empathy appeared of particular interest in view of clinical
      observations that psychotics had high empathy before the development of
      psychosis. The possible relevance of empathy in the development of psychosis is
      discussed.

PMID- 3401424
TI  - Personality dimensions through the schizophrenia borderline.
AB  - While the schizoid dimension of personality has often been thought to be unitary,
      it has recently been suggested that several dimensions may be involved. In this
      study two separately derived normal population personality scales from within the
      psychoticism domain, the Rust Inventory of Schizotypal Cognitions (RISC), a scale
      designed to measure the positive cognitive schizotypal dimension, and the
      Eysencks' P scale from within the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, were
      administered to a group of 608 Venezuelan university students. It was found that
      the RISC and the EPQ had only a small correlation of 0.12. It was concluded that
      at least two dimensions were involved in the schizophrenic/normal spectrum, and
      that the EPQ Psychoticism scale was in fact measuring a dimension of personality
      disorder rather than a general factor of psychoticism.

PMID- 3401426
TI  - Cancer, stress and personality: a correlational investigation of life-events,
      repression-sensitization and locus of control.
AB  - This study investigated the hypothesis that stress-inducing life experiences and
      the personality factors of external locus of control and tendency to repress
      emotion are relevant in the aetiology of cancer. Fifty cancer patients scored
      higher than 50 matched controls on a life-events scale (especially negative
      events), but were found to be lower on repression of emotion. There was no
      difference between groups on locus of control.

PMID- 3401425
TI  - Psychiatric symptoms and conflict among personal plans.
AB  - In everyday life, the existence of personal goals is indicated by the activities
      in which people are engaged, such as leisure interests, occupation and
      relationships. Incompatibility between goals was predicted to be one source of
      conflict associated with poor mental health symptoms. A series of studies using
      different methods (interviews and questionnaires) to measure the degree of
      perceived conflict in the daily activities of young and mature students and non
      student adults is reported. Two forms of conflict are described - explict
      (between two or more activities) and implicit (the importance of the activity to
      the individual). The results show that younger and mature students (particularly
      women) show correlations between their conflict and symptom scores, unlike other
      survey groups. The transitional nature of the student role may create a situation
      where the conflict experienced by many in their everyday activities is
      aggravated, and which is more readily expressed by psychiatric symptoms than in
      other ways.

PMID- 3401427
TI  - Physical and psychosocial functioning in multiple sclerosis: descriptions,
      correlations, and a tentative typology.
AB  - Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease of great variety and ambiguity. It outcome
      is both multidimensional and uncertain. As part of an ongoing effort to describe
      and differentiate the various courses that MS can follow, 81 out-patients
      diagnosed with MS completed the California Psychological Inventory (CPI) and the
      Sickness Impact Profile (SIP) administered as a structured interview. Descriptive
      statistics for the SIP and the CPI are provided and examined as a function of age
      and sex. Correlations between health status and personality scales are reported.
      Increasing physical dysfunction is associated with lowered performance on a broad
      array of psychosocial dimensions but only among women. A cluster analysis of CPI
      factor scores is described and a very tentative typology of persons with MS is
      offered for further investigation.

PMID- 3401429
TI  - The need for collaboration in randomized controlled trials.

PMID- 3401428
TI  - Nailbiting and oral aggression in a Turkish student population.
AB  - The study investigated the relationship between the occurrence and intensity of
      nailbiting in a Turkish student population and the association with questionnaire
      measures of oral aggression, trait anxiety and intropunitive and extrapunitive
      hostility. The results indicated that the most consistent trait associated with
      nailbiting was oral aggression. Taken together with other previous research these
      findings are thought to offer some support to the construct of oral personality.

PMID- 3401430
TI  - Without due care.

PMID- 3401431
TI  - Medical malpractice claims in obstetrics and gynaecology: comparisons between the
      United States and Britain.
AB  - Obstetricians and gynaecologists have been particularly affected by the increase
      in the cost and number of medical malpractice claims in Britain. US obstetricians
      and gynaecologists have experienced a disproportionately higher rate of claim
      than other practitioners in that country. This article reviews the US experience
      of obstetrics and gynaecology malpractice claims and questions the validity of
      showing comparisons between the US and UK. However, even if British malpractice
      claims do not reach the level of American claims, the effects of claims on the
      National Health Service, recruitment to obstetrics and gynaecology, and clinical
      practice are significant.

PMID- 3401432
TI  - The blood flow velocity waveform in the fetal internal carotid and umbilical
      artery; its relation to fetal behavioural states in the growth retarded fetus at
      37-38 weeks gestation.
AB  - In eight women whose fetuses showed evidence of intrauterine growth retardation
      (IUGR), the relation was examined between the blood flow velocity waveform in the
      fetal internal carotid and umbilical artery and fetal behavioural states at 37-38
      weeks gestation. In both vessels there was a virtual overlap of pulsatility index
      values originating from state 1F and 2F, reflecting behavioural state
      independency. In the internal carotid artery this state independency is
      associated with moderately reduced pulsatility index values.

PMID- 3401433
TI  - Umbilical artery flow velocity waveforms in fetuses dying with congenital
      anomalies.
AB  - Absent or reversed diastolic component in umbilical artery (UA) flow velocity
      waveform was observed in eight fetuses with major malformations. Because of the
      uncorrectable fetal conditions or the parents' reluctance to terminate the
      pregnancy, no interventions were undertaken and eventually all eight fetuses died
      in utero. The interval between the abnormal waveform recording and fetal death
      was between 1 and 7 days (mean 3.6 days). In two fetuses with abnormal diastolic
      flow, analysis of umbilical vein blood obtained by ultrasound-guided sampling
      revealed moderately severe acidosis and hypoxia (pH 7.228 and 7.241, PCO2 47.5
      and 46.9 mmHg; PO2 14.6 and 14.7 mmHg, respectively). Our observation suggests
      that once the diastolic component of UA flow velocity waveforms becomes absent or
      reversed, the fetus is in a state of hypoxia and acidosis and fetal death is
      impending. This limited experience may help in formulating clinical management
      when using UA flow velocity waveforms in the monitoring of high-risk fetuses.

PMID- 3401434
TI  - Kielland's forceps or ventouse--a comparison.
AB  - A retrospective study over a 3-year period compared maternal and neonatal
      outcomes after birth by Kielland's forceps with those by ventouse when there was
      deep transverse arrest of head. Of the 259 women, 117 were delivered with
      Kielland's forceps and 142 were delivered with the ventouse. Of the Kielland's
      forceps deliveries, 15% were performed by a specialist, compared with 41% of the
      vacuum extractions. There were no differences in maternal morbidity overall, but
      when groups of operators were compared maternal complications were more frequent
      in the forceps group with the less experienced operators. There was little early
      neonatal morbidity (as judged by Apgar score, intubation, admission to the
      special care baby unit, jaundice and abnormal neurological behaviour) but
      cephalhaematoma occurred significantly more often in babies born by the ventouse
      than by Kielland's forceps. There were no perinatal deaths.

PMID- 3401435
TI  - Degradation of radiolabelled arginine vasopressin (125I-AVP) by the human
      placenta perfused in vitro.
AB  - The capacity of the human placenta to degrade 125I-labelled arginine vasopressin
      (125I-AVP) was studied in vitro using a dual circuit perfused lobule preparation.
      Seven placentas were perfused with the perfusate on the maternal side of the
      lobule containing 125I-AVP at the upper limit of the physiological range. On
      average, over a 30-min period, 48% of the 125I-AVP appeared to have been
      metabolized. With one exception, a patient whose labour was augmented with
      intravenous oxytocin, no 125I-AVP apparently crossed the placental lobule to the
      fetal circulation. These data indicate that the human placenta has a considerable
      capacity to degrade AVP.

PMID- 3401437
TI  - Thyroxine concentration and outcome of hyperemetic pregnancies.
AB  - Plasma total thyroxine (TT4) and free thyroxine (FT4) were measured in 23 women
      with hyperemesis gravidarum at presentation, on average at about 10 weeks, in the
      second trimester, and before delivery. The first TT4 was raised abnormally in
      eight women and the FT4 in nine, but by the second trimester the TT4 was
      abnormally high in only three although in eight the FT4 remained high. By the
      third trimester all measurements, except one slightly raised FT4, were normal.
      Birthweight was not related to the thyroxine levels but there was a weak
      significant negative correlation between FT4 in the second trimester and
      gestational age at delivery.

PMID- 3401436
TI  - Helminth infestations in Asian women attending an antenatal clinic in England.
AB  - Asian women attending an antenatal clinic in England were studied to determine
      the infestation rates with intestinal helminths. An overall rate of 9% was found,
      rising to 18% in those women resident for less than 7 years. Indians had a
      carriage rate of 3%, Pakistanis 7.3% and Bangladeshis 45%. Species detected were
      hookworm, whipworm (Trichuris trichiura), dwarf tapeworm (Hymenolepis nana) and
      roundworm (Ascaris lumbricoides).

PMID- 3401438
TI  - Maternal death from constrictive pericarditis 15 years after radiotherapy. Case
      report.

PMID- 3401439
TI  - Ureteric band obstruction of the small bowel following radical hysterectomy. Case
      report.

PMID- 3401440
TI  - Reproductive performance following conservative microsurgical management of tubal
      pregnancy.

PMID- 3401441
TI  - Transcriptional activation of the lipoprotein lipase and apolipoprotein E genes
      accompanies differentiation in some human macrophage-like cell lines.
AB  - Stimulation of the macrophage-like cell line THP-1 with the phorbol ester phorbol
      12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) resulted in differentiation into cells with many
      features of macrophages. This differentiation was accompanied by transcriptional
      activation of the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and apo E genes and accumulation of
      their protein products in the media. PMA-induced differentiation of the HEL and
      HL-60 cell lines was not accompanied by induction of the gene for LPL, whereas
      the apo E gene was induced slightly in HL-60 cells. By contrast, the gene for
      superoxide dismutase (SOD-1) was either unaffected (THP-1) or down regulated (HL
      60 or HEL cells) by PMA treatment. Induction of LPL mRNA in THP-1 cells was
      dependent upon the concentration of phorbol ester added. A minimal concentration
      of 1.6 x 10(-8) M PMA was necessary for macrophage differentiation, induction of
      LPL mRNA, and synthesis of the enzyme. LPL mRNA accumulates within 3 h after
      stimulation with PMA and attains a maximum concentration after 6 h, thereafter
      slowly decreasing over the next 3 days. In contrast, the steady-state level of
      apo E mRNA in the same THP-1 cultures increased gradually over a period of 48 h
      after induction. These studies thus demonstrate that THP-1 cells are of value as
      a model to study the quantitative and temporal expression of the LPL and apo E
      genes during macrophage differentiation.

PMID- 3401442
TI  - Monopalmitoylphosphatidylcholine incorporation into human erythrocyte ghost
      membranes causes protein and lipid immobilization and cholesterol depletion.
AB  - The effects of lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC) on human erythrocyte (RBC) ghost
      morphology, transmembrane protein and lipid lateral mobilities, and membrane
      lipid composition were studied in order to elucidate mechanisms by which lysoPC
      immobilizes ghost membrane components [Golan, D. E., Brown, C. S., Cianci, C. M.
      L., Furlong, S. T., & Caulfield, J. P. (1986) J. Cell Biol. 103, 819-828]. Under
      standardized conditions 1.0-1.5 micrograms/mL egg lysoPC lysed 50% of RBCs and
      induced, in some ghosts, the formation of large patches of wrinkled membrane.
      Patches exhibited complete immobilization of glycophorin and band 3 and partial
      immobilization of the phospholipid analogue fluorescein phosphatidylethanolamine
      (Fl-PE), whereas adjacent smooth membrane areas manifested only partial
      immobilization of proteins and no immobilization of Fl-PE. Supralytic
      concentrations of lysoPC induced both progressive, homogeneous wrinkling of RBC
      ghost membranes and concentration-dependent decreases in the lateral mobilities
      of glycophorin, band 3, and Fl-PE. Complete immobilization of glycophorin and
      band 3 occurred at 8.4 micrograms/mL lysoPC and of Fl-PE at 16.8 micrograms/mL
      lysoPC. Monopalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (MPPC), the major component of egg
      lysoPC, induced both membrane wrinkling and a concentration-dependent decrease in
      Fl-PE mobility, with complete immobilization at 10 micrograms/mL. Other synthetic
      lysoPCs did not completely immobilize Fl-PE, although some caused membrane
      wrinkling. MPPC was incorporated into ghost membranes with a linear dependence (r
      = 0.97) on MPPC concentration. Relative to total membrane lipid, the lysoPC mole
      fraction increased from 0.2 +/- 0.1% at 0 micrograms/mL MPPC to 25 +/- 2% at 16
      micrograms/mL MPPC.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3401443
TI  - Mechanisms of membrane protein insertion into liposomes during reconstitution
      procedures involving the use of detergents. 2. Incorporation of the light-driven
      proton pump bacteriorhodopsin.
AB  - A method has been developed for identifying the step in a detergent-mediated
      reconstitution procedure at which an integral membrane protein can be associated
      with phospholipids to give functional proteoliposomes. Large liposomes prepared
      by reverse-phase evaporation were treated with various amounts of the detergents
      Triton X-100, octyl glucoside, or sodium cholate as described in the preceding
      paper [Paternostre, M.-T., Roux, M., & Rigaud, J. L. (1988) Biochemistry
      (preceding paper in this issue)]. At each step of the solubilization process, we
      added bacteriorhodopsin, the light-driven proton pump from Halobacterium
      halobium. The protein-phospholipid detergent mixtures were then subjected to SM2
      Bio-Beads treatments to remove the detergent, and the resulting vesicles were
      analyzed with respect to protein insertion and orientation in the membrane by
      freeze-fracture electron microscopy, sucrose density gradients, and proton
      pumping measurements. The nature of the detergent used for reconstitution proved
      to be important for determining the mechanism of protein insertion. With sodium
      cholate, proteoliposomes were formed only from ternary phospholipid-protein
      detergent micelles. With octyl glucoside, besides proteoliposome formation from
      ternary mixed micelles, direct incorporation of bacteriorhodopsin into preformed
      liposomes destabilized by saturating levels of this detergent was observed and
      gave proteoliposomes with optimal proton pumping activity. With Triton X-100,
      protein insertion into destabilized liposomes was also observed but involved a
      transfer of the protein initially present in phospholipid-Triton X-100-protein
      micelles into Triton X-100 saturated liposomes. Our results further demonstrated
      that protein orientation in the resulting proteoliposomes was critically
      dependent upon the mechanism by which the protein was incorporated.

PMID- 3401444
TI  - Interactions of the low molecular weight group of surfactant-associated proteins
      (SP 5-18) with pulmonary surfactant lipids.
AB  - The interaction of the low molecular weight group of surfactant-associated
      proteins, SP 5-18, with the major phospholipids of pulmonary surfactant was
      studied by fluorescence measurements of liposomal permeability and fusion,
      morphological studies, and surface activity measurements. The ability of SP 5-18
      to increase the permeability of large unilamellar lipid vesicles was enhanced by
      the presence of negatively charged phospholipid. The permeability of these
      vesicles increased as the protein concentration was raised and the pH was
      lowered. SP 5-18 also induced leakage from liposomes made both from a synthetic
      surfactant lipid mixture and from lipids separated from SP 5-18 during its
      purification from canine sources. When SP 5-18 was added to egg
      phosphatidylglycerol liposomes, the population of liposomes which became
      permeable leaked all encapsulated contents, while the remaining liposomes did not
      leak at all. The extent of leakage was higher in the presence of 3 mM calcium. SP
      5-18 also induced lipid mixing between two populations of egg
      phosphatidylglycerol liposomes in the presence of 3 mM calcium, as monitored by
      resonance energy transfer between two different fluorescent lipid probes, N-(7
      nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl)phosphatidylethanolamine and N-(lissamine
      rhodamine B sulfonyl)phosphatidylethanolamine. Negative-staining electron
      microscopy showed that the addition of SP 5-18 and 3 mM calcium produced vesicles
      twice the size of control egg phosphatidylglycerol liposomes. In addition,
      surface balance measurements revealed that the adsorption of liposomal lipids to
      an air/water interface was enhanced by the presence of SP 5-18, negatively
      charged phospholipids, and 3 mM calcium. These observations suggest a similar
      lipid dependence for the interactions observed in the fluorescence and adsorption
      experiments.

PMID- 3401445
TI  - Structure of phosphate-free ribonuclease A refined at 1.26 A.
AB  - The structure of phosphate-free bovine ribonuclease A has been refined at 1.26-A
      resolution by a restrained least-squares procedure to a final R factor of 0.15. X
      ray diffraction data were collected with an electronic position-sensitive
      detector. The final model consists of all atoms in the polypeptide chain
      including hydrogens, 188 water sites with full or partial occupancy, and a single
      molecule of 2-methyl-2-propanol. Thirteen side chains were modeled with two
      alternate conformations. Major changes to the active site include the addition of
      two waters in the phosphate-binding pocket, disordering of Gln-11, and tilting of
      the imidazole ring of His-119. The structure of the protein and of the associated
      solvent was extensively compared with three other high-resolution, refined
      structures of this enzyme.

PMID- 3401446
TI  - Reinvestigation of the sulfhydryl reactivity in bovine brain S100b (beta beta)
      protein and the microtubule-associated tau proteins. Ca2+ stimulates disulfide
      cross-linking between the S100b beta-subunit and the microtubule-associated
      tau(2) protein.
AB  - Zn2+ and Ca2+ affect the conformation of bovine brain S100b (beta beta) protein
      and the exposure of its Cys-84 beta. Zn2+ binding to high-affinity sites of
      native S100b protected the sulfhydryl groups against the thiol-specific reagent
      5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoate) and antagonized the Ca2+-stimulated reactivity of
      Cys-84 beta toward the reagent. Spectroscopic studies on the fluorescence
      properties of labeled S100b with the fluorescent probes bimane and acrylodan at
      Cys-84 beta confirmed the antagonistic effect of Ca2+ and Zn2+ with respect to
      the conformational properties of the protein. Measurements of fluorescence
      dynamics on bimane-labeled S100b indicated that the slow monomer-dimer
      equilibrium that characterizes the apoprotein at micromolar concentrations was
      shifted to the monomer form in the presence of Zn2+, a fact that could explain
      the previously reported Zn2+-dependent increase of S100b protein affinity for
      calcium. The difference in the effects of Ca2+ and Zn2+ on the reactivity of Cys
      84 beta in S100b was confirmed when we observed that Ca2+ and Zn2+ have opposite
      actions on the formation of disulfide bridges between Cys-84 beta of the S100b
      beta-subunit and sulfhydryl groups on the microtubule-associated tau(2) protein.
      Ca2+ stimulated the covalent complex formation whereas Zn2+ inhibited it. We
      suggest that Zn2+ may have a modulatory function on Cys-84 beta reactivity in the
      S100b beta-subunit in vivo. Two types of divalent complexes between tau(2) and
      beta-subunit were formed in the presence of Ca2+, an equimolar complex tau(2)
      beta 1 and a complex of one molecule of tau(2) with two beta-subunits, tau(2)
      beta 2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3401447
TI  - Structural studies of alpha-bungarotoxin. 1. Sequence-specific 1H NMR resonance
      assignments.
AB  - We report the complete sequence-specific assignment of the backbone resonances
      and most of the side-chain resonances in the 1H NMR spectrum of alpha
      bungarotoxin by two-dimensional NMR. Problems with resonance overlap were
      resolved with the assistance of the HRNOESY experiment described in an
      accompanying paper [Basus, V.J., & Scheek, R.M. (1988) Biochemistry (second paper
      of three in this issue)]. Significant differences exist between the solution
      structure described here and the crystal structure of alpha-bungarotoxin, on the
      basis of the proton to proton distances obtained by nuclear Overhauser
      enhancement spectroscopy (NOESY) and the corresponding distances from the X-ray
      crystal structure [Love, R.A., & Stroud, R.M. (1986) Protein Eng. 1, 37]. These
      differences include a larger beta-sheet in solution and a different orientation
      of the invariant tryptophan, Trp-28, making the solution structure more
      consistent with the crystal structure of the homologous neurotoxin alpha
      cobratoxin. Four errors in the order of the amino acids in the primary sequence
      were indicated by the NMR data. These errors were confirmed by chemical means, as
      described in an accompanying paper [Kosen, P.A., Finer-Moore, J., McCarthy, M.P.,
      & Basus, V.J. (1988) Biochemistry (third paper of three in this issue)].

PMID- 3401448
TI  - Structural studies of alpha-bungarotoxin. 2. 1H NMR assignments via an improved
      relayed coherence transfer nuclear overhauser enhancement experiment.
AB  - Complete sequence-specific assignments of the 1H NMR spectrum of bungarotoxin
      were reported in the previous paper [Basus, V.J., Billeter, M., Love, R.A.,
      Stroud, R.M., & Kuntz, I.D. (1988) Biochemistry (first paper of three in this
      issue)]. The assignment was significantly aided by the use of the homonuclear
      Hartman-Hahn relayed coherence transfer nuclear Overhauser enhancement
      spectroscopy experiment (HRNOESY) which we present here, as a modification of
      relayed coherence transfer nuclear Overhauser enhancement spectroscopy (relayed
      NOESY) [Wagner, G. (1984) J. Magn. Reson. 57, 497]. As shown here, HRNOESY
      resolves problems of proton resonance overlap especially in extended chain
      conformations as found in beta-sheets.

PMID- 3401449
TI  - Structural studies of alpha-bungarotoxin. 3. Corrections in the primary sequence
      and X-ray structure and characterization of an isotoxic alpha-bungarotoxin.
AB  - The most plausible set of chemical shift assignments for alpha-bungarotoxin as
      deduced from the combined use of two-dimensional J-correlated and two-dimensional
      nuclear Overhauser effect 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was in
      conflict with the accepted amino acid sequence between residues 8 and 12 and
      residues 66 and 70 [Basus, V. J., Billeter, M., Love, R. A., Stroud, R. M., &
      Kuntz, I. D. (1988) Biochemistry (first paper of three in this issue]).
      Furthermore, NMR spectra of alpha-bungarotoxin, purified by conventional methods,
      evidenced a second species at the level of approximately 10% total protein. The
      minor component was separated from alpha-bungarotoxin by Mono-S (cationic)
      chromatography. Sequencing of Mono-S-purified alpha-bungarotoxin and one of its
      tryptic peptides showed that the correct sequence for alpha-bungarotoxin is Ser
      Pro-Ile at positions 9-11 and Pro-His-Pro at positions 67-69. The electron
      density map of alpha-bungarotoxin [Love, R. A., & Stroud, R. M. (1986) Protein
      Eng. 1, 37] was refined with the new sequence data. Improvements in the structure
      were found primarily for residues 9-11. Sequence analysis of two overlapping
      tryptic peptides proved that the minor species differed from alpha-bungarotoxin
      by replacement of a valine for an alanine at position 31. This new toxin, alpha
      bungarotoxin(Val-31), binds to the acetylcholine receptor with an affinity that
      is comparable to that of alpha-bungarotoxin.

PMID- 3401450
TI  - 2D NMR studies of aminoglycoside antibiotics. Use of relayed coherence transfer
      for 1H resonance assignment and in situ structure elucidation of amikacin
      derivatives in reaction mixtures.
AB  - Phase-sensitive 2D 1H/1H COSY spectra can be used to identify the structures of
      individual pure specimens of the aminoglycoside antibiotic amikacin and its N
      hemisuccinyl derivatives. However, even at 500 MHz the 2D chemical shift
      dispersion does not allow for unambiguous assignment of all cross-peaks. By use
      of 2D relayed coherence transfer experiments (RELAY) optimized to detect two-step
      1H/1H scalar interactions in which one of the J-values is small, sufficient
      additional correlations can be obtained from the frequency-isolated resonances to
      allow facile tracing of all scalar connectivities. Complete assignments of the 1H
      NMR spectra of amikacin, its 6'-N-hemisuccinamide, and a novel bis(acylate)
      [gamma-N-(p-vinylbenzoyl)amikacin 6'-N-hemisuccinamide] were obtained for aqueous
      media. The NMR spectrum of amikacin free base was also assigned in dimethyl
      sulfoxide solution. The RELAY experiment can be extended to the analysis of
      reaction mixtures, which allows for the identification and resonance assignment
      of regioisomeric amikacin haptens in the mixture state. All of the N
      monohemisuccinyl isomers of amikacin have been identified in reaction mixtures
      through the RELAY experiment. The relative reactivities of the amino functions of
      amikacin toward acylating agents were found to be 6'-N greater than 3-N equal to
      or greater than 3"-N equal to or greater than gamma-N. However, this reactivity
      order is altered after the initial acylation event.

PMID- 3401451
TI  - Composition of octyl glucoside-phosphatidylcholine mixed micelles.
AB  - The composition of mixed micelles of egg phosphatidylcholine (PC) and octyl
      glucoside was studied by a novel technique based on measuring resonance energy
      transfer efficiency between two fluorescent lipid probes present in trace
      amounts. Equations were derived for calculating the stoichiometry of the
      composition of mixed micelles from the energy-transfer measurements. These were
      applied to determining the average number of lipid molecules in the octyl
      glucoside-egg PC mixed micelle as a function of detergent concentration. The
      average number of detergent molecules in these mixed micelles was independent of
      lipid concentration in the range studied (0-500 microM). The dependence of mixed
      micelle stoichiometry on the concentration of aqueous (monomeric) octyl glucoside
      is consistent with the assumptions of ideal mixing of the two amphiphiles in the
      mixed micelles and that mixed micelles can be treated as a distinct phase.

PMID- 3401452
TI  - X-ray diffraction study of the polymorphic behavior of N-methylated
      dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine.
AB  - The polymorphic phase behavior of aqueous dispersions of
      dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE) and its N-methylated analogues, DOPE-Me,
      DOPE-Me2, and DOPC, has been investigated by X-ray diffraction. In the fully
      hydrated lamellar (L alpha) phase at 2 degrees C, the major structural difference
      is a large increase in the interlamellar water width from DOPE to DOPE-Me, with
      minor increases with successive methylation. Consistent with earlier reports,
      inverted hexagonal (HII) phases are observed upon heating at 5-10 degrees C in
      DOPE and at 65-75 degrees C in DOPE-Me and are not observed to at least 85
      degrees C in DOPE-Me2 or DOPC. In DOPE, the L alpha-HII transition is facile and
      is characterized by a relatively narrow temperature range of coexistence of L
      alpha and HII domains, each with long-range order. DOPE-Me exhibits complex
      nonequilibrium behavior below the occurrence of the HII phase: Upon heating, the
      L alpha lattice spontaneously disorders on a time scale of days; on cooling from
      the HII phase, the disorder rises on a time scale of minutes. It is shown that,
      in copious water, the disordered state transforms very slowly into phases with
      cubic symmetry. This process is assisted by the generation of small amounts of
      lipid degradation products. The relative magnitudes of the monolayer spontaneous
      radius of curvature, R0 [Kirk, G. L., Gruner, S. M., & Stein, D. L. (1984)
      Biochemistry 23, 1093; Gruner, S. M. (1985) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 82,
      3665], are inferred from the HII lattice spacings vs temperature and are shown to
      increase with increasing methylation. The relative magnitudes of R0 are
      categorized as small for DOPE, intermediate for DOPE-Me, and large for DOPC. It
      is suggested, and examples are used to illustrate, that small R0 lipid systems
      exhibit facile, low-temperature L alpha-HII transitions, intermediate R0 systems
      exhibit complex nonequilibrium transition behavior and are likely to form cubic
      phases, and large R0 systems are stable as L alpha phases. The relationship
      between the cubic phases and minimal periodic surfaces is discussed. It is
      suggested that minimal periodic surfaces represent geometries in which near
      constant, intermediate R0 values can be obtained concomitantly with monolayers of
      near constant thickness, thereby leading to equilibrium cubic phases. Thus, the
      relative magnitude of the spontaneous radius of curvature may be used to predict
      mesomorphic behavior.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3401453
TI  - Hydrogen peroxide stabilizes the steroid-binding state of rat liver
      glucocorticoid receptors by promoting disulfide bond formation.
AB  - Hydrogen peroxide and diamide inactivate the steroid-binding capacity of
      unoccupied glucocorticoid receptors in rat liver cytosol at 0 degrees C, and
      steroid-binding capacity is reactivated with dithiothreitol. Treatment of cytosol
      with peroxide or sodium molybdate, but not diamide, inhibits the irreversible
      inactivation (i.e., inactivation not reversed by dithiothreitol) of steroid
      binding capacity that occurs when cytosol is incubated at 25 degrees C.
      Pretreatment of cytosol with the thiol derivatizing agent methyl
      methanethiosulfonate at 0 degrees C prevents the ability of peroxide, but not
      molybdate, to stabilize binding capacity at 25 degrees C. As derivatization of
      thiol groups prevents peroxide stabilization of steroid-binding capacity and as
      treatment with dithiothreitol reverses the effect, we propose that peroxide acts
      by promoting the formation of new disulfide linkages. The receptor in our rat
      liver cytosol preparations is present as three major degradation products of Mr
      40,000, 52,000, and 72,000 in addition to the Mr 94,000 intact receptor. Like the
      intact receptor, these three forms exist in the presence of molybdate as an 8-9S
      complex, they bind glucocorticoid in a specific manner, and they copurify with
      the intact Mr 94,000 receptor on sequential phosphocellulose and DNA-cellulose
      chromatography. Despite the existence of receptor cleavage products, it is clear
      that peroxide does not stabilize steroid-binding capacity by inhibiting receptor
      cleavage.

PMID- 3401454
TI  - Purification and characterization of mouse protamines P1 and P2. Amino acid
      sequence of P2.
AB  - Two mouse protamines, denoted as P1 and P2, have been purified directly from
      mature sperm nuclei and characterized as distinct polypeptide species. The
      complete primary structure of P2 was determined by peptide sequencing analyses.
      P1 and P2 were purified by a sequence of cation-exchange chromatography on Bio
      Rex 70 and permeation chromatography on Bio-Gel P10, both in the presence of
      guanidine hydrochloride. Biochemical analyses demonstrate P1 has a molecular
      weight of 7400 and is characterized by the presence of arginine, cysteine,
      lysine, and tyrosine. By contrast, P2 is unusual in containing an abundance of
      arginine, histidine, lysine, and cysteine, but no tyrosine. The primary structure
      of P2 was determined from the sequencing of overlapping, high-pressure liquid
      chromatography purified peptides generated by thermolysin and endoproteinase Lys
      C digestions and by chemical cleavage at each of four serine residues. Sequence
      analyses have demonstrated that P2, with a molecular weight of 8841, contains 62
      amino acids, in the sequence NH2-Arg-Gly-His-His-His-His-Arg-His-Arg-Arg-Cys- Ser
      Arg-Lys-Arg- Leu-His-Arg-Ile-His-Lys-Arg-Arg-Arg-Ser-Cys-Arg-Arg-Arg-Arg-Arg-His
      Ser- Cys-Arg - His-Arg-Arg- Arg-His-Arg-Arg-Gly-Cys-Arg-Arg-Ser-Arg-Arg-Arg-Arg
      Arg-Cys-Arg-Cys-Arg- Lys-Cys - Arg-Arg- His-His-COOH. Thus, the primary structure
      includes six clusters of arginine and histidine, distributed throughout the
      polypeptide, each ranging from five to eight amino acids in length. Sequence
      comparisons of mouse and human protamines by the Dayhoff program have revealed
      greater homology exists between human P2 and mouse P2 than within the P1 family
      from the two mammalian species.

PMID- 3401455
TI  - Chicken liver sulfite oxidase. Kinetics of reduction by laser-photoreduced
      flavins and intramolecular electron transfer.
AB  - Laser flash photolysis was used to study the reaction of photoproduced 5
      deazariboflavin (dRFH.), lumiflavin (LFH.), and riboflavin (RFH.) semiquinone
      radicals with the redox centers of purified chicken liver sulfite oxidase.
      Kinetic studies of the native enzyme with dRFH. yielded a second-order rate
      constant of 4.0 X 10(8) M-1 s-1 for direct reduction of the heme and a first
      order rate constant of 310 s-1 for intramolecular electron transfer from the Mo
      center to the heme. The reaction with LFH. gave a second-order rate constant of
      2.9 X 10(7) M-1 s-1 for heme reduction. Reoxidation of the reduced heme due to
      intramolecular electron transfer to the Mo center gave a first-order rate
      constant of 155 s-1. The direction of intramolecular electron transfer using
      dRFH. and LFH. was independent of the buffer used for the experiment. The
      different first-order rate constants observed for intramolecular electron
      transfer using dRFH. and LFH. are proposed to result from chemical differences at
      the Mo site. Flash photolysis studies with cyanide-inactivated sulfite oxidase
      using dRFH. and LFH. resulted in second-order reduction of the heme center with
      rate constants identical with those obtained with the native enzyme, whereas the
      first-order intramolecular electron-transfer processes seen with the native
      enzyme were absent. The isolated heme peptide of sulfite oxidase gave only second
      order kinetics upon laser photolysis and confirmed that the first-order processes
      observed with the native enzyme involve the Mo site.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3401456
TI  - Isotope effect studies of chicken liver NADP malic enzyme: role of the metal ion
      and viscosity dependence.
AB  - The role of the metal ion in the oxidative decarboxylation of malate by chicken
      liver NADP malic enzyme and details of the reaction mechanism have been
      investigated by 13C isotope effects. With saturating NADP and the indicated metal
      ion at a total concentration 10-fold higher than its Km, the following primary
      13C kinetic isotope effects at C4 of malate [13(V/Kmal)] were observed at pH 8.0:
      Mg2+, 1.0336; Mn2+, 1.0365; Cd2+, 1.0366; Zn2+, 1.0337; Co2+, 1.0283; Ni2+,
      1.025. Knowing the partitioning of the intermediate oxalacetate between
      decarboxylation to pyuvate and reduction to malate allows calculation of the
      intrinsic carbon isotope effect for decarboxylation. For Mg2+ as activator, this
      was 1.049 with NADP and 1.046 with 3-acetylpyridine adenine dinucleotide
      phosphate, although the intrinsic primary deuterium isotope effects on
      dehydrogenation were 5.6 and 4.2, and the partition ratios of the oxalacetate
      intermediate for decarboxylation as opposed to hydride transfer were 0.11 and
      3.96 (the result of the different redox potentials of NADP and the acetylpyridine
      analogue). The close agreement of the intrinsic 13C isotope effects with each
      other and with the 13C isotope effect for the Mg2+-catalyzed nonenzymatic
      decarboxylation of oxalacetate of 1.0489 [Grissom, C. B., & Cleland, W. W. (1986)
      J. Am. Chem. Soc. 108, 5582] indicates a similarity of transition states for
      these reactions. It was not possible to calculate reasonable intrinsic carbon
      isotope effects with the other metal ions by use of the partitioning ratio of
      oxalacetate because of decarboxylation by another mechanism.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3401457
TI  - Isotope effect studies of the chemical mechanism of pig heart NADP isocitrate
      dehydrogenase.
AB  - The catalytic mechanism of porcine heart NADP isocitrate dehydrogenase has been
      investigated by use of the variation of deuterium and 13C kinetic isotope effects
      with pH. The observed 13C isotope effect on V/K for isocitrate increases from
      1.0028 at neutral pH to a limiting value of 1.040 at low pH. The limiting 13C
      isotope effect with deuteriated isocitrate at low pH is 1.016. This decrease in
      13(V/KIc) upon deuteriation indicates a stepwise mechanism for the oxidation and
      decarboxylation of isocitrate. This predicts a deuterium isotope effect on V/K of
      2.9, but D(V/K) at low pH only increases to a maximum of 1.08. It is not known
      why 13(V/KIc) with deuteriated isocitrate decreases more than predicted. The pK
      seen in the 13(V/KIc) pH profile for isocitrate is 4.5. This pK is displaced 1.2
      pH units from the true pK of the acid/base functionality of 5.7 seen in the pKi
      profile for oxalylglycine, a competitive inhibitor for isocitrate. From this
      displacement, catalysis is estimated to be 16 times faster than substrate
      dissociation. By use of the pH-dependent partitioning ratio of the reaction
      intermediate oxalosuccinate between decarboxylation to 2-ketoglutarate and
      reduction to isocitrate, the forward commitment to catalysis for decarboxylation
      was determined to be 7.3 at pH 5.4 and 3.2 at pH 5.0. This gives an intrinsic 13C
      isotope effect for decarboxylation of 1.050. 3-Fluoroisocitrate is a new
      substrate oxidatively decarboxylated by NADP isocitrate dehydrogenase. At neutral
      pH, D(V/K3-F-Ic) = 1.45 and 13(V/K3-F-Ic) = 1.0129. At pH 5.2, 13(V/K3-F-Ic)
      increases to 1.0186, indicating that a finite, but diminished, external
      commitment remains at neutral pH. The product of oxidative decarboxylation of 3
      hydroxyisocitrate by NADP isocitrate dehydrogenase is 2-hydroxy-3-ketoglutarate.
      This results from enzymatic protonation of the cis-enediol intermediate at C2
      rather than C3 (as seen with isocitrate and 3-fluoroisocitrate). 2-Hydroxy-3
      ketoglutarate further decarboxylates in solution to 2-hydroxy-3-ketobutyrate,
      which further decarboxylates to acetol. This makes 3-hydroxyisocitrate unsuitable
      for 13C isotope effect studies.

PMID- 3401458
TI  - Substrate specificity of the 3-methylaspartate ammonia-lyase reaction:
      observation of differential relative reaction rates for substrate-product pairs.
AB  - A range of substituted fumaric and aspartic acid substrates for the enzyme 3
      methylaspartate ammonia-lyase (EC 4.3.1.2) have been synthesized and used to
      study the kinetics of the catalyzed reaction in both the forward (deamination)
      and reverse (conjugative amination) reaction directions. The rates of amination
      for all of the alpha, beta-unsaturated substrates studied (bearing substituents
      the size of an ethyl group or smaller) were similar under [s] much greater than
      KM conditions although KM values for the substrates varied by a factor of 25. The
      rates of deamination for the corresponding 3-substituted amino acid substrates
      varied widely with structure under [s] much greater than KM conditions, and thus
      for substrate-product pairs the ratio for V(forward)/V(reverse) also varied.
      These differential reaction rates indicate that there is a step in the
      deamination direction that is especially sensitive to the size of the 3
      substituent of the substrate and that a relatively large group (methyl to ethyl
      in size) is required for binding in order to reduce the activation energy for
      this step. Given that it is proposed that the enzyme operates via an E1cb-type
      mechanism where C-N bond cleavage is rate limiting, it is likely that binding of
      the C-3 substituent of aspartic acid substrates affects the alignment of the
      nascent carbanion with the C-N bond for elimination.

PMID- 3401459
TI  - Primary deuterium isotope effects for the 3-methylaspartase-catalyzed deamination
      of (2S)-aspartic acid, (2S,3S)-3-methylaspartic acid, and (2S,3S)-3-ethylaspartic
      acid.
AB  - 3-Methylaspartate ammonia-lyase catalyzes the deamination of (2S)-aspartic acid
      137 times more slowly than the deamination of (2S,3S)-3-methylaspartic acid but
      catalyzes the amination of fumaric acid 1.8 times faster than the amination of
      mesaconic acid [Botting, N.P., Akhtar, M., Cohen, M. A., & Gani, D. (1988)
      Biochemistry (preceding paper in this issue)]. In order to understand the
      mechanistic basis for these observations, the deamination reaction was examined
      kinetically with (2S)-aspartic acid, (2S,3S)-3-methylaspartic acid, (2S,3S)-3
      ethylaspartic acid, and the corresponding C-3-deuteriated isotopomers. Comparison
      of the double-reciprocal plots of the initial reaction velocities for each of the
      three pairs of substrates revealed that the magnitude of the primary isotope
      effect on both Vmax and V/K varied with the substituent at C-3 of the substrate.
      3-Methylaspartic acid showed the largest isotope effect (1.7 on Vmax and V/K), 3
      ethylaspartic acid showed a smaller isotope effect (1.2 on Vmax and V/K), and
      aspartic acid showed no primary isotope effect at all. These results, which are
      inconsistent with earlier reports that there is no primary isotope effect for 3
      methylaspartic acid [Bright, H. J. (1964) J. Biol. Chem. 239, 2307], suggest that
      for both 3-methylaspartic acid and 3-ethylaspartic acid elimination occurs via a
      predominantly concerted mechanism whereas for aspartic acid an E1cb mechanism
      prevails.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3401460
TI  - Spatial proximity of the glycine-rich loop and the SH2 thiol in myosin
      subfragment 1.
AB  - Subfragment 1 (S1) prepared from rabbit skeletal muscle myosin was digested with
      trypsin to cleave the 95K heavy chain into three pieces, i.e., the 23K, 50K, and
      20K fragments. The trypsin-treated S1 was then cross-linked with p-nitrophenyl
      iodoacetate. The cross-linker bridged one of the reactive thiols (SH2) in the 20K
      fragment and a lysine residue in the 23K fragment [Hiratsuka, T. (1987)
      Biochemistry 26, 3168-3173]. Location of the lysine residue was mapped along the
      23K fragment by "end-label fingerprinting", which employed site-directed
      antibodies against the N-terminus of the 23K fragment and against the C-terminus
      of the 24K fragment (the 23K fragment plus nine extra residues at its C
      terminus). The mapping revealed that Lys-184 or Lys-189 was the residue cross
      linked with SH2. Since the cross-linker used here spans only several angstroms,
      the result indicates that Lys-184 or Lys-189 is very close to SH2 in the three
      dimensional structure of myosin head. Examination of the primary structure of the
      23K fragment has revealed that these lysine residues are in and very close to the
      so-called "glycine-rich loop", whose sequence is highly homologous to those of
      nucleotide-binding sites of various nucleotide-binding proteins.

PMID- 3401461
TI  - Rabbit liver factor D, a poly(thymidine) template stimulatory protein of DNA
      polymerases: purification and characterization.
AB  - Factor D, a DNA binding protein that enhances the activities of diverse DNA
      polymerases with a common restricted set of templates, was initially
      characterized in mouse liver but has resisted extensive purification. In this
      paper, we report that a similar stimulatory activity can be obtained in highly
      purified form from nuclei of rabbit hepatocytes. The rabbit liver protein
      increases the rates at which several DNA polymerases copy sparsely primed natural
      DNA templates and primed synthetic poly(dT), but it has no effect on the rates of
      copying of activated DNA or of poly(dG), poly(dA), and poly(dC). Direct binding
      of the purified stimulatory protein to an oligomer that contains a (dT)16 base
      stretch is visualized by retardation of the nucleoprotein complex on
      nondenaturing electrophoretograms. In the presence of the enhancing factor,
      Michaelis constants, Km, of responsive polymerase for singly primed bacteriophage
      M13 DNA and for poly(dT), but not for poly(dA), are decreased. Product analysis
      of M13 DNA primer extension indicates that the rabbit factor augments the
      apparent processivity of DNA polymerase by decreasing the extent of enzyme
      pausing at a tract of four consecutive thymidine residues in the template. Gel
      filtration of the native stimulatory protein yields an apparent relative
      molecular size of 58 +/- 2 kilodaltons. Stimulatory activity is readily
      inactivated by heat or by trypsin digestion, but it is resistant to micrococcal
      nuclease, N-ethyl-maleimide, or calcium ions.

PMID- 3401463
TI  - Sequence specificity in photoreaction of various psoralen derivatives with DNA:
      role in biological activity.
AB  - The sequence specificity in the photoreaction of various psoralen derivatives
      with DNA is investigated by using DNA sequencing methodology. The 3'-5'
      exonuclease activity associated with T4 DNA polymerase serves as a probe to map
      the psoralens' photoaddition (monoadducts plus biadducts) on DNA fragments of
      defined sequence. This approach has already allowed us to demonstrate a strong
      sequence context effect on the 8-methoxypsoralen photobinding to DNA [Sage, E., &
      Moustacchi, E. (1987) Biochemistry 26, 3307-3314]. The psoralens studied include
      bifunctional derivatives [8-methoxypsoralen, 5-methoxypsoralen, and 4'
      (hydroxymethyl)-4,5',8-trimethylpsoralen] and monofunctional derivatives
      (angelicin, 3-carbethoxypsoralen, and three pyridopsoralens). Maps of
      photochemical binding on two DNA fragments of the lacI gene of Escherichia coli
      are established for all the derivatives. These maps demonstrate the following
      general qualitative rules in the photoreaction of the furocoumarins with DNA:
      thymine residues in a GC environment are cold, adjacent thymines are better
      targets, 5'-TpA sites are strongly preferred versus 5'-ApT, and alternating (AT)n
      sequences are hot spots for photoaddition. Depending on the chemical structure of
      the derivatives and on their affinity for DNA, some minor differences in the
      binding spectrum are detected. A most interesting example is 3
      carbethoxypsoralen, which specifically reacts with (AT)n sites. Our observations
      lead us to define two types of target sites: the "strong sites", which are
      preferential targets for all psoralen derivatives, and the "weak sites", which
      are targets only for derivatives having a high affinity for DNA. The frequency of
      DNA lesions is much higher in the former sites.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3401462
TI  - Calf thymus DNA polymerases alpha and delta are capable of highly processive DNA
      synthesis.
AB  - We have demonstrated that calf thymus DNA polymerases alpha and delta are capable
      of highly processive DNA synthesis. Processivity values between 300 and 2000
      nucleotides were observed when poly(dA)-oligo(dT) or singly primed single
      stranded circular bacteriophage M13 DNA at pH 6.0 and 1 mM magnesium chloride was
      used. These conditions do not correlate with conditions, pH 7.0 and 5 mM
      magnesium chloride, that support the maximum synthetic rate. Lowering the pH and
      magnesium concentration lowers the Km value of the reaction with respect to
      primer terminus concentration. Furthermore, under these same conditions, both
      polymerases become insensitive to dissociation from the template as a result of
      encountering the 5' ends of primers. Overall, these results suggest that the
      affinity of the polymerases for the primer termini is higher throughout the
      polymerization reaction of pH and magnesium concentrations are lowered from those
      favoring maximum synthetic rate. Experiments with short primer templates,
      however, indicate that this higher affinity does not cause the DNA polymerase to
      remain stably bound after synthesizing up to the end of the template.

PMID- 3401464
TI  - Hairpin and duplex formation in DNA fragments CCAATTTTGG, CCAATTTTTTGG, and
      CCATTTTTGG: a proton NMR study.
AB  - Three DNA fragments, CCAATTTTGG (1), CCAATTTTTTGG (2), and CCATTTTTGG (3), were
      studied by proton NMR spectroscopy in aqueous solution. All these
      oligodeoxyribonucleotides contain common sequences at the 5' and 3' ends (5'-CCA
      and TGG-3'). 2 as well as 3 forms only hairpin structures with four unpaired
      thymidylyl units, four and three base pair stems, respectively, in neutral
      solution under low and high NaCl concentrations. At high salt concentration the
      oligomer 1 forms a duplex structure with -TT- internal loop. On the other hand,
      the same oligomer forms a stable hairpin structure at low salt and low strand
      concentrations at pH 7. The hairpin structure of 1 has a stem containing only
      three base pairs (CCA.TGG) and a loop containing four nucleotides (-ATTT-) that
      includes a dissociated A.T base pair. The two secondary structures of 1 coexist
      in an aqueous solution containing 0.1 M NaCl, at pH 7. The equilibrium shifts to
      the hairpin side when the temperature is raised. The stabilities and base
      stacking modes of all three oligonucleotides in two different structures are
      reported.

PMID- 3401465
TI  - Sequence-targeted photosensitized reactions in nucleic acids by oligo-alpha
      deoxynucleotides and oligo-beta-deoxynucleotides covalently linked to proflavin.
AB  - Proflavin was covalently linked to the 3'-end or to the 5'-end of an
      octadeoxythymidylate. This oligonucleotide was synthesized with either the
      natural beta-anomer of thymidine or its synthetic alpha-anomer. A polymethylene
      chain was used to link one of the amino groups of proflavin to a terminal
      thiophosphate group of the oligonucleotide. A 27-mer oligodeoxynucleotide
      containing an octadeoxyadenylate sequence was used as a target for the proflavin
      substituted octadeoxythymidylates. Upon irradiation with visible light, photo
      cross-linking reactions induced the formation of branched species that migrated
      more slowly than the 27-mer on denaturing polyacrylamide gels. Piperidine
      treatment of the photo-cross-linked species induced strand breaks in the 27-mer.
      In addition, proflavin induced photosensitized reactions at guanine residues in
      the 27-mer sequence which were converted to strand breaks following piperidine
      treatment. Triple-helix formation by the oligothymidylates with their
      complementary oligodeoxyadenylate sequence at high salt concentration led to
      photo-cross-linking and cleavage reactions on both sides of the target sequence.
      These results show that it is possible to target photosensitized reactions to
      specific sequences on nucleic acids. This opens new possibilities for site
      directed mutagenesis and the development of photoactive anti-messenger
      oligodeoxynucleotides.

PMID- 3401466
TI  - NMR study of stacking interactions and conformational adjustments in the
      dinucleotide-carcinogen adduct 2'-deoxycytidylyl-(3----5)-2'-deoxy-8-(N-fluoren-2
      ylac etamido)guanosi ne.
AB  - The conformation and dynamics of the dinucleotide d-CpG modified at the C(8)
      position of the guanine ring by the carcinogen 2-(acetylamino)fluorene has been
      investigated by high-field 1H NMR spectroscopy. A two-state analysis of chemical
      shift data has enabled estimation of the extent of intramolecular stacking in
      aqueous solution as a function of temperature. The stacking, which is mostly
      fluorene-cytosine, is virtually complete in the low-temperature range. The 500
      MHz 1H NMR spectrum consists of two subspectra near ambient temperatures due to a
      14.3 +/- 0.3 kcal/mol barrier to internal rotation about the amide bond in the
      stacked form. A large barrier to internal rotation about the guanyl-nitrogen bond
      at C(8) has also been ascertained, but separate NMR subspectra were not detected
      due to the predominance of one of the torsional diastereomers (alpha' = 90
      degrees) in the fully stacked state. Problems of self-association and chemical
      exchange were identified and overcome to enable analysis of the sugar-phosphate
      backbone conformation utilizing coupling constants. For the exocyclic C(4')-C(5')
      bond of the deoxyguanosine moiety, there is a high gauche+ (gamma = 60 degrees)
      conformer population, which is uncommon for a purine nucleotide with a syn
      orientation about the glycosyl bond. The gauche- conformation (gamma = 300
      degrees), which is normally present in syn purine nucleotides in solution, was
      not detected. The exocyclic C(5')-O(5') torsion of the deoxy-guanosine moiety
      remains near the classical energy minimum (beta = 180 degrees) in the major
      stacked conformations. The sugar ring of the deoxycytidine moiety is
      predominantly in the C2'-endo conformation, while the deoxyguanosine ring is a
      mixture of conformations, one of which appears to be unusually puckered. The
      results support intercalation models of modified DNA and suggest a looped-out
      structure, with the modified guanine being the first base in the loop. Such
      structures could explain the relatively rapid rate of repair and the frame-shift
      mutations of this type of adduct.

PMID- 3401467
TI  - Circular dichroism microscopy of compact forms of DNA and chromatin in vivo and
      in vitro: cholesteric liquid-crystalline phases of DNA and single dinoflagellate
      nuclei.
AB  - Two highly condensed structures of DNA have been analyzed in the circular
      dichroism (CD) microscope: the cholesteric liquid-crystalline phase of DNA and
      the nucleus of a dinoflagellate (Prorocentrum micans). In both cases, the DNA
      shows a helical cholesteric organization, but the helical pitch equals about 2500
      nm in the first case and 250 nm in the second one. Since the absorption band of
      DNA is located at 260 nm, the reflection and absorption bands are well separated
      in the cholesteric phase of DNA and are overlapping in the dinoflagellate
      nucleus. However, both structures give a very strong negative CD signal at 265
      nm. We show that this very strong signal cannot correspond to a Borrmann effect,
      i.e., to a superposition of the absorption and reflection bands, but is a
      differential absorption of left versus right circularly polarized light. This
      anomalous differential absorption is probably due to a significant scattering of
      light, inside of the structure, which produces a resonance phenomenon in the
      absorption band of the chromophore. Therefore, for any helical structure
      containing a chromophore, the apparent CD can be expressed as CD = [(epsilon L -
      epsilon R)cl] + (psi L - psi R) + (SL - SR) The first term is true absorption and
      is located in the absorption band of the chromophore, and the last term is true
      scattering and is observed at the wavelength corresponding to the helical pitch
      of the structure. The second term (psi L - psi R) corresponds to the anomalous
      differential absorption observed in dense superhelical structures of DNA. It
      superimposes to the first term in the absorption band of the chromophore. psi L -
      psi R is a measure of the perfection of the helical structure and of the density
      of chromophores in the material. Intercalative dyes [ethidium bromide and meso
      tetrakis(4-N-methylpyridyl)porphine (H2TMpyP-4) and its nickel(II) derivative
      (NiIITMpyP-4)] were inserted in the dinoflagellate chromatin. The CD signal
      recorded in their absorption band mimics the signal observed in the absorption
      band of DNA. In both structures, the negative sign of the CD at 265 nm indicates
      that the twist occurring between DNA. In both structures, the negative sign of
      the CD at 265 nm indicates that the twist occurring between DNA molecules is left
      handed, and we show that this situation is the most frequently encountered in
      vivo and vitro.

PMID- 3401468
TI  - Assignment of selected hyperfine proton NMR resonances in the met forms of
      Glycera dibranchiata monomer hemoglobins and comparisons with sperm whale
      metmyoglobin.
AB  - This work indicates a high degree of purity for our preparations of all three of
      the primary Glycera dibranchiata monomer hemoglobins and details assignments of
      the heme methyl and vinyl protons in the hyperfine shift region of the ferric
      (aquo?) protein forms. The assignments were carried out by reconstituting the
      apoproteins of each component with selectively deuteriated hemes. The results
      indicate that even though the individual component preparations consist of
      essentially a single protein, the proton NMR spectra indicate spectroscopic
      heterogeneity. Evidence is presented for identification and classification of
      major and minor protein forms that are present in solutions of each component.
      Finally, in contrast to previous results, a detailed analysis of the proton
      hyperfine shift patterns of the major and minor forms of each component, in
      comparison to the major and minor forms of metmyoglobin, leads to the conclusion
      that the corresponding forms of the proteins from each species have strikingly
      similar heme-globin contacts and display nearly identical heme electronic
      structures and coordination numbers.

PMID- 3401469
TI  - Effect of alcohols on the phase transitions of dihexadecylphosphatidylcholine.
AB  - We have systematically investigated the effect of short chain alcohols (methanol
      to n-propanol) on the phase transitions of 1,2-dihexadecylphosphatidylcholine
      (DHPC), a lipid that forms a stable interdigitated gel phase (L beta I) in
      aqueous solution. The temperature of the low-temperature L beta I to P beta'
      phase transition of DHPC was found to increase with alcohol concentration,
      showing that alcohol interacts preferentially with the interdigitated phase
      relative to the non-interdigitated gel. The main transition of DHPC exhibited a
      biphasic effect of alcohol concentration similar to that previously observed with
      DPPC (Rowe, E.S. (1983) Biochemistry 22,3299-3305). As alcohol concentration is
      increased the lower L beta I to P beta' and main P beta' to L alpha transitions
      of DHPC merge at the threshold concentration of the biphasic effect, so that
      above this concentration there is one phase transition from L beta I directly to
      L alpha. This is analogous to DPPC above its biphasic threshold. Similar to DPPC,
      the transition between L beta I and L alpha exhibits marked hysteresis.

PMID- 3401470
TI  - Protein-mediated fusion of liposomes with microsomal membranes of Aspergillus
      niger: evidence for a complex mechanism dealing with membranous and cytosolic
      fusogenic proteins.
AB  - Membrane fusion is a fundamental and wide-spread phenomenon in the functioning of
      cells. Many studies were carried out concerning fusion of plasma membranes as for
      example cell-cell fusions or uptake by cells of lipid-enveloped viruses. The
      present study deals with the interaction of intracellular membranes of
      Aspergillus niger with artificial membranes (liposomes). Association is monitored
      by the uptake of radioactive liposomes by fungal microsomal membranes. The
      discrimination between aggregation and pure fusion is done by layering the
      liposomes-microsomes mixture on a continuous sucrose gradient. The accurate
      quantitation of the fusion phenomenon is monitored with a fluorescent assay based
      on resonance energy transfer (Struck, D.K. et al. (1981) Biochemistry 20, 4093
      4099). Both methods show that, at physiological pH, there is a spontaneous fusion
      of microsomes with cholesterol-free liposomes. This phenomenon is protein
      dependent as trypsinized microsomal membranes are no longer able to fuse with
      liposomes. Biological significance of the fusion process has been demonstrated
      using microsomal intrinsic protein mannosylation assay; the enhancement of the
      lipid to protein ratio due to the fusion of liposomes with microsomes of A. niger
      results in an increase in the rate of endogenous proteins mannosylation.
      Moreover, cytosolic proteins of A. niger promote the fusion of any kind of
      liposomes with microsomes.

PMID- 3401471
TI  - Phase metastability and supercooled metastable state of
      diundecanoylphosphatidylethanolamine bilayers.
AB  - Aqueous dispersons of L-alpha-phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) with identical
      saturated acyl chains are known to exhibit gel-state metastability. It is also
      known that the metastability in PE becomes more pronounced with decreasing acyl
      chain-length. In an attempt to study the metastable phase behavior of PE, we have
      synthesized diundecanoylphosphatidylethanolamine (diC11PE) and examined its
      polymorphic phase behavior. A single endothermic transition at 38 degrees C is
      detected between 10 and 55 degrees C by DSC for the nonheated sample of diC11PE
      in excess water. An immediate second heating scan done after cooling slowly of
      the same sample from the liquid-crystalline state shows a smaller endothermic
      transition at a lower temperature, 18 degrees C. However, the high-temperature
      transition at 38 degrees C can be detected, if the sample which has been heated
      above 38 degrees C is quench cooled from the liquid-crystalline to a temperature
      between 18 and 38 degrees C. Furthermore, two endothermic transitions at 18 and
      38 degrees C and an exothermic transition at 19 degrees C are recorded for
      diC11PE after quench supercooling of the sample from the liquid-crystalline state
      to an appropriate temperature below 10 degrees C. The gel-state metastability of
      diC11PE can be most appropriately explained in terms of changes in interbilayer
      headgroup-headgroup interactions. It is suggested that the kinetically trapped
      supercooled metastable state may be a multilamellar structure with melted acyl
      chains but with strong interbilayer headgroup-headgroup interactions.

PMID- 3401472
TI  - Conformational analysis of lipid-associating proteins in a lipid environment.
AB  - Two major types of helical structures have been identified in lipid-associating
      proteins, being either amphipathic or transmembrane domains. A conformational
      analysis was carried out to characterize some of the properties of these helices.
      These calculations were performed both on isolated helices and in a lipid
      environment. According to the results of this analysis, the orientation of the
      line joining the hydrophobic and hydrophilic centers of the helix seems to
      determine the orientation of the helix at the lipid/water interface. The
      calculation of this parameter should be useful to discriminate between an
      amphipathic helix, parallel to the interface and a transmembrane helix orientated
      perpendicularly. The membrane-spanning helices are completely immersed in the
      phospholipid bilayer and their length corresponds to about the thickness of the
      hydrophobic core of the DPPC bilayer. The energy of interaction, expressed per
      phospholipid is significantly higher for the transmembrane compared to the
      amphipathic helices. For the membrane-spanning helices the mean energy of
      interaction is higher than the interaction energy between two phospholipids,
      while it is lower for most amphipathic helices. This might account for the
      stability of these protein-anchoring domains. This computer modeling approach
      should usefully complement the statistical analysis carried out on these helices,
      based on their hydrophobicity and hydrophobic moment. It represents a more
      refined analysis of the domains identified by the prediction techniques and
      stress the functional character of lipid-associating domains in membrane proteins
      as well as in soluble plasma lipoproteins.

PMID- 3401474
TI  - The effect of alpha-lactalbumin on the thermotropic phase behaviour of
      phosphatidylcholine bilayers, studied by fluorescence polarization, differential
      scanning calorimetry and Raman spectroscopy.
AB  - The effects of bovine alpha-lactalbumin on the thermotropic properties of
      dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine liposomes are studied by Raman spectroscopy,
      fluorescence polarization and differential scanning calorimetry. The Raman
      spectrum reveals the drastic effects of the protein on the phospholipid
      structure. The transition temperature shifts downwards and the inter- and
      intrachain order in the lipid matrix progressively diminish with increasing
      protein concentration. Up to a lipid to protein molar ratio R = 25, the bilayer
      structure however is maintained. From fluorescence polarization data we conclude
      that the protein restricts the mobility of the DPH probe. In view of the Raman
      results, the lower probe mobility obviously cannot be associated with a more
      rigid lipid matrix. Nevertheless the transition temperatures of the alpha
      lactalbumin-phospholipid complex increases. DSC measurements give no decisive way
      out for this discrepancy. These results confirm that different types of lipid
      order are involved in lipid-protein interactions. Compared to the free protein,
      the alpha-helicity of the protein has increased in the complex.

PMID- 3401473
TI  - The quinoid structure is the molecular requirement for recognition of phthaleins
      by the organic anion carrier at the sinusoidal plasma membrane level in the
      liver.
AB  - Sulfobromophthalein electrogenic uptake into rat liver plasma membrane vesicles
      was shown to admit only the quinoid, trivalent anion. The minimum requirement for
      this electrogenic process has been investigated in rat liver plasma membrane
      vesicles by using Thymol blue, a pH-indicator phthalein occurring either as a
      neutral, phenolic molecule or as a quinoid, monovalent anion. It has been found
      that Thymol blue is taken up electrogenically, in accordance with Michaelis
      Menten kinetics. Parallel inhibition experiments have shown that both
      sulfobromophthalein and Thymol blue electrogenic uptakes are performed by the
      same carrier. It is, therefore, concluded that the phthalein structure recognized
      for transport is the quinoid molecule, with the dissociated acidic function on
      the benzene ring. Moreover, inhibitions by rifamycin-SV and bilirubin suggest
      that there exists a common uptake system for bilirubin, phthaleins and other
      anions. Taurocholate, on the contrary, does not appear to be involved in the same
      process.

PMID- 3401475
TI  - Immunospecific targeting of immunoliposomes, F(ab')2 and IgG to red blood cells
      in vivo.
AB  - In this report a model to study the fate of target cells in the blood circulation
      after injection of appropriate immunoliposomes is discussed. The effect of
      intravenous administration of antimouse RBC immunoliposomes, F(ab')2 or IgG on
      the fate of intravenously injected 51Cr-labelled mouse RBC (Cr-mRBC) in the mouse
      and, particularly, in the rat was studied. The immunoliposome was of the Fab'
      MPBPE-REV type (Fab'-fragments covalently linked to reverse phase evaporation
      vesicles by maleimido-4-(p-phenylbutyrate)phosphatidylethanolamine). In the rat
      model a high blood level (80%) of the injected dose of target cells, Cr-mRBC, was
      maintained for several hours. The elimination by Fab'-liposomes, F(ab')2 or IgG
      of Cr-mRBC, and subsequent uptake into liver and spleen was dose dependent.
      Administration of Fab'-liposomes or F(ab')2 resulted in a preferential uptake
      into the spleen (above a certain dose also, but much lower, uptake into the liver
      was observed), while after IgG administration 51Cr-label was mainly recovered in
      the liver. At equal protein doses (+/- 130 micrograms) Fab'-liposomes induced a
      faster elimination of the Cr-mRBC and a higher uptake into the spleen than
      F(ab')2. The potential advantage of the use of drug-loaded immunoliposomes to
      eliminate target cells from the blood stream and to induce a certain
      pharmacological effect in the target cells, in comparison with the free antibody
      administration of F(ab')2 or IgG is discussed.

PMID- 3401476
TI  - Effect of dietary lipids on plasma lipoproteins and fluidity of lymphoid cell
      membranes in normal and leukemic mice.
AB  - Mice of the GR/A strain were fed four different isocaloric semipurified diets,
      enriched in either (1) saturated fatty acids (palm oil), or (2) polyunsaturated
      fatty acids (corn oil), or (3) palm oil plus cholesterol, or (4) a fat-poor diet
      containing only a minimal amount of essential fatty acids. We have studied the
      effects of these dietary lipids on the density profile and composition of the
      plasma lipoproteins and on the lipid composition and fluidity of (purified)
      lymphoid cell membranes in healthy mice and in mice bearing a transplanted
      lymphoid leukemia (GRSL). Tumor development in these mice occurred in the spleen
      and in ascites. While the fatty acid composition of the VLDL-triacylglycerols
      still strongly resembled the dietary lipids, the effects of the diets decreased
      in the order VLDL-triacylglycerols greater than HDL-phospholipids greater than
      plasma membrane phospholipids. Diet-induced differences in the latter fraction
      were virtually confined to the content of oleic acid and linoleic acid, and they
      were too small to affect the membrane fluidity, as measured by fluorescence
      polarization using the probe 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene. Healthy mice were
      almost irresponsive to dietary cholesterol, but in the tumor bearers, where
      lipoprotein metabolism has been shown to be disturbed, the cholesterol diet
      caused a substantial increase in the low- and very-low density regions of both
      blood and ascites plasma lipoproteins. The cholesterol-rich diet also increased
      the cholesterol/phospholipid molar ratio and lipid structural order (decreased
      fluidity) in GRSL ascites cell membranes, but not in the splenic GRSL cell
      membranes. We conclude that the composition of plasma lipoproteins and cell
      membrane lipids in GR/A mice is subject to exquisite homeostatic control.
      However, in these low-responders to dietary lipids the development of an ascites
      tumor may lead to increased responsiveness to dietary cholesterol. The elevated
      level of membrane cholesterol thus obtained in GRSL ascites cells did not affect
      the expression of various cell surface antigens or tumor cell growth.

PMID- 3401477
TI  - Photolabeling of the human erythrocyte glucose carrier with androgenic steroids.
AB  - Androgenic steroids, which are potent inhibitors of facilitated hexose transport
      in human erythrocytes, were tested as possible natural photolabels of the hexose
      carrier protein. Androstenedione, which inhibited 3-O-methylglucose uptake half
      maximally at 30-50 microM (EC50), was the most potent inhibitor of the
      photolabile steroids tested. It appeared to interact directly with the carrier,
      since it (1) inhibited equilibrium [3H]cytochalasin B binding to high affinity D
      glucose-sensitive sites in both intact cells (EC50 = 63 microM) and protein
      depleted ghosts (EC50 = 61 microM), (2) inhibited cytochalasin B photolabeling of
      the band 4.5 carrier region in electrophoretic gels of protein-depleted ghosts
      (EC50 = 50 microM), and (3) underwent photoincorporation into the same gel region
      in a D-glucose- and cytochalasin B-sensitive fashion. However, Dixon plots for
      inhibition of both cytochalasin B binding and transport were upward-curving,
      indicating the binding of more than one molecule of androstenedione to the
      carrier. The photoincorporation of androstenedione into band 4.5 protein was both
      time- and concentration-dependent, and not associated with damage to unlabeled
      carrier. It probably occurred by activation of the alpha, beta-unsaturated ketone
      on the steroid rather than indirectly by photoactivation of a group on the
      carrier protein, as occurs with cytochalasin B. Although androstenedione may bind
      to more than one region of the carrier, as well as to other non-carrier proteins,
      tryptic digestion of photolabeled ghosts produced a labeled Mr = 18,000-20,000
      fragment, the labeling of which was inhibited by cytochalasin B, and which had an
      electrophoretic mobility similar to the major labeled tryptic fragment in
      cytochalasin B-labeled ghosts. These data suggest that androstenedione interacts
      directly with the hexose carrier and that it or other similar naturally
      photolabile steroids may serve as useful probes for structural dissection of the
      carrier protein.

PMID- 3401478
TI  - Effects of platelet activating factor on calcium-lipid interactions and lateral
      phase separations in phospholipid vesicles.
AB  - Recent studies localizing the inflammatory mediator, platelet activating factor
      (PAF, 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine), to the membranes of
      stimulated neutrophils, raise the possibility that PAF may, in addition to its
      activities as a mediator, alter the physical properties of membranes. This, and
      the increasing evidence that calcium-lipid interactions may have central
      importance in membrane organizational structure and in functions of cell
      homeostasis and stimulus-response coupling, prompted us to study the effects of
      PAF on calcium-lipid interactions in lipid vesicles. Using fluorescence
      polarization of dansylated probes located in the glycerol portion of the membrane
      bilayer, PAF (at a concentration as low as 1 mol%) was shown to reduce membrane
      rigidification significantly during calcium-induced lateral phase separations.
      This effect of PAF was structurally dependent on both the 1-position alkyl
      linkage and the 2-position acetyl group as shown by studies of related lipid
      analogs. Furthermore, using a self-quenching probe, it was shown that inhibition
      of lateral phase separation did not account for this reduction in the calcium
      induced membrane rigidification attributed to PAF. Data suggest that PAF at low
      concentrations may alter phospholipid head packing and, thereby, change membrane
      surface features during calcium-lipid interactions, effects which may ultimately
      explain some of its biological actions.

PMID- 3401479
TI  - Permeability of inner mitochondrial membrane and oxidative stress.
AB  - The mechanism of increase in the inner membrane permeability induced by Ca2+ plus
      Pi, diamide and hydroperoxides has been analyzed. (1) The permeability increase
      is antagonized by oligomycin and favoured by atractyloside. The promoting effect
      of atractyloside is strongly reduced if the mitochondria are simultaneously
      treated with oligomycin. (2) Addition of the free-radical scavenger,
      butylhydroxytoluene, results in a complete protection of the membrane with
      respect to the permeability increase. (3) Although membrane damage and depression
      of the GSH concentration are often associated, there is no direct correlation
      between extent of membrane damage and concentration of reduced glutathione.
      Abolition of the permeability increase by butylhydroxytoluene or by oligomycin is
      not accompanied by maintenance of a high GSH concentration in the presence of
      diamide or hydroperoxides. The membrane damage induced by Ca2+ plus Pi is not
      accompanied by a depression of the GSH concentration. (4) It is proposed that a
      variety of processes causing an increased permeability of the inner mitochondrial
      membrane merge into some ultimate common steps involving the action of oxygen
      radicals.

PMID- 3401480
TI  - Phospholipid asymmetry in cardiac sarcolemma. Analysis of intact cells and 'gas
      dissected' membranes.
AB  - The investigation focuses on the phospholipid composition of the sarcolemma of
      cultured neonatal rat heart cells and on the distribution of the phospholipid
      classes between the two monolayers of the sarcolemma. The plasma membranes are
      isolated by 'gas-dissection' technique and 38% of total cellular phospholipid is
      present in the sarcolemma with the composition: phosphatidylethanolamine (PE)
      24.9%, phosphatidylcholine (PC) 52.0%, phosphatidylserine/phosphatidylinositol
      (PS/PI) 7.2%, sphingomyelin 13.5%. The cholesterol/phospholipid ratio of the
      sarcolemma is 0.5. The distribution of the phospholipids between inner and outer
      monolayer is defined with the use of two phospholipases A2, sphingomyelinase C or
      trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid as lipid membrane probes in whole cells. The probes
      have access to the entire sarcolemmal surface and do not produce detectable cell
      lysis. The phospholipid classes are asymmetrically distributed: (1) the
      negatively charged phospholipids, PS/PI are located exclusively in the inner or
      cytoplasmic leaflet; (2) 75% of PE is in the inner leaflet; (3) 93% of
      sphingomyelin is in the outer leaflet; (4) 43% of PC is in the outer leaflet. The
      predominance of PS/PI and PE at the cytoplasmic sarcolemmal surface is discussed
      with respect to phospholipid-ionic binding relations between phospholipids and
      exchange and transport of ions, and the response of the cardiac cell on ischemia
      reperfusion.

PMID- 3401481
TI  - Electron microscopic study of the calcium phosphate-induced aggregation and
      membrane destabilization of cytoskeleton-free erythrocyte vesicles.
AB  - Cytoskeleton-free vesicles derived from human erythrocytes were treated with
      trypsin, chymotrypsin, or neuraminidase followed by calcium, phosphate, or
      combined calcium/phosphate treatments in order to study the roles of cell surface
      proteins and glycoproteins in calcium/phosphate-induced cell aggregation and
      fusion. Vesicle aggregation (a necessary pre-cursor to membrane fusion) and
      subsequent membrane destabilization (an essential component of fusion) were
      examined by freeze-fracture electron microscopy. Enzymatic treatment alone had no
      effect on the morphology of the cytoskeleton-free vesicles. Neither did separate
      calcium nor phosphate treatments, although the treatment of the cytoskeleton-free
      vesicles with calcium did reduce their size slightly. Enzymatic pretreatment had
      no effect on the calcium-induced size changes. In contrast, the combination of
      calcium and phosphate drastically disrupted the membrane integrity of aggregated
      cytoskeleton-free vesicles at pH 7.8, although the effect was reduced at lower pH
      values. The extent of this membrane destabilization was independent of enzyme
      treatment. Our results indicate: (1) that the cell surface proteins and
      glycoproteins have only secondary effects on calcium/phosphate-induced cell
      aggregation and membrane destabilization, (2) that these processes primarily
      depend on the reaction between calcium and phosphate ions at the membrane
      surface, and (3) that cytoskeletal elements probably play no active (positive)
      role in the Ca2+/PO4(3-) induced erythrocyte membrane fusion process, apart from
      maintaining cell shape.

PMID- 3401482
TI  - Inactivation of the intestinal uptake system for beta-lactam antibiotics by
      diethylpyrocarbonate.
AB  - The uptake system for beta-lactam antibiotics in the rabbit small intestine was
      investigated using brush-border membrane vesicles. After treatment of membrane
      vesicles with the reagent diethylpyrocarbonate (DEP), the uptake of orally active
      beta-lactam antibiotics with an alpha-amino group in the substituent at position
      6 or 7 of the penam or cephem nucleus was significantly inhibited, whereas DEP
      treatment had no inhibitory effect on the uptake of beta-lactam antibiotics
      without an alpha-amino group. The kinetic analysis revealed an apparent
      competitive inhibition indicating a decreased affinity of the transport system
      for alpha-amino-beta-lactam antibiotics. Substrates of the intestinal dipeptide
      transport system - dipeptides and alpha-amino-beta-lactam antibiotics - could
      protect the transport system from irreversible inhibition by DEP, whereas beta
      lactam antibiotics without an alpha-amino group as well as amino acids or bile
      acids had no effect. Incubation of DEP-treated vesicles with hydroxylamine led to
      a partial restoration of the transport activity indicating that DEP may have led
      to a modification of a histidine residue of the transport protein. From the data
      presented we conclude that a specific interaction of the alpha-amino group in the
      substituent at position 6 or 7 of the penam or cephem nucleus presumably with a
      histidine residue of the transport protein is involved in the translocation
      process of orally active alpha-amino-beta-lactam antibiotics across the
      intestinal brush-border membrane.

PMID- 3401483
TI  - Lipid permeability of rat jejunum and ileum: correlation with physical properties
      of the microvillus membrane.
AB  - It is now generally accepted that dietary lipids permeate through the cholesterol
      phospholipid bilayer of the intestinal microvillus membrane during the process of
      intestinal absorption. Therefore, it has been assumed that rates of lipid
      permeation depend upon the physical properties of the microvillus membrane. In
      this study the lipid permeability properties of the microvillus membrane were
      compared in two regions of the intestine, jejunum and ileum. Since the jejunum is
      exposed to the majority of dietary lipid it would be reasonable to suppose that
      it would be more efficient at lipid absorption. The ileum was found to be less
      permeable to all fatty acids examined and this could be correlated with increased
      rigidity of ileal microvillus membrane vesicles measured with multiple
      fluorescent probes. Differences in membrane fluidity were found in both the outer
      third and central regions of the bilayer. When measurements of membrane fluidity
      were performed either in the presence or the absence of fatty acids, it could be
      demonstrated that these acids perturb the physical properties of the outer region
      or the membrane. Therefore, this suggests that the rate-limiting step in fatty
      acid permeation may be localized to the outer third of the bilayer. Pharmacologic
      or dietary manipulations attempting to alter rates of lipid permeability should,
      therefore, be directed towards altering the physical properties of this region of
      the microvillus membrane.

PMID- 3401484
TI  - Interaction of the polyene antibiotic filipin with model and natural membranes
      containing plant sterols.
AB  - The interaction of the polyene antibiotic, filipin, with individual or mixed
      plant sterols (stigmasterol, sitosterol, campesterol and 24-methylpollinastanol)
      incorporated into large unilamellar vesicles (LUV) of soybean phosphatidylcholine
      (PC) as well as the filipin interaction with purified membrane fractions from
      maize roots containing these sterols was investigated by ultraviolet (UV)
      absorption and and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. With both types of
      membrane preparation, dramatic changes in the UV absorption and CD spectra of the
      antibiotic were evidenced. When LUV containing stigmasterol, sitosterol and/or
      campesterol were incubated with low filipin concentrations (i.e., for
      filipin/sterol molar ratios (rst) lower than 1), CD signal characteristic of the
      formation of filipin-sterol complexes were observed. At higher rst values, the
      filipin-sterol interaction was shown to be in competition with a filipin
      phospholipid interaction. With 24-methylpollinastanol-containing LUV, the filipin
      phospholipid interaction was detected even at rst values lower than 1, which
      suggests a lower affinity of filipin for this sterol and emphasizes the
      structural differences between delta 5-sterols and 9 beta,19-cyclopropylsterols.
      With sterol-free soybean PC LUV, a filipin-phospholipid interaction could also be
      evidenced. With maize root cell membranes containing either delta 5-sterols or 9
      beta,19-cyclopropylsterols, CD spectra similar to those obtained in the presence
      of LUV having these sterols as components were observed. Thus, the protein
      component of the membranes does not appear to be an important feature.

PMID- 3401486
TI  - Fourier transform infrared spectra of the polypeptide alamethicin and a possible
      structural similarity with bacteriorhodopsin.
AB  - FTIR spectra of alamethicin have been obtained in KBr disk, methanol and in
      aqueous lipid dispersion (above and below the lipid phase transition). The
      solution structure of this polypeptide in methanol has been shown by recent
      studies (Esposito et al. (1987) Biochemistry 26, 1043-1050) using NMR
      spectroscopy to be predominantly alpha-helical in content. It may therefore be
      regarded as a model structure for the interpretation of the spectra of certain
      biomembrane proteins. A comparison of the spectra with that obtained with
      bacteriorhodopsin shows spectral similarities, e.g. the presence of a high
      frequency amide I maximum at 1661-1663 cm-1 and shoulders near 1640 cm-1 and 1620
      cm-1.

PMID- 3401487
TI  - Deuterium NMR studies of the interactions of polyhydroxyl compounds and of
      glycolipids with lipid model membranes.
AB  - The physical properties of bilayers composed of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3
      phosphocholine (POPC) in the presence of four water-soluble polyhydroxyl
      compounds, trehalose, sorbitol, glycerol, and ethyleneglycol, and three neutral
      glycolipids - monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG), digalactosyldiacylglycerol
      (DGDG) and nonhydroxy fattyacyl-cerebrosides (NHFA-Cer) - were investigated using
      2H-NMR. All four polyhydroxyl compounds induced small, but comparable
      concentration-dependent changes in the choline headgroup conformation which were
      consistent with the presence of a small negative charge being conferred upon the
      bilayer surface. The latter may be explained by dipolar interactions brought
      about by changes in the long-range order of the water layer at the membrane
      surface. Trehalose had a small ordering effect on the hydrophobic interior of the
      membrane while ethyleneglycol induced a disordering, at both the head group level
      and in the hydrophobic interior. The presence of high amounts of carbohydrate at
      the membrane surface was ensured when POPC was mixed with various proportions of
      one of three glycolipids, MGDG, DGDG and NHFA-Cer. In these cases the
      conformation of the choline headgroup was only marginally altered when not masked
      by macroscopic phase changes. The headgroup conformational changes observed in
      the presence of any of the above-mentioned compounds were modest in comparison to
      the effects induced by charged substances.

PMID- 3401485
TI  - Kinetic characterization and radiation-target sizing of the glucose transporter
      in cardiac sarcolemmal vesicles.
AB  - Stereospecific glucose transport was assayed and characterized in bovine cardiac
      sarcolemmal vesicles. Sarcolemmal vesicles were incubated with D-[3H]glucose or L
      [3H]glucose at 25 degrees C. The reaction was terminated by rapid addition of 4
      mM HgCl2 and vesicles were immediately collected on glass fiber filters for
      quantification of accumulated [3H]glucose. Non-specific diffusion of L
      [3H]glucose was never more than 11% of total D-[3H]glucose transport into the
      vesicles. Stereospecific uptake of D-[3H]glucose reached a maximum level by 20 s.
      Cytochalasin B (50 microM) inhibited specific transport of D-[3H]glucose to the
      level of that for non-specific diffusion. The vesicles exhibited saturable
      transport (Km = 9.3 mM; Vmax = 2.6 nmol/mg per s) and the transporter turnover
      number was 197 glucose molecules per transporter per s. The molecular sizes of
      the cytochalasin B binding protein and the D-glucose transport protein in
      sarcolemmal vesicles were estimated by radiation inactivation. These values were
      77 and 101 kDa, respectively, and by the Wilcoxen Rank Sum Test were not
      significantly different from each other.

PMID- 3401489
TI  - Improvements in a secondary structure prediction method based on a search for
      local sequence homologies and its use as a model building tool.
AB  - This report describes an optimised version of a secondary structure prediction
      method based on local homologies, using a new data base. A 63% prediction
      accuracy, for three states, was obtained after elimination of the protein to be
      predicted and all proteins with a percentage identity greater than 22% from the
      data base. This corresponds to a 5% increase in accuracy on the original method
      (Levin et al. FEBS Lett. 205 (1986) 303-308). The flexibility of the method to
      the incorporation of information extraneous to the prediction was demonstrated by
      the prediction of the homologous proteins in the data base. Using the percentage
      identity with the protein to be predicted, to weight the relative importance of
      each protein, for all proteins with a percentage identity greater than 30%, the
      mean correct prediction per chain was 87%. As a result this algorithm can be used
      during the molecular modelling process, both to give an idea of the structural
      similarity between two proteins and as an aid in the determination of the best
      alignment. Incorporation of the result of a protein folding type assignment based
      on the global amino-acid composition increased the overall prediction to 66%.

PMID- 3401488
TI  - Investigation of the physical properties of dog intestinal microvillar membrane
      proteins by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis: a comparison between normal dogs
      and dogs with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency.
AB  - Procedures have been validated for the investigation of the physical properties
      of canine microvillar membrane proteins by SDS-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis. These have been used to examine mucosal samples from eight
      control dogs and from five dogs with naturally occurring exocrine pancreatic
      insufficiency (EPI) in order to evaluate the potential role of the pancreas in
      the normal turnover of microvillar membrane proteins in the dog. Gel scanning
      showed that the proportion of total membrane protein in bands corresponding to a
      molecular mass greater than 200 kDa was up to 20-times higher in dogs with EPI
      than in control dogs. In particular, a band of apparent molecular mass 218 kDa
      represented between 8 and 28% of membrane protein in all affected dogs, compared
      with only 0.5 to 1.8% in controls, and is most likely to contain single chains of
      both pro-maltase-glucoamylase and pro-sucrase-isomaltase. Incubation of
      microvillar membranes in vitro with either trypsin or canine pancreatic juice
      resulted in degradation of this high molecular mass band and a corresponding
      increase in the amount of protein in three bands representing molecular masses of
      150, 133 and 106 kDa. In samples from control dogs aminopeptidase N was
      identified in the 133 kDa band by Western blotting and incubation with
      monospecific antiserum. These findings suggest that pancreatic enzymes play a
      major role in the normal post-translational processing of intestinal microvillar
      membrane proteins in the dog.

PMID- 3401490
TI  - Binding of sulfobromophthalein to rat and human ligandins: characterization of a
      binding-site peptide.
AB  - Photoaffinity techniques were employed to affect the covalent binding of
      [35S]sulfobromophthalein to proteins of rat and human liver cytosol. In rat liver
      cytosol at low concentrations, sulfobromophthalein bound to the 22 kDa subunit of
      ligandin. In human liver cytosol, binding to a 23.5 kDa subunit was observed. At
      higher concentrations, sulfobromophthalein also bound to 12, 23.5, 37, and 42 kDa
      peptides. When the peptides resulting from CNBr cleavage of
      [35S]sulfobromophthalein-ligandin complex were resolved by high-performance
      liquid chromatography, radioactivity was associated with two peptides. The
      peptide containing 80% of the radioactivity was isolated and characterized. Its
      molecular weight is 3.4 kDa, it contains the single tryptophan residue of
      ligandin and has a glutamate (glutamine) as the N-terminal amino acid.

PMID- 3401491
TI  - Fluorescence stopped-flow studies on the binding of 1,N6-etheno-NAD to bovine
      liver glutamate dehydrogenase.
AB  - Fluorescence stopped-flow techniques have been used to investigate the binding of
      the oxidised coenzyme eNAD to bovine liver glutamate dehydrogenase (L
      glutamate:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase (deaminating), EC 1.4.1.3) saturated with
      glutarate, a substrate analogue, by following the transient kinetics of
      fluorescence intensity changes associated with changes in the binding of 1,N6
      etheno-NAD (eNAD) to the enzyme, using displacement by NAD, NADP, ADP or GTP.
      Computer simulations of the various kinetic models provide a detailed picture of
      the molecular interactions between the active site (site I) and regulatory sites
      (sites II and III), specific for adenine and guanine nucleotides, respectively.
      The observed enhancement of the eNAD dissociation rate constant from site I can
      satisfactorily be accounted for as being due to the effect of ADP or NAD (and to
      a lesser extent NADP) binding to site II. This provides a mechanism for the
      allosteric activation of this enzyme via a predominantly intrasubunit
      interaction. By contrast the isomerisation of the enzyme induced by ADP alone is
      markedly slowed down by the occupancy of site I by eNAD in the presence of
      glutarate. The inhibitory effect of the allosteric effector GTP correlates with a
      tightening of eNAD binding, causing a decrease of the coenzyme dissociation rate
      constant followed by a slow isomerisation of the enzyme complexed with eNAD and
      glutarate.

PMID- 3401492
TI  - The secondary structure of human plasma fibronectin: conformational changes
      induced by acidic pH and elevated temperatures; a circular dichroic study.
AB  - The secondary structure of native human plasma fibronectin, based on circular
      dichroic spectra, has been estimated to contain 79% beta sheet and 21% beta turn
      structures (Osterlund, E., Eronen, I., Osterlund, K. and Vuento, M. (1985)
      Biochemistry 24, 2661-2667). In this work changes in the secondary structure of
      the protein molecule are followed as a function of different temperatures and pH
      values by using circular dichroic spectroscopy in far- and near-ultraviolet
      regions. Conformational changes are reversible when raising the temperature
      quickly to 55 degrees C, and then cooling slowly to 20 degrees C. A few percent
      of alpha-helix is apparent, when the temperature is raised to 58.5 degrees C, but
      only about 9% random coil is formed, when the temperature is raised up to 70
      degrees C. The largest conformational change is taking place, when fibronectin
      samples are heated from 57 to 58.5 degrees C. According to this study more than
      90% of the secondary structure of the fibronectin molecule is preserved
      throughout the whole temperature range studied from 20 to 70 degrees C, and this
      is a fact even at pH as low as 3.0, when samples are fresh and not denatured by
      preparative procedures.

PMID- 3401493
TI  - Temperature-dependent shift of fluorescence spectra without conformational
      changes in protein; studies of dipole relaxation in the melittin molecule.
AB  - When studying bee venom melittin in an ordered tetrameric form we found a shift
      of the fluorescence spectrum to a longer wavelength with a rise in temperature
      above 25 degrees C. The application of the methods of circular dichroism,
      temperature-perturbation difference spectrophotometry, gel filtration, ionic
      quenching and polarization of Trp-19 fluorescence argues against the possibility
      of dissociation and change in conformation with the rise in temperature. The
      spectral shifts are, probably, caused by dipole-orientational structural
      relaxation of the tryptophanyl environment in the excited state at nanosecond
      times. The dependence of the fluorescence spectrum on the excitation wavelength
      was found to be a function of temperature. This function was applied to determine
      the dipole-orientational relaxation times.

PMID- 3401494
TI  - Secondary structure prediction of liver microsomal cytochrome P-450; proposed
      model of spatial arrangement in a membrane.
AB  - The secondary structure of rabbit liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 LM2, rat
      liver microsomal cytochromes P-450b and P-450e (phenobarbital-inducible), and rat
      liver microsomal cytochromes P-450c, P-450d (3-methylcholanthrene-inducible) was
      predicted by a combination of methods (i) identifying the transmembrane parts of
      integral membrane proteins, and (ii) statistically predicting the secondary
      structure of globular proteins. The results are similar for all phenobarbital
      inducible enzymes and make it possible to construct two structural models with
      seven or four transmembrane alpha-helices. The cytochromes of the second group
      obviously form a second structural family with four membrane-spanning alpha
      helices. In both cases, a large ectodomain with several consecutive alpha
      helices, which may provide the heme-binding pocket, is exposed out of the
      membrane.

PMID- 3401495
TI  - Relationship between mitochondrial lipid peroxidation and alpha-tocopherol levels
      in the guinea-pig adrenal cortex.
AB  - Lipid peroxidation in mitochondria from the functionally distinct inner (zona
      reticularis) and outer (zona fasciculata + zona glomerulosa) zones of the guinea
      pig adrenal cortex was investigated. Ferrous ion (Fe2+)-induced lipid
      peroxidation was far greater in inner than outer zone mitochondria. Ascorbic acid
      similarly initiated lipid peroxidation to a greater extent in inner zone
      mitochondrial preparations. Differences in the unsaturated fatty acid content of
      inner and outer zone mitochondria could not account for the regional differences
      in lipid peroxidation. Total fatty acid concentrations were greater in the outer
      than in the inner zone, and the relative amounts of each fatty acid were similar
      in the two zones. However, mitochondrial concentrations of alpha-tocopherol, an
      antioxidant known to inhibit lipid peroxidation, were approx. 5-times greater in
      the outer than inner zone. The results demonstrate that there are regional
      differences in mitochondrial lipid peroxidation in the adrenal cortex which may
      be attributable to differences in alpha-tocopherol content. Thus, alpha
      tocopherol may serve to protect outer zone mitochondrial enzymes from the
      consequences of lipid peroxidation and thereby contribute to some of the
      functional differences between the zones of the adrenal cortex.

PMID- 3401496
TI  - 4-Hydroxynonenal and other lipid peroxidation products are formed in mouse liver
      following intoxication with allyl alcohol.
AB  - Some recent reports indicate that lipid peroxidation might play a crucial role in
      the production of allyl alcohol hepatotoxicity. Previous work from our laboratory
      has suggested that in the case of bromobenzene, a hepatotoxin sharing the ability
      of allyl alcohol to induce a marked depletion of liver glutathione, liver injury
      is likely to be mediated by lipid peroxidation. In particular, we demonstrated
      that 4-hydroxynonenal and other aldehydes derived from lipid peroxidation can be
      detected in the liver of bromobenzene-poisoned mice. In the present study, we
      report also the in vivo formation of 4-hydroxynonenal and other aldehydes after
      allyl alcohol poisoning. 24-h-fasted mice were intoxicated with allyl alcohol
      (1.5 mmol/kg body wt., i.p.) and killed 1-3 h later. 4-Hydroxynonenal and other
      carbonyls were looked for in liver extracts in the form of 2,4
      dinitrophenylhydrazone derivatives. After fractionation of liver extracts by
      means of thin-layer chromatography (TLC), a well-resolved peak corresponding to
      standard 4-hydroxynonenal was obtained in the high-pressure liquid chromatography
      analysis. Total carbonyls (as 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones) were separated by TLC
      into three fractions, according to their different polarity. The amounts of
      carbonyls present in each fraction were determined by ultraviolet-visible
      spectroscopy. In addition, several products were identified in the fraction of
      the 'non-polar carbonyls' corresponding to alkanals and alk-2-enals.

PMID- 3401497
TI  - Purification of pancreatic carboxylic-ester hydrolase by immunoaffinity and its
      application to the human bile-salt-stimulated lipase.
AB  - A column of immobilized antibodies directed against pure human pancreatic
      carboxylic (cholesterol) ester hydrolase was used to purify in a single step the
      enzyme from human pancreatic juice as well as carboxylic-ester hydrolases from
      other species (rat, dog). This immunoaffinity method was also used for the
      purification of the related bile-salt-stimulated lipase from the human skim milk.
      The enzymes were homogeneous on SDS-PAGE. The yields obtained were always higher
      than those previously observed using either conventional or affinity columns. The
      human and dog carboxylic-ester hydrolases as well as the bile-salt-stimulated
      lipase, in contrast to the rat enzyme, are glycoproteins. From our results, it
      can be speculated that these enzymes, which differ in their molecular weight but
      not in their N-terminal sequences or amino-acid compositions, might have a
      similar proteic core with a molecular mass between 65 and 75 kDa. The difference
      in their respective molecular masses might result from a different level of
      glycosylation of pancreatic carboxylic-ester hydrolases (and milk bile-salt
      stimulated lipase).

PMID- 3401498
TI  - Lipid peroxidation and phospholipase A2 activity in liposomes composed of
      unsaturated phospholipids: a structural basis for enzyme activation.
AB  - The effect of lipid peroxidation on membrane structure and phospholipase A2
      activity was studied using liposomes composed of bovine liver phosphatidylcholine
      (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). The phospholipids were mixed at set
      ratios and sonicated to yield small unilamellar vesicles. The liposome
      preparations were subjected to lipid peroxidation as induced by cumene
      hydroperoxide and hematin. Under these conditions, a sharp increase in lipid
      peroxidation was noted over a 30 min incubation period and was accompanied by
      loss of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Liposomes enriched in PE were most
      extensively peroxidized with a preferred oxidation of this phospholipid. The
      extent of PC oxidation was also greater in liposomes containing the largest
      proportions of PE. Analysis of liposome anisotropy, via steady-state fluorescence
      polarization of diphenylhexatriene indicated that progressive increases in either
      PE content or the level of lipid peroxidation increased the apparent
      microviscosity of the vesicles. Moreover, lipid peroxidation increased anisotropy
      more effectively than variations in the ratios of PE vs. PC. Thus, peroxidation
      of 5-10% of the phospholipids produced the same anisotropy increase as a 20%
      increase in the ratio of PE vs. PC. Analysis of vesicle turbidity suggested that
      fusion was also more readily achieved through lipid peroxidation. When liposomes
      were incubated with 0.4 U/ml of snake venom phospholipase A2, a direct
      correlation was found between the degree of lipid peroxidation and the extent of
      phospholipid hydrolysis. The more unsaturated phospholipid, PE, was most
      extensively hydrolyzed following peroxidation. Increasing the proportion of PE
      also resulted in more extensive phospholipid hydrolysis. These findings indicate
      that lipid peroxidation produces a general increase in membrane viscosity which
      is associated with vesicle instability and enhanced phospholipase A2 attack. A
      structural basis for membrane phospholipase A2 activation as a consequence of
      lipid peroxidation is discussed in light of these findings.

PMID- 3401500
TI  - Comparative studies on the biophysical activities of the low-molecular-weight
      hydrophobic proteins purified from bovine pulmonary surfactant.
AB  - Two low-molecular-weight hydrophobic proteins with nominal molecular weights Mr =
      15,000 and Mr = 3,500 have been isolated from the lipid extracts of bovine
      pulmonary surfactant by several methods, including (a) dialysis plus silicic acid
      chromatography, (b) elution from Waters SEP-PAK silica cartridges with a variety
      of solvent mixtures, and (c) ultrafiltration. As detailed in the text, these
      proteins have been designated surfactant-associated protein-BC (SP-BC) (15 kDa:
      nonreduced), and SP-C (3.5 kDa). The biophysical activities of reconstituted
      surfactant containing these proteins and the phospholipids present in lung
      surfactant have been compared with the biophysical activities of bovine lipid
      extract surfactant on a pulsating bubble surfactometer using a phospholipid
      concentration of 10 mg/ml. At this concentration, unmodified lipid extract
      surfactant reduces the surface tension of the pulsating bubble to near 0 within
      10 pulsations at 20 cycles per min. Similar biophysical properties were observed
      with modified lipid extract surfactant in which the relative concentration of
      hydrophobic protein had been reduced from 1 to 0.4% (W/W) of the phospholipids by
      addition of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) or DPPC plus
      phosphatidylglycerol. Reconstituted surfactants, which contained partially
      delipidated SP-BC (15 kDa: nonreduced) obtained by method (a) at a relative
      concentration of 0.1%, were also capable of reducing the surface tension to near
      0 mN/m. Preparations of SP-BC (15 kDa: nonreduced) obtained by method (b), which
      had been subjected to very low pH levels during isolation and were extensively
      delipidated, exhibited full biophysical activity only at higher protein
      concentrations and with prolonged pulsation. Extensively delipidated samples of
      SP-BC obtained by method (c) exhibited impaired biophysical activities, even when
      prepared with neutral organic solvents. Reconstituted surfactant samples
      containing SP-C (3.5 kDa) obtained by any of the methods listed above were only
      able to reduce the surface tension at minimum bubble radius to approx. 20 mN/m.
      The biophysical activity of SP-C (3.5 kDa) was not significantly affected by low
      pH or extensive delipidation. Reconstituted samples containing mixtures of SP-BC
      (15 kDa: nonreduced) and SP-C (3.5 kDa) were more effective than samples
      containing either protein alone. Furthermore, with samples containing both
      hydrophobic proteins the final surface tensions at maximum bubble radius were
      attained within a few bubble pulsations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3401499
TI  - Lysophosphatidylcholine uptake and metabolism in the adult rabbit lung.
AB  - Tracer quantities of 3H-labeled lysoPC and 32P-labeled natural rabbit surfactant
      were given intratracheally via a bronchoscope and [14C]palmitate was given
      intravenously to 25 rabbits with labeled PC and lysoPC measured in the alveolar
      wash, lung homogenate, lamellar bodies and microsomes at five times from 10 min
      to 6 h after tracheal injection. Surprisingly, only 31% of the administered
      lysoPC remained in its original form in the total lungs (alveolar wash + lung
      homogenate) by 10 min, of which 77% was in the alveolar wash. Meanwhile, by 10
      min an additional 37% was already converted to PC, of which more than 98% was in
      the lung homogenate. LysoPC continued to be rapidly and efficiently converted to
      PC, with 62% conversion measured at 3 h. The converted lysoPC initially appeared
      with high specific activity in microsomes, then in lamellar bodies, and finally
      in the alveolar wash. The intravascular palmitate labeled lung PC had similar
      specific activity-time profiles in the subcellular fractions, while
      intratracheally administered natural rabbit surfactant had a constantly low
      specific activity in microsomes and much higher specific activities in lamellar
      bodies and alveolar wash. Another 25 rabbits received intratracheal lysoPC
      labeled in both the choline and palmitate moieties and then were studied from 1
      to 24 h after tracheal injection. The ratio of the palmitate to choline labels
      indicated uptake and conversion to PC primarily by direct acylation rather than
      transacylation and by intact reuptake and conversion rather than breakdown and
      resynthesis. LysoPC is an attractive 'metabolic probe' of surfactant metabolism
      which undergoes very rapid and efficient intracellular conversion to PC via a
      subcellular pathway that parallels the remodeling and de novo synthetic pathways.

PMID- 3401501
TI  - Phosphatidylethanolamine of lung surfactant: proportion and fatty acid patterns
      of the alkylacyl, alkenylacyl and diacyl subclasses.
AB  - The phosphatidylethanolamine fraction isolated from lung surfactant consisted of
      33% of the alkylacyl, 39% of the alkenylacyl and 25% of the diacyl subclass.
      Palmitic acid was the major fatty acid of the alkyl acyl and alkenylacyl
      subclasses. In diacylphosphatidylethanolamine, saturated and unsaturated fatty
      acids revealed a ratio of nearly 1.

PMID- 3401502
TI  - Occurrence of galactosylceramide in pig epidermal cells.
AB  - Monoglycosylceramides were isolated from pig epidermal cells which had been
      prepared free from dermal elements. The most polar glycolipid among the five
      isolated monoglycosylceramides was galactosylceramide. The galactosylceramide was
      composed of alpha-hydroxypalmitic acid and 16- and 18-carbon chain sphingenine,
      being quite different from epidermal glucosylceramides. This is the first report
      demonstrating the occurrence of galactosylceramide in mammalian epidermal cells.

PMID- 3401503
TI  - Studies on the structural requirements of heparin for the catalysis of thrombin
      inhibition by heparin cofactor II.
AB  - The structural requirements of heparin for the catalysis of thrombin inhibition
      by heparin cofactor II (HC II) were investigated. A series of well characterized
      heparin derivatives were prepared and their activities were measured using human
      thrombin in the presence of an excess of purified human HC II and, for
      comparison, antithrombin III (AT III). The 50% inhibitory concentrations of each
      derivative were calculated and compared with those of unmodified heparin. Heparin
      activity was strongly dependent on molecular weight (Mr) in a manner grossly
      comparable for the two inhibitors. High-Mr fractions were the most active. Below
      10 kDa, the activity dropped rapidly. A minimum size of 26 residues appeared to
      be required for HC II activation (against 16-18 for AT III). Below 5 kDa, a
      residual activity two orders of magnitude lower than that of high-Mr species
      remained with HC II (but not with AT III). Heparin was selectively desulfated or
      oversulfated in the O- and/or N-position. When an N-acetyl group was substituted
      for the original N-sulfate in the glucosamine and the derivative was oversulfated
      in the O-position, a strong activity with HC activities with both inhibitors
      decreased when the overall sulfate content (i.e., the charge density) was
      reduced, and vice-versa. Carboxyl-reduced heparin was also inactive but activity
      could be restored after O-sulfation. Our results thus suggest that, unlike the
      case of AT III, no functional group in heparin is critical for optimal thrombin
      inhibition by HC II. Sulfate and carboxylate are important in as much as they
      contribute to the global charge of the molecule.

PMID- 3401505
TI  - Pyruvate kinase isoenzymes in chromatin extracts of Ehrlich ascites tumour,
      Morris hepatoma 7777 and normal mouse and rat livers.
AB  - A pyruvate kinase (EC 2.7.1.40) variant inhibited by L-cysteine has been found in
      Ehrlich ascites tumour and Morris hepatoma 7777, but not in normal mouse and rat
      livers used for comparison. Chromatin extracts of all materials studied contained
      three pyruvate kinase isoenzymes (alpha, beta, gamma) which showed the greatest
      electrophoretic mobility in normal mouse and rat livers. The isoenzyme mobility
      diminished in both tumour chromatin extracts, and the slow migrating gamma
      isoenzyme exhibited sensitivity to L-cysteine inhibition. This gamma isoenzyme
      sensitive to L-cysteine might be considered as a tumour marker. All tumour
      pyruvate kinase isoenzymes were insensitive to normal signal molecules, i.e., to
      ATP and fructose 1,6-diphosphate, which regulate liver pyruvate kinase activity.
      It was, however, noted that the binding of pyruvate kinase isoenzymes to DNA is
      connected with a diminution in their catalytic activity.

PMID- 3401504
TI  - The Hageman factor-dependent system in the vascular permeability reaction.
AB  - The mechanism by which the Hageman factor-dependent system induces vascular
      permeability has been analyzed. The Mr-28,000 active fragment of guinea pig
      Hageman factor (beta-HFa), injected intradermally, induces an increase in local
      vascular permeability. Inhibition of vascular permeability resulted from
      pretreatment of the beta-HFa with immunopurified anti-Hageman factor F(ab')2
      antibody at concentrations of 10(-6)-10(-7) M as well as by incubation with corn
      and pumpkin seed inhibitors of beta-HFa. To determine whether prekallikrein and
      kallikrein participated in the permeability induced by beta-HFa, circulating
      prekallikrein was depleted by intra-arterial injections of anti-prekallikrein
      F(ab')2 antibody. This resulted in about 80% diminution of the vascular
      permeability response to beta-HFa, without affecting the permeability reaction to
      bradykinin. Soybean trypsin inhibitor (10(-6) M), injected at the same cutaneous
      site as the beta-HFa, inhibited the vascular permeability response to beta-HFa by
      more than 90%. This concentration of soybean inhibitor blocked more than 90% of
      the activity of guinea pig plasma kallikrein, but did not inhibit the amidolytic
      capacity of beta-HFa. The permeability activity of beta-HFa (but not its
      amidolytic activity) was augmented 10-fold by simultaneous injection of a
      synthetic kinin potentiator, SQ 20,881 (Glu-Tyr-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gln-Ile-Pro-Pro-OH),
      and was almost completely inhibited by the simultaneous injection of a kinin
      destroying enzyme, carboxypeptidase B. These results support the hypothesis that
      the greatest proportion of vascular permeability induced by beta-HFa is produced
      by the activation of prekallikrein followed by the release of kinin in the
      cutaneous tissue. These data offer the first in vivo evidence that the Hageman
      factor-dependent system by itself can induce inflammatory changes.

PMID- 3401506
TI  - Superoxide dismutase depletion and lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomal
      membranes: correlation with liver carcinogenesis.
AB  - The depletion of superoxide dismutase in the liver of rats held on a copper
      deficient diet for 8 weeks induces two profound modifications in microsomal
      membrane characteristics. These membranes show: (1) a low degree of peroxidation
      induced in vitro by both endogenous (NADPH and tert-butylhydroperoxide) and
      exogenous sources (xanthine/xanthine oxidase) of oxygen radicals as revealed by
      malondialdehyde and diene-conjugate production; (2) a strong decrease of
      polyunsaturated and an increase of monounsaturated fatty acid content. These
      alterations are similar to those found in microsomal membranes from fast-growing
      hepatomas which exhibit a pronounced saturation of fatty acid pattern and lack
      superoxide dismutase. These observations support the hypothesis that during
      hepatocarcinogenesis the loss of superoxide dismutase causes an oxidative stress
      that increases cellular membrane lipid peroxidation, as a consequence of which
      the cell responds by synthesizing more saturated fatty acids that permanently
      modify cell membrane structure and properties.

PMID- 3401507
TI  - Snake venom cardiotoxin induces G-actin polymerization.
AB  - Snake venom cardiotoxin showed the ability to induce polymerization of G-actin
      from rabbit skeletal muscle in a low ionic strength buffer composed of 0.2 mM
      CaCl2/0.2 mM ATP/0.5 mM mercaptoethanol/2.0 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.0. The activity was
      enhanced greatly when 0.4 mM MgCl2 was present in the buffer and could be
      inhibited if G-actin was preincubated with deoxyribonuclease I. Furthermore, the
      DNAase could also partially depolymerize actin polymer previously formed by the
      interaction of G-actin with the toxin.

PMID- 3401508
TI  - A 13C-NMR study on the influxes into the tricarboxylic acid cycle of a renal
      epithelial cell line, LLC-PK1/Cl4: the metabolism of [2-13C]glycine, L-[3
      13C]alanine and L-[3-13C]aspartic acid in renal epithelial cells.
AB  - Perchloric acid extracts of LLC-PK1/Cl4 cells, a renal epithelial cell line,
      incubated with either [2-13C]glycine L-[3-13C]alanine, or D,L-[3-13C]aspartic
      acid were investigated by 13C-NMR spectroscopy. All amino acids, except labelled
      glycine, gave rise to glycolytic products and tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA)
      intermediates. For the first time we also observed activity of gamma
      glutamyltransferase activity and glutathione synthetase activity in LLC-PK1
      cells, as is evident from enrichment of reduced glutathione. Time courses showed
      that only 6% of the labelled glycine was utilized in 30 min, whereas 31% of L
      alanine and 60% of L-aspartic acid was utilized during the same period. 13C-NMR
      was also shown to be a useful tool for the determination of amino acid uptake in
      LLC-PK1 cells. These uptake experiments indicated that glycine, alanine and
      aspartic acid are transported into Cl4 cells via a sodium-dependent process. From
      the relative enrichment of the glutamate carbons, we calculated the activity of
      pyruvate dehydrogenase to be about 61% when labelled L-alanine was the only
      carbon source for LLC-PK1/Cl4 cells. Experiments with labelled D,L-aspartic,
      however, showed that about 40% of C-3-enriched oxaloacetate (arising from a de
      amination of aspartic acid) reached the pyruvate pool.

PMID- 3401509
TI  - The regulation of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase in cultured cells.
AB  - Growth-stimulated synchronized cells exhibit a rapid increase in 3-hydroxy-3
      methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA reductase, EC 1.1.1.88) activity
      prior to the onset of DNA synthesis. Under normal culture conditions, HMG-CoA
      reductase activity exhibits wide variations among experiments. To determine
      whether this phenomenon is dependent on cell replication, we used J774 macrophage
      like cells to compare changes in reductase activity in cells synchronized by
      serum deprivation and then growth-stimulated by fresh media containing serum to
      unsynchronized cells treated with fresh media and serum. Under these conditions,
      no increase in [3H]thymidine incorporation into cell DNA was seen in
      unsynchronized cells, but a large increase was observed in synchronized cells 10
      12 h after media change. Although the growth characteristics differed between the
      cells, reductase activity was low at the time of media change and increased 10 to
      20-fold 5-10 h after media change, returning to basal levels by 24 h in both
      synchronized and unsynchronized cells. This pattern of reductase activity was
      observed in unsynchronized cells from a variety of cell lineages, although the
      magnitude of the changes varied. Fluctuations of [14C]acetate incorporation into
      cholesterol were observed in parallel to alterations in reductase activity. LDL
      receptor expression also paralleled the changes in reductase activity, but
      scavenger receptor expression was not affected. Addition of lipoproteins at the
      time of media change inhibited the rise in reductase activity by 80-90%. The
      increase in reductase activity was not due to a stimulation of cholesterol efflux
      into the medium, but evidence for the secretion into the media of an inhibitory
      factor was obtained. These results suggest that cell requirements for cholesterol
      are not always directly related to replication, and that standard culture
      conditions induce transient fluctuations in reductase activity and lipoprotein
      receptor expression.

PMID- 3401510
TI  - Phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of human retinoblastoma
      cells: correlation with metabolic indices.
AB  - The 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of cultured human Y-79 retinoblastoma
      cells was obtained at 121 MHz on intact cells trapped in agarose threads. The
      spectrum was dominated by monoester peaks, which varied in relative concentration
      from preparation to preparation. Resonances from phosphocreatine, phosphodiesters
      and diphosphodiesters also exhibited variability relative to ATP. The main
      monoester was identified as phosphorylcholine by 31P-NMR of perchloric acid
      extracts. It was determined that the changes in monoester concentration
      correlated with feeding pattern. Phosphorus spectra of cells 1, 2 and 3 days post
      feeding showed a 40% decrease in the relative concentration of phosphorylcholine
      concentration over the 3 day period. Phosphocreatine, phosphodiesters and
      diphosphodiesters increased relative to ATP during the same period. Growth curve
      experiments and oxygen consumption measurements indicated that the decrease in
      phosphorylcholine correlated with a decrease in cellular growth and oxygen
      consumption. We conclude that monoester concentration may be a useful indicator
      of nutritional status in these cells and possibly in intact tumors.

PMID- 3401511
TI  - Purification of the intact monomeric 110 kDa form of the androgen receptor from
      calf uterus to near homogeneity.
AB  - In the present study, calf uterine tissue has been used for isolation of androgen
      receptors. This tissue appeared to be a favourable source for large-scale
      purification of androgen receptors, because of the relatively high level of
      androgen receptors and the low concentration of proteolytic enzymes. The
      purification involved differential phosphocellulose and DNA affinity
      chromatography as first steps. The non-transformed receptor was passed through
      these matrices in order to remove contaminating DNA-binding proteins. After a
      transformation step to the DNA-binding state, the receptor was bound to DNA
      cellulose and subsequently eluted with MgCl2. A 0.5% pure androgen receptor
      preparation was obtained. Photoaffinity labelling with [3H]R1881
      (methyltrienolone) was used to determine the size of the receptor at this stage
      of purification and during the following steps. Subsequently, isoelectric
      focussing of the partially purified androgen receptor preparation in an aqueous
      glycerol gradient was performed. In this step, the progesterone receptor, which
      is copurified with the androgen receptor protein during the first part of the
      purification procedure, focussed at pH 5.5 while the androgen receptor could be
      isolated at pH 5.8. The isoelectric focussing procedure could be applied in a
      preparative way for further purification of androgen receptors. After this step
      an approx. 8% pure preparation was obtained. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
      of S-carboxymethylated androgen receptor was used as the final purification step.
      The [3H]methyltrienolone labelled androgen receptor from calf uterus was purified
      to homogeneity and consisted of one polypeptide with a molecular mass of 110 kDa.

PMID- 3401512
TI  - Nonactivated and activated glucocorticoid receptor complexes from human salivary
      gland adenocarcinoma cell line.
AB  - [3H]Triamcinolone acetonide glucocorticoid receptor complexes from human salivary
      gland adenocarcinoma cells (HSG cells) were shown to be activated with an
      accompanying decrease in molecular weight in intact cells, as analyzed by gel
      filtration, DEAE chromatography, the mini-column method and glycerol gradient
      centrifugation. Glucocorticoid receptor complexes consist of steroid-binding
      protein (or glucocorticoid receptor) and non-steroid-binding factors such as the
      heat-shock protein of molecular weight 90,000. To determine whether the steroid
      binding protein decreases in molecular weight upon activation, affinity labeling
      of glucocorticoid receptor in intact cells by incubation with [3H]dexamethasone
      21-mesylate, which forms a covalent complex with glucocorticoid receptor, was
      performed. Analysis by gel filtration and a mini-column method indicated that
      [3H]dexamethasone 21-mesylate-labeled receptor complexes can be activated under
      culture conditions at 37 degrees C. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of
      [3H]dexamethasone 21-mesylate-labeled steroid-binding protein resolved only one
      specific 92 kDa form. Furthermore, only one specific band at 92 kDa was detected
      in the nuclear fraction which was extracted from the cells incubated at 37
      degrees C. These results suggest that there is no change in the molecular weight
      of steroid-binding protein of HSG cell glucocorticoid receptor complexes upon
      activation and that the molecular weight of nuclear-binding receptor does not
      change, although the molecular weight of activated glucocorticoid receptor
      complexes does decrease. Triamcinolone acetonide induced an inhibitory effect on
      DNA synthesis in HSG cells. Dexamethasone 21-mesylate exerted no such effect and
      blocked the action of triamcinolone acetonide on DNA synthesis. These results
      suggests that dexamethasone 21-mesylate acts as antagonist of glucocorticoid in
      HSG cells. The fact that dexamethasone 21-mesylate-labeled receptor complexes
      could be activated and could bind to DNA or nuclei as well as triamcinolone
      acetonide-labeled complexes suggests that dexamethasone 21-mesylate-labeled
      complexes can not induce specific gene expression after their binding to DNA.

PMID- 3401513
TI  - On the significance of correlations among neuronal spike trains.
AB  - We consider several measures for the correlation of firing activity among
      different neurons, based on coincidence counts obtained from simultaneously
      recorded spike trains. We obtain explicit formulae for the probability
      distributions of these measures. This allows an exact, quantitative assessment of
      significance levels, and thus a comparison of data obtained in different
      experimental paradigms. In particular it is possible to compare stimulus-locked,
      and therefore time dependent correlations for different stimuli and also for
      different times relative to stimulus onset. This allows to separate purely
      stimulus-induced correlation from intrinsic interneuronal correlation. It further
      allows investigation of the dynamic characteristics of the interneuronal
      correlation. For the display of significance levels or the corresponding
      probabilities we propose a logarithmic measure, called "surprise".

PMID- 3401515
TI  - Spontaneous symmetry-breaking energy functions and the emergence of orientation
      selective cortical cells.
AB  - The mammalian visual cortex is comprised of "hypercolumns" of orientation
      selective cells. The developmental process by which cells are generated with
      receptive fields tuned to a variety of orientations has so far remained a
      mystery. We present a model for the production of orientation selective cells
      that requires no external stimuli and a minimum of input parameters. The process
      involves spontaneous symmetry-breaking in an energy function that governs the
      maturation of the cortical cells in a multi-layer network of Hebb-type
      feedforward neurons. An important feature is that the symmetry breaking occurs
      for each cell separately and is not due to global organizing effects. We present
      examples of receptive field profiles calculated with the symmetry-breaking
      procedure and note that the results seem robust and may be useful in the study of
      development in several types of cortical cells. The inclusion of long range
      lateral (intra-layer) correlations in the energy function could result in the
      development of cell groups with correlated preferred orientations that resemble
      the hypercolumns seen in the visual cortex.

PMID- 3401514
TI  - Spatial organization and genetic information in brain development.
AB  - In the course of brain development neurons acquire qualitative and quantitative
      biochemical and morphological properties which depend on the position of the
      cells within the nervous system. In the dimensions tangential to multilayered
      cell sheets mechanisms contributing to spatial order include induction by
      adjacent tissue as well as internal generation of morphogenetic fields
      (presumably by reactions involving autocatalysis and lateral inhibition). In the
      dimensions across the sheet cells of different types are produced in one layer
      and sort into another layer, guided presumably by contact mediated cell
      interaction. Positional and directional cues encoded in the developing brain are
      essentially involved in axonal guidance and the formation of neuronal
      connections. In mammals and man, the number of neurons and their connections in
      the brain is much higher than the number of genes. This is possible because there
      are repetitive neuronal circuits in the brain, and there is topographic order of
      connections between different brain areas. For instance, few quantitatively
      graded markers would suffice for specifying the projection of one area of the
      nervous system onto another, generating spatial order for a large number of
      fibers while requiring only a limited amount of genetic information. Higher brain
      functions, such as learning and memory, may logically require only a neural
      network consisting of repetitive subunits. On the other hand, it is an
      evolutionary advantage for an organism to be endowed, from the outset, with a
      pattern of neural connections which is subtly and quantitatively tuned for
      efficiency in dealing with the environment, while remaining flexible for change
      and adaptation in the course of learning.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3401516
TI  - Solving a combinatorial problem via self-organizing process: an application of
      the Kohonen algorithm to the traveling salesman problem.
AB  - We present an application of the Kohonen algorithm to the traveling salesman
      problem: Using only this algorithm, without energy function nor any parameter
      chosen "ad hoc", we found good suboptimal tours. We give a neural model version
      of this algorithm, closer to classical neural networks. This is illustrated with
      various numerical examples.

PMID- 3401517
TI  - Lack of homogeneity of receptive fields of visual neurons in the cortical area 18
      of the cat.
AB  - The receptive fields of "complex" neurons within area 18 of the cerebral cortex
      of the cat were determined by a computer-assisted method using a moving light bar
      substantially shorter than the long diameter of the receptive field as a visual
      stimulus. The visual cells repeatedly generated nerve impulses when the stimulus
      crossed well-defined "active points" within their receptive fields. Outside of
      these active points, the cells remained silent. It is suggested that the
      receptive fields are formed by a discontinuous accumulation of such active
      points. When the electrical activities of two neighbouring visual neurons are
      recorded simultaneously, their active points do not coincide. In addition, some
      active points were located outside the most prominent excitatory part of the
      receptive field of the studied cells. Individual visual cells typically differ in
      the number and distribution of active points. Since these cells best respond to a
      stimulus moving in a certain direction, it is suggested that they may act as
      direction of movement and/or velocity detectors. Alternate firing of a number of
      neighboring cells connected to a distributed pattern of peripheral receptors may
      form a system which is able to code for velocity and direction of the moving
      stimulus.

PMID- 3401518
TI  - Observations on phase-locking within the response of primary muscle spindle
      afferents to pseudo-random stretch.
AB  - In order to uncover encoder properties of primary muscle spindle afferent fibers,
      time coupling (phase-locking) of action potentials on cyclic muscle stretch was
      studied by means of pseudo-random noise. In cats Ia action potentials were
      recorded from dorsal root filaments and the gastrocnemius muscles of one hind leg
      were stretched. The stimulus time course was a determined sequence of randomly
      varying muscle length which could be applied repeatedly (sequence duration 0.6 or
      20 s). The noise amplitude sigma (standard deviation of displacements) was varied
      between 5 and 300 micron, the upper cut-off frequency of noise fc was varied
      between 20 and 100 Hz. The responses to the consecutive pseudo-random noise
      cycles were displayed as raster diagrams and cycle histograms. Phase-locking
      characterized the responses at all noise amplitudes outside the near threshold
      range (sigma greater than 10 micron). The higher sigma and fc, the stronger was
      the phase-locking of impulses on the stretch. When sigma and fc were selected to
      achieve high mean stretch velocities of about 500 mm/s, phase-locking was as
      precise as 0.15 ms, measured as the variability of spike occurrences with respect
      to stretch. The rasters obtained with low noise amplitudes (less than 40 micron)
      showed a loose phase-locking and this gave insight into underlying mechanisms:
      The elicitation of action potentials caused by dynamic stretch can be prevented
      by a post-spike depression of excitability. This disfacilitation was very
      effective in counteracting weak stretch components within the random sequence and
      less effective or even missing when relatively strong stretch components could
      force the spike elicitation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3401519
TI  - Muscular dysgenesis in fowl: ultrastructural study of skeletal muscles in the
      crooked neck dwarf (cn/cn) mutant.
AB  - In vivo evolutive aspects of muscular dysgenesis were studied in normal and
      crooked neck dwarf (cn/cn) 7.5- to 20-day chick embryos. Wing, leg and breast
      muscles were processed for electron microscopy. It appears that the effects of
      the gene cn are expressed in the multinucleated cells as fine structural
      aberrations. Dilatation of the sarcotubular system, partial loss of the
      contractile elements and malorganization of the myofibrils are the major
      anomalies observed from day 7.5 to 18 of incubation. These changes do not
      constitute an abrupt phenomenon. Normal and diseased multinucleated cells always
      coexist in the same muscle specimen; however the frequency of the pathological
      cells augments with time. At the end of the incubation period, the poorly
      organized muscle tissue contains only morbid muscle cells. Phagocytosis or
      autolysis are absent.

PMID- 3401520
TI  - The levator ani of the female rat: a suitable model for studying the effects of
      testosterone on the development of mammalian muscles.
AB  - The present results give evidence by using cytochemical markers of motor end
      plates (ChE, AchR) and ultrastructural techniques that the Levator ani (LA)
      muscle is also present in adult females: it is composed of differentiated and
      innervated fibres. A significant difference, both on the number of fibres per
      muscle (n) and on their average cross-sectional area (acsa), was observed between
      sexes:-male: n = 5300 +/- 687, acsa: 522 +/- 68.6 microns 2;-female: n = 565 +/-
      246.9, acsa: 68 +/- 8.6 microns 2. These results suggest that testosterone could
      control, at least partially, the number and the diameter of muscle fibres during
      development.

PMID- 3401521
TI  - Immunolocalization of matricial components during the early stages of chick
      embryonic liver development.
AB  - In the chick embryo, the first liver primordium is observed at the end of the
      second day of incubation. At 3 and 4 days, ultrastructural analysis of the
      primitive vascular spaces showed that the endothelial limiting plate was
      constituted by one or several cell layers. At the vascular pole of the
      hepatoblasts, mesenchymal cells and connective matrix, present as fibrillar and
      non fibrillar components, were closely associated. At 5 days, some vascular
      spaces were limited by a simple endothelial layer. The limiting plate was
      fenestrated and the connective matrix was reduced to rare collagen fibrils and
      fibers. Collagen types I, III, IV, procollagen type III, fibronectin and laminin
      were visualized in the perivascular spaces using immunoperoxidase labeling
      methods. These components were also detected in the endoplasmic reticulum of
      hepatoblastic, endothelial and mesenchymal cells. All these appeared to be
      involved in connective matrix synthesis. Comparing 4 and 5 days, we demonstrated
      that the number of cells showing intracellular labelling of matricial components
      dropped dramatically at 5 days, indicating a possible decrease of connective
      matrix synthesis. Quantification of parenchymal and vascular surfaces was carried
      out using a semi-automatic image analyzer on consecutive parasagittal sections
      chosen in the axial part of the embryonic liver. These measurements were
      performed in order to quantitate the vascular distribution pattern during early
      development of the liver. These combined immunomorphological studies and
      morphometrical analyses suggest that during embryogenesis of the liver the
      synthesis of connective matrix precedes and possibly initiates the vascular
      differentiation.

PMID- 3401522
TI  - Vitamin A induced bilateral asymmetries in triturus forelimb regenerates.
AB  - After amputation of both forelimb of young, postmetamorphic Triturus alpestris
      through the middle of the zeugopod, the left and right regenerates grew
      asynchronously. As a result of oral administration of vitamin A palmitate (250
      IU/gbw/day), from the 4th to the 13th dpa, the growth rate of the right
      regenerates was relatively higher than that of the left ones. Moreover, the
      percentage of skeletal abnormalities as well as proximodistal duplications
      (proximalizations), induced by vitamin A, was nearly twice as high in the right
      regenerates as compared to their left counterparts.

PMID- 3401523
TI  - Acupuncture update.

PMID- 3401524
TI  - P300 latency after ethanol ingestion in sons of alcoholics and in controls.
AB  - The magnitude and persistence of ethanol-induced increases in the latency of the
      P3 event-related potential from auditory stimuli were evaluated in 21 sons of
      alcoholic fathers (FHP) and 21 control sons of nonalcoholics (FHN) matched on
      demography and drinking history. The men were assessed at baseline, 70 min after
      imbibing a beverage, and 240 min after drinking, with observations carried out
      for each individual in 3 dosage conditions (placebo, 0.75 ml/kg of ethanol, and
      1.1 ml/kg of ethanol). There were no family group differences for baseline
      (prechallenge) P3 latencies, nor any significant group differences after placebo
      or low-dose ethanol challenges. However, in the high alcohol dose challenge
      condition, P3 latencies for FHP subjects returned toward baseline measures more
      quickly than for FHN men. These results are consistent with previous reports of
      behavioral and biochemical measures in which FHP subjects demonstrated less
      intense reactions or returned toward baseline conditions more rapidly after
      ethanol ingestion relative to the FHN controls.

PMID- 3401525
TI  - Effect of recovery on the cortisol circadian rhythm of depressed patients.

PMID- 3401526
TI  - Uric acid: a participating factor in the symptoms of hyperactivity.

PMID- 3401527
TI  - RBC folic acid levels and cognitive performance in elderly patients: a
      preliminary report.

PMID- 3401528
TI  - Age of illness onset and sleep EEG variables in elderly depressives.

PMID- 3401529
TI  - ECT instrumentation.

PMID- 3401530
TI  - Nicotine and panic attacks.

PMID- 3401531
TI  - Manic tempo misperceptions.

PMID- 3401532
TI  - Withdrawal NMS after drug treatment.

PMID- 3401533
TI  - Paternal influence on timing of pronuclear DNA synthesis in naturally ovulated
      and fertilized mouse eggs.
AB  - Fertilized oocytes of the inbred genotypes AKR (AK), C57BL/6 (B6), DBA/2 (D2),
      and CBA (CB) and the hybrid genotypes F1 (female AK X male B6) and F1 (female B6
      X male AK) were collected by flushing the oviducts of female mice every 2 h from
      2 until 26 h post coitum. Developmental stages of the embryos and DNA content of
      the pronuclei were estimated by morphological criteria and cytofluorometric
      measurement of the pronuclei (ethidium bromide-stained DNA), respectively. In all
      genotypes, S-phase started about 4 h post conception (h.p.c.). The duration of S
      phase amounted to 5.9 h (F1 [female B6 X male AK]), 6.4 h (AK), 8.5 h (B6), 9.4 h
      (F1 [female AK X male B6]), 9.8 h (D2), and 11.4 h (CB). In each of the
      reciprocal F1 hybrids, the length of S-phase differed from the maternal genotype
      (p less than 0.01) and resembled closely the paternal genotype (p greater than
      0.25). Cleavage from one-cell stage to two-cell stage occurred between 16 and 21
      h.p.c.

PMID- 3401534
TI  - Modulatory role of eicosanoids in vascular changes during the preovulatory period
      in the rat.
AB  - Previous studies have demonstrated the involvement of eicosanoids (prostaglandins
      and hydroxyperoxides, including leukotrienes) in ovulation in several mammalian
      species. In this study, the role played by eicosanoids in the vascular changes
      that occur in the immediate preovulatory period after human chorionic
      gonadotropin (hCG) stimulation was examined in the rat. Changes in the ovarian
      uptake of two iodinated proteins were examined 30 minutes after i.v. injection of
      125I-bovine serum albumin (BSA, Mr = 68,000) and 125I-alpha 2-macroglobulin
      (alpha 2M, Mr = 750,000). Uptake was measured during 30 min, 0, 3, 6, and 9 h
      after induction of ovulation by an i.p. injection of human chorionic gonadotropin
      (hCG, 10 IU). hCG enhanced the uptake of both iodinated proteins, with peak
      uptake values at 6 and 9 h. Intra-bursal injections of an ovulation inhibiting
      dose (0.5 mg/bursa) of indomethacin-a cycooxygenase inhibitor-and
      nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), esculetin, or caffeic acid--inhibitors of
      lipoxygenase--concomitantly with hCG attenuated the action of the hormone on 125I
      BSA uptake. Indomethacin and esculetin were without effect on the uptake of alpha
      2M. Ovarian and follicular blood flow was measured using 113Sn-microspheres. hCG
      increased ovarian and follicular blood flow with the most pronounced effect at
      the early time of 1.5 h. Indomethacin and NDGA did not attenuate this action of
      hCG. Accordingly, ovarian vascular resistance was reduced by hCG at 1.5, 6, and 9
      h post-hCG, respectively, and indomethacin and NDGA had no significant effects.
      We suggest that one way in which eicosanoids are involved in follicular rupture
      is by their modulation of vascular permeability as revealed by uptake of the
      protein marker albumin.

PMID- 3401535
TI  - Characterization of plasma membrane lipids and luteinizing hormone receptors of
      ovine corpora lutea during luteolysis and early pregnancy.
AB  - Lipid composition of plasma membranes from luteal cells was examined to determine
      whether changes in this organelle occur during regression and maintenance of the
      corpus luteum in nonpregnant (NP) and pregnant (P) ewes, respectively. Forty ewes
      were assigned to be killed on Day 13 or 15 of the estrous cycle (D13-NP and D15
      NP) or pregnancy (D13-P and D15-P). Purification of luteal plasma membranes on
      discontinuous sucrose gradients yielded two fractions, designated F1 and F2, that
      exhibited the greatest enrichment of 5'-nucleotidase activity (five- and
      fourfold, respectively) over that of the homogenate. These fractions also yielded
      the lowest contamination by endoplasmic reticulum as represented by nicotinamide
      adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) cytochrome C reductase activity and
      mitochondrial membranes as indicated by succinate dehydrogenase activity.
      Predominant phospholipids identified in membranes obtained from all groups were
      phosphatidylcholine (PC, 48.9 +/- 0.6% of total phospholipid),
      phosphatidylethanolamine (PE, 33.3 +/- 0.4%), sphingomyelin (SPH, 9.7 +/- 0.3%),
      phosphatidylserine (PS, 3.5 +/- 0.2%), and phosphatidylinositol (PI, 4.0 +/-
      0.5%). No changes in microgram phospholipid/mg membrane protein were observed for
      any luteal phospholipid on D13 and 15 of the estrous cycle or pregnancy. No
      significant changes in the relative percentages of major fatty acids present in
      PC (palmitic [16:0], oleic [18:1]), PE (stearic [18:0], 18:1 and arachidonic
      [20:4]), or PS (18:0, 18:1, docosatetraenoic [22:4]), nor in the ratios of
      unsaturated (U) to saturated (S) fatty acids in these phospholipids were
      observed. Significant differences in unsaturated fatty acids of chain length
      greater than 20 carbons present in minor quantities in PC, PE, and PS were
      detected between NP and P ewes as well as between days within reproductive stage.
      The profile of major fatty acids present in PI revealed decreases in 18:0 and
      20:4 in D15-NP and increases in 22:4 and docosapentaenoic acid (22:5) in luteal
      membranes of both D13- and D15-NP ewes relative to the levels of these fatty
      acids in PI of corresponding groups of pregnant ewes. There was a general trend
      for 20:4 levels of PC and PI in membranes of D15-NP ewes to be inversely related
      to those of D15-P ewes. Collectively, these changes were reflected by an
      increased U:S fatty acid ratio in luteal membrane PI during the estrous cycle.
      Specific binding of [125I] iodo-human chorionic gonadotropin to luteal plasma
      membranes from NP and P ewes on D13 and 15 (6/group) revealed similar affinities
      and concentrations of unoccupied luteinizing hormone (LH) receptors.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3401536
TI  - Reproductive senescence in female rats: a longitudinal study of individual
      differences in estrous cycles and behavior.
AB  - The longitudinal pattern of reproductive senescence was described in individual
      female rats from 4 to 18-22 mo of age. There were two subgroups of rats with
      different patterns of aging. The Constant Estrus (CE) subgroup progressed through
      regular cycles, irregular cycles, and constant estrus, followed by a return to
      irregular cycles, and then persistent diestrus. In contrast, the Irregular
      subgroup skipped constant estrus, maintaining irregular cycles until they entered
      persistent diestrus. In both subgroups, irregular cycles were a transition
      between the major reproductive states, although the type of transition was
      different in each subgroup. In the CE subgroup, the transition was gradual,
      continuous, and began with the onset of irregular cycles. In contrast, in the
      Irregular subgroup, the transition did not begin until the end of irregular
      cycles, suggesting that the process of aging was delayed. Most rats entered
      constant lordosis, a state characterized by a strong lordosis reflex that could
      be elicited by manual palpation on each day. The CE subgroup maintained the state
      once they entered it, whereas the Irregular subgroup intermittently returned to a
      lordosis reflex intensity characteristic of young rats. In addition, in the CE
      subgroup, but not the Irregular subgroup, changes in lordosis reflex intensity
      during aging were coupled to changes in the proportion of estrogenized vaginal
      smears during the cycle.

PMID- 3401537
TI  - Bovine thecal cells secrete factor(s) that promote granulosa cell proliferation.
AB  - To determine if soluble factors (other than steroids) secreted by bovine thecal
      cells may be involved in local regulation of follicular development, we examined
      the effects of thecal cell secretory products on the growth of granulosa cells
      obtained from the same follicles. DNA synthesis (assessed by the incorporation of
      3H-thymidine) by granulosa cells plated on coverslips and cocultured with, but
      not directly in contact with, thecal cells in organ culture dishes in a serum
      free medium was 5-fold greater than controls. The effect of the thecal cell
      secreted products on DNA synthesis by granulosa cells was significantly higher
      than the maximum response produced by epidermal growth factor (EGF). Thecal cell
      conditioned medium stimulated 3H-thymidine incorporation into the DNA of
      granulosa cells and a normal rat kidney cell line in a dose-dependent manner. The
      increases in 3H-thymidine incorporation into granulosa cell DNA subsequently lead
      to an increase in cell number. Preliminary characterization studies using
      ultrafiltration membranes indicated that the mitogenic factor was retained in the
      greater than 10,000 molecular weight fraction. The activity was stable to heating
      at 90 degrees C for 5 min and was not extracted in ether. The thecal cell
      generated growth factor may act as a paracrine regulator of granulosa cell
      growth, thus providing the dominant follicle with autonomy over other follicles
      in the cohort.

PMID- 3401538
TI  - Partial characterization of a luteal factor that induces implantation in the
      ferret.
AB  - This study was designed to test the hypothesis that ferret corpora lutea (CL)
      secrete a compound that acts in conjunction with progesterone to induce
      blastocyst implantation and to identify the chemical nature of this compound. CL
      and the residual ovarian tissue, obtained predominantly on the ninth day of
      pseudopregnancy, were extracted with 0.05 M phosphate-buffered saline. The
      extracts were injected into pregnant ferrets that had been ovariectomized on Day
      6 of pregnancy and had received Silastic implants containing progesterone.
      Aqueous luteal extracts, but not those of the residual ovarian tissue, induced
      implantation in test animals. Fractionation of the luteal extracts by passage
      through a series of filters with molecular weight (MW) cutoffs ranging from 500
      to 50,000 consistently revealed that the biologically active fraction was
      retained on the filter with the highest MW cutoff employed. Moreover, blastocyst
      implantation failed to occur in ovariectomized, progesterone-treated ferrets
      after one-half of a luteal preparation (MW greater than 50,000) was incubated
      with a broad-spectrum protease. These data are consistent with the hypothesis
      that CL of the ferret secrete a protein during the preimplantation period that is
      essential for blastocyst implantation.

PMID- 3401539
TI  - Are ambient short-day cues necessary for puberty in a short-day breeder?
AB  - Some exposure to long days (LD) is necessary for female sheep to achieve puberty
      during short days (SD). In this regard, a 5-wk block of long days in lambs
      otherwise raised in short days will result in puberty at the normal age. In the
      present study, Suffolk lambs were raised in various artificial photoperiods to
      assess the role of short days. An increase in circulating progesterone to luteal
      phase levels was used as the criterion for puberty. Controls exposed to short
      days except for 5 wk of long days between 17 and 22 wk (SD-LD-SD) began
      repetitive reproductive cycles at the expected age (34 +/- 0.7 wk, mean +/- SE).
      When the final block of short days was eliminated and exposure to long days was
      continued after 22 wk of age (SD-LD-LD), puberty was delayed (41 +/- 0.8 wk of
      age). Removal of the first block of short days (LD-LD-SD) did not prevent normal
      puberty, and the initiation of cycles (29 +/- 0.9 wk) occurred earlier than in
      controls. Lambs in which the pineal gland was denervated at 22 wk so that it was
      unable to transduce short-day cues after exposure to long days (SD-LD-X)
      exhibited puberty at an age (33 +/- 1.2 wk) similar to that of controls.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3401540
TI  - Development of the sex difference in glandular kallikrein and prolactin levels in
      the anterior pituitary of the rat.
AB  - Glandular kallikrein is a major estrogen-induced and dopamine-repressed protein
      of the rat anterior pituitary that appears to originate from lactotrophs. This
      study examined the development of glandular kallikrein levels in the anterior
      pituitary in both female and male rats and compared it to anterior pituitary
      prolactin. In addition, the development of glandular kallikrein levels in the
      neurointermediate lobe of the pituitary and the kidney were also examined. During
      puberty, a dramatic surge in glandular kallikrein occurred in female anterior
      pituitaries (16- to 20-fold increase) and levels remained elevated thereafter.
      The dynamics of the increase were biphasic--glandular kallikrein increased
      between Day 30 and 45, plateaued between Days 45 and 55, and then increased again
      between Days 55 and 65. Female anterior pituitary prolactin increased 7- to 8
      fold during puberty. The rise during puberty was biphasic and was generally
      synchronized with increases in glandular kallikrein. However, the initial rise
      was proportionately less than that of glandular kallikrein, and the secondary
      surge was more dramatic. In contrast to females, anterior pituitary glandular
      kallikrein remained at low levels in male rats; prolactin levels also remained
      unchanged through puberty and increased moderately thereafter. Glandular
      kallikrein in the female neurointermediate lobe remained unchanged through Day
      55, almost doubled on Day 60, and returned to prepubertal levels by Day 65; males
      did not exhibit the transient surge in neurointermediate lobe levels. Starting at
      age 60 days, renal glandular kallikrein was found to be slightly higher (15-20%)
      in females than in males.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3401541
TI  - Kinetics of transferrin endocytosis and iron uptake by intact isolated rat
      seminiferous tubules and Sertoli cells in culture.
AB  - The receptor-mediated endocytotic cycle of rat and human transferrin has been
      studied in intact, isolated rat seminiferous tubules and Sertoli cells in
      culture. Double-labeled [( 59Fe125I]) transferrin has been used to study the fate
      of transferrin and iron. Diferric transferrin binds to the tubules and the
      cultured Sertoli cells and is internalized. The iron remains inside, while the
      transferrin recycles and is released into the medium. Although, as reported
      before (Wauben-Penris et al., 1986), "extra" binding sites for human transferrin
      exist as compared to rat transferrin, this does not result in extra uptake of
      transferrin or iron. Both rat and human transferrin transport iron into the cells
      and recycle back to the surface, and do so with identical kinetics. A striking
      difference has been found between the mean efficient recycling times of the
      transferrin receptors in intact tubules (90 min) and in Sertoli cells in culture
      (21 min). Possible explanations of this difference are discussed. Light
      microscopic autoradiography of [125 I]-labeled transferrin has revealed that the
      transferrin protein is excluded from the adluminal compartment, even after 21 h
      of incubation. This indicates that externally added transferrin itself does not
      deliver iron to the postmeiotic germ cells in intact, isolated rat seminiferous
      tubules.

PMID- 3401542
TI  - Quantitative light microscopic analysis of corpus luteum growth during
      pseudopregnancy in the rabbit.
AB  - We employed stereological methods at the light-microscope level to examine the
      mechanism by which corpora lutea (CL) grow during the course of pseudopregnancy
      in the rabbit. Corpus luteum volume per ovary, the absolute volume of luteal
      cells per CL, individual luteal cell volume, the number of luteal and endothelial
      cells per CL, and capillary surface area per CL were examined in rabbits at Days
      1, 4, 7, 11, and 18 of pseudopregnancy. Total CL volume increased from 3.7 +/-
      0.1 microliter to 30.3 +/- 0.5 microliter over Days 1 to 11 and thereafter
      decreased to 15.2 +/- 1.1 microliter by Day 18. Stereological analyses showed
      that the increases in CL volume from Day 1 to Day 11 were due primarily to
      increases in the volume of individual luteal cells (from 2.6 +/- 0.2 pl on Day 1
      to 23.5 +/- 1.7 pl on Day 11, 1 pl = (10 mu)3; r = 0.96), and that the decrease
      in CL volume after Day 11 resulted largely from a decrease in luteal cell volume
      (to 12.8 +/- 1.5 pl). In contrast, no change was seen in the number of luteal
      cells per CL (range 9.1 x 10(5)-12.5 x 10(5)). These data show that CL growth and
      subsequent regression during pseudopregnancy result primarily from changes in the
      volume of individual luteal cells, and not from changes in the number of luteal
      cells. These data support the hypothesis that modulation of progesterone
      production during pseudopregnancy is due to changes in individual luteal cell
      volume and not to changes in cell number.

PMID- 3401543
TI  - Culture of granulosa cells in collagen gels: the influence of cell shape on
      steroidogenesis.
AB  - The gonadotropic regulation of granulosa cells steroidogenesis in vitro has been
      shown to be accompanied by cellular rounding. In this study, the possible
      relationship between cell shape, microtubules, and granulosa cell steroidogenesis
      in vitro was further explored by culturing (24 h) granulosa cells obtained from
      antral follicles of pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin-treated rats in either
      Eagles's Minimum Essential Medium alone (MEM-cells) or in collagen gels (GEL
      cells) in the absence or presence of colchicine, a microtubule-depolymerizing
      agent previously shown to inhibit cell-spreading in vitro. Cellular morphology
      was assessed by electron microscopy and compared with that seen in vivo. In
      addition, the influence of the various culture conditions on progesterone and 20
      alpha-hydroxy-pregn-4-en-3-one (20 alpha-OH-progesterone) secretion was
      determined by specific radioimmunoassays. Whereas the majority of granulosa cells
      in sections of antral follicles appeared rounded in shape, cells cultured in MEM
      underwent considerable spreading and assumed a variety of shapes at the end of 24
      h of culture. GEL-cells, on the other hand, remained rounded and had cellular
      diameters only slightly larger than those observed in vivo. They also secreted
      more progesterone (almost 3-fold) and less 20 alpha-OH-progesterone (0.6-fold)
      than MEM-cells. Colchicine increased the secretion of progesterone (1.6-fold) and
      20 alpha-OH-progesterone (1.8-fold) comparably in MEM-cells but had no influence
      on the secretion of either progestin by GEL-cells. Hence, although colchicine
      stimulated progestin secretion by granulosa cell monolayers appeared to reflect
      increased metabolism of substrate-possibly due to a closer association between
      lipid droplets and mitochondria, the elevated secretion of progesterone by GEL
      cells may have been largely due to a shift in the equilibrium between
      progesterone and its inactive 20 alpha-reduced metabolite. The high ratio of 20
      alpha-OH-progesterone to progesterone secretion seen in MEM-cultured cells may be
      an adaptation of granulosa cell metabolism to culture as monolayers on plastic or
      glass surfaces. The morphology of GEL-rather than MEM-cells resembled closely
      that seen in vivo. This culture method may represent a more physiologic approach
      to the maintenance of granulosa and other steroidogenic cells in vitro and
      provide a more appropriate means of assessing cytoskeletal function in the
      regulation of steroid hormone production.

PMID- 3401544
TI  - The immunocytochemical localization of potential Z-DNA sites in human testicular
      tubule epithelium.
AB  - Z-DNA has been detected in several pro- and eukaryotic cells and possible roles
      in regulating transcriptional activity and meiotic recombination proposed. The
      present study examined the localization of reaction product to potential Z-DNA
      sites in human testicular tubule epithelium from three subjects using an avidin
      biotin complex (ABC)-immunoperoxidase method with a specific rabbit antibody
      previously shown to react with rat spermatogonial nuclei. A total of 46,626 cells
      were scored, of which 5656 were Sertoli cells. Eighty-six percent of
      spermatogonia in mitotic metaphase were found to be negative. Interphase
      spermatogonia identified as A dark or pale were positive in 93 and 92%,
      respectively, of cells, and this positivity persisted through B spermatogonia
      into meiosis. Of 8083 leptotene/zygotene spermatocytes, 99% were positive.
      Pachytene spermatocytes were 98% positive in the autosomal bivalents. First
      meiotic metaphase nuclei were negative (92%), as were almost all cells scored of
      the spermiogenic series (16,195). Nuclei of Sertoli cells had reaction product
      over the chromatin in 81% of 5656 cells, with no reaction product on the
      prominent nucleolus. The presence of potential Z-DNA sites in the genome of human
      spermatogenesis and Sertoli cells during known active stages of transcription
      (pachytene) and recombination (zygotene/pachytene) suggests a role for this
      conformation during these stages.

PMID- 3401547
TI  - Diethylstilbestrol-induced cervical and vaginal adenosis using the neonatal mouse
      model.
AB  - The relevance of diethylstilbestrol (DES) administration to neonatal mice as a
      model for human pathology attributed to the use of DES in high-risk pregnancies
      has been investigated, particularly with respect to cervical and vaginal changes
      in female offspring. Neonatal DES treatment of mice results in tonic pituitary
      gonadotropin release and continuous estrogen secretion by the ovary. Studies were
      designed to determine the effect of this altered ovarian endocrine activity on
      cervical and vaginal histopathology. Ovariectomy of DES-treated mice, with or
      without estradiol replacement, did not eliminate the lesions, nor did estrogen
      and progesterone administered in a regimen intended to mimic estrous cycle
      changes. Induction of the constant estrus state by neonatal estradiol benzoate or
      testosterone propionate administration or by exposure to constant light did not
      produce the type of vaginal or cervical changes seen in DES mice. Thus, altered
      ovarian function is apparently not required for the vaginal and cervical changes
      appearing in later life. A role for endogenous (or exogenous) ovarian hormones in
      the developmental progression toward normality is suggested.

PMID- 3401546
TI  - Steroidogenic capacity and ultrastructural morphology of cultured ovine luteal
      cells.
AB  - Corpora lutea were surgically collected from superovulated ewes 36 h post
      injection of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) (Day 2), dissociated (0.2%
      collagenase), plated, and maintained in culture Days 2-10 in Medium 199
      supplemented with 5% calf serum. Accumulation of progesterone in the cultures did
      not decrease (p greater than 0.05) from Day 3 (17.5 +/- 5.1 nmol/10(6) cells) to
      Day 10 (4.8 +/- 1.7 nmol/10(6) cells). Calf serum (5%) in the medium supported
      greater (p less than 0.05) progesterone production than fetal calf serum (5%) or
      medium without added serum. Steroidogenic cells did not increase (Days 2-10) in
      numbers, but increased (p less than 0.01) in mean cell diameter (Day 2, 11.7 +/-
      0.4 micron; Day 10, 24.5 +/- 1.6 micron). Steroidogenic capacity on Day 10 of
      cells cultured Days 2-10 (in vitro) was not different (p greater than 0.05) from
      that of cells collected from the ovary on Day 10 (in vivo); however,
      steroidogenic cells recovered from plates had greater (p less than 0.01) mean
      cell diameters (24.5 +/- 1.6 micron, in vitro, compared to 15.2 +/- 1.0 micron,
      in vivo). Transmission electron microscopy revealed that cultured cells (Days 5,
      10) possessed less smooth endoplasmic reticulum but more lipid droplet
      inclusions, ribosomes, and rough endoplasmic reticulum than cells obtained in
      situ (Day 10). Electron-dense secretory granules were rarely seen. Although
      subcellular morphology of ovine luteal cells in culture was altered, these
      changes did not appear to significantly affect the ability of these cells to
      produce progesterone.

PMID- 3401545
TI  - Juvenile spermatogonial depletion (jsd): a genetic defect of germ cell
      proliferation of male mice.
AB  - Adult C57BL/6J male mice homozygous for the mutant gene, juvenile spermatogonial
      depletion (jsd/jsd), show azoosper4ia and testes reduced to one-third normal
      size, but are otherwise phenotypically normal. In contrast, adult jsd/jsd females
      are fully fertile. This feature facilitated mapping the jsd gene to the
      centromeric end of chromosome 1; the gene order is jsd-Isocitrate dehydrogenase-1
      (Idh-1)-Peptidase-3 (Pep-3). Analysis of testicular histology from jsd/jsd mice
      aged 3-10 wk revealed that these mutant mice experience one wave of
      spermatogenesis, but fail to continue mitotic proliferation of type A
      spermatogonial cells at the basement membrane. As a consequence, histological
      sections of testes from mutant mice aged 8-52 wk showed tubules populated by
      modest numbers of Sertoli cells, with only an occasional spermatogonial cell.
      Some sperm with normal morphology and motility were observed in epididymides of
      6.5- but not in 8-wk or older mutants. Treatment with retinol failed to alter the
      loss of spermatogenesis in jsd/jsd mice. Analyses of serum hormones of jsd/jsd
      males showed that testosterone levels were normal at all ages--a finding
      corroborated by normal seminal vesicle and vas deferens weights, whereas serum
      follicle-stimulating hormone levels were significantly elevated in mutant mice
      from 4 to 20 wk of age. We hypothesize the jsd/jsd male may be deficient in
      proliferative signals from Sertoli cells that are needed for spermatogenesis.

PMID- 3401548
TI  - Response of the mouse uterus to nafoxidine stimulation: agonism and antagonism.
AB  - Nafoxidine (NAF) acts as an estrogen agonist or antagonist depending on the
      animal model used. In the CD-1 mouse uterus, a three-day uterine bioassay of NAF
      produced a bell-shaped dose response curve with a maximal uterine wet weight
      increase at 200 micrograms/kg; this dose produced only a fractional increase in
      uterine dry weight. Combination treatment with NAF and estradiol antagonized
      estradiol stimulation of both wet and dry weight parameters. The time course of
      uterine wet weight stimulation following a single injection of NAF had an early
      pattern (0-10 h) similar to that of estradiol. However, at later times after
      stimulation, the patterns changed dramatically: the low NAF dose (200
      micrograms/kg) returned to control levels by 24 h; estradiol and the high dose
      NAF (1.7 mg/kg) showed sustained stimulation, which peaked at 36 h with NAF
      compared to 24 h for estradiol. Nuclear estrogen receptor (ER) levels were
      measured after a single injection of 1.7 mg/kg NAF and showed a bimodal pattern
      similar to that seen with estradiol, with increases at 1 h and 8 h, although the
      overall ER levels were elevated above those seen with estradiol. Cytosolic ER
      levels with NAF decreased by 1 h and remained low up to 48 h. NAF treatment did
      stimulate uterine DNA and RNA synthesis, with a delayed time course compared to
      estradiol. DNA synthesis following a single 1.7 mg/kg dose of NAF was 2.5 times
      higher than that produced by 20 micrograms/kg estradiol. NAF treatment resulted
      in hypertrophy and hyperplasia in the luminal epithelium but not in the glandular
      epithelium. Long-term exposure to estradiol for 5 wk resulted in development of
      uterine cystic glandular hyperplasia and increased secretory activity; long-term
      exposure to NAF produced a more significant tissue hyperplasia but no secretions.
      These studies show that NAF stimulates some of the receptor-mediated responses
      attributed to an estrogen agonist in the mouse uterus; but, when co-administered
      with estradiol, NAF antagonizes some aspects of estrogen action.

PMID- 3401549
TI  - Acrosomal constituents identified with a monoclonal antibody are modified during
      late spermiogenesis in the mouse.
AB  - Monoclonal antibody 1D4, a mouse immunoglobulin M raised against CD-1 mouse
      spermatogenic cell membranes, recognizes acrosomal constituents in the mouse,
      rabbit, and guinea pig. In the mouse, acrosomes of round and condensing
      spermatids were labeled with 1D4 by indirect immunofluorescence on isolated cells
      and by immunohistochemistry on paraffin sections. During the terminal steps of
      spermiogenesis, however, acrosomal labeling in mouse germ cells was lost. Little
      or no 1D4 immunoreactivity was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in
      prepubertal testes, Sertoli cells, or several somatic tissues. To identify
      antigens recognized by 1D4, mouse spermatogenic cell proteins were separated by
      one- (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis,
      transferred to nitrocellulose, and immunostained. Multiple antigens larger than
      200,000 relative molecular weight (Mr) were resolved on 1D immunoblots from round
      and condensing spermatids isolated by sedimentation velocity at unit gravity. A
      smaller antigen (Mr 85,000 isoelectric point approximately 5.7) was also detected
      on 1D and 2D immunoblots of round spermatid proteins. These antigens can be
      labeled biosynthetically with [3H] glucosamine and immunoprecipitated, suggesting
      that they are a set of glycoconjugates that share a common epitope recognized by
      1D4. This determinant is no longer detectable in late spermatids, indicating that
      biochemical modifications of acrosomal constituents occur during the terminal
      steps of germ cell differentiation.

PMID- 3401550
TI  - [Frequency adaptation of an artificial pacemaker by a volume-control loop].

PMID- 3401551
TI  - [A new electromyography measuring and training instrument with automatic data
      storage for amputees].

PMID- 3401552
TI  - [Control for increasing safety from interference in unipolar pacemakers against
      static voltage].

PMID- 3401553
TI  - Frictional models for stochastic simulations of proteins.

PMID- 3401554
TI  - The origin of the A to B transition in DNA fibers and films.

PMID- 3401555
TI  - Equilibrium dialysis study of binding of hexammine cobalt(III) to DNA.

PMID- 3401556
TI  - Vasopressin conformational fluctuations: a molecular dynamics study.

PMID- 3401557
TI  - Study of the bisintercalation of the antitumor drug ditercalinium by 31P-NMR.

PMID- 3401558
TI  - [Neuro-pathophysiologic effects during primary hyperactivation of the bed nucleus
      of the stria terminalis in the rat brain].
AB  - Penicillin administration into the bed nucleus of stria terminalis (BNST) in the
      rat brain caused epileptiform activity (EpA)--the formation of the generator of
      pathologically enhanced excitation (GPEE) in the nucleus. GPEE was registered
      during the first 3 days. EpA was also detected in the amygdala during 5-8 days,
      and in the hippocamp during the whole period of registration (2-3 weeks). There
      was the generalized enhancement of synchronized EpA in the range of 6-10
      oscillations per s., in some cases with high-amplitude spindle (7-8 oscillations
      per s.). 50% of animals had emotional behavioural disorders, a marked fear
      reaction was observed for a month and more. Some animals demonstrated psychotic
      like paroxysms with the elements of stereotypy accompanied by high-frequency low
      amplitude EpA. It is suggested that when a primary GPEE in BNST is formed, the
      structures of septo-hippocampal system (BNST, amygdala, hippocamp) play a role of
      pathological determinants under the influence of which the pathological system
      consisting of a number of limbic and extrapyramidal structures is formed. Its
      activity is clinically manifested in the complex polymorphic neuropathological
      syndrome.

PMID- 3401559
TI  - [Interaction of labeled estrogens with receptors in the cytosol of the human
      uterus].
AB  - A comparative study of binding of labelled estrone, estradiol, ethinylestradiol
      and estriol was conducted in uterine cytosol of postmenopausal women.

PMID- 3401560
TI  - [Effect of quinolinic acid on neurons in dissociated cultures of cells of
      different structures of the brain].
AB  - Using neurohistological and cytochemical methods in the living cells, the
      peculiarities of the action of endogenous neurotoxin, quinolinic acid (QUIN), on
      the neurons developing in the cell cultures of the hippocamp, neocortex and
      septum have been investigated in 17-19-day-old mouse embryos. The addition of 500
      microM of QUIN on the 21st--22nd day into the nutrition medium in vitro resulted
      in the rapid destruction of neurons localized in glioneuronal aggregates, while
      the isolated nervous cells as well as septal cholinergic neurons remained intact.
      At earlier stages of cultivation (up to 2 weeks) QUIN did not provoke
      degenerative changes in the cultivated neurons. The comparison of our results
      with the literary data suggests that in nervous cell cultures QUIN, having mature
      synaptic connections with afferent nervous fibers, causes destruction of neurons.

PMID- 3401561
TI  - [Effect of alcoholic intoxication of female mice prior to pregnancy on the
      ultrastructure of neurons in the sensorimotor cortex of the progeny].
AB  - Sensorimotor cortex in the offspring of female rats alcoholized in the
      prepregnancy period revealed signs of delayed neuronal development and dystrophic
      changes in the neurons especially on the 14th day after birth. In 21-day-old
      animals the reparative changes increased, but normalization of neuronal
      ultrastructure was not observed. The dystrophic changes suggest that prenatal
      brain hypoxia plays an important role in the pathogenesis of alcohol-induced
      neuronal lesions in the offspring.

PMID- 3401562
TI  - [Effect of chronic alcoholism on the state of the microcirculatory bed of the
      myocardium].
AB  - Ultrastructure of myocardial capillaries of rats was studied in cases of chronic
      alcohol intoxication, experimental alcoholic cardiomyopathy (ACM) and its
      correction with antioxidants (vitamin E, dibunol). Alterations in the
      microcirculatory bed were similar in all groups of animals irrespective of
      disturbances in cardiomyocytes. Cardiomyocyte ultrastructure was improved after
      treatment with antioxidants, but capillary bed was the same as in untreated
      animals. High dibunol doses caused the onset of perivascular sclerosis.
      Disturbances in the microcirculatory bed are, probably, the first step in the
      determination of ACM pathogenesis and therapy of ACM must be directed at the
      correction of both alterations of cardiomyocytes and capillary bed.

PMID- 3401563
TI  - [Morphometric analysis of the mitochondria of cardiomyocytes in normal states and
      in postischemic reperfusion].
AB  - The analysis of mean values of mitochondrial parameters calculated according to
      the formula measuring the number of particles in 1 cubic micron has suggested
      that in cardiomyocytes during reperfusion mitochondria can be described as
      ellipsoids, whose length is comparable with the length of sarcomeres, and
      unaffected cardiomyocytes as long bent structures. The volume of one
      mitochondrion and the surface of mitochondria in 1 cubic micron of sarcoplasm in
      control and affected cardiomyocytes were identical. The surface of one
      mitochondrion during postischemic reperfusion was decreased and the number of
      mitochondria in 1 cubic micron of sarcoplasm was higher than in the control. It
      is suggested that the damage of cells is associated with an increase in the
      number and total volume of mitochondria as a result of their lacing and an
      increase in the volume of each "daughter" mitochondrion up to the volume of the
      initial mitochondria.

PMID- 3401564
TI  - [Polymorphism of smooth muscle cells in atheromatous plaques of the human aorta].
AB  - The expression of cell cytoskeleton proteins in atheromatous plaques of human
      aorta was investigated using double immunofluorescence technique and a set of
      antibodies. It was found that in 4 out of 12 plaques some smooth muscle cells
      (SMC) were stained by monoclonal antibodies to desmin. No such cells were
      detected in apparently unaffected aortic intima. In addition to typical SMC and
      these cells, the cells unstained by antisera to smooth muscle myosin but reacting
      with monoclonal antibodies to vimentin and SMC surface were revealed in all
      plaques adjacent to the central fatty mass.

PMID- 3401565
TI  - [Quantitative morphometric evaluation of the muscular coat of arteries taking
      into account their functional state].
AB  - The method is suggested for the quantitative characteristics of dynamic vascular
      tone. It allows the determination of a degree of vascular vasoconstriction as a
      definite value--an index. This index is determined as real area of vascular cross
      sections to their maximum possible area ratio with the inner elastic membrane
      fully straightened. The index determined in such a way permits to assess
      quantitatively the degree of vascular vasoconstriction, which is independent of
      the vascular diameter.

PMID- 3401566
TI  - [A method of continuous registration of heat production of the heart].
AB  - A new method of continuous registration of the cardiac heat production was
      developed for the quantitative assessment of the levels of metabolic processes in
      cardiac hemodynamic reactions. The method is based on the technique of coronary
      arteries catheterization and extracorporeal perfusion, coronary sinus
      catheterization with a special catheter equipped with miniature-temperature
      transducer and a device designed for transformation of blood temperature values
      into the electrical signals. The data on the changes in cardiac heat production
      during cardiovascular adrenergic reactions and in conditions of acute myocardial
      ischemia have been obtained. It has been shown that changes in myocardial heat
      production depend significantly on the direction of shifts in the cardiac
      function and associated alterations in the level of myocardial metabolic
      processes.

PMID- 3401568
TI  - [Electrostimulation of the phrenic nerve in dogs].
AB  - Respiratory parameters have been studied by electrical stimulation of phrenic
      nerves (EPN) in 12 dogs. The optimal parameters of an electrical stimulus were
      found for long-term EPN. EPN increased minute respiratory volume, when
      respiratory rate raised to 18 per min, and decreased, when respiratory rate
      diminished to 6 per min. Another parameter--oxygen utilization index--diminished
      at high respiratory rate and increased at low one, which reflected hyper- or
      hypoventilation status, respectively. The data obtained indicate that controlled
      lung ventilation may maintain living status of dogs for a long time without
      alteration of general respiratory parameters.

PMID- 3401567
TI  - [Changes in the metabolism of biogenic amines in rats with varying resistance to
      stress, subjected to prenatal hypoxia].

PMID- 3401570
TI  - [Modulating effect of opioid peptides on hemopoiesis in stress].
AB  - The influence of leu-enkephalin and dalargin on the blood system was studied
      during immobilization stress in mice. The early transmitted reactions of the
      peripheral blood were shown to decrease upon single drug infusions after
      immobilization. At later terms the activation of bone marrow hematopoiesis was
      not registered in mice receiving opioid peptides in contrast to the control
      animals. It correlates with drug-induced decrease in the mitotic activity of bone
      marrow cells. Suppressive effect of opioids on hematopoiesis during stress was
      connected with their decreasing effect on corticosteroid level in the animal
      plasma. The latter can suggest indirect influence of enkephalins on bone marrow
      hematopoiesis in immobilization stress.

PMID- 3401571
TI  - [Immunochemical detection and characteristics of the subunit composition of
      phenylalanine hydroxylase in the brain of man].
AB  - Immunochemical properties and subunit structure of an antigen were characterized
      in autopsy specimens of human liver and brain, using antiserum against human
      phenylalanine hydroxylase. An identical antigen was revealed in extracts of
      organs by immunoelectrophoresis. Its content was 1.5-2.0 mg/g tissue in the liver
      and 20-40 micrograms/g tissue in the brain. One L enzyme subunit and two H
      subunits were identified in the liver extracts after two-dimensional
      electrophoresis followed by immunoblotting. Subunit structure of phenylalanine
      hydroxylase in the brain was similar to that in the liver. The molecular weight
      of L subunit was 55,000 and it was located in the same area as albumin isoforms.
      The molecular weight of H subunits was 57,000 and they differed from L subunits
      in pI. The antigen was purified from crude extracts of biopsy liver by affinity
      chromatography on immunoadsorbent to phenylalanine hydroxylase and showed
      phenylalanine hydroxylase activity. An antigen with similar molecular weight was
      also purified from the brain extract by the same method. These data suggest that
      phenylalanine hydroxylase can be present in the human brain.

PMID- 3401569
TI  - [Sexual dimorphism in reactions to stress during regular and altered
      photoperiods].
AB  - Sexual dimorphism of rats in response to physiological stress influences was
      discovered. The emotional stress in female animals caused a sharp intensification
      of synthesis and corticosterone secretion, while in males there was an increase
      only in hormone synthesis and not its secretion. Females are more sensitive even
      to short-term changes in photoperiod. Stress reaction in females under conditions
      of three-day light depressed sharply and increased under conditions of three-day
      darkness. Stress reaction in males did not change under these conditions. The
      reactivity of adaptation system in females shortens the period of adaptation to
      the altered illumination regimen, which is manifested in the restoration of
      typical stress reactions. In males, refractoriness to weak stress influences
      lengthens the period of adaptation, which is manifested in the suppression of
      typical stress reaction observed in males.

PMID- 3401572
TI  - [Functioning of the monooxygenase system of the liver in experimental myocardial
      infarct].
AB  - The experiments on rats have shown that coronary artery ligation reduces the
      content of microsomal cytochromes P-450 and b5 and causes amidopyrine-N
      demethylation and aniline-p-hydroxylation disturbances that persist throughout a
      3-week period of myocardial infarction. The investigation of spontaneous lipid
      peroxidation of microsomal membranes in myocardial infarction has shown that
      concentration of malonic dialdehyde in microsomal fraction significantly
      increased by the 7th day after coronary artery ligation, as compared to sham
      operated rats.

PMID- 3401573
TI  - [Dynamics of acid phosphatase activity in the liver in the process of involution
      of cirrhosis].
AB  - Changes in the total activity of acid phosphatase in the liver as well as changes
      in the enzyme activity in hepatocytes and connective tissue cells of fibrosis
      layers were investigated, using quantitative histochemical method, in the process
      of mouse cirrhosis involution. After discontinuation of CCl4 injection, the
      animals with cirrhosis were divided into two groups. In the first group the
      resection of the left lobe of the liver was performed. The animals of the second
      group were not subject to operation. The results demonstrate that there is a
      close correlation between lysosomal hydrolase activity of hepatocytes and
      connective tissue cells of the liver and collagen resorption during cirrhosis
      involution. The most intensive lysis of collagen takes place within the first
      three weeks of cirrhosis involution in both experimental groups. Partial
      resection in cirrhosis has no significant effect on the changes and level of
      total activity of lysosomal hydrolase enzymes in the liver during cirrhosis
      involution.

PMID- 3401574
TI  - [Effect of plant growth regulators, hydrazine derivatives, on the state of the
      microsomal systems of the liver].
AB  - Hydrazine derivatives (Gidrel, Digidrel and DMMH) at a dose of 1/10 (LD50)
      inhibit microsomal oxidation, decrease superoxide dismutase activity and activate
      lipid peroxidation in the rat hepatic microsomes. At the same dose level maleic
      hydrazide has no effect on the indices studied. The role of superoxide-superoxide
      dismutase system in the mechanism of microsomal oxidation inhibition by hydrazine
      derivatives is discussed.

PMID- 3401576
TI  - [Role of monoaminoxidase in the intensification of peroxidation of lipids in
      mitochondria during experimental myocardial necrosis].
AB  - The relationship between lipid peroxidation and rat heart mitochondrial monoamine
      oxidase activity was studied in experimental myocardial necrosis induced by
      adrenaline injection. It has been established that both the intensity of
      peroxidation and the activity of monoamine oxidase in mitochondria from
      adrenaline-injured rat myocardium were essentially increased. The preliminary
      administration of antioxidants (vitamin E and ionol) was shown to decrease both
      the intensity of lipid peroxidation and the activity of monoamine oxidase. It is
      suggested that intensification of lipid peroxidation which is considered to be
      the main pathogenic factor in ischemic myocardial injury depends on mitochondrial
      monoamine oxidase activity. Protective effects of antioxidants are realized by
      the action on two subsequent chains during the formation of active oxygen forms
      and destruction of lipid peroxidation products.

PMID- 3401577
TI  - [Bioavailability of dalargin and its metabolism during intranasal administration
      to rats].
AB  - Bioavailability and metabolism of a peptide drug Dalargin with a chemical
      structure Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-Phe-Leu-Arg have been examined. Dalargin is applied for
      the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers. Bioavailability was estimated
      following intramuscular (i/m) and intranasal (i/n) routes of administration of 3H
      dalargin in anesthetized dogs. The highest dalargin concentration was achieved
      about 10 min after i/m and i/n administration. Absolute dalargin bioavailability
      was 15% and 8%, while its elimination half-life was 23.2 min and 21.3 min,
      respectively. Tyrosine, N-terminated tetra- and pentapeptides were the main
      metabolites detected in the blood. The intranasal route of dalargin
      administration is concluded to be possible in the clinical practice.

PMID- 3401575
TI  - [Change in potassium ion homeostasis of the crystalline lens in mice with
      hereditary cataracts (the CatFr line)].
AB  - Fraeser mouse lens morphology and potassium homeostasis were studied. It was
      shown that just at the age of one month mouse lens exposed "bull" cells which
      could be observed in patients with senile cataract as well. Nucleated fusiform
      extended cells were found 4 months later in the central part of the lens which
      was not typical for this part of the whole normal lens. Studied homogenates of 34
      mice with hereditary cataract demonstrated statistically significant increase
      (1.5-fold about) in K+-content estimated for the whole lens weight as compared to
      the control group (38 lens). The difference in potassium content in aqueous humor
      between affected and control animals was statistically indistinguishable. The
      role of potassium ions in Fraeser cataract pathogenesis is discussed.

PMID- 3401578
TI  - [Effect of myocardial infarct on the cholinoreactivity of the heart atria and on
      their acetylcholine content].
AB  - The effect of left ventricular experimental infarction (caused by left coronary
      artery ligation) on the isolated right atrium contractile function and
      acetylcholine content in both atria was studied in male Wistar rats. It was shown
      that a 24-hour infarction induced an increase in atrial chronotropic response to
      acetylcholine, which proved an increase in the pacemaker cholinoreactivity.
      Atrial inotropic response to acetylcholine characterizing the contractile
      myocardium cholinoreactivity remained unchanged. At the same time atrial
      endogenous acetylcholine content decreased fourfold. An increase in pacemaker
      cholinoreactivity was not accompanied by changes in its adrenoreactivity; those
      changes increased the pacemaker sensitivity to cholinergic influences which could
      help elucidate the ectopic excitation foci, thus promoting the onset of
      arrhythmia.

PMID- 3401579
TI  - [Neurophysiological analysis of the correction by nootropic substances of
      disorders in the bioelectric activity of the brain in animals during chronic
      administration of ethanol].
AB  - The influence of some drugs (piracetam and 3-oxypyridine derivative) having a
      nootropic effect on ethanol-induced changes of bioelectrical activity was studied
      in experiments on freely moving rats. Discontinuation of ethanol administration
      (1, 2 g/kg, i.p. for 40 days) has been found to provoke destructuring of
      Fourier's spectral power of sensorimotor cortex and dorsal hippocamp on the EEG.
      Long-term administration of piracetam or 3-oxypyridine derivative (300 and 50
      mg/kg, respectively, i.p. for 40 days) with ethanol has a protective effect and
      normalizes EEG at the cortical level. The authors discuss possible
      neurophysiological mechanisms of nootropic drug action in ethanol-induced
      pathology.

PMID- 3401580
TI  - [Prevention of the formation of alcoholic motivation in rats using zinc sulfate].
AB  - The experiments carried out on albino male rats have shown a decreased zinc
      content in the brain of active animals selected under conditions of forced
      swimming test, as compared to passive animals. 10-day intraperitoneal injection
      of biotic zinc sulfate dose (50 micrograms/kg) resulted in the prevention of
      alcohol motivation in active animals. There was no such effect in passive
      animals. The differences between basic mechanisms of alcohol motivation in
      different groups of animals are suggested.

PMID- 3401581
TI  - [Dynamics of minute rhythms of catalepsy and role of a regimen of daily
      administration of haloperidol on the formation of tolerance].

PMID- 3401582
TI  - [Reaction of deamination of monoamines in the brain and heart of rats under the
      toxic action of hyperbaric oxygenation].
AB  - Kinetic parameters of monoamine deamination processes in the rat brain and heart
      after hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) in toxic conditions (6 ata) were studied. HBO
      was shown to cause a substantial reduction in MAO affinity to serotonin in the
      brain, but not in the heart. Contrastingly, MAO affinity to dopamine was found to
      decrease in the heart, but not in the brain in response to HBO. Differences of
      tyramine and 2-phenylethylamine deamination in the rat brain and heart were also
      reciprocal following toxic HBO. In the initial phase of seizure episode MAO
      activity in the brain and heart was also different. Distinct mechanisms of
      adaptation to toxic oxygen in the central nervous system and cardiovascular
      system are discussed.

PMID- 3401583
TI  - [Tolerance to a xenotransplant in an adoptive system].
AB  - Splenocytes of mice tolerant to rat neonatal heart graft were unable to respond
      to rat blood cells (RBC) when transferred adoptively to lethally irradiated
      syngeneic recipients 10 or 30 days after tolerogenic treatment. Early after
      induction of tolerance spleen cells of experimental mice were also unable to
      respond to sheep red blood cells. However, they responded vigorously to goose red
      blood cells. Later on (30 days after treatment) tolerance was found to be
      strictly RBC-specific. Cells suppressing anti-RBC response of intact cells were
      detected in the spleen of mice both 10 and 30 days after the induction of
      tolerance. Their suppressive activity was strictly RBC-specific. The results
      obtained show that early after tolerogenic treatment experimental mice are unable
      to respond due both to the deficiency of T-helpers involved in the response to
      mammalian blood cells and to activation of RBC-specific I-J+ T-suppressors.
      Thirty days after treatment tolerance is maintained solely by RBC-specific T
      suppressor cells.

PMID- 3401584
TI  - [Regulation of antitubercular immunity in mice by genes of the H-2 complex].
AB  - Development of DTH reaction and survival time after M. tuberculosis H37Rv
      infection have been studied in H-2 congenic and recombinant mice pretreated with
      high doses of BCG vaccine. In addition, in vitro proliferation of lymphocytes
      from infected CBA, B6 and 4R mice to PPD was studied in the presence of anti-I-A
      and anti-I-E mAbs. High doses of BCG vaccination (1 mg/mouse) have led to a
      significant inhibition of DTH and diminution of survival time in B10.M (H-2f)
      mice only, and to opposite effects in all other strains tested (H-2a, b, d, k,
      h4). In I-A+, I-E- 4R mice anti-I-Ak mAbs abrogated lymphocyte proliferation to
      PPD completely, while in I-A+, I-E- CBA mice only the mixture of anti-I-Ak and
      anti-I-Ek mAbs was effective.

PMID- 3401585
TI  - [Expression of oncogenes in transplantable tumors and rodent cell lines].
AB  - The expression of 8 oncogenes in transplanted rodent tumours and cell lines was
      tested. In 6 cases the synthesis of myc-, fos-, ras-oncogene RNA was observed.
      The transcription of these oncogenes was observed nonspecifically in tumours of
      different histological types. No difference in the set of the oncogenes expressed
      and the size of their transcripts was noticed between transplanted tumours and
      the cell lines obtained from them. The expression of myb-, sis-, Blym-, erb-B-
      and abl-was not observed in tested cells.

PMID- 3401586
TI  - [Heterogeneity of mouse sarcoma cells based on tumorigenicity determined by the
      different degree of contact inhibition of cell division].
AB  - The mouse CBA sarcoma characterized by great cellular heterogeneity was obtained
      from spontaneously in vitro transformed embryonic fibroblasts. The clones of the
      given sarcoma distinct in this property were studied. It was shown that the only
      feature limiting the growth of clones characterized by weak tumorigenicity was
      contact inhibition of cellular growth. This property is easily estimated by the
      in vitro methods.

PMID- 3401587
TI  - [Effect of a stable analog of leu-enkephalin, dalargin, on the cell division of
      the corneal epithelium in white rats].
AB  - The effect of Leu-enkephalin analog--dalargin--on the corneal epithelium
      proliferation has been studied in white rats. 10 microliter dalargin per 1 kg
      body weight were administered intraperitoneally at 8 a.m. The mitotic index (MI),
      DNA synthesis cell index and label intensity (LI) were determined every 4 hours
      over a 24-hour period. The results obtained demonstrate that dalargin stimulates
      DNA synthesis in cells throughout the entire period of action. MI increased only
      4, 8, 12 hours after dalargin administration. Mean daily DNA synthesis cell index
      and MI increased 2.1-fold and 3.1-fold, respectively after dalargin
      administration. It is suggested that dalargin activates the cell division
      processes by speeding up mitosis, shortening the premitotic period, accelerating
      the speed of the DNA synthesis and increasing cell proliferation pool.

PMID- 3401589
TI  - Autoantibody against erythrocyte protein 4.1 in a patient with autoimmune
      hemolytic anemia.
AB  - We observed the presence of a new autoantibody, anti-erythrocyte protein 4.1, in
      a patient with autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA). Western blotting analysis
      revealed that IgG from the patient's plasma reacted with erythrocyte protein 4.1.
      However, among other patients with hemolytic diseases (six having AIHA and three
      each having either hereditary spherocytosis, elliptocytosis, or lead poisoning)
      as well as among control subjects, no antibody activity to protein 4.1 was
      observed. In addition to the anti-protein 4.1 antibody, two different kinds of
      anti-erythrocyte antibodies were detected by conventional serological studies in
      this patient. One of them was an anti-Ena-like antibody in the eluate from the
      patient's erythrocytes, while another was the anti-S-specific antibody in the
      plasma. An elution study and an absorption study using S antigen-positive
      erythrocytes demonstrated that the anti-protein 4.1 antibody differed from both
      the anti-Ena-like antibody and the anti-S antibody. Familial analysis of the
      patient revealed the same antibody in her brother, who did not have hemolytic
      anemia. These results demonstrate that anti-protein 4.1 antibody is considered to
      be included in the spectrum of anti-cytoskeleton autoantibodies, which have been
      observed in patients having increased cell lysis as well as in healthy subjects.

PMID- 3401588
TI  - A prospective long-term cytogenetic study in polycythemia vera in relation to
      treatment and clinical course.
AB  - This paper reports the results of cytogenetic studies in a consecutive series of
      64 patients with polycythemia vera, 57 of whom could be followed prospectively.
      The median length of the cytogenetic observation time was 93 months (range, 24 to
      224 months) after diagnosis. Clonal chromosome abnormalities were observed
      initially in 11 patients (17%) and later during the course of the disease in
      another 20 patients. An abnormal karyotype was found in 71% to 80% of the
      patients who were examined after the development of myeloid metaplasia,
      myelofibrosis, or leukemia. Patients treated with myelosuppressive agents showed
      a significantly greater risk of chromosome abnormalities developing than did
      patients who had been phlebotomized. Acute leukemia developed in eight patients,
      all of whom had been treated with myelosuppressive agents. A chromosome
      abnormality preceded the leukemia in only two of the patients. The initial
      presence of an abnormal karyotype did not predict a greater risk of development
      of leukemia. No consistent relationship was demonstrated between the occurrence
      of chromosome abnormalities and the development of myeloid metaplasia and/or
      myelofibrosis, which was observed in 42% of the patients. The chromosome
      abnormalities followed a nonrandom pattern, and those most frequently observed
      were trisomies for 1 q, 8, 9, or 9p and deletion of 20q. Deletions seem to be
      common and were found in 14 patients.

PMID- 3401590
TI  - Failure of W/Wv mouse-derived cultured mast cells to enter S phase upon contact
      with NIH/3T3 fibroblasts.
AB  - Although W/Wv mutant mice are profoundly deficient in tissue mast cells, these
      mice do have cells with similar features of mast cells that develop from their
      bone marrow cells as efficiently as those from congenic +/+ mice in pokeweed
      mitogen-stimulated spleen cell-conditioned medium (PWM-SCM). With cultured mast
      cells (CMCs), we analyzed the mechanism of mast-cell deficiency in tissues of
      W/Wv mice. CMCs were established from bone marrow cells of W/Wv and congenic +/+
      mice with PWM-SCM, and then co-cultured with various mouse fibroblast cell lines
      without PWM-SCM. All the examined mouse embryo-derived fibroblast cell lines
      maintained CMCs derived from +/+ mice, but not CMCs from W/Wv mice, for greater
      than 2 weeks. Mast cells in S phase were observed only in CMCs derived from +/+
      mice under these conditions. The poor survival of W/Wv CMCs as compared with +/+
      CMCs was not owing to a differential death rate but to the inability of W/Wv CMCs
      to continue active proliferation on fibroblasts without PWM-SCM. By synchronizing
      CMCs at the G1 phase of the cell cycle, the defect in W/Wv CMCs was further
      characterized as a failure to transit G1 and enter the S phase upon contact with
      fibroblasts. This finding indicates the indispensable function of the W gene
      product(s) for this response.

PMID- 3401591
TI  - Four categories of gamma-globin gene triplications: DNA sequence comparison of
      low G gamma and high G gamma triplications.
AB  - The human fetal gamma chains are produced by closely linked G gamma and A gamma
      genes, and unequal crossing over between them leads to gamma gene deletions and
      triplications. Nine gamma gene triplications from seven ethnic groups were
      analyzed for G gamma and hemoglobin F (Hb F) values of heterozygotes and for the
      presence of polymorphic XmnI restriction sites 5' to the gamma genes. Four
      categories of triplication were found: I had low G gamma and low Hb F values and
      lacked XmnI sites 5' to the three gamma genes [---]. II had high G gamma and
      slightly elevated Hb F values but was also [---]. III was similar to II, except
      that XmnI was [+--]. IV had very high G gamma and slightly elevated Hb F values,
      and XmnI was [++-]. One case each of triplications I and IV were cloned into
      Charon 35. For both, the two 5' gamma gene code for G gamma chain, while the 3'
      gamma gene codes for A gamma chain. DNA sequencing showed that the unequal
      crossover occurred between 472 and 398 base pairs (bp) 5' to the gamma gene Cap
      sites (-472 and -398) for the type IV triplication and between -271 and codon 136
      for the type I triplication. In addition, type I had a 4-bp deletion of AGCA from
      -225 to -222. The high G gamma values of the type IV triplication are explained
      by its -G gamma-G gamma-A gamma-gene arrangement and the XmnI sites 5' to the G
      gamma genes. We hypothesize that the low G gamma value of the type I
      triplication, which is also -G gamma-G gamma-A gamma-, is due to inactivation of
      the middle G gamma gene by the AGCA deletion at -225 to -222.

PMID- 3401592
TI  - Delineation of the molecular basis of delta- and normal HbA2 beta-thalassemia.
AB  - In this study, we used cloning and sequence analysis to define the molecular
      defect in two delta-thalassemia genes, one associated with reduced output of
      delta-globin chains (delta +thal) from a Sardinian and the other with a complete
      suppression of delta-chain production from the affected locus (delta zerp thal)
      from a Southern Italian. Sequence analysis of the delta +thal gene showed a G---
      T substitution at the first nucleotide of codon 27 (delta +27) which produces an
      amino acid change (Ala----Ser) and presumably activates a cryptic splice site
      located at this position. Therefore, only a fraction of the transcript is
      processed from this site, as indicated by the clinical phenotype of delta +thal.
      DNA sequencing of the delta zero thal gene revealed a T----C substitution at
      position 1 of IVS-1, which abolishes the splicing at this site and thus leads to
      complete deficiency of normal mRNA explaining the clinical phenotype of delta
      zero thal. Oligonucleotide analysis was used to confirm the coinheritance of the
      delta +27 mutation in a group of Sardinians with thalassemia like phenotype and
      normal HbA2 level who, on the basis of genetic criteria, were supposed to be
      double heterozygous for delta-thalassemia and beta-thalassemia. The definition of
      delta-thalassemia defects in each high-risk area facilitates identification of
      double heterozygotes for delta- and beta-thalassemia by DNA analysis and may thus
      improve genetic counseling.

PMID- 3401593
TI  - Rheologic impairment of sickle RBCs induced by repetitive cycles of deoxygenation
      reoxygenation.
AB  - The transformation of less-dense, discoidal homozygous sickle cells (HbSS) RBCs
      into dehydrated, rheologically impaired cells is believed to be an important
      factor in the pathophysiology of sickle cell disease. We investigated this
      process by subjecting the less-dense fraction of HbSS RBCs, which contains a low
      percentage of irreversibly sickled cells (ISCs), to cyclic deoxygenation
      reoxygenation for 15 hours at 37 degrees C. This incubation procedure caused cell
      shrinkage, shifts in intracellular Na and K content, and formation of ISCs that
      closely resembled endogenous ISCs found in sickle blood. The viscoelasticity of
      the treated cells was tested using micropipette techniques to measure the
      membrane shear elastic modulus (mu) and the time constant for extensional shape
      recovery (tc); mu represents the "static rigidity" of the cells, and the product
      mu.tc was taken as a measure of their "dynamic rigidity". Density separation of
      the incubated cells showed that their rheologic impairment (ie, elevation of both
      static and dynamic rigidities) paralleled cellular dehydration and that the newly
      formed dense cells had viscoelastic characteristics very similar to those of
      endogenous dense cells. Rehydration by osmotic swelling tended to normalize the
      dynamic rigidities of dense cells but had no significant effect on their static
      rigidities. Thus, cellular dehydration contributes to the observed changes of
      viscoelasticity, although an irreversible alteration of membrane structure also
      appears to be involved. Dense ISCs could be formed without added calcium,
      implying that entry of external calcium is not an essential requirement for
      cellular dehydration; ISCs formed without calcium tended to be less rigid (ie, to
      have lower static and dynamic rigidities) than those formed with calcium. Our
      results indicate that the cyclic incubation procedure closely mimics RBC
      rheologic deterioration in vivo and thus suggest its usefulness as a model for
      investigating this phenomenon.

PMID- 3401594
TI  - Separation of human myeloma cells from bone marrow aspirates in multiple myeloma
      and their proliferation and M-protein secretion in vitro.
AB  - Human myeloma cells were purified from bone marrow aspirates from patients with
      multiple myeloma (MM) by Percoll discontinuous density-gradient centrifugation, E
      rosette formation and treatment with antimyelomonocytic antibody (Leu M1), plus
      complement. Thus, the purified cell fraction consisted of greater than 90%
      myeloma cells, even when as little as 15% myeloma cells were contained in bone
      marrow mononuclear cell fraction, determined by morphological and immunologic
      examinations. With highly purified myeloma cells from 29 patients with IgG type
      MM, biologic characteristics such as spontaneous proliferation (3H-TdR uptake)
      and M-protein secretion rate in vitro were evaluated. Both activities varied
      among patients within stage I and III, and a 3H-TdR uptake of 255-24, 132 cpm/4 x
      10(4) cells, and an M-protein secretion rate of 9 to 72 pg/cell/day,
      respectively, were recorded. However, in each patient, there was no correlation
      between 3H-TdR uptake and M-protein secretion rate. These results thus suggest
      that 3H-TdR uptake and M-protein secretion rate of highly purified myeloma cells
      are independent biologic parameters, not associated with the clinical stages, and
      the purification of myeloma cells we describe can contribute to further studies
      on the biologic characteristics and to understanding of the pathophysiology
      involved in MM.

PMID- 3401595
TI  - Immunophenotypic diagnosis of clinical and preclinical chronic lymphatic leukemia
      by using monoclonal antibodies against the cCLLa, a CLL-associated antigen.
AB  - The clinical usefulness of monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) against the cCLLa, an
      antigen restricted to B-chronic lymphatic leukemia (CLL) and its variants, was
      ascertained in 65 patients with overt CLL and 25 individuals with unexplained
      mild lymphocytosis. Healthy volunteers (n = 25) and patients with malignant and
      nonmalignant disorders (n = 58) served as controls. The following observations
      were made in CLL. (a) Anti-cCLLa MoAbs identified neoplastic CLL cells as judged
      by the high correlation (r = .985) between monoclonal surface immunoglobulins
      (Slgs) and cCLLa expression in all patients, and dual-label flow cytometry
      studies showing cCLLa expression by monoclonal Slg-bearing B-CLL cells but not by
      normal B lymphocytes. (b) The size of the circulating cCLLa-positive clone
      paralleled the degree of lymphocytosis (r = .987) and was associated with
      reciprocal (r = .893) relative T lymphopenia. Ten patients with borderline
      lymphocytosis exhibited a subset of monoclonal Slg/cCLLa-positive cells ranging
      from 16% to 45% of the total. These patients were indistinguishable from those
      with CLL in terms of age, clone lineage, and reciprocal relative T lymphopenia.
      Two patients have progressed to overt CLL within 19 months, but eight have not
      (observation time, 18 to 82 months). These data suggest that anti-cCLLa MoAbs are
      sensitive probes useful to identify and monitor cCLLa clones during their
      clinical and preclinical phases.

PMID- 3401596
TI  - Circulating malignant cells in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: correlation with binding
      by peanut agglutinin.
AB  - A significant number of patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma have peripheral
      blood involvement during the course of their disease. Because the expression of
      receptor for the lectin peanut agglutinin PNA by normal lymphocytes is associated
      with noncirculating (stationary phase) cells, we studied the relationship between
      PNA binding by lymphoma cells and the presence of clonal B cells in the blood of
      38 patients with B-cell lymphoma. The binding of PNA by cells in tissues was
      determined by the immunoperoxidase method and by two-color flow cytometry.
      Circulating lymphoma cells (clonal B cells) were identified by a sensitive flow
      cytometric technique (kappa-lambda analysis) and were also studied for PNA
      binding in some cases. In all, 16 of 38 (42%) of lymphomas were PNA+, including a
      spectrum of histologic types. Circulating lymphoma cells were demonstrated in 17
      of 22 PNA-lymphomas, whereas only 3 of 16 of PNA+ lymphomas had such circulating
      cells. Thus, there is a significant association between PNA binding and
      peripheral blood involvement by lymphoma (P less than .005 by chi-square
      analysis). In 12 cases, the circulating and tissue lymphoma cells had similar
      expression of PNA receptor (2 PNA+ and 10 PNA- cases), indicating that modulation
      of the PNA binding sites did not occur. In three patients who presented with
      lymphosarcoma cell leukemia, the circulating malignant cells were PNA-. These
      findings suggest that for both normal and malignant lymphocytes the absence of
      binding sites for PNA is associated with the capacity of these cells to circulate
      freely.

PMID- 3401597
TI  - Platelet storage: changes in cytosolic Ca2+ actin polymerization and shape.
AB  - Platelets gradually lose their disc shape during storage. The authors studied
      simultaneous changes in platelet cytosolic Ca2+ (Cai) and the polymerization
      state of actin as related to the shape. Platelet concentrates were stored under
      blood bank conditions for up to 10 days. Aliquots were removed and analyzed as
      follows: platelet Cai and increments in Cai induced by adenosine diphosphate
      (ADP) were determined by fluorescence of fura-2-loaded cells; loss of disc shape
      was determined by differences in light scattering intensity induced by stirring;
      and the ratio of globular and total actin (G/T) of platelets in plasma was
      determined by a modification of the DNase inhibition assay. Globular actin was
      found to be 86 +/- 3% of total actin in freshly drawn platelets suspended in
      plasma. The following changes occurred during storage: G/T in platelet
      concentrates increased from 63 +/- 5 (day 0) to 74 +/- 2% in the first 24 hours
      then fell to 33 +/- 6% by day 10. The percent discoid platelets also increased
      from day 0 to day 1 then fell in the ensuing days. There was an initial drop in
      Cai from day 0 to day 1, after which Cai increased on days 3 and 6. Globular
      actin polymerization during storage closely correlated with the change in percent
      discs (r = 0.95). During 6 days of storage Cai was highly correlated with shape
      change (r = 0.97) and to a lesser extent (r = 0.87) with the ratio of globular
      actin. The authors conclude that actin polymerization, shape, and Ca2+ change in
      a related fashion during storage.

PMID- 3401598
TI  - Development of a second clonally discrete Burkitt's lymphoma in a human
      immunodeficiency virus-positive homosexual patient.
AB  - We have studied, at a molecular level, two small non-cleaved cell malignant
      lymphomas (Burkitt's type) that were separated by a disease-free interval of 3
      years in a patient infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The late
      occurrence of the apparent relapse suggested that the second lymphoma might be
      caused by a separate malignant transformation in a discrete clone of B cells.
      Although both tumors expressed the same immunologic surface markers (mu k) and
      carried the same t(8;14) translocation, Southern blot analysis of DNA from each
      tumor, using specific restriction endonucleases and probes to the c-myc and the
      immunoglobulin heavy chain loci, demonstrated that the chromosomal breakpoints
      relevant to the translocations differed between the tumors. This was corroborated
      by analysis of the immunoglobulin light-chain rearrangements in the two tumors.
      These observations indicate that the second tumor was not a recurrence of the
      first but represented the malignant transformation of a different clone of B
      cells. Thus late relapses of certain malignancies in individuals at high risk may
      be caused by the malignant transformation of discrete cell clones (i.e.,
      induction of a new tumor).

PMID- 3401599
TI  - Inclusion body beta-thalassemia trait in a Swiss family is caused by an abnormal
      hemoglobin (Geneva) with an altered and extended beta chain carboxy-terminus due
      to a modification in codon beta 114.
AB  - We have analyzed the sequence of the beta globin gene of a chromosome that is
      linked to the occurrence of an inclusion body beta-thalassemia characterized in
      the heterozygote by moderate anemia, severe red cell abnormalities, splenomegaly,
      inclusion body formation, elevated Hb A2 levels, and an increased in vitro
      alpha/beta chain synthetic ratio. The data indicate a change in codon 114 from
      CTG (Leu) to -GG that resulted in a frameshift and the presumed synthesis of an
      abnormal beta chain that is 156 residues long with a completely different C
      terminal amino acid sequence. The change in codon 114 gives a -GGGCCC- sequence
      that creates a new ApaI site; the resulting 2.6-kilobase fragment has been
      observed in all subjects with this thalassemia condition. Protein structural
      analyses failed to demonstrate any trace of the abnormal beta chain, even in
      reticulocytes and nucleated red cells that were isolated by density gradient
      centrifugation. The inclusion bodies appear to contain mainly normal alpha
      chains. It is assumed that the structure of the beta-Geneva chain prevents it
      from combining with normal alpha chains; this results in a rapid breakdown of the
      abnormal protein during the early stages of red cell maturation and an
      accumulation of free alpha chains.

PMID- 3401600
TI  - In vivo effect of human erythroid-potentiating activity on hematopoiesis in mice.
AB  - Endotoxin-free purified recombinant human erythroid-potentiating activity (EPA)
      was administered to normal and bled mice. In anemic ICR mice EPA treatment led to
      a significant increase in the number of reticulocytes in the peripheral blood and
      erythroid precursors in the spleen. Stimulation of CFU-E and BFU-E in the spleen
      was also observed in C3H/HEJ mice, which excluded the possibility of endotoxin
      effect. Unchanged, 51Cr-tagged red cell survival and lack of radioactivity in the
      stool or urine suggests that the EPA stimulation of erythropoiesis was not due to
      hemolysis or bleeding. Thus, EPA has an effect on erythropoiesis in anemic mice
      in vivo.

PMID- 3401601
TI  - Phosphorylation of the oxidase-related 48K phosphoprotein family in the unusual
      autosomal cytochrome-negative and X-linked cytochrome-positive types of chronic
      granulomatous disease.
AB  - Activation of 32P-loaded neutrophils with phorbol myristate acetate causes the
      labeling of a family of three 48K proteins that focus near neutral pH. The
      relationship between these phosphoproteins and the activation of the respiratory
      burst has been supported by the previous finding that phosphorylation was
      defective in the two most common types of chronic granulomatous disease (CGD): X
      linked cytochrome-negative (X/-) and autosomal cytochrome-positive (A/+). In this
      report, these studies have now been extended to the rare A/- and X/+ forms of the
      disease. In all three patients with A/- CGD examined, the two most acidic 48K
      proteins failed to undergo enhanced phosphorylation in response to phorbol
      stimulation, a finding similar to that seen in X/- patients. In contrast,
      neutrophils from two patients with X/+ CGD appeared to phosphorylate the neutral
      48K proteins in a normal fashion. It thus appears that the different
      phosphorylation patterns seen in chronic granulomatous disease are a reflection
      of the genetic heterogeneity of this disorder. These findings lend further
      support to the conclusion that the 48K phosphoprotein family is related to the
      respiratory burst, although not necessarily in a straightforward manner.

PMID- 3401602
TI  - Genetic defect responsible for the dysfunctional protein: factor IXLong Beach.
AB  - DNA sequence analysis of the gene coding for the variant protein, factor IXLong
      Beach (FIXLB), has identified a transition mutation in an otherwise normal factor
      IX (FIX) gene. Genomic DNA clones spanning 35 kilobase (kb) pairs of the FIXLB
      gene were isolated. A gene analysis strategy that specifically characterized
      exons and their flanking intron sequences predicted the entire amino acid
      sequence of FIXLB. A thymine to cytosine transition causes the substitution of a
      threonine codon (ACA) for an isoleucine codon (ATA) in exon VIII of the FIXLB
      gene. This mutation results in an amino acid substitution at residue 397 of the
      FIX zymogen and the phenotypic display of hemophilia-B. Previous studies revealed
      that activated purified FIXLB (FIXaLB) had normal Ca2+, phospholipid, and factor
      VIIIa binding characteristics. However, FIXaLB activated factor X or factor VII
      (with their cofactors Ca2+ and phospholipid) at significantly reduced rates,
      suggesting that the defect in FIXaLB lies near or within the catalytic triad of
      the FIX heavy chain. Identification of an amino acid substitution near the
      carboxy-terminus of the FIXaLB heavy chain supports the earlier characterization
      of this variant protein. Moreover, our data identify a residue in the catalytic
      domain of FIXa essential for normal function.

PMID- 3401603
TI  - A chromosome with five gamma-globin genes.
AB  - Globin gene mapping of DNA from a Black newborn resulted in the detection of a
      chromosome with five gamma-globin genes. Based on results from digests with
      enzymes EcoRI and PstI, we concluded that the three genes between the 5'G gamma
      and 3'A gamma genes are G gamma genes with a possible 5' segment derived from A
      gamma. The high G gamma level in the fetal hemoglobin (Hb F) of the baby is
      consistent with this view. Family relationships were such that speculation as to
      the mechanism causing this quintuplication of the gamma-globin genes was not
      possible.

PMID- 3401604
TI  - Breast cancer screening, with particular reference to the concept of 'high risk'
      groups.
AB  - An overview is presented of the salient aspects of the DOM-project of breast
      cancer screening carried out in the city of Utrecht, the Netherlands. Results on
      stage at diagnosis, case-fatality, and mortality rates suggest that the program
      has been effective. Attention is devoted to the issue whether knowledge about
      risk factors for breast cancer is helpful in making a screening program more
      effective or efficient. It is concluded that such knowledge is of limited
      importance.

PMID- 3401607
TI  - Strengthening international action on drug abuse: outcomes from a very important
      meeting.

PMID- 3401605
TI  - A cDNA for the estradiol-regulated 24K protein: control of mRNA levels in MCF-7
      cells.
AB  - We have previously demonstrated an estradiol-regulated 24 kDa (24K) protein in
      human breast cancer tissue culture cells and human tumor biopsies. The presence
      of 24K correlates well with the presence of steroid hormone receptors. In order
      to further study the hormonal regulation of the 24K protein and gene, we have
      isolated cDNA clones corresponding to the 24K mRNA. Poly(A)+ RNA isolated from
      the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line was translated in a cell-free translation
      system containing [35S]-methionine. The translation products were
      immunoprecipitated with a 24K monoclonal antibody, and the in vitro synthesis of
      24K protein was confirmed by sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis. The same poly(A)+ RNA was used to construct an oligo(dT)-primed
      cDNA library in the lambda gt11 expression vector system. The library was
      screened with a highly specific polyclonal antibody raised against 24K protein
      purified by immunoaffinity chromatography. Four recombinant clones reacting with
      the antibody by virtue of antigen expression were isolated and three were used in
      hybridization-selected translation. Three clones were able to hybridize
      specifically to a messenger RNA (mRNA) that yielded a Mr 24,000 protein when
      translated in vitro and analyzed by SDS/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This
      protein was also immunoprecipitable by the 24K monoclonal antibody. MCF-7 mRNA
      size fractionated by formaldehyde-agarose gel electrophoresis was transferred to
      nitrocellulose paper and hybridized to a nick-translated 24K cDNA clone. A single
      band of hybridization corresponding to a mRNA size of approximately 0.9-1.0
      kilobase (kb) was observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3401608
TI  - "A meeting of the minds"--a challenge to biomedical and psychosocial scientists
      on the ethical implications and social consequences of scientific findings in the
      alcohol field.

PMID- 3401606
TI  - Epidermal growth factor receptor in human breast cancers: correlation with
      estrogen and progesterone receptors.
AB  - Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), determined by the Scatchard curve
      method, was found in 22 cases of a random series of 100 patients with breast
      carcinoma. Two groups of patients were identified, one (n = 16) with a low
      concentration (0-50 fm/mg protein) of EGFR but with a high affinity (Kd = 3.2
      nM), and the other (n = 6) with a high concentration (90-210 fm/mg protein) of
      EGFR but with a lower affinity (Kd = 6.3 nM). A significant inverse relationship
      was found between the presence of EGFR and receptors for estrogen (p less than
      0.001) and progesterone (p = 0.001). EGFR was found in no (0/8) tumors with Grade
      I histoprognostic grade, 17% (10/58) Grade II, and 38% (11/29) Grade III (p less
      than 0.05). EGFR is present therefore in poorly differentiated tumors and
      associated with other factors of poor prognosis. Our in vivo analyses confirm
      results found in tissue culture derived from human breast carcinoma cells.

PMID- 3401611
TI  - Changing trends in drug use: an initial follow-up of a local heroin using
      community.

PMID- 3401610
TI  - Letting the client speak: drug misusers and the process of help seeking.

PMID- 3401609
TI  - The Minnesota Model in the management of drug and alcohol dependency: miracle,
      method or myth? Part I. The philosophy and the programme.

PMID- 3401612
TI  - The effect of introducing a new light beer in Norway: substitution or addition?

PMID- 3401613
TI  - International trade and availability of alcoholic beverages in developing
      countries.

PMID- 3401614
TI  - Estimating alcohol-related absenteeism in New Zealand.

PMID- 3401616
TI  - The future of the word 'alcoholism'.

PMID- 3401615
TI  - Childhood loss in alcoholics and narcotic addicts.

PMID- 3401618
TI  - Quantitative ultrastructural study of nucleolus-organizing regions at some stages
      of the cell cycle (G0 period, G2 period, mitosis).
AB  - The quantitative characteristics of chromosomal nucleolus-organizing regions
      (NORs) and some other nucleolar components were studied on ultra-thin sections of
      pig embryo kidney cells (PK cells). It was shown that: 1) nucleoli-per-cell
      volumes were 3 times smaller in the G0 period than in the G2 period; 2) the
      number of fibrillar centers (FCs) per cell in the G0 period, the G2 period, and
      at metaphase was equal to 7, 33.7, and 8, respectively; 3) mean volumes of
      individual FCs in the G0 period (0.033 +/- 0.005 micron3), G2 period (0.014 +/-
      0.001 micron3), and at metaphase (0.025 +/- 0.002 micron3) were significantly
      different; 4) the total volumes of FCs calculated per haploid set of chromosomes
      were practically the same in the G0 (0.105 micron3) and G2 (0.107 micron3)
      periods, but were twice as large as those at metaphase (0.04-0.05 micron3). These
      data show that partial activation and inactivation of ribosomal genes in
      interphase PK cells are not accompanied by a considerable change in the total
      volume of FCs and may be due to the fragmentation and fusion of individual FCs.
      Complete inactivation of ribosomal genes in mitosis results in a decrease of
      total volumes of FCs per cell; 5) in G0 and G2 periods the total volume of the
      dense fibrillar component per nucleolus is practically proportional to the
      nucleolus volume (r = 0.99); 6) in the G2 period, the nucleolus volume is also
      proportional to the number of FCs (r = 0.99; 7) the volume of the dense fibrillar
      component within individual fibrillar complexes is not a constant one.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3401619
TI  - Biosynthesis of glycosaminoglycans in the human colonic tumor cell line Caco-2:
      structural changes occurring with the morphological differentiation of the cells.
AB  - The human colon cancer cell line Caco-2 cultured in vitro displayed morphological
      differentiation which was shown to be a growth-related event. We have
      investigated this phenomenon further in relation to the cell surface
      glycosaminoglycans produced by growing (5-day, i.e., prior to differentiation)
      and confluent (9-day, i.e., after morphological and functional differentiation)
      cultures. Neosynthesized [35S]glycosaminoglycans were purified on DEAE-cellulose;
      at confluency, they were bound more strongly to the column than the corresponding
      fractions from the growing cells. Analysis of Kav values of heparan sulfate and
      chondroitin sulfates from growing and confluent cells indicated an increase in
      chain length of both glycosaminoglycans in morphologically differentiated cells.
      Heparan sulfate was the main 35S-labeled glycosaminoglycan of the cell surface of
      both 5-day and 9-day cultures. Paper chromatography of the unsaturated
      disaccharides obtained by chondroitinase digestion showed that chondroitin
      sulfate chains were primarily 6-sulfated in the 2 studied extracts. Heparan
      sulfate chains were isolated as chondroitinase-resistant material and treated
      with nitrous acid. Analysis of N- and O-sulfate group-related radioactivity
      showed an increase in the amount of 35S-label in the form of N-sulfate groups and
      an increase in the O-35S-sulfation pattern in heparan sulfate from
      morphologically differentiated cells. Thus, the structural features of both
      chondroitin sulfates and heparan sulfate were significantly different when the
      growing cells became morphologically differentiated.

PMID- 3401617
TI  - Data Note--14. Mergers in the U.K. alcohol and tobacco industries.

PMID- 3401620
TI  - Growth of normal and neoplastic rat pleural mesothelial cells in the presence of
      conditioned medium from neoplastic mesothelial cells.
AB  - Several transformed cells have been demonstrated to secrete growth factors. We
      studied the effect of conditioned medium from neoplastic rat pleural mesothelial
      cells on normal and neoplastic mesothelial cell growth. The results showed that
      the concentrated conditioned medium stimulated neoplastic mesothelial cell growth
      but inhibited reversibly normal mesothelial cell growth.

PMID- 3401621
TI  - Modified group-as-a-whole psychotherapy with chronic psychotic patients. A case
      report.

PMID- 3401622
TI  - Diagnostic benefits of analyzing the group dynamics of the assessment team.

PMID- 3401623
TI  - Witness to tragedy. A self-psychological approach to the treatment of
      schizophrenia.

PMID- 3401624
TI  - Issues of retirement from leadership in a family business.

PMID- 3401625
TI  - Science and the art of irreverent questioning. The I. Arthur Marshall address.

PMID- 3401626
TI  - The patient as a selfobject. A form of countertransference.

PMID- 3401627
TI  - Eye, hand, and the mother. The mother's role in the neuromaturation and
      development of an autistic child.

PMID- 3401628
TI  - Low-cost group psychotherapy. An alternative to the traditional mental health
      delivery system.

PMID- 3401629
TI  - A modified psychoeducational approach with a schizophrenic inpatient.

PMID- 3401631
TI  - Hypoglycaemic and hypoketonaemic effects of single and repeated oral doses of
      methyl palmoxirate (methyl 2-tetradecylglycidate) in streptozotocin/alloxan
      induced diabetic dogs.
AB  - 1. The hypoglycaemic and hypoketonaemic effects of orally administered methyl
      palmoxirate were studied in streptozotocin/alloxan-induced diabetic dogs. 2.
      Single oral 50 mg doses (approximately 7.5 mg kg-1) of methyl palmoxirate
      produced statistically significant reductions of plasma glucose (32 +/- 6%
      maximum reduction from baseline) and ketones (74 +/- 12% maximum reduction from
      baseline), with the peak effect on plasma ketones (3.5 h) preceding that for
      plasma glucose (6.0 h). 3. Lower doses (0.7-2.0 mg kg-1 daily) of methyl
      palmoxirate given repeatedly for seven days produced reductions of blood glucose
      and ketones equivalent to those produced with the higher single dose. Maximal
      reductions of plasma ketones were generally observed following the first dose of
      drug, whereas significant lowering of plasma glucose required several days of
      continuous dosing. 4. Repeated daily doses of methyl palmoxirate markedly reduced
      the overnight fasting ketone levels but not glucose levels of diabetic dogs. 5.
      In conclusion, administration of the fatty acid oxidation inhibitor methyl
      palmoxirate, in the absence of concomitant insulin therapy, was able to lower the
      plasma glucose and ketone levels of insulin-deficient streptozotocin/alloxan
      diabetic dogs. Only the plasma ketones were decreased to normal by this
      treatment.

PMID- 3401630
TI  - Effects of atropine and tetrodotoxin on neurotensin-induced ileal sodium
      transport in the dog.
AB  - 1. Neurotensin was infused intravenously, in the presence or absence of
      intravenous atropine or intraarterial tetrodotoxin, into dogs anaesthetized with
      sodium pentobarbitone. Net and unidirectional fluxes of sodium and blood flows in
      the ileum were measured. Arterial and mesenteric venous blood pressures,
      haematocrits and plasma total solids were also determined. 2. Neurotensin caused
      a transient increase in net sodium absorption which was not associated with
      significant changes in unidirectional fluxes. This was followed by prolonged net
      secretion which was associated with an increase in unidirectional sodium
      secretion and a smaller decrease in sodium absorption. Potassium secretion was
      also increased when net sodium secretion increased. 3. Neurotensin increased
      haematocrit and total solids and decreased arterial pressure at the same time
      that secretion occurred. 4. Atropine blocked all the cardiovascular effects of
      neurotensin and reduced its early effects on both absorption and secretion but
      not the later effects on secretion. Tetrodotoxin only blocked the increase in
      absorption but not the secretion or the cardiovascular effects. 5. It was
      concluded that there is a cholinergic step in the cardiovascular effects of
      neurotensin and that the early effects of neurotensin on secretion are due to
      active secretion supported by fluid leakage from the plasma. The later effects of
      neurotensin on secretion do not have a cholinergic step and are due primarily to
      an active secretion. The increased absorption is mediated partly through
      intrinsic nerves of the gut.

PMID- 3401632
TI  - Evidence that mCPP may have behavioural effects mediated by central 5-HT1C
      receptors.
AB  - 1. The effects of 1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine (mCPP) and 1-[3
      (trifluoromethyl)phenyl] piperazine (TFMPP) on activity of rats in a novel cage,
      and on the rotorod and elevated bar co-ordination tests was examined. 2.
      Peripherally administered mCPP and TFMPP dose-dependently reduced locomotion,
      rearing, and feeding scores but not grooming of freely fed rats placed in a novel
      observation cage. Yawning behaviour was increased. Similar effects were also
      observed after injection of mCPP into the 3rd ventricle. 3. Co-ordination on a
      rotating drum of both untrained and trained rats was impaired following mCPP but
      co-ordination on an elevated bar was not. 4. The hypoactivity induced by mCPP was
      opposed by three antagonists with high affinity for the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5
      HT1C) site; metergoline, mianserin, cyproheptadine and possibly also by a fourth
      antagonist mesulergine. Metergoline, mianserin and cyproheptadine also opposed
      the reduction in feeding scores. However, neither effect of mCPP was antagonized
      by the 5-HT2-receptor antagonists ketanserin or ritanserin, the 5-HT3-receptor
      antagonist ICS 205-930, the 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B-receptor antagonists (-)-pindolol,
      (-)-propranolol and (+/-)-cyanopindolol or the 5-HT1A-, 5-HT2- and dopamine
      receptor antagonist spiperone. The specific alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist
      idazoxan was also without effect. 5. Hypoactivity induced by TFMPP was similarly
      antagonized by mianserin but unaffected by (+/-)-cyanopindolol. 6. These results
      suggest that the hypoactivity is mediated by central 5-HT1C-receptors and that
      mCPP and possibly TFMPP may be 5-HT1C-receptor agonists. 7. As mianserin,
      cyproheptadine and mesulergine in the absence of mCPP did not increase locomotion
      but increased the number of feeding scores, the activation of 5-HT1C-receptors
      may be of physiological importance in the control of appetite. The possible
      relevance of these results to the therapeutic and side-effects of clinically used
      antidepressants (particularly trazodone and mianserin) and anorexigenic drugs is
      discussed.

PMID- 3401633
TI  - Effect of a Paf antagonist, WEB 2086, on airway microvascular leakage in the
      guinea-pig and platelet aggregation in man.
AB  - 1. The triazolodiazepine WEB 2086 has been evaluated as an antagonist of platelet
      activating factor (Paf) by studying its effects on Paf-induced human platelet
      aggregation and microvascular leakage in guinea-pigs. 2. WEB 2086 inhibited Paf
      induced platelet aggregation in platelet-rich plasma in vitro (IC50 = 117 +/- 35
      nM, mean +/- s.d.) but had no effect on adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate-induced
      aggregation. 3. Paf-induced microvascular leakage, measured by the extravasation
      of intravenously-injected Evans blue dye, was inhibited in a dose-related fashion
      in the airways and other tissues by WEB 2086, achieving a maximal inhibitory
      effect at 10 micrograms kg-1, i.v. 4. However, WEB 2086 (10 micrograms kg-1,
      i.v.) did not inhibit a comparable increase in vascular permeability induced by
      ovalbumin in sensitized guinea-pigs. 5. We conclude that WEB 2086 is a potent
      antagonist of Paf and that Paf does not appear to be responsible for antigen
      induced microvascular leakage.

PMID- 3401635
TI  - Mustard oil excites but does not inhibit nociceptive dorsal horn neurones in the
      rat: a presumed effect on A-delta fibres.
AB  - 1. Mustard oil was applied topically in concentrations of 10-20% to the
      excitatory and inhibitory nociceptive receptive fields in glabrous and hairy skin
      of the anesthetized rat while recording the activity of nociceptive dorsal horn
      neurones. The noxious stimulus was radiant heat which is known to activate C
      fibres in glabrous and hairy skin. 2. Mustard oil had little effect when applied
      to glabrous skin and this was attributed to poor penetration of the skin. 3.
      Mustard oil excited cells in the dorsal horn which were excited by noxious heat
      in the receptive field on hairy skin. 4. Mustard oil excited cells in the dorsal
      horn which were inhibited by noxious heat in the receptive field on hairy skin.
      5. Inhibitory effects of mustard oil were never seen, even when applied to
      receptive fields in which noxious heating caused inhibition. 6. The excitatory
      effects of mustard oil on cells inhibited by noxious heating of the skin are
      attributed to the reported activation of A-delta fibres which probably masked any
      C-fibre activation.

PMID- 3401634
TI  - The origin of the anticholinesterase-induced repetitive activity of the phrenic
      nerve-diaphragm preparation of the rat in vitro.
AB  - 1. Action potentials have been recorded in contracting muscle cells of the
      phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparation from rats. After the organophosphorous
      anticholinesterase, ecothiopate, some cells fired repetitive action potentials.
      In 0.1 mM [Mg2+]o the repetitive activity was generated presynaptically or
      postsynaptically, and in 1 mM [Mg2+]o, probably only postsynaptically. 2. The
      repetitive action potentials in muscle were generated ectopically about 0.2 mm
      away from the usual site. 3. In 1 mM [Mg2+]o, spontaneous action potentials in
      muscle were generated presynaptically. These were often followed by repetitive
      action potentials generated either presynaptically or postsynaptically. 4. The
      initiation of centripetal action potentials in the phrenic nerve was coincident
      with the repetitive firing in the muscle. 5. The results are discussed in
      relation to the manner of generation of repetitive activity in nerve and muscle
      after anticholinesterases.

PMID- 3401636
TI  - Opiates distinguish spinal excitation from inhibition evoked by noxious heat
      stimuli in the rat: relevance to theories of analgesia.
AB  - 1. Experiments were performed to test the hypothesis that a significant part of
      the action of opiates in reducing responses to noxious stimuli is a reduction in
      the release of neurotransmitter from primary afferent fibres. 2. The effects of
      locally and systemically administered opiates were examined on the excitatory and
      gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-mediated inhibitory responses of spinal dorsal
      horn neurones to noxious heat stimulation in the anaesthetized rat: the
      inhibitions are thought to involve the same C-fibre afferents as the excitation.
      3. Microionophoretically administered morphine reduced the excitatory response i
      a small proportion of the cells, reduced the background firing in a larger
      proportion but was ineffective on the inhibition. 4. Intravenously injected
      morphine (0.5-6 mg kg-1) or etorphine (0.1-2 micrograms kg-1) invariably
      attenuated the excitation of dorsal horn neurones by noxious stimuli but had no
      effect on the inhibition. 5. It was concluded that the data do not support the
      hypothesis that the production of analgesia is due mainly to a reduction in the
      release of transmitter from primary afferent fibres.

PMID- 3401637
TI  - 4-Hydroxy-2-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (PI-OH): a new
      potentiator of sympathomimetic amines on the rat anococcygeus muscle.
AB  - 1. The potentiating effects of racemic 4-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,4
      tetrahydroisoquinoline (PI-OH), cocaine, desipramine and nomifensine on the
      concentration-response curves of the rat anococcygeus muscle to noradrenaline
      (NA) and field stimulation were examined. 2. PI-OH and cocaine concentration
      dependently potentiated the responses of anococcygeus muscle to NA and field
      stimulation, but the activity of PI-OH was stronger than that of cocaine on both
      responses. 3. At high concentrations the potentiating activities of desipramine
      and nomifensine were less, a fact that was explained by their postsynaptic
      inhibitory properties; the actions of nomifensine and desipramine as antagonists
      against NA were competitive and non-competitive, respectively. 4. It is concluded
      that PI-OH may be an ideal potentiator of the response to NA in adrenergically
      innervated tissues because it has no side effects such as postsynaptic
      inhibition.

PMID- 3401638
TI  - Effects of the muscarinic antagonists pirenzepine and gallamine on spontaneous
      and evoked responses of rat cerebral cortical neurones.
AB  - 1. The muscarinic receptor antagonists gallamine and pirenzepine were
      iontophoretically applied to rat cerebral cortical cholinoceptive neurones,
      including corticospinal neurones, to assess their effects on spontaneous firing,
      and firing induced by: stimulation of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM);
      contralateral hindpaw stimulation; application of acetylcholine (ACh); and
      application of glutamate. 2. Both compounds potently inhibited firing induced by
      ACh iontophoresis, whilst neither compound consistently altered firing induced by
      application of glutamate. 3. Gallamine was very effective and pirenzepine less
      effective, at inhibiting both spontaneous firing and the delayed firing induced
      by NBM stimulation. The short-latency excitations elicited by NBM stimulation
      were enhanced by these muscarinic antagonists. 4. Gallamine and pirenzepine
      enhanced cortical cholinoceptive cell firing induced by contralateral hindpaw
      stimulation. 5. It is concluded that gallamine depresses spontaneous activity
      more than pirenzepine, and that both compounds can affect the cortical cell
      firing evoked by stimulation of the NBM and of thalamo-cortical afferent fibres.

PMID- 3401639
TI  - Nisoldipine and perfusion of post-stenotic myocardium in conscious pigs with
      different degrees of concentric stenosis.
AB  - 1. The effects of oral nisoldipine on the perfusion and wall function of a
      myocardial segment distal to a fixed coronary artery stenosis were studied in 2
      groups of conscious pigs with different degrees of stenosis. In group 1 (n = 8)
      systolic wall thickening (SWT) of the post-stenotic segment was more than 15% (27
      +/- 4%); in group 2 (n = 7) SWT was less than 10% (7 +/- 1%). 2. The systemic
      haemodynamic profiles at baseline and during nisoldipine were similar in both
      groups. Dose-titrations of nisoldipine (0.24 +/- 0.02 mg kg-1 and 0.47 +/- 0.04
      mg kg-1) were performed to obtain increases in heart rate of 25% and 50%,
      respectively. These increases were accompanied by increases in cardiac output (up
      to 50%) and left ventricular (LV)dP/dt max (60%), while systemic vascular
      resistance (35%) and mean arterial blood pressure (10%) were reduced. Left
      ventricular systolic and end-diastolic blood pressure and stroke volume were not
      affected. 3. In both groups, nisoldipine caused increases in blood flow to the
      non-stenotic area which favoured the subepicardium more than the subendocardium.
      Blood flow to the post-stenotic area of group 1 was normal at baseline and was
      only slightly enhanced (preferentially to the subepicardium) by nisoldipine. In
      the post-stenotic area of group 2 transmural and subendocardial blood flow were
      lower at baseline compared to the control area. Nisoldipine did not affect
      subepicardial blood flow but reduced subendocardial blood flow. 4. In spite of
      the reflex-mediated positive chronotropic actions of nisoldipine, the acute
      poststenotic systolic wall thickening was not affected by nisoldipine in either
      group. 5. We conclude that, under the experimental conditions employed
      (concentric stenosis, no coronary collaterals and acute drug administration),
      nisoldipine does not have a useful effect on post-stenotic myocardial blood flow,
      particularly in animals with severe stenosis. In view of a possible resetting of
      the baroreceptors (subsiding of the tachycardia) with chronic treatment and the
      presence of eccentric stenosis in many patients, additional studies are
      warranted.

PMID- 3401640
TI  - Effects of cholecystokinin and related peptides on neuronal activity in the
      ventromedial nucleus of the rat hypothalamus.
AB  - 1. An investigation into the effects of cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8S) and
      its pentapeptide analogue, pentagastrin, on neurones located in ventromedial
      nuclei of rat hypothalamic slices maintained in vitro has been undertaken. 2. CCK
      8S (0.01-1.0 microM) applied in the perfusion medium produced a concentration
      dependent increase in firing rate. This effect could be mimicked by pentagastrin
      and was selectively blocked by L-364,718, a potent peripheral CCK receptor
      antagonist that has been shown to possess micromolar affinity for central CCK
      receptors. 3. Intracellular recordings from ventromedial nucleus neurons revealed
      two distinct populations with comparable resting membrane parameters but
      differing neuronal activity. One group fired tetrodotoxin (TTX)-sensitive action
      potentials spontaneously at resting membrane potential whilst the second group
      fired action potentials only on injection of depolarizing current and were
      otherwise silent. 4. Application of CCK-8S or pentagastrin to spontaneously
      active neurones produced a small depolarization concomitant with an increase in
      action potential firing rate but the peptides had no effect on membrane
      properties of 'silent' neurones. 5. These data suggest the existence of at least
      two populations of neurones in the ventromedial hypothalamus, only one of which
      is excited by CCK-8S and pentagastrin.

PMID- 3401641
TI  - Interference of the Paf antagonist Ro 19-3704 with Paf and antigen-induced
      bronchoconstriction in the guinea-pig.
AB  - 1. In vitro, Ro 19-3704, a structurally related antagonist of platelet-activating
      factor (Paf) inhibited selectively rabbit platelet aggregation. In vivo,
      administered intravenously, it inhibited bronchoconstriction, leukopenia,
      thrombocytopenia and the accompanying accumulation of platelet aggregates in
      guinea-pig lung microvessels induced by i.v. Paf. Administered by aerosol, Ro 19
      3704 failed to inhibit bronchoconstriction, thrombocytopenia or leukopenia due to
      i.v. Paf. 2. Bronchoconstriction induced by Paf, in aerosol form, was blocked by
      Ro 19-3704 administered by the i.v. or aerosol route, which suggests that it
      interacts with pulmonary cells responsible for bronchoconstriction. 3. Ro 19-3704
      has free radical scavenging properties, since it inhibited the production of
      superoxide anions by macrophages stimulated by Paf and by N-formyl-methionyl
      leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP). Ro 18-7715, another Paf antagonist and analogue of
      Ro 19-3704, failed to inhibit the production of superoxide anions by macrophages
      stimulated by FMLP at concentrations which were effective against Paf. 4.
      Administered intravenously, Ro 19-3704 failed to block bronchoconstriction
      induced by an i.v. injection of ovalbumin to guinea-pigs passively sensitized
      with anti-ovalbumin antiserum. Passive pulmonary anaphylaxis due to an aerosol of
      ovalbumin was blocked by i.v. Ro 19-3704.

PMID- 3401642
TI  - A study of the actions of P1-purinoceptor agonists and antagonists in the mouse
      vas deferens in vitro.
AB  - 1. We have examined the effects of purinoceptor agonists and antagonists on the
      mechanical 'twitch' response, excitatory junction potential (e.j.p.) amplitude
      and [3H]-noradrenaline overflow in the mouse vas deferens. 2. The agonist profile
      for inhibition of the mechanical response was N6-([R]-2-phenylisopropyl)adenosine
      (L-PIA) congruent to N6-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) greater than 5' N
      ethylcarboxamido-adenosine (NECA) greater than 2-chloroadenosine (2ClA) congruent
      N6-([S]-2-phenylisopropyl)adenosine (D-PIA). 3. The P1-purinoceptor agonists
      inhibited the e.j.p. with an agonist profile of CHA greater than L-PIA congruent
      to NECA greater than 2ClA. 4. 2ClA inhibited [3H]-noradrenaline overflow with an
      EC50 of 1.2 microM which was not significantly different from the values for
      inhibition of the e.j.p. and the mechanical response. 5. The inhibitory action of
      2ClA on the mechanical response was antagonized by 5 microM 8-phenyltheophylline
      (8-PT). However, neither blockade of P1-purinoceptors by 8-PT nor increasing the
      rate of degradation of endogenous adenosine by addition of adenosine deaminase
      had any effect on the mechanical response per se. 8-PT (5 microM) also failed to
      alter the e.j.p. amplitude or [3H]-noradrenaline overflow. 6. These results
      indicate that there are P1-purinoceptors present on sympathetic nerve terminals
      of the mouse vas deferens which are more like A1- than A2-receptors, but may be
      better classified as being of the A3-subtype (Ribeiro & Sebastiao, 1986). These
      receptors are not normally involved in the feedback regulation of transmitter
      release in this tissue.

PMID- 3401643
TI  - The involvement of afferent nerve terminals in the stimulation of ion transport
      by bradykinin in rat isolated colon.
AB  - 1. The actions of bradykinin (Bk) were investigated on rat colon epithelium
      preparations that had been stripped of the muscle layers. The electrogenic ion
      flux was monitored by measuring changes in the short circuit current (SCC)
      produced by addition of drugs. Bk, administered to the basolateral side, but not
      apical side, of the epithelium evoked an increase in SCC which was separable into
      two distinct components, both of which were mediated mainly by chloride efflux.
      2. The early component was robust, reproducible and exhibited clear concentration
      dependency with an EC50 of 6.2 nM. The second phase of the response exhibited a
      much slower time course than the first phase and diminished amplitude with
      repeated applications of Bk. 3. In preparations of unstripped epithelium,
      bradykinin (Bk) evoked mainly a slow neurogenic response which was attenuated or
      abolished by tetrodotoxin (TTX). When the epithelium was stripped off, TTX had
      little effect either on the baseline SCC or on responses to Bk. 4. Perfusion with
      zero calcium solution did not affect the early phase but abolished the late phase
      of the Bk response. Verapamil (20 microM), but not nifedipine (20 microM), also
      attenuated the later phase of the response. 5. Capsaicin (2 microM) administered
      to the basolateral, but not the apical, side produced an increase in SCC.
      Following desensitization to capsaicin the second phase of the response to Bk was
      abolished with little effect on the initial response to Bk. 6. The data suggest
      that Bk increases the efflux of chloride ions across the colonic epithelium in at
      least two ways: (a) by an action on the epithelial cells and (b) by an action on
      neuronal elements within the epithelium. This latter effect of Bk is due to
      stimulation of capsaicin-sensitive nerve terminals within the mucosa of the colon
      epithelium causing the release of a mediator which is responsible for the second
      phase of the response to Bk.

PMID- 3401644
TI  - Comparison of the haemodynamic effects of the selective bradycardic agent UL-FS
      49, with those of propranolol during treadmill exercise in dogs.
AB  - 1. To clarify whether the bradycardic agent UL-FS 49 exhibits a positive
      inotropic effect even in the absence of improvement in regional myocardial
      function of an underperfused myocardial area, this study was undertaken in dogs
      with unimpaired coronary flow. 2. We also investigated the haemodynamic and
      functional effects of the negative chronotropic and inotropic beta-adrenoceptor
      blocker propranolol. 3. UL-FS 49 did not depress total or regional myocardial
      performance. Moreover, an increase in positive left ventricular dp/dt max at rest
      suggests a positive inotropic effect of UL-FS 49. 4. Propranolol, in contrast to
      UL-FS 49, led to a marked reduction in positive dp/dt max, stroke volume and
      systolic wall thickening at rest and during exercise. Additionally, propranolol
      decreased the exercise values of cardiac output, left ventricular work and left
      ventricular power to a far greater extent than UL-FS 49. 5. In contrast to
      propranolol, the selective bradycardic agent UL-FS 49 did not decrease total or
      regional ventricular performance and caused less reduction in cardiodynamic
      parameters during exercise. 6. These results suggest that patients with moderate
      coronary insufficiency or patients with coronary vessel disease and mild left
      ventricular failure may attain a higher exercise limit under selective
      bradycardia with UL-FS 49 in comparison to that possible with a beta-adrenoceptor
      antagonist, such as propranolol.

PMID- 3401646
TI  - Abnormal mitochondria in cultured synovial fibroblasts in rheumatoid and reactive
      arthritis?
AB  - This paper summarizes our recent studies on synovial fibroblast cultures started
      from patients with rheumatoid or reactive arthritis and from healthy controls.
      Analysis of these cultures by flow cytometry, spectroscopy and electron
      microscopy revealed consistent differences between arthritic and normal
      fibroblasts. Increased autofluorescence, exceptional light scatter properties,
      rhodamine-123 staining and electron microscopic findings of fibroblasts from
      arthritis patients suggest involvement of mitochondria in the disease process.
      Conditioned media of activated monocytes induced in the mitochondria of normal
      synovial fibroblasts changes similar to those observed in the fibroblasts
      originating from patients with rheumatoid or reactive arthritis.

PMID- 3401647
TI  - Antigens of HLA-DR locus in rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - HLA-DR1 was found in 45% and HLA-DR4 in 34% of 127 patients with rheumatoid
      arthritis.

PMID- 3401645
TI  - Clonidine effects on disposition of xenobiotics in rats: inhibited elimination of
      flow-limited but not extraction-limited agents.
AB  - 1. The alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist, clonidine, reduces the hepatobiliary
      clearance of the anionic dye, sulphobromophthalein (BSP) in rodents. We now
      compare the effects of clonidine on BSP elimination with its effects on
      disposition of compounds which are metabolized by hepatic microsomal mixed
      function oxidases. 2. BSP, 100 mg kg-1 was administered i.v. to rats at 4 h after
      s.c. saline or clonidine, 0.2 mg kg-1. Thirty min later, plasma BSP levels were
      121.4 +/- 2.25 micrograms ml-1 in saline-treated rats, while in clonidine-treated
      rats they were 631.5 +/- 141.0 micrograms ml-1. Clonidine raised hepatic BSP
      levels from 256.0 +/- 28.9 micrograms g-1 tissue to 568.5 +/- 86.5 micrograms g
      1. 3. Acute administration of clonidine (0.2 mg kg-1 s.c.) or repeated clonidine
      dosing (0.2 mg kg-1, s.c. twice daily for 10 days) did not affect the disposition
      of intravenously administered [14C]-antipyrine (15 mg kg-1). 4. Activities of the
      P450 mixed function oxidase enzymes, aniline hydroxylase and aminopyrine N
      demethylase, were identical in liver microsomes from saline-treated rats and in
      microsomes from rats given single or multiple s.c. doses of clonidine (0.2 mg kg
      1). 5. Addition of clonidine or other 2-substituted imidazoles at concentrations
      up to 2 microM did not affect the activities of aniline hydroxylase or of
      aminopyrine N-demethylase in suspensions of rat liver microsomes. Other
      substituted imidazoles, including cimetidine, clotrimazole and metronidazole, at
      concentrations of 0.2 microM or higher, inhibited the activities of these
      microsomal enzymes. 6. Clonidine slowed BSP elimination, which is probably
      hepatic blood flow-limited, but not the extraction-limited elimination of
      antipyrine, which is metabolized by hepatic microsomal enzymes.

PMID- 3401650
TI  - An overview of research into ankylosing spondylitis and rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 3401648
TI  - Prevalence of familial occurrence in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - We studied 985 consecutive patients with definite or classical rheumatoid
      arthritis (RA) at an arthritis clinic, between April 1976 and August 1986, to
      investigate the prevalence of familial disease. We have demonstrated that at
      least 10.9% of unrelated patients with definite or classical RA have one or more
      first-degree relative(s) affected with definite or classical RA. Moreover,
      familial RA is not more severe than the more prevalent non-familial, i.e.
      sporadic, form of the disease.

PMID- 3401649
TI  - Observations on the causes of rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Inflammatory, symmetrical peripheral polyarthritis is observed in a small
      proportion of patients following a variety of parasitic, viral and microbial
      infections. The development of such a post-infective arthritis disorder may
      depend on a sequence of events, which need not be confined to one extrinsic
      pathogenic organism.

PMID- 3401651
TI  - Cross-reactivity studies on bacteria believed to be associated with inflammatory
      bowel disease (IBD), ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and reactive arthritis (ReA).
AB  - Six bacteria believed to be associated with IBD and/or AS and ReA were
      investigated for antigenic cross-reactivity using an ELISA. Considerable degrees
      of cross-reactivity were detected and it is suggested that if bacterial antigens
      are involved aetiologically in the diseases, no specific bacterium is concerned.

PMID- 3401652
TI  - Factors associated with the development of reactive arthritis.
AB  - The role of the causative microorganism in the generation of reactive arthritis
      is decisive, but host factors are also of major importance. Patients who develop
      reactive arthritis after Yersinia enteritis show several interesting features in
      the immunological defence against Yersinia when compared to those who recover
      uneventfully. When all these peculiarities are taken together, they strongly
      indicate that in the patients developing reactive arthritis the causative
      microorganism enters host tissues to persist within the body for prolonged
      periods of time.

PMID- 3401653
TI  - Experimental Yersinia-associated arthritis in the spontaneously hypertensive rat.
AB  - Sterile arthritis resembling human reactive arthritis was induced in
      spontaneously hypertensive SHR rats by intravenous injection of live Yersinia
      enterocolitica 0:8. Histologically the synovitis appears as proliferation of the
      lining cell layer, with inflammatory cells present in the subsynovium. The
      inflammatory cells are mostly lymphocytes. Infection with Yersinia enterocolitica
      0:3 or Yersinia pseudotuberculosis did not induce arthritis. Susceptibility to
      Yersinia-associated arthritis is not determined by the major histocompatibility
      complex (MHC), since rats of the normotensive control strain (WKY) with the same
      MHC do not develop arthritis.

PMID- 3401654
TI  - Monitoring of upper urinary tract pressures in the ambulatory patient.
AB  - A new method to measure simultaneous intrarenal, intravesical and rectal
      pressures has been evaluated in 6 ambulatory patients with equivocal upper tract
      obstruction on radiological, renographic and standard Whitaker investigations.

PMID- 3401655
TI  - Simple method for the study of heterogeneous nucleation in calcium oxalate
      urolithiasis.
AB  - A simple method, based on optic microscopy and a counting chamber, has been
      devised for the study of heterogeneous nucleation in calcium oxalate
      urolithiasis. Calcium phosphate, uric acid, silica and macromolecular mucoprotein
      are proposed as possible nucleants. The importance of heterogeneous nucleation as
      a fundamental step in the formation of calcium oxalate calculi is demonstrated.

PMID- 3401656
TI  - Covariance biplot analysis of trace element concentrations in urinary stones.
AB  - The covariance biplot, a relatively new technique for displaying multivariate
      data, was applied to trace element contents and compound concentrations of
      urinary stones. The biplot is demonstrated to give a compact graphical
      representation of the multivariate data with interpretations in terms of familiar
      statistical concepts such as correlations and standard deviations. It displays
      strong correlations between various trace elements like Zn and Sr, and Sr and Na.
      The biplot also suggests concentration relationships which could play a hitherto
      unknown role in the genesis of calculi. It is shown to help in the interpretation
      of analytical results as well as in exposing erroneous or incomplete analyses.

PMID- 3401657
TI  - Acupuncture in the treatment of bladder instability.
AB  - Twenty patients with lower urinary tract symptoms attributable to bladder
      instability or sensory urgency were treated with traditional Chinese acupuncture;
      77% of patients with idiopathic detrusor instability were symptomatically cured.
      Urodynamic assessment after treatment showed no consistent changes and
      instability was abolished in only 1 patient. Bladder capacity rose in those who
      responded. Acupuncture is safe and free of complications and side effects. In
      patients with diurnal symptoms associated with idiopathic bladder instability it
      offers a therapy as effective as other non-invasive treatments.

PMID- 3401658
TI  - Relative value of antibiotics and catheter care in the prevention of urinary
      tract infection after transurethral prostatic resection.
AB  - One hundred patients were prospectively randomised into two groups to receive
      either a single dose of 1 g ampicillin and 80 mg gentamicin pre-operatively or no
      antibiotic prophylaxis. The incidence of breakage in the continuity of the closed
      drainage system was documented. All patients with urinary tract infection (UTI),
      catheterisation, clinical prostatic carcinoma, neurogenic bladder and bladder
      tumours were excluded. UTIs, bacteraemia and fever were noted. There were 7 late
      exclusions. The incidence of UTI in the control and antibiotic groups was 16 and
      17% respectively. No blood cultures were positive. There were no significant
      differences in the incidence of fever between the two groups. A break in the
      closed drainage system occurred in 13 patients. Fifteen of the 93 developed UTI.
      A break in the closed drainage system occurred in 7 of the 15 patients (40%) with
      UTI. Of the 78 patients without UTI, 8 had a break (10%). This difference was
      highly significant. We recommend that less emphasis be placed on prophylactic
      antibiotics and more on avoiding breakage of the closed system in the prevention
      of UTI after transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) in the low risk
      situation.

PMID- 3401659
TI  - Experience with electrohydraulic shockwave lithotripsy in the treatment of
      vesical calculi.
AB  - Five hundred and two patients with bladder stones have been treated by
      electrohydraulic shockwave lithotripsy (EHSWL) with the Wolf RIWOLTH-2135
      disintegrator. The patients were aged between 18 and 80 years. The largest stone
      measured 3.6 x 4.8 cm but most were less than 3 cm; 533 stones were disintegrated
      in the 502 patients. The indications and complications of the treatment are
      discussed.

PMID- 3401660
TI  - Urethral dilatation compared with cystoscopy alone in the treatment of women with
      recurrent frequency and dysuria.
AB  - The relative merits of cystoscopy alone and cystoscopy plus urethral dilatation
      were compared in a randomised study of women with recurrent frequency and
      dysuria. One hundred women were studied before and at least 6 months after
      operation. A detailed questionnaire was completed, the severity of the symptoms
      was scored and patients underwent urodynamic investigation. Forty-eight patients
      underwent cystoscopy alone and 52 underwent urethral dilatation. The two groups
      were well matched with regard to age, parity, menopausal status, previous
      gynaecological surgery and severity of symptoms. A significant improvement in
      symptoms was observed in both groups after treatment: 30% had no residual
      symptoms, 50% were improved and 20% were no better. However, no difference in
      final outcome was observed between those who had undergone cystoscopy alone and
      those who had undergone urethral dilatation. Furthermore, 7 patients who
      underwent urethral dilatation experienced transient stress incontinence of urine,
      a complication not observed in women who underwent cystoscopy alone. No benefit
      was observed from the addition of urethral dilatation to cystoscopy alone in
      women with recurrent frequency and dysuria.

PMID- 3401661
TI  - Transitional cell carcinoma of the urethra in men after radical cystectomy for
      bladder cancer. Is prophylactic urethrectomy indicated?
AB  - A retrospective study of the incidence and clinical course of transitional cell
      carcinoma of the urethra is reported. Of 110 consecutive male patients who
      underwent cystectomy during a 9-year period, 9 had or developed a urethral
      tumour. Five patients undergoing radical cystectomy had known or suspected
      urethral involvement which was confirmed at urethrectomy. All 5 had deeply
      invasive (T3 or T4) transitional cell carcinomas of the bladder and subsequently
      died of metastatic disease. Four patients underwent urethrectomy because of signs
      or symptoms of urethral recurrence at an average interval of 2.5 years after
      cystectomy. There were two deaths in this group, neither of which appeared to be
      due to urethral recurrence. Six additional patients had undergone prophylactic
      urethrectomy because of prostatic urethral involvement or diffuse carcinoma in
      situ in the cystectomy specimen, and none had identifiable tumour in the anterior
      urethra. The residual urethra is a potential focus for recurrent tumour and this
      necessitates careful follow-up with serial cytology, but the low incidence of
      urethral recurrence (3.5% in this series) does not appear to warrant routine
      urethrectomy at the time of cystectomy.

PMID- 3401662
TI  - Is the incidence of testis cancer related to trauma or temperature?
AB  - The position of the testes reduces their temperature but makes them vulnerable to
      trauma. Patients with testis cancer frequently report prior testicular trauma,
      but this trauma may have triggered diagnosis of the tumor rather than been
      aetiological. In this study, the frequencies of various prior traumatic and
      temperature exposures in 259 patients with testis cancer were compared with their
      frequencies in two sets of control patients who did not have testis cancer.
      Particular effort was made to prevent bias. Testis cancer was not significantly
      associated with any temperature or trauma exposure and the confidence limits of
      the findings excluded substantially raised risks. The evidence suggests that
      raised temperatures and traumas commonly encountered in everyday life are not
      important risk factors for testis cancer. The possible aetiological roles of
      extreme trauma sufficient to cause atrophy, and of the trauma and raised
      temperature which can occur in cryptorchidism, however, need investigation by
      other methods.

PMID- 3401663
TI  - Management of clinical data in urology. Experience with integrated personal
      computers and a relational database.
AB  - The use of microcomputers in medicine is rapidly increasing. To handle clinical
      data and to facilitate clinical research, a system based on several personal
      computers that can be linked together was developed. Commercially available
      software was used, consisting of a powerful relational database complemented by
      programs for statistics, graphics and desk top publishing. The low cost, modular
      and flexible system was handled by untrained personnel; computer specialists were
      not needed. Data on more than 1100 patients have been entered so far and data
      retrieval can be done by the physician "on the spot" using standard prefabricated
      reports. Data can then be analysed statistically and processed to graphics and
      publications.

PMID- 3401664
TI  - Youssef's syndrome.

PMID- 3401665
TI  - Congenital urethral polyp in an adult.

PMID- 3401666
TI  - Renal oncocytoma diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration cytology.

PMID- 3401667
TI  - Concomitant benign adrenal and malignant extra-adrenal phaeochromocytomas.

PMID- 3401668
TI  - Scrotal swelling due to perianeurysmal fibrosis.

PMID- 3401669
TI  - Fournier's gangrene following vasectomy.

PMID- 3401670
TI  - Outpatient assessment of penile curvature.

PMID- 3401673
TI  - Milk quotas--alternative options for the farmer.

PMID- 3401672
TI  - The economics of milk production, 1988.

PMID- 3401671
TI  - Parasites of Australian marsupials.

PMID- 3401674
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of pralidoxime in Bubalus bubalis.

PMID- 3401675
TI  - Tissue lead distribution and pathological findings in lead exposed dogs
      maintained on fat and calcium modified diets.

PMID- 3401676
TI  - The influence of season and husbandry on the selenium status of sheep in a
      deficient area.

PMID- 3401677
TI  - Serum progesterone concentrations during the post-partum period of indigenous
      Nigerian zebu cows.

PMID- 3401678
TI  - Interval between calving and first observable oestrus in post-partum Bunaji cows.

PMID- 3401679
TI  - Progesterone concentrations in plasma, saliva and milk of cows in different
      reproductive states.

PMID- 3401680
TI  - A direct radioimmunoassay for oestrone sulphate in serum.

PMID- 3401681
TI  - Lameness and pregnancy in Friesian dairy cows.

PMID- 3401682
TI  - Turkey rhinotracheitis: detection of antibodies using an ELISA test.

PMID- 3401683
TI  - Gamma-aminobutyric acid concentration in brain tissue at two stages of
      Alzheimer's disease.
AB  - The concentration of the inhibitory neurotransmitter, gamma-aminobutyric acid
      (GABA), was measured in the cerebral cortex obtained at diagnostic craniotomy
      from 10 patients with Alzheimer's disease of 3 yrs mean duration and 6 patients
      with other causes of dementia, and from 31 subjects undergoing other
      neurosurgical procedures (for which removal of apparently normal tissue was
      necessary). GABA content of 5 areas of the cerebral cortex and the cerebellar
      cortex was measured postmortem in the brains of 23 Alzheimer and 19 control
      subjects and 5 patients with other causes of dementia. Fourteen of these
      specimens, including 7 from patients with Alzheimer's disease of 8 yrs mean
      duration, were obtained within 3 h of death. These were processed in a similar
      manner to the neurosurgical specimens and are regarded also as fresh tissue
      samples. The remaining 33 specimens are regarded as conventional postmortem
      samples as the mean interval of death to autopsy was 21 h. GABA concentration in
      conventional autopsy specimens from Alzheimer subjects was not reduced as
      compared with controls in either cingulate or cerebellar cortex. In the inferior
      parietal cortex, agonal status confounded this comparison. The concentration was
      reduced in superior parietal, frontal and temporal cortex but there is a
      possibility that agonal state also confounded these comparisons. There was no
      deficit in GABA concentration in fresh cortical tissue from Alzheimer patients
      except for the temporal lobe from autopsy specimens. The content of somatostatin
      like immunoreactivity was, like GABA, found to be comparable to control in some
      groups of Alzheimer specimens. It is argued that the deficits in autopsy samples
      and lack of change in surgical specimens is likely to be due to the duration of
      illness at the time of sampling. Losses of choline acetyltransferase activity
      were observed in all groups of Alzheimer specimens in all areas of brain studied.
      The data are consistent with other results which suggest that cholinergic under
      activity is most closely related to the clinical course of Alzheimer's disease.

PMID- 3401684
TI  - Activation of neck muscles from the human motor cortex.
AB  - Percutaneous stimulation of the motor cortex has been used to assess directly the
      supranuclear projection to the sternomastoid, trapezius and splenius capitis
      muscles. The projection to sternomastoid had a mean latency of 6.5 ms for the
      contralateral electromyographic response. A smaller and more variable response,
      usually with a longer latency (mean 9.5 ms), occurred in the ipsilateral
      sternomastoid. Electromyographic responses on both sides were potentiated by
      voluntary contraction or strong inspiratory efforts. They were evoked at lower
      stimulus intensities in the contralateral sternomastoid. Short-latency responses
      were recorded from the contralateral but not the ipsilateral trapezius and
      splenius capitis muscles. These results indicate that weakness of head rotation
      towards the hemiplegic limb following a supranuclear lesion may reflect reduced
      power of dorsal neck muscles rather than of sternomastoid.

PMID- 3401685
TI  - The clinical spectrum of alcoholic pellagra encephalopathy. A retrospective
      analysis of 22 cases studied pathologically.
AB  - A retrospective clinical study of 22 heavy alcohol drinkers is reported in which
      postmortem study showed diffuse chromatolysis of neurons identical to that found
      in neurological pellagra, associated in 13 cases with Marchiafava-Bignami disease
      and/or Wernicke-Korsakoff disease. The clinical features included confusion
      and/or clouding of consciousness, marked oppositional hypertonus ('gegenhalten')
      and myoclonus. Because of the frequent coexistence of other alcoholic
      encephalopathies in the same patient, alcoholic pellagra was often unrecognized.
      Fifteen patients received thiamine and pyridoxine therapy without niacin. It
      appeared to aggravate the neurological state or to trigger the development of
      alcoholic pellagra encephalopathy in 9 cases. The relationship between pellagra
      occurring during thiamine and pyridoxine therapy and 'nicotinic acid deficiency'
      is discussed. Multiple vitamin therapy should be given in the treatment of
      undiagnosed encephalopathies in alcoholic patients.

PMID- 3401686
TI  - Chromatolysis in alcoholic encephalopathies. Pellagra-like changes in 22 cases.
AB  - In 22 patients with alcoholic encephalopathies, chromatolysis similar to that
      reported in endemic pellagra was found on postmortem examination. No gross
      macroscopic changes were seen in affected areas and only neurons were involved.
      The changes consisted of central chromatolysis, seen predominantly in the
      brainstem, especially in the pontine nuclei, where they were constant, and in the
      cerebellar dentate nuclei. Nuclei of cranial nerves (mainly the third, sixth,
      seventh and eighty), the reticular nuclei, arcuate nuclei and posterior horn
      cells, were also markedly affected. Changes were sometimes seen in the cerebral
      cortex, the interpeduncular nuclei, the central mesencephalic grey matter, the
      colliculi, the tenth and twelfth cranial nerve and perihypoglossal nuclei, the
      gracile and cuneate nuclei and anterior horn cells. This distribution was
      different from that reported in endemic and 'endogenous' pellagra or in isoniazid
      induced pellagra encephalopathy. Central chromatolysis was the only pertinent
      finding of the CNS examination in 9 cases. In 8 cases, chromatolysis was
      associated with Marchiafava-Bignami encephalopathy, in 4 cases with Wernicke
      Korsakoff encephalopathy, and in 1 other case with both. Mild degeneration of
      spinal cord tracts was seen in 3 cases. The chromatolysis of alcoholic pellagra
      did not appear to be a retrograde change related to axonal degeneration. Systemic
      examination showed liver changes in 15/16 cases. Treatment of these cases had not
      included niacin. No differences were found between cases given thiamine and
      pyridoxine and those which had not. Microscopic examination of the pons is
      essential in alcoholic encephalopathies.

PMID- 3401687
TI  - Clinical and morphometric analysis of biopsied biceps brachii muscles in adult
      onset chronic proximal spinal muscular atrophy. With special reference to
      intramuscular nerves.
AB  - In a group of 16 cases with adult-onset chronic proximal spinal muscular atrophy,
      we performed a morphometric analysis of 88 intramuscular nerves in biopsied
      biceps brachii muscles and correlated this analysis with clinical and
      histochemical parameters. The total number of large and small myelinated fibres
      in all fascicles was reduced to 71%, 23% and 83% of control values, respectively.
      The percentage reduction of large myelinated fibres for each case was
      significantly correlated with duration of illness, biceps muscle power and
      histochemical atrophy factors. Histograms of large intramuscular nerve fascicles
      showed unimodal distributions and shifts to the left with single peak increases
      at 1 micron. The densities of small myelinated fibres in large fascicles
      correlated with counts of 'enclosed' muscle fibres in ATPase preparations.
      Compared with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, a lesser reduction of large
      myelinated fibres, but a greater increase in small myelinated fibres, was noted
      in adult-onset chronic proximal spinal muscular atrophy. These findings imply
      that there is a less marked loss of myelinated nerve fibres with more effective
      reinnervation in adult-onset chronic proximal spinal muscular atrophy than in
      amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

PMID- 3401688
TI  - Voluntary muscle control in normal and athetoid dysarthric speakers.
AB  - Time domain and frequency domain analyses were performed on smoothed and averaged
      electromyographic (IEMG) activity recorded intramuscularly from 6 muscles of the
      lips, tongue and jaw during speech in normal and athetoid cerebral palsy
      subjects. The speech IEMG waveforms in both groups were composed of slowly
      changing tonic activity merging with more rapidly changing phasic bursts.
      Significant increases both in the durations and average levels of IEMG activity
      in the athetoid subjects resulted in a 5- to 30-fold increase in the speech
      muscle energy expended by these subjects. The peak-to-peak amplitudes of the IEMG
      activity were significantly increased in the athetoid subjects, commensurate with
      their increased average levels, thus demonstrating that they could vary their
      muscle contraction levels over a wide range. The velocities (rates of change) of
      muscle IEMG activity did not differ significantly between the two groups. The
      velocity of the IEMG activity increased linearly with its amplitude in both
      subject groups, but the durations of the IEMG bursts nevertheless were highly
      variable. The slope of the velocity-amplitude relation in the athetoid subjects
      was less than half that in the normal subjects, suggesting that the frequency
      bandwidth of muscle activity was reduced in the athetoid subjects, despite a
      normal range of IEMG velocities. The frequency analysis confirmed this
      suggestion. The upper limit of the average frequency spectrum of voluntary muscle
      activity for speech was 7 Hz in the normal subjects, whereas this limit was 4 Hz
      in the athetoid subjects. In the normal subjects each muscle had a different
      frequency spectrum, whereas the spectra for the 6 muscles were remarkably uniform
      in the athetoid subjects, implying an abnormality in the functional organization
      of their muscles. The findings of this study showed clearly that the
      temporospatial patterns of voluntary muscle activity in the athetoid subjects
      were grossly abnormal. Since this voluntary activity was reproducible across
      multiple repetitions of the same speech sample, the dysarthria in these speakers
      may be attributed to abnormal control of voluntary activity, not to involuntary
      movement. The results support the view that the primary disability in cerebral
      palsy is a disruption of the physiological mechanisms which subserve the
      acquisition of motor skills.

PMID- 3401689
TI  - Serial gadolinium enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in multiple sclerosis.
AB  - Serial gadolinium-DTPA (Gd-DTPA) enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was
      performed in 9 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). On the first scan enhancing
      lesions were seen in 7 patients, all of whom were in acute relapse. Most
      enhancing lesions were asymptomatic. On the second scan (3 to 5 weeks later),
      persisting enhancement was seen in only 12/54 lesions which enhanced on the first
      scan. No lesion showed persisting enhancement on the third scan (after 6 months).
      Enhancement occurred in all 12 new lesion areas seen on the unenhanced second
      scan and in 8 of 15 new lesions seen on the third scan. Enhancement was also seen
      in 4 older lesions which had been nonenhancing on earlier scans. Relaxation time
      measurements demonstrated a high water content in some nonenhancing lesions,
      which could be due to a subtle blood-brain barrier disturbance not detected with
      Gd-DTPA. The results show that blood-brain barrier impairment is a consistent
      finding in new MS lesions detected with MRI. Gd-DTPA is a useful marker of new
      and biologically active lesions and should prove of value in monitoring
      therapeutic trials in MS.

PMID- 3401691
TI  - The naming disorder of dementia of Alzheimer type.
AB  - We studied the characteristics of the naming disorder of dementia of the
      Alzheimer type (DAT) in 20 patients, who were divided on the basis of Mini-Mental
      State scores into a mild and a moderate-severe group. Our results confirmed the
      presence of a progressive anomia which was sensitive both to word frequency and
      to image quality. Although DAT patients as a group made a similar proportion of
      perceptual-recognition and aphasic errors as did our age and education-matched
      controls, evidence was obtained that suggested that variations in the character
      of the anomia exist among individual DAT patients.

PMID- 3401690
TI  - Fragile X speech phonology in Finnish.
AB  - Fragile X syndrome is a recently discovered relatively common syndrome linked
      with an anomaly of the X chromosome and causing handicaps of cognitive
      development especially in males. In the present phonological analysis we will
      discuss the sound patterns of two Finnish fragile X speakers, a five (borderline
      intelligence)- and an eight (mildly mentally retarded)-year-old boy. The fragile
      X syndrome is not necessarily linked with any anomalies of speech organs. The
      subjects could produce all Finnish speech sounds in isolated test words. However,
      in the present samples of connected speech they exhibited general dysphonology.
      What is noteworthy is that their phonological error patterns resembled each other
      to a great extent. Among the common features were the tendencies to substitute
      and omit phonemes. As for vowels, our results showed about one-half of the errors
      to be omissions. Labiality and quantity oppositions were quite resistant to
      substitution. Most substitution errors of place of consonants occurred in
      dentals. As for the feature of manner, /r/ and /s/ were the phonemes most prone
      for substitution. A tendency toward spirantization or /h/ sation was common for
      both patients. The number of additions was clearly lower than has been reported
      for English-speaking developmentally dyspraxic children and also for Finnish
      Broca's aphasics. The speech problems of our patients seemed to indicate higher
      level motor encoding problems of linguistic information rather than peripheral
      articulatory deficits.

PMID- 3401692
TI  - Selective loss of complex-pitch or speech discrimination after unilateral lesion.
AB  - Twenty-eight right-handed patients who suffered a single cerebrovascular accident
      in the distribution of either the left or right middle cerebral artery were
      tested on their ability to discriminate complex-pitch and speech stimuli
      presented dichotically. Whereas the left hemisphere lesion group was impaired in
      dichotic speech but not in dichotic complex-pitch discrimination, the right
      hemisphere lesion group was impaired in dichotic complex pitch but not in
      dichotic speech discrimination. Complex-pitch phenomena may provide a useful
      model for the study of auditory function in the nondominant hemisphere.

PMID- 3401693
TI  - Hemispheric specialization for voice recognition: evidence from dichotic
      listening.
AB  - To measure lateralization of voice recognition abilities in normal subjects,
      listeners identified both the speaker (a famous male) and the word spoken on each
      trial in a dichotic listening paradigm. The voice identification task resulted in
      a zero ear advantage, which differed significantly from the significant right ear
      advantage found for word identification. This suggests that voice and word
      information, although carried in the same auditory signal, engage different
      cerebral mechanisms.

PMID- 3401694
TI  - Bilateral opercular syndrome and crossed aphemia due to a right insular lesion: a
      clinicopathological study.
AB  - A right-handed male patient suddenly noted lower bilateral facial and lingual
      palsy, and inability to masticate and swallow, but with preserved automatic
      functions. He was mute, communicating only through writing, but verbal
      comprehension was normal (aphemia). On anatomopathological examination, an
      ischemic infarction of the entire right insula, with mild extension to the fronto
      temporoparietal operculum was observed. The left hemisphere was normal. The
      clinical findings suggest a bilateral opercular syndrome due to a right
      hemisphere lesion and a crossed aphemia.

PMID- 3401695
TI  - Hemispheric asymmetry in the identification of four-letter names traced in the
      right and left palms.
AB  - Forty right-handed males were asked to identify four-letter names traced in
      either the right or left palms while their eyes were closed. The name stimuli
      were traced in a right-side-up or upside-down orientation (i.e., vertical or
      rotated 180 degrees). Mean percentage of errors served as the dependent variable.
      On the first block of 40 trials, the left palm/right hemisphere (LP/RH) was
      significantly more accurate than the right palm/left hemisphere (RP/LH) at
      identifying these names. This advantage, however, was only manifest when the name
      stimuli were traced in the upside-down orientation. On the second block of 40
      trials, as the name stimuli became more familiar and the subjects became more
      practiced, a similar LP/RH advantage was observed; however, the impact of the
      rotation variable was no longer in evidence (i.e., the LP/RH was slightly more
      accurate on both upright and inverted names). These results are interpreted in
      light of a process-oriented tactile asymmetry as proposed by M. W. O'Boyle, F.
      Van Wyhe-Lawler, and D. A. Miller (1987, Brain and Cognition, 6, 474-494).

PMID- 3401696
TI  - Lexical decision and naming asymmetries: influence of response selection and
      response bias.
AB  - Signal detection measures were used to evaluate the effects of several response
      variables (manual vs. vocal, Go-NoGo vs. Yes-No) on lexical decision asymmetries.
      An unvarying right visual field advantage in discriminability (d') was observed
      in each condition. However, response criteria (beta) varied over visual fields
      and conditions. Naming and lexical decision were shown to have equivalent
      asymmetries when the effects of response bias are removed. The results indicate
      that postaccess decision processes make important contributions to lexical
      decision asymmetries.

PMID- 3401697
TI  - Treatment, subtype, and word type effects in dyslexic children's response to
      remediation.
AB  - Children diagnosed as accuracy-disabled or rate-disabled readers (Lovett, 1984a,
      1986, 1987) were randomly assigned to one of three treatment conditions providing
      training in word recognition and decoding skills (DS), oral and written language
      (OWLS), or classroom survival skills (an alternative treatment control). The
      experimental treatment programs exerted a positive treatment effect on the word
      recognition performances of both groups, but treatment-specific changes in
      contextual reading and oral language skill were not observed. Pre- and post
      treatment comparisons on an experimental word recognition task revealed a post
      test advantage for DS-trained children of both subgroups. Accuracy-disabled
      readers demonstrated treatment-specific gains for both orthographically regular
      words (e.g., wade) and for exception words (e.g., broad), with their gains
      greater on exception words. Rate-disabled children demonstrated treatment
      specific gains only for exception words, but exhibited these gains following both
      the DS and the OWLS treatments. Although both experimental treatment programs
      were associated with a positive outcome for the rate disabled subgroup, DS
      training was associated with relatively greater treatment gain. These data
      suggest that the critical variables underlying the effectiveness of the DS
      treatment include the specific lexical knowledge these disabled readers acquired,
      their greater reliance on an orthographic pattern procedure in word recognition,
      and/or the fact that newly acquired items were practiced to a point approximating
      automatization.

PMID- 3401698
TI  - A note on the distinction between attention deficit disorder and reading
      disability: are there group-specific cognitive deficits?

PMID- 3401699
TI  - Measurement and partial characterization of the C-terminal flanking peptides from
      bovine preprotachykinins in extracts of brain and gut.
AB  - Sequence analysis of bovine cDNAs has shown that the biosynthetic precursors of
      the tachykinins (alpha-, beta- and gamma-preprotachykinins) contain a common
      amino acid sequence [AYERSVMQDYERRRK] in the C-terminal flanking region. Using an
      antiserum raised against the synthetic peptide [YERSVMQDYE] in a specific
      radioimmunoassay, preprotachykinin C-terminal flanking peptide (C-PPT)-like
      immunoreactivity was measured in extracts of bovine corpus striatum, cerebral
      cortex and small intestine in concentrations that were equimolar with substance
      P. Consistent with the presence of two amino acid substitutions in the C-terminal
      flanking region of human and rat preprotachykinins, the antiserum did not detect
      immunoreactivity in extracts of human and rat tissues. Chromatographic analysis
      of the extracts identified two major immunoreactive components. It is proposed
      that they represent the 16-amino acid residue C-terminal flanking peptide derived
      from beta- and gamma-preprotachykinins and the 37-amino acid residue C-terminal
      flanking peptide derived from alpha-preprotachykinin. Treatment of tissue
      extracts with carboxypeptidase B did not result in a change in C-PPT-like
      immunoreactivity or in a change in chromatographic properties of the C-terminal
      flanking peptides suggesting that the C-terminal basic tetrapeptide (RRRK) had
      already been removed from the primary transcript of the preprotachykinin mRNAs by
      the action of endogenous processing enzymes.

PMID- 3401700
TI  - Quantitation of N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate in microdissected rat brain nuclei
      and peripheral tissues: findings with a novel liquid phase radioimmunoassay.
AB  - Antibodies were raised in rabbits against the neuropeptide N-acetyl-L-aspartyl-L
      glutamate (NAAG) coupled to bovine serum albumin via a carbodiimide linkage. One
      of these rabbit antisera, which preferentially recognizes coupled NAAG-like
      immunoreactivity (LIR), has been previously used to immunocytochemically localize
      NAAG-LIR. We have now employed a second of these antisera, which preferentially
      recognizes free NAAG, to develop a competitive liquid phase radioimmunoassay
      (RIA). Using this assay, we were able to detect picomole amounts of NAAG in rat
      tissue extracts. The specificity of the assay revealed a 60-fold greater affinity
      of the antibody for NAAG over N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA) and greater than one
      million-fold specificity for NAAG over both aspartate and glutamate. High
      pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) separation of tissue extracts yielded only
      two detectable peaks of NAAG-LIR in collected fractions and these co
      chromatographed with NAAG and NAA. NAAG levels determined by this liquid phase
      RIA and by HPLC were essentially identical after correction for the presence of
      NAA crossreactivity. The antibody that preferentially recognizes coupled NAAG was
      used to immunocytochemically localize NAAG-LIR to the red nucleus, the facial
      nucleus, the dorsal raphe, and the locus coeruleus. To further confirm this
      localization of NAAG, these and other nuclei were microdissected and levels of
      NAAG were determined by liquid phase RIA. Nuclei which stained intensely were
      found to contain high levels of NAAG by RIA and between 60 and 100% of this NAAG
      LIR co-chromatographed with NAAG. These results support our previous conclusion
      that NAAG is co-localized in noradrenergic, serotonergic and cholinergic
      neurons.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3401702
TI  - Selective messenger RNA reduction in Alzheimer's disease.
AB  - The relative abundance of 7 messenger RNAs extracted from Alzheimer and control
      neocortex were examined by Northern and quantitative dot blot analysis. The
      average yield of mRNA coding for NF-L, the 68-kDa moiety of neurofilament
      protein, was reduced to 27% of control when expressed as the percentage of total
      RNA or 14% when expressed per gram of neocortex. In contrast, the yields of 6
      other messenger RNAs fell into two categories: those which were statistically
      significantly reduced to about 65% of control and those which were not reduced
      when expressed as percentage of total RNA. The anomalous low abundance of neuron
      specific NF-L mRNA, coding for the lowest molecular weight moiety of
      neurofilament proteins, in cerebral cortex of Alzheimer's disease cannot be
      adequately accounted for by a non-specific effect of brain damage, neuron cell
      loss or neurons with neurofibrillary degeneration. We speculate that this mRNA
      decrease is related to a functional deficit of gene expression in Alzheimer's
      disease, perhaps related to the non-random increase in chromatin compaction
      previously reported from this laboratory. The inability of neurons to maintain
      homeostatic amounts of NF-L transcription products may be linked to the
      accumulation of abnormal filamentous components characteristically associated
      with the diseased cytoskeleton.

PMID- 3401701
TI  - Isolation of a cDNA for rat brain glutaminase.
AB  - A single phage was isolated from a lambda gt11 rat brain cDNA library by
      screening with antibodies prepared against rat renal glutaminase. Partial
      proteolysis of the fusion protein produced by a lysogen of the isolated phage
      generated a series of immunoreactive peptides that co-migrated with those derived
      from the purified brain glutaminase. The cDNA has a single open reading frame
      which encodes 326 amino acids that are in frame with beta-galactosidase. A 72-kDa
      protein, corresponding in size to the precursor of mitochondrial glutaminase, was
      immunoprecipitated from the translation products of rat renal mRNA that
      selectively hybridized to the cDNA. A probe made from the glutaminase cDNA
      detected an mRNA about 6 kb in length. This mRNA was present in rat brain and
      normal kidney RNA, increased 6-fold in acidotic kidney RNA, but was not
      detectable in liver RNA.

PMID- 3401703
TI  - Roles of the pituitary-adrenocortical axis in control of the native and cryptic
      enkephalin levels and proenkephalin mRNA in the sympathoadrenal system of the
      rat.
AB  - The effects of hypophysectomy (HPX) and dexamethasone (DEX) on the levels of Met5
      enkephalin (ME), ME precursors, and the abundance of proenkephalin (pEK) mRNA,
      were examined in the adrenal medulla (AM) and superior cervical ganglia (SCG). To
      assess possible changes in enkephalin processing, both cryptic (after trypsin and
      carboxypeptidase B digestions) and native (without enzyme digestions) ME-like
      immunoreactivity (ME-LI) was measured. Three weeks after HPX the proportion of
      pEK mRNA to the total RNA content in the AM was not significantly changed when
      compared to sham-operated (SO) animals. Total (native + cryptic) ME-LI was
      decreased by 45% in the AM of HPX rats. This decrease was paralleled by a 58%
      depletion of AM proteins. Cryptic ME-LI was also reduced by 43%. In contrast,
      native ME-LI was not altered after HPX, indicating enhanced processing of ME
      precursors. Treatment with DEX (5 daily injections--1 mg/kg, i.p.) increased the
      relative abundance of pEK mRNA (+27%) and total ME-LI in the AM of HPX group, but
      not in SO group. Native ME-LI, cryptic ME-LI, and their ratio were not
      significantly affected by DEX in the AM of HPX or SO rats. In SCG, the relative
      abundance of pEK mRNA decreased by 25% after hypophysectomy. Total and cryptic ME
      LI in the SCG of HPX rats were not changed when compared to SO rats. In contrast,
      HPX reduced native ME-LI suggesting decreased processing of ME precursors.
      Similarly, as in AM, DEX produced increase in the SCG pEK mRNA only in HPX (+68%)
      and not in the SO rats. In SCG, DEX produced decreases in total ME-LI which could
      be attributed to an increased enkephalin release. An overall reduction of cryptic
      ME-LI was also observed after DEX, whereas native ME-LI remained unchanged
      suggesting increased processing of enkephalins. Our findings indicate that the
      pituitary adrenocortical axis controls the relative proportions of ME to its
      precursors, and that this control involves both glucocorticoid-dependent (SCG)
      and glucocorticoid-independent (AM) mechanisms. In contrast, our studies do not
      suggest specific control of pEK synthesis by the pituitary adrenocortical axis.
      The pituitary adrenocortical axis may also influence the relative contents of ME
      and catecholamines in the AM and SCG. The ratio of ME/catecholamines increased
      after HPX (AM and SCG) and after DEX (SCG). Such regulation may contribute to the
      control of co-transmitter output in the sympathoadrenal system.

PMID- 3401704
TI  - Sex and environmental influences on the size and ultrastructure of the rat corpus
      callosum.
AB  - A contested report of sex differences in the size of the splenium of the corpus
      callosum in humans prompted the present examination of the corpus callosum in the
      rat. We have previously found that sex differences can vary with the rearing
      environment. Consequently, male and female rats were raised from weaning to 55
      days of age in either a complex or an isolated environment. There were no sex
      differences in the size of the corpus callosum in sagittal cross section in these
      rats; however, rats of both sexes had a larger posterior third of the corpus
      callosum if they were raised in the complex environment. Because the corpus
      callosum continues to grow in size past 55 days of age, we examined socially
      housed rats at 113 days and again found no sex differences. The splenium was
      examined with electron microscopy in complex and isolation reared rats at 55 days
      of age. The ultrastructural analysis revealed differences that were not apparent
      from gross size measures. Females had more unmyelinated axons regardless of
      environment, and females from the complex environment had more myelinated axons
      than comparably housed males. In contrast, males in the complex environment had
      larger myelinated axons than females. Rats of both sexes from the complex
      environment had larger and more unmyelinated axons than isolated rats. In
      addition in myelinated axons, plasticity in the females occurred through changes
      in axon number and in males, through axon size. Thus sex differences exist in
      axonal number and size and the environment influences these differences.

PMID- 3401705
TI  - Role of midline frontolimbic cortex in production of the isolation call of
      squirrel monkeys.
AB  - Since the separation cry of mammals serves to maintain (1) mother-offspring
      contact and (2) contact between members of a group, it probably ranks as a basic
      mammalian vocalization. The present study is part of an investigation concerned
      with identifying the cerebral representation of the separation call in squirrel
      monkeys. For this purpose, monkeys are tested for their ability to produce
      spontaneous calls in isolation before and after ablations of different parts of
      the brain. Because of the subject's auditory and visual isolation, the call
      emitted during testing is referred to as the isolation call. In a preceding
      study, it was shown that lesions at the thalamomidbrain junction and in the
      ventral central gray interfere with the structure and/or production of the call.
      The present study focuses on the rostral midline limbic cortex, known to be one
      of the two cortical areas where stimulation elicits vocalization in monkeys.
      Evidence derived by the process of elimination indicates that the spontaneous
      call depends on the concerted action of a continuous band of rostral limbic
      cortex comprising parts of areas 24, 25, and 12. The midline frontal neocortex
      peripheral to this limbic zone does not appear to be essential for the call.

PMID- 3401706
TI  - Direct inhibition by opioid peptides of neurones located in the ventromedial
      nucleus of the guinea pig hypothalamus.
AB  - In slices of guinea pig brain, intracellular recordings were obtained from
      neurones of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH). [D
      Ala2,NMePhe4,Gly-ol5]enkephalin (DAGO), an agonist selective for mu-opioid
      receptors, caused an inhibition of spontaneous firing activity and a membrane
      hyperpolarization. This effect was reversible, concentration-dependent and could
      be blocked by naloxone. DAGO directly inhibited VMH neurones since its effect
      persisted when the slice was perifused with a solution that blocks synaptic
      transmission. The hyperpolarization induced by DAGO was associated with a marked
      decrease in membrane input resistance and it was reversed in polarity at membrane
      potentials 30-40 mV more negative than the resting potential. A chloride current
      did not contribute to the hyperpolarization brought about by DAGO. We conclude
      that DAGO inhibits VMH neurones, probably by opening membrane potassium channels.

PMID- 3401707
TI  - Norepinephrine, acting via adenylate cyclase, inhibits melatonin output but does
      not phase-shift the pacemaker in cultured chick pineal cells.
AB  - We have recently described a system, using dispersed chick pineal cells in static
      culture, which displays a persistent, photosensitive, circadian rhythm of
      melatonin release, and the effects of light upon it. Here we describe the effects
      of norepinephrine (NE) on melatonin output by these cells. NE inhibited nocturnal
      melatonin release; it was potent and effective. Pertussis toxin, forskolin, or 8
      Br-cAMP blocked or circumvented inhibition by NE, suggesting the involvement of
      adenylate cyclase. Four hour pulses of NE caused acute suppression of melatonin
      output, but did not affect the phase of subsequent cycles in constant red light.
      These results indicate that NE affects melatonin production by mechanisms acting
      distal to the pacemaker which generates the melatonin rhythm. Insofar as
      adenylate cyclase appears to be involved in the action of NE, it might be
      involved in the regulation of melatonin output by the pacemaker, but is not
      implicated in regulation of the pacemaker by light.

PMID- 3401708
TI  - Colorectal distension as a noxious visceral stimulus: physiologic and
      pharmacologic characterization of pseudaffective reflexes in the rat.
AB  - This report presents evidence that colorectal distension is a reproducible,
      reliable, valid, noxious visceral stimulus that can be used in studies performed
      in awake, unanesthetized, unrestrained rats. Colorectal distension produces
      aversive behavior and cardiovascular and visceromotor responses which are
      quantifiable, reliable, reproducible and useful for inter- and intra-animal
      studies. The cardiovascular response, a pressor response with tachycardia, is
      graded and thought to be due to an increase in sympathetic outflow coupled with
      removal of vagal tone since it is attenuated in a dose-dependent way by atropine,
      propranolol, phentolamine, chlorisondamine and adrenal demedullation. The
      visceromotor response is a contraction of abdominal and hindlimb musculature. The
      distending pressure threshold for the visceromotor response (22.4 +/- 0.9 mm Hg)
      is significantly greater than that necessary to evoke a non-nociceptive response,
      relaxation of the anal sphincters (13.2 +/- 0.7 mm Hg). Both the cardiovascular
      and visceromotor responses act via brainstem loops since both are vigorous in
      decerebrate (midcollicular) but not spinalized (C1 or T6) rats. Anesthetics
      attenuated (alphaxalone/alphadolone, ketamine) or reversed (urethane,
      pentobarbital, alpha-chloralose) the cardiovascular responses to colorectal
      distension and attenuated (alphaxalone/alphadolone) or abolished (others listed
      above) the visceromotor response. Both morphine (systemic and intrathecal) and
      clonidine (intrathecal) produced a dose-dependent inhibition of both the
      cardiovascular and visceromotor responses to colorectal distension. Thus, in the
      awake, unrestrained rat, the cardiovascular and visceromotor responses to
      colorectal distension are quantifiable, reliable and reproducible signs of acute
      visceral nociception.

PMID- 3401709
TI  - The depression in rat pineal melatonin production after saline injection at night
      may be elicited by corticosterone.
AB  - A hind-leg subcutaneous saline injection into rats at night elicits a decrease in
      N-acetyltransferase (NAT) activity and melatonin content of the pineal gland. The
      decrement in pineal melatonin production after saline injection is prevented by
      adrenalectomy. The present studies were undertaken to determine what factor(s)
      from the adrenal gland cause(s) the drop in pineal melatonin production after
      saline injection at night. In the first study, groups of intact and adrenal
      demedullated male rats were given a saline injection at 23.10 h (3 h, 10 min
      after lights off) and their pineals were collected 15 or 30 min later. Pineal NAT
      activity was depressed in both intact and adrenal-demedullated rats at 15 min
      postinjection as compared to their respective control animals. Pineal melatonin
      levels exhibited a drop in intact animals at 15 min and in adrenal-demedullated
      rats at 30 min. In a second study, hypophysectomy was found to prevent the drop
      in nocturnal pineal NAT activity and melatonin levels normally associated with a
      hind leg injection of saline. Finally, in a third experiment, groups of
      hypophysectomized rats were injected i.p. with corticosterone at 23.10 h and
      killed 10, 25 or 40 min postinjection. Corticosterone injection in
      hypophysectomized rats produced a response similar to that caused by saline
      injection in intact animals: NAT activity was depressed at 10 min and melatonin
      content was lowered at 25 min. These results suggest that the adrenal-mediated
      depression in melatonin synthesis after saline injection at night in rats may be
      elicited by an adrenal cortical hormone (corticosterone) and apparently does not
      involve the release of factors from the adrenal medulla.

PMID- 3401710
TI  - An immunohistochemical and fine-structural analysis of peptidergic hypothalamic
      neurosecretory axon regeneration into the leptomeninges of the rat.
AB  - Regeneration of severed hypothalamic peptidergic neurosecretory axons into the
      ventral pia-arachnoid was observed in rats at the light microscopic and fine
      structural levels. A temporal increase occurred in the number of neurophysin
      positive axons regenerating into the leptomeninges for distances up to 3.3 mm by
      40 days post-lesioning. A consistent pattern of parallel, meshed and clustered
      axons, occurring either singly or in bundles, was present within the connective
      tissue, while plexus and bundles were observed in association with leptomeningeal
      blood vessels. Axons were characterized by preterminal and terminal dilatations.
      Neurosecretory granulated vesicles occurred throughout axons. The presence of
      microvesicles at contact points with basal lamina suggests the possibility of
      hormone release. Most axons were arranged as fascicles associated closely with
      basal lamina-bounded support cells whose thin lamellar processes wrapped single
      axons or fascicles of axons. We conclude, therefore, that cellular and
      intercellular leptomeningeal microenvironments support and sustain the growth and
      regeneration of transected neurosecretory axons.

PMID- 3401711
TI  - Differential modification of muscarinic cholinergic receptors in the hippocampus
      of patients with Alzheimer's disease: an autoradiographic study.
AB  - We have used quantitative light microscopic autoradiographic techniques to
      analyze changes in muscarinic cholinergic receptors in the hippocampus in
      Alzheimer type dementia (ATD). The density and distribution of muscarinic
      cholinergic receptors has been correlated with the density of neurons, neuritic
      plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the CA1 subfield of the hippocampus of
      control and ATD patients. The number of pyramidal cells per mm2 in the CA1 sector
      was significantly decreased in ATD cases as compared to controls, although there
      were large variations among cases. The most marked reductions in cell counts were
      observed in patients with a history of profound dementia. The densities of
      muscarinic receptors, as well as the proportions of M1 and M2 subtypes, in the
      CA1 sector and dentate gyrus were not significantly different between ATD and old
      non-demented patients. Neuritic plaques, even in high numbers, did not affect the
      density of muscarinic receptors; moreover, the densities of receptors over the
      neuritic plaques did not differ from the surrounding neuropil. However, in some
      ATD cases there was a marked decrease in the concentration of these receptors in
      the CA1 sector and subiculum, with no change in the proportions of muscarinic
      receptor sybtypes. These patients exhibited frequent extracellular remnants of
      neurofibrillary tangles (ghost tangles), but scarce neuritic plaques, and were
      those showing severe losses of pyramidal cells. There was a significant positive
      correlation between the total concentration of muscarinic receptors in the CA1
      and the density of pyramidal cells, suggesting that decreases in receptor
      concentration result from a severe neuronal loss. We observed that the ratio of
      muscarinic receptors per pyramidal cell was significantly increased in ATD
      patients. This might indicate a possible up-regulatory mechanism for muscarinic
      receptors in the population of remaining neurons in ATD However, decreases of
      receptor numbers following severe neuronal fall out suggest that compensatory
      mechanisms are no longer possible in such cases. The question is raised whether
      these differences between cases reflect different diseases or different stages of
      the same disease.

PMID- 3401712
TI  - Biochemical basis of microtubule cold stability in the peripheral and central
      nervous systems.
AB  - Cold-stable, cold-labile and unpolymerized tubulins extracted from thalamic
      nuclei (soma-enriched fraction) and various nerves (both central and peripheral:
      axon-enriched fractions) appear different when analyzed by high-resolution
      isoelectric focusing. Cold-labile tubulin appears identical to unpolymerized
      tubulin. The axonal fractions contain fewer tubulin isotypes than the soma
      enriched fraction; the peripheral axonal fraction has fewer isotypes than the
      central fraction. Cold-stable tubulin exhibits a specific pattern characterized
      by the abundance of two isotypes of alpha-tubulin, 7 and 8, and one beta-tubulin,
      isotype 9, with slightly different patterns of the axon-enriched fractions from
      the central and peripheral nervous systems. Our results suggest that the cold
      stability of microtubules is based on biochemical properties of tubulin, and
      confirm the domain specificity of the heterogeneity of tubulin.

PMID- 3401713
TI  - Social conflict-induced changes in nociception and beta-endorphin-like
      immunoreactivity in pituitary and discrete brain areas of C57BL/6 and DBA/2 mice.
AB  - The present study characterizes the time course of social conflict analgesia and
      its reversibility by opioid antagonist drugs in the C57BL/6 and DBA/2 inbred
      strains of mice and examines the relationship between alterations in brain and
      pituitary levels of beta-endorphin-like immunoreactivity (beta-ELIR) and the
      antinociception elicited by social stress. Data revealed statistically
      significant strain differences in regard to beta-ELIR in control animals. The
      pituitary content of beta-ELIR was higher in DBA/2, while the values in the
      periaqueductal grey (PAG) and in the amygdala were higher in C57BL/6 mice. No
      interstrain differences were found in the hypothalamus. Exposure to 50 attack
      bites resulted in a 6-fold higher analgesia in DBA/2 mice and in a strain
      independent fall of beta-ELIR in pituitary (approximately 27%) and PAG (23%). PAG
      but not pituitary beta-ELIR levels in C57BL/6 mice correlated positively with the
      increase in tail-flick latency after attack. Mere confrontation with a non
      aggressive opponent failed to induce analgesia and was associated in C57BL/6 mice
      with a significant reduction in the beta-ELIR content of both the pituitary and
      the PAG. The data are discussed in terms of genotype-dependent sensitivity of the
      beta-endorphin system to stress and its relation to analgesia.

PMID- 3401714
TI  - Current source-density and neuromagnetic analysis of the direct cortical response
      in rat cortex.
AB  - The electrophysiological basis of macropotentials produced by the direct cortical
      response (DCR) to electrical stimulation was studied using a combination of
      current source-density (CSD) and neuromagnetic analysis. Current source-density
      analysis indicated the locations of extracellular sources and sinks in the
      cortical depth giving rise to each temporal component of the DCR complex.
      Information about intradendritic currents was obtained from extracranial magnetic
      field measures. These data indicate that the DCR is composed of a sequential
      activation of pyramidal cells at different cortical depths. The complex begins
      with depolarization of cells in the upper and middle layers, followed by
      depolarization of deeper pyramidal cells with apical dendrites extending near the
      cortical surface. The complex ends with a positive-negative slow wave sequence
      indicating possible afterhyperpolarization of surface dendrites and
      hyperpolarization of cell bodies and basilar dendrites in the depth. These data
      demonstrate a unique way in which electrical and magnetic measures may be
      combined to provide complementary information about the spatially and temporally
      organized cellular currents within local neuronal networks.

PMID- 3401715
TI  - GABAergic modulation of nociceptive threshold: effects of THIP and bicuculline
      microinjected in the ventral medulla of the rat.
AB  - Neurons of the nucleus raphe magnus (NRM) and nucleus reticularis
      gigantocellularis pars alpha (NGCp alpha) have been implicated in the regulation
      of nociceptive threshold and production of antinociception. Previous studies have
      shown that the activity of these neurons is modulated by noradrenergic,
      cholinergic and serotonergic afferents. The present study examined whether these
      neurons are additionally subject to regulation by a GABAergic input.
      Microinjection of the GABAA receptor agonist 4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoxazolo[5,4
      c]pyridin-3-ol (THIP; 0.3 or 1.0 microgram) in the NRM or NGCp alpha
      significantly decreased tail flick latency (TFL) and increased responsiveness to
      noxious pinch. Hot plate latency (HPL) was not affected by microinjection of 0.3
      microgram THIP. Although HPL was increased after microinjection of 1.0 microgram
      THIP, this effect may reflect motoric disturbances. In contrast to the
      hyperalgesia produced by THIP, microinjection of the GABAA receptor antagonist
      bicuculline methiodide (0.04 or 0.1 microgram) produced a small, but significant
      increase in TFL. Responsiveness to noxious pinch and HPL were not affected by
      either dose. These findings indicate that neurons of the NRM or NGCp alpha
      involved in the regulation of nociceptive threshold are subject to an inhibitory
      GABAergic input mediated by a GABAA receptor. However, in contrast to previously
      described inhibitory inputs, the GABAergic influence does not appear to be
      tonically active to a substantial extent in the unanesthetized rat.

PMID- 3401716
TI  - Role of prolactin on neural and glial cellular enzymes involved in carbohydrate
      metabolism. I. Studies on immature male bonnet monkeys.
AB  - The influence of prolactin (Prl) and bromocriptine on the specific activities of
      neural and glial cellular enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism in cerebral
      cortex, hypothalamus, cerebellum and pons-medulla was studied. Both Prl and
      bromocriptine stimulated the activity of hexokinase (HK) in the neural as well as
      in the glial cells. While Prl increased the activity of phosphofructokinase
      (PFK), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-3-PDH) and pyruvate kinase
      (PK) in the neural cells, it decreased the same in the glial cells. On the other
      hand, bromocriptine elevated the activity of all these enzymes in the neural
      cells without any effect on the glial cells. The activities of neural cellular
      glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase
      (6-PGDH) were inhibited by Prl, whereas bromocriptine increased the same. The
      activities of these enzymes in the glial cells were enhanced by both Prl and
      bromocriptine. Thus, the present study suggests that Prl has a differential
      effect on the activities of enzymes involved in Embden-Meyerhoff pathway (EMP)
      and hexosemonophosphate shunt (HMP) in the neural and glial cells of immature
      male bonnet monkeys.

PMID- 3401717
TI  - The role of basal forebrain in the primary cholinergic vasodilation in rat
      neocortex produced by systemic administration of cismethrin.
AB  - The pyrethroid insecticide cismethrin (9 mumol/kg) causes a large blood flow
      increase in cerebral cortex, without a parallel increase in metabolism. A
      unilateral lesion of the basal forebrain attenuated the blood flow increase in
      the cortex ipsilateral to the lesion but augmented that in the contralateral
      cortex. Cortical choline acetyltransferase was similarly affected. Atropine
      sulphate substantially reduced the flow increase and was additive to the lesion
      effects. Systemic cismethrin is thus capable of activating a cholinergic
      vasodilation in the cortex and, in the parietal cortex at least, a substantial
      proportion of the flow increase is mediated by extrinsic projections from the
      basal forebrain.

PMID- 3401718
TI  - Effects of ipsilateral and contralateral cervical phrenic afferents stimulation
      on phrenic motor unit activity in the cat.
AB  - The phrenic-to-phrenic inhibitory reflex has been analyzed using recordings of
      activity of single C5-phrenic motor units (PMUs). After ipsilateral or
      contralateral stimulation of the C6-phrenic root, early and late PMUs exhibit a
      similar inhibition. After contralateral stimulation, the duration of the
      inhibition is smaller and the threshold stimulus is higher than the corresponding
      values observed after ipsilateral stimulation. The latency of the inhibition is
      similar for both stimulations. Hemispinalization, contralateral to the recording
      site, affects weakly the phrenic-to-phrenic reflex. We conclude that early and
      late PMUs receive a similar inhibitory input from phrenic afferents and that the
      inhibition observed after cervical phrenic nerve stimulation may involve spinal
      cord circuits.

PMID- 3401719
TI  - Contraversive circling induced by ventral tegmental microinjections of moderate
      doses of morphine and [D-Pen2, D-Pen5]enkephalin.
AB  - Unilateral ventral tegmental area (VTA) injections of morphine and [D-Pen2,D
      Pen5]enkephalin (DPDPE), caused contraversive circling at doses of 1.2, 12, and
      24 nmol. Similar doses of the selective kappa-agonist U-50,488H were ineffective.
      These data suggest a common mechanism for the circling, locomotion and
      facilitation of brain stimulation reward caused by VTA morphine, and distinguish
      this mechanism for that of feeding which is caused by both morphine and kappa
      actions in this region.

PMID- 3401721
TI  - A direct demonstration of the perforant pathway terminal zone in Alzheimer's
      disease using the monoclonal antibody Alz-50.
AB  - The perforant pathway links the entorhinal cortex with the hippocampal formation
      and provides this structure with its major cortical input. The cells of origin of
      the perforant pathway are destroyed in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and a marked
      depletion of glutamate, the putative neurotransmitter in its terminal zone,
      occurs. We report that the monoclonal antibody Alz-50 recognizes an antigen in
      the terminal zone of the perforant pathway in AD. This observation provides
      direct evidence for the involvement of the perforant pathway in AD, and
      demonstrates that Alz-50 can be used to study neural connectivity in AD brains.

PMID- 3401720
TI  - Cortical auditory neuron interactions during presentation of 3-tone sequences:
      effective connectivity.
AB  - The role of cat's primary auditory cortex (AI) in both pattern discrimination and
      sound localization has been demonstrated by observing that ablations of it
      disrupt these functions. This research studied effective connectivity variations
      as a function of modifications in the temporal pattern of acoustic stimulation.
      Recordings of 10-15 neurons (simultaneously and separably) were made in AI of
      sedated cats. A bundle of 7 microelectrodes was stereotaxically placed along a
      tangential path. Stimuli were permutations of 3-tone bursts sequences. Each
      recorded neuron pair was analyzed off-line by cross-correlation. Cross
      correlation of spike trains from neuron pairs showed signatures of direct and/or
      shared input. These appeared individually or in combination and for most pairs
      were present in spontaneous conditions. However, in stimulated conditions these
      spontaneous interactions were strongly modulated. The analysis detected
      differences in neuronal interaction during presentation of different tones.
      Similar differences occurred during presentation of any single particular
      stimulus if there was a history of different immediately previous tones. When
      individual neuron pair cross-correlations were put together to form an effective
      connectivity diagram among all recorded neurons, they turned out as different
      diagrams for different stimulus conditions.

PMID- 3401723
TI  - Penetration of fluorescein into the brain: a sex difference.
AB  - Fluorescein was found to penetrate into the brain via the circumventricular
      organs. Fluorescein penetrates beyond the borders of the circumventricular organs
      into the surrounding neuropile. This relationship was found for the area postrema
      and the nucleus tractus solitarius, the organum vasculosum lamina terminalis and
      the rostral suprachiasmatic area, the median eminence and the arcuate nucleus.
      The choroid plexus appears to take up fluorescein, but fluorescence does not
      appear in adjacent structures such as the corpus striatum and septum, but rather
      along the ependymal and plial surfaces. Fluorescein was found to accumulate to a
      greater extent in the brains of female as compared to male rats. This sex
      difference is not associated with the blood-brain barrier as cortex and
      cerebellum did not show increased fluorescence, but only midline structures
      containing circumventricular organs. Gonadectomy did not alter fluorescein
      accumulation.

PMID- 3401722
TI  - Transplanted raphe and hippocampal fetal neurons do not displace afferent inputs
      to the dorsal hippocampus from serotonergic neurons in the median raphe nucleus
      of the rat.
AB  - To determine if fetal transplants can substitute for or suppress intrinsic
      serotonergic (5-HT) innervation, we studied the relationship between transplanted
      and the endogenous raphe neurons projecting to the hippocampus. Fetal raphe
      transplants produced a 5-HT hyperinnervation of dorsal hippocampus in adult rats.
      Yet, transplants of fetal raphe tissue did not affect the number of median raphe
      nucleus (MRN) neurons, approximately 300, which retrogradely transported HRP from
      the hippocampus. This provides evidence that transplanted 5-HT neurons can co
      exist with intrinsic 5-HT nerve terminals in the target area for at least one
      month. In the second part of this study, fetal hippocampal tissue was
      transplanted into the host hippocampus. Intrinsic 5-HT immunoreactive fibers
      innervated the transplanted fetal tissue. Nevertheless, the number of MRN neurons
      innervating the host tissue as revealed by HRP retrograde transport remained
      unchanged. Changes in the innervation pattern and 5-HT level in the dorsal
      hippocampus occur following transplantation of fetal tissue. These changes are
      discussed and suggest that both the target tissue and afferent neurons readjust
      to accommodate extrinsic transplanted tissue.

PMID- 3401724
TI  - Release of heat-loss responses in paradoxical sleep by thermal loads and by
      pontine tegmental lesions in cats.
AB  - Thermoregulatory heat-loss responses at high ambient temperatures were studied in
      intact cats and those with bilateral electrolytic lesions in the pontine
      tegmentum during wakefulness (W), slow-wave sleep (SWS), paradoxical sleep (PS)
      and PS without atonia induced by the lesions. Panting (respiratory rate greater
      than or equal to 90/min) was present during W, SWS, and in some cases, during PS.
      The percentage of the PS episodes with panting was directly related to ambient
      temperature. In intact cats at 30 degrees C, panting occurred in 8% of the PS
      episodes; at 35 degrees C, in 52%, and at 40 degrees C, in 77%. The percentage of
      PS episodes with panting was higher in the pontine-lesioned cats (90% at 35
      degrees C), probably another indication of the altered thermoregulation of such
      animals. Thermoregulatory responses to heat load, and thermoregulation in
      general, have previously been shown to be suppressed in PS. Because hypothalamic
      thermosensitive neurons lack thermal responses during PS, the partial activation
      of heat-loss responses observed here may depend upon the function of
      extrahypothalamic brainstem areas.

PMID- 3401725
TI  - Use of serotonin immunocytochemistry as a marker of injury severity after
      experimental spinal trauma in rats.
AB  - In experimental models of spinal cord trauma there is often a relatively poor
      correlation between light microscopic histological changes and motor recovery.
      Previously it was shown that spinal cord levels of immunoreactive TRH and
      substance P, by radioimmunoassay, are significantly reduced caudal to the injury
      site. Since much of the substance P and TRH in the spinal cord derives from cells
      within the ventral medulla, many of which also contain serotonin, we examined
      changes in serotonin immunoreactivity within the spinal cord caudal to the injury
      site in rats subjected to varying degrees of impact trauma to the thoracic cord.
      Reductions in immunocytochemical staining of serotonin in ventral gray matter of
      the lumbar region at two weeks after trauma were significantly correlated with
      the degree of injury severity as reflected by motor impairment. Changes in the
      region of the central canal, but not dorsal horn, were also correlated with
      injury severity. These findings indicate that serotonin immunocytochemical
      analysis may permit better correlation between anatomical and functional outcome
      after spinal cord injury than generally utilized light microscopic methods.

PMID- 3401726
TI  - Differential extraction of estradiol- and tamoxifen-receptor complexes from
      hypothalamic cell nuclei.
AB  - These experiments compared nuclear estradiol- and tamoxifen-receptor complexes
      from brain by measuring the ability of a series of ionic agents and DNA
      intercalators to release estrogen receptors from hypothalamic cell nuclei
      following in vivo administration of the agonist or antagonist. Over the
      concentration ranges tested, intercalators released 50-80% of the total estrogen
      receptors from hypothalamic cell nuclei in a concentration-independent fashion
      whereas extraction of nuclear receptors by the ionic agents was concentration
      dependent. In general, brain cell nuclear estrogen receptors were extracted more
      easily by both ionic agents and intercalators following injections of tamoxifen
      than of estradiol. It was also found that the polyanion heparin releases a small
      population of nuclear estrogen receptors that are not extracted by 0.5 M KCl,
      suggesting the existence of KCl-resistant chromatin acceptor sites in
      hypothalamic nuclei. These data support the hypothesis that estrogen agonists and
      antagonists promote different conformational changes when they bind neural
      estrogen receptors, resulting in the formation of ligand-receptor complexes with
      different biological activity.

PMID- 3401727
TI  - Autoradiographic localization of alpha-bungarotoxin binding sites in the
      suprachiasmatic region of rat brain.
AB  - High affinity alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha-BTX) binding sites of the hypothalamus in
      and near the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) were mapped by in vitro
      macroautoradiographic analysis. Adult male rats were killed at specific circadian
      phases. Their brains were rapidly dissected out and frozen sections were made at
      a thickness of 16 micron. After having been mounted on slides, the sections were
      incubated with iodinated alpha-BTX (3 nM), washed and exposed to X-ray film.
      Analyses of binding were performed with the aid of a digital video densitometer
      system. Autoradiographic loci that bound alpha-BTX were traced and the image of
      the SCN histology from the adjacent section was superimposed. In this way the
      exact relationships of the topography of areas that bound alpha-BTX and those
      that contained SCN cell bodies (and other hypothalamic landmarks) could be
      observed. Non-specific binding was tested by incubation in the presence of 3
      microM unlabelled alpha-BTX and was found to be very low and uniform throughout
      the sections. Hypothalamic areas that bound alpha-BTX included the SCN,
      supraoptic, periventricular, lateral and anterior hypothalamic nuclei. In the
      rostral SCN, alpha-BTX binding coincided with the nucleus proper. Caudally this
      relationship dissociated so that at mid-SCN alpha-BTX bound dorsally and
      laterally both within and outside the SCN and by the most caudal portion of the
      nucleus, alpha-BTX binding was entirely outside the SCN in a vertical band dorsal
      to the SCN. This topography suggests that alpha-BTX binding may be coincident
      with a major output pathway that courses dorsally and caudally from the SCN.

PMID- 3401729
TI  - Cardiovascular afferent and fastigial nucleus inputs to paramedian reticulospinal
      neurons.
AB  - In chloralose anesthetized, paralyzed and artificially ventilated cats, the
      region of the paramedian reticular nucleus (PRN) was systematically explored for
      single units antidromically activated by electrical stimulation of histologically
      verified sites in the intermediate gray region of the upper thoracic cord (T2).
      These antidromically identified units were then tested for their orthodromic
      responses to electrical stimulation of ipsilateral carotid sinus nerve (CSN) and
      of pressor sites in the contralateral fastigial nucleus (FN). Sixty-two
      histologically verified single units, located predominantly in the caudal half of
      the ventral PRN, were antidromically activated with latencies corresponding to a
      mean conduction velocity of 36.4 +/- 2.1 m/s. Of these units 25 (40%) were
      excited orthodromically by stimulation of the CSN and/or FN: 5 to stimulation of
      the CSN only (mean latency, 18.3 +/- 9.9 ms), 6 to stimulation of the FN only
      (mean latency, 7 +/- 1.7 ms), and 14 to stimulation of both the CSN and FN (mean
      latencies, 12.3 +/- 2.9 ms and 8.4 +/- 1 ms, respectively). These data provide
      electrophysiological evidence for the existence of PRN reticulo-spinal neurons
      that integrate and relay cardiovascular afferent information from the CSN and FN
      to spinal autonomic neurons.

PMID- 3401728
TI  - Bilateral ablation of frontal cortex reduces concentration of cholecystokinin
      like immunoreactivity in rat dorsolateral striatum.
AB  - Rat striatum (caudatoputamen, CP) contains high concentrations of cholecystokinin
      like immunoreactivity (CCK-LI) which is not synthesized in the CP itself, but is
      brought to it by afferent projections. Some of these have been reported to
      originate in the sensori-motor cortex. The source of the major part of the CCK-LI
      in the CP is not known. In the present study, it was investigated whether neurons
      in the frontal cortex send CCK-LI-containing fibers to the CP. Ablation of the
      frontal pole of one hemisphere did not decrease but significantly enhanced the
      CCK-LI in the dorsal CP. Unilateral ablation of the frontal pole combined with
      the ipsilateral severance of corpus callosum fibers reduced ipsilaterally the
      concentration of CCK-LI in the dorsolateral CP by approximately 60%. Also
      ablation of the frontal poles of both sides bilaterally reduced the concentration
      of CCK-LI in the dorsolateral CP by approximately 40%. It is concluded that the
      neuronal elements in the dorsolateral CP of one side, which contain CCK-LI, are
      in some way connected with neurons in the frontal poles of both hemispheres. This
      connection may be just functional or may be due to CCK-containing fibers, which
      originate in the frontal pole.

PMID- 3401730
TI  - Electroacupuncture suppresses a nociceptive reflex: naltrexone prevents but does
      not reverse this effect.
AB  - Rats were anesthetized with a continuous infusion of pentobarbital. First we
      showed that electroacupuncture (EA) suppressed the tail flick nociceptive reflex.
      Naltrexone (a long acting opiate antagonist) was given either intravenously or
      intrathecally to attempt to block this EA effect. The naltrexone prevented this
      EA effect when injected before the onset of EA treatment, but failed to reverse
      the EA effects when injected immediately after termination of EA treatment. We
      discuss the possibility that the endorphins set up a cascade effect whereby the
      subsequent EA suppression of tail flick is no longer dependent on endorphin and
      hence cannot be affected by opiate antagonists. This finding may clarify some of
      the confusion in the acupuncture endorphin literature.

PMID- 3401731
TI  - Electroacupuncture suppression of a nociceptive reflex is potentiated by two
      repeated electroacupuncture treatments: the first opioid effect potentiates a
      second non-opioid effect.
AB  - Electroacupuncture (EA) produces suppression of the nociceptive tail flick reflex
      in rats. Two 10 min treatments given 90 min apart, cause a potentiation of the EA
      effect produced by the second treatment. This potentiation can be prevented by
      giving naltrexone before the first and second treatments (either intravenously or
      intrathecally administered). However, this potentiation cannot be reversed by
      naltrexone give only once, before the second EA treatment. These results suggest
      that the first EA effect which is opioid in nature, sets up a cascade effect,
      potentiating a second non-opioid EA effect.

PMID- 3401732
TI  - The response of non-dopamine neurons in substantia nigra and ventral tegmental
      area to amphetamine and apomorphine during hypermotility: the striatal influence.
AB  - The effects of haloperidol pretreatment in striatum on the motor response, and on
      concurrently recorded unit responses of nondopamine (DA) neurons in substantia
      nigra (SN) and ventral tegmental area (VTA) to systemic amphetamine and
      apomorphine, were investigated with the objective of determining the role of the
      striatum in the output of putative DA output neurons. Unit and motor activity
      were recorded in the male rat, chronically implanted with 9 electrodes in SN and
      VTA and with two cannulae for bilateral injections into striatum. The recording
      electrodes were 3 bundles of 3 wires, each wire in the bundle of a different
      length, but all 3 aimed at SN, pars reticulata, or VTA. In each recording
      session, unit activity was derived from 7 wires while gross motor activity was
      recorded with the open-ended wire technique. The subjects were tested under two
      conditions. In the first, the vehicle was injected bilaterally into striatum 90
      min before one of the DA agonists was injected by the intraperitoneal route. In
      the second, the DA antagonist haloperidol was injected bilaterally into striatum
      before the systemic treatment with the DA agonist. In subjects which received
      injections of the vehicle into striatum, amphetamine induced a large motor
      response, and concurrently, a large increase in the rate of discharge of a
      portion of the identified non-DA neurons in SN and VTA. In subjects which
      received injections of haloperidol into striatum, amphetamine induced a smaller
      behavioral response, a smaller increase in the rate of discharge of these neurons
      in SN but not in VTA where the increase was of the same magnitude as controls. In
      control subjects, apomorphine induced an increase in motor activity and
      concurrently, an increase in the rate of firing of the identified non-DA neurons
      in SN and VTA. But the increases were of somewhate smaller magnitude and much
      shorter duration than the increases induced by amphetamine. In subjects which had
      been pretreated with haloperidol in striatum, apomorphine induced an increase in
      motor activity that was of the same magnitude as the insion that the striatum has
      the capacity to influence the output of non-DA neurons only in SN but also in
      VTA, indicating that, if there is a specialization of function, it is only
      relative.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3401733
TI  - Three-dimensional analysis of the whole axonal arbors originating from single CA2
      pyramidal neurons in the rat hippocampus with the aid of a computer graphic
      technique.
AB  - The axonal arborization of single pyramidal neurons in field CA2 and the rostral
      adjacent area of the rat hippocampus was studied with intracellular staining
      following the pressure microinjection of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in
      combination with the immunoperoxidase technique, and was analyzed three
      dimensionally with the aid of a computer system. The axonal arbors were composed
      of two types of axon branches, which were distinguished as the primary and
      secondary axon branches on the basis of morphological criteria. The axon branches
      in the ipsilateral hippocampus exhibited almost the contour of the dorsal
      hippocampus. The large amount of axon branches labeled with HRP in the stratum
      (str.) oriens of field CA1 was comparable to that in the str. radiatum of the
      field. The labeled axon branches in the dorsal hippocampus were not distributed
      uniformly in terminal regions but were focused on the caudolateral CA1a-b
      subfields. Most primary axon branches ran to a focus along the alvear fibers. The
      lamellar organization in the CA2 pyramidal neurons may be composed of axon
      branches running caudally and terminal branches forming a focus. The dense
      association fibers along the septotemporal axis may connect the lamellar
      organized circuits to each other. Axon branches in the septal nuclei of each
      hemisphere formed a rather flat plane. The commissural fibers of the CA2
      pyramidal neurons seemed to form a symmetrical projection field in the
      contralateral side against the median plane. The axonal arbors and dendritic
      expansion of the pyramidal neurons shown in this study appeared to reveal the
      whole image of the single CA2 pyramidal neuron.

PMID- 3401734
TI  - Electrical and chemical activation of the mesencephalic and subthalamic locomotor
      regions in freely moving rats.
AB  - The locomotor activity of freely moving rats was increased by electrical
      stimulation of brainstem sites, including the pedunculopontine nucleus, a major
      component of the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR), and sites located in the
      subthalamic locomotor region (SLR), which is in the area of the zona incerta (ZI)
      dorsomedial to the subthalamic nucleus. Injections to the MLR of glycine, an
      inhibitory transmitter of the spinal cord and brainstem, had no effect on
      locomotion, nor did strychnine sulfate, a glycine antagonist. Unilateral
      injections of the excitatory amino acid, N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA), and
      kainic acid, a glutamate analogue, into the MLR produced an increase in
      locomotion not seen with glutamate, an excitatory amino acid, into the same area.
      A still greater response, having a later onset than NMDA but also a longer
      duration, was produced by administration of picrotoxin and bicuculline
      methiodide, GABA antagonists, to the MLR. Carbachol injections into the MLR
      produced two types of responses: either increased or decreased locomotion.
      Hypermotility resulted from microinjections of glutamate, and picrotoxin and
      bicuculline, into the ZI. The short latency, short duration response to glutamate
      resulted in a greater increase in locomotion than with picrotoxin or bicuculline
      when each was administered into the SLR. These results provide further evidence
      for the functional role of the MLR and SLR in the initiation of locomotor
      activity in the intact, freely behaving rat.

PMID- 3401735
TI  - Estrogen binding and the actions of testosterone in the brain of the male rhesus
      monkey.
AB  - Autoradiography and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used to
      determine where metabolites of testosterone interact with estrogen binding sites
      in the brain of the male primate. Three days after castration, animals received a
      subcutaneous injection of either estradiol benzoate (EB, 200 micrograms/kg, n =
      4) or oil vehicle (controls, n = 4). Three hours later, 5 mCi [3H]testosterone
      was administered as an intravenous bolus. At 60 min, brains were rapidly removed,
      left halves were used for autoradiography and right halves were dissected into 14
      samples for HPLC of nuclear and supernatant fractions. In control males, labeled
      neurons were observed in preoptic area, hypothalamus and amygdala. In EB
      pretreated males, the number of labeled neurons was reduced by 35% in the
      anterior hypothalamus and ventromedial nucleus, and by 65% in the cortical and
      accessory basal amygdaloid nuclei, but was not significantly reduced in other
      brain regions. In hypothalamus, preoptic area and amygdala, EB-pretreatment
      reduced nuclear concentrations of [3H]estradiol to 37-55% of control levels, but
      reduced neither the nuclear concentrations of [3H]testosterone nor the
      supernatant concentrations of [3H]estradiol and [3H]testosterone. The data
      suggest that the actions of testosterone in regions such as the arcuate nucleus
      and lateral septal nucleus primarily involve unchanged testosterone or
      dihydrotestosterone, while in regions such as the amygdala, aromatization and
      interaction with estrogen receptors is involved also.

PMID- 3401736
TI  - Ultrastructure of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)
      diaphorase-positive neurons in the cat cerebral cortex, amygdala and caudate
      nucleus.
AB  - The ultrastructure of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)
      diaphorase-positive neurons in cat cerebral cortex, amygdala and caudate nucleus
      was investigated by electron microscopy using a modified method applicable to
      aldehyde-fixed tissues. These NADPH diaphorase-positive neurons were
      morphologically similar to neurons immunohistochemically positive for
      somatostatin. They had large amounts of electron-dense formazan reaction products
      scattered through the whole cytoplasm but not in the mitochondria or nucleus.
      Similar electron-dense reaction products were visible in the dendrites of these
      neurons. The results indicate that NADPH diaphorase histochemistry is a useful
      method for the ultrastructural examination of particular groups of neurons.

PMID- 3401737
TI  - The effect of concussive head injury on central cholinergic neurons.
AB  - This study examined the effect of fluid percussion head injury on the activity of
      cholinergic neurons in specific brain areas of the rat 12 min, 4 h and 24 h
      following injury. Acetylcholine (ACh) turnover, used as an index of cholinergic
      neuronal activity, was determined using a gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric
      technique. The most striking changes in cholinergic activity were observed in the
      dorsal pontine tegmentum, where concussive head injury produced an increase in
      ACh turnover 12 min and 4 h following injury. This area has been previously
      associated with behavioral changes observed following concussive injury. ACh
      turnover in the thalamus, a region to which pontine cholinergic neurons project,
      also tended to increase 4 h following injury. On the other hand, ACh turnover
      tended to decrease in the amygdala 4 h following injury. Although there were no
      significant changes in hippocampal ACh content or turnover following injury. ACh
      content did tend to increase in that brain region 12 min following injury. There
      were no significant effects of injury on cholinergic neurons in the
      cingulate/frontal cortex. These changes in cholinergic neuronal activity may
      contribute to the neurological deficits following concussive injury. In
      particular, activation of cholinergic neurons in the pontine region may
      contribute to components of behavioral suppression associated with reversible
      traumatic unconsciousness. More generalized changes in cholinergic function may
      lead to the production of more chronic deficits.

PMID- 3401738
TI  - Behavioral changes after focal cerebral ischemia by left middle cerebral artery
      occlusion in rats.
AB  - Behavioral changes after occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery (MCA) in
      rats were investigated for 16 weeks. Impairment of motor coordination and
      incidence of neurological deficits including hemiplegia and abnormal posture were
      present for the first 2 and 4 weeks after MCA occlusion, respectively. Learning
      behavior in one-trial passive avoidance task was disturbed for the entire 16-week
      period when rats were trained at days 3 after MCA occlusion. Reacquisition was
      also impaired when rats were retrained on 8 weeks after MCA occlusion. Except for
      synchronized EEG at days 2 after MCA occlusion, significant changes in
      spontaneous movement and EEG were not observed in the MCA-occluded group. These
      results suggest that this rat model of MCA-occlusion is useful for quantitatively
      measuring functional changes in chronic phase of focal cerebral ischemia.

PMID- 3401739
TI  - Ketamine prevents ischemic neuronal injury.
AB  - The dissociative anesthetic ketamine hydrochloride antagonizes the excitotoxic
      action of excitatory amino acids in the central nervous system. Proposals that
      the excitatory amino acid neurotransmitters may become excitotoxic and contribute
      to the pathophysiology of ischemic brain injury prompted us to examine ketamine
      in a model of global cerebral ischemia in gerbils. Pretreatment with anesthetic
      doses of ketamine ameliorated in a dose-dependent manner both behavioral and
      histopathological assessments of ischemic neuronal injury. These neuroprotective
      effects are proposed to result from a specific antiexcitotoxic rather than
      general anticonvulsant drug action. There may be clinical situations in which the
      neuroprotective actions of ketamine would be of therapeutic importance.

PMID- 3401740
TI  - Quantitative distribution of muscarinic receptors and choline acetyltransferase
      in rat medulla: examination of transmitter-receptor mismatch.
AB  - Recent reports have identified discrepancies between the anatomical distribution
      of transmitters and their receptors, a phenomenon known as transmitter-receptor
      mismatch. However, quantitative determinations of transmitter activity and
      receptor density in individual brain regions have not been conducted in parallel.
      We therefore sought to determine quantitatively the relationship between
      muscarinic acetylcholine receptor density and the density of cholinergic
      innervation as reflected by activity of the biosynthetic enzyme for
      acetylcholine, choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). To assure sampling of equivalent
      regions using the two methods, an 'electronic micropunch' technique was developed
      to allow measurement of [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate ([3H]QNB) binding within the
      corresponding cylinders of tissue obtained by the micropunch cannula. Nineteen
      regions of the rat medulla (1 mm diameter, 1 mm height) were studied. The
      micropunch region containing the gracile nucleus, the area postrema and the
      choroid plexus of the fourth ventricle contained the highest ChAT activity, but
      exhibited little [3H]QNB binding to muscarinic receptors. However, among the
      remaining 18 regions a strong correlation was obtained between uncorrected
      muscarinic receptor density and ChAT activity within each micropunched region (r
      = 0.89, n = 18). Correction for autoradiographic efficiency weakened the overall
      relationship between receptor density and ChAT activity (r = 0.58, n = 18). This
      was due to a relatively high density of receptors associated with fiber tract
      regions containing low ChAT activity. The presence of receptors within white
      matter is ordinarily obscured by high tritium quenching. This is consistent with
      the hypothesis that a portion of muscarinic receptors are located
      extrasynaptically and may be present within axons.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3401742
TI  - Characterization of cell surface antigens on the adrenergic neuroblastoma clone
      A2(1).
AB  - Neuroblastoma cell lines have been extensively used to identify the presence of
      brain reactive autoantibodies in the sera of patients with systemic lupus
      erythematosus (SLE) who have neuropsychiatric involvement and in the animal
      models (murine) of this disorder. In this study, a characterization of murine
      neuroblastoma cell surface antigens, from the adrenergic A2(1) cell line, have
      indicated both similarities and differences with the cell surface antigens of
      normal mouse brain. It has also shown that some of these antigens are nervous
      system specific, whereas others are not. These data indicate that a more precise
      definition of the antigens on the surface of neuroblastoma cells, with which anti
      brain autoantibodies react, is necessary for an understanding of the
      neuropsychiatric manifestations associated with autoimmune diseases such as SLE.

PMID- 3401741
TI  - Nodal and paranodal structural changes in mouse and rat optic nerve during
      Wallerian degeneration.
AB  - Ultrastructural changes in nodal and paranodal regions of myelinated mouse and
      rat optic nerve fibers were followed between 4 h and 28 days during the course of
      Wallerian degeneration. In the mouse, axoplasmic changes, including accumulation
      of organelles and segregation of microtubules, were detectable 4 h after
      transection, and progressed to a maximum level on day 4, at which time many axons
      were markedly swollen. Dense axoplasm was seen as early as 16 h and was a common
      feature of degenerating axoplasm at later times. Paranodal changes, which first
      appeared as early as 16 h after injury, included detachment of terminal loops of
      myelin from the axolemma, disconnection of terminal loops from compact myelin
      lamellae and broadening of terminal loops, or separation of the loops from each
      other, resulting in paranodal elongation. In freeze-fracture replicas, the E-face
      of the axolemma showed the normal particle distribution as late as days 3-5. By
      day 8, however, the nodal particles were patchy and the overall nodal particle
      density was reduced to approximately half normal. Some normal-looking fibers were
      present at all stages examined, but their number had declined to about half the
      total population on day 5 and to less than 10% on day 11. In the rat, the overall
      sequence of events and time course were comparable to those in the mouse. Thus,
      the morphological changes found follow approximately the same sequence as that
      described previously in frog nerves, but progress more rapidly in the mouse and
      rat.

PMID- 3401744
TI  - NCAM-180, the largest component of the neural cell adhesion molecule, is reduced
      in dysmyelinating quaking mutant mouse brain.
AB  - To explore the role of the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in myelination
      and remyelination, we studied the developmental expression of various molecular
      forms of NCAM in dysmyelinating quaking mouse brain as compared with normal mouse
      brain. Normal mouse brain expressed the several molecular forms differentially
      during development. Quaking showed a marked reduction in the expression of NCAM
      180, which represents the largest component of NCAM, in comparison with normal
      brain. This suggests that the defective myelin compaction in the quaking mutation
      may be the result of a deficiency of NCAM-180.

PMID- 3401745
TI  - Effects of systemic L-tyrosine on dopamine release from rat corpus striatum and
      nucleus accumbens.
AB  - Intracerebral dialysis was used to monitor extracellular fluid from rat striatum
      and nucleus accumbens following the intraperitoneal administration of tyrosine.
      Dopamine concentrations in dialysates from both the striatum and the nucleus
      accumbens increased significantly in response to the tyrosine. The magnitude of
      the tyrosine effect was greater in the nucleus accumbens than in the striatum.
      Hence, mesolimbic dopaminergic neurons may be especially responsive to precursor
      availability.

PMID- 3401746
TI  - Effects of scopolamine treatment on long-term behavioral deficits following
      concussive brain injury to the rat.
AB  - Scopolamine (0.1, 1.0, or 10.0 mg/kg) or saline was systemically (i.p.)
      administered to rats 15 min prior to concussive fluid percussion brain injury.
      Animals pretreated with the 1.0 mg/kg dose exhibited significantly (P less than
      0.05) less motor deficits and less body weight loss and recovered to baseline
      performance sooner than saline-treated rats. Mortality and associated convulsions
      were significantly lower in rats pretreated with the 1.0 mg/kg dose of
      scopolamine. A 1.0 mg/kg dose of scopolamine administered (i.p.) 30 s after
      injury also significantly reduced behavioral deficits. No differences were
      observed between saline- and scopolamine-treated animals in either the incidence
      or duration of transient apnea following injury. A 1.0 mg/kg dose of scopolamine
      administered (i.p.) 15 min prior to epidural clip compression of the spinal cord
      had no effect on the severity of motor function deficits assessed by an inclined
      plane test. The data from these experiments suggest muscarinic cholinergic
      involvement in at least some of the long-term behavioral deficits following mild
      and moderate levels of brain injury. These results suggest that muscarinic
      cholinergic antagonists may prove beneficial in the treatment of human head
      injury.

PMID- 3401743
TI  - Calcium binding protein in the basal ganglia system of a non-mammalian
      vertebrate: an immunohistochemical study in the reptile Caiman crocodilus.
AB  - In Caiman, calbindin D28K immunoreactivity (CaBP) was observed within many
      neurons of the substantia nigra (SN) but only in the caudal portion of the area
      ventralis of Tsai (AVT). A dense CaBP fiber plexus showing some regional
      inhomogeneity was observed in the dorsolateral portion of the telencephalic
      ventrolateral area (VLA). These results are consistent with previous reports that
      the SN and AVT project to the dorsolateral and medial portions of the VLA, and
      strongly support the theory that the caiman VLA contains cell populations
      homologous to those found in the mammalian corpus striatum.

PMID- 3401747
TI  - Release of endogenous dopamine from the superfused rabbit retina in vitro: effect
      of light stimulation.
AB  - Light exposure activates dopamine (DA)-releasing neurons in the retina. Previous
      studies have employed indirect means (i.e. accumulation of DA metabolites in
      vivo4.11, or [3H]DA release from preloaded retina in vitro2) to estimate light
      stimulated retinal DA release. We describe a new technique, based on superfusion
      of retinal pieces in vitro, which allows direct measurement of endogenous DA
      release. Dark-adapted pieces of retina from male albino rabbits were individually
      superfused in vitro with a physiologic buffer containing nomifensine (30 microM)
      (a DA reuptake blocker), and exposed to steady white light (300 microW/cm2) for
      15 min. Retinal DA release into the superfusate was significantly greater (60%)
      during photic stimulation than during dark-exposure.

PMID- 3401748
TI  - Immunocytochemical localization of glutamate dehydrogenase in mitochondria of the
      cerebellum: an ultrastructural study using a monoclonal antibody.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies to glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) were produced and shown to
      have high degrees of specificity using immunoblots and ELISA. Immunocytochemical
      staining of electron microscopic preparations revealed selective intense staining
      of mitochondria in Bergmann glia, oligodendrocytes and astrocytes in the
      cerebellum of the rat. Differential intensity of staining among mitochondria
      within individual glial cells and between glial cells was observed and may
      provide an anatomical means of detecting differences in glutamate metabolism.

PMID- 3401749
TI  - Anisomycin, an inhibitor of protein synthesis, blocks late phases of LTP
      phenomena in the hippocampal CA1 region in vitro.
AB  - Long-term potentiation (LTP) with its extremely long duration has been frequently
      regarded as an elementary mechanism of information storage in the nervous system
      or at least as a suitable model for the study of mechanisms underlying functional
      plasticity and processes of learning and memory formation. Considering the
      necessity of an increased protein synthesis for memory consolidation and for the
      maintenance of LTP in granular synapses in vivo it was of interest to determine
      whether the LTP of the CA1 region of the hippocampus depends on protein synthesis
      as well. For the solution of this question anisomycin (ANI), a reversible blocker
      of protein synthesis, was used at a concentration of 20 microM, which blocked the
      [3H]leucine incorporation in hippocampal slices by at least 85%. It has been
      shown that in the CA1 region in vitro the maintenance of LTP (i.e. a late phase
      greater than 5 h) depends on an ongoing protein synthesis. A 3-h treatment with
      ANI immediately following multiple tetanization resulted in gradually developing
      loss of field excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) and population spike (PS)
      potentiation (15 +/- 19% increase of the PS instead of the 96 +/- 14% increase in
      non-treated control experiments at the 8th h after tetanization). Furthermore, a
      late PS potentiation (greater than 6 h) of a second non-tetanized pathway to CA1
      pyramidal cells has been observed (increase by 64 +/- 18% at the 8th h) for the
      first time. This potentiation was ANI-sensitive as well and suggests that the
      maintenance of LTP is dependent on a postsynaptic mechanism.

PMID- 3401751
TI  - Synaptic activation of a cholinergic receptor in rat hippocampus.
AB  - Tetanic stimulation of the basal dendritic field (stratum oriens) of Ca1 area of
      rat hippocampal slice can produce a slow depolarization associated with an
      increase in input resistance, decrease in accommodating properties of the cell to
      a depolarizing drive and an increase in synaptic activity. These effects are
      enhanced by an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, eserine, and blocked by the
      muscarinic antagonists, pirenzepine and atropine. The accommodating property of
      the cell is more sensitive to the stimulation than the membrane potential or
      input resistance. The effects of oriens stimulation can be obtained also in
      fornix-fimbria transected hippocampal slice indicating that it may activate a
      local cholinergic or non-cholinergic pathway. The stimulation causes a
      heterosynaptic enhancement of reactivity of neurons to afferent stimulation
      indicating that acetylcholine may cause an enhanced excitability of hippocampal
      neurons.

PMID- 3401750
TI  - Tachyphylaxis of dipsogenic activity to intracerebroventricular administration of
      angiotensins.
AB  - Repeated intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of angiotensin II (AII)
      and angiotensin III (AIII) induced dipsogenic tachyphylaxis in the Sprague-Dawley
      rat. AIII caused a rapid suppression of drinking, whereas AII showed a
      progressive decline of water consumption with repeated injections. Tachyphylaxis
      due to the repeated i.c.v. application of AII failed to abolish subsequent
      drinking induced by neurotensin or carbachol, suggesting that the tachyphylaxis
      may be specific to the angiotensinergic system. However, AII-induced
      tachyphylaxis caused a complete elimination of bestatin-induced drinking which
      was anticipated given the likelihood that this aminopeptidase B inhibitor has its
      dipsogenic effect by inhibiting degradation of endogenous angiotensins.
      Angiotensin-induced tachyphylaxis responses could not be attributed to diminished
      dipsogenic activity due to volemic expansion of either the cerebroventricular
      space or gastrointestinal tract. These results concerned with central
      tachyphylaxis are consistent with previous findings in the periphery and suggest
      that desensitization of angiotensin receptors occurs in both populations.

PMID- 3401752
TI  - Representations of the body surface by climbing fiber responses in the dorsal
      paraflocculus of the cat.
AB  - Mechanical stimulation elicited climbing fiber responses in 22% of the 377
      Purkinje cells isolated in the dorsal paraflocculus of cats anesthetized with
      sodium pentobarbital. The responsive units were not evenly distributed throughout
      the dorsal paraflocculus. In the posterior division, 37% (65/177) of the cells
      had climbing fiber responses elicited by tactile stimulation, whereas in the
      lateral and accessory divisions the units were mainly unresponsive to tactile
      stimulation. Eleven of the 174 cells were responsive to tactile stimulation in
      the lateral division and only one climbing fiber response was driven in the 26
      cells isolated in the accessory division. The climbing fiber representation was
      mainly of the ipsilateral forelimb and hindlimb with only a few responses
      representing the face. About half of the hindlimb representation was encountered
      in a patch located in the most medial part of the posterior division. No
      consistent location was identified between animals for the rest of the
      representations, which were intermingled among unresponsive units. The receptive
      fields of the majority of the forepaw and hindpaw representation included areas
      of the lateral toes; only a few responses represented the medial parts of the
      paw.

PMID- 3401753
TI  - Neuronal and paracrine regulation of adrenal steroidogenesis: interactions
      between acetylcholine, serotonin and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) on
      corticosteroid production by frog interrenal tissue.
AB  - The adrenocortical cells of frog interrenal (adrenal) tissue are controlled by
      multiple factors. Recently, we have shown that corticosteroidogenesis is
      stimulated by acetylcholine released from splanchnic nerve terminals as well as
      by serotonin and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) which are both contained in
      chromaffin cells. Since these 3 putative neuroregulators are known to interact
      with each other on various target organs, we have investigated possible
      coordinate actions of acetylcholine, serotonin and VIP on adrenal steroid
      production, using a perifusion system technique for frog interrenal tissue.
      Simultaneous infusion of submaximal doses of VIP (10(-5) M) and acetylcholine (5
      X 10(-5) M) induced stimulations of corticosteroids (corticosterone and
      aldosterone) which were strictly additive. When VIP (10(-5) M) and serotonin (5 X
      10(-6) M) were infused together, a potentiation of the individual responses was
      observed. In contrast, concomitant infusion of acetylcholine (5 X 10(-5) M) and
      serotonin (5 X 10(-6) M) caused a total blockage of the stimulatory effect of
      serotonin. Muscarine (10(-5) M) caused a similar blockade of the response of
      adrenocortical cells to serotonin while nicotine (5 X 10(-5) M) did not alter the
      stimulatory effect of serotonin. The inhibitory effect of acetylcholine on
      serotonin-induced steroidogenesis was antagonized by atropine (10(-5) M). Thus,
      acetylcholine appears to block the corticotropic action of serotonin by
      interacting with typical muscarinic receptors. Taken together our results
      indicate that 3 of the neuroregulators which participate in the control of
      adrenal steroidogenesis, namely acetylcholine, serotonin and VIP, may interact on
      their target cell to modulate the activity of their congeners.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3401754
TI  - Responses of quadriceps motor units to mechanical stimulation of knee joint
      receptors in the decerebrate cat.
AB  - Recordings were obtained from single quadriceps motor units in decerebrate cats.
      Tonic discharges were induced in these units by stretch applied to the patellar
      tendon. The activity of these motor units was examined during repetitive
      mechanical indentation of the posterior aspect of the knee joint capsule. The
      amplitude of indentation could be graded to regularly elicit a volley of one or
      more action potentials from afferents travelling in the posterior articular nerve
      (PAN). Either repetitive indentation at a fixed frequency or random indentation
      resulted in entrainment of motor unit discharge with a latency of 6.5-17 ms from
      the onset of the first PAN spike. This effect was achieved in one case by a
      single joint afferent. Usually two or more afferents were required to produce
      entrainment. This effect was mediated by joint receptors as its reversibly
      abolished by application of lignocaine to the joint nerve. The modal reflex
      latency suggests that group II joint afferents were responsible for this effect.
      Stimulation of some areas of the joint capsule readily produced motor unit
      entrainment whereas other areas did not although PAN afferents were also
      activated at the latter sites, suggesting inhomogeneity in the synaptic actions
      of joint afferents.

PMID- 3401755
TI  - Bilateral pericruciate cortical innervation of the red nucleus in cats with adult
      or neonatal cerebral hemispherectomy.
AB  - We studied remodeling of the remaining corticorubral projections in adult cats
      sustaining a left cerebral hemispherectomy in adulthood or neonatally using
      cortical injections of [3H]leucine-proline. Injection sites and terminal fields
      were reconstructed from autoradiography-processed tissue. In all cats, the label
      filled similar extents of ares 4 gamma and 3a of the right frontal cortex. We
      used sections at 8 coronal planes throughout the red nucleus (RN) for computer
      assisted analysis of visually estimated density and topography of distribution of
      terminal label, and for calculation of RN cross-sectional area. Additionally, at
      3 coronal planes we further quantified terminal label using computerized
      procedures (number of particles for surface area). In all lesioned cats we found
      terminal label in the RN contralateral to the injection site with a topographic
      distribution similar to that of the RN ipsilateral to the injection in normal or
      lesioned cats and in absence of any significant shrinkage of the nucleus. The
      difference between the 2 age-at-lesion groups was that in the cats with neonatal
      ablation the density of contralateral terminal label was about double that seen
      in adult-lesioned subjects. However, the amount of contralateral labeling in
      adult-lesioned cats was substantial and represented a significant increase over
      the minimal labeling seen in normal cats. There were no differences between
      groups in labeling or size of the RN ipsilateral to the injection site. For
      reasons discussed, we interpret the label on the side of the hemispherectomy as
      representative of reinnervation of the cortically deafferented RN by crossing
      collaterals of fibers arising in the remaining motor cortex and not as lesion
      sustained persistent prenatal connections.

PMID- 3401756
TI  - Anatomical and functional connections of neurons of the rostral medullary raphe
      of the rabbit.
AB  - Single cell recordings were made from neurons in the rostral medullary raphe
      (RMR) of the rabbit. The recording sites were ones that had been shown to yield
      pressor responses from electrical stimulation and by pressure injections of
      glutamate. Electrical stimulation of the intermediolateral (IML) region of the
      spinal cord led to antidromic activation of 12 of the 100 cells studied. Eleven
      of these cells were located in raphe pallidus or raphe magnus, and one cell was
      located in raphe obscurus. These findings were consistent with the results of
      horseradish peroxidase (HRP) histochemistry experiments. Injections of HRP into
      the IML led to heavy cell body labeling in raphe pallidus and raphe magnus, but
      sparse labeling in raphe obscurus. Cells in the RMR could be orthodromically
      activated by electrical stimulation of the putative defense area of the
      periaqueductal (PAG) but not by stimulation of putative defense areas in the
      hypothalamus. Most of these cells were located in raphe pallidus or raphe magnus.
      Similarly, HRP injections into raphe pallidus and raphe magnus led to heavy cell
      body labeling in the PAG but not the hypothalamus; no cell body labeling was
      found in the PAG when injections were made into raphe obscurus.

PMID- 3401757
TI  - Iontophoretic application of glucocorticoids inhibits identified neurones in the
      rat paraventricular nucleus.
AB  - In an electrophysiological study designed to examine the negative feedback
      effects of glucocorticoid hormones, we have recorded the electrical activity of
      147 neurones in the paraventricular nucleus of the rat hypothalamus. 37 (25%) of
      the neurones were antidromically identified as projecting to the median eminence
      and were located at a mean depth of 2.35 +/- 0.08 mm from the base of the brain,
      corresponding with the corticotropin-releasing factor-rich region of the nucleus.
      The mean firing rate of the identified cells was 4.7 +/- 0.6 Hz which was not
      significantly different from that of adjacent, unidentified cells (5.6 +/- 0.6
      Hz). Most (17/18, 94%) of these cells tested responded to painful somatosensory
      stimuli and 26 (74%) of the identified cells were inhibited by iontophoretic
      application of corticosterone and/or hydrocortisone, whereas only one cell was
      excited and 8 unaffected. Of the identified cells, only 18 (20%) were inhibited,
      36 (41%) were excited and 34 (39%) were non-responsive. The proportion of
      inhibitory responses was thus greater for the identified cells (P less than
      0.005; chi 2-test). For the identified cells, whose spontaneous activity was
      unaffected by glucocorticoid application, glutamate-evoked responses could
      usually be depressed by the application. The time course of all responses usually
      showed an immediate onset, increasing in magnitude and continuing for extended
      periods following cessation of iontophoresis. Electrophysiologically identified
      magnocellular neurones were also tested and the majority (7/12, 58%) of
      vasopressin-secreting neurons were also found to be inhibited, whilst all (8/8,
      100%) of the oxytocin-secreting neurones were excited by the glucocorticoid
      application. These results may represent an electrophysiological correlate of the
      negative feedback control of adrenocortical secretion and are discussed within
      this context.

PMID- 3401758
TI  - Effects of colchicine on the intraneuronal transport of secretory material prior
      to the axon: a morphofunctional study in hypothalamic neurosecretory neurons of
      the rat.
AB  - The effects of colchicine on neurosecretory neurons of the rat hypothalamus were
      studied by immunocytochemistry, high-resolution radioautography, and conventional
      electron microscopy. In control rats, intraneuronal immunocytochemical labeling
      of vasopressin, oxytocin and somatostatin occurred essentially in the Golgi
      apparatus, the neurosecretory granules and to a lesser extent, the endoplasmic
      reticulum. These immunostaining patterns were dramatically modified 24 h after
      the administration of colchicine: immunoreactive peptides were located in
      granular or tubular structures accumulated at the periphery of the perikarya, but
      the Golgi stacks were not immunostained. Two h after the administration of
      tritiated leucine, quantitative analysis of radioautographic labeling of
      supraoptic perikarya revealed large amounts of radioactive protein in the Golgi
      saccules of neurosecretory neurons in control rats, but in the neurons of
      colchicine-treated rats, radioautographic labeling was mainly located in granular
      structures accumulated at the periphery of the perikarya, with no significant
      labeling on the Golgi stacks. Lastly, 3 noteworthy effects of colchicine on the
      ultrastructural morphological features of these neurosecretory neurons consisted
      in: (1) a dramatic disorganization of the Golgi complexes, (2) an accumulation of
      electron-dense proteic material within the lumen of cisternae of both the rough
      and smooth endoplasmic reticulum and, (3) a marked depolymerization of perikaryal
      microtubules, specifically those associated with the Golgi stacks. Taken
      together, these data do not fit the prevailing concept that the colchicine
      induced accumulation of secretory material within the perikarya of neurosecretory
      neurons essentially results from the blockade of axoplasmic transport mechanisms.
      Instead, they support the idea that the effects of colchicine are related to the
      inhibition of the intraneuronal transport of newly synthesized secretory material
      from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus, suggesting that the
      microtubules associated with the Golgi stacks are possible sites of colchicine
      action.

PMID- 3401759
TI  - Local cerebral glucose consumption during ethanol withdrawal in the rat: effects
      of single and multiple episodes and previous convulsive seizures.
AB  - Local cerebral glucose consumption (l-CMRgl) was studied using [14C]2
      deoxyglucose autoradiography in minimally restrained rats during acute (12 or 18
      h postwithdrawal (p.w.] and late (14 days p.w.) ethanol withdrawal, as well after
      10 previous, weekly withdrawal episodes as after a similar period of isocalorical
      feeding. A period of two days of intoxication was established by gastric
      intubation. Spontaneous incomplete convulsive seizures were observed during the
      8th to 10th withdrawal episode. Audiogenic seizures occurred following
      stimulation during the 6th and 10th withdrawal episode. Animals with previous
      spontaneous or audiogenic seizure were distributed randomly and evenly among the
      groups. l-CMRgl values were adjusted to a temperature of 38 degrees C. During
      acute withdrawal, l-CMRgl was significantly reduced by 18-32% in cortical and
      most limbic regions, but unchanged in cerebellum and subcortical structures as
      compared with the neutral state (late withdrawal and control groups). l-CMRgl was
      relatively more lowered in the amygdala in animals with previous spontaneous
      withdrawal seizures and in structures belonging to the auditory system in animals
      with previous audiogenic seizures. l-CMRgl did not differ among neutral groups.
      The lowered l-CMRgl in cortical and limbic regions during withdrawal contrasts to
      the results of previous studies. This difference may be attributed to the minimal
      restraint of animals in this study. The pattern of l-CMRgl in acute and late
      withdrawal animals with previous spontaneous withdrawal seizures is consistent
      with a mechanism comparable to electrical amygdala kindling contributing to
      seizure genesis.

PMID- 3401760
TI  - Influence of non-neuronal cells on regeneration of the rat sciatic nerve.
AB  - The ability of the rat sciatic nerve to regenerate into a previously frozen
      distal nerve segment was studied and compared to regeneration after a crush
      lesion. The regeneration rate in the frozen segment was 1.9 mm/day, which was
      approximately half of that observed after a crush lesion (3.3 mm/day). If an
      unfrozen nerve segment was left intact beyond the frozen section, the rate of
      regeneration increased to 3.2 mm/day. However, a fresh nerve segment sutured
      along the frozen segment did not significantly affect the rate of regeneration.
      Incorporation of [3H]thymidine in the regenerating nerve, analyzed after 1, 3 and
      6 days, showed an increased labelling in the frozen segment. This increase spread
      from the proximal nerve segment into the frozen section. In nerves where a
      segment was left intact beyond the frozen section, [3H]thymidine incorporation
      was seen to enter the frozen section from both sides. The spreading of
      [3H]thymidine incorporation appeared to correlate with the rate of regeneration.
      However, the same pattern of incorporation could be observed in nerves where
      regeneration was detained by a transection. The results suggest that Schwann
      and/or other cells which invade the frozen nerve segment affect the rate of
      axonal elongation, and that the migration of these cells occurs independently of
      regenerating fibers.

PMID- 3401761
TI  - Combined cholinergic and serotonergic denervation of the forebrain produces
      severe deficits in a spatial learning task in the rat.
AB  - The purpose of the present experiments was to study the effects of a combined
      cholinergic and serotonergic denervation of the rat forebrain on spatial learning
      using the Morris water maze task. Experiment 1 compared the acute effects of a
      radiofrequency lesion of the septum, an intraventricular 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine
      (5,7-DHT) lesion, and a combined septal plus 5,7-DHT lesion. Although the 5,7-DHT
      lesion alone did not produce any significant deficits in the water maze task, the
      lesion greatly potentiated the learning impairments produced by the septal
      lesion. Thus, the rats with both lesions combined showed severe difficulties in
      finding the platform and they did not develop any place navigational search
      strategy. This effect was not dependent on any effect on swimming ability or
      locomotor activity. The long-term effects of the combined septal and 5,7-DHT
      lesion was investigated in experiment 2, where the rats were tested in the water
      maze both 5 and 24-25 weeks after surgery. In this experiment, the rats showed
      the same severe deficits in spatial learning in both tests, showing that the
      impairments remain for long periods and after extended training. The results show
      that a combination of a cholinergic and a serotonergic denervation of the rat
      forebrain produces pronounced impairments in spatial learning in the Morris water
      maze task, and that this effect is long-lasting. This indicates that the recently
      proposed serotonergic deficit in patients with Alzheimer's disease may contribute
      importantly to the cognitive disabilities in these patients.

PMID- 3401762
TI  - The calcium channel antagonist, omega-conotoxin, and electric organ nerve
      terminals: binding and inhibition of transmitter release and calcium influx.
AB  - We have previously shown that the calcium channel antagonist omega-conotoxin M
      VII-A blocks neurotransmitter release from isolated nerve terminals
      (synaptosomes) from the electric organ of the electric ray (Yeager et al., J.
      Neurosci., 7 (1987) 2390-2396). We now demonstrate that a related but more
      readily available peptide, omega-conotoxin G-VI-A (CgTx), also blocks the release
      of transmitter from these terminals and, in addition, inhibits depolarization
      dependent uptake of Ca2+ into these terminals. The half-maximal inhibitory
      concentration (IC50 for block of depolarization-evoked release and for
      depolarization-dependent uptake of Ca2+ are approximately 3 and 2 microM,
      respectively. These results suggest the inhibitory effects of CgTx are due to the
      inhibition of Ca2+ entry into synaptosomes through voltage-sensitive calcium
      channels. Assays of radioiodinated CgTx binding to electric organ synaptosomal
      membranes and synaptosomes appear to show a single binding site with an apparent
      dissociation constant (Kd) of 3-5 microM and toxin receptor densities of 290 and
      52 pmol/mg protein, respectively. These CgTx receptor densities are equivalent to
      6% of the total synaptosomal membrane protein and 1% of the total synaptosomal
      protein (assuming a molecular weight of 200 kDa for the toxin receptor). If the
      observed CgTx receptor densities reflect the actual densities of voltage
      sensitive calcium channels in electric organ synaptosomal membranes and
      synaptosomes, these preparations would be the richest source of these channels
      yet described.

PMID- 3401763
TI  - Abnormal hyperexcitability of hippocampal slices from kindled rats is transient.
AB  - The anatomic substrates and mechanisms responsible for the development and
      permanence of kindling remain to be determined. One region believed to play an
      important role in kindling development is the hippocampus. Epileptiform activity
      (K+-induced spontaneous bursting) was recently shown to be enhanced in
      hippocampal slices from kindled rats studied 1 day after kindling from the
      lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC). Identical results one month after kindling
      raised the possibility that hippocampal excitability might be permanently
      increased in kindled animals. One goal of the present study was to confirm this
      finding, and also to extend it in terms of both the anatomic extent and the
      duration of this excitability increase. Stimulus train-induced bursting (STIB) is
      an in vitro model of hippocampal epileptogenesis. Parallels between STIB and
      kindling suggested STIB might prove useful for studying mechanisms underlying
      kindling. To strengthen the relation of STIB to kindling, we examined whether
      slices from kindled animals would behave as if they had undergone STIB during
      kindling. K+-induced bursting and STIB were studied in hippocampal slices from
      control and kindled rats one day and about 3 months after completion of kindling
      from the right LEC. Both K+-induced bursting and STIB development were enhanced
      one day after kindling. The enhancement of K+-induced bursting was present in
      both temporal and septal slices from both the ipsilateral and the contralateral
      hippocampus. Neither of these proepileptic changes was detected 3 months after
      kindling.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3401764
TI  - Effects of GABA on CA3 pyramidal cell dendrites in rabbit hippocampal slices.
AB  - Using the in vitro rabbit hippocampal slice preparation, we have investigated the
      effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) iontophoresis on CA3 pyramidal cell
      dendrites. The predominant response (70% of the cells tested) was a
      hyperpolarization associated with a 30% decrease in cell input resistance (Rm).
      These hyperpolarizations displayed a very pronounced voltage dependency: they
      were decreased by cell depolarization and flattened by hyperpolarization.
      Bicuculline methiodide (BMI, 50 microM) did not abolish this response, nor did
      intracellular iontophoresis of chloride ions. In 5% of the cells, an additional
      hyperpolarization was obtained with longer ejection times; it reversed close to
      the reversal potential of the early component of the IPSP. In 25% of the cells,
      dendritic GABA application produced a depolarization. This response was reversed
      with cell membrane depolarization and was associated with a large (80%) decrease
      in Rm. The depolarizations were abolished by BMI (50 microM) and greatly
      increased by increasing the intracellular chloride concentration. None of the
      responses to GABA were affected by blockade of synaptic transmission. We conclude
      that the predominant response of CA3 pyramidal cell dendrites to GABA application
      is a hyperpolarization mediated by GABAB receptors and probably carried by
      potassium ions. The depolarizing responses are mediated via GABAA receptors and
      depend on an increase in chloride permeability.

PMID- 3401766
TI  - Comparison of a carboxypeptidase E-like enzyme in human, bovine, mouse, Xenopus,
      shark and Aplysia neural tissue.
AB  - Several diverse species contain an enzyme with many properties in common with
      those of bovine carboxypeptidase E (CPE), a neuropeptide processing
      carboxypeptidase B-like enzyme. This enzyme has been designated EC 3.4.17.10, and
      is also known as enkephalin convertase and carboxypeptidase H. All tissues that
      are known to contain bioactive peptides also contain CPE-like enzymatic activity.
      In Xenopus laevis, enzyme activity is highest in the brain and pituitary, lower
      in the skin, and undetectable in liver and gut. In Aplysia californica, enzyme
      activity is highest in the atrial gland, but is also present in moderate amounts
      in the various neural tissue. CPE extracted from human, bovine, mouse, Xenopus,
      shark, and Aplysia neural tissue is substantially purified using substrate
      affinity chromatography and concanavalin A sepharose columns. The partially
      purified enzyme from all species examined possess very similar enzymatic
      properties. These properties include a pH optimum of 5.6, a stimulation by cobalt
      chloride, and an inhibition by chelating agents (1,10-phenanthroline). Arginine
      derived active site-directed inhibitors show similar inhibition constants (Ki's)
      towards enzyme from the various species, whereas lysine-derived inhibitors are
      substantially less potent towards the Aplysia carboxypeptidase than towards
      enzyme isolated from the other species. The similar properties of the
      carboxypeptidase isolated from the various species suggests that a CPE-like is
      involved in the biosynthesis of many peptide neurotransmitters and hormones in a
      wide range of organisms.

PMID- 3401765
TI  - Acetylcholinesterase-containing fibers and choline acetyltransferase activity in
      isolated cerebral microvessels from goats.
AB  - Microvessels have been isolated from goat cerebral cortex and caudate nucleus.
      The purity of the preparations was assessed by light microscopy and by the high
      enrichment in the marker enzymes alkaline phosphatase and gamma
      glutamyltransferase. Choline acetyltransferase activity was detected in the
      vascular fractions, being significantly higher in capillaries than in larger
      vessels. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-containing fibers were visualized in vessels
      of different caliber. Vessels with diameters larger than 70-90 microns showed a
      network pattern of fibers similar to that of pial arteries. In small vessels (10
      70 microns) longitudinal or helical fibers were observed with occasional side
      branches that surround the vessel. No AChE staining was visualized in isolated
      capillaries under light microscopy. This study shows that isolated intracerebral
      microvessels are suitable preparations for histochemical studies of perivascular
      nerves. Taken together, the biochemical and histological results are in
      accordance with a cholinergic innervation of the goat intracerebral vasculature.

PMID- 3401768
TI  - Synaptic interface surface area increases with long-term potentiation in the
      hippocampal dentate gyrus.
AB  - The present study continues our attempt to understand the ultrastructural changes
      that accompany and may underlie long-term potentiation (LTP). This report
      describes changes with LTP in the surface area of the pre- and postsynaptic
      membrane apposition at the synapses formed by entorhinal cortical (EC) axons with
      granule cell dendritic spines of the dentate gyrus (DG). The electrophysiology
      and electron microscopy of the DGs from each animal followed conventional
      procedures. The trace length of the pre- and postsynaptic apposition was measured
      for identified asymmetric synapses in the dentate molecular layer. The total
      apposed membrane surface area per unit volume (Sv) was then computed for 4
      categories of synaptic profiles for each third of the molecular layer.
      Statistical analysis of the Sv data used multivariate analyses of variance.
      Across the entire molecular layer, total apposed Sv does not change significantly
      with LTP. However, in the activated portion of the molecular layer, total apposed
      Sv increases significantly, reflecting a significant increase in the apposed Sv
      for the concave spine profiles there. For these spine profiles, the increased
      apposed Sv is due to the increased membrane area both at the postsynaptic density
      and beyond. The average apposed surface area per individual synapse also
      increases markedly with LTP. The present data support the hypothesis of
      coordinated pre- and postsynaptic anatomical changes with LTP in the EC-DG
      system.

PMID- 3401767
TI  - Dynamic cerebral and systemic circulatory effects of adenosine, theophylline and
      dipyridamole.
AB  - The effects of intravenous adenosine, dipyridamole and theophylline on local
      cerebral blood flow were studied in conscious rabbits. Long-term quantitative
      blood flow measurements were performed in 5 cerebral structures together with
      tissue pO2 and pCO2 measurements by a mass spectrometry technique. In an
      additional study, the time course of the cerebrovascular changes was determined
      by thermal clearance. It was found that: firstly, adenosine failed to modify
      local blood flow except in the caudate nucleus; secondly, dipyridamole increased
      cerebral blood flow in all 5 structures under study, and lastly, theophylline
      decreased cerebral blood flow in the same 5 structures. The increase in caudate
      blood flow induced by adenosine was instantaneous and lasted only for the
      duration of the infusion, whereas the cerebrovascular changes induced by
      dipyridamole and theophylline were gradual and persisted after their
      administration. Theophylline blocked the systemic and cerebrovascular changes
      caused by adenosine alone and by dipyridamole alone. In anesthetized rabbits, the
      intracarotid infusion of adenosine showed that the caudate reaction only occurred
      in the ipsilateral hemisphere. Taken together, our findings suggest that the
      transport system for adenosine in cerebral vessels is not only species-dependent
      but also structure-dependent. Furthermore, perivascular adenosine helps to
      maintain resting cerebrovascular tone and finally, cerebral adenosine may be
      involved in the control of cerebral blood flow via specific adenosine receptors.

PMID- 3401769
TI  - Correspondence between 5-HT2 receptors and serotonergic axons in rat neocortex.
AB  - The anatomic relationship between serotonergic (5-HT) axons and 5-HT2 receptors
      in the rat forebrain was determined by a combined analysis of transmitter
      immunocytochemistry and receptor autoradiography. High densities of 5-HT2
      receptors, localized by the ligand N1-methyl-2-125I-LSD (125I-MIL), are found in
      neocortex and striatum; these regions also receive a dense serotonergic
      innervation. Regional variations in the density of 5-HT2 receptors and 5-HT axons
      correspond closely in most, but not all, areas of the forebrain. In somatosensory
      cortex (SI), the laminar distribution of 5-HT2 receptors closely matches that of
      5-HT axons: in particular, a dense band of 5-HT2 receptors in layer Va of SI is
      in precise register with a dense plexus of fine 5-HT axons. We have also observed
      a close spatial relationship between 5-HT2 receptors and fine axons in other
      areas of the forebrain, suggesting that 5-HT2 receptors may be selectively linked
      to a particular type of 5-HT axon terminal. Since fine axons of this type have
      been reported to arise from the dorsal raphe nucleus, it appears likely that 5
      HT2 receptors may mediate the effects of dorsal but not median raphe projections.

PMID- 3401770
TI  - Suppression of sleep by prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors in unrestrained rats.
AB  - Sleep-suppressive activity of prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors, diclofenac
      sodium (DF) and indomethacin (IM), was examined in unrestrained male rats. An
      intraperitoneal injection of 5 mg/kg IM, or an oral administration of 5 mg/kg DF
      and 10 mg/kg IM at an early phase of the light period transiently decreased slow
      wave sleep (SWS) and paradoxical sleep (PS) to 30-62% and 0-38%, respectively, of
      the control level in the first hour. An intravenous infusion of 0.4 mg DF or 0.4
      mg IM or an intracerebroventricular infusion of 0.04 mg DF continuously during a
      10-h diurnal period resulted in a significant decrease in SWS and PS by 9-17% and
      17-21%, respectively, from the baseline value in the 12-h light period. The DF
      infusion was accompanied by a rebound rise in the nocturnal SWS and PS and the
      subsequent diurnal PS. The results indicate that the depletion of
      prostaglandin(s) in the brain is responsible for the DF- and IM-induced
      suppression of sleep.

PMID- 3401771
TI  - Unmyelinated and myelinated axon membrane from rat corpus callosum: differences
      in macromolecular structure.
AB  - The macromolecular structure of unmyelinated and myelinated internodal axon
      membrane was examined with freeze-fracture electron microscopy. Unmyelinated
      axons exhibited a gradient of axonal diameters, generally ranging from 0.1 to 0.5
      micron, with some unmyelinated axons of up to 0.7 micron diameter. Myelinated
      fibers also displayed a range of axonal diameters, with axons generally 0.3-1.0
      micron. The overlap in diameters, between unmyelinated and myelinated fibers,
      permitted a comparison of membrane structure in myelinated and unmyelinated axons
      of the same diameter. Small (less than 0.5 micron) diameter unmyelinated axons
      exhibited a moderate density (approximately 700/micron2) of P-face
      intramembranous particles (IMPs), while large (greater than or equal to 0.5
      micron) caliber unmyelinated axons displayed a significantly greater P-face IMP
      density (approximately 1100/micron2). Internodal membrane of both small (less
      than 0.5 micron) and large (greater than or equal to 0.5 micron) diameter
      myelinated fibers exhibited densities of P-face particles (approximately
      1400/micron2) that were similar to each other, but significantly different from
      unmyelinated fibers. These results demonstrate that there are differences in
      membrane structure between unmyelinated and myelinated axons of similar diameter.
      These findings also demonstrate that membrane structure of unmyelinated axons is
      not invariant for all unmyelinated fibers within a given CNS tract but, on the
      contrary, is related to diameter.

PMID- 3401772
TI  - Effects of chronic flurazepam treatment on firing rate of rat substantia nigra
      pars reticulata neurons.
AB  - The effect of a benzodiazepine, flurazepam, on the spontaneous activity of
      neurons in the pars reticulata of the substantia nigra was studied in chloral
      hydrate anesthetized rats. Flurazepam produced a dose-related suppression of
      neuronal activity. In rats that were chronically treated with flurazepam,
      tolerance to flurazepam was present after 7 and 28 days, but not after only 3
      days of treatment. Tolerance persisted at least 2, but not 7 days after 4 weeks
      of chronic treatment.

PMID- 3401773
TI  - Functional zones in the auditory cortex of the echolocating bat, Myotis
      lucifugus.
AB  - Neurophysiological mapping experiments in the auditory cortex of the frequency
      modulated bat, Myotis lucifugus, reveal 3 functional subregions: a tonotopic zone
      located dorsally, a delay-sensitive zone more ventrally, and an intermediate zone
      of major overlap. The unique finding of an overlapping cortical region
      representing both spectral and time-delay information of echoes is intriguing in
      view of a recent behavioral study suggesting the convergence of such echo cues in
      auditory perception. (Simmons et al., Soc. Neurosci. Abstr., 13 [1987] 870).

PMID- 3401774
TI  - A hypoxic injury potential in the hippocampal slice.
AB  - In rat hippocampal slices, neurons in the stratum pyramidale of the CA1 were
      stimulated orthodromically and antidromically while the resultant extracellular
      population spikes were monitored. Hypoxic conditions were then induced. After
      disappearance of the orthodromic population spike, a second orthodromic
      population spike appeared. We have titled this the hypoxic injury potential since
      it reflects the onset of permanent injury to neurons in area CA1 of the
      hippocampus.

PMID- 3401775
TI  - Glucocorticoid toxicity in the hippocampus: in vitro demonstration.
AB  - Glucocorticoids (GCs) disrupt the energy metabolism of neurons of the
      hippocampus, and thus leave them more vulnerable to a variety of damaging
      metabolic insults. In this manner, GCs appear to influence the rate of
      hippocampal neuron loss during aging in the rat, as well as the severity of
      hippocampal damage following hypoxia-ischemia or seizure. These GC actions could
      be secondary to their multitudinous peripheral actions. The present report,
      however, suggests that GCs directly endanger hippocampal neurons. Glucocorticoid
      induced sensitization of neurons to damaging toxins was demonstrated in vitro.
      The viability of primary cultures of dispersed fetal rat hippocampal neurons was
      assessed following exposure to a variety of neurotoxins. Prior incubation of the
      cultures with the rodent-typical GC, corticosterone, significantly decreased
      neuronal viability in the face of the toxins. Such compounds included the
      glutaminergic excitotoxin kainic acid, the antimetabolite 3-acetylpyridine and
      the superoxide radical generator paraquat. As little as 10(-9) M corticosterone
      could potentiate damage, a concentration equivalent to low basal values in vivo.
      Higher concentrations of corticosterone could potentiate damage even further;
      these corticosterone concentrations were not themselves damaging. Administration
      of glucose increased neuronal viability in the face of the GC/toxin combination,
      without increasing viability following toxin alone. This suggests that a critical
      feature of the action of GCs on neurons might be the inhibition of glucose
      utilization (which is a hallmark of peripheral GC action).

PMID- 3401776
TI  - Melatonin enhances horizontal cell sensitivity in salamander retina.
AB  - Intracellular electrophysiological recording techniques were utilized to
      investigate the possible function of retinal melatonin in the larval tiger
      salamander. Endogenous retinal melatonin was present and appeared to bind a
      membrane-enriched fraction of the salamander retina, as determined by
      radioimmunoassay and receptor binding studies. Melatonin added through the
      perfusion bath to flat-mounted retinas resulted in a horizontal cell (HC)
      hyperpolarization of 10-20 mV. Additionally, the amplitude of HC responses to
      short test flashes increased in the presence of melatonin. Voltage-intensity
      plots revealed that application of 500 microM of melatonin caused an increase of
      the HC light sensitivity and this effect was reversible. These results suggest
      that melatonin synthesized and released during the dark period of the diurnal
      cycle may alter the sensitivity of second-order neurons at a time of day when
      photopic input is at its lowest level.

PMID- 3401777
TI  - Effects of estradiol and dexamethasone on choline acetyltransferase activity in
      various rat brain regions.
AB  - Estradiol, administered to ovariectomized rats, increased choline
      acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity in the caudate nucleus, cortex, hippocampus,
      and hypothalamus, suggesting possibly widespread central cholinergic involvement
      in estrus-related behavior. Dexamethasone also, except in hypothalamus, increased
      ChAT activity, notably (50%) in hippocampus. ChAT activity changes did not
      correlate with reported regional hormone receptor density. Estradiol's effect in
      the caudate suggests that hormone receptor and affected enzyme may not
      necessarily coexist intraneuronally.

PMID- 3401778
TI  - Fibre composition of the feline trochlear and abducens nerves.
AB  - Cat trochlear and abducens nerves were studied by electron microscopy at two
      different levels. Five mm peripheral to the exit from the brainstem, the average
      number of myelinated axons is 965 in the trochlear nerve and 1901 in the abducens
      nerve. The size spectrum is unimodal and small myelinated axons predominate. Both
      nerves contain 16% unmyelinated axons at this level. At the PNS/CNS transition,
      the nerve fascicles contain few unmyelinated axons, but bundles of such axons are
      present in the adjacent pia mater. We suggest that the trochlear and abducens
      nerves may channel unmyelinated sensory and/or autonomic axons to the
      leptomeningeal blood vessels and the pia mater of the brainstem.

PMID- 3401779
TI  - Two mechanisms of photoendocrine transduction in cultured chick pineal cells:
      pertussis toxin blocks the acute but not the phase-shifting effects of light on
      the melatonin rhythm.
AB  - We have recently described a system, using dispersed chick pineal cells in static
      culture, which displays a persistent, photosensitive, circadian rhythm of
      melatonin release. Light has two apparent effects on this melatonin rhythm: the
      first is an acute inhibition of melatonin output, the second is entrainment of
      the underlying pacemaker. These two effects could be mediated by the same or
      different mechanisms. Pertussis toxin, which acts to block the function of
      transducin and certain other G-proteins, blocked the acute effects of light on
      chick pineal cells, but not the ability of light pulses to induce phase-dependent
      phase shifts of the rhythm. There must, therefore, be at least two mechanistic
      pathways by which light affects chick pineal melatonin production. Transducin or
      other pertussis toxin-sensitive G-proteins would appear to be involved in the
      acute effects of light on the melatonin-synthesizing apparatus, but not in the
      effects of light on the circadian pacemaker which generates the melatonin rhythm.
      Some plausible pertussis toxin-sensitive mechanisms are discussed.

PMID- 3401780
TI  - Memory disturbances following ibotenic acid injections in the nucleus basalis
      magnocellularis of the rat.
AB  - The behavioral effects of lesions of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM) on
      two spatial discrimination tasks (place navigation and cross maze) were examined
      in the rat. These tasks were designed to test reference memory. Lesions by
      bilateral injection of ibotenic acid into the NBM led to a severe and permanent
      impairment in the learning of the cross maze task. In the learning of the place
      navigation task, the rats with lesions showed only a transient deficit.
      Immediately after the removal of the platform, the rats with lesions explored the
      quadrant (NE) previously containing the platform as long as controls and above
      chance levels. The rats with lesions did not extinguish exploration like the
      controls, seen as a reduction both in time spent in the NE quadrant and in
      swimming activity. Taken together, the results showed that (1) NBM lesions impair
      reference memory, but (2) spare other aspects of memory. On the basis of the
      results in the place navigation task, procedural memory was assumed to remain
      intact after lesion of the NBM. Biochemical assays of choline acetyltransferase
      (ChAT) in various brain regions in the lesioned animals demonstrated a reduced
      ChAT activity in the neocortical projections of the NBM but not in the
      hippocampus. However, it cannot be decided from this work whether behavioral
      deficits result from the lesion of cholinergic or of non-cholinergic cells in the
      NBM.

PMID- 3401781
TI  - Acute lead exposure transiently inhibits hippocampal neuronal activities in
      vitro.
AB  - The effects of acute lead exposure on extracellularly recorded evoked responses
      in the CA1 region of hippocampal slices were investigated. Field potentials in
      response to paired-pulse stimulation were assessed while perfusing the slices
      with normal media and media containing lead in concentrations of 0.2 microM to 53
      microM. The evoked population excitatory postsynaptic potentials decreased during
      lead exposure to a lesser extent than the orthodromically evoked population
      spike, whereas the presynaptic fiber volley remained unchanged. The maximal
      inhibition of the orthodromically evoked responses depended strongly on the lead
      concentration. The input-output relations of the orthodromic responses obtained
      during perfusion with lead significantly differed from those during control
      conditions. The somatic short-term potentiation obtained by paired-pulse
      stimulation increased during the lead exposure. Lead seemed to inhibit the evoked
      activities only transiently: within 20 min after lead onset, the recorded
      responses had reached the control level again in spite of further lead perfusion.
      In contrast to the orthodromically evoked responses, the antidromically evoked
      population spikes remained constant at all concentrations used. It is concluded
      from these results that lead acts presynaptically in the hippocampal slice
      preparation. Additionally, lead interferes with non-synaptic processes at the
      pyramidal neurons in the CA1. Possible influences of lead over different
      neurotransmitter systems are discussed.

PMID- 3401782
TI  - Distribution of medullary respiratory neurons in the rat.
AB  - In Nembutal-anesthetized and spontaneously breathing rats, a total of 226
      respiratory neurons were recorded in the medulla extending from the caudal end of
      the facial nucleus to 1 mm caudal to the obex. They were classified into
      inspiratory (I) and expiratory (E) neurons by their temporal relationships to
      diaphragm EMGs. One hundred and seventeen I and 108 E neurons were identified. I
      and E neurons were further classified into augmenting, decrementing, and other
      types based on their firing patterns. Almost all the respiratory neurons recorded
      were located around the nucleus ambiguus and the nucleus retroambigualis,
      corresponding to the ventral respiratory group (VRG) of the cat. On the other
      hand, only a few respiratory neurons were identified around the ventrolateral
      nucleus of the solitary tract, corresponding to the dorsal respiratory group of
      the cat. In the VRG, 3 subgroups were distinguished rostrocaudally. One group of
      E neurons was located ventrally to the rostral part of the nucleus ambiguus,
      presumably corresponding to the Botzinger complex defined in the cat. Another
      group of E neurons extended caudally beyond the obex, from the caudal portion of
      the nucleus ambiguus through the nucleus retroambigualis. Between these two
      groups of E neurons, an assembly of predominantly I neurons existed in the
      vicinity of the nucleus ambiguus. These characteristics of distributions were
      basically similar to those of the VRG of the cat.

PMID- 3401783
TI  - Shiverer jimpy double mutant mice. IV. Five combinations of allelic mutations
      produce three morphological phenotypes.
AB  - Mice which simultaneously express mutant genes at both the shi and jp loci
      (double mutant mice) have phenotypes much more complex than simple addition of
      individual mutant characteristics. Morphological study of shi jpmsd, shimld jp,
      and shi/shimld jp, and comparison with previously studied shi jp and shimld
      jpmsd, shows that 3 classes of central nervous system (CNS) white matter
      morphology are produced. (1) shi jp shows suppression of most jp characteristics:
      it is like shi except for more major dense line, and possibly more myelin, than
      shi alone. No other combination has as much myelin or any major dense line at
      all. (2) shi jpmsd has qualitative and quantitative characteristics intermediate
      between the two single mutants. (3) All combinations studied involving shimld
      have much less myelin than either single mutant. Qualitatively they express most
      jp locus features but suppress all shi locus features except abnormalities of
      myelin compaction. The difference between shi and shimld has more influence on
      the double mutant morphology than the difference between jp and jpmsd. In the 3
      mutant combination, shi/shimld jp, the influence of shimld completely overrides
      that of shi. These morphological phenotypes resist assignment to any hierarchy of
      normalcy, and their specific features have no simple explanation in presently
      known molecular biology of the shi and jp locus mutations. They suggest the
      possibility of multiple copies and multiple primary functions of the messages at
      these loci.

PMID- 3401784
TI  - Efferent projections of inspiratory neurons of the ventral respiratory group. A
      dual labeling study in the rat.
AB  - The efferent projections of the medullary respiratory neurons of the rat were
      studied using an anterograde tracer, Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA-L).
      In Nembutal-anesthetized rats, PHA-L was iontophoretically applied to (1) the
      area of inspiratory neurons of the ventral respiratory group (VRG) around the
      nucleus ambiguus, or (2) the area ventrolateral to the solitary tract. In
      addition, a fluorescence retrograde tracer, Fast blue (FB), was injected into the
      cervical phrenic nerve several days after the PHA-L injection. When PHA-L was
      injected into the area of predominantly inspiratory neurons of VRG, dense PHA-L
      labeled axons were observed bilaterally in the spinal cord: the ipsilateral
      projections were noticeably denser than the contralateral ones. Fine axonal
      branches were distributed around a column of the phrenic motoneurons and boutons
      were observed on the somata of the FB-labeled motoneurons, suggesting
      monosynaptic connections between VRG inspiratory neurons and phrenic motoneurons.
      On the other hand, when PHA-L was injected into the area ventrolateral to the
      solitary tract, only a few descending axons to the spinal cord were seen
      bilaterally. No contacts between the PHA-L-labeled axons and the FB-labeled
      phrenic motoneurons were observed. The brainstem projections of the VRG were
      found bilaterally in the nuclei ambigui, Cajal's interstitial nuclei of the
      solitary nucleus, the solitary nuclei, the hypoglossal nuclei, the Kolliker
      Fuse's nuclei, and the subcoeruleus areas.

PMID- 3401785
TI  - Intrathecal 5-hydroxytryptamine and electrical stimulation of the nucleus raphe
      magnus in rats both reduce the antinociceptive potency of intrathecally
      administered noradrenaline.
AB  - The antinociceptive potency of noradrenaline (NA), as assessed by suppression of
      the spinal nocifensive tail flick and paw withdrawal reflexes was examined. The
      tail flick latency (TFL) was increased to the cut-off value for a period of
      approximately 120 min following the intrathecal microinjection of a standard 15
      nmol dose of NA. A similar intrathecal dose of NA produced an increase in
      threshold to elicit the paw withdrawal reflex for a period of approximately 20
      min. When preceded by a standard intrathecal microinjection of 260 nmol 5
      hydroxytryptamine, the antinociceptive potency of NA was significantly reduced as
      reflected by both the tail flick and paw withdrawal tests. In addition,
      electrical stimulation of the posterior raphe complex immediately before and
      during the NA-induced increase in TFL, significantly reduced the antinociceptive
      potency of NA. It is concluded that spinal tryptaminergic activity can reduced
      the duration of the antinociceptive action of intrathecally applied NA.

PMID- 3401786
TI  - A morphometric analysis of extracellular space in the developing spinal cord of
      the chick embryo.
AB  - The developmental changes in the amount and distribution of the expanded
      extracellular space (ECS) (i.e. wider than 100 nm) were analyzed in the cervical
      spinal cord of chick embryos between stage 9 and 29, using electron micrograph
      montages, which cover one half of the cross-sectional area of the cord. The
      percentage of the ECS expansion to the whole cross-sectional area of the cord was
      11.0% at stage 9, 7.7% at stage 11, 7.8% at stage 15, and 9.7% at stage 17. It
      decreased markedly to 3.0% at stage 22 and 1.3% at stage 29. The highest
      percentage at stage 9 may reflect the dynamic structural changes associated with
      neural groove closure which takes place around this time. The marked decrease
      after stage 22 is associated with the rapid overall growth of the cord. Until
      stage 19, the ECS expansions were mostly elongated and arranged radially with
      respect to the central canal. The ECS became scarce and arranged randomly
      thereafter. Throughout the stages examined, especially between stages 17 and 19,
      percentage was higher in the outer half of the cord than in the inner half. The
      outer glial limiting membrane was not established by stage 29. Between stages 17
      and 22, the percentage was higher in the dorsal region than in the ventral
      region. This appears to be associated with the regional difference in neuronal
      maturation. The first blood vessels penetrated the ventromedial portion of the
      cord around stage 22, where the ECS expansions were relatively scarce. The
      successive rapid decrease in the amount of ECS expansions can be correlated to
      the development of vascularization.

PMID- 3401787
TI  - The action of gamma-aminobutyric acid on the horizontal cells of the skate
      retina.
AB  - The effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were studied in the superfused
      retina of the skate. Intracellular recordings were made from horizontal cells.
      After application of 500 microM GABA there was a depolarization of the membrane
      potential, a decrease in the light-evoked amplitude of the response and an
      increase in the duration of the waveform.

PMID- 3401788
TI  - Zinc content in discrete hippocampal and amygdaloid areas of the epilepsy (El)
      mouse and normal mice.
AB  - In the present study, zinc content was determined in discrete hippocampal and
      amygdaloid areas of 3 strains of mice (El, ddY and CBA) using an atomic
      absorption spectrophotometer. Zinc content was significantly lower in the dentate
      area of El strain compared to ddY and CBA strains. The El mouse is considered an
      animal model for epilepsy and the seizures in this mouse appear to originate in
      the hippocampus. The results suggest the possible involvement of hippocampal zinc
      in the pathophysiology of convulsive seizures in the epileptic mouse.

PMID- 3401789
TI  - The effect of visual cortex lesions on vertical optokinetic nystagmus in the cat.
AB  - Vertical optokinetic nystagmus (VOKN) was measured before and after visual cortex
      lesions using the magnetic search coil technique. In normal cats, upward motion
      elicits higher slow phase gain than downward motion, especially at high stimulus
      velocities. Following decortication, the gain of upward VOKN may be attenuated by
      as much as 35% at stimulus velocities of 20% or more. This high velocity deficit
      in upward VOKN is consistent with the results of single unit studies of the
      lateral terminal nucleus (LTN) of the accessory optic system which suggest that
      visual cortical input (via the LTN) makes a direction specific contribution to
      the motion sensitivity of VOKN.

PMID- 3401790
TI  - Effects of EEG synchronization on visual responses of the cat's geniculate relay
      cells: a comparison among Y, X and W cells.
AB  - Single unit activities of Y, X and W cells were recorded in the cat lateral
      geniculate nucleus to study how their responses to stationary light spots change
      with the cortical EEG. The shift from desynchronized to synchronized EEG
      drastically suppressed W cell activities, depressed both transient and sustained
      components of X cell responses, but did not affect the transient component of Y
      cell responses. This was ascribed to different inhibitory circuitries in the
      three parallel pathways and their differential modulation by the ascending
      brainstem activities.

PMID- 3401792
TI  - Investigations of the origins of transient acetylcholinesterase activity in
      developing rat visual cortex.
AB  - Transient acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity is characteristic of cortical area
      17 of the developing laboratory rat during the second and third postnatal weeks
      of life. This AChE activity is most intense in a band that corresponds to
      cortical layer IV and the deep part of layer III, but also is found in the outer
      half of cortical layer I and in layer VI. The morphology of the pattern of the
      histochemical reaction product indicates that the transient AChE is
      characteristic of an axonal terminal field. The present report describes results
      of 3 sets of experiments aimed at determining the source of transient AChE in
      cortical area 17. First, placement of lesions in portions of the basal forebrain
      or in the cingulate bundle results in a decrease in the general pattern of AChE
      throughout occipital cortex and especially in layer I, but the transient bands of
      AChE in layers III-IV of cortical area 17 are not eliminated. Second, kainic acid
      or cobalt chloride injections in cortical area 17 result in the loss of many AChE
      positive neuronal somata but do not eliminate the transient pattern of AChE in
      thalamo-recipient layers of cortical area 17. Similarly, treatment of fetuses
      with mitotic inhibitors that eliminate many of the neurons destined for granular
      and supragranular layers does not eliminate transient patterns of AChE. Third,
      lesions that include the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus or
      geniculocortical projections result in a marked loss of the pattern of AChE in
      thalamo-recipient layers of cortical area 17, without significant loss in other
      layers of area 17 or in other regions of occipital cortex. These data support the
      hypothesis that the transient AChE found in thalamo-recipient layers of cortical
      area 17 is contained within geniculocortical axon terminals.

PMID- 3401793
TI  - Histochemically demonstrable activity of phosphate-activated glutaminase in the
      postnatally developing rat hippocampus.
AB  - Phosphate-activated glutaminase (PAG) mediating the conversion of glutamine to
      glutamate and ammonia, appears to be the major glutamate metabolizing enzyme in
      brain. The functional relevance of PAG in postnatally maturing
      glutamatergic/aspartatergic structures of the rat hippocampus was studied by
      means of quantitative enzyme histochemistry as an alternative to
      immunocytochemical techniques. The calibration of the histochemical PAG reaction
      as well as several control experiments for specificity were carried out to ensure
      reliability of findings. PAG activity increased markedly during the first weeks
      of life with a drastic rise between postnatal days 12 and 15. On the other hand,
      activity of NADH diaphorase involved in the histochemical PAG assay as an
      auxiliary enzyme, showed a different distribution pattern as well as a different
      developmental sequence with high levels early in ontogenesis. The topographical
      and temporal parallelisms of PAG activity to several other parameters which are
      putatively associated with postnatally maturing glutamatergic/aspartatergic
      transmission processes, mutually indicate their significance in such a functional
      context.

PMID- 3401791
TI  - Experimental studies on the olfactory marker protein. IV. Olfactory marker
      protein in the olfactory neurons transplanted within the brain.
AB  - The presence of the olfactory marker protein (OMP) was studied in brain
      transplants of rat neonatal olfactory mucosa. In all transplants examined, many
      olfactory neurons were observed inside the transplanted neuroepithelium and
      within the surrounding brain parenchyma. However, only few neurons were OMP
      positive. The absence of proper target and/or the ectopic brain environment are
      the two possibilities put forward to explain why the olfactory matrix produces
      cellular elements which do not express OMP even when they seem to reach
      morphological maturity.

PMID- 3401794
TI  - Analgesic effects of intrathecally applied noradrenergic compounds in the
      developing rat: differences due to thermal vs mechanical nociception.
AB  - Peak noradrenergic receptor development in rat spinal cord has been shown to
      occur around 12 days of postnatal life. The intent of the present study was to
      examine the development of analgesia produced by spinally applied noradrenergic
      agonists. The extent to which these drugs modulate pain information evoked by a
      thermal vs mechanical stimulus in the infant rat was also addressed. Intrathecal
      norepinephrine resulted in analgesia that was more pronounced against a
      mechanical than thermal stimulus and more pronounced in 10-day-olds than 3-day
      olds. The alpha 2 receptor agonist clonidine produced a dose-dependent analgesia
      that first appeared at 7 days of age when tested with a thermal stimulus and 3
      days of age when tested with a mechanical stimulus. The analgesic effect of
      clonidine was also greatest at 10 days of age. The alpha 1 agonist phenylephrine
      was without analgesic effects. The developmental profile of behavioral analgesia
      correlates with the ontogeny of noradrenergic receptor activity in the spinal
      cord. The finding that intrathecal norepinephrine produced a more pronounced
      analgesia against a mechanical rather than thermal stimulus in the adult is
      supported by our investigation in the infant rat.

PMID- 3401796
TI  - Development of brainstem auditory evoked potentials in heterozygous and
      homozygous jaundiced Gunn rats.
AB  - Bilirubin toxicity is a significant clinical problem causing neurologic and
      audiologic sequelae. To better understand the pathogenesis of bilirubin toxicity
      in the immature nervous system we studied the development of brainstem auditory
      evoked potentials (BAEPs) in jaundiced (jj) Gunn rats and their non-jaundiced
      (Jj) littermates. Littermate pairs of Jj and jj rats were studied serially from
      early infancy to adulthood. Replicated BAEPs to click stimuli at two different
      intensities (45 and 75 dB SPL) and rates (33 and 89/s) were obtained from animals
      anesthetized with ketamine and acepromazine and maintained at a constant rectal
      temperature. Jaundiced (jj) rats had increased latencies of waves II and III and
      the I-II and I-III intervals, and decreased amplitudes of waves II and III from
      17 days of age through adulthood. For both groups, all latencies and interwave
      intervals decreased with age (P less than 0.0001 for each wave and interwave
      interval by repeated measures ANOVA), and the amplitude of II increased with age
      (P less than 0.0001). No group differences were found in wave I latency or
      amplitude, or in the latency change of waves I, II or III as a function of
      intensity (about 11 microseconds/dB at all ages), suggesting that peripheral
      auditory function is normal in jj rats. Finally, there were no different effects
      of stimulation rate on BAEP wave latencies between groups. The findings suggest
      dysfunction of the central (brainstem) auditory pathways at and rostral to the
      cochlear nuclei, and are consistent with studies showing destruction of the
      cochlear nuclei in this animal model and in humans with bilirubin toxicity. The
      central abnormalities previously found in adult, jaundiced rats are now
      demonstrated in animals as early as 17 days of age, when serum bilirubin
      concentration is maximum. The BAEP findings are similar to changes found in
      hyperbilirubinemic human neonates, and support the use of the Gunn rat animal
      model for the study of bilirubin encephalopathy.

PMID- 3401795
TI  - Effects of neonatal spinal cord serotonin depletion on opiate-induced analgesia
      in tests of thermal and mechanical pain.
AB  - There is considerable evidence that serotonin (5-HT) is involved in the analgesic
      actions of various opiates. However, it is less clear which opioid receptor types
      interact with these descending systems and whether the various monoaminergic
      pathways are specific for different types of nociceptive signals. In the present
      study we lesioned the spinal cord serotonin pathways by neonatal spinal
      injections of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT) and tested the analgesic effects
      of morphine and ketocyclazocine one and two weeks later using both mechanical and
      thermal noxious stimuli. The treatment depleted spinal cord serotonin by more
      than 90% while not affecting norepinephrine levels. The effects of morphine were
      greatly attenuated in the depleted animals when the thermal noxious stimulus was
      applied. The analgesic actions of morphine were only slightly affected when the
      mechanical stimulus was applied. The effects of ketocyclazocine were not reduced
      by the treatment. The results further buttress the conclusion that at least part
      of morphine's analgesic effects are mediated by descending serotonin systems and
      that these systems are primarily effective against a thermal stimulus. The data
      suggest that non-5-HT brainstem system(s) are involved in morphine-induced
      analgesia to a mechanical noxious stimulus.

PMID- 3401797
TI  - Effects of GABA and baclofen on pyramidal cells in the developing rabbit
      hippocampus: an 'in vitro' study.
AB  - Using the in vitro hippocampal slice preparation, we have investigated the
      effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and its analogue beta-(p-chlorophenyl)
      GABA (baclofen) on CA1 and CA3 pyramidal cells in the developing rabbit
      hippocampus. Somatic applications: both GABA and baclofen, when applied to CA1
      pyramidal cells from immature tissue, led to cell depolarization from resting
      membrane potential; this baclofen depolarization may be indirectly mediated. In
      contrast, CA3 pyramidal cells at the same age were primarily hyperpolarized by
      both drugs. In mature tissue, both GABA and baclofen applied at the soma induce
      cell hyperpolarizations. Dendritic applications: immature CA1 cells responded to
      dendritic GABA and baclofen application with depolarizations associated with
      increased cell excitability; here, too, the baclofen depolarization may be due to
      indirect 'disinhibition'. Both depolarizing and hyperpolarizing responses were
      recorded in immature tissue when GABA was applied to CA3 pyramidal cell
      dendrites: baclofen produced only hyperpolarizations. In mature CA1 cells,
      dendritic GABA application produced membrane depolarization, but dendritic
      baclofen application produced hyperpolarizations. In mature CA3 cells, dendritic
      GABA and baclofen application produced predominant hyperpolarizations. Mature CA1
      pyramidal cells appear to retain some of the GABA-induced depolarizations
      characteristic of immature tissue. In contrast, mature CA3 neurons show only
      hyperpolarizing responses to GABA and baclofen application. In all cases,
      responses to GABA and baclofen are associated with a decrease in cell input
      resistance. We conclude that the GABAergic receptor/channel complexes mature
      differently in the CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus.

PMID- 3401798
TI  - The pattern of dendritic development in the cerebral cortex of the rat.
AB  - The pattern of dendritic development of layer V pyramidal cells in the neocortex
      of the rat was studied using a variety of quantitative techniques in an attempt
      to determine what rules govern dendritic differentiation. Animals were sacrificed
      on postnatal days (P) 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 60, their brains
      impregnated with the rapid Golgi technique, and cells from the sensorimotor
      cortex examined for maximal apical and basilar dendritic field, number of
      dendritic branches at 20 micron intervals from the cell body, number of apical
      and basilar branch types (branching order), length of dendritic branch segments,
      and dendritic spine density. Primary dendrites are formed early in development,
      with no new ones formed after P7-10. Once a dendritic segment has bifurcated, all
      further development appears to occur at the tip, i.e. the trunk does not seem to
      undergo additional elongation, and new branches do not appear to form from the
      trunk. There is a plateau in dendritic differentiation close to the cell body
      after approximately P20; however, there is a continued increase in the length of
      terminal dendritic branches in the distal portions of the dendritic field into
      adulthood. During early development, dendrites bifurcate on reaching
      approximately 20-30 microns; however, during adulthood additional length is added
      to terminal dendrites without branching. Dendritic spines increase dramatically
      early in development, and then decline on proximal dendrites but continue to
      increase on terminal branches into adulthood. These results suggest that the
      terminal portion of the dendritic field remains plastic into adulthood, and that
      during development several general rules govern the pattern of dendritic
      differentiation.

PMID- 3401799
TI  - Appearance and distribution of neuron-specific enolase and calbindin (CaBP 28
      kDa) in the developing human inner ear.
AB  - The onset and development of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and calbindin
      immunoreactivities were studied in the inner ear of human fetuses aged from 6-7
      to 14 weeks of gestation. NSE occurred very early in ganglion neurons. Its
      appearance in vestibular sensory cells at 8 weeks coincided with the formation of
      the first afferent synapses, and showed an apex/base gradient in the cristae.
      Calbindin was found in vestibular ganglion neurons at 6-7 weeks and in the
      cochlear ganglion neurons at 8-9 weeks. Vestibular sensory cells and the whole
      ventral wall of the cochlear duct were stained from 8-9 weeks. At 14 weeks,
      calbindin staining occurred only in the sensory cells of the cochlear
      neuroepithelium. Non-neuronal secretory structures, i.e. Kolliker's organ and
      some cells of the transitional zone of the utricle, were also reactive. Staining
      appeared in Kolliker's organ with a base to apex gradient and disappeared from it
      with an internal to external gradient. Calbindin appeared in vestibular sensory
      cells later than NSE staining, synapse formation and sensory hair bundle
      differentiation. By contrast in the cochlea, calbindin staining appeared in the
      neuroepithelium before sensory cell differentiation, but remained only in the
      hair cells after they had differentiated and been contacted by the afferent
      fibers.

PMID- 3401800
TI  - Ontogeny of dopaminergic function in the rat midbrain tegmentum, corpus striatum
      and frontal cortex.
AB  - Ontogenic development of the dopaminergic system in rat brain was investigated.
      This was accomplished by monitoring changes in postsynaptic dopamine receptor
      formation and presynaptic dopamine content in the midbrain tegmentum, frontal
      cortex and corpus striatum from the 18th day of gestation through adulthood. The
      dopamine antagonist spiperone was used as the binding ligand to quantitate
      receptor number while dopamine content was measured chromatographically.
      [3H]Spiperone binding kinetics in adult animals revealed that the maximum number
      of receptor sites (Bmax) was 160, 900 and 597 fmol/mg protein in midbrain
      tegmentum, frontal cortex and corpus striatum, respectively, while the
      corresponding equilibrium constant (Kd) values were 0.15, 0.52 and 0.15 nM.
      During the course of development, the affinity for spiperone binding in corpus
      striatum and frontal cortex did not change significantly, while in midbrain
      tegmentum the binding affinity in younger animals was significantly lower.
      Results from competitive inhibition experiments using various serotonergic and
      dopaminergic antagonists suggested that at all ages dopamine D2-receptors were
      responsible for spiperone binding in corpus striatum and midbrain tegmentum. In
      frontal cortex, binding properties consistent with D2-receptors were observed in
      non-adult animals; by the time adulthood was reached, however, spiperone binding
      characteristics were altered and appeared to correspond to serotonin sites. The
      developmental patterns of the dopaminergic markers were different in all 3
      tissues. Adult receptor levels were achieved very early in midbrain tegmentum,
      while increases in receptor number continued in corpus striatum and frontal
      cortex, at different rates, throughout the postnatal period. A marked increase in
      dopamine in corpus striatum occurred during the second and third postnatal weeks
      and the transmitter content remained relatively constant after this time.
      Transient fluctuations in endogenous dopamine during the postnatal period were
      observed in midbrain tegmentum and frontal cortex. A general feature of the
      ontogenic pattern in all tissues appeared to be increases in dopamine receptor
      preceding increases in dopamine synthesis. A hypothesis on the developmental
      regulation of dopamine neurons was derived.

PMID- 3401801
TI  - Locally correlated activity in the goldfish tectum in the absence of optic
      innervation.
AB  - Despite a substantial literature on the role of correlated presynaptic activity
      in the patterning of nerve connections during synaptogenesis in the central
      nervous system, few studies have focuses on postsynaptic activity during this
      process. To address the possibility that the target exhibits correlated activity
      independently of presynaptic activity, extracellular activity was recorded from
      the main optic innervation layer stratum fibrosum et griseum superficiale (SFGS)
      in goldfish in which the optic nerve was crushed or the eye removed. At about 2
      weeks after denervation, multiunit recordings revealed phasic temporally
      correlated discharge between different tectal units. Auto-correlation analysis of
      these trains showed a broad peak 75-100 ms wide confirming temporal correlation.
      Using cross-correlation analysis of two simultaneous recordings at different
      distances across tectum, this correlation was shown to be local. Strong positive
      correlations were detected over about 200 micron and decrease with greater
      distances disappearing beyond about 400 micron. These correlograms showed a broad
      symmetrical peak about 75-100 ms wide. This pattern of activity persisted from
      the day following nerve crush into the period of activity dependent reinnervation
      at 1 month. When the eye was removed, the pattern could be demonstrated for up to
      3 months of denervation indicating the circuitry responsible for the correlated
      activity was quite stable in the absence of optic innervation. We conclude that
      tectal elements are capable of locally correlated discharge independently of
      optic innervation. We propose that locally correlated discharge represents
      cooperative groups of tectal cells and that these groups, rather than single
      cells, are the target of the activity dependent synaptic rearrangement such as
      ocular dominance columns which occurs during synaptogenesis.

PMID- 3401802
TI  - Survival and development of embryonic and postnatal cerebellum transplanted into
      adult rat hosts: effect of growth as explants in culture prior to
      transplantation.
AB  - The survival and organization of embryonic and postnatal cerebellum transplanted
      into intracephalic cavities in adult rat hosts was studied before and after
      growth as explants in tissue culture. It is well known that embryonic cerebellum
      survives transplantation and develops a typical cerebellar cytoarchitecture. This
      study demonstrates that early postnatal cerebellum survives transplantation
      poorly if at all using the intracephalic transplant paradigm. Postnatal
      cerebellum is capable of extensive growth and organization in explant culture;
      however, prior growth in explant culture did not enhance survival in the
      transplant situation. On the other hand, embryonic cerebellum grown in explant
      culture for as long as two weeks, to an age comparable to the postnatal
      cerebellar transplants, survives transplantation and develops similar
      cytoarchitectural features to directly transplanted embryonic cerebellum.

PMID- 3401803
TI  - Soluble proteins from rat olfactory bulb promote the survival and differentiation
      of cultured basal forebrain neurons.
AB  - A previous study of cholinergic development indicated a possible trophic
      relationship between the olfactory bulb and its afferents from the basal
      forebrain (Large et al., J. Neurochem., 46 (1986) 671-680). To examine this
      possibility further, cultured embryonic basal forebrain neurons from rat were
      used as a test system for trophic factor activity hypothesized to be present in
      olfactory bulb. Basal forebrain neurons grown in defined medium typically died
      within 2-3 days. However, survival and differentiation were strikingly enhanced
      by soluble extracts of olfactory bulb tissue. This trophic effect was noticeable
      with 2 micrograms/ml olfactory bulb protein, and plateaued at 100 micrograms/ml.
      The activity was heat- and trypsin-sensitive, non-dialyzable, stable in the cold,
      resistant to NGF antiserum, and approximately 100-150 kDa in size. Nerve growth
      factor, bovine serum albumin, laminin and extracts from heart did not mimic the
      activity. Long-term growth (21 days) in the presence of olfactory bulb proteins
      resulted in extensive neurite production, formation of thick neurite fascicles,
      and aggregation of cells. Some glia were present, as evidenced by the presence of
      glial fibrillary acidic protein, and large numbers of cells were positive for
      neuron-specific enolase and true acetylcholinesterase. Trophic activity was also
      present in medium conditioned by olfactory bulb slices, implying secretion of
      active factors.

PMID- 3401804
TI  - A lower proportion of filamentous to monomeric actin in the developing cerebellum
      of thyroid-deficient rats.
AB  - Using a DNase I inhibition assay, in the presence or the absence of guanidine
      hydrochloride (which depolymerizes the actin filaments), developmental changes in
      total and filamentous actin were determined in the cerebellum of normal and
      hypothyroid rats. The total actin content per mg protein was not modified by
      hypothyroidism. As in normal animals, it reached a maximum around the age of 8
      days and then decreased until adulthood. In contrast, the proportion of
      filamentous actin, which increased after the first postnatal week during normal
      development, was significantly reduced in the thyroid-deficient rats, only
      reaching normal values at 35 days. Thyroxine treatment for at least 4 days
      returned the filamentous actin content to normal at 14 days. The present study
      shows that the morphogenetic action of thyroid hormone is exerted not only on the
      microtubular apparatus, as previously described, but also in part through a
      control of actin monomer-polymer equilibrium.

PMID- 3401805
TI  - Cross-species grafting of embryonic mouse and grafting of older postnatal rat
      retinas into the lesioned adult rat eye: the importance of cyclosporin A for
      survival.
AB  - Embryonic day-15 mouse retinas were grafted into an adult rat retinal lesion site
      and allowed to survive for 9 and 30 days. Grafted animals received either no
      Cyclosporin A treatment, treatment for the first 10 days of transplantation or
      continuous treatment. In a second experimental set up, postnatal day-21 rat
      retinas were grafted under the same conditions and received either no Cyclosporin
      A administration, treatment during the first 24 h or continuous treatment over a
      6-day survival period. Our results show that continuous Cyclosporin A treatment
      is necessary for successful cross-species grafting as well as to maintain for
      some time partly viable day-21 rat retinal grafts.

PMID- 3401806
TI  - Development of a fetal circadian rhythm after disruption of the maternal
      circadian system.
AB  - The role of maternal circadian rhythms in the development of the fetal circadian
      system was investigated in the rat. Pregnant females were subjected to procedures
      known to disrupt circadian function, ablation of the maternal suprachiasmatic
      nuclei (SCN) or housing in constant illumination, on gestational day 10.
      Circadian function was assessed in fetuses at gestational day 22 by analysis of
      glucose utilization in hypothalamic slices in vitro using the 2-deoxyglucose
      method. Fetuses from control females exhibit a robust rhythm in glucose
      utilization in the SCN. In contrast, the SCN of fetuses from females with SCN
      lesions, or housed in constant illumination, show no significant day-night
      difference in glucose utilization. Analysis of individual brains indicates,
      however, that this apparent disruption in the development of circadian
      rhythmicity in metabolism in the fetal SCN is due to a desynchronization of
      individual fetuses resulting from the loss of maternal entraining influences.
      Thus, the fetal SCN is capable of developing a circadian rhythm in glucose
      utilization independent of the maternal circadian system.

PMID- 3401807
TI  - Development of 'non-specific' cholinesterase-containing neurons in the dorsal
      thalamus of the rat.
AB  - In adult rats, neurons displaying histochemical staining for 'non-specific'
      cholinesterase (ChE) are found 3 distinct regions of the dorsal thalamus: the
      thalamic reuniens nucleus (Re), the anterior dorsal nucleus (AD), and a region
      that includes the lateral part of the central lateral nucleus (CL) and the
      ventral portion of the lateral dorsal nucleus (LD). Normal development of ChE
      positive neurons was studied with cholinesterase histochemical techniques in
      postnatal infant rats. Although ChE staining of capillary endothelium is
      detectable shortly after birth, ChE staining of neurons first occurs at about
      postnatal day 5 (PND 5) with light staining of AD and CL-LD. At PND 7, staining
      in AD and CL-LD has increased in intensity and staining also is present in
      neurons of the anterior ventral (AV) and ventral anterior (VA) nuclei. ChE
      staining of neurons in Re first appears at PND 10. The number of neurons staining
      for ChE in each of these nuclei, and also the intensity of staining in individual
      neurons, appear to increase during the next several days until about PND 14.
      After PND 14, ChE staining intensity in neurons of AD, Re, and CL-LD appears to
      plateau and the pattern of staining continues into adulthood. In contrast, ChE
      staining of neurons in VA declines markedly and only a very few neurons in the
      dorsal part of VA remain ChE-positive after PND 21. ChE staining of neuropil in
      AV increases markedly, obscuring somatal staining in this nucleus. These results
      are discussed in regard to transient and continued expression of ChE activity in
      the dorsal thalamus and possible functional roles of ChE.

PMID- 3401808
TI  - Development of tonotopic representation in the Mongolian gerbil: a 2-deoxyglucose
      study.
AB  - The spatial representation of frequency in the central auditory system of the
      neonatal gerbil was mapped with the 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) autoradiographic
      technique. At 14 days after birth (DAB), pure tone stimulation produced
      recognizable patterns of 2-DG uptake. However, at this age, tone-induced areas of
      increased 2-DG uptake occurred at locations which in the adult respond to higher
      frequencies. The degree of shift in tonotopic representation was approximately
      two octaves. The normal adult tonotopic organization of auditory nuclei was
      achieved by 18 DAB, consistent with the rapid development of auditory function in
      the gerbil. The results suggest that the spatial distribution of frequency in the
      cochlea of neonatal animals is different from that in adults. Stimulus-evoked 2
      DG uptake occurred first in brainstem auditory nuclei, and was observed in
      midbrain and forebrain auditory structures only at later ages. This is consistent
      with a sequential development of function in the central auditory pathway.

PMID- 3401809
TI  - Inhibition of conditioned media-mediated neuritogenesis of sensory ganglia by
      monoclonal antibodies to GM1 ganglioside.
AB  - The monosialoganglioside GM1 can potentiate the neuritogenic activity of media
      conditioned by several cell types: neonatal glia, C6 glioma, embryonic chick
      heart or skeletal muscle and the rat myogenic line L6. To probe further the
      neuritogenic activity of conditioned media (CM), 5 mouse monoclonal antibodies
      (mAbs) against GM1, designated B6, C3, C4h2, D1 and D3 were incorporated
      individually into nutrient medium (NM) supplemented with CM prior to incubation
      with sensory ganglia. Nine-day embryonic chick dorsal root ganglia were explanted
      onto collagen-coated coverslips and incubated at 35 degrees C for 5 h in NM
      supplemented with 150 micrograms/ml GM1. After washing with NM, the explants were
      re-fed with NM + CM containing 20% mAb and cultured for an additional 43 h. The
      resultant neuritogenesis was evaluated microscopically by determining mean
      neurite number and length of randomly mixed cultures. The 5 antibodies differed
      in their capacities to inhibit CM-mediated neuritogenesis of these primed target
      cells. D1 and D3 were most effective in reducing neurite length and number
      produced by all sources of the CM, while C3 and C4h2 were intermediate in their
      inhibition of neurite initiation (number). The effect of B6 on neurite initiation
      and elongation was the least. The ability of these mAbs to inhibit neuritogenic
      activity of CM derived from both glial and myogenic tissue suggests that
      gangliosides play a basic role in neuronal development. The differing responses
      elicited by the individual mAbs may reflect a relationship between the structural
      complexity of the GM1 molecule and the neuritogenic mechanisms.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3401810
TI  - Brain-derived neurotrophic factor stimulates survival and neuronal
      differentiation in cultured avian neural crest.
AB  - The response of trunk neural crest cells taken from precise levels of the neural
      axis and cultured together with adjacent somites to Brain-derived neurotrophic
      factor (BDNF), was examined in cultures grown in a chemically defined medium. In
      control cultures, the number of neural crest-derived neurons expressing the HNK-1
      epitope, increased as a function of somitic level in a caudorostral direction.
      Treatment of cultures with increasing concentrations of BDNF (50 pg/ml to 1
      ng/ml) resulted in a 1.5- to 6-fold stimulation in the number of neurons
      developing from crest cells excised at advanced and post-migratory stages,
      whereas early migrating crest cells were responsive only to concentrations equal
      to or higher than 1 ng/ml of BDNF. Nerve growth factor used at 5 and 30 ng/ml had
      no effect on survival of HNK-1-positive cells at any of the somitic levels
      tested. In an attempt to identify the subpopulation of HNK-1-immunoreactive
      neurons responding to BDNF, control and treated cultures were stained for the HNK
      1 antibody in combination with substance P (SP) antibodies (as a marker for
      sensory neurons). SP immunoreactivity localized to a subpopulation of phase
      bright, HNK-1-positive neurons. The absolute number of SP-positive neurons
      increased 2- to 4-fold upon BDNF treatment; however, their relative proportion
      within the population expressing the HNK-1 epitope remained essentially unchanged
      from control to treated cultures (on day 1, 20% as compared to 23.3% and on day
      2, 44.6% compared to 49.7% for control and treated cultures, respectively). Taken
      together, these data suggest that BDNF stimulates primary neuronal
      differentiation of SP expressing neurons, and/or their survival.

PMID- 3401811
TI  - Nurses fight AMA proposal.

PMID- 3401812
TI  - Closed 'til Mack comes back.

PMID- 3401813
TI  - Nurses mount campaign to defeat RCT proposal.

PMID- 3401814
TI  - Isolation and partial characterization of a bacteriophage active on
      Hyphomicrobium sp. WI-926.
AB  - Isolation of a Hyphomicrobium phage from raw sewage from Athens, Ohio, was
      achieved by a combination of differential centrifugation, filtration, enrichment
      in mixed Hyphomicrobium cultures, and purification on individual host strains by
      subculturing single plaques in soft agar overlayers. Enrichments with water from
      Lake Erie and Lake Beechwood (Ohio) were unsuccessful. Out of 21 Hyphomicrobium
      strains and 22 other Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria tested, only
      Hyphomicrobium WI-926 (isolated from a German forest pond) was susceptible. This
      phage had an isometric head (diameter between opposite apices, 67 nm) and a short
      (12 nm), noncontractile tail and belongs thus to the morphogroup C1. It contained
      double-stranded DNA. The single-step growth curve showed a latent period of 9 h,
      a rise period of 6 h, and a burst size of 35. The various differentiation stages
      in the host development exhibited different affinities for phage adsorption and
      development. While all stages allowed phage adsorption, the daughter cells were
      most efficient. Phage multiplication was limited to daughter cells, and the
      development of infected swarmer cells was arrested permanently at this stage.

PMID- 3401815
TI  - IPPNW: forum for Soviet anti-American propaganda?

PMID- 3401816
TI  - Physicians and nuclear war: Why do doctors get involved?

PMID- 3401817
TI  - Alternative health care.

PMID- 3401818
TI  - Influenza vaccination for athletes?

PMID- 3401819
TI  - Curator cutis.

PMID- 3401820
TI  - Invasive aspergillosis of the nose and paranasal sinuses in immunocompromised
      children.

PMID- 3401822
TI  - Are Haitians at high risk of AIDS?

PMID- 3401821
TI  - Diaper dermatitis: simple remedy.

PMID- 3401823
TI  - Why quackery thrives.

PMID- 3401824
TI  - Immunity to rubella in prepubertal girls in Prince Edward Island.
AB  - A survey of rubella immunity was conducted among prepubertal girls in Prince
      Edward Island. Of the 431 girls enrolled in grade 4 in a random sample of schools
      83% had a school record of having been vaccinated after their first birthday. A
      screening test of finger-prick samples revealed that 95% of the girls with a
      written history of vaccination after their first birthday were immune, 79% of
      those vaccinated before their first birthday or for whom the date of vaccination
      was uncertain were immune, and 40% of unvaccinated girls were immune. Of the 49
      susceptible girls 43 were vaccinated; all but 2 were found to be immune on
      retesting. The findings support the recommendation of the National Advisory
      Committee on Immunization to vaccinate all prepubertal girls without a written
      history of rubella vaccination after their first birthday.

PMID- 3401826
TI  - Statement on influenza vaccination for the 1988-89 season.

PMID- 3401825
TI  - Laceration of the common peroneal nerve by a skate blade.

PMID- 3401827
TI  - More AIDS testing needed in general population, professor says.

PMID- 3401828
TI  - The politics of abortion.

PMID- 3401829
TI  - Cigarette sales to minors next target in CMA antismoking drive.

PMID- 3401830
TI  - Smokeless tobacco use: "just follow the brown stains on the snow".

PMID- 3401831
TI  - The future of health in Canada.

PMID- 3401832
TI  - Smoking practices, knowledge and attitudes regarding smoking of university
      hospital nurses.

PMID- 3401833
TI  - Population attributable risk for health promotion policy making: a management
      tool.

PMID- 3401834
TI  - The revolution in health planning: from inputs to outcomes, from resources to
      results.

PMID- 3401835
TI  - Occupational mortality among bartenders and waiters.

PMID- 3401836
TI  - Problems in community health care delivery: multidisciplinary family health
      services.

PMID- 3401837
TI  - Familial resemblance in lifestyle components: results from the Canada Fitness
      Survey.

PMID- 3401838
TI  - Alcohol, cannabis, cocaine and other substance use among Ontario adults 1977
      1987.

PMID- 3401839
TI  - Initiating community self-help: a model for public health workers.

PMID- 3401840
TI  - Strain comparison of systemic N-nitrosohexamethyleneimine carcinogenesis in
      BALB/c, SENCAR and CD-1 mice.
AB  - SENCAR mice have been selectively bred for hypersusceptibility to 2-stage
      chemical skin carcinogenesis. In this study the relative susceptibilities of
      SENCAR, BALB/c and CD-1 mice to systemic carcinogenesis by N
      nitrosohexamethyleneimine (NHEX) were examined. NHEX was administered twice
      weekly (1 mg/mouse) in corn oil by gavage for 30 weeks. NHEX caused primarily
      liver and lung tumors in all 3 strains of mice. Hemangiosarcomas (but not other
      liver tumors) were more common in CD-1 mice than BALB/c or SENCAR mice. Lung
      tumors (adenomas and adenocarcinomas) and forestomach tumors (squamous
      carcinomas) were more common in SENCAR mice than BALB/c or CD-1 mice. Survival
      was better in SENCAR mice dosed with NHEX than in the other 2 strains. These
      results indicate that SENCAR mice are not unusually sensitive to liver
      carcinogenesis by NHEX, but are relatively sensitive to tumorigenesis in 2
      epithelial tissues, lung and forestomach.

PMID- 3401841
TI  - Inhibition of dietary fat-promoted development of (pre)neoplastic lesions in
      exocrine pancreas of rats and hamsters by supplemental vitamins A, C and E.
AB  - The effects of vitamins A, C and E on the development of putative preneoplastic
      foci in exocrine pancreas were investigated in azaserine-treated rats and N
      nitrosobis(2-oxoproypy)amine-treated hamsters. The animals were fed a
      semipurified diet high in saturated fat (20% lard) either or not supplemented
      with vitamin A, vitamin C or vitamin E. A separate group maintained on a diet low
      in saturated fat (5% lard) was incorporated as extra controls. The animals were
      given their diets 12 days after the last treatment with carcinogen. At 4 months
      postinitiation, the pancreata were quantitatively examined for both the number
      and size of early, putative preneoplastic lesions and the presence of neoplastic
      lesions. Rats as well as hamsters maintained on 5% lard exhibited a significantly
      lower number of putative preneoplastic pancreatic lesions than animals fed a diet
      containing 20% lard. Growth of acidophilic but not of basophilic foci was
      inhibited in rats of the high vitamin A and C group, whereas vitamin E exerted an
      inhibitory effect on growth of basophilic but not of acidophilic foci. In
      hamsters maintained on a diet high in vitamins A or C, the number of early
      ductular lesions was significantly decreased, whereas the number of
      (micro)carcinomas was increased. Vitamin E did not have any modulating effect on
      development of ductal lesions in hamster pancreas.

PMID- 3401842
TI  - DNA methylating capacity in metastatic variants of a human melanoma cell line.
AB  - Certain highly metastatic (in athymic immunosuppressed "nude" mice) variants of
      the poorly metastatic human melanoma cell line MeWo have been found to contain
      dramatically reduced levels of DNA 5-methylcytosine compared to the parental cell
      line. To identify the underlying biochemical defect which could be responsible
      for the reduced DNA methylation within these cells, the intracellular ratio of S
      adenosylmethionine/S-adenosylhomocysteine and level of extractable DNA
      methyltransferase were examined. No significant difference in the ratio of S
      adenosylmethionine/S-adenosylhomocysteine or extractable DNA-methyltransferase
      activity were found between the highly malignant variants and the parental cell
      line. Thus, stable alterations in these cellular parameters are not likely
      responsible for the reduction in DNA 5-methylcytosine content which appears to
      occur during "progression" of the MeWo tumor line from a relatively benign to
      highly malignant state.

PMID- 3401843
TI  - Carcinogenesis by nitroso-2-hydroxyethylurea in splenectomized hamsters.
AB  - Several nitrosoalkylureas tested for carcinogenic activity in Syrian hamsters
      have as their main effect the induction of hemangiosarcomas of the spleen, many
      of which appear to metastasize to the liver. To investigate whether any of these
      lesions in the liver might not be metastases, a group of female Syrian hamsters
      was surgically splenectomized and treated with nitroso-2-hydroxyethylurea (NHEU)
      dissolved in corn oil/ethyl acetate once a week for 22 weeks. The animals
      survived much longer (median 45 weeks) than a comparable group of
      unsplenectomized female hamsters given identical treatment (median 24 weeks). The
      absence of hemangiosarcomas of the liver in the splenectomized hamsters showed
      that the presumed metastases seen in intact animals were, in fact, just that. A
      second interesting conclusion is that the compound did not produce a concomitant
      increase in tumors of other types.

PMID- 3401844
TI  - Induction of hyperplastic liver nodules in Wistar and MRC-Wistar rats by
      phenobarbital and the liver carcinogens acetoxime, 1-nitroso-5,6-dihydrouracil
      and 3-nitroso-2-oxazolidinone.
AB  - We tested the ability of phenobarbital and two liver carcinogens, acetoxime and 1
      nitroso-5,6-dihydrouracil (NDHU), to induce hyperplastic liver nodules (HLN) in
      MRC-Wistar and Wistar rats, using a system that included a single
      diethylnitrosamine (DEN) treatment, partial hepatectomy, and administration of
      the test compound in drinking water for 8 weeks. All three compounds induced
      significant HLN frequencies (number of HLN/cm2) in both rat strains. When the
      results for each strain were "normalized" for each compound and then combined,
      HLN frequency in MRC-Wistar rats was significantly lower (P less than 0.01) than
      that in Wistar rats. The weak liver carcinogen 3-nitroso-2-oxazolidinone (NOZ)
      did not induce a significant HLN frequency in MRC-Wistar rats. Acetoxime was
      highly volatile and was not mutagenic in the Ames test under a variety of
      conditions. The results for acetoxime are of interest because simple oximes are
      common constituents of oil paints. HLN induction by nitrosodihydrouracil is of
      interest because, unlike most liver carcinogens, this compound probably does not
      require metabolic activation and shows only a mild acute hepatoxicity.

PMID- 3401845
TI  - Effect of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor on human nasopharyngeal
      carcinoma cell line in vitro.
AB  - The cytostatic and cytotoxic effects of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor
      alpha (rHuTNF alpha) on a cultured nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell line were
      studied. rHuTNF alpha inhibited tritiated thymidine ([3H]TdR) and [14C]leucine
      incorporation by NPC cells. rHuTNF alpha also inhibited the growth of NPC cells
      as determined by microphotometry. Cytotoxic effect of rHuTNF alpha was observed 2
      days after incubation. Pulse hyperthermia or continuous hyperthermia in
      combination with rHuTNF alpha treatment was markedly cytotoxic for NPC cells in
      vitro. Addition of actinomycin D, cycloheximide, puromycin or vincristine sulfate
      to NPC cells also potentiated the cytotoxic effect of rHuTNF alpha.

PMID- 3401846
TI  - Sensitivity of a human oral carcinoma cell line to retinoic acid.
AB  - We have examined the effect of retinoic acid (RA) on proliferation of KB cells in
      both anchorage dependent and independent growth conditions. Our study shows that
      RA can cause a reduction in cell proliferation rate both in monolayer and in agar
      cultures. After 48 h of exposure to RA, the cells started to assume a flattened
      appearance and no longer formed multilayers. RA treatment also caused increase in
      generation time, reduction in saturation density and induced cell-to-substratum
      adhesiveness. These changes were reversed within 48 h after removal of RA from
      growth medium. The results show that this cell line is sensitive to RA-induced
      growth inhibition and morphologic alterations which are generally associated with
      reduced expression of the malignant phenotype.

PMID- 3401848
TI  - Power in unity.

PMID- 3401849
TI  - Measurement of psychosocial concerns of adolescents with cancer.

PMID- 3401847
TI  - Different response of chicken embryo fibroblasts and hepatocytes to the
      interference of certain antioxidants on the binding of [G-3H]benzo[a]pyrene to
      DNA.
AB  - The effects of treatment with reduced glutathione, cysteine and ascorbic acid on
      chick embryo fibroblasts and hepatocytes cultured in vitro in the presence of [G
      3H]benzo[a]pyrene ([3H]BP) were studied in an attempt to evaluate the capacity of
      these antioxidants to interfere with the binding of the carcinogen to DNA in
      these two cell populations. The results revealed that in the absence of treatment
      with antioxidants, the carcinogen bound to the DNA of the hepatocytes less than
      it did to that of the fibroblasts, despite the fact that the two cell populations
      manifest more or less the same uptake of [G-3H]benzo[a]pyrene from the medium.
      Moreover the hepatocytes, unlike the fibroblasts, seemed to reap little advantage
      from the known capacity of the antioxidants to interfere with the binding of the
      carcinogen to DNA.

PMID- 3401850
TI  - Death education.

PMID- 3401851
TI  - Preparing nurses for care of the dying. A longitudinal study.

PMID- 3401852
TI  - Scalp hypothermia in the prevention of doxorubicin-induced hair loss.

PMID- 3401853
TI  - Understanding radiotherapy.

PMID- 3401854
TI  - Patients' descriptions of the influence of tiredness and weakness on self-care
      abilities.

PMID- 3401855
TI  - Management of pain and nursing attitudes.

PMID- 3401856
TI  - Lisuride in Parkinson's disease. 4-year follow-up.
AB  - Lisuride at a mean daily dose of 3 mg was given to 48 patients with idiopathic
      Parkinson's disease. Twenty received lisuride alone (Group A) and 36 received
      lisuride + L-Dopa + peripheral decarboxylase inhibitors (Group B). Dropouts were
      due primarily to lack of efficacy in Group A patients and to mental side effects
      in Group B patients. The patients who remained in the study for the full 4 years
      showed distinct improvement, which was maintained. Group A patients did not have
      the on-off phenomenon or abnormal involuntary movements.

PMID- 3401858
TI  - Continuous dopaminergic stimulation in cranial dystonia.
AB  - Meige's disease is a distressing complaint, the treatment of which often poses a
      challenge to the neurologist. The patient described here had blepharospasm
      oromandibular dystonia, which responded transiently to oral lisuride. On three
      occasions, drug holidays successfully restored efficacy but thereafter further
      trials proved fruitless. Continuous subcutaneous lisuride administration in 0.35
      mg doses per day, by means of a portable infusion pump, led to sustained
      improvement for 7 months. No major side effects were observed. Our findings
      suggest that this treatment deserves further trials.

PMID- 3401857
TI  - Isolated jejunal pouches for levodopa delivery in parkinsonian patients with "on
      off". Successful experimental model in dogs.
AB  - In eight dogs, a 20 cm section of isolated jejunum with intact blood supply was
      externalized to the abdominal wall and used as a device for levodopa (LD)
      administration. Overall, Sinemet tablets and LD suspension produced similar
      plasma levodopa concentrations with oral and pouch administration. The most ideal
      plasma concentration curves were obtained for CR-3, a sustained release Sinemet
      preparation, given through the jejunal pouches. Plasma LD concentrations rose
      within the first hour after administration of CR-3 and remained constant for the
      next 3 h, before falling slowly. Isolated jejunal pouches may therefore be an
      effective, simple means of maintaining constant plasma LD concentrations in
      parkinsonian patients with motor fluctuations and may diminish the deleterious
      effects of erratic gastric emptying and competition with food-derived amino acids
      at the gut/blood transport system.

PMID- 3401860
TI  - Contractures of the extremities in parkinsonian subjects: a report of three cases
      with a possible association with bromocriptine treatment.

PMID- 3401859
TI  - Anterior pituitary hormone secretion during treatment with flunarizine in
      migrainous patients.

PMID- 3401862
TI  - Nicotine and tremor.

PMID- 3401861
TI  - Successful treatment of levodopa-induced myoclonus and levodopa withdrawal
      induced neuroleptic malignant syndrome. A case report.

PMID- 3401863
TI  - Short-term treatment of atypical spells with carbamazepine.

PMID- 3401864
TI  - The lumbar subarachnoid infusion test in infants.
AB  - The authors describe the results obtained with the lumbar subarachnoid infusion
      test in 75 infants with suspected abnormalities in the cerebrospinal fluid
      dynamics. On the basis of the results obtained, an algorithm is proposed that
      enables infants with normal intracranial responses during the test to be
      differentiated from those with defective cerebrospinal fluid absorption
      mechanisms.

PMID- 3401865
TI  - Outpatient pediatric neurosurgery.
AB  - In a 16-month period, 31 children underwent outpatient operations for a variety
      of neurosurgical problems. None of the patients experienced any anesthetic
      complications. One patient was admitted for management of a surgical complication
      and was discharged uneventfully 4 days later. A saving of at least 49.5% in
      hospital charges was produced when surgery was performed in the outpatient
      surgical facility, and a 19.8% reduction in costs was achieved when the main
      hospital operating suite was used on an outpatient basis. Neurosurgical
      procedures can be safely and inexpensively performed on an outpatient basis, even
      in children.

PMID- 3401866
TI  - Head injuries in children under 36 months of age. Demography and outcome.
AB  - Head injuries in children under the age of 3 years have not been extensively
      studied, due in part to the lack of an objective tool for neurological
      assessment. We have developed a Children's Coma Scale (CCS) by modifying the
      verbal response subscore of the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) to overcome this
      limitation. When applied prospectively to children under 3 years of age, we found
      the CCS to be useful in predicting outcome. During the 5-year study period from
      1981 to 1985, there were 738 patients with head injuries (0-16 years) admitted to
      the Children's Memorial Hospital in Chicago, including 318 (43.1%) less than 3
      years of age. Initial data demonstrated the following observations. The most
      common mechanism of injury was a fall (75.5%). Although a brief loss of
      consciousness (LOC) was reported in three-fourths of the patients, prolonged LOC
      of more than 6 h was uncommon (16/318, 5.0%). The classically described "lucid
      interval" was seen in only 7 children (2.2%) and was not a reliable indicator of
      epidural hematoma. Post-traumatic seizures developed more commonly in children
      under 2 years of age (15.7%) than in older children (11.6% under 3 years of age,
      9.6%, entire group), (P less than 0.001). Oculovestibular reflex and bilateral
      fixed dilated pupils had the most reliable correlation with outcome. Other brain
      stem reflexes were less useful.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3401867
TI  - Congenital desmoplastic fibroma of the cranium.
AB  - A case of congenital desmoplastic fibroma of the right parietal area between the
      two skull tables is presented.

PMID- 3401868
TI  - Recurrent intramedullary enterogenous cyst of the cervical spinal cord.
AB  - Intramedullary enterogenous cysts of the cervical spinal cord are rare. We report
      a case of symptomatic recurrence of this type of cyst 8 years following its
      original surgical treatment.

PMID- 3401869
TI  - Nosographic identification and classification of plagiocephaly.
AB  - A classification of anterior plagiocephaly is proposed by the authors on the
      basis of the clinical and radiological findings analyzed in a series of 28
      subjects less than 1 year old. Three main patterns of the anomaly have been
      identified. Type I anterior plagiocephaly is characterized by unilateral
      flattening of the frontal bone and elevation of the superior orbital ridge
      without deviation of the nasal pyramid. The vomer and petrous bones maintain a
      normal position. In type II anterior plagiocephaly, the frontal and orbital
      anomalies are accompanied by contralateral deviation of the nasal pyramid and
      homolateral anterior displacement of the petrous bone. A deviation of the
      sphenobasilar bone is associated with the above regard to the anomalies in type
      III anterior plagiocephaly. The three types of this particular form of
      craniosynostosis differ with difficulties involved in surgical management and
      outcome.

PMID- 3401870
TI  - Brain tumors in infants: a study of 76 patients operated upon.
AB  - Seventy-six children were studied who had been operated on for intracranial
      tumors; they ranged in age from 0 to 2 years. Twenty-nine cases were under 1 year
      and 47 between 1 and 2 years of age. The outlook was relatively poor regarding
      the highly malignant tumors, but surprisingly encouraging in benign and low-grade
      malignant neoplasms. The undesirable effects of complementary oncological
      treatment in this age category are stressed. On the other hand the importance of
      radical surgery is emphasized as the best treatment for these lesions.

PMID- 3401873
TI  - Congestive heart failure secondary to cerebral arteriovenous fistula.

PMID- 3401871
TI  - Medulloblastoma in infancy associated with omphalocele, malrotation of the
      intestine, and extrophy of the bladder.
AB  - A successfully treated case of infantile medulloblastoma is presented that was
      associated with omphalocele, malrotation of the intestine, and extrophy of the
      bladder. A 5-month-old boy was admitted due to disturbance of consciousness and
      was diagnosed by computed tomography as having a medulloblastoma. Ventricular
      drainage, subduralperitoneal shunt, and removal of the tumor were performed, and
      postoperatively radiation therapy was administrated with 4,000 rad to the whole
      brain. He was discharged in good condition and no evidence of recurrence was
      observed at the 14th post-operative month. Medulloblastomas associated with
      congenital anomaly of the abdomen have been only rarely reported. The authors
      postulate that between the second and third month of gestation an intrinsic or
      extrinsic factor may have caused the development of the medulloblastoma, as well
      as anomalies of the abdomen such as omphalocele, malrotation of the intestine,
      and extrophy of the bladder.

PMID- 3401872
TI  - Giant meningioma in a 5-month-old infant.
AB  - A case of intracranial meningioma is reported in a 5-month-old infant. To date,
      25 cases have been reported in the world literature in children less than 1 year
      of age. Macrocephaly was the most prominent clinical finding. Skull radiological
      studies, head CT scans, and cerebral angiography were definitive tools in making
      the diagnosis. Pathological analysis was conclusive. Complete surgical
      extirpation was the treatment of choice; the tumor weighed 600 g. The child
      remains stable 24 months later.

PMID- 3401874
TI  - Parasitosis and mycosis of the central nervous system: 20 years of experience.

PMID- 3401875
TI  - Clinicopathological study of germinal matrix hemorrhage, pontosubicular necrosis,
      and periventricular leukomalacia in stillborn.
AB  - The occurrence of germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH), pontosubicular necrosis
      (PSN), and periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) was evaluated in 58 stillborn,
      among whom 23 (40%) showed one or more lesions. A comparative study of
      neuropathological findings and obstetrical histories in stillborn beyond 26 weeks
      of gestation showed a greater frequency of damage when the pregnancies had been
      complicated. The pathogenesis of PSN is disputed. As PSN was found in stillborn
      (13 cases), hyperoxia is not an essential pathogenetic factor. PSN may represent
      a form of anoxic encephalopathy. However, PSN was found as an isolated lesion in
      an infant of a diabetic mother and in most cases of intrauterine growth
      retardation; hypoglycemia may therefore be involved in the pathogenesis.
      Ultrasound examinations of living neonates have indicated the prenatal occurrence
      of GMH in some cases, and our study opens the possibility that there is
      intrauterine involvement of PVL and PSN as well. Consequently, cerebral lesions
      diagnosed in newborn may have occurred in utero.

PMID- 3401876
TI  - Arachnoid cysts: a critical review of 41 cases.
AB  - Forty one cases of arachnoid cyst are reviewed that were treated at the Adelaide
      Children's Hospital and the Royal Adelaide Hospital. The pathogenesis of the
      cysts is discussed as well as the method of treatment. Certain aspects of this
      condition are still unsolved.

PMID- 3401878
TI  - Synthesis of methyl 6''-deoxy-6'-fluoro-alpha-isomaltoside and of the
      corresponding trisaccharide.
AB  - Methyl 6-O-(6-O-acetyl-2,3,4-tri-O-benzyl-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)-2,3,4-tri- O
      benzyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside (5) was formed with high stereoselectivity when
      the condensation of methyl 2,3,4-tri-O-benzyl-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl (1) with 6-O
      acetyl-2,3,4-tri-O-benzyl-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl chloride in ether was promoted
      with silver perchlorate in the presence of 2,4,6-trimethylpyridine. O
      Deacetylation of 5, followed by treatment of the formed 6, containing only HO-6'
      unsubstituted, with diethylaminosulfur trifluoride (DAST) or dimethylaminosulfur
      trifluoride (methyl DAST) gave the per-O-benzyl derivative (9) of methyl 6'-deoxy
      6'-fluoro-alpha-isomaltoside. Compound 9 was also obtained by condensation of 1
      with 2,3,4-tri-O-benzyl-6-deoxy-6-fluoro-beta-D-glucopyranosyl fluoride (4) in
      the presence of silver perchlorate and anhydrous stannous chloride. The fully
      benzylated methyl alpha-glycoside (15) of 6-deoxy-6-fluoro-isomaltotriose, was
      obtained by condensation of 6 with 4. Hydrogenolysis of 9 and 15 gave the methyl
      alpha-glycosides of isomaltose and isomaltotriose fluorinated at C-6 of their
      (nonreducing) D-glucosyl group. Fluoride-ion displacements involving DAST and
      methyl DAST gave practically identical results, but mixtures arising from
      reactions involving the latter reagent were lighter-colored and easier to resolve
      by chromatography. The isolation of methyl alpha-glycosides of 6'-deoxy-6'
      fluorogentiobiose and of 6'-O-(6-deoxy-6-fluoro-beta-D-glucopyranosyl) isomaltose
      is also described.

PMID- 3401877
TI  - Craniopharyngioma surgery in children: endocrine and visual outcome.
AB  - Twenty-two children with craniopharyngioma were operated on in our Department of
      Neurosurgery from 1970 to 1981. Removal was total in 11 patients. There was one
      surgical death, but no recurrences in this group. Only partial removal could be
      performed in 10 children, followed by stereotactic radiotherapy in one.
      Recurrences have occurred in 4 of these children and 2 of them have died. In 1
      child a biopsy was performed, followed by insertion of a shunt and stereotactic
      radiotherapy. Nine years after treatment there have still been no recurrences.
      Visual acuity was unchanged after the procedure in 17/21 survivors, improved in
      1, and deteriorated in 3. The visual fields remained unchanged in 11, improved in
      3, and deteriorated in 7. The visual fields and visual acuity were normal
      postoperatively in 5 patients. Hypopituitarism was more extensive after the
      procedure. We recommended an attempt at total removal whenever possible.

PMID- 3401879
TI  - Synthesis of the tetrasaccharide core region of antigenic lipo-oligosaccharides
      characteristic of Mycobacterium kansasii.
AB  - The oligosaccharide core region, beta-D-Glcp-(1----3)-beta-D-Glcp-(1----4)-alpha
      D-Glcp- 1----1)-alpha-D-Glcp (1), of the lipo-oligosaccharide-type antigens
      isolated from M. kansasii has been synthesised from 2,3,2',3',4',6'-hexa-O-benzyl
      6-O-(1-phenylethyl)-alpha, alpha-trehalose (4). Compound 4 was obtained by LiAlH4
      AlCl3-type hydrogenolysis of 2,3,2',3',4',6'-hexa-O-benzyl-4,6-O-(S)-(1
      phenylethylidene)-alpha , alpha-trehalose. The beta-laminaribiosyl part of the
      molecule was built-up by sequential glycosylation steps using 2,4,6-tri-O-acetyl
      3-O-allyl-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl bromide in the presence of HgBr2 and methyl
      2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-1-thio-beta-D-glucopyranoside promoted by methyl triflate.
      The complete a priori 13C-n.m.r. spectrum assignment of 1 was achieved by
      applying 2D methods.

PMID- 3401880
TI  - [Synthesis of O-(5-acetamido-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-alpha-D-galacto-2- nonulo
      pyranosyluronic)-(2----3)-O-beta-D-galactopyrano sylp61 ----3)-2-acetamido-2
      deoxy-D-galactopyranose].

PMID- 3401881
TI  - 2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-D-gluco- and -D-manno-furanose: a simple preparation of 2
      acetamido-2-deoxy-D-mannose.

PMID- 3401882
TI  - A core oligosaccharide component from the lipopolysaccharide of Rhizobium
      trifolii ANU843.
AB  - The major oligosaccharide from the core region of the lipopolysaccharide from R.
      trifolii ANU843 was isolated and its structure determined. It is a trisaccharide
      consisting of two galacturonic acid residues and one 3-deoxy-D-manno-2
      octulosonic acid (KDO) residue. The two galacturonic acid residues are terminally
      linked alpha to the C-4 and C-7 atoms of KDO. This structure was determined
      through use of 1H- and 13C-n.m.r. spectroscopy, f.a.b.-m.s., and g.l.c.-m.s.
      techniques. This oligosaccharide had not previously been reported to be present
      in the lipopolysaccharides from Gram-negative bacteria.

PMID- 3401883
TI  - Structure of a glycan from the surface-layer glycoprotein of Clostridium
      thermohydrosulfuricum strain L111-69.

PMID- 3401884
TI  - 4-Amino-3-(2,3,5-tri-O-benzyl-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-5-pyrazole-carb oni trile.
      Synthesis and conversion into a sugar-blocked 5,7-disubstituted formycin analog.
AB  - The title compound, a potential intermediate to protected C-nucleoside analogs
      related to formycin A, was synthesized via a new route wherein 2,3,5-tri-O-benzyl
      1-O-p-nitrophenyl)-D-ribofuranose was converted to 2,5-anhydro-3,4,6-tri-O-benzyl
      D-allonic acid, and further transformed into 4-(tert-butyloxycarbonyl)-5
      ethoxycarbonyl-3-(2,3,5-tri-O-benzyl-beta-D- ribofuranosyl)pyrazole. After
      amidation and dehydration to form the 4-(tert-butyloxycarbonyl)-5
      pyrazolecarbonitrile, acidolysis followed by a Curtius-type sequence afforded the
      4-amino-5-pyrazole-carbonitrile nucleoside. Treatment of the latter with nitrous
      acid and copper chloride in a Sandmeyer-type reaction gave a diazonitrile rather
      than a chloronitrile. Attempts to convert either the aminonitrile or the
      diazonitrile to 5,7-diamino-3-(2,3,5-tri-O-benzyl-beta-D
      ribofuranosyl)pyrazolo[4,3-d] pyrimidine (5-aminoformycin A) by condensation with
      guanidine or N,N-dimethylguanidine were unsuccessful. Condensation of the
      aminonitrile with carbon disulfide in pyridine provided access to the formycin
      system in the form of 3-(2,3,5-tri-O-benzyl-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)pyrazolo[4,3
      d]pyrimidine-5,7 - dithione.

PMID- 3401886
TI  - [Therapy of arrhythmia by ablation technics with catheters and with surgical
      technics].

PMID- 3401885
TI  - Analogs of cell surface carbohydrates. Synthesis of D-galactose derivatives
      having an ethynyl, vinyl or epoxy residue at C-5.
AB  - Compounds derived from D-galactose having an ethynyl, vinyl, or epoxide residue
      at C-5, as well as 7,7-dibromo olefinic, isomeric 7,7-gem-bromofluoro olefinic,
      and 6,6-gem-difluoro derivatives were obtained from 1,2:3,4-di-O-iso-propylidene
      alpha-D-galacto-hexodialdo-1,5- pyranose.

PMID- 3401887
TI  - [Epidemiologic survey of arterial hypertension in adolescence: identification,
      frequency and prevention].

PMID- 3401888
TI  - [Cellular mechanisms of the accumulation of porphyrins in arteriosclerotic
      plaques: the role of vascular smooth muscle cells].

PMID- 3401889
TI  - [Setting-up a system of surveillance of coronary events in an area north of Milan
      (Brianza Area): verification of 1 year's activity. The MONICA-WHO Research Group
      Project, Brianza Area].

PMID- 3401890
TI  - [Systolic afterload-shortening relation: dependence of preload and influence of
      inotropism].

PMID- 3401891
TI  - [Baroceptive reflex sensibility in non-anesthetized animals. Evaluation and
      comparison of 2 methods applicable to humans].

PMID- 3401892
TI  - [Hemodynamic effects of isosorbide-5-mononitrate in ischemic cardiopathy].

PMID- 3401893
TI  - [Evaluation using Tc-99m angioscintigraphy of the hemodynamic changes induced by
      orally administered propafenone in recent acute myocardial infarct].

PMID- 3401894
TI  - [Changes in plasma levels of free carnitine and its acyl derivatives in patients
      subjected to extracorporeal circulation].

PMID- 3401896
TI  - [Evaluation using Doppler echocardiography of the function of monodisk aortic
      prostheses].

PMID- 3401895
TI  - [Diagnostic role of the V4R lead in acute lower infarct caused by proximal
      occlusion of the right coronary artery].

PMID- 3401897
TI  - Echocardiographic contribution to clinical diagnosis of variant angina: a case
      report.

PMID- 3401898
TI  - [Sudden death during Holter monitoring: heart rupture in a patient with a
      pacemaker].

PMID- 3401899
TI  - Effects of trypsin on secretion stimulated by micromolar Ca2+ and phorbol ester
      in digitonin-permeabilized adrenal chromaffin cells.
AB  - 1. Catecholamine secretion from digitonin-treated chromaffin cells is stimulated
      directly by micromolar Ca2+ in the medium. The permeabilized cells are leaky to
      proteins. 2. In this study trypsin (30-50 micrograms/ml) added to cells after
      digitonin treatment completely inhibited subsequent Ca2+-dependent catecholamine
      secretion. The same concentrations of trypsin did not inhibit secretion from
      permeabilized cells if trypsin was present only prior to cell permeabilization.
      3. The data indicate that trypsin entered digitonin-treated chromaffin cells
      which were capable of undergoing secretion and that an intracellular, trypsin
      sensitive protein is involved in secretion. Chymotrypsin was less potent but had
      effects similar to those of trypsin. 4. The enhancement of Ca2+-dependent
      secretion from permeabilized chromaffin cells induced by the phorbol ester 12-O
      tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) was inhibited by trypsin added
      simultaneously with Ca2+ to permeabilized cells at concentrations (3-10
      micrograms/ml) which had little or no effect on Ca2+-dependent secretion from
      cells untreated with TPA. Ca2+-dependent secretion in TPA-treated cells was
      reduced by trypsin only to the level that would have occurred in cells not
      treated with TPA. Trypsin reduced the large TPA-induced increment of membrane
      bound protein kinase C.

PMID- 3401900
TI  - Radioimmunochemical methods for the quantitative autoradiographic determination
      of antigens in brain and other tissues.
AB  - 1. We have used horseradish peroxidase-conjugated protein A- and 125I-protein A
      to develop immunohistochemical and radioimmunohistochemical methods for the
      localization of antigens in brain and other tissues of the rat. 2. We visualized
      methionine-enkephalin fibers in the rat brain by incubating tissue sections with
      a specific polyclonal antibody and peroxidase-conjugated protein A. The method is
      simple, fast, and less expensive and more sensitive than classical
      immunohistochemical techniques and the principle could be used to visualize many
      other tissue antigens. 3. Incubation of tissue samples with specific polyclonal
      antibodies and 125I-protein A, followed by autoradiography, allows the permanent
      recording of the radioimmunohistochemical localization of brain methionine
      enkephalin, tyrosine hydroxylase, and angiotensin-converting enzyme and of
      pituitary vasopressin and could be applied to the localization of many other
      tissue antigens. 4. A new quantitative radioimmunohistochemical technique for
      methionine-enkephalin allows the determination of the endogenous peptide content
      in discrete brain nuclei from 16-microns-thick sections. The method is based on
      the quantitative determination of the amount of 125I-protein A bound to specific
      tissue areas after incubation with a specific polyclonal antibody, followed by
      autoradiography and computerized microdensitometry. To quantify the endogenous
      peptide content, the values obtained are interpolated into a methionine
      enkephalin internal standard curve. This standard curve was constructed by
      measuring endogenous concentrations of methionine-enkephalin by radioimmunoassay
      in specific brain regions and correlating these values with quantitative
      autoradiographic determinations in homologous areas of adjacent sections. Similar
      methods can be developed for other tissue antigens. 5. These new methods allow
      for the localization and quantification of tissue antigens in very discrete areas
      of the brain and other tissues and have a wide application in neurobiology and
      pathology.

PMID- 3401902
TI  - [The needs of a child].

PMID- 3401901
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies to human brain acetylcholinesterase: properties and
      applications.
AB  - 1. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was purified 20,000-fold in a 43% yield from 90 g
      of human cerebellum by combined immunoaffinity and ligand affinity
      chromatography. The purified enzyme migrated as a 68,000-dalton band during
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under denaturing and reducing conditions. 2.
      Balb/c mice were immunized with multiple 10-micrograms injections of this
      material in order to raise monoclonal antibodies to human brain AChE. Three such
      antibodies were obtained and characterized. 3. Each antibody cross-reacted
      distinctively with AChEs from other mammals. No antibody recognized human plasma
      butyrylcholinesterase but all reacted with AChE from human red blood cells. 4.
      Antibodies HR5 and HR3 performed well in two-site immunoassays for AChE. With
      these assays we compared autopsy samples of cortical region A9 from six controls
      (nonneurological cases) and five patients with Alzheimer's disease. The latter
      showed a highly significant 60% deficit of AChE protein. 5. The present
      antibodies will permit additional immunochemical studies of cholinergic systems
      in dementia.

PMID- 3401903
TI  - [Thoughts on clinical pharmacology].

PMID- 3401904
TI  - [Offspring of mothers with hyperphenylalaninemia treated with a low phenylalanine
      diet before conception and during pregnancy].

PMID- 3401907
TI  - [Objective evaluation of so-called therapeutic energy].

PMID- 3401905
TI  - [Kidney diseases in childhood requiring a follow-up in adulthood].

PMID- 3401906
TI  - [Successful solution of a paternity dispute by examining the HLA antigens in the
      parents and sister of the deceased mother of the child].

PMID- 3401908
TI  - [Pleural effusions of malignant origin].

PMID- 3401910
TI  - [Chronic lymphatic leukemia and duplicate tumors].

PMID- 3401909
TI  - [Pleural effusion in patients with breast cancer].

PMID- 3401911
TI  - [Pyridoxine-responsive congenital sideroblastic anemia].

PMID- 3401912
TI  - Retropharyngeal tendinitis: three probable cases with an unusually low epicentre.
AB  - Retropharyngeal tendinitis is a rare but underdiagnosed disorder. The clinical
      picture is characterized by increasingly severe pain in the upper neck occurring
      within 1 or 2 days and with pain aggravated by swallowing and head movements.
      Acute-phase roentgenograms show substantial soft-tissue swelling anterior to the
      vertebral bodies, C1 to C4, often accompanied by amorphous calciferous deposition
      below the anterior tubercle of the atlas. The course is benign, the patient being
      asymptomatic after 1 or 2 weeks. I briefly describe three cases which were
      characterized by severe pain in the mid-cervical spine and radiologic findings of
      soft-tissue swelling anterior to the vertebral bodies, C2-C6. These cases were
      probably due to acute tendinitis of the longus colli muscle, although located at
      a lower level than in previously reported cases of retropharyngeal tendinitis.

PMID- 3401913
TI  - Cluster headache-like headache, Hageman trait deficiency, retrobulbar neuritis,
      and giant aneurysm. Autonomic function studies.
AB  - A 56-year-old, previously reported woman with cluster headache-like headache with
      bouts of unilateral (the side of predominance changing through the years) severe
      headache had a familial history (three generations) of partial Hageman factor
      deficiency and bleeding episodes. A giant aneurysm was found to be lodged in the
      anterior communicating artery on the left side. Clinically, the features were
      atypical for cluster headache: onset at a young age (14 years), episodes of
      retrobulbar neuritis appearing at the side of pain, etc. Studies of forehead
      sweating indicated that the right side was the pathologic one, from an autonomic
      point of view, as did pupillometric studies. However, during attacks, which were
      left-sided at the time, forehead sweating was marked laterally on the left side
      and on the upper eyelid, but not on the right. The "signal" usually reaching the
      autonomically stigmatized side during attacks of cluster headache, therefore, did
      not seem to reach the sweat glands on that (the right) side during the attack in
      the present case. This headache may, therefore, be distinct from cluster
      headache, both from a clinical and from an autonomic function point of view.

PMID- 3401914
TI  - "Mild" cluster headache(?).
AB  - Three cases of what could be considered "mild" cluster headache have been
      described. All three patients were generally able to carry out their work during
      attacks; all three were men and had unilateral headache with the predominant pain
      in the ocular region. Relatively few symptoms and signs indicated autonomic
      system involvement, but at least tearing was invariably present on the
      symptomatic side. The bouts were generally short-lasting in two of the patients
      (and partly in the third one), fitting the pattern of "mini-bouts". Thus, in one
      of the cases four of the five major criteria (male sex, excruciating severity,
      cluster phenomenon, autonomic involvement, and unilaterality) were present. In
      the two other patients the full-blown cluster phenomenon was lacking. Such cases
      may represent the left-side slope of a "Gaussian severity distribution scale"
      with regard to cluster headache.

PMID- 3401916
TI  - Some remarks on the terminology of cluster headache.

PMID- 3401915
TI  - Cluster headache: further observations on the dissociation of pain and autonomic
      findings.
AB  - A 51-year-old male cluster headache patient had during five bouts in the course
      of 11 years always had the headache attacks on the left side. Autonomic
      abnormalities were, however, present on the right side. Pupillometrically, there
      was thus a Horner-like syndrome on the right (non-symptomatic) side, with miosis
      and a relatively more marked dilatation of that eye subsequent to topical
      application of a directly working sympathomimetic agent (phenylephrine) than
      after an indirectly working one (hydroxyamphetamine), whereas this was not the
      case on the symptomatic side. The findings on evaporimetry were not as clear-cut
      as the pupillometric findings; however, even facial sweating was consistent with
      a pathologic condition on the right (non-symptomatic) side. A primary dichotomy
      of pain and autonomic signs (that is, not due to change of side of pain
      localization) thus seems to be present in this case.

PMID- 3401918
TI  - Neuropsychologic symptoms in the migraine syndrome.
AB  - Twenty patients with complex neuropsychologic symptoms associated with classic
      migraine were selected from a group of 200 patients with vascular headache.
      Twenty types of symptoms were found and grouped into six categories (language,
      visual symptoms, cognitive-dysmnesic symptoms, olfactory-gustatory
      hallucinations, automatisms, and somatosensory symptoms). Some of the symptoms
      found have apparently not been reported previously. The importance of the
      analysis of this complex neuropsychologic set of symptoms and of the possible
      consequences of complicated, frequent vascular headache is emphasized.

PMID- 3401917
TI  - The cluster phenomenon: an unspecific feature?

PMID- 3401919
TI  - Hepatic cytochrome P450-mediated oxidation function in migraine.
AB  - Hepatic cytochrome P450-dependent oxidation is deficient in 5% to 10% of the
      Caucasian population. A similar percentage seems to suffer from migraine. The
      hypothesis was tested that an oxidation deficiency possibly relevant to potential
      dietary triggers plays a role in the pathogenesis of migraine. In 37 migraine
      sufferers and 26 controls age- and sex-matched to 26 of these patients,
      debrisoquine hydroxylation following an oral dose of 10 mg was employed as a
      marker of oxidation status, determined by calculating the metabolic ratio (MR):
      urinary debrisoquine/urinary 4-hydroxydebrisoquine. MR was similarly distributed
      in migraineurs and controls. Three subjects in each group were poor metabolizers
      (MR greater than 30, versus normal range, 0.1-12). MR in patients did not depend
      on type of migraine (common versus classic), attack frequency, the presence of
      trigger factors, smoking or a history of adverse reactions or sensitivity to
      medicines.

PMID- 3401920
TI  - Cluster headache-like headaches: a symptomatic feature? A report of three
      patients with intracranial pathologic findings.
AB  - This report concerns three patients with cluster headache-like headaches
      associated with intracranial pathologic findings. The question whether the
      occurrence of cluster headache-like headaches may be a symptomatic feature is
      still not solved. In two of the three presented cases the cluster headache-like
      headaches disappeared when the intracranial abnormalities were treated.

PMID- 3401921
TI  - Neurogenically mediated plasma extravasation in dura mater: effect of ergot
      alkaloids. A possible mechanism of action in vascular headache.
AB  - C-fiber-dependent neurogenic plasma extravasation developed in the dura mater but
      not the brain after electric stimulation of the rat trigeminal ganglion or after
      chemical stimulation of perivascular axons with intravenous capsaicin, a drug
      that depolarizes sensory nerve fibers. C-fiber-independent extravasation also
      developed in this tissue after intravenous injections of substance P or
      neurokinin A (two constituents of unmyelinated C fibers) and after serotonin,
      bradykinin, or allergic challenge in presensitized animals. Intravenous
      dihydroergotamine or ergotamine tartrate, in doses similar to those used to treat
      migraine and cluster headache, prevented the stimulation-induced leakage of
      plasma proteins within the dura mater. Not unexpectedly, the acute administration
      of methysergide, a drug effective in the prophylactic treatment of headache, was
      inactive in this acute model. Neither acute nor chronic administration of
      propranolol affected stimulation-induced leakage of plasma protein. These results
      demonstrate that neurogenic inflammation develops within the dura mater in the
      rat and that ergot alkaloids prevent the process by a C-fiber-dependent
      mechanism.

PMID- 3401922
TI  - Cervicogenic headache. Pupillometric findings.
AB  - Eleven female patients with cervicogenic headache (mean age, 43 years; range, 25
      59 years) have been examined with the pupillometer. The pupillary diameter was
      examined in the basal state (that is, the status before pharmacologic
      stimulation) and after topically administered tyramine (2%), phenylephrine (1%),
      and hydroxyamphetamine (1%). A total of 51 tests were performed, 35 in the
      asymptomatic period and 16 during pain attacks. In a control group consisting of
      26 age-matched women a total of 39 tests were carried out. Before pharmacologic
      stimulation (that is, in the "basal state") the pupils were smaller in the
      asymptomatic (pain-free) period than during pain attacks in the patients and also
      as compared with that of control individuals. The anisocoria (the difference in
      pupillary size in the same individual) observed was not significantly different
      between the patient group and control individuals either in the basal state
      (before pharmacologic stimulation) or after pharmacologic stimulation. The
      mydriasis resulting from the instillation of the three sympathicomimetic drugs
      was symmetrical in both controls and patients both during and between the pain
      attacks. This finding is in clear contrast to what is found in cluster headache,
      in which there is a "Horner-like" syndrome on the symptomatic side. These two
      headaches thus seem to differ essentially with regard to this variable.

PMID- 3401923
TI  - More fingers in hand.

PMID- 3401924
TI  - Remodeling of the involucrin gene during primate evolution.
AB  - The protein involucrin is a product of terminal differentiation in the epidermal
      cell and related cell types. By comparing the nucleotide sequence of the
      involucrin gene of the lemur with that of the human, it is clear that the gene
      has undergone unusual evolution in the primates. The coding region of the gene
      contains an ancestral segment, most of which is common to the lemur and the
      human, and a species-specific segment of repeats derived from the ancestral
      segment. Instead of the modern segment of repeats found in the human gene, the
      lemur gene possesses repeats derived from another sequence at a different
      location in the ancestral segment. The two kinds of segments of repeats probably
      represent alternative ways of creating a repeat structure in the involucrin
      molecule. The modern segment of repeats must have been created after divergence
      of the higher primates from the prosimians.

PMID- 3401925
TI  - Retroviral DNA integration: structure of an integration intermediate.
AB  - The structure of a presumptive DNA intermediate in the integration of retroviral
      DNA was studied in a cell-free reaction with exogenously added target DNA. The
      product made by viral core particles of Moloney murine leukemia virus (Mo-MLV)
      containing linear viral DNA has a structure consistent with an integration
      mechanism similar to that observed during bacteriophage Mu transposition. In this
      intermediate, the 3' ends of the LTR sequences are joined to the target DNA,
      while the 5' ends of the viral DNA remain unjoined. The 5' ends of the LTR
      sequences in the intermediate are exactly the same as those found in the
      unintegrated linear double-stranded viral DNA. This result demonstrates that the
      linear form of Mo-MLV DNA can integrate directly without prior circularization.

PMID- 3401926
TI  - The C. elegans trans-spliced leader RNA is bound to Sm and has a
      trimethylguanosine cap.
AB  - mRNA splicing in C. elegans is unusual: most introns are very short
      (approximately 50 bases), and many mRNAs receive a leader by trans-splicing. The
      donor in trans-splicing is a 94 nucleotide molecule, termed the leader RNA, that
      contributes its 5' 22 nucleotides to a variety of mRNAs. We show here that C.
      elegans has the usual snRNAs, which presumably catalyze the splicing reactions.
      As expected, they are bound to the Sm antigen and have 2,2,7-methylguanosine
      caps. Remarkably, the trans-spliced leader RNA is also Sm-associated and has this
      special cap. Hence, a molecule discovered as a substate of splicing has
      properties of molecules heretofore known only to facilitate splicing of other
      RNAs. Mature mRNAs that have received the leader evidently lack 2,2,7
      methylguanosine caps, suggesting that these caps are removed or altered during
      processing.

PMID- 3401927
TI  - Normal human peritoneal macrophages are unable to cap and internalize class II
      antigens.
AB  - Normal human peritoneal macrophages show a restricted capacity to differentiate
      into inflammatory macrophages in vivo. We now report that these cells are unable
      to cap and internalize HLA-DR, as compared to endometriosis, and other
      macrophages. Immunoelectron microscopy indicated that lack of modulation was not
      due to the presence of preclustered antigenic sites. Northern blot analysis
      demonstrated transcripts for HLA.DR, c-fms, and c-fos, indicating that the
      surface defects were not likely to be associated with a general depression of
      transcriptional activity. There was no correlation between the mobility of class
      II molecules and the ability to present antigen as determined by autologous
      lymphocyte responses to tetanus toxoid. The inability of normal peritoneal
      macrophages to modulate class II antigens may represent a normal and more general
      environmental alteration required to permit peritoneal cells a scavenging
      function without developing the deleterious effects leading to a peritoneal
      inflammatory response.

PMID- 3401928
TI  - Murine transfer factor. IV. Studies with genetically regulated immune responses.
AB  - Transfer factor-containing dialysates from mice that were either high or low
      responders to GAT10, GLA5, or ovalbumin were assayed for their ability to
      transfer delayed hypersensitivity to murine recipients of either high or low
      responder phenotype. Dialysates from high responder strains contained transfer
      factor that would transfer delayed hypersensitivity to both high and low
      responder recipients. These transfers were not restricted by disparities at the
      MHC or Igh loci. Identically prepared materials from low responder donors
      contained little or no transfer factor activity and would not transfer delayed
      hypersensitivity to either high or low responder recipients. Thus, administration
      of transfer factor transfers the high responder phenotype to low responder
      recipients. The data also suggest that production of transfer factor is regulated
      by Ir genes but that the immunologic activities of transfer factor are not.

PMID- 3401929
TI  - Tolerance induction by a poorly arthritogenic collagen II can prevent collagen
      induced arthritis.
AB  - Collagen type II (CII)-induced arthritis (CIA) can be induced in 78% of B10.RIII
      mice (H2r) by intradermal (id) immunization with CII of bovine origin in complete
      Freund's adjuvant (CFA), whereas immunization with CII of chick origin induces
      arthritis in less than 5% of these mice. Nevertheless, tolerization of B10.RIII
      mice with intravenously injected chick CII renders the animals resistant to
      induction of CIA by immunization with bovine CII. Such tolerization can be
      achieved either by intravenous injection of 500 micrograms chick CII 1 week prior
      to immunization with bovine CII in CFA or by such an intravenous injection of
      chick CII 2 weeks after immunization with bovine CII in CFA. Postimmunization
      treatment results in a significant decrease in the concentration of antibody to
      bovine CII. Preimmunization administration of chick CII causes a marked decrease
      in the antibody reactive with chick CII without a significant effect on the anti
      bovine CII antibody concentration. In DBA/1 mice, a strain in which both bovine
      CII and chick CII can induce a high incidence of the disease, intravenous
      injection of bovine CII can also prevent arthritis induced by chick CII, even
      when given 7 or 14 days after immunization. The fact that chick CII as tolerogen
      is quite effective in preventing arthritis in B10.RIII mice, while as immunogen
      it is very ineffective in inducing arthritis in this strain, may be interpreted
      as evidence for interaction between different epitopes on CII in the pathogenesis
      of CIA.

PMID- 3401930
TI  - Effect of magnesium on the contractile behavior of actomyosin aggregates isolated
      from Physarum plasmodia.
AB  - The dependence on calcium concentration of the contractile behavior of actomyosin
      isolated from Physarum plasmodia according to Kohama & Kendrick-Jones (1986) was
      investigated under different magnesium conditions. The inhibitory calcium
      sensitivity is reduced at magnesium concentrations above or below 1 mM, i.e.,
      contraction of actomyosin aggregates is most effectively inhibited in the
      presence of 1 mM calcium in combination with physiological magnesium
      concentrations. In the absence of calcium reactivation optimum is obtained at 8.5
      mM Mg2+.

PMID- 3401931
TI  - Autoradiographic evaluation of vitamin A effects on Triturus alpestris blastema
      cells.
AB  - Autoradiographic studies on Triturus alpestris regenerates treated with vitamin A
      palmitate for 4, 7, 11 and 14 days after amputation, reveal a considerable
      diminution in the percentage of cells duplicating DNA, as judged by measurements
      of labelling indices. Based on previous observations, that vitamin A promotes DNA
      synthesis, mitosis and growth of regenerates, we conclude that the lower
      labelling indices calculated are due to an acceleration of S-phase processes,
      resulting in a concomitant reduction in its duration.

PMID- 3401932
TI  - Slow regeneration of immune complex binding sites on the macrophage surface after
      previous digestion with pronase.
AB  - Peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) binding sites on the rat peritoneal macrophage
      surface were damaged by pronase digestion and the reappearance of functionally
      intact receptors was investigated morphologically and spectrophotometrically.
      Pronase digestion decreased the PAP binding ability of macrophages to about 40%
      of the original value. Removing the pronase the regeneration of ligand binding
      was very protracted with only about 60% intact receptors even after 30 min. From
      these findings we conclude that the recycling of internalized Fc receptors
      greatly contribute to the replenishment of receptors on the cell surface.

PMID- 3401933
TI  - Calcium sensitivity of microtubules changes during the cell cycle of Xenopus
      laevis tadpole endothelial cells.
AB  - Endothelial cells derived from Xenopus tadpole hearts (XTH-2: Schlage et al.
      1981) have been permeabilized for calcium using the ionophore A 23187. A Ca2+
      concentration of 1 microM causes a graded disassembly of microtubules (mts): with
      increasing periods of incubation mts disintegrate and then depolymerize
      completely. The frequency of the different stages of depolymerization depends on
      the length of the Ca2+ incubation period, even after 60 min incubation time some
      mts remain. The stage of depolymerization of mts in a cell is correlated with its
      cell cycle phase showing the highest stability during S phase.

PMID- 3401935
TI  - Culture of bovine mammary epithelial cells in D-valine modified medium: selective
      removal of contaminating fibroblasts.
AB  - Bovine mammary epithelial cells were cultured in nutrient medium containing D
      valine substituted for L-valine in an attempt to control fibroblast overgrowth.
      Contamination of epithelial cell cultures with fibroblasts was prevented in
      cultures maintained in D-valine but not in control cultures containing L-valine.
      Microscopic examination of cells cultured in the D-valine medium demonstrated
      similar morphology as controls after 27 days in culture. Concentration of alpha
      lactalbumin in the D-valine medium was similar to levels found in control medium.
      Results suggest D-valine modified medium controls fibroblast overgrowth of cell
      cultures, but doesn't impair epithelial cell morphology or function.

PMID- 3401934
TI  - Evidence for a reduction of the replicative activity of matrix-bound DNA
      polymerase alpha following treatment with phospholipase C.
AB  - Since phospholipids have been suggested to play some role in the molecular
      organisation of the nuclear matrix, the effect of their removal by means of
      phospholipase C has been investigated in regenerating rat liver nuclear matrix.
      The matrix-bound DNA polymerase alpha shows an almost complete loss of activity
      following the digestion with phospholipase C. Since the polymerase activity is
      restored by adding exogenous DNA, we suggest that the effect is due to the
      removal of matrix residual DNA, which is in some way linked to the nuclear matrix
      by means of hydrophobic interactions.

PMID- 3401936
TI  - Extracellular matrix control of collagen production by rat mammary epithelial and
      myoepithelial-like cells in vitro.
AB  - A rat mammary myoepithelial cell line (Rama 401) grown on plastic produces 5
      times more collagen (largely type IV) than a mammary epithelial cell line (Rama
      704) grown on the same surface. When the cells are grown on collagen gels, the
      amount of collagen produced by Rama 704 cells increases 3.3 times, whereas there
      is no increase in collagen production by Rama 401 cells. Increased production of
      collagen by Rama 704 cells is due to both an increased rate of synthesis and a
      decreased rate of degradation. These results indicate that for mammary epithelial
      cells, unlike myoepithelial cells, the rate of production of collagen can be
      regulated by the extracellular matrix.

PMID- 3401937
TI  - The effect of elevated temperature on the aggregation of African green monkey
      kidney cells.
AB  - The aggregation kinetics of African green monkey kidney cells CV1 and of the SV40
      transformed derivative COS1 cells that had been incubated at 37 degrees C or 43.5
      degrees C was studied using the shaking flask system. COS1 cells show a three
      fold decrease in aggregation rate compared to CV1 cells when both cell types were
      incubated and aggregated at 37 degrees C. When these cell types were incubated at
      43.5 degrees C for 5 hours, then aggregated at 37 degrees C showed a faster
      aggregation kinetics than before. Their aggregation at 43.5 degrees C with prior
      incubation at 37 degrees C or 43.5 degrees C reached the aggregation kinetics of
      43.5 degrees C incubated cells aggregated at 37 degrees C. The addition of serum
      in the aggregation medium did not influence extensively the aggregation rates of
      both cell types.

PMID- 3401938
TI  - Effect of pteridines on normal and neoplastic cell lines of Xiphophorus.
AB  - The effect of three pteridines namely biopterin, isoxanthopterin and xanthopterin
      on cell growth, viability and morphology of three embryo and one melanoma derived
      cell lines was studied. Pteridines were assayed in the range of 10(-6) M to 10(
      4) M. Biopterin exerted no influence on all cell lines tested, whereas
      isoxanthopterin and xanthopterin caused a decrease in growth rate with increasing
      concentrations. The strongest decrease of cell growth was exerted by 10(-4) M
      xanthopterin. Furthermore at this concentration xanthopterin reduced the
      viability of normal cells and influenced the morphology of both normal and
      neoplastic cells. In general, normal cells were more sensitive to pteridines than
      neoplastic cells.

PMID- 3401939
TI  - Nuclear envelope reformation and chromosome decondensation are dissociable
      events.
AB  - Cells treated with 2,4-dinitrophenol, a metabolic inhibitor, show a strong
      retardation of anaphase movement. At the ultrastructural level these cells reveal
      nuclear envelope reformation without concurrent decondensation of the chromosomes
      which indicates that these are possibly two dissociable late mitotic events.

PMID- 3401940
TI  - Effect of lipoproteins on the elastase activity expressed by human skin
      fibroblasts in culture.

PMID- 3401941
TI  - Secretogranin II is a Ca2+-binding protein.

PMID- 3401943
TI  - Injuries in the young athlete.

PMID- 3401942
TI  - Membrane potential decreases during erythrocyte aging.

PMID- 3401944
TI  - Psychological considerations in youth sports.
AB  - Childhood participation in sports involves a complex interaction of many
      physical, psychological, and social factors. Some children and teenagers cope
      well with the stress of performance and competition and their participation leads
      to enhanced self-esteem and personal growth; others cope poorly, however, and are
      at a higher risk for injury. Based on clinical observations of patients seen
      through the sports and orthopedic services at a major children's hospital, this
      article has identified two groups of children and adolescents at risk for
      psychological complications following injury. Psychotherapeutic intervention is
      seen as a fundamental component in the overall treatment planning for patients
      manifesting a difficult recovery course, prolonged interference in athletic
      injury, and a tendency toward reinjury.

PMID- 3401945
TI  - Properties of the circular plasmid-like DNA, B4, from mitochondria of cytoplasmic
      male-sterile rice.
AB  - The plasmid-like DNA, B4, consisting of 969 base pairs (bp), was isolated from
      mitochondria of the cytoplasmic male-sterile rice, A-58 CMS. Molecular clones
      containing the complete B4 sequence were constructed and used in Southern
      hybridization to probe mitochondrial and nuclear genomes. No evidence was found
      for the existence of integrated copies of B4 in the main mitochondrial genomes of
      either the male-sterile or fertile rice. Sequences homologous to B4, however,
      were found in the rice nuclear genome. The complete B4 nucleotide sequence was
      determined, and a sequence homologous to B4 was found in the 1.9 kbp plasmid-like
      DNA of maize.

PMID- 3401946
TI  - Double stranded RNA in natural isolates of Neurospora.
AB  - Thirty-six wild type isolates of Neurospora were surveyed for the presence of
      dsRNA. The survey identified seven strains which contain dsRNA molecules. These
      seven strains are all from different geographic locations. The sizes of the
      dsRNAs range from 500 bp to 18 kb and a total of seven distinct dsRNA species was
      identified. Cross homologies of some of the dsRNAs were apparent. There was
      homology between the 9.0 kb dsRNA and genomic DNA prepared from all strains in
      the survey, indicating a possible cellular rather than viral origin for this
      dsRNA species. None of the other dsRNAs hybridized with genomic DNA suggesting a
      viral origin for these dsRNAs.

PMID- 3401947
TI  - [The importance of neurology in pediatric oncology].

PMID- 3401948
TI  - [Visual evoked potentials in patients with multiple sclerosis].

PMID- 3401950
TI  - [3d Czechoslovakian Congress of Junior Neurologists. Kosodrevina, 1-4 April
      1987].

PMID- 3401949
TI  - [Results of EEG computer frequency analysis in healthy persons].

PMID- 3401951
TI  - [Use of the microcomputer in the evaluation of inter-reflex functions].

PMID- 3401952
TI  - [Cerebral atrophy and hydrocephalus in adults. II. Clinical study].

PMID- 3401953
TI  - [Defects of the atrial septum. Review of the angiocardiographic and
      echocardiographic picture].

PMID- 3401954
TI  - [New possibilities in the diagnosis of dilatations in the upper urinary tract].

PMID- 3401955
TI  - [Experience with artificial pulmonary ventilation in neonates 1981-1985].

PMID- 3401956
TI  - [Chyluria].

PMID- 3401957
TI  - [Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in childhood].

PMID- 3401959
TI  - [Contraception for adolescents--information for pediatricians].

PMID- 3401960
TI  - [Riding in automobiles and the effect of passive smoking on children].

PMID- 3401958
TI  - [The physician and the computer. 17. Applications in decision-making].

PMID- 3401961
TI  - [Monitoring motor development in infants in routine pediatric care].

PMID- 3401962
TI  - [Appendicitis in children treated preoperatively with antibiotics].

PMID- 3401963
TI  - [Case report of non-immune fetal hydrops in one twin].

PMID- 3401964
TI  - [Social problems with premature infants].

PMID- 3401965
TI  - [Cholesterol metabolism in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome].

PMID- 3401966
TI  - [Long-term study of neonates at risk and a control group of neonates. Results of
      an examination of these children at 6 years of age].

PMID- 3401967
TI  - [Metabolic studies in 28 families of patients with cystinuria].

PMID- 3401968
TI  - [Smoking and today's youth].

PMID- 3401969
TI  - [Autochthonous clinical manifestations of trichostrongylosis in an 11-year-old
      girl].

PMID- 3401971
TI  - [The physician and the computer. 18. Logic].

PMID- 3401970
TI  - [Is it possible to prevent or reduce intracranial hemorrhage in premature
      children?].

PMID- 3401972
TI  - [Informational value of various radionuclide methods for examination of the
      urinary tract].

PMID- 3401974
TI  - [Motor development].

PMID- 3401973
TI  - [Results of experimental foster care of social orphans as implemented 1967-1973].

PMID- 3401976
TI  - Atypical 24-hour rhythms of serotonin N-acetyltransferase activity in the rat
      pineal gland.
AB  - Previous long-term studies have shown that in the pineal gland of rats melatonin
      synthesis is subject to infradian rhythms with periods between 4 and 7 days.
      Since in these studies melatonin-related parameters were measured at one
      timepoint of a 24-hr cycle only, the aim of the present investigation was to
      extend these experiments by more frequent sampling, to characterize the infradian
      rhythmicity in more detail. Male Sprague-Dawley rats kept under a light schedule
      of LD 12:12 (lights on at 0700) were killed at 6-hr intervals on 8 consecutive
      days. After decapitation the pineal gland was rapidly dissected out, followed by
      measurements of one of the melatonin-forming enzymes, serotonin N
      acetyltransferase (NAT) activity. It was found that pineal NAT activity exhibited
      the well known day/night rhythm, i.e. low activity during daytime and strikingly
      enhanced activity at night, during the first 4 days of the experiment. On the
      fifth night (from Saturday to Sunday) an unusually high NAT peak occurred at 2400
      hr, followed by two atypical 24-hr cycles. In the first cycle the midnight and
      0600 hr values were equal and in the second cycle the 0600 hr value was
      significantly higher than the midnight value. To investigate whether the
      unusually high NAT peak was a single event or not, four additional short-term
      experiments were carried out at 2400 hr on 4 consecutive weekends, from Friday to
      Monday. In each of the four 4-day experiments a distinctly higher peak of NAT
      activity was found on Saturday, but with time the peaks became less
      prominent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3401975
TI  - Nyctohemeral rhythms of gonadal, thyroid and pineal function in the
      hyperprolactinemic male rat.
AB  - In young adult male rats bearing a donor anterior pituitary gland grafted for 3
      weeks under a kidney capsule, serum prolactin (PRL) concentrations were elevated
      and exhibited a rhythm with the highest values in the light phase. Serum PRL in
      control animals did not exhibit a significant rhythm. Eutopic pituitary PRL
      content, manifesting a biphasic (12-hr) rhythm with crests during the day and
      night in controls, exhibited a similar pattern in grafted rats though an overall
      reduction in pituitary PRL content was seen in the grafted animals. Neither the
      normal biphasic serum testosterone rhythm nor the normal 24-hr rhythm (nocturnal
      surge) of pineal N-acetyltransferase activity and melatonin content were altered
      in the hyperprolactinemic rats. Serum thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)
      and their free indices (FT4I, FT3I) and serum thyrotropin (TSH) were highest
      during the day in controls and grafted rats and a 12-hr rhythmic component was
      detected in data for these variables. In the grafted animals, the 12-hr component
      was reflected in an additional peak at night detectable by testing of means. The
      overall serum T4, FT4I, and TSH levels were lower in grafted rats though overall
      T3 and FT3I levels did not differ between grafted and controls. T3 uptake (T3U)
      values were similar between controls and grafted rats, in both cases exhibiting a
      fall during the night. Changes in serum thyronines could not be explained by
      changes in serum binding as assessed by the T3U, and thus may represent changes
      in thyroidal secretion of T4.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3401977
TI  - Seasonal variations in the circadian activity of AChE in the brain stem reticular
      formation of mice under normal and constant light regimens.
AB  - AChE activity in mouse brain stem reticular formation was studied at 4 hr
      intervals for 48 hr at 4 different times of the year under normal (LD 12/12) and
      constant light (LL) regimens. Under both illumination regimens, a significant
      ultradian rhythm of AChE activity was observed. In the investigated seasons of
      the year, changes in AChE behaviour were limited to mean activity of the enzyme
      (median) as well as to the amplitude and acrophase of the rhythm.

PMID- 3401978
TI  - Plasma corticosterone, motor activity and metabolic circadian patterns in
      streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
AB  - Experiments were conducted in male rats to study the effects of streptozotocin
      induced diabetes on circadian rhythms of (a) plasma corticosterone
      concentrations; (b) motor activity; and (c) metabolic patterns. Animals were
      entrained to LD cycles of 12:12 hr and fed ad libitum. A daily rhythm of plasma
      corticosterone concentrations was found in controls animals with peak levels at
      2400 hr and low values during the remaining hours. This rhythm was statistically
      confirmed by the cosinor method and had an amplitude of 3.37 micrograms/100 ml
      and the acrophase at 100 hr. A loss of the normal circadian variation was
      observed in diabetic animals, with a nadir at the onset of light period and high
      values throughout the remaining hours; cosinor analysis of these data showed no
      circadian rhythm, delete and a higher mean level than controls. As expected,
      normal rats presented most of their motor activity during the dark period with
      80% of total daily activity; the cosinor method demonstrated a circadian rhythm
      with an amplitude of 60% of the mean level and the acrophase at 0852 hr. Both
      diabetic and control rats showed a similar activity during the light phase, but
      diabetic animals had less activity than controls during the night and their
      percentage of total daily activity was similar in both phases of the LD cycle
      (50% for each one). With the cosinor method we were able to show the persistence
      of a circadian rhythm in the motor activity of diabetic rats, but with a mesor
      and amplitude lower than in controls (amplitude rested at 60% of the mean level)
      and its acrophase advanced to 0148 hr.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3401980
TI  - Prominent circadian absorption of intranasal salmon calcitonin (SCT) in healthy
      subjects.
AB  - In young healthy subjects salmon calcitonin (SCT), intranasally administered,
      increased in serum as a function of the drug administration time. The serum
      concentration of a 400 IU SCT dose monitored 10 min after dosing was
      statistically more significant when inhaled at 0000 than at other, more
      conventional, administration times (morning or evening). Following dosing at
      certain times during the day, the serum SCT was less or even questionable with
      the dose and under the study conditions selected. Dosing without consideration of
      timing may lead to reduced effect or lack of effect or perhaps ambiguity or
      controversy regarding the possible circumstance of a "non-absorbent subject". The
      circadian frequency appears to be a critical determinant of intranasal SCT
      absorption suggesting administration time to be an important factor in the
      cost/benefit ratio without the unpleasant side effects sometimes experienced
      through parenteral routes.

PMID- 3401979
TI  - Circadian rhythm of blood ethanol clearance rates in rats: response to reversal
      of the L/D regimen and to continuous darkness and continuous illumination.
AB  - Phase relationships of the circadian rhythms of blood ethanol clearance
      (metabolic) rates and body temperature were studied in rats successively exposed
      to 4 illumination regimens: LD (light from 0800-2000 hr), DL (light from 2000
      0800 hr), constant darkness (DD) and, lastly, constant light (LL). After a 4-wk
      standardization to each regimen, body temperatures were taken at 9 X 4-hr
      intervals to establish baseline circadian profiles. One week later, groups (N =
      8) received 1.5 g/kg ethanol (i.p.) at 6 equally spaced timepoints during a 24-hr
      span, when temperatures were again measured. Ethanol clearance rates were
      estimated from decreasing blood ethanol levels sampled every 20 min from 60-200
      min after dosing, and the resultant elimination curves were subjected to cosinor
      analysis. These studies show for the first time that the high amplitude circadian
      rhythm in ethanol metabolism persists under constant conditions of illumination
      (DD and LL), demonstrating that it may well be a truly internal circadian rhythm
      and not a response to exogenous cues of the light/dark cycle. During both LD and
      DL, maximal and minimal ethanol clearance rates fell near the end of the dark and
      light phases, respectively, and followed circadian peak and trough control
      temperatures by approximately 6 hr. A fixed internal phase relationship between
      the core body temperature and the circadian rhythm in ethanol metabolism is
      demonstrated, thus establishing the rhythm in body temperature as a suitable and
      convenient internal marker rhythm for studies of the metabolism of low-to
      moderate ethanol doses. These studies demonstrate that the phase relationships of
      blood ethanol clearance rate and body temperature can be manipulated by the
      illumination regimen selected, an observation of both basic and practical
      importance.

PMID- 3401981
TI  - Circadian manifestations of barbiturate habituation, addiction and withdrawal in
      the rat.
AB  - The thermal acrophase for the circadian oscillation of core temperature in
      Charles River male rats fed ad libitum and entrained by light (12 hr dim light
      and 12 hr bright light) (DL 12:12 hr) occurred near the middle of the dim phase
      on a control diet of 30% protein. Dietary phenobarbital (0.25%) caused an
      increase in amplitude of the oscillation (from 0.7 degrees to 1.2 degrees C) and
      a phase-angle difference (psi-advance) between the zeitgeber and the biological
      oscillation of about 32 degrees, equivalent to an advance in the thermal
      acrophase of 2.1 hr in the steady-state. Food consumption was monitored
      continually and was nearly the same in the two groups; however, animals on the
      control diet ate around the clock, albeit at a greater rate during dim light than
      during the bright light phase, whereas rats on phenobarbital started to eat
      earlier and confined their feeding almost exclusively to early dim phase. This
      pattern of increase in amplitude of the thermal oscillation and of feeding
      closely resembling programmed feeding, persisted in phenobarbital-treated animals
      even in the absence of a dim light-bright light (DL) zeitgeber for eight days.
      Similar behavior was seen in rats entrained by illumination cycles of 17 hr of
      dim light and 7 hr of bright light, but with this reduced phase ratio for the
      zeitgeber, few psi-shifts occurred, and these were smaller than those induced in
      the group receiving 12 hr of dim light and 12 hr of bright light. In each group,
      introduction of the drug into the diet and, even more noticeably, removal of the
      drug from the diet, induced transients of circadian dyschronism that persisted
      for 4-5 days.

PMID- 3401982
TI  - Circadian rhythms and time measurement in locomotor activity of the scorpion
      Leiurus quinquestriatus (Buthidae).
AB  - The circadian rhythms of locomotor activity of the scorpion Leiurus
      quinquestriatus were examined under different light-dark cycles and in free
      running conditions. The circadian rhythm is bimodal in LD 12:12 with alternating
      cycles of temperature (35 degrees-25 degrees C) with high intensity (1300 lux) or
      in LD 12:12 with constant temperature 35 degrees C with 300 lux. In LD 12:12
      (1300 lux), in long or in short light spans with constant temperature, the
      bimodal pattern is slightly changed with the appearance of a third minor peak of
      activity. In free-running conditions, the bimodal rhythm of locomotor activity
      persists in DD with T about 24 hr, but in LL the rhythm becomes unimodal with T
      about 24 hr. Cosinor and power spectrum analysis showed the presence of more than
      one periodic component. It seems that there is a correlation between the range of
      light regimens, temperature, light intensity and the coincidence of these
      components. These components are independently entrained by the environmental
      light cycle. The mechanism of entrainment of components is discussed.

PMID- 3401984
TI  - A change in the period of activity in rats kept under constant dim red light from
      before to after parturition.

PMID- 3401983
TI  - Circadian characteristics of dialyzable and non-dialyzable human urinary
      electrolytes, trace elements and total solids.
AB  - Seven clinically-healthy men ranging in age from 21 to 25 years participated in
      this study. Urine samples were collected at 3 hr intervals over a single 24 hr
      span. Urines were pooled by using 20% of the total volume collected from each
      subject over a 3 hr collection span. The resulting 8 pools were analyzed for pH,
      specific gravity, osmolality, urea N, creatine, uric acid, glucose, phosphorus,
      chlorides, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, silicon, aluminum, zinc and
      total solids. Each of the 8 pools was serially dialyzed at pH 7.35 against
      ammonium-barbituric acid buffer. The non-dialyzable portions were then re
      analyzed for the remaining solids, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium,
      silicon, aluminum and zinc. Aliquots of the non-dialyzable fraction were examined
      by high performance liquid chromatography. Up to twelve discernable fractions
      were observed in each 3 hr urine by monitoring ultraviolet light absorbance at
      280 nm wavelength. Range of change throughout the 24 hr (lowest to highest value)
      for most variables was 100% or more. In the eight 3 hr pooled urine samples,
      statistically-significant circadian variation could be described for volume, pH,
      osmolality, urea nitrogen, creatinine, uric acid, glucose, phosphorus, chlorides,
      for five of eight non-dialyzed (total) components (Na, K, Ca, Si and solids) and
      for five of twelve non-dialyzable solid fractions, as well as for total non
      dialyzable solids. Single cosinor analysis resulted in description of a
      significant circadian rhythm in osmolality, urea nitrogen, creatinine, glucose,
      phosphorus, chlorides, total Na, K, Si and solids; non-dialyzable Si and solids;
      dialyzable Na, K, Si and solids; and for total solids, as well as their fractions
      at 23.4 and 25.9 min. These observations are furnished in order to further
      document the extreme circadian rhythmicity in all aspects of kidney function and
      as reference for future work which uses any of the investigated urinary endpoints
      whose circadian time structure is herein described.

PMID- 3401985
TI  - [Diabetic nephropathy (an analysis of 57 autopsy cases].

PMID- 3401986
TI  - [Relationship between pathology and prognosis in renal cell carcinoma].

PMID- 3401987
TI  - [Ultrastructure change in the glomeruli and its pathogenetic significance in
      rabbits with crush syndrome].

PMID- 3401989
TI  - [Flow cytometry of breast carcinoma].

PMID- 3401988
TI  - [SEM and TEM observations on activated peritoneal macrophages from C57BL/6J
      mice].

PMID- 3401991
TI  - [Clinicopathological analysis of 57 cases of myeloid metaplastic splenomegaly].

PMID- 3401990
TI  - [Histochemistry observation on the activity of deoxyribonucleases (DNase),
      glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G 6P DH) and acidic alpha-naphthol acetate
      esterase (ANAE) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma].

PMID- 3401992
TI  - [Pathomorphology of disseminated intravascular coagulation in autopsy cases].

PMID- 3401993
TI  - [Immunohistochemical study of thyroglobulin in thyroid diseases].

PMID- 3401995
TI  - [Pathological analysis of 503 surgical specimens of thyroid diseases in Kax Area,
      Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region].

PMID- 3401994
TI  - [Dermatopathology of chronic endemic arsenic poisoning].

PMID- 3401996
TI  - [Certain factors relating to the enhancement of the effect of hyperthermia on
      tumors].

PMID- 3401997
TI  - [Pathological features and clinicopathological correlation of IgA nephropathy].

PMID- 3401998
TI  - [Research and discussion on nursing administration].

PMID- 3401999
TI  - [Clinical dynamic observation of critical patients].

PMID- 3402001
TI  - [Care of patients with a perineal orthotopic artificial anus operation after
      radical resection of rectal cancer].

PMID- 3402000
TI  - [Experience with the perineal artificial anus technic after surgery for rectal
      cancer].

PMID- 3402002
TI  - [Care of patients with carbon monoxide poisoning with skin injuries and limb
      compartment syndrome].

PMID- 3402004
TI  - [Care of patients with chronic renal failure under diet therapy].

PMID- 3402003
TI  - [Measurement of blood loss during plastic surgery operations].

PMID- 3402006
TI  - [Lutzomyia (Nyssomyia) bibinae n. sp. Phlebotomus (Diptera- Psychodidae) from
      French Guiana].

PMID- 3402005
TI  - [Care of patients with pericardial effusion under the guide of
      ultrasonocardiographic monitoring].

PMID- 3402007
TI  - [Non-O1 Vibrio in acute diarrhea of the infant].
AB  - The choleriform diarrhoea may be caused by Vibrio cholerae, but also by other
      Vibrionaceae exhibiting the cholera-toxin antigenic determinants. The authors
      report three instances of gastroenteritis in infants, caused by 3 strains of non
      O1 Vibrio and they carry out bacteriological study on these strains and their
      pathogenicity-strength factors.

PMID- 3402009
TI  - Major disasters will not go away!

PMID- 3402008
TI  - [Parasitism of shepherd dogs and public health implications in Iran].

PMID- 3402011
TI  - Comparison of two and ten per cent rectal methohexitone for induction of
      anaesthesia in children.
AB  - Plasma methohexitone concentrations were determined in 30 children, aged one to
      six years, who received 25 mg.kg-1 rectal methohexitone as either a two per cent
      or ten per cent solution for induction of anaesthesia. Venous blood samples were
      obtained 15, 30, 45 and 120 minutes following drug administration. Twenty-six of
      30 children were asleep within fifteen minutes. Mean plasma methohexitone
      concentrations were 5.39, 4.42, 3.40 and 1.54 micrograms.ml-1 at 15, 30, 45 and
      120 minutes following administration of two per cent methohexitone. Use of the
      ten per cent solution resulted in mean plasma methohexitone concentrations of
      3.81, 3.12, 2.31 and 1.07 micrograms.ml-1 at the same time intervals. Plasma
      methohexitone concentrations were significantly higher at 15, 30 and 45 minutes
      following administration of two per cent methohexitone, when compared to the ten
      per cent solution.

PMID- 3402010
TI  - Conscious-sedation analgesia during craniotomy for intractable epilepsy: a review
      of 354 consecutive cases.
AB  - The perioperative records of 354 consecutive patients undergoing craniotomy for
      surgical treatment of intractable epilepsy performed with conscious-sedation
      analgesia were reviewed retrospectively. There was no perioperative morbidity or
      mortality identified which could be attributed to the anaesthetic technique. The
      technique was not suitable for seven patients, in whom general anaesthesia was
      induced. The most frequent intraoperative problems were convulsions (16 per cent)
      and nausea and vomiting (eight per cent). Less frequent problems included
      excessive sedation (three per cent), "tight brain" (1.4 per cent) and local
      anaesthetic toxicity (two per cent). This study confirms that conscious-sedation
      analgesia provides suitable conditions for craniotomies when brain mapping is
      required.

PMID- 3402012
TI  - Local spinal cord glucose utilization in conscious and halothane-anaesthetized
      rats.
AB  - The authors used the 2-[14C]deoxyglucose method to study local spinal and
      cerebral glucose utilization simultaneously during 1.2 per cent halothane
      anaesthesia in adult Sprague-Dawley rats. In conscious animals (n = 5) the rate
      of glucose utilization in lumbar spinal gray matter was about 50 per cent lower
      than that of cerebral cortex. Halothane anaesthesia (n = 6) reduced spinal cord
      and cerebral metabolic rate. Spinal glucose utilization was reduced 12-35 per
      cent, but this was less than the 45-70 per cent decrease halothane produced in 8
      of 16 cerebral structures examined and was independent of the hypotension
      produced. These results indicate that halothane is a spinal metabolic depressant
      but that its effects on this tissue are substantially less than those it has on
      many cerebral structures.

PMID- 3402013
TI  - The effect of preoperative oral droperidol on the incidence of postoperative
      emesis after paediatric strabismus surgery.
AB  - Most children vomit after strabismus surgery. Administration of intravenous
      droperidol to unpremedicated paediatric patients following induction but prior to
      eye manipulation markedly reduces the incidence of postoperative emesis. This
      study tested the hypothesis that even earlier administration of droperidol,
      orally as a component of an oral premedication, would further reduce the
      incidence of postoperative emesis in this group of patients. Sixty-five patients
      were randomized into three premedication groups. One group received the standard
      oral premedication used for all outpatients at our institution (meperidine 1.5
      mg.kg-1, diazepam 0.15 mg.kg-1, atropine 0.02 mg.kg-1). In the other two groups,
      droperidol in a dose of 50 or 75 micrograms.kg-1 was substituted for the
      diazepam. Droperidol-treated groups demonstrated a significantly lower incidence
      of vomiting prior to hospital discharge compared to the groups that received the
      standard oral premedication (standard--73 per cent, 50 micrograms.kg-1 droperidol
      -33 per cent, 75 micrograms.kg-1 droperidol--36 per cent) without prolonging
      hospital stay.

PMID- 3402014
TI  - Drive and timing components of respiration in young children following induction
      of anaesthesia with halothane or ketamine.
AB  - Timing and drive components of respiration were studied in 18 young children
      following induction of anaesthesia with ketamine and were compared with results
      from ten children following induction of anaesthesia with halothane. During one
      minute of quiet breathing, signals from a pneumotachograph attached to the
      anaesthetic mask were analysed for tidal volume (Vt), respiratory frequency (f),
      minute volume (Ve), inspiratory and expiratory times (Ti, Te) and flow pattern.
      Following induction of anaesthesia with ketamine, children breathed more slowly
      and deeply than children receiving halothane, but there was no significant
      difference in Ve or in Vt/Ti, suggesting that respiratory drive was similar in
      the two groups of children. In the children receiving ketamine, Ti was more than
      twice as long, and thus the ratio Ti/Te was significantly increased, in
      comparison with the group receiving halothane. In addition to the prolonged Ti in
      the children induced with ketamine, there was a more rapid increase in volume in
      early inspiration than in late inspiration, which is an apneustic breathing
      pattern. There was a slower decrease in volume in early expiration, with
      occasional early expiratory breath holding lasting up to three seconds, in the
      ketamine-induced children. The unique breathing pattern demonstrated with
      ketamine, consisting of large Vt, increased Ti/Te ratio, apneustic inspiratory
      pattern, and expiratory braking, contributed to an increased mean lung volume
      above functional residual capacity, of 2.40 ml.kg-1 body weight, in comparison to
      1.27 ml.kg-1 in the children receiving halothane.

PMID- 3402016
TI  - Percutaneous transtracheal high frequency jet ventilation as an aid to difficult
      intubation.
AB  - A case is described where prophylactic high frequency jet ventilation through a
      percutaneous transtracheal cannula was performed. This guaranteed adequate
      ventilation of a patient who was known to be difficult to intubate, enabling a
      paralyzing dose of succinylcholine to be given and intubation to be performed
      safely in a well oxygenated patient scheduled for coronary artery bypass
      grafting.

PMID- 3402015
TI  - Epidural fentanyl plus bupivacaine 0.125 per cent for labour: analgesic effects.
AB  - Ninety-five healthy nulliparous women, ASA physical status I-II with an
      uncomplicated pregnancy and single fetus in vertex position were given lumbar
      epidural analgesia. Patients in Group A (n = 35) received bupivacaine 0.125 per
      cent with epinephrine 1:800.000; Groups B (n = 30) and C (n = 30) received the
      same agents as Group A but with the addition to the initial dose of 50 or 100
      micrograms of fentanyl respectively. All patients were evaluated for duration and
      quality of analgesia, duration of labour, method of delivery and total dose of
      bupivacaine used. The addition of either 50 or 100 micrograms of fentanyl
      resulted in longer duration of analgesia (93 +/- 9 min and 106 +/- 8 min
      respectively vs 55 +/- 7) and reduced bupivacaine total doses (64 +/- 0.03 and 55
      +/- 1.5 respectively vs 109.5 +/- 1.3). Only the addition of 100 micrograms of
      fentanyl improved significantly the quality of analgesia (43.3 per cent of
      excellent scores vs 6.6 per cent in Group B and 5.7 per cent in Group A).
      Addition of fentanyl did not affect the duration of labour, the method of
      delivery and the neonatal neurobehaviour scores.

PMID- 3402017
TI  - Asystole during spinal anaesthesia after change from Trendelenburg to horizontal
      position.
AB  - We present a case in which progressive bradycardia and sudden cardiac arrest
      developed in a 26-year-old healthy woman with an ovarian cyst during spinal
      anaesthesia, immediately after the patient was moved from the 15 degree
      Trendelenburg to the supine horizontal position. We postulate that a decrease in
      venous return was the main cause of the cardiac arrest. It should be stressed
      again that close monitoring during spinal anaesthesia is essential when the
      patient is subjected to postural changes.

PMID- 3402018
TI  - Anaesthesia for caesarean section in a parturient with quintuplet gestation,
      pulmonary oedema and thrombocytopaenia.
AB  - The case of a 32-year-old parturient with a quintuplet pregnancy is described.
      The pregnancy had been complicated by premature labour which was treated with
      ritodrine tocolysis. Betamethasone was administered to hasten fetal lung
      maturation. The ritodrine therapy was complicated with fluid overload and
      pulmonary oedema requiring intravenous diuretic treatment. The patient presented
      urgently for Caesarean section, with fluid overload and worsening
      thrombocytopaenia. Life-threatening pulmonary oedema was manifest in the
      immediate preinduction period, following insertion of a pulmonary artery catheter
      and surgery was delayed to improve the mother's condition with intravenous
      diuretic therapy. Induction was carried out with the patient in the sitting
      position, with cricoid pressure maintained to protect the airway as the patient
      was lowered to a wedged, supine position. Intravenous nitroglycerin was used to
      control blood pressure. Low pressure mask-bag ventilation was utilized to
      maintain oxygen saturation and the patient was intubated and ventilated with
      positive end-expiratory pressure. Positive pressure ventilation was continued for
      24 hours postoperatively. The perioperative course is reviewed and followed by a
      discussion of the anaesthetic considerations for multiple gestation pregnancies.

PMID- 3402019
TI  - Anaesthesia for caesarean section in a patient with Jervell, Lange-Nielsen
      syndrome.
AB  - The anaesthetic management of a patient with Jervell, Lange-Nielsen syndrome (a
      form of congenitally prolonged QT interval) requiring emergency Caesarean section
      is presented. An epidural anaesthetic using 3-chloroprocaine produced a safe and
      satisfactory anaesthetic for the procedure in a patient prone to ventricular
      arrhythmias and cardiac arrest. High levels of circulating catecholamines have
      been postulated as one of the causes of the arrhythmias in these patients, making
      it advisable to select drugs and techniques known to minimize catecholamine
      levels. Although communication can be difficult in these profoundly deaf
      patients, it is important in order to reduce the emotional stress. Elective
      Caesarean sections under general anaesthesia have been reported; it appears that
      a well planned regional anaesthetic is equally safe.

PMID- 3402021
TI  - Inappropriate use of the oxygen flush to check an anaesthetic machine.

PMID- 3402020
TI  - Reversal of prolonged postoperative muscle rigidity by dantrolene: a case report.
AB  - The use of dantrolene to reverse severe unexplained postanaesthetic muscle
      rigidity in a previously "healthy" 13-year-old male is described. Anaesthesia was
      induced with thiopentone. After intubation with pancuronium, the patient had an
      entirely uneventful nitrous oxide, oxygen and halothane anaesthetic. Immediately
      following reversal of the relaxant, the patient developed generalized muscle
      tightness and rigidity involving the trunk and extremities. This was prolonged
      and severe enough to interfere with adequate ventilation. The patient also had a
      prolonged recovery from the anaesthetic. After ruling out malignant hyperthermia
      and some other causes of rigidity, a tentative diagnosis of myotonia was made.
      The symptoms responded to IV dantrolene in a total dose of 2.0 mg.kg-1. Further
      testing failed to establish a definite diagnosis. Dantrolene could be a useful
      drug in treating such unexplained muscle rigidity.

PMID- 3402022
TI  - Detecting disconnections within anaesthetic machines.

PMID- 3402023
TI  - General anaesthetic management for laser resection of central airway lesions.

PMID- 3402024
TI  - Fracture of a RAE endotracheal tube connector.

PMID- 3402026
TI  - Suspected tumor embolism as a cause of arterial line dysfunction.

PMID- 3402025
TI  - Femoral nerve block for postoperative analgesia after open knee surgery.

PMID- 3402027
TI  - Epidural test dose in obstetrics.

PMID- 3402028
TI  - Inhibition of carcinoma formation and of vascular invasion in grafts of radiation
      initiated thyroid clonogens by unirradiated thyroid cells.
AB  - Quantitative transplantation techniques have been employed to study radiogenic
      cancer initiation frequency and cell interactions during promotion/progression in
      grafted clonogenic rat thyroid epithelial cells. The graft recipients were
      surgically thyroidectomized and maintained on a diet containing less than 50 ng
      iodine per g. The results confirm that radiogenic initiation is a common cellular
      event; one of approximately 32 surviving 5-Gy-irradiated thyroid clonogens gave
      rise to cancer in grafts initially containing approximately 11 clonogens per
      transplantation site. The data demonstrate that the efficiency of
      promotion/progression is inversely related to grafted irradiated cell number. As
      the number of transplanted surviving irradiated clonogens was increased
      progressively from approximately 11 to approximately 720 clonogens per graft
      site, the carcinoma frequency per grafted clonogen progressively decreased to one
      per approximately 920. Addition of unirradiated thyroid cells to the transplant
      inocula further suppressed promotion/progression of radiation-initiated thyroid
      clonogens. Furthermore, the probability of vascular invasion, a reflection of
      metastatic potential in carcinomas which arose from irradiated grafted thyroid
      clonogens, was reduced by addition of unirradiated thyroid cells to the
      transplant inocula. Assays of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) titers in the
      sera of thyroidectomized rats 44 weeks after transplantation of clonogenic
      thyroid cells indicate that the suppression of neoplastic promotion/progression
      observed with increased numbers of cells per graft site is due at least in part
      to feed-back inhibition of TSH production by thyroid hormone of graft origin.
      Whether local cellular interactions are also involved in this inhibitory process
      is currently under investigation.

PMID- 3402029
TI  - Comparison of mutagenesis induced in single- and double-stranded M13 viral DNA by
      treatment with N-hydroxy-2-aminofluorene.
AB  - The specificity of mutagenesis in single-stranded and its complementary double
      stranded DNA of the bacteriophage M13mp8 induced by N-hydroxy-2-aminofluorene (N
      OH-AF) was analyzed after transfection into its bacterial host Escherichia coli,
      strain JM103. In this forward mutation assay, randomly modified DNA with
      increasing levels of aminofluorene (AF) guanine adducts was transfected into
      competent host JM103 cells with or without prior induction of SOS functions in
      the host cells. These cells were then screened for mutants of the marker enzyme,
      beta-galactosidase, on a selective medium. In this assay, the mutation frequency
      was increased up to 10-fold in host cells with induced SOS functions as compared
      to the control host cells. Transfection of AF-substituted single-stranded DNA
      gave a 2.5-fold higher mutation frequency as compared to the double-stranded form
      at similar levels of AF modification and plaque-forming efficiency. DNA sequence
      analysis of the mutants showed that AF-modified single- and double-stranded DNA
      induced base substitutions (52-55%), large deletions (i.e. greater than 300 bp,
      25-30%) and frameshifts (16-18%). The mutation sites for 73 base substitutions
      and frameshifts examined within a limited DNA sequence of 120 bases (6280-6400)
      were different in single- and double-stranded DNAs. A possible 'hotspot' for base
      substitutions within one of the two GGCG sequences has also been identified in
      single-stranded but not double-stranded DNA.

PMID- 3402030
TI  - Target tissue DNA damage in inbred mouse strains with different susceptibility to
      the colon carcinogen 1,2-dimethylhydrazine.
AB  - We have compared liver, kidney and colon DNA damage, as single strand breaks, in
      mice with different strain-dependent susceptibility to the colon-specific
      carcinogen 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH). The mouse strains studied were: AKR/J,
      DBA2 totally resistant; CD1, C57BL/6N moderately susceptible; SWR/J very
      susceptible to DMH-induced carcinogenesis. DNA breaks were estimated from the
      elution rate constant (K) according to the alkaline elution technique. At 4 h
      after carcinogen administration a substantial and comparable DNA damage was found
      in liver and kidney in all the strains examined. The DNA fragmentation index,
      however, reached a maximum value at 2 h after treatment in the liver of the most
      susceptible strain (SWR/J). About 50% of the liver DNA damage detected in all
      five strains 4 h after DMH administration persisted at 24 h after treatment and
      was totally repaired at 72 h. Kidney DNA damage decreased in 48 h toward the
      range of control values. In colon epithelial cells (the carcinogen target tissue)
      2 and 4 h after DMH administration the amount of DNA single strand breaks was
      correlatable with the strain sensitivity to the carcinogen. In the time interval
      studied (2-72 h after DMH administration) the decrease of colon DNA damage was
      linear in the resistant strains. In contrast, in the more susceptible strain
      (SWR/J), the amount of DNA breaks remained high up to 24 h after treatment and
      returned to background level at 72 h.

PMID- 3402031
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of N-nitrosodimethylamine in swine.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) have been studied in swine.
      They were studied following i.v. administration of 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg, and
      following oral doses of 1.0 and 5.0 mg/kg of NDMA. Following a bolus i.v. dose,
      the concentration of NDMA in blood declined biphasically with a mean distribution
      half-life of 7 min and a mean elimination half-life of 28 min. The areas under
      the blood concentration versus time curves (AUC) were roughly proportional to
      dose indicating that the pharmacokinetics in this dose range were first order.
      The mean systemic clearance from blood was 65.8 ml/min/kg, the steady-state
      volume of distribution was 1.4 l/kg, and the mean residence time was 20 min.
      Following the oral doses, the AUC and peak concentration in blood were not
      proportional to the dose. It is likely that the pharmacokinetics at the lower
      dose were first order, but at the higher dose the pharmacokinetics were no longer
      first order because metabolism was saturated. The bioavailability of the 1.0
      mg/kg dose was 67%. Since the clearance was probably due to metabolism and the
      clearance from blood exceeded hepatic blood flow, the high bioavailability
      suggests that extrahepatic metabolism plays an important role in the systemic
      clearance of NDMA in swine.

PMID- 3402032
TI  - Crosslinking of DNA by dehydroretronecine, a metabolite of pyrrolizidine
      alkaloids.
AB  - Dehydroretronecine (DHR), a major metabolite of the pyrrolizidine alkaloids, has
      been shown to bind and crosslink pBR322 plasmid DNA and M13 viral DNA, as
      monitored by electron microscopy and agarose gel electrophoresis. The
      crosslinking was alkali-stable and varied with time, temperature, pH and reactant
      ratios. Although the binding of DHR to single-stranded M13 DNA was 3-fold higher
      than to double-stranded M13 DNA, only the double-stranded DNA was crosslinked.
      Intra- and inter-molecular crosslinking occurred with both linear and circular
      forms of double-stranded DNA. Electron microscopy showed that incubations with
      low DHR/DNA ratios yielded mostly DNA monomers and dimers while higher ratios
      produced larger aggregations, some of which were equivalent in size to dozens of
      individual DNA molecules. The average number of intermolecular crosslinks per
      molecule estimated by Poisson statistics was essentially the same using data from
      electron microscopy or DHR-binding. DHR generated single strand scissions equally
      well in both single- and double-stranded molecules.

PMID- 3402033
TI  - Processing of 2-aminofluorene and 2-acetylaminofluorene DNA adducts in Chinese
      hamster ovary cells.
AB  - The effects of 2-aminofluorene (AF) DNA damage on cytotoxicity and DNA-mediated
      genetic transformation were investigated in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. N
      Acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene (NA-AAF) treatment of DNA repair-proficient AT3-2
      cells and UVL-10, a UV-hypersensitive mutant cell line derived from AT3-2, showed
      that UVL-10 cells were markedly more sensitive than AT3-2 cells to NA-AAF
      cytotoxicity. Analysis of cellular DNA from NA-AAF-treated cell cultures showed
      that AF was the predominant DNA adduct formed in both cell lines, while formation
      of 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF) DNA adducts was not detected in cellular DNA
      samples of either cell line. Analysis of AF adduct removal showed that kinetics
      and extent of AF removal were similar in both cell lines. The effects of cellular
      processing of AAF DNA adducts in CHO cells were examined by introducing plasmid
      pSV2gpt DNA containing AAF damage into AT3-2 and UVL-10 cell lines by
      transfection. For comparative purposes, AF-containing pSV2gpt was also used in
      parallel experiments. In transfection experiments with AAF-containing pSV2gpt
      DNA, yields of gpt+ transformants declined relative to control frequencies in a
      much more pronounced manner in repair-deficient UVL-10 cells than in repair
      proficient AT3-2 cells. In contrast, transfection with pSV2gpt DNA containing AF
      adducts had no apparent effect on transformation frequencies in either cell line,
      even at very high levels of modification. Results of co-transformation
      experiments in which transfected AAF-containing pSV2gpt DNA molecules were not
      subjected to selection for phenotype showed that in repair-deficient UVL-10
      cells, AAF damage in pSV2gpt apparently interfered with the ultimate association
      of transfected DNA with recipient cell DNA.

PMID- 3402034
TI  - Non-random distribution of dibenzo[a,e]fluoranthene-induced DNA adducts in DNA
      loops in mouse fibroblast nuclei.
AB  - The three-dimensional distribution of nuclear DNA damage induced by
      dibenzo(a,e)fluoranthene (DBF), a potent carcinogen for mouse fibroblasts, has
      been examined. The intact supercoiled nuclear DNA obtained from nucleoids of
      mouse fibroblasts incubated with DBF was fractionated into loop DNA attached to
      the matrix (10%) and bulk loop DNA (90%). Preferential binding of DBF to the DNA
      of the extremities of loops, which are rich in regulatory sequences, was observed
      in all experiments. An increase of the preferential DBF binding was seen when
      fibroblasts were incubated with both DBF and novobiocin or hydroxyurea. The
      excess damage seen in loop DNA attached to the cage may be due to the kinetics of
      diffusion to the interior of the nucleus of hydrophobic DBF metabolites
      accumulated in lipid-rich nuclear membrane.

PMID- 3402035
TI  - Effects of the tumour promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate on junctional
      communication in intact mouse skin: persistence of homologous communication and
      increase of epidermal-dermal coupling.
AB  - 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) has been reported to inhibit
      junctional communication in some cell cultures. In view of the tumour-promoting
      activity of TPA in rodent skin, these results have interesting implications for
      the possible role of junctional communication in tumorigenesis. However, little
      is known about the effect of TPA on junctional communication in intact skin.
      Using the technique of iontophoretic injection of Lucifer Yellow CH, we have now
      studied the patterns of junctional communication in skin treated with TPA. In
      this paper we report results of such experiments showing that junctional
      communication in skin persists 4 h after treatment with TPA. In addition, TPA
      unexpectedly increases communication across the dermal-epidermal boundary. These
      effects of TPA can still be observed 24 h after treatment. In light of these
      results, we discuss the possible role of junctional communication in the control
      of proliferation of normal and pathological tissues.

PMID- 3402036
TI  - Detection of styrene oxide-DNA adducts by 32P-postlabeling.
AB  - In vitro reaction of DNA with styrene-7,8-oxide (styrene oxide) produced five
      adducts, as determined by 32P-postlabeling. When styrene oxide was reacted in
      vitro with deoxyribonucleotides, five adducts were observed from 2'
      deoxyguanosine-3'-monophosphate, two from 2'-deoxyadenosine-3'-monophosphate,
      none from 2'-deoxythymidine-3-monophosphate or 2'-deoxycytidine-3'-monophosphate.
      Chromatographic comparison of the adducts formed in DNA with those formed with
      the deoxyribonucleotides suggests that deoxyguanosine is the primary site of DNA
      modification. Treatment of 9L cells with 1 mM styrene oxide resulted in the
      formation of several DNA adducts as detected by the postlabeling procedure. Our
      results indicate that 32P-postlabeling can be used to investigate DNA adducts
      formed by styrene oxide.

PMID- 3402037
TI  - Enzymatic activities of human lung tissue: relationship with smoking habits.
AB  - Twenty-two S12 preparations of surgical lung specimens obtained from smoker and
      non-smoker cancer patients were assayed to detect aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase
      (AHH), dimethylnitrosamine demethylase (DMND), and glutathione-S-transferase
      (GST) activities, in both normal and neoplastic lung tissue from the same
      patients. Pulmonary fractions were also tested for their ability to activate some
      precarcinogens into mutagenic metabolites in the Ames test. Statistically
      significant differences were found for AHH and DMND activities between normal and
      neoplastic tissue of smoker patients. In addition, higher AHH activity in the
      neoplastic tissue of the smoker group was observed compared with that found in
      the non-smoker group. No differences were found for GST activity. All the lung
      S12 preparations were able to metabolize water-soluble bases and water-insoluble
      bases, derived from main-stream cigarette smoke condensate, into mutagenic agents
      in the Salmonella test system. However, S12 preparations from smoker group
      neoplastic tissues were more effective.

PMID- 3402038
TI  - The role of testosterone in the nasal cavity tumors induced by N-nitrosobis(2
      oxopropyl)amine in rats.
AB  - In a previous study in rats we have shown that castration prior to weekly
      administration of N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine (BOP) prevents induction of
      nasal and paranasal cavity (NPNC) tumors, indicating androgen dependency of these
      neoplasms. To investigate the possible inhibitory effect of testosterone
      withdrawal on the growth of NPNC tumors, in the present study rats were castrated
      following weekly treatment with BOP for 10, 20 or 30 weeks. This treatment did
      not alter the incidence, type, location, latency or multiplicity of NPNC tumors.
      However, simultaneous treatment of castrated rats with BOP and testosterone (T)
      yielded NPNC tumors in an incidence and patterns comparable to that seen in BOP
      treated intact and BOP-plus-T-treated intact rats. Serological examination
      revealed abnormally high levels of T and 17-beta estradiol (E) in rats, which
      were killed immediately after 10, 20 or 30 weekly BOP administrations. The
      overall results suggest that the initiation but not the promotional stage of NPNC
      carcinogenesis is governed by androgens.

PMID- 3402039
TI  - Modulation of N-nitrosobis(2-hydroxypropyl)amine-induced carcinogenesis by
      clofibrate in hamsters.
AB  - The effects of clofibrate treatment on N-nitrosobis(2-hydroxypropyl)amine (BHP)
      induced liver, gall bladder, pancreas, lung and kidney carcinogenesis in hamsters
      were studied. Animals were given BHP as an initiator at a dose of 500 mg/kg body
      weight subcutaneously once a week for 5 weeks followed by diet containing 0.25 or
      0.5% clofibrate for 30 weeks. Both doses of clofibrate promoted
      hepatocarcinogenesis as judged from the associated multiplicity of liver lesions
      including hyperplastic nodules and hepatocellular carcinomas. gamma
      Glutamyltranspeptidase (gamma-GTP) activity was not expressed in those lesions in
      the liver of hamsters given BHP followed by a basal diet or diets containing
      clofibrate. Clofibrate at a dose of 0.5% in the diet, in contrast, inhibited the
      development of pancreatic adenocarcinomas and lung neoplasms, including adenomas
      and adenocarcinomas, without affecting carcinogenesis in the gall bladder and
      kidney. These results clearly indicate differential modification potential of
      clofibrate for BHP-induced liver, pancreas and lung carcinogenesis in Syrian
      hamsters.

PMID- 3402040
TI  - Structure-activity relationships for epidermal ornithine decarboxylase induction
      and skin tumor promotion by anthrones.
AB  - The present study was designed to compare the skin tumor promoting and epidermal
      ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) inducing activities of various structural analogs
      of anthralin (1,8-dihydroxy-9-anthrone) and chrysarobin (1,8-dihydroxy-3-methyl-9
      anthrone). Groups of 30 SENCAR mice each were initiated with 7,12
      dimethylbenz[a]anthracene and 2 weeks later promoted with once- or twice-weekly
      applications of various doses of these anthrone derivatives. Carbon-10 (C10)-acyl
      derivatives of anthralin were active skin tumor promoters in the range of 25-440
      nmol per mouse. 10-Acetylanthralin was significantly more active than 10
      myristoyl-anthralin at low doses (e.g. 25 and 50 nmol per mouse) and nearly as
      potent as the unsubstituted compound. Higher doses (greater than or equal to 100
      nmol per mouse) of this derivative were toxic, hence, reducing the final
      papilloma response. On a relative activity scale where anthralin is 1.0, these
      derivatives had activities that were approximately 0.7 and 0.2, respectively.
      10,10-Dipropylanthralin was totally inactive at the doses tested. C6-Substituted
      derivatives of chrysarobin demonstrated diverse tumor promoting activities when
      tested in the range of 25-440 nmol per mouse. On a relative activity scale where
      chrysarobin is 1.0, 6-methoxychrysarobin (physcion anthrone) was approximately
      0.9, whereas 6-hydroxychrysarobin (emodin anthrone) had no activity. Chrysophanic
      acid (1,8-dihydroxy-3-methyl-9,10-anthraquinone) was also inactive as a tumor
      promoter at the doses tested. In general, the tumor promoting activities of these
      anthrone derivatives correlated very well with their ability to induce epidermal
      ODC after a single topical application indicating an important role for this
      enzyme in skin tumor promotion by anthones. The ability of C10-substituted
      derivatives of anthralin to undergo base catalyzed oxidation in vitro correlated
      with both ODC inducing and tumor promoting activities. In addition,
      copper(II)bis(diisopropylsalicylate) was found to inhibit both ODC induction and
      skin tumor promotion by chrysarobin. These latter data, when taken together,
      suggest a role for oxidation at C10 in skin tumor promotion by anthrone
      derivatives.

PMID- 3402041
TI  - The bile acid analog fusidic acid can replace phosphatidylserine in the
      activation of protein kinase C by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate in vitro.
AB  - Protein kinase C (PKC) is a Ca2+- and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase which
      binds and is activated by tumor promoters such as the phorbol ester 12-O
      tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). PKC can be activated in vitro by
      phosphatidylserine (PS) plus either TPA or Ca2+. We report here that the bile
      acid analog fusidic acid can replace the requirement for PS in the activation of
      PKC by TPA. In addition, fusidic acid can enhance the activation of PKC by Ca2+
      and PS as well as by TPA and PS. Fusidic acid is an excellent model compound for
      in vitro studies of the direct effects of bile acids on PKC activity because,
      unlike many bile acids, it is completely soluble in standard PKC assay mixtures,
      obviating the exposure of the enzyme and lipid micelles to organic solvents. The
      colonic mucosa is exposed to millimolar concentrations of bile acids, and we find
      that fusidic acid stimulates PKC activity in the presence of TPA with a Ka of 350
      microM. There is substantial evidence that bile acids are endogenous tumor
      promoters, and that colon carcinogenesis is influenced by the composition of bile
      acids in vivo. Thus, fusidic acid may be a prototype of bile acids which could
      mediate tumor promotion, at least in part, by replacing the requirement for PS in
      the activation of PKC.

PMID- 3402042
TI  - Genetic differences in enzymes associated with peroxisome proliferation and
      hydrogen peroxide metabolism in inbred mouse strains.
AB  - Enzyme activities relating to H2O2 production (peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase) and
      degradation (catalase and glutathione peroxidase) were measured in the livers of
      male mice of the inbred strains C57BL/6J (C57) and C3H/HeJ (C3H) and their F1
      hybrid, B6C3F1. Groups of the three genotypes were maintained on either a basal
      diet or one containing 0.1% of the peroxisome-proliferating agent, nafenopin, for
      six weeks. In both control and nafenopin-exposed groups, the C57 strain displayed
      higher acyl-CoA oxidase activity levels than the C3H mice, whereas the activity
      levels of catalase and glutathione peroxidase were not different for the two
      inbred strains. The groups of similarly fed B6C3F1 hybrids had intermediate
      values for acyl-CoA oxidase. Several other parameters relating to peroxisome
      proliferation did not differ among the three genotypes. Acyl-CoA oxidase levels
      in cultured hepatocytes from C57 mice were greater than those in hepatocytes
      obtained from the C3H strain during two days in culture and this difference was
      maintained for 4 days by nafenopin exposure. Acyl-CoA oxidase is central to the
      hypothetical H2O2 mechanism of peroxisome proliferator-induced
      hepatocarcinogenesis and, therefore, the genetic difference documented here may
      lead to a useful approach in testing this hypothesis.

PMID- 3402043
TI  - Correlation between induction of unscheduled DNA synthesis in the liver and
      excretion of mutagenic metabolites in the urine of rats exposed to the
      carcinogenic air pollutant 2-nitrofluorene.
AB  - The genotoxic effects of 2-nitrofluorene (NF) have been studied in vivo by
      measuring the induction of DNA repair, i.e. unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS), in
      hepatocytes from male rats pretreated by oral gavage with NF. During the NF
      exposure, urine was collected for 24 h, and its mutagenicity was investigated in
      the plate incorporation assay, using Salmonella TA98 as tester strain. The urine
      samples were also used for the identification of excreted metabolites of NF. Rats
      treated with 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF) were studied simultaneously. A positive
      UDS response was observed 12 and 24 h following a single gavage exposure to 12.5,
      25 and 50 mg/kg NF, with the response returning to near control levels by 36 h.
      The positive control AAF induced approximately twice the response observed with
      NF, and both compounds gave a UDS response that was 2-3 times higher in Wistar
      rats relative to Sprague-Dawley rats. A potent direct-acting mutagenic effect was
      observed in urine samples after NF treatment, while AAF exposure only gave rise
      to a weak mutagenic effect, the NF/AAF ratio being 10/1. The stronger urinary
      mutagenicity after NF treatment relative to AAF treatment was associated with the
      presence of hydroxylated NFs. The genotoxic effect observed in the liver after NF
      treatment is, on the other hand, more likely due to the same AAF metabolites that
      are also formed after in vivo treatment with AAF.

PMID- 3402044
TI  - Role of the 4-5S binding protein in the induction of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase
      in the rat.
AB  - Analysis of male Sprague--Dawley rat hepatic cytosol from two commercial animal
      laboratories for the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) 4-5S binding protein
      showed that in one group of animals no 4-5S protein was detectable (-4S) whereas
      the levels of this protein were 208 +/- 57 fmol/mg cytosolic protein in the +4S
      rats. The role of the 4-5S binding protein in the transregulation of the
      cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase, aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH), was
      therefore investigated in the -4S and +4S Sprague-Dawley rats. The dose-response
      curves for the induction of hepatic microsomal AHH by 3-methylcholanthrene (MC)
      were indistinguishable in both +4S and -4S rats and comparable results were
      observed for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) as an inducer. Both MC
      and TCDD exhibit high binding affinities for the aryl hydrocarbon (Ah) 8-9S
      receptor protein, whereas MC but not TCDD bound with high affinity to the 4-5S
      binding protein. Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) binds with moderate affinity to both the
      Ah receptor and 4-5S binding protein and induces AHH in both -4S and +4S rats.
      Perylene binds with moderate affinity to the 4-5S binding protein but does not
      interact with the Ah receptor. This PAH was inactive as an inducer of AHH in +4S
      and -4S Sprague-Dawley rats. These results show that there was a correlation
      between the Ah receptor binding affinities of MC, B[a]P and perylene and their
      potencies as AHH inducers in Sprague-Dawley rats, and this corresponds to
      previous correlations for the induction of AHH in rat hepatoma H-4-II E cells in
      culture. In contrast no such correlations existed between the AHH induction
      potencies of these polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons and their affinities for the
      4-5S binding protein. These data, coupled with the fact that the absence of the 4
      5S binding protein in the -4S Sprague-Dawley rats did not affect AHH inducibility
      by MC, B[a]P or perylene, suggests that the 4-5S binding protein does not play a
      role in the transregulation of cytochrome P-4501A1 in the rat or rat hepatoma
      cells in culture.

PMID- 3402045
TI  - Efficacy of trimethylselenonium versus selenite in cancer chemoprevention and its
      modulation by arsenite.
AB  - Selenite, which has been demonstrated to be an effective prophylactic agent in
      experimental carcinogenesis, is metabolized to trimethylselenonium as an
      excretory product. Previous reports in the literature have shown that arsenite
      decreases the toxicity of selenite but increases that of trimethylselenonium. The
      present study was designed to compare the anti-carcinogenic efficacy of selenite
      and trimethylselenonium and their interactions with arsenite in chemoprevention,
      using the dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced mammary tumor model in rats. The
      results of this experiment indicated that supplementation of selenite (3 p.p.m.
      Se) alone produced approximately 50% reduction in tumor yield, and arsenite (5
      p.p.m. As) reduced the response to selenite. In contrast, arsenite greatly
      enhanced the protective effect of trimethylselenonium (40 p.p.m. Se); this
      combination was nearly as effective as selenite, although either
      trimethylselenonium or arsenite alone was inactive. Thus, arsenite has the
      capacity to influence the anti-carcinogenic action of selenium, and can either
      potentiate or attenuate the protective effect depending on the methylation state
      of the selenium compound. The metabolism of selenium and its perturbation by
      arsenite are discussed in relation to the above findings.

PMID- 3402046
TI  - Synergistic induction of tumours in NMRI mice by combined foetal X-irradiation
      with low doses and ethylnitrosourea administered to juvenile offspring.
AB  - Mice were X-irradiated on day 15 of gestation with 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 or 1.6 Gy.
      Offspring were reared by their mothers and divided into two subgroups at an age
      of 21 days, one subgroup receiving a single dose (45 mg/kg) of ethylnitrosourea
      (ENU). All animals were kept ultimately until 22 months to register the long-term
      tumour pattern. The carcinogenic effects of ENU alone were also studied in two
      separate experiments. Prenatal X-irradiation with 1.6 Gy mostly abolished the
      carcinogenic late effects of ENU, with the exception of an almost constant
      leucosis incidence and an unchanged lung tumour frequency. Lowering the prenatal
      X-ray dose to 0.8 Gy resulted in a significantly increased rate of liver tumours
      and ovary tumours. Synergistic effects on various tissues were observed after
      both 0.4- and 0.2-Gy foetal X-irradiation treatment in combination with postnatal
      application of ENU. These effects mainly involved a significant increase in the
      frequency of leucosis and of tumours of the liver, intestine, uterus and ovaries.
      The greater-than-additive effect in the case of these tumours suggests that low
      level prenatal X-irradiation leads to a lasting sensitivity of some tissues
      towards a subsequent carcinogenic stimulus.

PMID- 3402047
TI  - Selective gap-junctional communication capacity of transformed and non
      transformed rat liver epithelial cell lines.
AB  - To investigate whether a selective intercellular communication exists between
      transformed epithelial cells and their counterparts, the homologous and
      heterologous communication capacities of four rat liver epithelial cell lines
      were compared with their expression of transformed phenotypes. All four cell
      lines showed reasonably good homologous junctional communication capacity, as
      measured by the dye-transfer assay. In heterologous co-cultures, the non
      transformed cell line IAR 20 did not communicate with the transformed cell lines
      IAR 6-1 or IAR 27 F. These two cell lines showed a high degree of transformed
      phenotypes such as cell morphology, growth in soft agar and expression of gamma
      glutamyltranspeptidase activity. Another cell line IAR 27 E, showed the least
      degree of transformation and it communicated with IAR 20 cells. Thus, it appears
      that there is an inverse correlation between the extent of expression of
      transformed phenotypes by rat liver epithelial cells and their ability to
      communicate with non-transformed counterparts. There was no heterologous
      intercellular communication between any combination of IAR 27 E, IAR 27 F and IAR
      6-1 cell lines.

PMID- 3402048
TI  - Cytogenetic profile of mouse skin tumors induced by the viral Harvey-ras gene.
AB  - Several investigators have postulated that the activation of the Harvey-ras
      (rasH) gene is the initiating event in mouse skin carcinogenesis. In support of
      this speculation, Roop et al. (Nature, 323, 822-824, 1986) have shown that
      papillomas developed from skin grafts of cultured keratinocytes in which the v
      rasH gene had been introduced by a defective retroviral vector. Using the same
      technique we have analyzed the cytogenetic profile of primary mouse epidermal
      cultures bearing the activated ras gene and of the tumors generated by skin
      grafts of the same cells. The epidermal cultures infected with the replication
      defective virus which incorporated the v-rasH gene into a packaging-defective
      Moloney murine leukemia virus did not show any detectable karyotypic
      abnormalities. These cells presented a diploid/tetraploid configuration similar
      to uninfected controls. Furthermore, papillomas produced by skin grafts of these
      cells also showed euploid chromosomal profiles. On the other hand, two carcinomas
      that arose spontaneously from pre-existing papillomas showed 80% aneuploid cells
      and aneuploid stem lines. It appears, from these results, that the activated rasH
      gene is able to generate benign lesions without the involvement of further gross
      genomic alterations, but that such alterations may be associated with malignant
      conversion.

PMID- 3402049
TI  - Modifying role of vitamins on the mutagenic action of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N
      nitrosoguanidine.
AB  - Several vitamin compounds have been tested for their ability to suppress the
      mutagenicity of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, a direct acting
      mutagen/carcinogen, in Salmonella typhimurium strain TA100. Menadione, alpha
      tocopherol, retinal and retinol have displayed high inhibitory activity. The
      antimutagenic activity of menadione, in particular, has been found to be
      remarkable in as much as less than equimolar amount can reduce the mutagenic
      potency of the carcinogen by 50%. In vitro data suggest that its action is
      mediated by accelerating the deactivation of the N-nitroso carcinogen, possibly
      involving the formation of a quinone radical.

PMID- 3402050
TI  - Activated c-K-ras and c-N-ras oncogenes in 3-methylcholanthrene-induced BALB/c
      fibrosarcomas.
AB  - DNAs from fourteen fibrosarcomas induced by 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA) in BALB/c
      mice were analyzed for the presence of transforming oncogenes following
      transfection on NIH3T3 cells. Six transfection-positive DNAs contained an
      activated ras gene: four c-K-ras and two c-N-ras. These results demonstrate that
      c-K-ras is not the only oncogene of the ras family activated in MCA-induced
      murine fibrosarcomas as was previously indicated.

PMID- 3402051
TI  - Effects of dopamine on intestinal vessels in anesthetized dogs.
AB  - The effects of dopamine administered in graded intravenous bolus injections (0.1
      to 51.2 micrograms.kg-1) were studied simultaneously in a number of splanchnic
      vessels at organ level in anesthetized dogs with and without preceding
      administration of phenoxybenzamine. Hemodynamic data are presented for each
      artery as conductance, which were obtained by dividing mean flow by mean arterial
      pressure. The data were analyzed by two different means: 1) the response to 12.8
      micrograms of dopamine during one minute, and 2) by dose-response curves. Early
      and late effects during the one minute post injection measurement time could be
      distinguished after the administration of dopamine. In the superior
      pancreaticoduodenal, the superior mesenteric, the inferior mesenteric, the left
      gastric, and the hepatic arteries an early reduction in conductance was seen,
      while in the femoral artery an increase in conductance was observed. Early
      reduction was often followed by an increase in conductance above the preinjection
      level. This early reduction in conductance was absent when dopamine was
      administered after phenoxybenzamine, while a more pronounced increase was
      observed during the late phase. There was a slight reduction in renal artery
      flow, probably caused by a slight reduction in arterial pressure. Because there
      was no increase in the conductance of the hepatic artery--both with and without
      phenoxybenzamine--it may be concluded that no specific dopamine receptors are
      present in this vascular bed in dogs.

PMID- 3402052
TI  - Determination of oxalate concentration in blood.
AB  - The methods used for determination of oxalate in blood are reviewed, and the
      advantages and disadvantages of the two basic approaches--direct methods and in
      vivo isotope-dilution techniques--are compared. Possible reasons for the previous
      discrepancies between direct and isotopic methods are discussed, as are the
      effects of protein binding, sample handling, and storage conditions on oxalate
      values in plasma. Necessary precautions for obtaining reproducible results are
      presented. We recommend and critically review several direct methods, and
      describe the application of a direct method for oxalate determination in some
      other biological fluids.

PMID- 3402053
TI  - Radioimmunoassay of salivary cyclosporine with use of 125I-labeled cyclosporine.
AB  - We prepared 125I-labeled cyclosporine (125I-CS) by modifying the procedure of
      Mahoney and Orf (Clin Chem 1985;31:459) and characterized it with regards to
      maximal immunoreactivity (greater than 90%), trichloroacetic acid precipitability
      (greater than 90%), and stability (90% immunoreactive after five half-lives of
      125I). For a particular preparation of 125I-CS, we estimated its immunoreaction
      concentration (50 pmol/L) and the equilibrium constant for its reaction with
      Sandoz polyclonal antiserum (K = 3.9 X 10(9) L/mol). By substituting 125I-CS as
      tracer in the Sandoz radioimmunoassay and by modifying other aspects of the
      assay, we developed a procedure that is sufficiently sensitive (0.34
      micrograms/L) to allow measurement of "trough" (lowest inter-dose) cyclosporine
      concentrations in parotid saliva. Of 38 kidney-transplant patients, 35 had
      measurable concentrations in saliva (mean 8.3, SD 5.2 micrograms/L), and these
      correlated moderately with paired serum concentrations (r = 0.68, P less than
      0.001). We believe that measurement of salivary cyclosporine may offer a simple
      way of estimating the free fraction of the drug in serum or plasma.

PMID- 3402054
TI  - Three methods compared for isoamylase separation in tissue homogenates.
AB  - Using homogenates of autopsy tissue, we compared three widely available
      techniques for separating amylase isoenzymes: wheat-germ inhibition (WI), and
      electrophoresis on cellulose acetate (CA) or agarose (AG). WI separated amylase
      into two isoforms, CA into seven (three pancreatic and four salivary), and AG
      into nine (five pancreatic and four salivary). CA and WI had similar isoamylase
      detection limits (8-10 U/L) and similar imprecision in measuring percent S-type
      vs P-type isoamylase (within-run SD 1-2%), and they demonstrated a linear
      response to added S or P isoamylase. In contrast, the AG method had higher
      detection limits (10-15 U/L), greater imprecision (within-run SD 3%), and showed
      a nonlinear response to added S or P isomylase. We conclude that CA and WI have
      essentially equivalent assay attributes, superior to AG, but that CA resolves
      more amylase isoforms than WI.

PMID- 3402055
TI  - Re-evaluation of the fructosamine reaction.
AB  - The difference in spectral characteristics between 1-deoxy-1-morpholinofructose
      (DMF) and protein/plasma samples in the fructosamine reaction has been related to
      the solubility of the diformazan formed by reduction of nitro blue tetrazolium
      chloride. Addition of the surfactant Triton X-100 (20 g/L) to the reagent buffer
      not only corrects this anomaly but also enhances the absolute response. Detailed
      investigation of DMF and dihydroxyacetone as calibration standards for the
      reaction established a clear preference for the latter. Fundamental differences
      in reaction kinetics were also noted between the Amadori rearrangement products
      of glucose formed from morpholine (DMF) or the amino lysine groups of protein
      (glycated albumin). From the reactivity of dihydroxyacetone, as well as
      glyceraldehyde, observed in the fructosamine reaction, and the presence of this
      class of compounds (trioses) in human plasma, we infer that they may also
      contribute to the differentiation of diabetic and non-diabetic samples.

PMID- 3402056
TI  - Liquid-chromatographic determination of total hydroxyproline in urine.
AB  - In this method for quantifying 4-hydroxyproline in human urine, 50 microL of
      urine is hydrolyzed, derivatized with phenylisothiocyanate (PITC), and then
      quantified by reversed-phase HPLC with ultraviolet detection. The detection limit
      in urine is 373 pg of hydroxyproline per 50-microL injection. The total CVs for
      high- and low-concentration pools are 5.3% and 3.9%, respectively (10 runs in 10
      days). The standard curve of the assay is linear over a range of 0 to 22 nmol per
      injection. We estimated the normal range for hydroxyproline excretion in men on
      an unrestricted diet to be 123-308 mumol/24 h. We also report hydroxyproline
      concentrations in patients with metastatic bone disease and cirrhosis of the
      liver.

PMID- 3402057
TI  - Nontransferability of C-peptide measurements with various commercial
      radioimmunoassay reagents.
AB  - I evaluated the between-method variation of C-peptide determined with C-peptide
      radioimmunoassay kit reagents from Mallinckrodt, Behring, Diagnostic Products
      Corp., and Immuno Nuclear Corp., and antisera from Novo (M1230, M1221, and K6)
      and Cambridge Medical Diagnostics (299-029P). C-peptide concentrations
      corresponding to 0.6 nmol/L (as determined with M1230) ranged from 0.54 (by
      Immuno Nuclear Corp.) to 1.06 nmol/L (by M1221). Furthermore, pretreating plasma
      specimens with Polyethylene Glycol 6000 variably decreased the results. Several
      factors may contribute to the between-method variation of C-peptide analyses:
      differences in the specificity of antisera, the type of C-peptide preparation
      used as standard and tracer, liability of the immunoassay to nonspecific
      interference, and possibly the heterogeneity of C-peptide immunoreactivity in the
      specimens.

PMID- 3402058
TI  - Radioimmunoassay of cholecystokinin in plasma.
AB  - A sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay for cholecystokinin (CCK) has been
      developed. Synthetic unsulfated carboxy-terminal fragment, CCK-8, was
      radioiodinated by the conventional Chloramine-T method. Antibodies were raised
      against sulfated CCK-8 covalently coupled to bovine thyroglobulin via 1-ethyl-3
      (3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide. By purification, highly immunoreactive 125I
      labeled CCK-8 was obtained. The antiserum was highly avid, and plasma could be
      assayed directly. The detection limit of the assay was 5 pmol of sulfated CCK-8
      per liter. The assay measured fragments CCK-8, CCK-33, and CCK-39 with equimolar
      potency. CCK-4, gastrin, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide were not detected,
      even at higher concentrations. The concentration of CCK, as the sum of these CCK
      peptides, in plasma during fasting was low (10.5 +/- 2.1 pmol/L, mean +/- SEM)
      but still detectable in all normal subjects examined (range, 6.4-20.1 pmol/L).
      After ingestion of a test meal, CCK in plasma increased rapidly, peaking at 41.3
      (SEM 5.7) pmol/L at 40 min and remaining high for 3 h after the meal. This
      supports the concept that CCK has important roles in digestion and absorption.

PMID- 3402059
TI  - Monoclonal-antibody-based noncompetitive avidin-biotin assay for lutropin in
      urine.
AB  - This noncompetitive avidin-biotin assay for lutropin (LH) in urine is based on
      the use of solid-phase, monoclonal antibodies, avidin-biotin binding, and enzyme
      label. The detection limit for LH is 0.5 int. unit/L. Performance time is 2 h.
      Intra- and interassay CVs were 4.2% and 6.2%, respectively. The assay is more
      specific for intact LH than are RIAs, and the results are unambiguous as compared
      with those by RIAs. LH is stable for a week in refrigerated urine; thus urine is
      a convenient sample material in follow-up studies for clinical ovulation timing.
      This rapid and sensitive nonisotopic LH assay avoids the disadvantages of blood
      samples. The assay provides clinically relevant predictions of ovulation timing
      from the amount of hormone measured in a 3-h urine specimen.

PMID- 3402060
TI  - Immunofluorometric demonstration and quantification of placental protein 5 in the
      absence of pregnancy.
AB  - This time-resolved immunofluorometric assay (IFMA) developed for measurement of
      placental protein 5 (PP5) involves two antibodies: a monoclonal anti-PP5 antibody
      attached to a solid phase and an europium(III) chelate-labeled polyclonal anti
      PP5 antibody as a tracer. The measuring range is 0.05-100 micrograms/L and the
      detection limit is 20 times lower than that of a PP5 radioimmunoassay (RIA)
      performed with the same polyclonal antiserum. By IFMA, PP5 could be detected and
      quantified in all plasma and serum samples of nonpregnant and pregnant
      individuals, whereas PP5 was undetectable by RIA in serum of healthy men and
      nonpregnant women. The mean concentration of PP5 in sera from men was 0.43
      micrograms/L (SD 0.13, range 0.19-0.75, n = 47) and in sera from nonpregnant
      women 0.49 micrograms/L (SD 0.19, range 0.20-0.90, n = 41). PP5 concentrations in
      serum showed no systematic variation during the menstrual cycle. In serum samples
      from 60 pregnant women the results obtained by IFMA and RIA correlated well (r =
      0.97).

PMID- 3402061
TI  - Analytical performance of three commercially available nephelometers compared for
      quantifying proteins in serum and cerebrospinal fluid.
AB  - We investigated the analytical performance and imprecision of three commercially
      available nephelometers for the quantification of various proteins in pooled
      serum and cerebrospinal fluid. Albumin, transferrin, IgG, IgA, and IgM in serum
      were determined nephelometrically (BNA, Behring; Array, Beckman) and
      turbidimetrically (Cobas Bio, Hoffmann-La Roche). All these proteins in
      cerebrospinal fluid except transferrin were determined nephelometrically with all
      three systems. CVs and lower limits of detection were compared for all
      instruments, and stability of calibration curves was evaluated.

PMID- 3402062
TI  - Measurement of rimantadine in plasma by capillary gas chromatography/mass
      spectrometry with a deuterium-labeled internal standard.
AB  - Rimantadine is a synthetic antiviral agent used in prophylaxis and in treating
      the early stages of uncomplicated influenza A illness. We describe a stable
      isotope-dilution assay involving capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.
      We used 200 ng of d3-rimantadine, added to 1 mL of plasma, as the internal
      standard. The rimantadine was extracted from the plasma with a Bond-Elut CN
      column, the column was washed with water, and the rimantadine was eluted with
      methanol, dried, and treated to form the t-butyldimethylsilyl derivative. The
      mass spectrometer was operated in the selected ion monitoring mode. Ions at m/z
      236 and m/z 239 were monitored, corresponding to the loss of C4H9 from the
      rimantadine derivative and d3-rimantadine, respectively. Within-run precision
      (CVs) ranged from 8.9% at 29 micrograms/L to 3.2% at 1666 micrograms/L.
      Corresponding data for between-run precision were 5.4% and 1.7%. Treated
      volunteers (n = 86) provided plasma samples with a concentration range of 153 to
      1127 micrograms/L. This simplified method allows rapid, precise assay of
      rimantadine in plasma.

PMID- 3402063
TI  - Screening urine before microscopy, by automated test-strip preselection: clinical
      evaluation of the improved Rapimat II/T (Behring).
AB  - In many laboratories, microscopy of urines is restricted to specimens selected on
      the basis of positive tests, mainly for protein, blood, nitrite, and leukocyte
      esterase. Here, we analyzed several hundred specimens by use of multiple
      dipsticks, read in an improved reflectometer. By comparing the results with
      quantitative microscopy, it could be shown that this system allows selection,
      with acceptable sensitivity and specificity, of those specimens that are likely
      to contain clinically important microscopic elements.

PMID- 3402064
TI  - An international quality-assessment program for measurement of aluminum in human
      plasma: a progress report.
AB  - In view of the increasing interest in measurement of aluminum in plasma of
      hemodialysis patients and the analytical difficulties, which may lead to false
      clinical interpretations, we organized an international interlaboratory quality
      control program that has operated since 1983. The results obtained after four
      years (72 participants) demonstrate a lessened discrepancy of the results. This
      program allowed some laboratories to improve their results and even to solve some
      of their analytical problems. This surveillance will be continued and extended to
      include the analysis of dialysis fluids.

PMID- 3402065
TI  - Simple, rapid determination of zinc and acid phosphatase in seminal plasma with
      an ABA-100 bichromatic analyzer.
AB  - I describe an automated assay for zinc and acid phosphatase in seminal plasma.
      These, which are markers of the function of the prostate, were assayed
      bichromatically with an Abbott ABA-100 analyzer. As many as 25 samples of human
      seminal plasma can be analyzed sequentially with CVs of 3.1% for zinc and 1.5%
      for acid phosphatase. The sensitivity, specificity, and speed of this assay
      system make it practicable for use in investigation of male infertility.

PMID- 3402066
TI  - Rapid determination of the hypoxanthine increase in ischemic exercise tests.
AB  - After ischemic exercise tests, performed to detect glycogenoses or myoadenylate
      deaminase (EC 3.5.4.6) deficiency, the increases in serum lactate and ammonia
      usually are measured. Determination of hypoxanthine instead of ammonia can also
      be used to show myoadenylate deaminase deficiency, but HPLC of hypoxanthine is
      time-consuming. As a substitute, we developed an indirect enzymatic equilibrium
      method for hypoxanthine based on coupling the chromogenic system 3,5-dichloro-2
      hydroxy-benzenesulfonic acid/4-aminophenazone with formation of hydrogen peroxide
      by xanthine oxidase (EC 1.1.3.22). The pH optimum is at 7.8 and the absorbance
      maximum at 510 nm. The calibration curve is linear from 0 to 100 mumol/L and the
      detection limit is 0.9 mumol/L. Analytical variability (CV) was 1.5% to 3.6%
      within-run, 4.5% to 8.5% between-run. The assay can be performed with a standard
      spectrophotometer or a centrifugal analyzer. The coefficient of correlation was
      0.68 between hypoxanthine and ammonia increases in plasma from controls who
      performed the exercise test.

PMID- 3402068
TI  - Age- and sex-specific pediatric reference intervals for biochemistry analytes as
      measured with the Ektachem-700 analyzer.
AB  - Using the Ektachem-700 multilayer film analyzer, we defined age- and sex-specific
      reference intervals for 20 analytes in sera from a healthy population of neonates
      and children ages one to 19 years. Upper and lower normal reference intervals for
      each analyte were determined by nonparametric methods as the 0.975 and 0.025
      fractiles, respectively. Newborns have lower concentrations of total protein and
      albumin, and higher concentrations of phosphate, bilirubin, and enzymes in serum
      than older children do. Concentrations of urea, glucose, calcium, phosphate, and
      bilirubin change rapidly postnatally. Outside the neonatal period, no significant
      age- or sex-related difference was found for plasma glucose, serum amylase,
      conjugated or unconjugated bilirubin, or lipase. There was no sex-related
      difference in reference intervals for albumin, total protein, calcium, phosphate,
      or urea. However, concentrations of uric acid and creatine kinase are much higher
      in postpubertal boys than in girls. Alkaline phosphatase values peak later in
      boys. Except for lactate dehydrogenase and gamma-glutamyltransferase, the
      reference intervals defined here do not differ strikingly from data derived with
      use of other analyzers. The age- and sex-related trends are independent of
      method. However, each laboratory should determine the degree to which these
      reference ranges can be directly applied to analyses performed with another
      analyzer.

PMID- 3402067
TI  - Amino acid concentrations in serum and aqueous humor from subjects with extreme
      myopia or senile cataract.
AB  - With an amino acid analyzer, we measured amino acids and related compounds in
      serum and aqueous humor from normal Chinese and some patients with extreme myopia
      or senile cataracts. Forty peaks were well resolved, and their areas were used to
      quantify each compound. In the myopic patients, glutamate, alpha-aminoadipate,
      and methionine concentrations in serum were 10-fold those in the normal subjects.
      Values for most of the other amino acids and related compounds were also higher
      in myopic patients' sera. In the cataract patients, concentrations of most of
      these compounds were lower in serum but higher in aqueous humor than for the
      normal subjects. Tryptophan was present in significant amounts in sera from the
      normal subjects, but was not detectable in the senile-cataract patients. The
      ratio of amino acid concentration in aqueous humor to that in the serum (Ch/Cs)
      was higher in the cataract patients than in normal subjects for almost all of the
      compounds we measured.

PMID- 3402070
TI  - Interlaboratory proficiency survey of cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein
      cholesterol measurement.
AB  - We conducted a proficiency survey of cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein
      (HDL) cholesterol analysis in local clinical laboratories to determine whether
      increased national emphasis on cholesterol measurement had resulted in changes in
      performance from previous surveys. Sets of frozen aliquots of plasma and HDL
      supernate pools were sent to nine laboratories for analysis; results were
      compared with Northwest Lipid Research Center values, and relationships were
      determined by linear regression. Of all the cholesterol measurements, 81% were
      considered acceptable (i.e., within 9% of the NWLRC value), and 61% of the HDL
      cholesterol measurements were considered acceptable (within 50 mg/L of NWLRC
      values). These data represented no improvement over previous surveys. Workload
      had increased significantly: 79% for cholesterol and 284% for HDL cholesterol. On
      a bias plot, six of the laboratories demonstrated inaccuracy greater than the +/-
      3% recommendation within the critical range of 2000-2400 mg/L for total
      cholesterol. For HDL cholesterol, two laboratories demonstrated bias greater than
      10% at the critical point of 350 mg/L, with three additional laboratories
      displaying strong bias outside the decision point. The survey results indicate
      that apparently further improvements must be made for laboratories to achieve
      acceptable performance in cholesterol analysis.

PMID- 3402069
TI  - Age- and sex-specific pediatric reference intervals and correlations for zinc,
      copper, selenium, iron, vitamins A and E, and related proteins.
AB  - Age- and sex-specific reference intervals based on the 0.025 and 0.975 fractiles
      of data derived from a healthy pediatric population are presented for zinc,
      copper, selenium, iron, ferritin, retinol, alpha-tocopherol, and related analytes
      in serum. Age was an important covariate for copper, selenium, retinol, and
      tocopherol, and ferritin in boys. Strong correlations were found between retinol
      and retinol-binding protein, prealbumin (transthyretin), alpha-tocopherol, and
      selenium. Tocopherol was highly correlated with both cholesterol and
      triglycerides. We found no relationship between serum zinc and either retinol or
      retinol-binding protein. Despite exclusion of children in whom anemia,
      microcytosis, or variant hemoglobins were found, the 0.025 fractile for iron in
      several age groups was even less than the concentration considered to indicate
      poor iron nutritional status.

PMID- 3402071
TI  - Wheat-germ agglutinin method for measuring bone and liver isoenzymes of alkaline
      phosphatase assessed in postmenopausal osteoporosis.
AB  - In the method of Rosalki and Foo (Clin Chem 1984;30:1182-6) bone and liver
      isoenzymes of alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) are quantified by using wheat
      germ agglutinin (WGA). I suggest standardizing the procedure by using a WGA
      concentration that precipitates half of the alkaline phosphatase activity of
      serum pooled from an equal number of healthy women and men. By applying knowledge
      of the precipitation pattern in serum samples containing predominantly or
      exclusively bone or liver sources of alkaline phosphatase, I obtained results for
      the isoenzymes in healthy subjects that agreed with those by the heat
      inactivation methods, as reported earlier in the literature. I then assessed the
      utility of the standardized procedure in a clinical study of prevention of
      postmenopausal bone loss. In patients receiving hormone replacement therapy,
      which is known to decrease bone turnover, the decrease in total alkaline
      phosphatase activity in serum was entirely ascribable to decreases in the bone
      isoenzyme activity, probably reflecting reduced bone formation, whereas the
      activity concentration of liver alkaline phosphatase remained unchanged.

PMID- 3402072
TI  - Development and performance of a fully automated method for assay of C-reactive
      protein in the aca discrete clinical analyzer.
AB  - A quantitative immunoassay for C-reactive protein (CRP) has been developed for
      use in the Du Pont aca discrete clinical analyzer. Particle-enhanced
      turbidimetric immunoassay (PE-TIA) technology is used. The method has a CV of
      less than 10% in the range 2 to 120 mg/L. Neither hemolyzed samples (Hb less than
      5 g/L), icteric samples (total bilirubin less than 300 mg/L), lipemic samples
      (triglyceride less than 15 g/L), nor some commonly used drugs interfere.
      Dithioerythritol is used to eliminate interference from rheumatoid factor. Good
      correlation was seen when the Du Pont CRP method was compared with the Beckman
      ICS, Syva EMIT, TDx, and Behring methods for CRP. The normal reference interval
      is 0 to 9 mg/L. The method, which is fully automated, is fast, requires only a
      few microliters of serum, and is well suited to emergency-room requirements.

PMID- 3402073
TI  - Factitious proteinuria: diagnosis and protein identification by use of
      isoelectric focusing.
AB  - Factitious proteinuria is an unusual finding. We present a case in which clinical
      suspicion was aroused by the disparity between the clinical history and findings
      and the 24-h excretion of protein in urine. Electrophoresis of the patient's
      serum and urine confirmed the presence of an unusual protein. By isoelectric
      focusing we identified it as egg-white, a finding confirmed by immunofixation
      with antiserum to egg-albumen. In the past, confirmation of the identity of such
      a protein has required specific antiserum for immunofixation or immunodiffusion.
      Such antiserum may not always be available. However, isoelectric focusing gives
      sufficient resolution for positive identification of exogenous proteins, even in
      the presence of true proteinuria.

PMID- 3402074
TI  - Brief study of the Becton Dickinson solid-phase component system for thyrotropin.

PMID- 3402075
TI  - Evaluation of Liquichek immunology controls.

PMID- 3402076
TI  - HPLC method for assay of bamifylline in plasma from neonates.

PMID- 3402077
TI  - Determination of citrate in urine by simple direct photometry.

PMID- 3402078
TI  - Approaching the millennium in automated analysis.

PMID- 3402080
TI  - Questions concerning fecal porphyrins.

PMID- 3402079
TI  - More on determination of manganese in biological materials.

PMID- 3402081
TI  - Atherosclerosis: metabolism, risk, and control. Proceedings of the eleventh
      annual Arnold O. Beckman Conference in Clinical Chemistry. January 18-20, 1988,
      Phoenix, Arizona.

PMID- 3402082
TI  - The usefulness of urodynamics in urogynaecological disorders.
AB  - 286 patients are examined in this paper on the basis of urodynamic assessment.
      The relation between anamnestic-clinical and urodynamic assessment, the clinical
      evaluation of female urinary incontinence and the surgical protocol are
      discussed.

PMID- 3402083
TI  - Cervical polyps: a colpo-cyto-histological study.
AB  - From a review of 1477 polyps of the cervical canal it appears that these very
      frequent lesions occur between the ages of 41 and 50 in relation to the
      disendocrine picture which characterises that age. The histological point of view
      reveals a picture in which the adenomatous variety predominates, followed by the
      mixed forms. The Authors, following colposcopic checking repeated in time on the
      same patients, are able to demonstrate that squamous metaplasia may originate in
      the subcylindrical reserve cells. There have not been cases of carcinomatous
      degeneration, inasmuch as their only case proved to be a metastasis of continuity
      from a carcinoma of the cervix, for which reason such neoplasias are not be
      considered precancerous lesions.

PMID- 3402084
TI  - Single intrauterine fetal death in monoamniotic twins due to cord entanglement.
AB  - A case of monoamniotic twin intrauterine fetal death of one of the fetuses is
      presented. The death was most probably caused by cord entanglement and
      thrombosis. A discussion on incidence, etiology and pathology is included.

PMID- 3402085
TI  - The measurement of the oral and vaginal electrolytes as a new method of
      predicting ovulation.
AB  - To be able to know with certainty the day of ovulation has always posed a major
      problem to the gynecologist, for various reasons. Today, knowing the day of
      ovulation and, still better, being able to forecast it with some assurance, is
      even more necessary for the various fecundation programs. The results are here
      presented of experimentation in a new method of prediction of ovulation which is
      based on the measuring of the electrolytes present in the saliva and in the
      cervical mucus in the first phase of the cycle, with the aim of being able to
      predict in advance the day of ovulation.

PMID- 3402086
TI  - Sexual behaviour, a stress factor affecting ovulation and cycle length.
AB  - The hormonal profile and clinical picture of women, mean age 21 years, with
      aberrant anovulatory cycles, lasting from 35-65 days were presented. Although all
      subjects had orgasmic experiences by automanipulation, and 4 had sporadic sex
      with men, the fact of not having regular heterosexual relationship, acts as an
      emotional stress, with resulting higher PRL and urinary catecholamine level, as
      compared to an age-matched control group of 14 women, having regular 1-2 weekly
      coitus. Sexual behaviour affects cycle length and ovulation, having no effect on
      estradiol level. Menstrual disorders and aberrant long cycles, resulting from
      absence of or sporadic sexual encounters should not be treated. They are a
      temporary phenomenon, which disappears after establishment of normal heterosexual
      life-style.

PMID- 3402087
TI  - True hermaphroditism: diagnosis and surgical treatment.
AB  - We documented a new case of 46,XY true hermaphroditism in an 18-year-old patient,
      reared as a female at birth, with ambiguous genitalia and primary amenorrhea. At
      laparotomy, bilateral dysgenetic ovotestis containing gonadoblastoma were found.
      Karyotypes of peripheral lymphocytes and cells from tissue of both gonads were
      all 46,XY. Plastic surgery was conducted to transform ambiguous genitalia to the
      full female phenotype. Clitoreduction by glans resection and fastening of the
      corpora cavernosa in the labia major with enlargement of the vaginal orifice were
      performed. The results was a small eretcile organ with preserved sensitivity and
      a female capable of normal sexual activity.

PMID- 3402088
TI  - Current aspects of gynecological pathology in postmenopause.
AB  - Between 1982 and 1984 330 women in postmenopause for at least one year were
      admitted to the First Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Catania University
      Medical School, Catania, Italy, with a frequency of 10.04% of gynecological
      admissions. The most frequent pathologies were metrorrhagia (32.72%; 108 cases)
      from an atrophic endometrium or glandular hyperplasia of the endometrium,
      vaginoperineal lacerations with cystorectocoele with or without urinary
      incontinence (10.90%; 36 cases), cancer (11.21%; 37 cases) and ovarian cystoma
      (11.21%; 37 cases), uterine prolapse (9.30%; 31 cases), and endometrial polyps
      (9.09%; 30 cases). Uterine fibromyoma (3.93%; 13 cases) and carcinoma of the
      portio (3.93%; 13 cases) were among the rare pathologies. Uterine pathologies
      were the most prevalent (68.78%; 227 cases), followed by ovarian (15.15%; 50
      cases), pathology of involving the pelvic and perineal containment (10.90%; 36
      cases), vulvar pathology (2.72%; 6 cases), and vaginal pathology (1.51%; 5
      cases). Malignant neoplastic pathology was reported in 25.45% of cases (84 cases)
      consisting only of uterine cancer (47.61%; 40 cases) and ovarian cancer (45.23%;
      38 cases). In comparison with the study performed by Cetroni in 1952 one notes a
      net reduction in the frequency of uterine prolapse (by about three times), and a
      smaller reduction in cancer of the uterine cervix with a slight increase in
      cervical polyps, endometrial cancer, and above all in metrorrhagia from atrophic
      endometrium or glandular hyperplasia of the endometrium.

PMID- 3402089
TI  - The use of the microtransducer catheter in diagnosis of vesico-urethral
      disorders.
AB  - The Authors report their own results on the use of the microtransducer catheter
      in diagnosis of vesico-urethral disorders in 60 patients. The parameters
      concerning the static and dynamic UPP are discussed in order to define the
      meaning of such values in the etiopathogenetic arrangement of the semiology.

PMID- 3402090
TI  - HSV2 and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: cytological, histological and
      serological features.
AB  - An epidemiological investigation on the incidence of HSV2 infection in 1216 women
      with acute or recurrent vulvovaginitis was performed. HSV2 research was carried
      out by means of clinical, cytological, colposcopic, histologic examinations and
      vaginal pad cultures and antibody titration. Of the patients examined, 12.6%
      presented signs of genital herpes; among the diagnostic techniques used, the most
      reliable proved to be the serological method. Incidence of HSV2 was higher among
      women in the under privileged social classes, those who had sexual relations with
      different partners and those who were multiparous. A higher percentage of
      dysplastic and/or neoplastic lesions of the uterine cervix among HSV2 positive (P
      less than 0.025) with respect to controls was also found. A higher incidence of
      neoplastic pathologies among women who are positive for HSV2 was therefore
      confirmed.

PMID- 3402091
TI  - Children with glue ear: how do they present?
AB  - A prospective study examined 280 children aged between 2 and 11 years with mild
      or severe forms of otitis media with effusion (OME). There was a 2-year delay
      between the first suspicion of hearing loss and presentation to an
      otolaryngologist. In approximately 50% of these children hearing loss was first
      suspected by the mother and in 20-30% detection was by routine screening tests.
      In most cases actual hearing loss was the subjective presenting feature, but in
      others, speech, language or learning difficulties heralded the problem. It is
      suggested that such data might be incorporated into a questionnaire for parents
      which may then be used to assess parental ability to detect hearing loss due to
      otitis media with effusion in small children.

PMID- 3402092
TI  - Reversibility of reduced ciliary activity on adenoids of patients with otitis
      media with effusion following culture.
AB  - We have studied the ciliary activity of the pharyngeal epithelium on adenoids
      obtained from patients with recurrent otitis media with effusion to assess
      indirectly the ciliary activity in the Eustachian tube. In conclusion, the
      following has been speculated from the present study: (1) middle ear effusions
      depress the ciliary activity; and (2) recovery of the reduced ciliary activity
      can be achieved in an effusion-free environment inasmuch as the ciliated cells
      have not undergone organic changes. Prompt elimination of the effusion, if
      present, is of critical importance for the recuperation of tubotympanic drainage,
      because a positive therapeutic effect resulting from elimination of the effusion
      can only be possible in early phase of the disease, before irreversible
      morphological lesions have occurred.

PMID- 3402093
TI  - Clinical and rhinometric assessment of the nasal airway--do they measure the same
      entity?
AB  - Multiple regression analysis was used to investigate the relationship between
      clinical examination of the nasal airway, precisely defined using 16 simple and 9
      derived parameters, and active anterior rhinometry. Clinical examination and
      rhinometry were found to correlate poorly and must be regarded as measuring 2
      distinct though related entities.

PMID- 3402094
TI  - Laterality of sinonasal cancer and its aetiologic implications.
AB  - A study of the laterality of cancer arising in the nose and sinuses in Cape Town
      shows that ethmoid tumours have a pronounced left-sided dominance irrespective of
      histology or racial group. This supports an exogenous cause for this site. These
      findings are discussed in the light of results from other clinical and
      epidemiological research. It seems unlikely that maxillary sinus cancer has the
      same aetiology as ethmoid carcinoma.

PMID- 3402095
TI  - The management of otitis media with effusion in adults.
AB  - The management of 38 patients with idiopathic adult onset otitis media with
      effusion was evaluated retrospectively. Data from 50 ears were reviewed. The
      standard treatment consisted of myringotomy and grommet insertion. The patients
      were followed up for an average period of 27 months. Only 2 ears maintained a
      significant improvement in the air-bone gap when reviewed approximately 3 months
      following grommet extrusion. In all of the others, the hearing impairment
      recurred, and continued to recur despite multiple grommet insertions in several
      patients. It is concluded that adult onset otitis media with effusion has a low
      tendency to resolve, and that conventional surgical measures have little to offer
      in its management.

PMID- 3402096
TI  - Post-tonsillectomy haemorrhage and analgesics. A comparative study of
      acetylsalicylic acid and paracetamol.
AB  - In a prospective randomized clinical study the incidence of post-tonsillectomy
      haemorrhage was studied in 832 patients receiving either acetylsalicylic acid or
      paracetamol as postoperative analgesic (423 and 409 patients, respectively). Of
      27 patients experiencing 1 or more bleeding episodes postoperatively, 18 received
      acetylsalicylic acid and 9 paracetamol. No difference was found regarding the
      incidence of bleeding within the first 24 h but, later on, a significantly lower
      incidence of secondary bleeding occurred in the paracetamol group (0.5%) compared
      with the acetylsalicylic acid group (3.1%). We conclude that acetylsalicylic acid
      is not the optimum postoperative analgesic following tonsillectomy and that other
      alternatives must be sought.

PMID- 3402097
TI  - Tympanoplasty surgery and prophylactic antibiotics: surgical results.
AB  - This paper reports a multicentre, controlled, blind, prospective, randomized
      study into the use of prophylactic systemic antibiotics in myringoplasty surgery.
      A total of 130 individuals were randomly allocated to either an antibiotic or a
      non-antibiotic group. Each individual was clinically and audiometrically assessed
      preoperatively, and 8 weeks postoperatively. It was found that systemic
      prophylactic antibiotics did not influence either the success rate of
      myringoplasty surgery or the audiometric result.

PMID- 3402098
TI  - Percutaneous transtracheal ventilation for laser endoscopic treatment of
      laryngeal and subglottic lesions.
AB  - Obstructive lesions of the larynx and subglottic space are always a challenging
      problem for the endoscopist and anaesthetist. At this level, the efficacy and
      innocuity of a carbon dioxide laser treatment are related to the degree of
      endoscopic exposure. Thanks to the transtracheal high frequency jet ventilator,
      it is now possible to assure a free laryngeal endoscopic operative field. The
      transtracheal catheter is introduced percutaneously through the cricothyroid
      membrane into the trachea under endoscopic control and connected to a high
      frequency jet ventilator. From November 1983 to April 1985, this technique has
      been used in 65 cases. In 12 cases, it was the only alternative to avoid a
      tracheostomy. The other indications were: laryngeal papillomatosis, resection of
      T1a cancers of the vocal cords, fibrous strictures secondary to long term
      intubation, laser arytenoidectomies and benign lesions of the vocal cords. Among
      many advantages, the following are the most convincing: clear vision of the
      operative field for the surgeon, complete relaxation of the patient, good
      respiratory gas exchange, elimination of the risk of ignition of an endotracheal
      tube by laser, decreased risks of broncho-aspiration of blood and debris, and the
      facility to provide oxygen and/or mechanical ventilation in the postoperative
      period. The only complication encountered was a case of cervico-mediastinal
      emphysema caused by displacement of the tracheal catheter.

PMID- 3402099
TI  - Influence of intraoperative antroscopy on surgical treatment of the maxillary
      antrum.
AB  - Antroscopy is being used with increasing frequency but its optimum role in
      clinical practice is still being clarified. One hundred antroscopies were carried
      out intraoperatively on 50 consecutive patients admitted for non-urgent,
      intranasal and/or paranasal sinus surgery. A specific surgical procedure had been
      planned on 28 individual maxillary antra. In the remaining 72 antra, no such
      procedure was planned. As a result of the antroscopic findings, the surgical
      procedure was changed in 16% of the total sinuses. In 10% a more extensive, and
      in 6% a less extensive procedure was carried out than had been envisaged prior to
      antroscopy. It is concluded that intraoperative antroscopy is extremely helpful
      in selecting the appropriate procedure, if any, to carry out on the maxillary
      antrum.

PMID- 3402100
TI  - A comparison of anterior and radical trimming of the inferior nasal turbinates
      and the effects on nasal resistance to airflow.
AB  - A study of 18 patients with chronic rhinitis who underwent anterior or radical
      trimming of the inferior turbinates is presented. Radical trimming produced a
      significant decrease in both total nasal resistance to airflow and subjective
      nasal obstruction (P less than 0.005). Anterior trimming produced a significant
      decrease in total nasal resistance to airflow (P less than 0.05), but had no
      significant effect on subjective nasal obstruction. These results suggest that
      the main site of nasal resistance in patients with chronic rhinitis is the same
      as in the normal nose. On the basis of this study, adoption of anterior trimming
      in place of radical trimming of the inferior turbinates cannot be recommended.

PMID- 3402101
TI  - Swimming with earplugs: are they worthwhile?
AB  - The ears of 30 children were examined before and after swimming. Each ear was
      plugged with cotton wool which was then covered with petroleum jelly. Of the 60
      earplugs, 4 (6.6%) were lost while swimming and water was seen in the ears. The
      remaining 56 (93.3%) earplugs were still in place after swimming. The plugs were
      removed and the ears, on otoscopy, were found to be dry. In a separate experiment
      with volunteers, water was instilled into 10 ear canals. Either 1 drop (0.05 ml),
      2 drops (0.1 ml) or no water was instilled. Nine of the 10 ears were correctly
      judged to have either 'no water' or 'water present', suggesting that as little as
      0.05 ml of water in an ear canal can be detected otoscopically.

PMID- 3402102
TI  - Carcinoma in situ of the vocal cords: a retrospective study.
AB  - Between the years 1960 and 1981, 21 patients with the diagnosis of carcinoma in
      situ of the vocal cords were treated in the ENT department of Beilinson Medical
      Center. All 21 patients received initial irradiation therapy, identical to
      patients with invasive squamous cell carcinoma--7200 rads Co60 tumour dose. No
      patient died as a result of tumour. One patient had local recurrence of invasive
      carcinoma after 3 years and subsequently underwent total laryngectomy. One
      patient died after 15 years as a result of myocardial infarction. It is important
      to mention that 20 patients (95.2%) were free of tumour during a follow-up of 4
      25 years (mean 11 years). This study shows that radiotherapy is a highly
      effective method of management for carcinoma in situ of the glottic region.

PMID- 3402103
TI  - Induction of autoimmunity with dendritic cells: studies on thyroiditis in mice.
AB  - The initiation and maintenance of thyroid autoimmunity by professional antigen
      presenting cells were assessed by observing thyroiditis and induction of IgG
      antibodies to thyroglobulin (Tg). Dendritic cells (DC) were purified from spleens
      of CBA mice and T cells removed with anti-Thy 1 and complement. Some DC were
      pulsed with 25-500 micrograms/ml of mouse Tg in vitro and normal syngeneic mice
      received injections of 10(5) cells intravenously. In untreated animals only 1
      thyroid out of 40 showed a lymphocyte infiltrate and antibody to Tg was rarely
      seen. In animals receiving normal DC without Tg, lymphocyte infiltration was seen
      2-6 weeks later in 5 out of 33 thyroids and some animals produced low levels of
      antibody to thyroglobulin (8 of 33 animals). DC pulsed with 500 micrograms Tg/ml
      in vitro caused thyroid infiltration in 6 out of 15 animals but did not increase
      the incidence of anti-Tg antibodies. Lower doses had no effect. When 10(5) DC
      were given from animals with experimental allergic thyroiditis (EAT, induced with
      Tg in complete Freund's adjuvant, CFA) more than half of the recipient animals
      showed thyroiditis (8 out of 15) and autoantibody production (12 of 15 animals).
      DC may therefore play a role in the initiation and maintenance of autoimmunity by
      providing a stimulus for antigen-specific T cells.

PMID- 3402104
TI  - Inner medullary collecting duct function in ischemic acute renal failure.
AB  - Inner medullary collecting duct function in ischemic acute renal failure: The
      purpose of this study was to determine the role of the medullary collecting duct
      in the increased urine sodium concentration, decreased urine osmolality, and
      altered potassium excretion with hyperkalemia which are characteristic of
      ischemic acute renal failure. Microcatheterization of the inner medullary
      collecting duct (0.1 to 5 mm from papillary tip) was carried out in rats 24 h
      after bilateral renal artery clamping for 45 min (n = 8) or sham-operated (n =
      8). In ischemic acute renal failure (ARF), tubular fluid osmolality did not
      increase significantly along the inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD). Tubular
      fluid sodium concentration was similar to controls at the beginning of the IMCD
      but was significantly higher at the papillary tip. Tubular fluid to plasma
      potassium concentration ratio (TF/PK) increased to a greater extent along the
      IMCD in ischemic ARF than in controls. During acute KCl loading in two additional
      groups, tubular fluid potassium concentration and TF/PK were much lower at the
      beginning of the IMCD in ischemic ARF than in controls but increased similarly
      along the IMCD. In ischemic ARF, with or without KCl loading, renal tissue
      electrolytes showed reduced potassium concentration in the outer medullary
      region. The results indicate that impaired IMCD function contributes
      significantly to the increase in urine sodium concentration and the decrease in
      urine osmolality which are characteristic of ischemic acute renal failure. In
      ischemic ARF with mild hyperkalemia, an adaptive increase in K secretion occurred
      in the IMCD. Severe hyperkalemia and decreased potassium excretion during acute
      potassium loading in ischemic ARF were determined in more proximal nephron
      segments and were associated with decreased outer medullary tissue potassium,
      presumably due to tubular necrosis. Decreased outer medullary tissue potassium
      could contribute to hyperkalemia by diminishing K secretion in the pars rectae
      and descending limbs or in the cortical and outer medullary collecting ducts.

PMID- 3402105
TI  - Serologic responses to toxic shock syndrome (TSS) toxin-1 in menstrual and
      nonmenstrual TSS.
AB  - Toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) is implicated as the major exotoxin
      associated with menstrual toxic shock syndrome. The role of TSST-1 in
      nonmenstrual TSS is less certain. We examined serum IgG responses to TSST-1 in 16
      nonmenstrual (9 female, 7 male) and 14 menstrual TSS patients, and in 87 women
      and 66 men as age-matched healthy controls, using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent
      assay (ELISA). Relative ELISA titers were expressed as percent activity of a mid
      level serum standard tested concurrently. Based on 95% confidence estimates for
      predicting a negative titer (20.6 +/- 8.2%) using sera in which TSST-1 specific
      IgG was demonstrated to be absent by western blot, 24% of control women and 9% of
      control men lacked TSST-1 specific IgG in the random survey (p less than 0.05,
      Fisher's exact test). Relative titers in acute sera of menstrual TSS women (26.2
      +/- 5.2%, mean +/- S.E.), but not nonmenstrual TSS women (71.8 +/- 18.6%), were
      significantly lower than those of control women (78.9 +/- 7.3%, p less than 0.01,
      Mann-Whitney test). Acute titers from male TSS patients (37.0 +/- 15.6%) were
      also significantly lower than those in control men (114.6 +/- 11.0% (p less than
      0.05). Antibody titers from menstrual TSS women and TSS men remained low during
      convalescence. Nevertheless, seroconversion to TSST-1 was demonstrated by western
      blot in 7 of 10 patients in whom TSST-1 positive S. aureus was isolated, but in
      neither of two patients without toxigenic S. aureus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3402107
TI  - Effect of hydrocortisone on basal and apomorphine-induced growth hormone
      secretion in normal subjects.
AB  - The effect of hydrocortisone (HC) (200 mg, i.v. over 15 min) on the growth
      hormone (GH) response to the dopamine (DA) receptor agonist, apomorphine HCl
      (Apo) (0.5 mg sc), and on basal prolactin (PRL) secretion was studied in 11
      normal male volunteers. In addition, the effect of HC on 3H-spiperone binding to
      rat striatal membranes was investigated. HC alone increased basal GH secretion
      compared with placebo (p less than 0.02) commencing 90 min after injection (p
      less than 0.05). When HC was given before Apo the GH response to Apo was blunted
      (p less than 0.05), and the delayed HC-induced increase was absent (p less than
      0.001). HC or Apo alone had no effect on PRL secretion but HC plus Apo
      significantly decreased PRL concentrations compared with placebo (p less than
      0.01) or HC alone (p less than 0.001). HC (0.1-100 microM) had no effect on 3H
      spiperone binding in vitro. The mechanisms involved in the effect of HC on GH and
      PRL are unclear. The ability of HC to both stimulate and antagonize GH secretion
      points to multiple sites of action within the hypothalamic-pituitary axis.

PMID- 3402106
TI  - Dietary whey protein inhibits the development of dimethylhydrazine induced
      malignancy.
AB  - This study investigates the influence of two formula diets containing 20 g/100 g
      diet of either whey protein concentrate or casein or Purina mouse chow, on the
      humoral immune responsiveness and dimethylhydrazine induced colon carcinogenesis
      in A/J mice. After 20 weeks of dimethylhydrazine treatment, the number of plaque
      forming cells per spleen, following intravenous inoculation with 5 X 10(6) sheep
      red blood cells, was nearly three times greater in the whey protein-fed group
      than in the casein-fed mice although both values were substantially below normal.
      After 24 weeks of dimethylhydrazine treatment the incidence of tumors in the whey
      protein-fed mice was substantially lower than that in mice fed either the casein
      or Purina diet. Similarly, the tumor area was less in the whey protein group in
      comparison to either the casein or Purina groups, with some difference between
      casein and Purina groups. Body weight curves were similar in all dietary groups.
      In conclusion, a whey protein diet appears to significantly inhibit the incidence
      and growth of chemically induced colon tumors in mice.

PMID- 3402110
TI  - Abstracts. Annual meeting, Canadian Society for Clinical Investigation, The Royal
      College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada and participating societies. Ottawa,
      Canada, September 23-26, 1988.

PMID- 3402111
TI  - Prenatal diagnosis.

PMID- 3402108
TI  - Direct functional assessment of human osteoblasts by radioautography: methodology
      and application in end stage renal disease.
AB  - Fragments approximately 1 mm3 of freshly obtained iliac crest cancellous bone
      were incubated for 30 minutes at 37 degrees C in Krebs buffer containing 3H
      leucine or 3H-proline followed by radioautography. Grains per osteoblast,
      reflective of protein synthetic activity, were counted in normal controls and
      patients with end stage renal disease with or without significant aluminum
      storage in their bones. Compared with control the end stage renal disease
      patients without significant aluminum storage had more large osteoblasts with
      increased grain counts which were ascribed to secondary hyperparathyroidism.
      Cells from patients with greater than 30% surface aluminum had more small
      osteoblasts with grain counts intermediate between control and less than 2%
      aluminum, ascribed to an inhibitory effect of aluminum on the secondary
      hyperparathyroidism. Cell activity did not depend on location next to a
      tetracycline label or osteoid and it was suggested that all bone lining cells
      could be considered as osteoblasts. Aluminum storage was associated with impaired
      mineralisation in the presence of normal or increased osteoblastic protein
      synthetic activity suggesting that in these patients the mineralisation defect
      was not primarily due to an abnormality in osteoblast function.

PMID- 3402109
TI  - Rett syndrome: clinical profile and EEG abnormalities.
AB  - We studied 7 children with Rett Syndrome, characterized by behavioral and motor
      abnormalities which superficially resemble infantile autism, and reviewed the
      records of 4 adults with the same symptoms. Clinical details are discussed. No
      abnormalities were found in analyses of amino acids and biogenic amine
      metabolites. EEG showed a clear pattern of chronological deterioration, with the
      pattern of marked waking/sleep background contrast appearing consistently only
      after 5 years of age. There was also a high incidence of spike discharges in the
      central (Rolandic) region. The clinical pattern of Rett Syndrome should be
      differentiated from the syndrome of autism.

PMID- 3402113
TI  - A survey of prenatally diagnosed disorders.

PMID- 3402112
TI  - Legal aspects of prenatal diagnosis.

PMID- 3402115
TI  - Antibiotic use in gynecology.

PMID- 3402114
TI  - Ethical issues in prenatal diagnosis.

PMID- 3402116
TI  - Upper extremity fractures in the acute spinal cord injured patient.
AB  - Fifty-three long bone upper extremity fractures in 46 patients with recent spinal
      cord injuries were reviewed with reference to the outcome of operative versus
      nonoperative treatment. Twenty-four fractures had surgery and 29 fractures were
      treated nonoperatively. Criteria used in assessing outcome included range of
      motion, time to union, total rehabilitation time, and orthopedic and medical
      complications. Humeral fractures had similar outcomes with either operative or
      nonoperative treatment. Radial nerve injury occurring with humeral fractures
      prolonged the rehabilitation time. All three combined radial and ulnar fracture
      treated surgically developed synostosis whereas two of the three nonoperatively
      treated fractures had other orthopedic complications. Nondisplaced radial
      fractures responded appropriately to closed treatment. Displaced radial fractures
      treated nonoperatively had a high incidence of malunion. All ulnar fractures were
      treated operatively, and all achieved acceptable range of motion and fracture
      healing at the time of discharge. Medical complications such as deep venous
      thromboses and decubitus ulcers occurred more frequently in the nonoperatively
      treated group (28%) than in the operatively treated group (4%). Standard
      guidelines for upper extremity fracture care apply to the patient with a spinal
      cord injury. However, operative stabilization may be associated with a decreased
      risk of medical complications in these patients.

PMID- 3402117
TI  - Reflex sympathetic dystrophy in cervical spinal cord injury patients.
AB  - Sixty consecutive patients admitted to the spinal cord injury unit at a Downey,
      California medical center were evaluated for hand and upper extremity pain.
      Patients averaged nine months postinjury and had an average age of 37 years.
      Seven patients (11.7%) complained of diffuse hand pain, swelling, and stiffness.
      All patients with complaints were evaluated with three-phase radionuclide
      scintigraphy. Six of those seven patients had scintigrams consistent with reflex
      sympathetic dystrophy (RSD), an overall incidence of 10%. Three of these six
      patients were treated with stellate ganglion blocks, which gave relief of
      symptoms and allowed return to their rehabilitation program. An awareness of RSD
      as a cause of pain in spinal cord injured patients should lead to earlier
      recognition and treatment.

PMID- 3402118
TI  - Late complications of the weight-bearing upper extremity in the paraplegic
      patient.
AB  - Paraplegic patients rely almost exclusively on their upper extremities for weight
      bearing activities such as transfers and wheelchair propulsion. Eighty-four
      paraplegic patients whose injury level was T2 or below and who were at least one
      year from spinal cord injury were screened for upper extremity complaints. Fifty
      seven (67.8%) had complaints of pain in one or more areas of their upper
      extremities. The most common complaints were shoulder pain and/or pain relating
      to carpal tunnel syndrome. Twenty-five (30%) complained of shoulder pain during
      transfer activities. Symptoms were found to increase with time from injury. As
      the long-term survival of spinal cord injured patients continues to improve, an
      increased awareness of the complications of the weight-bearing upper extremity is
      necessary to keep these patients functioning in society.

PMID- 3402119
TI  - Peripheral nerve injuries in the adult with traumatic brain injury.
AB  - Fifty adult patients who sustained a traumatic brain injury (TBI) were screened
      for the presence of a peripheral nerve injury (PNI). All suspected patients had
      diagnostic electromyography performed in order to confirm the clinical findings.
      The incidence of PNI with TBI was 34%. A variety of nerve injuries were seen, the
      most frequent of which were ulnar nerve entrapment at the elbow (10%) and
      brachial plexus injuries (10%). No patient initiated a complaint that led to the
      diagnosis. In addition, all the neuropathies were missed prior to admission. The
      neuropathies commonly were found in the neurologically impaired extremity and
      associated with spasticity. The results of this study suggest that patients
      sustaining a TBI have a significant and higher incidence of PNI as a complication
      than previously reported.

PMID- 3402120
TI  - The postpolio syndrome. An overuse phenomenon.
AB  - Persons with good recovery of function following their initial poliomyelitis are
      now, more than 30 years later, experiencing new weakness, fatigue, and muscle
      pain. The likelihood of muscle overuse being the cause of this late functional
      loss was investigated by dynamic electromyography (EMG) and foot-switch stride
      analysis in 34 symptomatic patients. Manual testing grouped the muscles, with
      strong (S) encompassing Grades Good (G) and Normal (N) while weak (W) included
      Fair plus (F+) to zero (0). After testing quadriceps and calf strength, the
      patients fell into one of four classes: strong quadriceps and calf (SQ/SC),
      strong quadriceps and weak calf (SQ/WC), weak quadriceps and strong calf (WQ/SC),
      or combined weak quadriceps and calf (WQ/WC). Quantified EMG (normalized by the
      manual muscle test EMG) defined the mean duration and intensity of the
      quadriceps, soleus, lower gluteus maximus, and long head of the biceps femoris
      during walking. Overuse was defined as values greater than the laboratory normal
      (mean + 1 SD). Each muscle exhibited instances of overuse, normalcy, and sparing.
      The biceps femoris was the only muscle with dominant overuse (82%). Quadriceps
      overuse was next in frequency (53%). Soleus activity infrequently exceeded normal
      function (34%), but this still represented more than twice the intensity and
      duration of the other muscles. Gluteus maximus action was also seldom excessive
      (34%). The patients averaged two muscles with excessive use during walking. Gait
      velocity of the SQ/SC strong group was highest (71% of normal) while the three
      categories that included weak muscles had walking speeds in the range of 50% of
      normal. The finding of muscle overuse during a single free-speed walking test
      that does not attain normal velocity supports the concept of muscle overuse being
      the cause of the patient's dysfunction.

PMID- 3402121
TI  - Treatment of tumors of the cervical spine.
AB  - In 34 patients with primary or metastatic tumors of the cervical spine over a ten
      year period, the presenting symptom was neck pain. Eleven patients demonstrated
      evidence of radiculopathy, one a myelopathy, and three a combined
      myeloradiculopathy. Surgical stabilization, combined in eight cases with cord
      decompression, successfully relieved pain and prevented further neurologic
      deterioration in 17 of 18 patients with radioresistant tumors. Complications
      included two patients who were treated with short posterior fusions displacing as
      a result of tumors progressing above and below the fusion, and one patient in
      whom an anterior methacrylate mass became dislodged and appeared to jeopardize
      the esophagus. Methacrylate was used to augment the grafts posteriorly to
      facilitate early mobilization without the need for a halo splint. Mean patient
      survival was not significantly increased by surgical intervention (26 weeks vs.
      20 weeks). While most lesions of the cervical spine can best be managed by
      nonoperative methods, in selected patients long posterior fusion with wires and
      methacrylate appears successful in relieving pain, halting progress of neurologic
      deficits, and facilitating early mobilization.

PMID- 3402122
TI  - Traumatic division of the spinal cord demonstrated by magnetic resonance imaging.
      Report of two cases.
AB  - Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the spine is a new imaging technique that
      allows greater visualization of the spinal cord than other imaging modalities.
      This article reports on two cases of traumatic division of the spinal cord
      demonstrated by MRI. Both patients had complete transection of the spinal cord
      and did not have neurologic functional recovery distal to the spinal cord
      transection. MRI is applicable to diagnosis in acute conditions and to reveal
      division of the spinal cord, allowing prediction of an unlikely chance of
      neurologic recovery.

PMID- 3402123
TI  - Neurologic injury and recovery patterns in burst fractures at the T12 or L1
      motion segment.
AB  - Fourteen consecutive patients with burst fractures at T12 or L1, partial
      paralysis, and more than 30% canal compromise were prospectively evaluated
      pretreatment and posttreatment with roentgenograms to determine the initial
      fracture pattern, CT scans to determine the percent canal compromise and
      subsequent improvement, and a quantitative motor trauma index scale and bladder
      sphincter evaluation to determine neurologic recovery. The follow-up period
      averaged 32 months (range, 12-50 months). Treatment was as follows: nonoperative
      (three patients), Harrington rods and fusion (seven patients), and Harrington
      rods and fusion followed by anterior decompression and fusion (four patients).
      The initial severity of paralysis did not correlate with the initial fracture
      roentgenographic pattern or the amount of initial CT canal compromise. Neurologic
      recovery did not correlate with the treatment method or amount of canal
      decompression. Subsequent recovery did correlate with the initial fracture
      pattern. If the patient had a Type I or Type II fracture (both greater than 15
      degrees kyphosis), greater than 90% neurologic recovery occurred, regardless of
      treatment. If the patient had a Type III fracture (less than 15 degrees kyphosis
      and the maximal canal compromise where bone encircles the canal) less than 50%
      neurologic recovery occurred. If the patient had a Type IV fracture (less than or
      equal to 15 degrees kyphosis and the maximal canal compromise at the level of the
      ligamentum flavum), the neurologic recovery was variable. Prognosis for
      neurologic recovery can be made based on initial roentgenograms. If greater than
      15 degrees kyphosis is present, there is a good prognosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3402124
TI  - Anterior decompression and stabilization of the spine as a treatment for
      vertebral collapse and spinal cord compression from metastatic malignancy.
AB  - During a ten-year period, 77 patients with spinal instability caused by
      metastatic pathologic fractures of one or more vertebrae were treated with
      anterior decompression and stabilization by replacement of the affected vertebral
      bodies with methylmethacrylate, polymerizing in situ, augmented by Knodt
      distraction rods positioned anteriorly. No postoperative external support was
      required, and the fixation achieved by this method was not affected adversely by
      subsequent irradiation at a mean of 4020 rads. Sixty-two patients had major
      neurologic impairments preoperatively and required spinal cord and/or nerve root
      decompression anteriorly prior to fixation. Of these, 26 had complete neurologic
      recovery postoperatively, 16 others improved significantly, 20 remained
      unchanged, and one patient deteriorated neurologically. Five patients suffered
      failures of fixation, although two were successfully restabilized after a second
      operation. The remaining 72 patients enjoyed good or excellent resolution of
      spine pain postoperatively, and, in patients surviving their underlying
      malignancies, stability did not deteriorate during the follow-up period ranging
      from 42 to 146 months. Six patients developed spinal instability from tumor lysis
      at a different level between five and 95 months postoperatively. All were treated
      with successful decompression and stabilization. There was one wound infection
      among the 83 anterior stabilization procedures. However, three of the six
      patients requiring secondary posterior stabilization suffered wound dehiscences,
      and three of these became infected.

PMID- 3402125
TI  - The surgical treatment of chronic lateral humeral epicondylitis by common
      extensor release.
AB  - This retrospective study reports on the surgical treatment of chronic lateral
      epicondylitis. Thirty-four elbows were followed for an average of four years
      after surgery. Only those patients with persistent or recurrent local pain and
      muscle weakness, nonresponsive to conservative measures for at least six months,
      were considered for surgery. A complete release of the common extensor tendon
      permitted about a 1-cm distal muscle slide to a new resting length. The results
      indicate 73% excellent, 18% good, and 9% failures. Complete pain relief was
      obtained in 25 of 34 (73%) elbows, and eight of 33 (24%) had minimal residual
      symptoms that did not impair activity. There was no loss of range of motion in
      any patient, and 33 of 34 (97%) elbows had improved extremity muscle strength.
      All but one patient (97%) returned to their regular jobs on the average of five
      weeks after surgery. The gross and histologic findings were consistent with a
      degenerative process. This relatively simple outpatient procedure using Bier
      block anesthesia is recommended for carefully selected patients.

PMID- 3402126
TI  - The elbow flexion test. A clinical test for the cubital tunnel syndrome.
AB  - The elbow flexion test is a little known, inadequately standardized, and poorly
      understood clinical test for the cubital tunnel syndrome. To evaluate and define
      this test, 13 patients with clinical and electrophysiologic evidence of cubital
      tunnel syndrome were tested with elbow flexion in a standardized manner. This
      consisted of full elbow flexion with full extension of the wrists for three
      minutes. All patients noted the onset of or the increase in one or more of the
      symptoms of pain, numbness, or tingling with this test. Numbness and tingling
      followed the sensory distribution of the ulnar nerve, but pain was not limited to
      the ulnar nerve distribution. The symptom complex, rapid onset, and rapid
      resolution of symptoms support a locally induced segmental ulnar nerve ischemia
      as the cause of symptoms. This study demonstrates the elbow flexion test to be a
      useful, reliable, and provocative test for the cubital tunnel syndrome.

PMID- 3402127
TI  - Late compression neuropathies after Colles' fractures.
AB  - Conservative management of 166 Colles' fractures was associated with a 12% rate
      of late compression neuropathies (mean follow-up period, 28 months). Compression
      of the median nerve (8%) was twice as common as ulnar nerve compression (4%).
      Eighty-five percent of the patients with median nerve compression had malunion
      with radial collapse with or without other deformities (dorsal angulation/radial
      displacement). Patients with ulnar nerve compression had either malunion with
      radial collapse or volar subluxation of the ulnar head in those fractures that
      healed with dorsal angulation. Patients without nerve complications showed a
      significantly lower rate of malunions. These results demonstrate that anatomic
      derangements play a role in the development of late compression neuropathies
      following Colles' fractures.

PMID- 3402128
TI  - Compartmental syndrome complicating Salter-Harris type II distal radius fracture.
AB  - Distal radius fractures are common in children, yet complications are rare. A
      rarely described complication, acute volar compartmental syndrome, occurred in a
      15-year-old boy. An accurate physical examination and awareness of the syndrome
      are essential for diagnosis. Compartmental pressures can be obtained easily and
      afford a rapid means of corroboration. Once the diagnosis is established,
      adequate decompression of all involved compartments, including carpal tunnel
      release, is essential. The literature is unclear regarding the etiology of this
      complication. There is nothing structurally intrinsic to the distal radius that
      should lead to a compartmental syndrome. Both the amount of soft tissue damage at
      the time of fracture and the mode of immobilization (excessive elevation,
      constricting splint, etc.) are the ultimate determinants of a successful (or
      unsuccessful) outcome.

PMID- 3402129
TI  - Monteggia-type elbow fractures in childhood.
AB  - In an analysis of 29 cases of three different Monteggia-type fractures in
      children, the mechanism of injury was a hyperpronation force on the extended
      elbow. The follow-up period ranged from one to three years with a mean of 18
      months. Closed reduction of these fractures was always difficult to maintain
      because the lesions are unstable. Closed reduction was successful in 25 of the 29
      cases and open reduction was required in four. A slight residual dorsal
      angulation remained in 18 cases with fracture of both bones of the forearm, but
      healing in this position was acceptable.

PMID- 3402131
TI  - The effect of vascularization on avian flexor tendon repair. A biochemical study.
AB  - Although it has been demonstrated in experimental animals that vascular perfusion
      functions less effectively than diffusion as a nutrient pathway to the uninjured
      flexor tendon, it is recognized that the nutritional requirements of an injured
      flexor tendon may be different. The present study examines several biochemical
      parameters of avian flexor tendon repair, during a six-week period, in the
      presence of an intact vinculum longum and with the vinculum longum ligated.
      Formation of collagen/noncollagen protein, glycosaminoglycan synthesis, and
      tissue levels of both DNA and hexosamine were quantified. The absence of the
      vincular blood supply did not affect the levels of total DNA and hexosamine, did
      not alter the pattern of either protein or glycosaminoglycan formation in the
      early healing phase, and did not impair the overall synthesis of collagen and
      noncollagen protein throughout the six-week study period. However, the pattern of
      collagen and noncollagen protein synthesis differed in lacerated tendons during
      the period of repair; noncollagen protein synthesis peaked at ten days, while
      collagen synthesis increased uniformly throughout the 42-day period of study.
      There was a notable decrease in total matrix hydroxyproline (collagen) during
      repair, which continued throughout the entire first three weeks after laceration.
      Thus, the actual percentage of collagen synthesis decreased during the first
      three weeks of repair and began to return to its normal uninjured level by the
      sixth week.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3402130
TI  - Fluoride and bovine bone extract influence cell proliferation and phosphatase
      activities in human bone cell cultures.
AB  - The effects of fluoride (20 mumol/L) and bovine bone extract (17 micrograms/ml)
      were determined on cultures of human bone cells, embryonic chick bone cells, and
      human skin fibroblasts. The incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA was measured
      16 hours after the addition of factors. After three to five days treatment,
      Triton X-100 extracts of the cells were assayed for acid phosphatase activity, in
      the presence and absence of tartrate, and for alkaline phosphatase activity.
      Fluoride stimulated [3H]thymidine incorporation and specific activity of alkaline
      phosphatase in human bone cells and chick bone cells but not in human skin cells.
      Fluoride also stimulated the cell population doubling rate of the human bone
      cells with an optimum of approximately 20 mumol/L. Bovine bone extract stimulated
      thymidine uptake into DNA several-fold and decreased alkaline phosphatase
      activity in all three types of cultured cells. The specific activity of tartrate
      resistant acid phosphatase was increased in bone cells but not in skin
      fibroblasts. These results suggest that fluoride specifically stimulates the
      proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts, while the growth factors in
      bovine bone extract primarily stimulate proliferation of bone cells. Cultures of
      human bone cells respond similarly to chick calvarial cells when treated with
      fluoride or bovine bone extract.

PMID- 3402132
TI  - Dielectric properties of fluid-saturated bone.

PMID- 3402133
TI  - [Electrophysiological ring finger splitting (ERFS) in carpal tunnel syndrome].

PMID- 3402134
TI  - [Contributing factors to the development of congenital myotonic dystrophy].

PMID- 3402136
TI  - [A case of acute myelo-polyneuritis with marked dysautonomia].

PMID- 3402135
TI  - [Pulsed magnetic stimulation of human motor cortex of foot region].

PMID- 3402137
TI  - [An autopsy case of MELAS (mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic
      acidosis and strokelike episode)].

PMID- 3402138
TI  - [Cheiro-oral syndrome involving the bilateral corners of the mouth: two cases of
      pontine hemorrhage].

PMID- 3402140
TI  - [MRI study of hemiparesis without ataxia].

PMID- 3402139
TI  - [Antibody against synthetic peptide corresponding to alpha-subunit residues 128
      142 of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR): the significance in myasthenia
      gravis (MG)].

PMID- 3402141
TI  - [Muscle weakness of the upper arms in the last trimester of administering
      digitalis].

PMID- 3402143
TI  - Thyroid carcinoma masquerading as a solitary benign hyperfunctioning nodule.
AB  - Focal hot nodules on iodine thyroid images are associated with an exceedingly low
      incidence of malignancy. Most previously reported hot carcinomas represent the
      coexistence of small malignancies in or adjacent to a benign hot lesion.
      Described here is a 3-cm papillary carcinoma that fulfilled the criteria for
      benignancy on Tc-99m and I-123 imaging. Coincidental carcinoma within a benign
      lesion was excluded by detailed scintigraphic-pathologic correlation of the
      tumor. The implications of this case on the management of the solitary hot nodule
      are discussed and the literature reviewed.

PMID- 3402142
TI  - Anterior dynamic imaging of the liver and spleen.
AB  - Anterior dynamic imaging of the abdomen was performed in 870 patients using a
      large field-of-view (LFOV) gamma camera. Sequential images were obtained
      immediately after the injection of Tc-99m sulfur colloid (Tc-99m SC) in an
      antecubital vein for liver-spleen imaging and was followed by standard planar
      images. This provided additional information in 172 cases (20%), including such
      findings as determination of the lesion's vascularity in 76 (9%), visualization
      of abnormal portal blood flow in 53 (6%), and detection of abnormalities in the
      aorta, inferior vena cava, iliac vessels, or kidneys in 43 (5%) of these
      patients. This procedure is recommended in all patients undergoing liver-spleen
      imaging.

PMID- 3402144
TI  - False-positive iodine-131 body scan caused by a large renal cyst.
AB  - Focal I-131 accumulation is generally a reliable indicator of functioning thyroid
      tissue or a differentiated thyroid cancer metastasis. Normal accumulation of
      activity may be seen in areas such as the intestinal tract, liver, and salivary
      glands. This report describes a patient with significant accumulation of I-131 in
      the right upper quadrant of the abdomen. The abnormality, first thought to
      represent metastatic thyroid carcinoma, was subsequently proven to be
      accumulation within a large renal cyst.

PMID- 3402145
TI  - Radioiodide imaging of struma cordis.
AB  - This is the first reported case in which struma cordis was demonstrated with
      radionuclide imaging. A 56-year-old white woman underwent surgical excision of a
      benign intracardiac thyroid mass (struma cordis). Subsequent radionuclide imaging
      with I-123 sodium iodide and Tc-99m labeled red blood cells demonstrated a normal
      cervical thyroid gland as well as a focus of activity in the mediastinum
      consistent with intracardiac thyroid.

PMID- 3402146
TI  - Technetium-99m MDP imaging of acute radiation-induced inflammation.
AB  - Tc-99m MDP three-phase bone imaging demonstrated the acute hyperemic inflammatory
      soft tissue phase of radiation injury to the hand in a patient receiving
      radiation therapy to bone lesions of multiple myeloma.

PMID- 3402147
TI  - Ventilation abnormalities associated with pulmonary embolism.
AB  - A retrospective analysis of 2035 lung images performed over approximately 5 years
      revealed abnormal ventilation coexisting with pulmonary embolism in 18 patients.
      Matching ventilation perfusion defects may be associated with pulmonary embolism
      without infarction. In patients with a high clinical suspicion of acute pulmonary
      embolism and matching V/Q abnormalities, an angiogram may be necessary to
      definitely exclude the diagnosis.

PMID- 3402148
TI  - Colonic localization of indium-111 labeled leukocytes in active Behcet's disease.
AB  - A patient with known Behcet's disease demonstrated intense colonic localization
      of In-111 labeled leukocytes. Gastrointestinal involvement had not been
      previously manifested, but extensive colonic inflammation was documented by
      endoscopy. This case illustrates the utility of In-111 labeled leukocyte imaging
      for detecting active bowel disease in a debilitated patient with documented
      Behcet's vasculitis.

PMID- 3402149
TI  - Acute bleeding from a gastric ulcer in an infant evaluated by technetium-99m RBC
      imaging.

PMID- 3402150
TI  - Agenesis of the gallbladder. A rare cause for a false-positive hepatobiliary
      image.

PMID- 3402151
TI  - Striking visualization of an A-V dialysis shunt on bone imaging.

PMID- 3402152
TI  - An extrabiliary cause of cholescintigraphic nonvisualization of the gallbladder:
      bile peritonitis.

PMID- 3402153
TI  - Acute gastroenteritis: clinical features according to etiologic agents.
AB  - The clinical manifestations in 595 children hospitalized with gastroenteritis
      during a 15-month time frame were studied. They were divided into eight groups
      according to etiologic agent: rotavirus (203 patients); Salmonellae (98);
      Escherichia coli (55); Campylobacter (36); Shigella (22); combined rotavirus and
      salmonellae (44); combined rotavirus and other bacteria (26); and no pathogen
      (111). The mean duration of diarrhea was shortest in the rotavirus and "no
      pathogen" groups (4.8 and 5.6 days, respectively) and longest with pure and mixed
      salmonella infections (12.3 and 12.9 days, respectively). Associated
      manifestations were most frequent with salmonellae and least frequent with
      rotavirus and E. coli infections. Malnutrition also was most common with
      salmonellae and lowest with rotavirus and E. coli. There were no differences in
      the frequency of hypernatremia. Hyponatremia was most frequently encountered with
      salmonella (25% compared to 9% in the rest of the patients). Evidence of
      septicemia was found in 22 patients, 21 of whom were in the salmonella groups.
      The four deaths in this series (0.7%) also were in the salmonellae groups. The
      clinical severity of salmonella infection in developing countries, particularly
      in young and malnourished children, warrants attention to more intensive
      management. The selective use of antibiotics may help reduce the mortality and
      morbidity of gastroenteritis.

PMID- 3402155
TI  - The relationship of lactic dehydrogenase to epithelial cells in the urine of
      normal neonates.
AB  - Urinary lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzyme assays in 20 female and 15 male
      normal newborn infants during the first 3 days of life revealed higher levels
      than in older populations and a tendency toward a "slow zone pattern"
      (predominance of isoenzymes 4 and 5). Total LDH and LDH-5 activities were higher
      in the female (33.2 +/- 5.2 and 12.4 +/- 2.8 mU/mL, respectively), than in the
      male population (9.7 +/- 2.2 and 1.0 +/- 0.3 mU/mL, respectively). The amount of
      LDH correlated with the presence of epithelial cells in the urine that also were
      prominent in female patients and were apparently derived from the vagina.
      Separation of epithelial cells by centrifugation and filtration decreased total
      LDH and isoenzyme activities in the remaining sample, while sonification of the
      resuspended cells increased TLDH and LDH-5 activities by 6- and 12-fold
      respectively. Saline washings of the perineum and vagina revealed large numbers
      of epithelial cells and similar LDH isoenzyme patterns suggesting that
      contamination of the urine with these cells is a frequent occurrence during
      collection of voided and/or bag urine samples, and that these cells are
      responsible for much of the LDH activity found in the urine. We conclude that
      epithelial cells can increase both total LDH and isoenzyme activity in voided
      urine samples from otherwise normal female neonates. In this age group, urine
      collected by other methods (catheterization or suprapubic aspiration) must be
      studied to minimize the possibility of contamination of the sample with
      epithelial cells from the vagina or the perineum or both.

PMID- 3402154
TI  - Management of hypernatremic dehydration due to insufficient lactation.
AB  - Critical malnutrition and hypernatremic dehydration resulting from inadequate
      breast-feeding have previously been reported; the finding of elevated sodium
      concentration in expressed samples of mother's milk from these infants is found
      concurrently. This is the first case report describing successful relactation
      following management of hypernatremic dehydration in a breast-fed infant.
      Mother's milk was of inadequate volume and had a high sodium content. Treatment
      of the primary cause of this disorder, insufficient lactation, was effective in
      allowing successful relactation; a nursing supplementer is described.

PMID- 3402156
TI  - Pseudo-osteomyelitis in Niemann-Pick disease.

PMID- 3402157
TI  - Encopresis responsive to non-psychiatric interventions. With remittance of
      familial psychopathology.
AB  - A case report of an adolescent with primary encopresis is presented in which the
      patient responded to standard medical interventions despite apparent significant
      psychopathology in the child and family. Psychological symptoms proved to be
      secondary and resolved with successful medical treatment and with attending to
      other concerns, such as this patient's school problems. Behavioral and medical
      literature related to encopresis is reviewed. It indicates that encopresis is
      associated more consistently with physiological abnormalities of the bowel rather
      than definable psychological disorders.

PMID- 3402158
TI  - Relation of noninvasive parameters and pulmonary artery mean pressure in patients
      with chronic obstructive lung disease.
AB  - A series of 31 patients with various degrees of chronic obstructive pulmonary
      disease (COPD) underwent radionuclide ventriculography with right heart
      catheterization. The patients were divided into 2 groups on the basis of their
      reduction in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1). In patients with FEV1
      greater than or equal to 1,300 ml (group 1) the oxygen partial pressure (PaO2)
      did not significantly change with exercise, while in patients with FEV1 less than
      or equal to 1,200 ml (group 2) the PaO2 significantly decreased (p less than
      0.05) with exercise. The groups were significantly different from each other as
      to the correlation between hemodynamic and noninvasive parameters. In the resting
      state, the correlation between pulmonary artery mean pressure (PAP) and both
      residual volume to total lung capacity (RV/TLC) and PaO2 was close only in group
      2. By contrast, the right ventricular end diastolic wall thickness (RWD)
      correlated closely with PAP in both groups. With exercise close correlations were
      observed between PAP and the noninvasive parameters: RWD, PaO2 and right
      ventricular ejection fraction in both groups. Arterial CO2 partial pressure
      (PaCO2) was only increased (greater than or equal to 45 mm Hg) in group 2. This
      parameter correlated moderately closely with PAP both in the resting and the
      exercise state only in group 2. The predictive value of PaCO2 greater than or
      equal to 45 mm Hg for estimation of PAP greater than 35 mm Hg during exercise was
      100%. We conclude that separation of patients with COPD into groups with
      different impairments of the lung function parameter FEV1 can improve the
      correlation coefficients between noninvasive and invasive parameters. The
      exercise values obviously correlate more closely than the resting values. An
      increased value of echocardiographically determined RWD seems to be a reliable
      parameter for prediction of PAP.

PMID- 3402159
TI  - Collagen biosynthesis in a case of infantile myofibromatosis.
AB  - Cells from a skin nodule from a patient with a recurrent form of familial
      myofibromatosis were cultivated in vitro. A metabolic study showed that these
      cells behaved like fibroblasts with collagen synthesis, a normal percentage of
      type III collagen, hydroxylation rate and the ability to contract a collagen gel.
      The main disturbances were the decreased synthesis and increased cell
      multiplication rate after a lag phase. This behavior was compared with that of a
      fibroblast culture from normal skin.

PMID- 3402160
TI  - Erythrocyte hexose monophosphate shunt is intact in healthy aged humans.
AB  - The integrity of the erythrocyte (RBC) hexose monophosphate shunt was
      investigated in a group of 33 healthy elderly individuals by determining their
      RBC glutathione content, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity and
      glutathione regeneration. When these parameters were compared with those of the
      controls, 44 young healthy adults, no significant differences were found. This
      study indicates that the RBC hexose monophosphate shunt in healthy elderly
      individuals is intact. Factors other than senescence per se should be sought in
      elderly individuals who exhibit dysfunction of this shunt.

PMID- 3402161
TI  - The extended Pedersen hypothesis.
AB  - The Pedersen hypothesis of fetal macrosomia in neonates born to diabetic mothers
      has been extended. In neonates born to gestational diabetic mothers, it is
      suggested that an intrinsic fetal pancreatic beta-cell hyperplasia 'pulls'
      glucose across the placenta, i.e. assists in glycemic control of the mother. The
      initial increase in fetal size due to fetal hyperinsulinism gives rise to
      developing hypoxemia, and the limitation in fetal oxygen availability alters
      differential tissue utilization of glucose, increases alpha-glycerophosphate
      synthesis in fetal adipocytes, and gives rise to a further increase in fetal
      adiposity.

PMID- 3402162
TI  - Biochemical changes in hereditary progressive muscular dystrophies. Defect of
      protein synthesis in fibroblasts, muscle tissues and blood cells.
AB  - 80S ribosomes and ribosomal subunits were isolated from fibroblasts, muscle
      tissues and blood cells of patients with different muscular dystrophies (MD) as
      well as of controls and were used for in vitro measurement of ribosomal protein
      synthesis (RPS) in a poly(U)-directed polyphenylalanine synthesis system. The
      activity of ribosomes from the patients showed a disease-dependent decrease
      compared to normal controls. Examination of hybrid 80S ribosomes consisting of
      40S and 60S subunits of patients and the corresponding control cells revealed
      that the loss of RPS activity was related to one or both of the ribosomal
      subunits depending on the type of MD.

PMID- 3402163
TI  - Influence of chronic diabetes on tissue and blood cells status of zinc, copper,
      and chromium in the rat.
AB  - The influence of chronic diabetes on zinc, copper and chromium status in the
      urine, plasma, liver, kidney, bone, muscle, lymphocytes and erythrocytes was
      investigated in rats 180 days after streptozotocin injection, in comparison to
      age matched normal rats. The concentration and tissue content of zinc and copper
      were increased significantly in the liver, femur, erythrocyte and lymphocyte of
      the diabetic rats in addition to an increase in their urinary loss. In contrast,
      the concentration of zinc, copper and chromium in the kidney of the diabetic rats
      and the concentration of copper in the muscle and of chromium in the liver of the
      diabetic rats were similar to those of the normal rats. There was also a marked
      deficiency of zinc in the muscle and of chromium in the bone of the diabetic
      rats. The potential significance of altered trace metal metabolism during long
      term changes in endocrine status, and the possible explanation and significance
      of the variable concentrations of essential metals in different organs of
      streptozotocin induced chronic diabetic rats is discussed. The importance of
      erythrocyte and leukocyte zinc concentration as a mirror to their relative
      concentration in other tissue of animals and humans with type I diabetes is
      raised.

PMID- 3402164
TI  - Increased histamine in plasma and tissues in diabetic rats.
AB  - In view of the previous observation that the histamine content of the aorta in
      rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus is increased significantly
      over that in controls, we have investigated the effect of experimental diabetes
      on the histamine content of the plasma, the aorta, the kidney, the heart, the
      lung and the brain. Our data show that the histamine content of the plasma, the
      aorta, the heart, the kidney, the lung and the brain is significantly greater in
      diabetic rats than that found in controls. This increase in plasma and tissue
      histamine content may contribute to the increase in capillary and endothelial
      permeability known to occur in diabetes, and may have a role to play in the
      pathogenesis of diabetic micro- and macroangiopathy.

PMID- 3402165
TI  - Interferon responsiveness of natural killer cells in type I human diabetes.
AB  - Abnormally low circulating numbers and function of NK cells are associated with
      new onset type I diabetes. Since alpha interferon is a stimulator of NK function,
      enriched T and non-T lymphocytes were incubated with 0, 100 and 1,000 units/ml of
      recombinant alpha interferon (rIFN alpha) and natural killing against K562 and
      pancreatic islet cell targets was measured. The killing of K562 (1:20
      target:effector ratio) cells by non-T cells incubated with 0, 100 and 1,000
      units/ml of rIFN alpha in patients was decreased to 27% (p less than 0.014 vs
      control), 34% (p less than 0.001) and 39% (p less than 0.003) when compared to
      killing by normal control non-T cells (48%, 74% and 58% respectively). T cell
      mediated killing of K562 cells in patients was decreased to 3.9% (p less than
      0.03), 5.3% and 6.6% (p less than 0.003) when compared to that of controls (8.7%,
      10-8% and 22.6% respectively). Non-T cell mediated killing of islet cells (1:20
      target:effector ratio) following treatment of effector cells with 0, 100 and
      1,000 units/ml of rIFN alpha in patients was 19%, 27%, and 26% which was
      comparable to control subjects killing of 31%, 18% and 37% respectively. Similar
      data were obtained using T-cells as effectors. These data indicate that in new
      onset type I diabetes; (a) NK cell functional activity is diminished in both T
      and non-T lymphocyte subpopulations and (b) NK activity is suboptimally enhanced
      with rIFN alpha.

PMID- 3402167
TI  - Discrepancy of fasting plasma glucagon levels measured by different glucagon
      antisera.
AB  - To investigate the possible discrepancy between immunoreactive glucagon (IRG)
      levels measured by two glucagon-specific antisera, OAL-123 and 30K, fasting
      plasma IRG levels were measured in 30 diabetics (DM group), 56 patients with
      impaired glucose tolerance (IGT group) and 96 normal subjects (normal group). The
      fasting plasma IRG measured by OAL-123 (OAL-IRG) in DM, IGT and normal groups
      were 121 +/- 53, 125 +/- 43 and 119 +/- 57 pg/ml, whereas the fasting plasma IRG
      measured by 30K (30K-IRG) were 109 +/- 92, 92 +/- 44 and 91 +/- 68 pg/ml,
      respectively. There was no significant difference in the distribution of the
      fasting IRG levels among DM, IGT and normal groups. Although there was a
      statistically significant correlation between OAL- and 30K-IRG, their correlation
      coefficient was as small as 0.29, and 31 of 182 cases showed a large discrepancy
      exceeding 100 pg/ml between the two IRG values. The OAL- and 30K-IRG measured
      again six months later did not show a significant change, where the first and
      second IRG levels showed a good correlation (0.72 and 0.83 for OAL- and 30K-IRG,
      both p less than 0.001). The gel chromatography of the 14 plasma with fasting OAL
      IRG higher than 200 pg/ml showed that the main contributor to the fasting IRG was
      the component of big plasma glucagon (BPG). These data suggest that there is a
      significant discrepancy in the fasting plasma IRG levels measured by the
      different glucagon antisera and that the discrepancy is caused by the different
      immunoreactivity of BPG to the different glucagon antisera.

PMID- 3402168
TI  - Abnormalities of glucose metabolism induced by liver cirrhosis and glycosylated
      hemoglobin levels in chronic liver disease.
AB  - The prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and diabetes mellitus (DM)
      such as defined by National Diabetes Data Group criteria, and glycosylated
      hemoglobin levels were assessed in a series of consecutive patients who had
      chronic active hepatitis (CAH) or cirrhosis in the absence of any known
      diabetogenic risk factors and who had normal fasting glycemic levels. Based on
      oral glucose tolerance test, the prevalence of IGT (15%) and DM (27%) in
      cirrhosis was significantly higher (p less than 0.005) than that observed in CAH
      (0%) and controls (0%). In contrast, HbA1 levels were not statistically different
      in cirrhotic patients (with normal or altered glucose tolerance) as compared with
      CAH and control subjects. IN CONCLUSION: (a) HbA1 is an unsatisfactory test in
      the diagnosis of altered glucose tolerance in patients with cirrhosis, and (b)
      Cirrhosis (but not CAH) represents itself a risk factor for the development of
      glucose metabolism alterations. Therefore, routine oral glucose tolerance testing
      is warranted in these patients.

PMID- 3402166
TI  - Metabolism of albumin and fibrinogen in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes
      mellitus.
AB  - The metabolism of albumin and fibrinogen was studied in 24 long-term diabetic
      Type 1 (insulin-dependent) patients, using a double tracer technique. The
      patients were divided into three groups according to their urinary albumin
      excretion. Group 1 had normal albumin excretion (less than 30 mg/24 h), group 2
      had persistent microalbuminuria (30-300 mg/24 h), and group 3 had clinical
      nephropathy (greater than 300 mg/24 h). Eight normal persons served as control
      subjects. Except for slightly lower distribution fractions of both proteins
      (intravascular mass/total mass), group 1 did not differ from normal subjects. In
      groups 2 and 3 the relative catabolism of albumin was increased, as denoted by an
      increase in the fractional catabolic rate. Albumin synthesis was unaltered,
      resulting in lower plasma concentrations and lower intravascular and total body
      masses of albumin. Oppositely, fibrinogen synthesis was augmented, leading to an
      increase in plasma fibrinogen concentration and total fibrinogen body mass, in
      spite of increased catabolism. The fractional catabolic rates were unaltered. The
      study demonstrates that long-term diabetic patients with normal urinary albumin
      excretion have normal albumin and fibrinogen metabolism, but that grave
      alterations in plasma protein metabolism are present in patients with only
      slightly increased urinary albumin excretion.

PMID- 3402169
TI  - Coagulation factors of contact phase of haemostasis are normal in well-controlled
      type-I diabetic patients despite presence of diabetic retinopathy.
AB  - Alterations of plasma coagulation factors have been reported in diabetic patients
      with severe microangiopathy and metabolic derangement. No information is
      available, however, for well-controlled type-I diabetic patients. Thus, we
      studied coagulation factors of the contact phase and inhibitors in 80 fairly well
      controlled diabetics (42 female, 38 male, age 28 +/- 11 SD years). Mean HbA1c in
      these patients was 6.6 +/- 1.0 SD, duration of diabetes ranged from 6 months to
      30 years, and 36% had retinopathy shown by fluorescein angiography. The well
      controlled diabetic patients did not differ from controls in terms of the
      activity of prekallikrein, factor XII, high molecular weight kininogen,
      kallikrein inhibitor, C-1-esterase inhibitor and antithrombin III. Only alpha-2
      macroglobulin, an inhibitor of the contact phase of blood coagulation, was
      elevated significantly in these patients (p less than 0.05). Diabetics with
      retinopathy had similar activities of prekallikrein, factor XII, high molecular
      weight kininogen, kallikrein inhibitor, c-1-esterase inhibitor and antithrombin
      III when compared with patients without retinopathy and controls respectively.
      alpha-2-macroglobulin did not differ in patients with and without diabetic
      retinopathy but were significantly elevated in both groups compared with
      controls. Correlation analysis showed significant positive correlation between
      HbA1c and the activity of high molecular weight kininogen, kallikrein inhibitor
      and alpha-2-macroglobulin. In patients with poor metabolic control (n = 11; 6
      female, 5 male; age 25 +/- 5 SD years; HbA1C 10.7 +/- 0.9) prekallikrein (p less
      than 0.05), kallikrein inhibitor (p less than 0.005) and alpha-2-macroglobulin (p
      less than 0.005) were significantly elevated compared to the controls.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3402170
TI  - [A new method of automatic cartography of EEG and evoked potentials. An addition
      to digital imaging diagnosis?].
AB  - We give an overview of historical development, methodology and clinical
      applications of a recently developed device for mapping multichannel EEG,
      spectral EEG and Evoked Potentials and displaying results as color-coded maps of
      electrical brain function within contours of a head. The option of mapping
      results of statistic analysis provides broad application to brain diseases,
      especially psychopathologic disorders of organic origin not detectable by any
      other imaging procedures.

PMID- 3402172
TI  - [Gradients of echo sequences with extended repetition time in the diagnosis of
      bone marrow changes in the spine].
AB  - Hitherto T1-weighted Spin-Echo-Sequences, most combined with T2-weighted
      sequences, were used to detect pathological bone marrow lesions. This method
      needs a long examination time and results in T2-images with a low morphological
      resolution. In the majority of examinations using Gradient-Echo-Sequences with
      prolonged repetition-times (FLASH: flip angle 40 degrees, TR/TE = 500/17 msec)
      there is no need of an additional measurement. Therefore these sequences save
      about 75% of the examination time and they give higher contrast between normal
      and pathological bone marrow.

PMID- 3402174
TI  - [Dislocations and fractures of the ossicles--high resolution computerized
      tomography of the petrous bone].
AB  - As in traumatology of the head the HR-CT of the injured petrous bone is now the
      imaging method of choice. With axial and coronary slices one can show not only
      the different parts of the ear but also the course of the facial nerve and
      particularly the ossicles in the tympanon. The fractures are nice to show, also
      the soft tissue lesions like brainprolaps in the tympanon or hematotympanon
      because of the better density resolution in comparison to the conventional
      tomography with rather higher radiation dose especially for the eye lenses.
      Important are the slice thickness of 1.5 mm with special examination technique,
      that also small fractures of the pyramid particularly the labyrinthous organ and
      of the ossicles mostly associated with dislocations are detectable. Regarding
      that with the clinical possibilities there are particular consequences for the
      otosurgeon. The ossicular dislocations of other than traumatic cause are rare.

PMID- 3402171
TI  - [Intra-arterial flow phenomena in spin echo procedures of magnetic resonance
      imaging and in transesophageal 2-dimensional echocardio- graphy].
AB  - In 10 pts. with mitral valve lesions dense spontaneous echographic contrast was
      found within the left atrium by transoesophageal echocardiography. Because of the
      neurologic symptoms some of the patients also had (transitoric ischemic attacks,
      embolism) left atrial thrombosis was suspected. The echographic phenomenon of
      spontaneous left atrial contrast was further examined by magnetic resonance
      imaging in all 10 pts. Using the spin-echo-mode the multi-echo-imaging showed
      dense signals in the second echo and no or few left atrial signals in the first
      echo in 8/10 pts. In 2/10 pts. there were no increased signals in left atrium.
      The missing presence of the increased signals in the first echo excluded
      thrombosis of the left atrium and proved blood flow effects.

PMID- 3402173
TI  - [Magnetic resonance studies of sex, age and disease relations of iron deposits in
      the brain].
AB  - Using a 1.5 Tesla super-conducting magnet T2 weighted images of the brain not
      seldom exhibit a reduced signal intensity in the region of the basal ganglia as
      an expression of increased iron deposits in these regions. We examined 180
      patients (a control group, and groups of patients with vascular, inflammatory or
      tumorous disease of the brain) in order to answer the question whether the T2
      relaxation times of the basal ganglia show a correlation to age, sex and the
      disease of the patient. We measured a significant decrease of the T2-relaxation
      times in women compared to men in the region of the basal ganglia. We observed
      increased T2-relaxation times in the region of basal ganglia with aging in the
      control group. We were able to show disease-specific alterations in the iron
      distributions in the region of the basal ganglia in patients with vascular and
      inflammatory disorders of the brain.

PMID- 3402175
TI  - [Dynamic computerized tomography with contrast medium for improved
      differentiation between benign and malignant liver lesions].
AB  - Prolonged dynamic CT up to 32 minutes after intravenous bolus injection of 100 ml
      contrast medium improves the differentiation between benign (hemangiomas) and
      malignant (metastases) liver lesions. Our study shows that there are three
      distinct types of hemangiomas and that all three of them behave differently than
      metastases. Prolonged dynamic improves the problem of differentiation between
      hemangiomas and metastases but does not solve the problem completely.

PMID- 3402176
TI  - Evidence for similarity in testosterone levels in haplotype identical brothers.
AB  - An analysis of 89 male sibling pairs from multicase rheumatoid arthritis families
      demonstrated an association between HLA and serum testosterone levels. In sibling
      pairs that were haplotype identical, the mean inter-pair difference in
      testosterone level expressed as a log ratio was significantly less than sibling
      pairs sharing neither haplotype (p = 0.03). This difference was independent of
      the RA status of the pairs. These results suggest the presence of a gene(s)
      controlling testosterone levels linked to the Major Histocompatibility Complex
      (MHC) on chromosome 6. These findings may aid understanding of the roles of HLA
      antigens and sex hormones in the susceptibility to RA and other autoimmune
      disease.

PMID- 3402177
TI  - Midazolam sedation and amnesia in elective cardioversion.

PMID- 3402178
TI  - Heparin sodium versus 0.9% sodium chloride injection for maintaining patency of
      indwelling intermittent infusion devices.
AB  - In a double-blind study, heparin sodium was compared with 0.9% sodium chloride
      injection for use in maintaining patency of indwelling devices for intermittent
      intravenous infusion. Adult patients who required intermittent intravenous
      devices were randomly assigned to receive 1 mL of a heparin sodium 100 units/mL
      flush solution or a 0.9% sodium chloride flush solution. Observations were
      recorded for each catheter, rather than for each patient. Patients were evaluated
      daily for the development of phlebitis. In the 160 patients for whom complete
      data on catheter patency were available, there were 307 observations (170 for the
      heparin group and 137 for the sodium chloride group). No significant difference
      in the duration of catheter patency or incidence of phlebitis was observed
      between the groups. A difference in the incidence of phlebitis could not be
      excluded with confidence, but inasmuch as there was no effect on duration of
      catheter patency, the clinical importance of this superficial venous phlebitis is
      questionable. The duration of patency was significantly greater in men than in
      women. The use of penicillins, cephalosporins, or clindamycin, alone or in
      combination, was significantly associated with the development of phlebitis for
      both treatment groups. No other factors were found to correlate with either the
      duration of catheter patency or incidence of phlebitis. The results of this study
      indicate that heparin offers no advantage over 0.9% sodium chloride injection in
      maintaining the patency of intermittent intravenous devices.

PMID- 3402179
TI  - False-positive serum digoxin concentrations determined by three digoxin assays in
      patients with liver disease.
AB  - The incidence and magnitude of false-positive serum digoxin concentrations (SDCs)
      determined by three digoxin assays in patients with liver disease were studied.
      Patients with biochemical evidence of liver disease were enrolled in the study if
      they had never received a cardiac glycoside, were not pregnant, were not
      receiving spironolactone, did not have moderate to severe renal impairment, and
      did not have transient elevations in liver function test results. Blood specimens
      from each patient were assayed for apparent SDCs in triplicate using a
      fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA, TDx Digoxin II, Abbott) and a
      digoxin radioimmunoassay (RIA, GammaCoat I125, Clinical Assays) and in duplicate
      using a fluorometric enzyme immunoassay (Dade Stratus, American Dade). Forty-two
      patients met the study criteria. The percentage of patients exhibiting detectable
      apparent SDCs (greater than or equal to 0.2 ng/mL) was 57% with RIA, 55% with
      FPIA, and 28% with the fluorometric enzyme immunoassay. Apparent SDCs ranged from
      0.2 to 0.6 ng/mL (RIA), 0.2 to 1.56 ng/mL (FPIA), and 0.2 to 0.38 ng/mL
      (fluorometric enzyme immunoassay). Values obtained using the fluorometric enzyme
      immunoassay were significantly different from the apparent SDCs determined using
      RIA and FPIA; however, no significant difference was found between the values
      obtained using RIA and FPIA. Significant correlations were found between the
      apparent SDCs determined using RIA and serum bilirubin values and between the
      apparent SDCs determined using the fluorometric enzyme immunoassay and alkaline
      phosphatase values. Of the three assay methods tested, the fluorometric enzyme
      immunoassay showed the least cross-sensitivity to digoxin-like immunoreactive
      substance (DLIS).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3402180
TI  - Endogenous digoxin-like immunoreactivity in elderly patients with normal serum
      creatinine concentrations.
AB  - The effect of digoxin-like immunoreactive substance (DLIS) on serum digoxin
      determinations in elderly patients with normal serum creatinine concentrations
      was studied. Patients in the study group were over 70 years of age; the control
      population was under 55 years of age. All patients had serum creatinine
      concentrations of less than or equal to 1.5 mg/dL. Apparent digoxin content of
      serum samples from patients receiving digoxin and from patients in each age group
      who were not receiving digoxin was determined in duplicate by each of two
      radioimmunoassays: RIANEN (New England Nuclear), which detects DLIS, and
      Immophase (Corning Medical and Scientific), which is far less cross-reactive with
      DLIS. Results from the patients under 55 years of age were analyzed for inherent
      bias between the assay methods. In patients over 70 years of age, concentrations
      of DLIS (differences between serum digoxin concentrations measured by RIANEN and
      Immophase) were compared with creatinine clearance values. No DLIS was detected
      in sera of patients who had not received digoxin. For patients who received
      digoxin, nearly all apparent digoxin concentrations were within the usual
      therapeutic range. For patients without liver or renal failure who received
      digoxin, no significant difference in digoxin concentrations was observed between
      the RIANEN and Immophase assays in either the young (n = 17) or elderly (n = 26)
      patients. There was no significant increase in the difference between the RIANEN
      and Immophase results with decreasing creatinine clearance. In the elderly
      patients with normal serum creatinine concentrations, there was no evidence that
      measurement of serum digoxin concentration using the RIANEN and Immophase assays
      was compromised by DLIS.

PMID- 3402182
TI  - Kidney, lower limb and whole-body uptake and release of catecholamines in
      alcoholic liver disease.
AB  - Regional (kidney, lower limb) and whole-body kinetics of endogenous noradrenaline
      (NA) and tritium-labelled L-noradrenaline (3H-NA) were determined in patients
      with alcoholic liver disease (one alcoholic hepatitis, 12 cirrhosis) and in
      control subjects (n = 6) in order to get information on the sympatho-adrenal
      system in liver disease. Arterial NA was significantly elevated in ascitic
      patients (median 2.5 nmol/l, n = 9, P less than 0.05) as compared to non-ascitic
      patients (1.6 nmol/l) and controls (1.7) nmol/l). NA spillover per unit NA inflow
      was increased in the kidney in patients with ascites (0.69 vs. 0.45 pmol/min.g
      per pmol/min.g in controls, P less than 0.005) but not in the lower limb (0.23
      vs. 0.49 in controls, P less than 0.01). In patients with ascites the spillover
      rate of NA from the kidney into plasma (1.9 pmol/min.g) was significantly
      increased (P less than 0.02) compared to controls and non-ascitic patients (1.2
      and 1.0 pmol/min.g, respectively. Patients and control kidneys and limbs
      extracted almost the same fraction of 3H-NA (0.34 vs. 0.32 NS and 0.34 vs. 0.37
      NS, respectively). Whole-body clearance of 3H-NA was not significantly different
      in cirrhotics and controls (median 0.89 vs. 0.91 l/min.m2), indicating that the
      raised NA in decompensated cirrhosis reflects enhanced sympatho-adrenal activity
      rather than decreased metabolism of this amine. Our results do not point towards
      a uniform sympatho-adrenal overactivity in decompensated cirrhosis, but rather
      indicate regional differences with different order of NA spillover. The renal
      sympathetic overactivity, as indicated by the increased renal NA overflow, is
      likely to be important to the decreased renal perfusion and increased salt-water
      retention characteristic of this clinical condition.

PMID- 3402181
TI  - Continuous i.v. infusion versus multiple bolus doses of metoclopramide for
      prevention of cisplatin-induced emesis.
AB  - Continuous infusion of metoclopramide was compared with bolus dosing in a
      randomized, double-blind study in 27 patients receiving cisplatin therapy.
      Hospitalized patients receiving their first course of cisplatin (120 mg/sq m
      administered i.v. over four hours) were randomized to receive either bolus doses
      or a continuous infusion of metoclopramide. In the infusion group (14 patients),
      a loading dose of metoclopramide 3 mg/kg (total body weight) as the hydrochloride
      salt was infused over one hour immediately before the administration of
      cisplatin, followed by a continuous infusion of metoclopramide 0.5 mg/kg/hr (as
      the hydrochloride salt) for 12 hours. Each patient received a total
      metoclopramide dose of 9 mg/kg over 13 hours. These patients also received five
      bolus doses of 5% dextrose injection (as placebo) over 15 minutes, with the first
      dose given one hour before the cisplatin and four more doses at two-hour
      intervals. In the bolus-dose group (13 patients), metoclopramide 2 mg/kg as the
      hydrochloride salt was added to each of the bolus doses, while the continuous
      infusion was a placebo of 5% dextrose injection. All patients also received
      dexamethasone 10 mg i.v. and diphenhydramine hydrochloride 50 mg i.v. Patients
      were monitored for 24 hours after initiation of metoclopramide administration for
      number of emesis episodes and for adverse effects. In the infusion group, 11 of
      14 (79%) patients had two or fewer episodes of emesis. In the bolus group, 10 of
      13 (77%) had two or fewer vomiting episodes. Mild sedation occurred in both the
      infusion (79%) and bolus-dose (77%) groups. Despite the use of diphenhydramine,
      extrapyramidal reactions were seen in one bolus-dose patient and two infusion
      patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3402184
TI  - Leg exchange of amino acids during exercise in patients with arterial
      insufficiency.
AB  - Intermittent claudication is associated with adaptation in muscle metabolism.
      This study has evaluated the metabolism of amino acids at rest and during non
      steady state exercise in patients with arterial insufficiency of at least six
      months duration in comparison with matched control individuals. The exchange of
      amino acids were measured during two periods of acute exercise; one initial
      exercise period with a standardized work load and exercise time and a second
      exercise period which continued until further exercise was impossible due to pain
      in the patients and exhaustion in the controls. The maximum blood flow was
      reduced by 40% in the patients but the maximum oxygen uptake per unit power
      developed was almost the same in patients and controls. The patients had
      significantly lower concentrations of glutamine, lysine and taurine at rest
      compared with the controls. The exchange of amino acids across the resting leg
      did not differ between the two groups. Exercise increased the efflux of amino
      acids in both patients and controls. The efflux of glutamine (896 +/- 205 vs. 48
      +/- 359 nmol/100 ml/min/watt) was higher in the patients compared to the controls
      at the first exercise period with inverse changes in the opposite direction of
      asparagine (149 +/- 105 vs. 799 +/- 121 and 27 +/- 70 vs. 633 +/- 334 nmol/100
      ml/min/watt at the first and second exercise, respectively. Alanine release did
      not differ between the groups. The complementary patterns of glutamine and
      asparagine during hypoxic exercise in the patients may reflect the fact that
      these amino acids share a common carrier system. The similarity in the efflux of
      non-metabolized amino acids, such as methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine and 3
      methylhistidine, indicated that muscle hypoxia in claudication patients did not
      promote net degradation of either globular or myofibrillar proteins, although
      exercise increased the efflux of 3-methylhistidine three- to fourfold in both
      patients and control individuals (from 1 +/- 0.4 to 4 +/- 1.8 and from 0 +/- 0.7
      to 6 +/- 2.5 nmol/100 ml/min/watt, respectively). The exercise-induced
      alterations in leg exchange of amino acids were restored within 10-20 min
      following exercise regardless of hypoxia. The results demonstrate that patients
      with arterial insufficiency have altered intermediary metabolism of amino acids
      during exercise. However, muscle hypoxia in such patients does not seem to
      promote a negative protein balance or induce serious alterations in cell membrane
      integrity.

PMID- 3402183
TI  - Human tibialis anterior contractile responses following fatiguing exercise with
      and without beta-adrenoceptor blockade.
AB  - The effects of oral propranolol (2 x 80 mg/day) on the contractile responses to
      twitch and tetanic electrical stimulation were examined in the tibialis anterior
      (TA) muscle of seven healthy young males. The TA muscle was fatigued by four
      forms of repeated isometric contractions: (1) maximal voluntary contractions
      (MVC), (2) MVC with circulation occluded, (3) electrically evoked contractions
      with 20 Hz supramaximal voltage stimulation and (4) electrically evoked
      contractions with circulation occluded. Each contraction was sustained for 10 s
      with 5 s recovery. Duration of exercise was 10 min for intact circulation and 4
      min for circulatory occlusion. Pre-exercise, both the twitch contraction time and
      the 1/2 relaxation time were significantly (P less than 0.05) longer with beta
      blockade than placebo. beta-blockade did not affect torque output during tetanic
      stimulation or MVC. Immediately post-exercise, the peak twitch torque was reduced
      in all beta-blocked and placebo conditions except electrically induced exercise
      with intact circulation. The 1/2 relaxation time was significantly lengthened by
      repeated MVC with circulation intact; beta-blockade caused a greater lengthening
      than placebo (P less than 0.05). The tetanic torque was reduced immediately post
      exercise at each of 10, 20, 50 and 100 Hz for both beta-blockade and placebo for
      each form of exercise. There were no significant beta-blockade effects. Torque
      output at 10 Hz was still reduced up to 10 min post-exercise. In contrast, 100 Hz
      torque output recovered by 5 min post-exercise. The changes in tetanic responses
      were qualitatively similar with intact circulation and with circulatory
      occlusion. In the tibialis anterior muscle, the effects of fatiguing exercise are
      not accentuated by beta-blockade. These data in the TA are notably different from
      those in the triceps surae, where greater fatigue has been shown with beta
      blockade.

PMID- 3402186
TI  - Myocardial turnover of plasma free fatty acids during angina pectoris induced by
      atrial pacing.
AB  - Myocardial extraction of free fatty acids (FFA), together with glucose, lactate,
      pyruvate, glycerol and oxygen was determined by simultaneous sampling of blood
      from an artery (a) and the coronary sinus (cs) at rest and during chest pains
      induced by atrial pacing in seven fasting male patients with ischaemic heart
      disease. Results were compared to those, at rest and during pacing at heart rate
      140 beats min-1, in ten healthy men of similar age. A continuous i.v. infusion of
      14C oleate and 3H palmitate enabled the calculation of simultaneous myocardial
      uptake and release of FFA as well as of the fraction of extracted FFA which
      underwent direct oxidation. During chest pain lactate net extraction decreased to
      become, in some patients, negative. FFA extraction, as estimated from the
      fractional extraction of labelled fatty acid was likewise decreased, while the a
      cs O2 difference was not significantly altered. The fractional oxidation of
      extracted FFA was increased, whereas the calculated fatty acid release from the
      heart was unaltered. The increase in fractional oxidation was quantitatively
      correlated with the decrease in lactate extraction suggesting that it was related
      to the degree or extent of ischaemia. It was also proportional to the decrease in
      FFA extraction. Thus, in patients with angina pectoris the ischaemic myocardium
      may be subjected to a limitation not only with regard to oxygen but also
      substrate flux into the myocardial cells.

PMID- 3402187
TI  - Regional blood volume in man determined by radiolabelled erythrocytes.
AB  - The purpose of the present study was to develop a non-invasive method capable of
      measuring the regional blood volume in the peripheral circulation. External
      counting of autologous radiolabelled erythrocytes was performed by dynamic
      scintigraphy of the calf. During short venous stasis synchronous changes in
      segmental blood volumes were recorded by plethysmography, thereby obtaining a
      calibration factor. The recordings were performed with the position of the calf
      varying between elevated, horizontal and lowered before and after 4.5 min venous
      stasis with a tourniquet pressure on 57 mmHg applied above the knee. The mean
      blood volume comprised 3.2 (1.2 ml per 100 ml tissue in the elevated position,
      6.0 (1.6) in the horizontal position and 9.8 (2.6) in the lowered position.
      Correspondingly, the blood volume increase during venous stasis was 120%, 60% and
      20% in the three positions. Studies of the reproducibility showed a coefficient
      of variation of 13.5%. The present study suggests that the method of blood volume
      measuring should be further evaluated to study the function of capacitance
      vessels.

PMID- 3402185
TI  - Excretion of thromboxane A2 and prostacyclin metabolites during treadmill
      exercise in patients with intermittent claudication.
AB  - Platelet activation, with subsequent formation of thromboxane A2 (TxA2), is
      thought to play a role in the development of arterial occlusion. In patients with
      severe atherosclerosis of the lower limbs, characterized by leg ulcers and rest
      pain, the basal formation of TxA2 and prostacyclin (PGI2) is increased.
      Corresponding data in patients with more moderate atherosclerosis of the lower
      limbs have not been reported. Since the capacity to physical exercise is not
      blunted in such patients proper evaluation of their TxA2-PGI2 synthesis should
      comprise not only assessment of the basal formation, but also TxA2/PGI2
      biosynthesis during conditions of elevated cardiovascular activity. To address
      this, we analysed these eicosanoids in patients with a history of intermittent
      claudication. Urinary dinor-metabolites of TxB2 and PGI2 (Tx-M and PGI-M,
      respectively) were estimated by gas chromatography/negative ion-chemical
      ionization mass spectrometry in samples collected prior to, during and
      immediately after 20 min of severe treadmill exertion. The basal excretion of Tx
      M was 105 +/- 26 pg/mg creatinine. It was not changed during exercise, but
      increased to 176 +/- 48 pg/mg creatinine (P less than 0.05) during the recovery.
      The basal excretion of PGI-M was 142 +/- 25 pg/mg creatinine. The PGI-M response
      to exercise varied from no change at all to a 30-fold increase, without any
      obvious correlation to experienced leg pain, walking distance or other recorded
      variables. During the recovery period the outflow of PGI-M was significantly
      higher than at rest (482 +/- 145 pg/mg creatinine; P less than 0.01). We conclude
      that in patients with intermittent claudication due to atherosclerosis (1)
      platelet activation does not occur during the course of the exercise, and (2)
      vascular prostacyclin formation can be dissociated from of TxA2 synthesis. The
      observed increase in PGI-M in some of the patients is suggested to reflect tissue
      ischaemia induced by the lack of adequate hyperaemia during exercise.

PMID- 3402189
TI  - Actions, laws, and scientific psychology.

PMID- 3402188
TI  - Density dependence of expiratory flow--a useful basis for lung function tests?
AB  - The aim of this investigation was to study the density dependence of forced
      expiratory flow and the ability of tests based on density dependence to disclose
      smoking-induced small airways dysfunction. The lung function of 212
      systematically sampled men (mean age 40.3; range 30-48 years) was studied by
      recording flow-volume curves during air or helium-oxygen (HeOx) breathing and by
      the single breath N2-test. Density dependence was expressed as the percentage
      increase in flow from air to HeOx when 50 and when 25% of the vital capacity (VC)
      remained to be expelled (dMEF50 and dMEF25). The mean dMEF50 in 59 healthy non
      smokers was 40% (range +7 to +72) and the mean dMEF25 24% (range -20 to +63).
      Density dependence apparently decreased with relative lung volume and also with
      increasing age. Despite the wide variation of density dependence in the reference
      group, dMEF50 was on average significantly reduced in smokers, and dMEF25 in ex
      smokers and subjects with symptoms such as cough and/or sputum production,
      wheezing unrelated to common colds and dyspnea when walking on level ground.
      However, only 8% of the smokers exhibited 'abnormal' density dependence (dMEF25
      less than (predicted value--2RSD] as compared to 11 and 33% for the forced
      expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and dN2 (alveolar slope). If abnormal dN2
      in the smoking group is taken to indicate smoking-induced small airway
      dysfunction, then the ability of dMEF50 and dMEF25 to disclose such dysfunction
      is limited.

PMID- 3402191
TI  - Knowledge for hunger: children's problem with representation in imputing mental
      states.

PMID- 3402192
TI  - A note on some psychological evidence and alternative grammars.

PMID- 3402190
TI  - Mental rotation and orientation-invariant object recognition: dissociable
      processes.

PMID- 3402193
TI  - For definitions: A reply to Fodor, Garrett, Walker, and Parkes.

PMID- 3402194
TI  - "Without a theory of mind one cannot participate in a conversation".

PMID- 3402196
TI  - Client outcome reporting: the status method.
AB  - This paper describes the development and results of a method for capturing client
      outcomes of community services for persons with severe mental illness. Through
      the use of status scales, two major elements of community integration,
      independence of living arrangement and vocational independence can be
      continuously monitored. The initial results of the method include: unifying
      previously disparate agendas of state and local officials, enhanced vocational
      and living arrangement outcomes for clients, instigating program improvements,
      and the increased exchange of staff rewards. In addition, the method is
      economical whereby data on a worker caseload of 30-40 can be collected in about
      20 minutes.

PMID- 3402195
TI  - Family members' perspectives on psychiatric hospitalization and discharge.
AB  - Families of currently hospitalized patients in an extended-care psychiatric
      facility were interviewed concerning their views of hospitalization and
      discharge. Although most were sad that their relative was hospitalized, only a
      third felt that they would rather be caring for their relative at home. Families
      felt communication with hospital staff was poor and many of their needs were
      unmet. Families indicated a number of concerns around discharge. If clients were
      to be discharged soon, most families felt the clients needed a highly structured
      supervised living arrangement.

PMID- 3402198
TI  - Incompetency and insanity: feasibility of community evaluation and treatment.
AB  - In order to examine the feasibility of doing more sanity and competency
      evaluations and treatment on an outpatient basis rather than at a state hospital,
      we gave a feasibility questionnaire to 288 CMHC and state hospital administrators
      and treatment staff members. The respondents indicated that, given enhanced
      community evaluation and treatment programs for forensic clients, (a) 41 percent
      of the sanity evaluations and 45 percent of the competency evaluations done at
      the hospital could be done in local communities, (b) 35 percent to 38 percent of
      the clients found incompetent could be treated in local communities, and (c) 39
      percent to 50 percent of the clients found insane could be released to outpatient
      treatment six months earlier than presently. Other findings indicated several
      specific improvements needed in the community mental health system before it can
      properly handle more forensic clients.

PMID- 3402197
TI  - Case management service provision and client change.
AB  - The present study examines the relationship between case management service
      provision to the chronically mentally ill and consequent client change. Subjects
      were clients who had been in the Mississippi case management system for at least
      six months. It was predicted that the services of linkage/referral and advocacy
      would account for the most change in the number of problems and severity of
      problems on the part of the client. However, less than three percent of the
      variance in overall client change was explained by all five services combined.
      Results are discussed in light of certain constraints within the system.

PMID- 3402199
TI  - Consumer-run mental health services: results from five demonstration projects.

PMID- 3402200
TI  - Group therapy with Southeast Asian refugees.
AB  - This report describes a one-year experience with a new program of group therapy
      for Southeast Asians who were treated in a psychiatric program for Indochinese
      refugees. Cultural factors involving communication styles, respect for authority,
      and traditional social relationships greatly influence the group process.
      Socialization experiences which encouraged traditional activities and practical
      information were the most acceptable medium by all the groups. Psychological
      issues of losses, cultural conflicts, and persistent discussion of somatic
      symptoms were voiced throughout the activities. Formal group psychotherapy was
      periodically useful in some groups. Flexibility, meeting concrete needs, keeping
      a bicultural focus, and maintaining the individual therapy sessions contributed
      to the acceptance by the patient.

PMID- 3402201
TI  - Terminal care: breaking bad news.

PMID- 3402203
TI  - Primary health care: putting our house in order.

PMID- 3402202
TI  - 40 years of the NHS. Antenatal care: the generation game.

PMID- 3402205
TI  - Premature mortality by income level--Multnomah County, Oregon, 1976-1984. Centers
      for Disease Control.

PMID- 3402204
TI  - Cancer pain: treatment with a nonimplanted epidural narcotic infusion pump.

PMID- 3402206
TI  - Immunization of children infected with human immunodeficiency virus-
      supplementary ACIP statement.

PMID- 3402208
TI  - The choice of antimicrobial drugs. The Medical Letter.

PMID- 3402209
TI  - New trial ordered for cancer patient's malpractice suit.

PMID- 3402207
TI  - Measles in HIV-infected children, United States.

PMID- 3402210
TI  - No liability for leaving clamp in patient's abdomen.

PMID- 3402211
TI  - New trial for claim of unnecessary eye surgery.

PMID- 3402212
TI  - The coming sex change in medical practice.

PMID- 3402213
TI  - Someone's cost is another's gain.

PMID- 3402214
TI  - Treating AIDS patients: clarifying the physician's duty.

PMID- 3402215
TI  - Critical care helicopter service: evaluation of prehospital utilization in trauma
      care.

PMID- 3402216
TI  - Dispensing by physicians.

PMID- 3402217
TI  - Septic arthritis and osteomyelitis in a bovine digit: a mixed infection of
      Actinomyces pyogenes and Fusobacterium necrophorum.
AB  - A 4-year-old beefmaster cow was examined for a left hind leg lateral claw
      lameness due to septic arthritis of the distal interphalangeal joint and
      associated osteomyelitis of the second and third phalanges. Actinomyces pyogenes
      and Fusobacterium necrophorum, which have been demonstrated previously to act
      synergistically in ovine heel abscesses, were isolated from the affected digit. A
      claw amputation was performed because of the advanced destructive nature of the
      lesion.

PMID- 3402218
TI  - Acute pelvic limb paralysis induced by a lumbar fibrocartilaginous embolism in a
      sow.
AB  - A diagnosis of fibrocartilaginous embolism was made in a mature mixed-breed sow
      with a history of an acute onset of pelvic limb paralysis. Within a single
      section of lumbar spinal cord, there was severe focally-extensive infarction of
      the right ventral gray horn. Within affected white matter, there was dilatation
      of multiple myelin sheaths with concurrent axonal swelling. A smaller focus of
      infarction was present on the contralateral side. Arteries at the periphery of
      both lesions contained a blue-gray material with staining characteristics similar
      to that evidenced by the nucleus pulposus present within intervertebral discs.
      Grossly, no abnormalities were present within the vertebral column.

PMID- 3402219
TI  - Gastric squamous cell carcinoma and fascioliasis in a llama.
AB  - A 5-year-old intact male llama (Llama glama) with gastric squamous cell carcinoma
      and generalized metastasis is presented. Weight loss, anorexia and cachexia were
      the presenting clinical signs. Abnormal laboratory findings included
      neutrophilia, lymphopenia, increased serum activity of hepatic enzymes, mildly
      increased serum urea nitrogen concentration and elevated protein concentration
      and nucleated cell count in the peritoneal fluid. Fasciola hepatica ova were
      identified by fecal sedimentation examination. The presence of flukes, as well as
      carcinoma metastasis, probably contributed to the increased serum hepatic enzyme
      activity. Similarities to gastric squamous cell carcinoma in the equine and
      bovine species are discussed. This case suggests that neoplasia, although rarely
      reported in the llama, must be considered in the differential diagnostic list for
      anorexia and weight loss in the llama.

PMID- 3402220
TI  - The effects of corticosteroid administration on the migration, phagocytosis and
      bactericidal capacity of equine neutrophils.
AB  - Neutrophil function was evaluated in six clinically normal adult horses,
      immediately before and 3-6 hours after they were given one dose of hydrocortisone
      sodium succinate (1 mg/kg body weight). Random migration, stimulated migration to
      zymosan-activated serum, bacterial phagocytosis and bactericidal capacity of
      neutrophils were determined in vitro. The mean indices of stimulated migration
      (net migration and migration ratio) were significantly greater after CS
      administration (net migration = 62 +/- 23 micron; migration ratio = 11.5 +/- 6.7)
      than before CS administration (net migration = 44 +/- 10 micron; migration ratio
      = 6.0 +/- 3.1; P less than 0.05). Random migration, bacterial phagocytosis and
      bactericidal capacity of neutrophils were unchanged by CS therapy. Results from
      this study suggest that the migration of equine neutrophils is influenced, but
      not impaired, after one dose (1 mg/kg) of hydrocortisone sodium succinate and
      that the latter causes no change in the ability of equine neutrophils to
      phagocytize and kill Staphylococcus aureus.

PMID- 3402221
TI  - Incomplete subaortic stenotic rings in domestic animals--a newly described
      congenital anomaly.
AB  - A newly described congenital heart anomaly, the incomplete subaortic stenotic
      ring was detected at necropsy in four dogs, one cat, one cow, one horse, one
      sheep and one pig. These structures were grossly and histologically similar to
      complete subaortic stenotic rings, being composed of variably dense interlacing
      bands and sheets of fibrous connective tissue. In all nine cases, their presence
      at necropsy was considered an incidental finding.

PMID- 3402222
TI  - Scrotal cestodiasis in a dog.
AB  - Scrotal cestodiasis was diagnosed from a surgical biopsy specimen from an 8-year
      old Miniature Poodle. Peritoneal cestodiasis with secondary scrotal cestodiasis
      was suspected and could be explained by migration of the parasite along the
      vaginal tunics. Subsequent necropsy confirmed severe peritoneal cestodiasis due
      to Mesocestoides sp. It appears that scrotal cestodiasis may be an early
      indicator of peritoneal cestodiasis in male dogs and diagnostic pathologists and
      clinicians should be aware of this condition.

PMID- 3402223
TI  - Studies on gangrenous mastitis in goats.
AB  - One hundred and fifty goats were diagnosed as having proven gangrenous mastitis.
      The disease was categorized into early, intermediate and late stages. Gangrenous
      mastitis in goats is typified by a sudden onset, dark hyperemia, and edema with
      progressive discoloration of the distal part of the udder. The disease affected
      lactating goats but not the dry ones. Coagulase positive Staphylococcus aureus
      was isolated from 60% of composite and half milk samples obtained from the
      diseased goats. The histopathological changes mainly comprised proliferation of
      connective tissue, thrombosis and necrosis involving a group of lobules.
      Treatment of the early and intermediate stages of the disease was successful
      through the administration of systemic and intramammary terramycin together with
      diuretics and topical antiseptic cream. The late stage of the disease was
      successfully treated only through surgery.

PMID- 3402224
TI  - Multisystemic chromatolytic neuronal degeneration in a Cairn terrier pup.
AB  - In a four-month-old female Cairn terrier with mild episodic paraparesis, a
      multisystemic chromatolytic degeneration affected widespread neuronal populations
      in the brain and spinal cord as well as spinal, autonomic, and enteric ganglia.
      There was little axon degeneration or cell body loss, and the latter findings may
      explain the mild clinical signs. Among affected perikarya the extent and
      distribution of chromatolysis varied. While peripheral lysis of Nissl substance
      occurred often in spinal motoneurons, central chromatolysis was frequent in brain
      stem nuclei, and patchy Nissl loss appeared in some neurons including those in
      the cerebral cortex and spinal dorsal horns. Although prior studies of various
      chromatolytic neurodegenerations often have demonstrated characteristic massings
      of neurofilaments, the major, and invariable ultrastructural finding in this
      study was dispersion and loss of ribosomes. Neurofilamentous accumulations were
      observed less consistently. The clinical and pathologic findings in this pup were
      compared and constrasted with those made in prior studies of chromatolytic
      neurodegenerations.

PMID- 3402225
TI  - Comprehensive visual and cosmetic rehabilitation of cornea plana.
AB  - A case of bilateral cornea plana with high hypermetropia is reported in a 20-year
      old woman. Neither routine spectacles nor polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) contact
      lenses could achieve satisfactory visual and cosmetic results. Comprehensive
      visual and cosmetic rehabilitation was accomplished with a high-plus, low-water
      content, lenticular soft lens. This new concept of management of cornea plana
      appears promising in cases not amenable to routine spectacles or hard contact
      lenses.

PMID- 3402226
TI  - Differential specular microscopy in keratopathy and anterior uveitis.
AB  - Use of the relief mode of specular microscopy to differentiate corneal
      endothelial changes in anterior segment disease from retrocorneal deposits
      facilitates understanding of the nature of the endothelial changes. The
      retrocorneal deposits may be pigment granules or inflammatory deposits. The
      inflammatory deposits may be due to fibrin or WBCs, are more irregular than
      pigment, and may coalesce to form large, rounded, keratic precipitates. Pigment
      granules are smaller, denser, usually more regular and, although sometimes
      confluent, do not form keratic precipitates. Both are distinct from
      subendothelial blebs, both the smaller blebs up to one cell in diameter and
      larger blebs of two to three cells in diameter. These blebs are probably due to
      edema, disappear quickly on resolution of the pathologic process, and are
      evidence of stress to the endothelium, which shows significant change in
      morphology and fall in cell numbers when the blebs are of long-standing.

PMID- 3402227
TI  - Effects of air and irrigating solutions on the corneal endothelium.
AB  - It is well established that the corneal endothelium reflects the trauma it
      experiences by changing its morphological appearance. We have studied the effect
      of mild trauma to the rabbit endothelium by replacing the aqueous humor with air.
      After either 2 or 4 h, the air was removed and then replaced with either
      physiological saline or balanced salt solution (BSS). Specular microscopy was
      then performed for 1 week to observe endothelial changes. Various transient
      morphological changes observed during this period included many nonhexagonal
      cells, enlarged cells, and clusters of small cells. The changes produced were
      more dramatic for the saline replacement group than the BSS replacement group,
      indicating that the recovery process of the endothelium following this mild
      trauma depends on the material used to replace the air. The air appears to
      sensitize the endothelium to subsequent insult. This model can perhaps be used to
      evaluate the relative safety of the various solutions that are used in the
      anterior chamber during ocular surgery.

PMID- 3402228
TI  - Mineral analysis in experimental corneal scars. An EDAX study.
AB  - Central penetrating excisional wounds were made in the corneas of 12 rabbits and
      10 trout. The scar tissue and the surrounding cornea were compared using a new
      method for assessing inorganic elements in the cornea: the scanning electron
      microscopy and energy dispersive analysis of x-ray (EDAX). Semiquantitative
      determination of inorganic elements within the range of atomic numbers 9-93 in
      the periodic system was performed, comparing the relative concentration of those
      elements in the scar tissue to the surrounding cornea. Results showed that
      calcium was the only element higher in the healing wound than in the surrounding
      cornea.

PMID- 3402229
TI  - Prospective comparison of traditional and pharmacokinetic aminoglycoside dosing
      methods.
AB  - Aminoglycoside (gentamicin, tobramycin) dosage regimens and subsequent serum
      concentrations were compared in 30 patients treated initially using traditional
      physician-determined methods and then switched to a pharmacokinetic-based
      treatment program. Patients received more drug during the kinetic phase (median 5
      mg/kg) than during the traditional phase (median 3.6 mg/kg) and achieved greater
      peak serum concentration (5.9 vs. 4.4 micrograms/ml). Seventy-three percent of
      kinetic peak values but only 27% of traditional peak values exceeded 5.0
      micrograms/ml. Trough concentrations were comparable in both phases of study and
      no nephrotoxicity was observed. This pharmacokinetic-based management program
      achieved more consistently greater therapeutic peak concentrations and provided
      more individualized therapy than did physicians. The use of pharmacokinetic
      consultants may be of benefit in administering safely optimal aminoglycoside
      therapy.

PMID- 3402231
TI  - Rewarming from experimental hypothermia: comparison of heated aerosol inhalation,
      peritoneal lavage, and pleural lavage.
AB  - This study compares the thermal transfer and rewarming characteristics of heated
      aerosol inhalation (HAI) alone and combined with peritoneal lavage (PEL) or
      pleural lavage (PLL). Closed-system PEL and PLL are equally efficient at
      rewarming hypothermic dogs and do so at a rate approximating 6 degrees C/h/m2.
      Cardiovascular responses to PEL and PLL were similar. Serum electrolytes,
      protein, Hct, and arterial blood gases were comparable and little changed when
      compared in prehypothermia and postrewarming periods. HAI alone provides little
      heat for rewarming; more heat is realized from endogenous metabolism.
      Nevertheless, HAI's ease of use and possible selective cardiac rewarming
      characteristics argue for its inclusion with other methods of active rewarming.
      The use of PEL or PLL is governed by clinical circumstances.

PMID- 3402230
TI  - Intravenous ibuprofen blocks the hypoxemia of pulmonary glass bead embolism in
      the dog.
AB  - To determine the influence of arachidonic acid metabolites on acute lung injury
      induced by glass bead embolism, two groups of animals were studied before and
      after the pulmonary artery pressure was doubled by glass bead embolism. One group
      represented an untreated time control (n = 6) while the second group (n = 6) was
      pretreated with 25 mg/kg of iv ibuprofen. Repeat measurements were taken at 30,
      60 and 90 min after glass bead embolism. Compared to the untreated group, the
      pretreated group had only a slightly decreased PaO2 (pretreated, 82% of baseline
      vs. untreated, 35% of baseline, p less than .05). The initial elevation in
      pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) was similar in both groups but in the
      pretreated group it had returned nearly to baseline values by the end of the
      study in contrast to the persistent elevation of the PVR observed in the
      untreated group. We conclude that pretreatment with ibuprofen resulted in
      improved arterial oxygenation and a reduction in PVR over the time period
      studied. This implicates a role for arachidonic acid metabolites in the
      pathophysiology of this injury.

PMID- 3402232
TI  - Fontanelle pressure and cerebral perfusion pressure: continuous measurement in
      neonates.
AB  - Fontanelle pressure (FP) and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) were measured
      continuously for the first 5 postnatal days in 21 preterm neonates. A new
      application device for use with the sensor of an intracranial pressure monitor
      allows accurate, continuous FP measurement. Accuracy of the technique was
      established by comparing results using the new device with 14-h continuous
      intraventricular pressure recordings from four infants before ventricular
      shunting. Agreement between the two techniques was satisfactory with the mean
      difference being 0.4 mm Hg. FP rose on each of the first 5 days after birth. CPP
      also rose over the 5 days but there were periods during suctioning of the
      endotracheal tube, crying, and vigorous activity when CPP was very low.

PMID- 3402233
TI  - Use of flexible fiberoptic endoscopy for determination of endotracheal tube
      position in the pediatric patient.
AB  - Flexible fiberoptic endoscopy (FFE) was utilized in a series of 24 critically ill
      pediatric patients to determine the position of the endotracheal tube (ETT) tip
      relative to the carina. Training on a model system revealed no significant
      differences in predicting ETT-to-carina distance (ETT-C) with respect to
      operator, ETT size, or absolute ETT-C as measured directly. No significant
      differences in ETT-C could be determined between traditional bedside chest x-ray
      (CXR) or FFE when FFE was performed on intubated pediatric ICU patients. A
      correlation coefficient comparing the two methods was 0.767. Neither ETT size nor
      FFE operator affected this correlation. Although used as the gold standard, CXR
      failed to demonstrate the carina clearly in 15 patients. FFE delineated the
      carina clearly in 22 patients. Ability to visualize ETT placement within the
      trachea was essentially identical for FFE (22/24) compared to CXR (23/24).
      However, the time required to obtain this information was significantly
      different: 30.6 min (range 13 to 57) for CXR; 40 sec (range 16 to 94) for FFE. No
      clinically significant changes in patient pulse oximetry, heart rate, or physical
      exam were observed during FFE. Only copious secretions impaired the utility of
      FFE. We concluded that FFE is a safe, fast, easily learned method to determine
      relative ETT position or precise ETT-C in the mechanically ventilated pediatric
      patient.

PMID- 3402234
TI  - Refractory vasospasm occurring in a trauma patient receiving dihydroergotamine
      and heparin.
AB  - A case of severe vasospasm producing ischemia associated with the administration
      of dihydroergotamine and heparin for prophylaxis of deep venous thrombosis is
      presented. We feel that the intensity of the vasospasm was related to the ergot
      in combination with the use of pressors and the presence of an operative site
      contiguous to the spastic artery. Based on our experience and a review of the
      world's literature, we feel that risk of vasospasm in trauma patients outweighs
      the potential additional benefit of this combination of drugs over heparin
      prophylaxis alone.

PMID- 3402235
TI  - Spinal cord injury leading to intracranial hemorrhage.

PMID- 3402236
TI  - Deja Vu.

PMID- 3402237
TI  - Comparison of blood lactate concentrations in arterial and peripheral venous
      blood.

PMID- 3402238
TI  - Treatment of hypertensive crisis with intranasal nifedipine.

PMID- 3402239
TI  - Search for purulent rhinosinusitis in intensive care unit patients with
      nosocomial pulmonary infections.

PMID- 3402240
TI  - Allen's test re-examined.

PMID- 3402241
TI  - Intra-arterial injection of pancuronium and fentanyl--an alternative.

PMID- 3402242
TI  - Computer program for predicting oxygen tank duration.

PMID- 3402243
TI  - Effects of near-UV radiation on the protein of the grey squirrel lens.
AB  - In vivo exposure of grey squirrels to 40W BLB illumination resulted in
      alterations in the state of the lens crystallins, mainly in the outer layer of
      the lens. HPLC revealed an increase of the void volume or crosslinked crystallins
      and an increase in peptides with molecular weights lower than 20,000 d. In vitro
      exposure of squirrel lens aqueous extracts to Woods lamp radiation (predominantly
      365 nm) led to similar but more exaggerated changes as viewed by high performance
      liquid chromatography. When viewed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE),
      soluble protein crosslinking was also observed. The near-UV absorbing
      chromophores of low molecular weight present in the lens served as
      photosensitizers that enhanced the protein changes. Sodium azide inhibited the
      changes, indicating a role for singlet oxygen in the crosslinking.

PMID- 3402244
TI  - On the structure of alpha-crystallin: the minimum molecular weight.
AB  - alpha-crystallin can be isolated in two forms depending on the temperature at
      which the lens is extracted. At 4 degrees C, alpha c-crystallin is obtained while
      at 37 degrees C, a smaller molecule, alpha m-crystallin can be isolated. The
      apparent molecular weight of bovine foetal alpha m- and alpha c-crystallins were
      determined in 5 different ways using sedimentation velocity, sedimentation
      equilibrium and intensity fluctuation spectroscopy analyses and the
      experimentally determined diffusion coefficients, intrinsic viscosity and partial
      specific volume. Values ranged from 291,000 to 369,000 for alpha m and from
      604,000 to 760,000 for alpha c due to the differential effects of the protein's
      polydispersity on the different methods. Subfractionation of the protein by gel
      filtration yielded much less polydisperse minimum species populations with
      molecular weights of 280,000 and 529,000 for alpha m and alpha c respectively. It
      was concluded that alpha-crystallin is probably synthesized as a symmetrical
      dodecamer and that the polydispersity of most preparations can be attributed to
      age-related modification in vivo as well as in vitro supra-aggregation due to
      variations in experimental conditions.

PMID- 3402245
TI  - Spectroscopic studies on the photooxidation of calf-lens gamma-crystallin.
AB  - The photooxidation of calf gamma-crystallin has been investigated in (a)
      riboflavin-sensitized reaction and (b) direct photolysis of the tryptophan
      residues of the protein at 300 nm. Partial insolubilization of the protein is
      evident by the increase in turbidity of the photolyzed protein solution. The
      turbidity is diminished when anaerobic conditions are used for irradiation.
      Spectroscopic studies on the soluble phase of the photolyzed protein reveal
      significant changes in the near-UV circular dichroism spectrum, suggesting that
      changes in the tertiary structure of the protein precede insolubilization.
      Isoelectric focusing analyses reveal that the gamma-crystallin polypeptides have
      more acidic pI's after photooxidation under both conditions. The insoluble
      protein is highly crosslinked into dimers and higher oligomers via covalent, non
      disulfide crosslinks, but inter-subunit crosslinking is negligible in the soluble
      phase of the photolyzed protein. The mechanism of photooxidation involves the
      generation of H2O2 in the riboflavin-sensitized reaction. In the direct
      photolysis of tryptophan residues by 300 nm irradiation, there is a rapid
      disruption of the protein structure, apparently by the oxidation of the
      hydrophobic tryptophan residues.

PMID- 3402246
TI  - Experimental changes resembling the pathology of drusen in Bruch's membrane in
      the rabbit.
AB  - Drusen-like changes in Bruch's membrane following subretinal injection of
      vitreous in the rabbit were studied by electron microscopy. A sequence of changes
      is seen that closely panellels those observed during drusen formation in
      primates. The initial event is the budding of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE)
      cells into Bruch's membrane; the buds, which contain cytoplasm and plasma
      membrane, are connected to the cytoplasm of the parent RPE cell. Most buds are
      surrounded by basement membrane, but some penetrate RPE basement membrane into
      Bruch's membrane. Later, RPE buds completely separate from the parent RPE cell
      and show degeneration and disintegration. Finally, drusen-like material,
      including vesicular, granular, tubular and linear structures, is dispersed from
      the bud remnant into Bruch's membrane. The study described herein thus supports
      the hypothesis that drusen are the result of budding from the RPE.

PMID- 3402247
TI  - Limited lateral spread of stromal edema in the human cornea fitted with a
      ('donut') contact lens with a large central aperture.
AB  - Topographical corneal thickness changes were monitored in 10 subjects who each
      wore a hydrogel contact lens with a large central aperture ("donut" lens) for 6
      hours. Analysis of local corneal thickness changes indicates that no corneal
      swelling occurred in the central exposed area of the cornea, but significant
      swelling occurred in the area of the cornea covered by the lens. The lateral cut
      off point of corneal swelling was well-defined, indicating that the contact lens
      induced corneal edema did not spread laterally to the exposed area of the cornea
      over the six-hour wearing period. Swelling of the peripheral cornea covered by
      the lens was found to be significantly greater with a tightly-fitting, immobile
      donut lens than with a loosely-fitting lens, suggesting that tear mixing may
      explain in part the apparent averaging of edema during open-eye wear of hydrogel
      lenses of varying thickness profile. The possibility that lateral spread of
      lactate within the stroma may contribute to this apparent averaging of edema was
      not confirmed in this study. We suggest that rapid metabolism or elimination of
      lactate in the exposed region of the cornea, or evaporation through the central
      lens aperture, may have contributed to the maintenance of normal central corneal
      thickness during open-eye wear of the donut lens.

PMID- 3402248
TI  - Vascular responsiveness to periarterial electrical nerve stimulation on canine
      ophthalmic arteries.
AB  - Both periarterial electrical stimulation (ES) and intraluminal application of
      norepinephrine (NE) produced a vasoconstriction in the isolated canine ophthalmic
      artery (OA). The ES-induced vasoconstrictor response was markedly inhibited by
      treatment with tetrodotoxin and slightly but significantly depressed by xylazine,
      a selective alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonist. Moreover, the ES-induced response was
      enhanced by either DG-5128, a selective alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonist, or
      angiotensin II. The inhibitory effect of bunazosin on the ES-induced response was
      significant, but it was rather small compared with that on the NE-induced
      response. The NE-induced constriction was not affected by xylazine and DG-5128,
      but significantly enhanced by angiotensin II. These results indicate that (1) the
      ES-induced response is mediated via sympathetic nerve activation, (2) there are
      inhibitory prejunctional alpha-2 adrenoceptors, (3) there are more postjunctional
      alpha-1 than postjunctional alpha-2 adrenoceptors in canine OAs, and (4)
      prejunctional angiotensin II receptors may exist in isolated OA preparations.

PMID- 3402249
TI  - Temperature of the hyperemic bulbar conjunctiva.
AB  - The relationship between bulbar conjunctival hyperemia and temperature was
      investigated. Conjunctival redness was induced in eighteen volunteers by
      instilling hypertonic saline into the conjunctival sac. The degree of redness was
      estimated using a subjective grading scale. The subsequent changes in temperature
      of the nasal bulbar conjunctiva were monitored using an infra-red bolometer.
      Conjunctival hyperemia was significantly correlated with conjunctival
      temperature; the maximum response of a 3-grade change in redness was accompanied
      by an increase of 0.5 degrees C in temperature. These findings confirm the
      classic association between inflammation, rubor and calor.

PMID- 3402250
TI  - Surgical drainage of abdominal abscesses: going a familiar route.

PMID- 3402251
TI  - Enlarged social responsibility: an ethical imperative.

PMID- 3402252
TI  - Total depletion of iron stores with moderate anemia brings about a significant
      risk in abdominal operations: an experimental study on rats.

PMID- 3402253
TI  - The effect of peritonitis on myocardial insulin responsiveness in conscious dogs.

PMID- 3402254
TI  - An improved method of internal cardiac massage promotes salvage of ischemic
      myocardium.

PMID- 3402255
TI  - Human recombinant mullerian inhibiting substance inhibits epidermal growth
      factor.

PMID- 3402256
TI  - Whole body oxygen extraction ratio as an indicator of cardiac status in anemia.

PMID- 3402257
TI  - Determination of pH and pKa in human peritoneal fluid.

PMID- 3402258
TI  - Speech and language impairment and psychiatric disorder: the relevance of family
      demographic variables.

PMID- 3402259
TI  - Acute stress response in anorexia nervosa. A pilot study.

PMID- 3402260
TI  - A borderline style of functioning--the role of family, society and heredity: an
      overview.

PMID- 3402261
TI  - Self-reported depression in psychiatric, pediatric, and normal populations.

PMID- 3402262
TI  - Adopting and fostering children with AIDS: policies and progress.

PMID- 3402264
TI  - Pediatric HIV infection.

PMID- 3402263
TI  - Project TIES: enhancing the affective environment of head start children,
      families and staff.

PMID- 3402265
TI  - Pediatric HIV: more than a health problem.

PMID- 3402266
TI  - The transagency approach: a model for serving children with HIV infection and
      their families.

PMID- 3402267
TI  - [Changes in leucine-enkephalin concentrations in the lumbar cerebrospinal fluid
      from patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease].

PMID- 3402268
TI  - [Brain stem auditory evoked potentials in vertigo caused by mild vertebro-basilar
      ischemia].

PMID- 3402269
TI  - [Natural history of cerebral infarction: a study of 94 cases diagnosed by CT scan
      and followed up for 1-7 years].

PMID- 3402270
TI  - [Pattern visual evoked potentials in patients with occipital infarction].

PMID- 3402271
TI  - [Clinical and CT analysis of multiple cerebral infarction (with a report of 261
      cases)].

PMID- 3402272
TI  - [Experimental model of regional cerebral ischemia induced by occlusion of the
      middle cerebral artery in the rat].

PMID- 3402274
TI  - [Plasma concentrations of thromboxane B2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha in patients with
      cerebral hemorrhage].

PMID- 3402273
TI  - [Determinations of CSF and plasma concentrations of thromboxane B2 and 6-keto
      PGF1 alpha in stroke patients].

PMID- 3402275
TI  - [Antithrombin-III levels in patients with acute cerebrovascular disease].

PMID- 3402276
TI  - [Use of the "Limb-angle typing method" in hypertensive putamenal hemorrhage].

PMID- 3402277
TI  - [Cytological examination of the CSF in leptospiral cerebral arteritis].

PMID- 3402278
TI  - [Differences in susceptibility of the juvenile brain and adult brain to post
      ischemic cerebral edema].

PMID- 3402279
TI  - Flow cytometric evaluation of cell cycle characteristics during in vitro
      differentiation of chick embryo chondrocytes.
AB  - The cell cycle kinetic characteristics of chick endochondral chondrocytes
      differentiating in vitro were studied by flow cytometry. In addition, the
      synthesis of type I and type X collagens of the same cells was evaluated by
      immunoprecipitation. Dedifferentiated cells, derived from chick embryo tibiae and
      grown attached to a substratum, were characterized by type I collagen synthesis,
      a high growth fraction (GF = 0.94), minimal cell loss factor (phi = 0.02), and a
      total cell cycle time of the proliferating cells of about 17 h (tG1 = 8 h, tS = 5
      h, and tG2 + M = 4 h). Transfer of dedifferentiated cells to suspension culture
      on agarose-coated dishes induced differentiation to hypertrophic chondrocytes.
      These were characterized by type X collagen synthesis, a low growth fraction (GF
      = 0.52), maximal cell loss factor (phi = 1.0), and a total cell cycle time of the
      proliferating cells of about 73 h (tG1 = 53 h, tS = 12 h, and tG2 + M = 8 h). The
      transition from dedifferentiated chondrocytes to hypertrophic chondrocytes was
      accompanied by large increases of the duration of all the cell cycle phases and
      of the number of quiescent and degenerating cells. Associated with these
      alterations in cell cycle kinetics was a switch from type I to type X collagen
      synthesis. Further preliminary data suggest that the population of
      differentiating chondrocytes (a state between dedifferentiated and hypertrophic
      chondrocytes) comprises a heterogeneous population of fast and slow growing
      cells.

PMID- 3402280
TI  - Comparison of frequency distributions in flow cytometry.
AB  - A number of methods have previously been considered for the statistical
      comparison of flow cytometric frequency distributions. For two distributions, the
      foremost of these is the Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) test, which has been criticized
      as "too sensitive." We discuss some alternative methods based on the Poisson
      distribution. The assumption of Poisson variation within channels allows the use
      of channel-by-channel confidence intervals and chi-square tests. These are simple
      and more appropriate for discrete data than the K-S test. Graphical displays of
      these and other techniques are presented. We also attempt to set the problem in
      an appropriate context. We argue that any statistical procedure must rest on a
      reasonable understanding of the nature of the variability in the system. This
      understanding takes the form of an appropriate probability model, which may be
      approximate but must provide a reasonably accurate description of the data.
      Incomplete understanding of the data can lead to inappropriate analysis. We
      discuss the assumptions that underlie our techniques and consider extensions to
      more complex situations.

PMID- 3402281
TI  - Isolation of highly multidrug-resistant P388 cells from drug-sensitive P388/S
      cells by flow cytometric cell sorting.
AB  - To investigate the spontaneous frequency of occurrence of stable multidrug
      resistant cells in a population of drug-sensitive cells, we exposed drug
      sensitive P388/S cells to daunorubicin (dnr) for 1 h, then used fluorescence
      activated cell sorting based on intracellular dnr fluorescence to isolate cells
      within P388/S having different intracellular content of drug. One of the sort
      windows chosen (low dnr content sort window) isolated only P388/S cells with
      intracellular drug content equal to or less than that of the known multidrug
      resistant subline P388/adr. This sort window constituted approximately 3% of
      P388/S cells with lowest dnr content. By such a procedure we were able, on one of
      seven attempts, to isolate and cultivate stable, highly multidrug-resistant cells
      (comparable to that of P388/adr) from the P388/S cells obtained from the low dnr
      content sort window. Net growth of cells in culture was observed 15-20 days after
      sorting, indicating that of the P388/S cells collected from the low dnr-content
      sort window, very few were actually highly drug-resistant. On no occasion could
      resistant cells be cultivated from cells sorted from P388/S with higher dnr
      content, as would be expected if mutation to a multidrug-resistant phenotype had
      occurred as a result of exposure to drug. The resistant cells isolated from
      P388/S by sorting (called P388/LoSort) displayed low intracellular accumulation
      of dnr that was enhanced by verapamil, were cross-resistant to vincristine and
      actinomycin-D, and distinct from P388/S, possessed a 150- to 160-kD membrane
      species identified by Vinca alkaloid photoaffinity labeling.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3402282
TI  - Microtubule and microfilament distribution and tubulin content in the cell cycle
      of Indian muntjac cells.
AB  - Using DAPI, rabbit antitubulin antibody, FITC-labeled goat anti-rabbit IgG, and
      TRITC-phalloidin to stain individual cells, the microspectrophotometric analysis
      showed that three markers that represent the nucleus, microtubules (MT), and
      microfilaments (MF), respectively, could be recognized in individual cells
      without interference. The phase of the cell cycle was determined by DNA content.
      We found that in Indian muntjac (IM) cells, the amount of tubulin in G2 and M
      phases was about twice as much as that in G1 phase. In G2 cells, the cytoplasmic
      microtubule complex (CMTC) became denser than in G1 cells. The cytoplasmic MT
      extent in basically the same orientation as MF bundles in interphase. The regions
      where the MT is denser also have a denser MF distribution.

PMID- 3402283
TI  - Flow cytometric analysis of the phenotypic changes in tumour cell lines following
      TPA induction.
AB  - Single-cell analysis by flow cytometry has enabled us to analyze the effects of a
      phorbol ester and known tumour promoter, TPA, on the phenotypes of four tumour
      lines. TPA is capable of triggering a variety of cellular alterations that can
      affect gene expression and the biochemical balance of intracellular events. We
      have investigated the effect of TPA on such properties as rate of proliferation,
      differentiation, expression of cell surface molecules, and susceptibility to
      natural killer (NK) cell-mediated cytolysis. Four human leukemia and lymphoma
      cell lines; K562, MOLT 4, Raji, and HL60, were studied in their response to TPA
      treatment. Based on measurements of the defined cellular properties, we have
      characterized the pleiotropic responses of each tumour cell line to the phorbol
      ester in relation to intensity and time of onset of each response. The effects of
      TPA are highly varied, ranging in time of onset from minutes to days, and in
      intensity from strong to weak within the four cell lines studied. However, within
      all the processes that are affected, the activation of protein kinase C appears
      to be a common initiating event of phorbol ester induction.

PMID- 3402284
TI  - Internal fistulas in diverticular disease.
AB  - Internal fistulas in diverticular disease are uncommon and have a reputation of
      being difficult to treat. Eighty four patients treated from 1960 to April 1986,
      representing 20.4 percent (84 of 412) of the surgically treated diverticular
      disease patients, were reviewed. Eight patients had multiple fistulas. Sixty-five
      percent (60 to 92) of fistulas were colovesical, 25 percent (23 of 92)
      colovaginal, 6.5 percent (6 of 92) coloenteric, and 3 percent (3 of 92)
      colouterine fistulas. There were 66 percent (35 of 53) males and 34 percent (18
      of 53) females with colovesical fistulas only. Hysterectomies had been performed
      in 50 percent (12 of 24) and 83 percent (19 of 23) of females with colovesical
      and colovaginal fistulas, respectively. Operative management included: resection
      anastomosis, resection with anastomosis and diversion, Hartmann procedure, and
      three-stage procedure. In the latter half of the series there was a significant
      decrease in staging procedures with no significant statistical difference in
      complications. There were three deaths (3.5 percent) in the series. Other
      complications included: wound infection, 21 percent (18 of 84), enterocutaneous
      fistula, 1 percent (4 of 84), and anastomotic dehiscence, 5 percent (4 of 84).
      Primary anastomosis can be performed with acceptable morbidity and mortality and
      today is the procedure of choice, leaving staging procedures to selected
      patients.

PMID- 3402285
TI  - Anorectal sepsis as a presentation of occult rectal and systemic disease.
AB  - Between 1980 and 1982, 233 patients were treated for anorectal sepsis in three
      hospitals. The incidence of underlying disease associated with perianal sepsis
      and the results of surgical treatment were assessed retrospectively. Of the 233
      patients who had perianal sepsis, 136 (58.4 percent) had perianal abscesses,
      while a further 12 (5.1 percent) had associated fistulas. Ischiorectal abscesses
      were found in 79 (33.9 percent) and a further two (0.9 percent) had fistulas.
      Four (1.8 percent) patients were found to have intersphincteric abscesses. One
      hundred and nine (46.8 percent) had examinations under anesthesia or definitive
      procedures, while the remaining 124 (53.2 percent) had incision and drainage
      alone. A second procedure was required by 55 (23.6 percent) patients, 40 (32
      percent) in the group who had incision and drainage only and 15 (14 percent) of
      those having initial examinations under anesthesia (P less than .001). Twenty
      seven (11.6 percent) patients had occult disease. Twelve patients (5.1 percent)
      had systemic disease (six diabetic, three nongastrointestinal neoplasia, two
      inflammatory, and 1 hematologic), while of the 109 patients who had examinations
      under anesthesia, 15 (6.4 percent) had associated colorectal pathology (four
      neoplasia, 11 inflammatory). It is important that patients with anorectal sepsis
      have complete medical and surgical assessments at the time of their first
      admission.

PMID- 3402286
TI  - Adenocarcinoid of the vermiform appendix. A clinicopathologic study of 20 cases.
AB  - Adenocarcinoid of the appendix is a tumor that shares the histologic features of
      both carcinoids and adenocarcinomas. The metastatic ability of the tumor is
      uncertain. Twenty consecutive cases of adenocarcinoids were compared with 88
      cases of conventional appendiceal carcinoids. Metastatic tumor spread was found
      in six of 20 cases of adenocarcinoids, but in none of the conventional
      carcinoids. Metastasizing tumors were characterized by a moderate to severe
      nuclear atypia and a high mitotic count. These features were present in only two
      of the nonmetastasizing tumors, one of which was treated by hemicolectomy.
      Adenocarcinoids showing moderate or severe nuclear atypia, a mitotic count of two
      or more mitoses/10 high power fields, or spread beyond the appendix should be
      treated by hemicolectomy. If these features are not present, simple appendectomy
      is adequate.

PMID- 3402287
TI  - Giant colonic diverticula--three distinct entities. Report of a case.
AB  - A case report and review of the literature support a new theory that giant
      colonic diverticula are three distinct pathologic entities. The three types can
      be separated by histologic type.

PMID- 3402288
TI  - Burkitt's lymphoma protruding through the anus. Report of an unusual case.
AB  - A four-year-old boy had a cecoanal intussusception prolapsing through the anus. A
      4 x 4 cm cecal tumor served as the leading point of the intussusception.
      Laparotomy and histology revealed that the tumor was a solitary Burkitt's
      lymphoma of the cecum. Isolated Burkitt's lymphoma, as presented here, is rare,
      and such a combination has never been reported. Intussusception prolapsing
      through the anus and Burkitt's lymphoma are discussed, as well as a possible
      reason for the rarity of the condition.

PMID- 3402289
TI  - Tandem colovaginoscopy in the diagnosis of colovaginal fistula.
AB  - The diagnosis of colovaginal fistula with the traditional methods of contrast
      enema, sigmoidoscopy, and vaginal speculum examination can be problematic.
      Precise identification of the pathologic anatomy underlying the colovaginal
      fistula can be obtained by simultaneous flexible fiberoptic vaginoscopy and
      colonscopy.

PMID- 3402290
TI  - Fine-needle aspiration cytology of rectal tumors.
AB  - This report describes the application of fine-needle aspiration cytology to
      rectal tumors and metastatic deposits in the rectovesical pouch using a short
      proctoscope and an 8-cm long fine needle.

PMID- 3402291
TI  - Mortality from diabetes in Nauru. Results of 4-yr follow-up.
AB  - A population survey in 1982 confirmed that Nauruan adults suffer from an
      extremely high prevalence (24%) of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. A
      follow-up study of the survey subjects was conducted in 1986. The aim was to
      assess the burden of diabetes to Nauruans in terms of premature mortality. Age
      adjusted mortality rates for diabetic subjects were significantly increased when
      compared with normal subjects (relative risks for 4-yr mortality were 4.53 in
      men, P less than .01, and 3.96 in women, P less than .05). Although there was an
      excess number of deaths among diabetic subjects compared with normal subjects and
      subjects with impaired glucose tolerance, there was no significant association
      between cause of death and diabetes.

PMID- 3402293
TI  - Assessment of past glycemic control. Measure fructosamine, hemoglobin A1, or
      both?

PMID- 3402292
TI  - Determinants of hospital admission and case fatality in diabetic patients with
      myocardial infarction.
AB  - We compare the clinical features and hospital outcomes in 83 diabetic patients
      admitted with acute myocardial infarction and 380 nondiabetic patients with
      levels of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) low enough to exclude undiagnosed
      diabetes. The hospital mortality was 42.2% in diabetic and 24.7% in nondiabetic
      patients, an odds ratio of 2.22 (CI 1.37-3.60, P less than .002). The excess
      mortality was due to cardiogenic shock and left ventricular failure (pump
      failure). There was no difference in peak levels of aspartate transaminase
      between the groups. Among the diabetic patients, the admission levels of plasma
      glucose and peak levels of aspartate transaminase were higher among those who
      developed pump failure or died, but there was no relationship between outcome and
      gender, disease duration, or treatment. Prior blood glucose control, as judged by
      levels of HbA1c, was not related to hospital outcome (P greater than .5). In a
      further study, the 83 diabetic patients were compared with 249 age- and sex
      matched diabetic subjects without myocardial infarction for treatment, disease
      duration, and control. There was an increased risk of admission with myocardial
      infarction of 2.35 (CI 1.41-3.92, P less than .005) within the first 5 yr of
      diagnosis of diabetes. Infarct patients had significantly lower levels of HbA1c
      than control subjects (P less than .005), but treatment did not differ between
      groups. Neither incidence nor case fatality of myocardial infarction in diabetic
      patients is positively associated with cumulative glycemic exposure.

PMID- 3402294
TI  - Type A behavior pattern and chronic glycemic control in individuals with IDDM.

PMID- 3402295
TI  - Diabetic ketoalkalosis.

PMID- 3402296
TI  - Improvement of postural hypotension and severe diabetic autonomic neuropathy
      during pregnancy.

PMID- 3402297
TI  - Another complication associated with CSII systems.

PMID- 3402299
TI  - Does a common mechanism induce diverse complications of diabetes?

PMID- 3402298
TI  - Which method of urine collection and expression of results for albuminuria when
      screening for incipient diabetic nephropathy?

PMID- 3402300
TI  - Atherosclerotic vascular disease and its risk factors in non-insulin-dependent
      diabetic and nondiabetic subjects in Finland.
AB  - A cross-sectional study on the prevalence of atherosclerotic vascular disease
      (ASVD) and its risk factors in non-insulin-dependent diabetic and nondiabetic
      subjects was carried out from 1982 to 1984 in East Finland (Kuopio) and West
      Finland (Turku), two areas known to differ markedly in prevalence of ASVD in the
      nondiabetic population. A total of 510 diabetic and 649 nondiabetic subjects aged
      45-64 yr were examined in East Finland and 549 diabetic and 724 nondiabetic
      subjects of the same age in West Finland. In both areas and in both sexes the
      prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, and intermittent claudication
      was higher in diabetic than in nondiabetic subjects. Both in diabetic and
      nondiabetic subjects the prevalence of ASVD was higher in East Finland than in
      West Finland. In men, the East-West difference in the prevalence of symptomatic
      CHD and claudication was greater in diabetic than in nondiabetic subjects. In
      both areas and in both sexes the serum lipid pattern was more atherogenic and
      hypertension was more frequent in diabetic than in nondiabetic subjects. In both
      diabetic and nondiabetic subjects, serum total-cholesterol level was somewhat
      higher and hypertension was more frequent in East Finland than in West Finland.
      The East-West difference in serum total-cholesterol was greater in diabetic than
      in nondiabetic subjects. In multiple logistic analyses including cardiovascular
      risk factors, diabetes status, and area of residence, residence in East Finland
      was found to be, in addition to diabetes, a strong independent factor associated
      with CHD, particularly in men.

PMID- 3402301
TI  - Progression of lower-extremity arterial occlusive disease in type II diabetes
      mellitus.
AB  - The prevalence of lower-extremity arterial occlusive disease (LEAOD), the
      progression of LEAOD, and the incidence of new LEAOD were determined by
      noninvasive method in 410 volunteers between the ages of 50 and 70 yr; 252
      individuals had type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes, 158 were control
      subjects. LEAOD was monitored with the ankle/arm systolic blood pressure index in
      combination with Doppler arterial velocity waveform analysis. LEAOD was much more
      prevalent in the type II patients (22%, 55 of 252) than in the control subjects
      (3%, 4 of 158) (P less than .00001). The prevalence of risk factors for LEAOD was
      much higher in the type II patients, including elevated triglyceride, depressed
      high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, hypertension, smoking, and elevated
      systolic blood pressure. In type II diabetic patients the incidence of new LEAOD
      over a 2-yr period (14%, 28 of 197) was lower than the incidence of LEAOD
      progression (87%, 45 of 52). Type II patients with LEAOD also had a high
      incidence of mortality (22%, 12 of 55) compared with those without LEAOD (4%, 8
      of 197) (P less than .0005). A risk score including smoking history, duration of
      diabetes, depressed HDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, elevated systolic blood
      pressure, and low obesity index is related to LEAOD. After accounting for the
      effect of all of the risk factors, we suggest that type II diabetes contributes
      additional risk for LEAOD.

PMID- 3402302
TI  - Early detection of neurological involvement in IDDM and NIDDM. Multimodal evoked
      potentials versus metabolic control.
AB  - Clarification of the extent and mechanisms of damage to the central nervous
      system in diabetes is a frontier of current neurological research. Our aim was to
      obtain ample electrophysiological documentation of possible neurological
      abnormalities in both insulin-dependent (IDDM) and non-insulin-dependent (NIDDM)
      diabetic patients with a short duration of disease and without overt
      complications, taking into account metabolic control. Group 1 comprised 11 IDDM
      patients, and group 2 included 14 NIDDM patients treated with diet alone; the
      duration of disease was less than 4 yr, and no concomitant clinical complications
      were present. Age- and sex-matched normal subjects formed groups 3 and 4. Pattern
      visual evoked potentials (VEP), brain stem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP), and
      somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP; after the stimulation of both median and
      tibial nerves) were recorded in all subjects, and metabolic control was evaluated
      in terms of glycemia and glycosylated hemoglobin. In group 1, significant
      abnormalities were found in the latency values of VEP, median SEP, and tibial SEP
      compared with control subjects. Similar latency abnormalities were shown in group
      2 for VEP, median SEP, and tibial SEP values and for wave I latency of BAEP.
      Glycosylated hemoglobin values were correlated with BAEP and SEP abnormalities in
      many patients in both groups. Furthermore, in group 2, glycemic values correlated
      with SEP abnormalities. We therefore conclude that neurophysiological
      abnormalities are present at different levels in IDDM and NIDDM patients only a
      few years after clinical diagnosis and before the appearance of overt
      complications, and these abnormalities seem to be correlated with metabolic
      control status.

PMID- 3402303
TI  - Specific assessments of warm and cool sensitivities in adult diabetic patients.
AB  - We have specifically examined warm and cool sensitivities in 60 diabetic and 43
      nondiabetic individuals. Diabetic patients tended to have less warm and cool
      sensitivity than the control subjects (P less than .001 for age less than 50 yr
      and P less than .05 for age greater than or equal to 50 yr). Both patients
      asymptomatic for neuropathy and patients with symptoms had impairment of warm and
      cool sensitivity (P less than .05 for comparisons with control subjects). These
      differences persisted (P less than .05) in covariance analyses with age included
      as a covariate. There was a nonlinear association between warm sensitivity and
      hemoglobin A1c. Warm-sensitivity values in the lowest and middle tertiles of the
      hemoglobin A1c distribution were similar; however, warm-sensitivity values of
      patients in the highest tertile were markedly increased (P less than .05 for the
      comparison of the highest tertile with the lowest and middle tertiles combined).
      There tended to be more warm insensitivity than cool insensitivity among the
      diabetic patients, and this difference increased with worsening glycemia. These
      data indicate that both warm and cool sensations are markedly impaired in
      asymptomatic adult diabetic patients. They also suggest that warm sensitivity is
      more impaired than cool sensitivity, and that this is the result of a stronger
      association between warm sensitivity and metabolic factors.

PMID- 3402304
TI  - Short-term vs. overnight urine collection for screening of urinary albumin
      excretion rate.

PMID- 3402305
TI  - Prediction and immunosuppression of type I diabetes.

PMID- 3402306
TI  - Is HbA1 measurement superfluous in NIDDM?

PMID- 3402307
TI  - Computer-generated formats for SMBG data.

PMID- 3402308
TI  - Is difference of arterial and venous oxygen content a possible marker for
      diabetic foot?

PMID- 3402309
TI  - Accuracy of time-delayed filter-paper blood glucose determination.

PMID- 3402310
TI  - Expression of the three unlinked isocoding actin genes of Physarum polycephalum.
AB  - The actin gene family in Physarum polycephalum contains four unlinked loci: ardA,
      ardB, ardC, and ardD. The ardA locus is complex and probably contains two genes
      which we designated ardA2-7 and ardA2-17. cDNA clones corresponding to the ardB
      and ardC loci were isolated. Nucleic acid sequencing showed that these two cDNAs
      coded for the only abundant form of Physarum actin, which is 96% homologous to
      human gamma-cytoplasmic actin. The ardA2-17 gene also codes for this same actin
      protein (Nader et al., Gene 48, 133-144, 1986). The coding regions of ardB and
      ardC differ by 15 nucleotides. A comparison of the ardB and ardC sequences with
      ardA2-17 showed 73 and 77 nucleotide substitutions, respectively, in the coding
      regions. The noncoding regions of these three sequences were not homologous to
      each other or to the noncoding regions of actin genes from other organisms.
      Southern genomic hybridizations indicated that the ardA2-7 and ardD genes have
      weak sequence similarities to the three isocoding actin genes and thus form a
      different subclass of the family. Northern hybridizations showed that the ardB
      and ardC transcripts varied in abundance but were present in all the
      developmental stages. No ardA2-17 transcripts were seen. The relative abundance
      of the ardB and ardC transcripts was measured in amoebae and plasmodia by S1
      nuclease protection and dot hybridization assays. A ratio of approximately 3:1
      for ardC versus ardB was found for both stages. P. polycephalum is the first
      organism shown to contain three unlinked isocoding actin genes, of which at least
      two are expressed.

PMID- 3402311
TI  - DNA sequence (H) curves of the human immunodeficiency virus 1 and some related
      viral genomes.
AB  - The complete nucleotide sequences of several human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV
      1) genomes were converted by computer to respective H curves. These three
      dimensional space curves embody all the information contained in the sequence due
      to their abstract vectorial structure. For one sequence (HIV-1 isolate BRU)
      special efforts were made to maximize the available resolution (the number of
      nucleotides visually discernible within a unit length of the curve) when making a
      hard, master copy of the H curve. Using a computergraphic/photographic hybrid
      process the 9191 nucleotides of this HIV-1 sequence were condensed into an H
      curve of only 37.1 cm vertical length. Although each 1-mm segment of this curve
      represented 25 nucleotide residues, each of the individual nucleotides of the
      entire sequence was still distinguishable upon direct inspection using a simple
      magnifying lens. Several functionally important loci of the HIV-1 sequence could
      be recognized on the H curve owing to characteristic line forms at corresponding
      locations. Utilizing H curves of lower resolution, the total nucleotide sequences
      of several different HIV-1 isolates and related viral sequences [Visna, equine
      infectious anemia (EIAV), Moloney murine leukemia (Mo-MLV), bovine leukemia
      (BLV), and human T-cell leukemia, type I (HTLV-I)] were visually compared side by
      side. An interesting similarity was noted between the location of the S3 fragment
      of the EIAV sequence and that of a relatively G-C rich region on the env portion
      of the HIV-1 sequences.

PMID- 3402312
TI  - Spontaneous retinal haemorrhages.
AB  - Five patients are described with spontaneous retinal haemorrhages. In two
      patients small retinal hemorrhages occurred at the posterior pole, in one of them
      after physical exertion. In three patients multiple small round haemorrhages
      occurred in the retina, in one of them after physical exertion, in two of them
      associated with large preretinal subhyaloidal haemorrhages. The haemorrhages
      developed at relatively young age and only in one eye, and cleared rapidly with
      good visual outcome. Physical exertion as pathogenic factor was only observed in
      two patients.

PMID- 3402313
TI  - 106Ru/106Rh plaque radiotherapy for malignant melanomas of the choroid. With
      follow-up results more than 5 years.
AB  - Therapeutic results are presented with follow-up examinations of at least 5 years
      (min. 5 years, max. 22 years) after 106Ru/106Rh plaque radiotherapy of posterior
      uveal melanomas. Out of 227 patients 146 (= 64.3%) could be treated successfully,
      37 (= 16.3%) had to be enucleated and are alive, 44 (= 19.4%) died from
      metastases and 40 (17.6%) from other causes. 75.0% of all small melanomas (T1a)
      showed an excellent regression pattern to flat scars. Five years after treatment
      the survival rate was 83.7% (deaths from any causes) respectively 88.2% (deaths
      from metastases only) and 64.8% (deaths from any causes) respectively 79.7%
      (deaths from metastases only) ten years after irradiation. 106Ru/106Rh plaque
      radiotherapy can be recommended for small (T1a, b) and medium sized (T2)
      choroidal melanomas.

PMID- 3402314
TI  - Radiation-retino and opticopathy.
AB  - This is an ad-interim report of a prospective study of irradiation pathology of
      retina and optic nerve following radiotherapy of tumors in the perinasal region.
      It is estimated that in approximately 20% of the cases after 1-3 years interval
      pathology of retina and optic nerve will occur.

PMID- 3402315
TI  - Electrophysiological discrimination between retinal and optic nerve disorders.
AB  - In this study we show how the Pattern ERG (PERG) can be used to distinguish
      between optic nerve and retinal disease. Records from eyes with RBN and delayed
      visual evoked responses are compared with those recorded from the normal fellow
      eyes. In optic nerve disease there is a selective reduction of the later negative
      component of the PERG. PERGs were also recorded from patients with mild diabetic
      retinopathy. These were divided into three groups on the basis of the delay in
      their Visual Evoked Potential (VEP). The amplitude of both positive and negative
      components of the PERG fall with increasing severity of the disease thus showing
      that the abnormally long delay in VEP found in some cases is due to retinal
      disease rather than optic nerve disease.

PMID- 3402316
TI  - Simultaneously recorded macular and paramacular ERGs in diseases affecting the
      central retina.
AB  - Macular and paramacular ERGs in response to two alternating checks (6 deg/side)
      obtained from a standard TV stimulator were recorded in 34 normal subjects and in
      54 patients affected by different macular diseases. Macular ERG amplitude and the
      amplitude ratio between macular and paramacular ERGs (M/P ratio) were measured.
      In normals, the intersubjects' variability of macular ERG was comparable to that
      reported using different stimulation/recording techniques. Macular ERG amplitude
      (but not the M/P ratio) was significantly affected by age. In patients, the mean
      amplitude of macular ERG and the mean M/P ratio were significantly lower than
      normal values. At least one of these two parameters was abnormal in 78.5% of eyes
      with maculopathy. Both macular ERG amplitude and M/P ratio were significantly
      correlated with visual acuity. The present results indicate that simultaneous
      macular and paramacular ERGs can be easily and reliably recorded in clinical
      routine to evaluate macular function. This technique appears to be particularly
      sensitive in hereditary macular diseases in which photoreceptors are primarily
      involved.

PMID- 3402317
TI  - Clinical applications of pattern electroretinography: melanoma, retinal
      detachment and glaucoma.
AB  - A comparison between results obtained by pattern electroretinography (ERG),
      Ganzfeld cone and rod-ERG was made in 7 patients suffering from melanoma,
      glaucoma and retinal detachment. It was shown that the extent of the lesions, not
      seen ophthalmoscopically, can be well monitored by the second harmonic component
      of pattern electroretinography in cases where conventional Ganzfeld ERG's do not
      reveal defects. Especially damage caused by acute glaucoma attacks and those
      stemming from chronic hypertension can be well differentiated.

PMID- 3402319
TI  - Effect of pre-adaptation on pattern electroretinogram (P-ERG).
AB  - Up to now light and dark adaptation are considered as of minor importance when
      recording the pattern electroretionogram (P-ERG) which in man reflects cone
      vision. In order to test this supposition transient P-ERGs were recorded in six
      healthy subjects to a reversing checkerboard pattern produced by a pivoted mirror
      system after two minutes of pre-exposure to darkness (1), to the pattern reversal
      stimulus (2), and to uniform illumination of 3.3 log cd/m2 (3). Field size was 18
      x 20 degrees, check size 69 min of arc, reversal frequency 3.5/s, contrast 0.95.
      When recording the P-ERG within the first 30 s after pre-exposure, the
      amplitude/luminance function of the p-q and the q-r component was shifted along
      the luminance axis without changing the maximum amplitude. For a criterion
      response of 1.5 microV there was a sensitivity difference of 1.3 log units
      between measurements after pre-exposure to darkness and after strong
      illumination. Furthermore, the P-ERG latencies of the q and the r component
      displayed significantly shorter values after pre-exposure to strong light than
      after darkness, whereas no change of p-latency was recorded. We conclude that pre
      exposure to darkness and strong illumination has no effect on the P-ERG elicited
      at high luminance levels. However, pre-adaptation should be considered when
      recording the P-ERG at luminance levels near threshold.

PMID- 3402318
TI  - Scotopic stimulus/response relations of the B-wave of the electroretinogram.
AB  - Scotopic b-wave stimulus/response (S/R) functions are abnormal in several human
      retinal degenerative disorders. However, the mechanisms by which diseases affect
      the S/R parameters are not yet fully known. Three experiments were done to
      simulate functional pathologies known to occur in retinal degenerations: 1)
      attenuated sensitivity of retinal units, 2) loss of rhodopsin, 3) loss of
      sensitivity with little or no loss of rhodopsin. None of the experimental
      perturbations of normal function replicated the pattern of S/R abnormalities
      caused by retinal degenerations. Thus, in the retinal degenerative disorders
      intrinsic abnormalities of cellular processing must affect the organization of
      distal retinal function indexed by the b-wave.

PMID- 3402321
TI  - Temporal frequency characteristics of retinitis pigmentosa obtained by pattern
      visual evoked cortical potential to checkerboard stimuli.
AB  - We examined temporal frequency curves by pattern visual evoked potential in 28
      eyes suffering from retinitis pigmentosa (RP). The peak latency of the P100
      component was 110.3 +/- 3.0 msec (S.E.), which was not significantly different
      from the 110.2 +/- 0.8 msec (S.E.) obtained from 60 normal controls. The P100
      amplitudes of whole reversal frequencies, however, were decreased in patients
      with RP (p less than 0.05), especially at lower frequencies. We thought this
      phenomenon was useful for determining central visual function in patients with
      RP.

PMID- 3402320
TI  - Corneal D.C. recordings of slow ocular potential changes such as the ERG c-wave
      and the light peak in clinical work. Equipment and examples of results.
AB  - A set-up for D.C. recordings of slow ocular potentials such as the c-wave of the
      electroretinogram (ERG) as well as the fast oscillation (FO), the light peak (LP)
      and the dark trough (DT) in both clinical and experimental work is described. It
      includes matched calomel half-cells connected by saline-agar bridges to a corneal
      contact lens on the eye and a reference chamber on the forehead, a low-drift
      differential-input D.C. amplifier, an A/D converter, a computer, a thermoprinter,
      a flexible disc memory, a plotter, and a device for light stimulation controlled
      by the computer. Examples of the usefulness of the set-up in clinical work are
      shown in the form of D.C. c-wave ERGs of normal subjects as well as of patients
      with vitelliform macular degeneration, choriocapillaris atrophy, and retinitis
      pigmentosa. The direct corneal recording of the FO and LP is demonstrated as
      well. The different origins of the standing potential (SP) of the eye, the ERG c
      wave, the FO and the LP are reviewed briefly.

PMID- 3402322
TI  - Pupil size and the steady-state pattern reversal visual evoked cortical
      potential.
AB  - 30 eye-healthy subjects were being examined, with their pupils reacting,
      mydriatic or miotic. Their pattern reversal visual evoked cortical potentials
      (PRVECP's) were recorded under steady-state conditions. Test conditions allowed
      establishing a statistically significant influence of pupil size on the PRVECP.

PMID- 3402323
TI  - CMSS-VEPs: contrast modulated steady state visual evoked potentials: its neuronal
      origin and clinical use.
AB  - CMSS-VEPs are presented as a sensitive, non-invasive functional investigation
      technique of the visual function, applicable in clinical practice. New
      improvements of the technique are presented. The underlying neuronal mechanisms
      are discussed. The clinical use is illustrated in a case of optic neuritis.

PMID- 3402324
TI  - On the movement of an iron particle in a magnetic field.
AB  - When moved by a magnetic field, an iron particle does not follow--quite
      oppositely to a widely held opinion--the field lines of the magnetic field.
      Rather, the force exerted onto the particle is directed towards the strongest
      increase of the magnetic field strength. The field lines and the force direction
      coincide only axially, radially they cross at an angle of 90 degrees. This has
      implications for ophthalmic surgery, when an extraction of iron splinters by a
      magnet is required.

PMID- 3402325
TI  - A natural clinical history of a severe accidental retinal laser burn at the
      posterior pole of the eye.

PMID- 3402327
TI  - Control of blood lipids in diabetes.

PMID- 3402326
TI  - Intravascular clotting factors.

PMID- 3402328
TI  - Epidemiology of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM).

PMID- 3402329
TI  - Education of the NIDDM.

PMID- 3402330
TI  - The association between heart rate and glycemia in adult diabetic subjects.
AB  - We have studied the association between heart rate and glycemia in 221 diabetic
      and 109 non-diabetic adult subjects. Supine and standing heart rates were both
      statistically significantly higher (P less than 0.001) in the diabetic patients
      than in the control subjects. Among the diabetics, both the supine and standing
      heart rates were positively associated with hemoglobin A1c (r = 0.26, P less than
      0.001 and r = 0.27, P less than 0.001 respectively). Patients with hemoglobin A1c
      values greater than 10.00% had a mean heart rate of 84.2 +/- 2.4, while those
      with hemoglobin A1c values less than 6.00% had a mean of 74.0 +/- 1.5 (P less
      than 0.001). The associations between heart rate and hemoglobin A1c persisted (P
      less than 0.001) with allowances for potential confounding variables in multiple
      regression analyses. The 15:30 difference, an indicator of parasympathetic
      function, was not associated with either heart rate or glycemia. These data
      suggest that the heart rate elevation in adult diabetic patients is the result of
      metabolic abnormalities.

PMID- 3402331
TI  - Microalbuminuria in diabetic subjects with chronic peripheral neuropathy.
AB  - Fifty-five patients with chronic peripheral neuropathy, 31 with and 24 without
      retinopathy, had albumin excretion rates determined on 2-h supine urine
      collections on three occasions by a radioimmunoassay method. Four patients with
      retinopathy had albustix-positive proteinuria and were excluded from subsequent
      analysis. Microalbuminuria was found in 20 of the 27 patients with retinopathy
      compared with 10 of the 24 patients with neuropathy alone. The mean albumin
      excretion rate (AER) was higher in neuropathic patients with retinopathy than in
      those patients with neuropathy alone (41.2 +/- 40.3 vs 18.8 +/- 33.2
      micrograms/min, P less than 0.01). Multivariate analysis of the data was
      performed and this revealed a correlation coefficient of R2 = 0.33 (P less than
      0.01) for AER as the dependent variable with respect to the independent variables
      HbA1, systolic blood pressure and known duration of diabetes. There was, however,
      no significant contribution separately of these individual variables to the
      regression equation. Microalbuminuria was significantly associated with
      retinopathy although almost half of the patients with neuropathy alone had
      microalbuminuria. The association between microalbuminuria and neuropathy even in
      the absence of retinopathy provides support for a microvascular element in the
      pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy.

PMID- 3402332
TI  - Non-invasive tests of neurovascular function: reduced axon reflex responses in
      diabetes mellitus of man and streptozotocin-induced diabetes of the rat.
AB  - The prevalence of neuropathy and microangiopathy complicating diabetes mellitus
      led to our development of non-invasive tests of neurovascular function. On the
      foot dorsum of consenting normal subjects, diabetic patients, normal and
      streptozotocin-induced (STZ) diabetic rats, transcutaneous electrical nerve
      stimulation (TENS) with 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 pulses at 150 V, 0.75 ms, at 2 Hz, evokes
      transient cutaneous axon reflex vasodilatation measured by a laser Doppler
      (Periflux Pfld). This tests the integrity of both the polymodal
      nociceptor/primary afferent nerves and microvessels in the skin. TENS-evoked axon
      reflexes are reduced in diabetics (particularly with neuropathy) and
      progressively in rats 40-100 days after STZ administration. This could be
      reversed in rats by a single injection of 3 units of soluble insulin at 100 days
      post STZ. The microvascular endothelium and smooth muscle are tested in man by
      measuring vasodilatation induced by iontophoretic application of 2 mC
      acetylcholine (ACh) and 4 mC sodium nitroprusside (NaNP), respectively. Diabetics
      show reduced ACh-evoked endothelium-dependent vasodilator responses, but the
      direct smooth muscle (endothelium-independent) responses evoked by NaNP are not
      reduced. Such functional neurovascular disturbances probably underlie many
      complications of diabetes mellitus, and the potential for these to be reversible
      with appropriate therapy can now be examined with such neurovascular tests.

PMID- 3402333
TI  - Capillary glucose determination in the screening of gestational diabetes.
AB  - Paired capillary-venous blood samples were obtained from 418 pregnant women
      undergoing an oral glucose challenge test (GCT) for the screening of gestational
      diabetes (GD). The relationship between capillary and plasma glucose
      concentrations was investigated in order to establish a capillary GCT threshold.
      Plasma glucose was assayed by the glucose oxidase method and capillary glucose
      using Reflocheck Glucose strips and a Reflocheck reflectance meter. During GCT
      the capillary values exceeded plasma glucose values by a mean difference of 10-12
      mg/dl fasting and 22-24 mg/dl after 1 h. A high correlation between the glucose
      values of the two techniques was found, particularly for those at 1 h, with
      corresponding capillary determinations being 20 mg/dl above plasma values. The
      sensitivity, specificity and predictive value of the various capillary thresholds
      investigated in detecting GD corresponded substantially to the accuracy of plasma
      thresholds 20 mg/dl lower. The receiver operator characteristic curves of the
      plasma and capillary thresholds were similar in shape and the optimal cut-off
      point for performing a diagnostic test was set at 135 and 155 mg/dl,
      respectively. These cut-off values should be reconsidered in the light of the
      costs and perinatal outcome.

PMID- 3402334
TI  - Increased mean platelet volume after acute myocardial infarction relates to
      diabetes and to cardiac failure.
AB  - Mean platelet volume, platelet count and an estimate of platelet volume
      distribution were studied following acute myocardial infarction in 59 diabetics
      and 88 non-diabetics and were compared with values in 100 non-diabetic and 50
      diabetic non-infarct subjects. In the non-diabetics mean platelet volume and
      platelet distribution width were similar in the non-infarcted patients and in the
      infarcted patients without severe cardiac failure. All diabetics with myocardial
      infarction had larger mean platelet volumes and platelet distribution width than
      the diabetic non-infarct controls. All myocardial infarction patients with severe
      cardiac failure had larger platelet volumes than patients with mild or no
      failure. Increased mean platelet volume may reflect either increased platelet
      activation or increased numbers of large, hyperaggregable platelets.
      Abnormalities of platelet function may contribute to the relatively poor
      prognosis of myocardial infarction in patients with diabetes.

PMID- 3402335
TI  - Aminotransferase activity in the liver of diabetic mice.
AB  - Enzyme activity in the livers of mice was studied in examining the metabolic
      disturbances of diabetes. Spontaneously non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice, mice with
      alloxan-induced diabetes (Allo), and control ICR mice were used. As NOD mice
      undergo a spontaneous pathogenic process over time, younger and older NOD mice
      were compared (non-diabetic and diabetic) as were control ICR mice. Two liver
      enzymes became more active with age, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine
      aminotransferase (ALT). AST activity increased more in the hyperglycemic mice,
      i.e., the diabetic NOD and the Allo mice, than in the normoglycemic group, i.e.,
      the ICR and non-diabetic NOD mice. Abnormally high AST activity was seen in the
      cytosolic fraction of the liver but not in the mitochondrial fraction. The
      changes in enzyme activity in diabetic mice were independent of any age
      associated changes. The higher AST levels in diabetic mice are thought to be
      consistent with their greater need for gluconeogenic substrate. AST showed a more
      notably higher increase than did ALT in this study, and lactate dehydrogenase
      showed no significant changes.

PMID- 3402336
TI  - Fractures due to severe generalised osteoporosis in a 44-year-old male with
      diabetes mellitus.
AB  - A 44-year-old Chinese male with a 7-year history of diabetes developed
      spontaneous fractures affecting the femur and distal tibia and fibula within a
      period of 4 months. Spontaneous rib fractures were also present. There was
      additional evidence of extensive tissue damage with retinopathy, proteinuria,
      necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum, peripheral neuropathy and autonomic
      neuropathy. Investigation confirmed the presence of generalised osteoporosis and
      showed no evidence of other metabolic bone disease or abnormal vitamin D
      metabolism. Mild hypogonadism was also present and investigation suggested a
      disturbance of hypothalamic-pituitary control of gonadal function. It is
      suggested that the severe generalised osteoporosis resulted from poorly
      controlled diabetes with a possible additional contribution from androgen
      deficiency secondary to the diabetes.

PMID- 3402338
TI  - [The role of the polar group in complex formation of cytochrome P-450 with
      phospholipids].

PMID- 3402337
TI  - [Comparative analysis of DNA-ligase genes of phages T6 and T4].

PMID- 3402339
TI  - Acute sinusitis and its management.

PMID- 3402340
TI  - Management of vaginal candidosis (thrush).

PMID- 3402341
TI  - [Experiences with 3151 central venous catheters at a surgical clinic].
AB  - The incidence of infection among over 3,000 central venous catheters, placed over
      a period of 18 months, was analysed, 1,570 retrospectively and 1,581
      prospectively. The Shaldon catheter had the highest infection rate of the various
      catheter types. Taking the findings of 983 catheters of one type, Cavafix, the
      infection rate was significantly higher when the internal jugular vein was the
      site of puncture instead of the cubital or subclavian veins. Signs of
      inflammation at the site of catheter entry were a further risk factor for
      infection. Although the clinical suspicion of catheter-induced sepsis proved
      groundless in nearly half the cases, early catheter removal is at present the
      most effective prophylactic means, while routine weekly catheter replacement did
      not reduce the infection rate. Catheter colonization and catheter sepsis are
      predominantly problems of nursing and hygiene. The infection rate was reduced
      through nursing and supervision by personnel specially trained in infectious
      precautions.

PMID- 3402342
TI  - [Membranous subvalvular aortic stenosis. Its detection by transthoracic and
      transesophageal 2-D Doppler echocardiography].
AB  - Five patients (four males and one female, aged 29 to 75 years) with subaortic
      stenoses were examined by transthoracal and transoesophageal echocardiography,
      including two-dimensional Doppler echocardiography. In only one patient could the
      obstruction of the left ventricular outflow tract be definitively evaluated by
      transthoracal echocardiography, whereas by transoesophageal echocardiography the
      presence of a subaortic membrane could be demonstrated in all patients. The
      latter method thus proved to be reliable in evaluating the extent of obstruction.

PMID- 3402344
TI  - [Indications for extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy in nephrolithiasis].

PMID- 3402343
TI  - [Arterial regional chemotherapy of advanced breast cancer].
AB  - From October 1985 to November 1987, arterial regional chemotherapy with
      mitoxantrone was undertaken in 18 patients with primary far advanced carcinoma of
      the breast, of inflammatory or ulcerating type. Two patients had a bilateral
      carcinoma. Eight weeks after regional chemotherapy 18 of 20 tumours had become
      operable. Regression of tumour size by at least 50% (checked by mammography) was
      achieved in seven patients. Axillary lymphadenectomy gave negative results in 6
      of 17 patients. Conversion of the receptor status occurred in only 2 of 12
      patients. There were only few side effects: alopecia in 20%, leucopenia less than
      2,500/microliters in 18%, thrombocytopenia less than 100,000/microliters in 7%
      patient. After a follow-up period of up to 28 months local recurrence was noted
      in two, distant metastases in three cases. A totally disease-free period was
      achieved in 14 patients.

PMID- 3402345
TI  - [Detection of Campylobacter pylori in gastric mucosa biopsies].

PMID- 3402346
TI  - [Myocardial infarct in those over 70].

PMID- 3402347
TI  - Reproductive responses in male rats fed extracts of fescue seed infected by the
      endophytic fungus Acremonium coenophialum.
AB  - This study was undertaken to determine whether a methanol extract of endophyte
      infected tall fescue seed contained the factor(s) that were responsible for the
      decrease in male reproductive potential when rats were fed toxic tall fescue
      seed. Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley male rats (ca. 225 g.) were randomly allocated
      to one of three dietary treatments containing 50% (w/w) rodent chow and 50%: (1)
      noninfected tall fescue seed; (2) noninfected tall fescue seed treated with
      concentrated methanol effluent from serial methanol extraction of infected seed;
      and (3) the extracted seed residue of seed that was greater than 95% infected by
      Acremonium coenophialum. Parameters assessed were testicular weight, epidydimal
      weight, parenchymal weight, progressive sperm motility, sperm motility, sperm
      count and daily sperm production potential. Significant reduction (P less than
      0.05) for feed intake, average daily gain, testicular weight, epidydimal weight
      and daily sperm production potential were observed for treatment 2. These data
      suggest that the serial methanol extract contains the factor(s) responsible for
      the lowered reproductive potential in male rats. The extract contained 15,578
      micrograms/ml of pyrrolizidine alkaloids and only trace amounts of ergopeptides.
      These results suggest that N-formyl and N-acetyl loline may play an important
      role in the fescue toxicity noted in the exposed rats.

PMID- 3402348
TI  - Subchronic oral administration of gossypol-acetic acid (GAA) alters the
      distribution and utilization of radioiron in male rats.
AB  - Gossypol-acetic acid (GAA) has been shown to be a powerful chelator of iron. To
      determine how subchronic administration of GAA affects the distribution and
      utilization of radioiron, male Holtzman rats, which had received a daily oral
      dose of GAA (20 mg/kg body weight) for 16 weeks, were injected i.p. with
      [59Fe]citrate (activity = 16.5 muCi/kg body weight) and [59Fe] incorporation into
      circulating erythrocytes, bone marrow, liver, spleen, skeletal muscle, and urine
      was measured 6, 12, or 24 h after [59Fe] administration. Iron [59Fe]
      incorporation was enhanced in the spleens, livers, bone marrow, and blood of the
      GAA-treated rats, and increased as the time post-[59Fe] injection increased.
      Hematological parameters remained within normal limits throughout the 16-week
      treatment period, suggesting an erythropoietic compensation in the GAA-treated
      rats. Iron status was markedly different in the GAA-treated rats at the end of
      the 16 week treatment period, suggesting altered iron utilization. The data
      suggest that [59Fe] is preferentially distributed to the erythroid tissues of GAA
      treated rats for utilization in erythropoiesis.

PMID- 3402350
TI  - Inhalation toxicity of methyl difluoromalonyl fluoride in rats.
AB  - Methyl 2,2-difluoromalonyl fluoride (MMF) is highly toxic by inhalation producing
      mortality in rats exposed for 4 hours to 0.55 mg/L. Repeated inhalation exposures
      of rats to 0.009 mg/L produced irritation but no other signs of a toxic response.
      Mortality was encountered following repeated exposures to 0.066 mg/L.

PMID- 3402349
TI  - Carcinogenic property of JBO(P) variety of jute batching oil.
AB  - The topical application of neat JBO-P variety of jute batching oil (JBO) three
      times a week has been found to produce skin tumours locally with 13 weeks of
      treatment on Swiss albino mice. In another set of experiments, 3 times/week
      topical application of JBO on Swiss albino mouse skin previously initiated (s.c.,
      1 mg/g body wt.) with urethane resulted in induction of tumours (squamous cell
      papillomas and keratoacanthomas) in 8 weeks. These results suggest that the JBO-P
      variety of jute batching oil could be a complete carcinogen or a tumour promoting
      substance on mouse skin.

PMID- 3402351
TI  - Teratology study of diethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether in rats.
AB  - The teratogenicity of diethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether (DEGMBE) was studied
      in Wistar rats. The pregnant rats were fed a diet containing DEGMBE from day 0
      through day 20 of pregnancy. The dietary concentrations of DEGMBE were 0, 0.04,
      0.2 and 1% and the daily intakes of DEGMBE were 0, 25, 115 and 633 mg/kg,
      respectively. In the DEGMBE-treated groups, the maternal body weight gain during
      pregnancy was significantly reduced, but neither decrease in food consumption
      during pregnancy nor any clinical sign of toxicity was observed. No significant
      differences between the DEGMBE-treated groups and the control group were found in
      the pre- and postimplantation losses, the number of live fetuses per litter, the
      sex ratio of live fetuses, the fetal body weight and the placental weight.
      External, skeletal and internal examinations of the fetuses revealed no evidence
      of teratogenesis. In the postnatal development of the offspring from the dams
      given DEGMBE, a high survival rate and good growth of the offspring were noted.
      It could be concluded that DEGMBE has no adverse effects on the pre- and
      postnatal development of the offspring in rats.

PMID- 3402352
TI  - International Symposium on Urapidil. Proceedings. Recife, 29 June-1 July, 1987.

PMID- 3402353
TI  - Neural control of circulation before and after intravenous urapidil in essential
      hypertension.
AB  - Drugs interfering with sympathetic influences on the cardiovascular system have
      been shown to effectively lower blood pressure in hypertension. However,
      sympathetic cardiovascular control is involved in blood pressure homeostasis,
      which means that these drugs may produce potential adverse haemodynamic effects
      that may reduce the benefit of their antihypertensive action. This paper
      summarises the results of a study in which we examined the effects of urapidil on
      the arterial baroreflex and the cardiopulmonary reflex in 6 essential
      hypertensive patients given 25 mg of the drug intravenously. The dose of the drug
      used caused a marked reduction in arterial blood pressure (direct measurement).
      However, pressor and depressor responses to carotid baroreceptor deactivation and
      stimulation (neck chamber device), respectively, were not modified when compared
      with those observed in the placebo period. This was also the case for increases
      and reductions in both forearm vascular resistance and plasma noradrenaline
      (norepinephrine) concentrations induced by deactivating and stimulating
      cardiopulmonary receptors, respectively. The pressor and tachycardic responses to
      handgrip and cold exposure were also unaffected by the drug. It is concluded that
      when administered at a clinically effective dose urapidil does not adversely
      affect major reflex mechanisms involved in neural cardiovascular regulation. This
      has favourable implications for the use of the drug in clinical practice.

PMID- 3402354
TI  - Systemic arterial hypertension and coronary atherosclerosis. Observations in
      survivors of a first myocardial infarction.
AB  - To determine the importance of systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) in the
      pathogenesis of coronary atherosclerosis (CA), the coronary stenosis (CSI),
      coronary diffuse atheromatous (CDAI) and coronary tortuosity (CTI) indices were
      assessed by selective coronary angiography (SCA) in 132 survivors of a definite
      first myocardial infarction (MI). Patients were divided into 2 groups according
      to the absence (group A, n = 60) or presence (group B, n = 72) of SAH. Group B
      was further subdivided into 2 subgroups: group B1, consisting of 62 patients
      receiving no antihypertensive treatment before admission, and group B2,
      consisting of 20 patients treated continuously for at least 2 years with a
      diuretic or diuretic + beta-blocker. There were no differences in age, topography
      of MI, serum total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations, prevalence of
      diabetes mellitus or smoking habits, CSI and CTI among the groups or subgroups of
      patients. Group B had a higher CTI (7.2 +/- 2.8) than Group A (2.7 +/- 2.3, p
      less than or equal to 0.001). None of the above indices were statistically
      different between subgroups B1 and B2. Surprisingly, the degree and extent of CA
      assessed by CSI and CDAI were similar in this population, regardless of the
      presence or absence of SAH and whether or not patients were treated with a
      diuretic. Although hypertension was related to tortuosity of the coronary
      arteries, which does not have a strong role in the development of CA, it is
      possible that the hypertensive process is relevant to the installation of
      atheromatous disease but not to its progression. Further studies are needed to
      clarify this point.

PMID- 3402355
TI  - Efficacy of once-daily urapidil treatment in mild or moderate essential
      hypertension assessed by ambulatory 24-hour blood pressure monitoring.
AB  - The blood pressure-lowering effect and tolerability of urapidil 120 mg once daily
      versus urapidil 60 mg twice daily was compared in 36 outpatients with newly
      diagnosed mild to moderate essential hypertension. Patients were enrolled in the
      study if they showed a favourable response to urapidil 60 mg twice daily at the
      end of a 2-week run-in as revealed by a first non-invasive 24-hour blood pressure
      profile. The patients were then randomly allocated to a 6-week double-blind
      treatment with either urapidil 120 mg once daily or urapidil 60 mg twice daily.
      Blood pressure, heart rate and adverse reactions were recorded every 2 weeks in
      the morning before drug intake. A second 24-hour blood pressure profile was taken
      at the end of this treatment phase. Compared with the pretreatment value after
      placebo run-in, urapidil 60 mg twice daily lowered supine morning blood pressure
      from 159/103 to 138/89. Urapidil 120 mg once daily lowered blood pressure from
      161/102 to 139/90. The decrease in blood pressure was statistically significant
      within (p less than 0.001) but not between the treatment groups. Similar results
      were obtained with standing blood pressures. Side effects were observed in 2
      patients with urapidil 60 mg twice daily (dizziness, intermittent lack of
      ejaculation) and in 7 patients with urapidil 120 mg once daily (5 with dizziness,
      and 1 each with headache and palpitations). Thus, urapidil 120 mg once daily
      lowers elevated blood pressure throughout a 24-hour period as effectively as 60
      mg twice daily. Therefore, during long term therapy, the tolerability but not the
      efficacy of urapidil appears to be directly related to its peak serum
      concentrations.

PMID- 3402356
TI  - A survey of neurological mutant mice. II. Lipid composition of myelinated tissue
      in possible myelin mutants.
AB  - The lipids of white matter and peripheral nerve from neurological mutant mice
      with possible myelin abnormalities were analyzed by thin-layer chromatography and
      quantitated by densitometry. Eight mutants had major abnormalities in the central
      nervous system (CNS) and/or peripheral nervous system (PNS) tissues examined
      (optic nerve, and trigeminal and sciatic nerves). In the optic nerve of axJ/axJ,
      there were increases of 20-30% in the levels of the major phospholipids;
      peripheral nerve was normal. In bc3J/bc3J CNS, the major phospholipids and
      cholesterol were increased by 25-40%; the PNS was normal. In myd/myd CNS, there
      were increases of about 20% in the levels of both forms of cerebrosides and in
      the major phospholipids; in the PNS the lipids were normal. ot/ot CNS had 20-40%
      reductions of all the glycolipids and minor alterations in some of the
      phospholipids and cholesterol; the PNS had 20% losses of both forms of
      cerebrosides. In the PNS of ji/ji, there were decreases of 10-40% among the
      glycolipids and of 15-25% in three of the major phospholipids; the CNS was
      virtually normal. In the PNS of dtJ/dtJ, vb/vb and wr/wr, almost all lipids were
      significantly decreased. The CNS of dtJ/dtJ and vb/vb were normal; wr/wr had
      minor reductions of certain glycolipids and phospholipids. Six mutants had
      relatively minor lipid abnormalities in their myelinated tissues. In cr/cr PNS,
      there were elevated levels of the cerebrosides and major phospholipids; the CNS
      was virtually normal. In db/db CNS and PNS, there were reduced levels of the
      nonhydroxy forms of cerebroside and sulfatide. The major change in htr/htr was
      the elevation of all the glycolipids in the CNS. In the CNS of Lc/+, nonhydroxy
      cerebroside was reduced. In shm/shm PNS, nonhydroxy sulfatide was elevated and
      there were small decreases in some of the phospholipids. wl/wl CNS showed
      decreases among most of the glycolipids. Mutants homozygous for du, mto, spa and
      tg had virtually normal lipid levels in both the optic and peripheral nerves.
      Cholesterol ester, lysophospholipids and other unusual lipid species were not
      detected in any of the mutants. The plasmalogen forms of ethanolamine and choline
      phosphatides were at normal levels in all mutants that otherwise had significant
      alterations among their lipids. Although many alterations in lipid composition
      were found in these mutants, the changes were moderate compared to the classical
      myelin mutants and indicate that none of the mutants are severely myelin
      deficient.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3402357
TI  - Immunological investigation of a 21-kilodalton cytosolic basic protein in rat
      brain.
AB  - A gamma-globulin fraction was isolated from the antiserum raised against a 21
      kilodalton (kDa) basic protein which was purified from bovine brain cytosol. This
      fraction was employed to study the immunocytochemical localization of the 21-kDa
      protein during the development of rat brain. Immunostaining was observed on
      oligodendrocytes and their processes at all stages of development investigated.
      This immunostaining was less prominent in very young and adult brains. Myelin
      fibers were always moderately stained; neurons and astrocytes were not
      immunolabelled. The electron microscopic study revealed that the labelling covers
      the entire cytoplasm of the oligodendrocytes, being more dense along the
      membranes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the plasma membrane. Other
      cytoplasmic organelles were unstained. The present report emphasizes that 21-kDa
      protein may serve as a specific marker for oligodendroglial cells in the central
      nervous system despite its presence in peripheral organs.

PMID- 3402358
TI  - Expression of calbindin immunoreactivity by subpopulations of primary sensory
      neurons in chick embryo dorsal root ganglion cells grown in coculture or
      conditioned medium.
AB  - Primary sensory neurons which innervate neuromuscular spindles in the chicken are
      calbindin-immunoreactive. The influence exerted by developing skeletal muscle on
      the expression of calbindin immunoreactivity by subpopulations of dorsal root
      ganglion (DRG) cells in the chick embryo was tested in vitro in coculture with
      myoblasts, in conditioned medium (CM) prepared from myoblasts and in control
      cultures of DRG cells alone. Control cultures of DRG cells grown at the 6th
      embryonic day (E6) did not show any calbindin-immunostained ganglion cell. In
      coculture of myoblasts previously grown for 14 days, about 3% of calbindin
      immunoreactive ganglion cells were detected while about 1% were observed in some
      cultures grown in CM. Fibroblasts from various sources were devoid of effect.
      Skin or kidney cells were more active than myoblasts to initiate calbindin
      expression by subpopulations of DRG cells in coculture or, to a lesser degree, in
      CM. The results suggest that cellular factors would rather induce calbindin
      expression in certain sensory neurons than ensure a selective neuronal survival.

PMID- 3402359
TI  - Developmental expression of alpha- and gamma-enolase subunits and mRNA sequences
      in the mouse brain.
AB  - Nonneuronal alpha alpha- and neuron-specific alpha gamma- and gamma gamma-enolase
      activities were measured in the mouse brain during development. The corresponding
      mRNA sequences were quantified directly by hybridization with cDNA probes. The
      variations in alpha- and gamma-monomer levels inferred from the enzymatic
      activities were very similar to those of their respective mRNAs. We conclude that
      monomer levels are primarily controlled by the amounts of their mRNAs during
      mouse brain development.

PMID- 3402361
TI  - Histological and ultrastructural changes of the murine taste bud following
      ionizing irradiation.

PMID- 3402360
TI  - A survey of neurological mutant mice. I. Lipid composition of myelinated tissue
      in known myelin mutants.
AB  - The lipids of white matter and peripheral nerve from mutant mice with known
      myelin deficiencies were analyzed by one- and two-dimensional high-performance
      thin-layer chromatography and quantitated by densitometry. In optic nerve, the
      mutants jp/Y, jpmsd/Y, qk/qk, shi/shi and shimld/shimld, which have severe
      central nervous system (CNS) myelin deficiency, had a common pattern of lipid
      loss: cerebrosides and sulfatides (hydroxy and nonhydroxy forms) were generally
      reduced by 70-95% or more; most phospholipids were diminished by 15-55%, and
      cholesterol was reduced by 35-60%. Only in the CNS of jp/Y and jpmsd/Y did
      cholesterol ester accumulate. In peripheral nerve, the lipid composition varied
      markedly among these mutants. In jp/Y there was no change, while in jpmsd/Y there
      was a 5-15% loss among the phospholipids and cholesterol. Homozygous qk had
      reductions of 75-85% in the nonhydroxy forms of cerebroside and sulfatide, a 130%
      increase in hydroxy sulfatide, and a 55% loss of sphingomyelin. In shi/shi and
      shimld/shimld homozygotes, the glycolipids were altered by +/- 20%, most
      phospholipids and cholesterol were reduced by 5-15%, and sphingomyelin was
      reduced by 40%. Tr and TrJ showed 35-90% reductions in most lipid classes of the
      peripheral nervous system; CNS lipid composition was normal. Homozygous twi had a
      uniform loss of most lipid classes in both optic (generally 10-20%) and
      trigeminal nerves (generally 40-55%); cerebrosides did not accumulate in these
      tissues. dy/dy had a 10-20% reduction of cerebrosides in trigeminal nerve trunk.
      The CNS of dy homozygotes had 10-35% increases in specific classes of glycolipids
      and phospholipids, and in cholesterol. None of the mutants showed detectable
      levels of lysophospholipids or other unusual lipid species. The fractions of
      ethanolamine and choline phosphatides in the plasmalogen form were close to
      normal in all mutants.

PMID- 3402362
TI  - Clinical experiences with carcinoma of the maxillary sinus.

PMID- 3402363
TI  - Complications of midline mandibulotomy.

PMID- 3402364
TI  - Chronic nongranulomatous epiglottitis.

PMID- 3402365
TI  - Retropharyngeal hematoma following fish-bone ingestion.

PMID- 3402367
TI  - Otovestibular toxicity and Dead Sea water.

PMID- 3402366
TI  - Facial palsy and mastoid surgery.

PMID- 3402368
TI  - Presentation of dilated cardiomyopathy as seen at Kenyatta National Hospital.

PMID- 3402369
TI  - Macroscopic and microscopic features of fluorosed enamel which cause difficulties
      in restorative dentistry.

PMID- 3402370
TI  - Single dose treatment with aminosidine of human taeniasis.

PMID- 3402371
TI  - Clinico-pathological features and management of bronchopulmonary and pleural
      malignancy in Nigerians.

PMID- 3402372
TI  - Psychiatric disorders in the primary health care clinics in Kenya.

PMID- 3402373
TI  - Smoking habits in Kenya. II--A follow up study involving personnel working at
      Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi.

PMID- 3402375
TI  - Relationship between values of serum bilirubin as determined by two methods:
      implications for the management of neonatal jaundice.

PMID- 3402374
TI  - The pattern of acute pancreatitis at Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH):
      retrospective study.

PMID- 3402376
TI  - Sorbitol levels in normal Africans and in insulin dependent diabetics.

PMID- 3402377
TI  - [Erythrocyte membrane transport and plasma levels of tyrosine and tryptophan in
      depression].
AB  - L-Tyrosine and L-Tryptophan were studied in 80 depressed patients, hospitalised
      in Genova and Marseille. After a washout period of ten days, the erythrocyte
      membrane transports (MT) of L-Tyrosine and L-Tryptophan were measured, as well as
      their plasma levels; plasma phenylalanine was moreover measured. 33 normal
      subjects served as control group. In the whole population of patients, the mean
      of MT's was different compared to controls (MT tyrosine low and MT tryptophan
      high) and the plasma tyrosine was low. The perturbations of these variables were
      different according to diagnostic groups (DSM III): MT tyrosine, plasma tyrosine
      and tryptophan low in bipolar disorders depressed; MT tyrosine low, MT tryptophan
      high, plasma tryptophan low in major depressions; MT tryptophan high in dysthymic
      disorders. Phenylalanine was in the normal range compared to controls. The
      perturbations of MT's involved the part incubated at 37 degrees C for tyrosine,
      e.g. the facilitated diffusion, and the part incubated at 0 degrees C for
      tryptophan, e.g. probably the passive and facilitated diffusion. These results
      were in agreement with the monoaminergic hypothesis of affective disorders and
      might provide a useful peripheral model.

PMID- 3402379
TI  - [Visual potentials evoked by a pattern reversal checkerboard in 50 depressed
      patients].
AB  - The pertinency of the visual evoked potentials (VEP) was studied as an index of
      depression in a group of 50 depressed patients (according to DSM III criteria).
      The VEP recordings were realized before an antidepressive treatment (D0) and 4
      weeks after the beginning of the treatment (D28). Identical recordings were
      realized with 15 healthy and voluntary reference subjects. Stimulations were
      reversal checkerboard. The analysis of the results indicate at D0 a reduction of
      P1 and N1 latencies in the depressed people compared to the reference subjects,
      and an increase of the P1-N1 amplitude. These differences disappear at D28 (after
      the antidepressive treatment), as we don't notice any significative difference
      between D0 and D28 with the reference subjects. The interpretation of these
      results leads to the hypothesis of a neurophysiological modification of the
      attentional processes during the depression state. The antidepressive treatment
      seems merely to produce a normalization of the evoked responses in the depressed
      patients.

PMID- 3402378
TI  - [Principle methods of determining plasma 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl glycol].
AB  - The dosage of plasma 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl glycol (MHPG) presents a great
      interest, specially in psychiatry. Several methods are described: gas
      chromatography, with or without mass spectrometry, high performance liquid
      chromatography with some internal standard problems and with different modes of
      extractions and radioimmunoassay. Every method presents advantages but also
      inconveniences which are discussed.

PMID- 3402380
TI  - [Efficacy of verapamil in mania crises].
AB  - The authors review the different studies on the use of calcium antagonists in the
      treatment of acute mania. They present 7 cases, of which 4 with manic-depressive
      psychosis and 3 with schizo-affective disorder, during acute mania as defined by
      DSM III criteria, treated by verapamil at the dose of 320 mg/day. Four patients
      improved (2 manic-depressive, 2 schizo-affective), of which one that had
      responded neither to haloperidol nor to clonidine, and another for which all
      other treatment was contra-indicated due to important side effects. Three of
      these patients entered into acute depressive state between the 12th and the 15th
      day of treatment. The two most severe (manic-depressive) cases did not respond.
      The role of calcium in neuron physiology and the mode of action of calcium
      antagonists are outlined. The authors discuss the physiopathological hypothesis
      of Dubovsky.

PMID- 3402381
TI  - [The WP scale, an evaluation scale of anxious inhibition].
AB  - The phenomenon of inhibition concerns a feeling of being blocked in usual
      functioning. It is frequently encountered, in many disorders. Using a general
      model of anxiety, the authors propose a taxonomy of the phenomenon into
      inhibition in anxiety states and inhibition associated with other disorders, a
      differentiation between generalized inhibition and specific inhibition, and
      between primary and secondary inhibition. Generalized inhibition due to anxiety
      can be assessed through use of the WP, which is a rating scale developed for this
      purpose by the authors.

PMID- 3402382
TI  - [Risk-benefit ratio of drugs. Antidepressive agents as an example].
AB  - Medical judgments in therapeutics must be comparative. The toxicity of a drug
      cannot be considered independently of that of other treatments for the same
      condition. Such comparison requires new specific methods in order to assess the
      quantity, quality and validity of available data. A comprehensive analysis is of
      paramount importance: ideally, all the advantages and disadvantages of different
      treatments should be simultaneously compared. As far as antidepressants are
      concerned, the quality of life and the risk of overdose should be borne in mind.
      Such metaanalyses lead to the identification of a variety of biases likely to
      distort our judgments related to the risk/benefit ratio of drugs: the bias of
      perception and of reporting are amongst the most important.

PMID- 3402383
TI  - Dietary phosphorus and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D metabolism: influence of insulin
      like growth factor I.
AB  - Hypophysectomy abolishes the increase in serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25
      (OH)2D] induced by restriction of dietary phosphorus. Administration of GH
      increases circulating insulin-like growth factor I levels (IGF-I) and restores,
      in part, the responsiveness of serum 1,25-(OH)2D to restriction of dietary
      phosphorus. To determine whether the GH-dependent increase in serum 1,25-(OH)2D
      induced by restriction of dietary phosphorus is mediated by IGF-I, we measured
      the serum concentration of 1,25-(OH)2D in hypophysectomized rats treated with
      either GH (100 micrograms/day) or recombinant human IGF-I (150 micrograms/day)
      and fed either a normal or low phosphorus diet for 6 days. Restriction of dietary
      phosphorus in sham-hypophysectomized rats increased serum 1,25-(OH)2D from 97 +/-
      13 to 251 +/- 36 pg/ml, or 159%, but had no effect on serum 1,25-(OH)2D in
      hypophysectomized rats. Restriction of dietary phosphorus in rats receiving GH
      increased, (P less than 0.001) serum 1,25-(OH)2D from 52 +/- 8 to 133 +/- 18
      pg/ml, or 156%. Restriction of dietary phosphorus in rats receiving IGF-I
      increased (P less than 0.001) serum 1,25-(OH)2D from 33 +/- 5 to 94 +/- 11 pg/ml,
      or 185%, an increase equivalent to that observed in animals receiving GH. For a
      given diet, no significant differences were seen between the serum concentrations
      of 1,25-(OH)2D in animals receiving GH or IGF-I. These data indicate that IGF-I
      can restore the increase in serum 1,25-(OH)2D induced by restriction of dietary
      phosphorus to the same degree as GH. This strongly suggests that the GH-dependent
      increase in serum 1,25-(OH)2D induced by restriction of dietary phosphorus is
      mediated by IGF-I.

PMID- 3402384
TI  - Effects of adenosine triphosphate and alkaline phosphatase on solubilized 3,5,3'
      triiodothyronine-binding activity.
AB  - The T3-binding activity of salt-extractable nuclear proteins from rat liver was
      affected when ATP (2-10 mM; pH 8.0) was added concomitantly with T3 in the
      incubation medium. Scatchard analysis revealed that the equilibrium association
      constant was significantly reduced [5 mM ATP, 0.3 +/- 0.1 (+/- SE) 10(10) M-1;
      control, 1.1 +/- 0.15 X 10(10) M-1], but the maximum binding capacity remained
      unchanged. Similar values of inhibition were obtained when unbound receptors were
      preincubated with ATP. ATP achieved its maximal effect after 45 min of incubation
      at 30 C. Dilution experiments indicated that the effect of ATP was reversible.
      The inhibiting potency of nucleoside triphosphates at pH 8.0 was in the following
      order: ATP = CTP greater than GTP, whereas UTP had no effect. Nonhydrolyzable
      analogs of ATP were also inhibitory, and HPLC fractionation showed an
      approximately 98% recovery of ATP after incubation with nuclear extract. The
      adenine ring with at least two phosphates was essential, since ADP was as potent
      as ATP, whereas AMP had no effect. When the pH of the incubation medium was
      lowered to 7.3, the T3-binding activity was inhibited by ATP in the 0.1-1 mM
      range. Magnesium (3 mM) greatly increases the ATP effect at pH 7.3, but not at pH
      8. The T3-binding activity was also drastically reduced when calf intestine
      alkaline phosphatase was added concomitantly in the incubation medium. Eight
      micrograms per ml enzyme were necessary to inhibit the T3 specific binding by 50%
      (30 C for 45 min). Scatchard analysis showed that the receptor affinity for T3
      was decreased (control, 1.1 +/- 0.02 x 10(10) M-1; alkaline phosphatase, 0.41 +/-
      0.03 x 10(10) M-1; n = 6), whereas the maximum binding capacity remained
      unchanged. Incubations performed with increasing concentrations of beta
      mercaphoethanol (2.5, 5, 10, and 25 mM) revealed that the phosphatase inhibitory
      effect is thiol dependent. The inhibition was maximal at 2.5 mM and progressively
      decreased at 5 and 10 mM. No inhibition occurred at 25 mM. When a saturating
      concentration of T3 was employed, the specific binding was decreased at low thiol
      concentrations. These observations show that the nuclear T3 receptors may be
      modulated by ATP/ADP and phosphorylation/dephosphorylation processes. It is
      proposed that in vitro dephosphorylation leads to rapid oxydation of sulfhydryl
      groups which are essential for optimum T3 binding.

PMID- 3402385
TI  - Augmentation of the response of mouse uterine epithelial cells to estradiol by
      uterine stroma.
AB  - The effect of estrogen on the in vitro growth of mouse uterine epithelial cells
      was assessed. Epithelial cells from the immature mouse uterus were successfully
      cultivated in a 1:1 mixture of Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium and Ham's F-12
      supplemented with insulin (5 micrograms/ml), transferrin (10 micrograms/ml),
      hydrocortisone (10(-7) M), BSA (2 mg/ml), and fetuin (1 mg/ml). Addition of 17
      beta-estradiol in the range of 1-100 nM did not significantly change the total
      DNA content of the epithelial cells. A binding component of [3H]estradiol by
      cultured uterine cells was shown to be specific, saturable, and of high affinity.
      Kd values for specific binding by epithelial and stromal cells were 1.0-1.7 x 10(
      10) M. Maximal specific binding was 0.74 and 2.3 fmol/micrograms DNA for
      epithelial and stromal cells, respectively. Treatment of epithelial and stromal
      cells for 4 days with 10 nM estradiol led to a 2- to 6-fold increase in
      progesterone receptor concentration. Treatment of epithelial and stromal cells in
      mixed culture for 4 days with 10 nM estradiol resulted in a significant increase
      in total DNA. That epithelial-stromal contact was critical for estradiol
      stimulation was shown by the fact that if the cell types were separated into two
      compartments which still allowed free media mixing, total DNA was not enhanced by
      estradiol. These observations are organized into a model for mitogenic action of
      estradiol that seems to reconcile observed disparities in the action of the
      hormone in vivo and in vitro.

PMID- 3402386
TI  - Glycosylation selectively alters the biological activity of prolactin.
AB  - We have undertaken studies to determine the effect of glycosylation on the
      lactogenic activity of ovine PRL (oPRL). Measuring casein production in the in
      vitro mouse mammary gland explant assay, we found that glycosylated oPRL had 80%
      of the activity of oPRL. In competitive binding studies using lactogen receptors
      from mammary glands of lactating rabbits, glycosylated oPRL had only 20% the
      potency of oPRL. In the Nb2 assay also, glycosylated oPRL was approximately 24%
      as potent as oPRL in stimulating mitogenic activity. Thus, these studies show
      that the glycosylated variant of PRL has less biological activity than the major
      PRL form and that the alteration of an activity by glycosylation is selective.

PMID- 3402387
TI  - Serum specifically potentiates the mitogenic response of Nb2 lymphoma cells to
      rat prolactin.
AB  - Previous observations in our laboratory indicated that rat serum samples being
      bioassayed for PRL with the use of Nb2 lymphoma cells produced mitogenic
      responses greater than maximally effective doses of purified rat PRL. The present
      studies were conducted to confirm these observations and to determine the
      possible serum factor or factors responsible for the potentiated response of
      serum. Twenty five rat serum pools prepared from blood samples obtained from
      lactating, ovariectomized, and steroid-treated rats were assayed in duplicate
      aliquots of 0.3-50 microliter against NIDDK-RP-1 rat PRL (11 IU/mg) by the Nb2
      bioassay in Fischer's Medium containing 10% horse serum and by conventional
      double antibody RIA. The mitogenic response of 18 of the 25 pools were clearly
      greater than the response to standard rat PRL when included in the bioassay at 10
      50 microliter/ml of cells. When less than 10 microliter serum pools were assayed,
      parallelism to the standard was observed; but the concentrations of PRL
      determined by bioassay were 82 +/- (SE) 4% of the levels determined by RIA in
      samples from ovariectomized, steroid-treated rats stored for two or four weeks
      and 62 +/- 2% in samples from lactating rats stored for 3-6 months. Horse serum
      and hypophysectomized rat serum also potentiated the mitogenic responses to 1 or
      5 ng standard rat PRL when added at 10-150 microliter/ml of culture medium that
      already contained 100 microliter (10%) horse serum. No potentiation of the RIA
      was observed with rat or horse serum. Insulin, proinsulin, or C peptide of
      proinsulin (0.02 ng-2 micrograms/ml); fibroblast growth factor, nerve growth
      factor, epidermal growth factor, insulin-like growth factors I or II (0.002-200
      ng/ml), T cell growth factor (TCGF) (0.0002-20 half-maximal units/ml) or platelet
      derived growth factor (0.002-10 half-maximal units) did not potentiate the
      responses to 1 or 5 ng/ml standard rat PRL. Of the growth factors tested, only
      TCGF was mitogenic to Nb2 cells when placed alone in the medium, but this
      mitogenic effect of TCGF was not potentiated by horse serum. We conclude that
      serum can potentiate the mitogenic effect of PRL on Nb2 cells grown in Fischer's
      medium.

PMID- 3402389
TI  - Mediation by the androgen receptor of the stimulatory and antiandrogenic actions
      of 17 beta-estradiol on the growth of androgen-sensitive Shionogi mammary
      carcinoma cells in culture.
AB  - Increasing concentrations of 17 beta-estradiol (E2) led to a maximal 7-fold
      stimulation of growth of the highly androgen-sensitive clone (SEM-1) of the
      mammary carcinoma Shionogi cell line. Half-maximal stimulation by the estrogen
      was observed at 100 nM E2. Diethylstilbestrol (DES), on the other hand, a
      synthetic estrogen with no affinity for the androgen receptor, had no significant
      stimulatory effect on cell growth but caused growth inhibition at concentrations
      above 1 microM. Mediation of the action of E2 by the androgen receptor is
      indicated by the absence of interference of E2 action by the antiestrogen
      LY156758 while the antiandrogen hydroxyflutamide (3 microM) caused a 50%
      inhibition of E2 action. While increasing concentrations of E2 led to a
      progressive increase in cell growth, a progressive shift in the ED50 value of
      action of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) was observed at intermediate (10-100 nM)
      concentrations of E2 while 10 microM E2 completely inhibited DHT action. At those
      high E2 concentrations, however, E2 itself led to a stimulation of cell growth
      equivalent to approximately 50% of the maximal value achieved by DHT. E2 competed
      with the specific uptake of [3H]testosterone in intact cells at an inhibition
      constant (Ki) value of 15 nM, thus indicating direct interaction of E2 with the
      androgen receptor. Preincubation with E2 had no influence on the apparent
      affinity of testosterone for the androgen receptor nor on the number of androgen
      binding sites. The present data demonstrate that both the stimulatory and
      antiandrogenic action of E2 on the growth of the androgen-sensitive mammary
      carcinoma cell line SEM-1 are mediated through direct interaction of the estrogen
      with the androgen receptor. Such data may offer an explanation for the subjective
      improvements reported in prostate cancer patients receiving a high dose of E2
      when relapsing after castration.

PMID- 3402388
TI  - Structural and immunologic evidence for a small molecular weight ("21K") variant
      of prolactin.
AB  - The mol wt (Mr) of intact murine PRL is approximately 23,000. Immunoblotting
      analysis shows a 21,000 Mr band in fresh rat and mouse pituitary extracts that
      cross-reacts strongly with PRL antibodies. The band becomes markedly altered by
      stimuli known to influence PRL secretion, such as nursing, estradiol benzoate,
      and perphenazine. By two-dimensional electrophoresis, it splits into at least
      three components, two of which have more acidic pI than PRL. The tyrosine peptide
      maps of the three proteins resemble that of PRL. These results indicate that the
      21,000 Mr band consists of a cluster of proteins that are structural variants of
      PRL, raising the possibility that these variants result from alternative splicing
      of the PRL gene transcript.

PMID- 3402390
TI  - Tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibits collagen synthesis and alkaline phosphatase
      activity independently of its effect on deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in
      osteoblast-enriched bone cell cultures.
AB  - Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha), a product of activated monocytes,
      induces tissue wasting in certain solid tumors in vivo and in in vitro model
      systems. Recent studies indicate that TNF alpha also regulates cell replication
      and expression of differentiated function in a variety of nonneoplastic cell
      systems. Since monocyte products could accumulate in bone with trauma,
      inflammation, or other disease states, bone cell activity might be altered by the
      presence of these pathophysiological molecules. Using cells obtained by
      sequential enzyme release from fetal rat parietal bone, we find that TNF alpha
      has acute stimulatory and inhibitory effects on bone cell macromolecular
      synthesis. Within 24 h of exposure, recombinant human TNF alpha at 0.3-100 nM
      progressively increases the rate of DNA synthesis in osteoblast-enriched cell
      cultures up to 3- to 4-fold, and 3-100 nM TNF alpha reduces collagen production
      and alkaline phosphatase activity by 20-30%. These decreases are not altered by 1
      mM hydroxyurea, which blocks the mitogenic effect of TNF alpha by 85-90%. In
      addition, hydroxyproline levels in the culture medium do not increase relative to
      the control value after TNF alpha treatment, suggesting that decreased collagen
      production results from less synthesis rather than increased collagen
      degradation. Hybridization studies with cDNA encoding the alpha 1-chain of rat
      type I collagen show that TNF alpha increases type I collagen mRNA to an extent
      similar to its effect on cell replication. Therefore, TNF alpha appears to
      inhibit collagen synthesis and alkaline phosphatase activity in osteoblast
      enriched cell cultures by mechanisms that are not related to its effects on cell
      replication.

PMID- 3402391
TI  - Characterization of insulin-like growth factor II peptides secreted by explants
      of neonatal brain and of adult pituitary from rats.
AB  - This study compares the molecular characteristics of the insulin-like growth
      factor II (IGF-II) peptides synthesized and secreted by explants of neonatal
      brain and adult pituitary of rat to those produced by the Buffalo rat liver cell
      line (BRL-3A). Metabolic labeling, followed by immunoprecipitation and sodium
      dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that the rat brain
      and liver cells synthesized and secreted the following immunoreactive IGF-II
      peptides: 19, 11, 10, and 8.7 kilodaltons (kd), whereas the rat pituitary
      secreted the 10 and 8.7 kd peptides. However, the brain and pituitary explants
      failed to secrete the mature 7.5 kd IGF-II peptide which was a major species
      secreted by the liver cells. In the brain and pituitary, the predominant form of
      IGF-II peptide secreted was the 8.7 kd. This result suggests that 1) different
      mechanisms of processing of the IGF-II precursor and/or the preferential
      translation of different messenger RNA (mRNA) species may exist in different cell
      types, and 2) the 8.7 kd IGF-II peptide may be the biologically relevant molecule
      in the central nervous system of the rat.

PMID- 3402392
TI  - Effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha/cachectin on thyroid hormone metabolism in
      mice.
AB  - To elucidate the mechanism by which low T3 and low T4 syndrome occurs in patients
      with acute or chronic infection or malignancy, recombinant human tumor necrosis
      factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)/cachectin (TNF) was administered ip to mice and thyroid
      hormone metabolism was studied. Since administration of TNF caused a decrease in
      food intake and body weight, all experiments were performed using pair-fed
      control (PFC) mice. Administration of TNF at a dose of 1-100 micrograms/day for 3
      days decreased serum T4, T3, and rT3 concentrations in a dose-dependent manner.
      In PFC mice, serum T4 and T3 also decreased, but rT3 was significantly increased.
      T3/T4 ratio was greater in TNF-treated mice than in PFC mice. Type I
      iodothyronine-5'-deiodinating activity in the liver was significantly decreased
      in PFC mice but not in TNF-treated mice. The effect of TNF was reversible and
      could be abolished by boiling the cytokine. Furthermore, T3 and T4 response to
      TSH was greatly diminished in TNF-treated mice in comparison with PFC mice. These
      findings suggest that TNF directly inhibited the effect of TSH on the thyroid
      gland and decreased the serum concentrations of T4 and T3. Although TNF decreased
      food intake and body weight in TNF-treated mice, it did not decrease type I 5'
      deiodinating activity in the liver, resulting in a greater T3/T4 ratio and lower
      serum rT3 concentration than those in PFC mice. We speculate that TNF is at least
      partly involved in the altered thyroid hormone metabolism (decreased serum T4,
      T3, and rT3 concentrations) caused by infections in mice.

PMID- 3402393
TI  - Gestational profile and affinity cross-linking of the mouse serum growth hormone
      binding protein.
AB  - The modulation of the serum concentration of mouse GH-binding protein during
      gestation was characterized. A rapid increase in the concentration of the binding
      protein began on day 9 of pregnancy and peaked by day 15. The increase in the
      serum GH-binding protein concentration was preceded several days by an increase
      in the hepatic GH receptor concentration. The serum GH-binding protein was
      recognized by antibodies produced against the hepatic GH receptor, and its mol wt
      (major form mol wt, approximately 41,800) was similar to that of low mol wt forms
      of the hepatic GH receptor, demonstrating the similarity of the serum GH-binding
      protein and the hepatic GH receptor. The apparent affinity of the serum GH
      binding protein for mGH in untreated serum samples from 17-day pregnant mice was
      6.9 X 10(7) M-1. However, when the serum was treated to remove endogenous GH, the
      apparent affinity increased to 1.5 X 10(8) M-1. Likewise, the binding capacity of
      the GH-binding protein in serum differed in treated (60.1 nM) and untreated serum
      (101.2 nM).

PMID- 3402394
TI  - Immunocytochemical demonstration of estrogen and progesterone receptors in muscle
      cells of uterine arteries in rabbits and humans.
AB  - Modifications of uterine blood flow are implicated in many important aspects of
      reproductive physiology and in several of their pathological disorders. These
      modifications are hormonally regulated but remain poorly understood, and various
      complex mechanisms have been proposed. The aim of this study was to investigate
      the presence and some characteristics of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone
      receptors (PR) in uterine blood vessels. Using monoclonal antibodies and
      immunocytochemistry we observed the presence of ER and PR in muscle cells (tunica
      media) of uterine arteries of rabbits and women. ER or PR immunoreactivity was
      not detected in the endothelium of uterine arteries nor in uterine capillaries or
      veins. Staining for both receptors was also present in arterial walls from the
      fallopian tube (isthmus and ampulla) and vagina but not in arteries of
      nonreproductive tissues (intestinal, renal, hepatic, femoral, and pulmonary
      arteries, aorta). PR immuno-staining was increased by estrogen in all cell types
      of the rabbit uterus, but the doses necessary to provoke an intense nuclear
      staining in uterine arteries were higher than those required for observing strong
      labeling in glandular, stromal, or myometrial cells. These results suggest that,
      contrary to many hypotheses previously put forward, sex steroid hormones may
      regulate uterine blood flow through a direct effect on uterine arterial walls.

PMID- 3402395
TI  - Inhibition of uptake of thyroid hormone into rat hepatocytes by preincubation
      with N-bromoacetyl-3,3',5-triiodothyronine.
AB  - To investigate whether affinity coupling of N-bromoacetyl-T3 (BrAcT3) to the T3
      membrane carrier results in an inhibition of transport of T3 into the cell, rat
      hepatocytes in monolayer were incubated for 2 h at 21 C with 1.3 mumol/liter
      BrAcT3 in medium without protein. After extensive washing, cells were incubated
      during 20 h at 37 C with [125I]T3 in medium with 0.5% BSA, and products in
      supernatants were analyzed by LH-20 column chromatography. In addition the
      apparent affinity constant (Km) and maximal uptake velocity (Vmax) of the high
      affinity uptake process were estimated using 1 min incubations of hepatocytes
      with various concentrations of T3. In control experiments (i.e. without BrAcT3
      affinity coupling) about 57% of the added T3 was cleared from the medium and
      further metabolized, 85% of the cleared T3 reappeared in the medium as I-, 15% as
      conjugates. Addition of propylthiouracil during the 20 h incubation with T3
      strongly inhibited deiodination, without a change in T3 clearance. Because T3 is
      sulfated before deiodination, a concomitant rise in conjugates was observed.
      Addition of ouabain to control cells during the 20 h incubation with T3 strongly
      inhibited uptake, with a parallel decrease in I- and conjugate formation. After
      affinity coupling of BrAcT3, T3 clearance was inhibited (by 30% P less than
      0.001). Since I- production was more depressed (by 73%) than T3 clearance, with
      some rise in conjugate formation (P less than 0.001), inhibition of deiodinase by
      BrAcT3 also took place. The effects of BrAcT3 and ouabain on uptake of T3
      appeared to be additive as were the effects of propylthiouracil and BrAcT3 on
      deiodination. After affinity coupling of BrAcT3, the Km of T3 uptake did not
      change significantly; however Vmax was 54% lower (P less than 0.025) indicating a
      noncompetitive inhibition of the transport system. Preincubation of the cells
      with N-acetyl-T3 does not alter the characteristics of uptake of T3 by rat
      hepatocytes as compared to controls, indicating that no binding of this compound
      occurs. It is concluded that preincubation of hepatocytes with BrAcT3 diminished
      I- formation from T3; 50% of this inhibition is due to decreased membrane
      transport and 50% by reduction of deiodination. Inhibition of membrane transport
      by BrAcT3 is substantiated by a 54% lower Vmax without a significant change in Km
      as compared to control. The effect of transport of thyroid hormone on metabolism
      stresses the importance of the membrane carrier in the translocation process.

PMID- 3402397
TI  - Characterization and localization of calcium/phospholipid-dependent protein
      kinase-C during diabetic renal growth.
AB  - The substrate specificities of calcium/phospholipid-dependent kinase-C (PKC) were
      examined in rat kidney cortex, and localization of the protein was studied after
      the induction of diabetes. The cytosolic kinase was eluted from an anion exchange
      resin using a linear gradient of 0-0.15 M NaCl. A sharp peak of activity was
      demonstrated at approximately 80 mM using histone as a substrate. The kinase
      demonstrated a broad pH optimum of 6.5-8.0. ATP was the preferred phosphorus
      donor. The Ka for ATP averaged 2.6 +/- 0.1 microM (n = 4) and was not different
      in diabetic animals. Lysine-rich histones, but not arginine-rich or mixed
      histones, were the most suitable phosphorus acceptors. Phosphatidylserine
      stimulated kinase activity with Ka of 4.5 +/- 0.7 microM in the presence of 20
      microM diolein (n = 3). Twenty micromolar diolein in the presence of 25 microM
      phosphatidylserine lowered the apparent Ka for calcium from 17.2 +/- 1.4 to 3.3
      +/- 1.5 microM (n = 3; P less than 0.01). Similar data were evident in diabetic
      animals. Diabetic renal growth was induced by the injection of streptozotocin (35
      mg/kg, iv). At the end of 4 weeks, blood glucose averaged 119.6 +/- 7.4 mg/dl in
      vehicle-injected controls and 548.7 +/- 21.6 mg/dl in diabetic animals (n = 5; P
      less than 0.001). Despite reduced weight gains in diabetic animals, renal protein
      content was increased in this group compared to the control value. Neither
      cytosolic nor proximal tubule basolateral membrane PKC activity changed after the
      induction of diabetes; however, luminal brush border PKC activity increased from
      83.8 +/- 4.6 pmol/mg.min in control animals to 107.3 +/- 55 pmol/mg.min in
      diabetic animals (n = 5; P less than 0.02). The increased activity in the brush
      border membrane may have important consequences for the growth response of the
      kidney in diabetes.

PMID- 3402398
TI  - Relation between luteinizing hormone and prolactin pulses in ovariectomized rats
      with or without dopamine inhibition.
AB  - GnRH and GnRH-associated peptide (GAP) have been shown to be cosecreted as
      spontaneous pulses in hypophysial portal blood. In addition, GAP has been
      proposed as a physiological inhibitor of PRL secretion. The present investigation
      was performed to determine whether GAP might play a role in the moment to moment
      regulation of PRL release in the ovariectomized rat. We anticipated that an
      inverse relation might exist between PRL and LH pulses if GAP is a physiological
      regulator of PRL and is coreleased with GnRH. Serial blood samples were collected
      at 6-min intervals over 4 h from ovariectomized rats bearing chronic jugular
      catheters and were analyzed for plasma concentrations of PRL and LH by RIA.
      Release patterns were assessed using a pulse detection algorithm. Some animals
      were pretreated 30 min before blood sampling with domperidone (a dopamine
      antagonist that does not cross the blood-brain barrier) to unmask PRL inhibitory
      responses to GAP that might not otherwise be observable in the presence of normal
      dopamine inhibition. PRL secretory patterns were pulsatile but highly irregular,
      in contrast to the regular rhythmic patterns of circulating LH. Domperidone
      treatment significantly increased the number of PRL pulses. PRL pulse amplitudes,
      and mean PRL concentrations compared to those in vehicle-injected controls. LH
      pulses after domperidone administration were more frequent, resulting in slightly
      higher mean LH concentrations. In both vehicle- and domperidone-injected rats, 60
      80% of PRL pulses were concordant with LH pulses (concordance defined as PRL and
      LH peaks occurring within one sample of each other). Assuming that GAP is
      cosecreted with GnRH, these data fail to support an acute physiological role for
      GAP during undisturbed PRL release in the ovariectomized rat because the expected
      relation between PRL and LH pulses in the event of such a role was not observed.
      To test a role for GAP more directly, domperidone-treated rats were injected with
      a rabbit anti-GAP serum during serial blood collection. No increase in PRL
      release was elicited by this treatment, and pulsatile PRL and LH secretion were
      unaffected compared to those in control animals injected with hyperimmune serum.
      To determine whether GnRH is the PRL-releasing secretagogue responsible for
      concordant PRL and LH pulses, some rats were pretreated 4 h before blood sampling
      with a potent GnRH antagonist, followed by domperidone 30 min before sampling.
      Treatment with GnRH antagonist virtually abolished LH pulses, but had no effect
      on PRL pulses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3402396
TI  - Evidence that partially desialylated variants of human chorionic gonadotropin
      (hCG) are the factors in crude hCG that inhibit the response to thyrotropin in
      human thyroid membranes.
AB  - Previous studies have revealed that pure unmodified hCG (hCGp) has little potency
      to inhibit the binding of bovine TSH (bTSH) to human thyroid membranes and to
      either stimulate adenylate cyclase or inhibit TSH-stimulated adenylate cyclase
      therein. On the other hand, preparations of crude hCG (hCGc) as well as
      enzymatically desialylated hCGp (asialo-hCGp) are relatively potent inhibitors of
      bTSH binding (TBI activity) and bTSH-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in
      human thyroid membrane preparations. In the present studies we have sought to
      identify and characterize the inhibitory moieties in crude hCG that are
      responsible for these inhibitory activities and to elucidate the properties of
      their interaction with the TSH receptor in human thyroid membranes. Preparations
      of hCGc were processed by DEAE-52 chromatography; this separated components of
      interest, which were not adsorbed, from intact hCGp, which was adsorbed to the
      column. The former were then subjected to gel filtration on Sephadex G-100, and
      the earliest eluting fractions, which proved to have the greatest TBI activity,
      were pooled, rechromatographed, and designated as variant hCG (hCGv). Three
      different preparations of hCGv were studied. All displayed a lower sialic acid
      content, by about half, than that in hCGp. Though their potencies varied
      somewhat, all had significant TBI activity, which was less than that of asialo
      hCGp, but more than that of hCGc. Saturation studies revealed that the TBI
      activities of hCGv and asialo-hCGp were due to a competitive inhibition of bTSH
      binding at both the high and low affinity bTSH-binding sites, whereas the
      inhibitory activity of hCGc was exerted primarily at the low affinity binding
      site. Preparations of hCGv were also capable of inhibiting the adenylate cyclase
      response to TSH in human thyroid membranes, and Lineweaver-Burk analysis revealed
      this inhibition to be competitive in nature. As with its TBI activity, the
      potency of hCGv to inhibit the adenylate cyclase response was intermediate
      between that of asialo-hCGp and hCGc. Among the three batches of hCGv, their
      inhibitory effects on bTSH binding and adenylate cyclase activation appeared to
      vary inversely with with their sialic acid content. Enzymatic desialylation of
      hCGv increased its potency to that of asialo-hCGp. Several lines of evidence, as
      follows, indicate that the moieties that comprise hCGv are modified forms of hCGp
      itself. 1) On a unit weight basis, hCGv was at least as potent as hCGp in its
      ability to inhibit the binding of [125I]hCG to rat testicular membranes.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3402400
TI  - Cessation of long day melatonin rhythms time puberty in a short day breeder.
AB  - This study tested the hypothesis that in the female sheep, a short day (SD)
      breeder, puberty can occur normally in the absence of ambient short days. More
      specifically, the photoperiod cue timing the transition into adulthood is
      exposure to and then termination of a long day melatonin rhythm. Control lambs
      born in the spring were exposed to 5 weeks of long days (LD; 16 h of light, 8 h
      of darkness; 18-23 weeks of age) and were raised in SD (8 h of light, 16 h of
      darkness) at other times. As expected from previous studies, this alternating
      photoperiod sequence (SD-LD-SD) induced puberty at the normal age in autumn [33
      +/- 2 weeks (mean +/- SEM); n = 6]. The other three groups were exposed only to
      LD from birth; the superior cervical ganglia were removed bilaterally at
      different ages to denervate the pineal gland in order to block transduction of
      subsequent LD cues. Puberty occurred normally (31 +/- 1 weeks; n = 7) after
      ganglionectomy at 23 weeks of age, indicating that ambient short days are not
      required to initiate reproductive cycles. LD are necessary, as evidenced by the
      results for the other two groups ganglionectomized neonatally at 4 weeks of age.
      With no further treatment, puberty was either delayed (n = 1) or did not occur
      during the first year of life (n = 5), after which the study ended. This delay
      was prevented in the other group of ganglionectomized lambs by a 5-week (18-23
      weeks of age) exposure to LD melatonin patterns by means of 8-h melatonin
      infusions nightly; 12 weeks after melatonin replacement therapy, puberty occurred
      at the normal time (34 +/- 1 weeks; n = 6). The inference is that for puberty to
      occur in the female lamb the animal must be exposed to relatively limited periods
      of LD, followed by the blockade or absence of further LD cues (pineal
      denervation, termination of LD melatonin infusion, or presence of SD). This
      supports the concept that the LD of summer, followed by their disappearance in
      autumn, time puberty in the female sheep.

PMID- 3402399
TI  - There is a nyctohemeral rhythm of type II iodothyronine 5'-deiodinase activity in
      rat anterior pituitary.
AB  - We found a nyctohemeral rhythm of type II iodothyronine 5'-deiodinase (5'-D-II)
      with a zenith at midnight in rat anterior pituitary, but not in brown adipose
      tissue. There was no nyctohemeral rhythm of 5'-D-I in anterior pituitary, liver,
      or kidney. Hypothyroidism abolished the nyctohemeral rhythmicity in anterior
      pituitary 5'-D-II. The rhythmicity of anterior pituitary 5'-D-II may play a role
      in setting the nyctohemeral rhythm of TSH secretion by regulating the degree of
      negative feedback by locally generated T3 in the thyrotroph.

PMID- 3402401
TI  - Developmental and hormonal regulation of bovine granulosa cell function in the
      preovulatory follicle.
AB  - Bovine granulosa cells were isolated from small antral, medium antral, and large
      Graffian follicles (i.e. small, medium, and large preovulatory follicles). Serum
      free cultures of granulosa cells were established and found to be viable for 3-6
      days of cell culture. Radiolabeled granulosa cell-secreted proteins were obtained
      and analyzed electrophoretically. No major changes were detected in the protein
      profiles of small, medium, and large follicle granulosa cells. FSH and insulin,
      however, had a dramatic effect on granulosa cell-secreted proteins and increased
      the apparent production of 200K, 65K, 25K, and 15K proteins. The effects of these
      hormones on the radiolabeled secreted proteins were similar for small, medium,
      and large follicle granulosa cells. Aromatase activity was high for the first day
      of serum-free granulosa cell culture and subsequently declined to low levels.
      Both FSH and insulin alone stimulated aromatase activity, while a combination of
      hormones resulted in an additive response similar to the stimulation observed
      with 10% calf serum. Although the level of aromatase activity increased slightly
      with the size of the follicle, the effects of hormones were independent of
      follicle size. Progesterone production was low on days 1 and 2 of serum-free
      granulosa cell culture and high on days 3 and 6 of cell culture. Interestingly,
      FSH and insulin suppressed progesterone production on day 1 of cell culture for
      small and medium follicle granulosa cells, but not for large follicle cells. In
      contrast, hormones stimulated progesterone production on days 3 and 6 of
      granulosa cell culture, and the level of progesterone production increased with
      the size of the follicle. The stimulatory effects of hormones on days 3 and 6 of
      the culture were similar for medium and large follicle granulosa cells, but were
      altered for small follicle cells. Results indicate that when aromatase activity
      is high and stimulated by hormones, progesterone levels are low and generally
      suppressed by the same regulatory agents. Conversely when progesterone levels are
      high and hormone responsive, aromatase activity is low. The inverse relationship
      between aromatase activity and progesterone production implies that bovine
      granulosa cells alter their differentiated state in culture from an estrogen
      producing cell to a progesterone-producing cell. Combined observations indicate
      that the results obtained on day 1 of culture probably reflect the developmental
      and hormonal regulation of granulosa cell function in the preovulatory follicle,
      while data obtained at later times in culture reflect the ability of the cell to
      synthesize progesterone and develop a luteinization-like activity.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3402402
TI  - Genetic selection for insulin-like growth factor-1 in growing mice is associated
      with altered growth.
AB  - Substantial responses in the 6-week and mature body-weights of mice occurred
      after 7 generations of selection for or against plasma levels of Insulin-like
      Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1). Plasma levels of IGF-1 were also significantly different
      after 7 generations of selection (high line = 85 +/- 2 ng/ml, low line = 58 +/- 2
      ng/ml). The average 6-week weight in the line selected for high plasma IGF-1 was
      22.5 +/- .2 g compared with 18.5 +/- .2 g in the low plasma IGF-1 line, after 7
      generations of selection. The difference between lines was maintained at 20 weeks
      of age. These data provide further evidence for the roles of IGF-1 in the
      regulation of somatic growth and as a mediator of a genetic component of growth.

PMID- 3402404
TI  - Asbestos-contaminated drinking water: its impact on household air.
AB  - Asbestos contamination in excess of 10 billion fibers per liter was detected in a
      community's drinking water. To assess the possibility of waterborne asbestos
      becoming airborne, air samples were collected from impacted houses receiving
      contaminated water from three control houses. Collected within each house were
      three samples on 0.6-micrometer-pore Nuclepore filters and three samples on 0.8
      micrometer-pore Millipore filters. In addition, bulk samples of suspect material
      and water samples were collected. Mean waterborne asbestos concentrations were 24
      million fibers per liter (MFL) in the impacted houses versus only 1.1 MFL in the
      control houses. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that airborne asbestos
      concentrations were highest in impacted houses, with airborne asbestos
      concentrations positively correlated with waterborne concentrations. For fiber
      and mass measurements on both filter types, airborne asbestos concentrations were
      significantly higher in the impacted houses: mean concentrations in impacted
      houses were 0.12 fibers/cm3 and 1.7 ng/m3 on Nuclepore filters and 0.053
      fibers/cm3 and 2.3 ng/m3 on Millipore filters versus only 0.037 fibers/cm3 and
      0.31 ng/m3 on Nuclepore filters and 0.0077 fibers/cm3 and 0.14 ng/m3 on Millipore
      filters from control houses. Also detected in the air samples from impacted
      houses were clusters of chrysotile, often with several hundreds of fibers. When
      estimates of these individual fibers were added to the total fiber count, the
      difference between the impacted and control houses became even greater. The
      increased concentrations in impacted houses were due primarily to short (less
      than 1 micrometer) fibers. Bulk samples did not reveal likely materials within
      the impacted houses to account for these differences. Thus high levels of
      waterborne asbestos were apparently the source of increased concentrations of
      airborne asbestos within these houses.

PMID- 3402403
TI  - Alveolar macrophages in rabbits after combined exposure to nickel and trivalent
      chromium.
AB  - Rabbits were exposed to a combination of 0.7 mg/m3 Ni2+ as NiCl2 and 1.2 mg/m3 of
      Cr3+ as Cr(NO3)3, to 0.6 mg/m3 of Ni2+ as NiCl2, or to filtered air for about 4
      months, 5 days/week and 6 hr/day. Alveolar macrophages were recovered by lung
      lavage and studied by light and electron microscopy. Metabolic activity,
      phagocytic capacity and lysozyme activity in the macrophages were studied. After
      the combined exposure, the effects on lung weight, number of macrophages, and
      appearance of surface and number of intracellular laminated inclusions in these
      cells were more than additive. These effects might be explained by a combination
      of increased production by Ni2+ and impaired catabolism of surfactant by Cr3+.
      Because the metal concentrations used were not far above occupational threshold
      limit values, combined exposures to nickel and trivalent chromium should be
      considered more seriously.

PMID- 3402405
TI  - In vitro toxicity of welding fumes and their constituents.
AB  - Welding fumes from a wide variety of processes and applications were assayed for
      toxicity with BHK21 cell line and SHE primary cells in culture. The most toxic
      fumes are those from the manual metal arc welding of stainless steel (MMA/SS)
      (LD50 = 7-14 microgram/ml), although all other welding fumes tested are toxic,
      with potencies lower by a factor of 10-200. The activity of MMA/SS is presumably
      due to the presence of high concentrations of Cr(VI) in the soluble fraction: For
      all other fumes the lowered activity (LD50 = 80-800 microgram/ml) is limited
      mostly to the insoluble fraction, and in part can be related to the presence of
      MnO2 and Fe3O4 which are toxic at such levels in these cell culture assays.
      Slight discrepancies between survival tests for the two cell lines, and between
      survival and lactate dehydrogenate release for BHK, indicate a differential
      response to certain constituents of these complex materials. These results
      suggest the need for a battery of different types of assays for use in an
      eventual ranking of exposures for the purpose of relative risk assessment.

PMID- 3402406
TI  - Grain dust contains a tannin-like material which fixes complement.
AB  - Grain dust extract has been found to activate complement. We investigated the
      possibility that this activity was due to tannin by comparing the characteristics
      of grain dust extract with those of tannic acid. The properties that were studied
      were the interaction with albumin and immunoglobulin G, the stability to heat,
      and the adsorption to polyvinylpolypyrrolidone and hide powder. Grain dust
      extract was found to show similarities with tannic acid which were consistent
      with the presence of tannin accounting for most of its complement fixing
      activity.

PMID- 3402408
TI  - Hernias and ruptures: words to the heat of deeds.

PMID- 3402409
TI  - Transition into the breeding season: clues to the mechanisms of seasonality.

PMID- 3402410
TI  - Surgical treatment of acquired inguinal hernia in the horse: a review of 51
      cases.
AB  - During a seven year period, 51 cases of acquired inguinal herniation in 50
      stallions were treated surgically. In 25 cases the herniated loop was ileal, in
      the other 26 it was jejunal. In cases of strangulation, the vaginal ring was
      enlarged by incising the peritoneum and transverse fascia. Closure of the
      superficial inguinal ring was advisable to prevent the hernia recurring. In all
      cases unilateral castration was performed. Laparotomy was carried out in 33
      cases; 22 required intestinal resection and in four cases a bypass was made.
      Follow-up at least six months postoperatively indicated that surgery had been
      successful in 76 per cent of the cases treated.

PMID- 3402407
TI  - Recent developments: UAW vs Johnson control.

PMID- 3402411
TI  - Ruptured inguinal hernia in new-born colt foals: a review of 14 cases.
AB  - Over a six year period, 14 new-born colt foals were treated surgically because of
      ruptured inguinal hernia. In all cases, the prolapsed intestines, which were
      jejunal loops, were situated subcutaneously and protruded through a rent in the
      parietal vaginal tunic at the level of the inguinal canal. After herniorrhaphy
      and unilateral castration, the prolapsed loops were replaced into the abdomen,
      and the superficial inguinal ring closed. Seven foals survived.

PMID- 3402412
TI  - Kinetics of gentamicin elimination in two horses with acute renal failure.

PMID- 3402413
TI  - Effects of xylazine and acepromazine on bronchomotor tone of anaesthetised
      ponies.
AB  - The effects of xylazine (an alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist) and acepromazine (an
      alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist) on bronchomotor tone were investigated in seven
      anaesthetised, apnoeic ponies using a computer aided forced oscillation
      technique, which separates changes in bronchial calibre from changes in lung
      volume. Both agents produced bronchodilatation and a decrease in lung volume.

PMID- 3402414
TI  - External balance of water and electrolytes in the horse.
AB  - The components of the daily external water and electrolyte balances of five
      normal Standardbred geldings with a mean body weight of 427 kg, were determined
      over 14 day periods. The mean value of daily total water intake (a summation of
      free, combined and metabolic water intake) for the group was 27.6 litres, that
      is, 64.4 ml/kg body weight, while mean values for ambient temperature and
      humidity ranged from 16 to 25 degrees C and 55.4 to 75.5 per cent, respectively.
      The mean daily urine volume of 9.9 litres (23.2 ml/kg) for the group, was found
      to exceed the mean faecal water output of 7.2 litres (16.9 ml/kg). The mean
      output of sodium for the five animals, in urine and faeces, was 780 mmol or 79
      per cent of the intake. The mean output of potassium, chloride, calcium and
      magnesium were 3163, 2521, 1824 and 1448 mmol or 95, 84, 74 and 75 per cent,
      respectively of intake. The sodium and potassium not accounted for in urine and
      faeces may well have been lost in sweat. Results are discussed and compared with
      those of a previous external balance study in the horse.

PMID- 3402415
TI  - Detection of neurectomy by testing skin sensitivity using an electrical stimulus.
AB  - A method for detection of neurectomy by electrical stimulation of the skin,
      distal to the neurectomy site, was tested for accuracy and feasibility. An
      electrical stimulation device was designed and tested to find the minimum peak
      voltage that would elicit a response in normal horses. Twenty seven horses were
      then tested at regular intervals following neurectomy and their responses
      recorded. Immediately following neurectomy there was an area of insensitivity
      with sharply defined borders extending in an arc from the back of the pastern
      down towards the bulbs of the heels. In the months following neurectomy, re
      innervation occurred and this area gradually reduced in size, although it was
      still possible to detect insensitive areas 14 months after neurectomy in all
      horses tested. The method proved to be safe, accurate and ethically acceptable.

PMID- 3402416
TI  - Body temperature and behaviour of mares during the last two weeks of pregnancy.
AB  - Average daily core body temperature and behavioural patterns of pregnant mares
      were studied, in search of definitive signs of parturition within 24 h of the
      event. Nineteen pony mares were sampled twice daily for core body temperature. A
      significant temperature drop, averaging 0.1 degrees C (0.2 degrees F) was
      observed during the day prior to parturition. Between 18.00 h and 06.00 h, during
      the two weeks before parturition, Thoroughbred and Standardbred mares (n = 52)
      spent an average 66.8 per cent of their time standing, 27.0 per cent eating, 4.9
      per cent lying in sternal recumbency, 1.0 per cent lying in lateral recumbency,
      and 0.3 per cent walking. On the night before parturition, mares spent
      significantly less time lying in sternal recumbency than on previous nights and
      on the night of parturition all behaviour patterns except eating were
      significantly different from the nights of the two weeks before parturition.
      There was an increase in walking (5.3 per cent), lying in sternal recumbency (8
      per cent) and lying in lateral recumbency (5.3 per cent) whereas standing (53.3
      per cent) was decreased. In 58 observed pregnancies, 54 mares (97 per cent)
      foaled in a recumbent position and 50 mares (86 per cent) foaled between 18.00 h
      and 06.00 h.

PMID- 3402417
TI  - Quantification of skin displacement near the carpal, tarsal and fetlock joints of
      the walking horse.
AB  - A technique enabling simultaneous visualisation of skin and underlying bony
      structures in the walking horse was used to quantify skin displacements on the
      lateral surface of carpal, tarsal and fetlock joints. The technique employed
      implanted light-emitting-diodes (LEDs) for marking the bone, and self adhesive
      spot labels for marking the overlying skin. Photographic recordings were made.
      Skin displacement was measured in six Dutch Warmblood horses. Mean total
      displacements and mean displacement per degree of change of joint angle were
      calculated. Displacements at the level of the fetlock joints appeared to be
      generally small (less than or equal to 2 mm), but displacements up to 2 cm were
      measured in the distal tibia. Displacements of this magnitude are of importance
      for the interpretation of results obtained by modern gait analysis techniques.

PMID- 3402418
TI  - Distribution of ground reaction forces of the concurrently loaded limbs of the
      Dutch Warmblood horse at the normal walk.
AB  - The distribution of the ground reaction forces (GRF) over the concurrently loaded
      limbs of the normally walking horse was determined from 'representative' GRF
      patterns of all limbs, which were plotted in correct time order after analysis of
      simultaneously taken high-speed film. This procedure visualises the GRF patterns
      of each of the four limbs in relation to the GRF pattern(s) of the one or two
      concurrently loaded limb(s) during a complete stride. In 15 clinically sound
      horses the mean averaged GRF data and temporal stride parameters showed an almost
      complete symmetry between both the forelimbs and both the hindlimbs and resulted
      in a load distribution during the first half of the stride being almost identical
      to those in the second half of the stride. The transverse horizontal force (Fx)
      was maximum during the unilateral support phase. No more than one limb at a time
      contributed to either the deceleration or acceleration longitudinal horizontal
      (Fy) force. The total vertical (Fz) force of the concurrently loaded limbs during
      a complete stride fluctuated between 7 to 12 N/kg body weight. In a left forelimb
      lame horse, the decreased GRF amplitudes were compensated by increased GRF
      amplitudes in the three other limbs during both the swing phase and stance phase
      of the lame limb. Due to alterations of both GRF data and temporal stride
      parameters of the lame limb, as well as the three other limbs, the distribution
      of the GRF during the complete stride was changed dramatically.

PMID- 3402419
TI  - Increased local IgA production in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
AB  - The immunoglobulin (Ig) content of serum and tracheal lavage fluid was measured
      in 50 horses suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and 40
      control horses. The mean immunoglobulin: albumin ratios of the lavage fluids of
      both groups were significantly higher than the corresponding values for serum,
      which indicates significant local production of immunoglobulins in the lower
      respiratory tract. The IgA: albumin ratio of lavage fluid was significantly
      higher in diseased compared with normal horses, which implies increased local
      production of IgA in this disease. The IgG: albumin and IgM: albumin ratios of
      lavage fluid were not significantly different in the two groups of horses. These
      results reveal an involvement of the respiratory mucosal immune system in COPD.

PMID- 3402420
TI  - Ovarian strangulation as a cause of small colon obstruction in a foal.

PMID- 3402421
TI  - A case of atlanto-occipital arthropathy following guttural pouch mycosis in a
      horse. The use of radioisotope bone scanning as an aid to diagnosis.

PMID- 3402422
TI  - Electrohydraulic lithotripsy for the treatment of cystic calculus in two
      geldings.

PMID- 3402423
TI  - Measurements of heart rate and riding speed on a horse during a training
      programme for endurance rides.

PMID- 3402424
TI  - Proceedings of a CEC Workshop on Risky Decision-making in Transport Operations.
      Soesterberg, The Netherlands, 9-11 November 1986.

PMID- 3402425
TI  - Night-time driving: the use of seat-belts and alcohol.

PMID- 3402426
TI  - The tenth congress of the International Ergonomics Association. Sydney,
      Australia, August 1988. Proceedings.

PMID- 3402427
TI  - Biomechanical modelling of the low back during load lifting.

PMID- 3402428
TI  - Geometrical conditions for ballistic and visually controlled movements.

PMID- 3402429
TI  - Directional ballistic movement with transported mass.

PMID- 3402430
TI  - c-myc down-regulates class I HLA expression in human melanomas.
AB  - Expression of class I HLA antigen has been shown to be reduced in a number of
      human tumours. Here we show that in a panel of 11 melanoma cell lines with
      variable class I HLA expression an inverse correlation exists between the mRNA
      levels of c-myc and class I HLA. This suggests that high expression of the c-myc
      oncogene might inhibit the class I HLA expression. To test this hypothesis a
      melanoma cell line with a low c-myc and high class I HLA mRNA expression was
      transfected with a c-myc expression vector. All clones expressing the transfected
      c-myc gene show reduced class I HLA mRNA and beta 2-microglobulin mRNA
      expression. Reduced class I HLA mRNA levels result in a lowered class I protein
      expression on the cell surface. Treatment with gamma-interferon fully restores
      the class I HLA and beta 2-microglobulin expression in these cells. This effect
      is preceded by a transient decrease of the c-myc mRNA level. These results show
      that the class I HLA expression is modulated by the level of c-myc expression,
      thus opening up the possibility that high expression of this oncogene influences
      the interaction of melanoma cells with the immune system.

PMID- 3402433
TI  - Zipper encodes a putative integral membrane protein required for normal axon
      patterning during Drosophila neurogenesis.
AB  - During the development of the central nervous system, Drosophila embryo axons
      become organized in a stereo-typed fasciculation pattern. We have found that the
      zipper (zip) gene, initially identified on the basis of a defective larval
      cuticle in zip mutant embryos, is possibly involved in the establishment or
      maintenance of the axon pattern during the late stages of neurogenesis. The zip
      wild-type gene is expressed in the developing nervous system. It codes for a
      putative integral membrane protein. Both the molecular features of zipper and its
      biological effect in the nervous system of mutants suggest that zipper is an
      essential component for cell surface interactions involved in axon patterning,
      and that the cuticle phenotype of zip mutants is dependent on the primary defects
      observed in the nervous system.

PMID- 3402432
TI  - Transcription fraction TFIIIC can regulate differential Xenopus 5S RNA gene
      transcription in vitro.
AB  - An extract of whole oocytes (oocyte S150) differentially transcribes Xenopus
      oocyte and somatic 5S RNA genes. In the oocyte S150, transcription complexes with
      different stabilities are assembled onto oocyte and somatic 5S DNA. The stability
      of the transcription complex is dependent on activities present in a fraction
      containing transcription factor TFIIIC. This fraction stabilizes the binding of
      the positive transcription factor TFIIIA to a somatic 5S RNA gene much more
      efficiently than it does to an oocyte gene. The oocyte S150 transcription extract
      is deficient in TFIIIC such that supplementation with a fraction enriched in this
      transcription factor selectively stimulates oocyte 5S DNA transcription.
      Previously it has been shown that an egg extract deficient in TFIIIA selectively
      transcribes somatic 5S RNA genes. Thus under conditions where there is
      differential stability of transcription complexes, limitation of either TFIIIA or
      TFIIIC may exaggerate the differential expression of two genes.

PMID- 3402431
TI  - Isolation of cDNAs for two distinct human Fc receptors by ligand affinity
      cloning.
AB  - Two cDNA clones encoding different but related receptors for immunoglobulin G
      constant domains were isolated from cDNA expression libraries by a ligand
      mediated selection procedure ('affinity cloning'). Because both of the receptors
      encoded by the cDNAs react with CDw32 monoclonal antibodies, and both show the
      appropriate IgG binding affinity, both appear to be forms of the receptor
      formerly thought to be a single species called FcRII. The extracellular domains
      encoded by the isolated clones are closely related to the murine IgG2b/1 beta
      receptor extracellular domains, but the intracellular domains are unrelated. The
      receptors expressed in COS cells show a preference for IgG1 among IgG subtypes
      and no affinity for IgM, IgA or IgE. Abundant expression of the RNAs was detected
      in myeloid cell lines and placenta.

PMID- 3402436
TI  - Vaccinia virus late transcripts generated in vitro have a poly(A) head.
AB  - A cell free system mediating accurate transcription of vaccinia virus genes was
      established using lysates of cells in the late phase of infection. Vaccinia late
      genes are faithfully transcribed in this extract whereas cellular pol II and pol
      III promoters are not recognized. The late viral transcripts contain a poly(A)
      head of approximately 35 nt at the 5' end which is not co-linearly encoded in the
      externally added template. The transcripts obtained in vitro are
      indistinguishable from the mature in vivo RNAs. The poly(A) head is synthesized
      de novo and its formation appears to be directly coupled to the transcription of
      the gene. The synthesis of the poly(A) head transcripts in vitro is consistent
      with a proposed slippage model.

PMID- 3402434
TI  - The topogenic signal of the glycosomal (microbody) phosphoglycerate kinase of
      Crithidia fasciculata resides in a carboxy-terminal extension.
AB  - To determine how microbody proteins enter microbodies, we have previously
      compared the genes for the cytosolic and glycosomal (microbody) phosphoglycerate
      kinases (PGKs) of Trypanosoma brucei and found the microbody enzyme to differ
      from other PGKs and the cytosolic form in two respects: a high net positive
      charge and a C-terminal extension of 20 amino acids (Osinga et al., 1985). Here
      we present the comparison of the genes for the cytosolic and glycosomal PGKs of
      Crithidia fasciculata, another kinetoplastid organism. The amino acid sequences
      of the two Crithidia isoenzymes are virtually identical, except for a C-terminal
      extension of 38 amino acids. We conclude that this extension must direct the
      glycosomal PGK to the glycosome. The extensions of the Crithidia and Trypanosoma
      enzymes are both rich in small hydrophobic and hydroxyl amino acids.

PMID- 3402437
TI  - A semi-dominant allele, niv-525, acts in trans to inhibit expression of its wild
      type homologue in Antirrhinum majus.
AB  - Niv-525 is a semi-dominant allele of the nivea locus, which encodes the enzyme
      chalcone synthase required for flower pigment biosynthesis in Antirrhinum majus.
      Plants heterozygous for niv-525 and wild-type (Niv+) allele, have flowers with a
      reduced intensity and novel spatial pattern of pigmentation compared with Niv+
      homozygotes. In heterozygotes, niv-525 acts in trans to reduce the steady-state
      level of nivea transcript produced by its Niv+ homologue and hence the quantity
      of chalcone synthase protein. Niv-525 carries an inverted duplication of 207 bp
      in its promoter region which has arisen following excision of the transposable
      element Tam 3. This structure can be explained by a model of plant transposable
      element excision that involves resolution of two hairpin DNA molecules. Possible
      mechanisms for the trans-acting effect of niv-525 and its relationship to other
      examples of allelic interactions, such as transvection in Drosophila
      melanogaster, are discussed.

PMID- 3402435
TI  - Acyl-CoA oxidase contains two targeting sequences each of which can mediate
      protein import into peroxisomes.
AB  - Acyl-CoA oxidase is a major induced enzyme in peroxisomes of Candida tropicalis
      grown on fatty acids. The gene, POX4, encoding acyl-CoA oxidase was expressed in
      vitro, and the resulting polypeptide was imported into purified peroxisomes in a
      temperature-dependent fashion. Plasmids containing fragments of POX4 were
      prepared, expressed and the polypeptides tested for import into peroxisomes. We
      identified two regions of acyl-CoA oxidase (amino acids 1-118 and 309-427) that
      contained information that specifically targeted fragments of acyl-CoA oxidase to
      peroxisomes. The corresponding regions of the gene were fused to cDNA encoding
      the cytosolic enzyme dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), and the expressed fusion
      proteins were likewise imported into peroxisomes. DHFR itself neither bound to,
      nor was imported into peroxisomes. Thus, there are at least two regions of
      peroxisomal targeting information in the acyl-CoA oxidase gene.

PMID- 3402438
TI  - Structure and orientation of halorhodopsin in the membrane: a proteolytic
      fragmentation study.
AB  - Halorhodopsin (HR), the light-driven chloride pump in halobacteria, was digested
      with various proteolytic enzymes. As expected, carboxypeptidase A removed 14
      amino acids from the C-terminal tail of detergent-solubilized HR, producing a
      fragment of 25.2 kd in size. Membrane-associated HR could be digested as well,
      but not in right-side-out sealed cell envelope vesicles. We conclude, therefore,
      that the orientation of HR in the cytoplasmic membrane is such that the C
      terminal tail faces the cytoplasmic side. Tryptic digestion of detergent
      solubilized HR resulted in the removal of the same C-terminal segment, but also
      in the production of two more cleavage products (molecular masses of 20.9 and
      16.8 kd respectively). These cleavage sites were determined by amino acid
      sequencing of the newly produced N termini, and they turned out to be within
      interhelical loops in an earlier proposed structural model for HR. Incubation
      with chymotrypsin and thermolysin yielded different sites of cleavage, but also
      in regions which were proposed to be accessible on the surface of the protein.
      Since the results show that three of six proposed interhelical loop segments
      contain proteolytic digestion sites, they support the proposed structural model
      for HR.

PMID- 3402439
TI  - Evidence that luminal ER proteins are sorted from secreted proteins in a post-ER
      compartment.
AB  - Several soluble proteins that reside in the lumen of the ER contain a specific C
      terminal sequence (KDEL) which prevents their secretion. This sequence may be
      recognized by a receptor that either immobilizes the proteins in the ER, or sorts
      them from other proteins at a later point in the secretory pathway and returns
      them to their normal location. To distinguish these possibilities, I have
      attached an ER retention signal to the lysosomal protein cathepsin D. The
      oligosaccharide side chains of this protein are normally modified sequentially by
      two enzymes to form mannose-6-phosphate residues; these enzymes do not act in the
      ER, but are thought to be located in separate compartments within (or near) the
      Golgi apparatus. Cathepsin D bearing the ER signal accumulates within the ER, but
      continues to be modified by the first of the mannose-6-phosphate forming enzymes.
      Modification is strongly temperature-dependent, which is also a feature of ER-to
      Golgi transport. These results support the idea that luminal ER proteins are
      continuously retrieved from a post-ER compartment, and that this compartment
      contains N-acetylglucosaminyl-1-phosphotransferase activity.

PMID- 3402442
TI  - Diagnostic evaluation of endocrine disorders I.

PMID- 3402440
TI  - Structural relationships between clathrin assembly proteins from the Golgi and
      the plasma membrane.
AB  - We have established by peptide mapping and immunochemical analysis of purified
      clathrin assembly protein preparations from bovine brain, that the cluster of
      components of mol. wt 100-120 kd fall into four classes, which we term alpha,
      beta, beta' and gamma. The beta and beta' proteins are immunologically related
      and generate a series of common tryptic peptides. The same criteria reveal no
      such homologies between the alpha, beta(beta') and gamma polypeptides. The so
      called HA-II assembly protein group contains equimolar amounts of alpha and beta
      class polypeptides, which are shown to interact with each other. In the HA-I
      group assembly protein complex gamma and beta' class polypeptides form a
      stoichiometric complex. Immunofluorescence microscopy reveals that the HA-I
      complex is specifically associated with clathrin-coated membranes in the Golgi
      region of cultured cells, whereas the HA-II complex appears to be restricted to
      coated pits on the plasma membrane. The data lead to the tentative conclusion
      that the clathrin assembly proteins are involved in the recognition of the
      intracellular targets by uncoated vesicles.

PMID- 3402441
TI  - Endothelial cell growth factors in embryonic and adult chick brain are related to
      human acidic fibroblast growth factor.
AB  - We have investigated the nature of endothelial cell growth factors in 14-day
      embryonic and adult chick brain extracts. Mitogenic activity was isolated by a
      combination of cation-exchange, heparin-Sepharose affinity, and reverse-phase
      HPLC. Two major mitogenic fractions eluted from heparin-Sepharose at 0.8-1.3 M
      and 1.5-2 M. Biologically active proteins eluting at 0.8-1.3 M NaCl, after
      purification to homogeneity from embryonic and adult brain, were found to possess
      the same amino-terminal sequence as human acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF).
      The notion that the isolated mitogens represent chick aFGF is further supported
      by the findings that their affinity for heparin and their retention behavior in
      highly resolutive HPLC are indistinguishable from those of genuine aFGF.
      Mitogenic activities eluting at 1.5-2 M NaCl were also present in embryonic and
      adult brain, but in quantities insufficient for preliminary characterization. The
      high specific mitogenic activity for endothelial cells, high affinity for heparin
      and cross-reactivity with antibodies against bovine basic FGF (bFGF) suggest a
      relationship of those materials with basic FGF. Our data also suggest that the
      sequence of aFGF is highly conserved among vertebrates. While angiogenesis occurs
      predominantly in the embryonic brain, the absence of notable differences in the
      contents of the potent angiogenic factors aFGF and bFGF in embryonic versus adult
      chick brain is interesting.

PMID- 3402443
TI  - 1H-NMR assignment and folding of the isolated ribonuclease 21-42 fragment.
AB  - We show in this paper that the isolated bovine ribonuclease 21-42 fragment is
      able to adopt in water solution a measurable population (14% at 22 degrees C, pH
      5.4) of a native-like alpha-helical structure. Strong support for this conclusion
      is given by the analysis of CD data and 1H chemical shift variations with the
      temperature and the addition of stabilizing (trifluoroethanol) and denaturing
      (urea) agents. This results gives experimental support to the idea that native
      isolated secondary structure elements (at least alpha helices) are, as a rule,
      partially stable in solution and therefore they can act as independent protein
      folding nucleation centers.

PMID- 3402444
TI  - Phorbol ester prevents the thyroid-stimulating-hormone-induced but not the
      forskolin-induced decrease of cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity in thyroid
      cell cultures.
AB  - The potent tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol 13-acetate (TPA) affects
      several thyroid cell functions and interacts with thyroid-stimulating hormone
      (TSH) either by inhibiting or potentiating its action on different cellular
      parameters. Since phorbol ester acts mainly through the activation of protein
      kinase C, which is its receptor, we studied this activation and its interaction
      with TSH and forskolin in suspension cultures of porcine thyroid cells. In
      thyroid cell cultures, TPA has a dual effect on protein kinase C activity:
      immediately (2-5 min) after exposure of cells to TPA, it began to be translocated
      from the cytosol to the particulate fraction. The transfer of the cytosolic
      enzyme was total and could occur with or without a loss of activity. The
      translocated enzyme still needed Ca2+ and phospholipids for its activation. The
      basal activity increased transiently (2-4 h) in both the cytosol and particulate
      fractions during translocation. The peak activity in the particulate fraction was
      reached 10-30 min after exposure of cells to TPA, and was followed by down
      regulation of protein kinase C and almost complete disappearance of its activity.
      The residual activity was about 13% of control after a 2-day exposure to TPA. It
      was unequally distributed between cytosol (4%) and particulate fraction (9%).
      Prolonged exposure of cells to TPA did not affect either the activity or the
      subcellular distribution of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity. TPA
      interacted with TSH and prevented the decrease of this activity induced by
      prolonged exposure of cells to the hormone not only when it was introduced
      simultaneously with TSH, but also when it was added 24 h after TSH. However, the
      forskolin-induced decrease in cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity was not
      prevented by the presence of TPA. TPA also affected the increases in cAMP
      accumulation mediated by TSH and forskolin. The TSH-induced increase was
      significantly stimulated by TPA after short contacts (5-15 min), while longer
      preincubations of cells with TPA provoked a very strong inhibition of the TSH
      action. However, the forskolin-induced stimulation of the cAMP accumulation was
      maintained and even further increased in the presence of TPA. Consequently, the
      actions of TSH and TPA are apparently interdependent, while those of forskolin
      and TPA seem to be parallel and independent. Neither TSH nor forskolin prevented
      the TPA-induced down regulation of protein kinase C. The biologically inactive
      phorbol ester analogue 4 alpha-phorbol 12,13-didecanoate had no effect on protein
      kinase C activity, and did not interact with either TSH or forskolin.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3402445
TI  - Amino acid sequences of hemoglobins I and II from root nodules of the non
      leguminous Parasponia rigida-rhizobium symbiosis, and a correction of the
      sequence of hemoglobin I from Parasponia andersonii.
AB  - The amino acid sequence of hemoglobins I (pI 6.15 as oxyhemoglobin) and II (pI
      5.64 as oxyhemoglobin) from the nitrogen-fixing root nodules of Parasponia rigida
      have been determined by protein sequencing. The sequence of hemoglobin I (pI
      6.16, as oxyhemoglobin) from Parasponia andersonii was re-examined and the
      corrected primary structure, now in agreement with that predicted from the DNA
      sequence, is reported. The three Parasponia hemoglobins contain 161 amino acid
      residues (Mr approximately equal to 18,700 including the heme) with a single
      cysteine residue and five methionine residues. The N-terminal serine is blocked
      by an acetyl group. The primary structure of the Parasponia hemoglobins is highly
      conserved. Hemoglobins I from the two species of Parasponia are identical; both
      show microheterogeneity at position 30 (Asp/Glu substitution) and hemoglobin I
      from P. rigida shows microheterogeneity at position 150 (Ala/Val) while
      hemoglobin I from P. andersonii has only an Ala at 150. P. rigida hemoglobin II
      shows no microheterogeneity at these positions, having Asp and Val residues
      respectively, and it contains a single amino acid change of a Gln for an Arg at
      position 85, which accounts for the 0.5 unit difference in isoelectric point
      observed between hemoglobins I and II. The sequence data are consistent with
      allelic heterogeneity at a single locus rather than different genes.

PMID- 3402446
TI  - The structure of jack bean urease. The complete amino acid sequence, limited
      proteolysis and reactive cysteine residues.
AB  - The amino acid sequence of jack bean urease has been determined. The protein
      consists of a single kind of polypeptide chain containing 840 amino acid
      residues. The subunit relative molecular mass calculated from the sequence is
      90,770, indicating that urease is composed of six subunits. Out of 25 histidine
      residues in urease, 13 were crowded in the region between residues 479 and 607,
      suggesting that this region may contain the nickel-binding site. Limited tryptic
      digestion cleaved urease at two sites, Lys-128 and Lys-662. Proteolytic products
      were not dissociated and retained full enzymatic activity. Five tryptic peptides
      containing the reactive cysteine residues were isolated and characterized with
      the aid of sulfhydryl-specific reagents, N-iodoacetyl-N'-(5-sulfo-1
      naphthyl)ethylenediamine and N-(7-dimethylamino-4-methyl-3-coumarinyl)-maleimide.
      The reactive cysteine residues were located at positions 59, 207, 592, 663, and
      824. The possibility that Cys-59, Cys-207, Cys-663, and Cys-824 are involved in
      the urease activity of the enzyme has been eliminated. Cys-592, which is
      essential for enzymatic activity, is located in the above-mentioned histidine
      rich region.

PMID- 3402447
TI  - Purification and properties of (S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine oxidase from
      suspension-cultured cells of Berberis wilsoniae.
AB  - A novel oxidase, catalyzing in the presence of oxygen the removal of four
      hydrogen atoms from a number of tetrahydroprotoberberines with simultaneous
      production of 1 mol H2O2 and H2O each, has been discovered and purified to
      homogeneity from Berberis wilsoniae cell cultures. This enzyme, (S)
      tetrahydroprotoberberine oxidase, exhibited strict specificity for the (S)
      enantiomer of tetrahydroprotoberberines and 1-benzylisoquinoline alkaloids, a pH
      optimum at 8.9, a molecular mass of 105 kDa and consisted of two subunits each of
      53 kDa and covalently bound flavin. The Km values for (S)-scoulerine and (S)
      norreticuline were 25 microM and 150 microM respectively. Concentration of the
      end-products, either protoberberines or H2O2, greater than 0.5 mM caused severe
      enzyme inhibition. This catalyst was responsible for the conversion of (S)
      tetrahydrocolumbamine to the key intermediate, columbamine, in the metabolic
      pathway leading to berberine, jatrorrhizine and palmatine.

PMID- 3402448
TI  - Stimulation of uracil nucleotide synthesis in mouse liver, intestine and kidney
      by ammonium chloride infusion.
AB  - De novo pyrimidine synthesis was studied in mouse liver, intestine, and kidney by
      intraperitoneal infusion of 15NH4Cl and analysis of 15N incorporation into uracil
      nucleotide pools. When the dose of a 1-h infusion of 15NH4Cl was increased from
      50 mumol to 250 mumol the fraction of the total uracil nucleotide pool formed by
      de novo synthesis increased 4.0-fold in liver to 8.4% and 2.3-fold in intestine
      to 13.7%. The increase in intestine was independent of the increase in liver as
      evidenced by the lack of correlation between the increase observed in the
      intestine and liver of the same animal and the different distributions of label
      in the uracil ring nitrogens. A 2.4-fold increase in newly formed uracil
      nucleotides was observed in kidney when the infusion dose was raised from 150
      mumol to 250 mumol. The increase in kidney was correlated with the increase in
      liver in the same animal and the distribution of label in the uracil ring
      nitrogens was similar to the distribution in liver. These results suggest that
      the increase in newly formed uracil nucleotides in intestine is due to increased
      de novo synthesis of pyrimidines in the intestine, while the increase in the
      kidney is due to increased salvage synthesis of uracil nucleotides from uridine
      synthesized in the liver and output to the circulation.

PMID- 3402449
TI  - Isolation and structure of a novel pyridine derivative from the Algerian newt,
      Pleurodeles waltlii.
AB  - Since its discovery more than 20 years ago the structure of a strongly
      fluorescent compound called "pleurodeles blue" has remained unknown. Isolation of
      this pigment has been carried out by successive column chromatographies including
      epichlorohydrin-triethanolamine-Sephadex and phospho-Sephadex. The structural
      elucidation of a novel pyridone N-glycoside, 1-beta-D-glucopyranosylpyrid-2(1H)
      one-6-acetic acid, is based on a detailed study of its high-resolution mass
      spectra, 1H and 13C-NMR spectra and its hydrolysis to yield D-glucose.

PMID- 3402450
TI  - Three-dimensional structure of acyl carrier protein in solution determined by
      nuclear magnetic resonance and the combined use of dynamical simulated annealing
      and distance geometry.
AB  - The solution conformation of acyl carrier protein from Escherichia coli (77
      residues) has been determined on the basis of 423 interproton-distance restraints
      and 32 hydrogen-bonding restraints derived from NMR measurements. A total of nine
      structures were computed using a hybrid approach combining metric matrix distance
      geometry and dynamic simulated annealing. The polypeptide fold is well defined
      with an average backbone atomic root-mean-square difference of 0.20 +/- 0.03 nm
      between the final nine converged structures and the mean structure obtained by
      averaging their coordinates. The principal structural motif is composed of three
      helices: 1 (residues 3-12), 2 (residues 37-47) and 4 (residues 65-75) which line
      a hydrophobic cavity. Helices 2 and 4 are approximately parallel to each other
      and anti-parallel at an angle of approximately equal to 150 degrees to helix 1.
      The smaller helix 3 (residues 56-63) is at an angle of approximately equal to 100
      degrees to helix 4.

PMID- 3402451
TI  - Physiological stresses inhibit guanine-nucleotide-exchange factor in Ehrlich
      cells.
AB  - Previously, we have shown that phosphorylation of the eukaryotic initiation
      factor eIF-2 alpha increases under several physiological stresses in which
      protein synthesis is inhibited in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. As phosphorylated
      eIF-2 [eIF-2(alpha P)] is a potent inhibitor of guanine nucleotide exchange
      factor (GEF), it seemed likely that it was responsible for the inhibition. We
      have assayed GEF activity levels in extracts prepared from Ehrlich cells exposed
      to three such stresses, namely heat shock, serum deprivation and glutamine
      deprivation. Activity was estimated by the ability of GEF to enhance the release
      of [alpha-32P]GDP from purified eIF-2 [a modification of the reticulocyte lysate
      assay of Matts, R. L. & London, I. M. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 6708]. GEF
      activity was reduced from control values in extracts of heat-shocked cells and
      serum-deprived cells, concomitant with increased eIF-2 alpha phosphorylation.
      Inhibition of GEF activity in heat-shocked and serum-deprived cells was reversed
      to control levels by increasing the concentration of purified eIF-2.GDP added as
      substrate in the GEF assay. Since we have shown elsewhere that eIF-2(alpha P).GDP
      inhibits GEF by competition with eIF-2.GDP, the complete reversal of inhibition
      of GEF activity in heat-shocked and serum-deprived cells indicates that
      inhibition is due solely to phosphorylation of eIF-2 alpha. In glutamine-deprived
      cells phosphorylation of eIF-2 alpha was increased modestly and GEF activity was
      reduced but GEF activity could not be fully reversed by addition of eIF-2.GDP,
      suggesting that GEF may also be regulated in other ways. There are greater
      amounts of GEF relative to eIF-2 in Ehrlich cells (approximately 50%) compared
      with rabbit reticulocytes (approximately 20%). This explains the efficient rates
      of protein synthesis in control Ehrlich cells even though they have 30% of their
      eIF-2 phosphorylated which is enough to inhibit GEF and initiation in
      reticulocytes completely but only enough to trap approximately 60% of the GEF in
      Ehrlich cells.

PMID- 3402452
TI  - Reductive cleavage and reformation of the interchain and intrachain disulfide
      bonds in the globular hexameric domain NC1 involved in network assembly of
      basement membrane collagen (type IV).
AB  - The formation of collagen IV dimers in the extracellular space requires the
      association of two C-terminal globular domains giving rise to a large hexameric
      structure NC1 (Mr = 170,000). NC1 hexamer was purified from collagenase digests
      of a mouse tumor and several human tissues. It was shown by electrophoresis to
      consist of two kinds of cross-linked, dimeric segments, Da and Db (Mr about
      50,000), and monomeric segments in a molar ratio of about 3:1. In the native
      hexamers free SH groups were detectable by N-[14C]ethylmaleimide and other
      sulfhydryl reagents. They account for 4-11% of the total number of cysteine
      residues with some variations between preparations from different sources and in
      the distribution between monomers and dimers. Reduction with 10 mM
      dithioerythritol under non-denaturing condition completely converted dimers into
      monomers and allowed the alkylation of all twelve cysteine residues present in
      each monomeric NC1 segment. A monomeric intermediate with four to six free SH
      groups and a higher electrophoretic mobility than the final product was observed.
      Generation of this intermediate from dimers Da and Db follows apparently
      different routes proceeding either directly or through a dimeric intermediate
      respectively. The time course of conversion is best described by a mechanism
      consisting of two (Db) or three (Da) consecutive steps with pseudo-first-order
      rate constants ranging from 0.14 ms-1 to 0.5 ms-1. Glutathione-catalyzed
      reoxidation of completely reduced NC1 in the presence of 2 M urea results in a
      product indistinguishable from native material by ultracentrifugation and
      electrophoresis pattern. The data suggest that in situ formation of NC1
      structures is catalyzed by a small fraction (5-10%) of intrinsic SH groups
      leading to the formation and stabilization of dimers by rearrangement of
      disulfide bonds.

PMID- 3402453
TI  - Production of specific monoclonal antibodies against the active sites of human
      pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor variants by in vitro immunization with
      synthetic peptides.
AB  - Specific monoclonal antibodies against the active sites of two genetically
      engineered pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (PSTI) variants (PSTI 0 and
      PSTI 4) were produced. The protease inhibitors PSTI 0 and PSTI 4 differ only by
      three amino acid substitution at their active sites. PSTI 0 inhibits trypsin,
      whereas PSTI 4 inhibits human granulocyte elastase and chymotrypsin. Immunization
      was performed in vitro with a synthetic heptapeptide that covers the mutated
      region of the protein. For this purpose in vitro culture conditions for the
      production of specific monoclonal antibodies against synthetic peptides were
      improved. The monoclonal antibodies obtained react specifically with the
      corresponding protease inhibitor variant. Competition experiments with trypsin
      and human elastase demonstrate that the protease displace the monoclonal antibody
      from the active site of PSTI 0 and PSTI 4 respectively.

PMID- 3402454
TI  - DNA primase activity found in an alpha-like DNA polymerase obtained from
      Halobacterium halobium.
AB  - An aphidicolin-sensitive DNA polymerase was purified from extracts of
      Halobacterium halobium. The analysis of this alpha-like DNA polymerase on
      polyacrylamide gels under denaturing conditions revealed two peptides with
      molecular masses of 70 kDa and 60 kDa in equal amounts. Like the DNA polymerase
      alpha isolated from eukaryotes, the alpha-like DNA polymerase possesses primase
      activity using UTP and polydeoxyadenylate as template. The primase activity was
      sensitive to aphidicolin and inhibited by an antiserum against the alpha-like DNA
      polymerase of H. halobium. The primase activity was dependent on the presence of
      high salt concentrations.

PMID- 3402455
TI  - Complex formation of human thrombospondin with osteonectin.
AB  - Human thrombospondin, a 450-kDa glycoprotein isolated from platelets and
      endothelial cells, specifically interacts with osteonectin, a protein of 30 kDa
      isolated from bovine bones and human platelets. Using ELISA, purified osteonectin
      binds to solid-phase-adsorbed thrombospondin with a dissociation constant (Kd) of
      0.7 nM. Binding of thrombospondin to solid-phase-adsorbed osteonectin was also
      observed (Kd = 0.86 nM). The interaction of thrombospondin with solid-phase
      adsorbed osteonectin was significantly decreased (81% inhibition) when using an
      excess of fluid-phase osteonectin. Thrombospondin-osteonectin complex formation
      was calcium-dependent as shown by a 50-80% inhibition in the presence of EDTA.
      None of the proteins known to interact with thrombospondin (fibrinogen,
      fibronectin, collagen, plasminogen) had a significant inhibitory effect on
      thrombospondin-osteonectin complex formation. This selective interaction was
      confirmed by affinity chromatography. Iodinated osteonectin, previously incubated
      with purified thrombospondin, specifically bound to an anti-thrombospondin
      monoclonal antibody (P10) linked to protein-A--Sepharose 4B. Elution of the anti
      thrombospondin antibody from protein A allowed the recovery of the thrombospondin
      osteonectin complex in the eluate, as judged by SDS/polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis and autoradiography. Blotting of purified thrombospondin to
      osteonectin adsorbed onto nitrocellulose further confirmed complex formation. In
      addition, when released from thrombin-stimulated platelets, thrombospondin and
      osteonectin bound to anti-thrombospondin IgG-coated plates indicating that
      osteonectin was complexed to thrombospondin once the platelet-release reaction
      has occurred.

PMID- 3402456
TI  - Assembly of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides in baby hamster kidney cells
      treated with castanospermine, an inhibitor of processing glucosidases.
AB  - We have shown previously that the processing of asparagine-linked
      oligosaccharides in baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells is blocked only partially by
      the glucosidase inhibitors, 1-deoxynojirimycin and N-methyl-1-deoxynojirimycin
      [Hughes, R. C., Foddy, L. & Bause, E. (1987) Biochem. J. 247, 537-544]. Similar
      results are now reported for castanospermine, another inhibitor of processing
      glucosidases, and a detailed study of oligosaccharide processing in the inhibited
      cells is reported. In steady-state conditions the major endo-H-released
      oligosaccharides contained glucose residues but non-glycosylated
      oligosaccharides, including Man9GlcNAc to Man5GlcNAc, were also present. To
      determine the processing sequences occurring in the presence of castanospermine,
      BHK cells were pulse-labelled for various times with [3H]mannose and the
      oligosaccharide intermediates, isolated by gel filtration and paper
      chromatography, characterized by acetolysis and sensitivity to jack bean alpha
      mannosidase. The data show that Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 is transferred to protein and
      undergoes processing to produce Glc3Man8GlcNAc2 and Glc3Man7GlcNAc2 as major
      species as well as a smaller amount of Man9GlcNAc2. Glucosidase-processed
      intermediates, Glc1Man8GlcNAc2 and Glc1Man7GlcNAc2, were also obtained as well as
      a Man7GlcNAc2 species derived from Glc1Man7GlcNAc2 and different from the
      Man7GlcNAc2 isomer formed in the usual processing pathway. No evidence for the
      direct transfer of non-glucosylated oligosaccharides to proteins was obtained and
      we conclude that the continued assembly of complex-type glycans in
      castanospermine-inhibited BHK cells results from residual activity of processing
      glucosidases.

PMID- 3402457
TI  - Localization of a 64-kDa phosphoprotein in the lumen between the outer and inner
      envelopes of pea chloroplasts.
AB  - The identification and localization of a marker protein for the intermembrane
      space between the outer and inner chloroplast envelopes is described. This 64-kDa
      protein is very rapidly labeled by [gamma-32P]ATP at very low (30 nM) ATP
      concentrations and the phosphoryl group exhibits a high turnover rate. It was
      possible to establish the presence of the 64-kDa protein in this plastid
      compartment by using different chloroplast envelope separation and isolation
      techniques. In addition comparison of labeling kinetics by intact and
      hypotonically lysed pea chloroplasts support the localization of the 64-kDa
      protein in the intermembrane space. The 64-kDa protein was present and could be
      labeled in mixed envelope membranes isolated from hypotonically lysed plastids.
      Mixed envelope membranes incorporated high amounts of 32P from [gamma-32P]ATP
      into the 64-kDa protein, whereas separated outer and inner envelope membranes did
      not show significant phosphorylation of this protein. Water/Triton X-114 phase
      partitioning demonstrated that the 64-kDa protein is a hydrophilic polypeptide.
      These findings suggest that the 64-kDa protein is a soluble protein trapped in
      the space between the inner and outer envelope membranes. After sonication of
      mixed envelope membranes, the 64-kDa protein was no longer present in the
      membrane fraction, but could be found in the supernatant after a 110,000 x g
      centrifugation.

PMID- 3402458
TI  - High-affinity binding of fungal beta-glucan fragments to soybean (Glycine max L.)
      microsomal fractions and protoplasts.
AB  - We have recently reported the existence of binding sites in soybean membranes for
      a beta-glucan fraction derived from the fungal pathogen Phytophthora megasperma
      f. sp. glycinea, which may play a role in the elicitor-mediated phytoalexin
      response of this plant [Schmidt, W. E. & Ebel, J. (1987) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci.
      USA 84, 4117-4121]. The specificity of beta-glucan binding to soybean membranes
      has now been investigated using a variety of competing polyglucans and
      oligoglucans of fungal origin. P. megasperma beta-glucan binding showed high
      apparent affinity for branched glucans with degrees of polymerization greater
      than 12. Binding affinity showed good correlation with elicitor activity as
      measured in a soybean cotyledon bioassay. Modification of the glucans at the
      reducing end with phenylalkylamine reagents had no effect on binding affinity.
      This characteristic was used to synthesize an oligoglucosyl tyramine derivative
      suitable for radioiodination. The 125I-glucan (15-30 Ci/mmol) provided higher
      sensitivity and lower detection limits for the binding assays while behaving in a
      manner identical to the [3H]glucan used previously. More accurate determinations
      of the Kd value for glucan binding indicated a higher affinity than previously
      shown (37 nM versus 200 nM). The 125I-glucan was used to provide the first
      reported evidence of specific binding of a fungal beta-glucan fraction in vivo to
      soybean protoplasts. The binding affinity to protoplasts proved identical to that
      found in microsomal fractions.

PMID- 3402459
TI  - 3-Methyladenine, an inhibitor of autophagy, has multiple effects on metabolism.
AB  - 3-Methyladenine is generally used as an inhibitor of autophagy [P. O. Seglen & P.
      B. Gordon (1982) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 79, 1889-1892]. Using isolated
      hepatocytes, we observed that 3-methyladenine has other effects as well. 1. 3
      Methyladenine promoted glycogen breakdown and inhibited flux through
      phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase. These effects proved to be unrelated to
      inhibition of autophagic proteolysis and were caused by cAMP, which slightly
      increased in the presence of 3-methyladenine. 2. Addition of 3-methyladenine to
      intact hepatocytes increased the intralysosomal pH and caused a lower density of
      the lysosomal population upon centrifugation in a Percoll density gradient. No
      increase in the intralysosomal pH was effected by 3-methyladenine in isolated
      lysosomes.

PMID- 3402460
TI  - Glycosylation of three molecular forms of human alpha 1-acid glycoprotein having
      different interactions with concanavalin A. Variations in the occurrence of di-,
      tri-, and tetraantennary glycans and the degree of sialylation.
AB  - Human alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) was separated into a non-bound (AGP-A;
      46%), a retarded (AGP-B; 39%) and a bound fraction (AGP-C; 15%) using
      concanavalin A (ConA)-Sepharose chromatography. The apparent molecular masses, as
      determined by SDS-PAGE, of the three fractions were 43.5, 42.3 and 41.2 kDa,
      respectively. The occurrence of N-linked di-, tri- and tetraantennary glycans on
      these three molecular forms (AGP-A, -B, and -C) was studied by sequential lectin
      affinity chromatography of the 14C-labelled glycopeptides. These were obtained by
      extensive pronase treatment followed by N-[14C]acetylation of the peptide
      moieties. The glycopeptides of AGP-A did not bind to ConA-Sepharose whereas for
      AGP-B and AGP-C 18% and 44%, respectively, of the glycopeptides were bound as
      diantennary structures. Glycopeptide fractions of all three forms of AGP which
      were not bound to ConA-Sepharose were shown to contain equal amounts of both tri-
      and tetraantennary glycans by chromatography with Phaseolus vulgaris
      leukoagglutinating lectin (L-PHA). With the assumption that each molecule
      contains five glycosylation sites, it could be shown that AGP-A contains no
      diantennary structures whereas AGP-B and AGP-C contain one and two diantennary
      structures, respectively. In addition each of the molecular forms contains equal
      amounts of tri- and tetraantennary structures on the remaining glycosylation
      sites. The results of this study, therefore, exclude a uniformity of glycan
      chains in the three molecular forms of AGP. The degree of sialylation of each of
      the molecular forms was investigated by chromatography on L-PHA-agarose and
      Ricinus communis agglutinin-I--agarose both before and after desialylation of the
      glycopeptides. It was shown that about 90% of the biantennary glycans of both AGP
      B and AGP-C were disialylated while the remainder were monosialylated. The degree
      of sialylation of the tri- and tetraantennary glycans was identical for the three
      molecular forms. In each case, one or more terminal galactose residues occurred
      on at least 20% of the tri- and 65% of the tetraantennary chains. It is suggested
      that the decrease in the exposure of galactose residues from AGP-A to AGP-C is
      related to the concomittant decrease in branching of the glycans of the three
      molecular forms. The relevance of these findings to studies on the function of
      AGP during inflammatory and liver diseases is discussed.

PMID- 3402461
TI  - Multiple comparison of several antiarrhythmic agents by acute oral drug testing
      in patients with chronic ventricular arrhythmias.
AB  - This study addresses the question of the choice of treatment for the individual
      patient with chronic ventricular arrhythmias. Acute oral drug testing offers a
      pragmatic approach to the rapid selection of the drug with the best efficacy/side
      effect ratio by allowing multiple comparisons within the same patient. Forty
      patients with chronic ventricular arrhythmias received a single oral dose of the
      following antiarrhythmic drugs: flecainide 200 mg, propafenone 450 mg,
      disopyramide 300 mg, mexiletine 400 mg, tocainide 800 mg, verapamil 160 mg,
      propranolol 120 mg. Criteria for efficacy were suppression of complex ventricular
      arrhythmias and a greater than 90% reduction in premature ventricular beats
      lasting for at least 2 h. An antiarrhythmic effect was achieved with each of the
      drugs in the following percentages of patients: flecainide 69.4%, propafenone
      67.5%, disopyramide 54.8%, mexiletine 45.2%, tocainide 31.3%, verapamil 31.3%,
      propranolol 12.5%. In no case was worsening of arrhythmia observed. At the end of
      the acute testing phase, the drug that had proved most effective in each patient
      was administered at a full dosage for 72 h. A concordant response between the two
      phases was observed in 80% of patients and was as high as 89% when the analysis
      was limited to flecainide and propafenone. This study shows the feasibility and
      practical advantages for patient management of a multiple comparison of
      antiarrhythmic drugs by acute oral drug testing. It also provides, in a non
      invasive cost-effective manner, unique insights into the complex relationship
      between drug characteristics, individual responses and clinical efficacy.

PMID- 3402463
TI  - The contribution of ventricular tachyarrhythmias to the genesis of cardiac pain
      during transient myocardial ischaemia in patients with variant angina.
AB  - The 24-h ambulatory electrocardiograms of 15 patients with both variant angina
      and ischaemia-related arrhythmias were analyzed to correlate cardiac pain with
      the following variables: site, type, duration and magnitude of ECG changes,
      presence and type of arrhythmias and time of occurrence of ischaemic attacks
      during the 24-h. Apart from sublingual nitrate therapy, Holter monitoring was
      performed in the Coronary Care Unit (CCU), in the drug-free state in all
      patients. During a total of 79 days of monitoring, patients had 1385 ischaemic
      episodes, of which only 30% were painful. The site of ischaemia did not predict
      the occurrence of pain. Pain was more frequently associated with ST-segment
      elevation, longer ischaemic duration, increased time to peak ECG change, and
      greater ST-segment shift and arrhythmias. When the 259 attacks in association
      with ventricular arrhythmias were compared to the arrhythmia-free episodes, they
      were more frequently painful for the same duration and magnitude of ECG ischaemic
      changes. Furthermore, the complexity of arrhythmias increased the probability of
      cardiac pain. Most ischaemic episodes occurred at night and a decrease in the
      frequency of painful episodes (apart from those associated with arrhythmias) was
      apparent. Thus, in addition to electrocardiographic severity and duration of
      ischaemia, the presence of ventricular arrhythmias and the time of occurrence
      seem to influence pain perception during ischaemia.

PMID- 3402464
TI  - Clinical cardiac electrophysiologic evaluation of the positive inotropic agent,
      DPI 201-106.
AB  - DPI201-106 is a new positive inotropic agent. The cardiac electrophysiology of 16
      patients was studied before and during DPI 201-106 administration (loading dose
      of intravenous DPI 201-106, 1.8 mg kg-1 h-1 administered over 10 min, followed by
      a maintenance dose of 0.2 mg kg-1 h-1). DPI 201-106 had no effect on the sinus
      node. The AH interval during fixed-rate atrial pacing became prolonged during DPI
      201-106 infusion. There was a significant prolongation of the QT interval [QT
      (corrected), 417 +/- 22 to 502 +/- 35 ms, P less than 0.05; QT (atrial pacing at
      600 ms), 374 +/- 17 to 419 +/- 23 ms, P less than 0.05; QT (ventricular pacing at
      600 ms), 409 +/- 37 to 449 +/- 30 ms, P less than 0.05]. The ventricular
      effective refractory period significantly prolonged during DPI 201-106
      administration (242 +/- 21 to 287 +/- 56 ms, P less than 0.05), but the
      supernormal-period duration decreased. The atrial effective refractory period was
      shortened in four patients and prolonged in one (261 +/- 67 to 240 +/- 53 ms,
      NS). The corrected atrial repolarization time (PTac) shortened significantly
      during DPI 210-106 infusion (479 +/- 26 to 445 +/- 22 ms at 20 min of the
      maintenance dose, P less than 0.05). Atrial fibrillation was initiated in five
      patients during DPI infusion, but no ventricular arrhythmia was provoked. These
      findings suggest that DPI 201-106 has novel differential electrophysiological
      effects on atria and ventricles.

PMID- 3402462
TI  - Atrial electrophysiologic properties of patients with asymptomatic Wolff
      Parkinson-White syndrome.
AB  - To evaluate the existence of a peculiar atrial electrophysiologic substrate, we
      studied 18 patients with asymptomatic Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome. These
      patients were compared with 10 age-matched normal subjects (N). Effective and
      functional refractory periods were determined at two right atrial sites (high and
      low in the lateral wall), during atrial pacing (100 min-1) and at twice diastolic
      threshold. Disperson (D) of effective (ERP) and functional (FRP) refractoriness
      was evaluated as the difference between refractory periods at the two atrial
      sites. WPW patients showed significantly lower mean values of effective and
      functional refractoriness at both atrial sites and significantly higher mean
      values of D-ERP and D-FRP. Moreover, in calculating the highest normal values of
      D-ERP and D-FRP (as mean values of N plus 2SD) it was observed that WPW with
      abnormal values of D showed a statistically (chi 2 test) higher incidence (100%)
      of induced atrial fibrillation (AF). These findings indicate the existence of
      both an abnormal atrial electrophysiologic substrate and of a higher
      vulnerability in WPW. Finally, AF was induced generally at the site with the
      lower refractoriness (i.e. low lateral site). This should be taken into account
      when considering how atrial fibrillation can be induced more easily.

PMID- 3402465
TI  - Haemodynamic effects of DPI 201-106, following single intravenous dose
      administration to patients with moderate cardiac failure.
AB  - DPI 201-106 is a novel compound unrelated to other cardioactive agents and has
      been shown to have an inotropic effect in animal preparations. The drug was given
      by intravenous infusion (20 mg over 10 min) to 10 patients with moderate cardiac
      failure and the haemodynamic effects measured at intervals up to 1 h following
      infusion. Maximal effects were seen immediately following the infusion of DPI 201
      106. Cardiac index showed an increase from baseline 2.72 (0.16) 1 min-1 m-2 to
      3.18 (0.21) 1 min-1 m-2 at the end of infusion (P less than 0.001). Subsequent
      values were not significantly raised. Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and
      pulmonary artery pressure fell from 27.6 (3.2) and 36.9 (4.4) to 15.3 (3.6) and
      24.2 (4.9) mmHg, respectively (P less than 0.001 in both cases). A statistically
      significant effect on cardiac index was not seen at 1 h. However, pulmonary
      pressures remained reduced at this point. Radionuclide ejection fraction showed a
      significant increase from 15.4 (1.5) to 21.9 (2.2)% (P less than 0.005) at the
      end of infusion, and maintained a significant increase at 1 h. Having
      demonstrated beneficial, acute haemodynamic effects in this study, further work
      should be undertaken with DPI 201-106 to investigate the effect of chronic
      treatment in patients with cardiac failure.

PMID- 3402466
TI  - Comparison of acute haemodynamic effects of dopexamine hydrochloride, dobutamine
      and sodium nitroprusside in chronic heart failure.
AB  - Dopexamine hydrochloride (Dopacard) is a new synthetic catecholamine compound,
      which possesses potent beta 2-adrenergic and DA1-dopaminergic agonistic
      properties. It is free of alpha-adrenergic activity, has no beta 1-adrenergic
      activity and is less potent at DA2-dopaminergic receptors than dopamine. In the
      present study the acute haemodynamic effects of dopexamine hydrochloride were
      compared to those of dobutamine and nitroprusside in 12 patients with idiopathic
      congestive cardiomyopathy in an open crossover study. With dopexamine
      hydrochloride, there were dose-dependent increases from control in cardiac output
      and stroke volume, decreases in blood pressure, right and left atrial pressure,
      systemic vascular resistance and pulmonary vascular resistance and little change
      in heart rate. Similar effects were seen with nitroprusside, apart from a marked
      increase in heart rate, and with dobutamine, except that systolic aortic blood
      pressure increased and there was no change in diastolic or mean pressure or
      pulmonary artery systolic pressure. In general, dopexamine hydrochloride produced
      effects between those produced by the other two treatments. This suggests that
      dopexamine with its combined vasodilator and inotropic action has a desirable
      cardiovascular profile with advantages over the beta 1-receptor agonist
      dobutamine and the pure vasodilator sodium nitroprusside.

PMID- 3402467
TI  - Effects of surgical versus medical treatment on long-term prognosis in angina at
      rest: an observational non-randomized study of 400 patients.
AB  - The effect of surgical versus medical treatment on long-term prognosis in angina
      at rest was assessed using the Cox regression model for survival analysis in 400
      patients complaining of recurrent episodes of resting chest pain associated with
      transient repolarization changes. The surgical group included 185 patients, and
      the medical group 215. Surgically treated patients more frequently had two- and
      three-vessel disease, while single-vessel disease prevailed in medically treated
      patients (P less than 0.01). No difference between the two groups was found in
      mean values of left ventricular end diastolic pressure and ejection fraction.
      Three variables were identified as independent predictors of prognosis in all
      patients: left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (P less than 0.001), age
      greater than 45 years (P less than 0.05), and number of diseased vessels (P less
      than 0.05). Treatment modality did not result in different long-term survival in
      the entire population. However, patients with three-vessel disease had a better
      outcome with surgical than with medical therapy (P less than 0.05). Although our
      conclusions must be tempered by consideration of the limitations of non
      randomized studies, these results show that surgical treatment may improve
      survival in patients with angina at rest and three-vessel disease.

PMID- 3402468
TI  - Evaluation of right ventricular volumes measured by magnetic resonance imaging.
AB  - Right ventricular volumes were determined in 12 patients with different levels of
      right and left ventricular function by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using an
      ECG gated multisection technique in planes perpendicular to the diastolic
      position of the interventricular septum. Right ventricular stroke volume was
      calculated as the difference between end-diastolic and end-systolic volume and
      compared to left ventricular stroke volume and to stroke volume determined
      simultaneously by a classical indicator dilution technique. There was good
      agreement between right ventricular stroke volume determined by MRI and by the
      indicator dilution method and between right and left ventricular stroke volume
      determined by MRI. Thus, MRI gives reliable values not only for left ventricular
      volumes, but also for right ventricular volumes. By MRI it is possible to obtain
      volumes from both ventricles simultaneously in a noninvasive way and without
      exposing the patient to radiation.

PMID- 3402469
TI  - Acute right ventricular infarction secondary to massive pulmonary embolism.
AB  - Isolated right ventricular infarction has been found in cases of right
      ventricular hypertrophy, but there are no reports on right ventricular infarction
      secondary to massive pulmonary embolism. Six autopsied patients with massive
      pulmonary embolism and pure right ventricular infarction, suspected to be
      secondary to the embolism, were selected from a population of 216 autopsies.
      Pulmonary embolism was the suspected diagnosis in five cases due to typical
      clinical, electrocardiographic and haemodynamic data. Right ventricular
      infarction was a post-mortem finding, not previously diagnosed. In every case the
      thickness of the right ventricular myocardium was normal. The necrosis of the
      right ventricle was transmural in four cases and subendocardial in two and the
      entire right ventricular wall (anterolateral as well as posterior) was involved.
      No mural thrombi were present and in no case did the necrosis involve the left
      ventricle. In one case the coronary arteries were normal, in the other five
      significant lesions of the right or left coronary arteries were observed. These
      lesions may have been, in part, responsible for the necrosis of the right
      ventricle when the massive pulmonary embolism was added. We conclude that right
      ventricular infarction may be secondary to pulmonary hypertension in the setting
      of massive pulmonary embolism, even in the absence of right ventricular
      hypertrophy and with normal or stenotic coronary arteries.

PMID- 3402470
TI  - Effects of simvastatin on plasma lipid, lipoprotein and apolipoprotein
      concentrations in hypercholesterolaemia.
AB  - The effect of 24 weeks of treatment with simvastatin, a new HMG coenzyme A
      reductase inhibitor (dosages of 20 and 40 mg day-1) on serum lipid, lipoprotein
      and apolipoprotein A-I and B concentrations as well as safety parameters and
      subjective side effects were studied in 11 patients with familial (FH) and 10
      patients with polygenic hypercholesterolaemia (P-HC). The effects on plasma
      lipoprotein and apolipoprotein concentrations had already been achieved after
      four weeks in both groups and then remained during the study. In FH, mean fasting
      plasma total cholesterol concentration decreased from 10.51 to 6.71 mmol l-1
      (36%), and in P-HC from 6.55 to 4.54 mmol l-1 (31%) at 24 weeks (P less than
      0.001). Mean plasma low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentrations also
      decreased, in FH from 8.87 to 5.05 mmol l-1 (43%) and in P-HC from 4.97 to 3.12
      mmol l-1 (37%) at 24 weeks (P less than 0.001). Furthermore, apolipoprotein B
      concentrations decreased significantly from 2.21 to 1.57 g l-1 (29%) (less than
      0.001) in FH and from 1.53 to 1.09 g l-1 (29%) (P less than 0.01) in P-HC. Plasma
      high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol increased in both FH and P-HC during
      treatment. Increases were seen in both the subfractions HDL2 and HDL3.
      Simvastatin was well tolerated. No serious clinical or laboratory adverse effects
      were observed. It is concluded that 24 weeks of treatment with simvastatin in
      doses up to 40 mg day-1 effectively reduces plasma total and LDL cholesterol
      concentrations without causing subjective or significant objective side effects.
      Thus, simvastatin may be of great interest in future studies for prevention of
      coronary heart disease due to hypercholesterolaemia.

PMID- 3402471
TI  - Changes in transmitral flow velocity pattern with diuretic therapy.

PMID- 3402472
TI  - Cardiac fibroma with tumor involvement of the mitral valve: diagnosis by cross
      sectional echocardiography.
AB  - The clinical, cross-sectional echocardiographic, haemodynamic, and angiographic
      features of a case of cardiac fibroma in a newborn with unexplained pulmonary
      hypertension, and direct tumor involvement of the posterior leaflet of the mitral
      valve, are presented. The role of echocardiography in the pre-operative
      evaluation of cardiac tumors is discussed.

PMID- 3402474
TI  - The recognition and management of hyperlipidaemia in adults: A policy statement
      of the European Atherosclerosis Society.
AB  - The control of coronary heart disease (CHD) depends primarily on its prevention
      at an early stage. It is generally agreed that this depends upon the elimination
      or treatment of the known risk factors for CHD. Among these, hyperlipidaemia
      occupies a central position. The diagnosis and treatment of this condition is the
      subject of this statement. Before initiating therapy for primary hyperlipidaemia
      the common causes of secondary hyperlipidaemia are sought and dealt with,
      including diabetes, hypothyroidism, over-use of alcohol, renal and liver diseases
      and certain drugs. Next, an assessment of all risk factors for CHD is carried
      out, i.e. family history of CHD, smoking, hypertension, high density lipoprotein
      (HDL) cholesterol measurement, diabetes mellitus and overweight. More intensive
      therapy is called for in patients with multiple risk factors than in those with
      lone hyperlipidaemia, and also after successful bypass operation or after
      coronary angioplasty. Evaluation of hyperlipidaemia in the patient's family is
      often appropriate. The diagnosis and follow-up of the hyperlipidaemic patient
      depend on reliable and well-controlled laboratory support. The primary
      hyperlipidaemias include several distinct diseases that are characterized by
      elevated serum levels of cholesterol and/or triglyceride with or without
      abnormally low levels of HDL cholesterol. From these measurements, low-density
      lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels are calculated [except when triglyceride
      levels are greater than 500 mg dl-1 (5.6 mmol l-1)]. Elevated LDL levels are
      causally important in atherosclerosis, and occur in three disorders: familial
      hypercholesterolaemia, familial combined hyperlipidaemia and common
      hypercholesterolaemia. The finding of elevated serum triglyceride without marked
      hypercholesterolaemia may occur in familial hypertriglyceridaemia and sometimes
      in familial combined hyperlipidaemia. Elevation of serum cholesterol and
      triglyceride can have several genetic bases, including remnant (type III)
      hyperlipidaemia and familial combined hyperlipidaemia. The characteristic feature
      of remnant (type III) hyperlipidaemia (demonstrated by ultracentrifugation in a
      specialized laboratory) is the presence of cholesterol and triglyceride-rich very
      low density lipoproteins (VLDL), whereas combined (mixed) hyperlipidaemia is
      diagnosed when both VLDL (of normal composition) and LDL levels are elevated.
      Investigation of other family members is necessary to make the diagnosis of
      familial combined hyperlipidaemia. It depends on the identification of different
      lipoprotein profiles in affected members of the same family.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3402475
TI  - Symposium on aortic stenosis in adults: new trends. Working Group of the European
      Society of Cardiology on the Evaluation of Prosthetic Valves. 22-23 May 1987,
      Paris. Proceedings.

PMID- 3402473
TI  - Post-radiotherapeutic left main coronary ostial stenosis: clinical and
      histological study.
AB  - Pericardial abnormalities remain the most common manifestation of radiation
      induced cardiac disease, but coronary artery lesions are not rare. In this report
      we describe a left coronary ostial stenosis which appeared five years after
      mediastinal irradiation for breast carcinoma in a 50-year-old woman. The patient
      underwent coronary angiography. A pressure drop was observed as the left catheter
      tip engaged the left coronary ostium; so, only nonselective coronary
      opacifications were performed showing an isolated, marked narrowing of the left
      coronary ostia. During surgery, a circumferential aortotomy allowed the
      examination of the left coronary ostium which appeared severely stenosed. The
      coronary tree was otherwise normal. A termino-terminal saphenous vein graft was
      anastomosed on the left stem and its proximal part was implanted on the ascending
      aorta. The coronary ostium and the proximal part of the left main stem were
      excised and the macroscopic examination of the proximal part of the left coronary
      artery confirmed the diagnosis of severe ostial stenosis. Microscopic examination
      of the coronary ostium showed a severe intimal thickening without any evident
      lesion of the media. This intimal thickening consisted of fibrous tissue without
      extracellular lipid deposit. Microscopic examination of the aorta near the
      coronary ostium also demonstrated an intimal thickening without any lesion of the
      media. Coronary ostial stenosis appears to be a rare lesion; its incidence has
      varied between 0.13 and 2.7% in angiographic studies and there is co-existing
      disease in multiple coronary vessels in the majority of cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3402476
TI  - Calcified aortic stenosis: operative risk.
AB  - Surgery of the aortic valve due to calcified aortic stenosis has been a well
      known procedure for many years. Continuous clinical improvement after isolated
      aortic valve replacement can be documented in the majority of patients followed
      up for several years. Surgery of this type in association with other procedures
      (coronary artery bypass, mitral valve replacement, etc.) has become more and more
      common. For this reason we have analysed the operative risk of a group of
      patients with calcified aortic stenosis that were operated on at La Pitie
      Hospital from 1980 to 1984.

PMID- 3402477
TI  - Valvular replacement for aortic stenosis in patients over 70 years: immediate
      risk and long-term results (from a consecutive series of 355 patients).
AB  - From 1971 to 1985, 355 patients over 70 years of age (mean age 73.7) underwent
      isolated aortic valve replacement, most of them for pure calcified stenosis
      (78.6%). Mechanical valves (group A) were used in 112 cases (109 Bjork-Shiley; 3
      SJM) and bioprostheses (group B) exclusively implanted since 1981 (192 Edwards
      Carpentier; 51 Ionescu-Shiley). Thirty-six patients died post-operatively
      (10.1%). 36% of the deaths were related to cardiac causes, and 14% to cerebral
      damage. The follow-up involved 100% of the 319 survivors and spanned 12 years (1
      month to 11.8 years), with an average of 3.2 years. The follow-up was almost
      equally distributed between groups A and B: 474 and 453 patient-years,
      respectively. Sixty late deaths (18.8%) occurred: 26.7% of them related to
      cardiac causes, and 20% to cerebral accidents. Twenty-nine cases were in group A
      (6.1% patient-years), and 31 in group B (5.7% patient-years). Acturial analysis
      shows that, at five years, 94.1% of patients in group A and 96% in group B were
      free of valve-related complications, and that 88.9% in group A and 89% in group B
      were free of valve-related non-lethal complications. Actuarial calculation of
      survival rates shows that, at five years, the probability of survival was 70.8%
      for the entire series, including the operative deaths. This curve of survival is
      similar to that of the normal population of the same age. Moreover, the
      functional status is dramatically improved by surgery: 99.6% of patients are in
      the NYHA classes I or II.

PMID- 3402478
TI  - Influence of aortic valve replacement on sudden death in patients with pure
      aortic stenosis.

PMID- 3402479
TI  - The anatomical aspects of adult aortic stenosis.
AB  - Since the recent introduction of percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty, there has
      been a renewed interest in anatomical studies. This study was based on a
      retrospective analysis of 100 autopsy reports and 269 surgical reports from adult
      patients with AS. Valvular calcification, which was always found over the age of
      50 years, plays an important part in the origin of aortic stenosis (AS).
      Congenital or acquired aortic valvular lesions are a common pre-condition for
      calcified AS. Three anatomical types were found: (i) calcified bicuspid valves
      with anterior and posterior cusps (more frequent than a left and a right cusp)
      were found in 41% of autopsy reports and 40% of surgical reports. The resultant
      rigidity due to calcification makes the valve stenotic; (ii) post rheumatic
      calcified AS with strong fusion of the commissures and calcified cusps was found
      in 30% of autopsy reports and 8% of surgery reports; and (iii) degenerative
      calcific aortic stenosis was the most frequent form found over 70 years of age.
      The sinuses of Valsalva were filled with calcium deposits. The three commissures
      were apparently free, but cusp fusion was found on the ventricular aspect of the
      valve (29% of autopsy cases and 52% of surgical reports). Percutaneous balloon
      valvuloplasty is more efficient in this anatomical type.

PMID- 3402480
TI  - Congenital valvular aortic stenosis in adults.
AB  - Based on a study of 20 patients operated on between the ages of 21 and 38 for
      congenital valvular aortic stenosis, the distinguishing features of congenital
      aortic valvular stenosis in adults are reviewed: valvular calcification (75%),
      valvular dome rarely present (10%), usually moderate cardiac disability (70%),
      diminished or inaudible second heart sound (50%), associated diastolic murmur
      (75%), electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy (70%), and an infrequent
      protosystolic click (30%). Surgery is necessary for symptomatic patients. If
      patients are asymptomatic, surgery is decided after measuring the left ventricle
      aortic pressure gradient by continuous Doppler wave study, or by cardiac
      catheterization. If surgery is not performed, a regular follow-up is necessary
      because stenosis can evolve. Valvular replacement by a mechanical valve is
      preferable. Even if the aortic valve is not calcified and a simple commissurotomy
      is technically possible, it is only a palliative method with unsatisfactory
      results and an annual mortality rate after surgery of 1%.

PMID- 3402481
TI  - Infective endocarditis on stenotic aortic valves.
AB  - Charts were reviewed of 42 adult patients (27 men, 15 women, mean age 55 years,
      with 17 older than 60) hospitalized and/or autopsied between 1970 and 1986 with
      diagnosis of definite or highly probable infective endocarditis (IE) on pure
      aortic stenosis (AS). Ring and/or septal abscesses were found in 18/37 patients
      who were operated upon and/or autopsied. IE was recognized in 32 patients,
      undiagnosed in 10 (revealed at autopsy in seven, at operation in three).
      Infecting organisms were identified in 26 patients (Str. viridans, 16; Str. D,
      three; Staphylo., four; other, three). Twenty-seven patients were treated in our
      institution, 14 of them more than four weeks after the beginning of the symptoms.
      Echocardiograms were recorded in 17, with vegetations in only six. Severe cardiac
      failure was present in 17 cases. One patient was lost to follow-up. Fourteen
      patients died (mean delay between IE and death 22.4 months): eight of the 13 non
      operated patients (cardiac failure, four; myocardial infarction, two;
      neurological complications, two) and six of the 14 operated patients (peri
      operative death, four; late sudden death, two). Twelve patients are alive (mean
      follow-up 51.6 months), eight of them in NYHA class 1. IE on pure AS is rare,
      difficult to recognize echocardiographically, and of poor prognosis. It usually
      requires rapid aortic valve replacement.

PMID- 3402483
TI  - Clinical, haemodynamic and angiographic predictors of survival in unoperated
      patients with aortic stenosis. The VA Cooperative Study on Valvular Heart
      Disease.
AB  - One hundred baseline characteristics obtained at the time of diagnostic
      catheterization were examined for their prognostic value in 106 patients with
      unoperated aortic stenosis entered into the VA Cooperative Study on Valvular
      Heart Disease. A stepwise series of univariate and multivariate survival analyses
      were used to identify the independently significant prognostic indicators.
      Measures of the severity of valve stenosis, presence of coronary artery disease,
      and congestive heart failure are the important indicators of survival in
      unoperated aortic stenosis.

PMID- 3402482
TI  - Clinical findings in adult aortic stenosis--then and now.
AB  - A retrospective review of 397 patients with valvular aortic stenosis emphasized
      the changing pattern of this lesion. Compared with the classical criteria for
      diagnosis of aortic stenosis established a few decades ago, patients were
      considerably older, mostly showing the degenerative form of this lesion. Among
      abnormal findings, the most important difference is the lower intensity of the
      systolic murmur and wider pulse pressure than in the original 'model'.

PMID- 3402484
TI  - Mitral calcification in aortic stenosis.
AB  - To appreciate the incidence, the promoting factors and the consequences of mitral
      calcification in aortic stenosis (AS), the data from 675 patients operated on for
      AS were reviewed. Mitral calcification was revealed by fluoroscopy,
      echocardiography and/or surgery. Mitral annular calcification (MAC) was observed
      in 169 patients (25%). In patients with MAC, females were more frequent (42.3 vs.
      17.9%, P less than 0.0001), age was greater (64 vs. 58 years, P less than 10(
      7)), AS was more severe (0.6 vs. 0.7 cm2, P less than 0.002), and LV walls were
      thicker (interventricular septum 13.5 vs. 12 mm, P less than 0.0003 posterior
      wall 12.8 vs. 11.9 mm, P less than 0.004). First-degree AV block was more
      frequent in patients with MAC but did not lead to more frequent pacemaker
      implantation. Mitral anterior leaflet calcification was noted in 215 patients
      (31.8%). When massive, it created mitral stenosis which, in one case, required
      later mitral replacement. Five- and ten-year actuarial survival rates were not
      different in patients with or without mitral calcification. We conclude that
      mitral calcification is frequent in AS. Promoting factors for MAC are age,
      severity of AS, and female gender.

PMID- 3402486
TI  - The Second United Kingdom Workshop in Aviation Cardiology. 7-9 May 1987, Kent.
      Proceedings.

PMID- 3402485
TI  - Adaptation of the left ventricular function parameters to dynamic exercise in
      aortic stenosis.
AB  - The left ventricular volumes, the left ventricular ejection fraction, the stroke
      volume index and the cardiac index were non-invasively determined in 47 patients
      suffering from moderate to severe pure aortic stenosis using radionuclide
      angiography at rest and at peak supine exercise. Each patient was previously
      submitted to right and left heart catheterization and to selective coronary
      angiography. The left ventricular ejection fraction decreased significantly
      during exercise (0.62 +/- 0.09 to 0.59 +/- 0.09, P less than 0.01). End-systolic
      volume, end-diastolic volume, stroke volume index and cardiac index increased
      significantly. The stroke volume variations were linked to the end-diastolic
      volume variations by a strong relationship (r = 0.84, P less than 0.001) and to
      left ventricular mass by a weak, but significant, inverse relationship (r = 
      0.42, P less than 0.05). No relation existed between stroke volume index
      variations and any other variables, particularly systolic gradient, aortic valve
      area and resting left ventricular ejection fraction. The results suggest that, in
      aortic stenosis, the adaptation of the left ventricular pump function during
      exercise is mostly dependent upon the diastolic properties of the left
      ventricular wall and is limited by the progression of left ventricular
      hypertrophy, i.e. diastolic stiffness. By contrast, the role of the basal
      systolic pump function and of the severity of the valvular obstruction seems of
      limited importance.

PMID- 3402487
TI  - A risk orientated approach to the problems of cardiovascular certification in
      aircrew: summary of principal conclusions of the Second U.K. Workshop in Aviation
      Cardiology.

PMID- 3402488
TI  - Arrhythmias and antiarrhythmic therapy. Introduction.

PMID- 3402490
TI  - Pulmonary embolism, valvular heart disease, restrictive and obliterative
      cardiomyopathy and pericarditis. Introduction.

PMID- 3402489
TI  - Acceptable cardiovascular risk in aircrew. The concept of risk.

PMID- 3402491
TI  - In perspective--the safety of aircraft, pilots and their hearts.

PMID- 3402492
TI  - Pilot incapacitation and aircraft accidents.

PMID- 3402493
TI  - Prediction of men at high risk of heart attack and its relevance to pilots.
AB  - In this paper we have extrapolated from data on the general population of middle
      aged men and made suggestions for risk prediction and prevention policy in
      aircrew. As suggested previously, it would be helpful in future if data on the
      risk of heart attack in pilots could be generated from a central recording system
      covering both current pilots and those who retire for whatever reason. Indefinite
      follow-up information on ischaemic events would also be particularly helpful.

PMID- 3402495
TI  - Hypertension and peripheral vascular disease in aircrew. Introduction.

PMID- 3402494
TI  - How actuaries and underwriters look at risk.

PMID- 3402496
TI  - The management of hypertension in aircrew.

PMID- 3402497
TI  - Ischaemic heart disease. Introduction.

PMID- 3402498
TI  - Prevention of cardiovascular disease in airmen.

PMID- 3402499
TI  - Acceptable cardiovascular risk in aircrew. Introduction.

PMID- 3402500
TI  - Comparison between vertical parallel hole collimator and 30 degrees rotating
      slant hole collimator for assessing global and regional left ventricular function
      by radionuclide angiography.
AB  - Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and regional wall motion abnormalities
      were determined in 40 patients (30 with coronary artery disease and 10 with
      valvular heart disease) using equilibrium radionuclide angiography. Scintigraphic
      acquisitions were collected in random order with 2 different collimators as
      follows: in anterior face (AF), left anterior oblique (25 degrees-45 degrees LAO)
      and 70 degrees LAO, with a vertical parallel hole collimator (VTC), and in 25
      degrees-45 degrees LAO and 65 degrees-80 degrees LAO with a 30 degrees rotating
      slant hole collimator (RSHC), with the slant of the collimator directed towards
      the cardiac apex in both projections. Results were compared to contrast
      ventriculography (CV) performed in the 30 degrees right anterior view (3
      segments: anterior, apical, inferior) and in a 60 degrees left anterior oblique
      view (3 segments: septal, apical and lateral). Radionuclide LVEF in both series
      was closely correlated with contrast ventriculographic LVEF (r = 0.89, VTC vs CV
      and r = 0.87, RSHC vs CV, respectively). Regional wall motion analysis was only
      performed among the 30 patients suffering from coronary heart disease. Eight
      contrast angiographic studies were normal and 22 abnormal. Global sensitivity and
      specificity were 100% and 63% with the VTC (3 false positives) and 91% and 87%
      with the 30 degrees RSHC (2 false negatives and 1 false positive, P = ns).
      Agreement for the localisation of the regional wall motion abnormalities between
      CV and radionuclide angiography was 70.6% with the VTC and 71.2% with the RSHC (P
      = ns).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3402502
TI  - Esophageal scintigraphy: applications and limitations in the study of esophageal
      disorders.
AB  - This study examines the scintigraphic transit pattern in a variety of esophageal
      disorders. Scintigraphy was performed with a semi solid bolus and the patient in
      an upright position. Condensed esophageal images were obtained from which we
      derived the esophageal transit time. The pattern of bolus transit was graded by
      the duration of transit and by the presence of hold up or retrograde motion.
      Scintigrams were performed in 11 volunteers and 88 patients whose esophageal
      function had been confirmed by conventional gastroesophageal techniques.
      Esophageal disorders examined included achalasia (20), scleroderma (9),
      esophageal carcinoma (8), Barrett esophagus (5), and reflux esophagitis (27). We
      also examined the effects of gastroesophageal surgery on esophageal function.
      Transit times distinguished grossly abnormal esophageal function from normal but
      did not distinguish between different esophageal disorders. Graded transit
      patterns were a more sensitive indicator of esophageal function and permitted
      some differentiation between esophageal disorders and allowed evaluation of the
      effects of gastroesophageal surgery.

PMID- 3402501
TI  - Radionuclide detection of mild valvular regurgitation: its significance as
      assessed by Doppler sonography.
AB  - Radionuclide ventriculography (RNV) indices of regurgitation, Fourier amplitude
      ratio (FAR) and additional RNV variables were prospectively compared to Doppler
      echocardiography (DE) in 108 consecutive patients with no or mild left
      ventricular regurgitation, to assess RNV accuracy in detecting regurgitation in
      patients with different cardiac disorders. Exclusion of left ventricular or
      tricuspid regurgitation allowed investigation of the FAR range at rest and during
      exercise in a sufficiently large appropriate reference group without
      regurgitation. FAR, as well as other RNV variables, failed to provide more
      information for the diagnosis of mild (clinically irrelevant) left ventricular
      regurgitation than the diagnosis upon admission alone. Despite the superiority of
      DE as a gold standard in the detection of mild regurgitation, at present
      evaluation of RNV regurgitation indices might be the only method to discover
      regurgitation arising during dynamic exercise.

PMID- 3402503
TI  - Evaluation of common bile duct stenosis in chronic pancreatitis using
      cholescintigraphy.
AB  - To evaluate a stenotic change of the common bile duct (CBD) in chronic
      pancreatitis (CP), cholescintigraphy with 99mTc-N-pyridoxyl-5-methyltryptophan
      (PMT) was performed in 28 patients with CP and 15 normal subjects. The patients
      were divided into 3 groups on the basis of their endoscopic retrograde
      cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) findings: minimal CP (MIP; n = 14), moderate CP
      (MOP; n = 10), and advanced CP (ADP; n = 4). After intravenous injection of 5 mCi
      99mTc-PMT, digital images were obtained and time activity curves of the ROIs
      (liver, hepatic duct, gallbladder, and duodenum) were generated. No radioactivity
      was seen in the duodenum within 1 hour in 12 of 28 (43%) with CP and 2 of 15
      (13%) normals. Reflux to the hepatic duct after cerulein injection was found in 6
      of 20 (30%) examined patients with CP and more frequently in ADP, whereas there
      was no reflux in MIP and normals. When the finding of reflux in cholescintigraphy
      was interpreted as positive for CBD stenosis, the sensitivity, specificity, and
      accuracy were 100%, 88%, and 90%, respectively. We conclude that reflux is a
      reliable scintigraphic finding in detecting CBD stenosis.

PMID- 3402505
TI  - Observation of portal circulation through superior mesenteric vein by enteric
      coated capsule of thallium-201.
AB  - A new method of oral administration of an enteric coated capsule of 201Tl (201Tl
      capsule) was developed to evaluate the portal circulation through the superior
      mesenteric vein (SMV). The 201Tl-capsule was not collapsed in the artificial
      gastric juice, whereas it melted soon after soaking in the artificial intestinal
      juice. In a clinical trial of 42 cases, 201Tl was satisfactory released in the
      duodenum in 36 cases where clear liver images were observed except in 1 patient.
      Heart to liver ratio (H/L) at 60 or 90 min after duodenal release of 201Tl was
      0.32 +/- 0.07 (mean +/- 1 s.d.) in normal controls, 0.34 +/- 0.12 in chronic
      hepatitis, 0.31 +/- 0.12 in acute hepatitis, 0.45 +/- 0.13 in liver cirrhosis and
      0.48 +/- 0.32 in cirrhosis with hepatocellular carcinoma. In 11 patients who had
      both oral and rectal studies with 201Tl, 7 showed a high H/L ratio of more than
      0.8 in the rectal study but only 1 showed a similarly high ratio of 1.07 in the
      oral study. In the group of varied liver disorders we have studied so far, it was
      found that most of the SMV blood flowed into the liver and the degree of portal
      systemic shunting (PSS) from the SMV was much smaller compared to that from the
      inferior mesenteric vein. The present study with oral administration of the 201Tl
      capsule was of value in understanding portal circulation through the SMV,
      however, this technique seemed of limited usefulness for evaluating overall
      pathologic PSS.

PMID- 3402504
TI  - Superficial and deep lymphoscintigraphic findings before and after femoro
      popliteal bypass.
AB  - The aim of this work is to explore the patients operated on for a femoro
      popliteal bypass (FPB) with lymphoscintigraphy (LS) of the lower limbs. Data
      concerning 35 limbs from 33 patients operated on for a FPB have been included in
      a prospective study. Superficial and deep LS have been performed by injecting 74
      MBq 99mTc-Rhenium Sulphide Colloid into the subcutaneous tissue of the first
      interdigital space and of the lateral malleolus region respectively. Both
      superficial and deep LS have been performed before and after surgery. A
      postoperative oedema was found in 17 of the 35 limbs. The value of the lymphatic
      flow indices and their variation after surgery do not significantly differ
      between the oedematous and non oedematous groups. Thirteen of the 17 limbs with
      oedema have presented an interruption of the lymphatic circulation or a diffuse
      activity outside the lymphatic vessels on the postoperative superficial and/or
      deep LS. This proportion is only 1/18 in the non oedematous group. The difference
      between the two groups is highly significant (P less than 0.001). By contrast,
      the proportion of lymph cyst does not differ significantly between the two
      groups. In conclusion, this study confirms the close relationship between the
      oedema following FPB and surgical damage to the lymphatics.

PMID- 3402506
TI  - Uptake of 99mTc labelled (Fab')2 fragments of monoclonal antibody 225.28S by a
      benign ocular naevus.
AB  - Malignant melanoma is one of the most common primary intraocular neoplasms.
      Recently, 99mTc radiolabelled (Fab')2 fragments of monoclonal antibody 225.28S
      raised against cutaneous melanomas have been used for imaging uveal melanomas. We
      report here a case where uptake of radiolabelled antibody was observed in a
      choroidal melanoma of the right eye and a benign choroidal naevus of the left.

PMID- 3402507
TI  - Local transposition flap for valve construction in short-gut syndrome.
AB  - In 10 mongrel dogs, massive resection of small intestine was performed by
      removing 90% of its length. Following a period of approximately 2 months, the
      animals presented excessive steatorrhea and severe cachexia. Construction of a
      valve using a local transposition flap within the intestinal lumen near the colon
      resulted in a detainment of weight loss and steatorrhea. The animals were kept
      under observation over a period of 4 months.

PMID- 3402508
TI  - Prevention of death following one-hour occlusion of the portal vein in the rat.
AB  - This study was conducted to evaluate various methods to reduce the mortality rate
      following acute portal vein occlusion in rat: systemic heparinization,
      intravenous saline infusion, enteral antibiotics and simultaneous clamping of the
      superior mesenteric artery were tested alone or in combination. Each of these
      treatments improved the survival rate after 45 or 60 min occlusion of the portal
      vein; combination of all treatments provided better results than each treatment
      alone. These results indicate that, following acute portal vein occlusion in the
      rat, several factors cooperate to cause death. The decrease in mean arterial
      blood pressure during occlusion of the portal vein was correlated with the
      mortality rate; this correlation was significant in the animals with 45 min
      occlusion of the portal vein. It appeared in this study that, when used in
      association, simple therapeutic methods are highly effective in improving the
      survival rate following acute portal vein occlusion in the rat.

PMID- 3402509
TI  - Effect of gastric cold irrigation on stress ulceration.
AB  - Gastric cold irrigation is widely used in the treatment of gastric bleeding. The
      purpose of this study was that of studying the effect of cooling on gastric
      mucosal lesions induced by hemorrhagic shock. The gastric transmucosal potential
      difference (GTPD) and the severity of ulceration were assessed in rats subjected
      to continuous gastric irrigation with 0.1 N HCl at a temperature of 37 or 5
      degrees C. The effect of gastric cooling was evaluated in basal conditions and in
      rats subjected to hemorrhagic shock. Although gastric cooling has been able to
      cause ulcers in basal conditions, it showed a protective effect during
      hemorrhagic shock, reducing the degree of ulceration and improving the GTPD
      recovery. It is likely that the decrease in cellular metabolic requirements
      induced by cooling plays an important role in mucosal protection during
      hemorrhagic shock.

PMID- 3402510
TI  - Shock waves enhance the cytotoxicity of cisplatin but not of adriamycin. A
      preliminary report.

PMID- 3402511
TI  - Hepatic stimulator substance in extracts from regenerating porcine liver. Basic
      physiochemical properties.
AB  - Previous studies in rats and dogs have implicated the liver as the source of some
      of the factors which are responsible for its regeneration. In the present study
      extracts from regenerating and normal livers were infused into the portal vein of
      pigs after a 15% partial hepatectomy. Thymidine kinase activity was measured on
      the 3rd and 4th days as an index of liver regeneration. An intraportal infusion
      of extracts from regenerating, but not normal, livers resulted in an increased
      regenerative response. The response was dose-related. The stimulator substance
      was stable when stored at -20 degrees C and could be precipitated by absolute
      ethanol.

PMID- 3402512
TI  - Effects of serotonin inhibition in air embolism in dogs.
AB  - Serotonin can induce pulmonary hypertension, hypoxia and bronchoconstriction, and
      ketanserin has been shown to reverse these effects on various experimental models
      of acute respiratory failure. In the present study, the hemodynamic and
      gasometric effects of ketanserin were studied during acute respiratory failure
      induced by an air infusion at a rate of 10 ml/min in dogs. During a 60-min air
      infusion, 10 dogs received 4 mg of ketanserin i.v. and 10 dogs served as control.
      Ketanserin-treated dogs had similar pulmonary hypertension even though more
      significant decreases in arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance
      characterized the systemic effects of ketanserin. Similarly, a marked increase in
      hematocrit observed in control dogs (from 36.9 to 43.8%, p less than 0.01) was
      totally prevented by ketanserin (from 40.3 to 40.4%, NS). Hypoxia was similar,
      although the increase in pulmonary shunt was attenuated (259 instead of 468%).
      Therefore, the influence of serotonin is very limited in acute respiratory
      failure secondary to air embolization. Serotonin might have a more important
      influence on the systemic than on the pulmonary vasculature in these conditions.

PMID- 3402513
TI  - Effects of partial ischemia and reflow on mitochondrial metabolism in rat liver.
AB  - To clarify the effects of partial ischemia and reflow on the mitochondrial
      metabolism of the rat liver, the afferent vessels supplying the left lateral and
      left half of medial lobes were occluded and then reperfused after given time
      periods of ischemia (30, 60, 90 and 120 min, groups A, B, C and D, respectively).
      Samplings were taken at 0, 10 and 60 min after reperfusion. The energy charge
      levels of ischemic lobes decreased rapidly from 0.85 +/- 0.01 in the sham group
      to 0.38 +/- 0.11, 0.35 +/- 0.07 and 0.34 +/- 0.06 in groups B, C and D,
      respectively. The phosphorylative activities of mitochondria isolated from
      ischemic lobes decreased gradually along with the time of ischemia. The reversal
      of mitochondrial function and energy charge levels following reperfusion was
      noted in groups A and B. In nonischemic lobes, the phosphorylation rate (nmol
      ATP/mg/min) increased from 90 +/- 6 in sham group to 125 +/- 12 and 130 +/- 9;
      131 +/- 5 and 130 +/- 6; 123 +/- 6 and 122 +/- 17, and 138 +/- 6 and 138 +/- 13
      at 10 and 60 min after reflow in groups A, B, C and D, respectively (p less than
      0.05). The energy charge level of nonischemic lobes decreased from 0.85 +/- 0.01
      of sham group to 0.80 +/- 0.03 in group D (p less than 0.05). From these results,
      it is concluded that the transitional zone for the reversal of mitochondria
      function and energy metabolism following prolonged liver ischemia appears at
      around 60 min.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3402515
TI  - Glucose and alanine absorption following massive small bowel resection.
AB  - A 90% small bowel resection in 8 dogs resulted in a significant decrease (p less
      than 0.05) in D-xylose and D-glucose absorption during the early postoperative
      period. The absorptive capacity of the residual gut with regard to L-alanine,
      however, remained unchanged. Anemia and hypoalbuminemia also occurred in time,
      suggesting a malabsorptive state. Control studies were performed in 8 dogs with
      small bowel transections. The results suggest that a high protein diet might be
      of benefit during the early postoperative period after massive small bowel
      resection.

PMID- 3402514
TI  - Toxicity of bilirubin and bilirubin diglucuronide to rat tissue culture
      fibroblasts.
AB  - The effects of obstructive and non-obstructive jaundice on rat tissue culture
      fibroblasts have been compared. Tissue culture fibroblasts were grown in medium
      containing unconjugated bilirubin and medium containing conjugated bilirubin
      (bilirubin diglucuronide). The addition of bilirubin to the culture medium caused
      morphological changes in the fibroblasts and significantly decreased their rate
      of multiplication. The addition of bilirubin diglucuronide had no effect. As the
      fibroblast plays an important role in wound healing, patients with obstructive
      jaundice (where surgery is most frequently required) may be less likely to
      undergo wound failure than patients with non-obstructive jaundice.

PMID- 3402516
TI  - Differences between the histology of normal spleen and that of regenerated
      ectopically implanted splenic tissue.
AB  - The histology of regenerated ectopically implanted spleen (splenotic tissue) from
      splenectomized rats was compared with that of normal rat spleen. Computer
      assisted morphometric analysis revealed significant decreases in both the number
      and area of splenic nodules in splenotic tissue when compared with normal spleen.
      It is suggested that the reduction in the amount of white pulp present could
      explain at least in part the reduced ability of splenotic tissue to deal with
      infection.

PMID- 3402517
TI  - Inadequate reporting of analytical quality control in the clinical
      pharmacological literature.
AB  - Quality control parameters were surveyed in the clinical pharmacological
      literature of 1984 and 1985, as published by the European Journal of Clinical
      Pharmacology, the British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, and Clinical
      Pharmacology and Therapeutics. Papers which included newly developed methods gave
      details about precision and sensitivity in more than 60% and about accuracy and
      specificity in nearly 30%. Fewer than one-third of all articles containing
      analytical methods, described by citation only, gave information about precision
      and sensitivity in the originating laboratory, and accuracy and specificity were
      reported by less than 10% of them. These data represent an important deficiency
      in laboratory information in the clinical pharmacological literature.

PMID- 3402518
TI  - The effect of diuretic therapy on adrenaline-induced hypokalaemia and
      hypomagnesaemia.
AB  - We have examined the interaction between the administration of bendrofluazide,
      frusemide, spironolactone, and placebo and increased plasma adrenaline
      concentrations in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross over study. We
      studied healthy subjects on the fourteenth day of each treatment period and after
      a two hour infusion of adrenaline (0.06 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 [0.33 nmol.kg-1.min
      1]) we measured their heart rates, blood pressures, and plasma potassium and
      magnesium concentrations. There were no differences in heart rates or blood
      pressures for all four treatments. Baseline potassium concentrations were not
      significantly different compared to placebo, and plasma potassium fell during the
      period of the infusion on all study days. this fall was significantly greater on
      frusemide (0.5 mmol.l-1) and bendrofluazide (0.4 mmol.l-1) compared with both
      placebo and spironolactone. Baseline plasma magnesium concentration were not
      different and similar falls in plasma magnesium were seen on all four treatments
      during and after the adrenaline infusion. We conclude that chronic diuretic
      therapy with a thiazide diuretic or frusemide may increase the severity of
      hypokalaemia during short-term rises in plasma adrenaline. Pretreatment with
      spironolactone had no effect on adrenaline-induced hypokalaemia. None of the
      diuretics studied altered adrenaline-induced hypomagnesaemia.

PMID- 3402519
TI  - Short-time response characteristics of salbutamol in infants with broncho
      pulmonary diseases.
AB  - The effects of salbutamol 0.225 mg/kg given systemically on lung function in
      infants have been measured by whole-body plethysmography in 60 children with
      broncho-pulmonary diseases (24 after respiratory distress syndrome, 21 with
      wheezy bronchitis and 15 with cystic fibrosis). A therapeutic action was
      demonstrated in 74% of the tests, taking into account changes in end-expiratory
      resting level (state of inflation) and associated changes in airway resistance.
      There was a significant decrease in thoracic gas volume as an estimate of
      pulmonary hyperinflation, which was due to improved alveolar ventilation and to a
      consequential decrease in end-expiratory resting level. The improvement in airway
      resistance, as an estimate of airway obstruction, reflects a substantial
      relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle increasing the diameter of the airways. The
      extent to which similar results may be achieved by topical administration of
      nebulised beta agonists remains to be determined.

PMID- 3402520
TI  - Influence of naloxone on the postoperative analgesic and respiratory effects of
      buprenorphine.
AB  - Eighty patients recovering from major operations were investigated to evaluate
      the influence of naloxone on the analgesic and respiratory depressant properties
      of buprenorphine. They were randomly assigned to two groups to self-administer
      either buprenorphine (Group B) or a mixture of buprenorphine and naloxone
      (fraction 60%; Group BN) in the early postoperative period by means of the On
      Demand Analgesia Computer (ODAC). The duration of patient-controlled analgesia
      (PCA) was 21.0 h (B) or 23.5 h (BN), during which 12.2 (B) and 18.2 (BN) demands
      per patient were recorded, representing significantly different consumption of
      buprenorphine 0.80 (B) and 1.07 (BN) microgram.kg-1.h-1. Retrospective pain
      scores were significantly better in Group B, and respiratory rate was
      significantly higher in Group BN. The analgesia was judged superior by 81% (B)
      and 88% (BN) of the patients compared to conventional postoperative pain
      treatment. The minimum effective buprenorphine concentration (MEC) varied greatly
      in both groups with no significant differences between them (median 0.4 ng.ml-1,
      range 0.1-8.6 ng.ml-1); intra-individual variability was lower (67.9% B, and
      58.2% BN) than inter-individual variability (107.3% B and 84.0% BN). Accumulation
      in plasma and acute tolerance did not occur. Thus, admixture of 60% naloxone
      decreased both the analgesic and respiratory depressant effects of buprenorphine
      which were generally independent of plasma concentrations. The analgesia achieved
      with the buprenorphine/naloxone mixture under patient-controlled conditions was
      comparable to that of other narcotic analgesics. Accordingly, this drug
      combination may be expected to give clinically adequate analgesia without notable
      impairement of spontaneous respiration, whilst withdrawal symptoms would probably
      arise in drug addicts abusing other opiates.

PMID- 3402521
TI  - Influence of renal function on the elimination of morphine and morphine
      glucuronides.
AB  - The influence of renal function, measured by 51Cr-EDTA clearance, on morphine and
      morphine glucuronide kinetics has been studied in 13 patients after a single i.v.
      injection of morphine. Unconjugated morphine and morphine glucuronides were
      measured by a sensitive, specific RIA after extraction from plasma. No
      significant correlation was found between total body clearance of unconjugated
      morphine and 51Cr-EDTA clearance. However, patients with renal insufficiency had
      impaired elimination of morphine glucuronides, and the apparent clearance was
      significantly correlated with the 51Cr-EDTA clearance (r = 0.94, p less than
      0.001). A relatively long terminal elimination of half-life of morphine was found
      in all patients (mean +/- SD: 9.2 +/- 2.5 h), irrespective of glomerular
      function.

PMID- 3402522
TI  - Differential effect of type I and type II diabetes on antipyrine disposition in
      man.
AB  - As the influence of diabetes on drug metabolism in patients is controversial, a
      study was performed to assess antipyrine (AP) disposition in controlled Type I
      and Type II diabetics and 2 age- and sex-matched control groups. In Type I
      diabetics, the half-life of AP was significantly reduced from 12.0 (controls) to
      7.9 h, and the volume of distribution (V) was lowered from 733 to 569 ml.kg-1.
      The resulting plasma clearance and cumulative urinary excretion of AP and its
      metabolites over 24 h did not differ from controls. In Type II diabetics, the AP
      half-life (14.5 h) and V (568 ml.kg-1) did not differ from their age- and sex
      matched controls (11.1 h and 643 ml.kg-1, respectively), but the plasma clearance
      of AP was significantly reduced by 30%, and urinary excretion was significantly
      reduced to 44% of controls. The differential effects of Types I and II diabetes
      on AP metabolism may explain, at least in part, the controversial data in the
      literature.

PMID- 3402523
TI  - Plasma and skin blister fluid concentrations of trimethoprim following its oral
      administration.
AB  - Plasma and skin blister fluid concentration-time curves following a single oral
      dose of trimethoprim have been evaluated. Skin blisters were produced by the
      cantharides technique, using patches with cantharidin ointment. Trimethoprim
      concentrations in plasma following multiple doses of 200 mg were also determined.
      The maximal concentration in plasma after a single oral dose of 400 mg
      trimethoprim was 3.95 +/- 1.08 mg/l, and it was observed after 2 h, whereas in
      skin blister fluid the level was 2.21 +/- 0.62 mg/l, and it was delayed for up to
      6 h. This means that a certain time is required for drug transfer from the
      capillaries via the basal membrane into blister fluid. Penetration of the drug
      into blister fluid, defined as the ratio of the areas under the trimethoprim
      level time curve in skin blister fluid to that of plasma, was 0.826 +/- 0.096.
      The steady-state concentration of trimethoprim in plasma during routine treatment
      with 200-mg doses ranged between 2 and 3.5 mg/l.

PMID- 3402524
TI  - Nisoldipine: kinetics and effects on blood pressure and heart rate in patients
      with liver cirrhosis after intravenous and oral administration.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics and effects on blood pressure and heart rate of nisoldipine
      were studied in 8 patients with cirrhosis and in 8 age-matched healthy controls.
      On separate occasions each subject received nisoldipine by i.v. infusion (0.37 mg
      in 40 min) and as a tablet (5 mg for patients and 20 mg for control subjects).
      After i.v. nisoldipine, the elimination half-life was 9.7 h in control subjects
      and 16.6 h in the cirrhotics. The volume of distribution was 4.1 l/kg and 6.4
      l/kg and the total systemic clearance was 847 ml/min and 494 ml/min,
      respectively. On oral nisoldipine, systemic availability was fourfold higher in
      patients with cirrhosis: 14.7% versus 3.7%. After i.v. administration of
      nisoldipine there was a brief decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure
      in both groups, whereas the heart rate increased. After 4 h a second effect peak
      appeared in the control subjects. After oral nisoldipine similar effect-time
      profiles were found, but effects lasted longer than after i.v. administration.
      Comparison of the maximal total plasma concentration of nisoldipine and the
      maximal effect in the two groups revealed that sensitivity to nisoldipine was not
      different in patients with cirrhosis. A reduction in the dose of nisoldipine is
      recommended when cirrhotics require oral nisoldipine in therapeutic practice.

PMID- 3402525
TI  - Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modelling of oxprenolol in man using continuous
      non-invasive blood pressure monitoring.
AB  - The relationship between the plasma concentration of oxprenolol and its
      haemodynamic effects during physical exercise was studied in 6 healthy
      volunteers, in whom BP and heart rate (HR) were continuously monitored by non
      invasive techniques (Fin-A-Press-Tonometer) during repeated three-minute exercise
      periods for 8 h after treatment. Using the fitted pharmacokinetic curve, the drug
      effect was related to its plasma concentration using the Emax model. The mean
      EC50 for the relationship between drug concentration and heart rate during
      exercise (HRex) was 73.1 ng/ml, and for systolic blood pressure during exercise
      (SBPex) it was 112.7 ng/ml. Emax was 29.0% for HRex, and 33.2% for SBPex. There
      were no consistent differences between the parameters for the effects on HRex and
      SPBex. Thus, using a new, non-invasive technique for continuous measurement of
      blood pressure, the effect of a beta-adrenoceptor blocking drug on SBPex was
      described with similar accuracy as its effect on HRex.

PMID- 3402526
TI  - Transsynovial kinetics of piroxicam in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Twenty-four patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis, who required articular
      puncture, participated in this open label study. Following a washout period of 7
      days piroxicam 20 mg was administered once daily for 7 days. The average drug
      concentration in a dose interval in plasma fluctuated between 4.45 micrograms/ml
      and 8.02 micrograms/ml, and in synovial fluid it ranged between 4.16
      micrograms/ml and 5.55 micrograms/ml. Piroxicam was eliminated from plasma with a
      half-life of 41.7 h and 43.2 h from synovial fluid as calculated from measured
      and interpolated data from all patients. Despite the short treatment period,
      clinical improvement could clearly be demonstrated.

PMID- 3402528
TI  - Presence of epoxide hydrolase and glutathione S-transferase in human pulmonary
      alveolar macrophages.
AB  - Pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAMs) were obtained from 11 patients by
      bronchoalveolar lavage. Epoxide hydrolase and glutathione S-transferase in
      sonicated PAMs were measured using benzo(a)pyrene-4,5-oxide as the substrate. The
      activity of epoxide hydrolase was 0.24 +/- 0.10 nmol/min/mg protein (mean +/-
      SD), and of glutathione S-transferase 0.22 +/- 0.12 nmol/min/mg protein. There
      was a significant difference in enzyme activities in the PAMs from smokers and
      non-smokers. Epoxides may be metabolized in PAMs.

PMID- 3402527
TI  - Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of single oral doses of ibopamine,
      quinidine and their combination in normal man.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics and haemodynamics (phono- and impedance cardiography) of
      single oral doses of 200 mg ibopamine (SK&F 100168), 400 mg quinidine sulphate,
      and their combination, have been assessed in 6 healthy male volunteers. No
      significant differences in the mean pharmacokinetic parameters of either drug
      were seen between the single and combined doses. Ibopamine caused an increase in
      mean estimated stroke volume (SV +29% for the maximum change from baseline and
      +15% cumulatively over the first h) with no change in mean heart rate (HR) or
      QTc. Quinidine administered concomitantly blunted the response of SV. A tendency
      to a lower mean concentration of epinine early after administration of the
      combination may have contributed to the difference. Quinidine alone hardly
      affected SV (-3% from baseline over the first h), but it did increase mean HR (+6
      beats.min-1) and mean QTc (+30 ms). These changes were sustained up to 8 h after
      dosing, and were not affected by concurrent ibopamine.

PMID- 3402529
TI  - Biliary excretion of diflunisal conjugates in patients with T-tube drainage.
AB  - The urinary and biliary excretion of diflunisal and its glucuronide and sulphate
      conjugates were studied in 10 patients following cholecystectomy. Total urinary
      excretion (0-24 h) was 36.6 +/- 16.4% of the 250 mg dose. Biliary excretion (0-24
      h) was restricted to the phenolic and acyl glucuronides and accounted for 3.7 +/-
      2.3% of the dose. An inverse relationship existed between urinary and biliary
      excretion of diflunisal and its conjugates. The data indicate that the reduced
      plasma clearance of diflunisal in patients with renal failure may, at least in
      part, be due to increased biliary excretion of diflunisal glucuronides followed
      by hydrolysis in the gut and reabsorption of diflunisal i.e. enterohepatic
      cycling.

PMID- 3402531
TI  - The double reactivity of a human monoclonal rheumatoid factor to IgG and histones
      is related to distinct binding sites.
AB  - The structural basis of the double reactivity of a human monoclonal rheumatoid
      factor (RF) with both human IgG and histones H1 and H3 was investigated by means
      of competitive inhibition experiments. The monoclonal RF binding to solid-phase
      histones was inhibited by increasing concentrations of heat-aggregated IgG.
      However, increasing concentrations of purified histones were almost unable to
      reduce the RF binding to solid-phase IgG. Inhibition of antigen binding with two
      murine monoclonal anti-idiotopes reacting with distinct idiotopes on the
      monoclonal RF indicated that the fixation to the different antigens was mediated
      by distinct binding sites. This result was confirmed by showing the selective
      sensitivity to mild acid treatment of the histone binding site but not of the IgG
      binding site. This report provides a structural basis for the existence of
      polyfunctional combining regions on a human autoantibody.

PMID- 3402530
TI  - Effect of ethanol on liver perfusion.

PMID- 3402533
TI  - Influence of lithium on the positive inotropic effect of phenylephrine and
      isoprenaline in guinea-pig heart.
AB  - The influence of lithium on the positive inotropic effects mediated by alpha- and
      beta-adrenoceptor stimulation was studied in isolated guinea-pig ventricular
      preparations stimulated at 1 Hz. Lithium chloride (10(-3)-2 X 10(-2) M) shifted
      the concentration-response curve for the inotropic effect of phenylephrine to the
      right in a dose-dependent manner. [3H]Prazosin binding was not inhibited by 10(
      2) M lithium. The antagonistic effect of lithium was almost completely prevented
      by the presence of 10(-2) M myoinositol, and was potentiated by 10(-4) M 2-2'
      anhydro-2-C-(hydroxymethyl)-myo-inositol, an antagonist of myo-inositol. The
      positive inotropic effect of isoprenaline was completely unaffected by either 10(
      2) M lithium, 10(-2) M myo-inositol, or 10(-4) M 2-2'-anhydro-2-C-(hydroxymethyl)
      myo-inositol. Since it is known that lithium interferes with inositol phosphate
      metabolism, our results produce further indirect evidence of an involvement of
      inositol phosphates in the myocardial response to alpha-adrenoceptor, but not to
      beta-adrenoceptor, stimulation. Our findings also suggest that chronic lithium
      treatment could interfere with the adrenergic modulation of myocardial
      contractility in those physio-pathological conditions in which the role of
      myocardial alpha-adrenoceptors becomes predominant.

PMID- 3402532
TI  - Hippocampal kindling-induced after-discharge and behavioural depression:
      immediate and long-term attenuation by opiate antagonists.
AB  - Hippocampal kindling results in tonic-clonic convulsions followed by a pronounced
      period of behavioural depression. The effect of the opiate antagonists,
      naltrexone and naloxone, on the duration of the after-discharge and behavioural
      depression was investigated. Naltrexone, injected s.c. 60 min before,
      significantly reduced the behavioural depression at doses as low as 0.6 mg/kg,
      but had no effect on the after-discharge even at higher doses. One day later, the
      behavioural depression was still reduced in some animals and the after-discharge
      was significantly decreased following the higher doses (0.24-0.48 mg/kg).
      Naloxone, injected s.c., 10 min before, significantly reduced the behavioural
      depression at a dose as low as 0.002 mg/kg and also reduced the duration of the
      after-discharge at some doses. Naloxone did not exert any significant effects 24
      h later. Naltrexone, injected i.c. 60 min before kindling in a dose of 1
      microgram, significantly attenuated the behavioural depression and had no effect
      on the after-discharge. The behavioural depression was still attenuated 24 and 48
      h later. The involvement of mu-receptor-related endogenous opioid mechanisms in
      postictal brain processes is suggested. The long-term effects might be related to
      receptor 'activation' during the immediate period due to an interaction between
      the antagonist and the kindling experience.

PMID- 3402534
TI  - Effects of dl-fenfluramine and xylamidine on gastric emptying of maintenance diet
      in freely feeding rats.
AB  - Freely feeding rats received an anorexigenic dose of dl-fenfluramine HCl (5
      mg/kg). Two hours following injection, their stomachs retained significantly
      greater dry weight contents than saline-injected controls. The same dose of
      fenfluramine decreased the rate of gastric emptying over a 2 h period to a
      similar extent in mildly food-deprived rats. The peripherally acting serotonin
      antagonist xylamidine counteracted the effect of fenfluramine in prolonging the
      satiating effect of an ad libitum meal of a given size. We propose therefore that
      the principal mechanism by which fenfluramine reduces food consumption in freely
      feeding rats is through a prolongation of the satiating effect of absorption as a
      result of slowing of gastric emptying, presumably via enhanced release of
      serotonin from nerve terminals in the wall of the gastrointestinal tract.

PMID- 3402535
TI  - Effects of felodipine on energy turnover in the rat portal vein.
AB  - The effects of the vasodilating dihydropyridine, felodipine, on tissue
      concentrations of high-energy phosphates and on oxygen consumption and lactate
      production in the smooth muscle of the rat portal vein were investigated.
      Felodipine (100 nM) caused a gradual decrease in the amplitude of the spontaneous
      phasic contractions in a calcium-containing medium. The mean active force was
      reduced by about 80% within 15 min. The inhibition of force was associated with
      reductions in both oxygen consumption and lactate production. No effects of
      felodipine could be observed in a calcium-free solution. The metabolic rates and
      force during felodipine inhibition approached those recorded in the calcium-free
      media. Felodipine (30 nM) did not alter the tissue levels of ATP, ADP, AMP and
      phosphocreatine. Relaxation by felodipine is thus associated with a decreased
      energy demand for contraction and, possibly, ionic translocation. The reduced ATP
      hydrolysis is compensated for by the regeneration of metabolic ATP, thus keeping
      the cellular levels of high-energy phosphates constant.

PMID- 3402536
TI  - Increased glucose utilization in superficial layers of the rat spinal dorsal horn
      during precipitated morphine withdrawal.
AB  - The 2-deoxy-D-[1-14C]glucose method was used to map effects of morphine
      withdrawal on glucose utilization in the rat spinal cord. Naloxone (0.5 mg s.c.)
      given to morphinized rats (225 mg morphine over 7 days) produced a withdrawal
      syndrome, and increased glucose utilization in the superficial layers of the
      dorsal horn in the cervical and thoracic spinal cord. The findings are consistent
      with an increased input from small diameter primary afferent fibers during the
      morphine withdrawal syndrome.

PMID- 3402537
TI  - [125I]SCH 23982, a 'selective' D-1 receptor antagonist, labels with high affinity
      5-HT1C sites in pig choroid plexus.
AB  - [125I]SCH 23982, a ligand reported to be very selective for dopamine D-1
      receptors, binds with high affinity to membranes of pig choroid plexus (KD = 186
      pM, Bmax = 142 fmol/mg protein). Saturation and competition experiments suggested
      that [125I]SCH 23982 labels a homogeneous population of sites. The rank order for
      affinity of agonists, 5-HT greater than or equal to DOI (1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4
      iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane) much greater than dopamine greater than fenoldopam,
      and antagonists, metergoline greater than mesulergine = mianserin greater than
      SCH 23390 greater than methiothepin greater than ketanserin greater than
      fluphenazine much greater than (-)-sulpiride greater than (+)-sulpiride, was
      compatible with labelling of 5-HT1C receptors by [125I]SCH 23982. It also
      correlates very significantly with [3H]mesulergine binding to pig choroid plexus
      membranes. The effects of SCH 23390 and its analogues should not be
      systematically attributed to an interaction with D-1 receptors.

PMID- 3402538
TI  - Selectivity of methoctramine for muscarinic receptors in porcine cerebral
      arteries.
AB  - There was a clear difference in affinity (257-fold) for methoctramine between the
      muscarinic receptors involved in the methacholine-induced contraction of isolated
      pig coronary and basilar arteries, whereas atropine did not discriminate between
      the muscarinic receptors in these arterial smooth muscle preparations. Comparison
      of this finding with recent data on the selectivity of methoctramine suggests
      that the basilar artery contains M2 receptors whereas those in the coronary
      artery belong to the muscarinic receptor subtype which is present in exocrine
      glands (M3) and/or in ileal smooth muscle.

PMID- 3402539
TI  - Epidermal growth factor receptors in the human colon.

PMID- 3402540
TI  - [125I]iodopride: a specific high affinity radioligand for labelling striatal
      dopamine D-2 receptors.

PMID- 3402541
TI  - Adenosine receptor activation blocks seizures induced by bicuculline methiodide
      in the rat prepiriform cortex.

PMID- 3402543
TI  - Poultry-borne salmonellosis in Scotland.
AB  - Between 1980-5, 224 outbreaks of salmonellosis associated with poultry-meat were
      reported in Scotland. In total 2245 persons were affected, 12 of whom died.
      Twenty-one salmonella serotypes were identified from those affected, while 33
      serotypes were isolated from poultry during routine monitoring and disease
      investigation. Existing measures to prevent the spread of salmonellae within
      poultry flocks and processing plants are failing. It is suggested that
      irradiation of poultry-meat may be the only effective method of reducing the
      public health problem of poultry-borne salmonellosis.

PMID- 3402542
TI  - Allergic responses and subsequent development of airway hyperreactivity to cold
      provocation in the rat trachea: pharmacological modulation.
AB  - An in vitro model of airway hyperreactivity to cold provocation was developed.
      Cold provocation (10 degrees C) alone was not sufficient to cause contraction of
      rat isolated tracheal smooth muscle preparations. However, following recovery
      from antigen-induced responses in sensitized rat tracheal segments, cold
      provocation resulted in marked contractile responses. L-652,731 (a Paf-acether
      antagonist) and atropine significantly attenuated antigen-induced responses and
      subsequent development of airway hyperreactivity to cold provocation.
      Indomethacin augmented allergic responses and subsequent development of airway
      hyperreactivity to cold challenge. Nordihydroguaiaretic acid, FPL 55712 and
      theophylline did not exert any effect. The data obtained in this study showed
      that (i) Paf-acether and acetylcholine may play an important role in the
      mediation of allergic responses and subsequent development of airway
      hyperreactivity to cold provocation; (ii) the significant attenuation of antigen
      induced airway hyperreactivity to cold provocation by Ca2+ channel blockers
      (nifedipine, bepridil and TMB-8) suggests an increase in Ca2+ influx/permeability
      following antigen challenge which appears to be responsible for the development
      of airway hyperreactivity to cold provocation; and (iii) 5-HT, prostaglandins or
      thromboxanes and leukotrienes play little or no role in the mediation of allergic
      responses and subsequent development of airway hyperreactivity to cold exposure
      in rat trachea.

PMID- 3402545
TI  - Washing with contaminated bar soap is unlikely to transfer bacteria.
AB  - Recent reports of the isolation of microorganisms from used soap bars have raised
      the concern that bacteria may be transferred from contaminated soap bars during
      handwashing. Since only one study addressing this question has been published, we
      developed an additional procedure to test this concern. In our new method
      prewashed and softened commercial deodorant soap bars (0.8% triclocarban) not
      active against Gram-negative bacteria were inoculated with Escherichia coli and
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa to give mean total survival levels of 4.4 X 10(5) c.f.u.
      per bar which was 70-fold higher than those reported on used soap bars. Sixteen
      panelists were instructed to wash with the inoculated bars using their normal
      handwashing procedure. After washing, none of the 16 panelists had detectable
      levels of either test bacterium on their hands. Thus, the results obtained using
      our new method were in complete agreement with those obtained with the previously
      published method even though the two methods differ in a number of procedural
      aspects. These findings, along with other published reports, show that little
      hazard exists in routine handwashing with previously used soap bars and support
      the frequent use of soap and water for handwashing to prevent the spread of
      disease.

PMID- 3402544
TI  - Prospective study of diarrhoeal disease in a cohort of rural Mexican children:
      incidence and isolated pathogens during the first two years of life.
AB  - Colonization of the intestine by putative pathogens was followed longitudinally
      in a cohort of 56 infants born during one calendar year in a rural Mexican
      village with faecal cultures taken every fortnight and every time a child had
      diarrhoea. The frequency of isolation of pathogens during episodes of diarrhoea
      was compared with that of matched controls from the same cohort. Incidence of
      diarrhoea during the first year of life was 98%, diminishing to 93% during the
      second year. The incidence curves for each year were not significantly different
      (P greater than 0.1). Isolation of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli,
      enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli producing heat-stable (ST) and/or heat-labile
      (LT) enterotoxins and rotaviruses was significantly higher in infants with
      diarrhoea during the first 2 years of life. In the case of shigella, although no
      significant differences were found by semester of life, 13 of 16 children in
      which these strains were found had diarrhoea. Isolation of Salmonella spp.,
      Campylobacter spp. and protozoa were not significantly different in the two
      groups during the period studied. Strains showing localized adherence to HEp-2
      cells or the presence of colonization factor antigens I or E8775 were found with
      significantly higher frequency in children with diarrhoea. Eighty-two percent of
      ST+ or LT+ ETEC strains isolated produced one of the three known colonization
      factors.

PMID- 3402546
TI  - Isolation of African swine fever virus from ticks of the Ornithodoros moubata
      complex (Ixodoidea: Argasidae) collected within the African swine fever enzootic
      area of Malawi.
AB  - Ticks of the Ornithodoros moubata complex were collected from domestic pig sties
      and dwelling houses, and from a warthog habitat, and tested for the presence of
      African swine fever (ASF) virus. Collections were made in 9 of the 24 districts
      of Malawi, these being primarily the districts in which O. moubata is most
      numerous. ASF virus was isolated from ticks collected in both domestic pig sties
      and houses in certain villages in Mchinji district where ASF outbreaks had
      recently occurred. Mchinji district is in the centre of a large ASF enzootic area
      which stretches into other districts of Malawi and also into Zambia and
      Mozambique. The high titre of virus in some of the ticks demonstrates that O.
      moubata can act as a virus reservoir and potential vector of disease in the field
      situation in Malawi.

PMID- 3402547
TI  - Detection of specific IgM in varicella and herpes zoster by antibody-capture
      radioimmunoassay.
AB  - A simple and sensitive M antibody-capture radioimmunoassay (MACRIA) is described
      which utilizes crude commercial VZV antigen and a single monoclonal anti-VZV
      antibody. This was compared to the immunofluorescence (IF) test for IgM antibody
      and was used to study IgM responses in sera from 261 patients with varicella and
      220 patients with herpes zoster. With MACRIA, IgM antibodies were detected in all
      patients with varicella. The IgM antibodies appeared shortly after onset of rash,
      reached peak levels between 1 and 4 weeks after onset and then declined to low or
      undetectable levels in most, though not all, patients after 3 months. IgM
      antibodies were also detected in 98.2% of patients with herpes zoster, but the
      levels of IgM were significantly lower than after varicella and there was wider
      individual variation both in magnitude and duration of the IgM responses, in some
      cases only lasting 2-3 weeks. Comparison between MACRIA and IF showed good
      agreement in the detection of IgM antibodies following varicella. Discordant
      results were obtained with 13% of sera, of which 81% were taken either early or
      late after onset of rash and contained very low IgM levels. In contrast, 62 (28%)
      of the 220 sera from patients with zoster gave discordant results in the two
      tests, all except five being MACRIA-positive but IF-negative. The largest
      proportion of discordant results were obtained with sera taken more than 3 months
      after onset of rash, but 18 (29%) contained high IgM levels and were taken during
      the period of peak IgM responses. The diagnostic applications of the VZV MACRIA
      are discussed.

PMID- 3402548
TI  - A milk-borne outbreak of serious infection due to Streptococcus zooepidemicus
      (Lancefield Group C).
AB  - An outbreak of infection due to Streptococcus zooepidemicus (Lancefield Group C)
      is described. At least 11 patients were affected and the infection was
      responsible for, or contributed to, the deaths of seven of these. Clinical
      features included septicaemia, meningitis and endocarditis. The source of
      infection was unpasteurized milk from a dairy herd with mild intermittent
      mastitis.

PMID- 3402549
TI  - Cryptosporidium infections in humans with gastroenteritis in Zaria, Nigeria.
AB  - The stool samples of 75 patients with gastroenteritis and/or loose and watery
      faeces at three hospitals and one clinic in Zaria were examined for
      Cryptosporidium. The stool samples were concentrated by the formol-ether method
      and stained with safranin-methylene blue. Sixteen (21%) samples were positive.
      The rate of detection was higher among females (27%) than males (17%) and among
      adults (29%) than children (8%). The study confirmed the presence and possible
      significance of Cryptosporidium, which is a known zoonotic protozoan, in the
      aetiology of human gastroenteritis in Zaria, Nigeria.

PMID- 3402551
TI  - Characteristics of pyrogen fevers are altered in the aged rabbit.
AB  - The febrile response to both intravenous and intracerebral administration of
      pyrogens was investigated in young and old male New Zealand White rabbits.
      Intravenous bacterial pyrogen evoked biphasic fevers in both groups of animals.
      However, the fevers in the group of older rabbits were significantly less than in
      younger animals. In contrast, intravenous injection of endogenous pyrogen
      produced identical fevers in the two groups. Bacterial and endogenous pyrogens
      injected into a lateral cerebral ventricle evoked marked febrile responses of
      long duration in both young and old rabbits. The responses of the old rabbits
      were significantly less than those of the younger ones. Finally, direct
      microinjection of prostaglandin E1 into tissue sites within the anterior
      hypothalamic preoptic area elicited short latency hyperthermic responses which
      were significantly less in the older rabbits. Analysis of ear skin temperatures
      during fever demonstrated that some of the differences may, in part, be due to
      altered vasoconstrictor responses in the peripheral vasculature. Thus, these data
      indicate that the febrile response is altered with increasing age in the rabbit.

PMID- 3402552
TI  - Abnormalities of intramuscular nerves in old mice: an ultrastructural study.
AB  - Intramuscular branches of tibial nerves of 5- and 27-month-old mice were
      compared. Seventeen intramuscular nerve fascicles were studied in each group: 174
      myelinated axons were evaluated in the young mice, and 136 in the aged mice. The
      old mice showed significant decreases in numbers of myelinated axons per nerve,
      and these had significant decreases in concentrations of mitochondria.
      Interaxonal collagen and numbers of collagen fibrils were increased, as was the
      concentration of unmyelinated axons. Myelinated axons of old mice demonstrated
      myelin disorganization, myelin nodules, degeneration of axoplasm and Schwann
      cells.

PMID- 3402550
TI  - Species identification, antibiotic sensitivity and slime production of coagulase
      negative staphylococci isolated from clinical specimens.
AB  - Two hundred and seventy-five consecutive clinical isolates of coagulase-negative
      staphylococci, including strains associated with disease, contaminants and skin
      colonizers, were speciated, tested for slime production and for their sensitivity
      to a range of antibiotics. Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most commonly
      identified species, comprising 63% of all isolates. Slime production was detected
      in half the strains of Staph. epidermidis, Staph. haemolyticus and Staph.
      saprophyticus but was rare in other species. Most Staph. haemolyticus strains and
      approximately half of the Staph. epidermidis strains were resistant to five or
      more antibiotics. A significant association was found between slime production
      and multiple antibiotic resistance. For catheter-associated strains, clinical
      relevance was predictable by species i.e. Staph. epidermidis. Multi-resistant
      slime-positive Staph. haemolyticus strains, although infrequently associated with
      disease, were common skin colonizers, presumably acquired from the hospital
      environment. We describe a practical and inexpensive scheme for the speciation of
      human coagulase-negative staphylococcal isolates.

PMID- 3402553
TI  - Biomarker research in gerontology.

PMID- 3402555
TI  - Effect of procaine on cultivated human WI-38 fibroblasts.
AB  - Procaine is a local anesthetic, also used in experimental gerontology and has
      been tested in cultivated human WI-38 fibroblasts. This molecule was found to
      enhance growth rate and cell densities in actively dividing cultures. As the
      cells aged, however, this stimulatory effect diminished and finally vanished. In
      a long term experiment the enhancement of growth of procaine treated cultures was
      finally replaced by a toxic effect even at low concentration. The amount of the
      thermolabile enzyme found in phase III cells did not change when procaine was
      added to the culture medium. In this cellular aging model, procaine behaved like
      a metabolic stimulator of actively dividing cells but not as an "antiaging"
      molecule as it is sometimes assumed.

PMID- 3402554
TI  - Relationships between the cellular glutathione level and in vitro life span of
      human diploid fibroblasts.
AB  - In order to examine the role of cellular glutathione (GSH) in the in vitro aging
      of human diploid fibroblasts, we studied the effects of manipulated cellular GSH
      levels on their in vitro life span. An increase in cellular GSH level was
      produced by the addition of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a carrier of cysteine across
      cell membranes, into the culture medium, while a decrease in GSH level was
      produced by the addition of L-buthionine-(R,S)-sulfoximine (BSO), a specific
      inhibitor of GSH synthetase. When the cells were serially subcultivated in a
      medium containing NAC or BSO, their life spans were markedly extended or
      shortened, respectively, in comparison to the life span of cells grown in a
      control medium. These results suggest that the cellular GSH level is a
      determinant of the in vitro life span of human diploid cells.

PMID- 3402556
TI  - In vitro regulatory mechanisms for cytoplasmic maturation of murine
      megakaryocytes derived from colony-forming units megakaryocyte (CFU-M).
AB  - We studied the effects of recombinant erythropoietin (r-Epo) and thrombocytopenic
      serum (TS) on the cytoplasmic maturation of megakaryocytes derived from colony
      forming units megakaryocyte (CFU-M). Serotonin content, ATP content,
      acetylcholinesterase (Ach-E) activity per megakaryocyte, and electron microscopic
      analysis were selected as markers of cytoplasmic maturation. Megakaryocytes
      induced by pokeweed mitogen-stimulated spleen cell-conditioned medium (PWM-SCM)
      alone showed low levels of ATP content and Ach-E activity, which did not increase
      during culture, as well as a low level of serotonin content, which gradually
      accumulated during day 7 of culture. When r-EPo was added to the culture system
      on day 3 after megakaryocytic colony formation with PWM-SCM, the serotonin
      content in megakaryocytes increased markedly but ATP content and Ach-E activity
      did not increase significantly. In contrast, TS caused an increase in ATP content
      and Ach-E activity, but did not cause an increase in serotonin content. Electron
      microscopic analysis showed that the demarcation membrane system (DMS) developed
      defectively only in local areas with the addition of r-Epo and PWM-SCM, whereas
      the DMS developed normally and dense granules were generated to near normal with
      the addition of TS. Recombinant Epo may act on the early stage of cytoplasmic
      maturation, whereas TS may act on the late stage of cytoplasmic maturation. The
      results shown herein suggest that at least two different factors may be necessary
      for full in vitro cytoplasmic maturation of megakaryocytes derived from CFU-M.

PMID- 3402557
TI  - Circadian and seasonal rhythms in murine bone marrow colony-forming cells affect
      tolerance for the anticancer agent 4'-O-tetrahydropyranyladriamycin (THP).
AB  - The proliferative status of both bone marrow myeloid precursor cells (GM-CFUc)
      and stromal cells from the microenvironment are organized along circadian and
      circannual time scales in male B6D2F1 mice. Such temporal structure profoundly
      affects the in vitro susceptibility of myeloid precursors for the anticancer
      agent, 4'-O-tetrahydropyranyl adriamycin. These results account in part for the
      large-amplitude circadian rhythms that characterize host tolerance for
      chemotherapy. They also provide evidence that the time of bone marrow sampling
      from a donor may influence its engraftment into the recipient.

PMID- 3402558
TI  - The ultrastructure of hematopoietic stroma on cellulose ester membranes implanted
      intraperitoneally into Sl/Sld and Sl+/Sl+ mice.
AB  - The structural features of hematopoietic stromal elements forming on cellulose
      ester membranes (CEM) implanted intraperitoneally into hematopoietically
      impaired, anemic Sl/Sld mice and their normal Sl+/Sl+ littermates were compared
      by combined light and electron microscopy. The generally thicker, multilayered
      stroma lining the Sl+/Sl+ CEM implants developed from a bed--a syncytium--of
      large, highly pleomorphic macrophage-type lining cells whose filopodial
      extensions exhibited extensive interactions (i.e., nurse cell interactions) with
      both stromal and hematopoietic elements. In contrast, the thinner stromal layers
      lining the CEM of Sl/Sld mice formed from a base of dysplastic lining elements.
      These CEM-lining macrophage-type cells had much reduced cytoplasmic volumes, less
      extensive interactive surface projections, and an absence of select types of
      cytoplasmic organelles (e.g., membrane-bound crystalline inclusions). These
      observations suggest that the reduction of cell layering and, in turn,
      hematopoietic support activity, is due to an impaired interactive capacity of
      these elemental lining cells, i.e., pleomorphic macrophagic cell types, in the
      hematopoietically impaired strain of Sl/Sld mice.

PMID- 3402559
TI  - Xenografting of fetal mouse hippocampal tissue to the brain of adult rats:
      effects of cyclosporin A treatment.
AB  - This study examines the effect of the immunosuppressive drug Cyclosporin A (CyA)
      on the survival and differentiation of solid grafts of fetal (E16-17) mouse
      hippocampi transplanted to the brain of adult rats. The CyA was given as daily
      subcutaneous injections of 20 mg/kg from the day before transplantation with
      reduction of the dose to 15 mg/kg after 14 days. Five weeks after transplantation
      neuron containing xenografts were recovered in 11 out of 17 CyA-treated
      recipients (65%). After 8 weeks 9 out of 21 grafts were found (43%). In the
      control groups, treated only with the vehicle olive oil, 8 out of 14 xenografts
      were recovered after 5 weeks survival (36%) and only 3 out of 17 after 8 weeks
      (18%). All xenografts were infiltrated with mononuclear lymphocytic-like cells,
      but the infiltration was least extensive and least dense in the CyA treated
      animals. An observed correlation between this cellular infiltration and the
      gliosis in the xenografts suggested that CyA also directly or indirectly
      influenced the glial reaction. Most surviving xenografts were located next to the
      lateral ventricles or the choroid fissure. They were organotypically organized
      with identifyable cell and neuropil layers, and their connectional organization
      was similar to rat and mouse allografts grafted to adult recipients. In the
      absence of major extrinsic afferents the intrinsic pathways observed with Timm
      staining had reorganized according to known principles for aberrant growth and
      collateral sprouting. Ingrowth of extrinsic host afferents was only demonstrated
      for AChE positive host fibers. We conclude that CyA treatment of adult rat
      recipients can increase the survival of intracerebral fetal mouse hippocampal
      xenografts and reduce the histological signs of rejection. Xenografting combined
      with CyA treatment thereby permits the use of a wider spectrum of donor neurons
      for studies of neuronal interaction and repair.

PMID- 3402560
TI  - Opiate binding differentially associated with oxytocin and vasopressin nerve
      endings from porcine neurohypophyses.
AB  - We examined opioid binding in fractions with disconnected nerve endings
      (secretosomes) which were prepared from porcine neurohypophyses by centrifugation
      in a discontinuous Percoll gradient. Specific (= displaceable) binding was
      observed with 3H-etorphine and with 3H-diprenorphine, two ligands with low
      selectivity for distinct opiate receptor subclasses. No displaceable binding was
      found with the prototypic mu- and delta-ligands 3H-dihydromorphine and 3H-(D-Ala,
      D-Leu) enkephalin. Displacement of 3H-diprenorphine binding was almost absent
      with the selective mu- and delta-ligands morphiceptin and ICI-174864. Partial
      displacement occurred with the selective kappa-ligand U-50488 and with dynorphin.
      Binding of 3H-etorphine was stereo-specific. 3H-diprenorphine binding was
      saturable with a KD between 2 and 4 nM. Maximum of opiate binding activity was
      detected in the fractions with accumulated secretosomes. By autoradiography
      specific 3H-diprenorphine binding is shown to be mainly associated with
      secretosomes. In imunocytochemical preparations an oxytocin antibody was
      immunoreactive in 85% of the secretosomes in the fraction with highest opiate
      binding. These fractions in radioimmunoassays exhibited the largest contents in
      oxytocin and low vasopressin levels. The data therefore suggest that in the
      porcine neurohypophysis opioid binding sites of the kappa-type occur in secretory
      endings presumably of the oxytocin type.

PMID- 3402561
TI  - Excitability changes of ankle extensor group Ia and Ib fibers during fictive
      locomotion in the cat.
AB  - The present study examines the modulation of gastrocnemius-soleus (GS)
      monosynaptic reflexes as well as the intraspinal threshold changes of GS group I
      primary afferent terminals ending in the intermediate and motor nuclei during
      fictive locomotion in high decerebrate cats. The amplitude of the monosynaptic
      reflexes (MSR's) evoked in the medial gastrocnemius by stimulation of the lateral
      gastrocnemius nerve was increased during the extensor (E) phase, decreased during
      the flexion (F) phase of the step cycle and remained transiently increased after
      spontaneous episodes of fictive stepping. The intraspinal threshold of
      populations and of single group Ia GS afferent fibers ending in the motor pool,
      as well as of single Ia and Ib fibers ending in the intermediate nucleus, showed
      a sustained reduction during the episodes of fictive locomotion with superimposed
      cyclic changes in phase with the step cycle. During fictive walking and trotting
      the reduction of the intraspinal threshold of both Ia and Ib fiber terminals was
      maximal during the middle or late portion of the F-phase. During fictive gallop
      elicited by stimulation of the superficial peroneus nerve, the decrease in the
      intraspinal threshold of the Ia afferent fibers occurred however in phase with
      the activity of the GS motoneurons. During episodes of fictive locomotion slow,
      sustained negative DC potential shifts lasting tents of seconds, reflecting an
      increase in the extracellular potassium concentration were recorded at the base
      of the dorsal horn and in the intermediate nucleus. The present findings support
      the existence of tonic and phasic depolarization of the intraspinal terminals of
      GS group Ia and Ib primary afferents during spontaneous fictive locomotion. It is
      suggested that accumulation of potassium ions in the extracellular space
      contributes mainly to the sustained depolarization of group I fibers. The phasic
      depolarization would be mostly due to the activation of specific sets of
      interneurons and may, in the case of Ia fibers, contribute to the cyclic
      modulation of the MRS elicited during fictive locomotion.

PMID- 3402562
TI  - Bilateral receptive fields of cells in rat Sm1 cortex.
AB  - Single cells in the primary somatosensory (Sm1) cortex were investigated for
      responses to bilateral hindpaw stimulation in Wistar rats anaesthetised by
      continuous intravenous administration of Althesin. Fifty-one percent of cells
      sampled (N = 134) responded to equivalent punctate mechanical stimuli delivered
      to both the contralateral and ipsilateral hindpaws under light anaesthesia. The
      distribution by cortical depth of cells with receptive fields (RFs) on both
      hindpaws was not significantly different from cells which had only contralateral
      RFs. No cell was found with a purely ipsilateral RF. For 86% of cells tested (N =
      44) the ipsilateral RF was partly or completely homologous with areas within the
      contralateral RF. The sizes of ipsilateral RFs were smaller on 66% of occasions
      when tested against their contralateral RFs. Modal latencies to ipsilateral
      mechanical stimulation were longer than to contralateral stimulation (34.1 +/-
      9.1 ms (S.D) cf. 26.4 +/- 7.2 ms, N = 44). Ipsilateral RFs were lost for 77% of
      cells tested following a 33% increase in anaesthetic infusion rate. Conditioning
      mechanical stimuli applied to the centre receptive field (CRF) on the ipsilateral
      hindpaw reduced or abolished a cell's responses to equivalent test stimuli
      applied to it's contralateral CRF with C-T intervals of 20-200 ms. Conditioning
      stimuli applied to the CRF contralateral to the cell reduced or abolished
      responses to test stimuli on the cell's ipsilateral CRF using C-T intervals of 0
      900 ms. Responses in one cortex to stimulation of the ipsilateral hindpaw were
      unaffected by elimination of responses from the same hindpaw in the opposite
      contralateral Sm1 cortex, where responses had been suppressed by topical
      Lignocaine administration. Retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase from
      hindpaw Sm1 cortex labelled many cells in homolateral thalamus, but failed to
      label cells in the entire forebrain contralateral to the injection site. It is
      concluded that direct crossed thalamo-cortical and callosal Sm1-Sm1 pathways do
      not contribute to the production of hindpaw ipsilateral receptive fields.

PMID- 3402563
TI  - Axonal trajectories of posterior canal-activated secondary vestibular neurons and
      their coactivation of extraocular and neck flexor motoneurons in the cat.
AB  - Unit activities of 148 secondary vestibular neurons related to the posterior
      semicircular canal were recorded extracellularly in anesthetized cats. Axonal
      projections of these neurons were examined by their antidromic responses to
      stimulation of the excitatory target motoneurons of the contralateral (c-)
      inferior rectus muscle (IR) and bilateral (bi-) motoneuron pools of longus
      capitis muscles, neck flexors, in the C1 segment (C1LC). The neurons were
      classified into 4 groups according to their axonal projections. The first group
      of neurons, termed vestibulo-oculo-collic (VOC) neurons, sent axon collaterals
      both to the c-IR motoneuron pool and to the c-C1LC motoneuron pool. The majority
      of them (72%) were located in the descending nucleus. The second group of neurons
      were termed vestibuloocular (VO) neurons and sent their axons to the c-IR
      motoneuron pool but not to the cervical cord. Most of them (86%) were located in
      the medial nucleus. The third group of neurons, termed vestibulo-collic
      (contralateral) (VCc) neurons, sent axons to the c-C1LC motoneuron pool via the
      contralateral ventral funiculus but not to the oculomotor nuclei. They were
      mostly (75%) found in the descending nucleus. The last group of neurons were
      vestibulo-collic (ipsilateral) (VCi) neurons, which gave off axons to the
      ipsilateral (i-) C1LC motoneuron pool via the ipsilateral ventral funiculus but
      not to the oculomotor nuclei. One of them also sent an axon collateral to the c
      C1LC motoneuron pool. The majority of them (74%) were located in the ventral part
      of the lateral nucleus. It was also observed in some of the VOC and VCi neurons
      that they produced unitary EPSPs in the c-C1LC and i-C1LC motoneurons,
      respectively. Their synaptic sites were estimated to be on the cell somata and/or
      proximal dendrites of the motoneurons.

PMID- 3402565
TI  - Memory related motor planning activity in posterior parietal cortex of macaque.
AB  - Unit recording studies in the lateral bank of the intraparietal cortex (area LIP)
      have demonstrated a response property not previously reported in posterior
      cortex. Studies were performed in the Rhesus monkey during tasks which required
      saccadic eye movements to remembered target locations in the dark. Neurons were
      found which remained active during the time period for which the monkey had to
      withhold eye movements while remembering desired target locations. The activity
      of the cells was tuned for eye movements of specific direction and amplitude, and
      it was not necessary for a visual stimulus to fall within the response field. The
      responses appeared to represent a memory-related motor-planning signal encoding
      motor error. The relation of the activity to the behavior of the animal suggests
      that the response represents the intent to make eye movements of specific
      direction and amplitude.

PMID- 3402567
TI  - Changes in cortical field potentials associated with learning processes of audio
      initiated hand movements in monkeys.
AB  - Field potentials on the surface and at a depth of 2.0-3.0 mm in the cerebral
      cortex were recorded with chronically implanted electrodes in various areas of a
      monkey. The potentials associated with movements in response to auditory stimuli
      (audio-initiated hand movement) were observed during the learning process of the
      movement. The monkey had to lift a lever by wrist extension within the duration
      of the stimulus (tone of 1000 Hz) lasting for about 900, 700 or 500 ms depending
      on the stage of the learning process. On the first training day, potentials
      appeared in the primary auditory, auditory association, prefrontal and premotor
      cortices of a naive monkey. The potentials of the auditory association,
      prefrontal and premotor cortices became less marked on the next and following
      days. After a few weeks of training, the potential of the auditory association
      cortex started to increase again, while the monkey still lifted the lever
      randomly. When the potential of the auditory association cortex grew to a certain
      extent, the monkey began to respond to the stimulus with the movement, and
      potentials appeared in the motor cortex in response to the auditory stimulus.
      After this process, the potentials in the auditory association and motor cortices
      gradually increased with further training, and the movement became shorter and
      less variable in reaction time. The potential in the motor cortex was shown to be
      mediated by the neocerebellum and superficial thalamo-cortical
      projection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3402564
TI  - Human fetal dopamine neurons grafted in a rat model of Parkinson's disease:
      immunological aspects, spontaneous and drug-induced behaviour, and dopamine
      release.
AB  - We have used a rat model of Parkinson's disease (PD) to address issues of
      importance for a future clinical application of dopamine (DA) neuron grafting in
      patients with PD. Human mesencephalic DA neurons, obtained from 6.5-8 week old
      fetuses, were found to survive intracerebral cell suspension xenografting to the
      striatum of rats immunosuppressed with Cyclosporin A. The grafts produced an
      extensive new DA-containing terminal network in the previously denervated caudate
      putamen, and they normalized amphetamine-induced, apomorphine-induced and
      spontaneous motor asymmetry in rats with unilateral lesions of the mesostriatal
      DA pathway. Grafts from an 11.5-week old donor exhibited a lower survival rate
      and smaller functional effects. As assessed with the intracerebral dialysis
      technique the grafted DA neurons were found to restore spontaneous DA release in
      the reinnervated host striatum to normal levels. The neurons responded with large
      increases in extracellular striatal DA levels after the intrastriatal
      administration of the DA-releasing agent d-amphetamine and the DA-reuptake
      blocker nomifensine, although not to the same extent as seen in striata with an
      intact mesostriatal DA system. DA fiber outgrowth from the grafts was dependent
      on the localization of the graft tissue. Thus, grafts located within the striatum
      gave rise to an extensive axonal network throughout the whole host striatum,
      whereas grafted DA neurons localized in the neocortex had their outgrowing fibers
      confined within the grafts themselves. In contrast to the good graft survival and
      behavioural effects obtained in immunosuppressed rats, there was no survival, or
      behavioural effects, of human DA neurons implanted in rats that did not receive
      immunosuppression. In addition, we found that all the graft recipients were
      immunized, having formed antibodies against antigens present on human T-cells.
      This supports the notion that the human neurons grafted to the non
      immunosuppressed rats underwent immunological rejection. Based on an estimation
      of the survival rate and extent of fiber outgrowth from the grafted human fetal
      DA neurons, we suggest that DA neurons that can be obtained from one fetus may be
      sufficient to restore significant DA neurotransmission unilaterally, in one
      putamen, in an immunosuppressed PD patient.

PMID- 3402566
TI  - Localization of neurotensin-like immunoreactive amacrine cells in the larval
      tiger salamander retina.
AB  - Light microscopic immunocytochemistry was used to localize the populations of NT
      like immunoreactive amacrine cells in the larval tiger salamander retina. Seventy
      nine percent of NT-immunostained cells observed in transverse cryo-prepared
      sections were classified as Type 1 amacrine cells. Another 6% were classified as
      Type 2 amacrine cells, while 15% of the NT-cells had their cell bodies situated
      in the ganglion cell layer and were tentatively designated as displaced amacrine
      cells. Each type of NT-like immunoreactive cell was observed in the central and
      peripheral retina. NT-immunostained processes were observed to ramify in
      sublayers 3 and 5 of the inner plexiform layer. An examination of retinal whole
      mounts revealed that NT-amacrine cells were distributed throughout the center and
      periphery of the retina at a density of 82 +/- 24 cells/mm2. The dendritic fields
      of NT-immunostained amacrine and displayed amacrine cells were observed to be
      either symmetrically or asymmetrically distributed about their somas. Symmetrical
      dendritic fields were generally oval-shaped and ranged in diameter from 250 to
      500 micron (major axis) by 150 to 250 micron (minor axis). Asymmetrical dendritic
      fields were observed to encompass one-half or less of an imaginary circle
      surrounding their soma of origin and were orientated in all directions. The
      processes forming asymmetrical dendritic fields ranged from 75 to 260 micron in
      length. Furthermore, partial overlap was often observed between the dendritic
      fields of adjacent NT-amacrine cells.

PMID- 3402568
TI  - Transient and sustained responses in four extrastriate visual areas of the owl
      monkey.
AB  - Single neuron responses to stationary flashed bars were recorded from four
      extrastriate visual areas in the owl monkey: the middle temporal area (MT), the
      dorsal lateral area (DL), the dorsal medial area (DM), and the medial area (M).
      Data were collected at the optimum bar size and orientation for each cell. Each
      post-stimulus histogram was normalized to its maximum bin height. A cumulative
      histogram was produced for each area by adding together all the corresponding
      cell histograms. The cumulative histograms reveal a short latency, transient
      component and a longer latency, sustained component to the response for each of
      the areas. In all four areas there was a strong response, but the sustained
      component was much larger in DL and DM than in MT or M. The transient response in
      DL had a much longer latency than in the other areas. The dichotomy between areas
      which are slow-sustained responding and areas which are fast-transient responding
      is similar to the differences found between the magnocellular and parvocellular
      pathways.

PMID- 3402569
TI  - The periphery effect in cat retinal ganglion cells: variation with functional
      class and eccentricity.
AB  - We have studied the responses of ganglion cells of the cat retina to visual
      stimulation remote from the center of their receptive field. Following previous
      work, this response is termed the periphery effect (PE). Cells were identified as
      Y-, X- or W-class from the latency of their response to optic chiasm stimulation
      and from their receptive field properties. The strength of the PE elicited by a
      rotating windmill or counterphased grating stimulus was measured for ganglion
      cells of all major classes. The PE was consistently stronger in Y- than in X
      cells, and the strength of the effect in both X- and Y-cells increased
      significantly with retinal eccentricity. A PE was elicited from about 47% of W
      cells studied. In some (36%) the effect was excitatory, as for X- and Y-cells; in
      others (11%) it was inhibitory. Despite this heterogeneity, the PE in W-cells
      increased significantly with eccentricity. These variations of the PE with
      eccentricity and cell class have implications for the circuitry of the inner
      plexiform layer.

PMID- 3402570
TI  - Enucleation enhances ipsilateral flash evoked responses in the ectostriatum of
      the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata castanotis Gould).
AB  - The tectofugal pathway in birds has been reported to process primarily
      information from the contralateral eye. Although this pathway has access to the
      contralateral hemisphere by various connections, electrophysiological recordings
      up to now have failed to demonstrate any excitatory influence of visual
      stimulation in the higher stations of this pathway. This study is the first to
      demonstrate an excitatory projection from the ipsilateral eye to the
      telencephalic projection area of the tectofugal pathway by recordings of visually
      evoked potentials in the ectostriatum. The excitatory projection probably leads
      from the eye to the contralateral tectum opticum, then recrosses back to the
      nucleus rotundus of the ipsilateral side where it reaches the ectostriatum. In
      normal birds, the ipsilateral stimulus responses in the ectostriatum are smaller
      in amplitude and have a longer latency than responses to contralateral stimuli.
      In unilaterally enucleated birds, the ipsilateral response is enhanced in the
      ectostriatum and can be detected in the nucleus rotundus, too. The results
      suggest that in normal birds the ipsilateral response is inhibited to a high
      degree by spontaneous activity of the contralateral eye. Possibly, this
      counterbalanced inhibition provides a mechanism for weighting information from
      the left and right eye field in order to ensure adequate processing of stimuli.

PMID- 3402571
TI  - Physiological studies on the feedback connection to the striate cortex from
      cortical areas 18 and 19 of the cat.
AB  - The functional characteristics of the feedback connections from areas 18 and 19
      to area 17 in the cat have been examined with electrophysiological techniques.
      The experiments involved single unit recording in laminae 2 and 3 of area 17
      while stimulating electrically a small region of area 18 or 19. It was found that
      a precise retinotopic correspondence between the sites of recording and
      stimulation was necessary before neurons of area 17 could be activated by
      electrical stimulation in extrastriate areas. Latencies were long compared to
      those obtained after stimulation of the optic radiation. The mean latency for
      orthodromic drive from area 19 was 10.4 ms and 6.1 ms from area 18, suggesting
      that the conduction velocities in these pathways are of the order of 1 m/s. The
      jitter of the latency after repeated orthodromic stimulation was often shorter
      than 0.3 ms, indicating that a large number of the sampled neurons received a
      direct drive from area 18 or from area 19. The functional properties of neurons
      driven from area 19 were different from those of cells driven from area 18. Thus,
      most striate neurons orthodromically driven from area 19 were of the SH and S
      type whereas the cells activated by area 18 stimulation belonged to the C and B
      categories.

PMID- 3402572
TI  - Left frontal lobe in verbal associative learning: a slow potential study.
AB  - In the present experiment pairs of words had to be memorized. The words were
      either meaningful or meaningless. The experimental design compares conditions of
      preestablished learning (L-) with active learning (L+). The effects of these two
      factors, "semantic content (S)" and "learning (L)", on the slow potential shifts
      accompanying presentation and processing of the verbal material were tested. In
      the memorizing tasks, the two words were given in a fixed temporal sequence. A
      slow negative potential shift having a maximum in parietal leads emerged within
      the inter-stimulus-interval. Its amplitudes were larger in the learning tasks
      (L+) than in conditions of pre-established learning (L-). This difference of
      amplitudes may reflect different levels of attention: In L-, the second word
      could be anticipated, but not in the L+ tasks. After the presentation of the
      second item, learning tasks (L+) were characterized by a slow negative potential
      shift in the recordings of the left dorso-lateral frontal lobe. It is assumed
      that this potential shift may indicate an importance of the left frontal lobe in
      the elaborative encoding of verbal material.

PMID- 3402573
TI  - An outbreak of Trichophyton tonsurans dermatophytosis in a chronic care
      institution for the elderly.
AB  - A nosocomial outbreak of dermatophytosis caused by Trichophyton tonsurans var.
      sulfureum subvar. perforans is reported in a nursing home for the elderly. The
      outbreak affected six residents and persisted for nine months despite remedial
      medical and sanitary measures. In a survey designed to determine the potential
      role of fomites in disease transmission, 129 environmental sites were sampled. A
      high proportion (22.3%) of the samples yielded T. tonsurans, including samples
      from beds, floors, and washroom facilities. Methods for the control of
      dermatophyte outbreaks in chronic care institutions are discussed.

PMID- 3402574
TI  - Susceptibility of clinical isolates of Campylobacter pylori to 24 antimicrobial
      and anti-ulcer agents.
AB  - Forty-nine isolates of Campylobacter pylori were tested for their susceptibility
      to twenty antibiotics and four anti-ulcer agents by an agar dilution technique.
      Penicillin and amoxycillin were the most active drugs (MIC90, 0.06 microgram/ml);
      erythromycin, cefazolin, minocycline, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and gentamicin
      were slightly less active (MIC90, less than or equal to 1 microgram/ml). Moderate
      activity was found for doxycyclin, rifampin, nitrofurantoin, norfloxacin,
      pefloxacin, enoxacin, paromomycin, metronidazole and tinidazole. All strains were
      resistant to trimethoprim (MIC greater than 512 micrograms/ml). Nalidixic acid
      (MIC90, greater than 256 micrograms/ml) and colistin (MIC90, greater than 64
      micrograms/ml) had little to no activity. Of four anti-ulcer drugs, only bismuth
      subcitrate showed activity (MIC90, 64 micrograms/ml). Strains resistant to all 4
      quinolones were found in patients who had previously received ofloxacin as part
      of a clinical trial aimed at eradication of C. pylori. These isolates remained
      susceptible to amoxycillin, tetracyclines and to other classes of antibiotics.

PMID- 3402575
TI  - Memorandum on the infections hazards of the common communion cup with especial
      reference to AIDS.
AB  - Bacteriological studies on the communion cup have shown that there is a low level
      of contamination with mouth organisms on the rim. The death rate of bacteria on
      the cup surface would not be significant, but the wine had a bactericidal effect
      on most but not all organisms tested. However droplets of saliva did not readily
      mix with the wine. In considering the spread of AIDS, extensive studies of people
      infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in hospital or at home have
      shown that the established routes of spread are the injection of blood or blood
      products, sexual intercourse or at birth. There are only very rare examples of
      spread by other means. The virus is rarely isolated from the saliva and a study
      of homosexuals indulging in oral sexual intercourse suggests that it is very
      poorly infectious when taken into the mouth or swallowed. It is concluded that
      the risk of transmission of HIV by the common communion cup can be neglected
      under ordinary circumstances. Suggestions are made for improving the hygiene of
      the communion service which may be useful under special circumstances: there is
      no evidence that disease is spread in this way under normal conditions.

PMID- 3402576
TI  - Policies for immunization against rubella in European countries.
AB  - In 1986 a survey on immunization policies against rubella was conducted in 17
      European countries. A questionnaire was sent to each Ministry of Health and
      selected practitioners, requesting information on official policy for vaccination
      against rubella, level of policy decision, immunization strategy, target groups,
      current recommendations for vaccination, measures taken to facilitate vaccine
      uptake, vaccine strains used and legislation concerning abortion. A policy for
      the prevention of congenital rubella is explicitly defined in 16 countries (in 12
      at a national level, in 3 at a regional level and in one at both levels). In
      Greece only, no official policy has been defined, although the practice is to
      vaccinate infants over 15 months of age and girls by 9-11 years of age. There are
      3 countries maintaining the selective strategy of vaccinating teenage girls, but
      in 8 countries this strategy changed to a mass vaccination of young infants. In 5
      other countries an approach combining both mass immunization and selective
      vaccination is adopted. This situation of different strategies between countries
      in Europe could have a deleterious effect for young migrants or travelling
      pregnant women and could reduce the effectiveness of programmes for prevention of
      congenital rubella syndrome. Harmonization of immunization policies and of
      recommendations for vaccine administration is advisable. The mass vaccination of
      all young children combined with systematic revaccination either of all children
      or of teenage girls is probably the most effective approach for elimination of
      congenital rubella syndrome in Europe.

PMID- 3402577
TI  - Delta hepatitis virus infection in Ethiopia.
AB  - The results of Hepatitis Delta virus (HDV) antibody determinations carried on 566
      HBsAg positive serum samples from a population of 5270 Ethiopian military
      recruits are reported. The prevalence of anti-HDV among apparently healthy HBsAg
      carriers was 5.8%. The prevalence increases with age within the available range
      (18-30 years). Differences might exist by area of origin and ethnic groups. The
      distributions of HBV markers was similar in anti HDV positive and anti HDV
      negative individuals, possibly due to the relatively young age of the population
      and/or the hyperendemic condition of the area.

PMID- 3402578
TI  - Comprehensive pediatric primary care vs traditional care in an Israeli
      population: their influence on pediatric emergency room use and hospitalization.
AB  - Emergency room (ER) utilization and hospitalization were studied as indicators of
      the impact of improvements in pediatric primary care services in an Israeli
      development town, Ofakim, population 12,000. One of the two pediatric services
      was upgraded in 1976 through the introduction of pediatric faculty, integration
      of preventive and curative services and conversion of the medical records to a
      problem-oriented format ("experimental" clinic "B"). The primary care system
      remained unchanged in the second clinic ("traditional" clinic "A"). During 1980,
      ER utilization by the "B" clinic population was 9.3/100 compared with 17.6/100
      for the "A" clinic population. Fifty two percent of the "B" clinic population
      patients reaching the ER were hospitalized compared with 25% of "A" clinic
      patients. The lower ER utilization rate represents a significant saving for the
      health services, and educational interventions are suggested from the study.
      Analysis of ER utilization data seems to offer useful information for overall
      planning and monitoring of ambulatory services for a community.

PMID- 3402579
TI  - Serum thiocyanate levels as an objective measure of smoking habits in
      epidemiological studies.
AB  - The relationship between smoking habits and plasma thiocyanate levels has been
      evaluated in four adult samples of the general population containing men and
      women aged 20-84 and in a sample of 11-year-old non-smoking children of both
      sexes, for a total of 7577 individuals. Mean levels of plasma thiocyanate was
      found be approximately 20 mumol/l in children, 30 mumol/l in non-smoking adults
      and increasingly higher in smoking adults. The slopes of the regression equations
      of thiocyanate on cigarettes smoked per day range from 3.041 to 5.740, with
      correlation coefficients of from 0.638 to 0.809. In another occupational sample
      of 2802 men aged 46 to 65, where the correlation coefficient (between cigarette
      consumption and thiocyanate) was only 0.49, plasma thiocyanate was a better
      predictor of 4 year fatal events than cigarette consumption, 4 other covariates
      being considered in the same multivariate model.

PMID- 3402580
TI  - An outbreak of cholera in a refugee camp in Africa.
AB  - A total of 541 cases of cholera were observed between May 7 and July 19, 1985
      among the 9,929 displaced persons present in a refugee camp in Africa. In spite
      of malnutrition and other diseases affecting this population, only 12 deaths
      occurred. Antiepidemic measures consisted of preparation of isolation-wards,
      treatment of contaminated materials, training of refugees and patient care. Mass
      prophylaxis, initially considered, was dropped before the end of the epidemic.

PMID- 3402581
TI  - The incubation time of relapses after treatment of multibacillary leprosy with
      rifampicin containing regimens.
AB  - In order to determine the duration of follow-up needed to evaluate the efficacy
      of short-course bactericidal regimens for multibacillary leprosy, information is
      needed on the incubation time of relapses after stopping treatment. Several
      groups of patients, who had been on rifampicin-containing regimens, were followed
      up for periods ranging from 4 to 10 years. Two groups of relapses were observed:
      early relapses occurring within 3.5 years after stopping treatment, with a median
      incubation time of 1 year and 10 months (upper limit of 95% confidence interval:
      2 years); and late relapses occurring more than 3.5 years after stopping
      treatment, with a median incubation of 5 years. Early relapses are probably due
      to insufficient treatment, and late relapses to persisting bacilli or to
      reinfection. It is concluded that the efficacy of short-course RMP-containing
      therapeutic regimens can be evaluated by observing the occurrence of early
      relapses, 50% of which occur before 2 years after the end of therapy.

PMID- 3402583
TI  - A study of immunogold-labelled blood group A erythrocytes in the scanning
      electron microscope.
AB  - This report presents binding patterns on A1, A2, A3, Ax and Ae1 erythrocytes of a
      monoclonal anti-A (A 003) antibody which reacts predominantly with difucosylated
      A oligosaccharides, visualized with colloidal gold particles in the backscattered
      electron imaging mode of a scanning electron microscope. A relatively weak
      labelling was found on most A1 cells, while the labelling in subgroups A2, A3 and
      especially Ax appeared relatively stronger. Very few Ae1 cells were labelled. The
      results emphasize the qualitative uniqueness of A1 and suggest that many Ax cells
      have high proportions of difucosylated A oligosaccharides. Labelling variations
      were found between different A3 and Ax traits, and in all subgroups between cells
      and even between different parts of the cells. No immunolabelling differences
      were found in relation to secretor status.

PMID- 3402584
TI  - Streptokinase and reduced plasma viscosity: a second benefit.
AB  - The purpose of this pilot study on a small cohort of patients (n = 13) with acute
      myocardial infarction receiving systemic streptokinase (STK) thrombolytic therapy
      was to measure the decrease in plasma viscosity concomitant with fibrinogen
      depletion. The treatment group was compared with a similar control group not
      given thrombolytic therapy. Serial relevant blood studies were undertaken in both
      groups for a period of 6 d. In the treatment group, a maximum reduction in plasma
      viscosity of 17 +/- 9% (mean +/- S.D.) was achieved during the first 24 h. Plasma
      viscosity remained below baseline for the 6-d duration of the study. Conversely,
      in the control group, the plasma viscosity rose to a maximum of 19 +/- 14% (mean
      +/- S.D.) over the period of study, paralleling the rise in plasma fibrinogen as
      an acute-phase reactant. Correlation studies between viscosity and plasma
      fibrinogen were strongly positive with mean values of r of 0.74 and 0.66 in the
      STK-treated group and controls, respectively. We conclude that the benefit of
      systemic STK treatment may in part be due to reduced myocardial workload and
      oxygen consumption at a critical time, and improved microvascular circulation,
      consequent on reduced plasma viscosity.

PMID- 3402585
TI  - Effects of platelet activating factor (PAF) on human citrated whole blood.
AB  - Effects of PAF on citrated whole blood (C-WB) from 38 healthy donors have been
      studied by impedance aggregometry and by morphologic examination of blood cells
      using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. In the aggregometer, the C
      WB samples showed distinct differences in PAF sensitivity. C-WB specimens from
      high responders (= 15 donors) displayed a dose-related response to PAF
      stimulation but those from low responders (= 23 donors) did not indicate an
      impedance alteration even after the addition of high PAF doses (greater than or
      equal to 10(-6) mol/l). Morphologic studies revealed shape-changed platelets and
      primary aggregates in all C-WB samples, whereas secondary aggregates occurred
      only in C-WB specimens from high responders. Monocytes and neutrophil PMNs showed
      typical morphologic alterations which were observed in PAF-stimulated C-WB
      samples from all donors. Both cell types appeared polarized in shape and
      exhibited large vacuoles in the cytoplasm after PAF activation. In addition,
      monocytes came into close contact with shape-changed platelets as well as primary
      and secondary aggregates, whereas PMNs had no special relationship to single or
      aggregated platelets. In summary, our study indicates that PAF acts on different
      cell types in C-WB including platelets, monocytes and PMNs. The sensitivity of
      platelets against PAF stimulation appears to vary between different donors and in
      certain cases seems to be limited to the formation of primary aggregates.

PMID- 3402582
TI  - Pneumococcal bacteremia in cancer patients.
AB  - Twenty-eight episodes of Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteremia occurring in 27
      cancer patients hospitalized in the Institut Jules Bordet between July 1979 and
      April 1985 were reviewed. Ten patients had hematological malignancies and 17 had
      solid tumors (in 7 cases, of the lung). Forty-four per cent of the patients were
      neutropenic (less than 1000/microliters) and 36% of the patients were in septic
      shock. In 36% of the patients no clinical source of S. pneumoniae bacteremia
      could be found. Seventy-nine (21% patients) received empirical antibiotic
      treatment containing a beta-lactam. Two patients who did not receive any
      empirical treatment died within 12 hours. Overall, 11/27 patients died within the
      first week, and 8/27 died within the first three days. Mortality in neutropenic
      patients was not different from that in non-neutropenic patients. In comparison
      with a similar study performed previously in our institution, there was no
      difference in incidence, type of patient, source of bacteremia, or mortality.

PMID- 3402586
TI  - Lactoferrin-mediated transfer of iron to intracellular ferritin in human
      monocytes.
AB  - Interactions of 125I-59Fe-lactoferrin with human monocytes were studied. After 4
      hours of incubation, the uptake of 59Fe exceeded that of 125I. In dissociation
      studies the cellular 59Fe-activity was only partly dissociable during 16 h,
      whereas the 125I-activity could be released nearly completely. Disruption of the
      cells and studies on the cytosolic phase were performed employing gel-filtration
      and affinity chromatography. An appreciable amount of lactoferrin was found in
      the cytosolic phase. About 50% of the cytosolic 59Fe-activity was bound to
      ferritin. The results suggest that lactoferrin is internalized into monocytes and
      that iron is transferred to ferritin. These cellular events may contribute to an
      understanding of the accumulation of iron in the monocyte/macrophage system
      observed during inflammatory conditions.

PMID- 3402588
TI  - Investigation of nuclear clefts as a prognostic parameter in chronic lymphocytic
      leukemia.
AB  - The importance of cell morphology with respect to the presence or absence of
      nuclear clefts (NC) in peripheral blood lymphocytes has been investigated in 86
      previously untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients. Cleaved cells
      were considered to be present in significant numbers when they exceeded 5% of the
      peripheral blood lymphocytes. On this basis patients could be divided into two
      morphological groups. Age, sex and distribution of stages, as well as mode of
      clinical presentation were alike in the two groups of patients. In contrast,
      lymph node involvement was more frequently encountered in patients with NC
      greater than 5% (p less than 0.01). Both survival and treatment-free period
      probabilities were not statistically correlated to the quantitative changes in
      the percent value of NC. We further confirm that Binet's clinical staging is a
      significant predictor of survival irrespective of NC.

PMID- 3402587
TI  - Critical value of laparotomy with splenectomy in stage III Hodgkin's disease as
      restaging procedure after chemotherapy.
AB  - 38 patients with stage III Hodgkin's disease underwent laparotomy with
      splenectomy as restaging procedure after first line chemotherapy which included
      MOPP, ABVD, or both. 28 patients were judged to be in clinical complete remission
      (CR) and 10 were resistant or had relapsed. Among patients in CR, 27 (96%) were
      confirmed to be in pathological CR; among patients resistant or relapsed, 9 (90%)
      were confirmed to have disease in the abdomen or retroperitoneum. The therapy for
      patients in clinical remission before laparotomy consisted of TNI or sTNI in 19
      patients, mediastinal radiation in 6 patients and no further therapy in the
      remaining 3 patients. No significant differences were seen in survival and
      relapse-free survival between those patients treated by extensive and those
      treated by local radiotherapy or no further therapy. Instead, among those
      patients who received extensive radiotherapy 3 developed acute non-lymphoid
      leukemia (ANLL). The therapy for this group of patients consisted of further
      chemotherapy in 7 who had concomitant liver involvement and TNI in the remaining
      3 who had the disease confined to the spleen and/or lymph nodes. Among these
      patients, only 3 obtained CR; 2 with radiation and 1 who was resistant to MOPP,
      with ABVD. This study leads us to re-consider the role of laparotomy in stage III
      HD which should be used as non-routine procedure only in selected patients
      without poor prognostic factors who may be cured by radiotherapy alone. In
      patients resistant to chemotherapy, an early evaluation of disease in the abdomen
      may be useful for a better salvage treatment.

PMID- 3402589
TI  - Clonal analysis of the response of HL-60 cells to retinoic acid and vitamin D in
      the presence or absence of leukocyte-conditioned medium.
AB  - The capacity of retinoic acid (RA) and vitamin D to induce differentiation of HL
      60 cells in an agar gel system that permits a high cloning efficiency was studied
      in the presence or absence of leukocyte-conditioned medium (LCM). Vitamin D was
      about 10 times more effective in inducing differentiation than RA. LCM
      significantly increased the differentiation-inductive capacity of both vitamins,
      although LCM did not have an effect of its own. During the first days of culture,
      the number of cells per clone increased with either vitamin or LCM alone as
      compared to control cultures. This suggests that cellular proliferation may be
      important in the initial phase of the differentiation induction. No synergy in
      this respect was found between RA and vitamin D in the presence or absence of
      LCM. Thus it is doubtful whether RA and vitamin D have a true synergistic effect
      on individual HL-60 cell differentiation as previously described in liquid
      cultures. Furthermore, the findings suggest that the process of differentiation
      induction regarding the growing cells in agar gel involves an all-or-none
      process. The data may also help elucide the observed relationship between the in
      vitro production of colony stimulating activity and favorable prognosis of AML.

PMID- 3402590
TI  - Reticulocyte crisis after splenectomy: evidence for delayed red cell maturation?
AB  - In whole blood from splenectomized subjects (n = 8) in a steady state an
      increased number of reticulocytes was observed (14.0 +/- 7.8% versus 3.6 +/- 2.4%
      controls: p less than 0.05). Cell fractionation on density showed that
      reticulocytes, as in normals, are more or less confined to the least dense
      fraction; cell fractionation on volume revealed that reticulocytes form a
      heterogeneous cell population with diverging volume, but sharing a low density.
      Immediately after splenectomy (n = 4), a reticulocytosis is observed, mainly
      manifest in the top fractions (262.0 +/- 49.0% versus 40.0 +/- 32.4%
      preoperatively; p less than 0.01). This reticulocytosis is not due to pre- or
      postoperative complications, but is associated with the splenectomy itself and
      probably is the consequence of a delayed, but ultimately occurring red cell
      maturation. The increase of reticulocytes is not accompanied by significant
      alterations in cell morphology, as far as cell volume is concerned.

PMID- 3402591
TI  - Prognostic factors in Hodgkin's disease stage III with special reference to
      tumour burden.
AB  - 143 patients with Hodgkin's disease stage III (65 PS III, 78 CS III) were treated
      with radiotherapy alone (33 patients), combination chemotherapy alone (56
      patients), or radiotherapy plus combination chemotherapy (54 patients). They were
      followed till death or from 7 to 191 months. Prognostic factors including
      treatment, peripheral + intrathoracic tumour burden (assessed by combining tumour
      size in each involved region with number of involved regions), intraabdominal
      tumour burden (assessed by combining size of lymphographically involved lymph
      nodes in each region with number of lymphographically involved regions),
      histologic subtype, B-symptoms, number of involved regions, mediastinal
      involvement, pretreatment ESR, sex, age, laparotomy, and substage were examined
      in multivariate analysis. With regard to disease-free survival, total tumour
      burden (intraabdominal and peripheral + intrathoracic) emerged as the only pre
      treatment factor of independent prognostic significance. With regard to overall
      survival the only factor of independent significance apart from age turned out to
      be intraabdominal tumour burden. The results of the present study thus support
      recently published findings regarding early stage disease to the effect that
      tumour burden is the single most important prognostic factor in Hodgkin's
      disease.

PMID- 3402592
TI  - Selective IgA deficiency in childhood ITP.

PMID- 3402593
TI  - Monensin inhibits the expression of sucrase-isomaltase in Caco-2 cells at the
      mRNA level.
AB  - Using L-[35S]methionine labeling, SDS-PAGE and Northern blot analysis of sucrase
      isomaltase mRNA, two different concentrations of monensin were used to delineate
      in Caco-2 cells the effect of the drug on the conversion of the high mannose to
      the complex form of sucrase-isomaltase from its dual effect on the biosynthesis
      of the enzyme and on the rate of glucose consumption. At 0.1 microM the drug has
      no effect on the rate of glucose consumption and, although it inhibits the
      conversion of the high mannose to the complex form of the enzyme, it has no
      effect on the level of sucrase-isomaltase mRNA and on the amount of
      neosynthesized enzyme. At 1 microM, in addition to its inhibiting effect on the
      maturation of the enzyme, monensin provokes concomitantly an increase in the rate
      of glucose consumption and a decrease in the level of sucrase-isomaltase mRNA and
      in the amount of neosynthesized enzyme. All these effects are reversible within
      48 h after removal of the drug.

PMID- 3402595
TI  - Mitochondrial targeting sequences. Why 'non-amphiphilic' peptides may still be
      amphiphilic.
AB  - The notion that mitochondrial targeting peptides form amphiphilic alpha-helices
      with one apolar and one polar, positively charged face is controversial, since
      some experimental results seem to imply that non-amphiphilic targeting peptides
      can also function as import signals. However, the standard methods used to assess
      the amphiphilicity of a peptide may be misleading, since they do not take the
      flexibility of the amino acid side chains into account. To demonstrate this, we
      have developed a new method for calculating the amphiphilicity of helical
      peptides.

PMID- 3402594
TI  - Three fast myosin heavy chains in adult rat skeletal muscle.
AB  - A new fast myosin heavy chain isoform was electrophoretically detected in adult
      rat skeletal muscles. It was present at high levels in diaphragm and, therefore,
      designated as MHCIId. Appreciable amounts of MHCIId were detected in tongue
      musculature, the extraocular muscles, and in the deep red portions of various
      fast muscles. Its concentration in fast-twitch muscle was greatly increased by
      chronic stimulation.

PMID- 3402597
TI  - Carrier-mediated uptake of L-(+)-lactate in plasma membrane vesicles from rat
      liver.
AB  - Plasma membrane vesicles from rat liver transported L-lactate into the inner
      vesicular space. Kinetic analysis of L-lactate uptake gave a Km value of approx.
      2.9 mM. Selective inhibition was found in a similar pattern to that described for
      the hepatic lactate carrier. L-Lactate transport was enhanced when a pH gradient
      was created across the plasma membrane. Vesicles obtained from fasted rats showed
      a higher uptake of L-lactate than those from fed rats, when incubated with
      physiological concentrations of L-lactate.

PMID- 3402596
TI  - Stereotaxic injection of kainic acid into the striatum of rats induces synthesis
      of mRNA for heat shock protein 70.
AB  - Stereotaxic injection of the excitotoxin kainic acid into the striatum of rats
      has been shown to induce the production of messenger RNA to the 70 kDa heat shock
      protein. This was evident 2 h after injection and was maximal 24 h after
      injection of kainic acid. No change in the level of messenger RNA to beta-actin
      was detected.

PMID- 3402598
TI  - Differences in the organization of adenovirus E1A promoters are not important for
      their full activity.
AB  - The 5'-E1A control regions of adenovirus (Ad) types 2, 3 and 12 were cloned
      upstream from the cat gene. Each serotype was characterized by unique
      organization of the 5'-E1A non-coding region. All three 5'-non-coding E1A regions
      were able to stimulate the cat gene transcription in HeLa cells. Hybrid plasmids
      between Ad2/Ad3 and Ad2/Ad12 revealed the same level of CAT activity as the
      native plasmids but the optimum activity of promoter was achieved only when its
      organization was not modified. These observations suggest that various nuclear
      factors take part in the activation process of each promoter.

PMID- 3402599
TI  - Phenotypic changes in 3T3 cells associated with the change of sphingolipid
      synthesis by a ceramide analog, 2-decanoylamino-3-morpholino-1-phenylpropanol
      (compound RV538).
AB  - A culture of BALB/c 3T3 cells grown in the presence of 40 microM of the ceramide
      analog compound RV538 (2-decanolyamino-3-morpholino-1-phenylpropanol) for several
      passages caused a substantial decrease in the level of all glycosphingolipids and
      an accumulation of ceramide and sphingomyelin. Associated with these chemical
      changes of sphingolipid composition and metabolism, the following phenotypic
      changes were observed: (i) loss of the cobblestone appearance at cell density
      saturation and development of fibroblastic appearance with partial overlapping of
      cells; (ii) reduction of cell growth rate; (iii) enhanced production of lactic
      acid; (iv) enhanced rate of glucose transport; and (v) higher incidence of large
      colony formation with infiltrating appearance in soft agar. Cell morphology
      changes, lactate production, and enhanced sugar uptake were reversed by co
      culturing cells with gangliosides, particularly trisialogangliosides. Thus, these
      phenotypic changes mimicking those of oncogenically transformed cells are closely
      related to the blocked synthesis of glycolipids in these cells, whereas other
      changes may be caused by an accumulation of ceramide and sphingomyelin.

PMID- 3402600
TI  - Primary structure of porcine muscarinic acetylcholine receptor III and antagonist
      binding studies.
AB  - The complete amino acid sequence of porcine muscarinic acetylcholine receptor III
      has been deduced by cloning and sequencing the genomic DNA. The antagonist
      binding properties of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor III expressed from the
      cloned DNA in Xenopus oocytes correspond most closely to those of the
      pharmacologically defined M2 glandular (III) subtype.

PMID- 3402601
TI  - Synthesis of diadenosine 5',5'''-P1,P4-tetraphosphate by organellar and
      cytoplasmic phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetases of Euglena gracilis.
AB  - Purified phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetases present in chloroplasts, mitochondria and
      cytoplasm of green and bleached Euglena gracilis strains, respectively, are able
      to synthesize diadenosine 5',5'''-P1,P4-tetraphosphate (Ap4A). Ap4A synthesis is
      strictly dependent on zinc ions. This is the first evidence that chloroplasts
      should be able to synthesize Ap4A. Synthesis of Ap4A by phenylalanyl-tRNA
      synthetases of the three compartments of a plant cell or by other enzymes such as
      Ap4A phosphorylase is discussed.

PMID- 3402602
TI  - Heme-linked ionization and ligand binding produce identical changes of proximal
      heme stereochemistry in reduced horseradish peroxidase. Evidence for existence of
      two protein conformations.
AB  - The visible and near infrared magnetic circular dichroism spectra of chemically
      reduced horseradish peroxidase at neutral and alkaline pH values and 5-coordinate
      protoheme-(2-methylimidazole) at pH 9.1 were compared at 4.2 K with those of
      photolysis products of their carbon monoxide complexes. From the results obtained
      we concluded that: (i) there are two protein conformations of HRP which determine
      the geometry of the Fe-N(His) bond; (ii) the transition from one conformation
      (heme stereochemistry) to another can be induced by either heme-linked ionization
      or ligand binding; (iii) a trigger mechanism for switching between two
      conformations has to exist.

PMID- 3402603
TI  - NMR-invisible lactate in blood plasma.
AB  - Resonances for lactate are broadened in 500 MHz 1H NMR spectra of human blood
      plasma and only about one-third is visible in Hahn spin-echo spectra. Similar
      effects are observed for some other carboxylate anions. Lactate added to the high
      Mr fraction of plasma can give rise to peaks which are too broad to observe in
      either single-pulse or spin-echo spectra. Addition of agents such as NH4Cl of SDS
      dramatically increases the intensities of lactate peaks. Some glycoproteins
      appear to broaden lactate resonances.

PMID- 3402605
TI  - Cross-linking of collagen CNBr peptides by ozone or UV light.
AB  - Insoluble collagen from rat tail tendon was digested with cyanogen bromide. The
      resultant peptides were dissolved in 0.1% SDS solution and separated by gel
      filtration and gel electrophoresis. Cross-linking occurred in CNBr-cleaved
      peptides when they were exposed to ozone or biologically effective UV (300 nm)
      radiation. The enhancement of a blue fluorescence at 430 nm (excited at 350 nm)
      was found to be associated with oxidized, cross-linked peptides. Polymeric
      peptides, formed in collagen with aging, also exhibited enhanced blue
      fluorescence.

PMID- 3402604
TI  - Proton nuclear magnetic resonance study of the ferrous derivatives of the dimeric
      and tetrameric hemoglobin from the mollusc Scapharca inaequivalvis.
AB  - Proton NMR spectra have been measured for the two hemoglobins from the mollusc
      Scapharca inaequivalvis: HbI, a homodimer, and HbII, a heterotetramer. These
      hemoglobins are endowed with a unique subunit assembly, since the heme carrying E
      and F helices are involved in the major intersubunit contact. In the far
      downfield region of hyperfine-shifted resonances the spectra of HbI and HbII in
      the deoxy state show respectively one (66.7 ppm) and two (67.8 and 63.6 ppm)
      exchangeable signals of the proximal histidine N delta H groups, the resonance
      position being indicative of a significant strain in the iron-imidazole
      interaction. In the hydrogen-bonded proton region, inter- and intrasubunit
      hydrogen-bonded proton signals have been detected for both hemoglobins. Deoxy-HbI
      shows two unique downfield resonances at 11.83 and 11.51 ppm which disappear in
      the oxygenated state, suggesting that the corresponding hydrogen bonds are
      involved in the stabilization of the tertiary and/or quaternary structure of the
      deoxy form. HbII shows even smaller changes in this region upon changes in
      ligation state. These results therefore provide further proof that, at variance
      with the vertebrate hemoglobin tetramer, the unique subunit assembly of these
      proteins is stabilized mainly by hydrophobic interactions.

PMID- 3402606
TI  - Release of clotting factors from photosensitized endothelial cells: a possible
      trigger for blood vessel occlusion by photodynamic therapy.
AB  - Photodynamic treatment of solid tumors results in the occlusion of blood vessels
      in the treated tissue. We hypothesize that this process is triggered by the
      release of one or more clotting factors from the photodamaged endothelial cells.
      Experimental evidence is presented that immediately after photodynamic treatment,
      cultured endothelial cells start releasing clotting factors into the medium in a
      dose range of minimal cytotoxicity.

PMID- 3402607
TI  - Heat-induced changes in the conformation of alpha- and beta-crystallins: unique
      thermal stability of alpha-crystallin.
AB  - Of the crystallin proteins of the lens, the principal subunit of the beta
      crystallin, beta B2 (beta Bp), has been considered to be the only heat-stable
      protein because it does not precipitate upon heating. In our recent
      investigations, however, we have found that the alpha-crystallin from bovine
      lenses is not only heat stable but also does not denature at temperatures up to
      100 degrees C. Using circular dichroism and fluorescence to monitor the
      conformational changes of alpha- and beta B2-crystallins upon heating, we found
      that alpha-crystallin maintains a high degree of structure, whereas the beta B2
      crystallin shows a reversible sigmoidal order-disorder transition at about 58
      degrees C.

PMID- 3402608
TI  - PAF-acether decreases low density lipoprotein degradation and alters lipid
      metabolism in cultured human fibroblasts.
AB  - A 24 h pretreatment of human cultured fibroblasts with PAF-acether (PAF) induced
      a decrease in LDL degradation and a correlative accumulation of undegraded LDL.
      LDL binding was not significantly affected. Sterol and triacylglycerol synthesis
      from sodium acetate was enhanced whereas phospholipid synthesis decreased. Oleic
      acid incorporation into cholesteryl ester was markedly inhibited, whereas
      incorporation into triacylglycerols was increased. A decrease in the percentage
      of phosphatidylcholine and an increase in the percentage of
      phosphatidylethanolamine were found using sodium [32P]orthophosphate as
      precursor. These effects of PAF on LDL and lipid metabolism could be related to
      perturbations in membrane structure characteristics, leading to a delay in LDL
      delivery to lysosomes, and to modification of the activity of some key enzymes of
      lipid metabolism.

PMID- 3402609
TI  - Complete amino acid sequence of a human platelet proteoglycan.
AB  - The primary structure of a human platelet proteoglycan (P.PG) core was
      established by a combination of amino acid sequence analysis and cDNA cloning.
      The deduced 131 amino acid long protein contains eight Ser-Gly repeats. The
      significance of homologies observed between P.PG and promyelocytic leukemia cell
      line proteoglycans is discussed.

PMID- 3402610
TI  - Single cell microspectroscopy reveals that erythrocytes containing hemoglobin S
      retain a 'memory' of previous sickling cycles.
AB  - Red blood cells from patients homozygotes for hemoglobin S (HbS) have been
      studied using a computer-controlled microspectrophotometer, which allows
      measurements of spectra and dynamics to be undertaken in a single erythrocyte.
      Complete photodissociation of HbCO results in polymerization of intracellular
      deoxyhemoglobin S and deformation of the cell. This is associated with a delayed
      optical change, which, for the same cell, was found to be highly reproducible
      between repeated cycles of sickling. Comparison of photographic records and
      absorbance time courses indicates that an erythrocyte, once having undergone a
      photochemically induced sickling event, always deforms along the same axis during
      subsequent cycles. This behaviour implies that the cell retains a 'memory' of its
      previous cycle(s), possibly via slow relaxations of the membrane. In addition,
      rebinding of CO to intracellular hemoglobin was found to be slower if measured
      after deformation of the cell, with possible important implications for the
      pathological mechanism of sickling.

PMID- 3402611
TI  - Tau factor polymers are similar to paired helical filaments of Alzheimer's
      disease.
AB  - Tau factor, upon urea treatment, is able to polymerize in vitro. These polymers
      are composed of tau factor as shown by immunogold staining. The structure of tau
      polymers is very similar to that of paired helical filaments (PHFs) of
      Alzheimer's disease in their dimensions as well as in their periodicity. Metal
      shadowing of both polymers shows a similar twisting. Also, similar peptide maps
      were found for tau factor and a 33 kDa protein that is the main component of our
      PHF preparations.

PMID- 3402612
TI  - Correlation between the distribution of the reversing factor and eukaryotic
      initiation factor 2 in heme-deficient or double-stranded RNA-inhibited
      reticulocyte lysates.
AB  - The recycling of eukaryotic initiation factor eIF-2 requires the exchange of GDP
      for GTP, in a reaction catalyzed by the reversing factor (RF). Recent studies
      have suggested that a 60 S ribosomal subunit-bound eIF-2.GDP complex is an
      intermediate in protein chain initiation. We have monitored the distribution of
      RF in heme-deficient and dsRNA-inhibited lysates by immunoblot analysis of
      sucrose gradient fractions and have compared the distribution with that of eIF
      2(alpha-32P). RF and eIF-2(alpha P) were both found to be tightly associated with
      60 S and 80 S ribosomes, as their distribution did not change in gradients
      containing up to 0.1 M K+. The association of eIF-2(alpha-32P) and RF with 60 S
      and 80 S ribosomes was enhanced in the presence of F-, indicating the presence of
      an endogenous ribosome-associated phosphatase activity which is capable of
      dephosphorylating eIF-2(alpha P) in the absence of F-. These observations are
      consistent with the hypothesis that under physiologic conditions, RF interacts
      with the 60 S-bound eIF-2.GDP complex to promote the dissociation of GDP from eIF
      2 and the release of eIF-2 from the 60 S subunit as a complex with RF.

PMID- 3402613
TI  - The effect of methanol and temperature on the kinetics of refolding of
      ribonuclease A.
AB  - Unfolded ribonuclease A consists of 20% fast refolding (Uf) and 80% slow
      refolding material (Us). The latter consists of at least two different forms
      which refold at different rates. We have used absorbance and fluorescence
      spectrophotometry to compare the kinetics of refolding in aqueous and aqueous
      methanol solutions. At 1 degree C and pH 3.0, the addition of increasing
      concentrations of methanol (to 50%, v/v) had negligible effect on the rates and
      amplitudes of the slow refolding Us states. The effect of temperature on the two
      slow phases of refolding was determined in 35 and 50% methanol. From Arrhenius
      plots the energies of activation were found to be in the vicinity of 20 kcal/mol
      for both processes. The results suggest that both slow phases correspond to
      proline isomerization, and that the presence of methanol does not significantly
      perturb the overall refolding process. It is possible that the faster of the slow
      refolding phases corresponds to the isomerization of a proline residue which is
      trans in the folded native state but which undergoes extensive isomerization to
      the cis conformation in the unfolded state.

PMID- 3402614
TI  - 31P NMR study of daunorubicin-d(CGTACG) complex in solution. Evidence of the
      intercalation sites.
AB  - The interaction of daunorubicin with the self-complementary DNA fragment
      d(CGTACG) was studied by 31P NMR spectroscopy. The individual phosphates have
      been assigned for the nucleotide and the complex and signals from bound and free
      species in slow exchange at 19 degrees C were detected. In solution, the
      hexanucleotide binds two molecules of daunorubicin, which intercalate in the
      d(CG) sequence at both ends of the helix. Evidence for local deformations of the
      backbone at the sites of C5pG6, C1pG2 and G2pT3 phosphates is given. The binding
      constants for the stepwise equilibrium and the rate of dissociation of the
      intercalated duplex were also determined.

PMID- 3402615
TI  - Sulphate is a competitive inhibitor of the binding of nucleotide to myosin. A
      comparison with phosphate.
AB  - By the use of rapid reaction methods (rapid flow quench and stopped flow) it has
      been shown that sulphate is a competitive inhibitor of the binding of epsilon-ATP
      and ATP to myosin. At low ionic strengths, the Ki was in the micromolar range.
      Under several conditions used sulphate was more effective than phosphate. Neither
      anion was very effective in inhibiting the binding of epsilon-ATP to actomyosin.

PMID- 3402616
TI  - Binding of specific ligands to muscarinic receptors alters the fluidity of
      membrane fragments from rat brain. A fluorescence polarization study with lipid
      specific probes.
AB  - The previously suggested method of following ligand-receptor interactions by
      measuring ligand-induced changes in membrane fluidity [(1986) FEBS Lett. 194, 313
      316] was employed to study the binding of specific ligands of the muscarinic
      receptor to rat brain membrane fragments containing a fluorescent analogue of
      phosphatidylcholine (APC) as a membrane probe. Upon addition of carbachol and
      atropine in low concentrations the fluorescence polarization of the APC-labeled
      membranes decreased significantly demonstrating that binding of these ligands to
      the muscarinic receptor increases the fluidity of its lipid environment. The
      fluidity changes were specific, concentration-dependent and saturable. In
      comparison with radioligand assays the fluorescent lipid probe method proved to
      be much more sensitive but the Kd values obtained by the two methods differed
      considerably.

PMID- 3402617
TI  - A potential role for U1 RNA genes in gene duplication and conversion events.
AB  - A gene encoding U1 snRNA has been identified in Caenorhabditis elegans by
      homology to the human U1 gene. The gene lies at the boundary of a duplication
      event also involving the small heat shock protein genes. The possible role of the
      U1 sequence in mediating the duplication event is discussed.

PMID- 3402618
TI  - Amino acid sequence of rat liver cathepsin L.
AB  - The complete amino acid sequences of the heavy and light chains of rat liver
      cathepsin L (EC 3.4.22.15) were determined at the protein level. The heavy and
      light chains consisted of 175 and 44 amino acid residues, respectively, and their
      Mr values without glycosyl groups calculated from these sequences were 18941 and
      5056, respectively. The amino acid sequence was also determined from the N
      terminal sequences of the heavy and light chains, and the sequences of cleavage
      fragments of the heavy chain with lysylendopeptidase and cyanogen bromide. The
      fragments were aligned by comparison with the amino acid sequence deduced from
      the sequence of cDNA of rat preprocathepsin L. The sequence of rat liver
      cathepsin L determined at the protein level was identical with that deduced from
      the cDNA sequence except that in the heavy chain, residues 176-177 (Asp-Ser) were
      not present at the C-terminus and alanine was replaced by proline at residue 125.
      Asn-108 in the heavy chain is modified with carbohydrate.

PMID- 3402619
TI  - Fatty acid uptake and metabolism to ketone bodies and triacyglycerol in rat and
      human hepatocyte cultures is dependent on chain-length and degree of saturation.
      Effects of carnitine and glucagon.
AB  - Rat and human hepatocyte cultures were incubated with 5 common plasma longchain
      fatty acids (C16-C18). Rates of fatty acid uptake were similar in rat and human
      hepatocytes and were of the order: 16:1 greater than 16:0; 18:2 greater than 18:1
      greater than 18:0. Rates of ketogenesis were lower in human compared to rat
      hepatocytes. In rat hepatocytes glucagon stimulated ketogenesis only in the
      presence of exogenous carnitine and rates of ketogenesis were higher from
      unsaturated compared to corresponding saturated fatty acids. Glucagon decreased
      triacylglycerol secretion irrespective of the fatty acid substrate and it
      increased intracellular triacylglycerol accumulation. The latter effect of
      glucagon was more marked in the absence of carnitine supplementation.

PMID- 3402620
TI  - Intracellular distribution of DNA methyltransferase during the cell cycle.
AB  - The intracellular distribution of DNA methyltransferase has been analyzed in
      synchronously proliferating human cells. The localization of DNA
      methyltransferase was determined immunocytochemically using monoclonal antibodies
      directed against this enzyme. DNA methyltransferase was found to accumulate
      predominantly in nuclei with weak cytoplasmic staining. The DNA methyltransferase
      antigen was absent in early G1 phase, appeared in late G1 prior to the onset of
      DNA synthesis and persisted throughout S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. Mitotic
      cells showed a particularly strong staining intensity. These results show that
      DNA methyltransferase levels fluctuate during the cell cycle. This has possible
      implications on the stability of the DNA methylation pattern.

PMID- 3402622
TI  - The Molteno implant in intractable glaucoma.
AB  - The long term results in ninety-six cases of intractable glaucoma managed with
      the Molteno seton are presented. Over 50% of cases achieved satisfactory
      intraocular pressure control and visual stabilisation.

PMID- 3402621
TI  - Cholinergic supersensitivity of the iris in primary open angle glaucoma. A
      clinical study.
AB  - Twenty patients with untreated primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) were tested for
      the presence of cholinergic supersensitivity of the iris using a 0.1% solution of
      pilocarpine. Nineteen patients had a significant miotic response compared to six
      of a group of twenty control subjects. We believe that an ocular parasympathetic
      neuropathy may be an important factor in promoting or perpetuating elevated intra
      ocular pressure in POAG. The mechanism of this is suggested and several possible
      areas of further study discussed.

PMID- 3402623
TI  - Posterior scleritis: a clinical and histological survey.
AB  - The clinical course of 47 patients with posterior scleritis is reviewed. Though
      clinical presentation varied widely, 73% of the patients presented with a visual
      acuity of 6/18 or less. Because the posterior scleritis was not always associated
      with pain or with anterior scleritis, the diagnosis was often not considered when
      the patient was first seen. The most common findings in the fundus were disc
      swelling, retinal detachment, and macular oedema and the most useful
      investigation was B scan ultrasound. No common aetiology was found, although 60%
      had a systemic disorder which was accompanied by a vasculitis. Those who were
      diagnosed and treated with the minimum delay had the most satisfactory visual
      outcome. However, there appears to be a group of patients with no underlying
      systemic disease who fail to respond to intensive therapy, and lose vision. A new
      sub-group of West Indians with the disease is described. The histopathology of 7
      cases confirmed the presence of scleral vasculitis of the vessels in and around
      the sclera in all the specimens. Other significant findings include inflammatory
      swelling and focal loss of pigment epithelium together with choroidal vascular
      closure. This could account for the fluorescein angiographic findings.

PMID- 3402625
TI  - Retinal compression folds.
AB  - Twelve cases of retinal compression folds occurring after successful retinal re
      attachment surgery are reported. In all 12 eyes surgery included the use of a
      circumferential buckle, internal tamponade with gas or silicone oil and drainage
      of sub-retinal fluid. The mechanism of retinal fold formation is discussed.

PMID- 3402624
TI  - Haematological changes in retinal vasculitis.
AB  - Two selected cases of retinal vasculitis, apparently of unknown aetiology, are
      reported; one case without any systemic or laboratory manifestation and the
      second case with a clinical picture similar to VKH syndrome and immunodepression.
      Both cases showed abnormal haematological parameters related to blood viscosity
      in the early and acute phases which could be manipulated by therapy. Reduction or
      near normalisation of these haemorrheological parameters coincided with clinical
      and angiographic improvement. The second case with severe immunodepression was
      found to be retrovirus HIV-2 positive.

PMID- 3402626
TI  - Grid photocoagulation improves reading ability in diffuse diabetic macular
      oedema.
AB  - Forty-eight patients with diffuse diabetic macular oedema were treated with
      perifoveal blue/green Argon 'grid' laser photocoagulation. Clinical assessment of
      patients was supported by serial fluorescein angiography. Patients were followed
      up for one year after treatment, and a two year follow-up was obtained in 29
      patients. Statistical analysis showed no significant improvement in distance
      acuity, but demonstrated clear benefit as regards reading ability.

PMID- 3402627
TI  - A familial syndrome with coats' reaction retinal angiomas, hair and nail defects
      and intracranial calcification.
AB  - We describe two sisters who have bilateral Coats reaction of the retina,
      intracranial calcification, sparse hair and dysplastic nails. The younger sibling
      has in addition distinct retinal angiomas in one eye. This combination of
      clinical findings has not been reported previously and is probably due to an
      autosomal recessive gene defect. Laser photocoagulation and cryotherapy has
      preserved good function in one eye of each child.

PMID- 3402628
TI  - Human retinal extract stimulates the proliferation of human lens epithelial
      cells.
AB  - The proliferation of lens epithelial cells remaining attached to the capsule
      after extracapsular cataract extraction represents a potential cause of posterior
      capsule opacification. In view of the reported mitogenic effects of eye derived
      growth factors on lens epithelial cells in animal studies, we determined to
      establish whether the human retina produces a factor capable of inducing a
      similar response in human lens epithelial (HLE) cells. We report that an extract
      of the human neural retina is capable of increasing the proliferative capacity of
      HLE cells in culture by 50%. The possible mechanisms are discussed. The presence
      of such a growth factor in the human eye would have important consequences for
      the epithelial cells remaining after cataract surgery.

PMID- 3402629
TI  - Simple retinoscopic screening.
AB  - A simplified retinoscopic technique to screen for refractive errors in children
      is presented. The technique described was assessed in 98 children and the results
      correlated with full retinoscopic refractions. All tests were done with
      cycloplegia. Orthoptists' results using the simple retinoscopy compared well with
      the full retinoscopic findings of the ophthalmologists, with an overall
      sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 74%. These results compare favourably with
      more technical refractive screening methods. This technique may be suitable as an
      adjunct to vision screening in pre-school children.

PMID- 3402631
TI  - P J Hay lecture. Present and future of implantation in the capsular bag.

PMID- 3402630
TI  - Patterns of visual loss in untreated sickle cell retinopathy.
AB  - Ophthalmic assessments of 120 patients with homozygous sickle cell (SS) disease
      and of 222 with sickle cell haemoglobin-C (SC) disease were conducted over a
      period of ten years. Visual acuity loss (V.A. less than or equal to 6/18)
      attributable to sickle cell retinopathy occurred in 10% of untreated eyes during
      a mean observation period of 6.9 years. Visual loss was strongly associated with
      proliferative sickle retinopathy (p less than 0.001) and most commonly resulted
      from vitreous haemorrhage, tractional retinal detachment and epiretinal
      membranes. The incidence of visual loss was 31 per 1000 eye-years observation
      among eyes with proliferative disease compared to 1.4 per 1000 eye-years
      observation among eyes with non-proliferative disease.

PMID- 3402632
TI  - [Study of profile analysis on urinary free steroids using high performance liquid
      chromatography with spectrophotometric scanning by photodiode array--application
      of Girard reagent T for sample preparation].
AB  - High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has been useful for profile
      analysis of steroids. However, the conventional extraction of urinary free
      steroids using urine specimens has some disadvantages because of lots of
      interfering substances simultaneously extracted from the urine. These substances
      were usually detected on the chromatogram at the range of relatively short
      retention time within which some urinary free steroids were heavily contaminated.
      Therefore it seemed unsuitable for profile analysis of urinary free steroids by
      HPLC. In this study, we developed a relatively simple and reproducible method for
      removing the interfering substances by Girard reagent T. In addition, the purity
      of each extracted free steroids were confirmed by Photodiode Array continuous
      scanning system, together with 3-dimensional chromatogram as well as contour map
      analyzed by the attached computer. The extraction procedure was as follows: (1)
      10% volume of 24-h specimens of urine included 1 microgram internal standard was
      charged to Sep-pack C18 cartridge. The cartridge was eluted with 20
      micromilligram ethyl acetate and the eluate was evaporated. (2) 10 mg Girard
      reagent T dissolved in 0.5 micromilligram acetic acid and 0.5 micromilligram
      ethanol was added to the residue, then left at room temperature for 2 hours.
      During this time, ketosteroids formed by the action of Girard reagent T turned to
      be water-soluble hydrazone complex. (3) After the addition of 10 micromilligram
      cold water, it was adjusted to pH 8 with NaOH and NaHCO3, then washed with 5
      volumes of ethyl acetate (non-ketotic fraction). (4) The lower layer were
      hydrolyzed by adding 0.5 micromilligram concentrated hydrogen chloride and left
      for an hour at room temperature, then the liberated steroids were extracted with
      ethyl acetate (ketotic fraction). (5) Ethyl acetate extract was evaporated and
      redissolved in the mobile phase, then injected to HPLC. To determine the effect
      of Girard's separation non-ketotic fraction was also applied to HPLC. The results
      were as follows: (1) 3-dimensional chromatogram and contour map confirmed the
      effectiveness of our Girard's separation. The chromatogram of ketotic fraction
      showed the clear separation of the peaks of 4-ene-3-one steroids in ultraviolet
      absorbance at 246 nm and each steroid peaks were identical to those of the
      reference steroids. (2) Urinary non-specific substances moving into non-ketotic
      fraction was complete and satisfactory.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3402633
TI  - [Determination of the antipsoriasis effect of ultraviolet irradiation at 326.1
      nm].

PMID- 3402634
TI  - [Local defense mechanisms in gonorrhea].

PMID- 3402635
TI  - [Spermiogenesis of acrosomeless round-headed spermatozoa. II. Electron microscopy
      findings].

PMID- 3402636
TI  - [Radon cures in progressive scleroderma. Initial results of a 5-year study].

PMID- 3402637
TI  - [Case report of Schimmelpenning-Feuerstein-Mims syndrome].

PMID- 3402638
TI  - [Cutaneous changes in porphyria cutanea tarda].

PMID- 3402639
TI  - Investigation of the irritative potency of environmental products in a primary
      suspension of epidermal cells.

PMID- 3402640
TI  - Recurrent erythema nodosum, arthritis and IgA nephropathy.
AB  - Erythema nodosum and IgA nephropathy are nosologic entities with an immunologic
      background. IgA nephropathy is a specific disease of the kidneys, while erythema
      nodosum may be associated with other illnesses. We report a unique case in which
      intermittent hematuria due to IgA nephropathy was superimposed on recurrent
      attacks of erythema nodosum and arthritis. A common pathophysiology is suggested.

PMID- 3402641
TI  - Larva migrans of the oral mucosa.
AB  - A case of buccal larva migrans is presented. This rare peculiar localization is
      discussed. The different treatments are mentioned with special regard to the
      topical and systemic use of the thiabendazole.

PMID- 3402642
TI  - Titanium balanitis with phimosis.
AB  - We report the 2nd case of titanium balanitis reported in the world literature.
      Clinically the patient presented with phimosis: histologically the titanium was
      surrounded by a mixed granulomatous inflammatory reaction. Topical titanium
      preparations may lead to phimosis and therefore we thought it important to bring
      this potential iatrogenic complication to further notice.

PMID- 3402643
TI  - Lens changes in alopecia areata.

PMID- 3402644
TI  - Psoriasis and atopy: concomitance and pathophysiology.

PMID- 3402645
TI  - [Retinal fluorescein angiography: a routine test in diabetic patients?].

PMID- 3402646
TI  - On the mechanical function of marrow in long bones.

PMID- 3402647
TI  - Can the weight-bearing capacity of the femoral neck be estimated by physical
      measurements on the greater trochanter?

PMID- 3402648
TI  - A comparative evaluation of modern fracture casting materials.

PMID- 3402649
TI  - Strength pattern of cancellous bone at the ankle joint.

PMID- 3402650
TI  - The development of a scleral applicator for the irradiation of choroidal
      melanoma.

PMID- 3402651
TI  - A novel approach to human fertility control: contragestion by the anti
      progesterone RU 486.

PMID- 3402652
TI  - Biological aspects and diagnosis procedures of materno-fetal transmission of HIV.

PMID- 3402654
TI  - Keeping or removing the ovaries at the time of hysterectomy.

PMID- 3402653
TI  - Paris cooperative study on HIV sero-positivity in pregnancy: preliminary results.

PMID- 3402655
TI  - Preservation of the ovaries: a controversial subject.

PMID- 3402656
TI  - Keeping or removing the ovaries at the time of hysterectomy.

PMID- 3402658
TI  - The perinatal risk: an overview.

PMID- 3402657
TI  - Cerebral handicap in full-term newborns related to late pregnancy and/or labor.
AB  - The improving results of modern obstetrics, anesthesiology and immediate
      pediatric care have to be assessed. Clinical methods are available, providing
      guidelines for a simple neuro-sensorial assessment of the full-term newborn. When
      abnormalities are detected at the first assessment, the newborn will be assessed
      daily or every other day, as the symptomatology often rapidly changes. Based on
      these repeated evaluations, a gradation of 3 levels of severity is established,
      by the end of the first week: mild (1) includes tone abnormalities and
      hyperexcitability but no seizures and no CNS depression; moderate (2) includes
      CNS depression +/- isolated seizures; severe (3) includes coma and repeated
      seizures. Though this gradation represents an empirical cut-off in a continuum of
      signs and symptoms indicating brain dysfunction at birth, correlations with late
      outcome are reasonably good. Individual prognosis is out of our reach, specially
      in grade 2 infants. However, as a group estimation of late outcome, this
      gradation is satisfactory. Neurobehavioral competence in the full-term newborn is
      such that one assessment performed within normal limits in the first 3 days
      allows a reasonable prediction of a normal outcome, no matter how dreadful the
      pregnancy and/or delivery has been. Therefore neurological assessment of the full
      term newborn in the first week of life can be considered as a good marker for the
      quality of perinatal care, and good feed-back information for the obstetrical
      staff.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3402659
TI  - Fetal blood sampling.
AB  - Fetal blood sampling is now performed in many centres through different
      approaches (fetoscopy, placentacentesis, cardiac puncture, umbilical cord
      needling, intrahepatic vein puncture) for prenatal diagnosis of congenital
      defects, management of intrauterine growth retardation and fetal therapy. One
      hundred and thirty-nine fetal blood samples have been performed during a 10 month
      period at Queen Charlotte's Maternity Hospital, London, using an individualized
      approach. One failure to obtain fetal blood occurred and there were four fetal
      losses, three of which followed an intrauterine transfusion in very severely
      affected fetuses. Two of these losses were associated with peculiar circumstances
      (see above). The procedure-related risk is nowadays more difficult to evaluate
      than in the past, when most fetal blood samplings were carried out in the second
      trimester for prenatal diagnosis. Most case studies, and ours as well, are not
      homogeneous and high-risk patients such as those with Rhesus disease or
      intrauterine growth retardation are also included. It seems, however, that
      transabdominal needling of the cord, at either placental or fetal insertion, is a
      low-risk procedure although a larger number of cases should be collected to draw
      definite conclusions about sampling from the intrahepatic vein. Fetoscopy also
      has a low risk in experienced hands, but the training period is certainly longer
      and the application in the second half of the pregnancy has been limited to a few
      cases. It is likely to be used only very little in the future. A flexible
      approach to fetal blood sampling allows the best choice of technique and utilizes
      the advantages of each technique.

PMID- 3402660
TI  - Estrogenic activity of phenol red.
AB  - It has recently been reported that phenol red, a pH indicator present in most
      tissue culture media, is a weak estrogen that can stimulate some estrogen
      sensitive cells. However, the relative impact of phenol red on various cell lines
      is controversial. We examined the effect of phenol red on several estrogen
      responsive cell systems that we use to study estrogen action. These included
      estrogenic stimulation of progesterone receptor and growth in human breast cancer
      derived MCF-7 cells, stimulation of growth in human breast cancer-derived T47D
      cells, stimulation of prolactin synthesis in primary cultures of immature rat
      pituitary cells, and stimulation of progesterone receptor in primary cultures of
      immature rat uterine cells. Estrogenic responses in MCF-7 cells were the most
      sensitive to the presence of phenol red, while the other three cell cultures
      showed lesser effects of the indicator. In addition to intrinsic differences in
      cell responses, there were several other factors involved. These included
      differences in the estrogenic activity of phenol red-containing media and phenol
      red itself from different commercial suppliers, and differences in the
      concentration of free phenol red in final media due to binding of the indicator
      by serum. Higher concentrations of serum reduced the impact of phenol red on
      estrogenic responses in primary pituitary cells. Phenol red added to rat uterine
      cytosol competed with estradiol for binding to the estrogen receptor (relative
      binding affinity (RBA) approx. 0.001), and the acidic and basic forms of the
      indicator showed similar activity. Some commercial phenol red samples inhibited
      cell growth at levels of 100 mg/l; these effects were toxic rather than
      antiestrogenic, because growth inhibition could not be competitively reversed by
      an excess of estradiol. The amount of the indicator bound to serum in the final
      media, the source of the phenol red and the sensitivity of different cell types
      to the indicator ultimately determine its influence to the response of cells in
      tissue culture.

PMID- 3402661
TI  - The influence of pre-incubation on the rate of iron uptake and of transferrin
      synthesis by intact isolated rat seminiferous tubules.
AB  - It has been reported recently that major kinetic differences exist in the rate of
      iron uptake and of transferrin synthesis between intact seminiferous tubules and
      cultured Sertoli cells. To investigate possible causes of these differences,
      intact isolated rat seminiferous tubules were isolated and pre-incubated
      overnight. Then the rates of iron uptake and of transferrin synthesis were
      compared with those of freshly isolated tubules. We found that overnight pre
      incubation increased the rate of both processes. Iron depletion was not the cause
      of these changes, since pre-incubation under iron excess gave comparable results.
      Possible explanations of these phenomena are discussed.

PMID- 3402663
TI  - Ecdysteroid receptors of the blowfly Calliphora vicina: partial purification and
      characterization of ecdysteroid binding.
AB  - A macromolecule with high affinity for the ecdysteroid analogue ponasterone A was
      isolated from nuclei of larvae of the blowfly Calliphora vicina. The ecdysteroid
      binding molecule revealed characteristics of the moulting hormone receptor. It
      was sensitive towards protease but not towards nucleases. The nuclear protein had
      a limited binding capacity (0.2 pmol ponasterone A/mg protein), showed hormone
      analogue specificity and high affinity for ecdysteroids. Enzyme activities were
      present in the nuclear extract that metabolized ecdysteroids and thereby
      interfered with the binding assay. After their removal by DEAE-cellulose
      chromatography the ecdysteroid receptor preparation was stable at 20 degrees C
      for hours. This allowed a reliable determination of dissociation constants at
      equilibrium conditions. The hormone receptor complex had a KD of 1 nM, 30 nM, and
      2000 nM with ponasterone A, 20-hydroxyecdysone, and ecdysone, respectively. The
      apparent molecular mass of the ecdysteroid receptor was 105,000 as determined by
      gel filtration.

PMID- 3402664
TI  - Immunoelectron microscopy of the hormonogenic sites of the thyroglobulin
      molecule.
AB  - Hog thyroglobulin was treated with the monoclonal anti-thyroglobulin antibody,
      16.3.2, which recognizes the thyroxine residues of thyroglobulin. Size-exclusion
      high-performance liquid chromatography of the immune complexes indicated that
      there were 3.5 immunoreactable thyroxine residues/mol of 19 S thyroglobulin. The
      immune complexes were negatively stained and observed under an electron
      microscope. Under antigen excess conditions, the complexes were demonstrated as
      branched chains in which thyroglobulin molecules were linked by antibody
      molecules. When the antibody was in excess, we found many single thyroglobulin
      molecules each connecting to 2-3 antibody molecules. Based on the morphology of
      the immune complexes, we conclude that thyroxine residues are formed
      preferentially on the molecular surface and localized near both ends of the
      elongated molecule of 19 S thyroglobulin and possibly at one side of the middle
      of the molecule.

PMID- 3402662
TI  - Adenosine interaction with adenylate cyclase in rat posterior pituitary.
AB  - An adenosine-sensitive adenylate cyclase has been demonstrated in rat posterior
      pituitary in the present studies. N-Ethylcarboxamide adenosine (NECA), 2
      chloroadenosine (2-Cl-Ado) and L-N6-phenylisopropyladenosine (PIA) all stimulated
      adenylate cyclase in a concentration-dependent manner, with an apparent Ka
      between 0.5 and 1 microM. NECA was most effective and stimulated adenylate
      cyclase by about 100%, whereas 2-Cl-Ado and PIA stimulated the enzyme activity by
      about 60%. The activation of adenylate cyclase by NECA was dependent on the
      concentrations of metal ions such as Mg2+ or Mn2+. The stimulatory effect of NECA
      on adenylate cyclase was completely blocked by 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX)
      and 8-phenyltheophylline. Adenosine showed a biphasic effect on adenylate
      cyclase: stimulation at lower concentrations and inhibition at higher
      concentrations, whereas 2'-deoxyadenosine and 2'5'-dideoxyadenosine inhibited
      adenylate cyclase in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, dopamine,
      isoproterenol and forskolin also stimulated adenylate cyclase to various degrees
      and the stimulatory effect of isoproterenol and forskolin was found to be
      additive with the stimulation exerted by NECA. These data indicate the presence
      of adenosine stimulatory receptors Ra/A2 in posterior pituitary which are coupled
      to adenylate cyclase. It is possible that adenosine may act as one of the
      important regulators to regulate and/or modulate the release of posterior
      pituitary hormones.

PMID- 3402666
TI  - Development of sleep states in normal premature and full-term newborns.
AB  - THE AIMS OF OUR STUDY WERE: 1) to answer the question "Do sleep states exist in
      normal premature infants;" 2) to analyze the development of sleep cycle and sleep
      state characteristics in premature and full-term newborns. Polygraph recordings
      were done on 38 normal, appropriate for gestational age newborns, born at 30 to
      41 weeks (w) of gestation. All infants fell asleep in active sleep (AS).
      Postwaking AS was significantly shorter than the next AS. Mean sleep cycle
      duration increased from approximately 46 min at 31-34 w of conceptional age (CA)
      to 70 min. at 35-36 w CA. In all infants we observed stable, greater than 5 min
      AS and quiet sleep (QS) periods, as defined by EEG and REM criteria.
      Indeterminate sleep was about 30% of the total sleep cycle at 31-34 w; it
      decreased to 12% at 35-36 w. Both duration and percentage of AS and QS
      significantly increased at 35-36 w and remained stable up to 39-41 w CA. Values
      of QS were significantly reduced when defined by additional criteria (respiratory
      rate, tonic chin EMG or motility). Concordance of QS criteria was not
      significantly better in older versus younger groups of infants. At all ages, AS
      values were insensitive to changes in the criteria chosen to define them. The
      contrast, starting from 31-34 w CA, between AS and QS as defined by EEG and REM
      criteria could account for state differences in the control of many physiological
      variables in prematures.

PMID- 3402665
TI  - Formation and expression of filial attachment in rhesus monkeys raised with
      living and inanimate mother substitutes.
AB  - The formation and expression of filial attachment was investigated in rhesus
      monkeys raised with dogs or inanimate mother substitutes in a longitudinal study
      spanning the first 4 years of life. At 2 months monkeys were identified within
      each rearing group as strongly attached or weakly attached, as measured by
      proximity, contact and clinging to the mother substitute in the living cage and
      in a novel room, and by differences in levels of distress vocalization and heart
      rate when they were alone and in the presence of the substitute mother in a novel
      room. By 4 months, all monkeys were attached, and the strongly attached and
      weakly attached monkeys of the first age-period were no longer distinguishable on
      any measure. The attachment was specific to the substitute mother. It was not
      exclusive, however, inasmuch as similar responses were elicited by a stranger of
      the same type as the substitute mother, although the stranger was less effective.
      The attachment figure was also influential when it could be seen but not touched.
      Evidence of attachment to the substitute mothers persisted until the end of
      testing at 44 months. Comparison of rearing groups support the hypothesis that
      the principal effect of living and inanimate mother substitutes is on
      responsiveness, rather than on the attachment process per se.

PMID- 3402667
TI  - Human interlimb coordination: the first 6 months of independent walking.
AB  - The organization of interlimb coordination was studied in newly walking infants
      with and without support and in infants who had been walking 0.5, 1, 3, and 6
      months. Analysis of the temporal and distance phase relationships between the
      limbs revealed that newly walking infants exhibit interlimb coordination similar
      to that of mature walkers. The coupling between the limbs, however, is loosely
      constrained, approaching adult-like consistency after 3 months of walking.
      Providing support for the newly walking infant afforded a more consistent, mature
      coordination suggesting that neuromuscular development is in advance of its
      ability to function in the physical world.

PMID- 3402668
TI  - Ontogeny of polycose and sucrose appetite in neonatal rats.
AB  - Rat pups 3 to 15 days of age were infused with sucrose or Polycose solutions (.03
      or .3 M) through oral cannulas and their solution intake, mouthing behavior, and
      general locomotor activity were recorded. Overall, the pups displayed similar
      ingestive responses to Polycose and sucrose. They discriminated between .3 M
      sucrose and water as early as 6-days of age, and between .3 M Polycose and water
      as early as 9-days of age. However, at the .03 M concentration the pups responded
      to Polycose before they responded to sucrose. The results confirm previous
      reports that rat pups have an unlearned preference for sucrose and demonstrate
      that a similar preference exists for starch-derived polysaccharides. The Polycose
      appetite displayed by the neonatal rats is consistent with results obtained with
      adult animals which suggest that rats have taste receptors for starch-derived
      polysaccharides as well as for sugars.

PMID- 3402669
TI  - Sibling inhibition of hoarding in postweaning hamster pups (Mesocricetus
      auratus).
AB  - If hamster pups are placed in individual cages at weaning (21 days of age) they
      begin to hoard food immediately; within 2-6 days, they hoard 90% of the food they
      take from their food dish in the course of a 1-hr test, consuming only 10% of it.
      Pups that remain with their littermates after weaning in large group cages do not
      hoard food until they are placed in individual cages, when hoarding starts
      immediately. The inhibitory effect of littermates is just as pronounced in
      hamsters that have been allowed to hoard food in individual cages for 14 days
      after weaning and are then regrouped into litters. If litters are housed in
      divided cages that prevent physical interactions among littermates, but allow the
      interchange of olfactory, auditory, and some visual cues, hoarding is suppressed
      to an intermediate level. These results show that the presence of siblings
      inhibits the expression of hoarding, partly as a result of direct physical
      interactions and partly through the agency of sensory cues. The onset of hoarding
      following the dispersal of young from the nest cannot be explained as a
      motivational consequence of the young no longer having access to the mother's
      food hoard.

PMID- 3402671
TI  - Unfamiliar environments impair information processing as measured by behavioral
      and cardiac orienting responses to auditory stimuli in preweanling and adult
      rats.
AB  - Placing animals in an unfamiliar environment triggers at least two major
      reactions: (1) a heightened state of arousal, fear, or distress and (2) a sharp
      increase in information processing as the animal attempts to learn about its new
      environment. These changes could have a profound effect on the way in which the
      animal reacts to the types of extraneous innocuous stimuli typically used to
      study learning and memory. For example, an increase in arousal or fear could
      either (1) make the animal more "attentive" to stimulus change resulting in a
      larger orienting response, or (2) produce a shift from orienting to defensive
      responding. Conversely, processing of the new stimuli present in the unfamiliar
      environment may make the animal less responsive to additional extrinsic
      stimulation. These possibilities were examined experimentally using both
      autonomic and behavioral measures of orienting and defensive responses. The
      results demonstrated that animals fail to exhibit either an orienting response or
      a defensive response to a novel auditory stimulus when they are first placed in
      an unfamiliar environment. With continued exposure to the test environment the
      orienting response appears and then shows a time-dependent increase in magnitude.
      This pattern of results was obtained in both preweaning and young adult rats. On
      the basis of additional research and analysis, it was concluded that a limitation
      in information processing capacity was the primary reason for the failure of the
      orienting response to occur when an animal is first placed in an unfamiliar test
      chamber.

PMID- 3402670
TI  - Infants of diabetic mothers: late normalization of fetal cyclic motility persists
      after birth.
AB  - The prenatal development of cyclic motility (CM) in the human is disrupted by
      maternal diabetes, but appears normal by the end of gestation. To determine
      whether birth and adaptation to postnatal life reveal new or persisting
      abnormalities in CM, 24 newborn infants of insulin-dependent diabetic mothers
      (IDMs) and 24 normal newborns were studied for 2-4 hr in a controlled
      environment. Spectral analysis of spontaneous movement revealed that CM was
      common in both groups. Measures of its cyclic organization in each state did not
      differ between IDMs and controls. State differences were the same in the two
      groups, and replicated the pattern found in a previous study of normal newborns.
      For IDMs, there were no differences associated with neonatal evidence of
      increased glucose supply in utero (macrosomia, postnatal hypoglycemia), or with
      determinations of prenatal maternal hyperglycemia. IDMs had also been studied as
      fetuses, and the pattern of continuity and change in CM across birth replicated
      the pattern previously reported for normal fetuses. The results suggest that the
      development and control of CM is buffered from the prenatal metabolic insults
      suffered by IDMs, and support speculations that cyclic activation is a general
      and robust property of the developing motor system in the human.

PMID- 3402672
TI  - Mother-infant relations, conflict, stress and illness among free-ranging
      chimpanzees.
AB  - In a naturalistic study in the Gombe National Park, Tanzania, five chimpanzee
      mothers with offspring under 24 months of age were observed. Earlier studies have
      shown that young chimpanzees pass through distinct periods of developmental
      reorganization and that these episodes are characterized by regressive behaviour.
      The episodes in turn trigger changes in the mother and mother-infant conflict,
      which then lead to the infant developing a new level of independence. Monthly
      observations were made of mother-infant interactions before and during the
      illness of two infants. Using a measure of the attachment system which controls
      the regulation of proximity between mother and infant, it was possible to
      quantify a stressor in the mother-infant interaction when this proximity-control
      system was overstretched. When a labile developmental transition period occurred
      in addition to this stress, two of the infants became ill. The curve quantifying
      the proximity-control system seems to be self-corrective. Illness occurred
      between the age at which the discrepancy from the 'target curve' was maximal and
      the age at which the curve returned to the normal range.

PMID- 3402673
TI  - Language and learning disorders of older boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
AB  - The IQs of 25 males with Duchenne muscular dystrophy were determined and the
      results were pooled with those for 76 others reported in the literature to
      examine the relationship between IQ and age. Verbal IQ was significantly lower
      than Performance IQ among the younger boys, but not the older. The distribution
      of Verbal IQ of the older boys was bimodal, suggesting that a verbal deficit
      persists in some cases. Detailed examination of the cognitive and reading skills
      of 15 older patients revealed a similar pattern of deficient phonological
      processing and reading skills in about half of this group.

PMID- 3402674
TI  - Serial position memory of boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
AB  - Ten male patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and 10 age-matched
      controls were tested with the WISC-R and a memory test requiring recall of the
      serial positions of drawings of easily named objects. After statistically
      controlling for differences in IQ, the two groups did not differ in their ability
      to recall the most recently presented items. However, the DMD patients were
      severely impaired in remembering items presented early in the list. The DMD
      patients also performed poorly on the WISC-R subtests Digit Span and Arithmetic.
      This pattern of impairment is discussed in terms of possible verbal mediation and
      attentional deficits.

PMID- 3402676
TI  - Eye-sighting preference of normal and hemiplegic children and adults.
AB  - Monocular eye-sighting preference was examined in 32 children with hemiplegia, 51
      adult-onset hemiplegic patients and 57 normal children and adults. Eye preference
      was compared with ear preference on dichotic listening for 25 of the hemiplegic
      children. No independent association could be detected between eye preference and
      ear preference. In both the children and adults with hemiplegia the preferred eye
      tended to be on the same side as the damaged hemisphere. Among the adults, this
      tendency was more pronounced with more extensive lesions, as manifested by
      aphasia and/or hemianopia. These findings are interpreted as indicating that eye
      sighting preference is unrelated to unitary hemispheric dominance, and that,
      unlike dominance for hearing and speech, it is not irreversible after a critical
      period of development. A simpler explanation than incomplete hemispheric
      dominance is offered for the weakly positive association between mixed laterality
      and cerebral dysfunction.

PMID- 3402675
TI  - Optic neuritis in children and its relationship to multiple sclerosis: a clinical
      study of 21 children.
AB  - The optic neuritis of 21 children aged between four and 14 years generally was
      characterized by bilateral involvement (62 per cent) and papillitis (76 per
      cent). Often acute infections or vaccinations were preceding events. Frequently
      there was pleocytosis during the disease process, with production of IgG,
      oligoclonal and viral antibodies, which increased during follow-up. Nine of these
      children (eight female) later developed multiple sclerosis, with unilateral
      involvement of the optic nerves and HLA Dr2 positivity. Disseminated effects on
      the central nervous system were similar to those of adults with multiple
      sclerosis. In all cases these relapses occurred within one year of the optic
      neuritis. EEGs did not differentiate those who developed multiple sclerosis from
      those who did not, but four of five patients with multiple sclerosis who were
      followed-up for a year or more had paroxysmal discharges, and one of the four had
      manifest epilepsy. Magnetic resonance imaging, visual and sensory evoked
      potentials and CSF studies were helpful in diagnosing multiple sclerosis. The
      visual prognosis was good in most cases. 17 children had no or only slight
      neurological disability at the end of follow-up; the other four had moderate to
      severe disability. This study suggests that optic neuritis is a diffuse disease,
      not merely affecting the optic nerves, and that the immunological events typical
      of multiple sclerosis can start in childhood.

PMID- 3402677
TI  - Objective assessment of muscle strength in chronic relapsing dysimmune
      polyradiculoneuropathy.
AB  - Chronic, relapsing dysimmune polyradiculoneuropathy is an uncommon disease which
      occasionally affects children. The relapsing-remitting and/or progressive
      symptoms may be refractory to treatment. Regular, objective assessment of muscle
      strength, visually displayed, facilitates knowledge of the natural history of the
      disease and predicts response to treatment, and thus optimum planning for
      treatment. Myometry, discussed in this report, appears to be an objective and
      useful technique for this purpose, as illustrated in two teenage girls with this
      disease.

PMID- 3402678
TI  - Effects of 'tone-reducing' vs. standard plaster-casts on gait improvement of
      children with cerebral palsy.
AB  - The relative effects of 'tone-reducing' (inhibitive) and standard casts on the
      gait patterns and functional motor activities of two children with cerebral palsy
      were examined in a repeated measures (single-subject) design. Both children's
      stride length improved in the tone-reducing casts, compared with standard casts,
      but there were no significant difference between the two casts in step length
      ratio, base of support or foot progression angle. From videotapes, clinicians
      noted mildly improved gait and function over baseline levels for one child during
      the tone-reducing cast phase. They also consistently rated this child's
      performance as being better with the tone-reducing casts than with the standard
      casts. Parents and therapists also favoured the tone-reducing casts. However,
      further evidence is needed for the efficacy of tone-reducing casts in the
      management of children with cerebral palsy.

PMID- 3402680
TI  - Lobar holoprosencephaly presenting as spastic diplegia.
AB  - A child with lobar holoprosencephaly presented with spastic diplegia and mild
      mental retardation, compounded by attention deficits and hyperactivity. His
      facial features were normal, and except for borderline microcephaly, there were
      no other predictors of holoprosencephaly. This patient represents the mild end of
      the spectrum of the holoprosencephaly malformation complex, which seems to be
      under-represented in the medical literature. Holoprosencephaly does not appear to
      have been described previously in association with spastic diplegia. This patient
      also illustrates the value of CT scans of the head of patients with neurological
      findings, without specific etiology.

PMID- 3402679
TI  - Congenital muscular dystrophy with cerebellar atrophy.
AB  - Congenital muscular dystrophy (CMD) is a disorder which usually presents at birth
      with skeletal muscle dysfunction. Cases have been described with associated
      severe central nervous system (CNS) abnormalities, but usually the condition
      proceeds without CNS impairment, particularly in less severe cases. A 25-year-old
      patient is described with clinical and pathological features of CMD accompanied
      by cerebellar dysfunction, most likely the result of cerebellar atrophy. This
      patient is thought to have a benign variety of CMD with CNS involvement, and this
      report stresses the fact that CMD can be associated with minimal CNS
      abnormalities and have a benign course.

PMID- 3402681
TI  - Eosinophilia of the cerebrospinal fluid: late reaction to a silastic shunt.
AB  - The differential diagnosis of CSF eosinophilia consists primarily of infection,
      infestation or malignancy. This report describes an eight-year-old patient with a
      ventriculoperitoneal shunt who presented with a two-year history of episodic
      headache and vomiting and persistent tenderness of the skin overlying the bulb of
      the shunt. Ventricular CSF showed persisting eosinophilia, but there was no
      evidence of infection or malignancy. All abnormalities resolved promptly after
      the shunt was replaced.

PMID- 3402682
TI  - Trauma and multiple sclerosis: medicolegal implications.

PMID- 3402684
TI  - Single-cause attribution.

PMID- 3402683
TI  - Benign paroxysmal torticollis in infancy.

PMID- 3402685
TI  - [Chronic pancreatitis in the tropics and tropical chronic pancreatitis].

PMID- 3402686
TI  - [Sphincter preservation in cancer of lower rectum. The role of radiotherapy].

PMID- 3402687
TI  - [Geographical distribution and pathogenesis of chronic calcifying pancreatitis in
      tropical zones. Results of a multicenter survey in French-speaking Black Africa].
AB  - Chronic calcifying pancreatitis (CCP) is rare in countries with low alcohol
      consumption except in some tropical countries where malnutrition is widespread
      (southwest India) and in which CCP occurs in young non-alcoholics. In Black
      Africa sporadic cases of CCP have been reported in English-speaking countries
      (Uganda, Nigeria). The purpose of this study was to: a) assess the geographical
      distribution of CCP in French-speaking Africa; b) estimate the relative
      proportion of alcoholic CCP (ACCP) and juvenile tropical pancreatitis (JCCP). A
      total of 92 cases were included in this study, conducted in 16 French-speaking
      African countries (including Madagascar). There were no cases in countries with
      partly desert to climates and Moslem populations. Of these 92 cases, 86
      corresponded to ACCP due to over consumption of various types of alcoholic
      beverages depending on the region. All were males with a mean age at diagnosis of
      40.7 yrs. The remaining 6 cases were JCCP which were observed in areas of
      malnutrition with low intakes of animal protein and lipids. In this group the
      male/female ratio was 1/1 and the mean age at discovery was 15 yrs. Manioc
      toxicity did not appear to play any role. The "mixed" form, i.e. associating
      current alcohol consumption with childhood malnutrition, which has been described
      in young moderate drinkers in Burundi, was a possibility in 4 of the 86 cases of
      ACCP.

PMID- 3402688
TI  - A simple double radiolabeled technique to evaluate gastric emptying of canned
      food meal in dogs. Application to pharmacological tests.
AB  - Simultaneous measurement of solid and liquid phases of gastric emptying for a
      standard canned food meal was performed using a double radiolabeled technique in
      six dogs equipped with gastric cannula. The liquid phase (100 ml of tap water
      containing [14C] polyethylene glycol 4000) was added to the solid phase (400 g of
      canned food containing 10 g of liver tagged with [57Co] cyanocobalamine) and was
      presented for spontaneous eating to the dog. Determinations of individual
      emptying curves for solid and liquid phases were performed by total collection of
      gastric contents at one hour intervals 1 to 4 h after feeding. Regression
      constants and correlation coefficients indicated that liquids evacuated as a
      logarithmic function of time while solids emptied linearly between 1 and 4 h
      after the meal. Using this method we showed that orally (PO) administered
      metoclopramide (1 mg/kg) and domperidone (5 mg/kg) increased emptying of liquid
      phase measured one hour after eating by 106.3 p. 100 and 59.4 p. 100,
      respectively, but did not modify that of solid phase; in contrast, cisapride (5
      mg/kg PO) increased emptying of the solid and liquid phases at one hour by 41.5
      p. 100 and 73.0 p. 100, respectively.

PMID- 3402689
TI  - [Endoscopic treatment of pseudocysts and abscess in acute pancreatitis].
AB  - We report on 4 cases of necrotic pseudocysts complicating acute pancreatitis,
      treated by endoscopic cystostomy (3 cystogastrostomies, 1 cystoduodenostomy).
      Acute pancreatitis was secondary to biliary stones in 2 cases, post-surgical in
      one case and post-ERCP in the last case. Endoscopic treatment was performed
      because of recurrence of pseudocysts after percutaneous drainage guided by
      ultrasonography or CT scan. In 3 cases, pseudocysts were infected (pancreatic
      abscesses) and in 2 patients, surgery was contraindicated (severe respiratory and
      multiple organ failure). The outcome was uneventful in all the 4 cases and
      pseudocysts disappeared in a few days or weeks in 3 patients. The fourth patient
      underwent a complementary surgical cystogastrostomy. Endoscopic cystostomy
      appears to be a safe and efficient technique when performed in pseudocysts
      located close to the digestive wall and responsible for bulging visible during
      upper GI endoscopy.

PMID- 3402690
TI  - [Physiological function and dysfunction of Oddi's sphincter (benign Oddi stenosis
      and dyskinesia)].

PMID- 3402691
TI  - [Dilatation of the common bile duct without visible obstruction at endoscopic
      retrograde cholangiography. Description and development].
AB  - The aim of this study was to specify the signs and course of patients with a
      dilated common bile duct without obstruction. We included patients with a dilated
      common bile duct of more than 12 mm on endoscopic retrograde cholangiography, and
      we excluded patients with stones, tumor or other visible obstruction. Two hundred
      and seven patients (8.4 p. 100 of endoscopic retrograde cholangiography) were
      included. One hundred and nineteen (57.5 p. 100) had undergone cholecystectomy.
      Sixty-five p. 100 of patients had signs suggesting biliary tract disease, and 78
      p. 100 had biological signs of cholestasis. The size of the common bile duct was
      not different whether the patient had been cholecystectomized (16.2 +/- 0.3 mm.M
      +/- SEM) or not (16.2 +/- 0.4 mm). Forty-one patients in the non
      cholecystectomized group had gallbladder stones. Thus, 47 of our 207 patients (23
      p. 100) had neither gallbladder stones nor previous cholecystectomy. Endoscopic
      retrograde cholangiography was completed by endoscopic sphincterotomy in 130
      patients, either in the intent of not missing obstruction, or for therapeutic
      purposes. Follow-up more than one month after endoscopic retrograde
      cholangiography was available for 159 patients (77 p. 100). The median survival
      was 73 months. One hundred and ten patients (69 p. 100) were asymptomatic, 36 (23
      p. 100) had atypical abdominal pain while 13 (8 p. 100) patients had episodes of
      biliary colic and/or fever and/or jaundice. During follow-up, an initially
      unrecognized obstacle was discovered in 8 patients: 5 common bile duct stones, 2
      ampullary tumors and one pancreatic tumor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3402692
TI  - [Malignant lymphoma on a gastric stump].
AB  - We report a case of lymphoplasmocytic and immunoblastic gastric remnant lymphoma
      occurring in a 51 year-old male. This patient had undergone subtotal gastrectomy
      for a gastric peptic ulcer at age 37. Histologic findings in the initial gastric
      specimen showed a dense lymphoid infiltrate surrounding the ulcer within the
      gastric mucosa. This proliferation was grouped into distinct follicles, and was
      compatible with pseudo-lymphoma. The progression of pseudo-lymphoma to malignant
      lymphoma is suggested.

PMID- 3402693
TI  - [A case of superficial carcinoma of the esophagus on esophageal varices].
AB  - We report a case of superficial esophageal carcinoma in a patient with esophageal
      varices. Esophagogram revealed a 2 cm large irregular mucosal elevation during
      work-up for esophageal varices which was acertained on endoscopical examination
      to be carcinoma. Biopsy material showed moderately differentiated squamous cell
      carcinoma. Subtotal esophagectomy was performed followed by reconstruction by
      cervical esophagogastrostomy through the retrosternal route. Few resected cases
      of esophageal carcinomas accompanied by esophageal varices have been reported
      because 1) early radiographic abnormalities of small superficial esophageal
      carcinomas can be overlooked in the case of large varices and 2) the number of
      operable cases is limited because of associated liver cirrhosis.

PMID- 3402695
TI  - [Crohn's disease of the esophagus: early, late lesions].

PMID- 3402694
TI  - [Appendicular mucoid impaction disclosing mucoviscidosis with cirrhosis in a
      young adult without pulmonary lesion].
AB  - A 22-year-old man presented with pain in the right iliac fossa. Clinical
      examination suggested appendicitis and showed splenomegaly. Echography and
      abdominal CT-sca suggested the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis based on the
      association of signs of cirrhosis and pancreatic atrophy. The sweat test was
      positive. The hypothesis of a mucoid appendicular impaction with spontaneous
      regression was retained based on clinical and radiological signs. This atypical
      presentation of cystic fibrosis underscores the frequency of obstructive
      intestinal which occasionally reveals the disease in the adult, and on the
      absence in this case of otherwise frequently associated problems such as
      significant pulmonary disease and malnutrition.

PMID- 3402697
TI  - [Hemoperitoneum caused by rupture of the umbilical vein].

PMID- 3402698
TI  - [Primary sclerosing cholangitis: a larger spectrum?].

PMID- 3402696
TI  - [Nutcracker esophagus the guilty or the witness?].

PMID- 3402699
TI  - Plasma GRP-like immunoreactivity in healthy and diseased subjects.
AB  - Gastrin releasing peptide(GRP)-like immunoreactivity in human plasma was measured
      using radioimmunoassay of neuromedin C (NMC) in 83 healthy and 58 diseased
      subjects. In the healthy group, the mean value of fasting GRP-like
      immunoreactivity was 2.1 +/- 1.4 (mean +/- SD) pmol/L. There was a slight
      positive correlation between the GRP-like immunoreactivity values and aging.
      Postprandial serial measurements demonstrated that GRP-like immunoreactivity
      showed no response to a significant elevation of serum gastrin concentration. The
      group with chronic renal failure on hemodialysis gave the highest value, 7.1 +/-
      2.1 pmol/L (p less than 0.01). There were no statistical differences between the
      healthy controls and groups with peptic ulcer, liver cirrhosis, diabetes mellitus
      or carcinomas, although some cancer patients had a marked increase in GRP-like
      immunoreactivity value.

PMID- 3402700
TI  - Electron microscopic study of microfold cells (M cells) in normal and inflamed
      human appendix.
AB  - Electron microscopic observation was made on microfold cells (M cells) in the
      covering epithelium of the lymphoid follicle (dome epithelium) of the intestine.
      Materials consisted of ten human appendices, five of those were inflamed and
      obtained from children with acute appendicitis. The remainder was not inflamed
      macroscopically, and there was one human Peyer's patch for control. The results
      indicate that in the human appendix, the elevated surface type of M cells named
      by protruding apical cytoplasm to the lumen was more conspicuous than the
      depressed surface type. The latter type was named by shorter irregular microvilli
      than those of neighboring cells, and was present dominantly in human Peyer's
      patch. M cells with enfolded lymphocytes consisted of the stumpy type and the
      slim type in the whole shape. M cells in the inflamed appendix showed their
      apical cytoplasm swelling like a balloon and microfolds disappearing, and seemed
      vulnerable to inflammation. It is considered that the M cell surface structure
      changes not only in accordance with enfolded lymphocytes and the uptake of
      antigenic materials, but also according to the organ in which M cells are present
      and whether inflammation is present or not.

PMID- 3402701
TI  - Human serum bilirubin fractionation in various hepatobiliary diseases by the
      newly developed high performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - Serum Bilirubin was fractionated by newly developed reversed phase high
      performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) into 5 fractions: delta (delta
      Bilirubin, B delta), gamma (bilirubin diglucuronide, BDG), beta (Bilirubin
      monoglucuronide, BMG), beta' ((Z, E,)- and/or (E, Z)-bilirubin IX alpha) and
      alpha ((Z, Z)-bilirubin IX alpha). Sera of healthy subjects and of patients with
      unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia showed predominantly alpha fraction with a small
      amount of beta' fraction. Trace amounts of delta fraction were detected in a few
      cases. The results of fractionation of serum bilirubin in 159 patients with
      various hepatobiliary diseases suggested that the ratios B delta/(B delta + BDG +
      BMG) and BMG/B delta can be useful parameters to follow patients with jaundice,
      compared with the reported B delta/total bilirubin which did not always reflect
      the jaundice stage, especially in cases with low serum bilirubin levels.

PMID- 3402704
TI  - Abstracts of selected papers: 29th annual meeting of the Japanese Society of
      Gastroenterology. Kofu, Japan, November 5-7, 1987.

PMID- 3402702
TI  - Pericanalicular microfilaments of hepatocytes in patients with familial non
      hemolytic hyperbilirubinemia.
AB  - We observed pericanalicular webs (PCW) of liver cells in cases with familial non
      hemolytic hyperbilirubinemia using electron microscopy. The area and width of PCW
      were determined by morphometric methods as a way of quantitating this feature.
      The mean PCW width was 0.175 +/- 0.003 micron (mean +/- SE) in Dubin-Johnson
      syndrome and 0.184 +/- 0.005 micron in Rotor's syndrome. In both of these
      syndromes PCW width was significantly larger than that in Gilbert's syndrome
      (0.124 +/- 0.003 micron) (p less than 0.01). The mean PCW area was 0.585 +/-
      0.017 micron 2 in Dubin-Johnson syndrome and 0.582 +/- 0.030 micron 2 in Rotor's
      syndrome. Values in these two syndromes were significantly larger than that in
      Gilbert's syndrome (0.382 +/- 0.014 micron 2) (p less than 0.01). Widths and
      areas of PCW in these three syndromes were not significantly different between
      central, intermediate, and peripheral zones of the hepatic lobules. There was a
      positive correlation between serum direct bilirubin levels and widths or areas of
      PCW in these syndromes. These results suggested that disturbances of bile flow
      caused by the dysfunction of pericanalicular microfilaments are partly involved
      in the pathogenesis of Dubin-Johnson syndrome and Rotor's syndrome.

PMID- 3402705
TI  - [Gathering measurement data of human growth in height].
AB  - After a short review of 2 centuries' measurements in human body height and the
      growing effectivity of acceleration, the problems in gaining and processing of
      the data are considered. Among these there are the methods of measurement,
      selection of adequate personnel, influence of the time of day, and of seasons,
      transition from supine length to standing height at about 2 years of age,
      converting of the datum to chronological age etc. Difficulties in treating
      different sequences and length intervals of measurements are explained by 2
      examples, namely a supposed parabolic course of the growth curve for a shorter
      interval and a growth specific course from the postnatal phase until pubescence.
      The influence of the factors mentioned is expressed in tables resulting from
      specially developed formulae for interpolation. Further considerations concern
      the adaptation of measurements at ad hoc times to values for full, half, and
      quarterly years of chronological age. As graphical representations for
      percentiles of body height cannot meet this requirement, numerical data after
      Tanner et al. for British children have been used in the form of relative values.
      All contemplations in this contribution should be taken as recommendations to
      give anthropometrists a basis for further reflections.

PMID- 3402706
TI  - [Veins in the area of the mesencephalon].
AB  - The veins on the surface of the mesencephalon were measured on 100 brain halves.
      The results of this measurements are discussed with issues of earlier authors.

PMID- 3402703
TI  - Exocrine pancreatic function test by endoscopic retrograde aspiration of pure
      pancreatic juice.
AB  - The validity of endoscopic retrograde aspiration of pure pancreatic juice (PPJ)
      as an exocrine pancreatic function test was evaluated in terms of coefficients of
      variation in control subjects, reproducibility on repeated examinations, and
      sensitivity for detecting patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP). PPJ was
      obtained from, nine control subjects, four patients with suspected CP and 13 with
      CP. PPJ was collected from within the pancreatic duct by endoscopic retrograde
      catheterization of the papilla at 2-min intervals for 20 minutes after a bolus
      intravenous injection of secretin (1U/kg) and then for further 20 minutes after a
      bolus intravenous injection of CCK-PZ (1U/kg). It was recognized that endoscopic
      aspiration of PPJ was at least as useful and reliable as the traditional
      pancreozymin secretin test. Useful parameters included 10-min secretory volume
      and 10-min bicarbonate output after secretin stimulation, and 10-min enzyme
      output after CCK-PZ stimulation (lipase output showed higher sensitivity than
      amylase output). Maximal bicarbonate concentration showed poorer reproducibility
      and sensitivity despite better coefficients of variation. Lower limits in
      controls (mean-1.5SD) were 22.5ml for 10-min secretory volume, 2.7mEq for 10-min
      bicarbonate output, 24.5 x 10(3)U for 10-min amylase output and 3.4 x 10(3)IU for
      10-min lipase output.

PMID- 3402707
TI  - Patterns of correspondence between skin rings and vertebrae in gymnophiona
      (Amphibia).
AB  - The skin annulation seems to have a direct relation with the vertebral column
      segmentation. The type of rings, primary, secondary, tertiary, or quaternary set
      by binary division, probably results in an induction process during
      morphogenesis. The diverse stages of this division appear and are rubbed out from
      front to rear. The topographical correspondence is different for 3 distinct parts
      of the body: the collar, the trunk, and the posterior part. In this last region,
      we can find a more or less reduced true tail or a terminal appendage without
      vertebral element. All these new morphological data support elements of
      functional indications.

PMID- 3402709
TI  - An attempt at comparing CT images of petrous bone with analogical sections of
      anatomical specimens.
AB  - The purpose of the paper was to present comparative laminar anatomy of human
      temporal bone on the basis of cross-sections of autopsy specimens and CT scans
      made in identical thin layers. The investigations were made on 20 temporal bones
      taken during anatomopathological dissections of cadavers of men and women (aged
      40 to 60 a) without visible pathological changes in the skull. The CT
      examinations were made by means of a Siemens Somatom DR 2 apparatus, using high
      resolution programme, on 10 patients who had pathological changes in the ear. The
      obtained scans were compared with temporal bone cross-sections, schemas of
      regular anatomical relation of 8 layers corresponding to routine CT examinations
      were worked out.

PMID- 3402708
TI  - [Some remarks on the Ural-Altaic substrate in Old Canary and Etruscan languages
      as a contribution to linguistic neolithic anthropology in Eurasia and North
      Africa].
AB  - The suffixes of the nominal declension in the Old Canary and Etruscan languages
      are very similar to the corresponding elements of the Sumerian and Ural-Altaic
      tongues. Also many words of funeral and generally cultic provenance are derived
      from common roots in these languages. So one may assume that the Indoeuropean
      tongues of (West) Europe overlaid a common substratum of Ural-Altaic type which
      was alive still in the time of Megalithicum.

PMID- 3402711
TI  - Stage-dependent variation in the rat Sertoli cells nuclear volume.
AB  - A morphometric study was carried out to investigate stage-dependent variation in
      sertoli cell nuclear volume in the rat testis. sertoli cell nuclei had the
      largest volumes in stages IX to X of the seminiferous epithelium cycle (746
      microns3), and the smallest volumes in stage XIV (624 microns3). In the remaining
      stages, the nuclei presented intermediate values, without significant
      differences. The results were discussed in terms of a possible functional cyclic
      variation in the sertoli cell reflecting changes in their nuclear size.

PMID- 3402710
TI  - An immunohistochemical study of gut endocrine cells in two species of
      insectivorous vespertilinid bats (Chiroptera: Pipistrellus abramus and Plecotus
      auritus sacrimontis).
AB  - 11 endocrine cell types immunoreactive for either 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT),
      somatostatin, gastrin, cholecystokinin (CCK), gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP),
      motilin, secretin, neurotensin, pancreatic glucagon, enteroglucagon or bovine
      pancreatic polypeptide (BPP) were found in gastrointestinal tract of 2 species of
      insectivorous bats. 5 of these 11 types of endocrine cells were located in the
      stomach and all 11 types of endocrine cells were found in the intestine. However,
      the distribution and relative frequency of each immunoreactive endocrine cell
      varied among the cell types and between the 2 species of bats examined. In
      Brunner's glands, gastrin- and 5-HT-immunoreactive cells were detected very
      rarely in Pipistrellus and only occasionally in Plecotus. The present results
      obtained from the insectivorous bats were compared with those of the sanguivorous
      vampire bats.

PMID- 3402712
TI  - [Complementarity of causality and finality in biology--a report reviewing two
      lectures given at the 1987 annual meeting of the Leopoldina].
AB  - Reviews of the opening lecture of H. Mohr "The Elementary in the Science-
      Possibilities and Limits of the Reductionism" and of the final lecture of N.
      Bischof "Order and Organization as Heuristic Principles of the Reductive Way of
      Thinking" at the meeting 1987 of the Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher
      LEOPOLDINA are framed by remarks about the connections between Biology and
      Physics.

PMID- 3402713
TI  - [Definition and application of 8 anthropologic indices].
AB  - Quite recently, the existing 3 indices for the evaluation of human body
      constitution in adults have been supplemented by 5 further ones proposed by
      Komenda of the Institute of Medical Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine of the
      Palacky University of Olomouc, CSSR. This gives rise to considerations and
      comparisons of the now 8 indices the definitions of which are presented first. In
      contrast to the indices by Quetelet-Bouchard, Quetelet-Kaup-Gould and Rohrer
      Buffon-Bardeen combining body weight W and a power of body height L, the Komenda
      group of indices comprises either interrelations of weight and chest
      circumference U or of all 3 somatic seizes. For reason of adequate
      interpretation, the transfer from chest circumference to chest cross-section of
      the elliptical against a circular form is investigated and assured. Thereafter,
      the range of application is extended to the whole process of development from
      birth to adulthood, using growth series of L, U, and W as given by Marcusson and
      Oehmisch and treated with growth specific approximations after models of Sager.
      As a result tables and graphs for the improved somatic values and the course of
      the 8 indices are given complemented by the U/L-curves for males and females.

PMID- 3402714
TI  - [Morphometric studies on the lateral habenular nucleus of Wistar rats after
      bilateral excision of the superior cervical ganglia and cold exposure with
      special reference to the pineal gland].
AB  - To analyse the role of peripheral sympathetic fibres in the regulation of
      thyroxine (T4), serum thyrotropin (TSH), pituitary TSH, and nuclear size of the
      lateral habenular nuclei rats were studied 30 d after bilateral cervical
      ganglionectomy (GX). In order to examine the influence of GX at normal
      temperature (24 degrees C) and exposure to cold (10 degrees C), rats were
      subjected to a 72 h exposure to cold before killing. 4 times a day (light-dark
      cycle: 14L: 10D, light on 05h00) the rats were sacrificed: middle light, middle
      darkness, 1 h after "light on" and 1 h after "light off". Ganglion removal
      resulted in a highly significant decrease of serum-T4 and increase of serum- and
      pituitary-TSH (primary hypothyroidism). Under these circumstances, the
      karyometric findings are showing a statistically significant magnification of the
      lateral habenular nuclear volume. In contrast to GX, exposure to cold increased
      T4- and TSH-levels and reduced the lateral habenular nuclear size. GX diminished
      the effect of exposure to cold of the T4- and TSH-levels and normalized the
      habenular nuclear volume. These results indicate that there exists a negative
      correlation between T4 (but not TSH) and lateral habenular nuclear size. Under
      consideration of previous investigations of the pineal nuclear size in hypo- and
      hyperthyroid state, our results are in agreement with the hypothesis of other
      authors that it is probably an inhibitory feed-back loop between the lateral
      habenula and the pineal gland (see also the high gamma-aminobutyric acid [GABA]
      content in the habenular complex). On the other hand, it was possible to confirm
      that the habenular complex is integrated into the thyroid circuit.

PMID- 3402715
TI  - [A partially duplicated vena cava inferior: clinical, macroscopic and embryologic
      anatomy].
AB  - Anomalies of the inferior vena cava (IVC) can become unexpected obstacles during
      anterior surgery exposures of the lumbar spine. Starting from a recently observed
      case of a partially bilateral IVC, the literature, both clinical and anatomical,
      was reviewed with particular respect to the requirements of spine surgery. Based
      on extensive radiological (especially phlebographic), surgical, and anatomical
      investigations, the frequency of left sided or bilateral IVC can be figured out
      at about 2%. The embryogenesis of the variation is contested. Our observations
      comprising 45 human embryos confirm the conception according to which the
      infrarenal segment of IVC originates from the sacrocardinal (and not from the
      supracardinal) vein.

PMID- 3402716
TI  - [Studies on the tendinous compartments of the extensor muscles on the back of the
      human hand and their tendon sheaths. I].
AB  - In 47 dissected right and left hands of adults of both sexes, kept in a moist
      condition, significant practical-clinical investigations of the transitional zone
      between forearm and hand were undertaken. In particular it was sought to
      determine the characteristic sizes of the extensor retinaculum, the osteofibrous
      tunnels, the insertion tendons of the hand and finger extensor muscles, and their
      tendon sheaths. Together with the palmar carpal ligament, the 2 to 3 cm wide
      extensor retinaculum annularly surrounds the whole circumference of the carpus.
      It extends obliquely from radial-proximal to ulnar-distal and conducts the
      extensor tendons over the carpal articulations. According to recent studies, it
      is divided into a superficial and a deep fibrous layer. From the undermost
      surface, vertical and oblique septa run to the plane of the forearm and carpal
      bones. They separate the fibrous portion of the 6 tendinous compartments of the
      dorsum manus. In 8.5% of cases, an accessory and completely independent tunnel of
      the extensor pollicis brevis muscle exists in the material investigated, and in
      2.2% of cases, there is an additional tunnel for the extensor carpi radialis
      muscle. Hence, one occasionally finds 8 separate osteofibrous gliding
      compartments for the extensor muscles in the dorsal hand region. The longest
      tunnel belongs, as a rule, to the extensor digiti minimi muscle, whilst the
      widest pertains to the extensor digitorum muscle. Within the tunnel and also
      proximal and distal to it, the extensor tendons are surrounded by synovial
      sheaths. Because of its wide encroachment on the dorsum of the hand, the
      insertion tendon of the extensor digiti minimi muscle possesses the longest
      tendon sheath, measuring 68.8 mm. The next longest sheath, that of the extensor
      pollicis longus muscle, which measures 56.2 mm, begins further proximal to the
      gap of the radiocarpal articulation. In 12.8% of cases, there are divided sheaths
      of the abductor pollicis longus and of the extensor pollicis brevis muscle. The
      tendon sheath of both extensor carpi radiales muscles is frequently divided into
      2 compartments which, in 2/3 of cases, communicate. The compartment of the
      extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle, in 91.5% of cases, shares a window-like
      opening with the roof of the synovial vagina of the extensor pollicis longus
      muscle. The tendon sheath of the long extensor muscles of the fingers originates
      5 mm proximal to the forearm border of the extensor retinaculum and has a
      communal recess. The IVth tendon sheath opens distally and splays out in a glove
      like manner to some distal recesses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3402717
TI  - Influence of vincristine on the Golgi apparatus in preimplantation development of
      the mouse embryo.
AB  - The aim of our study was the evaluation of the action of vincristine (VCR) on the
      Golgi apparatus of mouse embryos from females receiving this drug. Quantitative
      and qualitative changes were investigated in 1-, 2-, 4-, and 8-cell embryos,
      morulae, and blastocysts from female mice treated with VCR in the amount of 0.075
      mg/kg body weight 5 times once weekly. The number of embryos was decreased in all
      the examined developmental stages of preimplantation development. Electron
      microscopic investigation demonstrated translocation and dispersion of the Golgi
      apparatus components and changes in their relative volume as compared with that
      of control animals. The widest changes were noted on the 4-, 8-cell embryos and
      morulae in the experimental group. In the blastocyst stage, statistically
      significant differences in the Golgi apparatus were not demonstrated between the
      experimental and the control group. The present results seem to suggest the
      existence of remote effects of VCR which may influence the development of the
      progeny of females treated with this drug.

PMID- 3402718
TI  - A bifid piriformis muscle with dual insertion.
AB  - A bifid piriformis muscle is described with the aberrant fascicle inserting into
      the trochanteric fossa along with the obturator internus and gemelli muscles. The
      sciatic nerve split to enclose the aberrant fascicle between its common peroneal
      and tibial components.

PMID- 3402719
TI  - [Morphological studies of the rat liver after experimental administration of
      carbon ashes and coal dust].
AB  - The experiments were carried out in Wistar rats which were given intratracheally
      samples of carbon ashes or soil dust in the form of the respirable fraction. The
      morphologic changes and the glycogen content in the experimental animals' livers
      were evaluated. The content of the trace elements was determined in the applied
      carbon ashes and soil dust by means of the X-rays diffraction method. The results
      of the studies show that the morphologic changes in liver depend on the kind of
      dust and are related to the content of the trace elements and the free silicon
      dioxide in the carbon ashes and the soil dust.

PMID- 3402720
TI  - [A superficial ulnar artery with high origin and atypical location].
AB  - A right and a left A. ulnaris superficialis were found, which had a high origin.
      This variety has to be seen from the view of the A. brachialis superficialis
      inferior which continues into the A. ulnaris superficialis, however, the A.
      brachialis superficialis inferior did not cross over the N. medianus as usual.
      This atypical behaviour can be explained by a proximal development of the A.
      ulnaris superficialis (up to 5 cm proximal of the Hueter's line) in absence of
      continuation of the A. brachialis superficialis inferior into the A. radialis.

PMID- 3402722
TI  - ["Openess--Aspects of Time--Complexity"--Recensorial remarks on a book of the
      same name to the theory of open systems].
AB  - The 9 papers collected in the book "Offenheit--Zeitlichkeit--Komplexitat"
      (Campus, Frankfurt/M., New York 1984, 1987) are discussed in view of their
      possible contributions to a better understanding of the phenomena arising in
      complex biological, ecological, economical, and social systems which would be the
      basis also for solving the problems caused by the enlarging technologic
      economical supersystems.

PMID- 3402723
TI  - Linkage information and bias in the presence of interference.
AB  - Although interference is an important biological phenomenon, linkage analyses
      often ignore it for computational efficiency. In this paper we examine the
      effects of ignoring interference on estimates of recombination fraction, and the
      power of statistical tests to detect interference. We show that for gametes from
      phase-known triple heterozygotes, no bias in the recombination fraction for
      adjacent loci results from the assumption of lack of interference even if
      interference is present. However, for samples from pairwise informative samples,
      there is bias introduced. An analytical form for this bias is obtained.

PMID- 3402721
TI  - [Biomechanical construction principles of the human hip joint in frontal plane].
AB  - The prognosis of hip joint function is only to determine unsatisfactory on the
      base of the knowledges of anatomy by means of inspection or angles and distances
      from X-rays as well as on the base of models known for the biomechanic of hip.
      The term "normal anatomical" hip structure is analysed with respect to functional
      biomechanical influences on its macroscopic design in frontal plane. It is shown
      to interpret the macroscopic hip design as result of an effective arrangement of
      centre of rotation and muscle forces which a minimum on energy needing for its
      function. A mathematical equation describes the skeleton-muscle-system hip
      biomechanically. This new connection between angles and distances as well as
      first easy consequences are proofed on a-p-hip radiographs of 53 normal adults.

PMID- 3402724
TI  - Possible heterogeneity in the segregation pattern of breast cancer in families
      with bilateral breast cancer.
AB  - We investigated the segregation pattern of breast cancer in families with
      bilateral breast cancer, classifying families with respect to menopausal status
      (premenopausal versus postmenopausal) and the interval between diagnosis of the
      two primary tumors in the probands. Probands were "synchronous" if both primaries
      were diagnosed within 1 year; "asynchronous" if the interval was at least 2
      years. Results for four complex segregation analyses are here presented; the
      findings support heterogeneity in the transmission of breast cancer. In the
      asynchronous premenopausal-cases-only analysis, a dominant Mendelian gene can
      explain the breast cancer pattern. A recessive gene is sufficient to describe the
      breast cancer distribution in the synchronous premenopausal-cases-only analysis.
      The synchronous all-cases and the asynchronous all-cases analyses add
      postmenopausal cases of breast cancer to the premenopausal ones, considering any
      case to be affected. In the asynchronous all-cases analysis, neither the single
      locus model nor the mixed model (that is, a major locus plus other factors,
      genetic and/or cultural) without generation differences in heritability can be
      rejected by the unrestricted mixed model with generation differences in
      heritability. For the synchronous all-cases analysis, a mixed model with
      generation differences in heritability is necessary to explain the breast cancer
      transmission. Potential sources of error and possible interpretations are
      discussed.

PMID- 3402725
TI  - Cytogenetic studies of couples with repeated spontaneous abortions of known
      karyotype.
AB  - Several cytogenetic studies have reported an increased frequency of aneuploidy in
      peripheral blood cultures of couples with multiple spontaneous abortions.
      However, in none of the studies have the chromosome constitutions of the fetuses
      been known, making it difficult to interpret these observations. In the present
      study, we summarize our cytogenetic observations on 23 couples with multiple
      miscarriages, 12 of whom had repeated chromosomally normal spontaneous abortions,
      and 11 repeated trisomic spontaneous abortions. We were unable to demonstrate a
      significant difference in the level of aneuploidy between the two groups.
      Therefore, it seems unlikely that aneuploidy detectable in peripheral blood
      preparations is an important indicator of fetal aneuploidy.

PMID- 3402726
TI  - A major simplification in the preliminary ordering of linked loci.
AB  - For ordering n loci there are n!/2 distinct orders to be evaluated. Each order
      has a different set of event probabilities where the events are the occurrence
      and nonoccurrence of recombination in each interval determined by that order. To
      choose between the distinct orders, further assumptions are necessary. The
      biologically natural one is that the recombination rate over a subinterval is
      always less than or equal to the recombination rate over the larger interval. A
      second assumption is necessary, and the one commonly made is that there is no
      interference. Using a simple matrix approach it is shown that a consequence of
      these assumptions is that the optimal order is the order with the minimum value
      of the product of the adjoining pairwise recombination rates. This result gives a
      very simple procedure for obtaining preliminary genetic maps that may be used as
      starting points for more computer-intensive, maximum-likelihood, multipoint
      techniques.

PMID- 3402727
TI  - Segregation analysis of leprosy in families of northern Thailand.
AB  - Sixty-three families with multiple instances of leprosy were identified through a
      major leprosy treatment center in northern Thailand. Complex segregation analyses
      for single major genes or polygenic inheritance were performed using the maximum
      likelihood routine POINTER to determine the most likely etiologic model of
      genetic susceptibility. Liability differences between men and women were
      considered in these models. When individuals were considered to be affected
      because they had any form of leprosy, a generalized major gene model with nearly
      dominant parameters on the liability scale, but additive penetrances, was found
      to be the most likely. When only those individuals who had tuberculoid forms of
      leprosy were considered to be affected, a recessive model was found to be the
      most likely; however, the discrimination between various models was poor. Further
      analyses are necessary to delineate genetic mechanisms to explain these
      apparently divergent results. In particular, methods of testing two locus models
      should be considered.

PMID- 3402728
TI  - The primary personality factors of younger adolescent Hawaiians.
AB  - A factor-analytic investigation was conducted to determine whether the primary
      personality factors of young adolescent Hawaiians were the same as the primary
      personality factors postulated by Cattell for adolescents on the United States
      mainland and in Germany. Responses of 584 Hawaiian adolescents (M age = 12.13
      years) to a questionnaire that included items based on the High School
      Personality Questionnaire (IPAT, 1973) were analyzed by a procedure that adhered
      closely to Cattell's recommendations. The seven factors that were derived have
      been encountered in previous factor-analytic investigations, but, as a set, they
      correspond neither to the primary personality factors postulated by Cattell nor
      to factors postulated by other theorists who have also adopted a factorial
      approach to personality. They are, however, especially relevant to some
      psychoanalytic theories of personality.

PMID- 3402729
TI  - Response variations to Stroop color-word stimuli.
AB  - Reaction times (RTs) and net interference measures were obtained for 64 Stroop
      color-word stimuli from 8 common colors. Subjects were 64 college students, 32 of
      each sex. The incongruous stimulus was designated as either the ink
      interpretation different from the word or the word interpretation different from
      the ink. Consistently large variations within Stroop stimuli and Word x Ink
      interactions were found. Complex qualitative and quantitative differences were
      revealed between sexes. Females had faster RTs, but showed no significant
      superiority in measured net interference. The derived rank orders of net
      interference between sexes were correlated when using the ink, but not when using
      the word. Neither word nor ink were related in ranking RTs. For net interference,
      however, derived RTs were highly related for women using the ink interpretation,
      but not when using the word; they were unrelated for men using either
      interpretation. Two interrference types were highly correlated for women, but not
      for men. An additional experiment with a color-blind group cast an interesting
      light on the issue. Our Stroop data, rank ordered by sex for each measure, may
      assist viable theory constructions, including the context-dependent interaction
      hypothesis.

PMID- 3402730
TI  - Genetic and physical analysis of the M26 recombination hotspot of
      Schizosaccharomyces pombe.
AB  - The ade6-M26 mutation of Schizosaccharomyces pombe has previously been reported
      to stimulate ade6 intragenic meiotic recombination. We report here that the ade6
      M26 mutation is a single G----T nucleotide change, that M26 stimulated
      recombination within ade6 but not at other distinct loci, and that M26 stimulated
      meiotic but not mitotic recombination. In addition, M26 stimulated recombination
      within ade6 when M26 is homozygous; this result demonstrates that a base-pair
      mismatch at the M26 site was not required for the stimulation. These results are
      consistent with the ade6-M26 mutation creating a meiotic recombination initiation
      site.

PMID- 3402731
TI  - The discoidin I gene family of Dictyostelium discoideum is linked to genes
      regulating its expression.
AB  - The discoidin I protein has been studied extensively as a marker of early
      development in the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum. However, like
      most other developmentally regulated proteins in this system, no reliable
      information was available on the linkage of the discoidin genes to other known
      genes. Analysis of the linkage of the discoidin I genes by use of restriction
      fragment length polymorphisms revealed that all three discoidin I genes as well
      as a pseudogene are located on linkage group II. This evidence is consistent with
      the discoidin I genes forming a gene cluster that may be under the control of a
      single regulatory element. The discoidin I genes are linked to three genetic loci
      (disA, motA, daxA) that affect the expression of the discoidin I protein. Linkage
      of the gene family members to regulatory loci may be important in the coordinate
      maintenance of the gene family and regulatory loci. A duplication affecting the
      entire discoidin gene family is also linked to group II; this appears to be a
      small tandem duplication. This duplication was mapped using a DNA polymorphism
      generated by insertion of the Tdd-3 mobile genetic element into a Tdd-2 element
      flanking the gamma gene. A probe for Tdd-2 identified a restriction fragment
      length polymorphism in strain AX3K that was consistent with generation by a
      previously proposed Tdd-3 insertion event. A putative duplication or
      rearrangement of a second Tdd-2 element on linkage group IV of strain AX3K was
      also identified. This is the first linkage information available for mobile
      genetic elements in D. discoideum.

PMID- 3402734
TI  - A sampling theory of selectively neutral alleles in a subdivided population.
AB  - Ewens' sampling distribution is investigated for a structured population. Samples
      are assumed to be taken from a single subpopulation that exchanges migrants with
      other subpopulations. A complete description of the probability distribution for
      such samples is not a practical possibility but an equilibrium approximation can
      be found. This approximation extracts the information necessary for constructing
      a continuous approximation to the complete distribution using known values of the
      distribution and its derivatives in randomly mating populations. It is shown that
      this approximation is as complete a description of a single biologically
      realistic subpopulation as is possible given standard uncertainties about the
      actual size of the migration rates, relative sizes of each of the subpopulations
      and other factors that might affect the genetic structure of a subpopulation. Any
      further information must be gained at the expense of generality. This
      approximation is used to investigate the effect of population subdivision on
      Watterson's test of neutrality. It is known that the infinite allele, sample
      distribution is independent of mutation rate when made conditional on the number
      of alleles in the sample. It is shown that the conditional, infinite allele,
      sample distribution from this approximation is also independent of population
      structure and hence Watterson's test is still approximately valid for subdivided
      populations.

PMID- 3402735
TI  - Pseudo-random mating populations. In celebration of the 80th anniversary of the
      Hardy-Weinberg law.
AB  - That random mating leads to Hardy-Weinberg distribution of genotypes is well
      known. This report is to show that, if the deviations from random mating are of a
      certain pattern, the offspring generation will also be in Hardy-Weinberg
      proportions. This brings out the fact that random mating is a sufficient
      condition, not a necessary one, for the attainment of the Hardy-Weinberg
      proportions. Such nonrandom-mating populations are tentatively said to be pseudo
      random mating. Pseudo-random-mating populations exist for both autosomal and sex
      linked systems with two or multiple alleles. This report covers the basic case of
      a two-allele autosomal locus in detail, but the possible extension to two loci
      and cytonuclear systems have also been mentioned in discussion.

PMID- 3402732
TI  - Estimation of mutation rates based on the analysis of polypeptide constituents of
      cultured human lymphoblastoid cells.
AB  - A subclone of a human diploid lymphoblastoid cell line, TK-6, with consistently
      high cloning efficiency has been used to estimate the rates of somatic mutations
      on the basis of protein variation detected by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis. A panel of 267 polypeptide spots per gel was screened,
      representing the products of approximately 263 unselected loci. The rate of human
      somatic mutation in vitro was estimated by measuring the proportion of protein
      variants among cell clones isolated at various times during continuous
      exponential growth of a TK-6 cell population. Three mutants of spontaneous origin
      were observed, giving an estimated spontaneous rate of 6 x 10(-8) electrophoretic
      mutations per allele per cell generation (i.e., 1.2 x 10(-7) per locus per cell
      generation). Following treatment of cells with N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea, a total of
      74 confirmed variants at 54 loci were identified among 1143 clones analyzed
      (approximately 601,000 allele tests). The induced variants include 65
      electromorphs which exhibit altered isoelectric charge and/or apparent molecular
      weight and nine nullimorphs for each of which a gene product was not detected at
      its usual location on the gel. The induced frequency for these 65 structural gene
      mutants is 1.1 x 10(-4) per allele. An excess of structural gene mutations at ten
      known polymorphic loci and repeat mutations at these and other loci suggest
      nonrandomness of mutation in human somatic cells. Nullimorphs occurring at three
      heterozygous loci in TK-6 cells may be caused by genetic processes other than
      structural gene mutation.

PMID- 3402733
TI  - The evolution of the Y chromosome with X-Y recombination.
AB  - A theoretical population genetic model is developed to explore the consequences
      of X-Y recombination in the evolution of sex chromosome polymorphism. The model
      incorporates one sex-determining locus and one locus subject to natural
      selection. Both loci have two alleles, and the rate of classical meiotic
      recombination between the loci is r. The alleles at the sex-determining locus
      specify whether the chromosome is X or Y, and the alleles at the selected locus
      are arbitrarily labeled A and a. Natural selection is modeled as a process of
      differential viabilities. The system can be expressed in terms of three
      recurrence equations, one for the frequency of A on the X-bearing gametes
      produced by females, one for each of the frequency of A on the X- and Y-bearing
      gametes produced by males. Several special cases are examined, including X
      chromosome dominance and symmetric selection. Unusual equilibria are found with
      the two sexes having very different allele frequencies at the selected locus. A
      significant finding is that the allowance of recombination results in a much
      greater opportunity for polymorphism of the Y chromosome. Tighter linkage results
      in a greater likelihood for equilibria with a large difference between the sex
      chromosomes in allele frequency.

PMID- 3402736
TI  - A rapid and efficient method for targeted random mutagenesis.
AB  - We describe a new rapid method for random introduction of single-nucleotide (nt)
      substitutions into a small segment of cloned DNA. A DNA fragment containing a
      sequence to be mutagenized is inserted into a multiple cloning site sequence of a
      vector plasmid. The plasmid is linearized with two adjacent cuts (generating 5'
      and 3' protruding ends) and then synchronously and unidirectionally digested with
      exonuclease III (Exo III) so that the 3' termini generated are localized within
      the target region. A non-complementary alpha-thiophosphate nucleotide is
      misincorporated into the 3' terminus generated by Exo III. Since the nucleotide
      analogue is resistant to the 3'-5' exonuclease activity of DNA polymerase I, its
      misincorporation into the 3' termini is irreversible. Then, the single-stranded
      region is filled-in with four canonical nucleotides, and the plasmid is
      recircularized. This procedure was used to mutagenize a specific region of the
      rnpB gene of E. coli. By sequencing 72 randomly selected clones, we found that 27
      clones (37.5%) had nucleotide substitutions distributed within the desired region
      of a 55-nt-long segment of the gene. The procedure is simple and is applicable to
      any DNA molecule.

PMID- 3402737
TI  - Differential diagnosis of gait disorders in the elderly.
AB  - Gait is a complex set of simultaneous movements. Though a complete understanding
      of the many patterns and characteristics of gait requires special equipment,
      expertise, and experience, simple gait observation can yield valuable information
      to the clinician. Many multiple chronic diseases and disabilities may predispose
      to a decline in mobility with aging and are reviewed in this article. An approach
      to the investigation of gait disorders is suggested.

PMID- 3402738
TI  - Legal and ethical guidelines for physicians in geriatric terminal care.
AB  - In the American legal system, the right to refuse treatment--the right, in other
      words, to be "let alone"--is an important aspect of autonomy and individuality.
      In health care decision making, people rarely choose to have no treatment at all,
      but usually choose from among various forms of medical treatment. Even when
      aggressive technological options are rejected, patients will often elect to have
      intensive nursing and pain control. Sometimes they choose to forego treatment and
      risk hastening death. Particularly among the elderly, a series of small decisions
      may have to be made as health status worsens over time. No matter what the
      decision, in observing patients' wishes, physicians will find support in current
      ethical and legal concepts.

PMID- 3402739
TI  - A commonly overlooked diagnosis leads to neurologic consequences.

PMID- 3402740
TI  - The development of severe proliferative vitreoretinopathy after retinal
      detachment surgery. Grade B: a determining risk factor.
AB  - A prospective clinical study was conducted to determine wether preoperative
      proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), grade B, was a significant risk factor in
      the development of severe PVR after surgery for retinal detachment repair. Two
      series of consecutive retinal detachments associated with horseshoe retinal tears
      were compared. The first series included 40 eyes of 40 patients with preoperative
      PVR, grade O-A. The second series included 30 eyes of 27 patients with
      preoperative PVR, grade B. All eyes were operated on with conventional
      microsurgical techniques. At the first operation, no vitrectomies were carried
      out in any eyes. The incidence of postoperative PVR, grades C and D, was 20%
      (6/30 eyes) after a single operation in the series of eyes with preoperative PVR,
      grade B as compared to 0% in the series of eyes with preoperative PVR, grade O-A.
      The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P = 0.01).
      It was also found that the incidence of postoperative proliferative PVR was
      significantly higher in eyes with preoperative vitreous hemorrhage (30.7%) as
      compared to eyes with no preoperative vitreous hemorrhage (0%; P = 0.02).
      Incomplete posterior vitreous detachment without collapse of the vitreous gel
      occurred significantly more frequently in eyes with preoperative proliferative
      vitreoretinopathy, grade B (68.4%, than in eyes with preoperative proliferative
      vitreoretinopathy, grade O-A (27.5%; P = 0.02).

PMID- 3402741
TI  - Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy: classification of field defects by Octopus
      automated static perimetry.
AB  - Visual fields of patients with anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) were
      classified according to quantitative criteria, using the Octopus perimeter.
      Although a significant altitudinal pattern of field loss was found in 55% of
      perimetric examinations, the "spared" hemifields routinely showed some loss of
      sensitivity. This finding, along with the diffuse loss of sensitivity in a high
      percentage of visual fields, indicates more extensive involvement of the
      circulation of the anterior optic nerve head than has previously been suggested.
      Furthermore, patients with diabetes mellitus alone were found to have a
      statistically separable pattern of visual field loss. The pathophysiologic
      implications of the visual fields in AION and their relationship to the clinical
      findings were investigated.

PMID- 3402742
TI  - Size of the optic nerve scleral canal and comparison with intravital
      determination of optic disc dimensions.
AB  - Diameters, area, and form of the optic nerve scleral canal were measured in 107
      freshly enucleated, unfixed, human donor eyes. Macrophotographs of the sectioned
      posterior fundus pole were provided with a millimeter scale and evaluated
      planimetrically. They revealed a surprising variation: area: 2.59 +/- 0.72 mm2
      (minimum 0.68 mm2, maximum 4.42 mm2); minimal diameter: 1.67 +/- 0.72 mm; maximal
      diameter: 1.92 +/- 0.32 mm. The mean form factor was 0.92 +/- 0.11 and the
      quotient of minimal to maximal diameter 0.86 +/- 0.11, indicating a slightly oval
      nearly round form. The coefficients of variation of the method's reproducibility
      were 0.005 for intraobserver and 0.02 for interobserver determination. The size
      values of these optic nerve scleral canals were not significantly (Wilcoxon-Mann
      Whitney test) different from than those of 100 unselected optic discs that had
      been determined intravitally using Littmann's method. This indicates the
      reliability of Littmann's method for the intravital measurement of the optic
      nerve head in absolute dimensions.

PMID- 3402744
TI  - Macular flecks in a 5-year-old boy with Alport's syndrome.
AB  - We examined a Japanese family with Alport's syndrome; four members of family
      showed hematuria or renal failure and two had a hearing disturbance. The proband
      was a 5-year-old boy who had hematuria but normal renal function and yellow-white
      flecks in the perimacular region of both eyes.

PMID- 3402743
TI  - The relationship between digital and ocular vasospasm.
AB  - The study evaluates whether ocular vasospasms, as determined by visual field
      tests, are related to a patient history of cold hands and to microscopic findings
      of the nailfold capillaries. The visual fields of patients with ocular vasospasms
      may deteriorate after exposing one hand to cold water and may improve after
      administration of nifedipine. Local cooling of the fingers of patients with
      vasospastic tendencies results in a significant reduction of capillary blood
      flow, typically down to a standstill of several seconds. The study reveals a
      statistically significant relationship between a patient history of cold hands
      and both the outcome of the perimetric and capillaroscopic tests. Furthermore,
      the perimetric results correlated significantly with the capillaroscopic results.

PMID- 3402745
TI  - Strabismus in craniofacial dysostosis.
AB  - Ten infants and children who presented with craniofacial dysostosis are
      discussed; four had Apert's syndrome, four had Crouzon's syndrome, one had
      Pfeiffer's syndrome, and one had hypertelorism. The follow-up of the patients
      ranged from 3 months to 7 years, with an average of 19 months. Patients had
      bifrontal and biparietal craniectomies to correct frontal and temporal orbital
      retrusion, while two had left unilateral procedures only. One patient (T.S.) had
      had three similar procedures before he was 3 years old and patient B.B. had two
      before he was 11 months old due to the complete failure of bony orbital growth.
      Before the cranial surgery, one patient had a preexisting esotropia with
      bilateral congenital sixth nerve paresis, one had a V-pattern exotropia, and one
      had a right intermittent hypotropia due to right superior rectus weakness. In no
      case was there a change in the ocular alignment after infantile craniectomy.
      There were assorted ophthalmologic anomalies, such as congenital bilateral sixth
      nerve paresis, absent superior rectus function, bilateral ptosis in addition to
      absent superior rectus function, and two patients presented with frank and
      repeated exorbitism.

PMID- 3402746
TI  - Stage I intraoperative adjustment of eye muscle surgery under general anesthesia:
      consideration of graduated adjustment.
AB  - The eyes diverge under general anesthesia. The amount of divergence is
      predictable; there is a linear relationship between the preoperative and the
      anesthetized eye position. We have confirmed Apt and Isenberg's regression
      formula for this relationship (A = 0.8 P + 30). We have previously also reported
      that adjusting the amount of surgery to be done (stage I adjustment) in cases
      deviating from this correlation by one standard deviation or more (anomalous)
      significantly improved our surgical success rate to 85%. Since a fixed arbitrary
      adjustment of 1 mm more or less surgery had improved our surgical success rate
      significantly, but still left room for higher success rates, we reviewed our
      anomalous cases to determine whether a graduated adjustment might be expected to
      produce even higher success rates. A review of cases including additional ones
      since our last report failed to support this hypothesis. Satisfactory results in
      these most recent cases have, however, almost doubled the surgical success rate
      (in anomalous cases) for our stage I fixed arbitrary 1 mm intraoperative
      adjustment, from 47% to 90%.

PMID- 3402747
TI  - Ocular torsion: sensorimotor principles.
AB  - Eye movements are basically limited to two degrees of freedom, as described by
      Donders' and Listing's laws. Complex patterns of innervation maintain the
      geometric constancy of the retinal meridians, presumably via visual feedback
      acting through orientation-specific neurons in the cortex. Interactions between
      torsional and vertical movements of the eyes can be demonstrated by stimulating
      ocular torsion and detecting secondary vertical deviations. Geometric
      considerations show that significant peripheral disparities occur with
      convergence and eye movements, dictating large Panum's fusional areas in the
      periphery. Good visual acuity in man must thus be limited to the fovea, but the
      large peripheral Panum's fusional areas allow sensory cyclofusion of up to 8
      degrees. In addition, motor cyclofusion occurs in the presence of large-field
      stimuli, further helping to minimize problems from torsional diplopia both in
      normal individuals and in patients with ocular motor pareses.

PMID- 3402748
TI  - Development of the connective tissue of the extraocular muscles and clinical
      significance.
AB  - Mesectodern is an accurate term to describe the cellular origin of the connective
      tissue of the eye other than the eye muscles and vascular endothelium. The
      present study demonstrates that the tendons of origin and insertion, as well as
      the belly of the extraocular muscle, develops at the same time.

PMID- 3402750
TI  - Side effects in excimer corneal surgery. DNA damage as a result of 193 nm excimer
      laser radiation.
AB  - UV radiation is known to cause actinic damage to the DNA. Excimer laser light,
      possibly used for keratorefractive surgery, should not produce this damage, as
      the penetration depth is far less than the diameter of a cell. However,
      photoreactivation experiments with yeast cells show a significant amount of DNA
      repair after excimer irradiation. The zone of influence of a small slitlike
      exposure has a diameter of 2 cm. Consequently, the limbus, the critical location
      of epithelial neoplasia, always lies within the sphere of actinic damage.
      Radiation damage is induced by secondary radiation rather than by direct
      interaction.

PMID- 3402749
TI  - Demonstration of mononuclear phagocytes in a human epiretinal membrane using a
      monoclonal anti-human macrophage antibody.
AB  - Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), the major complication of rhegmatogenous
      retinal detachment and posterior segment ocular trauma, is a multistage disease
      process eventually resulting in traction retinal detachment. The migration of
      macrophages to a site of disrupted barriers between the vitreous, retina, and
      choroidea, respectively, is considered to be an important step in the early
      pathogenesis of PVR. In this study, we demonstrate the presence of numerous
      mononuclear phagocytes in a human PVR membrane by an APAAP (alkaline phosphatase
      anti-alkaline phosphatase) immunostain using a monoclonal mouse anti-human
      macrophage antibody. This finding correlates with a highly positive fibronectin
      immunostain in the same specimen. Our results warrant further investigation of
      the involvement of mononuclear phagocytes in vitreoretinal proliferative
      disorders.

PMID- 3402751
TI  - Side effects in excimer corneal surgery. Corneal thermal gradients.
AB  - Thermal loading is a significant side effect during excimer laser surgery of the
      cornea. The maximal temperature rise, which is dependent on fluence and
      repetition rate of the radiation, amounts to 20 degrees C in excised corneas and
      7.5 degrees C in the in situ cornea. The temperature decreases exponentially with
      increasing distance from the incision with a half-value distance of 610 +/- 100
      micron. Exposure parameters are recommended to avoid temperature rises greater
      than 11 degrees C.

PMID- 3402752
TI  - Differentiation of the ciliary muscle in the human embryo and fetus.
AB  - In human embryos and fetuses with a gestation age of 10.3 to 22 weeks,
      differentiation of the ciliary muscle was examined both by light and transmission
      electron microscopy. The smooth muscle cells develop from mesenchymal elements or
      early fibroblasts located in the region between the anterior scleral condensation
      and the ciliary pigment epithelium. The first musclelike cells exhibiting
      myofilaments and dense bodies could be distinguished during week 12. Smooth
      muscle cells with an adultlike appearance become apparent during week 15/16. Up
      to week 22, a cellular maturation process can be observed. Fibroblasts separating
      the muscle cell layers from each other also derive from the same precursor cells,
      as do the smooth muscle cells, thereby pointing to the close relationship between
      the two cell types.

PMID- 3402753
TI  - Is the experimental naphthalene cataract a model for human senile cataract?
AB  - The development of naphthalene cataract in rabbits is described, photographed in
      detail, and compared with different types of senile cataract in man. The
      naphthalene cataract can serve as a model for subcapsular senile cataract in man,
      but not for others.

PMID- 3402755
TI  - Treatment of retinal detachment with congenital optic pit by krypton laser
      photocoagulation.

PMID- 3402754
TI  - The significance of fibronectin in vitreoretinal pathology. A critical
      evaluation.
AB  - Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is characterized by cellular proliferation
      and the formation of intravitreal and periretinal membranes predisposing to
      traction retinal detachment. Recently, fibronectin, a high-molecular
      glycoprotein, has been attributed an important role in the pathogenesis of PVR.
      In order to evaluate the significance of fibronectin as a diagnostic order
      prognostic marker for PVR, we determined levels of immunoreactive fibronectin in
      59 human vitreous specimens by a noncompetitive ELISA technique. Before this
      study, fibronectin levels in the vitreous had not been investigated taking both
      protein and iron levels into consideration. The vitreous was obtained during
      vitrectomies performed for a broad spectrum of vitreoretinal disorders. Our
      measurements suggest that the amount of intravitreal fibronectin may be
      correlated with the severity of a manifested disorder rather than being
      diagnostic for PVR. As long as plasma-derived fibronectin cannot be
      differentiated from other tissue fibronectins, however, the concentration of this
      glycoprotein is not a reliable indicator of intraocular proliferative activity.
      The values for all three parameters--fibronectin, protein, and iron--were
      significantly higher in revitrectomy samples compared to patients undergoing a
      first vitrectomy. A somewhat surprising result was a high level of fibronectin in
      the vitreous of two patients with macular pucker.

PMID- 3402756
TI  - [Hygienic assessment of wash waters from filtration facilities at water supply
      stations].

PMID- 3402757
TI  - [Migration of sodium, potassium and cesium-137 in the soil-plant chain].

PMID- 3402758
TI  - [Hygienic assessment of working conditions in the manufacture of carbon fibers
      based on polyacrylonitrile].

PMID- 3402759
TI  - [Dynamics of the functional state of students at a professional-technical school
      during training for the profession of telemechanic].

PMID- 3402760
TI  - [Morbidity, physical development and functional state of the body exposed to
      different types and degrees of environmental pollution].

PMID- 3402762
TI  - [Quantitative assessment and prediction of coefficients of the combined action of
      chemical substances and natural physical factors].

PMID- 3402761
TI  - [Characteristics of the manifestations of carcinogenesis due to the combined
      action of benz(a)pyrene and phenol in relation to the mode of entry into the
      body].

PMID- 3402763
TI  - [Budgeting the time of students--an important criterion in the hygienic
      assessment of the organization of teaching in higher schools of learning].

PMID- 3402764
TI  - [State and prospects of the development of physico-chemical research methods in
      solving problems of environmental hygiene].

PMID- 3402766
TI  - [Spectrophotometric determination of active and disperse dyes jointly present in
      the air of work areas].

PMID- 3402765
TI  - [Gas chromatographic determination of chladons and products of their
      transformation in the air of work areas].

PMID- 3402767
TI  - [Effect of vibration on the permeability of cell membranes of pacinian
      corpuscles].

PMID- 3402768
TI  - [Accumulation of 134 Cs by agricultural crops and soil through the intake of the
      radionuclide with irrigation water].

PMID- 3402770
TI  - [Organization of the hygienic control of the work of school children in work and
      recreational camps].

PMID- 3402769
TI  - [Experience in the public health substantiation of the possibility of disposing
      of food-related wastes on the property of an industrial complex].

PMID- 3402771
TI  - [Publications in the press on the problem of risk factors in the major
      cardiovascular diseases].

PMID- 3402772
TI  - [Determination of the adaptation reactions of the body during the hygienic
      regulation of metal aerosols in the atmospheric air].

PMID- 3402774
TI  - [Development of different species of bacteria and microscopic fungi in an
      environment contaminated by diesel fuel].

PMID- 3402773
TI  - [Hygienic substantiation of the maximum allowable concentrations of sumicidin in
      atmospheric air].

PMID- 3402777
TI  - [Comparative assessment of the physical development of children aged 8-11 years].

PMID- 3402776
TI  - [Experimental assessment of the combined effect of copper and lead compounds].

PMID- 3402775
TI  - [Comparative analysis of the effect of muscle loading and loss of body weight on
      various physiological functions of sportsmen].

PMID- 3402779
TI  - [Hygienic efficacy of automatic driving equipment of tractors and self-propelled
      agricultural machines].

PMID- 3402778
TI  - [Anthropometric data of the crew of a marine transport fleet and their
      significance for optimizing the ergonomic requirements of modern ships].

PMID- 3402781
TI  - [The state of the upper respiratory passages in subjects working with weather
      charts].

PMID- 3402780
TI  - [A method of quantitative assessment of the combined effect of mixtures of
      pesticides administered consecutively to laboratory animals non-acute
      experiments].

PMID- 3402782
TI  - [Biological reactions to prolonged round-the-clock noise].

PMID- 3402783
TI  - [Wool dust as a biological noxa].

PMID- 3402784
TI  - [Hygienic substantiation of the possibility of using norplasts based on
      polyolefins in food outlets of an agribusiness complex].

PMID- 3402785
TI  - [Hygienic assessment of activities at preparatory departments of music schools].

PMID- 3402786
TI  - [Indices of visual work capacity and occupational suitability of adolescents for
      certain specialties in the electronic industry].

PMID- 3402787
TI  - [Determination of the sanitary protective zone and control of radiation emitted
      from 2-channel meteorological radiolocators].

PMID- 3402788
TI  - [Behavioral and biochemical parameters of the state of the body of white rats
      exposed monthly to microwave irradiation].

PMID- 3402789
TI  - [238 U and 226 Ra in drinking water].

PMID- 3402791
TI  - [Role of the family in forming a healthy way of life].

PMID- 3402790
TI  - [Combined effect on the body of a mixture of volatile products of thermo
      oxidative decomposition of B-3V lubricating oil and physical loading].

PMID- 3402792
TI  - [Use of physical culture means of preventing neurocirculatory dystonia in
      students].

PMID- 3402793
TI  - [Polarographic determination of copper, lead, cadmium, nickel, zinc and manganese
      in atmospheric air].

PMID- 3402794
TI  - [Assessment of the suitability of protective boxes made of organic glass for the
      long-term maintenance of experimental animals].

PMID- 3402795
TI  - [Comparative assessment of lysozyme activity in saliva and urine as an indicator
      of the harmful effect of factors of low intensity].

PMID- 3402796
TI  - [Determination of bismuth in biological material by the method of alternating
      current polarography].

PMID- 3402797
TI  - [Use of gas chromatography for the analysis of air and soil].

PMID- 3402798
TI  - [Modification of a method of determining methanol in the air].

PMID- 3402799
TI  - [Additivity as the main factor in the assessment of the combined effect of
      chemical substances].

PMID- 3402800
TI  - [Experience in the use of improved aspiration equipment during the sampling of
      atmospheric air in the work of a city sanitary and epidemiological station].

PMID- 3402801
TI  - [Biological action of Acrex and substantiation of its maximum allowable
      concentration in atmospheric air].

PMID- 3402802
TI  - [Toxico-genetic assessment of formaldehyde during inhalation exposure].

PMID- 3402803
TI  - [Hygienic standardization of rubidium in reservoir waters].

PMID- 3402804
TI  - [Hygienic standardization of the agelon content of the soil].

PMID- 3402805
TI  - [Levels of hexachlorophene on the skin of subjects wearing disposable viscose
      antimicrobial underwear under conditions of increased sweating].

PMID- 3402806
TI  - [The potential atherogenic risk of the pesticide acetochlor].

PMID- 3402807
TI  - [Complex study of the composition of volatile products of epoxy resins using the
      method of proton-magnetic resonance and gas-liquid chromatography].

PMID- 3402808
TI  - [Kinematics of the synthetic detergent "Lotos" in a liver perfusion system in the
      rat].

PMID- 3402810
TI  - [Chronic effect of an alternating electric field on the endocrine system in white
      mice].

PMID- 3402809
TI  - [Effect of different routes of administration of chlorine derivatives of phenoxy
      acids on microsomal oxidation in the liver].

PMID- 3402811
TI  - [Study of the toxic action of nitric oxide].

PMID- 3402812
TI  - Cross-tolerance between amineptine, an atypical antidepressant and cocaine in
      mice.
AB  - The effects of amineptine and cocaine on locomotor activity were studied in two
      sets of experiments, by using C57BL/6 mice. In a first set, activity enhancements
      were evident following acute administration of both drugs. In addition to that
      the effects of amineptine were additive with those of cocaine. In a second set of
      experiments, mice developed tolerance to the stimulatory effects of both
      amineptine and cocaine, and a clear cross-tolerance effect was evident in mice
      chronically injected with these drugs. The results are discussed in terms of the
      involvement of dopaminergic mechanisms in the activity stimulating action of
      amineptine.

PMID- 3402813
TI  - Pyroglutamic acid improves learning and memory capacities in old rats.
AB  - The effects of the arginine salt of pyroglutamic acid (2-oxo-pyrrolidone
      carboxylic acid, PCA) on learning and memory capacities of old rats were studied
      in a subchronic treatment schedule (i.p. injection of 0.1 and 1 g/kg/day for 15
      days). The acquisition and extinction of active avoidance behaviour were studied
      in a pole-jumping test situation. The retention of passive avoidance response was
      examined in a step-through passive avoidance task. PCA facilitated the rate of
      acquisition of pole-jumping response, and inhibited the extinction of the
      response. The dose of 1 g/kg was more potent than 0.1 g/kg in this respect. Also
      in the passive avoidance task, the treatment with PCA was followed by an
      improvement of avoidance retention. These results indicate that PCA is a
      behaviourally active compound in that it improves learning and memory capacities
      in old rat.

PMID- 3402814
TI  - Blink reflex in 57 parkinsonian patients with correlation between the clinical
      and electrophysiological parameters.
AB  - An electrophysiological study of the blink reflex was undertaken in 25 control
      subjects and in 57 patients with Parkinson's disease. An increase in the
      ipsilateral and contralateral late response was the most evident finding. The
      excitability cycle of recovery of the R2 component of the blink reflex after a
      prior conditioning shock was enhanced in the patients. A statistically
      significant correlation was established between the increase in the late response
      and the severity of akinesia and rigidity.

PMID- 3402815
TI  - Analgesic property of white noise: an experimental study.
AB  - The analgesic property of white noise was assessed in 100 healthy volunteer
      students. Each of them was asked to self administer electrical square wave
      impulses in order to determine 3 physiological parameters of pain sensation:
      perception threshold, pain threshold and pain tolerance. These measurements were
      first performed without any acoustic stimulation and then with a 100 dB white
      noise. The results showed that the 3 thresholds were significantly increased
      under white noise. However, the relatively lower average increase obtained for
      pain threshold and tolerance compared to the perception level, and the great
      variability of the analgesic efficiency of white noise among subjects, show that
      this analgesic process is not reliable enough to be useful in medical or dental
      practice.

PMID- 3402816
TI  - Changes in alcohol consumption during a ten-year follow-up among Finnish men aged
      55-74 years.
AB  - Drinking patterns, changes in alcohol consumption from 1974 to 1984 and
      socioeconomic, social, health and health-related variables associated with
      changes were studied in a male cohort born 1900-1919 and living either in eastern
      or in southwestern Finland. The average alcohol consumption and drinking pattern
      did not change to any significant extent among these Finnish men with increasing
      age, though some individual changes happened. Most aging or aged Finnish men did
      not react to social stressors or worsening of health by changing alcohol
      consumption.

PMID- 3402817
TI  - Migraine and other clinical syndromes in children affected by EEG occipital spike
      wave complexes.
AB  - Twenty EEG recordings obtained in children showed temporo-parieto occipital or
      temporo-occipital spikes or spike-wave complexes suppressed by eye-opening.
      Patients showed different neurological syndromes: classic migraine,
      vertebrobasilar migraine, visual phenomena, epilepsy, psychomotor retardation.
      Thirteen subjects were affected by epileptic seizures, which were preceded by
      visual phenomena in 12 cases. In 6 cases, a combination of classic migraine,
      visual phenomena and seizures was found. In one case of vertebrobasilar migraine,
      seizures occurred 5 years after the first episode of migraine. Follow-up data
      indicate a non-benign evolution of occipital epilepsy: partial or generalized
      seizures persisted in 13 treated cases. Moreover, the EEG finding of occipital
      spike-wave complexes seems to extend to different neurological syndromes.

PMID- 3402819
TI  - Sweating patterns in humans: II. Heat-induced forehead sweating and cutaneous
      temperature in healthy individuals.
AB  - A comparison of heat-induced forehead sweating and cutaneous temperature patterns
      has been carried out in 17 healthy individuals (a total of 54 measurements). Only
      minor asymmetries in facial sweating and temperature were observed. No
      significant correlation between sweating and cutaneous temperature was found. The
      reproducibility of the method was excellent.

PMID- 3402818
TI  - Nutritional status and autonomic nervous system function.
AB  - Autonomic function was studied in 20 undernourished subjects without medical or
      neurologic disease (aged 20 to 66 years, mean age 36) and compared to 30 well
      nourished subjects (age 20 to 65 years, mean age 40). Anthropometric measurements
      were performed (height, weight, triceps skinfold thickness, arm muscle
      circumference). The Valsalva manoeuvre and the immediate heart rate response to
      lying down test (S/L) were performed to study autonomic functions. The Valsalva
      ratio was 1.56 +/- 0.29 for controls and 1.66 +/- 0.34 for undernourished
      subjects (p greater than 0.1). The S/L ratio showed a significant difference (p
      less than 0.001) between controls (1.278 +/- 0.13) and undernourished subjects
      (1.06 +/- 0.07).

PMID- 3402820
TI  - Extrapyramidal symptoms and flunarizine.

PMID- 3402821
TI  - [Current diagnosis of the female breast].

PMID- 3402822
TI  - [Immunohistochemical diagnosis in breast cancers].

PMID- 3402823
TI  - [Operative therapy of breast cancer: saving the breast or breast removal?].

PMID- 3402824
TI  - [New approaches in adjuvant chemotherapy of breast cancer].

PMID- 3402825
TI  - [10 years of tocolysis at the Linz Gynecologic Clinic].

PMID- 3402826
TI  - [Intratubal gamete transfer. Method and initial experiences].

PMID- 3402827
TI  - [Light scanning. Status in the diagnosis of breast cancer].

PMID- 3402828
TI  - [Senology today].

PMID- 3402829
TI  - [Reconstruction of the female breast following mastectomy].

PMID- 3402831
TI  - [Diagnosis and intrauterine therapy of fetal diseases].

PMID- 3402830
TI  - [Cytogenetic studies of chorionic villi tissue of abortion samples].

PMID- 3402832
TI  - Birth order in delivery of twins.
AB  - A comparison between the first-born twin A and the second-born twin B was made in
      103 pairs of twins delivered vaginally at the Department of Obstetrics and
      Gynecology, Wakayama Medical College, and at Kosaka Women's Hospital. The twins
      were compared for birth weight, 1- and 5-min Apgar scores, and umbilical blood
      gas and pH. Although the mean values showed no significant difference in birth
      weight between twin A and twin B, the 1- and 5-min Apgar scores were higher for
      twin A, and the incidence of low 1- and 5-min Apgar scores was greater for twin
      B. The B twins with a birth weight less than 2,500 g or delivered in the
      nonvertex presentation were especially at disadvantage. Blood gas analysis
      revealed a significant difference favoring twin A in umbilical PO2 and PCO2. The
      results of the present study suggest that there are differences at birth favoring
      the A twins despite similar perinatal mortality for both and that the B twins are
      at disadvantage.

PMID- 3402833
TI  - Measurement of T4, T3 and reverse T3 levels, resin T3 uptake, and free thyroxin
      index in blood from the intervillous space of the placenta, in maternal
      peripheral blood, and in the umbilical artery and vein of normal parturients and
      their conceptuses.
AB  - T4, T3, and reverse T3 (rT3) levels and the free thyroxine index were measured in
      blood collected from the intervillous space (IVS) after placental expulsion and
      compared to the values in maternal peripheral blood and in umbilical artery and
      umbilical vein of 21 clinically normal parturients and their conceptuses. T4
      levels in maternal peripheral blood did not differ significantly from T4 levels
      in the IVS, but were significantly higher than those detected in umbilical vein
      and artery (p less than 0.05). There was no difference in T4 levels between
      umbilical vein and artery. The free thyroxine index was similar for the maternal
      compartments (maternal peripheral blood and IVS), but differed significantly from
      the fetal compartments (umbilical vein and umbilical artery). T3 levels in
      maternal peripheral blood were significantly higher than in the IVS, both of
      these values being significantly higher than in the fetal compartments. There was
      no difference in T3 levels between umbilical vein and artery. rT3 levels of
      maternal peripheral blood were one third that of the IVS (p less than 0.05). rT3
      levels of the umbilical vein were 1.5 times higher than those of the IVS (p less
      than 0.05) and 5.2 times higher than those of maternal peripheral blood (p less
      than 0.005). No significant difference was obtained between umbilical vein and
      artery. The increase in rT3 and the decrease in T3 in the IVS in relation to
      maternal peripheral blood support the hypothesis that the placenta may
      preferentially convert T4 to rT3 at the expense of T3. The present data, however,
      do not permit the identification of the site where this conversion takes place.

PMID- 3402834
TI  - Blood pressure monitoring from a biostatistical and clinical viewpoint for
      predicting fetal distress in preeclamptic pregnancy.
AB  - With technological progress, blood pressure monitoring has become a procedure
      largely applied in medical practice but not adequately systematized under a
      biostatistical viewpoint. This paper shows the complexity and importance of the
      biomathematical approach and its clinical implications in preeclamptic pregnancy.
      Data series were analyzed by means of noninferential and inferential procedures
      of biostatistics. A progressive gain of information is obtained, the inferential
      procedures showing an analytical resolution able to discriminate fetal distress
      in preeclamptic pregnancy.

PMID- 3402835
TI  - Effect of autonomic nervous system blockade and acute asphyxia on heart rate
      variability in the fetal rat.
AB  - The effect of parasympathetic (with atropine) and beta-adrenergic (with
      propranolol) blockade on fetal heart rate variability (HRV) was studied in 162
      term fetal Wistar rats. Administration of 1.3 mg of atropine into the jugular
      vein of the female rat led to an identical decrease of the RR interval in adult
      rats and in fetuses (about 10%). Administration of 2 mg of propranolol caused a
      rise in the RR interval by 19% in rats and by 7-9% in fetuses. Overall HRV
      indices (RMSM, CV) decrease was more pronounced in adult rats than in fetuses.
      Upon simultaneous administration of both blocking agents the RR interval in adult
      rats did not differ from the control values; in fetuses it was reduced by 6%. In
      adult rats HRV indices decreased considerably (by 70%) and their values were
      within the limits of the estimation error; in fetuses, HRV indices were no higher
      than upon the administration of any of the blocking agents. Umbilical cord
      clamping caused a decrease of PO2 in brain tissue from 24.7 +/- 1.7 to 4.7 +/-
      0.8 mm Hg within 15 min and led to an immediate increase of the RR interval and
      the HRV indices if blocking agents were not used. The administration of one or
      both blocking agents abolished the initial (during the first 7 min of asphyxia)
      increase of RMSM and CV. Thus, HRV in fetal rats depends to a great extent on the
      activity of the autonomic nervous system, though it is not fully determined by
      it. Acute asphyxia causes stimulation of the autonomic nervous system leading to
      fetal distress.

PMID- 3402836
TI  - Anaphylactoid reaction to oxytocin during cesarean section.
AB  - A case of an allergic reaction to synthetic oxytocin administered during cesarean
      section is reported. Epinephrine was more effective in improving the severe
      hypotension than ephedrine. The incidence of anaphylactoid reaction to oxytocin
      is very low, but this potential problem must always be kept in mind in daily
      obstetric practice.

PMID- 3402837
TI  - Reversed venous flow in the distally pedicled radial forearm flap: surgical
      implications.
AB  - In recent years the distally pedicled radial forearm flap has proved to be a
      versatile technique for resurfacing the hand. The venous drainage of this flap,
      however, has remained a puzzle. Various explanations have been suggested,
      including bypass of the valves by collateral veins and by crossover between the
      venae comitantes. However, venous drainage must be against the direction of the
      valves in at least one segment of the veins. The question of reversed venous flow
      and how it may be achieved reliably is addressed in this study. Timmons has
      postulated three criteria which all must be satisfied for reversal of venous
      flow. These criteria, namely higher proximal venous pressure, denervation of the
      valves, and the filling of the venous segments may be achieved satisfactorily if
      a few precautions are taken and certain technical manoeuvres performed. The
      criteria were re-examined in the light of known physiological phenomena. In
      addition, certain pertinent anatomical facts which arose from our cadaveric
      studies and which may be exploited to advantage are discussed. Our studies have
      led to greater understanding of reversed venous flow and to greater success with
      this flap in our clinical practice.

PMID- 3402839
TI  - [Assessment of treatment results of extensor tendon injuries].
AB  - Criteria for evaluation of results after extensor tendon lesions are presented,
      which are easy to apply and based on angular measurements of active joint
      mobility. The scheme is analogous to the evaluation method for flexor tendon
      injuries published by Buck-Gramcko et al. in 1976 which is now widely used. A
      modification was necessary to treat the extension deficits more severely. A
      comparison is made to the evaluation method proposed by the Group of Erlangen,
      and both schemes are tested on 68 patients with extensor tendon injuries of
      different zones, various fingers and combinations. Lesions of the thumb require
      different criteria.

PMID- 3402838
TI  - [Stimulation of collagen synthesis in rabbit tendons by continuous extension
      stress].
AB  - In a series of three experiments we tried to find out early changes of mechanical
      properties and of collagen synthesis induced by continuous loading in rabbit
      tendons. Unphysiological elongation of the calcaneus tendon was performed by
      distraction of the osteotomized lower leg with the aid of an external
      minifixator. In the first experiment, the stretched tendons and the unstretched
      tendons of the contralateral legs were excised 24 hours postoperatively and
      compared. Collagen-synthesis was measured using 3H-Proline. After 24 hours'
      stretching a clear increase of 3H-Proline as a sign of collagen new-formation was
      found in only three out of five animals. In the second experiment, stress-strain
      measurements were performed after 24 hours of loading. In paired tests a clear
      difference was not found. Therefore, loading was extended to 48 hours in the
      third experiment. 3H-Proline was measured as well as the mechanical properties in
      paired tests. The median increase of the 3H-Proline level was significant: 44%.
      Stress-strain behaviour was investigated using a special testing equipment. This
      enables us to perform strain controlled tests in order to find out the mechanical
      properties of the different specimen.

PMID- 3402841
TI  - [A rare muscle abnormality of the hand: a 2-headed abductor digiti minimi muscle
      with an unusual course and innervation].
AB  - Unique variations of the origin, course, and innervation of a second belly of the
      abductor digiti minimi muscle in both hands of a 77 year-old man are reported.
      Similar anomalies have not previously been described in the literature. The
      possibility of such variations should be taken into consideration in surgery of
      the flexor side of the wrist.

PMID- 3402840
TI  - A case of carpal tunnel syndrome caused by accessory palmaris longus muscle.
AB  - A rare case of carpal tunnel syndrome caused by bilateral accessory palmaris
      longus muscles in a 48-year-old female is reported. The median nerves of this
      patient were compressed by the abnormal muscles, which originated from the medial
      side of the normal palmaris longus tendon and inserted in the hypothenar region.
      Clinical symptoms were improved by excision of the abnormal muscles.

PMID- 3402842
TI  - [Malignant schwannoma of the median nerve].
AB  - The case of a 52-year old patient is described who was operated on for pronator
      teres syndrome. Eight months postoperatively reoperation was necessary because of
      recurrent pain. The median nerve showed haemorrhagic necrosis in the region of
      the pronator teres muscle with an extensive intrafascicular swelling of the
      adjacent proximal and distal nerve segments. After resection of the median nerve,
      the histological examination revealed a benign schwannoma. Reconstruction of the
      median nerve was performed by interfascicular nerve grafting. Three months later
      severe pains recurred in the forearm which had to be opened in an emergency
      operation. Extensive haemorrhagic necrosis was evident. The histological
      diagnosis was now malignant schwannoma. Upper arm amputation was performed and
      later a functional prosthesis was fitted. Three years after the amputation
      multiple metastases occurred; the patient died within three months.

PMID- 3402843
TI  - [A masked paraganglioma--a rare cause of pain in lymphedema of the arm].
AB  - The history is reported of a 66 year-old patient who suffered from postmastectomy
      edema and continuous pain on the ulnar side of the wrist. After microsurgical
      lymphatic grafting the edema diminished. At the site of pain there was a
      resistance palpable with reduced resonance on ultrasonography. At operation the
      authors excised a tumor which on histological and immunohistochemical
      investigation was compatible with a paraganglioma.

PMID- 3402844
TI  - [Intercarpal dislocation in early childhood. A case report].
AB  - A case of intercarpal subluxation in a six-year old girl is described. The
      possibility and danger of open reduction is discussed. The potential
      complications are loss of bone density and growth arrest as a result of an injury
      sustained early in life.

PMID- 3402845
TI  - [A sparing operation in fracture of the radius head using pinning with resorbable
      Biofix material].
AB  - The incidence of dislocated, subcapitular radial head fracture is discussed. The
      traditional treatment of this fracture dictates resection of the radial head
      which induces disturbances of the elbow and wrist. The author has used the bio
      degradable material BIOFIX as a 4.5 mm thick pin for internal splinting of the
      fracture. Early mobilization is possible and later no metal has to be removed. By
      demonstrating one case of treatment by BIOFIX the author shows a new chance for
      conservation of the radial head and thereby of the function of the joints.

PMID- 3402846
TI  - [A holding device for standardized roentgenologic detection of ulnar, palmar and
      radial capsule ligament lesions of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb.
      Hyperextensometer for the index finger metacarpophalangeal joint for determining
      laxity of the ligament].
AB  - A device has been designed to hold the limb for standardized radiological
      demonstration of lesions of the ulnar and radial collateral and palmar ligaments
      of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb. The device also serves as a
      hyperextensometer of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the index finger with which
      to measure joint laxity. The simple mechanism allows routine application.
      Standardized stressed roentgenograms allow exact quantification of the extent of
      all lesions and consequently leads to adequate treatment.

PMID- 3402847
TI  - New Jersey low contact stress total ankle replacement: biomechanical rationale
      and review of 23 cementless cases.
AB  - A congruent contact, unconstrained, multiaxial ankle replacement has been
      developed for use without cement. A talar onlay component with a trochlear
      surface and central fixation fin uses a cylindrical articulating axis that
      reproduces the lateral talar curvature. A tibial inlay component with a 7 degree
      anteriorly inclined short fixation stem uses a flat loading plate, recessed
      anatomically into the distal tibia to distribute tibial loads to the ankle joint.
      For both components, made of cast cobalt-chromium-molybdenum, a 275-micron pore
      size, sintered-bead, porous coating is used to allow tissue ingrowth
      stabilization. A congruent ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene bearing is
      inserted between the metallic implants. Its upper surface is flat, whereas its
      lower surface conforms to the trochlear surface, thereby providing unconstrained,
      sliding cylindrical motion with low contact stress on the bearing surfaces.
      Contact pressure and collateral ligaments maintain ankle stability during both
      static and dynamic loading conditions. Clinically, 23 total ankle arthroplasties
      were performed in 21 patients. The follow-up period ranged from 24 months to 64
      months with a mean of 35.3 months. Diagnoses included rheumatoid arthritis, 6
      patients (26.1%); osteoarthritis, 4 patients (17.4%); post-traumatic arthritis,
      10 patients (43.5%); avascular necrosis of the talus, 2 patients (8.7%), and
      painful ankle fusion, 1 patient (4.3%). Pain was the primary reason for surgery
      in all cases. Postoperatively, 87% of ankles had no pain or, at most, mild pain.
      Postoperative complications included poor wound healing in four ankles, reflex
      sympathetic dystrophy in two ankles, deep infection in one ankle, and one bearing
      subluxation. No ankle replacements were removed and no fusions were performed for
      failed implants, although one bearing was exchanged without disrupting the
      metallic elements. In this report, the suggestion is made that total ankle
      arthroplasty may have an improved application in various arthritis disorders when
      used with biologic fixation and unconstrained mobile bearings.

PMID- 3402848
TI  - High resolution computed tomography in the chronically painful ankle sprain.
AB  - A series of 31 consecutive patients with chronic residual ankle pain following
      ankle sprain were analyzed using high resolution CT scanning. In 13 patients
      avulsed intra- or juxta-articular fragments of traumatic origin were detected; 12
      of these patients had surgical revision. The usefulness of CT scanning in chronic
      post-traumatic residual ankle pain in the presence of negative standard x-rays is
      stressed.

PMID- 3402850
TI  - Foot pressure studies in the assessment of forefoot arthroplasty in the
      rheumatoid foot.
AB  - To assess the results of forefoot arthroplasty, dynamic and static foot pressure
      studies have been made of the rheumatoid foot in both a prospective study group
      of 60 feet and in a retrospective study group of 18 feet. Significant reductions
      of pressure in the forefoot were found. Problems associated with the first and
      fifth metatarsals were considered.

PMID- 3402851
TI  - Use of the medial plantar flap in soft tissue replacement around the heel region.
AB  - Large ulcers around the heel region are common but difficult problems because the
      usual methods of resurfacing are unsatisfactory. Twelve cases of such ulcers were
      covered with medial plantar vascular pedicled flaps and the results had been
      excellent. The operative procedures were simple and the quality of skin supplied
      was perfect. Different sizes of medial plantar flaps may be used, based on the
      available branches of the posterior tibial vessels.

PMID- 3402852
TI  - Relationship between adolescent bunions and flatfeet.
AB  - Pes planus has been suggested as a factor in the development of bunions in
      adolescents. This study objectively evaluated the radiographs of 36 adolescents
      with 66 hallux valgus deformities for the presence of associated flatfeet. The
      bunion deformity in these adolescents was also characterized. Only 26.6% of these
      adolescents had an increased intermetatarsal angle and 8.1% an abnormal
      metatarsus varus angle as compared with the published norms. Measurements of pes
      planus including talar pitch, calcaneal plantar angle, dorsoplantar talonavicular
      angle, and lateral talocalcaneal angle showed an incidence of flatfeet in
      adolescents with bunions that was 8 to 24 times greater than expected.

PMID- 3402849
TI  - Experimental decompression of the fascial compartments of the foot--the basis for
      fasciotomy in acute compartment syndromes.
AB  - Surgical decompression of the foot by fasciotomy is the only effective means of
      preventing the late consequences of a compartment syndrome i.e., myoneural
      ischemia. In this study, a slit catheter system was used to monitor the
      compartment pressures in experimentally induced compartment syndromes of the
      foot. The ease and rate of decompressing the intracompartmental pressures via a
      double incision dorsal approach versus a medial longitudinal approach were
      compared in 40 paired fresh cadaver specimens. In both methods,
      intracompartmental pressure is satisfactorily decompressed. However, it takes
      longer after effective fasciotomies for pressures to normalize via the dorsal
      approach (11 min versus 1 min; P less than 0.01). The double incision dorsal
      approach is easier to perform and may be the method of choice for fasciotomy
      associated with fractures of the forefoot requiring internal fixation.

PMID- 3402853
TI  - Basal osteotomy of the first metatarsal for the correction of metatarsus primus
      varus associated with hallux valgus.
AB  - At the University of Vienna Department of Orthopaedics, 26 feet in 21 patients
      were treated with a basal osteotomy for hallux valgus associated with metatarsus
      primus varus. In 85% of the cases, a satisfactory result was achieved. Critical
      analysis revealed shortening of the first metatarsal and elevation of its head,
      which resulted in excess lateral straining of the foot and metatarsalgia. In 15
      cases, osteoarthritis in the metatarsocuneiform joint was also increased. Given
      these results, an osteotomy that prevents shortening of the first metatarsal and
      elevation of the head of the first metatarsal, or one that takes these facts into
      account, seems ideal.

PMID- 3402854
TI  - Solitary plasmacytoma of the cuboid.
AB  - Solitary plasmacytoma is an isolated malignant lesion of plasma cell origin. More
      than half of the reported cases of solitary plasmacytomas occur in the spine.
      Lesions occurring in the appendicular skeleton have a lower local recurrence rate
      and a favorable long-term survival rate. This is the first report of a solitary
      plasmacytoma involving a bone of the foot. With accurate diagnosis and effective
      medical treatment, long-term remission can be anticipated.

PMID- 3402855
TI  - Postoperative pain relief using local anesthetic instillation.
AB  - Effective pain control following surgery is a concern. Oral narcotic agents may
      be effective yet have many side effects. Parenteral agents are impractical in
      outpatient procedures. Local blocks may distort tissue planes and require
      additional time and technical skill to administer. We have found that
      instillation of local anesthetic (0.5% bupivacaine [Marcaine, Sensorcaine]) into
      the wound prior to closure is a safe and effective means of providing significant
      reduction in postoperative foot pain.

PMID- 3402856
TI  - Determination of ethchlorvynol in body tissues and fluids after embalmment.
AB  - A 54 year-old female expired at her residence. Her husband, a physician, signed a
      certificate stating that her death was due to cerebrovascular accident (CVA) and
      released her body to a funeral home, where she was embalmed. Since the deceased
      had a long history of medical problems and drug abuse, an autopsy was performed
      and no evidence of CVA was found. Toxicological analyses of body fluids and
      tissues revealed the presence of ethchlorvynol in high concentration in the bile
      (112 mg/l). The bloody fluid collected from the heart contained a concentration
      of ethchlorvynol below the limit for quantitation. Other findings included
      phenobarbital (32.8 mg/l) in heart bloody fluid and methanol (an ingredient of
      embalming fluid). The significance of the findings is discussed in relation to
      embalmment prior to autopsy and toxicological analyses. Ethchlorvynol
      concentration in the bile is compared to other fatal cases due to ethchlorvynol
      overdose.

PMID- 3402857
TI  - A case of Ebstein's anomaly with double mitral valve.
AB  - A 5-month-old male infant with no history of serious illness died suddenly and
      unexpectedly. He was found dead under a heavy 'futon', a coverlet, which covered
      the whole of his body. As it was suspected he may have been smothered, a
      medicolegal autopsy was performed, and it was discovered that the infant had
      Ebstein's anomaly with double mitral valve. The cause of death appeared to be due
      to heart failure caused by this congenital heart disease.

PMID- 3402858
TI  - Postmortem interval estimation by biochemical determination in birds muscle.
AB  - Experimental postmortem interval estimation was assayed by various biochemical
      components of hens pectoral muscle. Among them, only percentage of non-protein
      nitrogen on total soluble protein, asparatic amino transferase activity and
      creatinine concentration showed significant correlation with time after death.
      Asparatic amino transferase was negatively correlated and non-protein nitrogen
      percentage and creatinine were positively correlated to postmortem interval. The
      stronger correlation (0.925) was found for creatinine.

PMID- 3402859
TI  - Toxicological analysis of thiamylal in biological materials by gas
      chromatography/mass spectrometry.
AB  - A reliable and sensitive method to analyze thiamylal in biological materials was
      developed, using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). A quantitative
      determination was made by use of mass fragmentography with the lower detection
      limit of 0.01 microgram/g. Thiopental was used as the internal standard.
      Distribution of the drug in the blood and body tissues of rats was examined. The
      method was then used to detect thiamylal in tissues from an autopsied patient and
      concentration of this drug in the body materials was evaluated, from medico-legal
      aspects.

PMID- 3402860
TI  - Studies on glyoxalase 1 isoenzymes in semen stains: polymorphism in Himachal
      (India) population.
AB  - One hundred and ten pairs of blood and semen samples and their stains were
      studied to type glyoxalase 1 (GLO 1) isoenzymes using agarose-starch medium. A
      good agreement was observed between the phenotypes expressed in blood and semen
      samples of the same donor. No GLO 1 activity however could be demonstrated in the
      vaginal swabs tested. The gene frequencies of GLO 1 polymorphs in Himachal
      population has been worked out and their stability studies carried out at -12
      degrees C and at room temperature.

PMID- 3402861
TI  - Duplicate breath testing: some statistical analyses.
AB  - Duplicate breath alcohol testing from each individual provides confidence in the
      results when reasonable agreement (i.e. +/- 0.02 g/210 L) is achieved. For this
      reason many jurisdictions require duplicate testing. The State of Washington has
      recently implemented an infrared breath testing program and now requires two
      breath samples from each individual. Statistical analysis of 1847 duplicate
      breath tests is presented. Three variables are analyzed: first alcohol result
      (ALC1), the absolute difference between the two breath samples (DIFFA), and the
      signed difference between the two breath samples (DIFFS). The first breath
      alcohol result ranged from 0.021 to 0.338 g/210 L with a mean of 0.157 g/210 L.
      The absolute difference ranged from 0.00 to 0.05 g/210 L. The signed difference
      ranged from -0.05 g/210 L to 0.05 g/210 L. The absolute difference was regressed
      upon the first alcohol result and resulted in poor linear correlation of r =
      0.212. Duplicate breath test differences do not appear to be a function of
      subject's alcohol level, but rather of sample provision.

PMID- 3402863
TI  - ["Decision without regret." Intensive cardiologic education in the hospital-
      report of experiences of an internist].

PMID- 3402862
TI  - Direction, site and the muzzle target distance of bullet in the head and neck at
      close range as an indication of suicide or homicide.
AB  - Direction, site and muzzle target distance can indicate suicide or homicide. This
      conclusion can be drawn from autopsies of 57 cases of suicide and 68 cases of
      homicide by handgun fired at close range to the head and neck together with going
      to the crimescene in some cases. This study was carried out in Bangkok during the
      period from January 1983 to January 1986. In order to determine whether it was
      suicide or homicide, the path of the bullet, the site, the muzzle target distance
      must be considered. The angle of the bullet would be either elevated (from below
      upward), horizontal or an angle of depression (from above downward). For suicide,
      the direction of the bullet should be at an angle of elevation in the majority of
      cases. The position of the handgun in relation to the head in suicide was most
      often in tight contact and near contact. For homicide, the direction of the
      bullet should be horizontal in most cases. The bullet was at close range in the
      majority of the cases. There are 8 common sites for suicide and homicide and 10
      different sites in the case of homicide which are at neck, left cheek, left aural
      region, lip, left occipital area orbit, chin, left eyebrow, submental and nose.

PMID- 3402864
TI  - [Success in ambulatory AIDS management. Bavarian catalog of preventive measures-
      therapeutic experiences. Interview by U. Huber].

PMID- 3402865
TI  - [Aluminum-free phosphate binder in renal failure. Effectiveness and side
      effects].

PMID- 3402866
TI  - [Iconography of the "human plague bloodletting model"].

PMID- 3402867
TI  - [What is good for the car is not safe for the human. Damage to health by benzol-
      leukemia following chronic exposure--challenges].

PMID- 3402868
TI  - [Treatment of obesity. Results of various therapeutic procedures--current status.
      Nutritional therapy today].

PMID- 3402869
TI  - [Treatment of obesity. Results of various therapeutic procedures--current status.
      Alternative methods--current status].

PMID- 3402870
TI  - [Treatment of obesity. Results of various therapeutic procedures--current status.
      Experiences with the stomach balloon].

PMID- 3402871
TI  - [Treatment of obesity. Results of various therapeutic procedures--current status.
      Surgical procedures for weight reduction].

PMID- 3402872
TI  - [Treatment of obesity. Results of various therapeutic procedures--current status.
      Value of physical therapy].

PMID- 3402873
TI  - [Treatment of obesity. Results of various therapeutic procedures--current status.
      The use of physical training. References for implementation].

PMID- 3402874
TI  - [Treatment of obesity. Results of various therapeutic procedures--current status.
      Behavior therapy--changes in individual eating habits].

PMID- 3402875
TI  - [Treatment of obesity. Results of various therapeutic procedures--current status.
      Long-term success in behavior therapy].

PMID- 3402876
TI  - [Treatment of obesity. Results of various therapeutic procedures--current status.
      Drugs in the treatment of obesity].

PMID- 3402877
TI  - [Significance of bile acids in colon cancer].

PMID- 3402878
TI  - [HIV infection. The risk of AIDS caused by transfusion is slight, but can be
      further decreased].

PMID- 3402879
TI  - [Scientific research in general medicine].

PMID- 3402880
TI  - [Prostaglandin premedication in evacuation of the uterus in the first trimester].

PMID- 3402882
TI  - [The art of promoting a helpful relationship. On the anthropology of the
      physician-patient relation and its significance for the psychotherapeutic
      process].

PMID- 3402883
TI  - [Broncho-alveolar lavage improves the diagnosis of pulmonary diseases].

PMID- 3402881
TI  - [High extracranial aneurysm of the internal carotid artery. A diagnostic and
      therapeutic problem].

PMID- 3402884
TI  - [Gynecologic operations in elderly patients. Problems of patient education and
      psychological management].

PMID- 3402885
TI  - [Treatment of burn injuries. Is a new orientation indicated?].

PMID- 3402886
TI  - [How one confronts AIDS in San Francisco. A burden for the American public health
      system--models for caring for AIDS patients--a study tour].

PMID- 3402887
TI  - [Is there a cancer risk with long-term nitrate therapy?].

PMID- 3402888
TI  - [AIDS classification for daily practice].

PMID- 3402889
TI  - [Personal experiences with naturopathy. Possibilities for treating scoliosis].

PMID- 3402890
TI  - [Preventing infection in vascular surgery. Possibilities and limits].

PMID- 3402891
TI  - [Weight reduction--how?].

PMID- 3402893
TI  - [Prevention of AIDS. Group-specific education is necessary].

PMID- 3402892
TI  - [Treatment of patients with chronic liver diseases with lactulose and bifidum
      milk. Principles and problems].

PMID- 3402894
TI  - [Psychopathologic pictures in HIV infection: AIDS lethargy and AIDS dementia].
AB  - The paper describes the psychiatric status on the basis of 76 patients with
      acquired immune deficiency syndrome. There is considerable difference between the
      different stages of the disease. The disorders are divided into groups following
      the German and French psychopathological tradition, where the incidence is
      dependent on the underlying complaint. 50% of the patients suffered from chronic
      psychoorganic disorders (34% organic personality disorders, 16% dementia). 9%
      suffered from an acute psychosis caused by complications and founded on
      substantial physical illness. 3 patients showed symptoms of a (under given
      circumstances) hitherto unknown endoform psychosis. In 9% of the patients,
      psychoreactive disturbances (anxiety and reactive depression) were observed. Two
      infants had congenital development deficiencies. 25% of the patients were without
      any psychopathology. Patients showing organic personality disorders mostly
      resemble each other to such a degree as to form a separate group. We suggest to
      name this group according to the most prominent psychopathology as "AIDS
      lethargy". This status is characterised by a specific apathy, tiredness and
      indolence of the patients combined with the lack of emotional participation
      related to their own destiny. AIDS-lethargy is the first manifestation in
      appearance of the HIV infection of the brain itself. Another sequel of the brain
      infection is AIDS dementia which can be classified as "subcortical dementia" and
      differs from the more current forms of dementia clinically. Affected are mainly
      neuropsychologic functions like arousal, attention, mood and motivation, whereas
      the hallmarks of cortical involvement-aphasia, agnosia and apraxia-are not
      present. Supplementary findings (EEG, CCT, CSF): The group of patients with
      chronic psychoorganic disorders differs significantly from the group with
      psychoreactive disorders and normals. Pathological EEG and CCT are more frequent
      in psychoorganic disorders. CSF-test-including the intrathecally synthesized
      antibodies against HIV-does not show traceable variation in either group. There
      are four problems which may be combined in a given acute psychopathological HIV
      syndrome: 1. Being member of a risk group with its reactive, psychosocial and
      personality problems. 2. Individual mental and emotional reaction to the fact of
      infection 3. Chronic psychoorganic disturbances. 4. Acute organic psychoses as a
      result of complications and other physical illness.

PMID- 3402895
TI  - [Therapy and daily life in a halfway house--excerpts from an ethnography].
AB  - This article presents the results of a study of a halfway house for mentally ill
      persons which was carried out in accordance with the ethnographic method. In it
      the interplay of "therapy" and "daily life" as the central functional principle
      is described. Under certain conditions the different principles of action
      pertaining to both spheres can lead to a distortion of the relationship and
      communication structure. According to the function sphere on which the patient in
      the halfway house mainly relies, very different methods of integration are
      possible in the same halfway house, each of them with its own consequences for
      the rehabilitation of the patient. The success of the rehabilitation also seems
      to depend in no small measure on the degree to which staff and patients succeed
      in coping with the individual function spheres not only within the halfway house
      but also in the processes bridging the halfway house with the outside world. This
      appears to be a more decisive factor than the question which therapy is applied
      in the individual case. The study examines the cases of two halfway house
      patients and demonstrates how the different types of integration were achieved
      and also their consequences.

PMID- 3402896
TI  - Binding of loop diuretics to their renal receptors: use as a screening model for
      potential diuretic activity.
AB  - Loop diuretics of the benzoic acid and aryloxyacetic acid families inhibit
      Na+K+Cl- cotransport. The ranking order of potencies measured in the thick
      ascending limb of Henle's loop and the ranking order of affinities for
      [3H]piretanide receptors on renal plasma membranes are the same. Potencies and
      affinities correlate well (correlation coefficient r = 0.959 for the medulla and
      r = 0.951 for the cortex). Therefore, measurement of [3H]piretanide binding is
      proposed to facilitate screening for loop diuretic action.

PMID- 3402897
TI  - Effects of inaktin on calcium metabolism in the rat.
AB  - Experiments were designed to investigate further the alterations in calcium
      metabolism caused by inaktin, a thiobarbiturate that impairs parathyroid hormone
      action in rats (1981). Treatment with an anesthetic dose of inaktin induced a
      drop in serum calcium without any variation in immunoreactive parathyroid hormone
      serum level and slowed body calcium turnover as studied with 45Ca, but was
      without effect on blood pH or partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide. In
      contrast, calcium metabolism in rats was unchanged after treatment with an
      anesthetic dose of pentothal, another thiobarbiturate anesthetic. The effect of
      inaktin on body calcium turnover was dose-dependent and significant even at non
      anesthetic levels. A marked slowing of the fast phenomena accounting for the
      initial dilution of the tracer in the animal was observed, accompanied by a
      corresponding decrease in rapid 45Ca uptake into bone, but not other tissues.
      These results show that inaktin slows calcium turnover, especially the fast
      renewal of calcium in bone. These effects were not correlated with anesthesia or
      immobilization, and we suggest that inaktin-induced changes in calcium metabolism
      involve an impairment of hypocalcemia-induced parathyroid hormone secretion, in
      addition to the impairment of parathyroid hormone effects previously reported.
      Furthermore, the present findings suggest that inaktin might be a useful tool for
      investigation of the rapid mobilization of bone calcium, which is as yet not well
      understood.

PMID- 3402898
TI  - 5-Hydroxytryptamine stimulates two distinct adenylate cyclase activities in rat
      brain: high-affinity activation is related to a 5-HT1 subtype different from 5
      HT1A, 5-HT1B, and 5-HT1C.
AB  - 5-HT binding sites of the 5-HT1 type are heterogeneous and appear to comprise
      several subtypes (5-HT1A, 5-HT1B and 5-HT1C); their physiological role is as yet
      unclear. The stimulation of adenylate cyclase induced by 5-HT has been
      investigated in membrane fractions prepared from rat brain cortex. Enzymatic
      activity was determined by measuring cAMP production with an HPLC technique. It
      was shown that 5-HT stimulates adenylate cyclase activity with 2 activation
      constants (Kact): one shows a high apparent affinity (Kact = 0.8 nM) and the
      other a lower apparent affinity (Kact = 0.30 microM). The latter activity,
      induced by micromolar concentrations of 5-HT, was inhibited by spiperone at
      concentrations that block 5-HT1A binding. 5-Methoxytryptamine, bufotenin, and LSD
      also had a stimulatory biphasic effect on adenylate cyclase activity, whereas
      trifluoromethylphenylpiperazine, 5-carboxyamidotryptamine, 8-hydroxy-(2-di-n
      propylamino)tetralin, RU 24969 had a monophasic effect. Enzyme activation by
      drugs acting in the micromolar range was inhibited by spiperone (1 microM),
      suggesting a link between this activation and 5-HT1A sites. On the other hand,
      the high-affinity activation of the enzyme induced by 5-HT, 5-methoxytryptamine,
      bufotenin, LSD, and the activation induced by TFMPP were not inhibited by
      spiperone (1 microM), by propranolol (3 microM), or by mesulergine (0.1 microM),
      which selectively block 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, and 5-HT1C sites. Inhibition was produced
      by dihydroergotamine, methysergide, cinanserin, and mianserin, but not by
      naloxone, phenoxybenzamine, and phentolamine. Therefore, these activations seem
      related to 5-HT1 receptors but not to 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, or 5-HT1C sites.
      Accordingly, binding of [3H]5-HT to 5-HT1-like sites was examined in the presence
      of spiperone (1 microM) and propranolol (3 microM); in these conditions, a high
      affinity site (KD = 3.4 nM) was indeed revealed. The relative potencies of a
      series of drugs that stimulate or inhibit the activation of the adenylate cyclase
      with a high affinity and their ability to inhibit this binding of [3H]5-HT showed
      a positive correlation, strongly suggesting a direct relation between this
      recognition site for 5-HT and the production of a second messenger (cAMP).
      Moreover, this potential receptor is shown to be heterogeneously distributed
      within the brain, and was localized postsynaptically at serotonergic synapses.

PMID- 3402900
TI  - Detection of antibodies to proteins encoded by the X-region of hepatitis B virus
      (HBV) in sera of patients with chronic HBV infection: correlation with other HBV
      markers.
AB  - The genome of hepatitis B virus (HBV) contains a fourth open reading frame (ORF),
      designated X-region. It was the aim of our study to test sera of patients with
      chronic HBV infection for the presence of antibodies reactive with a 17 kd gene
      product of the X-ORF. For this purpose, a 35S-X-ORF-encoded protein, synthesized
      in vitro, was applied as antigen for the detection of antibodies to HBx proteins
      in sera of 86 individuals. Antibodies reacting with a gene product of the X-ORF
      were present in 10 out of 24 HBsAg-positive patients with hepatocellular
      carcinoma (PLC) or liver cirrhosis and in one out of 8 HBsAg-carriers. In
      addition, the antibodies could also be detected in 6 out of 35 sera from patients
      with PLC or cirrhosis negative for HBsAg but positive for anti-HBc and anti-HBs.
      Antibodies to a gene product of the X-ORF can be detected in sera of patients
      with chronic HBV-related liver disease, independently of HBsAg and the HBeAg/anti
      HBe system.

PMID- 3402899
TI  - Ventricular late potentials in normal subjects.
AB  - Low-amplitude late potentials detected in the terminal part of ventricular
      activation have been evaluated as a possible means of identifying patients prone
      to sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias. These signals are usually absent in
      those without such arrhythmias and in normal subjects. 67 healthy subjects, with
      no suggestion of cardiac disease from examination or electrocardiograms, were
      studied in an effort to report the incidence of late potentials in normal
      subjects. Three subjects met the criteria for abnormal late potentials (4%); the
      vectormagnitude complexes of these subjects were indistinguishable from those
      seen in patients with spontaneous sustained ventricular tachycardia after
      myocardial infarction. Measured indices from our subjects were compared with
      those of normal subjects studied by other investigators utilizing similar
      analytic techniques and similar software and equipment. Explanations are
      considered for the occurrence of false-positives. It is concluded that the
      incidence of late potentials in normal subjects is very low and thought to
      represent some type of false-positive expression related either to the recording
      or analytic technique. However, in certain instances, the occurrence of late
      potentials in a seemingly normal person may be a predictor of underlying
      structural pathology.

PMID- 3402901
TI  - Fate of 3H-labeled endotoxin in partially hepatectomised rats.
AB  - Organ distribution of endotoxin was compared in normal and previously
      hepatectomised rats after administration of endotoxin lipopolysaccharide labeled
      at the galactose moiety. Most of the radioactivity was found in the liver in both
      cases, but total recovery was much higher in the organs of normal rats. In the
      liver, the amount of endotoxin per total organ and per 1 g organ weight was
      significantly reduced in the hepatectomised rats as compared with the intact
      controls. In normal rats, the radioactivity decreased 12 to 24 hours in the
      liver, but in the hepatectomised rats, no significant change was observed during
      this period. The total radioactivity in the lungs, spleen and blood (1 ml), as
      well as that per unit weight bases, was significantly higher in the
      hepatectomised rat than in normal rats. These results and autoradiographical
      studies suggest that endotoxin clearance activity of Kupffer cells in the liver
      is decreased by partial hepatectomy of the rats at the peak phase of
      regeneration, and that remaining endotoxin flow out of the liver is disposed
      mainly by the macrophages in the spleen.

PMID- 3402903
TI  - Accuracy of the whole body retention half-life of 75SeHCAT in the diagnosis of
      ileal dysfunction in patients with Crohn's disease.
AB  - The measurement of the whole body retention of the synthetic taurine conjugated
      trihydroxy bile acid 75SeHCAT has been suggested as a new clinical test for the
      function of the terminal ileum. Because of the frequent occurrence of ileal
      dysfunction in Crohn's disease (CD), the accuracy of the SeHCAT test was studied
      in 64 patients with CD in various clinical conditions. A positive test result
      (retention half-life less than 1.2 days) was seen in 48.4% of the patients with
      ileal involvement (true positive tests) whereas a negative test was seen in 33 of
      the 64 patients. In 21 of the 33 patients (63.6%) the test was false negative
      since ileal inflammation or resection was confirmed by radiology or endoscopy. In
      14 of those 21 patients with false negative test results a stenosis of the
      intestinal lumen was diagnosed. At a specificity of 100% the sensitivity of the
      SeHCAT test was 59.6% and the efficiency was 67.2%. If patients with known
      stenosis were excluded sensitivity improved to 79.4%. In conclusion, calculation
      of the whole body retention half-life of SeHCAT does not seem to be a valuable
      screening test for the diagnosis of ileal dysfunction. In CD, a pathologic test
      result identifies ileal dysfunction with high accuracy.

PMID- 3402902
TI  - Effects of verapamil on estimated hepatic blood flow in patients with HBsAg
      positive cirrhosis.
AB  - Acute and chronic effect of verapamil on estimated hepatic blood flow were
      investigated in 12 patients with HBsAg-positive cirrhosis and portal
      hypertension. Acute administration of verapamil results in a significant increase
      (8%) in estimated hepatic blood flow (p less than 0.05). However, after chronic
      continued administration of verapamil, the mean value of estimated hepatic blood
      flow remains unchanged vis-a-vis basal values. Acute and chronic use of verapamil
      significantly reduced the hepatic venous pressure gradient for about an average
      of 20% at 1 hr after drug administration (p less than 0.05) and 18% 2 weeks later
      (p less than 0.05). This drop was associated with a significant reduction in
      hepatic vascular resistance by 39% at 1 hr later and by 37% 2 weeks later.
      Furthermore, the drop in hepatic vascular resistance was independent of any
      verapamil-induced changes in systemic hemodynamics. Verapamil significantly
      increased the indocyanine green plasma clearance and extraction ratio after acute
      or chronic use of the drug. We conclude that in patients with HBsAg-positive
      cirrhosis, the mechanism of verapamil in reducing the hepatic venous pressure
      gradient is predominantly by inducing a drop in hepatic portal vascular
      resistance.

PMID- 3402904
TI  - Cellular stromal reaction in lymph node metastases of human colorectal
      carcinomas.
AB  - The composition and extent of lymphoreticular infiltrates in 19 lymph node
      metastases of 15 cases of colorectal cancer (Dukes stage C) were investigated
      histologically and immunohistologically. The cellular stromal reaction in the
      lymph node metastases showed a clear predominance of monocytes/macrophages
      (considered important components of the host's natural defence system) and of T
      lymphocytes and their major subsets (essentially maintaining the cell-mediated
      system of immune surveillance). Cells involved in the humoral immune response (B
      lymphocytes, plasma cells and B-accessory reticulum cells) and other components
      of natural resistance (natural killer cells, tissue mast cells and eosinophilic
      granulocytes) were usually found only in small amounts. It should be emphasized
      that an in situ histomorphological study allows only limited conclusions to be
      drawn about the functional properties of the cells. However, the preferentially
      intrastromal localization of the lymphoreticular infiltrates obviously militates
      against intense host-tumor interaction.

PMID- 3402905
TI  - Ulcerative ileojejunitis associated with pulmonary fibrosis and polymyositis.
AB  - Ulcerative ileojejunitis is a rare condition. We describe a patient who developed
      this on a background of longstanding celiac disease. Long-term remission has been
      maintained on corticosteroids. Recently polymyositis and an inflammatory
      alveolitis have developed, both responding to a higher dose of prednisolone.
      Relationships between celiac disease and ulcerative ileojejunitis, polymyositis
      and fibrosing alveolitis have been previously described, and it is of interest
      that an auto-immune pathophysiology has been implicated in each of these
      conditions.

PMID- 3402906
TI  - The predictive value of serum laminin for portal hypertension in chronic liver
      diseases.
AB  - The concentration of laminin, a high molecular weight basement membrane
      glycoprotein, was determined with a competitive radioimmunoassay in serum from
      the hepatic and cubital veins of patients with chronic liver diseases (n = 175),
      and correlated with portal venous pressure calculated from the hepatic vein
      pressure gradient. The level of laminin in the hepatic vein (mean value: 1.83
      U/ml) was significantly (p less than 0.05) higher than that in the cubital vein
      (mean value 1.68 U/ml). In both vascular regions the glycoprotein levels
      increased with the degree of fibrosis, reaching their highest concentrations in
      cirrhosis (2.16 +/- 0.84 U/ml, p less than 0.001) (normal range: 0.81-1.43 U/ml).
      In all chronic liver diseases there was a significant positive correlation
      between the level of serum laminin and portal vein pressure (rs 0.70, p less than
      0.001), which prompted us to calculate some criteria of the diagnostic validity
      of raised laminin for portal hypertension (portal venous pressure greater than or
      equal to 5 mm Hg). At a cut-off concentration of laminin of 1.45 U/ml,
      sensitivity is 0.87, specificity 0.74, diagnostic efficiency 0.81, and the
      likelihood ratio 3.4. Positive and negative predictive values at the same cut-off
      and at a prevalence of portal hypertension in this study of 50% are 0.77 and
      0.85, respectively. Serum laminin may prove to be a potentially useful
      biochemical marker of portal hypertension.

PMID- 3402907
TI  - The involvement of calmodulin in the secretion of calcitonin from the porcine
      thyroid gland.
AB  - The effect of the calmodulin antagonist W7 has been studied in the pig in vivo by
      measuring directly the secretion rate of calcitonin (CT) in the thyroid venous
      blood after surgical isolation of the thyroid and subsequent perfusion of the
      gland in situ. Over the concentration range of W7 9-100 mumol/l in the perfusing
      plasma there was a significant increase in CT secretion rate associated with the
      addition of W7 to the perfusing blood. There was no significant change in the
      perfusing plasma calcium concentration. It is suggested that calmodulin plays an
      important role in calcium homeostasis within the porcine thyroid C-cell.

PMID- 3402908
TI  - Thyroid hormone levels in rats exposed to alcohol during development.
AB  - Maternal ingestion of alcohol appears to cause a pattern of congenital anomalies
      with a reduction of pre- and postnatal growth in the offspring. In order to study
      the possible implication of thyroid function in the effects of pre- and/or
      postnatal exposure to alcohol, we have studied serum thyroxine (T4) and
      triiodothyronine (T3) levels in rats from alcohol-fed mothers during the
      postnatal period (0-50 days). Blood alcohol levels of ethanol-treated pregnant
      rats were approximately equal to 20-25 mM and their serum T4 levels were
      decreased, compared with the pair-fed controls, at 15 and 21 days of gestation.
      No significant changes were observed in T3 levels. Prenatal alcohol exposure was
      associated with a decrease in both T4 and T3 levels in pups at birth. Although T4
      levels continued reduced in the 40-50 days of the postnatal period, no clear
      effects were observed on T3 levels during this time. Moreover, the more marked
      alterations were obtained when the offspring were postnatally and pre +
      postnatally exposed to alcohol. Significant decreases were found in both T4 and
      T3 levels following postnatal exposure, except at the 20-25th day when a marked
      but transient increase in T4 levels was observed. These results indicate that
      alcohol exposure disturbs the hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid axis, as measured by
      T3 and T4 hormone levels, mainly when the rats are exposed during the postnatal
      period.

PMID- 3402909
TI  - Flight effects on plasma levels of free fatty acids, growth hormone and thyroid
      hormones in homing pigeons.
AB  - Significant increases in circulating levels of free fatty acids (FFA) and growth
      hormone (GH), were observed in homing pigeons after a flight of 48 km, lasting 60
      80 min. No significant change in plasma levels of thyroxine (T4) and
      triiodothyronine (T3) was observed. Nor was there any change in T3/T4 ratio. The
      increase in plasma FFA is attributed to the increased release into circulation of
      at least one adipokinetic hormone, GH. It may be concluded that in free sustained
      homing flight under normal weather conditions and within the specific distance
      and duration, metabolic fuel and hormonal homeostasis is maintained.

PMID- 3402910
TI  - Lysosomal enzymes in pregnant and steroid treated rats.
AB  - The contents of three lysosomal enzymes (beta-hexosaminidase, beta-glucuronidase
      and alpha-fucosidase) were studied in plasma and different tissues of pregnant
      and steroid treated rats. All these enzymes were found to be increased in plasma
      from pregnant rats in analogy with the findings in pregnant women. In liver
      tissue only beta-hexosaminidase and alpha-fucosidase were significantly
      increased. In rats with diethylstilbestrol (DES) and a combination of DES and
      progesterone, there was an increase of alpha-fucosidase in plasma and liver. No
      significant changes were observed for the other two enzymes. Thus, steroid
      treatment did not fully reproduce the enzyme changes seen in pregnancy, which may
      indicate that these are not solely due to a hormone effect.

PMID- 3402911
TI  - Human growth hormone binds to lactogenic receptors in bovine, ovine and rat
      adrenals.
AB  - The distribution of 125I radioactivity in the liver, kidneys, adrenals and serum
      of male rats was measured 10 minutes after an intravenous bolus of 125I-labelled
      human growth hormone (hGH) was administered in the presence or absence of a large
      excess of ovine growth hormone or ovine prolactin. The hGH binding sites in the
      adrenals had displacement properties characteristic of lactogenic receptors,
      whereas those in the liver had displacement properties characteristic of
      somatogenic receptors. Bovine and ovine adrenal microsomal membrane fractions
      contained high affinity (Ka = 1.4-3.3 nM-1) binding sites for hGH which showed
      ligand specificity typical of lactogenic receptors. It is concluded that the hGH
      binding site in the adrenal gland is a classical lactogenic receptor and that
      this tissue is a convenient and rich (42.6 +/- 6.4 fmol hGH specifically bound/mg
      protein) source of receptor suitable for further characterization.

PMID- 3402913
TI  - Increased zinc urinary excretion in type I diabetic patients with excessive
      microalbuminuria.

PMID- 3402912
TI  - Free thyroxine and free triiodothyronine measurement in dried blood spots on
      filter paper by column adsorption chromatography followed by radioimmunoassay.
AB  - Free thyroxine (FT4) and free triiodothyronine (FT3) were measured by column
      adsorption chromatography followed by radioimmunoassay in dried blood spots on
      filter paper in euthyroid subjects, hyperthyroid and hypothyroid patients, and in
      subjects with TBG excess. The sensitivity (B/T% = 95%) was 1.5 pg/ml (working
      range 1.5-46.4 pg/ml) for FT4 and 1.5 pg/ml (working range 1.5-32.0 pg/ml) for
      FT3. Intraassay coefficient of variations (CVs) ranged 4.4-8.8% for FT4, 8.7
      10.1% for FT3; interassay CVs varied from 8.9-9.0% for FT4, 9.3-10.4% for FT3.
      FT4 and FT3 values found in dried blood spots were highly correlated with the
      corresponding values in serum (r = 0.97, P less than 0.001 for FT4; r = 0.96, P
      less than 0.001 for FT3). FT4 concentrations in dried blood spots ranged 8.1-20
      pg/ml in euthyroid subjects, 19.4-60.0 pg/ml in hyperthyroid patients, less than
      1.5-7.1 pg/ml in hypothyroid patients, 7.8-18.8 pg/ml in euthyroid subjects with
      TBG excess. FT3 values in dried blood spots ranged 2.5-5.8 pg/ml in euthyroid
      subjects, 7.1-30.0 pg/ml in hyperthyroid patients, less than 1.5-2.8 pg/ml in
      hypothyroid patients, 2.5-5.2 in euthyroid subjects with TBG excess. The results
      of the present study, while confirming previous data on FT4 determination in
      dried blood spots, represent the first report on FT3 measurement in the same
      system, thus allowing a more complete assessment of thyroid status made by mail
      at the expense of few drops of blood.

PMID- 3402914
TI  - Hodgkin's disease in 1987--is history repeating itself?

PMID- 3402915
TI  - Papers presented at "The International Workshop on Hodgkin's Disease: New
      Perspectives on Old Controversies in 1987".

PMID- 3402916
TI  - Rearranging antigen-receptor genes in enriched Reed-Sternberg cell fractions of
      Hodgkin's disease.
AB  - Molecular genetic analysis of rearranging antigen-receptor genes in non-Hodgkin's
      lymphomas has revealed the clonality and lineage in the majority of cases. In an
      analogous approach, we sought to apply gene rearrangement analysis to Hodgkin's
      disease to understand better the clonality and origin of this disorder. However,
      the putative neoplastic cell of Hodgkin's disease, the Reed-Sternberg cell and
      its variants, is extraordinarily rare in most cases of Hodgkin's disease. On the
      average, Reed-Sternberg cells and variants represent 0.1 per cent of total cell
      suspensions of nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's disease. As this frequency is below
      the minimum threshold of sensitivity of the Southern blot assay, we attempted to
      enrich for Reed-Sternberg cells before DNA extraction and analysis. Using either
      elutrition or Percoll density gradient centrifugation, we were able to enrich the
      percentage of Reed-Sternberg cells and variants to above 1 per cent in five cases
      of nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's disease. In three of these cases, immunoglobulin
      gene rearrangements were identified, but no T cell receptor gene rearrangements
      were seen. No rearrangements were detected in unseparated cells or in the Reed
      Sternberg cell-depleted fractions. In addition, the L428 Hodgkin's disease cell
      line was found to have one rearranged and one deleted heavy-chain gene, a
      rearranged kappa gene, a rearranged lambda gene, and a single rearranged beta
      allele. No rearrangements of the T gamma gene were found in L428. Taken together,
      these findings indicate that clonal cell populations are present in Hodgkin's
      disease and suggest the possibility of a clonally expanded lymphoid cell in this
      disorder.

PMID- 3402917
TI  - Stress isn't always bad.

PMID- 3402919
TI  - Community mental health centers and other semantic concerns.

PMID- 3402918
TI  - Fiscal incentives to development of services in the community.

PMID- 3402920
TI  - Confidentiality and the new duty to protect: the therapist's dilemma.

PMID- 3402921
TI  - Employee assistance programs: a primer for buyer and seller.
AB  - A growing number of firms in private industry now sponsor or contract with groups
      of mental health professionals to provide employee assistance programs (EAPs).
      Factors that have influenced the increasing demand for EAPs include corporations'
      humanitarian concern for employees with mental health problems, a desire to
      contain rising health costs and reduce corporate losses, and the need for
      effective supervisory systems for managing troubled employees. To assist
      corporate consumers in judging the quality of EAP services and to guide mental
      health practitioners who wish to enter the EAP field, criteria are provided for
      evaluating the following aspects of EAP programs: policy development, employee
      orientation, supervisor training, availability during nonbusiness hours,
      assessment and diagnostic services, crisis counseling, referral, quality
      assurance, program evaluation, and cost.

PMID- 3402922
TI  - Response of HIV-related depression to psychostimulants: case reports.
AB  - Four depressed and cognitively impaired patients with HIV-related disease had a
      marked therapeutic response to treatment with psychostimulants. Use of
      dextroamphetamine and methylphenidate brought a prompt remission of depressive
      and cognitive dysfunctions without adverse side effects. The results suggest the
      need for further evaluation of psychostimulants in the treatment of HIV patients
      whose depression proceeds from an affective disturbance (either primary or
      secondary) or from a specific organic mental disorder. The importance of
      neuropsychiatric assessment of depressed HIV patients is stressed, and diagnostic
      and treatment guidelines are given.

PMID- 3402923
TI  - Psychiatrists' attitudes toward preventive intervention in routine clinical
      practice.
AB  - A sample of 189 psychiatrists were surveyed to determine their attitudes toward
      preventive activities with high-risk children in clinical practice. Respondents
      indicated generally positive attitudes toward the appropriateness and efficacy of
      such activities but expressed uncertainty about the ethicality of prevention and
      about the knowledge base on which such activities rest. Psychiatrists perceived
      serious barriers to preventive activities due to financial, educational, and time
      factors. Important attitudinal differences were related to the respondents' age,
      career aspirations, membership on an academic faculty, number of scholarly
      articles published, marital status, number of vacation days taken in the previous
      year, and training in child psychiatry. Psychiatrists whose personal health
      beliefs favored an internal locus of control were more positively inclined toward
      preventive activities.

PMID- 3402924
TI  - Clinical perspectives on elderly first-offender shoplifters.
AB  - For more than a decade shoplifting first offenses by people over the age of 60
      have been increasing. Because elderly shoplifters are usually not motivated to
      steal by economic hardship, their shoplifting may be symptomatic of a psychiatric
      disorder. The diagnostic criteria for kleptomania are summarized, and four cases
      of elderly patients whose shoplifting was a factor in their psychiatric diagnoses
      are presented. Multidimensional psychiatric evaluation of elderly first offenders
      is recommended and should take into account psychodynamic and neurobehavioral
      factors, as well as the psychiatric sequelae of the trauma of arrest and criminal
      processing.

PMID- 3402925
TI  - Symptoms and functioning of patients with bipolar disorder six months after
      hospitalization.
AB  - The relationship between symptoms and functioning of patients with bipolar
      disorder who were hospitalized for a manic episode was examined in a prospective
      study. At six-month follow-up, symptomatic outcome was clearly superior to
      functional outcome. Almost 80 percent of patients were symptom free or mildly
      symptomatic. However, only 43 percent of patients were employed, and only 21
      percent were working at their expected level of employment. Thirty percent were
      rated as being unable to work. Additional analyses showed that 64 percent of the
      first-admission subjects were employed at some level at follow-up, compared with
      only 33 percent of subjects with multiple admissions. The results suggest that
      factors other than symptoms are related to the functioning of patients with
      bipolar disorder and that treatment should be targeted to the patient's
      disability as well to symptom amelioration.

PMID- 3402926
TI  - Treatment, care, and rehabilitation of the chronic mentally ill in Poland.
AB  - In Poland primary health settings provide about 71 percent of mental health
      services, particularly to patients with less serious illnesses, while psychiatry
      provides specialized mental health care for the chronic mentally ill, the
      mentally retarded, and patients with alcohol or drug dependence. Poland has a
      large number of outpatient clinics and an extensive network of sheltered
      workshops. Most inpatient psychiatric beds are located in mental hospitals; few
      general hospitals have psychiatric units. Deinstitutionalization has been less
      extensive in Poland than in many other countries; only about 10 percent of the
      chronic patients treated in mental hospitals were deinstitutionalized between
      1970 and 1981. During that period the proportion of patients hospitalized for a
      year or more decreased, the number of chronic patients treated in nursing homes
      increased, and the pattern of hospitalization shifted toward multiple
      readmissions.

PMID- 3402927
TI  - Inpatient psychiatric services for mentally retarded children.

PMID- 3402928
TI  - The Buffalo Family Support Project: promoting institutional change to meet
      families' needs.

PMID- 3402929
TI  - Toward a definition of psychoeducation.

PMID- 3402930
TI  - Training and translation: challenges faced by the Hispanic resident.

PMID- 3402931
TI  - A failed replication.

PMID- 3402932
TI  - Homeless: Axis I disorders.

PMID- 3402933
TI  - Confining AIDS patients.

PMID- 3402934
TI  - How flexible are our civil commitment statutes?

PMID- 3402935
TI  - Correlates of success in community mental health programs for the elderly.

PMID- 3402936
TI  - Professionals in distress.

PMID- 3402937
TI  - Treatment of patients with no diagnosable mental disorders in CMHCs.
AB  - Community mental health centers (CMHCs) have been criticized for directing
      resources that should be used to treat the seriously mentally ill to the
      treatment of less impaired patients. Many of the latter group are assigned one of
      the DSM-III V codes for conditions that do not meet criteria for a mental
      disorder. This study compared patients with V-code conditions and those with
      diagnosed mental disorders on clinical, social, and economic variables. V-code
      patients were significantly less likely to have had prior care and to rely on
      third-party payments. They were significantly more likely to have been self
      referred or referred by friends or family and to be white, well-educated, female,
      and married. CMHCs that treated fewer V-code patients reported proportionally
      more staff hours worked by physicians, indicating a greater medical orientation.
      The authors believe CMHCs should periodically evaluate whether, by serving
      patients with less serious conditions, they are diverting badly needed resources
      away from the seriously mentally ill.

PMID- 3402938
TI  - Variation in the self-concept of young adult chronic patients: chronicity
      reconsidered.
AB  - A group of 65 young adult chronic patients were asked to assess themselves and to
      describe a typical community resident and a typical mental patient; they used a
      semantic differential instrument consisting of adjective pairs arranged in a 7
      point bipolar rating scale. The self-assessments of 96 percent of the patients
      corresponded to their descriptions of either the community resident or the mental
      patient. Compared with the two-thirds of the sample who described themselves as
      community residents, subjects who described themselves as patients were more
      likely to be older and single, to report psychological distress, and to rely on
      homogeneous support networks. They were also more likely to be taking medications
      and to be pessimistic about their prognoses, but less likely to have been
      hospitalized. Such perceptual patterns may lock some young adult patients into
      patienthood.

PMID- 3402939
TI  - A psychoeducational group for HIV-positive patients on a psychiatric service.

PMID- 3402940
TI  - Videotape feedback on an inpatient psychiatric service.

PMID- 3402941
TI  - Orienting the staff of a new maximum security forensic facility.

PMID- 3402942
TI  - Successful resolution of threats to a therapist.

PMID- 3402944
TI  - Limitations of diagnosis.

PMID- 3402943
TI  - Outpatient commitment.

PMID- 3402945
TI  - Length of hospitalization.

PMID- 3402946
TI  - CMHC standards.

PMID- 3402947
TI  - Physical restraint.

PMID- 3402949
TI  - New tax law may hit hospital payroll expenses.

PMID- 3402948
TI  - Quality: is there a new era dawning?

PMID- 3402950
TI  - Antitrust debate centers on price, quality.

PMID- 3402951
TI  - Computerized patient care: blessing or curse?

PMID- 3402952
TI  - Insurance costs decrease for larger hospitals.

PMID- 3402953
TI  - MD-owned firms seek to enter hospital market.

PMID- 3402954
TI  - Hospitals and product development: round 2.

PMID- 3402955
TI  - Delta fare part of pilot program for care givers.

PMID- 3402956
TI  - Kaiser emphasizes outpatient care for AIDS.

PMID- 3402957
TI  - Nursing shortage: David Reed's top concern. Interview by Frank Sabatino.

PMID- 3402959
TI  - Basic benefits for employed Americans.

PMID- 3402960
TI  - Retiree benefits.

PMID- 3402958
TI  - Unions eager to exploit labor board rule.

PMID- 3402961
TI  - Playing it safe.

PMID- 3402962
TI  - Banking at work.

PMID- 3402963
TI  - Rx: shortages.

PMID- 3402965
TI  - Hospitals consider allergy and asthma programs.

PMID- 3402966
TI  - Bonus plans can result in more workable plans.

PMID- 3402964
TI  - Physicians now looking to purchase hospitals.

PMID- 3402967
TI  - Budgets expand for alternate care info systems.

PMID- 3402968
TI  - Eliminating the use of agency RNs: one approach.

PMID- 3402969
TI  - The dynamic extracellular matrix.

PMID- 3402970
TI  - Clear cell lymphoma: a clinicopathological study of four cases.
AB  - Four cases of clear cell lymphoma were studied by means of light and electron
      microscopy, enzyme-histochemistry, and E- and EAC-rosette formation. On light
      microscopic examination the tumors were seen to be composed mainly of round,
      oval, or slight irregular cells with water-clear, abundant cytoplasm. The
      neoplastic cells has round, oval, or convoluted nuclei with fine, evenly
      dispersed chromatin and one or more small but distinct nucleoli. On electron
      microscopic examination the clear cell lymphoma were characterized by lymphoid
      cells with striking electron lucent cytoplasm with few organelles. According to E
      rosette test and enzyme-histochemical findings, the investigators proposed that
      the clear cell lymphoma may be derived from T-cell lineages. Differentiated
      diagnoses of clear cell lymphoma from B-immunoblastic sarcoma, pleomorphic cell
      lymphoma, clear cell sarcoma, and clear carcinomas derived from lung, ovary, or
      kidney were discussed.

PMID- 3402972
TI  - Quantitative pathology of coccidioidomycosis in acquired immunodeficiency
      syndrome.
AB  - This study examines the laboratory aspects of diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis in
      11 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and the qualitative
      and quantitative differences between host responses of AIDS and non-AIDS patients
      who died with disseminated coccidioidomycosis. Material obtained at bronchoscopy
      confirmed the diagnosis of pulmonary coccidioidomycosis in 67% (6/9) of the
      patients. Patients with AIDS had a generally poor granulomatous response and
      statistically significantly increased numbers of spherules in lung tissue
      compared with non-AIDS patients. Neither antifungal therapy nor duration of
      clinical disease influenced the number of organisms present. The findings suggest
      a parallel between AIDS-associated coccidioidomycosis and other granulomatous
      diseases such as leprosy and schistosomiasis, in which the type of granuloma
      formation and organism numbers are influenced by the T-lymphocyte milieu.

PMID- 3402971
TI  - Absence of teratogenic effects of progesterone on the developing genital tract of
      the human female fetus.
AB  - It has been questioned whether prenatal exposure to progesterone, like exposure
      to diethylstilbestrol (DES), results in teratogenic abnormalities of the upper
      and lower genital tract in human females. Through the use of a recently described
      model in which human fetal reproductive tracts can be transplanted and grown in
      vivo for extended periods in athymic nude mice, genital tracts from human female
      fetuses, ages 7 to 18 weeks postovulation, were grafted into castrated murine
      hosts and grown for 4 to 10 weeks in the presence or absence of continuous
      exposure to progesterone. Substantial growth was observed. For all specimens, the
      morphogenetic process proceeded normally, resulting in the harmonious
      organization of a complete, well differentiated genital tract composed of
      fallopian tubes, uterine corpus, and cervix and vagina. The fallopian tubes were
      highly convoluted and disclosed fimbria. The uterine corpus was lined by a simple
      columnar epithelium; two layers of stroma in the wall were distinctly separated
      from each other. In the older specimens, the outer layer of stroma had assumed
      microscopic properties diagnostic of smooth muscle (myometrium). In the majority
      of specimens the region of the cervix/vagina disclosed the development of a
      fornix-like evagination at which point or slightly cranially there was a gradual
      but defined transition from columnar epithelium to squamous epithelium. The inner
      layer of endometrial stroma tapered and disappeared at or close to the
      squamocolumnar junction. The vaginal stroma was a single homogeneous layer and
      was continuous with the myometrium of the uterine corpus. In the context of this
      model system, prenatal exposure of the developing human female genital tract of
      progesterone was not associated with any obvious teratogenic effects.

PMID- 3402973
TI  - Desmoplastic reaction of gastric carcinoma: a light- and electron-microscopic
      immunohistochemical analysis using collagen type-specific antibodies.
AB  - The desmoplastic reaction in ten cases of gastric carcinoma was investigated
      light and electron immunohistochemically by using monospecific antibodies to
      collagen types. In addition to type I and III collagens, type V collagen was
      constantly recognized in the fibrous stroma, increasingly of the scirrhous
      carcinoma. Type IV collagen delineated the basement membranes of carcinoma nests
      linearly with occasional discontinuity, whereas in the scirrhous carcinoma, it
      was present along the thick bundles of collagenous fibers. Immunoelectron
      microscopic studies revealed that type I and III collagens were distributed on
      the collagen fibers, and type V collagen was stained in the margin of these
      fibers. These antibodies also reacted in the rough endoplasmic reticulum of
      fibroblasts or myofibroblasts in a few cases. Type IV collagen was localized in
      the periphery of smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells of collapsed capillaries,
      and myofibroblasts scattered in the stroma of scirrhous carcinoma. Carcinoma
      cells were not reactive with any antibodies examined. These findings suggest that
      type V collagen, as well as type I and III collagens, is involved in the
      formation of desmoplastic stroma, and that these collagens are reactively
      synthesized by fibroblasts and myofibroblasts in some interaction with invading
      carcinoma cells.

PMID- 3402975
TI  - Interaction of epithelial and stromal cells in vaginal adenosis.
AB  - Two types of direct contact between epithelial and stromal cells in patients with
      vaginal adenosis are documented in electron micrographs. In the first type,
      epithelial cells send cytoplasmic extensions through the basal lamina to achieve,
      at times, complete fusion with fibroblasts in the stromal compartment. In the
      second type, mast cells act as intermediaries between the epithelial and stromal
      compartments.

PMID- 3402974
TI  - Cell markers in gastrointestinal stromal tumors.
AB  - Stromal tumors of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract have generated considerable
      controversy about their direction and level of differentiation, particularly
      about whether the tumor cells are smooth muscle or Schwann cells. In an attempt
      to characterize these tumors, the immunohistochemical staining patterns of
      desmin, vimentin, actin, and S-100 protein were studied in 41 GI stromal tumors,
      using the avidin-biotin method, and compared with normal host smooth muscle and
      nerve and with esophageal and uterine leiomyomas. Twenty gastric and one rectal
      tumor stained diffusely with vimentin and actin, but not with desmin, and had
      scattered strongly S-100-positive cells that might either be trapped Schwann
      cells or tumor cells. Twenty small bowel tumors stained similarly to the gastric
      tumors with regard to vimentin, actin, and desmin, but most (17/20) had a unique,
      strongly positive geographic staining pattern with S-100. No differences in
      staining were noted between benign and malignant tumors in either gastric or
      small bowel sites, and most histologic patterns in tumors from similar locations
      stained similarly. These results suggest that GI stromal tumors are not truly
      "leiomyomas and leiomyosarcomas," but relatively undifferentiated tumors, with
      the expression of various antigens depending on their location in the gut.

PMID- 3402976
TI  - "Clear cell" oncocytoma of salivary gland.
AB  - For the most part, clear cell neoplasms of the salivary glands are
      adenocarcinomas of at least low-grade malignant potential. However, a rare benign
      clear cell tumor of major salivary glands can be distinguished as a histologic
      variant of oncocytoma and oncocytosis. Ten such cases have been identified in the
      files of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (Washington, DC). Eight patients
      were women, and nine of the lesions involved the parotid gland. All of the
      patients were middle-aged or older adults. The light-microscopic morphology and
      the phosphotungstic acid-hematoxylin (PTAH), PAS, and mucicarmine staining
      patterns were consistent with oncocytoma and oncocytosis. Transitions from
      typical eosinophilic oncocytes to clear cells were evident. Electron microscopy
      and histochemistry demonstrated that the clear cytoplasm seen by light microscopy
      was primarily due to artifact and intracytoplasmic glycogen. Mitochondria were
      the preponderant cytoplasmic organelles. Two patients were known to have
      experienced recurrent lesions.

PMID- 3402977
TI  - Subdiaphragmatic bronchogenic cyst with communication to the stomach: a case
      report.
AB  - A case of an infradiaphragmatic bronchogenic cyst in an adult patient presenting
      with nausea, vomiting, and epigastric discomfort is reported. An upper
      gastrointestinal series showed a multiloculated cyst communicating with the
      stomach via a patent fistulous tract. At laparotomy the cyst was found to be
      connected to and communicating with the posterolateral portion of the stomach.
      The cyst was completely below the diaphragm and received its blood supply from a
      branch of the abdominal aorta. Histologically, the cyst was composed of smooth
      muscle, respiratory epithelium, cartilage, and submucous glands. A review of the
      literature reveals that this case of bronchogenic cyst was unique in that it was
      located entirely beneath the diaphragm, was not associated with a diaphragmatic
      hernia or other congenital anomaly, and maintained a patent communication with a
      portion of the gastrointestinal tract, ie, the stomach, reminiscent of its
      embryological development.

PMID- 3402978
TI  - Bilateral renal dysplasia, pancreatic fibrosis, intrahepatic biliary dysgenesis,
      and situs inversus totalis in a boy.
AB  - This is a case report of a Japanese newborn infant showing bilateral renal
      dysplasia, severe pancreatic fibrosis simulating cystic fibrosis, intrahepatic
      biliary dysgenesis, and situs inversus totalis. The chromosomal analysis was
      normal. A review of the literature showed that there was another case exactly the
      same. These two rare cases had no difinite evidence of blood relationship, but
      occurred in the same town in a remote area.

PMID- 3402979
TI  - Keshan disease: an entity or not.

PMID- 3402980
TI  - Adenocarcinoma of the lung: a comparative diagnostic study using light and
      electron microscopy.
AB  - Several techniques for diagnosing adenocarcinoma of the lung are commonly
      available, but the frequency of their use and diagnostic sensitivity may vary.
      Twenty cases of primary lung adenocarcinoma obtained at surgery were studied by
      the following four routine techniques: light microscopy (LM) using hematoxylin
      eosin (H&E) stain, mucicarmine stain, and PAS-diastase stain, and electron
      microscopy (EM). Three observers independently determined the positivity (0
      [none], +/- [equivocal], 1 + [slight], 2 + [moderate], 3 + [marked]) of each of
      these cases for lumen formation in H&E-stained sections (LM lumens),
      intracytoplasmic (cytoplasmic mucicarmine) or intraluminal (luminal mucicarmine)
      mucicarmine, intracytoplasmic (cytoplasmic PAS) or intraluminal (luminal PAS) PAS
      diastase, and lumen formation (EM lumens) or microvilli (EM microvilli) on
      electron microscopy. Comparative matching of these seven microscopic determinants
      (using Wilcoxon signed-rank test) demonstrated significant (P less than .01)
      sensitivity of EM microvilli over EM lumens, EM microvilli over luminal
      mucicarmine, cytoplasmic PAS over luminal mucicarmine, EM microvilli over
      cytoplasmic mucicarmine, cytoplasmic PAS over cytoplasmic mucicarmine, and EM
      microvilli over LM lumens, and a significant (P less than .05) sensitivity of
      cytoplasmic PAS over LM lumens, EM microvilli over luminal PAS, luminal PAS over
      luminal mucicarmine, and cytoplasmic PAS over EM lumens. Friedman's nonparametric
      test (P less than .05) indicated a significant difference among the microscopic
      determinants. The most sensitive was EM microvilli (mean rank score, 5.17)
      followed by cytoplasmic PAS (4.77), luminal PAS (4.02), cytoplasmic mucicarmine
      (3.62), LM lumens (3.52), EM lumens (3.47), and luminal mucicarmine (3.40).
      However, each of the diagnostic techniques had case examples positive for one,
      but not for the others, indicating that maximum yield of adenocarcinoma diagnoses
      will be obtained by performing all four techniques (H&E, mucicarmine, PAS
      diastase, and electron microscopy.

PMID- 3402981
TI  - Distribution and significance of the smooth muscle component in polyps of the
      large intestine.
AB  - Immunocytochemical staining for alpha smooth muscle actin specifically reveals
      the distribution of the muscularis mucosae and pericryptal intramucosal smooth
      muscle fibers in the normal mucosa and polyps of the large intestine. In the
      latter, the muscular component is hyperplastic, especially in pedunculated
      polyps, which display a thick "muscular zone" at the top of the stalk. The
      diagnostic (and prognostic) significance of the distribution pattern of the
      muscular component in polyps, and in "early invasion" cases, is discussed.

PMID- 3402982
TI  - Distribution and immunophenotype of the inflammatory cell population in the
      benign lymphoepithelial lesion (Mikulicz's disease).
AB  - Benign lymphoepithelial lesion (BLL) is an autoimmune process characterized by
      swelling and diffuse inflammation of the major salivary glands. Autoantibodies
      have been isolated from lymphocyte cultures obtained from affected salivary
      glands, but the pathogenesis is still unknown. Previous studies have shown that
      the predominant population of inflammatory cells is represented by helper T
      cells, with only brief mention of the B cell population. Twenty-five surgical
      specimens from patients with BLL were studied immunohistochemically. Antisera
      used included monoclonal antibodies LN-1 and LN-2 for B cells, LN-3 for cells
      expressing human leukocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR) antigens, UCHL-1 for T cells, Leu
      7 for natural killer (NK) cells, and T suppressor lymphocytes and the polyclonal
      antibody to S100 protein for dendritic cells. A peculiar distribution of the
      inflammatory infiltrate was observed in all cases, characterized by the presence
      of very irregular "germinal centers" with pseudopod-like extensions surrounding
      epimyoepithelial islands. Lymphoid cells in this location were reactive with LN-1
      and LN-2 antibodies. These structures were surrounded by a "mantle" of mixed
      small B and T lymphocytes. A well-defined "interfollicular" zone was composed of
      cells strongly reactive with UCHL-1 and LN-3 antibodies, indicating the presence
      and activation of T cells. Dendritic cells defined by S100 and LN-2 reactivity
      were intermixed with epimyoepithelial cells, and were identified in 18 cases.
      Epithelial expression of HLA-DR antigens was restricted to inflamed areas. In
      contrast to previous reports denying the presence of Leu-7-positive cells in
      these lesions, cells reactive for this antibody were identified in 13 of 20
      cases, predominantly within germinal centers. The presence of dendritic cells,
      complex organization of the inflammatory infiltrate into well-defined B cell
      proliferation centers and activated interfollicular T areas, and the abnormal
      expression of HLA-DR antigens in epithelial cells support an antibody-mediated
      destruction of the epithelial cells in this disease.

PMID- 3402983
TI  - Prevalence and characteristics of Barrett esophagus in patients with
      adenocarcinoma of the esophagus or esophagogastric junction.
AB  - The prevalence and characteristics of Barrett esophagus in patients with
      adenocarcinoma of the esophagus or esophagogastric junction are uncertain. We
      studied 61 consecutive esophagogastrectomy specimens with adenocarcinoma, which
      were subjected to extensive histopathologic examination. Barrett esophagus was
      found in 64% of the cases (39 of 61), but had been recognized in only 38% of the
      patients with Barrett-associated carcinoma who had undergone preoperative
      endoscopy with biopsy (13 of 34). The median extent of Barrett esophagus with
      adenocarcinoma was 5 cm (range, 1 cm to 12 cm), and distinctive-type
      ("specialized") Barrett mucosa predominated (35 of 39; 90%). The Barrett
      adenocarcinomas were centered in the distal esophagus 2 cm +/- 0.3 cm above the
      esophagogastric junction. The patients with Barrett adenocarcinoma showed a
      striking predominance of white men (34 of 39; 87%) in contrast to gastric
      adenocarcinoma cases (21 of 69; 30%) and to Barrett patients without carcinoma or
      dysplasia (75 of 149; 50%), but similar to patients having adenocarcinoma of the
      esophagus or esophagogastric junction without demonstrable Barrett esophagus (16
      of 22; 73%). Our findings suggest that most adenocarcinomas of the esophagus or
      esophagogastric junction are Barrett carcinomas, rather than gastric cardiac
      cancers or other types of esophageal adenocarcinoma; most Barrett adenocarcinomas
      occur in short segments of Barrett esophagus, which may be difficult to detect at
      endoscopy; and white men with Barrett esophagus may constitute a clinically
      identifiable at-risk group suitable for surveillance.

PMID- 3402984
TI  - Pseudomicrobes: some potential diagnostic pitfalls in the histopathologic
      assessment of inflammatory lesions.
AB  - In the histopathologic evaluation of inflammatory lesions, numerous structures
      suggestive but not representative of microbial agents are encountered and may
      lead to erroneous diagnoses. Examples of pseudomicrobes are illustrated and
      discussed to prevent potential incorrect histopathologic assessments.

PMID- 3402985
TI  - Discrepancies of the biochemical and immunohistochemical estrogen receptor assays
      in breast cancer.
AB  - We examined the estrogen receptor (ER) content of 124 primary breast cancers by
      hormone binding and immunohistochemical (ER-ICA) assays. Both assays were in
      agreement in 110 tumors (89%; P less than .0001); 68 tumors were positive and 42
      were negative. In 14 cases (11%), the assays yielded discordant results. Three
      tumors showed hormone binding in the absence of immunohistochemically detectable
      ER; the false positive hormone binding resulted from the presence of normal
      epithelium adjacent to ER-ICA negative malignant cells. Eleven tumors failed to
      show hormone binding but were ER-ICA positive. Four of these were from
      premenopausal patients whose circulating endogenous estrogen may occupy the
      receptor, giving rise to false negative hormone binding assays. In four cases,
      the discrepancy of negative hormone binding assay and positive ER-ICA assay was
      attributed to scant tumor cells in the tissue sample. The remaining three
      discrepancies could not be resolved with certainty, but possibly resulted from
      alteration of the hormone binding site with preservation of the immunoreactive
      epitope on the ER molecule. These results indicate that the ER-ICA assay is more
      accurate than the hormone binding assay in identifying the presence of ER in
      cancer cells. The heterogeneous immunostaining of ER in tumor sections, which may
      reflect mosaicism of tumor cells, rate of cell proliferation, or phase of cell
      cycle, remains unexplained.

PMID- 3402986
TI  - Large-cell hematolymphoid neoplasms of uncertain lineage.
AB  - In almost every large study attempting to characterize non-Hodgkin's lymphomas,
      there is a small subset of tumors for which the lineage remains poorly defined.
      The investigators studied a series of 20 hematolymphoid neoplasms that could not
      be clearly assigned to the B or T cell lineage by phenotypic criteria.
      Histologically, 12 cases had an appearance suggesting a histiocytic origin, seven
      cases resembled a pleomorphic immunoblastic lymphoma, and one had a sarcomatoid
      appearance. By immunologic studies, a variety of B cell, T cell, and
      monocyte/macrophage markers were expressed on the neoplasms, often with
      coexpression of markers for different lineages. Twelve cases expressed the Ki-1
      antigen. In immunogenotyping studies of T cell receptor (TCR) and immunoglobulin
      genes, 13 cases showed clonal rearrangements of the beta or gamma TCR gene; one
      of these cases also had clonal rearrangements of a light chain immunoglobulin
      gene. Seven cases showed a germline configuration with all combinations of probes
      and enzymes used. We conclude that a small subset of hematolymphoid neoplasms
      shows a pattern of diverse immunologic marker expression that does not appear to
      reflect normal differentiation. However, a majority of these cases contain clonal
      TCR gene rearrangements, suggesting a frequent relationship to the T lineage.

PMID- 3402987
TI  - An investigation into the nature of giant cells in cardiac and skeletal muscle.
AB  - In an immunohistochemical study of six cases of giant cell myocarditis, the
      typical giant cells have been shown to express up to four different macrophage
      associated antigens, but not desmin, the intermediate filament protein
      characteristic of muscle cells. These results support the view that the giant
      cells have a macrophage rather than a myogenic origin. In contrast, the giant
      cells found in regenerating skeletal muscle have the immunophenotype of muscle
      cells and not of macrophages supporting their muscle origin.

PMID- 3402988
TI  - Mesenchymal hamartoma of the liver: report of a case in a 28-year-old.
AB  - A 28-year-old black woman presented with increasing abdominal girth and gross
      hepatomegaly. Preoperative investigations demonstrated an enlarging vascular
      tumor involving the right lobe of the liver. A right hepatic trisegmentectomy was
      performed, and histologic examination of the tissue revealed a mesenchymal
      hamartoma, a tumor usually presenting in early childhood. This case is unique
      because the patient is 22 years beyond the average presenting age, and is the
      oldest patient reported.

PMID- 3402989
TI  - Intramammary lymph node gold deposits simulating microcalcifications on
      mammogram.
AB  - Gold deposition occurs in a variety of tissues following chrysotherapy. We
      describe a woman who had intramammary lymph node gold deposits simulating
      microcalcifications on mammogram.

PMID- 3402990
TI  - Micrograph magnification--science or fiction?

PMID- 3402991
TI  - Isolation of DNA sequences on human chromosome 21 by application of a
      recombination-based assay to DNA from flow-sorted chromosomes.
AB  - By merging two efficient technologies, bivariate flow sorting of human metaphase
      chromosomes and a recombination-based assay for sequence complexity, we isolated
      28 cloned DNA segments homologous to loci on human chromosome 21. Subregional
      mapping of these DNA segments with a somatic cell hybrid panel showed that 26 of
      the 28 cloned DNA sequences are distributed along the long arm of chromosome 21,
      while the other 2 hybridize with sequences on the short arm of both chromosome 21
      and other chromosomes. This new collection of probes homologous to chromosome 21
      should facilitate molecular analyses of trisomy 21 by providing DNA probes for
      the linkage map of chromosome 21, for studies of nondisjunction, for chromosome
      walking in clinically relevant subregions of chromosome 21, and for the isolation
      of genes on chromosome 21 following the screening of cDNA libraries.

PMID- 3402992
TI  - Three major cytogenetic subgroups can be identified among chromosomally abnormal
      solitary lipomas.
AB  - We have investigated cytogenetically a total of 35 solitary lipomas, 10 of which
      have been reported previously. Of the 25 tumours presented herein for the first
      time, clonal chromosome aberrations were detected in 17. The remaining eight had
      normal karyotypes, although two of them had nonclonal aberrations in about one
      quarter of the cells. Based on the cytogenetic findings in all 35 lipomas, four
      major subgroups can be distinguished. These are characterized by: (I)
      hyperdiploid karyotypes including one or more supernumerary ring chromosomes (5
      cases); (II) diploid karyotypes with mostly balanced rearrangements involving
      12q13-14 (13 cases), including the rearrangement t(3;12) (q27-28;q13-14) in 4
      cases; (III) hypodiploid or diploid karyotypes with other aberrations than ring
      chromosomes or rearrangements of 12q13-14 (8 cases); and (IV) normal karyotypes
      (9 cases).

PMID- 3402994
TI  - Spermatogenesis in two patients with the fragile X syndrome. II. First meiosis:
      light and electron microscopy.
AB  - Chromosomes at first meiosis from two males with the fra(X) form of mental
      retardation were studied using pachytene surface spreads and air-dried
      preparations. The pachytene sex bivalents showed no discontinuation of the
      synaptonemal complex in the terminal part of Xq corresponding to band Xq27-28 of
      the mitotic chromosomes. In both cases the frequency of a secondary association
      of Xq and Yq appeared to be increased compared with controls. The pairing
      behavior of autosomal bivalents in pachytene and the frequency and distribution
      of chiasmata in diakinesis were normal. The impairment of spermatogenesis found
      in these males may not be caused by a meiotic disorder, but could be related to
      peritubular or intratubular pressure effects on germ cells.

PMID- 3402993
TI  - Linkage analysis using multiple DNA polymorphic markers in normal families and in
      families with fragile X syndrome.
AB  - Linkage data, using the polymorphic markers 52A (DXS51), F9, 4D-8 (DXS98), and
      St14 (DXS52), are presented from 14 fragile X pedigrees and from 7 normal
      pedigrees derived from the collection of the Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme
      Humaine. A multipoint linkage analysis indicates that the most probable order of
      these four loci in normal families is DXS51-F9-DXS98-DXS52. Recombination
      frequencies (theta) corresponding to maximum LOD scores (Z) were obtained by two
      point linkage analysis for a number of linkage groups, including: DXS51-F9 (Z =
      5.94, theta = 0.03), F9-DXS98 (Z = 0.51, theta = 0.26), F9-DXS52 (Z = 0.84, theta
      = 0.27), and DXS98-DXS52 (Z = 0.32, theta = 0.20). A multipoint linkage analysis
      of these loci, including the fragile X locus, was also performed for the fragile
      X population and the data support the relative order (DSX51, F9, DXS98)-FRAXA
      DXS52. Recombination frequencies and maximum LOD scores, which again were derived
      from two-point linkage analyses, were obtained for the linkage groups DXS51-F9 (Z
      = 9.96, theta = 0) and F9-DXS52 (Z = 0.07, theta = 0.45) as well as for the
      groups DXS51-FRAXA (Z = 2.42, theta = 0.15), F9-FRAXA (Z = 1.30, theta = 0.18),
      DXS98-FRAXA (Z = 0.05, theta = 0.36), and DXS52-FRAXA (Z = 2.42, theta = 0.15).
      The linkage data was further tested for the presence of genetic heterogeneity
      both within and between the fragile X and normal families for the intervals DXS51
      F9, F9-DXS52, F9-FRAXA, and DXS52-FRAXA using a modification of the A test.
      Except for the interval F9-FRAXA (P less than 0.10) there was no evidence of
      genetic heterogeneity for each of the various linkage groups examined. The
      heterogeneity detected for the interval F9-FRAXA, however, was most likely due to
      one family (Fx-28) that displayed very tight linkage between these two loci.

PMID- 3402995
TI  - cDNA cloning, expression and mapping of human laminin B2 gene to chromosome 1q31.
AB  - A laminin B2 chain cDNA clone was isolated from a human lung cDNA library by
      screening with antibody against mouse laminin. The authenticity of the human cDNA
      clone was established by comparison of the nucleotide and deduced amino acid
      sequences of the cDNA insert with those of the previously reported mouse laminin
      cDNA clones. The human clone (LC7) contained an insert of 0.75 kb (kilobase pair)
      that corresponded to the last 232 amino acid residues in the carboxyl terminus of
      the B2 chain. Northern blot analyses with the LC7 probe detected two mRNA
      transcripts of 8.2 and 5.6 kb in both normal human skin fibroblasts and three
      human tumor cell lines. The cDNA probe was also used in Southern blot analysis of
      DNA from human rodent somatic cell hybrids to localize the gene to human
      chromosome 1. In situ hybridization of the cDNA with metaphase chromosome spreads
      confirmed the assignment and further mapped the human laminin B2 chain gene to
      the long arm of chromosome 1 in the band q31.

PMID- 3402996
TI  - Effect of caffeine in Fanconi anemia. I. Restoration of a normal duration of G2
      phase.
AB  - In Fanconi anemia (FA) cells the duration of the G2 phase of the cell cycle
      prolonged. Such a slowing of the G2 phase can be induced in normal cells by
      irradiation with gamma rays during S phase, which also further increases the
      duration of G2 in FA cells. The addition of caffeine during the last 7 h of
      culture shortens the G2 phase in both nonirradiated and irradiated FA cells. In
      nonirradiated normal cells it may have no effect or may increase G2 phase
      duration, but in irradiated normal reduces the slowing of G2 induced by the
      radiation. This suggests that FA cells recognize and repair preexisting DNA
      lesions during G2 phase and that caffeine inhibits this process. The principal
      anomaly in FA may be a deficient repair during S phase, as manifest in the
      prolonged postreplication repair period during G2 phase required to repair the
      larger number of lesions passing through S phase.

PMID- 3402997
TI  - Type I procollagen in the severe non-lethal form of osteogenesis imperfecta.
      Defective pro-alpha 1(I) chains in a patient with abnormal proteoglycan
      metabolism and mineral deposits in the dermis.
AB  - We have screened type I procollagen synthesized in vitro by skin fibroblasts from
      several patients with the severe non-lethal form of osteogenesis imperfecta.
      Cells from one patient synthesized and secreted both normal and a larger amount
      of abnormal type I procollagen. The abnormal alpha chains are larger in size due
      to post-translational overmodifications involving the whole triple helical
      domain. Abnormal collagen heterotrimers had a melting temperature 2.5 degrees-3
      degrees C lower than normal ones or from controls. Chemical analysis of collagen
      in the medium showed a greater degree of both lysyl hydroxylation and
      hydroxylysyl glycosylation, the major increase in molecular mass of overmodified
      alpha chains being due to the higher hydroxylysine-bound hexose content. The
      proband's cells modify proteoglycan metabolism and mineral crystals form in the
      dermis, possibly a response to abnormal collagen-proteoglycan interactions. These
      findings can be explained by a small defect in the product of one allele for pro
      alpha 1(I) chains: three-quarters of the synthesized type I procollagen molecules
      are composed of trimers containing one or two chains defective near the C
      terminus of the triple helix or in the C-propeptide. The data obtained for this
      patient confirmed that the severity of clinical manifestations in osteogenesis
      imperfecta strongly depends on the location and nature of the mutations, and that
      the phenotype could be a consequence of a collagen defect(s) and its influence on
      collagen-collagen interactions and collagen interactions with other connective
      tissue components.

PMID- 3402998
TI  - [Congenital toxoplasmosis: value of modern IgM serodiagnosis is from the example
      of problem cases].
AB  - Congenital toxoplasmosis may be symptomatic or asymptomatic at the time of birth.
      In the latter case late manifestations may occur which can be avoided by early
      diagnosis and treatment. In comparison with the IgM-IFT we demonstrate the
      specificity and high sensitivity of a recently available immunosorbent
      agglutination assay (ISAGA) for the detection of IgM against toxoplasma. We also
      present evidence for the high diagnostic value of the ISAGA in cases where
      congenital toxoplasmosis is suspected. Based on the presented data we propose a
      pattern of diagnostic methods for the diagnosis or exclusion of congenital
      toxoplasmosis in newborns.

PMID- 3402999
TI  - [Frequency of Aeromonas species in the stools of healthy and diarrheic patients].
AB  - During two test periods (summer 1985 and January-August 1986) a total of 7713
      stool specimens were examined for the occurrence of Aeromonas spp. The isolation
      rate of the asymptomatic group was about 0.3%, the same rate was found in adults
      with diarrhea. In the stool specimens of 364 children 8 Aeromonas spp. could be
      found. A. caviae was isolated in most cases of diarrhea. Data obtained suggest
      that it seems to be useful to screen all diarrhoic stools of children for the
      occurrence of Aeromonas.

PMID- 3403000
TI  - Blocking of interferon synthesis in murine macrophages by pretreatment with
      interferon.
AB  - The influence of pretreatment with interferon (IFN) on subsequent IFN synthesis
      was investigated in macrophage cultures of DBA/2 and C57BL/6 mice. The doses of
      IFN alpha/beta for pretreatment ranged from 10,000 U/ml to 100 U/ml and the
      incubation time was between 18 and 2 h. No blocking effect was observed for
      chemical induction with poly I:poly C or CMA. However, for viral infection with
      NDV, blocking was observed. This inhibition of IFN synthesis was dependent on the
      dose and time of IFN pretreatment and of the titer of the inducing virus.
      Similarly in mouse fibroblast cultures no blocking activity was observed for
      induction with poly I:poly C/DEAE-dextran. Again, with NDV as inducer,
      pretreatment with IFN resulted in inhibition of interferon synthesis. Thus, our
      data show that blocking occurs only with a viral inducer and suggest that it is
      caused by an antiviral effect.

PMID- 3403001
TI  - Antigenicity of rat erythrocyte glycophorins.
AB  - The relationship between rat red blood cell (RBC) glycophorins and the antigens
      recognised by anti-rat RBC antibodies was examined. Initially, murine monoclonal
      antibodies specific for surface epitopes on whole rat RBCs were tested for their
      reactivity with RBC membranes on Western blots and two were found which reacted
      with blotted antigens. These antibodies recognised two bands corresponding to the
      major PAS-stainable bands of rat RBC membranes (i.e., the glycophorins) and a
      number of minor bands, thus demonstrating that the bands are antigenically
      related. This band-pattern was remarkably similar to that obtained with mouse
      anti-rat RBC serum. Digestion with neuraminidase altered the electrophoretic
      mobility of most of the bands, providing additional evidence that they are
      sialoglycoproteins, although sialic acid was shown not to contribute to their
      antigenicity. The glycophorin nature of the major antigens was verified by
      reelectrophoresis and blotting of bands excised from SDS gels, which showed that
      they were interconvertible monomeric and dimeric forms of the same polypeptide
      chain. It is suggested that rat RBC glycophorins are a related family of
      sialoglycoproteins with the high molecular weight members being formed by
      dimerization of five lower molecular weight polypeptide chains in various
      combinations.

PMID- 3403003
TI  - Influence of gonadal status and ovariectomy on serotonin content in pineal gland
      of White Leghorn hens.

PMID- 3403002
TI  - Unequal diameter of homologous chromosomes in interspecific hybrid females of
      Drosophila mulleri and D. arizonensis: studies on replication.

PMID- 3403004
TI  - Dopamine receptor binding activity of anti-parkinsonian active piperazino
      derivatives.

PMID- 3403005
TI  - Synthesis of erythromycin by resting cells of Streptomyces erythreus.

PMID- 3403006
TI  - Fluid accumulation in rabbit-ligated-ileal-loop model by enterotoxigenic
      Salmonella bareilly.

PMID- 3403007
TI  - Effect of surface desialylation on intestinal uptake of proteins in suckling
      rats.

PMID- 3403009
TI  - Epithelial ion transport, water uptake and lipid composition: comparison between
      frog and toad.

PMID- 3403010
TI  - Immobilization of purified goat cerebellar acetylcholinesterase for inhibition
      studies in a column.

PMID- 3403008
TI  - Alterations in lipid content during submerged cultivation of Claviceps sp. strain
      SD 58.

PMID- 3403012
TI  - Hoarding deficits in rats with lesions of ventral hippocampus and substantia
      nigra.

PMID- 3403011
TI  - Response of Dipetalonema viteae in Mastomys natalensis to some known
      antifilarials.

PMID- 3403013
TI  - Gentamicin induced alteration in ganglioside levels in various regions of central
      auditory pathway.

PMID- 3403015
TI  - Effect of atherogenic diet on synthesis and excretion of cholesterol by
      intestinal wall of rabbits in vitro.

PMID- 3403014
TI  - Calcium channel blockers in acute inflammation.

PMID- 3403017
TI  - WHO programme on acute respiratory infections.

PMID- 3403016
TI  - Promoting wholesome infant-feeding practices in India.

PMID- 3403019
TI  - Brain abscess in children.

PMID- 3403018
TI  - Clinical aspects of meningococcal infections.

PMID- 3403020
TI  - Strategies to control poliomyelitis in India.

PMID- 3403021
TI  - Studies on human fetal tissues--I. Fetal weight and tissue weights in relation to
      gestational age, fetal size and maternal nutritional status.

PMID- 3403023
TI  - A simple method of screening for intrauterine growth retardation at birth.

PMID- 3403022
TI  - Studies on human fetal tissues--II. Lipid composition of human fetal tissues in
      relation to gestational age, fetal size and maternal nutritional status.

PMID- 3403024
TI  - Comprehensive rural health services project Ballabgarh: trends in under-five
      mortality.

PMID- 3403025
TI  - Pattern of abdominal masses.

PMID- 3403026
TI  - Herpes zoster.

PMID- 3403027
TI  - Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy, tuberculoma of brain and cyanotic heart disease.

PMID- 3403028
TI  - Trisomy 4q: 46, xy,-11, +der (11), t(4;11) (q27; q25) pat in a child with
      multiple congenital anomalies.

PMID- 3403029
TI  - Childhood echinococcosis--a clinical profile.

PMID- 3403030
TI  - Esophageal foreign bodies.

PMID- 3403031
TI  - Association of cranial dermal sinus, with brain abscess.

PMID- 3403032
TI  - Pediatric emergencies.

PMID- 3403033
TI  - Maternal risk factors in intrauterine malnutrition.

PMID- 3403034
TI  - Artificial ventilation and prognostic factors in bacterial meningitis.
AB  - The use of artificial ventilation in patients with bacterial meningitis was
      increased from 8.0% of 176 patients admitted in 1966-1968 to 31.5% of 162
      patients admitted in 1975-1976. The therapeutic regimen was otherwise unchanged.
      The fatality rate decreased from 14.2% in the first period to 8.6% in the second,
      whereas the rate of neurological sequelae increased from 11.3% to 16.9%. A linear
      logistic model analysis was applied to correct for the influence of factors of
      known prognostic importance in the two periods, e. g. age, level of consciousness
      at admission, mode of admission and etiology. The analysis showed a significant
      50% reduction in fatality rate (p = 0.05), whereas the corrected rate of
      neurological sequelae appeared similar in the two periods. Our results suggest
      that an increased use of respirator treatment may improve the prognosis in
      bacterial meningitis.

PMID- 3403035
TI  - Absence of maternal antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen and HBV vertical
      transmission: one case of infection notwithstanding passive-active prophylaxis.
AB  - We report the case of a newborn of an HBsAg carrier mother who was infected by
      vertical transmission and developed a subclinical hepatitis B at four months of
      age, notwithstanding the passive-active prophylaxis performed right after birth.
      The mother's HBV marker status was: HBsAg positive, HBeAg positive, anti-HBc IgM
      positive at low titer, anti-HBc IgG negative, anti-HBs negative, anti-HBe
      negative. It is assumed that the absence of anti-HBC antibodies might have
      favoured, perhaps in utero, the HBV infection whose antigenic expression was
      subsequently delayed by HBIg administered at birth. These findings suggest that
      the positivity for anti-HBc IgM must be considered an additional marker of
      maternal infectivity especially in the absence of anti-HBc IgG antibodies.

PMID- 3403037
TI  - Seroprevalence of Legionella in Shanxi Province, China.
AB  - Using an ELISA with bacterial sonicate antigens, the prevalence of antibodies to
      the antigens of 15 legionellae was determined in 319 healthy individuals residing
      in Taiyuan, China (Shanxi Province). Significant antibody levels were detected to
      11 antigens. Confirming earlier studies, an association was noted between
      cigarette smoking and seroreactivity, however, none was observed between
      occupation, or sex and seroreactivity. When the response to specific antigens or
      antigenic "groups" was studied, an association with work site was apparent. These
      data suggested a higher rate of exposure to Philadelphia 1 type antigens at the
      Bureau of Mining dormitory and a nearby electric power plant, and to E-327F/NY-23
      type antigens at the Shanxi Mining College and Shanxi Daily newspaper. Further
      studies will define the reservoirs and mechanisms of exposure.

PMID- 3403036
TI  - Infectivity of medical staff for hepatitis B.
AB  - Prior to hepatitis B vaccination, 36,000 persons of the medical staff were tested
      for HBs antigen, HBc antibodies, and HBs antibodies. 210 sera were found positive
      for HBs antigen and HBc antibodies. Of these sera, 171 were available for testing
      for hepatitis B virus DNA as a marker of infectivity by spot hybridization. DNA
      was detected in only 15. One hundred and thirty-nine had HBe antibodies but no
      detectable HBe antigen, and only two of these were hepatitis B virus DNA
      positive. 12 had neither HBe antigen nor HBe antibodies and none had hepatitis B
      virus DNA. Hepatitis B virus DNA was, however, detected in 13 of 20 HBe antigen
      positive but HBe antibody-negative sera. Our study confirms epidemiological
      observations that medical staff hardly plays any role as a source of HBV
      infection for patients.

PMID- 3403038
TI  - A case of fatal enterotoxicosis complicated with acute bronchopneumonia caused by
      Staphylococcus aureus strains producing enterotoxin A.
AB  - This is a case report of a female patient 20 years of age who died of congestive
      heart failure as the result of acute staphylococcal bronchopneumonia resulting
      from possible aspiration during apparent staphylococcal enterotoxicosis. The
      diagnosis was supported by the isolation of the same strain of Staphylococcus
      aureus from the lungs, tonsils, and intestinal contents. Isolates from all three
      sources produced enterotoxin A, a common food poisoning toxin.

PMID- 3403039
TI  - Prolonged granulocytopenia due to selective antimicrobial modulation of the
      intestinal flora of irradiated mice: the impact on recovery from infection.
AB  - In order to study the effect of modulation of the intestinal flora on
      granulopoiesis, conventional mice were given drinking water with or without a
      combination of antimicrobial drugs, i.e. neomycin, polymyxin B, amphotericin B
      and nalidixic acid. These antimicrobial drugs, which selectively eliminate the
      aerobic gram-negative rods and suppress yeasts, are currently administered to our
      patients to prevent infection during granulocytopenia (nalidixic acid has been
      replaced by pipemidinic acid). After sublethal irradiation, mice on antimicrobial
      drugs were granulocytopenic longer than the controls. Although these differences
      were rather small, i.e. two days, the impact on the course of an experimental
      infection at the end of the period of granulocytopenia was substantial. After
      injection of 1 x 10(5) live bacteria into the thigh muscle, both groups of
      granulocytopenic mice exhibited an initial increase in the number of bacteria in
      the thigh muscle. After 18 h a further increase in the number of bacteria was
      found for 63% of the mice receiving antimicrobial drugs, whereas the number had
      dropped below the baseline in 77% of the controls. These differences were
      reflected in the incidence of bacteremia, i.e. positive blood cultures for the
      bacteria injected into the thigh muscle were found for 26% of the mice on
      antimicrobial prophylaxis versus only 2% of the control mice. Remarkably, the
      number of peripheral blood granulocytes correlated with the number of CFU
      isolated from the thigh 18 h after injection for the animals on prophylaxis but
      not for the controls. This might mean that modulation of the intestinal flora
      affects not only the number of circulating granulocytes, but also other host
      defense factors.

PMID- 3403040
TI  - Cefetamet pivoxil: bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity of the free acid
      against 355 gram-negative rods.
AB  - The in vitro activity of the free acid of cefetamet pivoxil (Ro 15-8075) was
      tested against 355 clinical isolates, namely enteropathogenic bacteria, glucose
      non-fermentative gram-negative rods (excluding Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and
      Legionella pneumophila. Ceftriaxone was included in the study as reference
      compound. Although the free acid of the orally active cephalosporin was generally
      weaker than ceftriaxone, it inhibited 88.2% and 94.5% of Enterobacteriaceae and
      Vibrionaceae at a concentration of 4 mg/l and 8 mg/l or less, respectively.
      Campylobacter jejuni proved resistant to both compounds. The activity of the new
      compound against glucose non-fermentative gram-negative rods was generally
      insufficient to be of promise for broad clinical use. Although the compound was
      at least twofold more active than ceftriaxone against Pseudomonas acidovorans,
      Pseudomonas alcaligenes and Pseudomonas cepacia, the former was at least two
      dilution steps less active than the latter against 14 species of the other less
      common glucose non-fermentative organisms.

PMID- 3403041
TI  - [Modification of catabolic metabolism in patients with sepsis and cranio-cerebral
      injuries by administration of human growth hormone].
AB  - Patients with hyperdynamic symptoms of a severe sepsis and patients after severe
      head injury show remarkable metabolic disturbances, which become apparent in a
      persistent catabolic stage. This was found in 17 septic patients (group I) and in
      20 patients after severe head injury (group II), who were studied for a period of
      10 days. During this time the urea production rate (UPR) and the catabolic index
      (CI) were measured. After a preliminary period of 5 days a stimulation test of
      hGH secretion using arginine was carried out to estimate the secretion of hGH,
      insulin and blood glucose. After this stimulation test a substitution therapy
      using 0.05 IU/kg B.W. i.m. hGH (Crescormon, Kabi Vitrum, Munchen) was applied to
      11 patients in group I (group Ia) and in 8 patients in group II (group IIa) who
      were then compared with patients without substitution therapy. The mean values of
      hGH basic secretion were the same in all groups and were within the normal range.
      30 min after stimulation it was possible to identify a distinct response pattern;
      90 min after stimulation there was no significant response. All groups showed
      significantly elevated levels of insulin; no further elevation after stimulation
      was observed. The blood glucose levels in all groups remained within the normal
      range at all times. All the groups were similar regarding behavior of the
      investigated parameters.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3403043
TI  - Microculture assay for human macrophage maturation in vitro. Cell-ELISA analysis
      of differentiation antigen expression.
AB  - The terminal differentiation of monocytes (mo) to macrophages (MO) is essential
      for the complex functioning of the mononuclear phagocyte system. Similar to in
      vivo MO maturation, blood mo transform to MO when cultured in vitro. This offers
      a model system for experimental studies of functional defects within this cell
      lineage. In order to develop a microassay for the evaluation of MO maturation in
      vitro we monitored the antigenic phenotype of MO during differentiation in vitro.
      The cells were grown either in suspension on hydrophobic Teflon foils, or as
      plastic adherent monolayers. Surface antigens were visualized on single cells
      with the immunoperoxidase slide technique or quantitated with the enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay (ELISA). As MO mature in vitro they increase in cell size, in
      the amount of beta-2-microglobulin, the myeloid antigen CD14 and HLA-DR antigen
      expression as measured with cell-ELISA, both in microwell cultures and on single
      cells. Upon terminal differentiation mo-MO express differentiation-specific
      antigens (transferrin receptor, surface transferrin and antigens of the Max
      series) which are indicative of a successful MO maturation. Monocyte cultures in
      microplates and the subsequent evaluation of differentiation antigen expression
      could be used as an experimental system to study the modulation of MO
      differentiation in vitro and may serve as an in vitro parameter of MO function in
      vivo.

PMID- 3403042
TI  - Cutaneous complications induced by continuous subcutaneous infusion. Experimental
      studies with portable mini-pumps.
AB  - In healthy volunteers, possible complications at the needle site were studied
      during short-term as well as continuous subcutaneous infusion of aqueous fluid
      with portable mini-pumps. Local complications, such as leakage of fluid,
      erythema, and bacterial contamination of the hypodermic needle were associated
      with the duration of the indwelling time, but not with the total volume delivered
      during every experiment. The hypodermic steel needle caused pain when the
      subcutaneous fat tissue layer was thin. These findings may have clinical
      relevance for the performance of continuous subcutaneous hormone infusion therapy
      (e.g. insulin-pump treatment of type-I diabetes mellitus).

PMID- 3403044
TI  - Modulation of pulmonary inflammation after endotoxin inhalation with a platelet
      activating factor antagonist (48740 RP).
AB  - An acute pulmonary response was induced in guinea pigs and hamsters by inhalation
      of bacterial endotoxin in the form of a purified lipopolysaccharide (LPS).
      Pretreatment with the platelet-activating factor (PAF) antagonist, 48740 RP,
      inhibited damage to endothelial cells, decreased vascular permeability and the
      number of neutrophils in the airways 24 h after exposure to LPS. The increase in
      the number of platelets in the airways caused by endotoxin was not affected. The
      results suggest that PAF modulates early inflammation after endotoxin inhalation.

PMID- 3403045
TI  - Concerning the assays for autonomic nerve receptors. Effects of incubation
      temperature and time on alterations in the number of receptors.
AB  - Alterations in autonomic nerve receptors play an important role in various
      pathological conditions, including bronchial asthma. Nevertheless, receptor assay
      conditions such as incubation temperature and incubation time are not consistent
      among various investigators. This study was designed to clarify the effects of
      incubation temperature and time on alterations in the number of autonomic nerve
      receptors. Guinea pig lung membranes were divided into five groups which were
      incubated under different incubation temperatures and over different incubation
      times. After incubation, the following experiments were performed. Beta-, alpha-1
      adrenergic, and muscarinic acetylcholine receptor assays were performed by direct
      binding technique using L-3H-dihydroalprenolol, 3H-bunazosin, and L-3H
      quinuclidinyl benzilate, respectively. Elevation of incubation temperature and
      prolongation of incubation time caused a significant decrease in the number of
      beta-adrenergic receptors and an increase in the number of alpha-1-adrenergic
      receptors. The number of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors did not change
      significantly in spite of changes in incubation temperature and time. Adenylate
      cyclase activity was measured by following the synthesis of cyclic adenosine
      monophosphate from nonradioactive adenosine triphosphate. Isoproterenol
      stimulated adenylate cyclase activity decreased significantly in correspondence
      with the elevation of incubation temperature and prolongation of the incubation
      time. Contents of free fatty acids in lung membranes were measured by high
      performance liquid chromatography. Free fatty acid contents increased
      significantly in accordance with elevation of incubation temperature and
      prolongation of incubation time which reflected on the degradation of membrane
      phospholipids.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3403046
TI  - Measuring human IgG4 by a two-site immunoradiometric assay with monoclonal
      antibodies.
AB  - By using 2 monoclonal antibodies, we developed a solid-phase 2-site
      immunoradiometric assay for measuring human IgG4. The measuring range (0.05-20
      micrograms/ml) covered more than 2 orders of magnitude. The sensitivity level
      should make this assay especially useful when IgG4 concentrations are too low to
      be detected by conventional methods.

PMID- 3403047
TI  - Comparative study of IgG1 and IgE antibody mediated homologous PCA in the mouse
      ear. Lack of cross-desensitization of IgG1 antibody mediated PCA to IgE antibody
      mediated PCA.
AB  - To characterize IgG1 antibody and IgE antibody mediated homologous passive
      cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) in the mouse ear, cross-desensitization was studied
      using a double-sensitizing technique. Mice were sensitized by injecting into
      their ears a mixture of two kinds of antibodies with distinct antigen
      specificities, and PCAs were elicited twice with specific antigens at an
      appropriate interval. The first PCA was elicited with one antigen free from Evans
      blue dye and the second with the other antigen in the presence of Evans blue to
      visualize the reaction. The amount of extravasated dye caused by the latter was
      determined colorimetrically and compared to that of control which did not receive
      the first challenge. In PCA mediated by IgG1 antibodies, elicitation of the first
      reaction significantly inhibited the second reaction evoked after 6, 12, or 24 h.
      Using IgE antibodies, elicitation of the first PCA also significantly inhibited
      the following reaction. Inhibition of the second reaction was observed 6 h to 12
      days after the first reaction. Conversely, IgG1 antibody mediated PCA did not
      affect the following reaction caused by IgE antibody. These results strongly
      suggest that alteration of skin mast cells is smaller in IgG1 antibody than in
      IgE antibody mediated PCA, when reactions with a similar intensity are evoked.
      Therefore, it is also suggested that the slight reaction of mast cells initiated
      by IgG1 antibody might be potentiated by another mechanism in IgG1 antibody
      mediated PCA.

PMID- 3403048
TI  - Isolation of a chemotactic protein for neutrophils from human ovarian follicular
      fluid.
AB  - Human follicular fluid was found to contain a factor chemotactic for human
      neutrophils. This chemotactic activity was shown to be heat labile and trypsin
      sensitive. Gel permeation chromatography experiments indicate that the
      chemotactic protein has an approximate molecular weight of 100 kd. Isoelectric
      focussing suggests an isoelectric point for this protein of around 5.8. The
      biologic and clinical significance of this apparently unique chemotactic protein
      remains to be determined.

PMID- 3403050
TI  - Pregnancy in dialysis patients.

PMID- 3403049
TI  - Phenotypic analysis of guinea pig Langerhans cells with antibodies directed
      against leucocyte surface antigens.
AB  - The epidermis was stained with a panel of recently produced anti-guinea pig
      leucocyte antibodies. Guinea pig Langerhans cells were not detectable with
      antibodies directed against B lymphocytes (MSgp9), T lymphocytes (CT7 and MSgp7),
      T-helper/inducer (MSgp12) and putative T-suppressor/cytotoxic (CT6 and MSgp6)
      subsets. Langerhans cell expressed both major histocompatibility complex (MHC)
      class-I and II antigens and also an epitope (CT4) associated with lymphocyte
      migration, thus suggesting the migratory potential of this cell. Although the
      Langerhans cell did not express macrophage specific antigens, MSgp5, which
      detects lymphoid dendritic cells, was weakly expressed on the Langerhans cell.
      The Langerhans cell expressed a leucocyte-common antigen detected by H201. Double
      labelling studies with anti-MHC class-II antibodies indicated that only 0.4 +/-
      0.3% of the pan leucocyte-positive epidermal cells were Ia-negative, indicating
      that it is unlikely that a guinea pig analogue of the murine Thy-1 + dendritic
      epidermal cell (Thy-1 + dEC) exists.

PMID- 3403051
TI  - Toxicity in uremia. 1. Correlation between PTH levels and depressed cell
      proliferation.
AB  - Cell proliferation is significantly depressed in uremia; to assess the influence
      of PTH on it, normal lymphocytes were cultured in presence of uremic patients'
      serum with low or high plasma PTH levels (Group A; PTH less than 2.5 ng/ml; Group
      B: PTH greater than 12 ng/ml), and serum of normal subjects (Group C). Cell
      proliferation was lowered by serum from both groups (p A vs C less than 0.004; p
      B vs C less than 0.001). However, the depressing effect was more evident when
      group B serum was employed (p A vs B less than 0.002).

PMID- 3403052
TI  - Toxicity in uremia. 2. Correlation between PTH levels and impaired aspecific
      immunity.
AB  - The role of PTH in depressing polynuclear leucocyte (PMN) phagocytosis in uremia
      was investigated. The hydrophobicity and phagocytic activity of normal PMN was
      tested in presence of uremic patients' serum with low (Group A) or high (Group B)
      levels of plasma PTH. The PMN phagocytic index was lowered by serum of both
      groups, but more in presence of Group B serum (p A vs B less than 0.002).
      Similarly, the contact angle of cells was affected more in presence of serum of
      patients with high PTH levels (p B vs A less than 0.003; p B vs C less than
      0.002).

PMID- 3403053
TI  - Quantitative estimation of dietary intake in patients on hemodialysis.
AB  - A simple method to calculate the amount of dietary (protein, sodium and
      potassium) intake in hemodialyzed patients was developed. In 8 nutritionally
      stable patients, the amount of dietary intake was monitored conventionally by a
      dietary record method. In contrast, assuming that the amount of dietary intake
      was equal to the amount of accumulation in the body, the former was calculated as
      the change in the product of serum concentrations and total body fluid volume,
      which was estimated based on the sex and body build of each patient. The urea
      accumulation was converted to the protein intake. The interdialytic dietary
      protein and sodium intake calculated by this method, 120 +/- 10 g and 240 +/- 40
      mEq, respectively, was not significantly different from that obtained by the
      dietary record, while the interdialytic potassium accumulation, 60 +/- 7 mEq, was
      significantly smaller than the dietary intake, 110 +/- 9 mEq, obtained by the
      record method, though the correlation was significant. Thus, the amount of
      protein and sodium intake can be calculated simply without diet research or body
      fluid volume measurements. Although potassium intake can not be calculated
      exactly because of intestinal loss, this simple method gives us a rough estimate.
      In addition, multiple regression analysis showed that the amount of energy intake
      obtained by the record method may be explained by the protein and sodium intake
      estimated by simple calculation.

PMID- 3403055
TI  - Pyrazinamide and rifampicin regimens for patients on maintenance dialysis.
AB  - We measured pyrazinamide and rifampicin plasma concentrations in five patients
      with pulmonary tuberculosis and end stage renal failure treated by haemodialysis
      or continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Using conventional daily doses of
      oral pyrazinamide and rifampicin, we found that the drugs were removed
      efficiently by both dialysis methods, so that plasma levels were sub-optimal for
      maximal bactericidal action. These findings suggest that in patients with
      tuberculosis on maintenance dialysis, treatment should be either with higher
      doses of these two drugs, or with additional replacement doses given after each
      dialysis. Further detailed pharmacokinetic studies on larger numbers of patients
      are indicated.

PMID- 3403054
TI  - Comparison of four different short dialysis techniques.
AB  - The goal of shortening dialysis treatment time has stimulated the development of
      new, highly efficient dialytic strategies. In this study the Authors compared
      four different short dialysis treatments in terms of efficiency, clinical
      tolerance, technological investment and costs: 1) Rapid bicarbonate dialysis with
      1.5 sq.m. cuprophane membrane; 2) High flux biofiltration with 1.2 sq.m. AN69S
      hollow fiber membrane; 3) Hemodiafiltration with 1.2-1.9. sq.m. polysulphonic
      hollow fiber hemodiafilters, and 4) High flux hemodiafiltration with two serial
      hemodiafilters with AN69s membrane (total 2.4 sq.m.). Hydraulic properties and
      solute clearances at different blood flows (300-500 ml/min) were tested for each
      technique. Once the optimal operative level was established three patients were
      treated with each technique for at least six months. Since BUN clearance averaged
      310 ml/min, the treatment duration varied from 120 to 180 min/session with KT/V
      always higher than 1. The average protein catabolic rate was 0.9 g/kg/24h.
      Clinical tolerance was generally good, slightly better in treatments with a high
      convective component. Despite the greater efficiency of treatment No. 4, the
      technological requirements and costs are such that the others are currently more
      feasible and acceptable in clinical routine. The study demonstrates that
      reduction of dialysis treatment time is possible in all centres in a selected
      population with adequate blood access. Treatment No. 1 can even be performed with
      standard equipment and cuprophan membranes, while bicarbonate in the dialysate is
      mandatory. The real limit to shortening treatment time seems to be related to the
      maximal rate of ultrafiltration achievable in the patient during dialysis.

PMID- 3403056
TI  - A portable pneumatic driving unit for a left ventricular assist device.
AB  - The authors developed a portable air driving unit for an artificial heart. As the
      portable energy source of the driver, a commercially available Ni-Cd battery was
      used. A linear compressor was selected as a portable size compressor. To reduce
      the number of parts to be assembled, a new type of pneumatic system was employed.
      In this system, the pressure level was regulated by varying the output flow rate
      of the compressor instead of using a pressure regulator and large air reservoirs.
      A one-board microcomputer and pressure sensors were used to control the pressure
      level. The total weight of the unit is 9.5 Kg. After assembling the components
      into the portable unit, a blood pump was connected to examine the output
      characteristics of the system. It was confirmed that the unit could drive the
      blood pump continuously for more than 2 hours under the following conditions:
      output flow rate of the blood pump = 5 L/min and output pressure = 100 mmHg.

PMID- 3403057
TI  - Effect of membrane trapping in plasma fractionator on separative characteristics.
AB  - Several kinds of plasma fractionators have been introduced to actively separate
      protein fractions between albumin and globulins in double filtration
      plasmapheresis. However, relatively large molecular weight proteins are known to
      be partially trapped by the membrane in a plasma fractionator. In this paper,
      effects of membrane trapping on separation characteristics in plasma
      fractionators were examined during in vitro and in vivo studies. All in vitro
      experiments were done with a closed circuit under constant-flow rate filtration.
      Protein concentration in feed tank kept constant at no filtration in AS-14H,
      Evaflux 4A and 2A, while 20-40% of IgG and 40-60% of beta-lipoprotein in 2 liter
      plasma were removed by membrane trapping for 300 min when filtration fraction
      equaled 0.87. Protein plugging to the membrane seems to be a major factor in
      these proteins. And, Dead-end and Partially Discarded modalities with relatively
      high filtration fraction are effective for the separation between albumin and
      globulin. Twenty-seven DFPP treatments in 13 patients with autoimmune diseases
      were done to allow us to estimate the effects of membrane trapping during an in
      vivo study. All treatments using 6 types of plasma fractionator were performed
      under constant operating conditions with Partially Discarded modality. In any
      plasma fractionator, beta-lipoprotein was fairly trapped at 30 min after the
      start of treatment.

PMID- 3403059
TI  - Plasma collection using nafamostat mesilate and dipyridamole as an anticoagulant.
AB  - Nafamostat mesilate (FUT-175) is a strong protease inhibitor and is used as an
      anticoagulant in extracorporeal circulation. In the present study, we
      administered FUT and dipyridamole as anticoagulants during donor plasmapheresis,
      and the additional effect of dipyridamole was examined. In dogs weighing about 15
      Kg, donor plasmapheresis was performed using a cellulose triacetate membrane
      plasmaseparator (PEX-15, Nipro), and 300 ml of filtrated plasma was obtained
      within 30 minutes. These dogs were divided into two groups, 50 mg/h of FUT alone
      was infused (group A, n = 10), and the same dose of FUT and 25 mg/h of
      dipyridamole were infused (group B, n = 5) during plasmapheresis. Changes of the
      coagulation system, blood cell counts and complement system were investigated. In
      clinical cases, an artificial liver support therapy using FUT as an anticoagulant
      was performed on 8 patients with acute liver failure, and blood compatibility was
      examined. In dogs, RBC counts and hematocrits were almost stable, but WBC counts
      were decreased to about 70% of the previous value. Platelets counts were about
      60% and 80% of the previous value, in group A and group B, respectively, at the
      end of the plasmapheresis (P less than 0.01). Clotting factor VII was diminished
      to about 20% and 35% of the previous value in group A and B, respectively. In
      clinical cases, all patients received the plasma exchange combined with
      hemodialysis using FUT as an anticoagulant, and no distinct side effect was
      observed during plasma exchange.

PMID- 3403058
TI  - Removal and recovery of cholesterol in thermofiltration.
AB  - Thermofiltration, a system of membrane plasmapheresis for LDL apheresis, was
      applied to the treatment of hypercholesterolemic patients to assess its lipid
      lowering potential, clinical feasibility and post-treatment lipid recovery.
      Plasma separated by a membrane separator was warmed above physiologic
      temperature, filtered with a plasma filter and returned to the patient on-line
      without requiring supplemental plasma product infusion. One calculated plasma
      volume was treated. Treatment schedules were weekly, biweekly or monthly.
      Patients treated by thermofiltration in this study were diagnosed as type II
      hypercholesterolemia. Reductions and sievings of high density lipoprotein (HDL)
      cholesterol and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol were evaluated. In
      addition, post-treatment solute recovery was assessed. The reduction ratios of
      HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol were 0.31 +/- 0.08 and 0.58 +/- 0.08,
      respectively (mean +/- S.D. of 7 patients). Sieving coefficients of the plasma
      filter for HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol were 0.62 +/- 0.12 and 0.03 +/-
      0.02, respectively (mean +/- S.D. of 32 treatments). Cholesterol reduction fitted
      well to a single pool model. HDL cholesterol recovered significantly faster than
      LDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol recovery differed among individuals. For some
      patients total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels were lowered by the
      biweekly treatment while for others the weekly treatment was required.
      Significant removal of LDL cholesterol with sparing of HDL cholesterol was
      achieved without the requirement for plasma products.

PMID- 3403060
TI  - Expression of differentiation antigens within human mammary tumours is related to
      response to endocrine therapy and survival.
AB  - Human mammary tumours which are histologically well differentiated are more
      likely to synthesize receptors for estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) and to
      respond to systemic endocrine therapy. The aim of this study was to explore the
      relationship between differentiation, receptors and endocrine responsiveness in
      more detail by relating the expression of putative differentiation antigens
      within tumours to ER, PR and response to treatment. Sections of the primary
      tumours of 160 patients with advanced evaluable breast cancer were immunostained
      with 2 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) (HMFG1 and HMFG2) raised against putative
      differentiation antigens found on the membranes which surround the milk fat
      globule. Tumours were highly heterogeneous with respect to antigen expression.
      However, the number of cells which expressed the antigens was highly correlated
      with ER and PR concentrations and with response to endocrine therapy. In tumours
      where greater than or equal to 20% of cells expressed the antigen recognized by
      HMFG1, 73% responded to endocrine therapy; this was similar to the response
      predicted by ER (67%) and PR (73%). Expression of HMFG1 was correlated with
      survival from the start of endocrine therapy (p less than 0.0001) to the same
      degree as ER and PR. Patients with tumours which expressed ER, PR and HMFG1 had
      the highest response rate (87%) and survival (median 49 months); the response in
      tumours which expressed none of these phenotypes was 13% and the median survival
      of these patients was 9 months. These results suggest that cells which express
      differentiation antigens also express ER and PR. Differentiated cells within
      mammary tumours may therefore be the target cells for systemic hormone, and also
      the source of factors which control tumour growth.

PMID- 3403061
TI  - Recent trends in cancer incidence among Singapore Chinese.
AB  - Since the inception of cancer registration in Singapore in 1968, the incidence
      rates of malignancies have been monitored among the 3 major ethnic groups-
      Chinese (77% of population), Malays (15%) and Indians (6%). Substantial changes
      in incidence at various sites were observed in the period 1968-1982, which seem
      to represent a shift from the pattern of cancer incidence in China towards that
      prevailing in the West. We now report on the Singapore Chinese experience, in
      which the following changes were notable: decreases in rates of cancers of the
      stomach and oesophagus and increases in rates of cancers of the lung, colon,
      rectum, skin (excluding melanoma), breast and ovary. For several sites, the
      secular changes differed among age groups; among women under 50 years of age
      breast cancer increased particularly sharply and lung cancer decreased.
      Environmental and personal factors, potentially responsible for the change, are
      discussed.

PMID- 3403062
TI  - Case-control study of proximal and distal colon cancer and diet in Wisconsin.
AB  - The relationship between diet and subsite-specific colon cancer was investigated
      using dietary histories obtained from a statewide, population-based sample of 152
      proximal colon cancer patients, 201 distal colon cancer patients and 618 general
      population controls. The results do not support hypotheses that (1) dietary fat
      and cholesterol are more strongly related to proximal colon cancer and (2)
      vegetables and other dietary sources of fiber are more strongly associated with
      distal colon cancer. Vegetable consumption over lifetime was consistently
      protective for both proximal and distal colon cancer. Odds ratios and 95%
      confidence intervals for the most significant dietary factors (based on high vs.
      low consumption) for proximal colon cancer were: salad, 0.29 (0.17, 0.48);
      miscellaneous vegetables, 0.58 (0.35, 0.97); cruciferous vegetables, 0.59 (0.35,
      0.97); processed lunchmeat, 2.04 (1.31, 3.17); pan-fried foods, 1.79 (1.15,
      2.80); eggs, 1.75 (1.02, 2.99) and for distal colon cancer they were: salad, 0.43
      (0.28, 0.67); cruciferous vegetables, 0.44 (0.28, 0.71); cheese, 0.62 (0.40,
      0.96); processed lunchmeat, 1.79 (1.17, 2.73); pan-fried foods, 1.55 (1.03,
      1.27). The results support recommendations that the "prudent diet" (low-fat, high
      vegetable) may reduce colon cancer risk.

PMID- 3403063
TI  - Recombinant human leukocyte interferon-alpha 2b stimulates the synthesis and
      release of a 90K tumor-associated antigen in human breast cancer cells.
AB  - We have previously reported the production of a new monoclonal antibody (MAb) (SP
      2) recognizing a 90-kDa tumor-associated antigen, termed 90K, which is increased
      in the serum of many cancer patients. Treatment of CG5 human breast cancer cells
      with recombinant interferon-alpha 2b (rIFN-alpha 2b) can increase the synthesis
      and release, in culture medium, of the 90K. The effect of rIFN-alpha 2b was dose
      related and occurred at concentrations which did not affect cell proliferation.
      The increase of 90K expression was due to de novo protein synthesis since
      cycloheximide, added within 3 hr of the beginning of rIFN-alpha 2b stimulation
      treatment, completely abolished the effect of rIFN-alpha 2b. The stimulatory
      effect of rIFN-alpha 2b was already evident after 24 hr treatment. Finally, an
      increase in serum 90K levels was observed in 3 patients with advanced breast
      cancer receiving a short course of rIFN-alpha 2b (Intron A). No effect of rIFN
      alpha 2b was seen in 3 normal women. The ability of rIFN-alpha 2b to increase the
      synthesis and release of 90K both in vitro and in vivo may be of clinical
      importance in the early detection of tumors.

PMID- 3403065
TI  - The Danish case-control study of cutaneous malignant melanoma. I. Importance of
      host factors.
AB  - The relationship between cutaneous malignant melanoma and possible host factors
      was investigated in a population-based case-control study from East Denmark over
      a 3-year period. A total of 474 melanoma patients and 926 population controls
      aged 20-79 years were interviewed. Patients with lentigo maligna melanoma were
      not included. The major constitutional risk factors were: number of raised naevi
      on the arms (RR = 5.1 for 5+ vs. none), degree of freckling (RR = 2.9 for many
      vs. none), and light hair colour (RR = 1.7 for blond/fair vs. dark brown/black),
      which were independent of one another. An apparent synergy between number of
      raised naevi on the arms and degree of freckling was found. Thus, persons at high
      risk of melanoma may be identified by a simple assessment of naevi and degree of
      freckling. No significant difference was found between superficial spreading
      melanoma and nodular melanoma with regard to the most important host factors.

PMID- 3403064
TI  - Remission of oral leukoplakias and micronuclei in tobacco/betel quid chewers
      treated with beta-carotene and with beta-carotene plus vitamin A.
AB  - Fishermen from Kerala (India) who chewed tobacco-containing betel quids daily
      (17.2 +/- 9.6 quids per day) and had well-developed oral leukoplakias with
      elevated frequencies of micronucleated cells participated in a short-term
      intervention trial. Beta-carotene (180 mg/week) (Group I), beta-carotene (180
      mg/week) plus vitamin A (100,000 IU/week) (Group II), and placebo (Group III)
      capsules were given twice weekly for 6 months under strict supervision. The
      remission of oral leukoplakias, the inhibition of new leukoplakias, and the
      reduction of micronucleated oral mucosal cells were recorded at the 3rd and 6th
      months of the trial period. After 3 months, the frequency of micronucleated cells
      was significantly reduced in Group I (from 4.09% to 1.1% in areas of leukoplakia,
      and from 4.1% to 1.0% in the normal mucosa). At this time, remission of oral
      leukoplakias did not differ significantly from that observed in the placebo
      group. After 6 months of treatment, remission of leukoplakias in Group I (14.8%)
      and Group II (27.5%) differed significantly from that seen in Group III (3.0%).
      The development of new leukoplakias during the 6-month period was strongly
      inhibited in Group II (7.8%), and to a lesser degree in Group I (14.8%), as
      compared to Group III (21.2%). During the trial period, all participants
      continued to chew tobacco-containing betel quids in their accustomed manner.
      Thus, remission and inhibition of new oral leukoplakias and reduction of
      micronucleated mucosal cells occurred in the groups receiving beta-carotene and
      beta-carotene plus vitamin A during the continuous presence of carcinogens
      derived from tobacco and areca nut.

PMID- 3403067
TI  - Reproductive factors and risk of ovarian cancer: a prospective study.
AB  - Associations between reproductive factors and risk of ovarian cancer were
      examined in a prospective study of 60,565 women in Norway. A total of 445 women
      were diagnosed as having ovarian cancer during follow-up, from 1961 through 1980.
      The highest risk was observed among nulliparous women, and the risk decreased
      significantly with increasing parity. The estimated odds ratio for women with 5
      or more births compared with one birth was 0.46, after adjustment for age,
      urban/rural place of residence and occupational class. Neither age at first or
      last birth, nor age at menarche or menopause, nor marital status, showed
      significant associations with ovarian cancer risk after adjustment for parity.
      The apparent protective effect of high parity was observed for epithelial as well
      as non-epithelial cancers, and for the separate histological types of epithelial
      cancer except mucinous cystadenocarcinomas.

PMID- 3403066
TI  - Immunolocalization of an angiogenic factor (HAF) in normal, inflammatory and
      tumor tissues.
AB  - The distribution of a novel human angiogenic factor (HAF) (Schulze Osthoff et
      al., 1987) has been investigated on various human cell lines, isolated blood
      cells as well as in normal, inflammatory and tumor tissues. Localization was
      performed by using the monoclonal antibody (MAb) 5F4 directed against HAF. It was
      found that 30% of freshly isolated human monocytes expressed the 5F4 antigen. The
      number of positive cells increased to 75-90% on day 4 to 7 upon culture and then
      decreased. Twenty percent of freshly isolated human lymphocytes also stained
      positively, whereas granulocytes and platelets were negative. In cryostat
      sections of normal human tissue (skin, lung, liver, spleen, placenta) 5F4 is
      positive with capillary endothelial cells and few macrophages. In inflammatory
      tissue derived from gingivitis and rheumatoid arthritis, more macrophages than in
      normal tissues and less endothelial cells were positive. In tumor tissues some
      endothelial cells and a subset of tumor-infiltrating macrophages expressed the
      antigen. Tumor cells were positive in advanced melanomas, but only occasionally
      in stomach carcinomas. We conclude that the angiogenic factor is produced mainly
      by a subset of inflammatory macrophages which appear to be the principal source
      of HAF in regenerating or growing tissues.

PMID- 3403068
TI  - Subsequent development of acute non-lymphocytic leukemia in patients treated for
      Hodgkin's disease.
AB  - A nested case control study was carried out to investigate the association
      between treatment of patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD) and the risk of
      developing acute non-lymphocytic leukemia (ANLL). Seven Cancer Centers of the
      International Cancer Patient Data Exchange System of the UICC participated. A
      study cohort was selected consisting of 1,681 nonpretreated patients with HD,
      diagnosed from 1972 through 1978, and followed up through 1984. The median follow
      up time was 66 months. Eighteen cases of leukemia were observed in the cohort.
      The risk of development of ANLL was significantly greater for male than for
      female patients. The treatment characteristics associated with an increased risk
      of developing ANLL were extensive radiotherapy, splenectomy and the chemotherapy
      combination of vincristine, procarbazine and mechlorethamine.

PMID- 3403069
TI  - Inflammation and anti-tumor resistance. IV. Induction of cytostatic activity of
      murine peritoneal cells by a mouse granuloma protein.
AB  - Peritoneal cells from C57B1/6 mice, incubated in vitro with a pure mouse
      granuloma protein (MGP), decreased growth of Lewis tumor cells (3LL). This
      cytostatic activity was due to the release of stable cytostatic factor(s) as
      determined by reduction of 125iododeoxyuridine (125I-UdR) incorporation in target
      cell cultures. Resident, inflammatory or bone-marrow-derived macrophages
      incubated with MGP had no cytostatic effect on tumor cells. Co-operation between
      lymphocytes and macrophages was required to express cytostasis when these cells
      were exposed to MGP. Maximal production of this factor by peritoneal cells was
      detected in the medium after treatment with MGP for 6 hr. Cytostatic activity was
      thermolabile (1 hr/56 degrees C). Fractionation of peritoneal cell supernatant by
      HPLC resulted in the recovery of one peak, eluting at 70 kDa, which was
      cytostatic for 3LL cells. The cytostatic supernatant was tested for tumor
      necrosis factor activity (TNF): no correlation between TNF and cytostatic
      activity was observed. Indeed, even high amounts of mouse rTNF did not affect 3LL
      cell growth. Moreover, monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to mouse TNF had no effect on
      cytostasis, indicating absence of synergistic interactions of the cytostatic
      factor with low levels of mouse TNF.

PMID- 3403070
TI  - Cytomatrix reorganization in dimethyl sulfoxide-induced "Qi" substate murine
      hepatic tumor cells.
AB  - Cultured murine hepatic tumor (HT) cells respond to the polar solvent
      dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) with specific alterations in morphology, proliferative
      kinetics, and biochemical properties. These include entrance into a quiescent
      "Qi" substate (characterized by accumulation of cells in G1 phase and lowered
      cellular RNA content), enhanced production of liver-specific proteins, and
      decreased expression of growth traits characteristic of the transformed
      phenotype. Entrance of HT cells into Qi was associated with increased monolayer
      compaction and a shift from an elaborate surface fibronectin (FN) network to a
      sparse and restricted distribution of FN fibers. This marked decrease in the
      extent and complexity of the cellular FN network, as a consequence of DMSO
      exposure, was reflected in a 90% decline in the amount of FN secreted into the
      culture medium. These data complement previous studies indicating that the
      accumulation and composition of liver cell matrix substances reflect altered
      patterns of hepatocyte-specific gene expression. In the HT cell system, DMSO
      appears to act in a bifunctional manner, increasing the production of certain
      tissue-specific proteins (e.g., albumin and alpha-fetoprotein) while decreasing
      the secretion and deposition of other cellular components (FN). DMSO may directly
      regulate expression of these proteins in HT cells or alter the pattern of
      cellular response to specific autocrine growth factors.

PMID- 3403071
TI  - Phorbol-ester-induced stable changes in the regulation of DNA synthesis and
      intracellular pH are accompanied by altered expression of protein kinase C in the
      monoblastoid cell line U-937.
AB  - 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced changes in cytoplasmic pH,
      cytoplasmic Ca2+-concentration, rate of DNA synthesis, and concentration and
      activity of protein kinase C (PKC) were studied in human monoblastoid cell lines.
      The cell line U-937 GTB was compared to the subline U-937 RES (adapted to growth
      in the presence of 10(-9) M TPA) and another subline U-937 RESREV (U-937 RES
      grown in TPA-free medium) established in order to analyze the stability of the
      TPA-induced differences. TPA induced half maximal inhibition of DNA synthesis in
      the wild-type U-937 GTB cell line at 10(-9) M, whereas 10 times higher
      concentrations of phorbol ester were needed for a corresponding inhibition of the
      U-937 RES and U-937 RESREV lines. Furthermore, the U-937 RES cells exhibited a
      decreased sensitivity to TPA, and the U-937 RESREV cells did not respond at all
      to this agent with regard to cytoplasmic alkalinization by an intracellular
      mechanism independent of Na+/H+ exchange. A Na+-dependent system for extrusion of
      protons, which was activated by the Ca2+ ionophore ionomycin, was also severely
      depressed as a result of TPA-adaptation. The concentration of PKC, measured by
      immunoblotting, was reduced by 34 and 24% in U-937 RES and U-937 RESREV cells,
      respectively, as compared to the wild-type U-937 GTB line. The corresponding
      reductions in PKC activity were 32 and 54% when histone III-S was used as
      substrate. The data suggest that adaptation to growth in the presence of TPA
      results in stable modifications of several parameters, which are assumed to be
      involved in the regulation of proliferation and differentiation. Furthermore, the
      data from the U-937 RESREV cells question a causal relationship between
      cytoplasmic alkalinization and control of proliferation.

PMID- 3403072
TI  - Effects of the thiazolidinedione derivative CGP 19984 on growth and endocrine
      function of the MtT-W10 transplantable mammosomatotropic pituitary tumor in
      female rats.
AB  - The thiazolidinedione derivative CGP 19984 has previously been shown to suppress
      the growth of hormone-dependent mammary and prostatic tumors, primarily by
      reducing gonadotropin and subsequently gonadal steroid secretion. The present
      study examines the effects of CGP 19984 on the growth and hormone secretion of
      the autonomous, but estrogen-responsive, MtT-W10 mammosomatotropic transplantable
      rat pituitary tumor. Intact tumor-bearing Wistar/Furth female rats were
      administered vehicle or 25, 100, or 250 mg/kg CGP 19984 p.o., 5 x week for 4
      weeks. CGP 19984 was found to significantly reduce MtT-W10 tumor growth and
      weight and reduce prolactin and growth hormone (GH) secretion in a dose
      responsive manner. A similar study in ovariectomized rats also showed that CGP
      19984 treatment suppressed MtT-W10 pituitary tumor growth, weight and hormone
      secretion in a dose-responsive manner, suggesting a direct inhibitory action of
      this drug on the tumor. In a third study, bromocryptine (CB-154; 5 mg/kg) and CGP
      19984 (50 mg/kg) were both found to be effective in suppressing growth of the MtT
      W10 tumor in intact female rats. However, rats treated with CGP 19984 alone had
      reduced serum and tumor GH and prolactin concentrations, while rats treated with
      CB-154 alone had reduced serum and tumor prolactin, but no change in GH
      concentrations. These results suggest that CGP 19984 effectively inhibits growth
      and hormone secretion of the autonomous MtT-W10 pituitary tumor by apparently
      suppressing both somatotropic and lactotropic cell populations within the tumor.
      Furthermore, these findings indicate that CGP 19984 may be an effective
      alternative to CB-154 in the clinical treatment of prolactin-producing adenomas,
      as well as other types of pituitary adenomas.

PMID- 3403073
TI  - Association of adriamycin-induced resistance to NK-mediated lysis with sialic
      acid level and immunological reactivity of transferrin receptors and glycophorin
      A.
AB  - Adriamycin (ADM) can increase sialic acid content in K 562 cells and reduce their
      susceptibility to NK-mediated lysis. In this report, hypothetical relationship
      between this resistance and augmentation in sialylation has been investigated.
      Variations in the time of exposure to ADM showed that 12 hours were sufficient to
      cause maximal recruitment of benzidine-positive cells, growth inhibition and
      resistance to NK-mediated lysis. On the contrary, the membrane sialic acid
      density seemed stable and 24 hours of drug exposure were necessary to observe a
      clear rise in sialic acid. Neuraminidase treatment of control and ADM-treated K
      562 cells was associated with an obvious enhancement in their susceptibility to
      NK-mediated lysis which can be explained by an increase in the target-effector
      binding ability as assessed by a direct conjugate-forming cell assay. However,
      the neuraminidase treatment did not modify the sensitivity difference to lysis
      between untreated and ADM-treated cells. As compared to control the reactivity of
      ADM-treated cells was higher with an antiglycophorin A (GPA) MAb and lower with
      an antitransferrin receptor (TFR) MAb. Kinetic studies suggested that GPA
      expression is a better index of ADM-induced resistance to NK-mediated lysis than
      TFR expression. In addition, neuraminidase treatment showed that TFR and GPA
      modulations induced by ADM can be correlated with sialylation alterations.

PMID- 3403074
TI  - Radionuclide evaluation of lung perfusion after the Fontan procedure.
AB  - Lung perfusion was evaluated in 19 patients in whom a Fontan operation had been
      performed at a mean age of 3.7 years. First pass and equilibrium data were
      acquired during the lung particle perfusion scan 0.5 to 7.9 years (mean 3.7
      years) following the Fontan procedure. Abnormalities of lung perfusion were
      documented in 8 patients. Minimal underperfusion of small areas of either right
      or left lung were noted in 4 patients, while the remaining 4 had evidence of
      major perfusion defects, involving both lungs. The perfusion defects were
      localized, in the majority of cases, on the side where a palliative procedure had
      been performed before the Fontan operation: it is of note that all our patients
      without palliative procedures did not show abnormalities in lung perfusion. Major
      abnormalities of lung perfusion seemed related to possible intimal thrombosis or
      emboli due to prolonged polycythemia or to pulmonary vessel distortion due to
      long-standing shunts.

PMID- 3403075
TI  - The inadequacy of existing theories on development of the proximal coronary
      arteries and their connexions with the arterial trunks.
AB  - Coronary arterial development was studied in complete microseries of 20 human
      embryos and microseries of the hearts from 18 rat embryos. We never observed more
      than two coronary arterial orifices; these always originated from the facing
      aortic sinuses. In the human embryos these coronary orifices were variably
      identified between 16-19 mm crown-rump length, but were invariably present above
      19 mm crown-rump length. In rat embryos, the orifices were variably identified at
      13-17 mm and invariably present above 17 mm crown-rump length. In both human and
      rat embryos the left coronary orifice was observed significantly earlier. In all
      the embryos septation at arterial orifice level was complete. At the stages in
      which identification of the coronary orifices was variable, the proximal
      epicardial segments of the left and right coronary arteries could usually already
      be identified, in human as well as in rat embryos. On the other hand, a coronary
      orifice was never seen in the absence of a proximal coronary artery. At all
      stages studied (in human embryos from 10 mm crown-rump length and in rat embryos
      from 11 mm crown-rump length) vascular structures could be identified in the
      epicardial covering of the heart. The present theories on proximal coronary
      artery development are inadequate to explain either these data or the known
      possible congenital abnormalities of the coronary arteries. Our study offers a
      detailed chronology of development of these proximal coronary arteries and mostly
      supports dual coronary arterial development. The process by which the coronary
      orifices are brought into contact with the main coronary arteries still remains
      to be explained.

PMID- 3403076
TI  - Anomalous origin of single coronary artery in association with pulmonary atresia.
AB  - We report a case of pulmonary atresia with intact septum associated with single
      coronary artery which originated from the pulmonary trunk. The combination of
      stenotic pulmonary trunk with presence of right ventricular to coronary artery
      fistulous connections probably impaired myocardial perfusion after birth.

PMID- 3403077
TI  - Concurrent balloon dilatation of tricuspid and calcific mitral valve in a patient
      of rheumatic heart disease.
AB  - Concurrent percutaneous balloon dilatation of the mitral and tricuspid valve was
      performed in a 21-year-old female with severe rheumatic calcific mitral stenosis
      and severe tricuspid stenosis. The mean gradient across the mitral valve
      decreased from 30 mm Hg to an immediate post-dilatation level of 14 mm Hg and the
      mitral valve area increased from 0.71 cm2/m2 to 1.2 cm2/m2. The mean gradient
      across the tricuspid valve decreased from 11.5 mm Hg to 5 mm Hg. Hemodynamic
      improvement was maintained at a repeat study performed eight days later.
      Palliative balloon dilatation of two valves, concurrently performed, thus saved
      the patient from an open heart procedure and a possible valve replacement.

PMID- 3403078
TI  - Intra-arterial ambulatory blood pressure monitoring can save your life--or, acute
      haemodynamic response to a murderous assault.
AB  - A patient undergoing intra-arterial blood pressure monitoring was attacked by a
      burglar armed with a knife. The knife was turned aside by the
      transducer/perfusion unit, which continued to monitor his heart rate and blood
      pressure throughout. A pronounced "fight or flight" response was recorded.

PMID- 3403079
TI  - Solitary arterial trunk with pulmonary atresia and arteries with supply to the
      left lung from both an arterial duct and systemic-pulmonary collateral arteries.
AB  - We report a case of pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect and absent
      pulmonary trunk. The sources of pulmonary blood supply were the arterial duct and
      systemic pulmonary collateral arteries. The left lung received blood from both
      sources which is very rare. One of the systemic pulmonary collateral arteries
      arose from the right coronary artery in an unusual fashion.

PMID- 3403080
TI  - A rare anomaly of the aortic arch complex.
AB  - A six-month-old girl presented with heart failure. Cardiac catheterisation showed
      a ventricular septal defect and an anomaly of the aortic arch complex, which is a
      challenge to embryologic theory.

PMID- 3403081
TI  - Inverse relationship of religious orthodoxy and myocardial infarct in Jerusalem:
      related to water immersion?

PMID- 3403082
TI  - Relationship between fluctuations in heart rate and asymptomatic nocturnal
      ischaemia.
AB  - In order to quantify autonomic changes related to asymptomatic nocturnal
      myocardial ischaemia, we analyzed heart rate fluctuations recorded during Holter
      monitoring in 9 subjects with coronary heart disease (21 episodes) and in 11 age
      matched controls. R-R interval spectral analysis was computed in sequences of 256
      heart beats, taken during the ischaemic episode, 4, 8 and 60 minutes before, and
      4 and 60 minutes after. Mean heart rate, R-R interval variability (assessed by R
      R interval standard deviation), low and high (respiration-linked) frequency
      components of R-R interval spectrum were evaluated. Mean heart rate and R-R
      interval variability increased only during ischaemia (from 62.9 to 73.3
      beats/minute, P less than 0.02, and from 39 to 88 msec, P less than 0.01,
      respectively). While high-frequency components of heart rate variability remained
      unchanged, low-frequency peak increased during ischaemia (from 9.4 to 43.3 sec2 X
      10(-3)/Hz, P less than 0.01) and also 8 minutes (P less than 0.05) and 4 minutes
      before (P less than 0.05). Despite a moderate increase of heart rate occurring
      only during ischaemia, the early rearrangement of heart rate fluctuations
      suggests the occurrence of changes of autonomic tone before the
      electrocardiographic onset of ischaemia. Due to its limited amount, this
      phenomenon appears to be a consequence, most likely unspecific, of factors
      responsible for the genesis of myocardial ischaemia.

PMID- 3403083
TI  - Reduced diastolic left ventricular posterior wall motion in patients with
      constrictive pericarditis--incidence, hemodynamic and clinical correlations.
AB  - In 24 patients with constrictive pericarditis proven by cardiac catheterization,
      the amplitude of diastolic left ventricular posterior wall motion was evaluated
      by M-mode echocardiography and compared to the results of 24 healthy volunteers.
      The amplitude was significantly less in constrictive pericarditis patients than
      in normal controls (0.3 +/- 0.2 mm versus 3.9 +/- 0.4 mm) (P less than 0.001). No
      constrictive pericarditis patient demonstrated a higher value than 2 mm whereas
      none of the healthy volunteers had an amplitude less than 3 mm. In 11 of 13
      constrictive pericarditis patients who underwent pericardiectomy, an increase in
      amplitude was observed. In 6 patients the amplitude returned to normal limits
      after surgery. No significant correlation between the degree of heart failure or
      the level of left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and the reduction of the
      amplitude was found. In addition, the amplitude of left ventricular diastolic
      posterior wall motion did not allow a clear separation between patients who could
      be treated medically and those requiring pericardiectomy.

PMID- 3403084
TI  - Predictors of non-fatal ischemic events after myocardial infarction.
AB  - We characterize predictors of reinfarction and angina in 403 consecutive men aged
      60 years or less who underwent heart catheterization within one month (18 +/- 6
      days) after a qualifying myocardial infarction. Angiography showed obstructive
      lesions (greater than or equal to 50% diameter reduction) in 380 patients. One-,
      two- and three-vessel disease was found in 143 (36%), 139 (35%) and 98 (29%)
      patients, respectively. After 57 months of follow-up there were 60 deaths (12%),
      41 patients (10%) sustained a new infarction and 210 (52%) had angina. Cox
      regression analysis selected the number of diseased vessels as the only
      independent 'predictor of reinfarction; independent predictors of angina were the
      number of diseased vessels and a history of angina prior to the qualifying
      infarction. Risk stratification showed the probability of reinfarction at 6 years
      to be significantly lower (P less than 0.001) in patients with one-vessel disease
      (12%) than in those with two- (30%) and three-vessel disease (37%). Similarly the
      probability of angina was also lower (P less than 0.001) in patients with one
      vessel disease (51%) as compared to those with two- (72%) and three-(74%) vessel
      involvement. Thus multi-vessel disease is the main predictor of new non-fatal
      ischemic events after myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3403085
TI  - Morphology of sections through the fetal heart.
AB  - Two human embryos, of 28 and 29 mm crown-rump length, were studied. One had been
      serially sectioned in the transverse plane, the other in the sagittal plane. With
      the help of a graphic reconstruction method two new sets of sectioning planes
      were constructed. One set started from the transverse plane, which was gradually
      angulated towards the frontal plane. The other set started from the sagittal
      plane, which, too, was angulated towards the frontal plane. These procedures were
      carried out at various levels in both cases. We produced a continuous series of
      sectioning planes of the young fetal heart, which together give a clear
      representation of spatial morphology. We believe that these images can be of help
      in the interpretation of fetal echocardiograms. The morphology of these young
      fetuses differs considerably from older stages in that the atrioventricular
      septum is not yet present. Full development of the tricuspid valve and the mitral
      valve can only later lead to the different septal attachments of the two valves.

PMID- 3403086
TI  - Who is suitable for percutaneous balloon mitral valvotomy?

PMID- 3403087
TI  - Detection of drugs in patients with overdose: comparison between skin surface air
      sampling and thin layer chromatography.
AB  - We compared the efficacy of skin surface air sampling with thin layer
      chromatography (TLC) in detecting drugs in patients admitted to hospital with a
      history of drug overdose. The methodology utilizes air samples in contact with
      skin surfaces and ion-mobility spectrometry. Fifty patients consented to skin
      surface air sampling and provided urine samples. Of the 51 drugs identified in 43
      patients, air sampling detected just over 50% of the drugs, TLC identified about
      90%. The rate of identification was greater in patients ingesting uncoated
      tablets. Skin surface air sampling is a useful initial screening method for drugs
      especially when they are ingested in tablet or powder form. The methodology is
      rapid, noninvasive and can screen for multiple drugs.

PMID- 3403088
TI  - Comparison of the effects of metoclopramide on sympathetic and muscarinic
      responses after pretreatment with atropine and pirenzepine.
AB  - Metoclopramide (0.15 mg/kg i.v.) was administered to seven healthy volunteers
      after pretreatment with either atropine, pirenzepine or saline. With the i.v.
      doses of atropine (0.020 mg/kg) and pirenzepine (0.20 mg/kg) used in the study,
      antimuscarinic activities in serum were comparable for the most part of the
      study. Atropine induced a pronounced rise in heart rate and a hypotensive blood
      pressure response in the orthostatic test, whereas heart rate was significantly
      lower after pretreatment with pirenzepine than after saline, without any
      significant effects on systolic blood pressure. Plasma noradrenaline but not
      plasma adrenaline response to upright posture was increased after metoclopramide
      following saline but it was reduced following pirenzepine pretreatment, atropine
      having no significant effect on plasma noradrenaline response in the orthostatic
      test. Saliva secretion was lower after atropine than after pirenzepine or saline.
      Pirenzepine seems to diverge from classical anticholinergic drugs, and it reduces
      the metoclopramide-induced increase in sympathetic responsivity under conditions
      where cardiac function is not appreciably affected.

PMID- 3403089
TI  - Aztreonam in the treatment of serious gram-negative infections in the elderly.
AB  - The efficacy and safety of aztreonam in the treatment of serious gam-negative
      infections were investigated in 20 patients, 19 of whom were more than 60 years
      old. There were 13 cases of upper urinary tract infection, 6 of septicemia and
      one of peritonitis. Half the patients were in a critical clinical condition with
      significant severe underlying disease. Aztreonam was given i.v. or i.m. in doses
      ranging from 1.5 to 4 g/day according to the severity of the infection. The
      duration of treatment ranged from 7 to 20 days. In 5 patients with mixed
      infections due to gram-positive and anaerobic organisms in addition to gram
      negative pathogens, aztreonam was given in combination with clindamycin and
      metronidazole as appropriate. Clinical and bacteriological cures were observed in
      all 20 patients. There were two cases of reinfection and 3 of superinfection--all
      occurred in patients with severe underlying disease. Untoward effects were few
      and of minor severity. Creatinine clearance remained stable or improved during
      aztreonam treatment, even in patients with significant renal impairment. In
      conclusion, aztreonam was shown to be both effective and safe in the treatment of
      serious gram-negative infections in elderly patients--even those with impaired
      renal function. In such indications aztreonam appears to be a good alternative to
      potentially toxic drugs such as the aminoglycosides.

PMID- 3403090
TI  - Drug usage in chest diseases.
AB  - A survey of prescribing trends was carried out on 70 admitted patients and 210
      outpatients presenting themselves for treatment at the chest disease unit of the
      Nehru Hospital attached to the Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and
      Research. Drug usage was found to be very rational and scientific, other findings
      are discussed.

PMID- 3403092
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of pengitoxin and its therapeutic efficacy in congestive heart
      failure.
AB  - In a therapeutic study, 120 inpatients suffering from congestive heart failure
      were treated with a daily maintenance dose of 0.3 mg pengitoxin (penta-acetyl
      gitoxin) over several weeks or months. The plasma level and the glycoside
      concentration in urine were measured by radioimmunoassay. The therapeutic effects
      were evaluated considering clinical signs and criteria following the functional
      capacity according to the New York Heart Association (NYHA). In 27 patients both
      plasma and urine concentration were measured during 2 weeks after the beginning
      of the pengitoxin therapy. On the 3rd day of the pengitoxin dosage schedule, a
      mean plasma level of 18.1 ng.ml-1 (SD 5.1 ng.ml-1) was measured. During this day
      26.6% of the daily administered glycoside dose was excreted in urine. In 26 of
      the 120 patients the mean steady state plasma level was between 7.6 and 22.5
      ng.ml-1. A maximum of frequency was found in the 17.6 to 22.5 ng-subclass. In 118
      patients the mean urinary excretion of 16-acetyl-gitoxin reached 24.7% (SD 11.8%)
      of the administered dose. The creatinine clearance and the 16-acetyl-gitoxin
      plasma level did not correlate, while between the renal clearance values of
      creatinine and the glycoside a correlation was found, however, it was of no
      significance for dosage schedules in patients with impaired renal function. After
      treatment, the NYHA classes III and II were reached in 57 patients; in 3 patients
      suffering from renal diseases, the NYHA class I remained unchanged. In 90
      patients the clinical signs improved and in 27 patients the clinical situation
      remained unchanged.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3403091
TI  - Effects of ifenprodil tartrate on vertebral, basilar and internal carotid
      arteries.
AB  - Changes in blood flow of vertebral and internal carotid arteries of rats after
      the administration of ifenprodil tartrate were measured using the transit-time
      ultrasonic volume flowmeter. Tension of isolated canine basilar and internal
      carotid arteries was also tested isometrically. Ifenprodil tartrate produced a
      sustained increase in both vertebral and internal carotid arterial blood flow of
      rat. The increase in blood flow was greater in vertebral than in internal carotid
      arteries. Papaverine hydrochloride transiently increased arterial blood flow in
      both the vertebral and internal carotid arteries to approximately the same
      extent. Ifenprodil tartrate induced dose-related relaxation in basilar and in
      internal carotid arteries contracted with K+ (50 mM), and its effects were
      greater in basilar than in internal carotid arteries, while relaxation induced by
      papaverine hydrochloride was about the same in both arteries. These results
      suggest that the significant increase of vertebral arterial blood flow induced by
      ifenprodil tartrate is due to the peculiarity of vascular myorelaxation by this
      drug.

PMID- 3403093
TI  - High biliary elimination of ceftriaxone in man.
AB  - Biliary elimination of ceftriaxone was studied in man using chromatography
      (HPLC). After a single i.v. administration of 2 g of ceftriaxone to 6 normal
      subjects, a peak concentration of 565 +/- s.e.m. 347 micrograms/ml was reached
      during the 1st h in the collected duodenal fluid, and 1.4 +/- 0.5% of the given
      dose was recovered within 4 h. In 10 cholecystectomized patients provided with a
      T-drain, a maximal biliary concentration of 1,078 +/- 158 micrograms/ml was
      measured during the 2nd h after i.v. injection of 2 g of ceftriaxone and the 24-h
      recovery was 9.5 +/- 2.9%. Intraoperative samples obtained in 12 patients
      undergoing cholecystectomy 1 h after i.v. administration of 2 g of the
      antibiotic, gave the following results: serum concentration 199 +/- 10
      micrograms/ml, choledochal bile = 5,259 +/- 1,085 micrograms/ml, gallbladder bile
      4,533 +/- 809 micrograms/ml. These data indicate an excellent biliary elimination
      of ceftriaxone in comparison with other beta-lactams previously studied under the
      same conditions and point to be a promising therapeutic potential in biliary
      tract infections.

PMID- 3403094
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of cloprednol in healthy volunteers.
AB  - Kinetic data for the synthetic corticoid cloprednol were determined in 8 healthy
      male volunteers after single oral doses (20 mg). Maximal plasma levels (Cmax) of
      426 +/- 116 ng/ml occurred within 101 +/- 44 min after oral intake. Cloprednol
      plasma levels declined monoexponentially after oral administration. Total
      apparent plasma clearance was 4.07 +/- 0.72 ml/min/kg and apparent clearance of
      unbound cloprednol was 9.75 +/- 0.8 ml/min/kg. Plasma protein binding was 74 to
      94%. Volume of distribution at steady-state was 0.81 +/- 0.14 l/kg for total
      cloprednol and 1.99 +/- 0.33 l/kg for unbound drug. The results presented in this
      study characterize the kinetics of total and unbound cloprednol for the first
      time.

PMID- 3403096
TI  - The pharmacokinetic profile of naproxen suppository in man.
AB  - After a rectal dose of 500 mg in a suppository, naproxen is 6-O-demethylated
      (20%) and glucuronidated (40%), the metabolites are subsequently excreted
      renally. The elimination half-life is 15.2 +/- 2.6 h. Ten out of 22 subjects show
      biphasic elimination kinetics with half-lives of 7 and 15 h, respectively. There
      is a wide range in the percentage of the dose that is glucuronidated and
      demethylated (20-70%). This variation does not deviate from a normal
      distribution.

PMID- 3403095
TI  - Clinical evaluation of the cardiac toxicity of 4'-deoxy-doxorubicin.
AB  - 4'-deoxy-doxorubicin, a new doxorubicin analog, was tested in 65 phase II
      patients with advanced malignancies. Cardiac toxicity evaluation was performed by
      means of electrocardiography (ECG), left ventricular systolic time intervals,
      echocardiography and radionuclide left ventricular ejection fraction. ECG
      abnormalities were observed in a lower percentage of patients (23%) compared to
      that described for doxorubicin and other anthracycline analogs such as 4'-epi
      doxorubicin and 4-demethoxy-daunorubicin. Other functional parameters serially
      measured to evaluate chronic cardiotoxicity in 23 patients, who received more
      than 200 mg/m2 were not significantly different from mean pretreatment values. No
      patient developed congestive heart failure but some of them exhibited a fall of
      left ventricular function parameters more than 15% from pretreatment values.
      These data suggest that this new analogue is probably less cardiotoxic than the
      parent compound doxorubicin but not completely devoid of cardiotoxicity.

PMID- 3403098
TI  - A study of the levels of tobramycin and gentamicin in human serum and renal
      cortex and of changes in in vitro bacterial sensitivity.
AB  - Concentration of gentamicin and tobramycin in sera and renal tissue was
      determined. Though between the 2nd and 6th day of the treatment, gentamicin
      cumulated in the renal tissue, but it did not reach toxic value. Tobramycin did
      not show cumulation tendency. According to in vitro bacterium sensitivity
      studies, the wide scale use of tobramycin in the clinical practice caused the
      sudden increase of resistance. To avoid this, the rules of antibiotic treatment
      should be observed.

PMID- 3403097
TI  - Are we treating enough patients for hypertension?
AB  - International comparisons indicate a two- to three-fold overall difference in the
      therapeutic intensity with antihypertensive drugs. In the District of Novi Sad in
      Yugoslavia, the use of antihypertensive drugs is among the lowest. The
      differences cannot be explained from the prevalence of hypertension. The
      evaluation of the existing practice in the treatment of hypertension was studied
      in a community of 6017 inhabitants with 756 hypertensive patients within the
      District of Novi Sad. The intensity of antihypertensive medication expressed in
      defined daily doses per 1000 inhabitants per day was compared with the number of
      hypertensive patients requiring drug therapy. Patients requiring therapy were
      classified into two groups: those having blood pressure above the age adjusted
      border levels and those who received at least the minimum daily therapeutic dose
      of antihypertensive medication. It is concluded that the volume of prescribed
      antihypertensive drugs, although lower compared to Nordic countries, might still
      be almost sufficient to meet the needs of patients who need drug therapy
      according to the criteria defined (if borderline hypertension is not treated).

PMID- 3403099
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of aspirin and chloramphenicol in normal and leprotic patients
      before and after dapsone therapy.
AB  - Pharmacokinetics of aspirin and chloramphenicol was studied in 16 normal and 16
      patients suffering from leprosy. A significant increase (p less than 0.05) in the
      elimination half-life of chloramphenicol was observed before and after dapsone
      treatment in leprotic patients as compared with the normal volunteers, while no
      significant difference was observed in any of the pharmacokinetic parameters with
      aspirin.

PMID- 3403100
TI  - Comparative pharmacokinetic analysis of novel sustained-release dosage forms of
      pentoxifylline in healthy subjects.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of pentoxifylline, from a new
      sustained-release formulation (Oxopurin) and from a standard sustained-release
      formulation (Trental-400), were compared in 8 healthy adult male volunteers.
      After a single oral dose of 400 mg Oxopurin, a mean maximal plasma concentration
      (Cmax) of 164 +/- 62 micrograms/l was obtained after 2.2 h (tmax). After an
      identical dose of Trental-400, a peak plasma concentration of 123 +/- 33
      micrograms/l was obtained after 2.4 h. Plasma levels of pentoxifylline were
      determined by a new HPLC assay which was developed as part of this study and
      makes possible monitoring plasma levels of pentoxifylline for 14 h after a single
      dose. The mean relative bioavailability of pentoxifylline from Oxopurin was 1.30
      +/- 0.19 relative to that of Trental-400. As the rate and the extent of
      absorption of pentoxifylline was not significantly different after the
      administration of the two investigated formulations, it can be concluded that
      Oxopurin is bioequivalent to Trental-400.

PMID- 3403101
TI  - Evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy of L-carnitine in congestive heart
      failure.
AB  - To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of L-carnitine in elderly subjects suffering
      from heart failure, secondary to ischemic and/or hypertensive heart disease, 38
      patients (22 men, 16 women) were studied, aged from 65 to 82 years. In addition
      to traditional therapy (digitalis, diuretics, antiarrhythmic agents) given in all
      cases, 21 patients received oral L-carnitine on the basis of a randomized
      protocol in 1-g doses twice daily for 45 days (the other 17 received placebo). In
      the group treated with L-carnitine, a distinct improvement was observed in both
      subjective and objective conditions; reduced heart rate, edema and dyspnea,
      increased diuresis and a marked reduction in daily digitalis consumption. L
      carnitine treatment also induced a significant reduction in serum cholesterol and
      triglyceride levels. No adverse reactions attributable to L-carnitine
      administration were observed in any of the patients.

PMID- 3403102
TI  - Bicycle ergometer and echocardiographic study in healthy subjects and patients
      with angina pectoris after administration of L-carnitine: semiautomatic
      computerized analysis of M-mode tracing.
AB  - The discovery tha carnitine takes an active part in the transportation of long
      chain acyl residues across the inner mitochondrial membrane dates back to 1958.
      It has been shown experimentally tha a reduction in myocardial carnitine content
      takes place after 15-30 min of ischemia. L-carnitine was administered orally in
      doses of 3 g/day for 30 days to 16 subjects with effort-induced angina and to 14
      healthy subjects. A bicycle ergometer exercise test revealed a 1.5 mm (mean)
      depression of the ST-T segment in the angina subjects after pharmacological wash
      out and a 1 mm depression in the same subjects after carnitine treatment. M-code
      echocardiography showed positive changes in a number of ventricular function
      parameters in the angina subjects and also, to a lesser extent, in the healthy
      controls.

PMID- 3403103
TI  - Stereospecific disposition of flunoxaprofen enantiomers in human beings.
AB  - The absorption and disposition kinetics of the enantiomers of the nonsteroidal
      antiinflammatory drug flunoxaprofen were studied in six healthy volunteers after
      oral administration of either R,S(+/-)-flunoxaprofen or R(-)-flunoxaprofen. The
      apparent values of the volume of distribution and systemic clearance of the S(+)
      enantiomer were significantly lower than those of the R(-)-enantiomer. There was
      no significant difference in the absorption and elimination half-lives between
      the two isomers. The S(+)- to R(-)-isomer plasma concentration ratio increased
      with time with an apparent inversion half-time of about 50 h. This observation
      suggests metabolic inversion of R(-)- to S(+)-enantiomer, although the
      possibilities of stereoselective bioavailability or interaction between the two
      isomers can not be excluded.

PMID- 3403104
TI  - Comparative absorption kinetics of imidazole and salicylic acid in volunteers
      after administration of ITF 182 tablets and suppositories.
AB  - Comparative absorption kinetics in volunteers of a new antiinflammatory drug
      (Selezen), in the form of 750 mg tablets and suppositories, were studied. The two
      components of the drug, imidazole and salicylic acid were found in plasma.
      Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated according to a first order absorption.
      Salicylic acid showed a maximum concentration 59.2 +/- 5 min and 75.4 +/- 7.6 min
      after the administration of the tablet and suppository respectively; and
      imidazole after 86.3 +/- 10.8 min and 75.2 +/- 5.4 min, respectively.

PMID- 3403105
TI  - Pharmacokinetic study on piroxicam at the steady-state in elderly subjects and
      younger adults after administration of piroxicam beta-cyclodextrin.
AB  - The age effect on the kinetics of piroxicam at the steady-state after oral
      administration of piroxicam beta-cyclodextrin was evaluated. The mean plasma
      concentration of piroxicam at the steady-state was significantly higher in
      elderly subjects (9.30 +/- 0.69 micrograms/ml mean +/- s.e.) than in younger
      adults (6.24 +/- 0.58 micrograms/ml mean +/- s.e.). Even though the distribution
      volume tended to be lower in elderly subjects (106.37 ml/kg), it did not show
      substantial differences in the two groups whereas the correlation between
      clearance and age was significant (p less than 0.05). It is therefore confirmed
      that piroxicam beta-cyclodextrin has the same pharmacokinetic behaviour at the
      steady-state in elderly subjects, as the active principle in a non-complexed
      form.

PMID- 3403106
TI  - Effects of short-term administration of cytidine, uridine and levoglutamine,
      alone or in combination, on the cerebral electrical activity of patients with
      chronic cerebrovascular disease.
AB  - Various data in the literature confirm that spectral analysis by an
      electroencephalograph (EEG) allows the evaluation and quantification of the
      modifications of cerebral electrical activity due to pathological events or to
      drugs acting on the central nervous system. Thirty patients with chronic
      cerebrovascular disease, selected according to the criteria established by the
      1980 Paris Ad Hoc Committee were submitted to EEG analysis in basal conditions
      and after intravenous short-term administration of various doses of cytidine,
      uridine and levoglutamine given either alone or in combination. The combined
      administration of the three substances led to a general improvement of cerebral
      electrical parameters with a trend toward more physiological patterns.

PMID- 3403107
TI  - Dose linearity and relative bioavailability testing of oxilofrine, a
      sympathicomimetic drug, in healthy volunteers.
AB  - Single oral doses of 16, 32 and 64 mg oxilofrine as dragees as well as 16mg as
      drops were given to 12 healthy male volunteers in an open Latin-square design
      with one week interval between dosing days. Concentrations of unchanged drug were
      monitored in plasma over 24 hours, in urine concentrations of free and total
      oxilofrine were monitored over 36 hours. Drug concentrations were measured by a
      specific high pressure liquid chromatography method with electrochemical
      detection. Medians of maximum plasma concentrations (Cmax) of oxilofrine were 9.1
      ng/ml, 11.4 ng/ml, 31.4 ng/ml and 122.9 ng/ml for 16 mg drops, 16, 32, and 64 mg
      dragees, respectively. The times to maximum plasma concentration (tmax) were
      between 0.7 and 1.7 h, respectively. The values for areas under the plasma
      concentration-time curve (AUC0-24) were 12.8, 17.7, 61.0 and 268.2 ng/ml.h for
      the four treatments. The results show that both Cmax- and AUC0-24-values increase
      faster with increasing dosing than a linear first-pass would suggest and give
      evidence for a saturable first-pass metabolism. There is also evidence for an
      enterohepatic circulation. About 50% of the administered dose is found in the
      urine, urinary recovery shows a dose-linear dependency. General tolerability was
      good; no side-effects were reported.

PMID- 3403108
TI  - Short- and long-term treatment with rosaprostol of patients with gastritis.
AB  - Therapy with rosaprostol was applied in 25 patients with gastritis, namely 11
      cases for about 30 days and 14 for 60 days, without further gastro-protective
      treatments. The drug induced an early complete disappearance of subjective and
      objective symptoms, already at the end of the first ten days of treatment,
      whereas the endoscopic and the histological findings revealed a highly
      significant improvement at the end of the treatment, with normalization in nearly
      all the cases. The drug was well tolerated, and did not induce diarrhoea nor
      change haemodynamic parameters. These highly significant results emphasize the
      efficacy and safety of the drug.

PMID- 3403109
TI  - Noninvolvement of gastric mucus in the mucolytic effect of stepronine lysine
      salt.
AB  - The possible influence of stepronine lysine salt, a mucolytic agent, on human
      gastric mucus was investigated in ten healthy volunteers. Stepronine was
      administered by the oral route for ten days at a dose of 810 mg daily. Neither
      the total amount of mucoproteins in the gastric juice nor the quality of gastric
      mucus secretion (as assessed by a 'mucoprotective index') were altered after
      treatment with the bronchial secretolytic. The results indicate that the
      mucolytic activity of stepronine does not involve the gastric mucous coating and
      that the drug does not exert adverse effects on the gastric mucosa.

PMID- 3403110
TI  - Group psychotherapy or individual psychotherapy: patient characteristics as
      predictive factors.

PMID- 3403111
TI  - The use of genograms in a group for latency age children.

PMID- 3403112
TI  - Effects of therapist termination on group process.

PMID- 3403113
TI  - Charisma in group therapy with recovering substance abusers.

PMID- 3403114
TI  - Querulent paranoia and the vexatious complainant.

PMID- 3403115
TI  - "Treatment" or "sentence" for child molestors: a comparison of Australian
      offenders with a general prison population.

PMID- 3403116
TI  - Mental patients' rights: an empirical study of variation across the United
      States.

PMID- 3403118
TI  - Treatment opportunities in a maximum security psychiatric hospital: a problem
      survey.

PMID- 3403117
TI  - Hypernomia and self-destructiveness in penal settings.

PMID- 3403119
TI  - Judged value of medical versus psychological expert witnesses.

PMID- 3403120
TI  - Misleading statistics: errors in textbooks, software and manuals.

PMID- 3403121
TI  - Endometrial cancer and combined oral contraceptives. The Who Collaborative Study
      of Neoplasia and Steroid Contraceptives.
AB  - This is a report on the relationship of combined oral contraceptives to risk of
      endometrial cancer from a multinational hospital-based case-control study of
      various steroid contraceptives and five different cancers. Based on data on 130
      cases and 835 matched controls from nine participating centres in seven
      developing countries and two participating centres in two developed countries,
      the relative risk of endometrial carcinoma in women who ever took combined oral
      contraceptives was estimated to be 0.55. This value is similar to estimates from
      prior investigations in the US and Italy, and the protective effect observed in
      this study was at least as great in the developing countries with low incidence
      rates as in the developed countries with higher rates. The reduction in risk was
      observed for adenocarcinomas with and without squamous elements.

PMID- 3403122
TI  - Cervical cancer mortality in the Netherlands.
AB  - In this study cervical cancer mortality figures for the period 1936-1985 were
      evaluated. Trends in age-specific rates were analysed by separating the
      variations attributable to age at death, period of birth and period of death.
      Cervical cancer mortality has been decreasing since 1960 and this decline has
      become more rapid since about 1975. Organized screening, which began in 1976
      could be responsible for the acceleration in the decline, but since the decline
      was already evident before screening was started, other factors must play a role.
      It seemed likely that a fall in incidence or an improvement in early diagnosis
      were responsible for the decline. Cohort analysis showed an increased risk for
      younger age groups but since the observations were derived from few five-year age
      specific mortality rates no firm conclusions about future trends can be made.

PMID- 3403123
TI  - Serum vitamin E level and risk of female cancers.
AB  - A sample of 15,093 women, aged 15-99 and initially free from cancer, participated
      in the Finnish Social Insurance Institution's Mobile Clinic Health Survey in 1968
      71. A record linkage to the Cancer Registry revealed that during a mean follow-up
      of eight years cancer was diagnosed in 313 women. Serum alpha-tocopherol levels
      were measured from stored samples (at -20 C) of the cancer patients and of 578
      controls, matched for municipality and age. An inverse relation was observed
      between alpha-tocopherol level and risk of cancer, even if the cancers in the
      first two years of follow-up were excluded. Women in the lowest quintile for
      alpha-tocopherol levels compared to those with higher values had a 1.6-fold (95%
      confidence interval: 1.1-2.5) risk of cancer as adjusted for possible confounding
      effects of several other factors. A low level of alpha-tocopherol in general
      strongly predicted epithelial cancers while it carried an only slightly elevated
      risk of cancers in reproductive organs exposed to oestrogens. The results suggest
      that a low vitamin E intake is a risk factor for cancer in many, but not all,
      organs. The expression of its protective effect may depend on the primary causes,
      which vary between different cancers.

PMID- 3403124
TI  - Epidemiological characteristics of adenocarcinoma of the gastric cardia and
      distal stomach in the United States, 1973-1982.
AB  - Data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) programme of the
      National Cancer Institute were utilized to estimate the incidence of
      adenocarcinoma of the gastric cardia and distal stomach in the US in order to
      determine whether the epidemiological features of these diseases differ. Based
      upon 12,562 histologically confirmed cases identified, the annual incidence of
      gastric cardia adenocarcinoma was 1.1 per 100,000 people and for the distal
      stomach 3.8 per 100,000. The male-to-female ratio for adenocarcinoma arising in
      the cardia was 7.0, versus 2.2 for that arising in the distal stomach. The sex
      ratio shifted across age groups for the gastric cardia and was highest for the 50
      59 year age group, but remained relatively stable across age groups for cancers
      of the distal stomach. Over the decade studied, the sex ratio decreased from 8.0
      to 4.6 for gastric cardia tumours, but remained constant for adenocarcinoma of
      the distal stomach. Blacks were 2.5 times more likely to develop adenocarcinoma
      of the distal stomach than whites, but had a 50% lower risk of gastric cardia
      tumours than whites. These results support an emerging concept that
      adenocarcinoma of the gastric cardia, gastro-oesophageal junction and distal
      oesophagus may comprise a group of disease which is aetiologically distinct from
      distal gastric tumours.

PMID- 3403125
TI  - Men who do not drink: a report from the British Regional Heart Study.
AB  - Men who do not drink are frequently used as a baseline against which the effects
      of alcohol consumption are measured. The characteristics of such men have been
      examined in a large-scale prospective study of cardiovascular disease involving
      7735 middle-aged men drawn from general practices in 24 British towns. Non
      drinkers include lifelong teetotallers and ex-drinkers, both long-term and
      recent. Long-term ex-drinkers have many characteristics likely to increase their
      morbidity and mortality; recent ex-drinkers have similar characteristics but to a
      less marked degree. Ex-drinkers are older than the other groups and include an
      increased proportion of unmarried men and men in manual occupations. They have
      the same high percentage of current cigarette smokers as moderate/heavy drinkers
      and a prevalence of hypertension and obesity similar to moderate/heavy drinkers
      and higher than lifelong teetotallers or occasional/light drinkers. Ex-drinkers
      have the highest percentage of men with multiple doctor-diagnosed disorders. In
      particular, they have the highest prevalence rates of angina and possible
      myocardial infarction on standardized questionnaire, of myocardial infarction on
      electrocardiogram and of recall of a doctor-diagnosis of ischaemic heart disease.
      They also have high prevalence rates of recall of high blood pressure, peptic
      ulcer, diabetes, gall bladder disease and bronchitis. They have the highest rates
      for regular medical treatment and the highest proportion of men who consider
      their health to be poor. It is abundantly clear that the general category of non
      drinkers, which includes a large proportion of ex-drinkers, should not be used as
      a baseline against which to measure the effects of alcohol consumption. Overall,
      it would appear that the occasional/light drinking category (less than 15
      drinks/week) provides a large and satisfactory baseline group for comparative
      purposes in the study of cardiovascular and other organic disorders.

PMID- 3403126
TI  - Major risk factors for cardiovascular disease mortality in adults: results from
      the Nutrition Canada Survey cohort.
AB  - The cardiovascular mortality experience of over 7000 Canadians ages 35-79 years
      free of self-reported heart disease or stroke who participated in the Nutrition
      Canada survey is presented. The effects of various risk factors on cardiovascular
      disease mortality were assessed using multivariate Poisson regression analyses.
      Factors associated with a significantly increased risk of dying included
      cigarette smoking, hypertension, diabetes and, for women, serum cholesterol.
      Relative risks were similar for those ages 35-64 years compared to those 65-79
      years for diabetes but were higher among those 35-64 years for cigarette smoking,
      diastolic hypertension, obesity and serum cholesterol (females only). Individuals
      drinking three or more drinks daily had a relative risk of 3.18 for stroke.
      Population attributable risks for smoking, hypertension, elevated serum
      cholesterol and diabetes, respectively, were 47%, 21%, 7% and 8% for men and 10%,
      21% 18% and 16% for women.

PMID- 3403127
TI  - An analysis of the seasonal variation of coronary heart disease and respiratory
      disease mortality in New Zealand.
AB  - The seasonal variation of coronary heart disease mortality rates in New Zealand
      is analysed by age, sex and race using monthly national mortality data for the
      period 1970-83. A 35% variation from the winter peak to summer low is found in
      the crude mortality rate, but the size of the seasonal variation is age
      dependent, being more pronounced in the elderly, and more so in males than in
      females. The hypothesis that respiratory infections are linked to coronary heart
      disease, and that their seasonal occurrence explains the seasonal variation in
      coronary rates, is examined by an analysis of the association between coronary
      disease and respiratory disease mortality rates. By partial correlation analysis
      and by examining the residual correlation after filtering the seasonal variation
      from both series, it is suggested that the season acts as a confounding factor to
      cause an apparent association between the two rates. After controlling for season
      there is a tenuous relationship, but it is apparent only in the elderly.

PMID- 3403128
TI  - Smoking and mortality: a 21-year follow-up based on the Swedish Twin Registry.
AB  - Data on smoking and mortality from the Swedish Twin Registry were analysed as a
      prospective cohort study and as a co-twin control study. The twin method involves
      control of genetic and early environmental factors and thereby a general control
      of the nested factors that may act as confounders, adjustments not obtainable in
      ordinary study designs. In the cohort analyses the following relative risks for
      cigarette smokers were found for men and women, respectively: death all causes
      1.4 (90% Cl 1.3; 1.5), 1.4 (1.3; 1.5), CHD death 1.4 (1.3; 1.7), 1.6 (1.3; 2.0),
      lung cancer 19.7 (9.1; 42.7), 5.1 (3.0; 8.7), and other cancers 1.2 (1.0; 1.4),
      1.2 (1.0-1.4). The comparison of deaths in cigarette-smoking twins and their non
      smoking co-twins gave the following risk estimates for monozygotic (MZ) men:
      death all causes 1.6 (35 versus 22 first deaths), CHD death 2.8 (11 versus 4).
      The results for dizygotic (DZ) males and for females were in agreement. Four lung
      cancer deaths occurred in MZ and 17 in DZ smoker twins while the non-smoker co
      twins showed two such cases (DZ women). Other cancer deaths did not occur more
      often in the smoker than in the non-smoker twin. The impact of smoking on
      mortality, CHD death and lung cancer is also valid among smoking discordant
      twins.

PMID- 3403129
TI  - Education, smoking and non-cardiovascular mortality: findings in three Chicago
      epidemiological studies.
AB  - The interrelationships among education, smoking, and non-cardiovascular (non-CVD)
      mortality were examined in middle-aged white males from the Chicago Peoples Gas
      Company Study (PG), the Chicago Western Electric Company Study (WE), and the
      Chicago Heart Association Detection Project in Industry (CHA). In each study,
      college graduates had the lowest prevalence of current smokers and the highest
      prevalence of former smokers. The associations between education and smoking were
      strongest in CHA, a study with baseline measurements 10-14 years after those of
      PG and WE and 3-8 years after the US Surgeon General's report on smoking and
      health in 1964. In PG and WE, the relative risks of non-CVD death for those who
      did not attend college compared to those who did were 1.50 and 1.38 (95% limits,
      1.04 to 2.18 and 0.95 to 2.02). In CHA, the relative risk for those who did not
      graduate from college compared to those who did was 1.55 (1.17, 2.05).
      Differences in baseline cigarette smoking could account for only 23-29% of these
      increased risks. Because the associations between education and non-CVD mortality
      may have been confounded by changes in smoking status over the course of follow
      up in these studies, non-CVD deaths were subdivided into those from causes
      related to smoking and causes not related to smoking. For smoking-related causes,
      the relative risk of death for those who did not attend/graduate from college was
      1.95 (0.96, 3.95) in WE, 2.13 (1.18, 3.87) in PG, and 2.34 (1.47, 3.84) in CHA,
      while the relative risks for causes not related to smoking were 1.17, 1.12 and
      1.16, respectively. These findings suggest that education is related inversely to
      non-CVD mortality primarily through smoking and smoking-related causes of death.
      With smoking becoming increasingly a habit of the less well-educated, these
      findings underscore the need for smoking prevention and cessation programmes
      targeted at the lower end of the socioeconomic scale.

PMID- 3403130
TI  - Chang-Ning epidemiological study of children's health: I: Passive smoking and
      children's respiratory diseases.
AB  - The effects of household exposure to cigarette smoke on hospitalization and
      incidence of respiratory illness were examined among 2227 children at Chang-Ning
      District, Shanghai Municipality, People's Republic of China. The passive smoking
      quantity was estimated by total daily cigarette consumption of family members and
      number of cigarettes smoked in the home. No mothers who smoked were found. A
      significant dose-response relationship of passive smoking to hospitalization for
      respiratory illness during the children's first 18 months of life was found, for
      which no confounding factors were discovered. The incidence density ratio of
      hospitalization for respiratory illness was 2.1 for children living in families
      including people who smoked 20 or more cigarettes a day compared with those
      living in non-smoking families. The children appeared to be more vulnerable in
      the first six months of life than in the 7-18 month period, and those with lower
      birth weight and the artificially fed were more susceptible. The cumulative
      incidence of bronchitis or pneumonia increased significantly with increasing
      cigarette smoking of family members, which persisted when sex, birthweight,
      nursery care, father's education, coal for cooking, and adult cases with chronic
      respiratory disease were taken into account. Family smoking status was not found
      to be significantly associated with the incidence of asthma, whooping cough,
      sinusitis and measles.

PMID- 3403131
TI  - Trends in US suicide mortality rates 1968 to 1982: race and sex differences in
      age, period and cohort components.
AB  - Interest has recently emerged in increases in suicide among US teenagers.
      Nonetheless suicide remains one of the major causes of death among the fastest
      growing components of the US population--the elderly. We examine the trends in US
      age-specific suicide rates for the period 1962 to 1981 for four elderly race and
      sex groups. The trends were analysed using a Poisson regression model which
      isolated the age, period, cohort effects for suicide mortality for demographic
      groups. Age, period and cohort effects all significantly contributed to these
      trends. The race and sex differences were largest for the age pattern of changes
      in suicide mortality. Of particular interest was the different contribution of
      each of these factors to recent increases in mortality at advanced ages for black
      males--a hitherto little recognized or studied trend.

PMID- 3403132
TI  - Outcome of pregnancy among women living near petrochemical industries in Sweden.
AB  - The association between exposure to emissions from petrochemical industries and
      outcome of pregnancy was examined in a small area of Sweden. The study was based
      largely, but not entirely, on questionnaire data and evaluated the pregnancies
      which occurred between the end of 1963 and 30 June 1981 for a sample of 1400
      women born between 1935 and 1960. In addition to the questionnaire study,
      information on all infants born between 1973 and 1981 in this area was obtained
      from central registers. The miscarriage rate was slightly elevated in the exposed
      area (OR = 1.15, 0.75-1.76, 95% confidence interval). While a statistically
      significant increase in miscarriages was found for a small subset of women who
      worked for one of the petrochemical companies during pregnancy (OR = 6.6, 2.3
      19.2), the overall results did not support the hypothesis that ambient community
      exposures were associated with an increased risk of unfavourable pregnancy
      outcome.

PMID- 3403133
TI  - Maternal education as a modifier of the association between low birthweight and
      infant mortality.
AB  - Both low birthweight (LBW) and infant mortality rate (IMR) have been consistently
      shown to be associated with maternal level of educational attainment. This paper
      examines the mortality risk attributable to LBW in different levels of maternal
      education. Comprising the study population were 18,715 singleton live births to
      Jewish mothers ages 20-39, during the years 1977-1980 in the Negev (the southern
      part of Israel). Data were obtained from a linked record of birth and death
      certificates. As expected, proportions of LBW (less than 2500 grams) were
      inversely related to level of maternal education (12.2% in the lowest educational
      level, 7.9% and 8.0% in the two intermediate levels, and 7.2% in the highest
      educational level). The mortality risk attributed to LBW was found to be modified
      by maternal level of education. Mortality ratios standardized for maternal age
      and parity were computed, using educational level 3, where the lowest mortality
      rates were observed, as the standard population. Among LBW infants no significant
      differences were found across educational levels, except for the lowest
      educational level where only 69% of the expected number of deaths were observed.
      The survival advantage of LBW infants in the lowest educational level was
      observed both in the neonatal and the postneonatal periods. Among normal
      birthweight (NBW) infants, a statistically significant excess mortality was
      detected both in the highest and the lowest educational levels. The excess
      mortality of NBW infants in the highest level of maternal education was due to
      neonatal mortality (SMR = 2.2), while the excess mortality in this birthweight
      category in the lowest educational level occur mainly in the postneonatal period
      (SMR = 2.4).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3403134
TI  - A prospective study of the relation between smoking and fertility.
AB  - A prospective study of fertility was conducted from 1977 to 1982. Analysis of the
      relation between cigarette smoking and occurrence of a pregnancy was performed on
      1887 couples. The actuarial pregnancy rate was 82.9% at the end of a year.
      Cigarette smoking by both members of the couple was found to be related to
      decreased fertility when this factor was considered alone. But after including
      all the confounding covariates in a Cox semi-proportional hazards model for
      survival data, no relationship remained between cigarette smoking and fertility.
      Odds ratios were respectively 0.86 (95% confidence interval: 0.63, 1.19) and 0.99
      (0.85, 1.14) for women smoking and men smoking. This could suggest that the
      relationship found by other authors might be at least partly explained by a
      relation between cigarette smoking and other factors related to fertility.

PMID- 3403135
TI  - A comparison of two cause-of-death classification systems for deaths among women
      of reproductive age in Menoufia, Egypt.
AB  - Mortality data ascertained from sources other than a death registration system
      can validate the accuracy of the system, but this information is rarely obtained.
      Data on 1979 deaths among reproductive age women were collected in the 1981-1983
      Reproductive Age Mortality Survey (RAMOS) in the governorate of Menoufia, Egypt,
      and compared with data on these deaths as recorded by the Egyptian death
      registration system. Although the distribution of the causes of death were
      similar, there were substantial differences between classification systems for
      deaths due to particular causes. Over half of the deaths classified differently
      by the systems were those assigned to circulatory disease on the death
      certificate. In contrast, there was a high rate of agreement between systems in
      the classification of trauma deaths. About half (52.4%) of cancer deaths had the
      same site-specific cancer diagnosis assigned by RAMOS. The percentage of deaths
      assigned to maternal causes was three times higher in RAMOS (19.2%) than on death
      certificates (6.1%). Reported mortality rates for this often-preventable cause of
      death have been substantially underestimated in national death registration
      systems. Such underreporting masks the need for additional prenatal care and
      maternal health programmes.

PMID- 3403136
TI  - Perinatal and infant mortality in Wales: inter-district variations and
      associations with socio-environmental characteristics.
AB  - Stillbirth rates, perinatal death rates, early and late neonatal death rates and
      (post-neonatal) infant death rates are reported for Wales since local government
      and NHS reorganization in 1974. The time trends in these rates show declining
      mortality, in full weight and in low birthweight babies. Analysis of average
      rates for the period 1974-81 inclusive in the 37 local authority districts within
      Wales demonstrate wide variations, with PMRs ranging from 11.5 to 22.5 per 1000.
      Many highly statistically significant associations were evident between
      socioeconomic characteristics of the districts and stillbirth rates but few with
      neonatal death rates and none with infant death rates.

PMID- 3403137
TI  - The relation of respiratory symptoms and ventilatory function to moderate
      occupational exposure in a general population. Results from the French PAARC
      study of 16,000 adults.
AB  - Data from the French PAARC (Pollution Atmospherique et Affections Respiratoires
      Chroniques) study were used to assess the effect of a priori moderate
      occupational exposure to dust, gases or chemical fumes on the prevalence of
      respiratory symptoms and ventilatory function. In this community-based
      population, without households 'headed' by manual workers, 34% of the 8692 men
      and 23% of the 7772 women, 25-59 years of age, ever occupationally active,
      reported some exposure. The studied relationships were adjusted for age, height,
      smoking habits, socio-occupational class, education and air pollution by logistic
      or linear regression methods. For men and women, some 50% increase (p less than
      0.01) in chronic cough, chronic bronchitis, dyspnoea grade 2 and wheezing
      prevalence was observed in the exposed group compared to the never exposed, with
      the strongest association for wheezing. FEV1 and FEF25-75% were not associated
      with occupational exposure. Among men, FEV1/FVC and FEF25-75%/FVC were
      significantly lower (p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.05) among the exposed
      compared to never exposed, but FVC was significantly greater (p less than 0.05).
      Among women, occupational exposure was significantly related to a lower FEV1/FVC
      in the subgroup with a history of asthma or wheezing. Results suggest that
      occupational exposures of relatively low intensity, encountered in the non
      industrial work places may constitute a non-negligible risk for respiratory
      health.

PMID- 3403138
TI  - Relationship between liver cirrhosis death rate and nutritional factors in 38
      countries.
AB  - The relationship between liver cirrhosis death rates and certain nutritional
      factors was studied in 38 countries where mortality statistics were considered to
      be reliable. A partial correlation analysis showed that several food commodity
      consumption factors were independently and negatively (p less than 0.01)
      associated with liver cirrhosis death rates after adjustment for alcohol
      consumption. These factors were total calories, protein, fat, calcium, vitamin A
      and vitamin B2. The significant association of protein, vitamin A, vitamin B2 and
      calcium with the cirrhosis death rates is of importance since they were not
      intercorrelated with alcohol consumption. Further results showed that animal
      protein was more significantly related to cirrhosis death rates than vegetable
      protein. However, in view of certain limitations of this study, the findings do
      not necessarily reflect causal relationships but rather support the consideration
      by scientists that protein and vitamin deficiency may have certain effects on
      liver cirrhosis.

PMID- 3403139
TI  - Diabetes mellitus in Tunisia: description in urban and rural populations.
AB  - A prevalence survey of diabetes mellitus was carried out in Tunisia on two random
      samples of households. The first sample (3826 adult subjects) was drawn from the
      Gouvernorat of Tunis, the second one (1787 adult subjects), was drawn from a
      rural area, the Gouvernorat of Siliana. The families were investigated at home
      and diabetes assessed on the basis of an interview (to determine known cases) and
      of fasting blood glucose level in subjects having no personal history of diabetes
      (new cases). Prevalence rates were estimated considering known cases and newly
      found ones together. Overall, the age-standardized prevalence rate was found to
      be much higher in the urban sample compared to the rural one, especially for
      women (4.6% versus 2.3% in men, 3.5% versus 0.6% in women). Diabetes was often
      associated with obesity, especially in men. Within the urban sample, the
      prevalence rate was similar in subjects born in Tunis and in those born in the
      rest of the country, thus mainly of rural extraction. In contrast, a family
      history of diabetes was more often reported in the former group. The results are
      consistent with other epidemiological findings, showing that a dramatic increase
      in diabetes morbidity parallels the rapid westernization of urban centres in
      developing countries.

PMID- 3403140
TI  - Case-control studies of the effect of environmental sanitation on diarrhoea
      morbidity: methodological implications of field studies in Africa and Asia.
AB  - The problems and prospects in the use of case-control studies to assess the
      effects of improvements in environmental sanitation on diarrhoea morbidity are
      discussed on the basis of two field studies. It is concluded that an adequate
      design is available for assessing the effects of a single improvement on
      diarrhoeal disease. The estimates of effect appear to be valid and sufficiently
      precise. For addressing more complex questions of interactions, sample sizes
      would have to be increased substantially. The experience with two field studies
      suggests that there is hope that a simpler protocol may be feasible, in which
      only limited information is collected, in which few home visits are made, and in
      which analytical techniques are simple. Until more field studies have been
      conducted definitive conclusions cannot be reached on the applicability of such a
      simple, rapid and inexpensive approach.

PMID- 3403141
TI  - On measures and models for the effectiveness of vaccines and vaccination
      programmes.
AB  - Smith, Rodrigues and Fine have discussed and linked different measures, models,
      and study designs for the assessment of vaccines. The present paper responds to a
      number of issues implicitly raised by these authors. In particular, it is argued
      that measures and models need to be considered independently, with choice of
      measure depending on evaluation objectives, and choice of model depending on
      consideration of both mechanism of administration and mechanism of action. Models
      in which a particular measure remains constant tend to be unrealistic for
      evaluating field effectiveness. Some technical issues arising in the design and
      analysis of case-control studies of vaccines are also addressed.

PMID- 3403142
TI  - Methodological issues in cohort studies. II: Power calculations.
AB  - A simple model is described for estimating power in cohort studies, in which the
      exposure is treated as a polytomous variable, with a known distribution in the
      population from which the sample is drawn. The model then requires the
      specification of the expected number of deaths which will occur in the cohort,
      calculated from the population rates, the dose-response relationship, and the
      size of the cohort. The model also allows for misclassification of exposure, the
      rule rather than the exception in epidemiological studies. The model is applied
      to a proposed study of saturated fat intake and risk of death from colorectal
      cancer in a male cohort drawn from the general population. It is demonstrated
      that this approach leads to an optimization of the power estimates, and in
      particular that maximization of power can be achieved by using a relatively small
      number of categories, eg four. It is also demonstrated that the effect of
      misclassification is less extreme if a polytomous dose-response model is used for
      analysis as compared to the usual simple dichotomous exposure model.

PMID- 3403143
TI  - Using father's age to explore the role of germ cell mutation as a cause of human
      cancer.
AB  - It has been conjectured that single-gene mutations in the human sperm or egg may
      increase the risk of cancer in subsequent offspring. We propose an
      epidemiological test of this hypothesis, using an observation from paediatric
      genetics. Children with autosomal dominant disease are occasionally born into
      previously unaffected families. This signals the probable mutation of a parent's
      germ cell. Risk of producing these offspring is found to be related to father's
      age but not to mother's age. This suggests that sex differences in germ cell
      production lead to a greater accumulation of germ cell mutations in men than
      women. If germ cell mutations increase with father's age, and if germ cell
      mutations are associated with subsequent increase in cancer risk, then some
      association should exist between age of the father (but not the mother) and risk
      of cancer. We discuss the few available data, and suggest ways that this
      hypothesis might easily be tested.

PMID- 3403144
TI  - Dietary habits and the aetiology of cancer.

PMID- 3403145
TI  - Changes in diagnostic procedure utilization in Italy, 1980-83.

PMID- 3403147
TI  - Mass hysteria in a secondary school.

PMID- 3403146
TI  - Cigarette smoking cessation rates by level of education in five western
      countries.

PMID- 3403148
TI  - Communication and containing in child analysis: towards terminability.
AB  - The author discusses the relation between certain qualities of communication and
      containment in the analytical relationship and how these can lead to changes in
      the child patient's ego either in the direction of greater integration or in the
      direction of increased splitting and regression. These shifts are described
      through the case material of the analysis of the 7-year-old girl, Ann. When the
      analyst did not understand Ann's particular anxiety, she cut off her capacity to
      perceive, feel and communicate. When, on the contrary, she experienced her
      analyst as somebody who was able to stand and understand her need and anger and
      to speak of them to her, this seemed to give her a sense of being contained, and
      enabled her to introject not only the analyst's interpretations but also her
      functions of perceiving, intuiting and thinking, that is to say an object who
      contains through these functions. This object becomes part of the child's own ego
      through repetitive experience of being contained and understood in all kinds of
      emotional situations. This in turn broadens the child's capacity to communicate
      with the external world as well as with her internal world.

PMID- 3403149
TI  - The infantile psychic trauma from us to Freud: pure trauma, retroactivity and
      reconstruction.
AB  - In the works of Freud, the concept of childhood psychic trauma evolves in the
      direction of increasing complexity. The authors maintain that this expansion
      corresponds to a new conception of retroactive temporality (Nachtraglich), which
      is precisely the one we use in the analytic process of reconstruction and
      historicization from the present toward the past. We are thus led to
      differentiate the extreme form of the unassimilable 'pure' Trauma, nearly pure
      death drive, from the retroactively historicized forms which are reintegrated
      into the continuity of a vital flow of time that we 'invent' in analytic work.

PMID- 3403150
TI  - Development terminable and interminable. I. Innate and motivational factors from
      infancy.
AB  - The problems of continuity and change posed by Freud's essay of fifty years ago
      are discussed in terms of the development of innate and motivational factors from
      infancy. Part I of this paper reviews interdisciplinary research and proposes
      some theoretical formulations. Research points to the centrality of the infant
      caregiver relationship experience and of emotional availability for establishing
      both continuity and the potential for later adaptive change. Basic infant
      motivations are proposed that consist of activity, self-regulation, social
      fittedness and affective monitoring. These influences are strongly biologically
      prepared, are necessary for development and persist throughout life. Other
      motivational structures are fuelled by the basic motives and develop in the
      specific context of the infant-caregiver relationship. These structures include
      those related to the affective core of self and early moral internalization.
      Moreover, by the age of three years, an executive sense of 'we' develops in a
      symbolic affectively-supported, autonomous form in some children.

PMID- 3403151
TI  - The psychoanalysis of a patient with ulcerative colitis. The impact of fantasy,
      affect, and the intensity of drives on the outcome of treatment.
AB  - In this paper the clinical case of a patient with ulcerative colitis is
      described, to illustrate how the vicissitudes of affects and fantasies, and the
      intensity of drives can set limits to the capacity for change in psychoanalysis.
      Drive intensity at all zonal levels is discussed. The author describes two
      unconscious fantasies which fuelled the resistance to progress, because of their
      inevitable links with traumatic and disavowed affects, and with libidinal and
      aggressive drives. The first fantasy described is that of the narcissistic
      impasse, in which the patient could not orchestrate an optimal distance with the
      object, who always seemed too perilously near or far. The second fantasy, giving
      rise to the first, is that of the Faustian bargain, according to which the
      patient repeated an infantile disposition to effect a trade-off with a needed but
      elusive ideal object, resulting in pathological splitting, a loss of a sense of
      ownership of the Psyche and the Soma, and eventual somatic vulnerability.

PMID- 3403152
TI  - Critical reflections on a coding scheme.
AB  - We began by reviewing our method for studying the patient's experience of the
      relationship with the analyst. Among the highlights of the method is the coding
      of allusions to the transference in associations that are not manifestly about
      the transference. We went on to describe a modification in our point of view that
      has occurred since the coding scheme was published in 1982. This change entails
      greater emphasis upon the value of a certain kind of participation on the part of
      the analyst, one which invariably includes some degree of re-enactment of
      neurotic patterns of relatedness. We feel that the process is frequently enriched
      when it includes both the interactive expression of the tendency towards
      enactment and its examination. We compared our viewpoint with Weiss & Sampson and
      the Mount Zion group who seem to promote an ideal in which the analyst does not
      yield at all to the pressures of the neurotic transference. We concluded with
      some general reflections on psychoanalytic process research. Central among these
      is the idea that research hypotheses and methods should continually be revised to
      take account of the complexity of the process that we know of as practitioners.

PMID- 3403153
TI  - Clinical and scientific aspects of the Ulm process model of psychoanalysis.
AB  - Theories of the psychoanalytic process inevitably influence the clinician's
      handling of the treatment. Investigations in the private theories of analysts
      point to the anchoring of these process conceptions in the personal experience of
      the analyst; therefore a normative, ideally constructed process model does not
      correspond to what is found when empirical studies are performed. For many
      reasons of social interactionism criticism applies also to so-called natural
      process conception which maintains that the process of working through has to
      pass ontogenetic phases from early to late. Though the concept of phase, known
      also as focus, is a very helpful notion, its empirical foundation is yet very
      weak. The paper describes empirical approaches to identify focal phases which are
      the basis of the Ulm process conception.

PMID- 3403154
TI  - Measures of psychoanalytic concepts--the last decade of research from 'the Penn
      studies'.
AB  - This paper describes three types of operational measures developed by the Penn
      Psychotherapy Research project in the past decade: (1) Measures of the
      therapeutic alliance: three measures were created based on ratings, counting
      signs and questionnaire. All three showed significant predictions of the
      treatment outcomes. (2) The advent of objective measures of transference
      patterns: a relationship pattern measure called the 'core conflictual
      relationship theme' was developed, based on finding the recurrent patterns in
      narratives about people, including those about the therapist, that are told
      during the treatment. The measure has been shown to be reliable and valid. (3)
      Accuracy of interpretation: the convergence of the interpretations with the CCRT-
      the greater the convergence, the more the patient benefits. In the future, other
      clinical concepts will be examined to find how reliably the measures can be
      evaluated and related to benefits from the treatment.

PMID- 3403156
TI  - Developmental forces and termination in child analysis.
AB  - Re-examining Sigmund Freud's 'Analysis terminable and interminable' (1937) from
      the perspective of child analysis highlights the importance of developmental
      assessment and developmental forces in psychoanalysis. This paper explores the
      questions of the goals of child analysis and the criteria for successful
      treatment. Also discussed is how unrealistic expectations on the part of the
      analyst and the parents, as well as the parents' and analyst's conflicts may
      result in an analysis being interminable. An additional problem at termination is
      the mourning involved for both the child and the analyst. These issues are
      explored in the context of the final year of analysis of a 5-year-old boy who
      stuttered. Reflecting on this boy's analysis, questions about the relationship of
      termination to developmental forces, the resolution of the transference neurosis,
      reconstruction, counter-transference and identification with the analysing
      function of the analyst are explored. The importance and meaning of the child's,
      the analyst's, and the parents' simultaneously intuitive sense of the time for
      termination are discussed.

PMID- 3403155
TI  - Testing hypotheses about unconscious mental functioning.
AB  - Three research studies were designed to test the explanatory powers of two broad
      psychoanalytic hypotheses about the nature of unconscious mental functionings.
      Both hypotheses bear directly on the psychoanalytic theory of therapy. The first,
      the Dynamic hypothesis, assumes that unconscious mental life is determined by the
      dynamic interactions of unconscious forces that take place in accordance with the
      pleasure principle beyond the patient's control. The second, the Unconscious
      Control hypothesis, while not excluding unconscious dynamic interactions, assumes
      that the patient unconsciously may use his higher mental functions and that he
      exerts a certain degree of control over his unconscious mental life. He uses this
      control to develop goals, to test the therapist (and at the same time his
      pathogenic beliefs), and to regulate the coming forth of repressed mental
      contents, bringing them forth when he unconsciously decides that he could safely
      experience them. The studies demonstrate that quantitative, reliable research
      methods can be used to test basic psychoanalytic hypotheses about the nature of
      unconscious mental functioning. The findings are compatible with the Unconscious
      Control hypothesis as described above.

PMID- 3403157
TI  - A woman's attempt at a perverse solution and its failure.
AB  - The Programme Committee of the Montreal Congress asked the author to present a
      case of perversion connected with traumas. Rather than speak about erotization of
      the effects of the trauma (death or castration anxiety transformed into a source
      of pleasure) the author relates the first 18 months of analysis of a young woman
      whose important narcissistic trauma, the result of an inadequate early
      relationship with her mother, is camouflaged by an avidity for sexual
      excitations. The aim is to transform narcissistic pain which cannot be worked
      through into sexuality for which release is possible. Sexuality becomes a means
      of expressing feelings of hate, revenge and triumph over the primary object. The
      ensuing perverse solution--an attempt to slip into the primal scene by
      identification with the sadistic penis--does not succeed. The author advances
      certain hypotheses concerning the mother-daughter relationship which seem to
      explain this failure and to explain too the absence of a stable perverse
      organization in women. There follows a longing to return to the womb, in the
      shape of the fantasied destruction of the contents of the mother's belly,
      expressed as the fantasy of the end of the world, and which the author labels as
      'the archaic matrix of the Oedipus complex'.

PMID- 3403159
TI  - Crowd psychology and ideology: a psychoanalytic view of the reciprocal effects of
      folk philosophies and personal actions.
AB  - Folk philosophies are constituted by shared, mostly unconscious systems of rules-
      in the formal sense of rule theory. In the West, there has been a breakdown in
      the folk philosophies which define reality for most people. Disruption creates
      disorganization and regression of fragmented groups to more primitive forms,
      ruled by magic and authoritarian leaders. Psychoanalysis is a sub-group which can
      serve as an exemplar for both small and large groups. Freedom from the magical
      and value-ridden 'realities' of the past poses the danger of licence but the
      opportunity that more rational systems may emerge. If managed successfully, such
      systems may help replace an older and no longer viable folk philosophy with forms
      which are more rational and humane. The essay also considers the new technical
      means to store and make data accessible. The danger is accumulation of mountains
      of undigested data, unevaluated and out of context--often misunderstood as
      'information'. But the opportunities lie in the possibilities to develop new
      epistemologies.

PMID- 3403158
TI  - Group formation and ideology. Text and context.
AB  - The relationship between the phenomenon of 'mass formation' (Massenbildung) and
      the production and circulation of ideologies is examined. The explanation of the
      said relationship must take into account both the social dimension as well as the
      intrapsychic structure of the ideological. To achieve this a brief review of
      Freud's ideas on group psychology and of some definitions of ideology, namely
      those proposed by Ricoeur, Althusser and Habermas is expounded. In the same way
      as the understanding of the vicissitudes of identification is crucial to gain
      insight into 'mass formation', the investigation of the processes of idealization
      is vital to the understanding of the ideological.

PMID- 3403160
TI  - Analytic work with adolescents: terminable and interminable.
AB  - Three types of ending in the analyses of adolescents have been discussed: the
      premature unilateral termination, the mutually agreed ending and the unilaterally
      interminable analysis. I have concentrated particularly on the third type,
      illustrating with clinical material the foreclosure in adolescent development. I
      have suggested that such foreclosure is preceded by developmental distortions
      from infancy onwards and that these distortions become organized in the breakdown
      during adolescence. If we return to the starting point of the Congress, Freud's
      paper 'Analysis terminable and interminable', it seems we still have to assess
      our potential adolescent patients carefully in terms of the
      constitutional/instinctual factors, the intensity and degree of internal and
      external traumata and the developmental strength of the ego which might
      effectively be mobilized within the analytic experience. But often it is only
      when we take such adolescents into analysis that we are really able to test their
      ego capacities for psychic change and for achieving separateness from the analyst
      and thus from their primary objects of infancy and early childhood.

PMID- 3403161
TI  - Alteration of the ego due to defensive processes and the limitations of
      psychoanalytic treatment.
AB  - I have elucidated some of the main clinical and theoretical currents of the last
      few decades which belong under the general heading of 'alteration of the ego due
      to defensive processes', making use of Freud's dynamic structural concept. As
      examples of pathologically altered structures which connect all or some of the
      functions and agencies of the personality and rule as a state within a state, I
      have adduced the neurotically ego-syntonic character, a narcissistic defensive
      organization and the psychotic part of the personality. The possibility of
      therapeutic change depends on whether the pathogenetic path that led to the
      formation of the prevailing self-object relation can be retraced in the
      transference. The retracing of the ego-superego disturbance to its traumatic
      origins and the facilitation of a therapeutic regression are old-established
      basic psychoanalytic concepts which go back to Freud and Ferenczi and which, it
      seems, at present allow a synthesis of the clinical experiences gained under the
      aegis of different theories.

PMID- 3403162
TI  - Ego and superego alterations in borderline structures: their effect on the
      process and outcome of treatment.
AB  - The intermediate variable establishing the link between pathological structural
      alterations and aetiopathogenic factors, whether constitutional or acquired,
      might correspond to mental substructures derived from defensively altered and
      pathologically internalized object relations. Some basic postulates, connected to
      this central thesis, guided a brief, introductory critical review of two
      controversial areas in the treatment of borderline structures: (a) the
      relationship between mental models and developmental theories and (b) the
      relationship between mental models and therapeutic approaches. Since the axis of
      this paper centred around the limitations determined by structural alterations
      produced by defences, I then outlined some aspects of the treatment of a patient
      with severe character pathology, laying particular stress on: (a) the clinical
      manifestations of ego and superego alterations and their influence on the process
      and outcome of treatment; (b) the impediments and complications stemming from
      early superego precursors, with reference, in particular, to the therapeutic
      frame and psychoanalytic tactics; and, finally (c) the limitations and
      vicissitudes of the interplay of specific and diatrophic (non-specific) aspects
      of the analytic work in the task of promoting emotional growth.

PMID- 3403164
TI  - Affect in the context of the infant's lived experience: some considerations.
AB  - Affect is considered in the context of the infant's lived-experience. It is
      considered as one of the attributes of experience, among many (cognition,
      perception, motive, action). Several different positions concerning the relative
      weight and role allotted to affect compared to other attributes are discussed
      along with the implications of each position for defining the infant's
      subjective, memorial and representational world.

PMID- 3403163
TI  - Affective exchanges between high risk mothers and infants.
AB  - In this paper, we will describe patterns of emotional matching and mismatching in
      adolescent mothers and their infants which relate to developmental risk. These
      patterns of interaction will be discussed in relation to emotional development
      and availability, affect attunement, and the affective core. Previously,
      emotional communication and signalling in infancy were understood as secondary to
      drives. However, more recently, they have been shown to be important for
      adaptation in the infant-caregiver relationship. Cases will be presented to
      illustrate three risk patterns of negative affective exchanges between young
      mothers and infants and a contrasting pattern of positive, reciprocal exchanges.
      Positive affective exchanges between parents and infants are very important to
      facilitate growth and development. We believe that early preventive interventions
      targeted toward both internal and external environmental factors for the infant,
      mother, and relationship are very important to encourage positive growth.

PMID- 3403165
TI  - Early affect development: empirical research.
AB  - The authors present and question some aspects of the experience accumulated over
      fourteen years through the regular observation of the relationship between mother
      and child. They call special attention to the extremely precocious occurrence of
      an affective relationship in this pair, in fact from birth. At the same time they
      emphasize the reciprocity that exists between mother and child, one interacting,
      stimulating and being stimulated equally by the other since birth. They try to
      attain these objectives by presenting briefly three observations regarding the
      first three months of life.

PMID- 3403166
TI  - Autistic objects.

PMID- 3403167
TI  - Level of uncertainty and brain damage: a reaction time test of attention for
      clinical use.
AB  - The goal of this study was to search for effects of aging on visual reaction-time
      task designed to evidence subtle attentional disturbances in brain-injured
      subjects. Experiment I showed that the speed of response was affected by the
      level of task complexity (simple versus two-choice versus four-choice reaction
      times, with a forced response), irrespective of age. A main effect of age and
      effects of the responding finger and/or of the spatial location of the stimulus
      also emerged. Experiment II showed that the complexity effect was not an artifact
      resulting from the order of the conditions, and Exp. III, by means of a go/no-go
      procedure, showed that the effect of the location of the stimulus in Exp. I was
      due to central cognitive operations dealing with the choice of the response
      finger rather than with visuospatial operations about the stimulus.

PMID- 3403168
TI  - The role of the right hemisphere in form perception and visual gnosis
      organization.
AB  - Peculiarities of series of picture interpretations and Rorschach test results in
      patients with unilateral benign hemispheric tumours are discussed. It is
      concluded that visual perception in the right hemisphere has hierarchic
      structure, i.e., each successive area from the occipital lobe towards the frontal
      having a more complicated function. Visual engrams are distributed over the right
      hemisphere in a manner similar to the way the visual information is recorded in
      holographic systems. In any impairment of the right hemisphere a tendency towards
      whole but unclear vision arises. The preservation of lower levels of visual
      perception provides for clear vision only of small parts of the image. Thus,
      confabulatory phenomena arises, which are specific for right hemispheric lesions.

PMID- 3403169
TI  - Peculiarities of participation of the fronto-thalamo-caudate system in
      extrapolatory behavior.
AB  - After observing a chimpanzee constructing a step-ladder to reach a hanging fruit,
      on one of his "Wednesday-meetings" (on November 13th, 1935), I. P. Pavlov said
      that one could not call this complex behavior "a conditioned reflex," "...this is
      the beginning of knowledge accumulation, establishment of constant connections
      between objects--the basis, underlying the scientific activity, causality laws
      and so on" (Pavlovskije sredi, 1949, v. 3, p. 263). So, I.P. Pavlov thought that
      higher nervous activity had, besides the conditioned reflex, other forms of
      manifestation. These ideas were developed by the famous Soviet scientist Prof. L.
      V. Krushinsky (1911-1984) (Chief of the Laboratory of Physiology and Genetics of
      Behavior, Dept. of Physiology of Higher Nervous Activity, the Biofaculty of the
      Moscow State Univ.). The results of this work were first published in 1958 and
      opened a new trend in the behavioral research. L.V. Krushinsky was the first to
      distinguish an extrapolatory reflex (as he called it) from a great number of
      complex behavioral acts. This reflex is one of the types of association,
      underlying the animal ability to perceive objective reality. "The more laws,
      interrelating the environmental elements the animal perceives, the more developed
      rational activity it has" (Krushinsky, 1986, p. 11, 234). L. V. Krushinsky
      adopted the term "extrapolation" from mathematics. It means definition of the
      value of the function outside of the limits of the interval where the function is
      already defined. In the case with extrapolatory behavior one speaks about the
      animal's ability to perceive this regularity. Our interest in the role of
      association brain structures during this behavior is not occasional. Clinical
      and, mainly, neuropsychological researches of Luria and his coworkers, and the
      experimental analysis of conditioned-reflex behavior suggest a great role of the
      above structures in complex forms of higher nervous activity. Just the forebrain
      association structures--frontal, parietal, temporal cortical areas, as well as
      the caudate nucleus and the association thalamic nuclei--are undergoing a complex
      evolutionary development in mammals. We see the culmination of their development
      in man. This paper sums up our research concerning the role of the most important
      forebrain association structures in realization of extrapolatory reflex. Here we
      publish the results of our experiments on cats.

PMID- 3403171
TI  - Effect of maternal separation on the complement system and antibody responses in
      infant primates.
AB  - Hemolytic complement activity and complement protein levels were evaluated before
      and after psychological disturbance in the squirrel monkey. Significant increases
      in hemolytic complement activity were observed following separation of 6-month
      old infants from their mothers. Complement protein levels were generally
      correlated with hemolytic activity, but did not show the same pattern of change.
      C3 levels did not change consistently after maternal separation, while C4
      decreased significantly on Day 7, and then began to return toward basal levels by
      Day 14. The alterations in complement activity were associated with elevated
      adrenal hormone secretion, but were not directly correlated with plasma cortisol
      levels. A second experiment showed that increased hemolytic complement activity
      also occurred in juvenile squirrel monkeys following 4-hour to 7-day removals
      from a peer group. The effect of maternal separation on antibody responses to
      viral challenge was evaluated in a third experiment. Separated infant squirrel
      monkeys mounted a smaller antibody response than did control infants that
      remained with their mothers. A similar decline in antibody responses was observed
      in separated rhesus macaque infants, but the effect was less marked in this
      species. Thus, the strong effect of psychological disturbance on immunity in the
      squirrel monkey is probably related to its prolonged endocrine responses.

PMID- 3403170
TI  - Immobilization stress and direct glucocorticoid effects on rat septohippocampus.
AB  - The rat septohippocampal cholinergic system to a large extent regulates the
      adaptive physiological and behavioral response to stress. The mesoseptal
      dopaminergic (DA) system, one of the converging inputs to the lateral septum,
      exerts a tonic inhibitory action on the septohippocampal cholinergic neurons.
      High concentrations of pituitary-adrenocortical hormones in plasma may activate
      the septohippocampal cholinergic system. We have sought to determine whether this
      mode of activation may be directly initiated by hormonal action on the
      cholinergic terminals, or indirectly induced through an alteration in the DA
      septal inputs. The results indicate that stress initiates rapid and transient
      changes in DA uptake by septal DA terminals, changes which probably contribute to
      the initial transient activation of the hippocampal cholinergic system. While the
      effects of glucocorticoids, observed in vitro, may mimic the enhanced ACh release
      in stress, they do not mimic the increased choline uptake. Nevertheless, high
      glucocorticoid concentrations may act directly on septal dopaminergic terminals
      to reduce their DA uptake capacity. These results imply that the septohippocampal
      cholinergic activity represents an integrative pathway for neuronal and hormonal
      signals of stress.

PMID- 3403172
TI  - Failure of amantadine hydrochloride to alter immune responses in the experimental
      allergic encephalomyelitis model of neuroautoimmune disease.
AB  - Amantadine hydrochloride has been reported efficacious in the symptomatic
      management of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). To characterize further the
      potential effects of amantadine in MS, we studied the drug's effect on
      immunological parameters in the experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE)
      model. Nine Lewis rats were used; 3 served as controls and 6 were EAE-induced.
      Three of the EAE-induced rats received amantadine (AMT) (0.3 g/kg/day) at the
      onset of EAE symptoms. Sera were collected post-AMT treatment and assayed for
      antimyelin basic protein antibody (anti-MBP) and 2'3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'
      phosphohydrolase activity (CNP). The mean differences in the immunological
      parameters between treated and nontreated EAE-induced groups were not
      significant. These findings fail to demonstrate a specific effect of amantadine
      on immunologic responses tested in the EAE model, and do not support the notion
      that the effects of amantadine in MS are linked to basic alterations in immune
      responses.

PMID- 3403173
TI  - Prevention of ocular sports injuries.

PMID- 3403174
TI  - Objectivity in sports vision testing.

PMID- 3403175
TI  - The National Eye Trauma System.

PMID- 3403176
TI  - The histopathology of sports-related ocular trauma, 1980-1986.

PMID- 3403177
TI  - Legal aspects of sports-related ocular injuries.

PMID- 3403178
TI  - Perspectives on impact resistance and polycarbonate lenses.

PMID- 3403180
TI  - Ocular injuries and war games.

PMID- 3403179
TI  - Ocular injuries and motor vehicles.

PMID- 3403181
TI  - Ocular injuries from air guns.

PMID- 3403182
TI  - Ocular injuries in hockey.

PMID- 3403183
TI  - Ocular injuries in racquet sports.

PMID- 3403184
TI  - Ocular and facial injuries in baseball.

PMID- 3403185
TI  - Ocular injuries in boxing.

PMID- 3403186
TI  - The role of opticianry in preventing ocular injuries.

PMID- 3403187
TI  - The role of organized ophthalmology in preventing ocular injuries.

PMID- 3403188
TI  - Fluid-electrolyte metabolism and renal function in men under hypokinesia and
      physical exercise.
AB  - It has been suggested that hypokinesia (diminished muscular activity)* induces
      significant changes in fluid-electrolyte metabolism and renal function in
      physically conditioned men. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate fluid
      electrolyte metabolism and ionoregulatory renal function during 16 days of
      hypokinesia (HK) and 15 days of readaptation period (RP) in 12 physically
      conditioned male volunteers aged 19-23 years. They were divided into two equal
      groups. Group 1 was subjected to HK and intensive physical exercise (PE) and
      group 2 was submitted to pure HK, that is, without the use of any preventive
      measures. For the simulation of the hypokinetic effect all of the men were kept
      under a rigorous bed rest regime. Sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium,
      creatinine, urea and osmotic concentration were calculated in blood serum and
      urine samples. Renal excretion of fluid, osmotically active substances and
      electrolytes was insignificantly different in the two groups. The level and
      period of water and electrolyte retention were different with respect to the
      duration of HK. The basic physiological mechanisms of changes in fluid
      electrolyte metabolism were consistent with a reduction of the glomerular
      filtration rate and a change in water and ion transport of renal tubules. It was
      concluded that HK induced marked changes in fluid-electrolyte metabolism and
      renal function in physically conditioned men regardless of their involvement in
      intensive physical exercise.

PMID- 3403189
TI  - Comparison between percutaneous nephrolithotomy and open stone procedures.
AB  - A total of 205 patients have undergone stone extraction surgery. Three groups
      were studied: in 70 patients the stones were removed by flank incision, in 20
      patients by posterior incision and 80 patients were treated by percutaneous
      nephrolithotomy. Patients submitted to percutaneous nephrolithotomy had a shorter
      hospitalization, operative time and a significantly reduced period of
      recuperation, allowing earlier return to work and decreased disability. Narcotic
      drugs were demanded in a lower amount in the percutaneous nephrolithotomy group.

PMID- 3403190
TI  - Clinical analysis of the small kidney associated with VUR.
AB  - Analysis was performed on the clinical features of children with VUR who had one
      or two kidneys that were at least -2 SD smaller than normal for age of its renal
      ratio. The prevalence of the small kidney was 15.6% (97/623 children). Of 107
      small kidneys, 87 (82%) were associated with moderate (grade IV) to severe (grade
      V) reflux and renal scarring was evident on 95 kidneys (88%). About half of the
      kidneys were diagnosed as scarred atrophy and 40% as congenital hypoplasia. The
      renal growth after antireflux surgery was evaluated by the change of the renal
      ratio and it was found that about three-fourths remained small during the pre-
      and postoperative periods. Accelerated growth was only exceptional.

PMID- 3403191
TI  - The morphological basis of ureteral peristalsis. An ultrastructural study of the
      rat ureter.
AB  - The ultrastructure of the normal rat ureter has been studied in order to
      correlate the morphological findings with the function of the organ. Electron
      microscopy demonstrates that the ureteral musculature behaves as a functional
      syncytium which permits the spread of electrical excitation from cell to cell. A
      scanty number of nerve endings without evidence of autonomic ganglia was found
      throughout the ureteral layers. These morphological data support the hypothesis
      that ureteral peristalsis is an essentially myogenic phenomenon, the influence of
      the autonomic nerve supply being limited to modulating peristalsis and
      influencing ureteral tonus.

PMID- 3403193
TI  - The effect of hydroxyprogesterone on ureteral stones.
AB  - It has been suggested that dilatation of the ureter seen in pregnancy is caused
      by progesterone. Twenty-four patients with ureteral calculi, therefore, were
      given an intramuscular injection of 250 mg hydroxyprogesterone in order to
      facilitate the discharge of the stones. Irrespective of the duration of symptoms
      there was a potential effect of treatment in up to 66% of the patients. In
      patients with symptoms of less than three weeks duration the stones were
      discharged within three weeks after the first symptom in 75% of the cases, which
      is a much higher incidence rate than that stated in the literature for
      spontaneous stone discharge (18-30%). In patients with longstanding symptoms 50%
      of the stones had passed, as compared to 39% reported in the literature.
      Especially concrements with a diameter larger than 4 mm had a better discharge
      rate. As the treatment is simple, cheap and without side effects, it seems
      worthwhile trying it in order to avoid surgery.

PMID- 3403194
TI  - Bladder agenesis.
AB  - Agenesis of the bladder is an extremely rare anomaly with only approximately 40
      such cases reported in the literature. We report on a 30-year-old female patient
      who also had right renal agenesis.

PMID- 3403192
TI  - A new method for the management of ureteral colic after extracorporeal shock wave
      lithotripsy.
AB  - In ten patients, who underwent ESWL of renal calculi and had severe ureteral
      colic due to acute obturation of the ureteral lumen by larger stone fragments,
      i.v. glucagon injections combined with laevulose infusion were applied. All
      patients reported relief of pain and discomfort within 15-20 minutes after
      glucagon injection. Position of the stones in the ureter was regularly checked.
      No particular adverse effects of glucagon were noted. Glucagon increases GFR and
      diuresis and exhibits spasmolytic effect on the smooth muscle of the ureteral
      wall, thus facilitating the passage of stone fragments after ESWL. In certain
      cases and with certain indications we recommend the method as highly effective.

PMID- 3403195
TI  - Vesicovaginal fistula repair: a simple suprapubic transvesical approach.
AB  - Simple suprapubic closure operations were performed for complicated vesicovaginal
      fistulas in 23 patients. Fistulas with previous unsuccessful attempts (13
      patients), fistulas located above the interureteric ridge (5 patients) and
      fistulas including the ureteral orifice (5 patients) were considered as good
      candidates for suprapubic approach. There have been 3 failures and, thus, the
      initial success rate is 86.9 per cent.

PMID- 3403197
TI  - X-ray findings on the testicular artery in varicocele.
AB  - X-ray findings on the internal testicular artery following abdominal aortography
      are described. A group of 32 patients with left-sided varicocele were examined.
      The course of internal testicular artery was visualized in 27 patients. In 5
      sterile patients prolonged filling of the left internal testicular artery up to
      the venous phase of the abdominal aortography has been observed. The non
      physiological courses of the artery are described.

PMID- 3403196
TI  - Functional results after ileocystoplasty.
AB  - The functional results after ileocystoplasty were studied in seven patients with
      interstitial cystitis, irradiated bladder and neurogenic bladder dysfunction.
      None of the patients had had symptomatic improvement by medical or surgical
      means. All patients were suffering from urinary frequency and five patients had
      severe urge incontinence or suprapubic pains. Postoperatively the patients were
      followed from 8 to 66 months and evaluated by urodynamic examinations and
      interviews. Urinary frequency was improved in all patients but one with
      interstitial cystitis who had persisting suprapubic pains. None had residual
      urine volume greater than 30 ml postoperatively. It is concluded that bladder
      augmentation by ileocystoplasty is an excellent method of treatment for patients
      with contracted bladder secondary to interstitial cystitis, irradiated bladder,
      and detrusor hyperreflexia and sphincter dyssynergia.

PMID- 3403198
TI  - A new transperitoneal approach for retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy.
AB  - A new transperitoneal approach for retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy is presented.
      The abdominal incision resembles the letter omega, gives free access to both
      suprahilar renal areas and abdominal pelvis and provides solid repair of the
      abdominal wall. It may also be used for surgery on both kidneys and adrenals.

PMID- 3403199
TI  - Anticoagulative and antiaggregate therapy of glomerulonephritis.

PMID- 3403200
TI  - Long-term effects of steroid and cytostatic treatment on the clinical course of
      idiopathic membranous glomerulonephritis (retrospective study).
AB  - The clinical course of 30 patients with idiopathic membranous glomerulonephritis
      has been followed up for 8.1 +/- 3.4 (4-17) years. First, in each case a long
      term prednisone treatment was administered. During this therapy 12 (40%) patients
      improved and 9 had remission. In the 18 (60%) steroid resistant cases the
      treatment was combined with cytostatic drugs. After a combined regime for 1.9 +/-
      0.8 years, 8 patients have improved, 2 of whom remitted. It has been suggested
      that due to a long-term immunomodulator therapy the level of urinary protein
      excretion might be reduced in 77% of patients. There was no effect of the applied
      treatment in 7% of cases, still in 16% a gradual deterioration was observed.
      Relapsing nephrotic syndrome has occurred in 3 (10%) of the total cases. Side
      effects requiring cessation of treatment were not observed.

PMID- 3403202
TI  - Proton magnetic resonance of early myocardial infarction in rats.
AB  - In vitro (10 MHz) proton magnetic resonance (MR) was used to study myocardial
      infarction 30 hours after ligation of the left coronary artery in rats. The
      location of large anterolateral myocardial wall infarcts was confirmed when the
      rats were killed. In vitro measurements of control animals (n = 7) showed T1
      prolongation in right as compared with left ventricles (559 +/- 41 vs. 522 +/- 35
      milliseconds [sd]; P less than .02); this correlated with a higher water content
      and is believed to be caused by increased extracellular compartment size.
      Infarcted myocardium (n = 9) had lower T1 relaxation times than control left
      ventricle anterior walls (480 +/- 37 vs. 522 +/- 35 milliseconds; P less than
      .01) despite increased water content (78 +/- 1.1% vs. 76.5 +/- 6%; P less than
      .01) and a mild increase in T2 values. We conclude that the MR characteristics of
      myocardial infarction in rats differ from those of other models, possibly because
      of differences in infarct sizes and rates of proteolysis within the damaged
      tissues.

PMID- 3403201
TI  - Psychopathology of chronic haemodialysis: is it a behavioural cognitive
      continuum?
AB  - Neuropsychiatric complications of chronic renal haemodialysis cover a wide gamut
      of clinical syndromes. These pictures can be diagnostically classified as non
      psychotic and psychotic-like syndromes. On the basis of a review of the
      literature, some nosological precisions are formulated, and a hypothesized
      cognitive-behavioural psychopathological continuum is presented. The hypothesis
      postulates that a central cognitive disturbance, due to multiple organic
      aetiopathogenic factors, results in a step-wise decline, initially disguised as
      an affective, neurotic or personality disorder, and further deteriorating into
      the well-known "dialysis dementia", with a variety of other clinical
      presentations in between. Additional research in the biological and psychosocial
      areas is needed to verify different aspects of these conditions, their validity
      in the context of the authors' hypothesis, and their relevance to the overall
      "quality of life" of chronic haemodialysis patients.

PMID- 3403203
TI  - Objective radiographic criteria to differentiate cardiac, renal, and injury lung
      edema.
AB  - To assess the value of the chest radiograph in differentiating various types of
      pulmonary edema, we retrospectively analyzed 119 films of patients with pulmonary
      edema caused by left heart decompensation (group 1;N = 56), renal failure (group
      2; N = 19), and lung microvascular injury (group 3; N = 44). Chest radiographs
      were examined independently by two trained observers, unaware of the clinical
      diagnosis, according to a standardized reading table. The two observers assigned
      chest films to the corresponding group with an accuracy of 86% and 90%,
      respectively. To test the observers' objectivity, we used radiographic findings
      as input variables for discriminant analysis. Computer-generated numerical
      functions identified pulmonary edema etiology with an accuracy of 88% when
      considering the three groups together. When groups were compared as pairs,
      percentages of correct classification were 91% (group 1 vs. group 2), 93% (group
      1 vs. group 3), and 100% (group 2 vs. group 3). Thus, a standardized reading of
      chest radiographs may be considered a reliable clinical method for identifying
      pulmonary edema etiology.

PMID- 3403204
TI  - Radiologic and pathologic patterns of end-plate-based vertebral sclerosis.
AB  - Degenerative spondyloarthropathy is the result of a number of related pathologic
      processes, including loss of disc elasticity, repetitive mild trauma, and
      osteoporosis. The effects are manifested microscopically in a number of patterns
      reflecting alterations in stress, healing microfractures, and bone-cartilage
      interactions along the vertebral end-plate. The microscopic changes lead in turn
      to radiographically evident vertebral body sclerosis. The resultant sclerosis is
      not always in the classic band-like pattern along the vertebral end-plate, and
      the atypical patterns may be difficult to recognize as degenerative in origin. In
      a detailed analysis of clinical and postmortem material, we have categorized both
      the pathologic and radiographic patterns of benign non-Pagetic vertebral body
      sclerosis. This radiographic classification provides a unified framework for
      clinical recognition of the various patterns of degenerative sclerosis.

PMID- 3403205
TI  - Size discrimination in computed tomographic images. Effects of feature contrast
      and display window.
AB  - Studies show that features on computed tomographic (CT) images in clinical
      formats become less detectable when the images are produced with wider CT display
      windows. We studied the effects of feature contrast and the display window on
      observer performance in higher-order tasks that involved discriminating small
      size differences between features on CT images. The features to be discriminated
      were pairs of disks (9.0 or 9.5 mm in diameter) superimposed on CT images of
      water phantoms. Sets of image stimuli for two different types of size
      discrimination tasks were generated with various CT contrasts specified for the
      superimposed features and were produced on film transparencies with display
      windows ranging from 90 to 2880 Hounsfield units (HU) in width. Observers'
      performance improved with increasing CT contrast in both size discrimination
      tasks. Unlike performance in feature-detection tasks, however, size
      discrimination was unaffected by changing the CT display window over a factor of
      16 (from 90 to 1440 HU). Performance fell only at the widest display window (2880
      HU), for which CT noise was essentially invisible. These results suggest that the
      effect of changing the CT display window may depend on the spatial frequency
      content of image information required for a given task.

PMID- 3403206
TI  - Contrast media-induced blood-brain barrier damage. Potentiation by hypertension.
AB  - Large doses of an ionic contrast medium (CM) can disrupt the blood brain barrier
      (BBB) osmotically. Acute hypertension (HT) also is known to open the BBB. We
      tested the hypothesis that these two factors potentiate each other in a rat
      model. Adult male Wistar rats, anesthetized with pentobarbital, underwent
      tracheostomy. An external carotid artery catheter was placed so that it opened
      into the patent common carotid artery; arterial blood pressure was recorded
      continuously. Of three groups of animals, two (HT) groups received metaraminol to
      elevate and maintain blood pressure in the range of 165 to 190 mm Hg. The third
      (normotensive) group received an equivalent volume of saline. Five minutes after
      injection of Evan's blue, either sodium/meglumine diatrizoate or saline was
      infused into the carotid cannula (2 mL in 30 seconds). Twenty minutes later the
      cardiovascular system was flushed with saline, and the brain was removed, frozen,
      and sectioned for gross and histofluorescent microscopic examination of BBB
      opening. The carotid injection of CM at a concentration of 1000 mosm/kg water did
      not produce gross evidence of BBB opening in the normotensive group. Similarly,
      hypertension at levels below 190 mm Hg did not produce gross evidence of opening
      in the carotid saline group. However, the combination of carotid CM and HT
      produced significant BBB opening. These results suggest that the risk factor of
      acute HT potentiates CM-induced BBB opening.

PMID- 3403207
TI  - Contrast media-induced ventricular fibrillation. A comparison of Hypaque-76,
      Hexabrix, and Omnipaque.
AB  - Contrast media occasionally produce ventricular fibrillation during coronary
      angiography. We compared the fibrillatory propensity of the conventional ionic
      contrast medium, Hypaque-76 (H76) to the low osmolar ionic dimer Hexabrix (HB)
      and to the nonionic agent Omnipaque (OM) in 20 open chest anesthetized dogs.
      Intracoronary injection of 6 mL of contrast medium produced spontaneous
      ventricular fibrillation in four of ten dogs with H76, compared with two of ten
      with HB, and zero of ten with OM (P = .07). The induction of two premature beats
      by programmed stimulation of the myocardium during injection of 4 mL of contrast
      medium produced ventricular fibrillation in ten of ten dogs with H76, compared
      with three of ten with HB, and zero of ten with OM (P less than .001). Both H76
      and HB produced ventricular fibrillation in ten of ten dogs when three premature
      beats were induced, compared with two of ten dogs with OM (P less than .001).
      Four mL H76 produced a 109 +/- 18 msec increase in the QT interval, compared with
      an 82 +/- 17 msec increase with HB, and a 45 +/- 12 msec increase with OM. We
      conclude that both low osmolar HB and OM are less fibrillatory than the
      conventional ionic medium H76, and that the nonionic medium OM is less
      fibrillatory than the ionic dimer contrast medium HB.

PMID- 3403209
TI  - Industrial research: a necessary evil or a blessing? Suggestions for avoiding
      pitfalls.

PMID- 3403208
TI  - Water-soluble contrast media compared with barium in enteric follow-through.
      Urinary excretion and radiographic efficacy in rats with intestinal ischemia.
AB  - The local effects and radiographic efficacy of four water-soluble contrast media,
      barium and saline were evaluated in 91 anesthetized rats with a ligature applied
      to the anterior mesenteric artery and vein via laparotomy. The rats were observed
      for 8 hours after instillation of 3 mL of test substance via oro-gastric tube.
      Radiographs were taken after 1, 4 and 8 hours of observation. After 8 hours, the
      intestines were weighed, a biopsy was done for light microscopy, and blood and
      urine were sampled for testing. The roentgen contrast media caused dehydration
      and increased influx of fluid into the small bowel lumen in proportion to their
      osmolality. They diluted the bowel contents, enhanced their progression and
      distended the bowel walls. The diagnostic qualities of radiographic films were
      better using the new, low-osmolal contrast media than using either barium or
      sodium diatrizoate. The water-soluble contrast media were excreted in the urine,
      as demonstrated by dense opacification of the urinary bladder on abdominal films,
      and increased iodine concentrations at x-ray fluorescence analysis of the urine.
      This may be useful clinically in detecting bowel ischemia.

PMID- 3403210
TI  - A new alliance.

PMID- 3403211
TI  - A protocol for verifying truth of diagnosis. Preliminary report.

PMID- 3403212
TI  - The use of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves analysis in the
      evaluation of the diagnostic efficiency of serum pseudouridine as a tumor marker.
AB  - The biochemical parameters used in this study were: (1) serum pseudouridine,
      expressed as nmols/mL; (2) pseudouridine index, expressed as mol to mol ratio of
      serum pseudouridine versus serum creatinine concentration. The receiver operating
      characteristic (ROC) analysis has been used to exemplify the selection of
      discriminant values or "cut-off points" to maximize the diagnostic utility of a
      biochemical tumor marker, serum pseudouridine. This marker has been used in a
      variety of group population samples, i.e., normal subjects, subjects affected by
      several nonneoplastic diseases, subjects with neoplastic disorders in less
      advanced or more advanced stages, and finally in a sample population of patients
      affected by lymphomas and leukemias of different types. An analysis of the
      relative ROC curves allowed the selection of cut-off values that maximize the
      diagnostic efficiency or, alternatively, the diagnostic sensitivity or the
      diagnostic specificity for pseudouridine parameters, and has allowed the
      comparison of the two tests to answer the same clinical question.

PMID- 3403213
TI  - Quantitation of electrophoretic eluted proteins.
AB  - Quantitation of stained, electroeluted proteins by the classical Lowry and
      Bradford protein assay is not possible because of some different interferences.
      In particular we have found that the substance interfering in the Lowry method
      cannot be removed by trichloroacetic acid precipitation nor can be compensated
      for by the appropriate blank. Interferences in the Bradford protein assay are due
      to detergents and pH of the protein buffer as well as to Coomassie brilliant blue
      R250 electroeluted with the protein sample. However, while these interferences
      can be compensated for by appropriate blank and standard curves, others (probably
      due to acrylamide fines) cannot be corrected. All these problems can be overcome
      by concentration and dialysis of electroeluted samples which permit the removal
      of interfering substances and the use of Bradford and Lowry protein assay in the
      1-20 micrograms range, respectively. Successful applications are described for
      electroeluted bovine serum albumin, human hexokinase and phosphoglucomutase.

PMID- 3403215
TI  - One year follow-up of patients clinically preselected for excessive risk of
      stroke.
AB  - From a consecutive series of 812 patients at risk of stroke we selected 100 who
      seemed to be at high risk (excessive stroke risk--ESR) on the following clinical
      criteria: either multiple reversible ischemic attacks in one carotid territory or
      multiple (or bilateral) severe stenotic carotid lesions. The patients of the
      first subgroup received medical therapy and those of the second were referred for
      surgery. The 100 patients were followed up for 12 months, during which 29
      patients had cerebral ischemic events: 17 having stroke and 12 TIA. This study
      suggests that it is possible to identify beforehand subgroups of ESR patients,
      thereby facilitating the selection of patients for brain protection and avoiding
      huge trials of unselected cerebrovascular patients.

PMID- 3403214
TI  - Age differences in contingent negative variation activity of healthy young adults
      and presenile subjects.
AB  - 20 selected right-handed very healthy subjects (10 young adults and 10 presenile
      subjects mean age 28.3 and 59.6) were tested for CNV activity with a simple
      warned reaction time (RT) paradigm. EEG and CNV components (post-S1, N1, P2, P3;
      early CNV; N1200; late CNV; CNV resolution) were recorded from Fz, C3, Cz, C4,
      P3, Pz, and P4 referenced to linked mastoid electrodes. EOG, RT and stimuli were
      also recorded. The presenile group differed significantly from the younger group
      in the auditory post-S1 N1 and P3, and in the early (O-wave) and late (P-wave)
      CNV complex components. A progressive amplitude reduction only in frontal leads
      between O-wave and P-wave with the lowest point being reached in the P-wave was
      characteristic in the presenile group. Further, presenile subjects showed
      relatively flat CNV waveshapes of low amplitude and, as a whole, performed a
      little less well than young persons. This finding suggests that the statistically
      significant changes in post-S1 EPRs and CNV activity recorded in our presenile
      subjects, without appreciable deficits in behavioral and mental performance,
      could be alerting signs of early brain involutional processes related to minimal
      and subclinical decrement of orienting, attentiveness and response preparation
      capabilities. If such is the case and it could be confirmed in a larger sample of
      very healthy subjects, these age-related changes in the presenium could be of
      considerable practical importance for clinical and research applications.

PMID- 3403216
TI  - Incidence of primary intracranial tumors in the province of Bolzano 1980-84.
AB  - 182 new cases of primary intracranial neoplasia were diagnosed in the province of
      Bolzano in the five years 1980-84, yielding a crude incidence of 8.4 cases per
      100.000 inhabitants per year. Histological verification was available in 86% of
      cases. The age-specific incidence rate is 7.9 in males and 9 in females and the
      most affected age group 60 to 64 years. The tumor incidence for Bolzano city is
      13.6 per 100.000 population per year compared with 6.8 per 100.000 for the rest
      of the province.

PMID- 3403217
TI  - Blood lymphocytes in neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis.
AB  - Ultrastructural examination of white blood cells of 8 patients with neuronal
      ceroid lipofuscinosis showed the characteristic cytosomes, i.e. curvilinear
      bodies, fingerprint profiles, osmiophilic bodies, as seen in nerve cells. The
      reliability of this simple technique in the diagnostic work-up of this
      progressive neurodegenerative disorder is emphasized.

PMID- 3403220
TI  - Primary central nervous system lymphoma: a case of long survival.
AB  - Despite combined treatment (surgery, radio--and chemotherapy) primary central
      nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) has generally a poor prognosis. Long surviving
      cases (more than 5 years) are exceptional. We report a case of a patient
      completely symptom-free 79 months after craniotomy. Histological diagnosis was
      diffuse centroblastic-centrocytic malignant lymphoma. Immunohistological study of
      the lesion was performed. Repeated CT scans reveal no tumor recurrence and
      screenings for extraneural disease remain negative. The prognostic value of tumor
      histology is emphasized.

PMID- 3403218
TI  - Peripheral pharmacokinetic parameters of levodopa/carbidopa and the on-off
      phenomenon in parkinsonian patients.
AB  - The principal peripheral pharmacokinetic parameters of the levodopa/carbidopa
      association were investigated in 11 healthy volunteers and in 16 patients at
      various stages of Parkinson disease, with and without the on-off phenomenon.
      After oral administration of a standard dose of drug (levodopa 250 mg + carbidopa
      25 mg) the peak plasma concentrations, peak onset time and area under the
      curve/time proved to be similar across the groups. There was no difference in
      peripheral pharmacokinetics of the association between parkinsonian patients with
      swings in response and those without.

PMID- 3403219
TI  - Effectiveness of azathioprine treatment in multiple sclerosis.
AB  - As the effectiveness of continuous azathioprine therapy in multiple sclerosis
      (MS) is still controversial, we have conducted a prospective trial of the drug (2
      mg/kg daily for at least 2 years) in patients with clinically definite MS, ie
      with remitting, remitting-progressive and progressive MS. At the end of an
      average 3-year follow-up 65% of the 40 patients with remitting-progressive had
      the same EDSS score as they had to start with. This was observed mainly in
      patients with longstanding MS and a high baseline EDSS. Of the 22 patients with a
      remitting course 77% showed no clinical deterioration and the annual relapse rate
      declined, although not significantly. In only one case did the remitting disease
      become remitting-progressive. Azathioprine would seem to have some efficacy in
      delaying the progression of remitting MS.

PMID- 3403221
TI  - Coexisting clinical and CT findings of progressive supranuclear palsy and normal
      pressure hydrocephalus. Case report.
AB  - We report the case of a patient presenting clinical symptoms and signs of
      progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH). CT
      revealed the findings typical of both PSP and NPH. The possible pathogenetic
      mechanisms of the coexistence of these two diseases are briefly discussed.

PMID- 3403222
TI  - Transient global amnesia and migraine.
AB  - Formal neuropsychological evaluation in patient with transient global amnesia
      (TGA) associated with migraine was performed 6 days and 17 months after the
      episode. Verbal learning difficulties and verbal IQ deficit were observed in line
      with the neuropsychological profile seen in the follow-up of TGA. A common origin
      for the TGA-Migraine episode and isolated TGA is discussed.

PMID- 3403223
TI  - Flunarizine-induced parkinsonism: clinical report.
AB  - We consider 24 cases of iatrogenic parkinsonism related to flunarizine,
      evaluating the clinical features of the syndrome and the improvement following
      withdrawal.

PMID- 3403224
TI  - IgA antigliadin antibodies in childhood celiac disease.
AB  - Serum IgA-antigliadin antibodies (SAGA) were measured by ELISA in 46 children
      with proven celiac disease (CD), in 52 children with probable CD, and in 85
      control subjects. Small intestinal biopsy was done within 3 months of the SAGA
      determination in all children. In the proven and probable CD groups, SAGA values
      were greater than 70 mu/ml in 76 of 82 biopsies that showed severe mucosal
      damage, but in only 4 of 31 with normal mucosa; thus specificity was 87.1% and
      sensitivity 92.7%. In the control group, only 12 of 85 children with normal
      biopsies had a similarly raised SAGA value. SAGA levels decreased significantly
      when a gluten-free diet was instituted, and rose to abnormal levels in most
      children on gluten challenge. IgA-SAGA can be used for monitoring dietary
      compliance during different phases of CD. Although it may help in selecting some
      children who are evaluated for the possibility of CD, for small intestinal
      biopsy, children with active CD may show negative SAGA values. The test should
      therefore not be used as the sole or final determining factor for the performance
      of small intestinal biopsy. In the proper clinical setting, a biopsy should be
      done, regardless of the SAGA results.

PMID- 3403225
TI  - Use of fetal cardiotocographic monitor in the evaluation of urinary incontinence.
AB  - Thirty-five women (mean age 52 years, mean parity 3) were evaluated consecutively
      for urinary incontinence. Stability of the bladder was evaluated by standing
      provocative water urethrocystometry, using a microtip pressure transducer and a
      multichannel electrophysiologic recorder. Cystometry was repeated immediately
      after emptying of the bladder. Second cystometry (standing provocative) was
      performed using a fetal cardiotocographic monitor for pressure recording. The
      simple cystometry (using the cardiotocograph technique) was very sensitive when
      evaluating women with a stable bladder (n = 25) and less sensitive when detecting
      bladder instability (n = 10). We conclude that the use of this simple technique
      is a viable option if urodynamic equipment is unavailable. There is no need for
      further evaluation in patients with findings of a stable bladder, but if bladder
      instability is detected, further in-depth evaluation is required.

PMID- 3403226
TI  - Bone marrow biopsy in multiple myeloma: a clinical pathological study.
AB  - Forty-two bone marrow aspirates and biopsies during follow-up examinations from
      patients with multiple myeloma were reviewed to determine whether the results
      correlate with the clinical state of the patient at the time of examination. The
      percentage of plasma cells on biopsy and aspiration, cytological immaturity,
      patterns of plasma cell infiltration, and the presence or absence of multiple
      lymphoid nodules and marked fibrosis were cross-tabulated with clinical
      parameters (hemoglobin levels, osteolytic lesions, and renal function).
      Hemoglobin levels less than 10 g/dl were more frequent in those with greater than
      70% plasma cells on either aspiration or biopsy (P less than 0.05). A nodular
      histological pattern on biopsy, however, had a higher correlation with hemoglobin
      levels less than 10 g/dl, and serum creatinine levels greater than 2 mg/dl, than
      did plasma cell number. The presence of lymphoid nodules correlated with less
      lytic bone lesions. The degree of fibrosis and plasma cell immaturity did not
      correlate with any of the clinical parameters. Our findings suggest that reports
      on bone biopsies should include in addition to the number of plasma cells, the
      pattern of plasma cell infiltration and the presence or absence of multiple
      lymphoid nodules.

PMID- 3403227
TI  - Myoglobinuric renal failure in a newborn after traumatic delivery.
AB  - Fetal and neonatal asphyxia is the main cause of transient or acute renal failure
      (ARF) in neonates. Rhabdomyolysis and subsequent myoglobinuria have been rarely
      reported in neonates. We describe a case of ARF in a newborn infant in whom
      asphyxia, birth trauma and hypovolemic shock precipitated rhabdomyolysis which
      contributed to ARF.

PMID- 3403228
TI  - Management of patients with pacemaker syndrome.

PMID- 3403229
TI  - Effect of different iron preparations on various tests for occult blood in feces.

PMID- 3403231
TI  - Delirium due to digoxin intoxication--a reminder.

PMID- 3403230
TI  - Problems of medical education in Israel.

PMID- 3403233
TI  - Lack of effect of cimetidine on indocyanine green extraction and clearance by the
      rat liver.

PMID- 3403232
TI  - Evaluation of the effectiveness of a structured breast-feeding promotion program
      integrated into a Maternal and Child Health service in Jerusalem.
AB  - A community program for promotion of breast-feeding integrated into the Maternal
      and Child Health (MCH) services is presented and evaluated, using two quasi
      experimental designs, comparison groups and time trends. The program, which began
      in 1981, included guidance from the 7th month of pregnancy to 6 months post
      delivery. An increase in the percentage of breast-feeding mothers and the
      duration of breast-feeding was noted in the post-intervention cohorts (1981-82
      and 1985) compared with the preintervention cohorts (1979-81). The comparison of
      the breast-feeding pattern of the 1985 birth cohort from the MCH service exposed
      to the program with a similar group receiving routine MCH care indicated that the
      percentage of mothers breast-feeding fully or partially was consistently higher
      among the intervention group compared with the control group at 4, 13 and 26
      weeks (P = 0.0045), and the mean duration of full breast-feeding was 9.3 weeks
      compared with 7.0 weeks (P = 0.028). The program had a greater effect on mothers
      with a lower educational standard, thus closing the gap in the breast-feeding
      pattern by educational level in the intervention group. The evaluation indicates
      that a structured breast-feeding promotion program is more effective than the
      routine guidance received in the MCH service.

PMID- 3403234
TI  - Autoimmune diseases: multiple factors involved in the etiology.

PMID- 3403235
TI  - Autoantibodies and the normal preimmune repertoire.

PMID- 3403236
TI  - Autoinflammatory response to self-antigens of lymphoblasts.

PMID- 3403238
TI  - Addiction nursing: an agenda for the 1990s.

PMID- 3403237
TI  - Annual meeting of the Israel Society for Microbiology. 8 to 9 February 1988, Tel
      Aviv, Israel. Abstracts of papers.

PMID- 3403239
TI  - Substance abuse among women: prevalence, patterns, and treatment issues.

PMID- 3403240
TI  - Recovery: a multidimensional process.

PMID- 3403241
TI  - Stress, social support, and self-esteem of young alcoholics in recovery.

PMID- 3403242
TI  - Humor: coping in recovery from addiction.

PMID- 3403243
TI  - Nursing students with alcoholic fathers: alcohol consumption and depressive
      symptoms.

PMID- 3403244
TI  - Patterns of alcohol use among nurse educators.

PMID- 3403246
TI  - Discharge from the hospital.

PMID- 3403245
TI  - Assisting the military impaired health-care provider: an advocacy program
      developed by the Army Medical Department.

PMID- 3403247
TI  - Awakening to the hepatitis B challenge in America.

PMID- 3403248
TI  - Elevated cholesterol: fact or fancy?

PMID- 3403249
TI  - New therapy for microangiopathic hemolytic anemia caused by cardiac valve
      prosthesis: a case report [correction of new therapy for cardiac valve prosthesis
      caused by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia: a case report].

PMID- 3403250
TI  - Apolipoproteins.

PMID- 3403251
TI  - Psychological assessment in tension headache before and after biofeedback
      treatment.

PMID- 3403252
TI  - Cognitive changes of migraineurs receiving biofeedback training.

PMID- 3403253
TI  - Prophylactic treatment of cluster headache with budipine.

PMID- 3403254
TI  - Hypothesis: a rationale for migraine.

PMID- 3403255
TI  - Arterial encroachment by an electrode as a cause of referred vascular headache.

PMID- 3403256
TI  - Sudden headache associated with unilateral asterixis.

PMID- 3403257
TI  - The effect of dopamine receptor agonists on prolactin secretion in childhood
      migraine.

PMID- 3403258
TI  - Complicated migraine.

PMID- 3403259
TI  - Internal ophthalmoplegia and migraine.

PMID- 3403260
TI  - [Rules for the writing of scientific papers with remarks on the art of
      composition and nomenclature].
AB  - Students and young scientists are often helpless when writing their first paper.
      The author has observed over a period of time that poor style, misuse of the
      German language and inappropriate dermatological terminology have crept in that
      should be eradicated. In this paper, an attempt is made to provide constructive
      advice on how to organize a manuscript and how to give it better form.

PMID- 3403261
TI  - [Active ingredients, pharmaceutic aids and efficacy of topical drugs].
AB  - In local therapy, in contrast to all other forms of therapy, the galenic vehicle
      or various so-called inactive ingredients can influence the efficacy of the
      preparations to a great extent. This means that when such drugs are licensed,
      i.e. when their efficacy and safety are investigated, the therapeutic effects of
      the total compound under clinical conditions should form the basis for judgement,
      and not the pharmacological profile of the active substance alone. Taking these
      point into consideration, the value of application in phases, vehicle tolerance
      and the therapeutic properties of inactive ingredients, as compared with active
      ingredients, are assessed in relation to the range of indications of drugs. In
      this connection, the efficacy of generic products and the declaration of so
      called inactive ingredients are discussed.

PMID- 3403262
TI  - [Scleromyxedema: immunosuppressive therapy with cyclophosphamide].
AB  - A 59-year-old male with scleromyxedema showed lichenoid papules over the large
      joints and buttocks; excessive skin folds, and generalized sclerosis of the skin
      similar to scleroderma; myopathy and arthritis; cardiovascular and
      cerebrovascular disease; and an abnormal monoclonal IgG-type protein in the
      serum. The progression of the disease, lack of established therapeutic modalities
      and the pronounced systemic involvement in this condition suggested a therapeutic
      trial employing monthly high-dose i.v. cyclophosphamide pulse therapy, together
      with low-dose prednisone on alternate days. The results were excellent and both
      subjective and objective symptoms improved dramatically. Controls performed at
      regular time intervals during a follow-up period of 12 months have failed to
      reveal any recurrence of the disease.

PMID- 3403264
TI  - [Kaposiform angiodermatitis (pseudo-Kaposi's disease) on an amputation stump. A
      new entity].
AB  - Kaposiform cutaneous lesions were observed on the amputation stump of a 65-year
      old male whose leg had been amputated above the knee. Histological examination
      revealed pronounced stasis dermatitis. This finding, together with phlebectasias
      and fine arborized cutaneous varices on the stump end, suggested that the
      pathogenesis may involve venous congestion. This may be caused by suction in the
      prosthesis socket and compression of the stump at the socket edge.

PMID- 3403263
TI  - [Cholesterol embolization following anticoagulant treatment].
AB  - A 65-year-old female patient with pulmonary embolism developed widespread,
      extremely painful hemorrhagic necroses of the skin and subcutaneous tissue of the
      lower extremities 5 weeks after initiation of anticoagulation therapy. Due to the
      clinical and histopathologic findings and the course of the disease, a diagnosis
      of cholesterol embolization was made. The characteristic features of this
      clinical entity and differential diagnostic considerations are discussed.

PMID- 3403265
TI  - [Mali's acroangiodermatitis (pseudo-Kaposi) in paralyzed legs].
AB  - The cases are reported of two patients afflicted with acroangiodermatitis (pseudo
      kaposi) in paralysed legs. From the pathogenetic point of view, the lack of a
      muscle pump and, possibly, disturbed innervation of vessels are of importance.

PMID- 3403266
TI  - [Roentgen ray-induced pemphigus vulgaris].
AB  - The pemphigus vulgaris lesions first developed in a 70-year-old man as a reaction
      to superficial X-ray treatment of solar keratoses on the forehead.

PMID- 3403267
TI  - [Acrokeratoelastoidosis].
AB  - The differential diagnosis and classification of acrokeratoelastoidosis, a
      relatively rare disorder, may cause difficulties. The authors therefore report
      the case of a 25-year-old male patient with characteristic clinical and
      histological signs of the disorder.

PMID- 3403268
TI  - [Allergic vasculitis caused by food allergy].
AB  - In two patients with leukocytoclastic vasculitis allergic reactions to foods were
      shown to be of clinical relevance. Intracutaneous tests with food allergens
      produced not only immediate wheal and flare reactions but also distinct
      inflammatory reactions after 8-24 h, which showed the histological and
      immunopathological characteristics of leukocytoclastic vasculitis. After
      controlled oral provocation with specific foods exacerbation of petechial lesions
      was observed. A striking improvement in the patients' condition was achieved by
      avoidance of the relevant foods and oral administration of cromoglycate.

PMID- 3403269
TI  - [Vaccinia inoculata].
AB  - A case of vaccinia inoculata in a 58-year-old woman with a bullous lesion on the
      left cheek is reported. The diagnosis was established by reference to her
      professional background and by electron microscopy (negative staining method).

PMID- 3403271
TI  - [Chloroquine retinopathy: preventable by monitoring the maximum daily dose].
AB  - Decisive for the development of chloroquine retinopathy is not the total
      cumulative dose. Recent findings indicate that retinopathy develops if daily
      dosages are too high. Therefore, daily dosages of 4 mg chloroquine/kg ideal body
      weight and 6.5 mg hydroxychloroquine/kg body weight, respectively, should not be
      exceeded. If these maximum daily dosages are observed, long-term therapy over
      periods of months or even years seems to be safe.

PMID- 3403272
TI  - [Immunohistological studies of immune dermatoses on reconstituted paraffin
      sections. Value and comparison of different methods].
AB  - In a study on 26 patients with autoimmune diseases the immunostaining for
      immunoglobulins and complement in frozen sections was compared with that in
      formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded sections. The formalin-fixed material of
      pemphigus vulgaris, lupus erythematosus, bullous pemphigoid, and dermatitis
      herpetiformis (Duhring's disease) was reconstituted and stained by means of the
      standard two-step technique (TST), the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique (PAP),
      and the streptavidin-biotin method (SAB). In comparison with frozen sections,
      immunoglobulins and complement could also be demonstrated in formalin-fixed
      sections in all cases of pemphigus vulgaris and in 85% of cases of discoid lupus
      erythematosus, but in only 60% of cases of bullous pemphigoid or Duhring's
      disease. PAP and SAB proved to be about equally reliable, but TST was
      significantly less dependable.

PMID- 3403270
TI  - [Benign familial chronic pemphigus and pityriasis rosea. Clinical aspects and
      histology of the coexistence of both dermatoses].
AB  - We report the course of benign familial pemphigus (Hailey-Hailey disease) in a 45
      year-old woman. While this condition was in remission the patient started to
      suffer from pityriasis rosea. A biopsy of this coexisting dermatosis revealed the
      typical features of Hailey-Hailey disease (suprabasal acantholysis) and of
      pityriasis rosea within the same lesion.

PMID- 3403273
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of Osler's telangiectasia and the CREST syndrome:
      significance of centromere antibodies].
AB  - The case of a 75-year-old female patient with angiomas and telangiectasia of the
      face and fingers mimicking Osler's disease (telangiectasia hereditaria
      hemorrhagica) is reported, in whom the presence of anticentromere antibodies and
      additional clinical signs led to the final diagnosis of CREST syndrome.

PMID- 3403274
TI  - Hospital profitability and capital structure: a comparative analysis.
AB  - This article compares the financial performance of hospitals by ownership type
      and of five publicly traded hospital companies with other industries, using such
      indicators as profit margins, return on equity (ROE) and total capitalization,
      and debt-to-equity ratios. We also examine stock returns to investors for the
      five hospital companies versus other industries, as well as the relative roles of
      debt and equity in new financing. Investor-owned hospitals had substantially
      greater margins and ROE than did other hospital types. In 1982, investor-owned
      chain hospitals had a ROE of 26 percent, 18 points above the average for all
      hospitals. Stock returns on the five selected hospital companies were more than
      twice as large as returns on other industries between 1972 and 1983. However,
      after 1983, returns for these companies fell dramatically in absolute terms and
      relative to other industries. We also found investor-owned hospitals to be much
      more highly levered than their government and voluntary counterparts, and more
      highly levered than other industries as well.

PMID- 3403275
TI  - Why we know so little about prenatal care nationwide: an assessment of required
      methodology.
AB  - Policymakers, advocates, providers, recipients, and health services researchers
      all would agree that too little is known about the nature and effects of specific
      components of prenatal care. In the process of designing a national, longitudinal
      study of pregnancy and childbirth, we surfaced some methodological dilemmas that
      help to explain why so little is known. This article explores two of the major
      problems: (1) selecting a valid scientific sample of pregnant women and (2)
      collecting data from providers and women. From this analysis, seven
      methodological questions, which should be investigated through empirical field
      studies, are identified. Those field studies are essential if future research
      into the content of prenatal care is to achieve an acceptable level of
      methodological rigor.

PMID- 3403276
TI  - A multistage model of hospital bed requirements.
AB  - This article presents a model for projecting future hospital bed requirements,
      based on clinical judgment and basic probability theory. Clinical judgment is
      used to define various categories of care, including a category for patients who
      are inappropriately hospitalized, for a large teaching hospital with a heavy
      indigent and psychiatric workload. Survey results and discharge abstract data are
      then used to calculate expected discharges and patient days for each clinical
      category. These expected discharges and patient days are converted into estimated
      bed requirements using a simple deterministic equation. Results of this
      multistage model are compared with the results obtained from exercising the
      simple deterministic equation alone. Because the multistage model removes
      patients from the hospital if they are deemed inappropriately placed, this model
      results in the projection of 5.1 percent fewer hospital beds than the simple
      deterministic equation alone.

PMID- 3403277
TI  - Locational and population factors in health care-seeking behavior in Savannah,
      Georgia.
AB  - The use of regular sources of health care by a sample of residents of Chatham
      County, Georgia was examined through an analysis of the interactions among
      distance, sociodemographic, locational, and activity-space factors. Health care
      facilities were concentrated near downtown Savannah. Distance from home to
      regular source of care was a relatively more important factor for inner-city
      residents than for suburban or urban fringe residents. There were no clear
      differences by race, sex, age, occupation, or length of stay at present residence
      in the relative importance of distance. Strong associations were found between
      distance-to-care measures and measures of daily-activity spaces. Urban ecological
      structure appeared to play a more important role in health care-seeking behavior
      than did the personal characteristics of individuals in this small metropolitan
      area.

PMID- 3403278
TI  - [Swiss Society of Surgery. 74th annual meeting. 7-9 May, 1987, Lugano. 2].

PMID- 3403279
TI  - [Swiss Society of Surgery. 74th annual meeting. 7-9 May 1987. Lugano. 3.
      Amputation].

PMID- 3403280
TI  - [Determination of amputation sites].

PMID- 3403281
TI  - [Amputation of the forefoot].

PMID- 3403282
TI  - [Amputations of the posterior part of the foot].

PMID- 3403283
TI  - [Amputation at mid-leg].

PMID- 3403284
TI  - [Amputation in the area of the hip].

PMID- 3403285
TI  - [Amputation of the extremities. Postoperative care].

PMID- 3403286
TI  - [Fitting prostheses in amputations of the forefoot and posterior foot and in the
      area of the tibia].

PMID- 3403287
TI  - [Disorders of wound healing and secondary amputations].

PMID- 3403288
TI  - [Principles of prosthetic management in arm amputations].

PMID- 3403289
TI  - [Procedure in amputation of the upper arm, elbow exarticulation and forearm
      amputation].

PMID- 3403290
TI  - [Amputations in the area of the shoulder--special technics for arm stumps].

PMID- 3403291
TI  - [Modification of the serum level of cefamandole by massive volume replacement].

PMID- 3403293
TI  - [Disorders of sensation following inguinal hernia operations].

PMID- 3403292
TI  - [Hospital epidemic caused by a methicillin-, gentamycin- and tobramycin-resistant
      Staphylococcus aureus].

PMID- 3403294
TI  - [Post-traumatic brain abscess as a complication of cranio-cerebral trauma. A
      retrospective analysis].

PMID- 3403295
TI  - [Esophageal and cardial cancers: closed abdomino-cervical or thoraco-abdominal
      resection?].

PMID- 3403296
TI  - [Surgery of unsatisfactory results following antireflux operations].

PMID- 3403297
TI  - [Long-term results following fundoplication].

PMID- 3403298
TI  - Ultrastructural cytochemistry of the nucleolus in rat oocytes at the end of the
      folliculogenesis.
AB  - Various ultrastructural changes occur during follicular growth in the rat oocyte
      nucleolus. The nucleolus, which has a reticulated fibrillogranular structure at
      the primordial and primary follicle stages, becomes entirely compact and is made
      up of a conspicuous and homogeneous mass at the antral follicle stage. In order
      to define the nature and the functions of this homogeneous mass, cytochemical
      methods allowing detection of nucleic acids, proteins and lipids were performed
      at the light microscopic and ultrastructural levels. The results obtained suggest
      that this nucleolar mass is probably composed of acid proteins which are not
      silver stained. This proteinaceous mass could be a special kind of nucleolar
      secretion providing material for meiotic resumption in the oocyte. Cytochemical
      researches now in progress should supply new information concerning the exact
      nature and the role of the nucleolar compact mass, which is the essential
      nucleolar component at the antral follicle stage and which really plays a role in
      the nucleolus in the first stages of embryogenesis.

PMID- 3403299
TI  - Study of RNA distribution in the nucleolar components of Ehrlich cell using RNase
      gold method.
AB  - The RNA distribution in Ehrlich tumour cell nucleoli has been investigated using
      RNase-gold method. This technique has been applied to sections of cells prepared
      under various fixation and embedding conditions. As expected, the specificity and
      intensity of labelling by gold particles have varied according to the
      experimental conditions used. Interestingly, however, it has been noted that the
      localization of gold particles does also vary and in particular within the
      fibrillar centre. This observation underlines the interest of assaying the RNase
      gold complex under various conditions. The gold particles were particularly
      concentrated over the granular component and to a lesser extent, in the dense
      fibrillar component. In the latter constituent, it has been noted that the gold
      markers were preferentially localized at the edge of the dense fibrils.
      Surprisingly, a few gold particles have also been detected in the fibrillar
      centres. The weak labelling has persisted even after pepsin or DNase extraction
      but has completely disappeared after RNase extraction. Further, an inhibition of
      rRNA synthesis by a treatment with actinomycin D has not produced a significant
      decrease of the number of gold particles present in the fibrillar centre. These
      results suggest that fibrillar centres contain a small amount of RNA which would
      not correspond to pre-rRNA.

PMID- 3403300
TI  - Glycogen synthesis via the indirect gluconeogenic pathway in the periportal and
      via the direct glucose utilizing pathway in the perivenous zone of perfused rat
      liver.
AB  - The isolated liver from 24 h fasted rats was perfused in a non-recirculating
      manner in the ortho- and retrograde direction with erythrocyte-containing (20%
      v/v) media to provide adequate oxygenation of the liver. Glucose and/or
      gluconeogenic precursors were added as substrates. Glycogen formation was
      determined biochemically and demonstrated histochemically. With glucose as the
      sole exogenous substrate glycogen was deposited in the perivenous area, with
      gluconeogenic precursors it was formed in the periportal zone during ortho- and
      retrograde flow. When glucose and gluconeogenic compounds were offered together,
      glycogen was deposited in both zones. The results corroborate the model of
      metabolic zonation predicting that periportal glycogen is synthesized indirectly
      from gluconeogenic precursors while perivenous glycogen is formed directly from
      glucose.

PMID- 3403301
TI  - Immunocytochemical localization of actin and tubulin in rat testis and
      spermatozoa.
AB  - Using commercial monoclonal antibodies against actin and tubulin (alpha and
      beta), the respective antigens were localized on semithin and ultrathin sections
      of the rat testis. Tubulin immunofluorescence was found in the socalled manchette
      surrounding the heads of the maturating spermatids as well as the sperm tail. The
      distribution pattern varied with sperm development. Modified Sertoli cells found
      at the transition between the seminiferous tubules and the rete testis displayed
      much filamentous tubulin-reactive material. The immunofluorescence findings could
      be confirmed at the ultrastructural level using the indirect immunogold method.
      Actin immunofluorescence was demonstrated in vascular smooth muscle cells,
      interstitial macrophages and - most intensely - in peritubular cells. Inside the
      seminiferous tubules the Sertoli cell junctions and the ectoplasmic
      specializations of the Sertoli cells that follow the outer contour of spermatid
      heads displayed distinct actin immunofluorescence. In addition to the locations
      mentioned, actin-like immunoreactivity was visualized at the ultrastructural
      level in the chromatoid body and the subacrosomal space of spermatids as well as
      on the outer dense fibers of the sperm tail. Immunoblotting experiments with
      actin antibodies showed that in extracts from testicular spermatozoa, intact or
      fragmented into heads and tails, from isolated Sertoli cells grown in vitro, and
      from testis tissue in addition to authentic actin a protein was present in sperm
      tail extracts that strongly bound the actin antibody. This protein may be an
      actin-related protein and may be responsible for the actin-like immunoreactivity
      of the outer dense fibers of the sperm tail.

PMID- 3403302
TI  - Effect of collidine (2,4,6-trimethylpyridine) on rat pineal gland and vas
      deferens nerves. Further evidence for a monoamine-releasing effect.
AB  - In previous work of our laboratory it was demonstrated that collidine (2,4,6
      trimethylpyridine) abolishes the core osmiophilia and chromaffin reaction from
      rat pinal gland and vas deferens nerves. This abolition was apparent when tissues
      were briefly incubated in collidine or when they wer fixed in glutaraldehyde or
      osmium tetroxide using collidine as a buffer substance. These and other results
      strongly suggested that the histochemical effect of collidine was due to
      depletion of monoamines stored in the vesicles core. To examine this hypothesis
      we studied in this work the effect of collidine on tissues that have taken up
      tritiated noradrenaline. It was found that tritium was released very rapidly to
      the incubation medium when collidine was applied to fresh tissues. This effect
      was not observed with other commonly used buffers such as cacodylate or
      phosphate. It was also found that tritium release also occurred, although to a
      lesser extent, when tissues were fixed in glutaraldehyde or osmium tetroxide
      using collidine as a buffer, and this release was not significant when collidine
      was applied to previously fixed tissues. Paper chromatographic analysis showed
      that the radioactive compound(s) extracted from tissues by collidine corresponded
      to noradrenaline and/or closely related compounds. An abstract of this work was
      sent to the 17th Annual Meeting of the Society for Neuroscience, New Orleans, Nov
      16-21, 1987. Tomsig J.L. and Pellegrino de Iraldi A. Abstract 369-11.

PMID- 3403303
TI  - Acute effects of methyl bromide on electroencephalographic activity and sleep
      wakefulness in rats.

PMID- 3403304
TI  - Differential determination of nickel (II) oxide and nickel (III) oxide in
      airborne particulate substances.

PMID- 3403305
TI  - Increased water drinking following repeated exposures to toluene vapor in rats.

PMID- 3403306
TI  - Determination of airborne arsine by adsorption sampling with synthetic resin
      active carbon and graphite furnace AAS.

PMID- 3403308
TI  - Valence states of plasma chromium in rats after intraperitoneal administration of
      sodium chromate.

PMID- 3403307
TI  - Relationship between exposure to toluene and excretion of urinary metabolites in
      Korean female solvent workers.

PMID- 3403309
TI  - Treatment of breast cancer among elderly women with segmental mastectomy or
      segmental mastectomy plus postoperative radiotherapy.
AB  - Elderly women with cancer are often treated non-aggressively. Between January
      1972 and March 1984, 128 women greater than 60 years were treated for Stage I or
      II breast cancer with segmental mastectomy (SGM) plus/minus postoperative
      radiation at one of our four area hospitals. Whereas 82% of similar patients less
      than 60 years were referred for postop radiation, only 39.8% of patients greater
      than 60 were so referred. Referral rates progressively diminished with increasing
      patient age above 60. Thus, we reviewed the outcome of 77 elderly women treated
      with SGM and 51 treated with SGM+RT. Treatment groups were similar with regard to
      prognostic clinical and histologic parameters. Mean follow-up is 51.4 months.
      Among SGM patients, 45.5% of patients between 60-70 years, 37.9% of those greater
      than 70, and 20% of those greater than 80 years experienced loco/regional failure
      prior to death. Conversely, only two local failures occurred among all elderly
      women treated with SGM+RT. Distant failure was approximately 11% and was
      unaffected by treatment. Complications of SGM+RT were modest. These data suggest
      that SGM+RT can be safely and effectively applied to the elderly. Moreover, the
      data suggests that postop radiation may be more beneficial when extended to
      elderly patients post segmental mastectomy than among younger women. Referring
      surgeons should focus upon their patients' physiologic and not chronologic age as
      a basis for treatment allocation decisions.

PMID- 3403310
TI  - Mammary recurrences in women younger than forty.
AB  - The crude mammary recurrence rate was studied in 5-year age intervals for 1,382
      Stage I and II breast cancer patients treated by conservative surgery and
      radiation therapy and followed for a median of 11 years. Patients younger than 40
      had a significantly higher local recurrence rate (41/210, 19%) than did older
      patients (106/1172, 9%). The majority of excess recurrences in the younger
      patients occurred early, with recurrence rates between 5 and 10 years being equal
      for the 2 age groups. A comparison of the clinical characteristics of the patient
      groups yielded no obvious explanation for the higher local recurrence rate in the
      younger patients, and 15-year cancer-specific survival was identical. Within the
      younger age group, recurrence rate was independent of clinical tumor size, and
      was unaffected by adjuvant treatment. Young patients with positive axillary nodes
      or negative hormone receptors appear to be at particularly high risk for mammary
      failure. Despite this apparent correlation with biologic aggressiveness, the 41
      patients with mammary recurrence experienced long-term survival from time of
      primary treatment which was not significantly worse than that of patients not
      having had local recurrence. For 37 patients with operable mammary recurrence,
      the 10-year survival from time of salvage surgery was 64%.

PMID- 3403311
TI  - Treatment results of intracranial germinoma as a function of the irradiated
      volume.
AB  - Between 1962 and 1986, 70 patients were treated with radiation for confirmed or
      suspected intracranial germinoma at our hospital. The diagnosis was based on
      histology in 30 cases, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology in 12 cases, and on
      clinical and radiological findings in the remaining 28 cases. The target of
      radiation was the primary tumor site in 34 cases (Group A), the entire neuraxis
      in 22 cases (Group B), the whole brain in 4 cases (Group C), and the ventricle
      plus spine in 6 cases (Group D). Four patients were not included in the above
      groups for various reasons. The average radiation dose was 50-55 Gy to the tumor,
      30 Gy to the whole brain, and 24 Gy to the spinal axis. The 5- and 10-year
      survival rates of the 68 primary cases in which radiotherapy was completed were
      86% and 79%, respectively. The survival and relapse-free survival rates for the
      above 4 groups did not differ significantly, although slightly better results
      were seen in Groups B and C. Five cases in Groups A and D developed intracranial
      recurrence, 4 adjacent to the primary site but 1 distant from it, whereas no
      intracranial recurrence was found in the whole-brain-treated groups (B and C).
      One patient in Group B developed spinal metastasis, which was possibly due to
      inadequate radiation fields, and another in Group B developed abdominal
      metastasis via the shunt tube. Craniospinal irradiation should be administered to
      the patients with demonstrated meningeal seeding or with a positive CSF cytology.
      For cytology-negative cases with no evident metastasis, irradiation of the tumor
      plus a wide margin is usually sufficient, but craniospinal irradiation should be
      considered when the disease extends along the ventricular walls or is present in
      both pineal and suprasellar regions.

PMID- 3403312
TI  - Radiotherapy of primary intracranial germinomas: the case against routine
      craniospinal irradiation.
AB  - A retrospective study was performed on all patients with biopsy-proven
      intracranial germinomas and unbiopsied suprasellar or pineal region tumors
      treated during the past 30 years in the Department of Radiation Oncology,
      University of California, San Francisco. A total of 33 patients were treated: 13
      with biopsy-proven germinomas, and 20 others who were unbiopsied. All patients
      were treated with megavoltage equipment; total dose varied between 40-55 Gy. Only
      two patients were treated with prophylactic spinal irradiation. No patient
      received initial or adjuvant chemotherapy. Follow-up times for biopsy-proven
      patients ranged from 0.5 to 16.7 years with a median 5.3 years. No biopsy-proven
      patient had a recurrence of the tumor or died; thus, actuarial relapse-free and
      determinate survivals at 5 years were 100%. Although only one patient in this
      group received prophylactic spinal irradiation, no patient failed in the spinal
      axis. The 20 unbiopsied patients had follow-up times ranging from 0.1 to 27.5
      years with a median of 5.5 years. Six unbiopsied patients died: two from
      recurrent disease at the primary site, one from distant peritoneal metastases,
      two from complications of treatment, and one from intercurrent disease. For this
      group, actuarial relapse-free survival at 5 years was 72%; the corresponding
      determinate survival was 73%. Nineteen unbiopsied patients were treated without
      craniospinal irradiation. Only one developed spinal metastases. The results from
      this and other series indicate that the risk of spinal metastases from
      intracranial germinoma is too low to warrant routine prophylactic spinal
      irradiation. However, patients with gross tumor spill causing contamination of
      the CSF, malignant CSF cytology, or documented subependymal or subarachnoid
      metastases presumably are at higher risk for leptomeningeal failure. Craniospinal
      irradiation is recommended for these patients.

PMID- 3403313
TI  - The meningioma controversy: postoperative radiation therapy.
AB  - Total surgical excision is the main goal of therapy for intracranial meningiomas.
      The controversy today involves the efficacy of postoperative radiation therapy.
      To evaluate this question, 132 patients with benign intracranial meningiomas,
      treated between October 1964 and April 1985, were evaluated. All patients had a
      minimum 2-year follow-up. The actuarial local control rates at 10 years for the
      three treatment groups were as follows: subtotal excision alone, 18%; subtotal
      excision plus postoperative radiation therapy, 82%; and total excision alone,
      77%. The actuarial determinate survival rates at 10 years were 49%, 81%, and 93%,
      respectively. Postoperative radiation therapy was also effective for patients
      treated at the time of the first recurrence, with an actuarial local control rate
      at 10 years after salvage treatment of 30% for patients treated with surgery
      alone and 89% for patients receiving postoperative radiation therapy at the time
      of salvage. This analysis suggests that radiation therapy has a significant role
      in the treatment of subtotally excised and recurrent intracranial meningiomas.

PMID- 3403314
TI  - Radiotherapy in the treatment of pituitary adenomas.
AB  - Between 1970 and 1985, 145 patients were treated for pituitary adenomas and 126
      patients were available for analysis. Sixty patients were treated with surgery
      alone (Group I), 54 were treated with surgery and radiation therapy (Group II),
      and 12 received irradiation only without tissue diagnosis (Group III). Extent of
      tumor was evaluated by CT scan, PEG, and surgical reports. There were 22
      microadenomas in Group I and only 1 microadenoma in Group II. The mean follow-up
      was 6.4 years, 85% (51/60) of patients in Group I, 93% of patients in Group II,
      and only 50% of those treated with irradiation alone achieved tumor control. With
      subsequent salvage treatment, overall tumor control in Group I was 97%. The mean
      time to recurrence was 3.7 years (Group I), 4.5 years (Group II), and 4 years
      (Group III). In summary, combined treatment is effective to decrease the chance
      of local recurrence of pituitary adenomas. Nevertheless, because of successful
      salvage treatment after surgical failure, overall outcome is similar. Without
      persistent symptom after surgery or large residual tumor in or near the critical
      structures, postoperative irradiation can be deferred until tumor regrowth.

PMID- 3403316
TI  - Total abdominal and pelvic radiotherapy in the management of early stage ovarian
      carcinoma.
AB  - In a prospective study, 57 women with early stage ovarian carcinoma received
      total abdominal and pelvic radiotherapy (TAPR) following radical surgery. The
      whole abdomen received 22.5 Gy m.p.d. by large opposed fields in 18 fractions
      over 4 1/2 weeks, with 8 MeV X rays, followed by a further 22.5 Gy in 10
      fractions over 2 weeks to the pelvis alone, using a dosage and technique similar
      to that described from the Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto. The actuarial 5
      year relapse-free and overall survival figures were 49 and 57% respectively,
      which appear to be significantly worse than those reported from Toronto (73% and
      75%). The incidence of severe bowel toxicity (7%) was higher. There was no
      correlation between survival and FIGO stage at laparotomy, but a significant
      correlation with histological grade. These data do not seem to support the idea
      of a "curative" role for post-operative irradiation at this dosage in these
      patients.

PMID- 3403315
TI  - Vision following helium ion radiotherapy of uveal melanoma: a Northern California
      Oncology Group study.
AB  - One hundred eighty-six uveal melanoma patients were treated with helium ion
      radiotherapy at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and followed for at least 6 months.
      (Follow-up times ranged from 6 to 90 months; median 26.4 months.) At last
      examination, 92 of 186 patients (49%) had visual acuity of 20/200 or better in
      the treated eye. Univariate statistical analysis revealed that post-treatment
      vision correlated with tumor size, distance between tumor and optic disc,
      distance between tumor and fovea, pretreatment visual acuity, dose delivered to
      the optic disc, and dose delivered to the fovea (p less than .05). Neither the
      maximum tumor dose nor site of tumor origin (ciliary body vs. choroid) correlated
      with post-treatment vision on a univariate basis. However, multivariate
      statistical analysis revealed that the strongest independent risk factors
      influencing vision outcome (p less than .05) were tumor size, pretreatment visual
      acuity, tumor-fovea distance, and maximum tumor dose. Neither the fovea dose nor
      the dose to optic disc appeared to significantly affect vision outcome when other
      variables were taken into account. These results suggest that post-treatment
      visual acuity of 20/200 or better can be achieved in one-half of uveal melanoma
      patients treated using helium ion irradiation. Several independent risk factors
      affecting vision outcome have been identified.

PMID- 3403317
TI  - Hypofractionation reduces the therapeutic ratio in early glottic carcinoma.
AB  - From 1969-1985 two types of fractionation schedules with similar time, dose, and
      fractionation factor (TDF) values were used to treat 197 patients with Tis, T1,
      and T2 squamous cell carcinoma of the vocal cord. One hundred and thirty-one
      patients were treated with conventional daily 2.0 Gy fractions, and 66 patients
      were treated once per week with large (5.5-6.6 Gy) fractions (hypofractionated
      group); both groups were treated over a period of approximately 6 weeks. The
      local failure and complication rates for patients completing treatment in the two
      groups were compared; a patient was regarded as having suffered a serious
      complication of treatment if laryngectomy or tracheostomy had to be performed in
      the absence of active disease, or if antibiotics and/or corticosteroids had to be
      prescribed for laryngeal oedema and/or necrosis. In patients with Tis and T1
      disease, the failure rate was worse in the hypofractionated group than in the
      conventionally treated group (p = 0.06). In the smaller group of T2 patients, no
      significant difference was found in the failure rates between the hypo- and
      conventionally fractionated groups. Complication rates were similar in Tis/T1 and
      T2 patients, but significantly higher in the hypofractionated group (p less than
      0.001). Neither stage nor fractionation schedule had an effect on survival, but
      laryngectomy/tracheostomy free survival was significantly worse in Tis/T1
      patients receiving hypofractionated treatment, (p = 0.008) although not in T2
      patients. These results indicate that in Tis/T1 glottic cancer, hypofractionation
      of radiotherapy produces a reduction in the therapeutic ratio.

PMID- 3403318
TI  - Radiation, methotrexate, and white matter necrosis: laboratory evidence for
      neural radioprotection with preirradiation methotrexate.
AB  - To investigate the interactions between methotrexate (MTX) and irradiation of the
      central nervous system, adult rats were infused with MTX via the lateral cerebral
      ventricle either before, during, or following single fraction irradiation to the
      cervical spine. Single doses ranging from 1600 cGy to 3200 cGy were administered
      and the dose-response curve for forelimb paralysis was compared with that seen in
      irradiated animals which did not receive MTX. There was no effect on the dose
      response curve when MTX was administered simultaneously with or following
      irradiation compared to radiation alone. When MTX was given prior to irradiation,
      however, the entire dose-response curve shifted in the direction of
      radioprotection by approximately 225 cGy. Histopathologic examinations were
      consistent with this observation, with animals pretreated with methotrexate
      demonstrating significantly less white matter necrosis than observed in untreated
      controls. Protection of normal CNS tissue from radionecrosis, and from the
      associated paralysis, may be achieved with preradiation methotrexate.

PMID- 3403319
TI  - Biodistribution studies of anti-Thy 1.2 IgM immunoconjugates: implications for
      radioimmunotherapy.
AB  - We have prepared 111In radioimmunoconjugates (RICs) of the IgM isotype with
      specificity for the murine T cell/neuroectodermal surface antigen, Thy 1.2. Using
      gamma camera immunoscintigraphy, we have analyzed the biodistribution patterns of
      the RICs after intravenous and intraperitoneal injection into normal Thy 1.2+ and
      Thy 1.2- mice. Both routes of administration show antigen-specific uptake by the
      splenic T lymphocyte population. A high degree of nonspecific uptake by the
      reticuloendothelial system is also observed. Analysis of the specific activity of
      various segments of spleens from RIC-injected animals shows inhomogeneous uptake
      of the RIC not readily apparent by immunoscintigraphy. Animals injected with the
      RIC and then given high dose total body irradiation showed rapid shifts in
      radionuclide distribution away from the target cell population and into the
      general reticuloendothelial system, suggesting that death of the target cell can
      alter RIC biodistribution. Analyses of RIC biodistribution patterns will
      contribute to optimization of treatment by radioimmunotherapy.

PMID- 3403320
TI  - Mathematical modelling of oxygen supply and oxygenation in tumor tissues:
      prognostic, therapeutic, and experimental implications.
AB  - Radiation response of some tumors is dependent on the oxygenation of the tumor
      tissue. To improve tissue oxygenation, attempts to increase a reduced hemoglobin
      concentration or to shift the dissociation curve of hemoglobin have been made.
      The aim of this paper is to estimate the influence of such measures on the volume
      of radiobiologically hypoxic tissue by means of a mathematical model. In
      addition, the influence of blood velocity and metabolic status of tumor tissues
      on tissue oxygenation is evaluated. The calculations show a strong influence on
      hypoxic tissue volume over a modest range of variation of physiological
      parameters, especially when interactions of several parameters may occur.

PMID- 3403321
TI  - Benchmark measurements for lung dose corrections for X-ray beams.
AB  - A well defined set of clinically relevant reference measurements for photon dose
      calculations in the presence of the lung have been provided. These benchmark data
      were mainly obtained in low-density (rho = 0.31 gcm-3) lunglike material as well
      as in waterlike plastic for 4 and 15 MV X-ray beams. Some additional measurements
      were performed with materials having a density of 0.015 gcm-3 and 0.18 gcm-3.
      Phantom geometries included simple layered geometries, finite lung cross section
      geometries, simulated mediastinum geometries, and simulated tumor in lung
      geometries. The data are reported as central axis depth doses. A number of
      parameters were varied, including the field size, the lung geometry, and the
      distance in and behind the lung.

PMID- 3403322
TI  - Microangiographic and histologic analysis of the effects of hyperthermia on
      murine tumor vasculature.
AB  - The effects of hyperthermia on murine tumor vasculature were studied by
      microangiography and histological examination. The tumors used were SCC VII
      carcinoma and mammary adenocarcinoma of syngeneic C3H/He mice. For the
      quantitative analysis of microangiographic changes, the percent (%) vascular
      area, which was defined as the percentage of opacified tumor vessel area to the
      entire tumor area, was determined in each microangiogram. The % vascular area
      after heating in a water bath at 44 degrees C for 30 min was minimized 24 hr
      after heating in both types of tumors. The histologic study revealed that the
      initial decrease of the % vascular area was due to congestion, thrombosis, and
      rupture of tumor vessels, and its subsequent increase was due to angiogenesis.
      SCC VII was more heat sensitive than mammary adenocarcinoma in terms of tumor
      growth delay, and tumor vessels of SCC VII were more vulnerable to heat than
      those of mammary adenocarcinoma. Histological examinations showed a marked
      difference in the architecture of vessels between the two types of tumors. Tumor
      vessels of mammary adenocarcinoma were supported by a connective tissue band,
      whereas those of SCC VII consisted of a single endothelial cell layer. Our
      findings suggest that the tumor vessels supported by a connective tissue band are
      less sensitive to heat than those without such support. The vascular damage of
      SCC VII was temperature dependent, and the critical temperature at which dramatic
      vascular damage appeared was between 42.7 degrees C and 43.7 degrees C.

PMID- 3403323
TI  - Effect of field shaping on thermal pattern produced by external microwave.
AB  - Modification of external microwave heating pattern can be useful clinically to
      reduce undesired coupling to adjacent bone or soft tissues particularly in the
      head and neck region. A static phantom was used to measure the effect of
      symmetric and asymmetric shielding of part of the microwave field from a BSD MA
      150 microwave applicator. Thermal patterns were altered in a reliable predictable
      pattern. This method has been used clinically with improved patient tolerance.

PMID- 3403324
TI  - Elective lower neck irradiation: 5000 cGy/25 fractions versus 4050 cGy/15
      fractions.
AB  - This is an analysis of 171 patients treated with irradiation alone for squamous
      cell carcinoma of the head and neck who received elective radiation therapy to
      the clinically negative low neck. All patients have a minimum follow-up of 2
      years and 63% have had at least 5 years of follow-up. Patients were excluded from
      this analysis if they developed recurrent disease at the primary site or in the
      upper neck. The majority of patients, 162/171, were treated with one of 2 dose
      fractionation protocols: 5000 cGy/25 fractions (5 fractions per week for 5 weeks)
      and 4050 cGy/15 fractions (5 fractions per week for 3 weeks). Patients were
      subdivided into four risk groups based on the estimated likelihood of subclinical
      disease in the neck. There was no difference in the rate of the neck disease
      control between these 2 dose-fractionation protocols. We conclude that 5000
      cGy/25 fractions and 4050 cGy/15 fractions are equally effective in sterilizing
      occult neck disease.

PMID- 3403325
TI  - A new catheter system with remote tip guidance for endobronchial brachytherapy.
AB  - Endobronchial brachytherapy is being used with increased frequency in the
      treatment of recurrent neoplastic obstruction of the major airways, alone or in
      combination with Nd-YAG laser ablation of the occluding tumor mass. Currently
      available catheter systems are not reliable with respect to accurate and simple
      bronchoscopic guidance during placement. Flexibility, wall strength and radiation
      transmission characteristics are not optimized. We describe a system that meets
      these goals which has been designed and tested in our department. It is composed
      of an external handle, deflecting guidewire, and catheter specially modified for
      endobronchial brachytherapy, with a tip that can be maneuvered in any direction
      with one hand from outside the patient. Major advantages of the system are ease
      of concurrent bronchoscopy and catheter guidance, good dosimetric characteristics
      of the catheter, reasonable cost, and ready availability for adaptation to
      various techniques of endobronchial brachytherapy.

PMID- 3403326
TI  - An external beam treatment technique for retinoblastoma.
AB  - The main difficulty in the irradiation of retinoblastoma has been to deliver a
      high uniform dose to the entire retinal surface and spare the lens. Conventional
      techniques are inadequate to deliver an acceptable dose distribution especially
      for cases when there are both anterior and posterior lesions. We have developed a
      procedure to deliver a high dose anteriorly at the ora serrata for a compromise
      of about 30-35% of the target dose to the lens. The technique consists of 3 pairs
      of non-coplanar arcs using a 4 MV accelerator. This technique may offer a higher
      probability of tumor control and cure when gross tumor is present at the ora
      serrata when compared to the conventional techniques using lateral techniques.

PMID- 3403327
TI  - A diverging gynecological template for radioactive interstitial/intracavitary
      implants of the cervix.
AB  - The Syed-Neblett perineal template has been in use at our institution since 1984.
      We have occasionally encountered problems in inserting the needles through the
      peripheral rows of the template and have seen significant convergence of the
      needles cephalad to the template. To solve these problems we have modified the
      Syed-Neblett template. In the new design, the entrance holes are closer together
      than in the original template, but they are angled so as to achieve a more
      compact design while maintaining a dose distribution close to that of the Syed
      Neblett design. We have seen significantly fewer clinical problems with this
      design. In addition, a smaller number of needles achieve the same dose
      distribution; this simplifies their visualization on radiographs.

PMID- 3403328
TI  - A comprehensive three-dimensional radiation treatment planning system.
AB  - A comprehensive software system has been developed to allow 3-dimensional
      planning of radiation therapy treatments using the extensive anatomical
      information made available by imaging modalities such as CT and MR. Biological
      structures of interest and tumor volumes are defined by outlines drawn on a
      sequence of CT slices. Beam set-ups may then be determined in three dimensions by
      displaying the structure contours in a beam's eye view, or in two dimensions
      using a single CT cut. Each beam defined may be shaped by the specification of
      block aperture contours, and its intensity may be modified with the use of planar
      compensators. 3D dose calculation algorithms are discussed. To evaluate the
      calculation results, dose volume histograms are provided, as well as various
      types of displays in two and three dimensions, including dose on arbitrarily
      oriented planes, dose on the surface of anatomical objects, and isodose surfaces.
      Computer generated beam films are also available as an aid in patient set-up
      verification. These tools, and others, provide the basis for a comprehensive 3D
      system that can be used throughout the treatment planning process.

PMID- 3403329
TI  - Put the "hockey stick" on ice.

PMID- 3403330
TI  - Failure of lactation following radiotherapy for breast cancer.

PMID- 3403331
TI  - Modified bolus technique for the treatment of Kaposi's sarcoma.

PMID- 3403332
TI  - Lactation after breast radiation.

PMID- 3403333
TI  - Lactation after conserving therapy of breast cancer?

PMID- 3403334
TI  - Correspondences and thought-transference during psychoanalysis.
AB  - Correspondences, when the analyst has not verbalized his disturbed thoughts and
      they appear in the patient's spoken associations during analytic treatment, are
      not due to a single cause. Rather, they occur under a variety of circumstances:
      chance, coincidence, communication through sensory stimuli and perceptions,
      sometimes of extraordinary subtlety; or possibly thought-transference. Even if
      the latter possibility were doubted, the correspondence still may have usefulness
      as a finding of significance for the treatment process itself. It may alert the
      analyst to repressive forces directed toward the mix of his disturbing thoughts
      (reality derived), residues of old conflict areas that these have activated, even
      if transiently, and also to the current state of his countertransference.
      Utilizing the patient's associations will increase the analyst's awareness and
      facilitate the latter's quickly working through of these elements. This will
      favor progress of treatment. As for the question of thought-transference,
      preliminary findings suggest that the conditions under which it seems to occur
      involve the simultaneity of (1) the analyst's tendency to repress disturbing
      thoughts (including activated infantile residuals) because of guilt at being
      distracted and (2) qualitatively similar conflictual themes emerging from
      repression in the patient's unconscious. It raises the question as to whether
      extrasensory communication is between the unconscious of the two persons
      involved, occurring at a time when two opposite forces--repression in the analyst
      and modification of repression of qualitatively similar idea-complexes in the
      patient--are operative. The subject of correspondences and thought-transference
      in psychoanalytic treatment requires further study.

PMID- 3403335
TI  - The transference of the therapist of the elderly.

PMID- 3403336
TI  - Violent and homicidal behavior in primitive mental states.
AB  - I have presented a psychodynamic construct that is useful in the assessment of
      violent and homicidal behavior. It further refines diagnostic and treatment
      endeavors when combined with other individual and situational correlates of
      homicide and violence. Object relations, reality testing, and mode of aggression
      are the three variables within the construct that can be empirically measured
      through the use of the clinical interview, psychodiagnostic testing, and
      corroborative history. They should contribute to our further psychoanalytic
      understanding of violent and homicidal behavior in primitive mental states.

PMID- 3403337
TI  - Lateralization patterns of verbal stimuli processing assessed by reaction time
      and event-related potentials in schizophrenic patients.
AB  - Event-related potentials (ERPs), reaction time (RT), number of errors and number
      of omissions were recorded by using a visual target detection paradigm in which
      consonant pairs were presented in a central and in a lateral condition. Fourteen
      DSM III drug-free schizophrenics and 19 healthy subjects took part in the study.
      All of them were male and right-handed. Independent principal component analysis
      and varimax rotation were performed for each condition. Separate ANOVAs were
      performed on factor scores computed for each rotated principal component. In the
      central condition, schizophrenic patients showed a reduction of the late positive
      complex (LPC) peak with respect to normal controls, and this reduction was
      associated with a predominant negative symptomatology. No pattern of lateral
      asymmetry was found in either group for behavioural and ERP measures. For the
      lateral condition, a significant advantage of the right visual field (RVF)
      presentation (shorter RT and larger LPC peak for RVF stimuli) was observed in
      normal subjects, while no visual field effect on these two measures was detected
      in schizophrenics. Significant differences were found between the two groups on
      both behavioural and ERP measures for the RVF only. Furthermore, two ERP
      components showed a marked advantage of the left visual field in the patient
      group, associated with a predominance of positive symptoms in the clinical
      picture.

PMID- 3403338
TI  - Lateral eye movements as an indication of hemispheric preference: an EEG
      validation study.
AB  - The hemispheric asymmetry model of lateral eye movements (LEM), hypothesizing a
      relation between a predominance of lateral gazes to one side with a predominance
      of activity in the hemisphere contralateral to the preferred direction of gaze,
      was tested in male, right-handed subjects. During presentation of cognitive tasks
      (verbal synonym tasks and spatial orienting tasks) the decrease in alpha-power
      from a reference period to each of four activation periods (anticipation, task
      presentation, first LEM, answer) for 6 derivations from each hemisphere was
      calculated using the method of 'Event-related desynchronisation'. Evidence for
      the hypothesis was found only during the EEG-epoch one second before the answer.
      Discrimination between subjects with a predominance of left vs right eye
      movements (left- vs right-movers) was best at temporal (T3, T4) and central (C3,
      C4) sites. These results were significant for the entire alpha-band (8-12 Hz) and
      -even more pronounced--for the alpha-2-band (10-12 Hz). The alpha-1-band (8-10
      Hz) did not produce significant differences. Comparing the two types of tasks,
      synonym tasks yielded results which were more congruent with the hypothesis. The
      results suggest that lateral eye movements indicate individual differences in
      hemispheric EEG-asymmetries under certain experimental conditions (task, segment
      of EEG-analysis, site, frequency band).

PMID- 3403339
TI  - The use of bilateral skin conductance measurement in elucidating stimulus versus
      response processing influences on the orienting reaction.
AB  - In three experiments the importance of behavioural consequences as a determinant
      of the amplitude of the electrodermal response is demonstrated. Bilateral skin
      conductance responses were examined to same-different stimuli consisting of
      moderate intensity tones differing in pitch (S1, S2), to a response cue to make a
      unimanual button-press if the stimulation were judged the same (S3), and to
      feedback (S4). In the first two experiments in which a right-hand action was
      required, responses were larger to S2 than S1 on 'response', compared with 'no
      response' trials. This was replicated in the second experiment where the same
      effect was also found to S3. In the third experiment the hand performing the
      action was varied; the influence of stimulus consequences on responses to S2 was
      replicated when the right hand performed the action; when the left hand was
      involved elevated responses to S2 occurred, irrespective of the perceptual
      judgement. In all experiments responses tended to be larger on trials where a
      correct judgement was made. The use of bilateral recording with a unilateral
      behavioural response confirmed the influence of effector functions on
      electrodermal responses. Hemispheric influences were contralateral and
      excitatory. The results were discussed in terms of multiple central determinants
      on electrodermal responses, the influence of cerebral laterality, and of
      sympathetic-somatic coupling.

PMID- 3403340
TI  - External auditory canal temperature and reaction time relationship during long
      performances.
AB  - In order to study the relationship between body temperature and reaction time
      (RT), and check the hypothesis proposed by Kleitman (Sleep and Wakefulness,
      University Press, Chicago, 1963) about a 'Basic Rest-Activity Cycle' (BRAC), RT
      tasks were delivered to 24 subjects at 10-min intervals for 320 min, while
      simultaneously registering bilateral ear canal temperatures. Time series analyses
      in frequency and time domains were applied to the data. Our results did not show
      a 90-100 min ultradian rhythmicity in the performance of RT tasks, but 6 of the
      24 subjects presented significant periods within limits of BRAC in temperature.

PMID- 3403341
TI  - Brain potentials during mental distance judgments.
AB  - Visual event-related potentials were recorded from a group of 10 normal subjects
      while they judged the proximity of two letters of the alphabet. Subjects viewed
      singly the letters A, D, G, L, N, T, W and Z and indicated by button press
      whether the letter displayed occurred before or after the comparison letter M.
      Reaction times to close letters (L and N) were longer than ordinally more distant
      letters (A, D, G, T, W, Z). A late parietally positive potential of approximately
      475 ms covaried in latency and amplitude with these judgments. Late potentials
      were delayed in latency and reduced in amplitude to close letter (L and N)
      judgments compared to the other letters. The results suggest that mental
      processes, such as alphabetic distance judgments, may be usefully studied by
      examining their associated event-related potentials.

PMID- 3403343
TI  - Donation of professional service.

PMID- 3403342
TI  - Cardiac arrhythmias induced in cats by stimulation of the anteromedial
      hypothalamus.
AB  - Negative emotional behavior induced during stimulation of the anteromedial
      hypothalamus is frequently accompanied by cardiac arrhythmias just after
      cessation of the stimulation (the poststimulus arrhythmias: the PSAs). A
      mechanism related to the PSAs may be neurogenic in origin. Whether or not the
      PSAs are influenced by hypothalamically induced adrenal catecholamines has not
      been settled. We assessed the correlation between these influences on the PSAs
      induced by anteromedial hypothalamic stimulation in anesthetized cats. Thirty
      five adult cats were given stimulation through an electrode inserted
      stereotaxically into the hypothalamus and arterial blood pressure,
      electrocardiogram and heart rate were recorded on a polygraph. PSAs were never
      observed after vagotomy and intravenous injections of methyl-atropine and
      phentolamine. Carteolol was without effect. When an intentional gradual reduction
      of stimulus intensity was applied instead of sudden cessation of hypothalamic
      stimulation, there was a gradual decline in the blood pressure and no PSAs.
      Adrenalectomy did not alter the threshold for the PSAs but did reduce the
      frequency of the PSAs. Intravenous injections of catecholamines produced cardiac
      arrhythmias similar to those seen in PSAs. After vagotomy, stimulation of the
      distal nerve of the right vagus during or just after hypothalamic stimulation
      produced the same arrhythmias as seen in PSAs, but vagus stimulation alone did
      not. These results suggest that the PSAs are due to 'sudden' change from
      sympathetic to parasympathetic influences on the heart and that adrenal
      catecholamines are involved in the prolongation of the train of the PSAs. These
      findings support the proposal that the PSAs are a stress-related symptom induced
      by stimulation of the anteromedial hypothalamus.

PMID- 3403344
TI  - Ferrets as pets.

PMID- 3403345
TI  - Still more on technicians.

PMID- 3403346
TI  - Euthanasia.

PMID- 3403347
TI  - Communication behavior vs communication.

PMID- 3403348
TI  - The last thing this country needs is another attorney--well, maybe just one more.

PMID- 3403349
TI  - Programs for the elimination of pseudorabies virus from large herds of swine.

PMID- 3403351
TI  - Postparturient pelvic entrapment of the bladder in two cows.
AB  - Postparturient pelvic entrapment of the bladder was associated with postpartum
      complications in 2 cows. The bladder was returned to its normal position by
      exploratory laparotomy or direct pressure applied to the bladder through the
      vaginal wall.

PMID- 3403350
TI  - Experimentally induced cartilaginous fractures (osteochondritis dissecans) in
      foals fed low-copper diets.
AB  - Four Thoroughbred foals were weaned from their dams when they were 1 day old and
      were fed a liquid milk-replacer diet containing approximately 1.7 micrograms of
      copper/g from plastic buckets for 4 to 7 months. They were kept in stalls with
      fiberglass walls and asphalt floors covered with rubber pads. Serum copper and
      zinc concentrations were determined 3 times/week by atomic absorption
      spectrophotometry, and liver copper and zinc concentrations were determined
      similarly after acid digestion of tissues taken at necropsy. The amount of
      soluble collagen in articular cartilage and aortic tissue was determined after
      necropsy. Clinical signs of illness, particularly evidence of lameness, were
      monitored daily. The foals were weighed weekly, and growth rate was monitored by
      measurement of height at the withers. Packed cell volumes and total and
      differential WBC counts were measured each time blood was drawn for copper and
      zinc concentration determinations. The foals were examined by necropsy at the end
      of the experiment, and the tissues were examined histologically. The foals
      developed intermittent, but nondebilitating, diarrhea with the onset of low serum
      copper concentrations. Considering the totally liquid diet, the foals grew well.
      Serum copper concentrations decreased to less than 0.1 micrograms/ml in 13 to 16
      weeks. Lameness was evident 2 to 6 weeks after serum copper concentrations
      decreased to their lowest value (less than 0.1 micrograms/ml). All foals
      developed stilted gaits and ultimately walked on the front of their hooves. Major
      hematologic changes and alterations of hair color were not evident. Soluble
      collagen of articular cartilage and aortic tissue increased from 340 to 600%
      greater than that of control foals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3403352
TI  - Surgical management of nasal adenocarcinoma in sheep.
AB  - Nasal adenocarcinoma was diagnosed in 5 sheep from a flock over 6 years. Surgical
      treatment, using a nasal flap approach, was completed in 3 ewes, 2 of which
      survived a year or more. In these 2 ewes, the mass was present at necropsy, but
      was not confirmed as the cause of death. The surgical procedure and care after
      surgery are described. Surgical resection of the mass was considered to be an
      acceptable procedure for salvage of an additional breeding season and lamb crop
      in valuable ewes.

PMID- 3403353
TI  - Free jejunal segment for treatment of cervical esophageal stricture in a dog.
AB  - A 2-year-old female Chinese Shar Pei was admitted with a 20-cm cervical
      esophageal stricture that was untreatable by conventional medical and surgical
      methods. A free jejunal segment was used to replace the strictured portion of the
      esophagus. Twenty-one months after surgery, the dog was able to eat liquefied
      canned dog food with minimal regurgitation and was maintaining normal body
      weight. Free jejunal transfer offers a treatment method for otherwise fatal
      esophageal lesions that are not responsive to conventional methods of medical and
      surgical treatment.

PMID- 3403354
TI  - Treatment of cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis in five dogs.
AB  - Sterile hemorrhagic cystitis developed in 5 dogs after treatment with
      cyclophosphamide. Four dogs were being treated with various antineoplastic
      protocols, and the fifth dog had recurrent immune-mediated thrombocytopenia. In
      all instances, clinical signs of hematuria and stranguria persisted after
      cyclophosphamide administration was discontinued. Three dogs required cystotomy
      to remove necrotic mucosa and calculi. The other 2 dogs were treated with
      intravesicularly administered dimethyl sulfoxide to decrease inflammation and to
      inhibit fibroplasia of the bladder wall. In 4 dogs, clinical signs resolved after
      treatment. The fifth dog, treated surgically, continued to have intermittent
      urinary incontinence attributable to residual bladder wall fibrosis.

PMID- 3403355
TI  - Renal lesions associated with Borrelia burgdorferi infection in a dog.
AB  - Borrelia burgdorferi infection was diagnosed serologically in a dog with
      lethargy, stiffness, and anorexia. Treatment with ampicillin and chloramphenicol
      did not alleviate the signs. Azotemia, proteinuria, cylindruria, pyuria, and
      hematuria developed over a 3-month period. Antibody titer for B burgdorferi
      remained high (1:8,192) during this time. Renal histopathologic findings included
      severe, chronic, diffuse, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and moderate
      chronic, multifocal, interstitial nephritis. Borrelia burgdorferi organisms were
      identified in renal tissue and in urine by results of immunofluorescent studies
      and bacteriologic culture, respectively.

PMID- 3403356
TI  - Fibrotic myopathy of the semitendinosus muscle in a cat.
AB  - Fibrotic myopathy of the semitendinosus muscle causing a progressive mechanical
      right hind limb lameness in a cat was treated with a Z-plasty lengthening
      procedure of the affected muscle. Lameness resolved after surgery; however,
      recurrence of gait abnormality began 2 weeks later. One year after surgery, the
      cat's gait was abnormal; this had little effect on ambulation. Histologic
      examination of biopsy specimens taken from the affected muscle at surgery
      revealed complete replacement of myofibers with dense fibrous connective tissue.
      Etiopathogenesis was not determined.

PMID- 3403359
TI  - Use of halothane to maintain anesthesia induced with etorphine in juvenile
      African elephants.
AB  - Sixteen 3- to 5-year-old African elephants were anesthetized one or more times
      for a total of 27 diagnostic and surgical procedures. Xylazine (0.1 +/- 0.04
      mg/kg of body weight, mean +/- SD) and ketamine (0.6 +/- 0.13 mg/kg) administered
      IM induced good chemical restraint in standing juvenile elephants during a 45
      minute transport period before administration of general anesthesia. After IM or
      IV administration of etorphine (1.9 +/- 0.56 micrograms/kg), the mean time to
      lateral recumbency was 20 +/- 6.6 and 3 +/- 0.0 minutes, respectively. The mean
      heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and respiration rate during all procedures
      was 50 +/- 12 beats/min, 106 +/- 19 mm of Hg, and 10 +/- 3 breaths/min,
      respectively. Cardiac arrhythmias were detected during 2 procedures. One elephant
      with hypotension responded to a decrease in the concentration of halothane and IV
      infusion of dobutamine HCl. Alterations in systolic blood pressure, ear flapping,
      and trunk muscle tone were useful for monitoring depth of anesthesia. Results
      indicated that halothane in oxygen was effective for maintenance of surgical
      anesthesia in juvenile African elephants after induction with etorphine.

PMID- 3403358
TI  - Cerebrospinal nematodiasis in prairie dogs from a research facility.
AB  - Baylisascaris spp larvae were determined to cause CNS disease in 3 prairie dogs
      maintained at a research facility. Clinical signs consisted of ataxia, stumbling,
      and head tilt, which progressed to severe torticollis, paddling in lateral
      recumbency, and loss of the righting reflex. Gross lesions were not found at
      necropsy. Microscopically, the cerebellar white matter and medulla oblongata were
      most severely affected and had numerous sections of large ascarid larvae. Our
      findings indicated that natural infections of Baylisacaris spp larvae can cause
      CNS disease in prairie dogs. Also, Baylisascaris spp larval infection should be
      considered in differential diagnoses of CNS disease in prairie dogs.

PMID- 3403357
TI  - Pathogenic bacteria and fungi associated with external ocular diseases in dogs:
      131 cases (1981-1986).
AB  - Medical records of 131 dogs with external ocular diseases were reviewed.
      Bacteriologic culture of swab specimens from 151 eyes revealed 100 eyes (66.2%)
      were considered positive for potentially pathogenic microorganisms. Of 127
      species of microorganisms (bacterial and fungal) isolated, 50 (39.3%) were
      Staphylococcus spp (S intermedius, 17.3%). Streptococcus spp were the next most
      frequently isolated organism at 32 (25.2%), (Str canis, 16.5%). beta-Hemolytic
      streptococci (17%) were isolated more frequently than were alpha-hemolytic
      streptococci (9%), and coagulase-positive staphylococcal species (29%) were
      isolated almost 3 times as often as were coagulase-negative species (11%). Fungal
      and yeast organisms were isolated from 4.6% of the eyes. In vitro, most
      Staphylococcus spp were susceptible to cephalothin, bacitracin, and gentamicin,
      whereas most Streptococcus spp were susceptible to chloramphenicol, erythromycin,
      carbenicillin, and cephalothin. Pseudomonas spp were sensitive to tobramycin,
      gentamicin, and amikacin.

PMID- 3403360
TI  - Antimitotic drugs in the male rat. Behavioral abnormalities in the second
      generation.
AB  - The second generation descended from rats treated either with cyclophosphamide
      alone or with both cyclophosphamide and vinblastine were investigated. As in the
      first generation, the offspring were evaluated for mean litter size, sex ratio,
      frequency of gross external malformations and, within the first 4 months of life,
      growth and mortality. When they reached adulthood, between 12 and 16 weeks of
      age, the offspring were also tested for spontaneous activity and learning
      capacity. At birth, the progeny of the treated grandfathers did not show
      malformations or any other obvious disorder. However, when compared with the
      control population, the experimental animals showed significantly decreased
      success rates in a learning task, whatever the learning performance of their
      parents. Furthermore, decreased spontaneous activity was observed in the male
      subjects from unsuccessful parents. The similarities between the anomalies found
      in the first and the second generations argue for the induction of mutations by
      antimitotic drugs. This hypothesis and the subtle differences between generations
      and between sexes are discussed.

PMID- 3403361
TI  - Isolation and characterization of the plasma membrane of rat cauda epididymal
      spermatozoa.
AB  - Cauda epididymal rat spermatozoa were isolated by flushing the excised epididymis
      and the plasma membrane was detached by a nitrogen cavitation treatment (500 psi,
      10 minutes equilibration at 4 C). Membrane vesicles were recovered after sucrose
      gradient centrifugation. Portions of the sperm surface releasing the plasma
      membrane were assessed by light microscopy of fluoroscein isothiocyanate
      succinylated concanavalin A-treated spermatozoa and by transmission electron
      microscopy. Plasma membrane was detached from the region overlying the acrosome
      from most spermatozoa and from the middle-piece overlying the mitochondria from
      some cells. Thus, the fraction analyzed was derived from at least two portions of
      the sperm surface. The fractions from the sucrose density gradient were analyzed
      for gross chemical composition (phospholipid, protein and sterol) and the protein
      components were detected after electrophoresis under denaturing conditions; the
      peak fractions (at density approximately 1.13 g/ml) were judged homogeneous.
      Replicate analyses of such preparations established mass ratios of protein to
      phospholipid of 0.63, total sterol to phospholipid of 0.18, and demosterol to
      cholesterol of 0.32. The molecular composition of the phospholipid fraction was
      determined to be 10% phosphatidylserine (mole percent), 3% phosphatidylinosital,
      3% sphingomyelin, 31% phosphatidylethanolamine, 27% phosphatidylcholine, 10%
      diphosphatidylglycerol and 5% of an unknown component. Fatty acyl analyses of the
      phospholipid fraction revealed that approximately 70% of the residues consisted
      of palmitoyl (16:0) and stearoyl (18:0) acyl groups, with the balance distributed
      among various unsaturated acyl groups (18:1, 22:3, 22:4 and 22:5); about 40% of
      the recovered phospholipids represented ether acyl phosphatides. Differences in
      the lipid composition of rat vesicles described here and similar vesicles
      isolated from ram and boar spermatozoa (described previously) are discussed. The
      partitioning of the nitroxyl spin label 3-doxylheptane into vesicles isolated
      from rat and ram spermatozoa was assessed by electron paramagnetic resonance
      spectroscopy at temperatures between 4 C and 26 C; no difference in the response
      of the spin label in the two vesicle preparations was detected.

PMID- 3403362
TI  - Serum levels of total testosterone and sex hormone binding globulin in
      hypothyroid patients and normal subjects treated with incremental doses of L-T4
      or L-T3.
AB  - Plasma testosterone (T) and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) were assayed in
      normal controls (N = 9) and hypothyroid patients (N = 17) receiving increasing
      doses of L-T4 (0.2 mg, 0.4 mg for 30 days), followed first by 30 days without
      medication and then by 30 days each of 0.05 mg L-T3 and 0.2 mg L-T3. Normal male
      controls showed a significant increase in plasma T only at high doses of either L
      T4 (0.4 mg) or L-T3 (0.2 mg). A small but significant increase in plasma T levels
      was observed in normal female subjects at 0.4 mg of T4. In both men and women,
      plasma SHBG increased in a dose-dependent manner with L-T4 or L-T3 and correlated
      positively and significantly with serum thyroid hormone levels. Hypothyroid male
      subjects had significantly lower levels of plasma T (mean +/- SD) of 279 +/- 131
      ng/dl as compared with normal males (431 +/- 118 ng/dl), which reached the normal
      range only at a relatively high dose of either L-T4 (0.4 mg) or L-T3 (0.2 mg). No
      significant changes in plasma T were seen in the hypothyroid female group. Basal
      plasma SHBG levels were significantly lower in both hypothyroid men and women and
      increased towards normal levels during L-T4 and L-T3 therapy, although the
      response to thyroid hormones was significantly lower than that of normal
      controls. These results indicate that thyroid hormone therapy increases plasma
      SHBG levels in both normal and hypothyroid patients and that this increase
      precedes the expected elevation of plasma T in males.

PMID- 3403363
TI  - Measurement of seminal LDH-X and transferrin in normal and infertile men.
AB  - LDH-X, an isoenzyme of lactate dehydrogenase specific for germinal epithelium
      activity, has been measured in the seminal plasma of infertile subjects whose
      infertility had different origins. In the same samples, seminal transferrin, an
      index of Sertoli cell function, was also measured. In this investigation, seminal
      LDH-X was not detectable in the vasectomized subjects, in patients with
      azoospermia due to seminiferous tubular damage, nor in patients who showed a
      marked decrease in sperm concentration (less than 1 X 10(6)/ml). In
      oligozoospermic patients (sperm concentration less than 20 X 10(6)/ml) seminal
      LDH-X levels were reduced to about one-third of those found in normal controls.
      Seminal LDH-X levels correlated (r = 0.7237) with total sperm count better than
      seminal transferrin levels (r = 0.5511), while no correlation was found between
      these two biochemical parameters and sperm motility, viability and morphology. To
      study their spontaneous variations with time, LDH-X and transferrin were also
      measured in semen specimens collected monthly from five healthy men, over 1 year.
      In these samples (N = 60), sperm count variability (43.1%, calculated in terms of
      the coefficient of variation), was similar to that of LDH-X (40.4%) and higher
      than for transferrin (23.0%).

PMID- 3403364
TI  - Isolation and characterization of katanosins A and B.
AB  - Two peptide antibiotics katanosins A and B were isolated from the culture broth
      of a strain related to the genus Cytophaga. These antibiotics are basic peptides
      soluble in aqueous alcohols. The molecular formulae C57H95N15O17 for A and
      C58H97N15O17 for B were indicated. The constituent amino acids of katanosin A are
      suggested to be Thr (1), Ser (1), Val (1), Leu (3), Arg (1) and three unusual
      amino acids. In katanosin B, the Val residue is replaced by Ile. Katanosins A and
      B are active against Gram-positive bacteria in vitro and in vivo.

PMID- 3403365
TI  - The structures of katanosins A and B.
AB  - 1H and 13C NMR studies on katanosin A confirmed the presence of eight usual amino
      acid residues which were previously deduced by amino acid analysis and suggested
      the presence of beta-hydroxyaspartic acid, beta-hydroxyleucine and beta
      phenylserine residues. These amino acids were isolated and confirmed, including
      their stereochemistries, by comparison with the respective authentic specimens.
      Stereochemistries of the usual amino acids were determined by comparing the L
      leucylated amino acids with reference compounds by HPLC. Lithium borohydride
      reduction and chromic acid oxidation of katanosin A and alkali-treated katanosin
      A elucidated a lactone linkage between the C-terminal Ser and phenylserine
      residues. Edman degradation on alkali-treated katanosin A clarified the total
      amino acid sequence. The difference in katanosins A and B was determined to be
      replacement of Val in A by Ile in B. Thus, the structures of katanosins A and B
      were elucidated.

PMID- 3403366
TI  - A83586C, a new depsipeptide antibiotic.
AB  - A culture identified as Streptomyces karnatakensis was found to produce a novel
      cyclic hexadepsipeptide antibiotic designated A83586C. The structure was
      elucidated by X-ray crystallography, and full 1H and 13C NMR assignments are
      reported. The absolute configuration was confirmed by the detection of D
      threonine in the acid hydrolysate of A83586C. A83586C had potent Gram-positive
      activity in vitro but lacked in vivo efficacy in mice.

PMID- 3403367
TI  - Structural studies on minor components of saframycin group antibiotics
      saframycins F, G and H.
AB  - Three minor components of saframycin group antibiotics, saframycins F, G and H
      were isolated and their structures were determined by comparison with the
      spectral data of UV, IR, and 1H and 13C NMR of already reported saframycins A and
      D. Saframycins F, G and H were 21-cyanosaframycin D, 14-hydroxysaframycin A and
      25-dihydro-25-beta-ketopropyl-saframycin A, respectively.

PMID- 3403368
TI  - Actinoplanones C, D, E, F and G, new cytotoxic polycyclic xanthones from
      Actinoplanes sp.
AB  - Our previous finding of strong cytotoxic polycyclic xanthones, actinoplanones A
      (1) and B (2), in the culture broth of Actinoplanes sp. R-304 stimulated us to
      isolate further five new cytotoxic polycyclic xanthones which were named
      actinoplanones C (3), D (4), E (5), F (6) and G (7) from the broth.
      Actinoplanones C (3) and G (7) showed very strong cytotoxicity against HeLa cells
      at less than 0.00004 microgram/ml dosage (IC50). The structures of 3-7 were
      varieties of 1 for the N-2 and C-4 substituents. All or several actinoplanones
      showed strong antimicrobial activities against bacteria and the rice blast
      fungus. Actinoplanone A (1) was tested for cytotoxicity against various tumor
      cells and for inhibitory effect on HeLa cell macromolecular synthesis, and 1
      exhibited strong cytotoxicity against the cells and inhibitory action on DNA
      synthesis.

PMID- 3403369
TI  - Methylenolactocin, a novel antitumor antibiotic from Penicillium sp.
AB  - A novel antitumor antibiotic, methylenolactocin, was isolated from the culture
      filtrate of a new isolate of fungus identified as Penicillium sp. The
      fermentation yield reached about 100 mg per liter of the broth. Methylenolactocin
      has the molecular formula of C11H16O4 and possess an exomethylene lactone
      structure. Its structure was determined to be 3-carboxy-2-methylene-4-nonanolide
      by spectroscopic data. It is active against some Gram-positive bacteria and it
      prolongs the life span of mice inoculated with Ehrlich carcinoma.

PMID- 3403370
TI  - Synthesis and biological activity of 2-lactonyl penems.
AB  - A series of potent antibacterial agents have been prepared. These agents are
      penems carrying a lactone ring in the C-2 position. Excellent activity against
      Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms--except Pseudomonas aeruginosa--was
      found.

PMID- 3403371
TI  - Structure elucidation of A58365A and A58365B, angiotensin converting enzyme
      inhibitors produced by Streptomyces chromofuscus.
AB  - A58365A and A58365B, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors isolated from the
      culture filtrate of Streptomyces chromofuscus NRRL 15098, are homologous
      compounds of molecular formulas C12H13NO6 and C13H15NO6. The molecular
      similarities of the two inhibitors were established by comparison of their 1H
      NMR, 13C NMR, and UV spectra. Catalytic hydrogenation of A58365A led to a
      tetrahydro-deoxy derivative, C12H17NO5; extensive 1H NMR decoupling studies at
      360 MHz allowed all the non-exchangeable protons of the derivative to be
      connected in a continuous substructure. This fragment was combined with
      information from other spectroscopic methods to suggest the structures for
      A58365A (1) and A58365B (2); the conclusions were confirmed by an X-ray
      crystallographic analysis of A58365A-dimethyl ester.

PMID- 3403372
TI  - The synthesis of 2-(functionalized methyl)-1 beta-methylcarbapenems.
AB  - The synthesis of 1 beta-methylcarbapenems having a ROCH2 substituent at the 2
      position is described. Their in vitro antibacterial activity and DHP-I
      susceptibilities are presented.

PMID- 3403373
TI  - Sch 31828, a novel antibiotic from a Microbispora sp.: taxonomy, fermentation,
      isolation and biological properties.

PMID- 3403375
TI  - Revised structure of A53868A.

PMID- 3403374
TI  - Preparation and characterization of some bromine analogs of the glycopeptide
      antibiotic actaplanin.

PMID- 3403376
TI  - A screening method for cell wall inhibitors using a D-cycloserine hypersensitive
      mutant.

PMID- 3403377
TI  - New antifungal antibiotics, benanomicins A and B from an actinomycete.

PMID- 3403378
TI  - OM-4842, a new platelet aggregation inhibitor from Streptomyces.

PMID- 3403379
TI  - Structural elucidation of trichosporin-B-Ia, IIIa, IIId and V from Trichoderma
      polysporum.

PMID- 3403380
TI  - New glycopeptide antibiotics. I. The structures of orienticins.

PMID- 3403381
TI  - Effects of herbimycin derivatives on src oncogene function in relation to
      antitumor activity.

PMID- 3403382
TI  - Layer V in rat auditory cortex: projections to the inferior colliculus and
      contralateral cortex.
AB  - This study compares the form and distribution within layer V of cells projecting
      to the inferior colliculus with that of commissural cells of origin in adult rat
      auditory cortex after horseradish peroxidase injections in the ipsilateral
      inferior colliculus or auditory cortex. The goal of this work was to determine
      whether every part of layer V participates equally in both projections, and if
      the cortical neurons in each pathway were similar. The types of neurons were
      defined in Golgi-Cox preparations and matched with the profiles of retrogradely
      labeled cells from architectonically defined cortical area 41. Inferior
      colliculus and commissural neurons form two populations that differ in their
      distribution in layer V, in somatic area, and in the form of their apical
      dendritic arbors. Corticocollicular neurons include the largest pyramidal cells,
      whose robustly filled apical dendrites ascend into layer II or farther.
      Commissural cells are smaller and have a more heterogeneous form. Their apical
      dendrites do not usually extend above layer IV, and a few of these cells may be
      non-pyramidal. Small pyramidal cells and inverted pyramidal cells project to the
      opposite cortex, but not to the inferior colliculus. Medium-sized pyramidal cells
      project in both systems. In addition, certain callosal cells of origin in layers
      V and III were morphologically similar. More than one-third of the commissural
      cells originate in the superficial part of layer V, where only 7% of the inferior
      colliculus projection neurons arise. Most corticocollicular cells lie deeper in
      layer V, where there are fewer commissural neurons. These findings suggest that
      the efferent systems projecting to telencephalic and mesencephalic targets are
      morphologically distinct and spatially segregated in layer V. However, the
      commissural projection includes similar cells in different cortical layers. The
      types of these efferent neurons may be more closely related to their target than
      to their laminar origin.

PMID- 3403383
TI  - Continuous low level sound alters cochlear mechanics: an efferent effect?
AB  - A slow, but reversible, alteration is described in the level of acoustic
      distortion emitted during continuous two tone stimulation. The nature of this
      change and the factors which affect it indicate that it may be due to the
      influence of cochlear efferents on the mechanical response of the cochlea to
      sound.

PMID- 3403384
TI  - Potentiation of noise induced threshold shifts and hair cell loss by carbon
      monoxide.
AB  - Previous studies have determined that severe systemic hypoxia disrupts cochlear
      function acutely, but have suggested that augmentation of cochlear perfusion may
      successfully protect cochlear function under all but the most profound hypoxic
      treatments. In the current study we report on the chronic effects of simultaneous
      exposures to noise and carbon monoxide on pure tone thresholds and hair cell
      survival in rats. Following initial threshold determination, rats received acute
      exposure to carbon monoxide, noise, or both agents concurrently. Thresholds were
      evaluated 2-4 and 6-8 weeks later. The data show that carbon monoxide alone does
      not affect either auditory thresholds or compromise hair cells at the light
      microscopic level. The noise exposure alone produced variable, but quite limited
      permanent threshold shifts which were related to the power spectrum of the broad
      band noise that was employed. Hair cell loss was restricted to the basal turn of
      the cochlea. Simultaneous exposure to carbon monoxide and noise induced large
      threshold shifts at all frequencies studied, but the effect was greatest at the
      highest test frequency; an effect not consistent with the noise power spectrum.
      Widespread hair cell loss persisted over fully half of the basilar membrane in
      the most severely affected rat. Outer hair cells appear to be particularly
      vulnerable. Carbon monoxide plus noise did not appear to preferentially disrupt a
      particular row of outer hair cells. These data complement existing evidence that
      hyperoxia can mitigate against noise induced injury and reinforce the view that
      some types of noise induced damage may result from metabolic insufficiencies.

PMID- 3403385
TI  - A new rapid component in the cochlear response to brief electrical efferent
      stimulation: CM and otoacoustic observations.
AB  - The onset and time course of cochlear response changes induced by brief
      electrical stimulation of medial fibres of the OCB have been studied in detail in
      guinea pig. Changes in both cochlear microphonic and otoacoustic responses begin
      within 10 ms of electrical excitation. The sensitive differential technique
      employed has allowed the use of very short and weak electrical stimulations. The
      effects of induced levels of activity close to those normally present are
      reported. After transient electrical excitation (a single 100 microseconds, 20 mu
      amp shock), changes in the cochlear microphonic response reached a maximum around
      20 ms. Thereafter the perturbation decayed initially with a time constant between
      30 and 45 ms, then more slowly with a time constant greater than 100 ms. For more
      intense but still brief excitation the initial response decay was even more rapid
      often resulting in a bimodal decay pattern - a discrete 'burst' and a 'slow
      tail'. Otoacoustic data was similar. Only the slow tail component corresponds to
      previously reported effects and we suggest that it may be associated with
      overstimulation of the efferent system.

PMID- 3403387
TI  - Quantitative morphological analysis of the sensory epithelium of the starling and
      pigeon basilar papilla.
AB  - Several features of bird basilar papilla morphology were quantitatively studied
      in the starling and the pigeon in order to attempt a structure-function
      correlation. We confirmed and quantified several findings from earlier studies,
      but also obtained results contradictory to previous reports. The greatest
      discrepancies concerned the pattern of hair cell orientation. By including the
      results from other investigations, we describe a 'typical' avian basilar papilla
      and on this basis the specializations within individual species. These
      morphological specializations are discussed in the context of the available
      physiological data.

PMID- 3403386
TI  - Development of aspartate aminotransferase and glutaminase immunoreactivity in the
      rat auditory nerve.
AB  - Aspartate aminotransferase and glutaminase immunoreactive labeling of the
      auditory nerve has previously been reported. In the present study, the
      development of these immunoreactivities was examined in the auditory nerve of the
      rat, at ages ranging from 17 days gestation to four postnatal weeks. Cells and
      processes were examined in the cochlea, and fibers and terminals in the cochlear
      nucleus. In the cochlea, immunoreactive labeling with antisera to both enzymes
      was first seen at 20 gestational days, in spiral ganglion cells. It was not until
      two postnatal weeks, however, that this immunoreactive labeling was first seen in
      primary afferent terminals around spherical cells in the anteroventral cochlear
      nucleus. This correlates with the establishment of mature synaptic connections
      and function.

PMID- 3403389
TI  - Growth characteristics in crosses of Angus, Santa Gertrudis and Gelbvieh beef
      cattle.
AB  - A total of 343 calves (males and females) were evaluated for preweaning average
      daily gain, weaning weight (WW), feedlot average daily gain to slaughter (ADGF),
      slaughter weight (SW), pelvic height (PH), pelvic width, pelvic area, weaning
      conformation score (WS) and ratio of weaning weight to the dam's weight at
      weaning (R). Mating types included straight-bred Angus (A) and Santa Gertrudis
      (S), the reciprocal crosses of these two breeds and Gelbvieh (G) X Angus.
      Straightbred S and A X S crosses had the heaviest WW, followed by S X A and G X A
      crosses; straightbred A had significantly smaller WW than all other mating types.
      The crossbreds and the straightbred S had higher WS than straightbred A. The
      ratio of WW to cow weight was largest for S X A. The straightbred S and A X S
      crosses had significantly lower R values than the other mating types. Weaning
      weight per cow exposed, computed as the product of weaning rate and weight,
      indicated that straightbred A had an advantage over the other mating types (156.5
      kg), whereas S and S X A were intermediate (147.9 and 147.6 kg, respectively) and
      A X S was lowest (128.9 kg). Feedlot gain was highest for A X S, though not
      significantly greater than for straightbred S or G X A. Straightbred A gained
      significantly less than other mating types except S X A. Straightbred A were
      found to be significantly smaller at slaughter than the other mating types. The S
      X A and G X A were intermediate; the straightbred S and A X S were significantly
      larger for SW.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3403388
TI  - The basilar papilla of the barn owl Tyto alba: a quantitative morphological SEM
      analysis.
AB  - The barn owl has the longest basilar papilla (about 12 mm) of all bird species
      studied. In the apical half several morphological parameters change regularly:
      stereovillar number per hair cell, length of the stereovillar bundle and cell
      surface area decrease from basal to apical. Cell number across the papilla, width
      of stereovillar bundle, diameter of a single stereovillus and height of
      stereovilli increase in the same direction. The orientation of the stereovillar
      bundles' long axis is parallel (0 degrees) to the edges of the papilla at the
      neural and the abneural sides, whereas along the midline there is a zone with an
      orientation of 50 degrees towards the apex; apically, this change in orientation
      may increase up to 90 degrees. In the basal half of the owl papilla the situation
      is different: most parameters are fairly constant, e.g. stereovillar height, mean
      orientation of stereovillar bundles (0 degrees), bundle shape and stereovillar
      number per hair cell. As the basilar papilla of birds is known to be
      tonotopically organized, with the high frequency range being represented basally,
      the different organization of the basal half of the owl papilla may be a
      specialization related to the excellent high frequency hearing.

PMID- 3403391
TI  - Reproduction and calf performance of Angus-sired and Polled Hereford-sired cows
      bred to Angus and Brahman bulls for primiparous calving as two- vs three-year
      olds.
AB  - This 4-yr study was conducted with Angus (A)-sired and Polled Hereford (PH)-sired
      crossbred heifers that were exposed to either A or medium-frame Brahman (B) bulls
      from primiparous calvings either as 2- or 3-yr-olds. Each year, heifers were
      allotted at random within breed composition and age of dam to breeding groups on
      pasture for an 84-d breeding period that began in late March or early April.
      Results indicated that differences due to age of dam (AOD), calf sire breed (CSB)
      and dam sire breed (DSB) were similar for calving rate, earliness of calving in
      the calving period and percentage of calves born alive, percentage weaned of
      those born alive and percentage weaned of cows exposed. The 3-yr-old cows had
      less calving difficulty and their calves had higher birth weight, average daily
      gain (ADG) to weaning, 205-d weight and 205-d weight/cow exposed than the 2-yr
      old cows. Compared with the B-sired calves the A-sired calves had lower birth
      weight, ADG to weaning and 205-d weight; however, 205-d weight/cow exposed was
      similar. Compared with the PH-sired cows, the A-sired cows had less calving
      difficulty, and their calves had higher ADG to weaning and higher 205-d
      weights/cow exposed. Under conditions similar to those of this study, it would be
      economically advantageous to calve first at 2 yr of age rather than at 3 yr of
      age.

PMID- 3403390
TI  - Effect of dietary calcium and phosphorus level sequences on performance,
      structural soundness and bone characteristics of growing-finishing swine.
AB  - The effects of feeding various dietary Ca:P level sequences on gain and feed
      efficiency, leg structural soundness and bone indices of growing-finishing swine
      were evaluated as an incomplete 3 X 3 factorial arrangement of treatments in a
      split-plot design. A total of 664 pigs were fed one of three total dietary Ca:P
      levels (.52:.40, .65:.50, .80:.60%) from 19-kg to 56-kg body weights followed by
      one of three Ca:P levels (.45:.32, .52:.40, .65:.50%) to market weight. The
      .80:.60% and .65:.50% Ca:P mineral sequence was not evaluated. Diets were
      formulated to 14.5% crude protein using a corn-soybean meal mixture with
      proportions of dicalcium phosphate and limestone altered to attain the desired
      dietary Ca:P levels. Maximum gains occurred at the .65:.50% and .52:.40% Ca:P
      level during the grower (P less than .01) and finisher (P less than .01) periods,
      respectively. No grower X finisher phase pig gain or feed intake interaction
      resulted, providing evidence of no carry-over response on these measurements from
      the grower to the finisher period. Serum P concentration increased and plateaued
      at the same dietary Ca:P level, as did rate of gain at both 56-kg and 95-kg body
      weights. Leg soundness subjectively evaluated at 56-kg and 95-kg body weights
      revealed no effect of dietary Ca:P level on soundness scores at 56 kg, but at 95
      kg body weight, the interaction between grower and finisher diets was
      significant. Percentage bone ash of the humerus, shaft thickness and bending
      moment of the femur increased as dietary Ca:P level increased at both 56-kg and
      95-kg body weights.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3403392
TI  - Effects of ram preexposure and ram breed on fertility of ewes in summer breeding.
AB  - Suffolk x Rambouillet ewes were used in two consecutive years to test the ability
      of Dorset and Suffolk yearling rams to stimulate ovulation and estrus in early
      summer (late June and July) breeding. After spring weaning about June 1, ewes
      were randomly divided into three groups and for 2 wk either were isolated from
      rams or were preexposed to either yearling Dorset or Suffolk rams by penning of
      rams in proximity to ewes. Ewes then were rerandomized into two groups for
      joining with either yearling Dorset or Suffolk rams fitted with marking
      harnesses. Serum progesterone profiles and crayon marks were used as indicators
      of ovulation and estrus. Overall lambing rate was not different among preexposure
      treatments for the 2 yr. However, early lambing rate (in the first 14 d of
      lambing season) was significantly affected by preexposure group (24% for Dorset
      vs 9% for Suffolk and 10% for isolation), especially in the 2nd yr (31% for
      Dorset vs 8% for both Suffolk and isolation). Ewes preexposed to Dorsets also
      lambed 10 d earlier (P less than .05) than ewes preexposed to Suffolks in yr 2,
      but the groups did not differ in yr 1. Ewes exposed to Dorset rams for breeding
      had higher overall lambing rates than ewes bred to Suffolks (75% vs 54%),
      especially in the 1st yr (77% vs 48%). Lambs sired by Dorset rams were born 6 d
      earlier in yr 1 (P less than .05) but only 1 d earlier in yr 2. Data from both
      years indicate that Dorsets are superior to Suffolks in ability to sire lambs in
      fall lambing systems.

PMID- 3403393
TI  - Four equivalent sets of mixed-model equations with relationship matrix for
      estimation of genetic parameters.
AB  - Four equivalent approaches of estimating variance components from mixed-model
      equations including the relationship matrix are presented. One procedure involves
      simultaneous diagonalization of the coefficient matrix (Z'MZ) and the inverse of
      the numerator relationship matrix (A-1). After simultaneous diagonalization, the
      absorbed coefficient matrix of the mixed-model equations is diagonal, so solving
      the mixed model equations and estimating variance components become trivial
      computations. A numerical example is given to illustrate the computational
      aspects of the simultaneous diagonalization approach and to demonstrate that the
      four approaches yield identical results. The simultaneous diagonalization
      approach eliminates direct inversion of the coefficient matrix for each iteration
      and thus requires much less computer time. The advantage of this approach over
      that of direct matrix inversion in terms of computer time increases with
      increasing levels of random effects and increasing rounds of iteration.
      Application of simultaneous diagonalization to maximum likelihood estimation also
      is discussed.

PMID- 3403394
TI  - Effects of divergent selection for leg weakness on angularity of joints in Duroc
      swine.
AB  - Sixty Duroc pigs, representing offspring of three lines from the fifth generation
      of divergent selection for leg weakness, were examined to determine correlated
      responses in joint angularity. The lines were low, control, and high, with the
      latter having superior front leg structure. At approximately 100 kg, 10 pigs of
      each sex and line were scored for front and rear leg structure and movement. The
      shoulder, elbow, carpal and hock joints were measured for resting angles and
      range of motion. The model to analyze the data included the effects of line,
      sire, sex and side and covariable for weight. High-line pigs had significantly
      smaller (P less than .05) resting angles of the elbow joint than did control- or
      low-line pigs. The low-line pigs, however, had significantly smaller resting
      angles at the carpal joint (P less than .01) and greater resting angles at the
      hock joint (P less than .05) than did control- or high-line pigs. The low-line
      pigs had fewer degrees extension at the elbow joint and fewer degrees flexion at
      the carpal joint than did control- or high-line pigs. High-line pigs had fewer
      degrees of flexion of the elbow joint than did control-or low-line pigs. Resting
      angles and range of motion for the elbow and carpal joints were less on the left
      side than on the right side. Males had greater degrees of extension and total
      degrees of movement at the elbow joint than did females. Selection for different
      degrees of leg weakness resulted in accompanying alterations in angularity of
      joints.

PMID- 3403395
TI  - Interrelationships between energy intake and endogenous porcine growth hormone
      administration on the performance, body composition and protein and energy
      metabolism of growing pigs weighing 25 to 55 kilograms live weight.
AB  - Thirty-six barrows were used in a 2 X 3 factorial experiment to investigate the
      effects of porcine growth hormone (pGH) administration (USDA-pGH-B1; 0 and 100
      micrograms.kg body weight-1.d-1) and three levels of feeding of a single diet
      (EI; ad libitum, 1.64 and 1.38 kg/d) on the performance, body composition and
      rates of protein and fat deposition of pigs growing over the live weight phase 25
      to 55 kg. Raising EI resulted in linear increases in growth rate and in protein
      and fat accretion but had no effect on the feed to gain ratio (F/G). Carcass fat
      content and carcass fat measurements also increased with EI, whereas carcass
      protein and water decreased (P less than .01). Growth hormone administration
      resulted in improvements in growth rate (16 to 26%), F/G (23%), protein
      deposition (34 to 50%) and increases in carcass protein and water at each level
      of feeding, but reduced ad libitum feed intake (P less than .01), carcass fat
      content (P less than .01) and carcass fat measurements (P less than .01).
      Estimated maintenance energy expenditure was increased by pGH administration
      (2.02 vs 1.72 Mcal digestible energy/d). Results indicate that the effects of pGH
      on growth performance and energy and protein metabolism were largely independent
      of, and additive to, the effects of energy intake.

PMID- 3403396
TI  - Glycerolipid biosynthesis in porcine adipose tissue in vitro. I. Assay conditions
      for homogenates.
AB  - Previous studies on glycerolipid biosynthesis in swine adipose tissue in vitro
      resulted in synthesis of primarily phospholipid, whereas triacylglycerol
      represents the vast majority of adipose tissue lipids. The objectives of this
      research were to maximize synthesis of triacylglycerol in vitro using the 700 x g
      infranatant fraction of a swine adipose tissue homogenate as the enzyme source.
      The capacity for total lipid synthesis was increased by greater than 50%, and the
      proportion of lipids synthesized as triacylglycerols was increased by increasing
      the length of incubation time from 20 to 60 min and the concentration of enzyme
      in the incubation from that obtained from 33 to that obtained from 120 mg adipose
      tissue. It is recommended that glycerolipid biosynthesis be assessed using two
      assays. An assay of up to 10 min was linear with incubation time and measured the
      initial incorporation of glycerol-3-phosphate into the pathway (GPAT); this
      incorporation was mostly into phospholipids. An assay of about 60 min was not
      linear with incubation time, but incorporation into total lipids (LSC) was
      predominantly into the triacylglycerol fraction. Although the LSC assay was not
      linear with time, it represents steady-state conditions that more closely typify
      conditions in situ. Oleate at .6 mM was inhibitory with enzyme extracted from 33
      or 75 mg adipose tissue, whereas palmitate was not. Palmitoyl-CoA was not a
      suitable substrate because it produced low LSC and little triacylglycerol.
      Fluoride increased LSC but inhibited conversion of phospholipids into
      triacylglycerols, so its presence is not recommended.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3403397
TI  - Glycerolipid biosynthesis in porcine adipose tissue in vitro. II. Synthesis by
      various types of cellular preparations.
AB  - Glycerolipid biosynthesis by porcine adipose tissue homogenates did not yield the
      90+% triacylglycerol observed in situ. Consequently, we compared intact tissue
      slices and various subcellular fractions to characterize the usefulness of such
      systems to assess glycerolipid biosynthesis in vitro. Glycerolipid biosynthesis
      by porcine adipose tissue homogenates was measured in vitro using either [14C]
      fatty acid or [14C]-glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) as a radiolabelled substrate.
      Removal of residual 14C-labelled fatty acid from lipid extracts was difficult.
      Because G3P is soluble in water, residual [14C]-G3P separated easily from the
      glycerolipid-containing organic phase and, thus, was the preferred radiolabelled
      substrate. With tissue slices, glycerol and G3P were minimally incorporated into
      lipid so that [14C]-fatty acid was the preferred radiolabelled tracer. A washing
      procedure followed by thin layer chromatography was devised to separate residual
      [14C]-fatty acid from glycerolipids, including phospholipids. Fatty acid
      esterification into glycerolipids in tissue slices yielded about 4%
      phospholipids, whereas with homogenates, esterification yielded up to 50%
      phospholipids. Comparison of several subcellular fractions indicated that
      microsomes contained most of the glycerolipid biosynthetic activity when activity
      was expressed on a protein basis. However, when activities were expressed on a
      tissue wet weight basis, the 700 x g infranate and the 10,000 x g supernate had
      about equal activity that was far greater than the microsomes. The 700 x g
      infranate was the preferred enzyme preparation for assay of the entrance of G3P
      into the pathway as well as the capacity to synthesize triacylglycerol. Several
      methods of freezing and storing tissue or 700 x g infranates were not acceptable.
      Freezing of the 700 x g infranate in liquid N2 with storage at -80 degrees C may
      be an acceptable procedure.

PMID- 3403398
TI  - Utilization by growing and finishing pigs of raw soybeans of low Kunitz trypsin
      inhibitor content.
AB  - Three trials were conducted to compare acceptance and utilization by growing and
      finishing pigs of diets containing supplemental protein from either heated,
      solvent-extracted soybean meal (SBM), raw low-Kunitz trypsin inhibitor soybean
      (LT) or raw commercially grown Williams cultivar soybean with high Kunitz trypsin
      inhibitor content (HT). In Trial 1, 36 crossbred pigs, averaging 7 kg in weight,
      were fed 1) corn-SBM, 2)corn-LT or 3) corn-HT diets for 28 d. Diets were
      formulated to be isolysinic and to have similar calorie:lysine ratios. Average
      daily gain and gain/feed were higher (P less than .01) for pigs fed the corn-SBM
      diet than for pigs fed the corn-LT diet; average daily gain and gain/feed were
      higher (P less than .01) for the corn-LT diet than for the corn-HT. Average daily
      feed intake did not differ (P greater than .05) among diets. In Trial 2, 48
      crossbred pigs averaging 67 kg were fed diets similar to those in Trial 1 but
      with lower lysine values. The daily gain (.95 kg) of pigs fed the corn-SBM diet
      was greater (P less than .05) than for pigs fed the corn-LT diet (.87 kg), which
      in turn was greater (P less than .05) than for the pigs fed the corn-HT diet (.83
      kg). Daily feed intake (kg) and gain/feed were 3.27 and .291, 2.97 and .293, and
      3.07 and .270, respectively, for pigs fed the corn-SBM, corn-LT and corn-HT
      diets. In Trial 3, 18 castrate male pigs averaging 12.4 kg were fed cornstarch
      based diets with either SBM, LT or HT as the source of protein.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3403399
TI  - The influence of supplemental feed on growth and bone development of nursing
      foals.
AB  - Thirty foals of mixed breeding, from two consecutive years, were used in two 120
      d experiments to evaluate the effects of supplemental feeding (creep feed) on
      growth in nursing foals. At 10 d postpartum, foals were randomly assigned either
      to a creep-fed group (CF) or an unsupplemented group (NCF). Initial measurements
      of body weight (BW), height at the withers (WH), third metatarsal length (MtIII)
      and third metacarpal length (McIII) were made at 10 d of age and at 30-d
      intervals thereafter. Medial and lateral cortical peak values for radiographic
      bone density, cortical width and cortical area at the midpoint of the third
      metacarpal were used to assess bone quality. Creep feed containing National
      Research Council (NRC, 1978) recommended levels for all nutrients was offered at
      1.5% of BW per day. When compared with unsupplemented foals, supplemented foals
      had greater gains in BW (P less than .05), in WH (P less than .10) and in MtIII
      (P less than .05). Mean gains during the trial in BW, WH, MtIII and McIII for the
      CF foals were 133.3 kg, 22.8 cm, 2.1 cm and 1.9 cm and for the NCF foals were
      117.6 kg, 21.2 cm, 1.5 cm and 1.9 cm, respectively. The mean value for the
      lateral cortical peak was slightly lower (P less than .10) for the CF foals. No
      differences (P greater than .10) were observed for the medial cortical peak,
      cortical width or cortical area of the third metacarpal. The results of this
      study indicate that a creep feeding program that supplies NRC-recommended
      nutrient levels can increase the rate of skeletal growth with little decrease in
      quality of bone.

PMID- 3403400
TI  - An evaluation of a dry-fat product as a source of supplemental energy in pig
      diets.
AB  - Three feeding trials (278 pigs) and one balance trial (14 pigs) were conducted to
      evaluate acceptance and utilization of diets containing a dry-fat product
      containing 90% fat. The fat was a mixture of equal parts vegetable and animal
      fats. In Trial 1, 4-wk-old pigs fed diets with 5% dry-fat added had average daily
      gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and gain/feed (G/F) values equal to
      pigs fed the diet containing 4.5% liquid fat, the unprocessed equivalent to the
      dry-fat. Values for G/F with both diets were higher (P less than .05) than for
      pigs fed the unsupplemented control diet. In Trial 2, dry-fat and roasted
      soybeans were compared as sources of supplemental fat in diets for finishing
      pigs. Both were efficiently utilized, with no differences (P greater than .05)
      among diets. In Trial 3, diets with 0, 5 and 10% levels of added dry-fat were fed
      to pigs from 34 to 100 kg. Rates of gain were not affected, but ADFI decreased (P
      less than .05) and G/F increased (P less than .05) with increased fat level.
      Carcass measurements were not affected by dietary treatment, but iodine number of
      backfat increased (P less than .05) with dietary fat level. In Trial 4, values
      for grams of N absorbed and retained and megacalories of energy absorbed and
      metabolized did not differ (P greater than .05) between diets with 0 and 5% added
      dry-fat. These results show that the dry-fat product was efficiently utilized by
      growing and finishing pigs.

PMID- 3403401
TI  - Studies of the tolerance and disposition of ochratoxin A in young calves.
AB  - Tolerance to and disposition of ochratoxin A (OA) were compared in preruminant
      and ruminant calves. Two preruminant calves receiving 4.0 mg OA/kg body weight by
      stomach tube died; one of two calves receiving 1.0 mg/kg body weight survived. At
      a dose of .5 mg OA/kg body weight both calves survived. The administered OA was
      converted mainly (80.1 to 88.9%) to ochratoxin-alpha (O alpha), which was found
      only in urine; the remaining OA appeared in the urine (3.2 to 3.3%) and feces
      (7.8 to 10.0%). In the one surviving calf of two given .25 mg OA/kg body weight
      i.v., nearly twice as much OA was excreted in the feces (44.5%) as in the urine
      (25.0%); no O alpha was found in urine or feces. All four calves with functional
      rumens receiving OA orally, 2.0 mg/kg body weight, survived without overt ill
      effects. Approximately 90% of the OA was excreted as O alpha, with approximately
      four to eight times more in the urine than in the feces; OA was low in the urine
      or feces. A plot of the serum OA concentration-time data revealed a prominent,
      sustained, secondary peak, which was described adequately by a four-exponential
      equation with two apparent absorption components. Accordingly, OA initially was
      absorbed rapidly by a first-order rate process (ka = .496/h), and following a
      considerable delay (tlag = 12.84 h) absorption appeared to resume by a second,
      slower, first-order rate process (ka = .127/h). The second absorption phase was
      best explained as being due to enterohepatic cycling of OA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3403402
TI  - Procedures for measuring length of the pig uterus.
AB  - A method for measuring uterine length in pigs was standardized following a series
      of experiments to determine the effect of period of storage, temperature,
      presence of ligaments and the nature of the surrounding fluid on the length of
      the uterus. Weight of the uterus did not change during storage. Measurements in
      vivo were compared with those in vitro. The uterus shortened immediately after
      its removal, then gradually lengthened over 8 h. Whereas there was change in
      absolute measured length during the storage period, the relationship of length in
      vivo was significantly correlated to length in vitro (r = .85, P less than .001).
      Measurement at one time during storage was highly correlated with measurement at
      other times (r = .93 to .96). The coefficient of variation for length of uteri
      among gilts was 30%. Measurement of length of the uterus must be done under
      uniform conditions of storage to give meaningful results.

PMID- 3403403
TI  - Influence of pig embryos on uterine growth.
AB  - The influence of embryos on growth of the uterus was determined by comparing
      uterine length, weight and diameter between gravid and nongravid horns within
      unilaterally pregnant gilts. Eighty-two prepubertal gilts were ovariectomized
      unilaterally at 5 mo of age, and the ipsilateral uterine horn was ligated near
      the junction of the uterine horns. Gilts were mated and were assigned randomly
      for examination on either d 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24 or 27 of gestation. Absolute
      differences and ratios in length, weight and diameter between gravid and
      nongravid horns of unilaterally pregnant gilts were analyzed. The gravid horn was
      40% longer than the nongravid horn from d 18 to 27. Uterine horns with embryos
      increased linearly in weight and diameter (P less than .01) between d 15 and 27.
      Embryos, or the signals that they might give, apparently caused increases in
      length, weight and diameter of the uterine horn by d 18, but not before.

PMID- 3403404
TI  - Embryo reduction before day 11 in mares with twin conceptuses.
AB  - Incidence of embryo reduction (natural elimination of one member of a twin set)
      before d 11 was studied by comparing the number of ultrasonically detected
      conceptuses per ovulation between single and double ovulators. Effect of
      unilateral (n = 24) vs bilateral (n = 26) double ovulations on the incidence of
      embryo reduction also was considered. Each of 50 double-ovulating mares was
      matched with two single ovulators yielding 100 ovulations, or potential embryos,
      per group. Frequency with which an ovulation resulted in a conceptus was greater
      for single ovulators (85%, P less than .01) and for bilateral double ovulators
      (77%, P less than .05) than for unilateral double ovulators (60%). The difference
      between single and bilateral ovulators was not significant. Expected frequencies
      for none, one or two conceptuses per mare for double ovulators were calculated
      using the d-11 pregnancy rate for the single ovulators (85%). For unilateral
      ovulators, but not for bilateral ovulators, observed frequencies of none, one or
      two conceptuses were different (P less than .05) from expected (observed and
      expected, respectively, for no conceptuses, 29% and 2%; one conceptus, 21% and
      26%; two conceptuses, 50% and 72%). Results did not indicate the existence of an
      embryo reduction phenomenon before d 11 in bilateral ovulators; each ovum had the
      same chance (no significant difference) of developing into a d-11 conceptus as an
      ovum in single ovulators. In unilateral double ovulators, the lower d-11
      pregnancy rate per ovum, compared with bilateral ovulators and single ovulators,
      was attributable to a greater frequency of mares with no embryonic vesicles
      rather than to a greater frequency of mares with one vesicle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3403405
TI  - Effects of body weight, frame size and rate of gain on the composition of gain of
      beef steers.
AB  - Energy concentration of gain (EG) is an inherent component in beef cattle feeding
      systems. The National Research Council (NRC) uses equations based on body weight,
      rate of gain and cattle type to predict EG and, in turn, to calculate dietary
      energy requirements. From EG, fat and protein deposition can be calculated
      directly. A dynamic computer growth model also can be used to estimate EG. In
      both the NRC and the computer model, EG increases from about 3 to 6 Mcal/kg as
      body weight increases from 200 to 500 kg if daily gain is 1 kg. Both NRC and the
      model predict EG of calves to be about .3 Mcal/kg greater than a previous NRC
      system. In contrast to the NRC, model-predicted EG of yearlings is lower at
      lighter and greater at heavier body weights. Rate of gain affects estimates of EG
      more for the dynamic model than for the NRC systems. When predicted EG was
      compared with observed EG for 46 pens of feedlot steers in comparative slaughter
      trials, NRC estimates exhibited a narrow range compared with observed values with
      correlation coefficients of r = .38 and r = .71 (previous NRC). Model estimates
      of EG were closer (r = .85). The NRC predictions of EG systematically erred with
      initial body composition, diet metabolizable energy and length of feeding period
      (P less than .01) and with initial body weight and rate of gain (P less than
      .05). No systematic errors in model-predicted EG were detected. Enhanced model
      sensitivity to compensatory growth and rate of gain should reduce both EG and
      body weight gain prediction errors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3403406
TI  - Comparison of estimates of ruminal protein degradation by in vitro and in situ
      methods.
AB  - Ruminal degradation of eight soluble proteins and 10 protein meals was determined
      using three methods: 1) an inhibitor in vitro system (IIV), to which inhibitors
      are added to prevent metabolism of protein degradation products, 2) in situ
      incubations in nylon bags and 3) in vitro NH3 production in typical ruminal
      inoculum. In vitro NH3 production rate from different proteins was not related to
      in situ or IIV degradation rate. Degradation rates for soluble proteins by IIV
      ranged from .103 to .813/h, yielding estimated extents of degradation that ranged
      from 73 to 94% (assuming ruminal passage of .05/h). For seven of the protein
      meals, degradation rates measured by IIV were threefold greater than in situ
      rates. However, mean degraded fractions estimated from zero-time intercepts were
      twofold greater using the in situ method, and calculated extents of degradation
      averaged 83% of IIV values. Extents of degradation estimated (assuming ruminal
      passage of .05/h) for fish meal, soybean meal, linseed meal, sunflower meal,
      rapeseed meal, copra meal and meat and bone meal were, respectively; 55, 79, 84,
      59, 75, 54 and 58% (IIV) and 46, 63, 69, 51, 52, 43 and 55% (in situ). These
      values were generally similar to those reported in the literature. The extent of
      degradation of feather meal was 28% by in situ determination. Neither the IIV nor
      in situ method gave significant regressions for blood meal; neither method yields
      reliable data for very slowly degraded proteins. The IIV procedure has the
      advantage over the in situ method because it can yield degradation estimates for
      soluble as well as insoluble proteins.

PMID- 3403408
TI  - Crude protein and amino acid requirements of growing-finishing Holstein steers
      gaining 1.43 kilograms per day.
AB  - Holstein steers (164 kg) were used in a 70-d growing-finishing trial. Treatments
      were 1) basal diet (85% concentrate); 2) basal diet plus 1.5% blood meal (BM); 3)
      basal diet plus 3.0% BM and 4) basal diet plus 4.5% BM. Dietary crude protein
      levels were 12.5, 13.7, 14.8 and 15.9% for Treatments 1 through 4, respectively.
      Energy intake was restricted to allow for a daily weight gain of 1.43 kg. There
      were no treatment effects on animal performance. The influence of protein
      supplementation on characteristics of ruminal and total tract digestion was
      evaluated in a crossover design experiment involving six ruminally and
      intestinally cannulated steers (191 kg). Treatments consisted of Diets 1 and 4 of
      the feeding trial, with chromic oxide added as a digesta marker. There were no
      treatment effects on ruminal or total tract digestion of organic matter. Blood
      meal supplementation increased (P less than .01) non-NH3-N passage to the small
      intestine by 27.3% and N disappearance posterior to the abomasum by 32.5%.
      Ruminal escape of BM was 83.2%. Extrapolating to the level of intakes achieved in
      the performance trial, intestinal supplies of non-NH3-N, arginine, histidine,
      isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine and valine for
      steers consuming Treatment 1 were 119.5, 42.6, 14.7, 28.5, 49.8, 38.7, 14.1,
      27.0, 28.5 and 39.0 g/d, respectively. A dietary crude protein intake of 695 g/d
      was adequate to meet the amino acid requirements of Holstein calves within the
      weight range of 163 to 267 kg and gaining 1.48 kg/d.

PMID- 3403407
TI  - Serum and ruminal fluid characteristics of beef cows grazing oat pastures and
      supplemented with or without lasalocid.
AB  - Thirty-two mature, pregnant beef cows (avg age 8 yr, body wt 550 kg) grazing oat
      pastures were used to determine the effects of lasalocid on serum mineral and
      ruminal fluid volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations. Cows were blocked by
      breed type and assigned randomly to eight, 2-ha pastures containing oat forage
      from December 17, 1985 to May 6, 1986. The cows were fed .25 kg of ground corn
      with or without 200 mg of lasalocid daily. Based upon analyses of forage mineral
      composition (.53, .25, .14, .3 and 2.5% of dry matter for Ca, P, Mg, Na and K,
      respectively), all macrominerals except Mg were in sufficient quantities to meet
      the requirement for lactating cows. Lasalocid supplementation did not affect
      serum Mg, K or Zn concentrations (P greater than .05). During the April sampling,
      serum Ca was higher (P less than .05) and serum Na was lower (P less than .05) in
      cows supplemented with lasalocid compared with controls. The molar proportion of
      acetate was decreased (P less than .05) in ruminal fluid of cows fed lasalocid by
      d 56 (February 11); the molar proportions of acetate and butyrate were decreased
      (P less than .05), which decreased (P less than .05) the acetate: propionate
      ratio by d 84 (March 11) of supplementation. This study suggests that lasalocid
      is effective in altering ruminal VFA and serum mineral concentrations in cows
      grazing small grain forages.

PMID- 3403409
TI  - Influence of protein concentration in prefast and postfast diets on feed intake
      of steers and nitrogen and phosphorus metabolism of lambs.
AB  - Two trials were conducted to determine the influence of prefast and postfast
      dietary protein concentration on feed intake of steers (avg wt 250 kg) and the N
      and P metabolism of lambs (avg wt 50 kg). In Trial 1, crossbred steers were fed
      prefast diets containing 8, 12 or 16% crude protein (CP) for 14 d before being
      deprived of feed and water for 24 h. Next, they received feed for 24 h and again
      were deprived for 48 h. Finally, they were fed diets containing either 10 or 15%
      CP. Steers fed the 16% CP prefast diet that were switched to the 10% CP
      realimentation diet tended to have lower feed intakes than the other fasted
      groups. In Trial 2, 16 crossbred lambs housed in metabolism stalls were fed
      prefast and postfast diets containing either 11 or 16% CP both before and after a
      72-h fast in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement. Nitrogen and P balance during
      realimentation tended to be affected by both the prefast and postfast dietary
      protein concentration. Results of this study indicate that CP content of the
      postfast diet alters repletion of nutrients lost during a feed and water
      deprivation period and can affect realimentation feed intake. However, the
      magnitude of this effect was dependent on protein content of the prefast diet.

PMID- 3403410
TI  - Feed intake and digestion by beef cows fed prairie hay with different levels of
      soybean meal and receiving post-ruminal administration of antibiotics.
AB  - Six cannulated beef cows (one Angus, two Hereford and three Angus x Hereford; 405
      kg) were used in a 6 x 6 latin square experiment with a 2 x 3 factorial
      arrangement of treatments. Prairie hay (.77% N, 73% neutral detergent fiber [NDF]
      and 7% acid detergent lignin) was fed ad libitum from d 1 through 14 and at 90%
      of ad libitum intake from d 15 through 21 during digesta collection. Periods
      lasted 21 d. Soybean meal (SBM) was offered at 0 (control, C), .12 (low, L) or
      .24% of body weight (high, H; dry matter basis). Cows received daily doses of an
      antibiotic mixture (1 g neomycin and .125 g bacitracin) or saline in the
      duodenum. Prairie hay dry matter (DM) intake increased (P less than .05) linearly
      with SBM supplementation, being 25 and 40% greater for L and H than for C,
      respectively. Ruminal fluid concentrations of NH3-N and total volatile fatty
      acids increased (P less than .05) linearly as SBM was added to the diet. Ruminal
      fluid dilution rate increased linearly and particulate passage rate increased (P
      less than .05) quadratically with increasing SBM. True ruminal digestibilities of
      organic matter, NDF and N increased (P less than .10) quadratically with
      increasing SBM (organic matter; 50.3, 57.9 and 58.3%; NDF: 54.7, 60.4 and 59.8%;
      N: 17.5, 45.1 and 51.4% for C, L and H, respectively). Main effects of antibiotic
      administration were not significant. Increases in DM intake when SBM was given
      were large compared with the small elevations in ruminal digestion, implying that
      metabolic regulation was modifying intake of low-quality forage.

PMID- 3403411
TI  - Performance and carcass quality of steers supplemented with zinc oxide or zinc
      methionine.
AB  - Forty-five Angus steers (avg initial wt 330 kg) were individually fed for 112 d
      to assess the value of supplemental Zn and source on performance and carcass
      quality. Steers had ad libitum access to a control diet (81 ppm Zn) of 33% whole
      corn, 33% ground milo, 15% cottonseed hulls and 13% cottonseed meal, or this
      control diet with 360 mg Zn/d added from either zinc methionine or zinc oxide.
      Steers were slaughtered on d 114, and carcass composition was determined by
      specific gravity. Average daily gain and feed efficiency were not affected by
      dietary treatments. Steers fed zinc methionine had a higher (P less than .05)
      USDA quality grade than those fed the control and zinc oxide diets. Marbling
      score was higher (P less than .05) for steers fed zinc methionine than for those
      fed control and zinc oxide treatments (4.4 vs 4.0 and 4.0, respectively, where 3
      = slight, 4 = small, 5 = modest). Steers fed zinc methionine tended to have more
      (P less than .10) external fat (13 mm) than steers fed the control diet (10 mm);
      steers supplemented with zinc oxide had intermediate amounts of external fat (11
      mm). Steers fed zinc methionine had 10.5 and 12.8% more (P less than .05) kidney,
      pelvic and heart (KPH) fat than steers fed control or zinc oxide diets,
      respectively. The effects of zinc methionine on carcass quality grade and
      marbling score may be due to Zn and (or) methionine. Regardless of the mechanism,
      the difference represents a potential economic benefit to producers.

PMID- 3403413
TI  - Rectal and rectal vs. esophageal temperatures in paraplegic men during prolonged
      exercise.
AB  - This study investigated the rectal (Tre), esophageal (Tes), and skin (Tsk)
      temperature changes in a group of trained traumatic paraplegic men pushing their
      own wheelchairs on a motor-driven treadmill for a prolonged period in a neutral
      environment. There were two experiments. The first experiment (Tre and Tsk)
      involved a homogeneous group (T10-T12/L3) of highly trained paraplegic men
      [maximum O2 uptake (VO2max) 47.5 +/- 1.8 ml.kg-1.min-1] exercising for 80 min at
      60-65% VO2max.Tre and Tsk (head, arm, thigh, and calf) and heart rate (HR) were
      recorded throughout. O2 uptake (VO2), minute ventilation (VE), CO2 production
      (VCO2), and heart rate (HR) were recorded at four intervals. During experiment 1
      significant changes in HR and insignificant changes in VCO2, VE, and VO2 occurred
      throughout prolonged exercise. Tre increased significantly from 37.1 +/- 0.1
      degrees C (rest) to 37.8 +/- 0.1 degrees C after 80 min of exercise. There were
      only significant changes in arm Tsk. Experiment 2 involved a nonhomogeneous group
      (T5-T10/T11) of active paraplegics (VO2max 39.9 +/- 4.3 ml.kg-1.min-1) exercising
      at 60-65% VO2max for up to 45 min on the treadmill while Tre and Tes were
      simultaneously recorded. Tes rose significantly faster than Tre during exercise
      (dT/dt 20 min: Tes 0.050 +/- 0.003 degrees C/min and Tre 0.019 +/- 0.005 degrees
      C/min), and Tes declined significantly faster than Tre at the end of exercise.
      Tes was significantly higher than Tre at the end of exercise. Our results suggest
      that during wheelchair propulsion by paraplegics, Tes may be a better estimate of
      core temperature than Tre.

PMID- 3403412
TI  - Anabolic effects on rate, composition and energetic efficiency of growth in
      cattle fed forage and grain diets.
AB  - The effects of anabolic implants on rate, composition and energetic efficiency of
      growth were determined in steers fed diets varying in forage and grain content.
      Santa Gertrudis-cross steers averaging 337 kg were group-fed (n = 72) or
      individually fed (n = 45) ad libitum one of three diets and either not implanted
      or implanted (90-d intervals) with Ralgro or Synovex-S implants. Steers were fed
      to a similar empty body weight (463 kg). Initial empty body composition of
      individually fed steers was determined via D2O dilution, and final composition of
      all steers was determined by carcass specific gravity. Rate of empty body gain
      increased (P less than .05) from 695 g/d for nonimplanted steers to 798 and 844
      g/d for Ralgro- and Synovex-implanted steers. Anabolic implants increased (P less
      than .01) daily empty body protein gain from 91 to 119 and 133 g for Ralgro and
      Synovex, an increase of 31 and 46%, respectively. The fraction of protein in
      empty body gain increased (P less than .01) from 13.8% to 15.6 and 15.9%, and the
      percentage of fat in empty body gain decreased (P less than .01) from 41.7% to
      32.9 and 31.3% with Ralgro and Synovex, respectively. Daily rates of protein
      deposition increased at a decreasing rate, and rates of fat deposition increased
      at an increasing rate with increasing rate of empty body gain. Implanted steers
      deposited more protein and less fat at any rate of growth; the magnitude of this
      shift in nutrient partitioning from fat to protein growth increased with rate of
      growth.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3403414
TI  - Ventilatory and diaphragmatic EMG changes during negative-pressure ventilation in
      healthy subjects.
AB  - To evaluate the response of normal subjects to assisted ventilation, we studied 6
      naive healthy subjects before and during negative-pressure ventilation (NPV) with
      "low" (-10 cmH2O) and "high" (-30 cmH2O) pressures in an Emerson tank respirator.
      Ventilation was measured with an inductive plethysmograph (Respitrace), and
      diaphragmatic electromyogram (DEMG) was studied with a bipolar esophageal
      electrode. During NPV a 1:1 phase lock was observed between subjects and iron
      lung frequency in all subjects. Tidal volume increased in most subjects, more
      with high than with low pressures (P less than 0.05), whereas DEMG increased,
      decreased, or showed no change. Postinspiratory inspiratory diaphragmatic
      activity (PIIA) significantly increased during high-pressure NPV and was
      accompanied by an increase in tonic DEMG in one-half of the subjects. Voluntary
      relaxation resulted in a decrease in DEMG and PIIA. We suggest that cortical
      activity can explain persistency of active breathing during negative-pressure
      ventilation.

PMID- 3403415
TI  - Effects of mass loading on the upper airway.
AB  - To learn how increased cervical adipose tissue might affect upper airway
      function, we studied effects of mass loading on upper airway dimensions,
      stability, and resistance. Eight rabbits were studied (anesthetized and
      postmortem) using lard-filled bags to simulate cervical fat accumulation.
      Additionally, a handheld device was used to apply measured loads at localized
      sites along the airway. Upper airway resistance and closing pressure (a
      reflection of airway stability) were determined before and after loading.
      Endoscopy revealed concentric narrowing of the pharynx during loading in
      anesthetized and postmortem preparations. Upper airway resistance was increased
      by mass loads, with larger loads having greater effects. Loading caused decreased
      airway stability as reflected by closing pressures. The area over the thyrohyoid
      membrane was more vulnerable to mass loading than adjacent areas. Because mass
      loading of the upper airway causes changes in its configuration and function
      similar to those seen in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA), we speculate
      that such loading may contribute to the pathogenesis of OSA associated with
      obesity.

PMID- 3403416
TI  - Respiratory muscle activity during repeated airflow interruption.
AB  - We observed striking differences in respiratory muscle electromyogram activity
      when active expirations were interrupted in rapid succession, depending on the
      mode of interruption. When the interruptions were produced at the level of the
      glottis (utterances, uh-uh-uh-uh, at 5-8 Hz) there were synchronous bursts of
      activity from expiratory muscles in all three subjects during the periods of no
      flow and rapid bursts of diaphragmatic activity during the flow phases in one
      subject. In contrast, when similarly rapid interruptions of active expirations
      were produced with the tongue on a mouthpiece (utterance, te-te-te-te) or with an
      external valve, no synchronous bursts were observed. Since all interruptions
      would have been mechanically similar at expiratory muscular and pulmonary levels,
      we reasoned that the bursts with glottic interruptions were either programmed
      centrally or driven reflexly at the laryngeal level.

PMID- 3403417
TI  - Relationship of muscular fatigue to pH and diprotonated Pi in humans: a 31P-NMR
      study.
AB  - Seventeen normal subjects performed maximal wrist flexion exercise with
      continuous monitoring of forearm muscle pH and H2PO4-, measured with 31P nuclear
      magnetic resonance, and muscle fatigue, expressed as a percentage of decline in
      maximal developed force. Four minutes of exercise (flexion duration = 1 s)
      reduced maximal developed force from 100 to 74 +/- 9% and pH from 6.99 +/- 0.04
      to 6.17 +/- 0.33 and increased H2PO4- to 927 +/- 401% of resting levels. In all
      subjects, linear relationships were noted between developed force and pH (r =
      0.90 +/- 0.08) and between developed force and H2PO4- (r = -0.89 +/- 0.08).
      Doubling the contraction duration to 2 s produced more rapid changes in developed
      force, pH, and H2PO4- but no change in the relationship of force to pH and H2PO4
      . Two minutes of submaximal exercise before maximal exercise significantly
      reduced pH and increased H2PO4-. During subsequent maximal exercise, the
      relationship between developed force and H2PO4- remained unchanged. In contrast,
      the relationship between developed force and pH was shifted leftward; muscle pH
      remained lower throughout maximal exercise, and developed force remained
      comparable to that noted during control exercise. These observations suggest that
      muscle fatigue during intense short-term exercise is primarily caused by an
      increase in intramuscular H2PO4- rather than by a decrease in intramuscular pH.

PMID- 3403418
TI  - Comparison of afferent and efferent lung lymph in the sheep.
AB  - Efferent lymph collected from the caudal mediastinal lymph node (CMN) in the
      sheep lung lymph fistula model has been reported to represent free pulmonary
      interstitial fluid. Studies that utilize this model assume that nodal transit
      does not alter the composition of lymph. We collected afferent lymph from the
      tracheobronchial node (TBN) while simultaneously collecting CMN efferent lymph in
      acutely prepared sheep. We compared afferent and efferent lymph protein
      concentrations (CA and CE) and changes in flow rates (QLA and QLE) during base
      line and periods of elevated left atrial pressure (Pla). As a result of elevated
      Pla, QLA and QLE increased and the afferent lymph-to-plasma protein concentration
      ratio (CA/Cp) and the efferent lymph-to-plasma protein concentration ratio
      (CE/Cp) fell. The CA/Cp was significantly lower than the CE/Cp during base line
      (0.67 vs. 0.80) and periods of elevated Pla (0.41 vs. 0.61). Although we cannot
      exclude regional permeability differences, the difference between CA/Cp and CE/Cp
      is most likely due to the concentration of lymph within the CMN. Our data suggest
      nodal modification of CA is correlated with the afferent lymph-to-plasma colloid
      osmotic pressure ratio (pi A/pi p) and further suggest that nodal alteration of
      lymph during elevated Pla is due to the influence of decreased pi A/pi p at the
      blood-to-lymph barrier. We conclude that afferent lymph is a more accurate
      representation of lung free interstitial fluid because collection of pulmonary
      afferent lymph obviates the complications introduced by the CMN. Studies
      utilizing efferent lymph may have overestimated lung microvascular permeability
      in the acute sheep preparation.

PMID- 3403419
TI  - Assessment of tight junctions between pulmonary epithelial and endothelial cells.
AB  - This study is intended to determine whether qualitative assessment of tight
      junction integrity from freeze-fracture data is reliable. We used lung parenchyma
      from a control mongrel dog's cardiac lung lobe, from a mongrel dog subjected to
      vascular high-pressure pulmonary edema (HPPE), and from a dog subjected to oleic
      acid-induced low-pressure pulmonary edema (LPPE) (6). Quantitative assessment was
      done on 115 freeze-fracture micrographs of epithelial tight junctions and on
      another 158 freeze-fracture micrographs of endothelial junctions from the 3 dogs.
      Quantitative assessment showed differences between the dogs in junction depth,
      fibril numbers, density, and complexity. for qualitative assessment, these same
      273 micrographs were assessed in a single-blind fashion by having six
      investigators sort first the epithelial and then the endothelial junctions into
      normal or damaged categories. Qualitative assessment did not agree with
      quantitative data, suggesting that it is unreliable.

PMID- 3403420
TI  - Corticosteroid potentiation of surfactant dose response in preterm rabbits.
AB  - Fetal rabbits were treated with corticosteroids by maternal administration for 48
      h before delivery at 27 days gestational age. Both corticosteroid-treated and
      control animals then received exogenous natural rabbit surfactant at birth at
      doses of 0-75 mg lipid/kg. After 10 min of ventilation at tidal volumes of 12-15
      ml/kg, static pressure-volume measurements were made. At all surfactant doses
      there was a significantly higher maximal lung volume, higher dynamic compliance,
      and lower pressure requirement in the corticosteroid-treated than in the control
      rabbits (P less than 0.01). Control animals showed incremental improvements in
      dynamic compliances and maximal lung volumes up to a dose of 50 mg/kg, whereas
      corticosteroid treated animals improved to a maximum at the low dose of 15 mg/kg
      (P less than 0.01). However, surface tension as assessed by lung stability index
      improved with increasing surfactant dose but was not significantly different
      between corticosteroid-treated and control animals at a given dose. The results
      imply that maternal corticosteroid treatment potentiates surfactant replacement
      by a change in lung structure that is independent of surface tension effects.

PMID- 3403421
TI  - Pressure-flow behavior of pulmonary interstitium.
AB  - A method to measure the pressure-flow behavior of the interstitium around large
      pulmonary vessels is presented. Isolated rabbit lungs were degassed, and the air
      spaces and vasculature were inflated with a silicon rubber compound. After the
      rubber had hardened the caudal lobes were sliced into 1-cm-thick slabs. Two
      chambers were bonded to opposite sides of a slab enclosing a large blood vessel
      and were filled with saline containing 3 g/dl albumin. The flow through the
      interstitium surrounding the vessel was measured at a constant driving pressure
      of 5 cmH2O and at various mean interstitial pressures. Flow decreased with a
      reduction of mean interstitial pressure and reached a limiting minimum value at
      approximately -9 cmH2O. The pressure-flow behavior was analyzed under the
      assumptions that the interstitium is a porous material described by a single
      permeability constant that increases with hydration and that the expansion of the
      interstitium with interstitial pressure was due to the elastic response of the
      surrounding rubber compound. This resulted in an interstitial resistance
      (reciprocal of permeability constant) of 1.31 +/- 1.03 (SD) cmH2O.h.cm-2 and a
      ratio of interstitial cuff thickness to vessel radius of 0.022 +/- 0.007 (SD), n
      = 11. The phenomenon of flow limitation was demonstrated by holding the upstream
      pressure constant at 15 cmH2O and measuring the flow while the downstream
      pressure was reduced. The flow was limited at downstream pressures below -10
      cmH2O.

PMID- 3403422
TI  - Effect of cold air inhalation on core temperature in exercising subjects under
      heat stress.
AB  - Whether increasing respiratory heat loss (RHL) during exercise under heat stress
      can contain elevation of rectal temperature (Tre) was examined. Eight men cycled
      twice at 45-50% their maximum work rate until exhaustion at ambient temperature
      and relative humidity of 38 degrees C and 90-95%, respectively. They inspired
      either cold (3.6 degrees C) or ambient air in random sequence. When subjects
      breathed cold air during 23 min of exercise, a ninefold increase in RHL was
      observed vs. similar work during hot air inhalation (32.81 vs. 3.46 W).
      Respiratory frequency (f) and rate of rise in Tre decreased significantly (P less
      than or equal to 0.004 and P less than or equal to 0.002, respectively). The rise
      in skin temperature in each inhalant gas condition was accompanied by a parallel
      almost equal increase in core temperature above basal (delta Tre) for equivalent
      gains in skin temperature. The increase in tidal volume and decreased f in the
      cold condition allowed more effective physical conditioning of cold inspirate gas
      in the upper airways and aided RHL. Cold air inhalation also produced a
      significant (P less than or equal to 0.05) decrease in heart rate vs. hot air
      inhalation in the final stages of exercise. Insignificant changes in O2
      consumption and total body fluid loss were found. These data show that cold air
      inhalation during exercise diminishes elevation of Tre and suggest that both the
      intensity and duration of work can thus be extended. The importance of the
      physical exchange of heat energy and any physiological mechanisms induced by the
      cold inspirate in producing the changes is undetermined.

PMID- 3403423
TI  - Fatigue of mouse diaphragm muscle in isometric and isotonic contractions.
AB  - Fatiguabilities of mouse diaphragm muscle in vitro in isometric and isotonic
      contractions were compared in this study. Isolated mouse diaphragm muscle was
      stimulated repetitively to induce fatigue during both isometric and isotonic
      contractions. The supramaximal electrical stimulation used was a train of 100-Hz,
      0.5-ms pulses delivered to the muscle every 2 s for 0.5 s. The percentage
      decrease in isometric tension from beginning to end of the fatiguing process was
      used as the index of fatigue. The experiments were carried out at different PO2
      levels in both normal and zero-glucose Ringer solutions. It was found that
      fatigue developed more rapidly in isotonic contractions than in isometric ones.
      Also, the extracellular glucose level demonstrated little effect on the muscle's
      short-term fatiguability, whereas reductions in the extracellular PO2 exerted a
      profound effect, especially in the case of isotonic fatigue.

PMID- 3403424
TI  - Regional muscle blood flow capacity and exercise hyperemia in high-intensity
      trained rats.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of high-intensity
      treadmill exercise training on 1) the regional distribution of muscle blood flow
      within and among muscles in rats during high-intensity treadmill exercise (phase
      I) and 2) on the total and regional hindlimb skeletal muscle blood flow
      capacities as measured in isolated perfused rat hindquarters during maximal
      papaverine vasodilation (phase II). Two groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats were
      trained 5 days/wk for 6 wk with a program consisting of 6 bouts/day of 2.5-min
      runs at 60 m/min up a 15% grade with 4.5-min rest periods between bouts. After
      training, blood flows were measured with the radiolabeled microsphere technique
      (phase I) in pair-weighted sedentary control and exercise-trained rats while they
      ran at 60 m/min (0% grade). In phase II of the study, regional vascular flow
      capacities were determined at three perfusion pressures (30, 40, and 50 mmHg) in
      isolated perfused hindquarters of control and trained rats maximally vasodilated
      with papaverine. The results indicate that this exercise training program
      produces increases in the vascular flow capacity of fast-twitch glycolytic muscle
      tissue of rats. However, these changes were not apparent in the magnitude or
      distribution of muscle blood flow in conscious rats running at 60 m/min, since
      blood flows within and among muscles during exercise were the same in trained and
      control rats.

PMID- 3403425
TI  - Muscle atrophy and hypoplasia with aging: impact of training and food
      restriction.
AB  - The purpose of this work is to study the influence of aging, training, and food
      restriction on skeletal muscle mass and fiber number. Male Fischer 344 rats (n =
      49) at 3 mo postpartum were assigned to three groups: 1) sedentary control
      (confined to cage), 2) exercise trained (18 m/min, 8 degrees grade, 20 min/day, 5
      days/wk), or 3) food restricted (alternate days of free access and no access to
      food). At 12 and 27 mo postpartum the soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL)
      muscles were excised, weighed, and fiber number was quantified after HNO3
      digestion. At 27 mo the masses of soleus and EDL muscles of sedentary control
      rats were 83 and 70%, respectively, of 12-mo values (138 +/- 5 and 151 +/- 4 mg).
      At 27 mo, soleus muscle mass of trained rats was 113% of sedentary control
      values, whereas EDL muscle mass was unaffected by training. At 27 mo, food
      restriction had no effect on the mass of both muscles compared with 27-mo
      sedentary control values. Fiber number was not affected by training or food
      restriction in both muscles. Fiber number for soleus and EDL muscles of combined
      groups declined with age by 5.6 and 4.2%, respectively. With aging, the small
      loss of muscle fibers can account at most for approximately 25% of the observed
      skeletal muscle atrophy.

PMID- 3403427
TI  - Critical water temperature during water immersion at various atmospheric
      pressures.
AB  - The present work was undertaken to determine the effect of atmospheric pressure
      [ranging from a high altitude of 4,300 m above sea level or 0.6 atmospheres
      absolute (ATA) to depths of 10 m deep or 2 ATA] on the critical water temperature
      (Tcw), defined as the lowest water temperature a subject can tolerate at rest for
      2 h without shivering, of the unprotected subject during water immersion. Nine
      healthy males wearing only shorts were subjected to immersion to the neck in
      water at 0.6, 1, and 2 ATA while resting for 2 h. Continuous measurements
      included esophageal (Tes) and skin (Tsk) temperatures, direct heat loss from the
      skin (Htissue), and insulation of the tissue (Itissue). The Tcw was significantly
      higher at 0.6 ATA than 1 and 2 ATA: however, Tcw at 1 ATA was identical to that
      at 2 ATA. The metabolic heat production remained unchanged among the pressures.
      During the 2-h immersion in Tcw, Tes was identical among all atmospheric
      pressures: however, Tsk was significantly higher (P less than 0.05) at 0.6 ATA
      and was identical between 1 and 2 ATA. The overall mean Itissue was near maximal
      during immersion in Tcw in each pressure, and no difference was detected among
      the pressures. However, Itissue at the acral extremities (arm, hand, and foot)
      decreased significantly at 0.6 ATA, and subsequently heat loss from these parts
      was increased, which elevated an extremity-to-trunk heat loss ratio to 1.4 at 0.6
      ATA from 1.1 at 1 and 2 ATA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3403426
TI  - Difference in rehydration process due to salt concentration of drinking water in
      rats.
AB  - Albino rats were thermally dehydrated (approximately 8% of body wt), divided into
      five groups, and given tap water or 0.2, 0.45, 0.9, or 2.0% NaCl solution ad
      libitum for 16 h. Rats given 0.9 or 0.45% NaCl solution regained fluid loss
      completely in 3-3.5 h, whereas those given 0.2% solution became fully rehydrated
      at 10 h. The rats in the tap water and 2.0% NaCl groups were only 78 and 59%
      rehydrated, respectively, within 16 h. Na balance was positive in the 0.9% NaCl
      group by about five times the amount of the cations lost during the dehydration
      period. A positive balance of Na was also observed in the 0.45 (approximately
      250%) and 2.0% NaCl groups (300%), whereas the 0.2% NaCl group regained lost
      water and Na simultaneously at 10 h. With tap water, additional loss of cations
      was observed. These findings show that for the replacement of water due to
      thermal dehydration there is a range of NaCl concentration with which the rats
      can rehydrate with the mutual cooperation of thirst, salt appetite, and kidney
      function.

PMID- 3403428
TI  - Near infrared monitoring of human skeletal muscle oxygenation during forearm
      ischemia.
AB  - Changes in tissue oxygenation of forearm muscles were measured by near infrared
      (NIR) spectrophotometry in 10 healthy adults during tourniquet ischemia and
      venous outflow restriction. Muscle O2 stores were depleted rapidly by forearm
      ischemia manifest by a progressive decrease in tissue oxyhemoglobin and
      oxymyoglobin over 4-5 min. Muscle ischemia significantly decreased the oxidation
      level of cytochrome aa3, to below resting base line after only 1.5 min, and the
      enzyme became fully reduced after 6.5 min. After 8 min of ischemia, tourniquet
      release was accompanied by a transient increase in muscle blood volume due to
      influx of oxyhemoglobin. The cytochrome aa3 oxidation level increased above
      resting base line within 1 min after tourniquet release. Transcutaneous PO2
      measurements recorded simultaneously from the same forearm correlated poorly with
      the kinetics of O2 availability and cytochrome oxidation in the underlying muscle
      tissue; this was not unexpected because overlying skin did not contribute
      significantly to NIR muscle signals. Venous outflow restriction without inflow
      obstruction increased muscle deoxyhemoglobin and tissue blood volume but did not
      change muscle O2 stores or cytochrome aa3 oxidation level. The ability of the NIR
      technique to detect dynamic trends in tissue oxygenation reveals that muscle O2
      is rapidly consumed during tourniquet ischemia and rapidly restored by hyperemic
      responses after brief ischemia.

PMID- 3403429
TI  - Respiratory pattern changes produced by intercostal muscle/rib vibration.
AB  - Large-amplitude vibration of the intercostal muscles/ribs has an inhibitory
      effect on inspiratory motor output. This effect has been attributed, in part, to
      the stimulation of intercostal muscle tendon organs. Intercostal muscle/rib
      vibration can also produce a decrease or increase in respiratory frequency.
      Studies were conducted 1) to determine whether, in addition to intercostal tendon
      organs, costovertebral joint mechanoreceptors (CVJR's) contribute to the
      inspiratory inhibitory effect of intercostal muscle/rib vibration (IMV) and 2) to
      explain the different respiratory frequency responses to IMV previously reported.
      Phrenic (C5) activity was monitored in paralyzed thoracotomized, artificially
      ventilated cats. Vibration (125 Hz) at amplitudes greater than 1,200 micron of
      one T6 intercostal space in decerebrated vagotomized rats reduced phrenic
      activity. This response was still present but weaker in some animals after
      denervation of the T6 intercostal muscles. Subsequent denervation of the T6
      CVJR's by dorsal root sections eliminated this effect. Respiratory frequency
      decreased during simultaneous vibration (greater than 1,200 micron) of the T5 and
      T7 intercostal spaces in vagotomized cats. Respiratory frequency increased during
      IMV of two intercostal spaces (greater than 1,300 micron) in vagal intact cats.
      The use of different anesthetics (pentobarbital, allobarbital) did not alter
      these results. We conclude that CVJR's may contribute to the inhibitory effect of
      IMV on medullary inspiratory activity. The presence or absence of pulmonary vagal
      afferents can account for the different respiratory frequency responses to IMV,
      and different anesthetics did not influence these results.

PMID- 3403430
TI  - Fluid filtration coefficient of isolated goat lungs was unchanged by endotoxin.
AB  - The Starling fluid filtration coefficient (Kf) of blood-perfused excised goat
      lungs was examined before and after infusion of Escherichia coli endotoxin. Kf
      was calculated from rate of weight gain as described by Drake et al. [Am. J.
      Physiol. 234 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 3): H266-H274, 1978]. These calculations were
      made twice during base line and then at hourly intervals for 5 h after infusion
      of 5 mg (approximately 250 micrograms/kg) of E. coli endotoxin or after injection
      of oleic acid (47 microliter/kg). All lungs were perfused at constant arterial
      and venous pressure under zone 3 conditions. Base-line Kf averaged 27 +/- 10 and
      20 +/- 4 (SD) microliter.min-1.cmH2O-1.g dry wt-1 for endotoxin and oleic acid
      groups, respectively. It was unchanged in the endotoxin group throughout the
      experiment but approximately doubled in the oleic acid lungs. Pulmonary arterial
      and venous pressures were not changed significantly during the course of these
      experiments in either group. Lung wet-to-dry weight ratios of these lungs were
      5.6 +/- 0.6 and 6.1 +/- 0.5 ml/g for the endotoxin and oleic acid groups,
      respectively. This compares with 4.6 +/- 0.5 ml/g for normal, freshly excised but
      not perfused goat lungs. The small change in lung water and unchanged pulmonary
      pressures after both endotoxin and oleic acid suggest that lung injury was
      minimal. We conclude that 1) endotoxin does not cause a direct injury to the
      endothelium of isolated lungs during the first 5 h of perfusion, and 2)
      neutrophils are not sufficient to cause increased Kf after endotoxin infusion in
      this preparation.

PMID- 3403431
TI  - Degradation of pulmonary surfactant disaturated phosphatidylcholines by alveolar
      macrophages.
AB  - Experiments were performed to determine whether rat pulmonary surfactant
      disaturated phosphatidylcholines (DSPC) are degraded by alveolar macrophages in
      vitro. When [3H]choline-labeled surfactant materials are incubated with unlabeled
      alveolar macrophages, approximately 40% of the labeled DSPC is broken down in 6
      h. There is just a slight decrease in the specific activity of DSPC, which
      suggests that most products of degradation are not reincorporated into DSPC, at
      least during the 6-h incubation period. There is a time- and temperature
      dependent association of surfactant DSPC with alveolar macrophages, and some of
      the cell-associated materials are released from the cell fragments after
      sonication. Association of surfactant with the cells precedes degradation. The
      breakdown of surfactant DSPC by intact alveolar macrophages lags behind that
      produced by sonicated cell preparations with disrupted cell membranes. These data
      and other information suggest that the surfactant materials are internalized by
      the cells, before the breakdown. The products of degradation probably include
      free choline and fatty acids, most of which appear in the extracellular fluid.
      The breakdown processes do not seem to depend on the physical form of the
      surfactant or on the presence of surfactant apoproteins. Incubation of the cells
      alone also results in disappearance of intracellular DSPC, some of which may be
      surfactant phospholipid taken up by the cells in vivo. These results indicate
      that alveolar macrophages can degrade surfactant DSPC and suggest that these
      cells may be involved in catabolism of pulmonary surfactant materials.

PMID- 3403432
TI  - Inspiratory muscles during exercise: a problem of supply and demand.
AB  - The capacity of inspiratory muscles to generate esophageal pressure at several
      lung volumes from functional residual capacity (FRC) to total lung capacity (TLC)
      and several flow rates from zero to maximal flow was measured in five normal
      subjects. Static capacity was 126 +/- 14.6 cmH2O at FRC, remained unchanged
      between 30 and 55% TLC, and decreased to 40 +/- 6.8 cmH2O at TLC. Dynamic
      capacity declined by a further 5.0 +/- 0.35% from the static pressure at any
      given lung volume for every liter per second increase in inspiratory flow. The
      subjects underwent progressive incremental exercise to maximum power and achieved
      1,800 +/- 45 kpm/min and maximum O2 uptake of 3,518 +/- 222 ml/min. During
      exercise peak esophageal pressure increased from 9.4 +/- 1.81 to 38.2 +/- 5.70
      cmH2O and end-inspiratory esophageal pressure increased from 7.8 +/- 0.52 to 22.5
      +/- 2.03 cmH2O from rest to maximum exercise. Because the estimated capacity
      available to meet these demands is critically dependent on end-inspiratory lung
      volume, the changes in lung volume during exercise were measured in three of the
      subjects using He dilution. End-expiratory volume was 52.3 +/- 2.42% TLC at rest
      and 38.5 +/- 0.79% TLC at maximum exercise.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3403433
TI  - Airway obstruction during periodic breathing in premature infants.
AB  - To characterize changes in pulmonary resistance, timing, and respiratory drive
      during periodic breathing, we studied 10 healthy preterm infants (body wt 1,340
      +/- 240 g, postconceptional age 35 +/- 2 wk). Periodic breathing in these infants
      was defined by characteristic cycles of ventilation with intervening respiratory
      pauses greater than or equal to 2 s. Nasal airflow was recorded with a
      pneumotachometer, and esophageal or pharyngeal pressure was recorded with a fluid
      filled catheter. Pulmonary resistance at half-maximal tidal volume, inspiratory
      time (TI), expiratory time (TE), and mean inspiratory flow (VT/TI) were derived
      from computer analysis of five cycles of periodic breathing per infant. In 80% of
      infants periodic breathing was accompanied by completely obstructed breaths at
      the onset of ventilatory cycles; the site of airway obstruction occurred within
      the pharynx. The first one-third of the ventilatory phase of each cycle was
      accompanied by the highest airway resistance of the entire cycle (168 +/- 98
      cmH2O.l-1.s). In all infants TI was greatest at the onset of the ventilatory
      cycle, VT/TI was maximal at the midpoint of the cycle, and TE was longest in the
      latter two-thirds of each cycle. A characteristic increase and subsequent
      decrease of 4.5 +/- 1.9 ml in end-expiratory volume also occurred within each
      cycle. These results demonstrate that partial or complete airway obstruction
      occurs during periodic breathing. Both apnea and periodic breathing share the
      element of upper airway instability common to premature infants.

PMID- 3403434
TI  - Antagonism of relaxation to isoproterenol caused by agonist interactions.
AB  - The interaction of contractile agonists on the relaxation elicited with
      isoproterenol (ISO) was studied in 112 tracheal smooth muscle (TSM) strips from
      20 dogs in vitro. Strips were contracted to the same active target tension (TT)
      with acetylcholine (ACh), histamine (HIS), serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT),
      potassium chloride (KCl), or the combinations of ACh + HIS, ACh + 5-HT, HIS +
      KCl, HIS + 5-HT (50% TT from each agonist). Although a less potent agonist,
      adding HIS to cause 50% of the TT reduced the concentration of ACh to elicit the
      remaining 50% TT and substantially altered relaxation by ISO compared with HIS
      alone [concentration required to achieve 50% relaxation (RC50) = 9.2 +/- 2.4 X
      10(-8) vs. 9.0 +/- 4.4 X 10(-9) M to HIS alone; P less than 0.003]. Relaxation
      for TSM strips contracted with ACh + HIS was comparable to that elicited from the
      same TT with ACh alone, although concentrations required in combination were
      lower than for either agonist alone. Trachealis strips contracted equivalently
      with KCl + HIS also had augmented contraction and attenuated relaxation (RC50 =
      3.7 +/- 0.8 X 10(-8) M; P less than 0.015 vs. HIS alone). However, combinations
      of 5-HT + ACh and 5-HT + HIS did not alter relaxation to ISO from that elicited
      by the weaker agonist alone. We demonstrate that TSM relaxation depends on the
      combination of agonists eliciting contraction and may be inhibited substantially
      by interactions among contractile agonists.

PMID- 3403435
TI  - Glycolysis is not required for fluid homeostasis in isolated rabbit lungs.
AB  - We investigated whether glycolysis was necessary to maintain the integrity of
      vascular endothelial and alveolar epithelial barriers in continually weighed
      isolated rabbit lungs. Lungs were perfused with a cell-free buffered salt
      solution, and glycolysis was inhibited with a glucose analogue (alpha-methyl
      glucoside, alpha-MG) or one of two glycolysis inhibitors (iodoacetic acid, IAA,
      or NaF). Fluid filtration rates (FFR's, the change in lung weight/time) in
      response to a 7.5-min zone 3 hydrostatic stress (pulmonary arterial and venous
      pressures raised from 8 to 15 cmH2O, alveolar pressure kept constant at 4 cm on
      the deflation limb) were repeatedly measured for 120 min after which the lungs
      were lavaged. The total protein concentration was measured in the bronchoalveolar
      lavage fluid (BALP). Lactate production was measured to verify inhibition of
      glycolysis. Lower concentrations of IAA and alpha-MG eliminated lactate
      production but did not affect FFR or BALP. NaF also had no effect on the FFR or
      BALP. Only high concentrations of IAA increased FFR and BALP, seemingly by
      causing nonspecific membrane injury that was unrelated to its specific effects on
      glycolysis. The glycolytic pathway for energy production is not necessary to
      maintain the integrity of the pulmonary endothelial-epithelial barrier.

PMID- 3403436
TI  - Pressure-volume and length-stress relationships in canine bronchi in vitro.
AB  - Intraparenchymal canine airway segments with branches tied off were mounted
      between two fluid-filled cannulas in an organ chamber. Airways were inflated to
      successive volumes ranging from 4 to 100% of the segment volume at 25 cmH2O. At
      each volume, pressure was monitored during isovolumetric contractions elicited by
      10(-3) M acetylcholine. Small bronchi developed pressures greater than 30 cmH2O
      in response to acetylcholine at all volumes and were able to constrict to
      closure. Large bronchi developed pressures greater than 30 cmH2O only near
      maximal volumes and were able to constrict to only 30% of maximal volume. Maximal
      active pressures occurred at low volumes in small bronchi and at high volumes in
      large bronchi. However, maximal active circumferential tension and stress
      occurred at near-maximal volumes in both large and small bronchi. Circumferential
      length active-stress curves and maximal active-stress development for bronchi and
      trachealis muscle strips were similar. Similar length active-stress properties in
      different bronchi may produce significant differences in volume-pressure
      characteristics.

PMID- 3403437
TI  - Prejunctional inhibitory muscarinic receptors on cholinergic nerves in human and
      guinea pig airways.
AB  - We have investigated whether prejunctional inhibitory muscarinic receptors
      ("autoreceptors") exist on cholinergic nerves in human airways in vitro and
      whether guinea pig trachea provides a good model for further pharmacological
      characterization of these receptors. Pilocarpine was used as a selective agonist
      and gallamine as a selective antagonist of these autoreceptors. Acetylcholine
      (ACh) release from postganglionic cholinergic nerves was elicited by electrical
      field stimulation (EFS) (40 V, 0.5 ms, 32 Hz). In human bronchi, pilocarpine
      inhibited the contractile response to EFS in a dose-related fashion; the dose
      inhibiting 50% of the control contraction was 2.2 +/- 0.4 x 10(-7) (SE) M (n =
      22), and the inhibition was 96% at 3 x 10(-5) M. The inhibitory effects of
      pilocarpine were antagonized by gallamine in a dose-related fashion. The results
      were qualitatively the same in the guinea pig. Gallamine significantly enhanced
      the contractile response to EFS in the guinea pig, whereas pirenzepine failed to
      do so, which suggests that M2-receptors are involved. We conclude that
      prejunctional muscarinic receptors that inhibit ACh release are present on
      cholinergic nerves in human airways and that guinea pig trachea is a good model
      for further pharmacological characterization of these receptors, which appear to
      belong to the M2-subtype.

PMID- 3403439
TI  - Endurance vs. strength training: comparison of cardiac structures using normal
      predicted values.
AB  - There are still disagreements concerning the adaptation of cardiac structures in
      relation to different training stimuli. To eliminate some of the variance due to
      individual differences in body surface area, we utilized a new approach based on
      the calculation of the percentages of each individual's normal predicted values
      (%NPV). We studied 46 strength (S, bodybuilders) and 57 endurance (E, runners)
      athletes. Left ventricular (LV) mass was 143.8 +/- 21.9 %NPV (mean +/- SD) in E
      vs. 134.3 +/- 23.4 %NPV in S (P less than 0.05), and LV volume was 131.0 +/- 24.0
      %NPV in E vs. 120.0 +/- 25.5 %NPV in S (P less than 0.05). Moreover, the LV wall
      thickness-to-radius ratio did not differ from normal values in either group. From
      these data we conclude that 1) cardiac modifications are greater in E than S, 2)
      the predominant stimulus is a volume overload type in both groups, and 3)
      concentric LV hypertrophy may not be as prevalent in S as previously suggested.

PMID- 3403438
TI  - Ventilatory response to hypoxia in unanesthetized newborn kittens.
AB  - We studied the ventilatory response to hypoxia in 11 unanesthetized newborn
      kittens (n = 54) between 2 and 36 days of age by use of a flow-through system.
      During quiet sleep, with a decrease in inspired O2 fraction from 21 to 10%,
      minute ventilation increased from 0.828 +/- 0.029 to 1.166 +/- 0.047 l.min-1.kg-1
      (P less than 0.001) and then decreased to 0.929 +/- 0.043 by 10 min of hypoxia.
      The late decrease in ventilation during hypoxia was related to a decrease in
      tidal volume (P less than 0.001). Respiratory frequency increased from 47 +/- 1
      to 56 +/- 2 breaths/min, and integrated diaphragmatic activity increased from
      14.9 +/- 0.9 to 20.2 +/- 1.4 arbitrary units; both remained elevated during
      hypoxia (P less than 0.001). Younger kittens (less than 10 days) had a greater
      decrease in ventilation than older kittens. These results suggest that the late
      decrease in ventilation during hypoxia in the newborn kitten is not central but
      is due to a peripheral mechanism located in the lungs or respiratory pump and
      affecting tidal volume primarily. We speculate that either pulmonary
      bronchoconstriction or mechanical uncoupling of diaphragm and chest wall may be
      involved.

PMID- 3403440
TI  - Hydraulic conductivity of lung venules determined by split-drop technique.
AB  - The split-drop method has been used to determine filtration rate per unit surface
      area in the single pulmonary venule. In isolated perfused lungs of nine dogs,
      blood flow was stopped at different vascular pressures. By means of a double
      micropuncture technique under stereomicroscopy, an oil drop was injected in a
      subpleural venule. The oil drop was then split with a solution of albumin (5.6
      g/100 ml) in Ringer lactate. As the Ringer-albumin solution filtered, the
      distance between the menisci of the split oil drop (split-drop length) decreased.
      The split-drop geometry and the rate of change of split-drop length were
      recorded. The calculated venular filtration rate per unit surface area related
      linearly with vascular pressure (P less than 0.05). The slope of the line equaled
      venular hydraulic conductivity, which averaged 2.9 +/- 0.02 x 10(-7)
      ml/(cm2.s.cmH2O). Hydraulic conductivity is lower in lung than in systemic
      venules.

PMID- 3403441
TI  - Convective exchange between the nose and the atmosphere.
AB  - It is generally accepted that there is little rebreathing of gas exhaled through
      the nose. A detailed physical model system has been used to quantify and identify
      the mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon. By the use of a cast of the upper
      respiratory tract and oscillating flows with a Reynolds number of 500 and
      nondimensional frequency of 1.6, corresponding to quiet tidal breathing through
      the nose, dye dilution measurements indicated an efficiency of tidal exchange of
      0.95. Flow visualization studies performed to trace the expiratory flow, as well
      as the streamlines during steady inspiratory flow, support the hypothesis that
      the high efficiency of exchange is due to radical differences in the velocity
      fields between inspiratory and expiratory phases of this oscillatory flow. These
      findings confirm that convective gas exchange between the nose and the atmosphere
      is highly efficient; however, the underlying mechanism responsible for this
      exchange also maximizes the exposure of the respiratory system to aerosols
      contained in the ambient atmosphere.

PMID- 3403442
TI  - Peripheral vascular responses to hyperthermia in the rat.
AB  - To investigate the sequence and nature of the peripheral vascular responses
      during the prodromal period of heat stroke, rats were implanted with Doppler flow
      probes on the superior mesenteric (SMA), left iliac (LIA) or left renal (LRA),
      and external caudal (ECA) arteries. Studies were performed in unanesthetized rats
      (n = 6) exposed to 46 degrees C and in chloralose-anesthetized animals (n = 11)
      at 40 degrees C. Core (Tc) and tail-skin temperatures, heart rate, and mean
      arterial blood pressure (MAP) were also monitored. In both groups, prolonged (70
      150 min) exposure progressively elevated Tc from 37.0 to 44.0 degrees C. MAP rose
      to a plateau then fell precipitously as Tc exceeded 41.5 degrees C. SMA
      resistance increased throughout the early stages of heating, with a sharp decline
      from this elevated level 10-15 min before the precipitous fall in MAP. ECA
      resistance fell initially but increased in the terminal stage of heating. In
      unanesthetized animals, LIA resistance progressively declined. In chloralose
      anesthetized animals LRA resistance rose progressively, then increased markedly
      as Tc exceeded 41.5 degrees C. These data support the hypothesis that a selective
      loss of compensatory splanchnic vasoconstriction may trigger the cascade of
      events that characterize heat stroke. This differential vascular response was
      similar in both unanesthetized and anesthetized animals.

PMID- 3403443
TI  - Coronary blood flow reserve during +Gz stress and treadmill exercise in miniature
      swine.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to compare the coronary blood flow reserve (CBFR)
      that exists during maximal +Gz stress to the CBFR during maximal exercise stress.
      Maximal exercise stress was defined as an exercise intensity greater than or
      equal to that necessary to produce maximal levels of O2 consumption (VO2max).
      Coronary blood flows (CBF) were determined with the use of the microsphere
      technique in chronically instrumented conscious miniature swine during +Gz stress
      and exercise stress at 70 and 100% of maximal tolerance (for each stress) before
      and after maximal coronary vasodilation with 1-2 mg/kg dipyridamole. CBFR was
      measured as the amount of blood flow increase produced by maximal coronary
      vasodilation. During exercise at VO2max, dipyridamole produced 20-30% increases
      in CBF, whereas it induced no coronary vasodilation or changes in CBF during +Gz
      stress. Dipyridamole also produced decreases in the animals' tolerance to +Gz in
      that all five animals could maintain a steady state for 60 s at 7 +Gz before
      dipyridamole, whereas only two of these animals could maintain a steady state for
      60 s at 7 +Gz after dipyridamole. These results confirm that CBFR exists during
      maximal exercise in normal mammals. However, this dose of dipyridamole produced
      no coronary vasodilation during either level of +Gz stress.

PMID- 3403444
TI  - Control of inspiratory duration in premature infants.
AB  - We used single-breath mechanical loads and airway occlusions in premature infants
      to determine whether maturation influences the reflex control of inspiratory
      duration. We measured flow, volume, airway pressure, and surface diaphragmatic
      electromyogram (EMG) in 10 healthy preterm infants [33 +/- 1 (SD) wk gestation],
      2-7 days of age. Three resistive and two elastic loads and occlusions were
      applied to the inspiratory outlet of a two-way respiratory valve. Application of
      all loads resulted in inspired volumes significantly decreased from control (P
      less than 0.001), and these decreases were progressive with increasing loads.
      Inspiratory duration (TI) was prolonged from control by all loads and occlusions
      when measured from the diaphragmatic EMG (neural TI) and by all but the smaller
      elastic load when measured from the flow tracing (mechanical TI). Similar
      decreases in inspired volume at the end of neural TI produced by application of
      both elastic and resistive loads resulted in comparable prolongation of neural
      TI. In contrast, for comparable volume decrements, resistive loading prolonged
      mechanical TI more than elastic loading (P less than 0.001). Mechanical and
      neural TI values of the breath after the loaded breath were unchanged from
      control values. Comparison of the neural volume-timing relationship in premature
      infants with our data in full-term infants suggests that the strength of the
      timing response to similar relative decrements in inspired volume is comparable.
      We conclude that reflex control of neural TI in premature infants depends on the
      magnitude of inspired volume and is independent of the volume
      trajectory.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3403445
TI  - The lung at high altitude: bronchoalveolar lavage in acute mountain sickness and
      pulmonary edema.
AB  - High-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE), a severe form of altitude illness that can
      occur in young healthy individuals, is a noncardiogenic form of edema that is
      associated with high concentrations of proteins and cells in bronchoalveolar
      lavage (BAL) fluid (Schoene et al., J. Am. Med. Assoc. 256: 63-69, 1986). We
      hypothesized that acute mountain sickness (AMS) in which gas exchange is impaired
      to a milder degree is a precursor to HAPE. We therefore performed BAL with 0.89%
      NaCl by fiberoptic bronchoscopy in eight subjects at 4,400 m (barometric pressure
      = 440 Torr) on Mt. McKinley to evaluate the cellular and biochemical responses of
      the lung at high altitude. The subjects included one healthy control (arterial O2
      saturation = 83%), three climbers with HAPE (mean arterial O2 saturation = 55.0
      +/- 5.0%), and four with AMS (arterial O2 saturation = 70.0 +/- 2.4%). Cell
      counts and differentials were done immediately on the BAL fluid, and the
      remainder was frozen for protein and biochemical analysis to be performed later.
      The results of this and of the earlier study mentioned above showed that the
      total leukocyte count (X10(5)/ml) in BAL fluid was 3.5 +/- 2.0 for HAPE, 0.9 +/-
      4.0 for AMS, and 0.7 +/- 0.6 for controls, with predominantly alveolar
      macrophages in HAPE. The total protein concentration (mg/dl) was 616.0 +/- 3.3
      for HAPE, 10.4 +/- 8.3 for AMS, and 12.0 +/- 3.4 for controls, with both large-
      (immunoglobulin M) and small- (albumin) molecular-weight proteins present in
      HAPE.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3403446
TI  - Axial dispersion in respiratory bronchioles and alveolar ducts.
AB  - The mixing of gases in the pulmonary acinus was characterized by analyzing axial
      gas dispersion during steady flow in models of respiratory bronchioles and
      alveolar ducts. An analysis (method of moments) developed for addressing
      dispersion in porous media was used to derive an integral expression for the
      axial dispersion coefficient (D*). Evaluation of D* required solving the Navier
      Stokes equations for the flow field and a convection-diffusion type equation
      arising from the analysis. D* was strongly dependent on alveolar volume per
      central duct volume, the aperture size through which the alveoli communicate with
      the central duct, and the Peclet number (Pe). At smaller Pe (flow rate) D* was
      substantially smaller than the molecular diffusion coefficient, whereas at larger
      Pe (flow rate) D* was much greater than the Taylor-Aris result for flow-enhanced
      dispersion in straight tubes. Also, flow-enhanced dispersion became appreciable
      at smaller Pe than indicated by the Taylor-Aris result. These behaviors transcend
      both the lower and upper limits established previously for gas mixing in the
      pulmonary acinus.

PMID- 3403447
TI  - Determinants of endurance in well-trained cyclists.
AB  - Fourteen competitive cyclists who possessed a similar maximum O2 consumption (VO2
      max; range, 4.6-5.0 l/min) were compared regarding blood lactate responses,
      glycogen usage, and endurance during submaximal exercise. Seven subjects reached
      their blood lactate threshold (LT) during exercise of a relatively low intensity
      (group L) (i.e., 65.8 +/- 1.7% VO2 max), whereas exercise of a relatively high
      intensity was required to elicit LT in the other seven men (group H) (i.e., 81.5
      +/- 1.8% VO2 max; P less than 0.001). Time to fatigue during exercise at 88% of
      VO2 max was more than twofold longer in group H compared with group L (60.8 +/-
      3.1 vs. 29.1 +/- 5.0 min; P less than 0.001). Over 92% of the variance in
      performance was related to the % VO2 max at LT and muscle capillary density. The
      vastus lateralis muscle of group L was stressed more than that of group H during
      submaximal cycling (i.e., 79% VO2 max), as reflected by more than a twofold
      greater (P less than 0.001) rate of glycogen utilization and blood lactate
      concentration. The quality of the vastus lateralis in groups H and L was similar
      regarding mitochondrial enzyme activity, whereas group H possessed a greater
      percentage of type I muscle fibers (66.7 +/- 5.2 vs. 46.9 +/- 3.8; P less than
      0.01). The differing metabolic responses to submaximal exercise observed between
      the two groups appeared to be specific to the leg extension phase of cycling,
      since the blood lactate responses of the two groups were comparable during uphill
      running. These data indicate that endurance can vary greatly among individuals
      with an equal VO2 max.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3403448
TI  - Chest wall and respiratory system mechanics in cats: effects of flow and volume.
AB  - The effects of inspiratory flow rate and inflation volume on the resistive
      properties of the chest wall were investigated in six anesthetized paralyzed cats
      by use of the technique of rapid airway occlusion during constant flow inflation.
      This allowed measurement of the intrinsic resistance (Rw,min) and overall dynamic
      inspiratory impedance (Rw,max), which includes the additional pressure losses due
      to time constant inequalities within the chest wall tissues and/or stress
      adaptation. These results, together with our previous data pertaining to the lung
      (Kochi et al., J. Appl. Physiol. 64: 441-450, 1988), allowed us to determine Rmin
      and Rmax of the total respiratory system (rs). We observed that 1) Rw,max and
      Rrs,max exhibited marked frequency dependence; 2) Rw,min was independent of flow
      (V) and inspired volume (delta V), whereas Rrs,min increased linearly with V and
      decreased with increasing delta V; 3) Rw,max decreased with increasing V, whereas
      Rrs,max exhibited a minimum value at a flow rate substantially higher than the
      resting range of V; 4) both Rw,max and Rrs,max increased with increasing delta V.
      We conclude that during resting breathing, flow resistance of the chest wall and
      total respiratory system, as conventionally measured, includes a significant
      component reflecting time constant inequalities and/or stress adaptation
      phenomena.

PMID- 3403449
TI  - Respiratory load compensation in neuromuscular disorders.
AB  - First-breath ventilatory responses to graded elastic (delta E) and resistive
      (delta R) loads from 10 people with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), 15 people with
      Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), and 80 able-bodied people were compared. The
      SMA and DMD groups produced equal tidal volume, respiratory frequency,
      inspiratory duration (TI), expiratory duration, mean inspiratory airflow, and
      duty cycle responses to both delta E and delta R. Thus SMA (primarily a
      motoneuron disorder) and DMD (primarily a muscle disorder) have the same net
      effect on loaded breathing responses. The SMA and DMD groups failed to duplicate
      the normal group's short expirations during delta E, long inspirations during
      delta R, and thus, extended duty cycles during both delta E and delta R. The
      deficit in load compensation therefore was due to impaired regulation of
      respiratory timing (reflecting neural mechanisms) but not airflow defense
      (reflecting mechanical and neural mechanisms). One-fifth of the normal but none
      of the SMA or DMD subjects actively generated an "optimal" TI response (defined
      theoretically as TI greater than 160% control during large delta R and TI less
      than 75% control during large delta E). This lack of optimal responses, which is
      the same abnormality exhibited by quadriplegic people, suggests that SMA and DMD
      also impair human ability to discriminate between large delta R and delta E.
      These findings support the hypothesis that neuromuscular disorders can lead to
      disturbances in respiratory perception.

PMID- 3403450
TI  - Sympathoadrenal response to repetitive exercise in normal and asthmatic subjects.
AB  - To explore the role of catecholamine release in the pathogenesis of exercise
      induced asthma, we had seven asthmatic and seven normal subjects undergo three
      hourly exercise challenges that were matched for inspired air temperature, minute
      ventilation, and relative work loads. Pulmonary mechanics and plasma epinephrine
      and norepinephrine were measured before, at end exercise, and serially after each
      challenge. There were no differences in the pattern of sympathoadrenal response
      of asthmatic and normal subjects, and both groups released sufficient quantities
      of epinephrine and norepinephrine into the peripheral circulation to allow these
      compounds to function as circulating hormones. As the catecholamines rose with
      repetitive exercise, progressive bronchodilation occurred in the asthmatics at
      the end of the work load, thus decreasing the apparent magnitude of the
      obstructive response. In addition to their effects on airway smooth muscle, the
      alpha-adrenergic actions of both catecholamines may have reduced airway wall
      hyperemia and edema. These data demonstrate that asthmatics do not have a defect
      in catecholamine release during exercise and that the physiological expression of
      exercise-induced asthma can be modulated by the sympathoadrenal epiphenomena that
      are associated with physical exertion.

PMID- 3403451
TI  - Effects of endotoxemia on the sheep lung microvascular membrane: a two-pore
      theory.
AB  - We analyzed the effects of Escherichia coli endotoxin infusion on pulmonary
      microvessels in sheep by using a two-pore mathematical model of the microvascular
      barrier. Five sheep were prepared with lung lymph fistulas and instrumented to
      measure pulmonary arterial and left atrial pressures. Multiple indicator-dilution
      curves (with 125I-labeled albumin, 51Cr-labeled erythrocytes, [14C]urea, and
      3H2O) were measured at base line and during phases 1 and 2 of the endotoxin
      response. Alterations in the membrane integrity in response to endotoxin infusion
      were quantified by using a two-pore theory of the microvascular barrier that
      incorporated lymph, protein, pressure, and multiple indicator measurements. The
      modeling results showed a slight change in the size of the pores during phase 1
      but a 56% decrease in the number of small pores and a twofold increase in the
      number of large pores with respect to base-line values. During phase 2 the large
      pore size increased by 40%, and the total number of pores returned to base-line
      values. The analysis showed that endotoxin effects on fluid and protein exchange
      in the lung cannot be explained by hemodynamic and surface area changes alone. An
      apparent increase in lung microvascular permeability occurs during phases 1 and 2
      of the endotoxin reaction, with a substantial decrease in perfused microvascular
      surface area during phase 1.

PMID- 3403452
TI  - In situ NADH laser fluorimetry of rat fast- and slow-twitch muscles during
      tetanus.
AB  - To investigate the variations of oxidation-reduction status of fast- and slow
      twitch muscles during intense contractions, we performed in situ NADH laser
      fluorimetry during 25-s tetanus in extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and in soleus
      (SOL) muscles of eight Sprague-Dawley rats anesthetized with pentobarbital
      sodium. At base line the compensated NADH fluorescence (F0) was not significantly
      different between EDL and SOL. In EDL, tetanic stimulation induced an increase of
      F0, which rapidly reached a plateau that was 124% over the base-line value and
      stable until the end of the stimulation. In SOL, after an initial shouldering
      there was a continuous increase of F0 until the end of tetanus, reaching 275% of
      the base-line value. After the stimulation the initial rate of recovery was
      significantly faster in SOL than in EDL. We conclude that during and after
      intense contraction the variation of NADH content vs. time can be evaluated by in
      situ NADH laser fluorimetry in different muscle types. This nondestructive method
      can be helpful to differentiate in situ the various physiological or pathological
      oxidative capabilities of skeletal muscles.

PMID- 3403453
TI  - Exercise-induced muscle damage, repair, and adaptation in humans.
AB  - This study examined exercise-induced muscle damage, repair, and rapid adaptation.
      Eight college-age women performed three eccentric exercises of the forearm
      flexors. One arm performed 70 maximal contractions (70-MAX condition), and the
      other arm performed 24 maximal contractions (24-MAX) followed 2 wk later by 70
      maximal contractions (70-MAX2). Criterion measures of serum creatine kinase,
      muscle soreness and pain, isometric strength, and muscle shortening were assessed
      before, immediately after, and for 5 days after each exercise. Significant
      changes in all criterion measures were found after the 70-MAX exercise with a
      slow recovery that was not complete by day 5 after exercise. The 24-MAX condition
      showed only small changes in the criterion measures. Changes in the criterion
      measures after the 70-MAX2 exercise were significantly smaller than those after
      the 70-MAX exercise. Results from this study, with regard to the ability of the
      muscle to adapt to exercise-induced damage, suggest that an adaptation takes
      place such that the muscle is more resistant to damage and any damage that does
      occur is repaired at a faster rate. It is also clear that a relatively small
      insult will produce this adaptation.

PMID- 3403454
TI  - Pulmonary function in young and older athletes and untrained men.
AB  - This study compared the lung volumes and pulmonary functions of older endurance
      trained athletes with those of healthy sedentary age-matched controls, young
      athletes, and young untrained men to determine whether training affects the age
      associated changes in these variables. Despite large differences in maximal 02
      consumption (VO2max), the older athletes and their sedentary peers had similar
      values for all pulmonary variables when expressed as absolute values. However,
      because the older athletes were shorter than the older sedentary men, their vital
      capacity, total lung capacity (TLC), and forced expiratory volume in 1 s were
      significantly larger than those of the older sedentary men when normalized for
      age and height; the average values for maximal voluntary ventilation and residual
      volume (RV) were also larger in the older athletes when normalized for age and
      height, but the differences were not significant. The young trained and untrained
      men did not differ in any of these measures. TLC was the only pulmonary variable
      that was the same in the young and older men; RV and the RV-to-TLC ratio were
      larger, whereas all other pulmonary function and volume measures were lower in
      the older men compared with the younger men. The older athletes were the only
      group whose lung volumes and pulmonary function measures were all, except for RV,
      substantially greater than expected based on their age and height. Thus prolonged
      strenuous endurance training in these older highly trained endurance athletes
      appears to have altered the decline in pulmonary function and volumes associated
      with aging.

PMID- 3403457
TI  - Effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields on Na+ fluxes across stripped rabbit
      colon epithelium.
AB  - The effect of pulsed electromagnetic fields on the electrical potential and two
      way flux of Na+ across the epithelium of the rabbit colon in vitro was
      investigated. In control experiments the transepithelial mucosal-to-serosal and
      serosal-to-mucosal fluxes (Jm----s and Js----m) were constant over the
      experimental period. When the epithelium was at right angles to the applied
      electromagnetic field, the Jm----s flux of Na+ was reduced, whereas Js----m was
      enhanced. When the epithelium was rotated 180 degrees, Jm----s was enhanced,
      whereas Js----m was reduced. When the epithelium was mounted parallel to the
      magnetic field, both Jm----s and Js----m of Na+ were increased, the latter
      continuing to increase after the field was turned off. When the tissue was
      rotated 180 degrees, the same enhanced flux was observed, but now the Jm----s
      flux showed the greatest increase, which again occurred in the period after the
      field was turned off. The rate of decrease of transepithelial potential
      difference in all orientations was less than the control. Also, the conductance
      increased in orientations 2-4 and decreased in orientation 1 after the field had
      been applied. This suggests that pulsed electromagnetic fields can have a direct
      effect on the movement of Na+ across tissue and transepithelial potentials. The
      mechanism may depend on several factors, such as induced changes in certain ion
      pumps, the membrane potential, and the surface charge of cell wall proteins.

PMID- 3403455
TI  - Strenuous exercise causes systemic endotoxemia.
AB  - Eighteen triathletes were studied before and immediately after competing in an
      ultradistance triathlon. Their mean plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
      concentrations increased from 0.081 to 0.294 ng/ml (P less than 0.001), and their
      mean plasma anti-LPS immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations decreased from 67.63
      to 38.99 micrograms/ml (P less than 0.001). Both pretriathlon plasma LPS and anti
      LPS IgG levels were directly related to the intensity of training (P less than
      0.02 and P less than 0.01, respectively). It is possible that training-induced
      stress led to some leakage of LPS into the circulation, which, in turn, resulted
      in self-immunization against LPS. The effects on athletic performance in relation
      to exercise-induced changes in plasma LPS and anti-LPS IgG levels require further
      investigation.

PMID- 3403456
TI  - Cardiovascular and hormonal responses to swimming and running in the rat.
AB  - Hemodynamic and hormonal responses were studied during swimming (SW) and running
      (R) and in cage-confined (C) female Wistar rats at base line and 4 and 8 wk of
      training. Myocardial tissue levels of norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (EPI)
      were also measured at the end of 8 wk of training. Mean arterial blood pressure
      (BP), heart rate (HR), and blood samples for arterial lactate, plasma NE and EPI,
      and blood gases were obtained at rest and at 20, 40, and 60 min of exercise.
      After 4 wk of SW, a resting bradycardia was observed, and HR response for the
      remaining 4 wk was attenuated with SW compared with HR during R. BP and blood
      gases remained unchanged between the two groups. R resulted in increased arterial
      lactate concentrations compared with C and SW at base line but was not different
      from SW at 4 wk. SW elicited higher plasma levels of NE and EPI compared with C
      at base line and C and R at 4 wk. Myocardial tissue NE and EPI concentrations
      were markedly increased in both the left and right ventricle of the SW group
      compared with both R and C. These results indicate that BP and blood gases are
      not different between chronic R and SW and suggest a possible sympathoadrenal
      role in the differences observed in cardiac adaptations between R and SW.

PMID- 3403458
TI  - Breathing response to lung congestion with and without left heart distension.
AB  - This study compared the effect of lung congestion with and without left heart
      (LH) distension on breathing frequency (fr) and discriminated among responses
      mediated by myelinated and nonmyelinated vagal afferents. Cardiopulmonary bypass
      perfusion of anesthetized dogs was used to isolate reflexes. The following three
      groups were prepared: 1) lung vessels pressurized by pumping into the main
      pulmonary artery (MPA); 2) lungs and fibrillating LH pressurized by pumping into
      MPA while draining from LH; 3) lungs congested by occluding several pulmonary
      veins while holding cardiac output constant. Congestion of lungs alone in groups
      1 and 3 depressed fr. Congestion of lungs and distension of LH (group 2) caused
      transient depression of fr but a steady-state excitation. Cooling cervical vagi
      to 8 degrees C prevented depression of fr by congestion in all groups. In groups
      1 and 2, in which MPA pressure was higher than in group 3, congestion during
      vagal cooling stimulated breathing. I conclude that lung congestion may stimulate
      fr via C-fiber afferents, but this may be overcome by a depressor effect via
      myelinated afferents. Simultaneous LH distension may reflexly stimulate breathing
      and overcome the lung depressor reflex.

PMID- 3403459
TI  - Mathematical simulation of forced expiration.
AB  - Flow limitation during forced expiration is simulated by a mathematical model.
      This model draws on the pressure-area law obtained in the accompanying paper, and
      the methods of analysis for one-dimensional flow in collapsible tubes developed
      by Shapiro (Trans. ASME J. Biomech. Eng. 99: 126-147, 1977). These methods
      represent an improvement over previous models in that 1) the effects of changing
      lung volume and of parenchymal-bronchial interdependence are simulated; 2) a more
      realistic representation of collapsed airways is employed; 3) a solution is
      obtained mouthward of the flow-limiting site by allowing for a smooth transition
      from sub- to supercritical flow speeds, then matching mouth pressure by imposing
      an elastic jump (an abrupt transition from super- to subcritical flow speeds) at
      the appropriate location; and 4) the effects of levels of effort (or vacuum
      pressure) in excess of those required to produce incipient flow limitation are
      examined, including the effects of potential physiological limitation.

PMID- 3403460
TI  - Pendelluft and mixing in a single bifurcation lung model during high-frequency
      oscillation.
AB  - A single bifurcation with an adjustable daughter branch compliance ratio (VR) was
      used to simultaneously study pendelluft and longitudinal mixing during flow
      oscillations at frequencies (f) of 1-15 Hz and amplitudes (VOp) of 25-150 ml/s.
      Mixing coefficients (Deff) were determined from the dispersion of a CO2 bolus
      centered at the bifurcation point, and pendelluft volume was computed as a
      fraction of mother branch tidal volume (PVF) using measurements of airflow in the
      daughter branches. Plotted against frequency, PVF was a bell-shaped curve
      insensitive to the value of VOp. When VR = 2, a PVF peak of 0.25 appeared at f =
      3 Hz, and when VR = 5, a PVF peak of 0.75 appeared at f = 4 Hz. After
      normalization by control values at VR = 1, Deff curves were also bell shaped,
      insensitive to the value of VOp and with peaks appearing at the same frequencies
      as the PVF peaks. The normalized Deff peak values were 1.7 when VR = 2 and 4.0
      when VR = 5. The similarities in the PVF and Deff curves imply a direct
      relationship between pendelluft and enhanced mixing.

PMID- 3403461
TI  - Fever and regional blood flows in wethers and parturient ewes.
AB  - To determine whether the reported absence of fever in full-term-pregnant ewes
      might be associated with shifts of regional blood flows from thermogenic tissues
      to placenta during this critical period, fevers were induced twice by injections
      of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 0.25 microgram/kg iv) into each of
      six Merino ewes from 8 to 1 days prepartum, and their regional blood flow
      distribution was measured with radioactive, 15-microns-diam microspheres before
      and during the rise in fever (when their rectal temperature had risen
      approximately 0.4 degree C). Unexpectedly, fever always developed, rising to
      heights not significantly different at any time before parturition [4-8 days
      prepartum = 0.81 +/- 0.23 degree C (SE); 1-3 days prepartum = 0.75 +/- 0.17
      degree C) and similar to those in three wethers treated similarly (0.90 +/- 0.10
      degree C). Generally, during rising fever, blood flow in the ewes shifted away
      from heat loss tissues (e.g., skin, nose) to heat production tissues (e.g.,
      shivering muscle, fat) and cardiac output increased; blood flow through
      redistribution organs (e.g., splanchnic bed) decreased. The reverse occurred
      during defervescence. Utero-placental blood flow remained high in the febrile
      ewes. These regional blood flow distributions during febrigenesis and lysis are
      essentially the same as those during exposures to ambient cold and heat,
      respectively. Some differences in the responses of cardiac output and its
      redistribution, however, were apparent between wethers and pregnant ewes. We
      conclude that 1) the previously reported "absence of fever in the full-term
      pregnant sheep" should not be regarded as a general phenomenon and 2) full-term
      pregnant sheep support fever production without sacrificing placental blood flow.

PMID- 3403462
TI  - Chemical and mechanical determinants of apnea during high-frequency ventilation.
AB  - The factors responsible for the apnea observed during high-frequency ventilation
      (HFV) were evaluated in 14 pentobarbital sodium-anesthetized cats. A multiple
      logistic regression analysis provided an estimate of the probability of apnea
      during HFV as a function of four respiratory variables: mean airway pressure
      (Paw), tidal volume (VT), frequency, and arterial PCO2 (PaCO2). When mean Paw was
      2 cmH2O, PaCO2, VT, and their interaction contributed significantly to the
      probability of apnea during HFV. At a low value of PaCO2 (25 Torr), the
      probability of apnea had a minimum value of 0.19 and gradually increased toward
      1.0 as VT increased from 0.5 to 7 ml/kg. At higher levels of PaCO2 (30 and 35
      Torr) the probability of apnea was zero in the low range of VT but sharply
      approached 1.0 above a VT of approximately 2.0 ml/kg. However, when Paw was
      increased to 6 cmH2O, only PaCO2 was an important determinant of apnea. In this
      case, the probability of apnea was 0.51 when PaCO2 was 25 Torr but decreased to
      0.22 when PaCO2 was raised to 25 Torr. At neither Paw was the probability of
      apnea dependent on frequency. These results suggest that chemoreceptor inputs, in
      addition to both static and dynamic lung mechanoreceptor afferents, are
      responsible for determining the output of the central respiratory centers during
      HFV.

PMID- 3403463
TI  - Improved postischemic recovery of cardiac pump function in exercised trained
      diabetic rats.
AB  - This study examined whether exercise training of diabetic rats (streptozocin, 55
      mg/kg) would affect the ability of perfused hearts to recover pump function after
      75 min of ischemia and 30 min of reperfusion. All hearts were perfused with
      buffer containing the diabetic plasma concentrations of glucose and free fatty
      acids. Four groups were studied: sedentary control, trained control, sedentary
      diabetic, and trained diabetic. Trained control and diabetic rats were exercised
      on a treadmill at 5% grade, 21 m/min, 90 min/day, 6 days/wk for 8 wk. Sedentary
      diabetics had significantly lower body weight and elevated plasma glucose,
      triacylglycerol, and cholesterol relative to both control groups. Hearts from
      this group exhibited depressed postischemic recovery of pump function during
      reperfusion. In contrast, trained diabetic rats exhibited significantly lower
      plasma levels of triacylglycerol and cholesterol relative to sedentary diabetics.
      The postischemic recovery of cardiac pump function was improved in hearts from
      trained diabetic rats relative to sedentary diabetics. Exercise training had no
      effect on control rats. These results suggest that exercise training produces an
      antihyperlipidemic effect in diabetic rats and improves the tolerance of the
      diabetic heart to ischemia.

PMID- 3403464
TI  - Hypoxia-induced enhancement of nonspecific bronchial reactivity: role of
      leukotrienes.
AB  - Because alveolar hypoxia has been shown to cause an increase of leukotrienes in
      lung lavage fluid, we tested the hypothesis that enhancement of nonspecific
      bronchial reactivity during alveolar hypoxia may be mediated by leukotrienes. In
      nine conscious sheep we determined specific lung resistance (sRL) before and
      after exposure to either air or a hypoxic gas mixture (13% O2) for 30 min. The
      sheep then inhaled 50 breaths of aerosolized 5% histamine solution (n = 6) or 10
      breaths of 2.5% carbachol solution (n = 6) on different days, and the
      measurements of sRL were repeated. On subsequent days the above protocols were
      repeated after pretreatment with aerosolized FPL 57231 (3 ml, 1% solution), a
      leukotriene receptor antagonist. Inhalation of histamine and carbachol after
      exposure to air caused an increase in mean sRL to 337 and 342% of base line,
      respectively (P less than 0.05). Exposure to the hypoxic gas mixture had no
      effect on sRL but enhanced the histamine- and carbachol-induced increases in mean
      sRL to 621 and 646% of base line, respectively (P less than 0.05); these
      increases were significantly higher than those observed after air exposure (P
      less than 0.05). FPL 57231 prevented the hypoxia-induced enhancement of bronchial
      reactivity to histamine and carbachol without affecting the airway responsiveness
      to these agents after air. In another group of eight sheep, aerosolized
      leukotriene C4, at a dose (50 micrograms) that per se had no affect on sRL,
      enhanced the bronchial reactivity to carbachol. These data suggest that in sheep
      during alveolar hypoxia airway hyperresponsiveness may be due to the priming of
      airway smooth muscle by leukotrienes.

PMID- 3403465
TI  - Upper airway pressure receptors alter expiratory muscle EMG and motor unit
      firing.
AB  - To examine the effects of upper airway negative pressure (UAW NP) afferents on
      respiratory muscle activity during expiration (TE), diaphragm electromyograms
      (EMG) and triangularis sterni EMG and single motor unit activity were recorded
      from supine anesthetized tracheotomized cats while they breathed 100% O2. The
      period of TE during which the diaphragm was electrically active (TE-1) and the
      period of TE during which the diaphragm was quiescent (TE-2) were both increased
      with continuous UAW NP (P less than 0.001 and P less than 0.05, respectively), as
      was TE-1 as a percent of TE (P less than 0.001). Continuous UAW NP reduced peak
      triangularis sterni EMG (P less than 0.001) and delayed its expiratory onset (P
      less than 0.005) but did not alter its duration of firing. Changes in
      triangularis sterni EMG were due to a combination of complete cessation of motor
      unit activity (2 of 17 motor units), a reduction in mean motor unit firing
      frequency (P less than 0.02), and a delay in the expiratory onset of motor unit
      activity (P less than 0.001). Qualitatively similar results were obtained when
      UAW NP was applied during inspiration only. We conclude that 1) UAW NP has
      reciprocal stimulatory and inhibitory influences on diaphragm and triangularis
      sterni muscle electrical activity, respectively, during expiration, and 2) the
      reductions in triangularis sterni EMG are due to both motor unit derecruitment
      and a slowing of motor unit firing frequency.

PMID- 3403466
TI  - Effects of amiloride and diethyl pyrocarbonate on CSF HCO-3 and ventilation in
      hypercapnia.
AB  - Amiloride (10(-3) M), a Na+-H+ countertransport inhibitor, infused into the
      cisterna magna (10 microliter/min for 40 min) of ketamine-xylazine-anesthetized
      rabbits decreased the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) HCO3- response to 3 h of
      hypercapnia [arterial PCO2 (PaCO2) = 60 Torr] by 21.6% (mean delta CSF [HCO3
      ]/delta PaCO2 0.232 vs. 0.296 mmol.l-1.Torr-1, P less than 0.05). Diethyl
      pyrocarbonate (DEPC, 10(-3) M), a histidine-blocking agent, infused into the
      cisterna magna decreased the CSF HCO3- response to hypercapnia by 25.3% (mean
      delta CSF [HCO3-]/delta PaCO2, 0.230 vs. 0.308 mmol.l-1.Torr-1, P less than
      0.02). DEPC is known to inhibit the ventilatory response to hypercapnia (E.
      Nattie. Respir. Physiol. 64: 161-176, 1986) by a direct effect at the
      ventrolateral medulla (E. Nattie. J. Appl. Physiol. 61: 843-850, 1986). In this
      study amiloride had no significant effect on the ventilatory response to
      hypercapnia. The interpretation is that a Na+-H+ countertransport protein,
      perhaps with a histidine at a key location, is involved in CSF acid-base
      regulation and that amiloride appears to have no effects on the chemoreception
      process. DEPC appears to have effects on chemoreception and on CSF acid-base
      regulation.

PMID- 3403467
TI  - Physiological and biochemical correlates of increased work in trained iron
      deficient rats.
AB  - We investigated physiological and biochemical factors associated with the
      improved work capacity of trained iron-deficient rats. Female 21-day-old rats
      were assigned to one of four groups, two dietary groups (50 and 6 ppm dietary
      iron) subdivided into two levels of activity (sedentary and treadmill trained).
      Iron deficiency decreased hemoglobin (61%), maximal O2 uptake. (VO2max) (40%),
      skeletal muscle mitochondrial oxidase activities (59-90%), and running endurance
      (94%). In contrast, activities of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzymes in
      skeletal muscle were largely unaffected. Four weeks of mild training in iron
      deficient rats resulted in improved blood lactate homeostasis during exercise and
      increased VO2max (15%), TCA cycle enzymes of skeletal muscle (27-58%) and heart
      (29%), and liver NADH oxidase (34%) but did not affect any of these parameters in
      the iron-sufficient animals. In iron-deficient rats training affected neither the
      blood hemoglobin level nor any measured iron-dependent enzyme pathway of skeletal
      muscle but substantially increased endurance (230%). We conclude that the
      training-induced increase in endurance in iron-deficient rats may be related to
      cardiovascular improvements, elevations in liver oxidative capacity, and
      increases in the activities of oxidative enzymes that do not contain iron in
      skeletal and cardiac muscle.

PMID- 3403468
TI  - Pulmonary effects of acute prenatal asphyxia in ventilated premature lambs.
AB  - The effect of profound repetitive prenatal asphyxial insults on the
      cardiopulmonary function of premature ventilated lambs was studied. Twenty-nine
      fetal lambs (approximately 138 days gestational age) were exteriorized. In 16 of
      these lambs, the umbilical cord was occluded for 4 min then released for 10 min.
      This asphyxial episode was repeated until the arterial pH was approximately 7.00,
      and the mean arterial blood pressure was less than 40 mmHg and falling. The 13
      control lambs were simply exteriorized with the umbilical circulation intact. The
      lambs were then ventilated for 3-4 h. There were no differences between the
      control vs. asphyxiated lambs in pulmonary compliances (0.57 and 0.58 ml.cmH2O
      1.kg-1) wet-to-dry weight ratios (8.18 and 7.55), cardiac outputs (177.8 and
      141.8 ml.kg-1.min-1), surfactant-saturated phosphatidylcholine pool sizes, or
      atrial and/or ductal shunts. Asphyxia did not interfere with the redirection of
      blood away from atelectatic lung segments created by bronchial obstruction with
      balloon catheters. Also, although the bidirectional flux of protein into and out
      of the airways of these preterm lambs was large relative to term lambs, there was
      no effect of asphyxia on this protein leak. In this animal model, prenatal
      asphyxia did not impact negatively on the severity of the respiratory failure.

PMID- 3403469
TI  - Measurement of airway mucosal perfusion and water volume with an inert soluble
      gas.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a new in vivo technique for
      the measurement of tracheal mucosal blood flow (Qtr) and tissue water volume
      (VH2O) with an inert soluble gas. The technique was based on the notion that the
      uptake of dimethyl ether (VDME) from an isolated tracheal segment is governed by
      VH2O (transient state) and Qtr (steady state). In lightly anesthetized sheep, an
      endotracheal tube with two cuffs placed 14.5-16.5 cm apart was placed to create a
      chamber into which dimethyl ether was introduced and from which VDMME into the
      mucosa was determined with a sensitive pneumotachograph. Mean Qtr was 1.20 ml/min
      (range 0.87-1.73), and mean VH2O was 1.67 ml (range 1.27-2.26). Qtr correlated
      with cardiac output but not with body weight or tracheal mucosal surface area
      determined by He dilution. VH2O did not show a correlation with any of these
      parameters. The response to selected pharmacological agents suggested that the
      measurements of Qtr and VH2O are independent of each other and from changes in
      tracheal diameter. Mean Qtr was 80% of mean tracheal mucosal blood flow measured
      with radiolabeled microspheres. We concluded that the inert soluble gas method is
      capable of measuring in vivo the perfusion and a water compartment of the intact
      tracheal mucosa.

PMID- 3403470
TI  - Microvascular pressures during hypoxia in isolated lungs of newborn rabbits.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine the sites of hypoxic vasoconstriction
      in lungs of newborn rabbits. We isolated and perfused with blood the lungs from
      19 rabbit pups, 7-23 days old. We maintained blood flow constant, continuously
      monitored pulmonary arterial and left atrial pressures, and alternated
      ventilation of the lungs with 95% O2-5% CO2 (control), and 95% N2-5% CO2
      (hypoxia). Using micropipettes and a servonulling device, we measured pressures
      in 20-60-micron-diam subpleural arterioles and venules during control and hypoxic
      conditions. We inflated the lungs to a constant airway pressure of 5-7 cmH2O and
      kept left atrial pressure greater than airway pressure (zone 3) during
      micropuncture. In eight lungs we measured microvascular pressures first during
      control and then during hypoxia. We reversed this order in four lungs. In seven
      lungs we measured microvascular pressures only during hypoxia. We found a
      significant increase in pulmonary arterial pressure with no change in
      microvascular pressures. These results indicate that the site of hypoxic
      vasoconstriction in lungs of newborn rabbits is arteries greater than 60 micron
      in diameter.

PMID- 3403471
TI  - Diameter and flow velocity changes in small pulmonary vessels due to
      microembolization.
AB  - The pulmonary vascular bed was embolized with glass beads in small doses that
      induced no significant changes in pulmonary arterial pressure in anesthetized
      cats. We analyzed changes in internal diameter (ID), flow velocity, and volume
      flow of embolized and nonembolized arteries simultaneously with ID changes of
      small veins. In embolized arteries, with 180-, 300-, and 500-microns beads, ID
      constricted maximally in just proximal portions of the plug by 22, 23, and 17%,
      respectively, but with 840-microns beads, no ID constriction occurred. With 50
      microns beads, the maximum ID constriction occurred in arteries of 200-300
      microns but not in those of 100-200 microns. The constriction decreased in the
      upstream larger arteries and disappeared in those greater than 800 microns ID. In
      the nonembolized arteries no ID change occurred. Veins constricted slightly
      compared with arteries. By heparin pretreatment, ID constriction was slightly
      attenuated in arteries and was almost abolished in veins, whereas it was not
      affected with hexamethonium bromide. At a branching site, volume flow to an
      embolized artery decreased because of a decrease in ID and flow velocity, whereas
      volume flow to a nonembolized artery increased because of an increase in flow
      velocity. We concluded that pulmonary microembolization induced a
      vasoconstriction chiefly in small pulmonary arteries upstream to the plug. After
      embolization, blood flow was locally redistributed from an embolized to a
      nonembolized artery at a branching site. Arterial vasoconstriction may be
      mediated chiefly by local mechanical factors.

PMID- 3403472
TI  - Adenosine transport by the lung.
AB  - Adenosine, a nucleoside and potent vasodilator, has been found to be taken up by
      the lung and converted by deamination into inosine and hypoxanthine. In a single
      circulation through an isolated rat lung, 69.3 +/- 3.3% of infused [14C]adenosine
      (10 microM) was removed from the circulation. Uptake of [14C]adenosine remained
      unchanged when deamination of adenosine was inhibited by 8-azaguanine or
      coformycin. In a single passage of adenosine through the pulmonary artery, very
      little of the deaminated products appeared in the pulmonary circulation, but when
      adenosine was recirculated through the pulmonary circulation inosine and
      hypoxanthine appeared in the venous effluent. These adenosine metabolites were
      also taken up by the lung. A major portion of the circulating adenosine was
      transported into the lung, where it was used to synthesize adenine nucleotides.
      Inhibition of adenosine kinase by iodotubercidin resulted in reduced formation of
      ATP and ADP. Uptake of adenosine by the lung was saturable on a concentration
      gradient and was a passive process because it was not affected by the absence of
      glucose or the presence of ouabain. Km and Vmax for adenosine transport were
      0.227 mM and 4.6 mumol.min-1.g lung-1, respectively. Adenosine transport was
      inhibited by adenosine analogues, and the inhibitions were found to be
      competitive in nature. These results suggest that a specific and rate-limiting
      transport system exists in the lung for adenosine.

PMID- 3403473
TI  - Accuracy of respiratory inductive plethysmographic cross-sectional areas.
AB  - The present study was undertaken to evaluate whether the respiratory inductive
      plethysmograph (RIP) 1) reflects changes of cross-sectional area enclosed by its
      transducer band in the presence of deformations of shape or whether it 2) has a
      stable base line. Testing of RIP was carried out with a device incorporating a
      thermally compensated oscillator and digital demodulatory circuitry. This system,
      introduced to commerce in 1983, superceded the nonthermal compensated oscillatory
      and analog demodulator circuitry first used in 1977. Testing the effects of
      changing cross-sectional area was accomplished by stretching a standard RIP
      transducer band around wooden dowels placed in holes on a peg board grid to form
      23 curved and 5 rectangular shapes. The output voltage from RIP was linear for
      both the curved and rectangular shapes for changes of cross-sectional area within
      a physiological range. However, the regression line of voltage vs. cross
      sectional area for the rectangular shapes was parallel and slightly displaced
      from the regression line for the curved shapes due to mutual coupling of
      inductance in the corners. Base-line drift from a RIP transducer band stretched
      to enclose an elliptical shape was less than 2.5 mV over a 12-h observation
      period. Current RIP technology accurately reflects changes of cross-sectional
      area of physiological shapes and has a stable base line.

PMID- 3403474
TI  - Variability of resting respiratory drive and timing in healthy subjects.
AB  - Studies of breathing pattern have focused primarily on changes in the mean values
      of the breathing pattern components, whereas there has been minimal investigation
      of breath-to-breath variability, which should provide information on the
      constancy with which respiration is controlled. In this study we examined the
      variability of breathing pattern both on a breath-to-breath and day-to-day basis
      by calculating the coefficient of variation (i.e., the standard deviation
      expressed as a percentage of the mean). By examining breath-to-breath data, we
      found that the coefficients of variation of tidal volume (VT) and fractional
      inspiratory time (TI/TT, an index of timing) obtained with an inductive
      plethysmograph and spirometer were within 1% of each other. Examination of breath
      to-breath variability in breathing pattern over a 15-min period in 65 subjects
      revealed large coefficients of variation, indicating the need to base
      calculations on a relatively large number of breaths. Less breath-to-breath
      variability was observed in respiratory frequency [f, 20.8 +/- 11.5% (SD)] and
      TI/TT (17.9 +/- 6.5%) than in VT (33 +/- 14.9%) and mean inspiratory flow (VT/TI,
      an index of drive; 31.6 +/- 12.6%; P less than 0.0001). Older subjects (60-81 yr)
      displayed greater breath-to-breath variability than young subjects (21-50 yr).
      Use of a mouthpiece did not affect the degree of variability.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3403475
TI  - Shift in body fluid compartments after dehydration in humans.
AB  - To investigate the influence of [Na+] in sweat on the distribution of body water
      during dehydration, we studied 10 volunteer subjects who exercised (40% of
      maximal aerobic power) in the heat [36 degrees C, less than 30% relative humidity
      (rh)] for 90-110 min to produce a dehydration of 2.3% body wt (delta TW). After
      dehydration, the subjects rested for 1 h in a thermoneutral environment (28
      degrees C, less than 30% rh), after which time the changes in the body fluid
      compartments were assessed. We measured plasma volume, plasma osmolality, and
      [Na+], [K+], and [Cl-] in plasma, together with sweat and urine volumes and their
      ionic concentrations before and after dehydration. The change in the
      extracellular fluid space (delta ECF) was estimated from chloride distribution
      and the change in the intracellular fluid space (delta ICF) was calculated by
      subtracting delta ECF from delta TW. The decrease in the ICF space was correlated
      with the increase in plasma osmolality (r = -0.74, P less than 0.02). The
      increase in plasma osmolality was a function of the loss of free water (delta
      FW), estimated from the equation delta FW = delta TW - (loss of osmotically
      active substance in sweat and urine)/(control plasma osmolality) (r = -0.79, P
      less than 0.01). Free water loss, which is analogous to "free water clearance" in
      renal function, showed a strongly inverse correlation with [Na+] in sweat (r = 
      0.97, P less than 0.001). Fluid movement out of the ICF space attenuated the
      decrease in the ECF space.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3403476
TI  - Role of osmolality and plasma volume during rehydration in humans.
AB  - To determine how the sodium content of ingested fluids affects drinking and the
      restoration of the body fluid compartments after dehydration, we studied six
      subjects during 4 h of recovery from 90-110 min of a heat [36 degrees C, less
      than 30% relative humidity (rh)] and exercise (40% maximal aerobic power)
      exposure, which caused body weight to decrease by 2.3%. During the 1st h,
      subjects rested seated without any fluids in a thermoneutral environment (28
      degrees C, less than 30% rh) to allow the body fluid compartments to stabilize.
      Over the next 3 h, subjects rehydrated ad libitum using tap water and capsules
      containing either placebo (H2O-R) or 0.45 g NaCl (Na-R) per 100 ml water. During
      the 3-h rehydration period, subjects restored 68% of the lost water during H2O-R,
      whereas they restored 82% during Na-R (P less than 0.05). Urine volume was
      greater in H2O-R than in Na-R; thus only 51% of the lost water was retained
      during H2O-R, whereas 71% was retained during Na-R (P less than 0.05). Plasma
      osmolality was elevated throughout the rehydration period in Na-R, whereas it
      returned to the control level by 30 min in H2O-R (P less than 0.05). Changes in
      free water clearance followed changes in plasma osmolality. The restoration of
      plasma volume during Na-R was 174% of that lost. During H2O-R it was 78%, which
      seemed to be sufficient to diminish volume-dependent dipsogenic
      stimulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3403477
TI  - Indirect estimate of perimicrovascular pressure rise in edema in isolated zone 1
      lung.
AB  - To determine how liquid accumulation affects extra-alveolar perimicrovascular
      interstitial pressure, we measured filtration rate under zone 1 conditions (25
      cmH2O alveolar pressure, 20 or 10 cmH2O vascular pressure) in isolated dog lung
      lobes in which all vessels were filled with autologous plasma. In the base-line
      condition, starting with normal extra-alveolar water content, filtration rate
      decreased by about one-half over 1 h as edema liquid slowly accumulated. We
      repeated each experiment after inducing edema (up to 100% lung weight gain). The
      absolute values and time course of filtration in the edema condition did not
      differ from base-line, i.e., the edema did not affect the time course of
      filtration. To compute the maximal initial and maximal change in extra-alveolar
      perimicrovascular pressure that occurred over each 1-h filtration study, we first
      assumed that the reflection coefficient is 0 in the Starling equation, then
      calculated perimicrovascular pressure and filtration coefficient from two
      equations with two unknowns. The mean filtration coefficient in 10 lobes is 0.063
      g/(min X cmH2O X 100 g wet wt), and the initial perimicrovascular pressure is 3.9
      cmH2O, rising by 4-7 cmH2O at 1 h. Finally we tested low protein perfusates and
      found the filtration rate was higher. We calculated an overall reflection
      coefficient = 0.44, a decrease in the initial perimicrovascular pressure to 1.9
      cmH2O and a slightly lower increase after 1 h of edema formation, 2.2-6.6 cmH2O.

PMID- 3403478
TI  - Venous occlusion pressure and vascular permeability in the dog lung after air
      embolization.
AB  - Pulmonary edema has frequently been associated with air embolization of the lung.
      In the present study the hemodynamic effects of air emboli (AE) were studied in
      the isolated mechanically ventilated canine right lower lung lobe (RLL), pump
      perfused at a constant blood flow. Air was infused via the pulmonary artery (n =
      7) at 0.6 ml/min until pulmonary arterial pressure (Pa) rose 250%. While Pa rose
      from 12.4 +/- 0.6 to 44.6 +/- 2.0 (SE) cmH2O (P less than 0.05), venous occlusion
      pressure remained constant (7.0 +/- 0.5 to 6.8 +/- 0.6 cmH2O; P greater than
      0.05). Lobar vascular resistance (RT) increased from 2.8 +/- 0.3 to 12.1 +/- 0.2
      Torr.ml-1.min.10(-2) (P less than 0.05), whereas the venous occlusion technique
      used to determine the segmental distribution of vascular resistance indicated the
      increase in RT was confined to vessels upstream to the veins. Control lobes (n =
      7) administered saline at a similar rate showed no significant hemodynamic
      changes. As an index of microvascular injury the pulmonary filtration coefficient
      (Kf) was obtained by sequential elevations of lobar vascular pressures. The Kf
      was 0.11 +/- 0.01 and 0.07 +/- 0.01 ml.min-1.Torr-1.100 g RLL-1 in AE and control
      lobes, respectively (P less than 0.05). Despite a higher Kf in AE lobes, total
      lobe weight gains did not differ and airway fluid was not seen in the AE group.
      Although air embolization caused an increase in upstream resistance and vascular
      permeability, venous occlusion pressure did not increase, and marked edema did
      not occur.

PMID- 3403479
TI  - Filtration profile in isolated zone 1 and zone 3 dog lungs at constant high
      alveolar pressure.
AB  - We measured the rate of liquid filtration in isolated dog lung lobes inflated to
      a constant alveolar pressure of 25 cmH2O and with all open vessels filled with
      plasma. We measured lung weight gain at vascular pressures ranging from 5 to 40
      cmH2O relative to pleural pressure. We confirmed that under zone 1 conditions the
      "arterial" and "venous" extra-alveolar segments have essentially the same
      filtration characteristics. Using the combined extra-alveolar vascular system, we
      determined when recruitment of filtration surface area occurred as we increased
      vascular pressure from 0 to 40 cmH2O. Based on an abrupt increase in filtration
      rate as vascular pressure approached the zone 1/3 boundary, we infer that a
      sudden recruitment of exchange surface area occurred at that point. Based on the
      slopes of the zone 1 and zone 3 filtration profiles, we conclude that extra
      alveolar vascular segments contribute approximately 25% of total to filtration in
      the lung under zone 3 conditions, although the exact vessels filtering under zone
      1 conditions have yet to be determined. Our analysis of the data supports the
      concept that there is a difference in the perimicrovascular pressure around
      alveolar and extra-alveolar vessels, which in part may account for the apparent
      high filtration fraction apportioned to extra-alveolar vessels.

PMID- 3403480
TI  - Adaptation of bone and tendon to prolonged hindlimb suspension in rats.
AB  - The rat hindlimb suspension model was used to ascertain the importance of ground
      reaction forces in maintaining bone and tendon homeostasis. Young female Sprague
      Dawley rats were randomly assigned to either a suspended or a nonsuspended group.
      After 28 days, femur bones and patellar tendons were obtained for morphological
      and biochemical analyses. Prolonged suspension induced a significant change in
      the geometric configuration of the femur middiaphysis by increasing the minimum
      diameter (12%) without any significant alterations in cortical area, density,
      mineral, and collagen concentrations. Femur wet weight, length, DNA, and uronic
      acid concentrations of suspended animals were not significantly different from
      bones of nonsuspended rats. However, the collagen and proteoglycan concentrations
      in patellar tendons of suspended rats were 28% lower than the concentrations of
      matrix proteins in tissues obtained from nonsuspended animals. These data suggest
      that elimination of ground reaction forces induces alterations in tendon
      composition and femur diaphyseal shape by changing regional rates in bone
      remodeling and localized tendon strain. Therefore it appears that ground reaction
      forces are an important factor in the maintenance of cortical bone and patellar
      tendon homeostasis during weight-bearing conditions.

PMID- 3403481
TI  - Influences of superior laryngeal afferent stimulation on expiratory activity in
      cats.
AB  - The effects of superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) stimulation on the activity of the
      expiratory muscles and medullary expiration-related (ER) neurons were
      investigated in 24 pentobarbital-anesthetized cats. In some experiments the
      animals were also paralyzed and artificially ventilated. Sustained tetanic
      stimulation of SLN consistently caused an apneic response associated with the
      appearance of tonic CO2-dependent activity in the expiratory muscles and in ER
      neurons located in the caudal ventral respiratory group (VRG) and the Botzinger
      complex. Single shocks or brief tetani at the same stimulation intensities failed
      to evoke excitatory responses in the expiratory muscles and in the vast majority
      of ER neurons tested. At higher stimulation strengths, single shocks or short
      tetani elicited excitatory responses in the expiratory muscles (20- to 35-ms
      latency) and in the majority of ER neurons of the caudal VRG (7.5- to 15.5-ms
      latency). These responses were obtained only during the expiratory phase and
      proved to be CO2 independent. On the contrary, only inhibitory responses were
      evoked in the activity of Botzinger complex neurons. The observed tonic
      expiratory activity most likely represents a disinhibition phenomenon due to the
      suppression of inspiratory activity; activation of expiratory muscles at higher
      stimulation intensities appears to be a polysynaptic reflex mediated by ER
      neurons of the caudal VRG but not by Botzinger complex neurons.

PMID- 3403482
TI  - Extrathoracic and intrathoracic removal of O3 in tidal-breathing humans.
AB  - We measured the efficiency of O3 removal from inspired air by the extrathoracic
      and intrathoracic airways in 18 healthy, nonsmoking, young male volunteers.
      Removal efficiencies were measured as a function of O3 concentration (0.1, 0.2,
      and 0.4 ppm), mode of breathing (nose only, mouth only, and oronasal), and
      respiration frequency (12 and 24 breaths/min). Subjects were placed in a
      controlled environmental chamber into which O3 was introduced. A small
      polyethylene tube was then inserted into the nose of each subject, with the tip
      positioned in the posterior pharynx. Samples of air were collected from the
      posterior pharynx through the tube and into a rapidly responding O3 analyzer
      yielding inspiratory and expiratory O3 concentrations in the posterior pharynx.
      The O3 removal efficiency of the extrathoracic airways was computed with the use
      of the inspiratory concentration and the chamber concentration, and intrathoracic
      removal efficiency was computed with the use of the inspiratory and expiratory
      concentrations. The mean extrathoracic removal efficiency for all measurements
      was 39.6 +/- 0.7% (SE), and the mean intrathoracic removal efficiency was 91.0 +/
      0.5%. Significantly less O3 was removed both extrathoracically and
      intrathoracically when subjects breathed at 24 breaths/min compared with 12
      breaths/min (P less than 0.001). O3 concentration had no effect on extrathoracic
      removal efficiency, but there was a significantly greater intrathoracic removal
      efficiency at 0.4 ppm than at 0.1 ppm (P less than 0.05). Mode of breathing
      significantly affected extrathoracic removal efficiency, with less O3 removed
      during nasal breathing than during either mouth breathing or oronasal breathing
      (P less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3403483
TI  - Effect of epinephrine on neutrophil kinetics in rabbit lungs.
AB  - The effect of epinephrine on neutrophil (PMN) kinetics in rabbit lungs was
      evaluated by measuring the retention of radiolabeled PMN's in the lung, the
      exchange rate between the marginated and circulating pools of PMN's, and the
      erythrocyte (RBC) transit time. Epinephrine treatment decreased RBC transit times
      and increased exchange rates in the regions with the shortest transit times but
      did not change the pulmonary recovery of radiolabeled PMN's. When regions of
      similar RBC transit time were compared, epinephrine did not affect PMN retention
      at short transit times but did produce greater retention at long transit times.
      These data suggest that the major effect of epinephrine was to increase the
      proportion of the lung having short RBC transit times and fast exchange rates
      between the marginated and circulating pools. However, this effect did not
      decrease the overall retention of PMN's most likely because it was balanced by
      recruitment of additional capillary segments, which increased PMN retention in
      regions with longer transit times.

PMID- 3403484
TI  - Single-breath DLCO maneuver causes cardiac output to fall during and after
      cycling.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of the single-breath
      pulmonary diffusing capacity (DLCO) breath-hold maneuver on central hemodynamics.
      Ten men (mean age 24 yr) were studied at rest, during 40 min of cycling at 40 and
      60% of peak O2 uptake, and 10 min into recovery. DLCO was measured in the seated
      position during a 10-s breath hold at total lung capacity. At rest the breath
      hold caused a significant fall in stroke volume (SV, -16%) and an increase in
      heart rate (HR, +20%) with no change in cardiac output (Q). The resting DLCO of
      36.5 ml.min-1.mmHg-1 increased by 28 and 48%, respectively, during the low- and
      moderate-intensity cycling. The breath hold while cycling caused a significant
      decrease in SV and Q, but HR did not change. Likewise, during recovery SV and Q
      fell with the breath hold but again HR did not change. A significant fall in
      systolic (-17%), diastolic (-12.5%), and mean arterial pressure (-15%) occurred
      during the breath hold at rest and during and after the exercise. The reduction
      observed in SV and blood pressure most likely reflected a decrease in venous
      return. The differences observed in the HR response before, compared with during
      and after exercise, were consistent with a resetting or shift in the operating
      point of the arterial baroreflex. Because blood flow fell during the exercise and
      recovery breath-hold maneuver, the "true" DLCO may have been underestimated
      during and after cycling.

PMID- 3403485
TI  - Lung inflation does not increase maximal expiratory flow during induced
      obstruction in the dog.
AB  - A deep inflation (DI) reverses induced bronchoconstriction in normal human
      subjects whether assessed by airway resistance before and after a DI or by
      isovolumic maximal expiratory flows (Vmax) from partial expiratory flow-volume
      (PEFV) vs. maximum expiratory flow-volume (MEFV) maneuvers. These observations
      suggest that with induced constriction the hysteresis of airways exceeds that of
      the parenchyma. In contrast with humans, a previous study of ours on dogs
      indicated that induced increases in airway resistance were unaffected by DI,
      suggesting that hysteresis of airways and parenchyma were equal. We hypothesized
      therefore that in constricted dog lungs, any differences that might arise in
      isovolumic Vmax between PEFV and MEFV maneuvers would not be due to changes in
      airway caliber but rather would be wholly determined by isovolumic differences in
      deflational recoil pressures. Recoil pressures were dynamically measured using
      six separate alveolar capsules in each of six dogs. At base line there were no
      significant differences between isovolumic recoil pressures or maximal flows with
      volume history, suggesting equal degrees of airway and parenchymal hysteresis.
      After histamine-induced constriction there were also no isovolumic differences in
      flows, but due to striking nonhomogeneities in dynamic recoil pressure among
      alveolar capsules, it was not possible to express a single meaningful recoil
      pressure pertinent to the lungs as a whole. These findings are consistent with
      the idea that isovolumic comparisons of Vmax serve as a reasonable indicator of
      changes in the relative degree of airway and parenchymal hysteresis.

PMID- 3403486
TI  - Sympathetic neural influences on muscle blood flow in rats during submaximal
      exercise.
AB  - These experiments were designed to estimate the involvement of the sympathetic
      innervation in regulation of hindlimb muscle blood flow distribution among and
      within muscles during submaximal locomotory exercise in rats. Blood flows to 32
      hindlimb muscles and 13 other selected tissues were measured using the
      radiolabeled microsphere technique, before exercise and at 0.5, 2, 5, and 15 min
      of treadmill exercise at 15 m/min. The two groups of rats studied were 1) intact
      control, and 2) acutely sympathectomized (hindlimb sympathectomy accomplished by
      bilateral section of the lumbar sympathetic chain and its connections to the
      spinal cord at L2-L3). There were no differences in total hindlimb muscle blood
      flow among the two groups during preexercise or at 30 s or 2 min of exercise.
      However, flow was higher in eight individual muscles at 2 min of exercise in the
      sympathectomized rats. At 5 and 15 min of exercise there was higher total
      hindlimb muscle blood flow in the denervated group compared with control. These
      differences were also present in many individual muscles. Our results suggest
      that 1) sympathetic nerves do not exert a net influence on the initial elevations
      in muscle blood flow at the beginning of exercise, 2) sympathetic nerves are
      involved in regulating muscle blood flow during steady-state submaximal exercise
      in conscious rats, and 3) these changes are seen in muscles of all fiber types.

PMID- 3403487
TI  - Development of stability of the respiratory system in preterm infants.
AB  - Chest wall distortion leads to increased minute volume displacement of the
      diaphragm (MVDD) and diaphragmatic work (DW) in preterm infants. Lung mechanics,
      MVDD, and DW were measured at weekly intervals in six preterm infants between 29
      and 36 wk postconceptional age. Over the period of study, MVDD and DW decreased
      significantly, whereas dynamic lung compliance consistently increased. There was
      no consistent change in the pulmonary ventilation, total pulmonary resistance,
      the work performed on the lungs, or the change in intraesophageal pressure with
      tidal breathing. The improvement in the stability of the chest wall, as indicated
      by the change in these dynamic measurements of diaphragmatic function, parallels
      the decrease in static chest wall compliance and the clinical course of the
      resolution of apnea of prematurity.

PMID- 3403489
TI  - Effect of alveolar hypoxia on pulmonary fluid filtration in in situ dog lungs.
AB  - We have studied the effect of alveolar hypoxia on fluid filtration
      characteristics of the pulmonary microcirculation in an in situ left upper lobe
      preparation with near static flow conditions (20 ml/min). In six dogs (group 1),
      rate of edema formation (delta W/delta t, where W is weight and t is time) was
      assessed over a wide range of vascular pressures under two inspired O2 fraction
      (FIO2) conditions (0.95 and 0.0 with 5% CO2-balance N2 in both cases). delta
      W/delta t was plotted against vascular pressure, and the best-fit linear
      regression was obtained. There was no significant difference (paired t test) in
      either threshold pressure for edema formation [18.3 +/- 1.8 and 17.1 +/- 1.2 (SE)
      mmHg, respectively] or the slopes (0.067 +/- 0.008 and 0.073 +/- 0.017 g.min-1.
      mmHg-1.100g-1, respectively). In another seven dogs (group 2), delta W/delta t
      was obtained at a constant vascular pressure of 40 mmHg under four FIO2
      conditions (0.95, 0.21, 0.05, and 0.0, with 5% CO2-balance N2). Delta W/delta t
      for the four conditions averaged 0.60 +/- 0.11, 0.61 +/- 0.11, 0.61 +/- 0.10, and
      0.61 +/- 0.10 (SE) g.min-1.mmHg-1.100g-1, respectively. No significant
      differences (ANOVA for repeated measures) were noted. We conclude that alveolar
      hypoxia does not alter the threshold for edema formation or delta W/delta t at a
      given microvascular pressure.

PMID- 3403488
TI  - Rapid increase in mast cell numbers in canine central and peripheral airways.
AB  - In preliminary studies of antigen-induced airway inflammation, we noted an
      apparent increase in peribronchiolar mast cell number. Experiments were thus
      undertaken to investigate the nature of this migration of mast cells into the
      central and peripheral airway epithelium and to determine its time course. The
      tracheae and small airways of 10 anesthetized mongrel dogs were exposed via a
      bronchoscope to Ascaris suum antigen (Ag), fMet-Leu-Phe (fMLP), ovalbumin (OVA),
      and isotonic saline (SAL). In the central airways, all stimuli provoked a
      significant increase (P less than 0.05) in mast cell numbers at the base of the
      airway epithelium within 3 h. In the peripheral airways, only Ag aerosol
      stimulated a significant mast cell increase compared with unexposed tissue. In a
      second series of experiments, the trachea of seven dogs were exposed to 0.026,
      0.26, and 2.6 micrograms of Ag. The tissue was collected at 1, 3, 6, and 10 h
      after exposure. In these experiments, there was a significant mast cell increase
      seen within 1 h but it was not dose dependent. By 6-10 h after exposure, mast
      cell counts were not significantly different from the unexposed condition, which
      is consistent with the idea that some of the cells either degranulated or
      migrated into the airway lumen. We conclude that mast cell migration is an acute
      response that can be demonstrated within 1 h of stimulation with Ag. The
      observation that nonimmunological stimuli may, in some cases, also stimulate mast
      cell movement affords the possibility that this process represents a generalized
      response to airway irritation.

PMID- 3403490
TI  - Computer model of fetal-maternal heat exchange in sheep.
AB  - We constructed and used a mathematical model of maternal-fetal heat exchange in
      the sheep to explore the effects of changes in certain parameters on steady-state
      fetal temperatures and to determine whether the fetus in the model has any
      potential to control its own temperature. The model took into account both fetal
      and placental heat production and exchange of heat in the placenta, across the
      fetal skin, via amniotic fluid, and through the uterine wall. The maternal ewe
      was assumed to be a constant temperature heat sink. Changes in placental or fetal
      heat production were calculated to change the ratio of heat exiting across the
      placenta or fetal skin significantly but to have little effect on fetal core
      temperature, e.g., a rise of only 0.8 degrees C was predicted after a twofold
      increase in fetal heat production. Fetal placental blood flow was calculated to
      affect fetal temperature the most of any flow, a reduction to zero causing fetal
      temperature to rise 5.0 degrees C. Changes in heat conductances between fetal
      skin and amniotic fluid, or between amniotic fluid and uterine wall, had minimal
      effect on fetal temperature. From the model calculations here and because heat
      exchange within the sheep placenta has previously been calculated to be extremely
      efficient, we conclude that the fetal sheep has little ability to control its
      temperature by changes in heat dissipated through extraplacental pathways. Thus
      the model predicts an effective heat clamp that closely links fetal to maternal
      temperature.

PMID- 3403491
TI  - Independence of brain and tympanic temperatures in an unanesthetized human.
AB  - Temperature within the brain and the esophagus and at the tympanum were obtained
      in a 12-yr-old male in a series of experiments that began 8 days after surgery
      for implantation of a drainage catheter. Fanning the face did reduce tympanic
      temperature but not temperature in the brain; brain temperatures followed
      esophageal temperatures. In long-term monitoring, temperature in the lateral
      ventricle was 0.5 degree C above esophageal temperature and 0.2 degree C below
      that in white matter 1 cm above, with the offsets fixed throughout the overnight
      cycle. All temperatures went through similar excursions when the face was
      excluded from fanning applied to the body. These observations highlight the fact
      that in humans the defense against hyperthermia takes advantage of cooling
      distributed over the entire skin surface.

PMID- 3403492
TI  - Is glycogen depletion related to muscular activity?

PMID- 3403494
TI  - Thermoregulatory responses of middle-aged and young men during dry-heat
      acclimation.
AB  - Thermoregulatory responses during heat acclimation were compared between nine
      young (mean age 21.2 yr) and nine middle-aged men (mean age 46.4 yr) who were
      matched (P greater than 0.05) for body weight, surface area, surface area-to
      weight ratio, percent body fat, and maximal aerobic power. After evaluation in a
      comfortable environment (22 degrees C, 50% relative humidity), the men were heat
      acclimated by treadmill walking (1.56 m/s, 5% grade) for two 50-min exercise
      bouts separated by 10 min of rest for 10 consecutive days in a hot dry (49
      degrees C ambient temperature, 20% relative humidity) environment. During the
      first day of heat exposure performance time was 27 min longer (P less than 0.05)
      for the middle-aged men, whereas final rectal and skin temperatures and heart
      rate were lower, and final total body sweat loss was higher (P less than 0.05)
      compared with the young men. These thermoregulatory advantages for the middle
      aged men persisted for the first few days of exercise-heat acclimation (P less
      than 0.05). After acclimation no thermoregulatory or performance time differences
      were observed between groups (P greater than 0.05). Sweating sensitivity,
      esophageal temperature at sweating onset, and the sweating onset time did not
      differ (P greater than 0.05) between groups either pre- or postacclimatization.
      Plasma osmolality and sodium concentration were slightly lower for the young men
      both pre- and postacclimatization; however, both groups had a similar percent
      change in plasma volume from rest to exercise during these tests.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3403493
TI  - Airway smooth muscle responsiveness from dogs with airway hyperresponsiveness
      after O3 inhalation.
AB  - Airway hyperresponsiveness occurs after inhalation of O3 in dogs. The purpose of
      this study was to examine the responsiveness of trachealis smooth muscle in vitro
      to electrical field stimulation, exogenous acetylcholine, and potassium chloride
      from dogs with airway hyperresponsiveness after inhaled O3 in vivo and to compare
      this with the responsiveness of trachealis muscle from control dogs. In addition,
      excitatory junction potentials were measured with the use of single and double
      sucrose gap techniques in both groups of dogs to determine whether inhaled O3
      affects the release of acetylcholine from parasympathetic nerves in trachealis
      muscle. Airway hyperresponsiveness developed in all dogs after inhaled O3 (3 ppm
      for 30 min). The acetylcholine provocative concentration decreased from 4.11
      mg/ml before O3 inhalation to 0.66 mg/ml after O3 (P less than 0.0001). The
      acetylcholine provocative concentration increased slightly after control
      inhalation of dry room air. Airway smooth muscle showed increased responses to
      both electrical field stimulation and exogenous acetylcholine but not to
      potassium chloride in preparations from dogs with airway hyperresponsiveness in
      vivo. The increased response to electrical field stimulation was not associated
      with a change in excitatory junctional potentials. These results suggest that a
      postjunctional alteration in trachealis muscle function occurs after inhaled O3
      in dogs, which may account for airway hyperresponsiveness after O3 in vivo.

PMID- 3403495
TI  - Tube law for the intrapulmonary airway.
AB  - A semiempirical model of a pressure-area relationship for the bronchial airways
      is developed. It is described by a single similarity law consistent in form with
      the nonlinear elastic behavior of biological tissue. The tethering effect of the
      parenchyma is lumped into the wall properties of the bronchi and is included in
      an effective wall stiffness. The model, which is fitted to the experimental data
      of Takishima and his associates (J. Appl. Physiol. 38: 875-881, 1975), is lung
      volume dependent and is therefore suitable for the analyses of airflow at
      different lung volumes, especially for modeling of forced expiration.

PMID- 3403496
TI  - Inhibition of breathing associated with gallbladder stimulation in dogs.
AB  - The effect of mechanical stimulation of the gallbladder on breathing was studied
      in anesthetized spontaneously breathing dogs. Measurements of tidal volume,
      breathing frequency, rib cage and abdominal diameter, transdiaphragmatic
      pressure, and electrical activity of the diaphragm were made while traction or
      compression was applied to the gallbladder for periods of 30 s. Both forms of
      mechanical stimulation produced similar changes, including large decreases in
      tidal volume, respiratory rate, electrical activity of the diaphragm, and
      transdiaphragmatic pressure swings. Inspiratory rib cage expansion was little
      affected, but abdominal expansion was greatly reduced, and swings in gastric
      pressure were reduced more than swings in pleural pressure, indicating a
      selective decrease in diaphragmatic activity. Recovery of all measured parameters
      returned toward control values, despite continued traction or compression. Some
      inhibition persisted after the stimulus was withdrawn. The very brief interval
      between stimulus and response suggested that the mechanism was a neural reflex.
      The afferents involved are unknown but are not purely vagal in nature, since
      qualitatively similar results were seen in animals after vagotomy. The alteration
      in breathing frequency indicates that at least part of the reflex is
      supraspinally mediated. The change in pattern of breathing closely resembles that
      seen in subjects after abdominal surgery and supports the theory that reflex
      inhibition of breathing contributes to postoperative pulmonary complications seen
      in those subjects.

PMID- 3403497
TI  - Relationship between numbers and frequencies of stimuli in human muscle fatigue.
AB  - The effect of stimulus frequency on the rate of muscle fatigue has been studied
      on dorsiflexor muscles of the human ankle. It was found that significantly fewer
      stimuli were required to abolish twitch and tetanic torque when the stimuli were
      delivered at 15 Hz rather than 30 Hz. At both stimulus frequencies twitch torque
      disappeared before tetanic torque. The difference in numbers of stimuli required
      for fatigue was not due to impaired excitation of muscle fibers at either of the
      two frequencies. At both stimulating frequencies, twitch fatigue appeared to be
      due to a defect in excitation-contraction coupling and/or the contractile
      machinery.

PMID- 3403498
TI  - Accuracy and precision of clinical estimation of leg length inequality and lumbar
      scoliosis: comparison of clinical and radiological measurements.
AB  - The results of 196 clinical determinations of leg length inequality and postural
      pelvic tilt scoliosis in 21 patients were analysed and compared with reliable
      radiological measurements. Clinical methods proved to be inaccurate and highly
      imprecise, the observer error being +/- 8.6 mm for direct and +/- 7.5 mm for
      indirect measurement of leg length inequality, and +/- 6.4 degrees for the
      estimation of postural lumbar scoliosis. More than half (53%) of the observations
      were erroneous when the criterion of leg length inequality was 5 mm. Failure to
      determine the presence or absence of length inequality of more than 5 mm occurred
      in 54 measurements (27% of the total). In 12% of the direct and in 13% of the
      indirect measurements, the observers erred in deciding which leg was longer;
      discrepancies occurred even when radiological reading gave a leg length
      inequality of as much as 25 mm.

PMID- 3403499
TI  - Evaluation of community-based rehabilitation in Punjab, Pakistan: I: Use of the
      WHO manual, 'Training disabled people in the community'.
AB  - The WHO community-based rehabilitation programme has been tested in a village and
      a slum area in Pakistan. House-to-house surveys by physicians identified medical
      diagnoses and impairments and handicaps according to the ICIDH. Volunteer local
      supervisors from the communities were taught to identify and train disabled
      persons according to the CBR manual. The effect of training was evaluated after 1
      2 years by an occupational therapist, using questions from the same manual. Of
      the 82 persons followed up, 80% showed improvement in function. The prevalence of
      disablement identified by the local supervisors and of handicap identified by a
      physician agreed well, and was of the order of 5%.

PMID- 3403500
TI  - The Barthel ADL Index: a reliability study.
AB  - The Barthel Index is a valid measure of disability. In this study we investigated
      the reliability of four different methods of obtaining the score in 25 patients:
      self-report, asking a trained nurse who had worked with the patient for at least
      one shift, and separate testing by two skilled observers within 72 hours of
      admission. Analysis of total (summed) scores revealed a close correlation between
      all four methods: a difference of 4/20 points was likely to reflect a genuine
      difference. In individual items, most disagreement was minor and involved the
      definition of middle grades. Asking an informed nurse or relative was as reliable
      as testing, and is quicker.

PMID- 3403501
TI  - Upper limb amputees: a clinic profile.
AB  - A clinic population of upper limb amputees was located to document their
      management and functional restoration. Of the 38 people contacted, 26 agreed to
      participate. Data were collected by questionnaires, and by physical and
      prosthetic examination. Prostheses were worn by 81% all or part of the day, 77%
      using active terminal devices. A change in occupation was noted by nine, and one
      was unemployed. Comfort and cosmesis were satisfactory. Prostheses were reported
      least useful for leisure activities. Long-term attention to fit and maintenance,
      updated training, and recent information might result in improved prosthetic
      function and satisfaction for upper limb amputees.

PMID- 3403503
TI  - Community-based rehabilitation--the challenge and opportunity.
AB  - The Yugoslav Government has supported the establishment of a special service to
      assist the development of community-based rehabilitation in developing countries.
      Early experience has highlighted the problems of introducing high-technology
      orthotic and prosthetic devices into these countries because of the difficulty of
      sustaining supply and local training and manufacture. Much better regional
      organization is required if the rehabilitation needs of the majority of disabled
      people are to be met in the developing countries.

PMID- 3403504
TI  - Stroke outcome measures.

PMID- 3403502
TI  - Enabling stroke victims to interact with a microcomputer--a comparison of input
      devices.
AB  - Five commonly available input devices were evaluated with respect to the facility
      with which aphasic stroke victims could use them to interact with a
      microcomputer. The tests by which they were assessed were content-free
      abstractions from the underlying physical structures of language stimulation
      exercises. The devices tested were the mouse, joystick, tracker ball, concept
      keyboard, and touch screen. Success rates, times, and subjective preference were
      all recorded. The tracker ball was found to be best on success rate and
      subjective preference.

PMID- 3403505
TI  - Characterization of polysaccharides of Rhizobium meliloti exo mutants that form
      ineffective nodules.
AB  - Mutants of Rhizobium meliloti SU47 with defects in the production of the
      Calcofluor-binding expolysaccharide succinoglycan failed to gain entry into
      alfalfa root nodules. In order to define better the polysaccharide phenotypes of
      these exo mutants, we analyzed the periplasmic oligosaccharide cyclic (1-2)-beta
      D-glucan and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in representative mutants. The exoC mutant
      lacked the glucan and had abnormal LPS which appeared to lack a substantial
      portion of the O side chain. The exoB mutant had a spectrum of LPS species which
      differed from those of both the wild-type parental strain and the exoC mutant.
      The presence of the glucan and normal LPS in the exoA, exoD, exoF, and exoH
      mutants eliminated defects in these carbohydrates as explanations for the nodule
      entry defects of these mutants. We also assayed for high- and low-molecular
      weight succinoglycans. All of the exo mutants except exoD and exoH completely
      lacked both forms. For the Calcofluor-dim exoD mutant, the distribution of high-
      and low-molecular-weight forms depended on the growth medium. The haloless exoH
      mutant produced high-molecular-weight and only a trace of low-molecular-weight
      succinoglycan; the succinyl modification was missing, as was expected from the
      results of previous studies. The implications of these observations with regard
      to nodule entry are discussed.

PMID- 3403506
TI  - Association of the virD2 protein with the 5' end of T strands in Agrobacterium
      tumefaciens.
AB  - The soil bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens can incite tumors in many
      dicotyledonous plants by transferring a portion (T-DNA) of its Ti plasmid into
      susceptible plant cells. The T-DNA is flanked by border sequences that serve as
      recognition sites for specific cleavage by an endonuclease that comprises two
      virD-encoded proteins (VirD1 and VirD2). After cleavage, both double-stranded,
      nicked T-DNA molecules and single-stranded T-DNA molecules (T strands) were
      present. We have determined that a protein is tightly associated with, and
      probably covalently attached to, the 5' end of the T strands. Analysis of
      deletion derivatives in Escherichia coli, immunoprecipitation, and a procedure
      combining immunoblot and nucleic acid hybridization data identified this protein
      as the gene product of virD2.

PMID- 3403507
TI  - Replication termination for staphylococcal plasmids: plasmids pT181 and pC221
      cross-react in the termination process.
AB  - We present data which indicate that (i) the origin of replication of plasmids
      pT181 and pC221 can also function as termination signals; (ii) termination of
      replication occurs when a round of replication initiated either by RepC at the
      pT181 origin or by RepD at the pC221 origin reaches either of these origins,
      proving that the two plasmids cross-react for termination of replication; and
      (iii) the replication initiated at the origin of another staphylococcal plasmid,
      pE194, does not terminate at the origin of pT181 or pC221, indicating the
      existence of a specific relationship between the initiation and termination of a
      replication event.

PMID- 3403508
TI  - In vitro transcription from the late promoter of bacteriophage P4.
AB  - The late genes of satellite bacteriophage P4 are cotranscribed from a single
      promoter which shares little homology with known classes of Escherichia coli
      promoters (E. Dale, G. Christie, and R. Calendar, J. Mol. Biol. 192:793-803,
      1986). In a coupled transcription-translation system, the P4 late gene promoter
      was activated by either the delta protein of P4 or the ogr protein of helper
      phage P2 in the absence of any other phage-encoded factor. delta-dependent
      transcription was inhibited by antibodies to the sigma 70 subunit of E. coli RNA
      polymerase but was restored by purified sigma 70, indicating that activation of
      transcription by the delta protein of P4 is dependent on the sigma 70 holoenzyme.

PMID- 3403509
TI  - P1 plasmid replication: initiator sequestration is inadequate to explain control
      by initiator-binding sites.
AB  - The unit-copy plasmid replicon mini-P1 consists of an origin, a gene for an
      initiator protein, RepA, and a control locus, incA. Both the origin and the incA
      locus contain repeat sequences that bind RepA. It has been proposed that the incA
      repeats control replication by sequestering the rate-limiting RepA initiator
      protein. Here we show that when the concentration of RepA was increased about
      fourfold beyond its normal physiological level from an inducible source in trans,
      the copy number of a plasmid carrying the P1 origin increased about eightfold.
      However, when the origin and a single copy of incA were present in the same
      plasmid, the copy number did not even double. The failure of an increased supply
      of RepA to overcome the inhibitory activity of incA is inconsistent with the
      hypothesis that incA inhibits replications solely by sequestering RepA. We
      propose that incA, in addition to sequestration, can also restrain replication by
      causing steric hindrance to the origin function. Our proposal is based on the
      observation that incA can bind to a RepA-origin complex in vitro.

PMID- 3403511
TI  - Demonstration of ferric L-parabactin-binding activity in the outer membrane of
      Paracoccus denitrificans.
AB  - Under low-iron conditions, Paracoccus denitrificans excretes a catecholamine
      siderophore, L-parabactin, to sequester and utilize iron. In this report, we
      demonstrate the presence of stereospecific high-affinity ferric L-parabactin
      binding activity associated with P. denitrificans membranes grown in low-iron
      medium. Isolated outer membrane components were shown to be three to four times
      higher in specific activity for ferric L-parabactin. The same amount of binding
      activity existed whether or not the radiolabel was present in the metal (55Fe) or
      the ligand (3H) portion of ferric parabactin chelate, suggesting that binding was
      to the intact complex. Ion-exchange chromatography of a Triton X-100-solubilized
      outer membrane mixture on DEAE-cellulose resulted in a 10-fold increase in
      binding activity relative to that present in whole membranes. Polypeptide
      profiles by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the
      products of each stage of the purification showed that binding activity
      copurified with one or more of the low-iron-induced outer membrane proteins in
      the 80-kilodalton (kDa) region. Membrane proteins and [55Fe]ferric L-parabactin
      electrophoresed in nondenaturing gels demonstrated the presence of membrane
      component(s) which stereo-specifically bound ferric L-parabactin, thus providing
      independent confirmation of the binding assay results. Moreover, when the band
      labeled by [55Fe]ferric L-parabactin was excised and profiled by sodium dodecyl
      sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, 80-kDa polypeptides were the major
      components present. These results demonstrate the presence of a high-affinity
      ferric L-parabactin receptor in P. denitrificans membranes and suggest that one
      or more of the 80-kDa low-iron-induced polypeptides are components of the ferric
      L-parabactin receptor.

PMID- 3403510
TI  - Differential regulation of synthesis of multiple forms of specific endoglucanases
      by Trichoderma reesei QM9414.
AB  - A method consisting of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
      and subsequent detection of endoglucanases by blotting with a polyclonal antibody
      against endoglucanase I was used to investigate the effect of induction and
      carbon catabolite derepression on the synthesis of multiple forms of
      endoglucanase I by Trichoderma reesei. Five forms appeared upon growth on
      cellulose, whereas four and only two appeared upon growth on lactose (carbon
      catabolite derepression) and induction by sophorose in a resting cell system,
      respectively. All endoglucanases detected resembled endoglucanase I in their
      specificity, since they exhibited no activity toward xylan or paranitrophenyl
      beta-D-lactobioside. A small (25-kilodalton) endoglucanase only appeared during
      growth on cellulose. None of the multiple forms arose by postsecretional
      modification. The results indicate that sophorose may not be the only compound
      mediating cellulose induction of the specific endoglucanases in T. reesei.

PMID- 3403512
TI  - Factors influencing cell shape in the mutans group of streptococci.
AB  - Electron and light microscopic and growth studies of representatives of the
      diverse species of mutans streptococci revealed the cells to be either bacillary
      or coccoid in shape. Some strains changed from bacillary to coccoid if the HCO3
      /K+ ratio of the media was increased and from coccoid to bacillary if the ratio
      was decreased. Doubling times of rods and cocci were the same despite an HCO3-/K+
      ratio change between 0.008 and 2.84. For strain 10449S, no tested anions or
      cations substituted for HCO3- or K+ to produce this effect, except for B4O7(2-).
      Strain 10449S grown at a high B4O7(2-)/K+ ratio became ellipsoid, and this
      phenomenon was associated with slower doubling times. Up to three incomplete
      septa could be observed in one rod, but no more than one incomplete septum could
      be observed in either ellipsoid or spherical cells. Interseptal distances were
      greatest in rods, shorter in spheres, and shortest in ellipses. All of the above
      differences were statistically significant (P less than 0.001).

PMID- 3403513
TI  - Recognition of individual strains of fast-growing rhizobia by using profiles of
      membrane proteins and lipopolysaccharides.
AB  - Membrane protein and lipopolysaccharide profiles of Rhizobium leguminosarum
      (biovars viciae, trifolii, and phaseoli), R. meliloti, and Agrobacterium
      tumefaciens strains were analyzed and compared by sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Differences in one or both profiles allowed
      us to distinguish all 18 R. leguminosarum strains tested in this study from each
      other.

PMID- 3403514
TI  - Comparison of the amino acid sequences of human protamines HP2 and HP3 and of
      intermediate basic nuclear proteins HPS1 and HPS2. Structural evidence that HPS1
      and HPS2 are pro-protamines.
AB  - Two intermediate nuclear basic proteins HPS1 and HPS2 were isolated from human
      sperm. They were characterized by their electrophoretic mobility in acid-urea
      gels, their amino acid composition, and their peptide maps after digestion by
      endoproteinase Lys-C and by endoproteinase Glu-C. Their amino-terminal amino acid
      sequences have also been determined. The structural data thus obtained suggest
      that HPS1 and HPS2 are precursors of human protamines HP2 and HP3.

PMID- 3403515
TI  - Phosphorylation of elongation factor 1 beta by an endogenous kinase affects its
      catalytic nucleotide exchange activity.
AB  - Elongation factor 1 beta (EF-1 beta) from Artemia is phosphorylated to a high
      percentage at serine 89 by an endogenous kinase present in EF-1 beta gamma.
      Protein sequencing of EF-1 beta revealed that this serine residue is located N
      terminally of an acidic cluster of amino acids, (formula; see text) which is
      critical for casein kinase II-type substrate recognition. A number of compounds
      known to influence casein kinases were studied, revealing that the kinase
      activity as present in EF-1 beta gamma belongs to the class of casein kinase II.
      The rate of nucleotide exchange on EF-1 alpha as catalyzed by EF-1 beta was found
      to be affected reversibly by the state of phosphorylation of EF-1 beta. In the
      presence of dephosphorylated EF-1 beta, the exchange rate is almost twice as
      large compared to the rate in the presence of phosphorylated EF-1 beta.
      Rephosphorylation of dephosphorylated EF-1 beta diminishes the activity of the
      protein again. The role of casein kinase II-type enzymes in modulating the
      function of proteins involved in polypeptide synthesis is discussed.

PMID- 3403516
TI  - The A- and B-chains of carboxypeptidase I from germinated barley originate from a
      single precursor polypeptide.
AB  - Carboxypeptidase I from germinated barley (Hordeum vulgare) grain consists of two
      peptide chains linked by disulfides; the A- and B-chains contain 266 and 148
      amino acid residues, respectively (Sorensen, S. B., Breddam, K., and Svendsen, I.
      (1986) Carlsberg Res. Commun. 51, 475-485). A cDNA library prepared from mRNA
      isolated from scutella of 2-day germinated barley has now been screened with a
      mixed oligonucleotide encoding a peptide fragment of the A-chain. Nucleotide
      sequence analysis of a 1443-nucleotide pair cDNA clone revealed that both chains
      of the enzyme are translated from a single mRNA. The coding region of the A-chain
      is located at the 5'-end of the cDNA and is separated from the B-chain coding
      region by a 165-nucleotide pair linking region. The B-chain coding region is
      followed by a stop codon, a 187-nucleotide pair 3'-untranslated sequence, and a
      short polyadenylic acid tail. The results indicate that the A- and B-chains of
      barley carboxypeptidase I arise by endoproteolytic excision of a 55-residue
      linker peptide from a single precursor polypeptide chain. The putative linker
      peptide is rich in proline, lysine, and arginine residues, has an apparent pI of
      11.9, and appears to be excised by cleavage of peptide bonds on the COOH-terminal
      side of serine residues.

PMID- 3403517
TI  - Role of chloride/bicarbonate antiport in the control of cytosolic pH. Cell-line
      differences in activity and regulation of antiport.
AB  - Sodium-linked and sodium-independent HCO3-/Cl- antiport was measured under
      different conditions in a number of cell lines. Transport of HCO3- was estimated
      from its effect on intracellular pH (pHi) measured with the fluorescent probe
      2',7'-bis(carboxyethyl)-5,6-carboxyfluorescein. The associated ion fluxes were
      estimated from the transport of 36Cl- and 22Na+. Na+-dependent and Na+
      independent HCO3-/Cl- antiport were found in many, but not in all cell lines
      tested. The Na+-independent HCO3-/Cl- antiport was found to be highly pHi
      dependent in a number of cell lines, whereas in others this was not the case.
      Some cell lines were found to have both Na+-dependent and Na+-independent HCO3
      /Cl- antiport, whereas in others we could detect only one of these mechanisms.
      Na+/H+ antiport, which is quantitatively the most important H+-extruding
      mechanism, was found in all cell lines tested, but the activity varied strongly.
      Possible reasons for the qualitative and quantitative differences in antiport
      activity are discussed.

PMID- 3403518
TI  - Chicken riboflavin-binding protein. cDNA sequence and homology with milk folate
      binding protein.
AB  - The Rd gene is expressed in the livers and oviducts of laying hens and codes for
      the riboflavin-binding protein (RfBP) of egg yolk and egg white. A lambda gt11
      cDNA library derived from chicken oviduct poly(A)+ RNA was screened with
      polyclonal rabbit antiserum to chicken RfBP. Positive clones were isolated and
      rescreened with a mixed oligonucleotide probe corresponding to residues 20-25 of
      the mature protein. The largest cDNA clone (969 base pairs) was subcloned into
      plasmid pIBI21, and the nucleotide sequence was determined by the
      dideoxynucleotide method. This clone contained the entire coding region for RfBP.
      The published amino acid sequence of the mature protein was confirmed. In
      addition, the following 17-residue signal peptide was deduced: Met-Leu-Arg-Phe
      Ala-Ile-Thr-Leu-Phe-Ala-Val-Ile-Thr-Ser-Ser-Thr-Cys. Unexpectedly, the nucleotide
      sequence codes for 2 adjacent arginine residues at the carboxyl terminus that are
      not observed in the mature protein. The amino acid sequence of RfBP is homologous
      with bovine milk folate-binding protein. Eight of the nine pairs of cysteines
      involved in disulfide bonds in RfBP are conserved in folate-binding protein, as
      are all of the tryptophan residues. Sequence identity between homologous regions
      of these two vitamin-binding proteins is more than 30%.

PMID- 3403519
TI  - 1-Aminooxy-3-aminopropane reversibly prevents the proliferation of cultured baby
      hamster kidney cells by interfering with polyamine synthesis.
AB  - The effects on cultured baby hamster kidney cells of 1-aminooxy-3-aminopropane, a
      potent new inhibitor of mammalian ornithine and S-adenosylmethionine
      decarboxylases and of spermidine synthase, were studied. At 0.5 mM concentration
      in the culture medium, the drug did not interfere with the transmethylation
      transsulfuration pathway nor with the polyamine transport system, but it blocked
      the proliferation and macromolecule synthesis of the cells and reduced the
      cellular spermidine level to less than 10% of the control value at identical cell
      density. These changes were accompanied by a total cessation of the excretion of
      putrescine, spermidine, and acetylated polyamines into the culture medium,
      greatly increased activity of ornithine and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylases,
      and an accumulation of both decarboxylated and intact S-adenosylmethionine. These
      effects were reversed by the removal of the inhibitor from the culture medium or
      by supplementing the medium with either 0.5 mM putrescine or 0.1 mM spermidine.
      In the former case, however, a lag period of 24 h was necessary for the cells to
      recover. The elevated concentration of decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine
      normalized very slowly but apparently had no harmful effects on the cells. The
      clonigenic potential of the cells was only slightly reduced by prolonged
      treatment with 0.5 mM 1-aminooxy-3-aminopropane. Thus, the new drug is not toxic
      to the cells, but either directly or indirectly stops their proliferation by
      preventing the adequate formation of putrescine and spermidine.

PMID- 3403520
TI  - Increase in membrane fluidity and opening of tight junctions have similar effects
      on sodium-coupled uptakes in renal epithelial cells.
AB  - Apical membranes of renal epithelial cells were shown to be more rigid than other
      plasma membranes, due in part to the abundance of sphingomyelin among their
      constituent phospholipids. Tight junctions play a key role in maintaining
      differences between the apical and the basolateral domains of the plasma membrane
      with respect to their lipid composition and fluidity. To evaluate the influence
      of alterations of membrane fluidity on the activity of two apically located
      transport systems, we compared the effect of opening of tight junctions, by a
      preincubation period in calcium-deprived medium and of increasing fluidity, with
      benzyl alcohol, on Na-dependent uptakes of Pi and alpha-methyl-D-glucopyranoside
      (MGP) in intact, confluent LLC-PK1 cells and MDCK cells. Benzyl alcohol, at 10
      mM, increased the Vmax of Pi uptake by 55 and 42% in LLC-PK1 cells and MDCK
      cells, respectively, but decreased the Vmax of MGP uptake in LLC -PK1 cells by
      23%. Similarly to 10 mM benzyl alcohol, opening of tight junctions also increased
      the Vmax of Pi uptake by 45 and 46% in LLC-PK1 cells and MDCK cells,
      respectively, and depressed MGP uptake in LLC-PK1 cells by inducing a 15%
      decrease of the Vmax. None of the two maneuvers (i.e. addition of benzyl alcohol
      or opening of tight junctions) affected the Km values of the transport systems.
      From these results it is concluded that (i) the increase in membrane fluidity,
      achieved either by benzyl alcohol or by opening of tight junctions, affects Na-Pi
      and Na-glucose cotransports differently, reflecting differences in the lipid
      environments of the two transport systems, and (ii) membrane fluidity might play
      a physiological role in the modulation of the activity of transport systems.

PMID- 3403521
TI  - Decrease in stability of human albumin with increase in protein concentration.
AB  - The stability (reflected in denaturation temperature, Td) of defatted human
      albumin monomer, monitored by differential scanning calorimetry, decreases with
      increasing protein concentration. This is shown to be compatible with a simple
      model in which reversible polymerization of denatured monomer promotes unfolding.
      This model also predicts an increase in transition cooperativity with decreasing
      protein concentration whereas experimentally cooperativity decreases because the
      rate of thermally induced polymerization of unfolded monomer is slow relative to
      the scan rate of the calorimeter. The denaturation of undefatted human albumin
      monomer, subsaturated with high affinity endogenous long-chain fatty acid (LCFA),
      was previously observed by differential scanning calorimetry to be a biphasic
      process. Td for the first endotherm, associated with the denaturation of LCFA
      poor species, decreases with increasing protein concentration similar to that for
      defatted monomer whereas Td for the second endotherm, associated with
      denaturation of LCFA-rich species, is independent of concentration. The magnitude
      of the concentration dependence of Td relates directly to the extent of
      polymerization of denatured monomer, which decreases with increasing level of
      bound ligand. The bimodal thermogram observed for undefatted monomer persists
      upon simultaneous extrapolation of Td values to low concentration and low scan
      rate thereby demonstrating that this biphasic denaturation arising from ligand
      redistribution during denaturation is a true thermodynamic phenomenon and not an
      artifact of specific experimental conditions or the method used to induce
      denaturation.

PMID- 3403522
TI  - Complete purification and immunochemical analysis of S-adenosylmethionine
      synthetase from bovine brain.
AB  - We have purified S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) synthetase about 3000-fold from
      bovine brain extract. The Km values of the enzyme for L-methionine and ATP were
      10 and 50 microM, respectively. An apparent molecular mass of the enzyme was
      estimated to be 160 kDa by gel filtration on a Sephacryl S-200 column. Sucrose
      density gradient centrifugation gave a sedimentation coefficient of 8 S.
      Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the purified enzyme in native system
      revealed a single protein band, whereas two polypeptide bands with molecular
      masses of 48 kDa (p48) and 38 kDa (p38) were observed in sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the purified enzyme. Antibody against
      bovine brain AdoMet synthetase was prepared by injecting the purified enzyme into
      a rabbit. Immunoblot analysis revealed that the antibody recognized both p48 and
      p38 in the impure enzyme preparations from bovine brain as well as in the
      purified enzyme. Specific antibodies against p48 and p38 were separated from the
      immunoglobulin fraction by an affinity purification, both of which inhibited the
      enzyme activity. These results indicate that AdoMet synthetase from bovine brain
      consists of two different polypeptides, p48 and p38.

PMID- 3403523
TI  - Inter- and intraclonal variability of polypeptides synthesized in a rat hepatoma
      cell line. Quantitative two-dimensional gel analysis.
AB  - To examine the degree of clonal heterogeneity in the synthesis of polypeptides in
      neoplastic cells, single-cell subclones from the rat hepatoma cell line H4-II-E
      were isolated. Polypeptides from the clones were resolved on high resolution two
      dimensional polyacrylamide gels (PAGE), and quantitatively analyzed with a
      computerized two-dimensional PAGE analysis system developed in this laboratory.
      Only four qualitatively different spots were found which were synthesized in one
      of the subclones in four out of five experiments. In contrast, 5-20% of the spots
      showed statistically significant quantitative differences when any one subclone
      was compared to any other. These differences were generally quite small,
      averaging about 1.5-fold in intensity, although variations of fourfold or more
      were observed. Different cultures of the same subclone showed quantitative
      differences of the same order as seen in different subclones, indicating that
      this variability was primarily intraclonal in nature, i.e. associated with the
      cultures rather than the subclones. The distribution of quantitatively variable
      spots indicates that 50% or more of the polypeptides in these cells may display
      intraclonal variability. Similar results were obtained with a second set of
      subclones derived from these primary ones. Time course studies were conducted
      where cells were maintained continuously for 12 weeks, with samples taken for two
      dimensional PAGE analysis once a week. The fraction of polypeptides that vary
      significantly generally increased with time between sampling points. Experiments
      with independent cultures grown in parallel indicate that about 4% of this
      variability can be correlated to the age of the culture media, although the
      majority appears due to uncontrolled and/or random differences that arise between
      cultures. These results indicate that independent cultures quickly develop
      detectable quantitative differences in the expression of a large fraction of
      their polypeptides. These differences cannot, at present, be associated with the
      observable biology of the cells and probably reflect time-associated variations
      in the balance of cellular macromolecular synthesis which arise in tissue culture
      cells.

PMID- 3403524
TI  - The chemical basis for interfacial activation of monomeric phospholipases A2.
      Autocatalytic derivatization of the enzyme by acyl transfer from substrate.
AB  - A basic monomeric phospholipase A2 from the venom of the American water moccasin,
      Agkistrodon piscivorus piscivorus, undergoes Ca2+-dependent, autocatalytic
      acylation during the course of hydrolysis of both model and natural phospholipid
      substrates. Acylation occurs at 2 lysine residues, Lys-7 and Lys-10, in the NH2
      terminal alpha-helical segment of the enzyme, and when both positions are fully
      derivatized, the stable bisacylphospholipase A2 becomes a dimer in solution. The
      acylated enzyme is fully activated toward monomolecular layers of lecithins.
      Similar studies applied to the monomeric phospholipases A2 from porcine pancreas
      and from the venom of Agkistrodon contortrix contortrix also showed irreversible
      activation of the enzymes by substrate with the same kinetic consequences and
      formation of dimers. Acylation thus enables these enzymes to overcome the lag
      period observed under such conditions with native monomeric phospholipases, a
      phenomenon referred to as interfacial activation. Activation of the enzyme by
      acylation potentiates the phospholipase for interfacial recognition via formation
      of a dimeric enzyme. The naturally occurring phospholipase A2 dimer from Crotalus
      atrox venom displays no lag in the hydrolysis of lecithin monolayers nor does it
      undergo substrate level acylation. These facts support our proposal that
      dimerization concomitant with acylation is responsible for the large rate
      enhancements seen in the hydrolysis of aggregated phospholipids by monomeric
      phospholipases. Our findings demonstrate for the first time a chemical mechanism
      for interfacial activation of and interfacial recognition by phospholipases A2.

PMID- 3403525
TI  - The cobalt(II)-alkaline phosphatase system at alkaline pH.
AB  - The uptake of cobalt(II) ions by apoalkaline phosphatase at pH 8 (the pH optimum
      for activity) has been investigated by the combined use of electronic and 1H NMR
      spectroscopies. The presence of fast-relaxing high spin cobalt(II) ions in the
      active site cavity of the protein induces sizable isotropic shifts of the 1H NMR
      signals of metal-coordinated protein residues, allowing us to propose a metal
      uptake pattern by the various metal binding sites both in the presence and in the
      absence of magnesium ions. In the absence of magnesium the active site is not
      organized in specific metal binding sites. The first equivalent of cobalt(II)
      ions per dimer binds in an essentially unspecific and possibly fluxional fashion,
      giving rise to a six-coordinated chromophore. The second and third equivalents
      induce the formation of increasing amounts of metal ions pairs, cooperatively
      arranged into the A and B sites of the same subunit with a five- and six
      coordinated geometry, respectively. The fourth and fifth equivalents induce the
      formation of fully blocked A-B pairs in both subunits. Magnesium shows the
      property of organizing the metal binding sites, probably through coordination to
      the C sites. Electronic and 1H NMR titration with Co2+ ions show that the initial
      amount of fluxional cobalt is smaller than in the absence of magnesium and that A
      B pairs are more readily formed. Titration of fully metalated Co4Mg2alkaline
      phosphatase samples with phosphate confirms binding of only one phosphate per
      dimer.

PMID- 3403526
TI  - N alpha-dansyl-L-arginine 4-phenylpiperidine amide. A potent and selective
      inhibitor of horse serum cholinesterase.
AB  - The relationship between chemical modifications of arginine derivatives and
      inhibitory activity to horse serum cholinesterase (BuChE) was investigated. It
      provided a new insight into the topography of the active site of BuChE. 1) BuChE
      has the hydrophobic binding pocket, the depth of which corresponds to the length
      of ethylpiperidine. 2) In the opposite side to the hydrophobic binding pocket,
      BuChE has a certain entity which repulses carboxyl group at the 2-position of
      piperidine of L-arginine piperidine amide. 3) The P site of BuChE can allow 4
      propyl and 4-phenyl group attached to piperidine. Comparison of the results with
      those of thrombin and trypsin clearly revealed similarities and dissimilarities
      among BuChE, trypsin, and thrombin in the active site topography, and hence, we
      introduce a new selective inhibitor for BuChE, N alpha-dansyl-L-arginine 4
      phenylpiperidine amide. It inhibits BuChE strongly (Ki = 0.016 microM), whereas
      it inhibits trypsin, thrombin, plasmin, and glandular kallikrein only weakly and
      shows actually no inhibition on acetylcholinesterase from the human erythrocyte.
      In addition, the new inhibitor becomes highly fluorescent when bound with BuChE,
      indicating that the compound is an ideal probe of the interactions of BuChE as
      well as a titrant of it.

PMID- 3403527
TI  - Photoaffinity labeling of the adenine binding site of the lectins from lima bean,
      Phaseolus lunatus, and the kidney bean, Phaseolus vulgaris.
AB  - 8-Azidoadenine was employed as a photoaffinity probe of the adenine binding site
      of the seed lectin from lima beans and from Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin.
      This compound was shown to (a) bind competitively to the adenine binding site of
      these lectins and (b) exhibit enhanced binding in the presence of 1,8
      anilinonaphthalenesulfonic acid in the same manner as adenine. The presence or
      absence of 1,8-anilinonaphthalenesulfonic acid during labeling caused no change
      in the peptide maps of either lectin when digested with trypsin. The peptide maps
      of each lectin showed one major peak of radioactivity. Sequencing of the
      corresponding tryptic peptide from lima bean lectin indicated the primary
      structure to be Val-Leu-Ile-Thr-Tyr-Asp-Ser-Ser-Thr-Lys. The sequence of the
      labeled peptide isolated from P. vulgaris erythroagglutinin was Thr-Thr-Thr-Trp
      Asp-Phe-Val-Gly-Glu-Asn-Glu-Val-Leu-Ile-Thr-Tyr, which corresponded to residues
      173-190 of the cDNA-derived sequence (Hoffman, L. M., and Donaldson, D. D. (1985)
      EMBO J. 4, 883-889). Residues 186-190 (italicized) are identical to the first
      five amino acids in the lima bean lectin peptide. The peptides are located at the
      COOH-terminal half of the lectin and show extensive homology with other legume
      lectins.

PMID- 3403528
TI  - Purification and characterization of bacteriophage N4-induced DNA polymerase.
AB  - Coliphage N4 replication is independent of most host DNA replication functions
      except for the 5'----3' exonuclease activity of polA, DNA ligase, DNA gyrase, and
      ribonucleotide reductase (Guinta, D., Stambouly, J., Falco, S. C., Rist, J. K.,
      and Rothman-Denes, L. B. (1986) Virology 150, 33-44). It is therefore expected
      that N4 codes for most of the functions required for replication of its genome.
      In this paper we report the purification of the N4-coded DNA polymerase from N4
      infected cell extracts by following its activity on a gapped template and in an
      in vitro complementation system for N4 DNA replication (Rist, J. K., Pearle, M.,
      Sugino, A., and Rothman-Denes, L. B. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 10506-10510). The
      enzyme is composed of one polypeptide, Mr 87,000. It is most active on templates
      containing short gaps synthesizing DNA with high fidelity in a quasi-processive
      manner. A strong 3'----5' exonuclease activity is associated with the DNA
      polymerase polypeptide. No 5'----3' exonuclease or strand-displacing activities
      were detected.

PMID- 3403529
TI  - The bacteriophage T4 insertion/substitution vector system. A method for
      introducing site-specific mutations into the virus chromosome.
AB  - A bacteriophage T4 insertion/substitution vector system has been developed as a
      means of introducing in vitro generated mutations into the T4 chromosome. The
      insertion/substitution vector is a 2638-base pair plasmid containing the pBR322
      origin of replication and ampicillin resistance determinant, a T4 gene 23
      promoter/synthetic supF tRNA gene fusion, and a polylinker with eight unique
      restriction enzyme recognition sites. A T4 chromosomal "target" DNA sequence is
      cloned into this vector and mutated by standard recombinant DNA techniques.
      Escherichia coli cells containing this plasmid are then infected with T4
      bacteriophage that carry amber mutations in two essential genes. The plasmid
      integrates into the T4 chromosome by recombination between the plasmid-borne T4
      target sequence and its homologous chromosomal counterpart. The resulting phage,
      termed "integrants," are selectable by the supF-mediated suppression of their two
      amber mutations. Thus, although the integrants comprise 1-3% or less of the total
      phage progeny, growth on a nonsuppressing host permits their direct selection.
      The pure integrant phage can be either analyzed directly for a possible mutant
      phenotype or transferred to nonselective growth conditions. In the latter case,
      plasmid-free phage segregants rapidly accumulate due to homologous recombination
      between the duplicated target sequences surrounding the supF sequence in each
      integrant chromosome. A major fraction of these segregants will retain the in
      vitro generated mutation within their otherwise unchanged chromosomes and are
      isolated as stable mutant bacteriophage. The insertion/substitution vector system
      thereby allows any in vitro mutated gene to be readily substituted for its wild
      type counterpart in the bacteriophage T4 genome.

PMID- 3403530
TI  - Tertiary initiation of replication in bacteriophage T4. Deletion of the
      overlapping uvsY promoter/replication origin from the phage genome.
AB  - Tertiary initiation of bacteriophage T4 DNA replication is resistant to the RNA
      polymerase inhibitor rifampicin and apparently involved in the activity of
      recombination hot spots in the T4 genome (Kreuzer, K. N., and Alberts, B. M.
      (1985) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 82, 3345-3349). One of the origins that
      function by the tertiary mechanism maps at the promoter for gene uvs Y. A
      deletion and a linker-insertion mutation in the uvsY promoter/origin region were
      generated by in vitro manipulations and then placed into the T4 genome using the
      insertion/substitution system (Selick, H. E., Kreuzer, K. N., and Alberts, B. M.
      (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263, 11336-11347). Both resulting phage strains are uvsY-
      mutants, but they differ in that one has a deletion of the minimal tertiary
      origin and the other does not. The effects of the uvsY mutations on tertiary
      origin activity were assayed by infecting tertiary origin plasmid-bearing
      Escherichia coli with the two phage mutants. The tertiary origin plasmids
      replicated extensively after infection by either uvsY- phage mutant,
      demonstrating that the uvsY protein is not required for tertiary initiation. The
      extent of plasmid replication was increased dramatically as a result of either
      mutation, indicating that the uvsY protein plays some negative role in either the
      initiation or subsequent processing of plasmid replicative intermediates. The
      phage strain with an origin deletion induced the replication of a tertiary origin
      plasmid with which it shared no homology. Therefore, plasmid-phage recombination
      is not required for the replication of tertiary origin plasmids. The replication
      of a tertiary origin plasmid is also shown to be independent of the phage genes
      uvsX, 59, and 46, but markedly reduced by mutations in the T4-induced
      topoisomerase.

PMID- 3403531
TI  - Deletion analysis of bacteriophage T4 tertiary origins. A promoter sequence is
      required for a rifampicin-resistant replication origin.
AB  - The DNA sequence requirements of two T4 tertiary replication origins have been
      characterized by a deletion analysis of origin-containing plasmids. Maximal
      replication of each origin-containing plasmid required both an intact gpmotA
      dependent middle-mode promoter sequence and approximately 50 base pairs of the
      downstream region. In contrast, gpmotA-dependent transcription from the origin
      promoter was found to be independent of the downstream region. The requirement
      for a promoter element within the tertiary origins is striking, particularly
      since the replication of tertiary origin-containing plasmids is resistant to the
      RNA polymerase inhibitor rifampicin.

PMID- 3403532
TI  - Recombination-dependent replication of plasmids during bacteriophage T4
      infection.
AB  - The replication of plasmids containing fragments of the T4 genome, but no phage
      replication origins, was analyzed as a possible model for phage secondary
      (recombination-dependent) replication initiation. The replication of such
      plasmids after T4 infection was reduced or eliminated by mutations in several
      phage genes (uvsY, uvsX, 46, 59, 39, and 52) that have previously been shown to
      be involved in secondary initiation. A series of plasmids that collectively
      contain about 60 kilobase pairs of the T4 genome were tested for replication
      after T4 infection. With the exception of those known to contain tertiary
      origins, every plasmid replicated in a uvsY-dependent fashion. Thus, there is no
      apparent requirement for an extensive nucleotide sequence in the uvsY-dependent
      plasmid replication. However, homology with the phage genome is required since
      the plasmid vector alone did not replicate after phage infection. The products of
      plasmid replication included long concatemeric molecules with as many as 35
      tandem copies of plasmid sequence. The production of concatemers indicates that
      plasmid replication is an active process and not simply the result of passive
      replication after the integration of plasmids into the phage genome. We conclude
      that plasmids with homology to the T4 genome utilize the secondary initiation
      mechanism of the phage. This simple model system should be useful in elucidating
      the molecular mechanism of recombination-dependent DNA synthesis in phage T4.

PMID- 3403533
TI  - The LEC11 Chinese hamster ovary mutant synthesizes N-linked carbohydrates
      containing sialylated, fucosylated lactosamine units. Analysis by one- and two
      dimensional 1H NMR spectroscopy.
AB  - Glycoproteins synthesized by the Chinese hamster ovary cell mutants LEC11 and
      LEC12 carry the Lex determinant (Gal beta 1,4(Fuc alpha 1,3)GlcNAc), while those
      synthesized by LEC11 cells also carry the sialyl-Lex determinant (NeuAc alpha
      2,3Gal beta 1,4(Fuc alpha 1,3)GlcNAc), and both mutants have been shown to
      possess a distinct alpha(1,3)-fucosyltransferase of the appropriate specificity
      to synthesize these determinants (Campbell, C., and Stanley, P. (1983) Cell 35,
      303-309; Campbell, C., and Stanley, P. (1984), J. Biol. Chem. 259, 11208-11214;
      Howard, D. R., Fukuda, M., Fukuda, M. N., and Stanley, P. (1987) J. Biol. Chem.
      262, 16830-16837). The LEC11 cells therefore provide a source of carbohydrates
      terminating in sialylated, fucosylated lactosamine, a relatively rare structure
      not previously characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy when in association with an N
      linked carbohydrate. In this paper we use a monoclonal antibody specific for Lex
      to show that the G glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) grown in
      LEC11 and LEC12 cells possesses the Lex determinant and that G from LEC11/VSV
      also possesses sialylated Lex. Biantennary carbohydrates purified from LEC11/VSV
      and LEC12/VSV were therefore used to examine the effects on the 1H NMR spectrum
      of the presence of alpha(1,3)-fucose residues on sialylated and unsialylated
      lactosamine units. Comparisons of one-dimensional spectra obtained at 500 MHz
      from LEC11/VSV and LEC12/VSV glycopeptides before and after neuraminidase
      treatment with spectra of biantennary carbohydrates lacking alpha(1,3)-fucose
      allowed the assignment of several new resonances. Resolution of certain signals
      and determinations of coupling constants were achieved by two-dimensional
      correlation spectroscopy (COSY) at 400 MHz and allowed the assignment of several
      more resonances in the one-dimensional spectrum.

PMID- 3403534
TI  - Gene expression of rat glutathione S-transferases. Evidence for gene conversion
      in the evolution of the Yb multigene family.
AB  - We have characterized a cDNA with complete coding sequence for the rat liver
      glutathione S-transferase subunit 4 (Yb2) isolated from a constructed lambda gt10
      cDNA library. Functional expression of the cDNA sequence has resulted in the
      purification to homogeneity of an enzymatically active anionic glutathione S
      transferase. In addition to three previously described Yb-type subunits (Yb1,
      Yb2, Yb3), we now report characterization of a fourth Yb subunit sequence in the
      form of a genomic DNA clone lambda GTR15-2. The Yb4 gene has no apparent defect,
      and the deduced Yb4 polypeptide sequence differs from the other three Ybs by 40
      to 53 amino acids. The Yb4 gene organization is similar to that of the Yb2 gene
      in having a minimum of eight exons. Three out of the seven introns between the
      two genes are conserved to the extent of more than 88% nucleotide identity. We
      propose that gene conversion may have played a role in the evolution of these Yb
      genes.

PMID- 3403535
TI  - Adult male-specific and neonatally programmed rat hepatic P-450 forms RLM2 and 2a
      are not dependent on pulsatile plasma growth hormone for expression.
AB  - Rat hepatic cytochrome P-450 form RLM2 is a testosterone 15 alpha-hydroxylase
      reported to be male-specific on the basis of purification studies (Jansson, I.,
      Mole, J., and Schenkman, J. B. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 7084-7093). The sex
      dependence, developmental regulation, xenobiotic induction, and hormonal control
      of P-450 RLM2 expression were studied using P-450 form-specific immunochemical
      and catalytic assays. Polyclonal antibodies raised to rat hepatic P-450 3 (P-450
      gene IIA1) were found to cross-react strongly with P-450 RLM2, but not with 10
      other rat P-450 forms, suggesting that P-450 3 and P-450 RLM2 are highly
      conserved in primary structure. Western blotting of liver microsomes under
      conditions where P-450s 3 and RLM2 are resolved electrophoretically revealed that
      P-450 RLM2 is markedly induced at puberty in male rats, with no protein detected
      (less than or equal to 5% of adult male levels) in adult females or immature
      animals of either sex. A similar developmental dependence was observed for
      hepatic microsomal testosterone 15 alpha-hydroxylase activity, which was found to
      be catalyzed primarily by P-450 RLM2. P-450 RLM2 was resistant to induction by
      several xenobiotics and in the case of phenobarbital and beta-naphthoflavone, was
      suppressed by 50-60%. Studies on the steroid hormonal regulation of P-450 RLM2
      revealed that its adult male-specific expression is imprinted (programmed) in
      response to neonatal testosterone exposure. Ovariectomy studies demonstrated that
      suppression by estrogen does not contribute significantly to the absence of P-450
      RLM2 in adult female rats. Although the male-specific developmental induction of
      P-450 RLM2 in response to neonatal testosterone is strikingly similar to that of
      P-450 2c (testosterone 2 alpha/16 alpha-hydroxylase; gene IIC11), P-450 RLM2
      expression is not dependent on the pulsatile pituitary growth hormone secretion
      required for P-450 2c synthesis. Rather, hypophysectomy of adult male rats
      increased P-450 RLM2 and its associated testosterone 15 alpha-hydroxylase
      activity by 50-100%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3403536
TI  - A 19-base pair deletion in the pro-alpha 2(I) gene of type I procollagen that
      causes in-frame RNA splicing from exon 10 to exon 12 in a proband with atypical
      osteogenesis imperfecta and in his asymptomatic mother.
AB  - Previous observations established that fibroblasts from a proband with atypical
      osteogenesis imperfecta synthesized about equal amounts of normal pro-alpha 2(I)
      chains and shortened pro-alpha 2(I) chains of type I procollagen. The pro-alpha
      2(I) chains were shortened because of an in-frame deletion of most or all of the
      18 amino acids encoded by exon 11 of the pro-alpha 2(I) gene. Here it was
      demonstrated that one of the proband's alleles for the pro-alpha 2(I) gene
      contained a 19-base pair deletion at the junction of intervening sequence 10 and
      exon 11 that produced an RNA splicing defect. Probe protection experiments did
      not reveal any evidence for use of cryptic splice sites, and they suggested that
      the major species of abnormally spliced pro-alpha 2(I) mRNA in the proband's
      fibroblasts was completely spliced from exon 10 to 12. The defect in RNA splicing
      is unusual among RNA-splicing mutations in producing an abnormal polypeptide
      chain that is used for protomer assembly. Since the probe protection experiments
      showed the same defect in the mRNA from the fibroblasts of the asymptomatic
      mother, the mutation was inherited in an autosomal dominant manner but showed
      variable phenotypic expression in the proband's family.

PMID- 3403537
TI  - Serum deprivation of vascular smooth muscle cells enhances collagen gene
      expression.
AB  - Vascular smooth muscle cells produce the bulk of connective tissue protein in
      major arteries. Previously, we demonstrated that collagen synthesis by cultured
      bovine aortic smooth muscle cells in exponential growth is low and increases as
      cells approach confluence and growth slows. To evaluate more directly the effects
      of the proliferative state, subconfluent cultures of smooth muscle cells were
      incubated in medium supplemented with 0.5% fetal calf serum; under these
      conditions of growth factor deprivation, cells become quiescent within 72 h. The
      mRNA levels for type I and III collagens increased markedly within 12 h; at 48 h,
      they were between 2- and 15-fold higher than in cells growing exponentially. Upon
      addition of serum to quiescent cultures, cells re-entered the cycle, and collagen
      mRNA levels decreased. Expression of alpha 1(I), alpha 2(I), and alpha 1(III)
      mRNAs differed significantly, indicating differential gene regulation. In nuclear
      run-off assays, changes detected in collagen transcription were insufficient to
      account for changes in mRNA levels, suggesting additional post-transcriptional
      sites of control. The inverse response of collagen expression to the
      proliferative state suggests that exposure of smooth muscle cells in vivo to
      factors which influence their growth state could have profound effects on the
      structure of the arterial wall.

PMID- 3403539
TI  - Identification of the 40 S ribosomal protein S6 phosphorylation sites induced by
      cycloheximide.
AB  - Injection of cycloheximide into rats induced the incorporation of up to 5 mol of
      phosphate/mol of liver 40 S ribosomal protein S6. Treatment of the protein with
      cyanogen bromide generated three phosphopeptides of Mr approximately 31,000,
      approximately 27,000, and approximately 4,000. Increasing the concentration of
      cyanogen bromide or redigestion of the larger peptides with additional cyanogen
      bromide converted almost all the phosphate-containing peptides into the Mr
      approximately 4,000 peptide. This peptide was isolated by reverse phase high
      pressure liquid chromatography, and the phosphoserines were identified by amino
      acid sequence analysis after being converted to S-ethyl-cysteine. The results
      show that the phosphate is incorporated into 5 of 7 serines clustered in a small
      13-amino acid segment of the protein. By aligning the sequence of the Mr
      approximately 4,000 peptide with the recently published mouse cDNA sequence of
      S6, it is shown that this peptide resides at the carboxyl terminus of the
      protein. The relevance of the cycloheximide-induced sites of S6 phosphorylation
      to those stimulated by a variety of mitogens and oncogenes is discussed.

PMID- 3403538
TI  - Regulation of ornithine decarboxylase and other cell cycle-dependent genes during
      senescence of IMR-90 human diploid fibroblasts.
AB  - Aging of IMR-90 human diploid fibroblasts in vitro is accompanied by significant
      changes of polyamine metabolism, most notably, a 5-fold decrease of serum-induced
      activity of ornithine decarboxylase, the key enzyme in the biosynthesis of
      polyamines (Chen, K. Y., Chang, Z. F., and Liu, A. Y.-C. (1986) J. Cell. Physiol.
      129, 142-146). In this paper, we employed Northern blot hybridization and
      affinity radiolabeling techniques to investigate the molecular basis of this age
      associated change of ornithine decarboxylase activity. Since the induction of
      ornithine decarboxylase by serum is a mid-G1 event, we also examined expressions
      of other cell cycle-dependent genes that are induced before and after the mid-G1
      phase to determine if their expressions may also be age-dependent. Our results
      demonstrated a 3-fold decrease of the amount of active ornithine decarboxylase
      molecules that can be labeled by alpha-difluoromethyl[3H]ornithine in senescent
      IMR-90 cells (population doubling level (PDL) = 52) as compared to young cells
      (PDL = 22). However, the levels and kinetics of induction of ornithine
      decarboxylase mRNA in both young and senescent IMR-90 cells were found to be
      identical throughout a 24-h time period after serum stimulation. The time course
      and the magnitude of the expression of c-myc, an early G1 gene, were quite
      similar in young and senescent IMR-90 cells and appeared to be PDL-independent.
      In contrast, the expression of thymidine kinase, a late G1/S gene, was
      significantly reduced in senescent IMR-90 cells. Levels of thymidine kinase mRNA
      and thymidine kinase activity in senescent IMR-90 cells were 6- and 8-fold less
      than those in young cells, respectively. Based on these data, we proposed that
      impairment of cell cycling in senescent IMR-90 cells may occur at the late G1/S
      phase and that decreases of ornithine decarboxylase activity and putrescine
      accumulation during cell senescence may contribute to this impairment.

PMID- 3403540
TI  - The calcium-binding ATPase inhibitor protein from bovine heart mitochondria.
      Purification and properties.
AB  - Two ATPase inhibitor proteins were isolated together from bovine heart
      mitochondria by a new procedure; each was purified further. The one inhibitor is
      a Ca2+-binding protein. It was found to contain 2 cysteine residues/mol as well
      as threonine and proline residues, all of which the other inhibitor (first
      isolated by Pullman and Monroy (Pullman, M.E., and Monroy, G. C. (1963) J. Biol.
      Chem. 238, 3762-3769] lacks. Its minimal molecular weight was 6390 with 62 amino
      acid residues/mol, and its isoelectric point was 4.6. Besides differences in
      size, composition, and response to Ca2+, the two inhibitor proteins also differed
      in response to sulfhydryl compounds, pH, KCl, and cardiolipin. Inhibition by the
      two inhibitor proteins was additive. Both cross-reacted with mitochondrial ATPase
      from rat skeletal muscle. Calmodulin, with or without Ca2+, had no effect on the
      activity of either inhibitor protein. Antibody to the Ca2+-binding inhibitor
      protein did not interact with the Pullman-Monroy inhibitor or have any effect on
      its activity. The antibody interacted with intact submitochondrial particles that
      contained both inhibitor proteins but not with particles from which only the Ca2+
      binding inhibitor had been removed. Clearly, the two inhibitors are distinct
      immunologically as well as in other properties. The two types of inhibitor
      protein were also isolated from rat skeletal muscle mitochondria by the new
      procedure.

PMID- 3403541
TI  - Effect of amino acid analogs on the processing of the pancreatic polypeptide
      precursor in primary cell cultures.
AB  - Amino acid analogs, which can be incorporated into nascent peptide chains were
      used in cultures of endocrine cells from canine pancreas to study the effect on
      processing of the metabolically labeled precursor for pancreatic polypeptide.
      Analogs for basic amino acids, canavanine, and aminoethylcysteine prevented the
      di-basic processing of the prohormone. The polar leucine analog, beta
      hydroxyleucine, only partially perturbed the function and cleavage of the signal
      peptide but efficiently and unexpectedly blocked the dibasic cleavage of the
      prohormone. Other nonbasic amino acid analogs, beta-hydroxynorvaline and
      azetidine-2-carboxylic acid, which only could be incorporated into the prohormone
      at a distance from the processing site, also prevented dibasic cleavage of the
      prohormone. Although there are no phenylalanine residues in the prohormone,
      analogs for this amino acid, fluoro-phenylalanine and particularly phenylserine,
      could also block the processing of the prohormone at the dibasic site. This
      effect was prevented by addition of a small quantity of phenylalanine. It is
      concluded that amino acid analogs can interfere with precursor processing through
      altering both the primary and the secondary structure of the precursor but also
      through incorporation into cosynthesized protein(s) which are necessary for the
      precursor processing.

PMID- 3403542
TI  - Differential regulation of transcription of human 7 S K and 7 S L RNA genes.
AB  - Two functional human genes coding for 7 S RNA species K and L were analyzed for
      promoter requirements by in vitro transcription experiments with cytoplasmic S
      100 extracts. Since accurate and efficient transcription of both genes is
      dependent on the presence of 5'-flanking sequences, hybrid genes representing
      crossover fusions between the 5' external control regions and the coding
      sequences of both genes were analyzed for their capacity to direct RNA synthesis
      in vitro. Differing results were obtained with both types of constructs. While
      the 5'-flanking L-7 S K gene fusion revealed no activity in the in vitro
      transcription assay, the 5'-flanking sequence of the 7 S K RNA gene did confer
      the ability for accurate in vitro transcription to the 7 S L coding sequence.
      However, a 5'-flanking L sequence element including the first 22 nucleotides of
      the 7 S L RNA coding sequence was active in promoting transcription of the 7 S K
      RNA gene. Together, these results demonstrated that the 7 S L promoter is located
      inside and outside the coding region, whereas the 7 S K RNA gene is exclusively
      controlled by an upstream promoter element.

PMID- 3403543
TI  - Structure and expression of the human metallothionein-IG gene. Differential
      promoter activity of two linked metallothionein-I genes in response to heavy
      metals.
AB  - The human metallothionein (MT)-IG gene (hMT-IG) is tandemly linked in a head-to
      head fashion with the hMT-IF gene. The hMT-IG gene encodes a MT-I polypeptide and
      has a tripartite structure. The 5'-flanking region of the hMT-IG gene has a TATAA
      box, four GC motifs, and at least four metal responsive elements. The 3'
      untranslated region has a variation of the polyadenylation signal, AATTAA, and
      the 3'-flanking region a YGTGTTYY RNA processing signal. This gene is expressed
      in hepatoma-derived cell lines (Hep G2 and Hep3B2) in response to the heavy
      metals (cadmium, copper, and zinc) but not to the glucocorticoid analogue
      dexamethasone. In contrast, the lymphoblastoid cell line (Wi-L2) does not express
      the hMT-IG gene. These results suggest that the hMT-IG gene is regulated
      differentially and in a cell type-specific manner. Transient expression studies
      of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene under the transcriptional
      control of either the hMT-IG or hMT-IF promoter in Hep G2 cells has demonstrated
      that both promoters contain all the necessary cis-acting elements to elicit a
      similar pattern of heavy metal inducibility. However, the hMT-IG promoter in all
      instances is five times more active than the hMT-IF promoter. The differences in
      promoter activity of these genes could possibly be due to inherent differences in
      their basal level regulatory sequences. The expression of MT-IGcat in transfected
      Wi-L2 cells demonstrates that the hMT-IG promoter is not cell type-specific.

PMID- 3403544
TI  - Complete purification and characterization of the taste-modifying protein,
      miraculin, from miracle fruit.
AB  - The taste-modifying protein, miraculin, has the unusual property of modifying a
      sour taste into a sweet taste. Previous attempts to isolate miraculin from deeply
      colored alkaline extracts of the miracle fruit were unsuccessful. We found that
      miraculin is extracted with 0.5 M NaCl solution. The extracted solution is
      colorless and shows the strong sweet-inducing activity. Miraculin was purified
      from the extracted solution by ammonium sulfate fractionation, CM-Sepharose ion
      exchange chromatography, and concanavalin A-Sepharose affinity chromatography.
      The purified miraculin thus obtained gave a single sharp peak in reverse phase
      high performance liquid chromatography, indicating that it is highly pure. The
      sample also gave a single band having molecular weight 28,000 in sodium dodecyl
      sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This value was much lower than the
      values reported previously (40,000-48,000). The amino acid composition of the
      purified miraculin was determined. Sequence analysis of the purified miraculin
      indicated that it is composed of a pure single polypeptide and identified 20
      amino-terminal amino acids. The purified miraculin contained as much as 13.9% of
      sugars, which consisted of glucosamine, mannose, galactose, xylose, and fucose in
      a molar ratio of 3.03:3.00:0.69:0.96:2.12.

PMID- 3403545
TI  - Molecular cloning and primary structure of human chromogranin A (secretory
      protein I) cDNA.
AB  - Chromogranin A (CGA), also referred to as secretory protein I, is an acidic
      protein that has been detected in all neuroendocrine cell types examined and is
      often present in large amounts relative to other secreted proteins. For example,
      CGA comprises at least 40% of the soluble protein of the adrenal chromaffin
      granule, and it appears to be the major secretory protein in the parathyroid
      secretory granules. CGA complementary DNAs (cDNAs) from bovine adrenal and
      pituitary have recently been cloned and sequenced and found to be nearly
      identical. A region of bovine CGA has a high degree of amino acid sequence
      identity to pancreastatin, a recently isolated porcine peptide that inhibits
      glucose-induced insulin secretion. This suggests that CGA may be a prohormone. We
      have cloned and sequenced a human cDNA encoding CGA. This human CGA cDNA has an
      overall 86% nucleic acid identity to the bovine cDNA. Like the bovine CGA cDNA,
      the human cDNA has little homology to pancreastatin at the 5' region of this
      peptide but significant amino acid homology to the carboxyl-terminal portion of
      pancreastatin where the biologic activity resides. There is an area within the
      pancreastatin region of human CGA and porcine pancreastatin with a 70% amino acid
      identity to the calcium-binding moiety of the E-F hand proteins such as
      parvalbumin and oncomodulin. These data suggest that CGA and pancreastatin may
      both be members of a larger family of calcium-binding proteins.

PMID- 3403546
TI  - Cloning and characterization of porcine brain cofilin cDNA. Cofilin contains the
      nuclear transport signal sequence.
AB  - Cofilin is a widely distributed, pH-sensitive, actin-modulating protein with an
      apparent molecular mass of 21 kDa, which forms intranuclear and/or cytoplasmic
      actin/cofilin rods in cultured fibroblastic cells under specific conditions. In
      this study, a cDNA library from porcine brain mRNA was constructed, and full
      length brain cofilin cDNA clones were isolated by screening with oligonucleotide
      probes. The deduced amino acid sequence of cofilin is 166 residues long and
      contains a sequence of Lys-Lys-Arg-Lys-Lys which is very similar to the nuclear
      transport signal sequence (Pro-Lys-Lys-Lys-Arg-Lys-Val) of SV40 large T antigen.
      The sequence may act as a signal capable of inducing nuclear accumulation of
      cofilin in cells exposed to heat shock or dimethyl sulfoxide. The cofilin
      sequence contains a hexapeptide (Asp-Ala-Ile-Lys-Lys-Lys) identical to the amino
      terminal sequence (residues 2-7) of muscle and nonmuscle tropomyosin. Cofilin
      also has in the carboxyl-terminal portion a region homologous to the sequence
      shared by gelsolin, fragmin, and Acanthamoeba profilin. Furthermore, the overall
      amino acid sequence of cofilin shows weak homology with the rod portion of myosin
      and suggests a high alpha-helical content.

PMID- 3403547
TI  - A possible role for plasmalogens in protecting animal cells against
      photosensitized killing.
AB  - Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells incorporate 12-(1'-pyrene) dodecanoic acid
      (P12) into membrane lipids. Exposure of P12-labeled cells to long wavelength
      ultraviolet light causes cell killing, presumably because excitation of the
      pyrene moiety (a photosensitizer) leads to the generation of reactive oxygen
      species. Cytotoxicity is dependent upon the concentration of P12 used to label
      the cells, and time of UV exposure, and the presence of oxygen during
      irradiation. CHO mutant cells deficient in plasmalogen biosynthesis and
      peroxisome assembly (Zoeller, R.A., and Raetz, C.R.H. (1986) Proc. Natl. Acad.
      Sci. U.S.A. 83, 5170-5174) are several orders of magnitude more sensitive to
      P12/UV treatment than wild-type cells, permitting direct selection of one wild
      type cell in 1 X 10(4) mutant cells. A major factor responsible for the P12/UV
      hypersensitivity of these mutants appears to be the absence of plasmalogens.
      Supplementation of the mutants with 1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycerol restores
      plasmalogen levels and nearly normal resistance to P12/UV treatment, whereas the
      biogenesis of peroxisomes is not restored. The P12/UV hypersensitivity of the
      plasmalogen-deficient mutants, together with the selective, P12/UV-induced
      decomposition of plasmalogens in wild-type cells, documented in the accompanying
      manuscript, suggest that the vinyl ether linkage of plasmalogens plays a direct
      role in protecting animal cell membranes against certain oxidative stresses.

PMID- 3403548
TI  - Disappearance of plasmalogens from membranes of animal cells subjected to
      photosensitized oxidation.
AB  - Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1) photosensitized with 12-(1'
      pyrene)dodecanoic acid (P12) are killed when exposed to long wavelength
      ultraviolet (UV) light (greater than 300 nm). Mutants deficient in plasmalogen
      biosynthesis are hypersensitive to this treatment. We now demonstrate that
      plasmenylethanolamine is rapidly and preferentially destroyed when CHO-K1 cells,
      photosensitized either with P12 or merocyanine 540, are irradiated with light of
      the appropriate wavelength. Using [2-14C]ethanolamine, [1-14C]hexadecanol, or [U
      14C]hexadecanol to follow the turnover of plasmenylethanolamine, we show that 2
      monoacylglycerophosphoethanolamine, formic acid, and pentadecanal are formed
      during P12/UV treatment of CHO-K1 cells, but not of mutant cells deficient in
      plasmalogen synthesis. The decomposition of plasmenylethanolamine is O2
      dependent, is enhanced in D2O, and is reduced in the presence of sodium azide.
      The process may be explained, in part, by the cycloaddition of singlet oxygen to
      the vinyl ether linkage of plasmenylethanolamine, generating a dioxetane
      intermediate that would be expected to decompose under physiological conditions
      to the observed products. An additional possibility is the formation of an
      allylic hydroperoxide at the 1'-carbon of the alkyl moiety by an "ene" reaction
      of singlet oxygen, or by radical-mediated oxidation, followed by metabolism or
      chemical decomposition of the hydroperoxide. Given the P12/UV hypersensitivity of
      plasmalogen-deficient mutants, we suggest that plasmalogens might protect animal
      cell membranes from singlet oxygen and/or radical-initiated oxidation by
      functioning as scavengers and decomposing to products that can be reutilized.

PMID- 3403549
TI  - The MgADP-induced decrease of the SH1-SH2 fluorescence resonance energy transfer
      distance of myosin subfragment 1 occurs in two kinetic steps.
AB  - The fluorescence resonance energy transfer distance between 5-[2
      [iodoacetyl)amino)ethyl]aminoaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid covalently attached to
      the SH1 thiol of myosin subfragment 1 as the energy donor and N-(4-dimethylamino
      3,5-dinitrophenyl)maleimide attached to SH2 as the energy acceptor has been found
      to decrease by about 7 A in the presence of MgADP (Dalby, R. E., Weiel, J., and
      Yount, R. G. (1983) Biochemistry 22, 4696-4706; Cheung, H. C., Gonsoulin, F., and
      Garland, F. (1985) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 832, 52-62). Fluorescence stopped-flow
      experiments on the same system have yielded biphasic traces which are resolvable
      into a fast and slow component, k1 and k2, respectively. Results of experiments
      in which k1 and k2 were measured as a function of excess ADP concentration
      showed: 1) a nonlinear dependence of the apparent rate constants on [ADP]; 2) k1
      is a factor of 10 faster than k2. These results are consistent with the 3-step
      mechanism previously proposed for nucleotide binding to myosin S1 (Garland, F.,
      and Cheung, H. C. (1979) Biochemistry 18, 5281-5289). Kinetic experiments in
      which the anisotropy of the donor was monitored show this quantity to be
      unchanged over the course of the reaction. The biphasic decrease of donor
      intensity is assigned to an increase in energy transfer efficiency which, from
      the above results, is due to a decrease in donor-acceptor distance, occurring in
      two steps. The fast step is associated with a 4-5-A decrease of the donor
      acceptor separation, while the slow step is associated with a further decrease of
      approximately 2 A.

PMID- 3403550
TI  - Substitution of arginine for glycine 664 in the collagen alpha 1(I) chain in
      lethal perinatal osteogenesis imperfecta. Demonstration of the peptide defect by
      in vitro expression of the mutant cDNA.
AB  - Structurally abnormal type I collagen was identified in tissues and cultured
      fibroblasts from a case of lethal perinatal osteogenesis imperfecta. Two
      dimensional gel electrophoresis of the CNBr peptides demonstrated that the alpha
      1(I)CB7 peptide from the alpha 1(I) chain of type I collagen existed in a normal
      form and a mutant form with a more basic charge distribution (Bateman, J. F.,
      Mascara, T., Chan, D., and Cole, W. G. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 4445-4451).
      Sequencing of cloned alpha 1(I) cDNAs prepared using mRNA from the patient's
      fibroblasts demonstrated that one clone had a single base substitution of A for G
      which resulted in the substitution of arginine for glycine 664 within the alpha
      1(I)CB7 peptide. To determine whether this mutation was responsible for the
      peptide map abnormality, in vitro transcription of mRNA from the mutant cDNA was
      performed using an SP6 vector system. The mRNA was then translated into mutant
      protein in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate. Peptide analysis of the protein produced
      from the mutant cDNA demonstrated the same altered charge distribution of the
      alpha 1(I)CB7 peptide as observed with tissue- and cell-derived mutant collagen
      peptides. This finding confirmed that the arginine for glycine 664 sequence
      abnormality defined in the cDNA clone was the mutation causing the observed
      protein peptide map defect. This mutation is consistent with the functional
      abnormalities of collagen observed in this case such as reduced helical
      stability, reduced secretion, increased degradation, and excessive
      posttranslational modification of lysine.

PMID- 3403551
TI  - A novel dehydrogenase reaction mechanism for hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
      isolated from the teleost Fundulus heteroclitus.
AB  - Hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (refers to hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase from
      any species in general) has been purified to apparent homogeneity from the
      teleost fish Fundulus heteroclitus. The enzyme was characterized for native (210
      kDa) and subunit molecular mass (54 kDa), isoelectric point (6.65), amino acid
      composition, substrate specificity, and metal dependence. Glucose 6-phosphate,
      galactose 6-phosphate, 2-deoxyglucose 6-phosphate, glucose 6-sulfate, glucosamine
      6-phosphate, and glucose were found to be substrates in the reaction with NADP+,
      but only glucose was a substrate when NAD+ was used as coenzyme. A unique
      reaction mechanism for the forward direction was found for this enzyme when
      glucose 6-phosphate and NADP+ were used as substrates; ordered with glucose 6
      phosphate binding first. NAD+ was found to be a competitive inhibitor toward
      NADP+ and an uncompetitive inhibitor with regard to glucose 6-phosphate in this
      reaction; Vmax = 7.56 mumol/min/mg, Km(NADP+) = 1.62 microM, Km(glucose 6
      phosphate) = 7.29 microM, Kia(glucose 6-phosphate) = 8.66 microM, and Ki(NAD+) =
      0.49 microM. The use of alternative substrates confirmed this result. This type
      of reaction mechanism has not been previously reported for a dehydrogenase.

PMID- 3403552
TI  - Methionine metabolism in mammals. The methionine-sparing effect of cystine.
AB  - Cystine can replace approximately 70% of the dietary requirement for methionine.
      We used standard enzyme assays, determinations of the hepatic concentrations of
      metabolites and an in vitro system which simulates the regulatory site formed by
      the enzymes which utilize homocysteine in this study of the mechanism for this
      adaptation. A significant alteration in the pattern of hepatic homocysteine
      metabolism occurs following the substitution of cystine for methionine. The major
      change is a marked reduction in the synthesis of cystathionine. Decreases in both
      the level of cystathionine synthase and in the concentration of adenosyl
      methionine, a positive effector of the enzyme, explain this finding. Despite
      significant increases in the hepatic levels of betaine-homocysteine
      methyltransferase and methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase, flow
      through these reactions remains relatively constant. The betaine enzyme may be
      essential for efficient methionine conservation. In the absence of choline,
      cystine cannot replace methionine in an adequate diet limited in the latter amino
      acid.

PMID- 3403554
TI  - Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction studies of a toxic crystal
      protein from a subspecies of Bacillus thuringiensis.
AB  - The toxic crystal protein (Mr 64,000) from a subspecies of the bacterium Bacillus
      thuringiensis has been solubilized and recrystallized yielding diffraction
      quality crystals. Crystals are obtained by a change in pH and ionic strength
      using Na2CO3. They can also be obtained by a change in ionic strength only using
      NaBr as the precipitant. The space group of both forms is C222(1) with a = 133, b
      = 116, c = 104 A and one molecule/asymmetric unit. Still photographs show
      reflections to 3.0-A resolution.

PMID- 3403553
TI  - Primary structure of the light-dependent regulatory site of corn NADP-malate
      dehydrogenase.
AB  - The light-activated NADP-malate dehydrogenase (NADP-MDH) catalyzes the reduction
      of oxaloacetate to malate in higher plant chloroplasts. This enzyme is regulated
      in vivo by the ferredoxin-thioredoxin system through redox reactions. NADP-MDH
      has been photoactivated in vitro in a chloroplast system reconstituted from the
      pure protein components and thylakoid membranes. Photoactivation was accompanied
      by the appearance of new thiol groups (followed by [14C]iodoacetate
      incorporation). 14C-Carboxymethylated NADP-MDH has been purified from the
      incubation mixture and its amino-terminal sequence analyzed. Two
      [14C]carboxymethylcysteines were identified at positions 10 and 15 after light
      activation, while they were not detected in the dark-treated protein. In
      addition, the analysis of the tryptic digest of light-activated
      [14C]carboxymethylated NADP-MDH revealed that the radioactive label was mostly
      incorporated in Cys10 and Cys15, indicating that these 2 residues play a major
      role in the light activation mechanism. Moreover, an activation model, in which
      photoreduced thio-redoxin was replaced by the dithiol reductant dithio-threitol,
      has been developed. When NADP-MDH was activated in this way, the same sulfhydryls
      were found to be labeled, and alternatively, they did not incorporate any
      radioactivity when dithiothreitol reduction was performed after
      carboxymethylation in denaturating conditions. These results indicate that
      activation (by light or by dithiothreitol) proceeds on each subunit by reduction
      of a disulfide bridge located at the amino terminus of the enzyme between Cys10
      and Cys15.

PMID- 3403555
TI  - Expression of cytochromes P-450c and P-450d mRNAs in cultured rat hepatocytes. 3
      Methylcholanthrene induction is regulated primarily at the post-transcriptional
      level.
AB  - Primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes grown in serum-free hormonally defined
      medium were shown, for the first time, to be capable of supporting the 3
      methylcholanthrene-inducible expression of cytochrome P-450d. Such cultures were
      used to investigate the mechanism of the induction of cytochrome P-450c and P
      450d mRNAs. After 1 day of growth in culture, P-450c and P-450d mRNAs were
      induced 33- and 28-fold, respectively, by 3-methylcholanthrene treatment. A
      similar magnitude of induction was achieved after 2-5 days growth in culture.
      However, the relative abundance of the two mRNAs before and after treatment
      decreased linearly over the 5-day time course. Kinetic analysis revealed that
      induction of both genes was rapid and could be observed less than 2 h following
      treatment. Accumulation of both mRNAs was linear for 8 h, reaching a plateau by
      12 h. Expression then remained constant for at least 12 additional hours. In
      vitro nuclear run-on experiments revealed a 3.9- and 2.0-fold transcriptional
      induction of the P-450c and P-450d genes, respectively. This is in contrast to
      the large induction of accumulation of these mRNAs observed at steady state.
      Thus, the 3-methylcholanthrene induction of P-450c and P-450d mRNAs in the
      hepatocyte cultures appeared to be mediated primarily at the post-transcriptional
      level. Experiments on rat liver showed that, in vivo, P-450d is also regulated
      primarily at the post-transcriptional level. However, P-450c was found to be
      regulated primarily transcriptionally.

PMID- 3403556
TI  - Hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine in phosphatidylcholine-cholate mixtures by
      porcine pancreatic phospholipase A2.
AB  - Pancreatic phospholipase A2 (PLA2)-catalyzed hydrolysis of egg yolk
      phosphatidylcholine (PC) in mixed PC-cholate systems depends upon composition,
      structure, and size of the mixed aggregates. The hydrolysis of PC-cholate-mixed
      micelles made of an equal number of PC and cholate molecules is consistent with a
      Km of about 1 mM and a turnover number of about 120 s-1. Increasing the
      cholate/PC ratio in the micelles results in a decreased initial velocity.
      Hydrolysis of cholate-containing unilamellar vesicles is very sensitive to the
      ratio of cholate to PC in the vesicles. The hydrolysis of vesicles with an
      effective cholate/PC ratio greater than 0.27 is similar to that of the mixed
      micelles. The time course of hydrolysis of vesicles with lower effective ratios
      is similar to that exhibited by pure dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) large
      unilamellar vesicles in the thermotropic phase transition region. In the latter
      two cases, the rate of hydrolysis increases with time until substrate depletion
      becomes significant. The reaction can be divided phenomenologically into two
      phases: a latency phase where the amount of product formed is a square function
      of time (P(t) = At2) and a phase distinguished by a sudden increase in activity.
      The parameter A, which describes the activation rate of the enzyme during the
      initial phase in a quantitative fashion, increases with increasing [PLA2],
      decreasing [PC], decreasing vesicle size, and increasing relative cholate content
      of the vesicles. The effect of [PLA2] and [PC] on the hydrolysis reaction is
      similar to that found with pure DPPC unilamellar vesicles in their thermotropic
      phase transition region. The effect of cholate on the hydrolysis reaction is
      similar to that of temperature variation within the phase transition of
      temperature variation within the phase transition of DPPC. These results are
      consistent with our previously proposed model, which postulates that activation
      of PLA2 involves dimerization of the enzyme on the substrate surface and that the
      rate of activation is directly proportional to the magnitude of lipid structural
      fluctuations. It is suggested that large structural fluctuations, which exist in
      the pure lipid system in the phase transition range, are introduced into liquid
      crystalline vesicles by the presence of cholate and thus promote activation of
      the enzyme.

PMID- 3403557
TI  - The cell-binding domains of plasminogen and their function in plasma.
AB  - Plasminogen binding sites are expressed by a wide variety of cell types and serve
      to promote fibrinolysis and local proteolysis. In this study, the recognition
      specificity of cells for plasminogen has been examined, primarily using platelets
      as models. Analyses with plasminogen fragments implicated residues 79-337 (or
      353), comprising the first three kringles of plasminogen, as a primary
      recognition site for plasminogen binding to both thrombin-stimulated and
      nonstimulated platelets. Other regions of plasminogen, namely residues 354-439
      and 442-790, can also participate in the interaction, and these other regions
      contribute differentially to the binding of the ligand to stimulated and
      nonstimulated platelets. Binding to nucleated cells, with U937 cells serving as
      the prototype, is dependent upon a recognition specificity similar to that of
      unstimulated platelets. Binding of Glu-plasminogen, the native form of the
      molecule, to thrombin-stimulated platelets has been shown previously to require
      platelet fibrin. By comparing the interaction of Glu-plasminogen and its
      degradation product, Lys-plasminogen, with thrombin-stimulated platelets, it is
      concluded that the cell surface uniquely enhances the affinity of Glu-, but not
      Lys-plasminogen, for fibrin. Finally, we have demonstrated that cellular
      receptors and interactive sites within plasminogen are available in the plasma
      environment. Thus, the functions ascribed to cellular plasminogen receptors can
      occur within a physiologic setting.

PMID- 3403558
TI  - Multiple forms of the human gene-specific transcription factor USF. I. Complete
      purification and identification of USF from HeLa cell nuclei.
AB  - The human gene-specific upstream stimulatory transcription factor (USF) is
      required, both in vivo and in vitro, for maximal expression of the major late
      promoter (MLP) of adenovirus. We report here the complete purification and
      identification of USF from HeLa cell nuclei. The protein was followed throughout
      its purification using a quantitative filter binding assay. With a combination of
      classical purification techniques and fast-flow protein liquid chromatography,
      USF can be purified to homogeneity starting either with a standard HeLa cell
      nuclear extract or with a higher salt extract from (lysed) HeLa cell nuclei
      (nuclear pellet extract). Approximately 20,000-fold purification from the nuclear
      pellet extract and 80,000-fold from the nuclear extract are necessary to obtain
      homogeneous preparations of the transcription factor. A maximum of 20,000
      molecules of USF appear to be present in HeLa cells. Two major forms of the USF
      protein can be distinguished both by their slightly different mobilities in
      sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis (apparent molecular weights 44,000 and
      43,000, respectively) and by different electrophoretic mobilities of the
      corresponding protein-DNA complexes. Both forms of USF are heat-stable and
      interact with the MLP as monomers. Antibodies elicited against purified HeLa USF
      interact with the transcription factor bound to the MLP upstream element.

PMID- 3403559
TI  - Multiple forms of the human gene-specific transcription factor USF. II. DNA
      binding properties and transcriptional activity of the purified HeLa USF.
AB  - The gene-specific upstream stimulatory transcription factor (USF) is required for
      maximal expression of the adenovirus major late promoter in vivo as well as in
      vitro. We have examined the DNA binding and transcriptional properties of USF
      purified to near-homogeneity from HeLa cell nuclei (Sawadogo, M., Van Dyke, M.
      W., Gregor, P. D., and Roeder, R. G. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263, 11985-11993). The
      44-and 43,000-dalton forms of USF displayed identical affinities for the major
      late promoter upstream sequence. Specific binding parameters were greatly
      influenced by neighboring sequences, but not by the topological state of the DNA.
      The dissociation rate was highly dependent upon the concentration of competitor
      DNA, indicating that USF can efficiently transfer from one binding site to
      another by passing through a doubly bound intermediate state (direct transfer
      mechanism). Transcription stimulation by purified USF showed titration curves
      identical to those observed with cruder preparations of the transcription factor.
      However, the overall stimulation observed at saturating USF concentration was
      significantly lower with the purified protein. By contrast, interaction with TATA
      box-binding RNA polymerase II transcription factor D was observed with both USF
      containing fractions. This could suggest the existence of two different
      mechanisms for upstream sequence-dependent transcription stimulation, where one
      critical component (or some necessary modification of the upstream factor itself)
      may be missing in reactions reconstituted with purified USF.

PMID- 3403560
TI  - Multiple genes provide the basis for antifreeze protein diversity and dosage in
      the ocean pout, Macrozoarces americanus.
AB  - The ocean pout (Macrozoarces americanus) produces a set of antifreeze proteins
      that depresses the freezing point of its blood by binding to, and inhibiting the
      growth of, ice crystals. The amino acid sequences of all the major components of
      the ocean pout antifreeze proteins, including the immunologically distinct QAE
      component, have been derived by Edman degradation. In addition, sequences of
      several minor components were deduced from DNA sequencing of cDNA and genomic
      clones. Fifty percent of the amino acids are perfectly conserved in all these
      proteins as well as in two homologous sequences from the distantly related
      wolffish. Several of the conserved residues are threonines and asparagines, amino
      acids that have been implicated in ice binding in the structurally unrelated
      antifreeze protein of the righteye flounders. Aside from minor differences in
      post-translational modifications, heterogeneity in antifreeze protein components
      stems from amino acid differences encoded by multiple genes. Based on genomic
      Southern blots and library cloning statistics there are 150 copies of the 0.7
      kilobase-long antifreeze protein gene in the Newfoundland ocean pout, the
      majority of which are closely linked but irregularly spaced. A more southerly
      population of ocean pout from New Brunswick in which the circulating antifreeze
      protein levels are considerably lower has approximately one-quater as many
      antifreeze protein genes. Thus, there appears to be a correlation between gene
      dosage and antifreeze protein levels, and hence the ability to survive in ice
      laden seawater. Southern blot comparison of the two populations indicates that
      the differences in gene dosage were not generated by a simple set of
      deletions/duplications. They are more likely to be the result of differential
      amplification.

PMID- 3403561
TI  - Cryptic chemotactic activity of fibronectin for human monocytes resides in the
      120-kDa fibroblastic cell-binding fragment.
AB  - Monocytes and lymphocytes form a second wave of infiltrating blood leukocytes in
      areas of tissue injury. The mechanisms for monocyte accumulation at these sites
      are not completely understood. Recently, however, fragments from extracellular
      matrix proteins including collagen, elastin, and fibronectin have been shown to
      induce monocyte chemotaxis. In this report we demonstrate that chemotactic
      activity for human monocytes is expressed when a 120-kDa fragment containing the
      RGDS cell-binding peptide is released from intact fibronectin or from larger
      fibronectin fragments. Monocytes, either from mononuclear cell Ficoll-Hypaque
      preparations (10-20% monocytes, 89-90% lymphocytes) or from elutriation
      preparations (95% monocytes, 5% lymphocytes), but not lymphocytes, migrated
      toward 120-kDa fragment preparations (10(-7) M) in blind-end chambers when the
      cells were separated from the chemoattractant by a 5-micron pore polycarbonate
      filter either alone or overlying a 0.45-micron pore nitrocellulose filter.
      Neutrophils migrated toward zymosan-activated serum but not toward 10(-5)-10(-8)
      M concentrations of the 120-kDa fragment. Intact fibronectin had no chemotactic
      activity for human monocytes. Fibronectin was isolated from citrated human plasma
      by sequential gelatin-Sepharose affinity and DEAE ion-exchange chromatography in
      the presence of buffers containing 1 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride to prevent
      fragmentation. Controlled enzymatic digestion with thermolysin cleaved
      fibronectin into 30 kDa fibrin, 45 kDa collagen, and 150/160-kDa cell and heparin
      domains. Upon prolonged digestion, purified 150/160-kDa fragments were cleaved
      into 120-kDa cell and 30/40-kDa heparin-binding fragments. Even though the intact
      fibronectin molecule, the 150/160-kDa fragments, and the 120-kDa fragment, have
      cell binding activity for Chinese hamster ovary fibroblasts, only the 120-kDa
      fragment expressed chemotactic activity for human monocytes. Thus, the 120-kDa
      fibroblastic cell-binding fragment contains a cryptic site for monocyte
      chemotaxis which is expressed upon enzymatic cleavage of fibronectin.

PMID- 3403563
TI  - Nuclear lamina heterogeneity in mammalian cells. Differential expression of the
      major lamins and variations in lamin B phosphorylation.
AB  - We have studied the molecular composition of the nuclear lamina in rat tissues of
      distinct embryological origin and the occurrence of the nuclear lamins during in
      vitro differentiation of the mouse F9 teratocarcinoma cell line. Immunochemical
      analysis demonstrated that all rat tissues contained the three major lamin forms
      (lamins A, B, and C) previously recognized in rat liver nuclei; however, other
      minor cross-reactive components were also identified in some tissues. The amount
      of the 67-kDa lamin B complexed with lamins A and C in the laminae of different
      tissues ranged from a stoichiometry of much less than 1 to approximately 1.
      Furthermore, it was found that F9 stem cells and their differentiated progeny
      express only lamin B, and Northern blotting analysis indicated that these cells
      fail to accumulate lamin A and C mRNA. Chemical cleavages and peptide mapping
      suggested that the 67-kDa lamin B form was of similar primary structure in all
      differentiated tissues and F9 cells. Employing antibodies with different
      affinities for phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated lamin B, we showed that the
      apparent invariance in the expression of this polypeptide is overriden by a
      heterogeneity produced via tissue-specific phosphorylation. Because similar
      differences in antibody recognition could be reproduced in vitro by
      phosphorylating lamin B with protein kinase A, we have concluded that the tissue
      specific modifications of this protein may occur at consensus sites recognized by
      this enzyme. These data support the hypotheses that the lamins can form
      functional laminae by associating at various combinations, and that processes
      including differential lamin synthesis and post-translational modification can
      produce a steady state lamina heterogeneity.

PMID- 3403562
TI  - Characterization of a major neutral glycolipid in PC12 cells as III3Gal alpha
      globotriaosylceramide by the method for determining glycosphingolipid saccharide
      sequence with endoglycoceramidase.
AB  - Neutral glycolipids in PC12 cells were examined. A major neutral
      glycosphingolipid, isolated from a chloroform/methanol extract of the cells, was
      found to contain only galactose and glucose at a ratio of 3:1 and identified as
      ceramide tetrahexoside by fast atom bombardment (FAB) mass spectrometry. Its
      saccharide sequence was determined by a new method developed here using
      endoglycoceramidase (Ito, M., and Yamagata, T. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 14278
      14282). The glycosphingolipid was digested with endoglycoceramidase to produce
      oligosaccharide which was subsequently pyridylaminated. The fluorescence-labeled
      oligosaccharide was digested with a series of specific exoglycosidases and
      fractionated by high performance liquid chromatography. The 2-aminopyridyl
      oligosaccharide was hydrolyzed by alpha-galactosidase to give a 2-aminopyridyl
      oligosaccharide which was identified as 2-aminopyridyl lactose by high
      performance liquid chromatography, indicating the glycolipid structure to be Gal
      alpha Gal alpha Gal beta GlcCer. Ceramide trihexoside obtained by limited
      digestion of the intact glycolipid was clearly identical with ceramide
      trihexoside obtained from human erythrocytes, according to NMR spectroscopy and
      methylation analysis. From these and other data on the intact glycolipid,
      obtained by methylation analysis and NMR spectroscopy, its structure was
      confirmed as Gal alpha 1-3Gal alpha 1-4Gal beta 1-4Glc beta 1-1Cer, III3-Gal
      alpha-globotriaosylceramide. This is the first report indicating the presence of
      this glycosphingolipid in PC12 cells.

PMID- 3403564
TI  - Interferon expression in the testes of transgenic mice leads to sterility.
AB  - A plasmid containing the mouse interferon-alpha 1 gene under control of the mouse
      metallothionein-I promoter was used for the construction of transgenic mice. Four
      transgenic mice (two males and two females) were obtained containing 1 to over 10
      copies of the introduced DNA. Both males appeared to be sterile. One of the
      female mice founded a transgenic strain in which the foreign DNA was transmitted
      to her offspring in a Mendelian fashion. In this strain most male animals are
      sterile or turn sterile with time. Northern blot analysis of several tissues of
      these animals shows that expression of the introduced interferon gene occurs only
      in the testis. In some of the animals biologically active interferon could also
      be detected in testes homogenates. Histological examination of testis tissue
      shows an ongoing degeneration of spermatogenic cells leading to calcium deposits
      and complete atrophy of the seminiferous tubules.

PMID- 3403565
TI  - A study of the nature and formation of zinc polyacrylate cement using Fourier
      transform infrared spectroscopy.
AB  - The formation and structure of zinc polyacrylate has been studied by Fourier
      transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Using this technique we have shown that
      the fully hardened cement is bonded predominantly by zinc carboxylate complexes,
      rather than by associations of purely ionic character as had previously been
      supposed. Ionic bonds are formed in the initial stages of the reaction but are
      gradually converted to complex forms. This bond rearrangement appears partly
      responsible for physical changes that occur during gelation, setting, and
      hardening.

PMID- 3403566
TI  - Stability of performances of vascular prostheses retrospective study of 22 cases
      of human implanted prostheses.
AB  - Twenty-two cases of vascular graft failures (thrombosis, pseudoaneurysm,
      dilation, infection) were investigated by means of physicochemical, histological,
      and ultrastructural studies. A general decrease of mechanical resistance to
      stress of the prostheses was observed. Its magnitude ranged from 2 to 75% of the
      values of identical virgin prostheses and there was no relation with the duration
      of implantation. In addition to the breakage of yarn filaments (SEM), migration
      of fiber debris (histology) was observed in 7 cases. The structure of the
      polyester molecule had evolved after implantation. A decrease of crystallinity (x
      ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry) was noted. These
      observations raise the question of the established stability of vascular
      prostheses and emphasize the need for further investigations in human graft
      retrieval programs.

PMID- 3403567
TI  - Corrosion behavior of nickel-containing alloys in artificial sweat.
AB  - The corrosion resistance of various nickel-containing alloys was measured in
      artificial sweat (perspiration) using the Tafel extrapolation method. It was
      found that Ni, CuNi 25 (coin alloy), NiAl (colored intermetallic compounds), WC +
      Ni (hard metal), white gold (jewelry alloy), FN42 and Nilo Alby K (controlled
      expansion alloys), and NiP (electroless nickel coating) are in an active state
      and dissolve readily in oxygenated artificial sweat. By contrast, austenitic
      stainless steels, TiC + Mo2C + Ni (hard metal), NiTi (shape-memory alloy),
      Hastelloy X (superalloy), Phydur (precipitation hardening alloy), PdNi and SnNi
      (nickel-containing coatings) are in a passive state but may pit under certain
      conditions. Cobalt, Cr, Ti, and some of their alloys were also investigated for
      the purpose of comparison. Cobalt and its alloys have poor corrosion resistance
      except for Stellite 20. Chromium and high-chromium ferritic stainless steels have
      a high pitting potential but the latter are susceptible to crevice corrosion. Ti
      has a pitting potential greater than 3 V. Comparison between the in vitro
      measurements of the corrosion rate of nickel-based alloys and the clinical
      observation of the occurrence of contact dermatitis is discussed.

PMID- 3403568
TI  - Bipolar hemiarthroplasty for fracture of the femoral neck. Clinical review with
      special emphasis on prosthetic motion.
AB  - The results of a consecutive series of 120 bipolar replacements of the femoral
      head that had been done for the treatment of a fracture of the femoral neck were
      reviewed. Ninety patients were followed for a minimum of two years. At the latest
      follow-up, eighty-two (91 per cent) of the patients were free of major pain, and
      eighty-three (92 per cent) were considered to have satisfactory motion and muscle
      power. Postoperative function often was limited by underlying medical problems.
      Seventy-five patients (83 per cent) either returned to the level of function that
      they had had before the fracture or used only a cane, which they had not needed
      previously. There was no important deterioration of the results with time. For
      twenty-six of the prostheses, roentgenograms were made with the patient bearing
      weight in order to determine the relative motion at the two sites of articulation
      of the bipolar prosthesis. The roentgenograms demonstrated the presence and
      maintenance of motion at both bearing surfaces.

PMID- 3403569
TI  - Osteochondritis dissecans of the dome of the talus. Computed tomography scanning
      in diagnosis and follow-up.
AB  - From 1977 through 1985, thirty-two patients were treated for osteochondritis
      dissecans of the dome of the talus. The diagnosis was established in two-thirds
      of the patients using ordinary roentgenograms, but it was established in all of
      them using computed tomography scans. After a mean length of follow-up of about
      five years, the results of surgical treatment were significantly better than
      those of conservative treatment. For twenty patients, computed tomography scans
      were superior to roentgenograms in showing healing of the lesion. We concluded
      that computed tomography is useful not only for diagnosis--that is, in
      determining the extent and precise location of the lesion--but also for follow
      up.

PMID- 3403570
TI  - Measurement of stability of the knee and ligament force after implantation of a
      synthetic anterior cruciate ligament. In vitro measurement.
AB  - A Gore-Tex prosthetic ligament was inserted, with an over-the-top femoral
      placement, into thirteen fresh-frozen cadaver knees as a substitute for the
      anterior cruciate ligament. The femoral eyelet was screwed into bone and the
      tibial eyelet was attached to a force-transducer, which was positioned and locked
      on a tibial slider track to record forces in the ligament as the tibia was
      externally loaded. A reference position was established for the tibial eyelet so
      that, after the Gore-Tex ligament was implanted, the total anterior-posterior
      laxity of the knee (at 200 newtons of applied tibial force) matched that of the
      intact knee (that is, before the anterior cruciate ligament had been cut) at 20
      degrees of flexion. With both ends of the ligament secured in the knee, repeated
      200-newton anterior-posterior load cycles produced an increase of five to seven
      millimeters in the total laxity. This apparent stretch-out of the ligament could
      be worked out of the knee by manually flexing and extending the knee thirty times
      between zero and 90 degrees of flexion while a constant 200-newton force was
      applied to the tibial eyelet. After implantation of the Gore-Tex ligament, the
      laxity of the knee matched that of the intact specimen at 20 degrees of flexion
      and matched it within one millimeter at zero, 5, and 10 degrees of flexion. For
      each millimeter that the tibial eyelet was moved distally, the total anterior
      posterior laxity decreased by the same amount. The anterior stiffness of the knee
      after implantation of the Gore-Tex ligament was always less than that of the
      intact specimen. With an applied extension moment of ten newton-meters, section
      of the anterior cruciate ligament increased hyperextension of the knee by 2.3
      degrees; implantation of the Gore-Tex ligament did not restore full extension,
      even when the ligament was over-tightened by using a distal location for the
      tibial eyelet. When the eyelet was in the reference position, the ligament forces
      ranged from three to 319 newtons when the knee was in full extension, they rose
      dramatically as the knee was hyperextended, and they decreased to zero in most
      specimens as the knee was flexed more than 15 degrees. The pull of the quadriceps
      tendon against fixed resistance always increased the ligament forces. The
      application of tibiofemoral contact force reduced the ligament forces that were
      generated during a straight anterior tibial pull.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400
      WORDS)

PMID- 3403571
TI  - Comparable energy expenditure after arthrodesis of the hip and ankle.
AB  - The energy expenditure and gait characteristics of eleven subjects who had a
      unilateral arthrodesis of the hip and ten subjects who had a unilateral
      arthrodesis of the ankle were measured during a twenty-minute walking trial.
      Oxygen consumption was determined and heart rate, respiratory rate, and step
      frequency were monitored. The average walking speed for both groups was sixty
      seven meters per minute, which is 84 per cent of normal gait velocity. After an
      arthrodesis of the ankle, the average rate of oxygen consumption was 12.0
      milliliters per kilogram of body weight per meter, which is 3 per cent more than
      normal. The oxygen cost averaged 0.166 milliliter per kilogram per meter,
      resulting in a gait efficiency of 90 per cent. After arthrodesis of the hip, the
      mean rate of oxygen consumption was 14.9 milliliters per kilogram of body weight
      per meter, which is 32 per cent greater than normal. The oxygen cost, 0.223
      milliliter per kilogram per meter, represented a gait efficiency of 53 per cent.
      The physiological energy expenditure by the subject after an arthrodesis of the
      hip was found to be significantly greater than after an arthrodesis of the ankle
      and was more than that reported previously after a total hip arthroplasty for
      unilateral degenerative disease.

PMID- 3403572
TI  - Anterior excision of herniated thoracic discs.
AB  - Twenty-two herniations of a thoracic disc in nineteen patients were surgically
      excised between 1972 and 1984. An anterior transthoracic decompression or a
      costotransversectomy was used for all discectomies. Pain and paraparesis were the
      most common symptoms preoperatively. The average length of follow-up was forty
      eight months. Sixteen patients had an excellent or a good result, one had a fair
      result, and two had a poor result. Twelve of the fourteen patients who had had
      motor weakness preoperatively had varying degrees of improvement in motor
      function postoperatively. Pain was relieved in ten patients, reduced in eight,
      and unchanged in one. Anterior decompression of herniated thoracic discs yielded
      gratifying results, but the procedure is associated with some risk of damage to
      the spinal cord. It therefore requires meticulous preoperative planning and
      careful surgical technique.

PMID- 3403573
TI  - Ischemic necrosis of the femoral head. Treatment by core decompression.
AB  - Since 1977, we have performed twenty-one core decompressions in seventeen
      patients who had stage-I or II ischemic necrosis of the femoral head. The
      diagnosis was confirmed histologically in all but one patient. After a mean
      length of follow-up of thirty-nine months, healing was evident in eight hips (40
      per cent) but not in the other twelve. All twelve hips required additional
      surgical treatment; the average length of time before the additional treatment
      was required was 9.2 months. The results of two intraoperative diagnostic tests
      (intramedullary pressure and saline stress tests) did not correlate with the
      results of biopsy. A perioperative fracture through the site of the decompression
      occurred in one of the twenty-one hips. Given the relatively poor long-term
      results and the considerable morbidity that was associated with core
      decompression, this treatment cannot be recommended.

PMID- 3403574
TI  - Changes in the long bones due to fetal immobility caused by neuromuscular
      disease. A radiographic and histological study.
AB  - The long bones in eleven newborn infants who had neuromuscular disease were
      studied and were found to be thin, hypomineralized, and elongated. In most of the
      bones, there were multiple diaphyseal or metaphyseal fractures, or both. By light
      microscopy, the outstanding findings were fractures through the growth plate and
      diaphysis and thinning of the cortices. The etiology of the fractures and the
      insufficient substance of the bone is the reduction in the intrauterine motion of
      the fetus, which leads to fragility of the bones and contractures of the joints.
      The severity of the alterations may have been related to the time of the onset of
      the abnormalities and to the duration and degree of the intrauterine akinesia.

PMID- 3403576
TI  - Denervation for the treatment of acquired spasticity of the brachioradialis.
AB  - Spasticity of the brachioradialis developed in three adolescent boys after an
      episode of intracranial bleeding. The spasticity resulted in paradoxical
      contraction of the muscle during attempted active extension of the elbow. The
      flexed posture of the elbow was both dysfunctional and embarrassing to the
      patient. A block of the radial nerve with lidocaine at the mid-humeral level
      confirmed the diagnosis of paradoxical spasticity. After denervation of the
      brachioradialis, the ability to extend the elbow markedly improved, and the
      improvement was maintained at the time of follow-up which ranged from two to five
      years.

PMID- 3403575
TI  - Orthopaedic aspects of central core disease.
AB  - We studied the cases of fifteen patients who had central core disease, a non
      progressive congenital myopathy that is usually inherited as an autosomal
      dominant trait. As infants, the patients had poor muscle tone and developmental
      delay, and as adolescents and adults, they had varying degrees of proximal muscle
      weakness and tended to use the Gower maneuver. The most common musculoskeletal
      problems were dislocation or subluxation of the hip, pes planus, and
      hypermobility of the joints. The most serious orthopaedic problems were in the
      hips: ten patients had a total of nine dislocations and six subluxations, nine
      being present at birth and six developing later. Only nine hips were stable after
      the initial treatment, and there was a propensity for hip-joint contractures.
      Scoliosis and patellar instability were also seen. Although patients who have
      central core disease have been reported to be at increased risk for malignant
      hyperthermia, this did not occur in our patients.

PMID- 3403577
TI  - A synovial ganglion of the popliteus tendon simulating a parameniscal cyst. Two
      case reports.

PMID- 3403578
TI  - Chronic injury to the distal ulnar and radial growth plates in an adolescent
      gymnast. A case report.

PMID- 3403579
TI  - False aneurysm mimicking an aggressive soft-tissue tumor. A case report.

PMID- 3403580
TI  - Failure of the polyethylene bearing surface of a total knee replacement within
      four years. A case report.

PMID- 3403581
TI  - Quinine-induced thrombocytopenia. A case report.

PMID- 3403582
TI  - Obstruction of the colon due to protrusio acetabuli in osteogenesis imperfecta:
      treatment by pelvic osteotomy. Report of a case.

PMID- 3403584
TI  - Accuracy of selecting magnetic resonance imaging compared with the findings of
      arthroscopy of the knee.

PMID- 3403583
TI  - Reconstruction for defects of the proximal part of the femur using allograft
      arthroplasty.

PMID- 3403585
TI  - Leadership for a changing orthopaedic world.

PMID- 3403586
TI  - Total hip arthroplasty in the ankylosed hip. A ten-year follow-up.
AB  - Eighty total hip arthroplasties in seventy-four patients who had had either a
      spontaneous or a surgical ankylosis (arthrodesis) of the hip were evaluated at
      nine to fifteen years (average, 10.4 years) after the total hip replacement.
      There was only one failure in the twenty hips of the fifteen patients who had had
      a spontaneous ankylosis. In contrast, twenty (33 per cent) of the sixty hips of
      the sixty patients who had had a surgical ankylosis had complications that were
      associated with the arthroplasty. Of these twenty hips, mechanical loosening
      developed in eleven; infection, in eight; and recurring dislocation, in one.
      Failure of the total hip arthroplasty was more common (p less than 0.05) in the
      patients who had had a previous surgical attempt at arthrodesis and in the
      patients who were fifty years old or less at the time of the arthroplasty. The
      risk of failure was not related to the length of time that the hip had been
      ankylosed.

PMID- 3403587
TI  - Triplane fracture of the distal tibial epiphysis. Long-term follow-up.
AB  - The cases of twenty-three patients in whom a triplane fracture had been treated
      at the Naval Hospital, Oakland, California, between 1974 and 1985, were reviewed.
      The anatomical configuration of the fracture was confirmed in fifteen patients.
      Eleven of the fifteen patients had a three-fragment fracture. Plain radiographs
      alone did not accurately demonstrate the configuration of the fracture. Twenty
      patients were asymptomatic when they were evaluated eighteen to thirty-six months
      after the injury, but only eight of fifteen patients were asymptomatic when they
      were evaluated thirty-eight months to thirteen years after the fracture. Residual
      displacement of two millimeters or more after reduction was associated with a
      less than optimum result unless the epiphyseal fracture was outside the primary
      weight-bearing area of the ankle.

PMID- 3403588
TI  - Proximal tibial osteotomy in patients who are fifty years old or less. A long
      term follow-up study.
AB  - Proximal tibial valgus osteotomy was performed for unicompartmental
      osteoarthritis in forty-five patients (fifty-one knees). The average age of the
      patients was forty-one years (range, twenty-three to fifty years), and the
      average length of follow-up was ten years. At follow-up, 70 per cent (thirty-six
      knees) were rated as good or excellent and 30 per cent (fifteen knees) were rated
      as fair or poor. There was no clear correlation between the quality of the result
      and the radiographic evidence of the severity of the arthritis preoperatively,
      the age of the patient at osteotomy, or the length of follow-up. There was a
      correlation between an improved result and an increased angle of correction after
      osteotomy, but the values were not statistically significant. The most important
      factor influencing the quality of results was the over-all level of disease in
      the knee as reflected in the preoperative knee score. Deficiency of the anterior
      cruciate ligament at the time of the osteotomy did not prevent a good result. We
      believe that proximal tibial osteotomy for unicompartmental arthritis of the knee
      is a good and effective procedure for patients who are less than fifty years old
      and who have an active life-style, and that lasting results can be achieved if
      the procedure is done early in the course of the disease.

PMID- 3403589
TI  - Mechanical stress and morphogenetic endochondral ossification of the sternum.
AB  - The possible role of mechanical stress in determining the patterns of
      endochondral ossification in skeletal anlages was explored using stress-analysis
      computer models of developing human sterna. It has been hypothesized previously
      that the normal sequence of proliferation, maturation, degeneration, and
      ossification of cartilage is accelerated in regions of high cyclic octahedral
      shear stress and inhibited in regions of intermittent compressive-hydrostatic
      (dilatational) stress. This hypothesis was investigated using two-dimensional,
      all-cartilage, plane-stress finite-element models of the three basic shapes of
      human sterna that were identified by Ashley. A mathematical criterion, which
      combined the opposing influences of the shear and dilatational stresses into a
      single net stimulus for ossification, was used successfully to simulate the three
      basic patterns of sternal endochondral ossification that were previously
      documented. Our findings support the view that mechanical forces may strongly
      influence skeletal morphogenesis, growth, and development, beginning at a very
      early stage.

PMID- 3403590
TI  - Does corrosion matter?

PMID- 3403591
TI  - The integrity of porous coatings for cementless implants.

PMID- 3403592
TI  - Peripheral nerve repair in humans using muscle autografts. A new technique.
AB  - Coaxial autografts of skeletal muscle which had been frozen then thawed were used
      to repair injured digital nerves in eight patients. Assessment from three to 11
      months after operation showed recovery to MRC sensory category S3+ in all but one
      patient, an excellent level of recovery. We conclude that bespoke muscle grafts
      treated and used in this way may offer significant advantages over conventional
      nerve grafts or cable grafts especially where large peripheral nerves are
      involved.

PMID- 3403593
TI  - Pott's paraplegia of late onset. The cause of compression and results after
      anterior decompression.
AB  - Twenty-two patients with late onset Pott's paraplegia presenting at a mean of 18
      years after initial symptoms were reviewed an average of seven years after
      treatment by anterior decompression and fusion. Fourteen patients had active
      disease, and in 12 of these, activity at the internal kyphus was the direct cause
      of the paraplegia. In the other two, a soft healing bony ridge was the cause. The
      eight patients with healed disease had hard bony ridges compressing the cord. The
      response to anterior decompression was faster, better and safer in patients with
      active disease: nine recovered completely and three significantly. In patients
      with healed disease, the anterior decompression was technically more difficult
      and the recovery less satisfactory. Significant complications included two cases
      with neurological deterioration, two with cerebrospinal fluid fistulae and four
      with neurapraxia of the cord.

PMID- 3403594
TI  - The incidence of cancer following total hip replacement.
AB  - We have studied the incidence of tumours at remote sites following total hip
      replacement: 1,358 individuals have been followed up for 14,286 person-years
      after operation. In the decade following implantation the incidence of tumours of
      the lymphatic and haemopoietic systems was significantly greater, and that of
      cancer of the breast, colon, and rectum, significantly less than expected. Whilst
      the association might be due in part to an effect of the prosthetic implants,
      other mechanisms, particularly drug therapy, require consideration.

PMID- 3403595
TI  - Bone lengthening in rabbits by callus distraction. The role of periosteum and
      endosteum.
AB  - The histology and mechanics of leg lengthening by callus distraction were studied
      in 27 growing rabbits. Tibial diaphyses were subjected to subperiosteal
      osteotomy, held in a neutral position for 10 days and then slowly distracted at
      0.25 mm/12 hours, using a dynamic external fixator. Radiographs showed that the
      gap became filled with callus having three distinct zones. Elongation appeared to
      occur in a central radiolucent zone; this was bounded by two sclerotic zones.
      Histologically, the radiolucent zone consisted of longitudinally arranged
      cartilage and fibrous tissue while the sclerotic zones were formed by fine
      cancellous bone. New bone occasionally contained islands of cartilage, suggesting
      it had been formed by endochondral ossification. After completion of distraction,
      the two sclerotic zones fused, shrank and were eventually absorbed, leaving
      tubular bone with a new cortex. When the periosteum had been removed at the
      operation, callus formation was markedly disturbed and there was failure of bone
      lengthening. Scraping of endosteum, in contrast, did not have a pronounced
      effect. These results suggest that the preservation of periosteum is essential if
      bone lengthening by callus distraction is to succeed, and that preservation of
      the periosteum is more important than careful corticotomy.

PMID- 3403596
TI  - Clinical aspects of osseointegration in joint replacement. A histological study
      of titanium implants.
AB  - In an experimental clinical study, 25 implants of pure titanium were inserted
      into the proximal tibia of 11 volunteer patients, four with rheumatoid arthritis
      and seven with osteoarthritis. The implants were removed from five weeks to 24
      months later and detailed histological analysis was performed. The implants
      generally healed with direct bone-metal contact, showing so-called
      osseointegration. Only one of the 21 implants which had been in place for over
      five months did not show osseointegration, probably because of inadequate primary
      contact with bone. The presence of rheumatoid disease did not prevent
      osseointegration, but accompanying osteoporosis seemed to be a risk factor.

PMID- 3403597
TI  - Maturation of allograft tendons transplanted into the knee. An arthroscopic and
      histological study.
AB  - We have performed an arthroscopic and histological study of the remodelling
      process of allogeneic tendons transplanted into the human knee as anterior
      cruciate ligament substitutes. Arthroscopic observations from six weeks to 55
      months after operation showed that the grafts were viable, and that early surface
      hypervascularity subsided with time; moreover, these appearances remained
      unchanged from 11 months postoperatively onwards. Histological studies from three
      to 55 months after operation showed that all the grafts were infiltrated with
      fibroblasts, and that cellularity in their substance reduced with time, remaining
      unchanged from 18 months onwards; the collagen bundles were aligned as in a
      normal ligament from six months onwards. These findings suggest that the grafts
      reach maturity within the first 18 months and remain unchanged as viable
      ligaments thereafter.

PMID- 3403598
TI  - The lever arm in glenohumeral abduction after hemiarthroplasty.
AB  - Fourteen cases of hemiarthroplasty for four-part fractures of the proximal
      humerus were reviewed. Pain relief was satisfactory, but function was limited,
      mainly due to loss of glenohumeral abduction despite electromyographic proof of
      actively contracting abductors in all cases. Analysis of special radiographs of
      nine cases showed a direct relationship between the clinical results and the
      "humeral offset", or distance between the geometric centre of the humeral head
      and the lateral aspect of the greater tuberosity. This offset affects the lever
      arms of the glenohumeral abductor muscles. The implications for surgical
      technique and for the design of shoulder prostheses are discussed.

PMID- 3403599
TI  - Obstetric traction injuries of the brachial plexus. Natural history, indications
      for surgical repair and results.
AB  - Of a consecutive series of 70 babies with obstetric traction injury to the
      brachial plexus we were able to review 40 who had had only conservative
      treatment. We found that if recovery in the upper roots had not started by three
      months of age then, at follow-up there was a significant residual functional
      deficit. In a further 22 babies who showed no recovery of the upper roots by
      three months, exploration and sural nerve grafting were performed; 20 of these
      children were reviewed at one year. Good recovery of the deltoid was seen in 80%
      and of the biceps in 55%, while 25% had good external rotation at the shoulder.
      We conclude that if there is disruption of the upper roots with no sign of
      recovery at three months, grafting of these roots provides the best chance of
      useful recovery.

PMID- 3403600
TI  - Operations to restore elbow flexion after brachial plexus injuries.
AB  - We have reviewed 50 patients at a mean period of 2.7 years after operations to
      restore elbow flexion lost as a result of traction injuries of the brachial
      plexus. A variety of operations were used and, in general, patient satisfaction
      was high. Objectively, however, the power in the transferred muscles was poor;
      less than half of the patients had a significant improvement in function. Poor
      control of the shoulder often compromised the result. Latissimus dorsi and
      triceps transfers proved most reliable, and some Steindler flexorplasties also
      gave satisfactory results. Pectoralis major transfers were disappointing and we
      do not recommend their use in women.

PMID- 3403601
TI  - The interior of the flexor tendon sheath of the finger. The functional
      significance of its structure.
AB  - We examined the structure of the digital flexor sheath by dissection and
      histology. The inner aspect of the sheath was found not to be a continuous smooth
      surface, as depicted in anatomical and surgical texts. The thin parts of the
      sheath often overlapped the pulleys before attaching to their superficial
      aspects, so that the pulleys possessed free edges within the sheath. The
      frequency of occurrence and sizes of these overlaps were studied in 48 cadaveric
      fingers; the largest and most frequent overlap was at the distal end of the A2
      pulley. Functional studies showed an intricate mechanism of pulley approximation
      and sheath bulging during flexion. Sutured or partly cut tendons triggered on the
      free edges; this could be a major contributor to the failures of tendon repairs
      in "no man's land".

PMID- 3403602
TI  - Garden's classification of femoral neck fractures. An assessment of inter
      observer variation.
AB  - Radiographs of 100 randomly chosen femoral neck fractures were assessed by eight
      observers using Garden's classification. The radiographs were classified
      identically by all eight in only 22 cases. Another 45 cases were classified by
      some observers as undisplaced fractures (Stages 1 and 2) and by others as
      displaced fractures (Stages 3 and 4). Between the different observers the number
      of displaced fractures varied from 63 to 89. These results show that observers
      had a relatively poor ability to delineate the various stages of Garden's
      classification.

PMID- 3403603
TI  - Controlled motion rehabilitation after flexor tendon repair and grafting. A multi
      centre study.
AB  - We present a system for treatment by controlled motion after repair of flexor
      tendons in the hand. This Washington regimen incorporates both controlled active
      extension against passive flexion by rubber band and the use of controlled
      passive extension and flexion. We utilise the Brooke Army Hospital modification
      of the rubber band passive flexion splint; this provides for maximal excursion of
      the tendon with full passive flexion of the finger. The 66 patients (78 fingers)
      who form the basis of this study all sustained complete laceration of the flexor
      profundus and superficialis tendons in "no man's land". Results were evaluated by
      the Strickland formula of total active motion (TAM) of the proximal and distal
      interphalangeal joints. Sixty-two fingers (80%) were rated "excellent", 14
      fingers (18%) were "good", two fingers (2%) were "fair", none was rated "poor".
      Our regimen of controlled motion rehabilitation has also been applied with equal
      success to cases of flexor tendon grafting.

PMID- 3403604
TI  - Mechanical loosening of the stem in Charnley arthroplasties. Identification of
      the "at risk" factors.
AB  - A retrospective review of 72 cases of Charnley low friction arthroplasty revised
      for stem loosening, has identified a number of "at risk" factors. These were:
      previous hip surgery and, in radiographs taken at one year, demarcation of the
      distal cement and fracture of the cement near the tip of the stem. Separation of
      the back of the stem from the cement, as an isolated feature, was not considered
      significant. Endosteal cavitation of the femoral shaft, rare in the first year,
      indicated loosening of some duration. Patients whose radiographs show the "at
      risk" changes, should be followed-up indefinitely in order to plan timely
      revision and avoid gross loss of the femoral bone stock.

PMID- 3403605
TI  - Pseudomembranous colitis associated with antibiotic prophylaxis in orthopaedic
      surgery.
AB  - We report 16 orthopaedic patients who had antibiotic-associated diarrhoea
      (pseudomembranous colitis) after operation. There was an association with the use
      of cephradine and with the prolongation of prophylaxis for more than three peri
      operative doses. Five cases occurred as a cluster, suggesting that the causative
      agent, Clostridium difficile, may be infectious in some situations.

PMID- 3403606
TI  - Cementless total replacement for old tuberculosis of the hip.
AB  - We report the results of cementless total joint replacement in 18 patients with
      old tuberculosis of the hip, performed, on average, 34 years after the onset of
      infection. Mean follow-up was 3.5 years. Only seven of the patients had
      antituberculous drugs during or after the operation. Using the Mayo hip score, 15
      patients had excellent or good results and two had a fair rating. One patient had
      the prosthesis removed more than one year postoperatively for late haematogenous
      staphylococcal infection and had a poor rating. All the patients had relief of
      hip-related pain. Despite the absence of any reactivation of tuberculosis in our
      series, we recommend the use of specific prophylaxis.

PMID- 3403607
TI  - The effect of suction drains after total hip replacement.
AB  - A prospective study of 120 consecutive total hip replacements showed that deep
      suction drains produced maximal drainage volumes in the first 24 hours. Their
      continued presence resulted in minimal further drainage, did not reduce the
      likelihood of haematoma formation and led in some cases to the spread of skin
      organisms into the wound.

PMID- 3403608
TI  - Small feet and Perthes' disease. A survey in Liverpool.
AB  - There is a high incidence of Perthes' disease among the children of unskilled
      manual workers in underprivileged urban areas in Britain. The skeletal
      measurements of 38 Liverpool children with Perthes' disease were compared with
      those of their siblings and of normal children from the inner and outer city.
      Children in families where Perthes' disease occurs have retarded growth of the
      trunk, with reduced sitting height and bi-acromial diameter. Among those who
      develop the disease there is also retarded limb growth, most evident as unusually
      small feet.

PMID- 3403610
TI  - Closed unlocked nailing for comminuted femoral fractures.
AB  - Fifty consecutive comminuted fractures of the femoral shaft were treated by
      closed unlocked intramedullary nailing. Twelve unstable fractures also had cast
      bracing. There were no cases of infection or non-union, and satisfactory results
      were achieved in 38 fractures (76%). More severe comminution led to a higher
      incidence of unsatisfactory results, but malrotation deformity was seen more
      often in less comminuted fractures and appeared to be due to poor operative
      reduction. Shortening in severe comminution was the main complication and was not
      controlled by supplementary cast-bracing. Closed unlocked intramedullary nailing
      is effective for lesser grades of comminution, but fractures with no cortical
      continuity at reduction should be treated with a locking nail.

PMID- 3403609
TI  - Late femoral osteotomy in congenital dislocation of the hip.
AB  - We describe 95 patients with previously treated congenital dislocation of the hip
      who underwent femoral osteotomy after the age of five years. The commonest
      indication for surgery was progressive uncovering and subluxation of the femoral
      head; other reasons were coxa vara, long leg dysplasia and persistent
      anteversion. Femoral osteotomy for uncovering of the femoral head (Severin Grade
      III) in this age group gave good results at maturity only when the acetabular
      angle was less than 25 degrees before operation. Femoral osteotomy alone was
      inadequate for true subluxation of the hip (Severin Grade IV).

PMID- 3403611
TI  - Chronic anterior cruciate ligament deficiency. Long-term results of MacIntosh's
      lateral substitution reconstruction.
AB  - The lateral substitution reconstruction operation described by MacIntosh has been
      evaluated in 27 patients with chronic anterior cruciate ligament deficiency of
      the knee. The results, at an average of 11.3 years after operation, have been
      assessed by a scoring system which allocates a maximum of 25 points each for
      function and for clinical evaluation. Emphasis was placed on subjective giving
      way and objective evidence of a positive anterior drawer sign and a positive
      lateral pivot shift test. A score of 46 to 50 was classified as excellent, 41 to
      46 as fair, and less than 41 was a poor result: 52% scored excellent, 26% fair
      and 22% were poor. Most of those with poor results had had evidence of
      osteoarthritis at the time of operation. Despite the recorded scores, no less
      than 75% of the patients at long-term follow-up were subjectively improved, and
      able to maintain an active life style.

PMID- 3403612
TI  - Failure of bone induction by bone matrix in adult monkeys.
AB  - Extraskeletal bone formation can be induced in rodents by implantation of
      demineralised bone matrix and such implantation has been used to treat bone
      defects in man, but it is uncertain if induction or merely conduction occurs. We
      studied bone induction in primates by excising segments of the fibulae of adult
      squirrel monkeys, defatting and demineralising them before reimplanting them into
      the quadriceps of the same animal. As a control experiment, rat matrix was
      prepared in exactly the same way and implanted in rats. After six weeks the
      implants were harvested and either ashed and analysed for calcium content or
      prepared for histology. In the rats, the calcium content indicated that about 20%
      of the original matrix had been replaced by new bone. In the monkeys the calcium
      content was about the same as that in normal body fluid and no bone was seen in
      histological sections. This result casts doubt on the use of demineralised human
      bone matrix as a bone inductor, although it may function by other mechanisms.

PMID- 3403613
TI  - Anterior cruciate ligament replacement. Biocompatibility and biomechanics of
      polyester and carbon fibre in rabbits.
AB  - The anterior cruciate ligament was replaced in rabbits, using implants of carbon
      or polyester filaments with known mechanical properties. The biocompatibility of
      the implants was assessed in detail using light microscopy, and scanning and
      transmission electron microscopy. Mechanical tests were made of stability, in
      comparison with normal joints and controls after excision of the ligament. Some
      carbon fibre implants broke down in vivo, allowing instability; the fragments
      caused chronic inflammation. Intact carbon implants did not induce the formation
      of neoligaments; they were covered by tissue, but there was no ingrowth.
      Polyester did not degrade mechanically and supported early collagenous ingrowth
      within the implant, even in the mid-joint space. It was concluded that there was
      no justification for the use of carbon fibres as anterior cruciate replacements;
      polyester appeared to be suitable.

PMID- 3403614
TI  - Knee effusion and reflex inhibition of the quadriceps. A bar to effective
      retraining.
AB  - In order to investigate the difficulty of quadriceps training in the presence of
      an effusion into the knee we examined 13 patients with chronic effusions by
      recording isometric muscle strength. Maximal strength was markedly lower in the
      presence of an effusion, and aspiration of the effusion produced a 13.6% increase
      in strength (p less than 0.01). A further, small increase of 8% was recorded
      after intra-articular lignocaine injection. Isometric strength and surface
      integrated EMG correlated well in six patients. Two reflex mechanisms seem to
      inhibit quadriceps innervation in the presence of a persistent knee effusion, one
      mediated by pressure sensitive receptors, the other still unknown. Joint
      aspiration and systemic or intra-articular anti-inflammatory drug treatments are
      advised before any programme of quadriceps training to allow maximum effects to
      be achieved.

PMID- 3403615
TI  - Primary total hip replacement for displaced subcapital fracture of the femur.
AB  - The results of primary total hip arthroplasty for sub-capital femoral neck
      fracture in previously normal hips are reported. Thirty-seven patients aged 70 or
      less at the time of surgery were reviewed at an average follow-up of 56 months.
      Eighteen (49%) had undergone or were awaiting revision surgery. A further four
      (11%) had definite radiological signs of loosening. Harris hip scores were
      calculated and correlated well with the results of gait analysis; these suggested
      that it was the more vigorous patients that were more liable to early failure.
      Consequently, primary total hip replacement is not recommended for subcapital
      fractures in the younger patient without pre-existing hip pathology.

PMID- 3403616
TI  - Plate fixation of open fractures of the tibia.
AB  - The results of immediate plate fixation of 97 open fractures of the tibial shaft
      in 95 patients are reported. Significant joint stiffness occurred in 11.4% and
      angular malunion of greater than 5 degrees in any plane was seen in 3.1%. The
      infection rate was 10.3%. However, even in those cases which develop delayed
      union or other complications, plate fixation of open fractures can produce
      excellent recovery of limb function.

PMID- 3403618
TI  - Traumatic atlanto-axial subluxation.
AB  - Traumatic atlanto-axial subluxation is a rare injury which may not be revealed on
      routine radiographs, especially when there is muscle spasm. We report on seven
      patients with atlanto-axial subluxation as a result of neck injury; only two of
      them had significant head injuries. Three patients presented with a neurological
      deficit attributable to the injury, one immediate and two with delayed onset.
      Traumatic atlanto-axial instability, occurring in an otherwise healthy patient,
      has a potential for neurological disaster; early consideration of operative
      treatment is indicated.

PMID- 3403617
TI  - Colles fracture: does the anatomical result affect the final function?
AB  - Thirty patients who had sustained a Colles' fracture at least four years
      previously were examined functionally and radiographically. Seventeen had a good
      radiological result and 13 were considered to have malunion. Functionally the
      displaced group performed significantly worse than the undisplaced group. We
      conclude that malunion of a Colles' fracture results in a weak, deformed, stiff
      and probably painful wrist.

PMID- 3403619
TI  - Midline or parapatellar incision for knee arthroplasty. A comparative study of
      wound viability.
AB  - The viability of three incisions for knee arthroplasty were analysed by
      transcutaneous estimation of the skin oxygen tension. Wound viability was found
      to be significantly reduced following knee arthroplasty. The lateral wound edge
      is more hypoxic than the medial, but there were no significant differences
      between the three incisions.

PMID- 3403620
TI  - Retained surgical swab debris in post-laminectomy arachnoiditis and peridural
      fibrosis.
AB  - We examined soft tissue biopsies from 26 patients with symptomatic nerve root
      fibrosis and arachnoiditis after a previous laminectomy. Dense fibrous connective
      tissue was found about the nerve roots and in 14 cases (55%) fibrillar foreign
      material was seen within it. This material had the histochemical characteristics
      of cotton fibres from swabs and neurosurgical patties. In two other cases nerve
      root fibrosis was associated with residual radiopaque lipid thought to derive
      from earlier myelography. Our findings suggest that risks may be associated with
      the introduction of foreign material into the vertebral canal, and that
      microscopic fragments of surgical swabs and patties may have a role in the
      pathogenesis of postoperative periradicular fibrosis.

PMID- 3403621
TI  - Circulating vitamin K levels in patients with fractures.
AB  - It is now clear that vitamin K1 is part of a biochemical cycle that is essential
      for the conversion of specific bone peptides into a form that can bind calcium.
      We have used a recently described procedure for assaying vitamin K1 in plasma to
      test the involvement of this vitamin in fracture healing. Markedly depressed
      circulating levels were found in patients with fractures and the time taken for
      this level to return to normal appeared to be influenced by the severity of the
      fracture.

PMID- 3403622
TI  - Dislocation of the triquetrum and lunate: brief report.

PMID- 3403623
TI  - Antibiotic prophylaxis during bilateral knee arthroplasty: brief report.

PMID- 3403624
TI  - Successful reimplantation of both feet: brief report.

PMID- 3403625
TI  - Total agenesis of five cervical vertebrae: brief report.

PMID- 3403627
TI  - Intervertebral disc involvement in gout: brief report.

PMID- 3403626
TI  - Femoral neck fracture during closed medullary nailing: brief report.

PMID- 3403628
TI  - Brachial artery rupture due to an exostosis: brief report.

PMID- 3403629
TI  - Hip abductor function after the Hardinge approach: brief report.

PMID- 3403630
TI  - Orthopaedic aspects of Rett's syndrome: brief report.

PMID- 3403631
TI  - Recurrent dislocation following hip replacement: brief report.

PMID- 3403633
TI  - Children in the addicted family: an overview.

PMID- 3403632
TI  - Theoretical perspectives on the etiology of substance abuse.

PMID- 3403635
TI  - Adapting the Alcoholics Anonymous model in adolescent alcohol treatment.

PMID- 3403634
TI  - Neonatal drug addiction: an analysis from two moral orientations.

PMID- 3403636
TI  - The chemically dependent nurse.

PMID- 3403638
TI  - Available support for chemically dependent nurses: is it comprehensive enough?

PMID- 3403637
TI  - The genesis of Nightingale: alternative treatment for female health care
      providers.

PMID- 3403639
TI  - "Working the program": the Alcoholics Anonymous experience and gay American men.

PMID- 3403641
TI  - 5th Symposium on Ion Chromatography. Sils-Maria, October 14-16, 1987.
      Proceedings.

PMID- 3403640
TI  - Sexual addictions.

PMID- 3403643
TI  - Determination of iodide and bromide by ion chromatography with post-column
      reaction detection.
AB  - During an investigation into the mechanism of the biosynthesis of thyroid
      hormones, it became necessary to determine traces of iodide and bromide in
      biological matrices as well as in food. A vydac 302-IC anion-exchange column with
      methanesulphonic acid as the mobile phase was used for the ion chromatographic
      separation of iodide and bromide. A post-column reaction detector was developed
      based on the reaction between iodide or bromide, chloramine-T and 4,4'
      bis(dimethylamino)diphenylmethane. Methods with minimal sample preparation are
      described for determination of iodide or bromide in serum, milk, salt and water.
      The detection limit is ca. 20 pg iodide and 15 ng bromide injected.

PMID- 3403645
TI  - Simple permeation absorber for sampling and preconcentrating hazardous air
      contaminants.
AB  - A permeation absorber was developed and experimentally evaluated for sampling and
      preconcentrating vapors of a primary aromatic amine into a small volume (ca. 0.1
      ml) of a liquid extractant that can be directly injected into a chromatograph or
      other analytical instrument. Starting with 1-l or 4-l samples containing dry or
      humidified air (0, 7% or 35% relative humidity) and 0.5-5 parts per million by
      volume of aniline, the measured collection efficiency (fraction of aniline
      recovered in the extractant) ranged between 60 and 100% when the samples were
      recirculated 3-6 times. For a single-pass non-recirculating mode, the collection
      efficiency is calculated to be 40-50%. The degree of preconcentration is directly
      proportional to the volume V of the sampled air. The collection method is simple
      and fast and should also be applicable to the sampling and preconcentration of
      other hazardous air contaminants.

PMID- 3403644
TI  - Ion chromatographic determination of sugar phosphates in physiological samples.
AB  - Ion chromatography is shown to be capable of simultaneous determination of
      biologically important anions. Application of this technique is illustrated for
      the separation and quantification of the major anions present in rat brain and
      liver tissues. Sugar phosphates and carboxylic acids are separated on high
      performance anion-exchange columns and are detected using chemically suppressed
      conductivity. Detection limits range from 20 to 100 pmol for the anions tested,
      including inositol phosphates, lactate, pyruvate, glucuronic acid-1-phosphate,
      fructose-6-phosphate and glucose-6-phosphate. The coefficient of variation for
      the determination of most anions was in the range 5-10%. Many of these anions are
      either difficult to separate with other methods, or require expensive
      radiochemical techniques for detection. This method should be applicable to other
      biological studies, from the flow of carbons in photosynthesis to the study of
      synaptic transmission.

PMID- 3403642
TI  - Identification of trimethyllead in urine by high-performance liquid
      chromatography with column switching and chemical reaction detection and by
      liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.
AB  - Incorporated tetraalkyllead compounds are metabolized in the liver and the highly
      toxic trialkyllead species are excreted via the urine. The procedure for the
      determination of these metabolites in urine consists of solid-phase enrichment,
      reversed-phase pre-column high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and
      chemical reaction detection. As urine is a very complex matrix, it must be
      questioned whether the retention time alone is a sufficient criterion for the
      identification of the analytes. For the trimethyllead ion the validity of the
      results was examined by selectivity checks of the chemical reaction detector, by
      the application of different stationary and mobile phases in single and dual pre
      column HPLC systems and by the use of thermospray LC-mass spectrometry as an
      independent method. The results demonstrated that the recommended method is
      accurate for the determination of trimethyllead in urine samples.

PMID- 3403646
TI  - Gas chromatographic determination of chlorinated phenols in the form of various
      derivatives.
AB  - Derivatization of chlorophenols prior to gas chromatographic analysis resulted in
      a significant improvement of their chromatographic behaviour. Chlorophenols in
      the form of anisoles, acetates, and pentafluorobenzyl ethers were separated
      either on a HP-1 wide-bore capillary column or on a capillary column coated with
      a film of SE-54. Due to an enhancement of the poor electron-capture detection
      response of mono- and dichlorophenols, pentafluorobenzylation made it possible to
      determine trace amounts in spiked water. Moreover, simultaneous analysis of
      phenoxyalkanoic acids was accomplished under the same conditions.

PMID- 3403648
TI  - Displacement chromatography of biomolecules.
AB  - Displacement chromatography was used for the preparative-scale separation of
      peptides, antibiotics, and proteins. The feed components were both purified and
      concentrated during the separation processes. The components of a peptide mixture
      were separated on a reverse-phase analytical column using 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)
      ethanol as the displacer. The use of organic modifiers in the carrier along with
      an elevated column temperature of 45 degrees C enabled the efficient separation
      of relatively hydrophobic peptides by displacement chromatography. In addition,
      the throughput of the process was significantly increased by carrying out the
      separation at an elevated flow-rate with no adverse effect on product purity. The
      antibiotic cephalosporin C was isolated from impurities in a fermentation broth
      using 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol as the displacer along with a step change in
      column temperature. The proteins cytochrome c and lysozyme were purified on a
      weak cation-exchanger column using cationic polymers as the displacers. While
      polymers of 60 and 20 kilodaltons were both found to be good displacers for these
      proteins, only the lower molecular weight polymer was readily removed from the
      column by standard regeneration techniques.

PMID- 3403647
TI  - Collection of analytical data for benzodiazepines and benzophenones.
AB  - On April 1st, 1986, amendments were made to Schedule 2 to the Misuse of Drugs Act
      1971 such that 33 benzodiazepines became controlled as Class C drugs in the U.K.
      An analytical database has been prepared to aid the detection and identification
      of controlled benzodiazepines. Chromatographic properties have been measured
      including gas chromatography (GC) retention index values, high-performance liquid
      chromatography (HPLC) capacity factors and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) RF x
      100 values. UV spectroscopic and mass spectrometric (MS) data have also been
      recorded. Analytical data (GC, TLC and MS) are also presented for benzophenones
      which were produced by acid hydrolysis of the parent benzodiazepines.

PMID- 3403649
TI  - Effects of drug-protein binding on trace enrichment of drugs in blood plasma on
      short precolumns.
AB  - A reversed-phase liquid chromatographic precolumn venting plug technique was used
      for the determination of drugs by direct injection of large volume (500
      microliters) blood plasma samples. Enrichment of the drugs from large plasma
      samples, as well as clean-up from less retained plasma components, such as
      proteins, was obtained on a short precolumn. Strong drug-protein binding resulted
      in losses of the drug during the enrichment step. The recovery was found to be
      inversely proportional to the degree of drug-protein binding in the sample
      solution. Techniques to increase the recovery were studied. These include methods
      to decrease the degree of drug-protein binding in the sample solution by dilution
      and changes of the pH, as well as methods to increase the residence time of the
      drug on the precolumn by increasing the precolumn length and precolumn
      hydrophobicity.

PMID- 3403650
TI  - Determination of bisphenol A in air by high-performance liquid chromatography
      with electrochemical detection.
AB  - An air-sampling method for bisphenol A utilizing 13-mm glass fibre filters was
      developed. The collection efficiency and desorption characteristics were
      determined. Liquid chromatographic conditions were optimized for the
      electrochemical detection of bisphenol A. Detection under acidic and alkaline
      conditions is discussed. The detection minimum is 25 ng/m3 for a 60-1 sample.

PMID- 3403651
TI  - Reversed-phase separation of a standard mixture of polycyclic aromatic
      hydrocarbons on an adamantyl surface.

PMID- 3403652
TI  - Rapid two-dimensional thin-layer chromatographic system for the separation of
      multiple steroids of secretory and neuroendocrine interest.

PMID- 3403653
TI  - Determination of residual epichlorohydrin and 3-chloropropanediol in water by gas
      chromatography with electron-capture detection.

PMID- 3403654
TI  - Direct broth assay for sparsomycin and related nucleoside antitumor antibiotics
      using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 3403655
TI  - Extraction of acetaminophen and theophylline from post-mortem tissues and urine
      for high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis.

PMID- 3403657
TI  - Chromatographic separation and isolation of the enantiomers of diethylstilbestrol
      metabolites.

PMID- 3403656
TI  - Analysis of the herbicides dicamba, clopyralid and bromacil in asparagus by high
      performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 3403659
TI  - Application of chromatographic methods to the analysis of macrophage factors
      induced by Nocardia opaca cell walls.
AB  - Cell walls from Nocardia opaca induce the production of mitogenic factors by
      mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro. These factors stimulate thymocytes from
      C3H/HeJ mice. Supernatants of peritoneal cell culture exhibiting this activity
      were fractionated by chromatographic procedures such as gel filtration and metal
      chelate affinity chromatography and the biological activities assayed. These
      fractionation studies indicate that several biologically active products occur in
      the supernatant. Four factors monokines (M) with different apparent molecular
      masses M1 (100,000), M2 (50,000), M3 (16,000) and M4 (7000) were obtained, one of
      which (M3) was identical to interleukin 1 (IL1). Several of the biochemical
      parameters of one of these factors, M2, were analyzed. It was found that this
      monokine had many properties in common with IL1: stimulation of proliferation of
      thymocytes from C3H/HeJ mice, similar amino acid composition and mobility during
      isoelectric focusing.

PMID- 3403658
TI  - Neutrophil stimulating activity released by Staphylococcus-stimulated mononuclear
      leukocyte conditioned medium. Further characterization and partial purification.
AB  - Culture medium conditioned by human mononuclear leukocytes (MNL) stimulated with
      formalin fixed heat-killed Staphylococcus aureus induces a small respiratory
      burst in human neutrophils, and dramatically increases the response of
      neutrophils to stimuli such as N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine. The
      data presented show that the activity is not unique to Staphylococcus aureus.
      Similar neutrophil modulating activities were produced by medium conditioned by
      MNL cultured in the presence of Streptococcus pneumonia, and Group B
      streptococcus. The activity was relatively resistant to heating; significant
      reduction of activity was observed only when 80 degrees C was reached. Neutrophil
      stimulating activity production by stimulated MNL was dependent on protein and
      RNA synthesis and the activity appeared to be released by the non-adherent
      fraction of the MNL, suggesting that it is not of macrophage origin. The activity
      was not sensitive to soya bean trypsin inhibitor, but was sensitive to trypsin
      and was not removed when stimulated conditioned medium was depleted of
      immunoglobulin and albumin by affinity chromatography. Purification by gel
      filtration on Sephadex G-100 and high-performance liquid chromatography with Bio
      Sil TSK250 columns showed that the major activity had an apparent molecular
      weight of 35,000-43,000 under conditions in which ionic interactions and
      association with albumin were reduced; by using polyethylene glycol or high salt
      (0.46 M Na+) in the elution buffer.

PMID- 3403660
TI  - Chromatographic and radioimmunological methods for the determination of 5'-deoxy
      5'-methylthioadenosine in biological fluids.
AB  - Two specific methods for the determination of 5'-deoxy-5'-methylthioadenosine
      (MTA) in biological samples have been developed. The chromatographic procedure
      requires a preliminary step on a phenylboronate column to remove non-cis-diol
      compounds. The sample is then analysed using a high-performance liquid
      chromatography system equipped with a reversed-phase column. 5'-Deoxy-5'-methyl
      thio[2-3H]adenosine with high specific activity was synthesized and employed as
      an internal standard. An alternative radioimmunoassay (RIA) procedure has also
      been developed. The RIA method is based on competition between the unlabelled
      thio-ether and 3H-labelled MTA for the binding to a specific antiserum. Anti-MTA
      antibodies were obtained from rabbits immunized with the nucleoside covalently
      linked to carrier proteins. Both the chromatographic and RIA procedures gave
      identical results when employed to determine MTA in human urine.

PMID- 3403661
TI  - Adsorption chromatography on cellulose. II. Separations of aromatic amino acids,
      biogenic amines, alkaloids, dyes and phenols and determination of hydrophobic
      constants.
AB  - Separations of amines, phenols, alkaloids, etc., using cellulose papers or thin
      layers with aqueous ammonium sulphate as eluent are reported. These separations
      illustrate that excellent analytical separations are possible and provide data
      for the study of the mechanism of adsorption on cellulose from aqueous solutions.

PMID- 3403662
TI  - Resolution of alpha-substituted amino acid enantiomers by high-performance liquid
      chromatography after derivatization with a chiral adduct of o-phthalaldehyde.
      Application to glutamic acid analogues.
AB  - The fluorescent diastereoisomeric adducts formed in a precolumn derivatization
      reaction of enantiomeric alpha-substituted amino acids with o-phthalaldehyde and
      N-acetyl-L-cysteine were separated by high-performance liquid chromatography on a
      conventional reversed-phase column. This method was particularly efficient for
      the complete analytical resolution of alpha-substituted glutamic acid analogues,
      such as 2-methylglutamic acid, and several cyclic analogues (1-amino-1,3
      dicarboxycyclohexane, 1-amino-1,3-dicarboxy-2-cyclohexene and 1-amino-1,3
      dicarboxycyclopentane). The order of elution from the column was correlated with
      the absolute configuration of the derivatives.

PMID- 3403663
TI  - Stereoselective determination of L-amino acids using column liquid chromatography
      with an enzymatic solid-phase reactor and chemiluminescence detection.
AB  - A stereoselective post-column reaction detection system for eight L-amino acids
      that makes use of a reactor packed with immobilized L-amino acid oxidase is
      described. The combination of the selectivity of the enzyme and the selectivity
      of the peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence detection used provides an extremely
      selective detection system. The detection system gives linear responses over two
      orders of magnitude and detection limits at the 0.35.10(-6)-3.0.10(-6) M level.
      The method was used for the determination of selected L-amino acids in urine and
      beer.

PMID- 3403664
TI  - Analysis of tryptamine at the femtomole level in tissue using negative ion
      chemical ionization gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
AB  - An ultra sensitive method for the detection of tryptamine, an endogenous amine in
      mammalian neuronal systems, at the femtomole level has been developed using
      negative chemical ionization gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (NCI-GC-MS).
      The amine is converted into a perfluorinated spirocyclic derivative, e.g. 1
      pentafluoro-2-methylenepyrrolidine-3-spiro-3'-(3H-indole) which is detected using
      selected-ion monitoring of the (M-2HF) ions of the endogenous and deuterated
      internal standard compounds. Two mass spectrometers were compared; they gave
      minimum detectable quantities from tissue samples of 40 pg (VG-7070F) and 0.9 pg
      (VG-70S) respectively. These detection levels are approximately 5-200 times lower
      than have been obtained by previous MS methods.

PMID- 3403665
TI  - Chromatography, flow injection analysis and electrophoresis in computer-assisted
      comparative biochemistry: its application and possibilities in clinical research.
      Preliminary studies on Crohn's disease.
AB  - A computer-assisted multicomponent analytical system, developed for comparative
      biochemical studies, was used for a clinical study of Crohn's disease in which 73
      subjects, of comparable age and sex distribution, were considered: 40 with
      Crohn's disease, 16 with ulcerative colitis and 17 healthy volunteers as
      controls. Blood samples (5 ml) were taken to recover plasma and red cells. After
      extraction and fractionation of low- and high-molecular weight substances, the
      samples were analysed by ion-exchange chromatography and electrophoresis. The
      contents of amino acids, sugars, polyamines and proteins in the plasma and the
      red cells from the three groups of individuals were compared using statistical
      (means, variance, principal components analysis) and graphical profile methods.
      The first results indicate that the content of red cells, in comparison with
      plasma, allows the best differentiation of the three groups of subjects
      considered. In particular, the amino acids (Asp, Thr, Ser, Glu, Gly, Ala and
      Leu), the polyamines (spermidine and spermine) and glucose, show the most
      significant differences. The methodology followed and the results obtained,
      together with possible uses of this computer-assisted multicomponent analytical
      system in problems concerning clinical research, are discussed.

PMID- 3403666
TI  - Interactions between ascorbic acid and linear and cyclized bile pigments. A thin
      layer chromatographic study.
AB  - Physico-chemical interactions between ascorbic acid and the linear or cyclized
      bile pigment dimethyl esters were determined by thin-layer chromatography on
      silica gel. The interacting barrier technique allows a reactivity to be
      established that is a function of the degree of cyclization of the molecule.
      Thus, linear pigments of the biliverdin type are of low reactivity whereas the
      monocyclic neopterobilin phorcabilin shows a medium-strength interaction and
      isophorcabilin a strong interaction, the natural sarpedobilin being definitely
      captured by the ascorbic acid barrier on the silica gel layer. Spectrophotometric
      studies of the ascorbate-sarpedobilin interaction led to the conclusion that more
      than 2 mol of ascorbic acid are required per mole of pigment. The results are
      discussed in connection with the possible biochemical role of such bilins.

PMID- 3403667
TI  - Several intermediate forms in the processing of rat lutropin subunits as shown by
      sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
AB  - To study the biosynthesis in situ of lutropin (LH) subunits, anterior pituitary
      cells in culture were employed. The cells were incubated in the presence of
      [35S]methionine. Labelled polypeptides, immunologically related to alpha and LH
      beta subunits, were isolated by specific immunoprecipitation, then analysed by
      sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and
      revealed by fluorography. Electrophoretic analysis of immunoprecipitates is a
      crucial step in this methodology. It permits simultaneous purification,
      characterization and accurate quantitation of the radioactivity specifically
      incorporated into LH subunits. Also, using SDS-PAGE, it is possible to isolate
      and identify the different processed forms of LH subunits.

PMID- 3403668
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatography of carotenoids from some marine shellfish.
AB  - The chromatographic profiles of carotenoids from some marine shellfish are
      reported. The analyses were performed both by gradient elution reversed-phase and
      isocratic direct phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the
      results obtained are compared and discussed. The six main carotenoids extracted
      from three shellfish species (Chlamys opercularis, L., Cardium tuberculatum, L.,
      Pecten jacobaeus, L.) were isolated in highly pure form by means of semi
      preparative HPLC. They were characterized by means of spectroscopic methods
      (visible absorption and infrared spectroscopy), and chemical tests: the
      identification of fucoxanthin and alloxanthin was possible while a tentative
      identification of two other carotenoids (fucoxanthinol and diatoxanthin) was
      suggested. Carotenoids in clams and scallops were present both in esterified and
      free form, while in cardia only carotenoid esters were detected.

PMID- 3403669
TI  - Large-scale fractionation of S-form lipopolysaccharide from Salmonella abortus
      equi. Chemical and serological characterization of the fractions.
AB  - The S-form lipopolysaccharide of Salmonella abortus equi was separated by a newly
      elaborated extraction method with organic solvents into three fractions of
      different chain length of the O-polysaccharide they contained. The three
      fractions were designated long-chain (20-50 repeating units), short-chain (0-6)
      and R-fraction (no repeating units) according to their migration pattern in
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecylsulphate. The
      nature of the fractions as long- and short-chain and as R-fraction was confirmed
      by chemical analysis. The concentration of O-specific sugars was highest in the
      long-chain fraction, where their molar ratio to glucosamine was ca. 25:1. In the
      short-chain fraction the ratio of O-sugars to glucosamine was 2.5:1, and in the R
      fraction O-specific sugars were absent. The serological properties of the three
      fractions were in good agreement with their chemical composition.

PMID- 3403670
TI  - Synthesis of [16,16,19(-2)H3; 19(-3)H]19-oxo-androst-4-ene-3,17-dione.
AB  - The synthesis of [16,16,19(-2)H3; 19(-3)H]19-oxo-androst-4-ene-3,17-dione
      starting with 3 beta, 19-dihydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one is described.

PMID- 3403671
TI  - Liposomally entrapped adenosine triphosphate. Improved efficiency against
      experimental brain ischaemia in the rat.
AB  - Liposomally entrapped adenosine triphosphate (ATP) was administered
      intracerebroventricularly and intracarotidally to rats subjected to brain
      ischaemic episodes by clamping of the carotid arteries and lowering of the
      systemic blood pressure. It was observed that, when entrapped in liposomes, ATP
      greatly increased the number of ischaemic episodes before brain electrical
      silence and death. The results open new perspectives in brain ATP supply, which
      will potentially be useful in human resuscitation from deep brain hypoergic
      states.

PMID- 3403672
TI  - Inoculation of BALB/c mice against Leishmania major infection with Leishmania
      derived antigens isolated by gel filtration.
AB  - Gel filtration can be used as a substitute for preparative polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis in the preparation of an immunogenic, partly purified, fraction
      isolated from lysates of Leishmania promastigotes. This fraction, the molecular
      weight of which ranged from 70,000 to 53,000, when administered to BALB/c mice in
      associated with muramyl dipeptide induced resistance against cutaneous
      leishmaniasis.

PMID- 3403674
TI  - Advances in chromatography 1987. Proceedings of the twenty-fourth international
      symposium. West Berlin, September 8-10, 1987.

PMID- 3403675
TI  - Chromatography of functionalized liposomes and their components.
AB  - The antitumour drug 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara C) was acylated by
      means of oleic acid anhydride, resulting in the prodrug N4-oleoyl-ara C. Together
      with a lipophilic biotin derivative, this lipophilic prodrug was incorporated
      into the bilayer membrane of unilamellar liposomes prepared by means of the
      detergent dialysis method. On addition of these biotinylated prodrug-liposomes to
      an excess of avidin, biotin residues were complexed with avidin. The unreacted
      avidin was removed by chromatography on the Ultrogel AcA-22 column. The prodrug
      liposome-avidin complex was coupled to biotinylated monoclonal antibodies through
      the free binding sites of the immobilized avidin. Unreacted antibodies were
      removed by chromatography on an Ultrogel AcA-22 column. In vitro, the liposome
      antibody complexes selectively bound to cells which were recognized by the
      monoclonal antibodies linked to the liposomes. For this reason, a promising
      strategy towards a specific chemotherapy of cancer is expected.

PMID- 3403673
TI  - Identification of dekamycin antibiotics.
AB  - Dekamycin was isolated from strain DK5 of Streptomyces fradiae, and purified by
      ion-exchange column chromatography. Excellent separation of N-acetylated
      derivatives of the antibiotic mixture was achieved by two different methods,
      flash chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. Mass
      spectrometry (252Cf plasma desorption mass spectrometry, fast atom bombardment)
      for the analysis of N-acetyldekamycins (neomycin B, neomycin C, neamine and
      ribostamycin) was mainly used to confirm the molecular weight of a structure
      deduced by 1H and 13C NMR analyses.

PMID- 3403677
TI  - CAPA--Computer Aided Pesticide Analysis. Computer program for the automated
      evaluation of chromatographic data for residue analysis of foods.
AB  - Pesticide residue analysis in food by means of gas chromatography with columns of
      different polarity and several selective detectors provides the analyst with a
      great number of chromatographic data. The introduction of personal computer based
      chromatographic data systems into research laboratories increased the efficiency
      of information management and organization; user designed software packages now
      have direct access to the stored data. The computer program CAPA (Computer Aided
      Pesticide Analysis) was developed for the interpretation and evaluation of
      chromatographic results. The program is written in TURBO PASCAL 3.0 and consists
      of several subprograms. In the main database all pesticides are filed in a
      multidimensional structure. The various subprograms have access to this catalog
      of retention and response data. Using the subprogram INTERPRET, which is the core
      of CAPA, the analyst is provided with all information necessary to interpret a
      gas chromatogram: identification of calibrated pesticides and estimation of their
      concentration. Automated screening analyses can be evaluated with the subprogram
      AUTOINTERPRET, an automated of INTERPRET that uses all relevant information
      stored in the data base. A report is produced containing the pesticides found in
      the sample and proposals how to confirm them best with the equipment and methods
      available. Finally the analyst has to make the decision about the probable
      presence and quantity of the indicated pesticides and to project the next
      confirmatory step by using INTERPRET.

PMID- 3403676
TI  - Detection of non-typical porphyrin isomers in human urines by ion-pair reversed
      phase high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - An improved ion-pair reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic
      system has been developed for the separation of uroporphyrin isomers I, II and
      III, whereas the isomers III and IV could not be resolved. Application of this
      method to the analysis of urines from porphyric patients indicated the presence
      of small amounts of the non-typical uroporphyrin isomer II. The questionable
      presence of the isomer IV was confirmed by acid-catalyzed decarboxylation to the
      corresponding coproporphyrin isomers, which were completely separated by a
      modified ion-pair method at elevated column temperatures. These procedures
      enabled the detection of small fractions of the atypical isomers II (1-3%) and IV
      (8-15%) besides the normal isomers I and III in urines of patients suffering from
      attacks of acute intermittent porphyria. Because such urines contain large
      amounts of porphobilinogen, the nonenzymatic self-condensation of porphobilinogen
      to uroporphyrinogens was studied under mild reaction conditions. In these
      experiments quite similar isomeric compositions were observed as compared to
      those in urines of patients with acute intermittent porphyria. Thus the non
      typical uroporphyrin isomers II and IV present in human urines originate from a
      simple non-enzymatic condensation of porphobilinogen.

PMID- 3403678
TI  - Characterization of a lipid-rich fraction synthesized by Streptomyces
      avermitilis.
AB  - Isolation of the macrocyclic lactone parasiticide avermectin and other closely
      related natural products produced by Streptomyces avermitilis also yields a lipid
      rich fraction. The latter has been characterized by techniques based on gas
      liquid chromatography (GLC) and mass spectrometry (MS). Initial examination of
      the lipid-rich fraction by direct probe electron-impact (EI) MS and packed-column
      GLC showed that it consists primarily of a mixture of triglycerides possessing
      C14-C17 acyl groups. Further examination of this fraction by capillary column GLC
      MS demonstrated that it contains low levels of C15-C17 free fatty acids, squalene
      and diglycerides and, as the major components, at least ten mixed acyl
      triglycerides (total number of acyl carbon atoms ranging from 43 to 50).
      Prominent among the triglycerides were a C15-C15-C16 species, a C15-C16-C16
      species and a C15-C16-C17 species. Capillary-column GLC and GLC-MS of the fatty
      acid methyl esters resulting from transesterification demonstrated that the major
      triglyceride acyl groups are anteiso-C15 (12-methyltetradecanoyl), iso-C16 (14
      methylpentadecanoyl), n-C16 (hexa-decanoyl) and anteiso-C17 (14
      methylhexadecanoyl). Lower levels of the methyl esters of the following fatty
      acids were observed: iso-C14 (12-methyltridecanoic), n-C14 (tetradecanoic), iso
      C15 (13-methyltetradecanoic), n-C15 (pentadecanoic), iso-C17 (15
      methylhexadecanoic) and n-C17 (heptadecanoic). Little evidence was seen for
      either unsaturated acyl groups or acyl groups of less than 13 or more than 18
      carbon atoms. Desorption chemical ionization MS (ammonia reagent gas) analysis
      confirmed the nature of the lipid-rich fraction, and is an attractive one-step
      approach for determining the molecular weights and distribution of triglycerides
      in a mixture.

PMID- 3403679
TI  - Analysis of ppb levels of organics in water by means of purge-and-trap, capillary
      gas chromatography and selective detectors.
AB  - The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has issued a series of methods (500 and
      600 series) for the analysis of organics in drinking water and industrial
      discharges. Methods 601 and 602 employ packed-column gas chromatography (GC) with
      electrolytic conductivity (E1CD) and photoionization detection (PID),
      respectively. A purge-and-trap system is used for concentration of volatiles. The
      EPA is in the process of converting methods 601 and 602 and certain 500-series
      methods to capillary column analysis. We have also initiated the conversion of a
      number of these methods, using E1CD and PID and have described them in detail in
      this paper. We have evaluated both 0.32- and 0.53-mm diameter capillary columns,
      using helium and nitrogen as carrier gases with each detector. We found that with
      nitrogen optimum results are obtained at a flow-rate of 15 ml/min, and with
      helium at 6-8 ml/min. As a result of system optimization, including operation of
      the two detectors in series, and converting from packed to capillary columns, we
      found that analysis time could be reduced from 80 min (for two methods
      separately) to ca. 30 min. In addition, the elution of more than five components
      in one peak, observed when the packed column specified in method 601 are used,
      was eliminated.

PMID- 3403680
TI  - Resolution of stereoisomers of dipeptides by gas chromatography on Chirasil-Val.
AB  - Several dipeptides have been separated into stereoisomers (enantiomers,
      diastereomers, sequential isomers) by gas chromatography on Chirasil-Val.
      Sufficiently volatile N-trifluoroacetyl dipeptide methyl esters were formed at
      ambient temperature, thus avoiding racemization (or epimerization, respectively,
      and cleavage of the peptide bond. This method is suitable for ascertaining the
      stereoisomeric composition of dipeptides in biological samples.

PMID- 3403681
TI  - Preparation of fatty acid methyl esters by direct transesterification of lipids
      with aluminium chloride-methanol.
AB  - A new and simple procedure has been developed that allows the direct
      transesterification of lipids, using aluminium chloride as a catalyst and
      methanol as the esterifying alcohol. The concentration of the salt and reaction
      conditions have been investigated for the different lipid classes. Comparative
      studies, performed with boron trifluoride-methanol, indicate that the same values
      are obtained when using either reagent. In addition, the method has been adapted
      for transesterification in the presence of silica gel and other adsorbents, thus
      allowing the preparation of fatty acid methyl or ethyl esters directly from
      samples previously fractionated by thin-layer chromatography. This new reagent is
      very stable and easy to handle, the fatty acids being generated in the same tube
      without further purification steps.

PMID- 3403683
TI  - Quality assurance program evaluation: a view from the unit base.

PMID- 3403682
TI  - Evaluating a successful quality assurance program: the process.

PMID- 3403684
TI  - Evaluation: a vital component of the quality assurance program.

PMID- 3403685
TI  - Challenges of quality assurance program evaluation in a practice setting.

PMID- 3403686
TI  - Designing a quality assurance program evaluation: a process model.

PMID- 3403687
TI  - Patton's utilization-focused evaluation as the basis of the quality assurance
      process.

PMID- 3403689
TI  - Part 2. Quantitative and qualitative approaches to nursing quality assurance
      program evaluation.

PMID- 3403688
TI  - Part 1. An overview of evaluation methodology for nursing quality assurance
      programs.

PMID- 3403690
TI  - Using importance-performance analysis to define the RN role in discharge
      planning.

PMID- 3403691
TI  - A multiple evaluation study on artificial nails.

PMID- 3403693
TI  - Cholesterol transfer between alpha- and beta-lipoprotein fractions in serum.
      Method of estimation and some factors influencing the cholesterol translocation.

PMID- 3403692
TI  - [Pyrazole sensitive and pyrazole insensitive-alcohol dehydrogenase activities in
      biopsied livers of patients with alcoholic liver disease].

PMID- 3403694
TI  - [A clinical study on the reliability of plasma glucose and glycosylated
      hemoglobins as an index of glucose control in elderly diabetics].

PMID- 3403695
TI  - [Cerebral blood flow in patients suffering from chronic renal failure during
      hemodialysis].

PMID- 3403696
TI  - [Fundamental studies of transcatheter arterial chemo-embolization with adriamycin
      microcapsules containing ferromagnetic microparticles as the core].

PMID- 3403699
TI  - Auditory brainstem response in diabetic coma and cerebral infarction.

PMID- 3403698
TI  - [The study of patterns of dose response curve using the Astograph in asthmatic
      children].

PMID- 3403697
TI  - [Studies on the cholesterol transfer in serum in patients with xanthoma].

PMID- 3403700
TI  - Neuropsychological predictors in stroke rehabilitation.
AB  - A mailed questionnaire, sent routinely to discharged stroke patients, divided
      left-hemisphere (n = 68) and right-hemisphere (n = 77) patients into three groups
      of general help dependency in basic activities-of-daily-life skills. A subsample
      of 29 patients was visited at home and asked to reanswer the questionnaire under
      guidance of a trained occupational therapist. The reliability of the
      questionnaire was considered satisfactory. Both neurological deficits and
      neuropsychological syndromes correlated significantly with the level of help
      needed for managing alone at home. Multiple regression analysis revealed a major
      gain in explained variance in help dependency when neuropsychological test
      results were added to information on degree of hemiplegia and hemianopia. Keeping
      in mind the subject characteristics of the study sample, apraxia and pathological
      emotional reactions were the more important variables in the left-hemisphere and
      right-hemisphere groups respectively. The challenge from rehabilitation
      psychology is discussed and the need for developing more sophisticated methods
      for assessing rehabilitation potential is stressed.

PMID- 3403701
TI  - Dichotic-listening evidence of right-hemisphere involvement in recovery from
      aphasia following stroke.
AB  - A dichotic-listening procedure was used to investigate the role of the right
      hemisphere in recovery from aphasia following left-hemisphere stroke. Thirty-one
      stroke patients were divided into three groups: (a) patients who were recovering
      from aphasia (Aphasic group, n = 11), (b) patients who had experienced mild
      strokes with only transient dysarthria (Dysarthric group, n = 10), and (c)
      patients who had sustained right-hemisphere stroke with no language disturbance
      (Nonaphasic group, n = 10). In addition, a group of normal, healthy volunteers
      served as a control group (n = 11). Results show that, like the Control subjects,
      the Dysarthrics and Nonaphasics showed a strong right-ear advantage (REA) for
      dichotically presented consonant-vowel (CV) syllables. This is usually thought to
      be an indication of left-hemisphere dominance (Kimura, 1961). By contrast, the
      Aphasic group showed left-ear advantage (LEA) suggesting a shift in cerebral
      dominance for language. The possibility that the results were due to sensory
      degradation of the auditory messages (lesion effect) was explored. This idea was
      rejected in favor of an explanation based on increased right-hemisphere mediation
      of language following left-hemisphere aphasiogenic lesions.

PMID- 3403702
TI  - Equivalent spatial-rotation deficits in normal aging and Alzheimer's disease.
AB  - Two tests of spatial-rotation ability were administered to 17 young normals, 23
      aged normals, and 51 patients with diagnoses of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The AD
      patients consisted of 28 early dementia patients and 23 advanced dementia
      patients. On a computerized version of the Boston Naming Test, 40 objects were
      presented for naming, 20 of which were rotated 180 degrees. The subjects'
      capacity for mental rotation was assessed on the basis of their accuracy of
      naming of rotated vs. unrotated objects. On Money's Standardized Road Map Test,
      in which the subject is asked whether turns on a map are to the left or to the
      right, spatial-rotation ability was assessed on the basis of the subject's left
      right orientation on turns with movement away from the subject (requiring no
      rotation) vs. turns with movement toward the subject (requiring rotation).
      Performance on both tasks was progressively worse in the young normal, aged
      normal, early dementia, and advanced dementia groups. Both tasks demonstrated a
      clear spatial-rotation deficit in the elderly. Although the spatial-rotation
      effect was superimposed upon deficits in naming and left-right orientation in the
      demented subjects, the magnitude of the rotation effect did not significantly
      differ in the aged normal vs. the early dementia group on either task, suggesting
      that early AD produces no further impairment of spatial-rotation abilities than
      is produced by normal aging.

PMID- 3403703
TI  - Verbal processing by the brain.
AB  - Reitan and Wolfson (1985) have proposed a model of brain-behavior relationships
      which postulates a three-part organization of higher-level aspects of central
      processing: Verbal and related language functions (mainly left hemisphere),
      visual-spatial and related abilities (mainly right hemisphere), and conceptual
      abilities (both hemispheres). Three groups of subjects (controls, left cerebral
      lesions, and right cerebral lesions) and two strictly verbal tests (the Word
      Finding Test and the Vocabulary subtest from the Wechsler Scale) were used as a
      partial test of this model. Left cerebral lesions impaired Vocabulary scores but
      right cerebral lesions had little if any impairing effect. However, on the Word
      Finding Test, which has a strong conceptual requirement in addition to the verbal
      requirement, the group with left cerebral lesions continued to show striking
      impairment but the group with right cerebral lesions also showed significant
      impairment as compared to the control group. Additional studies are needed to
      test the proposed model in more detail.

PMID- 3403704
TI  - Long-lasting memory deficits in children recovered from Reye's syndrome.
AB  - Twenty-six children, ages 7-18 years, were tested for possible memory impairments
      following Reye's syndrome (RS). The RS group was matched to a normal control
      group on race, age, SES, and estimated IQ. The Wechsler Memory Scale (with
      delayed recall) and two depth-of-processing tests were administered. For the
      control group, the mean MQ-IQ difference was +2, while the MQ-IQ difference for
      the RS group was -14. This proved to be highly significant. Short-term memory and
      long-term memory scores were significantly lower for the RS group, with verbal
      memory tasks being most affected.

PMID- 3403705
TI  - Visuospatial dysfunction following unilateral brain damage: dissociations in
      hierarchical and hemispatial analysis.
AB  - Unlike the aphasias, visuospatial dysfunction has resisted fractionation into
      meaningful spared and impaired component functions. In this study, we show that
      unilateral brain damage results in pronounced dissociations in both hierarchical
      and hemispatial processing. Patients with left-hemisphere damage showed the
      greatest impairment in drawing forms at the lower level of hierarchical stimuli
      presented in right hemispace, whereas patients with right-hemisphere compromise
      displayed the opposite pattern. We discuss implications of these results for
      research in visuospatial function and clinical assessment of visuospatial
      dysfunction.

PMID- 3403706
TI  - Evaluation of a typology of reading disability.
AB  - A typology of reading disability was derived from a cluster analysis of
      psychological and educational tests administered to 63 moderately to severely
      reading-disabled children and adolescents. The quality of the cluster solution
      was evaluated through the use of statistics designed to measure the degree to
      which the clusters were compact and well separated. The values of the evaluation
      statistics for the reading clusters were compared to the distribution of these
      statistics in a sample of 100 cluster solutions from comparable simulated data
      sets. The results of this comparison suggest that the derived reading-disability
      clusters represent true subtypes rather than a random partitioning of a
      homogeneous group of subjects. The commonalities among subjects in the same
      clusters appear to be such as to permit hypotheses about treatment based on
      cluster membership. The clusters included a language disorder with associated
      deficits in auditory memory and sound blending, an auditory processing disorder,
      a mixed auditory and visual processing disorder, and an auditory memory and
      visual processing disorder. This study did not find the "normal" and visual
      perceptual subtypes reported in some other recent investigations.

PMID- 3403707
TI  - Age-related changes in performance on a visual-closure task.
AB  - A sample of 645 volunteer subjects, 50-79 years of age, took part for two
      consecutive years in a neuropsychological study of perception and memory. The
      sample was divided into three age groups (50-59, 60-69, and 70-79) in order to
      examine any age-related changes in performance. On a visual-closure task, similar
      to that of Gollin (1960), all age groups showed significant improvements in
      performance (savings) with repeated exposure to the drawings, both after a 15
      min, and again after a 1-year, time interval. There were significant differences,
      however, between the different age groups on all aspects of the task, including
      number of errors made during initial perceptual performance, percentage of
      savings over both short- and long-time intervals, and number of items recalled.
      These findings are contrasted with those from studies of implicit and explicit
      aspects of verbal memory in normal young and old people, which have found no age
      related differences in implicit memory abilities. Implications of these findings,
      as they relate to the neuropsychological assessment of memory in older people,
      are discussed briefly.

PMID- 3403708
TI  - The spirit of science. Presidential address to the American Society for Clinical
      Investigation, Washington, DC, 30 April 1988.

PMID- 3403710
TI  - Modulation of erythrocyte membrane material properties by Ca2+ and calmodulin.
      Implications for their role in regulation of skeletal protein interactions.
AB  - Skeletal proteins of the red blood cell apparently play an important role in
      regulating membrane material properties of deformability and stability. However,
      the role of various intracellular constituents in regulating membrane properties
      has not been clearly defined. To determine whether Ca2+ and calmodulin might play
      a role in this regulation, we measured the membrane stability and deformability
      of resealed ghosts prepared in the presence of varying concentrations of Ca2+ and
      calmodulin (CaM). For membranes resealed in the presence of Ca2+ and physiologic
      concentrations of CaM (2-8 microM), membrane stability decreased with increasing
      Ca2+ concentrations (greater than 1.0 microM). Moreover, Ca2+ and CaM-induced
      alterations in membrane stability were completely reversible. In the absence of
      CaM, an equivalent decrease in membrane stability was seen only when Ca2+
      concentration was two orders of magnitude higher (greater than 100 microM).
      Calmodulin did not alter membrane stability in the absence of Ca2+. Compared with
      these changes in membrane stability, membrane deformability decreased only at
      Ca2+ concentrations greater than 100 microM, and calmodulin had no effect on Ca2+
      induced decrease in membrane deformability. Examination of the effects of Ca2+
      and CaM on various membrane interactions have enabled us to suggest that spectrin
      protein 4.1-actin interaction may be one of the targets for the effect of Ca2+
      and CaM. These results imply that Ca2+ and calmodulin can regulate membrane
      stability through modulation of skeletal protein interactions, and that these
      protein interactions are of a dynamic nature on intact membranes.

PMID- 3403709
TI  - Characterization of the fetal glucose transporter in rabbit kidney. Comparison
      with the adult brush border electrogenic Na+-glucose symporter.
AB  - Glucose transport was characterized in rabbit renal brush border membrane
      vesicles (BBMV) of the fetus late in gestation. Highly purified, osmotically
      reactive fetal BBMV contained a glucose transporter that was qualitatively
      indistinguishable from that in the adult: both are concentrative, Na+ dependent,
      electrogenic, stereospecific, and sensitive to phlorizin. Although the apparent
      Km for glucose is similar in the fetus and adult, the Vmax is significantly
      higher in the adult. When the membrane potential was clamped with a protonophore,
      this difference diminished; however, Vmax remained significantly higher in adult
      BBMV. This postnatal increase in Vmax was paralleled by a similar increase in the
      number of phlorizin binding sites. These findings indicate that the maturational
      increase in glucose transport is, in part, consequent to a more favorable
      electrical potential for Na+-dependent glucose transport and, in part, the result
      of the insertion of new transporters. The homogenate activity of several brush
      border enzymes also demonstrated significant maturational increases. The
      magnitude of these changes was variable and enzyme dependent. These combined
      observations suggest that mature expression of membrane proteins (transporters
      and enzymes) occurs at different stages of development of renal proximal tubule
      cells.

PMID- 3403711
TI  - Acute renal failure with selective medullary injury in the rat.
AB  - Since human acute renal failure (ARF) is frequently the result of multiple rather
      than single insults, we used a combination of treatments to induce ARF in rats.
      Uninephrectomized, salt-depleted rats injected with indomethacin developed ARF
      after administration of radiocontrast. After 24 h, the plasma creatine rose from
      103 +/- 3 to 211 +/- 22 mumol/liter (mean +/- SE) and the creatinine clearance
      dropped from 0.7 +/- 0.1 to 0.2 +/- 0.04 ml/min (P less than 0.001). Severe
      injury was confined to the outer medulla and comprised necrosis of medullary
      thick ascending limbs (mTALs), tubular collapse, and casts. Other nephron
      segments were free of damage except for the proximal convoluted tubules which
      showed vacuole formation originating from lateral limiting membranes that
      resembled changes reported in human contrast nephropathy. Cell damage to mTALs
      included mitochondrial swelling, nuclear pyknosis, and cytoplasmic disruption
      with superimposed calcification; these changes were most severe in the deepest
      areas of the outer medulla, away from vasa recta in zones remote from oxygen
      supply. The fraction of mTALs with severe damage was 30 +/- 7% (range 2-68) and
      the extent of injury was correlated with a rise in plasma creatinine (r = 0.8, P
      less than 0.001). Thus, the nature of mTAL injury was similar to the selective
      lesions observed in isolated kidneys perfused with cell-free medium and was shown
      to derive from an imbalance between high oxygen demand by actively transporting
      mTALs and the meager oxygen supply to the renal medulla. Combined multiple renal
      insults in the rat produce ARF that resembles the clinical syndrome of contrast
      nephropathy and is characterized by selective mTAL injury conditioned by
      medullary hypoxia.

PMID- 3403712
TI  - Cardiac and peripheral circulatory responses to angiotension and vasopressin in
      dogs.
AB  - To determine the cardiac and peripheral circulatory responses to changes in
      afterload with angiotension and vasopressin, we increased mean aortic pressure
      25% and 50% above control in splenectomized and ganglion-blocked dogs. We
      compared these responses to similar mechanical increases in aortic pressure
      produced by partial balloon occlusion of the descending aorta. With 25% or 50%
      increases in aortic pressure, angiotensin, vasopressin, and balloon inflation
      produced no changes in heart rate, right atrial, and mean pulmonary artery
      pressures. At 25% increase in aortic pressure, cardiac output was maintained with
      angiotensin and balloon occlusion but decreased with vasopressin. At 50% increase
      in aortic pressure, cardiac output was maintained with only balloon occlusion and
      decreased with both angiotensin and vasopressin. Whenever cardiac output fell,
      central blood volume did not increase as after-load increased. These changes in
      preload can be explained by alterations in the venous circulation. Vasopressin
      did not alter venous compliance or unstressed vascular volume but increased
      resistance to venous return. Angiotensin also increased resistance to venous
      return but decreased venous compliance and did not change unstressed vascular
      volume. Balloon occlusion had no effects on these parameters. We conclude that:
      (a) angiotensin caused significant venoconstriction resulting in maintenance of
      cardiac output at 25% but not 50% increase in aortic pressure; (b) vasopressin
      increased the resistance to venous return without venoconstriction; this resulted
      in a fall in cardiac output even with a 25% increase in aortic pressure; and (c)
      the effects of the agents on the venous circulation were independent of the
      mechanical effects of a pressure increase in the arterial circulation.

PMID- 3403713
TI  - Modest decrements in plasma glucose concentration cause early impairment in
      cognitive function and later activation of glucose counterregulation in the
      absence of hypoglycemic symptoms in normal man.
AB  - To establish the glycemic threshold for onset of neuroglycopenia (impaired
      cognitive function, measured by the latency of the P300 wave), activation of
      hormonal counterregulation and hypoglycemic symptoms, 12 normal subjects were
      studied either under conditions of insulin-induced, glucose-controlled plasma
      glucose decrements, or during maintenance of euglycemia. A decrement in plasma
      glucose concentration from 88 +/- 3 to 80 +/- 1 mg/dl for 150 min did not result
      in changes in the latency of the P300 wave nor in an activation of
      counterregulatory hormonal response. In contrast, a greater decrement in plasma
      glucose concentration from 87 +/- 3 to 72 +/- 1 mg/dl for 120 min caused an
      increase in the latency of the P300 wave (from 301 +/- 12 to 348 +/- 20 ms, P
      less than 0.01), a subsequent increase in all counterregulatory hormones but no
      hypoglycemic symptoms. Finally, when plasma glucose concentration was decreased
      in a stepwise manner from 88 +/- 2 to 50 +/- 1 mg/dl within 75 min, the increase
      in the latency of the P300 wave was correlated with the corresponding plasma
      glucose concentration (r = -0.76, P less than 0.001). The glycemic threshold for
      hypoglycemic symptoms was 49 +/- 2 mg/dl. Thus, in normal man the glycemic
      threshold for neuroglycopenia (72 +/- 1 mg/dl) is greater than currently thought;
      the hormonal counterregulation follows the onset of neuroglycopenia; the
      hypoglycemic symptoms are a late indicator of advanced neuroglycopenia.

PMID- 3403714
TI  - An in vitro human muscle preparation suitable for metabolic studies. Decreased
      insulin stimulation of glucose transport in muscle from morbidly obese and
      diabetic subjects.
AB  - We have developed an in vitro muscle preparation suitable for metabolic studies
      with human muscle tissue and have investigated the effects of obesity and non
      insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) on glucose transport. Transport of 3
      O-methylglucose and 2-deoxyglucose was stimulated approximately twofold by
      insulin in muscle from normal nonobese subjects and stimulation occurred in the
      normal physiological range of insulin concentrations. In contrast to insulin
      stimulation of 3-O-methylglucose and 2-deoxyglucose transport in muscle from
      normal, nonobese subjects, tissue from morbidly obese subjects, with or without
      NIDDM, were not responsive to insulin. Maximal 3-O-methylglucose transport was
      lower in muscle of obese than nonobese subjects. Morbidly obese patients, with or
      without NIDDM, have a severe state of insulin resistance in glucose transport.
      The novel in vitro human skeletal muscle preparation herein described should be
      useful in investigating the mechanism of this insulin resistance.

PMID- 3403715
TI  - Mechanism of decreased forward stroke volume in children and swine with
      ventricular septal defect and failure to thrive.
AB  - Children with ventricular septal defect (VSD) often demonstrate failure to thrive
      (FTT). Such patients usually have reduced systemic cardiac output which has been
      postulated as a cause for their growth retardation. This study was conducted to
      ascertain the mechanism of the reduced cardiac output in children with VSD and
      FTT and also in a porcine model of VSD. Forward stroke volume was reduced in VSD
      FTT children, 31 +/- 8 ml/m2, compared to normal children, 49 +/- 15 ml/m2 (P
      less than 0.05), but was not reduced in children with VSD and normal growth and
      development (41 +/- 16 ml/m2). Forward stroke volume was also reduced in swine
      with VSD compared to controls. Contractility assessed by mean velocity of
      circumferential shortening (Vcf) corrected for afterload was similar in normals
      and VSD-FTT children. Contractile performance was also similar in normal and VSD
      swine. Afterload assessed as systolic stress was similar in FTT-VSD children and
      normal subjects. Preload assessed as end-diastolic stress was increased in the
      VSD-FTT group. End-diastolic volume was not larger in the VSD-FTT group. We
      conclude that the reduced stroke volume seen in VSD-FTT children and VSD-swine
      was not due to reduced contractility, increased afterload or reduced preload. The
      reduced stroke volume may have been due to failure of end-diastolic volume to
      increase adequately.

PMID- 3403716
TI  - New amber mutation in a beta-thalassemic gene with nonmeasurable levels of mutant
      messenger RNA in vivo.
AB  - We have identified a beta-thalassemia gene that carries a novel nonsense mutation
      in a Chinese patient. This mutation, a G to T substitution at the first position
      of codon 43, changes the glutamic acid coding triplet (GAG) to a terminator codon
      (TAG). Based on oligonucleotide hybridization studies of 78 Chinese and Southeast
      Asian beta-thalassemia chromosomes, we estimate that this mutation accounts for a
      small minority of the beta-thalassemia mutations in that population. Study of the
      expression of this cloned gene in a transient expression system demonstrated a
      65% decrease in levels of normally spliced mutant beta-globin mRNA. However, the
      study of reticulocyte RNA isolated from an individual heterozygous for this
      mutation demonstrated a total absence of this mutant mRNA in vivo. The basis for
      this big discrepancy between the level of accumulated mRNA in vivo and in vitro
      is probably the result of differences in the stabilities of the mutant mRNA in
      erythroid cells.

PMID- 3403717
TI  - Dependence of metabolic and structural heterogeneity of cholesterol ester-rich
      very low density lipoproteins on the duration of cholesterol feeding in rabbits.
AB  - Cholesterol ester-rich (CER) VLDL accumulate rapidly in the plasma of rabbits fed
      cholesterol-enriched diets. However, the major loci of enhanced synthesis of
      subfractions of CER-VLDL, their interaction with macrophages, and their relative
      contribution to atherogenesis have not yet been elucidated. To determine whether
      anabolism is hepatic or intestinal, subfractions of CER-VLDL were characterized
      at selected intervals from day 0 to 60 of cholesterol feeding. Rate zonal
      ultracentrifugation of CER-VLDL from rabbits fed cholesterol for 4 and 60 d
      demonstrated an early increase of the proportion of cholesterol carried in the
      intestinally-derived fraction (designated as Fx-I) of VLDL compared with that in
      hepatically-derived particles (Fx-H). Quantification by size exclusion HPLC also
      demonstrated that Fx-I was a prominent CER-VLDL component at day 4, while Fx-H
      particles became increasingly prominent with further cholesterol feeding. At both
      4 and 60 d Fx-I stimulated cholesterol esterification and intracellular
      cholesterol content in macrophages more than the corresponding Fx-H did. In fact,
      Fx-H harvested at 4 d produced no cholesterol ester deposition. In contrast, Fx-H
      harvested at 60 d markedly stimulated cholesterol esterification and
      intracellular cholesterol content. Thus, both compositional and metabolic
      characteristics of CER-VLDL changed as a function of the duration cholesterol
      feeding.

PMID- 3403718
TI  - Complement induces a transient increase in membrane permeability in unlysed
      erythrocytes.
AB  - The effects of low concentrations of human serum on antibody-sensitized sheep
      erythrocytes (EA) were studied. We report that exposure to low concentrations of
      serum induced a large but transient increase in the membrane permeability of
      those EA that do not lyse. This change in the permeability of the erythrocyte
      membrane resulted in net uptake of Na+ and decrease in cell K+, without affecting
      the total internal cation content. Although exposure to serum also allowed for
      net uptake of larger molecules like L-glucose, it did not lead to cell swelling.
      Experiments with sera genetically deficient in one of the terminal complement
      components showed that C8, but not C9, was required to produce the observed
      change in membrane permeability. Therefore, we propose that the C5b-8 complex can
      mediate the transient increase in permeability observed in unlysed erythrocytes
      during complement activation by whole serum.

PMID- 3403719
TI  - Inhibition of glutathione efflux in the perfused rat liver and isolated
      hepatocytes by organic anions and bilirubin. Kinetics, sidedness, and molecular
      forms.
AB  - Using isolated, in situ, single-pass perfused rat livers, incubations of freshly
      isolated hepatocytes, and sinusoidal membrane-enriched vesicles, we and others
      have shown the saturability of transport (efflux) of hepatic glutathione (GSH).
      These observations have implicated a carrier mechanism. Our present studies were
      designed to provide further evidence in support of a carrier mechanism for
      hepatic GSH efflux by demonstrating competition by liver-specific ligands which
      are taken up by hepatocytes. Perfusing livers with different substances, we found
      that: (a) sulfobromophthalein-GSH (BSP-GSH) had a dose-dependent and fully
      reversible inhibitory effect on GSH efflux, while GSH alone did not have any
      effect; (b) taurocholate had no inhibitory effect; (c) all of the organic anions
      studied, i.e., BSP, rose bengal, indocyanine green, and unconjugated bilirubin
      (UCB), manifested potent, dose-dependent inhibitory effects, with absence of
      toxic effects and complete reversibility of inhibition in the case of UCB. The
      inhibitory effects of UCB could be overcome partially by raising (CoCl2-induced)
      hepatic GSH concentration. Because of the physiological importance of UCB, we
      conducted a detailed study of its inhibitory kinetics in the isolated hepatocyte
      model in the range of circulating concentrations of UCB. Studies with Cl- -free
      media, to inhibit the uptake of UCB by hepatocytes, showed that the inhibition of
      GSH efflux by UCB is apparently from inside the cell. This point was confirmed by
      showing that the inhibition is overcome only when bilirubin-loaded cells are
      cleared of bilirubin (incubation with 5% bovine serum albumin). Using Gunn rat
      hepatocytes and purified bilirubin mono- and diglucuronides, we found that both
      UCB and glucuronide forms of bilirubin inhibit GSH efflux in a dose-dependent
      manner. We conclude that the organic anions, although taken up by a mechanism
      independent of GSH, may competitively inhibit the carrier for GSH efflux from
      inside the hepatocyte.

PMID- 3403720
TI  - Decreased membrane mechanical stability and in vivo loss of surface area reflect
      spectrin deficiencies in hereditary spherocytosis.
AB  - Whereas marked variations in the clinical manifestations of hereditary
      spherocytosis have long been recognized, we have only recently begun to define
      the molecular basis for this heterogeneity. An important unanswered question is
      whether decreased spectrin results in reduced membrane mechanical stability, and
      if this reduction in membrane mechanical stability can be related to in vivo
      surface area loss. Using the ektacytometer, we quantitated membrane surface area
      and stability in erythrocytes from 18 individuals with hereditary spherocytosis
      and deficiencies of spectrin (30-80% of normal spectrin level). Membrane
      mechanical stability was reduced and the magnitude of the reductions correlated
      with the spectrin content. Moreover, the reductions in mechanical stability
      correlated with in vivo loss of membrane surface area. These data indicate that
      decreased spectrin content results in reduced membrane mechanical stability and
      surface area loss in vivo. We conclude that partial deficiencies of spectrin,
      reductions in membrane mechanical stability, and loss of membrane surface area
      are directly related and are major features determining the heterogeneous
      clinical manifestations of hereditary spherocytosis.

PMID- 3403721
TI  - Sucrase-isomaltase deficiency in humans. Different mutations disrupt
      intracellular transport, processing, and function of an intestinal brush border
      enzyme.
AB  - Eight cases of congenital sucrase-isomaltase deficiency were studied at the
      subcellular and protein level with monoclonal antibodies against sucrase
      isomaltase. At least three phenotypes were revealed: one in which sucrase
      isomaltase protein accumulated intracellularly probably in the endoplasmic
      reticulum, as a membrane-associated high-mannose precursor, one in which the
      intracellular transport of the enzyme was apparently blocked in the Golgi
      apparatus, and one in which catalytically altered enzyme was transported to the
      cell surface. All patients expressed electrophoretically normal or near normal
      high-mannose sucrase-isomaltase. The results suggest that different, probably
      small, mutations in the sucrase-isomaltase gene lead to the synthesis of
      transport-incompetent or functionally altered enzyme which results in congenital
      sucrose intolerance.

PMID- 3403722
TI  - Chromogranin A expression in normal and malignant human tissues.
AB  - We used a recombinant cDNA probe for human chromogranin A to measure the
      expression of mRNA encoded by this gene in a variety of normal human tissues and
      tumor specimens using Northern blot and in situ hybridization analysis. With few
      exceptions, the expression of chromogranin A mRNA appears to be restricted to
      normal tissues and tumors of neuroendocrine lineage. However, we have detected
      mRNA expression of this gene in 1 of 14 cell lines and 2 of 13 tumor specimens of
      colon adenocarcinoma. The finding of chromogranin A expression in some colon
      carcinomas suggests that a previously unrecognized subgroup of these tumors has
      neuroendocrine features. The detection of this subgroup demonstrates the
      potential for improving tumor classification through the use of techniques and
      reagents developed by recombinant DNA technology.

PMID- 3403723
TI  - Divergent mechanisms for the insulin resistant and hyperresponsive glucose
      transport in adipose cells from fasted and refed rats. Alterations in both
      glucose transporter number and intrinsic activity.
AB  - The effects of fasting and refeeding on the glucose transport response to insulin
      in isolated rat adipose cells have been examined using 3-O-methylglucose
      transport in intact cells and cytochalasin B binding and Western blotting in
      subcellular membrane fractions. After a 72-h fast, basal glucose transport
      activity decreases slightly and insulin-stimulated activity decreases greater
      than 85%. Following 48 h of fasting, insulin-stimulated glucose transport
      activity is diminished from 3.9 +/- 0.5 to 1.3 +/- 0.3 fmol/cell per min (mean +/
      SEM). Similarly, the concentrations of glucose transporters are reduced with
      fasting in both the plasma membranes from insulin-stimulated cells from 38 +/- 5
      to 18 +/- 3 pmol/mg of membrane protein and the low density microsomes from basal
      cells from 68 +/- 8 to 34 +/- 9 pmol/mg of membrane protein. Ad lib. refeeding
      for 6 d after a 48-h fast results in up to twofold greater maximally insulin
      stimulated glucose transport activity compared with the control level (7.1 +/-
      0.4 vs. 4.5 +/- 0.2 fmol/cell per min), before returning to baseline at 10 d.
      However, the corresponding concentration of glucose transporters in the plasma
      membranes is restored only to the control level (45 +/- 5 vs. 50 +/- 5 pmol/mg of
      membrane protein). Although the concentration of glucose transporters in the low
      density microsomes of basal cells remains decreased, the total number is restored
      to the control level due to an increase in low density microsomal protein. Thus,
      the insulin-resistant glucose transport in adipose cells from fasted rats can be
      explained by a decreased translocation of glucose transporters to the plasma
      membrane due to a depleted intracellular pool. In contrast, the insulin
      hyperresponsive glucose transport observed with refeeding appears to result from
      (a) a restored translocation of glucose transporters to the plasma membrane from
      a repleted intracellular pool and (b) enhanced plasma membrane glucose
      transporter intrinsic activity.

PMID- 3403724
TI  - Developmental changes in the superoxide dismutase activity of human skin
      fibroblasts are maintained in vitro and are not caused by oxygen.
AB  - Confluent cultures of human skin fibroblast lines established from fetal and
      postnatal donors were exposed to a broad range of oxygen tensions (10-600 mmHg)
      for 1 wk; superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was subsequently determined.
      Hyperoxia increased SOD activity slightly in postnatal lines but not in fetal
      lines. The magnitude of the increase in postnatal lines was not significant.
      Fetal lines exhibit only about one-fifth the SOD activity observed in postnatal
      lines. The results indicate that, while development-associated changes in SOD do
      occur in human cells, these alterations do not result from variations in ambient
      oxygen tension.

PMID- 3403727
TI  - The Ontario Child Health Study: social adjustment and mental health of siblings
      of children with chronic health problems.
AB  - There has been controversy concerning the type and amount of psychosocial
      maladjustment among the siblings of children with chronic physical health
      problems and disabilities. Most previous studies have been conducted in clinical
      populations, often from tertiary care centers. This paper reports the risks of
      psychiatric disorders and social adjustment problems of the siblings of
      chronically ill children found in the Ontario Child Health Study (OCHS). The OCHS
      was a general population survey of 3,294 children, 4-16 years of age, living in
      1,869 randomly selected families in the Province of Ontario, Canada. A 2-fold
      risk in emotional disorders, including depression, anxiety, and obsessive
      compulsive disorder, and a 1.6-fold increase in risk in poor peer relationships
      were found. However, risks for conduct disorder, somatization disorder (measured
      only in 12- to 16-year olds), attention deficit disorder-hyperactivity, and one
      or more psychiatric disorders were not elevated. Moreover, no increased risks of
      adjustment problems, including social isolation, low participation in leisure
      activities, low competence in usual childhood recreational activities or school
      problems, were observed. Clinicians treating chronically ill children should
      assess the mental health and adjustment of their siblings without an expectation
      bias that problems will be found.

PMID- 3403726
TI  - Enzymatic amplification of platelet-specific messenger RNA using the polymerase
      chain reaction.
AB  - Human platelets are derived from megakaryocytes as anucleate cells, and thus
      contain only vestigial amounts of RNA capable of being transcribed into protein.
      This has greatly hampered efforts to study directly platelet-specific gene
      products and their associated polymorphisms. In this report, we describe direct
      amplification, using the polymerase chain reaction, of platelet-derived mRNA in
      amounts sufficient to permit detailed analysis, such as restriction mapping and
      nucleotide sequencing. The ability to generate large amounts of cDNA from
      platelet-specific mRNA sequences should make possible direct molecular
      characterization of normal platelet proteins, and facilitate the investigation of
      a wide variety of inherited platelet disorders.

PMID- 3403725
TI  - Increased expression of basement membrane components in human endothelial cells
      cultured in high glucose.
AB  - Although the degree of hyperglycemia is a powerful and independent risk factor
      for diabetic microvascular disease, it has not been established if and how high
      glucose per se can induce the typical lesions of microangiopathy. We have
      investigated in human vascular endothelial cells the expression of messenger RNA
      (mRNA) for collagen type IV and fibronectin, the two glycoproteins
      characteristically increased in diabetic basement membranes. In 12 confluent
      primary cultures exposed for 11 +/- 1 d (mean +/- SD) to 30 mM glucose and
      exhibiting cell number and thymidine incorporation similar to control cultures,
      the levels of collagen IV and fibronectin mRNA were, respectively, 238 +/- 140
      and 221 +/- 231 percent of control (P less than 0.01). The effects of high
      glucose were selective (the levels of collagen I and c-myc mRNA remained
      unchanged), independent of the proliferative activity of the cultures and of the
      plating substratum, and maintained throughout multiple passages. However, several
      days of exposure to high glucose were required before their appearance. These
      observations establish that high glucose is a perturbation sufficient to mimic
      the effects of diabetes on the regulation of basement membrane components and
      propose that modifications in gene expression may pertain to the chain of events
      leading to diabetic angiopathy.

PMID- 3403728
TI  - Behavioral ratings and outcome of medical treatment for encopresis.
AB  - The relationship between behavior problems and encopresis remains controversial.
      Recent research suggests that children with encopresis do have numerous behavior
      problems, but that these problems are generally not as severe as the behavior
      problems found in children referred for mental health services. This study
      explores the relationship between baseline behavior ratings of encopretic boys,
      ages 6-11, on a standardized rating form, the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL),
      and outcome of medical treatment for their encopresis. A strong correlation
      between the product of the sum of the factors on the internalizing scales and the
      sum of the factors on the externalizing scales and their interaction on the CBCL
      was associated with outcome. Specifically, moderate elevations of this function
      predicted good outcome at 3, 6, and 12 months. Very high elevations and minimal
      or no elevation predicted poor outcome at 3, 6, and 12 months. Possible reasons
      for these somewhat surprising results are discussed.

PMID- 3403729
TI  - The Early Neuropsychologic Optimality Rating Scale (ENORS-9): a new developmental
      follow-up technique.
AB  - The development and application of the Early Neuropsychologic Optimality Rating
      Scale (ENORS-9) is described. This 24-item technique, scored in an
      optimal/nonoptimal fashion, enables assessment of posture, tone, and movement, as
      well as developmental delays. The ENORS-9 was compared with the Bayley Mental and
      Psychomotor Developmental indexes and a neurologic examination administered at 9
      months, in terms of sensitivity and specificity of cognitive, motor, and
      neurologic outcome at 36 months. Using an ENORS-9 cut-off score of 85% for
      cognitive and motor, and 75% for neurologic outcome, sensitivity values were more
      than three times greater than more traditional assessment techniques. This
      instrument meets many needs in developmental follow-up because of straightforward
      scoring, decreased personnel requirements and cost, and flexibility in regard to
      missing data and cut-off scores. The implications of these findings are
      discussed.

PMID- 3403730
TI  - Chronic childhood illness and maternal mental health.
AB  - The relationship between the health status of a child and the psychiatric
      symptoms of a mother is examined for an inner-city sample (n = 209) of
      chronically ill children with heterogeneous physical diagnoses. Whereas no
      relationship exists between the mother's psychiatric symptoms and a medical
      provider's report of the burden that the child's condition entails, there is a
      relationship between the functional status of the child and the mental health
      status of the mother. Children with more functional limitations have mothers who
      are more symptomatic. The presence of other stressors in the family, familial
      impact of the illness, poor physical health of the mother, and the absence of a
      confidant for the women are also associated with the mother's psychiatric
      symptoms in a multivariate analysis that includes traditional predictors of
      women's mental health. In contrast with the results from more general population
      studies, a greater number of children may be protective for a mother of a child
      with a chronic illness.

PMID- 3403731
TI  - The incidence of bacteremia in skin surgery of the head and neck.
AB  - The normal microflora of skin vary significantly between sebaceous rich, wet, and
      dry areas. This would be expected to influence the likelihood of developing
      transient bacteremia while undergoing skin surgery on these different areas,
      thereby affecting the risk of infective endocarditis from such procedures. We
      evaluated the incidence of transient bacteremia in 45 patients undergoing skin
      surgery on the sebaceous rich areas of the head and neck. After surveillance skin
      cultures, aerobic and anaerobic blood culture samples were taken at 0, 1, 5, and
      15 minutes after the start of the procedure. All baseline blood culture results
      were negative. Three of the 45 patients developed transient bacteremia within the
      first 15 minutes after the start of the procedures. Samples from two patients
      grew pure cultures of Propionibacterium acnes and that from one patient grew a
      pure culture of Staphylococcus hominis, yielding a 7% incidence of bacteremia in
      the 45 patients studied. These data support the use of perioperative prophylactic
      antibiotics for surgery involving clinically uninfected skin of the head and neck
      only in patients with prosthetic heart valves. This is in keeping with the
      current recommendations of the American Heart Association against the need for
      antibiotic prophylaxis for nonprosthetic valve endocarditis in patients
      undergoing cutaneous surgery on clinically uninfected skin.

PMID- 3403732
TI  - Progressive symmetric erythrokeratodermia.

PMID- 3403733
TI  - Histopathology of erythema nodosum in patients with coexisting lupus
      erythematosus.

PMID- 3403734
TI  - Digital exostosis causing enlargement of the fingertip.

PMID- 3403735
TI  - Transmucosal elimination of sialomucin in a ruptured mucous cyst of the lip.

PMID- 3403736
TI  - Adult-onset urticaria pigmentosa and eruptive syringomas.

PMID- 3403737
TI  - Ethics and lasers.

PMID- 3403738
TI  - Grover's disease provoked by ionizing radiation.

PMID- 3403739
TI  - Effective treatment of Netherton's syndrome with 12% lactate lotion.

PMID- 3403740
TI  - Water temperature effect in bath-PUVA treatment.

PMID- 3403741
TI  - Epidermoid cyst of the thumb presenting as pincer nail.

PMID- 3403742
TI  - Progression of pigmented purpura-like eruptions to mycosis fungoides: report of
      three cases.
AB  - The cases of three relatively young male patients with pigmented purpura-like
      eruptions evolving to mycosis fungoides are described. Initially, the eruptions,
      both clinically and histologically, very closely resembled pigmented purpuric
      dermatitis. After a follow-up period averaging 8.4 years, diagnostic histologic
      changes of mycosis fungoides were observed. Although uncommon, mycosis fungoides
      should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pigmented purpuric
      eruptions.

PMID- 3403743
TI  - Skin type, hair color, and freckles are predictors of decreased minimal erythema
      ultraviolet radiation dose.
AB  - In a group of 190 white healthy subjects the skin type classification method was
      found valuable for differentiating subgroups with various degrees of sun
      sensitivity (except for 33% with borderline or unclassifiable skin type). Sun
      sensitive skin types I and II were significantly more common among persons with
      light hair color or freckles, or both (p less than 0.001). In each skin type
      category the proportion of subjects with a minimal erythema dose (MED) lower than
      the median MED of the entire group (%LMED) decreased significantly with
      increasing skin type number, and distinguished between skin types I through III
      better than did their mean MED values. Independent predictors of %LMED were skin
      type and hair color. The contribution of freckles to %LMED was skin type
      dependent. Age, sex, or eye color had no independent effect on %LMED. The
      association of skin types I and II, red or blond hair, and freckles with
      decreased MED may reflect genetically controlled predominance of pheomelanin (a
      photosensitizing molecule) in the skin of subjects with these phenotypes.

PMID- 3403744
TI  - Bowen's disease and internal malignancy. A matched case-control study.
AB  - Bowen's disease has been reported as a skin marker for internal malignancy. We
      conducted a matched case-control study to evaluate the significance of this link.
      Fifty white men with Bowen's disease diagnosed between 1977 and 1986 at a
      Veterans Administration Hospital were selected for study. These patients were
      matched by age, sex, race, and date of skin biopsy to 50 patients with basal cell
      carcinoma (control group 1) and another 50 patients with other dermatoses
      (control group 2). The original 50 patients with Bowen's disease include 12 (24%)
      with various internal malignancies. In comparison, nine patients (18%) in control
      group 1 and seven patients (14%) in control group 2 had internal malignancies.
      These numbers do not substantiate a statistically significant increase in the
      frequency of internal malignancies in Bowen's disease. We therefore conclude that
      Bowen's disease is not a skin marker for internal malignancy in elderly white
      men.

PMID- 3403745
TI  - Persistence of an allergen in hair after glyceryl monothioglycolate-containing
      permanent wave solutions.
AB  - Glyceryl monothioglycolate, a reducing agent used in permanent waving solutions,
      is a recognized cause of allergic contact dermatitis. Because of an unexplained
      persistence of dermatitis in beauty shop clients after exposure to permanent wave
      solutions containing glyceryl monothioglycolate, we looked for the presence of
      this or a cross-reacting substance in permanent-waved hair as a possible source
      of continued exposure to the allergen. Seventeen subjects sensitive to glyceryl
      monothioglycolate underwent patch testing with hair samples collected before and
      at various times after a permanent wave containing glyceryl monothioglycolate.
      None reacted to hair that had not received a permanent, while 7 of 17 showed
      positive reactions to the permanent-waved hair. Positive reactions were seen in
      hair collected as long as 3 months after the permanent. This suggests that a
      glyceryl monothioglycolate-related allergen is retained in hair for up to 3
      months after the permanent, which may explain the long-lasting dermatitis that
      occurs in clients sensitive to glyceryl monothioglycolate.

PMID- 3403746
TI  - The duration of local control of classic (non-AIDS-associated) Kaposi's sarcoma
      by radiotherapy.
AB  - We report the short- and long-term responses to radiotherapy of 82 classic
      Kaposi's sarcomas. Doses were prescribed ab initio and no attempt was made to
      discontinue treatment as soon as shrinkage was observed, as has been recommended
      by others. More than 50% of the lesions regressed completely and nearly all
      underwent some regression. Almost all recurrences were detected within 2 years of
      treatment and virtually all occurred in lesions that had not regressed completely
      within 2 weeks of radiotherapy. We conclude that classic Kaposi's sarcoma should
      be treated with sufficient radiotherapy from the beginning to provide long-term
      control.

PMID- 3403747
TI  - Cutaneous melanomas in patients treated with psoralens plus ultraviolet A. A case
      report and the experience of the PUVA Follow-up Study.
AB  - Psoralens plus ultraviolet A (PUVA) therapy is widely used in the treatment of
      psoriasis and other cutaneous conditions. We present the case of a patient who
      developed a superficial spreading melanoma 3 years after first being treated with
      PUVA. The development of melanomas in patients receiving PUVA is reviewed. During
      13,224 person-years of prospective follow-up of 1380 patients enrolled in the
      PUVA follow-up study, three melanomas were diagnosed, which does not differ
      significantly from the expected rate (relative risk = 1.5 with 90% confidence
      interval 0.3 to 7.3). However, considering the effects of PUVA on melanocytes and
      that the development of melanomas may have a long latent period, continued follow
      up studies are indicated.

PMID- 3403748
TI  - African American adolescents: adaptational processes and socioeconomic diversity
      in behavioural outcomes.
AB  - The study was concerned with determining the relationship of economic diversity
      to stress reactivity. Parental ratings of competence and behavioural problems
      were obtained for very young adolescents following a long-term and highly acute
      stress: the Atlanta youth murders. Intellectual and identity-formation data
      obtained both before and after the crisis were analyzed with the parental ratings
      of youth competence and behavioural problems. Consistent socioeconomic status
      (SES) links between the manifestation of behavioural problems and the display of
      competencies were obtained; lower income (LI) youths manifested more problems and
      fewer competencies. The findings were more pronounced for LI males. Personal
      identity was a significant predictor of school competence. School self-esteem was
      a predictor of academic performance. The manifestation of behavioural problems
      was significantly predicted by cognitive performance variables. The findings are
      discussed in terms of variations in adaptational strategies mediated by
      socioeconomic status and psychological factors.

PMID- 3403749
TI  - Cultural and cognitive considerations in the prevention of American Indian
      adolescent suicide.
AB  - A description of cultural considerations associated with American Indian
      adolescent coping is presented within a transactional, cognitive-phenomenological
      framework. Select cultural values and cultural beliefs of American Indians
      associated with death are discussed in terms of person variables and situational
      demand characteristics that interplay in the transactional coping process. Three
      situational demand characteristics (ambiguity of identity, frequency of loss, and
      pervasiveness of hardships) are then presented to illustrate the reciprocal
      relationship between environmental contingencies and American Indian individual
      and community efforts at coping. The dynamic interdependence between person and
      environmental variables is emphasized and considered essential for inclusion in
      the design of interventions to prevent suicide. Existing intervention efforts
      with American Indian adolescent suicide attempters are reviewed and a school-wide
      cognitive behavioural approach based on the transactional model of coping with
      suicide is described. It is suggested that on-going cognitive restructuring,
      social skills training, and peer counselling training activities be culturally
      adapted and integrated into relevant areas of the school curricula in order that
      coping be enhanced and suicide ameliorated.

PMID- 3403750
TI  - Folk hero modeling therapy for Puerto Rican adolescents.
AB  - Puerto Ricans are concentrated in the Northeastern United States in predominantly
      low socioeconomic status, urban Hispanic communities. Due to a constellation of
      stressors associated with their minority status, bilingualism and bicultural
      conflicts, Puerto Rican adolescents are at high risk of mental disorder. Research
      has shown that factors such as migration experiences, low socioeconomic status,
      and Hispanic values conflicting with Anglo culture (e.g., familism,
      spiritualistic and folk beliefs, orientation to time) are associated with higher
      rates of psychiatric symptomatology in the Hispanic population. Community mental
      health resources are under utilized, and traditional therapy modalities have had
      limited success in remedying the emotional and behavioural problems of Hispanics.
      This paper reviews several approaches to the delivery of culturally sensitive
      mental health services to Hispanic populations and describes the development of a
      new modality for Puerto Rican adolescents. The modality presents Puerto Rican
      folk heroes and heroines in a modelling therapy targeted towards enhancing
      adolescents' pride in their ethnic heritage, self-esteem, and adaptive coping
      with stress. The therapy was implemented on a small-group basis with 21 Puerto
      Rican adolescents, some of whom participated with their mothers. A clinical
      evaluation of the therapy was conducted by summarizing therapists' progress
      reports on each participant and by interviewing the participants about their
      impressions of the therapy experience. Progress reports and participants' self
      reports indicated that the adolescents increased in self-disclosure and self
      confidence; they gained pride in being Puerto Rican; they learned adaptive
      mechanisms for coping with stress; and they enjoyed learning about famous Puerto
      Ricans and their culture.

PMID- 3403751
TI  - Cultural factors in working with Southeast Asian refugee adolescents.
AB  - The purpose of this paper is to present some of the unique socio-political
      cultural factors that impact upon the psychological development of Southeast
      Asian refugee adolescents. As a special group of youngsters, they are confronted
      with the developmental crisis as adolescents, adjustment problems as refugees,
      and intercultural conflicts caused by the immense value differences between
      Eastern and Western cultures. In working with this population, clinicians are
      urged to take into account the special stressors resulting from the refugee and
      cultural experiences. Three areas of assessment are recommended: (1) assessment
      of major stresses (migration stress, acculturation stress, life cycle stress, and
      family stress); (2) assessment of strengths; and (3) assessment of culturally
      specific responses to mental health problems. Different treatment modalities are
      also discussed. It is hoped that the practical suggestions presented in this
      paper can lead to more culturally relevant care for this group of youths.

PMID- 3403752
TI  - Stability of vitamins A and C in fortified yogurt.
AB  - Plain and raspberry flavored low fat yogurt samples were fortified with various
      commercial forms of vitamins A and C under actual production conditions.
      Immediately after processing, yogurt samples were kept at 3 degrees C for 6 wk
      and were analyzed biweekly for pH, titratable acidity, and vitamins A and C. Data
      revealed that both vitamins decreased gradually in fortified yogurt with vitamin
      C decreasing at a higher rate than vitamin A. However, a fortification level of
      10,000 IU of vitamin A and 300 mg of vitamin C per 227 g container of plain or
      flavored yogurt provided at least 100% of the US recommended daily allowance of
      both vitamins after 6 wk storage at 3 degrees C. This level of fortification did
      not significantly change pH, titratable acidity, or sensory characteristics of
      yogurt samples.

PMID- 3403753
TI  - Substratum modulation of epidermal growth factor receptor expression by normal
      mouse mammary cells.
AB  - Normal mouse mammary cells synthesize the basement membrane scaffold on which the
      cells rest in vivo. This extracellular matrix material serves important functions
      in the growth and differentiation of the mammary epithelium. Components of the
      basement membrane negatively regulate basement membrane collagen biosynthesis in
      response to epidermal growth factor stimulation. This effect is shown to
      correlate with changes in growth factor receptor regeneration following ligand
      induced receptor down-regulation. The results suggest that while control of
      basement membrane synthesis may be manifest in part by the availability of growth
      factors, the environment in which the mammary cell finds itself is also very
      important.

PMID- 3403754
TI  - Effects of administration of bovine somatotropin on milk yield and composition.
AB  - Thirty-two Holstein cows were assigned to four treatment groups in a continuous
      lactation trial to evaluate effects of daily subcutaneous injections of 0 (A),
      5.15 (B), 10.3 (C), and 20.6 mg (D) of recombinantly derived bovine somatotropin
      monomer. Responses were milk yield and composition, component yields, net energy
      intake, body weight, and somatic cell counts. Treatments began in fall, 28 to 35
      d postpartum, and continued for 266 d. Base ration was corn silage and
      concentrate. Least squares means of milk and constituent yields and gross
      efficiency of milk production differed among treatments, but percentage fat and
      protein, energy intake, body weights, and somatic cell counts did not. Least
      squares means of 3.5% FCM were 21.3 (A), 25.0 (B), 26.2 (C), and 28.5 kg/d (D);
      fat and protein yields showed similar response to treatment. Milk yields adjusted
      for pretreatment yields were 21.1 (A), 25.5 (B), 26.5 (C), and 29.3 kg/d (D).
      Orthogonal contrasts showed lower milk and constituent yields and net energy
      intake for control (A) than for hormone-injected cows (B, C, D), but no
      differences were detected between treatments B, C, and D. Gross efficiency of
      production (3.5% FCM/feed net energy intake) was greater for hormone-injected
      cows.

PMID- 3403755
TI  - Effects of a new multielement buffer on production, ruminal environment, and
      blood minerals of lactating dairy cows.
AB  - Twelve multiparous Holstein cows were used to evaluate the capacity of a
      multielement compound consisting mainly of northupite and sylvite to alleviate
      low milk fat percent. Possible mechanisms of action were assessed. Cows were
      arranged in a 4 X 4 Latin square design replicated three times. Basal diet was
      55% concentrate:45% forage fed ad libitum. Dietary treatments were control,
      NaHCO3 at 1% of diet DM, and multielement buffer at 1 and 3% of diet DM. Feed
      intake and milk production were similar for all treatments. Milk fat percentages
      for the four treatments were 2.97, 3.21, 3.43, and 3.67%, respectively. A shift
      toward a higher molar percent of ruminal acetate and a lower molar percent of
      valerate appeared to coincide with changes in milk fat percentage. Milk protein
      percentage also was increased by supplemental multielement buffer. Ruminal fluid
      acidity was reduced by NaHCO3 and multielement buffer. Extent of in situ
      digestion of forage DM and cellulose was improved when cows consumed a buffering
      agent. Rate of corn silage digestion tended toward improvement. As mineral buffer
      was consumed, concentrations of Mg and K increased in ruminal fluid and blood. As
      dietary Na intake increased, ruminal and plasma Cl concentrations were depressed
      and plasma S and Ca were elevated.

PMID- 3403756
TI  - Characterization and identification of streptococci isolated from bovine mammary
      glands.
AB  - A total of 317 gram-positive, catalase-negative cocci isolated from bovine
      mammary glands were characterized and identified using current species
      descriptions. Two hundred eighty-seven isolates (90.5%) could be placed in 11
      distinct species. Streptococcus uberis was the most frequently encountered
      species and could be separated into two previously described genetic types based
      upon sucrose utilization. Streptococcus dysgalactiae and a newly described
      species, Streptococcus saccharolyticus, were the most frequently isolated
      organisms from teat canal swabs. Thirty isolates could not be placed in currently
      described species. A proposed identification scheme based upon serological
      grouping and seven biochemical tests would permit 24 h identification of
      streptococci isolated from bovine mammary glands.

PMID- 3403758
TI  - Method for continuous measurement of blood metabolite hepatic balance in
      conscious preruminant calves.
AB  - A method of continuous in vivo flow measurement of plasma metabolites through the
      liver in calves was described. Five 2-wk old male calves were fitted with chronic
      catheters in the hepatic and portal veins and in the hepatic artery and with
      electromagnetic blood flow probes in the portal vein and in the hepatic artery.
      The reliability of measurements was tested during a 3-wk period in which calves
      were fed milk diets that curdled or did not curdle (uncurdled) in the abomasum.
      In comparison with a conventional curdled milk diet, the intake of uncurdled milk
      diet did not modify mean portal vein (47 to 49 ml.mn-1.kg live weight-1) or
      hepatic arterial (5.6 to 5.7 ml.mn-1.kg live weight-1) blood flows but did
      influence nycthemeral variations in portal blood flow rates, especially during
      the second part of the night.

PMID- 3403757
TI  - Phagocytic and nitroblue tetrazolium reductive properties of bovine neutrophils
      for mammary pathogens.
AB  - A comparative evaluation of in vitro phagocytic and metabolic activities of
      freshly isolated bovine blood neutrophils from 26 cows was performed. Degrees of
      phagocytosis and nitroblue tetrazolium reduction by neutrophils were measured
      using zymosan, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae,
      Mycoplasma bovis, Salmonella sp., and Brucella abortus opsonized with fresh
      bovine serum. Percent phagocytosis and nitroblue tetrazolium reduction by the
      neutrophils were determined by microscopic evaluation of stained coverslip
      smears. Individual variation among cows was found in parameters measured, but age
      was not a contributing factor. Phagocytosis was high (73 to 81%) for E. coli,
      Salmonella sp., Strep. agalactiae, and zymosan; intermediate (64%) for Staph.
      aureus; and low (24 to 40%) for M. bovis and B. abortus. Nitroblue tetrazolium
      reduction was distinctly lower than zymosan (74%) for all microorganisms. Similar
      percentages (32 to 41%) of nitroblue tetrazolium reduction were observed for E.
      coli, Staph. aureus, Strep. agalactiae, and M. bovis; intermediate (28%) was
      obtained for Salmonella sp. and lowest (11%) for B. abortus.

PMID- 3403759
TI  - Semen quality characteristics of dairy goats.
AB  - Semen was collected, processed, and frozen from five dairy bucks for 2 successive
      yr for use in quality classification and evaluation for inclusion in artificial
      insemination programs. Semen was evaluated for volume, initial, postthaw and 37
      degrees C incubated percent progressive motility, percent postthaw 3-h 37 degrees
      C incubated intact acrosomes, autoagglutination, whey-induced agglutination, and
      percent primary, secondary, and tertiary abnormalities. Significant high
      correlations were found between: percent progressive motility and percent intact
      acrosomes, percent intact acrosomes and percent autoagglutination, and percent
      autoagglutination and percent whey agglutination. Means of the postthaw quality
      parameters, percent progressive motility, percent intact acrosomes, and percent
      primary and secondary abnormalities were used to categorize ejaculates within
      each incubation time (0 and 2 h). At 0 h, 25 ejaculates were classified as high
      quality and 11 were low quality. Using 2-h data, 19 ejaculates were classified as
      high quality and 17 as low. Inclusion of both agglutination parameters in the 2-h
      data analysis resulted in 13 ejaculates categorized as high and 23 as low
      quality. Based on assessment with techniques used in bovine artificial
      insemination programs, semen quality of goat semen could be used to discriminate
      between acceptable or unacceptable ejaculates. Based on recommended sperm numbers
      per inseminate and average ejaculate characteristics the low number of marketable
      units per ejaculate would make incorporation of goats into existing artificial
      insemination programs prohibitive.

PMID- 3403760
TI  - Comparison of different methods of expressing dietary protein for lactating dairy
      cows.
AB  - Data were from Holstein cows from 20 experiments at the University of Florida
      (1688 cow-period observations). Objectives were to compare milk responses to
      increasing dietary percent or daily intake of CP, estimated undegradable CP, and
      estimated metabolizable protein from Burroughs and Chalupa equations and to
      determine if higher producing cows (26.8 kg milk/d) responded differently to
      increasing dietary protein percent or intake than do lower producing cows (18.9
      kg milk/d). The mathematical model included experiment, cow-within-experiment,
      period, body weight, and source of roughage. Intake of protein (kg/d) had a
      greater effect (cubic polynomial) on milk yield than protein percent of DM since
      CP, undegraded protein, Chalupa metabolizable protein, and Burroughs
      metabolizable protein intakes explained 17.2, 20.9, 23.5, and 24.1% of residual
      variation in milk yield compared with .6, 2.1, 1.7, and 2.1%, for percents of DM.
      High producing cows responded more to increasing protein intake than did low
      producing cows. Respective protein intake variables explained 20.6, 23.7, 30.5,
      and 31.2% of residual variation in milk yield in high production group compared
      with 17.2, 23.1, 20.6, and 20.6% in low production group.

PMID- 3403761
TI  - Inbreeding of and relationship among registered Holsteins.
AB  - Holstein-Friesian Herdbooks (Holstein-Friesian Association of America,
      Brattleboro, VT) were used to draw random samples of 600 registered females born
      during each of the yr 1970, 1976, and 1982. A two-line pedigree, one random line
      of ancestry tracing from the sire and another tracing from the dam to the
      beginning of the Holstein-Friesian Herdbook, was tabulated for each of these 1800
      females. These were used to estimate inbreeding and inter se relationship for the
      Holstein breed. Estimates of inbreeding were 4.7, 3.8, and 4.3% for 1970, 1976,
      and 1982. These estimates were not different from one another or from 1928 and
      1931 estimates. Estimates of inter se relationship were 5.2, 7.3, and 9.8% for
      1970, 1976, and 1982. These estimates were different from one another and from an
      estimate of 3.4% for 1931. The increase in inter se relationship without
      corresponding increase in inbreeding indicates that a change in mating strategies
      has evolved over time. The majority of breeders now apparently mate animals that
      are less related than if mating was random, whereas in the past there was more of
      a tendency to mate within the same line. Despite these attempts to avoid
      inbreeding, it may be only a matter of time until increasing inter se
      relationship causes an increase in inbreeding. Because of detrimental effects
      associated with inbreeding, it is important that the Holstein breed be monitored
      on a regular basis for these parameters. Ancestors that occurred most frequently
      in the 1982 sample were identified and their direct relationships to the breed
      tabulated for the years studied.

PMID- 3403762
TI  - Survival of coliform bacteria in static compost piles of dairy waste solids
      intended for freestall bedding.
AB  - Dairy waste solids separated from a slurry by a centrifugal separator were
      composted in 12 static piles. Seven of the compost piles were naturally aerated,
      and five were aerated by a fan that forced air through the piles of solids. The
      natural aeration process aged the manure solids in an unconfined pile. The fan in
      the forced aeration process forced air into a perforated plenum beneath the
      compost piles. Dairy waste solids in each compost pile were heated into the
      thermophilic temperature range and generally composted well. At most sampling
      points, coliform bacteria declined to low or undetectable numbers early in the
      composting period. However, as the composting process proceeded, bacterial
      numbers increased to approximately those present in raw dairy waste solids.
      Findings of this study suggest that composting offers little benefit toward net
      reduction in coliform bacterial numbers in dairy waste solids.

PMID- 3403764
TI  - Proceedings of World Congress III on Cancers of the Skin. March 7-9, 1988,
      Houston, Texas.

PMID- 3403763
TI  - On-farm milk progesterone tests.
AB  - Results from milk progesterone assays can provide ovarian information, making it
      possible to monitor the reproductive status of the cow. Rapid, simple, and
      accurate on-farm milk progesterone tests are commercially available. Procedures
      for performing milk progesterone tests are specific for each test; however,
      principles of testing are similar. On-farm tests are designed to determine the
      relative progesterone concentration ("high" or "low") rather than obtaining a
      precise concentration. Evaluation of results is based on either a color or
      agglutination reaction with comparison to known standards. Potential uses of
      progesterone testing in a reproductive management program are: 1) identifying
      errors in detection of estrus, 2) predicting time of estrus, 3) assisting in
      pregnancy diagnosis, 4) differentiating types of ovarian cysts, and 5) evaluating
      response to endocrine therapy.

PMID- 3403765
TI  - Comparative toxicities of seven insecticides to house flies (Diptera: Muscidae)
      and Urolepis rufipes (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae).

PMID- 3403766
TI  - Impact of red imported fire ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) predation on horn flies
      (Diptera: Muscidae) in a cattle pasture treated with pro-drone.

PMID- 3403767
TI  - Welcome the new era of oximetry.

PMID- 3403768
TI  - High frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) has no better haemodynamic tolerance than
      controlled mechanical ventilation (CMV) in cardiogenic shock.
AB  - Six patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) complicated by cardiogenic
      shock were studied in order to compare the haemodynamic tolerance of controlled
      mechanical ventilation (CMV) and high frequency jet ventilation (HFJV). The
      comparative analysis of the two techniques was performed with the same levels of
      PaO2 (CMV: 101 +/- 13 mmHg; HFJV: 104.2 +/- 14 p = ns); and PaCO2 (CMV: 37 +/-
      1.7; HFJV: 35.7 +/- 1.4 p = ns). In this situation the values of mean airway
      pressure (Paw) did not differ significantly (CMV: 13 +/- 3 cm H2O; HFJV: 12.6 +/-
      3.8 cm H2O) and no statistically significant difference in haemodynamic values
      was observed. These results demonstrate that in patients with cardiogenic shock,
      there is no difference between HFJV and CMV in terms of haemodynamic tolerance.
      Because of the more difficult clinical management of HFJV, this technique does
      not seem indicated as ventilatory support in patients with cardiogenic shock
      states.

PMID- 3403769
TI  - Central mixed and splanchnic venous oxygen saturation monitoring.
AB  - Central mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO2) monitoring in critically ill
      patients to estimate adequacy of peripheral perfusion is gaining increasing
      popularity. However, a number of unexpected responses, one of which is marked
      depression of regional (splanchnic) venous oxygen saturation which may coexist
      with normal or high SvO2, makes interpretation of this parameter difficult. The
      SvO2 and hepatic venous oxygen saturation levels in seven injured (postoperative)
      and 15 septic patients were measured. No substantial differences between central
      and hepatic venous oxygen saturation was noted in nonseptic patients, however,
      septic subjects exhibited a normal SvO2 of 70.5% +/- 8.7% at a time when the
      hepatic venous saturation was 55.6% +/- 14.4% which is a significant (p less than
      0.05) reduction. This reduced oxygen saturation was noted to arise from an
      increased regional metabolic rate rather than reduced perfusion. Nevertheless, we
      conclude that a flow limited regional oxygen consumption may potentially exist
      despite the presence of a normal SvO2 in certain patient subgroups such as septic
      subjects. Therefore, a normal SvO2 should not be considered as sole criteria to
      insure optimal oxygen delivery in critically ill patients.

PMID- 3403771
TI  - Prognosis of acute polyneuritis requiring artificial ventilation.
AB  - We compared two selected groups of patients with acute Guillain-Barre syndrome
      requiring artificial ventilation. Both groups were treated with conventional
      therapy, group A (n = 35) between 1970 and 1978, group B (n = 21) between 1979
      and 1983. Neither plasmapheresis nor any other immunosuppressive treatment was
      applied. Significant differences were found favouring group B: There was a
      decline of mortality from about 60% to less than 10% (p less than 0.001) and a
      smaller number of severe complications due to improvement of supportive care.

PMID- 3403770
TI  - Effect of a 2 g cimetidine infusion on twenty-four-hour intragastric pH in
      critically ill patients.
AB  - We evaluated the effect of a cimetidine continuous infusion (2 g in 24 h) on the
      intragastric pH of 16 critically ill patients (11 men, 5 women, mean age 45
      years). During the 24 h pre-trial period and the subsequent 24 h cimetidine
      infusion, an intragastric combined electrode was placed in the fundus and the pH
      recorded with a portable pH module and data collection unit. In each patient, the
      cimetidine infusion induced a prolonged rise of intragastric pH. For all patients
      the mean percentage of readings above pH 4.0 was 11% pre-trial and 75% during the
      cimetidine 24 h infusion (p less than 0.001). The percentages of readings above
      5.0, 6.0, 7.0 were also significantly higher during infusion than pre-trial in
      the 16 patients. After starting the cimetidine infusion, there was a concomitant
      rise of median plasma cimetidine and median intragastric pH in the 7 patients
      studied. After 6 h, median plasma cimetidine remained above 1 mcg/ml. These
      results and recent data from the literature suggest that in critically ill
      patients a continuous infusion of cimetidine might prevent stress ulcerations
      better than bolus injections by maintaining intragastric pH above 4.0 during
      longer time intervals.

PMID- 3403772
TI  - Evaluation of cardiac function by echo-Doppler studies in critically ill
      patients.
AB  - Measurements of stroke volume (SV) by echo-Doppler techniques (2D
      echocardiography, continuous and pulsed Doppler) were compared to those obtained
      by thermodilution in 116 critically ill patients. The best correlation was
      obtained with pulsed Doppler positioned in the left ventricular (LV) outflow (r =
      0.78, p less than 0.001). In a subgroup of 12 patients who had LV ejection
      fraction less than 60% and LV end-diastolic pressure greater than 15 mmHg, we
      also measured the peak aortic blood velocity (PABV) and acceleration (PABA) by
      continuous and pulsed Doppler as indexes of myocardial contractility before
      coronary artery bypass graft. When compared to healthy volunteers, these patients
      had decreased PABV and PABA, measured by continuous Doppler (91 +/- 16 vs 79 +/-
      9 cm/s, p less than 0.05 and 913 +/- 202 vs 660 +/- 149 cm/s/s, p less than 0.05,
      respectively). These data therefore indicate that in critically ill patients
      pulsed Doppler placed in the LV outflow is an adequate echo-Doppler technique to
      measure SV, while continuous Doppler placed in the suprasternal notch can be used
      to assess LV performance.

PMID- 3403773
TI  - Acute acalculous cholecystitis in acute renal failure.
AB  - Acute acalculous cholecystitis developed in 16 of 92 patients with acute renal
      failure who had no prior or coincidental biliary tract disease. The cause of this
      complication is considered to be multifactorial. Risk factors include sepsis,
      previous surgery, trauma, total parential nutrition, intermittent positive
      pressure ventilation, opiate sedation, multiple transfusions and hypotension. One
      patient had 5 risk factors, 15 had 6 or more. Diagnosis was based on clinical
      suspicion, serial ultrasound scanning and serial estimations of white cell count,
      liver function and C-reactive protein. Four patients were treated conservatively
      with antibiotics and ultrasound observation, 10 underwent cholecystotomy and 2
      patients had cholecystectomy. Eleven patients survived (69% survival). No patient
      treated by cholecystotomy required further surgery to the biliary tract. Acute
      acalculous cholecystitis has become a significant complication in our "high risk"
      acute renal failure population as intensive care has advanced and patients are
      surviving longer. Prompt and appropriate treatment will prevent it contributing
      significantly to the already high mortality of acute renal failure. Anticipation
      is the watchword.

PMID- 3403775
TI  - Serial recordings of auditory brainstem responses in severe head injury:
      relationship between test timing and prognostic power.
AB  - ABRs have proved to be very accurate prognostic indicators in severe head injury,
      even when predictions are based on single ABR recordings. In this study we
      submitted 30 severely head-injured patients to serial ABR recordings (during the
      clinical course of posttraumatic coma) in order to verify whether the ABR
      prognostic power may depend on test timing in relation to the injury. 15 patients
      (50%) died, 5 (16.7%) remained vegetative, 2 (6.6%) severely disabled and 8
      (26.7%) recovered. All recovered patients had normal ABR throughout clinical
      course, while severely disabled and vegetative patients showed at least
      transently ABR abnormalities (namely, an interpeak latency of waves V-I greater
      than 4.48 ms). Among dead patients, 8 showed steady and 3 transient ABR
      abnormalities during the clinical course, while 2 of 3 patients with normal ABR
      dead from extracranial complications. ABRs were significantly related to the
      outcome at any time, but gave more accurate prognostic indications on days 3-6
      after the injury. The use of serial ABR recordings appeared to improve the
      outcome predictions in comparison with single ABR tests. Finally our result
      confirm the previously reported existance of a breakpoint between reversible
      brainstem dysfunction and irreversible brainstem damage defined by an IPL V-I of
      about 4.50 ms.

PMID- 3403774
TI  - Variables affecting outcome from severe brain injury in children.
AB  - This study evaluates the outcome of 56 severely brain injured children (mean age
      6.2 +/- 2.1 years) and relates the Initial Glasgow Coma Scale (IGCS), initial
      intracranial pressure (ICP int), maximal intracranial pressure (ICP max) and
      minimal cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP min) to quality of survival. Forty-one
      children sustained head trauma, five severe central nervous system infections and
      10 were of miscellaneous etiology. Therapy consisted of mechanical
      hyperventilation, moderate fluid restriction, dexamethasone and diagnosis
      specific measures when indicated. Outcome was categorized according to the
      Glasgow outcome scale at discharge from the hospital. An IGCS of 3 was associated
      with 100% mortality, 7 and above resulted in 72% good recovery, 28% poor outcome
      and no mortality. ICP int of less than 20 torr was noted in (67%) of the
      patients, and did not correlate with ICP max or outcome. Conversely, ICP int in
      excess of 40 torr correlated well with ICP max and outcome. ICP max of less than
      20 torr resulted in 57% good recovery, 36% poor outcome and 7% mortality. ICP max
      greater than 40 torr resulted in 7% poor outcome and 93% mortality (p less than
      0.001). In head trauma, 32 patients (78%) were alive with mean ICP max 16.9 +/-
      3.1 and CPP min 65.5 +/- 8.5 torr compared to 9 patients (22%) who died with mean
      ICP max 53.7 +/- 10.8 and CPP min 6 +/- 3.9 torr, (p less than 0.01). In children
      with infectious etiology 60% survived with mean ICP max 16 +/- 3 and CPP min 96
      +/- 16 torr.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3403776
TI  - Myocardiotoxicity of 5 fluorouracil.
AB  - We report a case of specific myocardiotoxicity due to 5 F.U. not previously
      described in man. A 41-year-old man was admitted to the ICU for heart and renal
      failure, appearing 24 h after 5 days treatment with 5 F.U. and cis-platinum.
      Dopamine was necessary to maintain blood pressure. Two-D echocardiography and a
      right heart catheterisation confirmed the alteration of myocardial contractility.
      After 2 weeks a complete cardiac recovery occurred.

PMID- 3403777
TI  - Hemoperfusion in acute camphor poisoning.
AB  - After ingestion of an unknown dose of a 10% camphor spirit (maximum dose 200 ml),
      a 54-year-old female was found in coma, having developed grand-mal-like seizures
      and respiratory failure. For detoxification, gastric lavage and hemoperfusion
      with amberlite XAD4 were performed. During hemoperfusion, seizures ceased, but no
      marked influence on the clinical course of the intoxication--especially on grade
      of coma--was observed. For further evaluation of the efficacy of treatment,
      camphor plasma elimination kinetics during hemoperfusion were compared to plasma
      elimination kinetics determined in a volunteer after an oral dose of 200 mg of
      camphor. Although the plasma compartment was almost completely (89%-95%) cleared
      of camphor by hemoperfusion, only a total of 35 mg of camphor was removed due to
      its high apparent volume of distribution (estimated 2-4 l/kg). The plasma
      elimination half-life was not affected by hemoperfusion, which may be explained
      by the saturation of metabolizing enzymes, still incomplete absorption, or
      metabolic interference of isopropanol. In the case presented here, neither the
      clinical course of the intoxication nor plasma level data gave evidence for a
      pronounced beneficial effect of hemoperfusion.

PMID- 3403778
TI  - Pseudomonas aeruginosa sepsis presenting as peripheral subcutaneous nodules.
      Report of 2 cases.
AB  - Two patients developed disseminated subcutaneous nodules with febrile illness. In
      both cases, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated from the lesions; blood cultures
      yielded the same organism in one case, and were negative in the other. The portal
      of entry was thought to be a jugular hemodalysis catheter in the first case and a
      necrotic zoster complicating lymphoma in the second case. Both patients'
      condition improved with antibiotic therapy and the Pseudomonas nodules resolved
      without surgical drainage.

PMID- 3403779
TI  - Meprobamate poisoning, hypotension and the Swan-Ganz catheter.
AB  - A case is described in which voluntary ingestion of 72 g meprobamate (mpb) was
      complicated by shock ascribed to cardiac failure and vasodilation, documented by
      hemodynamic monitoring. Forced diuresis and cardiac inotropic support were added
      to the therapy. We recommend Swan-Ganz monitoring in any case of mpb overdosage
      associated with hypotension and suggest that forced diuresis is not
      contraindicated if appropriate assessment of the patient's hemodynamic condition
      is performed.

PMID- 3403780
TI  - Paracetamol-associated coma, metabolic acidosis, renal and hepatic failure.
AB  - A case of metabolic acidosis, acute renal failure and hepatic failure following
      paracetamol ingestion is presented. The diagnostic difficulty at presentation is
      highlighted. Continuous arteriovenous haemofiltration proved a valuable means of
      maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance. The patient recovered.

PMID- 3403781
TI  - The use of left atrial catheter after cardiac surgery.

PMID- 3403782
TI  - Haemorrhagic shock with paradoxical bradycardia.

PMID- 3403783
TI  - The use of continuous arteriovenous hemodialysis in the management of patients
      with oliguria associated with multiple organ failure.

PMID- 3403784
TI  - Prophylactic aluminium hydroxide and hyperaluminaemia in intensive care.

PMID- 3403786
TI  - Right ventricular ejection fraction.

PMID- 3403785
TI  - Right ventricular ejection fraction.

PMID- 3403787
TI  - Preliminary pulsatile flow bench validation of a thermodilution right ventricular
      ejection fraction system.
AB  - A preliminary Pulsatile Flow Bench validation of the REF-1 Right Ventricular
      Ejection Fraction (RVEF) computer and catheter system was performed to determine
      the accuracy of the current REF-1 system. These results reflect the accuracy of
      the current REF-1 system and not the final REF-1 system that will be released at
      a later date. The Pulsatile Flow Bench cardiac output and ejection fraction
      ranges included in this study are 1 to 6 Lpm and 15% to 60%, respectively.
      Currently, plans are being made to increase the flow bench cardiac output range
      to 10 Lpm with ejection fractions up to 70%. The results of this study show a
      correlation coefficient of 0.94 (adjusted R-square) between flow bench ejection
      fractions and REF-1 system ejection fractions. Also, the correlation coefficient
      between flow bench cardiac output and REF-1 system cardiac output was determined
      to be 0.99 (adjusted R-square).

PMID- 3403788
TI  - Determination of right ventricular ejection fraction by thermodilution technique-
      a comparison to biplane cineventriculography.
AB  - Determination of right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) provides information
      about global right ventricular function, which may be important for the
      management of patients with various heart diseases. Right ventricular ejection
      fraction can be determined by new thermodilution techniques using fast-response
      thermistors. To evaluate the validity of these methods, thermodilution
      measurements were compared with biplane cineventriculography in 22 patients
      undergoing cardiac catheterization. In all patients standard deviation of RVEF
      was below 5%. Mean RVEF, determined by thermodilution, was 52% +/- 9%, ranging
      from 32% to 71% and correlated significantly with the results of angiography
      (RVEF: 52% +/- 9%) (r = 0.80, SEE +/- 5%, n = 22, p less than 0.001). Correlation
      was good especially in patients with small right ventricles (less than 160 ml) (r
      = 0.91, SEE +/- 5%, n = 13, p less than 0.001), lower heart rates (less than
      65/min) (r = 0.84, SEE = +/- 6%, n = 12, p less than 0.001) and cardiac output
      below 5.51/min (r = 0.88, SEE +/- 6%, n = 11, p less than 0.001). Thus, if valid
      catheter placement is possible, right ventricular ejection fraction can be
      determined by thermodilution technique with good reproducibility and sufficient
      accuracy compared to biplane angio. Validation of this method in larger patient
      populations with various heart diseases is necessary.

PMID- 3403789
TI  - Pressure and volume assessment of right ventricular function during mechanical
      ventilation.

PMID- 3403791
TI  - Right ventricular function in COPD patients during weaning from mechanical
      ventilation.
AB  - We studied the right ventricular function during a successful weaning period in 7
      COPD patients without LV disease who had been mechanically ventilated for several
      days after an acute exacerbation of their disease. A Swan-Ganz ejection fraction
      thermodilution catheter performed measurements of right ventricular ejection
      fraction (RVEF) and right ventricular end-diastolic volume index (RVEDVI) before
      and fifteen minutes after disconnection from the ventilator at the maintenance
      FiO2. Although pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) rose from 25 +/- 4 to 28.5 +/- 4.5
      mmHg after disconnection from the ventilator, RVEF (0.36 +/- 0.56 to 0.35 +/-
      0.12) and RVEDVI (117 +/- 51 to 126 +/- 52 ml/m2) remained similar in both
      conditions. We concluded that right ventricular systolic function assessed with
      modified pulmonary artery catheter was maintained during the weaning phase in
      such weanable patients. This method could easily detect any fall of RVEF or
      diastolic RV enlargement able to impair the weaning in some patients.

PMID- 3403790
TI  - Right ventricular performance in patients with acute respiratory failure.
AB  - To examine the right ventricular response to acute respiratory failure, serial
      studies of biventricular performance were analysed in 34 such patients,
      specifically detailing the role of associated underlying disease. During the
      initial study, the 34 patients with acute respiratory failure had a higher right
      ventricular end-diastolic volume than the control group (+21%), associated with a
      decrease in right ventricular ejection fraction, abnormalities which tended to
      return to normal values in the 15 survivors. In the 9 patients who died of
      refractory hypoxemia with severe pulmonary hypertension, the right ventricular
      dilation allowed to maintain stroke volume. In contrast, in 8 patients who died
      of septic shock, biventricular function was progressively altered (right and left
      ventricular ejection fraction = -37% and -35%). In 4 patients who died of
      cardiogenic shock (viral myocarditis), the cardiac function was the lowest (right
      and left ventricular ejection fraction = -59% and -60%). Only patients with acute
      respiratory failure associated with septic shock or viral myocarditis are unable
      to maintain their stroke volume.

PMID- 3403792
TI  - Right ventricular function in septic shock.

PMID- 3403793
TI  - Right ventricular dysfunction in patients with septic shock.
AB  - Using a rapid computerized thermodilution method, we examined the evolution of
      right ventricular performance in 23 patients with septic shock. Nine survived the
      episode of septic shock. The other 14 patients died of refractory circulatory
      shock. Significant right ventricular systolic dysfunction, defined as decreased
      ejection fraction (-39%) and right ventricular dilation (+38%) was observed in
      all patients with septic shock. However, in the survivors, increased right
      ventricular preload may prevent hemodynamic evidence of right ventricular pump
      failure by utilizing the Frank-Starling mechanism to maintain stroke volume.
      Conversely, in the nonsurvivors, right ventricular dysfunction was more prononced
      two days after the onset of septic shock, leading to a fall in stroke. In the
      last patients, a decrease in contractility appears to be the major factor
      accounting for decreased right ventricular performance, as evidenced by the
      marked increase in end-systolic volume (+27%) without significant change in
      pulmonary artery pressure, during the later stage of septic shock. The observed
      right ventricular pump failure then appears associated with an alteration in
      diastolic mechanical properties of this ventricle, as suggested by a leftward
      displacement of the individual pressure-volume curves.

PMID- 3403794
TI  - Ultrasonic scattering by two concentric cylinders.
AB  - A series solution for scattering from two concentric, fluid cylinders of
      different speeds and densities has been employed to compute the scattered
      pressure for a range of frequencies, material parameters, and emitter and
      detector functions. This range includes the nominal parameters of measurements
      that were made at a frequency of 1.0 MHz and a radius of 150 mm on a gel model
      with an outer radius of 25.00 mm and an inner radius of 9.52 mm. The nominal
      parameters correspond to a ka of 626.2 for the measurement radius, a ka of 106.0
      for the outer cylinder, and a ka of 39.8 for the inner cylinder. Scattering was
      calculated for frequencies for 10 kHz to 10 MHz which resulted in ka values from
      6.26 to 6262 for the measurement radius, from 1.06 to 1060 for the outer
      cylinder, and from 0.398 to 398 for the inner cylinder. The effects on scattering
      of changes in speed and density parameters of the concentric cylinders are
      presented. First, the speed of the outer cylinder was raised by a factor of 10
      from the nominal while the density of the outer cylinder and the speeds and
      densities of the inner cylinder and the surrounding medium were held fixed. Next,
      the density of the outer cylinder was raised while its speed was fixed at
      nominal, as were the speeds and densities of the inner cylinder and the medium.
      Finally, the speed first and then the density of the inner cylinder was raised
      while the parameters of the outer cylinder and of the medium were held fixed at
      nominal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3403795
TI  - Suppression tuning curves for spontaneous otoacoustic emissions in infants and
      adults.
AB  - Suppression tuning curves (STCs) for spontaneous otoacoustic emissions (SOAEs)
      were longitudinally obtained in seven infants (at 3 weeks, 2 months, and 3, 4, or
      6 months of age) and in five adults. Excellent reproducibility was obtained for
      adult STCs. Reproducibility for infant STCs was poorer, but the curves at each
      age resemble those of adults both qualitatively and quantitatively as measured by
      slopes of the lower and upper segments of the STCs and by Q10's. Evidence from
      two subjects suggests that developmental changes in the fine tuning of the system
      may occur postnatally. Results are discussed with respect to the development of
      cochlear frequency selectivity.

PMID- 3403796
TI  - Average discharge rate representation of voice onset time in the chinchilla
      auditory nerve.
AB  - Responses of chinchilla auditory-nerve fibers to synthesized stop consonants
      differing in voice onset time (VOT) were obtained. The syllables, heard as /ga/
      /ka/ or /da/-/ta/, were similar to those previously used by others in
      psychophysical experiments with human and with chinchilla subjects. Average
      discharge rates of neurons tuned to the frequency region near the first formant
      generally increased at the onset of voicing, for VOTs longer than 20 ms. These
      rate increases were closely related to spectral amplitude changes associated with
      the onset of voicing and with the activation of the first formant; as a result,
      they provided accurate information about VOT. Neurons tuned to frequency regions
      near the second and third formants did not encode VOT in their average discharge
      rates. Modulations in the average rates of these neurons reflected spectral
      variations that were independent of VOT. The results are compared to other
      measurements of the peripheral encoding of speech sounds and to psychophysical
      observations suggesting that syllables with large variations in VOT are heard as
      belonging to one of only two phonemic categories.

PMID- 3403797
TI  - Signal transmission in noisy environments: auditory masking in the tympanic nerve
      of the bushcricket Metaballus litus (Orthoptera: Tettigoniinae).
AB  - Physiological responses of the auditory leg nerve were recorded in the
      tettigoniid Metaballus litus to suprathreshold tone pulses of 12.45 kHz, which is
      close to the carrier frequency of the male's call. This stimulus tone frequency
      was determined by characterizing the polar response of the foreleg. Physiological
      threshold of the receptors was calculated from intensity input/output curves, and
      the experimental stimulus was set at 40 dB above this threshold value. There was
      low variance in threshold values between preparations. Continuous octave filtered
      white noise centered on the stimulus frequency was presented at the same time as
      the tone pulse at increasing intensities. The summed action potentials (SAPs) of
      the whole leg nerve were averaged over 256 stimulus presentations and the
      magnitude of the response was calibrated to dB values. The range of noise levels
      was set between that inducing no decrease in the SAP response to the tone pulse
      stimulus, up to a masking intensity where the response to the tone pulse was only
      just observable. Decrement in SAP magnitude was linear, and complete masking
      occurred when the noise level was 20-25 dB above the initial level of zero
      masking. This final level was comparable in magnitude to the sound-pressure level
      of the tone pulse and within the natural range of the insect's auditory behavior.
      Following the cessation of the noise signal, the SAPs were monitored over
      intervals of 2 min until the SAP asymptoted to the preexperimental condition. The
      reduction in SAP magnitude during noise presentation was attributed to a loss in
      synchrony from the individual tympanic receptors.

PMID- 3403798
TI  - Effective properties of multicomponent simultaneous maskers under conditions of
      uncertainty.
AB  - When more than one sinusoid is used as a masker, more masking is observed than
      would be predicted by a simple combination of their individual effects. This
      masking is dramatically increased when the masker components vary in frequency
      and intensity with each presentation. These studies manipulated several masker
      parameters under conditions of high masker uncertainty, examining the effect of
      excluding critical-band components, fixing or randomizing component amplitudes
      and frequencies, and narrowing the frequency range of the components. The signal
      was always a 200-ms, 1000-Hz sinusoid, presented simultaneously with the 200-ms
      masker. Removing critical-band components reduced the amount of masking, but
      considerable masking remained that appears to be nonperipheral in origin. Fixing
      masker frequencies across the two intervals of a trial greatly reduced the
      masking observed, whereas fixing masker amplitudes had no effect. Reducing the
      frequency range from 5000 to 2700 Hz generally increased the masking observed,
      but appeared to depend on other masker parameters. Summaries across ten listeners
      show individual differences that are resistant to extensive training. It is
      difficult to account for most of the masking observed in terms of masker energy
      falling near the region of the signal.

PMID- 3403799
TI  - Combined monaural and binaural masking release.
AB  - Stimulus conditions were examined where both across-frequency [comodulation
      masking release (CMR)] and across-ear [binaural masking-level difference (BMLD)]
      cues were available, as well as conditions where only one of these cue types was
      available. The main goal of the study was to determine how the two types of cues
      combine. The effects of comodulation were assessed either by modulating a masking
      noise and manipulating its bandwidth (experiment 1) or by using two comodulated
      narrow bands of noise separated in frequency (experiment 2). The masker was
      always No, and the 500-Hz pure-tone signal was either So or S pi. The effect of
      the frequency of modulation was examined either by changing the frequency of the
      modulating stimulus (experiment 1) or by changing the bandwidth of the
      comodulated narrow-band noise (experiment 2). Four of six subjects showed greater
      masking release when both BMLD and CMR cues were available than for either type
      of cue alone, whereas the other two subjects did not show an ability to combine
      the two cues for additional advantage. For the subjects who were able to combine
      the two types of cue, the additional advantage was greater for low frequencies of
      modulation. The results indicate that one component of CMR may be based upon
      across-frequency envelope comparisons at a stage of processing after binaural
      analysis.

PMID- 3403800
TI  - Discrimination of interaural differences of level as a function of frequency.
AB  - Discrimination of interaural differences of level (IDLs) was measured for pure
      tones as a function of frequency and as a function of the interaural difference
      of phase or level of a standard. Varying the interaural difference of the
      standard was assumed to change the lateral position of its intracranial image.
      Threshold IDLs were approximately constant over a frequency range from 200-5000
      Hz, except in a region near 1000 Hz where they were slightly elevated. Thresholds
      increased as the value of the standard interaural differences of phase or level
      increased, implying that interaural resolution declines as the lateral image
      moves away from midline. The results are generally consistent with the
      predictions of current models of lateralization, but additions to these models
      are required in order for them to account for the slight frequency dependence of
      threshold IDLs.

PMID- 3403801
TI  - Adaptive staircase techniques in psychoacoustics: a comparison of human data and
      a mathematical model.
AB  - Data from a simple tone-in-noise simultaneous masking task were used to evaluate
      each of two common adaptive staircase rules (a "1 up 2 down" rule and a "1 up 3
      down" rule) and the parameter estimation by sequential testing (PEST) technique
      in combination with each of two psychophysical procedures [a two-alternative
      forced-choice (2AFC) and a three-alternative forced-choice (3AFC) procedure].
      These human data were compared to predictions generated by a mathematical model
      based on Markov theory. The model predicts that threshold estimates obtained with
      the adaptive techniques should be equal to those derived with equivalent "fixed
      signal level" techniques. However, the human data indicate that the adaptive
      techniques tend to yield lower thresholds. The model predicts that the standard
      error of a threshold estimate obtained from an adaptive technique will decrease
      and approach zero as the number of trials used to compute the estimate increases.
      The human data show greater variability than predicted and approach a nonzero
      value as the number of trials increases. The predictions of the model suggest
      that the commonly used combination of the 2AFC procedure and the 1 up 2 down rule
      is the least efficient method of estimating a threshold and that the 3AFC
      procedure in combination with the 1 up 3 down rule is the most efficient method.
      The human data are less consistent, but generally show the combination of the
      2AFC procedure and the 1 up 2 down rule to be one of the least efficient methods.
      Possible explanations for the differences between the model's predictions and the
      human data, as well as suggestions for laboratory practice, are discussed.

PMID- 3403803
TI  - Acoustic observations in young children's non-cry vocalizations.
AB  - A corpus of 1200 non-cry vocalization samples produced by 14 normal children
      between the ages of 11-25 months was examined retrospectively. Six percent of the
      samples yielded instances of either harmonic doubling (HD), fundamental frequency
      (F0) shift, or biphonation (Bp). These spectrographic features relate to short
      duration changes in F0, reflecting alterations in vocal fold state
      characteristics. The HD and Bp segments were perceptually judged to be harsh,
      while F0 shift closely reflected pitch breaks. The frequency of occurrence of the
      three acoustic features suggests that they are normally occurring phonatory
      events in normal children's vocal patterns.

PMID- 3403804
TI  - Synchronized videostroboscopic and electroglottographic examination of glottal
      opening.
AB  - Interpretation of electroglottography (EGG) as an index of glottal contact area
      has been complicated by difficulty obtaining independent validation measures. The
      purpose of this research was to implement a new simultaneous
      EGG/videostroboscopic technique for the evaluation of the relationship between a
      discontinuity in the opening phase of the EGG waveform with the onset of glottal
      opening viewed via videostroboscopy. The results support previous suggestions
      that this EGG discontinuity, when observed in nonpathologic individuals, usually
      marks the onset of glottal opening along the superior surface of the vocal folds.

PMID- 3403805
TI  - Similarities of vowels in nonreverberant and reverberant fields.
AB  - Perceptual distances among single tokens of American English vowels were
      established for nonreverberant and reverberant conditions. Fifteen vowels in the
      phonetic context (b-t), embedded in the sentence "Mark the (b-t) again" were
      recorded by a male talker. For the reverberant condition, the sentences were
      played through a room with a reverberation time of 1.2 s. The CVC syllables were
      removed from the sentences and presented in pairs to ten subjects with
      audiometrically normal hearing, who judged the similarity of the syllable pairs
      separately for the nonreverberant and reverberant conditions. The results were
      analyzed by multidimensional scaling procedures, which showed that the perceptual
      data were accounted for by a three-dimensional vowel space. Correlations were
      obtained between the coordinates of the vowels along each dimension and selected
      acoustic parameters. For both conditions, dimensions 1 and 2 were highly
      correlated with formant frequencies F2 and F1, respectively, and dimension 3 was
      correlated with the product of the duration of the vowels and the difference
      between F3 and F1 expressed on the Bark scale. These observations are discussed
      in terms of the influence of reverberation on speech perception.

PMID- 3403802
TI  - Articulatory correlates of stress and speaking rate in Swedish VCV utterances.
AB  - Articulatory activity underlying changes in stress and speaking rate was studied
      by means of x-ray cinefilm and acoustic speech records. Two Swedish subjects
      produced vowel-consonant-vowel (VCV) utterances under controlled rate-stress
      conditions. The vowels were tense (i a u), and the consonants were the voiceless
      stops, notably (p). The spectral characteristics of the vowels were not
      significantly influenced by changes in the speaking rate. They were, however,
      significantly emphasized under stress. At the articulatory level, stressed vowels
      displayed narrower oral tract constrictions than unstressed vowels at the two
      speaking rates studied. At the faster speaking rate, vowel- and consonant-related
      gestures were coproduced to a greater extent than at the slower rate. The data,
      failing to produce evidence for an "undershoot" mechanism, support the view that
      dialect-specific correlates of stress are actively safeguarded by means of
      articulatory reorganization.

PMID- 3403806
TI  - The acoustic features of vervet monkey alarm calls.
AB  - Vervet monkeys routinely produce semantic alarm calls upon detection of various
      predators encountered in their natural environment. Two of these calls, snake and
      eagle alarms, were analyzed using digital signal processing techniques in order
      to identify potentially distinctive acoustic cues. Distinctive cues were sought
      in the periodicity of the source waveform associated with each call type, the
      probable vocal tract filtering functions, and in temporal patterning. Results
      were equivocal with respect to source periodicity, but a variety of
      distinguishing features were found in both supralaryngeal filtering and timing.
      These data provide a basis for psychoacoustic perceptual testing with vervets as
      subjects.

PMID- 3403807
TI  - A computer simulation of hearing aid response and the effects of ear canal size.
AB  - The response of a hearing aid is affected by many factors which include the head
      and outer ear, the microphone, amplifier, and receiver used in the hearing aid,
      the properties of the ear canal and the eardrum, and acoustic feedback through
      the vent. This article presents a computer simulation of an in-the-ear (ITE)
      hearing aid that includes all of the above factors. The simulation predicts the
      pressure at the eardrum for a frontal free-field sound source. The computer model
      was then used to determine the effects on the hearing aid response due to
      variations in the size of the ear canal. The simulation indicates that, for an
      unvented hearing aid, changes in the size of the ear canal shift the overall
      sound-pressure level at the eardrum but have only small effects on the shape of
      the frequency response. The situation is more complicated when a vent is present,
      however, since changes in the size of the ear canal that cause apparently small
      perturbations in the acoustic feedback signal may, nonetheless, have large
      effects on the overall system response.

PMID- 3403808
TI  - The effect of masker interaural phase on the detection of a monaural signal.
AB  - The masking-level difference (MLD) for a 500-Hz monaural pure-tone signal was
      examined as a function of the interaural phase shift of a 100-Hz-wide noise band
      centered on 500 Hz. Results indicated that the MLD decreased in magnitude as the
      interaural phase shift of the masker increased. In a second experiment, the 100
      Hz-wide noise band was used as both the masker and the signal in order to examine
      the detection cues of interaural time difference and interaural level difference
      separately. Again, the interaural phase of the masker was varied, and an Sm
      signal was presented. Results indicated that the MLD decreased as a function of
      increasing masker interaural temporal difference for the time cue, but that the
      MLD did not change systematically for the level cue. The deterioration of
      binaural detection as a function of increasing masker interaural phase difference
      was not as great as that which has been reported in localization and
      lateralization experiments.

PMID- 3403809
TI  - Popular and unpopular children's interactions during cooperative and competitive
      peer group activities.
AB  - Popular and unpopular fourth-grade boys were videotaped as each attempted to gain
      entry into a cooperative and a competitive task involving two classmates who were
      average in popularity. During the competitive procedure, the unpopular entry
      children were more likely than their popular counterparts to break rules, emit
      silly noises, and appeal to authority. Children average in popularity directed
      more positive behaviors toward their well-liked classmates and more derisive and
      dominating behavior toward unpopular peers. Unpopular children exhibited less
      negative and immature behavior in the benign, tension-free atmosphere of the
      cooperative project and their peers were more tolerant toward them than during
      the competitive game. The findings suggest that contextual factors influence the
      social skills exhibited by the unpopular child. Implications for the treatment of
      peer relationship problems are discussed.

PMID- 3403810
TI  - Properties of the Beck Depression Inventory as a screening instrument for
      adolescent depression.
AB  - The utility of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) for identifying Major
      Depressive Episode was assessed with two samples of adolescents, 65 psychiatric
      hospital inpatients and 49 secondary school students. Diagnoses based on the
      Child Assessment Schedule served as criteria. With the school sample, a BDI
      screening score of 16 resulted in 100% sensitivity and 93.2% specificity. For the
      inpatient sample, a cutoff of 11 yielded a sensitivity of 81.5% and specificity
      of 52.6%. There was evidence of the BDI's convergent and discriminant validity
      for both samples. The results were consistent with the assertion that Major
      Depressive Episode is a sufficiently distinct diagnostic category in adolescence
      to be detected by a screening measure such as the BDI.

PMID- 3403811
TI  - Comorbidity of test anxiety and other anxiety disorders in children.
AB  - Elementary school children with clinically significant test anxiety, as
      determined by self-report and a clinical interview, were assessed for the
      incidence of other fears and anxiety. The results indicated that test-anxious
      children reported more fears and general worries than their non-test-anxious
      peers. As expected, the test-anxious children experienced more negative
      cognitions and subjective distress when taking a test. Furthermore, the fear of
      negative evaluation was not limited to an actual test, since these children also
      reported identical symptoms when engaged in a second social-evaluative task.
      Finally, 60% of the test-anxious sample met DSM-III criteria for an anxiety
      disorder. The results are discussed in terms of the relationship of text anxiety
      to more complex social-evaluative dysfunctions, more pervasive anxiety
      conditions, DSM-III anxiety disorders, and the utility of test anxiety as an
      indicator of the presence of these more pervasive anxiety states.

PMID- 3403812
TI  - Maternal depression and its relationship to life stress, perceptions of child
      behavior problems, parenting behaviors, and child conduct problems.
AB  - This study examined the relationship of reported maternal depression to prior and
      current life stressors, and to mother perceptions of child adjustment, parenting
      behaviors, and child conduct problems. Forty-six depressed mothers and 49
      nondepressed mothers and their clinic-referred children (aged 3-8 years)
      participated. Depressed mothers were more critical than nondepressed mothers, but
      the behavior of children of depressed and nondepressed mothers showed no
      significant differences. Depressed mothers were more likely to have experience
      child abuse, spouse abuse, or more negative life events than nondepressed
      mothers. Maternal reports of stress related to mother characteristics and to
      negative life events were the most potent variables discriminating depressed from
      nondepressed mother families.

PMID- 3403813
TI  - Socioeconomic, family, and social stress correlates of adolescent antisocial and
      delinquent behavior.
AB  - A total of 84 male and female adolescents were surveyed for SFS, family systemic
      functioning, and four types of social stress (Induced Transitions, Daily Hassles,
      Developmental Transitions, and Circumscribed Life Events) in relation to level of
      antisocial and delinquent behavior to determine the individual and cumulative
      effect of these psychosocial predictors. Univariate analyses indicated that
      perceived and Desired Family Cohesion, Daily Hassles, Circumscribed Life Events,
      and Developmental Transitions correlated significantly with reported antisocial
      and delinquent behavior, but SES and gender did not. Multivariate analyses
      affirmed that SES was of little use in understanding such behavior, at least
      among the general population, and that family functioning and social stress
      contributed interactively. Desired Cohesion was the most reliable indicator, with
      other family and stress variables' importance differing for males and females.
      These findings suggest that a family's ability to support each other and to
      harness that support to cope with transitions and stress during adolescence
      relates to a lower level of antisocial behavior.

PMID- 3403814
TI  - Automatic and effortful processing in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
AB  - Twenty-five boys with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and 23 age-matched
      controls were compared on verbal memory tasks differentiating automatic versus
      effortful information processing. Automatic processing tasks included the
      recognition of new or old words in a list and the recognition of frequency of
      occurrence of words in a list. Effortful tasks included free recall of lists of
      both related and unrelated words. Hyperactive boys did not differ from controls
      in automatic processing capabilities but demonstrated significantly poorer
      effortful processing. Intercorrelations of the variables revealed high
      correlations between scores on effortful measures and also raise questions about
      the purity of automaticity in some tasks employed. Stepwise discriminant analysis
      demonstrated that free recall of related words (an effortful task) best
      discriminated between groups. Effort-related processing in hyperactive and normal
      children is discussed in relation to variables of motivation, affect, arousal,
      and other higher-order cognitive processes.

PMID- 3403815
TI  - Self-cognitions, stressful events, and the prediction of depression in children
      of depressed mothers.
AB  - In a preliminary effort to integrate cognitive, life stress, and interpersonal
      approaches to vulnerability to depression, children's cognitions about
      themselves, their stressful life events, and the interaction of self-cognitions
      and life events were tested as predictors of depression. Children of normal,
      medically ill, and bipolar and unipolar depressed mothers were assessed initially
      and 6 months later for diagnostic status using the Kiddie-SADS interview. As
      predicted, Piers-Harris self-concept scores and interview-assessed children's
      stressful life events significantly predicted changes in depression status over
      the 6-month follow-up. Stressors and the interaction of stressors and self
      concept also predicted changes in diagnosis of nonaffective disorders. A self
      schema measure of accessibility of negative self-cognitions, known to be mood
      dependent, failed to add to the prediction of depression severity. The results
      are consistent with a model of depression vulnerability that emphasizes cognition
      about self-worth and self-efficacy as mediators of the impact of stressful
      events, and we speculate that such self-schemas are acquired in part in the
      context of parent-child relationships. Recommendations are given for further
      studies of the acquisition and the mechanisms of self-schemas.

PMID- 3403816
TI  - Clot-specific thrombolytic agents: is there an advantage?

PMID- 3403817
TI  - Long-term outcome in patients with inferior myocardial infarction and complete
      atrioventricular block.
AB  - Some studies have reported increased short-term mortality and higher incidence of
      multivessel coronary artery disease in patients with inferior myocardial
      infarction and complete heart block, but information is lacking on clinical
      outcome after hospital discharge. Therefore, data were obtained and analyzed in
      749 patients who were admitted with inferior myocardial infarction to four
      different centers and followed up for 1 year. Six hundred fifty-four patients
      (Group 1) did not have complete heart block and 95 (Group 2) had complete heart
      block during their hospital stay (incidence rate 12.8%). Compared with Group 1,
      Group 2 patients were older (66 versus 61 years, p less than 0.01), more often
      had signs of left ventricular failure (p less than 0.001) and had higher peak
      creatine kinase values (1,840 versus 1,322 IU/liter, p less than 0.001). The in
      hospital mortality rate was higher in Group 2 than in Group 1 (24.2 versus 6.3%,
      p less than 0.001). However, at discharge there was no difference between Group 1
      and Group 2 in clinical characteristics, left ventricular ejection fraction (0.52
      +/- 0.12 versus 0.52 +/- 0.11) or incidence of complex ventricular arrhythmias on
      ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring. Furthermore, during the year after
      hospital discharge, patients in Groups 1 and 2 did not have significantly
      different mortality rates (6.4 versus 10.1%, p = NS). The incidence rate of
      reinfarction (4%) was the same in Groups 1 and 2. The incidence of coronary
      artery bypass surgery was slightly but not significantly higher in Group 1
      compared with Group 2 (11 versus 4%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3403818
TI  - Left ventricular wall motion abnormalities in subarachnoid hemorrhage: an
      echocardiographic study.
AB  - Although electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities and autopsy evidence of
      myocardial necrosis are associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage, their relation
      to in vivo measures of left ventricular function in this condition has not been
      established. Thirteen patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage and no prior history
      of heart disease were studied by two-dimensional echocardiography, performed
      initially 10 to 48 h (mean 18) after admission and serially for less than or
      equal to 14 days. Serum creatine kinase (total and myocardial isoenzyme) was
      determined 5 times over the first 48 h; ECGs were performed daily. Neurologic
      state was assessed with the use of a standard grading system. Four patients
      (Group I) exhibited left ventricular wall motion abnormalities in one to eight
      segments. In two of these patients there was also left ventricular apical mural
      thrombus that embolized in one patient, leading to further neurologic
      deterioration. The initial creatine kinase myocardial isoenzyme was higher in
      Group I than in Group II (patients without wall motion abnormalities) (10.3
      versus 2.1 U/liter, p less than 0.001), initial heart rate was higher (91 versus
      61 beats/min, p less than 0.01), neurologic grade was higher (2.5 to 4.5 versus 1
      to 2, p less than 0.001) and inverted T waves were more common (4 of 4 versus 1
      of 9). Three of the four patients in Group I died; two of the three underwent
      autopsy and were found to have no significant coronary artery disease. No other
      patients died.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3403820
TI  - Baroreflex sensitivity and its evolution during the first year after myocardial
      infarction.
AB  - Experimental data have indicated that baroreflex sensitivity is often depressed
      in dogs after myocardial infarction and that this depression correlates strongly
      with subsequent mortality during episodes of acute myocardial ischemia. This
      finding has several clinical implications. The present study was undertaken with
      the objectives of assessing the potential existence of differences in baroreflex
      sensitivity between men with and without myocardial infarction and the time
      course during the 1st year after infarction of these potential changes in
      baroreflex sensitivity. Fifty-three subjects entered the study: 32 postinfarction
      patients and 21 control subjects. Baroreflex sensitivity was assessed by
      increasing mean blood pressure by aphenylephrine infusion (70 micrograms/ml) and
      recording the consequent RR interval changes. Baroreflex sensitivity, expressed
      as the slope of the regression line relating mean blood pressure to RR interval
      changes, was evaluated 18 days (n = 32), 3 months (n = 17) and 13 months (n = 10)
      after infarction. Baroreflex sensitivity was lower in the patients than in the
      control subjects (8.2 +/- 3.7 versus 12.3 +/- 2.9 ms/mm Hg, p = 0.0001).
      Moreover, 13 (41%) of 32 patients had a baroreflex slope less than 6.5 ms/mm Hg,
      which was 2 SD below the mean value of the control subjects. The internal control
      follow-up study showed that baroreflex sensitivity increased 3 months after
      infarction to values quite similar to those observed in the control subjects
      (11.1 +/- 5.3 versus 8.7 +/- 3.5 ms/mm Hg, p = 0.02). No further change was
      observed between 3 and 13 months after myocardial infarction. These data indicate
      that baroreflex sensitivity is lower in a proportion of postinfarction patients
      than in control subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3403819
TI  - Echocardiographic evaluation of mitral valve structure and function in patients
      followed for at least 6 months after percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty.
AB  - Although beneficial results have been reported immediately after percutaneous
      mitral balloon valvuloplasty, little information is available concerning the
      longer-term outcome of this procedure. The anatomic and functional results of
      percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty were assessed in 20 patients, in whom two
      dimensional and Doppler echocardiographic examination could be obtained both
      immediately and 6 to 11 months (mean 7.5 +/- 2.0) after balloon dilation. Mean
      valve area measured by planimetry decreased slightly but significantly from 1.90
      +/- 0.59 cm2 immediately after valvuloplasty to 1.62 +/- 0.55 cm2 (p less than
      0.001) at follow-up. Individual changes in valve area were variable, and in four
      patients valve area decreased by greater than 25%. Echocardiographic scores of
      valvular morphology were obtained by assigning scores of 0 to 4 (with increasing
      abnormality) to each of four morphologic characteristics of the valve, namely,
      leaflet mobility, thickening, calcification and subvalvular thickening. This
      score was higher in the four patients with a decrease in valve area greater than
      25% at follow-up than in the other patients (11 +/- 2 versus 7 +/- 2, p less than
      0.002). Multiple regression analysis of several hemodynamic and echocardiographic
      factors identify first the echocardiographic score and second the valve area
      postvalvuloplasty as the only significant predictors of the percent decrease in
      valve area (r = 0.70, p less than 0.006). Mitral regurgitation graded by pulsed
      Doppler ultrasound decreased from 1.9 +/- 1.2 immediately after valvuloplasty to
      1.0 +/- 0.9 (p less than 0.003) at follow-up, whereas there was no change in mean
      transmitral pressure gradient by Doppler echocardiography (5 +/- 2 versus 6 +/- 3
      mm Hg, p = NS) and left atrial volume (74 +/- 34 versus 72 +/- 27 cm3, p = NS).
      Thus, 6 to 11 months after balloon mitral valvuloplasty, mean mitral valve area
      decreases slightly. Individual changes in valve area, however, are variable.
      Valvular morphology assessed by two-dimensional echocardiography may be useful
      for identifying those patients who have an increased likelihood of developing
      valvular restenosis.

PMID- 3403821
TI  - Prognosis in patients with an abnormal exercise radionuclide angiogram in the
      absence of significant coronary artery disease.
AB  - To investigate the prognostic importance of abnormal exercise left ventricular
      function on radionuclide angiography in the absence of significant angiographic
      coronary artery disease, 79 consecutive patients with these findings were
      followed up for a mean of 25 months (range 12 to 55). All patients had 1) an
      ejection fraction at rest greater than or equal to 0.40, 2) an ejection fraction
      that decreased with exercise or peak exercise ejection fraction less than 0.60,
      and 3) no significant coronary artery disease. The mean change in ejection
      fraction was a decrease of 0.07. In 63 patients (80%), the ejection fraction
      decreased during exercise; in 45 patients, it decreased by greater than or equal
      to 0.05. Twenty patients (25%) had a peak exercise ejection fraction less than
      0.50. All patients were alive at follow-up study. One patient had a nonfatal
      myocardial infarction, and three patients were hospitalized for recurrent chest
      pain. No patient underwent coronary angioplasty or bypass surgery. The calculated
      infarction-free survival rate at 4 years by life table analysis was 97%. Patients
      with an abnormal exercise radionuclide angiogram in the absence of significant
      angiographic coronary artery disease have an excellent short-term prognosis.

PMID- 3403822
TI  - Spontaneous variability and circadian distribution of ectopic activity in
      patients with malignant ventricular arrhythmia.
AB  - Day to day variability of ventricular ectopic activity was analyzed in 45
      patients with a history of malignant ventricular tachyarrhythmias who underwent
      two successive 24 h periods of ambulatory electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring
      in the absence of antiarrhythmic drugs; 26 were male and 19 female, with a mean
      age of 56 years (range 15 to 76). The total number of single ventricular
      premature beats, couplets and ventricular tachycardia beats and runs on days 1
      and 2 demonstrated a consistent overall correlation (r = 0.76 to 0.84).
      Individual variability was evaluated by regression analysis with determination of
      95% confidence limits. The minimal decrease in arrhythmia density necessary to
      distinguish true drug effect from spontaneous variability was 64% for single
      ventricular premature beats, 83% for couplets, 90% for ventricular tachycardia
      runs and 93% for ventricular tachycardia beats. To meet the criteria for
      arrhythmia aggravation, the arrhythmia density had to increase by 400, 877, 1,500
      and 2,400%, respectively. Multivariate analysis disclosed an inverse relation
      between day to day arrhythmia variability and baseline arrhythmia density and
      age. Variability was more pronounced in patients with coronary artery disease but
      was not influenced by the type of presenting arrhythmia or left ventricular
      function. The diurnal distribution of arrhythmias and heart rate followed a
      distinct circadian pattern. These data indicate that, despite good group
      reproducibility, spontaneous arrhythmia variability in individuals is
      substantial, necessitating standards to define both drug effect and arrhythmia
      aggravation.

PMID- 3403824
TI  - Ambulatory monitoring of left ventricular function.

PMID- 3403823
TI  - Continuous monitoring of left ventricular function by an ambulatory radionuclide
      detector in patients with coronary artery disease.
AB  - Global left ventricular function and a modified V5 electrocardiographic (ECG)
      lead were continuously monitored by a radionuclide recorder in 12 normal subjects
      and 39 patients with coronary artery disease while the subjects were performing
      various daily activities. The ambulatory studies revealed that walking on a level
      surface caused 11 of 12 normal subjects and 18 of 32 patients to increase their
      left ventricular ejection fraction by greater than 6% units. A transient decrease
      in left ventricular ejection fraction (6 to 18%) lasting greater than or equal to
      1 min was observed on 36 occasions in 16 patients with coronary artery disease;
      12 episodes were accompanied by chest pain or shortness of breath and 24 were
      asymptomatic. Electrocardiographic ST segment depression suggestive of ischemia
      was recorded in 6 of the 12 symptomatic and 5 of the 24 asymptomatic episodes. In
      10 of the 12 symptomatic episodes, left ventricular ejection fraction began to
      decrease 30 to 90 s before the onset of symptoms. These studies suggest that
      continuous monitoring of both left ventricular function and the ECG may permit
      stratification of episodes of ST depression suggesting ischemia by the degree of
      left ventricular dysfunction they produce.

PMID- 3403825
TI  - High dose dipyridamole-echocardiography test in women: correlation with exercise
      electrocardiography test and coronary arteriography.
AB  - The value of the exercise-electrocardiography test in detecting coronary artery
      disease in women is limited. Recently, the high dose dipyridamole
      echocardiography test (two-dimensional echocardiographic monitoring during
      intravenous dipyridamole infusion, up to 0.84 mg/kg body weight over 10 min) was
      proposed as an alternative to exercise testing for the diagnosis of coronary
      artery disease. To establish the diagnostic usefulness of the exercise
      electrocardiography and dipyridamole-echocardiography tests in this disease, the
      two tests were performed--on different days and in random order--in 83
      consecutive women evaluated for a chest pain syndrome. All 83 women had taken no
      medications for greater than 48 h, and 15 had had a previous myocardial
      infarction. Positivity of the dipyridamole-echocardiography test was based on
      detection of a transient asynergy of contraction that was absent or of lesser
      degree at rest; the exercise-electrocardiography test (by upright cycloergometer)
      was considered positive when the ST segment was shifted greater than 0.1 mV 0.08
      s after the J point. Coronary angiography showed significant coronary artery
      disease (greater than 70% luminal reduction of at least one major coronary
      vessel) in 39 women. No significant complications occurred in any patient during
      either test. Sensitivity and predictive value of a negative test were similar for
      the dipyridamole-echocardiography and the exercise-electrocardiography test (79
      versus 72% and 84 versus 68%, respectively, whereas the dipyridamole
      echocardiography test had greater specificity (93 versus 52%, p less than 0.001),
      accuracy (87 versus 62%, p less than 0.001) and a higher predictive value of a
      positive test (91 versus 57%, p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3403826
TI  - Which cineangiographically assessed anatomic variable correlates best with
      functional measurements of stenosis severity? A comparison of quantitative
      analysis of the coronary cineangiogram with measured coronary flow reserve and
      exercise/redistribution thallium-201 scintigraphy.
AB  - The goal of this investigation was to establish which measured anatomic variable
      of stenotic coronary lesions correlates best with functional severity. Therefore,
      38 patients with single vessel disease underwent coronary cineangiography and
      exercise/redistribution thallium-201 scintigraphy. The computer-based
      Cardiovascular Angiography Analysis System was used to determine the cross
      sectional area at the site of obstruction (OA) and percent diameter stenosis
      (DS), and to calculate the pressure drop over the stenosis (PD) with use of fluid
      dynamic equations. Coronary flow reserve was measured radiographically.
      Myocardial perfusion defects on thallium scintigrams were analyzed quantitatively
      and by visual interpretation. The relations between coronary flow reserve (CFR)
      and the three anatomic variables were described by the following equations: 1)
      CFR = 4.6 - 0.053 DS, r = 0.82; SEE: 0.79, p less than 0.001. 2) CFR = 0.5 + 0.75
      OA, r = 0.87; SEE: 0.68, p less than 0.001). 3 CFR = 3.6 - 1.5 log PD, r = 0.90;
      SEE: 0.62, p less than 0.001. The calculated pressure drop was highly predictive
      of the thallium scintigraphic results with a sensitivity of 94% and a specificity
      of 90%. The calculated pressure drop is a better anatomic variable for assessing
      the functional importance of a stenosis than is percent diameter stenosis or
      obstruction area. However, the 95% confidence limits of the relation between
      pressure drop and coronary flow reserve are wide, making the measurement of
      coronary flow reserve an indispensable addition to quantitative angiography,
      especially when determining the functional importance of moderately severe
      coronary artery lesions.

PMID- 3403827
TI  - Assessing stenosis significance by coronary arteriography: are the best variables
      good enough?

PMID- 3403828
TI  - Echocardiographically determined left ventricular mass index in normal children,
      adolescents and young adults.
AB  - Left ventricular hypertrophy is an important diagnostic and prognostic finding in
      children with cardiovascular disease, but there are currently no well established
      criteria for its determination by M-mode echocardiography. Three hundred thirty
      four subjects, aged 6 to 23 years, who were free of cardiovascular disease were
      studied. Left ventricular mass was calculated using echocardiographic
      measurements in a regression equation for left ventricular mass. Intraobserver (r
      = 0.96, p less than 0.01) and interobserver (r = 0.89, p less than 0.01)
      variability were low. To anatomically validate the echographic formula for left
      ventricular mass, left ventricular measurements made at autopsy were inserted
      into the formula. Mass was then calculated and compared with the actual mass.
      There was a strong correlation between the calculated and the measured left
      ventricular mass (r = 0.89, p less than 0.01). Left ventricular mass was not
      statistically related to race, but it was strongly associated with gender (p less
      than 0.001). It was strongly correlated with height (r = 0.82 for males, r = 0.71
      for females) and body surface area (r = 0.83 for males, r = 0.74 for females).
      Echocardiographic criteria for left ventricular hypertrophy in children and
      adolescents, based on the 95th percentile, for left ventricular mass, left
      ventricular mass corrected for body surface area and left ventricular mass
      corrected for height are, respectively: 184.9 g, 103.0 g/m2 and 99.8 g/m for
      males and 130.2 g, 84.2 g/m2 and 81.0 g/m for females.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3403829
TI  - Left ventricular mass in children and adolescents.

PMID- 3403830
TI  - Asynchronous atrioventricular valve opening as it relates to right to left
      interatrial shunting in the normal newborn.
AB  - The opening of the tricuspid valve and the onset of right ventricular filling
      precede the opening of the mitral valve and the onset of flow in the normal
      adult. Sixty-five studies of atrioventricular flow with range-gated pulsed
      Doppler echocardiography, performed on 32 normal neonates, consistently
      demonstrated the reverse sequence. Further investigation showed that at the time
      of mitral valve opening, while the tricuspid valve was still closed, the valve of
      the foramen ovale began to bow posteriorly into the left atrium and remained
      posteriorly bowed for most of diastole. The magnitude of posterior bowing varied
      among the neonates but, concomitant with the more prominent grades of posterior
      bowing, right to left shunting across the foramen ovale was demonstrated on color
      flow mapping. Ultrasound studies in the normal fetus also revealed earlier
      opening of the mitral valve, bowing of the valve of the foramen ovale into the
      left atrium and right to left shunting across the foramen ovale. These findings
      indicate that in the normal immature heart isovolumic ventricular relaxation is
      completed earlier on the left than on the right side and that left ventricular
      compliance appears to be greater than right ventricular compliance. The relation
      of left and right ventricular compliance in the adult is different from that in
      the normal immature heart. Whereas systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance and
      pressure levels change rapidly in the newborn period, ventricular compliance
      matures over a longer period of time. As a result of the differential maturity,
      for a variable period of time in the normal neonate, a left to right ductal shunt
      coexists with a right to left atrial shunt.

PMID- 3403831
TI  - Echocardiographic assessment of neonates with pulmonary atresia and intact
      ventricular septum.
AB  - In this prospective study, 27 consecutive neonates suspected to be suffering from
      pulmonary atresia and intact ventricular septum underwent detailed two
      dimensional echocardiographic examination before cardiac catheterization. Of the
      27 neonates 25 had pulmonary atresia and intact ventricular septum and the
      remaining 2 had "functional pulmonary atresia" secondary to severe Ebstein's
      anomaly of the tricuspid valve. In all 25 neonates with pulmonary atresia and
      intact ventricular septum, the diagnosis and right ventricular morphology based
      on the tripartite approach were correctly established by echocardiography. The
      associated Ebstein's anomaly in two babies with pulmonary atresia and intact
      ventricular septum was also correctly identified by echocardiography. Among the
      five babies who had a sinusoidal-coronary artery communication, echocardiography
      demonstrated the fistula in one and provided clues for its diagnosis in two
      others. In the 25 neonates with pulmonary atresia and intact ventricular septum,
      the echocardiographic dimensions of their tricuspid anulus, right ventricular
      infundibulum and main pulmonary artery correlated well with the
      angiocardiographic measurements (r greater than 0.8). The results of this study
      suggest that, in the management of neonates with pulmonary atresia and intact
      ventricular septum, preoperative evaluation by echocardiography is usually
      sufficient and cardiac catheterization should be reserved for selected cases.

PMID- 3403832
TI  - Increased intracranial pressure elicits hypertension, increased sympathetic
      activity, electrocardiographic abnormalities and myocardial damage in rats.
AB  - Intracranial pressure was increased in 59 rats by inflating a subdural balloon to
      a total mass volume of 0.3 ml. The increase in intracranial pressure ranged from
      75 to greater than 500 mm Hg. With few exceptions, mean arterial pressure
      increased to as high as 227 mm Hg during the increase in intracranial pressure.
      Significant increases in plasma catecholamines, major electrocardiographic
      changes and a considerably shortened survival time were observed only in the rats
      that demonstrated an increase in mean arterial pressure greater than 50 mm Hg. A
      perfusion study with liquid silicone rubber (Microfil) revealed dilated irregular
      myocardial vessels with areas of focal constriction consistent with microvascular
      spasm. Histologic examination of the myocardium revealed widespread patches of
      contraction band necrosis and occasional contraction bands in the smooth muscle
      media of large coronary arteries. These observations suggest that myocardial
      damage after suddenly increased intracranial pressure resulted both from exposure
      to toxic levels of catecholamines and from myocardial reperfusion. Extension of
      these studies to humans suggests that a detailed assessment of myocardial
      function should be performed in victims of severe brain injury. Myocardial
      dysfunction may be a major determinant of the patient's prognosis or may render
      the heart unsuitable for transplantation.

PMID- 3403833
TI  - More lessons about essential hypertension from an experimental rat model.

PMID- 3403834
TI  - Comparative efficacy of monophasic and biphasic truncated exponential shocks for
      nonthoracotomy internal defibrillation in dogs.
AB  - Pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs were studied to determine the relative efficacy
      of monophasic and biphasic truncated exponential shocks employing a
      nonthoracotomy internal defibrillation pathway that consisted of a right
      ventricular catheter electrode (cathode) and a subcutaneous chest wall patch
      electrode (anode). In part 1 of the experiments, six dogs (19.6 +/- 1.1 kg) were
      utilized. Monophasic pulses of 5, 7.5, 10 and 12.5 ms duration were compared with
      biphasic pulses of the same total duration. The biphasic pulses had an initial
      positive phase (P1) followed by a terminal negative phase (P2) with the initial
      voltage equal for each phase. For each biphasic total pulse width, five relative
      P1 versus P2 durations were tested (50 and 50%, 75 and 25%, 90 and 10%, 25 and
      75%, 10 and 90%). Ventricular fibrillation was induced by alternating current and
      pulse configurations were tested randomly to determine the minimal voltage and
      energy for defibrillation (threshold). Biphasic shocks with P1 longer than P2
      were associated with significantly lower (p less than 0.01) energy thresholds
      than were monophasic shocks. Additionally, there was no significant relation
      between pulse width and voltage or energy thresholds. In part 2 of the
      experiments, six dogs (20.2 +/- 1.6 kg) were studied. Monophasic shocks were
      compared with biphasic shocks with P1 versus P2 durations of 75 and 25% and 90
      and 10% for total pulse widths of 7.5, 10 and 12.5 ms. Threshold determinations
      were performed as in part 1. Subsequently, five initial voltages clustered about
      threshold were randomly tested four times and dose-response curves constructed
      for each pulse configuration with the use of stepwise logistic regression.
      Biphasic shocks resulted in significantly lower energy (p less than 0.0001) and
      voltage (p less than 0.001) requirements than did monophasic shocks.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3403835
TI  - Effect of recainam on the energy required for ventricular defibrillation in dogs
      as assessed with implanted electrodes.
AB  - The effect of recainam (WY-42,362), a new class IC antiarrhythmic drug, on
      ventricular defibrillation was evaluated with the use of implanted superior vena
      cava and left ventricular patch electrodes in 17 normal dogs anesthetized with
      sodium pentobarbital. The energy required for a 50% probability of successful
      defibrillation (E50) was used as the index of ventricular defibrillation
      threshold. The dogs were classified into three groups: a saline group (n = 6), a
      low dose recainam group (n = 6) and a high dose recainam group (n = 5). The low
      dose infusion involved an intravenous loading dose of 3.75 mg/kg body weight over
      20 min followed by a maintenance infusion of 0.0375 mg/kg per min. The high dose
      infusion was double those rates. The low dose recainam infusion produced a plasma
      recainam concentration of 3.1 +/- 0.3 micrograms/ml and significantly increased
      QRS duration by 11.3 +/- 3% during sinus rhythm. The high dose recainam infusion
      produced a plasma concentration of 7.7 +/- 0.9 microgram/ml and significantly
      increased QRS duration by 27 +/- 7% in sinus rhythm. Recainam did not change
      ventricular effective refractory period or sinus cycle length. The mean change in
      E50 between control and infusion periods was 1 +/- 5% in the saline group (8.5 +/
      1.4 versus 8.6 +/- 1.6 joules); 42 +/- 11% in the low dose recainam group (8.1
      +/- 1.0 versus 11.3 +/- 1.3 joules) and 92 +/- 17% in the high dose recainam
      group (11.2 +/- 2.1 versus 20.5 +/- 2.5 joules).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3403837
TI  - The reversal of amiodarone-induced perioperative reduction in cardiac systolic
      reserve in dogs.
AB  - There is controversy about the myocardial depressant effects of amiodarone in
      patients with decreased cardiac function undergoing surgery. Some surgeons
      believe that these effects complicate the discontinuation of cardiopulmonary
      bypass. Accordingly, the hemodynamic effects of amiodarone were evaluated in two
      groups of anesthetized mongrel dogs that had undergone a median sternotomy. A
      control group of 10 dogs and an amiodarone-treated group (15 mg/kg per day for 3
      weeks) of 10 dogs were studied, and serum (0.26 to 1.09 micrograms/ml) and tissue
      (cardiac 2.97 to 11.60 micrograms/ml) levels of amiodarone were measured by
      liquid chromatography. Hemodynamic measurements were made at baseline and after
      administration of routine therapeutic intravenous doses of dobutamine (10
      micrograms/kg per min), isoproterenol (0.06 micrograms/kg per min) and
      epinephrine (2 micrograms/min). The amiodarone-treated dogs had a smaller
      increase in cardiac output compared with baseline than did control dogs. For each
      drug when the amiodarone-treated group was compared with the control group,
      increases in cardiac output (liters/min) were: dobutamine, 1.32 +/- 0.24 versus
      1.73 +/- 0.31; isoproterenol, 0.84 +/- 0.26 versus 1.43 +/- 0.28; epinephrine,
      0.25 +/- 0.15 versus 0.44 +/- 0.53. Amiodarone-treated dogs were also given
      higher doses of drugs, dobutamine (50 micrograms/kg per min), isoproterenol (1.2
      micrograms/kg per min) and epinephrine (20 micrograms/min). Increases in cardiac
      output were 1.24 +/- 0.24, 1.62 +/- 0.25 and 2.82 +/- 0.64, respectively. All
      cardiac outputs were significantly increased from the baseline values (p less
      than 0.05) except those measured in the amiodarone group receiving the lower dose
      of epinephrine. Thus, amiodarone-treated dogs have a relative reduction of
      perioperative cardiac systolic reserve.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3403836
TI  - The transponder system: a new method of precise catheter placement in the right
      atrium under echocardiographic guidance.
AB  - The ability to localize catheters within the heart has gained importance with the
      use of percutaneous catheter ablation and the transseptal approach for
      valvuloplasty. A prototype interactive transponder catheter system, specifically
      designed to mark the catheter tip for echocardiographic visualization, was used
      to place catheters at the tricuspid anulus and the fossa ovalis in anesthetized
      dogs. Catheter tip location was marked by lesions produced by radiofrequency
      energy delivered at the distal catheter electrode. At autopsy, the center of the
      radiofrequency-induced lesion was located 2.8 +/- 0.7 mm from the edge of the
      lateral tricuspid anulus and 3.5 +/- 3.1 mm from the center of the fossa ovalis.
      The transponder catheter system offers the ability to precisely position
      catheters in the right atrium under echocardiographic guidance.

PMID- 3403839
TI  - Amiodarone pulmonary toxicity: prospective evaluation of serial pulmonary
      function tests.
AB  - Pulmonary toxicity developed in 15 (17%) of 89 patients treated with amiodarone
      during a follow-up period of 2 weeks to 54 (mean 20 +/- 15) months. Prospective
      evaluation of serial pulmonary function tests in 67 patients demonstrated both a
      significant decrease from baseline in three of six variables in patients with
      toxicity at the time of diagnosis and a significant difference compared with the
      same variables in patients without toxicity. The most significant of these was
      the diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO). An individual decrease in DLCO
      greater than or equal to 15% gave an optimal sensitivity of 100% and a
      specificity of 89% for the diagnosis of pulmonary toxicity. However, a decrease
      in DLCO greater than or equal to 15% did not alone warrant a change in therapy in
      asymptomatic patients. Although higher maintenance doses of amiodarone appeared
      to be related to the development of this complication, an abnormal baseline DLCO
      (less than 60% of predicted) with or without an initial abnormal chest
      roentgenogram did not predispose to pulmonary toxicity.

PMID- 3403840
TI  - Detection of amiodarone pulmonary toxicity: to screen or not to screen, that is
      the question!

PMID- 3403842
TI  - The National High Blood Pressure Program.

PMID- 3403838
TI  - Myocardial contrast two-dimensional echocardiography: dose-myocardial effect
      relations of intracoronary microbubbles.
AB  - It is controversial whether echocardiographic contrast agents prepared by
      sonication cause transient myocardial depression beyond that known to occur with
      contrast agents alone. In nine open chest dogs, contrast injections were made
      into the left anterior descending coronary artery during two-dimensional
      echocardiography. One hundred forty-four recordings were analyzed subsequently,
      by an observer who was unaware of other data, for percent depression of systolic
      wall thickening, duration of regional wall motion abnormalities, peak contrast
      enhancement and contrast washout. Two microbubble sizes were obtained by
      sonicating Renografin-76 (meglumine sodium diatrizoate): mean diameter 12 +/- 3
      (SEE) and 20 +/- 6 micron. Four doses (range 0.5 to 3 ml) of each of four agents
      (12 and 20 micron bubbles in Renografin, nonsonicated Renografin and saline
      solution) were injected in random order. Significant relations were found between
      percent depression of systolic wall thickening, duration of regional wall motion
      abnormalities and contrast washout time versus microbubble size (p less than
      0.001) and microbubble dose (p less than 0.01). Little increased contrast effect
      was found at larger doses or with larger microbubbles compared with the smaller
      doses and size studied. Injections of nonsonicated Renografin caused less
      depression of systolic wall thickening (p less than 0.05), faster resolution of
      wall motion abnormalities (p less than 0.05), less contrast (p less than 0.001)
      and more rapid contrast washout (p less than 0.001) than did 12 micron bubbles in
      Renografin. A significant correlation was found between the duration of regional
      wall motion abnormalities and contrast washout time (r = 0.93, p less than
      0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3403843
TI  - Reducing cholesterol does not reduce mortality.

PMID- 3403845
TI  - 19th Bethesda Conference. Trends in the practice of adult cardiology:
      implications for manpower. October 15-16, 1987, Bethesda, Maryland. Proceedings.

PMID- 3403844
TI  - The cholesterol pessimist.

PMID- 3403841
TI  - Improved diagnosis and characterization of left ventricular pseudoaneurysm by
      Doppler color flow imaging.
AB  - Three patients with a left ventricular pseudoaneurysm are presented. Doppler
      color flow imaging helped to establish the diagnosis and was able to show
      additional blood flow abnormalities. The guided continuous wave Doppler
      interrogation of the shunting blood flow through the communication between the
      pseudoaneurysm and the left ventricle allowed the identification of a specific
      diagnostic flow pattern. Doppler color flow imaging offers advantages in patients
      with equivocal two-dimensional echocardiographic findings for elucidating
      confusing clinical findings and demonstrating additional and unsuspected flow
      abnormalities.

PMID- 3403846
TI  - Changing perspectives: the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute programs for
      research training and career development.

PMID- 3403847
TI  - Public policy and health care.

PMID- 3403849
TI  - Data bases and methods for adult cardiology manpower analysis--a critical review.

PMID- 3403848
TI  - The definition and role of adult cardiologists in the changing scene of
      cardiology.

PMID- 3403850
TI  - Major demographic and epidemiologic trends affecting adult cardiology.

PMID- 3403851
TI  - Economic trends affecting adult cardiology.

PMID- 3403852
TI  - The impact of current health policy trends on adult cardiology.

PMID- 3403853
TI  - Adult cardiology and the expanding supply of physicians.
AB  - The number of cardiologists can be projected with considerable accuracy into the
      next century. The total cardiology pool of physicians will increase until the
      year 2015 at which time those entering and leaving the pool will come into
      equilibrium. At that time the ratio of active cardiologists to the population
      will have greatly increased. This nation's future need for cardiologists is
      difficult to assess with any degree of precision. Therefore, this is the time for
      updating practice profile studies. Such studies today could be formulated in a
      manner to provide more detailed information on the cardiologist's daily
      activities. In addition, a data base developed through methodology such as the
      consensus formation approach must be developed and updated on a periodic basis.
      Through such analyses it will be possible to quantitate the future needs of
      cardiovascular manpower.

PMID- 3403855
TI  - Sensitivity of ST segment depression in upright treadmill and supine bicycle
      testing.

PMID- 3403854
TI  - Peripheral vascular disease and the cardiovascular specialist.

PMID- 3403857
TI  - Myocardial infarction in patients with patent coronary arteries.

PMID- 3403858
TI  - Future directions for the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology.

PMID- 3403856
TI  - Exercise echocardiography.

PMID- 3403859
TI  - Mechanism of action of methylxanthines in asthma.

PMID- 3403861
TI  - The influence of ethnicity, an atopic family history, and maternal ascariasis on
      cord blood serum IgE concentrations.
AB  - Raised concentrations of cord blood serum (CBs) IgE have previously been
      demonstrated to reflect a hereditary predisposition for atopy in First World,
      predominantly white populations. A cross-sectional study of 53 black, 52 white,
      and 58 mixed race newborn infants and maternal pairs was performed in a
      multiethnic, mixed First and Third World society. The CBs IgE concentrations were
      measured with a modification of the standard IgE PRIST, which could reliably
      determine IgE concentrations to an accuracy of 0.01 kU/L. The black group had the
      highest geometric mean and median CBs IgE concentrations (0.21; 0.16 kU/L),
      followed by the white group (0.12; 0.12 kU/L) and the mixed group (0.10; 0.08
      kU/L). If those newborn infants with an atopic family history and maternal
      ascariasis were excluded, the remainder had geometric mean and median CBs IgE
      concentrations of 0.20; 0.16 kU/L in the black subgroup, followed by values of
      0.06; 0.05 kU/L in the mixed subgroup, and 0.05; 0.07 kU/L in the white subgroup.
      Statistically significant ethnic differences in the median CBs IgE concentrations
      of these subgroups were demonstrated between the black-white (p less than 0.05)
      and the black-mixed (p less than 0.005) ethnic groups. A positive family history
      of atopy influenced the CBs IgE concentrations in the white and mixed groups but
      not in the black group. Of those newborn infants with a CBs IgE concentration
      greater than 0.5 kU/L, a family history of atopy was found in 100% of the white
      newborn infants, in 58.3% of the mixed newborn infants, and only in 14.3% of the
      black newborn infants. Many of the black newborn infants without a family history
      of atopy had extremely high CBs IgE concentrations. The influence of maternal
      ascariasis was equivocal in the mixed group but of no significance in the black
      group. The high CBs IgE concentrations in the black newborn infants, independent
      of an atopic family history and maternal ascariasis, suggest that this atopic
      marker may therefore be of limited use in identifying the "high allergic-risk"
      newborn infant in black Third World populations who appear to represent a pool of
      genetic high IgE-responder phenotypes.

PMID- 3403860
TI  - Plasma catecholamine concentrations during a 72-hour aminophylline infusion in
      children with acute asthma.
AB  - To explore the possibility that theophylline may act through adrenomedullary
      secretion of catecholamines, we examined the time courses of plasma
      norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E), and theophylline concentrations and peak
      expiratory flow (PEF) in nine children with an acute exacerbation of asthma
      receiving a 72-hour constant infusion of aminophylline. These measurements were
      made before (baseline) and at 2, 24, 48, and 72 hours after the infusion began.
      Plasma theophylline concentrations were kept constant in a near midpoint
      therapeutic range (mean +/- SEM, 14.1 +/- 1.3 to 16.1 +/- 1.1 micrograms/ml)
      during the 24- to 72-hour infusion periods. Compared with the respective baseline
      values (383.8 +/- 56.0 and 67.6 +/- 11.8 pg/ml for NE and E), the following
      postinfusion plasma catecholamines reached statistically significant difference:
      664.0 +/- 125.1 pg/ml for NE at 24 hours (p less than 0.05), and 214.9 +/- 57.8,
      233.7 +/- 82.2, and 137.6 +/- 39.4 pg/ml for E at 2, 24, and 48 hours (p less
      than 0.01). Despite the fact that similar plasma theophylline concentrations were
      maintained, plasma E, which peaked at 24 hours after dose, returned toward the
      baseline at the end of infusion (99.7 +/- 24.1 pg/ml), whereas this trend was not
      observed for NE. The postinfusion PEF increased (p less than 0.01) in a stepwise
      fashion, compared with the baseline, as the infusion progressed. The change in
      PEF correlated significantly (p less than 0.002) with plasma theophylline
      concentrations but not with the increase in plasma E from the baseline.
      Theophylline concentrations did not correlate with the increase in plasma NE or E
      from the baseline.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3403862
TI  - Domiciliary metaproterenol nebulization: a bacteriologic survey.
AB  - We wanted to determine whether domiciliary jet nebulization (DJN) leads to
      contamination of the equipment with fungi or aerobic bacteria and, eventually, to
      respiratory colonization or pneumonia in daily users of the equipment. We
      surveyed from this standpoint 23 veterans 65 +/- 10.1 years of age, present or
      former smokers, treated with steroids more than 7 months in the year preceding
      the survey, and with FEV1/FVC of 42 +/- 11%; they all were daily users of the
      equipment, diluting the metaproterenol solution with nonbacteriostatic saline
      dispensed in multiple-dose bottles of 500 to 1000 ml (protocol 1 [P1]). After
      this protocol was completed, the large saline bottles were replaced by 20 cc
      vials; 11/23 completed 1 year of this treatment (protocol 2 [P2]). Equipment
      contamination was checked in all initial 23 patients after one-time nebulization
      in the laboratory with fresh material (protocol 3 [P3]). We found that DJN leads
      to equipment contamination in 20/23 subjects of P1 and 3/11 subjects of p2;
      saline bottles and the nebulizer were the most frequently contaminated items
      (32/41 equipment items in P1 and 10/55 in P2). The contamination was
      predominantly bacterial with oropharyngeal saprophytes (19 in p1, O in P2) or
      gram-negative bacilli (47 in P1, 8 in P2). Bacterial growth was heavier in P1
      than in P2. During P3, three equipment items became contaminated in 3/23
      subjects; the flora was oropharyngeal. No patient developed respiratory
      colonization or developed pneumonia during 9000 patient days of DJN.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3403863
TI  - Effect of a PAF antagonist, BN52063, on antigen-induced, acute, and late-onset
      cutaneous responses in atopic subjects.
AB  - Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a potent phospholipid that has been
      implicated as a mediator of allergic inflammatory responses, since it may induce
      a biphasic response and eosinophil infiltration in the skin that is reminiscent
      of antigen-induced reactions after cutaneous administration in man. We have
      studied the effect of a PAF antagonist, the ginkgolide mixture, BN52063, to
      determine the role of PAF in antigen-induced cutaneous responses in a double
      blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study in 10 atopic subjects. Two hours after
      ingestion of BN52063 (120 mg), the wheal-and-flare response to intradermal PAF
      (200 ng), but not to histamine (1 micrograms), was inhibited, as previously
      described in nonatopic subjects. The late-onset component of the response to
      allergen (8 hours after injection) was significantly attenuated from 2.89 +/-
      0.76 cm3 to 1.41 +/- 0.58 cm3 (p less than 0.05). Although the early wheal
      response was reduced in 50% of subjects, it was not significant overall, nor was
      there any significant reduction in the flare response. These observations suggest
      that PAF contributes to the late inflammatory response to allergen that is known
      to be associated with an inflammatory cell (predominantly eosinophil) infiltrate.
      This lends support to the idea that PAF is a mediator of allergic inflammation
      and that PAF antagonists may have a therapeutic role in allergic diseases.

PMID- 3403864
TI  - Cottonseed hypersensitivity: new concerns over an old problem.
AB  - Seven subjects, who experienced systemic allergic reactions after the ingestion
      of a newly marketed food supplement, were evaluated to identify the responsible
      ingredient. Skin testing with extracts prepared from ingredients in the food
      supplements revealed marked sensitization of all of the subjects to cottonseed
      protein. Double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenges performed in two
      subjects with cottonseed flour produced reactions consisting of oropharyngeal
      pruritus, rhinitis, nausea, diaphoresis, dyspnea, cough, and a fall in pulmonary
      function tests of 45% or more. All placebo challenges were negative. Because of
      the reactions observed during these challenges, other subjects were not
      challenged orally with cottonseed protein but consumed without incident other
      ingredients in the supplement to which they were skin test positive. Our
      evaluation strongly incriminates cottonseed protein as the cause of the systemic
      allergic reactions in these subjects and is consistent with earlier articles in
      the literature describing the potent allergenicity of cottonseed protein.

PMID- 3403865
TI  - A case study on the induction of clinical tolerance in cold urticaria.
AB  - The mechanism(s) by which repeated cold challenge in a patient with idiopathic
      acquired cold urticaria resulted in the induction of clinical tolerance to cold
      stimuli was studied. Plasma histamine levels, mast cell ultrastructure, and the
      cutaneous response to intradermal injections of morphine, histamine, and
      substance P were examined before and after the induction of tolerance. Plasma
      histamine levels draining cold-challenged, clinically tolerant skin were markedly
      diminished compared to histamine levels obtained during cold-induced angioedema.
      Furthermore, electronmicroscopy of skin samples taken from tolerant skin after
      cold challenge revealed intact, largely normal appearing mast cells. Intradermal
      injection of mast cell secretagogues and vasoactive agonists into normal and
      tolerant skin sites resulted in similar whealing responses. Thus, these studies
      suggest that the state of clinical tolerance to cold stimuli is due neither to
      mast cell-mediator depletion or tachyphylaxis of the cutaneous vasculature to
      vasoactive agonists. It appears likely that tolerance may be due to the induction
      of a specific state of unresponsiveness of mast cells to cold stimuli or possibly
      to depletion of a cold-induced cutaneous antigen capable of triggering mast cell
      degranulation.

PMID- 3403866
TI  - Angioedema and urticaria caused by cottonseed protein in whole-grain bread.
AB  - A 29-year-old patient developed a severe allergic reaction after eating whole
      grain bread. The bread appeared to contain cotton seed-protein flour. The skin
      prick tests with the bread and cottonseed were strongly positive. High level of
      circulating antibodies of IgE class against cottonseed protein could be detected
      in her blood samples. It is evident that cottonseed flour is used in diverse
      products and can cause unexpected severe hypersensitivity reactions.

PMID- 3403867
TI  - The treatment of glucocorticosteroid-dependent chronic urticaria with stanozolol.
AB  - In this study, four patients presented with chronic urticaria that required
      glucocorticosteroid therapy for control. In the first patient, the urticaria
      began during pregnancy and persisted after delivery with symptoms flaring
      premenstrually thereafter. Danazol was selected in an attempt to suppress
      progesterone levels, theoretically by inhibiting ovulation. The patient's
      urticaria markedly improved, however, within 24 hours. Several months later, she
      was switched to stanozolol with further improvement. Three other individuals were
      treated with stanozolol with dramatic improvement. In all, three patients have
      experienced the induction of five remissions (there were two recurrences), and
      one patient remains much improved. All subjects have stopped both stanozolol and
      glucocorticosteroids. Stanozolol appears to act synergistically with
      glucocorticosteroids, and together, they may be capable of inducing remission in
      some patients.

PMID- 3403868
TI  - Clinical and pharmacokinetic evaluation of a sustained-release liquid
      theophylline preparation.
AB  - Theolan Suspension is the first long-acting liquid theophylline dosage form. A
      crossover study comparing the pharmacokinetic and clinical response to Theolan
      Suspension (administered every 12 hours) with aminophylline solution
      (administered every 8 hours) in children younger than 12 years of age is
      reported. Twenty-seven patients completed the study: 17 children were aged 6
      years or younger and five patients were 3 years or younger. All patients were
      withdrawn from bronchodilator therapy and then were titrated to clinically
      effective doses of study medication. There was an equivalent and significant
      reduction from baseline levels in the mean symptom score during administration of
      theophylline suspension (42%; p less than or equal to 0.001) and aminophylline
      solution (57%; p less than or equal to 0.001). Mean values for FEV1 (1.2 versus
      1.3 L), FEV1/FVC (77% versus 79%), and reduction in acute metaproterenol use (24%
      versus 43%) in children receiving theophylline suspension and aminophylline
      solution revealed no differences between products. Adverse effects were reported
      more frequently for the aminophylline solution, possibly caused in part to its
      taste. Of children stating a taste preference, eight of 10 children chose the
      Theolan Suspension. The suspension demonstrated a lower peak theophylline blood
      level at a later time (11.6 micrograms/ml at 3 1/2 hours), compared to the
      solution (14.6 micrograms/ml at 1 1/2 hours; p less than or equal to 0.01).
      Indexes of theophylline fluctuation during the dosing interval indicated
      equivalent or reduced variability for the suspension. Relative bioavailability of
      theophylline suspension was 89% of that for the solution.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3403869
TI  - Late systemic-allergic reactions to inhalant allergen immunotherapy.
AB  - Late systemic-allergic reactions (defined as occurring between 30 minutes and 6
      hours after injection) to inhalant allergen immunotherapy were prospectively
      studied in four allergy treatment centers; 35,674 injections were administered to
      712 patients. Twenty-nine patients (4% of all patients) experienced 33 late
      reactions. Fifty-six injections (0.16% of all injections) were associated with
      the 33 late reactions. The most common clinical manifestation of a late reaction
      was urticaria. However, objective respiratory airway involvement, as manifested
      by wheezing and/or stridor, occurred in 10 (27%) of the late reactions. Delayed
      reactions involving wheezing and/or stridor were only related to injections from
      maintenance vials, and all these more severe reactions occurred no later than 60
      minutes after injection. We conclude that late systemic-allergic reactions
      account for a significant percent of the total number of systemic-allergic
      reactions to inhalant allergen immunotherapy. It is our belief that a 60-minute
      postinjection waiting period for injections administered from maintenance vials
      of extract would enhance the safety of inhalant allergen immunotherapy.

PMID- 3403870
TI  - Regarding the remote practice of allergy.

PMID- 3403871
TI  - Additives or preservatives in injectable anesthetics.

PMID- 3403872
TI  - Allergenic cross-reactivity among legume foods.

PMID- 3403873
TI  - Validity of a Brazilian version of the Older Americans Resources and Services
      (OARS) mental health screening questionnaire.
AB  - A validity study of the Brazilian version of the 15-item Short Psychiatric
      Evaluation Schedule (SPES), included in the mental health assessment of Older
      Americans Resources and Services (OARS), designed to detect psychiatric disorders
      in the elderly, against the "caseness" criterion suggested by Cooper and Schwarz
      was carried out with a community sample, as part of a survey to study health and
      living conditions of the elderly in a large urban center of a developing country,
      Sao Paulo, Brazil. The screening questionnaire was completed by 292 subjects, and
      91 were selected for the psychiatric interview. The validity coefficients were as
      follows: sensitivity 61%, specificity 89%, positive predictive value 66%,
      negative predictive value 87% and misclassification rate 18%. A discriminant
      analysis using a stepwise procedure was then applied to select the best item
      discriminators of the screening questionnaire. The best set of discrimination
      comprised six items leading to the following validity coefficients: sensitivity
      82%, specificity 77%, positive predictive value 58%, negative predictive value
      92% and misclassification rate 21%. The possible factors related to false
      positive and false negative responses on the screening are discussed.

PMID- 3403874
TI  - Behavioral training for urinary incontinence in elderly ambulatory patients.
AB  - Research questions addressed by this study were: 1) Is the treatment of chronic
      urinary incontinence (UI) in elderly, nondemented ambulatory patients using
      bladder-sphincter biofeedback as effective when performed by an
      internist/geriatrician and a nurse practitioner as that reported by behavioral
      scientists?; and 2) how does bladder-sphincter biofeedback compare to a program
      of behavioral training that does not utilize biofeedback? Twenty-seven patients
      with UI were assigned based on the number of baseline accidents documented in a
      self-maintained log, their sex, and the predominant pattern of symptoms (urge or
      stress) to one of two treatment groups: biofeedback (13 patients) or behavioral
      training not utilizing biofeedback (14 patients). Patients were given up to six
      treatments. Patients in both groups achieved a highly significant (P less than
      .001) reduction in urinary accidents 1 month following treatments compared with
      their baseline number of accidents. The average reduction of accidents over this
      time period was 79% for the biofeedback group and 82% for the group receiving
      behavioral training without biofeedback. All patients showed improvement and no
      patient experienced any side effect. A internist/geriatrician and a geriatric
      nurse practitioner may achieve success utilizing behavioral therapy with or
      without biofeedback for the treatment of chronic urinary incontinence for
      ambulatory elderly patients.

PMID- 3403875
TI  - Risk factors associated with immobility.
AB  - In nursing homes, immobility and related complications are major problems with
      profound health care and financial implications. We conducted a retrospective
      study to identify risk factors associated with immobility. We compared factors in
      34 nonambulatory residents with those in 12 independent ambulatory residents who
      served as controls. Factors associated with immobility included contractures,
      severe dementia, poor vision, and history of hip/leg fractures. Factors not
      associated with immobility included age, osteoarthritis, mild to moderate
      dementia, weight gain, and broad categories of selected medications. The immobile
      patients were further analyzed by subgrouping into those with and without
      contractures. Contractures were significantly associated with severe dementia.
      The finding that immobility was not identified on problem lists for 85% (29) of
      the immobile residents and that for 29% (10) reasons for immobility could not be
      ascertained suggest that immobility is frequently not documented as a major
      problem in medical records nor adequately evaluated.

PMID- 3403876
TI  - Do physicians spend less time with older patients?
AB  - In view of the additional time that older persons require for giving and
      receiving information, as well as for the examination process, it is important
      for manpower and reimbursement planning to better understand the nature of the
      physician-patient encounter with the elderly. We examined a series of national
      surveys of physicians' professional activities and found that physicians tend to
      spend less time with their older patients and also that encounter time by
      physicians in different specialties varies widely. Internists and cardiologists
      spend substantially more time with patients compared with general and family
      practitioners. For 65-74-year-old ambulatory patients, the average visit lengths
      are 18.3 minutes for internists, 18.0 for cardiologists, 11.2 for general
      practitioners, and 12.1 for family practitioners. Compared with ambulatory visit
      lengths for patients aged 45 to 64 years, average encounter times for 75-year
      olds with family physicians were 0.8 minutes shorter, with general practitioners
      1.2 minutes shorter, with internists 2.3 minutes shorter, and with cardiologists
      3.0 minutes shorter. However, when all characteristics of the visit were
      considered, the effect of patient age remained significant only for general
      practitioners. A multivariate analysis of factors related to physician time for
      ambulatory care showed that more time is associated with multiple problems,
      problem severity, and the use of diagnostic testing. For general and family
      practice, the greater the number of previous visits for a problem, the shorter
      the encounter time is. Additional characteristics associated with shorter
      physician-patient encounter times include the volume of patients per week and the
      use of physician assistants within the practice. These findings have implications
      for medical education and manpower projections.

PMID- 3403877
TI  - Are physicians sensitive to the special problems of older patients?
AB  - The sensitivity of primary care physicians to the health care needs of older
      patients was explored by means of an analysis of the use of diagnostic tests and
      therapeutic procedures during ambulatory visits. Survey data on a total of 28,265
      visits to internists, family and general practitioners were examined to determine
      possible age-related differences in care. The study found that diagnostic testing
      falls off significantly for patients 75 years of age or older and that internists
      use substantially more tests for each age group than do family and general
      practitioners. The pattern of use of diagnostic tests in this secondary analysis
      does not address the issue of "appropriateness" but does suggest a pattern that
      makes little sense based on the known distribution of disease and functional
      disability in aging populations.

PMID- 3403878
TI  - Anergy testing in nursing home residents.
AB  - Delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity (DCH) testing is commonly used to determine
      exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and in the evaluation of cellular-mediated
      immunity. Many reports indicate that anergy to ubiquitous antigens is common in
      the elderly. Recent studies suggest that anergy in the aged is not common when
      five or more antigens are used. Because it is often difficult to purchase
      singularly or apply a larger number of quality DCH antigens, we investigated the
      usefulness of the Multitest CMI in 29 nursing home residents with chronic
      diseases. This device simultaneously applies seven skin test antigens and a
      negative control. Ten young healthy subjects served as controls. DCH reactions
      were scored based on the sum of induration and total number of positive
      responses. Although elderly subjects had significantly lower scores than the
      young subjects, only 7% of elderly subjects were anergic. Our data indicate that
      the Multitest CMI is a highly effective device to test for DCH in geriatric
      subjects with chronic diseases. Although skin test responses in these subjects
      were blunted, in most residents cellular-mediated immunity remained intact.

PMID- 3403879
TI  - Irritability as a symptom of depression in the elderly.

PMID- 3403880
TI  - Attending to the needs of elderly patients.

PMID- 3403881
TI  - Cognitive function, hip fractures, and spinal osteoporosis in the elderly.

PMID- 3403882
TI  - Management of myocardial infarction in the elderly.

PMID- 3403884
TI  - British optometry today.

PMID- 3403883
TI  - Rating geriatric training programs.

PMID- 3403885
TI  - Drug therapy in Wilson's disease.

PMID- 3403886
TI  - Solutions and gas permeable lenses.

PMID- 3403887
TI  - Vitamin C and glaucoma.

PMID- 3403888
TI  - Effects of prism-induced, accommodative convergence stress on reading
      comprehension test scores.
AB  - Forty-eight binocular, non-presbyopic optometry students, unfamiliar with the
      purposes of the study, were provided with several matched passages of material to
      read in a given time sequence. Multiple choice questions were to be answered at
      the completion of each reading passage. These were administered in a randomly
      counterbalanced presentation (a b b a) utilizing either base-in prism or plano
      lenses in spectacle form. The results of this experiment showed a statistically
      significant lower comprehension rate with the base-in prism lenses in place as
      evidenced by fewer correct answers to the questions following the reading
      passages. This effect was found to be greater for the longer reading passages
      followed by a greater number of questions to be answered.

PMID- 3403889
TI  - Acute acquired comitant esotropia simulating late onset accommodative esotropia.
AB  - Acute acquired comitant esotropia in the older child, adolescent, and young adult
      may represent uncorrected accommodative esotropia. Three young patients developed
      spontaneous diplopia associated with acute comitant esotropia. In all cases,
      cycloplegic refraction revealed high uncorrected hyperopia suggesting late onset
      accommodative esotropia. However, for one patient an intracranial neoplasm
      precipitated the strabismus and for the other patients the hyperopic correction
      did not alter the deviation. Clinicians confronted with older children or
      adolescent patients with acute comitant esotropia associated with large
      uncorrected hyperopia should not hastily classify the deviation as being
      accommodative in etiology. Although the latter is possible, the hyperopia may be
      coincidental and masking an underlying mechanism.

PMID- 3403890
TI  - Comparisons of commercially available devices for the measurement of fixation
      disparity and associated phorias.
AB  - Associated phorias were measured on 89 subjects using various commercially
      available devices to compare the results obtained with them. An additional 14
      persons served as subjects to compare fixation disparity curve parameters
      obtained with two different targets. Distance associated phorias using the
      Mallett unit and the American Optical vectographic slide were not significantly
      different. Nearpoint associated phorias using the Bernell unit and the Borish
      card were not significantly different. Associated phorias obtained with the
      Bernell unit and the Borish card were lower in magnitude than the associated
      phorias (x-intercepts) from fixation disparity curves derived using the Sheedy
      disparometer. Fixation disparity curve parameters using the Wesson fixation
      disparity card differ from those obtained with the Sheedy disparometer.
      Subjective comments on the clinical use of each of these instruments are
      included.

PMID- 3403891
TI  - Orthoptic treatment of vertical deviations.
AB  - Four patients with large vertical deviations were treated with a combination of
      prismatic glasses and orthoptics. The least amount of prism which eliminated
      diplopia, followed by horizontal fusional range extension, was prescribed. After
      vergences were normalized the prism was further reduced by two prism diopters and
      horizontal fusional range extension was repeated. This process was repeated until
      either a plateau was achieved or the prism was eliminated. All four patients
      completed therapy with almost total alleviation of symptoms and elimination of
      full-time prismatic correction.

PMID- 3403892
TI  - Role of the optometrist in age-related maculopathy.
AB  - The increasing aging segment of our population presents both a challenge and an
      opportunity for optometry. The challenge is to provide sufficient manpower
      skilled in the problems of the aging and to assure participation in any
      therapeutic program. The opportunity is to help those with maculopathy to achieve
      the required visual performance. This entails prevention measures, detection
      diagnosis, and referral for medical care when indicated. When medical therapy is
      not helpful, the optometrist employs low vision techniques to surmount the visual
      handicaps to achieve visual performance commensurate with lifestyle needs. A
      discussion of retinal performance to aid in understanding age-related maculopathy
      (ARM) is presented. Similarly, the various low vision techniques used to aid the
      patient with ARM are considered.

PMID- 3403893
TI  - Presurgical prediction of postsurgical visual acuity in patients with media
      opacities.
AB  - Of the estimated 1 million patients each year in the United States who undergo
      surgery for media opacities, perhaps 5-10% fail to improve because of pre
      existing, undiagnosed retinal and/or optic nerve disease. In this paper, the
      standard presurgical evaluation (case history, visual acuity, refraction,
      pupillary response testing, biomicroscopy, ophthalmoscopy, tonometry, visual
      fields and color vision) and the supplementary presurgical evaluation (entoptic
      phenomena appreciation, ophthalmic ultrasonography, fluorescein angiography,
      laser interferometry, potential acuity meter, visual evoked potential,
      electroretinography, contrast sensitivity and hyperacuity measurements) are
      reviewed.

PMID- 3403894
TI  - Clinicolegal considerations of monovision.
AB  - Patients who wear monovision contact lenses must be carefully selected, properly
      fitted, and adequately informed of the risks of reduced visual acuity and
      stereopsis. A demonstration of the visual effects of monovision should be used to
      determine the adaptability of patients to this form of lens wear, and patients
      should be advised to undergo a gradual adaptation to their lenses. Negligence in
      the prescribing, fitting, follow-up of these patients can create liability for
      the contact lens practitioner. Patients must be warned of the risks of monovision
      lens wear, as required by the doctrine of informed consent, and these warnings
      should be documented, either by making entries in the patient's record or through
      the use of forms. Contact lens prescriptions should include all the information
      necessary to ensure that replacement lenses are the same parameters as those
      prescribed.

PMID- 3403896
TI  - Passing the torch.

PMID- 3403895
TI  - Home remedies.

PMID- 3403897
TI  - Marketing independent practice.

PMID- 3403899
TI  - Vision therapy and binocular vision assessment.

PMID- 3403900
TI  - Dynamic stereoacuity: a test for hitting a baseball?
AB  - Vision is a critical ingredient in professional sports such as baseball. It
      would, therefore, be logical to assume that vision testing should be able to
      discriminate between good and bad performance. Past attempts to establish this
      vision/performance relationship have not been successful. We believe the fault is
      anchored in the fact that all routine vision testing is static and unable to
      measure motion parameters. Using an instrument of our design to test dynamic
      stereoacuity, we have been able to detect subtle differences among individuals.
      The data show a segregation between major league hitters and pitchers. Such
      information could be used as one clue to predict hitting performance.

PMID- 3403898
TI  - The effect of good lighting.

PMID- 3403901
TI  - Accommodative spasm: a study of 17 cases.
AB  - Accommodative spasm (AS) is rarely reported in the literature. We studied 17
      patients with accommodative spasm. Most patients were clinically emmetropic. Ten
      patients also manifested a spasm of the near reflex (SNR). The probable etiology
      of the accommodative disorder for most patients was psychogenic as revealed by
      case histories and visual field analysis. Treatment consisted primarily of plus
      reading lenses and, in some instances, orthoptic training. Some patients also
      underwent psychological counseling. Follow-up ranged from 2 months to 30 months.
      Although visual symptoms improved for most patients, only four patients had
      complete resolution of the spasm.

PMID- 3403903
TI  - Interrater and test-retest reliability of pursuits and saccades.
AB  - Pursuit and saccade testing have long been used by optometry to evaluate
      oculomotor efficiency. The literature is not consistent as to an acceptable
      grading system for these tests. An oculomotor test is described which grades
      pursuit and saccade skills in four major areas of function. Interrater and test
      retest reliability data are reported which indicate that this test has clinically
      acceptable grading consistency. Implications for the field of optometric
      measurement are discussed.

PMID- 3403902
TI  - Cavernous hemangioma of the retina.
AB  - This paper presents an example of a rare clinical entity, a cavernous hemangioma
      of the retina, with emphasis on the difficulty in differential diagnosis.
      Relationships with systemic disorders are emphasized. Clinico-pathological
      schematic drawings accompany photographs to emphasize the importance of
      differentiating cavernous hemangiomas from retinal telangiectasia, capillary
      hemangioma and racemose hemangioma. Management of the cavernous hemangioma is
      routine follow-up examinations and assurance that there are no systemic
      abnormalities.

PMID- 3403905
TI  - The Volk steady mount holder for the +90D lens.
AB  - Since its introduction in early 1985, the Volk +90D lens has become a very
      popular auxiliary lens for biomicroscopic fundus evaluation. The Volk +90D lens
      provides a wide field of view which is accessible by simple scanning of the
      biomicroscope. The necessity to hand hold the lens, however, has not always
      provided enough stability, particularly for the novice user. This article
      describes a newly introduced holder for the Volk +90D lens which mounts on the
      base of the biomicroscope headrest providing rapid and stable lens placement. Use
      of this holder improves the technique of retinal examination and photography by
      stabilizing the image and by freeing both hands to operate the slit lamp
      biomicroscope. The enhanced stability afforded by this holder also gives the
      examiner the practical capability of viewing the posterior pole without
      mydriasis.

PMID- 3403904
TI  - Posttraumatic enophthalmos.
AB  - Posttraumatic enophthalmos is a cosmetic orbital deformity that may induce a
      secondary visual dysfunction. Two case reports are presented which review the
      pathophysiology, incidence, clinical and radiological examination, and treatment
      of posttraumatic enophthalmos.

PMID- 3403906
TI  - The psychoanalysis of art: some ends, some means.
AB  - The psychoanalysis of art has been a lively activity for virtually a century,
      ever since Freud first likened certain findings of his self-analysis to certain
      turns of plot in Oedipus Rex and Hamlet. Yet over this time a lack of clarity has
      persisted with respect to the kind of knowledge applied psychoanalysis achieves
      and its means of justification. Starting with the observation that clinical and
      applied psychoanalysis are, in every respect, radically different endeavors, this
      paper goes on to identify some ends and means of the psychoanalytic study of art
      and to suggest a few criteria of adequacy for the outcomes of such study.

PMID- 3403907
TI  - Transparent screens.
AB  - There is a kind of transitional phenomenon found among certain borderline
      patients which is quite distinct from Winnicott's transitional object. These are
      patients who are preoccupied with maintaining proper physical distance from their
      objects, in order to regulate anxieties about isolation on the one hand, and
      identity-annihilating closeness on the other. Since they believe the activity of
      looking to be intrusive and devouring, hence dangerous, transparent screens are
      interposed between self and other, and serve as protective barriers. These
      screens function intrapsychically as well, to split off or hide those aspects of
      the self felt to be unacceptable. The analyst may witness the failure of the
      screen in several ways: it may create too great a distance, isolating the
      individual and keeping him from life; it may become contaminated by projections
      and turn into a persecutor, or trap the individual, a state of intolerable
      claustrophobia; most dramatically, it may suddenly shatter. The latter is
      associated with psychosis and death, and its appearance may be a harbinger of
      suicide.

PMID- 3403908
TI  - A case of hysteria, with a note on biology.
AB  - Psychoanalysis recently has shown interest in the data of neurobiology. This
      interest has been fostered by the realization that a model of Cartesian mind-body
      dualism is inadequate to current observation and knowledge. Despite the
      theoretical appeal of integrating knowledge from the two fields, there have been
      few attempts at correlation in specific clinical situations. This paper presents
      a case of hysteria in which the physical manifestations of hyperprolactinemia,
      galactorrhea, amenorrhea, and infertility are considered in relation to both the
      brain regulation of prolactin and to unconscious fantasy, motivation, and
      conflict. Some of the intriguing possibilities and limitations of research at the
      frontier of psychoanalysis and neurophysiology are discussed.

PMID- 3403909
TI  - Conceptualizing adult development.
AB  - On the premise that human development is a lifelong process, and with awareness
      of certain limitations of the stage model, the authors conceptualize a new model
      based on developmental process. This model is offered as a basic model for the
      development of mental functions and structures in both childhood and adulthood.

PMID- 3403910
TI  - Patients' responses to their own case reports.
AB  - We would do better ethically and scientifically if throughout the process of
      writing and publication, we let our patients review our reports of them.

PMID- 3403911
TI  - Writing about psychoanalysis: II. Analysts who write, patients who read.
AB  - When we make a decision to lecture, or to write for publication, we have begun an
      activity that will affect every one of our patients. If they attend our lectures,
      or read our published works, they cannot help being influenced. Even if they do
      not, they will have some reaction to the focusing of our interest on particular
      phases of the analysis. This will be true whether or not we intend to present
      clinical material. These considerations inevitably affect the analyst himself,
      sometimes inhibiting his writing altogether, sometimes constricting its scope, or
      worst of all, degrading its quality. The analyst's writing is also almost certain
      to influence whether and with what success his patient may choose to write. Lest
      these considerations suggest that we avoid writing altogether, I emphasize that
      such a sacrifice is by no means desirable or necessary. Problems of discretion
      will arise, and may in some cases be virtually insoluble; but there are ways of
      writing that can overcome most such objections. The analyst's interest in writing
      should be recognized and its effects, if any, brought into the analysis; so long
      as the writing itself is done with due regard to the conduct of the analysis and
      the welfare of the patient, it need have no adverse effects on either.

PMID- 3403912
TI  - Superego aspects of entitlement (in rigid characters).
AB  - Dynamic conflict among feelings of entitlement, defectiveness, and deprivation is
      discussed from the perspective of superego defense against dangerously aggressive
      (and sexual) wishes. These negative feelings and negative self-images are
      exploited so as to appease the superego in the face of one's hostile aggression:
      that one is justified, that there are extenuating circumstances for one's hatred
      and destructiveness. The "oral" clamor of deprivation and entitlement, together
      with dependency, submissiveness, and defensive uncertainty, serve a screening
      function for hostile aggressive wishes, from any developmental level. Typically,
      attitudes of entitlement are contradictory, unclear, and wavering, because of
      conflict between differing ego ideal images, and conflict between superego, and
      ego and id, about the sadistic extractiveness in these attitudes. Attitudes of
      entitlement are contributed to by past trauma, deprivation, abuse, teasing
      overstimulation coupled with neglect, or alternating indulgence and deprivation,
      as well as identification with certain parental attitudes--exploitation and
      extractiveness--and denial of the need for the superego to assess reality
      accurately.

PMID- 3403913
TI  - Psychoanalysis and the hermeneutic turn: a critique of Narrative Truth and
      Historical Truth.
AB  - Through a discussion of Donald Spence's Narrative Truth and Historical Truth, a
      critical introduction to the hermeneutic or interpretive perspective is
      presented. Spence's book has generally been assumed to offer a hermeneutic
      reformulation of psychoanalysis. However, its presuppositions are incompatible
      with fundamental tenets of contemporary hermeneutic thought, as expressed in the
      philosophies of Heidegger, Gadamer, and the later Wittgenstein. Spence's basic
      assumptions are classically empiricist and positivistic. His vision of human
      experience is essentially associationistic and Humean; it treats experience as
      involving two processes, the passive reception of raw sense data and a subsequent
      projection of meaningful interpretation. Spence advocates the gathering of brute
      data while denying or downplaying the epistemological value of theorizing and of
      interpretive understandings. These assumptions are contrasted with those of the
      hemeneutic philosophers. Unlike these philosophers, Spence tends to dichotomize
      coherence and correspondence theories of truth. As a result, he wavers between
      relativism (regarding therapeutic interpretations) and objectivism (regarding
      scientific knowledge).

PMID- 3403914
TI  - Concurrent individual and individual-in-a-group psychoanalytic psychotherapy.
AB  - This paper's thesis is that concurrent individual-in-a-group and individual
      psychoanalytic psychotherapy can be conducted in conformance with psychoanalytic
      principles of treatment as well as can individual psychoanalytic psychotherapy
      alone. American psychoanalysts have shown little interest in group psychotherapy,
      probably because of earlier criticism that transference is diluted by the greater
      reality of the therapist in group psychotherapy. This is a misconception
      extrapolated from the mirror model of dyadic analytic technique. The criticism
      was formulated during a period when that model was prominent and there was little
      awareness that the actual personal relationship between patient and analyst
      played an important facilitating role in the dyadic analytic process, including
      providing a basis for investiture of transference. Also, the criticism was based
      on one-session-per-week group psychotherapy, whereas concurrent individual-in-a
      group and individual psychoanalytic psychotherapy utilizes two group sessions
      plus one or two individual sessions per week, enabling a more intensive patient
      therapist relationship. Concurrent group and individual psychoanalytic
      psychotherapy constitutes a contribution to the widening scope of application of
      psychoanalytic treatment.

PMID- 3403915
TI  - On wandering terminology.

PMID- 3403917
TI  - On the writings of Arnold M. Cooper.

PMID- 3403916
TI  - Clinical understanding in classical psychoanalysis and in self psychology.

PMID- 3403919
TI  - Species differences in brain acetylcholinesterase and neuropathic target esterase
      response to monocrotophos.
AB  - The species differences in the neurotoxic and delayed neurotoxic potential of
      monocrotophos (MCP) were assessed by determining the in vitro inhibition of brain
      Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and Neuropathic target esterase (NTE) in rat, mice,
      chicken and pigeon. Based on I50 values, chicken brain AChE was found to be most
      sensitive to inhibition by MCP followed by rat whereas mice and pigeon were
      almost equally sensitive to AChE inhibition by MCP. The data on NTE inhibition by
      MCP in all the four species indicate the non-delayed neurotoxic nature of MCP.
      The results show that although there are many common features of the brain AChE
      and NTE of the four non-target organisms studied, certain species characteristics
      exist in their inhibition responses to MCP.

PMID- 3403918
TI  - Effect of organophosphorus (dimethoate) and pyrethroid (deltamethrin) pesticides
      on semen characteristics in rabbits.
AB  - The present study was undertaken to determine the effect of chronic treatment
      with two sublethal doses of Dimethoate (organo-phosphorus) or Deltamethrin
      (pyrethroid) on body weight and semen characteristics in adult male rabbits.
      Pesticide treatment resulted in a decline in body weight, libido, ejaculate
      volume, sperm concentration and semen initial fructose; and an increase in
      abnormal and dead sperm and methylene blue reduction time. In this regard
      Dimethoate showed greater effects than Deltamethrin. The hazardous effect of
      these pesticides on semen quality continued during the post-treatment period, and
      was dose-dependent. This deleterious effect on sperm formation together with the
      decline in libido suggest a decrease in testosterone secretion by pesticide
      treatment.

PMID- 3403920
TI  - Comparative radiographic analysis of congenital idiopathic talipes equinovarus
      (clubfoot) in infancy: a retrospective study.
AB  - Controversy exists regarding the quantitative use and predictive value of
      standard radiographs in the evaluation of talipes equinovarus in infancy. To
      address this issue, a comparative study of the three most commonly utilized
      quantitative radiographic assessment methods has been conducted. This study is
      retrospective in nature and consists of 56 congenital idiopathic clubfeet
      resistant to conservative treatment that required surgical correction. The
      results of this study indicate that the "Simons' standardized method of
      analytical radiography" of the infant clubfoot is the most clinically accurate in
      evaluating the type and degree of articular malalignments present, as well as
      predicting the status of the talonavicular joint prior to the ossification of the
      navicular. With this knowledge, it is then possible to institute the appropriate
      treatment regimen at an earlier age.

PMID- 3403921
TI  - Essex-Lopresti type II joint depression calcaneal fracture from a fall of
      eighteen inches.
AB  - A brief review of calcaneal fractures is presented with a case report of an Essex
      Lopresti type II joint depression fracture sustained from a vertical fall of 18
      inches.

PMID- 3403922
TI  - Austin bunionectomy: transpositional "V" osteotomy of the first metatarsal for
      hallux valgus.
AB  - The authors present results of their experiences with the Austin procedure in a
      group of patients approximately 24 months postoperatively. The overall patients'
      satisfaction rate was 96%. The overall clinical rating was 77%. Reasons for poor
      results were analyzed.

PMID- 3403924
TI  - Podiatric implications of psychogenic seizures.
AB  - Psychogenic seizures can mimic epileptic conditions and are often difficult to
      diagnose. The present study reviews one such unusual occurrence in a patient
      having a complex psychiatric history who required surgery for the removal of a
      ganglionic cyst in her foot. The differential diagnosis and treatment of
      psychogenic seizures is discussed.

PMID- 3403923
TI  - CO2 laser techniques in destruction of verrucae plantaris: discussion of the
      blister technique, a more complete method of wart ablation.
AB  - The popular "Cross-hatch" method of CO2 laser surgery is compared with the
      "blister" technique of verrucae destruction. The blister technique provides
      greater reliability of wart tissue destruction through better visualization of
      normal skin lines and verrucoid tissue. The procedure can be performed quickly
      and easily, and is less painful to the patient than other conventional methods of
      wart destruction.

PMID- 3403925
TI  - Macrodactyly and hemihypertrophy: a new surgical procedure.
AB  - Macrodactyly or megalodactyly is a rare congenital malformation of essentially
      unknown etiology. Treatment of this affliction is generally surgical and is
      dependent on the type of growth rate of the enlarged digit. Hemihypertrophy,
      another rare anomaly of development, describes an overgrowth of one half of the
      body. Hemihypertrophy, to our knowledge, has not been reported in the podiatric
      literature. A new surgical approach is discussed and presented in a patient with
      local digital gigantism and hemihypertrophy.

PMID- 3403926
TI  - Selection of podiatric surgical residents.
AB  - The actual process for selecting surgical residents is plagued with inadequacies.
      Two of those problems, namely the evaluation of the application and the interview
      itself, are addressed in this paper. An attempt has been made to standardize both
      in hopes of making the experience more objective.

PMID- 3403927
TI  - Etiology of Freiberg's disease: ? trauma.
AB  - Freiberg's disease is osteochondritis of the metatarsal head(s) commonly
      occurring in adolescent girls. The true etiology is unknown. The authors present
      a case precipitated by a form of folk dancing popular among British schoolgirls.

PMID- 3403928
TI  - Use of drains in foot surgery.
AB  - The purpose of this article is to describe how drains can be effective for foot
      surgeons. Emphasis is placed upon the closed-wound drainage system which was
      designed for outpatient surgery. Removing transudative or exudative fluids will
      promote the healing time of a wound that would otherwise delay tissue
      granulation. These drains eliminate dead space by exerting a negative pressure by
      means of a perforated catheter, tube, and reservoir. Edema is decreased, and
      layers of tissue are allowed to adhere faster. The portable closed wound drainage
      system removes drainage against gravity to allow faster rehabilitation.

PMID- 3403929
TI  - Lateral ankle sprains: evaluation and treatment.
AB  - The increased exposure of podiatric physicians to emergency room trauma,
      especially lateral ankle injuries, necessitates immediate knowledge to evaluate
      and treat this complex injury. The appropriate knowledge necessary includes the
      ability to recognize normal anatomy and variants from pathologic states, either
      osseous or soft tissue; the ability to perform specialized tests and their
      relationship to the clinical state; and, lastly, the ability to have at grasp
      various treatment modalities and the experience to initiate the proper treatment
      plan. The intent of this paper is, therefore, to present: normal anatomy of the
      lateral ankle and possible anomalies; mechanism of injury of lateral ankle
      sprains; performance of specialized tests, especially stress roentgenographs and
      arthrograms with examples of normal, normal variants, and abnormal findings; and
      a review of the literature of the present state of treatment, as well as the
      experience at our institution. Additionally, the authors hope to arrest the
      thought that a lateral ankle sprain is a simple soft tissue injury.

PMID- 3403930
TI  - Anterior tarsal resection (Cole osteotomy).
AB  - The topic of pes cavus has, for many years, been the object of much discussion,
      with numerous literary works dedicated to its etiology and treatment. Anterior
      tarsal resection was presented in the literature over 50 years ago. The authors
      describe a rationale for performing this procedure as well as other adjunct soft
      tissue procedures for the correction of a rigid anterior global cavus with its
      apex at the navicular cuneiform joint.

PMID- 3403931
TI  - Osteoid osteoma in the medial malleolus.
AB  - A case of osteoid osteoma in an unusual location is reported. The osteoma was
      diagnosed, and the nidus was localized to the anterior colliculus of the medial
      malleolus based on the clinical symptoms and on the findings in radionuclide bone
      scanning, tomography, and computerized tomographic (CT) scanning. After precise
      radiographic localization of the nidus, it was determined that the lesion could
      be excised surgically without compromising the ankle joint. The tumor was removed
      by en block excision and curettage. At 10 months follow-up, the patient was free
      of pain without impairment of function.

PMID- 3403933
TI  - Italian Society of Endocrinology. XXII national congress. Verona, June 15-18,
      1988. Abstracts.

PMID- 3403932
TI  - Tumor review. Liposarcoma of the ankle.
AB  - The author discusses liposarcoma of the ankle, a rare clinical entity, and four
      classifications of this disorder.

PMID- 3403934
TI  - The Israeli Study of Surgical Infections (ISSI): I. Methods for developing a
      standardized surveillance system for a multicenter study of surgical infections.
AB  - The postoperative wound infection experience in 11 Israeli hospitals was
      investigated with two objectives: (1) to utilize the variability among hospitals
      for a better understanding of the determinants of these infections, and (2) to
      present surgeons and infection control teams with information upon which they can
      take action. This article summarizes the methods that were applied to maximize
      the uniformity of information obtained from hospitals. (1) The same kind of
      patients were sampled in every hospital. (2) The data collection system was
      standardized, and analyzed for errors. The overall error rate was small (2%) but
      there were potential problem areas, such as missing information on underlying
      diagnoses (12%). Few errors (1%) were found in the nurses' observations of the
      wounds. (3) All wound infections were diagnosed in a uniform manner by convening
      a panel of four specialists at the central Israeli Study of Surgical Infections
      (ISSI) office. (4) The definition of infection that was finally chosen for this
      multicenter study had to be broadened to include, in addition to pus, "discharge
      other than pus," because of the higher reliability among panel members. This
      definition was also clinically valid in terms of morbidity. (5) The rate of
      postdischarge infections was estimated and was not found to be related to the
      discharge policies in the various hospitals.

PMID- 3403935
TI  - The Israeli Study of Surgical Infections (ISSI): II. Initial comparisons among
      hospitals with special focus on hernia operations.
AB  - In a study of 5,571 patients from the general surgery departments of 11 Israeli
      hospitals, the crude overall wound infection rates showed interhospital
      heterogeneity. The rates ranged from 6.3% to 12.4% (P(chi 2) = 0.039).
      Controlling for the different distributions of procedures performed in the
      various institutions did not reduce this variability. None of the hospitals had
      either consistently high or consistently low infection rates. A hospital could
      have low rates for one procedure and high rates for another. Therefore, the
      decision was made to proceed with procedure-specific analyses. This article
      details results of the analysis of 1,487 hernia operations. Four variables (old
      age, infection at another site, incarceration, and introduction of drains)
      accounted for almost all the differences in infection rates among the
      institutions. Of the four, presence of drains had the strongest association with
      infection (P derived from the logistic model less than 0.001). The risk was
      consistent in all hospitals and was unconfounded by other measurable factors. In
      contrast, the pattern of using drains seemed arbitrary and inconsistent, ranging
      from 9% of patients in one hospital to 41% in another. These findings were used
      as a basis for discussion with the surgical teams and for the initiation of a
      randomized clinical trial on the use of drains in hernia operations.

PMID- 3403936
TI  - Surgical complications related to insertion of penile prostheses with emphasis on
      infection and cost.
AB  - We initiated a prospective study of penile prosthesis implant surgery to evaluate
      risk factors for infection and other complications. Twenty-one patients admitted
      for surgery or related complications were evaluated over a seven-month period.
      The two types of penile prostheses implanted were (1) inflatable and (2) semi
      rigid. Nine of 21 patients (43%) developed postoperative complications. Although
      cephapirin and gentamicin were given prophylactically, four of nine patients had
      four wound infections and one case of pneumonia. One case of Bacteroides fragilis
      bacteremia was due to stool incontinency during surgery. In two of the wound
      infections, removal and reinsertion of the prosthesis was necessary. Other
      complications included hypotension during surgery, prosthesis malfunction and
      malposition, and urethral tears. There were no significant associations between
      infection and age, length of surgery, or type of prosthesis used. These
      complications contributed to prolonged hospital stay and readmission (87 extra
      days for the infected patients at a cost of $44,000). Antibiotic costs to treat
      the infections totaled $1,900. Prospective evaluation by infection control
      practitioners of various elective surgeries can be useful in quantitating the
      complication rate and targeting patients at risk, with the goal of minimizing
      hospital costs.

PMID- 3403937
TI  - Statistics for hospital epidemiology. General design and analysis questions.
AB  - In this first article of the series, we have listed a number of issues for the
      design and analysis of epidemiologic studies. In subsequent papers, we shall
      discuss methods appropriate for a variety of data from both retrospective and
      prospective studies. Methods of analysis will be described that will permit
      adequate control for stratification variables and adjustment for factors related
      to both disease and risk factor. When possible, we shall describe computer
      packages that will be helpful in carrying out the analysis. Our emphasis,
      however, will be on interpretation of the methods we describe.

PMID- 3403938
TI  - Infection control in Latin America.

PMID- 3403939
TI  - Nosocomial respiratory tract colonization and infection with aminoglycoside
      resistant Acinetobacter calcoaceticus var anitratus: epidemiologic
      characteristics and clinical significance.
AB  - During the period July 1983 through December 1984, aminoglycoside-resistant
      Acinetobacter calcoaceticus var anitratus (ACA) were isolated from 98 patients in
      a university hospital. Eighty-seven percent of patients (85/98) acquired
      aminoglycoside-resistant ACA in the intensive care unit (ICU) and 92% (90/98) of
      all initial isolates were from sputum. ICU patients with respiratory
      colonization/infection with aminoglycoside-resistant ACA were compared with
      matched ICU controls with other gram-negative rods in sputum. Compared with
      controls, the duration of ICU stay prior to colonization/infection with
      aminoglycoside-resistant ACA was significantly longer for cases (14.7 days v 5.9
      days, P = 0.002). Although exposures to devices and procedures were not
      significantly different for the two groups, cases received respiratory therapy
      significantly longer than did controls (14.7 days v 6.6 days, P = 0.006). Prior
      to isolation of aminoglycoside-resistant ACA in sputum, cases received more
      cephalosporins than did controls (1.9 v 1.2, P = 0.018); aminoglycoside usage in
      the two groups was comparable but cases tended to have received aminoglycoside
      for longer durations before colonization/infection than had controls (9.0 days v
      6.1 days, P = 0.08). Following sputum isolation of ACA, 6 of 22 cases developed
      ACA bacteremia compared with bacteremia in 2 of 22 controls. We conclude that
      factors predisposing to colonization/infection with aminoglycoside-resistant ACA
      were extended ICU care, prolonged respiratory therapy, and prior therapy with
      cephalosporins and aminoglycoside. In addition, ACA may be a more common cause of
      secondary bacteremia than previously appreciated.

PMID- 3403940
TI  - Hospital infection surveillance in the United Kingdom.

PMID- 3403941
TI  - Searchin'.

PMID- 3403942
TI  - Mortality rates as a quality indicator: a simple answer to a complex question.
AB  - Clinical, administrative, and information issues have been reviewed that may
      impact on the sensitivity of mortality rates as a quality indicator. It is clear
      that current technology cannot necessarily identify high-risk institutions
      through the use of abstracted discharge data. Furthermore, even if this screening
      capability is improved, verification of quality problems still requires detailed
      chart review. Quality of health care delivery will continue to be scrutinized by
      various groups, only some familiar with clinical risk adjustment and the actual
      process of care. In order to promote the accuracy and fairness of the review
      process, objective, outcome-based criteria for high-quality care must be
      developed for many clinical situations, and clinicians must continue to be
      involved in quality assessment.

PMID- 3403944
TI  - Medicines and road traffic safety.

PMID- 3403943
TI  - The drugs (medicines) driving situation in the UK.

PMID- 3403945
TI  - The international (mainly European) attitude to the drug driving problem-
      legislation and countermeasures.

PMID- 3403946
TI  - Road traffic safety and the pharmaceutical industry.

PMID- 3403948
TI  - Information for the driver.

PMID- 3403947
TI  - Driving and drug regulation.
AB  - The UK Licensing Authority, aided by advice from expert committees, has the
      statutory duty to evaluate new medicines in respect of quality, safety and
      efficacy. All drug applications in the EC must now be accompanied by a summary of
      product characteristics which includes a statement on the effects of the products
      on the ability to drive and operate machinery. Any claims or warnings made in
      this or other respects must be based on data resulting from scientific
      experiments and will appear in data sheets. Appropriate label warnings may also
      be required, in some cases imposed by the Labelling Regulations, such as the
      standard antihistamine warning. The use of package inserts to give further
      warning to the public is currently under study.

PMID- 3403949
TI  - General practitioner prescribing for the driving patient.

PMID- 3403950
TI  - Epidemiological methods in causal accident research.

PMID- 3403952
TI  - The psychopharmacological approach: effects of psychotropic drugs on car
      handling.

PMID- 3403951
TI  - A co-ordinated approach to the drugs and traffic safety problem.

PMID- 3403953
TI  - Are actual driving tests necessary for evaluating drug safety?

PMID- 3403954
TI  - The value of low speed, off-road driving tasks.

PMID- 3403955
TI  - A proposed investigation into drug impairment testing methodology.

PMID- 3403956
TI  - Evidence for eumelanin and pheomelanin producing genotypes in the Arabian horse.
AB  - The ultrastructural imaging of melanocytes coupled with analyses to detect sulfur
      containing melanosomes by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were used to test
      the hypothesis that the yellowish-red and black pigments found in Arabian horses
      result from pheomelanogenesis and eumelanogenesis, respectively. These procedures
      detected pheomelanosomes in follicles at the base of hairs in chestnut horses and
      eumelanosomes in follicles at the base of hairs in black horses. By analyzing
      tissue obtained by skin biopsy, these procedures also demonstrated that skin
      melanocytes in a chestnut horse produce eumelanosomes, and follicular melanocytes
      in the same horse produce pheomelanosomes. It was also shown that the type of
      follicular melanosome present in light bay horses is correlated with the color of
      the hair. The results of this study give experimental evidence for the Odriozola
      Adalsteinsson hypothesis that the e allele is responsible for the chestnut
      phenotype; they also give fine structure and chemical confirmation of the action
      of the A and E loci in the Arabian horse as currently proposed for the mouse and
      other mammals.

PMID- 3403957
TI  - Sex chromosome homology and incomplete, tissue-specific X-inactivation suggest
      that monotremes represent an intermediate stage of mammalian sex chromosome
      evolution.
AB  - Female mammals have two X chromosomes and males have a single X and a smaller,
      male-determining Y chromosome. The dosage of X-linked gene products is equalized
      between the sexes by the genetic inactivation of one X chromosome in females. The
      characteristics of the mechanism of X-chromosome inactivation differ in eutherian
      and metatherian mammals, and it has been suggested that the metatherian system
      represents a more primitive stage. The present study of monotreme sex chromosomes
      and X-chromosome inactivation suggests that the prototherian mammals may
      represent an even more primitive stage. There is extensive G-band homology
      between the monotreme X and Y chromosomes, and differences in the patterns of
      replication of the two X chromosomes in females suggest that X inactivation is
      tissue specific and confined to the unpaired segment of the X. On the basis of
      these results, we propose a model for the differentiation of mammalian sex
      chromosomes and the evolution of the mechanism of X-chromosome inactivation. This
      model involves a gradual reduction of the Y chromosome and an accompanying
      gradual recruitment of (newly unpaired) X-linked loci under the control of a
      single inactivation center.

PMID- 3403958
TI  - Microcomputer FORTRAN programs for calculating percentage points from t or F
      distributions.

PMID- 3403959
TI  - Blood ring: an early embryonic lethal condition in chickens.
AB  - Blood ring describes a lethal embryonic condition in chickens that is expressed
      between 48 and 66 h of incubation. The condition is characterized by the presence
      of uncoalesced blood islands, the absence of vitelline arteries, and a sinus
      terminalis engorged with erythrocytes. The disorder is inherited as an autosomal
      recessive trait. The recessive gene has been detected in three commercial
      populations of chickens with estimated gene frequencies ranging from 0.08 to
      0.16. Attempts to identify the mechanism for the blood ring gene's expression
      have so far been unsuccessful. The gene symbol blr is proposed for the recessive
      gene.

PMID- 3403960
TI  - Changes in melanin granules in the fox due to coat color mutations.
AB  - Hair samples from 11 different coat color phenotypes of the fox (Vulpes vulpes)
      were examined microscopically to determine the effects of several mutations on
      melanin granule color and distribution. Standard silver (b/b) causes the
      production of eumelanin rather than the phaeomelanin produced in wild-type red
      fox. Fromm brown (bf/bf) and Collicott brown (cb/cb) change the shape of the
      granules and convert eumelanin to brown and dark brown, respectively. The color
      dilution of Eastern Pearl (pe/pe) and Mansfield Pearl (pm/pm) is caused by
      clumping of granules in specific manners. Hairs from animals expressing more than
      one mutant gene, such as Amber (b/b pe/pe bf/bf), show the color and distribution
      of granules expected from interactions of independent loci.

PMID- 3403961
TI  - Abnormal clutch size in domestic pigeons.
AB  - A strain of racing pigeons has been obtained in which some hens occasionally lay
      the almost unknown clutch size of three eggs. This effect appears to be due to a
      simple recessive. Circumstances prevent serious research on the factor and birds
      are offered free to any workers able to make effective use of them, in order that
      this extremely rare factor not be lost.

PMID- 3403962
TI  - Production of YY rainbow trout males by self-fertilization of induced
      hermaphrodites.
AB  - Dietary administration of various estrogens for three months from swim-up stage
      resulted in excess of females, the remainder of the treated groups consisting of
      males and hermaphrodites. Mature hermaphrodites were self-fertilized or mated
      with standard males and females. These hermaphrodites and some of the estrogen
      treated females proved to be genetic males; the frequencies of males obtained
      from their ova averaged 76.6%, suggesting viability of the YY genotype. Four of
      nine tested males of those progenies provided all male offspring when mated with
      standard females.

PMID- 3403963
TI  - Mouse globin gene nomenclature.
AB  - A new system of nomenclature for haplotypes, genes, alleles, and mutant alleles
      in the mouse alpha- and beta-globin gene complexes was formulated at a meeting of
      workers in the field and is presented here.

PMID- 3403964
TI  - Multiple paternity in the loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta).
AB  - Genotypic ratios within clutches of loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) embryos,
      from the Mon Repos rookery (Queensland), deviate significantly from the Mendelian
      ratios expected on the null hypothesis of single paternity. One-third of all
      clutches provide evidence for multiple insemination, indicating that multiple
      mating constitutes the major breeding pattern for C. caretta. Clutches from two
      females indicate that C. caretta females may mate between nestings.

PMID- 3403965
TI  - Intrarenal distribution of exchangeable calcium in HgCl2-induced acute tubular
      necrosis.
AB  - We used autoradiography to localize 45Ca accumulated in vitro by rat kidney that
      had been injured by HgCl2 in vivo. HgCl2, 1 mg/kg, was administered IV to male
      Sprague-Dawley rats and nephrectomies were performed from 15 min-30 days later.
      Kidney slices were incubated in KRB buffer containing 2 mM 45Ca at 25 degrees C
      for 180 min. The 45Ca slice-to-medium concentration ratio (S/M) increased
      significantly from a control mean of 0.8 +/- 0.04 SD (n = 4) to 1.6 +/- 0.3 (n =
      4) after 1 day and reached 4.6 +/- 4.2 (n = 6) after 3 days. The serum creatinine
      increased more rapidly, from a control mean of 0.4 +/- 0.1 mg/dl to 0.7 +/- 0.1,
      3.3 +/- 0.2, 7.2 +/- 1.6 after 4 hr, 1 day, and 3 days, respectively.
      Autoradiographic localization of 45Ca was first evident in necrotic proximal
      tubule (PT) straight segments after 1 day and was maximal at 3 days. 45Ca uptake
      was increased by slice incubation with N2 instead of O2, but anoxia did not alter
      the intrarenal distribution pattern. Necrotic PTs showing 45Ca by autoradiography
      were also positive by the von Kossa stain. Autoradiographs prepared from paraffin
      or Epon sections showed the same intrarenal distribution of 45Ca as section
      freeze-dry autoradiographs. Increased tissue 45Ca was due primarily to uptake by
      nephrocalcinotic PT segments; 40Ca accumulated in vivo exchanged for 45Ca during
      in vitro incubation. The exchangeable intrarenal calcium observed in this
      autoradiographic study was due to HgCl2-induced nephrocalcinosis.

PMID- 3403966
TI  - Alpha naphthyl acetate esterase activities in guinea pig Kurloff cells: a
      cytochemical and electrophoretic study.
AB  - We established the presence of nonspecific esterases in the Kurloff cell (KC) by
      cytochemical methods at both light and electron microscope levels. Acid alpha
      naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) activities were localized on the external face
      of the plasma membrane and on the external surface of the membrane surrounding
      the Kurloff body. Different cytosoluble KC extracts were obtained from purified
      splenic KC suspensions. About 18 isoenzymes were observed by isoelectric
      focusing, whereas after polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis in native
      conditions almost all activity was observed on a few broad bands with very high
      apparent molecular weights, suggesting their oligomeric arrangement. After a
      first aqueous extraction step which released only a few isoenzymes, the remaining
      pellet was subjected to Triton X-100. This released almost all the isoenzymes
      observed after direct Triton X-100 extraction. These data suggest that almost all
      the KC esterases are membrane-bound enzymes, in agreement with the subcellular
      enzyme distribution. Different substrates were also used to characterize the
      different specificities of the KC isoesterases. Weak activity was detected with
      alpha-naphthyl butyrate by light cytochemistry, which essentially corresponded,
      on zymograms, to the membrane-bound esterase activity.

PMID- 3403967
TI  - Connective tissue of rat lung. II: Ultrastructural localization of collagen types
      III, IV, and VI.
AB  - We localized collagen types III, IV, and VI in normal rat lung by light and
      electron immunohistochemistry. Type IV collagen was present in every basement
      membrane examined and was absent from all other structures. Although types III
      and VI had a similar distribution, being present in the interstitium of major
      airways, blood vessels, and alveolar septa, as in other organs, they had
      different morphologies. Type III collagen formed beaded fibers, 15-20 nm in
      diameter, whereas type VI collagen formed fine filaments, 5-10 nm in diameter.
      Both collagen types were found exclusively in the interstitium, often associated
      with thick (30-35 nm) cross-banded type I collagen fibers. Occasionally, type III
      fibers and type VI filaments could be found bridging from the interstitium to the
      adventitial aspect of some basement membranes. Furthermore, the association of
      collagen type VI with types I and III and basement membranes suggests that type
      VI may contribute to integration of the various components of the pulmonary
      extracellular matrix into a functional unit.

PMID- 3403968
TI  - Chick osteoblasts contain fluoride-sensitive acid phosphatase activity.
AB  - We used histological and biochemical methods to determine the cellular origin of
      bone matrix fluoride-sensitive acid phosphatase in chicken bone. Embryonic
      chicken calvariae were embedded in plastic and sections stained for acid
      phosphatase at various concentrations of substrate and fluoride. Acid phosphatase
      activity was observed in osteoblasts and osteoclasts but not in fibroblasts.
      Striking inhibition of osteoblastic acid phosphatase occurred at 100 microM
      fluoride, a concentration that had no apparent effect on osteoclastic acid
      phosphatase. Inhibition of osteoblastic and osteoclastic acid phosphatase by
      fluoride was also examined using extracts of embryonic chicken calvarial cells,
      mouse osteoblasts (MC3T3-El cell line), and purified chick osteoclasts,
      respectively. Fluoride is a partial competitive inhibitor of both chicken and
      mouse osteoblastic acid phosphatases, with apparent inhibition constants of 10
      100 microM. These concentrations of fluoride correspond to those that increase
      bone formation in vitro and in vivo. In contrast, the apparent inhibition
      constant for fluoride of osteoclastic acid phosphatase was much higher (i.e., 0.5
      mM). In summary, this study demonstrates that chicken osteoblasts contain an acid
      phosphatase that is sensitive to inhibition by low concentrations (i.e., microM)
      of fluoride.

PMID- 3403969
TI  - Brain blotting: a method to detect multiple DNA copies in specific brain regions.
AB  - We developed a method to detect multiple DNA copies (both cellular and viral) in
      specific brain regions by blotting thick frozen sections onto nylon membranes.
      This was achieved by "printing" the frozen sections on standard blotting paper
      immediately after cryotome sectioning and performing blotting according to the
      standard Southern technique. A "replica" of the blotted section was obtained by
      keeping on the glass slide the next frozen section cut, which was then stained
      for conventional histopathological analysis and the cell nuclei counted to give
      an estimate of the total amount of DNA present in each section. The blotted
      membranes were then denatured and hybridized with a nick-translated Alu probe
      either at 42 degrees C with 50% formamide or at 68 degrees C without formamide.
      Brain sections from mice infected with Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV1), blotted and
      hybridized with a nick-translated HSV1 probe, clearly showed the focal nature of
      the Herpes simplex infection, which was also demonstrated immunohistologically
      using a virus specific antiserum. This method of DNA detection, conveniently
      modified, might also be used to detect nuclear and cytoplasmic RNAs in specific
      coronal sections of whole brain before localization at high power by standard in
      situ techniques.

PMID- 3403970
TI  - Phalloidin-gold complexes: a new tool for ultrastructural localization of F
      actin.
AB  - We used a phalloidin-gold complex to study the distribution of F-actin in the
      myxamoebae and macroplasmodia of the slime mold Physarum polycephalum. After
      incubation of Lowicryl- or Quetol-embedded specimens with this complex,
      significantly different labeling intensities were found over the various
      cytoplasmic and nuclear regions of the cells. The nucleoplasm was the most
      heavily labeled cell compartment, followed in decreasing order of labeling
      intensity by the cytoplasm, the nucleolus, and the chromocenters. The labeling
      observed over the latter area did not appear significantly different from that of
      the background. Sections incubated in the phalloidin-gold complex to which an
      excess of F-actin was added showed no significant labeling over any of the above
      mentioned cell regions. Other control experiments included incubation of the
      sections with a phalloidin solution followed by the phalloidin-gold complex, PEG
      stabilized colloidal gold, and a bovine serum albumin-gold complex. There was no
      or very little labeling of the preparations.

PMID- 3403971
TI  - The new monoclonal antibody (Mac 387) that reacts with macrophages on paraffin
      sections detects the well-known leukocyte L1 antigen.

PMID- 3403972
TI  - Remarks on the direct Schiff reaction of elastic tissue.

PMID- 3403973
TI  - FMRFamide-like immunoreactivity in brain and pituitary of Xenotaca eisenii:
      (Ciprinidontoformes, Teleostei).
AB  - FMRFamide-immunoreactive neurons were determined immunocytochemically by means of
      the PAP-technique for unlabeled antibodies. FMRFamide-containing perikarya were
      found in the frontoventral telencephalon, in the valvula and corpus cerebelli,
      and in the rostral and caudal medulla oblongata. FMRFamide immunoreactive cells
      were localized in the anterio lobe of the pituitary. FMRFamide fibres occurred in
      the bulbus olfactorius, in the anterior, medial and lateral parts of the
      telencephalon, in the commissura anterior, beneath the nucleus praeopticus,
      beneath the nucleus dorsomedialis, ventrolis and anterior tuberis as well as in
      the caudal hypothalamus, surrounding the nucleus recessus lateralis and
      posterior. In the mesencephalon, FMRF-amide-containing fibres appeared in the
      dorsal tegmentum, in the torus semicircularis and in the deep layers of the
      tectum opticum. In the rhombencephalon, only few fibres were found in the
      cerebellum but a strong innervation occurred in the ventrolateral and
      dorsolateral medulla oblongata. The present results are discussed with those of
      other teleost species.

PMID- 3403974
TI  - Scanning electron microscopical observations on telencephalon explants cultivated
      in vitro.
AB  - Telencephalon explants from 10 or 12 days old chicken embryos were cultivated 2
      days in vitro and investigated by SEM. Already at that day, nerve fibres forming
      thick fasciculi were observed in the outgrowth region of the explant. Neuritic
      growth cones of the filiforme, or lamellipodiale type were demonstrated as well
      as button-like dendritic growth cones. The cell somata of bipolar or multipolar
      neuroblasts and pyramidal neurons could be distinguished from those of
      astrocytes. Some nerve fibres establish axosomatic or axodendritic contacts,
      basket-like arrangements of axon terminals around small neuroblasts were found.

PMID- 3403975
TI  - [The volume of the cerebral ventricles in vertebrates].
AB  - The relative volume of the brain ventricles in Vertebrates decreases from fishes
      to mammals and from embryos to adults. The comparison of Chondrichthyans and
      Teleosteans shows that the high encephalization of the former is not only due to
      the difference between the relative volume of the ventricular spaces.

PMID- 3403976
TI  - Atypical glomerulization in the remnants of the olfactory bulb after bulbectomy.
      A light microscopic study.
AB  - Regeneration of olfactory axons after bilateral bulbectomy in adult rats leads to
      atypical localization of the newly formed glomeruli. These structures are
      localized in the remnants of the olfactory bulb either in the previously
      deafferented glomerular layer or between external plexiform and granule cell
      layers in the close vicinity of mitral cells.

PMID- 3403977
TI  - [Ependyma in sheep. 5. Ependymal lining of the cerebral ventricles using scanning
      electron microscopy].
AB  - In 10 ewes and 10 rams the ependymal surface of the brain ventricular system was
      examined by the scanning electron microscope. The surfaces of the ependymal cells
      in the upper third of the suprachiasmatic and infundibular regions of the III-rd,
      partly in the lateral ventricles are covered with dense cilia. A great part of
      the ventricular surface is covered with microvilli and thin cilia, which are
      formed into bundles. At certain sites e.g. on the cornu ammonis, suprachiasmatic
      and infundibular recesses, on the bottom of the aquaeductus mesencephali small
      foci without microvilli and cilia ("bare") can be observed. In the upper half of
      the suprachiasmatic region some of the cilia have button-like and in the cornu
      temporale in the lateral ventricle club-like terminations. The building of the
      ependymal surface in the infundibular recess in sheep depends on the sex; in the
      ewes it altered in correlation to the stage of the ovarian cycle and in the rams
      according to the season. Supraependymal cells were found only in ewes during
      estrus, in rams they were not found. According to the external morphology the
      supraependymal cells are divided into three groups.

PMID- 3403978
TI  - Homosexuality and neurosis: considerations for psychotherapy.
AB  - Though there is no correlation between mental illness and homosexuality, there
      are unique concerns that play a role in symptomatology and psychotherapy around
      neurotic and characterological issues in gay patients. Homophobia, both in the
      therapist and in the patient, external and internalized, is the significant
      "hidden" factor. Lack of training around transference and countertransference
      issues with gay patients and lack of teaching about homosexuality in training
      programs contribute to the difficulties encountered in psychotherapy with gay
      people. There are some problems and concerns specific to being homosexual that
      may bring patients to therapy: "coming-out," deciding on sexual orientation,
      desire to change orientation, and a unique "AIDS neurosis." The therapist needs
      to have an objective knowledge of the gay community and be willing to examine
      personal beliefs and reactions to work effectively with gay patients.

PMID- 3403979
TI  - The stigmatization of the gay and lesbian adolescent.

PMID- 3403981
TI  - Alcoholism and non-acceptance of gay self: the critical link.
AB  - As part of a larger research project designed to generate grounded theory on the
      nature of gay sobriety, this study was designed to explore the etiology of
      alcoholism among gay American men and how etiology is related to gay bars or non
      acceptance of gay self or both. In-depth interviews were conducted in Seattle,
      Iowa City, Chicago, and Oklahoma City with 20 gay recovering alcoholic men, each
      of whom had at least one year of sobriety. It was found that: (a) Gay bars were
      totally unrelated to the etiology in any of the informants, yet most thought that
      this gay bar ethnotheory could explain why there was a high incidence of
      alcoholism in the gay community; (b) none of the men saw being gay as a positive
      thing before sobriety, yet many didn't realize their non-acceptance until after
      sobriety was chosen; (c) accepting being gay as a positive aspect of self
      occurred only after sobriety was chosen and lived; and (d) not accepting being
      gay as a positive thing may therefore explain the etiology and thus the high
      incidence of alcoholism among gay American men.

PMID- 3403980
TI  - The borderline personality disorder and gay people.
AB  - This paper examines the diagnostic category called Borderline Personality
      Disorder (BPD) and its relationship to gay people. It discusses the
      psychoanalytic definition of borderline personalities, and to it adds a cultural
      definition. In the light of these cultural variables, the diagnosis is defined as
      a metaphor for the complexities and confusions of modern life. These confusions
      are important in the lives of gay people, who, it is suggested, are currently
      more prone to be diagnosed as BPD. Through the life study of a gay man, both the
      psychoanalytic and cultural variables are identified, then generalized to the
      problems of gay people in our transitional society.

PMID- 3403982
TI  - Ego-dystonic heterosexuality: a case study.
AB  - This study reports a case of a heterosexual male who was not psychotic and
      expressed a wish for a homosexual orientation. The psychodynamics of this patient
      are discussed, and the classification of ego-dystonic states discussed. It is
      concluded that DSM-III diagnoses should reflect underlying psychological
      disorders rather than sexual orientation.

PMID- 3403983
TI  - A pedosexual pedophile splitting and projective identification.

PMID- 3403984
TI  - Automated screening for micrometastases in bone marrow smears.
AB  - It is possible to detect micrometastases in primary breast cancer using
      immunocytochemical staining of bone marrow smears. However, using the light
      microscope the procedure is time-consuming and laborious because such cells occur
      rarely (less than 1 in 10,000). Using an image analysis system, the Leytas
      machine, and a specially prepared reproducible slide it has been possible to
      automate the technique. A 100% concordance was found between the machine and the
      light microscope in the identification of slides containing moderate to high
      numbers of tumour cells in bone marrow, and in those containing no tumour cells.
      However, in those slides containing low numbers of tumour cells (1-10 tumour
      cells/10(6) normal bone marrow cells) the sensitivity was decreased to 91%. In
      the presence of non-specific staining the false positive rate was increased from
      0% to 22%. This method represents a potential improvement in the assessment of an
      important clinical staging procedure.

PMID- 3403986
TI  - A rapid and ultra-simplified method for separating lymphocytes from blood.

PMID- 3403985
TI  - Solubilisation effect of Nonidet P-40, triton X-100 and CHAPS in the detection of
      MHC-like glycoproteins.
AB  - We have analysed the differential solubilisation effect of three detergents on
      cell-membrane histocompatibility glycoproteins. Two nonionic detergents (Nonidet
      P-40 and Triton X-100) which are extensively used in the extraction of MHC
      proteins and a zwitterionic detergent (CHAPS) which is sulphobetaine derivative
      of cholic acid were used. An AKR (H-2k) derived spontaneous leukaemic cell line-
      424--was used as the experimental model. In this tumour cell line a class I-like
      antigen is expressed but not directly detected by cell-binding radioimmunoassay
      or immunoprecipitation from NP-40 or Triton X-100 solubilised glycoproteins.
      However, 46 kDa and 12 kDa bands consistent with the classical H-2 class I
      pattern were seen by SDS-PAGE after immunoprecipitation with the 34.5.8 anti-H
      2Dd MoAb using CHAPS solubilised 424 glycoproteins. The H-2Dd-reactive molecule
      appears to be associated with at least one of the syngeneic class I specificities
      (H-2Kk, H-2Dk) and not accessible to react with the specific anti H-2Dd MoAb. The
      detergents NP-40 and Triton X-100 appear to be less efficient than CHAPS in
      breaking protein-protein interactions. This property of CHAPS permitted the
      adequate solubilisation of the novel antigen and its direct detection. The
      results of this study suggest that the alternative use of a non-denaturing
      zwitterionic detergent may contribute to the detection and characterisation of
      MHC-related, membrane-bound proteins of tumours and normal cells.

PMID- 3403987
TI  - IgA antigliadin antibodies detected by ELISA are not an artifact due to lectin
      like activity of gliadin.

PMID- 3403988
TI  - A diffusion limited reaction theory for a microtiter plate assay.
AB  - Calculations are presented describing the diffusion limited kinetics of a solid
      phase immunoassay in which reactants are immobilized at the inner surface of a
      cylindrical well. The calculations refer to an unstirred situation and simplified
      expressions are presented which can be used for calibration and optimization of
      the assay.

PMID- 3403989
TI  - A radioimmunoassay for an advanced glycosylation endproduct.
AB  - A competitive radioimmunoassay for an advanced glycosylation endproduct, 2-(2
      furoyl)-4(5)-(2-furanyl)-1H-imidazole (FFI) was developed. The immunogen was
      prepared by coupling of 4-furanyl-2-furoyl-1H-imidazole-1-hexanoic acid to
      keyhole limpet hemocyanin. The antiserum obtained by immunizing guinea pigs with
      the immunogen exhibited high affinity binding to FFI, but no cross-reactivity was
      observed for structurally related compounds containing an imidazole ring or furan
      ring(s). By using the radioimmunoassay, the levels of FFI in bovine serum albumin
      incubated with glucose for varying lengths of time were measured. A time
      dependent increase was obtained in the amount of acid-liberated FFI and
      fluorescence. The radioimmunoassay described here had satisfactory
      reproducibility as judged by the intra-assay precision of 3.4-6.4% and the
      interassay precision of 7.3-8.9%. The method allows to quantitate FFI on the
      modified proteins that have been implicated in the complications of diabetes and
      in normal aging as well.

PMID- 3403991
TI  - Non-competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for human apolipoprotein SAA or
      S.
AB  - Purified antibodies against human apolipoprotein S were used to measure apo S
      levels in human plasma by a sandwich ELISA technique. The method developed was
      highly sensitive and specific. A reliable calibration of a plasma standard was
      obtained by reassociating the purified protein with plasma HDL. A significant
      correlation (r = 0.69) was found between plasma apo S and CRP values. This
      correlation coefficient reached 0.97 when the plasma samples were selected
      according to additional clinical and laboratory criteria.

PMID- 3403990
TI  - An alternate method utilizing small quantities of ligand for affinity
      purification of monospecific antibodies.
AB  - An alternate method was designed to couple a limited quantity of protein to an
      affinity support when a conventional technique was unsuccessful. This was
      achieved through the introduction of a small number of sulfhydryl groups to the
      ligand by reaction with 2-iminothiolane which resulted in a limited number of
      reactive sites on the protein. Amino groups on an AH-Sepharose 4B matrix were
      linked to sulfhydryl groups on the ligand using the heterobifunctional agent m
      maleimidobenzoyl sulfosuccinimide ester (sulfo-MBS). This method was employed to
      prepare an affinity support using a cytosolic protein that activates
      glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase as a ligand. Monospecific antibody
      purified from the affinity column recognized only this protein on a Western blot
      of a cytosolic extract of kidney epithelial cells.

PMID- 3403992
TI  - Epidemiology of Clostridium difficile colonization in newborns: results using a
      bacteriophage and bacteriocin typing system.
AB  - We used a typing system based on bacteriophage and bacteriocin susceptibility to
      study the epidemiology of Clostridium difficile colonization of newborn infants.
      C. difficile was found in the stools of 30 (16.0%) of 187 infants who were
      screened. Increased length of stay in the nursery (P less than .001) and delivery
      by cesarian section (P less than .001) were associated with higher rates of
      colonization. The isolates initially detected from the environment and the
      infants were strain B1811-1700. Strain B1537/Cld7 became the predominant isolate
      obtained from the infants; positive cultures were also obtained from the
      environment and the hands of personnel who worked in the nursery and had strain
      B1537/Cld7. Our results suggest that the infants acquired C. difficile through
      transfer from the hands of hospital staff.

PMID- 3403993
TI  - Predictors of short-term prognosis in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.
AB  - We evaluated 191 consecutive adults with pulmonary tuberculosis in order to
      develop methods to determine which patients should be initially hospitalized.
      Using stepwise discriminant analysis, we found the six factors that were most
      strongly associated with an unfavorable short-term outcome (respiratory failure
      or death): lymphopenia, advanced age, concomitant smear-positive extrapulmonary
      tuberculosis, alcoholism, a high percentage of neutrophils on the differential
      white blood cell count, and lack of radiographic evidence of cavitation. We
      derived a scoring system incorporating these variables and separated patients
      into high- and low-risk groups. The system was prospectively validated by
      applying it to a separate group of 179 patients. Lymphocyte-transformation tests
      in 32 patients revealed an association between clinical markers of poor prognosis
      and minimal lymphocyte proliferation to a heat-killed strain of Mycobacterium
      tuberculosis.

PMID- 3403994
TI  - Estimating the dosage of ribavirin aerosol according to age and other variables.
AB  - We describe a method for estimating the dosage of aerosolized ribavirin according
      to age. The calculations were determined by using a computer model of particle
      deposition, and corrections are described for sex, body weight, fever, and
      tracheal intubation. Respiratory tract deposition in infants, after they inhaled
      an aerosol containing 200 micrograms of ribavirin/L, was 1.8 mg/kg per hour; in
      adults the deposition was 0.9 mg/kg per hour. Adolescent females and older women
      have less (7%/kg) respiratory tract deposition than do males. Fever will increase
      deposition about 9%/degree Centigrade (5%/degree Fahrenheit) for each degree of
      increase above normal temperature. Tracheal intubation will deliver relatively
      more drug to the lung and no drug to the nasopharynx. Our report shows the
      regional and total deposition of inhaled ribavirin aerosol in the respiratory
      tracts of persons in different age-groups from three months to 25 y.

PMID- 3403995
TI  - Active immunization with LD842, a plasmid-cured strain of Salmonella dublin,
      protects mice against group D and group B Salmonella infection.

PMID- 3403996
TI  - Recovery of Campylobacter species from homosexual men.

PMID- 3403997
TI  - Fatal measles pneumonia without rash in a child with AIDS.

PMID- 3403999
TI  - Fever in adult patients with acute bacterial meningitis.

PMID- 3403998
TI  - Surface markers of monocyte function and activation in AIDS.

PMID- 3404000
TI  - Serological reaction to Legionella pneumophila group 4 in a patient with Q fever.

PMID- 3404001
TI  - The perils of promiscuity.

PMID- 3404002
TI  - Intrauterine fetal death and the isolation of echovirus 27 from amniotic fluid.

PMID- 3404004
TI  - Abstracts from the fortieth annual meeting of the Scandinavian Society for
      Electron Microscopy. Bergen, Norway, June 1-3, 1987.

PMID- 3404003
TI  - Structure analysis of fibrinogen by electron microscopy and image processing.
AB  - Human fibrinogen was observed by electron microscopy following rotary shadowing
      with tungsten. Structure analysis of the molecules was performed by image
      processing of electron micrographs. A method is described for selection,
      alignment, and classification of molecules. The widely accepted overall
      trinodular structure of the protein was observed. The flexibility about the
      central domain of the molecule was quantitatively analyzed. A Gaussian
      distribution of this conformational parameter was obtained having an average
      corresponding to a maximally extended structure. Correspondence analysis applied
      to the aligned images showed that the degree of folding of the molecule was
      continuously distributed. The averaged structure of fibrinogen was estimated to
      be 450 A long. The central domain had a diameter of 50 A and the peripheral
      domains were 90 A long and 50 A wide. The latter regions had two separated maxima
      of scattering density.

PMID- 3404006
TI  - Phosphorus imaging of the 7-S ribonucleoprotein particle.
AB  - In this study an unprecedented demonstration of the detection sensitivity of
      electron spectroscopic imaging (ESI) is reported. This microanalytical technique
      is capable of forming elemental maps of a specimen with high sensitivity and
      resolution by forming images with electrons that have lost particular amounts of
      energy due to interactions with the atoms of the specimen. The 7-S
      ribonucleoprotein particle, composed of one molecule of 5-S RNA and one molecule
      of the 40K MW protein, TFIIIa, was used for this demonstration. As few as 120
      phosphorus atoms of the 5-S RNA have been detected and their localization in the
      particle determined. The shape of the 7-S particle is ellipsoidal with a long
      axis of 15.0 nm and a shorter axis between 8 and 9 nm. Similarly, the 5-S RNA is
      also an elongated structure located asymmetrically on one side of the particle.
      The average signal-to-noise ratio over the particle in the net phosphorus images
      is 14 whereas the ratio measured for the nucleosome containing 2.4-fold more
      phosphorus is 30.

PMID- 3404005
TI  - A long-range ordered structure in mitochondrial cristae revealed by a
      pathological structural modification.
AB  - An experimentally imposed 6-hr local ischemia in the anterior wall of the left
      ventricle in dog hearts leads to a structural modification of the mitochondria in
      the posterior wall with the cristae revealing a zig-zag pattern when viewed in
      cross sections. This pattern was found to reveal a change in the distribution of
      crista mass with an increase of mass at circumscribed regions in each crista
      membrane and a reduction of mass from the surrounding region in each crista
      membrane. The accumulation of mass contributed to the elevations that caused the
      zig-zag pattern. These elevations were distributed according to a tetragonal
      pattern with a periodicity of 850 A. The tetragonal pattern contributed by one
      crista membrane was translocated halfway along the diagonals of the tetrameric
      pattern of the other crista membrane within each crista. The change in mass
      distribution reveals differences in the strength of bonds that account for
      binding of the proteins to the cristae with strong bonds in the elevated regions,
      while enzymes less firmly bound are located in the surrounding region. The
      respiratory chain enzymes will then be located in the elevated regions and the
      soluble enzymes including the tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes will be located in
      the surrounding region. The tissue in the posterior wall was functionally
      impaired and normal function was restored when substrate for oxidative
      phosphorylation was added to the blood perfusing the tissue. It is concluded that
      the functional impairment is a consequence of a partial breakdown of the
      structural organization of the tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes. The discovery of
      a long-range structural order involving the entire cristae reveals that the
      enzymes of the multienzyme systems as well as those systems in the cristae are
      structurally highly organized and it excludes that the enzymes are randomly mixed
      and highly mobile.

PMID- 3404007
TI  - Proceedings of the third meeting of the International Association of
      Pancreatology. Verona, Italy, 1-2 September 1988. Abstracts.

PMID- 3404008
TI  - [A myelographic study of idiopathic scoliosis--with special reference to its
      clinical significance].
AB  - The purpose of this study was to investigate the concealed anomaly of the spinal
      cord in the so-called idiopathic scoliosis. Thirty-three patients with idiopathic
      scoliotic curvatures underwent metrizamide myelography before surgery from 1979
      through 1985. Spinal cord anomalies were found in 8 of the 33 patients (abnormal
      group). They were 3 patients with Arnold-Chiari malformation with syringomyelia,
      3 with syringomyelia and 2 with "narrowed dural tube". The remaining 25 patients
      (normal group) gave us the standard values for myelographic measurements with
      which we compared quantitatively the size of dural tube and spinal cord in the
      normal and abnormal groups. The abnormal group was classified into three types:
      type I was swollen spinal cord with normal dural tube; type II was swollen spinal
      cord with narrowed dural tube; and type III was normal spinal cord with narrowed
      dural tube. In conclusion myelography and myelographic measurements are essential
      for idiopathic scoliotic patients who will undergo spinal correction and fusion
      operations.

PMID- 3404009
TI  - [Bone maturation in scoliosis patients, comparison of the degrees of ossification
      of the iliac crest and carpal bone age].
AB  - The usefulness of the degrees of apophyseal ossification of the iliac crest and
      bone age as an index of bone maturation was compared in patients with scoliosis.
      Comparisons of Risser sign, bone age, and chronological age in 85 patients with
      idiopathic scoliosis showed a close correlation between Risser sign and bone age
      (R = 0.75, p less than 0.001). Scoliosis progressed after the appearance of type
      IV Risser sign in more patients than after the appearance of type V sign or a
      bone age of 16 years. There was no difference between the progress rate of
      scoliosis after the appearance of type V Risser sign and that after the bone age
      of 16 years. Risser V is defined by different signs according to the
      investigators. Some use the time of complete apophyseal fusion of the iliac
      crest, but others use the beginning of fusion. Therefore, bone age is thought to
      be a more useful index of bone maturation for a prospect of progress in
      scoliosis.

PMID- 3404010
TI  - [Three-dimensional architecture of the acetabular labrum--a scanning electron
      microscopic study].
AB  - The purpose of this study was to elucidate the structural and steric
      microstructural characteristics of the labrum acetabula and physiologic
      significance on hip-joint function by electron microscope. Acetabular specimens
      were taken from 18 monkeys and 26 humans and divided into three layers under a
      microscope. We found the most superficial layer was a thin membrane of fibernet
      made of collagen fibrils. The second, or superficial layer, had a stratiform
      structure 20 micron to 100 micron in thickness. The third, or the inner layer,
      covered the great majority of the labrum acetabula and was made of fiber bundles
      running parallel to the acetabular margin. There were also fiber bundles
      scattered in this layer which appeared to separate the labrum acetabula. Based on
      the structural and steric microstructural characteristics of the labrum acetabula
      it is thought that the physiological functions are carried out mainly by the
      inner layer and that dynamically the labrum acetabula was resistant to stretching
      and compression in a fixed direction along the acetabular margin, but vulnerable
      to shearing.

PMID- 3404011
TI  - [Radiological and histological studies on the growth of lumbar vertebra].
AB  - Maturation of the ring apophysis of lumbar vertebral body was studied
      radiologically and histologically. Investigations on the spine of rats revealed
      that the vertebral development completed within 24 weeks. Investigations on 22
      specimens extracted from human cadavers revealed that the time of appearance of
      secondary ossification center of the ring apophysis was at 13 years of age, and
      the time of fusion, however, was radiologically at the age of 17 years, and
      histologically at 24 years. Further radiological analysis from the adolescent
      lumbar vertebrae of 754 cases, on the other hand, revealed that the time of
      appearance was at 14.6 years of age in males, and at 14.0 years in females, while
      the time of fusion was at 17 years of age in both sexes. Thus, it is concluded
      that the ring apophysis is an important index of growth of a vertebral body which
      is conceivably completed at 17 years of age.

PMID- 3404012
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of lumbar CT assisted discography in comparison with human
      cadaver].
AB  - In order to estimate the clinical value of lumbar CT assisted discography (CTD),
      results obtained by this method were compared with histological findings of the
      cross section of the spine in fresh human cadavera. Based on these findings,
      preoperative CTD of lumbar disc herniation was investigated. In the discs of
      human cadavera, the contrast medium mainly invaded the fissures of nucleus
      pulposus and the ruptures of annulus fibrosus and then diffused to the
      surrounding tissues. These ruptures were classified into two categories: radial
      and circumferential. This identification was possible only in CTD and was obscure
      in the usual discogram. Not all the ruptures could be dyed in a severe
      degenerative disc, and a rupture which was not communicated with nucleus pulposus
      was not dyed in a mild degenerative disc. In the preoperative CTD of lumbar disc
      herniation, the posterior radial ruptures representing the route of herniated
      nuclei were characteristic and the circumferential ruptures were found
      complicated.

PMID- 3404013
TI  - [An experimental study of spinal cord traction syndrome].
AB  - An experimental study was carried out on the pathophysiology of spinal cord
      traction syndrome. In fifty dogs, spinal cord traction impairment was created by
      gradual lumbosacral cord traction. Physiological integrity of the spinal cord was
      monitored and recorded by the spinal evoked potentials. The earliest change of
      the spinal evoked potentials and lumbar roots potentials was transient
      augmentation of the amplitude. With greater traction force, the potentials
      gradually decreased in amplitude. The spinal cord vulnerability to compression
      was increased by spinal cord traction. Under 200 g traction, the vulnerability of
      the lower thoracic cord was most increased while those of the upper thoracic and
      lumbar cord were unchanged. The authors conclude that tethered cord syndrome is
      caused by the impairment of the spinal cord and lumbosacral roots due to
      traction, and that spinal cord traction not only causes spinal cord impairment
      but increases the spinal cord vulnerability to compression.

PMID- 3404014
TI  - Role of endogenous norepinephrine in microcirculation after experimental acute
      spinal cord injury.
AB  - The effects of endogenous norepinephrine on changes in spinal microcirculation
      after acute injury of the spinal cord were examined in rabbits. 6-hydroxydopamine
      (6-OHDA), which selectively destroys catecholamine neurons, was injected into the
      subarachnoid cavity of the rabbit spinal cord. Measurement of the intraspinal
      monoamine level revealed a decrease in the intraspinal norepinephrine level in
      the treated animals. Recovery from motor paralysis after compression at T-8
      occurred more rapidly in the treated than in untreated animals. The animals were
      observed with respect to 1) blood flow in the spinal cord, 2) intraspinal
      vascular permeability, and 3) edema of the spinal cord. In the untreated animals,
      vascular permeability increased and edema developed immediately after the injury.
      In the treated animals, however, both the increase in vascular permeability and
      the extent of edema were smaller. Our findings indicate that intraspinal
      norepinephrine plays an important role in the change of microcirculation after
      acute spinal cord injury.

PMID- 3404016
TI  - [An experimental study on recovery of lacerated muscles after repair].
AB  - We often encounter laceration of skeletal muscle in daily clinical practice, but
      few studies have been reported regarding structural and functional recovery of
      lacerated muscle after repair. This study used the lateral head of the
      gastrocnemius muscles of rats to evaluate the sequential healing processes after
      laceration. Electrophysiological study using a self-designed 8-channel arrayed
      multielectrode revealed recovery of the electrical conductivity of the muscle
      itself in all cases 8 weeks after operation. Histological specimens showed
      gradual regeneration of muscle fibers across the suture site, and in 8 weeks the
      suture site was filled with muscle fibers. The tension of the muscle also
      recovered by degrees, reaching 60% of that of the contralateral muscle 6 weeks
      after operation, but it remained at that level even after 6 months. This study
      showed the possibility of structural and functional recovery in a reunited
      muscle.

PMID- 3404015
TI  - [Experimental studies of titanium fiber metal implant for spine fusion].
AB  - For use as a graft in spine fusion, a titanium fiber metal implant (TFMI) from a
      woven pure titanium wire 250 micron in diameter was studied for its mechanical
      properties and biological fixation. Compression testing showed that the failure
      stress and modulus of elasticity of our implant closely resembled those
      previously reported fiber metals. It was, furthermore found that the pore-size
      distribution and mechanical properties of our TMFI were less variable than those
      of the products from kinked-and-cut wires. Repetitive-loading test showed a low
      permanent strain rate for TFMI, even with loads much greater than the failure
      stress of the vertebral body. Histologically and biomechanically, sufficient
      biological fixation was observed in the TMFI implanted lumbar vertebrae of adult
      mongrel dogs. According to these favorable results, TFMI could be an excellent
      biomaterial for spine fusion.

PMID- 3404017
TI  - [Pharmacokinetic analysis of intraperitoneal cisplatinum administration].

PMID- 3404018
TI  - [The role of radiation therapy in the management of esophageal cancer: an
      analysis on surgically resected cases].

PMID- 3404019
TI  - [Cystic cervical metastasis of squamous cell carcinoma prior to the detection of
      primary lesion in tonsil].

PMID- 3404021
TI  - [The histopathological effect of preoperative irradiation in adenocarcinoma of
      the periampullary region].

PMID- 3404020
TI  - [Estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor as a prognostic indicator of breast
      cancer].

PMID- 3404022
TI  - [Effect of calmodulin inhibitor on proliferation and doxorubicin-sensitivity in
      cultured cancer cells].

PMID- 3404023
TI  - [Experimental and clinical studies of nebulization chemotherapy in the treatment
      of lung cancer].

PMID- 3404024
TI  - [Antitumor effect of recombinant murine interferon-beta against mouse brain
      tumors].

PMID- 3404025
TI  - [A clinicopathological study on fluid electrolyte and renal disturbances in
      hematologic neoplasms].

PMID- 3404026
TI  - [Does myocardial infarction occur with only stenosis of the infarct-related
      coronary artery? From investigation on the changes in creatine kinase enzyme].

PMID- 3404028
TI  - [A case of tuberculous meningitis with marked contrast enhancement of the basal
      cisterns in computerized tomography].

PMID- 3404027
TI  - [A case of tuberous sclerosis with pulmonary involvement].

PMID- 3404029
TI  - [Case of autoimmune hemolytic anemia complicated by cryptococcal meningitis
      during therapy of neutropenia].

PMID- 3404030
TI  - [A case of peripartum cardiomyopathy].

PMID- 3404031
TI  - [A case of ischemic enterocolitis complicated by severe heart failure due to
      acute myocarditis].

PMID- 3404032
TI  - [A case of polymyositis with severe cardiac involvement preceding skeletal
      muscular lesions].

PMID- 3404033
TI  - [A case of essential thrombocythemia associated with splenic infarction].

PMID- 3404034
TI  - [A case of cretinism with elevated serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
      induced by pregnancy].

PMID- 3404035
TI  - [A case of multiple cerebral venous sinus thrombosis occurring in the first
      trimester of pregnancy].

PMID- 3404036
TI  - [A case of Wegener's granulomatosis associated initially with episcleritis and
      rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis and followed by a late onset of pulmonary
      involvement].

PMID- 3404037
TI  - [A case of plasmacytomas of the alimentary tract and bladder mucosa following the
      diagnosis of solitary plasmacytoma of bone].

PMID- 3404038
TI  - [A case report of a family with serum cholinesterase deficiency].

PMID- 3404039
TI  - [A case of allergic granulomatous angiitis (Churg-Strauss) associated with
      diffuse panbronchiolitis].

PMID- 3404040
TI  - [A case of erythropoietin-producing renal cell carcinoma].

PMID- 3404041
TI  - [Characteristics of coronary angiographic findings in diabetes mellitus and each
      type of hyperlipoproteinemia].

PMID- 3404042
TI  - [Nephropathies associated with rheumatoid arthritis. Abnormalities in urinalysis
      and renal function and their pathogenesis].

PMID- 3404044
TI  - [A case of adult-type citrullinemia].

PMID- 3404043
TI  - [Three cases of heat stroke or severe heat exhaustion occurring during running in
      students wearing heavy protector].

PMID- 3404045
TI  - [Relapsing polychondritis with neurological signs similar to
      dentatorubropallidoluysian atrophy].

PMID- 3404046
TI  - [Idiopathic hypoparathyroidism associated with hyperthyroidism].

PMID- 3404047
TI  - [Development of asymptomatic primary biliary cirrhosis in a patient with
      Hashimoto's thyroiditis and improvement of the liver disease by treatment of
      thyroiditis].

PMID- 3404048
TI  - [The first report of Klinefelter's syndrome associated with polymyositis].

PMID- 3404049
TI  - [A case with various manifestations of Prader-Willi syndrome associated with
      irregular menses].

PMID- 3404050
TI  - [A case of thyroid crisis complicated with acute hepatic failure].

PMID- 3404051
TI  - [A case of Conn's syndrome improving after adrenal extravasation].

PMID- 3404052
TI  - [A case of infected endocarditis with adult respiratory distress syndrome].

PMID- 3404054
TI  - Consultation in special education.

PMID- 3404055
TI  - Basic research and the treatment of learning disabilities.

PMID- 3404053
TI  - [Treatment of severe aplastic anemia with antilymphocyte globulin].

PMID- 3404056
TI  - Definitional and theoretical issues and research on learning disabilities.

PMID- 3404057
TI  - Learning disabilities research: the need, the integrity, and the challenge.

PMID- 3404059
TI  - Instruction in basic and applied research.

PMID- 3404058
TI  - Applied research and metatheory in the context of contemporary cognitive theory.

PMID- 3404060
TI  - Contextualism as an alternative worldview of learning disabilities: a response to
      Swanson's "Toward a metatheory of learning disabilities".

PMID- 3404061
TI  - The case for balance: a reply to Swanson.

PMID- 3404062
TI  - The futile search for a theory of learning disabilities.

PMID- 3404063
TI  - Comments, countercomments, and new thoughts.

PMID- 3404064
TI  - Developing faculty understanding of college students with learning disabilities.

PMID- 3404065
TI  - Children with learning disabilities: social goals and strategies.

PMID- 3404066
TI  - The effects of K-ABC-based remedial teaching strategies on word recognition
      skills.

PMID- 3404067
TI  - Factors associated with arithmetic-and-reading disability and specific arithmetic
      disability.

PMID- 3404068
TI  - Long-term cultivation of functional human macrophages in Teflon dishes with serum
      free media.
AB  - Reported herein are the results of studies demonstrating the utility of a
      chemically defined, serum-free medium designated as AIM-V (GIBCO) for the long
      term (greater than 2 weeks) cultivation of functionally-defined human
      macrophages. The AIM-V medium is a mixture of HEPES-buffered Dulbecco's Modified
      Eagle Medium and Ham's Nutrient Mixture F12 that had been supplemented with
      purified human albumin, transferrin, insulin, and a proprietary mixture of
      purified factors. Nonadherent macrophages for serial studies were generated in
      petri dishes with a Teflon liner that had been seeded with a heterogeneous
      population of peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy human adults. For
      comparison, cultures were initiated with serum-free medium AIM-V and medium
      supplemented with AB/Rh+ serum or freshly collected autologous serum. Viability
      was defined by trypan blue dye, glass adherence, and phagocytosis of yeast.
      Macrophages were characterized by light microscopy, cytochemistry, and phenotypic
      analysis. Ultrastructural morphology was defined by scanning electron microscopy.
      These studies demonstrate that functionally defined human macrophages can be
      sustained in long-term culture with the use of serum-free medium that has not
      been augmented with mitogenic stimulants, growth-promoting lymphokines/monokines,
      or differentiation-inducing agents. Serum-free medium AIM-V, which has been
      approved for generating lymphokine, (i.e., interleukin-2; IL-2)-activated killer
      cells (LAK) for IL-2/LAK adoptive immunotherapy modalities, may also prove useful
      for studies defining and isolating regulatory proteins produced by activated
      monocytes and macrophages and for generating cytolytic macrophages for different
      antitumor regimens.

PMID- 3404069
TI  - An improved method for the isolation of eosinophilic granulocytes from peripheral
      blood of normal individuals.
AB  - A simple and improved procedure is described for the isolation of human
      eosinophils from normal individuals with about 2% eosinophils in their peripheral
      blood. This method comprises a preincubation of a mixed granulocyte preparation
      with 10 nM fMLP for 10 min at 37 degrees C followed by a one-step density
      centrifugation on isotonic Percoll. The recovery of eosinophils is 49 +/- 4% at
      89 +/- 4% purity. Because of the relatively high rate of recovery, it is now
      possible to isolate eosinophils from blood samples as small as 20 ml. Because
      treatment with fMLP may alter the functional activity of the eosinophils, the
      following metabolic functions were tested: changes in cytosolic free Ca2+, oxygen
      consumption, chemiluminescence, chemotaxis, and leukotriene C4 formation. We
      found that 10 nM fMLP does not activate eosinophils in these assays, whereas 1
      microM fMLP does (with the exception of chemotaxis). Furthermore, pretreatment of
      eosinophils with 10 nM fMLP did not influence the response to other stimuli in
      these assays. The usefulness of this method was evaluated by comparing it with
      three other previously described procedures. In our hands, only the method
      presented here enabled us to isolate eosinophils from normal individuals with
      about 2% eosinophils in their peripheral blood.

PMID- 3404070
TI  - Regular systems of inbreeding.
AB  - Regular systems of inbreeding with discrete, nonoverlapping generations and the
      same number of individuals and mating pattern in every generation are studied.
      The matrix Q that specifies the recursion relations satisfied by the
      probabilities of identity is expressed in terms of the matrix M that describes
      the mating system. Necessary and sufficient conditions for convergence to genetic
      uniformity are given, and it is determined which probabilities of identity
      approach one. If the mating system has certain symmetries and these are imposed
      initially, then a matrix R, of lower dimension than Q, specifies the recursion
      relations. For such a mating system, for generic initial conditions, the
      condensed matrix R suffices for determining whether convergence to uniformity
      occurs and which probabilities of identity approach one. If Q is irreducible, the
      maximal eigenvalue of R is the same as that of Q. If Q is also aperiodic, this
      implies that the asymptotic rate of convergence to homogeneity of the condensed
      system is the same as that of the complete one. The above results apply to
      autosomal loci in monoecious (with or without selfing) and dioecious populations
      and to X-linked loci. As an example, all the eigenvalues and right and left
      eigenvectors of Q for circular mating are found.

PMID- 3404072
TI  - Fluid mechanical valving of air flow in bird lungs.
AB  - The unidirectional flow through the gas-exchanging bronchi of bird lungs is known
      to be effected by (1) the structure of the major bronchi and (2) a pressure
      difference between the cranial and caudal air sacs. To study the effects of
      bronchial structure, simple physical models of bird lungs were constructed. They
      suggested that, to achieve unidirectional flow, air in the caudal portion of the
      primary bronchus must be directed towards the orifices of the mediodorsal
      bronchi. To study the effect of air sac pressures, a controllable pressure
      difference was produced between the air sac orifices of fixed duck lungs. The
      cranial orifices had a higher pressure than the caudal ones during inhalation and
      vice versa during exhalation. There was a set of pressure differences for which
      the paleopulmo received the same flow rate during inhalation as during
      exhalation. High pressure differences caused more flow in the paleopulmo during
      exhalation than during inhalation; low pressure differences had the converse
      effect.

PMID- 3404071
TI  - Harvesting under density-dependent mortality and fecundity.
AB  - The problem of optimal harvesting in equilibrium is considered in a Leslie matrix
      model in which both mortality and fecundity in all age-classes may be density
      dependent. The conclusion is that the optimal strategy is of the two-age-class
      type, in common with results obtained previously for simpler models.

PMID- 3404073
TI  - Induction of potential for sperm motility by bicarbonate and pH in rainbow trout
      and chum salmon.
AB  - Spermatozoa of rainbow trout and chum salmon, which have no potential for
      motility in the testis, acquire that potential in the sperm duct. This paper
      demonstrates that there is little difference between the levels of sodium,
      potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride and osmolality of the seminal plasma in
      the testis and in the sperm duct. However, the bicarbonate concentration of the
      seminal plasma and the pH value of semen were higher in the sperm duct than in
      the testis. When immotile spermatozoa obtained from the testis were incubated in
      artificial seminal plasma with a high pH and containing HCO3-, spermatozoa became
      motile within 1 h. These results suggest that spermatozoa of salmonid fish
      acquire the potential for motility as a result of the increase in seminal
      bicarbonate concentration and pH that occurs as spermatozoa pass from the testis
      to the sperm duct.

PMID- 3404074
TI  - The aerobic cost of saltatory locomotion in the fowler's toad (Bufo woodhousei
      fowleri).
AB  - Studies of kangaroos suggest that hopping provides energy savings during
      locomotion at high speeds, although studies of small mammals suggest that hopping
      is no more economical than running. To obtain comparative data on anurans, we
      exercised Fowler's toads (Bufo woodhousei fowleri, 25.8 g) on treadmills at
      speeds ranging from 0.09 to 0.63 km h-1 while measuring oxygen consumption (VO2),
      endurance or hop kinematics. The toads walked at slow speeds and hopped at fast
      speeds. Steady-state VO2 (VO2,ss) increased linearly with speed to a maximum
      (VO2, max) of 1.17 ml O2 g-1 h-1 at 0.27 km h-1 and was nine times the average
      pre-exercise VO2. The maximum rate of oxygen consumption during treadmill
      exercise was comparable to VO2,max previously reported for less natural exercise
      regimes. At speeds greater than or equal to 0.27 km h-1, VO2,ss was independent
      of speed. At speeds less than or equal to 0.36 km h-1, toads moved for over 1h,
      but endurance decreased sharply at higher speeds. Hop rate, hop length, hop
      height and angle of take-off increased with speed. Hopping in B.w. fowleri was
      not less costly than running in other animals of similar body size and was
      inefficient at converting metabolic to mechanical energy. The present study
      suggests that hopping in toads, as in small mammals, is not economical during
      sustained locomotion and is most important during short bursts of high-intensity
      activity.

PMID- 3404075
TI  - The adrenergic responses of carp (Cyprinus carpio) red cells: effects of PO2 and
      pH.
AB  - Carp (Cyprinus carpio) red cells do not show beta-adrenergic responses when
      incubated with 10(-5) mol l-1 adrenaline at atmospheric oxygen tension and a pH
      value close to the in vivo resting pH (approx. 8.1). However, when either the pH
      or the oxygen tension of the incubation medium is decreased, the adrenergic
      responses appear, showing that oxygen or an oxygen-linked phenomenon has a direct
      influence on the response. Once present, the adrenergic red cell response is
      similar to that of trout: cellular water content, sodium content and
      intracellular pH all increase. Quantitatively the effect appears to be much
      smaller in carp than in trout. Adrenaline induces an increase in red cell oxygen
      content when the oxygen content is plotted as a function of extracellular pH.
      This effect coincides with the onset of the Root effect and is caused by the
      adrenaline-induced increase in intracellular pH, since it disappears when the
      oxygen content is plotted as a function of intracellular pH. The red cell ATP
      content decreases metabolically during adrenaline incubations. In contrast,
      cellular GTP content is not metabolically reduced in adrenaline-treated cells,
      showing that the rapid and selective decrease in red cell GTP concentration,
      observed in hypoxic cyprinids, is not adrenergically induced.

PMID- 3404076
TI  - Quantitative analysis of resting membrane electrogenesis in insect (diptera)
      skeletal muscle. I. Intracellular K+, Na+ and Cl- activities, measured using
      liquid ion-exchanger and neutral ion-carrier microelectrodes.
AB  - Electrophysiological properties of skeletal body-wall muscles of prepupal
      Calliphora erythrocephala were investigated using double-barrelled intracellular
      ion-sensitive microelectrodes. The most realistic estimate of the intracellular
      K+ activity, obtained using K+-sensitive microelectrodes based on a neutral
      carrier, was 115 mmoll-1. The K+ equilibrium potential was consistently more
      negative than the prevailing resting potential, the average difference being -15
      mV. The intracellular Na+ activity and the Na+ equilibrium potential were 7 mmoll
      1 and +46 mV on average, respectively. The mean value of the intracellular Cl-
      activity was 40 mmoll-1, and this was apparently higher than that required for
      passive distribution of Cl-. However, when reversibly exposed to a Ringer
      containing no Cl-, cells could rapidly exchange most of their intracellular Cl-,
      although the resting membrane potentials were only transiently affected. It is
      concluded that an anionic interferent exists inside muscles, that this
      artefactually elevates the measured intracellular Cl- activities, and that Cl-
      makes no contribution to resting membrane electrogenesis.

PMID- 3404078
TI  - Control of cercal position during flight in the cockroach: a mechanism for
      regulating sensory feedback.

PMID- 3404077
TI  - Quantitative analysis of resting membrane electrogenesis in insect (diptera)
      skeletal muscle. II. Testing of a model involving contributions from potassium
      and sodium ions, and the anomalous effect of reducing extracellular sodium.
AB  - A model of resting membrane electrogenesis in skeletal muscles of prepupal
      Calliphora erythrocephala was formulated. From experiments in which reversible
      effects of changing extracellular K+ and Na+ activities on the membrane potential
      (EM) were measured, three different values of alpha (the ratio of the partial
      permeabilities of the membrane to Na+ and K+) were derived, each from a different
      range of extracellular Na+ and K+ activities. Two independent tests were carried
      out to determine the most realistic value of alpha. Intracellular K+ and Na+
      activities and EM values were measured in a population of cells, and the EM
      values predicted using the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation for different values of
      alpha. The best fit for the data was obtained for alpha = 0.036. In ionic
      substitution experiments, in which passive movements of Cl- were prevented or
      minimized, the changes in EM around the resting level could be explained with a
      high degree of accuracy by assuming again that alpha = 0.036. However, tests of
      the model by investigation of direct effects of reducing extracellular Na+
      concentration over a wide range of EM values gave an anomalous result. In low-Na+
      Ringer, EM values became more positive than the respective resting levels. The
      anomalous effect of low-Na+ Ringer on EM did not involve a change in the K+
      equilibrium potential. Instead, it was probably due to a reduction in the K+
      permeability of the membrane. Possible mechanisms underlying this effect are
      discussed.

PMID- 3404079
TI  - The effects of thermally induced activity in vivo upon the levels of sodium,
      chlorine and potassium in the epithelia of the equine sweat gland.

PMID- 3404080
TI  - The effect of breathing oxygen and air on diving bradycardia in cormorants
      (Phalacrocorax auritus).

PMID- 3404081
TI  - Excitation and inhibition in unblocking.
AB  - In four experiments the nature of learning established with unblocking procedures
      in the appetitive conditioning of rats was examined. Measures of learning
      included response topography, effects of selective satiation, and summation and
      retardation tests of conditioned inhibition. One cue (A) was first paired with
      either a single unconditioned stimulus event, US1, or a sequence of two events,
      US1----US2. US2 was either qualitatively similar to (US2-Same) or different from
      (US2-Diff) US1. Then, a compound of A and a novel cue (X) was reinforced with US1
      or US1----US2. Conditioning to X was blocked if either the single US1 or the US1-
      --US2 sequence was used in both phases. If X accompanied an upshift in the
      reinforcer, from US1 to US1----US2, it acquired conditioned responding,
      especially when US2-Diff was used. Responding in the latter case was the
      consequence of both X-US1 and X-US2 associations. In Experiments 1-3, if X
      accompanied a downshift from US1----US2-Same to US1, it acquired conditioned
      responding that was based on X-US1 associations, but if it accompanied a
      downshift from US1----US2-Diff to US1, it acquired conditioned inhibition based
      on X-US2 associations. In Experiment 4, X acquired net inhibition at short US1
      US2 intervals and net excitation at longer intervals, with downshifts from either
      US1----US2-Same or US1----US2-Diff to US1. However, the interval gradient was
      broader with downshifts from US1----US2-Diff. These data, and several other
      contradictory findings in the unblocking literature, are consistent with the
      views that (a) the surprising addition or deletion of US2 in unblocking
      experiments both facilitates the acquisition of excitatory X-US1 associations and
      establishes either excitatory or inhibitory, respectively, X-US2 associations,
      and (b) that the gradient of X-US1 facilitation is broader than that of X-US2
      association.

PMID- 3404082
TI  - Effect of changing the unconditioned stimulus on appetitive blocking.
AB  - In four experiments we examined the effects of changing the unconditioned
      stimulus (US) on appetitive blocking. In Experiments 1A, 1B, and 2 we established
      that substituting food for water, or water for food, in the compound stage did
      not attenuate blocking relative to groups that received the same US throughout
      conditioning. Experiment 3 showed that satiation with the US used prior to
      compound conditioning with a different US does not affect blocking. Experiment 4
      revealed that changing the location of US delivery, as well as the quality of the
      US, also leaves blocking unaffected. It is suggested that these results
      demonstrate that blocking occurs, provided that there is no change in the
      affective properties of the US.

PMID- 3404084
TI  - Inescapable shock and attention to internal versus external cues in a water
      discrimination escape task.
AB  - In these experiments we examined discrimination learning in a water escape task
      following exposure to escapable, yoked inescapable, or no electric shock.
      Inescapable shock did not have an effect on swim speeds in any of the
      experiments. Inescapable shock interfered with the acquisition of a position
      (left-right) discrimination when an irrelevant brightness cue (black and white
      stimuli) was present. However, inescapable shock did not affect the acquisition
      of the position discrimination when the irrelevant brightness cue was removed.
      Inescapably shocked subjects showed facilitated learning relative to escapably
      shocked and nonshocked subjects when the brightness cue was included as a
      relevant cue. These data may resolve discrepancies between studies that did, and
      did not, find inescapable shock to interfere with the acquisition of
      discriminations. Moreover, they point to attentional processes as one locus of
      the cognitive changes produced by inescapable shock and suggest that exposure to
      inescapable shock biases attention away from "internal" response-related cues
      toward "external" cues.

PMID- 3404083
TI  - The orienting response as an index of stimulus associability in rats.
AB  - The strength of the orienting response (OR) to a light and its associability was
      studied in three experiments. In Experiment 1, three groups of rats received
      serial conditioning in which the light served as the first element of a serial
      compound. For Group Diff the light was followed by a conditioned stimulus (CS) of
      10-s duration on some trials and by a different CS of 30-s duration on others.
      For the other groups, the light was also followed by different stimuli, but these
      had equivalent durations. This procedure resulted in a stronger OR toward the
      light in Group Diff than in either of the other groups. In Experiments 2 and 3
      the OR was stronger to a light that was followed by a 10-s CS on some trials and
      by a 30-s CS on others than to one that was followed by different CSs that were
      both randomly either 10 s or 30 s. Following this training, both excitatory and
      inhibitory conditioning with the light was faster in those groups for which the
      light elicited a strong rather than a weak OR. These results are most readily
      explained by the proposal that the strength of the OR toward a CS is determined
      by the accuracy with which the value of its immediate consequences can be
      predicted and that this OR can be used as an index of the associability of the
      CS.

PMID- 3404085
TI  - Surface tension properties of human urine: relationship with bile salt
      concentration.
AB  - The surface tension of urine has been simply and rapidly measured using two
      methods, the DuNouy ring detachment method and the Wilhelmy blade immersion
      method. The methods agree, the correlation coefficient, r, was 0.992. The effect
      of ageing of the surface, of storage, of temperature, pH, dilution and albumin on
      urine surface tension are described. Volume corrected 24 hour urine surface
      tensions from 6 volunteers over 12 or more days showed variations between
      individuals of mean surface tensions of 6 mN/m (S.D. +/- 2.16 mN/m). This
      suggests individual variation in excretion of surface active agents, probably
      bile salts. This was confirmed by further studies which showed that: 1. Surface
      tension of urines and rediluted extracts were not significantly different when
      amphiphilic and hydrophobic solutes including bile salts were extracted from
      urine and subsequently rediluted in water of the same volume. 2. Bile salt
      concentration in urine measured by RIA and by enzymatic spectrofluorometric
      methods correlated well with urine surface tension, r = -0.91, and r = -0.60. 3.
      Molecular surface area for urinary surfactant was 79 A2 similar to pure
      conjugated bile salt solutions calculated from dilution studies. We conclude that
      the main determinant of urine surface tension is bile salt concentration.

PMID- 3404086
TI  - Measurement of total serum protein by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy.
AB  - This study describes the measurement of total protein in serum by near-infrared
      reflectance spectroscopy. With an algorithm, generated by the calibration
      procedure, the protein content of serum samples was calculated from absorbance
      data at various wavelengths in the near-infrared. A good correlation (r = 0.993)
      was found between near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy measurement of serum
      protein and analysis by the biuret reaction.

PMID- 3404087
TI  - Assessment of vitamin B1, B2 and B6 status by coenzyme activation of red cell
      enzymes using a centrifugal analyser.
AB  - We describe a fully automated method for the assessment of vitamin B1, B2 and B6
      status using a centrifugal analyser. The activation of the red cell enzymes
      transketolase, glutathione reductase and aspartate aminotransferase) by their
      respective coenzymes were measured in freshly prepared haemolysate. The enzyme
      catalytic activities in the sample were measured with (maximal activity) and
      without (basal activity) the coenzyme, and the percentage activation was
      calculated. The between run precision for red cell transketolase, glutathione
      reductase and aspartate aminotransferase were 8.5%, 10.3% and 9.5% respectively.
      When whole blood was stored at room temperature for 6 hours, red cell aspartate
      aminotransferase activity significantly decreased (n = 10, p less than 0.05).
      There were no significant changes in the activities of the other two enzymes. For
      a group of 30 healthy young subjects, the mean (standard deviation) values for
      the percentage activation of transketolase, glutathione reductase and aspartate
      aminotransferase were 11.9% (7.3), 35.1% (19.1) and 85.3% (18.0), respectively.
      The vitamin status of a group of 86 pregnant women was assessed by this method;
      2.3%, 8.1% and 8.1%, respectively, of the pregnant women showed a higher
      percentage activation for transketolase, glutathione reductase and aspartate
      aminotransferase than that found in the young subjects. Both groups correlated
      well with respect to the basal activity and the percentage activation of each
      enzyme. Basal activity was inversely proportional to the percentage activation.
      It is therefore suggested that the basal activity can be used as a second
      criterion in the assessment of vitamin status.

PMID- 3404088
TI  - Plasma haemoglobin determination using chlorpromazine as a non-carcinogenic
      reagent.
AB  - Plasma haemoglobin was assayed with the non-carcinogenic reagent phenothiazine.
      This method is sensitive and allows the measurement of plasma haemoglobin
      concentrations in the range 4-500 mg/l with a within-run CV of 2.1%, and a
      between-run CV of 4.3%. A spectrophotometric scanning method (x) based on the
      determination of haemoglobin as haemiglobin cyanide using the Soret band at 419
      nm correlated well with the phenothiazine method (y): y = 1.07x + 15.8, r =
      0.995, n = 31. It was found that the absorbances in the phenothiazine method were
      markedly dependent on the concentration of phosphoric acid.

PMID- 3404089
TI  - [A semiquantitative rapid test for cysteine: possible use for monitoring the
      ascorbic acid therapy in cystinuria and cystine lithiasis].
AB  - A semiquantitative method is presented for the determination of cysteine in
      urine, based on the formation of a red cysteine/nitroprusside salt. The method is
      suitable as a rapid test for checking the progress of ascorbic acid therapy of
      cystinuria and cystine urolithiasis. It guarantees acceptable reproducibility of
      values and can be easily carried out in any clinical chemical laboratory. With
      the K2CO3/nitroprusside test described and an additional colorimetric
      determination of cystine (CN-/nitroprusside), a separate semiquantitative
      differentiation of cysteine and cystine in fresh (!) urine is possible.

PMID- 3404090
TI  - [Determination of tri-n-butylphosphate in plasma using solid phase extraction and
      capillary gas chromatography].
AB  - A simple method for the quantitative determination of tri-n-butylphosphate in
      blood plasma preparations is described. The sample is passed through an octadecyl
      extraction column from which tri-n-butylphosphate is eluted with chloroform. By
      capillary GC 50 micrograms/l tri-n-butylphosphate can be detected with a recovery
      of more than 90%.

PMID- 3404093
TI  - Methylcitric acid determination in amniotic fluid by electron-impact mass
      fragmentography.
AB  - Methylcitric acid, a metabolite of abnormal propionyl-CoA metabolism, is elevated
      in amniotic fluid when the fetus is affected with propionic acidaemia or
      methylmalonic aciduria. We developed a method for quantifying methylcitric acid
      in amniotic fluid by solid-phase extraction, derivatisation to the t-butyl
      dimethylsilylester, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with electron-impact
      ionisation, using the deuterated analogue of methylcitric acid as an internal
      standard. The main advantages are a good sensitivity, simple sample preparation,
      and feasibility on instruments equipped with mass specific detectors.

PMID- 3404091
TI  - Carcinogenic tryptophan pyrolysis products potent inhibitors of type A monoamine
      oxidase and the platelet response to 5-hydroxytryptamine.
AB  - The effects of carcinogenic heterocyclic amines and beta-carbolines on 5
      hydroxytryptamine-induced human platelet aggregation, on the uptake of 5
      hydroxytryptamine by platelets, and on human monoamine oxidase activity were
      investigated. Of the dietary carcinogens and beta-carbolines studied,
      carcinogenic tryptophan pyrolysis products had greater pharmacological activities
      than other heterocyclic amines. The carcinogenic tryptophan pyrolysis products, 3
      amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole and 3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3
      b]indole, which have been identified in the dialysis fluid of uraemic patients,
      were the most potent inhibitors of the aggregation response to 5
      hydroxytryptamine, with IC50 (the concentrations causing 50% inhibition) values
      of 10 mumol/l and 50 mumol/l, respectively. 3-Amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido[4,3
      b]indole and 3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole by themselves did not induce
      platelet aggregation, although these dietary carcinogens structurally resemble 5
      hydroxytryptamine. Kinetic analyses showed that 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H
      pyrido[4,3-b]indole and 3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole were potent
      competitive inhibitors of 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake by platelets with Ki 18
      mumol/l and 42 mumol/l, respectively. Furthermore, carcinogenic tryptophan
      pyrolysates as well as beta-carbolines were found to be competitive selective
      inhibitors of monoamine oxidase 'type A'.

PMID- 3404094
TI  - A rapid and precise method for the quantitation of ethanol in serum using the
      EMIT St serum ethanol assay reagent and a Cobas Bio centrifugal analyser.
AB  - We describe a simple and rapid, but nevertheless precise and accurate method for
      measuring ethanol in serum, using the Roche Cobas Bio centrifugal analyser and
      the EMIT StTM serum ethanol assay reagent. Within-assay imprecision was 2.2%
      (CV), day-to-day imprecision was 2.5% (CV). The results correlated well with a
      commonly used gas chromatographic headspace method. Because of its rapidity and
      good practicability this method seems to be well suited for use in emergency care
      units of clinical chemistry laboratories.

PMID- 3404092
TI  - Abstracts. IV International Symposium Brugge. May 26-28, 1988. Belgische
      Vereniging voor Klinische Chemie.

PMID- 3404095
TI  - Paradigms lost: a central dilemma for academic family practice.

PMID- 3404096
TI  - Disciplines, specialties, and paradigms.

PMID- 3404097
TI  - Documentation of resident experience.

PMID- 3404099
TI  - Study of smoking cessation therapy.

PMID- 3404098
TI  - Screening sigmoidoscopy.

PMID- 3404100
TI  - Nutritional assessment of the hospitalized patient.

PMID- 3404101
TI  - Management of elevated cholesterol levels by New Hampshire primary care
      physicians.
AB  - While experts are reaching a consensus on the appropriate management of abnormal
      blood lipid levels, the attitudes and behaviors of practicing clinicians are not
      well defined. This study addresses the attitudes and management practices
      regarding blood lipids of a representative sample of family physicians and
      general internists in the state of New Hampshire as determined by a questionnaire
      mailed during late 1986. Physicians consider blood lipid testing to be important
      in adults, but vary widely in their idea of what levels represent high risk for
      coronary heart disease. Over 40 percent felt that cholesterol levels need to be
      7.80 mmol/L (300 mg/dL) or greater to constitute a high risk for coronary heart
      disease for patients aged 40 to 59 years. In addition, physicians feel much less
      effective in managing lipid abnormalities than in managing hypertension. Family
      physicians and general internists did not differ significantly in behavior or
      attitudes. To implement new expert recommendations, substantial efforts will be
      required to convince physicians to adopt lower cholesterol levels as indicating
      high risk for coronary heart disease and to feel more effective in patient
      management.

PMID- 3404102
TI  - The efficacy of nicotine gum in group-centered smoking cessation therapy in a
      family practice.
AB  - The efficacy of nicotine gum in conjunction with group support for smoking
      cessation was examined. Of 388 participants enrolled in the smoking cessation
      program, lapse-free abstinence rates of 38 percent and 30 percent were obtained
      at six and 12 months follow-up, respectively. One-year abstinence rates were
      confirmed by the measurement of expired carbon monoxide levels. One third of
      claimed abstainers were randomly selected at one-year follow-up for confirmation,
      with a resultant 3 percent deception rate. When this deception rate was applied
      to the overall results, six-month and 12-month abstinence rates became 36 percent
      and 29 percent, respectively. These abstinence rates suggest an efficacious role
      for nicotine gum in association with group support.

PMID- 3404104
TI  - The nature and content of physician telephone calls in a private practice.
AB  - Telephone encounters received by two physicians in a private rural family
      practice setting were examined over a 61-day sampling period. A total of 1,264
      calls were received during the study period, with 905 (71.6 percent) being
      received in the office setting. An average of 10.4 calls per physician were
      received each day, and a mean of 16.2 minutes per physician was spent each day
      with telephone encounters. Each call was brief, lasting 1.6 minutes (standard
      deviation 1.5 minutes); administrative and personal calls each lasted
      significantly longer than other call categories (F = 20.8, P = .0001). More
      chronic disease diagnoses tended to be handled during office when compared with
      nonoffice telephone encounters. The majority of calls (932, or 83.1 percent) did
      not require a face-to-face visit as judged by the physician. Of the office calls,
      58.2 percent were handled by the physicians through a message system rather than
      a direct physician telephone call. It is estimated that uncharged care over the
      telephone saved patients in this practice up to $150,000 per year.

PMID- 3404103
TI  - Health screening examinations: the patient's perspective.
AB  - Periodic preventive screening programs will require patient cooperation if they
      are to be successful. To determine the level of patient interest on a broad
      scale, 1,788 adult patients were surveyed in 47 family physicians' offices over a
      statewide area. Seventy percent said they had participated in a screening health
      checkup in the preceding two years. Nine percent of these patients reported
      discovering a previously unknown condition as a result of their recent screening
      examination. The majority of surveyed patients said they would agree to be
      screened or treated with the complete list of eight suggested procedures for men
      and ten procedures for women. Rates of patient acceptance of specific health
      maintenance recommendations ranged from a low of 54 percent for influenza
      immunization to a high of 91 percent for a blood pressure check. Listing typical
      costs did not alter the selection rates of patients with insurance coverage
      compared with those without it. The geriatric age group was the least willing to
      be screened. Seventy-two percent of patients indicated that they wanted to
      discuss at least one wellness topic with their physician. Overall, most patients
      are willing to participate in the concept of a periodic health maintenance
      examination as recommended to them by their physician.

PMID- 3404105
TI  - Reversible acute renal failure associated with ibuprofen ingestion and binge
      drinking.

PMID- 3404106
TI  - Formation of germ layers and roles of the dorsal lip of the blastopore in
      normally developing embryos of the newt Cynops pyrrhogaster.
AB  - Three-dimensional relationships between tissues during the formation of germ
      layers were studied in sections of normally developing embryos of the newt,
      Cynops pyrrhogaster. In gastrulae, the inner postinvolution layer was not in
      direct contact with the outer preinvolution layer as a result of the presence of
      an intervening layer of cells. Only after the formation of the yolk plug, a
      narrow strip of primitive notochord, which consisted of columnar cells,
      established a close contact with the central part of the overlaying presumptive
      neural plate. The primitive notochord was also linked to endoderm at its right
      and left margins, facing the archenteron. Mesodermal cells other than notochord
      cells were mesenchymal until the neurula stage, when primitive somites appeared
      on both sides of the notochord. From a comparison of the relative locations of
      tissues in embryos at different stages of development, it was shown that the
      notochord elongates by a remodeling of the mass of the primitive notochord, and
      that, as the anteriorly directed translocation of the neural area and the
      invagination of endoderm occur, these processes keep pace with the elongation of
      the notochord. These observations suggest organizing or guiding roles for the
      notochord in the formation of germ layers. A role for the dorsal lip of the
      blastopore as the organizer is discussed in relation to the origin of the
      notochord.

PMID- 3404107
TI  - Locomotion of sponges and its physical mechanism.
AB  - Active locomotion by individual marine and freshwater sponges across glass,
      plastic and rubber substrata has been studied in relation to the behavior of the
      sponges' component cells. Sequential tracing of sponge outlines on aquarium walls
      shows that sponges can crawl up to 160 microns/hr (4 mm/day). Time-lapse
      cinemicrography and scanning electron microscopy reveal that moving sponges
      possess distinctive leading edges composed of motile cells. Sponge locomotion was
      found to be mechanically similar to the spreading of cell sheets in tissue
      culture both with respect to exertion of traction (which causes the wrinkling of
      rubber substrata) and with respect to the patterns of adhesive contacts formed
      with the substratum (as observed by interference reflection microscopy). Other
      similarities include the orientation of sponge locomotion along grooves and the
      preferential extension onto more adhesive substrata. Neither the patterns of
      wrinkling produced in rubber substrata nor the distributions of adhesive contacts
      seen by interference reflection microscopy show evidence of periodic, propagating
      waves of surface contractions, such as would be expected if the sponges'
      mechanism of locomotion were by peristalsis or locomotory waves. Our observations
      suggest that the displacement of sponges is achieved by the cumulative crawling
      locomotion of the cells that compose the sponge's lower surface. This mode of
      organismal locomotion suggests new explanations for the plasticity of sponge
      morphology, seems not to have been reported from other metazoans, and has
      significant ecological implications.

PMID- 3404108
TI  - Direct observation of cold-shock effects in ram spermatozoa with the use of a
      programmable cryomicroscope.
AB  - Cryoinjury in individual ram spermatozoa was investigated in cells cooled at 10
      degrees C/min on a programmable cryomicroscope. In physiological buffer and
      cryoprotective media, there was a smooth decline in sperm swimming speed with
      decreasing temperature; cooling in buffer caused a marked decline in the
      proportion of cells displaying forward progression, especially once the
      temperature fell below 16 degrees C. Spermatozoa cooled in the presence of
      rhodamine 123, a mitochondrial-specific dye, showed that abolition of sperm
      motility by cold shock in buffer was not due to mitochondrial inactivation.
      Temperature decline through the region of 10 degrees C caused a number of
      spermatozoa in buffer to undergo a sudden asymmetric bending of the flagellum in
      the region of the midpiece. Ultrastructural studies suggest that this was caused
      by an unstable, asymmetric membrane lesion. Spermatozoa cooled in the presence of
      cryoprotective media showed better recovery of motility after rewarming and
      failed to exhibit the bending effect described above.

PMID- 3404109
TI  - In vitro fusion of newt macrophages.
AB  - Spontaneous formation of multinucleate giant cells is often observed in in vitro
      cultures of peritoneal adherent macrophages from the newts, Notophthalmus
      viridescens and Taricha granulosa (urodele amphibians). The frequency of such
      giant cells in these cultures is increased by the addition of phorbol myristic
      acetate at the initiation of the cultures. This high frequency of multinucleate
      cells permitted us to evaluate whether multinucleate giant cells arise by cell
      fusion and/or by repeated nuclear division without cytokinesis. Cell fusion is
      readily detectable by scanning electron microscopy. To determine whether nuclear
      division without cytokinesis also occurs, some cultures were treated with
      colchicine to arrest mitotic figures; others were pulsed with tritiated thymidine
      to detect DNA synthesis. Mitotic figures were not seen in acridine orange-stained
      samples. In monolayers that were processed for autoradiography, only a few nuclei
      were marked with tritium. These observations suggest that nuclear division does
      not contribute significantly, if at all, to the formation of multinucleate giant
      cells from cultured newt peritoneal macrophages.

PMID- 3404110
TI  - Morphine concentrations in autopsy material from fatal cases after intake of
      morphine and/or heroin.

PMID- 3404111
TI  - A discussion of the law of mutual independence and its application to blood group
      frequency data.

PMID- 3404113
TI  - Nucleotide sequence and evolutionary relationships of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV)
      strains: CMV RNA 2.
AB  - The nucleotide sequence of RNA2 of the Fny strain (subgroup 1) of cucumber mosaic
      virus (CMV) was determined and compared at both the nucleic acid and protein
      level with the previously determined corresponding sequence of RNA 2 of the Q
      strain (subgroup 2) of CMV. Fny -CMV RNA II 2 consisted of 3050 nucleotides and
      contained a single open reading frame (ORF) of 2571 nucleotides, whereas Q-CMV
      RNA 2 consists of 3035 nucleotides and contains a single ORF of 2517 nucleotides.
      At the nucleotide level, there was 71% sequence homology between the two RNAs,
      while at the protein level sequence homology was 73%. Protein homology was
      greater (89%) in the central third than in either the N-terminal (64%) or the C
      terminal (56%) thirds. The secondary structures of the 3' end of the RNAs were
      very similar, even though the nucleotide sequence homology between the 3'
      terminal 180 nucleotides was only 62%. By contrast, there was 80% sequence
      homology between the 5'-terminal 86 residue, non-translated regions of the two
      RNAs. The evolutionary relationships and the divergence and retention of specific
      sequences among the two CMV strains and other plant viruses are discussed.

PMID- 3404112
TI  - The laboratory's approach to sexual assault cases. Part 2: Demonstration of the
      possible offender.

PMID- 3404114
TI  - The complete nucleotide sequence of potato virus X and its homologies at the
      amino acid level with various plus-stranded RNA viruses.
AB  - Double-stranded cDNA of potato virus X (PVX) genomic RNA has been cloned and
      sequenced. The sequence [6435 nucleotides excluding the poly(A) tract] revealed
      five open reading frames (ORFs) which were numbered one to five starting at the
      5' terminus of the RNA. They encoded proteins of Mr 165588 (166K), 24622 (25K),
      12324 (12K), 7595 (8K) and 25080 (coat protein), respectively. ORFs 1 and 2 were
      inphase coding regions. The ORF 1 product contained domains of homology with the
      tobacco mosaic virus 126K and 183K products. The ORF 2 and 3 products showed
      homologies with the barley stripe mosaic virus 58K and 14K proteins, the beet
      necrotic yellow vein virus 42K and 13K products and the white clover mosaic virus
      26K and 13K products, respectively. The significance of these homologies with
      respect to putative functions of the PVX-encoded proteins are discussed.

PMID- 3404115
TI  - Appearance of influenza A virus antigenic variants after treatment of infected
      MDCK cells with human leukocytes.
AB  - Exudation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) from the infected mucosa is a
      characteristic feature of influenza virus infection. Since reactive oxygen
      species generated by PMN can be strong mutagens, the possibility of production of
      antigenic variants of the virus by virus-PMN interaction was investigated. Cloned
      influenza A NWS (H1N1) virus multiplying in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells was
      treated with human peripheral PMN. Assays in the presence and absence of
      monoclonal antibody to the cloned virus showed a seven- to ten-fold increase in
      the frequency of variants in the presence of PMN. The mutagenic effect was
      abolished by addition of superoxide dismutase to the culture.

PMID- 3404116
TI  - Membrane fusion by peptide analogues of influenza virus haemagglutinin.
AB  - We have studied the interactions of synthetic peptides corresponding to the
      sequence of the amino terminus of the HA2 subunit of influenza virus
      haemagglutinin with artificial lipid membranes. The peptides could fuse
      cholesterol-free liposomes at neutral as well as acid pH; however, liposomes
      containing cholesterol could only be fused below pH 6. The fusion process caused
      leakage of aqueous liposomal contents. Peptides with amino acid substitutions had
      fusion properties similar to whole haemagglutinin molecules with the
      corresponding sequence changes. Non-fusogenic peptides still interacted with the
      membrane but did not cause leakage of liposomal contents. A correlation between
      the alpha-helical content of peptide and its fusogenicity was noted, but this was
      not absolute. The results reported here support suggestions for a role of the
      amino terminus of HA2 in virus-endosome fusion.

PMID- 3404117
TI  - The intracellular distribution of influenza virus matrix protein and
      nucleoprotein in infected cells and their relationship to haemagglutinin in the
      plasma membrane.
AB  - Pre- and post-embedding immune electron microscopy techniques employing ferritin
      and large and small gold markers to detect cell surface and intracellular
      antigens respectively, have been combined in a study of influenza virus-infected
      cells. This has permitted, for the first time, the simultaneous detection of
      intracellular virus matrix protein (M), nucleoprotein (NP) and membrane
      haemagglutinin (HA). The technique facilitated an investigation of the possible
      physical interrelationship between these three proteins both in the infected
      cell, and on the infected cell membrane. Electron-dense bodies uniformly labelled
      by antibody to M protein were observed in the nucleus and cytoplasm. Similarly,
      NP was detected in both the nucleus and cytoplasm. Approximately 50% of the
      nuclear NP was located in close proximity to the M protein-containing dense
      bodies but mainly on the perimeter of the structures. A similar relationship of
      NP to the M-containing dense bodies was observed in the cytoplasm. M protein and
      NP were readily detected in sections of budding virions. Labelling of these
      proteins was also observed on the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane but the
      density of labelling only occasionally approached that of newly formed virions.
      These findings suggest that budding occurs very quickly after the internal
      proteins arrive at the plasma membrane. Double labelling experiments on the cell
      surface indicate that NP and HA behave as independent molecules and do not form
      tight complexes with each other.

PMID- 3404118
TI  - Deleted viral RNAs and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus persistence in vitro.
AB  - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection of most tissue culture cell
      lines results in a non-cytopathic persistent infection. Persistent infections in
      vitro share many characteristics with persistent LCMV infection of mice; both are
      associated with decreased titres of infectious virus, restricted accumulation of
      viral glycoproteins at the surface of infected cells and the generation of
      interfering particles. We have used gel electrophoresis and hybridization
      techniques to analyse LCMV gene expression during persistent infection of a
      number of tissue culture cell lines. Our study has demonstrated that, although
      deleted viral RNAs can be detected during persistent LCMV infection in vitro,
      there may not be an obligatory association between deleted RNAs and persistence.
      In addition, we have found that LCMV interfering activity can be produced in the
      apparent absence of deleted intracellular viral RNAs.

PMID- 3404119
TI  - Dengue 2 virus envelope protein expressed by a recombinant vaccinia virus fails
      to protect monkeys against dengue.
AB  - A cDNA copy of the dengue (DEN) 2 virus genome region encoding the virion capsid,
      membrane and envelope structural proteins has been inserted into vaccinia virus
      (VV) DNA under the control of its 11K late promoter. The DEN-2 envelope protein
      was expressed and processed in cells infected with the VV recombinant (VV/D2S).
      No DEN-2 virus antibody response was detected in mice, hamsters or monkeys
      vaccinated with VV/D2S. Furthermore, a viraemia was observed in recombinant
      vaccinated monkeys after challenge with infectious DEN-2 virus.

PMID- 3404120
TI  - Physicochemical properties of Marburg virus: evidence for three distinct virus
      strains and their relationship to Ebola virus.
AB  - The physicochemical and antigenic properties of three groups of Marburg (MBG)
      virus isolates, separated temporally and geographically, were compared to each
      other and to another member of the same family, Ebola (EBO) virus. Each MBG
      isolate contained seven virion proteins, one of which was a glycosylated surface
      protein. Peptide mapping of glycoproteins, nucleoproteins (NP) and viral
      structural protein (VP40) demonstrated extensive sequence conservation in the
      proteins of viruses isolated over a 13-year period, but homology was not evident
      in VP24. Some homology between the NPs of MBG and EBO was observed. A close
      antigenic relationship between MBG strains was found by radioimmunoassay but no
      evidence was found of antigenic cross-reactivity with EBO viruses. MBG virion
      proteins are produced from virus-specific monocistronic mRNA species. Five of the
      seven viral proteins were produced by in vitro translation of these RNAs. MBG
      virions contained one RNA species with an Mr of 4.2 x 10(6) and virions had a
      density of 1.14 g/ml in potassium tartrate. Virus isolates from different
      outbreaks had distinct T1 oligonucleotide maps, but had approximately 95%
      homology in base sequence. No two geographically distinct virus pairs were more
      closely related to each other than to a third virus isolate. MBG viruses are thus
      similar to EBO viruses in morphology and other physicochemical properties and are
      very similar to each other in RNA and protein composition. Each of the three
      geographically and temporally distinct MBG virus outbreaks appears to have been
      due to a genetically distinguishable, but antigenically closely related virus
      strain. In addition, these studies confirm the belief that MBG and EBO viruses
      are members of the new virus family, the Filoviridae.

PMID- 3404121
TI  - Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the mumps virus gene encoding the P
      protein: mumps virus P gene is monocistronic.
AB  - The nucleotide sequence of the P (phosphoprotein) gene of two strains of mumps
      virus has been determined from overlapping cDNA clones. The P gene contained a
      single open reading frame coding for a protein of 391 amino acids with a
      calculated Mr of 41,587, in good agreement with the value (40K to 45K) estimated
      from electrophoretic mobility on SDS-polyacrylamide gels. No open reading frame
      analogous to the C gene of other paramyxoviruses existed in the mumps virus P
      gene region. Comparison of the amino acid sequence of the mumps virus P protein
      with that of Newcastle disease virus showed a limited sequence homology.

PMID- 3404122
TI  - Haemagglutinin of measles virus: purification and storage with preservation of
      biological and immunological properties.
AB  - Measles virus envelope haemagglutinin (H) was purified rapidly with Triton X-100
      solubilized virions by a two-step anion-exchange chromatography using fast
      protein liquid chromatography. The purity of the glycoprotein in its dimeric form
      was demonstrated by SDS-PAGE followed by silver staining or autoradiography. The
      purified H glycoprotein was further freed from contaminating detergent by
      dialysis of octylglucoside detergent. This purification procedure, together with
      subsequent lyophilization and storage at -70 degrees C of the H glycoprotein
      which was incorporated into phospholipid vesicles allowed the full preservation
      of its haemagglutinating activity, its reactivity with a monoclonal anti-H
      antibody that recognized a conformational epitope and its capacity to elicit anti
      H antibodies with haemagglutination-inhibiting and neutralizing activities.

PMID- 3404123
TI  - Canine distemper virus (CDV) immune-stimulating complexes (Iscoms), but not
      measles virus iscoms, protect dogs against CDV infection.
AB  - The potential of immune-stimulating complexes (iscoms), a novel form of antigenic
      presentation, for the induction of protective immunity against morbillivirus
      infection was shown by immunizing dogs with canine distemper virus (CDV) iscoms,
      which contained the fusion (F) protein and a minor amount of the haemagglutinin
      of the virus. The immunized dogs developed CDV-neutralizing antibodies but, in
      contrast to non-immunized dogs, did not develop viraemia or clinical signs of
      infection upon intranasal challenge with the virulent Snyder Hill strain of CDV.
      Immunization of dogs with measles virus (MV) iscoms, prepared either from
      affinity-purified MV F protein or from purified whole virus, resulted in partial
      protection against challenge with CDV. The data presented clearly show that the
      iscom form of antigenic presentation may be considered a serious candidate for
      subunit vaccines against morbillivirus infection.

PMID- 3404124
TI  - Neutralization and sensitization of lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus with
      monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies directed against VP3, the envelope glycoprotein of lactate
      dehydrogenase-elevating virus (LDV), were found to neutralize a large proportion
      of the virus population. This effect of monoclonal anti-VP3 antibodies was
      significantly increased by a murine monoclonal rheumatoid factor, indicating that
      the same antiviral antibodies can either neutralize or sensitize different
      fractions of the virus. This observation could be explained by heterogeneity in
      LDV particles, resulting in diverse responses to antibodies and therefore to the
      persistence of the virus in vivo.

PMID- 3404125
TI  - Synergistic interactions of anti-NS1 monoclonal antibodies protect passively
      immunized mice from lethal challenge with dengue 2 virus.
AB  - Non-neutralizing, serotype-specific anti-NS1 monoclonal antibodies partially
      protected passively immunized mice from lethal dengue 2 virus intracerebral
      challenge. There was no apparent correlation between complement-fixing activity
      and protective capacity among individual anti-NS1 monoclonal antibodies.
      Immunization with specific combinations of non-protective or partially protective
      antibodies resulted in prolonged survival or reduced mortality. Solid protection,
      equal to that achieved after immunization with neutralizing polyclonal antibody,
      was achieved only with an antibody pair which individually fixed complement to
      high titre with homologous virus. Some groups of mice had increased morbidity
      after immunization with combinations of protective monoclonal antibodies that
      bind to overlapping epitopes. These results may affect the design of recombinant
      dengue vaccines which may require the inclusion of serotype-specific antigenic
      domains.

PMID- 3404127
TI  - Influence of the reason for the other's affect on preschoolers' empathic
      response.
AB  - Forty-six preschoolers were individually presented four slide-sequence stories in
      which the main character performed acts that resulted in the character displaying
      happiness (in two stories) or sadness (in two stories). Within each happy and sad
      story pair, one story portrayed the main character as having an "acceptable"
      reason for his or her affect (e.g., the character was happy after finding a
      friend to play with) and one story portrayed the character as having an
      "unacceptable" reason for his or her affect (e.g., the character was happy after
      transgressing against another child). Affective and evaluative responses to the
      main characters in the four stories were assessed. The preschoolers generally
      empathized more with (and evaluated more favorably) a story character whose
      affect was associated with the performance of an acceptable rather than an
      unacceptable act.

PMID- 3404126
TI  - Coping strategies from the perspective of two developmental markers: age and
      social reasoning.
AB  - In this study, we examined coping from a developmental perspective, including its
      relation to age and social cognitive maturity. The 60 participants, who ranged
      from adolescents to mature adults, were given Lazarus' Ways of Coping Scale. This
      consists of both an emotion-focused and problem-focused coping score and two
      measures of social reasoning performance. Social reasoning was the best predictor
      of emotion-focused coping, above and beyond years of education and age. None of
      the developmental variables predicted problem-focused coping. Analyses examining
      the effect of perceived controllability of the stressful situation on coping
      demonstrated that it differentially mediated choice of coping strategy across age
      groups. Whereas older participants endorsed more problem-focused strategies in
      perceived controllable situations and emotion-focused strategies in perceived
      uncontrollable situations, adolescents endorsed emotion-focused and defensive
      coping styles, irrespective of perceived controllability. Implications for the
      study of development of coping styles in affectively salient contexts is
      discussed.

PMID- 3404128
TI  - The relation between young children's cognitive role-taking and mothers'
      preference for a conflict-inducing childrearing method.
AB  - In this study, we examined children's cognitive role-taking in relation to their
      mothers' choices of techniques to solve domestic dilemmas involving children's
      misbehavior, social skills, and logical reasoning. Results showed that a mother's
      preference for the childrearing strategy known as distancing, which uses a
      Socratic or dialectical inquiry to create cognitive conflict in the child, bore a
      significant association to her child's advancement in cognitive role-taking
      skill. This finding is discussed in relation to theories of cognitive development
      that postulate that mental conflict or tension stimulates cognitive growth.
      Practical factors that might inhibit mothers from making effective use of the
      distancing technique are also considered.

PMID- 3404129
TI  - Marital conflict and adjustment: speech nonfluencies in intimate disclosure.
AB  - Speech nonfluency in response to questions about the marital relationship was
      used to assess anxiety. Subjects were 31 husbands and 31 wives, all white,
      college educated, from middle- to lower-middle-class families, and ranging from
      20 to 30 years of age. Three types of nonfluencies were coded: filled pauses,
      unfilled pauses, and repetitions. Speech-disturbance ratios were computed by
      dividing the sum of speech nonfluencies by the total words spoken. The results
      support the notion that some issues within marriage are more sensitive and/or
      problematic than others, and that, in an interview situation, gender interacts
      with question content in the production of nonfluencies.

PMID- 3404130
TI  - Social comparison and depression.
AB  - It has been suggested that a central factor in depression is the experience of
      feeling different from others. This study set out to examine the relationship
      between pre-attributional consensus judgments, perceived trait discrepancy from
      others, and depression. As predicted, low consensus judgments concerning
      hypothetical events and negative self-evaluations relative to others were
      associated with depression. These results are discussed in terms of related work
      on attribution theory and social comparison processes.

PMID- 3404131
TI  - Attachment and early reading: a longitudinal study.
AB  - The relationship between quality of attachment in infancy and preschooler's
      reading interests and skills was explored. At 24 months, 77 children and their
      mothers were tested using the Strange Situation procedure. In a follow-up study 3
      years later, 65 mothers completed a questionnaire about the reading interests and
      skills of their children. Preschool teachers completed a questionnaire about
      preparatory reading instruction, and the children's intelligence was measured
      with the Leiden Diagnostic Test. After 3 years, the securely attached children
      showed more interest in written material than did the insecurely attached
      children, regardless of their intelligence and the amount of preparatory reading
      instruction.

PMID- 3404132
TI  - Female prairie deer mice prefer conspecific flesh over contraspecific flesh.
AB  - Hungry adult female deer mice were presented with freshly asphyxiated
      conspecifics and house mice. The deer mice showed a reliable preference for the
      conspecific flesh during the first 2 hr of testing, but this preference was
      attenuated during the following 20 hr of testing. Previous research has shown
      that male deer mice prefer contraspecific flesh. The preference of female deer
      mice for conspecific flesh is attributed to their tendency to be more aggressive
      toward living conspecifics than are male deer mice and their tendency to avoid
      living contraspecifics more than do male deer mice.

PMID- 3404133
TI  - Response competition and target word detection during shadowing in a dichotic
      listening task.
AB  - College students (N = 24) served as subjects in a within-subjects study of
      auditory attention in which four tasks were performed. In the easiest task, a
      single passage was presented and shadowed while target word detections were
      indicated by pressing a key. The other three tasks also required target word
      detection, but a second passage was presented simultaneously. One task had no
      target words in the unshadowed passage; the other two tasks required a key
      pressing response to the target words in both passages, either with one hand or
      with each hand. We expected performance to decrease as task complexity increased;
      this was partially confirmed. The task of shadowing and detecting target words is
      too difficult to be used to test perception or response limitations of attention.

PMID- 3404134
TI  - The effects of spatial frequency and temporal waveform on three measures of
      temporal processing.
AB  - The effects of spatial frequency and temporal transition of sine-wave grating
      onset and offset were assessed using measures of reaction time, visual
      persistence, and temporal order judgements. The stimuli were lateralized fields,
      separated by 1 degree of visual angle. Slow temporal transition resulted in
      significantly poorer performance than did abrupt onset and offset, but spatial
      frequency had a minimal effect. Thus, the latency, temporal resolution, and
      temporal ordering of events are mediated by a mechanism that is sensitive to
      abrupt temporal transients. The stimulus conditions employed did not result in a
      shift in the point of subjective simultaneity.

PMID- 3404135
TI  - Assessment of a microcomputer-based version of the Austin maze.
AB  - The Austin (or Milner) Maze consists of a 10 x 10 array of electrical contacts
      through which the subject must discover a hidden pathway by touching successive
      points in the matrix. Trials needed to reach 3 consecutive errorless
      performances, errors committed, and time taken to reach this criterion are
      commonly regarded as indicators of frontal lobe function. This study evaluated
      the equivalence of a computer-based version of this task. Thirty-two male
      computer science students completed both forms of the maze in counterbalanced
      order, separated by an interval of 4 weeks. In a 2-year follow-up, 25 remaining
      subjects completed the tasks in reverse order, again separated by a 4-week
      interval. Correlational data and analysis of variance supported the proposition
      that the computer-based version could act as a substitute for the more tediously
      administered traditional form. Although the sample characteristics may limit the
      generalizability of this conclusion, the application and development of the
      software by independent investigators may facilitate its clinical application and
      allow a more efficient resolution of relevant theoretical issues.

PMID- 3404136
TI  - Effects of hypnosis and level of processing on repeated recall of line drawings.
AB  - Moderately susceptible subjects (N = 30) initially judged 30 line drawings of
      objects for pleasantness (deep processing) and 30 line drawings for visual
      complexity (shallow processing), after which they were given two immediate recall
      tests. Following a 48-hr delay, subjects were allocated randomly to hypnosis,
      simulation, or neutral control conditions and were tested four more times.
      Subjects produced more correct and incorrect responses over the six trials and
      gave a higher number of correct responses for deep items than for shallow items.
      Over the last four trials, hypnosis had no general facilitative effect relative
      to the other two treatments, but the effect of depth was strongest for hypnotized
      subjects, who recalled more deep items than did the controls. Finally, both
      hypnotized and simulating subjects rated their recall as more involuntary and
      their experimental treatment as more helpful than did the controls. Caution is
      urged in the forensic use of hypnosis as a retrieval device.

PMID- 3404137
TI  - Attitudinal correlates of lithium compliance in bipolar affective disorders.
AB  - Lithium noncompliance is a significant barrier to effective treatment of manic
      depressive disorders, yet the reasons for it are not well established. This
      questionnaire study of 48 lithium outpatients evaluated the utility of Ajzen and
      Fishbein's Theory of Reasoned Action in explicating the relationships among
      lithium-related beliefs and attitudes, normative beliefs, behavioral intentions,
      and self-reported compliance with the treatment regimen. Results support the
      usefulness of this model, with some modification, in conceptualizing patients'
      compliance behaviors. Findings underscore the importance of the patient-physician
      relationship in lithium compliance.

PMID- 3404138
TI  - A comparison of adequately vs. inadequately treated depressed patients.
AB  - The authors reviewed the records of 201 nonbipolar depressed inpatients to a)
      determine the level of somatic therapies prescribed and b) compare the
      characteristics and global outcomes of patients given "adequate" vs. "inadequate"
      treatment. A stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that patients given
      higher levels of somatic therapy were significantly (p less than .001) more
      likely to be older and have depression with psychotic features and less likely to
      have compulsive personality disorders. These patients also had significantly
      longer hospitalizations. A separate stepwise regression analysis showed that
      patients given higher levels of somatic therapy had superior outcomes (p less
      than .001). The proportion of this sample given no antidepressant medication or
      electroconvulsive therapy (18.4%) and the proportion given "adequate" treatment
      (45.3% to 63.7%, depending on the criteria applied) were comparable to the
      findings of other published reports.

PMID- 3404139
TI  - An elaborate description of the symptomatology of patients with Research
      Diagnostic Criteria endogenous depression.
AB  - The symptomatology of 46 patients with an established diagnosis of Research
      Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) endogenous depression was described by means of a 46
      item symptom checklist, the Amsterdam Depression List (ADL), second version.
      Thirty symptoms were identified as common or very common symptoms of RDC
      endogenous depression. Among these common or very common symptoms only eight were
      RDC endogenous symptoms, and two of these were obligatory inclusion criteria. The
      ADL revealed 22 nonendogenous symptoms (according to RDC) to be common or very
      common symptoms of patients with RDC endogenous depression. The core symptoms,
      depressed mood and loss of pleasure, appeared to be weakly correlated with each
      other. Of the remaining 28 common or very common symptoms, 12 correlated
      significantly with at least one of the core symptoms and 16 did not.
      Dexamethasone suppression test suppressors and nonsuppressors did not differ,
      either in symptomatology or in severity of the syndrome.

PMID- 3404140
TI  - Knowledge of the diagnostic criteria for major depression. A survey of mental
      health professionals.
AB  - Major depression, a mental disorder responsive to specific treatments, may be
      misdiagnosed by psychiatrists and other mental health personnel. Many patients
      referred to a depression clinic with other, generally less severe diagnoses were
      reevaluated by clinic staff and shown to meet DSM-III criteria for a major
      depressive episode. Discussions with referring therapists about these diagnostic
      discrepancies revealed frequent misconceptions about the diagnosis of major
      depression. In response to these observations, a questionnaire was devised to
      assess clinicians' knowledge about the DSM-III criteria for major depression. One
      hundred thirteen questionnaires were distributed to clinicians of varied
      disciplines and levels of experience, and 54 of these questionnaires were
      returned. Misconceptions about the DSM-III criteria for a major depressive
      episode were frequent among responders. The most common errors involved the
      incorrect assumption that vegetative signs and a distinct quality of mood are
      required for the diagnosis of major depression and that the diagnosis should not
      be made if chronic. Other major areas of confusion and potential causes of
      diagnostic error are discussed. Significantly, there were no differences in kind
      and number of errors when trainees and nontrainees were compared.

PMID- 3404141
TI  - Therapists' perceptions of difficult psychiatric patients.
AB  - Psychotherapists often describe patients who present management problems as
      "difficult patients." This article describes a 5-factor scale to measure how
      therapists perceive difficult psychiatric patients. Reliability and validity
      evidence is presented for scales labeled Demanding, Help Rejecting, Unreachable,
      Dangerous, and Poor Fit. Fifty-four psychiatric outpatients identified as
      difficult to treat by two or more therapists were compared with 54 control
      psychiatric outpatients matched on age, sex, marital status, and diagnosis.
      Therapists rated difficult patients higher on each scale. Patients rated higher
      on the Demanding, Help Rejecting, and Poor Fit scales were heavier and more
      varied users of the treatment system than were those rated lower on these scales.
      The scale helps identify causes of staff dissatisfaction and inappropriate
      organization of services and suggests how to meet the special needs of difficult
      patients. Problem patients can be seen as denying the competence and authority of
      the mental health professional but also as central to the unique mandate of
      psychiatry. The reward system should more adequately support those therapists who
      care for the patients often avoided by others.

PMID- 3404143
TI  - Underreporting of physical assaults in schizophrenic inpatients.
AB  - The authors followed prospectively a group of 79 newly admitted male
      schizophrenics for 6 months or until discharged, whichever came first, and
      monitored their assaultive behavior by review of their charts and the ward
      journals. Assaults were detected reliably by this method. When the assaultive
      behavior monitored in this way was contrasted with officially reported
      assaultiveness, 50% more assaults and 34.5% more patients who had one or more
      instances of assaultive behavior during the study period were detected. There
      were no differences in the number of injuries detected by the two methods. The
      authors contend that a realistic estimate of the incidence of physical assaults
      in young male schizophrenic inpatients is no less than 1.5 times that reflected
      by official reports.

PMID- 3404142
TI  - Elevation of urinary norepinephrine/cortisol ratio in posttraumatic stress
      disorder.
AB  - We have previously reported the unusual combination of low urinary free cortisol
      levels with high urinary norepinephrine excretion in posttraumatic stress
      disorder (PTSD) patients in comparison with four other patient groups: major
      depressive disorder, endogenous type; bipolar I, manic; paranoid schizophrenia;
      undifferentiated schizophrenia. Cortisol levels alone did not distinguish PTSD
      from paranoid schizophrenia patients and norepinephrine levels alone did not
      distinguish PTSD from bipolar I, manic, patients. In further consideration of
      these findings, we have found that combining the values for the two systems in a
      norepinephrine/cortisol (N/C) ratio provides a measure that significantly
      distinguishes PTSD from all the other patient groups throughout the
      hospitalization period. The N/C ratio was more than twice as high in the PTSD
      group than in all the other patient groups in the first sample following hospital
      admission, in the mean sample during hospitalization, and in the last sample
      before discharge. The mean N/C ratio for the PTSD group was 2.54, compared with a
      mean of .99 for the other four groups, which ranged from .81 to 1.18. The
      diagnostic sensitivity was 78% and the specificity was 94% for correct
      classification of PTSD in our sample. These preliminary findings yield further
      encouragement for exploring multivariate strategies, using hormonal ratios or
      profiles, in an effort to increase the diagnostic sensitivity of neuroendocrine
      criteria in the assessment of psychiatric patients.

PMID- 3404145
TI  - Pregnancy outcome in heat-exposed hamsters; the involvement of the pineal.
AB  - The effect of high ambient temperature (34 degrees C) on the function of the
      female reproductive system, on embryonic development and on outcome of pregnancy,
      was investigated in heat-exposed sham-operated (Sh) and pinealectomized (Px)
      golden hamsters maintained under short photoperiod. Plasma prolactin levels were
      reduced in both heat-exposed groups (ShH and PxH) but pituitary prolactin was
      increased in the pinealectomized groups irrespective of ambient temperature (21
      or 34 degrees C). Pituitary weights and LH contents were not affected in any test
      group. Heat exposure brought about a reduction in the number of corpora lutea and
      of pups born, the latter being more drastically reduced in absence of the pineal;
      the depressant effect of heat on ovarian weight was evident only in the
      pinealectomized animals. Progesterone levels were not affected in any test group
      and pregnancy was not prolonged, thus, it would seem that pregnant hamsters adapt
      themselves well to heat. Moreover, high ambient temperature promoted a rise in
      pineal. HIOMT activity and boosted cortisol levels in presence of the pineal
      gland only, which, together with the above findings, shows that the pineal can
      provide protection for pregnant hamsters against adverse effects of high ambient
      temperature.

PMID- 3404144
TI  - Anxiety symptoms distinguishing social phobia from panic and generalized anxiety
      disorders.
AB  - Social phobic (N = 14), generalized anxiety disorder (N = 18), and panic disorder
      patients (N = 48) were compared on four categories of anxiety symptoms: autonomic
      hyperactivity, muscular tension, vigilance, and apprehensive expectation. Six
      specific symptoms (palpitations, chest pains, tinnitus, blurred vision,
      headaches, fear of dying, and dry mouth) distinguished social phobia from panic
      disorder, while four (headaches, fear of dying, sweating, and dyspnea)
      distinguished social phobia from generalized anxiety disorder. Most symptom
      differences were in the autonomic hyperactivity category of symptoms. These
      findings further confirm the validity of social phobia as a distinct disorder and
      may help provide specific target symptoms for the treatment of related but
      different anxiety disorders.

PMID- 3404146
TI  - Comparison of the size of neuronal and non-neuronal histamine pools in the brain
      of different rat strains.
AB  - The size of the neuronal and non-neuronal histamine pools in the brain of three
      different strains of rats was measured by assuming that the alpha
      fluoromethylhistidine-induced maximal decrement of histamine represents the size
      of the neuronal pool. Although the total histamine levels in the brain showed a
      considerable interstrain variation, no significant interstrain difference was
      observed in the neuronal histamine level. These results suggest that the size of
      the neuronal histamine pool in the brain is relatively stable, whereas the size
      of the non-neuronal histamine pool is variable.

PMID- 3404148
TI  - Isolation of an anti-inflammatory principle from the fruit juice of Ecballium
      elaterium.
AB  - The fruit juice of Ecballium elaterium, used as a folk medicine in Turkey for the
      treatment of sinusitis, was investigated for its anti-inflammatory activity in
      mice. Fractions obtained from the juice were tested in mice for their effects on
      increased vascular permeability, as induced by HOAc ip. The active principle was
      isolated from the CHCl3 extract as well as the H2O-insoluble part of the fruit
      juice and identified as cucurbitacin B. This is the first report that
      cucurbitacin B has a significant anti-inflammatory activity.

PMID- 3404147
TI  - Distribution of nicotinic receptors in human thalamus as visualized by 3H
      nicotine and 3H-acetylcholine receptor autoradiography.
AB  - Nicotinic cholinergic receptors in human thalamus were measured using (-)3H
      nicotine (20 nM) and 3H-acetylcholine (3H-ACh) (20 nM) as radioligands. The
      specific binding for 3H-nicotine to homogenates of thalamus was 51.6 +/- 8.3
      pmol/g protein and for 3H-ACh 18.6 +/- 1.9 pmol/g protein. Receptor
      autoradiography indicated a high labelling of both 3H-Nicotine and 3H-ACh in the
      antero-ventral nucleus of thalamus and dorso-medial nucleus of thalamus, while
      the labelling was lower in the postero-lateral nucleus of thalamus and in the
      postero-lateral ventral nucleus of thalamus. Quantitative measurement of the 3H
      nicotine autoradiograms showed highest labelling in the anteroventral nucleus of
      thalamus (17.34 +/- 0.76 pmol/g tissue). This study indicates a heterogeneous
      distribution of high-affinity nicotinic receptors in the human thalamus.

PMID- 3404149
TI  - Isolation, structure, synthesis, and antimitotic properties of combretastatins B
      3 and B-4 from Combretum caffrum.
AB  - Further investigation of a CH2Cl2 fraction prepared from the South African tree
      Combretum caffrum for substances inhibitory to the murine P-388 lymphocytic
      leukemia (PS system) cell line has led to the isolation of two new bibenzyls,
      designated combretastatins B-3 and B-4, accompanied by the previously known
      bibenzyls 7, 8, and 9. The structure of each substance was ascertained by results
      of mass and nmr spectral analyses and confirmed by crystal structure
      determination (for 7) or synthesis. Combretastatins B-3 and B-4 gave PS ED50
      values of 0.4 and 1.7 micrograms/ml, respectively, and bibenzyls 7, 8, and 9 were
      comparably cell growth inhibitory against the PS cell line with ED50 results of
      1.7, 2.5, and 0.25 ug/ml, respectively. All the bibenzyls caused leukemia cells
      to accumulate in mitosis at cytotoxic drug concentrations; however, a wide range
      of in vitro activity against the protein tubulin (the major component of the
      mitotic spindle) was observed.

PMID- 3404150
TI  - Heyneanine hydroxyindolenine, a new indole alkaloid from Ervatamia coronaria var.
      plena.
AB  - The whole plant of Ervatamia coronaria var. plena obtained from Thailand has
      afforded a new indole alkaloid 19S-heyneanine hydroxyindolenine whose structure
      was deduced through interpretation of spectral data. Nine known alkaloids,
      coronaridine, coronaridine hydroxyindolenine, voacangine, voacangine
      hydroxyindolenine, heyneanine, voacristine, 3-oxo-coronaridine, 3-oxo
      voacangine,and voacristine hydroxyindolenine, and six common triterpenoids were
      also isolated. Coronaridine was the principal cytotoxic alkaloid obtained.

PMID- 3404151
TI  - (-)-delta-N-normethylskytanthine from Tecoma arequipensis.
AB  - Bark of Tecoma arequipensis yielded the major alkaloidal component (-)-delta-N
      normethylskytanthine whose structure was proven by X-ray diffraction analysis of
      the N-thiourea derivative. The stereochemistry of 1 at all four centers was
      enantiomeric with that of skytanthine previously reported from Tecoma stans and
      Skytanthus acutus. Gc-ms of the crude base fraction indicated the presence of
      several related alkaloids as very minor constituents.

PMID- 3404152
TI  - Absolute and relative configuration of erythroskyrin.
AB  - We have reisolated erythroskyrin from Penicillium islandicum and have determined
      the relative stereochemistry of the compound through extensive 1H- and 13C-nmr
      studies. The absolute stereochemistry was determined by nmr studies of the O
      methylmandelate esters.

PMID- 3404154
TI  - A morphinan alkaloid from Antizoma angustifolia.

PMID- 3404153
TI  - [Cytotoxic and antibacterial substances from the ascidian Aplidium antillense].

PMID- 3404155
TI  - Justicidin B, a cytotoxic principle from Justicia pectoralis.

PMID- 3404156
TI  - A limonoid antifeedant from seed of Carapa procera.

PMID- 3404157
TI  - (-)-Sigmoidin E: a new prenylated flavonoid from Erythrina sigmoidea.

PMID- 3404158
TI  - Phyllanthimide, a new alkaloid from Phyllanthus sellowianus.

PMID- 3404159
TI  - Additional biologically active constituents of the Chinese tallow tree (Sapium
      sebiferum).

PMID- 3404161
TI  - A prospective study of acute idiopathic neuropathy. II. Antecedent events.
AB  - The incidence of antecedent events and serological evidence of preceding
      infection were studied in 100 patients with acute idiopathic neuropathy and age
      and sex matched control subjects in South-East England. Symptoms of respiratory
      infections occurred within one month before onset of neuropathic symptoms in 38%
      of patients and 12% of controls (p less than 0.001) and symptoms of
      gastrointestinal infections in 17% of patients and 3% of controls (p less than
      0.005). Immunisations, insect bites and animal contact were equally common in the
      patient and control subjects. Eight per cent of patients had undergone an
      operation within the preceding 3 months. Six per cent of patients had co-existing
      "autoimmune" diseases. Serological evidence of recent infection was identified in
      31% of patients. Campylobacter jejuni (14%) and cytomegalovirus (11%) were both
      significantly more frequently demonstrated in patients than controls. Serological
      evidence of recent infection with mycoplasma (1%), Epstein Barr virus (1-2%) and
      parvovirus B19 (4%) was also identified in the patients but not more frequently
      than in the controls. Possible explanations for the association of these agents
      with acute idiopathic neuropathy include possession of antigens shared with
      myelin and inhibition of suppressor mechanisms.

PMID- 3404160
TI  - Potential cancer chemopreventive and cytotoxic agents from Pulicaria crispa.

PMID- 3404162
TI  - Specific imbalance of right and left sided motor neuron excitability in
      schizophrenia.
AB  - Fifty-three psychiatric patients, 16 with schizophrenia, 19 with affective
      disorder, and 19 with schizo-affective disorder were diagnosed by Research
      Diagnostic Criteria. Hoffmann reflex recovery curves were measured in the right
      and left legs of each patient. In both affective disorder and schizo-affective
      disorder, recovery curve height in the right and left legs was highly correlated.
      In schizophrenia, recovery curve height in the right and left legs was not
      correlated. These results demonstrate a right-left asymmetry in motor neuron
      excitability specific to schizophrenia. The findings are compatible with a
      deficit in hemispheric transfer that is unique to schizophrenia. Other
      interpretations can be made, including diffuse cortical or subcortical
      dysfunction in schizophrenia which disrupts transfer or interpretation or
      intrahemispheric communication.

PMID- 3404163
TI  - Effect of bromocriptine and metoclopramide on serum prolactin levels in patients
      with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
AB  - Secretion of prolactin in nine patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and in
      seven healthy men was investigated with the use of metoclopramide stimulation and
      bromocriptine inhibition tests. Blood serum prolactin concentration was
      determined in the basal state and 30, 60 and 120 minutes after oral
      administration of 10 mg metoclopramide or 2.5 mg bromocriptine. A period of 3
      days intervened between testing each drug in the same individual. It was shown
      that basal prolactin levels in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients and the
      controls did not differ significantly, whereas in the metoclopramide stimulation
      test seven amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients showed a very exaggerated
      response. The mean value of maximal prolactin increment was 1609.90% (SD 456) in
      comparison with the control group 638.3% (SD 89.7) (p less than 0.01). In the
      bromocriptine inhibition test the mean value of maximal prolactin percentage
      decrement was 50.4% (SD 6.1) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and 66.5% (SD 5.3)
      in the controls and this difference was statistically insignificant. These data
      suggest that exaggerated prolactin response to metoclopramide in amyotrophic
      lateral sclerosis may be a result of a decreased activity of central dopaminergic
      neurons.

PMID- 3404164
TI  - Primary brainstem death: a clinico-pathological study.
AB  - A case of primary brainstem death in a man with surgically treated cerebellar
      haemorrhage is reported. Necropsy revealed extensive necrosis confined to the
      brainstem and cerebellum. The absence of diabetes insipidus and the persistence
      of electroencephalographic activity were the characteristic clinical features of
      the case. This differentiates the condition from so-called "whole brain death".
      Analysis of three further cases with acute vascular lesions of the brainstem or
      cerebellum, shown at necropsy, revealed that primary brainstem death with
      prolonged somatic survival can occur in specific circumstances after surgical
      intervension.

PMID- 3404165
TI  - Does acute hyperglycaemia influence heat pain thresholds?
AB  - The influence of acute hyperglycaemia on pain sensation was assessed in eight
      young adult non-diabetic subjects. Acute hyperglycaemia was induced with IV
      glucose in a double blind fashion, with IV saline as a control. Pain thresholds
      were assessed by a painful heat stimulus delivered by a Marstock thermode on the
      thenar eminence. Heat pain thresholds did not significantly alter during either
      acute hyperglycaemia or the control saline infusion. Previous work demonstrating
      a lowering of electrical pain thresholds by hyperglycaemia has therefore not been
      confirmed using a natural painful stimulus.

PMID- 3404166
TI  - Event related potentials from closed head injury patients in an auditory
      "oddball" task: evidence of dysfunction in stimulus categorisation.
AB  - Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded from 19 closed head injury (CHI)
      patients, at least 6 months after injury, and an equal number of control
      subjects, during a task requiring the covert counting of rare auditory "target"
      stimuli against a background of frequent "non-targets". In both groups, ERPs to
      targets contained enhanced frontal N2 and parietal P3 components. N2 was larger
      in amplitude in the CHI patients than in the controls, and its peak latency was
      delayed. P3 amplitude was smaller in the patients, but its latency was not
      significantly different from that of the control group. The delay in N2 latency
      is interpreted as evidence of an increase in the time needed to achieve stimulus
      categorisation in CHI patients. The larger N2s in this group are thought to
      reflect the additional cognitive effort required after CHI to cope with the task.
      The negative findings with respect to P3 latency suggest that this may be a less
      sensitive measure of information-processing efficiency in this task than the
      latency of N2.

PMID- 3404167
TI  - The neurological complications of Borrelia burgdorferi in the New Forest area of
      Hampshire.
AB  - The neurological complications of Borrelia burgdorferi infection have only
      recently been recognised in the United Kingdom. Eight cases are reported which
      were all contracted in the New Forest area of Hampshire. The majority of patients
      had Bannwarth's syndrome though meningism and parenchymal lesions also occurred.
      All patients made a virtually complete neurological recovery in contrast to some
      patients with Lyme disease.

PMID- 3404168
TI  - Pseudohypoparathyroidism, parkinsonism syndrome, with no basal ganglia
      calcification.
AB  - A 20 year old woman with pseudohypoparathyroidism, Parkinsonism and no basal
      ganglia calcifications shown by computed tomography is reported. She has typical
      features of pseudohypoparathyroidism and biochemical evidence of end-organ
      resistance to parathyroid hormone. She is mentally retarded and has tremor,
      rigidity, bradykinesia, and stooped posture. The cause of Parkinsonism in
      pseudohypoparathyroidism is thought to be basal ganglia calcification. This
      patient must have another pathophysiology, perhaps directly related to a G
      protein defect, causing impaired neurotransmission.

PMID- 3404169
TI  - Respiratory arrest: a complication of cerebellar ectopia in adults.
AB  - Two adult patients are described with cerebellar ectopia whose presentation at
      diagnosis was respiratory arrest. Following surgical decompression both patients
      become self ventilating and now lead independent lives. Cerebellar ectopia is a
      potentially remediable condition and should be considered in patients with
      unexplained respiratory arrest.

PMID- 3404170
TI  - Neurological deterioration after laminectomy for spondylotic cervical
      myeloradiculopathy: the putative role of spinal cord ischaemia.
AB  - Most cases of neurological deterioration after laminectomy for cervical
      radiculomyelopathy occur several weeks to months postoperatively, except when
      there has been direct trauma to the spinal cord or nerve roots during surgery.
      Four patients are described who developed episodes of neurological deterioration
      during the postoperative recovery period that could not be attributed to direct
      intraoperative trauma nor to epidural haematoma or instability of the cervical
      spine as a consequence of laminectomy. Following laminectomy for cervical
      radiculomyelopathy four patients were unchanged neurologically from their pre
      operative examinations, but as they were raised into the upright position for the
      first time following surgery focal neurological deficits referrable to the spinal
      cord developed. Hypotension was present in all four cases during these episodes
      and three of the four patients had residual central cervical cord syndromes.
      These cases represent the first reported instances of spinal cord ischaemia
      occurring with post-operative hypotensive episodes after decompression for
      cervical spondylosis.

PMID- 3404171
TI  - Anxiety and depression after mild head injury: a case control study.
AB  - Thirty-five patients and corresponding matched controls were investigated between
      5 and 17 months from mild head trauma using the Self Rating Depression Scale and
      the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. The findings indicate that compared with an
      appropriate control group mild head injured patients are at risk of developing
      depression, whereas their liability to anxiety is not increased. Our results
      strongly suggest that all head injured patients should be screened for
      depression.

PMID- 3404173
TI  - Chronic focal polymyositis.

PMID- 3404172
TI  - The clinical spectrum of ocular bobbing and ocular dipping.
AB  - The term "ocular bobbing" defines a distinctive class of abnormal spontaneous
      vertical eye movements which occur in a variety of clinicopathological settings.
      Four cardinal forms, which correspond to the predicted permutations of the two
      characteristic clinical variables, initial vertical excursion and phasic
      velocity, have now been described. Reverse ocular dipping, with directional
      reversal and phasic inversion from typical ocular bobbing, is the last link in
      this functional tetrad and is newly presented. The four pathological forms share
      several basic phenomenological features but exhibit clinical and aetiological
      diversity and significant differences in prognosis. An analysis of the clinical
      spectrum of disorders subsumed under the general heading of "ocular bobbing" is
      presented.

PMID- 3404174
TI  - False positive diagnosis of phaeochromocytoma in a patient with Parkinson's
      disease receiving levodopa.

PMID- 3404175
TI  - Rest tremor associated with exposure to Monensin.

PMID- 3404176
TI  - Parkinsonian syndrome caused by a tumour of the left supplementary motor area.

PMID- 3404177
TI  - Extrapyramidal reactions to anti-inflammatory drugs.

PMID- 3404180
TI  - Paraganglioma of the cauda equina.

PMID- 3404178
TI  - Midazolam in the treatment of epileptic seizures.

PMID- 3404179
TI  - Proceedings of the Association of British Neurologists: meeting. London, 5-7
      November 1987. Abstracts.

PMID- 3404181
TI  - Dermatomal somatosensory evoked potentials in lumbosacral root compression.

PMID- 3404182
TI  - Could Parkinson's disease follow intra-uterine influenza?: a speculative
      hypothesis.
AB  - Patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease do not appear to be distributed
      smoothly with respect to year of birth. Individuals born within the years 1892,
      1904, 1909, 1918, 1919 and 1929 appear to have had an increased risk of
      developing idiopathic Parkinson's disease in later life. These years are close to
      those of the influenza pandemics of the period 1890-1930. The estimated risk of
      an individual developing idiopathic Parkinson's disease shows a significant
      correlation with the crude influenza mortality for the year of his birth, within
      the range 1900 to 1930. It is suggested that intra-uterine influenza may be
      cytotoxic to the developing foetal substantia nigra, and that an affected
      individual may be born without evident disability but with limited striatal
      neurochemical reserves and a reduced nigral cell count. In later life normal
      cellular involution with ageing or exposure to environmental neurotoxic factors
      may further erode these reserves to a level where the substantia nigra fails and
      idiopathic Parkinson's disease becomes clinically apparent.

PMID- 3404183
TI  - Planning and spatial working memory in Parkinson's disease.
AB  - The higher level cognitive function of planning was studied in a group of
      medicated Parkinson's disease patients and a group of matched control subjects,
      using a computerised version of Shallice's Tower of London task. Baseline
      measurement of the ability to execute a given plan of action, to generate low
      level strategies required for efficient searching, and spatial working memory
      capacity, all of which contribute to performance on the planning task,
      established that the Parkinson's disease group was unimpaired on any of these
      measures. On the Tower of London task, the Parkinson's disease group was also
      unimpaired in terms of the average number of moves required to solve a problem.
      However, a specific planning deficit was evident when "thinking" times were
      analysed, and this was after the confounding influence of motor initiation and
      execution times had been carefully extracted from total performance times. This
      finding is discussed in relation to putative functions of the frontal lobes and
      basal ganglia, and an attention-switching hypothesis is developed to account for
      it.

PMID- 3404185
TI  - Madras pattern of motor neuron disease in South India.
AB  - This paper presents the clinical features in 12 patients with the Madras pattern
      of motor neuron disease (MMND) seen over a period of 10 years. Ten of the
      patients were from other parts of South India, outside Madras. Young age at
      onset, sporadic occurrence, sensorineural deafness, bulbar palsy, diffuse atrophy
      with weakness of limbs and progressive but benign course were the striking
      features. Electromyography revealed chronic partial denervation. MMND formed 3.7%
      of all forms of motor neuron disease. Although isolated cases have been seen
      elsewhere in India, this is the first report of a large number of patients of
      MMND seen outside Madras (Tamil Nadu). Recognition of this clinical syndrome is
      of importance for prognostication and as well for search of possible aetiological
      factors.

PMID- 3404184
TI  - Blepharospasm: a review of 264 patients.
AB  - The natural history and response to different treatments have been evaluated in
      264 patients with blepharospasm. The mean age of onset was 55.8 years and there
      was a female preponderance of 1.8 to 1. Dystonia elsewhere was found in 78% of
      patients, usually in the cranial-cervical region, and appeared to follow a
      somatotopic progression. A family history of blepharospasm or dystonia elsewhere
      was found in 9.5% of cases, which suggests a genetic predisposition. Ocular
      lesions preceded the onset of blepharospasm in 12.1% of cases. The response to
      drugs was inconsistent, although initial improvement was experienced by one fifth
      of patients treated with anticholinergics. Twenty-nine bilateral facial nerve
      avulsion operations were performed with benefit in 27 cases; but recurrences
      appeared in 22, on average one year after surgery. Botulinum toxin injections
      were performed in 151 patients. Significant improvement was achieved in 118
      cases. Mean duration of benefit was 9.2 weeks. Transient ptosis and diplopia were
      the commonest side effects.

PMID- 3404186
TI  - Comparison of sporadic and familial disease amongst 580 cases of motor neuron
      disease.
AB  - A review of 580 hospital case notes of patients with motor neuron disease (MND)
      revealed 20 families in which more than one case had been reported. For 27 of the
      cases in these families full medical records were available, and a history of a
      further 37 affected family members were obtained. The cases in these 20 families
      are termed familial and the remainder sporadic. Parent to child transmission
      occurred in 16 of the 20 families of the familial cases, suggesting autosomal
      dominant inheritance. In three families there was involvement of siblings only,
      and in one family two cousins were affected. The sex ratio for the documented
      familial case records seen was 0.8:1 (M/F = 12:15), for the total (documented and
      historical) it was 1.06:1 (33:31), but in sporadic cases it was 1.6:1 (341:212)
      and more frequent occurrence of sensory features at presentation was reported in
      the familial cases (15% in the familial cases and 5% in the sporadic cases).
      However, none of these differences reached statistical significance. Familial
      cases also differed from sporadic cases in having a younger age of onset (a mean
      of 52 years in the familial cases compared with 56 years in the sporadic) and in
      the shorter median reported duration of illness (1.1 year in the familial cases;
      2.6 years in the sporadic). However, in only one fifth of sporadic cases was the
      age at onset and death known, although this was known for 22 of the 27 familial
      cases, so that the data on survival and age of onset are too incomplete to test
      formally.

PMID- 3404187
TI  - Adult onset scapuloperoneal myopathy: diagnostic value of nerve morphometry and
      multiple muscle biopsies.
AB  - In the scapuloperoneal syndrome, differentiation between neurogenic and myopathic
      processes may be difficult despite electromyography and muscle biopsy. Extensive
      analysis, including morphometry, was conducted on multiple nerve and muscle
      biopsies from two adult onset, sporadic cases with the syndrome. These studies
      confirm a myopathic process and further define the entity of adult onset
      scapuloperoneal myopathy.

PMID- 3404188
TI  - Occurrence and isotype of antibodies against peripheral nerve myelin in serum
      from patients with peripheral neuropathy and healthy controls.
AB  - Antibodies against peripheral nerve myelin have previously been demonstrated in
      serum from patients with peripheral neuropathy and IgM paraproteinaemia, and a
      causal relationship has been suggested. Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
      (ELISA), anti-myelin antibodies were found in sera from eight of 16 patients with
      polyneuropathy and paraproteinaemia, but also in 17% of 109 patients with
      peripheral neuropathy lacking monoclonal immunoglobulin, including five of 10
      patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, and in 16% of 142 blood donors. The
      antibodies were mostly of IgM class in the two neuropathy groups, while blood
      donors had mostly IgA antibodies, and a few subjects of each group had antimyelin
      antibodies of two different isotypes. Western blot confirmed the ELISA results in
      a majority of antibody positive sera and revealed a 25-30 kD myelin target
      antigen for sera from the three groups, and for some of the non-paraproteinaemic
      sera also a 100 kD myelin target antigen. Our results demonstrate that the
      presence of serum autoantibodies against peripheral nerve myelin does not
      necessarily indicate a pathological event.

PMID- 3404189
TI  - Emotional and non-emotional facial behaviour in patients with unilateral brain
      damage.
AB  - Aspects of emotional facial expression (responsivity, appropriateness, intensity)
      were examined in brain-damaged adults with right or left hemisphere
      cerebrovascular lesions and in normal controls. Subjects were videotaped during
      experimental procedures designed to elicit emotional facial expression and non
      emotional facial movement (paralysis, mobility, praxis). On tasks of emotional
      facial expression, patients with right hemisphere pathology were less responsive
      and less appropriate than patients with left hemisphere pathology or normal
      controls. These results corroborate other research findings that the right
      cerebral hemisphere is dominant for the expression of facial emotion. Both brain
      damaged groups had substantial facial paralysis and impairment in muscular
      mobility on the hemiface contralateral to site of lesion, and the left brain
      damaged group had bucco-facial apraxia. Performance measures of emotional
      expression and non-emotional movement were uncorrelated, suggesting a
      dissociation between these two systems of facial behaviour.

PMID- 3404190
TI  - The heterogeneity of social outcome following head injury.
AB  - This study compares nine different measures of social outcome applied to 56
      patients seen 0 to 4 years after head injury. Social outcome was found to be
      heterogeneous: correlations between the measures and a principal components
      analysis both indicated that time off work (as a percentage of time since injury)
      was independent of most other measures of social performance. In the group
      studied, the best measures of non-work social performance were the Katz
      Adjustment Scales form 2 (socially expected activity) and Bond's Social Scale,
      which both showed good agreement between subject and informant ratings. If a
      single outcome measure is desired (to include work and non-work social
      performance), the most suitable measure was found to be the Glasgow Outcome
      Scale, original and extended versions.

PMID- 3404191
TI  - Pathogenesis of reduplicative paramnesia.
AB  - The incidence of reduplicative paramnesia was sampled with a structured interview
      in 50 consecutive alcoholic inpatients. Four had reduplicative paramnesia (RP
      group) and 46 did not (non-RP group). Three of four patients in RP group had
      acute right hemispheric lesions and none had a left hemispheric lesion; 19 non-RP
      patients had left hemispheric lesions, 2 had right, and 25 had none. These data
      are in keeping with the previous suggestions that the neuroanatomical basis for
      reduplicative paramnesia is an acute right hemispheric lesion superimposed on
      chronic diffuse or bifrontal deficit.

PMID- 3404192
TI  - The differential involvement of subcortical nuclei in senile dementia of
      Alzheimer's type.
AB  - Cell counts have been performed on cholinergic subcortical nuclei, dorsal raphe
      nucleus, and locus caeruleus from up to 18 cases of Alzheimer's disease and 10
      age-matched control subjects. In general, the extent of cell loss in these
      structures was similar. In the basal nucleus the anteromedial subdivision was the
      least, and the posterior subdivision the most affected. A subgroup of demented
      subjects with Alzheimer's disease had a relatively preserved basal nucleus, and
      frontal lobe (CAT) choline acetyltransferase activities similar to those in
      control subjects, but significantly more neuronal loss in the locus caeruleus.

PMID- 3404193
TI  - Relationship of motor symptoms, intellectual impairment, and depression in
      Parkinson's disease.
AB  - The relationship between severity of disease, intellectual impairment, and
      depression was examined in 50 patients with Parkinson's disease. A significant
      correlation between severity of disease and intellectual impairment suggests that
      both may result from the same subcortical lesions. Depression was not
      significantly related either to severity of disease or to intellectual
      impairment. This suggests that the relationship between severity of disease and
      intellectual impairment was not an artifact of increasing depression. Severity of
      rigidity and of bradykinesia did predict severity of intellectual decline, but
      severity of tremor predicted better intellectual status. Patients with a
      predominance of tremor may have a more benign clinical course as well as better
      intellectual function than patients with a predominance of rigidity and
      bradykinesia.

PMID- 3404196
TI  - Lateral gaze palsy due to giant aneurysm of the posterior fossa.

PMID- 3404195
TI  - Memory loss from a subcortical white matter infarct.
AB  - Clinical disorders of memory are believed to occur from the dysfunction of either
      the mesial temporal lobe, the mesial thalamus, or the basal forebrain. Fibre
      tract damage at the level of the fornix has only inconsistently produced amnesia.
      A patient is reported who suffered a cerebrovascular accident involving the
      posterior limb of the left internal capsule that resulted in a persistent and
      severe disorder of verbal memory. The inferior extent of the lesion effectively
      disconnected the mesial thalamus from the amygdala and the frontal cortex by
      disrupting the ventral amygdalofugal and thalamic-frontal pathways as they course
      through the diencephalon. This case demonstrates that an isolated lesion may
      cause memory loss without involvement of traditional structures associated with
      memory and may explain memory disturbances in other white matter disease such as
      multiple sclerosis and lacunar state.

PMID- 3404197
TI  - Ependymal cyst of the spinal cord presenting with acute paraplegia.

PMID- 3404194
TI  - Dystonia in homocystinuria.
AB  - Three patients with homocystinuria due to cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency
      who developed progressive generalised dystonia are described. Although
      cerebrovascular thrombosis is usually thought to be responsible for neurological
      dysfunction in homocystinuric patients, neuropathological studies in one case and
      clinical and radiological evidence in the other two suggested that dystonia was
      not caused by brain infarction. Movement disorder associated with homocystinuria
      may result from the neurochemical changes in the basal ganglia related to the
      inherited defect in sulphur amino acid metabolism.

PMID- 3404198
TI  - Hyperbaric oxygen and multiple sclerosis.

PMID- 3404199
TI  - Contrast-sensitivity functions of W-, X-, and Y-like relay cells in the lateral
      geniculate nucleus of bush baby, Galago crassicaudatus.
AB  - 1. This paper represents a continuation of our effort to examine the relationship
      between the physiology of distinct classes of primate lateral geniculate nucleus
      (LGN) cells and spatial vision. The present study focuses on modeling the
      contrast-sensitivity functions (CSFs) of separate LGN cell classes, examining
      differences in the CSFs of different classes of LGN cells and comparing the
      results with behaviorally defined CSFs. 2. CSFs to drifting sinusoidal gratings
      were obtained from single LGN relay cells in the nocturnal primate, Galago
      crassicaudatus. The CSFs of 14 X-like, 27 Y-like, and 6 W-like cells with
      standard center-surround organization were well fit by a difference of Gaussians
      (DOG) model with small residual errors (mean error per data point +/- SEM = 0.008
      +/- 0.002). The larger residual errors shown by a few of the Y-like cells were
      not due to nonlinearity of spatial summation. 3. The CSFs of eight cells that
      appeared to have nonstandard center-surround organization (primarily, a silent,
      suppressive surround) were also well fit by the DOG model. 4. The DOG curves that
      best fitted the data differed considerably between the three groups. As a group,
      X-like cells had a small center mechanism (Rc = 0.19 degrees) with high
      sensitivity (Kc = 76.53) and a small, sensitive surround (Rs = 0.71 degrees; Ks =
      5.50). These parameters produced CSFs with high cutoff frequencies (Vcutoff = 2.5
      c/deg) and low peak sensitivities (CSpk = 6.1) that occurred at 0.8 c/deg. 5. Y
      like cells had a large center mechanism (Rc = 0.46 degrees) with low sensitivity
      (Kc = 21.16) and a large, insensitive surround (Rs = 2.38 degrees; Ks = 0.81).
      These parameters produced CSFs with lower cutoff frequencies (Vcutoff = 1.2
      c/deg) and higher peak sensitivities (CSpk = 12.5) that occurred at 0.2 c/deg. 6.
      The few W-like cells that responded to gratings well enough to determine a CSF
      were quite variable. As a group they had a large center mechanism (Rc = 0.38
      degrees) with intermediate sensitivity (Kc = 34.55) and a surround with
      intermediate size and sensitivity (Rs = 1.59 degrees; Ks = 1.59). These produced
      CSFs with intermediate cutoffs (Vcutoff = 1.6 c/deg) and low peak sensitivities
      (CSpk = 5.0) occurring at 0.4 c/deg.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3404200
TI  - Pharmacological modulation of the rod pathway in the cat retina.
AB  - 1. In the intact cat eye, the responses of ganglion cells to light stimulation
      were recorded extracellularly and the actions of iontophoretically applied 2
      amino-4-phosphonobutyrate (APB), a potent agonist at ON-bipolars, and of
      strychnine, a glycine antagonist, were investigated. 2. Under light-adapted
      conditions, the activity of ON-center ganglion cells is decreased by APB but is
      increased by strychnine. APB and strychnine act independently of one another. 3.
      The activity of light-adapted OFF-center ganglion cells is increased by APB and
      by strychnine. The light response remains clearly modulated. Strychnine blocks
      the action of simultaneously applied APB. The results are in agreement with the
      action of a push-pull mechanism, according to which ON-cone-bipolars provide a
      glycinergic input into OFF-center ganglion cells. 4. Under dark-adapted
      conditions, APB blocks the light responses of both ON-center and OFF-center
      ganglion cells. The discharge rate of ON-center ganglion cells is completely
      suppressed; OFF-center ganglion cells show a high maintained discharge. 5.
      Strychnine blocks the scotopic light response of OFF-center ganglion cells and
      blocks the action of simultaneously applied APB. The light response of ON-center
      ganglion cells is hardly affected by strychnine. 6. The effects of strychnine on
      OFF-center ganglion cells are in agreement with the hypothesis that the
      glycinergic AII amacrine cells modulate the activity of the scotopic OFF-channel.
      7. Intravitreally applied APB abolished the scotopic b-wave of the
      electroretinogram at concentrations of 100 microM. 8. Our data suggest that as in
      rabbit (10) the rod bipolars in cat retina are depolarizing (ON) bipolar cells.

PMID- 3404201
TI  - Responses of simple and complex cells to random dot patterns: a quantitative
      comparison.
AB  - 1. There are several reports that random dot patterns are potent stimuli for
      cortical complex cells but not for simple cells. This finding is regarded as
      evidence against Hubel and Wiesel's hierarchical model of cortical circuitry, in
      which simple cells are the principal input to complex cells. We have
      reinvestigated the question quantitatively by recording responses to dot patterns
      from 106 cells in area 17 and the 17/18 border region of normal adult cats. 2.
      The cells were classified as simple (n = 62) or complex (n = 40) (4 were end
      stopped or hypercomplex) on the basis of whether they gave modulated (AC) or
      unmodulated (DC) responses to drifting sine gratings. 3. Although there are large
      within-group differences, we found both simple and complex cells that respond to
      bright random dots on a dark background, drifted across the receptive field at 3
      degrees/s. The responses at the optimal direction averaged 6.2 and 18.1 spikes/s
      (spontaneous activity subtracted) for simple and complex cells, respectively. 4.
      We also recorded responses to drifting sine gratings. Complex cells were also
      found to respond more than simple cells to these stimuli. For each cell, we
      calculated a dot index expressing the dot response relative to grating response.
      The dot index averaged 0.43 for simple cells and 0.55 for complex cells. It
      therefore appears that much of the difference in response to dot patterns
      reflects a difference in general responsivity. 5. In subsamples of cells, we
      examined the effects of varying dot density, dot size, and drift velocity. These
      variables affect different cells in a manner largely independent of cell class.
      Most simple cells in our sample responded well to random dot patterns at several
      velocities, at two different dot sizes and at both 3 and 50% dot densities. 6.
      Our results agree with previous studies in showing that complex cells respond
      more vigorously than simple cells to dot patterns, but the fact that many simple
      cells also respond to these stimuli makes our results consistent with a
      hierarchical model of cortical circuitry.

PMID- 3404203
TI  - Organization of auditory cortex in the albino rat: binaural response properties.
AB  - 1. The binaural response properties of neurons in the auditory cortex of the
      albino rat were examined using microelectrode mapping techniques. Characteristic
      frequencies, binaural response classes, and interaural intensity differences for
      binaural interaction were determined for multiple electrode penetrations across
      the cortical surface. The location of electrode penetrations was determined by
      reference to the cortical vascular pattern in individual animals. 2. When
      examined over a wide range of interaural intensities binaural responses could be
      classified as one of the following types: summation, i.e., excited by stimulation
      of either ear alone and facilitated by stimulation of both ears together (35.3%);
      suppression, i.e., excited by contralateral stimulation, unaffected by
      ipsilateral stimulation alone, but inhibited under binaural stimulus conditions
      (42.2%); mixed, i.e., facilitated by binaural stimulation at near threshold
      levels, but strongly inhibited by increased sound pressure levels in the
      ipsilateral ear (18.5%); or other, i.e., responses that could not be classified
      as any other type (4%). 3. Neurons of the summation and suppression class often
      exhibited binaural interaction when the intensities at both ears were
      approximately equal. The modal interaural intensity difference for both response
      types was between 0 and +5 dB. Neurons of the mixed interaction class were
      facilitate at near equal dichotic intensity but suppressed when the intensity in
      the ipsilateral ear was increased. The modal value was between 0 and +5 dB for
      summation and +20 dB for suppression. 4. Summation, suppression, and mixed
      binaural response types were found over a wide range of sound frequencies from 1
      to 40 kHz. There was some tendency for summation responses to prevail at lower
      frequencies and suppression responses to prevail at higher frequencies but the
      differences were not large. Generally, responses from each of the three binaural
      classes were well represented over the rat's hearing range. 5. Cells of the same
      binaural response type were grouped together to form aggregates of summation,
      suppression, or mixed interaction patterns. Cortical areas with similar binaural
      response properties appeared in some cases to extend across isofrequency
      contours.

PMID- 3404202
TI  - Responses of mitral/tufted cells to orthodromic and antidromic electrical
      stimulation in the olfactory bulb of the tiger salamander.
AB  - 1. Responses evoked by electrical stimulation of the olfactory nerve and
      olfactory tracts were analyzed in 46 output cells of the salamander olfactory
      bulb, in vivo. Labeling of several cells with horseradish peroxidase indicated
      that they were mitral and/or tufted neurons. The responses contained reproducible
      sequences of depolarizing and hyperpolarizing potentials, which changed with
      increases in stimulus intensity. 2. Stimulation of the nerve with intensities
      subthreshold for evoking spikes in the recorded cell resulted in a small
      depolarization followed by a period of hyperpolarization, during which
      spontaneous spikes were suppressed. With suprathreshold stimulus intensities, a
      single spike or often a burst of spikes was evoked, followed by a complex
      prolonged hyperpolarization. When full spikes were blocked by injecting
      hyperpolarizing current through the recording electrode, an excitatory
      postsynaptic potential (EPSP) with two major components and sometimes a fast
      prepotential were observed at the beginning of the response. Amplitudes of the
      EPSP and hyperpolarization increased with graded increases in stimulus intensity.
      In tests with paired stimulus volleys, spike generation was inhibited for at
      least 1 s and often for several seconds during the hyperpolarization. 3.
      Stimulation of the tracts with intensities subthreshold for evoking spikes in the
      recorded cell resulted in a complex prolonged hyperpolarization. With
      suprathreshold stimulus intensities, a single spike was evoked, followed by a
      similar period of hyperpolarization. When full spikes were blocked by injecting
      hyperpolarizing current through the recording electrode, a small antidromic
      spike, presumably generated in the axon or initial segment, was often observed.
      Amplitude of the hyperpolarization increased with graded increases in stimulus
      intensity. In tests with paired volleys, generation of a full antidromic spike
      was inhibited for a period that usually began 20-30 ms, following the spike
      evoked by the conditioning stimulus and lasted 100-500 ms. Full antidromic spikes
      were evoked prior to the period of inhibition and small antidromic spikes were
      evoked during the period. 4. The mean latencies of single evoked spikes or the
      first spikes of bursts decreased from 22 to 17 ms with increases in the intensity
      of nerve stimulation and from 7 to 6 ms with increases in the intensity of tract
      stimulation. Only decreases in orthodromic latency were significant at P less
      than or equal to 0.05, as determined by one-sided t tests between the means of
      responses subdivided according to response pattern and relative stimulus
      intensity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3404204
TI  - Spatial patterns of olfactory bulb single-unit responses to learned olfactory
      cues in young rats.
AB  - 1. Neonatal rat pups were classically conditioned to an odor stimulus from
      postnatal day 1 (PN1) to PN18. Tactile stimulation (stroking) was used as the
      unconditioned stimulus. On PN19, mitral/tufted cell single-unit responses to the
      conditioned odor were examined in both conditioned and control pups. Recordings
      were made from mitral/tufted cells in two regions of the olfactory bulb: 1) an
      area typically associated with focal [14C]2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) uptake in
      response to the conditioned odor and 2) an area distant from focal 2-DG uptake to
      the conditioned odor. Animals were anesthetized with urethane and were naturally
      respiring during the single-unit recording procedure. 2. Changes in mitral/tufted
      cell firing rate in response to odors in both bulbar regions and all training
      groups were classified as either excitatory, suppressive, or no response. This
      response classification was used to compare response patterns to the conditioned
      odor between bulbar regions and training groups. 3. Classical conditioning
      selectively modified the response patterns of mitral/tufted cells to the
      conditioned odor when those cells were associated with regions of focal 2-DG
      uptake for that odor. Mitral/tufted cells demonstrated significantly more
      suppressive and fewer excitatory responses to the conditioned odor than cells in
      control pups. Response patterns to a novel odor were not similarly modified. 4.
      Response patterns of mitral/tufted cells distant from the focal region of 2-DG
      uptake to the conditioned odor were not modified by conditioning compared with
      control pups. 5. The difference in response pattern between cells in the 2-DG
      focus and cells distant to the 2-DG focus was apparent within 500 ms of the
      stimulus onset. Given the respiratory rate of these pups (2 Hz), these data
      suggest that the modified response pattern occurred on the first inhalation of
      the learned odor. 6. These data demonstrate that both spatial and temporal
      patterns of olfactory bulb output neuron activity are used in the coding of
      olfactory information in the bulb. Furthermore, these spatial/temporal response
      patterns can be modified by early learning.

PMID- 3404205
TI  - An intracellular study of time-dependent cardiovascular afferent interactions in
      nucleus tractus solitarius.
AB  - 1. We used a model of bilateral carotid sinus nerve (CSN) stimulation to
      investigate cardiovascular afferent interactions in nucleus tractus solitarius
      (NTS) in anesthetized cats. In some instances, interactions with afferent inputs
      from vagus or renal nerves were also examined. 2. Intracellular recordings were
      made from 88 NTS neurons activated by electrical stimulation of one or both CSNs.
      Excitatory (EPSPs), inhibitory (IPSPs), and combined excitatory and inhibitory
      (EPSP/IPSP) postsynaptic membrane potential responses to ipsilateral CSN
      stimulation were observed. The input from opposite CSN (30 of 34 neurons tested)
      or from other ipsilateral afferent sources (vagus nerve, 10 tested; renal nerve,
      9 tested) was qualitatively the same as that from ipsilateral CSN. 3.
      Conditioning tests demonstrated that the response (EPSP, IPSP, or EPSP/IPSP)
      evoked by a test stimulus to one CSN was reduced in amplitude and/or duration by
      a prior stimulus (1-5 pulses) to the same (82 of 85 neurons) or to the opposite
      (30 of 37 neurons) CSN at conditioning intervals ranging from 50 to 550 ms. For
      cells in which CSN stimulation evoked an EPSP, this inhibitory interaction
      occurred with no change in resting membrane potential and no change in input
      resistance. For cells in which CSN stimulation evoked an IPSP, the inhibitory
      interaction persisted beyond the duration of the CSN evoked IPSP. 4. We
      infrequently (3 cells) observed an excitatory interaction, in which the
      conditioning stimulus resulted in rhythmic depolarization of the neuron and a
      facilitated action potential response to an appropriately timed test stimulus. 5.
      During continuous CSN stimulation, postsynaptic potentials (PSPs) evoked by
      ipsilateral CSN were abolished in the steady state at stimulus frequencies of 5
      20 Hz (n = 14). In cells that received a convergent input from contralateral CSN,
      the PSP evoked by contralateral CSN was usually (6 of 8 tested) abolished at
      lower stimulus frequencies (median difference = 5.0 Hz). 6. We conclude that
      individual NTS neurons frequently have the same PSP response to peripheral
      afferent inputs of different origins. Time-dependent interactions among
      cardiovascular afferent inputs that evoke PSPs of like kind may determine the
      nature of the integrated signal conveyed from NTS to subsequent cardiovascular
      related central nuclei. Both inhibitory and, less frequently, excitatory time
      dependent interactions between cardiovascular afferent inputs occur. The absence
      of membrane potential changes associated with the inhibitory interaction suggests
      it may be mediated by disfacilitation.

PMID- 3404206
TI  - The trajectory of human wrist movements.
AB  - 1. To determine the form of human movement trajectories and the factors that
      determine this form, normal subjects performed wrist flexion movements against
      various elastic, viscous, and inertial loads. The subjects were instructed with
      visual and auditory feedback to make a movement of prescribed amplitude in a
      present period of time, but were free to choose any trajectory that fulfilled
      these constraints. 2. The trajectories were examined critically to determine if
      they corresponded to those which would minimize the root mean square (RMS) value
      of some kinematic variable or of energy consumption. The data agreed better with
      the trajectory that minimized the RMS value of jerk (the third derivative of
      length) than that of acceleration. However, systematic deviations from the
      minimum jerk predictions were consistently observed whenever movements were made
      against elastic and viscous loads. 3. Improved agreement could generally be
      obtained by assuming that the velocity profile varied according to a normal
      (Gaussian) curve. We conclude that minimization of jerk is not a general
      principle used by the nervous system in organizing voluntary movements, although
      movements may approach the predicted form, particularly under inertial loading
      conditions. 4. The EMG of the agonist muscles consisted of relatively simple
      waveforms containing ramplike increases and approximately exponential decays. The
      form of the movements could often be predicted quite well by using the EMG as an
      input to a linear second-order model of the muscle plus load. Rather than
      rigorously minimizing a kinematic variable or energy consumption, the nervous
      system may generate simple waveforms and adjust the parameters of these waveforms
      by trial and error until a trajectory is achieved that meets the requirements for
      a given load.

PMID- 3404207
TI  - Proprioceptive input patterns elevator activity in the locust flight system.
AB  - 1. In the locust, Locusta migratoria, the roles of two groups of wing sense
      organs, hind wing tegulae and wing-hinge stretch receptors, in the generation of
      the flight motor pattern were investigated. A preparation was employed that
      allowed the intracellular recording of neural activity in almost intact tethered
      flying locusts or after selective manipulations of sensory input. The functions
      of the two sets of receptors were assessed 1) by studying the phases of their
      discharges in the wingbeat cycle (Fig. 3), 2) by the selective ablation of input
      from the receptors (Figs. 4-7), and 3) by the selective stimulation of the
      receptor afferents (Figs. 8-12). 2. Input from the tegulae was found to be
      responsible for the initiation of elevator activity (Figs. 9 and 10) and for the
      generation of a distinct initial rapid depolarization (Figs. 4, 5, and 8)
      characteristic of elevator motor neuron activity in intact locusts (Figs. 1 and
      16). 3. Input from the wing-hinge stretch receptors was found to control the
      duration of elevator depolarizations by the graded suppression of a second late
      component of the elevator depolarizations as wingbeat frequency increased (Figs.
      6, 7, 11, and 12). The characteristics of this late component of elevator
      activity suggested that it is generated by the same (central nervous) mechanism
      that produces the elevator depolarizations recorded in deafferented animals (Fig.
      2). Apparently this late component contributes to the intact pattern of elevator
      depolarizations only at lower wingbeat frequencies and is abolished by the action
      of stretch-receptor input at frequencies above approximately 15 Hz (Figs. 1, 2,
      and 4). At these high wingbeat frequencies elevator activity is dominated by the
      rapid depolarizations generated as a result of tegula input. 4. The present study
      demonstrates 1) that the timing of elevator motor neuron activity is determined
      by phasic afferent input from tegulae and stretch receptors and 2) that input
      from the stretch receptors controls the duration of elevator activity in the
      wingbeat cycle following the wing movement that was responsible for the
      generation of the receptor discharge.

PMID- 3404208
TI  - A slow calcium-dependent chloride conductance in clonal anterior pituitary cells.
AB  - 1. Whole cell voltage-clamp recordings were made from GH3 cells, a clonal cell
      line initially derived from a rat anterior pituitary tumor, using patch
      electrodes filled with CsCl or N-methylglucamine chloride (NMG Cl). The bathing
      medium contained tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA; 20 mM) and NaCl (120 mM) or
      NMG Cl (140 mM). These conditions resulted in substantial blockade of outward
      currents. 2. Depolarizing voltage steps from a holding potential of -50 mV
      activated transient (T-type) and sustained (L-type) inward Ca2+ currents. In
      addition, prolonged depolarization (greater than 1 s) invariably elicited a
      slowly activating inward current that persisted with maintained depolarization,
      and deactivated slowly on repolarization, resulting in a prominent inward tail
      current. 3. This tail current could be recorded under conditions where Ca2+ and
      Cl- were the only membrane-permeant ions (symmetrical NMG Cl). The tail current
      nulled near 0 mV with symmetrical Cl- and showed a negative reversal potential
      with nominally Cl--free internal solution. Ba2+ substituted for Ca2+ as a carrier
      of inward current, but no tail current was expressed. These observations indicate
      that Cl- is the charge carrier of the slow inward tail current. 4. The voltage
      dependence for activation of the slow tail current was U-shaped with a peak at
      approximately -10 mV. This closely paralleled the voltage dependency of the Ca2+
      currents. Recordings with 5 mM internal ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethylether)
      N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) to buffer intracellular Ca2+ to low nM levels
      exhibited slow inward tail currents that were of lower peak amplitude than with
      the usual 1.1 mM EGTA-containing pipette solution, but the kinetics of the
      currents were similar in both cases. In addition, the slow tail current was
      eliminated on superfusion with the Ca2+ channel blocker Cd2+ or with Ca2+-free
      medium. These results demonstrate that the current is dependent on Ca2+ influx;
      it is, therefore, referred to as ICl(Ca). 5. Activation of ICl(Ca) required
      depolarization of at least 1 s. More prolonged depolarizations activated
      progressively greater current, to a maximum with 6-s depolarization. In most
      cases, the decay of the tail current was described by a single exponential
      function with time constant approximately 0.8-0.9 s within the potential range 
      80 to -30 mV. At more depolarized potentials the decay was slower (increasing e
      fold/20-mV change in membrane potential). 6. In a high proportion of cells,
      ICl(Ca) rapidly diminished in amplitude on repeated activation. This "rundown"
      occurred more rapidly than the rundown of the Ca2+ currents.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3404209
TI  - Taste responses in the parabrachial pons of decerebrate rats.
AB  - 1. Behavioral studies have shown that chronic decerebrate rats retain the
      capacity to react appropriately to gustatory stimuli (12), but do not form taste
      illness associations (13). Little is known, however, about the effects of
      decerebration on the processing of gustatory information. The present experiment
      was designed to investigate this issue in the parabrachial nucleus of the pons
      (PbN). 2. Rats were decerebrated at the supracollicular level under ketamine and
      ether anesthesia and were prepared for electrical recording in the PbN.
      Thereafter, animals were maintained under Flaxedil, and wound edges were
      frequently treated with lidocaine. Heart rate, core temperature, and CO2 were
      monitored throughout each experiment. Control subjects were treated identically,
      except that they were not decerebrated. 3. Sapid solutions of NaCl (0.1 M), HCl
      (0.01 M), sucrose (0.5 M), saccharin sodium (0.004 M), and quinine HCl (.01 M)
      were used as taste stimuli. After a 10-s base line, each stimulus was bathed over
      the tongue for 10 s followed by a 10-s wait and a 20-s rinse of distilled water.
      The intertrial interval was at least 2 min. 4. Gustatory responses from 32
      parabrachial units in 13 decerebrate rats were recorded. These were compared with
      responses in 31 units from the PbN of 16 intact rats. 5. Analysis of response
      profiles of PbN units in decerebrate rats showed that these units produced
      smaller responses to NaCl and HCl and larger responses to saccharin sodium
      compared with units in intact rats. 6. Despite changes in response magnitude, the
      temporal patterns of response (phasic-tonic relationships) were not different in
      PbN units in decerebrate rats compared with controls. Differences in the length
      of responses were, however, apparent. Responses to saccharin sodium were longer,
      response to NaCl, HCl and sucrose were shorter, and responses to quinine HCl were
      unchanged. 7. Results of a multidimensional scaling analysis of the response
      profiles across units showed that "taste spaces" for decerebrate and intact rats
      were similar. Units in each group were meaningfully placed near stimuli that
      evoked the best response in a given unit. Units that did not respond well to any
      stimulus were placed close together regardless of their best stimulus in both
      taste spaces. 8. Responses to the termination of the taste stimulus (OFF
      responses) were observed in PbN units in the decerebrate rat but not in units
      from the intact rat. Twenty-one OFF-responses were recorded in 14 units; 6 of
      these occurred in the absence of a response to the stimulus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3404210
TI  - Influence of stimulus parameters on human postural responses.
AB  - 1. The role of sensory information in shaping muscle activation patterns to
      postural perturbations in humans was investigated by varying velocity, amplitude,
      or duration of the perturbing stimulus. Ten normal subjects were exposed to 120
      backward translations of the support surface under conditions of varying
      velocities (10-35 cm/s, constant amplitude), varying amplitudes (1.2-12 cm,
      constant velocity), or varying durations (40-800 ms). The effects of perturbation
      parameters on movement kinematics and EMG latencies, patterns, and integrated
      areas in six trunk and leg muscles were examined. Integrated EMG activity was
      normalized across subjects and the early (first 75 ms), middle (second 75 ms),
      and late (last 350 ms) components were analyzed separately. 2. Ankle, knee, and
      hip angle trajectories and surface reactive forces suggest that a relatively
      consistent movement strategy was scaled to the perturbation velocities and
      amplitudes applied. 3. Short-duration perturbations (75 ms) evoked a single burst
      of muscle activity (75-100 ms duration) in gastrocnemius, hamstrings, paraspinal,
      and rectus abdominis muscles at latencies too long to be explained by simple
      stretch reflexes. EMG latencies, patterns, and integrated areas were independent
      of the velocity and amplitude of the short-duration perturbations, suggesting a
      minimal time to incorporate peripheral velocity information into the triggered
      response. 4. For translations lasting longer than 75 ms, the integrated areas of
      the early agonist EMG bursts were positively correlated with stimulus velocity.
      The integrated area of later, more tonic EMG components were best correlated with
      stimulus amplitude. These relationships were found in both distal (stretched)
      muscles and in proximal muscles. Absolute latencies (94-145 ms), intersegmental
      latencies (18-29 ms), and burst durations (75-100 ms) were not influenced by the
      velocity or amplitude of the stimulus. 5. These results suggest that the spatial
      and temporal organization of automatic postural responses may be organized
      independently of response intensity. Within a particular spatial-temporal
      pattern, the amount of muscle activation appears to be adjusted by sensory
      information, which specifies velocity and amplitude of the perturbation.

PMID- 3404211
TI  - Regularity and latency of units in ventral cochlear nucleus: implications for
      unit classification and generation of response properties.
AB  - 1. The responses of neurons in the ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN) of decerebrate
      cats are described with regard to their regularity of discharge and latency.
      Regularity is measured by estimating the mean and standard deviation of
      interspike intervals as a function of time during responses to short tone bursts
      (25 ms). This method extends the usual interspike-interval analysis based on
      interval histograms by allowing the study of temporal changes in regularity
      during transient responses. The coefficient of variation (CV), equal to the ratio
      of standard deviation to mean interspike interval, is used as a measure of
      irregularity. Latency is measured as the mean and standard deviation of the
      latency of the first spike in response to short tone bursts, with 1.6-ms rise
      times. 2. The regularity and latency properties of the usual PST histogram
      response types are shown. Five major PST response type classes are used: chopper,
      primary-like, onset, onset-C, and unusual. The presence of a prepotential in a
      unit's action potentials is also noted; a prepotential implies that the unit is
      recorded from a bushy cell. 3. Units with chopper PST histograms give the most
      regular discharge. Three varieties of choppers are found. Chop-S units (regular
      choppers) have CVs less than 0.35 that are approximately constant during the
      response; chop-S units show no adaptation of instantaneous rate, as measured by
      the inverse of the mean interspike interval. Chop-T units have CVs greater than
      0.35, show an increase in irregularity during the response and show substantial
      rate adaptation. Chop-U units have CVs greater than 0.35, show a decrease in
      irregularity during the response, and show a variety of rate adaptation
      behaviors, including negative adaptation (an increase in rate during a short-tone
      response). Irregular choppers (chop-T and chop-U units) rarely have CVs greater
      than 0.5. Choppers have the longest latencies of VCN units; all three groups have
      mean latencies at least 1 ms longer than the shortest auditory nerve (AN) fiber
      mean latencies. 4. Chopper units are recorded from stellate cells in VCN (35,
      42). Our results for chopper units suggest a model for stellate cells in which a
      regularly firing action potential generator is driven by the summation of the AN
      inputs to the cell, where the summation is low-pass filtered by the membrane
      capacitance of the cell.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3404212
TI  - Relative contributions of passive equilibrium and active transport to the
      distribution of chloride in mammalian cortical neurons.
AB  - 1. Active and passive factors affecting the chloride gradient of cortical neurons
      were assessed using intracellular recordings from neurons in slices of cingulate
      cortex maintained in vitro. The chloride equilibrium potential (ECl-) was
      estimated indirectly from the reversal potentials of responses to perisomatic
      gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) application and the Cl(-)-dependent inhibitory
      postsynaptic potential (IPSP). Under control conditions the mean resting
      potential (Vm; -69.7 mV) was not significantly different than the mean IPSP
      reversal potential (EIPSP; -70.1 mV). 2. Increasing the external potassium
      concentration ([K+]o) from 1 to 10 mM shifted the mean EIPSP from -80.4 to -61.8
      mV. The mean EIPSP was approximately equal to the mean Vm at all [K+]oS. The
      conditions of Donnan equilibrium are not met in [K+]o less than 10 mM. 3.
      Polarization of Vm up to 20 mV away from EIPSP for 4 min with maintained current
      injection had no significant effect on EIPSP. 4. The GABA reversal potential was
      maintained 37-52 mV less negative than Vm after equilibration in saline in which
      the external chloride concentration had been reduced from 133 to 5 mM by
      substitution with isethionate. Vm and input resistance were not significantly
      different from control values in cells recorded under these conditions. 5. We
      conclude that Cl- is not passively distributed in cortical neurons, perhaps due
      to a low resting Cl- permeability. 6. Impalement with electrodes containing 2 M
      KCl resulted in a rapid 10 mV depolarizing shift in EIPSP that then remained
      relatively constant. Intracellular iontophoresis of Cl- resulted in a further
      depolarizing shift of EIPSP of 5-10 mV that returned to control in less than 1
      min. The time course of recovery of IPSP amplitude could be fit with a single
      exponential having a mean time constant of 6.9 +/- 1.5 s and was independent of
      the amount of Cl- injected or stimulation frequency. 7. Reductions in temperature
      from 37 to 32 degrees C significantly increased the mean time constant of IPSP
      recovery from Cl- injection to 11.1 +/- 3.3 s, corresponding to Q10 =
      2.6.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3404213
TI  - Nonequivalent cylinder models of neurons: interpretation of voltage transients
      generated by somatic current injection.
AB  - 1. Numerical methods were used to simulate the voltage responses to an
      intrasomatic current step of neuronal models that incorporated tapering
      dendrites, dendrites of unequal electrotonic length, nonlinear membrane
      properties, and regional differences in specific membrane resistivity (Rm). A
      "peeling" technique was used to estimate the time constants (tau 0 and tau 1) and
      coefficients (a0 and a1) of the first two exponential terms of the series of
      exponential terms whose sum represented the slope of the voltage response. 2. The
      electrotonic structure of models with a uniform Rm was calculated using equations
      derived by Rall or Johnston or Brown et al. The adequacy of these methods were
      tested using a wide variety of models that conformed to the equivalent cylinder
      approximation of Rall. Johnston's method provided the most reliable estimate of
      electrotonic length (L) and the ratio of the dendritic conductance to the somatic
      conductance (rho). However, if L exceeded 2 and rho was eight or larger, the
      equations derived by Johnston could frequently not be solved due to small errors
      in the peeled values of tau 0, tau 1, a0, and a1. Although the method suggested
      by Brown et al. could be applied to all models, this method invariably
      underestimated L and rho. These errors were particularly large for model neurons
      with L values of 1.5 or larger and rho values of four or larger. Estimates of L
      using Rall's method were only reliable if rho was large and L was two or less. 3.
      Changing the geometry of the dendritic tree (dendritic tapering or dendrites of
      unequal L) or the addition of a time- and voltage-dependent conductance designed
      to mimic a sag process commonly seen in spinal motoneurons caused systematic
      changes in tau 0, tau 1, a0, and a1. The sag process always led to an
      underestimate of tau 0 even after applying a correction procedure. On the other
      hand, the ratio, tau 0/tau 1, was not affected by the sag process or dendritic
      tapering.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3404214
TI  - Differences in somatic and dendritic specific membrane resistivity of spinal
      motoneurons: an electrophysiological study of neck and shoulder motoneurons in
      the cat.
AB  - 1. The voltage response to a hyperpolarizing current step was used to estimate
      the electrotonic structure of neck and shoulder motoneurons in anesthetized cats.
      The coefficients (a0 and a1) and time constants (tau 0 and tau 1) of the first
      two exponential terms of the series of exponential terms whose sum represented
      the slope of the voltage response were calculated using a standardized "peeling"
      technique. 2. Input resistance, membrane time constant, and electrotonic length
      were similar to values reported for other spinal motoneurons. The voltage
      response of most neck and shoulder motoneurons had a slow, nonlinear component,
      commonly known as sag, which is also a feature of other spinal motoneurons.
      Estimates of motoneuron surface area were up to two times larger than the surface
      area of hindlimb motoneurons. 3. It was possible to estimate electrotonic length
      and the ratio of the dendritic conductance to the somatic conductance using
      Johnston's technique for only 6 of 51 motoneurons examined. The responses of
      these motoneurons were identical to the responses of equivalent cylinder models
      that had an electrotonic structure derived from the application of Johnston's
      technique. 4. We were unable to use Johnston's technique for the remaining
      motoneurons because the ratio, a1/a0, exceeded 2.0. For these motoneurons it was
      usually impossible to find an equivalent cylinder model whose response matched
      the experimental data. The failure of equivalent cylinder models to accurately
      predict the responses of neck and shoulder motoneurons could not be attributed to
      the sag process or the dendritic geometry of these cells. 5. The electrotonic
      structure of a group of these motoneurons was further examined using the somatic
      shunt model developed by Durand and Kawato. After shifting the base line of the
      experimental records by 1-2 mV in the depolarizing direction, it was possible to
      find a somatic shunt model whose response was identical to the experimentally
      recorded voltage response.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3404215
TI  - The vestibular nerve of the chinchilla. I. Peripheral innervation patterns in the
      horizontal and superior semicircular canals.
AB  - 1. Afferent fibers supplying the horizontal and superior semicircular canals of
      the chinchilla were labeled by extracellular injections of horseradish peroxidase
      (HRP) into the vestibular nerve. The arborizations of labeled fibers within the
      sensory epithelium were reconstructed from serial sections of the crista. 2. The
      sensory epithelium of the crista can be divided into central, intermediate, and
      peripheral zones of approximately equal areas. The three zones can be
      distinguished in normal material by the density of hair cells and by the
      morphology of calyx endings. 3. Labeled fibers supply either the canalicular or
      the utricular side of the crista. Axons seldom bifurcate below the basement
      membrane and they begin dividing into their terminal arborizations almost
      immediately upon entering the sensory epithelium. The arborizations are compact,
      seldom extending more than 50 micron from the parent axon. 4. Both calyx and
      bouton endings were labeled. Calyces can be simple or complex. Simple calyces
      innervate individual hair cells, whereas complex calyces supply two to three
      adjacent hair cells. Complex calyces are commonly found only in the central zone.
      Simple calyces and boutons are located in all regions of the epithelium. Calyces
      emerge from the parent axon or one of its thick branches. Boutons, whether en
      passant or terminal, are always located on thin processes. 5. Fibers were
      classified as calyx, bouton, or dimorphic. The first type only has calyx endings,
      the second only has bouton endings, and the third has both kinds of endings.
      Dimorphic units make up some 70% of the labeled fibers, bouton units some 20%,
      and calyx units some 10%. The three fiber types differ in the diameters of their
      parent axons and in the regions of the crista they supply. Axon diameters are
      largest for calyx units and smallest for bouton units. Calyx units are
      concentrated in the central zone of the crista, whereas bouton units are largely
      confined to the peripheral zone. Dimorphic units are seen throughout the sensory
      epithelium. 6. Calyx units are almost always unbranched and end as simple calyces
      or, less often, as complex calyces. The terminal arbors of bouton units consist
      of fine processes containing 15-80 endings. Dimorphic units vary in complexity
      from fibers with a single calyx and a few boutons to those with one to four
      calyces and more than 50 boutons. 7. The results emphasize the importance of
      dimorphic units, which were the most numerous type of afferent fiber labeled in
      this study and were the only units found to innervate all regions of the sensory
      epithelium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3404217
TI  - Strategies that simplify the control of quadrupedal stance. I. Forces at the
      ground.
AB  - 1. Postural reactions were studied in six cats subjected to small, linear
      translations of the supporting surface in each of 16 different directions in the
      horizontal plane. Directions were specified in a polar coordinate system, with
      posterior translations being 0 degrees and leftward translations, 90 degrees. The
      data consisted of the forces exerted by each paw of the cat against the ground,
      measured in three orthogonal directions, vertical (z-axis), longitudinal (y
      axis), and lateral (x-axis). 2. The force traces were analyzed by measuring the
      area under the curve during the postural reaction and dividing by the time of
      integration to give an average change in force. These values were normalized and
      plotted against direction of translation in polar coordinates, to give force
      tuning curves. The longitudinal and lateral force components were combined to
      generate force vectors in the horizontal plane. 3. Every cat responded to the
      platform translations with the same, simple strategy in which each hindlimb
      actively produced a correction force vector in one of only two possible
      directions. Participation of the forelimbs in the horizontal plane correction was
      not obligatory. While the direction of each hindlimb force vector was invariant,
      the amplitude was modulated according to the direction of platform movement. The
      resultant force vector, that acts through the center of mass of the animal, was
      in a direction opposite to the platform movement and directly opposed the
      perturbation. By this strategy, the cat was able to correct for destabilizing
      movements of the supporting surface in any direction in the horizontal plane. 4.
      It is concluded that the generation of forces between the paws and the ground is
      a high-level parameter that is controlled by the nervous system in a task
      dependent manner. By using the strategy of restricting these forces to a set of
      two direction-invariant vectors, the problem of maintaining stance in the face of
      horizontal plane disturbances is greatly simplified.

PMID- 3404216
TI  - The vestibular nerve of the chinchilla. II. Relation between afferent response
      properties and peripheral innervation patterns in the semicircular canals.
AB  - 1. The relation between the response properties of semicircular canal afferents
      and their peripheral innervation patterns was studied by the use of intra-axonal
      labeling techniques. Fifty physiologically characterized units were injected with
      horseradish peroxidase (HRP) or Lucifer yellow CH (LY) and their processes were
      traced to the crista. The resting discharge, discharge regularity, and responses
      to both externally applied galvanic currents and sinusoidal head rotations were
      determined for most neurons. Terminal fields were reconstructed and, as in the
      preceding paper, the fibers were classified as calyx, bouton, or dimorphic units.
      2. To determine if the intra-axonal sample was representative, the physiological
      properties of the labeled units were compared with those of a sample of
      extracellularly recorded units. A comparison was also made between the morphology
      of the intra-axonal units and those labeled by extracellular injection of HRP
      into the vestibular nerve Most of the discrepancies between the intra-axonal and
      the two extracellular samples can be explained by assuming that small-diameter
      fibers are underrepresented in the former sample. 3. A normalized coefficient of
      variation (CV*), independent of discharge rate, was used to classify units as
      regular, intermediate, or irregular. The CV* ranged from 0.020 to 0.60. Regular
      units (CV* less than or equal to 0.10) outnumbered irregular units (CV* greater
      than or equal to 0.20) by an approximately 3:1 ratio and had higher resting
      discharges. 4. Calyx units were invariably irregular. The one recovered bouton
      unit was regular. The discharge regularity of dimorphic units was related to
      their epithelial location, with those found in the periphery of the crista having
      a more regular discharge than those located more centrally. Dimorphic units, even
      those with quite similar morphology, can differ in their discharge regularity.
      Calyx and dimorphic units, which differ in their morphology, can both be
      irregular. These observations imply that discharge regularity is not determined
      by the branching pattern of a fiber or the number and types of hair cells it
      contacts. 5. The galvanic sensitivity (beta*) of an afferent, irrespective of its
      peripheral innervation pattern, was strongly correlated with CV*. This is
      consistent with the notion that discharge regularity and galvanic sensitivity are
      causally related, both being determined by postspike recovery mechanisms of the
      afferent nerve terminal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3404218
TI  - Strategies that simplify the control of quadrupedal stance. II. Electromyographic
      activity.
AB  - 1. This study tested the hypothesis that muscle synergies underlie the invariance
      in the direction of corrective forces observed following stance perturbations in
      the horizontal plane. Electromyographic activity was recorded from selected
      forelimb and hindlimb muscles of cats subjected to horizontal translations of the
      supporting surface in 16 different directions. The responses of muscles were
      quantified for each perturbation, and tuning curves were constructed that related
      the amplitude of muscle response to the direction of platform movement. 2. Muscle
      tuning curves tended to group into one of two regions, corresponding to the two
      directions of force vectors. A few muscles showed clearly different recruitment
      patterns. The same direction of correction force vector was produced by different
      patterns of muscle activity, and the particular EMG pattern depended on the
      direction of platform movement. Therefore a simple muscle synergy organization
      could not account for the invariance in force vector generation. 3. It is
      concluded that there is a hierarchy of control in the maintenance of stance in
      which the vector of force exerted against the ground is a high level, task
      dependent controlled variable and the selection of muscles to activate in order
      to produce the vector is controlled at a lower level. It is proposed that muscles
      are controlled using a modified synergy strategy. In this scheme, a synergy is
      not simply a fixed group of muscles, constrained to act as a unit. Rather,
      muscles are organized as a task-dependent synergy that is tuned or modified as
      needed by the addition or subtraction of other muscles.

PMID- 3404219
TI  - Structure-function relationships in the primate superior colliculus. I.
      Morphological classification of efferent neurons.
AB  - 1. Neurons in the superior colliculus (SC) of anesthetized paralyzed squirrel
      monkeys were injected intracellularly with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) to
      establish a morphological classification of tectal efferent neurons in this
      species. These neurons were physiologically identified by their antidromic
      responses following stimulation of the contralateral predorsal bundle or SC.
      These cells also responded with postsynaptic potentials to stimulation of the
      ipsilateral substantia nigra and cerebral peduncle and the contralateral tectum.
      2. Quantitative light microscopic analysis of the somatodendritic profiles and
      axonal trajectories of 27 recovered cells revealed the existence of three major
      groups of tectal efferent neurons: L (n = 7), X (n = 8), and T (n = 12). 3. L
      neurons are small or medium size cells with relatively elaborate dendritic trees
      and are located mainly in the superficial layers of the SC. They participate in
      the ipsilateral descending and dorsal ascending tectofugal bundles. Intrinsic
      collaterals of L axons deploy a large number of boutons both near the parent cell
      body and more ventrally within the deeper tectal layers. 4. X neurons are mostly
      large in size and multipolar in shape with relatively complex dendritic trees.
      Their cell bodies are situated mainly in the stratum griseum intermedium and
      occasionally in the stratum opticum. Axons of X neurons participate in the
      crossed descending and ipsilateral ventral ascending projections of the SC. In
      addition, the axonal system of about half of the X neurons includes recurrent
      collaterals. 5. T neurons are located mainly in the ventral stratum opticum and
      the dorsal stratum griseum intermedium. They have small or medium-sized,
      trapezoid or ovoid cell bodies and relatively simple radiating or vertical
      dendritic trees. Their axons usually participate in two of the major tectofugal
      bundles besides providing a commissural component and recurrent collaterals. 6.
      Morphological details revealed in the present study support the notion that
      distinct tectofugal axonal systems originate from efferent neurons of the primate
      SC that differ both as to their location in the tectum as well as the appearance
      of their somata and dendritic trees. The resulting morphological classification
      of tectal efferent cells provides a framework for the analysis of tectal function
      in terms of populations of identified neurons.

PMID- 3404220
TI  - Structure-function relationships in the primate superior colliculus. II.
      Morphological identity of presaccadic neurons.
AB  - 1. Microelectrodes filled with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were inserted in the
      superior colliculus (SC) of alert squirrel monkeys. Spontaneous eye movements
      were monitored in the dark during recording and intraaxonal injection of fibers
      carrying presaccadic signals. 2. Analysis of the relationship between neuronal
      activity and saccadic parameters indicates that saccade-related neurons can be
      functionally classified into: 1) vectorial long-lead burst neurons (n = 31), and
      2) directional long-lead burst neurons. 3. Vectorial long-lead burst neurons have
      little if any spontaneous activity and burst intensely before spontaneous
      saccades within their movement fields with a latency of approximately 20 ms.
      Their cell bodies were recovered mostly (4/5) in the stratum opticum of the SC.
      The mediolateral and anteroposterior location of these tectal long-lead burst
      neurons (TLLBs) together with their movement fields are consistent with existing
      descriptions of the motor map of the deeper tectal layers. Due to their
      somatodendritic morphology and pattern of axonal trajectories, TLLBs belong to
      the T group of tectal efferent neurons that was described in our companion
      report. Through its branched axonal system each TLLB can relay a signal coding
      intended eye displacement to reticular targets of the predorsal bundle (PDB),
      contralateral tectum, ipsilateral mesencephalic reticular formation (MRF), and
      rostrally located ipsilateral targets of the SC, besides participating in
      intratectal information processing. 4. Recovered tectal neurons (n = 4) with
      activity not related to spontaneous saccades participate in the predorsal and
      ventral ascending tectofugal bundles as well as the projection to the ipsilateral
      mesencephalic reticular formation. They do not participate in the commissural
      projection of the SC and need not have recurrent collaterals. Due to their
      somatodendritic morphology and pattern of axonal trajectories, these cells belong
      to the X group of tectal efferent neurons that was described in the preceding
      paper. 5. Recovered cells of origin of directional long-lead burst fibers
      recorded in the SC (n = 5) are located in the tectorecipient portion of the MRF
      and their axonal terminals are entirely contained within the SC. The high
      frequency portion of the discharge of these reticulotectal long-lead burst
      neurons (RTLLBs) precedes most contraversive saccades by approximately 19
      ms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3404221
TI  - Compartmentalization of motor units in the cat neck muscle, biventer cervicis.
AB  - 1. The neck muscle biventer cervicis is supplied by five separate nerve bundles
      that originate from segments C2-C5 and enter the muscle at different rostrocaudal
      levels. We have used the glycogen-depletion method to investigate the
      distribution of muscle fibers supplied by each nerve bundle and also the extent
      of motor-unit territories supplied by single motoneurons in the C3 segment. 2.
      Prolonged intermittent stimulation of each nerve bundle produced glycogen
      depletion in a compartment of muscle fibers that ran only a fraction of the whole
      muscle length. The depleted compartment was separated by tendinous inscriptions
      from adjacent, serially arranged compartments that were supplied by different
      nerve bundles. Thus the muscle was divided into five in-series compartments,
      arranged in the same rostrocaudal sequence as the nerves by which they were
      supplied. 3. Six fast, glycolytic (FG) and five fast, oxidative-glycolytic (FOG)
      motor units were depleted by repetitive intracellular stimulation of their
      antidromically identified motoneurons in the C3 segment. The fibers of each motor
      unit were confined to a striplike subvolume whose cross-sectional area was only
      20-40% of that for the whole compartment in which it was located. Single motor
      units contained an average of 408 extrafusal fibers (range: 262-582 fibers), and
      these were distributed with an average density of 20 fibers/mm2 in cross sections
      through their motor domains. No significant differences were found between the
      numbers or densities of fibers in FG and FOG motor units. 4. The specialized in
      series organization of compartments has functional implications because the
      forces generated by one compartment of motor units must be transmitted through
      other in-series compartments of muscle fibers rather than directly onto skeletal
      attachments. The confined distribution of muscle fibers belonging to a single
      motor unit suggests that an additional level of organization may exist within
      individual compartments. The implications of these features for the physiological
      behavior and neural control of biventer cervicis are discussed.

PMID- 3404222
TI  - Neural coding of quality of complex olfactory stimuli in lobsters.
AB  - 1. Extracellular responses to complex biologically relevant stimuli were recorded
      from 30 primary olfactory cells from excised antennules of spiny lobsters. The
      stimulus types were natural extracts of crab, mullet, oyster, and shrimp and
      artificial mixtures of crab, mullet, oyster and shrimp based on the chemical
      composition of the related extracts. All stimulus types were presented at the
      following three concentrations: 0.005, 0.05, and 0.5 mM. 2. The responses were
      expressed as number of spikes per 5 s. Response magnitude increased significantly
      as a function of concentration. It was significantly greater for the natural
      extracts than for the related artificial mixtures but was not significantly
      different among stimulus types within either natural extracts or artificial
      mixtures. 3. The cells were broadly tuned to all stimuli. Tuning slightly, but
      significantly, broadened as a function of stimulus concentration. 4.
      Multidimensional scaling (MDS) was used to evaluate similarities and
      dissimilarities among stimuli based on population responses. The artificial
      mixtures and the natural extracts were analyzed separately. Dimensionality of
      spatial configuration was based on the following three criteria: stress values,
      squared correlation values, and relevance to quality coding. 5. When applied to
      the original data, MDS distributed the stimuli in a two-dimensional space where
      the location of each stimulus was based mainly on stimulus concentration. The
      results of a simple standardization procedure showed that this distribution
      resulted mostly from the significant effect of concentration on one of the two
      features of population responses, which is the absolute magnitude. This
      standardization procedure equalized the three concentrations in terms of absolute
      magnitude of evoked response. Consequently, the neural population responses of
      the 12 stimuli (4 types X 3 concentrations) could be compared based only on their
      across-neuron patterns (ANPs) (relative amount of activity across neurons). 6.
      When stress and squared correlation values were used as criteria for
      dimensionality, the configuration of the artificial mixtures space was best
      derived from dimensions 1, 2, and 3 of the three-dimensional resolution. When
      relevance to quality coding was used, the configuration of the artificial
      mixtures space was best derived from dimensions 1, 3, and 4 of the four
      dimensional resolution. Whether stress and squared correlation values or
      relevance to quality coding were used, the four types of stimuli occupied
      nonoverlapping spaces.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3404223
TI  - Neuronal activity in cortical motor areas related to ipsilateral, contralateral,
      and bilateral digit movements of the monkey.
AB  - 1. Single cell activity was studied in the precentral (PCM), premotor (PM), and
      supplementary (SMA) motor cortex of the monkey to compare magnitudes of activity
      changes in relation to ipsilateral, contralateral, and bilateral digit movements.
      2. Three Japanese monkeys were trained to press a small key with the right or
      left hand, or with both hands, in accordance with visual instruction signals
      given 2.6-5.4 s before a visual movement-trigger signal. Great care was taken to
      train the animal to use only the required part of the limb. As a result of
      extensive training, electromyographic (EMG) studies revealed that muscle
      activities before the key press were limited to the digit and hand muscles of the
      limb instructed to move. No overt increase or decrease in activity was detectable
      in the proximal limb or body muscles in relation to the key-press movements or
      instructions. 3. Even though the movement was thus limited to distal forelimb,
      distinct ipsilateral relationships were observed in 8.2% of the task-related PCM
      neurons. They changed their activity before ipsilateral and bilateral (but not
      before contralateral) key press. 4. A majority of the neurons recorded from the
      digit area of PCM (mostly limited to the anterior bank of the central sulcus)
      exhibited a contralateral relationship; namely the activity increased or
      decreased before the onset of the contralateral and bilateral key-press
      movements. In most of them, the magnitudes of the activity changes before the
      contralateral and bilateral movements were similar. 5. In proximal limb and trunk
      areas of PCM and also in the somatosensory cortex, no neurons were found to
      exhibit distinct relations to any of the key-press movements. 6. In both SMA and
      PM, a number of neurons exhibited relationships of the type never or only rarely
      observed in the primary motor cortex. Thirty-seven percent of SMA and 62% of PM
      neurons exhibited premovement activity changes before all of the key-press
      movements. The movement-specific type of activity was observed in 28% of SMA and
      16% of PM neurons. In these neurons, the activity changes were observed in
      relation to only one of the right or left key-press movements or exclusively in
      relation to the bilateral key press. Neuronal activity resembling the majority of
      the PCM neurons (contralateral type) was observed in 31% of SMA and 13% of PM
      neurons. 7. Instruction-induced changes in activity were more often found in the
      secondary than in the primary motor area.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3404224
TI  - Effects of attention and stimulus interaction on visual responses of inferior
      temporal neurons in macaque.
AB  - 1. Extracellular discharges were recorded from neurons in the inferior temporal
      cortex (area TE) of three macaque monkeys while they performed visual fixation
      and pattern discrimination tasks. For the pattern discrimination task, monkey was
      trained to release the lever quickly at the onset of one of two pattern stimuli
      and to release the lever at the dimming of the other pattern. During this task,
      neutral light stimulus (light bar) to which the monkey was not required to
      respond was presented once a trial either prior to the onset of the
      discriminandum or during presentation of the pattern that dimmed later. The
      neuronal activities evoked by the neutral stimulus under these two conditions
      were compared. 2. When the discriminanda were located at the center or at 5
      degrees in the contralateral visual field, one-half of the neurons showed
      significantly smaller responses to the neutral stimulus when it was presented
      during presentation of the dimming pattern than when it was presented prior to
      the onset of the discriminandum. 3. The suppressive effect depended on the
      location of the two stimuli. When the neutral stimulus was located in the
      ipsilateral visual field and the pattern was located in the contralateral visual
      field, the response to the neutral stimulus was suppressed. However, when the
      pattern was located in the ipsilateral visual field (5 degrees visual angle),
      still within the receptive field for many neurons, the suppressive effect of the
      pattern on the response to the neutral stimulus in the contralateral visual field
      was almost undetectable. 4. When the pattern was located nearer the fovea than
      was the neutral stimulus, the suppressive effect was greater than when the
      pattern was located more peripherally to the neutral stimulus. Different from the
      receptive field of more primary visual neurons, this suppressive effect did not
      appear to be related to the neuron's responsiveness to the patterns nor to
      precise stimulus location in the receptive field. 5. The magnitude of suppression
      by the attended pattern on the visual response during the pattern discrimination
      task correlated with the suppression noted in the presence of a fixation spot
      during the fixation tasks, while the animals did not fixate on the attended
      pattern. The response of some neurons to the neutral stimulus prior to pattern
      presentation during the pattern discrimination task was enhanced slightly
      compared with the response recorded during the simple fixation task.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3404226
TI  - Law and medicine: conflict or collaboration? The 1988 Harvey Cushing oration.
AB  - Doctors and lawyers share the common goal of pursuit of the welfare of the
      patient and client. Even where litigation brings physicians into conflict with
      the law, collaboration must be our guide. The standard of care is defined by
      reference to the expertise of the medical profession. The need for informed
      consent is based upon the moral and ethical values our professions share. In
      assessing fair compensation, legal rules are shaped by the need to make the lives
      of the injured and disabled bearable, again an ethical value we hold in common.
      The nature of our day-to-day tasks and the methods we employ may be different,
      but we must never lose sight of the fact that the interests of society can only
      be met if we work closely together.

PMID- 3404225
TI  - Electrotonic architecture of type-identified alpha-motoneurons in the cat spinal
      cord.
AB  - 1. Measurements of input resistance (RN), time constant (tau 0), and electrotonic
      length (Lpeel) were derived from intracellular voltage changes produced by
      injection of current pulses in six type-identified triceps surae alpha
      motoneurons. The motoneurons were labeled with horseradish peroxidase and
      subsequently reconstructed and measured from serial sections. These quantitative
      morphological and physiological data were incorporated into detailed computer
      models of the motoneurons. 2. Steady-state and dynamic models were used to
      determine values for specific membrane resistivity (Rm) that matched the
      experimental estimates of RN, tau 0, and Lpeel for each motoneurons. The models
      were based on the following assumptions 1) the membrane was electrically passive,
      2) cytoplasmic resistivity (Ri) was 70 omega-cm, and 3) "sealed-end" boundary
      conditions were present at dendritic terminations. We also considered the nature
      and magnitude of possible errors introduced by using linear (passive) computer
      models to match responses from motoneurons with nonlinear (i.e., voltage
      dependent) conductances. 3. If we assume that the experimental measurements of RN
      and tau 0 were correct, uniform Rm values that reproduced the experimentally
      measured RN required widely varying values of Cm (1.4-8.6 microF/cm2) to match
      the experimental tau 0. Furthermore, the electrotonic distance to dendritic
      terminals was generally much greater than expected from physiological estimates
      of Lpeel. However, if we assumed that the RN measurements could have been
      underestimated by as much as 30% and that Cm = 1.0 microF/cm2, it was possible to
      choose spatially uniform Rm that matched the observed tau 0 in three of six
      cases. 4. Relaxing the assumption of spatially uniform membrane resistivity
      permitted us to reconcile the anatomical and physiological characteristics of all
      six motoneurons. Two qualitatively different models of Rm nonuniformity gave
      equally good fits to the experimental results 1) a step-wise increase in Rm from
      a low value at the soma to a much higher but uniform value over the entire
      dendritic tree, and 2) a monotonic increase in Rm from soma to distal dendrites
      as a sigmoidal function of path distance along the dendrites. The step and
      sigmoidal models of the spatial distribution of Rm generated different
      electrotonic architectures in motoneuron dendritic trees, but both gave
      essentially identical electrical responses at the soma.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400
      WORDS)

PMID- 3404227
TI  - Early versus late intracranial aneurysm surgery in subarachnoid hemorrhage.
AB  - The management results in 244 patients admitted to one institution within 3 days
      of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) from January, 1979, to December,
      1985, were analyzed with respect to the timing of surgical intervention. Twenty
      six patients died prior to surgery. Patients surviving to surgery were divided
      into three groups according to the interval between preadmission SAH and surgery:
      0 to 3 days (85 cases), 4 to 9 days (83 cases), and 10 or more days (50 cases).
      Of the patients who were categorized neurologically into Botterell Grades 1 and 2
      (Hunt and Hess Grades I to III) on admission, 87% had an excellent or good result
      on follow-up evaluation. Patients undergoing surgery 0 to 3 days after SAH had a
      statistically significant increase in the incidence of postoperative ischemic
      symptoms (p less than 0.005), which was balanced by similar complications
      preoperatively in the 10-day post-SAH surgical group. Most rebleeds occurred
      before admission but delaying surgery did increase the risk of rebleeding in the
      hospital (p less than 0.0005). Management morbidity and mortality occurred
      primarily as a direct result of a severe initial hemorrhage; thus, the measured
      benefits of early surgery were less than might have been predicted.

PMID- 3404228
TI  - Management of elderly patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.
AB  - A total of 299 patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) were
      classified into three age groups, that is, those aged 59 years or younger (Group
      1: 159 patients, 53%), those aged 60 to 69 years (Group 2: 85 patients, 28%), and
      those aged 70 years or older (Group 3: 55 patients, 18%). A comparison was made
      of the surgical indications and their overall management outcome in these age
      groups. The overall outcome at 1 year after SAH of Group 3 was significantly
      poorer than that of Group 1 (p less than 0.01) or Group 2 (p less than 0.01), but
      no significant difference could be demonstrated between Groups 1 and 2. Overall,
      104 of the 299 patients died, for a mortality rate of 35%. The mortality rate by
      age group was 29% for Group 1, 33% for Group 2, and 55% for Group 3. Surgery was
      performed on 122 patients (77%) in Group 1, 56 (66%) in Group 2, and 25 (45%) in
      Group 3. The overall operative outcome at 1 year after SAH in Group 3 was
      significantly poorer than that of Group 1 (p less than 0.01), but no significant
      difference was observed in this regard between Groups 1 and 2. The operative
      mortality rate of the patients in Groups 1, 2, and 3 who were preoperatively in
      Hunt and Hess Grades I and II was 1%, 7%, and 22%, respectively (no significant
      difference). By life-table analysis the 5-year survival probability was 65% for
      Group 1, 60% for Group 2, and 37% for Group 3. The rate of patients surviving in
      good condition or in a disabled but independent condition at 1 year after SAH was
      93% and no statistically significant difference in survival probability was
      observed among the three age groups.

PMID- 3404229
TI  - Ventral paraclinoid carotid aneurysms.
AB  - A series of 15 patients with 17 ventral paraclinoid carotid artery aneurysms is
      presented. With this type of aneurysm the neck is at or just distal to the level
      of the ophthalmic artery and proximal to the posterior communicating artery on
      the ventral surface of the carotid artery. There is a high incidence of female
      patients and multiple aneurysms. At surgery, the aneurysms are hidden by the
      anterior clinoid process and often have an intracavernous component. The neck of
      the aneurysm is usually intradural and can be clipped.

PMID- 3404230
TI  - Diagnosis and treatment of vertebral aneurysms.
AB  - The intracranial vertebral artery and its branches are a common site of aneurysms
      in the posterior fossa. Ninety-four aneurysms in 86 patients were analyzed for
      their clinical manifestation, diagnosis, and treatment. There were three distinct
      varieties of aneurysm in this group: 56 (60%) saccular aneurysms, 26 (28%)
      dissecting aneurysms, and 12 (13%) atherosclerotic fusiform aneurysms. Of the 26
      dissecting aneurysms, 81% bled and 24% of these rebled. None of the
      atherosclerotic fusiform aneurysms bled. Angiographic differentiation between
      dissecting aneurysms and atherosclerotic fusiform aneurysms was difficult. The
      dissecting aneurysms were characterized by a "narrowed segment" proximal and/or
      distal to a "fusiform dilatation" of the affected artery and by the presence of
      contrast medium in the intramural false lumen until the late phase. Poor
      postoperative outcome and the lateral medullary syndrome were seen only in
      dissecting aneurysms. Small atherosclerotic fusiform aneurysms seemed to be
      benign lesions that do not require any surgical treatment.

PMID- 3404231
TI  - Angiographically occult arteriovenous malformations.
AB  - Eight cases of histopathologically proven arteriovenous malformations (AVM's)
      which were not visualized on angiography are presented. As is typical with these
      lesions, most of the patients in this series presented with hemorrhage, seizures,
      or episodic or progressive neurological symptoms suggestive of a neoplasm. The
      diagnosis of angiographically occult AVM was highly suspected preoperatively in
      each case based on the combination of computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic
      resonance (MR) findings. The CT scans in all cases showed moderately hyperdense
      lesions which enhanced mildly or moderately in a nonhomogeneous pattern with
      administration of contrast material. The MR image showed one or more bright areas
      interspersed with areas of low or absent signal peripherally or centrally on both
      T1- and T2-weighted images. The AVM was totally excised in seven patients and
      partially excised in one patient, with favorable results in all. The clinical
      management and differential diagnosis of angiographically occult AVM's are
      discussed. In patients with a clinical course and radiological studies suggestive
      of an occult AVM, removal of the lesion, if accessible, should be performed in
      order to rule out a neoplasm and prevent subsequent hemorrhage and progression of
      symptoms.

PMID- 3404232
TI  - Meningiomas and hemorrhagic diathesis.
AB  - The physical act of operating on 13 patients with meningiomas was studied for its
      effect on the fibrinolytic system. Fibrinolytic abnormalities, mainly due to an
      increase of plasma fibrinolytic activity, appeared in three patients prior to,
      during, or after surgery. These patients demonstrated hemorrhagic diathesis in
      the operative wounds which was associated with a consumptive coagulopathy,
      namely, an increase of fibrin/fibrinogen degradation product concentration and a
      decrease of fibrinogen concentration in plasma. Antiplasmin agents (gabexate and
      tranexamic acid) were effective in minimizing loss of blood during and after the
      operation. Abnormal hyperfibrinolysis seems to play a role in hemostatic
      difficulties in patients undergoing surgery for meningioma.

PMID- 3404234
TI  - Hearing loss after microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia.
AB  - Of 21 patients examined audiometrically before and after microvascular
      decompression of the trigeminal nerve, five (23.8%) had postoperative hearing
      impairment. A middle ear effusion was found in three (14.3%), probably caused by
      mastoid cell opening. A retrocochlear lesion in the other patients was caused by
      transferred pressure on the cochlear nuclei or by traction on the nerve. Vascular
      perfusion problems were also possible but are difficult to document.

PMID- 3404233
TI  - Percutaneous retrogasserian glycerol rhizolysis in the management of trigeminal
      neuralgia.
AB  - Sixty patients with trigeminal neuralgia or atypical facial pain were followed
      for an average of 1 year after percutaneous retrogasserian glycerol rhizolysis.
      The procedure was initially effective in relieving pain in 80% of the patients
      with typical trigeminal neuralgia and symptomatic trigeminal neuralgia secondary
      to multiple sclerosis. However, life-table analysis indicated that 50% of this
      group had persistence or recurrence of pain within 18 months after the operation.
      Percutaneous retrogasserian glycerol rhizolysis was ineffective in relieving
      atypical trigeminal neuralgia or atypical facial pain. Minor complications
      occurred in 23% of patients, and major morbidity was seen in 1.6%. Facial sensory
      loss which persisted for more than 1 month was found in 72% of patients, corneal
      hypesthesia occurred in 15%, and an additional 7% had corneal anesthesia. The
      data indicate that the success of percutaneous retrogasserian glycerol rhizolysis
      in relieving trigeminal neuralgia is directly related to the production of facial
      sensory loss.

PMID- 3404235
TI  - Cell kinetics studies of human brain tumors by in vitro labeling using anti-BUdR
      monoclonal antibody.
AB  - Since the development of a specific monoclonal antibody against the thymidine
      analogue bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR), many investigators have used intravenous
      infusion of BUdR to estimate the proliferative potential of human brain tumors.
      However, side effects such as the induction of cell mutation, latent virus
      promotion, or inhibition of cytodifferentiation cannot be ignored, and thus many
      workers hesitate to use it in patients, especially those with hepatic disease or
      of reproductive age. Furthermore, if BUdR remains in the deoxyribonucleic acid of
      tumor cells after injection, analysis of the effect of chemical and radiation
      therapy may not be evaluated correctly. In this report, in vitro BUdR labeling
      with an anti-BUdR antibody is compared with the in vivo methods described by
      previous authors. This method appears to be useful for determining the S-phase
      fraction of human brain tumor. It was more rapid, and was simple, safe, and
      reproducible as compared to the intravenous infusion method.

PMID- 3404236
TI  - Enhanced specificity of prognosis in severe head injury.
AB  - Data from 523 patients admitted to the Medical College of Virginia with severe
      head injury and known 6-month outcomes were analyzed in order to determine the
      optimal combination of early-available prognostic factors. Twenty-one prognostic
      indicators noted in the emergency room at admission were used to predict outcomes
      into four categories: good, moderately disabled, severely disabled, or
      vegetative/dead. A combination of the patient's age (in years), the best motor
      response (graded in the usual six-point scale), and pupillary response (in both
      eyes) was found to be the most accurate indicator. The model correctly predicted
      outcome into one of the four outcome categories in 78% of cases ("specifically
      accurate predictions"). If predictions into an outcome category adjacent to the
      actual outcome were accepted, this model was accurate in 90% of cases ("grossly
      accurate predictions"). A set of three simple graphs based on this model can be
      used for rapid early estimation of probable outcome in a severely head-injured
      patient at admission.

PMID- 3404237
TI  - Tethered cord syndrome of delayed onset following repair of myelomeningocele.
AB  - Nine (15%) of 60 patients with repaired myelomeningocele exhibited late
      deterioration of neurological function with a tethered cord syndrome. Dense
      adhesions at the lowest laminae and at the site of previous repair were the most
      common findings at surgery. Postoperatively, 71% of the patients improved.
      Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was performed in 29 of the 60 patients. Eight of
      these 29 patients exhibited a tethered cord syndrome. The MR images in all
      patients showed a low-lying conus fixed at the site of previous repair,
      irrespective of the presence or absence of a tethered cord syndrome. The MR
      images were classified into two groups depending upon the site of adhesions:
      Group A had potential sites of tethering at the ventral aspect of the last
      laminae and at the site of previous repair, and Group B showed the adhesion point
      only at the site of previous repair. Most patients with a tethered cord syndrome
      were found to be in Group A; conversely, most patients without the syndrome were
      in Group B. An enlarged low conus was seen in symptomatic patients more commonly
      than in those without this syndrome. It is concluded that the presence of
      adhesions specifically at the last laminae as well as a widened low-lying conus
      may be the cause of tethered cord syndrome in patients with repaired
      myelomeningoceles. A clear understanding of the tethering process and
      preoperative evaluation of potential sites of tethering, based on the MR
      findings, are very important for planning surgery. The release of adhesions at
      the lowest laminae by laminectomy appeared essential for improvement.

PMID- 3404238
TI  - Late neurological changes following traumatic spinal cord injury.
AB  - Sixty-nine patients with traumatic spinal cord injuries were evaluated for
      changes in their functional neurological status at discharge from the hospital,
      and at 1 year, 3 years, and 5+ years following injury. The neurological
      examinations were used to classify patients' spinal cord injury according to the
      Frankel scale. This analysis revealed that the majority of improvement in
      neurological function occurred within the 1st year following injury; however,
      changes in the patients' status continued for many years. Follow-up examinations
      at an average of 3 years postinjury revealed that 23.3% of the patients continued
      to improve, whereas 7.1% had deteriorated compared to their status at 1 year. An
      examination at an average of 5+ years demonstrated further improvement in 12.5%,
      with 5.0% showing deterioration compared to the examinations at 3 years. These
      results demonstrate that, in patients with spinal trauma, significant changes in
      neurological function continue for many years.

PMID- 3404239
TI  - Bromodeoxyuridine: a comparison of its photosensitizing and radiosensitizing
      properties.
AB  - The photo- and radiosensitizing properties of bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR) were
      assessed in vitro using the 9L rat brain tumor cell line. Pretreatment of 9L
      cells with 10 microM BUdR for 24 hours followed by irradiation with ultraviolet
      (UV) light resulted in a dose-enhancement ratio of 3.8:1 compared with UV
      radiation alone. X-radiation of BUdR-pretreated cells produced a dose-enhancement
      ratio of 1.7:1. Alkaline elution analysis of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from
      cells treated with BUdR and UV irradiation showed the presence of DNA single
      strand breaks and DNA-protein cross-links. Analysis of DNA from cells treated
      with BUdR and then x-irradiated showed no increase in DNA single-strand breaks
      compared with cells treated with x-radiation alone; no DNA-protein cross-links
      could be detected. The possible clinical relevance of these findings is
      discussed.

PMID- 3404240
TI  - Effects of nimodipine on the production of thromboxane A2 following total global
      cerebral ischemia.
AB  - To clarify the contribution of vasoconstrictor prostaglandins to the
      hypoperfusion state typically following total global cerebral ischemia, 14
      mongrel dogs were subjected to 11 minutes of global cerebral ischemia. They were
      then randomly assigned to receive either no treatment or an intravenous bolus of
      the calcium channel blocker nimodipine, 10 micrograms/kg, 15 minutes after
      ischemia followed by a continuous infusion of nimodipine, 1.0 micrograms/kg/min.
      Thromboxane (Tx) A2 production, as measured by cerebral venous levels of TxB2
      (the stable metabolite of TxA2) increased similarly in the two groups. In
      contrast to previous studies, mean postischemic cerebral blood flow did not
      increase sufficiently in the nimodipine-treated group to achieve statistical
      significance. These data suggest that the improved neurological outcome
      associated with nimodipine treatment following global cerebral ischemia does not
      relate to reduced levels of the prostaglandin precursor arachidonate.

PMID- 3404241
TI  - A light and electron microscopic and immunohistochemical study of human arachnoid
      villi.
AB  - The structure of human arachnoid villi was investigated by light and electron
      microscopy with the aid of immunohistochemical techniques. The human arachnoid
      villi examined were basically composed of four portions: a fibrous capsule, an
      arachnoid cell layer, a cap cell cluster, and a central core. The arachnoid cell
      layer encompassing the central core was mostly covered by the thin fibrous
      capsule with an endothelial investment. However, the fibrous capsule was often
      absent at the apical portion of the villus and a factor VIII-related antigen
      stain failed to confirm the investment of endothelial cells. Instead, the
      arachnoid cell layer abutted directly upon the lumen of a lateral lacuna or the
      sinus. The arachnoid cell layer was thickened in places, forming cap cell
      clusters; it usually consisted of outer and inner zones. On vimentin staining,
      the former was slightly positive while the latter was strongly positive. The
      central core contained a network of arachnoid cells intermingled with connective
      tissue fibers and was in continuity with the cranial subarachnoid space. Electron
      microscopy showed that the arachnoid cells contained a larger number of
      intermediate filaments in the inner zone than the outer zone. Ultrastructural
      immunohistochemical localization showed that vimentin was localized at the
      intermediate filaments and desmosomal plaques of the arachnoid cells. The
      arachnoid cells showed a marked variety in both the cell forms and the number of
      intermediate filaments or desmosomes, depending on their location.

PMID- 3404242
TI  - Ergonomic considerations in the design of neurosurgery instruments.
AB  - Surgical instruments should be designed to optimize control and interact with
      tissues or other objects while avoiding surgeon fatigue, muscle spasms, tissue
      ischemia, and injuries. Several well-established ergonomic criteria can be used
      in the design of instruments. Analysis of some commonly used bone biting
      instruments reveal how they violate these criteria. The thoughtful redesign of
      instruments using these principles is recommended.

PMID- 3404243
TI  - Trapping of giant basilar trunk aneurysms. Report of two cases.
AB  - Two cases of successful trapping of giant basilar trunk aneurysms are presented.
      The aneurysms were trapped by clipping the basilar artery distal to the anterior
      inferior cerebellar arteries and proximal to the superior cerebellar arteries.
      The outcome was excellent in both cases. In the treatment of giant basilar trunk
      aneurysms, trapping the involved segment of the basilar artery is an effective
      way to obliterate and decompress the aneurysm. Preoperative assessment of
      potential collateral vascular supply, operative technique, and the efficacy of
      intraoperative monitoring are discussed.

PMID- 3404245
TI  - Retrolabyrinthine transsigmoid approach to basilar trunk and vertebrobasilar
      artery junction aneurysms. Technical note.
AB  - A retrolabyrinthine transsigmoid approach was employed successfully in three
      patients with vertebrobasilar aneurysms. The major benefits of this technique
      include a relatively shallow depth of exposure, lack of brain stem retraction,
      and simplicity as compared to traditional and some recently proposed methods. All
      three patients have returned to their previous activities.

PMID- 3404244
TI  - Discrepancy between intraoperative SSEP's and postoperative function. Case
      report.
AB  - The authors report a case in which midline myelotomy for the removal of a C4-T4
      ependymoma was immediately followed by abolition of short-latency somatosensory
      evoked potentials (SSEP's) in response to bilateral posterior tibial nerve (PTN)
      stimulation which proved irreversible intraoperatively. Subsequent intraoperative
      testing also revealed obliteration of median nerve (MN)-elicited responses.
      Postoperatively, joint and vibration sensations deteriorated in the lower
      extremities and there was unchanged very mild impairment of light touch,
      pinprick, and temperature sensibilities without significant loss of muscle
      strength. Nearly 5 months after surgery, despite recovery of postural and
      vibratory senses in the lower limbs and of SSEP's in response to MN stimulation,
      no SSEP's could be demonstrated on PTN stimulation. The possibility of "false
      positive" results (that is, intraoperative SSEP abolition without postoperative
      motor deficits) and of dissociations between SSEP's and deep sensation should be
      taken into consideration when interpreting SSEP's intraoperatively.

PMID- 3404246
TI  - Treatment of spinal cavernous angiomas.

PMID- 3404247
TI  - Symptomatic low ICP in shunted hydrocephalus.

PMID- 3404248
TI  - Focal cortical dysplasia.

PMID- 3404249
TI  - Patient characteristics and pre-operative therapeutic modalities.
AB  - The International Cooperative Study on the Timing of Aneurysm Surgery included 68
      participating centers from 16 different countries. Eight Italian neurosurgical
      units participated in the Study: Bellaria Hospital, Bologna; Neurological
      Institute of Milan, Milan; University Hospital, Brescia; University of Milan,
      Milan; University of Padova, Padova; University of Rome, Rome; Civil Hospital,
      Verona; and Civil Hospital, Vicenza. The overall case contribution from the
      Italian centers was 485 cases, 14.1% of the total study population. As compared
      to the other centers included in the Study, the Italian centers exhibited a
      higher percentage of patients with impaired consciousness; a later interval of
      planned surgery from SAH; frequent use of preoperative lumbar drainage, as well
      as antihypertensives, anticonvulsants, antifibrinolytics, steroids, diuretics and
      LMW dextran; and less frequent use of sedatives and narcotics. The individual
      Italian centers differed significantly in regard to patient characteristics and
      preoperative therapeutic modalities. There was a relatively high number of
      stuporous or comatose patients admitted to Centers 1, 7 and 8, very few admitted
      to Centers 5 and 6, and none admitted to Center 2. The different distribution of
      key prognostic factors prevents a direct comparison of the overall management
      results of the centers. A stratification of the patients according to a risk
      scale and/or a prognostic model is required for comparison of the management
      results.

PMID- 3404250
TI  - Surgical findings and postoperative therapeutic modalities.
AB  - The 8 Italian centers participating in the International Cooperative Study on
      Timing of Aneurysm Surgery operated upon 68% of their patients eligible for the
      study. This low operative rate is mainly explained by the prevailing use of a
      delayed surgical policy. Only 28% of cases were operated on within 3 days of
      hemorrhage. Although early surgery was applied in more than 50% of patients from
      Centers 2, 6 and 7, most other centers operated on approximately 10% of patients
      within this time interval. Italian centers exhibited a wide variation in planned
      and actual surgery interval, with only 48% of their patients eventually operated
      on at the planned time. Differences from planned and actual timing of surgery
      were less consistent in the units performing early surgery. Preoperative
      conditions were different between the individual centers. The percent of patients
      alert at the time of surgery varied from approximately 50% in Centers 3 and 7 to
      90% in Center 5. Centers 2 and 6 never operated on comatose patients and rarely
      stuporous patients. During surgery, induced hypotension was used in 67% of
      Italian patients. The brain was tight at exposure in 42% of patients from Italian
      centers; the difference from the other study centers was very significant (p =
      0.0009). Consequently major brain resection was more frequently performed in
      Italy than in the other centers. Brain conditions depended mainly upon timing of
      surgery and preoperative grade (except for comatose patients) and varied
      accordingly between the individual centers. Temporary arterial occlusion was
      rarely used in Italian centers. Intraoperative bleeding from the aneurysm was
      slightly more frequent than in the other centers. The overall incidence of
      intraoperative complications was unremarkable. There were significant differences
      between the Italian and the other centers regarding the use of postoperative
      routines and medications. In Italian centers ventricular CSF drainage, shunt
      insertion, ICP monitoring, sedatives and analgesics were less frequently used;
      lumbar CSF drainage, anticonvulsants, steroids, and diuretics were applied more
      frequently. In the individual centers the major differences were in the use of
      antihypertensives, vasopressor agents, diuretics, hypervolemia, and low-molecular
      weight dextran.

PMID- 3404251
TI  - Results of treatment.
AB  - Overall results of management in patients admitted to the 8 Italian centers
      participating in the International Cooperative Study on Timing of Aneurysm
      Surgery were rather unsatisfactory, with good recovery in only 42% of patients,
      and death in 45% of patients. As compared to the other centers included in the
      Study, Italian centers exhibited a significantly lower recovery rate and a
      significantly higher mortality rate. There were significant differences also
      between the individual Italian centers; independently of admission neurological
      status and timing of surgery, the outcome was better in centers 2 and 6 (a
      mortality rate under 20%) and worse in centers 1 and 8 (a mortality rate around
      60%). Using prognostic factor models, higher than expected mortality rates were
      observed in 4 centers, and lower than expected good recovery rates in 3 centers.
      In Italian centers vasospasm accounted for the highest morbidity and mortality
      rate; the difference in mortality rate from vasospasm between Italian and other
      centers was very significant. Other important causes of death and disability were
      constituted by direct effect of the initial bleed and by recurrent hemorrhage.
      Patients operated on in Italian centers exhibited a good recovery in 57% of
      cases; the mortality was 27%. Differences from the other centers were less marked
      than for the overall management results. Mortality rates from vasospasm and from
      surgical complications were significantly higher in Italian than in the other
      study centers. Between the individual Italian centers, vasospasm accounted for
      the highest mortality rate in centers 7 and 8 (17% and 28% respectively).
      Postoperative pneumonia was significantly more frequent in Italian than in the
      other centers. In regard to timing of surgery, the differences in results between
      Italian and other centers were less marked when surgery was performed after 10
      days from hemorrhage. In Italian centers as a whole, a delayed operation was
      linked with a better outcome than an early or subacute operation. The lowest
      recovery rate was observed in drowsy patients operated on between 4 and 10 days
      from the hemorrhage. Focal ischemic deficits and pneumonia were prevalent after
      an operation within 3 days of hemorrhage, while postoperative brain swelling was
      most frequent in patients operated on between 4 and 10 days from hemorrhage. The
      differences in results between Italian and other centers and among the individual
      Italian centers are widely discussed; possible explanations include inadequate
      modalities of treatment (especially inadequate management of vasospasm) and
      structural deficiencies of intensive care management in seriously ill patients.

PMID- 3404253
TI  - Thallium-201 scintigraphy of the suppressed thyroid: an alternative for iodine
      123 scanning after TSH stimulation.
AB  - Thallium-201 scintigraphy of the thyroid gland suppressed by autonomous nodule
      was compared with 123I scintigraphy after TSH stimulation. In all patients,
      similar images were obtained by both methods. In 20 patients, the contralateral
      lobe was visualized on both scans and in 14 of these, the upper pole of the
      ipsilateral lobe was also visualized. In one patient, neither 123I scanning after
      TSH nor 201TI scintigraphy showed any extranodular tissue. This study suggests
      that 201TI scintigraphy is a reliable alternative for scanning after TSH. It is a
      relatively simple method, not inducing any TSH-related allergic reactions. Iodine
      uptake in extranodular tissue is not stimulated and therefore, 201TI scintigraphy
      and radioiodine therapy can be combined on one day, without increasing the risk
      of radiation damage to the normal thyroid tissue with a resultant post-treatment
      hypothyroidism.

PMID- 3404252
TI  - Detection of occult infection following total joint arthroplasty using sequential
      technetium-99m HDP bone scintigraphy and indium-111 WBC imaging.
AB  - Preoperative exclusion or confirmation of periprosthetic infection is essential
      for correct surgical management of patients with suspected infected joint
      prostheses. The sensitivity and specificity of [111In]WBC imaging in the
      diagnosis of infected total joint prostheses was examined in 28 patients and
      compared with sequential [99mTc]HDP/[111In]WBC scintigraphy and aspiration
      arthrography. The sensitivity of preoperative aspiration cultures was 12%, with a
      specificity of 81% and an accuracy of 58%. The sensitivity of [111In]WBC imaging
      alone was 100%, with a specificity of 50% and an accuracy of 65%. When correlated
      with the bone scintigraphy and read as sequential [99mTc]HDP/[111In]WBC imaging,
      the sensitivity was 88%, specificity 95%, and accuracy 93%. This study
      demonstrates that [111In]WBC imaging is an extremely sensitive imaging modality
      for the detection of occult infection of joint prostheses. It also demonstrates
      the necessity of correlating [111In]WBC images with [99mTc]HDP skeletal
      scintigraphy in the detection of occult periprosthetic infection.

PMID- 3404254
TI  - Assessment of the radionuclide angiographic left ventricular maximum time-varying
      elastance calculation in man.
AB  - This investigation was designed to determine whether left ventricular (LV)
      maximum time-varying elastance (Emax) calculations obtained using equilibrium
      radionuclide angiography (RNA) were comparable to those obtained using biplane
      contrast cineangiography (CINE), and whether simple, indirect P-V relations might
      provide reasonable, alternative estimates of Emax. Accordingly, we studied 19
      patients with simultaneous high-fidelity micromanometer LV and fluid brachial
      artery (Ba) pressure recordings, CINE, and RNA under control conditions and
      during methoxamine and nitroprusside infusions. Emax was defined for CINE and RNA
      as the maximum slope of the linear relation of isochronal, instantaneous P-V data
      points obtained from each of the three loading conditions. The indirect P-V
      relations were similarly obtained from Ba peak (P) pressure versus minimum RNA LV
      volume (BaP/minV) and Ba dicrotic notch (di) pressure versus minimum RNA LV
      volume (Badi/minV) data points. The mean heart rates and LV (+)dP/dtmax values
      were minimally altered during the three loading conditions. The isochronal Emax
      values ranged from 1.40 to 6.73 mmHg/ml (mean 4.13 +/- 1.99 s.d. mmHg/ml) for
      CINE and from 1.48 to 7.25 (mean 4.35 +/- 1.81 mmHg/ml) for RNA (p = N.S.).
      Similarly, the unstressed volumes ranged from -10 to 80 ml (mean 30 +/- 23 ml)
      for CINE and from -8 to 77 ml (29 +/- 21 ml) for RNA (p = N.S.). The individual,
      isochronal Emax values by RNA correlated with those by CINE (r = 0.86). In 14 of
      the 19 patients, the BaP/minV and Badi/minV relations correlated with the
      isochronal Emax values calculated by RNA (r = 0.83 and 0.82, respectively), and
      these relations also correlated with the Emax values calculated by CINE (r = 0.82
      and 0.78, respectively). The slope and V0 values for the BaP/minV and Badi/minV
      relations underestimated those for Emax by RNA and CINE (p less than 0.01 and p
      less than 0.05, respectively, for both). Thus, the isochronal Emax values
      calculated using RNA are comparable to those obtained using CINE in man.
      Moreover, indirect P-V relations underestimate these Emax values, but they are
      linearly related with the isochronal Emax values calculated by RNA and CINE.
      Consequently, these indirect P-V relations may provide a more simple, alternative
      estimate of LV contractile function in man.

PMID- 3404255
TI  - Localization and stability of technetium-99m-Sn-pyrophosphate in rat neutrophils.
AB  - Technetium-99m has been suggested as an alternative radiolabel for white cells,
      and while its physical characteristics are nearly ideal, its stability and site
      of localization in this procedure are unclear. We examined these parameters by
      radiolabeling 10(8) neutrophils from rat peritoneum with 74 to 370 MBq technetium
      99m-Sn-pyrophosphate. We found that the percentage of initial activity bound to
      neutrophils was quite variable, possibly because the radiolabel associated with
      several subfractions: 19.8 +/- 11.5% (mean +/- s.d.) with nuclei and plasma
      membranes, 25.6 +/- 3.9% with mitochondria, 26.6 +/- 9.8% with microsomes, and
      29.2 +/- 6.9% with cytosol. Approximately 80-90% of the radioactivity associated
      with neutrophils was not bound to protein and only about one-half of the activity
      localized to cell membranes was removable over 4 hr by pepsin digestion. We
      concluded that the variable labeling efficiency was due to the radiolabel's
      rather loose association with several cellular subfractions rather than specific
      binding to a unique substrate.

PMID- 3404256
TI  - Biologic stability of tauro-23-[75Se] selena-25-homocholic acid.
AB  - The stability of tauro-23-[75Se]selena-25-homocholic acid (SeHCAT) towards
      deconjugation by the enzyme cholylglycine hydrolase was compared with that of
      taurocholate: whereas taurocholate underwent 58% deconjugation within 2 hr,
      SeHCAT suffered only 8% deconjugation plus 5% conversion to an unknown product
      within 24 hr. Incubation of SeHCAT under anaerobic conditions for 48 hr at 37
      degrees C with human fecal organisms resulted in considerable deconjugation, 7
      alpha-dehydroxylation, and dehydrogenation. Twenty-four hours after the
      simultaneous administration of SeHCAT and tauro-[24-14C]cholate to a rabbit the
      recovery of 75Se in bile was 90% of that of 14C. Forty-eight hours following
      administration of SeHCAT to a second rabbit residual bile radioactivity revealed
      80% deconjugation and dehydroxylation and 60% reconjugation with glycine.
      Although SeHCAT is more resistant than taurocholate towards modification by fecal
      bacterial enzymes, within the rabbit it follows the principal metabolic pathways
      of the natural bile acids.

PMID- 3404258
TI  - Rapid, inexpensive quality control of fluorine-18 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose
      preparations using the hexokinase reaction in vitro.
AB  - A rapid enzymatic method for determining the purity of 2FDG preparations has been
      devised. A small aliquot of the preparation is incubated with a
      hexokinase/adenosine triphosphate/Mg+2 mixture and passed through a Dowex 1 ion
      exchange column, which retains the 2FDG-6-phosphate. Another aliquot, without
      prior incubation, is passed through an identical column and the 2FDG
      radioactivity is found in the eluant. The criteria for purity are quantitative
      retention of the 2FDG-6-phosphate on the column and no retention of 2FDG.
      Comparison of the HK method with thin layer and high performance liquid
      chromatography assays indicate that the HK method can serve as a rapid, simple
      and inexpensive alternative to these other methods. It can be used in a routine
      quality control program and may be easily adaptable to automated 2FDG synthetic
      methods.

PMID- 3404257
TI  - Patient biodistribution of intraperitoneally administered yttrium-90-labeled
      antibody.
AB  - Although 90Y is one of the best radionuclides for radioimmunotherapeutic
      applications, the lack of gamma rays in its decay complicates the estimation of
      radiation dose since its biodistribution cannot be accurately determined by
      external imaging. A limited clinical trial has been conducted with tracer doses
      (1 mCi) of 90Y in five patients who then received second-look surgery such that
      tissue samples were obtained for accurate radioactivity quantitation by in vitro
      counting. The anti-ovarian antibody OC-125 as the F(ab')2 fragment was coupled
      with diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, radiolabeled with 90Y and administered
      intraperitoneally to patients with suspected or documented ovarian cancer. Size
      exclusion and ion exchange high performance liquid chromatography analysis of
      patient ascitic fluid and serum samples showed no evidence of radiolabel
      instability although a high molecular weight species (presumably immune complex)
      was observed in three patients. Total urinary excretion of radioactivity prior to
      surgery averaged 7% of the administered radioactivity while at surgery the mean
      organ accumulation was 8% of the administered radioactivity in serum, 10% in
      liver, 7% in bone marrow, and 19% in bone with large patient to patient
      variation. The mean tumor/normal tissue radioactivity ratio varied between 3 and
      25. On the assumption that the above radioactivity levels were achieved
      immediately following administration, that the radioactivity remained in situ
      until decayed and that the dimensions of tumor were sufficient to completely
      attenuate the emissions of 90Y, the dose to tumor for a 1-mCi administration
      would be approximately 50 rad with normal tissues receiving approximately 8 rad.

PMID- 3404260
TI  - Tumor uptake as a function of mass: basis in blood flow.

PMID- 3404259
TI  - Visualization of ocular melanoma with N-isopropyl-p-[123I]-iodoamphetamine.
AB  - In a patient with ocular melanoma, scintigraphy with N-isopropyl-p-[123I]
      iodoamphetamine [( 123I]IMP) clearly delineated the histologically proven ocular
      lesion. In a tissue distribution study, using the resected specimen, a
      significantly high accumulation of the radioactivity was confirmed in tumor
      tissue. Thus, [123I]IMP scintigraphy provided specific localization of an ocular
      melanoma.

PMID- 3404261
TI  - Technetium-99m compounds for measurement of cerebral blood flow.

PMID- 3404262
TI  - Diagnostic and therapeutic use of 131I-metaiodobenzylguanidine in children with
      neuroblastoma.

PMID- 3404263
TI  - Thallium-201 infusion imaging: accurate reflector of rapid coronary blood flow
      changes.

PMID- 3404264
TI  - Synthesis and comparative biodistribution of the desferrioxamine-human serum
      albumin (DF-HSA) conjugates prepared with various methods.

PMID- 3404265
TI  - The definition of a three-pool model for triiodothyronine (T3) distribution and
      metabolism in healthy subjects by using vascular and extravascular sources.

PMID- 3404266
TI  - European system for reporting of adverse reactions and drug defects. Fourth
      report: 1986.

PMID- 3404267
TI  - Computerized statistical analysis with bootstrap method in nuclear medicine.

PMID- 3404268
TI  - Retaining staff: using turnover indices and surveys.
AB  - Failure to deal effectively and promptly with high medical intensive care unit
      (MICU) staff turnover can cause severe problems. This study demonstrates how
      monitoring turnover indices might have anticipated a critical shortage of
      experienced staff that forced this hospital to shut down needed MICU beds.
      Determinative attitudinal factors are identified from a survey of nurses and
      supervisors. The authors identify critical problem components and recommends
      measures to increase staff retention.

PMID- 3404269
TI  - Reducing the incidence of falls in high risk patients.
AB  - The incidence of patient falls in any acute and chronic care facility is a
      continuing challenge for nursing administrators. A computerized program was
      designed to identify common characteristics of 180 patients who had experienced a
      fall during 1986 at a midwest hospital. Based on analysis of the data, an
      integrated process of assessment, diagnosis, and intervention was developed and
      implemented. Early indications of success have been identified.

PMID- 3404271
TI  - Testifying in legal actions.

PMID- 3404270
TI  - Using an executive search firm.

PMID- 3404272
TI  - Functions of the nurse researcher.

PMID- 3404273
TI  - The nurse-midwife and the educated consumer.

PMID- 3404274
TI  - Birth registration: nurse-midwifery roles and responsibilities.

PMID- 3404275
TI  - Validating change in risk criteria for a birth center: gestational diabetes.

PMID- 3404276
TI  - Expectant management of premature rupture of membranes at term in a birthing
      center setting.

PMID- 3404278
TI  - International perspective: the midwife's role in promoting safe motherhood.

PMID- 3404277
TI  - Doctoral preparation for nurse-midwives.

PMID- 3404279
TI  - Breastfeeding duration following cesarean and vaginal births.

PMID- 3404280
TI  - The emotional experience of breast expression.

PMID- 3404281
TI  - Effectiveness of prenatal care and education for pregnant adolescents: nurse
      midwifery intervention and team approach.

PMID- 3404282
TI  - Relationship between fetal movement charting and anxiety in low-risk pregnant
      women.

PMID- 3404283
TI  - Effect of bovine somatotropin on metabolism of lactating dairy cows: energy and
      nitrogen utilization as determined by respiration calorimetry.
AB  - Effects of exogenous bovine somatotropin (bST) on energy and nitrogen utilization
      by high producing dairy cows were examined. Nine cows received bST (51.5 IU/d) or
      exipient (control) in a single reversal design involving 14-d treatment periods.
      Energy and nitrogen balances were measured in open-circuit respiration chambers.
      Yield of 4% solids-corrected milk was increased by 22% with bST treatment. Dry
      matter intake and the apparent digestibilities of dry matter, energy and nitrogen
      were not altered by treatment. The only significant component of nitrogen
      utilization that was altered by bST treatment was an increase in milk nitrogen
      secretion. Cows were in negative tissue nitrogen balance during the control
      period (-21 g/d) and tended to become more negative during the bST treatment
      period (-34 g/d). Heat energy loss and milk energy secretion were increased with
      bST treatment. Tissue energy balance was -1.1 Mcal/d during the control treatment
      period and the use of energy reserves with bST treatment decreased tissue energy
      balance to -9.8 Mcal/d. Changes in heat production with bST treatment were equal
      to those predicted from the changes in milk and body tissue. Overall, the results
      demonstrated that bST treatment increased yield of milk and milk components even
      when cows were in negative nitrogen and energy balance. Effects of bST were
      predominantly associated with nutrient partitioning, and observed heat loss
      (associated with maintenance and partial efficiencies of milk synthesis and
      tissue utilization) did not differ from predicted heat loss.

PMID- 3404284
TI  - Effect of dietary protein deficiency and L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylate on the
      diurnal rhythm of hepatic glutathione in the rat.
AB  - Maximizing hepatic glutathione (GSH) concentration may provide greater protection
      against toxic compounds. A dietary supplement of L-2-oxothiazolidine-4
      carboxylate (OTC), a stable derivative of cysteine, increased hepatic GSH in rats
      fed for 2 wk a diet deficient in protein (7.5%) but not in rats fed a diet
      adequate in protein (15%). Experiment 2 determined whether a dietary supplement
      of OTC could maintain the maximum GSH concentration over 24 h. Rats acclimatized
      for 5 d to a 7.5% protein diet and then fed a 7.5% protein diet supplemented with
      either 2.5 mmol OTC or cysteine-HCl (CYS)/100 g diet had a more rapid increase in
      hepatic GSH (4 and 8 h after beginning of feeding, P less than 0.05) than did
      rats fed an unsupplemented 7.5% protein diet. This response was not due simply to
      the greater supply of cysteine for GSH synthesis because supplementing the 15%
      protein diet with OTC or CYS had no effect on the hepatic GSH of rats
      acclimatized to a 15% protein diet. In experiment 3, rats acclimatized to the
      7.5% protein diet had a more rapid rate of increase in hepatic GSH concentration
      in response to feeding than did rats acclimatized to a 15% protein diet,
      regardless of which diet they were fed during the 24-h period. It was concluded
      that in addition to cysteine availability, previous dietary protein status plays
      a key role in the regulation of the feeding-induced diurnal rhythm of hepatic GSH
      concentration in rats.

PMID- 3404285
TI  - Rodent diets for carcinogenesis studies.
AB  - An optimal diet for rodents in chemical carcinogenicity studies should be
      nutritionally adequate for growth and maintenance without excesses of high energy
      and growth-enhancing nutrients. Purified diets are expensive, and standardized
      purified diets for long-term studies are not yet established. Purified diets
      caused periportal lipidosis, hemorrhagic diseases and calcification of tissues in
      rodents. Diet restriction will result in consumption of most food during the
      resting phase. This will cause increased activity during the resting phase with a
      shift of nocturnal cycle and associated changes in physiological processes. Diet
      restriction may modify the carcinogenic responses to chemicals, and the practice
      is labor intensive. Decreasing the fat and protein content to adequate levels
      with a slight increase in fiber content and making the diet available only during
      the normal feeding period (night) may decrease the energy consumption, slow the
      growth and lower the body weight gain by 10-20%, with a substantial decrease in
      the prevalence of spontaneous tumors in the pituitary and mammary glands. We
      should take advantage of the biological similarities between rodents and humans
      to enhance the utility of rodent studies; however, mimicking the diet and feeding
      procedures of humans without a thorough understanding of the physiology of the
      altered rodent may not be useful. Contaminant concentrations of the diets should
      be as low as is practical. Each lot of diet should be analyzed for macronutrients
      and labile micronutrients with complete micronutrient analyses of randomly
      selected lots.

PMID- 3404286
TI  - Uptake and metabolism of Intralipid by rat liver: an electron-microscopic study.
AB  - The metabolism of Intralipid (intravenously injected) was studied in rats fasted
      for 48 h. At all doses used, the Intralipid triacylglycerols disappeared rapidly
      from circulation and concomitantly the hepatic content of triacylglycerols and
      the level of circulating ketone bodies increased, indicating an active metabolism
      of Intralipid by the liver. To study this possibility further we used an
      ultrastructural approach. In rats given Intralipid we detected numerous lipid
      particles in the spaces of Disse, retained in the interdigitations of the
      hepatocyte. There were also lipid particles attached to the luminal surface of
      the endothelial cells. Small lipid particles were seen in close contact with
      endocytic vesicles internalized into hepatocytes but were present mainly in
      endothelial cells. Inside the endothelial cells, the endocytic vesicles were
      detected in contact with lysosomes. Inside hepatocytes, a process of
      sterification seemed to occur in the endoplasmic reticulum as deduced from the
      presence of small lipid droplets with ill-defined outlines. Large lipid droplets
      were seen in close contact with mitochondria, indicating a mitochondrial uptake
      and metabolism of fatty acids to synthesize and release ketone bodies. The
      possible role of lipoprotein lipase in the liver for the hepatic uptake of
      Intralipid particles is discussed.

PMID- 3404288
TI  - Dietary calcium and metacarpal growth in ewes.
AB  - The effects of excess dietary calcium on bone growth were quantified in 44 ewes
      fed ad libitum diets that contained one of four levels of dietary calcium (0.37,
      0.56, 1.13 and 1.80%) and 0.42% phosphorus. Animals were slaughtered at one of
      six ages, circulating concentrations of hormones and minerals were measured and
      bone morphometry was evaluated. None of the diets impaired normal bone growth of
      the metacarpal as evaluated by overall length, cortical index and growth plate
      width. Circulating plasma concentrations of calcium and gastrin increased as
      dietary calcium levels increased, but all values were within the normal range for
      sheep. Plasma phosphorus was unaffected by the level of dietary calcium. Diet had
      no affect on T3, T4 or estradiol-17 beta. Age significantly (P less than 0.05)
      affected the metacarpal length, growth plate width and circulating calcium and
      phosphorus. The metacarpal in these ewes was 95% of mature length by 172 d of
      age. Attainment of mature length preceded growth plate closure by slightly over
      300 d. These results demonstrate that elevated dietary calcium levels do not
      adversely influence bone growth and that the presence of an intact growth plate
      does not infer that further bone growth will occur.

PMID- 3404287
TI  - Effect of dietary protein and methionine on sulfite oxidase activity in rats.
AB  - Sulfite oxidase catalyzes the oxidation of sulfite to sulfate. To investigate
      whether or not sulfite oxidase activity (EC 1.8.3.1) is regulated by the amount
      of sulfur from dietary protein or excess methionine, we fed rats diets containing
      5, 10, 20 and 50% casein with or without excess methionine and measured sulfite
      oxidase activity in liver and intestinal mucosa. Hepatic sulfite oxidase activity
      was significantly lower in rats fed 5 or 10% casein diets and significantly
      higher in rats fed 50% casein than in rats fed the control diet containing 20%
      casein, but activity did not change in response to the addition of methionine at
      any level of protein. Sulfite oxidase activity in the intestinal mucosa was only
      5% of that seen in liver and did not change in response to dietary protein or
      methionine. Activity did not change in rats fed low iron diets (5 mg Fe/kg diet)
      at any level of protein tested or in response to glycine. These results show that
      sulfite oxidase activity can adapt to different levels of dietary protein but is
      unaffected by the level of methionine, total amino nitrogen or iron in the diet.

PMID- 3404289
TI  - Effect of milk and lactose on zinc absorption in lactose-intolerant
      postmenopausal women.
AB  - We evaluated the effect of lactose intolerance on intestinal zinc absorption
      under various test conditions in a group of postmenopausal women. Fractional zinc
      absorption was studied with a dual-isotope technique using 65Zn and 51Cr (as
      nonabsorbable fecal markers). We performed four absorption tests on sixteen
      subjects with water (control), whole cow milk, lactose-free cow milk and lactose
      alone. Mean (+/- SEM) fractional zinc absorption was 0.558 +/- 0.032 with water,
      0.276 +/- 0.031 with milk, 0.246 +/- 0.028 with lactose-free milk and 0.564 +/-
      0.051 with lactose. No significant differences in zinc absorption were found
      under any of the test conditions between lactose-tolerant and lactose-intolerant
      subjects. Milk and lactose-free milk significantly reduced zinc absorption in
      both groups.

PMID- 3404290
TI  - Effect of dietary zinc deficiency and the associated drop in voluntary food
      intake on rat erythrocyte membrane polyamines.
AB  - The effect of dietary zinc deficiency in the rat on the free (noncovalently
      bound) polyamine concentrations in erythrocyte membranes, in erythrocyte cytosol
      and in the blood plasma were determined. Weanling male Wistar rats were fed an
      egg white-based diet containing less than 1.0 mg Zn/kg diet for 3 wk ad libitum.
      Control rats were either pair-fed or ad libitum-fed the basal diet supplemented
      with 100 mg Zn/kg diet. Tissue fractions were extracted with 0.2 M perchloric
      acid and polyamines were measured in the soluble fraction by dansylation, thin
      layer chromatography and fluorescence spectrophotometry of the isolated
      dansylated polyamines. The depressed food intake associated with dietary zinc
      deficiency caused significantly (P less than 0.05) lower plasma spermidine,
      erythrocyte cytosol putrescine, spermidine and spermine and erythrocyte membrane
      spermidine concentrations. In addition, the depressed food intake caused
      significantly lower spermidine-spermine ratios in the erythrocyte membrane and
      cytosol and in blood plasma. Dietary zinc deficiency per se caused significantly
      (P less than 0.05) higher plasma spermidine and spermine and erythrocyte membrane
      spermine concentrations and significantly lower spermidine-spermine ratios in
      erythrocyte membrane and cytosol than in pair-fed, zinc-adequate controls.

PMID- 3404291
TI  - Effect of zinc deficiency on hepatic enzymes regulating vitamin A status.
AB  - The elevation of hepatic vitamin A (VA) in zinc deficiency (ZD) is thought to be
      due, in part, to a reduced synthesis of plasma retinol-binding protein with a
      subsequent decrease in the release of retinol into the circulation. We
      hypothesized that the hepatic VA elevation may also be secondary to a change in
      the activity of enzymes that either regulate retinol degradation or affect the
      synthesis or hydrolysis of retinyl esters. To examine this question, 20 rats were
      divided into two groups and pair-fed for 3 wk. ZD rats received a ZD diet (zinc
      2.3 mg/kg diet) and controls were fed a zinc-sufficient diet (zinc 50 mg/kg
      diet). The enzymes studied were retinyl ester hydrolase (REH) and microsomal acyl
      coenzyme A:retinol acyl transferase (ARAT), the principal enzymes regulating
      retinyl ester hydrolysis and synthesis. The activities of retinol (alcohol)
      dehydrogenase (ADH) and retinal oxidase (RO), enzymes regulating retinol
      degradation to polar metabolites, were also studied. ZD caused an increase in
      both total hepatic VA concentration and total hepatic VA content, but did not
      alter the ratio of retinol to retinyl esters. The specific activities of REH and
      ARAT were not affected by ZD. However, ZD caused a significant reduction in the
      activity of ADH, the enzyme that catalyzes the first step in retinol oxidation.
      In contrast, the activity of RO, the enzyme that regulates the irreversible
      oxidation of retinal to retinoic acid, was significantly increased in ZD rats.
      These findings indicate that the elevation in hepatic levels of VA in ZD rats may
      be, in part, secondary to decreased retinol degradation.

PMID- 3404292
TI  - Discussing cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a study of elderly outpatients.
AB  - Decisions about when to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) are
      frequently made without knowing the wishes of the patient. To evaluate the
      feasibility of outpatient discussions about CPR, the authors surveyed 22 male and
      53 female, mentally competent, ambulatory patients 65 years of age and older.
      Only 7% of those interviewed had an accurate understanding of what CPR meant
      before hearing a standardized description. Eighty-seven per cent thought
      discussions about CPR should take place routinely, but only 3% had previously
      discussed this issue with their physicians. Seventy per cent felt such
      discussions should take place during periods of health, and 84% felt their views
      should be part of the medical record. When asked about three terminal illnesses,
      a minority of patients wanted CPR: 25% felt CPR was indicated in the presence of
      irreversible coma, 28% for terminal cancer, and 41% for irreversible heart
      failure. More patients felt they would request CPR if they had irreversible heart
      failure than if in a coma (p less than 0.002) or for terminal cancer (p = 0.002).
      The majority of elderly outpatients have clearly defined opinions about the
      application of CPR and wish to discuss them with their physicians.

PMID- 3404293
TI  - The accuracy of alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme determination.
AB  - Alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme determination (APID) is in common use despite
      evidence suggesting that the results correlate poorly with actual sites of
      disease. To assess the predictive value of this test in clinical practice, 99
      APIDs performed on 94 patients were identified and the patients' charts were
      reviewed. Results of APID were compared with actual patient diagnoses as
      determined by other means. The liver isoenzyme fraction was not very accurate in
      predicting the presence of liver disease (positive predictive value 68%). In
      contrast, the bone isoenzyme fraction was insensitive (56%) but a positive test
      predicted bone disease well (positive predictive value 93%). The association of
      elevated transaminases with elevated alkaline phosphatase on a chemistry profile
      was as useful as APID in identifying liver disease, suggesting that APID should
      not be done in this setting. Using this information, APID can be helpful in the
      assessment of an ill patient with an elevated alkaline phosphatase.

PMID- 3404295
TI  - Long-term survival after transient loss of consciousness.
AB  - To determine the factors that influenced the long-term outcome of 198 patients
      who presented to the emergency ward with transient loss of consciousness, the
      authors followed them for a median of 83 months. Forty-one patients (21%) died,
      including nine patients who had out-of-hospital sudden cardiac arrest. Compared
      with age- and sex-adjusted mortality rates for the United States, long-term
      mortality was not increased among patients with benign causes of syncope.
      Multivariate analysis revealed that the long-term mortality rate was
      significantly increased in patients with a prior history of coronary or
      cerbrovascular disease (RR = 6.7), those who had cancer (RR = 7.3), and those who
      had drug or metabolic (RR = 5.9), central nervous system (RR = 5.7) or cardiac
      (RR = 9.2) causes of transient loss of consiousness. Among patients who
      experience transient losses of consciousness, the cause of the episode is
      significantly correlated with mortality for at least the next seven years.

PMID- 3404296
TI  - Evaluating clinical teaching in the medicine clerkship: relationship of
      instructor experience and training setting to ratings of teaching effectiveness.
AB  - A clinical teaching assessment form was used to evaluate the teaching by faculty
      and residents in the required third-year medicine clerkship over a two-year
      period. Data from 1,627 forms were analyzed for differences between groups of
      teachers at different experience levels and for comparison of teaching programs
      at different training sites. The level of involvement of instructor with student
      correlated with ratings by the students. Among groups of instructors, chief
      medical residents received the highest overall ratings. Faculty were rated higher
      than first-, second-, and third-year residents when degree of involvement of
      instructor with student was high. Ratings among faculty of different academic
      ranks were not significantly different. Analysis of data from different clinical
      settings showed that the teaching efforts by clinical faculty members in the
      ambulatory setting received the highest ratings from students. Although increased
      involvement of instructors with students or other factors may have led to the
      higher ratings in the ambulatory setting, the results are encouraging for the use
      of ambulatory teaching sites for the basic medicine clerkship.

PMID- 3404297
TI  - Withdrawing routine outpatient medical services: effects on access and health.
AB  - In 1983 a budget shortfall at the Seattle Veterans Administration Medical Center
      prompted termination of regular outpatient care for individuals of low legal
      priority deemed medically stable by administrative criteria. The authors examined
      the effects on health status and access to medical care of 157 discharged
      patients and 74 comparison subjects who met the discharge criteria but were
      retained. Seventeen months after termination, 41% of discharged patients reported
      their self-perceived health status was "much worse," compared with 8% of retained
      patients (p less than 0.001). Among discharged patients, 23% had seen no health
      care provider, 58% believed they lacked access to necessary care, and 47% had
      reduced prescribed medications. In contrast, all retained patients had seen a
      provider, 5% claimed to lack access, and 25% had reduced medications. Among
      discharged patients for whom complete follow-up data were available, the
      percentage whose blood pressures were out of control at their 13-month follow-up
      visits was 41%, compared with 5% at the time of discharge. This marked change
      contrasted with a rise from 9% to 17% among retained patients. A best-case/worse
      case analysis indicated that the findings could not be fully explained by biased
      follow-up. Administrative criteria did not accurately identify medically stable
      patients. During the study interval 25% of discharged patients were hospitalized
      and at least 6% died. These findings suggest that federal health care programs
      are important to many indigent patients and that withdrawing services may have
      deleterious consequences.

PMID- 3404294
TI  - Detection and treatment of hypercholesterolemia in a biethnic community, 1979
      1985.
AB  - Although hypercholesterolemia has been recognized as a risk factor for coronary
      heart disease (CHD) for decades, only in recent years have clinical trials
      definitively shown the efficacy of lowering serum cholesterol to prevent the
      occurrence or worsening of CHD. In 1985, an NIH consensus conference published
      guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Prior to
      1985, physicians and lay people alike were not yet convinced of the necessity to
      know one's cholesterol level, nor did they know what levels should be treated. In
      a community-based survey of cardiovascular risk factors, known as the San Antonio
      Heart Study, in which 1,932 Mexican-Americans (MAs) and 1,133 non-Hispanic whites
      (NHWs) were examined between 1979 and 1985, the authors found that only 36/501
      MAs (7%) and 54/312 NHWs (17%) in the moderate- or high-risk categories were
      aware that their cholesterols were high. Of the total number aware, including
      those whose cholesterol levels were in the low-risk range, only 23/97 MAs (24%)
      and 29/108 NHWs (27%) were receiving dietary or drug treatment. Of those being
      treated, only 9/23 MAs (39%) and 12/29 NHWs (41%) were effectively controlled.
      Mexican-Americans were less likely to be aware of their hypercholesterolemia than
      non-Hispanic whites, but both ethnic groups had low levels of treatment.

PMID- 3404298
TI  - Who talks to physicians about mental health and substance abuse problems?
AB  - This is an analysis of data from the NIMH-sponsored Epidemiologic Catchment Area
      community-based study, investigating who reported discussing mental health or
      substance abuse problems with nonpsychiatric physicians. Data were from 7,092
      respondents in four sites, all of whom had received care only in the
      nonpsychiatric sector in the previous six months. A multiple logistic model found
      that those individuals who had psychiatric disorders, and female, middle-aged,
      and Hispanic respondents, were more likely to have discussed emotional or mental
      health problems with their physicians. Respondents with alcohol abuse and
      substance abuse disorders did not report any more discussion of mental health
      problems than did respondents without alcohol or substance abuse disorders. Only
      36% of the respondents who said they had discussed mental health problems were
      found to have psychiatric disorders by the Diagnostic Interview Survey (DIS), but
      many of those without disorders reported more anxiety symptoms. An analysis was
      done to predict which respondents with DIS-defined psychiatric disorders did not
      report discussing mental health problems with their nonpsychiatric physicians.
      Those less than 35 years of age, those older than 65 years of age, males, and
      those with only one recent visit to a provider were statistically at high risk
      for not discussing their psychiatric problems.

PMID- 3404299
TI  - Why the goals of informed consent are not realized: treatise on informed consent
      for the primary care physician.

PMID- 3404300
TI  - Patients as their own controls in studies of therapeutic efficacy: can we trust
      the results of non-randomized trials?

PMID- 3404302
TI  - Writing and editing.

PMID- 3404303
TI  - Papers and promotion--the saga of today's academic medicine.

PMID- 3404304
TI  - The diabetes education study.

PMID- 3404301
TI  - Caution: physicians at overwork.

PMID- 3404305
TI  - Treatment of severe uncomplicated hypertension.

PMID- 3404306
TI  - Changing one's mind.

PMID- 3404307
TI  - Inference of global spatiochromatic mechanisms from contrast sensitivity
      functions.
AB  - A single spatiochromatic signal can describe both chromatic and luminance cosine
      gratings by varying the spatial phase of that signal. This signal representation
      permits chromatic and luminance spatial contrast sensitivity functions to be
      described as linear combinations of two global spatiochromatic mechanisms. If the
      spatiochromatic mechanisms are assumed to have Gaussian spatial profiles, we
      obtain one mechanism with broad spatial frequency tuning and one with narrow
      tuning. We find that the relative spatial shapes and extents of these mechanisms
      are in agreement with the center-surround organization of receptive fields of
      single retinal and geniculate cells. Furthermore, the chromatic responses of the
      derived mechanisms are in accord with the color-opponent nature of spatially
      antagonistic receptive fields.

PMID- 3404308
TI  - Small-angle intraocular light scatter: a hypothesis concerning its source.
AB  - The crystalline lens makes a major contribution to intraocular light scatter, yet
      the responsible structural features have not been identified. A hypothesis is
      presented that implicates the fiber architecture of the ocular lens in small
      angle scatter, this being the only part contributing to the associated reduction
      in vision. The main evidence supporting this hypothesis is a calculation of light
      scatter by a model lattice of fibers simulating the fiber lattice of the ocular
      lens. The results agree well with the angular dependence of measured intraocular
      scatter and, for reasonable parametric values, agree also with the measured
      magnitude.

PMID- 3404309
TI  - Variability in responses of retinal ganglion cells.
AB  - Changes in the maintained discharge of retinal ganglion cells have been modeled
      by addition of noise to a rate-setting signal, whereas the responses of cortical
      cells have been reported to indicate a nonlinear relationship between noise and
      signal. To determine whether this represents a difference between retinal cells
      and cortical cells, the variance of light-evoked responses of ganglion cells in
      the retinas of goldfish was compared with the magnitude of the responses.
      Variance increased for higher firing rates. These results are discussed in terms
      of mechanisms by which light-evoked signals might interact with the variability
      of maintained discharges.

PMID- 3404310
TI  - Two-dimensional spatial structure of receptive fields in monkey striate cortex.
AB  - Measurements of the spatial contrast sensitivity function and orientation
      selectivity of visual neurons in the foveal striate cortex (V1) of primates were
      interpreted within the context of a model of the two-dimensional spatial
      structure of their receptive fields. Estimates of the spatial dimensions of the
      receptive fields along the axis of preferred orientation were derived from the
      application of the model and were compared with estimates of the smallest spatial
      subunit in the dimension orthogonal to the preferred orientation. Some measure of
      agreement was found with corresponding estimates of parameters for psychophysical
      channels in human foveal vision.

PMID- 3404311
TI  - Spatial-frequency bands in complex visual stimuli: American Sign Language.
AB  - Dynamic images of individual signs of American Sign Language (ASL) with a
      resolution of 96 X 64 pixels were bandpass filtered in adjacent frequency bands.
      Intelligibility was determined by testing deaf subjects fluent in ASL. The
      following results were obtained. (1) By iteratively varying the center
      frequencies and bandwidths of the spatial bandpass filters, it was possible to
      divide the original signal into four different component bands of high
      intelligibility. (2) The measured temporal-frequency spectrum was approximately
      the same in all bands. (3) The masking of signals in band i by noise in band j
      was found to be inversely proportional to log [f signal/f noise]. At constant
      performance, the ratio of root-mean-square signal amplitude to noise amplitude,
      s/n, was the same for bands 2,3, and 4 and higher for band 1. (4) When weak
      signals i and j were added linearly, there was a slight intelligibility advantage
      for signals in the same band (i = j) compared with signals in adjacent bands and
      for signals in adjacent bands compared with signals in distant bands.

PMID- 3404312
TI  - Visual signal detection. IV. Observer inconsistency.
AB  - Historically, human signal-detection responses have been assumed to be governed
      by external determinants (nature of the signal, the noise, and the task) and
      internal determinants. Variability in the internal determinants is commonly
      attributed to internal noise (often vaguely defined). We present a variety of
      experimental results that demonstrate observer inconsistency in performing noise
      limited visual detection and discrimination tasks with repeated presentation of
      images. Our results can be interpreted by using a model that includes an internal
      noise component that is directly proportional to image noise. This so-called
      induced internal-noise component dominates when external noise is easily visible.
      We demonstrate that decision-variable fluctuations lead to this type of internal
      noise. Given this induced internal-noise proportionality (sigma i/sigma 0 = 0.75
      +/- 0.1), the upper limit to human visual signal-detection efficiency is 64% +/-
      6%. This limit is consistent with a variety of results presented in earlier
      papers in this series.

PMID- 3404313
TI  - Sampling irregularity perturbs visual reconstruction.
AB  - We explored the human observer's ability to detect and discriminate sine-wave and
      square-wave gratings that were sampled at intervals varying from 4.7 to 9.4
      arcmin. To study the effect of sampling irregularity on visual performance, we
      varied the position of each line sample on the basis of a Gaussian probability
      distribution, the standard deviation of which varied from 0 (regular sampling) to
      4.7 arcmin (highly irregular sampling). The results indicate that irregular
      sampling has no systematic effect on the observer's ability merely to detect the
      presence of a sine- or square-wave grating. In contrast, sampling irregularity
      strongly impairs the subject's ability to discriminate between these waveforms. A
      model based on the convolution of difference-of-Gaussians-type weighting profiles
      predicted that sampling irregularity should have little to no effect on the
      output of a channel tuned to the third harmonic of the square-wave grating. The
      findings thus suggest the existence of a sampling scheme in the visual system.
      This scheme is based on local feature-selective mechanisms, probably edge
      detectors, that are highly sensitive to the relative position of the sample
      points in the space domain.

PMID- 3404314
TI  - Bright-field microscopy of semitransparent objects.
AB  - We examine theoretically and experimentally the characteristics of in-focus and
      out-of-focus images of simple, well-defined phase objects. Theoretical
      calculations are based on the theory of partial coherence, and a simple
      calculation for imaging with coherent light demonstrates distinctive aspects of
      bright-field images. Experiments are performed with a well-corrected microscope,
      equipped for the precise control of illumination conditions and focus position.
      Theoretical and experimental results agree, although the contrast in the
      experimental images is often lower than expected. Also verified by experiment is
      a (to our knowledge) previously uninvestigated linear response in the intensity
      modulation of defocused, coherent images of thin, phase objects. The near-focus
      behavior of phase object images differs in symmetry from the more-familiar
      behavior of opaque object images.

PMID- 3404316
TI  - Diffusion model of the optical absorbance of whole blood.
AB  - Photon-diffusion theory has had limited success in modeling the optical
      transmittance of whole blood. Therefore we have developed a new photon-diffusion
      model of the optical absorbance of blood. The model has benefited from
      experiments designed to test its fundamental assumptions, and it has been
      compared extensively with transmittance data from whole blood. The model is
      consistent with both experimental and theoretical notions. Furthermore, when all
      parameters associated with a given optical geometry are known, the model needs no
      variational parameters to predict the absolute transmittance of whole blood.
      However, even if the exact value of the incident light intensity is unknown
      (which is the case in many situations), only a single additive constant is
      required to scale experiment to theory. Finally, the model is shown to be useful
      for simulating scattering effects and for delineating the relative contributions
      of the diffuse transmittance and the collimated transmittance to the total
      optical density of whole blood. Applications of the model include oximetry and
      measurements of the arteriovenous oxygen difference in whole, undiluted blood.

PMID- 3404315
TI  - Discrete analysis of spatial-sensitivity models.
AB  - The visual representation of spatial patterns begins with a series of linear
      transformations: the stimulus is blurred by the optics, spatially sampled by the
      photoreceptor array, spatially pooled by the ganglion-cell receptive fields, and
      so forth. Models of human spatial-pattern vision commonly summarize the initial
      transformations by a single linear transformation that maps the stimulus into an
      array of sensor responses. Some components of the initial linear transformations
      (e.g., lens blurring, photoreceptor sampling) have been estimated empirically;
      others have not. A computable model must include some assumptions concerning the
      unknown components of the initial linear encoding. Even a modest sketch of the
      initial visual encoding requires the specification of a large number of sensors,
      making the calculations required for performance predictions quite large. We
      describe procedures for reducing the computational burden of current models of
      spatial vision that ensure that the simplifications are consistent with the
      predictions of the complete model. We also describe a method for using pattern
      sensitivity measurements to estimate the initial linear transformation. The
      method is based on the assumption that detection performance is monotonic with
      the vector length of the sensor responses. We show how contrast-threshold data
      can be used to estimate the linear transformation needed to characterize
      threshold performance.

PMID- 3404317
TI  - Why do isoluminant stimuli appear slower?
AB  - There is ample evidence that the perception of movement, both real and apparent,
      is substantially impaired at isoluminance. Models of movement perception require
      spatial and temporal information about the stimulus. We ask whether changes at
      isoluminance result from a spatial or a temporal error or uncertainty. Reaction
      times to three kinds of stimulus were measured: (a) temporal stimuli, such as the
      onset of a square in a known location; (b) spatial stimuli, a vernier
      displacement of two squares; and (c) spatiotemporal stimuli, moving squares
      either starting or stopping. The results suggest that there is relatively little
      effect of isoluminance on purely temporal tasks (a). Longer reaction times were,
      however, obtained for detecting vernier offset (b). The reaction times to moving
      stimuli (c) were also slower at isoluminance to an extent that implies that
      perceived velocity at isoluminance is approximately 30% less than that seen at 8%
      contrast. The slowing of reaction times at isoluminance could be mimicked by
      adding random positional jitter to a nonisoluminant moving stimulus and also by
      presenting a low-contrast monochromatic stimulus. A simple explanation of the
      data is given in terms of a motion-detecting unit coupled to a temporal
      integrator. It is shown how such a unit can encode perceived velocity. The
      results of these experiments suggest that the neural coding of isoluminant
      stimuli is similar to that of low-contrast luminance stimuli and therefore that
      isoluminance may not be an effective method to find out whether specific visual
      mechanisms are color-blind.

PMID- 3404318
TI  - A quantitative analysis of donor site morbidity after vascularized fibula
      transfer.
AB  - Eleven patients with free vascularized fibula graft transplants to the upper
      extremity were studied for donor-side morbidity effects. Based on their surgical
      follow-up times, the patients were divided into either group 1 (5 +/- 2 months)
      or group 2 (21 +/- 8 months) to examine the effects of surgical trauma more
      closely. Gait evaluation was performed using two walkways containing different
      ground conditions. Knee and ankle-foot motion was measured using a three
      dimensional electrogoniometer. Basic temporodistance factors and ground reactions
      were obtained from foot switches, instrumented floor mats, and a force plate. A
      modified Cybex II isokinetic dynamometer was used to quantitate ankle-foot
      strengths. Moderate knee and ankle-foot motion changes were seen while walking on
      the level, sideslope, and ramp in patients evaluated less than 10 months after
      their surgical procedure. Minimal joint motion effects were discovered in
      patients with follow-up times longer than 10 months. Muscle strengths were
      significantly impaired in both groups, especially foot inversion and eversion. An
      inverse relationship existed between the length of resected fibula and ankle
      evertor muscle strength. Donor side morbidity does not appear to be caused by
      surgical soft-tissue trauma exclusively. These patients need to be studied for
      several more years to determine the long-term functional effects of free
      vascularized fibular graft transfer.

PMID- 3404319
TI  - EMG profiles of knee joint musculature during walking: changes induced by
      anterior cruciate ligament deficiency.
AB  - A tear of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) disrupts the delicate balance of
      static stabilizers of the knee, leading to significant alterations in joint
      kinematics. Little is known about the dynamic compensatory responses of the
      patient to these kinematic alterations. This lack of quantitative information on
      the muscle synergy patterns has limited the surgeon's ability to evaluate various
      operative and rehabilitative techniques. Twelve subjects with documented ACL
      deficiency for at least 1 year and 15 normal participants were studied. Each
      subject was asked to walk at free and fast speeds on a 12 m walkway. The right
      and left foot contact patterns and the linear envelopes from the surface
      electromyogram (EMG) patterns of the gastrocnemius, medial and lateral
      hamstrings, rectus femoris, and vastus lateralis were measured. Significant
      differences were found in the muscle synergy patterns during walking. During the
      swing-to-stance transition, the ACL-deficient subjects showed significantly less
      activity in the quadriceps and gastrocnemius muscles and more activity in the
      biceps femoris than in the normal group. During early swing, the vastus lateralis
      is more active than normal, and during midstance and terminal stance, the
      hamstrings appear to be less active than normal subjects. These dynamic
      compensatory mechanisms suggest that use of the hamstring tendons in
      reconstructive procedures may alter important compensatory mechanisms about the
      knee joint. Application of dynamic EMG techniques to the study of reconstructive
      procedures should provide additional information that will assist the clinician
      in the rational choice of a surgical procedure.

PMID- 3404320
TI  - Biomechanics of fascia lata ligament replacements: early postoperative changes in
      the goat.
AB  - Mechanical properties of fascia lata autografts used to replace the anterior
      cruciate ligament (ACL) in the goat were measured at 0, 2, 4, and 8 weeks after
      surgery. The ACL was replaced in the right knee of 50 animals divided equally
      into two groups according to graft fixation technique: (a) two smooth staples at
      each end, with the tissue pulled back toward the joint over the first staple and
      (b) reinforced fixation with a spiked bushing placed through the tissue and a 3
      cm-long flat polypropylene braid sutured to each end of the graft. Eleven
      unoperated contralateral knees were tested as controls. All statistically
      significant effects of the reinforced versus staple fixation were observed at 0
      weeks, with the reinforced group showing less anteroposterior (AP) translation of
      the joint and greater maximum force and stiffness of the femur-graft-tibia units.
      The reinforced group had increased AP translation and decreased strength and
      stiffness by 2 weeks after surgery. Increased AP translation resulted primarily
      from increases in the low-stiffness region of the force-displacement curve
      (primary AP translation) and to a lesser extent from increased translation in the
      high-stiffness region (secondary anterior translation). Failures at 0 weeks with
      the reinforced fixation occurred at the bushing or end of the reinforcing braid,
      while all but one of the later failures occurred in the tissue mid-substance. In
      the staple group, maximum force was greater at 8 weeks than at 0 weeks, as the
      failure locations changed from the fixation to the tissue mid-substance.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3404321
TI  - Juxtaarticular bone loss in experimental inflammatory arthritis.
AB  - The osteopenia associated with experimental inflammatory arthritis was studied by
      a histomorphometric method that exphasized net changes in bone composition.
      Juxtaarticular trabecular bone volume and turnover were studied in the
      carrageenan injection model of inflammatory arthritis of the mature rabbit knee.
      Trabecular bone volume was studied by histomorphometry of the femoral condyles
      and confirmed by photodensitometry on standard macroradiographs. Osteogenesis was
      studied by imaging of calcein fluorochrome-labeled newly formed bone in
      undecalcified histological sections. A significant net loss of cancellous bone
      (approximately 20%) occurred over 49 days in both the medial and the lateral
      femoral condyle in the arthritis group compared with normal controls. Total
      osteogenesis was increased fourfold and it was calculated that an even greater
      increase in total bone resorption was responsible for the negative bone balance.
      There is evidence that the periarticular bone loss of human rheumatoid arthritis
      is also associated with increased bone turnover. Quantitative studies of the
      kinetics of bone remodeling in inflammatory arthritis will provide the basis for
      therapeutic attempts to prevent or reverse arthritis-induced bone loss. Fracture
      risk in inflammatory arthritis may be increased not only by osteopenia, but
      additionally by the presence of a large proportion of newly formed (and
      presumably less mineralized) bone.

PMID- 3404322
TI  - Metabolic and biochemical abnormalities of articular cartilage induced by
      implantation of a sterile sheet of polyethylene in the rabbit patellofemoral
      joint.
AB  - A polyethylene sheet was implanted in the patellofemoral joint of the right knee
      of the rabbit and the biochemical and metabolic changes in the articular
      cartilage from femoral trochleas (in contact with the implant) and femoral
      condyles (free of direct contact) were compared with those in their sham-operated
      counterparts 7, 15, and 30 days after joint implantation. The results showed that
      there was an increase in the water content; the extraction yields of uronic acid-
      , 35SO4-, and [3H]glycine-containing compounds; and the incorporation of
      [3H]thymidine, [3H]glycine, and 35SO4. Concomitantly, the contents of uronic acid
      -, hexosamine-, neutral sugars-, and hydroxyproline-containing substances
      decreased in the femoral trochlear cartilage and, to a much lesser extent, in the
      femoral condylar cartilage from implanted joints. The increased capacity of
      viable chondrocytes to incorporate metabolic radiolabeled precursors into newly
      synthesized macromolecules may represent a reparative cell response to the tissue
      injury induced by the implant. This is therefore a useful model for studying the
      response of chondrocytes to mechanical injury and tissue tolerance to
      intraarticularly implanted prosthetic materials.

PMID- 3404323
TI  - Quantitation of glycocalyx production in coagulase-negative Staphylococcus.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to develop sensitive and accurate methods of
      quantitating bacterial glycocalyx. Coagulase-negative staphylococci were cultured
      in trypticase soy broth. Quantitation of slime production was evaluated using
      various methods of fixation and staining. The amount of dye associated with
      bacterial slime was assessed spectrophotometrically following solubilization of
      the dye-biofilm complex by 0.2 M NaOH at 85 degrees C for 1 h. Carnoy's solution
      was optimal for fixation of the slime, and toluidine blue staining was most
      reproducible. Fifteen strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis showed a gradation in
      biofilm production ranging from high, medium, to low that was strain stable.
      Irrespective of the technique used, high, medium, and low producers of bacterial
      slime remained in the same category and always showed significantly different
      optical density readings (p less than 0.05). In our experiments, solubilization
      of a toluidine blue-bacterial biofilm complex was a direct, simple, and efficient
      method for reproducibily quantitating glycocalyx. This method provides a useful
      means of rapid quantitation of biofilm production to assess its role in the
      infection process and in the response to antibiotic therapy.

PMID- 3404324
TI  - Venous drainage of the femur permits passage of 100-micron particles.
AB  - Iatrogenic metastasis of bone tumor is reportedly increased if aggregates of
      tumor cells enter the circulation. The current study used a previously developed
      animal model to explore the movement of 25-, 50-, and 100-micron-diameter
      particles from an experimental femur biopsy site into the circulation. The
      results indicate that cell aggregate-sized particles can enter the circulation
      from the femur at a rate similar to that of the 15-micron particles used in
      previous studies. Arterial blood samples collected during and after the injection
      of particles contained no 50- or 100-micron particles, suggesting that the lung
      is an effective filter for these larger particles.

PMID- 3404325
TI  - Pulsed electromagnetic fields alter phenotypic expression in chondroblasts in
      tissue culture.
AB  - We hypothesize that pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) alter phenotypic
      expression of chondroblasts by promoting the production of alkaline phosphatase
      (AP) and altering the structure of proteoglycans. Chondroblasts from the
      hypertrophic zone of tibial epiphyses (HC), sternum (SC), and skin fibroblasts
      (F) were cultured from 16 day chick embryos. Cultures were randomly designated
      control (C) or experimental (E). E received PEMF for 24 h in a 6 h on, 6 h rest
      sequence. The controls were in the same incubator shielded by Mu metal. Assays
      for AP activity were performed and normalized to protein content. Proteoglycan
      synthesis assay involved labeling with 35S fractionating in a 5% to 20% surcrose
      gradient determining total protein and chondroitin sulfate content. PEMF showed
      no change of AP activity on F. A high AP basal activity was found in HC, but was
      not increased above the control. PEMF increased AP in the SC samples (E/C ratio).
      The sucrose gradient data showed a shift in peaks for SC only altering the ratio
      of carbohydrate to protein for the SC. Analysis of carbohydrate and protein
      indicated that the effect was decreased synthesis or degradation of protein. We
      conclude that PEMF alters the phenotypic expression of sternal chondroblasts in
      our in vitro system.

PMID- 3404326
TI  - Effect of direct current on cultured growth cartilage cells in vitro.
AB  - Cultured growth cartilage cells of young rabbits were stimulated by three levels
      (10, 1, and 0.1 microA) of constant direct current (DC). The effect of DC was
      examined by measuring the activities of proteoglycan synthesis (uptake of
      [35S]sodium sulfate and toluidine blue staining) and DNA synthesis (uptake of
      [3H]thymidine). DC increased syntheses of both proteoglycans and DNA when 1
      microA (calculated current density of 1 microA/cm2) was applied for 3 days. A
      longer stimulation resulted in a larger difference between stimulated and
      unstimulated cells. Ten-microampere stimulation devitalized the cells, while 0.1
      microA had no effect on cell activities.

PMID- 3404327
TI  - Transplacental effects of vitamin A on fetal bones in mice--follow-up studies on
      postnatal recovery.
AB  - Pregnant mice were injected with pharmacological doses of vitamin A during days
      11-19 of gestation with the purpose of studying the long bones of offspring up to
      the age of 1 week. Tibiae were collected for routine light microscopic
      examination and tranmission electron microscopic examination. In addition,
      biochemical studies were conducted to determine the calcium, phosphorus, and
      magnesium content as well as the hydroxyproline and protein content of the bones.
      Treatment with vitamin A resulted in reduced weight and length of the long bones,
      as well as the presence of excessive calcification throughout the hypertrophic
      zone of the cartilaginous epiphyses. Matrix vesicles, many of them containing
      hydroxyapatite crystals, were observed and found to be distributed within the
      cartilaginous epiphyses in a similar pattern as in untreated control mice
      offspring, but mineral crystals were also observed unassociated with the matrix
      vesicles. The calcium, phosphate, magnesium, and hydroxyproline content was
      reduced in the vitamin A offspring. However, the percentage of these minerals
      expressed per dry weight bone was higher than in controls, verifying the
      morphological findings that although vitamin A inhibits bone growth, it enhances
      calcification in the growth plate.

PMID- 3404328
TI  - Analysis and measurement of neck loads.
AB  - To examine the loads imposed on the structures of the neck by the performance of
      physical tasks, a biomechanical model of the neck was constructed. The model
      incorporated 14 bilateral pairs of muscle equivalents crossing the C4 level. A
      double linear programming optimization scheme that minimized maximum muscle
      contraction intensity and then vertebral compression force while equilibrating
      external loads was used to calculate the muscle contraction forces required and
      the motion segment reactions produced by task performance. To test model
      validity, 14 healthy adult subjects performed a series of isometric tasks
      requiring use of their neck muscles. These tasks included exertions in attempted
      flexion, extension, and left and right lateral bending and twisting. Subjects
      exerted maximum and submaximum voluntary efforts. During the performance, surface
      myoelectric activities were recorded at eight locations around the periphery of
      the neck at the C4 level. Calculated forces and measured myoelectric activities
      were then linearly correlated. Mean measured voluntary neck strengths in 10 male
      subjects were as large as 29.7 Nm. Four female subjects developed mean strengths
      that were approximately 60%-90% of those of the males. In both sexes, neck muscle
      strengths were approximately one order of magnitude lower than previously
      measured lumbar trunk strengths. Mean calculated neck muscle contraction forces
      ranged to 180 N. Mean calculated compression forces on the C4-5 motion segment
      ranged to 1164 N, lateral shear forces ranged to 125 N, and anteroposterior shear
      forces ranged to 135 N. Correlation coefficients between the calculated muscle
      forces and the measured myoelectric activities were as large as 0.85 in some
      muscles, but generally were smaller than this.

PMID- 3404329
TI  - A biomechanical assessment of plate fixation, with insufficient bony support.
AB  - The use of an internal fixation plate in the presence of a bone defect was
      studied using a theoretical model of an idealized long bone having a circular
      cross section and loaded using a combination of axial and bending loads. The
      analysis showed that the "bending-open" loading mode does not occur if, in the
      normal unplated bone, the line of action of the resultant axial load passes
      within the outer cortex at the location where the plate is to be applied. In this
      situation the fracture will deform in a "bending-closed" mode regardless of
      whether the plate is attached to the tension or the compression side. If bony
      contact cannot be achieved, lower plate stress is always encountered when the
      plate is attached to the compression side instead of the tension side. In vivo
      verification of the model was addressed in a pilot experiment using instrumented
      metal plates applied bilaterally to the femora of one dog. Bilateral bone defects
      were created in the midfemoral canine diaphysis. On one leg the plate was applied
      to the lateral aspect ("tension" side), and on the other leg the plate was
      applied to the medial aspect ("compression" side). The plate attached to the
      lateral aspect deformed plastically in the bending-closed mode. The contralateral
      plate that was attached to the medial aspect (compression side) of the femur did
      not show signs of plastic deformation. Furthermore, the plate strains were lower
      in the plate attached to the medial aspect than those in the plate attached to
      the lateral aspect.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3404330
TI  - Limb lengthening by diaphyseal corticotomy, callus distraction, and dynamic axial
      fixation. An experimental study in the ovine femur.
AB  - Limb lengthening of the left femur was performed in 12 sheep, 7-8 months of age.
      After weakening of the cortex by drill holes, a controlled fracture was created
      in the diaphysis. The bone segments were fixed in reduced position using a
      unilateral external fixation device. The fixator was left in neutral position for
      10 days postoperatively when lengthening started. By means of daily distraction
      at a rate of 1.0 mm once a day for 3 weeks, an average lengthening of 1.9 cm
      (11.9%) was obtained. Two weeks after distraction had been discontinued, distinct
      callus bridging of the lengthening zone was confirmed radiographically in all
      animals. At this time the rigid state of fixation was converted to a system
      allowing axial compression by loading in half the animals. The other half of the
      animals served as controls with the fixator remaining unchanged. The external
      device was left on until 5 weeks after the end of distraction. At this time the
      animals were killed. Both femora of all animals were tested mechanically in
      torsion. The average ultimate torsional strength of the elongated femur compared
      with control was 71% in the group with dynamic axial fixation and 65% in the
      control group. No significant difference in relative strength of the tested bones
      in the two groups was found. We conclude that intermittent axial compression by
      loading during consolidation had no significant effect on the bone-healing
      process evaluated by radiography and mechanical testing.

PMID- 3404331
TI  - Correlations between mechanical stress history and tissue differentiation in
      initial fracture healing.
AB  - A general theory for the role of intermittently imposed stresses in the
      differentiation of mesenchymal tissue is presented and then applied to the
      process of fracture healing. Two-dimensional finite element models of a healing
      osteotomy in a long bone were generated and the stress distributions were
      calculated throughout the early callus tissue under various loading conditions.
      These calculations were used in formulating theoretical predictions of tissue
      differentiation that were consistent with the biochemical and morphological
      observations of previous investigators. The results suggest that intermittent
      hydrostatic (dilatational) stresses may play an important role in influencing
      revascularization and tissue differentiation and determining the morphological
      patterns of initial fracture healing.

PMID- 3404332
TI  - Predicting talocalcaneal joint orientations from talocalcaneal/talocrural joint
      orientations.
AB  - The purpose of this investigation was to determine the capacity of
      talocalcaneal/talocrural joint orientations to predict talocalcaneal (TC) joint
      orientations. A custom designed orientation-loading fixture was used to position
      the calcaneus and shank with six degrees of freedom, and to apply loads in three
      orthogonal directions. Three reference pins were rigidly mounted in the
      calcaneus, talus, and shank segments to provide position data in 243 test
      situations. Test data were fitted to statistical models using analysis of
      variance. The models were then used to determine the capacity to predict talus
      positions from shank positions, both with respect to the calcaneus. Results
      indicated large between and within specimen variation and was attributed to
      individual joint morphology. It was concluded that (a) eversion-inversion
      orientations of the TC/talocrural joint were not always accurate indicators of TC
      joint orientations, (b) abduction-adduction orientations of the combined joint
      had the greatest overall influence on TC orientations (thus, monitoring eversion
      inversion and abduction-adduction orientations of the combined joint would be
      more valuable in predicting pronation-supination positions than monitoring only
      eversion-inversion orientations), and (c) foot categories based on TC and
      TC/talocrural joint morphology should be developed. They would provide more
      accurate prediction for specimen foot orientations than prediction from overall
      average values.

PMID- 3404333
TI  - Symmetry of the canine femur: implications for experimental sample size
      requirements.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine the degree of bilateral variability in
      cross-sectional geometric properties of the adult canine proximal femur and to
      use these data to determine minimum detectable treatment effects in paired and
      independent experimental designs. Thirteen pairs of canine femora were sectioned
      at nine locations and 16 cross-sectional geometric properties were determined for
      each section location. The canine femur was found to be bilaterally symmetrical.
      For a given sample size, the magnitude of the detectable treatment effect was (a)
      smaller for diameters than for areas and area moments of inertia and (b) smaller
      within the middiaphysis than proximally. The data from this study can be used to
      estimate sample size requirements for experiments in which the treatment effect
      is determined by using the contralateral femur as a control. It was found that an
      increase from 3 to 7 animals would have a much greater effect on improving the
      sensitivity of an experiment than would an increase from 7 to 11 animals.

PMID- 3404334
TI  - Water content and equilibrium water partition in immature cartilage.
AB  - The water content, equilibrium water partition, and total thickness for immature
      bovine articular cartilage were determined and compared to previously determined
      values for mature tissue. The bulk equilibrium water partition and thickness were
      significantly greater in immature tissue as compared to mature tissue, while the
      bulk water content was similar. Spatial differences were noted in each physical
      parameter.

PMID- 3404336
TI  - [Histochemical analysis of local immune system in the middle ear].

PMID- 3404337
TI  - [Biological property of immune complex and its pathogenicity to persist otitis
      media with effusion].

PMID- 3404338
TI  - [Chronic tonsillitis due to Chlamydia trachomatis].

PMID- 3404339
TI  - [Clinical experience of Acoustic Otoscope Recorder Model 501].

PMID- 3404335
TI  - A reflection scanning acoustic microscope for bone and bone-biomaterials
      interface studies.
AB  - A relatively simple scanning acoustic microscope (SAM) that operates in the
      reflection mode has been constructed. The system uses a 20 MHz spherically
      focused transducer, acting both as transmitter and as detector, to obtain
      acoustic impedance information on a thin surface layer at a maximum resolution of
      approximately 100 micron. The specimen is mounted on an X-Y driving system
      (precision, 5 micron) under computer control in order to scan a grid of 256 x 256
      points across areas ranging from 6.5 to 1300 mm2. An algorithm is used to
      reference the data against standards; specially developed software provides for
      pseudo-color mapping, three-dimensional images, zooming to 16 x magnification,
      contouring, and single line profiles of the data. The system has been used to
      determine inhomogeneities in surface acoustic properties of mineralized tissues
      and implant materials, in many cases as a complement to using ultrasonic wave
      propagation techniques to measure the bulk anisotropic properties.

PMID- 3404340
TI  - [Effect of topical anesthesia of the pharyngolaryngeal mucosae on abnormal
      sensation in the throat].

PMID- 3404341
TI  - [Effects of histamine on middle ear ciliary activity].

PMID- 3404342
TI  - [Androgen affinity on human laryngeal tissues].

PMID- 3404344
TI  - [Disturbance of flavor sensation in patient with anosmia].

PMID- 3404345
TI  - [Study of gaze function during vertical body oscillation--analysis in normal
      adults and labyrinthine lesions].

PMID- 3404343
TI  - [Cerebral inputs to cerebellar dentate nucleus neurons in the cat].

PMID- 3404346
TI  - [The on-, off-response of optokinetic nystagmus in human subjects].

PMID- 3404347
TI  - [The secretory cells in the eustachian tube of an experimental model of otitis
      media with effusion].

PMID- 3404348
TI  - [A case of Wolfram syndrome associated with dysphagia].

PMID- 3404350
TI  - [Investigation of the genetics in allergic rhinitis. The 4th report--HLA class I
      and II specificities of orchard grass pollinosis].

PMID- 3404349
TI  - [Investigation of the genetics in allergic rhinitis. The 3rd report--HLA class I
      and II specificities of Japanese cedar pollinosis].

PMID- 3404351
TI  - [Analysis of dynamic characteristics of middle ear--measurement with middle ear
      analyser].

PMID- 3404352
TI  - [Functional distribution of the extratemporal facial nerve; evoked
      electromyographic investigation].

PMID- 3404354
TI  - [The investigation of sinus wall thickening on CT].

PMID- 3404353
TI  - [Image diagnosis of nasal bone fracture].

PMID- 3404355
TI  - [Detection rate of laryngeal cancer in thorough medical check up performed by all
      Japan National Health Insurance Association of Engineering & Construction].

PMID- 3404356
TI  - [Clinicopathological study of supraglottic carcinoma--analysis of biopsied
      materials].

PMID- 3404357
TI  - Nutritional considerations of pancreatic enzyme therapy in cystic fibrosis. An
      international symposium. Oslo, Norway, June 18, 1987.

PMID- 3404358
TI  - Pancrease gastroresistance: in vitro evaluation of pH-determined dissolution.
AB  - In order to avoid inactivation in the stomach, pancreatic enzymes have been
      prepared as pH-sensitive, enteric-coated microspheres (Pancrease). An in vitro
      study was performed to evaluate the pH-related dissolution of Pancrease and to
      confirm its resistance to gastric acidity. Two assay methods were used with three
      different batches of Pancrease: (a) Enzyme absorbency at 280 nm was measured at
      unit pH intervals from pH 1 to pH 8 and at 0.5 pH intervals from the start of
      dissolution to pH 8. (b) Proteolytic activity was measured at pH 6.8. Significant
      enzyme dissolution started at pH 5.5 and was maximal at pH 6.0. At pH 6.8, the pH
      of simulated intestinal fluid, dissolution was complete in less than 15 min. At
      pH 5.0, no dissolution occurred within the first 10 min and only 13% dissolution
      was observed after 2 h. At pH 7.0, 100% dissolution was seen within 10 min.
      Results of the two assay methods were comparable with all three enzyme batches
      assayed. This study confirmed the gastroresistance of Pancrease. Because of the
      enteric coating of Pancrease, liberation of enzymes occurs in the duodenum and
      jejunum, providing maximal enzymatic efficacy in exocrine pancreatic
      insufficiency.

PMID- 3404359
TI  - Malabsorption in cystic fibrosis: mechanisms and treatment.
AB  - Malabsorption of nutrients in cystic fibrosis (CF) has a multifactorial origin.
      The factors involved in malabsorption include malfunction of the exocrine
      pancreas and liver, bile acid metabolism, and disordered intestinal resorptive
      processes. Therapeutic measures presently employed are only partially effective.
      Improvement of fat malabsorption is attained by using a pancreatic enzyme
      supplement consisting of pH-sensitive, enteric-coated microspheres (microsphere
      preparations) that prevent enzyme degradation in the stomach and travel with the
      chyme to the small intestine. Microsphere preparations, however, do not improve
      bile salt deficiency. The detergent Tween-80, given orally to simulate bile salt
      activity, does not improve fat absorption. The mucus viscosity is probably
      enhanced in the intestinal epithelium of CF patients and can be decreased by N
      acetylcysteine, which breaks down sulfide bonds. However, the addition of a high
      oral dose of this mucus solvent to pancreatin preparations does not improve fat
      absorption. Further studies on the disturbed intestinal resorptive mechanism seem
      warranted since recent investigations point to an abnormal chloride secretion as
      the primary defect in the intestinal epithelia of CF patients.

PMID- 3404360
TI  - The management of enzymatic therapy in cystic fibrosis patients by an
      individualized approach.
AB  - We evaluated nutritional status, pulmonary impairment, nutritional intake, and
      fat absorption in 73 cystic fibrosis (CF) patients to identify the primary
      factor(s) influencing growth. In general, the growth pattern in our patients was
      satisfactory since 60/73 were not underweight. When caloric intake is greater
      than or equal to 95% of RDA, wasting does not occur regardless of the degree of
      malabsorption, dietary fat content, or lung involvement. In the group of patients
      who consume less than the RDA, underweight is related to the severity of
      pulmonary disease; indeed, 11/13 underweight patients have a chest x-ray score
      over 15. Steatorrhea is well controlled in most patients; only 11 of 73 show a
      fat excretion greater than 25% of fat intake. The daily number of capsules of
      Pancrease varies from 4 to 57. The amount of Pancrease to be given was
      individualized to meet each patient's requirements using fat balance studies to
      determine the necessary daily Pancrease dose, then distributing the total dose in
      proportion to the fat content of each meal.

PMID- 3404362
TI  - Understanding the intentions of pregnant nullipara to not smoke cigarettes after
      childbirth.

PMID- 3404363
TI  - A comparative study of the attitudes of alcoholic veterans and nonalcoholic
      veterans toward child rearing practices and family life.

PMID- 3404361
TI  - Decision-making and young people.

PMID- 3404364
TI  - Using the concept of risk to plan drug use intervention programs.

PMID- 3404365
TI  - Differential impact of three alcohol prevention curricula on hypothesized
      mediating variables.

PMID- 3404367
TI  - Sociocultural correlates of substance use among medical students.

PMID- 3404366
TI  - What mothers know about their adolescents' alcohol/drug use and problems, and how
      mothers react to finding out about it.

PMID- 3404368
TI  - Ever-changing practice--a reality of life.

PMID- 3404369
TI  - Exercise-induced asthma: the "silent asthma".

PMID- 3404370
TI  - A model for providing health maintenance and promotion to children from low
      income, ethnically diverse backgrounds.

PMID- 3404371
TI  - New directions in maternal attachment research.

PMID- 3404374
TI  - Common viral skin problems of childhood: warts and molluscum.

PMID- 3404372
TI  - The nursing shortage: is there a solution?

PMID- 3404373
TI  - Training in adolescent health for nurse practitioners.

PMID- 3404375
TI  - Death of a sibling.

PMID- 3404376
TI  - Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine.

PMID- 3404377
TI  - Human fetal oxygenation (tcPo2), heart rate variability and uterine activity
      following maternal administration of meperidine.
AB  - Fetal tcPo2 levels were measured in 10 patients following maternal administration
      of 50 mg of meperidine by intravenous route. About 3 minutes following injection
      of meperidine, tcPo2 values started to decline to reach the lowest value of 37 +/
      25% by 7 mins of injection. tcPo2 values recovered by about 15 mins following
      injection. These changes in fetal tcPo2 levels preceded transient minimal
      increase in FHR variability. The increase in FHR variability was followed
      immediately by a decrease in the indices of the FHR variability. The uterine
      activity began to decline below the predicted positive slope values shortly
      following injection of meperidine. This decline was maximum 15 mins post
      injection, subsequently establishing a trajectory toward the positive values
      expected for unmedicated labor. Two patients receiving 25 mg intravenous
      meperidine demonstrated no decline in tcPo2 levels; however, in the patient
      receiving 75 mg of intravenous meperidine, the changes noted were similar to
      those observed following 50 mg of meperidine.

PMID- 3404378
TI  - Pulsatile oxytocin for induction of labor: a randomized prospective controlled
      study.
AB  - In a prospective randomized study, 20 patients with term pregnancies underwent
      induction of labor with either continuous or pulsed (every 8 minutes) intravenous
      oxytocin infusion. There were no significant differences with respect to
      induction-labor interval, induction-delivery interval, cesarean section rates,
      need for pain relief and Apgar scores. Sixty percent of patients receiving
      continuous oxytocin infusion developed uterine hyperstimulation but only 10%
      receiving pulsed oxytocin did so. However, the difference was not significant.
      The mean +/- SEM total amount of oxytocin given by continuous infusion was 4237
      +/- 1066 mU which was 70% more than by pulsatile infusion (2454 +/- 808 mU). The
      highest rate of oxytocin infused was significantly lower by pulsatile
      administration (5.2 +/- 0.8 mU/min) than by continuous infusion (9.2 +/- 1.8
      mU/min, p = less than 0.05). Our study demonstrates that pulsed administration of
      oxytocin every 8 minutes is as effective and safe as continuous intravenous
      infusion of oxytocin for induction of labor, requires less oxytocin with
      therefore, a wider margin of safety and is consistent with the pulsatile release
      of oxytocin during normal labor.

PMID- 3404379
TI  - Intrauterine therapy of fetal tachyarrhythmias: intraperitoneal administration of
      antiarrhythmic drugs to the fetus in fetal tachyarrhythmias with severe hydrops
      fetalis.
AB  - In cases of fetal tachyarrhythmia with congestive heart failure accompanied by
      signs of non-immune hydrops fetalis, the transplacental treatment of the fetus
      with antiarrhythmic agents by administration of drugs to the mother is only
      rarely successful. In the two cases reported, the cardioversion of a
      supraventricular tachycardia to a sinus rhythm or a constant 2:1 AV conduction
      block to a 1:1 AV conduction with atrial flutter could only be achieved after
      additional antiarrhythmic treatment directly administered to the fetus using
      ultrasound guidance. Drugs used include: beta-methyldigoxin, verapamil,
      propafenon, and they were administered according to the dosing amounts for
      intravascular injections. This was carried out 12 times in case 1 by the
      intraperitoneal route into the fetal ascites and twice in case 2. This led in
      both cases to varying durations of a sustained sinus rhythm after 5-15 minutes.
      This technically relatively simple procedure affords the option of rapidly
      achieving high concentrations, even when antiarrhythmic agents are administered
      which do not adequately cross the placenta. This direct treatment is indicated in
      cases of tachyarrhythmia with advanced signs of non-immune hydrops fetalis as a
      supplement to the high-dose transplacental therapy using antiarrhythmic agents.

PMID- 3404380
TI  - High permeability pulmonary edema (ARDS) during tocolytic therapy--a case report.
AB  - A 26 year old previously healthy woman who was treated with fenoterol for
      premature labor at 30 gestational weeks developed pulmonary edema requiring
      intubation and mechanical ventilation. Vaginal delivery was accomplished with
      forceps after tocolytic therapy had been stopped. Right heart catheterization
      with measurement of pulmonary wedge pressure did not reveal left ventricular
      failure. Protein determination in lung edema fluid provided evidence of increased
      pulmonary capillary permeability. Recovery was rapid and ventilatory support was
      stopped after 36 hours. It is suggested that the infusion of beta-sympathomimetic
      drugs may alter the permeability of the alveolar-capillary membranes which
      together with triggering factors such as fluid overload might lead to clinically
      manifest pulmonary edema.

PMID- 3404381
TI  - Aspects of the pathophysiology of maternal lung edema during tocolytic therapy.

PMID- 3404382
TI  - Effect of blood and meconium on the determination of phospholipids in amniotic
      fluid using high pressure liquid chromatography.
AB  - This paper presents the evaluation of the effects of blood and meconium on the
      determination of the phospholipids phosphatidylglycerol (PG),
      phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylcholine
      (PC), sphingomyelin (SP) and lysolecithin (LL) in amniotic fluid. Phospholipids
      were analyzed by a new method using high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC),
      which is based on the procedure of BRIAND et al. The method was extended for
      quantitative determination with lysolecithin as internal standard. The HPLC
      equipment consisted of two pumps, an HPLC programmer, an HPLC oven, a UV detector
      and an integrator. The chromatographic separation was achieved on a 25 cm DIOL
      column and a 6 cm guard column packed with silica SI 60. The oven temperature was
      55 degrees C and the detector wave length was 201 nm. The chromatographic mobile
      phase was composed of two solvents, acetonitrile and water. A solvent gradient
      was run from 2.4% water to 15% water between 5 and 13 minutes. Phospholipids were
      extracted according to the procedure of GLUCK. Before extraction 40 micrograms of
      LL as internal standard were added to 2.0 ml amniotic fluid. In a standard
      solution the phospholipids PE, PC, SP and LL were baseline separated, in the case
      of PG and PI a perpendicular division of the peaks was necessary. To evaluate the
      effect of contamination by blood and meconium, various amounts of blood and
      meconium were added to uncontaminated amniotic fluid samples. Contamination by
      blood caused a rise of the concentrations of PC, PE and SP up to tenfold. PG and
      PI concentrations were not affected by blood staining.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3404383
TI  - Narcissism and the use of personal pronouns.
AB  - In this study we explored the relationship between narcissism and the
      individual's use of personal pronouns during extemporaneous monologues. The
      subjects, 24 males and 24 females, were asked to talk for approximately 5 minutes
      on any topic they chose. Following the monologues the subjects were administered
      the Narcissistic Personality Inventory, the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire,
      and the Rotter Internal-External Locus of Control Scale. The monologues were tape
      recorded and later transcribed and analyzed for the subjects' use of personal
      pronouns. As hypothesized, individuals who scored higher on narcissism tended to
      use more first person singular pronouns and fewer first person plural pronouns.
      Discriminant validity for the relationship between narcissism and first person
      pronoun usage was exhibited in that narcissism did not show a relationship with
      subjects' use of second and third person pronouns, nor did the personality
      variables of extraversion, neuroticism, or locus of control exhibit any
      relationship with the subjects' personal pronoun usage.

PMID- 3404384
TI  - Recalled parent-child relations and adult personality.
AB  - Adult children's ratings of their parents' behaviors on the Parent-Child Relation
      Questionnaire II were correlated with self-reports and peer ratings of
      personality on the NEO Personality Inventory in a sample of 619 men and women
      aged 21 to 96. Individuals who reported that their parents were loving scored
      lower in neuroticism and higher in extraversion, openness to experience,
      agreeableness, and conscientiousness. Individuals, especially men, who described
      their parents as casual rather than demanding were lower in extraversion and
      conscientiousness, but higher in openness. Parental attention (i.e., spoiling)
      was associated with extraversion and low agreeableness. Several of these
      correlations were replicated when peer ratings of personality were examined.
      However, all the associations were modest, and several alternative explanations
      suggest that the correlations may exaggerate the influence of these child-rearing
      practices on adult personality. Parental behaviors and attitudes seem to have
      less effect on broad dimensions of adult personality than traditionally supposed.

PMID- 3404385
TI  - An empirical approach to the study of defense mechanisms: I. Reliability and
      preliminary validity of the Rorschach Defense scales.
AB  - Despite widespread use of the Rorschach for the study of defense mechanisms, few
      recent Rorschach scales have been developed for the study of defensive
      functioning. We critically review previous empirical research and describe the
      Rorschach Defense scales. These scales provide criteria for rating both lower
      level defense mechanisms, such as splitting and primitive idealization, as well
      as higher level defenses, such as intellectualization and isolation. The scales
      utilize a broad range of content including all Rorschach responses, associative
      content, and verbalization of the tester-patient relationship. Data on interrater
      reliability and preliminary validity are presented.

PMID- 3404386
TI  - Clinical utility of the MMPI in the evaluation of adolescent suicide attempters.
AB  - MMPI profiles of female adolescents hospitalized on a general pediatrics floor
      following a suicide attempt were compared to a control group of medically
      hospitalized, female adolescents referred for psychiatric evaluation. The suicide
      attempters had only a lower score on the K scale when compared to the control
      group. Results do not suggest that a single MMPI profile differentiates suicide
      attempters from a comparison group of adolescents with emotional difficulties.
      Implications of these findings are discussed.

PMID- 3404388
TI  - Primary process thinking and anxiety in children.
AB  - The relationship between primary process thinking and two measures of anxiety was
      investigated in fourth- and fifth-grade children. Holt's Scoring System for
      Primary Process Responses on the Rorschach was the measure of primary process
      thinking. The major hypotheses were supported for boys in that frequency of
      expression of primary process material was positively related to behavioral
      manifestations of anxiety as measured by the Teacher's Rating Scale. Also,
      controlled access to and integration of primary process was negatively related to
      teacher's ratings of anxiety. There were no significant results for girls.
      Primary process measures were not related to the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory
      for Children. Possible reasons for the different relationships between the
      primary process measures and the anxiety measures are discussed.

PMID- 3404387
TI  - A comparison of two measures of egocentrism.
AB  - This study examined the relationship between two prominent measures of
      egocentrism, Enright's Adolescent Egocentrism Scale (AES) and Elkind's Imaginary
      Audience Scale (IAS), in a sample of 458 adolescents, between 10 and 15 years
      old. Both correlational and factor analyses indicated that the two measures
      assess distinctly different phenomena. As predicted, IAS scores were correlated
      with self-reported levels of shyness, nervousness, and social skills. These
      results provide partial evidence for the validity of the IAS as a measure of self
      consciousness, though not necessarily egocentrism per se. The validity of the AES
      was not examined.

PMID- 3404389
TI  - Racial bias in prediction with the MMPI for a juvenile delinquent population.
AB  - Relationships between MMPI scales and criteria were evaluated to determine if the
      MMPI is racially biased with a juvenile delinquent population. The MMPI was
      administered to 333 white and 107 black male juvenile delinquents, and criterion
      data were collected. The regression equations developed for Blacks and whites
      resulted in similar accuracies. However, the weights of the regression equations
      tended to differ for the two races. How they differed depended on the criterion
      predicted by the equations. Consequently, it was impossible to state
      unconditionally that the use of the MMPI with Black delinquents will have an
      adverse impact. In fact, one interpretation of the results suggested that the
      MMPI may not be racially biased for predictions with juvenile delinquents because
      the amount of constant error in prediction for a racial group decreased toward
      zero as the apparent objectivity of the criteria increased.

PMID- 3404390
TI  - MMPI and Rorschach indices of schizophrenic and depressive diagnoses among
      adolescent inpatients.
AB  - Although adolescent norms have been developed for the MMPI (e.g., Marks, Seeman,
      & Haller, 1974) and Rorschach (e.g., Exner, 1986a), little is known regarding the
      discriminate diagnostic validity of these measures with adolescents. This study
      investigated the usefulness of these measures in the detection of depression and
      schizophrenia among adolescent inpatients. Subjects (mean age = 15.3) consisted
      of 134 adolescents who received Rorschach and MMPI administrations at hospital
      admission. Clinical diagnoses resulted in the following groupings for this
      sample: schizophrenia = 15, dysthymic disorder = 41, major depression = 26,
      conduct disorder = 28, personality disorder = 18. MMPI scale Sc elevation was
      found to be the most effective single predictor of schizophrenic diagnoses, with
      a hit rate of .76, sensitivity of .62, and specificity of .78. Neither MMPI scale
      D scores nor Rorschach DEPI scores were found to be significantly related to
      patients' diagnoses. Results were interpreted in terms of prior findings in adult
      psychiatric populations and in relation to implications for the clinical
      assessment of adolescents.

PMID- 3404391
TI  - Personality trait characteristics in relation to neuropsychological dysfunction
      in schizophrenia and depression.
AB  - Knowledge of the personality trait and psychopathology variables that
      differentiate neuropsychologically impaired and nonimpaired psychiatric patients
      has been limited relative to the study of higher cortical functions. This study
      reports findings from the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI) developed
      by Millon (1982) in a sample of hospitalized schizophrenics and depressives who
      also received the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery. The principal
      findings indicate that neuropsychological dysfunction may be related to substance
      abuse, including its underlying personality dimensions, in schizophrenia, but
      only modest support is indicated for the construct of negative symptoms in
      schizophrenics with neuropsychological dysfunction. Further, the findings do not
      support the view that psychosis is a characteristic feature of depressives with
      impaired neuropsychological performance.

PMID- 3404392
TI  - Relationships between dimensions of depressive experience and perceptions of the
      lives of people in general.
AB  - This study examines relationships between depression and perceptions of the lives
      of people in general. One hundred fourteen college students completed the Center
      for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (Radloff, 1977), the Depressive
      Experiences Questionnaire (Blatt, D'Afflitti, & Quinlan, 1976), and two
      instruments that asked subjects to make judgments about the frequency of various
      positive and negative outcomes in other people's lives. Highly Dependent and
      highly Self-Critical women perceived people's lives as characterized by much
      misfortune, failure, and unhappiness. Unexpectedly, Efficacy scores, which are
      negatively related to depression, were also associated with negative perceptions
      of people's lives in women. Among the men, overall depression was not related to
      perceptions of how frequently people succeed at specific, concrete life tasks,
      but depressed subjects perceived others as experiencing a low level of subjective
      well-being. Implications for the notion of a depressive negative bias toward the
      self are discussed.

PMID- 3404393
TI  - The detection of malingering in criminal forensic groups: MMPI validity scales.
AB  - Despite the value of the MMPI to the forensic assessment of malingering
      (exaggeration) of psychopathology, few studies have assessed the accuracy of the
      MMPI validity scales in criminal forensic populations. We administered the MMPI
      to 35 insanity defendants undergoing evaluation for fitness to stand trial and/or
      sanity at the time of the crime, who stood to benefit from being assessed as
      psychologically disturbed, and 39 subjects previously found not guilty by reason
      of insanity (NGRI), who did not stand to gain from such an assessment, Insanity
      defendants showed significantly more malingering than NGRI subjects, p less than
      .05. Racial differences did not affect the data. These findings support the
      efficacy of MMPI validity scales in assessing malingering within criminal
      forensic groups, and support the generalizability of the scales across race.

PMID- 3404394
TI  - An examination of the factor structure and convergent and discriminant validity
      of the SCL-90R in an outpatient clinic population.
AB  - This study investigated the factor structure of the SCL-90R using an outpatient
      psychology clinic population. Six relatively homogeneous and stable factors were
      identified: Depression, Somatization, Anger-Hostility, Paranoid-Psychoticism,
      Phobic Anxiety, and Obsessive-Compulsive. However, a principal component analysis
      revealed that the first factor accounted for a large percentage of the variance,
      suggesting that this instrument measures a general dimension of psychopathology.
      In addition, significant correlations between the SCL-90R symptom dimensions and
      both the BDI and several MMPI scales were found. The results of the study lead to
      questions regarding the utility of the SCL-90R.

PMID- 3404395
TI  - Hormonal modulation of pineal-mediated seasonal events: effects of thyroid or
      gonadal manipulations.
AB  - The ability of various manipulations of the endocrine system to affect pineal
      mediated events was examined in the present studies. Male Syrian hamsters were
      analyzed for pineal-induced gonadal regression and depressions in serum thyroxine
      and testosterone levels after treatments which altered thyroid or gonadal
      function. Hamsters were thyroidectomized, received thyroxine implants (5 mg), or
      were thyroidectomized plus implanted with thyroxine. The animals were exposed to
      short photoperiods (10L:14D) for 9 wk, and plasma hormone levels and gonadal
      status were determined at the end of the experimental period. Likewise, hamsters
      were castrated, received testosterone implants (5 mg), or were castrated plus
      implanted with testosterone, and subsequently were exposed to short photoperiods
      for 9 wk. These animals' responses to photoperiod exposure were compared to
      animals which received identical hormonal treatments but remained in long
      photoperiod (14L:10D). All of the hamsters responded to the photoperiodic
      treatments equally, regardless of the hormonal treatment. The results of these
      studies indicate that experimentally induced alterations in plasma thyroxine or
      testosterone levels are unable to prevent or attenuate the ability of the pineal
      to elicit gonadal regression in response to short photoperiod exposure.

PMID- 3404396
TI  - Suppression of melatonin secretion in Ile-de-France rams by different light
      intensities.
AB  - The intensity of cool, white, fluorescent light required to suppress melatonin
      secretion in Ile-de-France rams was investigated. Animals were conditioned to
      12L:12D, lights on 0600 hours, 104 microW/cm2 (350 lux) at eye level and
      subjected to a 1-hour light pulse beginning 3 hours after lights off. Plasma
      melatonin measurements indicated that secretion was significantly suppressed by
      0.30, 7.46, and 26.32 microW/cm2 (1.02, 25.10, and 88.60 lux, respectively) but
      not by 0.043 microW/cm2 (0.15 lux). A clear dose-response relationship was
      apparent between light intensity and degree of melatonin suppression.

PMID- 3404397
TI  - Plasma melatonin levels in patients suffering from colorectal carcinoma.
AB  - Plasma melatonin was determined in samples of patients with colorectal carcinoma
      and in controls using an iodinated radioimmunoassay. Both groups showed large
      individual variability in absolute melatonin levels. However, during the night,
      melatonin concentration in cancer patients was significantly lower than in
      controls.

PMID- 3404398
TI  - Secretory patterns of pineal melatonin in the rat.
AB  - The release patterns of pineal melatonin were studied by continuously monitoring
      melatonin levels in the confluens sinuum plasma in sighted and bilaterally
      enucleated rats in the light and dark periods. Plasma melatonin was determined by
      radioimmunoassay, and the data were analyzed by a computerized algorithm
      developed in our laboratory. Pulsations of melatonin levels were found in the
      confluens sinuum plasma in all the animals studied, suggesting episodic secretion
      of pineal melatonin in rats. Because the minimum melatonin levels in the
      confluens sinuum were over three times the melatonin levels in the general
      circulation, it is postulated that 1) there is an episodic release pattern of
      pineal melatonin superimposed on a basal release pattern and 2) there are two
      pools of melatonin in the pineal gland, a readily releasible pool responsible for
      the basal release and a bound pool responsible for the pulsatile release. In the
      sighted rats, there was no diurnal difference in mean melatonin concentration,
      mean pulse amplitude, mean pulse rate, mean minimum melatonin level, and mean
      maximum melatonin level in the confluens sinuum. In the bilaterally enucleated
      rats, with the exception of the mean pulse amplitude, diurnal rhythms were
      demonstrated in all the other parameters studied with, higher values in the dark
      period. This experimental model should be employed in future investigations on
      the regulation of secretory patterns of pineal melatonin. Results of these
      studies may provide important insight into the regulation of pulsatile release of
      neuroendocrine secretions in general.

PMID- 3404399
TI  - Effects of photoperiod or exogenous melatonin administration on the activity of N
      acetyltransferase and hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase and the melatonin content
      of the harderian gland of two strains of female Syrian hamsters.
AB  - The activities of N-acetyltransferase (NAT) and hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase
      (HIOMT) and the melatonin concentration of the Harderian glands of two strains of
      Syrian hamster females (outbred and inbred LSH/SsLak) exposed to two different
      photoperiods (14:10 h and 8:16 h) were studied. The Harderian glands of the
      inbred hamsters showed greater NAT activity than those of the outbred animals. On
      the other hand, the glands of the outbred hamsters exhibited higher HIOMT
      activity and melatonin content than those of the inbred LSH/SsLak. Short
      photoperiod exposure, which produced gonadal regression in the inbred but not in
      the outbred hamsters, decreased the NAT activity in the inbred animals to the
      levels of the outbred. HIOMT activity was not affected by the lighting
      conditions. After the exposure to short days, the melatonin content of the inbred
      hamster Harderian glands increased to that in the outbred animals. Daily
      melatonin injections, which caused gonadal regression in the LSH/SsLak but not in
      the outbred hamsters, did not stimulate the effect of the short photoperiod on
      the Harderian gland NAT activity and melatonin content of the inbred hamsters.

PMID- 3404400
TI  - Elevated environmental temperature alters the responses of the reproductive and
      thyroid axes of female Syrian hamsters to afternoon melatonin injections.
AB  - Female Syrian hamsters were kept in a light (14:10 h light:dark cycle, lights on
      0600 h)- and temperature (22 or 30 degrees C)-controlled room; some groups were
      treated with an afternoon s.c. injection of melatonin (6.25, 12.5, or 25
      micrograms/day) for 11 or 14 weeks. The melatonin-induced suppression of the
      reproductive system in hamsters maintained at 22 degrees C (as measured by
      vaginal cycles, uterine weights, ovarian histology, and plasma and pituitary
      prolactin levels) was delayed if hamsters were kept at 30 degrees C. The dose
      related depression of thyroxine (T4) after melatonin injections for 14 weeks in
      22 degrees C was not seen at 30 degrees C. Rather, the depression of plasma T4
      and triiodothyronine (T3) seen at the end of 11 or 14 weeks of exposure to 30
      degrees C without melatonin injections (vs. control levels at 22 degrees C) was
      offset by melatonin injections, raising T4 and T3 particularly at the lower
      doses. In contrast, there was no consistent effect of higher temperature alone on
      reproductive variables. The interactive effects of temperature and melatonin on
      the reproductive and thyroidal systems in female hamsters are apparently complex
      and probably provide a fine-tuning mechanism for the environmental control of
      endocrine physiology.

PMID- 3404401
TI  - Influence of dexamethasone on nocturnal melatonin production in healthy adult
      subjects.
AB  - There is no conclusive evidence supporting an interaction between the pineal
      gland and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. In this study, 11 healthy
      adults (six women, five men; aged 18-47 years) received a placebo the first night
      and 1 mg dexamethasone the next night at either 1800 or 2300 h. Administration of
      1 mg of dexamethasone was followed by an attenuation of the nocturnal production
      of melatonin in 9 of 11 subjects. A significant reduction was found between
      melatonin plasma levels before and after dexamethasone at 0400 h (P less than
      0.01, t test for dependent groups). It is suggested that dexamethasone affects
      nocturnal production of melatonin by means of mechanisms within the pineal gland.

PMID- 3404403
TI  - [Studies on as-triazine derivatives. XI. Syntheses of 5-aryl-1,2,4-triazine
      derivatives and their antifungal activities].

PMID- 3404402
TI  - [Studies on inhibition mechanism of autoxidation by tannins and flavonoids. II.
      Inhibition mechanism of caffeetannins isolated from leaves of Artemisia species
      on lipoxygenase dependent lipid peroxidation].

PMID- 3404405
TI  - [Studies on the toxic components of Rhodophyllus rhodopolius. II. Partial
      purification and properties of the hemolysin from Rhodophyllus rhodopolius:
      examination on the condition of the hemolysis].

PMID- 3404404
TI  - [Effect of dimethyl beta-cyclodextrin on oral or rectal absorption of 1
      hexylcarbamoyl-5-fluorouracil (HCFU)].

PMID- 3404406
TI  - [Determination of flunarizine in serum by high performance liquid chromatography
      and its clinical application].

PMID- 3404407
TI  - [A new method for the local irritation test in oral mucosa].

PMID- 3404408
TI  - [Preparation of 125I-labeled D- and L-p-iodophenylglycines and their tumor
      accumulation].

PMID- 3404409
TI  - Sutter lesser toe implant.

PMID- 3404410
TI  - Surgical repair of hallux varus.

PMID- 3404412
TI  - Radiographic evaluation of the distal articular set angle.

PMID- 3404411
TI  - The Biplane Goniometer. A new device for measurement of ankle dorsiflexion.

PMID- 3404413
TI  - Tenosynovial fibroma. A case report.

PMID- 3404414
TI  - Prednisone therapy and ulcer healing.

PMID- 3404415
TI  - Fractured interphalangeal bone screw. A case report.

PMID- 3404416
TI  - Is residency training andragogy or pedogogy?

PMID- 3404417
TI  - Anterior axial projection of the foot.

PMID- 3404418
TI  - Unremarkable subcutaneous mass--is it a ganglion?

PMID- 3404420
TI  - Posterior capsule fibrosis and intraocular lens design.
AB  - Four different posterior chamber lens designs were used in 1,845 consecutive,
      unselected extracapsular cataract extractions performed over a 31-month period in
      Vejle, Denmark. Ninety-seven eyes (5.3%) required a posterior capsulotomy during
      a postoperative observation period ranging from two to 32 months. At 16 months
      postoperatively, the cumulative capsulotomy rate was 7.1% with plano-convex
      anterior lenses, but only 1.7% with meniscus lenses and 1.8% with continuous
      ridged lenses. These results suggest that close contact between the posterior
      capsule and the optic could induce early posterior capsule opacification.

PMID- 3404419
TI  - Analysis of the need for secondary capsulotomy during a five-year follow-up.
AB  - From 783 consecutive extracapsular cataract extractions with intact posterior
      capsules at the close of surgery, 655 eyes were available for examination three
      years after surgery and 447 eyes were available five years after surgery. By five
      years postoperatively, the need for secondary capsulotomy was 49% of 67 eyes that
      had not received an implant, 23% of 159 eyes that had received a Binkhorst
      iridocapsular lens, and 13% of 221 eyes that had received a posterior chamber
      lens. Among posterior chamber lenses, the surface area of the implant was
      considered to be a more important factor in inhibiting capsule opacification than
      posterior vaulting of the lens. Posterior vaulting was associated with a lower
      incidence of epithelialization but a higher incidence of capsular fibrosis. A
      small subgroup of 19 glaucoma triple procedures examined at three years showed a
      significantly higher incidence of capsulotomy (21.0%) than the other 369
      posterior chamber lens implantations examined at three years (6.8%).

PMID- 3404421
TI  - Four and one-half year study of the relationship between one-piece encircling
      loop polymethylmethacrylate lenses and retinal detachment.
AB  - Prospective studies in this series of 2,802 patients have shown that the
      incidence of retinal detachment is significantly reduced with an intact posterior
      capsule. Furthermore, if a capsulotomy has to be performed, the data from this
      series suggest that it is preferable not to open the capsule at the time of
      surgery but at a later time, when the IOL optic has fixed to the posterior
      capsule. A subsequent YAG capsulotomy will not disrupt this apposition and will
      not alter the barrier protection of aqueous movement to the vitreous. This effect
      can be achieved with a continuous ridge on the posterior surface of the lens or,
      alternatively, with a convex posterior IOL surface.

PMID- 3404422
TI  - Polycarbonate intraocular lenses.
AB  - Bisphenol-A polycarbonate has been investigated as an improved polymer for ocular
      implants, especially for intraocular lenses (IOLs). Polycarbonate properties
      afford special opportunities for development of tougher, stronger, one-piece
      IOLs. Autoclave or gamma sterilizability and a higher refractive index may
      provide additional IOL advantages over polymethylmethacrylate. Implant studies in
      rabbits have shown polycarbonate IOLs to be well tolerated in the anterior
      chamber for 2.5 years. Polycarbonate appears promising for new IOLs and other
      ocular implant applications.

PMID- 3404423
TI  - Light scattering caused by cells on the intraocular lens.
AB  - The anterior surface of a posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) was covered
      with cultured rat lens epithelial cells and light scattering was measured
      densitophotometrically. The light scattering intensity was maximum at a 30-degree
      scattering angle and was proportional to the number of cells per area on the IOL.
      Results suggests that the adhesion of lens epithelial cells on the IOL may
      influence its optical function.

PMID- 3404424
TI  - Intraocular lens implantation and high myopia.
AB  - We evaluated aphakia and pseudophakia in highly myopic patients whose axial
      lengths were 27 mm and over. Cataract surgery alone was performed on 99 eyes
      (aphakic group) and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation was performed on 84 eyes
      (pseudophakic group). The IOL power was determined by the SRK formula and ranged
      from +9.0 to +18.5 diopters (D). There was no statistical difference in
      postoperative complications between the aphakic and pseudophakic groups. The
      postoperative aphakic refractions ranged from +9.5 D to -3.5 D, and the
      pseudophakic refractions, from +2.5 D to -14.0 D. A visual acuity of 20/40 or
      better was achieved by 51% of aphakic patients and 63% of pseudophakic patients.
      A near visual acuity of 20/40 or better was achieved by 65% of pseudophakic
      patients. Seventy-three pseudophakic eyes (87%) were not corrected or were
      corrected with minus diopter lenses. This confirmed our opinion that there was no
      need to correct them for near vision. According to a postoperative questionnaire,
      67% of the pseudophakic patients did not need spectacles for near vision and 93%
      of patients could see comfortably for daily life. In view of these results, we
      feel that most myopic patients are good candidates for IOL implantation.

PMID- 3404426
TI  - Calculating axial length in the aphakic and the pseudophakic eye.
AB  - The axial length of 149 eyes (84 pseudophakic and 65 aphakic) was calculated by
      refractive means and compared with the axial length determined by ultrasound. The
      mean error (+/- SD) between the measured and the calculated axial length
      (measured minus calculated) was 0.02 mm (+/- 0.51) and 0.13 mm (+/- 0.54) for the
      aphakic and the pseudophakic eyes, respectively. The mean error was not
      significantly different from zero (P greater than .05). Calculation of the axial
      length may represent a valuable alternative to biometry for the aphakic and the
      pseudophakic eye.

PMID- 3404425
TI  - Extracapsular cataract extraction and implantation of a low power lens for high
      myopia.
AB  - A comparative study of two groups of patients with cataracts and high myopia was
      made. The percentage of patients with a visual acuity equal to or better than
      20/40 (P less than .01) and normocorrections +/- 1 diopter (P less than .01) was
      significantly greater in the group with extracapsular cataract extraction and
      intraocular lens implantation.

PMID- 3404427
TI  - Ocular pneumoplethysmography after lens implantation.
AB  - A series of letters in this journal discussed the safety of ocular
      pneumoplethysmography (OPG-Gee) in pseudophakic patients. In the interval since
      these letters, experience with OPG-Gee tests performed on 115 pseudophakic eyes
      demonstrated no ocular morbidity associated with these procedures.

PMID- 3404428
TI  - Pigment dispersion syndrome associated with silicone posterior chamber
      intraocular lenses.
AB  - Two patients who received sulcus-implanted silicone intraocular lenses
      experienced iris pigment dispersion and intraocular pressure elevation after
      uneventful phacoemulsification and small incision implantation.

PMID- 3404429
TI  - The value of a zero power intraocular lens.
AB  - An intraocular lens with a reversed optic and with haptics angulated forward
      presses the posterior capsule more posteriorly than other types of lenses. This
      position is thought to be important even in eyes that do not need intraocular
      lenses for optical reasons, such as eyes with high axial myopia (because of their
      increased tendency to postoperative retinal detachment) and eyes with
      postoperative capsular fibrosis. "Zero lenses" were implanted in seven eyes. The
      lenses had a convex posterior surface and a concave anterior surface which were
      parallel. The position of the posterior capsule, measured with ultrasound, was
      4.9 mm to 5.8 mm (mean 5.5 mm) behind the anterior corneal surface. In two fellow
      eyes without a lens (after planned extracapsular cataract extraction), the
      posterior capsule was 4.1 mm and 4.3 mm behind the anterior corneal surface.

PMID- 3404430
TI  - Peribulbar anesthesia for ophthalmic procedures.
AB  - A modified version of peribulbar anesthesia is described. An analysis of 230
      consecutive ophthalmic procedures including cataract surgery, penetrating
      keratoplasty, and scleral buckling demonstrates the safety and effectiveness of
      this modified peribulbar anesthesia technique.

PMID- 3404431
TI  - Iris and intraocular lens manipulator for use with small pupils and intraocular
      lenses without positioning holes.

PMID- 3404432
TI  - What is your preferred method, configuration, and instrumentation for anterior
      capsulotomy?

PMID- 3404433
TI  - Intraocular lens power calculation.

PMID- 3404434
TI  - Personal correction of a phacoemulsification machine problem.

PMID- 3404436
TI  - Experience with a short diameter lens.

PMID- 3404435
TI  - Safe and effective intraocular lenses.

PMID- 3404437
TI  - Magnetostrictive versus piezoelectric handpieces.

PMID- 3404438
TI  - Prediction of anterior corneal curvature following extracapsular cataract
      extraction.

PMID- 3404439
TI  - Successful phacoemulsification can be safely performed in nonagenarians.

PMID- 3404441
TI  - Systemic and coronary hemodynamic actions of the novel inotropic agent,
      ibopamine, and the de-esterified metabolite and active form, epinine:
      relationship to left ventricular performance in the dog.
AB  - The relationship between the systemic hemodynamic, inotropic and coronary blood
      flow actions of the novel inotropic pro-drug, ibopamine, which is the 3,4
      diisobutyryl ester derivative of the active form, epinine, was examined in
      pentobarbital-anesthetized, vagotomized dogs prepared for the recording of
      systemic arterial blood pressure, heart rate, left ventricular developed pressure
      and end-diastolic pressure, left ventricular dP/dt, aortic blood flow, left
      circumflex coronary artery blood flow and lead II ECG. All animals were given
      i.v. infusions of vehicle followed by 10 min infusions of either epinine (1.1,
      3.3, 10 and 30 micrograms/kg/min, n = 4) or ibopamine (3.3, 10, 30 and 100
      micrograms/kg/min, n = 4). Both epinine and ibopamine produced dose-dependent
      increases in mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate, left ventricular developed
      pressure, left ventricular dP/dt, aortic blood flow, coronary blood flow, left
      ventricular minute work, stroke work, total peripheral vascular resistance and
      rate-pressure product. Both epinine and ibopamine decreased coronary vascular
      resistance, although only the decrease produced by ibopamine achieved statistical
      significance (P less than .05). Examination of the dose-response curves for
      epinine and ibopamine showed epinine to be 3- to 4-fold more potent than
      ibopamine with respect to increasing coronary blood flow, left ventricular stroke
      work, left ventricular dP/dt and rate-pressure product. However, neither drug
      increased myocardial work, myocardial oxygen consumption or contractility to a
      greater extent than the increase in coronary blood flow.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3404440
TI  - Electrophysiologic, inotropic and antiarrhythmic effects of propafenone, 5
      hydroxypropafenone and N-depropylpropafenone.
AB  - We compared the electrophysiologic, inotropic and antiarrhythmic properties of
      propafenone and two metabolites, 5-hydroxy (5-OH) propafenone and N-depropyl (N
      DP) propafenone. In 18 canine Purkinje fibers with normal maximum diastolic
      potentials, all drugs (1 x 10(-8) to 1 x 10(-5) M) reduced action potential
      amplitude and duration. However, propafenone and 5-OH propafenone reduced Vmax in
      a use-dependent fashion at a lower concentration than N-DP propafenone. In 16
      Purkinje fibers, slow response action potentials were induced by 22 mM K+ and
      isoproterenol, 1 x 10(-6) M. Vmax was comparably reduced by all compounds at 1 x
      10(-5) M, but action potential amplitude was not affected by 5-OH propafenone. In
      16 other Purkinje fibers in which automaticity at low levels of membrane
      potential was induced by BaCl2 (0.25 mM), only 5-OH propafenone was effective in
      slowing the automatic rate at therapeutic concentrations (3 micrograms/ml). In 15
      guinea pig papillary muscles, all three drugs had negative inotropic effects at
      concentrations greater than or equal to 1 x 10(-6) M. In conscious dogs with
      sustained ventricular tachycardia 24 hr after infarction, we injected propafenone
      or a metabolite through an atrial cannula. At similar plasma levels, neither
      propafenone (n = 6) nor N-DP propafenone (n = 6) suppressed the arrhythmia,
      whereas 5-OH propafenone eliminated ventricular tachycardia in four of six dogs,
      and was more effective against monomorphic than polymorphic ventricular
      tachycardia. Hence, the two major metabolites of propafenone have important
      electrophysiologic effects, and 5-OH propafenone is more potent than the parent
      compound as a antiarrhythmic drug in the 24-hr Harris dog.

PMID- 3404443
TI  - Neuropeptide Y stimulates renal prostaglandin synthesis in the isolated rat
      kidney: contribution of Ca++ and calmodulin.
AB  - We have investigated the effects of neuropeptide Y (NPY) on vascular tone and
      renal output of prostaglandins (PGs) and the mechanism underlying these actions
      by examining the effects of Ca++ depletion, Ca++ channel blockers and calmodulin
      inhibitors in the isolated Tyrode's perfused rat kidney. Administration of NPY
      (0.23-2.3 nmol) into the kidney produced a dose-related renal vasoconstriction
      and an increase in the output of PGE2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, the stable
      hydrolysis product of PGI2. Omission of Ca++ (1.8 mM) or addition of Ca++ channel
      blockers, diltiazem (60 microM) or nifedipine (1.4 microM), to the perfusion
      fluid abolished the effects of NPY to promote renal vasoconstriction and PG
      synthesis. Infusion of calmodulin inhibitors, trifluoperazine (2 microM), W-7 [N
      (6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalene sulfonamide] (20 microM) or calmidazolium
      (0.2 microM), attenuated the renal vasoconstriction and the increase in PG output
      produced by NPY (0.7 nmol). In kidneys perfused with normal Tyrode's solution,
      infusion of NPY, in a concentration (1.7 X 10(-8) M) that produced only a small
      transient increase in renal vascular tone and failed to alter the renal output of
      PGs, enhanced the rise in PGE2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha elicited by norepinephrine
      (0.25 nmol) but not by arginine vasopressin (0.004 nmol) or angiotensin II (0.09
      nmol). The renal vasoconstriction elicited by norepinephrine and arginine
      vasopressin as well as by angiotensin II was enhanced by NPY.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3404442
TI  - Characterization of halothane oxidation by hepatic microsomes and purified
      cytochromes P-450 using a gas chromatographic mass spectrometric assay.
AB  - A sensitive assay for trifluoroacetic acid, the major product of the oxidative
      metabolism of halothane, has been developed to study the biotransformation of
      halothane. A selected ion monitoring gas chromatographic mass spectrometric assay
      measured trifluoroacetic acid levels as low as 1 microM in 100 microliter of
      reaction mixture. This assay was used to quantitate halothane metabolism in human
      and rabbit microsomal systems and with purified proteins. Trifluoroacetic acid
      production was examined as a function of the concentration of substrate present,
      the amount of microsomal protein used and the length of reaction time. Halothane
      metabolism in microsomes was linear for at least 30 min, and up to a microsomal
      protein concentration of 1 mg/ml. In rabbits, phenobarbital and imidazole induced
      the microsomal metabolism of halothane 7.36- and 18.2-fold, respectively.
      Imidazole was used because it is a potent inducer of cytochrome P-450 isozyme 3a
      which is also induced by ethanol. The cytochrome P-450 in microsomes from a
      single human subject metabolized halothane at a rate comparable to that found in
      microsomes from phenobarbital- and imidazole-pretreated rabbits. The purified
      phenobarbital and imidazole inducible cytochromes P-450, isozymes 2 and 3a,
      catalyzed the oxidation of halothane to trifluoroacetic acid. Cytochrome b5
      stimulated the isozyme 3a-catalyzed oxidation of halothane by 19-fold, whereas
      isozyme 2 catalyzed oxidation was increased 4.3-fold. Antibodies to cytochrome P
      450 3a inhibited halothane metabolism by 90% in microsomes from imidazole
      pretreated rabbits, suggesting that isozyme 3a catalyzes halothane metabolism in
      imidazole-pretreated rabbits. In conclusion, the oxidation of halothane to
      trifluoroacetic acid by cytochrome P-450 isozymes 3a and 2 is enhanced markedly
      by cytochrome b5.

PMID- 3404444
TI  - Pyrethroid insecticides evoke neurotransmitter release from rabbit striatal
      slices.
AB  - The effects of the synthetic pyrethroid insecticide fenvalerate ([R,S]-alpha
      cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl[R,S]-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3- methylbutyrate) on
      neurotransmitter release in rabbit brain slices were investigated. Fenvalerate
      evoked a calcium-dependent release of [3H]dopamine and [3H]acetylcholine from
      rabbit striatal slices that was concentration-dependent and specific for the
      toxic stereoisomer of the insecticide. The release of [3H]dopamine and
      [3H]acetylcholine by fenvalerate was modulated by D2 dopamine receptor activation
      and antagonized completely by the sodium channel blocker, tetrodotoxin. These
      findings are consistent with an action of fenvalerate on the voltage-dependent
      sodium channels of the presynaptic membrane resulting in membrane depolarization,
      and the release of dopamine and acetylcholine by a calcium-dependent exocytotic
      process. In contrast to results obtained in striatal slices, fenvalerate did not
      elicit the release of [3H]norepinephrine or [3H]acetylcholine from rabbit
      hippocampal slices indicative of regional differences in sensitivity to type II
      pyrethroid actions.

PMID- 3404446
TI  - Reversal of inhibition of prolactin secretion in cultured pituitary cells by
      muscarinic antagonists.
AB  - We investigated whether the inhibition of prolactin secretion from pituitary
      cells by carbachol, a cholinergic agonist resistant to hydrolysis by
      cholinesterases, would be a useful bioassay to explore an important nonneuronal
      action of antimuscarinic agents. Carbachol inhibited prolactin secretion from
      cultured rat anterior pituitary cells in a dose-dependent manner with a mean IC50
      of 1.5 +/- 0.6 (S.E.) microM and maximal inhibition at 10(-5) M. Prolactin levels
      in media were significantly reduced by 30 min of incubation with carbachol. This
      inhibition persisted for 24 hr and was reversed by 2 microM atropine. The
      stimulation of prolactin secretion by 10(-6) M thyrotropin releasing hormone (to
      1.5 times control) was inhibited by the addition of carbachol (10(-5) M).
      Addition of atropine (2 microM) to these agents restored maximal stimulation by
      thyrotropin releasing hormone. The inhibition of carbachol by atropine was
      competitive, whereas the inhibition of thyrotropin releasing hormone by carbachol
      was noncompetitive. The apparent affinities (Ki) of several antimuscarinic agents
      in pituitary cells were determined by their ability to reverse the carbachol
      inhibition of prolactin secretion: atropine 0.14 nM, scopolamine 0.26 nM,
      azaprophen 0.3 nM, aprophen 3.0 nM, pirenzepine 42 nM, benactyzine 80 nM and
      adiphenine 198 nM. These potencies correlated positively with those previously
      determined for inhibition of alpha amylase secretion from pancreatic acinar cells
      as well as with those for behavioral depressant actions of the antimuscarinics.
      Cultured anterior pituitary cells thus provide an effective system for testing
      the relative potencies of muscarinic antagonists in pituitary cells.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3404447
TI  - Protective action of SCH 12223 against experimentally induced gastric and
      intestinal lesions.
AB  - The gastrointestinal protective action of SCH 12223 [3-(n-butyl)-4-hydroxy-1
      phenyl-1,8-naphthyridin-2(1H)-one hydrate, sodium salt] against various noxious
      stimuli was characterized in rats. SCH 12223 inhibited the ethanol-induced
      gastric lesions when given p.o. (0.3-3 mg/kg) or i.v. (1 and 3 mg/kg).
      Indomethacin pretreatment (10 mg/kg p.o.) did not interfere with this effect. SCH
      12223 was also active p.o. in five gastric erosion models: aspirin (1-10 mg/kg),
      aspirin + acid (1-30 mg/kg), indomethacin (1-10 mg/kg), stress (1 and 3 mg/kg)
      and reserpine (0.3-10 mg/kg)-induced erosions. The compound lacked antisecretory
      activity in the pylorus-ligated rats (10 mg/kg p.o.) but increased total gastric
      mucus (N-acetylneuraminic acid measurements) (1-10 mg/kg p.o.). SCH 12223 (10 and
      30 mg/kg p.o.) attenuated intestinal lesions provoked by indomethacin (20 mg/kg
      p.o. or s.c.) and the protected animals showed better weight gain and food intake
      than controls. In a 38-day study, SCH 12223 also improved survival from
      indomethacin lethality (6 of 16 vs. 16 of 16 in the control, P less than .05).
      The protection cannot be attributed to changes in biliary excretion and plasma
      levels of indomethacin. We conclude that SCH 12223 is a unique agent which
      protects both gastric and intestinal epithelia from noxious stimuli, a feature
      shared by prostaglandins.

PMID- 3404445
TI  - C1 area of the rostral ventrolateral medulla as a site for the central
      hypotensive action of propranolol.
AB  - Previous studies suggest that the hypotensive response to centrally administered
      propranolol results from a drug-induced release of norepinephrine which then
      stimulates central alpha adrenergic receptors and, as a consequence, arterial
      pressure is lowered. Inasmuch as the C1 area of the rostral ventrolateral medulla
      is known to contain noradrenergic nerve terminals and participate in arterial
      pressure regulation, we determined whether this medullary region is a site
      mediating the hypotensive response to centrally administered propranolol.
      Bilateral microinjections (0.1 microliter) of dl-propranolol (0.25-2 nmol) into
      the C1 area of urethane-anesthetized rats resulted in a gradual reduction in mean
      arterial pressure which was sustained throughout the 120-min experimental period.
      The injection site was verified pharmacologically at the end of each experiment
      by bilateral microinjection of 10 nmol of tyramine and observing a further
      decrease in mean arterial pressure and a reduction in heart rate. Pretreatment of
      the C1 area bilaterally with reserpine 24 hr earlier significantly reduced the
      hypotensive responses to microinjections of both propranolol and tyramine whereas
      the hypotensive response to the direct acting agonist clonidine was unchanged.
      These results demonstrate that the C1 area of the rostral ventrolateral medulla
      is a site for a central hypotensive action of propranolol. Moreover, the data
      provide further evidence that the hypotensive action of centrally administered
      propranolol results from a drug-induced release of norepinephrine from central
      noradrenergic neurons.

PMID- 3404448
TI  - Inhibition of tracheal smooth muscle contraction and myosin phosphorylation by
      ryanodine.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that muscarinic activation of airway smooth muscle in
      low Ca++ solutions increases myosin phosphorylation without increasing tension.
      Blocking Ca++ influx reduced phosphorylation, but not to basal levels. It was
      proposed that release of intracellular Ca++ contributed to dissociation of
      phosphorylation and contraction. To test this hypothesis the effects of ryanodine
      were studied under similar conditions. Ryanodine (10(-7) to 10(-5) M) antagonized
      caffeine-induced contraction of canine tracheal smooth muscle. Ryanodine also
      reduced carbachol-induced contractions and carbachol-induced myosin
      phosphorylation. The effect of ryanodine on potassium and serotonin-induced
      contractions was also investigated to test for a nonspecific inhibitory effect.
      In contrast to the effect on carbachol responses, ryanodine (10(-5) M)
      potentiated the contractile response to low concentrations of serotonin and
      potassium, but had no effect on the maximum response to either stimulant.
      Carbachol (10(-6) M) and ryanodine (10(-5) M) both significantly decreased 45Ca++
      content of tracheal muscle. The effect of ryanodine and carbachol together on
      45Ca++ content was not greater than either drug alone suggesting that ryanodine
      reduces the caffeine and carbachol responses by depleting releaseable Ca++
      stores. Ryanodine significantly reduced Ca++-induced contraction and myosin
      phosphorylation in carbachol-stimulated muscle, suggesting that some of the Ca++
      responsible for elevated phosphorylation is released from the sarcoplasmic
      reticulum.

PMID- 3404449
TI  - Discriminative-stimulus effects of adenosine analogs: mediation by adenosine A2
      receptors.
AB  - Squirrel monkeys were trained to discriminate either the nonselective adenosine
      analog 5'-N-ethylcarboxamide adenosine (NECA) or the A1-selective analog N6
      cyclopentyladenosine (CPA) from saline. After i.v. injections of 0.03 mumol/kg of
      NECA or 1.0 mumol/kg of CPA, 10 consecutive responses on one lever produced food,
      whereas after i.v. injections of saline, 10 consecutive responses on the
      alternate lever produced food. The discriminative-stimulus effects of the
      adenosine analogs NECA, CPA, 2-chloroadenosine and the R- and S-isomers of N6
      phenylisopropyladenosine (PIA), of the adenosine antagonists caffeine and 8
      cyclopentyltheophylline (CPT), and of selected drugs from other classes
      (haloperidol, pentobarbital, diazepam and morphine) were determined by
      administering cumulative doses i.v. before sequential components of the
      experimental session. All adenosine analogs engendered dose-related increases in
      the percentage of responses on the NECA- or CPA-associated levers reaching a
      maximum of greater than or equal to 90%. The rank order of potency was similar in
      both NECA-trained and CPA-trained monkeys: NECA greater than 2-chloroadenosine
      greater than or equal to CPA greater than or equal to R-PIA greater than S-PIA.
      None of the other drugs had discriminative-stimulus effects comparable to those
      of the adenosine analogs. In additional studies, the nonselective adenosine
      antagonist caffeine or the A1-selective antagonist CPT were administered before
      cumulative doses of NECA or CPA. Both adenosine antagonists blocked the
      discriminative-stimulus effects of NECA and CPA, with CPT being about one order
      of magnitude more potent than caffeine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3404450
TI  - Cigarette brand-switching: effects on smoke exposure and smoking behavior.
AB  - This study examined the effects of cigarette yield (Federal Trade Commission
      determined deliveries of nicotine, tar and CO) on both biological exposure to
      smoke constituents and smoking behaviors. Smokers (N = 10) of high-yield
      cigarettes were switched in random order among five different commercially
      available cigarette brands with nicotine yields of 0.1, 0.4, 0.7, 1.1 (altered
      brand) and 1.0 (usual brand) mg and smoked each cigarette type for 5 days while a
      wide variety of assessments were performed. Steady-state cotinine and CO levels
      were substantially lower after 5 days of smoking ultra-low yield cigarettes
      (cotinine, 152 ng/ml; CO, 25 ppm) than when smoking usual-brand high-yield
      cigarettes (cotinine, 252 ng/ml; CO, 38 ppm). Both CO and nicotine boost (acute
      exposure) were related to yield. However, relative between-yield differences in
      all nicotine and CO exposure measures were smaller than predicted from Federal
      Trade Commission yield ratings. Substantial yield-related alterations were
      observed in smoking behavior. Subjects smoked more cigarettes and took larger and
      more closely spaced puffs when smoking low- as compared with high-yield
      cigarettes. The amount of tobacco burned per day was similar across all yield
      conditions. However, filter vent-blocking of ultra-low yield cigarettes did not
      appear to occur on a consistent basis. Subjective reports indicated poor
      acceptability of lower-yield cigarettes. We conclude that switching to lower
      yield cigarettes brings about substantial alterations in smoking behavior which
      are at least partially responsible for the observed biological compensation
      associated with these cigarettes.

PMID- 3404451
TI  - Relaxant effect of amiloride on canine tracheal smooth muscle.
AB  - Amiloride, a K+-sparing diuretic, relaxed canine tracheal smooth muscle strips
      contracted isometrically with high potassium (KCl), carbachol, serotonin and
      histamine. This indicated that relaxation was not linked to an interaction with
      an agonist specific receptor. Amiloride-induced relaxation was also not mediated
      through the production of relaxant prostaglandins, or by the endogenous release
      of catecholamines. During potassium contractions, amiloride addition produced a
      slow monophasic, dose-dependent relaxation (IC50 = 12.3 microM). In carbachol
      contracted strips, 1 and 10 microM amiloride induced a slow monophasic
      relaxation. With 35 to 250 microM, an initial rapid phase (IC50 = 75.5 microM)
      was superimposed onto this slow phase (IC50 = 23.5 microM), producing a biphasic
      relaxation. The rates of relaxation decreased with increased external [Na+]
      regardless of stimulus, suggesting possible competitive inhibition of a sodium
      dependent process. Exposure caused a rapid decline in tension followed by a
      recovery phase. Tension maintenance during potassium contraction decreased
      transiently upon the addition of acid to a much lesser extent. Amiloride (100
      microM) depressed tension recovery after acid exposure in both cases. Based on
      the known actions of this drug, inhibition of the Na+-H+ antiporter appears to be
      consistent with these data. This suggests amiloride may well belong to a new
      class of smooth muscle relaxants.

PMID- 3404452
TI  - Effect of chronic morphine treatment on thyrotropin and prolactin levels and
      acute hormone responses in the rat.
AB  - The effects of three chronic morphine regimens on basal and cold-stimulated
      thyrotropin (TSH) and on prolactin levels were studied in male rats with and
      without acute morphine challenge. All the chronic regimens decreased basal and
      cold-stimulated TSH levels, but only one regimen (10 mg/kg b.i.d.) significantly
      enhanced the prolactin levels. The altered cold-stimulated TSH and prolactin
      levels were recovered within about 96 and 48 hr, respectively, after the last
      morphine injection on the 7-day pretreatment period. After the chronic
      administration (14 days), acute morphine challenges were performed either when
      cold-stimulated TSH secretion was suppressed (12- and 24-hr lag time) or when the
      response to cold was normalized (96-hr lag time). When the TSH levels were still
      low, the small challenge doses of morphine (10 and 15 mg/kg) no longer suppressed
      the TSH secretion. This was due neither to the real tolerance nor to the
      persistent effect of chronic morphine but to the withdrawal stress, which was
      also reflected as elevated corticosterone levels. However, after a 96-hr lag
      time, the challenge doses of morphine decreased TSH secretion after each morphine
      regimen as effectively as in the naive rats. Thus, the regimens did not induce
      the development of tolerance to the effect of morphine on cold-stimulated TSH
      secretion. Most regimens seemed to cause some tolerance to the stimulatory effect
      of morphine on prolactin secretion irrespective of the duration of the lag time.
      Even after the mildest regimen (10 mg/kg once a day), a tolerance developed to
      the antinociceptive effect of morphine, and it lasted well up to 96 hr.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3404453
TI  - Doxorubicin: mechanism of cardiodepressant actions in guinea pigs.
AB  - The clinical use of doxorubicin is frequently limited by its depressant effects
      on cardiac muscle, presumably resulting from alterations of Ca2+ movements.
      Therefore, the modification of various Ca2+ pools that contribute to cardiac
      contraction was assessed from developed tension observed in isolated atrial
      muscle preparations incubated at 31 degrees C and stimulated at 0.5 Hz.
      Doxorubicin (100 or 200 microM) caused a transient positive inotropic effect
      followed by a sustained and marked negative effect, prolonged the time to peak
      twitch tension and decreased the rate of relaxation. Potentiated posttest
      contraction was depressed to a greater extent compared with contractions observed
      at 0.5-Hz stimulation. After a 3-hr exposure to doxorubicin, effects of ryanodine
      to depress developed tension observed in preparations stimulated at 0.5 Hz were
      markedly smaller, indicating a reduced contribution of the ryanodine-sensitive
      Ca2+ pool to contractile activation. In atrial muscle preparations obtained from
      guinea pigs treated for 10 days with doxorubicin (total dose 5 mg/kg iv), similar
      results as above were observed. Moreover, a longer quiescent period was required
      to attain the maximal posttest contraction. These results indicate that an acute
      or subacute exposure to doxorubicin impairs the function of the cardiac
      sarcoplasmic reticulum.

PMID- 3404454
TI  - Effect of the calcium entry blocker NB-818 on cerebral blood flow after
      unilateral carotid occlusion in the Mongolian gerbil.
AB  - The effect of NB-818 on regional cerebral cortical blood flow (rCBF) during
      normal and ischemic periods was studied in Mongolian gerbils by means of hydrogen
      clearance methods, and that effect was compared with that of nimodipine. In
      normal animals, the rCBF increased dose-dependently, when NB-818 was tested. The
      increased rCBF showed a slow onset and long duration of action. When comparing
      the potency of increase in rCBF, the action of NB-818 (0.01-0.1 mg/kg i.p.) was
      more potent and longer lasting than that of nimodipine (0.01-0.1 mg/kg i.p.).
      Thus, the cerebral ischemia, produced by unilateral common carotid artery (CCA)
      occlusion, was studied. Before the unilateral CCA occlusion, the rCBF value was
      41.4 +/- 0.27 ml/100 g of brain per min. The rCBF after unilateral CCA occlusion
      in gerbils was divided into three types as follows: rCBF values of above 30
      ml/100 g of brain per min (type I), between 20 to 29 ml/100 g of brain per min
      (type II) and below 19 ml/100 g of brain per min (type III). In type I and II, NB
      818 (0.01-0.1 mg/kg i.p.) significantly improved the reduced rCBF after the
      occlusion, and its effects continued throughout the experiments. In type II and
      III, supratentorial brain edema was observed 4.5 hr after the occlusion. The
      brain edema was significantly inhibited by NB-818 in the type II but not in the
      type III because the increased rCBF in type III with NB-818 was slight.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3404455
TI  - Dose-related antagonism of leukotriene D4-induced bronchoconstriction by p.o.
      administration of LY-171883 in nonasthmatic subjects.
AB  - Leukotriene D4 (LTD4) has been suggested as a proinflammatory mediator in asthma.
      We have investigated the inhibitory activity of the p.o. LTD4 antagonist LY
      171883 (1-[2-hydroxy-3-propyl]-4-[4-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)butoxy]phenyl]et hanone) on
      LTD4-induced bronchoconstriction in nonasthmatic subjects, in a double-blind,
      placebo controlled, randomized, cross-over study. Twelve subjects, mean age 26.3
      +/- 1.7 years, participated. On 4 separate days, base-line measurements of forced
      expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and maximum flow at 70% of vital capacity
      below total lung capacity (Vp30) were performed, after which subjects ingested
      either 50 or 200 or 400 mg of LY-171883, and then undertook a dose-response study
      with inhaled LTD4. Measurements of FEV1 and Vp30 were made at intervals for 8 min
      after inhalation of each dose of LTD4, and increasing doses administered until
      FEV1 had fallen by greater than 20% or the maximum cumulative dose of LTD4 (88.2
      nmol) had been given. Cumulative dose-response curves were constructed on a
      logarithmic scale, and the provocation doses of LTD4 producing a 12% fall in FEV1
      (PD12 FEV1) and a 30% fall in Vp30 (PD30Vp30) after placebo determined by linear
      interpolation to be 5.5 (0.9-176.4) and 1.2 (0.1-6.2) nmol, respectively.
      Following the 50-, 200- and 400-mg doses of LY-171883, the geometric mean PD12
      FEV1 values were 7.0 (NS), 10.5 (NS) and 25.3 (P less than .01) nmol,
      respectively, whereas corresponding values for PD30Vp30 were 1.7 (NS), 2.6 (NS)
      and 6.1 (P less than .01) nmol.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3404456
TI  - Lithium clearance as an indicator of proximal tubular sodium handling during
      furosemide diuresis.
AB  - To evaluate the use of the renal Li clearance as an indicator of proximal tubular
      Na handling during furosemide diuresis, clearance experiments were performed in
      conscious catheterized rats. Maximal depression of proximal Na reabsorption was
      induced by isotonic saline expansion (40 ml/hr) and under these conditions
      furosemide (7.5 mg/kg/hr) did not increase absolute or fractional clearance of
      Li. These results provide indirect evidence against the existence of a furosemide
      sensitive Li reabsorption in the ascending limb of Henle. The increase of
      absolute and fractional Li clearance observed in nonexpanded animals given
      furosemide therefore most likely reflects inhibition of electrolyte reabsorption
      in the proximal tubules. Using Li clearance as a measure for Na output from the
      proximal tubules, the study provided information about the contribution of
      proximal and distal nephron segments to saline expansion natriuresis. The results
      indicate that the natriuresis is caused by enhanced delivery of Na from the
      proximal tubules, which is only partially compensated for by a load-dependent
      increase of absolute distal Na reabsorption, most likely occurring in the thick
      ascending limb of Henle.

PMID- 3404457
TI  - Albendazole sulfonation by rat liver cytochrome P-450c.
AB  - The metabolism of albendazole (ABZ) was studied in perfused livers from control
      and ABZ-treated rats (10.6 mg/kg, per os, each day for 10 days). In the perfusion
      fluid, the concentration of ABZ-sulfoxide (SO-ABZ) remained unchanged in treated,
      as compared to control animals, whereas ABZ-sulfone (SO2-ABZ) was increased in
      treated animals. In bile, only SO-ABZ was present. The transformation kinetics of
      SO-ABZ to SO2-ABZ in microsomes from rats treated with ABZ, 3-methylcholanthrene,
      Aroclor and isosafrole were biphasic. This suggests that enzyme activity was a
      consequence of two enzyme systems, one characterized by low affinity and high
      capacity, the other by high affinity and low capacity, the latter could be
      induced by 3-methylcholanthrene, ABZ, Aroclor and isosafrole. Cytochrome P-450c
      was induced potently in vivo by ABZ as proven by increased monooxygenase (7
      ethoxyresorufin and 7-ethoxycoumarin-O-deethylase) activities and by Elisa test
      (a 5-fold increase in hemoprotein concentration was observed). Purified and
      reconstituted cytochrome P-450c from 3-methylcholanthrene or ABZ-treated rat
      liver were able to produce SO2-ABZ (2.01 and 1.70 nmol/mg/15 min, respectively,
      whereas cytochrome P-450b produced 10 times less SO2-ABZ). Immunological assays,
      as well as activity measurements showed a relationship between cytochrome P-450c
      3-methylcholanthrene and cytochrome P-450c-ABZ. We conclude that induction of
      cytochrome P-450c by ABZ is the probable explanation for the enhanced formation
      of SO2-ABZ in vivo.

PMID- 3404458
TI  - WHR 1049, a potent metabolite of lidamidine, has antidiarrheal and antimotility
      effects on the small intestine in rats.
AB  - Lidamidine HCl has been suggested to be effective in treating certain motor
      disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. Lidamidine has alpha-2 agonist as well
      as local anesthetic properties. We studied the antimotility and antidiarrheal
      activity of WHR 1049, a hepatic metabolite of lidamidine known to have some
      activity and to persist longer in the serum than does lidamidine. We recorded the
      intestinal myoelectric activity of fasted unanesthetized rats with bipolar
      electrodes implanted on their proximal jejunum. We found that lidamidine HCl,
      given by gavage, inhibited fasting myoelectric activity in a dose-dependent
      manner (using 0.5-4.0 mg/kg). Neither saline nor tetracaine inhibited myoelectric
      activity. WHR 1049 given by gavage also inhibited myoelectric activity and was 30
      times as potent as lidamidine (milligram per milligram, using 0.0625- to 0.25
      mg/kg doses). Pretreatment with yohimbine (5 mg/kg s.c.), before administration
      of WHR 1049, decreased the myoelectric activity inhibition by two-thirds (but did
      not completely block it). Castor oil (1 ml/200 g b.wt.) was given to induce
      diarrhea and did so when given alone or with saline (vehicle) pretreatment. When
      these animals were pretreated with 0.25 mg/kg of WHR 1049, the same dose of
      castrol oil did not induce diarrhea for a 6-hr observation period. We conclude
      that WHR 1049 is a potent metabolite of lidamidine that inhibits myoelectric
      activity, has significant alpha-2 agonist activity and blocks induced diarrhea.
      Because tetracaine does not inhibit myoelectric activity we suggest that the
      local anesthetic properties of lidamidine do not account for any of the
      myoelectric activity inhibition. WHR 1049 may account for much of the
      antimotility and antidiarrheal activity of lidamidine.

PMID- 3404459
TI  - Characteristics of early- and late-recruited oxytocin bursting cells at the
      beginning of suckling in rats.
AB  - 1. Paired or single recordings of paraventricular and/or supraoptic oxytocin
      cells at the beginning of suckling in urethane-anaesthetized rats enabled us to
      study cell recruitment and compare the characteristics of the early- and late
      recruited cells. This was done under different experimental conditions, i.e. when
      the reflex was triggered in less than 1 h suckling (control), and when its
      triggering was facilitated either by the intraventricular (i.c.v.) injection of
      oxytocin, of apomorphine (a dopamine agonist) or by the intravenous (i.v.)
      injection of propranolol (a beta-adrenoceptor antagonist) into suckled rats with
      no milk ejection. 2. Under control conditions, the amplitude (total number of
      spikes) of the successive bursts of the early-recruited cells progressively
      increased, generally reaching maximum by the 6th burst. This increase was more
      rapid and greater after oxytocin than under control conditions or after
      apomorphine injection, and was delayed and reduced after propranolol. The burst
      frequency was higher after oxytocin and apomorphine injections than under control
      conditions and very low after propranolol. 3. Late-recruited cells were observed
      under all experimental conditions, except after oxytocin injection, since all
      cells displayed bursts right away. Moreover, when injected during the recruitment
      period of a control reflex, oxytocin greatly speeded up the recruitment of the
      late-recruited cells. These cells generally displayed smaller amplitude bursts
      than the early-recruited cells. Moreover, the increase in burst amplitude was
      less marked for the late- than for the early-recruited cells and often was not
      sustained. 4. Neither the likelihood of recruitment of an oxytocin cell nor its
      burst amplitude could be correlated with background activity level and there was
      no clear relationship between the recruitment period or the bursting
      characteristics on one hand and the background activity on the other. 5. In
      conclusion, the differences between the early- and late-recruited cells in
      recruitment time and in burst amplitude reflected differences in cell
      excitability which may depend mainly on the presence of oxytocin in the
      magnocellular nuclei.

PMID- 3404460
TI  - Cl- - and K+-dependent inhibitory postsynaptic potentials evoked by interneurones
      of the rat lateral geniculate nucleus.
AB  - 1. Hyperpolarizing potentials evoked by electrical stimulation of the optic tract
      were studied in projection cells of the rat dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus
      (LGN) in vitro. In the same cells the effects of gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA),
      baclofen and acetylcholine (ACh) were also investigated. 2. In the majority of
      cells a short- (SHP) (34 ms) and a long-lasting (LHP) (240 ms) hyperpolarizing
      potential could be recorded in the presence and in the absence of a preceding
      EPSP. They were blocked by tetrodotoxin (1 microM) and were more sensitive than
      the monosynaptic EPSP to a low-Ca2+-high-Mg2+ solution. 3. The SHP was associated
      with a marked decrease (75%) in input resistance, was blocked by bicuculline (1
      100 microM) and its reversal potential (-67 mV) was dependent on the
      extracellular Cl- concentration. 4. The LHP was associated with a smaller
      decrease (45%) in input resistance and its reversal potential (-76 mV) was
      dependent on the extracellular K+ concentration. It was increased by bicuculline
      (100% at 50 microM) and nipecotic acid (30% at 10 microM), blocked by Ba2+ (1
      mM), and unaffected by eserine (1-10 microM), neostigmine (1-10 microM) or by
      recording with EGTA-filled electrodes. In the presence of bicuculline, a single
      LHP was able to evoke, as a rebound response, a low-threshold Ca2+ spike that
      was, however, not followed by another LHP (or any other long-lasting
      hyperpolarization). 5. Ionophoretic applications of GABA evoked in the same cell
      a Cl- -dependent hyperpolarization (reversal potential: -65 mV) and/or
      depolarization, both of which were associated with a marked decrease (91%) in
      input resistance and abolished by bicuculline. GABA was also able to evoke a
      bicuculline-insensitive, K+-dependent hyperpolarization that had a reversal
      potential of -75 mV and was associated with a smaller decrease (43%) in input
      resistance. 6. Baclofen, applied by ionophoresis, pressure ejection or in the
      perfusion medium (1-100 microM), produced a hyperpolarization that had a reversal
      potential of -79 mV and was associated with a decrease (45%) in input resistance.
      7. In the majority of cells (thirty-seven out of forty) ACh evoked a slow
      depolarization and only in three cells a hyperpolarization which had a reversal
      potential of -80 mV.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3404461
TI  - Stimulation of vasopressin release in the ventral septum of the rat brain
      suppresses prostaglandin E1 fever.
AB  - 1. Infusion of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) into a lateral cerebral ventricle of the
      rat evoked a rise in core temperature which could be attenuated by electrical
      stimulation of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST). Electrical
      stimulation of the BST in the absence of PGE1 did not alter body temperature in
      the afebrile rat. 2. When the intracerebroventricular (I.C.V.) infusion of PGE1
      was preceded by a bilateral injection of saline or vasopressin V2 antagonist
      d(CH2)5D-ValVAVP into the ventral septal area (VSA), electrical stimulation of
      the BST suppressed the PGE1 hyperthermia. However, when the vasopressin V1
      antagonist d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)AVP was injected into the VSA prior to I.C.V. infusion
      of PGE1, electrical stimulation of the BST did not alter the hyperthermic
      response to PGE1. 3. These actions were site specific in that the suppression of
      PGE1 hyperthermia was observed only when the electrode tips were located in the
      area of the BST. Similarly, the V1 antagonist only blocked the effect of
      electrical stimulation when injected into the VSA. 4. When the vasopressin V1
      antagonist was injected into the VSA, the PGE1 fever was prolonged when compared
      to the controls with saline. 5. Injection of saline, vasopressin V1 and V2
      antagonist into the VSA, without PGE1 or BST stimulation, did not evoke any
      significant change in the core temperature of the rats. 6. These data are
      consistent with the hypothesis that vasopressin may function within the brain as
      an endogenous antipyretic and that vasopressin may act in a BST-VSA neuronal
      pathway concerned with endogenous antipyresis.

PMID- 3404463
TI  - Baroreceptor inputs to the nucleus tractus solitarius in the cat: postsynaptic
      actions and the influence of respiration.
AB  - 1. The postsynaptic action of carotid sinus nerve (SN), aortic nerve (AN),
      superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) and vagal nerve (VN) stimulation has been studied
      on neurones in the nucleus of the tractus solitarius (NTS) in vivo. 2. Three
      distinct patterns of postsynaptic responses were evoked by SN stimulation, an
      EPSP, an EPSP-IPSP sequence and an IPSP, observed separately in individual
      neurones. This diversity of response was represented in cells proven to receive
      baroreceptor input by inflation of a balloon-tipped catheter within the
      ipsilateral carotid sinus. 3. Virtually none of the neurones identified as
      baroreceptive exhibited pulse-related discharge. 4. A variety of influences to
      AN, SLN and VN stimulation were observed in neurones receiving baroreceptor
      afferent information. This wide convergence of input implies that this region of
      the brain stem is important in the integration of cardiovascular reflexes. 5. The
      hypothesis was tested that respiratory 'gating' of the baroreceptor reflex is
      produced by synaptic actions within the NTS. There was an absence of any
      modification of PSPs by lung inflation and by variations in the timing of the
      stimulation of the afferent nerves within the respiratory cycle. These
      observations indicate that respiratory modifications of the baroreceptor reflex
      must occur at later stages in the reflex pathway.

PMID- 3404464
TI  - Baroreceptor inputs to the nucleus tractus solitarius in the cat: modulation by
      the hypothalamus.
AB  - 1. The effects of stimulation within the hypothalamic defence area (HDA) on the
      activity of neurones in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) have been
      investigated in vivo. 2. HDA stimulation exerted marked influences on NTS
      neurones. Approximately two-thirds of units receiving a carotid sinus nerve (SN)
      input were inhibited by HDA stimulation. All units shown to receive an excitatory
      input from carotid sinus baroreceptors were inhibited by HDA stimulation. 3. The
      specificity of the HDA stimulation was investigated by generalized hypothalamic
      stimulation. In these experiments the number of units activated by SN stimulation
      that were inhibited was reduced considerably. A much smaller percentage (27%) of
      baroreceptive units were inhibited from hypothalamic stimulation outside the
      defence area. 4. Intracellular recordings revealed that HDA stimulation evoked a
      long-lasting hyperpolarization of membrane potential that resulted from
      postsynaptic inhibition (rather than disfacilitation). The HDA-evoked IPSP
      'shunted' the SN-evoked EPSP when the SN stimulus was timed to occur during the
      initial peak hyperpolarizing phase of the HDA-evoked IPSP. 5. HDA stimulation
      disinhibited cells receiving an inhibitory input from the carotid sinus
      baroreceptors. 6. The effects of HDA stimulation were not limited to cells
      receiving SN afferent information or to cells within the NTS. 7. Our results
      explain, at the intracellular level, the mechanism for the central suppression of
      the baroreceptor reflex that forms an integral part of the defence response in
      the cat.

PMID- 3404462
TI  - A transient calcium-dependent potassium component of the epileptiform burst after
      hyperpolarization in rat hippocampus.
AB  - 1. The epileptiform burst potential produced by picrotoxin is a model of the
      interictal spike potential seen in epilepsy. We have studied the epileptiform
      burst after-hyperpolarization (epileptiform burst AHP) using intracellular
      recording from rat CA1 hippocampal pyramidal cells in the slice preparation. In
      most experiments burst potentials were induced by electrical stimulation of
      afferent fibres, but in some experiments bursts that arose spontaneously were
      also investigated. 2. Previous evidence suggested that the epileptiform burst AHP
      has two slow K+-dependent components and that both components would be blocked by
      phorbol esters that activate protein kinase C. We found that phorbol esters
      indeed blocked the slow components, but also uncovered a transient
      hyperpolarizing component of the epileptiform burst AHP. This phorbol-ester
      insensitive component (the transient AHP) peaked approximately 65 ms after the
      onset of the stimulus and lasted approximately 150 ms. The transient AHP is K+
      dependent since its reversal potential shifted in elevated [K+]o, whereas Cl-
      loading of the cell had no effect on either its development or reversal
      potential. 3. The transient AHP was either greatly reduced or abolished by 5-10
      mM-tetraethylammonium (TEA) and by 15-20 nM-charybdotoxin (CTX), both of which
      block a particular Ca2+-dependent K+ current. Concomitant with the block of the
      transient AHP was a significant increase in burst duration. The transient AHP was
      not blocked by up to 1 mM-4-aminopyridine (4-AP), 1 mM-N'-2'-O-dibutyryl
      adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (dBcAMP) or 50 microM-carbamylcholine
      (carbachol), and burst duration was relatively unaffected by these agents. 4. The
      transient AHP is Ca2+ dependent: (1) it was often associated with the occurrence
      of a slow, Ca2+-dependent spike; (2) its amplitude was increased in either
      elevated [Ca2+] saline or in (3) Bay K 8644 (5-10 microM), a compound that
      prolongs the open time of certain Ca2+ channels. 5. We conclude that a Ca2+
      dependent K+ conductance is transiently activated by the epileptiform burst
      potential. Its distinctive pharmacological profile indicates that it is
      fundamentally different from the slow Ca2+-dependent K+ conductance. The Ca2+
      dependent K+ current, IC, may mediate the transient AHP. Our data also suggest
      that the transient AHP conductance plays an important role in repolarizing the
      membrane after bursts of action potentials.

PMID- 3404465
TI  - Hypothalamic inhibition of neurones in the nucleus tractus solitarius of the cat
      is GABA mediated.
AB  - 1. In pentobarbitone-anaesthetized cats extracellular activity of neurones in the
      vicinity of the nucleus tractus solitarius receiving inputs from the carotid
      sinus nerve (SN) and/or vagus nerve (VN) during stimulation of the hypothalamic
      defence area (HDA) and application of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine
      and their antagonists have been studied. 2. A total of forty neurones have been
      tested, of which twenty-four only had an input from the SN, one only from the VN,
      twelve from both nerves and three had neither SN or VN inputs. 3. Short trains of
      stimuli to the HDA inhibited both the ongoing activity (if present) and evoked
      discharge in thirty-nine of the forty neurones tested. 4. In the forty cells
      tested ionophoretic application of GABA reduced (4) or totally inhibited (35)
      neuronal discharge whilst in the thirty-eight tested with glycine discharge was
      totally (25) or partially (12) suppressed. 5. Ionophoresis of bicuculline totally
      (14) or partially (6) antagonized the inhibitory actions of GABA in the twenty
      five cells tested, and in eighteen of these the ongoing and/or evoked activity
      was simultaneously increased. In eighteen of the nineteen cells tested this level
      of bicuculline also antagonized the inhibitory actions of HDA stimuli whereas in
      none of the sixteen cells tested did it affect glycine-evoked inhibitions. 6.
      Ionophoretic application of strychnine antagonized the inhibitory effects of
      glycine in eight of nine cells tested but in these eight cells strychnine had no
      effect on ongoing or evoked discharges, GABA- or HDA-evoked inhibitions. 7. In a
      chloralose-anaesthetized cat five neurones receiving SN inputs (three also
      receiving VN inputs) were recorded. All could be inhibited by HDA stimuli and by
      application of GABA. In the three of four cells in which bicuculline antagonized
      GABA inhibitions, the effects of HDA stimuli were simultaneously antagonized
      whereas glycine-evoked inhibitions were unaffected. 8. In two neurones, in
      addition to inhibiting neuronal discharge HDA stimulation also evoked activity in
      the cells. In a further four neurones similar excitatory responses were uncovered
      when the HDA inhibitory effects were antagonized by bicuculline. 9. The
      importance of these observations in cardiovascular control and in the functioning
      of the baroreceptor reflex is discussed.

PMID- 3404466
TI  - Depression of mechanical function due to active shortening in the chick anterior
      latissimus dorsi muscle.
AB  - 1. The depressive effect of shortening on the mechanical properties of the chick
      anterior latissimus dorsi muscle was assessed by the isovelocity method during
      tetanic stimulation where the muscle was subjected to a standard conditioning
      shortening (7% optimum length at approximately 2% maximum shortening velocity,
      V0) immediately prior to the isovelocity test. Comparison was made to the
      mechanical properties of non-conditioned (control) contractions. For any given
      test isovelocity shortening rate, the observed force was always lower if it was
      preceded by a conditioning shortening. The percentage difference in isovelocity
      force between conditioned and control contractions was independent of the test
      shortening velocity. This suggests that shortening lowered the peak isometric
      force (F0), but did not affect the shape of the force-velocity relation if
      normalized to a lower F0. 2. Velocity of unloaded shortening, independently
      measured by the 'slack' method, was unaffected by the conditioning shortening. 3.
      The magnitude of the force deficit was diminished if the velocity of the
      conditioning shortening was increased. 4. Recovery of the force deficit was
      evaluated by allowing a variable period of isometric force redevelopment between
      the end of the conditioning shortening and the onset of the test isovelocity
      shortening. The isovelocity force of the conditioned contraction was less than
      the corresponding control at all times. Complete recovery was not observed with
      up to 5 s of additional stimulation. However, recovery was observed if the muscle
      was allowed to relax briefly. 5. Several possible interpretations of our results
      were considered. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that the effect
      of shortening results from non-uniform sarcomere shortening due to a pre-existing
      heterogeneity of sarcomere strengths. 6. An Appendix describes: (1) how the force
      velocity relation would be affected due to the presence of sarcomere strength
      heterogeneity, and (2) how a model muscle consisting of a heterogeneous
      population of sarcomeres would be expected to behave following different types of
      shortenings.

PMID- 3404467
TI  - The effect of heart rate on the membrane currents of isolated sheep Purkinje
      fibres.
AB  - 1. The effect of the rate of stimulation on the membrane currents of sheep
      Purkinje fibres at 37 degrees C has been examined. 2. In the diastolic range of
      potentials, the pacemaker current if was unchanged at different stimulus rates.
      3. On going from 6 to 60 min-1 the effect on the background current was similar
      to that of a decrease in the bathing K+ concentration, because there was a
      decrease in outward current in the plateau range of potentials and an increase in
      outward current in the diastolic range of potentials. At rates above 60 min-1
      there was extra outward background current at all potentials. Partial block of
      the Na+-K+ pump by ouabain reduced these changes in background current. 4. On
      going from 6 to 60 min-1 there was an increase in the slow inward current isi,
      but at rates above 60 min-1 there was usually a decrease in isi. The decrease in
      isi at rates greater than 60 min-1 was in part the result of insufficient time
      between action potentials for complete recovery of isi from inactivation. 5. The
      effect of these rate-dependent changes in membrane current on electrical activity
      has been considered. 6. The increase in the pacemaker potential at high rates is
      likely to be the consequence of the decrease in membrane conductance at diastolic
      potentials as a result of the changes in background current. 7. The increase in
      the maximum diastolic potential at high rates is likely to be the result of the
      extra outward background current at diastolic potentials. 8. The prolongation of
      the action potential on going from 6 to 60 min-1 is likely to be the result of
      the increase of isi, as well as the decrease in outward background current at
      plateau potentials. 9. The shortening of the action potential above 60 min-1 is
      likely to be the result of the decrease in isi although the extra outward
      background current may also contribute.

PMID- 3404468
TI  - Position sense at the proximal interphalangeal joint of the human index finger.
AB  - 1. The ability of eleven normal subjects to match the position of the proximal
      interphalangeal joints was tested. The right index finger (target finger) was
      moved to a given position and the subject was required to match this with the
      left index finger (matching finger). 2. Digital nerve block of the matching
      finger resulted in substantial impairment in matching performance in seven out of
      eight subjects. 3. Anaesthesia of the target finger in two subjects also produced
      obvious position matching deficit, in a pattern consistent with subjective
      sensation of target finger position. 4. The effects of digital nerve block were
      specific, as neither injection of saline into the matching finger, nor
      anaesthesia of adjacent fingers, impaired performance. 5. In one subject,
      injection of local anaesthetic into the synovial cavity of the matching finger
      also resulted in impairment of matching performance, indicating that articular
      receptors contribute to position sense at this joint. 6. Passive displacement of
      the matching finger did not produce significantly greater errors than those
      occurring with active finger positioning either under control conditions or
      during digital nerve block of the matching finger. 7. Although digital nerve
      block produced substantial impairment of matching performance, there was not
      complete loss of proprioceptive sensation, suggesting that muscle receptors also
      contribute. This was confirmed in experiments where isotonic loading of the
      matching finger while it was anaesthetized resulted in significant alteration in
      matching performance compared to anaesthesia alone. 8. It is concluded that no
      one source of afferent input can be excluded from contributing to proprioception
      at the index finger. It is likely that under different operating conditions
      several afferent sources are required to provide optimal proprioceptive
      resolution.

PMID- 3404469
TI  - Effects of raised extracellular potassium on the excitability of, and hormone
      release from, the isolated rat neurohypophysis.
AB  - 1. Single neurohypophyses from male rats were maintained in an in vitro
      perifusion chamber. Ion-sensitive microelectrodes were introduced into the tissue
      to measure changes in [K+]o and [Ca2+]o during electrical stimulation. 2.
      Electrical stimulation at 6 Hz for 1 min and 30 Hz for 12 s raised [K+]o by 5.4
      +/- 0.4 and 13.5 +/- 0.5 mM (mean +/- S.E.M., n = 8) respectively. To investigate
      the effects of raised [K+]o on the excitability of the neurosecretory terminals,
      stimulations were repeated in media of altered K+ concentration. The increase in
      [K+]o evoked by 6 Hz stimulation was elevated in 10 mM-K+ medium (133% of that in
      5 mM-K+ medium) and reduced in 0 mM-K+ medium and in 25 mM-K+ medium. Thus it
      appeared that stimulus-induced changes in [K+]o might enhance the excitability of
      the tissue during electrical activation. 3. To test this hypothesis, we measured
      the field potential responses evoked by 0.5 Hz stimulation in media of different
      K+ concentrations. The size of the field potential was enhanced in 10 mM-K+
      medium and depressed in 0 mM-K+ medium and in 25 mM-K+ medium. 4. Electrical
      stimulation (6 Hz, 1 min) decreased [Ca2+]o by 10.9 +/- 1.8% (n = 6). This
      decrease was absent in the presence of 1 microM-tetrodotoxin or 1 mM-cadmium.
      Again, the [Ca2+] response to stimulation was enhanced in 10 mM-K+ medium and
      depressed in 0 mM-K+ medium or 25 mM-K+ medium. 5. The release of vasopressin and
      oxytocin evoked by stimulation at 6 or 30 Hz from isolated neurohypophyses was
      measured by radioimmunoassay in a separate series of experiments. Stimulation at
      30 Hz for 1 min released 5- to 6-fold more hormone than stimulation at 6 Hz for 5
      min. Release evoked by 6 Hz stimulation was enhanced in 15 mM-K+ medium and
      depressed in 25 mM-K+ medium. 6. We conclude that the rise in [K+]o that
      accompanies high-frequency activation of axons and terminals in the
      neurohypophysis contributes to the facilitation of hormone release with
      increasing frequencies of stimulation, and in particular to the efficiency of the
      milk-ejection burst discharge of oxytocin neurones for evoking oxytocin release.

PMID- 3404471
TI  - Removal of periaxonal potassium accumulation in a squid giant axon by outward
      osmotic water flow.
AB  - 1. Periaxonal potassium accumulation does not occur in a squid giant axon when
      outward water flow is maintained by an osmotic gradient across the axolemma.
      Potassium concentrations in the periaxonal space were calculated from the
      potassium potentials (EK) for the tail K+ current. With outward water flow, the
      periaxonal K+ concentration was maintained at values less than or close to the K+
      concentration in the bathing solution. 2. Outward osmotic water flow was produced
      by adding 1 M-urea to the isotonic external solution. This was sufficient to
      prevent K+ accumulation, but it had no effect if applied to both sides of the
      axolemma. 3. The thickness of the periaxonal space (theta s) and the permeability
      of the extracellular barrier (Ps) were estimated using a three-compartment model.
      Under isotonic conditions they were 25 nm and 3.7 micron/s, respectively. With
      outward water flow, either Ps or theta s or both must increase by a large factor,
      since K+ accumulation is prevented. 4. Instantaneous I-V relations with outward
      water flow showed outward rectification and no time-dependent changes in their
      shape. When external K+ concentration was increased, the curves became more
      linear.

PMID- 3404470
TI  - Membrane properties of histaminergic tuberomammillary neurones of the rat
      hypothalamus in vitro.
AB  - 1. Intracellular recordings were obtained from neurones of the tuberomammillary
      nucleus in an in vitro explant of the rat hypothalamus. 2. Tuberomammillary
      neurones were spontaneously active (2.1 +/- 0.6 Hz) at the resting potential
      which was around -50 mV. Action potential amplitude was 75 +/- 8 mV (n = 9); mean
      mid-amplitude duration was 1.8 +/- 0.4 ms (n = 9). 3. The mean input resistance
      of tuberomammillary neurones was 176 +/- 42 M omega (n = 30), and the mean
      membrane time constant was 19.8 +/- 5.3 ms (n = 30). These neurones exhibited
      inward rectification with hyperpolarization from the resting potential, and
      transient outward rectification at the offset of hyperpolarizing electrotonic
      pulses. 4. Action potentials were followed by an after-hyperpolarization of 300
      600 ms duration and 12-18 mV amplitude. This after-hyperpolarization had a
      reversal potential around -80 mV, was abolished by intracellular loading with
      caesium, and was reduced but not abolished by bath application of either cadmium,
      cobalt or nickel. 5. Tetrodotoxin abolished spontaneous action potentials.
      Further addition of tetraethylammonium ions revealed a regenerative spike which
      was reversibly blocked by the addition of cobalt. 6. That tuberomammillary
      neurones exhibiting these properties were indeed histaminergic was confirmed in
      five cases by intracellular ionophoresis of Lucifer Yellow and subsequent double
      labelling by immunofluorescent localization of the histamine synthetic enzyme L
      histidine decarboxylase.

PMID- 3404473
TI  - The determinants of the step frequency in running, trotting and hopping in man
      and other vertebrates.
AB  - 1. During each step of running, trotting or hopping part of the gravitational and
      kinetic energy of the body is absorbed and successively restored by the muscles
      as in an elastic rebound. In this study we analysed the vertical motion of the
      centre of gravity of the body during this rebound and defined the relationship
      between the apparent natural frequency of the bouncing system and the step
      frequency at the different speeds. 2. The step period and the vertical
      oscillation of the centre of gravity during the step were divided into two parts:
      a part taking place when the vertical force exerted on the ground is greater than
      body weight (lower part of the oscillation) and a part taking place when this
      force is smaller than body weight (upper part of the oscillation). This analysis
      was made on running humans and birds; trotting dogs, monkeys and rams; and
      hopping kangaroos and springhares. 3. During trotting and low-speed running the
      rebound is symmetric, i.e. the duration and the amplitude of the lower part of
      the vertical oscillation of the centre of gravity are about equal to those of the
      upper part. In this case, the step frequency equals the frequency of the bouncing
      system. 4. At high speeds of running and in hopping the rebound is asymmetric,
      i.e. the duration and the amplitude of the upper part of the oscillation are
      greater than those of the lower part, and the step frequency is lower than the
      frequency of the system. 5. The asymmetry is due to a relative increase in the
      vertical push. At a given speed, the asymmetric bounce requires a greater power
      to maintain the motion of the centre of gravity of the body, Wext, than the
      symmetric bounce. A reduction of the push would decrease Wext but the resulting
      greater step frequency would increase the power required to accelerate the limbs
      relative to the centre of gravity, Wint. It is concluded that the asymmetric
      rebound is adopted in order to minimize the total power, Wext + Wint.

PMID- 3404472
TI  - Lateral interactions at direction-selective striate neurones in the cat
      demonstrated by local cortical inactivation.
AB  - 1. Single neurones were recorded with glass-coated tungsten electrodes from area
      17 of the cat's visual cortex. The cats were anaesthetized and artificially
      respirated with a mixture of halothane, nitrous oxide and oxygen. 2. For local
      cortical inactivation a multibarrel pipette was placed 0.5-2.5 mm posterior (or
      anterior) to the recording site, at a depth of 400-600 micron. Four separate
      barrels of the pipette were filled with gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA); the fifth
      was filled with Pontamine Sky Blue for labelling of the centre of the
      inactivation site. 3. Direction-selective cells, of differing optimal
      orientations and preferred directions of motion, were classified as simple or
      complex and tested with computer-controlled stimuli presented on an oscilloscope.
      4. During continuous recording GABA was microionophoretically applied for
      different durations and with different ejection currents. The effectiveness of
      GABA microionophoresis was evident from the direct GABAergic effects (strong
      overall inhibition of the recorded cells) observed with high ejection currents
      and prolonged application. 5. Two discrete effects could be observed during local
      inactivation distant from the cortical cell under study: an increase of the
      response in either the non-preferred or the preferred direction; or a decrease of
      the response in the preferred direction. All GABA-induced changes were
      reversible. 6. The depressant action of GABA was independent of the relative
      topography between recording and inactivation site and affected mainly the
      response to the preferred direction of stimulus motion. 7. Disinhibition was only
      observed when the stimulus-evoked response moved on the cortical map in a
      direction from the GABA pipette towards the recording electrode. It is concluded
      that GABA reversibly silences inhibitory interneurones that are situated in the
      vicinity of the micropipette tip and are involved in generation of direction
      selectivity. 8. No fundamental differences between cells from different cortical
      layers were observed. The disinhibitory effects of GABA inactivation were more
      pronounced and more frequently seen in simple cells (61%) than in complex cells
      (38%), while the opposite was true for reduced excitation during lateral GABA
      inactivation (observed in 62% of the complex vs. 39% of the simple cells).
      Accordingly, lateral inhibition statistically prevails in simple cells and
      lateral excitation in complex cells. 9. Among the inhibitory and excitatory
      mechanisms affected by lateral GABA inactivation, inhibition is organized with a
      higher topographic specificity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3404475
TI  - Practical points in the management of postoperative nausea and vomiting.

PMID- 3404474
TI  - [Isolation and properties of myoglobin from murine skeletal muscle].
AB  - Myoglobin (Mb) was isolated from skeletal muscle of JCL-ICR mice by heat
      denaturation-gel filtration combined with ion exchange chromatography or
      chromatofocusing by which isoelectric point of the main component was estimated
      as 7.63 +/- 0.09 (20 degrees C). The Mb was homogeneous by gel electrophoretic
      and ultracentrifugal analysis. The molecular weight by sedimentation equilibrium
      was 1.80 X 10(4) and essentially identical with the values by the iron analysis
      (1.82 X 10(4)) and amino acid composition (1.78 X 10(4)) in which one residue of
      cysteine was found per molecule. The spectroscopic properties of deoxy-, oxy-,
      carboxy- and ferri-derivatives of the protein were determined in ultraviolet,
      Soret and visible regions. The pK' of acid-alkaline transition of the ferri-form
      was estimated as 8.57 +/- 0.30 (30 degrees C) from the pH-dependent spectral
      changes. The oxygen equilibrium studies revealed complete absence of such
      allosteric properties as heme-heme interaction, anion effect and Bohr effect.
      Oxygen tension for the half-oxygenation (P50) was 0.69 +/- 0.06 Torr (20 degrees
      C) and its temperature-dependent change gave the delta H degrees of -14.1
      kcal/mole.

PMID- 3404476
TI  - Mr S and his nine lives.

PMID- 3404477
TI  - Concepts, conceptual frameworks, and theories in nursing.

PMID- 3404478
TI  - The Nurse In Washington Internship.

PMID- 3404479
TI  - The shortage in nursing.

PMID- 3404480
TI  - Migraine and depression: association and familial transmission.
AB  - We have studied the association between migraine and major depression in a group
      of 133 probands with major depression, a group of 82 normal community controls
      and 400 interviewed first-degree relatives of the probands and controls. There
      was a significant association between depression and migraine among both the
      probands and the relatives. We also found that concomitant symptoms of anxiety
      were prominent among the depressed persons with migraine. Both depression and
      migraine were strongly familial but their association did not appear to be highly
      transmissible. Rather, our data suggested that depression may either be a sequela
      of migraine or the diathesis which results in both migraine and depression.

PMID- 3404481
TI  - Urinary phenylacetate and response to methylphenidate.
AB  - Phenylacetate (PAA) is the metabolic end-product of phenylalanine, a
      catecholamine precursor, and of phenylethylamine, a centrally active
      neurochemical substance which has been implicated in the actions of stimulant
      medications. PAA has been reported to be low in unipolar depression. We measured
      24-h urinary PAA in normal controls (N = 21) and in-patients with unipolar
      depression (N = 33; 12 drug-free) and did subsequent dexamethasome suppression
      tests (DST). We also gave patients methylphenidate challenges, examining mood
      response. There were no significant differences between depressed patients and
      controls in 24-h urinary PAA excretion (P greater than 0.9). However, the
      variance in PAA excretion was higher in patients than normals and 5 patients had
      values at or above the 99% confidence limits for the normal control group. There
      was no association of DST results with PAA excretion (P greater than 0.4).
      Patients with a worsened mood after taking methylphenidate excreted less PAA than
      those with an improved mood, however (P less than 0.025). The clinical and
      theoretical significance of these results is discussed.

PMID- 3404482
TI  - Gender and the expression of schizophrenia.
AB  - The expression of schizophrenia was examined in 169 DSM-III diagnosed
      schizophrenics. Restricted maximum likelihood factor analysis was used to test
      the invariance of the hypothesized symptom model across gender. Findings
      indicated that schizophrenic women not only expressed more impulsivity and
      affective symptomatology than did men, but their psychotic symptoms covaried
      consistently with the expression of impulsivity, anger and other affective
      symptomatology. Men's expression of schizophrenia covaried positively with
      withdrawal/isolation and an inability to function, suggesting a possible negative
      symptom pattern. Gender differences were not attributable to misclassification,
      differences in diagnostic subtypes, nor to selection. Results are discussed in
      light of their implications for understanding the heterogeneity of schizophrenia.

PMID- 3404483
TI  - Cortical and subcortical computed tomographic study in schizophrenia.
AB  - Thirty-six chronic schizophrenics and 24 controls, all males, were evaluated by
      computed tomography (CT) scans. The lateral, third and fourth ventricles, the
      Sylvian fissure and the largest sulcus from each lobe were measured. In the
      schizophrenic patients there was a significant increase in third ventricle,
      ventricular brain ratio (VBR) and cortical measures. The possible implications of
      these findings in the aetiopathology of schizophrenia are discussed.

PMID- 3404484
TI  - Visual optics in toads (Bufo americanus).
AB  - Aspects of visual optics were investigated in the American toad (Bufo
      americanus). The development of the refractive state of the eye during
      metamorphosis was followed with IR photoretinoscopy. Frozen sections documented
      the changes in optical parameters before and after metamorphosis. There is a
      difference in light sensitivity between juvenile and adult toads. Binocular
      accommodation in adult toads was observed. 1. IR photoretinoscopic measurements
      showed that the refractive state of the eye changed very rapidly during
      metamorphosis, about 10 D/h while the animal entered the terrestrial habitat. 2.
      Frozen sections showed that the almost spherical lens in a tadpole eye had
      flattened in a just metamorphosed toad's eye while at the same time the distance
      of the lens to the retina had decreased. However, the morphological measurements
      were not sufficiently sensitive to record the relatively small changes in ocular
      dimensions that were responsible for the rapid changes in refractive state during
      metamorphosis. 3. Schematic eyes, with homogeneous and non homogeneous lenses,
      were constructed for tadpoles, juvenile toads, and adult toads. 4. Nonparaxial
      raytracing studies in schematic eyes suggested that the lenses of animals of the
      three developmental stages tadpole, juvenile toad, and adult are not homogeneous
      but have a refractive index gradient. The raytracing studies indicated that the
      refractive index gradient is different for the different developmental stages,
      being highest in the tadpole lens. 5. The observations of toads during feeding
      behavior at different light levels showed an increased light sensitivity in the
      adult nocturnal toads in contrast to the juvenile animals, which are diurnal. The
      increased light sensitivity could partly be explained with an increase in
      aperture and an increase in red rod outer segments. To fully explain the higher
      light sensitivity in adult toads, changes in neuronal parameters had to be
      assumed. 6. Retinoscopic measurements of the resting refractive state in the
      adult toad showed a hyperopic defocus of about +8 D. By subtracting the
      measurement artefact for retinoscopy, the true resting focus was found to be
      nearly emmetropic. 7. The amount of natural accommodation in adult toads during
      normal feeding behavior was investigated with IR photoretinoscopy. Binocular
      accommodation of about 8 D was observed.

PMID- 3404486
TI  - Alexithymia: a comparative study of three self-report measures.
AB  - This study evaluates and compares the psychometric properties of the three self
      report measures of alexithymia - a hypothetical personality construct thought to
      be associated with hypochondriasis, somatization disorder and a variety of other
      medical and psychiatric disorders. Two hundred and nine college students were
      administered the Schalling-Sifneos Personality Scale (SSPS), MMPI alexithymia
      scale (MMPI-A), Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS), and two measures of functional
      somatic symptoms. Results indicated that the TAS is internally consistent and
      sensitive to reports of somatic symptoms. In contrast, the SSPS and MMPI-A were
      found to have response and/or gender biases, poor internal reliabilities, and no
      systematic relationship with somatic symptoms. In addition, factor analysis
      showed the TAS to have a stable, replicable factor structure, while the SSPS
      demonstrated little factor stability. These findings suggest that the TAS is the
      most psychometrically sound measure of the alexithymia construct.

PMID- 3404485
TI  - The diurnal pattern of protein and photopigment synthesis in the retina of the
      crayfish, Procambarus clarkii.
AB  - The interrelationship between the diurnal cycle of membrane loss and synthesis of
      new rhabdom components remains a key element in forming a complete picture of the
      turnover of photopigment-containing membrane in the crayfish photoreceptor cell.
      In order to examine this aspect of the turnover process, the diurnal pattern of
      photopigment synthesis was examined using an in vitro incubation system for
      incorporation of 3H-leucine into photoreceptor protein. The incorporation of 3H
      leucine into total protein and photopigment specifically was measured in
      photoreceptors isolated from incubated retinas. The results indicate that for
      both total protein and photopigment there is no significant variation in the rate
      of synthesis during the 12-12 light-dark cycle. These data combined with earlier
      data on diurnal membrane loss from the rhabdom suggest that light-stimulated
      rhabdom membrane loss is superimposed on a diurnally constant level of synthesis
      and assembly of new rhabdom constituents.

PMID- 3404487
TI  - Assessment of premenstrual symptomatology: a re-evaluation of the predictive
      validity of self-report.

PMID- 3404488
TI  - Individual knowledge of emotions in asthmatic children.

PMID- 3404489
TI  - Acute and chronic life event stress in coronary atherosclerosis.
AB  - The relation between acute and chronic life events stress and atherosclerosis was
      assessed in 491 patients having coronary angiography for presumed coronary heart
      disease. There was no evidence that recent acute stressful events or chronic
      difficulties in adult life were independently related to coronary artery
      atherosclerosis once potentially confounding variables such as sex were
      controlled.

PMID- 3404490
TI  - Type A behaviour and pressor response in a representative sample of middle-aged
      men.
AB  - The hypothesis that type A behaviour is associated with greater pressor response
      to stress was tested in a representative sample of 114 men aged 30-65 yr. Jenkins
      Activity Survey, Framingham and Bortner type A scores were related to blood
      pressure and heart rate under rest, serial reaction time, mental arithmetic, and
      noise conditions. Type A scores were modestly intercorrelated (r = 0.59 to r =
      0.67). Type A scores were inversely related to age and resting systolic pressure
      and were independent of smoking history, social class, marital status, and task
      performance parameters. Type A scores were not related to pressor or heart rate
      response to stress under any of the stress conditions. These findings do not
      support the importance of physiological response as an explanation of the
      association between type A and heart disease.

PMID- 3404492
TI  - Type A behaviour and coronary atherosclerosis.
AB  - The relation of the Type A behaviour pattern to coronary atherosclerosis was
      assessed in a sample of 519 coronary angiography patients. Type A measures were
      the Structured Interview and the Framingham questionnaire. Angiographic indices
      included a composite coronary occlusion index and number of coronary vessels
      significantly diseased. Univariate analysis involving the entire sample showed no
      significant relation between Type A and severity of coronary vessel disease.
      Analyses for two subsamples, namely males currently employed in white collar
      occupations and persons found to have significant disease at angiography, also
      failed to indicate a relationship between Type A and coronary disease.
      Multivariate analysis revealed sex, cholesterol and age to be risk factors for
      atherosclerosis; Type A behaviour was not. The implications of these findings are
      discussed.

PMID- 3404491
TI  - An exploration of factors predicting the effects of aerobic conditioning on mood
      state.
AB  - This study explored variables which predict effects of an aerobic exercise
      program on mood. Adult members of an eight-week conditioning program improved
      significantly in mood, in comparison with non-exercising controls, immediately
      after and three months after the program. Mood improvement was predicted by
      initial mood, with improvement limited to the most mood-disturbed subjects. It
      was not, however, predicted by improvement on cardiovascular or other physical
      indices, by other psychological or demographic ratings, or by beliefs and
      expectations about physical fitness or about mood state.

PMID- 3404494
TI  - The factor structure of symptom reports in premenstrual syndrome.
AB  - Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) is characterised by negative moods, physical changes
      and alterations in cognitions and behaviours during the latter part of the
      menstrual cycle. Symptoms diminish at the onset of menstruation or during the
      menstrual flow and the post-menstrual (follicular) phase is usually one of calm
      and well-being. The factor structure of self-reports from a group of 75 treatment
      seeking women was examined for simple structure. Five factors emerged, of which
      the first general factor was represented by follicular distress and accounted for
      22% of the total variance. Four group factors emerged and were characterised as
      premenstrual negative feelings, premenstrual activation, premenstrual stress
      pain, and follicular anxiety accounting for 30% of total variance. The finding of
      the large general factor with greatest weights on follicular distress items was
      of particular interest. This finding has implications both for aetiology of PMS
      and for therapy. These aspects are discussed.

PMID- 3404493
TI  - Psychosocial considerations in gastric stapling surgery.
AB  - Thirty-one morbidly obese patients awaiting gastric stapling and 31 similar
      patients who had already undergone this procedure were evaluated using four
      psychological self-report questionnaires: Eating Disorder Inventory, Millon
      Clinical Multiaxial Inventory, Locus of Control, and a questionnaire developed by
      the authors. The subjects were predominantly female, had a strong family history
      of obesity, and reported anxiety in the pathological range. The overall results
      suggest that, while not a panacea, gastric stapling does confer significant
      benefit to morbidly obese individuals.

PMID- 3404495
TI  - Thyroid disease and mental illness: a study of thyroid disease in psychiatric
      admissions.
AB  - The notes of 1007 consecutive admissions to a District General Hospital adult
      psychiatry unit were examined retrospectively to establish the role of the
      thyroid disease detected in routine management. Thyroid function tests were
      performed on 300 admissions, leaving 707 untested. Ten had abnormal results (3.3%
      of admissions tested), accounted for by nine patients with affective disorder.
      Two of the nine settled spontaneously, but seven cases (2.3%) had sustained
      abnormality. Five of the seven had a known history of thyroid disease, leaving
      two new findings of hypothyroidism who presented with no clinical signs other
      than their mental illness (0.7% of admissions tested). In five cases, which
      included the two new findings, the thyroid disease had been judged to precipitate
      the mental illness. All cases except one transitory abnormality occurred in
      females. When the results of this and other surveys are compared with the figures
      for thyroid disease in the general population, the value of screening psychiatric
      patients seems questionable. However, diagnosis is important in a few cases where
      thyroid disease apparently contributes to the mental illness. For psychiatric
      patients aged up to 65, elimination of unnecessary thyroid function tests without
      sacrificing detection may be possible by restricting use to female patients with
      affective disorder, patients with a past or family history of thyroid disease or
      with presenile dementia. Abnormal results obtained during the acute phase of the
      illness may be transitory and require confirmation.

PMID- 3404496
TI  - Verbal denial and outcome in myocardial infarction patients.
AB  - In a prospective study of 367 myocardial infarction patients, in-hospital
      measures of three aspects of verbal denial were examined with regard to medical,
      social and psychological outcome during a 3-5 yr follow-up. A low level of Denial
      of Illness was associated with more problems related to work, sexual life, and
      physical activities; and with a higher mortality rate. Higher levels of Denial of
      Impact were related to better emotional outcome, but also weakly associated with
      increased mortality. In contrast, Suppression proved to be related only to self
      reported emotional distress. The findings indicate that it is useful to
      distinguish among several forms of denial in medical patients according to what
      is being denied.

PMID- 3404497
TI  - The relationship between heart rate, heart rate variability and depression in
      patients with coronary artery disease.
AB  - Seventy-seven patients undergoing elective cardiac catheterization were
      administered a diagnostic psychiatric interview and their mean heart rates and
      heart rate variability were determined from the results of a 24 hr ambulatory
      ECG. The mean heart rate for depressed patients with coronary artery disease
      (CAD) was significantly higher than for nondepressed CAD patients, independent of
      the patient's age, smoking status, and beta blocker therapy. Heart rate
      variability was lower in depressed patients but did not achieve significance.
      With the exception of smoking, which was more common in depressed patients, there
      were no significant differences between the depressed and nondepressed patients
      on any other medical or demographic variable assessed. It is concluded that
      elevated heart rate may represent increased sympathetic tone in depressed CAD
      patients, and may help to explain the increased morbidity and mortality reported
      in these patients.

PMID- 3404498
TI  - Hyperventilation syndrome and muscle fatigue.
AB  - Fatigue is a frequent complaint from patients suffering from the hyperventilation
      syndrome. Fatigue was quantified in terms of the endurance time that a certain
      force can be generated in a sustained handgrip contraction, and in terms of the
      time course of changes in certain parameters of the EMG-power spectrum of the
      contracting muscles. This was done in a group of 25 normal subjects and a group
      of 30 patients suffering from the hyperventilation syndrome. No difference in
      endurance times was found. The EMG-fatiguability in the hyperventilation group
      developed even slower than in the normal group. In three normals the fatigue
      parameters were also measured in three conditions of normo-, hypo-, and hyper
      capnia. No intraindividual correlations were found between fatigue parameters and
      CO2-levels. Neither were such correlations found between individuals in the
      hyperventilation group and the normal group. It is concluded that the subjective
      feelings of fatigue in the hyperventilation patients cannot be corroborated by
      the objective measurements used in this study. Thus their fatigue is not of a
      peripheral type. The levels of CO2 do not have an effect on objectively measured
      fatigue parameters. The hypothesis that lactate accumulation in contracting
      muscles mediates EMG-fatiguability, cannot explain the present results, and
      therefore is not supported by results from this study.

PMID- 3404499
TI  - Psychosocial morbidity in patients awaiting breast biopsy.
AB  - Psychosocial morbidity was compared in 91 patients awaiting breast biopsy and 30
      women awaiting elective cholecystectomy. Somatic symptoms and social dysfunction
      were prominent in cholecystectomy patients. Patients subsequently found to have
      benign breast disease had the highest levels of psychological morbidity. Patients
      found to have breast cancer appeared no more anxious or depressed than those
      awaiting cholecystectomy. However, within the breast cancer group, patients aged
      45 or less were significantly more anxious than those over 45, and a past history
      of psychological upset, prior to discovery of breast disease, was positively and
      independently associated with anxiety. Results are consistent with recent
      research suggesting an association between benign breast disease and a
      predisposition to psychological morbidity.

PMID- 3404500
TI  - Blood pressure reactivity: pitfalls in methodology.
AB  - Two very different assumptions about the principles of blood pressure reactivity
      lead to quite different notions about hypertensive/normotensive behaviour. Both
      are referred to as the Law of Initial Value (LIV). Subsequent confusion about
      blood pressure reactivity vs resting level partly explains a number of
      inconsistencies between studies describing hypertensive behaviour. Here the
      validity of each assumption was tested. Young hypertensives and normotensives who
      had first been placed into a condition of arousal or relaxation performed a
      mental arithmetic task. Group behaviour and idiosyncratic paradoxical response
      phenomena were investigated. Results showed that the state of the subject
      immediately prior to the mental arithmetic task was more important in determining
      the reaction to that task than blood pressure category was: in an aroused subject
      blood pressure fell. The implications for both clinicians and researchers
      interested in blood pressure behaviour, in particular where stimuli have failed
      to elicit responses, are discussed.

PMID- 3404501
TI  - Factors influencing compliance with dietary restrictions in dialysis patients.
AB  - Dietary restrictions for dialysis patients are very demanding and compliance has
      been shown to be poor in many patients. A number of psychosocial variables were
      investigated in a sample of 41 dialysis patients for possible effects on dietary
      compliance. Clinical criteria of dietary abuse indicated problems in 58% of the
      sample. Self reported compliance was significantly associated with clinical abuse
      scores. The longer patients had been on dialysis, the less likely they were to
      report dietary compliance. Health locus of control and family support were
      significantly associated with specific items of self reported compliance, but not
      with overall compliance scores. Acceptance of the limitations imposed by illness
      was significantly associated with clinical dietary abuse scores. The process
      whereby positive adjustment and good dietary control may be achieved, is
      discussed.

PMID- 3404503
TI  - Type A and genital herpes.
AB  - This study investigated a possible relationship between the Type A Behavior
      Pattern (TABP) and genital herpes, and sought to confirm earlier observations of
      a relationship between TABP, allergies, and upper respiratory infections. The
      research participants were 105 members of a herpes self-help group. The subjects
      conformed to epidemiological evidence of a greater prevalence of genital herpes
      in young adult women; they were also highly educated and tended to be single and
      to live in rental accommodations. TABP was measured by Form C of the Jenkins
      Activity Survey. The Type A subjects were not more prevalent in our sample, and
      there were no A-B differences in the frequency of recurrences. However, Type A
      subjects experienced significantly greater symptom severity during recurrences
      and were more likely to seek symptomatic treatment. The overall pattern of
      results suggested that these A-B differences in severity likely reflected
      physiological or immunological differences rather than simply differences in
      response bias between Type A and B subjects. Finally, the study failed to
      replicate earlier observations of associations between TABP and allergies, and
      TABP and respiratory infections.

PMID- 3404502
TI  - Reduction of post-operative swelling by a placebo effect.
AB  - A placebo effect on post-operative swelling was investigated as a possible model
      for studying psychological influences on recovery from surgery. 79 patients
      undergoing removal of impacted third-molars received one of five different
      procedures shortly after emerging from general anaesthetic. These included
      dentist-administered or placebo ultrasound (the latter given in two different
      ways to control for massage effects), untreated controls and a group instructed
      to apply facial massage to themselves. Pre- and post-operative measurements
      included trait and state-anxiety, coping style, emotional state, pain, plasma
      cortisol and facial swelling. Cortisol levels correlated with anxiety and
      avoidant coping. Post-operative anxiety was negatively correlated with pre
      operative arousal. Neither coping nor emotional state was affected by the
      treatments, but swelling was reduced by a placebo effect of ultrasound. Cortisol
      levels also responded, apparently to an effect of massage. The coping and
      emotional factors which we measured here cannot, therefore, explain the effects
      of this psychological procedure on post-operative recovery.

PMID- 3404504
TI  - Association of type A behavior and its components to ways of coping with stress.
AB  - This preliminary study provides evidence suggesting that Type A behavior and its
      components influence how people cope with personally relevant stressful
      situations, and that the relationship between Type A scores and coping is
      different when examined separately among males and females. Among males, Type A
      behaviors were positively correlated to the use of problem-focused coping, and
      inversely related to seeking social support. Among females, Type A behaviors were
      positively correlated with problem-focused coping, cognitive restructuring
      coping, and self-denigration coping. Results were integrated into Glass' model of
      the role of individual differences in need for personal control in the coping
      process, and discussed in terms of their implications for understanding the
      biopsychosocial mechanisms through which some Type A behaviors might increase an
      individual's risk of coronary heart disease.

PMID- 3404505
TI  - Life events and somatisation among students.
AB  - 137 first year undergraduates presenting to the student health service were
      studied to assess the effect of life events, locus of control, psychiatric
      symptoms and illness behaviour in determining whether a psychological or physical
      symptom was presented to the doctor. Psychological presenters were small in
      number, but showed significantly more life events additional to those expected
      during the first year of higher education. They also showed greater external
      attribution for affiliation and more prominent illness behaviour. 65% of the
      sample showed GHQ scores indicating probable psychiatric illness. Those with a
      high GHQ score and physical presentation, who did not have an organic basis for
      their symptoms were termed 'somatisers'. Like those with a psychological
      presentation, the somatisers had experienced a break, or serious difficulty in a
      close relationship with a member of the opposite sex, or the death of a close
      relative or friend. This study has used a new method of assessment of life events
      among students and the results indicate the high prevalence of somatisation among
      first year college students attending the health centre.

PMID- 3404506
TI  - [Enteroclysis in chronic radioenteritis. Study of 43 cases].
AB  - Enteroclysis were practiced for 43 patients with radiation induced injuries of
      the small bowel. The radiological data revealed mucosal lesions in 23 cases,
      submucosa lesions in 21 cases, parietal thickening in 20 cases, mesenteric
      involvement in 32 cases. Narrowings and stenosis were present in 24 cases and
      dilated loops in 15 cases. Fistula formation existed in two cases. Twenty four
      patients were operated and the diagnosis of radiation enteritis was confirmed. In
      12 cases, the enteroclysis succeed to a per os technique. The authors showed the
      superiority of the enteroclysis.

PMID- 3404507
TI  - [Optochiasmatic tuberculoma and MRI. 2 cases].
AB  - Two cases are reported of optochiasmatic tuberculoma, an exceptional complication
      difficult to diagnose in the absence of any tuberculous context. Although
      diagnosis of the optochiasmatic occupying process is simple by scan or NMR
      imaging, it is generally difficult to identify the chiasma in a process of this
      type. It is therefore impossible to recognize the two forms of these
      tuberculomas: intra- and peri-chiasmatic histologic types, and yet these have an
      incidence on therapy and prognosis. Surgical exploration is justified when the
      diagnosis remains in doubt or when the functional prognosis is implicated.

PMID- 3404508
TI  - [Subperiosteal chondroma. Diagnostic contribution of x-ray computed tomography.
      Apropos of 2 cases].
AB  - Results of CT scan exploration are reported in two cases of subperiosteal
      chondroma, one in a 4 year old child affecting the anterior tibial tuberosity the
      other in a 9 year old child involving the upper end of humerus. Data from CT scan
      imaging were undoubtedly superior to those of conventional radiography and appear
      to be characteristic of this benign cartilaginous tumor, greatly facilitating
      correlation between clinical, radiological and pathologic findings. The scanner
      should allow certain situations to be dedramatized and the surgical attitude
      adapted when the functional prognosis is involved.

PMID- 3404509
TI  - [Diagnostic difficulties of isolated symptomatic unilamellar periosteal
      appositions. Uncommon form of fatigue fracture in children].
AB  - We describe five cases of painful periosteal reaction occurring in children. The
      initial radiographic appearance of stress fracture may be troublesome since the
      new bone formation may be confused with malignant bone lesion. Because of the
      importance of making a correct diagnosis multiple imaging techniques will often
      be employed. We discuss the radiographic signs and their usefulness in the
      differential diagnostic of periosteal reaction.

PMID- 3404510
TI  - [Descending quasi-axial projection of the disk during discography. Principles].
AB  - The authors describe a new view of the discography comparable to the axial CT
      imaging of the disc, so they used the name of "quasi-axial" view. They point the
      landmarks of this new picture.

PMID- 3404511
TI  - Quality assurance measures in cytopathology.

PMID- 3404512
TI  - Simultaneously occurring condylomata acuminata, carcinoma in situ and verrucous
      carcinoma of the vulva and carcinoma in situ of the cervix in a young woman. A
      case report.
AB  - A case of simultaneously occurring condylomata acuminata, carcinoma in situ and
      verrucous carcinoma of the vulva and carcinoma in situ of the cervix was seen in
      a 26-year-old woman. In situ DNA hybridization on sections of the condyloma
      acuminata and verrucous carcinoma yielded DNA sequences for human papillomavirus
      6.

PMID- 3404513
TI  - Two distinct pathologic types of giant cell tumor of the vulva. A report of two
      cases.
AB  - Giant cell carcinoma of the vulva has been described as a distinctive primary
      tumor of the vulva associated with multinucleated tumor giant cells and nuclear
      pleomorphism. These tumors have been reported to have a poorer prognosis than
      does squamous cell carcinoma, to which they are thought to be related. Two women
      were treated for primary vulvar malignancies possessing the morphologic features
      of giant cell tumor. Electron microscopy was not beneficial in distinguishing the
      tumors. A panel of immunoperoxidase procedures, including AE 1/3, 35 beta H-11,
      carcinoembryonic antigen, epithelial membrane antigen, HMB-45, S-100, leukocyte
      common antigen, placentalike alkaline phosphatase, alpha-1-antichymotrypsin and
      vimentin made it possible to distinguish the two tumors and characterized one as
      a nodular amelanotic melanoma with multinucleate tumor giant cells and the second
      as a squamous cell carcinoma with tumor giant cells. The latter term should
      replace the term giant cell carcinoma. Histologic criteria can help define this
      tumor.

PMID- 3404514
TI  - Colposcopic findings in women with vulvar pain syndromes. A preliminary report.
AB  - Of 105 women referred for vulvar discomfort, 77 had idiopathic vulvodynia (pain,
      dyspareunia, burning or pruritus not explicable by a standard diagnosis).
      Physical examination showed that patients with those complaints fell into one of
      two categories: (1) diffuse, irritative acetowhitening of both the cutaneous and
      mucosal surfaces (42 patients), and (2) painful vestibular erythema, with or
      without acetowhitening (35 patients). The physical findings appeared to be
      predictive of therapeutic response. Among women with only diffuse, irritative
      acetowhitening, low-dose topical 5 fluorouracil was about 75% effective in milder
      cases, while CO2 laser photovaporization controlled 77% of cases with moderate
      and severe symptomatology. In contrast, medical regimens succeeded in just 8% of
      women with painful vestibular erythema, and only 59% were cured by hymenal
      resection. Several of the remaining cases have responded to selective argon laser
      photocoagulation of the hyperemic blood vessels within symptomatic areas.

PMID- 3404515
TI  - Cellular atypia in vulvar dystrophies.
AB  - We studied the frequency and distribution of cellular atypia in 448 cases of
      vulvar dystrophy. The total frequency was 9.4%. Atypia was found almost
      exclusively in hyperplastic areas. Epithelial changes suggestive of human
      papillomavirus infection were found in 14.2% of the atypical dystrophies. During
      the follow-up of 78 patients with typical dystrophy, mild atypia developed in
      three cases, but with the continuation of medical treatment it disappeared in two
      cases. Eleven cases of atypical dystrophy were followed for 3-48 months; three
      patients with severe atypia underwent surgical treatment, and eight with mild
      atypia underwent medical treatment. Among the last patients, six showed
      regression and two, progression of the atypia.

PMID- 3404516
TI  - Local steroid application for hyperplastic dystrophy of the vulva. Clinical and
      pathologic evaluation.
AB  - Fifteen women complaining of vulvar pruritus of at least three months' duration
      were evaluated clinically and noted to have white lesions of the vulva consistent
      with hyperplastic dystrophy. Histologic evaluation confirmed the diagnosis, and
      all the patients were treated with local application of halocidine cream and
      crotamiton cream. After six weeks of therapy a repeat clinical and histologic
      evaluation revealed 13 of the 15 patients to be completely relieved of the vulvar
      pruritus, and 12 of the 13 were histologically demonstrated to have complete
      reversal of the hyperplastic process to normal skin. The other two denied any
      improvement in their pruritus and were histologically noted to have persistence
      of the hyperplastic process. A good clinical and histologic correlation was noted
      following local steroid application in patients with histologically proven
      hyperplastic dystrophy.

PMID- 3404517
TI  - Malignant potential of mixed vulvar dystrophy (lichen sclerosus associated with
      squamous cell hyperplasia).
AB  - Fifty women whose clinical vulvar appearance was compatible with that of
      hyperplastic or mixed vulvar dystrophy were evaluated in the Vulvovaginal
      Referral Unit, University of Florida, from 1980 through 1986. Histologic material
      from biopsies performed on these patients was reviewed. The histologic picture
      was consistent with the clinical diagnosis in 33 cases. Fifteen patients had
      lichen sclerosus with various degrees of hyperkeratosis, while one had human
      papillomavirus-associated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia and another had only
      mild chronic inflammation. Three patients in the mixed dystrophy group developed
      squamous carcinoma of the vulva. Women with squamous cell hyperplasia occurring
      in a background of lichen sclerosus (mixed dystrophy) constitute a distinct group
      at higher risk of developing invasive cancer and require histologic assessment.

PMID- 3404518
TI  - Vulvar dystrophies in young and premenopausal women.
AB  - Eighty-six cases of vulvar dystrophy in young and premenopausal women (age range,
      6-53 years) were studied clinically and histopathologically. The most frequent
      symptom was pruritus associated with burning. Clinical examination showed the
      presence of white areas in 73% of the patients, red areas in 9% and other signs
      (such as melanosis) in 18%. Hyperplastic dystrophy was the most frequent type of
      dystrophy in these patients and was observed in 63% of cases. Cellular atypia was
      observed in 9.8% of the cases and was found almost exclusively in hyperplastic
      dystrophy. Epithelial changes suggestive of human papillomavirus infection were
      found in 4 of the 86 cases of dystrophy, and they were observed only in atypical
      dystrophies.

PMID- 3404519
TI  - Ovulation induction with clomiphene citrate in a women with premature ovarian
      failure. A case report.
AB  - Ovulation induction was achieved in a woman with premature ovarian failure using
      a regimen of high-dose clomiphene citrate in combination with prednisone and oral
      micronized estradiol-17 beta.

PMID- 3404521
TI  - Viruses and neuropsychiatric disorders.

PMID- 3404520
TI  - Tubal pregnancy associated with a benign cystic teratoma of the fallopian tube. A
      case report.
AB  - A benign teratoma of the fallopian tube occurred in association with a tubal
      pregnancy. This rare finding should be considered when two masses are present
      within a fallopian tube.

PMID- 3404522
TI  - Sexually transmitted diseases today.

PMID- 3404523
TI  - Kallmann's syndrome.

PMID- 3404524
TI  - The youth of the world: have they lost their way?

PMID- 3404525
TI  - Magnetic resonance muscle studies: implications for psychiatry.

PMID- 3404526
TI  - Postviral fatigue syndrome: persistence of enterovirus RNA in muscle and elevated
      creatine kinase.
AB  - Enterovirus-specific probes have been prepared by reverse transcription of
      conserved sequences in purified Coxsackie B2 virus genomic RNA and molecular
      cloning techniques. These probes were used in quantitative slot blot
      hybridizations to test for the presence of enterovirus-specific RNA in skeletal
      muscle biopsy specimens from 96 patients who had suffered from the postviral
      fatigue syndrome myalgic encephalomyelitis for up to 20 years. Biopsy specimens
      from 20 patients were positive for the presence of virus-specific RNA with
      hybridization signals more than three standard deviations greater than the mean
      of the normal muscle controls. Biopsies from the remaining 76 patients were
      indistinguishable from the controls. These data show that enterovirus RNA is
      present in skeletal muscle of some patients with postviral fatigue syndrome up to
      20 years after onset of disease and suggest that a persistent virus infection has
      an aetiological role.

PMID- 3404527
TI  - Eye care and the medical student: where should emphasis be placed in
      undergraduate ophthalmology?
AB  - The views of three groups of British doctors on the content and duration of an
      undergraduate ophthalmology course were identified by means of a questionnaire.
      Non-ophthalmic hospital consultants considered the duration of a course should be
      approximately two weeks shorter than general practitioners and ophthalmologists.
      There were also significant differences in opinion between ophthalmologists and
      the other two groups on course content, but results indicated that emphasis
      should be placed on topics involving the identification of treatable sight
      threatening conditions, and the primary eye care function of recognition and
      management of common external eye disorders.

PMID- 3404528
TI  - Selective dysacusis--a preliminary report.
AB  - The symptom of poor speech discrimination in the presence of background noise is
      a well-recognized feature of elevated hearing thresholds due to cochlear damage.
      Similar symptoms occasionally occur in patients with no detectable audiological
      abnormality. In a study to evaluate the frequency selectivity of such patients
      consistent abnormalities were found using an electrophysiological technique based
      on extratympanic electrocochleography. These findings indicated that frequency
      specific responsiveness of the cochlea may be affected before conventional
      behavioural tests reveal abnormalities. This syndrome has been described as
      selective dysacusis.

PMID- 3404529
TI  - Ulcerative colitis associated with Kallmann's syndrome.

PMID- 3404530
TI  - Finnish type congenital nephrotic syndrome in twins: presentation with pyloric
      stenosis.

PMID- 3404531
TI  - A case of plastic bronchitis.

PMID- 3404532
TI  - Chronic muscle contraction headache: the importance of depression and anxiety.

PMID- 3404534
TI  - Euthyroid hyperthyroxinaemia.

PMID- 3404533
TI  - Familial hypercholesterolemia.

PMID- 3404535
TI  - Haematuria analysed--a prospective study.

PMID- 3404536
TI  - AIDS: public panic.

PMID- 3404537
TI  - Selling screening.

PMID- 3404538
TI  - General practitioner referral of patients with lower gastrointestinal symptoms.

PMID- 3404539
TI  - Mixed blood feeding by the malaria vectors in the Anopheles punctulatus complex
      (Diptera: Culicidae).

PMID- 3404540
TI  - Reduced abundance of immature Ixodes dammini (Acari: Ixodidae) following
      elimination of deer.

PMID- 3404541
TI  - Feeding-site selection of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae) on mice
      infected with Leishmania mexicana amazonensis.

PMID- 3404543
TI  - Hybrid male sterility in crosses between field and laboratory strains of
      Anopheles quadrimaculatus (Say) (Diptera: Culicidae).

PMID- 3404542
TI  - Cholinesterase insensitivity: a mechanism of resistance in Mexican strains of
      Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) against coumaphos.

PMID- 3404544
TI  - Borrelia burgdorferi in tick cell culture: growth and cellular adherence.

PMID- 3404545
TI  - Vector competence of Senegalese Aedes fowleri (Diptera: Culicidae) for Rift
      Valley fever virus.

PMID- 3404546
TI  - Late-season activity of pteromalid (Hymenoptera) parasites of filth flies
      (Diptera: Muscidae) in eastern Nebraska.

PMID- 3404547
TI  - Abundance, attachment sites, and density estimators of lone star ticks (Acari:
      Ixodidae) infesting white-tailed deer.

PMID- 3404548
TI  - Deer ticks, Ixodes dammini (Acari: Ixodidae), and Lyme disease spirochetes,
      Borrelia burgdorferi, in Maine.

PMID- 3404549
TI  - The problem with glaucoma.

PMID- 3404550
TI  - Health manpower today and future implications.

PMID- 3404551
TI  - A review of surgical alternatives to medical therapy for glaucoma.
AB  - Results of four uncontrolled studies, with short-term follow-up, of argon laser
      trabeculoplasty (ALT) as initial treatment for various open-angle glaucomas
      indicate short-term success varies from 65 to 90 percent. The success rates are
      less impressive when the definition of success, usually intraocular pressure 22
      mmHg or less, and the short follow-up, usually limited to months, are considered.
      The ongoing, multicenter, random-assignment, controlled Glaucoma Laser Trial in
      the United States will provide additional information about short- and long-term
      follow-up of primary ALT that will clarify the accuracy of the results of these
      preliminary trials.Results of another study suggest that initial filtering
      surgery is as effective at controlling intraocular pressure and preserving visual
      function as medical treatment for newly diagnosed glaucoma. All these clinical
      studies are difficult to interpret and suffer from the lack of data analysis
      using the life-table method. The comparatively low rate of long-term success of
      ALT for open-angle glaucoma performed after failure of medical management,
      particularly in blacks, cautions that ALT may not be a good substitute for
      medications or filtering surgery in newly diagnosed glaucoma.

PMID- 3404552
TI  - Design of a pilot study of glaucoma in Barbados.
AB  - In Barbados, West Indies, open-angle glaucoma is a major cause of blindness,
      presenting early and with advanced visual loss. This report describes the design
      of a pilot project that evaluated the feasibility of an epidemiologic study to
      measure glaucoma prevalence and ascertain risk factors in this population. A
      major goal of the pilot project was to test the proposed sampling and recruitment
      methods for the larger study. The pilot project identified a random national
      sample of 300 persons >= 35 years, 100 from each of three geographic strata, who
      were invited to participate in a comprehensive interview and ophthalmologic
      examination. Because the pilot study was still ongoing at the time of this
      report, data are available only on the first 172 persons in the sample; 88
      percent of those contacted were eligible for the study and 97 percent agreed to
      participate without any differential participation by geographic area.
      Preliminary data on the first 170 persons examined show that 20 to 25 percent of
      participants had best corrected visual acuity of 20/40 or worse; about 10 percent
      had intraocular pressure >21 mmHg; over 20 percent had cup-disc ratios of >=0.5;
      and ten persons had open-angle glaucoma.

PMID- 3404554
TI  - Ideology and violence prevention.
AB  - Interpersonal violence is a major problem in US society in terms of the death and
      destruction it causes, the fear it generates, and the attention it receives. A
      recent trend has been to regard the problem of violence as an epidemic and to
      shape ideas of violence prevention according to public-health formulations. This
      process does not take into account the ideological nature of the proposed
      violence-prevention measures. Problems arise because this ideology is relevant to
      the potential effectiveness of violence prevention.This paper delineates several
      ideological issues involved in violence prevention and discusses how they
      interact with frequently employed public-health prevention strategies. Based upon
      this discussion, a general perspective for violence prevention is proposed and
      guiding principles that emerge from this perspective are presented.

PMID- 3404553
TI  - Type A behavior and black physicians: the Meharry Cohort Study.
AB  - A group of 261 black, male physicians was examined for the prevalence of Type A
      behavior and other sociomedical correlates.Type A behavior, as measured by the
      Jenkins Activity Survey (JAS), was collected together with type of practice
      specialty, blood pressure, weight, and height. Type A behavior tended to vary by
      physician practice specialty. The job involvement subscale correlated
      significantly with blood pressure but total JAS and other JAS subscale
      measurements did not. The job-involvement relationship with blood pressure
      parallels James's finding in lower socioeconomic status blacks. Type A behavior
      was not found to be related to hypertension but did tend to favor leanness.

PMID- 3404555
TI  - Long-term effects of a lifestyle-change obesity treatment program with
      minorities.
AB  - OBESITY AND A SEDENTARY LIFESTYLE PLACES AMERICANS IN GENERAL, AND MINORITIES IN
      PARTICULAR, AT RISK FOR A NUMBER OF CHRONIC HEALTH PROBLEMS: cardiovascular and
      cerebrovascular disease, diabetes, and hypertension, to name a few. It is
      therefore concluded that walking or other energy-expending activities and a
      sensible diet are not only an efficient weight-loss approach, but the most
      effective long-term weight maintenance approach available to date. Moreover, the
      potential for enhanced psychological well-being, increased health benefits, and
      reduced risk factors is also far greater with diet and exercise than with diet
      alone.Practitioners concerned with improving the overall health status of obese
      minorities would be well advised to remember that dieting is a depriving
      experience, while walking and other aerobic activities can be an exhilarating
      experience that gives the obese individual another degree of freedom.

PMID- 3404556
TI  - Contribution of intestinal flora to surgical infections.
AB  - Postoperative septic complications related to intestinal injury are regulated by
      a complex group of factors, including intestinal microflora, site of injury,
      surgical procedures used, and the type of antimicrobial therapy; however, a large
      number of yet-to-be understood factors also exist that influence septic morbidity
      associated with intestinal surgery. The authors present an overview of this
      serious complication of surgery.

PMID- 3404557
TI  - Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical investigations of the giant cells in
      nodular fasciitis.
AB  - The giant cells of histologically typical cases of nodular fasciitis were studied
      by electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry. Ultrastructurally, these cells
      were found to be similar to the adjacent spindle and large fibroblast-like cells
      in many ways. These giant cells exhibited numerous intracytoplasmic, well-formed
      longitudinally oriented bundles of myofilaments and hemi-desmosome-like
      structures with associated basement membrane-like material, abundant endoplasmic
      reticulum, and numerous dense bodies. The observed myofilaments did not show
      beading or Z-line formation. Immunohistochemical staining by means of the
      indirect peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique failed to localize the proven
      antigenic markers of histiocytes within the giant cells. The results support the
      concept that the giant cells in nodular fasciitis are of myofibroblastic origin.
      It is thus proposed that these giant cells are neither histiocytes nor
      rhabdomyoblasts as previously thought, but are rather modified fibroblasts
      ("myofibroblasts").

PMID- 3404559
TI  - Strangulated external abdominal wall hernia: experience with 53 cases in Port
      Harcourt, Nigeria.
AB  - External abdominal wall hernias located in the groin commonly affect the male
      population, and are the most frequent cause of mechanical small-and large-bowel
      obstructions seen in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. The mortality associated with
      gangrenous strangulations of these hernias is quite high (29.4 percent), as
      revealed by this report. Early surgical intervention for strangulated hernias
      reduced this mortality to 0 percent for 34 patients who had ischemic, but viable,
      bowels at surgery.

PMID- 3404558
TI  - The need and value of breast self-examination.
AB  - The incidence of breast cancer is higher for black women aged less than 40 years
      than for white women aged less than 40; however, both black and white women aged
      less than 35 years have the lowest breast cancer survival rates of all age
      groups. The issue of breast self-examination (BSE) efficacy has special
      implications for these women because the BSE and the clinical breast examination
      (CBE) are the only early detection techniques recommended to them. Breast self
      examination is even more important for black women because CBE might not be
      accessible to them for economic or other reasons.Studies relating BSE practice to
      tumor stage were reviewed. Most of the evidence was favorable, although it was
      not obtained with the most scientific methodologic approach. The negative
      evidence, on the other hand, came from studies with additional methodologic and
      conceptual problems, and should have little impact when evaluating BSE
      efficacy.Competence of performance has been shown to affect the efficacy of the
      self-examination. Most studies on BSE value, however, did not assess the
      examiner's competence. Because data obtained elsewhere show that most women
      performing BSE do not perform it competently, the significance of the positive
      evidence on BSE value is heightened. Most breast tumors are self-discovered, and
      encouraging competent BSE performance will give more women better means to
      discover tumors earlier.

PMID- 3404560
TI  - The evaluation of elderly patients by a psychiatric emergency service.
AB  - A retrospective descriptive study of older patients evaluated by the psychiatric
      emergency service (PES) of a general hospital was implemented. The medical
      records of all patients aged 65 years and older evaluated by the PES during the
      1980 calendar year were reviewed. Seventy-four patients were identified, 38 male
      and 36 female. Forty-three percent of the sample had no medical problems, 59
      percent had a prior psychiatric history, and 38 percent had a diagnosis of
      organic brain syndrome. After their evaluation, 43 percent of these older
      patients were discharged home with a referral for outpatient treatment. In
      contrast to prior studies, only 35 percent of the sample were taking two or more
      psychoactive medications. Only two patients were referred for evaluation from
      skilled nursing homes.

PMID- 3404561
TI  - Effect of rapid weight loss with supplemented fasting on serum electrolytes,
      lipids, and blood pressure.
AB  - The effect of rapid weight reduction with supplemented fasting was studied in a
      group of 46 individuals with moderate to severe obesity. The preparation used
      contained a mixture of protein, carbohydrate, and essential fatty acids providing
      420 kcal daily. It was supplemented with a complement of electrolytes, minerals,
      and vitamins.Serum concentrations of electrolytes, urea nitrogen, creatinine,
      uric acid, glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides were measured prior to the
      onset of the study and at two-week intervals for a six-week study period. In
      addition, blood pressure, heart rate, and body weight were recorded regularly. A
      mild and transient fall in serum bicarbonate concentration and a rise in uric
      acid level was observed.In contrast to other regimens, hypokalemia was not
      observed in the present study. In fact, serum K+ concentration rose slightly
      while serum Na+ concentration remained virtually unchanged. There was a transient
      rise in serum creatinine concentration followed by a fall to values below the
      baseline. Serum glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride levels, blood pressure, and
      heart rate decreased significantly. Body weight fell from 232.7 +/- 58 lb at the
      onset of the study to 176.4 +/- 47.9 lb at the conclusion of the study.The
      protocol was well tolerated and the side effects were mild and infrequent. In
      conclusion, the present protocol provides a safe and effective means for rapid
      weight reduction in individuals with moderate to marked obesity without producing
      severe electrolyte disturbances seen with other modalities.

PMID- 3404562
TI  - Eye health.
AB  - The status of eye care in the Caribbean is discussed. Methods of primary eye care
      providers at all levels from primary to tertiary in the region are presented
      against a background of the major causes of blindness, cataract, glaucoma, and
      diabetic retinopathy. Epidemiological surveys examining prevalence, risk factors,
      and intervention programs are being undertaken.

PMID- 3404563
TI  - Emergency computerized tomography of tracheoesophageal fistula in lung
      adenocarcinoma.
AB  - Malignant tracheoesophageal fistula occurs infrequently in patients with
      irradiated esophageal and lung cancer, uncommonly in patients with untreated
      mediastinal malignancies, infection, or trauma, and rarely in primary
      adenocarcinoma of the lung. The natural progression of this entity leads to rapid
      deterioration and death from overwhelming pulmonary infection.Definitive
      treatment depends on the demonstration and localization of the fistula.
      Computerized tomography (CT) chest scanning with dilute oral contrast is the
      ideal means of identification of the fistula. CT scanning without contrast may
      outline sufficiently the pathology to avoid the usage and side effects of
      contrast media in the lungs.A review of one case of tracheoesophageal fistula due
      to pulmonary adenocarcinoma is presented where emergency CT scanning without
      contrast resulted in rapid and accurate diagnosis, leading to prompt and
      appropriate management.

PMID- 3404564
TI  - Nosocomial and community-acquired infections in malnourished children.
AB  - A total of 206 community-acquired and 73 nosocomial infections in 50 malnourished
      Jamaican children were studied prospectively. Predominant community-acquired
      infections in the 50 children, included gastroenteritis (68%), otitis media
      (60%), rhinopharyngitis (60%), oral candidiasis (46%), skin infections (40%),
      pneumonia (28%), bacteraemia (24%) and bacteriuria (18%). The most frequent
      nosocomial infections were rhinopharyngitis (34%), lower respiratory tract
      infections (24%) and septicaemia (18%). In those infections where an aetiological
      agent was identified, Giardia lamblia was the commonest enteric pathogen,
      Staphylococcus epidermidis, the most frequent blood culture isolate and
      Klebsiella sp. were recovered from the majority of urines. The lack of clinical
      signs and symptoms and atypical clinical presentation in some infected
      malnourished children were attributed to impairment of the acute inflammatory
      response. Diagnosis of infection in these children required a high index of
      suspicion and a comprehensive screening system. Nasal, throat and axilla swabs
      taken on admission revealed significant colonization with coliforms and
      pneumococcus; however, these swabs were not useful as indicators of potentially
      infective organisms. Four of the 50 children died and two of these deaths were
      attributed to infection.

PMID- 3404565
TI  - Rift Valley fever in Egypt 1986. Surveillance of sheep flocks grazing in the
      northeast Nile Delta.
AB  - From October 1985 through November 1986, 1714 presumably unvaccinated sheep in 13
      nomadic flocks located in four provinces in Dakahliya Governorate, in the
      northeast Nile Delta, were ear tagged and monitored for acquisition of Rift
      Valley fever virus (RVFV) antibodies. Sheep were bled at approximately 3 month
      intervals and sera were tested for haemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibodies
      to RVFV. HI reactors were tested for RVFV specific IgM antibody by enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and neutralizing antibody to RVFV by plaque reduction
      neutralization (PRN) tests. Base line results showed 1.2% prevalence of HI
      antibody to RVFV with titres from 1:20 to 1:320. All HI positive sera were PRN
      positive through PRN titres were generally higher than HI titres. No RVFV
      specific IgM antibody was detected in the HI and PRN positive sera. Throughout
      the study, no initially seronegative sheep became positive and no HI positive
      sheep showed an appreciable increase above initial antibody titre. These data
      indicate absence of RVFV transmission to sheep in Dakahliya Governorate during
      the period of the study.

PMID- 3404566
TI  - Characterization of Campylobacter strains isolated in Bangladesh from different
      sources.
AB  - Campylobacters have been isolated in Bangladesh from patients with
      gastroenteritis, from healthy individuals and animals. A total of 180
      Campylobacter isolates, 100 from patients with gastroenteritis reporting to
      International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh hospitals, 50
      from asymptomatic carriers and the other 30 from domestic animals of the index
      cases have been characterized following standard procedures available. All
      isolates tested have been confirmed as Campylobacter jejuni. Irrespective of
      their source of isolation, Campylobacter isolates showed identical biochemical
      behaviours. All isolates showed thermophilic characteristics of jejuni/coli
      group. None of the isolates grew at 25 degrees C. Uniform sensitivity to
      nalidixic acid, metronidazole, 2, 3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride, resistance
      to cephalothin was observed; H2S production in all isolates by different methods
      was confirmed. All isolates from different sources confirmed to be C. jejuni;
      none of the isolates, even from the animal source could be characterized as C.
      coli.

PMID- 3404567
TI  - Aluminium phosphide poisoning.
AB  - Aluminium phosphide is a poison being extensively used all over the world as a
      preservative of foodgrains. Its lethal effects on human beings are being
      increasingly seen. We report our experiences with 15 cases seen in a period of 2
      years. All these patients had severe toxic effects such as shock, cardiac
      arrhythmias, pulmonary oedema and renal failure. Seven patients survived. Early
      recognition and management of this poison is essential.

PMID- 3404568
TI  - The management of diarrhoea in young children in a rural community in Zambia.
AB  - Among 64 mothers in two villages in a rural Zambian population who reported
      childhood diarrhoea, 41 (64%) sought treatment from a health centre or clinic.
      Among these, 22 (54%) were given oral rehydration salts (ORS) and 19 (46%) were
      given medications other than ORS. Among the 23 who did not attend a health
      centre, 14 gave home remedies which included salt and sugar solution, of which,
      in five, the medicines used were from traditional healers. Overall, 43 (67.2%) of
      the mothers used some fluids as the first line of treatment. The fluids were
      infrequently given and in almost all instances, irrespective of the source of the
      fluid, no more than 15 ml were given over a 24 h period. Furthermore, among the
      mothers who used fluids, 28 (65.1%) reported stopping the fluids completely if
      the child vomited. None of the mothers however reported completely withdrawing
      food from the children. Age and educational level of the mother were not
      significant factors (P greater than 0.05). These findings suggest that education
      of mothers on home management of diarrhoea and the proper use of ORS needs to be
      re-emphasized and health care personnel need to be fully conversant with
      currently recommended methods for treatment of childhood diarrhoea.

PMID- 3404569
TI  - Iron deficiency is uncommon in healthy Hong Kong infants at 18 months.

PMID- 3404570
TI  - Socio-economic, dietary, and cultural factors associated with diarrhoeal disease
      in Trinidad and Tobago.

PMID- 3404571
TI  - Soyabean, goitre, and prevention.

PMID- 3404572
TI  - Neonatal listeriosis--report of nine cases from Kuwait.

PMID- 3404573
TI  - An integrated nutrition-primary health programme.

PMID- 3404574
TI  - Halvah in supplementary feeding programmes for refugees.

PMID- 3404575
TI  - Malnutrition and diarrhoea in Nepal.

PMID- 3404576
TI  - Kinetics of heart rate responses to exercise.
AB  - In order to describe the kinetics of the reaction of the heart rate (HR) to the
      onset of exercise of constant intensity, the half-time (t1/2) of HR can be used.
      First in a study of exercise of intensity corresponding to 2 W kg-1 on a cycle
      ergometer, the t1/2 in 15 trained male rowers and 11 untrained male students was
      determined. In the trained subjects t1/2 was smaller than in untrained students,
      mean (+/- S.D.) values being 24.10 (+/- 3.36) s and 47.12 (+/- 4.08) s
      respectively. In both groups t1/2 was positively correlated with resting HR, r =
      0.774 and 0.846 and negatively correlated with maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), r
      = -0.728 and -0.871 respectively (P less than 0.01). The regulation of HR in the
      transition range was concluded to be very similar to the regulation of VO2 and
      energy requirements. The second part of this work was concerned with responses to
      graded exercise. The linearity of the HR-exercise intensity relationship is
      maintained up to a submaximal exercise intensity beyond which the increase in
      exercise intensity exceeds the increase in HR. It was hypothesized that the point
      where HR departs from linearity in an incremental exercise test may be employed
      as a predictor of the ventilatory threshold (Tvent). To examine this, 28 trained
      male long-distance runners were tested on a treadmill and 17 untrained young male
      subjects were tested on a cycle ergometer using a continuous incremental
      protocol. The Tvent was determined from the dependence of VE on VO2 and/or VCO2.
      The VO2, HR and exercise intensity at Tvent were compared with the same
      parameters determined from the dependence of HR on exercise intensity. No
      significant differences were found between Tvent and HR break point levels. It
      was concluded from this second study that the HR break point level coincides with
      Tvent.

PMID- 3404577
TI  - The effects of anxiety upon psychomotor performance.
AB  - This paper describes an experiment which examined the effects of anxiety on
      choice reaction time and movement time. A balanced repeated measures design was
      adopted in which eight female subjects performed a six-choice visual reaction
      task in 'no anxiety' and 'anxiety' conditions. The anxiety condition required
      subjects to jump from a balcony 15 feet (4.57 m) into a foam-filled pit below.
      Subjects in the anxiety condition demonstrated significantly higher levels of
      cognitive anxiety and longer reaction times than those in the no anxiety
      condition. The analysis of the reaction time data also revealed a significant
      interaction between anxiety and block. No significant effects emerged in the case
      of movement time.

PMID- 3404578
TI  - Antenatal diagnosis of fetal patent urachus.

PMID- 3404579
TI  - Evidence that the matrix protein of influenza C virus is coded for by a spliced
      mRNA.
AB  - In contrast to influenza A and B viruses, which encode their matrix (M) proteins
      via an unspliced mRNA, the influenza C virus M protein appears to be coded for by
      a spliced mRNA from RNA segment 6. Although an open reading frame in RNA segment
      6 of influenza C/JJ/50 virus could potentially code for a protein of 374 amino
      acids, a splicing event results in an mRNA coding for a 242-amino-acid M protein.
      The message for this protein represents the major M gene-specific mRNA species in
      C virus-infected cells. Despite the difference in coding strategies, there are
      sequence homologies among the M proteins of influenza A, B, and C viruses which
      confirm the evolutionary relationship of the three influenza virus types.

PMID- 3404580
TI  - Assembly-dependent maturation cleavage in provirions of a small icosahedral
      insect ribovirus.
AB  - Extracts from nodavirus-infected Drosophila cells contained detergent-labile 140S
      "young" particles much richer than mature virions in their content of protein
      alpha, a precursor of coat proteins beta and gamma. Incorporation studies in
      infected cells showed that most newly synthesized alpha protein was assembled
      into young particles within a few minutes. Incubation of the particles, either in
      cytoplasmic extracts or after purification, resulted in spontaneous first-order
      cleavage of alpha protein to form beta-plus-gamma chains. Alpha protein that was
      not associated with particles failed to cleave. Cleavage was accompanied by a
      marked increase in detergent stability of the particles and was unaffected by a
      broad spectrum of protease inhibitors or by coating with precipitating antibody.
      We conclude (i) that alpha chains are cleaved only after assembly into
      provirions, (ii) that cleavage occurs internally and is likely therefore
      autocatalytic, and (iii) that cleavage stabilizes the mature virus particles.

PMID- 3404581
TI  - Sensitization of transformed rat fibroblasts to killing by parvovirus minute
      virus of mice correlates with an increase in viral gene expression.
AB  - Cultures of established rat fibroblasts transformed by the avian erythroblastosis
      virus were more susceptible to the cytopathic effect of the autonomous parvovirus
      minute virus of mice, prototype strain (MVMp), than were their untransformed
      homologs. This effect could be ascribed to the presence of a greater fraction of
      cells that were sensitive to the killing action of MVMp in transformed cultures
      than in their normal parents. Yet, transformed and normal lines were similarly
      efficient in virus uptake, DNA amplification, and capsid protein synthesis. In
      contrast, transformants accumulated 2.5- to 3-fold greater amounts of all three
      major MVM mRNA species and nonstructural protein than did their normal
      progenitors. Thus, in this system transformation-associated sensitization of
      cells to MVMp appears to correlate primarily with an increase in their capacity
      for the expression of the viral transcription unit which encodes nonstructural
      proteins and is controlled by the P4 promoter. Consistently, a reporter gene was
      expressed at a higher level by transformed versus normal cultures, when placed
      under the control of the MVM P4 promoter. As infectious MVMp was produced in
      larger amounts by transformed cultures, a late step of the parvoviral cycle, such
      as synthesis, encapsidation of progeny DNA, or both, was also stimulated in the
      transformed cells.

PMID- 3404584
TI  - NCI seeks to boost study participation.

PMID- 3404582
TI  - DNA-binding activity of hepatitis B e antigen polypeptide lacking the
      protaminelike sequence of nucleocapsid protein of human hepatitis B virus.
AB  - The characteristics of binding of hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) and hepatitis
      B e antigen (HBeAg) polypeptides to hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA were analyzed.
      HBcAg polypeptide from recombinant HBV core particles and HBeAg polypeptide from
      partially purified serum HBeAg were prepared and verified to have molecular
      weights of 21,500 (P21.5) and of 17,000 (P17) and 18,000 (P18), respectively, by
      immunoblot analysis. By reaction of these proteins on a nitrocellulose membrane
      with cloned 32P-HBV DNA, it was revealed that the HBeAg polypeptide, which lacks
      the C-terminal 34 amino acids of P21.5, as well as the HBcAg polypeptide, bound
      to the DNA. The secondary structures of nucleocapsid proteins of HBV, woodchuck
      hepatitis virus, and ground squirrel hepatitis virus were predicted by the
      Garnier algorithm. Amino acid sequences which, in addition to those of the C
      terminal regions, may contribute to binding were proposed to be the 21-amino-acid
      residues located at amino acids 100 to 120 of the nucleocapsid proteins of these
      hepadnaviruses.

PMID- 3404585
TI  - Five high-priority studies.

PMID- 3404586
TI  - Political campaign pinpoints 'stigma hurdle' facing nation's mental health
      community.

PMID- 3404583
TI  - Thymidylate synthase gene of herpesvirus ateles.
AB  - The putative thymidylate synthase (TS) gene of herpesvirus ateles, a T
      lymphotropic tumor virus of New World primates, has a single large open reading
      frame encoding a polypeptide of 32.9 kilodaltons. The gene is transcribed into an
      unspliced 2.4-kilobase mRNA that is abundantly expressed late in virus
      replication. The AT-rich 5' untranslated leader sequence of TS mRNA in
      herpesvirus ateles-infected cells is remarkable in length (1,184 nucleotides),
      containing 29 minicistrons; this may indicate a role in translation regulation.

PMID- 3404587
TI  - Artificial insemination faces regulation, testing of donor semen, other measures.

PMID- 3404588
TI  - Follow-up report on AIDS commission recommendations goes to President soon.

PMID- 3404589
TI  - From the Assistant Secretary for Health.

PMID- 3404590
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Influenza--United States, 1986-87 season.

PMID- 3404591
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Childhood chloroquine poisonings--Wisconsin and Washington.

PMID- 3404592
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Tornado disaster--Texas.

PMID- 3404593
TI  - The alteration of physicians' orders by nonphysicians.

PMID- 3404594
TI  - Precautions when lightning strikes during the monsoon: the effect of ozone on
      condoms.

PMID- 3404595
TI  - Incidence of snakebite in wilderness rescue.

PMID- 3404596
TI  - The diagnosis and treatment of depression in the old.

PMID- 3404598
TI  - Epicene pronouns--obliterate, slash, or pluralize?

PMID- 3404597
TI  - Paternalism, family duties, and my aunt Maude.

PMID- 3404599
TI  - MCAT: picayune or malevolent?

PMID- 3404600
TI  - The association between genital ulcer disease and acquisition of HIV infection in
      homosexual men.
AB  - We analyzed the association of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection and syphilis,
      the two most common causes of genital ulceration in homosexual men, with human
      immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in 200 men enrolled between 1983 and 1986
      into a study evaluating the microbial causes of acute proctitis. Infection with
      HIV was independently associated with a history of syphilis, serologic evidence
      of syphilis, a history of HSV infection, and antibody to HSV-2. Antibody to HIV
      was not associated with a history of other genital infections or with antibody to
      Chlamydia trachomatis or HSV-1. Similar associations were observed in 111
      asymptomatic homosexuals seen for HIV screening. Men who presented with primary
      HSV proctitis had a lower prevalence of HIV antibody than those with preexisting
      HSV-2 antibody (44% vs 68%); this suggests that HSV-2 infection antedated HIV
      infection. These data suggest that genital ulcerative diseases are an important
      risk factor for the acquisition of HIV infection in homosexual men; measures
      directed at control of these diseases may reduce the transmission of HIV in this
      population.

PMID- 3404601
TI  - Mumps in the workplace. Further evidence of the changing epidemiology of a
      childhood vaccine-preventable disease.
AB  - The first documented mumps outbreak in the workplace took place between August
      and December of 1987, when 119 cases of mumps occurred among employees at three
      Chicago futures exchanges and their household contacts. Twenty-one patients
      developed 23 complications, and nine persons were hospitalized. Total direct and
      indirect economic costs associated with the outbreak were $120,738; the cost per
      case was $1473. Only three patients had written documentation of mumps
      immunization. The outbreak is consistent with the recent changing epidemiology of
      mumps and the increase in reported cases in the adolescent and young adult
      populations. Mumps vaccine was licensed in 1967, but its distribution was limited
      until 1977 when the Immunization Practices Advisory Committee of the US Public
      Health Service recommended it for universal use. As a result, a cohort of
      adolescents and young adults under-immunized against mumps and underexposed to
      disease is now entering the work force. Vaccination of susceptible employees
      could prevent the substantial health impact of mumps.

PMID- 3404602
TI  - Provision of health care for persons with developmental disabilities living in
      the community. The Morristown model.
AB  - Persons with developmental disabilities living in the community have a greater
      number and variety of health care needs than the average population of the same
      age and sex. The erroneous assumption that the generic health care system would
      be able to provide all necessary services to the large number of individuals
      recently transferred from state residential facilities to the community has
      proved to be an unexpected disappointment to human service policymakers. In an
      effort to remedy this situation, a program of health care services was
      established by the New Jersey Department of Human Services at a community
      teaching hospital to supplement the existing generic system of medical care.
      Within four years, the program had rapidly grown to provide care for 729 patients
      who had come to rely on the center for primary care, specialty medical and dental
      services, and medical case management. The demographic characteristics of this
      program are described as well as data on morbidity, service utilization, and
      special problems encountered when care was provided to this complex and medically
      underserved population.

PMID- 3404603
TI  - Stuttering.

PMID- 3404606
TI  - Medical care for adults with developmental disabilities.

PMID- 3404605
TI  - New York City's health care crisis: AIDS, the poor, and limited resources.

PMID- 3404604
TI  - Fatal food-induced anaphylaxis.
AB  - Fatal food-induced anaphylaxis is rarely reported. In 16 months, we identified
      seven such cases involving five males and two females, aged 11 to 43 years. All
      victims were atopic with multiple prior anaphylactic episodes after ingestion of
      the incriminated food (peanut, four; pecan, one; crab, one; fish, one). In six
      cases the allergenic food was ingested away from home. Factors contributing to
      the severity of individual reactions included denial of symptoms, concomitant
      intake of alcohol, reliance on oral antihistamines alone to treat symptoms, and
      adrenal suppression by chronic glucocorticoid therapy for coexisting asthma. In
      no case was epinephrine administered immediately after onset of symptoms.
      Premortem or postmortem serum samples were available from six victims; in each
      case elevated levels of IgE antibodies to the incriminated food were
      demonstrated. Food-sensitive individuals must self-administer epinephrine
      promptly at the first sign of systemic reaction. Emergency care providers should
      be aware of cricothyrotomy as a life-saving procedure.

PMID- 3404607
TI  - Evaluating the competence of health professionals.

PMID- 3404608
TI  - AMA--Fellowship and Residency Electronic Interactive Database Access (AMA
      FREIDA): a computerized residency selection tool.

PMID- 3404609
TI  - Undergraduate medical education.
AB  - There were 28,123 applicants to US medical schools for the 1987-1988 academic
      year, a 10% decrease from the 1986-1987 year. Of this number, 17,027 applicants
      were accepted by at least one school. First-year enrollment equaled 16,686
      students, of whom 639 students were repeating the first year. Thus, the number of
      first-time enrolled students was 16,047. This represents a decrease of 159 new
      entry students from the previous year. Over 46% of the students entering medical
      school in the 1987-1988 academic year had a premedical GPA of 3.50 or higher (on
      a four-point scale). Eighty-seven percent of US medical schools academically
      qualified candidates on the basis of noncognitive criteria. In the past five
      years the number of first-year white male students has decreased by 13.2%, while
      the number of black male students has decreased by 1% [corrected]. In the same
      period, the number of white female students increased by less than one tenth of
      1%, while the number of black female students has increased by 31.7%. The number
      of Asians or Pacific Islanders entering US medical schools has more than doubled:
      the percentage of male students increased by 106.5% and that of female students
      by 128.4%. The total number of students enrolled in 127 US medical schools in the
      1987-1988 year was 65,742; of this number, 22,539 (34.3%) were women. The
      estimated number of graduates in the 1987-1988 year was 15,947. The total
      enrollment of students from underrepresented ethnic/racial groups was 6955
      (10.6%), of which 4086 (6.2%) were blacks of non-Hispanic origin. The number of
      new-entry first-year students from underrepresented groups was 1776 (11.1%), of
      which 1063 (6.6%) were blacks. The number of full-time medical school faculty
      members was 66,798; another 130,437 were part-time and volunteer faculty members.
      The average time needed to complete the curriculum requirements leading to the MD
      degree is 152 weeks. Twenty-two medical schools offered a combined college
      medical school program. The length of these combined programs averaged 256 weeks.
      The number of schools offering a Fifth Pathway program has decreased, and the
      number of applicants for these programs has also declined. The net attrition
      rate, which excludes students who withdrew temporarily to pursue advanced study
      or research, has remained at about 2%. Students dismissed because of poor
      academic standing represent 16% of the total student attrition.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3404610
TI  - US medical school finances.

PMID- 3404611
TI  - Graduate medical education in the United States.
AB  - 1. The annual surveys of residency programs on which this report is based have
      had a response rate higher than 90% for the past five years. 2. The count of
      available residency positions is a fluid entity and seems to be dependent on many
      factors, including funding and the number of qualified candidates seen by program
      directors. 3. The number of GY-1 positions has not changed significantly over the
      past three years. The number of reported unfilled positions, including GY-1
      unfilled positions, has increased each year since 1985. The total number of
      residents on duty decreased in 1985 but increased in 1986 and in 1987. This
      increase is due mainly to the number of residents on duty in the new internal
      medicine and pediatric subspecialty programs. 4. The number of new-entry (GY-1)
      residents decreased in 1985, 1986, and 1987. 5. Thirty-nine percent of residents
      were training in family practice, internal medicine, or pediatrics. 6. The number
      and percentage of women in residency programs continue to increase, as they have
      for the past several years. 7. The percentage of foreign medical graduate
      residents decreased slightly to 15.6% in 1987. 8. The number of black non
      Hispanic residents increased in 1987, although the percentage of black residents
      remained about the same. 9. The number of graduates of osteopathic medical
      schools in ACGME programs has increased 59% since 1985. 10. The number of
      institutions involved in graduate medical education has not changed significantly
      over the past three years, although the number of institutions that are not
      hospitals has increased since 1983. Ninety percent of all types of institutions
      have some type of affiliation with a US medical school.

PMID- 3404612
TI  - Continuing medical education.

PMID- 3404613
TI  - Medical education programs sponsored by governmental agencies.

PMID- 3404614
TI  - Transitions in medical education.

PMID- 3404616
TI  - Are medical students changing?

PMID- 3404615
TI  - AMA-MSS national AIDS project.

PMID- 3404617
TI  - Kleenex.

PMID- 3404618
TI  - Medical school to residency.

PMID- 3404619
TI  - Preclinical to clinical medical education.

PMID- 3404620
TI  - In vitro fertilization faces 'R & R': (more) research and regulation.

PMID- 3404621
TI  - Heart Association to endorse certain foods; some nutrition groups shy away from
      this approach.

PMID- 3404622
TI  - Africa says 'it's not too late' as fight against AIDS intensifies.

PMID- 3404623
TI  - When it comes to advice, Congress offers some of most-heeded suggestions to NIH.

PMID- 3404624
TI  - Summer's drought reinforces diving's dangers.

PMID- 3404625
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus antibody in U.S.
      active-duty military personnel, April 1988.

PMID- 3404626
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Provisional estimates from the National Health Interview
      Survey Supplement on Cancer Control--United States, January-March 1987.

PMID- 3404627
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Scombroid fish poisoning--New Mexico, 1987.

PMID- 3404628
TI  - Spanish medicine: trying to heal itself.

PMID- 3404630
TI  - Latent effect of oral contraceptives on breast cancer.

PMID- 3404629
TI  - Anencephalic newborns as organ donors.

PMID- 3404631
TI  - Rheumatoid arthritis refractory to standard therapy.

PMID- 3404632
TI  - Benign familial hematuria.

PMID- 3404633
TI  - Cardiovascular hazards of air travel.

PMID- 3404634
TI  - Recommended dietary allowances for vitamins.

PMID- 3404635
TI  - It may seem obvious to you...: giving medication instructions to patients.

PMID- 3404636
TI  - Caring for the poor.

PMID- 3404637
TI  - Etiology of diarrhea among travelers and foreign residents in Nepal.
AB  - A bacterial pathogen was isolated from 47% of 328 expatriate patients with
      diarrhea seen at two medical clinics in Nepal in 1986. Enterotoxigenic
      Escherichia coli (24%), Shigella (14%), and Campylobacter species (9%) were
      isolated most frequently. Enteroinvasive and adherence factor-positive E coli
      were isolated from 2% and 1% of patients, respectively. Giardia lamblia was
      detected in 12% of patients, rotavirus in 8%, and Cryptosporidium and Entamoeba
      histolytica each in 5%. Blastocystis hominis was present in 33% of patients but
      in only 9% of those who took trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. More than one
      enteropathogen was detected in 17% of patients. Patients with prolonged symptoms
      (longer than two weeks) were more likely to have Giardia (27%) and less likely to
      have Shigella (5%) than were patients with acute symptoms. The isolation rates of
      bacterial pathogens decreased with length of stay in Nepal. A wide variety of
      enteropathogens were detected in travelers to Nepal, and Shigella and protozoa
      were particularly important. Length of time abroad and duration of symptoms were
      important diagnostic considerations.

PMID- 3404639
TI  - The Robert Wood Johnson Health Policy Fellowship. The experience and perspectives
      on its academic applications.

PMID- 3404638
TI  - Fixed- vs adjusted-dose heparin in the prophylaxis of thromboembolism in spinal
      cord injury.
AB  - Thromboembolism is a common and occasionally catastrophic complication in
      patients with spinal cord injury and complete motor paralysis. We, therefore,
      evaluated the efficacy and safety of two prophylactic regimens, using heparin in
      either fixed doses of 5000 U given subcutaneously twice daily or in doses
      adjusted to prolong the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) to
      approximately 1 1/2 times control. Patients were monitored with daily clinical
      examinations, serial impedance plethysmography, and Doppler flow studies. All
      events suspected to be thromboembolic were confirmed by venography, ventilation
      perfusion scans, or pulmonary angiography. Seventy-five patients were randomized,
      and 58 (29 in each group) either remained in the study for more than seven weeks
      or experienced a thrombotic or hemorrhagic event. Patients on the adjusted-dose
      regimen received a mean (+/- SD) of 13,200 +/- 2200 U of heparin per dose and had
      an APTT 1 1/2 times higher than those on the fixed-dose regimen. Thromboembolism
      was detected in nine (31%) of 29 patients randomized to the fixed-dose regimen
      and two (7%) of 29 on the adjusted-dose regimen. While no patient who received
      the adjusted dose and whose APTT reached the target level had a thrombosis,
      bleeding occurred in seven patients. No patient on the fixed-dose regimen bled.
      We conclude that patients with spinal cord injury who can be maintained on doses
      of heparin sufficient to prolong their APTT to 1 1/2 times control values will be
      spared thromboembolic complications, but these patients are at high risk of
      bleeding, especially if they have trauma to other tissues in addition to their
      spinal cord injury.

PMID- 3404641
TI  - Archie Cochrane revisited.

PMID- 3404640
TI  - Arthritis associated with calcium oxalate crystals in an anephric patient treated
      with peritoneal dialysis.
AB  - We report a case of calcium oxalate arthropathy in a woman undergoing
      intermittent peritoneal dialysis who was not receiving pharmacologic doses of
      ascorbic acid. She developed acute arthritis, with calcium oxalate crystals in
      Heberden's and Bouchard's nodes, a phenomenon previously described in gout.
      Intermittent peritoneal dialysis may be less efficient than hemodialysis in
      clearing oxalate, and physicians should now consider calcium oxalate-associated
      arthritis in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis who are not receiving large
      doses of ascorbic acid.

PMID- 3404642
TI  - A piece of my mind. Never marry a doctor.

PMID- 3404644
TI  - [Pharmacokinetic and clinical evaluations on ceftriaxone in neonates and
      premature infants].
AB  - Ceftriaxone (CTRX) was clinically evaluated and its pharmacokinetics studied in
      neonates and premature infants, and the results obtained are summarized as
      follows. 1. Average blood levels of CTRX after intravenous administration of 10
      mg/kg in 3 neonates with birth weights of 2,500 g or more were 45.32 mcg/ml at 15
      minutes, 28.91 mcg/ml at 1 hour, 15.76 mcg/ml at 6 hours, and 16.28 mcg/ml at 12
      hours, and the half-life was 9.93 hours. The half-life in a newly born premature
      infant (less than 1 day) was 28.90 hours, and in a premature infant 6 days old it
      was 12.90 hours. 2. Average blood levels after intravenous administration of 20
      mg/kg to 2 neonates aged 0 and 3 days with birth weights of 2,500 g or more, were
      129.7 mcg/ml at 15 minutes, 60.94 mcg/ml at 1 hour, 32.04 mcg/ml at 6 hours, and
      24.23 mcg/ml at 12 hours, and the half-life was 8.95 hours. The half-life in a
      newly born premature infant (less than 1 day) was 20.70 hours. 3. Urinary
      recovery rates of CTRX in 12 hours after intravenous administration of 10 or 20
      mg/kg to 6 neonates aged 0 to 3 days (including premature infants) ranged from
      13.8 to 50.6%. 4. Clinical efficacies of CTRX were excellent or good in 3 of 4
      neonates including infants suspected of having infections (efficacy rate: 75%).
      5. As a side effect, diarrhea was noted in 1 case.

PMID- 3404643
TI  - [Evaluation on ceftriaxone administered intravenously in neonates].
AB  - Ceftriaxone (CTRX) was clinically evaluated and its pharmacokinetics studied in
      neonates. The results obtained are summarized below. 1. Blood levels of CTRX at 8
      to 12 hours after intravenous injection with a single dose of 10 to 20 mg/kg
      ranged from 14.9 to 32.8 micrograms/ml, while T1/2 ranged from 8.2 to 24.8 hours.
      2. Blood levels of CTRX at 11 hours after the completion of drip infusion which
      lasted one hour with a dose level 10 to 20 mg/kg, ranged from 10.6 to 25.0
      micrograms/ml, while T1/2 was 5.4 to 22.8 hours. 3. Multiple intravenous
      administrations were given to premature infants, but blood levels did not show
      evidence of drug accumulation. 4. Urinary excretion in 6 hours after an
      intravenous injection or a drip infusion with 10 approximately 20 mg/kg of CTRX
      ranged from 13.8 to 58.5% of the dosage. 5. The subjects in this study were 9
      neonates with suspected sepsis, pneumonia, Staphylococcus epidermidis or
      Staphylococcus aureus infections (sepsis, staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome,
      pneumonia), acute bronchitis or meconium aspiration syndrome. Efficacies CTRX
      were excellent or good in all these cases administered in a daily dose of 19.5 to
      41.6 mg/kg for 4 to 11 days. 6. No general side effects or abnormalities were
      observed in blood count, or hepatic or renal function.

PMID- 3404645
TI  - [Pharmacokinetic and clinical evaluation of ceftriaxone in neonates and premature
      infants].
AB  - To 39 neonates and premature infants 1 to 28 days old with various bacterial
      infections or suspected bacterial infections and were nearing cure-stage via
      ceftriaxone (CTRX) therapy, CTRX 10 mg/kg or 20 mg/kg was intravenously
      administered by bolus injection, and the changes in serum concentrations and
      urinary recovery rates of the drug were examined. Because the number of cases
      included was small, a comparison study was conducted by classifying them into
      three groups; less than 4 days old, 4 to 7 days, and 8 days or older, rather than
      dividing them into groups of neonates and premature infants. Clinical evaluation
      was conducted in 10 male and 6 female cases 1 to 46 days old, whose diseases
      comprised 1 case each of purulent meningitis, septicemia, pyothorax, phlegmonous
      cellulitis, and staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, plus 5 with
      bronchopneumonia and 6 with urinary tract infection. 1. Changes in serum
      concentrations and urinary recovery rates (1) Intravenous bolus injection of 10
      mg/kg: Serum concentrations in all three groups were the highest immediately
      after the drug administration, ranging from 32.3 to 35.9 micrograms/ml, with no
      significant differences noted among the groups. The levels gradually declined
      thereafter in all groups; to 12.7 to 18.3 micrograms/ml at 6 hours and 8.4 to
      13.2 micrograms/ml at 12 hours. Averaged blood half-lives of CTRX were 11.3, 8.8,
      and 17.3 hours. The urinary recovery rates in the first 6 hours in the 3 groups
      were 31.0, 27.9, and 26.0%, respectively. (2) Intravenous bolus injection with 20
      mg/kg: Serum concentrations were the highest immediately after the drug
      administration in all 3 groups, ranging from 56.5 to 73.1 micrograms/ml. The
      levels gradually declined thereafter in all groups, but remained rather high at
      17.9 to 21.1 micrograms/ml at 6 hours and 13.2 to 16.8 micrograms/ml at 12 hours.
      The older the patients were, the shorter the serum half-lives of CTRX were: 25.5
      hours in the less than 4 day old group, 11.7 hours in the 4 to 7 day old group,
      and 10.5 hours in the 8 days or older group. The urinary recovery rates in the
      first 6 hours in the 3 groups were 25.5, 22.3, and 21.8%, respectively. 2.
      Clinical results Clinical evaluation was made in 16 cases. CTRX at 11.9 to 60.0
      mg/kg/day, was administered once daily or in 2 divided doses, daily. In all
      cases, including those with presumed severe infections that included 1 case each
      of purulent meningitis, septicemia and pyothorax, the efficacy was good or
      excellent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3404646
TI  - [Pharmacokinetic and clinical evaluations on ceftriaxone in neonates].
AB  - 1. Ten neonates 0 to 28 days old (gestation: 37-42 weeks; birth weight: 2,160
      3,640 g) received 20 mg/kg CTRX (8 cases) or 10 mg/kg (2 cases) by intravenous
      bolus injection, while 9 infants 35 days to 9 months old (gestation: 37-43 weeks;
      birth weight: 2,800-3,560 g) received 20 mg/kg by intravenous bolus injection,
      and their blood drug concentrations and urinary drug excretions were examined.
      Average blood levels of CTRX in the 20 mg/kg dosage group were 114 +/- 14.6
      micrograms/ml at 30 minutes, 109 +/- 12.8 micrograms/ml at 1 hour, 100 +/- 12.6
      micrograms/ml at 2 hours, 87.9 +/- 15.8 micrograms/ml at 4 hours, 72.8 +/- 15.3
      micrograms/ml at 6 hours, and 50.1 +/- 12.3 micrograms/ml at 12 hours in the
      neonates; and 113 +/- 20.0 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes, 101 +/- 14.7
      micrograms/ml at 1 hour, 83.6 +/- 9.3 micrograms/ml at 2 hours, 70.3 +/- 10.7
      micrograms/ml at 4 hours, 56.9 +/- 8.6 micrograms/ml at 6 hours, and 35.7 +/- 9.2
      micrograms/ml at 12 hours in the infants. Average half-lives of CTRX in blood
      were 10.3 +/- 4.5 hours in the neonates, and 6.6 +/- 1.9 hours in the infants.
      Average blood concentrations of CTRX in the 10 mg/kg dosage neonate group were
      63.8 +/- 6.0 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes, 57.8 +/- 2.5 micrograms/ml at 1 hour,
      53.5 +/- 0.7 micrograms/ml at 2 hours, 41.8 +/- 7.4 micrograms/ml at 4 hours,
      32.4 +/- 5.9 micrograms/ml at 6 hours, and 20.8 +/- 1.1 micrograms/ml at 12
      hours, and the half-life was 7.2 +/- 0.4 hours. These results suggest that blood
      concentrations are apparently dose-related in the neonate period; that the peak
      levels of the neonate and infant groups were similar (the levels at 30 minutes)
      not showing a relationship to age, gestation period or to birth weight; and that
      the higher the age was the shorter the half-life became with the half-life in the
      one week old group was 1.5 times as long as that in the older infant group. The
      half-life in the younger infant group, however, was similar to that in the older
      infant group. Urinary excretion was examined in 4 neonates and 2 infants. Average
      urinary recovery rates in 12 hours after intravenous injection were 40.8 +/- 8.3%
      in the neonate group and 44.8 +/- 12.8% in the infant group, showing that CTRX is
      excreted well even in the neonate period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3404648
TI  - [Effects of ceftriaxone on infections during the perinatal period].
AB  - Ceftriaxone (CTRX) was studied for its efficacy and safety in 8 cases of
      infection during the perinatal period; 6 before, and 2 after delivery. The
      results obtained are recognized as follows: 1. CTRX was administered by
      intravenous drip infusion at a daily dose between 2 and 4 g for 2 to 10 days (a
      total dose: 4 to 20 g) each of 8 cases of infections during the perinatal period;
      3 of amniotic fluid infection and 1 each of intrauterine infection, puerperal
      fever, puerperal wound infection, appendicitis and pyelonephritis. CTRX was
      evaluated to be very effective in 3, effective in 3 and ineffective in 2, with an
      efficacy rate of 75% (6/8). 2. Two strains of Enterococcus faecalis and 1 each of
      Pseudomonas cepacia and Streptococcus intermedius were isolated. All of them were
      eradicated by the CTRX treatment bacteriologically. 3. No adverse reactions were
      observed subjectively or objectively. A slight transient elevation of GOT, GPT
      and Al-P was observed in 1 case. No abnormal sign was observed in neonates.

PMID- 3404647
TI  - [Pharmacokinetic and clinical evaluations of ceftriaxone in neonates and
      premature infants].
AB  - Following a one shot injection with ceftriaxone (CTRX) 10 mg/kg or 20 mg/kg into
      23 neonates (1 to 24 days old) including premature infants, plasma levels of CTRX
      were measured up to 12 hours post-dose in some cases and up to 72 hours post-dose
      in others and also urinary levels and urinary recovery rates were determined up
      to 12 hours post-dose. Furthermore, clinical, bacteriological and infection
      prophylactic effects of CTRX were evaluated by the intravenous administration
      with the mean dose of CTRX of 47.7 mg/kg once daily or half the dose twice daily
      for 9 days on the average into 46 infants (0 to 6 months old) including neonates
      and premature infants; i.e., 21 cases with actual or suspected bacterial
      infections for the evaluation of clinical and bacteriological effects and 25
      without bacterial infection for the evaluation of prophylactic effects against
      bacterial infection. The safety of CTRX was evaluated in 53 cases including 7
      which were omitted from the efficacy evaluation due to adverse reactions and also
      in some cases from clinical laboratory parameters. The following is a summary of
      the results obtained: 1. Following the administration with CTRX 10 mg/kg into
      each of the neonates 6, 12, 13 and 21 days old (the 21 old one was premature),
      plasma levels of CTRX in these subjects reached their peaks at 5 minutes post
      dose at levels of 59.38, 53.13, 37.50 and 50.00 micrograms/ml, respectively. The
      peak levels were similar to each other with an exception of the rather low level
      in the 13 day-old neonate. The plasma half-life times of CTRX in these subjects
      were 9.762, 7.775, 7.330 and 8.149 hours, respectively: The younger the infant
      the longer the half-life tended to be except the premature cases. Similarly, the
      younger the infant the larger the AUC was except for the premature case with the
      AUC values of 511.169, 324.714, 236.346 and 326.825 micrograms.hr/ml,
      respectively. The Vds were 0.709, 1.004, 1.316 and 0.696 liters, respectively,
      and the value for 13 day-old neonate was the largest. Urinary levels of CTRX
      reached between 42.00 and 298.30 micrograms/ml at some time within 12 hours post
      dose in any cases. Urinary recovery rates in 12 hours post-dose were 79.98,
      52.00, 56.82 and 60.14%, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3404650
TI  - [Per rectal administration of antibiotics. Clinical use of ampicillin in
      respiratory tract infection in children].
AB  - As one of our clinical studies on per rectal administration of antibiotics,
      children who suffered respiratory tract infection (RTI) were administered with
      ampicillin (ABPC) through this route. Our conclusions drawn from this study are
      as follows: 1. One hundred and eighty strains of aerobic bacteria which were
      isolated by us in 1984-1985 were tested for the sensitivity to ABPC using plate
      disk method. MIC's of ABPC for all the strains of Streptococcus pyogenes were
      lower than 0.024 micrograms/ml. MIC's for all the strains of Streptococcus
      haemolyticus were 0.05-0.20 microgram/ml. MIC's for 88% of the strains tested of
      Haemophilus influenzae were 0.10-0.78 microgram/ml. 2. Bacterial flora in the
      respiratory tract of 97 cases of children, who suffered RTI, were cultured.
      Almost half of them were Gram-positive cocci, the rest belonged to Gram-negative
      groups. This indicates that broad-spectrum antibiotics should be chosen first
      even before the diagnosis of causative organisms is established. 3. Soon after a
      per rectal administration of ABPC to children, high blood concentrations of the
      drug were observed by paper-disk method. 4. Eleven cases, which included 2 cases
      of pneumonia, of 15 children who suffered RTI and were given this antibiotic were
      greatly improved within 3-10 days. No serious side effects were observed. 5. Our
      brief study reported here indicates that ABPC administration by rectal route is
      safe and useful for the clinical treatment of RTI of children.

PMID- 3404649
TI  - [Antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria isolated from surgical infection (second
      report)].
AB  - Isolated bacteria from infections in general surgery in 1984 and 1985 have been
      investigated to find bacterial composition and their susceptibilities to
      antibiotics in a joint research in which 6 university hospitals in Japan
      participated. A summary of findings from the investigation is as follows. 1. One
      hundred and seventy-two (1984) and 211 (1985) cases were included in the study.
      Cases in which bacteria were detected were 147 and 174 in the respective years.
      The detection rate was higher than 80% in either year. 2. Total numbers of
      strains isolated in 1984 and 1985 were 267 and 293, respectively; major sources
      of these strains were intraperitoneal infection exudates in either year. 3. The
      most frequent isolate from primary infection cases in both years was Escherichia
      coli (15-21%), followed by Bacteroides spp. and Staphylococcus spp., in that
      order. The most frequently isolated from postoperative infection cases were
      Enterococcus spp. (16-22%), followed by Pseudomonas spp. The diversity of
      isolated species, as well as the similarity of incidences of different species
      were noted in cases of postoperative infections. It is suspected that a certain
      species, even if its pathogenicity is essentially low, may become to be a
      causative organism once its number increases due to its survival through a
      perioperative prophylactic use of antibiotics, and also due to the decreased host
      resistance to infections caused by underlying diseases or surgical stress. 4.
      Staphylococcus spp. was the most frequent isolate from postoperative infections
      occurring after clean operations, while Enterococcus spp. and Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa were major isolates from infections after clean-contaminated
      operations. Isolates from infections occurring after contaminated operations
      included Enterococcus spp. greater than E. coli greater than Klebsiella
      pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, Bacteroides spp. (1985). 5. In cases without the
      presence of clinical factors cause by depressed host defense, E. coli and
      Bacteroides spp. were major isolates, while in cases with the factors, a wide
      variety of bacterial population tended to be found. 6. Before an administration
      of antibiotics in primary infections, E. coli, Staphylococcus spp. Bacteroides
      spp. and Klebsiella spp. were most commonly isolated, while after a chemotherapy,
      Enterococcus spp. were the most frequent isolates, followed by P. aeruginosa
      during 1985. These findings reflected the antibacterial spectrum of cephems
      usually used in surgical field.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3404651
TI  - [The penetration of cefoperazone into the cerebrospinal fluid in patients on
      acute or chronic stage].
AB  - Cefoperazone (CPZ) was administered to 10 patients with cerebrovascular
      disturbances at acute and chronic phases to investigate its passage into the
      cerebrospinal fluid. The antibiotic was administered at dosages of 1 g and 2 g to
      patients in the acute phase to examine the dose-dependency. The results obtained
      are summarized as follows: 1. Serum concentrations Peak values of CPZ were 46.9
      +/- 4.42 microgram/ml in acute phase patients in 1 g dosage group (acute group
      1), 253.1 +/- 63.2 micrograms/ml in acute phase patients in 2 g dosage group
      (acute group 2), and 197.9 +/- 15.7 micrograms/ml in chronic phase patients in 2
      g dosage group (chronic group 2) at 1 hour after CPZ administration.
      Concentrations of CPZ varied about 5-fold between the 1 g dosage group and the 2
      g dosage groups. The acute group 2 showed generally higher values of CPZ
      concentrations than the chronic group 2. 2. Cerebrospinal fluid concentrations.
      Peak values were 0.96 +/- 0.30 microgram/ml (at 3 hours) in acute group 1, 4.55
      +/- 3.41 micrograms/ml (at 1 hour, except 1 case) in acute group 2, and 1.29 +/-
      1.28 micrograms/ml (at 1 hour) in chronic group 2. Acute group 2 showed generally
      higher values than chronic group 2. 3. CPZ was considered useful for the
      prevention of postoperative infections in the field of brain surgery.

PMID- 3404653
TI  - [An autopsy case of parathyroid carcinoma with primary hyperparathyroidism].
AB  - An autopsy case of a 72-year-old woman who was determined as having had a
      parathyroid carcinoma with primary hyperparathyroidism is reported. On autopsy, a
      tumor, measuring 6 X 3 X 2 cm, was found beneath the left lobe of the thyroid
      gland, adherent to the left recurrent nerve and the trachea, though there was no
      metastasis evident. The tumor was found to be lobulated on cross section
      inspection. Histologically, the tumor cells were arranged in trabecular and in
      solid patterns with fibrous bands. A few tumor cells showed mitosis. Invasions to
      the capsules and the blood vessels were found present. Immunohistochemically, the
      parathyroid hormone was found positive in the cytoplasm of the tumor cells.
      Otitis fibrosa generalisata, metastatic calcification, acute pancreatitis, and
      core pulmonale also were observed.

PMID- 3404652
TI  - [A study of transfer of cefbuperazone into postoperative exudates in patients
      with cancer mastectomy or thyroidectomy].
AB  - Cefbuperazone (CBPZ) at a dose of 2 g was administered postoperatively by
      intravenous drip infusion to 9 patients subjected to radical mastectomy and 10
      others subjected to thyroidectomy then levels of CBPZ in postoperative exudates
      were measured and its prophylactic effect on postoperative infections was
      determined. 1. Serum CBPZ levels in the patients after cancer mastectomy and
      thyroidectomy on postoperative day 1 were similar to those in healthy adults. 2.
      Levels of CBPZ in the postoperative exudates in patients subjected to cancer
      mastectomy reached a mean peak value of 66.3 micrograms/ml (range: 26.0-99.6
      micrograms/ml) in 0-3 hours after administration, and the mean CBPZ level at 6
      hours after administration was 33.3 micrograms/ml (range: 19.1-54.1
      micrograms/ml). 3. As compared to the cases of cancer mastectomy, levels of CBPZ
      in postoperative exudates in patients subjected to thyroidectomy varied
      considerably from a patient to another: a mean peak level of 76.4 micrograms/ml
      (range: 31.3-128 micrograms/ml) appeared in 0 to 6 hours after administration. 4.
      There was no correlation between CBPZ levels in the exudate and hemoglobin levels
      or hematocrit values. 5. Likely because of the CBPZ administration at 4 g/day for
      2 to 6 days postoperatively to 19 patients, postoperative infection was absent
      and no side effect attributable to this drug occurred in any of the patients.
      Because levels of CBPZ in postoperative exudates in patients subjected to cancer
      mastectomy or thyroidectomy were greater than MICs for principal Gram-positive
      and Gram-negative bacteria, it is likely that this drug is a useful agent for
      prophylaxis against postoperative infections in patients undergoing cancer
      mastectomy or thyroidectomy.

PMID- 3404654
TI  - [An autopsy case revealing the simultaneous coexistence of adenocarcinoma,
      malignant lymphoma and silicotuberculosis in the same lung].
AB  - A case of 70-year old male manifesting a simultaneous adenocarcinoma, malignant
      lymphoma and silicotuberculosis in the same lung has been reported. The patient,
      who had worked as a miner for 24 years and had been treated for silicosis 11
      years previously, was found to have a new, abnormal shadow during a routine chest
      X-ray. Later, sputum cytology revealed the adenocarcinoma. He was treated with
      chemotherapy, but died 24 months later, his death attributed to lung cancer,
      complicated with respiratory insufficiency and weakness. An autopsy confirmed the
      presence of an adenocarcinoma and silicotuberculosis, and a histological
      examination revealed the coexistence of malignant lymphoma in the same lung.

PMID- 3404655
TI  - [A case of small squamous cell carcinoma with a grading of IIa + IIc, an early
      gastric cancer type].
AB  - A case of a 78-year old woman, complaining of epigastralgia, is reported. A
      series of gastrointestinal examinations revealed a small, elevated lesion with a
      central depression in the antrum. Since a fiberoptic biopsy had shown a Group V
      classification, a partial gastrectomy was performed. Tumor nodules, judged to be
      metastatic, were noticed in the liver and regional lymph nodes. Histologic
      scrutiny disclosed a keratinizing tumor that measured 1.0 X 0.9 cm in diameter
      and was largely a squamous cell carcinoma with a small focus indicating an
      adenocarcinoma. This tumor was confined to the muco-submucosal layers with
      prominent vascular permeation. No adenocarcinomatous components were found in the
      metastatic foci. The patient died eight months after operation. In light of our
      experience, together with what has been found in a review of the literature, we
      feel that a squamous carcinoma and an adenosquamous carcinoma of the stomach to
      be more aggressive than an ordinary adenocarcinoma and keeping this point in
      mind, they should be considered differentiated from an adenoacanthoma.

PMID- 3404656
TI  - [A case of leiomyosarcoma of the duodenum--histologic diagnostic criteria of
      borderline malignancy].
AB  - A case of a leiomyosarcoma of the duodenum is reported. A 52-year-old man with a
      duodenal submucosal tumor underwent a pancreatico-duodenectomy. Histologically,
      the resected tumor revealed moderate cellular atypism and moderate pleomorphism,
      but revealed no mitotic figures. The histological diagnosis was leiomyoma. Nine
      years after operation, the tumor showed a recurrence and metastasis in the liver.
      Thus, the patient underwent a lobectomy of the liver. The resected liver tumor
      showed similar histological features seen in the primary duodenal tumor but with
      high mitotic activity. Histologically, the patient was diagnosed as having a
      metastatic leiomyosarcoma. This history suggests that a smooth muscle tumor of
      potential malignancy, as seen in this case, should be followed continuously, even
      though mitoses may not be recognized.

PMID- 3404657
TI  - [A case of anisosynchronously duplicated tumors consisting of leiomyosarcoma of
      the rectum and malignant paraganglioma of gluteal soft tissue].
AB  - A 62-year-old man received a Miles' operation for the recurrence of low grade
      rectal leiomyosarcoma which had been enucleated 8 years earlier. The tumor,
      measuring 11 x 12 cm, was located in the lower rectal area (Rb) and had developed
      into the pelvic cavity. One year after operation, after the uncovery of a
      malignant paraganglioma in the right gluteal soft tissue, the patient died from
      the metastases of the liver and the lung, and from lymph node that covered his
      body. This case is a rare example of anisosynchronously occurring duplicated
      carcinomas.

PMID- 3404658
TI  - [Perianal skin metastasis in a case of lung cancer].
AB  - A case of lung cancer in a 78-year-old man who subsequently developed a perianal
      skin metastasis is herein reported. The metastatic lesion was the fist clinical
      metastatic sign noticed. Although irradiation therapy reduced the size of the
      lung tumor, the tumor soon regrew and the patient died of massive hemorrhaging
      from the perianal mass. An autopsy revealed that the primary tumor and all
      metastases were, histologically, a mucoepidermoid carcinoma. A metastasis of a
      lung cancer to the perianal region is extremely rare, only one case involving an
      anaplastic carcinoma having been previously reported.

PMID- 3404659
TI  - [Breast cancer: the significance of parasternal node dissection, with reference
      to the lymph flow of the breast].
AB  - The clinical significance of dissection of the parasternal lymph nodes (Ps) as a
      means for treating breast cancer has been re-evaluated through a lymph-flow
      study, which involved 58 cases of breast cancer patients and the use of CH 44.
      Initially, 1 ml of CH 44 was injected about the breast tumor immediately prior to
      the mastectomy. Later, the percentage of metastasis in the dissected lymph nodes,
      stained black by the CH 44, was studied. It was found that the originating site
      of the cancer had no impact on the parasternal nodes that stained black (inner
      and central, 76.7%; outer, 53.6%). Even in patients with an outer site tumor,
      cases with a metastasis to the axillary lymph nodes (Ax) showed a Ps staining as
      high as 75%. Thus, through not only a prognostic study but also through this
      lymph flow study, it has been clarified that for breast cancer, both the Ps and
      Ax are located at the same level as the primary lymph nodes.

PMID- 3404660
TI  - [Nuclear morphometry of cancer cells in stage III breast cancer with special
      reference to prognosis].
AB  - The nuclear area (NA) and nuclear form factor (NFF) (NFF = 4.pi.NA/P2. Na,
      nuclear area; P, perimeter) have been measured in fifteen stage III patients with
      an invasive ductal breast cancer, using an image analyzer (IBAS-2000, Zeiss). The
      NA has been revealed as being 41.8 +/- 8.82 micrograms2 (mean +/- S.D.) in five
      year survivors (n = 8), and 59.4 +/- 12.9 micrograms2 in non-survivors (n = 7).
      The NFF was found to be 0.74 +/- 0.038 in those who survived, and 0.69 +/- 0.028
      in non-survivors. The NA was significantly lager (p less than 0.01) and the NFF
      significantly lower (p less than 0.05) in the non-survivors than in the
      survivors. NA and NFF are considered to be helpful in determining the prognosis
      of breast cancer patients in stage III.

PMID- 3404661
TI  - [Surgical treatment of metastatic lung cancer from colorectal cancers].
AB  - Based on conclusions obtained after the observation of 61 colorectal cancer
      patients with a lung metastasis, the resection of lung metastasis as a therapy
      was evaluated. Among these 61 patients, only 5 patients had been identified as
      having a lung metastasis at the time of resection of the primary lesion, whereas
      the other 56 patients developed the lung metastasis after the curative resection
      of the colorectal cancer. Only one patient with a synchronous lung metastasis and
      twelve patients (eleven with a solitary metastatic lesion and one with multiple
      metastatic lesions) with metachronous lung metastasis underwent removal of the
      lung metastasis. The three-year survival rate was 65.2% in the metachronous
      group.

PMID- 3404663
TI  - [Prophylaxis and treatment of adult central nervous system leukemia].

PMID- 3404662
TI  - [Hypothalamic syndrome and diabetes insipidus complicated with central nervous
      system leukemia].

PMID- 3404665
TI  - [Risk factors for developing central nervous system leukemia in adults with acute
      leukemia].

PMID- 3404664
TI  - [Risk factors associated with central nervous system leukemia and its prophylaxis
      and treatment].

PMID- 3404666
TI  - [Inhibitory effect of deferoxamine on DNA synthesis in the lymphoid cell lines].

PMID- 3404668
TI  - [Two cases of plasma cell dyscrasia associated with hypereosinophilia].

PMID- 3404669
TI  - [Evolution into indolent myeloma in a patient with benign monoclonal gammopathy
      after an eleven-year-interval].

PMID- 3404667
TI  - [Bacteriological and clinical study on infections in acute leukemia].

PMID- 3404670
TI  - [Cimetidine-induced aplastic anemia: a case report].

PMID- 3404671
TI  - [Drug-induced severe hemolytic crisis in a patient with hemolytic hereditary
      elliptocytosis with complete deficiency of red cell membrane protein band 4.2].

PMID- 3404673
TI  - [Clinical significance of hyperferritinemia in malignant histiocytosis and virus
      associated hemophagocytic syndrome].

PMID- 3404675
TI  - [Progress in the study of atherosclerosis and changes in the etiologic theory-
      with special reference to Ross theory].

PMID- 3404672
TI  - [Adult-onset cyclic neutropenia: a case report].

PMID- 3404674
TI  - [Successful treatment of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) by vincristine
      and plasma exchange].

PMID- 3404676
TI  - [Pathologic study of the early stage of atherosclerosis--macrophages and the
      proliferation of vascular smooth muscles].

PMID- 3404677
TI  - [Epidemiologic trends in atherosclerosis in Japan and statistical data].

PMID- 3404678
TI  - [Endothelial injury as an initiating factor: mechanism and significance of
      endothelial cell injury in the etiology of atherosclerosis].

PMID- 3404679
TI  - [Endothelial injury as an initiating factor: Ca and atherosclerosis].

PMID- 3404680
TI  - [Endothelial injury as an initiating factor: role of proteoglycans in the
      vascular endothelium cell surface--relation to the pathogenesis of
      atherosclerosis].

PMID- 3404681
TI  - [Endothelial injury as an initiating factor: rheology factors in the pathogenesis
      of early-stage atherosclerosis].

PMID- 3404682
TI  - [Endothelial injury as an initiating factor: vascular endothelial cell injury and
      biosynthesis of PAF].

PMID- 3404684
TI  - [Pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and blood platelets: platelet-derived growth
      factor].

PMID- 3404683
TI  - [Pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and blood platelets: platelet-derived growth
      factor and atherosclerosis].

PMID- 3404686
TI  - [Platelet-derived growth factor and mechanism of cell proliferation of arterial
      smooth muscle: hyperlipidemia and cell proliferation of arterial smooth muscle].

PMID- 3404685
TI  - [Platelet-derived growth factor and mechanism of cell proliferation of arterial
      smooth muscle: progress in the study of the molecular biology of platelet-derived
      growth factor and atherosclerosis].

PMID- 3404687
TI  - [Platelet-derived growth factor and mechanism of cell proliferation of arterial
      smooth muscle: vascular elastic fibers and migration of vascular smooth muscle
      cells].

PMID- 3404688
TI  - [Progress in the study of lipoprotein metabolism and atherosclerosis: role of
      blood lipoproteins and pathogenesis of atherosclerosis].

PMID- 3404689
TI  - [Progress in the study of lipoprotein metabolism and atherosclerosis: lipoprotein
      metabolism of arterial wall cells and atherosclerosis].

PMID- 3404690
TI  - [Progress in the study of lipoprotein metabolism and atherosclerosis: progress in
      the molecular genetic study of lipoprotein receptors and atherosclerosis].

PMID- 3404691
TI  - [Progress in the study of lipoprotein metabolism and atherosclerosis: mechanism
      of foam cell transformation of macrophages--with special reference to oxidized
      LDL].

PMID- 3404692
TI  - [Progress in the study of lipoprotein metabolism and atherosclerosis: effects of
      polysaturated non-eicosanoid fatty acids on lipoprotein metabolism].

PMID- 3404693
TI  - [Progress in the study of lipoprotein metabolism and atherosclerosis:
      glycosylated beta-lipoprotein and atherosclerosis complicated by diabetes].

PMID- 3404694
TI  - [Progress in the study of lipoprotein metabolism and atherosclerosis: organ
      specific characteristics of lipoprotein metabolic disorders--with special
      reference to the heart and brain].

PMID- 3404696
TI  - [Regression and therapy of atherosclerosis: regression of atherosclerosis under
      anti-cholesterol therapy].

PMID- 3404695
TI  - [Regression and therapy of atherosclerosis: regression of treated atherosclerosis
      viewed by coronary angiography].

PMID- 3404697
TI  - [Regression and therapy of atherosclerosis: pathologic study of regression of
      atherosclerosis--possibility and problems of therapy].

PMID- 3404698
TI  - [Regression and therapy of atherosclerosis: limitation of hyperlipidemia therapy
      and reality in the guidance of diet therapy].

PMID- 3404699
TI  - [Regression and therapy of atherosclerosis: drug therapy of atherosclerosis
      viewed from serum lipoprotein analysis--reality of application, choice and
      administration of anticholesteremic agents].

PMID- 3404701
TI  - [Autoimmune disease--basic and clinical studies].

PMID- 3404700
TI  - [Recent trends in autoimmune disease research].

PMID- 3404702
TI  - [Autoimmune diseases as polymeric gene diseases].

PMID- 3404703
TI  - [Non-histone proteins as autoantibody-reactive antigens].

PMID- 3404705
TI  - [Mechanism and classification of tissue damage due to autoimmunity].

PMID- 3404706
TI  - [Study of autoimmune diseases using animal disease models. 1) Molecular genetic
      analysis of autoimmune disease models].

PMID- 3404704
TI  - [Structure of receptors and expression of anti-receptor antibodies. c. Anti-TSH
      receptor antibodies].

PMID- 3404708
TI  - [Clinical study of autoimmune diseases: recent trends--with special reference to
      progress in immunological tests and therapeutic methods. Systemic autoimmune
      diseases. 3) Mixed connective tissue disease].

PMID- 3404707
TI  - [Study of autoimmune diseases using animal disease models. 2) Confronting the
      clinical situation].

PMID- 3404710
TI  - [Clinical study of autoimmune diseases: recent trends--with special reference to
      progress in immunological tests and the therapeutic methods. Organ-specific
      autoimmune diseases. 1) Autoimmune thyroid diseases].

PMID- 3404709
TI  - [Clinical study of autoimmune diseases: recent trends--with special reference to
      progress in immunological tests and therapeutic methods. Systemic autoimmune
      diseases. 4) Rheumatoid arthritis].

PMID- 3404711
TI  - [Clinical study of autoimmune diseases: recent trends--with special reference to
      progress in immunological tests and therapeutic methods. Organ-specific
      autoimmune diseases. 3) Myasthenia gravis].

PMID- 3404712
TI  - [Clinical study of autoimmune diseases: recent trends--with special reference to
      progress in immunological tests and the therapeutic methods. Organ-specific
      autoimmune diseases. 4) Sjogren's syndrome].

PMID- 3404714
TI  - [Clinical study of autoimmune diseases: recent trends--with special reference to
      progress in immunological tests and therapeutic methods. Organ-specific
      autoimmune diseases. 6) Autoimmune heart diseases].

PMID- 3404713
TI  - [Clinical study of autoimmune diseases: recent trends--with special reference to
      progress in immunological tests and the therapeutic methods. Organ-specific
      autoimmune diseases. 5) Anti-GBM antibody diseases].

PMID- 3404715
TI  - [Clinical study of autoimmune diseases: recent trends--with special reference to
      progress in immunological tests and therapeutic methods. Organ-specific
      autoimmune diseases. 7) Autoimmune hematologic diseases].

PMID- 3404716
TI  - [Clinical study of autoimmune diseases: recent trends--with special reference to
      progress in immunological tests and therapeutic methods. Organ-specific
      autoimmune diseases. 8) Autoimmune liver diseases].

PMID- 3404717
TI  - [Biohazard control in pathological field].

PMID- 3404718
TI  - [DNA analysis in neoplastic tumor, especially in clinical application].

PMID- 3404719
TI  - [The effect of pregnancy on coagulation and immune systems in human].

PMID- 3404720
TI  - [Highly sensitive analysis of guanidino compounds using linear gradient elution
      HPLC].

PMID- 3404721
TI  - [Hyper-HDL-cholesterolemia in patients with chronic pulmonary insufficiency].

PMID- 3404722
TI  - [Lysozyme immunoreactivity levels in blood in patients with various diseases].

PMID- 3404723
TI  - [Clinical significance of serum RNase activity in patients with eosinophilia].

PMID- 3404724
TI  - [Clinical significance of serum pyruvate kinase activities using enzymatic
      method].

PMID- 3404725
TI  - [Analysis of oligo-2',5'-adenylate by fast polynucleotide liquid chromatography
      (HPLC)].

PMID- 3404726
TI  - [Studies on diagnosis of infection caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. 1. Micro cell
      culture method for the isolation and identification of Chlamydia trachomatis].

PMID- 3404727
TI  - [Study on the atypical epithelium combined with carcinoma in the same lesion of
      stomach].

PMID- 3404728
TI  - [Study on reference range of red blood cell count].

PMID- 3404729
TI  - [Clinical laboratory data for health sciences].

PMID- 3404730
TI  - [Science and art].

PMID- 3404731
TI  - [Luminescent determination as a detection system for enzymatic reactions].

PMID- 3404732
TI  - [Application of luminescence analysis to the detection system for HPLC].

PMID- 3404733
TI  - [The present state and prospect of information science in clinical pathology].

PMID- 3404734
TI  - [Interpretation of laboratory tests and information science].

PMID- 3404735
TI  - [Present and future in research of laboratory medicine, metabolism].

PMID- 3404736
TI  - [Measurement of hormone and preventive laboratory medicine].

PMID- 3404737
TI  - [Monoclonal antibody approach to the study of autoimmune diseases and cancer].

PMID- 3404738
TI  - [The reality and future of susceptibility test].

PMID- 3404739
TI  - [Clinical chemistry].

PMID- 3404740
TI  - [Clinical physiology].

PMID- 3404741
TI  - [Evaluation of three assay methods to measure urinary albumin at low
      concentrations: their assay reliability and diagnostic sensitivity].

PMID- 3404742
TI  - [Prediction of postpartum relapse of Graves' thyrotoxicosis and the development
      of neonatal Graves' disease by the highly sensitive TSH immunoradiometric assay].

PMID- 3404743
TI  - [A case of papulonecrotic tuberculide with erythema induratum Bazin and
      lymphadenitis tuberculosa].

PMID- 3404744
TI  - [The influence of phototoxic substances on the complement system (II). Effects of
      anthracene and 8-methoxypsoralen with UVA on complement hemolytic activity].

PMID- 3404745
TI  - [The role of intercellular lipids in the water-holding properties of the stratum
      corneum--recovery effect on experimentally-induced dry skin].

PMID- 3404746
TI  - [Microvibration test under vibration and cold stresses in PSS].

PMID- 3404747
TI  - [Acute gastric mucosal lesions induced by vasomotor derangement--participation of
      xanthine oxidase and neutrophil-mediated oxidative stress].

PMID- 3404749
TI  - [Investigations of extraction procedure and heterogeneity of neurotensin in ileal
      mucosa].

PMID- 3404748
TI  - [Study on ribonuclease activity in tissues of human colonorectal mucosa using
      synthetic substrate--activity in normal mucosa, cancer tissue and inflammatory
      mucosa of ulcerative colitis].

PMID- 3404752
TI  - [Significance of serial assay for IgM anti-HBc in cases with chronic type B
      hepatitis].

PMID- 3404750
TI  - [Pathogenesis of portal hypertension in alcoholic liver disease].

PMID- 3404751
TI  - [The retrospective analysis of the histological course by use of GPT integration
      value in anti HBe positive cases with abnormal GPT].

PMID- 3404753
TI  - [The necrotizing effect of the direct injection of anhydrous ethanol on the liver
      in the rabbit].

PMID- 3404754
TI  - [The effect of 17 alpha-ethinyl estradiol on conversion of endogenous and
      exogenous cholesterol to biliary cholesterol and bile acids--with special
      reference to cholesterol gallstone formation].

PMID- 3404755
TI  - [Development of enzymatic determination of 3-keto bile acids in serum].

PMID- 3404756
TI  - [Pancreatic exocrine secretion in response to subcutaneous injection of caerulein
      in rats].

PMID- 3404757
TI  - [Clinical application of pancreatic cancer associated antigen (Span-1 antigen)].

PMID- 3404759
TI  - [Effects of a PAF antagonist CV-3988 on the acute gastric erosions of rats by
      water-immersion stress].

PMID- 3404758
TI  - [Superior mesenteric artery syndrome in anorexia nervosa. A case report].

PMID- 3404760
TI  - [Clinical significance of ELISA for Campylobacter pylori].

PMID- 3404761
TI  - [Effect of oxatomide on hepatic tissue blood flow and mast cell number in
      experimental obstructive jaundice].

PMID- 3404762
TI  - Cholecystokinin antagonism by beta-carboline esters in the central nervous system
      in mice.
AB  - Two beta-carboline esters, methyl or ethyl beta-carboline-3-carboxylate, beta-CCM
      and beta-CCE, were found to antagonize the antinociceptive and satiety action of
      the sulfated octapeptide cholecystokinin (CCK8) which was administered
      intracisternally to mice. beta-CCM did not affect the antinociception induced by
      morphine. The two beta-carboline esters weakly inhibited the food intake in mice.
      However, when they were administered after CCK8 administration, they reversed the
      CCK8-induced satiety. Since the two beta-carboline esters have been previously
      shown to act as selective cholecystokinin (CCK) receptor antagonists in the
      isolated guinea-pig gallbladder muscle, they are suggested to antagonize the
      central action of CCK through acting on the CCK receptor in the central nervous
      system. The results obtained from the present paper also suggest that
      benzodiazepine receptor ligands seem in general to act as CCK receptor
      antagonists as well.

PMID- 3404763
TI  - Verapamil-sensitive and less sensitive contractions in the intestinal smooth
      muscle of the guinea-pig taenia caeci.
AB  - Effect of verapamil, a Ca2+ channel blocker, on the contractions in the
      intestinal smooth muscle of taenia isolated from guinea-pig caecum was examined.
      In normal medium, 10 mM-80 mM KCl or 10(-7) M-10(-5) M carbachol induced a
      transient contraction followed by a sustained one. When the muscle strips were
      treated with a Ca2+-free solution for 2 min, these stimulants failed to induce
      contraction except an initial transient contraction induced by 10(-6) M-10(-5) M
      carbachol. Cumulative application of verapamil during the sustained contraction
      induced muscle relaxation. Higher concentration of verapamil was needed to
      inhibit the sustained contraction induced by 10 mM or 20 mM K+ than that induced
      by 40 mM or 80 mM K+. Similarly, the sensitivity to verapamil of the sustained
      contraction induced by 10(-7) M carbachol was lower than that induced by 10(-6) M
      or 10(-5) M carbachol. In the presence of verapamil, addition of either high K+
      or carbachol induced an initial transient contraction, although the sustained
      contraction was strongly inhibited. These results suggest that high K+ and
      carbachol activate two types of Ca2+ channels; lower concentrations of the
      stimulants open the channel which is less sensitive to verapamil, and higher
      concentrations open the channel which is more sensitive to verapamil.

PMID- 3404764
TI  - Effect of alismol on adrenergic mechanism in isolated rabbit ear artery.
AB  - Effects of alismol, a sesquiterpenoid isolated from the rhyzome of Alisma
      orientale, on adrenergic mechanisms were examined in the isolated rabbit ear
      artery. Alismol (10(-6) to 10(-4) M) inhibited the contraction of isolated rabbit
      ear artery by electrical stimulation of the perivascular nerves. The inhibition
      was concentration-dependent; at a concentration of 10(-4) M, the inhibition was
      90% (n = 8). Treatment with 10(-4) M alismol inhibited the increase in 3H
      noradrenaline (3H-NAd) release induced by electrical stimulation by 63 +/- 6%.
      Alismol at 10(-4) M did not affect the neuronal uptake of 3H-NAd in the artery.
      Alismol at 10(-4) M slightly inhibited contractions induced by exogenously
      administered NAd. These results demonstrate that alismol inhibits the adrenergic
      neuro-effector mechanisms in rabbit ear artery, and they suggest that alismol
      acts primarily on nerve terminals and inhibits their responses to electrical
      stimulation by interfering with NAd release.

PMID- 3404765
TI  - Antiarrhythmic profile of a new class 1 drug, AHR 10718, on canine atrial and
      ventricular arrhythmia models.
AB  - Antiarrhythmic effects of AHR 10718 were examined using two-stage coronary
      ligation, digitalis and adrenaline-induced canine ventricular arrhythmias and
      aconitine-induced canine atrial arrhythmia. The minimum effective plasma
      concentration for each arrhythmia model was determined for quantitative analysis
      of the antiarrhythmic effects. AHR 10718 suppressed the above arrhythmias except
      for adrenaline-induced arrhythmia. The minimum effective plasma concentrations
      for arrhythmias induced by 24 hr coronary ligation, 48 hr coronary ligation and
      digitalis were 8.1 +/- 0.7 (by 10 mg/kg, i.v.), 2.9 +/- 0.9 (by 5 mg/kg, i.v.)
      and 2.8 +/- 0.6 (by 5 mg/kg, i.v.) microgram/ml, respectively (mean +/- S.D., n =
      6). The correlation coefficients between the antiarrhythmic effects of AHR 10718
      and its plasma concentrations were not high. This pharmacological profile is
      characteristic of class 1 Na channel blockers, and in particular, it is similar
      to those of disopyramide, procainamide and SUN 1165 from our previous studies.
      AHR 10718 is expected to become a clinically useful antiarrhythmic drug.

PMID- 3404766
TI  - Actions of a newly synthesized compound (711389-S) on various types of
      experimentally induced arrhythmias in mammalian species in situ.
AB  - We examined effects of 711389-S, a new antiarrhythmic agent, on ouabain-induced
      arrhythmias in dogs and guinea-pigs, aconitine-induced arrhythmias in dogs and
      mice, adrenaline-induced arrhythmias in dogs under an anesthetized condition, and
      arrhythmias induced by coronary artery ligation and occlusion by a glass bead in
      dogs under conscious and un-restrained conditions. 711389-S (1-3 mg/kg, i.v.)
      decreased the number of ventricular extrasystoles induced by ouabain in dogs, and
      the doses of ouabain required to induce various types of arrhythmias were
      increased by pretreatment of guinea-pigs with intraduodenal application of 711389
      S (5-10 mg/kg). In mice, 711389-S (3 mg/kg, i.v. or 10 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly
      prolonged the time to onset of arrhythmias induced by aconitine infusion. Atrial
      fibrillation induced by a topical application of aconitine on the atrium was
      blocked by 711389-S (1 mg/kg, i.v.) in dogs. 711389-S (1-3 mg/kg, i.v.) depressed
      arrhythmias induced by adrenaline and restored the sinus rhythm by significantly
      decreasing the number of ventricular ectopic beats induced by coronary ligation
      or occlusion in dogs. Oral administration of 711389-S (10-30 mg/kg) in dogs
      markedly depressed the ventricular ectopic beats induced by coronary ligation.
      The half decay time of 711389-S after a single bolus injection of 711389-S ranged
      from 60 to 80 min. Results indicate that 711389-S has similar antiarrhythmic
      effects to those of other Class I antiarrhythmic agents in situ, and they suggest
      that this compound might have potential usefulness as a new type of
      antiarrhythmic agent for clinical use.

PMID- 3404768
TI  - Effects of adrenalectomy on pharmacokinetics and antinociceptive activity of
      morphine in rats.
AB  - The effects of adrenalectomy on the pharmacokinetics and antinociceptive activity
      of morphine were investigated to elucidate the mechanism of adrenalectomy-induced
      potentiation of morphine antinociception in rats. Plasma concentrations of
      morphine were estimated specifically and serially in each rat by high performance
      liquid chromatography with an electrochemical detector. After the intravenous
      administration of 10 mg/kg morphine, the plasma half-life of morphine was
      significantly prolonged by adrenalectomy without any effect on the volume of
      morphine distribution. After the subcutaneous administration of 7 mg/kg morphine,
      pharmacokinetic parameters were changed by adrenalectomy in the same manner as
      after intravenous administration. In contrast, after the subcutaneous injection
      of 3.5 mg/kg morphine, adrenalectomy failed to change the pharmacokinetic
      parameters. The antinociceptive potency of subcutaneously administered morphine
      was enhanced by adrenalectomy for both doses of morphine (3.5 and 7 mg/kg).
      Morphine antinociception at the dose of 3.5 mg/kg, s.c., in the adrenalectomized
      group was equipotent with that of 7 mg/kg, s.c., in the sham-operated group, but
      plasma morphine concentrations for 3.5 mg/kg, s.c., in the adrenalectomized group
      were significantly lower than those for 7 mg/kg morphine, s.c., in the sham
      operated group. These results suggest that the enhancement of morphine
      antinociception by adrenelectomy can not be explained by the increased morphine
      level alone.

PMID- 3404767
TI  - Structure-activity relationship in N3-alkyl-xanthine derivatives.
AB  - Structure-activity studies were carried out to compare the relaxant effects of
      various xanthine derivatives synthesized by substitution of the alkyl groups of
      the N3 position in the xanthine molecule. We evaluated the relaxant effects and
      the inhibitory activities on c-AMP phosphodiesterase (PDE) in tracheal smooth
      muscle isolated from guinea pigs. A comparative study on their pharmacokinetic
      characteristics was also carried out in rabbits. Dose-dependent relaxant effects
      were observed, and the relaxant effect of propylxanthine was nearly equal to the
      effects of butyl- and isobutylxanthines. Based on the estimation of the Ki values
      for PDE inhibition, it was found that butylxanthine is a potent inhibitor of PDE.
      There was good correlation between the alkyl chain length and the Ki value of
      these derivatives. The results showed that the alkyl chain length plays an
      important role in the inhibition of PDE. There were no significant differences in
      the volume of distribution, although the half-life showed significant
      differences. It is likely that the half-lives of these derivatives are affected
      by their chain lengths. The present study indicated that butylxanthine may be a
      new candidate as a bronchodilator. However, clinical studies have to be carried
      out to compare its efficacy and adverse effects with those of existing
      bronchodilators such as theophylline.

PMID- 3404769
TI  - Muscarinic receptor-mediated inhibition of dopaminergic excitatory input to
      caudate neurons from the substantia nigra.
AB  - Microiontophoretic studies using rats anesthetized with chloral hydrate were
      performed to elucidate the relationship between the striatal cholinergic system
      and nigrostriatal dopaminergic system. Iontophoretic application of carbachol
      inhibited the spikes elicited by substantia nigra (SN) stimulation in 21 of 24
      caudate neurons in which the spikes induced by SN stimulation were inhibited by
      microiontophoretically applied domperidone, a dopamine D-2 receptor antagonist.
      This inhibitory effect was completely blocked by atropine, although the spike
      generation induced by SN stimulation remained unaffected by the drug. However,
      carbachol did not affect the glutamate-induced firing of the caudate neurons of
      which the spikes induced by SN stimulation were inhibited by application of both
      domperidone and carbachol. Furthermore, carbachol had inhibitory effects on the
      spikes induced by SN stimulation even after the systemic application of
      bicuculline. In contrast, in 17 of 24 caudate neurons in which the spikes induced
      by SN stimulation were not affected by domperidone, carbachol did not inhibit the
      spikes induced by SN stimulation. These results suggest that the muscarinic
      receptors located on the SN-derived dopaminergic nerve terminals mainly play a
      role in inhibiting inputs from the SN to the caudate neurons, probably by
      reducing the release of dopamine from the nerve terminals.

PMID- 3404770
TI  - Cross-physical dependence of several drugs in methaqualone-dependent rats.
AB  - We investigated the characteristics of physical dependence on methaqualone. Rats
      were made physically dependent on methaqualone by the use of the drug-admixed
      food (DAF) method for 33 days. Pentobarbital, barbital, ethanol and diazepam were
      cross-administered against methaqualone to evaluate the degree of suppression of
      methaqualone withdrawal signs as an index for the cross-physical dependence
      liability of these drugs to methaqualone. To evaluate the cross-physical
      dependence liability, we used AUC of body weight loss and withdrawal scores
      between the first cross-administration (9 hr after the withdrawal) and 27 hr
      after the withdrawal. AUC of weight loss was significantly suppressed by the four
      test drugs as compared to each control. Withdrawal scores were also significantly
      inhibited by the cross-administration of barbital, ethanol and diazepam.
      Considering that the rats given barbital or ethanol fell asleep after the cross
      administration, diazepam seems to cause the strongest suppression of methaqualone
      withdrawal signs among the four test drugs. Thus, physical dependence on
      methaqualone may be similar by nature to that on benzodiazepines rather than
      barbiturates and alcohol.

PMID- 3404771
TI  - In vivo inhibitory effects of stimulation at the central end of the pelvic nerve
      severed from urinary bladder on urinary bladder contraction in rats.
AB  - Two- or five-Hz electrical stimulation of the central end of the left pelvic
      nerve severed from the urinary bladder in rats inhibited bladder contraction
      induced by intravesical infusion of Tyrode's solution. Inhibition of bladder
      motility by 2-Hz nerve stimulation appeared after pretreatment with strychnine
      (0.3 mg/kg, i.v.), naloxone (1 mg/kg, i.v.) and picrotoxin (1 mg/kg, i.v.).
      Hypogastric nerve stimulation, however, did not affect bladder contraction. These
      results suggest the presence of an inhibitory mechanism on the pelvic motoneuron
      activated by contralateral pelvic nerve stimulation in rats.

PMID- 3404772
TI  - Two apparently distinct muscarinic cholinoceptor mechanisms in guinea-pig taenia
      caecum.
AB  - Thirty-min treatment of guinea-pig taenia caecum with 300 nM propyl
      benzilylcholine mustard (PrBCM) shifted the concentration-response curve for
      carbachol to the right with a reduction of the maximum contraction, but 90-min
      treatment did not result in further inhibition. Under these conditions,
      pilocarpine hardly contracted the preparations, and it competitively antagonized
      carbachol. Muscarinic agonists might interact with two types of receptor
      mechanisms and carbachol elicited a stimulus from both types, whereas pilocarpine
      did so predominantly from the PrBCM-sensitive one.

PMID- 3404773
TI  - Suppression of hepatic HMG-CoA reductase activity by beta-muricholic acid in mice
      fed a diet containing cholesterol and cholic acid.
AB  - A diet containing cholesterol and cholic acid (SID) is known to induce the
      formation of cholesterol fatty liver as well as cholesterol gallstones. The
      activity of HMG-CoA reductase, one of the key enzymes for cholesterol synthesis
      in the liver, is significantly lowered by addition of beta-muricholic acid to
      SID. The prevention of fatty liver formation by beta-muricholic acid was
      accompanied by the suppression of HMG-CoA reductase activity.

PMID- 3404774
TI  - Hepatic veins belong to "the veins of the digestive tube" in the dog.
AB  - Pharmacological responsiveness of isolated strips of the canine hepatic veins was
      investigated. Circular strips showed a low responsiveness to 5-hydroxytryptamine,
      a low sensitivity to norepinephrine and a high sensitivity to histamine.
      Longitudinal strips developed greater tensions to norepinephrine than circular
      strips. An excitatory cholinergic component was demonstrated in contractile
      responses of longitudinal strips to transmural stimulation. Acetylcholine-induced
      contraction was potentiated by physostigmine. These results indicate that the
      hepatic veins belong to the group of "veins of the digestive tube".

PMID- 3404775
TI  - Gallstone formation in dogs after selective occlusion of the portal vein
      branches.
AB  - The effects of selective portal blood interruption on gallstone formation were
      investigated experimentally in dogs. The gallstone incidence in group I (left
      portal vein occlusion, N = 10) was 60 per cent at 1 month after the ligation, 64
      per cent at 2 months (N = 9) and 88 per cent at 3 months (N = 8), whereas the
      incidence in group II (right portal vein occlusion, N = 5) was 0 per cent at 1
      and 2 months (N = 5) after the ligation and 20 per cent at 3 months (N = 5). All
      canine gallstones, which were similar to human black stones on morphological and
      infrared spectroscopic examination, formed only in the gallbladders of both
      groups. Bile analysis showed that cholesterol, phospholipids and total bile acid
      concentrations in the gallbladder bile were significantly decreased in group I
      after the ligation. Microscopy of the gallbladders in group I showed prominent
      PAS-positive material in the gallbladders. Gallstone formation after portal vein
      occlusion is thought to depend on the extent of the area of portal blood
      interruption.

PMID- 3404776
TI  - Experimental studies of the effects of local hyperthermia on blood flow, oxygen
      pressure and pH in tumors.
AB  - The heat-induced environmental changes in tumor tissues are considered to
      influence the antitumor effect of hyperthermia or hyperthermochemotherapy, which
      is believed to complement the direct lethal effect of heat on tumor cells. The
      effects of local hyperthermia on the blood flow, oxygen pressure and pH in
      tissues were investigated using AH-100B tumor bearing rats, by immersing the
      tumor in a water bath at 41 degrees, 43 degrees and 45 degrees C. These
      parameters were measured in the marginal and deeper sites of the tumor mass, and
      in the normal muscle adjacent to the tumor. During immersion at 41 degrees C,
      blood flow in the tissue was increased at each site, and during immersion at 43
      degrees C, tissue blood flow increased initially at each site, but decreased with
      time to rates below that of the unheated tissue. During immersion at 45 degrees
      C, the blood flow decreased markedly in each tissue. The changes in oxygen
      pressure and pH in each tissue were similar to those observed in the blood flow
      during localized heating at 41 degrees, 43 degrees and 45 degrees C. In local
      thermochemotherapy, the initial stage of hyperthermic treatment seems to be the
      most suitable time for administering carcinostatics, since it is the time when
      tumor blood flow has not yet decreased.

PMID- 3404777
TI  - Intimal hyperplasia: the permeation of serum-derived substance into the arterial
      autovein graft under abnormal blood flow.
AB  - The etiology of intimal hyperplasia in autogenous vein grafts used for arterial
      replacement was experimentally studied in dogs. We previously developed an
      experimental model, which mimicked a human extremity with poor run-off of
      peripheral arteries. This model characterized the abnormal flow by a weak
      fluctuation of wall shear stress at the site adjacent to the vessel wall. In this
      model we found that an autogenous vein implanted into the femoral artery under
      such abnormal flow conditions exhibited remarkable intimal thickening; 200-400
      micron at 1 month and 300-500 micron at 6 months. A fluorescence microscopic
      study revealed that Evans blue-albumin complex entered the inner wall of vein
      grafts transplanted in abnormal flow conditions until about 2 weeks after
      implantation, after which further permeation was no longer observed. A similar
      observation was made in the fibrinogen distribution of subendothelial tissue.
      These results showed that abnormal flow conditions enhance the permeation of
      certain substances into immaturely repaired intimal tissues of autovein grafts.
      This phenomenon is thought to be responsible for the proliferation of smooth
      muscle cells, leading to hyperplasia of autovein grafts.

PMID- 3404778
TI  - The prevention of experimental cholesterol gallstones by ileectomy in mice.
AB  - After a lithogenic diet containing 0.5 per cent cholesterol and 0.25 per cent
      sodium cholate was fed to a group of normal Crj-ICR male mice for 10 days,
      cholesterol gallstones developed. No formation of gallstones occurred, however,
      in a group of mice from which 20 cms of terminal ileum had been removed prior to
      the feeding of the lithogenic diet. The biliary concentrations of cholesterol,
      phospholipids and bile acids were markedly lower in the ileectomized mice, with
      the decrease in cholesterol concentration being most significant. On the other
      hand, fecal excretion of sterols and bile acids increased in the ileectomized
      mice. The pool size of bile acids increased after the feeding of the lithogenic
      diet, but ileectomy decreased the pool size in mice fed the ordinary or
      lithogenic diets. The biliary concentration of cholic acid increased after the
      feeding of the lithogenic diet, but decreased with ileectomy. The biliary
      concentration and fecal excretion of deoxycholic acid markedly increased, while
      those of beta-muricholic acid and its secondary bile acids, omega-muricholic acid
      and hyodeoxycholic acid, decreased. The increase in plasma and liver cholesterol
      levels after the feeding of the lithogenic diet was prevented by ileectomy. These
      data suggest that ileectomy prevents the formation of cholesterol gallstones
      after the feeding of a lithogenic diet due to a decrease in cholic acid
      absorption.

PMID- 3404779
TI  - Giant hepatic angiomyolipoma simulating focal nodular hyperplasia.
AB  - A case of hepatic angiomyolipoma occurring in a 41-year-old woman, the eighteenth
      case in literature, is reported herein. The radiographic imagings of the tumor
      simulated those of focal nodular hyperplasia; namely, the tumor was hyperechoic
      on ultrasound, hypodense on computed tomography, hypervascular on angiography,
      and exhibited an uptake of technetium (Tc)-99m phytate. The diagnosis was
      established after successful removal of the huge tumor from the right hepatic
      lobe. Histologically, the tumor was angiomyolipoma which was made up of three
      components, blood vessels, smooth muscle and fatty tissue. Furthermore,
      extramedullary hematopoiesis, which is usually seen in this tumor was confirmed.
      The differentiation of hepatic angiomyolipoma from FNH is also discussed.

PMID- 3404780
TI  - [Correlation of grading of pulmonary emphysema by computed tomography to
      pulmonary function].

PMID- 3404781
TI  - [Summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis induced by Trichosporon cutaneum in
      terms of the role of serotype on the antigen].

PMID- 3404782
TI  - [Concentration of secretory IgA (S-IgA) in sera and sputa from patients with
      chronic airway diseases].

PMID- 3404783
TI  - [Successful closure of bronchopleural fistula by omental pedicle flap in a case
      of typhoid empyema 43 years after enteric fever].

PMID- 3404784
TI  - [A case report of impaired aggregation of platelets in hereditary hemorrhagic
      telangiectasia associated with brain abscess].

PMID- 3404785
TI  - [An autopsy case of pulmonary lymphangiomyomatosis unresponsive to various anti
      estrogen therapies].

PMID- 3404786
TI  - [An autopsy case of malignant hemangioendothelioma with multiple cavitating
      pulmonary metastasis].

PMID- 3404787
TI  - [Sweat chloride concentration and pancreatic function tests in patients with
      diffuse panbronchiolitis].

PMID- 3404788
TI  - [DeVega's annuloplasty for tricuspid insufficiency--a pulsed Doppler
      echocardiographic study].

PMID- 3404790
TI  - [Evaluation of six operated cases of lung cancer over 80 years old].

PMID- 3404789
TI  - [Basis of wound healing].

PMID- 3404792
TI  - [A new design of tilting discoid prosthetic valve sizer].

PMID- 3404791
TI  - [Concomitant replacement of the aortic root and aortic arch in DeBakey type I
      chronic dissecting aneurysm by a selective cerebral and coronary perfusion
      technic].

PMID- 3404793
TI  - [A report of successful repair of truncus arteriosus associated with interruption
      of aortic arch (Van Praagh type A 4)].

PMID- 3404794
TI  - [Blunt traumatic rupture of the atria].

PMID- 3404796
TI  - [A case report of idiopathic SIADH coincident with Marfan syndrome associated
      with sick sinus syndrome and chronic pulmonary emphysema].

PMID- 3404795
TI  - [New methods of the treatment of chronic empyema].

PMID- 3404798
TI  - [An adult case of absent pulmonary valve syndrome].

PMID- 3404797
TI  - [A case report of the quadricuspid aortic valve].

PMID- 3404799
TI  - Hymenolepidid and dilepidid cestodes with armed rostellum in shrews, Sorex spp.,
      from Hokkaido, Japan.

PMID- 3404800
TI  - Light and electron microscopic studies on chicken intestinal globule leucocytes.

PMID- 3404801
TI  - [Relationship between the susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium avium complex
      strains and the clinical efficacy of antituberculosis drugs--an evidence
      suggesting that antituberculosis drugs are effective in the treatment of M. avium
      complex pulmonary infection].

PMID- 3404802
TI  - [A clinical study on 16 cases with tracheobronchial tuberculosis].

PMID- 3404803
TI  - [Clinical observation of 15 cases with miliary tuberculosis--its early diagnosis
      and discussions on significance of combined use of steroid].

PMID- 3404804
TI  - [Usefulness of Gen-Probe for identification and classification of Mycobacterium
      avium complex].

PMID- 3404806
TI  - School nurse regulations implemented.

PMID- 3404805
TI  - Risk management.

PMID- 3404807
TI  - Debate. It is appropriate for a nurse to refuse an assignment: pro; con.

PMID- 3404808
TI  - AMA proposal calls for new licensed bedside care giver called "Registered Care
      Technologist".

PMID- 3404809
TI  - The patient's right to refuse treatment.

PMID- 3404810
TI  - Theophylline prevents the hypoxemia-induced renal hemodynamic changes in rabbits.
AB  - The acute renal effects of hypoxemia and the ability of theophylline to prevent
      these effects were assessed in anesthetized and mechanically-ventilated newborn
      and adult rabbits. Renal blood flow (RBF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
      were determined by the clearance of para-aminohippuric acid and inulin,
      respectively. Each animal acted as his own control. In 14 newborn rabbits (group
      1), hypoxemia was significantly associated with a fall in GFR (-22 +/- 6%) and
      filtration fraction (-17 +/- 3%) and with an increase in renal vascular
      resistance (+13 +/- 6%). Hypoxemia also induced a significant decline in GFR (-27
      +/- 6%) and RBF (-29 +/- 6%) in 7 adult rabbits (group 3). Intravenous
      theophylline (0.5 mg/kg) completely prevented the hypoxemia-induced changes in
      GFR, filtration fraction (FF) and renal vascular resistance (RVR) in 8 newborn
      rabbits (group 2). An intravenous dose of 2.4 mg theophylline given after the
      induction of hypoxemia partially reversed the drop in GFR in adult rabbits (group
      3). Separate renal functions were studied in 8 additional adult rabbits (group
      4). Low-dose theophylline (27 micrograms/min) infused intra-arterially in the
      left kidney partially prevented the hypoxemia-induced decline in urine flow rate,
      GFR, RBF, FF as well as the increase in renal vascular resistance. The beneficial
      effects of theophylline could be mediated by its adenosine antagonistic
      properties.

PMID- 3404811
TI  - Electrolyte composition of renal tubular cells in gentamicin nephrotoxicity.
AB  - The effect of long-term gentamicin administration on sodium, potassium, chloride
      and phosphorus concentrations was studied in individual rat renal tubular cells
      using electron microprobe analysis. Histological damage was apparent only in
      proximal tubular cells. The extent of damage was only mild after 7 days of
      gentamicin administration (60 mg/kg body wt/day) but much more pronounced after
      10 days. GFR showed a progressive decline during gentamicin treatment. In non
      necrotic proximal tubular cells, sodium was increased from 14.6 +/- 0.3 (mean +/-
      SEM) in controls to 20.6 +/- 0.4 after 7 and 22.0 +/- 0.8 mmol/kg wet wt after 10
      days of gentamicin administration. Chloride concentration was higher only after
      10 days (20.6 +/- 0.6 vs. 17.3 +/- 0.2 mmol/kg wet wt). Both cell potassium and
      phosphorus concentrations were diminished by 6 and 15, and by 8 and 25 mmol/kg
      wet wt after 7 and 10 days of treatment, respectively. In contrast, no major
      alterations in distal tubular cell electrolyte concentrations could be observed
      after either 7 or 10 days of gentamicin administration. As in proximal tubular
      cells, distal tubular cell phosphorus concentrations were, however, lowered by
      gentamicin treatment. These results clearly indicate that gentamicin exerts its
      main effect on proximal tubular cells. Decreased potassium and increased sodium
      and chloride concentrations were observed in proximal tubular cells exhibiting
      only mild histological damage prior to the onset of advanced tissue injury.
      Necrotic cells, on the other hand, showed widely variable intracellular
      electrolyte concentration patterns.

PMID- 3404812
TI  - Renal disease and the development of hypertension in salt-sensitive Dahl rats.
AB  - To elucidate the role of the kidneys in the development of hypertension in Dahl
      salt-sensitive (S), as compared to resistant (R) rats of the JR strain, we
      analyzed functional and morphological changes before and after the administration
      of an 8% NaCl diet and the onset of hypertension. The diet was begun at six weeks
      of age and was continued until 12 weeks of age. At six weeks, blood pressure was
      not different between S and R rats. Hypertension occurred in S rats receiving the
      8% NaCl diet at week 8, and in S rats receiving 0.9% NaCl at week 10. Albuminuria
      and proteinuria were found in S rats prior to the 8% NaCl diet and progressed
      regardless of diet. Electron microscopy of glomeruli revealed segmental loss of
      epithelial foot processes in S rats at six weeks prior to the 8% NaCl diet.
      Mesangial widening, arteriolar myo-intimal cell hyperplasia and interstitial
      fibrosis occurred in all S rats. Inulin and PAH clearances in S rats decreased
      with time, the changes being accelerated by the 8% NaCl diet. Micropuncture of S
      and R rats prior to the 8% NaCl diet revealed no glomerular hypertension in S
      rats. The number of glomeruli in S and R rats were not different. We conclude
      that prehypertensive S rats of the JR strain already have albuminuric glomerular
      disease not associated with reduced number of glomeruli or glomerular
      hypertension. The renal pathology is accelerated once hypertension develops. A
      lower NaCl intake delays, but does not prevent renal disease in S rats.

PMID- 3404814
TI  - Glucagon and prostaglandins are mediators of amino acid-induced rise in renal
      hemodynamics.
AB  - An oral protein load or infusion of amino acids induces a rise in renal
      hemodynamics in normal subjects, but the mechanisms mediating this phenomenon are
      unknown. We investigated whether glucagon may mediate the increase in RPF and GFR
      induced by an arginine infusion and whether prostaglandins are required for this
      effect. In four different studies, normal subjects underwent 13 inulin and PAH
      clearances of 30 minutes each. During the fourth and tenth clearance periods
      arginine HCl, 250 mg/kg, was infused over 30 minutes. At the beginning of the
      fifth clearance period several subjects ingested indomethacin, 150 mg, (N = 8) or
      ibuprofen, 800 mg (N = 6). Control subjects (N = 4) did not receive
      cyclooxygenase inhibitors. Six subjects underwent a similar protocol except that
      they were infused with glucagon, 6 ng/kg/min, instead of arginine, for 30 minutes
      during the fourth and tenth periods. They also ingested indomethacin, 150 mg, in
      the fifth period. In all four studies, a transient and significant rise in RPF
      and GRF and fall in RVR occurred during the first arginine or glucagon infusion.
      These changes in renal hemodynamics were blocked when the arginine or glucagon
      infusion was repeated after administration of indomethacin or ibuprofen. Urinary
      excretion of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha did not rise with either arginine infusion in the
      control subjects or in the individuals who received indomethacin. As predicted,
      urinary 6-keto-PGF1 alpha fell significantly after ingestion of indomethacin
      before the second infusion of arginine. Plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine
      concentrations were unaffected by the arginine infusions or by
      indomethacin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3404813
TI  - Chlorthalidone promotes mineral retention in patients with idiopathic
      hypercalciuria.
AB  - In seven patients with severe idiopathic hypercalciuria and recurrent calcium
      oxalate nephrolithiasis, we have determined the effects on mineral balance of
      chronic treatment with chlorthalidone or trichlormethiazide, drugs that are
      widely used to lower urine calcium losses and reduce stone recurrence. Each
      person excreted above 350 mg of calcium daily while untreated, and was studied
      twice, before and after three to six months of treatment. Compared to
      pretreatment, the drugs reduced intestinal calcium absorption; but they reduced
      urine calcium loss even more, so calcium retention increased. Phosphate retention
      also increased. Serum levels of calcitriol, parathyroid hormone, calcium,
      phosphate, and magnesium were unchanged. At least in patients of this type,
      chlorthalidone and trichlormethiazide seem ideal treatments, that lower urine
      calcium yet increase calcium and phosphate retention. Whether patients with less
      severe hypercalciuria respond this way is unknown.

PMID- 3404816
TI  - Analysis of efferent arteriole serum protein by gradient gel electrophoresis.

PMID- 3404815
TI  - Prednisolone can increase glomerular permeability to proteins in nephrotic
      syndrome.
AB  - In patients with a nephrotic syndrome administration of prednisolone causes an
      increase of proteinuria. To elucidate the mechanism of this effect we have
      studied the acute proteinuric effect of prednisolone, 125 to 150 mg
      intravenously, in nine patients (7 M, 2F) with a nephrotic syndrome. Mean age (+/
      SD) of the patients was 53 +/- 6 years, mean endogenous creatinine clearance 104
      +/- 30 ml/min, and mean proteinuria 7.7 +/- 3.0 g/24 hr. After administration of
      prednisolone, urinary total protein excretion rose in all patients from a mean
      (+/- SEM) of 4.89 +/- 0.59 mg/min before to 9.09 +/- 0.99 mg/min at five hours
      after administration (P less than 0.01). Glomerular filtration rate (inulin
      clearance), effective renal plasma flow (PAH clearance), and filtration fraction
      did not change significantly. The increases of urinary excretion of albumin
      (median %: +92%), IgG (median %: +88%), and transferrin (median %: +76%) were
      comparable and correlated significantly. Urinary excretion of beta 2
      microglobulin did not change significantly however. We conclude that intravenous
      administration of prednisolone to patients with a nephrotic syndrome causes an
      increase in urinary protein excretion rate which cannot be explained by changes
      in renal hemodynamics or tubular protein reabsorption, and which therefore must
      be the result of a change in glomerular permselectivity characteristics.

PMID- 3404817
TI  - Extrarenal complications of the nephrotic syndrome.

PMID- 3404818
TI  - [The status and prospects for improvement in transfusion science in the Ukrainian
      SSR].

PMID- 3404820
TI  - [Treatment procedure and outcome in posttraumatic soft-tissue defects with
      exposure of the bones of the cranial vault].

PMID- 3404819
TI  - [Disordered functions of the cellular immunity link in burn sepsis].

PMID- 3404821
TI  - [Hemodynamics of the burned hand with the local use of sorbent SKN-3M].

PMID- 3404822
TI  - [Pathomorphological characteristics of destructive-reparative processes in
      postburn pathological scars of the skin after cryogenic therapy].

PMID- 3404823
TI  - [Assessment of the middle molecule content of the blood in patients with surgical
      pathology].

PMID- 3404824
TI  - [Direct controlled endolymphatic antibiotic therapy in the combined treatment of
      sepsis].

PMID- 3404825
TI  - [Immunological reactivity following combined operations in patients with
      hereditary hemolytic microspherocytic anemia].

PMID- 3404826
TI  - [Diagnostic and treatment characteristics of closed chest trauma in patients with
      chronic nonspecific lung diseases].

PMID- 3404828
TI  - [Diaphragmatic echinococcosis].

PMID- 3404827
TI  - [Functional disorders of a mitral valve prosthesis].

PMID- 3404829
TI  - [Liver involvement in burn patients].

PMID- 3404830
TI  - [Effect of antioxidants on the intracellular regeneration of cerebral cortex
      neurons in burns].

PMID- 3404831
TI  - [Morphological characteristics of the mucosa of the small intestine in the early
      period of burns].

PMID- 3404832
TI  - [Experimental morphological validation of the use of chlorooxycell in the local
      treatment of thermal lesions].

PMID- 3404833
TI  - [A method for predicting the course and outcome of burn shock].

PMID- 3404834
TI  - [The course, prognosis and treatment of respiratory tract burns].

PMID- 3404835
TI  - [Antibiotic sensitivity of microorganisms detected in burns].

PMID- 3404836
TI  - [Choice of the laser therapy regimen in burn wounds].

PMID- 3404837
TI  - [Rheovasography of the burned hand].

PMID- 3404838
TI  - [Plastic repair with composite vascular-pedicle flaps in deep burns of the
      axillary area and cicatricial contracture of the shoulder].

PMID- 3404841
TI  - [Possible mechanism of the therapeutic effect of enterosorption].

PMID- 3404840
TI  - [The conditioning function of the respiratory tract in burns].

PMID- 3404839
TI  - [Use of intracorporeal laser irradiation of the blood in treating patients with
      suppurative-inflammatory diseases].

PMID- 3404842
TI  - [Treatment of burns using aerotherapy units].

PMID- 3404843
TI  - [Successful treatment of an elderly female patient with critical burns].

PMID- 3404844
TI  - [Transfusion of severely burned children using fresh-stored heparinized blood
      with blood correctors].

PMID- 3404845
TI  - [The mono-oxygenase enzyme system of the liver in patients with thermal burns].

PMID- 3404846
TI  - [Use of blood exchange replacement and hemosorption in treating hepatic coma].

PMID- 3404847
TI  - [Flow ultraviolet irradiation of the blood and hemosorption in the combined
      treatment of surgical sepsis].

PMID- 3404848
TI  - [Successful treatment of severe carbophos poisoning by using combined surgical
      methods of detoxication].

PMID- 3404849
TI  - [Long-term catheterization of the subclavian vein in hemophilia].

PMID- 3404850
TI  - [Column syringe for the hemosorption of nursing and young infants].

PMID- 3404852
TI  - [Rapid determination of the circulating blood volume in the surgical clinic].

PMID- 3404851
TI  - [Extracorporeal heparinization during hemosorption].

PMID- 3404853
TI  - [A method for preventing a spasm of the artery during its puncture and for
      increasing the effectiveness of intra-arterial infusion therapy].

PMID- 3404854
TI  - [Segmental resection of the stomach with preservation of the innervated antrum].

PMID- 3404856
TI  - [Means of reducing the incidence of emergency surgical diseases].

PMID- 3404855
TI  - [Effect of immunotherapy on the immunological status of patients and the course
      of the wound process in burns].

PMID- 3404857
TI  - [Ways of improving results of the treatment of patients with incarcerated
      hernias].

PMID- 3404858
TI  - [Treatment of disorders of external respiration by artificial hyperventilation of
      the lungs in incarcerated hernias].

PMID- 3404859
TI  - [Analysis of postoperative mortality in incarcerated external ventral hernia in
      middle-aged and elderly patients].

PMID- 3404860
TI  - [Roentgenological manifestations of acute cholecystitis in elderly patients].

PMID- 3404861
TI  - [Combined closed injuries of the pancreas and spleen].

PMID- 3404862
TI  - [Pharmacological effect, on arterial hypoxemia, of intrapulmonary shunting in the
      early period of traumatic shock].

PMID- 3404863
TI  - [Medico-legal and clinical aspects of trauma in traffic accidents].

PMID- 3404864
TI  - [Various clinical aspects of acute appendicitis].

PMID- 3404865
TI  - [The problem of acute gynecological pathology in the department of emergency
      surgery].

PMID- 3404866
TI  - [Effect of hyperbaric oxygenation on oxidation-reduction processes in patients
      with acute peritonitis].

PMID- 3404867
TI  - [The migration of anaerobic bacteria in the small-intestine wall in acute
      obstruction].

PMID- 3404869
TI  - [Active surgical tactics in acute cholecystitis in middle-aged and elderly
      patients].

PMID- 3404868
TI  - [Tactics in the treatment of patients with appendicular infiltrate].

PMID- 3404870
TI  - [The use of immobilized preparations for the control of suppurative-inflammatory
      complications and the pain syndrome in trauma and after the operation].

PMID- 3404871
TI  - [Increasing the effectiveness of the treatment of post-injection suppurative
      necrotic processes].

PMID- 3404872
TI  - [Experience with the surgical services in an emergency service hospital].

PMID- 3404873
TI  - [Analysis of mortality and means of reducing it in ulcer-related gastrointestinal
      hemorrhage in patients over 60 years of age].

PMID- 3404874
TI  - [Hemochromatosis associated with thrombophlebitis of the pelvic veins simulating
      acute abdomen].

PMID- 3404875
TI  - [Incarcerated inguinal hernia associated with perforated appendicitis].

PMID- 3404876
TI  - [Difficulties in the differential diagnosis of ischemic heart disease and acute
      surgical diseases of the abdominal organs in middle-aged and elderly patients].

PMID- 3404877
TI  - [Acute inflammation of the appendix situated in the ileal mesentery].

PMID- 3404878
TI  - [Perforation of an appendiceal cyst].

PMID- 3404879
TI  - [Foreign body of the appendix as the cause of acute appendicitis].

PMID- 3404880
TI  - [Incarceration of the appendix in femoral hernia].

PMID- 3404881
TI  - [Reoperation in acute appendicitis].

PMID- 3404882
TI  - [Perforation of the ileum by a fish bone associated with acute phlegmonous
      appendicitis].

PMID- 3404884
TI  - [Myxoma of the appendix with development of pseudomyxoma of the abdominal
      cavity].

PMID- 3404883
TI  - [Abscess of the appendiceal stump].

PMID- 3404885
TI  - [Undiagnosed perforation of acute stress-induced stomach ulcer in a patient with
      cholelithiasis and adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder].

PMID- 3404886
TI  - [Knotted intestine in a pregnant woman].

PMID- 3404887
TI  - [Intestinal obstruction caused by a gallstone].

PMID- 3404888
TI  - [Intestinal obstruction caused by gallstones].

PMID- 3404889
TI  - [Torsion of the omental process of the large intestine].

PMID- 3404890
TI  - [Thrombosis of the mesenteric vessels in a patient with hereditary
      thrombophilia].

PMID- 3404892
TI  - [Multiple gunshot wounds of the duodenum].

PMID- 3404891
TI  - [Favorable outcome of thrombosis of the mesenteric artery complicated by
      infarction of the small intestine].

PMID- 3404893
TI  - [Chylous peritonitis].

PMID- 3404894
TI  - [Injuries of the left inguinal region and thigh].

PMID- 3404895
TI  - [Extraperitoneal rupture of the descending colon and blood vessels of the
      retroperitoneal space].

PMID- 3404896
TI  - [The treatment of patients with maxillofacial injuries in the polytrauma
      department].

PMID- 3404897
TI  - [A device for guided opening of small abscesses].

PMID- 3404898
TI  - [A device for bringing together the wound edges].

PMID- 3404900
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of recurrent ulcers following vagotomy].

PMID- 3404899
TI  - [Microcirculatory disorders and their correction in patients with acute ulcer
      related gastrointestinal hemorrhage].

PMID- 3404901
TI  - [Prevention and treatment of eventration].

PMID- 3404902
TI  - [A method of intraoperative determination of a predisposition to the dumping
      syndrome].

PMID- 3404903
TI  - [A potentiometric method of intraoperative determination of the completeness of
      vagotomy].

PMID- 3404904
TI  - [Transverse gastroduodenal anastomosis in organ-sparing operations for duodenal
      ulcer].

PMID- 3404905
TI  - [Formation of a gastroenteroanastomosis].

PMID- 3404906
TI  - [Efficacy of new methods of hemorrhoidectomy in patients with acute thrombosis of
      hemorrhoidal nodes].

PMID- 3404908
TI  - [Organ-sparing operations in bleeding duodenal ulcer and situs inversus
      viscerum].

PMID- 3404907
TI  - [Surgical treatment of high ulcers of the stomach].

PMID- 3404909
TI  - [Appendix-small intestine fistula as a complication of acute appendicitis].

PMID- 3404911
TI  - [Ladd's syndrome].

PMID- 3404910
TI  - [Acute appendicitis in complete situs inversus viscerum].

PMID- 3404912
TI  - [Ladd's syndrome].

PMID- 3404913
TI  - [Complete prolapse of the ileocecal segment through the rectum].

PMID- 3404914
TI  - [Extensive resection of the small intestine in mesenteric thrombosis].

PMID- 3404915
TI  - [Fibrolipoma simulating gastric ulcer].

PMID- 3404916
TI  - [Duplication of the transverse colon].

PMID- 3404917
TI  - [Simultaneous injuries to the extra- and intra-abdominal portions of the rectum].

PMID- 3404918
TI  - [Abdomino-perineal excision of the rectum in emergency situations].

PMID- 3404919
TI  - [Gastric and duodenal ulcers in elderly patients].

PMID- 3404921
TI  - [Radical operations on patients undergoing closure of a perforated duodenal
      ulcer].

PMID- 3404920
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of chronic disorders of duodenal patency combined with
      gastric and duodenal ulcers].

PMID- 3404922
TI  - [Diagnosis and surgical treatment of giant ulcers of the duodenum].

PMID- 3404924
TI  - [Surgical treatment of retrobulbar ulcers of the duodenum complicated by
      hemorrhage].

PMID- 3404923
TI  - [Rehabilitation following selective proximal vagotomy].

PMID- 3404925
TI  - [Results of surgical treatment of patients with gastric and duodenal ulcers using
      lateral transverse valved gastroenteroanastomosis].

PMID- 3404926
TI  - [Treatment of perforated pyloroduodenal ulcers].

PMID- 3404927
TI  - [Prediction of an unsatisfactory course of peptic ulcer following closure of a
      perforated duodenal ulcer].

PMID- 3404928
TI  - [Diurnal profile of uropepsinogen in the surgical treatment of peptic ulcer].

PMID- 3404929
TI  - [Immunologic aspects of duodenal ulcer].

PMID- 3404930
TI  - [Detoxification therapy of diffuse purulent peritonitis of appendicular
      etiology].

PMID- 3404931
TI  - [Blood circulation in the gastric wall during esophagogastroplasty].

PMID- 3404932
TI  - [Concurrent operations in adhesive disease].

PMID- 3404933
TI  - [Diagnosis and surgical treatment of atypical forms of choledocholithiasis].

PMID- 3404934
TI  - [Methods of improving the results of selective proximal vagotomy].

PMID- 3404935
TI  - [Temperature changes in the wall of the gastrointestinal tract during coagulation
      by a YAG:Nd laser beam].

PMID- 3404936
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of closed injuries of the spleen].

PMID- 3404937
TI  - [Etiology and pathogenesis of post-gastrectomized peptic ulcers of the jejunum].

PMID- 3404938
TI  - [White noise field campimetry. A new form of perimetric examination].
AB  - Patients with circumscribed visual field defects can perceive them while looking
      at a surface with small black and white spots flickering randomly at high
      frequency (such as the white-noise field of a TV screen following the end of
      transmissions for the day). This autonomous perception of scotomata can be used
      as a screening method, to perform subsequent manual or automatic grid perimetry
      with the same TV monitor, concentrating on the defective part of the visual field
      alone. The results of white-noise scotometry used to examine the visual fields of
      161 patients are presented. It appears that the test is capable of identifying
      suprageniculate homonymous hemianopias, since patients either do not observe them
      at all in the white-noise field or only to a far lesser degree. In addition, the
      blind spot and some congenital visual field defects are not observed as visual
      field defects at all in the white-noise field. However, all acquired
      circumscribed defects caused by lesions of the first, second, or third neuron are
      readily seen in the white-noise field if the patient is capable of stable
      fixation.

PMID- 3404939
TI  - ["Biocytology" of diffuse malignant melanomas of the anterior uvea (preliminary
      report)].
AB  - Between 1983 and 1986, six eyes with diffuse malignant melanomas of the anterior
      uvea were enucleated at the Eye Hospital of the University of Erlangen-Nurnberg.
      The characteristic clinical findings were a monolateral open-angle glaucoma in
      the same eye and a diffuse spreading of malignant melanocytes on the inner walls
      of the anterior chamber. These cells can be differentiated biomicroscopically (40
      x magnification, Zeiss slit-lamp) from melanin granula and benign melanocytes.
      Findings in two patients show that individual cells can be biocytologically
      classified in this way. Malignant cells are characterized by large, prominent
      nuclei and long cytoplasmic processes. Biocytological evaluation of individual
      melanocytic cells can be helpful in the differential diagnosis of melanocytic
      processes of the anterior uvea.

PMID- 3404940
TI  - [Prognostic relevance of histopathologic parameters in malignant melanoma of the
      choroid using the pTNM classification].
AB  - On the basis of data collected over a period of 22 years from 376 patients
      enucleated at the Eye Clinic of Karl Marx University, Leipzig because of
      malignant choroidal melanoma, the prognostic significance and reliability of
      various histopathological characteristics was investigated. The most significant
      characteristic proved to be the cell type, followed by the degree of
      pigmentation, the nature and degree of infiltration of the sclera, and tumor
      size. The relationship of these parameters to the survival rate was shown to be
      statistically significant by the mortality tabulation method, contingency
      tabulation method and rank correlation (Spearman). Furthermore, various
      correlations between the observed variables were ascertained. This statistical
      analysis shows that the mitosis has no significant bearing on the prognosis. The
      five-year metastasis rate was 32.8% and the ten-year rate 40.3%. The metastasis
      peak of 10.4% occurs in the second postoperative year. After the fifth year the
      annual mortality rate falls to less than 2% and after the seventh year to less
      than 1%. The data also indicate that even small, Stage I melanomas metastasize if
      they are not composed purely of spindle cells. With such tumors the peak
      metastasis rate shifts to the fourth postoperative year.

PMID- 3404942
TI  - [Role of nuclear magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of monosymptomatic
      optic neuritis].
AB  - 34 patients with monosymptomatic optic neuritis were examined ophthalmologically
      and by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In 18 patients subclinical lesions with
      a high MRI signal intensity were found. The distribution of these lesions was
      similar to that seen in multiple sclerosis. Neither the severity of the visual
      impairment nor the course of remission correlated to the MRI findings. Pathologic
      MRI findings were more common in patients aged over 27 than in younger patients
      (57% vs. 42%).

PMID- 3404941
TI  - [Optic papilla parameters in healthy subjects--quantified with the optic nerve
      head analyzer].
AB  - The cup-disk ratio (CDR), the size of the neuroretinal rim area as well as the
      other disk parameters investigated with the Optic Nerve Head Analyzer (ONHA) were
      measured in double examinations of 32 healthy eyes in 32 patients. Thus, "normal"
      values were determined for the various disk parameters. A new method is presented
      for calculating one average pallor value for the disk. The mean value for disk
      pallor in healthy eyes is determined. Examination of the CDR in the quadrants of
      the disk reveals significant differences. According to the results of a multi
      regressional analysis of the various disk parameters, the size of the
      neuroretinal rim area in healthy eyes is influenced by the size of the disk, the
      disk volume and the elevation volume. The correlation between the size of the
      neuroretinal rim area and the size of the disk reveals a significant
      interdependence: a larger disk also has a greater neuroretinal rim area as
      compared to a smaller disk. This means that sizes of neuroretinal rim areas of
      different disk should only be compared when the disks are the same size. Relative
      values, such as the CDR or the ratio between the size of the neuroretinal rim
      area and disk size (rim area/disk area), are therefore better suited for
      comparison.

PMID- 3404943
TI  - [Nuclear magnetic resonance tomography study in orbital diseases with surface
      coils].
AB  - MRI of the orbit with surface coils was performed in 40 patients. In 35 cases the
      findings were pathologic. The most frequent (n = 9) were malignant melanomas of
      the choroid, which were distinguishable from hemorrhages (n = 2) by the
      characteristic signal intensity pattern. MRI only offered advantages over CT in
      lesions of the orbital apex, the upper part of the orbit, and in the diagnosis of
      inflammatory processes. In most of the cases of orbital tumors, and particularly
      where there was involvement of bony structures, CT was equal to or better than
      MRI.

PMID- 3404944
TI  - [Parapapillary diameter of retinal vessels. I. Estimating the size of the optic
      papilla (a papillometric study of over 264 normal eyes)].
AB  - The diameter of the temporal superior and inferior retinal artery and vein were
      measured at the optic disk border and 2 mm from the disk center in 264
      nonselected normal eyes on the basis of photographs, with correction of
      magnification. Additionally, the individual ocular magnification factor was
      determined by Littmann's method. The mean caliber of the artery was 0.113 +/-
      0.019 mm at the disk border and 0.118 +/- 0.023 2 mm from the disk center. The
      corresponding values for the vein were 0.149 +/- 0.026 mm and 0.159 +/- 0.026 mm.
      The correlations between vessel caliber and disk size were not significant, but
      the relationship between disk size and the quotient of vessel diameter divided by
      disk size was highly significant (p less than 0.0001). Vessel diameter can
      therefore be taken as an independent unit for determining optic disk size in
      relative and approximately also in absolute units. Thus, mean horizontal disk
      diameter (1.77 +/- 0.33 mm) corresponded to 16.3 +/- 3.5 artery and 12.3 +/- 2.6
      vein diameters (measured at the optic disk border). The mean individual ocular
      magnification factor was 0.302 +/- 0.017, with a Gauss standard distribution. If
      the optical characteristics of a photographed eye are not known and the ocular
      magnification factor is assumed to be 0.302, then 68.3% of all eyes will be
      covered with an inaccuracy of 5.6% and 95.5% of all eyes with an inaccuracy of
      11.2%.

PMID- 3404945
TI  - [Random dot stereograms and the limits of their detectability].
AB  - The influence of contrast reduction combined with aniseikonia on disparities in
      the TNO test was investigated with monocular induced refractive errors by
      spherical convex and concave lenses. Single contrast reduction was produced by
      Bangerter foils. Unilateral near vision of 0.1-0.2 is compatible with a positive
      TNO test. The average tolerance limit of the TNO test was 6% when produced by
      monocular induced refractive error. Otherwise, pure aniseikonia values of 5% to
      9% produced by overall-size lenses are compatible with the TNO test.

PMID- 3404946
TI  - [Evaluation of the tolerance of the intra-ocular injection of hydroxypropyl
      methylcellulose in animal experiments].
AB  - Hydroxy-propyl-methyl-cellulose (HPMC) was injected into the anterior chambers or
      vitreous bodies of rabbit eyes in order to test local and systemic tolerance. In
      doing so the typical intraoperative complication of capsule rupture, which, in
      anterior segment surgery in man, allows HPMC to enter the vitreous body, was
      simulated. Neither clinically, nor in laboratory workup, nor histopathologically
      could any difference be shown between the local and systemic reactions of HPMC
      and those of DRSS. The data obtained in the study admit the conclusion that HPMC
      can be used in surgery of the anterior segment without any risk of adverse
      reactions.

PMID- 3404947
TI  - [The so-called "ocular histoplasmosis syndrome"].
AB  - The authors describe seven patients presenting with ophthalmoscopic findings
      typical of "presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome." However, no humoral
      antibodies could be demonstrated. Moreover, the results of skin tests were all
      negative even after "boostering." Hence, the diagnosis of ocular histoplasmosis
      had to be ruled out. Tests for listeriosis, lues, leptospirosis, ornithosis,
      Toxocara canis, toxoplasmosis, Larva migrans, and Candida albicans were also
      negative. There are evidently other, so far unknown, agents which lead to an
      ophthalmoscopic picture that mimics ocular histoplasmosis with its typical
      "punched-out lesions" and central hemorrhagic chorioretinopathy. One of these
      agents may be Epstein-Barr virus, because two of six patients had increased
      antibody levels of Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen and early antigen, indicating an
      active or persistent state of viral infection.

PMID- 3404949
TI  - [Proceedings of the 80th annual meeting of the Swiss Ophthalmology Society. 9-12
      September 1987, Engelberg].

PMID- 3404948
TI  - [Unusual course of Goodpasture syndrome].
AB  - Description of a case of Goodpasture's syndrome with vasculitis of the retinal
      vessels and macular edema. Unusually, the ocular signs became manifest some time
      before the appearance of hemoptysis and renal insufficiency.

PMID- 3404950
TI  - [Electroretinography changes in carriers of X-chromosomal retinitis pigmentosa].
AB  - Out of five families with pedigrees typical for X-linked retinitis pigmentosa
      (RP) the authors examined eight definite and eight possible female carriers.
      Subjective symptoms were mild and variable, consisting mainly of relative
      nyctalopia. Ophthalmoscopic examination revealed a normal fundus, or mild changes
      suggestive of RP, or even marked changes. Perimetry (Goldmann) revealed some
      narrowing of the outer isopter corresponding to a significant reduction in visual
      field area. In testing dark adaptation, the final rod threshold was slightly
      elevated in five out of 16 subjects. Ganzfeld-electroretinography using matched
      band filters in conditions of dark and light adaptation to selectively stimulate
      rod and cone signals revealed reduced b-wave amplitudes in most cases. White
      stimuli, applied in dark adaptation, generated ERGs with less abnormality than
      the selective rod and cone ERGs. Peak times of the cone b-waves were prolonged in
      most cases. The ERG abnormalities were more pronounced in definite carriers and
      in advanced age. In some cases remarkable differences were noted between the two
      eyes as regards fundus morphology and ERG responses. The authors conclude that
      the possibility of improved genetic and educational counseling in families
      afflicted by X-linked RP justifies the considerable diagnostic effort involved in
      such examinations.

PMID- 3404951
TI  - [Infrared angiography in increased intraocular pressure].
AB  - Infrared angiography of the fundus was performed twice on a number of eyes of
      healthy subjects and glaucoma patients, once when IOP was normal and again when
      it was increased by around 20 mmHg. The passage of contrast medium through the
      eye, visible as increasing blackening of the film, was recorded quantitatively by
      computer-aided image analysis. In both groups there was a considerable diminution
      of fluorescence, in particular of the choroid; the effect on the central artery
      and the optic disk was somewhat less pronounced.

PMID- 3404952
TI  - [Pars plana vitrectomy in chronic uveitis].
AB  - Statistical analysis of 54 eyes with chronical endogenous uveitis, mostly
      juvenile, treated with simple or combined pars plana vitrectomy. Most striking is
      the high frequency of localized or combined cyclitis with good functional
      results, although complications of the disease (retinal detachment, vasculitis,
      PVR, macular damage) are extremely frequent in cyclitis, and this group also
      includes, three cases of postoperative phthisis. The best argument in favor of an
      chronic uveitis is the fact that an overwhelming majority of the patients were
      able to switch from rigorous systemic preoperative medication to simple eye drops
      or no treatment at all.

PMID- 3404953
TI  - [Secondary implantation of the Omnifit II].
AB  - In this paper the author discusses the problems of secondary intraocular lens
      implantation with the Kelman Omnifit II lens following intracapsular cataract
      extraction. Indication, surgical technique, and complications are described. In
      13 cases unilateral and in three cases bilateral implantations were performed.
      The results, after an average follow-up period of two years, were good in 18
      cases. In one complicated case corneal decompensation occurred after a lens
      dislocation. The continuing good visual acuity results and low incidence of
      implant-related intraocular problems in this series suggest that anterior chamber
      IOLs are a safe and effective means of correcting surgical aphakia.

PMID- 3404954
TI  - [Neuhann capsulorhexis: a technic for reliable implantation of the capsule sack].
AB  - The Neuhann Capsulorhexis allows for a continuous, circular opening in the
      anterior lens capsule. After excavation of the lens matter the circular round
      edge in the anterior capsule provides maximum stability in the zonulolenticular
      diaphragm and facilitates controlled in-the-bag implantation of the lens haptic.
      Histologic studies of cadaver eyes have revealed that the correlation between the
      position of the lens loops as intended by the surgeon intraoperatively and their
      actual positioning is poor. It has therefore not been possible to prove the
      advantages of all-in-the-bag implantation as compared to sulcus fixation. The
      Neuhann Capsulorhexis reduces the morphological variability of the anterior
      capsule; furthermore, the position of the lens haptic can easily be determined
      both intraoperatively as well as postoperatively. This is a prerequisite for
      evaluating the best position for the lens haptic as well as for clinical
      evaluation of new types of intraocular lens.

PMID- 3404957
TI  - [New methods of refractive corneal surgery. Experimental studies].
AB  - In an experimental study the surface characteristics of two fundamentally
      different lamellar corneal dissection techniques were compared. Using porcine
      corneae, 9.5 mm lenticles were cut from the whole globe and evaluated by SEM.
      With an oscillating blade, a smooth cut surface was found in most cases with
      occasional irregularities. The rotating lamellar keratome had uniform cutting
      characteristics with a somewhat wavy surface structure, which has not so far been
      observed in human tissue. By increasing the speed of rotation and decreasing the
      rate of advance of the blade the surface structure was improved. The two cutting
      principles and their possible clinical applications are discussed.

PMID- 3404956
TI  - [Pseudophakic bullous keratopathy].
AB  - The number of cataract extractions in Switzerland has tripled since 1981. In
      1986, a total of 15,500 cataract operations were performed, 95% of which were
      accompanied by an intraocular lens implantation. In spite of this tremendous
      increase pseudophakic bullous keratopathy remains a rare indication for
      keratoplasties: between 1980 and 1986 only 20 grafts were performed at the
      authors' clinic for irreversible corneal edema following lens implantation. After
      implantation of posterior chamber lenses, penetrating keratoplasty for corneal
      decompensation is performed after a significantly shorter period (one year) than
      with anterior chamber lenses (three years), or in iris-supported lenses (four
      years). In Switzerland, the incidence of pseudophakic bullous keratopathy among
      patients with posterior chamber lenses is around 0.1 to 0.3%. A long-term
      investigation of the endothelial cell density over a period of seven years in 16
      patients with a Binkhorst two-loop lens revealed a quite stable and satisfactory
      cell density of 1600 cells/mm2.

PMID- 3404955
TI  - [Aphakic versus pseudophakic retinal detachments].
AB  - Aphakic retinal detachments and pseudophakic retinal detachments (i.e.,
      detachments following extracapsular cataract extraction and posterior chamber
      lens implant surgery) from the last 3 1/2 years were studied retrospectively. In
      the aphakic group, myopia (mean preoperative refraction -2.60) and intraoperative
      loss of vitreous (10.3%) were found to be risk factors. In the pseudophakic
      group, male patients predominated (21/26 = 80.8%); furthermore, myopia (mean
      preoperative refraction -4.60, mean axial length = 24.98 mm) was also a risk
      factor. Additional risk factors included intraoperative rupture of the capsule
      (11.5%) as well as postoperative Neodymium-YAG laser capsulotomy (34.6%). There
      was no appreciable difference between the two groups with regard to the type of
      detachment. In more than 50% of the cases, retinal tears occurred in the superior
      temporal quadrant. In 19.4% of the cases with pseudophakic retinal detachment, no
      foramen could be found; on the other hand, only in 7.7% of the cases in the
      aphakic group was no retinal hole seen. Surgery was anatomically successful in
      92.3% of the pseudophakia cases. In the group with pseudophakic retinal
      detachment retinal surgery was only successful in 84.6% of the cases.

PMID- 3404958
TI  - [Proliferative vitreoretinopathy: relation to the extent of retinal detachment,
      size of retinal tears and coagulation surface].
AB  - Preretinal dispersion of stimulated RPE cells has been suggested as a possible
      cause of the development of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). Retinal
      detachment (RD) and retinal breaks are associated with an exposure of
      corresponding areas of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) which has been
      mechanically stimulated by coagulation. In a prospective, controlled study of 141
      patients between 20 and 75 years of age, PVR grades were determined before and RD
      surgery and within six months following it PVR grades were correlated with the
      extent of RD, size of breaks, and area of coagulation. The severity of the PVR
      correlated significantly with both the extent of RD as well as the total number
      of coagulation exposures. There was a tendency toward higher grades of PVR with
      larger retinal breaks. The results are compatible with the hypothesis that at
      least certain variations of PVR are caused by preretinal dispersion of stimulated
      RPE cells.

PMID- 3404959
TI  - [Abnormalities of retinal function (light sense) following idiopathic central
      serous chorioretinopathy and diffuse retinal epitheliopathy].
AB  - Although central serous retinopathy is considered a "benign" condition, it is
      associated in healed forms with frequent and troublesome impairment of visual
      function. The abnormalities are even more severe after diffuse retinal pigment
      epitheliopathy. Since Snellen visual acuity testing is a relatively imprecise
      index of visual function, it does not enable the subtle visual disturbances
      experienced by these patients to be fully appreciated. The authors evaluated
      visual function disorders by static automated perimetry and contrast sensitivity
      in 30 patients with healed central serous retinopathy and in five patients with
      diffuse epitheliopathy at a cicatricial stage. The results of this study are
      examined and discussed.

PMID- 3404960
TI  - [Near heterophoria with a description of the heterometer].
AB  - The examination of near heterophoria with a heterometer using a large series of
      test plates presented "free-sighted" (i.e., not hindered by optical or mechanical
      means) enables a more comprehensive analysis to be made than has so far been
      achieved with other instruments. The principal components of the instruments are
      an angle mirror and various test panels. The selection of test panels currently
      available should be developed further. However, comparison with other instruments
      for examining near heterophoria justifies the conclusion that heterophoria or
      nearsightedness due to errors of refraction can be determined more easily with
      this instrument and hence treated more appropriately. Results of examination with
      the heterometer, combined with exhaustive application of comprehensive analytical
      test procedures, will probably help to extend our knowledge of the control
      sequence of binocular coordination in near vision. The instrument has already
      proved its value not only in orthoptic departments, clinics, and
      ophthalmologists' offices, but also for determining refractive indices and for
      screening. It can therefore be recommended for the diagnosis of near
      heterophoria.

PMID- 3404961
TI  - [Hemianopic visual field defects--methods of study and localization problems].
AB  - In a survey of methods for determining hemianopic visual field defects, a
      distinction is made between gross visual field screening and actual visual field
      examination with kinetic and automatic static perimetry. These methods may be
      arranged according to increasing the concentration required as well as to ability
      to cooperate, as follows: hand-movement stimulation of shifts of gaze, finger
      counting with repetition by the patient, brightness and color comparison among
      the respective halves and quadrants of the visual field, then kinetic perimetry
      with the Goldmann perimeter, and, most exacting of all, automated perimetry. The
      advantages of kinetic perimetry in cases of incipient bitemporal visual field
      defects are discussed. For visual field examination with automated static
      perimeters, test programs are chosen which have their test-point pattern shifted
      with respect to the principal meridian. The diagnostic situations in which visual
      field testing may and must not be limited to 30 degrees are presented in tabular
      form. Guidelines and criteria for localizing lesions have been developed, i.e.,
      the vertical and horizontal limits of the major axes which pass through the
      fixation point and the temporal crescent. Consideration of the course of the
      nerve fibers in the retina and of the fact that exact separation between superior
      and inferior may only be found temporal to the foveola with corresponding nasal
      defects enables horizontally limited visual field defects originating within the
      eye to be distinguished clearly from those originating in the visual cortex.
      Vertical limits due to semidecussation at the chiasma permit a differentiation
      between prechiasmic and postchiasmic lesions. In homonymous defects,
      consideration of further simple anatomic features of the visual pathway, namely
      the knee of Wilbrand and that portion of the optic radiation which extends
      anteriorly to the temporal lobes and which represents the inferior retinal halves
      with characteristic defects, also enables lesions in the visual pathway to be
      localized more accurately.

PMID- 3404962
TI  - [Hemianopsia and agnosia].
AB  - Hemianopsia and agnosia, the coexistence of a disorder of perception and a
      disorder of recognition, is exemplified by two patients chosen for their clinical
      similarity. These two patients each had a stroke, one of the left and the other
      of the right posterior cerebral artery, resulting right and left hemianopsia
      respectively. Primary visual functions such as visual acuity and contrast
      sensitivity were intact. The differences were only apparent as regards the
      severity of the agnostic disorders. The patient with the lesion on the left
      failed to recognize stylized drawings, was alexic, could not lipread and was
      color anomic, but could easily identify handwriting, faces, and voices. The
      patient with the right posterior lesion could not recognize handwriting, was
      prosopagnosic and topographagnosic, but had no difficulty in reading, lipreading,
      or in recognizing stylized drawings. The apparent double dissociation of function
      demonstrates the presence of two different visual processing mechanisms which are
      very probably peculiar to the visual system of the left hemisphere in the one
      case and to that of the right hemisphere in the other. The authors' findings
      suggest that the two cerebral hemispheres differ fundamentally in the way they
      process visual information.

PMID- 3404963
TI  - [Vascular cause of hemianopsia].
AB  - Hemianopsia of vascular origin can be caused by diseases in the carotid
      circulation (optic tract, proximal third of the optic radiation), as well as in
      the vertebrobasilar arterial system (middle and distal thirds of the optic tract,
      striate area/calcarina). Hemianopsia of ischemic origin must be differentiated
      from hemianopia in the presence of an enlarging aneurysm, a space-occupying
      intracranial lesion (hemorrhage, neoplasia), and inflammatory disease,
      occasionally in metabolic disorders. To detect the exact cause of a hemianopia in
      a given patient, recording of the patient's precise history and clinical
      neurological, clinical-ophthalmological, and clinical-internal examinations are
      mandatory, as well as additional diagnostic procedures. Of these, the most
      important are neurovascular ultrasound examinations (extracranial, transcranial
      and B-mode/duplex Doppler examination), CT and MRI scans, and cardiological
      examination with echocardiography. The choice of these additional and costly
      examinations and their sequence in the diagnostic work-up in a given patient has
      to be adapted to the patient.

PMID- 3404965
TI  - [Homonymous hemianopsia and its rehabilitation].
AB  - The majority of patients with homonymous visual field disorders after
      postchiasmatic brain damage suffer from reading disabilities (known as hemianopic
      dyslexia) because the residual visual field is too small for complete
      comprehension of words and sentences. Furthermore, they typically show a
      reduction of searching movements in the affected hemifield. As a rule, an
      adequate adaptation of their reading and searching strategies to the field
      disorder does not take place spontaneously. Therefore, these patients need early
      and efficient systematic treatment. Using a new electronic device, both the
      impairments in reading and in visual exploration can be treated successfully
      within a relatively short period of time. Most of the patients successfully
      employ the strategies learned during training in their everyday lives. Thus, the
      proposed treatment may be considered an effective means of reducing the degree of
      their visual disability.

PMID- 3404966
TI  - [Rehabilitation of the hemianopsia patient from the viewpoint of the
      ergotherapist].
AB  - Hemianopsia, above all if it is associated with other neuropsychological deficits
      (neglect, disturbances of spatial orientation) is very disturbing for the patient
      in daily life. The patient has difficulty dressing, exhibits poor spatial
      orientation, has difficulty construing spatial relations or reading. Ergotherapy
      tries to combat all these disorders. There are various methods of treatment at
      the ergotherapist's disposal: activities of everyday life, such as self-help and
      household training, functional games, craft skills and neurotraining, which aims
      in particular at improving intellectual function. In a well-protected environment
      the patient learns to judge his or her capabilities correctly once again and to
      make the best of his or her strength or weaknesses in daily life.

PMID- 3404964
TI  - [Functional monocular hemianopsia].
AB  - Certain patients with reduction or loss of central visual function and/or
      hemianopic changes of the visual field can be classified as well-informed
      malingerers, individuals who are easily influenced by suggestion, or neurotics
      suffering from "conversion hysteria." The main symptom is one of a functional
      sensory change (loss or reduction of visual field). The task falling to the
      ophthalmologist is to prove the contrary, using certain subjective and objective
      tests to prove the incompatibility of the results with the physiological facts.
      The authors discuss the specificity of these tests in this context and present a
      number of cases with the characteristic temporal or nasal functional hemianopsia
      comparing them with patients who have hemianopsias due to real anatomic lesions.

PMID- 3404967
TI  - [Fresnel prisms--their value in the rehabilitation of homonymous hemianopsias].
AB  - The use of press-on Fresnel prisms is described as a simple inexpensive technique
      to rehabilitate patients with homonymous hemianopsia. The optical principle of
      prismatic displacement from the blind to the seeing fields is detailed herein.
      Forty-one patients were evaluated over a 10 year period. Twenty per cent
      benefited from the prism. Many of those who found limited or little value from
      their use expressed appreciation that something had been tried in order to
      improve visual function. Those patients with good acuity and an otherwise normal
      neurological status are the best candidates. Proper motivation and instruction
      are essential.

PMID- 3404968
TI  - [Report on the conservative treatment of melanoma of the uvea at the Lausanne
      University Ophthalmologic Clinic].
AB  - A great number of techniques are currently available for the conservative
      treatment of uveal melanomas: ocular applicators emitting gamma rays 60Co, 125I)
      or high-energy beta rays (106Ru/106Rh), light photocoagulation, surgical
      excision, and accelerated proton beam irradiation. Life expectancy following
      conservative treatment is equal to or better than that following enucleation.
      This is demonstrated by nonrandomized comparative studies, and by the authors'
      own long-term results following the conservative treatment of melanomas by 60Co
      applicators: mortality due to metastases of small melanomas was 3% (V = smaller
      than 10 x 10 x 3 mm), with medium-size melanomas it was 12% (V = 10 x 10 x 3-15 x
      15 x 5 mm), and with large melanomas 21% (V = larger than 15 x 15 x 5 mm).
      Accelerated proton beam irradiation of uveal melanomas is currently the method of
      choice for the conservative treatment of uveal melanomas. The sharp boundaries of
      the irradiated zone, the uniformly distributed irradiation dose, and beam
      splitting are the main advantages of this technique. During the last three years,
      310 cases of uveal melanoma have been treated in Switzerland with an accelerated
      proton beam. Of these, 214 were followed up for more than one year. Eight
      patients (3.9%) died of metastases. Visual acuity was identical or superior to
      initial visual acuity in 60.3% of the cases, while 39.6% exhibited a
      deterioration of vision or a functional loss. Favorable results achieved by
      conservative treatment of uveal melanomas considerably limited the indications
      for enucleation, which is now only performed in exceptional situations.

PMID- 3404969
TI  - [Retinoblastoma and pseudoretinoblastoma: diagnostic study].
AB  - Between 1963 and 1987 admitted Lausanne University Eye Hospital 140 infants with
      suspected retinoblastoma. Of these, 98 (70%) were subsequently confirmed cases,
      while 42 (30%) were found to be suffering from a benign disorder. Among these
      pseudoretinoblastomas, Coats' disease was found to be the most prevalent (21%) in
      this study. The examination procedure is discussed and the importance of genetic
      research is emphasized.

PMID- 3404970
TI  - [Interobserver comparison of quantitative analysis of local wall function of the
      left ventricle in stress cineventriculography].
AB  - During diagnostic heart catheterization biplane cineventriculograms of 46
      patients at rest and directly after bicycle ergometry (72.8 +/- 27.8 W) were
      performed. The aim of the study was to determine the value of local wall motion
      analysis under physical exercise. Therefore two observers independently analyzed
      global and local left ventricular parameters. 38 patients had coronary artery
      disease, 23 with a history of myocardial infarction. Enddiastolic (EDV) and
      endsystolic volume (ESV) were evaluated and ejection fraction (EF) was
      calculated. Local wall motion was analyzed using a radial model with 60 radii in
      the 30 degrees RAO- and 60 degrees LAO-Projektion. A systolic segmental
      shortening was determined for the anterobasal (AB), anterolateral (AL), apical
      (AP), diaphragmatic (DP), posterobasal (PB) (30 degrees-RAO), septal (SE) and
      posterolateral (PL) area (60 degrees-LAO). Global functional parameters (EDV,
      ESV, EF) revealed good correlations between both observers with correlation
      coefficients (r) varying from 0.83 to 0.92. Local wall motion had sufficient
      correlations (r) at rest and during exercise (data in brackets) in the RAO
      projektion: AB: 0.88 (0.73), AL: 0.69 (0.72), AP: 0.82 (0.78), DP: 0.77 (0.75),
      PB: 0.78 (0.78) and in the septal segment (LAO-projection): 0.69 (0.71). Less
      sufficient correlations were found in the posterolateral segment (LAO, especially
      at rest: 0.50 (0.69). Thus, global ventricular parameters can be determined at
      rest and during exercise independently of the observer. Local wall motion, too,
      can be quantified with sufficient accuracy with exception of the posterolateral
      area in the LAO-projektion.

PMID- 3404971
TI  - Progressive renal failure in a patient after one and two-thirds nephrectomy.
AB  - We report on a patient who lost one and two-thirds of his kidneys following
      surgery because of bilateral renal cell carcinoma. The serum creatinine following
      surgical intervention increased to about 7 mg% and fell to serum values of about
      3 mg% in the year after one and two-thirds nephrectomy. The patient's renal
      function remained stable for 18 months, then it started to deteriorate and the
      patient developed progressive renal failure with proteinuria. The course of the
      disease suggests that an intrinsic renal mechanism was operative, which relates
      to glomerular hyperfiltration following surgical loss of renal tissue.

PMID- 3404973
TI  - Calmodulin antagonists inhibit the phagocytic activity of cultured Kupffer cells.
AB  - The mechanism of phagocytosis by Kupffer cells is still unknown. In this study we
      found that trifluoperazine, chlorpromazine, and W-7, drugs which bind to Ca2+
      calmodulin and inhibit its interaction with other proteins, inhibit phagocytosis
      by cultured Kupffer cells using polystyrene beads, time-lapse VTR systems, and
      fluorescent staining techniques. Inhibitory effects of these drugs on
      phagocytosis suggests that the Ca2+-calmodulin system may be involved in this
      complex cellular function and the integrity of the cytoskeletal system of Kupffer
      cells is essential to this phenomenon.

PMID- 3404972
TI  - Monocyte retention and migration in pulmonary inflammation. Requirement for
      neutrophils.
AB  - The acute inflammatory process is characterized by an orderly progression of
      events; an initial phase of early neutrophil accumulation and a later phase of
      mononuclear cell (including monocyte) accumulation. The mechanisms which control
      the transition from one phase to the other are largely unknown. We present a
      rabbit model of C5 fragment (C5f)-induced lung inflammation in which purified
      radiolabeled peripheral blood neutrophils and monocytes were used as probes to
      monitor the retention and emigration of these leukocytes into well localized
      areas of inflammation. Neutrophil preparations (greater than 95% pure) were
      isolated by discontinuous plasma-Percoll density gradients, and monocyte
      preparations (greater than 91% pure) were isolated by counterflow cell
      elutriation, labeled with 111Indium-tropolonate, and intravenously infused into
      separate recipient animals. The monocytes circulated with a half-life of
      approximately 30 hours. The retention of labeled monocytes or neutrophils within
      the lung was monitored scintigraphically. C5f-induced monocyte lung retention was
      delayed 2 to 4 hours compared with neutrophil lung retention. Radiolabeled
      neutrophils were selectively retained in the area of C5f-induced inflammation
      (right cranial lung lobe, RCL) as early as 20 minutes after the induction of the
      inflammatory response, reached a maximum by 2 hours, and were not retained by 48
      hours after C5f instillation. The signal inducing C5f-induced monocyte lung
      retention was shown to be transient. Monocytes were selectively retained in the
      RCL if the area of inflammation was induced 2 to 4 hours but not 15 minutes or 16
      hours before their infusion. The time course of C5f-induced monocyte migration
      into the alveolar space determined by lavage analysis was delayed 2 to 3 hours
      compared with neutrophil migration. Neutrophils selectively migrated into the RCL
      1 to 2 hours after the induction of the inflammatory response, reached a maximum
      by 4 hours, and had disappeared by 48 hours. Radiolabeled monocytes selectively
      migrated into the RCL 3 to 4 hours after the induction of the inflammatory
      response, reached a maximum by 4 hours, and remained present through 48 hours.
      The total number of labeled and unlabeled mononuclear cells present in the C5f
      treated RCL lavage at 48 hours was significantly increased above controls. The
      signal for this monocyte migration (as for lung retention) was shown to be
      transient in that radiolabeled monocytes did not migrate when infused 16 hours
      after the induction of the inflammatory response. C5f did not induce monocyte
      lung retention nor monocyte migration into the alveolar space of animals rendered
      neutropenic.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3404975
TI  - Contribution on the correlation between morphometric parameters gained from the
      renal cortex and renal function in IgA nephritis.
AB  - The following findings were obtained in a comparative morphometric and clinical
      study of 130 adult men and women with immunologically confirmed IgA nephritis:
      (a) IgA nephritis develops in varying frequency as minimal proliferating
      intercapillary glomerulonephritis, low-grade mesangioproliferative
      glomerulonephritis, moderate to severe mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis,
      or variously severe mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis with signs of focal
      accentuation. (b) Tubular epithelial surface area and interstitial width in 62 of
      130 cases of IgA nephritis was the same as in normal kidneys. IgA nephritis was
      complicated in 33 cases by interstitial cortical fibrosis, in 23 cases by acute
      renal failure, and in 12 cases by acute renal failure and interstitial fibrosis.
      (c) In IgA nephritis with acute renal failure, the tubular epithelium (only
      proximal tubular epithelium was measured) was significantly swollen. In IgA
      nephritis with interstitial fibrosis, the epithelial surface area of the proximal
      tubules was significantly smaller than the normal surface area. In IgA nephritis
      with acute renal failure (ARF) and interstitial fibrosis, tubular swelling was
      less severe than in ARF. Proximal tubular epithelial surface area, however, was
      significantly larger than the normal surface area. (d) In IgA nephritis, like in
      other inflammatory and noninflammatory glomerular diseases, a significant
      positive correlation existed between width of the cortical interstitium and
      height of serum creatinine level. Moreover, in IgA nephritis, significantly
      negative correlation existed between width of the cortical interstitium and C
      creatinine. (e) In IgA nephritis, significant negative correlations existed
      between C creatinine and age. (f) In IgA nephritis, a significant correlation
      existed between proximal tubular epithelial surface area and serum creatinine
      level and a significant negative correlation, between C creatinine and proximal
      tubular epithelial surface area, when ARF cases were excluded from the total
      group of IgA nephritis. (All correlations are closer when the cases with
      accompanying ARF are eliminated.) The discrepancy between the findings of Bennett
      et al. (Bennett WM, Walker RG, Kincaid-Smith P: Lab Invest 47:330, 1982) and ours
      is clarified when it is presumed that the group of patients investigated by
      Bennett et al. (N = 85) included just as many ARF cases as our material.
      Consequently, there is no reason to correct our interpretation of the influence
      of tubulointerstitial changes on glomerular function.

PMID- 3404974
TI  - Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease in a murine model. A gross and
      microscopic description.
AB  - The C57BL/6J-cpk genetic murine model of autosomal recessive polycystic kidney
      disease was examined to gain insight into the pathogenesis of renal cystic
      disease. Fetal through 3-week-old offspring of heterozygote matings were used to
      study growth parameters and morphology of this genetic form of cystic disease.
      The kidneys were examined by light and electron microscopy and nephron segments
      were microdissected. Two phases of cystic disease development were
      morphologically identified. The first phase in fetal and newborn affected pups
      was characterized by proximal tubule enlargement and a general increase in the
      tubular mitotic index. The proximal tubules showed cytologic abnormalities along
      with an increased necrotic cell index. The later phase, in one through 3-week-old
      cystic pups, was characterized by progressive enlargement of the kidneys due
      mainly to cystic change of the collecting ducts and by development of azotemia.
      Secondary to the azotemia was a stunted body growth. Significant tubular
      epithelial hyperplasia was not found by mitotic index during the second phase,
      but an increase in collecting duct cellularity was present. Histone H4 gene
      expression, which is tightly coupled to DNA synthesis and thus an index of cell
      proliferation, showed only a minimal increase in cystic kidneys at 1, 2, and 3
      weeks of age. Therefore, the degree of cell proliferation necessary to allow the
      observed tubular enlargement appears to be minimal.

PMID- 3404976
TI  - Experimental diffuse interstitial renal fibrosis. A biochemical approach.
AB  - In this paper we describe two simple experimental models of diffuse interstitial
      renal fibrosis in the rat. One develops 25 days after unilateral renal vein
      ligation, and the other 15 days after unilateral ureteral double ligation and
      section. In both models fibrosis is examined morphologically and biochemically,
      the latter with emphasis on collagen turnover. In addition to a description of
      the histology, also presented are quantitative biochemical data on four features
      of tissue collagen turnover, namely total content, concentration, biosynthesis,
      and degradation. Although the microscopic picture of both models can be
      adequately described as interstitial diffuse renal fibrosis, their mechanisms are
      different: unilateral renal vein ligation is an example of collapse fibrosis,
      whereas unilateral ureteral double ligation and section is a model of absolute
      fibrosis. In both models however, decreased collagen degradation is the
      significant metabolic abnormality.

PMID- 3404977
TI  - An inherited connective tissue disease in the horse.
AB  - The hyperextensible, fragile skin of two related horses was compared with the
      skin of eight normal horses. Skin sections were examined by light microscopy and
      transmission electron microscopy. The deep dermal layer of the dorsal abdomen was
      much thinner in the affected horses, and contained bundles of collagen fibers
      which were more loosely packed. Within individual fibers, the fibrils were
      frequently curved and nonparallel rather than straight and parallel. Both of the
      affected animals had a greater range of fibril diameters than a normal horse.
      They had some unusually thick fibrils with very irregular outlines in cross
      sections, not observed in the normal animal. Other skin samples were subjected to
      acetic acid extraction, pepsin digestion, amino acid analysis and polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis. In the skin of the two affected horses, the proportion of
      total extracted collagen which was acid-soluble was twice as high as in two
      normal horses. Collagen types I and III were present in similar proportions in
      normal and affected horses, and the collagen chains were of normal molecular
      weights. The disorder resembles the group described by Minor (Minor RR: Am J
      Pathol 98: 226, 1980) as 'dominant collagen packing defect I' which has been
      reported in dogs, mink, and cats, and which shares features with Ehlers Danlos
      Syndrome I, II, and III in man. The pedigree data available for these horses
      suggest an autosomal recessive mutation, but are also consistent with autosomal
      dominant inheritance.

PMID- 3404978
TI  - Selective vulnerability of unmyelinated fiber Schwann cells in nerves exposed to
      local anesthetics.
AB  - When peripheral nerves of experimental rats are exposed to local anesthetics,
      distinctive and reproducible pathologic changes occur involving the perineurial
      sheath and endoneurial contents. Application of intermediate strength
      concentrations of the local anesthetics, 2-chloroprocaine, lidocaine, etidocaine,
      and intermediate or high concentrations of procaine to the surface of rat sciatic
      nerves resulted in the following changes. By 48 hours, the perineurial sheath
      exposed to the drug was disrupted and became permeable to granulocytes which
      infiltrated the subjacent endoneurium in conjunction with edema formation in the
      endoneurial interstitium. Application of 10% procaine to exposed nerve resulted
      in extensive demyelination. The most striking pathologic change occurring with
      either intermediate or high doses was accumulation of lipid droplets in Schwann
      cells, a phenomenon that occurred often in myelin-producing Schwann cells but
      much less frequently in unmyelinated fiber Schwann Cells. Lipid accumulation
      appears to be one of several reactive changes that affect Schwann cells of
      myelinated fibers and is dose-dependent. On the other hand, while reactive
      changes were infrequently seen in unmyelinated fiber Schwann cells, these cells
      appeared more susceptible to injury as shown by electron microscopy. Injury to
      Schwann cells by local anesthetics is temporary because these cells can replicate
      quickly. Autoradiographic studies of thymidine incorporation 1 week after
      procaine administration to the sciatic nerve showed intense proliferation of
      Schwann cells, but no such activity in controls. These findings support the view
      that their neurotoxic properties may account in some part for the function of
      local anesthetics, that Schwann cells of small unmyelinated fibers are more
      vulnerable to these agents than those of myelinated fibers, and that destruction
      of their supporting cells is followed by vigorous mitotic activity in the
      endoneurium.

PMID- 3404979
TI  - Mini organ culture of thyroid tissue: a new technique for maintaining the
      structural and functional integrity of thyroid tissue in vitro.
AB  - We have developed a culture technique by which the normal configuration of
      follicles and most other structural characteristics of the thyroid gland are well
      preserved. Small tissue fragments (diameter 0.5 to 0.9 mm) from various mammalian
      species were prepared and kept in hydrophobic culture dishes to prevent their
      attachment. It was essential to raise the oxygen concentration in the incubator
      to 50% and the D-glucose concentration to 5.6 mM. Under these conditions, mini
      organs were formed by the outgrowth of epithelial cells from follicles located on
      the fragment surface and opened during tissue preparation. After 2 to 3 days, the
      mini organs were enclosed by a confluent and tight monolayer of follicle cells
      and [3H]thymidine incorporation returned to background levels. The structural
      integrity of follicles underneath the monolayer and in the center of the mini
      organs could be maintained for at least several weeks. Light microscope
      autoradiographs of mini organs incubated with iodide, sulfate, or phosphate
      revealed that the vectorial transport and the posttranslational modifications of
      thyroglobulin were maintained. An assay for the precise quantitation of
      biosynthetic activities in individual mini organs was developed. The observations
      indicate that thyroid-specific functions in mini organs can be preserved for
      prolonged periods of time.

PMID- 3404980
TI  - Hyperplastic renal capillaries in obstructive nephropathy.

PMID- 3404981
TI  - Two methods of ligament injury: a morphological comparison in a rabbit model.
AB  - Our purpose in this study was to compare morphologically the reproducibility and
      control of two common methods of ligament injury. Polarized light and scanning
      electron microscopy were used to quantify the injury patterns and the extent of
      ligament damage caused by scalpel division and wire rupture of rabbit medial
      collateral ligaments. Results demonstrate that the scalpel cut and wire rupture
      methods of ligament injury are each controllable and reproducible in location,
      pattern, and extent of ligament damage. The wire rupture technique, however,
      produced consistently more extensive midsubstance ligament damage than the
      scalpel cut and thus created an injury pattern that better simulated the extent
      of damage seen in clinical injuries. Although neither technique was an ideal
      simulation of clinical injuries, results suggest that the wire rupture technique
      is a more relevant technique to study ligament injury and healing in this model.

PMID- 3404982
TI  - Partial hepatectomy and liver regeneration in pigs--the response to different
      resection sizes.
AB  - Liver regeneration has been extensively studied in the rat and dog models but
      pigs have seldom been used. They resemble man closely in their omnivorous diet
      and their gastroenterological and endocrinological responses. This paper
      describes techniques of 15, 50, 65, and 70% partial hepatectomy in the pig.
      Thymidine kinase activity and mitotic index were used as indices of liver
      regeneration. The timing and events of the regenerative response in the pig
      compared favorably with other animal models and the maximum regenerative response
      occurred on the third postoperative day, irrespective of the size of the partial
      hepatectomy. The 15% partial hepatectomy, which shows a minimal response to
      resection, provides a suitable "primed" model for the study of stimulatory
      substances.

PMID- 3404983
TI  - Complement-mediated pulmonary edema in sheep.
AB  - Incubation of plasma with zymosan results in complement activation. Infusion of
      zymosan-activated plasma (ZAP) into the pulmonary circulation in sheep results in
      a transient rise in pulmonary vascular resistance, accompanied by hypoxemia. This
      is associated with production of the vasoactive prostaglandin metabolite,
      thromboxane. We hypothesized that ZAP infusion caused pulmonary edema and may
      transiently alter pulmonary permeability to protein. Two sets of experiments were
      conducted involving six sheep. Three sheep underwent open lung biopsies during
      ZAP infusion, and electron microscopy documented early reversible interstitial
      pulmonary edema in response to ZAP infusion. Three other sheep were prepared with
      lung lymph fistulae and subjected to a similar infusion of ZAP. These studies
      documented a rapid rise in lymph flow and lymph protein clearance, occurring
      immediately upon infusion of ZAP. These experiments demonstrate a rapid
      reversible interstitial edema in sheep lung in response to ZAP infusion and
      suggest that permeability to protein may be transiently altered as a result of
      this injury.

PMID- 3404984
TI  - Determination of whole blood apparent viscosity: experience with a new
      hemorheologic technique.
AB  - A new experimental technique of determining apparent blood viscosity at low rates
      of shear using a porous bed viscometer (PBV) was evaluated in a study of 213
      blood samples from 43 mongrel dogs. Viscosity was measured over a wide range of
      hematocrit (Hct), 6.5-51%, and plasma fibrinogen (Fib), 11-597 mg%, levels
      significantly altered (P less than 0.0005) by isovolemic hemodilution. Viscosity
      was highly correlated with Hct and Fib (r = 0.89), which confirmed the results of
      previous investigations. An important finding was the ability of the PBV to
      detect the non-Newtonian behavior of whole blood that occurs under low shear
      conditions at higher Hct levels. In a subgroup of 10 animals, viscosity was also
      measured by a precision cone and plate viscometer (CPV) at various shear rates.
      Although the PBV and CPV measurements showed excellent correlation (r = 0.92), a
      marked nonlinear deviation of the plotted data from the regression of Hct vs
      viscosity measured by the PBV at Hct levels greater than or equal to 30% was
      noted which could not be identified by the CPV. The PBV technique affords valid
      measurements of the apparent viscosity of normal canine blood. Moreover, the
      device is apparently sensitive to the anomalous rheologic properties of whole
      blood attributable to shear-dependent changes in red blood cell aggregation that
      can become physiologically significant in low-flow states.

PMID- 3404985
TI  - The synthesis and biological activity of 25-hydroxy-26,27-dimethylvitamin D3 and
      1,25-dihydroxy-26,27-dimethylvitamin D3: highly potent novel analogs of vitamin
      D3.
AB  - We synthesized 25-hydroxy-26,27-dimethylvitamin D3, 9, and 1,25-dihydroxy-26,27
      dimethylvitamin D3, 14, from chol-5-enic acid-3 beta-ol and tested their
      biological activity in vivo and in vitro. 9 was found to be highly potent vitamin
      D analog with bioactivity similar to that of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3. 9 bound to rat
      plasma vitamin D binding protein with approximately one-third the affinity of 25
      hydroxyvitamin D3. In a duodenal organ culture system and in a competitive
      binding assay with chick intestinal 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D receptor, 9 was
      significantly more potent than 25-hydroxyvitamin D3. 1,25-Dihydroxy-26,27
      dimethylvitamin D3, 14 was also highly active in vivo. At doses of 1000-5000
      pmol/rat, its action was more sustained than that of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. 14
      bound to vitamin D binding protein about 18 times less effectively than 1,25
      dihydroxyvitamin D3. 14 bound to the chick intestinal cytosol receptor with an
      affinity one-half that of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. In a duodenal organ culture
      system, 14 was about half as active as 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Extension of the
      sterol side chain, at C-26 and C-27, by methylene groups, prolongs the
      bioactivity of a vitamin D sterol hydroxylated at C-1 and C-25; the corresponding
      sterol, hydroxylated only at C-25, does not show any alteration of its
      bioactivity in vivo. These newly synthesized analogs may potentially be of
      therapeutic use in various mineral disorders.

PMID- 3404986
TI  - Radioligand purification prior to routine receptor assays.
AB  - The need to repurify the commercially available radioligands [3H]estradiol and
      [3H]testosterone before use in routine assays was investigated. Storage of these
      products for 2 months after delivery led to appreciable degradation of
      [3H]estradiol compared to [3H]testosterone. Unexpectedly, TLC and even HPLC
      procedures were ineffective in completely restoring the purity of [3H]-estradiol
      and the unremoved polar products induced important variations in our estrogen
      receptor assays. An increase in non-specific binding and a comcomitant decrease
      in total binding were observed resulting in an underestimation of specific
      binding sites and of the affinity constant. In some cases Scatchard analysis was
      not possible. We therefore strongly recommend the repurification of low-stability
      radioligands and propose an economic time-saving procedure for the purification
      of [3H]estradiol by solvent differential partition which requires no high-cost
      investment in apparatus.

PMID- 3404987
TI  - Testosterone 5 alpha-reductase activity in the rat brain is highly concentrated
      in white matter structures and in purified myelin sheaths of axons.
AB  - Previous results obtained in this laboratory indicate that in the rat brain the 5
      alpha-reductase, the enzymatic activity involved in metabolizing testosterone
      into 5 alpha-androstan-17 beta-ol-3-one (dihydrotestosterone), is particularly
      concentrated in the white matter. In the present experiments, this enzymatic
      activity was studied in the following white matter structures, which were
      microdissected using the punch technique of Palkovits: anterior commissure (CA),
      fornix (FX), habenulo-interpeduncular tract (HP), corpus callosum (CC), stria
      medullaris (SM), optic chiasm (CO), fimbria of the hippocampus (FI), cerebral
      peduncle (PC), pontine fibers (FP), cerebellar medulla (CMD) and corticospinal
      tract (TCS). Moreover brain myelin was isolated and purified by sucrose density
      gradient ultracentrifugation. The results obtained confirm that, in the rat
      brain, the enzymes involved in testosterone 5 alpha-reduction are preferentially
      localized in the white matter. However, clearcut differences in the metabolic
      activity exist between the different structures examined so far. DHT formation
      increases rostro-caudally, so that the highest activity has been recorded in the
      white matter structures punched at the level of pons (FP), medulla oblungata
      (TCS) and cerebellum (CMD). The high metabolic activity associated with the white
      matter structures appears to be linked to the presence of myelin, since the
      specific activity of the enzyme is particularly elevated in purified preparations
      of myelin sheaths.

PMID- 3404988
TI  - Measurement of human corticosteroid binding globulin by enzyme-linked
      immunoassay.
AB  - Thirteen monoclonal antibodies have been raised against corticosteroid binding
      globulin (CBG). From four of those with highest affinity for the antigen, two
      were selected for development of a sandwich enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA).
      The sensitivity of the assay was such that 0.7 fmol CBG could be detected. Levels
      of the binding protein in men (740 +/- 67 nmol/l) and women (690 +/- 103 nmol/l)
      were not significantly different, while those found during the third trimester of
      pregnancy (1500 +/- 423 nmol/l) were approximately twice these levels. CBG
      denatured by heating to 60 degrees C could not be detected by the ELISA.

PMID- 3404989
TI  - Androgen and estrogen dynamics in the female baboon (Papio anubis).
AB  - Androgen and estrogen dynamics were studied in 5 female baboons (Papio anubis)
      using constant infusions of [3H]androstenedione/[14C]estrone and
      [3H]testosterone/[14C]estradiol. Blood samples were obtained prior to the
      infusions and both blood and plasma was used for measurements of androstenedione
      (A), testosterone (T), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), estrone (E1), estradiol (E2).
      Plasma was used for measurements of sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG), and the
      percents of T and E2 free, bound to SHBG, and to albumin. Blood samples obtained
      during the infusions were analyzed for radioactivity as purified androgens and
      estrogens. Metabolic clearance rates (MCR), and transfer factors ([rho]BB;
      fraction of steroid infused which is converted to and measured in blood as
      product) and blood production rates were calculated from whole blood data. All
      urine was collected for 96 h and an aliquot analyzed for radioactivity as the
      glucuronides of estrone and estradiol and the % peripheral aromatization
      calculated. The MCR's, calculated in whole blood, of A, E1, E2 and T were 53 +/-
      6 1/day/kg, 39.3 +/- 3 1/day/kg, 29.9 +/- 5.2 1/day/kg and 10.1 +/- 2.3 1/day/kg,
      respectively. Each MCR was different (P less than 0.05) from the others. The PB
      of E1 was 15 +/- 2 micrograms/day and was not different from that of E2 (12 +/- 3
      micrograms/day). The PB of A, 231 +/- 55 micrograms/day, was greater than that of
      T, 13 +/- 5 micrograms/day. The interconversions of both the androgens (18.9 +/-
      3.4% vs 3.9 +/- 1.0%) and the estrogens (48.8 +/- 10.7% vs 4.0 +/- 0.8%) favored
      the oxidative pathway, i.e. conversion of 17-OH to 17-oxo steroids. The
      conversion ratio of A to DHT was greater than that of T to DHT (16.4 +/- 2.1% vs
      5.3 +/- 0.7%), and A is a more important source of DHT than is T. The percent of
      T bound to SHBG (80.7 +/- 0.9%) was greater than percent of E2 (36.9 +/- 9.8%)
      and inversely the percents of T bound to albumin and free (17.5 +/- 0.8% and 1.65
      +/- 0.16%) were less than the respective percents for estradiol (60.5 +/- 9.5%
      and 2.40 +/- 0.27%). The mean SHBG concentration was 54 +/- 6 nM. The peripheral
      aromatization of androstenedione, 1.36 +/- 0.05%, was greater than of
      testosterone, 0.18 +/- 0.02%. This difference is, in part, due to the lack of
      SHBG-binding of androstenedione. The general pattern of androgen and estrogen
      dynamics is similar to that in women. This similarity is due, in part, to the
      presence of SHBG in both baboons and women.

PMID- 3404990
TI  - Ferredoxin and cytochrome P-450scc concentrations in granulosa cells of porcine
      ovaries during follicular cell growth and luteinization.
AB  - The concentrations of cytochrome P-450scc and ferredoxin, two of the three
      proteins which comprise the mitochondrial steroidogenic electron transport chain,
      were measured in granulosa and luteal cells from porcine ovaries by an immunoblot
      procedure. During the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle the concentration of
      cytochrome P-450scc increased 5-fold and ferredoxin increased 3-fold. When the
      large follicles developed into corpora lutea the cytochrome P-450scc
      concentration increased a further 7-fold while ferredoxin increased only 3-fold.
      These changes were coincident with an overall 4-fold increase in the
      concentration of ferredoxin reductase during follicular cell development and
      luteinization. Analysis of the data revealed that the concentration of
      ferredoxin, which shuttles electrons from ferredoxin reductase to cytochrome P
      450scc, was always adequate to saturate both the reductase and cytochrome P
      450scc. This came about from a co-ordinate increase in the concentration of
      cytochrome P-450scc and the concentration of ferredoxin minus ferredoxin
      reductase.

PMID- 3404991
TI  - The biological expression of natural progesterone.
AB  - Progesterone tablets were orally administered to women with no recent luteal
      activity. Three hypoestrogenic subjects who received, respectively, a single dose
      of 150 mg, 300 mg and 300 mg/d/7d, showed absorption and a progressive increase
      in circulating values in a dose-dependent manner. Five out of nine
      oligomenorrheic patients experienced withdrawal uterine bleeding with 150
      mg/12/5d. Postmenopausal endometrium estrogenised by mestranol (n = 5) showed
      secretory histological changes after 300 mg/d/7d of oral progesterone. Six women
      with luteal insufficiency received 300 mg/d after control studies, and this
      dosage was effective in supplementing the circulating natural hormone so that it
      reached the level of that of fertile women. However, the endometrial progesterone
      uptake of these women showed no parallel increase. This study supports the
      clinical usage of oral progesterone and suggests evaluation of the dynamics of
      hormone uptake by the reproductive tissues.

PMID- 3404992
TI  - Patterns of estrogen and progesterone receptors in rhesus monkey endometrium
      during secretory phase of normal menstrual cycle and preimplantation stages of
      gestation.
AB  - Using validated methods, estradiol receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR)
      levels have been estimated in endometria collected in secretory phase of normal
      menstrual cycle and preimplantation stages of gestation from rhesus monkeys
      (Macaca mulatta). Endometrial PgR in both cytoplasmic and nuclear compartments
      decreased significantly (P less than 0.001) from day 2 to day 6 post-ovulation in
      both groups, but in fertile cycle, absolute levels of nuclear PgR remained
      significantly higher (P less than 0.05) on days 4, 5 and 6 of gestation, ER
      concentrations, both total (P less than 0.02), as well as cytoplasmic (P less
      than 0.01) declined significantly in secretory phase of normal menstrual cycle
      while nuclear ER levels remained unchanged. In the preimplantation period, ER
      patterns remained unvarying on days 2-6 of gestation in both cytoplasmic and
      nuclear compartments; their levels in nuclear fraction were significantly higher
      from day 3 onwards while, total cytoplasmic ER concentrations were higher from
      day 4 of gestation compared with the values obtained for secretory phase tissues
      from normal ovulatory cycles. No changes were, however, detected in apparent
      equilibrium dissociation constants (Kd) for the sex steroid receptors in
      endometria obtained from fertile and non-fertile cycles. It has been suggested
      that in prenidatory stage rhesus monkey endometrium elevated concentrations of
      nuclear ER and PgR possibly indicate higher degree of nuclear occupancy required
      for endometrial differentiation permitting blastocyst implantation.

PMID- 3404993
TI  - The chemical synthesis of ecdysone 22-long-chain fatty acyl esters in high yield.
AB  - Eight ecdysone 22-long-chain fatty-acyl esters (laurate, myristate, palmitate,
      stearate, oleate, linoleate, linolenate and arachidate) have been chemically
      synthesised in high yield. Ecdysone was first converted to the 2,3-acetonide
      derivative and then acylated selectively at C-22 with the appropriate acyl
      anhydride. The protecting acetonide group is then removed by mild acid treatment
      to yield the ecdysone 22-acyl ester. Reaction conditions have been optimised to
      maximise the overall yield (ca. 70%). The ecdysone acyl esters and their 2,3
      acetonide derivatives have been characterised by 1H- and 13C-NMR and high
      resolution FAB-mass-spectrometry.

PMID- 3404994
TI  - Evidence for a direct effect of thyroid hormones on the hepatic synthesis of
      estrogen receptors in the rat.
AB  - The role of thyroid hormones in the regulation of estrogen receptor turnover in
      the rat liver was studied. Animals subjected to thyroidectomy or hypophysectomy
      in combination with different hormone substitutions, were used. The receptor
      level in control animals was 53 fmol/mg cytosol protein. Thyroidectomy for 28
      days caused a dramatic reduction to 20 fmol/mg, whereas hypophysectomy for 9 days
      resulted in an even more substantial reduction to 11 fmol/mg protein. If animals,
      hypophysectomized for 9 days, were given triiodothyronine (T3) for 9 days the
      hepatic estrogen receptor concentration was elevated to 22.5 fmol/mg protein.
      Estradiol given together with T3 did not cause any further increase in the
      receptor level. We conclude that thyroid hormones affect the hepatic synthesis of
      estrogen receptors on two levels, via a direct action on the liver and via an
      indirect modulation of the pituitary hormone synthesis/release.

PMID- 3404996
TI  - The binding of an indefinitely associating ligand to acceptor: consideration of
      monovalent ligand species binding to a multivalent acceptor.
AB  - Currently available binding theory is extended to incorporate the concept of
      indefinite self-association of the ligand. Binding equations are formulated in
      closed form for the case of the binding to a multivalent acceptor of a ligand
      capable of isodesmically indefinitely self-associating in a "head-to-tail" mode
      such that each ligand state bears one site capable of interacting with the
      acceptor. It is shown both mathematically and by way of numerical example that
      this system will give rise exclusively to binding curves convex to the r-axis in
      Scatchard format. Thus, the system provides another example of a binding
      mechanism capable of generating an apparent negatively co-operative binding
      response.

PMID- 3404995
TI  - Estrogen hydroxylase activity in the human placenta at term.
AB  - Placental estrogen hydroxylase (EH) enzyme activity was measured at term using
      the catechol-O-methyl transferase coupled method in normal and high risk
      conditions. The identity and ratio of products formed during incubation of
      microsomes as analysed by high performance liquid chromatography in chronic
      hypertension, toxemia and diabetes mellitus was not different from controls. The
      mean enzymatic activity was also not different among the conditions studied as
      expressed mean +/- SE pmol/min/mg, protein: chronic hypertension (7.8 +/- 1),
      toxemia (8 +/- 1.6), diabetes mellitus (6.1 +/- 0.9) and controls (8.3 +/- 1.5).
      The cofactor dependence of EH was studied showing that NADPH is a better
      substrate for the enzyme than NADH.

PMID- 3404997
TI  - Evidence for an intraclonal random shift between two types of cell cycle times in
      an embryonal carcinoma cell line.
AB  - In a recent paper we reported the discovery of an intraclonal bimodal-like cell
      cycle time variation within the multipotent embryonal carcinoma (EC) PCC3 N/1
      line growing in the exponential phase in the undifferentiated state. The
      variability was found to be localized in the G1 period. Furthermore, an inverse
      relation between cell size and cell generation time was found in the cell system
      analysed. It was suggested that the bimodal-like intraclonal time variability
      previously reported was attributable to an intraclonal shift between two types of
      cell-growth-rate cycles and that the cell-growth cycle has a supramitotic
      character, being dissociated from the DNA-division cycle. The growth rate
      heterogeneity in the cell population was found to need three cell cycles to reach
      full dispersion in time. This was assumed to be due to a decreased inheritance
      from sister cell pairs to second cousin cell pairs. Thus, the interesting feature
      is that in one and the same multipotent cell line there was evidence for an
      intraclonal instability with a random shift between two types of cell cycle
      differing in the duration of their G1 period.

PMID- 3404998
TI  - A centrosomal theory of the short term evolutionary maintenance of sexual
      reproduction.
AB  - A new mode of inheritance is postulated in which a sexual offspring receives a
      contribution from each parent and selects the better to pass on to its own
      offspring. This could provide a simple advantage to sex over a sex whose
      magnitude is shown to be of the order of a doubling of fitness in each
      generation, large enough to cancel the twofold cost of sex. This possible
      advantage to sex can be realized only if a cell component is in fact inherited in
      this selectively ambiguous way. No such component is known of, but the eukaryotic
      centrosome is a possible candidate. The possibility is discussed that the
      centrosome contains an obligatorily non-digital replicator which has an essential
      function in the initiation of microtubules. If this theory is true, it has the
      capacity to apply as widely as sex is found, and it would rescue theories of the
      long-term maintenance of sex from the necessity to provide a twofold advantage in
      each generation. If false, the theory will soon be disproved.

PMID- 3405000
TI  - Information transfer by electromagnetic waves in cortex layers.
AB  - Coupling coefficients are derived for the transfer of energy from an
      electromagnetic wave propagating in the extracellular fluid of a cortex layer,
      using an ion dynamical model developed earlier (Green & Triffet, 1985). With the
      assistance of a simple computational algorithm, these are used to document the
      performance of a basic neural circuit (Eccles, 1979) embedded in a columnar
      structure of the type described by Mountcastle (1979). Results point to a
      holographic model of memory, in which calcium configurations in the dendrites of
      cerebellar granular cells, fixed by modulated alpha-waves, constitute the basic
      information storage mechanism. Event-related potential waves, known to sweep over
      selective regions of the cortex in advance of any muscular act, are explained as
      a logical consequence of circuit function.

PMID- 3404999
TI  - Analysis of the diffusion theory of negative capacitance: the role of K+ and the
      unstirred layer thickness.
AB  - The diffusion theory of negative capacitance is extended to take into account
      potassium transport as well as proton or hydroxyl transport. It is shown that
      both the capacitance spectrum and the frequency at which the capacitance is zero
      can be used to experimentally test the theory. The effects of the fraction of
      potassium current, membrane conductance, NaCl concentration, and unstirred layer
      thickness on these two characteristics is investigated. Maximum negative
      capacitance can be obtained when the current flowing through the membrane is
      mainly carried by protons, the membrane conductance is high, the solution
      conductivity is low, and the unstirred layer thickness is large. The effect of a
      dominant hydroxyl transport in place of a proton transport is also discussed. We
      suggest simple experiments to test the theory on Characeaen plant cells.

PMID- 3405001
TI  - Microcirculatory hematocrit and blood flow.
AB  - Direct measurements from many laboratories indicate that the oxygen tension in
      skeletal muscle is significantly less than in the large veins draining these
      tissues. Harris (1986) has proposed that because of the parallel anatomic
      arrangement of large arterioles and venules in skeletal muscle, a counter-current
      exchange between these vessels can occur. He theorized that diffusion of O2
      between arteriole and venule would lower the PO2 in the blood as it enters
      capillaries and result in a decreased tissue PO2 and an increase in large vein
      PO2. Calculations (Appendix) show that the amount of O2 transferred between
      arteriole and venule is inadequate to account for this difference in PO2 between
      tissue and veins due to the small surface area that is involved. It is well
      documented that the microcirculatory hematocrit ranges between 20 and 50% of that
      in the supply vessels. The reduced hematocrit lowers the oxygen content in these
      vessels and results in a low oxygen tension in the surrounding tissue. True
      arteriovenous shunts are not present in most skeletal muscles, but 15-20% of the
      microvessels represent thoroughfare or preferential flow channels. It is
      suggested that these vessels contain a greater than normal hematocrit to account
      for a conservation of red cell mass across the microcirculation. Furthermore, it
      is shown that the hematocrit in the preferential flow channels is an inverse
      function of the flow rate for any level of the microcirculatory hematocrit. The
      increased hematocrit raises the flow resistance in these vessels which reduces
      flow further and represents a positive feedback condition which may contribute to
      the intermittent and uneven flow patterns which are present within the
      microcirculation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3405002
TI  - Cell cycle models and mother-daughter correlation.
AB  - Among the different experimental features that are usually used to measure the
      variability of cell cycle duration (Tc), the mother-daughter correlation is a
      special case since apparently contradictory results have been reported from
      different experimental systems. Indeed, positive, null and negative experimental
      values have been found, raising problems in cell cycle modeling in as much as one
      would like a general, unified view of the control of the cell cycle. Such views
      are provided by mathematical models. We present a method to derive the value(s)
      of the correlation between mother and daughter Tcs predicted from any such model,
      provided Tc can be analytically expressed. An exact calculation is proposed for
      the case when Tc can be expressed as a linear combination of the parameters
      involved. Otherwise, using Taylor series expansion, an approximate expression for
      the correlation can be derived. In both cases, the predicted values can be
      compared with experimental ones. The proposed method is illustrated using the
      Growth Controlled model of Koch (1980, Nature 286: 80) and the Continuum model of
      Cooper (1982, J. theor. Biol. 94: 783). Whereas Koch's model leads to inflexible
      negative values of the correlation between mother and daughter Tcs, our results
      demonstrate that differences in the mean duration of the G1 phase may account for
      differences in the sign of this correlation in Cooper's model. Furthermore, the
      proposed method can also be applied to other correlations such as the correlation
      between sibling cell Tcs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3405003
TI  - Aplastic anaemia incidence in parts of the United Kingdom in 1985.
AB  - This paper describes the distribution of new cases of aplastic anaemia in parts
      of the UK in 1985. The age, sex and spatial pattern are described. Special
      attention is given to the investigation of five childhood cases which occurred
      close in space and time. The results are contrasted with similar data from
      elsewhere.

PMID- 3405004
TI  - Patterns of haemopoietic recovery after stress--II. Treatment with fluorouracil.
AB  - The mouse haemopoietic system is not permanently damaged by repeated injections
      of cytotoxic fluorouracil. It contains approximately normal numbers of nucleated
      femoral and spleen colony-forming cells (CFUs) after seven monthly injections of
      the drug and normal numbers of high proliferation potential colony-forming cells
      (HPP-CFC) after five serial injections. Furthermore, the mouse is fully fertile
      after seven injections of fluorouracil. The mouse recovers quickly after
      treatment because it regenerates from cells which were not killed by the drug.
      Within 14 days of treatment with fluorouracil there are almost twice the normal
      number of femoral macrophage and high proliferation potential colony-forming
      cells (M-CFC and HPP-CFC). These numbers then fall but are returning to normal 6
      weeks after the drug was administered. In this quick recovery the response of the
      haemopoietic system differs from its response to the loss of blood cells caused
      by sub-lethal irradiation, or lethal irradiation, or treatment with busulphan.
      When mice are treated twice with fluorouracil, the second injection 14 days after
      the first, the number of femoral M-CFC two days after the second injection, is 16
      fold the number in controls, but the number of femoral HPP-CFC is only twice the
      number in controls. When the interval between the two injections is 21 days, the
      number of femoral M-CFC is almost 8% of that of mice treated once, but the number
      of HPP-CFC is 67%. The characteristic response of each type of cell to repeated
      treatment with fluorouracil is probably due to the number of its precursors which
      are killed by the drug and to the interval between successive injections. A
      second injection of fluorouracil, 28 days after the first, speeds the growth rate
      of HPP-CFC. Their doubling time is 6 h shorter than that of mice treated once.
      Haemopoietic tissue from mice treated repeatedly with fluorouracil can only
      outgrow normal marrow under certain conditions. The nature of these conditions
      and the mechanisms involved are discussed in the light of contradictory findings.

PMID- 3405005
TI  - Amplification of c-myc and pvt-1 homologous sequences in acute nonlymphatic
      leukemia.
AB  - Leukemic cells with double minute (DM) chromosomes from an ANLL(M1) patient were
      found to carry 10-15 fold amplified c-myc sequences. The linked pvt-1-like locus
      was amplified at the same level, suggesting that the c-myc amplicon is at least
      300 kb in size.

PMID- 3405006
TI  - A fetoscopic method for enucleation in developmental studies of the visual
      system.
AB  - Prenatal enucleation is accomplished by fetoscopy using an arthroscope and a
      needle for the delivery of electric current into the uterus of anesthetized,
      pregnant cats. Under direct vision, the eye(s) of the fetus are easily discerned
      and can readily be lesioned by the application of an electrical current delivered
      through the needle. The procedure is relatively simple to perform, minimizes
      uterine trauma and therefore postsurgical recovery times for the mother cat,
      enhances the prolongation of pregnancy and allows a shorter operating time for
      accomplishing the enucleation than does normal surgical invasion. It should be
      possible to make other uses of the approach, such as prenatal ocular injection of
      dyes or of tracer substances in place of the enucleation.

PMID- 3405007
TI  - Long-term storage of functional, isolated nerve endings by slow freezing and
      rapid thawing.
AB  - Nerve endings (synaptosomes) were isolated from homogenized rat brain corpora
      striata following centrifugation on discontinuous sucrose gradients. The
      synaptosomes (in 0.8 M sucrose) were (i) slowly frozen by placing the tube
      containing the suspension in a freezer at -10 degrees C for 1 h followed by (ii)
      swirling in a mixture of acetone and dry ice for 15 min and (iii) were stored in
      liquid nitrogen for up to 6 weeks. Freshly isolated synaptosomes and synaptosomes
      from the same preparation that were frozen for 2, 4, or 6 weeks and rapidly
      thawed in a water bath at 37 degrees C were re-equilibrated with a physiological
      salt solution and assayed for their ability to accumulate Ca and to release
      transmitter (dopamine) upon depolarization in high K medium. K-dependent Ca
      uptake gradually declined to approximately 1/3 the value observed with freshly
      isolated synaptosomes after 6 weeks of storage. K-stimulated dopamine release
      (only from intact synaptosomes) was normal over the entire period of storage. It
      is concluded that synaptosomes retain their physiological properties when stored
      frozen for a few weeks and that cold storage may be a useful technique for
      experiments requiring lengthy or repeated assays or accumulation of material.

PMID- 3405008
TI  - Selective averaging of argon laser induced pre-pain and pain related cortical
      responses.
AB  - The argon laser was found to be suitable for pre-pain and pain stimulation. The
      visible (488 and 515 nm) argon laser light penetrates the skin and is absorbed by
      melanin and haemoglobin. Argon laser stimuli of different intensities were
      perceived differently, and could be classified into 3 pre-pain and 3 pain
      classes. The pre-pain sensations were either perceived as warmth, weak pin prick,
      or weak pin prick followed by warmth. The pain sensations were perceived as
      painful pin pricks of different intensities. Single cortical responses to argon
      laser stimuli were averaged selectively, according to this perceptual
      classification, and characteristic pre-pain and pain related cortical responses
      were recorded. The sensation of warmth was related to a late cortical deflection,
      700-800 ms after stimulus onset, whereas the pin prick related response appeared
      with a latency of 300-400 ms. Pre-pain related responses were only recorded when
      selective averaging according to perception was used. The amplitude of the
      selectively averaged pain related cortical responses correlated with the
      subjective sensation of pain. Selective averaging of pre-pain and pain related
      single responses may prove useful in studying the cortical projection of
      different perceptions or modality patterns, and to investigate the function of
      the thermal and nociceptive pathways and their interactions.

PMID- 3405009
TI  - A method for determining the primary effect of a stimulus in tonically firing
      neurons using spike train analysis.
AB  - We present a novel method for measuring changes in the timing of spikes evoked by
      a stimulus in single neurons. The result provides an unambiguous separation of
      the stimulus effect from effects due to intrinsic spike train patterns. This
      separation facilitates the comparison of responses in different neurons. The
      analysis is based only on the spike train and requires no models of the
      underlying cell behavior.

PMID- 3405010
TI  - A method for calculating current source density (CSD) analysis without resorting
      to recording sites outside the sampling volume.
AB  - This article is part of a study on cortical microcircuitry in which flash evoked
      potentials (FEPs) were recorded from the anesthetized rat visual cortex. The FEPs
      were subjected to current source density analysis (CSD). One of the limitations
      of the CSD method is the need for recording sites outside the sampling volume, in
      order to obtain a full description of the CSD distribution. This problem is acute
      in the neocortex where a tissue/fluid boundary exists. A simple solution is
      provided based on the fact that the field potentials decay minimally under the
      conditions of these experiments. In the neocortex the most superficial recording
      site and the deepest recording site are used to provide the extra recording sites
      necessary to obtain a full description of the CSD distribution. This approach
      when tested by summing the current sinks and sources across all layers of cortex
      produces excellent results, with significant reduction of the residual sinks and
      sources.

PMID- 3405011
TI  - Single unit retrieval in microneurography: a microprocessor-based device
      controlled by an operator.
AB  - A microprocessor-based device was constructed to retrieve single unit activity
      from nerve recordings contaminated by other units and EMG activity. The
      microneurographic signal is sampled at 10 kHz and an algorithm applied to
      identify impulses from a single nerve fibre. On line, a TTL pulse is delivered
      when an event, i.e. a provisional nerve impulse, is selected. The wave form and
      clock time of events are stored. Moreover, the latest selected event and the
      actual selection criteria are continuously displayed on a standard oscilloscope.
      Off line, the wave form and clock time of events as well as an instantaneous
      frequency plot can be displayed on the oscilloscope. The final selection of
      events is done with a combination of a second algorithm, which essentially is a
      wave form comparator, and a manual check. The device is controlled either by
      hardware, with knobs on the front panel, or by software through a data bus
      connected to a microcomputer. Clock times and wave forms of the events, which are
      stored in the microprocessor memory, may also be presented on the data bus for
      later off-line analysis and coordination with other related signals collected
      during the experiment, e.g. transducer and electromyography records, whether
      these were stored on analog or digital tape or computer disc. Compared to other
      available techniques, the device has a superior discriminative power when
      electromyographic artefacts are present.

PMID- 3405012
TI  - Brain acetaminophen measurement by in vivo dialysis, in vivo electrochemistry and
      tissue assay: a study of the dialysis technique in the rat.
AB  - After peripheral injections of the electrochemically active drug acetaminophen,
      striatal levels of the drug were measured in 3 different ways: in vivo
      electrochemistry, in vivo dialysis, and tissue assay. The time course of the
      acetaminophen concentrations measured by in vivo dialysis paralleled the in vivo
      electrochemistry curve and lagged behind the peak tissue concentration. This
      result suggests that dialysis and electrochemistry provide equivalent
      measurements of extracellular fluid acetaminophen. In vitro, dialysis recovery of
      acetaminophen was 28% of the beaker concentration.

PMID- 3405013
TI  - Food wrenching and dodging: use of action patterns for the analysis of
      sensorimotor and social behavior in the rat.
AB  - Developments of a procedure to study two movements, food wrenching (stealing food
      from a conspecific) and dodging (escaping with food from a conspecific), used in
      the competition for food by rats is described. These include, (A) procedures for
      adaptation, (B) procedures for filming and scoring, and (C) procedures for
      measuring dimensions of movements. The character of the movements have features
      of action patterns in the sense that the term is used by ethologists. It is
      suggested that they can be used to study the neural basis of complex sequencing
      of behavior as well as to study the neural basis of sensorimotor behavior and
      sensorimotor asymmetries.

PMID- 3405014
TI  - Three-dimensional reconstruction of neurons in the lamprey spinal cord in whole
      mount, using a confocal laser scanning microscope.
AB  - When investigating the detailed morphology of nerve cells, three-dimensional
      structural information is often of great value. We present here a technique by
      which 'optical sectioning' and three-dimensional reconstruction of fluorescence
      labelled neurons in the lamprey spinal cord has been performed by means of a
      confocal microscope scanner with a laser beam as the light source. In confocal
      microscopy only a small spot of the specimen is being illuminated at any one
      time, and only light from the illuminated spot is detected. This gives several
      advantages compared with traditional microscopy: (1) Lateral resolution is
      improved, and any 'halo' effects occurring around structures with intense
      fluorescence are drastically reduced. In addition (2), a unique depth resolution
      is obtained due to the strong attenuation of structures that are out of focus.
      This allows the system presented here to (3) perform a detailed three-dimensional
      computer reconstruction of the neuron, without any need for physical sectioning
      of the tissue. The volume of data points sampled can subsequently be treated in
      various ways, including selection of different viewing angles, enhancement of
      contours, and background suppression.

PMID- 3405015
TI  - ARCANE. A new medical patient information system.
AB  - ARCANE is a new medical patient information system developed at Necker Enfants
      malades University Hospital. It was initially dedicated to pediatric nephrology,
      using microcomputers directly accessible to the physicians. It is however
      designed for general use and could be directly adapted to many domains in
      Medicine. ARCANE's referential is based on conceptual slicing close to SNOMED's.
      The thesaurus is built on keywords or key-expressions. Combination with
      adjectives and modifiers reduces the volume of the thesaurus to about 1000
      entries. Multipurpose use of the data is made available by automatic
      transcodification to ICD classification and SNOMED nomenclature. External
      formatting by semantic fields allows the physicians to attribute medical
      expressions dynamically to concepts of the thesaurus. This system, devoted to
      daily practice, is also conceived as a clinical research aid and an activity
      analysis tool.

PMID- 3405016
TI  - Information systems for the community health services.
AB  - This paper is concerned with the design and implementation of an information
      system which fulfils some of the local needs of fourteen nursing and para-medical
      professions working in the community in a district health authority, whilst
      satisfying the statutory requirements of the NHS Korner steering group for those
      professions. The implementation of the computer information system was achieved
      through the participation of those professionals who would eventually use the
      system. A prototype system, which has now been extended, has been operational for
      some time covering the chiropody and school nursing staff groups. An evaluation
      of this system has shown that a significant number of the problems and objectives
      of those groups have been successfully addressed, the value of community health
      information has been increased, and information has been fed back to staff and
      better utilized.

PMID- 3405017
TI  - An application of a microcomputer compiler program to multiple logistic
      regression analysis.
AB  - Microcomputer programs for multiple logistic regression analysis were written in
      BASIC language to determine the usefulness of microcomputers for multivariate
      analysis, which is an important method in epidemiological studies. The program,
      carried out by an interpreter system, required a comparatively long computing
      time for a small amount of data. For example, it took approximately thirty
      minutes to compute the data of 6 independent variables and 63 matched sets of
      case and controls (1:4). The majority of the calculation time was spent computing
      a matrix. The matrix computation time increased cumulatively in proportion to
      additions in the number of subjects, and increased exponentially with the number
      of variables. A BASIC compiler was utilized for the program of multiple logistic
      regression analysis. The compiled program carried out the same computations as
      above, but within 4 minutes. Therefore, it is evident that a compiler can be an
      extremely convenient tool for computing multivariate analysis. The two programs
      produced here were also easily linked with spreadsheet packages to enter data.

PMID- 3405018
TI  - Quantitation of myocardial dyssynergy in closed-chest dogs by two-dimensional
      echocardiography.
AB  - Myocardial infarction was produced in 29 anaesthetized mongrel dogs by a closed
      chest coronary occlusion technique. A two-dimensional echocardiographic
      examination (2-D echo) was carried out just before occlusion and again 48 h after
      occlusion. Many cross-sectional images were recorded by a video-tape recorder.
      The applied site of the probe was fixed in an intercostal space and the direction
      of the ultrasonic beam was tilted stepwise from the basis to the apex. The
      animals were sacrificed at 49 hours after occlusion. The hearts were removed,
      quick frozen, sliced into radiating sections and stained with nitroblue
      tetrazolium (NBT). The outline of dyssynergy, including dyskinesis, akinesis or
      extreme hypokinesis, was traced with a tablet digitizer by two specialists. The
      three-dimensional image of dyssynergy in the left ventricular wall was
      reconstructed by a computer in spherical co-ordinates and assumed to be made of
      numerous triangular pyramids. The volume of dyssynergy was calculated
      quantitatively as the sum of volumes of these numerous triangular pyramids. The
      volume of dyssynergy seen in 2-D echo correlated well over a wide range with the
      volume of infarction determined by NBT staining.

PMID- 3405019
TI  - A discrimination value of serum lipid level on the basis of healthy and diseased
      persons.
AB  - We have established a discrimination value that classifies serum lipid levels,
      that is, total cholesterol, phospholipid, triglyceride, and beta-lipoprotein,
      into normal or abnormal state. The analysis was made using the linear
      discriminant function based on 720 normal subjects and 294 patients with coronary
      heart disease and/or diabetes mellitus. Basically, the function denoted as f is a
      linear combination of the predictor variables x(1),x(2),...,x(n) weighted by
      w(0),w(1),w(2),...,w(n). First, we obtained a function from the training set that
      consists of age-matched 204 normals and 204 patients. The predictor variables
      used are four serum constituents and age. Next, we tested the cross-validation of
      this function by the remainder of the samples (test set). Finally, we obtained a
      discrimination value, by which 96.1% of the training set and 96.3% of the test
      set was correctly classified.

PMID- 3405020
TI  - The utility of ancillary tests in the diagnosis of jaundice.
AB  - The helpfulness of technological tests in the diagnosis of diseases presenting as
      jaundice was examined using a measure of expected utility derived from decision
      theory. Data from 243 patients admitted with jaundice yielded a total of 2260
      test-results from twenty seven tests used. The results were partitioned into a
      total of 123 bands. Forty-three bands had a sufficient number of results to be
      considered for calculation. Eleven out of the 27 tests and 16 of 123 bands gave
      information recognized to be worthwhile. They contributed to the diagnosis of the
      7 commonest diseases, and would permit the selection of the best combination of
      tests to be performed. The frequency of use of tests did not reflect their
      utility. A test-sequencing proforma might be a useful aid in the work-up of
      patients.

PMID- 3405021
TI  - [Nuclear magnetic resonance tomography in diseases of the parotid gland].
AB  - The clinical experience with Magnetic Resonance Imaging in parotid gland diseases
      of 13 patients in discussed. An excellent visualization of the surrounding
      anatomy, the intrinsic structures of the gland. such as the facial nerve and the
      lesion, which can be achieved by MRI only, will provide more detailed information
      for the surgeon and thus for the prognosis. On the other hand, the
      differentiation of the diseases is not yet improved and MRI will certainly not
      replace the clinical examination including aspiration cytology.

PMID- 3405022
TI  - [Impression of the thyroid cartilage lamina--differential diagnosis in
      hyperplasia of the ventricular fold].
AB  - Impression of the thyroid lamina is presented by means of CT examinations of the
      larynx and in correlation with the clinical features and with serial sections of
      the larynx in the horizontal plane. This anomaly of the thyroid lamina produces
      the laryngoscopic aspect of a hyperplastic false vocal cord. Measurements proved
      that the horizontal extension of the convex thyroid lamina is always longer than
      the lamina of the other side. The pathogenetic mechanism in the development of
      this anomaly lies--in our opinion--in the irregular increase in size that
      probably begins at the onset of puberty. The impression of the thyroid lamina is
      predominantly found in men and mainly on the left side. In its effects this
      anomaly must be classified as a dysplastic dysphonia and as such it reduces the
      capacity of the vocal organ and predisposes to the development of functional
      dysphonia. There should be careful differentiation between the impression of the
      thyroid lamina and the "genuine" hyperplastic ventricular fold, because these
      clinical syndromes are completely different from each other in aetiology, therapy
      and consequences.

PMID- 3405023
TI  - [Movements of stapes-piston prostheses in changes in static air pressure].
AB  - The displacements of stapes piston prostheses, induced by variations of static
      air pressure from 0 to +/- 400 mm H2O, were examined in 9 temporal bone
      preparations by a microscopic measuring method. In the normal middle ear, the
      gliding incudo-malleal joint, serving as a protective mechanism, confined these
      movements to a mean of 232 microns. These in- and excursions could exceed 0.5 mm,
      however, with an ankylosed incudo-malleal joint. Arthrosis of this joint is not
      rare in otosclerosis. In view of these excessive displacements, compared to inner
      ear dimensions, piston prostheses should always dip into the vestibulum in the
      lower half of the footplate, far from endolymphatic membranes. A simple technique
      may intraoperatively reveal the gliding or ankylosed condition of incudo-malleal
      joint surfaces, prior to adapting the length of the prosthesis.

PMID- 3405024
TI  - [Hemangiopericytoma of the larynx].
AB  - Only 9 cases of haemangiopericytoma of the larynx have been described so far in
      international literature. In the present paper the tenth case is reported. This
      report concerns a woman patient of 79 years of age suffering from
      haemangiopericytoma localised on the left aryepiglottidian fold and in the
      laryngeal wall of the left piriform sinus. Generally, the histopathological
      diagnosis of this type of tumour presents problems, in particular the
      differential diagnosis to glomus tumours and haemangioendotheliomas.
      Haemangiopericytoma is considered to be a malignant tumour, and hence the tumour
      must be extirpated as radically as possible while protecting the organ system. It
      is recommended to provide for regular clinical control of these patients. In our
      case we could extirpate the complete tumour radically via lateral pharyngotomy,
      protecting the larynx and its function. In addition, we performed cricopharyngeal
      myotomy to prevent postoperative deglutition disorders. 6 months postoperatively
      the patient is symptom-free and up to now there is no local recurrence of the
      tumour.

PMID- 3405025
TI  - [Laser surgery in ENT surgery].
AB  - From a number of medically useful lasers, mainly the neodymium YAG and the carbon
      dioxide laser are employed in otorhinolaryngology. Until now, the neodymium YAG
      laser has been used only for coagulation of vessels in Osler's disease and for
      palliative treatment of malignant tracheo-oesophageal disease. However, the deep
      coagulation necrosis of the adjacent tissues severely restricts its use. The most
      widely utilised laser in ENT surgery is the carbon dioxide laser. Its main effect
      of precise cutting with an extremely fine zone of coagulation reduces bleeding
      after incision considerably. Secondary tissue reactions, delayed healing,
      decreased fibroblast activity and maybe more prominent subepithelial scarring,
      limit its use especially in the glottic region. Therefore, minor vocal cord
      alterations such as vocal nodules, cysts or polyps suitable for excision with
      scissors, should not be removed by laser. Optional indications are Reinke's
      oedema, intubation granulomas and contact pachydermas. Clear advantages of laser
      use are seen in the treatment of juvenile papillomas of the vocal fold and of
      smaller vocal cord carcinomas or recurrences after irradiation therapy of these.
      The carbon dioxide laser is superior to all other indications in the removal of
      large and obstructing laryngeal carcinomas to prevent tracheostomy. Very reliable
      is its use in the ablation of lingual tonsillar tissue to improve or eliminate
      symptoms in recurrent lingual tonsillitis. Transoral resection of small malignant
      lesions in the oral and pharyngeal cavity may be performed in analogy to electric
      cautery. The advantages of the laser compared to electrical surgery are a smaller
      postoperative oedema and less pain, as well as good spontaneous epithelialisation
      of defects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3405026
TI  - [Vestibular apparatus and hereditary hearing impairment].
AB  - Vestibular function tests in 33 cases of hereditary monosymptomatic symmetric
      sensorineural hearing loss do not show any significantly reduced excitability,
      but a mild difference between the groups with and without progression. A positive
      correlation is seen with the age of the children.

PMID- 3405027
TI  - [Results of tinnitus therapy using lidocaine iontophoresis].
AB  - 54 patients with severe tinnitus were treated by lidocaine iontophoresis. 25
      patients suffered from a bilateral tinnitus. A total of 75 ears were treated. The
      ratio of male to female patients was 3:1. The average age was 45 years. All
      patients had got over at least one ineffective treatment. Prior to iontophoresis
      a complete audiologic, neuro-otologic and x-ray examination of the temporal bones
      was performed. In all patients the frequency and intensity of tinnitus were
      determined before and immediately after a treatment. In 44 patients there was no
      difference in their tinnitus after the treatment. In one patient the tinnitus has
      become lower by the iontophoresis. The value of this method in tinnitus therapy
      is discussed.

PMID- 3405028
TI  - [Development of hearing following damage from acoustic trauma with reference to a
      subsequent workplace].
AB  - 60 patients were subjected to follow-up examination approximately one year after
      they had suffered initial damage due to acute acoustic trauma and received
      immediate in-patient therapy, in order to determine loss of hearing and
      development of tinnitus. The result of the study shows that both improvements in
      hearing and a disappearance of the tinnitus noise can be observed over the year,
      this being often closely associated with the noise level in the occupation
      pursued after in-patient treatment. At the same time, instances of progressive
      deterioration in hearing were also measured, which were virtually independent of
      the noise level. It is not possible to predict the development of hearing and
      tinnitus on the basis of the initial damage due to acoustic trauma.

PMID- 3405029
TI  - [Immediate reaction in native tests with red chironomid larvae].
AB  - Growing numbers of pet animals in households go along with increasing
      sensitisation hazards by various, partially highly aggressive allergens. Even
      running an aquarium can be risky for atopic humans, if the fishes are fed
      chironomid larvae. This is illustrated by a case of inhalation allergy in a
      patient who showed severe reactions to skin testing with native chironomidae.

PMID- 3405030
TI  - [Screening tests in childhood. Hearing screening--a necessity?].
AB  - The incidence of hearing loss in early childhood is not exactly defined in the
      Federal Republic of Germany. There are only some publications on this problem
      giving incidental information. By analysing this sparse data we tried to
      determine whether in incidence of hearing loss also applies to the German region.
      It appears necessary that hearing loss is screened in Germany, considering that
      other diseases having a lower incidence are also screened.

PMID- 3405031
TI  - [Hearing screening in neonates and infants using brain stem evoked acoustic
      potentials].
AB  - Reported failure rates of screening using the conventional brainstem auditory
      response (BAER), audiometry range from 5% to 60% with about 30% of the babies
      having normal hearing sensitivity on follow-up. The results of testing by an
      automated infant screener using advanced evoked response technology are compared
      with those of a conventional evoked response system operated by skilled
      personnel. 50 newborn were tested at a gestational age of 40-42 weeks. Normal
      results were obtained in all 25 newborn (50 ears) of the control group using both
      testing procedures. Out of 25 newborn (50 ears) at risk for congenital perinatal
      or postnatal hearing disorder, abnormal results for either screening or
      conventional BAER recording were seen in 6 ears with both methods.

PMID- 3405032
TI  - [Diagnosis of central hearing disorders in childhood].
AB  - As a contribution to the diagnosis of central auditory disorders in children we
      developed a series of tests providing a basis for the analysis of auditory
      perception dysfunctions, offering a detailed description of their symptomatology
      and thus furnishing a basis for carefully directed measures of treatment.
      Evaluation criteria necessary for the analysis of tests featuring artificially
      altered language (band-pass-filtered speech, time-compressed speech, tests with
      background noise or dichotic speech) are described together with findings
      obtained from previous investigations. The test series further includes objective
      audiometric methods and additional tests for the evaluation of auditory
      perception performance (e.g. phoneme discrimination).

PMID- 3405033
TI  - Systemic delivery of enkephalin peptide through eyes.
AB  - Leu-enkephalin is one of the important peptides which could become useful drugs
      in the clinics because of its analgesic action and its availability in mass
      quantity through biotechnology production. It is found in this study that
      enkephalin can be effectively absorbed systemically through eyes without using a
      surfactant as absorption enhancer. Enkephalin at 0.125% (31.25 micrograms/25
      microliter) reached a plateau of blood concentration at 11.5 ng/ml in 3-4 hrs and
      stayed high for 8-9 hrs. In contrast, the blood concentration of enkephalin
      declined rapidly after i.v. administration with a T1/2 of less than 30 min and
      reached the lowest point at 22 ng/ml in 5 hrs. With higher concentrations at 1%
      (.25 mg/25 microliter) and 5% (1.25 mg/25 microliter) similar absorption kinetics
      was observed except that they reached higher plateau of blood concentration at 72
      ng/ml and 233 ng/ml, respectively.

PMID- 3405035
TI  - One minute with diabetes.

PMID- 3405034
TI  - [Sar1Ile7]angiotensin III, a new selective antagonist of the pressor effect of
      angiotensin III in conscious rats.
AB  - Two analogues of angiotensin III were compared as antagonists of the pressor
      response to angiotensin II (ANG II) and angiotensin III (ANG III) in conscious,
      unrestrained rats. Dose-mean arterial pressure (MAP) response curves were
      obtained for ANG II and ANG III in the absence or presence of [Ile7]ANG III (1.3
      x 10(-7) mol/kg) or [Sar1 Ile7]ANG III (1.2 x 10(-7) mol/kg). In the presence of
      [Ile7]ANG III, the dose-MAP response curves for ANG II and ANG III were
      significantly displaced to the right. [Ile7]ANG III behaved as a partial agonist
      on ANG II but not ANG III receptors. In the presence of [Sar1 Ile7]ANG III, the
      dose-MAP response curve for ANG III but not ANG II was significantly displaced to
      the right. This suggests that [Sar1 Ile7]ANG III is a selective antagonist of ANG
      III in the vasculature. [Ile7]ANG III, on the other hand, antagonizes both ANG II
      and ANG III receptors. Our results support the hypothesis of the existence of a
      sub-class of angiotensin receptors activated by ANG III in the vascular smooth
      muscle.

PMID- 3405036
TI  - Cues for psychiatric referrals.

PMID- 3405037
TI  - Carcinoma of the pancreas and periampullary area, Part II.

PMID- 3405038
TI  - Medical advertising.

PMID- 3405039
TI  - Acute pulmonary histoplasmosis outbreak following home renovation.

PMID- 3405040
TI  - Implementation of DNR orders in the Department of Medicine, the Johns Hopkins
      Hospital.

PMID- 3405041
TI  - Lyme disease: epidemiological characteristics in Maryland, 1984-1986.

PMID- 3405042
TI  - Rehabilitation and AIDS: primary care and system support.

PMID- 3405043
TI  - The perils of bluefish: handle with care!

PMID- 3405044
TI  - Hemodynamics of butorphanol anesthesia in septic shock patient.

PMID- 3405045
TI  - Droperidol-induced hypertensive crisis in a patient with undiagnosed
      pheochromocytoma--a case report.

PMID- 3405046
TI  - The neuromuscular blockade of atracurium during portal triad clamping (PTC) in a
      primate model.

PMID- 3405047
TI  - Incidence and treatment of postoperative sore throat and hoarseness following
      endotracheal intubation.

PMID- 3405049
TI  - [The comparison of preoxygenation before induction in spontaneous breath of pure
      O2 for 5 minutes and 4 deep breaths in 30 seconds].

PMID- 3405048
TI  - [The changes in arterial oxygen saturation after apnea following deep breath of
      air or pure oxygen].

PMID- 3405050
TI  - [Postoperative hypothermia].

PMID- 3405051
TI  - Pulmonary function and analgesic effect after epidural ketamine for postoperative
      pain relief.

PMID- 3405052
TI  - Up-to-date management of pheochromocytoma with pregnancy.

PMID- 3405053
TI  - [Anesthesia for congenital diaphragmatic hernia in neonate--a case report].

PMID- 3405054
TI  - [Principles of constructing miniature rotation-plate pneumatic motors].
AB  - Tiny rotation-plate pneumomotors be made with a rotor lengthened to 3-5 diametres
      of a rotor with simultaneous gaz supply through 2-3 channels. It is recommended
      to use the kinetic energy of air current and a piston system of pneumomotor
      start.

PMID- 3405055
TI  - [Determining the puncture force of microneedles using a digital recording
      complex].
AB  - Measurement of power interaction of a microneedle with test-material permits to
      obtain a quantitative estimation of microneedle functional characteristics and to
      make the time of control of one needle 10 times as less in comparison with the
      traditional method of control by means of microscopes. The estimation of
      microneedles functional characteristics with the help of the offered device is
      confirmed by the results of clinical trials. It is advisable to use flat
      microneedles with triangular cutting end for dense biological tissues sewing
      together.

PMID- 3405056
TI  - [Study of the coatings of microsurgical instruments].
AB  - The coating of titanium nitride increases the working life a microsurgical
      instruments by 1.5 times. The coating is resistant to the bactericidal treatment.

PMID- 3405058
TI  - [Increasing the durability of microsurgical instruments by strengthening their
      working parts].
AB  - Increased wear-resistance of microsurgical instruments by facing, electric spark
      alloying and vacuum surfacing increases the working life of the instruments by
      1.5-3 times.

PMID- 3405057
TI  - [Increasing the wearing qualities of clamping microsurgical instruments by
      electrospark alloying].
AB  - Hard alloy coating of the surface of working elements of clamping microsurgery
      instruments by the method of electro-spark alloying permits to achieve a 2-fold
      increase of their working life and to improve their functional characteristics.

PMID- 3405059
TI  - [Increasing the quality of the surface of medical instruments made of titanium
      alloys].
AB  - The results of the treatment of titanium alloys BT-1, BT-6 and BT-8 by HF
      discharge of low pressure in the argon flow are given. The relationships of the
      material properties to the treatment mode were determined.

PMID- 3405060
TI  - [Algorithm for the automated processing of rheosignals].
AB  - Algorithm for rheosignals recognition for a microprocessing device with a
      representation apparatus and with automated and manual cursor control was
      examined. The algorithm permits to automate rheosignals registrating and
      processing taking into account their changeability.

PMID- 3405062
TI  - [Optimal parameters of the system of telemetric frequency-modulated
      electrocardiographic signals].
AB  - Most of manufactured ECG signals telephone transmitting systems with frequency
      modulation have not optimal parameters, reducing the noise immunity and resulting
      in signal distortion with large damping in telephone lines. The theoretical and
      experimental analysis permits the optimization of the modulation index of the
      translator and the band-pass of the receiver and is realized through the
      recommendations to constructors.

PMID- 3405061
TI  - [Pneumatic motors and nozzles used in traumatology and surgery].
AB  - New original constructions of pneumatic motors and nozzles (with guaranteed start
      up of a pneumomotor with a nozzle) are described. They ensure non-traumatic
      treatment of osseous tissues and exclude the breakage of a cutting instrument in
      work.

PMID- 3405063
TI  - [Relation between cost and quality of production (e.g., the manufacturing of
      dental instruments)].
AB  - A conclusion on the necessity of developing the effective system of encouragement
      for the development and production of high-quality medical engineering was made
      with account of these articles on the basis of correlation between prices and
      quality of the production in the subbranch.

PMID- 3405064
TI  - [A universal hemovolumetric ruler].

PMID- 3405065
TI  - [New instruments for pediatric abdominal surgery].
AB  - New all-purpose instruments for abdominal surgery in children are described.
      Instruments are easy to use and non-traumatic. They have decreased weight and
      dimensions, and can be adopted for wide use in surgery in infants and young
      children.

PMID- 3405066
TI  - [Instruments for the surgical treatment of newborn infants].

PMID- 3405067
TI  - [A set of instruments for microsurgical operations in gynecology].
AB  - Optimal nomenclature, design and shape of the instrument working elements have
      been elaborated. New materials as well as new technological methods were used to
      strengthen the gripping jaws. The kit is designed for operations on uterine tubes
      in female infertility. Analysis of clinical use is given.

PMID- 3405068
TI  - [A set of instruments for laser choledochotomy and papillosphincterotomy].
AB  - Development and series production of a special instrument for realization of
      extrahepatic biliary tract surgery with the use of laser surgery units Skalpel-1,
      Romashka-1 and Romashka-2 is planned for 1987. It will expand the possibilities
      of biliary tract laser surgery and increase the effect of surgical interventions.

PMID- 3405069
TI  - [A biopsy forceps with a needle for a flexible endoscope].
AB  - Biopsy forceps with a suture needle were developed. They will enable to increase
      considerably the efficacy and accuracy of diagnostic procedures in early cancer
      and precancerous conditions, and the differentiation of malignant and benign
      affections of internal organs as well.

PMID- 3405070
TI  - [Peripheral lymph node tuberculosis in Djibouti].
AB  - 153 well documented records, gathered in one year in a Tuberculosis Center, were
      studied. Adenoid localization represents on fourth of all tuberculosis, and 95%
      of all etiologies of peripheral adenopathies. Value of bacteriological tests is
      studied and compared to the one of histology. The almost sole presence of
      Mycobacterium tuberculosis hominis is an uncommon datum, interesting in the field
      of epidemiology. The recorded outstanding efficacy of modern anti-tuberculosis
      drugs is less known, perhaps because of scarcity of recent works on such
      localizations. Some easy and reliable guidance is proposed within the context of
      a Communicable Diseases Program.

PMID- 3405071
TI  - [Breast feeding and birth spacing in Burundi: an approach].
AB  - Breast-feeding (BFD), post-partum amenorrhea (PPA), and birth interval (BI) were
      studied in 247 mothers from Burundi (159 rural and 88 urban). BFD was higher in
      rural than in urban areas (23.8 +/- 6.8 vs 16.5 +/- 7.2 mths, p less than 0.001),
      as for PPA (16.9 +/- 8.5 vs 8.9 +/- 8 mths, p less than 0.001) and Bl (29 +/- 11
      vs 25.7 +/- 10.7 mths, p less than 0.01). PPA of non exclusively breast-feeding
      (NEB) mothers was lower than that of the other mothers (5.7 +/- 6.5 vs 13.9 +/- 9
      mths, p less than 0.001). The proportion of mothers with PPA less than or equal
      to 12 months was higher in NEB mothers (88.9% vs 49%, p less than 0.001). The
      relative risk of pregnancy 9 to 12 mths after a birth was 4 times higher for
      these mothers (28% vs 9%, RR = 3.9, p less than 0.001). PPA and BI were
      correlated with BFD (respectively r = 0.644 and r = 0.21, p less than 0.001). A
      multivariate analysis showed that PPA is lowered when BFD and frequency of
      sucking are reduced in urban high socio-economic levels (R = 56%, p less than
      0.01). BI was not so lowered in urban area than expected with a lower BFD and
      PPA. These data suggest that post-partum infertility period lowered in urban area
      would be partially counterbalanced by cultural taboo inhibiting sexual
      intercourse during breast-feeding. Deep modification in sexual behavior
      accelerated by use of contraceptives should lead to be careful in their spread in
      family planning programmes where breast-feeding promotion is more than ever a
      priority.

PMID- 3405073
TI  - [Temporomandibular ankylosis in Gabon (apropos of 13 case reports)].
AB  - The authors report on 13 cases of temporomandibular ankylosis observed in Gabon.
      Based on an epidemiologic and etio-pathogenic study, they dwell on the existing
      therapy of this affection, i.e. broad osteotomy with silicone interposition
      followed by mechanotherapy prolonged in time. Prophylaxis is discussed in the
      framework of Primary Health Care.

PMID- 3405072
TI  - [Respiratory complications of leptospirosis. Apropos of 6 cases, 3 of which show
      hemodynamic studies].
AB  - Six cases of leptospirosis with pulmonary complications are reported. Three cases
      were accompanying an hepato-nephritis due to L. icterohaemorrhagiae. The first
      patient died with massive hemoptysis. The second, presenting a bilateral
      pneumopathy predominant on the left side, recovered after plasma exchange and
      hemofiltration. The third case concerned a pulmonary edema complicating a
      vascular refilling in a shock syndrome it simply recovered. The three other cases
      were observed in an anicteric leptospirosis: in two cases, L. Australis was
      responsible; in the last, L. icterohaemorrhagiae was involved. The first patient
      had a radiologic picture simulating miliary tuberculosis. The second had
      pulmonary edema complicating a vascular refilling in a shock syndrome. The last
      was an acute respiratory distress syndrome, treated with artificial ventilation
      with penicillin therapy and corticotherapy. All these 3 patients recovered. The
      diagnostic, physiopathologic and therapeutic problems of these pulmonary
      complications of leptospirosis are discussed. The lesional nature of the
      pulmonary edema is proved by the low pulmonary wedge pressures observed with the
      Swan-Ganz Catheter.

PMID- 3405074
TI  - [Contribution to the knowledge of cerebrovascular pathology in India].
AB  - After a short historical account about the knowledge of the post-partum cerebral
      thrombo-phlebitis in India, the author recalls and describes the symptomatology,
      the therapy, the course and the important share of this affection in the indian
      general pathology. The place of the "medecins des troupes de marine" in the first
      description of this vascular pathology, as well as, the history of the Pondichery
      medicine school, are evoked.

PMID- 3405075
TI  - Rates and dates of divergence between AIDS virus nucleotide sequences.
AB  - The acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), caused by a retrovirus called
      human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), has become a pandemic. A knowledge of the
      rate of nucleotide substitution in HIV and of the history and pattern of spread
      of the virus is important for understanding the epidemiology and pathogenesis of
      AIDS and for developing therapies and vaccine strategies. A new model has been
      developed and used to estimate the substitution rates in various regions in the
      HIV genome. The rate of nonsynonymous (amino acid-changing) substitution is
      lowest in the regions coding for the capsid proteins and the reverse
      transcriptase, being approximately 1.7 X 10(-3) nucleotide
      substitutions/site/year. The nonsynonymous rate is extremely high (14 X 10(-3] in
      the hypervariable regions of the envelope gene, suggesting extremely rapid change
      in viral antigenicity. The nonsynonymous rates in the other coding regions are
      between 3 X 10(-3) and 7 X 10(-3). The average synonymous rate for the HIV genome
      is 10 X 10(-3). These rates are 10(6) times greater than the rates in DNA genomes
      and at least as high as the rates in other RNA viruses. Evidence is provided for
      a case of recombination between different HIV strains. Our analysis suggests that
      the AIDS virus had existed in central Africa before 1960 and spread to North
      America before the mid 1970s. The evolutionary relationships among HIV isolates
      are inferred from nucleotide sequence data, and the result is consistent with the
      view that AIDS spread from Haiti to the United States.

PMID- 3405076
TI  - Current versus historical population sizes in vertebrate species with high gene
      flow: a comparison based on mitochondrial DNA lineages and inbreeding theory for
      neutral mutations.
AB  - Using inbreeding theory as applied to neutral alleles inherited maternally, we
      generate expected probability distributions of times to identity by descent for
      random pairs of mitochondrial genotypes within a population or within an entire
      species characterized by high gene flow. For comparisons with these expectations,
      empirical distributions of times to most recent common ancestry were calculated
      (by conventional mtDNA clock calibrations) from mtDNA haplotype distances
      observed within each of three vertebrate species--American eels, hardhead
      catfish, and redwinged blackbirds. These species were chosen for analysis because
      census population size in each is currently large and because both genetic and
      life-history data are consistent with the postulate that historical gene flow
      within these species has been high. The observed molecular distances among mtDNA
      lineages were two to three orders of magnitude lower than predicted from census
      sizes of breeding females, suggesting that rate of mtDNA evolution is decelerated
      in these species and/or that long-term effective population size is vastly
      smaller than present-day population size. Several considerations point to the
      latter possibility as most likely. The genetic structure of any species is
      greatly influenced by historical demography; even for species that are currently
      abundant, mtDNA gene lineages appear to have been channeled through fairly small
      numbers of ancestors.

PMID- 3405077
TI  - Molecular coevolution among cryptically simple expansion segments of eukaryotic
      26S/28S rRNAs.
AB  - The set of "expansion segments" of any eukaryotic 26S/28S ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
      gene is responsible for the bulk of the difference in length between the
      prokaryotic 23S rRNA gene and the eukaryotic 26S/28S rRNA gene. The expansion
      segments are also responsible for interspecific fluctuations in length during
      eukaryotic evolution. They show a consistent bias in base composition in any
      species; for example, they are AT rich in Drosophila melanogaster and GC rich in
      vertebrate species. Dot-matrix comparisons of sets of expansion segments reveal
      high similarities between members of a set within any 28S rRNA gene of a species,
      in contrast to the little or spurious similarity that exists between sets of
      expansion segments from distantly related species. Similarities among members of
      a set of expansion segments within any 28S rRNA gene cannot be accounted for by
      their base-compositional bias alone. In contrast, no significant similarity
      exists within a set of "core" segments (regions between expansion segments) of
      any 28S rRNA gene, although core segments are conserved between species. The set
      of expansion segments of a 26S/28S gene is coevolving as a unit in each species,
      at the same time as the family of 28S rRNA genes, as a whole, is undergoing
      continual homogenization, making all sets of expansion segments from all
      ribosomal DNA (rDNA) arrays in a species similar in sequence. Analysis of DNA
      simplicity of 26S/28S rRNA genes shows a direct correlation between significantly
      high relative simplicity factors (RSFs) and sequence similarity among a set of
      expansion segments. A similar correlation exists between RSF values, overall rDNA
      lengths, and the lengths of individual expansion segments. Such correlations
      suggest that most length fluctuations reflect the gain and loss of simple
      sequence motifs by slippage-like mechanisms. We discuss the molecular coevolution
      of expansion segments, which takes place against a background of slippage-like
      and unequal crossing-over mechanisms of turnover that are responsible for the
      accumulation of interspecific differences in rDNA sequences.

PMID- 3405078
TI  - Evolution of androgen-regulated mRNA expression in mouse kidney.
AB  - To gain information on the evolution of mammalian gene expression patterns, we
      studied the androgen-inducible expression of three kidney mRNAs in several mouse
      species (genus Mus). The RP2, ornithine decarboxylase, and beta-glucuronidase
      mRNAs have each evolved independently, in that the pattern of variation among
      species is unique for each. This suggests a role for gene-specific, cis-acting
      genetic elements. Relationships between the regulatory phenotypes and the species
      phylogeny suggest that the variations in hormone-inducible mRNA expression were
      generated by a series of independent mutations that occurred in specific
      lineages, resulting in modifications of the progenitor phenotype. Alternatively,
      the variations may have preexisted within the progenitor population as
      polymorphisms that were fixed during establishment of individual lineages. Thus,
      significant alterations in the androgen-regulated mRNA phenotype have occurred
      either prior to or during speciation within the Mus genus. These alterations are
      presumed to be in regulatory sequences that control the expression of the
      corresponding genes and their response to testosterone; as such, they should be
      useful in further studying the genetic determinants of gene expression and its
      evolution.

PMID- 3405079
TI  - [Histological studies and clinical observations of the effect of various types of
      dust on the organ of vision of small laboratory animals].
AB  - For seven days, three times a day, female rats were instilled into their
      conjunctival sacs suspensions of power plant dusts, soil and clay. Clinically
      observed were inflammatory changes of the conjunctiva and cyclids margins as well
      as traumatisation of the corneal and conjunctival epithelia, appearing at
      different stages on the experiment. Cytoenzymatic examinations indicated
      disturbances of oxidation and reduction processes, changes in dialysis through
      physiologic membranes and dissociation of protein synthesis.

PMID- 3405080
TI  - [Antipyrine test in petrochemical industry workers exposed to benzene].
AB  - Forty petrochemical industry workers occupationally exposed to benzene levels
      within TLVs (30 mg.m-3) had their hepatic microsomal enzyme function
      quantitatively assessed by the antipyrine test. The clearance (C1AP) and half
      life (P1/2) of antipyrine in the saliva were determined. The benzene-exposed
      workers exhibited increased C1AP and decreased P1/2, as compared to 20 control
      subjects. The occupational exposure to benzene at the concentrations exceeding 30
      mg.m-3 seems to induce the microsomal enzyme function of the liver.

PMID- 3405081
TI  - [A method of evaluating physical exertion during work based on the assessment of
      work capacity].
AB  - A method of calculating the synthetic index of effort capability, based on
      results of submaximal effort test, has been presented. Examinations of people
      working at 4 workstations demonstrated that the reduced effort capability after
      work is proportional to work energetic expenditure. The usefulness of work
      fatigue analysis has been indicated, as its magnitude, when accompanied by
      evaluation of effort capability changes, points to static load as an additional
      disadvantageous factor.

PMID- 3405082
TI  - [Evaluation of the development of the respiratory system in big-city adolescents,
      e.g., students of the Technical School of Mechanics and the Grammar School in
      Lodz (II)].
AB  - In 104 students from Secondary Technical School of Mechanics (TM) and 37 students
      from Grammar School (LO, 15-19 year-old, a longitudinal study of respiratory
      system was carried out. During the whole period of studies such spirographic
      parameters as VC, FEV1, FIV1, IMBC and Ziemssen and Amar indices were assessed.
      Spirographic parameters were assessed on the Pulmotest Godard. The subjects from
      each school were divided into two sub-groups: those practising in a sporting club
      (sport group--SG) and those who do not practise any sport in an organized way
      (non-sport group--NSG). In the students from TM and LO spirographic parameters
      were increased during the whole period of investigation and they reached the
      highest level in the first and second form. No differences were observed between
      students of TM and LO as regards the test parameters. The highest values were
      observed in the sport subgroups--the differences in the first and second forms
      being statistically significant.

PMID- 3405083
TI  - [Sensory conduction and central somatosensory conduction time in toxic
      polyneuropathy].
AB  - The "transit time to cortex" was estimated in the group of 15 patients living
      around the copperworks. The somatosensory evoked potentials method has been
      applied. Clinical and neurographic disturbances (polyneuropathy with prolonged
      sensory conduction velocity) in this group of patients was accompanied by
      disturbances of the central nervous system ("transit time to cortex" was
      prolonged). The examination of averaged evoked potentials has a great value in
      estimation of early stages of toxic damages of the central nervous system and can
      be applied in the prevention of chronic industrial poisonings.

PMID- 3405084
TI  - [Evaluation of iron metabolism in workers exposed to led compounds in a tile
      glaze factory 1981-1982].
AB  - The investigations have been aimed at an estimation of the iron balance in lead
      exposed workers. The investigations were carried out in a group of 20 men
      producing lead glazes and a control group of 23 Medical Academy students. Lead
      concentration was found to be remarkably higher in the exposed group, as compared
      to the controls. In the control group 26% of subjects exhibited lead
      concentration within 40.5 micrograms/dm3. The obtained results of D
      aminolevulinic acid concentrations in the exposed patients' urine did not differ
      from the controls. Toxic effects of lead on haem synthesis resulted in
      significantly higher concentration of iron and transferin saturation percent as
      compared to controls. The excessive concentration of lead found in the urine of
      26% of students points to non-professional exposure.

PMID- 3405085
TI  - [Peripheral blood neutrophils in automobile tire factory workers in the light of
      cytochemical studies].
AB  - In 73 workers producing rubber mixtures and tubes the number and percentage
      composition of white peripheral blood cells as well as the NBT reduction test and
      cytochemical reactions to lactic (LDH) and succinic (SDH) dehydrogenases in
      neutrophils were estimated. The amount and percentage composition only slightly
      differed from controls. The NBT reduction index and the reactivity of LDH and SDH
      tests in neutrophils were elevated.

PMID- 3405086
TI  - [Immunoelectrophorogram and serum levels of immunoglobulins G, A and M in
      automobile tire factory workers].
AB  - Electrophoresis and immunoelectrophoresis of serum proteins and concentrations of
      IgG, IgA and IgM in serum were estimated in 87 rubber tire workers producing
      rubber mixtures (44 males) and tubes (25 males and 18 females). The total serum
      protein concentration, as compared with controls, was not changed, however the
      percentage of gamma globulins was elevated and that of albumins and alpha and
      beta globulins reduced. The immunoelectrophoretic distribution frequently showed
      a rise of acute phase proteins and immunoglobulins, most frequently those of IgG
      and IgA. Quantitative determinations showed a significant rise of serum IgG and
      IgA and in workers employed at the production of rubber mixtures also a fall of
      IgM concentrations, as compared to control groups.

PMID- 3405087
TI  - [Effect of electromagnetic fields on the living body. II. Changes in alanine and
      aspartate aminotransferase activities in subcellular fractions of the liver of
      guinea pigs].
AB  - The 50 Hz frequency electric field was applied to guinea pigs at different times
      of the day. The electric field effects upon the alanine and asparagine
      aminotransferase in supernatant, mitochondrial and nuclear fractions of guinea
      pig liver were observed. The highest increase in alanine aminotransferase
      activity was observed in the mitochondrial fraction, whereas asparagine
      transferase exhibited the highest activity increase in the supernatant fraction.
      Those changes may be indicative of adverse effects of electric field upon the
      liver cell metabolism.

PMID- 3405088
TI  - The influence of metabolic control on very low density lipoprotein composition in
      hypertriglyceridemic type II diabetics. A study using heparin-sepharose
      chromatography.
AB  - The composition and heparin-binding capacity of very low density lipoproteins
      (VLDL) from type II diabetics prone to develop secondary hypertriglyceridemia
      have been examined. Twelve diabetic patients whose triglyceride levels normalized
      during short-term treatment for hyperglycemia were studied. Normalization of
      triglyceride values reduced plasma levels of VLDL without modifying its relative
      lipid composition. There was, however, an increase in its relative apoprotein
      (apo) content, to which apo B made a greater percentage contribution. The
      calculated average particle diameter of posttreatment VLDL was reduced. The
      fraction of VLDL binding to heparin increased after treatment. Binding was
      strongly correlated to the apo B content and, to a lesser extent, to the apo E
      content. The data suggest that treatment of hyperglycemia favorably modified VLDL
      such that they more closely resemble VLDL from normolipidemic subjects, with
      potentially beneficial physiological consequences.

PMID- 3405089
TI  - The effects of dietary calcium deprivation on serum calcitriol levels in
      premenopausal and postmenopausal women.
AB  - The effect of the postmenopausal state on serum calcitriol levels was studied in
      13 normal premenopausal women and 10 normal postmenopausal women under basal
      conditions and during seven days of dietary calcium deprivation. Calcitriol
      levels and the free calcitriol index were lower in the postmenopausal women, and
      this difference persisted during calcium deprivation. One of the major actions of
      calcitriol is to increase gut calcium absorption. Relative calcitriol deficiency,
      despite retained renal synthetic reserve, would in part explain the increased
      dietary calcium requirement to maintain calcium balance in postmenopausal women.

PMID- 3405090
TI  - Effect of intrahypothalamic hydroxybutyrate on sympathetic firing rate.
AB  - Following the microinjection of 3-hydroxybutyrate into either the paraventricular
      or ventomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus, there was a significant increase in
      firing rate of the sympathetic nerves to brown adipose tissue, with a peak
      increase in activity occurring three minutes following the injection. The
      response in both hypothalamic regions was dose-dependent. When injected into both
      regions at the same time, the increase in firing rate was additive. These studies
      suggest that ketone bodies in the central nervous system may activate the
      sympathetic nervous system.

PMID- 3405091
TI  - Endurance training and bone loss in calcium-deficient and ovariectomized rats.
AB  - We examined interactions among physical training, estrogen deficiency, and
      calcium deficiency with respect to the maintenance of femoral bone in five groups
      of 10 to 11-month-old female Fischer 344 rats: sedentary intact, sedentary
      ovariectomized, trained intact, trained ovariectomized, and control. All rats,
      except controls, were maintained on a calcium-deficient diet (0.02%) for 8 weeks,
      and had lower femoral weight, density, ash weight, and ash weight/volume than
      control rats. Ovariectomy combined with calcium deficiency decreased bone density
      more than did calcium deficiency alone. Treadmill training for 8 weeks resulted
      in an increase in maximal functional capacity, endurance time, heart weight and
      heart/body weight and attenuated the decrease in femoral density observed when
      ovariectomy and calcium deficiency both were present such that it was similar to
      that observed in calcium deficiency alone. We concluded that calcium-deficient
      ovariectomized rats undergo some of the bone changes characteristic of
      osteoporosis, and of these changes, a decrease in femoral density was attenuated
      by endurance training.

PMID- 3405092
TI  - Alterations in the HDL system after rapid plasma cholesterol reduction by LDL
      apheresis.
AB  - Changes in high density lipoprotein (HDL) subfraction structure and composition
      were analyzed during and after extracorporeal removal of apo B containing
      lipoproteins in seven familial hypercholesterolemic (FH) patients. After the
      apheretic procedure, carried out with dextran-sulfate-cellulose columns, the
      plasma levels of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), low density lipoproteins
      (LDL), and HDL decreased by 72%, 50%, and 19%, respectively. The free cholesterol
      to esterified cholesterol ratio in plasma increased, with a 26% drop in the
      lecithin:cholesterol acyl transferase (LCAT) activity. In the ensuing 24 hours,
      VLDL, HDL, and LCAT activity approached the pretreatment levels. During this
      phase, possibly as a consequence of increased cholesterol esterification and
      exchange of cholesteryl esters for triglycerides between HDL and VLDL, HDL2a
      particles were detected in plasma. However, these metabolic changes did not
      result in clearcut modifications in the HDL2-HDL3 subfraction distribution. These
      findings clearly demonstrate that rapid changes in the plasma VLDL-LDL levels
      affect several processes involved in the HDL metabolism, but confirm that the HDL
      system, in spite of a considerable plasticity, displays a marked stability of the
      HDL2-HDL3 subfraction distribution.

PMID- 3405093
TI  - Effects of aerobic exercise on energy expenditure and nitrogen balance during
      very low calorie dieting.
AB  - Aerobic exercise in addition to severe caloric restriction was studied for its
      effects on resting energy expenditure (REE), weight loss, and lean tissue
      preservation in adult women. A formula diet providing 1.5 g protein and 0.5 g
      carbohydrate (CHO) per kilogram of ideal body weight daily (mean intake 720
      kcal/d) was given to 12 overweight inpatients for 4 to 5 weeks. Six subjects
      remained sedentary (group 1), while the other six subjects (group 2) performed
      supervised endurance exercise (a total of 27 hours at 50% of maximal oxygen
      uptake (VO2max) over 4 weeks). Lean tissue preservation was excellent in both
      groups and was unaffected by the group 2 exercise regimen. Weight loss over 4
      weeks in the two groups did not differ (group 1, 6.9 +/- 0.7 kg; group 2, 6.5 +/-
      0.7 kg). The VO2max was not increased after 4 weeks of exercise compared with
      controls. The resting oxygen consumption (rVO2) of both groups declined 10% (P
      less than .001) in the first seven days of dieting. Thereafter the rVO2 in group
      1 remained stable, but a further 17% reduction occurred in group 2 (P less than
      .03) by the third week of exercise. The free triiodothyronine (fT3) concentration
      also fell more in group 2 (P less than .05), suggesting a relationship between
      fT3 and energy expenditure during severe caloric restriction. The ergometer
      exercise for up to two hours daily was well tolerated. The absence of either a
      training effect or accelerated weight loss in group 2 may be due to the limited
      duration (4 weeks) or intensity of the exercise.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3405094
TI  - Cardiac sympathetic activity during rat pregnancy.
AB  - The turnover of injected tracer [3H] norepinephrine (NE) was determined in heart
      and interscapular brown adipose tissue of virgin and 10-day and 20-day pregnant
      rats. In two experiments fractional [3H]NE turnover in heart was 87% and 92%
      higher in 20-day pregnant animals compared to virgin controls, but did not differ
      between 10-day pregnant and control animals. NE turnover in brown adipose tissue
      did not differ between control and pregnant animals at either gestational age.
      Twenty-four-hour urinary excretion of NE, epinephrine (E), and dopamine (D) was
      measured serially in six pregnant rats and compared to virgin controls. NE
      excretion during pregnancy was significantly higher than the controls and showed
      a progressive increase during the last third of pregnancy. At term the excretion
      rate was 2.6-fold greater than that of controls. Excretion of E and D did not
      differ between pregnant and nonpregnant animals. It is concluded that cardiac
      sympathetic nervous system activity increases during rat pregnancy. That this
      change in sympathetic activity is not global is indicated by the finding of
      unchanged NE turnover in interscapular brown adipose tissue. Urinary excretion
      data are consistent with increased sympathetic activity during late gestation,
      with no change in adrenal medullary function.

PMID- 3405095
TI  - Lipectomy influences white adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity and plasma
      triglyceride levels in ground squirrels.
AB  - Golden-mantled ground squirrels undergo marked fattening and fat depletion during
      the prehibernatory and hibernatory phases, respectively, of their annual body
      weight cycle. Fat regulation was studied by surgical removal (lipectomy) of most
      of the inguinal-subcutaneous, retroperitoneal, and parametrial fat depots from
      female squirrels during the weight-gain phase of the annual cycle. Seven weeks
      after surgery, body weights of lipectomized (Lipx) and Sham-Lipx squirrels were
      equivalent, although white adipose tissue was not completely recovered in Lipx
      animals. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity was markedly elevated in subcutaneous
      adipose tissue of Lipx squirrels, but not in other depots. Plasma triglyceride
      (TG) levels also were higher in Lipx squirrels 7 weeks after surgery. Changes in
      LPL activity and plasma TG may contribute to body mass and lipid restoration
      following lipectomy.

PMID- 3405096
TI  - 2', 5' oligo (A) synthetase levels in interferon-sensitive or resistant breast
      cancer cells.
AB  - The levels of 2', 5' oligo (A) synthetase increase 15-fold when T47D cells are
      treated with human interferon or with interferon inducers. The results also show
      that interferon-treated T47D cells contain high levels of 2', 5' oligo (A)
      synthetase which upon incubation with ATP produces adenine oligonucleotides which
      are predominantly trimers. In contrast, MCF-7 and BT20 cells whether treated with
      interferon or not exhibit low 2', 5' oligo (A) synthetase activity.

PMID- 3405097
TI  - Rubella epidemiology over a 14-year period in Siena (Italy): a retrospective
      serological survey.
AB  - A retrospective rubella serological survey spanning a 14-year period (1973-1986)
      was carried out on 5,726 subjects (2,339 diseased patients and 3,387 healthy
      females) of various ages and mostly living in the town of Siena or in its
      surroundings. Rubella antibodies were assayed by a haemagglutination-inhibition
      technique. The infection rate, as inferred from the analysis of the
      seropositivity rate according to age, peaked in the 6 to 10 year age group and
      was apparently very low in subjects aged over 30. The overall seropositivity rate
      of healthy females of childbearing age was 88.4%. Notwithstanding the fact that
      rubella vaccination has been recommended for all school-girls since 1973, no
      significant difference was noticed between the seropositivity rates of healthy
      females aged 18-23 observed in the period 1973-78 (i.e. before the first
      immunized subjects reached this age group) and in the period 1981-86 (i.e. when
      this age group had already been included among the first vaccinees). Serological
      diagnosis of acute rubella infection was achieved in 44 (1.9%) of the 2,339
      diseased patients. Most diagnoses occurred in spring months.

PMID- 3405098
TI  - Activity of several antibiotics against staphylococci.
AB  - The activity of ten antibiotics was determined against methicillin-susceptible
      and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus isolates. Vancomycin, cephalothin,
      rifampicin and clindamycin were the most active antimicrobial agents. Considering
      the potential toxicity problems of vancomycin and the ability of clindamycin to
      increase opsonization, our data suggest that clindamycin may have a potential
      therapeutic use in the treatment of infections caused by methicillin-resistant
      staphylococci.

PMID- 3405099
TI  - Occurrence of Plesiomonas shigelloides in humans and water in Zaria, Nigeria.
AB  - A total of 1,171 human faeces and 269 water samples were examined for Plesiomonas
      shigelloides in Zaria. The rate of isolation for humans was 0.17% while the
      detection rates in pond and well water samples were 7.4% and 0.6% respectively.
      No recoveries were made from water samples taken from streams, dams, tanks and
      taps. Neither Shigella nor Salmonella was isolated from the water samples tested.
      It is concluded that water may play a role in the epidemiology of P. shigelloides
      but may not be a common vehicle for transmission of Shigella and Salmonella in
      Zaria, Nigeria.

PMID- 3405101
TI  - The system needs fixing!

PMID- 3405100
TI  - Isolation of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae from a 55 year old man and a positive
      tracing of the infection to chicken-raising premise.
AB  - Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae was isolated from the swollen finger of a 55 year
      old man. The swelling was due to a peck by an infected chicken. Tracing the
      infection to the chicken-raising premises has proven that the bacterium was
      present in some of the chicken and manure samples.

PMID- 3405102
TI  - MSMS program helps troubled doctors return to the mainstream.

PMID- 3405103
TI  - Physician's Recovery Network is here to help you.

PMID- 3405104
TI  - The physician and chemical dependence.

PMID- 3405105
TI  - Organic mental disorders and the issue of retirement.

PMID- 3405109
TI  - Everything is relative.

PMID- 3405108
TI  - Be efficient, stay on time.

PMID- 3405110
TI  - Parallel-track curricula.

PMID- 3405106
TI  - An auxiliary point of view.

PMID- 3405107
TI  - We need to get back to practicing medicine--not law, says Carl A. Gagliardi, MD.

PMID- 3405111
TI  - Primary knowledge, medical education and consultant expertise.
AB  - We have studied the knowledge of students and clinicians that they actually used
      to follow up four problems in general medicine. Some unexpected similarities and
      differences in their readily accessible or primary knowledge were found in groups
      from first-year clinical medical students to consultants. There is no linear
      increase in the quantity of primary knowledge with experience, but qualitative
      changes are very much more important. At all levels individuals show a remarkable
      dissimilarity in the knowledge they use to solve clinical problems, so that the
      bulk of personal knowledge used is individual. Comparatively rarely do people use
      the same knowledge to solve any one clinical problem. However, there is evidence
      of a general tendency towards increasing uniformity in knowledge as a result of
      the medical school years. After houseman level, individuality increases again.
      These changes result in consultants achieving an identical profile to first-year
      clinical medical students in terms of the extent to which their primary knowledge
      bases are held individually or in common. These findings suggest that consultant
      expertise is actually based on individual experience rather than a common core of
      knowledge. The influence of medical school in providing such a common knowledge
      base is (1) limited and (2) reversed by clinical practice. The results suggest
      the necessity for increased vocational and practice-oriented components in
      medical education, particularly in postgraduate education.

PMID- 3405112
TI  - Trigger segments: towards improving listening skills?
AB  - Written 'trigger' segments depicting emotionally charged clinical situations
      arising from real patient encounters, and ending with a pertinent statement by
      the parent, were prepared and presented to senior medical students, postgraduate
      medical and allied professionals. They were asked to record their immediate
      reactions, how they would have responded and on reflection, how they ought to
      have responded. General discussion followed, highlighting various issues dealing
      with patient management. Trigger segments, a relatively simple teaching approach,
      allow students to experience difficult clinical situations and learn, in a
      relatively supportive environment of their peers, their own responses. Such
      triggers as part of a wider programme, may provide a further method to improve
      listening skills and increase personal understanding of the professional's own
      responses.

PMID- 3405113
TI  - Teaching clinical skills to medical students: the use of simulated patients and
      videotaping in general practice.
AB  - This paper describes the use of simulated patients in a problem-based teaching
      programme designed to develop the clinical skills of medical students during a 5
      week course in general practice in the University of Leicester. The logistics of
      training and the advantages of using simulated patients are discussed. Simulated
      patients are practicable and acceptable in a United Kingdom medical school, and
      the reaction of students to their use is favourable.

PMID- 3405114
TI  - Eight years' experience with a structured clinical examination.
AB  - A structured clinical examination has been an integral component of the final
      year examinations conducted by the Departments of Medicine and Surgery at the
      University of Adelaide for the last 8 years. It has been used as an alternative
      to the traditional clinical examination. This paper describes the results of
      ongoing student and examiner surveys carried out to determine their views and
      satisfaction with this new approach. It also briefly discusses the feasibility of
      introducing such an examination into a conventional medical school environment.
      The surveys showed a remarkable level of acceptance and support by both students
      and examiners. This positive reaction has been maintained over the 8-year period.
      The main reasons seem to be its perceived relevance and fairness. Students also
      appear to be directing their learning in a direction thought desirable by
      teachers. No significant problems have been encountered with the practical
      implementation of the method.

PMID- 3405115
TI  - Effects of sex and alphabetical listing on examination performance of medical
      students.
AB  - An analysis of examination performance by second-year medical students was
      undertaken in order to investigate suspected correlations with sex and surname
      initial. On genetics questions women gained 8.6% higher marks than men, a highly
      significant difference reflected also in their superior performance overall.
      Failure rates of men, but not women students in genetics showed a significant
      positive correlation with alphabetical listing and ranged from 14% in the A-C
      region to 33% in the region T-Z. Distinction grades in genetics showed a
      significant negative relationship with alphabetical listing especially among
      women, ranging from 50% among the As to 13% in the J-S region, rising again to
      22% at T-Z. The alphabetically based trend in men's failures in genetics was
      confirmed by their results in the whole examination, although the two marks did
      not correlate at an individual level. In contrast, among women achievement
      correlated reasonably well in the two assessments.

PMID- 3405116
TI  - A 6-year follow-up of the type A behaviour pattern in medical students.
AB  - A sample of 104 medical students was tested for the Type A behaviour pattern,
      using the Jenkins Activity Survey (Form N fully weighted and Form C Glass Student
      scores) at four points over a 6-year period during the medical course. Fully
      weighted Type A scores showed a significant increase over the first 3 years of
      the course, followed by a drop--to approximately second-year levels--by the end
      of the 6-year period. A similar but non-significant pattern was observed for the
      Glass scores. It was suggested that the decrease in the scores was related to
      lesser usefulness of the Type A pattern during the clinical years of the medical
      course. A significant difference was found for the final written examination,
      with those who scored above the median on the Glass Student Type A scale doing
      better than low scorers. This result was not replicated for the fully weighted
      Type A scores. It may be that there is some specific usefulness of Type A
      responding for performance on written examinations, although no equivalent
      performance difference was found for the final clinical examination.

PMID- 3405117
TI  - Career preferences and career outcomes of Australian medical students.
AB  - Students entering three Australian medical schools were followed over a 15-year
      period to trace both movement into the profession and the longer-term outcomes of
      early career aspirations. A variety of student entry characteristics are examined
      together with aspirations, attainments and self-images. The results indicate that
      women, rather than men, are more likely to enter medical school with aspirations
      that involve specialty training. As they proceed through medical school, both
      groups move away from the idea of pursuing specialty training, although women
      tend to decide earlier than men that specialty practice is not for them. Women
      students are more likely than men to attain career goals if these involve general
      practice and less likely to if these involve specialization. The results indicate
      that although at graduation women medical practitioners have the same career
      goals and desires as men, if additional training is required women are unlikely
      to have their aspirations fulfilled.

PMID- 3405118
TI  - Hostility and the medical student: how a trait measure influences perception of
      medical specialties.
AB  - This paper describes the influence of hostility as a trait on medical students'
      perception of medicine and its specialties. By means of Repertory Grid analysis,
      the authors compare the preferences of students having internally and externally
      directed hostility. The findings suggest that students with low levels of
      internal hostility are attracted to the popular image of the surgeon as a highly
      achieving and successful individual who is oriented towards cure. In contrast,
      those with high levels of internally directed hostility show an interest in
      specialties which allow for close human contact, particularly within general
      medicine. A psychological interpretation of these findings is offered.

PMID- 3405119
TI  - Measuring attitudes of doctors: the doctor-patient (DP) rating.
AB  - An attitude scale was devised to discriminate between the extremes of doctor
      centred, disease-oriented as opposed to patient-centred, problem-oriented (the DP
      scale). Four groups of subjects (214 in all) were tested with a Likert-type
      questionnaire based on this scale. Significant differences in attitude between
      the groups were found. Educational implications are discussed.

PMID- 3405120
TI  - Anxiety level and examination performance.

PMID- 3405121
TI  - X-ray or gamma-ray leukemogenesis at Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
AB  - Because of the uncertainty in dosimetry at the Japanese cities, I have
      recalculated the probability of x-ray or gamma-ray leukemogenesis using the
      revised doses given by the Livermore group. The theory is of the two hit type.
      The first hit damages DNA repair capability of base damage. The second hit causes
      derepression of a two repressor system. Inactivation of the first repressor
      permits synthesis of the second which will repress the expression of the
      leukocyte maturation gene. In comparing the observed data, I convert data
      expressed as mortality per year to leukemia incidence. I also supply evidence of
      the lack of the importance of chromosomal aberration and consider CML, AML, and
      ALL data lumped together. Agreement between theory and observation is good.

PMID- 3405122
TI  - Electric fields determine the spatial organization of microtubules and actin
      filaments.
AB  - A theory is proposed in which electric fields determine the spatial structure of
      actin filaments and microtubules in cellular processes by interacting with the
      dipole moments of actin and tubulin to orient these molecules in the direction of
      the field, thus enhancing polymerization parallel to the field lines.
      Applications to mitosis and chemotaxis are discussed.

PMID- 3405123
TI  - Autochthonous intestinal bacteria and coprophagy: a possible contribution to the
      ontogeny and rhythmicity of slow wave sleep in mammals.
AB  - A sleep-inducing substance Factor S (FS) has been identified as a member of the
      muramyl peptide family of molecules which constitute the cell wall of bacteria.
      FS-like substances are unable to be synthesized by mammals suggesting that the
      symbiotic bacteria of the gastrointestinal tract are a prime source of FS. The
      present paper considers the relationship between the ontogenesis of Slow Wave
      Sleep (SWS) and the colonization of the intestine with strictly anaerobic
      bacteria. The practice of coprophagy in rats and rabbits is considered as an
      efficient method of FS ingestion during the sleep period.

PMID- 3405124
TI  - On morphogenesis.
AB  - The development of consistent asymmetry in the human, with respect to both
      internal and external structures, is not the result of forces internal to the
      organism, but results from the organism's response to three major external
      forces: gravity, magnetism, and the Earth's rotation.

PMID- 3405125
TI  - The quagmire of relaxation times.
AB  - NMR researchers continue to be puzzled by the quagmire of relaxation times of
      normal and malignant cells. Here a simple theory points out that the
      dissimilarities of relaxation behavior are not due to macromolecule alterations
      or phase transition in the water but to the consumption of dissolved oxygen in
      the cell associated water. The percentage of hypoxic and anoxic cells and growth
      rate of a tumor will determine the oxygen consumption in the absence of reduced
      blood flow, which is indeed a reflection of relaxation behavior.

PMID- 3405126
TI  - [Bleeding in hemostasis. Physiologic discharge in hemostasis].

PMID- 3405127
TI  - [Hiccups. A symptom and its therapy].

PMID- 3405128
TI  - Influenza prevention, 1988-1989.

PMID- 3405129
TI  - Nuclear war and medical ideology.

PMID- 3405130
TI  - Military expenditure and ischaemic heart disease mortality.

PMID- 3405132
TI  - Focal spot size measurements with pinhole and slit for microfocus mammography
      units.
AB  - Many mammography units now have microfocal spots ranging in size from 0.09 to 0.4
      mm for magnification radiography. On site measurements of these focal spots are
      not possible without invasive procedures if National Equipment Manufactures
      Association (NEMA) specifications are to be followed. This paper describes a
      method to perform such measurements expeditiously (1.5 h) and noninvasively. We
      describe how this method differs from NEMA test specifications, and report the
      test results of 22 units from ten manufacturers. Six of the focal spots were
      larger than the manufacturer's specifications which were based on current NEMA
      standards. Emphasis is placed on the need for verifiable standards for
      mammography x-ray systems.

PMID- 3405131
TI  - Scatter-glare corrections in quantitative dual-energy fluoroscopy.
AB  - Previous attempts to use time subtraction intravenous digital subtraction
      angiography for ventricular imaging have been hampered by artifacts due to
      cardiac and respiratory motion. We have previously reported a motion-immune dual
      energy technique in which kVp is switched between 60 and 120, at 300-500 mA, 30
      times/s. In order to quantitate parameters such as ejection fraction and left
      ventricular volume, it is necessary to correct for scatter and veiling glare
      (SVG), which are the major sources of nonlinearities in videodensitometric
      digital subtraction angiography (DSA). In this report, a convolution filtering
      method has been investigated to estimate SVG in DSA images. In the first step, a
      grey level transformation of the detected image is utilized to get an estimated
      SVG image. In the second step this image is convolved to produce an image with
      appropriate spatial frequency content. Estimates of SVG in several Humanoid chest
      phantom images were obtained using Gaussian convolution kernels with a full width
      at half-maximum (FWHM) of 51-125 pixels. The root-mean-square (rms) percentage
      error of these estimates was obtained by comparison with direct SVG measurement.
      A convolution kernel with a FWHM of 75 pixels in each dimension applied to 16
      Humanoid phantom images with various projections, thicknesses, and beam energies
      resulted in an average rms percentage error of 9.7% in the SVG estimate, for the
      16 cases studied. The SVG estimation consisting of grey scale-to-SVG fraction
      lookup table (LUT) is made based on previous measurements. The x-ray settings
      required for each patient are utilized to alter the LUT in order to account for
      patient thickness variations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3405133
TI  - The three parameter equivalent spectra as an index of beam quality.
AB  - A parametric spectral model based on the work of Birch and Marshall is used to
      characterize the x-ray spectra of a specific x-ray system. Using least-squares
      comparison between measured and calculated attenuation data, an equivalent
      spectrum (EQSPEC) is iteratively found which very closely matches the measured
      attenuation characteristics of the x-ray system. The resulting parametric
      spectrum is a function of the anode angle (theta), equivalent kilovoltage (kVeq),
      and the equivalent aluminum filtration (Aleq), and these three parameters can
      serve as very concise yet very accurate indices of beam quality. The utility of
      the EQSPEC for characterization and reporting of x-ray spectra (and thus beam
      quality) may have numerous applications in diagnostic imaging procedures where
      spectral quality is an important consideration.

PMID- 3405134
TI  - Image feature analysis and computer-aided diagnosis in digital radiography:
      detection and characterization of interstitial lung disease in digital chest
      radiographs.
AB  - We are developing an automated method for determining physical measures of lung
      textures in digital chest radiographs in order to detect and characterize
      interstitial lung disease. With this method, the underlying background density
      variations caused by the gross lung and chest wall anatomy are corrected for in
      order to isolate the fluctuating patterns of the underlying lung texture for
      subsequent computer analysis. The power spectrum of lung texture, which is
      obtained from the two-dimensional Fourier transform, is filtered by the visual
      system response of the human observer. The magnitude and coarseness (or fineness)
      of the lung textures are then quantified by the root-mean-square (rms) variation
      and the first moment of the power spectrum, respectively. Preliminary results
      indicate that the rms variations and/or the first moments of the texture of
      abnormal lungs with various interstitial diseases are clearly different from
      those of normal lungs. Our results suggest strongly that quantitative texture
      measures calculated from digital chest images may be useful to radiologists in
      their assessment of interstitial disease.

PMID- 3405135
TI  - A mathematical child phantom for the calculation of dose to the organs at risk.
AB  - In order to calculate the doses received by the organs of 530 children treated by
      radiation for cancer between 1945 and 1969 at the G. Roussy Institute, we have
      developed a computer program for organ location calculation. To calculate the
      location of each child's organs of interest at the time of the treatment, only
      two parameters are necessary; sex and height or sex and age when the height at
      the time of the treatment is unknown. The algorithm is based on the metric
      studies of growth known as auxology. Each organ is located by one point
      representing its center. The model has been checked on 100 healthy children.

PMID- 3405136
TI  - Component evaluation of event size spectra for a clinical 14-MeV neutron beam.
AB  - Microdosimetric investigations were performed in a solid TE phantom at the DT
      neutron generator at Hamburg-Eppendorf. Event size spectra were measured at
      different depths on the axis of a 10 X 10 cm2 field and at different lateral
      positions at a constant depth. Additionally, the microdosimetric spectrum of a
      60Co source was determined. From radiobiological measurements the relative
      biological effectiveness (RBE) of crypt stem cells of mice was estimated as a
      function of lineal energy. The measured microdosimetric spectra are folded with
      this RBE function so that RBE values at different positions in the phantom were
      obtained. The predicted change of the RBE inside and outside the useful beam of a
      10 X 10 cm2 field is shown. Contributions to the RBE dose from the various
      charged particle components are analyzed separately.

PMID- 3405137
TI  - An improved electron multiple-scattering distribution for Monte Carlo transport
      simulation.
AB  - An improved electron multiple-scattering distribution is presented in the form of
      a composite function which combines three expressions valid over different
      scattering angle regions: a modified relativistic Mott single-scattering term for
      large angle scattering, a modified Moliere Gaussian term for small angle
      scattering, and an exponential term for the intermediate angle scattering region.
      The exponential term has two adjustable parameters which make possible the smooth
      transition from the large to the small scattering angle regions. The proposed
      distribution exhibits better agreement with experiment than other multiple
      scattering distributions commonly used in Monte Carlo electron transport codes,
      is amenable to direct sampling over a continuous range of electron energies and
      step sizes, can be used for elements of any atomic number, and is particularly
      suitable for use on small memory computers.

PMID- 3405138
TI  - Dose distributions in regions containing beta sources: large spherical source
      regions in a homogeneous medium.
AB  - The energy averaged Boltzmann equation model is applied to the determination of
      dose distributions in infinite, homogeneous media with uniform, monoenergetic,
      isotropic source distributions in spherical regions of radius larger than the
      electron range. The generalization to the case of spherically symmetric source
      distributions is made. Comparisons with dose distributions calculated by the
      integration of dose point kernels derived from Monte Carlo calculations are
      presented.

PMID- 3405139
TI  - A model of heat production and transport in a water calorimeter.
AB  - The heat diffusion equation for a water calorimeter under isothermal and
      adiabatic boundary conditions has been solved analytically for a general source
      function. Based upon this model an interactive computer program has been
      developed and employed to predict the temporal variation of the temperature
      distribution in a water calorimeter irradiated with 250 kV, 4-, 6-, and 25-MV x
      rays and 7-, 13-, and 32-MeV electrons. The model requires central-axis depth
      dose curves as inputs and allows for any number of alternate heating and cooling
      periods. It is found that the shape of the cooling curve following an irradiation
      period depends upon the location of the point of measurement, the choice of
      boundary conditions, and the thermal history of the calorimeter.

PMID- 3405140
TI  - The generalized geometry of eye plaque therapy.
AB  - A calculation is described that enables the rapid assessment of dose rate at
      various points of interest within the eye (lens, optic nerve, etc.) for the
      treatment of choroidal melanoma by plaque therapy. 125I seeds are used as the
      radiation source. The location of the plaque and its associated seeds relative to
      the eye (in a Cartesian coordinate system) is determined from the description of
      the tumor, as drawn and dimensioned on a fundus-view diagram by the
      ophthalmologist. This requires a computer to numerically solve an equation, which
      is derived in the framework of spherical geometry. Further results of this
      calculation yield data files that serve as the input to a conventional
      brachytherapy treatment planning program. This enables the visualization of the
      dose distribution within a plane that contains the major axis of the tumor in
      order to assess the adequacy of the treated volume.

PMID- 3405141
TI  - The energy response of agar-alanine phantom dosimeter to gamma radiation.
AB  - Calculations of the energy response of an electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR)
      signal induced by gamma radiation in an agar-alanine phantom dosimeter are
      presented. Theoretically calculated slopes of the EPR signal calibration lines
      are comparable with those obtained experimentally for low-(50 kVp), medium-(662
      keV), and high-(15 MVp) energy photons. The sensitivity of the phantom dosimeter
      (EPR signal amplitude/Gray) varies less than 2% within the 150- to 20-MeV energy
      range. For energies above 150 keV, the influence of variations in the size of
      alanine crystals is negligible.

PMID- 3405142
TI  - Investigation of basic imaging properties in digital radiography. 12. Effect of
      matrix configuration on spatial resolution.
AB  - We investigated the effects of three matrix configurations (a conventional 512 X
      512 matrix, a double-sampling matrix, and a high-resolution 1024 X 1024 matrix)
      on the resolution properties of an image intensifier (II)-TV digital radiographic
      imaging system. Expressions for the optical transfer function were derived
      theoretically for each of the three matrix configurations, and the corresponding
      digital modulation transfer functions (MTF's) were calculated using the measured
      MTF's of the presampling analog components and the parameters of the digital
      system. In addition, digital images of a star pattern phantom and a hand phantom
      were obtained with the II-TV system for each matrix type. From our results, we
      conclude that, in order to increase the resolution of an II-TV digital imaging
      system, it is necessary not only to increase the matrix size, but also to improve
      the resolution capabilities of analog components such as the II and/or TV camera.
      In addition, if the system cannot be upgraded to a 1024 X 1024 matrix
      configuration, a double-sampling technique with an 512 X 512 matrix may be
      employed.

PMID- 3405144
TI  - Backscatter measurements from a single seed of 125I for ophthalmic plaque
      dosimetry.
AB  - To determine the dosimetric effect of a gold plaque applicator used in 125I
      ophthalmic irradiation, relative dose rates at points 2-18 mm transverse to the
      axis of a single seed of 125I were measured in an acrylic phantom under three
      different measurement conditions. The detectors were 1-mm diameter X 3-mm length
      LiF thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD's). Conditions corresponded to the
      following: (i) full scatter, (ii) the presence of an ophthalmic gold plaque, and
      (iii) no scatter material on the side of the seed opposite to the TLD's. The dose
      rate with the gold plaque is less than that with full scatter phantom. There is
      no significant decrease in dose rate at 2.2 mm from the seed. Dose rate is
      significantly reduced at greater distances. The does rate decrease ranges from 4%
      at 5 mm to 10% at 18 mm. The 125I seed in the gold plaque gives 3%-5% higher dose
      rate than in the absence of backscatter material.

PMID- 3405143
TI  - Reference dose rates for single- and double-plane 192Ir implants.
AB  - The proper selection of the reference dose rate is critical in the irradiation of
      a tumor or tumor bed using interstitial implant. The selected reference dose rate
      should result in the delivery of highly homogeneous dose throughout the target
      volume, adequately cover the target volume, and minimize irradiation of the
      surrounding normal tissues. In this paper, the influence of the reference dose
      rate on the adequacy of the irradiation of idealized target volumes using single-
      and double-plane 192Ir implants was studied in terms of three volumetric
      irradiation indices. The results show that maximum relative dose homogeneity can
      be attained if the proper reference dose rate is chosen. This isodose rate
      contour exhibits a width larger than the thickness of the target volume in the
      central plane. The lowest dose rate within the idealized target volume is not
      recommended as the reference dose rate to avoid a large volume of the surrounding
      tissues from receiving dose rates equal to or greater than this dose rate, and
      also the inhomogeneous irradiation of the target volume.

PMID- 3405146
TI  - An analytical equation of electron beams percentage depth ionization curve along
      the central axis.
AB  - An analytical equation is proposed in this article. This equation contains four
      parameters. One of them is the depth of maximum ionization (dm) which can be
      determined from experiments. The other three parameters can be calculated from
      the measured percentage depth ionization curve. The values calculated with this
      equation fit very well with measured data in the buildup region with a difference
      of 2% or less, and in the falloff region with an error of 2 mm or less in terms
      of depth. The electron beam energy ranged from 6 to 20 MeV from a Therac 20
      Saturne Linear Accelerator. This equation can not be applied beyond the practical
      range Rp.

PMID- 3405145
TI  - Medical pattern recognition pitfalls in a clinical setting: renal cell carcinoma
      survival prediction.
AB  - Three studies to predict renal cell carcinoma patient survival from tumor
      textures found in digitized early venous phase arteriograms were successful
      individually. However, when the three methods were compared, they were not
      consistent and no single method was clinically useful. The first study predicted
      5 yr survival of 37 patients with 87% accuracy. The second study added 29
      patients to the data base; the poor survival of the 21 patients who died within 5
      yr of diagnosis was predicted with 80.9% accuracy. When 27 of these cases were
      redigitized with a laser scanner, average survival prediction accuracy was 78%.
      In these studies, digitization hardware, radiographic technique, normalization
      methods, window selection, and contrast medium distribution all contributed to
      differences in the statistics separating poor from good patient survival.

PMID- 3405147
TI  - Gypsum mixtures for compensator construction.
AB  - The characteristics and properties of a new material used for the fabrication of
      compensators are presented. This material is a special, refined gypsum. It
      requires a factor of 3 less water to prepare than ordinary gypsums and as a
      result the attenuation properties are stable over time. The material may be used
      by itself or mixed with fine metal particles to increase the attenuation per unit
      thickness. Gypsum, gypsum + steel, and gypsum + iron were investigated. The
      results of attenuation measurements in narrow- and broad-beam geometries
      appropriate to design of clinical dose modifying compensators are presented.
      Practical and technical details associated with the use of these materials are
      given. These compounds are found to be easy to use, versatile, reliable,
      environmentally safe, and inexpensive. In addition, an example of their use for
      dose compensation is given.

PMID- 3405148
TI  - Testing the count rate performance of the scintillation camera by exponential
      attenuation: decaying source; multiple filters.
AB  - An algorithm and two FORTRAN programs have been developed to evaluate the count
      rate performance of scintillation cameras from count rates reduced exponentially,
      either by a decaying source or by filtration. The first method is used with short
      lived radionuclides such as 191mIr or 191mAu. The second implements a National
      Electrical Manufacturers' Association (NEMA) protocol in which the count rate
      from a source of 191mTc is attenuated by a varying number of copper filters
      stacked over it. The count rate at each data point is corrected for deadtime loss
      after assigning an arbitrary deadtime (tau). A second-order polynomial equation
      is fitted to the logarithms of net count rate values: ln(R) = A + BT + CT2 where
      R is the net corrected count rate (cps), and T is the elapsed time (or the filter
      thickness in the NEMA method). Depending on C, tau is incremented or decremented
      iteratively, and the count rate corrections and curve fittings are repeated until
      C approaches zero, indicating a correct value of the deadtime (tau). The program
      then plots the measured count rate versus the corrected count rate values.

PMID- 3405149
TI  - Comments on "dosimetric aspects of a rotating beam splitter used in tangential
      field breast treatment".

PMID- 3405150
TI  - [Pathologic anatomy of osteogenesis imperfecta. Light and electron microscopy of
      the skeletal system].

PMID- 3405151
TI  - [Familial polyglobulism--a rare differential diagnosis of polycythemia vera].

PMID- 3405152
TI  - [Evaluating the knowledge of lay helpers following a single completed course in
      cardiopulmonary resuscitation].

PMID- 3405154
TI  - [Is cardiovascular resuscitation by first aid (lay) helpers sensible?].

PMID- 3405153
TI  - [Addison disease with neurologic salience: an adrenomyeloneuropathic variant of
      adrenoleukodystrophy in a young male].

PMID- 3405155
TI  - [Confetti-like dyschromia caused by a bleaching cream containing hydroquinone in
      racially pigmented patients].

PMID- 3405156
TI  - [Nephrotic syndrome following Hodgkin's disease].

PMID- 3405157
TI  - [Late neurologic complications of clavicular fractures].

PMID- 3405159
TI  - The omnipresence of AIDS.

PMID- 3405158
TI  - [Clostridium infection of both groins--an unusual complication following arterial
      puncture].

PMID- 3405160
TI  - Spreading the word about AIDS care and prevention. Interview by R.L. Reece.

PMID- 3405161
TI  - Embracing life in the face of AIDS. Interview by R.L. Reece.

PMID- 3405162
TI  - Human frailty confronts high priests, wizards, and doctors.

PMID- 3405163
TI  - A child of the universe.

PMID- 3405164
TI  - Comprehensive case managers. Pulling it all together.

PMID- 3405165
TI  - The prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and self
      perception of risk for HIV infection among heterosexuals at a Minnesota
      counseling and testing site.

PMID- 3405167
TI  - Human immunodeficiency virus infections in children. Perspectives for Minnesota.

PMID- 3405166
TI  - The Minnesota AIDS physician survey. A statewide survey of physician knowledge
      and clinical practice regarding AIDS.

PMID- 3405168
TI  - Alternative therapies for AIDS. A physician's guide.

PMID- 3405169
TI  - Human immunodeficiency virus in Minnesota. 1988 statewide HIV risk-reduction and
      disease-prevention plan.

PMID- 3405170
TI  - AIDS and emergency medical services.

PMID- 3405171
TI  - AIDS and the law. Confidentiality and duty to inform.

PMID- 3405172
TI  - Meeting the AIDS challenge.

PMID- 3405174
TI  - A true believer. Interview by Richard L. Reece.

PMID- 3405173
TI  - A prismatic leader. Interview by Richard L. Reece.

PMID- 3405175
TI  - Health care in Japan.

PMID- 3405176
TI  - AIDS education in rural Minnesota.

PMID- 3405177
TI  - Limiting freedom of choice.

PMID- 3405178
TI  - Prenatal care.

PMID- 3405179
TI  - Crisis in nursing: why some leave, why they should stay.

PMID- 3405180
TI  - Consumer use of and satisfaction with health services under different health
      insurance plans in the Minneapolis/St. Paul metropolitan area.

PMID- 3405181
TI  - A comparison of birth outcomes by payment source.

PMID- 3405182
TI  - Collective physician action. The climate of opinion in Minnesota.

PMID- 3405184
TI  - Treating AIDS patients.

PMID- 3405183
TI  - An affirmation of opportunity.

PMID- 3405185
TI  - More children with AIDS.

PMID- 3405186
TI  - Managing employment decisions to minimize liability.

PMID- 3405187
TI  - The perspective of John Talbott.

PMID- 3405188
TI  - Registered care technologists: the ANA response.

PMID- 3405189
TI  - The latest outrage.

PMID- 3405190
TI  - Not by the books.

PMID- 3405191
TI  - Emergency baptism by nurses in an NICU: answering a spiritual need.

PMID- 3405192
TI  - Registered care technologists: the AMA proposal.

PMID- 3405193
TI  - [Changes in the chest on CT examinations after endoscopic intravascular
      sclerotherapy of the esophageal varices].
AB  - Between June 1985 and December 1986, 24 endoscopic intravascular sclerotherapies
      (5% ethanolamine oleate) were carried out in 17 patients. CT examinations were
      performed prior to and within 48 hours after all procedures. 1. Esophageal wall
      thickening was demonstrated by CT scanning within 48 hours after all 24
      procedures. Mean diameter of the esophagus before sclerotherapy was 27mm, and
      after operation, 49mm. Changes of esophageal wall were: 1) 8 cases of the
      homogeneous wall thicking (33%), 2) 4 localized low density lesions in the wall
      (17%), and 3) 12 low density lesions of extraesophageal wall in the mediastinum
      (5%). Chest pain, high fever and esophageal mucosal ulcerlation were seen in
      patients who had low density lesions of extra-esophageal wall. 2. Pleural
      effusion occurred after 20 of the 24 procedures (84%). Various pulmonary changes
      were recognized: Ten cases of atelectasis (42%), 16 dilatations of peripheral
      pulmonary vessels (66%), and 5 small nodular or irregular shadow (21%). Changes
      in the mediastinum and pleural space were ascribed to spreading of inflammation
      from the esophagus, but the changes in the lung field, especially dilatation of
      peripheral vessels, suggested the penetration of the sclerosant into the lung
      periphery on the blood stream of pulmonary vessels. 3. CT showed changes of the
      mediastinum after all 24 procedures (100%), but X-ray examination revealed
      dilatation of the mediastinum only after 2 procedures (8%). Changes in the
      pleural space and in the lung field on CT were recognized after 20 procedures
      (92%), but only after 12 procedures (50%) by X-ray examination. In particular, X
      ray examination failed to show shadows on the lung field.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3405194
TI  - [A study of DNA ploidy patterns of gastric cancers].
AB  - The nuclear DNA fluorescence of gastric cancer cells which were obtained from
      endoscopic biopsies and paraffin block specimen was measured. Histograms in 142
      cases could be roughly classified into four types: Type Ia, means diploid pattern
      without polyploid cells, type Ib, diploid pattern with polyploid cells, type II,
      heteroploid pattern and type III, mosaic pattern. Although these DNA patterns
      showed no correlation with histological types, type Ia was frequently found in
      early-stage cancer and type III in advanced-stage cancer. In cases without
      vascular invasion and in each metastasis, type Ia were significantly numerous.
      With regard to prognosis, the survival rate was becoming poorer in order of Ia
      less than Ib less than II less than III. In 41 cases out of 45 advanced-stage
      cancers, DNA patterns of superficial and deep portion of gastric cancer were
      found the same. In 5 cases, DNA patterns of cancer cells in metastatic lymph
      nodes were coincident with DNA patterns in gastric cancers. These results
      suggested that the measurement of nuclear DNA pattern may provides a biological
      activity of gastric cancer cells and preoperative examination of endoscopic
      biopsy specimens from this aspect is also clinically important.

PMID- 3405195
TI  - [Changes in plasma, erythrocytes and tissue polyamine levels in patients with
      colorectal cancer].
AB  - Polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, spermine) are closely linked to cellular
      synthesis of DNA, RNA and protein, and are thought to be an indicator of cell
      proliferation. Plasma, erythrocytes and tissue polyamine levels in 58 patients
      with colorectal cancer were measured to survey the relationship between
      polyamines and stage classification. The polyamine levels of plasma, erythrocytes
      and tissue in patients were increased significantly compared with those of
      controls. Plasma spermine and erythrocytes spermidine and spermine levels were
      increased with the advance of stage. In plasma and erythrocytes,
      spermidine/spermine ratios were decreased in accordance with the stages. On the
      contrary, the polyamine levels and the ratio in cancer tissue were not varied in
      all stages. These results present the following conclusions. Although cancer
      tissue has higher proliferative activity than normal mucosa, these activities of
      main tumors in each stage are not fluctuated. The polyamine levels in plasma and
      erythrocytes are possibly influenced by tumor burden and therefore those could be
      an useful marker for indicating the stage of colorectal cancer.

PMID- 3405196
TI  - [Malignancy grading in breast cancer as assessed by nuclear DNA content].
AB  - The relationship between nuclear DNA content measured by cytofluorometry and the
      prognostic factors, especially the histological lymph node metastasis was
      investigated in patients with breast cancer. Nuclear DNA content was measured in
      82 cases to evaluate its clinical significance concerning the malignancy grading.
      Histograms of DNA content were classified into two basic ploidy patterns based on
      presence or absence of a prominent peak at the 2c (diploid) region. D type
      (diploid type) which had a prominent peak at the 2c region resembled the
      histogram pattern of normal cells more closely than N type (non-diploid type).
      The rate of lymph node metastasis of N type (57.4%) was significantly higher than
      that of D type (28.6%) (p less than 0.05). The rate of lymph node metastasis of N
      type was higher than D type regardless of the tumor size or histological types.
      The five year cumulative survival rate of D type (91.7%) was significantly higher
      than that of N type (68.2%) (p less than 0.05). Despite the lymph node
      metastasis, the survival rate of D type was higher than that of N type. From a
      view point of the relationship between nuclear DNA content and lymph node
      metastasis, breast cancers of D type might be much safer indications for modified
      radical mastectomy. From this study, it was suggested that the measurement of
      nuclear DNA content of the breast cancer would bring the important informations
      about the malignancy grading and decision of the operative procedure.

PMID- 3405197
TI  - [The effects of the internal mammary artery-coronary artery bypass surgery: with
      special reference to improvement of the regional wall motion of the left
      ventricle].
AB  - The internal mammary artery (IMA) has been used extensively for coronary artery
      bypass grafting because of its excellent long-term patency recently. However, the
      flow capacity of the IMA has been discussed and previous studies showed that the
      IMA should be used in the grafting of small coronary arteries or those with
      limited run-off. In this paper, we studied the ejection fraction and regional
      wall motion of the left ventricle in 19 patients undergoing coronary
      revascularization with the IMA and the normal group without ischemic heart
      disease. Preoperative analysis of these data showed the values were below the
      those of normal group. After surgery, left ventricular ejection fraction and
      regional wall motion improved and there were no difference between two groups.
      Although the graft flow through the IMA has been discussed since Green's pioneer
      work, our observations suggest that the IMA flow meets the myocardial demand
      adequately in the postoperative period.

PMID- 3405198
TI  - [A rare case of successful surgical treatment of dissecting aortic aneurysm
      (DeBakey IIIb) associated with total obstruction of the abdominal aorta and acute
      complicated renal failure].
AB  - A rare case of successful surgical management of dissecting aortic aneurysm
      (DeBakey IIIb) is presented. A fifty-year-old male was admitted to our hospital
      with a complaint of severe backache and both leg pain. A diagnosis of acute renal
      failure and assessed total obstruction of the abdominal aorta was made
      angiographically. Immediate hemodialysis was carried out. After 50 days, a right
      subclaviafemoral bypass was performed. However, on the 60th postoperative day,
      plasma creatinine and BUN levels were significantly elevated. A left renal
      revascularization was performed using saphenous vein graft from the right common
      iliac artery. The postoperative course was excellent and the creatinine and BUN
      levels were immediately reduced. And there was no need of hemodialysis
      postoperatively. Because of difficult management of this kind of complication,
      extra-anatomic bypass is preferable, instead of total replacement of the
      dissecting aortic aneurysm. And weaning from such a long term hemodialysis by
      revascularization of one-kidney is very rare.

PMID- 3405199
TI  - [Percutaneous adjustable pulmonary artery band].

PMID- 3405200
TI  - [Experimental study of the assessment of left ventricular function during
      cardiopulmonary bypass utilizing pressure-dimension relationships].

PMID- 3405201
TI  - [Studies of polyamine fractions in rats bearing ENNG-induced carcinoma--special
      reference to the relationship between immunostimulants and antineoplastic
      activity].

PMID- 3405202
TI  - Multiple interactions between nuclear proteins of Zea mays and the promoter of
      the Shrunken gene.
AB  - Nuclear proteins were extracted from isolated nuclei of immature maize kernels.
      The promoter region (1.5 kb) of the Shrunken gene, which is highly transcribed in
      the developing endosperm of the kernel, was scanned for protein-DNA interactions.
      Several promoter fragments showed protein-DNA complex formation in gel
      retardation experiments. Two different nucleo-protein complexes (MNP1 and MNP2)
      have been distinguished in competition and DNase I footprinting experiments. Both
      nuclear DNA-binding activities are able to recognize multiple sites distributed
      over a 1.5 kb upstream region of the Shrunken gene. Some of the binding sites
      established in the in vitro reconstitution experiments are located near to DNase
      I hypersensitive sites found in the promoter of the Shrunken gene (Frommer and
      Starlinger 1988).

PMID- 3405203
TI  - Evolutionary dynamics of tryptophan tRNAs in Mycoplasma capricolum.
AB  - Mycoplasma capricolum uses two tryptophan codons, the "universal" nonsense codon
      UGA and the universal codon UGG. The bacterium contains two tryptophan tRNAs, one
      with anticodon UCA, (U: 2'-O-methyl U derivative), and the other with CCA (5'-C:
      partially 2'-O-methylated). tRNAUCA would translate codons UGA and probably UGG
      by wobbling. tRNACCA is much less charged by tryptophan in the cells than
      tRNAUCA, and the intracellular amount of tRNACCA is 5-10 times lower than that of
      tRNAUCA. The genes for these two tRNAs are separated by a terminator-like
      structure in a single operon. In vitro transcription experiments suggest that the
      predominance of tRNAUCA over tRNACCA results from the attenuation of
      transcription by this terminator-like structure.

PMID- 3405204
TI  - Plasmid transduction in Streptococcus thermophilus.
AB  - Streptococcus thermophilus is a common dairy starter for which very few genetic
      exchange systems have been described. Here we report plasmid transduction by phi
      17 alpha and phi 56 alpha, two virulent phages of industrial yogurt starter
      strains. Several replicons could be transduced, independently of their size, with
      efficiencies which are high enough to allow gene transfer from a transformable
      intermediary strain of S. thermophilus to other hosts of the bacteriophages
      studied.

PMID- 3405206
TI  - Cell-cycle-specific and serum-dependent expression of gamma-actin mRNA in Swiss
      mouse 3T3 cells.
AB  - We isolated cDNA clones that represent genes whose expression is enhanced when
      resting Swiss mouse 3T3 cells are stimulated to proliferate with serum. Two
      clones (designated pME1 and pMR6) were analyzed further. A partial sequence
      analysis of the pME1 insert DNA indicated that it contained a 104-base-pair
      stretch with extensive homology to the 3' untranslated region of gamma actin.
      Similar analysis of the insert DNA from the pMR6 clone indicated that it did not
      correspond to any previously reported gene sequence. We used the pME1 clone as a
      probe to determine the level of gamma actin-specific transcript in 3T3 cells
      under a variety of conditions. The level of gamma actin-specific mRNA began to
      increase in resting cells upon serum stimulation and reached a peak at 6 h.
      Thereafter its level declined, and by 24 h it was hardly detectable. In contrast,
      pMR6-specific transcript was detectable in resting cells but remained elevated
      even at 24 h poststimulation. The level of gamma-actin mRNA was elevated in
      resting cells by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, calcium ionophore A23187,
      and bombesin and to a lesser extent by cholera toxin, fibroblast-derived growth
      factor, and dibutyryl cyclic AMP. However, insulin, vasopressin, or epidermal
      growth factor failed to enhance gamma-actin mRNA levels in resting cells.
      Inhibitors of transcription diminished the induction of gamma-actin mRNA. Gamma
      actin gene was superinduced in serum-stimulated cells by cycloheximide, an
      inhibitor of translation. Analysis of proteins from serum-stimulated cells by two
      dimensional gel electrophoresis indicated that enhanced transcription of gamma
      actin mRNA resulted in a concomitant increase in the corresponding actin protein.
      The possible role of gamma actin, a component of the cytoskeleton, in the
      regulation of cell growth is discussed.

PMID- 3405205
TI  - Transcriptional regulation of coordinate changes in flagellar mRNAs during
      differentiation of Naegleria gruberi amebae into flagellates.
AB  - The nuclear run-on technique was used to measure the rate of transcription of
      flagellar genes during the differentiation of Naegleria gruberi amebae into
      flagellates. Synthesis of mRNAs for the axonemal proteins alpha- and beta-tubulin
      and flagellar calmodulin, as well as a coordinately regulated poly(A)+ RNA that
      codes for an unidentified protein, showed transient increases averaging 22-fold.
      The rate of synthesis of two poly(A)+ RNAs common to amebae and flagellates was
      low until the transcription of the flagellar genes began to decline, at which
      time synthesis of the RNAs found in amebae increased 3- to 10-fold. The observed
      changes in the rate of transcription can account quantitatively for the 20-fold
      increase in flagellar mRNA concentration during the differentiation. The data for
      the flagellar calmodulin gene demonstrate transcriptional regulation for a
      nontubulin axonemal protein. The data also demonstrate at least two programs of
      transcriptional regulation during the differentiation and raise the intriguing
      possibility that some significant fraction of the nearly 200 different proteins
      of the flagellar axoneme is transcriptionally regulated during the 1 h it takes
      N. gruberi amebae to form visible flagella.

PMID- 3405207
TI  - Tumor necrosis factor inhibits human myogenesis in vitro.
AB  - We examined the effects of human recombinant tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) on
      human primary myoblasts. When added to proliferating myoblasts, TNF inhibited the
      expression of alpha-cardiac actin, a muscle-specific gene whose expression is
      observed at low levels in human myoblasts. TNF also inhibited muscle
      differentiation as measured by several parameters, including cell fusion and the
      expression of other muscle-specific genes, such as alpha-skeletal actin and
      myosin heavy chain. Muscle cells were sensitive to TNF in a narrow temporal
      window of differentiation. Northern (RNA) blot and immunofluorescence analyses
      revealed that human muscle gene expression became unresponsive to TNF coincident
      with myoblast differentiation. When TNF was added to differentiated myotubes,
      there was no effect on muscle gene expression. In contrast, TNF-inducible mRNAs
      such as interferon beta-2 still responded, suggesting that the signal mediated by
      TNF binding to its receptor had no effect on muscle-specific genes after
      differentiation.

PMID- 3405208
TI  - Group II intron domain 5 facilitates a trans-splicing reaction.
AB  - A self-splicing group II intron of yeast mitochondrial DNA (aI5g) was divided
      within intron domain 4 to yield two RNAs that trans-spliced in vitro with
      associated trans-branching of excised intron fragments. Reformation of the domain
      4 secondary structure was not necessary for the trans reaction, since domain 4
      sequences were shown to be dispensable. Instead, the trans reaction depended on a
      previously unpredicted interaction between intron domain 5, the most highly
      conserved region of group II introns, and another region of the RNA. Domain 5 was
      shown to be essential for cleavage at the 5' splice site. It stimulated that
      cleavage when supplied as a trans-acting RNA containing only 42 nucleotides of
      intron sequence. The relevance of our findings to in vivo trans-splicing
      mechanisms is discussed.

PMID- 3405209
TI  - Putative genes of a variant-specific antigen gene transcription unit in
      Trypanosoma brucei.
AB  - In a 7-kilobase (kb) sequence upstream from the 5' barren region, the Trypanosoma
      brucei AnTat 1.3A expression site carries two putative genes, named ESAG 2 and
      ESAG 3 for expression site-associated genes, as well as a copy of ESAG 1 (D.F.
      Cully, H.S. Ip, and G.A.M. Cross, Cell 42:173-182, 1985). At least 3 kb of this
      expression site exhibits a high degree of homology with the silent telomere
      carrying the AnTat 1.3A basic copy, whose ESAG 1 is interrupted by stop codons.
      Like the antigen gene, the region containing the ESAGs is transcribed only in the
      bloodstream forms, although transcription of 5' barren- and ESAG 2-related
      sequences also occurs in cultured procyclics. Analysis of steady-state and
      nascent transcripts suggests a continuous transcription of the whole expression
      site by an RNA polymerase resistant to alpha-amanitin, possibly initiating at a
      polymerase I-like promoter located about 17 kb upstream from the antigen gene.
      This polymerase seems prone to becoming inactivated upon incubation of the
      trypanosomes at low temperature. The putative protein encoded by ESAG 3 may carry
      a hydrophobic signal peptide, suggesting interaction with a membrane.

PMID- 3405211
TI  - Processing and secretion of nerve growth factor: expression in mammalian cells
      with a vaccinia virus vector.
AB  - To study posttranslational mechanisms for the control of nerve growth factor
      (NGF), we used a recombinant vaccinia virus vector to independently express the
      two major NGF transcripts in a variety of mammalian cell lines. The two major
      transcripts contain NGF (12.5 kilodaltons [kDa]) at the C-terminus and differ by
      alternative splicing of an N-terminal exon, so that the large precursor (34 kDa)
      had 67 amino acids upstream of an internal signal peptide and the smaller
      precursor (27 kDa) had this signal peptide at its N-terminus. In L929 cells,
      expression of either NGF transcript with the vaccinia virus vector gave rise to
      an apparently identical intracellular 35-kDa glycosylated precursor formed by
      cleavage of the primary gene product after the signal peptide. These cells also
      secreted biologically active NGF. To determine whether NGF processing is
      restricted by cell type, we infected a variety of mammalian cell lines with both
      recombinant viruses; all accumulated the same 35-kDa precursor and secreted NGF.
      Thus, many types of cells have the machinery to process and secrete NGF. However,
      NGF accumulated intracellularly (presumably in secretory granules) in cells with
      a regulated pathway of secretion (e.g., AtT-20 and HIT cells). In these cells, a
      membrane-permeable cyclic AMP analog, 8-bromo-cyclic AMP, stimulated NGF
      secretion. This suggests a mechanism for the regulation of NGF levels in which
      specific secretagogues, e.g., neurotransmitters, control NGF secretion.

PMID- 3405210
TI  - Cloning and expression of two human genes encoding calcium-binding proteins that
      are regulated during myeloid differentiation.
AB  - The cellular mechanisms involved in chronic inflammatory processes are poorly
      understood. This is especially true for the role of macrophages, which figure
      prominently in the inflammatory response. Two proteins, MRP8 and MRP14, which are
      expressed in infiltrate macrophages during inflammatory reactions but not in
      normal tissue macrophages, have been characterized. Here we report that MRP8 and
      MRP14 mRNAs are specifically expressed in human cells of myeloid origin and that
      their expression is regulated during monocyte-macrophage and granulocyte
      differentiation. To initiate the analysis of cis-acting elements governing the
      tissue-specific expression of the MRP genes, we cloned the human genes encoding
      MRP8 and MRP14. Both genes contain three exons, are single copy, and have a
      strikingly similar organization. They belong to a novel subfamily of highly
      homologous calcium-binding proteins which includes S100 alpha, S100 beta,
      intestinal calcium-binding protein, P11, and calcyclin (2A9). A transient
      expression assay was devised to investigate the tissue-specific regulatory
      elements responsible for MRP gene expression after differentiation in leukemia
      HL60 cells. The results of this investigation demonstrated that the cis-acting
      elements responsible for MRP expression are present on the cloned DNA fragment
      containing the MRP gene loci.

PMID- 3405212
TI  - Analysis of signals controlling expression of the Chinese hamster ovary aprt
      gene.
AB  - The 5' end of the Chinese hamster ovary aprt gene was sequenced and transcription
      start sites were determined by both S1 nuclease protection and primer extension
      assays. Deletion mutants covering the same area were constructed, and adenine
      phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) or chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT)
      activity was measured by transient-expression assays. The aprt gene uses a single
      cluster of transcription start sites and lacks consensus sequences such as TATA
      and CCAAT, which are general components of eucaryotic promoters. The 5' deletion
      mutations of the promoter sequences demonstrated that (i) there is no decrease in
      either APRT activity or transcription extending to position -89 (relative to the
      main transcription start site); (ii) an additional 29-base-pair (bp) deletion
      decreases APRT activity and transcription twofold; and (iii) a deletion past the
      transcription start sites (P5' delta +27) abolishes both APRT activity and
      transcription, indicating that a 60-bp fragment immediately upstream of the main
      transcription start site is involved in basic transcription and a 29-bp fragment
      just upstream of the 60 bp-fragment stimulates transcription twofold. The 3'
      deletion mutations showed that a deletion of a 61-bp fragment in the 5' leader
      and coding sequence abolishes the efficient translation of an aprt-CAT gene
      transcript. In addition, there are two polyadenylation signals at the genomic 3'
      end, with the proximal one being sufficient for functional polyadenylation.

PMID- 3405213
TI  - Upstream regulatory region for inducible expression of the chicken skeletal
      myosin alkali light-chain gene.
AB  - The expression of the fast type of myosin alkali light chain 1 is induced during
      the differentiation of muscle cells. To study the mechanism of its gene
      regulation, we joined the sequence of the 5'-flanking and upstream region of the
      chicken myosin alkali light-chain gene to the structural gene for chloramphenicol
      acetyltransferase (CAT). The fusion gene was introduced either into quail
      myoblasts transformed by a temperature-sensitive mutant of Rous sarcoma virus
      (tsNY68) or into chicken myoblasts, and the transiently expressed CAT activity
      was assayed after the differentiation of the myoblasts. From the experiments with
      the external and internal deletion mutants of the fusion gene, the cis-acting
      regulatory region responsible for the enhanced expression of the CAT activity in
      response to the cell differentiation was found to be localized at 2 kilobases
      upstream of the transcription initiation site. This region of 160 nucleotides
      contained two pairs of short sequences worthy of note, a direct repeat of 12
      nucleotides, and an inverted repeat of 8 nucleotides. The nucleotide sequences of
      the 5'-flanking sequence up to nucleotide -3381 were determined and compared with
      those of the upstream activating elements of actin genes.

PMID- 3405214
TI  - trans splicing in Leishmania enriettii and identification of ribonucleoprotein
      complexes containing the spliced leader and U2 equivalent RNAs.
AB  - The 5' ends of Leishmania mRNAs contain an identical 35-nucleotide sequence
      termed the spliced leader (SL) or 5' mini-exon. The SL sequence is at the 5' end
      of an 85-nucleotide primary transcript that contains a consensus eucaryotic 5'
      intron-exon splice junction immediately 3' to the SL. The SL is added to protein
      coding genes immediately 3' to a consensus eucaryotic 3' intron-exon splice
      junction. Our previous work demonstrated possible intermediates in discontinuous
      mRNA processing that contain the 50 nucleotides of the SL primary transcript 3'
      to the SL, the SL intron sequence (SLIS). These RNAs have a 5' terminus at the
      splice junction of the SL and the SLIS. We examined a Leishmania nuclear extract
      for these RNAs in ribonucleoprotein (RNP) particles. Density centrifugation
      analysis showed that the SL RNA is predominantly in RNP complexes at 60S, while
      the SLIS-containing RNAs are in complexes at 40S. We also demonstrated that the
      SLIS can be released from polyadenylated RNA by incubation with a HeLa cell
      extract containing debranching enzymatic activity. These data suggested that
      Leishmania enriettii mRNAs are assembled by bimolecular or trans splicing as has
      been recently demonstrated for Trypanosoma brucei. Furthermore, we determined the
      partial sequence of the Leishmania U2 equivalent RNA and demonstrated that it
      cosediments with the SL RNA at 60S in a nuclear extract. These RNP particles may
      be analogous to so-called spliceosomes that have been demonstrated in other
      systems.

PMID- 3405215
TI  - A temperature-sensitive mutation affecting cilia regeneration, nuclear
      development, and the cell cycle of Tetrahymena thermophila is rescued by
      cytoplasmic exchange.
AB  - A temperature-sensitive mutation was isolated that blocks cilia regeneration and
      arrests growth in Tetrahymena thermophila. Protein and RNA synthesis and ATP
      production appeared to be largely unaffected at the restrictive temperature,
      suggesting that the mutation is specific for cilia regeneration and growth. At
      the restrictive temperature, mutant cells arrested at a specific point in the
      cell cycle, after macronuclear S phase and shortly before micronuclear mitosis.
      Arrested cells did not undergo nuclear divisions, DNA replication, or
      cytokinesis, so the mutation appears to cause true cell cycle arrest.
      Surprisingly, the mutation does not appear to affect micronuclear mitosis
      directly but rather some event(s) prior to micronuclear mitosis that must be
      completed before cells can complete the cell cycle. The cell cycle arrest was
      transiently complemented by wild-type cytoplasm exchanged during conjugation with
      a wild-type cell. Each starved, wild-type cell apparently contained enough
      rescuing factor to support an average of six cell divisions. Thus, this mutation
      affects assembly and/or function of at least one but not all of the microtubule
      based structures in T. thermophila.

PMID- 3405216
TI  - Leader length and secondary structure modulate mRNA function under conditions of
      stress.
AB  - Simian virus 40-based plasmids that direct the synthesis of preproinsulin in
      cultured monkey cells were used to study the effects of mRNA structure on
      translational efficiency. Lengthening the leader sequence enhanced translation in
      this system. The enhancement was most obvious when an unstructured sequence (two,
      four, or eight copies of the oligonucleotide AGCTAAGTAAGTAAGTA) was inserted
      upstream from a region of deliberate secondary structure; the degree of
      enhancement was proportional to the number of copies of the inserted
      oligonucleotide. Lengthening the leader sequence on the 3' side of a stem-and
      loop structure, in contrast, did not offset the potentially inhibitory effect of
      the hairpin structure. Both the facilitating effect of length and the inhibitory
      effect of secondary structure were demonstrated most easily under conditions of
      mRNA competition, which was brought about by an abrupt shift in the tonicity of
      the culture medium. These experiments suggest a simple structural basis for the
      long-recognized differential response of viral and cellular mRNAs to hypertonic
      stress. The fact that the translatability of structure-prone mRNAs varies with
      changes in the environment may also have general implications for gene expression
      in eucaryotic cells.

PMID- 3405217
TI  - Expression of recombinant platelet-derived growth factor A- and B-chain
      homodimers in rat-1 cells and human fibroblasts reveals differences in protein
      processing and autocrine effects.
AB  - The autocrine effects of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) A- and B-chain
      homodimers (PDGF-AA and PDGF-BB) on rat-1 cells and human fibroblasts have been
      investigated by using human PDGF A- and B-chain cDNA clones expressed in a
      retroviral vector. Infection with replication-defective virus carrying the B
      chain cDNA resulted in a phenotypical transformation resembling that induced by
      simian sarcoma virus. The resulting cells were focus forming in monolayer
      cultures, grew to high saturation densities, and formed large colonies in soft
      agar. The PDGF A-chain transfectants showed no transformed morphology and lacked
      focus-forming activity but grew to high saturation density in monolayer culture
      and formed small colonies in soft agar. A similar but weaker effect was obtained
      with an A-chain cDNA variant containing a 69-base-pair insertion in the 3' end of
      the protein-coding domain. A- and B-chain transfectants released PDGF receptor
      competing activity into the medium, but only the medium conditioned by the B
      chain transfectants possessed potent mitogenic activity on human fibroblasts.
      Both types of transfectants had downregulated levels of PDGF receptors; however,
      the B-chain transfectants were downregulated to significantly lower levels.
      Metabolic labeling and immunoprecipitations with PDGF antiserum showed that the
      PDGF B-chain protein was processed to a 24-kilodalton cell-associated and a 30
      kilodalton secreted dimeric protein. The A-chain protein was rapidly secreted as
      a 31-kilodalton dimeric protein. The present study shows a marked difference in
      the autocrine effects of PDGF-AA and -BB expressed under the control of a
      retroviral promoter and suggests that different biological properties may be
      assigned to these two PDGF isoforms.

PMID- 3405219
TI  - A highly conserved mouse gene with a propensity to form pseudogenes in mammals.
AB  - A mouse cDNA clone corresponding to an abundantly transcribed poly(A)+ mRNA was
      found to be represented by 200 copies in mammalian genomes. To understand the
      origin and nature of this sequence family, we studied two genomic members and two
      cDNA clones from mouse liver. The DNA sequence of the coding strand of a full
      length cDNA clone was shown to have an open reading frame capable of encoding a
      25-kilodalton polypeptide that has not been previously described. In vitro
      transcription-translation experiments verified the presence of an open reading
      frame encoding a protein of the predicted size. Restriction analysis of genomic
      DNA and DNA sequence analysis of genomic clones indicated that many of the 200
      members of this family represent processed pseudogenes, with one or a small
      number of active structural genes. The vast majority of the genomic copies are
      heterogeneous in length, truncated at their 5' ends with respect to the mRNA, and
      do not appear to have intervening sequences. Two distinct genomic members of this
      family were sequenced and found to represent incomplete copies of the mRNA. Both
      are 5' truncated at slightly different points with respect to the mRNA. Both
      pseudogenes have multiple base changes, insertions, and deletions relative to the
      mRNA, and one of them encodes the poly(A) tail of the mRNA. The expression of
      this gene family is highest in rapidly dividing cells such as early mouse embryos
      and testis, but was seen in all tissues tested. This gene shows extremely high
      sequence conservation, extending to chicken, amphibian, and nematode genomes.
      Surprisingly, the gene appears to exist in only one copy in these organisms.

PMID- 3405218
TI  - Cloning and characterization of a second member of the mouse mdr gene family.
AB  - The mammalian mdr gene family comprises a small number of closely related genes.
      Previously, we have shown that one member, mdr1, has the capacity to convey
      multidrug resistance to drug-sensitive recipient cells in a gene transfer
      protocol. However, the functional characteristics of other members of this gene
      family have not been examined. In this report, we characterize a second member of
      the mdr gene family which we designated mdr2. We determined the nucleotide
      sequence corresponding to the complete coding region of this mdr2 transcript. The
      predicted amino acid sequence of this protein (1,276 amino acids) showed that it
      is a membrane glycoprotein highly homologous to mdr1 (85%), strongly suggesting
      that both genes originate from a common ancestor. Regions of divergence between
      mdr1 and mdr2 proteins are concentrated in two discrete segments of the predicted
      polypeptides, each approximately 100 residues in length. The mdr2 protein appears
      to be formed by the duplication of a structural unit which encodes three putative
      transmembrane loops and a predicted nucleotide-binding fold and is highly
      homologous to bacterial transport proteins such as hlyB. This strong homology
      suggests that mdr2 also participates in an energy-dependent membrane transport
      process. However, the direct relationship, if any, of this new member of the mdr
      family to multidrug resistance remains to be established. Knowledge of the
      complete nucleotide sequence and predicted amino acid sequence of the mdr2 gene
      product will enable the preparation of gene-specific probes and antibodies
      necessary to study the functional role of this gene in multidrug resistance and
      normal physiological processes.

PMID- 3405220
TI  - Effect of cycloheximide on development of methotrexate resistance of Chinese
      hamster ovary cells treated with inhibitors of DNA synthesis.
AB  - We examined the effects of 18 h of incubation of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO K1)
      cells with cycloheximide, hydroxyurea, and aphidicolin. Treatment of cells with
      cycloheximide alone at a concentration adequate to inhibit DNA synthesis to less
      than 10% of control was significantly less cytotoxic and clastogenic than
      treatment with hydroxyurea or aphidicolin, did not induce unbalanced cellular
      growth, and had no effect on the frequency of resistant cells in methotrexate
      selections compared with control cells. When combined with hydroxyurea or
      aphidicolin and compared with the effects of either drug alone, cycloheximide
      blocked the induction of unbalanced growth during drug treatment, reduced the
      frequency of chromosomal aberrations in recovering cell populations, and
      decreased cell killing. In addition, the increased frequency of methotrexate
      resistant cells observed after treatment with hydroxyurea or aphidicolin was
      eliminated when cycloheximide was present during drug treatment.

PMID- 3405221
TI  - Ribonucleoproteins package 700 nucleotides of pre-mRNA into a repeating array of
      regular particles.
AB  - An assay for the in vitro assembly of HeLa cell 40S nuclear ribonucleoprotein
      particles (hnRNP particles) has been developed. The substrates were single
      stranded nucleic acid polymers of defined length and sequence prepared in vitro
      and the six major core particle proteins from isolated 40S hnRNP. The fidelity of
      in vitro assembly was evaluated on various physical parameters, including
      sedimentation, salt dissociation, polypeptide stoichiometry, UV-activated protein
      RNA cross-linking, and overall morphology. Correct particle assembly depended on
      RNA length and on the input protein/RNA ratio but not on the concentration of the
      reactant mixture nor on the presence or absence of internal RNA processing
      signals, a 5'-cap structure, a 3'-poly(A) moiety, or ATP as energy source. RNA
      lengths between 685 and 726 nucleotides supported correct particle assembly.
      Dimers and oligomeric complexes that possessed the same polypeptide stoichiometry
      as native hnRNP assembled on RNA chains that were integral multiples of 700
      nucleotides. Intermediate-length RNA supported the assembly of nonstoichiometric
      complexes lacking structural homogeneity. An analysis of these complexes
      indicates that proteins A1 and A2 may be the first proteins to bind RNA during
      particle assembly. We conclude that the major proteins of 40S hnRNP particles
      contain the necessary information for packaging nascent transcripts into a
      repeating "ribonucleosomal" structure possessing a defined RNA length and protein
      composition but do not themselves contain the information for modulating
      packaging that may be required for RNA splicing.

PMID- 3405223
TI  - Template sequences required for transcription of Xenopus laevis mitochondrial DNA
      from two bidirectional promoters.
AB  - Previous work from our laboratory has shown that transcription of Xenopus laevis
      mitochondrial DNA initiates both in vivo and in vitro from bidirectional
      promoters located between the gene for tRNA(Phe) and the 5' termini of
      displacement loop DNA strands. A consensus sequence matching the octanucleotide
      ACGTTATA surrounds each transcription start site. In the present study, we used
      in vitro mutagenesis to define sequences required for specific transcription in
      vitro. First, cloned mitochondrial DNA templates generated by deletion
      mutagenesis were transcribed in vitro to define the limits of functional
      promoters. The bidirectional promoter located approximately 33 nucleotides
      upstream from the gene for tRNA(Phe), termed promoter 1, was studied in greatest
      detail. The results confirmed the hypothesis that the consensus octanucleotide
      sequence surrounding each start site is an essential promoter element. A duplex
      18-base-pair oligonucleotide encoding the symmetrical promoter 1 region was
      synthesized and cloned in a plasmid vector. This synthetic oligonucleotide was
      sufficient to support bidirectional transcription. Point mutations within this
      oligonucleotide were used to identify critical residues within the consensus
      sequence.

PMID- 3405222
TI  - Identification of upstream and intragenic regulatory elements that confer cell
      type-restricted and differentiation-specific expression on the muscle creatine
      kinase gene.
AB  - Terminal differentiation of skeletal myoblasts is accompanied by induction of a
      series of tissue-specific gene products, which includes the muscle isoenzyme of
      creatine kinase (MCK). To begin to define the sequences and signals involved in
      MCK regulation in developing muscle cells, the mouse MCK gene has been isolated.
      Sequence analysis of 4,147 bases of DNA surrounding the transcription initiation
      site revealed several interesting structural features, some of which are common
      to other muscle-specific genes and to cellular and viral enhancers. To test for
      sequences required for regulated expression, a region upstream of the MCK gene
      from -4800 to +1 base pairs, relative to the transcription initiation site, was
      linked to the coding sequences of the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase
      (CAT) gene. Introduction of this MCK-CAT fusion gene into C2 muscle cells
      resulted in high-level expression of CAT activity in differentiated myotubes and
      no detectable expression in proliferating undifferentiated myoblasts or in
      nonmyogenic cell lines. Deletion mutagenesis of sequences between -4800 and the
      transcription start site showed that the region between -1351 and -1050 was
      sufficient to confer cell type-specific and developmentally regulated expression
      on the MCK promoter. This upstream regulatory element functioned independently of
      position, orientation, or distance from the promoter and therefore exhibited the
      properties of a classical enhancer. This upstream enhancer also was able to
      confer muscle-specific regulation on the simian virus 40 promoter, although it
      exhibited a 3- to 5-fold preference for its own promoter. In contrast to the cell
      type- and differentiation-specific expression of the upstream enhancer, the MCK
      promoter was able to function in myoblasts and myotubes and in nonmyogenic cell
      lines when combined with the simian virus 40 enhancer. An additional positive
      regulatory element was identified within the first intron of the MCK gene. Like
      the upstream enhancer, this intragenic element functioned independently of
      position, orientation, and distance with respect to the MCK promoter and was
      active in differentiated myotubes but not in myoblasts. These results demonstrate
      that expression of the MCK gene in developing muscle cells is controlled by
      complex interactions among multiple upstream and intragenic regulatory elements
      that are functional only in the appropriate cellular context.

PMID- 3405226
TI  - [Spontaneous pneumothorax in cystic fibrosis].
AB  - The clinical course of 13 cystic fibrosis patients with a total of 24 episodes of
      pneumothorax was analysed. The study is based on 488 (273/215) patients seen over
      20 respectively 10 years at the University Children's Hospitals Frankfurt/Main
      and Essen. A pneumothorax was observed with a frequency of 2.7% mainly in
      adolescents of young adults with advanced pulmonary disease (mean age 17.4
      years). It was not seen before the age of 10 years. Thus among 255 patients at
      risk above 10 years a pneumothorax occurred in 5.1%. Presenting symptoms were
      acute chest pain (n = 17), dyspnea (n = 17) and irritating cough (n = 8). In two
      patients pneumothorax was an incidental diagnosis. A tension pneumothorax was
      seen in 7 (= 30%; 3 initial, 4 recurrences of which 3 were ipsilateral). Out of
      11 recurrences (n = 6, ipsi- and n = 5, contralateral) 4 occurred only once, one
      twice and in one patient five times. Two patients died as a consequence of the
      event (one initially due to tension pneumothorax, one due to heart failure). The
      therapeutic approach was conservative. Without specific treatment pneumothorax
      resolved in 12 cases. Ten patients were treated by chest tube drainage and only
      one patient by pleurodesis with a sclerosing agent. Though the therapeutic
      results were favorable in the patients presented, the authors suggest more
      aggressive treatment in view of the high ipsilateral recurrence rate. Detailed
      recommendations are given.

PMID- 3405225
TI  - [The metaraminol provocation test in the diagnosis of familial Mediterranean
      fever].
AB  - Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) is a cyclic inflammatory disease of unknown
      pathogenesis and autosomal recessive inheritance. Diagnosis is notoriously
      difficult by the lack of specific signs or laboratory tests although early
      diagnosis is mandatory to avoid developmental delay or possibly fatal amyloidosis
      by treatment with colchicine. In adults, Metaraminol Provocative Test (MPT) has
      been described as specific and highly sensitive in the diagnoses of FMF. We
      tested 18 children, 9 of whom suffered from FMF. They were ill for 5 years and
      had been treated as in-patients for 3 months without improvement (median values).
      5 of the children with FMF had a positive test results. 4 children with FMF were
      negative. All 9 children with other disorders were negative, too. During the
      course of diagnosis, they had been suspected of suffering from FMF. So, in
      childhood, MPT is specific for FMF but does not identify all children with FMF.
      However, a positive MPT may be a great help in diagnosing FMF.

PMID- 3405224
TI  - Identification and sequence analysis of a new member of the mouse HSP70 gene
      family and characterization of its unique cellular and developmental pattern of
      expression in the male germ line.
AB  - A unique member of the mouse HSP70 gene family has been isolated and
      characterized with respect to its DNA sequence organization and expression. The
      gene contains extensive similarity to a heat shock-inducible HSP70 gene within
      the coding region but diverges in both 3' and 5' nontranslated regions. The gene
      does not yield transcripts in response to heat shock in mouse L cells. Rather,
      the gene appears to be activated uniquely in the male germ line. Analysis of RNA
      from different developmental stages and from enriched populations of
      spermatogenic cells revealed that this gene is expressed during the prophase
      stage of meiosis. A transcript different in size from the major heat-inducible
      mouse transcripts is most abundant in meiotic prophase spermatocytes and
      decreases in abundance in postmeiotic stages of spermatogenesis. This pattern of
      expression is distinct from that observed for another member of this gene family,
      which was previously shown to be expressed abundantly in postmeiotic germ cells.
      These observations suggest that specific HSP70 gene family members play distinct
      roles in the differentiation of the germ cell lineage in mammals.

PMID- 3405228
TI  - [Functional abdominal disorders in childhood].

PMID- 3405227
TI  - [Unusually early onset of Kawasaki syndrome with coronary artery aneurysms].
AB  - Kawasaki disease is a multisystem illness that has been described throughout the
      world. It affects children with a peak frequency in the 6-month to 5-year group.
      Besides the typical clinical findings and specific laboratory changes during the
      initial phase of acute illness there are obligatory cardiovascular manifestations
      due to a generalized microvasculitis. Above all the coronary arteritis resulting
      in the formation of aneurysm may complicate a primarily good prognosis (causing
      death in 1-2% of the cases). The present case report describes a coronary artery
      involvement in a young 1 1/2-month-old infant with Kawasaki disease.

PMID- 3405229
TI  - [Evolution of RNA-dependent RNA-polymerases from positive RNA viruses: comparison
      of phylogenetic trees constructed by different methods].
AB  - Presumptive phylogenetic trees of evolutionary conserved fragments of RNA
      dependent RNA polymerases of 26 positive strand RNA viruses were generated using
      a simple clustering procedure or a novel approach based on the so-called maximal
      topologic similarity principle. The latter methodology involves a quantitative
      measure of the degree of correspondence between the topology of generated trees
      and structure of the initial distance matrix. The algorithm for tree construction
      based on the maximal topologic similarity principle does not include the
      assumption of evolutionary rate constancy, as opposed to the clustering
      procedure. Nevertheless, it is demonstrated that the trees generated by the two
      methods are topologically similar, indicating that no drastic change of
      evolutionary rate had occurred in evolution of the positive strand RNA virus RNA
      polymerases. This in turn suggests that RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (or at
      least their evolutionary conserved core domains used for construction of the
      phylogenetic trees) are principally functionally equivalent in all positive
      strand RNA viruses.

PMID- 3405230
TI  - [Behavior in a cell of artificial mini-chromosomes during induced transcription
      of centromeric DNA].
AB  - Hybrid yeast plasmids were constructed, containing the centromere loci CEN3 under
      the control of two inducible yeast promoters--GAL10 and PHO5. It was shown, that
      during the induction of transcription from the GAL10 promoter the decrease in
      mitotic stability of minichromosome is affected both by partial disruption of
      centromere function by transcription and by influence of galactose on the number
      of residual cell divisions. In two strains the activity of GAL10 promoter was
      considerably higher than that of the PHO5 promoter. It is proposed to use the
      effect of minichromosome destabilization for evaluation of the relative promoter
      strength.

PMID- 3405231
TI  - [Purification and properties of a protein from the nuclear fraction of HeLa cells
      binding to a cloned fragment of human satellite DNA III].
AB  - In nuclear extract of HeLa cells two proteins were identified having the specific
      binding activity to cloned 1.8kb fragment of human satellite DNA III (HS3). One
      of the satellite binding proteins (SBP1) purified by column chromatography using
      DEAE-, phospho- and DNA-cellulose steps interacted also with adenovirus 5
      replication enhancer (ARE), another protein (SBP2) was separated during
      phosphocellulose chromatography from ARE-binding protein. It is suggested that
      SBP1 is possibly identical to the nuclear factor I purified earlier from the
      nuclear extract of HeLa cells by other authors.

PMID- 3405232
TI  - [Properties of reassortants of human and avian influenza viruses. Reproduction in
      MDCK cells at suboptimum temperatures].
AB  - A series of reassortants has been constructed by crossing of UV-inactivated avian
      influenza virus of H3N8 subtype and live human influenza virus of H1N1 subtype,
      adapted to growth in continuous canine kidney cell line (MDCK). The analysis of
      RNA duplexes has shown that the reassortants contain HA gene of avian influenza
      virus whereas the other genes belong to human parent virus. The reassortants were
      efficiently reproduced in MDCK cells at low temperature (limiting for the avian
      parent virus). The data suggest that the avian virus HA gene does not hamper the
      reproduction of reassortant viruses in mammalian cells under the conditions
      unfavorable for the multiplication of avian influenza subtype H3N8 viruses.

PMID- 3405233
TI  - [Micropreparative thin-layer peptide maps in the molecular diagnosis of abnormal
      human hemoglobins].
AB  - General factors determining the possibility of application of peptide maps in
      thin layer of microcrystalline cellulose as a micropreparative method in
      molecular diagnostics of abnormal hemoglobins were studied. The effects of
      absorbtional capacity of cellulose and amino acid impurities in it, choice of
      eluent and elution technique, peptide structure and extent of its modification in
      staining as well as completeness and specificity of globin chain enzymatic
      digestion on peptides extraction from thin layer were analysed. The results of
      structural identification of Hb D Punjab beta 121 Glu----Gln at a Cypriot; Hb O
      Arab; beta 121 Glu----Lys at a Bulgarian woman, living in Kalinin region (the
      second case in the USSR); Hb M Saskatoon beta 63 His----Tyr at a woman from
      Georgia (the second case in the USSR); Hb Buenos Aires beta 85 Phe----Ser at a
      Russian girl (the first case in the USSR and the third case in the world); Hb
      Dagestan alpha 60 Lys----Glu at two members of a Lesgin family from Dagestan; Hb
      Agenogi beta 90 Glu----Lys at a Hungarian woman; Hb Setif alpha 94 Asp----Tyr at
      three patients from Cyprus and Hb Detroit beta 95 Lys----Asn at an Azerbaijanian
      woman (the first case in the USSR and the second case in the world) are
      presented.

PMID- 3405234
TI  - [Sensitivity of Vibrio cholerae to the lethal and mutagenic effects of UV
      irradiation mediated by the presence of plasmids].
AB  - The effect of UV-irradiation on Vibrio cholerae cells and its changes mediated by
      the plasmid R245 have been studied. Vibrio cholerae strains 569B and RV31 have
      been shown to be considerably more sensitive to lethal effect of UV-irradiation
      as compared with Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium cells. Highly
      toxigenic strain 569B and practically atoxigenic strain RV31 have the same UV
      sensitivity. Lethal effect of UV-irradiation on Vibrio cholerae cells is
      increased when the irradiated cells are plated on enriched media. UV-induction of
      mutations was not registered in plasmidless strains of Vibrio cholerae. Plasmid
      R245 increases UV-resistance of vibrio cells and makes them UV-mutable.

PMID- 3405235
TI  - The effect of exposure regimen and duration on benzene-induced bone-marrow damage
      in mice. I. Sex comparison in DBA/2 mice.
AB  - In the mouse, the concurrent evaluation of micronuclei frequencies in peripheral
      blood polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE) and normochromatic erythrocytes (NCE)
      permits an assessment of both recently-induced and chronically-accumulated bone
      marrow damage. This assay system was used to evaluate on a weekly basis the
      effect of exposure duration (1-13 weeks, 6 h per day) and exposure regimen
      (Regimen 1:5 exposure days per week; Regimen 2:3 exposure days per week) on the
      ability of 300 ppm benzene to induce genotoxic damage in the bone marrow of male
      and female DBA/2 mice. In addition, an analysis of the percentage of PCE in
      peripheral blood was used to evaluate benzene-induced alterations in the rate of
      erythropoiesis. Exposure to benzene induced a marked increase in the frequency of
      micronucleated PCE (MN-PCE), an effect which was considerably greater in male
      mice than in female mice. In both sexes, the induction of MN-PCE was independent
      of exposure regiment and of exposure duration. Exposure to benzene also resulted
      in an exposure duration-dependent increase in the frequency of MN-NCE. The
      frequency of MN-NCE increased more slowly in female than in male mice and, within
      each sex, more slowly in Regimen 2 animals. Apparent steady-state conditions for
      MN-NCE frequencies were attained by about the fifth week of exposure in female
      mice exposed by either regimen and in male mice exposed by Regimen 2. Steady
      state conditions for MN-NCE frequencies in male mice exposed to benzene by
      Regimen 1 did not occur during the duration of the study. An analysis of %PCE
      data revealed an initial severe depression in the rate of erythropoiesis in both
      sexes, with the return in the production of PCE to control levels being dependent
      on both sex and exposure regimen. Suppression of PCE production occurred
      throughout the course of the study in Regimen 2 males, while the percentage of
      PCE returned to control levels sporadically after 5 weeks in Regimen 1 males and
      within 5 weeks in females, regardless of regimen. Thus, while the sex-dependent
      induction of genotoxic damage by multiple exposures to benzene over a 13-week
      period was independent of exposure regimen and duration, the induction of
      cytotoxic damage was both sex- and regimen-dependent. The most severe depression
      of erythropoiesis occurred in male DBA/2 mice exposed to benzene by the more
      intermittent regimen (i.e., 3 days/week versus 5 days/week).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3405236
TI  - The effect of exposure regimen and duration on benzene-induced bone marrow damage
      in mice. II. Strain comparisons involving B6C3F1, C57B1/6 and DBA/2 male mice.
AB  - In a companion paper (Luke et al., 1988), the effect of exposure duration and
      regimen on benzene induced-bone marrow damage was evaluated in male and female
      DBA/2 mice using the peripheral blood micronucleus assay. To assess the general
      applicability of the findings obtained for DBA/2 mice to other strains, similar
      studies were conducted using B6C3F1 and C57B1/6 male mice. An analysis of
      peripheral blood smears taken weekly from these mice exposed to 300 ppm benzene
      for 13 weeks (6 h per day) for either 5 days per week (Regimen 1) or for 3 days
      per week (Regimen 2) revealed: (i) a highly significant increase in the frequency
      of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MN-PCE), the magnitude of which was
      strain specific (DBA/2 greater than C57B1/6 = B6C3F1), but independent of
      exposure regimen and, except for Regimen 2 B6C3F1 mice, of exposure duration. In
      male B6C3F1 mice, MN-PCE frequencies increased slightly with increasing exposure
      duration; (ii) a strain- (C57B1/6 = B6C3F1 greater than DBA/2) and regimen-
      (Regimen 1 greater than Regimen 2) dependent increase across time in the
      frequency of micronucleated normochromatic erythrocytes (MN-NCE). Apparent steady
      state conditions for MN-NCE frequencies were attained by about 5 weeks of
      exposure in male mice of all three strains exposed to benzene by Regimen 2.
      Steady-state conditions for MN-NCE frequencies in male mice exposed to benzene by
      Regimen 1 did not occur during the duration of the study, with strain-dependent
      differences in the kinetics of MN-NCE accumulation being present; and (iii) in
      all 3 strains, an initial severe depression in the rate of erythropoiesis, the
      return of which to normal levels was both strain- (C57B1/6 = B6C3F1 greater than
      DBA/2) and regimen- (Regimen 1 greater than Regimen 2) dependent. These data
      indicate that the induction of genotoxic and cytotoxic damage in the bone marrow
      of male mice exposed to benzene for 13 weeks can be highly dependent on strain,
      exposure regimen and exposure duration but that under no circumstance did the
      level of genotoxic damage induced by benzene decrease under multiple exposure
      conditions.

PMID- 3405237
TI  - Synaptonemal complex damage in relation to meiotic chromosome aberrations after
      exposure of male mice to cyclophosphamide.
AB  - The genetic implications of induced synaptonemal complex (SC) damage are not
      known. However, on theoretical grounds, such aberrations could be involved in
      mechanisms leading to potentially heritable defects. Cyclophosphamide (CP), a
      chemical reported to cause structural and numerical chromosomal aberrations in
      the mouse, was used to determine if SC damage observed in meiotic prophase is
      related to subsequent metaphase chromosomal aberrations. Male mice were injected
      i.p. with CP. In some instances, mice were also injected simultaneously with
      tritiated thymidine to label DNA so that cells could be tracked
      autoradiographically through spermatogenesis. Prophase, primary metaphase (M1),
      and secondary metaphase (M2) samples were sequentially harvested at appropriate
      times from the same individual, and nuclei were examined for aberrations.
      Correlation coefficients between SC and metaphase chromosome aberrations were
      calculated. The inclusion of tritium labeling increased the number and
      significance of positive correlations. Positive correlations were found between
      (1) dose-dependent total SC damage and damage to M1, and to a lesser extent, M2
      chromosomes; (2) SC breaks/fragments and M1 chains/rings as well as isochromatid
      breaks/fragments; (3) SC asynapsis and M1 chromatid breaks/fragments; (4) SC
      multi-axial configurations and M1 chains/rings as well as isochromatid and
      chromatid breaks/fragments; and (5) SC multi-axial configurations and M2
      hyperploidy. These correlations do not define mechanistic or causal relationships
      between SC and chromosomal damage. However, taken together with the observation
      that induced SC damage is many times greater than ensuing metaphase chromosome
      damage, they substantiate SC analysis as a highly sensitive indicator of
      potentially heritable effects of this (and presumably other) genotoxic agents.

PMID- 3405238
TI  - Effect of desynchronized inputs on compound sensory and muscle action potentials.
AB  - Stimulation of the second (S1) or third (S2) digit elicits a median sensory
      potential at the wrist. Similarly, a shock applied to the median (Sm) or ulnar
      (Su) nerve at the wrist evokes a sensory potential of the fourth digit and a
      muscle potential over the thenar eminence. Hence, a concomitant application of S1
      and S2 or Sm and Su with varying interstimulus intervals simulates the effect of
      desynchronized inputs. In 10 hands, a shift in latency on the order of 1 msec
      between S1 and S2 or Sm and Su caused a major reduction in sensory potential by
      as much as 30-40% but little change in muscle action potential. A latency
      difference slightly less than one-half the total duration of unit discharge
      maximized the phase cancellation between the two components and consequently the
      loss of area under the waveform.

PMID- 3405239
TI  - Effects of glucocorticoids on motor units in cat hindlimb muscles.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of glucocorticoid treatment
      on the contractile, electrical and fatigue properties of isolated motor units of
      identified type. Although it is known that glucocorticoid administration induces
      atrophy and weakness most strongly in fast, pale muscles and to a lesser extent
      in red muscle, the relationship between steroid effects and motor unit type is
      not known. Properties of medial gastrocnemius (MG) and soleus (SOL) motor units
      were studied in normal cats and in cats treated with triamcinolone acetonide (3-4
      mg/kg body weight for 10-16 days). Glucocorticoid treatment produced weakness
      preferentially in fast-twitch motor units. This suggests that catabolic steroids
      cause a reduction in the amount of contractile protein and hence contractile
      strength of motor units in inverse proportion to their relative activity or
      degree of use.

PMID- 3405240
TI  - Carnitine stimulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC) in isolated human
      skeletal muscle mitochondria.
AB  - L-carnitine stimulated CO2 production from 1-14C pyruvate in mitochondria from
      human skeletal muscle nearly twofold. A comparable increase in the pyruvate
      dehydrogenase complex (PDHC) activity was seen. Moreover, in the presence of L
      carnitine and at pyruvate concentration greater than 0.25 mM, this effect was
      associated with a marked increase of acetylcarnitine synthesis. Deoxycarnitine,
      an inhibitor of carnitine acetyltransferase (CAT), partially reversed the effect
      of carnitine on PDHC activity. The stimulatory effect of carnitine on PDHC
      activity in human mitochondria is mediated by the modulation of the
      intramitochondrial acetyl-CoA/CoASH ratio.

PMID- 3405241
TI  - Neurovascular-anastomosed muscle grafts in rabbits: functional deficits result
      from tendon repair.
AB  - In rabbits, 9 g rectus femoris (RFM) muscles were grafted with tendon repair and
      with (1) nerves and blood vessels intact, (2) nerves intact and blood vessels
      anastomosed, or (3) nerves and blood vessels anastomosed. The influences of
      tendon, nerve, and vascular repair on the functional capabilities of grafts were
      compared 15-120 days after grafting. Data were collected on the mass, total
      protein content, oxidative capacity, maximum force development, and fatigability
      of grafts and control RFM muscles. When stabilized 90-120 days after grafting,
      mean values for the three types of grafts were not significantly different.
      Compared with values for control RFM muscles, each type of graft had
      significantly lower mean values for mass, total protein content, and maximum
      force, but the grafts were more resistant to fatigue. In RFM grafts, nerve and
      vascular repair do not contribute significantly to the impairments. Consequently,
      tendon repair appears to be responsible for the major functional deficits.

PMID- 3405242
TI  - Spinal roots of rats poisoned with methylmercury: physiology and pathology.
AB  - The evoked potentials in the ventral and dorsal roots were recorded independently
      by stimulating the sciatic nerve of both control and methylmercury-poisoned rats.
      Poisoned rats showed markedly decreased amplitudes but normal latencies of the
      potentials evoked in the dorsal roots. Potentials evoked in the ventral roots had
      normal latencies and amplitudes. Pathological correlates indicated acute axonal
      degeneration of the dorsal roots, with a significant decrease of the large and
      small myelinated fiber densities. The ventral roots were histologically
      unremarkable. Our pathological confirmation of the electrophysiologic changes in
      the methylmercury-poisoned rats enables us to substantially assess the
      pathophysiological aspects of acute lesions in the spinal roots.

PMID- 3405243
TI  - Prognostic value of electrodiagnosis in Guillain-Barre syndrome.
AB  - This study was designed to identify clinical and electrodiagnostic indicators of
      prognosis in Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS). Sixty severe GBS patients (all
      bedfast, 22 ventilator dependent) were analyzed clinically and with standard
      electromyography and nerve conduction studies. Both ventilator dependence and
      rapid evolution of weakness were more common in patients with a poor prognosis.
      The most powerful predictor of a poor outcome was reduced mean compound muscle
      action potential amplitude (less than 10% of the lower limit of normal).

PMID- 3405244
TI  - Investigation of scoliosis in Duchenne dystrophy using computerized tomography.
AB  - In order to determine the role of the spinal muscles in the etiology of the
      scoliosis associated with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, we carried out a study of
      16 children using computerized tomography. Scans were taken at the level of the
      9th dorsal and the 3rd lumbar vertebrae. Density readings were taken in the
      medial and lateral portions of the erector spinae. The results confirmed the loss
      of muscle and replacement by fat which was greater on the concave side. The
      density differences between the convex and concave sides correlated with the
      degree of curvature measured by Cobb's method. Computed tomography may offer a
      prognostic indicator in the development of scoliosis.

PMID- 3405245
TI  - Respiratory muscle training in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

PMID- 3405246
TI  - Type 1 and type 2 muscle fibers distribution.

PMID- 3405247
TI  - Mycological-diagnostic assessment of the efficacy of amphotericin B + flucytosine
      to control Cryptococcus neoformans in AIDS patients.

PMID- 3405248
TI  - Ketoconazole in the treatment of paracoccidioidomycosis (South American
      blastomycosis). Experience in 30 cases in Bolivia.

PMID- 3405249
TI  - Trichosporosis of the hairs of the scalp in Kuwait.

PMID- 3405250
TI  - Fungal swimbladder infection in farmed Baltic salmon (Salmo salar L.) caused by
      Verticillium lecanii.

PMID- 3405251
TI  - Single dose and intermittent griseofulvin regimens in the treatment of tinea
      capitis in Kenya.

PMID- 3405252
TI  - An epidemiologic study of mortality among bereaved parents.
AB  - To study the health consequences of parental bereavement, we compared the
      mortality in two groups of bereaved Israeli parents with that in the general
      population. One cohort comprised the parents of all 2518 soldiers 18 to 40 years
      of age who were killed during the Yom Kippur War in 1973. The second consisted of
      the parents of 1128 men 18 to 30 years of age who died in accidents between 1971
      and 1975. Both groups were followed through 1983. The comparison population was
      the entire population of Jewish Israelis for which sex-, age-, and calendar year
      specific mortality rates were available. The 10-year age-adjusted life-table
      mortality was higher among fathers whose sons died in accidents rather than in
      war (P = 0.045), but mortality did not differ significantly between the two
      groups of mothers. Overall, we found no excess mortality among the bereaved
      parents as compared with the general population. The standardized mortality
      ratios for the fathers and mothers of sons killed at war were 0.91 and 0.90,
      respectively; for fathers and mothers whose sons died by accident, they were 1.04
      and 0.91, respectively. None were significantly different from unity. There was
      no consistent evidence of an elevated risk of death, early or late, after the
      loss. Widowed and divorced parents who lost a son did have increased mortality,
      which was statistically significant in mothers. Our findings provide no support
      for the hypothesis that the loss of an adult son is associated with increased
      short-term or long-term mortality in married parents.

PMID- 3405253
TI  - Port Pirie Cohort Study: environmental exposure to lead and children's abilities
      at the age of four years.
AB  - We studied the effect of environmental exposure to lead on children's abilities
      at the age of four years in a cohort of 537 children born during 1979 to 1982 to
      women living in a community situated near a lead smelter. Samples for measuring
      blood lead levels were obtained from the mothers antenatally, at delivery from
      the mothers and umbilical cords, and at the ages of 6, 15, and 24 months and then
      annually from the children. Concurrently, the mothers were interviewed about
      personal, family, medical, and environmental factors. Maternal intelligence, the
      home environment, and the children's mental development (as evaluated with use of
      the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities) were formally assessed. The mean
      blood lead concentration varied from 0.44 mumol per liter in midpregnancy to a
      peak of 1.03 mumol per liter at the age of two years. The blood lead
      concentration at each age, particularly at two and three years, and the
      integrated postnatal average concentration were inversely related to development
      at the age of four. Multivariate analysis incorporating many factors in the
      children's lives indicated that the subjects with an average postnatal blood lead
      concentration of 1.50 mumol per liter had a general cognitive score 7.2 points
      lower (95 percent confidence interval, 0.3 to 13.2; mean score, 107.1) than those
      with an average concentration of 0.50 mumol per liter. Similar deficits occurred
      in the perceptual-performance and memory scores. Within the range of exposure
      studied, no threshold dose for an effect of lead was evident. We conclude that
      postnatal blood lead concentration is inversely related to cognitive development
      in children, although one must be circumspect in making causal inferences from
      studies of this relation, because of the difficulties in defining and controlling
      confounding effects.

PMID- 3405254
TI  - Changes in pulmonary mechanics after the administration of surfactant to infants
      with respiratory distress syndrome.
AB  - We assessed pulmonary mechanics in 35 premature infants with respiratory distress
      syndrome just before and one hour after the administration of 90 mg of surfactant
      to each infant. Transpulmonary pressure was measured between the airway opening
      and an esophageal balloon with use of a differential transducer, and flow rates
      were measured by a pneumotachometer. Values for pulmonary mechanics were then
      calculated by microcomputer processing. The administration of surfactant produced
      a large decrease (56 percent) in the mean (+/- SEM) ratio of alveolar to arterial
      oxygen, from 7.1 +/- 0.5 to 3.1 +/- 0.2 (P less than 0.0001)--a change that
      indicates improvement in gas exchange. Associated changes in pulmonary mechanics
      were not demonstrable when 10 of the infants were studied during continuous
      mechanical ventilation. However, in the 25 infants examined during spontaneous
      breathing with continuous positive airway pressures (identical airway pressures
      before and after treatment), large and consistent improvements in pulmonary
      mechanics were found after the administration of surfactant. Tidal volume
      increased by 32 percent (P less than 0.03), minute ventilation by 38 percent (P
      less than 0.02), dynamic compliance by 29 percent (P less than 0.004), and
      inspiratory flow rates by 54 percent (P less than 0.01). We conclude that
      significant improvement in pulmonary mechanics results from surfactant
      replacement therapy for respiratory distress syndrome, but that these mechanical
      changes are apparent only during spontaneous respiration and can be masked if
      measurements are made during mechanical ventilation.

PMID- 3405256
TI  - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological
      exercises. Case 34-1988. Progressive pulmonary consolidations in a 10-year-old
      boy with Evans' syndrome.

PMID- 3405255
TI  - Evaluation of a selective medical school admissions policy to increase the number
      of family physicians in rural and underserved areas.
AB  - Jefferson Medical College initiated the Physician Shortage Area Program (PSAP) in
      1974; this program preferentially admits medical school applicants from rural
      backgrounds who intend to practice family medicine in rural and underserved
      areas. Evaluation of the program has shown that PSAP graduates from the classes
      of 1978 to 1985 have performed slightly less well than their peers (non-PSAP)
      during medical school, although there was no difference in attrition between the
      two groups. Nor did the performance of PSAP and non-PSAP graduates differ during
      their postgraduate training. PSAP graduates from the classes of 1978 to 1981 were
      almost five times as likely as non-PSAP graduates to practice family medicine
      (59.6 vs. 12.6 percent, P less than 0.001), three times as likely to practice in
      rural areas (37.8 to 42.2 percent vs. 10.0 to 11.8 percent, P less than 0.001),
      and two four times as likely to practice in areas where there is a physician
      shortage (26.7 to 40.0 percent vs. 9.2 to 11.2 percent, P less than 0.01). They
      were 7 to 10 times as likely as their peers to combine a career in family
      medicine with practice in a rural or underserved area (24.4 to 31.1 percent vs.
      3.1 to 3.9 percent, P less than 0.001), thereby fulfilling the goals of the PSAP.
      This study concludes that the medical school admissions process can have a major
      influence on the specialty choice and geographic practice location of physicians,
      and suggests one mechanism for increasing the number of family physicians in
      rural and underserved areas.

PMID- 3405257
TI  - On the health consequences of bereavement.

PMID- 3405258
TI  - The endothelium--modulator of vascular smooth-muscle tone.

PMID- 3405259
TI  - Transmission of HIV by blood transfusion.

PMID- 3405261
TI  - Energy expenditure and body-weight gain.

PMID- 3405260
TI  - Diarrhea in infants with AIDS.

PMID- 3405262
TI  - Cephalosporins and the penicillin-allergic patient.

PMID- 3405263
TI  - Fibrin and fibrin-related antigens in coronary artery disease.

PMID- 3405264
TI  - A contemporary physician's oath.

PMID- 3405265
TI  - Profligate medical marketing.

PMID- 3405266
TI  - Diagnosis of sickle cell anemia and beta-thalassemia with enzymatically amplified
      DNA and nonradioactive allele-specific oligonucleotide probes.
AB  - We have developed a simple and rapid nonradioactive method for detecting genetic
      variation and have applied it to the diagnosis of sickle cell anemia and beta
      thalassemia. The procedure involves the selective amplification of a segment of
      the human beta-globin gene with oligonucleotide primers and a thermostable DNA
      polymerase, followed by hybridization of the amplified DNA with allele-specific
      oligonucleotide probes covalently labeled with horseradish peroxidase. The
      hybridized probes were detected with a simple colorimetric assay. We demonstrated
      the usefulness of this method in a retrospective analysis of two pregnancies at
      risk for beta-thalassemia and one at risk for sickle cell anemia, as well as in
      an analysis of nine DNA samples simulating three family sets.

PMID- 3405268
TI  - Understanding diabetic neuropathy.

PMID- 3405267
TI  - Molecular events in tumor development.

PMID- 3405270
TI  - Legionella prosthetic-valve endocarditis.

PMID- 3405269
TI  - Anabolic steroid dependence with opioid-type features.

PMID- 3405271
TI  - Polycystic ovary syndrome.

PMID- 3405272
TI  - Long-term growth in juvenile acquired hypothyroidism.

PMID- 3405273
TI  - Urinary anion gap in hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis.

PMID- 3405274
TI  - Thallium stress tests and bank vaults.

PMID- 3405275
TI  - Subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by Scolecobasidium humicola in a cat.
AB  - Scolecobasidium humicola was isolated from granulomatous lesions on the tail and
      foot of a cat. The paw lesion, of 2 years duration, had recurred after surgical
      debridement and antibiotic therapy. In tissue sections of the biopsy, S. humicola
      was observed in the form of broad, septate, dematiaceous hyphal elements and
      thick-walled, chlamydoconidium-like cells. The cat was successfully treated with
      ketoconazole and has since shown no signs of recurrence. This is the first record
      of S. humicola being an etiologic agent of phaeohyphomycosis in a mammalian host.

PMID- 3405276
TI  - Statistical survey of 150 cases with sporotrichosis.
AB  - A survey of 150 cases with sporotrichosis seen at the Dermatological Clinic of
      Kurume University Hospital from February 1962 to October 1986 was reported. The
      proportion of cases with sporotrichosis to the total number of outpatients was
      0.17%. Greater percentage of cases fell into the less than 10 years old or more
      than 40 years old groups. The male to female ratio was 1:1.46, and 38 cases
      occurred in farmers. Geographic distribution was remarkable, especially around
      the Chikugo and Yabe river. Sixty-four cases showed the cutaneous lymphangitic
      type and 85 cases the localized cutaneous type and one case atypical type. The
      face and upper extremities were the most affected. The sporotrichin test was
      positive in 117 of 131 cases. The causative organism was demonstrated in tissue
      sections in 69% of the cases.

PMID- 3405279
TI  - House of Representatives due to decide on animal patents.

PMID- 3405278
TI  - Lipid composition and effect of amphotericin B on yeast cells of Paracoccidioides
      brasiliensis.
AB  - Yeast cells of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis strain SN, were obtained for
      analysis of lipid composition. Total lipids, phospholipids, sterols, and
      qualitative sterols and fatty acid composition were determined. Such analysis
      were made on cells cultured in the presence or absence of amphotericin B and on
      non proliferating cell suspensions exposed to the antibiotic. Marked alterations
      in lipid contents were observed in this different conditions. The major
      alterations were the reduction of total lipids, sterols, and palmitoleic acid in
      both, proliferating and non proliferating antibiotic exposed cells. The effect of
      amphotericin B was evaluated also in terms of viability and release of
      intracellular substances, at different times of exposure. The minimal inhibitory
      concentration (MIC) determined for that strain of this fungus was 0.2
      microgram/mL.

PMID- 3405277
TI  - Paracoccidioidomycosis: study of six cases with ocular involvement.
AB  - We present 6 patients with ocular involvement due to paracoccidioidomycosis. All
      cases were confirmed by the finding of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis in
      histopathological or direct mycologic examination of material from the lesion in
      the eyelid or conjunctiva. In two cases the bulbar conjunctiva was also involved,
      in another the cornea, and still another patient developed endophthalmitis. The
      presence of this mutilating disease which may lead to blindness should be
      suspected when chronic blepharitis or palpebral ulcerated papular lesions are
      detected in patients from endemic areas of paracoccidioidomycosis. This etiology
      should also be suspected in patients with anterior and posterior uveitis after
      discarding the most frequent causes of this condition.

PMID- 3405280
TI  - US faces danger in living off the fat of the land.

PMID- 3405281
TI  - Political stalemate over IVF finally broken in Australia.

PMID- 3405282
TI  - Soviet worries about nuclear safety after Chernobyl.

PMID- 3405283
TI  - Cognitive neuropsychology. Sensation and semantics.

PMID- 3405284
TI  - Protein structure. What's left out tells the story.

PMID- 3405285
TI  - Acetylcholine receptor. Genes encoding nicotinic receptor subtypes on neurons.

PMID- 3405286
TI  - Transforming and membrane proteins.

PMID- 3405287
TI  - Hydrophobic stabilization in T4 lysozyme determined directly by multiple
      substitutions of Ile 3.
AB  - Replacing the isoleucine at amino-acid position three of bacteriophage T4
      lysozyme causes changes in the thermodynamic stability of the protein that are
      directly related to the hydrophobicity of the substituted residue. Structural
      analysis confirms that the hydrophobic stabilization is proportional to the
      reduction of the surface area accessible to solvent on folding.

PMID- 3405288
TI  - Inhibitory tagging system facilitates visual search.
AB  - Two visuospatial phenomena, serial search and inhibition of return, have recently
      gained the attention of scientists from such diverse disciplines as neuroscience,
      artificial intelligence and cognitive psychology. A linear increase in search
      latency with increasing display size has been assumed to reflect serial focused
      attention to each item in the display. A delay in the detection of a signal in a
      previously attended location has been assumed to reflect an inhibitory process
      that may be used to prevent attention from returning to the same stimulus. The
      following study of human performance supports these assumptions and, by
      demonstrating that inhibition of return operates in serial search, presumably to
      improve search efficiency, provides a functional link between these two
      phenomena.

PMID- 3405289
TI  - Creatine accelerates the circadian clock in a unicellular alga.
AB  - The circadian clock is considered to be a universal feature of eucaryotic
      organisms, controlling the occurrence and rates of many different aspects of
      life, ranging from single enzymatic reactions and metabolism to complex
      behaviours such as activity and rest. Although the nature of the underlying
      cellular/biochemical oscillator is still unknown, many substances are known to
      influence either phase or period of circadian rhythms in different organisms.
      These include D2O, electrolytes and ion channel inhibitors, small organic
      molecules such as alcohols and aldehydes, inhibitors of protein synthesis and
      amino-acid analogues. Certain transmitter and neurochemical drugs also influence
      the circadian clock in higher animals. We report here that the period of free
      running circadian rhythms in the unicellular marine alga Gonyaulax polyedra is
      shortened by extracts from mammalian cells. The effect is dose-dependent,
      accelerating the circadian clock by as much as 4 hours per day. The substance
      responsible for this effect has been isolated from bovine muscle and identified
      as creatine. Authentic creatine has identical biological effects at micromolar
      concentrations and is known in animal systems for its involvement in cellular
      energy metabolism. A period shortening substance with similar chemical properties
      is also present in extracts of Gonyaulax itself.

PMID- 3405290
TI  - Extensive variation of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 in vivo.
AB  - Genotypic variation among independent isolates of human immunodeficiency virus
      type-1 (HIV-1) is well known, but its molecular basis and biological consequences
      are poorly understood. We examined the genesis of molecular variation in HIV-1 by
      sequential virus isolations from two chronically infected individuals and
      analysis of recombinant HIV-1 genomic clones. In three different virus isolates
      full-length HIV-1 clones were identified and found to consist, respectively, of
      17, 9 and 13 distinguishable, but highly-related, viral genotypes. Thirty-five
      viral clones derived from two HIV-1 isolates obtained from the same individual
      but 16 months apart showed progressive change, yet were clearly related. Similar
      changes in the HIV-1 genome did not occur in vitro during virus isolation and
      amplification. The results indicate that HIV-1 variation in vivo is rapid, that a
      remarkably large number of related but distinguishable genotypic variants evolve
      in parallel and coexist during chronic infection, and that 'isolates' of HIV-1,
      unless molecularly or biologically cloned, generally consist of complex mixtures
      of genotypically distinguishable viruses.

PMID- 3405292
TI  - New programme for neural network computers?

PMID- 3405291
TI  - More missed chances. President Ronald Reagan leaves tough decisions on AIDS to
      his successors.

PMID- 3405293
TI  - Proposed AIDS screening causes political turmoil in France.

PMID- 3405294
TI  - Rights of patients to immortalized cells.

PMID- 3405295
TI  - Evolution of plague virulence.

PMID- 3405296
TI  - Designing databases for molecular biology.

PMID- 3405297
TI  - Lod score Redivivus.

PMID- 3405298
TI  - Schistosomiasis vaccine.

PMID- 3405300
TI  - Fetal bovine serum alternatives.
AB  - With the current shortage in fetal bovine serum, researchers are turning to a
      variety of options for cell and tissue culture.

PMID- 3405299
TI  - Two chimps, too few.

PMID- 3405302
TI  - Evidence of non-reproducibility.

PMID- 3405301
TI  - Seal epidemic still spreading.

PMID- 3405303
TI  - Regulating IVF.

PMID- 3405304
TI  - German angle.

PMID- 3405305
TI  - Moratorium call.

PMID- 3405306
TI  - Controlling mRNA lifespan.

PMID- 3405307
TI  - Sequence-based phylogeny in eukaryotic genomes.

PMID- 3405308
TI  - Autoregulated instability of beta-tubulin mRNAs by recognition of the nascent
      amino terminus of beta-tubulin.
AB  - Tubulin synthesis in animal cells is controlled by an autoregulatory mechanism
      that modulates the stability of polysome-bound tubulin messenger RNAs. The beta
      tubulin RNAs are selectively targeted as substrates for destabilization not
      through the recognition of specific RNA sequences, but rather through co
      translational recognition of the amino-terminal beta-tubulin tetrapeptide after
      its emergence from the ribosome. This motif is likely to be used in other systems
      where RNA degradation is coupled to ribosome attachment and translation.

PMID- 3405309
TI  - Protein kinase C mediates neural induction in Xenopus laevis.
AB  - Inductive cell interactions are essential in early embryonic development, but
      virtually nothing is known about the molecular mechanisms involved. Recently
      factors resembling fibroblast growth factor and transforming growth factor-beta
      were shown to be involved in mesoderm induction in Xenopus laevis, suggesting
      that membrane receptor-mediated signal transduction is important in induction
      processes. Here we report direct measurements of protein kinase C (PKC) activity
      in uninduced ectoderm, and in neuroectoderm shortly after induction by the
      involuting mesoderm, in Xenopus laevis embryos. Membrane-bound PKC activity
      increased three to fourfold in the induced neuroectoderm while the cytosolic PKC
      activity was decreasing, indicating that PKC activity was translocated during
      neural induction. A similar time- and dose-dependent translocation of activity
      was seen after incubation with the PKC activator 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13
      acetate, which also induced neural tissue in competent ectoderm, suggesting that
      PKC is involved in the response to the endogenous inducing signal during neural
      induction.

PMID- 3405310
TI  - Automated chromosome analysis.

PMID- 3405311
TI  - Decomposing enzymes against human blood-group antigens in the extract of
      Nepenthes alata.

PMID- 3405312
TI  - Role of ascending and descending serotonergic pathways in the antinociceptive
      effect of baclofen.
AB  - The role of ascending and descending serotonergic pathways in the antinociceptive
      effect of baclofen was examined by lesioning specific pathways with the
      neurotoxin 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT). Antinociception in rats was
      assessed using the tail flick and hot plate tests 3/4 and 10/11 days after
      lesioning and the placement of lesions verified by analysis of serotonin (5-HT)
      in brain and spinal cord. Lesions to the ventromedial tegmentum depleted 5-HT
      selectively in brain and inhibited the antinociceptive effect of baclofen in the
      tail flick test 3/4 but not 10/11 days after lesioning. Lesions to the nucleus
      raphe medianus produced a marked depletion of 5-HT in the hippocampus and
      produced the same effect on baclofen. Lesions to the nucleus raphe dorsalis were
      less selective, depleting 5-HT in a number of brain regions and in the spinal
      cord, and inhibited the antinociceptive effect of baclofen at the later but not
      the earlier time interval. Lesions to descending pathways by microinjection of
      5,7-DHT into the ventral raphe or nucleus raphe magnus did not affect the action
      of baclofen significantly. Lesions to both ascending and descending pathways by
      intracerebroventricular 5,7-DHT increased the effect of baclofen. The hot plate
      test generally was less sensitive to these manipulations, although changes
      parallel to the tail flick test were observed in a number of instances. Both the
      destruction of 5-HT pathways and development of supersensitivity at 5-HT
      receptors may contribute to the interactions observed.

PMID- 3405314
TI  - Uptake and metabolism of 3H-(+/-)-noradrenaline in the isolated perfused rat
      liver.
AB  - The influence of inhibitors of metabolism and uptake of noradrenaline on the 3H
      noradrenaline removal from the perfusion fluid by the isolated rat liver was
      studied. Livers were perfused with 3 nmol/l 3H-noradrenaline and 3H-noradrenaline
      and 3H-metabolites were determined in effluent, liver and bile. After the
      perfusion with 14,900 +/- 920 dpm.g-1.min-1 during 90 min, cumulative removal of
      tritium was 323,574 +/- 63,103 dpm/g. 3H-metabolites recovered from the liver
      after 90 min perfusion represented 71.1 +/- 9.0% of total metabolite formation.
      Only the OMDA-fraction appeared in the perfusate; its approach to steady state of
      efflux was slow. The inhibition either of MAO or COMT changed neither the total
      removal of tritium nor the 3H-metabolites recovered from the liver. Cocaine (10
      mumol/l) reduced the accumulation of 3H-noradrenaline in the liver. The uptake2
      inhibitor corticosterone (30 mumol/l) diminished total removal of tritium and the
      3H-metabolites recovered from the liver without changing the accumulation of 3H
      noradrenaline. The hypothesis of two different compartments, one responsible for
      the metabolism and the other for the accumulation of the amine is discussed.

PMID- 3405313
TI  - Conditioned tolerance to haloperidol- and droperidol-induced catalepsy.
AB  - The possible mechanisms of conditioned tolerance to the cataleptogenic effects of
      haloperidol and droperidol were studied in order to discriminate between
      "classical" and "conditioned" tolerance. Rats were conditioned by repeated
      administration (19-27 times) of haloperidol (1.5 mg/kg i.p.) or droperidol (1.5
      mg/kg i.p.), respectively, in the presence of a sum of defined environmental
      (auditory, olfactory and tactile) stimuli. The animals were compared with
      pseudoconditioned rats, which underwent the same number of drug injections and
      exposures to the environmental stimuli, but neither were associated. In part of
      the experiments, one further group of rats was repeatedly treated with only
      solvent in the presence of the environmental stimuli. Rats conditioned with
      haloperidol or droperidol showed tolerance to the cataleptogenic effect of a test
      dose of haloperidol (1.5 mg/kg i.p.) or droperidol (1.5 mg/kg i.p.),
      respectively, when they were tested in presence of the defined conditioning
      stimuli. The rats conditioned with droperidol showed significantly less catalepsy
      than the pseudoconditioned animals 30 min after droperidol administration,
      whereas in rats conditioned with haloperidol, the catalepsy was less pronounced
      no sooner than 120 min after haloperidol administration. This was a manifestation
      of conditioned tolerance. In rats pseudoconditioned with droperidol, the
      catalepsy was similar to that produced by the drug in drug-naive rats, suggesting
      no classical tolerance due to repeated administration of the neuroleptic drug.
      The dopamine turnover in striatum or nucleus accumbens after administration of
      1.5 mg/kg of haloperidol i.p. was not altered in rats conditioned with
      haloperidol when compared with pseudoconditioned animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3405315
TI  - The uptake and O-methylation of 3H-(+/-)-isoprenaline in rat cerebral cortex
      slices.
AB  - The O-methylation and accumulation of 3H-isoprenaline in slices of the rat
      cerebral cortex were studied before and after inhibition of COMT. 1. Inhibition
      of COMT by 30 mumol/l U-0521 virtually abolished the O-methylation and increased
      the accumulation of 3H-isoprenaline; hence, there is evidence for the existence
      of a central O-methylating system (with a transport mechanism and intracellular
      COMT). 2. Experiments were carried out with selective uptake inhibitors for
      uptake1 (cocaine and desipramine) or uptake2 (corticosterone and OMI), with
      phenoxybenzamine (known to inhibit both carriers) and with changes in the ionic
      composition of the incubation medium. They revealed that the central carrier
      differed from both, uptake1 and uptake2, although exhibiting some resemblance
      with uptake2 (lack of dependence on Na+ and Cl-, sensitivity to K+ and
      phenoxybenzamine, ability to transport 3H-isoprenaline). 3. Although the central
      carrier was rather sensitive to inhibition by beta-adrenoceptor antagonists
      (propranolol, carteolol), the effect of propranolol was not stereoselective;
      hence, beta-adrenoceptors do not seem to be involved. 4. Virtually identical IC30
      values were obtained for inhibitors, when determined with or without inhibition
      of COMT. Only OMI was found to inhibit COMT as well as the central transport
      system; hence it was more potent in inhibiting the O-methylation than the
      accumulation of 3H-isoprenaline. 5. IC50-values (against initial rates of
      accumulation of 3H-isoprenaline; COMT inhibited) were determined for various
      substrates and inhibitors of peripheral uptake2. There was no correlation with
      the IC50-values determined earlier for uptake2 in rat heart (Grohmann and
      Trendelenburg 1984).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3405316
TI  - The acceleration of the extraneuronal efflux of 3H-(+/-)-isoprenaline induced by
      high extracellular potassium.
AB  - After loading of the extraneuronal tissues of the perfused rat heart with 3H
      isoprenaline the elevation of extracellular K+ concentration (from 2.7 to 15
      mmol/l) in the perfusion solution about doubled the rate constant for efflux of
      the 3H-amine. As this increase was not seen in the presence of 100 mumol/l 3-O
      methyl-isoprenaline (OMI, a potent inhibitor of the uptake2-carrier), it is
      concluded that the change in the concentration of K+ modulates OMI-sensitive
      outward transport of 3H-isoprenaline by uptake2, not the diffusional efflux of
      the amine.

PMID- 3405317
TI  - Actions of BRL 34915 (Cromakalim) upon convulsive discharges in guinea pig
      hippocampal slices.
AB  - The effects of the purported K+ channel opener BRL 34915 upon CNS neurons were
      examined in guinea pig hippocampal slices. Both the EPSP component and the
      population spike of field potentials recorded in the CA1 area were reduced in
      amplitude by BRL 34915 (EC50 about 100 mumol/l). In the same concentration range,
      BRL 34915 also slowed down the bursting rate of pacemaker neurons in the CA3
      region. In order to test a possible anticonvulsant efficacy of the drug, the
      excitability of hippocampal neurons was increased experimentally by changing the
      ionic composition of the perfusion medium (omission of Ca2+ or Mg2+, elevation of
      K+). In all three conditions, epileptiform neuronal activity occurred, which was
      depressed by BRL 34915. The similarity of the effects of BRL 34915 in normal and
      convulsive slices indicates that the compound acts upon intrinsic nonsynaptic
      processes controlling neuronal excitability and cell firing.

PMID- 3405318
TI  - Analysis of the hyperpolarizing effects of forskolin in guinea-pig atrial heart
      muscle.
AB  - The effects of forskolin on action potential configuration and on both uptake and
      efflux of 86Rb+ were studied in guinea-pig left atria. The action potential was
      prolonged by forskolin in the plateau range but shortened at the end of
      repolarization; maximal upstroke velocity and amplitude of slow response
      potentials were enhanced. In partially depolarized preparations, the resting
      potential was increased by forskolin; this effect was not prevented by atropine 1
      mumol/l. Forskolin augmented the rate constant of 86Rb+ efflux in beating and in
      resting preparations. The uptake of 86Rb+ was enhanced by forskolin in resting
      preparations. It is concluded that forskolin stimulates the Na+,K+-pump and
      activates a background potassium conductance. Both effects may account for the
      shortening effect of the drug on the action potential and the increase in resting
      potential seen in partially depolarized preparations.

PMID- 3405319
TI  - The inhibitory effects of the novel calcium antagonist Goe 5438 on calcium
      dependent processes of excitation and contraction of single cardiomyocytes.
AB  - The calcium-antagonistic properties of the novel compound Goe 5438 have been
      studied in single cardiomyocytes from embryonic (chicken) and adult (guinea-pig)
      ventricles, in part in comparison with the inhibitory effects of the 1,4
      dihydropyridine calcium antagonist nimodipine. Both substances block spontaneous
      action potentials and contractions of embryonic heart cells at about 0.1 mumol/l.
      In collagenase-dispersed ventricular cardiomyocytes of guinea-pigs,
      stereospecific inhibition of the slow calcium current (ICa) by Goe 5438 was
      observed at 10 mumol/l by means of voltage-clamp experiments. The (+)-enantiomer
      of Goe 5438 elicited a stronger inhibition of the slow inward current than the (
      )-enantiomer. The frequency dependence of the inhibitory effect of Goe 5438 as
      well as that of nimodipine could be shown to be negligible in measurements of ICa
      and contractions, whereas the inhibitory influence of verapamil, verified in the
      same experimental arrangement, exhibited a distinct frequency dependence. With
      respect to a possible potential dependence of the inhibitory effect of Goe 5438
      and nimodipine, it could be shown that a hyperpolarization during the course of
      application of either calcium antagonist produced recovery of the calcium
      dependent excitation neither in adult nor in embryonic cells. In adult
      cardiomyocytes, the dependence of ICa on the membrane potential was not altered
      by Goe 5438. It is concluded that the mode of action of Goe 5438 resembles that
      of 1,4-dihydropyridine calcium antagonists.

PMID- 3405322
TI  - An interview with AHA's Carol McCarthy: new directions for the future. Interview
      by Hurdis Griffith.

PMID- 3405323
TI  - Coalition building between medicine and nursing.

PMID- 3405321
TI  - Greater vasodepressor sensitivity to nicardipine in spontaneously hypertensive
      rats (SHR) compared to normotensive rats.
AB  - Differences in the degree of attenuation by the calcium entry blocker,
      nicardipine, of the pressor responses to alpha-1 (phenylephrine) and alpha-2 (UK
      14.304) adrenoceptor agonists was investigated in pentobarbital-anesthetized,
      normotensive Sprague-Dawley (SD) or Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats, and spontaneously
      hypertensive rats (SHR), treated with the ganglionic blocking agent, pentolinium.
      Following administration of the ganglionic blocking agent, pentolinium,
      nicardipine produced a significant fall in blood pressure in SHR but not in SD or
      WKY rats. Nicardipine had no effect on the basal blood pressure of pithed SHR. In
      rats treated with the ganglionic blocking agent, pentolinium, nicardipine
      produced parallel shifts to the right in the dose-response curves for
      phenylephrine but had no effect on maximal responses to phenylephrine. The
      decrease in the ED50 of phenylephrine was greater in the SHR than in normotensive
      rats. Nicardipine produced a decrease in both the ED50 and the maximal response
      to the alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonist, UK 14.304. The decrease in the maximal
      response was greater in SHR than in WKY normotensive rats but the change in ED50
      for UK 14.304 was greater in WKY than in SHR. SD normotensive rats gave
      intermediate results. We conclude that the inhibition of alpha-adrenoceptor
      mediated pressor responses by nicardipine is generally more pronounced in SHR
      than in normotensive rats. This suggests that hypertension may be accompanied by
      an increase in the sensitivity of peripheral resistance beds to calcium entry
      blockers.

PMID- 3405324
TI  - Nursing leaders vow to fight AMA proposal on RCTs.

PMID- 3405320
TI  - Restoration of renal and mesenteric hemodynamics by felodipine in a canine model
      of hemorrhagic shock.
AB  - The effects of felodipine, a dihydropyridine vasodilator, were investigated in a
      canine model of hemorrhagic shock. Mongrel dogs were anesthetized with sodium
      pentobarbital and subjected to hemorrhagic shock by allowing the animals to bleed
      into a reservoir. After maintaining the hypotensive state (mean blood pressure:
      40-60 mm Hg) for a period of 150 min, the blood was reinfused and the recovery of
      the various parameters were monitored for an additional 120 min. These studies
      were conducted in three different groups of dogs: A) controls, B) felodipine,
      0.01 mumol/kg i.v., was administered before reinfusion of the blood and C)
      felodipine, 0.01 mumol/kg i.v., was administered prior to hemorrhage. In all the
      three groups, arterial blood pressure returned essentially to pre-hemorrhage
      levels following reinfusion; in the groups A and B, there was about 80% recovery
      of the cardiac output, whereas in the group C cardiac output returned completely
      to the basal values. During the hemorrhagic hypotension, renal and mesenteric
      blood flows fell to 10-40% of the basal values in all the three groups. In the
      control group A, there was only 40 to 45% recovery in the renal and mesenteric
      flows after reinfusion indicating sustained vasoconstriction in these vascular
      beds. Felodipine administration before reinfusion (group B), resulted in 70% to
      90% recovery in the renal and mesenteric flows after reinfusion. In the group C
      (felodipine before hemorrhage) there was 85% recovery in the renal flow and 100%
      in the mesenteric blood flow after reinfusion. The observations made in this
      study suggest that felodipine, an arteriolar dilator, may be clinically useful in
      restoring organ blood flows which are seriously compromised during the
      hemorrhagic shock.

PMID- 3405325
TI  - Managing transition: resigning with style from the nurse manager position.

PMID- 3405327
TI  - [A historical scandal].

PMID- 3405326
TI  - [The physician and the yellow girl].

PMID- 3405328
TI  - [Unusual roentgenological pictures in lung sarcoidosis].

PMID- 3405329
TI  - [Joint symptoms following tick bite; Lyme arthritis in The Netherlands].

PMID- 3405331
TI  - [Necrotizing fasciitis].

PMID- 3405330
TI  - [Prevention of congenital toxoplasmosis].

PMID- 3405332
TI  - [The sprained ankle].

PMID- 3405333
TI  - [Running, temperature and hydration].

PMID- 3405334
TI  - Transnitrosating activity of N-nitroso-N-methyl-p-toluenesulfonamide in rats and
      human gastric juice.
AB  - N-nitroso-N-methyl-p-toluenesulfonamide (NMTS, diazald, CAS 80-11-5) is a widely
      used compound for laboratory production of diazomethane. The present results
      showed that the noncarcinogenic NMTS reacts as a transnitrosating agent with
      amino nitrogen of secondary amines and amide both in vitro (human gastric juice)
      and in vivo (rats) to yield N-nitroso compounds. Since all compounds formed
      (NMOR, NDMA, NPIP, NPZ, NMU) are known animal carcinogens, caution should be
      taken by users handling NMTS.

PMID- 3405335
TI  - Activated fos oncogene in rat embryo fibroblasts transformed by ras and myc
      oncogenes.
AB  - Rat embryo fibroblasts (REF) were transformed by simultaneous gene transfer of
      the complementary oncogenes ras and myc using the calcium phosphate
      coprecipitation method. Cell lines derived from transformation foci expressed in
      addition to ras and myc cellular oncogene fos while normal REF did not express
      ras, myc and fos according to the hybridization methods used. The transformed
      cell lines produced colonies in soft agar and tumors in newborn syngeneic rats.
      From one tumor a cell line was established which was characterized by a high
      level of fos gene expression.

PMID- 3405337
TI  - Prognostic significance of vascular density and a malignancy grading in radiation
      treated uterine cervix carcinoma.
AB  - In a retrospective study of 95 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the
      uterine cervix (Stage IB, IIA, III) treated by radiation only, pretreatment
      biopsy material was used for assessment of the prognostic value of
      histopathological multifactorial malignancy grading and a morphometric estimation
      of vascular density in stroma. By comparison of the two systems, vascular density
      has been proved superior to malignancy grading with respect to prognostic value.

PMID- 3405336
TI  - Factor X-activating activity from Guerin epithelioma.
AB  - The procoagulant activity (PCA) was examined in extracts from primary tumor and
      metastases of experimental Guerin epithelioma transplanted into Wistar rats. PCA
      was evaluated by measurement of the level of activation of coagulation factor X
      using specific chromogenic substrate S-2222. We observed that extracts from both
      primary tumor and metastases were able to activate factor X in vitro. This
      activity was not factor VII-dependent, it was inhibited by phenylmethylsulfonyl
      fluoride (PMSF) and mercuric chloride, and in a smaller degree by p
      chloromercuric benzoate (p-CMB) and iodoacetic acid (IAA). No difference between
      procoagulant activity in extracts from primary tumor and from metastases was
      observed.

PMID- 3405338
TI  - Quantification of histoautoradiographic evidence of DNA repair synthesis in the
      liver.
AB  - Histoautoradiography was used to detect dimethylnitrosamine-induced 3H-thymidine
      incorporation in vivo into G phase hepatocytes. A description of the standard
      procedure for counting the grains as well as the mode of mathematical evaluation
      is presented. The results exhibited higher sensitivity than those in the
      investigation of the DNA repair synthesis by means of a scintillation counter
      using the method of detection of hydroxyurea-resistant incorporation of 3H
      thymidine. Thus it was possible to simplify the investigation by lowering the
      number of evaluated cells. A suitable compromise between precision and
      laboriousness will probably be achieved by counting 20 hepatocytes per animal. In
      case that there are striking differences between the experimental and the control
      group, a qualitative conclusion may be drawn even without counting the grains.

PMID- 3405339
TI  - Quality control study of estradiol and progesterone receptor determination.
AB  - Lyophilized calf uterine tissue cytosol standards for estradiol receptor (ER) and
      progesterone receptor (PR), and freeze-dried tissue powders for PR determination
      were prepared. For the ER assay 4 standards were produced with no, low, medium,
      and high ER levels. The ER binding capacities (mean +/- SD) were low--261 +/- 46
      (Brno) and 221 +/- 64 (Budapest), medium--451 +/- 100 and 340 +/- 59, high--712
      +/- 139 and 581 +/- 102 fmol/mg protein, respectively. Two receptor-positive
      tissue powders and two positive cytosol standards in lyophilized form were used
      for the PR assay with receptor contents of 110, 148, 787, and 786 fmol/mg assayed
      in Brno, and 148, 250, 693, and 671 fmol/mg protein determined in Budapest. The
      stability of the standards was good for 10 months. All parameters tested in the
      two laboratories (specific binding capacities, Kd values, variation coefficients
      of the results) were in good correlation. Lyophilized calf uterine cytosol
      standards for ER and PR, and freeze-dried tissue powders for PR proved to be
      suitable materials for interlaboratory quality control of steroid receptor
      determination.

PMID- 3405340
TI  - Induction of tumor associated macrophage-mediated lysis of autologous tumor cells
      by lectins.
AB  - Lectin dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (LDCC) to autologous tumor cells
      (ATC) by the tumor associated macrophages (TAM) was studied by 4 h 51Cr release
      assays at early and late stages of growth of a murine transplantable ascites
      tumor, S-180, in presence of different concentrations of wheat germ agglutinin
      (WGA) and Concanavalin A (Con A). Induction of LDCC by the unstimulated resident
      macrophages (RM) to S-180 tumor cells was also assayed. Both WGA and Con A
      induced significant tumoricidal activity in the TAM at different states of
      activation and in RM in a dose-dependent manner, the activated TAM showing
      expression of cytotoxicity with the lowest doses of the lectins used. Addition of
      N-acetylglucosamine (NAcGle) or D-mannose (D-man) in the assay completely
      inhibited LDCC induced by WGA and Con A, respectively. Effector-target contact
      alone not sufficient for inducing lysis in LDCC was evident from the observations
      that low doses of the lectins augmented target binding by the inactivated TAM and
      RM with no subsequent cytolysis.

PMID- 3405341
TI  - The use of protein as a carrier of methotrexate for experimental cancer
      chemotherapy. III. Human serum albumin-methotrexate derivative, its preparation
      and basic testing.
AB  - The preparation and a more detailed characterization of human serum albumin
      methotrexate derivative (HSA-MTX) is described. The synthesis of the derivative
      was performed by means of 1-ethyl-3-(3'-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide (in
      methoiodide form) (WSC). Results of many experiments showed that, on the average,
      about 26 molecules of methotrexate (MTX) were coupled to one molecule of human
      serum albumin (HSA). The relative molecular weight of the formed derivative was
      estimated by gel chromatography on Sepharose 6B or on high-pressure liquid
      chromatography (HPLC) on SWK column, respectively. From the obtained data it
      follows that a considerable part of the HSA-MTX derivative formed protein-protein
      conjugate (up to about 4 X Mr HSA), nevertheless the derivative retains its good
      solubility as a native albumin. In order to eliminate the possibility of
      influencing the cytostatic activity of the derivative with byproducts of its
      synthesis, human serum albumin-folic acid derivative (HSA-FA) was prepared and
      tested by the same method. All demonstrated experiments proved that MTX was the
      only compound possessing the cytostatic activity. During the experimental therapy
      of Gardner lymphosarcoma (LSG) the following was found: (1) The intratumorous
      application of the drug was the most effective way of administration. (2) Any
      type of administration of the HSA-MTX derivative exerted a better effect than the
      same way of administration of free MTX. (3) The comparison of two (repeated)
      administrations of both drugs showed clearly that the HSA-MTX derivative was more
      efficient than free MTX. After HSA-MTX derivative treatment all animals survived
      without tumor. (4) For the estimation of the toxicity of the HSA-MTX derivative,
      three times and five times repeated intraperitoneal administration was performed.
      It was concluded that although the derivative was more toxic than free MTX, its
      therapeutic activity was better. After the elimination of the toxic manifestation
      of the HSA-MTX derivative by a suitable arrangement of drug doses, five times
      higher efficacy of the derivative was reached, as compared with free MTX. (5) The
      therapy by the HSA-FA derivative did not exhibit any therapeutic effect. The
      reason why HSA was used as a macromolecular carrier for cytostatics is discussed.

PMID- 3405342
TI  - The use of protein as a carrier of methotrexate for experimental cancer
      chemotherapy. IV. Therapy of murine melanoma B16 by human serum albumin
      methotrexate derivative.
AB  - The influence of methotrexate bound to human serum albumin (HSA-MTX) and of free
      methotrexate (MTX) on B16 melanoma growth, dissemination and survival time of
      tumor-bearing animals was investigated. It was found that the growth of tumor was
      slower after therapy with the HSA-MTX derivative than after free MTX treatment.
      The reduction in tumor size recorded on day 21 after tumor transplantation was
      more significantly pronounced after HSA-MTX derivative therapy than in case of
      free MTX treatment. Contrary to our expectation there was no proportional
      difference in life span prolongation after therapy with these drugs. Comparing
      metastatic dissemination, the number and size of pulmonary metastatic colonies
      after HSA-MTX administration was more significantly reduced than after free MTX
      therapy.

PMID- 3405343
TI  - Combined treatment including postoperative chemotherapy in lung cancer patients.
AB  - The results of a cooperative randomized study performed in Poland, Bulgaria,
      Czechoslovakia, Hungary, and the Soviet Union on the treatment of lung cancer
      patients are presented. Three hundred and sixty patients were treated only
      surgically, 360 patients received combined therapy. Adjuvant chemotherapy was
      performed using 3 preparations (cyclophosphane, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil)
      within 2-3 weeks after operation (first course) followed by another 3 courses at
      intervals of 8-9 weeks. The combined therapy increased the 5-year survival rate
      of patients with Stage III squamous cell carcinoma with thoracic lymph node
      metastases. Better results were achieved when 3-4 courses of adjuvant
      chemotherapy were performed. In patients with Stage I-II squamous cell carcinoma
      of the lung without regional lymph node metastases the used regimen of combined
      therapy had no significant effect.

PMID- 3405344
TI  - [Diagnosis of idiopathic so-called normal pressure hydrocephalus. Data from
      clinical findings, computerized tomography and epidural pressure measurement].

PMID- 3405345
TI  - [Diagnostic value of the determination of creatine kinase activity and serum
      myoglobin concentration following graduated muscle stress].

PMID- 3405346
TI  - [Polyneuropathies following administration of tetanus toxoid].
AB  - Two cases are reported: one with an asymmetric polyneuropathy involving the left
      lower extremity, the other with a generalised chronic relapsing-remitting
      demyelinating polyneuropathy, hitherto not described in this context. The
      findings are discussed with regard to the relevant literature.

PMID- 3405347
TI  - [Indications and technics in home ventilation. Exemplified by the course of
      amyotrophic lateral sclerosis].

PMID- 3405348
TI  - [Can the activity of the disease process in multiple sclerosis be followed by
      computerized tomography?].

PMID- 3405349
TI  - [Progressive cerebellar ataxia with cerebral seizures and dementia in vascular
      hypoplasias in the areal of the vertebrobasilar blood supply].

PMID- 3405350
TI  - [Cerebral tuberculoma in pregnancy].
AB  - Intracranial tuberculomas today are rare in industrialized countries. We report
      the case of a 29 year old female German patient who in the sixth month of her
      pregnancy presented with epilepsy and mild hemiparesis. Cranial CT showed a
      parietal contrast-enhancing lesion. Mediastinal tuberculosis was confirmed by
      biopsy. Both the mediastinal and the cerebral lesion together with the
      neurological signs resolved under therapy with antituberculous drugs, and the
      patient gave birth to a healthy child.

PMID- 3405351
TI  - [Disorders of micturition in multiple sclerosis].

PMID- 3405353
TI  - [Neurologic symptoms in inhalation poisoning with metallic mercury].
AB  - Nineteen caisson workers had been exposed to metallic mercury vapours while
      digging tubes underneath the first district of Vienna (exposure between 470 and
      2440 min; mean 1621 min). The blood mercury values on admission were between 29
      and 166 micrograms/l (mean 75 +/- 34 micrograms/l). The main findings reported
      are clinical neurologic symptoms, psychic complaints, neurographic results and
      autonomic parameters (cardiovascular reflexes): 47% complained of headache and
      tiredness, 37% showed tremor and suffered from sleep disturbances, 26% showed
      hypersalivation, 16% changes in handwriting, and 11% slight dysarthria. The
      cardiovascular reflexes (autonomic parameters) were abnormal in 7 of 12 patients.
      On neurography the distal latency (median nerve) was pathologic in 47%, the
      distal latency (peroneal nerve) was pathologic in 26%, the antidromic sensory
      nerve conduction velocity (median nerve) was abnormal in 10%, the motor nerve
      conduction velocity, compound amplitude and vibratory threshold were normal.

PMID- 3405354
TI  - [Early or late operation on the ruptured aneurysm? An analysis based on 356
      cases].
AB  - From January 1979 to December 1985 356 patients underwent microsurgery for a
      ruptured intracranial aneurysm. 150 patients (42%) were operated on early, i.e.
      within 72 hours after subarachnoidal haemorrhage. 206 (58%) were operated on
      after this period. Both groups of patients were compared with one another in
      respect of preoperative staging (Hunt and Hess), localisation of the aneurysm,
      postoperative recovery (Glasgow-Outcome-Scale) and frequency of recurrent
      haemorrhages. 48% of the patients who were operated on early were preoperatively
      in stages I and II, 32% in stage III and 20% in stages IV and V. In the group of
      patients who were operated on late, 64.6% were in stages I and II, 17.5% in stage
      III and 17.9% in stages IV and V. 72.5% of the patients receiving early surgery
      in stages I to II showed a positive postoperative result (grades I and II of the
      Glasgow-Outcome-Scale = GOS) compared against 80.5% of those undergoing late
      surgery. 9.2% or 3.5% survived with considerable neurological deficits (GOS III).
      18.3% or 15.4%, respectively, remained in the vegetative stage or died (GOS IV
      and V). A satisfactory postoperative result was obtained even in patients
      subjected to surgery in stages IV and V, in the following proportions: 40% if
      operated on early, and 48.6% if operated on late (GOS I and II). Aneurysms of the
      anterior communicating artery were most frequent, followed by aneurysms of the
      internal carotid artery and the middle cerebral artery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3405352
TI  - [Spinal claudication caused by thoracic intervertebral disk displacement].
AB  - We report a case of a 53 year old man with spinal claudication caused by a medial
      disc prolapse at the 11/12 thoracic intervertebral space. The disc prolapse was
      successfully removed via posterolateral approach.

PMID- 3405355
TI  - [Traumatic infraclinoid aneurysms].
AB  - Traumatic infraclinoidal aneurysms of the internal carotid artery are rare. They
      can occur after craniocerebral lesions and can lead to life-threatening
      haemorrhages from the nasopharyngeal space. Frequently it may take months after
      the accident before the patient experiences single or repeated rupture bleeding
      and is referred to acute treatment in an ENT ward. Angiography can confirm the
      diagnosis and is mandatory to clarify the question of collateral flow in cerebral
      circulation. In case of local inoperability combined with the need for a ligature
      of the internal carotid artery, the protective application of an extra
      intracranial microvascular anastomosis is an improved safeguard against
      postoperative deficits. During the past five years five patients suffering from
      an infraclinoidal aneurysm of the carotid artery have been operated on
      successfully in this manner. Two of these patients suffered from a traumatic
      aneurysm; these two case reports are presented.

PMID- 3405356
TI  - [Aneurysms as a rare cause of chronic subdural hematomas].
AB  - Chronic subdural haematomas are nowadays usually diagnosed via computed
      tomography. Followups are also by this method. It is therefore inevitable that
      aneurysms or other vascular malformations are overlooked as rare but important
      causes of such haematomas. If anamnesis, findings and course are atypical, it is
      recommended to attempt additional angiographic clarification at least in such
      cases.

PMID- 3405357
TI  - Acute spinal subdural haematoma.
AB  - A 55-year-old female was brought to our out-patient clinic with an initially
      ascending, acute hemiplegia. The following descending myelography and CT scan
      disclosed a mass lesion at C6-D4. The acute spinal subarachnoidal haemorrhage
      found at operation, its genesis, diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation are
      discussed.

PMID- 3405358
TI  - [Reconstruction of the anterior face of the base of the skull using coral
      grafts].
AB  - Following experimental investigations on animals, small coral grafts have been
      utilized on patients since 1985 to fill in burr holes (42 patients). This first
      clinical experimental step has been satisfactory. Therefore, blocks of corals
      have since then been used as bone graft substitutes for anterior skull basis
      reconstruction (12 patients). Cheap and easily sterilized, coral implants have
      the advantage of being inert (99% of calcium carbonate), biodegradable and well
      reossified. They shorten surgical procedures by avoiding the use of iliac and/or
      costal grafts. No infectious complications have been noted.

PMID- 3405359
TI  - [Extra-intracranial shunts by venous grafts interposed on the carotid system].
AB  - Patients with occlusive arterial diseases, tumors invading the vascular
      structures of the skull base or giant aneurysms may benefit from an EICB. Most of
      the time this can be achieved using a scalp artery. But in cases of a thrombotic
      ECA, excessively short or thin scalp branches or destruction of those by prior
      cranial surgery, an interposed venous graft is needed. In the author's series,
      which consists of 16 patients, the bypass was performed for ICA occlusive
      diseases in 5, before complete removal of cavernous sinus tumours in 4 and prior
      to cervical internal carotid ligation for giant aneurysms in 7. The grafts were
      always harvested from the internal saphenous vein. The proximal site of
      implantation was CCA (2 cases), ECA (6 cases), ICA (1 case), superior thyroid A
      (2 cases)--i.e. 11 long grafts--and the trunk of the occipital A--i.e. short
      grafts in 5 cases. In this series, there was no mortality and no morbidity
      related to revascularization. The early patency rate, checked with arteriography,
      was 62.5% (10 cases) and the late one 56.2% (9 cases). Causes of failure,
      partially related to technical difficulties in 2 cases, were almost always due to
      an insufficient extra-intracranial pressure gradient (4 cases). Excepted in one
      case, there was no correlation between patency and the use or not of anti
      aggregant and/or heparin. Literature data are summarized and discussed. They all
      confirm the importance--besides the absence of technical errors--of a sufficient
      extra-intracranial gradient for obtaining a good patency rate.

PMID- 3405360
TI  - [Cervical Pott's disease. Technical considerations apropos of a surgically
      treated case].
AB  - The authors report one case of cervical Pott's disease located in C5 and
      associated with neurological disorders. Following corrections of the spinal
      disaxation, they advocate a per priman posterior fixation which will ensure
      spinal stability. This will be followed secondarily by an operation through an
      anterior approach.

PMID- 3405361
TI  - [Paralysis of the 3d cranial nerve caused by a megadolicho-basilar artery].
AB  - The authors report on one patient with palsy of left third cranial nerve. An
      angiographic study and C.T. show a megadolicho-basilar and an ectasia of the left
      middle cerebral artery in its M1 tract. The patient had a positivity of the
      T.P.H.A. test without clinic evidence of the syphilis in the anamnesis. In the
      discussion the authors, then, explain the elements that support the hypothesis of
      the pathogenic correlation between the luetic infection and the morphological
      arterial alterations of the patient. At last the authors summarize the clinical
      signs than more frequently had been found in the cases of megadolicho-basilar
      described in the literature.

PMID- 3405363
TI  - Case-control study of associated conditions at the time of death in patients with
      epilepsy.
AB  - Analysis of mortality data based on underlying cause of death in epileptic
      patients is of limited value in view of the low case-fatality ratio of epilepsy.
      Recently the National Center for Health Statistics has made available all
      conditions mentioned on each death certificate for the entire US population.
      Using a case-control study design, we have analyzed all the associated conditions
      at the time of death in patients with epilepsy for the year 1978. Association
      between epilepsy and the following conditions reached statistical significance:
      mental retardation, cerebral palsy, cerebrovascular disease, myocardial ischemia,
      dementia, foreign body in pharynx and larynx, pneumonia, alcoholism and cirrhosis
      of liver. Early recognition and proper management of some of these factors could
      significantly reduce the mortality and morbidity in epileptic patients.

PMID- 3405362
TI  - [Percutaneous surgery of the dorsolumbar disks].
AB  - The authors report a new technique for percutaneous surgery of thoraco-lumbar
      discs. It allows nucleotomy or intersomatic grafting. This extra-articular
      posterolateral approach is performed under fluoroscopic monitoring by using a
      Kirschner's wire and some specific co-axial tubes. Scanographic polar coordinates
      are most suitable for valuable locating of thoracic discs and performing of
      technique. Indications and limits of the method are discussed with preliminary
      results obtained with the first 19 cases.

PMID- 3405365
TI  - Further evidence in support of the hypothesis that one cause of multiple
      sclerosis is childhood infection.
AB  - Consideration is given to: (1) the multiple sclerosis (MS) incidence rate in
      dizygotic (DZ) twins, (2) the DZ twin concordance rate in MS, (3) MS and birth
      order and (4) MS rates on islands. All four sorts of data are consistent with
      (indeed would be predicted by) the hypothesis that MS is a sequel of late (rather
      than early) exposure to childhood infection.

PMID- 3405364
TI  - Sociogeographic factors and multiple sclerosis--an ecological study in 6 European
      countries.
AB  - The pattern of the multiple sclerosis (MS) risk in Norway, Denmark, Sweden,
      Switzerland, Finland and Holland, as reported in previous studies, was compared
      with the distribution of several sociogeographic factors. For none of the
      variables tested did an association with MS exist in all of these countries. A
      correlation in more than one country was found for the proportion of industrial
      workers in the total population and for the extent of oat cultivation. Arguments
      against a causal role of these factors as such exist, however, and are discussed.
      For a number of other variables that might be implicated in the context of prior
      findings or suggestions either no or only an inconsistent association with MS was
      found.

PMID- 3405366
TI  - Head injuries during one year in a central hospital in Norway: a prospective
      study. Epidemiologic features.
AB  - Annual age-adjusted incidence rate of head injuries in Akershus County in 1974
      was estimated to be 236/100,000, 307/100,000 for males and 164/100,000 for
      females. The highest incidence rate occurred in males in the age group 10-19
      years (489/100,000) and the lowest among females in the age group 30-39
      (68/100,000). In all age groups, the incidence rate was higher in males than
      females. This prospective study included 488 patients, of whom 88.9% had minor
      head injuries and 11.1% severe head injuries. 16 patients (3.3%) died due to
      their head trauma. Skull fracture was detected in 10.4% of the patients who
      survived the first 24 h, and 2.5% had operations. The mean hospital stay was 8.8
      days, 10.2 days for the patients injured in traffic accidents and 7.0 days for
      the others. Besides having a higher incidence rate of head injuries, males
      suffered severe head injuries more often and their death rate was higher than
      head-injured females.

PMID- 3405367
TI  - Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: an epidemiological study in the Province of
      Messina, Italy, 1976-1985.
AB  - An epidemiological investigation of 41 subjects with amyotrophic lateral
      sclerosis observed in the Province of Messina during 1976-1985 was performed. The
      incidence was 0.61/100,000 and the prevalence 2.48/100,000 inhabitants. The
      illness was found to be prevalent in males. The atrophic type occurred in 17
      subjects, the bulbar type in 23 cases and the pseudo-polyneuritic form in only
      one patient. The mean age on the onset was 57.29 +/- 10.55 years. The duration of
      the illness was significantly higher in patients with atrophic type (p less than
      0.01). No significant difference between occupation and development of the
      disease was found. Among all patients 12.19% presented evidence of trauma, but
      traumatic events were equally present in a control group.

PMID- 3405368
TI  - Descriptive epidemiology of some rare neurological diseases in Benghazi, Libya.
AB  - During a 4-year study period, January 1983 to December 1986, 24 patients (18
      index cases) with spinal muscular atrophy (hereditary motor neuropathy, HMN), 9
      with myasthenia gravis (MG), 6 with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and 5
      with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) were diagnosed in Benghazi. The
      HMN group comprised 6 acute infantile, 12 chronic childhood, and 3 each with
      adult-onset proximal, and distal forms of the disease. The crude average annual
      incidence of acute infantile HMN was 0.3/100,000 total population and 1/12,500
      births in Benghazi. The crude prevalence rates of chronic childhood, adult-onset
      proximal, and distal types of HMN were 2.3, 0.6 and 0.6/100,000, respectively.
      The larger family size and the high rate of consanguineous marriages contribute
      to the high frequency of HMN in the study area. Distal HMN constituted 12.5% of
      the total cases. The adjusted average incidence of MG was 4.4/million/year, 2.1
      for males and 6.8 for females. The female:male incidence ratio was 3.2:1. The
      crude average annual incidence rates/million inhabitants for PSP asnd SSPE were 3
      and 2.4, respectively. The frequency of occurrence of SSPE among the subtropical
      Arab community under investigation is comparable with other surveys from the
      Middle East and Mediterranean region.

PMID- 3405369
TI  - Effect of atropine and gammahydroxybutyrate on ischemically induced changes in
      the level of radioactivity in [3H]inositol phosphates in gerbil brain in vivo.
AB  - Brain ischemia in gerbils was induced by ligation of both common carotid arteries
      for 1 min or 10 min. Sham-operated animals served as controls. Intracerebral
      injection of [3H]inositol into gerbil brain 16 hr before ischemic insult resulted
      in equilibration of the label between inositol lipids and water-soluble inositol
      phosphate. A short ischemic period (1 min) resulted in a statistically
      significant increase in the radioactivity of inositol triphosphate (IP3) and
      inositol monophosphate (IP), by about 48% and 79%, respectively, with little
      change in that of the intermediate inositol biphosphate (IP2), which increased by
      about 16%. When the ischemic period was prolonged (10 min), an increase in the
      radioactivity of inositol monophosphate exclusively, by about 84%, was observed.
      The level of radioactivity in inositol phosphates IP2 and IP3 decreased by about
      50%, probably as a consequence of phosphatase activation by the ischemic insult.
      The agonist of the cholinergic receptor, carbachol, injected intracerebrally (40
      micrograms per animal) increased accumulation of radioactivity in all inositol
      phosphates. The level of radioactivity in IP3, IP2, and IP was elevated by about
      40, 23, and 147%, respectively. The muscarinic cholinergic antagonist, atropine,
      injected intraperitoneally in doses of 100 mg/kg body wt. depressed
      phosphoinositide metabolism in control animals. The level of radioactivity in
      water-soluble inositol metabolites in the brain of animals pretreated with
      atropine was evidently about 32% lower than in untreated animals. Pretreatment
      with atropine decreased the radioactivity of all inositol phosphates in the brain
      of animals subjected to 1-min ischemia and the radioactivity of IP in the case of
      10-min brain ischemia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3405371
TI  - Structure-binding relationship of quinuclidinyl benzilate analogs on N4TG1
      neuroblastoma muscarinic receptors.
AB  - By Scatchard plot analysis of [3H]QNB (quinuclidinyl benzilate) binding, there
      are 2 x 10(5) muscarinic sites/cell with a KD about 10 nM in N4TG1 neuroblastoma
      cells. We have now examined a group of compounds structurally related to aprophen
      and QNB for their ability to compete with the binding of QNB to the muscarini
      receptor. Using this structure-inhibition relationship, the functional groups of
      the muscarinic ligand necessary for binding were partially characterized. It was
      found that the quinuclidinyl ring structure of QNB can be substituted by either
      alkane, H, or pyrrolidine at the N without loosing their ability to bind. The
      addition to the quinuclidinyl ring increases the bulk of the structure and
      decreases binding. Like the benzilate in QNB, a similar hydrophobic structure is
      apparently required for the binding.

PMID- 3405370
TI  - Isolation and characterization of axolemma-enriched fractions from discrete areas
      of bovine CNS.
AB  - Myelinated axons were isolated by flotation from bovine pons, middle cerebellar
      peduncle, cervical spinal cord and three regions of the subcortical white matter.
      The myelinated axons were osmotically and mechanically shocked, followed by
      fractionation on a linear 15% sucrose to 45% sucrose density gradient. Axolemma
      enriched fractions (AEF) found in the 28% to 32% sucrose region of the gradient
      from brainstem and cord white matter had high acetylcholinesterase (AChE) while
      little or nil AChE activity was found in corresponding AEF derived from the
      subcortical white matter. Morphologically, the subcortical white matter from all
      regions contained a heterogeneous population of well-myelinated to thinly
      myelinated axons, while brainstem and cord regions contained a more homogeneous
      population of well-myelinated axons. Histochemical analysis of AChE localized
      this enzyme to axonal elements. The AEF derived from any white matter source had
      similar polypeptide compositions. AEF derived from subcortical white matter
      contained two-fold more myelin basic protein and a three-fold greater content of
      2' 3' cyclic nucleotide 3' phosphodiesterase (CNP) compared with AEF derived from
      well myelinated white matter. We conclude that the purity of the AEF is related
      to the degree of myelination of the white matter from which the AEF is derived.
      Homogeneously well myelinated white matter (pons, cerebellar peduncle, cervical
      spinal cord) yields the highest purity AEF, as judged by the low CNP and myelin
      basic protein content and highest enrichment in AChE specific activity.

PMID- 3405372
TI  - Cellular immune reactions and blood cerebrospinal fluid barrier dysfunction in
      guinea pigs.
AB  - Both young and adult strain 13 guinea pigs have been treated with complete
      Freund's adjuvant (CFA). In young animals CFA induced an increase in the
      lymphocyte cell count in blood and a reversible blood CSF barrier impairment.
      Both these effects could be suppressed by the immunosuppressant drug Cyclosporin
      A. In contrast to the young animals treatment with CFA in adult strain 13 guinea
      pigs influenced neither the lymphocyte cell count nor blood CSF barrier function.
      In young and adult CFA-treated animals the number of polymorphonuclear cells in
      blood were increased and this increase was not reversed by Cyclosporin A. We
      discuss the influence of a systemic immune stimulation and suppression on blood
      CSF barrier function for proteins and its relevance to the pathogenesis of
      inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system.

PMID- 3405374
TI  - Axonal transport of proteoglycans to the goldfish optic tectum.
AB  - The study addressed the question of whether 35SO4 labeled molecules that have
      been delivered to the goldfish optic nerve terminals by rapid axonal transport
      include soluble proteoglycans. For analysis, tectal homogenates were
      subfractionated into a soluble fraction (soluble after centrifugation at 105,000
      g), a lysis fraction (soluble after treatment with hypotonic buffer followed by
      centrifugation at 105,000 g) and a final 105,000 g pellet fraction. The soluble
      fraction contained 25.7% of incorporated radioactivity and upon DEAE
      chromatography was resolved into a fraction of sulfated glycoproteins eluting at
      0-0.32 M NaCl and containing 39.5% of total soluble label and a fraction eluting
      at 0.32-0.60 M NaCl containing 53.9% of soluble label. This latter fraction was
      included on columns of Sepharose CL-6B with or without 4 M guanidine and after
      pronase digestion was found to have 51% of its radioactivity contained in the
      glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) heparan sulfate and chondroitin (4 or 6) sulfate in the
      ratio of 70% to 30%. Mobility of both intact proteoglycans and constituent GAGs
      on Sepharose CL-6B indicated a size distribution that is smaller than has been
      observed for proteoglycans and GAGs from cultured neuronal cell lines. Similar
      analysis of lysis fraction, containing 11.5% of incorporated 35SO4, showed a
      mixture of heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate containing proteoglycans,
      apparent free heparan sulfate and few, if any, sulfated glycoproteins. Overall,
      the results support the hypothesis that soluble proteoglycans are among the
      molecules axonally transported in the visual system.

PMID- 3405373
TI  - Changes induced by aging and drug treatment on cerebral enzymatic antioxidant
      system.
AB  - The age-related modifications of the participants to the cerebral enzymatic
      antioxidant system (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione
      reductase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase)
      were evaluated in four brain regions from male Wistar rats aged 5, 10, 15, 20,
      25, 30, and 35 months. Both the specific enzyme activity and the profile of any
      enzyme tested markedly differ with age according to the region examined: parieto
      temporal cortex, caudate-putamen, substantia nigra and thalamus. This
      inhomogeneous age-related profile of enzyme activities could explain both the
      controversial data of literature and the different regional vulnerability of the
      brain tissue to damage with aging. In rats aged 10, 20, or 30 months, the chronic
      i.p. treatment for two months with papaverine or ergot alkaloids
      (dihydroergocristine, dihydroergocornine, dehydroergocriptine) suggests that the
      antioxidant enzyme activities may be influenced according to the agent utilized,
      the brain region tested, and the age of the animal. In any case, small
      differences in the drug structure support marked differences in the type and
      extent of the intervention on the antioxidant enzymatic system.

PMID- 3405375
TI  - Effect of ethanol on [3H]dopamine release in rat nucleus accumbens and striatal
      slices.
AB  - Ethanol (10-200 mM) transiently increased tritium overflow from superfused rat
      nucleus accumbens slices previously incubated with [3H]dopamine (DA) and
      [14C]choline. The effect was greater in striatal tissue and did not appear to be
      a non-specific membrane effect since [14C]acetylcholine (ACh) release was not
      affected. Lack of antagonism by picrotoxin suggested that gamma-aminobutyric acid
      (GABA) receptors were not involved. Calcium was not a requirement and the DA
      uptake blocker, nomifensine, was without effect. Ethanol appeared to be causing
      [3H]DA release into the cytoplasm. K+ -stimulated release of [3H]DA and [14C]ACh
      from nucleus accumbens and striatal slices was not affected. Clonidine-mediated
      inhibition of the K+-evoked release of [3H]DA remained unaltered. Ethanol
      attenuated the isoproterenol-induced enhancement of [3H]DA release. Ethanol
      therefore appeared to interact with components of the DA terminal causing a
      transient increase in the release of neurotransmitter without impairing K+-evoked
      release but apparently interfering with the isoproterenol-induced effect.

PMID- 3405376
TI  - Neurohormonal regulation of calcium in the cell.
AB  - Neurohormone C (NC) is a glycopeptide isolated from bovine hypothalamus, which
      inhibits Ca-calmodulin (CaM)-dependent cAMP and cGMP phosphodiesterase (PDE) and
      is a regulator of Ca in the cell. Distribution of [45Ca]CaCl2 in the mitochondria
      and reticulum (SR) of heart and brain mitochondria and changes of Ca-binding
      proteins in these organelles under NC influence have been studied in the
      myocardium before and after isoproterenol-induced necrosis. Intraperitoneal
      administration of 80-100 mU of PDE inhibitory activity of NC to rats did not
      cause any noticeable changes in the protein content of intracellular organelles,
      but altered the affinity of certain proteins to 45Ca2+. This property of NC was
      especially noticeable after isoproterenol necrosis. Necrotic injury of the
      myocardium induced Ca2+ storage in the mitochondria and SR of brain, and
      decreased the Ca2+ concentration in myocardial mitochondria. NC injection to the
      animals with necrosis was followed by Ca2+ release from all the studied
      organelles.

PMID- 3405377
TI  - An [3H]oxotremorine binding method reveals regulatory changes by guanine
      nucleotides in cholinergic muscarinic receptors of cerebral cortex.
AB  - A rapid, reliable filtration method for [3H]oxotremorine binding to membranes of
      the cerebral cortex that allows the direct study of regulation by guanine
      nucleotides of muscarinic receptors was developed. [3H]Oxotremorine binds to
      cerebral cortex membranes with high affinity (KD, 1.9 nM) and low capacity (Bmax,
      187 pmol/g protein). These sites, which represent only about 18% of those labeled
      with [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate, constitute a population of GTP-sensitive
      binding sites. Association and dissociation binding experiments revealed a
      similar value of KD (2.3 nM). Displacement studies with 1-4000 nM oxotremorine
      showed the existence of a second binding site of low affinity (KD, 1.2 microM)
      and large capacity (Bmax, 1904 pmol/g protein). Gpp(NH)p, added in vitro,
      produced a striking inhibition of [3H]oxotremorine binding with an IC 50 of 0.3
      microM. Saturation assays, in the presence of 0.5 microM Gpp(NH)p, revealed a non
      competitive inhibition of the binding with little change in affinity. These
      results are discussed from the viewpoint of conflicting reports in the literature
      about guanine nucleotide regulation of muscarinic receptors in reconstituted
      systems and membranes from different tissues.

PMID- 3405378
TI  - Conformational and hydrophobic properties of rat and bovine S-100 proteins.
AB  - The binding of Ca2+ to rat or bovine S-100 proteins, in the absence of ligands,
      showed a dissociation constant (in 60 mM K+) of 0.5 to 1.0 mM as measured by the
      effects of Ca2+ on binding of S-100 to phenyl-Sepharose, reactivity of sulfhydryl
      groups, and difference spectra for PHE, TYR, and TRP residues. Binding of the
      ligands, "Stainsall" and chlorpromazine lowered the dissociation constant of S
      100 for Ca2+ by 2- to 10-fold as measured by the same parameters. The
      conformational change, in response to Ca2+ binding, probably occurs by exposure
      to solvent of the hydrophobic region of alpha and beta subunits of S-100 at
      residue positions 74-93.

PMID- 3405379
TI  - Effect of experimental hyperphenylalaninemia induced by dietary phenylalanine
      plus alpha-methylphenylalanine administration on amino acid concentration in
      neonatal chick brain, plasma, and liver.
AB  - Supplementation of 5% phenylalanine plus 0.4% alpha-methylphenylalanine to the
      standard diet or 1% phenylalanine plus 0.08% alpha-methylphenylalanine to the
      drinking water produced phenylketonuria-like conditions in 5-day-old chicks. An
      increase of 10 to 15-fold in the phenylalanine content was observed in plasma or
      brain of animals after 9 days of both types of treatment. A smaller but
      significant increase was also observed in liver. However, practically no changes
      were found in the levels of tyrosine in the same conditions. Thus, the high
      values of plasma and brain phenylalanine/tyrosine ratio obtained by these
      treatments were mainly due to an increase in the phenylalanine levels, without
      increasing those of tyrosine. Chronic hyperphenylalaninemia induced a
      nonsignificant decrease in the most of amino acid contents in brain, especially
      after 9 days of treatment, although the levels of glycine and serine were
      significantly increased. A similar decrease was found in the plasma and liver
      concentration of various amino acids, although the variations observed in the
      liver were smaller than those found in plasma and brain.

PMID- 3405381
TI  - Determination of hydrophobicity of myelinic, synaptosomal, and mitochondrial
      surfaces in the rat brain.
AB  - The hydrophobicity of myelinic, synaptosomal and mitochondrial surfaces in the
      rat brain was measured using the nonionic surfactant, C18H37O(CH2CH2O)13H. This
      method is based on the adsorption of the hydrophobic alkyl group of the
      surfactant by the hydrophobic sites on the surfaces. Each preparations was mixed
      with an excess of the surfactant and the surfactant remaining in the supernatants
      was determined spectrophotometrically by measuring the absorbance of
      tetrabromophenolphthalein ethylester at 690 nm. The greatest amount was adsorbed
      by myelin, followed by synaptosomes and mitochondria. The hydrophobicity is shown
      to be a reflection of the surface lipids. This method showed good reproducibility
      and was useful for the quantitative determination of hydrophobicity.

PMID- 3405380
TI  - Inhibition of brain and liver 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase and
      mevalonate-5-pyrophosphate decarboxylase in experimental hyperphenylalaninemia.
AB  - Experimental hyperphenylalaninemia has been induced in 5-day-old chicks by
      dietary treatments with phenylalanine and alpha-methylphenylalanine. An increase
      of nearly 8-fold in plasma Phe/Tyr ratio was found after 4 days of
      supplementation the standard diet with 5% phenylalanine plus 0.4% alpha
      methylphenylalanine. The increase in this ratio was about 13-fold after 9 days of
      the same treatment. Similar results were observed in brain and liver, although
      the increases were smaller than those found in plasma. Total body, brain and
      liver weight decreased after 9 days of treatment. Phenylalanine plus alpha
      methylphenylalanine administration to 5-day-old chicks produced a significant
      decrease in the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase and mevalonate-5
      pyrophosphate decarboxylase specific activities from both brain and liver. These
      results demonstrated for the first time that experimental hyperphenylalaninemia
      inhibited different enzyme activities directly implicated in the regulation of
      cholesterogenesis. Therefore, a reduced cholesterol synthesis in brain may
      evidenciate the theory of an impaired myelination leading to mental retardation
      in phenylketonuria patients.

PMID- 3405382
TI  - A new preparation of S-100 protein from rat and bovine brains.
AB  - The S-100 nervous system protein was purified from bovine and rat brains by a
      modification of the original procedure. The main modification consisted in
      substituting a step of calcium-dependent binding of S-100 to a phenyl-Sepharose
      column for the original step of chromatography on G-200 Sephadex. The proteins
      were pure as determined by SDS gel electrophoresis. HPLC on a reversed phase and
      on a size-separation column, and by immunological criteria. The bovine S-100
      behaved as previously described, during calcium binding, by displaying a
      conformational change as evidenced by increase in native fluorescence.

PMID- 3405383
TI  - Effects of nutritional stress on brain tyramine concentration and dopamine
      turnover.
AB  - This is an investigation of the effect of nutritional stress at various ages on
      the levels of the p- and m-isomers of tyramine in the caudate nucleus of the rat.
      For comparison, the effects of nutritional stress on the concentration and
      turnover of dopamine were also studied. Nutritional stress induced in pre-weaning
      (3 weeks of age) or post-weaning (up to 9 weeks of age) rats resulted in a
      decrease in the concentration of p-tyramine and an increase in the concentration
      of m-tyramine in the caudate nucleus. Dopamine concentration or turnover in the
      caudate nucleus was not affected by pre-weaning undernutrition; in the olfactory
      tubercles, however, a significant decrease was observed in dopamine turnover,
      calculated from the decrease in homovanillic acid levels after monoamine oxidase
      inhibition. The results suggest the changes observed are dependent on the
      availability of the amino acid precursors p- and m-tyrosine and their competition
      towards aromatic-L-amino acid decarboxylase.

PMID- 3405385
TI  - [Effect of alternating treatment of multiple sclerosis with encorton and
      levamisole on IgG synthesis within the cerebrospinal fluid spaces].
AB  - A group of 16 patients with clinically certain multiple sclerosis with a
      remitting course were subjected to alternating treatment with medium doses of
      prednisone (Encorton, Polfa) and Decaris (Richter). The cerebrospinal fluid and
      plasma were studied before the beginning of the treatment and after one course of
      alternating treatment, determining the levels of IgG and albumins, and the IgG
      index which is an indicator of IgG synthesis within the cerebrospinal fluid
      spaces. It was observed that this treatment led to a reduction of IgG synthesis
      but the effect of the treatment was less pronounced than that of large doses of
      prednisone found in the previous study.

PMID- 3405386
TI  - [Urinary excretion of hydroxyproline by patients with multiple sclerosis].
AB  - Total urinary hydroxyproline was determined 79 times by the Prockop-Udenfried
      method in 61 patients with multiple sclerosis. All patients had the pyramidal
      syndrome. Depending on the intensity of paresis at the time of the study the
      patients were divided into two groups: Group I--patients with slight paresis.
      Group II--patients with major paresis or paralysis. The control group comprised
      45 healthy subjects. The mean urinary hydroxyproline excretion was in both groups
      as a whole and in each group separately not different significantly from that in
      the control group. The values of hydroxyproline excretion depended on the
      duration of paresis, and were highest in both groups 2 weeks to 1 year after the
      onset of paresis, and then they decreased in two successive time periods: 1-5 and
      5-17 years of the disease. The values of hydroxyproline excretion were
      significantly above the control level only in patients with severe paresis or
      paralysis of up to 1 year duration, and might have been due to increased
      catabolism of collagen in the bones of the paralysed extremities in the period of
      the so called acute osteoporosis.

PMID- 3405387
TI  - [Evaluation of remission in childhood myasthenia gravis].
AB  - By the electrophysiological methods such as supramaximal stimulation and single
      fibre EMG (SF EMG) 13 children with myasthenia were studied. In only one case the
      results of both tests were normal. These findings confirm the presence of
      subclinical disturbances of neuromuscular transmission in most cases of
      myasthenia during remission. This may be of practical importance in the treatment
      of myasthenic patients.

PMID- 3405388
TI  - [Post-poliomyelitis syndrome. Description of 2 cases].
AB  - The authors describe two cases of slowly progressing damage of the peripheral
      motor neuron which developed in the patients several tens of years following
      typical acute poliomyelitis anterior in childhood. The clinical features of these
      cases and the results of electrophysiological investigations are reported in
      detail. In the light of these cases and a literature review the authors discuss
      the clinical findings, course, electrophysiological, virological and
      immunological investigations, and hypotheses concerning the pathological
      mechanism of the postpoliomyelitis syndrome.

PMID- 3405389
TI  - [Use of discourse in neuropsychological examinations].
AB  - The study was conducted to establish the ability of aphatics and patients with
      lesions in the right cerebral hemisphere to reconstruct the superstructure of
      narrative discourse and procedural discourse. It was found that despite evident
      speech disturbances the patients with aphasia maintained the ability of correct
      reconstruction of the basic elements of a discourse, while patients with right
      hemisphere lesions had difficulties in correct construction of the structure of
      the text evidencing specific disturbances of discourse.

PMID- 3405390
TI  - [Gunshot wounds of the spine and spinal cord. Neurosurgical tactics].
AB  - In the Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Academy in Lodz in the years 1971-1986
      out of 356 injuries to the spine and spinal cord 6 cases (1.7%) were shot wounds.
      The indications to surgical treatment were: high-grade posttraumatic spinal
      instability, intense liquorrhoea with threatening meningitis, and violent pains
      in lower extremities. The clinical material and the tactics of neurosurgical
      management are described.

PMID- 3405384
TI  - Studies on the submicrosomal fractions of bovine oligodendroglia: lipid
      composition and glycolipid biosynthesis.
AB  - Oligodendroglia were isolated from bovine brain, and a "crude" microsomal
      fraction obtained from cell homogenates was subfractionated into myelin (MP),
      plasma membranes (PM), Golgi (GF), smooth (SER) and rough (RER) endoplasmic
      membranes using discontinuous-sucrose gradient centrifugation. The submicrosomal
      fractions were characterized by ultrastructural examination and analysis of the
      specific organelle markers. The myelin and plasma membrane rich fractions
      contained characteristically the highest amounts of the lipid with lower mole
      percentages of total phospholipids and phosphatidylcholine, and higher
      concentrations of phosphatidylethanolamine (+ plasmalogens), cholesterol and
      galactolipids. Considerable amounts of the typical myelin galactolipids (galacto
      cerebrosides, sulfatides and monogalactosyl diglycerides) were also found in the
      Golgi fraction (GF). The GF fraction had the greatest enrichment of glycolipid
      forming galactosyltransferases, and the distribution of these enzymes correlated
      well with that of the Golgi marker enzymes. The results give evidence that
      intracellular Golgi apparatus of oligodendroglia is rich in the myelin-specific
      lipids, and suggest its involvement in the synthesis and processing of myelin
      lipids.

PMID- 3405391
TI  - [Early results of alternating treatment of multiple sclerosis with
      immunosuppressive and immunomodulating drugs].
AB  - A group of 18 patients with clinically certain diagnosis of multiple sclerosis
      were treated alternate with prednisone and Decaris (levamisole). The results were
      compared with those in a control group of 18 cases with similar initial clinical
      parameters treated exclusively with prednisone during exacerbations of the
      disease. Alternating treatment with the mild immunosuppressant, prednisone, and
      with the immunomodulating drug Decaris caused a statistically significant
      reduction in the number of exacerbations of multiple sclerosis, however, the
      effect of this treatment on the natural history of the disease could not have
      been established in view of the short period of follow-up.

PMID- 3405392
TI  - The progression of the pathological changes of Alzheimer's disease in frontal and
      temporal neocortex examined both at biopsy and at autopsy.
AB  - Brains were obtained at autopsy from five patients with Alzheimer's disease, each
      of whom had undergone diagnostic craniotomy 3-7 years previously. It was
      possible, therefore, to examine the number (density) and nucleolar volume of
      pyramidal nerve cells, and the density of senile plaques and neurofibrillary
      tangles within the cerebral cortex on two occasions during the progression of
      their illness, and to assess how these measures might have changed during the
      period between biopsy and death. In all five patients, at biopsy, the density and
      the nucleolar volume of pyramidal nerve cells was significantly less than
      controls and, in general, values for both these measures fell significantly
      further from biopsy to death. By contrast, in none of the five patients did
      senile plaque density consistently change from biopsy to death; neurofibrillary
      tangle density either did not change, or indeed sometimes decreased from biopsy
      to death. These data show that both the clinical and the pathological progression
      of Alzheimer's disease is marked by a continuing loss of pyramidal cells from
      frontal and temporal cortex, although the densities of plaques and tangles within
      the cortex do not, per se, correlate with the stage of the illness. The
      usefulness of measurement of plaque and tangle densities as pathological criteria
      by which the clinical and neurochemical deficits of Alzheimer's disease can be
      compared in different patients is clearly questionable.

PMID- 3405393
TI  - Epithelial membrane antigen expression in ependymomas.
AB  - Twenty-seven ependymomas were studied (18 'benign' or low grade and nine
      'malignant' or high grade) by means of a monoclonal antibody to epithelial
      membrane antigen (E29) and an antiserum to glial fibrillary acidic protein
      (GFAP). The E29 antibody reacted with 'benign' ependymomas but not with
      'malignant' ones. Staining was located on the cell surface and especially that
      facing rosette lumina. Cells forming papillary structures and ependymal
      epithelium showed a similar distribution of staining. Glial fibrillary acidic
      protein (GFAP) reactivity was seen in all tumours, with a perivascular
      accentuation in 'malignant' ones. Staining occurred in the cytoplasm of scattered
      cells and in those forming papillary structures, ependymal epithelium and
      rosettes. Our results may have implications in relation to the cytogenesis of
      these tumours and may also be useful in the histological assessment of 'benign'
      versus 'malignant' ependymomas.

PMID- 3405394
TI  - Identification of the normal microglial population in human and rodent nervous
      tissue using lectin-histochemistry.
AB  - Mistletoe lectin-1 (ML-1) and Ricinus communis agglutinin-120 (RCA-1) both
      possess D-galactose-specific surface-binding sites. They were used to selectively
      identify microglial populations in aldehyde-fixed normal brain tissue by lectin
      immunohistochemistry on paraffin and frozen sections. Mistletoe lectin-1 was
      superior to RCA-1 in labelling microglia in the rat brain, whereas RCA-1 labelled
      human microglia better than ML-1. Thus, RCA-1 and ML-1 supplement each other for
      identifying microglial in human and rodent central nervous system tissues. The
      high reproducibility of the results and the applicability of the technique to
      routine histology, using formalin-fixed tissue, should facilitate study of the
      histogenesis and role of microglia in the CNS.

PMID- 3405395
TI  - Schwann cell responses during regeneration after one or more crush injuries to
      myelinated nerve fibres.
AB  - The responses of Schwann cells during regeneration of myelinated nerve fibres
      were studied ultrastructurally in the distal segment of mouse phrenic nerve after
      a single or repeated localized crush injury. Chronological observations on nerves
      after a single crush confirmed the occurrence of myelination of only single
      regenerating axons among many that appeared in individual Bungner bands. The
      redundant axon sprouts often showed the structural features of degeneration and
      decreased in number with time. During the process, supernumerary Schwann cells
      not related to myelin formation were produced. They commonly failed not only to
      make a one-to-one relationship with an axon, but they also failed to acquire a
      new basal lamina of their own. With time, they showed shrinkage of their
      cytoplasm and became arranged circumferentially around the myelinating axon with
      unipolar or bipolar cytoplasmic processes. Electron microscopic, quantitative
      assessment of the nuclear population of Schwann cells following repeated crushes
      up to four times, clearly indicated a progressive and predominant increase in the
      number of the supernumerary Schwann cells with the number of crushes. Also, they
      were found to form separate concentric cytoplasmic lamellae around the
      myelinating axons, developing structures resembling onion-bulbs. It was concluded
      that essentially the same regenerating process as that observed after a single
      crush was repeated following re-crush, thereby resulting in the successive
      accumulation of supernumerary Schwann cells around a myelinating axon.

PMID- 3405396
TI  - Spatial attentional shifts: implications for the role of polysensory mechanisms.
AB  - Simple reaction times to lateralized visual (Experiment 1) or auditory
      (Experiment 2) targets were studied in normal subjects. The targets were preceded
      by a visual or auditory cue located on the same (valid cue), or opposite (invalid
      cue) side as the subsequent target, or on both sides (neutral cue), with one of
      four cue target intervals. The validity of visual and auditory cues influenced
      the speed of response to the visual target but not to the auditory target. It is
      hypothesized that cross-modal cueing of spatial position works only with
      modalities for which a movement (e.g. saccade) leads to improved sensory
      analysis.

PMID- 3405397
TI  - Left hemisphere contribution to motor programming of aphasic speech: a reaction
      time experiment in aphasic patients.
AB  - Simple reaction time to lateralized visual dot stimuli was studied in 10 fluent
      and 10 nonfluent right-handed chronic aphasics with left hemisphere lesions. As
      well as the standard simple reaction time condition, the patients were given a
      concomitant verbal task, requiring overt articulation while reacting to the
      visual stimuli. Compared with the control condition, in both aphasic groups the
      verbal task produced an overall lengthening of latencies, with a significant
      slowing down of responses to the stimuli located in the right visual half-field.
      According to these results the verbal concurrent activity appears to involve the
      left hemisphere as in normal subjects, suggesting that the undamaged regions of
      the left hemisphere have a role to play in the motor programming of aphasic
      speech. As a collateral finding, the difference between latencies to stimuli
      ipsilateral and contralateral to the responding hand--a measure of
      interhemispheric transmission time--is greatly increased in patients with motor
      deficits. This is consistent with the view that, in simple visuo-motor reaction
      time, interhemispheric transfer takes place between anterior regions of the
      brain.

PMID- 3405398
TI  - Hemispheric asymmetries in mediating intention, but not selective attention.
AB  - Heilman and Van Den Abell [Neuropsychologia 17, 315-321, 1979] reported a right
      hemisphere dominance for cerebral activation. In the present study, we further
      examined the nature of this finding in an experimental paradigm in which
      selective attention and intention (response readiness) were manipulated
      independently. Normal subjects were tested on a choice reaction time task in
      which they were given preliminary information about where a target stimulus would
      occur (selective attention) and which hand to use for responding (intention). Our
      findings indicate that at short foreperiod durations, the right hemisphere is
      superior for mediating intention. There was no evidence for a right hemisphere
      superiority for selective attention.

PMID- 3405400
TI  - Impaired stereoscopic detection thresholds after left or right temporal
      lobectomy.
AB  - The present study assessed global stereopsis as measured by random dot
      stereograms (RDS). Single stimuli were presented in order of increasing binocular
      correlation (40-100%) making it progressively easier to perceive the figures in
      depth, and then the same set of stimuli was presented in reverse order. The
      subjects tested included 50 patients with unilateral temporal-lobe lesions, 11
      patients with right frontal-lobe lesions and 18 normal control subjects. Results
      indicate that either right or left temporal lobectomy leads to a higher than
      normal detection threshold for RDS. In contrast, right frontal lobectomy did not
      have a significant effect compared to the normal control subjects. All subjects
      were able to perceive correctly the figures at 100% binocular correlation. The
      results are interpreted in terms of a possible contribution of the inferior
      temporal cortex to global stereopsis.

PMID- 3405399
TI  - Changes in sensory inattention, directional motor neglect and "release" of the
      fixation reflex following a unilateral frontal lesion: a case report.
AB  - We recorded eye movements to and away from visual stimuli from a patient with
      left-sided neglect following a right frontal infarct in order to determine (a)
      whether and to what extent his neglect was due to sensory inattention and
      directional motor neglect and (b) whether he had difficulty suppressing
      inappropriate eye movements to visual stimuli ("release" of visual grasp) as his
      sensory inattention declined. In the first testing session, conducted 5 days
      following his stroke, he often failed to move his eyes when a stimulus on the
      left required a rightward eye movement, but he consistently moved his eyes to a
      stimulus on the right. Thus, he showed contralateral but not ipsilateral sensory
      inattention. Initially, he also was impaired in making leftward eye movements
      when right stimuli were presented. Thus, he also showed a directional motor
      neglect. In subsequent tests, his left-sided sensory inattention as defined above
      decreased, and was no longer present three weeks following his stroke, nor in a
      follow-up test conducted almost 6 months following this stroke. In contrast, his
      directional motor neglect, as defined above, was still present in the follow-up
      test. As his left-sided sensory inattention declined, his tendency to move his
      eyes incorrectly to stimuli on the left side (the side contralateral to his
      lesion) when these stimuli required eye movements to the right became stronger
      ("release" of visual grasp); he continued to show this strong tendency in the
      test conducted almost 6 months following his stroke.

PMID- 3405401
TI  - Dichotic listening in commissurotomized and hemispherectomized subjects.
AB  - Three commissurotomized and two left-hemispherectomized subjects were tested on
      spoken report of sequences of three dichotic pairs of digits. With instruction to
      report only one digit from each pair, there was an overall advantage to the ear
      contralateral to the hemisphere mediating speech, but report of ipsilateral-ear
      digits ranged from 40 to 100%. In commissurotomized subjects, the more extreme
      ipsilateral suppression under instructions to report all digits may be due to
      failure to gain access to unattended information stored in the right hemisphere,
      rather than to suppression of the ipsilateral pathway. However one
      commissurotmized patient did appear to have access to right-hemisphere items, the
      result either of subcortical transfer or of external cross-cueing. The
      hemispherectomized subjects seemed able to store both attended and unattended
      information in the same hemisphere.

PMID- 3405402
TI  - Effects of spatial arrangement of letter pairs in a name-matching task with
      unilateral and bilateral hemifield stimulation.
AB  - In tachistoscopic studies requiring "same/different" judgements on pairs of
      stimuli, differences between unilateral and bilateral presentation have been
      interpreted in terms of higher level cognitive processing. However, unilateral
      presentation is usually confounded with vertical and bilateral presentation with
      horizontal arrangement of stimuli. The effect of various stimulus arrangements
      was examined in two experiments. The results gave no evidence for an independent
      effect of uni- vs bilateral presentation, but rather a strong effect of the
      spatial arrangement such that pairs arranged on a straight line through the
      fixation point yield faster reaction times than any other vertical or horizontal
      arrangement.

PMID- 3405403
TI  - The brainstem auditory evoked potential asymmetry is replicable and reliable.
AB  - Lateralization of neural function is generally thought to occur only at the level
      of the cerebral cortex and perhaps the thalamus. Levine and McGaffigan [EEG Clin.
      Neurophysiol. 55, 532-537, 1983] challenged this view by identifying a neural
      asymmetry at the level of the brainstem. They analyzed brainstem auditory evoked
      potentials (BAEPs) and found that peak III(+) amplitude (baseline-to-peak) was
      significantly larger in response to right than to left ear stimulation. The
      current paper demonstrates that this BAEP asymmetry is (a) reliable within and
      between subjects, (b) present for 33/sec and 10/sec click rates, and (c) more
      reliable when amplitude is measured peak-to-peak. This brainstem asymmetry may
      reflect the general tendency of humans to orient rightward and/or may be a
      precursor of higher level asymmetries.

PMID- 3405404
TI  - Electrical stimulation of the human hippocampus produces verbal intrusions during
      memory testing.
AB  - Verbal memory testing was conducted during electrical stimulation of the human
      hippocampus in 12 epilepsy surgery candidates with unilateral temporal lobe
      seizure onset. Performance was assessed during baseline, left hippocampal
      stimulation and right hippocampal stimulation. Verbal intrusion errors were
      greater during electrical stimulation of the hippocampus contralateral to the
      seizure focus. These findings suggest that verbal intrusions are related to
      memory deficits, and that patients with cerebral disease who intrude words from
      an earlier portion of a learning test are likely to have bilateral cerebral
      dysfunction.

PMID- 3405405
TI  - Long term effects of the introduction of noninvasive investigations in
      neuroradiology. Part 1: Overall trends.
AB  - A 25 year retrospective survey of requests for imaging studies in a neurological
      hospital showed that the introduction of radionuclide scanning service had a
      relatively minor effect on the demand for other investigations. The introduction
      of computed tomography ten years later had a profound and continuing effect on
      not only the pattern and volume of requests for imaging, but also on inpatient
      discharges and outpatient attendances.

PMID- 3405406
TI  - Long term effects of the introduction of noninvasive investigations in
      neuroradiology. Part 2: Effects on management of individual patients.
AB  - Review of imaging investigations undergone by cohorts of in- and outpatients of a
      neurological hospital at 8 year intervals over a 25 year period showed that while
      the pattern of investigation of the individual patient was little affected by the
      introduction of radionuclide studies, the subsequent availability of computed
      tomography had a rapid and cumulative effect on the use not only of invasive
      investigations, but also of plain films and other noninvasive examinations.

PMID- 3405407
TI  - Encephalopathic cerebrovascular steal: dynamic CT of arteriovenous malformations.
AB  - Arteriovenous malformations and the clinical symptoms they engender are due in
      large part to the cerebrovascular steal intimately associated with these lesions.
      Intravenous dynamic computed tomography was utilized in a series of 10 patients
      harboring cranial vascular malformations of varying size and location in an
      effort to further elucidate the pathophysiology and extent of the arteriovenous
      shunt in pre-hemorrhagic (8 subjects) and post-hemorrhagic (2 subjects) clinical
      situations. Perfusion abnormalities were identified locally as well as distant
      from the nidus of the lesion, both intra- and extra-axially. The technique of
      dynamic computed tomography in this study group confirms past observations
      regarding the steal phenomenon and reveals aberrant perfusion states which were
      previously unknown.

PMID- 3405408
TI  - Intracranial aneurysms: MR imaging.
AB  - MR studies of 17 patients with 19 intracranial aneurysms are reviewed. All
      patients also underwent CT and angiography. MR has been able to visualize the
      aneurysms in all cases. Aneurysms present various MR appearances because of flow
      characteristics, thrombosis in different stages of organization, calcific and
      ferric deposits. Based on MR signal changes it is possible to distinguish between
      flow effects and histopathological components such as thrombosis. Flow patterns
      are complex and sometimes it is difficult to define the cause responsible for
      intraluminal signal. MR allows a precise definition of perilesional brain tissue
      and demonstrates associated lesions. Angiography remains the definitive procedure
      in the diagnosis of small aneurysms, but shows only that part of the lesion in
      continuity with the circulation. MR clearly delineates the size, the residual
      lumen and the extra-axial location of giant aneurysms. In completely thrombosed
      aneurysms, when CT suggest a tumor, MR is able to demonstrate the vascular nature
      of the lesion.

PMID- 3405409
TI  - MRI parameters in multiple sclerosis patients.
AB  - Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of 20 patients with clinically definite
      multiple sclerosis (MS) are presented. The studies were performed on a 0.5 Tesla
      magnet using spin-echo technique. Analysis of the MRI findings included detailed
      linear measurements of the ventricular and the subarachnoid spaces and reading of
      the intensity of the grey and white matter and intensity of the MS plaques. The
      plaques were sorted according to their number and size. The younger patients (20
      40 years) had overall more plaques than the older ones (over 40 years). The small
      plaques were the most numerous and the large ones were the least common.
      Statistically significant association was found between the number of plaques and
      the cella media width. The intensity ratios between the non-plaque white
      matter/grey matter showed a significant correlation with the ventricular score. A
      significant negative correlation was found between the antero-posterior diameter
      of the spinal cord and the number of MS plaques in the brain. The plaque/white
      matter ratio had a significantly negative correlation with the cervical cord's
      width.

PMID- 3405410
TI  - MR imaging in tumors of the pineal region.
AB  - Ten patients with tumors of the pineal region underwent CT and MRI
      investigations. There were 3 germinomas, 3 teratomas and 1 of each of the
      following: pineocytoma, PNET, ependymoma and meningioma. Not only were tumor size
      and growth compared to CT, but an attempt was made to obtain knowledge of the
      histology of the tumor by special T2 calculations. The investigations did not
      lead to an improvement in type specific diagnosis.

PMID- 3405411
TI  - CT-diskography in the evaluation of the postoperative lumbar spine. Preliminary
      results.
AB  - Thirty-three patients with recurrent sciatica after lumbar-disk surgery were
      studied for recurrent herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP) by CT alone and CT
      diskography (CTD). Twenty-six patients underwent surgical reexploration allowing
      correlation with CTD. CTD made a correct diagnosis of recurrent HNP in twenty-one
      patients showing an extravasation of the contrast medium from the disk space into
      the medullary canal. In two cases CTD was positive for recurrent HNP but surgery
      showed only fibrosis. The amount of contrast leak was very small in these two
      cases along the posterior common longitudinal ligament, and the junction with the
      disk was very narrow. Because of their clinical presentation three patients with
      negative studies were operated upon. One showed only fibrosis and the two others
      showed an associated disk fragment. Among the twenty-one true-positive cases,
      seven showed a combination of recurrent HNP and scarring. Contamination of CSF by
      the contrast medium through the dura was observed in two patients. Although a
      prospective comparative study between CTD and IV-contrast-enhanced CT is
      necessary, CTD appears to be a useful diagnostic procedure for recurrent HNP
      after surgery of the lumbar spine.

PMID- 3405413
TI  - Motor evoked potentials during interventional neuroradiology.
AB  - Following transcranial electrical cortex stimulation motor evoked potentials
      (MEP) were monitored in 4 patients during 2 angiographic examinations and 4
      therapeutic embolization procedures. Changes of MEP were observed in all 4
      patients. Temporary decrease of MEP amplitudes as found in two patients was not
      followed by any additional postoperative neurological deficits. Incomplete
      recovery of amplitudes in one case associated with a corresponding hemiparesis
      post-angiographically. In the last patient amplitude reduction was found one week
      after the second embolization of an av-angioma. Consequently, an angiographic
      control was performed early, showing a partial revascularisation by newly opened
      fistulae which needed to be embolized again. In our opinion, monitoring of MEP
      during interventional neuroradiology is a sensitive method for early detection of
      impending neurological deficits. The use of MEP monitoring is discussed with
      respect to the advantages and limitations of conventional SEP monitoring. Because
      of the discomfort associated with electrical stimulation a magnetic stimulator
      may be used.

PMID- 3405412
TI  - Measurement of basilar artery diameter in dogs: CT evaluation correlated with
      arteriography.
AB  - In this study we have used a computed tomographic (CT) method using profile
      analysis to measure the diameter of the basilar artery. In a search for a
      noninvasive and repeatable method to substitute for the traditional arteriography
      in the evaluation of the degree of cerebral vasospasm, we employed both CT and
      arteriography to measure the diameter of the basilar artery in eight adult
      mongrel dogs weighing between 7 and 12 kg. In three of these animals, assessments
      were made before and after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) induced by injecting
      autologous arterial blood into the cistern magna. It was found that the basilar
      artery diameter as evaluated by CT was 47% larger than that measured by
      arteriography. However, there was a very good correlation (n = 63, r = 0.75, p
      less than 0.001) between the two methods. This paper presents a new model for the
      measurement of the basilar artery diameter, one which may also provide a safer
      method for the evaluation of vasospasm in humans.

PMID- 3405416
TI  - Cavernous hemangioma of the thoracic spinal cord.
AB  - A 25-year-old woman presented with a four-year history of progressive right-lower
      extremity weakness and atrophy and a left hemisensory deficit was found.
      Metrizamide-enhanced spinal CT scan showed an intramedullary lesion at the level
      of T1-T2; this had expanded the cord in fusiform fashion but showed no evidence
      of a cystic component. Surgical resection was performed and the pathological
      diagnosis was cavernous hemangioma. Two and one-half years later, her left
      hemisensory deficit was worsening and a spinal MRI showed high signal intensity
      mass in the region of the previous surgery consistent with chronic hematoma which
      was re-evacuated with some improvement in the patient's neurological condition.

PMID- 3405415
TI  - Arterial tortuosity and dilatation in Larsen syndrome.
AB  - Tortuosity and dilatation of the cranial and abdominal arteries are described in
      a case of Larsen syndrome. These uncommonly recognized anomalies lend support for
      a generalized mesenchymal disorder in Larsen syndrome.

PMID- 3405417
TI  - A lung cancer case with numerous calcified metastatic nodules of the brain.
AB  - A case of pulmonary adenocarcinoma with numerous calcified metastatic nodules of
      the brain is reported. Autopsy revealed about 400 metastatic nodules in the
      central nervous system, most of which were calcified.

PMID- 3405414
TI  - Iopamidol 300-induced epilepsy: intensive treatment and pathogenic hypothesis.
AB  - A case of adverse event induced by Iopamidol 300 is reported. Its clinical course
      and the intensive treatment performed are described.

PMID- 3405418
TI  - Intracranial aneurysmal bone cyst: a rare CT appearance.
AB  - Aneurysmal bone cyst occurring within the calvarium is uncommon. We report a case
      presenting as an intracranial space-occupying lesion. Fluid levels within a
      lesion on CT is very suggestive but inconstant. The theory of a pre-existing
      lesion is noted.

PMID- 3405419
TI  - MRI and CT of ankylosing spondylitis with vertebral scalloping.
AB  - Three cases of cauda equina syndrome in long-standing ankylosing spondylitis are
      reported. In all, vertebral scalloping and dural ectasia were confirmed by
      magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography. MRI showed widening of the
      dural sac with signal intensity corresponding to cerebrospinal fluid. CT
      demonstrated asymmetrical lesions of the posterior elements of the lumbar spine.
      Myelography was not felt necessary to confirm the findings.

PMID- 3405420
TI  - Spinal epidural hematoma visualized by magnetic resonance imaging.

PMID- 3405421
TI  - Medically treated steroid-induced epidural lipomatosis.

PMID- 3405422
TI  - Gonadal steroids influence neurophysin II distribution in the forebrain of normal
      and mutant mice.
AB  - The distribution of arginine vasopressin-associated neurophysin (neurophysin II)
      immunoreactivity was investigated in normal and mutant house mice during
      development and after various gonadal steroid manipulations. During postnatal
      development of normal mice dense networks of neurophysin II immunoreactivity in
      the lateral septal nucleus and lateral habenular nucleus appeared earlier in male
      than in female mice, with an adult pattern of immunoreactivity being attained by
      8 weeks and 12 weeks of age, respectively. The neurophysin II immunoreactivity in
      the male was denser than that in female mice. After gonadectomy of adult normal
      mice there was a gradual loss of neurophysin II immunoreactivity in the lateral
      septum and lateral habenula over a period of 15 weeks. In hypogonadal mice, a
      mutant in which gonadal development is arrested postnatally due to a deficiency
      in hypothalamic gonadotrophin releasing hormone, no immunoreactive neurophysin II
      could be detected in the lateral septum or lateral habenula. A pattern of
      neurophysin II immunoreactivity similar to that in normal control mice was
      observed in hypogonadal mice which had been implanted for 4 weeks with silicone
      elastomer capsules containing testosterone or oestradiol-17 beta, but not 5 alpha
      dihydrotestosterone or progesterone. Stimulation of gonadal development and
      endogenous steroid production in hypogonadal mice by third ventricular grafts of
      preoptic area tissue from normal neonatal animals also produced a normal pattern
      of neurophysin II immunoreactivity in the lateral septum and lateral habenula. In
      the androgen-insensitive testicular feminized mouse immunoreactive neurophysin II
      was undetectable in the lateral septum and lateral habenula. Treatment of
      testicular feminized mice with oestradiol-17 beta, but not progesterone, produced
      a normal pattern of neurophysin II immunoreactivity. The main immunohistological
      findings were confirmed by radioimmunoassay of tissue extracts which showed that
      the concentration of arginine vasopressin in lateral septum was far greater in
      normal males than females and was undetectable in hypogonadal mice; no oxytocin
      could be detected in the septum of normal or hypogonadal mice. These results show
      that the expression of neurophysin II immunoreactivity in the lateral septum and
      lateral habenula of the mouse brain is dependent on the presence of aromatizeable
      androgens or oestrogens.

PMID- 3405424
TI  - Intracellular staining of physiologically identified photoreceptor cells and
      hyperpolarizing interneurons in the teleost pineal organ.
AB  - The directly photosensory pineal organ of the rainbow trout functions primarily
      as a luminance detector. Its neutral output reflects the level of ambient
      illumination in an almost linear fashion over several orders of magnitude. It may
      thus transmit information about the daily light-dark cycle to central projection
      targets in the brain, and exert an important control over putative central
      oscillators. We have studied single neural elements in the explanted pineal organ
      of the rainbow trout by combining intracellular recording with intracellular
      injections of either the fluorescent dye Lucifer Yellow CH or the electron dense
      marker horseradish peroxidase. After physiological characterization, dye was
      injected, and the pineal organs were processed for fluorescence or electron
      microscopy. Horseradish peroxidase-injected cells were selected with light
      microscopy, and were serially sectioned for electron microscopy. By examining the
      entire series of ultrathin sections of several labeled cells the following
      results were obtained. (1) Intensity-graded hyperpolarization that was elicited
      by light stimuli of all wavelengths could be either purely monophasic at all
      light intensities, or monophasic at low and intermediate light intensities but
      with an initial peak transient at response saturation. These two types of
      responses could be demonstrated to emanate from photoreceptor cells. (2) In
      addition, an interneuron that responded to light stimulation with intensity
      graded hyperpolarizations that decreased in amplitude at high light intensities
      was identified by analysis of serial ultrathin sections. This interneuron was
      situated in close opposition to a photoreceptor-like element and another
      interneuron, both of which contained transcellularly transferred horseradish
      peroxidase. Transcellular transfer of horseradish peroxidase was repeatedly
      observed, although in the majority of cases only single cells were labeled.
      Intracellular injection of Lucifer Yellow CH consistently revealed dye-coupling
      between photoreceptors and between (inter)neurons. The numbers of labeled
      elements varied between two and eight cells, after intracellular injection of one
      cell. The present results indicate that the net neural output of the pineal organ
      is the result of a relatively complicated neural circuitry, encompassing
      different types of photoreceptors, interneurons and projection neurons.
      Electrical coupling between photoreceptors, between neurons, and between
      photoreceptors and neurons may provide spatial signal averaging. The very slow
      photoreceptor responses to photic stimulation may provide temporal signal
      averaging.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3405423
TI  - Intracellular analysis of respiratory-modulated hypoglossal motoneurons in the
      cat.
AB  - Intracellular recordings from hypoglossal motoneurons in the brainstem of cats
      are described, along with postsynaptic potentials evoked by superior laryngeal,
      vagal and carotid sinus nerve stimulation. The study concentrates on hypoglossal
      motoneurons with respiratory-related discharge, which can be categorized into
      inspiratory, inspiratory/early-expiratory and expiratory patterns. Seven cells
      were labelled with horseradish peroxidase, their location and morphology are
      described. Stimulation of laryngeal receptors by balloon inflation or by water
      injection into the larynx, or mimicked by electrical stimulation of the superior
      laryngeal nerve results in enhanced postinspiratory activity in those cells
      (inspiratory/early-expiratory, expiratory) already receiving postinspiratory
      excitation; or actually produces a wave of postinspiratory depolarization in
      cells (inspiratory) previously quiescent during that period. It is concluded that
      the firing pattern of the respiratory-modulated hypoglossal motoneurons is
      unlikely to be static but depends on other factors, one of these being the level
      of ongoing, or previous laryngeal receptor stimulation.

PMID- 3405425
TI  - Photoreceptor responses to light in the isolated pineal organ of the trout, Salmo
      gairdneri.
AB  - Photoreceptor potentials were recorded intracellularly from the isolated pineal
      organ of the teleost, Salmo gairdneri, maintained in tissue culture medium for 2
      20 h. After electrophysiological characterization the photoreceptor cells were
      iontophoretically injected with Lucifer Yellow or with horseradish peroxidase for
      subsequent morphological identification. A brief flash of light elicited a
      hyperpolarization which was graded with light intensity in the dark-adapted
      photoreceptor. For dim flashes, the responses were purely monophasic. At higher
      intensities responses either remained purely monophasic or displayed an initial
      transient wave which became prominent for supersaturating intensities. The
      latency of the responses and their rise time decreased with increasing light
      intensity. Threshold responses showed latencies of about 600 ms, reached a
      maximum in about 1100 ms and returned to the dark potential in about 5 s.
      Saturating flashes considerably diminished the latency to 55 ms, the rise time to
      about 250 ms, but increased the time of recovery from peak to dark potential up
      to 60 s. Intracellular responses to background illumination exhibited two
      different response types. One type repolarized immediately, when the background
      light was extinguished, whereas the other type was characterized by a slow
      recovery of the dark potential. The spectral sensitivity of all intracellular
      recorded photoreceptors peaked at lambda max = 520-530 nm.

PMID- 3405426
TI  - Nerve cells with irregular processes: demonstration of anisotropic core geometry
      of a pyramidal cell.
AB  - An analytical, recursive method has been developed to demonstrate the anisotropic
      electrotonic geometry of nerve cells containing varicose or spiny dendrites. The
      procedure has been based on the distribution of the core geometry of dendrites
      into modules which consist of module elements where the physical length is much
      shorter than the actual space constant. The unambiguous representation of the
      anisotropic core geometry has been possible by plotting the decomposed geometries
      separated under the condition of the unidirectional spread of the wave front of
      dendritic potentials. This decomposition has revealed the bidirectional,
      "smoothed" core geometries as a function of irregular distribution of
      varicosities or spines. The shape of decomposed core geometries may change
      according to the position of the input site. The shaping of core geometry
      reflects the electrotonic effectiveness of a synaptic site to any arbitrary
      locations which may lead to considerable savings in computations on synaptic
      effects. The detailed, computer-reconstructed geometry of the apical dendritic
      field of the pyramidal cell has been analysed by the proposed method. The
      frequency-dependence of input impedances has been compared between the original
      and the transformed core geometries assuming that the current is injected into
      the soma. The significance of dendritic irregularities in the impedance matching
      has been studied when the shaping of the core geometry has been induced by
      laminar inputs. The proposed approach may be useful in comparing the input
      dependence of the receptive fields of different non-smooth cells. The mismatch of
      the core geometries induced by the opposite travelling waves from the same
      anatomical location has also been studied and the possible control of the
      preferred, direction-sensitive activities will be discussed. The important
      differences between the compartmental modelings based on the known isotropic
      treatment of dendrites and the more realistic anisotropic approach will be
      illustrated.

PMID- 3405427
TI  - The effect of lanthanum on nerve terminals in goldfish muscle after paralysis
      with tetanus toxin.
AB  - Lanthanum (1.9 mM) has previously been shown to produce a massive increase in the
      frequency of spontaneous miniature junction potentials at the neuromuscular
      junctions of goldfish fin muscles. In fins where transmission has been blocked by
      previous injection of tetanus toxin and where there are few (if any) spontaneous
      miniature potentials, lanthanum treatment is able to restore a modest frequency.
      The results of parallel experiments in which the ultrastructure of the nerve
      endings has been investigated by electron microscopy are reported. In normal
      goldfish muscles, the lanthanum-induced increase in frequency is accompanied by
      depletion of synaptic vesicles. In contrast, there is no depletion in tetanus
      toxin-paralysed nerve endings subjected to lanthanum treatment, which parallels
      the relative insensitivity of the endings to activation by lanthanum. Of
      particular interest is the finding that the lanthanum treatment of the toxin
      muscles apparently causes accumulation of vesicles in a row just inside the
      terminal membrane, both at synaptic and non-synaptic positions. The results are
      discussed with respect to the mechanisms of transmitter release and to the
      actions of tetanus toxin and lanthanum.

PMID- 3405428
TI  - Transplants of the embryonal rat somatosensory neocortex in the barrel field of
      the adult rat: responses of the grafted neurons to sensory stimulation.
AB  - The degree of participation of grafted neurons in sensory analysis was
      investigated in embryonal rat somatosensory neocortex transplanted into the
      cavity at the place of the barrel field in the neocortex (SI) of adult rats. The
      neurons were investigated extracellularly 3 to 6 months after grafting. In the
      majority of grafts the neurons had normal levels and patterns of spontaneous
      activity. Many of them (65%) responded to displacement of the whiskers with
      latencies insignificantly different (18 +/- 0.8 ms) from those for reactions in
      the intact barrel field (16 +/- 0.5 ms). The receptive fields of the grafted
      neurons were very large. None of the neurons responded to stimulation of a single
      vibrissa, as in intact cortex. As a rule, the same neuron responded to isolated
      deflections of several (up to 10-20) vibrissae. Many of them were responsive to
      stimulation of the small anterior vibrissae and tactile stimulation of nose,
      limbs and body surface. Nevertheless, there was some spatial gradient in the
      effectiveness of stimulation of the body surface at various distances from the
      vibrissal pad; among effective vibrissae, usually several adjacent ones (2-4)
      produced larger responses with shorter latencies than the other ones. All units
      responded to painful stimuli irrespective of their location. The data show that
      the grafted neurons receive and may transmit sensory signals. The grafts which
      were proved histologically to be isolated from the host's brain did not respond
      to sensory stimulation and were characterized by the presence of aperiodic
      hypersynchronous bursts in their background activity. Electrophysiological
      criteria may be used for intravital diagnosis on the degree of the graft
      morphofunctional integration.

PMID- 3405429
TI  - Conditioned medium alters electrophysiological and transmitter-related properties
      expressed by rat enteric neurons in cell culture.
AB  - We have previously shown that rat enteric neurons display many of their in vivo
      phenotypes when they are dissociated and grown in long-term cell culture. To
      assess the degree of plasticity of these phenotypes we have examined the effect
      of medium conditioned by rat heart cells because this treatment strongly affects
      transmitter properties in rat sympathetic neurons in culture. Growth of enteric
      neurons for 3-4 weeks in conditioned medium caused several changes that are
      similar to previously described effects of conditioned medium on other neuronal
      cell types in culture. When compared to cultures grown in control medium,
      cultures grown in conditioned medium: (i) contained three times as many large
      (greater than 25 micron) neurons; (ii) synthesized and stored 3-4 times as much
      acetylcholine; (iii) contained 4-5 times as many neurons with detectable 5
      hydroxytryptamine immunoreactivity; and (iv) contained 10 times as many neurons
      that fired repetitively during sustained depolarization. Several other changes,
      which have not been reported in other systems, were also observed. Conditioned
      medium cultures: (i) contained many fewer neuronal processes with
      immunohistochemically detectable vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, substance P,
      somatostatin, and [Met]enkephalin; (ii) contained 70% fewer neuronal cell bodies
      with vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-like immunoreactivity; and (iii) contained
      four times as many neurons that had muscarinic responses to acetylcholine. None
      of the changes in properties described above uniformly affected all enteric
      neurons, even after 6 weeks of growth in conditioned medium. We conclude that the
      heterogeneity of enteric neuron phenotypes is established prior to birth and
      limits the capacity of certain subsets of neurons to respond to exogenous factors
      in the environment. Nevertheless, the phenotypes of other subsets of neurons
      displayed considerable plasticity when exposed to conditioned medium.

PMID- 3405430
TI  - Occurrence and developmental pattern of neuromedin U-immunoreactive nerves in the
      gastrointestinal tract and brain of the rat.
AB  - Neuromedin U is a newly described regulatory peptide, found by radioimmunoassay
      in significant concentrations in both the brain and gut of the rat. The aim of
      the present study was to localize this peptide immunoreactivity to discrete
      structures of the gut and brain and to map its distribution using
      immunocytochemistry. In the gut, neuromedin U was confined to nerve fibres mainly
      in the myenteric and submucous plexuses and the mucosa of all areas except
      stomach. Immunoreactive ganglion cells were seen in both ganglionated plexuses
      and their number did not increase following colchicine administration. This
      observation and the finding that the population of neuromedin U-immunoreactive
      nerves in the ileum was not affected by complete extrinsic denervation indicated
      that the nerves are mostly intrinsic in origin. Colocalization studies revealed
      neuromedin U and calcitonin gene-related peptide were present in the same
      myenteric and submucosal ganglion cells. Transection experiments showed that,
      like calcitonin gene-related peptide-immunoreactive nerves, fibres containing
      neuromedin U project for very short distances in both an oral and anal direction.
      At the electron microscopic level, neuromedin U immunoreactivity, demonstrated
      using the immunogold technique, was localized to large granular vesicles. In the
      central nervous system, neuromedin U immunoreactivity was localized to fibres
      which were widespread throughout the brain, except in the cerebellum. The
      presence of neuromedin U-immunoreactive cell bodies was restricted to the
      rostrocaudal part of the arcuate nucleus. Colocalization studies showed that a
      proportion of the neuromedin U-immunoreactive cell bodies in the arcuate nucleus
      also contained pro-opiomelanocortin. Neuromedin U-immunoreactive fibres were
      first detected in the rat intestinal mucosa at day 1 after birth. In the brain,
      the arcuate nucleus showed neuromedin U-immunoreactive neuronal cell bodies at
      E16 but not at E14. In conclusion, neuromedin U is a new member of the group of
      molecules known as brain-gut peptides.

PMID- 3405431
TI  - The pre- and postnatal development of the dopaminergic cell groups in the ventral
      mesencephalon and the dopaminergic innervation of the striatum of the rat.
AB  - In the adult rat the striatum is a compartmentalized structure, which is
      reflected in the inhomogeneous distribution of dopamine. As a first step to test
      the hypothesis that dopamine plays an organizational role in the development of
      the striatum, the ontogeny of the dopaminergic system was studied in detail with
      immunocytochemical methods employing antibodies against dopamine. Rat embryos,
      fetuses, pups and adults were perfusion-fixed with glutaraldehyde on all prenatal
      days from E11 onward, postnatally on P2, P4, P6, P7, P8, P13, P14, P20, P21, and
      in adult age. On E13 the first dopaminergic cells are detected in the ventral
      prosencephalon. On E14 two dopaminergic cell groups are present in the ventral
      mesencephalon, and fibres of these cells reach the ventrolateral part of the
      ganglionic eminence. In the next two days both the cell groups and their
      projections rapidly increase in size. On E17 the afferent dopaminergic fibres to
      the striatum become aligned and form huge bundles that are closely associated
      with the fascicles of the internal capsule. Rostrally, the development of the
      striatal dopaminergic innervation shows a clear ventrolateral to dorsomedial
      gradient, whereas more caudally the dopaminergic fibres innervate the striatum
      from a ventromedial position. The lateral parts of the otherwise compact
      mesencephalic cell groups consist of loosely arranged cells. From E17 onward
      these cells become arranged into a dorsal and a ventral group. Just before birth,
      on E21, the primordia of the dopaminergic cell groups in the substantia nigra
      pars compacta and pars reticulata can be observed. On E19 several centres with
      extensive fibre ramifications along the dorsolateral margin of the caudate
      putamen represent the first signs of the inhomogeneous distribution of
      dopaminergic fibres in the dorsal striatum seen during the next two weeks. In the
      following pre- and postnatal days these so-called dopaminergic "patches" also
      appear more medially. By the third postnatal week most of the patches are no
      longer detectable, and only the most dorsolaterally located ones, i.e. in the
      region where they first were detected on E19, remain visible through to the adult
      stage. Prenatally, no varicosities can be observed in the dopaminergic fibres.
      The first varicosities appear after birth. Their number increase rapidly during
      the first and second postnatal weeks and reaches near adult levels on P20. The
      development of the striatal dopaminergic innervation, and that of the "patches"
      in particular, is discussed in relation to the development of the mesencephalic
      dopaminergic cell groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3405432
TI  - The effects of N-acetylaspartylglutamate and distribution of N
      acetylaspartylglutamate-like immunoreactivity in the rat somatosensory thalamus.
AB  - The ventrobasal thalamus and adjacent regions were stained for the presence of N
      acetylaspartylglutamate-like immunoreactivity. Immunoreactive axonal terminals
      were observed in this area and also in certain non-specific thalamic nuclei, the
      reticular thalamic nucleus and the lateral geniculate nucleus. Stained somata
      were found in the habenula, centrolateral thalamic nucleus and reticular thalamic
      nucleus. Iontophoretically applied N-acetylaspartylglutamate had variable,
      although predominantly inhibitory, actions on ventrobasal thalamus neurons. These
      results indicate that N-acetylaspartylglutamate is unlikely to be the
      neurotransmitter of ascending somatosensory afferents, but do not rule out the
      possibility that it has some other neurotransmitter or neuromodulator role in the
      ventrobasal thalamus.

PMID- 3405433
TI  - Effects of subacute capsaicin treatment on local cerebral glucose utilization in
      the rat.
AB  - The autoradiographic 2-deoxy-D-[1-14C]glucose method was used to map the effect
      of subacute capsaicin administration on local cerebral glucose utilization, an
      index of brain function. After treatment with an 80 mg/kg, subcutaneous,
      cumulative dose of capsaicin over 3 days, a challenge dose of 20 mg/kg capsaicin
      stimulated glucose utilization in dorsal column and brainstem nuclei which
      receive primary sensory afferent input or are important in autonomic functions.
      Glucose utilization in the medial septum was simultaneously reduced. Following a
      280 mg/kg cumulative dose of capsaicin over 5 days, a capsaicin challenge dose of
      20 mg/kg did not stimulate glucose utilization in the hindbrain, but the
      decrement in the medial septum was maintained and extended into the lateral
      septum. The findings provide evidence for a central component of the stimulation
      and subsequent insensitivity observed with continued capsaicin treatment, and
      suggest that the deoxyglucose procedure is useful in elucidating the
      neuroanatomical areas involved in several of the sensory and autonomic effects of
      capsaicin.

PMID- 3405434
TI  - The distribution of melanin-concentrating hormone-like immunoreactivity in the
      central nervous system of rat, guinea-pig, pig and man.
AB  - The distribution of melanin-concentrating hormone-like immunoreactivity was
      investigated by radioimmunoassay in the CNS of rat, guinea-pig, pig and man.
      Highest concentrations of melanin-concentrating hormone-like immunoreactivity
      were found in the hypothalamus of all the species: rat 204.4 +/- 14.9; guinea-pig
      159.5 +/- 23.3; pig 10.9 +/- 4.5 and man 80.1 +/- 19.1 pmol/g. Gel
      chromatographic analysis of hypothalamic extracts showed five immunoreactive
      peaks of melanin-concentrating hormone-like immunoreactivity in the rat and pig
      and six in the guinea-pig and man. High-performance liquid chromatography
      analysis of hypothalamic extracts showed five immunoreactive peaks in rat, guinea
      pig, pig and four in man. However, these peaks appeared at different retention
      times from that of the single peak of salmon melanin-concentrating hormone.
      Examination of subcellular fractions of whole rat brain showed that most of the
      melanin-concentrating hormone-like immunoreactivity is found in the synaptosome
      fraction. Stimulation of melanin-concentrating hormone-like immunoreactivity
      release from rat hypothalamic slices revealed that potassium in the presence of
      calcium stimulated melanin-concentrating hormone-like immunoreactivity release.
      These findings suggest that mammalian melanin-concentrating hormone-like
      immunoreactivity has a different amino acid sequence from salmon melanin
      concentrating hormone and may exist in multiple molecular forms. It is possible
      that melanin-concentrating hormone may play a role as a neurotransmitter or
      modulator in the mammalian CNS.

PMID- 3405435
TI  - Distribution of GABA-like immunoreactivity in the pigeon brain.
AB  - The distribution of GABA-like immunoreactivity in glutaraldehyde-fixed pigeon
      brains was studied by means of a monoclonal antibody. GABA-like immunoreactivity
      was observed in neuronal perikarya of different sizes as well as in neuropil and
      in certain fiber tracts. Certain staining patterns indicated the existence of
      several GABAergic projection systems in the pigeon brain. Indeed, a high density
      of immunostained perikarya and a low density of labeled terminal-like elements
      was the prominent pattern in the nuclei subpretectalis and posteroventralis,
      while an absence of perikaryal GABA-like immunoreactivity and accumulations of
      immunoreactive dots were observed in the isthmo-optic nucleus, amongst others. In
      the optic tectum, stained cell bodies with radially oriented processes in layer
      IIi (10) and with horizontally oriented processes in layer IId (5) were seen and
      were reminiscent of autoradiographic labeling patterns obtained previously
      following tectal injection of tritiated GABA. In the cerebellum, GABA-like
      immunoreactivity involved all types of neurons with the exception of granule
      cells. Purkinje cells showed regionally different intensities of immunostaining.
      In addition, in folium X no stained basket-like elements were observed. Although
      there is no evidence as yet about the function of GABA in most of the structures,
      the present results indicate an important role for this neurotransmitter in the
      pigeon brain.

PMID- 3405436
TI  - Studies of axon-glial cell interactions and periaxonal K- homeostasis--I. The
      influence of Na+, K+, Cl- and cholinergic agents on the membrane potential of the
      adaxonal glia of the crayfish medial giant axon.
AB  - The ionic basis for the low (-40 mV) resting membrane potential of glial cells
      surrounding the giant axons of the crayfish and their hyperpolarization by
      cholinergic agents (to -55 mV) was studied using standard electrophysiological
      techniques, ionic substitutions and pharmacological agents. The resting membrane
      potential of the glial cell was depolarized by increasing [K+]o, but the response
      was not Nernstian. Na+ depletion caused a small depolarization of the glial
      resting membrane potential, whereas Cl- depletion resulted in a hyperpolarization
      comparable to that seen with carbachol at various [K+]o. Both furosemide (1 mM)
      and bumetanide (0.1 mM) produced an 8-10 mV hyperpolarization as compared to 15
      17 mV seen with Cl- depletion or carbachol. Carbachol has no further effect on
      the potential following furosemide treatment or Cl- depletion. After carbachol
      administration or Cl- depletion the resting membrane potential of the glial cell
      responded to [K+]o in a more Nernstian manner. The data indicate that the low
      resting membrane potential of glial cells is due to a combination of a low [K+]i
      and an outwardly-directed (depolarizing) Cl- electrochemical gradient. Carbachol
      acts to decrease Cl- conductance, resulting in the hyperpolarization of the glial
      cell membrane and a decrease in the outwardly-directed K+ electrochemical
      gradient by approximately two-thirds. We hypothesize that this mechanism for
      modulation of the glial cell membrane potential and the K+ electrochemical
      gradient serves to enhance the uptake of K+ by the glial cell transport system.

PMID- 3405437
TI  - Studies of axon-glial cell interactions and periaxonal K+ homeostasis--II. The
      effect of axonal stimulation, cholinergic agents and transport inhibitors on the
      resistance in series with the axon membrane.
AB  - The small electrical resistance in series with the axon membrane is generally
      modeled as the intercellular pathway for current flow through the periaxonal
      glial (Schwann cell) sheath. The series resistance of the medial giant axon of
      the crayfish, Procambarus clarkii, was found to vary with conditions known to
      affect the electrical properties of the periaxonal glia. Series resistance was
      estimated from computer analysed voltage waveforms generated by axial wire
      constant current and space clamp techniques. The average series resistance for
      all axons was 6.2 +/- 0.5 omega cm2 (n = 128). Values ranged between 1 and 30
      omega cm2. The series resistance of axons with low resting membrane resistance
      (less than 1500 omega cm2) increased an average of 30% when stimulated for 45 s
      to 7 min (50 Hz) whereas the series resistance of high membrane resistance
      (greater than 1500 omega cm2) axons decreased an average of 10%. Carbachol (10(
      7) M) caused the series resistance of low membrane resistance axons to decrease
      during stimulation but had no effect on high membrane resistance axons. d
      Tubocurare (10(-8) M) caused the series resistance of high membrane resistance
      axons to increase during stimulation but had no effect on low membrane resistance
      axons. Bumetanide, a Na-K-Cl cotransport inhibitor and low [K+]o, prevented the
      stimulation-induced increase in series resistance of low membrane resistance
      axons but had no effect on the high membrane resistance axons. The results
      suggest that the series resistance of axons varies in response to the activity of
      the glial K+ uptake mechanisms stimulated by the appearance of K+ in the
      periaxonal space during action potential generation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3405438
TI  - Studies of axon-glial cell interactions and periaxonal K+ homeostasis--III. The
      effect of anisosmotic media and potassium on the relationship between the
      resistance in series with the axon membrane and glial cell volume.
AB  - The effect of anisosmotic physiological solutions and [K+]o on the resistance in
      series with the axon membrane were studied in medial giant axons of the crayfish,
      Procambarus clarkii, to determine if changes in series resistance are correlated
      with changes in glial cell volume and volume regulatory responses. Series
      resistance was estimated from computer analysed voltage waveforms generated by
      constant current and space clamp techniques using piggy-back axial wire current
      passing and glass pipette recording electrodes. Axons subjected to anisosmotic
      physiological solution in the range of 23 to 175% of isosmolar solution
      demonstrated that the series resistance of axons changes in a manner similar to
      that expected for a volume change in isolated cells. In hyperosmotic solution the
      series resistance changes biphasically, initially decreasing followed by a
      recovery of the series resistance, similar to the regulatory volume increase
      described for glial cells in culture. The increase in series resistance following
      the initial decrease is inhibited by bumetanide (0.1 mM). Ouabain (1 mM), an
      inhibitor of the volume decreasing Na-K pump, causes the series resistance to
      increase significantly above that seen for the no-drug control. Bumetanide, an
      inhibitor of the volume increasing Na-K-Cl cotransporter, inhibits the volume
      regulatory response to anisosmotic media. Treating the axon with three times
      normal external [K+] causes the series resistance to decrease approximately 15%
      while five times normal [K+] leads to a 15% increase in series resistance. Both
      ouabain and d-tubocurare (10(-p8) M) prevent the three-fold [K+]-induced decrease
      in series resistance while carbachol (10(-7) M) and bumetanide have little
      effect. On the other hand, ouabain enhances the five-fold [K+]-induced increase
      in series resistance while carbachol and bumetanide cause the five-fold [K+]
      response to be in a decreasing direction. d-Tubocurare has little effect on the
      five-fold [K+]-induced increase in series resistance. The study demonstrates that
      under the conditions of these experiments changes in series resistance are a
      reflection of changes in cell volume modulated by ouabain- and bumetanide
      sensitive K+ uptake mechanisms. The effects of carbachol and d-tubocurare on the
      series resistance suggest that their effects are modulated through their actions
      on the glial cell membrane potential and the electrochemical gradient for K+,
      which in turn controls the amount of K+ that appears in the periaxonal
      space.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3405439
TI  - Idazoxan blocks the action of noradrenaline but not spinal inhibition from
      electrical stimulation of the locus coeruleus and nucleus Kolliker-Fuse of the
      cat.
AB  - The effects of idazoxan, a specific alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist, on spinal
      inhibition by administration of noradrenaline and from electrical stimulation of
      the dorsolateral pons were studied in 26 cats anaesthetized with sodium
      pentobarbitone. The excitation of dorsal horn neurons of the spinal cord by
      noxious heating of the skin or by impulses in unmyelinated primary afferent
      fibres was markedly reduced when noradrenaline was administered
      microelectrophoretically in the substantia gelatinosa or near cell bodies.
      Electrical stimulation of the region of the locus coeruleus selectively inhibited
      spinal nociceptive transmission when dorsal horn neurons were excited by noxious
      and non-noxious stimuli. In contrast to stimulation of the locus coeruleus,
      stimulation of the nucleus Kolliker-Fuse produced non-selective inhibition of
      both nociceptive and non-nociceptive responses of dorsal horn neurons of the
      spinal cord. Microelectrophoretic ejection of idazoxan reduced or abolished
      noradrenaline-induced inhibition with 19 of 20 neurons. This antagonist did not
      alter inhibition from stimulation of the locus coeruleus and the nucleus Kolliker
      Fuse, regardless of whether it was administered microelectrophoretically (11
      neurons), systemically (3 neurons) or topically (4 neurons). The results suggest
      that alpha 2-adrenoceptors do not mediate inhibition of spinal nociceptive
      transmission from electrical stimulation of the locus coeruleus and the nucleus
      Kolliker-Fuse. Other possibilities for the failure of idazoxan to modify
      inhibition from such stimulation are discussed.

PMID- 3405440
TI  - Microsurgery.

PMID- 3405441
TI  - A training course in microsurgery: a must for all surgical internes?

PMID- 3405442
TI  - Reconstructive approach of chronic oedema of the lower limb.
AB  - The results are presented of 22 reconstructive operations in 22 patients with
      venous and/or lymphatic oedema of the leg, after a maximum follow-up of three
      years. An overall patency rate of venous anastomoses of 92% and symptomatic
      improvement in 75% after lymphovenous anastomoses, indicates that there is a
      place for reconstruction in a highly selected group of cases. Deep venous
      insufficiency is diagnosed by transbrachial descending phlebography and direct
      venous pressure determination. Mixed forms of oedema, i.e. combined venous and
      secondary lymphatic, frequently occur in patients who have undergone tumour
      resections and radiotherapy. Both non-invasive plethysmography and routine
      phlebography via venipuncture on the dorsum of the foot are not reliable in
      diagnosing mixed oedema. For adequate visualization, direct puncture of the
      femoral vein in the groin is recommended.

PMID- 3405443
TI  - The radial forearm flap.
AB  - The radial forearm flap or 'Chinese' flap, originally used as a fasciocutaneous
      flap based on the radial artery, is extremely versatile and can be employed as
      free vascularized or island flap with or without skin, vascularized nerve,
      tendons or bone. The radial forearm flap was performed in 21 patients (16 free
      and 5 as a distally based island flap) for head and neck as well as for hand and
      foot reconstruction. All flaps survived. Indications and complications are
      discussed.

PMID- 3405444
TI  - Management of chronic osteomyelitis of the lower extremity.
AB  - Chronic osteomyelitis is a frequent complication after compound fractures of the
      lower extremity. Essential in the treatment is the radical debridement of all
      scar tissue, muscle and infected bone. This often creates large tissue defects,
      which especially in the distal third of the tibia, can only be closed with a free
      tissue transfer and revascularized by a microvascular anastomosis. Ten patients
      were operated on for chronic osteomyelitis of the lower extremity. The latissimus
      dorsi or rectus abdominis muscle was used as a free flap. During the follow-up
      period (3-18 months) 9 patients have remained free of symptoms of recurrence.

PMID- 3405446
TI  - Evaluation of five training courses in microsurgery.

PMID- 3405445
TI  - Results of primary repair of ulnar and median nerve injuries at the wrist: an
      evaluation of sensibility and motor recovery.
AB  - Sensibility and motor recovery after primary repair of ulnar and median nerve
      injuries at the wrist were evaluated in 21 patients (22 injuries). The outcome
      was graded according to the MRC system and correlated with the clinical results.
      Follow-up after an average of two years showed good clinical results in 10 cases,
      fair results in 9 and bad results in 3 cases. Primary neurorrhaphy can be
      considered as the treatment of choice for serious ulnar and median nerve injuries
      of the wrist in accordance with previous studies.

PMID- 3405447
TI  - Possibilities and pitfalls in clinical applications of cognitive-developmental
      theory.

PMID- 3405448
TI  - Cognitive-developmental differences in emotional understanding.

PMID- 3405449
TI  - Formal operations and interpersonal and affective disturbances in adolescents.

PMID- 3405450
TI  - Cognitive differences in classification tasks among autistic children.

PMID- 3405451
TI  - A constructivist approach to developmental psychopathology.

PMID- 3405452
TI  - [Influence of posture in respiratory function examination of obese subjects. I.
      In the healthy subject without ventilation disorders].
AB  - On earlier occasions healthy subjects, and chronic bronchopneumopathy patients
      were subjected to respiratory function tests in different postures using the
      plethysmographic and helium dilution methods. This protocol was then applied to a
      series of obese patients without the functional characteristics of alveolar
      hypoventilation identified in preliminary functional tests. The study revealed:
      a) non significant differences between plethysmographic and helium dilution
      findings; b) no significant volumetric differences produced by different postures
      (standing or squatting) especially as far as Total Lung Capacity is concerned.
      These results confirm the findings of others (Sharp et al., 1986) that
      diaphragmatic adjustment to changes in posture is inadequate in the obese even in
      the absence of hypoventilation.

PMID- 3405453
TI  - [Influence of posture in respiratory function examination in obese subjects. II.
      In the patient with ventilation disorders].
AB  - On earlier occasions healthy subjects, and normal weight cold patients and obese
      subjects not suffering from hypoventilation were subjected to respiratory
      function tests in different postures using the plethysmographic and helium
      dilution methods. This protocol was then applied to a series of obese patients
      with the functional characteristics of alveolar hypoventilation identified in
      preliminary functional tests. The study revealed: a) significant differences
      between plethysmographic and helium dilution findings; b) not significant
      volumetric differences produces by different postures (standing or squatting)
      especially as far as Total Lung Capacity and the main lung volume parameters are
      concerned. These results confirm the findings of others (Sharp et al., 1986) that
      diaphragmatic adjustment to changes in posture is inadequate in the obese with
      bronchial obstruction in whom absence of the fibre-length compensation
      phrenophrenic reflex and by the muscle flattening cause by the alveolar
      hyperinsufflation. On the basis of these data and others already published an
      index of "diaphragmatic passivity" based on the ratio between TLC in squatting
      and TLC in standing x 100 is proposed as an indicator of the lung volume
      available for use. This simple system would indicate the functional condition of
      the diaphragm and provide information for the functional assessment of patients
      proposed for rehabilitation treatment during follow-up.

PMID- 3405454
TI  - [Update on paraneoplastic hypercalcemia. Our experience in the treatment of
      hypercalcemic states of patients with advanced breast carcinoma].
AB  - The treatment of hypercalcemia of malignancy is troublesome. Personal experience
      with breast cancer associated hypercalcemia is presented. Eight patients were
      hydrated with intravenous administration of saline solution containing high doses
      of salmon calcitonin and subsequently six were treated with antiblastic
      polychemotherapy. Calcium level fell to normal in all patients. Hypercalcemia,
      with or without evidence of metastatic bone disease, may be caused by the
      production of humoral substance by tumoral tissue. In our experience the first
      therapeutic stage is the infusion of saline solution containing high doses of
      calcitonin, while the elective treatment is antiblastic polychemotherapy which,
      acting on tumour growth, may inhibit the release of humoral mediators of
      hypercalcemia causing a slower but stable reduction in serum calcium level.

PMID- 3405455
TI  - [Post-actinic pulmonary fibrosis. Longitudinal study of 279 cases].
AB  - The incidence and extent of postactinic pulmonary fibrosis was investigated in
      relation to the different types of radiation therapy. For this purpose, 131
      patients treated with fast electron (for breast cancer) and 148 patients treated
      with TCT (for breast cancer and cancer of other nature) observed in the period
      1976-1987 were followed up (from 13 months to 7 years). The frequency of
      postactinic fibrosis was much less in the first group of patients than the second
      (6.61% vs 18.99%); further, the functional damage in these patients proved less
      and developed in a less unfavourable way.

PMID- 3405456
TI  - [Reactions caused by Hymenoptera: a first aid problem].
AB  - The incidence of reactions to insect bites both local (erythema, pemphigus,
      oedema, itching) and systemic (urticaria, angioedema, anaphylactic shock) in
      Borgomanero (NO) National Health Clinic 54 was assessed. The high incidence of
      medical treatments for this pathology encountered reflects the fact that in the
      summer and in a rural area a great many people are exposed to this type of
      emergency. The importance of careful diagnosis (anamnesis, skin allergy tests,
      RAST is emphasised as a means of identifying cases at allergic risk and providing
      the appropriate immunotherapy.

PMID- 3405457
TI  - [Peritonitis in elderly patients. Diagnostic and therapeutic considerations].
AB  - Abdominal surgical emergencies in the aged patients are considered on the basis
      of personal experience. Peritonitis from acute infections, is for many reasons, a
      higher challenge in the elderly.

PMID- 3405458
TI  - [Isoenzymes of serum N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase in insulin-dependent
      diabetic subjects].
AB  - N-acetyl-beta-D-glycosaminidase (NAG) isoenzymes were studied in 28 insulin
      dependent diabetics. After electrophoretic migration isoenzyme. A levels were
      higher than in healthy controls. This suggests that the increase in total serum
      NAG in diabetics is due to a specific increase in this enzyme. A comparison of
      these results with those of other authors suggests that NAG alterations are
      specific to various pathologies.

PMID- 3405459
TI  - [Teachers and smoking. Methods and results of an awareness and up-dating program
      in Ligurian schools].
AB  - An investigation on smoking habits of teachers of secondary and high schools
      allowed the collection of very interesting and useful data for the organization
      of post-graduate up-date courses and health education programs. Smokers'
      proportion remains still high, as 35% of males and 30% of females teachers are
      smokers; this situation is different in other countries, where an inverse
      relationship exists between smoking habit and economic welfare and cultural
      level. The number of daily-cigarettes was rather low only in females teachers, as
      50% smoked less than 5-10 daily-cigarettes. Teachers' interviews suggested the
      high degree of interest in the organization of health education programs and
      courses on smoking, with special regard to the courses on smoking, with special
      regard to the methodology that is required for prevention programs in the school.
      The high attendance to the courses, the quantity and quality of teachers' reports
      on these problems and the practical application in school environment of these
      theoretical concepts confirmed the reliability and effectiveness of this
      methodologic approach.

PMID- 3405460
TI  - [Multiple lentigines syndrome or leopard syndrome. Presentation of a clinical
      case].
AB  - Multiple lentigenes syndrome is a complex genetic dermatosis with dominant
      autosomal transmission an varying degrees of penetration first described in 1969.
      Apart from disseminated lentigenes at least two of the following are present:
      cardiac and neurosensory alterations, cervicofacial genitourinary and
      endocrinological dysmorphias, retarded growth and other skin conditions. MLS has
      also been called LEOPARD syndrome (Gorlin et al. 1969), thus being an acronym
      that memorizes the various anomalies involved: L = lentigines, E = ECG anomalies,
      O = ocular hypertelorism, P = pulmonary stenosis, A = anomalies of the genital
      organs, R = retarded growth, D = deafness. The clinical and diagnostic aspects of
      MLS are critically analysed and the case of a woman with the syndrome admitted to
      San Camillo Hospital, Rome is examined.

PMID- 3405463
TI  - [International Congress on Cerebral Ischemia. Venafro, Isernia, 12-14 June 1986.
      Proceedings].

PMID- 3405461
TI  - [Systemic lupus erythematosus in an elderly man with hepatic involvement, skin
      hyperpigmentation and increase in tumor markers].
AB  - A previously healthy 62 years old man was admitted for weight loss, weakness and
      pigmentation of skin with increased tumor markers and altered hepatic tests. The
      final diagnosis was Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, despite clinical appearance.
      High doses of glucocorticoids were used and a sudden improving of the disease was
      obtained.

PMID- 3405462
TI  - [Conference at the Medical Academy of Rome on "The LAS-AIDS sequence at the lymph
      node level: histogenesis and pathogenesis"].

PMID- 3405464
TI  - [Transient ischemic attacks].

PMID- 3405465
TI  - [Complicated migraine and ischemic cerebrovascular disease].

PMID- 3405466
TI  - [Diabetes mellitus and cerebrovascular disease].

PMID- 3405467
TI  - [Evaluation of risk factors for cerebral ischemia in an elderly population].

PMID- 3405468
TI  - [Research on a predictive clinical pattern of dementia in subjects with cerebral
      ischemia].

PMID- 3405469
TI  - [Cerebrovascular diseases and arterial hypertension].

PMID- 3405470
TI  - [Prognostic factors in acute cerebral infarct].

PMID- 3405471
TI  - [Leukocyte activation in cerebral ischemia].

PMID- 3405472
TI  - [X-ray computerized tomography aspects and clinico-pathogenetic correlates in
      cerebrovascular pathology in the acute phase].

PMID- 3405473
TI  - [Neuroangiographic study in ischemic vascular pathology].

PMID- 3405474
TI  - [Screening of cerebral lacunae in the elderly. Technic, methodology and results].

PMID- 3405475
TI  - [Arterial digital angiography in patients with supratentorial reversible ischemic
      attacks].

PMID- 3405476
TI  - [Therapy of cerebral ischemia. Introductory remarks].

PMID- 3405477
TI  - [Prevention of the recurrence of episodes of cerebral ischemia. Therapeutic
      protocol].

PMID- 3405479
TI  - [Cerebral ischemia in young adults].

PMID- 3405478
TI  - [Cerebral flow in occlusive pathology of the internal carotid from the surgical
      prospective. Preliminary results].

PMID- 3405482
TI  - Discovery of blood donor identities.

PMID- 3405480
TI  - AIDS--public knowledge in Norway 1986.
AB  - This paper studied different kinds of knowledge related to HIV/AIDS in the adult
      Norwegian population. The empirical basis stems from two national interview
      surveys conducted in 1986. Data were analysed using contingency table analysis
      and multiple classification analysis (MCA). Totally, 64% knew that HIV/AIDS is
      caused by a virus. Homosexuals, drug-users, prostitutes and bisexuals were
      mentioned most often as groups at high risk of becoming infected. As to knowledge
      about the transmission of the infection, 95% were aware that sex between men and
      blood transfusion may be channels of infection, 93% recognized contaminated
      needles, and 85% sexual contact with a person of the opposite sex as possible
      routes of transmission. A substantial number of respondents were uncertain
      whether the infection can be transmitted through social contact. Knowledge about
      HIV/AIDS increased with diminishing age and with increased level of income and
      education. The direct effect of age upon knowledge may be explained by the theory
      of selective exposure, which predicts that the seeking of information is
      influenced by personal needs and interests. The social gradient of knowledge
      about HIV/AIDS reflects the general flow of information in a social system, and
      differences in the use of the media by the different social subgroups. Finally,
      the paper underlines the importance of filling the gaps in the public knowledge
      about how HIV/AIDS is not transmitted, in order to prevent unfounded fear,
      stigmatisation and discrimination.

PMID- 3405483
TI  - Inaugural address.

PMID- 3405481
TI  - AIDS--sources of information and public opinion in Norway 1986.
AB  - The present paper deals with three issues related to public opinion in Norway: 1)
      the importance and credibility of HIV/AIDS information sources; 2) changes or
      intended changes of sexual behaviour because of fear of HIV/AIDS and, 3)
      attitudes towards homosexuals and the integrity of HIV-infected persons. The data
      stem from a national interview survey conducted in 1986, and the sample is
      considered to be representative of the total adult Norwegian population. By far
      the most important sources of information related to HIV/AIDS are television,
      newspapers, and radio. The subgroup pattern clearly reflects the general pattern
      of media consumption in Norway. Only 2% regarded friends as important information
      sources, indicating that HIV/AIDS is not included in the agenda of interpersonal
      communication, either because of lack of personal interest in the issue or
      because HIV/AIDS is a taboo subject. The judgement of the credibility of the
      information sources corresponds to the judgement of the importance of information
      sources at the aggregate level. Totally, 2% reported having changed sexual
      behaviour because of fear of HIV/AIDS. The youngest age group reported change
      (4%) and intended change (6%) more often than did the other age groups. As for
      the attitudes towards homosexuals, the present study indicates a slight increase
      in negative attitude towards homosexuals because of fear of HIV/AIDS.

PMID- 3405484
TI  - Farewell address.

PMID- 3405485
TI  - Aeroallergen prevalence in New Jersey.

PMID- 3405487
TI  - An interview with Molly Joel Coye, public health commissioner. Interview by Linda
      Janet Holmes.

PMID- 3405486
TI  - Impact of the solid waste crisis on medical practices.

PMID- 3405488
TI  - A misleading cervical bruit in carotid occlusion.

PMID- 3405489
TI  - Current status of breast imaging.

PMID- 3405490
TI  - Chemical dependency and the family.

PMID- 3405491
TI  - Comparison of surveys on actuarial data on NPs.

PMID- 3405492
TI  - The treatment of depression in an ambulatory care setting.
AB  - Nurse practitioners in a primary care setting often see patients suffering from
      depression. Many of these patients can be treated in the primary care setting by
      the nurse practitioner, in collaboration with a psychiatric clinical nurse
      specialist. Treatment modalities that can be effectively used for depressed
      patients in this setting include brief individual or group psychotherapy using
      short-term therapy models such as cognitive or interpersonal therapy, and/or
      antidepressant medications. Basic concepts and intervention techniques for the
      cognitive and interpersonal therapy models are described. Tricyclic
      antidepressants are highlighted including tables and content on action, target
      symptom side effects, drug-drug interactions, dosage schedules and patient
      education. In addition, other medications for depression such as lithium,
      monoamine oxidase inhibitors and psychostimulants are briefly reviewed.

PMID- 3405493
TI  - Preventive techniques in infant dental care.
AB  - Dental caries is the most prevalent disease among young people in the United
      States today. Yet, most parents don't realize that early dental care is the best
      insurance against adult dental disease. Because prevention should begin at birth,
      long before the first dental visit, nurse practitioners can play an important
      role in educating parents about the need for early attention to their children's
      dental health. This article presents to the nurse practitioner an overview of
      preventive dental techniques, including the effectiveness and application of
      fluorides, the value of early and regular oral cleaning habits and the importance
      of early and regular consultations with health care professionals.

PMID- 3405494
TI  - Fitting the cervical cap.
AB  - The cervical cap is now available for general use by American women. Several
      steps are necessary to select women who are good candidates for cap usage and to
      successfully fit the cap. Many women are not good candidates for the cap. The cap
      is generally not suitable for women who have recently become sexually active or
      who are first-time contraceptors. Many users are women who cannot use more widely
      available contraceptives. Successful cap use requires a highly motivated,
      persistent woman who will correctly insert and remove her cap. The size, shape,
      length, position and location of the cervix must be assessed by the clinician
      prior to fitting the cap. The cervix should be visually inspected for lesions or
      cervicitis and a Pap smear should be taken. After an initial cap is selected, the
      stability of the cap, gaps between the cap and cervix, areas of uncovered cervix
      and the adequacy of the suction seal should be assessed. The woman should be
      taught how to insert and remove the cap. Additionally, she should be instructed
      to use a backup method of contraception until she is sure that the cap will
      remain in place during sexual intercourse. Successful cap fitting requires a
      careful, methodical approach by the clinician and a carefully selected, highly
      motivated client. This article presents the steps of cervical cap fitting.

PMID- 3405495
TI  - Developing an original tool for research.
AB  - An instrument must be tested for validity and reliability before it can be used
      to measure the variables of interest specified in the research design. If the
      instrument is not valid and reliable, then the results of a study have limited
      credibility or usefulness in practice. The process is meticulous, but the results
      are gratifying when new data on nurse practitioners can be generated.

PMID- 3405496
TI  - Serving as an expert witness in rape cases.
AB  - This article describes the role of the nurse practitioner as an expert witness in
      rape cases. Specific components of preparation for testimony are discussed,
      including the collection of data and protection of evidence; protecting the chain
      of custody; and preparing for testimony before the trial. Testifying about
      physical findings is reviewed as well as the importance of communicating complex
      information in simple words. The nurse practitioner's role in offering expert
      opinion is discussed, and possible questions from the prosecutor and defense
      attorney are noted. Expectations of courtroom procedures as well as suggestions
      for behavior, manner and dress are addressed. Credibility and simplicity are
      stressed.

PMID- 3405497
TI  - Bill limits reimbursement to select providers.

PMID- 3405499
TI  - Visual complaints and video display terminals.

PMID- 3405498
TI  - The use of adrenal medullary and fetal grafts as a treatment for Parkinson
      disease.

PMID- 3405500
TI  - Carcinoma of the male breast.

PMID- 3405501
TI  - Pap smear screening in elderly high-risk women. The role of the primary care
      physician.

PMID- 3405502
TI  - My day on court: thoughts from a summer vacation.

PMID- 3405503
TI  - Ritodrine-associated pulmonary edema.

PMID- 3405504
TI  - Agenesis of the left hepatic lobe with gastric volvulus.

PMID- 3405505
TI  - Single coronary artery originating from the right sinus of Valsalva.

PMID- 3405507
TI  - Protected time.

PMID- 3405506
TI  - Neurologic complications of metoclopramide therapy.

PMID- 3405509
TI  - Campylobacter enteritis.

PMID- 3405508
TI  - Extrapleural hematoma following infraclavicular subclavian vein catheterization.

PMID- 3405510
TI  - The aging of caretakers of those with chronic mental illness.

PMID- 3405511
TI  - Resurgence of acute rheumatic fever.

PMID- 3405512
TI  - Measuring cancer patients' quality of life. A look at physician attitudes.

PMID- 3405513
TI  - Benign epithelial inclusion cyst in an axillary lymph node.

PMID- 3405514
TI  - Acute rheumatic fever in New York City.

PMID- 3405515
TI  - Do-not-resuscitate orders.

PMID- 3405516
TI  - Nonphysician healers.

PMID- 3405518
TI  - Physician penmanship.

PMID- 3405517
TI  - Boxing and the transmission of HIV.

PMID- 3405520
TI  - Injuries from falls.

PMID- 3405519
TI  - Lyme disease.

PMID- 3405522
TI  - Breast cancer screening.

PMID- 3405521
TI  - Prevalence of HIV infection in blood donors.

PMID- 3405523
TI  - How effective are condoms in preventing HIV transmission?

PMID- 3405525
TI  - Physicians' responses to AIDS.

PMID- 3405524
TI  - News from the department of Health and Human Services.

PMID- 3405526
TI  - Hospital bed use by stroke patients: the Auckland stroke study.
AB  - This paper examines the use of hospital beds by stroke patients utilising data
      from a study of a 50% sample of stroke events which occurred in Auckland in a one
      year period during 1981-82. Two-thirds of all stroke patients registered in the
      study were admitted to a public hospital. Patients less than 65 years were twice
      as likely to be admitted than those over the age of 65 and men were 60% more
      likely to be admitted than women. Two-thirds died or were discharged within the
      first month. The average length of stay during the first six months was 38 days
      (median 21 days) and was influenced by the severity of the motor deficit but not
      by age or sex. Extrapolation from the study to the total Auckland population
      indicates that 46 acute and 67 geriatric beds respectively were occupied daily in
      1981-82 by stroke patients. This represented 2% and 15% of all acute and
      geriatric beds respectively in the general public hospitals and suggests that the
      use of public hospital beds by acute stroke patients is relatively low.

PMID- 3405527
TI  - An epidemic of type 3 dengue on Niue Island.
AB  - An epidemic of dengue fever type 3 occurred on the island of Niue late in 1985
      and during the first quarter of 1986. Just over 18% of the population reported
      for medical attention, the disease predominantly affecting teenagers and young
      adults, with equal sex distribution. The epidemic was of the classical dengue
      syndrome and there were no deaths. There were some unusual features. The
      magnitude of antibody rise was unusually high in many of those with no
      preexisting antibody. Despite the large proportion of the population with
      preexisting dengue type 2 antibodies, no cases of dengue haemorrhagic
      fever/dengue shock syndrome were observed, confirming the observations made in
      many other epidemics that these serious complications do not always follow in
      sequential epidemics caused by two different types. A high level of awareness,
      combined public health measures and active community involvement helped to
      control the epidemic early.

PMID- 3405528
TI  - Halothane hepatitis and prompt resolution with methionine therapy: case report.
AB  - A case of halothane induced hepatitis is reported in a middle aged woman who
      underwent gastric surgery for morbid obesity. The abnormalities in her liver
      function tests included a progressive rise in bilirubin level over five weeks.
      Prompt resolution of her jaundice followed the initiation of methionine therapy.

PMID- 3405529
TI  - What should be done about hypercholesterolaemia?
AB  - Recent developments have given new impetus to the prevention of coronary heart
      disease through the control of hypercholesterolaemia and there is increasing
      pressure to identify and treat individuals with high serum cholesterol levels. It
      is now imperative that we develop a rational and cost-effective management
      policy. Epidemiological considerations indicate that although various strategies
      exist, the most cost-effective method of reducing the burden of
      hypercholesterolaemia in New Zealand would be by changing the nations diet as a
      whole. We cannot afford a strategy based primarily on treating high risk
      individuals.

PMID- 3405530
TI  - Avoidable hazard to New Zealand children: case reports of haemorrhagic disease of
      the newborn.
AB  - Haemorrhagic disease of the newborn is preventable by the routine administration
      of vitamin K to newborn babies. Despite this, prophylactic administration of
      Vitamin K1 remains controversial and haemorrhagic disease of the newborn
      continues to cause significant morbidity and mortality. We present two cases of
      this disease occurring recently in this region of New Zealand; one resulting in
      an infant's death, the other baby suffering from an intraventricular haemorrhage
      and secondary hydrocephalus. These cases prompted us to survey major New Zealand
      hospitals to assess their policy as regards routine vitamin K administration to
      newborn infants. The results of this survey suggest that there is now a uniform
      policy in New Zealand hospitals of giving intramuscular vitamin K. However,
      intramuscular vitamin K administration may still be objected to by some parents
      and lead to further cases of this preventable disease. Evidence now available
      shows that vitamin K1 given orally in a dose of 1 mg is effective in preventing
      haemorrhagic disease of the newborn.

PMID- 3405531
TI  - Epilepsy and pregnancy: a review of 26 patients.

PMID- 3405532
TI  - An exercise performance test does not measure physical fitness for the average
      person.
AB  - One hundred and thirty five members of the public who attended a medical school
      open day and who volunteered for a physical fitness assessment were asked to rate
      their own physical fitness and to give a reason for their rating; subjects then
      performed a submaximal exercise test for an estimation of maximum oxygen uptake.
      More than two-thirds of the reasons given for self-rating of fitness were related
      to level of regular exercise, while physical exercise performance, health or
      obesity each accounted for 10% or less of the reasons given. There was no
      significant correlation between self-rating of fitness and maximum oxygen uptake.
      It is concluded that for the average person an estimate of the level of regular
      exercise is likely to be a more appropriate measure of physical fitness than
      performance in an exercise test.

PMID- 3405533
TI  - Hepatitis B virus type 2 in New Zealand.

PMID- 3405534
TI  - Asthma drugs and the Drug Tariff.

PMID- 3405535
TI  - Hayfever in university students.

PMID- 3405536
TI  - The management of the premenopause.

PMID- 3405537
TI  - Vitamin K and the newborn.

PMID- 3405538
TI  - Chelation therapy.

PMID- 3405539
TI  - Reducing hyperlipidaemia.

PMID- 3405540
TI  - The cost of cigarette smoking and the big kill.

PMID- 3405541
TI  - Proposed changes in the Medical Council.

PMID- 3405542
TI  - Unshackling the hospitals.

PMID- 3405543
TI  - A sense of security.

PMID- 3405544
TI  - Mutual feelings.

PMID- 3405545
TI  - Management of pain.

PMID- 3405546
TI  - The mechanism of urinary continence in women with severe uterovaginal prolapse:
      results of barrier studies.
AB  - Eleven continent women with severe degrees of uterovaginal prolapse underwent a
      complete urodynamic evaluation that included passive and dynamic urethral
      pressure profilometry with and without careful barrier reduction of their
      prolapse. The aim of barrier placement was to reduce, but not overcorrect, the
      prolapse and to restrict stress-induced mobility of the viscera posterior and
      superior to the urethra. Each of the women had very high pressure transmission
      ratios in each quarter of the urethra (means of 257, 187, 170, and 166% from
      internal to external quarters) that were significantly reduced with barrier
      placement (means of 78, 84, 85, and 101%). Eight of 11 subjects had pressure
      transmission ratios less than 90% in the proximal three-quarters of the urethra
      with the barrier in place, a finding in nearly all subjects with genuine stress
      urinary incontinence. Maximum urethral closure pressure on passive urethral
      pressure profilometry also decreased significantly from a mean of 75 to 45 cm H2O
      with the barrier in place. We conclude that the stress continence mechanism in
      women with severe prolapse results from posterior-superior visceral descent with
      stress, causing mechanical obstruction of the less mobile urethra. The evaluation
      methods described may be useful in predicting which of these patients may require
      concurrent urethropexy at the time of prolapse reduction surgery to prevent
      postoperative stress urinary incontinence.

PMID- 3405547
TI  - Structural aspects of the extrinsic continence mechanism.
AB  - The changes in urethral pressure that occur during a cough, and microtransducer
      measurements of urethral pressures at rest, suggest that structures extrinsic to
      the urethra and vesical neck influence sphincteric function. The present study
      examined the structure of the extrinsic continence mechanism as it relates to
      these physiologic observations. Serial histologic sections of the pelvic viscera
      made from eight female cadavers and dissections of 34 cadavers were examined. In
      the proximal urethra, the anterior vaginal wall is attached to the muscles of the
      pelvic diaphragm and to the arcus tendineus fasciae pelvis. Contraction of the
      pelvic diaphragm would pull the vagina against the posterior surface of the
      urethra, causing an increase in posteriorly measured "pressures." Support of the
      urethra at rest comes from both its attachment to the arcus tendineus fasciae
      pelvis and the resting tone of the pelvic diaphragm muscles. Two arches of
      striated muscle (compressor urethrae and urethrovaginal sphincter) run over the
      distal urethra in the region of the perineal membrane (ie, urogenital diaphragm).
      Activity of these muscles could compress the urethra distally, causing the
      urethral pressure rise that precedes and exceeds the rise in abdominal pressure
      during a cough and explaining asymmetry of pressure measurements in this area.
      Recognition of these structural relationships can help us understand urethral
      pressures during a cough and directional "pressure" variations seen in patients
      with stress incontinence. They may also contribute to the understanding of
      surgical failures that occur despite successful urethral suspension.

PMID- 3405549
TI  - Percutaneous umbilical cord blood sampling in the evaluation of fetal platelet
      counts in pregnant patients with autoimmune thrombocytopenia purpura.
AB  - Autoimmune thrombocytopenia purpura in pregnancy is associated with fetal
      thrombocytopenia. Twenty-one patients with autoimmune thrombocytopenia purpura
      (22 fetuses) underwent 26 umbilical cord punctures to assess the fetal platelet
      count. Blood could not be obtained from one fetus. Thrombocytopenia (less than
      150,000/microL) was found in five cases, but in none was it of sufficient degree
      to preclude vaginal delivery. Persistent fetal bradycardia necessitating
      emergency cesarean delivery occurred in two cases. Umbilical cord puncture was
      found to be technically more difficult in the term fetus than in the second
      trimester fetus studied in previous investigations.

PMID- 3405548
TI  - Intraurethral-intravesical cough-pressure spike differences in 267 patients
      surgically cured of genuine stress incontinence of urine.
AB  - Cough-pressure spike differences between the urethra and bladder were compared
      before and after surgery that cured genuine stress incontinence in 267 women. In
      97.4% of 151 patients cured by a fascia lata sling procedure, the urethralvesical
      cough-pressure transmission ratio was greater than 100%, and in no case was it
      less than 100%. In 46.6% of 116 patients cured by anterior colporrhaphy, the
      cough-pressure transmission ratio was greater than 100%, and in 20.7% of the 116
      patients, the transmission ratio was less than 100%. The 24 women in the latter
      group were cured by a sufficient increase in resting intraurethral pressure (to
      augment the maximal intraurethral closure pressure with stress) to maintain
      continence with increased intra-abdominal pressure. We believe that urethral
      kinking at the instant of increased intra-abdominal pressure with stress produced
      the greater than 100% cough-pressure transmission ratio seen in 201 (75.3%) of
      the 267 patients cured of genuine stress incontinence.

PMID- 3405550
TI  - The effect of cocaine abuse on birth weight and gestational age.
AB  - A retrospective study of 343 women who lacked prenatal care was conducted to
      ascertain the effect of recent cocaine abuse on birth weight and gestational age.
      All pregnant women admitted in labor to a large urban teaching hospital between
      January 1 and December 31, 1986 who had not received prenatal care were included.
      The charts of these women were evaluated to obtain information about medical and
      obstetric complications of pregnancy, labor and delivery, and birth weight and
      gestational age of the infant. Information about drug use was obtained by urine
      toxicology at the time of admission. Results of ordinary least-squares multiple
      regression analyses indicated cocaine abuse to be a significant predictor of low
      birth weight and early gestational age. No correlation was found between cocaine
      abuse and abruptio placentae or maternal hypertension.

PMID- 3405551
TI  - Morning sickness and thyroid function in normal pregnancy.
AB  - Thyroid function in early normal pregnancy was evaluated with reference to
      morning sickness using a newly developed free thyroxine (T4) radioimmunoassay and
      a highly sensitive TSH immunoradiometric assay. A significant increase in serum
      free T4 and a decrease in serum TSH were observed in early pregnancy relative to
      the levels in nonpregnant controls. The increased free T4 and hCG and decreased
      TSH correlated with the severity of morning sickness, and these changes were
      especially marked in subjects with nausea and vomiting. The individual serum
      levels of hCG in the pregnant group correlated significantly, directly with the
      levels of free T4 and inversely with those of TSH. The increased free T4 and
      decreased TSH in subjects with emesis returned to the normal ranges of
      nonpregnant controls after improvement of emesis. These data indicate that the
      thyroid gland is physiologically activated in early pregnancy, possibly by hCG or
      a related substance, which may induce gestational emesis. On the other hand, an
      increased level of free T4 and a reduced level of TSH in early normal pregnancy
      are not indications of thyrotoxicosis and may not necessitate antithyroid drug
      treatment.

PMID- 3405552
TI  - Amniotic fluid cholesteryl palmitate in pregnancies complicated by diabetes
      mellitus.
AB  - Amniotic fluid cholesteryl palmitate, as measured by thin-layer chromatography,
      appears to be a very sensitive and specific predictor for the risk of respiratory
      distress syndrome (RDS) in newborns of normal pregnancies. To assess the effect
      of diabetes mellitus on fetal pulmonary maturation, we measured cholesteryl
      palmitate concentration, the lung profile, and total phosphatidylcholine in
      amniotic fluid obtained from 35 well-controlled diabetic and 39 control
      pregnancies at term. In women with diabetes, the mean (+/- SD) third-trimester
      glycosylated hemoglobin level was 6.96 +/- 2.3% (normal 6-8%). Mean cholesteryl
      palmitate concentration in the diabetic population was 79.12 +/- 13.17
      micrograms/mL, versus 153.71 +/- 16.77 micrograms/mL in the control group (P less
      than .001). The mean cholesteryl palmitate concentration was also significantly
      different for gestational diabetics and class B-R gravidas (112.75 +/- 26.2
      versus 54.45 +/- 7.34 micrograms/mL; P less than .005). Cholesteryl palmitate was
      decreased despite the presence of a mature lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio and, in
      most cases, phosphatidylglycerol. These data suggest that even in well-controlled
      diabetic pregnancies, alterations in maternal metabolism may affect either the
      biosynthesis or degradation of cholesteryl palmitate.

PMID- 3405553
TI  - Impact of primary prevention on the incidence of toxoplasmosis during pregnancy.
AB  - Until now, it was assumed that primary prevention of congenital toxoplasmosis was
      possible by means of specific hygienic measures. A prospective survey of pregnant
      women was made at a hospital in Brussels over the period 1979-1986 to assess the
      impact of such a prevention program. In the first study period (1979-1982), when
      no prophylactic measures were taught, 2986 consecutive women demonstrated a
      seroconversion rate of 1.43% among the nonimmunized subjects; 1.07% of the
      seropositive patients had high antibody levels in their first serum sample. In
      the second study period (1983-1986), all 3563 patients were instructed to adopt
      prophylactic measures. The seroconversion rate in seronegative patients and the
      percentage of patients with high initial antibody level were 0.95 and 1.26%,
      respectively. Although the percentage of seroconversion was reduced by 34% in the
      second study period, this difference did not attain significance. These results
      indicate that the impact of a primary prevention program aimed at reducing
      congenital toxoplasmosis is limited.

PMID- 3405554
TI  - The prognostic importance of steroid receptors in endometrial carcinoma.
AB  - Three hundred forty-nine cases of primary endometrial carcinoma (endometrioid,
      adenosquamous, and clear-cell) were studied to investigate the relative
      prognostic importance of age, menopausal status, stage, histology, myometrial
      invasion, and estrogen and progesterone receptor content. Excluding menopausal
      status, all of these variables had a significant relationship to overall survival
      in a univariate analysis. Using a Cox multivariate regression analysis, stage,
      age, and an estrogen receptor value of more than 70 fmol/mg protein, combined
      with a progesterone receptor value of more than 30 fmol/mg protein, were
      independently associated with survival. The results demonstrate that for maximum
      prognostic information, both estrogen and progesterone content of tumors should
      be measured. Maximum prognostic information is obtained by using cutoff levels
      that are much higher than those traditionally accepted. This has particular
      relevance for patient stratification in clinical trials investigating receptor
      information and response to adjuvant or therapeutic treatment.

PMID- 3405555
TI  - The importance of peritoneal cytology in endometrial carcinoma.
AB  - From 1971-1986, peritoneal washings were obtained for cytologic examination at
      the time of primary exploratory laparotomy in 340 patients with endometrial
      adenocarcinoma. Seventy-two samples (21.2%) contained malignant cells. The
      finding of malignant cytology increased with stage of disease: stage I, 17%;
      stage II, 19.5%; stage III, 68.7%; and stage IV, 85.7% (P less than .001). In 248
      patients with clinical stage I disease for whom uterine evaluation was complete,
      there was an increasing incidence of malignant cytology with increasing grade (P
      = .002), depth of myometrial invasion (P = .003), and adnexal spread (P less than
      .001). Twelve of 41 patients (29.3%) with clinical stage I and positive cytology
      developed recurrent disease, compared with six of 207 (2.9%) with negative
      cytology (P less than .001). Survival for all stages together was poorer in
      patients with positive washings than in those with negative washings (P less than
      .001). This difference in survival was also observed in patients with clinical
      stage I disease (P less than .001). Among patients with surgical stage I disease,
      disease-free survival was also superior in the group with negative cytology. In
      both clinical and surgical stage I, intra-abdominal recurrences were more common
      among patients with malignant peritoneal cytology.

PMID- 3405556
TI  - Superficially invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix.
AB  - A series of 117 women with histologically defined, superficially invasive (1-5
      mm) squamous cell carcinoma was evaluated to determine important histomorphologic
      variables, frequency of pelvic lymph node metastases, and outcome. Radical or
      modified radical hysterectomy with pelvic node dissection was usually performed
      for women with more than 1 mm invasion, whereas more conservative surgery was
      used when invasion was 1 mm or less. Depth of stromal invasion was the most
      important variable in predicting pelvic lymph node metastases. The overall
      incidence of pelvic node metastases was 5%, and the incidence of metastases in
      those patients with 3 mm or less and 3.1-5.0 mm of invasion was 2 and 13%,
      respectively. Although the risk of node metastases was significantly higher with
      deeper invasion, one patient with 2 mm of invasion had pelvic node involvement.
      Microscopic lymph-vascular invasion and degree of lateral spread of tumor were
      also associated with lymph node metastases, whereas tumor grade was not. There
      were no invasive recurrences in the series. We conclude that histomorphologic
      variables other than depth of stromal invasion should be considered when
      evaluating patients with superficially invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the
      cervix. We recommend that any trends toward less radical therapy for this disease
      be justified by equal cure rates and careful pathologic review.

PMID- 3405557
TI  - Evaluation of the role of second-look surgery in ovarian cancer.
AB  - The role of second-look surgery in the management of patients with ovarian cancer
      has come under question. One hundred one patients have undergone the operation at
      Yale University over the last decade. Of 67 who had epithelial ovarian cancer,
      43% had positive and 57% had negative second-look surgery. Multivariate analysis
      revealed that stage was a significant prognostic factor with regard to second
      look surgery findings, as well as absolute and disease-free survival. We found
      initial tumor size and results of cytology at second-look surgery to be
      prognostic factors with regard to survival after a positive second-look surgery.
      Survival after negative second-look surgery was significantly greater than that
      after a positive operation. However, no improvement in survival accrued to the
      group of advanced-stage, platinum-treated patients who underwent second-look
      surgery, compared with a similar group of patients who were eligible but did not
      undergo the procedure. We conclude that second-look surgery in epithelial ovarian
      cancer patients should be limited to experimental protocol situations in which
      precise measurement of tumor size may be important. In ovarian germ cell
      malignancies, second-look surgery, in the absence of tumor markers, can be
      justified.

PMID- 3405559
TI  - How to live with statistics (without having to marry them).
AB  - In the ever more complex world of medical research and data analysis, it becomes
      necessary, no matter the reluctance to do so or the asthenia of spirit or
      capacity, for the reader to have a working familiarity with the nature of modern
      statistical tests. Armed with this insight, he or she can, without fail,
      ascertain any bias of the author or, in other cases, of the reviewer's
      statistical consultant. The following is in the nature of a user's manual of
      modern methods. Caveat emptor.

PMID- 3405558
TI  - Changing practice habits of King County obstetricians.
AB  - In 1987, all practicing King County, Washington obstetricians (N = 181) were
      surveyed to determine the impact of rising malpractice premium rates and the
      threat of litigation on their obstetric practices. Six percent of respondents
      anticipated closing their practices over the next year, which means an additional
      520 deliveries will have to be absorbed into existing obstetric practices. Of the
      71% who increased their professional fees in 1986, 90% attributed the increase to
      higher malpractice premiums and increased risk of litigation.

PMID- 3405560
TI  - Pregnancy during residency: I. The decision "to be or not to be".
AB  - Almost 50% of married female residents become pregnant during their residency.
      The desire to have a baby and a concern about age influence the decision to
      become pregnant. Career concerns, financial issues, and child care are less
      important. In addition, support of the faculty or house staff is not a crucial
      factor in decision making. In this study, over 25% of the pregnancies were
      unplanned. The female residents who had unplanned pregnancies had an increased
      likelihood of having a conflict between their desire to have a baby and their
      fear of not achieving career expectations.

PMID- 3405561
TI  - High-output heart failure due to hepatic arteriovenous fistula during pregnancy:
      a case report.
AB  - A 32-year-old multiparous gravida presented at 38 weeks' gestation with a second
      pregnancy complicated by congestive heart failure. Through noninvasive testing,
      hepatic arteriovenous malformation was diagnosed as the etiologic factor. This
      has not been reported as a cause of heart failure in pregnancy, although
      arteriovenous malformations in other organs have been associated with this
      complication.

PMID- 3405562
TI  - Diabetes mellitus and Graves' disease in pregnancy complicated by maternal
      allergies to antithyroid medication.
AB  - The pregnancy of a women with diabetes mellitus was complicated by Graves'
      disease and maternal allergies to propylthiouracil and methimazole. Preparations
      for surgical removal of the thyroid gland were being made until pregnancy
      intervened. Several well-documented mechanisms of hyperthyroidism, including
      increased intestinal absorption of glucose, decreased insulin responsiveness, and
      increased glucose production may exacerbate glucose intolerance; the daily
      insulin requirement of this patient rose 80% from her pregestational dosage. When
      large doses of propranolol failed to control her thyrotoxic symptoms and led to
      severe, recurrent hypoglycemic episodes, subtotal thyroidectomy was performed. A
      42% decrease in insulin requirements was observed postoperatively, with return to
      the euthyroid state. A propensity for symptomatic postoperative hypoglycemia
      should be anticipated in diabetic patients undergoing thyroidectomy.

PMID- 3405563
TI  - Vitamin K-dependent clotting factor deficiency in pregnancy.
AB  - A case of malabsorption of vitamin K, leading to a vitamin K-dependent clotting
      factor deficiency that developed during the eighth gestational month, is
      reported. Evaluation of the coagulopathy at term showed the cause to be an
      obstructive hepatobiliary disorder. Given the pathophysiologic relationship
      between the coagulation cascade and the hepatic and biliary systems, routine
      measurement of the prothrombin and partial thromboplastin times is advised for
      all patients with evidence of hepatobiliary dysfunction.

PMID- 3405565
TI  - Term interstitial pregnancy resulting in a live infant.
AB  - Interstitial pregnancy is an uncommon variety of ectopic gestation. Rupture tends
      to occur later than with tubal gestations, and is often associated with
      catastrophic hemorrhage. Few case reports of term interstitial pregnancies have
      been reported, and none have been associated with fetal survival. This is the
      first reported case of a term interstitial pregnancy resulting in a live infant.

PMID- 3405564
TI  - Hereditary angioedema and immunoglobulin A deficiency in pregnancy.
AB  - Hereditary angioedema is a rare immunologic disorder, and immunoglobulin A
      deficiency is the most common isolated immunodeficiency. These rarely coexisting
      conditions may affect pregnancy. We report a gravida with the combination who
      developed severe acute laryngeal edema.

PMID- 3405566
TI  - Bilateral tubal pregnancies after tubal sterilization.
AB  - Bilateral tubal pregnancies are a rare variety of ectopic gestation. Tubal
      sterilization has become an important cause of tubal pregnancy. To our knowledge,
      this is the first case report of a twin gestation resulting in bilateral tubal
      pregnancies after a modified Pomeroy tubal sterilization.

PMID- 3405567
TI  - Heparin-induced cutaneous necrosis in a postpartum patient.
AB  - A case of heparin-induced cutaneous necrosis resembling necrotizing fasciitis
      occurred in a post-cesarean section patient. She presented with massive necrosis
      of the skin and abdominal pannus on the sixth postoperative day after a cesarean
      section for severe preeclampsia and failed induction. A biopsy showed findings
      characteristic of heparin-induced cutaneous necrosis, permitting conservative
      therapy.

PMID- 3405568
TI  - Pregnancy resulting from cryopreserved human embryos using a one-step in situ
      dilution procedure.
AB  - In vitro fertilization and embryo transfer require the use of hormonal
      manipulation and surgery that may reduce the receptivity of the patient's uterus
      during the stimulated cycle. Cryopreservation of human embryos eliminates the
      need for immediate transfer, permitting them to be stored until they can be
      transferred during subsequent unstimulated cycles. Embryo cryopreservation is an
      established procedure in the breeding of laboratory and domestic animals, but has
      only recently been applied to humans. We report on a pregnancy using a simple
      cryopreservation procedure that permits embryos to be diluted out of the
      cryoprotectant solution without removing them from the plastic straw in which
      they were cryopreserved.

PMID- 3405569
TI  - Nonfatal disseminated mucocutaneous herpes simplex type 2 infection in a healthy
      woman.
AB  - Disseminated mucocutaneous herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection in nonpregnant
      and healthy women is a rare manifestation of primary genital inoculation. The
      literature contains relatively few cases of this type of infection in
      nonimmunocompromised adults. Furthermore, the majority of adult disseminated
      mucocutaneous infections have fulminant courses and terminate in death. In this
      report, a case of nonfatal disseminated mucocutaneous HSV type 2 infection is
      described in a nonimmunocompromised woman with a childhood history of immune
      thrombocytopenia purpura and splenectomy.

PMID- 3405570
TI  - Urinary retention secondary to a Gartner's duct cyst.
AB  - A 22-month-old child with a large cyst of Gartner's duct suffered from recurrent
      episodes of urinary retention. Excision of such large symptomatic cysts has been
      recommended in the past. Marsupialization is discussed as an alternative to
      extensive excision.

PMID- 3405572
TI  - Occupational medicine teams can help maintain worker health.

PMID- 3405571
TI  - Serum lactic dehydrogenase: a tumor marker for dysgerminoma.
AB  - Four patients with stage IA-IIIC dysgerminomas were found to have preoperative
      elevations of serum lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) 1.8-51.5 times that of the upper
      limits of normal control values, in association with minor elevations of liver
      function tests (alkaline phosphatase, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase,
      and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase) up to 2.5 times normal control limits.
      Recognition of the association between this serum enzyme profile and dysgerminoma
      resulted in proper intraoperative staging and prompt initiation of chemotherapy
      in two patients. Failure to recognize the significance of the serum enzyme
      profile resulted in inadequate intraoperative staging and reoperation in one of
      the remaining patients. Serum LDH levels correlated with tumor size and stage of
      disease. Maximum tumor diameters in this series varied from 15-20 cm. A normal
      LDH level was present in an intraoperative serum sample obtained from a stage IA
      patient whose maximum tumor diameter was 8 cm. Selective elevation of LDH-1 and
      LDH-2 isoenzymes may provide additional evidence suggesting the presence of a
      dysgerminoma.

PMID- 3405573
TI  - Restraining order for medical insurance urgent attempt to assist AIDS victims.

PMID- 3405574
TI  - How companies can ease the burden of AIDS at work.

PMID- 3405575
TI  - Pretraining is essential tool for fall and back injuries.

PMID- 3405576
TI  - Doctors using lasers risk problems without proper training, protection.

PMID- 3405577
TI  - When disease strikes, victims' job may give clue to cause of illness.

PMID- 3405578
TI  - AIDS brings new conflicts, employer responsibilities into nation's workplace.

PMID- 3405579
TI  - Growth hormone cells in the adenohypophysis compared in mice with high and low
      incidence of mammary tumors by stereological morphometry with electron
      microscopy.

PMID- 3405580
TI  - Fiber arrangement in the canine tympanic membrane.

PMID- 3405581
TI  - Do the cardiac glands exist? 2. The swine.

PMID- 3405582
TI  - An anomalous case of the risorius arising from the masseter tendon.

PMID- 3405583
TI  - Aging and longevity of the Jel: ICR mouse.

PMID- 3405584
TI  - Congenital vertical pendular nystagmus in sisters.
AB  - Sisters with congenital vertical nystagmus are described in this report. In these
      2 cases, the nystagmus on the electronystagmogram (ENG) showed a pure pendular
      pattern on forward gaze. Neurological examinations revealed no abnormality except
      for the nystagmus and visual disturbance. In the elder sister, the ENG showed
      that the intensity of the nystagmus decreased during eye closure and that there
      was no response to vertical optokinetic stimulation. We believe that the elder
      sister is the first case of congenital vertical pendular nystagmus confirmed by
      neuro-otological and neuro-ophthalmological examinations.

PMID- 3405585
TI  - Degenerative changes in maculas of rhesus monkeys.
AB  - In the hope of identifying an animal model for age-related macular degeneration
      (AMD) we undertook a pilot investigation of aged rhesus monkeys. Twenty-nine
      monkeys from a seminatural colony were examined at the Caribbean Primate Research
      Center. Macular drusen were found in 74% of the monkey eyes. Alterations of the
      retinal pigment epithelium within the macula were noted in 45% of the eyes.
      Fluorescein angiography in selected animals revealed window defects consistent
      with drusen. None of this sample showed the exudative form of AMD or disciform
      scarring. One typical monkey underwent special studies including measurement of
      visual resolution by electrophysiological study of the retinal and visual cortex.
      Application of human criteria to this animal supported the diagnosis of early
      AMD. Histopathologic study of one eye by transmission electron microscopy
      confirmed the presence of drusen with nearly identical ultrastructural features
      to those found in the human pigment epithelium in AMD.

PMID- 3405586
TI  - Fine structure of the pecten of the pigeon (Columba livia).
AB  - The pecten oculi of the diurnally active pigeon (Columba livia) has been examined
      by light and electron microscopy. In this species the pecten is of the pleated
      type. It is situated over the optic nerve head and extends out into the vitreous.
      Fifteen to 17 accordion folds are joined apically by a heavily pigmented ridge of
      tissue which holds the pecten in a fan-like shape, widest at the base. The entire
      pecten is enclosed by a fine basal lamina. Within each fold are numerous
      capillaries, larger blood vessels and melanocytes. The capillaries are surrounded
      by thick fibrillar basal laminae which often contain pericytes. These capillaries
      display numerous microfolds on both the luminal and abluminal borders. The
      endothelial cell body is extremely thin with most organelles present in a
      paranuclear location. The melanocytes which are more plentiful in the bridge
      region form an incomplete sheath around the capillaries and other blood vessels.
      The morphology of the pecten in the pigeon is indicative of a heavy involvement
      in the transport of materials.

PMID- 3405587
TI  - Conjunctival involvement of lymphomatoid granulomatosis.
AB  - Lymphomatoid granulomatosis is an angiocentric and angiodestructive lympho
      proliferative disorder involving multisystems but rarely conjunctiva. We present
      a 62-year-old Chinese female with lymphomatoid granulomatosis who had an
      ulcerative conjunctival nodule. Conjunctival biopsy revealed pathological
      findings important for diagnosis and indicating progression of disease severity.
      To our knowledge, this is the first report to demonstrate pathological findings
      characteristic of lymphomatoid granulomatosis with conjunctival involvement.

PMID- 3405588
TI  - Developmental glaucoma in oculocutaneous albinism.
AB  - A case of oculocutaneous albinism is described in which bilateral Axenfeld's
      anomaly co-exists. Progressive elevation of intraocular pressure required
      treatment and this complication has not been reported. Different hypotheses
      regarding the co-existence of these conditions are reviewed.

PMID- 3405589
TI  - The Annette von Droste-Hulshoff syndrome. Pseudostrabismus due to macular ectopia
      in retinopathy of prematurity.
AB  - Four cases of macular ectopia are described. Pseudostrabismus, caused by an
      increased angle alpha, is only one of the signs common to macular ectopia. A
      correct diagnosis is of fundamental importance because the treatment of macular
      ectopia is different from that of strabismus.

PMID- 3405591
TI  - A pedigree of Leber's congenital amaurosis.
AB  - A pedigree of Leber's congenital amaurosis compatible with autosomal recessive
      trait is reported. Two male infants from consanguineous parents had remarkable
      visual loss within the first year of life, with sluggish pupillary responses,
      poor fixations, minimal eyeground changes and absent electroretinograms on
      presentations at the ages of four or 14 months. Follow-up studies revealed
      definite progressions of eyeground abnormalities consisting of attenuated retinal
      arterioles, pepper- and salt-like appearance with numerous yellowish-white
      punctate lesions in the midperiphery, and pale optic nerves. Fluorescein
      angiographic study performed on one case showed multiple hyperfluorescent spots
      over the posterior and midperipheral eyegrounds suggesting alterations of the
      retinal pigment epithelium. These functional and morphological abnormalities of
      the retina were similar in the two siblings. Cycloplegic refractions revealed
      slight myopic or mixed astigmatism, but no marked hyperopia. The patients had
      normal physical and mental developments with no obvious systemic complications.

PMID- 3405590
TI  - Autosomal dominantly inherited optic nerve coloboma.
AB  - Four members of three consecutive generations of a family had congenital
      anomalies of the optic disk: deep excavation of the optic disk containing a mass
      of white glial tissue at its center, anomalous retinal vessels emerging from the
      peripheral aspect of the disk, and elevated annulus of peripapillary pigmentary
      disturbance. These optic disk anomalies occurred bilaterally with some inter- and
      intra-individual variable expressivity. Five of the eight affected eyes had
      profound visual loss, but three eyes showed normal vision. Two cases developed
      unilateral nonrhegmatogenous retinal detachment. There were no other ocular or
      systemic malformations. This family illustrates an instance of autosomal
      dominantly inherited optic nerve coloboma.

PMID- 3405593
TI  - Oculocutaneous albinism associated with congenital glaucoma.
AB  - An infant with oculocutaneous albinism and congenital glaucoma is described. The
      association of these two uncommon congenital disorders might suggest a common
      defective factor. Theoretically this patient broadens the spectrum of disorders
      of neural crest cell migration associated with albinism.

PMID- 3405592
TI  - Sex chromosome aneuploidy and Bardet-Biedl syndrome.
AB  - The inheritance of Bardet-Biedl syndrome is thought to be autosomal recessive. Of
      the approximately 500 case reports in the literature, three patients were found
      to have sex chromosome aneuploidy. The authors describe two siblings with Bardet
      Biedl syndrome, one of whom has a unique sex chromosome aneuploidy with
      mosaicism, including deletion of the short arm of the X chromosome
      (45,X/46,X,del(X)(p21)). The possible significance of sex chromosome aneuploidy
      and the Bardet-Biedl syndrome is discussed.

PMID- 3405594
TI  - Central areolar choroidal dystrophy in a family with pseudoachondroplastic
      spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia.
AB  - The author reports the first association of central areolar choroidal dystrophy
      in three brothers with pseudoachondroplastic spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia. Both
      central areolar choroidal dystrophy and pseudoachondroplastic spondyloepiphyseal
      dysplasia represent heterogeneous disorders with autosomal dominant transmission.
      It is hypothesized that this association is a result of a new subtype involving
      both the skeletal system and the eye.

PMID- 3405596
TI  - Noninvasive extratympanic electrical stimulation of the auditory nerve.
AB  - We have developed a noninvasive technique for extratympanic stimulation of the
      auditory nerve. 119 ears of 76 subjects with either normal, residual or no
      hearing were tested. 73% of the subjects with experience of hearing reported
      definite auditory sensations. Subjects with no certain experience of hearing
      could not describe accurately the nature of their sensations. Electrical
      stimulation of normal ears failed to elicit auditory sensations. These results
      compare well with those of promontory stimulation in cochlear implant candidates.

PMID- 3405595
TI  - Cytotoxic effects of recombinant human biological response modifiers on head and
      neck carcinoma cells.
AB  - The present report shows that the simultaneous application of two biological
      response modifiers (recombinant human gamma-interferon plus recombinant human
      alpha-tumor necrosis factor) has a lethal effect on living laryngeal and salivary
      gland carcinomas. A cytostatic or cytotoxic effect of the two substances alone
      could only be observed in occasional cases. The results suggest a synergistic
      action of gamma-interferon and alpha-tumor necrosis factor that might be of
      therapeutic value for head and neck carcinomas in the future.

PMID- 3405598
TI  - Evaluation of proliferative activity in human head and neck tumors using the
      monoclonal antibody Ki-67.
AB  - The monoclonal antibody Ki-67 is directed against a human nuclear antigen
      occurring in proliferating cells. As a rule it is absent in quiescent cells.
      Seven cases of squamous cell carcinomas with different pathohistological features
      are investigated by immunostaining. The antibody Ki-67 is suitable for use as a
      marker for proliferative compartments of head and neck tumors. Squamous cell
      carcinomas show a correlation between Ki-67 labeling index and histological
      differentiation. In highly differentiated parts of the carcinomas, an additional
      granular immunostaining in the entire cytoplasm of some squamous epithelial cells
      was observed.

PMID- 3405597
TI  - Light- and electron-microscopic study of gamma-aminobutyric-acid-like
      immunoreactivity in the guinea pig organ of Corti.
AB  - With light and electron microscopy, gamma-aminobutyric-acid (GABA)-like
      immunoreactivity was examined in the guinea pig organ of Corti. In whole-mount
      preparations, although GABA-like immunoreactivity was present within efferent
      components in all turns of the cochlea, it was more intense apically. At the
      ultrastructural level, GABA-like immunoreactivity was clearly restricted to the
      efferent system, appearing in axons of the inner and tunnel spiral bundles, in
      axons crossing the tunnel of Corti, and in terminals filled with numerous labeled
      vesicles synapsing on outer hair cells.

PMID- 3405599
TI  - Nutritional assessment of hospitalized patients with head and neck cancer.
AB  - Nutritional assessment is an important part of the oncologic management of the
      cancer patient. Although it may be easy to identify weight loss, the criteria for
      negative energy balance are difficult to display in an ordinary clinical setting.
      In the present study we assessed the nutritional status and calculated the energy
      balance in 10 randomly selected cancer patients who were hospitalized at our ENT
      department. Loss greater than 10% of habitual weight was apparent in 5 patients,
      while only 2 of these had subnormal serum albumin levels. Another 1 of these
      patients with weight loss demonstrated reduced arm muscle circumference. Weight
      index, total body potassium and other anthropometric data did not significantly
      correlate with weight loss. Although supplementary nutrition was administered to
      most patients during hospitalization, only 4 patients were in positive energy
      balance as calculated from food tables. Only 2 out of 5 patients with a history
      of weight loss were in a positive energy balance. A questionnaire disclosed that
      insufficient considerations for the patients' food availability were shown. We
      conclude that malnutrition is a common and often an occult phenomenon in
      hospitalized patients. This may have an unfavorable influence on oncologic
      treatment and clinical outcome.

PMID- 3405600
TI  - [Intra-articular unicondylar humerus fractures. Late results following stable
      osteosynthesis].
AB  - The authors report the late results in a series of 45 unicondylar intra-articular
      fractures of the distal humerus treated by internal fixation. The fractures were
      classified according the AO system. The average follow-up time was 4.25 years. A
      rating scale was used that was based on patient interviews. Based on the late
      results, internal fixation is concluded to be the treatment of choice for all
      unicondylar intra-articular fractures of the humerus.

PMID- 3405601
TI  - [Bicondylar fractures].
AB  - Late results after operative treatment of 59 bicondylar fractures were excellent
      in 38% and fair or poor in 35%. Classic Y- and T-types are rare (30.5%), while
      comminution and soft tissue lesions (50.7%) are frequent and worsen the
      prognosis. In about three-fourths of fractures functional rehabilitation is
      possible after internal fixation according to AO principles. With advanced age
      and poor bone stock early functional nonoperative treatment is advisable, even
      though nonunion must be expected to follow in such patients. Closed pinning may
      be a reasonable alternative in similar situations, and less frequently after open
      reduction and attempted stable internal fixation. Complications were frequent in
      this series (25%), deep infection occurring in 4.8%, nonunion in 4.8%, secondary
      ulnar nerve palsy in 3.5%, and restricted range of motion, in some cases
      requiring arthrolysis, in 7.1%.

PMID- 3405603
TI  - [The infected elbow joint fracture].
AB  - Post-traumatic infection of the elbow joint is a serious complication, because
      the bone structure and the thin soft tissue cover make all actions directed at
      reconstruction and at calming the infection difficult. A good overall prognosis
      for later function depends decisively on early diagnosis, stability of the
      fragments and the earliest possible initiation of functional therapy. If this
      cannot be achieved, the infection must first be treated by transfixation
      techniques and the joint function restored subsequently. In late cases with
      chronic inflammation and destruction, nothing but resection arthroplasty or
      arthrodesis is still possible.

PMID- 3405602
TI  - [Open fractures of the elbow joint].
AB  - Both in open and in closed elbow fractures, anatomical joint reconstruction and
      rigid internal fixation, which permit early initiation of motion, are essential
      for good joint function. However, in open distal intraarticular humerus fractures
      this is more difficult to achieve, owing to the high rate of comminuted types C 2
      and C 3 fractures. In addition, the extensive soft tissue lesions often mean that
      physiotherapy cannot be started until later than would otherwise be desirable.
      This retrospective study shows that the functional results in 60 patients
      operated on for correction of open distal intraarticular humerus fractures were
      worse (1/3 "excellent/good", 2/3 "moderate/poor") than those in patients treated
      for closed fractures. Complications included superficial infection in 7 patients,
      osteitis in 11, late instability in 10, fatigue failure of the implants in 5, and
      non-union in 10 patients.

PMID- 3405604
TI  - [Conservative treatment of pediatric elbow fractures].
AB  - Between 1978 and 1982, 146 children with elbow fractures were treated at the
      Department of Traumatology of the Freiburg University Hospital. Forty-two
      children received conservative treatment and in 104 an operation was performed.
      The possibilities for conservative treatment of the elbow joint in children are
      discussed together with our results. Out of 47 supracondylar fractures of the
      humerus, 25 were treated conservatively (28%, dislocation grade 1; 48%, grade 2).
      Good or very good results were achieved in more than 76%. Unstable grade 3
      fractures often involve rotation of the elbow; in 35% of such cases, conservative
      treatment leads to a cubitus varus. Operative stabilization is definitely
      indicated here. Neither serious changes in the carrying angle nor ischaemic
      contractures were seen. Out of 24 intra-articular fractures of the distal
      humerus, only 4 were treated conservatively; only fractures without dislocation
      are regarded as an indication for conservative treatment. Fractures of the neck
      of the radius were treated conservatively in 6 out of 12 cases. There was
      angulation of the radius head of more than 30 degrees in 4 cases, necessitating a
      closed reduction. The follow-up of these children shows very good results in all
      cases.

PMID- 3405605
TI  - [Intra-articular fractures of the elbow in childhood].
AB  - Correct assessment of the prognosis is a special problem in intra-articular
      fractures of the elbow in children. Pseudarthrosis, which is other-wise not seen
      in children, is often observed in fractures of the radial condyle but, together
      with other post-traumatic dislocations (fishtail deformity), is of little
      functional significance. In principle, an operation should be performed even on
      slightly dislocated fragments at the distal humeral joint surface. Intra
      articular fractures of the proximal ulna also tend to result in persistent
      dislocations and therefore require exact repositioning. Fractures of the head of
      the radius can usually be expected to reduce spontaneously with astonishingly
      good results and only seldom require open repositioning. Growth disturbances can
      occur many years after the original injury - even if the treatment is correct.

PMID- 3405606
TI  - Grassroots movement yields safety belt law.

PMID- 3405607
TI  - Benefits of safety belt use well proven.

PMID- 3405609
TI  - The science of trauma.

PMID- 3405610
TI  - Profiting from the sale of your practice. The Health Care Group.

PMID- 3405608
TI  - Seat a child, save a life.

PMID- 3405611
TI  - [Changes in electrolyte and acid-base equilibrium in children with acute urinary
      tract infections].
AB  - Between 1980 and 1986 313 patients with urinary tract infection have been
      investigated in a retrospective study for changes in their electrolyte and acid
      base metabolism. A correlation with malformations of the urinary tract has been
      performed. In 34% of our patients obstruction of the urinary system was
      demonstrated. 40% of all patients with urinary tract infection showed electrolyte
      disturbances in serum varying from severe to moderate. No difference in
      electrolyte and acid base disturbances were found between patients with and
      without obstructive uropathy. A remarkably diverse pattern of electrolyte changes
      was seen: hyponatremia singly or in various combination was observed most
      frequently (81%) but even hypernatremia was found. In some patients only an acid
      base disturbance without changes in electrolytes was seen. The pattern of
      hyponatremia with hyperkalemia--reported in the literature with obstructive
      uropathy--was observed in 6.8% of our patient population with electrolyte
      disturbances. This was however not restricted to patients with malformation of
      the urinary tract.

PMID- 3405612
TI  - Qualitative changes of white blood cells and perinatal diagnosis of infection in
      high-risk preterm infants.
AB  - A total of 60 preterm infants, aged less than 37 weeks of gestation were studied.
      Morphological changes of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) were evaluated in
      two groups of patients. PMN vacuolization was frequently noted at birth in
      preterm neonates with culture-proven infection (sensitivity 86%, specificity
      90%). Toxic granulations were a less reliable indicator of bacterial infection. A
      relatively good correlation with other parameters in use for "sepsis screen" we
      found with band cell/total neutrophil ratio (X2 = 1.66, P greater than 0.1).
      Examination of peripheral blood smears for vacuolization of WBCs appears to
      provide adjunct in the early detection of bacterial infection in preterm babies.

PMID- 3405613
TI  - [You make the diagnosis. Cerebral gigantism (Sotos syndrome)].

PMID- 3405614
TI  - [Thoughts on the development of immunity in children and its modification by the
      environment and medicine].

PMID- 3405615
TI  - Assessment of small and large fiber function in long-term type 1 (insulin
      dependent) diabetic patients with and without painful neuropathy.
AB  - Twelve neural function tests (thermal discrimination thresholds, pain perception
      thresholds to heat and cold stimuli, vibration perception thresholds, and motor
      and sensory nerve conduction velocities) were assessed in the lower and upper
      extremities of 60 long-term type 1 diabetic patients. Thirty patients were
      asymptomatic (group 1) and 30 patients had painful neuropathy (group 2),
      predominantly originating in the distal lower limbs (group 2a; n = 20) or in the
      distal upper limbs (group 2b; n = 10). There were no significant differences
      between the groups with regard to age, duration of diabetes or glycemic control.
      Eleven of the 12 functions tested (6 in lower and upper limbs, respectively) were
      significantly diminished in both groups of diabetics as compared to age-matched
      control subjects. Group 2a had significant impairment in 5 of 6 parameters of the
      lower limbs, while in group 2b only 1 of 6 functions of the upper limbs was
      diminished. In the whole diabetic group, the most frequent abnormality was an
      elevated threshold for thermal sensation in the foot. Significant correlations
      between small and large fiber abnormalities were observed predominantly in the
      foot. Selective affection of small or large fiber functions showed different
      patterns in the arms and in the legs. In the upper extremities selective
      impairment in nerve conduction was predominant, while in the lower extremities it
      was thermal sensation. These findings suggest that both generalized and selective
      small or large fiber affection may occur in long-term type 1 diabetic patients.
      Dysfunction of both modalities is more severe in the lower limbs, when painful
      symptoms have developed in this region.

PMID- 3405616
TI  - Pain following spinal cord injury: results from a postal survey.

PMID- 3405617
TI  - Re, Pain measurement in reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome.

PMID- 3405618
TI  - Cluster headache pain vs. other vascular headache pain: differences revealed with
      two approaches to the McGill Pain Questionnaire.
AB  - We compared cluster headache pain and other vascular (migraine and mixed)
      headache pain on pain intensity ratings and the McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ).
      Cluster headache sufferers reported not only more intense pain and more affective
      distress, but also different pain qualities than did migraine and mixed headache
      sufferers. The pain qualities that best distinguished cluster headaches from
      other vascular headaches were the presence of punctate pressure and thermal
      sensations and the absence of dull pain. Although cluster headache sufferers and
      other vascular headache sufferers endorsed different sensory pain qualities, MPQ
      subscales proved no better than pain intensity ratings at distinguishing these
      two groups. This finding may have occurred because MPQ subscale scores include an
      intensity component and do not provide information about specific pain qualities
      such as that provided by MPQ sensory items. These findings provide evidence that
      cluster headaches are characterized by distinct pain qualities and are not simply
      a more intense version of the same vascular headache pain experienced by migraine
      and mixed headache sufferers. They further suggest than when the MPQ is used to
      assess specific pain qualities, sensory items and not the sensory subscale are
      the preferred units for analysis.

PMID- 3405620
TI  - Differential utility of medical procedures in the assessment of chronic pain
      patients.
AB  - Physicians are frequently called upon to evaluate patients with chronic pain to
      (1) establish the etiology, (2) determine the extent of impairment and
      disability, and (3) prescribe treatment. In many cases, there is little agreement
      as to what evaluation procedures should be used or how to weight and integrate
      these findings. Two studies were conducted to determine the domain of procedures
      pain specialists believe are most important in evaluation and the clinical
      utility of each. A survey of 75 physicians specializing in the treatment of
      chronic pain was conducted. Coefficients of concordance indicated that physicians
      displayed substantial agreement as to the differential utility of 18 physical
      examination and diagnostic procedures. The relevance of each of these procedures
      in the assessment of 100 pain patients was evaluated. Differential weights for
      each procedure derived from the survey were highly correlated with clinical
      practice. The results of the present studies provide a basis for development of a
      standardized assessment procedure that incorporates statistically derived weights
      to quantify medical findings.

PMID- 3405619
TI  - Psychological functioning of children who have recurrent migraine.
AB  - Thirty-two children experiencing recurrent migraine, aged 8-17, were compared to
      32 non-headache peer controls matched for age, sex, and social class. Each child
      completed an extensive battery of psychological tests, which consisted of (1) the
      Children's Depression Inventory (for children aged 8-13) or the Beck Depression
      Inventory (for children 14 and above), (2) the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for
      Children (ages 8-12) or the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Form X (ages 13 and
      above), (3) the Children's Depression Rating Scale, (4) the Personality Inventory
      for Children, (5) the Child Behavior Checklist, (6) the Psychosomatic Symptom
      Checklist, SUNYA Revision, (7) the Children's Social Readjustment Rating
      Questionnaire, (8) the Wide Range Achievement Test for Reading, and (9) the
      Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, Form L. Children with migraine revealed higher
      scores on all scales measuring depression and somatic complaints; adolescent
      headache sufferers also revealed increased levels of trait anxiety. Older male
      headache sufferers revealed the poorest overall level of adjustment as reflected
      by scores on the Adjustment scale of the Personality Inventory for Children. It
      was argued that the psychological differences were most likely a consequence of
      the migraineurs having to live with frequent, unpredictable attacks of intense
      pain. However, the correlational nature of this study does not make it possible
      to rule out alternative explanations.

PMID- 3405621
TI  - Delayed contralateral sympathetic blockade following chemical sympathectomy--a
      case history.
AB  - A young girl with an idiopathic degenerative nervous system disease developed
      delayed contralateral sympathetic blockade each time following lumbar
      paravertebral sympathetic block of either side. Bilateral sympathetic blockade
      developed on each occasion despite observed ipsilateral containment of X-ray
      contrast on injection. The aetiological mechanisms of this phenomenon are
      discussed.

PMID- 3405622
TI  - Dorsal raphe stimulation modulates nociceptive responses in thalamic
      parafascicular neurons via an ascending pathway: further studies on ascending
      pain modulation pathways.
AB  - A study on the nociceptive responses of single cells within the nucleus
      parafascicularis (PF) thalami of the rat was undertaken to clarify the reported
      observations of a pain suppression pathway to this nucleus from the dorsal raphe
      (DR) nucleus. Two types of nociceptive neuron were identified in the PF which
      were classified as 'nociceptive-on' and 'nociceptive-off' neurons, respectively.
      DR stimulation exhibits a simple monophasic 'dose-dependent' relationship between
      the degree of the inhibition elicited and the stimulation intensity used on the
      'nociceptive-off' cells. In contrast, biphasic effects following DR stimulation
      on the 'nociceptive-on' cells was obtained, with low intensities eliciting
      suppression while high intensities excited the cells. These effects of low
      intensity DR stimulation upon the responses of the 'nociceptive-on' cells were
      diminished but not prevented by transection of the well-known bulbospinal
      inhibitory fibers descending in the dorsal half of the spinal cord, while the
      effects of DR stimulation upon the 'nociceptive-off' cells remain unchanged
      following spinal transection. Thus, our results show that DR stimulation
      modulates the nociceptive responsiveness of the PF by way of supraspinal pathways
      in addition to the previously described descending paths.

PMID- 3405623
TI  - Sleep fragmentation in the arthritic rat.
AB  - We examined the diurnal sleep-wake patterns in the adjuvant arthritic rat. In
      contrast to control rats, arthritic rats lacked a normal diurnal variation in
      sleep and wakefulness. Thus, arthritic rats exhibited no differences in the mean
      number or duration of bouts of sleep and episodes of wakefulness between light
      and dark hours. Arthritic rats also had a marked increase in the fragmentation of
      their sleep manifested by an increased number of sleep bouts and episodes of
      wakefulness and a decrease in the duration of episodes of deep sleep recorded
      both during the time of maximal sleep (08.00-11.00 h) and of maximal wakefulness
      (20.00-23.00 h). The possibility that the experience of chronic pain causes these
      marked changes in sleep patterns in the arthritic rat is discussed.

PMID- 3405624
TI  - Arthroscopic lateral retinacular release using a modified superomedial portal,
      electrosurgery, and postoperative positioning in flexion.
AB  - A technique for utilizing a modified superomedial portal, 6 cm proximal to and in
      line with the medial edge of the patella, is described for observing patellar
      tracking and performing a lateral retinacular release. The lateral release is
      performed without tourniquet using electrosurgery, and the knee is positioned in
      90 degree flexion for two days postoperatively. The technique was used in 53
      patients with lateral patellar and soft tissue tenderness and pain, 31 of whom
      had lateral patellar subluxation documented on 45 degrees Merchant x-ray views.
      Patients with a history of dislocation or a Q angle of more than 18 degrees were
      excluded. Conservative treatment averaged seven months pre-operatively. Results
      in 75% of the patients (37 knees) were rated good or excellent at an average
      follow-up of 20 months. One postoperative hemarthrosis occurred. This technique
      facilitates patellar evaluation and lateral release under direct vision using the
      same portal, as well as permitting early range of motion postoperatively.

PMID- 3405625
TI  - A composite hip implant.
AB  - Composites are made of two or more different components that combine their
      properties into a new material. By modifying the type or structure or volume of
      the components, a theoretically endless number of new materials can be produced
      and their properties can be altered as desired. A composite hip implant made of
      carbon fiber and polysulfone is described.

PMID- 3405626
TI  - Spontaneous bilateral quadriceps tendon rupture in a patient on hemodialysis.
AB  - Since the initiation of maintenance dialysis and renal transplantation, the
      course of patients with chronic renal disease has been altered. One of the
      frequent complications found in such patients is the development of secondary
      hyperparathyroidism, which is commonly associated with metastatic calcification
      and a variety of bone lesions collectively referred to as renal osteodystrophy.
      Bilateral rupture of the quadriceps tendon is a rare complication and previous
      reports have prescribed surgical correction of the ruptured tendon. The present
      case is that of a patient on chronic hemodialysis with secondary
      hyperparathyroidism and bilateral spontaneous rupture of the quadriceps tendon
      who was treated successfully without surgery.

PMID- 3405627
TI  - Using the Heffington frame in elective lumbar spinal surgery.
AB  - Numerous techniques and frames are available to position the patient on an
      operating table for elective lumbar spine surgery. We utilized the Heffington
      frame to position 27 patients with hips and knees flexed and abdomen free. This
      group was compared with those patients positioned prone during surgery. Our data
      indicate that average intraoperative blood loss is reduced by the use of such a
      frame, a finding that is attributable to maximal decompression of the abdomen.
      Complications related to the Heffington frame were not observed in our series of
      patients.

PMID- 3405628
TI  - Giant synovial cyst of the hip joint.
AB  - Synovial cysts are known to occur in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Their
      presentation in the hip joint, however, continues to be a diagnostic challenge. A
      case is presented involving a patient with a large synovial cyst of the hip,
      emphasizing the need for the orthopaedic surgeon to include synovial cyst in the
      differential diagnosis of a painless groin mass, particularly in patients with
      rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 3405629
TI  - Orthopaedics overseas #13. Orthopaedic surgery in Ethiopia.
AB  - The author describes his visit to Ethiopia in January, 1987. Despite the
      political and social problems in this country, the program run by Orthopaedics
      Overseas proved gratifying and educational. The orthopaedic needs of Ethiopia
      remain great. Besides the backlog of orthopaedic cases which require treatment,
      there is a shortage of orthopaedic implants and instrumentations. The ongoing
      assistance of Orthopaedics Overseas is needed and welcomed.

PMID- 3405630
TI  - Approaches to senior care #2. Orthopaedic management of the stroke patient. Part
      I. Pathophysiology, limb deformity, and patient evaluation.
AB  - Cerebrovascular accidents remain one of the most serious medical problems in the
      United States. They are responsible for 200,000 deaths per year and are the
      leading cause of hemiplegia in the adult. The purpose of these reports is to
      review the orthopaedic aspects of stroke rehabilitation, with emphasis on
      functional defects, evaluation of the patient, and methods of treatment. Part I
      will discuss the pathophysiologic changes and patient evaluation. Part II will
      discuss the surgical and nonsurgical management of extremity deformities.

PMID- 3405631
TI  - Technique of shoulder arthroscopy.
AB  - The C-arm is a useful tool with shoulder arthroscopy. The operative technique is
      described.

PMID- 3405633
TI  - Genetically discrete populations of Trypanosoma congolense from livestock on the
      Kenyan coast.
AB  - Twenty-seven stocks of Nannomonas trypanosomes isolated from livestock in 1982 on
      a ranch at Kilifi on the Kenyan coast were characterized by isoenzyme
      electrophoresis and by the abilities of the parasite's DNA to hybridize to two
      repetitive sequence DNA probes. All the Kilifi stocks which were examined had
      isoenzyme patterns which were markedly different from the 75 patterns previously
      described from 78 stocks of Trypanosoma congolense. On average only 15% of the
      enzyme bands present in the Kilifi stocks were present in those stocks of T.
      congolense which had previously been surveyed for isoenzymes. The DNA from all
      the Kilifi stocks which had been examined for isoenzymes hybridized with only the
      repetitive sequence probe isolated from a clone of a Kilifi stock. In contrast,
      the DNA from all 27 Kilifi stocks failed to hybridize with a repetitive sequence
      probe isolated from a clone from a different stock of T. congolense. Thus, the
      trypanosomes in all the Kilifi stocks examined were both phenotypically and
      genotypically discrete. These genetically discrete trypanosomes have also been
      detected in 2 stocks isolated from livestock from another location on the Kenyan
      coast. The results show that there is a wide range of genetic heterogeneity
      within the trypanosomes currently classified as T. congolense. We suggest that
      the limits of this genetic heterogeneity could represent incipient speciation.

PMID- 3405632
TI  - Trypanosoma (Megatrypanum) incertum from Pipistrellus pipistrellus: development
      and transmission by cimicid bugs.
AB  - Trypanosoma (Megatrypanum) incertum Pittaluga 1905 was found in 33 out of 206
      Pipistrellus pipistrellus caught at various sites in Britain. The trypanosome is
      described from blood smears. Development took place in laboratory-reared Cimex
      pipistrelli and Cimex lectularius. Epimastigote forms initially multiplied
      rapidly in the ventriculus and midgut of Cimex. Metacyclic trypanosomes were
      found in the rectum of both species of Cimex after 8 days when bugs were
      maintained at 20 degrees C and as early as 3 days at 30 degrees C. Electron
      microscopy of infected bugs revealed that there was no attachment to epithelial
      cells of the ventriculus or midgut, but within the rectum epimastigotes were
      attached by their flagella to the cuticle of the rectum by hemidesmosomes.
      Transmission was achieved by feeding experimentally infected bugs to bats kept in
      the laboratory. These bats were negative as judged by xenodiagnosis using
      laboratory-reared Cimex. Bats which had been caught in the wild demonstrated low
      grade or sub-patent parasitaemias (positive in xenodiagnosis) for up to 400 days
      after the day of capture. Despite an extensive search of impression smears of
      tissues immediately after trypanosomes first appeared in the blood of
      experimentally infected bats no multiplicative stages were found.

PMID- 3405634
TI  - Trypanosoma congolense: the distribution of enzymic variants in east and west
      Africa.
AB  - A total of 114 stocks of Trypanosoma congolense originating from Kenya, Uganda,
      Tanzania, Zambia and Sudan, but including, for comparison, stocks from The
      Gambia, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Nigeria and Cameroun, were compared by isoenzyme
      electrophoresis for 6 enzymes. The zymodemes were grouped, both from a dendrogram
      and using a cladistic method, after calculating the dissimilarity, or distance,
      between profiles. Previous observations are broadly confirmed, the zymodemes
      clustering separately according to geographical origin and ecological zone. Thus,
      one group was composed almost entirely of East African stocks, and another of
      stocks from both East and West Africa, although each group was of savanna origin.
      A third group was composed of stocks from the humid, rain-forest zones of West
      Africa, and was particularly characterized by isoenzyme variants of superoxide
      dismutase and glucose-phosphate isomerase. Two stocks from the Kenyan coast
      formed a markedly separate group, which may be taxonomically distinct.

PMID- 3405635
TI  - The effect of density of first-stage larvae of Elaphostrongylus rangiferi on the
      infection rate in the snail intermediate host.
AB  - The relationship between the density of 1st-stage larvae of Elaphostrongylus
      rangiferi on the infection rate into the gastropod intermediate host, Arianta
      arbustorum, was studied experimentally. Within a range of densities between 30
      and 1100 larvae/cm2 the experimental data gave a good fit to the conventional
      epidemiological assumption of direct proportionality between the net infection
      rate and the density of infective stages. The instantaneous rate of infection was
      estimated to be about 1 x 10(-3)/larvae/snail/2 h. At higher densities (greater
      than 1100 larvae/cm2) the instantaneous rate of infection showed a density
      dependent decline.

PMID- 3405636
TI  - Host-finding in Trichobilharzia ocellata cercariae: swimming and attachment to
      the host.
AB  - The cercaria of Trichobilharzia ocellata finds and identifies its duck host with
      a series of different behavioural phases. Dispersal and selection of the water
      surface as microhabitat is achieved by an intermittent swimming behaviour, which
      is governed by the interplay of passive dropping with forward and backward
      swimming movements and includes a positive phototactic and a geonegative
      orientation. Then the cercariae tend to cling to the water surface in an energy
      saving resting position. A movement towards the duck feet as the site of entry
      occurs when shadows evoke forward swimming movements, which are directed away
      from the source of light, i.e. normally downwards. Forward swimming movements are
      also stimulated by touch, but only in free-swimming cercariae and not when these
      are in the resting position. Attachments occur only when a substrate is touched
      during forward swimming movements. Attachments are stimulated by warm substrates
      (1 degrees C temperature difference triggers a nearly maximal response) and by
      chemical components of duck-foot skin, and the readiness to attach is increased
      when the forward swimming movement is started by shadow stimuli.

PMID- 3405637
TI  - Trichobilharzia ocellata: chemical stimuli of duck skin for cercarial attachment.
AB  - Trichobilharzia ocellata cercariae attach readily to the foot skin of their duck
      host, but poorly to preen-gland contents. The attachment to duck foot disappears
      when the skin surface lipids are extracted, and can be restored by reapplication
      of the lipids to the skin. Hydrophilic skin extracts are without any effect. Thin
      layer chromatographic fractionation of duck-foot skin surface lipids reveals
      cholesterol and ceramides as attachment stimuli. A stimulation of cercarial
      attachment by these hydrophobic host signals is supported by the host
      identification pattern of the cercariae, which secures a close contact with
      encountered substrates.

PMID- 3405638
TI  - Patterns in helminth communities in freshwater fish in Great Britain: alternative
      strategies for colonization.
AB  - Examples of the apparently stochastic nature of freshwater fish helminth
      communities illustrating the erratic and unpredictable occurrence and
      distribution of many species are provided for six species of fish from several
      localities throughout Britain. By focussing on parasite colonization strategies
      two categories of helminths are recognized: autogenic species which mature in
      fish and allogenic species which mature in vertebrates other than fish and have a
      greater colonization potential and ability. Three groups of fish are
      distinguished: salmonids, in which helminth communities are generally dominated
      by autogenic species which are also responsible for most of the similarity within
      and between localities; cyprinids, in which they are dominated by allogenic
      species which are also responsible for most of the similarity within and between
      localities; and anguillids, whose helminth communities exhibit intermediate
      features with neither category consistently dominating nor providing a clear
      pattern of similarity. Recognition and appreciation of the different colonization
      strategies of autogenic and allogenic helminths in respect of host vagility and
      ability to cross land or sea barriers and break down habitat isolation, and their
      period of residence in a locality, whether transient or permanent, provides an
      understanding of, and explanation for, the observed patchy spatial distribution
      of many helminths. Comparison with other parts of the world indicates that
      colonization is a major determinant of helminth community structure.

PMID- 3405639
TI  - Carbohydrate reserves and infectivity in Trichinella spiralis isolated from
      carrion.
AB  - Trichinous mice were killed and their carcasses maintained at room temperature or
      subzero temperatures for varying lengths of time. Some worm parameters were
      measured after direct isolation from carcasses while others were measured
      following passage through a second round of hosts. Glycogen and trehalose levels
      in infective 1st-stage larvae (L1) isolated directly from carcasses maintained at
      room temperature were significantly less than controls (day 0) after day 4 post
      kill (p.k.). By day 21 p.k. among L1 isolated directly from mouse carcasses those
      observed coiled or moving had decreased by around 20% compared to day 0 p.k. The
      percentage of L1 isolated from carcasses on several days p.k., used to infect
      mice and recovered as pre-adult worms declined significantly after they had
      remained in carcasses for 14 days. Only 2.6% of muscle larvae isolated from
      carcasses on day 21 p.k. and used to infect mice were recoverable as pre-adults.
      Pre-adult worms raised in mice infected with larvae from day 7 carcasses had
      about 50% less glycogen than worms raised in mice infected with larvae isolated
      from fresh carcasses (day 0 p.k.). The fecundity in vitro of adult worms isolated
      from mice on day 7 following infection with infective L1 larvae maintained in
      carcasses held at room temperature for 0-16 days declined only when adult worms
      developed from larvae recovered from carcasses at 3 days following host death.
      Following 24 h at temperatures below freezing, infectivity of L1 larvae isolated
      from frozen carcasses was reduced by 97%. Carbohydrate levels remained high in
      larvae from carcasses frozen for up to 4 days.

PMID- 3405640
TI  - Criteria for a proof of migration routes of immature parasites inside hosts
      exemplified by studies of Strongyloides ratti in the rat.
AB  - The first rigorous proof applicable to the migration pathway of an infective
      juvenile macroparasite inside its host is presented. Third-stage larvae of a
      homogonic strain of Strongyloides ratti applied in exact doses of less than 20 to
      the skin of the flank of young rats were recovered 16-40 h later in the naso
      frontal part of the head. The peak proportion of the dose (po) recovered between
      20 and 25 h in this site had a mean value of 0.316 +/- 0.021 in 48 animals. In 40
      other rats infected simultaneously the mean proportion of the dose (pf) that
      reached the small intestine was at least 0.837 +/- 0.013. Proof resides in
      verification of the inequality po + pf greater than 1. With appropriate
      statistical tests the excess of the sum of the means of these two proportions
      over unity is shown to have a probability of occurring by chance of 1 in 3.5 x
      10(6). Thus it is effectively certain that the naso-frontal portion of the head
      is part of at least one pathway taken by this parasite on its way from the skin
      to the intestine of its host. By suitable protection of the infection site it was
      confirmed that migration to the head was achieved by an internal route and not as
      a result of grooming. Larvae were recovered from the cranium in the same rats
      over the period 15-40 h, but the peak proportion of the dose occurred at 20 h,
      and po + pf less than 1 in this location. Whether the cranium is also part of the
      pathway is therefore still undecided. The significance of this novel analysis in
      the general context of in-host migration of infective stages is discussed and it
      is concluded, following its application to data sets from other authors, that the
      only cases in which proof can be demonstrated are the anterior skull of the rat
      for S. ratti (present data) and the lung of the same host for Nippostrongylus
      brasiliensis (Twohy, 1956).

PMID- 3405641
TI  - An investigation of hookworm infection and reinfection following mass
      anthelmintic treatment in the south Indian fishing community of Vairavankuppam.
AB  - Hookworm infections, as assessed by counting worms expelled following
      anthelmintic treatment and by egg output, were found to be of low prevalence and
      intensity in a South Indian fishing community. The initial overall prevalence of
      infection in the community was 43%, and the average burden was estimated at 2.2
      hookworms per person. The age profiles of prevalence and intensity differed
      between males and females, with the latter harbouring significantly higher levels
      of infection. Children of both sexes under 10 years of age rarely harboured
      hookworms. Treatment with pyrantel pamoate was estimated to be 91% effective in
      clearing hookworm infections. Egg counts made on stools collected during an 11
      month period of reinfection indicated that female patients became reinfected soon
      after treatment, while little hookworm egg excretion was observed in males during
      the observation period following treatment. Females acquired a significantly
      higher number of worms during the reinfection period compared with males,
      although the average burden in females reached only 28% of the initial, pre
      treatment level. The hookworm population consisted of predominantly Necator
      americanus, and less than 10% of Ancylostoma duodenale. The parasites were highly
      aggregated within the host population with 10% of the community harbouring over
      65% of the total hookworms. Low values of the negative binomial aggregation
      parameter, k, (indicating extreme over-dispersion) were recorded in groups
      stratified by age and sex. Highly significant positive correlations were observed
      between the initial (pre-treatment) and reinfection worm burdens of female (but
      not of male) patients. It is suggested that occupational practices related to
      walking through areas contaminated with hookworm larvae play an important role in
      generating the observed patterns of infection within this community.

PMID- 3405643
TI  - [A contribution to the discussion on the subject of growth deficit. The case of a
      boy with suprasellar tumor].

PMID- 3405642
TI  - [Changes in free fatty acid levels of the blood serum, cholesterol esters and
      triglycerides in children with hyperalimentary obesity].

PMID- 3405644
TI  - [Hemangiopericytoma in an 11-year-old boy].

PMID- 3405645
TI  - [Analysis of the effect of parental alcoholism on child development. I. The
      socioeconomic conditions of children of alcoholic parents].

PMID- 3405647
TI  - [Analysis of the effect of parental alcoholism on child development. III.
      Evaluation of the physical and psychomotor development in the first year of life
      of children of alcoholic parents].

PMID- 3405646
TI  - [Analysis of parental alcoholism on child development. II. Evaluation of the
      neonatal and early infantile periods based on selected parameters].

PMID- 3405648
TI  - Cerebrospinal fluid pyrazinamide concentrations in children with tuberculous
      meningitis.
AB  - Cerebrospinal fluid pyrazinamide concentrations were determined by high pressure
      liquid chromatography in 53 samples from 13 children who had tuberculous
      meningitis complicated by increased intracranial pressure. Peak concentrations of
      up to 50 micrograms/ml were achieved between 1 1/2 and 2 1/2 hours after
      pyrazinamide administration and in most cases a concentration of 20 micrograms/ml
      or more was achieved. We conclude that pyrazinamide easily gains entry into the
      cerebrospinal fluid of children with tuberculous meningitis and should be
      included in treatment regimens for that disease.

PMID- 3405649
TI  - Determining risk for chronic otitis media with effusion.
AB  - Chronic otitis media with effusion (OME) has been observed in 10 to 20% of
      children following acute, symptomatic otitis media. To determine factors that
      place children at increased risk of chronic OME, we conducted a 6-week
      prospective study of 386 children who had 3 or more recent episodes of otitis
      media and who had middle ear effusion present for at least 2 weeks. Of these
      children 23% developed chronic OME (i.e. effusion lasting 8 continuous weeks or
      more), and 26% developed chronic OME complicated by acute, symptomatic otitis
      media. Predictors for chronic OME were (1) bilateral OME, (2) duration of
      effusion for greater than 2 weeks at enrollment and (3) day care attendance.
      Children with these 3 factors had twice the risk of developing chronic OME as
      children lacking all 3 factors. These risk factors can be used to target children
      for early, aggressive OME therapy.

PMID- 3405651
TI  - Depressed humoral immune responses to surface antigens of Giardia lamblia in
      persistent giardiasis.
AB  - The specific anti-plasma membrane- or surface-specific serum antibodies to Mr
      82,000 antigen of Giardia lamblia trophozoites in cases of persistent and
      nonpersistent giardiasis in a pediatric population indicated significantly low
      concentrations of these antibodies in patients with persistent giardiasis. There
      was an insignificant difference in the amount of antibodies to whole trophozoite
      extract in persistent and nonpersistent giardiasis or asymptomatic carriers. The
      acute/nonpersistent cases had predominantly IgM class antigiardial antibodies,
      whereas persistent and asymptomatic carriers had antigiardial antibodies of the
      IgG class. The inability of persistent cases of giardiasis to clear infection
      appears to be related to low concentrations of antiplasma membrane/anti-Mr 82,000
      antigiardial antibodies.

PMID- 3405650
TI  - Role of adherence of Streptococcus pneumoniae in acute otitis media.
AB  - The adherence of Streptococcus pneumoniae to human nasopharyngeal epithelial
      cells was studied as a possible determinant in the development of acute otitis
      media (AOM). Pneumococcal isolates were obtained from the nasopharynx (NP) and
      middle ear fluid of infants followed from birth in a prospective study of
      pneumococcal carriage and infection. The adherence of 33 middle ear fluid
      isolates from 19 infants with AOM was compared with 143 strains recovered from NP
      cultures taken from each child both at the time of their acute infections and on
      other occasions. We studied 171 NP isolates from 29 "carrier" infants, who had no
      pneumococcal infections, for comparison. Adherence properties were not associated
      with any particular pneumococcal capsular types, nor were adherent strains more
      frequent among infants with AOM. There was no evidence to support the hypothesis
      that pneumococci associated with AOM have a special propensity for adherence.
      Adherence was a frequent characteristic of pneumococci recovered from the NP,
      especially in connection with upper respiratory tract infection, and may be
      required for the establishment of colonization but was not a property that
      discriminated between carriage strains and those causing AOM.

PMID- 3405652
TI  - Outpatient systemic antiinfective use by children in the United States, 1977 to
      1986.

PMID- 3405653
TI  - Ocular tuberculosis in a five-month-old.

PMID- 3405654
TI  - Catheter-associated infection with a vancomycin-resistant gram-positive coccus of
      the Leuconostoc sp.

PMID- 3405655
TI  - Group G streptococcal meningitis in childhood.

PMID- 3405657
TI  - Scarlet fever with acute hydrops of the gallbladder.

PMID- 3405656
TI  - Immunization of young infants with high doses of Schwartz measles vaccine.

PMID- 3405658
TI  - Day-care center attendance and hospitalization for lower respiratory tract
      illness.
AB  - To identify risk factors associated with hospitalization for acute lower
      respiratory tract illness, 102 children less than 2 years of age admitted to four
      Atlanta metropolitan area hospitals between December 1984 and June 1985 with the
      diagnosis of lower respiratory tract illness were studied. The most common
      causative agent associated with illness was respiratory syncytial virus, followed
      by other respiratory viruses, Haemophilus influenzae, and Streptococcus
      pneumoniae. The 102 case-patients were compared with 199 age- and sex-matched
      controls. A parent or guardian for each patient and control was interviewed by
      telephone regarding demographic data, care outside the home, breast-feeding,
      previous medical history, allergies, and smoking and illness in household
      members. Five factors were associated with lower respiratory tract illness in
      both a univariate analysis and a multiple logistic regression model (P less than
      .05). These factors were the number of people sleeping in the same room with the
      child, a lack of immunization the month before the patient was hospitalized,
      prematurity, a history of allergy, and regular attendance in a day-care center
      (more than six children in attendance). Care received outside of the home in a
      day-care home (less than or equal to six children in attendance) was not
      associated with lower respiratory tract illness. The suggestion made by our study
      and other studies was that for children less than 2 years of age, care outside of
      the home is an important risk factor for acquiring lower respiratory tract
      illness, as well as other infectious diseases, and that this risk can be reduced
      by using a day-care home instead of a day-care center.

PMID- 3405659
TI  - Factors affecting the relationship between childhood and adult cholesterol
      levels: the Muscatine Study.
AB  - A group of 2,446 subjects initially examined at 8 to 18 years of age were
      reexamined as young adults of 20 to 25 or 26 to 30 years of age. Measurements of
      cholesterol, height, weight, and triceps skinfold thickness were obtained during
      childhood. Lipids, lipoprotein fractions, and family history, as well as
      medication, alcohol, and tobacco use, were determined during the adult
      examination. Elevated levels of cholesterol during childhood were associated with
      elevation in adult life. Obesity acquired in adolescence and the young adult
      years, oral contraceptive use, and cigarette smoking had deleterious effects on
      adult cholesterol levels and lipoprotein fractions.

PMID- 3405661
TI  - Childhood physical fitness tests: predictor of adult physical activity levels?
AB  - Regular physical activity has both short- and long-term health benefits in
      adults. No study has investigated childhood determinants of adult physical
      activity patterns, however. In a nonconcurrent prospective study, the physical
      activity levels of 453 young men, 23 to 25 years of age, were compared with their
      physical fitness test scores as children (10 to 11 years of age and 15 to 18
      years of age). The physically active adults had significantly better childhood
      physical fitness test scores than did the inactive adults. In 224 children, 2
      years of fitness test results were available. The risk of physical inactivity in
      young adulthood was linearly related to the number of low scores on the 548.6-m
      (600-yd) run and sit-ups tests as children (P less than .001). In stepwise
      multivariate discriminant analysis, the childhood 548.6-m run score was the best
      discriminator between currently physically active and inactive adults. Reported
      parental encouragement of exercise, level of education, participation in
      organized sports after high school, and reported spousal encouragement of
      exercise also contributed significantly to the discriminant function. These
      results demonstrate that physical fitness testing in boys facilitates the
      identification of those at increased risk of becoming physically inactive young
      adults.

PMID- 3405660
TI  - Pediatric chest pain: a prospective study.
AB  - Previous studies of childhood chest pain have been retrospective or considered
      only limited age groups or referred patients. In this study, all children who
      were admitted to the emergency department with chest pain were evaluated
      prospectively. Patients with ill-defined chest pain had ECGs and echocardiograms
      performed. A total of 407 children were evaluated. The most common causes of the
      pain were idiopathic (21%) and musculoskeletal (15%). Cardiac problems were found
      in 4%. Chest pain was acute (of less than 48 hours' duration) in 43% and chronic
      (of greater than 6 months' duration) in 7%. Pain caused 30% of children to stay
      out of school and 31% to awaken from sleep. Chest wall tenderness was the most
      common abnormality. ECGs were obtained in 47%; results of 31/191 were abnormal
      but only 4/191 ECG abnormalities were related to the diagnosis. Echocardiograms
      were obtained in 34%; results of 17/139 were abnormal (12/139 showed mitral valve
      prolapse). Young children are more likely to have cardiorespiratory problems;
      children older than 12 years of age are more likely to have psychogenic pain. The
      description and location of the pain and the patient's sex are not related to the
      diagnosis. Nonorganic disease is related to a family history of heart disease or
      chest pain or having chronic pain. Organic disease is related to pain of acute
      onset, abnormal physical examination results, pain that awakens the child from
      sleep, and the presence of fever. Laboratory tests are rarely helpful in
      evaluating children with chest pain. Chest pain in children is usually benign.
      Psychogenic pain and idiopathic pain are less common than previously believed.

PMID- 3405662
TI  - In vivo 31P nuclear magnetic resonance measurement of chronic changes in cerebral
      metabolites following neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine whether cerebral metabolic changes
      occur after intraventricular hemorrhage in the newborn. Five babies with
      bilateral grade 3 to 4 intraventricular hemorrhage were compared with 15 preterm
      infants without intraventricular hemorrhage. Cerebral high-energy phosphorus
      metabolites and intracellular pH were measured with in vivo 31P nuclear magnetic
      resonance spectroscopy. Spectra were collected initially within the first 2 weeks
      of life, and then every other week until discharged from the hospital. The
      phosphocreatine to inorganic phosphate ratio and the phosphocreatine to adenosine
      triphosphate ratio were significantly lower in the group with intraventricular
      hemorrhage, but differences in intracellular pH were not significant. Differences
      between babies with and without intraventricular hemorrhage varied with
      postconceptional age: in those with intraventricular hemorrhage, the
      phosphocreatine to adenosine triphosphate ratio was decreased at all
      postconceptional ages, and the phosphocreatine to inorganic phosphate ratio was
      lower in babies with intraventricular hemorrhage and younger than 30 weeks.
      Results of this study confirm the presence of chronic metabolic changes following
      intraventricular hemorrhage which may exacerbate neurologic damage after
      intraventricular hemorrhage in the newborn.

PMID- 3405663
TI  - Changing pattern of retinopathy of prematurity: a 37-year clinic experience.
AB  - A retrospective analysis was done of multi-disciplinary neurodevelopmental
      assessments in 70 children who were legally blind because of cicatricial
      retinopathy of prematurity. The subjects lived in British Columbia and were born
      during a 37-year period between 1951 and 1987. The purpose of the study was to
      investigate changes in the perinatal characteristics and to evaluate the
      associated handicaps. All patients were assessed at least once in the Visually
      Impaired Program, British Columbia Children's Hospital. In the majority, the
      visual loss was profound. Since 1951, blinding retinopathy of prematurity has
      become a disease of progressively smaller and less mature infants. Since 1981, it
      has been almost entirely confined to infants of birth weight less than 1,000 g in
      British Columbia. The diagnosis of mild spastic diplegia was made more commonly
      in patients born after 1980 but, despite the progressive reduction in birth
      weight and gestational age during the study period, the number of patients
      without other associated handicaps remained constant (approximately 30%) during
      each successive decade.

PMID- 3405664
TI  - Bilirubin, intraventricular hemorrhage, and phenobarbital in very low birth
      weight babies.
AB  - The relationships among serum bilirubin concentration on days 5 and 7, birth
      weight, the presence of intraventricular hemorrhage, and the receipt of
      phenobarbital were examined in a group of 232 newborns weighing less than 1,751 g
      who were intubated, mechanically ventilated by 12 hours after birth, and whose
      parents had given permission for a randomized trial of phenobarbital prophylaxis
      of intraventricular hemorrhage. The ratio of serum bilirubin concentration to
      birth weight (the bilirubin divided by birth weight index [BBI]) was used to
      examine the impact of 25 variables on a clinical guideline for therapy of
      hyperbilirubinemia in newborn infants. A linear regression model was used; the
      most powerful covariate was a birth weight less than 1.0 kg. The only other
      variable that reduced the BBI was phenobarbital receipt. The presence of
      intraventricular hemorrhage and ecchymoses had a significant influence increasing
      the BBI.

PMID- 3405666
TI  - Insect repellent, N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide, effect on ammonia metabolism.
AB  - There appear to be at least three mechanisms for systemic reactions to
      diethyltoluamide. As with most substances, allergy is possible. The ingestion of
      large doses can produce seizures and coma by a direct action on the CNS. This
      occurs in experimental animals in which seizures and coma followed by death can
      be produced rapidly if sufficiently large doses are given. Finally, with smaller
      systemic doses as may occur with absorption during heavy topical use, there is
      also the possibility of a perturbation of ammonia metabolism. Diethyltoluamide
      may then pose a substantial hazard to individuals with defects in ammonia
      metabolism.

PMID- 3405667
TI  - Factitious hematuria with underlying renal abnormalities.

PMID- 3405665
TI  - Metoclopramide-induced methemoglobinemia.
AB  - The case of a 3-week-old male infant is described. After receiving an iatrogenic
      overdose of metoclopramide (1.0 mg/kg every six hours) throughout a 36-hour
      period for the treatment of suspected gastroesophageal reflux, he became
      cyanotic, lethargic, and irritable, he fed poorly, and he had diarrhea and
      respiratory distress. Methemoglobinemia (20.5%) and reduced oxyhemoglobin
      saturation (79%) were identified. The patient had an excellent clinical response
      following a single IV dose of methylene blue. Subsequently, methemoglobin
      reductase activity was normal and there was no measurable hemoglobin M. The
      diagnosis of methemoglobinemia should be considered in any infant receiving large
      doses of metoclopramide who has clinical findings of cyanosis, ashen color, or a
      history of lethargy and/or motor restlessness.

PMID- 3405668
TI  - Palatal burn due to bottle warming in a microwave oven.

PMID- 3405669
TI  - American Academy of Pediatrics Task Force on Child Abuse and Neglect: Public
      disclosure of private information about victims of abuse.

PMID- 3405670
TI  - A catch in the Reye.

PMID- 3405671
TI  - Reye study criticized.

PMID- 3405673
TI  - Another solution for the foreign body in the nose problem.

PMID- 3405672
TI  - Too much lead, too little iron.

PMID- 3405674
TI  - Practice-based research: opportunities and obstacles.
AB  - Renewed interest in practice-based research reflects growing realization of the
      limitations of research from a hospital perspective. Practice-based pediatric
      research promises to broaden the range and severity of conditions commonly
      studied, to enhance the study of the natural history of disease and of normal
      development, to provide normal controls and standards, and to facilitate
      recruitment of adequate sample sizes. Cohort, incidence, and health services
      research will be promoted by the development of patients registries. The Chicago
      area Pediatric Practice Research Group is a research consortium of 81
      practitioners in 27 office practices. Formed in 1984, it receives logistic and
      financial support from Children's Memorial Hospital, with which it is affiliated.
      The Pediatric Practice Research Group has undertaken six studies, most with
      outside funding. During these studies, some unifying characteristics of practice
      based research have emerged. These include the need to tailor study protocols to
      individual practice characteristics and routines and the critical role of office
      staff in the conduct of research. Features can be identified that make specific
      studies more or less intrusive into office functioning. It has proved feasible to
      obtain data of high quality and reproducibility despite geographically scattered
      data collection sites. This review of Pediatric Practice Research Group
      activities and experience is intended to open an exchange of ideas with others
      interested in practice-based research.

PMID- 3405675
TI  - Do encopretic children have clinically significant behavior problems?
AB  - Pediatricians are increasingly recognized as the providers of choice for children
      with functional encopresis. The presence of clinically significant behavior
      problems could interfere with pediatric regimens for encopresis, however. To
      study the extent to which encopretic children exhibit behavior problems, we
      compared the scores on a standardized behavioral checklist for three randomly
      selected samples: a sample group of children with encopresis, a sample group of
      children with behavior problems, and a sample group of children without
      encopresis or behavior problems. All three samples were matched for age and
      gender. An analysis of variance showed that the scores of children with
      encopresis did not differ from the normative sample but were significantly lower
      than the scores from the behavior problem sample (P less than .00001). The
      results support the appropriateness of the trend toward expanding the primary
      pediatrician's role in the treatment of encopresis.

PMID- 3405677
TI  - Psychopathology in pediatric primary care: the new hidden morbidity.
AB  - In a study of emotional and behavioral problems seen in children attending
      pediatric primary care clinics in a health maintenance organization, parents of
      789 children 7 to 11 years of age completed a behavior screening questionnaire,
      the Child Behavior Checklist. Of the 195 (24.7%) children identified by the
      checklist as disturbed, 126 were given a detailed psychiatric assessment using
      the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children, a structured psychiatric
      interview of known validity and reliability. A randomly selected group of 174
      nondisturbed children was also assessed. The pediatricians' judgment about the
      presence of emotional and behavioral problems, made at the index clinic visit,
      was compared with diagnoses made from the computer-scored interviews.
      Pediatricians diagnosed one or more such problems in 5.6% of the children
      (weighted estimate: 95% confidence limits 3.8% to 7.6%), compared with 11.8% (95%
      confidence interval 9.3% to 13.5%) based on the interview with the parent.
      Pediatricians were highly specific, ie, 84% of children assessed as nondisturbed
      had no psychiatric disorder, but they showed low sensitivity, ie, they only
      identified 17% of the children with behavioral or emotional problems, giving a
      "hidden morbidity rate" of 83% (ie, 83% of cases were not identified). The role
      of primary care pediatricians in the identification, prevention and treatment of
      what has been called "the new morbidity" is discussed. We suggest that, on the
      basis of these findings, emotional and behavioral problems in children have to be
      seen as "the new hidden morbidity."

PMID- 3405676
TI  - Peptic ulcer disease in children: etiology, clinical findings, and clinical
      course.
AB  - The records of all children with peptic ulcer disease at the Hospital for Sick
      Children were retrospectively evaluated, excluding neonates, throughout a 5-year
      period. Only cases with a definite ulcer crater identified either at endoscopy or
      at surgery were included. There were 36 patients, 20 boys and 16 girls. Duodenal
      ulcers were more common than gastric ulcers (2.8:1). Ages ranged from 3 months to
      17 years, with a mean age of 10 years. Patients were reviewed with respect to
      etiology of peptic ulcer disease, age when first examined, initial symptoms, and
      clinical course. Patients were divided into two groups, those with primary (n =
      19) and those with secondary (n = 17) peptic ulcer disease. All peptic ulcers in
      patients younger than 10 years of age were secondary in nature. Secondary ulcers
      occurred generally in association with a severe underlying illness (11/17), and
      many ulcers necessitated emergency surgery because of perforation and/or severe
      hemorrhage (8/17). None of these patients had chronic or recurrent symptoms. In
      contrast, in children with primary peptic ulcer disease, initial symptoms were
      more benign. Most patients had abdominal pain and only one required emergency
      surgery. Children with primary duodenal ulcer disease had a high incidence of
      recurrent symptoms (67%), however, with surgery for intractable disease
      necessitated in 40%. Single-contrast barium meals were found to be unreliable in
      establishing a diagnosis of peptic ulcer disease, particularly cases of gastric
      ulcer disease.

PMID- 3405678
TI  - Ontario Child Health Study: patterns of ambulatory medical care utilization and
      their correlates.
AB  - Data from a large epidemiologic survey of Ontario children 4 to 16 years of age
      are presented concerning the frequency and correlates the use of ambulatory
      medical care services during a 6-month period in which a universal, first-dollar
      health insurance plan was used. Patterns of use of ambulatory medical care are
      described for three settings: doctor's offices, emergency rooms, and hospital
      outpatient departments. A group of children who are frequent users of ambulatory
      medical care (defined as using three or more services in 6 months) consumed
      nearly two thirds of all services. Two regression equations are presented--one
      predicting use/nonuse of ambulatory medical care and the other predicting the
      total number of visits for medical care. Although only a small proportion of the
      variance in use/nonuse and amount of use was explained, the major determinant of
      both ambulatory medical care use and frequency of use was the child's physical
      health status as perceived by the parent. Younger child, urban area of residence,
      the number of chronic medical problems of the child, and higher level of maternal
      education also contributed to the explanation of use v nonuse. Among ambulatory
      medical care users, high users were more likely to be described as having mental
      health problems and have parents who had been treated for "nerves." Family size
      and socioeconomic variables were not important factors in use, suggesting that
      universal health insurance reduces some barriers to ambulatory medical care for
      children.

PMID- 3405679
TI  - Service utilization and psychiatric diagnosis in pediatric primary care: the role
      of the gatekeeper.
AB  - Levels of morbidity in 789 children 7 to 11 years of age attending two primary
      care pediatric clinics in a health maintenance organization were examined in
      relation to psychiatric disturbance. Physical morbidity was measured as mean
      number of illness episodes per year enrolled, based on the child's medical
      record. Two measures of psychiatric disturbance were compared: the pediatricians'
      judgment and a detailed assessment using standard psychiatric interviews with
      parent and child. Children identified by pediatricians as disturbed had more than
      twice as many physical illness episodes as nonidentified children. Children
      identified by the standard psychiatric assessment had the same number of physical
      illness episodes as nondisturbed children. Pediatricians showed high specificity
      but low sensitivity to mental illness. Their sensitivity in the high user group
      was double that in the low user group. These results suggest that (1) the
      association between mental illness and high use may be, in part, the result of
      the confounding factor of physicians' judgment; (2) in settings where primary
      care practitioners serve as "gatekeepers" to mental health services, the offset
      effect of lower medical service use following psychiatric treatment may be
      partially explained by this; (3) the source of referral must be taken into
      account when assessing the offset effect in other settings.

PMID- 3405680
TI  - Unclear speech: recognition and significance of unintelligible speech in
      preschool children.
AB  - Clarity of speech normally improves throughout the first few years of life, with
      acquisition of complete intelligibility by 4 years of age. Delayed emergence of
      intelligibility, or frankly unintelligible speech, often signify the presence of
      a major disturbance of language, overall cognitive development, or hearing. Norms
      are provided for the ages by which a child should be 50%, 75%, and 100%
      intelligible to strangers, and a new technique for screening intelligibility of
      speech is described. Data validating this technique are presented, and the
      developmental implications of unintelligible speech are reported. The importance
      of screening for intelligibility of speech is emphasized, in light of the
      findings presented.

PMID- 3405681
TI  - Stairway injuries in children.
AB  - Children frequently injure themselves falling down stairways, but the
      characteristics of these injuries are not well described. A total of 363
      consecutive patients seen in a pediatric emergency department were studied. The
      majority of patients had minor superficial injuries. Bony injuries occurred in 7%
      of patients. Head and neck injuries occurred in 73% of patients, extremity
      injuries, which were predominantly distal, in 28%, and truncal injuries in 2%.
      Children younger than 4 years of age were more likely to sustain head trauma than
      children older than 4 years of age (P less than .005). Injury to more than one
      body part occurred in only 2.7% of patients. Children who fell down more than
      four steps had no greater number or severity of injury than those who fell down
      less than four steps (P = .67). Patients were admitted to hospitals in 3% of
      cases. No patient had life-threatening injuries and no patients required
      intensive care. When multiple, severe, truncal, or proximal extremity injuries
      are noted in a patient who reportedly fell down stairs, a different mechanism of
      injury should be suspected.

PMID- 3405682
TI  - Recommended changes in pediatric education: the impact on pediatrician
      involvement in health care delivery to adolescents.
AB  - In an attempt to examine the extent of implementation of the recommendations
      issued by the Task Force on Pediatric Education for increased emphasis on
      adolescent medicine during residency training, pediatricians' perceptions of
      their skills and abilities to provide health care to adolescents were evaluated.
      A sample of 558 pediatricians selected at random and 385 members of the American
      Academy of Pediatrics' Section on Adolescent Health (SAH) completed a 41-item
      questionnaire. The physicians' perceived levels of skill in ten areas were
      analyzed while simultaneously assessing the impact of SAH membership, year of
      graduation from medical school, gender, and percentage of practice time devoted
      to adolescents on each issue. SAH members, as expected, ranked their levels of
      skill significantly higher than did the other pediatricians in all areas
      surveyed. A significant percentage of the SAH pediatricians, however, indicated
      that their skills were acquired through postresidency fellowship training. There
      was an increasing trend among all pediatricians in their perceived levels of
      skill to deliver health care to adolescents during the past several decades, but
      there has been no appreciable increase in such perceived skill levels since the
      task force issued its recommendations. In fact, pediatricians graduating from
      medical school in the decade prior to 1976 who are not SAH members ranked their
      skills higher than did non-SAH pediatricians who graduated in the past 10 years.
      These data lead to the conclusion that the recommendations of the Task Force on
      Pediatric Education have not been adequately implemented.

PMID- 3405683
TI  - Child abuse programs and pediatric residency training.
AB  - Child maltreatment has become an increasingly important concern for
      pediatricians. The purpose of this study was to assess, via mailed
      questionnaires, the training and resources of pediatric residents in the area of
      child maltreatment. Responses were received from 72% of all US programs. The
      median amount of training was eight hours during the first and third years of
      training and seven hours during the second year; approximately half of this was
      clinical supervision in the care of maltreated children. Eighty-one percent of
      programs had an interdisciplinary team for suspected cases of child maltreatment.
      Only 17 of 167 programs reported a separate budget for their team. Although two
      thirds of programs were rated as adequate or better, 79% of respondents wanted to
      strengthen their teaching efforts. There appears to be a limited commitment by
      residency programs to enhance the competency of pediatricians in the area of
      child maltreatment. There is a need for improved training and resources.

PMID- 3405684
TI  - Health counseling for adolescents: what they want, what they get, and who gives
      it.
AB  - To determine the extent of health counseling received by college freshmen from
      their primary health care providers, 362 students answered questions regarding 15
      health topics. Internists provided more counseling than pediatricians and
      family/general practitioners about smoking and alcohol use, more than
      pediatricians about drug use and heart disease prevention, and more than
      family/general practitioners about weight control and nutrition. Pediatricians
      exceeded family/general practitioners in counseling about weight control and
      nutrition but did not exceed internists in any areas. For 11 of 15 topics, more
      than 75% of students reported receiving no counseling. Women were counseled for
      stress and contraception more frequently than men. Overall, topics most often
      discussed by physicians were exercise, nutrition, and breast self-examination.
      The topics most frequently requested by students were exercise, stress (women),
      depression, weight control (women) and sexually transmitted diseases (men). These
      data suggest that adolescents receive little health counseling from personal
      physicians, especially regarding topics leading to great morbidity and mortality
      for this age group. Pediatricians, especially, must increase the extent of
      counseling if they are to meet the American Academy of Pediatrics' goal of
      providing care to adolescents and young adults.

PMID- 3405685
TI  - Once-daily administration of ceftriaxone for the treatment of selected serious
      bacterial infections in children.
AB  - Ceftriaxone treatment (50 to 80 mg/kg once daily) was given to 201 children
      between 1 month and 18 years of age. There were 201 serious bacterial infections,
      including epiglottitis, pneumonia, cellulitis, osteomyelitis, septic arthritis,
      pyelonephritis, sepsis, and meningitis. The common pathogens responsible for
      pediatric infections isolated from these patients included Haemophilus
      influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus
      pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli. The overall clinic cure rate was 94%. Ten
      patients were clinically improved but not cured. There were two clinical
      failures. Bacteriologic failure occurred in six patients. The overall
      bacteriologic cure rate was 97%. Twenty patients (10%) experienced adverse
      effects; none required discontinuation of therapy. The efficacy, safety,
      spectrum, and convenience of ceftriaxone monotherapy make this antimicrobial
      agent a candidate for the treatment of choice of selected serious pediatric
      infections.

PMID- 3405686
TI  - Infant-feeding practices among middle-class Anglos and Hispanics.
AB  - Feeding practices have been analyzed prospectively in a sample of 1,112 healthy
      infants selected from families using an HMO. Data were collected at well-child
      visits during the first year of life regarding breast-feeding, formula feeding,
      and use of solid foods and cow's milk. Seventy percent of all infants were breast
      fed, with the mean duration of breast-feeding being almost 7 months. Factors
      positively associated with breast-feeding included education and marriage,
      whereas maternal employment outside the home and ethnicity (being Hispanic rather
      than Anglo-American) were related to bottle feeding. Solid foods were introduced
      earlier by Hispanics and, also, among less well educated and single women;
      maternal employment was unrelated to the introduction of solid foods. Multiple
      regression analysis indicated different patterns for the two ethnic groups:
      education and employment were related to almost all feeding practices for Anglo
      Americans, whereas education and employment predicted few feeding practices for
      the Hispanics. These findings suggest that the effects of ethnicity are
      independent of those of education.

PMID- 3405688
TI  - Collaborative research: once more into the breach.

PMID- 3405689
TI  - Improving the quality of expert witness testimony.

PMID- 3405687
TI  - Drug dispensing by physicians: promoter's claims examined.
AB  - Experience in private pediatric practice is used to illustrate some potential
      advantages and disadvantages to patients and physicians of drug dispensing by
      physicians. Projections were based on the prescribing trends in the practice, the
      extent of patients' insurance reimbursement for prescriptions, the laws regarding
      dispensing, and the costs incurred when physicians purchase selected medications
      from a repackager or when patients procure them at a community pharmacy. Patients
      without insurance for prescriptions can potentially save money by purchasing
      medication at the physician's office but, in general, only if the physician's
      dispensing fee is minimal. Potential profits to physicians would be cut by an
      estimated 50% because of third-party enrollees choosing to have prescriptions
      filled at a pharmacy because of cost savings. Net profits are further reduced and
      may even be eliminated when the cost of physician and staff time to prepare,
      label, reorder, and maintain necessary records regarding dispensed medication are
      considered. Although it may be convenient for the patient to obtain initial
      supplies of medication at the time of an office visit, obtaining refills may be
      less convenient. The time and paperwork involved in dispensing by a physician
      cannot be considered as minimal interruptions in normal office procedure. The
      broad, attractive claims made in support of physician dispensing by physicians
      clearly overstate the benefits both to patients and to physicians.

PMID- 3405691
TI  - Health care delivery to adolescents and young adults by pediatricians.

PMID- 3405690
TI  - Residency training in management of child abuse.

PMID- 3405692
TI  - Carbamazepine malabsorption: a case report.

PMID- 3405693
TI  - AIDS and suctioning newborn infants.

PMID- 3405694
TI  - Molybdenum cofactor deficiency: another inborn error of metabolism with neonatal
      onset.

PMID- 3405695
TI  - Defecation dynamics.

PMID- 3405696
TI  - Prevention of lead poisoning in children--an issue for both developing and
      industrialized countries.

PMID- 3405697
TI  - Varying preschool arrangements and self-concepts of educable mentally retarded
      children in grade 1.
AB  - Differences in measured self-concept among educable mentally retarded children in
      Grade 1 were examined. Subjects included 90 children randomly selected from
      larger populations with varying preschool experiences. An initial positive
      influence of preschool experience on self-concept in Grade 1 appeared to be more
      pronounced among those subjects exposed to nonhandicapped peers.

PMID- 3405698
TI  - Alcohol and unpleasant stimulation: subjective shock calibration and pain and
      discomfort perception.
AB  - In an experiment 8 men participated in an alcohol and a sober condition in a
      rotated order. In both conditions subjects first calibrated a shock scale to a
      subjective criterion and then rated their subjective pain and total discomfort.
      Subjects calibrated the shock scale higher when intoxicated and rated the
      calibrated level equally painful in the sober and intoxicated conditions, but
      when intoxicated subjects actually rated the higher shock level as less
      uncomfortable. The shock scale was calibrated higher under intoxication not
      because subjects wanted to impress the experimenter but because less pain and
      discomfort was actually experienced.

PMID- 3405699
TI  - In defense of the assimilation theory of visual illusions.
AB  - It is argued that, contrary to Schiano's view (1986), assimilation theory does
      explain the nonmonotonic relationship between degree of distortion and size of
      context.

PMID- 3405700
TI  - Expressed motives in elected Presidents' addresses and rates of personal violence
      (suicide and homicide) in USA election years.

PMID- 3405701
TI  - Hemisphericity and problem-solving ability.
AB  - 149 freshmen undergraduates were administered the Higher Information Processing
      Scale and an anagram problem-solving task. Single-solution anagrams were chosen
      from lists of age-appropriate vocabulary words high in concrete imagery or low in
      imagery (abstract). Small but significant correlations were obtained between
      number of concrete anagrams solved and right- and integrated-hemispheric
      preference scores, respectively. Students categorized as "integrated preference"
      solved more high-imagery anagrams than any other group. Results lend support to
      the hypothesis that brain hemisphere specializations may exist but integration of
      the hemispheres may yield best performance.

PMID- 3405702
TI  - Intentional and incidental visual memory as a function of cognitive level and
      color of the stimulus.
AB  - Performance of two groups of youngsters, educable mentally retarded (CA 15-5; MA
      11-4; IQ 74.3) and those of average ability (CA 10-5; MA 11-3; IQ 109.1) was
      compared for intentional and incidental visual memory as a function of cognitive
      level and color of the stimulus. Nonretarded subjects performed significantly
      better than the retarded ones of equal MA. Both groups performed better with a
      color than black-white card, and both groups did better on the tasks involving
      intentional rather than incidental memory.

PMID- 3405703
TI  - Cerebral dominance and attentional bias in word recognition.
AB  - This study investigated the role of cerebral dominance, functional localization,
      and attentional bias on the recognition of neutral and emotionally charged words
      presented unilaterally and bilaterally by a tachistoscope to the left and right
      visual fields of 42 left and 42 right handers. The major findings were: (1) Over
      all, right handers perceived more words than left handers; (2) Although more
      neutral words were perceived, there were no interactive effects for type of word;
      (3) Unilateral presentation: LVF = RVF for left and right handers; Bilateral
      presentation: left handers evidenced a left visual-field advantage, right handers
      evidenced a right visual-field advantage; (4) Directional cuing did not magnify
      the existing visual field advantage but increased efficiency of recognition for
      words presented to the correctly cued nondominant visual field and decreased
      efficiency of recognition for words presented to the incorrectly cued dominant
      visual field. It was concluded that, although each hemisphere was equally capable
      of processing single words, cerebral dominance and functional localization
      interact with attentional bias to produce the observed differential in word
      recognition of the left and right visual fields.

PMID- 3405704
TI  - Vocal reaction times to tachistoscopically presented high- and low-frequency
      verbs: some evidence for selective minor hemisphere linguistic analysis.
AB  - The current study investigated the capacity of the right hemisphere to process
      verbs using a paradigm proven reliable for predicting differential, minor
      hemisphere lexical analysis in the normal, intact brain. Vocal reaction times of
      normal subjects were measured to unilaterally presented verbs of high and of low
      frequency. A significant interaction was noted between the stimulus items and
      visual fields. Post hoc tests showed that vocal reaction times to verbs of high
      frequency were significantly faster following right visual-field presentations
      (right hemisphere). No significant differences in vocal reaction time occurred
      between the two visual fields for the verbs of low frequency. Also, significant
      differences were observed between the two types of verbs following left visual
      field presentation but not the right. These results were interpreted to suggest
      that right-hemispheric analysis was restricted to the verbs of high frequency in
      the presence of a dominant left hemisphere.

PMID- 3405705
TI  - Longitudinal validity of the Miller Assessment for Preschoolers: study II.
AB  - The classificational accuracy of the Miller Assessment for Preschoolers was
      examined in relation to intelligence and achievement measures assessed four years
      later. Specifically, the test's predictive validity was evaluated using the
      recommended 5% (Refer) and 25% cut-offs (Watch). The results' implications for
      decision strategies in research on validity for preschool screening instruments
      are discussed.

PMID- 3405706
TI  - Psychological gender, hand preferences, and sex differences in book-carrying
      styles.
AB  - Individuals with stronger sex-role identities may be expected to show greater
      conformity to sex-typed behaviors. Proceeding from this assumption, the sex-role
      status and sex of students using different styles of carrying books were
      compared. This study also examined whether over-all hand preference or age were
      related to carrying styles or sex-role status. Subjects completed a questionnaire
      comprised of the 24-item Personal Attributes Questionnaire of Spence and
      Helmreich, a 6-item scale of hand preference and a self-rating of sex-role
      identity. Afterwards, each subject's carrying style was covertly observed and
      recorded. Most subjects carried their materials in a sex-typical way or in book
      bags (for which no sex-typed carrying styles were discovered). As in previous
      studies, men in this study scored higher than women on masculinity and androgyny
      and lower on femininity. Hand preference was not related to sex-role status.
      Carrying style was not significantly correlated with any of the predictor
      variables for men, perhaps because almost no variance in carrying style was
      observed among them. Women who used masculine carrying styles tended to be older,
      have greater instrumentality, and a more masculine identity.

PMID- 3405707
TI  - Comparison between Gorham's Proverbs Test and the revised Shipley Institute of
      Living Scale for a black population.
AB  - A total of 278 black women (183) and men (95) were administered the Gorham's
      Proverbs Test and the Shipley Institute of Living Scale (revised). This study
      compared Abstract scores on the Gorham's Proverbs Test with Vocabulary and
      Abstract scores on the Shipley Institute of Living Scale. The two tests were
      remarkably similar in terms of score distributions and susceptibility to the
      effects of age, perceived socioeconomic level during childhood, education, and
      perceived quality of education. Analysis also showed that abstract reasoning, as
      measured by these tests, is not free from the effects of vocabulary skills. Mean
      scores on both tests were within the range of mean scores previously reported in
      the literature.

PMID- 3405708
TI  - Familiarity with proverbs and performance of a black population on Gorham's
      Proverbs Test.
AB  - The Gorham Proverbs Test was administered to 278 black participants residing in a
      large metropolitan area in Southern California. Respondents were also asked to
      indicate whether they were familiar with each of the 40 proverbs in the test.
      Scores were significantly affected by respondents' ages, education, and perceived
      childhood socioeconomic status. Familiarity with a proverb increased the
      probability of its correct interpretation. Familiarity of proverbs and attempts
      to interpret them were significantly associated, that is, respondents tended not
      to attempt interpretation of unfamiliar proverbs. The number of familiar proverbs
      per test was not significantly associated with respondents' test scores. The mean
      Abstract score obtained in this study was comparable to mean scores previously
      reported in the literature, suggesting that ethnic differences do not
      significantly affect performance on the Proverbs Test.

PMID- 3405709
TI  - Effects of depressed mood induction on reasoning performance.
AB  - The relationship between depressed mood, reasoning and perceptual performance was
      examined with 57 undergraduate volunteers. To intensify its effect, Velten's 1968
      mood induction procedure was modified by having subjects hear a prerecording of
      each mood statement prior to saying it themselves. Also, midway through the
      experiment subjects completed an abbreviated mood induction to ensure
      continuation of the appropriate mood. Ratings of subjects' mood on a 13-point
      Likert scale before and after mood induction indicated the mood induction was
      effective. Subjects completed the reasoning measure of 48 syllogisms, and the
      perceptual measure involving identification of positive, negative, or neutral
      stimulus words presented tachistoscopically. "Depressed" individuals showed
      poorer reasoning performance of marginal significance than "elated" subjects.
      Mood induction did not appear to affect perceptual performance. Results are
      discussed in terms of the research on reasoning deficits in depression.

PMID- 3405710
TI  - Reliability and accuracy of self-report of a new body-image measure.
AB  - The present study investigated the reliability and accuracy of the Body-image
      Distortion Questionnaire, a paper-and-pencil self-report measure. Forty male and
      41 female college students completed the questionnaire on each of two occasions
      21 days apart. During the second session, height, weight, and body build were
      measured. Results indicated that the questionnaire is a reliable and accurate
      measure of body-image distortion.

PMID- 3405711
TI  - Homosexual and heterosexual sex-role orientation on six sex-role scales.
AB  - A comparison was made of the sex roles of homosexual and heterosexual men and
      women on the Bem Sex Role Inventory, Personality Attributes Questionnaire,
      Personality Research Form Androgyny Scale, Adjective Checklist Masculinity and
      Femininity Scales, Extended Personality Attributes Questionnaire and Undesirable
      Characteristics Scale. The results indicated that homosexuals and heterosexuals
      differ in their response to different aspects of sex roles. The most consistent
      difference was the greater femininity of male homosexuals in respect to male
      heterosexuals. Other differences were scale-specific and the low interscale
      comparability indicated such scales should not be used interchangeably.
      Differences between results of studies comparing sex roles of the homosexuals and
      heterosexuals appear attributable to sample heterogeneity and distinctions
      between sex-role scales.

PMID- 3405712
TI  - Eyeblinking during autokinetic movement observed by a subject living in the up
      down inverted visual world.
AB  - Eyeblinking during autokinetic movement observed by one subject living in the up
      down inverted visual world, was investigated. The subject wore frame-spectacles
      (without prisms) for the first two days and then wore up-down inverting
      spectacles (with prisms) for the next four days, followed by the resumption of
      the former frame-spectacles for one day. Eyeblinks during autokinetic movement
      were measured by using vertical EOG. Analysis showed (1) the occurrence of
      eyeblinking during autokinetic movement was not influenced by living in the up
      down inverted visual world; (2) the frequency of eyeblinking during autokinetic
      movement significantly decreased with successive days of observation.

PMID- 3405713
TI  - Psychological effects of running loss on consistent runners.
AB  - This study examined the psychological effects of running loss upon consistent
      runners. We compared a group of 30 "Prevented Runners" who were unable to run for
      at least two weeks with a group of 30 "Continuing Runners" who ran without
      interruption on the Profile of Mood States (POMS), Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale,
      Zung Depression Scale, and a Running Information questionnaire. We found that
      Prevented Runners displayed significantly greater symptoms of psychological
      distress, including depression, anxiety, confusion, over-all mood disturbance,
      and lower self-esteem than did Continuing Runners. Deprivation of running may
      result in withdrawal symptoms of psychological distress for consistent runners
      who rely on running as a coping strategy for stress reduction and who feel
      dependent upon the psychological reinforcements of running.

PMID- 3405714
TI  - Hemispheric dominance inferred from Your Style of Learning and Thinking on
      reports of Necker cube reversals and maze learning.
AB  - 30 subjects volunteered from three sources: community adults (M age = 32.8, SD =
      13.4), college adults (M age = 23.8, SD = 8.3), and children (M age = 9.5, SD =
      1.7) and were categorized as 'left-' and 'right-dominant' by scores on Your Style
      of Thinking and Learning. They reported the number of Necker cube reversals
      perceived in 90 sec., attempted to locate four embedded figures, and blindly
      traversed a 16-choice point finger maze in that order. 'Right-dominant' subjects
      located more embedded figures and made fewer errors on the finger maze than did
      'left-dominant' subjects. College adults reported more Necker cube reversals than
      did community adults and children, and community adults reported more reversals
      than did children. Confounds of performance measures with fatigue and/or practice
      require further research.

PMID- 3405715
TI  - Field independence and simultaneous processing in preschool children.
AB  - The present study examined the relations between field independence and
      simultaneous processing of preschool children as measured by the Preschool
      Embedded Figures Test (PEFT) and subtests from the Kaufman Assessment Battery for
      Children (K-ABC), respectively. Data partially supported the assumption that
      field-independent children would perform significantly better on simultaneous
      processing tasks in general. Significant age and sex differences on field
      independence/field-dependence and simultaneous-processing abilities were found
      among the embedded figures task and selected portions of the K-ABC. Analysis of
      embedded figures further indicated age differences, but no significant sex
      differences.

PMID- 3405716
TI  - Subjects' skill and biphasic effects of met-enkephalin upon the acquisition and
      retention of a perceptual motor task.
AB  - The effects of met-enkephalin on the acquisition and retention over 10 days of a
      perceptual motor skill were investigated. Mice were randomly assigned to either
      one of two experimental groups (1-mg or 3-mg injections per 1-kg of body weight
      of met-enkephalin) or one of two control groups (dH2O injections). During the
      acquisition phase of the study, they were separated into "slow" and "fast"
      learners on the basis of their skill in negotiating a water maze. The results
      indicated an inhibitory effect of met-enkephalin in the 3-mg condition in the
      retention phase of the experiment. Subjects' skill was not implicated as a
      critical factor in retention of this simple task.

PMID- 3405717
TI  - Residential assessment of adults with moderate mental retardation.

PMID- 3405718
TI  - Training of conversational skills with institutionalized elderly: a preliminary
      study.
AB  - 16 residents in a Residential Care Home for elderly people volunteered and were
      trained in a social skills program aimed at increasing conversational skills.
      Subjects were assigned randomly to three groups, one experimental and two control
      groups (placebo and waiting list). The techniques used in the experimental group
      were behavior rehearsal, feedback, modeling, discriminative reinforcement, verbal
      instructions, and homework. Relative to control groups, experimental subjects
      showed significant increases in conversational skills, such as receiving
      information, speaking-up, and giving information. They also showed a significant
      decrease in their scores on Zung's Self-rating Scale of Depression compared with
      the two control groups. They showed an increase in assertive responses and a
      decrease in aggressive and inhibited responses. These changes remained when
      follow-up was made 3 mo. later, suggesting the potential utility of this training
      program with elderly persons residing in old people's homes.

PMID- 3405719
TI  - Antismoking attitudes and general prejudice: an empirical study.
AB  - A group of 5,977 persons was interviewed concerning attitudes towards smoking and
      smokers. Prejudice against smoking was significantly related to prejudice against
      various racial, religious and political groups and was noted in personality types
      previously found to be characteristically prejudiced. Mortality was much greater
      in prejudiced nonsmokers than in nonprejudiced smokers.

PMID- 3405720
TI  - Cognitive organization of emotion: differences between labels and descriptors of
      emotion in jealousy situations.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to ascertain whether the cognitive organization of
      labels of emotion differs from descriptions of affective states. This was done in
      the context of determining whether the attributions of labels of emotion and
      descriptions of affective responses in jealousy situations differed according to
      the status of the interloper, presence of an audience to the untoward behavior,
      and sex of the respondent. The subjects, 300 male and female junior college
      students, read vignettes which placed them at a party where their mates
      passionately kissed interlopers of varying status, and whose transgressions were,
      or were not, observed by others. The subjects were required to indicate the
      likelihood that they would experience anger, disgust, fear, jealousy, sadness,
      and surprise, and 49 cognitive and physiological descriptions of the affective
      states referred to by the aforementioned labels of emotion. Different findings
      were obtained with the labels and descriptors of affective states. This was
      interpreted as support for the systems theory of G.E. Schwartz. The descriptions,
      but not the labels, indicated that men were most upset when the interloper was a
      best friend and least concerned when he was a stranger. In contrast, women were
      most upset when the interloper was someone of equal or lower status than
      themselves and least upset when the interloper was their best friend.

PMID- 3405721
TI  - Psychology of computer use: IV. Effects of video display units on fundamental
      visual processes: temporal resolution.
AB  - Measures of two-pulse resolution (2PR) using foveally and peripherally viewed
      targets were obtained before and after reading videotext and print. Three pulse
      durations (25, 250, and 300 msec.) were used. The results showed that (a) 2PR on
      the fovea is about a fourth of that on the periphery, (b) peripheral 2PR
      increases following reading videotext, and (c) no appreciable effects occur
      following reading print.

PMID- 3405722
TI  - Influence of age, sex, hearing loss and balance on development of catching by
      deaf children.
AB  - 132 deaf boys and girls were evaluated on development for catching and static and
      dynamic balance proficiency. Additional information was obtained relative to age
      and hearing loss in decibels. Mature form in catching was related to
      chronological age and proficiency of balance. Sex and hearing loss do not appear
      to affect level of development as measured for catching.

PMID- 3405723
TI  - Relation of mobility-fixity to the interpretation of pictorial stimuli.
AB  - A group of 61 students who had previously (in 1986) been classified by Hansson,
      Ryden, and Johnsson in terms of perceptual fixity-mobility using a "free" Rod-and
      Frame Test, were investigated regarding their interpretations of a nonfigurative
      stimulus shown repetitively at short exposure-times, and their characterization
      of two pictures each portraying two soldiers in intensive interaction--one man
      apparently attacking the other in the first picture and apparently rescuing or
      taking care of the other man in the second. Mobile subjects on the free Rod-and
      Frame Test reported a larger number of different interpretations of the
      nonfigurative stimulus and construed it more frequently in terms of human themes
      than did the fixed subjects; in rating the pictures of soldiers, they used more
      extreme and complex characteristics. It appeared that, when confronted with
      ambiguous stimuli, the mobile individual moves both "horizontally", as it were,
      along the surface of objective reality, and "vertically", from present to past
      realities, thus conjoining subjective-emotional and objective-analytic aspects of
      perception. This interpretation agrees with Werner's model of mobility-fixity
      which implies that the mobile individual operates on different developmental
      levels of perceptual functioning.

PMID- 3405724
TI  - Infants' sensitivity to kinetic information for three-dimensional object shape.

PMID- 3405725
TI  - Attending to color and shape: the special role of location in selective visual
      processing.

PMID- 3405726
TI  - Parallel processing of two disjunctive targets.

PMID- 3405727
TI  - The detection of real and apparent concomitant rotation in a three-dimensional
      cube: implications for perceptual interactions.

PMID- 3405729
TI  - Two response processes in a guessing task.

PMID- 3405728
TI  - Orientation-contingent color aftereffects are determined by real color, not
      induced color.

PMID- 3405730
TI  - Components of prism adaptation in terminal and concurrent exposure: organization
      of the eye-hand coordination loop.

PMID- 3405731
TI  - Head posture effects in prism adaptation during hallway exposure.

PMID- 3405732
TI  - Effects of visual and auditory noise on visual choice reaction time in a
      continuous-flow paradigm.

PMID- 3405733
TI  - Does the size of figures affect the rate of mental rotation?

PMID- 3405734
TI  - Binocularity and visual search.

PMID- 3405735
TI  - The use of context in auditory word recognition.

PMID- 3405736
TI  - Spatial and temporal factors in the perception of ethanol irritation on the
      tongue.

PMID- 3405737
TI  - Amount of practice and degree of attentional control have no influence on the
      adverse effect of alcohol in word categorization and visual search tasks.

PMID- 3405739
TI  - Dichoptic reading: the role of meaning in binocular rivalry.

PMID- 3405738
TI  - Masking with minimal contours: selective inhibition with low spatial frequencies.

PMID- 3405740
TI  - Decreased visual performance resulting from temporal uncertainty, target
      movement, and background movement.

PMID- 3405741
TI  - The perception of vertical and horizontal distances in outdoor settings.

PMID- 3405742
TI  - A spatial frequency effect on perceived depth.

PMID- 3405743
TI  - Taste reception of binary sugar mixtures: psychophysical comparison of two
      models.

PMID- 3405744
TI  - The processing of hierarchical stimuli: effects of retinal locus, locational
      uncertainty, and stimulus identity.

PMID- 3405745
TI  - A response-selection basis for the mixed-category, repeated-stimulus inferiority
      effect.

PMID- 3405746
TI  - A source of error in attempts to distinguish coactivation from separate
      activation in the perception of redundant targets.

PMID- 3405747
TI  - Some performance tests of QUEST on measurements of vibrotactile thresholds.

PMID- 3405750
TI  - Tracts of A.T base pairs retard the electrophoretic mobility of short DNA
      duplexes.
AB  - An investigation of the mobility of short duplexes of DNA -octamers and decamers
      on polyacrylamide gels is presented, showing that molecules containing less than
      one helical turn exhibit sequence dependent mobilities. Analysis of chains with
      different sequences indicates that any arrangement of two or more adjacent A.T
      base pairs causes a duplex to move more slowly than does any combination of
      isolated A.T pairs This behavior appears to be an intrinsic property of these
      sequences, since the anomaly persists in the absence of magnesium or presence of
      spermine and is not due to strand dissociation. In two decamers we studied, the
      position of A.T tracts within a duplex can be shown to influence mobility: the
      sequence GA4T4C associated with bending or curvature of the helix axis when
      ligated into polymers migrates more slowly than the corresponding sequence
      GT4A4C, polymers of which migrate as linear B DNA.

PMID- 3405749
TI  - Formation of covalent complexes between human O6-alkylguanine-DNA
      alkyltransferase and BCNU-treated defined length synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides.
AB  - Repair of chloroethylnitrosourea (CENU)-induced precursors of DNA interstrand
      cross-links by O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (GAT or GATase) appears to be
      a factor in tumor resistance to therapy with this class of antineoplastic drugs.
      Since human GAT is highly specific for O6-guanine, yet the probable cross-link
      structure is N'-Guanine N3-cytosine ethane, rearrangement of the initial O6
      guanine adduct via O6,N1ethanoguanine has been proposed. We suggested that GAT
      reaction with this intermediate would produce DNA covalently linked to protein
      through an ethane link from N1-guanine to the alkylacceptor site on GAT. In
      preliminary studies we demonstrated a covalent complex between GAT and carmustine
      (BCNU)-treated DNA by a precipitation assay method. We have now developed a
      method for isolating the reaction product of BCNU-treated synthetic 14-mer [32P]
      labeled oligodeoxynucleotide and GAT using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
      This approach can be used to characterize the adducts induced by CENUs that lead
      to complex formation with GAT. Results obtained to date are consistent with these
      adducts being precursors of DNA interstrand cross-links.

PMID- 3405748
TI  - Characterization of highly repetitive sequences of Arabidopsis thaliana.
AB  - We have analyzed three classes of highly repetitive DNA sequences of Arabidopsis
      thaliana, composed of tamdemly repeated units of 180 bp, 500 bp, and 160 bp,
      respectively. The three families comprise approximately 2% of the Arabidopsis
      genome and are the major component of the highly repetitive DNA. The 500-bp
      element arose by duplication of one half of a 180-bp ancestor and insertion of a
      foreign segment between the two duplicated parts followed by amplification. The
      repeat elements contain occasionally palindromes and other motifs but none are
      significantly conserved. There is no significant similarity with previously
      published repetitive elements. Heterogeneity between monomers ranges from 6% to
      17%. Monomers derived from different clusters in the genome are more diverged
      than monomers of the same array.

PMID- 3405751
TI  - Identification of regions essential for extrachromosomal replication and
      maintenance of an endogenous plasmid in Dictyostelium.
AB  - Initial experiments with the endogenous 12.3 kb Dictyostelium discoideum plasmid
      Ddp1 led to the generation of a large shuttle vector, Ddp1-20. In addition to
      Ddp1, this vector contains pBR322 and a gene fusion that confers G418 resistance
      in Dictyostelium cells. We have shown that Ddp1-20 replicates extrachromosomally
      in Dictyostelium cells and can be grown in Escherichia coli cells (1). We have
      now examined deletions within this vector to identify the elements essential for
      extrachromosomal replication and stable maintenance of the plasmid. We find that
      a 2.2 kb fragment is sufficient to confer stable, extrachromosomal replication
      with a reduction in copy number from about 40 to approximately 10-15 copies per
      cell. Vectors containing additional Ddp1 sequences have a higher copy number. The
      2.2 kb region contains none of the complete, previously identified transcription
      units on Ddp1 expressed during vegetative growth or development. These results
      suggest that gene products expressed by Ddp1 are not essential for replication,
      stability, or partitioning of the plasmid between daughter cells. Vectors
      carrying only the 2.2 kb fragment plus the gene fusion conferring G418 resistance
      transform Dictyostelium cells with high efficiency using either calcium phosphate
      mediated transformation or electroporation. Finally, we have examined the
      relative levels of expression of actin promoters driving neoR genes when in
      extrachromosomal or integrating vectors.

PMID- 3405752
TI  - Tissue-specific variation in C4 and Slp gene regulation.
AB  - C4 and Slp are highly homologous mouse genes that differ in function and
      regulation. Allelic variants exist in quantitative regulation of C4 and in
      hormonal regulation of Slp. We have examined expression in several tissues,
      including liver and peritoneal macrophages which are the major sites of
      synthesis, using a probe that allows direct comparison of C4 and Slp mRNAs.
      Correctly-sized and initiated RNA, within an order of magnitude of liver levels,
      is found in mammary gland, lung, spleen, and kidney; lower levels are detectable
      in testis, brain, heart and submaxillary gland. By comparing expression in
      congenic mouse strains differing in C4 and Slp loci, regulation of these genes is
      seen to vary in different tissues. This provides a well-defined genetic system in
      which to examine cis-acting sequences and trans-acting factors that result in
      tissue-specific patterns of gene regulation.

PMID- 3405753
TI  - Ribosomal protein S14 genes in broad bean mitochondrial DNA.
AB  - Broad bean (Vicia faba) mtDNA contains an open reading frame with a predicted
      amino acid sequence that is 41% homologous to the ribosomal protein S14 (RPS14)
      of Escherichia coli, and which is located 1232 ntp upstream from a gene for
      cytochrome b (cob). A second putative rpS14 gene occurs in broad bean mtDNA, 344
      ntp upstream from a gene for ATPase subunit 9 (atp9). However, the atp9-linked
      rpS14 gene is 12 codons shorter than the cob-linked rpS14 gene. Sequence homology
      is found upstream (for 218 ntp) but not downstream from the two rpS14 genes.
      Transcripts were detected in broad bean mtRNA only for the cob-linked rpS14 gene.
      All RNA molecules that include a transcript of the rpS14 gene also include a
      transcript of the cob gene. Sequences homologous to the broad bean mitochondrial
      rpS14 gene were detected in soybean mtDNA, but not in corn mtDNA. Relationships
      between the amino acid sequences of RPS14s encoded in broad bean mtDNA, in
      chloroplast DNAs of various angiosperms, and in E. coli are consistent with the
      view that the ancestral lines of these three kinds of DNA diverged from each
      other within a relatively short time period.

PMID- 3405756
TI  - cDNA cloning and gene characterization of the mitochondrial large subunit (LSU)
      rRNA from the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica. Evidence of heterogeneity in the
      fluke mitochondrial genome.
AB  - A cDNA clone that encodes the large subunit of mitochondrial ribosomal RNA (LSU
      rRNA) from the liver fluke F. hepatica was isolated and characterized. This RNA
      molecule is polyadenylated at the 3' end and represents 10% of the poly A+RNA in
      adult F. hepatica. Fluke LSU rRNA has significant sequence homology to mosquito
      mitochondria LSU rRNA and is more closely related to the mitochondrial rRNA of
      hermaphroditic than dioecious trematodes. Mitochondrial DNA constitutes
      approximately 10% of the total cellular DNA of adult flukes. This percentage is
      lower in non-embryonated eggs as are the levels of LSU rRNA indicating eggs have
      lower metabolic activity. Analysis of transcription and the number of
      mitochondrial genomes in S. mansoni shows that the LSU rRNA is more abundant in
      females than in males. Restriction endonuclease analysis of the fluke
      mitochondrial LSU rRNA genes suggests the presence of heterogeneous repeated
      copies in the mitochondrial genome or heterogeneity among individual genomes of
      mitochondria.

PMID- 3405755
TI  - Oligonucleotide-directed construction of mutations: a gapped duplex DNA procedure
      without enzymatic reactions in vitro.
AB  - The gapped duplex DNA approach to oligonucleotide-directed construction of
      mutations (Kramer et al. 1984, Nucl. Acids Res. 12, 9441-9456) has been developed
      further. A procedure is described that makes in vitro DNA polymerase/DNA ligase
      reactions dispensable. Direct transfection of host bacteria with gdDNA molecules
      of recombinant phage M13 plus mutagenic oligonucleotide results in marker yields
      in excess of 50% (gap size 1640 nucleotides). An important feature incorporated
      into the mutagenic oligonucleotide is the presence of one or two internucleotidic
      phosphorothioate linkages immediately adjacent to the 5'-terminus. Automated
      preparation and biochemical properties of such compounds are described as well as
      their performance in oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis. A systematic study of
      the following parameters influencing marker yield is reported: Gap size, length
      of oligonucleotide, chemical nature of oligonucleotide termini and heatshock
      temperature during transformation.

PMID- 3405754
TI  - Structural interconversion of alternating purine-pyrimidine inverted repeats
      cloned in supercoiled plasmids.
AB  - Two self complementary oligonucleotides, T(GC)4AT(GC)4ACATG and C(GC)2(AT)5
      (GC)3ATG, were synthesized and cloned into plasmids. Negative supercoiling causes
      a structural transition in the primary helix of both inserts. The first sequence
      converts into the left-handed helix, whereas the second sequence undergoes a
      transition into a cruciform or a Z-type structure depending on the experimental
      conditions employed. This has been deduced from the mapping of S1 nuclease
      sensitive sites, OsO4-sensitive sites, DEP modification pattern and relaxation
      studies. In addition, the differential effect of 5-cytosine methylation and
      binding of the AT-specific drug distamycin on these transitions further supports
      this interpretation. Thus, it is demonstrated, that the same sequence which is
      both inverted repeat and alternating purine-pyrimidine type may adopt either the
      left-handed conformation or the cruciform structure in response to the
      superhelical stress. Formation of the Z-type helix can be transmitted through the
      d(AT)n region which is 10 bp in length.

PMID- 3405758
TI  - Genetic analysis of the tomato golden mosaic virus. II. The product of the AL1
      coding sequence is required for replication.
AB  - Tomato golden mosaic virus (TGMV) belongs to the geminivirus subgroup that is
      characterized by a split genome consisting of two single-stranded circular DNAs.
      The TGMV A genome component encodes the virus coat protein as well as all of the
      functions necessary for viral DNA replication. Analysis of the nucleotide
      sequence indicates that the TGMV A component has, in addition to the coat protein
      encoding ORF, four overlapping open reading frames (ORFs) with the potential to
      encode proteins of greater than 10 kD. We have investigated the functions of
      these putative proteins in both symptom formation and DNA replication by creating
      mutations in each of the ORFs. Our results show that the AL4 ORF, which is
      encoded within the N-terminal region of ORF AL1, is not essential for normal
      virus infection. In contrast, we find that disruption of the AL3 ORF results in
      delay and attenuation of symptom formation. We also report that the products of
      the AL1 and AL2 ORFs are absolutely required for symptom formation. Studies of
      DNA replication show that only the AL1 open reading frame is essential for viral
      DNA synthesis. The significance of these results for the development of vectors
      from the geminiviruses is discussed.

PMID- 3405757
TI  - Analysis of gene expression using episomal mouse dihydrofolate reductase
      minigenes.
AB  - We have constructed a plasmid encoding a mouse dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr)
      minigene which produces dhfr transcripts with all of the 5' and 3' ends observed
      from the chromosomal mouse dhfr gene. The minigene contains 5' flanking regions,
      all dhfr coding sequences, one intervening sequence, 11.5 kb of 3' flanking
      regions beyond the termination codon, an E. coli plasmid origin of replication
      and antibiotic resistance, and an SV40 minimal origin of replication; the total
      size is 17.2 kb. When transfected into cells constitutively producing a
      temperature sensitive SV40 T antigen, the plasmid minigene replicates at the
      permissive temperature, but fails to replicate at the nonpermissive temperature.
      Therefore, transcription can be observed in the presence or absence of minigene
      replication. In addition, a stable divergently transcribed RNA is produced from
      the dhfr minigene promoter region, with the same 5' ends that are seen in the
      chromosomal divergently transcribed gene. We show that deletion of the sole
      remaining intron of the dhfr minigene significantly lowers the amount of dhfr
      transcript produced but does not affect the amount of divergent transcript. The
      promoter region for these transcripts contains four 48 bp repeats; reducing the
      number of these repeats lowers the amount of both dhfr and divergent transcripts
      produced from the minigene.

PMID- 3405759
TI  - 1H NMR study of the solution structure of the self-complementary dodecanucleotide
      d(TGCA)3.
AB  - The deoxyoligonucleotide d(TGCA)3 is a candidate for exhibiting unusual
      conformations. Its 1H NMR spectrum under low salt conditions has been obtained at
      400 MHz and assigned using two-dimensional NMR techniques. The sugar puckers and
      glycosidic torsions have been determined by inspecting the relative intensities
      of the intranucleotide NOEs and COSY crosspeaks. At low electrolyte concentration
      (100 mM NaCl) the molecule exists as a right-handed duplex with twelve Watson
      Crick base-pairs and deoxyribose moieties assuming the O1'-endo to C1'-exo
      pucker.

PMID- 3405760
TI  - Plant intron sequences: evidence for distinct groups of introns.
AB  - In vivo and in vitro RNA splicing experiments have demonstrated that the intron
      splicing machineries are not interchangeable in all organisms. These differences
      have prevented the efficient in vivo expression of monocot genes containing
      introns in dicot plants and the in vitro excision of some plant introns in HeLa
      cell in vitro splicing extracts. We have analyzed plant introns for sequence
      differences which potentially account for the functional splicing differences.
      Three classes of plant introns can be differentiated by the purine or pyrimidine
      richness of sequences upstream from the 3' splice site. The frequency of these
      three types of introns in monocots and dicots varies significantly. The degree of
      variability in the 5' and 3' intron boundaries is evaluated for each of these
      classes in monocots and dicots. The 5' splice site consensus sequences developed
      for the monocot and dicot introns differ in their ability to base pair with
      conserved nucleotides present at the 5' end of many U1 snRNAs.

PMID- 3405762
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of the 17S-25S spacer region from tomato rDNA.

PMID- 3405763
TI  - Structure of a mouse cDNA containing a B1 dimer.

PMID- 3405761
TI  - Sequence of a giardin subunit cDNA from Giardia lamblia.

PMID- 3405764
TI  - The 3' untranslated region of the murine mRNA for the alpha 2 chain of type IV
      collagen contains a B1-like element.

PMID- 3405766
TI  - Attachment of transcriptionally active DNA sequences to the nucleoskeleton under
      isotonic conditions.

PMID- 3405765
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of a complete barley alcohol dehydrogenase 1 cDNA.

PMID- 3405767
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of a Bacillus circulans xylanase gene.

PMID- 3405768
TI  - C. elegans snRNAs: a model for U4/U6 base pairing.

PMID- 3405769
TI  - The nucleotide sequence of the 5' flanking region of a tomato polygalacturonase
      gene.

PMID- 3405770
TI  - p-Diazobenzoyl-biocytin: a new biotinylating reagent for DNA.

PMID- 3405771
TI  - Primary structure of the Leishmania donovani small subunit ribosomal RNA coding
      region.

PMID- 3405773
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of a cDNA coding for the amino-terminal region of human
      prepro alpha 1(III) collagen.

PMID- 3405772
TI  - Partial nucleotide sequence of the chlorocatechol degradative operon tfdCDEF of
      pJP4 and similarity to promoters of the chlorinated aromatic degradative operons
      tfdA and clcABD.

PMID- 3405774
TI  - Nitrogen-15 NMR characterization of the neutral form of 7-methylguanosine.

PMID- 3405775
TI  - Sequence of a mouse U2 snRNA gene expressed in transfected mouse cells.

PMID- 3405776
TI  - Fast non-chromatographic method to assay for xanthine-guanosine phosphoribosyl
      transferase.

PMID- 3405777
TI  - cDNA and amino acid sequences of Drosophila laminin B2 chain.

PMID- 3405778
TI  - HMPAO--fundamental and clinical research. Symposium of the Rheinisch-Westfaliche
      Gesellschaft fur Nuklearmedizin. Bonn, 1987. Abstracts.

PMID- 3405779
TI  - A statistical study on left ventricular peak filling rate in diabetes.
AB  - The importance of non-invasive evaluation of cardiac function in diabetes is well
      known and radionuclide angiocardiography has become an accepted diagnostic
      procedure. While the pathophysiological interpretation of systolic parameters is
      clear, the meaning and determinants of peak filling rate (PFR) remain rather
      speculative. In the present study, a "pattern recognition" approach, including
      principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis, has been adopted
      in order to evaluate the determinants of PFR in a series of 48 non-selected
      diabetic patients. The results of the study show that: PFR is inversely dependent
      on age which is its main determinant when systolic function is preserved; PFR is
      inversely dependent on combined effects of left ventricular dimensions, angina
      and wall motion; and the duration of diabetes in itself does not influence PFR.
      These results lead to the following clinically relevant conclusions: (a) It is
      unlikely that a young diabetic patient without anginal symptoms will have a
      significant PFR impairment even if the diabetes has been present for a long time.
      If such impairment is however present, ventricular latent dysfunction is likely
      to be the cause even if systolic parameters are still normal; (b) A decrease of
      PFR in a middle-aged diabetic patient without symptoms and with normal systolic
      function cannot be equated with latent ventricular dysfunction as it may
      represent only an age-related physiological change without special diagnostic
      meaning.

PMID- 3405780
TI  - Double-nuclide study of the myocardium using 201Tl and 123I-labeled fatty acids
      in non-ischemic myocardial diseases.
AB  - Metabolic impairment and perfusion abnormalities are known to occur in
      hypertensive heart disease (HHD) and in cardiomyopathies. Free fatty acid (FFA)
      extraction is severely inhibited in a number of pathobiochemical reactions. This
      parameter was assessed using the radiolabeled FFA analogue 123I-(p-iodo-phenyl-)
      pentadecanoic acid (IPPA) and 201Tl as perfusion marker, both of them injected at
      maximal physical workload. The regional extraction fraction of IPPA (IPPA-EF) was
      estimated by relating the regional IPPA and 201Tl uptake to each other. In HHD
      (normal coronary arteries) with posterior wall thickness less than or equal to 12
      mm IPPA-EF was 77 +/- 18% (SD) in septum and 92 +/- 17% in the posterolateral
      wall (N = 13), with thickness of greater than 12 mm 60 +/- 23% in septum and 61
      +/- 20% in the posterolateral wall (N = 8) when compared with IPPA-EF in normal
      subjects (= 100%, N = 9). In hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) IPPA-EF averaged
      51 +/- 20% in septum and 87 +/- 10% in the posterolateral wall (N = 11). In these
      patient groups no systematic regional changes in 201TI uptake were observed. In
      dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) both IPPA-EF and 201Tl uptake showed distinct
      regional variations and a great interindividual variability with a mean IPPA-EF
      reduction of 12% (N = 9). Thus, IPPA uptake in primarily non-ischemic myocardial
      disease may already be compromised when 201Tl uptake is unchanged. The double
      nuclide method for IPPA-EF determination allows to eliminate the influence of
      flow in FFA imaging and enhances the potential of scintigraphy in the
      differential diagnosis of HHD versus coronary artery disease.

PMID- 3405782
TI  - [Results of radioiodine treatment of patients with immunogenic and non
      immunogenic hyperthyroidism using different focal doses].
AB  - The aim of this study was to check the efficacy of radioiodine (131I) therapy
      (RIT) in a large number of patients (n = 506) suffering from immunogenic or non
      immunogenic hyperthyroidism (Graves' disease, Plummer's disease). Since there is
      no causal cure for immunogenic hyperthyroidism RIT provides, like all other
      modalities, only a moderate rate of success which is clearly dose-related.
      Applying 60 Gy, normal thyroid function can be achieved in only 54% of the cases.
      A dose of 150 Gy succeeds in 86% of the cases. The solitary decompensated
      autonomous adenoma (DAA) can be eliminated surgically as well as by RIT with a
      high degree of success (95%). Contrary to surgery, RIT does not have any
      noticeable early or late morbidity. The high rate of success of RIT in patients
      with DAA could be confirmed in two groups with different follow-up periods (16
      and 65 months). As expected, the rate of hypothyroidism increased from 11% in the
      early group to 23% in the late group. Multinodular autonomous adenomas can be
      eliminated successfully using RIT as well. The concept to apply a dose of 400 Gy
      to the total functional autonomous tissue as determined by ultrasound yields
      better results (95%) than 150 Gy to the whole thyroid gland as measured by
      ultrasound (88%). The rate of hypothyroidism as shown by these results (up to a
      maximum of 62% after RIT of Graves' disease using 150 Gy) is the lesser evil
      compared to remaining or recurrent hyperthyroidism since these patients can be
      treated with thyroid hormones without problems.

PMID- 3405781
TI  - [Detection of the binding of 131I-meta-iodobenzylguanidine to structures of the
      plasma membranes of neuroblastoma cell lines].
AB  - In vitro studies of tumor tissue have shown that 131I-IBG is specifically bound
      to the plasma membrane-enriched fraction of two neuroblastoma cell lines (NA-2
      and C-1300). NB C-1300 showed a slightly higher binding capacity than NB NA-2. It
      may be inferred from experiments performed with activators of the adrenergic and
      dopaminergic systems that binding of IBG to proteins on the plasma membrane which
      is physiologically important for binding of this guanidine derivative, is
      probable.

PMID- 3405784
TI  - [Levels of estrogen and progestagen receptors in the endometrium and myometrium
      of women during the menstrual cycle].

PMID- 3405783
TI  - [Nuclear estrogen receptors in women with breast cancer].

PMID- 3405785
TI  - [Levels of estrogen and progestagen receptors in uterine myomas in women during
      the menstrual cycle].

PMID- 3405786
TI  - [Morphological structure of uterine myomas and levels of estrogen and progestagen
      receptors].

PMID- 3405787
TI  - [The presence of estrogen receptors in different histological types of uterine
      myomas].

PMID- 3405788
TI  - [Computerized-tomographic diagnosis of soft tissue sarcomas of the
      retroperitoneal space].

PMID- 3405789
TI  - [Superior vena cava syndrome in patients with lung cancer].

PMID- 3405791
TI  - Allergic reactions.

PMID- 3405790
TI  - [Stages of morphological differentiation of breast cancer and levels of estrogen
      and progestagen receptors].

PMID- 3405792
TI  - Houses for nurses.

PMID- 3405793
TI  - Coming down to earth.

PMID- 3405795
TI  - Raising the standards.

PMID- 3405794
TI  - The avocado principle.

PMID- 3405796
TI  - Raising the standards. Visible improvements.

PMID- 3405797
TI  - Recruit and retain. Learner power.

PMID- 3405798
TI  - Making sense of--blood glucose measurement.

PMID- 3405799
TI  - Voluntary organisations. Your health service needs you.

PMID- 3405800
TI  - Staffing for intensive care or therapy.

PMID- 3405802
TI  - Why all the fuss?

PMID- 3405803
TI  - Tissue viability.

PMID- 3405801
TI  - Broadening your horizon.

PMID- 3405804
TI  - Tissue viability. Prevention is cheaper than cure.

PMID- 3405805
TI  - Tissue viability. Measuring the pressure.

PMID- 3405806
TI  - Tissue viability. Antiseptic toxicity in open wounds.

PMID- 3405808
TI  - A child's rights.

PMID- 3405810
TI  - Message in a bottle.

PMID- 3405809
TI  - Glittering prizes?

PMID- 3405807
TI  - Mapping mortality.

PMID- 3405811
TI  - Nurse practitioners. The new pioneers.

PMID- 3405813
TI  - An expert in practice.

PMID- 3405812
TI  - Special cases.

PMID- 3405815
TI  - Recruit and retain. Return to practice.

PMID- 3405814
TI  - Intravenous filters and phlebitis.

PMID- 3405816
TI  - Doing the right thing.

PMID- 3405817
TI  - Nurses no longer required.

PMID- 3405818
TI  - Linking the chain.

PMID- 3405819
TI  - Raising the standards. The right tools for the job.

PMID- 3405820
TI  - Raising the standards. Operation COBRA.

PMID- 3405822
TI  - Quest. NT's educational supplement.

PMID- 3405821
TI  - Widening horizons.

PMID- 3405823
TI  - Quest. A passport to the future.

PMID- 3405824
TI  - Quest. The South Manchester experience.

PMID- 3405826
TI  - 40 years of the NHS. Freedom from fear.

PMID- 3405825
TI  - Quest. Helpful hints.

PMID- 3405827
TI  - Dear John.

PMID- 3405829
TI  - Far to go?

PMID- 3405828
TI  - Cancer and ageing.

PMID- 3405830
TI  - Raising the standards. The West Berkshire approach.

PMID- 3405831
TI  - Raising the standards. Extending awareness.

PMID- 3405832
TI  - Model-making.

PMID- 3405833
TI  - Teratogenesis and drugs for rheumatic disease.

PMID- 3405834
TI  - Nursing a novel idea.

PMID- 3405835
TI  - Recruit and retain. A shoulder to lean on.

PMID- 3405836
TI  - Exorcising the evil air.

PMID- 3405837
TI  - Leading from the front.

PMID- 3405839
TI  - Care or custody?

PMID- 3405838
TI  - After Cleveland.

PMID- 3405840
TI  - P2K or not P2K?

PMID- 3405841
TI  - Sweet Adeline.

PMID- 3405842
TI  - Raising the standards. More tools for the job.

PMID- 3405843
TI  - Raising the standards. Down Dorset way.

PMID- 3405844
TI  - Nothing to fear but fear.

PMID- 3405845
TI  - Not just the patient in bed 3.

PMID- 3405846
TI  - Recruit and retain. Welcome back.

PMID- 3405848
TI  - Bangers and M.A.S.H.

PMID- 3405849
TI  - Mental Handicap Nursing.

PMID- 3405847
TI  - Systems of life. No 162. Senior systems. 27.

PMID- 3405850
TI  - Mental Handicap Nursing. Facing grief.

PMID- 3405851
TI  - Mental Handicap Nursing. Out and about.

PMID- 3405852
TI  - Mental Handicap Nursing. Sticking to the status quo.

PMID- 3405853
TI  - No stranger to disaster.

PMID- 3405854
TI  - When a child dies. Interview by Joanna Lyall.

PMID- 3405855
TI  - More of the same?

PMID- 3405856
TI  - Reapers after repression.

PMID- 3405858
TI  - Conflict of interest.

PMID- 3405857
TI  - You're all right, Jack.

PMID- 3405859
TI  - Recruit and retain. Children's programs.

PMID- 3405860
TI  - Who's afraid of nursing care plans?

PMID- 3405861
TI  - Fit enough for care?

PMID- 3405862
TI  - Singular dads.

PMID- 3405863
TI  - When I was God.

PMID- 3405864
TI  - RCM Supplement.

PMID- 3405865
TI  - RCM Supplement. When is a midwife not a midwife?

PMID- 3405866
TI  - RCM Supplement. Parent education.

PMID- 3405867
TI  - RCM Supplement. An enduring affair. Interview by Laurence Dopson.

PMID- 3405868
TI  - Dietary factors affecting the proliferation of epithelial cells in the mouse
      colon.
AB  - Corn oil (CO), given as a bolus to female C57BL/6J mice, caused a marked increase
      in cell proliferation in the colon; this was assessed with a two-hour colchicine
      arrest for mitotic figures (MF) and with [3H]thymidine incorporation for labeled
      cells (LC) per crypt measured in histological preparations. In contrast, the same
      amount of fat given as a bolus in a high-fat diet mixture failed to increase cell
      proliferation. To determine whether a particular component in the diet was
      responsible for this protective effect, mice were treated with boluses of CO (0.4
      ml) mixed with cellulose (CL), starch (ST), sucrose (SU), casein (CS), vitamin
      mix (VM) or mineral mix (MM). The results indicated that cellulose, starch, and
      minerals reduced the proliferative activity caused by CO (MF/crypt CO = 1.30 +/-
      0.24; CO + CL = 0.55 +/- 0.10, CO + ST = 0.91 +/- 0.23, CO + MM = 0.63 +/- 0.16),
      whereas sucrose, casein, and vitamin mix did not. To test the implications of
      these findings in chronic feeding studies, groups of animals were fed (for 4 wks)
      diets "deficient" in starch and cellulose, calcium, and both the complex
      carbohydrates and calcium. The results showed that both calcium and complex
      carbohydrates affected the proliferation rate significantly (for instance,
      MF/crypt = 1.44 +/- 0.22 for both factors deficient vs. 0.48 +/- 0.05 for both
      factors present). We concluded that starch, cellulose, and calcium are protective
      for the toxic effect of CO on the mouse colon.

PMID- 3405869
TI  - The relationship between dietary fat, adipose tissue composition, and neoplasms
      of the breast.
AB  - Dietary fat has been implicated in the development of carcinoma of the breast.
      Because of the difficulties in obtaining accurate dietary histories, we analyzed
      subcutaneous adipose fatty acids to compare the quality of fat intake in three
      groups of patients undergoing investigations for breast masses. These included
      carcinoma (n = 37, avg. age 54 yrs.), fibroadenoma (n = 27, age 31 yrs.), and
      other types (n = 21, age 50 yrs.). Subjects in the carcinoma group were heavier,
      although they were not obese. A one-way analysis of variance of nine adipose
      fatty acids and their derived ratios [polysaturates:saturates (P:S)] did not show
      any systematic differences in the three groups. The quality of dietary fat does
      not appear to be associated with the development of neoplasia of the breast in
      this population, which consumes a diet of a high P:S ratio.

PMID- 3405870
TI  - Colorectal cancer and the consumption of foods: a case-control study in Belgium.
AB  - A case-control study on 453 cases with colon cancer, 365 with rectal cancer, and
      2,851 population controls was carried out in two Belgian provinces known to
      differ in certain dietary habits, particularly with regard to the use of butter.
      All raw vegetables had a clear protective effect for both colon and rectal
      cancer; bread was also protective for colon cancer. Starchy foods and foods rich
      in oligosaccharides (sugar) caused an increased risk for both colon and rectal
      cancer. No other foods were found to have a systematic effect in both sexes and
      in both provinces, either in one direction or in the other, except for maize,
      soybean, and sunflower oils, which were clearly protective in all cases. Among
      the foods contributing to the intake of fats, there was no effect either for
      butter, margarine, or fatty meats; the only clear-cut protective effect was that
      of the oils having a high polyunsaturated-to-saturated ratio. These findings are
      consistent with our previous findings on the role nutrients play in the
      relationship with colon and rectal cancers.

PMID- 3405872
TI  - [Disorders of the mechanisms of nonspecific immunity in patients with diabetes
      mellitus].

PMID- 3405871
TI  - [Changes in serum immunoglobulin levels in patients with chronic bronchitis
      exposed to nitrous oxide].

PMID- 3405874
TI  - [Urinary tract infections in patients with diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 3405873
TI  - [Effect of environmental conditions on diabetes mellitus risk for the population
      of an highly industrialized region].

PMID- 3405875
TI  - [Evaluation of oxalate-induced segmentation of the nuclei of lymphocytes in
      patients with diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 3405876
TI  - [Iatrogenic situations in current medicine].

PMID- 3405877
TI  - [Kidney damage in treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents].

PMID- 3405878
TI  - [Isolated ultrafiltration and subsequent dialysis in overhydrated patients with
      chronic renal failure and hypertension].

PMID- 3405879
TI  - [Value of large doses of calcium carbonate for the control of serum level of
      phosphorus in children with terminal renal failure].

PMID- 3405880
TI  - [Surgical treatment of hydronephrosis of the pelvic kidney caused by
      pyeloureteral stenosis].

PMID- 3405881
TI  - [Clinical course and treatment of mycosis fungoides].

PMID- 3405882
TI  - [Monitoring of treatment with digitalis glycosides].

PMID- 3405883
TI  - [Prognostic significance of primary ventricular fibrillation in the hospital
      phase of acute myocardial infarction].

PMID- 3405884
TI  - [Value of propranolol and atropine dosage for the evaluation of sinoatrial node
      function in the rapid atrial stimulation test].

PMID- 3405885
TI  - [The effect of serum potassium level at the time of hospitalization on the
      development of ventricular arrhythmias in the acute phase of myocardial
      infarction].

PMID- 3405886
TI  - [Transmembrane sodium outflow rate and levels of sodium, potassium, calcium and
      magnesium in the lymphocytes of patients with myocardial infarction].

PMID- 3405887
TI  - [The value of determining digoxin levels in relation to the time of blood sample
      collection for the monitoring of the treatment].

PMID- 3405889
TI  - [Blood pressure determination using the "Astropulse 77" digital electronic
      monitor].

PMID- 3405888
TI  - [Familial ventricular septal defect].

PMID- 3405890
TI  - [Glucosephosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in erythrocytes and leukocytes of
      patients with congenital nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia and favism].

PMID- 3405891
TI  - [Ferritin in the serum of patients with Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's
      lymphoma, multiple myeloma and polycythemia vera].

PMID- 3405892
TI  - [Immunoglobulins in the treatment of infections in children with neoplastic
      diseases of the hematopoietic system].

PMID- 3405893
TI  - [A micromethod of analysis of adenine nucleotides in human blood platelets].

PMID- 3405894
TI  - [Effect of ethyl alcohol on the neutrophil system].

PMID- 3405895
TI  - [Psychophysical studies of the olfactory system in alcoholism].

PMID- 3405896
TI  - [Effect of a single dose of ethyl alcohol (C2H5OH) on subjective symptoms and
      adaptation to exertion in patients with coronary disease].

PMID- 3405897
TI  - [Metabolism and the effect of disulfiram].

PMID- 3405898
TI  - [Successful complication-free treatment of 3 cases of long-term hypothermia].

PMID- 3405899
TI  - [Primary arterial hypertension in the elderly].

PMID- 3405900
TI  - [Effect of noradrenaline on the rate of sodium outflow through granulocyte cell
      membranes and the sodium level in the granulocytes of healthy persons].

PMID- 3405902
TI  - [Hypercalcemic crisis: diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties].

PMID- 3405901
TI  - [Preliminary studies on catecholamine excretion in women with hypothyroidism and
      arterial hypertension].

PMID- 3405903
TI  - Three dimensional imaging techniques for the reconstruction of a complex hip
      problem. A case report.
AB  - This report illustrates the use of three-dimensional imaging techniques to solve
      a difficult reconstruction problem of the hip. Custom prosthetic components
      manufactured by a computer-assisted design process are used in this procedure.

PMID- 3405904
TI  - Double contrast arthrography of the knee. A comparison to clinical diagnosis and
      arthroscopic findings.
AB  - The accuracy of pre-arthroscopic double contrast arthrography was evaluated in
      100 consecutive patients. Meniscal tears were correctly diagnosed
      arthrographically in 76% of cases, and clinically in 85% of cases. Although
      reasonably accurate in determining the location of the meniscal tear,
      arthrography was significantly inaccurate in the evaluation of the type of tear.
      The status of the anterior cruciate ligament was correctly interpreted by
      arthrogram in 76% of cases; the integrity of the ligament was correctly assessed
      in 94% of cases by clinical examination without anesthesia. It appears,
      therefore, when compared to initial clinical examination, double contrast
      arthrography is of limited usefulness as a pre-surgical aid to the diagnosis of
      intra-articular knee pathology.

PMID- 3405905
TI  - Early post-surgical prosthetic limb fitting in dysvascular below-knee amputees
      with a pre-fabricated temporary limb.
AB  - Two consecutive series of patients undergoing below-knee amputation for
      peripheral vascular insufficiency were compared relative to the length of acute
      care hospitalization and rehabilitation. The residual limb control group was
      treated with soft-surgical dressings and non-weight bearing ambulation with
      referral to the amputee clinic when the residual limb wound was "ready." The
      residual limb experimental group was treated with rigid plaster (cast) dressings
      with early post-surgical prosthetic limb fitting and progressive weight bearing
      ambulation. Acute-care hospitalization following amputation surgery averaged 27.7
      days in the control group, and 23.7 days in the treated group. Patients were
      either re-admitted or transferred to a rehabilitation unit where hospitalization
      averaged 42.9 days in the control group and 14.1 days in the treated group. This
      resulted in a cost savings of almost $15,000 per patient based on present
      hospital fees. The results of this study suggest that early post-surgical
      prosthetic limb fitting not only hastens recovery amputation, but can be safe and
      cost effective.

PMID- 3405906
TI  - Mechanical performance of the standard Orthofix external fixator.
AB  - Static and fatigue tests of the standard Orthofix unilateral external fixator
      (Orthofix SRL, Verona, Italy) were performed. Under similar fixation
      configurations, the Orthofix device offered higher bending stiffness in both
      directions, equal torsional stiffness, and lower axial stiffness when compared to
      the Hoffmann-Vidal quadrilateral frame with full pins. The bending resistance of
      the Orthofix ball joint was found to be proportional to its locking cam
      tightening torque. After applying 2 million loading cycles to the bone ends fixed
      by the device, the overall stiffness characteristics of the frame did not change
      significantly. Repetitive manual tightening and loosening of the ball joint
      caused abrasive wear on the cam and bushing surfaces. The locking position of the
      cam migrated for a mean of 45 degrees. After 50 cycles of tightening and bending
      to failure, the ball joint locking strength was reduced by 20% to 25%, but the
      stiffness did not change. Wear and stripping of the seat of the fixator body
      locking screw and the pin fixation screw threads were also noted. Based on the
      test results, the standard Orthofix device could be re-used, but certain fixator
      components must be inspected and replaced. The ball joint locking cam and
      fixation screws required periodic tightening during clinical application to
      prevent loss of frame stiffness under repetitive loading. Modifications of the
      fixator design are recommended to improve its mechanical performance.

PMID- 3405908
TI  - Skeletal fluorosis. A report of two cases.
AB  - Two illustrative cases of patients with skeletal fluorosis and classic
      radiographic changes are presented. One patient demonstrated a progressive
      paraparesis, while the other was diagnosed incidentally on routine radiographs. A
      review of the literature, treatment, and histologic findings are presented.

PMID- 3405909
TI  - Treatment of congenital clubfoot by early operation.

PMID- 3405907
TI  - Infraclavicular median nerve compression caused by a lipoma.
AB  - The most common site of median nerve compression is in the carpal tunnel, the
      most common of all entrapment neuropathies. Less frequent entrapment neuropathies
      of the median nerve include the anterior interosseous and pronator syndromes in
      the proximal forearm. Even less commonly seen is entrapment at the
      infraclavicular segment of the brachial plexus. Median nerve compression at the
      level of the axilla has been reported as being caused by anomalous axillary arch
      muscles, anomalous vascular perforations of the nerve or its roots, the
      pectoralis minor muscle, and a thickening of the deltopectoral fascia. To the
      authors' knowledge, this is the first report of compression at that level by a
      benign tumor.

PMID- 3405910
TI  - Closed removal of protruding medullary screws to allow intramedullary fixation.

PMID- 3405912
TI  - Genetics of the black-tailed red plumage pattern in Villafranquina chickens.
AB  - Data are presented on the genetics of the plumage color of the Villafranquina, a
      breed of Spanish chicken representing a black-tailed red type of the columbian
      restriction pattern. Crosses between Villafranquina females, which show a large
      amount of secondary pattern, and Brown and Buttercup tester males suggested that
      this breed carries the brown allele (eb) at the E-locus. This allele is modified
      by the dark-brown columbian-like gene (Db), resulting in the plumage pattern
      characteristic of the breed. The degree of expression of Db varies markedly
      depending on other key genes present. This gene acted as an incomplete dominant
      when crossed to brown (eb) and buttercup (ebc) tester lines. However, in the
      presence of the birchen (ER) gene, Db was recessive in females but dominant in
      males, suggesting sex-influenced inheritance. Silver (S) does not alter the brown
      down of Db-modified ER, although it does express itself readily on a brown (eb)
      background. Variability in the expression of Db in both F1 and F2 populations
      suggests that it sometimes interacts with not yet identified modifying genes.

PMID- 3405911
TI  - Salter-Harris II fracture of the metacarpal neck.

PMID- 3405913
TI  - Comparison of pedigreed and nonpedigreed randombred control systems for use with
      artificial selection in the Japanese quail.
AB  - The performance characteristics of six replicate sublines of a randombred
      control, three pedigreed (P) and three nonpedigreed (NP), were studied to see if
      the NP mating system could be used as a method for maintaining a randombred
      control for selection experiments. Each subline was maintained with 32 single
      pair matings, with 64 offspring placed each generation for each line. Brother X
      sister matings were avoided in the P but not in the NP system. The NP chicks were
      pedigreed in order to determine the exact numbers of brother X sister matings
      selected in that system, but pedigrees were not considered during selection.
      Records were collected on the numbers of matings producing offspring, the
      expected rate of inbreeding based on the effective population size, hatchability,
      egg production, egg weight, and the body weights of the males and females.
      Replicate lines in the P system had more matings that produced viable offspring,
      which resulted in larger effective population sizes, lower rates of inbreeding,
      and smaller average family sizes than those in the NP system. A number of
      significant differences were found between means of the replicate lines within
      system and between regressions of the traits measured in the individual lines on
      generation number. Most of these differences disappeared when the data from the
      three replicates within mating system were pooled and compared, suggesting that
      differences found between lines within system were due to random genetic drift
      due to restrictions in population size. It is suggested that the NP system can be
      used as an effective control procedure for Japanese quail breeding experiments,
      but that more than 32 mating pairs should be used for its maintenance in order to
      reduce the amount of genetic drift within the control population.

PMID- 3405914
TI  - Inbred crosses and inherited muscular dystrophy of the chicken.
AB  - Inbred normal and genetically dystrophic chickens of New Hampshire and White
      Leghorn backgrounds, respectively, have been crossed to yield hybrids of normal
      and dystrophic genotypes in order to provide genetically homogeneous but
      heterozygous experimental animals. This study examined carcass and pectoral
      muscle weights, pectoral muscle fiber diameters, serum creatine kinase (CK)
      levels, muscle acetylcholinesterase (AChE), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), and
      creatine kinase, and response to daily injections of corticosterone-21-acetate
      (C21A) of these hybrid chickens and their inbred parental lines. With the
      exception of pectoral muscle weight, dystrophic hybrids exhibited symptoms of
      dystrophy: high serum CK and high muscle AChE and low LDH levels. The results
      support the hypothesis that neither early muscle fiber hypertrophy nor atrophy is
      invariably associated with expression of the dystrophic gene; both are the result
      of secondary gene interactions. One experiment showed that muscle AChE levels
      decreased and LDH levels rose after C21A treatments.

PMID- 3405915
TI  - Weight gain of summer-reared egg-type pullets fed pellets versus mash.
AB  - In an attempt to increase weight gain of egg-type pullets reared under high
      summer temperatures, pullets were fed feed in either pellet or mash form. Under
      high temperature rearing conditions, pelleting the diet did not significantly
      increase 12 to 20-wk body weight gain when compared to effects of the diet fed in
      mash form. Under a moderate temperature regimen (21 C), pelleting the diet did
      significantly increase 12 to 20-wk body weight gain in contrast to the effects of
      the diet fed in mash form.

PMID- 3405916
TI  - Cyclic watering of broiler cockerels.
AB  - Two trials were designed to compare the performance of broilers receiving free
      access to water with those receiving cyclic access to water. Birds that received
      water in cyclic pattern were presented water by the activation of waterers for 15
      min in each 3-h cycle (Trial 1) or 30 min in each 4-h cycle (Trial 2). In each
      trial, the control group received water ad libitum. Feed and water consumption
      and body weight were reduced in the cyclic-watered birds after 21 days of age in
      Trial 1 and were not different in the cyclic-watered birds in Trial 2 when
      compared with values for controls. Water:feed ratio and feed conversion values of
      the cyclic-watered birds were not altered by the cyclic watering regimens used in
      Trials 1 and 2. Observations of drinking patterns in Trial 2 demonstrate that the
      cyclic presentation of water can induce meal-drinking in cyclic-watered birds,
      but the feeding pattern of these birds was not altered. These data demonstrate
      that alteration of drinking activity can be accomplished without affecting growth
      and feed efficiency, and that altered drinking activity does not necessarily
      alter feeding activity.

PMID- 3405917
TI  - Early feed restriction in chicks: effect of age, duration, and sex.
AB  - Several regimens of feed restriction, calculated to support the maintenance of
      body weight without any allowance for growth, were applied beginning at the ages
      of 3 to 11 days for periods of 3 to 7 days using male and female broilers. In
      males, the 7-day feed restriction treatment resulted in improved feed efficiency
      on an age basis, or on a body weight basis after body weight had reached .7 to 1
      kg. Feed restriction also resulted in a reduction in the amount of abdominal fat
      at the age of 54 to 59 days without any concomitant reduction in body weight.
      Within the range tested, 3 to 11 days of age, the initiation of the 7-day
      restriction treatment did not affect response. Similar responses were obtained in
      females, but with little benefit in feed efficiency when compared with ad libitum
      fed birds on a body-weight basis. Also in females, reduction in 56-day body
      weight and loss of benefits derived from improved feed efficiency and reduced
      carcass fat could be avoided if the period of restriction was kept at 3 to 5
      days.

PMID- 3405918
TI  - Significance of growing photoperiod and light stimulation at various ages for
      Leghorn pullets subjected to regular or ahemeral photoperiods.
AB  - Leghorn pullets were cage reared to 15 or 19 wk of age in environmentally
      controlled rooms that provided either 8 h or 14 h of light per day. In Experiment
      1, birds were moved to laying cages at 15 wk of age and subjected to either 14 h
      light (L): 10 h (D) dark or ahemeral 14L:14D photoperiods. Feed intake, egg
      weight, shell quality, and egg production were monitored to 67 wk of age. In
      Experiment 2, pullets were moved at 19 wk of age and subjected to 14L:10D or
      17L:7D light programs. Production parameters were measured as previously
      described. No significant (P greater than 0.5) interactions were observed between
      rearing and laying photoperiods, suggesting that increase in the length of
      photoperiod around time of maturity is not essential for adequate performance. In
      Experiment 1, ahemeral lighting resulting in reduced egg production, whereas egg
      shell quality and egg weight were improved (P less than .05). In both
      experiments, the 14-h rearing program resulted in improved egg size together with
      improved eggshell quality (P less than .05). Whereas increased egg size may
      relate to body weight, no explanation is apparent for the consistent pattern with
      respect to shell quality. In Experiment 2, poorer shell quality was observed with
      17 vs. 14 h light per day. It is concluded that light stimulation at maturity has
      little effect on overall egg production. Improved shell quality observed with
      birds reared under 14 h light vs. those reared under 8 h per day may relate to a
      less rapid attainment of peak egg production.

PMID- 3405919
TI  - Population size, cage area, and dominance rank effects on productivity and well
      being of laying hens.
AB  - The effect of two cage population sizes (four vs. six/cage) and two cage area
      treatments (316 cm2 vs. 406 cm2/bird) were compared in a nonconfounded design
      while maintaining feeder space constant (8.9 cm/bird) for egg production
      performances and behavioral and physiological indicators of well-being of laying
      hens. Egg production rates were determined for all members of each cage group
      (palpations at 48 to 50 wk) and on a cage group basis (20 to 60 wk). Heart
      weights, plasma corticosterone levels, durations of tonic immobility (TI), and
      plumage conditions were compared for top and bottom birds in the dominance ranks.
      Significant reductions in egg production were observed for low ranking hens in
      the high density (4 and 6/316-cm2) treatments. In addition, high ranking hens of
      the 6/316-cm2 treatment produced fewer eggs than high ranking hens in the 4/316
      cm2 treatment. When high and low ranking individuals were housed in single-hen
      cages, egg production was improved relative to performances in the social
      environments. Heart weights of hens, as a percentage of body weight, were
      increased in the low ranking hens and for hens in the smaller cage size. Plasma
      corticosterone did not prove to be a useful indicator of well-being. Low ranking
      individuals had greater durations of TI but differences in feather condition were
      not detected. The results support the contention that appropriate population
      sizes and cage space allocations can be determined that will optimize the
      performance and welfare of layers in cage environments.

PMID- 3405920
TI  - Response of growing turkeys to dietary fat.
AB  - Growth, feed efficiency, and carcass fat were evaluated in turkeys fed diets in
      which added fat varied, holding energy or the calories:protein ratio constant. In
      the 1 to 3-wk-old turkey, growth and feed efficiency increased with dietary
      energy, but did not change significantly when fat was added isocalorically. The
      12 to 14-wk-old turkey responded with improved growth and feed efficiency when
      dietary fat was added either isocalorically or with increasing energy density.
      However, the response to the isocaloric fat addition was smaller in magnitude
      than the response when fat was added without calorie adjustment. No difference
      could be detected in 12 to 15-wk-old turkeys in the performance response to
      tallow and soybean oil. Carcass fat deposition generally increased with dietary
      fat supplementation, regardless of the caloric change. The results suggest that
      in the midterm of development of the growing turkey, dietary fat per se affects
      growth, feed efficiency, and carcass fat. Growth and feed efficiency responses to
      nutrient density occur in both young and older birds.

PMID- 3405922
TI  - Influence of dietary calcium on phosphorus absorption and excretion and on
      phosphorus-33 distribution in laying hens.
AB  - An experiment was conducted using isotope-dilution and comparative balance
      techniques to estimate urinary and fecal P excretion of laying hens fed different
      levels of dietary Ca. Two levels of dietary Ca (3.46 and 4.2%) were fed to eight
      hens for 30 days. After 30 days, 50 microCi of the radioisotope 33P was injected
      intramuscularly to label endogenous P. On the 2nd day after 33P dosing and at 1 h
      postoviposition, plasma, liver, kidney, femur bone, whole egg, ileum, ileal
      digesta, and excreta samples were collected from each hen. Results showed a
      favorable effect of increasing dietary Ca consumption (2.91 vs 3.57 g/hen per
      day): femur ash increased (P less than .08), excreta P decreased (P less than
      .03), and urinary P decreased (P less than .06). The P content of ileal digesta
      was not affected by dietary Ca intake, but excreta P was greater for hens
      consuming less Ca, indicating that, during the collection period, excretion of P
      in urine was increased by the low Ca diet. Endogenous P secretions constituted
      less than 1% of the P in ileal digesta and excreta samples and this proportion
      was not changed by dietary Ca consumed.

PMID- 3405921
TI  - Improved growth in the progeny of hens immunized with jackbean urease.
AB  - Three experiments were conducted with Single Comb White Leghorn and broiler
      breeder hens. Half of the experimental hens were injected with jackbean urease
      enzyme and the other half served as uninjected or adjuvant-injected controls.
      Chicks hatched from urease-injected or control hens were placed factorially (2 x
      2) on diets with or without antibiotics. Urease injection of hens resulted in
      significant improvements in percent fertility and hatch compared with values for
      control hens. Depending on age, both urease injection and antibiotic feeding
      stimulated chick growth, independently of one another. Additive effects of these
      treatments resulted in significant improvements in body weight of chicks injected
      with urease and consuming antibiotics at all time periods compared with body
      weights of untreated controls.

PMID- 3405924
TI  - Effect of energy on the performance of broiler chicks fed various levels of
      monensin.
AB  - A total of 768 female broiler chicks in two experiments was fed diets containing
      0, 100, or 120 mg monensin/kg of diet with and without added animal fat, in a 2 X
      3 factorial design. Chicks were grown in electrically heated battery brooders and
      supplied feed and water ad libitum for 21 days. Animal fat fed at 6.8% of the
      diet consistently improved body weight, daily feed intake, and feed conversion
      regardless of monensin level. Monensin at 100 and 120 mg/kg of diet, in general,
      decreased these performance criteria progressively. Daily monensin intake was
      related to the concentration of monensin in the diet. Intake per unit of body
      weight was increased by reducing fat or increasing monensin.

PMID- 3405923
TI  - Use of sunflower seeds in grower diets for pullets and subsequent performance as
      affected by aureomycin and pelleting.
AB  - In two experiments the effects of unhulled sunflower seeds (USFS) were evaluated
      at levels of 19 and 38% in corn-based diets for pullets between 10 and 19 wk of
      age. As an additional treatment a .09%-lysine monohydrochloride supplement was
      added to the 38% USFS-containing diet in Experiment 2. Isonitrogenous grower
      diets made up of corn and soybean meal or largely oats served as control diets.
      During the productive phase, layers were fed a high oats diet as mash (both
      experiments) or in pelleted form (Experiment 2). One half of the hens in each
      study were fed layer diets containing Aureomycin at 100 g per ton for 1 wk during
      each 28-day period to monitor the effect on egg production. Treatments during the
      laying phase were superimposed on the previous growing phase treatments. Pullets
      fed the 38% USFS diet in Experiment 1 were significantly lighter (P less than
      .01) at 19 wk of age and reached 50% egg production 2 days later than those on
      the control corn-soy diet. However, subsequent overall laying performance for 14
      28-day periods was not significantly affected by the growing treatments. Neither
      growth nor laying performance was influenced by the treatments imposed during the
      rearing period of the second experiment. The two supplies of USFS varied
      considerably in crude fiber (14.6 vs 25.8%) and ether extract components (42.4
      vs. 29.0%, respectively). The discrepancy in growth response to USFS of the two
      experiments was possibly related to the difference in the ether extract portions
      of the oil seeds. Egg production rate was significantly increased by Aureomycin
      only when the diet was pelleted.

PMID- 3405926
TI  - Posthatch ontogeny and sex-related differences in somatotroph numbers in the
      chicken adenohypophysis.
AB  - Adenohypophyseal total cell and somatotroph numbers were determined in male and
      female chicks over the early (12 wk) growth period. In a first experiment,
      adenohypophyses from male and female broiler-strain (Hubbard x Hubbard) chicks
      were harvested at 2 wk intervals from 2 to 12 wk of age. Glands were
      enzymatically dispersed to yield uniform cell suspensions that were fixed and
      stained (Herlant's Tetrachrome system) to distinguish somatotrophs. Percentages
      of somatotrophs in the total adenohypophyseal cell population were similar for
      both sexes (P greater than .05) and declined with age (P less than .01) from a
      high of 16.8 +/- .79% (least squares mean +/- SEM) at 2 wk to 6.3 +/- .88% at 12
      wk. From 2 to 6 wk of age, total adenohypophyseal cell numbers increased over two
      fold (P less than .01) but sexes did not differ significantly. From 8 to 12 wk of
      age, however, total cell numbers reached a plateau and were higher in males than
      females (P less than .01). Similarly, the absolute numbers of somatotrophs per
      adenohypophysis increased from 2 to 6 wk of age, where it reached a plateau.
      Somatotroph numbers in males were twice those in females over the 8 to 12-wk
      growth period. In a second experiment, the percentages of somatotrophs in the
      total adenohypophyseal cell population from males of a slower growing, layer-type
      breed (White Leghorn) were compared to those of Hubbard males at 4, 8, and 12 wk
      of age. Leghorn males were higher than Hubbard males over all ages in percentages
      of somatotrophs (14.9 +/- .87% vs. 10.8 +/- .71%; P less than .01), however, the
      absolute numbers of somatotrophs per pituitary of the two breeds did not differ.

PMID- 3405925
TI  - Reproductive performance of hens fed field beans and potential relationships to
      vicine metabolism.
AB  - Field beans (faba beans, broad beans, horse beans, ackerbohnen, Vicia faba L.)
      depress weight of eggs when fed to laying hens. Vicine isolated from field beans
      has been shown to depress egg weight and hatchability when fed in large amounts.
      The present study was undertaken to determine the effect of using three varieties
      of field beans, varying in tannin and total vicines content, at 20% in breeder
      diets on reproductive performance of hens and associated vicine transfer from the
      diet to the egg. Data on egg production, feed consumption, egg weight, body
      weight, egg quality, hatchability, and hen blood chemistry were obtained. Direct
      spectrophotometric and high pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analyses of
      field beans, egg albumen, and egg yolk were conducted. Performance of the hens
      was excellent on all production characteristics except that there was a
      nonsignificant reduction in egg weight, a significant reduction in egg shell
      thickness for hens fed all three types of field beans, and a highly significant
      reduction in hatchability of eggs from hens fed one but not the other two sources
      of field beans. The hatchability effect was not correlated with vicine or tannin
      content of the field beans and only traces of vicine were transferred to the egg
      by the hen from the diet. Although larger amounts of vicine depressed
      hatchability when injected into fertile eggs, the trace amounts found in eggs
      from feeding field beans did not account for the reduction in hatchability
      observed in this study. It is possible that the hydrolysis product of vicine,
      divicine or the analogous product from convicine, isouramil, or both, may be
      involved in toxicity, because these substances are known to be the cause of a
      hemolytic anemia in some humans that suffer from favism due to consumption of
      field beans.

PMID- 3405927
TI  - Subcutaneous glucose is more advantageous in establishing the posthatch poult
      than oral administration.
AB  - Poults have been shown to have low carbohydrate reserve after hatching, and
      glucose at this time improves early performance. Present experimentation examined
      the effects of .5 mL of 50% glucose in saline 2 h after subcutaneous injection
      (s.c.) at the base of the head or given as an oral gavage. Timing of
      administration and slaughter corresponded to when poults would encounter
      antibiotic-vitamin injection at the hatchery and the subsequent stress of
      transportation. Live weight after treatments was greater for poults given s.c.
      glucose than those untreated, whereas oral dosing led to a loss in weight. This
      weight loss could be wholly attributed to decreased carcass moisture. The s.c.
      glucose increased yolk sac resorption, and s.c. and oral glucose improved
      accretion of crude protein and ether extract by the yolk sac and liver-free
      carcass. Liver glycogen and blood glucose increased to a greater extent from s.c.
      than from oral glucose. Loss of body water after oral glucose and the poults'
      reduced efficacy in improving carbohydrate status might be attributed to an
      immature intestine.

PMID- 3405928
TI  - Effects of repeated intra-abdominal injections of sterigmatocystin on relative
      organ weights, concentration of serum and liver constituents, and histopathology
      of certain organs of the chick.
AB  - The objectives of the study were to establish the effects of five successive
      intra-abdominal injections of sterigmatocystin (STG), administered at 11, 13, 15,
      17, and 19 days of age, on the growth pattern of chicks and their organs, and on
      the concentration of certain blood and liver constituents. The STG, when
      administered at dosages of .5 and .7 mg per injection, markedly reduced chick
      growth and affected organ weights. In general, there was an increase in the
      relative size of the crop, proventriculus, gizzard, large intestine, kidney and
      pancreas and a decrease in relative size of the bursa of Fabricius. Liver, heart,
      and spleen size was not affected. Peritonitis was observed in chicks given the
      high dosage STG. The STG elevated the activity of serum aspartate
      aminotransferase and the number of circulating granulocytes and depressed
      concentrations of total serum proteins, albumin, potassium, and the total number
      of circulating white blood cells and granulocytes. The STG treatment decreased
      the concentration of dry matter, DNA, RNA, and protein in the liver, affected
      glycogen concentration differentially, and had no effect on lipid concentration.
      Liver and kidneys also showed degenerative changes as detected
      histopathologically. The results of these studies suggest that STG affects
      several tissues including the digestive system, liver, kidney, pancreas, and the
      immunological system.

PMID- 3405929
TI  - Divergent selection for growth in Japanese quail under split and complete
      nutritional environments. 1. Genetic and correlated responses to selection.
AB  - Japanese quail were divergently selected for 4-wk body weight under two different
      nutritional environments. In one environment quail were divergently selected for
      high and low body weight (H and L) under a split diet (SD) with quail having the
      opportunity to self-select feed from high protein and high energy diets. In the
      other environment, quail were similarly selected (H and L) under a normal (28%
      protein) complete diet (CD). After 11 generations of selection, H-SD and H-CD
      lines were 48.9 and 49.7% higher in 4-wk body weight than controls. Quail from L
      SD and L-CD lines were 46.5 and 45.4% lower in 4-wk body weight than controls.
      Realized heritabilities for 4-wk body weight were .36 +/- .03, .30 +/- .03, .52
      +/- .02, and .47 +/- .03 for H-SD, L-SD, H-CD, and L-CD lines, respectively.
      Selection differentials were significantly higher in the SD than in the CD
      environment. Changes in 2-wk, adult body, and egg weight across generations
      paralleled that of the trait under selection (4-wk body weight). Selection also
      resulted in decreased hatchability and egg production with increased age to
      sexual maturity in both environments. The SD environment was determined to be a
      stress environment because of birds' inferior growth there compared with growth
      in the CD environment. Rate of growth, however, to reach adult body size was
      superior for L-SD quail once the stress environment was removed. There was also
      evidence that eggs were larger for quail in the SD than the CD environment.

PMID- 3405930
TI  - Relationship of time of feeding and strain to egg shell quality and hatchability
      in broiler breeders.
AB  - The relationship of feeding time to egg production, egg weight, egg shell
      quality, fertility, and hatchability was examined in two trials. Slow and fast
      feathering strain Hubbard females were used in Trial 1 and slow-feathering strain
      Arbor Acres females were used in Trial 2. Feeding times of 0800 or 1300 h
      throughout the laying periods were compared. Slow feathering females in Trial 1
      exhibited significantly increased egg weight and significantly decreased
      percentage shell when compared with fast-feathering females. Feeding at 1300 h
      increased significantly egg specific gravity, egg shell weight, and percentage
      shell in Trials 1 and 2. Significant interactions of feeding time and strain
      occurred in Trial 1 with respect to fertility and hatch of all eggs set. Feeding
      at 1300 h increased fertility and hatch of all eggs set in fast-feathering hens
      but the opposite occurred in slow-feathering hens in Trials 1 and 2. Within slow
      feathering hens, hatch of fertile eggs was decreased by 1.7% (Trial 1) and 1.5%
      (Trial 2). The results show that afternoon feeding that provides calcium intake
      near the time of egg shell calcification decreased significantly hatchability in
      eggs from two slow-feathering strains of females but not in eggs from a fast
      feathering strain. These results suggest that altering time of feed intake can
      decrease hatchability.

PMID- 3405931
TI  - Influence of source and physical form of xanthophyll pigment on broiler
      pigmentation and performance.
AB  - Two experiments were conducted using 21-day-old, commercial-strain broilers to
      determine the effect of various commercial pigmentation products on pigmentation
      and bird performance. Birds received finisher/withdrawal diets that included 8%
      corn gluten meal or either a 2.5 or 5.0% substitution of gluten meal with Liquid
      OroGlo5, Dry Oroglo10, or Cromophyl-oro. When birds were slaughtered at either 48
      or 51 days of age there were no differences in the birds' breast skin hue
      (dominant wavelength) or brightness (luminosity). Data indicated similar levels
      of pigmentation among birds in all treatments. Color intensity (excitation
      purity) values of shank and breast skin samples suggested that the liquid form of
      OroGlo was more effective than the dry form in pigmenting broiler skin when both
      forms were fed at equal calculated levels. Data indicated that actual xanthophyll
      intake was higher when the liquid source was fed. Body weight gain and feed
      efficiency among the treatments, in general, indicated that commercial pigment
      sources can be substituted for corn gluten meal without appreciably altering
      broiler performance.

PMID- 3405932
TI  - Correlation of estimated and actual northern fowl mite populations with the
      evolution of specific antibody to a low molecular weight polypeptide in the sera
      of infested hens.
AB  - In order to demonstrate the population dynamics of the northern fowl mite (NFM),
      Ornithonyssus sylviarum (Canestrini and Fanzago), and to characterize the
      chicken's immune response to the mites, White Leghorn hens were infested with
      mites. Visual estimates revealed populations peaked on Wk 5, 4, and 3 after being
      infested with 10, 50, or about 2,000 mites, respectively. Individual feathers
      pulled from the vent area of hens 4 wk (28 days) after the hens were infested
      with either 10 or 50 mites had means of 7,513 and 7,009 mites, respectively.
      Estimated mean total populations of NFM on these same hens were 182,000 and
      258,000, respectively. In two replications, actual counts of viable NFM following
      infestation with 50 mites increased ca. 10-fold by the 2nd wk after infestations
      were established in the feathers and then another two-fold during the 3rd wk.
      Populations in the 4th wk were about one-third of levels observed during the 3rd
      wk and continued to decline rapidly. Western blot analyses demonstrated the
      appearance of a mite-specific antibody in sera of White Leghorn hens that was
      approximately proportional in time of appearance and intensity to estimated NFM
      populations. Detection of mite-specific antibodies in the hens' sera continued
      through 12 wk of the study even though mite populations declined after 3 to 6 wk.
      The rapid increase and then decline of NFM following infestation in previously
      uninfested chickens and the fact that the immune response persisted strongly
      suggests that the population decline was due to an immune response. Therefore
      control of the mite population by a vaccine may be possible.

PMID- 3405933
TI  - Age-constant versus weight-constant feed consumption and efficiency in broiler
      chickens.
AB  - Weekly body weights, feed consumption (FC), and feed efficiencies (FE =
      gain:feed) of 148 male and 125 female broilers were measured individually between
      2 and 7 wk of age. Multiple regression analyses of these traits were performed to
      examine the influence of body weight, weight gain or feed consumption, age, and
      individual broiler differences. Four different measures of FC and FE from 4 to 6
      wk of age were compared within sex: age-constant FC and FE; weight-constant FC
      and FE; age-constant-weight-corrected FC and FE; and weight-corrected FC and FE,
      which estimate weight-constant measures. Much of the variation (85 to 90%) among
      broilers in FC and FE was due to age and body weight differences. Partial
      regression coefficients indicated that increased body weight at commencement of
      testing was associated with increased FC and reduced weight gain and FE.
      Correlations between age-constant and weight-constant FC were zero. This
      indicates the two forms have little in common. Correlations of body weights and
      weight gain with FC were negative (-.5 to -.8) for weight-constant values but
      positive (.5 to .8) for age-constant values. Hence, correlations of the correct
      (weight-constant) measure of FC with body weights indicate that faster growth
      gives rise to lower broiler feed consumption. Age-constant and weight-constant FE
      values were positively correlated (.8 to .9); however, the latter values had
      larger correlations with body weights and weight gain. These results emphasize
      the need to correct age-constant FC and FE for body weight differences in order
      to evaluate differences in efficiency among broilers more accurately.

PMID- 3405934
TI  - Growth performance and carcass composition of turkey hens fed corn gluten feed.
AB  - Female poults were fed diets containing 0, 10, or 20% corn gluten feed (CGF) from
      0 to 16 wk of age or no CGF from 0 to 9 wk and 20% CGF from 9 to 16 wk of age.
      All diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isocaloric, within each age
      interval. Diets containing CGF had no significant effect on body weight gain,
      feed efficiency, yield of carcass parts, or carcass composition, as compared with
      effects of feeding a corn-soybean meal control diet. However, age of slaughter,
      14 vs. 16 wk, had a significant effect on the proportion of breast meat, breast
      bone, thigh skin, thigh bone, and drums. Carcasses were significantly higher in
      protein and lower in fat at 14 wk than at 16 wk of age. Results suggest CGF can
      successfully constitute up to 10% of the diet of growing turkey hens. The use of
      CGF in turkey diets up to this level would be governed by the economics of the
      nutrient supply. At 20% of the diet, the tendency for CGF to induce moist
      droppings may impose a restriction on its use, and the degree of restriction
      would depend on the housing-management situation.

PMID- 3405935
TI  - Biotin deficiency may alter tibiotarsal bone growth and modeling in broiler
      chicks.
AB  - Forty-eight, day-old male broiler chicks (Hubbard x Hubbard strain) were fed
      purified diets with two levels of biotin (0 and 400 micrograms/kg) and two levels
      of linoleate (26.5 and 1.5 g/kg) in a factorially designed experiment to
      determine the effects of these nutrients on tibiotarsal bone growth and modeling.
      Chicks fed biotin-deficient diets (0 microgram/kg diet) exhibited varus
      deformities, footpad dermatitis, shortened tibiotarsi, and significantly higher
      bone densities and percentage bone ash. Anatomically there were two different
      bone modeling patterns. The mid-diaphyseal cortex was thickest laterally in
      chicks fed adequate biotin and thickest medially in biotin-deficient chicks.
      Periosteal bone appositional and bone formation rates, osteoid perimeter, and
      osteoid area of perimeter were reduced in tibiotarsi of chicks fed diets
      deficient in biotin compared with effects in chicks fed adequate biotin. Altered
      bone modeling patterns and quantitative differences in bone histomorphometry
      suggest a relationship between the effects of biotin on bone growth and the
      development of varus limb deformities.

PMID- 3405936
TI  - Effects of white lupine in diets of growing turkeys.
AB  - In Experiment 1, dehulling white lupine (WL) improved growth and feed efficiency
      of male Large White turkey poults fed 40% WL during 4 to 21 days of age. In
      Experiment 2, WL was included proportionally with soybean meal in corn-soy diets
      of female turkeys from 0 to 17 wk of age. Soybean meal: WL ratios (S:WL) were 1:0
      (control), 2:1, 1:1, and 6:1. At 17 wk of age hens on S:WL diets of 2:1 had body
      weights that were similar to those of birds fed the corn-soy control diets.
      Growth of hens fed S:WL diets of 6:1 was depressed (P less than .05). Growth
      depressions were greatest earlier in the study; older birds made compensatory
      gains. Feed efficiency of hens fed S:WL diets of 1:1 was poorer than that of
      controls during 0 to 11 wk but better than that of controls after 11 wk of age.
      Feed efficiency values were similar during 0 to 17 wk for hens fed control and
      S:WL diets of 2:1 and 1:1. Sensory evaluation of roasted light and dark meat of
      market birds revealed no taste differences in relation to WL level in the diet.

PMID- 3405937
TI  - Carotenoid composition of serum and egg yolks of hens fed diets varying in
      carotenoid composition.
AB  - High performance liquid chromatography of yolks of hens fed a diet based on
      yellow corn, alfalfa, and soybeans revealed over 20 cartenoids. Lutein, lutein
      monester, lutein diester, 3'-oxolutein, cryptoxanthin, zeaxanthin, beta-carotene,
      and zeacarotene were identified by their retention times, visible absorption
      spectra, behavior on saponification, and their presence or absence when lutein
      was the primary carotenoid fed. Three weeks after placing the hens on a white
      corn-soy-based diet supplemented with lutein (20 micrograms/g diet),
      cryptoxanthin, zeaxanthin, and zeacarotene were undetectable in the yolk and
      lutein, lutein monoester, lutein diester, and 3'-oxolutein assumed new
      equilibrium concentrations. The data imply an esterification pathway and an
      oxidative pathway in laying hens for the metabolism of hydroxycarotenoids.
      Consideration of the concentrations and ratios of lutein and its metabolites in
      serum and yolk suggest a nonovarian site for the metabolism of lutein in laying
      hens.

PMID- 3405938
TI  - Nutritive value of wheat screening as a feed ingredient for broiler chickens.
AB  - Data from two experiments, each involving a total of 1,920 (960 males and 960
      females) broiler chickens were combined to evaluate the effects of feeding diets
      containing 0, 15, 30, or 45% ground wheat screenings (WS). Mortality was
      significantly higher for males than for females at both 21 days (P less than .01)
      and 42 days of age (P less than .05). Although there was no significant (P less
      than .05) difference between feed conversion ratios for the two sexes, body
      weights were significantly higher for males than for females. Significant (P less
      than .01) dietary effects were evident for feed conversion to 21 days of age but
      not to 42 days. Dietary effects on body weights were not significant (P less than
      .05) although a significant linear pattern at 21 days indicated that heavier
      weights were associated with higher dietary WS levels. Evidence is provided that
      satisfactory performance can be attained with diets containing up to 45% WS.

PMID- 3405940
TI  - Influence of acute feed deprivation or excess feed intake on immunocompetence of
      broiler chicks.
AB  - Immunocompetence was determined in chicks subjected to 24 h feed deprivation or
      excess intake by measuring 1) hemagglutinin titers in response to sheep red blood
      cell (SRBC) injections given either before or after dietary treatments, 2)
      delayed hypersensitivity to human gamma globulin (HGG), or 3) in vitro,
      phytohaemagglutinin-induced mitogenesis of spleen lymphocytes taken immediately
      or 24 h after dietary treatment. In Experiment 1, chicks were intubated six times
      during a 24-h period with an isolated soy protein-dextrose diet at either 100%
      (control) or 150% of ad libitum consumption. Following the period of excess
      intake, half of the chicks were prevented from making a compensatory decrease in
      intake by force-feeding (Hi-equal) and half were permitted to decrease their
      intake (Hi-adlib). All chicks not force-fed were sham-intubated. Imposing force
      feeding (Hi-equal) before or after challenge with SRBC resulted in significantly
      (P less than .05) decreased hemagglutinin titers. Force-feeding (Hi-equal) 24 h
      prior to HGG injection significantly decreased delayed hypersensitivity. Hi-adlib
      chicks did not respond differently than controls. In Experiment 2, chicks were
      either fed ad libitum (control), fasted for 24 or 48 h and then fed ad libitum
      (Low24-adlib and Low48-adlib), or deprived of feed for 24 or 48 h and then
      restricted to normal intake (Low24-equal and Low48-equal). Imposing Low24-equal
      feeding prior to SRBC injection resulted in significantly greater (P less than
      .05) hemagglutinin titers after 7 days than observed in control chicks. No other
      differences were seen. These studies demonstrate that an acute period of
      uncompensated overconsumption or feed deprivation decreases and increases,
      respectively, selected aspects of the immune response.

PMID- 3405939
TI  - Aflatoxin-impaired ability to accumulate oxycarotenoid pigments during
      restoration in young chickens.
AB  - The mechanism by which aflatoxin causes paling in chickens was investigated by
      measuring its effect on the restoration of pigments in 3-wk-old birds made pale
      by feeding a white corn-soy diet. Pigment restoration was accomplished by feeding
      the same diet supplemented with lutein (70 micrograms/g of diet), which is the
      major oxycarotenoid pigment in chicken diets and tissues. The oxycarotenoids
      (free, monoester, and diester forms of lutein) in the toe web, liver, serum, and
      jejunal mucosa of control and aflatoxin-fed (2 micrograms/g of diet) birds were
      measured by HPLC at 0, 1, 2, 3, 6, and 9 days of repletion. Aflatoxin caused a
      significant (P less than .05) depression of all forms of lutein in the toe web.
      In the liver, aflatoxin decreased lutein significantly (P less than .05) but
      increased lutein monoester and lutein diester. Lutein accumulation in serum and
      mucosa were inhibited significantly (P less than .05) starting on Days 2 and 3,
      respectively. These data imply that the normal accumulation of lutein from the
      diet proceeded into and through the mucosa to the serum to depot sites in the
      liver and integument, where lutein was acylated to its monoester, which was
      acylated to its diester. Further, aflatoxin inhibited, apparently independently,
      the accumulation of lutein by the mucosa, serum, liver, and integument.
      Pharmacokinetic analysis of the data indicated that both acylation steps in the
      integument were sensitive to aflatoxin, but the passage of lutein from serum into
      the integument was not affected.

PMID- 3405942
TI  - Assessment of extruded grain amaranth as a feed ingredient for broilers. 1.
      Apparent metabolizable energy values.
AB  - Two trials were conducted to determine the apparent metabolizable energy (AME)
      and nitrogen-corrected AME (AMEn) of extruded grain amaranth (Amaranthus
      cruentus). Procedures for these determinations were the total collection method
      (TCM) and the use of acid-insoluble ash (AIA) as a marker. The AME and AMEn
      values for the grain were determined both by regression analysis and by
      calculations based on differences from the basal diet. Based on standard errors
      of the predicted values and coefficients of determination of the regression
      equations, TCM produced more accurate results than did AIA. Using regression
      analysis, the predicted values from the TCM were 3,382 kcal/kg of AME and 3,267
      kcal/kg of AMEn on an as-fed basis. When expressed on a dry-matter basis, these
      values were 3,646 and 3,522 kcal/kg for AME and AMEn, respectively. When the
      difference method was used to calculate the ME of the extruded grain on an as-fed
      basis, the values of 3,295 kcal/kg of AME and 3,164 kcal/kg of AMEn were
      obtained. When the results were expressed on a dry-matter basis, 3,556 kcal/kg of
      AME and 3,415 kcal/kg of AMEn were determined.

PMID- 3405941
TI  - Pectoralis muscle shortening and rigor development at different locations within
      the broiler breast.
AB  - Two experiments were conducted to evaluate differences in rigor development that
      occur as a function of location within the broiler breast muscles, pectoralis
      major (p. major) and pectoralis minor (p. minor). Three locations were evaluated,
      corresponding to anterior, middle, and posterior samples taken between the
      cranial and caudal ends of each muscle. Results of the first experiment indicated
      that the 1.55-mu sarcomere lengths of hot-boned p. major muscle at the anterior
      location were significantly shorter than those at the posterior location, which
      were 1.69 mu. Sarcomere lengths of p. minor were shorter than those of p. major
      in hot-boned muscles, but longer in those aged intact, indicating a significant
      muscle x treatment interaction. In the second experiment, the anterior location
      of hot-boned p. major reached the onset phase of rigor in about 1 h, whereas
      those at the posterior location required between 2 and 4 h postmortem. Between 1
      and 8 h postmortem, sarcomere lengths for the anterior location of p. major were
      also significantly shorter than lengths in the posterior location, but the
      differences after 24 h were not significant. Samples at all locations of p. minor
      reached onset of rigor by 15 to 30 min postmortem, with no locational differences
      throughout the 24 h period of aging. The results of both experiments generally
      indicated differences between profiles of rigor development of the two muscles
      and between samples at different locations of the much larger and more complex p.
      major.

PMID- 3405943
TI  - Assessment of extruded grain amaranth as a feed ingredient for broilers. 2.
      Apparent amino acid availability values.
AB  - Apparent amino acid availabilities (AAAA) were determined for grain amaranth in
      two experiments using broilers. Total collection method (TCM) and acid-insoluble
      ash (AIA), as a marker, were used for these determinations. Individual amino acid
      availabilities for the extruded grain were calculated both by regression analysis
      and by difference from the basal diet. From the linear regression equations, TCM
      produced more accurate results than did the AIA method, based on standard errors
      of the intercept and coefficient of determination. Predicted AAAA, based on
      linear regression equations, from the TCM were 92.4, 79.9, and 89.4% for
      methionine, lysine, and arginine, respectively. Using the TCM and calculation by
      difference, average AAAA on an as-fed basis were 85.0, 79.1, and 92.9% for
      methionine, lysine, and arginine, respectively. The AAAA of 11 other amino acids
      were also determined.

PMID- 3405944
TI  - Further investigation of the dietary protein level-monensin interrelationship in
      broiler chicks: influence of dietary protein source and type of anticoccidial
      drug.
AB  - Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the influence of dietary protein
      source on the monensin response in healthy chicks fed diets varying in CP. The
      interrelationship between dietary CP level and four different anticoccidial drugs
      was evaluated in a fourth experiment. The experiments were conducted from 8 to 21
      or 22 days posthatching. In Experiment 1, crossbred chicks were fed corn-soybean
      meal (SBM) diets containing either 24 or 16% CP or casein-dextrose diets
      containing 20, 15, or 10% CP in the presence or absence of 160 mg/kg monensin.
      When CP level was decreased in the corn-SBM treatments, the resulting monensin
      induced growth depression was greater. However, this interaction was not observed
      in chicks fed casein-dextrose diets. Experiments 2 and 3 were conducted to
      determine if the monensin-protein level interrelationship is influenced by the
      source of dietary soybean protein or by high levels of animal protein (AP).
      Monensin at 140 mg/kg produced a much greater growth depression at 16 than at 24%
      CP in chicks fed a corn-SBM diet, whereas amounts of monensin depression in
      chicks fed a corn-isolated soy protein diet were similar for both CP levels. As
      dietary protein was reduced from 24 to 16% in Experiment 3, 140 mg/kg monensin
      caused growth depressions of 10 and 40%, and 14 and 28%, respectively, in broiler
      chicks fed corn-SBM and corn-AP diets.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3405946
TI  - Effect of cortisol on cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity to phytohemagglutinin
      in chickens.
AB  - Three independent trials were conducted to determine if cutaneous basophil
      hypersensitivity (CBH) to the mitogen phytohemagglutinin (PHA-P) was affected by
      the injection of cortisol in broiler cockerels. Trials 1 and 2 were similar, and
      Trial 3 imposed a period of heat stress in combination with cortisol. At 6 wk of
      age, chicks were injected intramuscularly with 2 mg of cortisol in a corn oil
      vehicle/500 g body weight at 48, 36, 24, and 12 h prior to challenge with PHA-P.
      Controls received an equal amount of corn oil on the same schedule. Each chick
      received .05 mL of PHA-P (100 micrograms) in the right wattle and an equal volume
      of saline in the left wattle. The CBH was assessed by measuring the thickness of
      wattles at various times from 0 to 48 h after challenge with PHA-P. Wattle
      indices were calculated. Birds were necropsied at 48 h post-PHA-P, and bursa of
      Fabricius, spleen, and both adrenals excised and weighed. Cortisol produced a
      significantly greater CBH response in Trials 1 and 2 as indicated by higher
      wattle indices at 48 h and at 6 h in Trial 3. Regression analysis indicated
      significantly greater intercepts for the cortisol responses in Trials 1 and 3 and
      a significantly greater linear component for the cortisol response in Trial 2.
      Body weights and relative bursa and spleen weights were reduced significantly by
      cortisol, whereas relative adrenal weights were increased significantly in Trials
      2 and 3. These data indicated that cortisol enhanced CBH to the mitogen PHA-P in
      broiler cockerels. This is in contrast to reported immunosuppressive effects of
      other glucocorticoids.

PMID- 3405945
TI  - Correlation of broiler breeder male semen production and testes morphology.
AB  - Broiler breeder males were fed either a 9, 12, or 15% protein diet (2,819 kcal/kg
      metabolizable energy) from 6 to 50 wk of age. From 48 through 49 wk of age semen
      volume (VOL) and concentration (CONC) and number of spermatozoa per ejaculate
      (NSE) were determined, and at 50 wk of age body weight (BWT) and testes weight
      (TWT) were measured. Spermatogenic activity was evaluated histologically by a) a
      computer-aided assessment of seminiferous epithelial area (SEA), tubular diameter
      (TD), and epithelial height (EH); and b) visual appraisal of seminiferous tubular
      size and maturity of cell types (testes score-TS). Relationships among NSE, TS,
      SEA, TD, EH, BWT, and TWT were determined. Dietary protein had no significant
      effect on VOL, CONC, NSE, BWT, TWT, TS, SEA, EH, or TD. Significant positive
      correlation coefficients were observed among NSE, TS, SEA, TD, and EH, indicating
      moderate effectiveness of these methods in evaluating reproductive state. Low
      correlations between NSE and other variables may have resulted from 25% of the
      males having high TS but failing to ejaculate semen. Body weight and TWT, as well
      as BWT and NSE, were positively correlated. The SEA and TD had higher
      correlations with TWT than with BWT.

PMID- 3405947
TI  - Position of Meckel's diverticulum in broiler-type chickens.
AB  - In each of three trials broiler-type chickens were used to determine whether
      Meckel's diverticulum resides in a constant position along the intestinal tract.
      Chickens were provided a basal diet ad libitum through 49 (Trials 2 and 3) or 52
      days of age (Trial 1). Body weight and total intestine length as well as the
      lengths of the intestine from the gizzard to Meckel's diverticulum (GMD) and from
      Meckel's diverticulum (MD) to the cecal openings (MDC) were then recorded. When
      intestine length was expressed as a percentage of body weight, significant
      differences were noted between sexes. However, no significant differences were
      observed between sexes for either GMD or MDC relative to total intestinal length.
      Results of this study indicate that MD resides in a constant position along the
      length of the intestinal tract. This constancy of position supports the use of MD
      as a boundary point of the intestine.

PMID- 3405948
TI  - Development of and serologic evaluation of acquired immunity to Cryptosporidium
      baileyi by broiler chickens.
AB  - Eighteen 2-wk-old broiler chickens that were inoculated orally with oocysts of
      Cryptosporidium baileyi (Group B) became infected, shed large numbers of oocysts
      in their feces on Days 6 to 12 post inoculation (PI), and suddenly cleared the
      parasites from the mucosal epithelium of the bursa of Fabricius (BF), cloaca, or
      both BF and cloaca on Days 14 to 16 PI. Eighteen uninoculated birds (Group A) did
      not shed oocysts during this time period. Five days after all birds in Group B
      stopped shedding oocysts, the 36 chickens comprising both groups were challenged
      orally with C. baileyi oocysts. At the time of necropsy, 10 days after oral
      challenge, all Group A birds (previously uninfected, challenged) had heavy C.
      baileyi infections in the mucosal epithelium of the BF or cloaca. No parasites
      were found in the BF or cloaca of the Group B birds (previously infected,
      recovered, challenged) at the time of necropsy. These data demonstrate that a
      single intestinal infection with C. baileyi can elicit an immune response of
      sufficient magnitude to clear the parasite from the intestinal (BF and cloaca)
      mucosa and to make broiler chickens resistant to subsequent oral challenge with
      oocysts of the same species. Development of resistance to reinfection was
      accompanied by the appearance of serum antibodies to C. baileyi that were
      detectable by two Cryptosporidium-specific assays; an indirect immunofluorescent
      antibody assay and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent antibody assay (ELISA). The
      ELISA described herein can now be incorporated into serologically based health
      monitoring programs.

PMID- 3405949
TI  - Serologic incidence of Cryptosporidium in Delmarva broiler flocks.
AB  - Banked serum samples collected from an industry-wide serologic survey of eighteen
      Delmarva broiler flocks conducted in 1985 were evaluated for the presence of
      Cryptosporidium- specific antibodies in an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent
      assay (ELISA). Evaluation of sera collected at 49-days posthatch showed that 38%
      of the broiler flocks were serologically positive, whereas 50% of samples
      obtained from flocks at 63-days during an extended growout were positive. From a
      performance standpoint, the top nine flocks in the study were essentially
      negative at the 49-day sampling. In order to more firmly establish the serologic
      prevalence of Cryptosporidium in Delmarva broiler flocks, a second serologic
      survey was conducted early in 1987. In this study, an estimated 22% of the 454
      broiler flocks sampled at approximately 49 days of age were positive for
      Cryptosporidium. The negative Cryptosporidium serology in the top 25% of these
      flocks was associated with better performance, but positive Cryptosporidium
      serology was not clearly correlated with poor performance. Remarkable differences
      between Cryptosporidium serologic exposure rates of the growout companies were
      observed, with some companies having exposure rates as high as 40%, and others
      rates of less than 3%.

PMID- 3405950
TI  - Performance and yields of broilers fed extruded grain amaranth and grown to
      market weight.
AB  - A trial was conducted to determine the effects of feeding extruded grain amaranth
      (Amaranthus cruentus) on performance of male broilers grown in batteries to 49
      days of age. Practical corn-soy rations were supplemented with 0, 10, 20, 30, 40,
      or 50% amaranth and formulated to meet nutrient requirements for the starter (0
      to 21 days), grower (21 to 42 days), and finisher (42 to 49 days) periods. Each
      diet was fed to six replicate pens of 10 male birds each. No differences were
      observed for feed utilization (P greater than .05), but at Day 49, birds fed 50%
      amaranth weighed significantly less and had significantly lighter dressed carcass
      weights than those fed the control diet. For dressing percentages, no significant
      differences among diets were observed. Dietary differences in fat pad weights
      were not detected, but significant differences between diets were observed for
      fat pad weights expressed as a percentage of the total carcass weight (% OTC).
      Significant and positive linear responses existed when liver weight, liver weight
      as % OTC, and fat pad weight as % OTC were regressed upon amaranth inclusion. No
      treatment differences were observed for heart or pancreas weights or for their
      weights as % OTC. Gizzard weight and gizzard weight as % OTC decreased linearly
      with amaranth inclusion. Giblet weights (heart + liver + gizzard) were
      significantly different among diets, but giblet weight appeared to be unrelated
      to amaranth level. Birds fed the diet with 50% amaranth had giblets of equal size
      to birds fed the control diet.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3405952
TI  - Niacin requirement of turkey poults fed a corn-soybean meal diet from 1 to 21
      days of age.
AB  - Nicholas Large White turkey poults were used in three experiments to reevaluate
      the niacin requirement between 1 and 21 days of age. In Experiment 1, 384 turkey
      poults were assigned to six dietary treatments, 0, 5.5, 11.0, 22.0, 44.0, and 88
      mg of supplemental niacin/kg basal diet. Eight replicates of eight birds/pen
      (equal numbers of male and female poults) were used per diet. In Experiment 2,
      320 birds were assigned to the same dietary treatment as in the first experiment
      except for the 44.0-mg niacin treatment. In Experiment 3, 288 turkey poults were
      assigned to six dietary treatments, 0, 6, 12, 18, 24, and 30 mg of supplemental
      niacin/kg of feed. The basal diet with no added niacin was a corn-soybean meal
      diet calculated to contain 28.5% crude protein. The analyses of tryptophan were
      .35, .35, and .34%, and of niacin were 26, 26, and 23 mg/kg in the basal diets of
      Experiments 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Using the broken-line technique to
      determine the minimum niacin requirement for maximum body growth at 21 days of
      age, and taking into consideration the dietary supplemental niacin needed to
      prevent leg abnormalities, it was estimated that the minimum dietary niacin
      requirement for turkey poults from Day 1 to 21 days of age was 44 mg/kg of feed.
      Feed intake was maximized, and feed conversion was improved in a parallel fashion
      to growth. The incidence of leg disorders decreased in number and severity as
      supplemental niacin was increased in the diet.

PMID- 3405951
TI  - Interaction of dietary calcium and chloride and the influence of monovalent
      minerals on eggshell quality.
AB  - Two experiments were conducted to determine the influence of dietary sodium and
      chloride on eggshell quality of leghorn hens. In the first, hens were fed for 4
      wk diets containing three levels of calcium (2.0, 2.8, and 3.5%) and two levels
      of chloride (.25 and .86%) in a factorial arrangement of treatments involving
      four replicates of five hens/treatment. Neither chloride nor calcium
      significantly affected hen-day egg production or egg weight (P greater than .05);
      however, chloride decreased feed consumption and calcium increased body weight
      gain (P less than .05). Interactions of calcium and chloride were significant for
      eggshell strength (P less than .06) and eggshell thickness (P less than .05).
      Chloride decreased these measures of eggshell quality only for hens receiving
      2.0% calcium, and calcium improved both measures only for hens receiving .86%
      chloride. Chloride decreased blood bicarbonate concentration and base excess (P
      less than .05), but did not affect blood pH and pCO2 (P greater than .05). The
      effect of dietary sodium and chloride on eggshells of hens receiving 2.0% dietary
      calcium was determined in a second experiment. Seven diets ranging from .18%
      sodium and .94% chloride to .76% sodium and .24% chloride were provided for 4 wk
      to five replicates of five hens/treatment. Dietary sodium and chloride levels did
      not affect hen-day egg production or egg weight (P greater than .05). Increasing
      the proportions of sodium relative to chloride decreased food intake but
      increased eggshell strength and thickness (P less than .01) and increased blood
      pH (P less than .05), bicarbonate concentration (P less than .01), and base
      excess (P less than .01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3405953
TI  - Effects of energy source and feed access on abdominal adipose tissue in chickens
      of two broiler strains.
AB  - Broiler-type pullets of two commercial strains (H & N and Hubbard) were fed
      either a high fat or high carbohydrate diet from 0 to 20 wk of age. Feeding was
      ad libitum or restricted to 3 (high-fat) or 3.3 (high-carbohydrate) h/day.
      Adipocyte characteristics of abdominal fat pads were determined at 5, 8, 11, 17,
      and 20 wk of age. Birds fed the high carbohydrate diet ad libitum had greater
      feed and energy intake with no reduction in the efficiency of energy utilization
      than birds fed the high fat diet ad libitum. The greater energy intake did not
      increase abdominal fat pad weight. Restricted feeding of the high fat diet
      produced comparable weight gains, up to 17 wk of age, to those of birds fed ad
      libitum but at lower energy cost. Adipocyte numbers and mean size were similar
      for the two strains and responded similarly to the dietary treatments. A
      characteristic bimodal distribution of cell size, consisting of a primary
      population of large adipocytes and a secondary population of small adipocytes,
      was apparent in 5-wk-old birds fed ad libitum. The secondary population of
      adipocytes in the feed-restricted birds appeared by 8 to 11 wk of age.
      Lipoprotein lipase activity in the adipose tissue was determined at 20 wk; White
      Leghorn hens were used for comparison. Consonant with the larger adipocytes,
      enzyme activity was higher in the broiler-type birds.

PMID- 3405954
TI  - Distribution of trans and cis 18:1 fatty acid isomers in chicks fed different
      fats.
AB  - The effects of dietary trans isomers of 18:1 (t-18:1) were studied in chicks by
      feeding purified diets containing soybean oil (SBO) as the control lipid source,
      saturated fat (SF), hydrogenated soybean oil (HSBO), or spent restaurant grease
      (SRG) for three weeks. Argentation thin-layer chromatography and gas-liquid
      chromatography were used to separate trans and cis (c) isomers of 18:1 and to
      determine the fatty acid composition in chick tissues. Chicks fed HSBO (34% t
      18:1 of total 18:1) had weight gains similar to those of chicks fed SF but
      significantly (P less than .05) lower gains than those of chicks fed SBO or SRG.
      No differences were observed in feed conversion ratios (total feed:total gain)
      across treatments. Trans-18:1 was incorporated into liver, heart, lung, and
      abdominal fat pad of chicks fed HSBO. Chicks fed HSBO had higher levels of c-16:1
      omega 7 and 18:1 and lower levels of linoleate and arachidonate in tissue lipids.
      Similar changes were observed in liver microsomal fatty acids of chicks fed SRG
      that was adequate in linoleate, but which contained low levels of t-18:1 (4% of
      total 18:1). Positional and geometrical isomers of 18:1 appear to impair
      essential fatty acid metabolism in the chick.

PMID- 3405955
TI  - Riboflavin requirement of broiler chicks fed a corn-soybean diet.
AB  - Two 21-day battery experiments were conducted with day-old broiler chicks fed a
      corn-soybean meal diet to re-evaluate the riboflavin requirement for optimum
      performance. In each experiment a total of 384 birds was assigned to six dietary
      treatments and given 0, 0.9, 2.0, 2.8, 3.6, or 4.4 mg of supplemental
      riboflavin/kg of feed. The corn-soybean meal diet was formulated to contain 22%
      CP and 3,200 kcal of ME/kg of feed. The analyzed riboflavin content of the
      unsupplemented diet was 2.6 mg/kg. A severe leg paralysis (inability to walk and
      to move one or both legs) was first observed between 10 to 12 days of age in
      birds receiving no supplemental riboflavin. Besides leg paralysis, high mortality
      and poor growth were the main signs of riboflavin deficiency observed. A minimum
      requirement for growth of 3.6 mg of riboflavin/kg of feed was determined using
      the broken-line technique. However, in order to prevent signs of leg paralysis,
      the minimum requirement of 4.6 mg riboflavin/kg of feed was suggested. Based on
      the maximum feed intake (834 g) observed for birds to reach maximum body weight
      (593 g) at 21 days of age, a minimum intake of approximately 6.5 micrograms
      riboflavin/g body weight was needed for maximum performance.

PMID- 3405956
TI  - Hyperplastic response of adipose tissue to caloric overconsumption in sexually
      mature chickens.
AB  - Two experiments were conducted to determine the hyperplastic response of adipose
      tissue from sexually mature chickens in response to caloric overconsumption. In
      the first experiment, birds were either force-fed or allowed to consume feed ad
      libitum, whereas in the second experiment, a feed-restriction regimen was also
      implemented. In both experiments feeding treatments were applied for 19
      consecutive days, and a diet high in energy and low in protein was fed to all
      birds to promote lipogenesis. To monitor adipocyte dynamics, birds in Experiment
      1 received an intramuscular injection of [methyl-3H]thymidine on Day 15, whereas
      in Experiment 2 birds were injected on Days 1 and 10. In both Experiments 1 and
      2, body weight gain and percentage weight gain were greater in the force-fed
      birds. Furthermore the retroperitoneal (abdominal), and right sartorial fat
      depots increased in weight as a result of force-feeding, and there were
      concomitant increases in total adipocyte DNA content and total radiotracer uptake
      by these tissues. The results indicate that expansion of adipose tissue in
      sexually mature chickens is not restricted solely to cellular hypertrophy, but
      periodic hyperplastic activity also occurs in response to caloric
      overconsumption.

PMID- 3405957
TI  - Feed restriction in broiler breeder pullets: skip-a-day versus skip-two-days.
AB  - Effects were compared of two methods of feed restriction (skip-a-day, SAD, vs.
      skip-two-days, STD) during 4 to 22 wk of age on the development, uniformity, and
      subsequent performance of White Rock pullets. The pullets, housed in cages,
      consumed the same amount of feed in both treatments. Nevertheless, body weights
      of birds kept under the STD feeding regimen were significantly (P less than .01)
      lower. This difference was still significant (P less than .05) at 35 wk of age.
      Flock uniformity at 11 wk of age was significantly (P less than .05) higher in
      pullets kept on the STD feeding program. Plasma glucose and corticosterone levels
      in fasted pullets and corticosterone levels in fed birds at the age of 21 wk were
      not affected by feeding regimen. However, the increase in plasma glucose after
      feeding was significantly (P less than .05) higher in pullets on the STD feeding
      program. Plasma corticosterone levels were consistently, and at times
      significantly (P less than .05), higher in fasted birds. Laying of the first egg
      was significantly (P less than .05) delayed in hens previously kept on the STD
      feeding regimen. Rate of egg production and egg weights up to 35 wk of age were
      not affected by the method of feed restriction.

PMID- 3405958
TI  - Ultrastructure of fresh and frozen-thawed spermatozoa of high and low fertility
      lines of chickens.
AB  - Level of damage caused by freezing and thawing to four spermatozoal organelles
      (individual mitochondrion, midpiece, nucleus, and perforatorium) and the
      relationships of the integrity of these organelles in fresh and frozen-thawed
      semen with fertility were examined. Semen sample from 10th generation males of a
      line of chickens selected for increased duration of fertility of frozen-thawed
      semen and the corresponding randombred control line were used. In both the
      selected and control lines, the freeze-thaw process caused significant (P less
      than .05) detrimental damage to the ultrastructure of the mitochondria, midpiece,
      and perforatorium but not to the nucleus. Types of damage were identical in both
      lines. Granulated nuclei were observed in both frozen-thawed and freshly
      ejaculated spermatozoa and were referred to as a nuclear defect. This nuclear
      defect was associated with reduced fertility, the effect being more severe with
      frozen-thawed semen. Where the incidence of the nuclear defect was greater than
      2% in frozen-thawed semen, fertility was found to be very low or nil regardless
      of the degree of structural integrity of the mitochondria, midpiece and
      perforatorium. Highly significant (P less than .01) positive correlation
      coefficients were observed for percentage fertility 2 to 8 days postinsemination
      and duration of fertility in days with percentages of normal mitochondria (.80
      and .92), midpiece (.79 and .87), nucleus (.86 and .94), and perforatorium (.84
      and .97) for fresh semen. With frozen-thawed semen, the positive correlation
      coefficients were significant (P less than .05) for midpiece (.64 and .69) and
      nucleus (.63 and .71) and nonsignificant for mitochondria (.52 and .50) and
      perforatium (.20 and .30).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3405959
TI  - Relationship of plasma growth hormone to growth within and between turkey lines
      selected for differential growth rates.
AB  - The ontogeny of plasma growth hormone (GH) was determined within and between
      genetically-related turkey lines selected for differential growth rates. Blood
      samples were obtained at weekly intervals from hatching through 195 days of age
      from male and female poults of a slow-growing, randombred line (RBC-2),
      representing the base population, and a fast-growing line selected over 20
      generations from RBC-2 for increased 16-wk body weight (F). Growth rate of the F
      line exceeded that of RBC-2 during the very early (0 to 14 day) posthatch period
      (P less than .05), but was not different from that of the RBC-2 line by 77 to 195
      days of age. Males of both lines were larger than females at all ages (P less
      than .05). Plasma GH increased from hatching until 2 wk of age and declined
      thereafter in both lines. Differences between overall plasma GH concentrations of
      the lines were not observed during the 0 to 14 day period, but concentrations
      were higher (P less than .05) in RBC-2 than F birds thereafter (21 to 195 days of
      age). Plasma GH concentrations initially (0 to 14 days) were higher in females
      than in males for both lines (P less than .05), but thereafter (21 to 195 days)
      declined more rapidly and averaged lower overall in females than in males (P less
      than .05). Correlations between measures of GH and growth rate within lines over
      age were strongly positive (r = .83 to .93; P less than .001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3405960
TI  - Effects of feeding regimen during early development on body composition,
      gastrointestinal tract size, and semen quality of broiler breeder cockerels after
      maturation.
AB  - Broiler breeder males were randomly assigned at 3 wk of age to one of three
      feeding treatments: 1) limited amount daily feeding (LD), 2) skip-a-day feeding
      (SAD), or 3) limited time feeding (LT). The same diet (16% CP and 3,011 kcal
      ME/kg) was provided from 3 to 22 wk of age to each treatment. The amount of feed
      or feeding time was adjusted to maintain recommended BW across treatments. At 22
      and 34 wk of age, testes and gastrointestinal (GI) weights and carcass
      compositions were obtained. From 22 to 34 wk, birds were individually caged and
      fed ad libitum a breeder diet (15.5% CP and 2,878 kcal ME/kg). Males were
      ejaculated twice weekly, and BW and semen characteristics were recorded weekly.
      No significant differences existed among treatments for BW or body composition at
      22 wk, but SAD birds had heavier crops and lighter gizzard weights than either LD
      or LT birds. Sexual maturity occurred 10 days earlier in the LD group than the
      SAD group; however, the LD group had reduced semen yields and spermatozoa
      concentrations compared to those in the SAD group. At 34 wk, there were no
      significant differences among body or GI weights, body moisture, or ash among the
      treatment groups. Birds in the LD group had heavier livers, greater amounts of
      body fat, smaller testes, and reduced body protein than those in the other
      treatments.

PMID- 3405961
TI  - Influence of Fermacto on the performance of laying hens when fed diets with
      different levels of methionine.
AB  - An experiment was conducted to determine the effect on laying hens of adding
      Fermacto at a level of 454 g/909 kg diet to diets containing various levels of
      supplemental methionine. The addition of Fermacto to the basal diet resulted in
      increased (P less than or equal to .05) production, egg mass, and feed intake
      while improving feed efficiency. A significant (P less than or equal to .05) main
      effect for supplemental Fermacto over all levels of added methionine was found
      for egg production and feed efficiency.

PMID- 3405962
TI  - Effect of feed and water withdrawal on shear strength of broiler gastrointestinal
      tract.
AB  - The effects of length of feed (0, 6, 12, 18, and 24 h) and water (with and
      without) withdrawal and sex of broilers on gastrointestinal (GI) fragility (shear
      strength) and moisture content were determined. The length of feed withdrawal and
      sex of broilers had significant (P less than .05) effects on shear strength of
      various segments of the GI tract. Shear values of GI segments increased with time
      after feed withdrawal, and values were higher for males than females. Access to
      water did not affect these results. With the exception of the duodenum, moisture
      content of GI segments did not differ by sex. Shear values and moisture content
      of the GI segments were not correlated.

PMID- 3405963
TI  - Replacing hens in cages: effect on subsequent egg production.
AB  - Comparisons were made to determine whether replacing hens that died in multiple
      hen cages would alter the subsequent well-being of such groups, as indicated by
      rate of egg production. In only one of four comparisons was a significantly lower
      rate of lay obtained from hens in cages that received replacements in the 1st 5
      wk period following replacements. Differences were not detected during the 2nd 5
      wk period in any of the four comparisons. Consequences of replacing vs. not
      replacing hens are discussed briefly.

PMID- 3405964
TI  - Anamnestic response of neonatal chickens to sheep red blood cells as influenced
      by the number of weeks between the first and second injections.
AB  - In two experiments primary and secondary hemagglutination titers of chickens were
      determined in response to intravenous injections of 1 mL of a 5% suspension of
      sheep red blood cells (SRBC). All birds received the primary injection at 4 wk of
      age. In the first experiment, equal numbers of male and female birds were
      randomly selected to receive the secondary injection at 2, 4, 6, and 8 wk
      following the initial injection. Based on the level of IgG antibody to SRBC, all
      postprimary injections affected an anamnestic response. Furthermore, the
      anamnestic response obtained following the 6 and 8-wk postprimary injection was
      significantly higher than those obtained with injections 2 or 4 wk after the
      primary injection. In the second experiment, secondary injections were
      administered either 3 or 6 wk after the primary injections. The anamnestic
      response of birds receiving the 6-wk postprimary injection was higher than those
      injected 3-wk after the primary injections.

PMID- 3405966
TI  - [An unusual case of sarcoidosis with multiple organ involvement and fatal
      course].

PMID- 3405965
TI  - [Round atelectasis].

PMID- 3405968
TI  - [The factor structure of behavior problems of inpatients].

PMID- 3405969
TI  - [Study and therapy of prenatal mother-child relations].

PMID- 3405967
TI  - [The family physician as "screening agent" in pediatric and adolescent
      psychiatric management].

PMID- 3405970
TI  - [Pathogenesis between individuation and psychosocial ecology].

PMID- 3405971
TI  - The in utero diagnosis and management of alloimmune thrombocytopenia.
AB  - A case is presented in which percutaneous umbilical sampling (PUBS) was utilized
      in the second and third trimesters for the diagnosis and management of a
      pregnancy at risk for neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (NAIT).

PMID- 3405972
TI  - Intrauterine hypercalcaemia and non-immune hydrops fetalis--relationship to the
      Williams syndrome.
AB  - We describe a 28-week-old fetus with severe non-immune hydrops. Intrauterine cord
      blood sampling revealed hypercalcaemia of 3.4 mmol/l (n = 2.6 +/- 0.1).
      Subsequently, a postmortem examination revealed supravalvular aortic and
      pulmonary artery stenosis together with extensive arterial calcification. The
      maternal calcium, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, and parathyroid
      hormone levels were normal at delivery. This is the first time that
      hypercalcaemia has been diagnosed in utero. We speculate on the fact that the
      disorder resulted as a consequence of abnormal vitamin D metabolism in the
      fetoplacental unit, and that it might be related to the Williams syndrome.

PMID- 3405973
TI  - A study of chromosomal aberrations in amniotic fluid cell cultures.
AB  - This paper represents the analysis of 1916 routine amniotic fluid specimens
      harvested by an in situ fixation technique in a prospective study with regard to
      cultural chromosome anomalies. Excluding constitutional abnormalities, 2.9 per
      cent of 19,432 cells analysed showed some form of chromosome anomaly, terminal
      deletions (57 per cent) and chromatid/chromosome breaks and gaps (18 per cent)
      being the most frequent, followed by interchange aberrations (13 per cent) and
      trisomy (5 per cent). No case was found of more than one colony from the same
      culture showing the same anomaly without it being present in other cultures from
      the same fluid. The wholly abnormal colonies had a surplus of trisomies and from
      the mathematical considerations presented one may infer that these are likely to
      reflect the presence of abnormal cells in the amniotic fluid. Partly abnormal
      colonies appeared at a frequency that would correspond to virtual absence of
      selection against chromosomally abnormal cells when cultured in vitro. The
      aberrations found were similar to those seen as single cell anomalies, except for
      chromatid breaks and exchanges. The data suggest a basic preferential induction
      of trisomy for chromosomes 2, 18, 21, and the Y-chromosome. Structural
      aberrations showed a marked clustering of breakpoints around the centromeres. The
      frequency of mutant cells was low (1.4 X 10(-3)) before culture was initiated. At
      harvest, the frequency of abnormal cells was much higher (3 X 10(-2))
      corresponding to 3 X 10(-3) mutations per cell per generation accumulating over
      approximately ten generations in vitro.

PMID- 3405974
TI  - In vitro characteristics of human fetal cells obtained from chorionic villus
      sampling and amniocentesis.
AB  - In vitro characteristics of human fetal cells have been investigated after
      chorionic villus sampling at the first trimester and amniocentesis at the second
      trimester of pregnancy. Light microscopy revealed heterogeneous morphology of
      cell types in both the chorionic villus culture and the amniotic fluid cultures.
      Based on the experiments performed, chorionic villus cells are more sensitive to
      pronase, trypsin, and versene during subculture and have a higher DNA content per
      single cell and release more [125I]-Beta-human chorionic gonadotropin into
      culture medium than those found in amniotic fluid cells. The practical
      applications of this study are discussed.

PMID- 3405976
TI  - A case of septic miscarriage, a probable complication of chorion villus sampling.

PMID- 3405975
TI  - The oxidation of octanoic acid by cultured amniotic fluid cells: the effect of
      cell type and passage number.
AB  - We have measured the rate of oxidation of [1(-14)C]octanoate in cultured amniotic
      fluid (AF) cells at various passages and in AF cell lines with different clonal
      morphology. It is possible that both the passage number and the cell type may
      influence the outcome of prenatal diagnosis of fatty acid oxidation defects using
      this technique. We found that there was no significant difference between the
      three major AF cell types (epithelial, large epithelial, and fibroblast) when
      analysed at identical passage number but there was a significant reduction in
      octanoate oxidation in all cell types with increasing passage. For reliable
      prenatal diagnosis, cell lines of similar low passage number should be used.

PMID- 3405977
TI  - [Electron microscopy studies of the significance of colonization of the gastric
      mucosa with Campylobacter-like organisms].

PMID- 3405978
TI  - [Radical surgery in basaliomas using histologic excision edge control of excised
      tumor tissue].

PMID- 3405979
TI  - [Determination of wall thickness (by echocardiography and autopsy) in the
      diagnosis of heart hypertrophy].

PMID- 3405980
TI  - [Congenital craniopharyngioma. Reflections on the histopathogenesis and
      coincidence with abnormalities].

PMID- 3405981
TI  - [So-called symplasmic leiomyoma of the uterus].

PMID- 3405982
TI  - Nutrient intake, lipids, and lipoprotein cholesterols in black and white
      children: the Lipid Research Clinics Prevalence Study.
AB  - Our specific aim was to assess differences in nutrient intake and in lipids and
      lipoprotein cholesterols between blacks and whites in 259 black children (129
      boys, 130 girls) and in 811 white children (424 boys, 387 girls) ages 5-19. The
      nutrient intake data were obtained by 24-hr recall from the Houston and
      Cincinnati Lipid Research Clinics. The fundamental nutrient differences between
      blacks and whites were in total calories and in calories per kilogram of body
      weight, both of which were uniformly and significantly lower among black than
      white boys and generally, but less consistently and significantly, lower among
      black than white girls. No racial differences in total cholesterol or cholesterol
      intake per kilogram body weight were observed. After statistically controlling
      for education of the head of household, there were no consistent significant
      racial differences in Quetelet index. There was no significant independent effect
      of education of head of household on the children's caloric intake and racial
      differences in socioeconomic status did not appear to systematically account for
      differences in total energy intake. In aggregate, black children had lower
      triglyceride and very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and higher
      levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol than whites; there were no
      significant differences by race in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels.
      Race was a significant independent explanatory variable for high-density
      lipoprotein cholesterol levels (higher in blacks) and for very-low-density
      lipoprotein and triglyceride levels (higher in whites) (P less than 0.005), after
      covariance adjusting for education of head of household, sex, age, Quetelet
      index, calories, saturated fat (g/day/kg body wt), and clinic. Lower caloric
      intake among blacks compared with whites, the major nutrient difference in the
      current study, did not account for differences in lipoprotein cholesterol levels
      between the two groups.

PMID- 3405983
TI  - Smoking and lung cancer: risk as a function of cigarette tar content.
AB  - The hypothesis of reduction in lung cancer risk associated with the adoption of
      low-tar cigarettes was examined in a subset of subjects from a population-based,
      case-control study of incident primary lung cancer among New Jersey white men.
      Risk was related to time-weighted average tar levels of cigarettes smoked in 1973
      1980. Unadjusted estimates of risk were significantly low for the lowest tar
      (less than 14 mg/cig) smokers [odds ratio = 0.53 (0.29,0.97)] compared with the
      highest (21.1-28 mg/cig). However, adjustment by age and total pack-years
      rendered the risk reduction insignificant. Of note was the finding that cases who
      smoked low-tar cigarettes compensated for reducing tar by increasing the number
      of cigarettes they smoked by almost half a pack per day from the years 1963-1972
      to 1973-1980, while in the same period controls and high-tar cigarette smoking
      cases did not increase the numbers smoked.

PMID- 3405984
TI  - Independence of dysplastic nevi from total nevi in determining risk for
      nonfamilial melanoma.
AB  - In the determination of risk for melanoma, relatively little is known about the
      possible independence of two important predictors, total nevi and clinically
      dysplastic nevi. From a study conducted in Sydney, Australia [see J. J. Nordlund
      et al., Cancer Res. 45, 1855-1861 (1985)], 246 cases of melanoma (excluding 7% of
      targeted patients with a history of melanoma in a first-degree relative) were
      compared with 134 nonmelanoma controls. Participants had been examined by a
      dermatologist and an oncologist. Logistic regression analysis was used and
      included an age-sex interaction term in computing all estimates of relative risk
      in this report. Relative risk for melanoma in those with 16+ total nevi was
      significantly elevated at 1.8 but declined to a statistically nonsignificant
      level of 1.2 (95% confidence limit (CL): 0.7, 2.0) after adjustment for
      dysplastic nevi. In contrast, relative risk for melanoma in those with any
      dysplastic nevi was 7.6 (95% CL: 3.6, 16.0) but was maintained at a similarly
      elevated and statistically significant level of 7.7 (95% CL: 3.5, 17.1) after
      adjustment for total nevi. These patterns were even more evident in the younger
      half of the study population. The analyses suggest that much of the association
      between TN and nonfamilial melanoma is explained by the presence of dysplastic
      nevi and, conversely, they imply that dysplastic nevi represent a clinically
      distinct, qualitative disorder rather than simply a quantitative disorder wherein
      dysplastic nevi stem merely from an increase in total nevi. The dysplastic nevus
      syndrome accounts for 32% of all nonfamilial melanomas.

PMID- 3405985
TI  - Measurement of coffee and caffeine intake: implications for epidemiologic
      research.
AB  - Reported associations between coffee or caffeine intake and benign breast
      disease, cancers, and cardiovascular diseases have generally been weak and
      inconsistent. The apparent discrepancies in these studies might be attributable
      to imprecision in the measurement of coffee and caffeine intake. A study of a
      random sample of 2,714 U.S. adults disclosed considerable misclassification of
      total caffeine intake and, to a lesser extent, coffee intake when the estimates
      were limited to only the number of cups of coffee consumed. Adjustment for the
      following factors is recommended: amount of caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee
      consumed both on weekdays and on weekends; the size of the container used; the
      method used to brew caffeinated coffee; and the amount of caffeine imbibed from
      tea and soft drinks. Intake of coffee varied markedly between seasons of the year
      and over time. Random misclassification of coffee and caffeine intake would have
      the effect of obscuring dose-response relationships to disease incidence.

PMID- 3405986
TI  - Confounders contributing to the reported associations of coffee or caffeine with
      disease.
AB  - The role of caffeine or coffee in causing or promoting the incidence of serious
      disease is equivocal. Two design factors may account for the discrepancies in
      reported findings on the effects of coffee drinking: (a) imprecision of
      measurement and (b) confounding variables. A study of 2,714 white U.S. adults
      disclosed that, of 32 risk factors analyzed by linear and logistic regression,
      only sex and cigarette smoking were found to be important potential confounders
      of caffeine and coffee intake. Partial R2 values of the other 30 risk factors
      were relatively small and were inconsistent for each sex. It is unlikely that any
      of these factors could explain any of the reported associations between caffeine
      or coffee consumption and certain diseases. However, certain weak associations
      with caffeine or coffee intake should be included in the study design when they
      are known to be risk factors of a disease under investigation. These factors for
      men are dietary fat intake, vitamin C intake, and body mass index; and for women
      are vitamin use, alcohol intake, stress, and perceived health status.

PMID- 3405987
TI  - Prevalence of coronary heart disease risk factors in an urban black population:
      the Minnesota Heart Survey, 1985.
AB  - A cross-sectional study of a sample of Minnesota black urban residents was
      conducted in 1985 to develop cardiovascular risk profiles. Participants were
      evaluated during a home interview (N = 1,254, 78% participation) and a survey
      center visit (N = 1,052, 65% participation). Black men had significantly higher
      mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure than Black women (129.7/80.9 vs
      124.8/77.3, respectively). Age-specific values for systolic and diastolic blood
      pressure were greater in men than women for all age categories. Men were more
      likely to have uncontrolled hypertension or to be unaware of their hypertension
      than women in all age categories. Women had significantly higher mean total and
      high-density lipoprotein cholesterol values than men (202.1 and 56.1 mg/dl vs
      193.2 and 48.7 mg/dl, respectively). Age-specific values for total and high
      density lipoprotein cholesterol values were greater in women than men for all age
      categories except the 35-44 age group. Men were significantly more likely to be
      current cigarette smokers (43.3% vs 33.2%) and to have higher cigarette
      consumption per day (17 vs 14) than women. The major risk factors for
      cardiovascular disease (with the exception of smoking) were lower in the
      Minnesota study in 1985 than in the National Health and Nutrition Examination
      Survey in 1976-1980. These lower levels may also be a component in the decline of
      cardiovascular disease mortality rates among Blacks.

PMID- 3405988
TI  - Retrospective cohort mortality study of Roman Catholic priests.
AB  - In order to test the hypothesis that Roman Catholic priests are at low risk for
      prostatic cancer because of their celibacy, a cohort of 10,026 men who were
      active or retired diocesan (parish) Roman Catholic priests in the United States
      on January 1, 1949 were followed until death, leaving the priesthood, or January
      1, 1978. The overall standardized mortality ratio (SMR) was 103 and the SMR for
      cancer of the prostate was 81. Other interesting findings include increased SMRs
      for cancer of the larynx (147), cirrhosis of the liver (147), and diabetes (182)
      and decreased SMRs for lung cancer (59), emphysema (26), and suicide (13).

PMID- 3405989
TI  - A health assessment of older Americans: some multidimensional measures.
AB  - This study examined the relationships among self-reported health practices and
      self-reported health status variables for 126 older adults drawn from a
      population of senior center participants, homebound elderly, and nursing home
      residents. Canonical correlation was used to determine significant relationships
      among linear combinations of the health variable set and the health practices
      demographic data variable set. One significant canonical variate indicated that
      older adults who were more satisfied socially, free of or low in depression, had
      fewer or no physical disabilities, an internal locus of control, higher self
      esteem, and fewer or no symptoms of aging, also tended to report engaging in
      current and lifelong exercise, sleeping 7 or 8 hr per day, having a higher
      educational attainment, and being in the younger age group of elderly. Current
      health practices of older adults were related to important health status
      variables. This finding contradicts some earlier investigations and suggests that
      older adults are indeed appropriate targets for health education and health
      promotion activities.

PMID- 3405990
TI  - Increasing exercise among blue-collar employees: the tailoring of worksite
      programs to meet specific needs.
AB  - Despite increasing interest in worksite exercise programs, little attention has
      been focused on the blue-collar segment of the workforce. Because of their low
      participation in traditional exercise classes and programs, blue-collar workers
      at a university were targeted for an exercise program tailored specifically to
      their preferences and needs. Thirty-eight sedentary males employed in operations
      and maintenance shops on the university campus were evaluated with regard to
      their current exercise behavior, other health habits, and their preferred types
      of physical activity programs. A pre- and postprogram submaximal exercise test,
      weight, and blood pressure measurements were also completed on-site. Twenty-two
      men (23% of the total blue-collar population) subsequently participated in a 16
      week exercise program using an on-site parcourse, and incorporating such
      motivational strategies as public monitoring, intershop competition, and activity
      based incentives. Participation rates were substantially higher than those
      recorded for previous worksite exercise classes. Participants showed increases in
      fitness levels (P less than 0.0001) and decreases in weight (P less than 0.05)
      compared with nonparticipants. Suggestions concerning recruitment of such
      individuals into low-cost exercise programs and subsequent participation
      maintenance are discussed.

PMID- 3405991
TI  - Substance use and health among U.S. military personnel: findings from the 1985
      Worldwide Survey.
AB  - The relationship between substance use (alcohol, drugs, and tobacco) and health
      (health practices, number of illnesses, number of physician visits, and days
      hospitalized) was examined using data from the 1985 Worldwide Survey of Alcohol
      and Nonmedical Drug Use Among Military Personnel. Substance users, particularly
      heavy users, were less likely than nonusers to engage in health practices and
      were more likely to experience illness, physician visits, and hospitalizations.
      Significant effects on the number of illnesses were observed for heavy drinkers
      compared with abstainers, drug users other than marijuana only users compared
      with nonusers, and those who smoked one or more packs of cigarettes per day
      compared with nonsmokers. The potential of substance use programs in improving
      health status and health promotion programs in reducing substance use among
      military personnel is discussed.

PMID- 3405992
TI  - Studies on oral complications of head and neck cancer radiotherapy.

PMID- 3405993
TI  - Developmental dental aberrations in osteogenesis imperfecta. A clinical,
      radiographic, histological and immunohistochemical study.

PMID- 3405994
TI  - Malaria immunology.

PMID- 3405995
TI  - Biologically active ether lipids.

PMID- 3405996
TI  - CIGMA as a tool in the study of NIDDM.

PMID- 3405997
TI  - Advances in neuroblastoma research 2. Proceedings of the fourth symposium.
      Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, May 14-16, 1987.

PMID- 3405998
TI  - N-myc: studies on gene amplification/expression and the development of a non
      isotopic technique for gene mapping.

PMID- 3405999
TI  - The neu gene in 4 human neuroblastoma cell lines.

PMID- 3406000
TI  - Human neuroblastoma metastases in a nude mouse model: tumor progression and onc
      gene amplification.

PMID- 3406001
TI  - Developmentally regulated genes in neuroblastoma.

PMID- 3406002
TI  - Sensitive detection of rare metastatic human neuroblastoma cells in bone marrow
      by two-color immunofluorescence and cell sorting.

PMID- 3406003
TI  - Biological classification of cell lines derived from human extra-cranial neural
      tumors.

PMID- 3406004
TI  - Induction of catecholamine fluorescence in human neuroblastoma cell lines
      transplanted into nude mice.

PMID- 3406005
TI  - Biological characteristics of N-myc amplified neuroblastoma in patients over one
      year of age.
AB  - 1. A genomic amplification of N-myc of neuroblastoma was frequently observed in
      patients in the advanced stage of the disease, in those with the tumor
      originating from the suprarenal region, and in those with a histologically
      undifferentiated neuroblastoma. Thus, N-myc may be one of the most pertinent
      prognostic factors of neuroblastoma in patients over one year of age. 2. The
      neuroblastoma patient with 1-10 copies of N-myc responded to aggressive
      multidisciplinary therapy, even those over one year of age. 3. Rapid invasion and
      progression of the tumor was evident in children with more than 10 copies of N
      myc. 4. N-myc amplification may correlate with immaturity of catecholamine
      metabolism of neuroblastoma.

PMID- 3406006
TI  - 5-Bromo-2'-deoxyuridine induces S 100 protein in human neuroblastoma cells in
      culture.

PMID- 3406007
TI  - Neuroblastoma genes in Drosophila and hereditary suppression of tumor development
      by gene transfer.

PMID- 3406008
TI  - Distinctive membrane phenotypes of neuroblastoma cells and fetal neuroblasts by a
      panel of monoclonal antibodies.

PMID- 3406009
TI  - Biological significance of HLA-A,B,C expression in neuroblastoma and related cell
      lines.
AB  - In these studies, strong HLA-A,B,C or b2-m expression was not detected in any
      stage of development of normal neurons. These included regenerating cells of the
      olfactory epithelium, developing neural tissue in the mouse embryo, and normal
      adult brain. Nor was an obligatory role for HLA-A,B,C or b2-m revealed by in
      vitro analysis of a growing neuroblastoma cell line.

PMID- 3406010
TI  - Expression of N-myc by neuroblastomas with one or multiple copies of the
      oncogene.

PMID- 3406011
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies as probes for beta-D-N-acetylglucosaminide alpha 1---
      3fucosyltransferase in human neuroblastoma.

PMID- 3406012
TI  - Effect of cytosine arabinoside on the growth and phenotypic expression of GI-ME
      N, a new human neuroblastoma cell line.
AB  - Cytosine-arabinoside (ARA-C) effects on a new human neuroblastoma cell line (GI
      ME-N), recently established in our laboratory, have been extensively tested. Low
      doses of ARA-C allowing virtually 100% cell viability induce morphological
      differentiation and growth inhibition; differentiated cells appear larger and
      flattened with elongated dendritic processes; such cells appeared within 48 hours
      after a dose of ARA-C as low as 0.1 microgram/ml. The new morphological aspect
      reached the maximum expression after 5-6 days of culture being independent of the
      addition of extra drug to the culture. A decrease in (3H)-thymidine incorporation
      was also observed within 48 hours being the cell growth completely inhibited at
      the 6th day. Membrane immunofluorescence with specific monoclonal antibodies
      showed several dramatic changes in NB-specific antigen expression after 5 days of
      treatment with ARA-C. These findings suggest that low ARA-C doses promote the
      differentiation of GI-ME-N neuroblastoma cells resulting in an altered expression
      of the malignant phenotype.

PMID- 3406013
TI  - Evidence for reverse transformation in multidrug-resistant human neuroblastoma
      cells.

PMID- 3406014
TI  - N-myc protein expression in small round cell tumors.

PMID- 3406015
TI  - International criteria for diagnosis, staging and response to treatment in
      patients with neuroblastoma.

PMID- 3406016
TI  - Mass screening for neuroblastoma in infancy. The Japanese Mass Screening Study
      Group of Neuroblastoma.

PMID- 3406017
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies to the small round cell tumours of childhood: an
      international workshop.

PMID- 3406018
TI  - Bone marrow metastases in children's neuroblastoma studied by magnetic resonance
      imaging.
AB  - Forty-one patients (pts) presenting with a neuroblastoma underwent 52 MRI to
      detect bone marrow metastases. Mean age was 4 years. Acquisitions were done with
      a 1.5 tesla unit. T1 and T2 weighted images were obtained in coronal (legs and
      pelvis) and sagittal (dorso-lumbar spine) sections. In 13 cases MRI was performed
      for initial staging, in 30 during the follow-up. 43/52 examinations were
      evaluable. Out of 24 anatomically proven medullary involvement (19 pts), MRI
      showed focal abnormal signals in 23 (18 pts): foci hypersignal in T2 weighted
      images and hyposignal in T1 weighted images compared to the normal bone marrow
      (BM) and fat tissue. The lesions were more often detected in lower limbs than
      dorso-lumbar vertebral body or iliac bone. Nineteen examinations were performed
      in 15 pts with cytologically and histologically normal BM. MRI raised suspicion
      of BM metastases in 5 pts (7 MRI). Out of those 5 pts, 1 (2 MRI) had BM relapse 9
      months later; 1 (2 MRI) had intra cranial relapse 6 months later; 1 (1 MRI) is
      disease free 1 1/2 year later; the follow-up is too short for 2 remaining pts (2
      MRI). MRI's specificity was 88.9% and sensitivity 84.4%.

PMID- 3406020
TI  - Characterization of human neuroblastoma cell lines that lack N-myc gene
      amplification.

PMID- 3406019
TI  - Elevation of lumbar cerebrospinal fluid catecholamine metabolites in patients
      with cranial and/or intracranial metastatic neuroblastoma.

PMID- 3406021
TI  - Kinetics of very high-dose cisplatin in stage IV neuroblastoma.

PMID- 3406022
TI  - Iodine 131 labeled GD2 monoclonal antibody in the diagnosis and therapy of human
      neuroblastoma.

PMID- 3406023
TI  - MIBG-treatment in neuroblastoma; experiences of the Tubingen/Frankfurt group.
AB  - 27 children with neuroblastoma were treated with 131I-Metaiodobenzylguanidine
      (MBIG). They were either refractory to conventional therapy or experienced
      relapse after initially successful treatment. 7 children revealed stage IV and 20
      stage III at the beginning of MIBG-treatment. MIBG was administered by infusion
      lasting from 30 min to 30 hrs. In most children the dose was split into two
      portions each infused over a period of 4 hrs with a 24 hrs interval between.
      Courses were repeated up to 6 times and maximum activity given to one patient
      cumulatively was 38,221 MBq. 24 patients were evaluable for analysis of results.
      In 4 children (16.7%) a CR was observed, in 10 (41.7%) a PR, in 5 (20.8%) a
      disease stabilization and 5 were nonresponders. The 4 CR-patients were initially
      stage IV. 3 of them were treated in addition by bone marrow transplantation
      (bmt), one by further chemotherapy. 3 died of a relapse, 1 of complications from
      bmt. 5 of the 10 PR-patients died of tumor progression, 3 achieved a CR by
      additional chemotherapy, 1 a PR by bmt and 1 stays in PR without further
      measures. 2 of the 5 children with a disease stabilization were the first treated
      patients to whom a fairly low dose was given. In 3 of the 5 nonresponders no
      uptake of MIBG was observed; they died from tumor progression. 1 of the 2
      nonresponders with uptake died of graft-versus-host disease after bmt, 1 other
      also of tumor progression. Duration of remission was between 1 and 12 months and
      depended upon uptake and dose of MIBG, interval between administrations and
      individual tumor behaviour. Side effects were seen as marked bone marrow
      depression; this was reversible in any case and we did not loose a patient due to
      MIBG-induced leuko- or thrombopenia. In cases of severely ill children we
      observed a very fast and dramatical amelioration in clinical conditions. With
      this method even in neuroblastoma relapse and in nonresponders complete
      remissions are achievable. Important is the intensification of the therapeutical
      effect by additional chemotherapy or in combination with bmt. For a definitive
      evaluation further investigations are necessary to optimize therapeutic
      strategies.

PMID- 3406024
TI  - Side effects of treatment with I-131-meta-iodobenzylguanidine (I-131-MIBG) in
      neuroblastoma patients.

PMID- 3406026
TI  - N-myc protein expression by neuroblastoma cells that have metastasized to bone
      marrow.

PMID- 3406025
TI  - Analysis of a novel locus frequently co-amplified with N-myc in human
      neuroblastoma.

PMID- 3406027
TI  - Oxidases and related redox systems. Proceedings of the 4th international
      symposium. Portland, Oregon, October 4-8, 1987.

PMID- 3406028
TI  - Preferred sites and pathways for electron transfer in blue copper proteins.
AB  - Long-range electron transfer reactions proceed within and between metalloproteins
      at relatively fast rates and with marked specificities. The blue single copper
      proteins are well known electron carriers with their redox center being of
      limited accessibility to solvent and solutes. The question of where and how
      electrons are transferred to and from the copper-ion have been investigated. One
      experimental approach developed in order to pursue these problems is that of
      reductively labeling several representative, yet structurally distinct blue
      single copper proteins; azurin, plastocyanin, and stellacyanin with chromium
      ions. In all three cases, a substitution inert Cr(III)-adduct is formed when the
      oxidized protein is reduced by Cr(II)ag ions. In azurin, Cr(III) binds to the Glu
      91 carboxylate approximately 10 A from the copper center. In both plastocyanin
      and stellacyanin the Cr(III) label is most probably also coordinated to
      carboxylate groups, present in plastocyanin, and in stellacyanin 12 A and 6 A,
      respectively, from the copper center. The salient feature emerging from
      examination of the three copper proteins is that a pi-facilitated electron
      transfer (E.T.) pathway may be operative; in azurin, E.T. proceeds via an
      extended imidazole ring system, and in plastocyanin and stellacyanin via a weakly
      coupled pi-system. Therefore, a case emerges for suggesting that this is the
      common feature of the long-distance intramolecular E.T. in this class of
      metalloproteins. These pathways are most probably a regulatory alternative to the
      E.T. site recognized at the exposed, "Northern" imidazole coordinated to copper
      in all these proteins.

PMID- 3406030
TI  - Structure of arthropodan hemocyanin.
AB  - The X-ray structure of spiny lobster deoxy-hemocyanin has been determined at 3.2
      A resolution. This oxygen-carrying type III copper protein is a hexamer with a
      molecular weight of approximately 460,000. Each subunit is folded into three
      domains, of which the structure is qualitatively described. The oxygen binding
      dinuclear copper site is located in the second domain. Each copper is surrounded
      by three histidines. An analysis of inter subunit contacts shows that the
      hemocyanin hexamer is best described as a trimer of dimers. Available amino acid
      sequence and electron microscopy data suggest that the polypeptide architecture
      of spiny lobster hemocyanin is common to all arthropodan hemocyanins.

PMID- 3406029
TI  - Preliminary X-ray crystal structure and partial cDNA-sequence of ascorbate
      oxidase from zucchini.

PMID- 3406031
TI  - Hydride vs. electron transfer in the oxidation of NADH model compounds.

PMID- 3406032
TI  - Direct electrochemical probes of redox protein and redox enzyme structure and
      function.
AB  - The direct electrochemistry of redox proteins has been achieved at a variety of
      electrodes, including modified gold and pyrolytic graphite. Careful design of
      electrode surfaces and electrolyte conditions are required for the attainment of
      rapid and reversible protein-electrode interaction. Protein-protein complexes can
      be studied by using selective electrode surfaces. The "well-behaved"
      electrochemistry of redox proteins can be exploited by coupling the electrode
      reaction to enzymes for which the redox proteins act as cofactors. The electron
      transfer reactions of more complex systems, such as redox enzymes, are now being
      examined.

PMID- 3406033
TI  - Protonation of the ferryl and oxy- forms of horseradish peroxidases A and C.

PMID- 3406034
TI  - Structure and function of vanadium-containing bromoperoxidases.
AB  - The properties of the vanadium-containing bromoperoxidases from the seaweeds
      Ascophyllum nodosum, Laminaria saccharina and the lichen Xanthoria parietina were
      studied. Upon reduction with sodium dithionite, these bromoperoxidases show EPR
      spectra which are typical of a vanadyl cation (VO2+). From the spectral
      parameters and a comparison with inorganic vanadyl complexes, we conclude that
      the ligand environment largely consists of oxygen donors. The data also show that
      the structure of the active sites in these enzymes is very similar. Since EPR
      spectra of vanadium(IV) bromoperoxidase are only obtained after reduction, the
      metal ion is present in the native enzymes in the 5+ oxidation state. All these
      enzymes loose their enzymic activity upon dialysis against citrate-phosphate
      (PO4(3-)) buffer at pH 3.8, containing EDTA. The brominating activity could be
      reconstituted by the addition of vanadate (VO4(3-)). The experiments suggest that
      vanadate is incorporated into these enzymes. In line with the EPR data, we
      propose a structure of the active site in which at least 4 oxygen atoms are
      present as donors for the central vanadium(V) ion. Since several inorganic
      peroxovanadium(V) complexes have been described, we suggest that the vanadium ion
      in bromoperoxidases serves as a binding site for H2O2. Upon subsequent binding of
      bromide this ion is oxidized by the peroxo-intermediate to form hypobromite. This
      model does not require valence state changes of the metal ion itself and indeed
      no changes in the EPR spectrum of reduced bromoperoxidase are observed upon
      addition of H2O2 or Br-. Further, bromoperoxidase reduced with a small excess of
      sodium dithionite is not active in the bromination reaction. The bromoperoxidases
      from the various sources show similarity in the amino-acid composition with a
      predominance of acidic amino acids. Distinct pH optima are observed in the
      bromination reaction catalysed by the bromoperoxidases. Despite the presence of
      the same prosthetic group in these enzymes with comparable vanadium ligand-field
      environment, the enzymic properties are very different. The specific activity as
      well as the Km for bromide differ greatly. Unlike the enzymes from the seaweeds
      A. nodosum and L. saccharina the bromoperoxidase from the lichen X. parietina is
      inhibited by low concentrations (1-5 mM) of nitrate. These bromoperoxidases have
      a remarkable resistance towards organic solvents such as methanol, ethanol and
      propanol.

PMID- 3406035
TI  - Role of cytochrome P-450 in hydrocarbon formation from xenobiotic and lipid
      hydroperoxides.
AB  - Cytochrome P-450 has recently been found to catalyze the reductive cleavage of
      both xenobiotic hydroperoxides and biologically occurring lipid hydroperoxides.
      In a reconstituted enzyme system containing phenobarbital-inducible P-450 form 2,
      NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase, and NADPH, the corresponding alcohols are not
      produced, but instead carbonyl compounds and hydrocarbons. In the following
      equation for the reaction, X represents any of a variety of alkyl groups and R
      and R' are either hydrogen or alkyl groups, of which only methyl has been studied
      so far: XRR'C-OOH + NADPH + H+----XRCO + R'H + H2O + NADP+ The products derived
      from cumyl, alpha-methylbenzyl, benzyl, and t-butyl hydroperoxides as well as 13
      hydroperoxy-9,11-octadecadienoic acid indicate that the reaction involves
      stepwise one-electron transfer, resulting in homolysis of the peroxide oxygen
      oxygen bond. The alkoxy radical thus generated undergoes beta-scission to yield
      the carbonyl compound and an alkyl radical that is reduced to the alkane. As
      predicted by this radical mechanism, when the reductive cleavage of cumyl
      hydroperoxide was carried out in D2O, deuteromethane was formed.

PMID- 3406036
TI  - A unique deuterium/proton exchange during cytochrome P-450 mediated expoxidation
      of propene and butene.
AB  - A cytochrome P-450 LM2 reconstituted system mediated expoxidations of small
      terminal alkenes to the corresponding alkyloxiranes. This oxidation was
      accompanied by a stereoselective proton exchange of the E proton. Propene was
      oxidized in D2O to trans-3-deuterio-2-methyloxirane, and E-1-deuteriopropene was
      epoxidized in H2O to methyloxirane. Thus, oxidation occurred with complete
      exchange. The epoxidation of 1-butene in D2O generated a mixture of 86%
      ethyloxirane and 14% E-3-deuterio-2-ethyloxirane. Reaction of E-1-deuterio-1
      butene produced 10-30% ethyloxirane and 70-90% trans-3-deuterio-2-ethyloxirane.
      Larger terminal alkenes in the homologous series did not undergo such an
      exchange. A mechanism involving formation of organoiron porphyrin intermediates
      is proposed. Stereoselective deprotonation by a basic amino acid residue
      producing an iron carbene complex is proposed as the mechanism of exchange with
      water.

PMID- 3406038
TI  - Evolution of the P450 gene superfamily.
AB  - A P450 gene nomenclature system has recently been proposed on the basis of
      divergent evolution of distinct families and subfamilies among eukaryotes and
      prokaryotes. At present, eleven gene families have been described, eight of which
      exist in all mammals. The current number of P450 genes in each species is
      believed to reflect, at least in part, selective advantages as animals and plants
      have struggled for coexistence during the last 1 billion years. It is likely that
      P450 genes will also be found in archaebacteria, as well as most or all
      eubacteria and eukaryotes. Using Wu-Kabat analysis, we propose regions of the
      P450 protein involved in membrane attachment, flavoprotein-binding, heme-binding,
      and substrate specificity. The invariant amino acid sequence (F**G***C*G in the
      heme-binding region) is unique to the fifty P450 proteins characterized to date
      and is not found in any of the more than 5,430 other proteins presently in the
      database. The regulatory trans-acting protein factors and their associated
      upstream cis-acting DNA elements of the orthologous mouse, rat and human P450A1
      gene are complex but appear to be highly conserved during the 80 million years
      since the mammalian radiation.

PMID- 3406037
TI  - Some enzymatic vagaries of a bovine adrenal microsomal cytochrome P-450
      introduced and expressed in transformed monkey kidney cells.
AB  - The present studies illustrate the ability to carry out kinetic measurements of
      steroid hydroxylation using a cytochrome P-450 expressed in a tissue culture cell
      system. For these experiments a single species of cDNA, incorporated into a
      suitable expression vector, has been introduced via transfection. A number of
      interesting preliminary observations have been made on the function of the
      cytochrome P-450 associated with adrenocortical microsomes which catalyses the 17
      hydroxylation of progesterone and pregnenolone. In confirmation of earlier
      reports the adrenal 17-OHase possesses both 17-hydroxylase as well as C17,20
      lyase activities. However, the latter is only functional with 17-OH pregnenolone
      and not with 17-OH progesterone as substrate. This result differs from the
      numerous reports that a lyase activity for both substrates is associated with
      this P-450. The reason for this difference between a delta 4 and a delta 5
      steroid remains unresolved although initial experiments indicate that the 5-alpha
      reduced progesterone is a suitable substrate for both the 17-OHase as well as
      lyase reactions. This result suggests an inhibitory effect of the delta 4 double
      bond preventing the carbon-carbon cleavage of the C-17,20 bond in 17-OH
      progesterone. Clearly more experiments will be required to resolve this question.
      Measurements of substrate affinity for the cytochrome P-450 expressed in COS
      cells appears to be influenced by a permeability barrier to the steroid effecting
      the transport of the steroid across the cell membrane into the cells. This
      conclusion is suggested by the presence of a time lag before the onset of
      metabolism as well as by the discrepancy in the concentration of substrate
      required to give half-maximal rates of metabolism, cf. the results obtained where
      the initial concentration of progesterone present in the reaction medium is
      altered versus those experiments measuring the kinetics of substrate depletion.
      The presence of such a barrier to the free movement of steroid across the
      membrane is interesting to contemplate when considering the build up of 17-OH
      pregnenolone required for the lyase reaction. Most unexpected where the results
      obtained when a comparable expression vector containing the cDNA for cytochrome
      b5 was cotransfected with pCD17 alpha 2. Cytochrome b5 has been postulated to be
      an electron transfer component participating in the cyclic function of some
      cytochromes P-450 (Hildebrandt and Estabrook, 1971).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400
      WORDS)

PMID- 3406039
TI  - Prostaglandin F synthetase, a dual function enzyme.

PMID- 3406040
TI  - Immobilization of catalytically active thromboxane synthase.
AB  - Thromboxane synthase has been immobilized on phenyl-Sepharose beads by
      adsorption. The immobilized enzyme is catalytically active and has a slightly
      lower apparent Km for PGH2 than the detergent-solubilized enzyme. However, both
      imidazole- and pyridine-based inhibitors are equally effective in inhibiting the
      immobilized and solubilized enzyme preparations. Although the immobilized enzyme
      appears to be less stable than the solubilized enzyme it is sufficiently stable
      to be used as a model for studying the properties of the enzyme.

PMID- 3406041
TI  - Use of a novel peptide leukotriene receptor antagonist, Ly-163443, in splanchnic
      artery occlusion shock.
AB  - We studied the effects of LY-163443, a novel selective receptor antagonist of
      LTD4 and LTE4, in splanchic artery occlusion (SAO) shock. LY-163443 antagonized
      the bronchoconstrictor effect of LTD4 given intravenously to anesthetized rats.
      Anesthetized rats subjected to total occlusion of the superior mesenteric and the
      celiac arteries for 40 minutes developed a severe shock state usually resulting
      in a fatal outcome within two hours after release of the occlusion. SAO shock
      rats pre-treated with LY-163443 before the occlusion of the splanchnic arteries
      maintained post-release MABP at significantly higher values compared to rats
      receiving either the vehicle or LY-163443 as a post-treatment 15 min after
      occlusion (final MABP 96 +/- 8 vs 51 +/- 1, p less than 0.01 and 53 +/- 3, p less
      than 0.01, respectively). Pre-treatment with LY-163443 attenuated the release of
      the lysosomal hydrolase, cathepsin D (p less than 0.01 from vehicle and p less
      than 0.05 from post-treatment groups), and the plasma accumulation of free amino
      nitrogen compounds (p less than 0.05 from vehicle). Furthermore, the plasma
      activity of a myocardial depressant factor (MDF) was significantly lower in the
      pre-treatment group than in the vehicle group (27 +/- 3 vs 51 +/- 6 U/ml, p less
      than 0.01). SAO shock rats pretreated with LY-163443 also exhibited significantly
      higher survival rates (p less than 0.01 from vehicle and post-treatment groups),
      and prolonged survival times (p less than 0.01 from vehicle and post-treatment
      groups).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3406042
TI  - The effect of temporary hypoxia on prostaglandin synthesis in mouse brain cell
      cultures during development.
AB  - Cultures of dissociated brain cells of new born mice represent a model for the
      study of brain development. One and two weeks old, they correspond in regard to
      oligodendrocyte differentiation to about the developmental stage of a human
      newborn and a six months old infant respectively. Such cultures were used to
      establish the developmental prostaglandin pattern and to study early and late
      recovery of prostaglandin synthesis from temporary hypoxia. Basal and bradykinin
      stimulated prostaglandin release were examined. Most prominently in stimulated
      release, the developmental prostaglandin pattern at one week showed a prevalence
      of PGE2 (33 +/- 4%) over PGD2 (12 +/- 5%), which in two weeks old cultures
      changes to an opposite distribution (PGE2 10 +/- 4%; PGD2 25 +/- 6%). This change
      goes parallel with the number and differentiation of oligodendrocytes. During the
      first day post hypoxia, imposed at the end of one week, the production of 6 oxo
      PGF1 alpha, PGE2, PGD2 and TXB2 was significantly decreased in two study series
      and increased compared to control in another. Since the arachidonic acid uptake
      was the same in all three series, this differential observation indicates
      differential early recovery. 8 days post hypoxia (late recovery), PG release was
      not different from control, indicating complete recovery at that time. During
      early recovery from hypoxia on 14 days old cultures, basal PG release was not
      significantly different from control, however bradykinin stimulated release was
      significantly inhibited in all three series. This may indicate that mainly
      regulatory influences on PG release in older cultures are compromised by
      hypoxia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3406043
TI  - 12-Lipoxygenase activity in human uterine cervix.
AB  - Homogenates prepared from sections of human uterine cervix or endometrium were
      incubated with [1-14C]arachidonate and the products examined by radio-TLC. A
      major product chromatographing with 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE),
      and a number of more polar metabolites which were unaffected by 50 microM
      indomethacin but decreased to the same extent as 12-HETE by 50 microM
      nordihydroguaiaretic acid, were demonstrated by this technique. The addition of
      glutathione to the incubation mixture increased the production of 12-HETE, with a
      proportional decrease in the polar products. There was a large variation in 12
      lipoxygenase activity measured in different cervix samples. The levels of the
      enzyme in the cervix were similar in two groups of uterine samples classified by
      the histological appearance of the endometrium as proliferative and secretory.
      However activity was significantly lower in samples taken from post-menopausal
      patients compared with pre-menopausal patients.

PMID- 3406044
TI  - Minoxidil does not possess androgenic activity.
AB  - Minoxidil is a potent antihypertensive vasodilator. One of the side effects of
      minoxidil is hirsutism. Therefore the hypothesis was tested whether minoxidil has
      androgenic effects. The weights of seminal mice vesicles, organs with a high
      sensitivity to androgens, are widely used as a sensitive bioassay for testing
      androgenic activity. Our results demonstrated that minoxidil in relatively high
      doses did not produce any significant changes in the weight of seminal vesicles
      of castrated mice. We conclude that minoxidil in this experimental model does not
      have any androgenic properties.

PMID- 3406045
TI  - Potentiation of the anti-lipolytic effect of 2-chloroadenosine after chronic
      caffeine treatment.
AB  - The effect of chronic caffeine treatment on lipolysis in rat epididymal adipose
      tissue was studied. There was a decrease in body weight, epididymal fat pad
      weight and mean adipocyte diameter in caffeine-treated rats when compared with
      control rats. No difference in adipocyte triglyceride content or mean adipocyte
      weight between control and caffeine-treated rats was observed. Lipolysis in
      adipocytes induced by adenosine deaminase (1 U/ml) decreased by 35% in caffeine
      treated rats. This was accompanied by a 2.5-fold increase in the anti-lipolytic
      potency of 2-chloroadenosine and an increase of adipocyte adenosine A1 receptor
      number.

PMID- 3406046
TI  - Protective effects of the thromboxane receptor antagonists BM 13.177 and BM
      13.505 against U 46619-induced sudden death in rats.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pharmacology and pharmacodynamics
      of the thromboxane receptor antagonists, BM 13.177 and BM 13.505, for prevention
      of U 46619-induced sudden death in anesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats. The
      injection of U 46619 (100 micrograms/kg i.v.) produced sudden death typically
      between 5 and 15 min. Administration of 0.01 mg/kg BM 13.505 (i.v.) 0.1 h prior
      to the U 46619 challenge did not protect against sudden death, while doses of
      0.03 mg/kg or greater protected completely (100% survival). A dose of 1 mg/kg BM
      13.505 afforded protection to 2 h but not to 24 h, while a single dose of 30
      mg/kg administered 24 h prior to the U 46619 challenge provided complete
      protection against the lethal event. Administration of BM 13.177 (30 mg/kg, i.v.
      or i.p.) blocked the effects of U 46619 when administered 0.1 h before the
      challenge, but not when given 2 or 3 h prior to the challenge with U 46619.
      Pretreatment with indomethacin did not block the effects of U 46619, indicating
      that formation of endogenous thromboxane does not play a major role in the lethal
      effects of U 46619, and that blockade of the lethal effects of U 46619 was
      specific for thromboxane receptor antagonists. These data demonstrate that BM
      13.177 and BM 13.505 prevented sudden death produced by the injection of U 46619.
      At comparable doses of 30 mg/kg, the duration of action for BM 13.505 was was
      significantly greater than for BM 13.177. These data suggest that BM 13.177 and
      BM 13.505 may be useful for the investigation of diseases where thromboxane is
      involved.

PMID- 3406047
TI  - Acute effect of indapamide on urine calcium excretion in nephrolithiasis and
      human essential hypertension.
AB  - The effects of indapamide (2.5 mg once a day) on urinary composition are reported
      in 20 patients (10 with recurrent calcium nephrolithiasis and 10 with essential
      hypertension) compared with 20 controls. Indapamide was well absorbed in every
      patient (mean plasma level at the steady state was 111 +/- 41 ng/ml) and its
      antihypertensive action was more pronounced in hypertensive than in normotensive
      patients. It lowered calcium excretion in 18/20 patients (mean fall on the 7th
      day of treatment: 53%) and raised the Mg/Ca ratio in 20/20 patients (mean
      increase on the 7th day: 167%). The effect on Ca2+ and Mg2+ excretion was not
      associated with a strong diuretic effect. During intravenous calcium loading
      (0.375 mmol/kg body weight) 6 normal subjects after a single oral dose of
      indapamide excreted less calcium, suggesting a direct renal hypocalciuric action
      by the drug. Indapamide could represent an alternative drug to thiazide diuretics
      in diseases with dangerous renal calcium losses, but long-term studies are
      needed.

PMID- 3406048
TI  - Bipolar patients taking lithium have increased dark adaptation threshold compared
      with controls.
AB  - Recent epidemiological studies of mania suggest that admissions correlate with
      length of day and sunlight. As well, seasonal affective disorder--a depression
      occurring in winter, is reported to respond to light therapy and it has been
      proposed that supersensitivity to light is a trait-marker of manic-depressive
      illness. Dark adaptation threshold (D.A.T.)--a measure of night vision--was
      assessed in 19 euthymic manic-depressive patients stabilized on lithium, and in
      19 drug-free healthy controls. The D.A.T. was significantly raised in the
      patients taking lithium. It is concluded that lithium induces subsensitivity to
      light.

PMID- 3406049
TI  - Adherence to lithium prophylaxis: I. Clinical predictors and patient's reasons
      for nonadherence.
AB  - Of a group of 133 patients given long-term prophylactic lithium treatment,
      approximately 25 percent discontinued the treatment prematurely within the first
      six months. Young male patients dominated in the nonadherent group. Clinically
      the nonadherent patients were characterized by having had an early onset of the
      illness, a large number of previous hospital admissions and a recent allocation
      to the diagnostic category of affective disorder. Furthermore, the presence of
      personality disorders and substance abuses characterized the nonadherent
      patients. Diagnostic grouping according to polarity did not allow for any
      distinction between the adherent and nonadherent patients. One half of the
      nonadherent patients mentioned the development of somatic side effects as their
      main reason for discontinuing the treatment. Psychological discomfort, such as
      development of concentration difficulties or impaired memory, was not stated as a
      reasons for discontinuation. One fourth of the nonadherent patients had their
      diagnoses, and consequently their treatment, changed by the physician in charge
      and one fourth neglected instructions and disregarded appointments.

PMID- 3406050
TI  - Recent trends in prescribing psychotropic drugs at a psychiatric university
      hospital (1981-84).
AB  - Analysis of the prescribing of psychotropic drugs in the psychiatric hospital of
      the Free University of Berlin revealed a slight decrease in the mean number of
      prescriptions to our patients over recent years. As a response to intensified
      psychopharmacological pretreatment the proportion of patients who had initially
      been treated drug-free (up to the 10th day after admission) rose steadily every
      year. The use of neuroleptics increased significantly, mainly due to increased
      prescriptions of this group of compounds to endogenous depressives. The use of
      benzodiazepines, however, decreased in all groups of patients. Simultaneous use
      of neuroleptics was a clear leader in the category of drug combinations. Low
      potent neuroleptics (i.e. perazine, clozapine), clomipramine, and the MAO
      inhibitor tranylcypromine were preferred increasingly in recent years; reduced
      prescription rates were found for haloperidol, clomethiazol, and metamizol. These
      changes may be related to an ongoing process of reevaluating benefits and risks
      of available treatments. The systematic updating of prescribing patterns is an
      essential tool for quality control of psychiatric pharmacotherapy.

PMID- 3406051
TI  - Treatment of impaired cerebral function in psychogeriatric patients with
      memantine--results of a phase II double-blind study.
AB  - Memantine was investigated in a phase II double-blind trial on 30 elderly
      patients by comparison with a placebo with the aid of several psychometric tests.
      It was found that vigilance, short-term memory, and concentration improve
      significantly under Memantine. It was also found that Memantine exerted a
      beneficial effect on psychiatric and neurological symptoms despite the presence
      of an organic psychosyndrome of many years' duration and multiple morbidity. The
      tolerance of the preparation was good in virtually all cases and a gradually
      increasing dosage is recommended. On the basis of these findings the authors
      assume that the therapeutic efficiency can be confirmed in a phase III trial.

PMID- 3406052
TI  - Discrimination of opiate dependence from opiate abstinence and methadone
      maintenance by use of the Derogatis scale.
AB  - A sample of opiate addicts from the Basle area followed over six years (1979
      1985) was in 1985 investigated concerning psychopathological features. Using the
      Derogatis scale significant differences between opiate abstinence and opiate
      dependence could be demonstrated. People still using opiates described themselves
      as being more obsessive, insecure, depressed, aggressive and anxious than people
      who had become abstinent from opiates. Patients in methadone maintenance were
      located in between. There were in addition significant differences between people
      living outside an institution and people being treated in therapeutic or penal
      institutions, but no differences between people from each kind of institution.

PMID- 3406053
TI  - Head phantom experiment and calculation for boron neutron capture therapy.
AB  - Head phantom experiments with various neutron beams and calculations were carried
      out in order to provide useful information for boron neutron capture therapy
      (BNCT). Thermal neutron beams for thermal neutron capture therapy were used for
      phantom experiments with various neutron collimator aperture sizes. The filtered
      beam neutrons of 24 and 144 keV generated with iron and silicon filters were also
      used to investigate the possible application of BNCT in the treatment of deep
      seated cancers. Thermal neutron fluence and induced capture gamma dose
      distributions within the phantom were calculated with a transport code DOT 3.5
      and compared with the experimental results. The results showed that the
      calculation used was consistent with the experimental results and provided useful
      information on BNCT. The filtered beam neutron may be very useful for the
      treatment of deep or widespread cancer, if there were a high power research
      reactor constructed for this purpose.

PMID- 3406054
TI  - An inverse filter for digital restoration of portal images.
AB  - Portal images obtained of patients during irradiation with high energy photon
      beams have a poor sharpness and contrast due to the physical limitations of the
      equipment forming these images. Consequently, improvement of the images is
      desirable. An inverse filter method was investigated for this purpose and values
      of the parameters of the filter have been determined for various clinical
      irradiation conditions. Data on the line spread function (LSF) were obtained from
      the image of a 0.2 mm wide slit between tungsten blocks that were positioned at
      the isocentre in front of a polystyrene phantom. Slit images were made in a 60Co
      beam and in a number of 8 and 16 MV x-ray beams with a copper screen-film
      detector. These images were made for various isocentre to detector distances,
      field sizes and phantom thicknesses. All slit images and a number of clinical
      images were digitised both with a TV camera system and a densitometer which were
      connected to a computer. The main factors that affect the LSF are the radiation
      source size and the isocentre to film distance. The photon energy had only a
      minor influence. The thickness of the phantom and the field size, however, did
      influence the contrast in the image and therefore they determined, together with
      the digitising system, the noise to signal ratio parameter of the inverse filter
      to a great extent. Application of the inverse filter improved significantly the
      visual appearance of anatomical details in the portal images. In addition to
      image restoration, the contrast was enhanced by the application of a low
      frequency cut-off filter.

PMID- 3406055
TI  - A portable reflectometer for the rapid quantification of cutaneous haemoglobin
      and melanin.
AB  - A portable reflectance instrument for the rapid quantification of cutaneous
      haemoglobin and melanin is presented. Light emitting diodes (LEDS) are used to
      illuminate the skin and a silicon photodiode to detect the light diffusely
      reflected from the surface. Reflectance measurements are made at only three
      wavelengths and the problems of pigment quantification consequent upon this are
      discussed. In addition to quantification of haemoglobin and melanin, qualitative
      information on the redox state of the blood may also be obtained. Measurements
      made on a port wine stain, which had been treated with 576 nm CW laser radiation
      at times between 1 and 6 months previously, provided information on the vascular
      response to this thermal injury. Despite the treated area visually appearing
      normal at 6 months post-treatment the measured levels of deoxygenated and total
      haemoglobin were still markedly higher than those in the adjacent uninvolved
      skin. The cutaneous pigment indices are insensitive to skin movement and almost
      all body sites are suitable for measurement.

PMID- 3406056
TI  - A software method of optimising a radiograph digitising system.

PMID- 3406057
TI  - Abstracts of proceedings: Clinical radiotherapy dosimetry. IPSM Radiotherapy
      Topic Group. 23 October 1987, London.

PMID- 3406058
TI  - [The Benelux Society of Phlebology. Eernewoude (The Netherlands), 13 June 1987.
      Proceedings].

PMID- 3406059
TI  - [Magnetic resonance in venous pathology].
AB  - After a brief and schematic reminder of the physical bases of I.R.M. in the study
      of blood vessels, the results and indications are presented in various venous
      territories: superior and inferior vena cava, hepatic, cerebral and peripheral
      veins. Venous and peri-venous diseases are simply emphasized. The advantages of
      the technique, multi-dimensional study without contrast nor radiation, are
      emphasized and compared with the drawbacks depending essentially on the cost and
      the length of the tests.

PMID- 3406060
TI  - [Venous angioscopy].
AB  - Vascular endoscopy, especially of the venous system, allows a tri-dimensional
      evaluation and represents, to date, the best possible per-operative control of
      the diameter of the vessel. Under these conditions, venous thrombectomy may be
      performed more accurately; residual adherent parietal thrombi which may represent
      a possible source of emboli, may be eliminated. Venous endoscopy may be repeated
      several times; it does not result in any X-Rays exposure for the patient and
      enables to diagnose finer morphological details. Therapeutic measures under
      direct vision could even become possible in the future.

PMID- 3406061
TI  - [The role of phlebography in pre and peri-surgical varicose veins].
AB  - The author has given up per-operative phlebography of varicose veins, since many
      years. It causes complications and is subject to errors of interpretation. Pre
      operatively, the conventional ascending phlebography is not justified. On the
      contrary, a selective dynamic phlebography is indicated before any procedure for
      venous insufficiency of the calf in order to specify the morphology and function
      and the external saphenous veins and veins to the gastrocnemius and the soleus.
      Selective phlebography is sometimes useful in case of recurrence of the varices.

PMID- 3406062
TI  - [Male impotence. Radiologic venous examinations].
AB  - A vascular pathology is the most common etiology of male impotence of organic
      origin and among these vascular problems, the most frequent are represented by
      the anomalies of the venous drainage. Based on a personal experience of more than
      450 radiological examinations, we will describe the techniques of cavernography
      and cavernometry as well as the effects of intra-cavernous injections of
      papaverin and we will present the results from the literature.

PMID- 3406063
TI  - [Neuropathic aspects of the diabetic foot].

PMID- 3406064
TI  - [The problem of the perforating veins].
AB  - Any obstacle slowing down or blocking the venous return, causes hypertension,
      then dilatation which destroys the valves of the perforating or muscular veins.
      The superficial veins become flooded. A symptomatic treatment with sclerosis or
      stripping is not sufficient. The valve is of crucial importance and varices
      represent a symptom indicating a snag in the venous return. The phlebologist's
      role is to look for and identify the snag as well as finding a treatment.

PMID- 3406066
TI  - [Femoral-popliteal by-pass by an internal saphenous vein graft].
AB  - Obstruction of the superficial femoral vein is, most of the time, secondary to
      atheroma. It is possible to correct it with a reconstructive procedure such as a
      by-pass. The results of 55 femoro-popliteal by-passes show that the mean age of
      the patients is between 50 and 60 years, that they are male, and often inveterate
      smokers. It is Fontaine's 2nd degree ischemia which is observed most of the time.
      The greater saphenous vein was always satisfactorily used. Three years after the
      procedure, the results of this venous autograft were studied and we noticed only
      four obstructions of the graft. These results seem related to higher fibrinogen
      levels, a defective heart condition, an insufficient diameter of the arteries
      receiving the graft. Only one leg amputation was performed at the level of the
      knee.

PMID- 3406065
TI  - [An improved technic for anastomosis of distal femoral arterial prostheses].

PMID- 3406067
TI  - [A differential volumetric analysis in intra- and extravascular recording of the
      lower extremities].

PMID- 3406068
TI  - [Cryotherapy as surgical debridement].

PMID- 3406069
TI  - [Orthopedic problems of the diabetic].

PMID- 3406070
TI  - [The diabetic foot. Round table].

PMID- 3406071
TI  - [Venous stasis caused by extrinsic compression of the popliteal area].
AB  - The authors present three clinical cases of venous compression of the popliteal
      area. They are two popliteal cysts and one tibial exostosis. A relatively
      frequent popliteal artery aneurysm and a few iatrogenic cases, complete the list
      of possible differential diagnoses. Ultrasonography seems to present definite
      advantages concerning its use and aiding phlebography, arteriography and
      arthrography in detecting a popliteal "mass" causing a proximal venous stasis.

PMID- 3406072
TI  - [Cockett's syndrome].

PMID- 3406073
TI  - [The use of the large saphenous vein in-situ in the treatment of ischemia of the
      leg and foot].

PMID- 3406074
TI  - [Stewart-Treves syndrome].

PMID- 3406076
TI  - [Acro-osteolysis].

PMID- 3406077
TI  - [Slowly healing post-traumatic leg ulcer].

PMID- 3406075
TI  - [3 diseases involved in venous pseudo-obstruction].

PMID- 3406078
TI  - [French Society of Phlebology. Medical imaging in phlebology. 24 October 1987,
      Paris. Proceedings].

PMID- 3406079
TI  - [Role of phlebography in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic venous
      insufficiency of the lower extremities. Introductory exposition].

PMID- 3406080
TI  - [The point of view of the medical phlebologist on phlebography in chronic venous
      insufficiency of the lower extremities].
AB  - In which cases does a medical phlebologist request a phlebography, and what type?
      What informations does phlebography provide and what consequences may be drawn
      regarding the therapeutic indications.

PMID- 3406081
TI  - [Venous physiology].

PMID- 3406083
TI  - [French Society of Phlebology. 11 December 1987, Paris. Proceedings].

PMID- 3406082
TI  - [AIDS in phlebology].

PMID- 3406084
TI  - [Secondary malignant degeneration of a postphlebitic ulcer].

PMID- 3406085
TI  - [Is phlebosuction possible?].
AB  - Phlebosuction is possible. It permits to increase the congruence between the
      venous wall and some surgical instruments. Phlebosuction cannulas currently allow
      "excision-thrombectomy" of a thrombosed varicose cord and some vein removals.

PMID- 3406086
TI  - [Self-retaining retractor for surgery of varices].

PMID- 3406087
TI  - [Complicated lymphatic lesions following extensive venous surgery. Various
      questions apropos of 2 cases].
AB  - In reference to two rather representative cases, the author describes an clinical
      picture consisting of repeated attacks evoking a masked erysipelas this type of
      attack, in a context of repeated or extensive venous surgery with incisions in
      the areas of projection of the lymph collectors must be the indication
      lymphography showing partial lesions of the lymphatic network. This implies that
      the etiology is the persistence of streptococci, in dead-end collectors and their
      occasional awakening. The treatment proposed, justified by frequent recurrences,
      their progressive aggravation and the possible risks for the general condition,
      must be, as in chronic streptococcal infections, penicillin V therapy in
      prolonged but continuous doses (500,000/day) associated with a thorough hygiene
      of the feet and a regularly worn elastic contention.

PMID- 3406089
TI  - [Vascular Pathology Society of Normandy. Deauville, 14 November 1987. Lymphedema
      of the legs]. Proceedings].

PMID- 3406088
TI  - [Saphenectomy by invagination over thread under local anesthesia (modified J. van
      der Stricht technic)].
AB  - The indications of classic stripping have decreased, in the past few years,
      because of the patients' reluctance for this type of treatment. These legitimate
      worries have encouraged the recent development of a new simple surgical
      techniques, using local anesthesia, and often unfortunately at the expense of
      effectiveness. This is especially true in case of essential varicose veins with
      valvular incompetency. The saphenectomy by invagination over thread, described by
      J. van der Stricht in 1962, combines a specific technical procedures
      (invagination) and systematic use of local anesthesia. This original concept in
      the surgical treatment of varicose veins responds very well, nowadays, to our
      concerns for effectiveness, safety, comfort and savings. The atraumatic nature of
      this procedure allows us to slightly modify the technic of local anesthesia which
      may be only be outlined along the saphenous vein.

PMID- 3406090
TI  - [Clinical aspects and etiology of lymphedema of the lower limbs in adults].
AB  - Classical lymphedema, more than the most frequent complications, is the clinical
      manifestation of decompensated lymphopathies of the lower extremities. These
      edemas are supra-aponeurotic and always completely painless, when isolated. There
      are three types:distal lymphedema occurring on congenital lymphopathy, the most
      frequent, with are sudden onset with lymphangitis, usually insidious,
      intermittent, soon characterized by fibrosing edema of the toes and the ankle.
      Proximal lymphedema secondary to iliac nodes blocking, rarely benign, most of the
      time malignant and/or iatrogenic (surgery and/or radiotherapy), predominantly at
      the origin of the thigh, respecting the foot. Post-traumatic hanging lymphedema
      after extended impairment of the superficial paths, most often transient.

PMID- 3406091
TI  - [Complementary examination on a swollen leg due to lymphatic involvement.
      Respective roles of functional exploration, conventional lymphography and isotope
      lymphography].

PMID- 3406092
TI  - [Diagnosis and complications of edema of the lower limbs].

PMID- 3406094
TI  - [The optimum choice between standard containment or precautions in lymphedema].

PMID- 3406093
TI  - [Medical and surgical therapies. Their respective indications in lymphedema].
AB  - The treatment of lymphedema, medical or surgical, remains a difficult one. Often
      seen at an advanced stage of the disease, the medical treatment can only
      stabilize the lesions. Among them, the coumarins, rutins, Centella asiatica
      extracts, procyanoside oligomers are the most prescribed. But prophylaxis of
      superimposed infections by antibiotics should not be omitted. As for diuretics,
      they must be prohibited. Hygienic and dietetic measures should be recommended. As
      for surgical treatments, they are numerous and rarely applied, whether it
      consists of the tacking technique or Degni's lymphovenous anastomosis. The latter
      may be considered in case of high lymphatic obstruction, especially at the
      inguinal level. Servelle's lymphangiectomy, very traumatic, is only exceptionally
      indicated.

PMID- 3406095
TI  - [Psychological approach in the treatment of lymphedema].

PMID- 3406097
TI  - [Compression in lymphedema].
AB  - The author discusses the indications and contraindication of compression. The
      study of auto-immune complexes in the circulating blood has shown a significant
      increase in lymphedema patients with erysipeloid inflammations and a definite
      increase, but less marked, in lymphedema patients without a past history of
      fever. Then, the compression values are studied in the 5 stages of the treatment
      of lymphedema by compression: elevation with Thuasne 18 bandages, Lymphapress and
      if necessary Tubing (always general anesthesia) limited to the leg. For the
      thigh, lymphatic "drainage" is recommended. Then comes the walking bandage (non
      elastic !). Once the edema has disappeared, elastic stockings (compression e.g.
      60 mm at the level of the malleolus) are custom made. Statistics of 57 cases,
      where the regular replacement of the stockings after 9 to 13 years was
      controlled, conclude the study.

PMID- 3406096
TI  - [Pressure therapy using a mercury bath. Indications, results].
AB  - In the scope of lymphatic and veno-lymphatic pathology, in order to soften the
      limbs with a maximum effectiveness so that the lymphatic structures will be more
      operational, this pressotherapy consists in using the properties of mercury, high
      density fluid, to realize a compressive and progressive, painless cast, adjusted
      to the form of the limb. Usually, the limb is placed vertically in a treatment
      tank where mercury is introduced, according to certain modalities; to reach
      variable and programmed levels. This preliminary study shows that the method,
      with good results ranging between 75 and 85 p. cent, is indicated in the
      treatment of all lymphedemas, the treatment of venolymphatic edemas, post
      phlebitic sequelae, treatment of hypodermatitis and persistent ulcers due to
      primary venous insufficiency or phlebitis sequelae (and even, with other
      protocols, in arterial pathology).

PMID- 3406098
TI  - [Therapy of chronic lymphedema of the limbs].

PMID- 3406099
TI  - [Principles and results of physiotherapeutic therapy in mechanical lymphatic
      insufficiency of secondary or primary nature].
AB  - The modern treatment of edemas in mechanical lymphatic insufficiency or
      lymphedema, combines the restarting of the remaining lymphatic system by manual
      lymphatic drainage, volumetric reduction by wrapping with bandages and exercise
      and maintaining the result by wearing a retention device. Intensive courses are
      necessary, followed by intercurrent course & sometimes a maintenance treatment.
      In view of the anatomico-functional deficit, all available armamentarium should
      be used in addition to the measures previously mentioned: hygiene measures,
      prescription of coumarin (Lysedem). Psychological care is of importance to
      motivate patients for long-term treatments, if good quality results are to be
      obtained. However, primary lymphedema seems to respond less favorably than
      secondary lymphedema.

PMID- 3406100
TI  - [The role of crenotherapy at Bagnoles-de-l'Orne in the treatment of lymphedema
      and perspectives in the creation of a lymphology center].
AB  - Because of its anti-inflammatory, anti-edematous, antalgic and softening role on
      sclerosed tissues, thermal springs and crenotherapy in Bagnoles-de-l'Orne, have
      always been used in the treatment of lymphedema. In order to improve the results
      obtained in thermal environment. A Lymphology Center will be created this year,
      which will be able to welcome patients in a hospital environment. Thus, for 3
      weeks, in addition to the care provided by the thermal institution, treatments
      often difficult to carry out on an ambulatory basis during the water cure
      (lymphatic drainage, Lymphapress, complete rest with day-time elastic-compressive
      bandage.

PMID- 3406101
TI  - [Therapeutic possibilities of venolymphatic disorders using thalassotherapy].
AB  - Venolymphatic pathology of the lower extremities represents a major part of the
      recruiting of a specialized thalassotherapy center, such as "Les Cures Marines de
      Trouville". The various treatments are adjusted according to each clinical case.
      The main techniques which are prescribed, include alternatively: active
      rehabilitation in sea-water pool at 34 degrees C; underwater showers and manual
      massages of the connective tissue; shower sprays; microbubbles; algi baths. The
      temperature of the baths and showers ranges between 32 and 35 degrees C. An
      example of the treatments administered in Trouville consists in underwater
      lymphatic drainage, performed by the physical therapist in a large tank, at
      minimum pressure. It begins with a symmetrical drainage of the trunk (or basic
      protocol), then drainage of the lymphedema, always starting at the root of the
      limb. Hygiene-dietetic rules are discussed in detail during the consultation. A
      fitted elastic bandage is prescribed at the end of the treatment.

PMID- 3406102
TI  - [Dynamic popliteal phlebography].
AB  - Since 1984, dynamic popliteal phlebography is an investigative fundamental
      technique in chronic venous insufficiency of the lower extremities. Our
      experience includes more than 2,500 examinations. After an anatomical reminder,
      the technique and methodology of this examination are described. Then its
      indications are specified: a) in essential varicose veins when a surgical
      procedure is contemplated in the popliteal fossa: insufficient external saphenous
      vein, insufficient gemellar veins, etc... b) before repeated surgery for
      essential varicose veins, c) in the pre-operative evaluation of some post
      phlebitic syndromes. Finally, the informations provided by this examination are
      compared with those provided by clinical examination, Doppler and
      ultrasonography.

PMID- 3406103
TI  - [Mechanical problems in cerebral venous circulation].
AB  - Generally speaking, the cerebral circulation is not well known. This lack of
      knowledge causes problems for the physicians nad here are two examples: 1)
      resistance of the cerebral circulation. It is an accepted fact that the blood
      flow in the brain is particularly rapid. Classical anatomical data and recent
      mechanical notions invalidate this statement. With an average speed in the veins,
      the blood cannot, in a given time, complete such a long and complex course. What
      hypothesis could be expressed to find a solution? 2) The physiological role of
      the spinal fluid. It is an accepted fact that the spinal fluid is only a
      protecting device of the nerve centers. Recent studies let to believe that it
      could also have a role in the regulation of the venous flow. There are other
      mechanical problems: what are the characteristics of the flow in the venous
      sinus? in the venous junctions? in the venous dilations? Although lesions of the
      venous cerebral circulation present clinical manifestations to which the vein
      specialists are not accustomed to, they cannot deny the fact that this is a
      familiar pathology.

PMID- 3406104
TI  - [Deep venous thrombosis in children due to consumption coagulopathy].

PMID- 3406105
TI  - [Hemicrania and vascular acrosyndromes--is there a correlation? Observations on
      739 patients].
AB  - The purpose of this article was to verify whether there was a clinical
      correlation between hemicrania - a pathological process for which a vasomotor
      component is advocated - and vascular acrosyndromes - above all, a vasomotor
      pathological process.

PMID- 3406106
TI  - [Manual lymphatic drainage in angiology].
AB  - Manual lymphatic drainage is an easy therapeutic method but it needs a high level
      of technical ability to be applied with success. In this way, this method gives
      really good results especially in congenital and acquired lymphedema, venous
      insufficiency, and some general diseases like headaches, colitis, etc...

PMID- 3406107
TI  - [Thermal angiography].

PMID- 3406108
TI  - Deactivation of singlet molecular oxygen by thiols and related compounds,
      possible protectors against skin photosensitivity.

PMID- 3406110
TI  - The photochemistry of 3-nitrobenzoyl and 4-nitrobenzoyl azides: possible reagents
      for photoaffinity labeling.

PMID- 3406109
TI  - Photofragmentation of phototoxic dibenzocycloheptadiene antidepressants.

PMID- 3406111
TI  - Hydroxystilbazoles and hydroxyazaphenanthrenes: photocyclization and fluorescence
      studies.

PMID- 3406112
TI  - Examination of the photokinetics of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine and
      deoxyribocytidine.

PMID- 3406113
TI  - Photolysis of phosphodiester bonds in plasmid DNA by high intensity UV laser
      irradiation.

PMID- 3406115
TI  - Type I and type II sensitizers based on Rose Bengal onium salts.

PMID- 3406114
TI  - A new biological target of furocoumarins: photochemical formation of covalent
      adducts with unsaturated fatty acids.

PMID- 3406116
TI  - Rose Bengal aggregation in rationally synthesized dimeric systems.

PMID- 3406118
TI  - Measurements of solar middle ultraviolet radiation in a desert environment.

PMID- 3406117
TI  - Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of UVA irradiation in Chinese hamster ovary cells
      measured by specific locus mutations, sister chromatid exchanges and chromosome
      aberrations.

PMID- 3406119
TI  - Possible long-term changes in biologically active ultraviolet radiation reaching
      the ground.

PMID- 3406120
TI  - Psoralen and the suppression of melatonin secretion by bright light.

PMID- 3406121
TI  - Structure and stability of gamma-crystallins--IV. Aggregation and structural
      destabilization in photosensitized reactions.

PMID- 3406122
TI  - Structure and stability of gamma-crystallins--V. Covalent and noncovalent protein
      protein interactions in photosensitized reactions.

PMID- 3406123
TI  - Red chemiluminescence from ram seminal vesicle microsomes: pitfalls in the use of
      spectrally resolved red chemiluminescence as a test for singlet oxygen in
      biological systems.

PMID- 3406124
TI  - Photochemical properties of erythrocyte ghosts containing porphyrin.

PMID- 3406125
TI  - Types I and II sensitized photooxidation of aminoacid by phthalocyanines: a flash
      photochemical study.

PMID- 3406126
TI  - The lowest excited triplet states of codeine and morphine and of their molecular
      subunits veratrole and guaiacol.

PMID- 3406127
TI  - A new electronic absorbance band in concentrated aqueous solutions of
      hematoporphyrin IX detected by photoacoustic spectroscopy.

PMID- 3406128
TI  - The fluorescence properties of ortho aminobenzoate anesthetics in define solvents
      and phospholipid vesicles.

PMID- 3406129
TI  - Fluorescence lifetime of acridine orange in sodium dodecyl sulfate premicellar
      solutions.

PMID- 3406130
TI  - Impaired of red cell membrane cytoskeleton by protoporphyrin-IX: light and dark
      effects.

PMID- 3406131
TI  - Biological activities of phthalocyanines--IX. Photosensitization of V-79 Chinese
      hamster cells and EMT-6 mouse mammary tumor by selectively sulfonated zinc
      phthalocyanines.

PMID- 3406132
TI  - Biological activities of phthalocyanines--X. Syntheses and analyses of sulfonated
      phthalocyanines.

PMID- 3406133
TI  - Isolation and characterization of a marsupial DNA photolyase.

PMID- 3406134
TI  - Fluorescence quantum yields and lifetimes for bacteriochlorophyll c.

PMID- 3406135
TI  - Direct detection of singlet oxygen sensitized by nalidixic acid: the effect of pH
      and melanin.

PMID- 3406136
TI  - A comparative analysis of the NMR relaxation times of two human colon cancer cell
      lines.
AB  - Two human colon cancer cell lines grown in tissue culture were found to have
      significantly different Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) relaxation times of
      water protons in the fresh, intact state and after fragmentation into subcellular
      fractions. Differences in the protein composition of the subcellular fractions
      were also demonstrated by protein analysis and gel chromatography. In further
      studies, these cell lines may be useful to investigate the biochemical basis for
      the disparity in relaxation times of water protons between tissues which
      constitutes the basis for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) tissue contrast.

PMID- 3406137
TI  - Dosimetry considerations in far field microwave exposure of mammalian cells.
AB  - A circulating water bath exposure system has been designed for in vitro
      radiofrequency radiation (RFR) exposure studies in the 915 to 2450 MHz range. A
      Styrofoam float, in which 10 T-25 plastic tissue culture flasks are embedded, is
      rotated at approximately 20 rpm in a Plexiglas water bath at a distance beneath a
      rectangular horn. The continuous circular rotation of the flasks is designed to
      "average out" the heterogeneity present in stationary flask exposures. The
      rotation also serves to prevent the establishment of chemical gradients in the
      medium within the flasks. Several factors have been demonstrated to affect the
      specific absorption rate (SAR) measured in the medium in the exposed flasks.
      These factors include: 1) the position of the exposure flasks relative to the
      long axis of the antenna horn; 2) whether the flasks are exposed while stationary
      or in rotation; 3) the volume of the medium contained in the flask; and 4) the
      depth in the medium in the flask at which temperatures for SAR calculation are
      measured. The presence of cells in the exposure flask (as attached monolayer or
      cell suspension) did not result in an SAR different from that measured in the
      same volume of medium without cells present.

PMID- 3406138
TI  - Distribution of erythrocyte in a model vessel exposed to inhomogeneous magnetic
      fields.
AB  - In order to investigate magnetic field effects on blood flow, changes in the flow
      of erythrocytes in a model branched vessel were observed in an inhomogeneous
      magnetic field. The magnetic field was applied perpendicular to the straight
      vessel before branching. When the suspension containing paramagnetic erythrocytes
      with high spin methemoglobin or deoxygenated hemoglobin flowed in the model
      vessel, the erythrocytes were attracted towards the stronger magnetic field (i.e.
      to the side branch) and an excess flow of erythrocytes to the side branch was
      detected. This excess flow of erythrocytes to the side branch was the highest at
      a hematocrit of about 5% for the suspension containing erythrocytes with high
      spin methemoglobin. In the case of mixed suspensions containing erythrocytes with
      high spin methemoglobin and oxygenated erythrocytes, the excess flow of
      erythrocytes to the side branch reached its maximum at the "partial hematocrit"
      for the paramagnetic erythrocyte of around 5% and remained nearly constant with a
      further increase of the "partial hematocrit." The effect of magnetic field
      decreased as the flow velocity increased. These results are explained with the
      paramagnetism of erythrocytes and with the assumption of a hydrodynamic
      interaction among erythrocytes which are pulled in the direction of the magnetic
      field. It is suggested that a strong inhomogeneous magnetic field is not totally
      negligible to the blood circulation.

PMID- 3406139
TI  - The bound water fraction and the HeLa cell cycle.

PMID- 3406140
TI  - Calorimetric analysis of sodium dodecylsulfate-chromatin interaction.
AB  - Microcalorimetric titrations of whole chromatin and histones with sodium
      dodecylsulfate were performed at pH 7 and 25 degrees C. Enthalpy variations at
      low detergent concentration (less than 0.02%) are much more negative for histones
      than for chromatin. At 0.065% sodium dodecylsulfate the difference between the
      two curves becomes constant and, after correction for monomerization effects,
      amounts to +130 kcal/mol of nucleosomal unit. Core particles show heat effects
      similar to those of histones. These findings suggest that the chromatin structure
      is not stabilized exclusively by electrostatic interactions and that hydrogen
      bonds responsible for the additional stability may be contributed by non histone
      chromatin proteins.

PMID- 3406142
TI  - Role of 'cell type' in proton relaxation in normal and neoplastic lymph nodes
      characterized by pulsed NMR spectroscopy.
AB  - Pulsed NMR studies have been undertaken on malignant lymphomas. It has been
      observed that water proton spin-lattice relaxation times of lymph node tissues
      show increase in lymphnodes of Hodgkin's and Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma as compared
      to those in normal subjects. The T1 values of normal lymphnodes showed a range of
      200-300 msec, while the metastatic lymphnodes showed a range of 400-600 msec at
      20 MHz. These studies have brought out the importance of histopathological
      significance and the role of 'cell type' and biomolecules as a factor influencing
      water proton relaxation times. Further the relevance of the present in vitro
      studies to Magnetic Resonance Imaging of ex vivo images of normal and metastatic
      lymphnodes has become evident from some recent studies reported in normal and
      afflicted lymphnodes.

PMID- 3406143
TI  - Promotion of carcinogenesis mediated by the brain.

PMID- 3406141
TI  - An electronic mechanism in the action of drugs, ATP, transmitters and other
      cardinal adsorbents. II. Effect of ouabain on the relative affinities for Li+,
      Na+, K+, and Rb+ of surface anionic sites that mediate the entry of Cs+ into frog
      ovarian eggs.
AB  - Ouabain enhanced the inhibitory effects of Li+, Na+, and K+ on the rate of Cs+
      permeation into frog ovarian eggs while it reduced the inhibiting effect of Rb+.
      The data agree with earlier demonstrated effects of ouabain on the rank order of
      selective accumulation of the five alkali-metals in frog muscles and on the
      relative effectiveness of glycine, Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, and Cs+ in inhibiting the
      rate of entry of Cs+ into frog sartorius muscle. In all three cases, the ouabain
      behaved as an electron-donating cardinal adsorbent (EDC) causing a rise of the
      electron density (c-value) of the beta- and gamma-carboxyl groups in the cell
      cytoplasm (for selective accumulation) and on the cell surface (for selective ion
      permeation). Explanations based on the association-induction hypothesis were
      offered why an EDC like ouabain does not initiate cell activation (like
      veratridine does) and why Ca++ and tetradotoxin delays or inhibits physiological
      and artificial cell activation.

PMID- 3406144
TI  - Initiation of our second century.

PMID- 3406145
TI  - A look at the politics of research with animals: regaining lost perspective.

PMID- 3406146
TI  - View on animal rights that education will be the only solution to the problem.

PMID- 3406147
TI  - Role of the main olfactory system in recognition between individual spiny mice.
AB  - Recognition between spiny mice requires a period of exposure to learn the
      olfactory cues of individual conspecifics that can serve as recognition
      signatures in subsequent discrimination. Animals received nasal irrigations of
      zinc sulfate to disrupt sensory input to the main olfactory system (MOS) either
      prior to the 9-day exposure period (Experiment 1) or immediately after the
      exposure period (Experiment 2). Animals rendered anosmic by zinc sulfate did not
      show evidence of recognition as defined by huddling preferences. In contrast,
      animals who received irrigations of saline were able to preferentially huddle
      with their cagemate who they had been housed with during the exposure period. The
      results suggest that the MOS is necessary in mediating behavioral discrimination
      between conspecifics.

PMID- 3406148
TI  - The responsiveness of neurons in the insular gustatory cortex of the macaque
      monkey is independent of hunger.
AB  - (1) In order to determine whether the responsiveness of neurons in the insular
      gustatory cortex is influenced by hunger, neuronal activity was analysed in it
      while macaque monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were fed to satiety. The responses of
      single neurons in the insular gustatory cortex to the protypical taste stimuli
      glucose, NaCl, HCl and quinine HCl, and to fruit juice, were measured before,
      while, and after the monkey was fed to satiety with glucose or fruit juice. (2)
      While behavior turned from avid acceptance to active rejection upon repletion,
      the responsiveness of the neurons to the stimulus array, including the satiating
      solution, was unmodified. (3) It is concluded that in the insular gustatory
      cortex, neuronal responses to gustatory stimuli are not influenced by the normal
      transition from hunger to satiety. This is in contrast to the responses of a
      population of neurons recorded in the hypothalamus, which only respond to the
      taste of food when the monkey is hungry. Thus the neurons in the insular
      gustatory cortex are involved in a motivation-independent analysis of gustatory
      stimuli, whereas the hypothalamic neurons may be more closely related to the
      influence of motivational state on behavioral responsiveness to gustatory
      stimuli.

PMID- 3406149
TI  - Effect of bilateral ibotenic acid lesions in the basolateral amygdala on the sham
      feeding response to sucrose in the rat.
AB  - To investigate the role of the basolateral amygdaloid complex in the sham feeding
      response to sucrose, rats received bilateral ibotenic acid lesions of the
      basolateral complex and were equipped for sham feeding with implanted chronic
      gastric cannulas. Rats were also tested on different days with 2.5%, 5%, 10%, and
      40% sucrose. After 17 hours of food deprivation, bilateral, amygdaloid-lesioned
      rats sham fed significantly less 2.5% sucrose than sham operated (control) rats.
      After no deprivation, amygdaloid-lesioned rats sham fed significantly less 5%
      sucrose than control rats. Under both deprivation conditions, however, sham
      intake was a function of sucrose concentrations in both groups of rats and the
      sham feeding responses of lesioned and control rats to 10% and 40% sucrose were
      similar. These results demonstrate that cells in the basolateral amygdaloid
      complex are necessary for the normal sham feeding response to concentrations of
      sucrose less than 10%, but not for the response to higher concentrations of
      sucrose.

PMID- 3406150
TI  - Hyperbaric effects on sensorimotor reactivity studied with acoustic startle in
      the rat.
AB  - In three experiments, startle responses to brief intense tone-bursts (30 msec,
      110 dB, 6000 Hz) and single pulse (0.1 msec) stimulation of the cochlear nucleus
      and the nucleus reticularis pontis caudalis are studied under high pressures of
      heliox (from 0 bar to 50 bars) in the rat. For each rat (N = 12), mean amplitude
      and latency changes in startle responses (nuchal electromyography and whole-body
      accelerometry) are compared at normobaric pressure and during compression, at a
      speed of 100 bar/H. The results indicate that high pressures decrease (50% of
      control size) tone evoked startle by acting on the peripheral auditory organ,
      probably through middle and/or inner ear barotrauma. The large increases in
      electrically-elicited startle (250% of control size) from the cochlear and
      reticular nuclei, under hyperbaric conditions, suggest that high pressures affect
      sensorimotor reactivity by excitatory action on synaptic transmission in the
      relays of the acoustic startle reflex arc at the lower brainstem and spinal
      levels. Startle latencies remain unaffected by the heliox high pressures studied
      here.

PMID- 3406151
TI  - Zinc deficiency conditions food aversions in rats.
AB  - Zinc (Zn) deficiency is shown to condition aversion to the Zn-deficient diet.
      After development of a Zn deficiency syndrome during which consumption of the
      deficient diet decreased, rats readily consumed a familiar Zn-normal diet. After
      Zn repletion, the previously deficient animals continued to avoid the Zn
      deficient diet. These results would not be predicted by the competing hypothesis
      that Zn-deficiency is anorexigenic.

PMID- 3406152
TI  - Tonic immobility and heterophil/lymphocyte responses of the domestic fowl to
      corticosterone infusion.
AB  - The tonic immobility (TI) fear reactions, plasma corticosterone concentrations
      and heterophil/lymphocyte (H/L) ratios of adults laying hens were measured before
      and at intervals of 4 and 11 days after the subcutaneous implantation of osmotic
      minipumps delivering either corticosterone solution (15 micrograms/hr) or only
      polyethylene glycol vehicle. The dummy pumps exerted no apparent behavioral or
      endocrine effects, whereas tonic immobility was significantly prolonged and
      circulating corticosterone concentrations significantly elevated at 4 and 11 days
      after implantation of the corticosterone minipumps. H/L ratios were significantly
      elevated from pre-treatment levels in both groups. However, H/L ratios were
      considerably higher at both post-treatment points among birds receiving
      corticosterone rather than vehicle. The present findings suggest that chronic
      elevations of plasma corticosterone not only alter the haematological profile but
      may also predispose birds to react more fearfully to alarming stimulation.

PMID- 3406153
TI  - Behavioral aspects of puberty in group-living stumptail monkeys (Macaca
      arctoides).
AB  - Behavioral changes before and around the time of puberty were studied in a
      longitudinal manner in male and female stumptail monkeys. Around the time of
      testicular descent (mean age: 3.3 years) males started to become more aggressive
      towards adult males. Within two years following testicular descent males rose in
      rank with the support of others and reached stable (sub)top positions in the
      dominance hierarchy. In the female rank-stabilization took place gradually
      between one year before and two years after first ovulation (mean age: 3.7
      years). Copulatory activity began about two (in females) to two-and-a-half years
      (in males) before reproductive capacity was attained. Female copulatory activity
      began to rise about six months before first ovulation, when they started to
      copulate with adult males. In males copulatory frequency rose sharply between six
      and twelve months prior to testicular descent. Until a few months after
      testicular descent males could copulate openly in the group without interruption;
      from about 1 year following testicular descent virtually all copulations had to
      take place surreptitiously to avoid interruption by higher ranking adult males.
      It is postulated that this decreasing tolerance of adults may contribute to the
      process of peripheralization and migration of young adult males which occur in
      free ranging macaque groups.

PMID- 3406154
TI  - Influence of the odorization of the rearing environment on the development of
      odor-guided behavior in rat pups.
AB  - The study describes a phenomenon in which attraction of rat pups to artificial
      odors disappeared after the first week of life. In experiment 1, pups were
      continually exposed to either: (1) the normal odors present in the litter or (2)
      the same odors enriched with one of four artificial odors present in the dam's
      food. Pups were tested daily with the odors of normal or adulterated soiled
      shavings from their nests. The results show that attraction to the normal test
      shavings lasted throughout the testing period (PN 1-7). However, pups raised on
      odorized shavings exhibited an attraction to the artificial odor until day 6
      only, not on day 7. In experiment 2, pups were tested with dam's artificially
      adulterated food. The results show that the artificial odor, and not the food
      odor, was responsible for the lack of attraction on day 7. Experiment 3 was
      carried out to determine whether the date on which attraction to artificial odors
      changed might be specific to postnatal day 7 or whether the duration of odor
      exposure in test conditions was the important factor. The results suggest that
      the age of pup is the more important variable.

PMID- 3406155
TI  - Pairing alters the effect of progesterone on nesting in female C57BL/10Sn mice.
AB  - Progesterone treatments have been shown to increase nesting levels of isolated
      female mice. Here we compared the effect of exogenous progesterone on the nesting
      behavior of C57BL/10Sn female Mus domesticus housed individually to nesting
      levels of the same mice housed in pairs. Progesterone increased nesting by
      isolated females but had no significant effect on the nesting scores of the same
      mice when they were grouped into pairs. The effect of exogenous progesterone on
      nesting levels in C57BL/10Sn females appears to depend on social circumstances.

PMID- 3406156
TI  - Age difference of response strategy in radial maze performance of Fischer-344
      rats.
AB  - Age and sex differences in learning performance in an 8-arm radial maze were
      examined in Fischer-344 rats (aged: 22-27 months; young: 3-4 months). Results of
      total responses and initial correct responses showed impaired performance in aged
      rats. There was a sex difference only in initial correct responses of the aged
      group. In agreement with findings of previous studies, these results demonstrated
      deficits of spatial learning performance in aged rats. A response strategy was
      examined as a factor which may affect radial maze performance. Our results
      revealed that age groups utilized different response strategies to solve the task
      and appeared similar to reports of maze performance of young animals with
      experimentally impaired cholinergic function. The results suggest that age
      difference in a response strategy is due to deterioration of cholinergic system
      in aged rats, and factors which may have a relationship with the impaired
      performance in aged rats were discussed, including alteration of response
      strategy.

PMID- 3406157
TI  - Enhancement of radial maze performances in CD1 mice after prenatal exposure to
      oxiracetam: possible role of sustained investigative responses developed during
      ontogeny.
AB  - A longitudinal study aimed at analyzing the behavioral effects of prenatal
      exposure to the nootropic compound oxiracetam was carried out in CD1 mice. Two
      groups of females were injected either with oxiracetam or saline from the
      beginning of pregnancy until parturition. Examination of pups from birth until
      the first month of age revealed no-influence of the treatment on litter size,
      body weights, sensory motor reflexes and motility. When placed in the open field
      at one month of age, mice born by mothers exposed to oxiracetam displayed more
      self grooming and spent less time in freezing than control mice. Prenatally
      treated mice were then found more interactive with their environment since the
      introduction of a novel object in the open field was followed by increased
      ambulation and higher sniffing object and rearing object scores. At three months
      of age, mice from both groups were tested in a radial six-arm maze task. Choice
      accuracy was significantly higher in prenatally treated mice which also tended to
      optimize their exploratory sequences by frequently running the maze in a clock
      wise fashion. These results suggest that the better learning performances
      observed in the experimental group could be viewed as a consequence of an
      enhanced cognitive development based upon the higher rate of interactions with
      the environment shown by prenatally treated mice during ontogeny.

PMID- 3406158
TI  - Failure to alter sympathoadrenal response to psychosocial stress following
      aerobic training.
AB  - This experiment assessed the impact of aerobic training on sympathoadrenal, heart
      rate and subjective responses to psychosocial stress. Subjects were six
      previously sedentary males who demonstrated marked improvement in fitness level
      following 10 weeks of training. Plasma samples, heart rate and subjective arousal
      ratings were obtained prior to, during, and following exposure to stressful
      mental tasks within a laboratory session. With the exception of training-related
      bradycardia which was manifest throughout the session, no changes in plasma
      epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations, heart rate or subjective
      reactivity or recovery were seen. These findings are inconsistent with the
      hypothesized beneficial effects of aerobic training on stress-response.
      Methodological factors such as self-selection inherent in previous correlation
      work or the duration of the training program should be considered in this
      context. The potential contribution of training-related bradycardia to enhanced
      coping with challenging situations is explored.

PMID- 3406161
TI  - Nursing autonomy and accountability: where do we stand?

PMID- 3406160
TI  - Is there a 'nurse' in the house?

PMID- 3406159
TI  - Anticipatory drinking in rats: compensatory adjustments in the local rate of
      intake.
AB  - The current experiment examined whether dehydrated rats could learn to anticipate
      disruption of access to water. Previous research showed that rats running in a
      wheel in order to drink compensated for local disruptions on intake by increasing
      their rate of intake after, but not prior to the initial disruption. The present
      experiment exposed rats to either a fixed-ratio (FR) schedule that required rats
      to run in order to drink or a matched, fixed-time (FT) schedule that allowed the
      animals intermittent access to water without running. Access to water was
      disrupted by restricting the quantity of water available per drink bout. Rats
      increased their local rate of water intake prior to the disruption under the FT
      schedule but not under the FR schedule. The results suggest that rats can learn
      to increase their local rate of intake in anticipation of local restrictions on
      water under response-independent (FT) schedules. It was hypothesized that these
      anticipatory increases in the local rate of intake resulted from a priming effect
      due to the motivating effects of stimuli associated with water and/or frustration
      resulting from attempts to drink prior to water availability.

PMID- 3406163
TI  - Malignant hyperthermia: an update for the office-based practice.

PMID- 3406162
TI  - Melanoma.

PMID- 3406164
TI  - On the antigonadotropic activity of Lithospermum and Lycopus species and some of
      their phenolic constituents.

PMID- 3406165
TI  - Centaurea corcubionensis: a study of its hypoglycemic activity in rats.

PMID- 3406166
TI  - Decrease in plasma cholesterol, triglycerides and CPK levels in rats fed on the
      marine microalga Dunaliella tertiolecta.

PMID- 3406167
TI  - Hypotensive activity of extracts of Solanum marginatum in the rat.

PMID- 3406168
TI  - The role of ungeremine in the growth-inhibiting and cytotoxic effects of
      lycorine: evidence and speculation.

PMID- 3406169
TI  - Cytotoxic and antifungal diterpenes from the seeds of Alpinia galanga.

PMID- 3406170
TI  - Antimicrobial activity of two flavanones isolated from the Cameroonian plant
      Erythrina sigmoidea.

PMID- 3406171
TI  - Effect of saponins from Anagallis arvensis on experimental herpes simplex
      keratitis in rabbits.

PMID- 3406172
TI  - The mechanism of antiviral phototoxicity of the furanochromones visnagin and
      khellin.

PMID- 3406173
TI  - Enzymic coupling of catharanthine and vindoline to form 3',4'-anhydrovinblastine
      by horseradish peroxidase.

PMID- 3406174
TI  - [Heptadeca-1, 8t-dien-4, 6-diyne-3, 10-diol, a substance cytotoxic to L1210 cells
      from Korean ginseng roots].

PMID- 3406175
TI  - Subperiosteal approach as an improved concept for correction of the aging face.
AB  - A harmonious facial appearance is determined by a balanced relationship among all
      tissues of the face. With advancing age, balance is lost among the bone, muscle,
      fat, and skin as progressive changes occur in their volume, shape, position, and
      consistency. Study of clinical cases and fresh cadaver dissections has led to
      better understanding of the superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) and its
      relationship with the facial muscles and their bony insertions. From these
      anatomic studies we have developed an improved concept of rhytidectomy with the
      subperiosteal detachment of all soft tissues from the orbit, upper maxilla, malar
      bone, and nose. Following this detachment, the soft tissues of the cheek,
      forehead, jowls, nasolabial folds, lateral canthus, and eyebrows can be lifted to
      reestablish their youthful relationship with the underlying skeleton. Our 4-year
      experience includes 105 patients. Sixty percent of these patients were admitted
      to the hospital and had their procedure under general anesthesia; forty percent,
      however, had their procedure in an outpatient setting requiring only local
      anesthesia (lidocaine hydrochloride 1% plus epinephrine) and intravenous sedation
      (midazolam, ketamine). Complications have been minimal except for temporary
      paralysis of the frontal nerve in seven patients; guidelines for prevention have
      subsequently been developed. The subperiosteal rhytidectomy is excellent and
      appears more natural for rejuvenation of the upper and central face, eyebrows,
      periorbita, external canthus, cheeks, and nasolabial fold.

PMID- 3406176
TI  - Malar augmentation using autogenous composite conchal cartilage and temporalis
      fascia.
AB  - Prominent malar regions are considered by many in Western society to be a mark of
      beauty. The increased awareness of this important aesthetic feature has made
      correction of the poorly defined cheekbone one of the goals of aesthetic surgery
      of the face. Procedures incorporating alloplastic materials have been described.
      However, malar implants of this type have not been universally accepted. Silicone
      gel-filled, silicone rubber, and Proplast implants have enjoyed popularity in
      facial augmentation. Each of these materials shows low complication rates, but
      problems related to use are (1) the inevitability of formation of a tissue
      capsule, which, although responsible for implant stabilization, also may cause
      deformation of silicone implants, and (2) bacterial contamination at the tissue
      implant interface. We propose a new technique of malar augmentation through the
      use of composite autogenous conchal cartilage grafts and temporalis fascia
      grafts. A case report and illustrations are presented, including a description of
      this technique. It is postulated that the use of autogenous materials in malar
      augmentation can give acceptable results and obviate the inherent risks
      associated with the use of alloplastic materials.

PMID- 3406177
TI  - Emotional and behavioral reactions to facially deformed patients before and after
      craniofacial surgery.
AB  - The present experiment investigated whether observers' emotional and behavioral
      reactions to facially deformed patients could be substantially improved by
      surgical procedures conducted by well-trained specialists in an experienced
      multidisciplinary team. Also investigated was the hypothesis that emotional
      states mediate the effects of physical attractiveness and facial deformity on
      social interaction. Twenty patients between the ages of 3 months and 17 years
      were randomly selected from over 2000 patients' files of Kenneth E. Salyer of
      Dallas, Texas. Patient diagnoses included facial clefts, hypertelorism, Treacher
      Collins syndrome, and craniofacial dysostoses (Crouzon's and Apert's syndromes).
      Rigorously standardized photographs of patients taken before and after surgery
      were shown to 22 "naive" raters ranging in age from 18 to 54 years. Raters were
      asked to predict their emotional and behavioral responses to the patients. These
      ratings indicated that observers' behavioral reactions to facially deformed
      children and adolescents would be more positive following craniofacial surgery.
      Similarly, the ratings indicated that observers' emotional reactions to these
      patients would be more positive following surgery. The results are discussed in
      terms of current sociopsychologic theoretical models for the effects of
      attractiveness on social interaction. A new model is presented that implicates
      induced emotional states as a mediating process in explaining the effects of
      attractiveness and facial deformity on the quality of social interactions.
      Limitations of the current investigation and directions for future research are
      also discussed.

PMID- 3406178
TI  - Correction of the unilateral cleft lip nose.
AB  - The cleft lip nasal deformity is best repaired secondarily in teenagers. Some
      more severe cases may be repaired during childhood. Optimal repair requires
      adequate exposure, best obtained with transcolumellar flying-bird incisions. The
      major anatomic defect, the misplaced lateral crus, needs to be advanced to a
      normal position. The vestibular lining of the lateral crus should remain attached
      to add circulation and support, especially when scoring of the cartilage is
      needed. The lateral defect left after advancement of the lateral crus should be
      closed with sutures. Accessory procedures, including septoplasty, augmentation or
      reshifting of the alar base attachment, and occasionally, cartilage grafts, are
      critical to achieving an aesthetic result. Fifty-three patients operated on using
      the technique described are reviewed.

PMID- 3406179
TI  - Immediate and long-term management of gunshot wounds to the lower face.
AB  - The steadily increasing level of urban violence and attempted suicides in the
      recent past has resulted in large numbers of gunshot injuries to the face from
      small-caliber weapons. Our experience with 35 consecutive cases of civilian
      gunshot wounds involving primarily the lower face is presented. Initial
      management included securing of the airway, control of bleeding, and treatment of
      coexisting injuries. After clinical and radiologic evaluation and conservative
      debridement of all devitalized tissues, the mandibular fractures were reduced and
      stabilized appropriately. Large bony defects were treated by stabilization of the
      mandibular segments followed by secondary bone grafting. Intraoral soft tissues
      were then repaired with local mucosal flaps or tongue flaps when necessary.
      Finally, the soft tissues were repaired by primary closure or local flaps.
      Distant flaps were used only as a secondary procedure. Our results are presented,
      the differences between civilian and military injuries are discussed, and the
      principles of gunshot ballistics are described. We conclude that most of these
      wounds can be treated in a relatively conservative manner immediately after the
      injury with good functional and cosmetic results.

PMID- 3406180
TI  - Therapeutic value of intravenous heparin in microvascular surgery: an
      experimental vascular thrombosis study.
AB  - In an attempt to decrease a 10 to 15 percent vascular thrombosis rate leading to
      graft occlusion, low-dose human-grade heparin was studied to determine if
      carefully monitored intravenous therapy would increase 7-day patency in a known
      potent thrombosis model. In New Zealand white rabbits, the type of infusate
      administered intravenously, either saline (30 animals) or heparin (35 animals),
      was selected at random after completing a 2-mm arterial inversion graft in the
      femoral artery. A 72-hour infusion was used in all animals; the control group
      received sterile saline and the experimental group received a heparin infusion at
      45 microliters per hour after a 500-unit bolus. All grafts in both groups were
      patent at the time of groin closure. Patency in the heparin-perfused group was 67
      percent (24 of 35) as compared to 19 percent (6 of 30) in the control group (p
      less than 0.05) 1 week postoperatively. Scanning electron microscopy showed
      significantly less dense fibrin deposition and a decrease in the number of
      aggregated platelets in the heparin-perfused grafts. Partial tissue
      thromboplastin time values in the experimental group ranged between 55 and 75
      seconds (control 20 to 25 seconds). We have shown that heparin, an inexpensive
      and readily available agent, maintains 1-week microarterial patency and results
      in few complications in a reliable, reproducible, and versatile thrombosis model.
      The clinical ramifications of using an antiplatelet agent that diminishes fibrin
      deposition in microsurgery are apparent.

PMID- 3406181
TI  - The long-term fate of microvenous autografts.
AB  - Changes in length, external diameter, wall thickness, and morphology were
      examined in 60 intraarterial vein grafts and 30 intravenous vein grafts inserted
      in rabbit femoral vessels. Half of each graft type was explored at 6 or 12
      months, giving four experimental groups. The overall patency for intraarterial
      grafts at exploration was 98 percent and for intravenous grafts 100 percent. In
      comparison with the initial graft length resected, all four groups were
      significantly shorter at the completion of anastomosis, and three of the four
      groups also were significantly shorter at exploration. The overall loss in length
      of grafts varied between 26 and 30 percent of original length. External diameter
      was significantly increased (from between 133 and 201 percent) in all four groups
      at exploration compared to the normal femoral vein. Intravenous grafts maintained
      normal vein morphology to 12 months. Intraarterial grafts were modified by the
      ingrowth of smooth-muscle cells from the recipient artery, thereby creating a
      neointima that significantly thickened their walls at both 6 and 12 months.

PMID- 3406182
TI  - Muscle flaps in the management of vascular grafts in contaminated wounds: an
      experimental study in dogs.
AB  - This study evaluates in an animal model the efficacy of muscle flaps in
      protecting the fabric vascular prosthesis when placed in contaminated wounds. A
      total of 20 adult mongrel dogs received a 2-cm interpositional
      polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) graft to each femoral artery at the groin level.
      During the surgical procedure, the wounds were inoculated with a Staphylococcus
      aureus suspension containing either 1 x 10(4) or 1 x 10(5) organisms per
      milliliter. In half the animals, the grafts were wrapped with a distally based
      sartorius muscle flap before a standard two-layer closure was completed. One
      month after the surgery, all the animals were sacrificed and quantitative
      cultures were performed of the grafts and wounds. The muscle flaps were capable
      of protecting the vascular prosthesis with inoculums up to 1 x 10(4) organisms (p
      less than 0.05), but at greater bacterial contamination their efficacy was no
      longer significant.

PMID- 3406183
TI  - A new arterial flap from the postauricular surface: its anatomic basis and
      clinical application.
AB  - We studied the arterial pattern of the postauricular surface in 16 cadavers and
      compared them to the results of Doppler probing in the auricles of 15 human
      volunteers. The dissections revealed that the postauricular surface is mainly
      supplied by three to five sizable branches from the upper, middle, and lower
      divisions of the posterior auricular artery, traversing in a rather straight and
      cephalic direction toward the auricular rim. One or more branches of the middle
      division are constantly present and distribute over the upper two-thirds of the
      postauricular surface. These anatomic findings were compatible with the results
      of the Doppler probing. We have done four auricular reconstructions with
      postauricular arterial flaps with excellent postoperative results. It is
      worthwhile to use the postauricular arterial flap in restoring the middle third
      of the auricle.

PMID- 3406184
TI  - Reconstruction of the thumb with a trimmed-toe transfer technique.
AB  - The trimmed-toe transfer is a new modification of the existing great-toe transfer
      technique for thumb reconstruction. This procedure was devised to circumvent
      patient concerns regarding overly large reconstructed digits following total
      great-toe-to-hand transfer. This technique involves reduction of both the bony
      and soft-tissue elements along the medial aspect of the transferred great toe in
      order to produce a more normal sized thumb. Follow-up of the initial 20 patients
      from 1983 to 1986 demonstrates good stability, grip strength, and pinch strength.
      Although compared with total great-toe transfer a modest reduction in joint
      motion of trimmed toes has been observed, the overall appearance and usefulness
      of the reconstructed thumbs have been excellent.

PMID- 3406185
TI  - The case for peer review.

PMID- 3406186
TI  - What is legal, what is ethical, and what is moral?

PMID- 3406187
TI  - Reconstruction of a posttraumatic ear defect using tissue expansion: 30 years
      after Neumann.
AB  - A two-stage method suitable for reconstructing the lower part of the auricle and
      using an advancement-rotation flap of expanded cervical and postauricular skin is
      described. Expander shape and capacity should be selected after careful
      consideration of available donor sites and the amount of additional tissue
      required for reconstruction.

PMID- 3406188
TI  - Augmentation mammaplasty by cadaver fat allografts.
AB  - Two Soviet women were treated for complications of breast hardening and
      tenderness following augmentation mammaplasty using cadaver fat allografts. The
      cadaver fat grafts were excised and replaced with silicone-gel prostheses in the
      submammary pockets. The implants were found to contain necrotic fat tissue with
      areas of fibrosis and calcification; however, no signs of rejection were evident.
      Both patients had a successful postoperative outcome.

PMID- 3406189
TI  - Treatment of postreconstructive collapsed nasal ala with a costal cartilage
      graft.
AB  - A technique to restore the skeletal support of the postreconstruction collapsed
      ala is proposed. This makes use of the elastic characteristic of costal cartilage
      to provide a natural spring to elevate the ala and thereby enlarge the nostril.
      Three illustrative cases are described.

PMID- 3406191
TI  - Inexpensive simulated fiberoptic light.

PMID- 3406190
TI  - A modification of the great-toe transfer for thumb reconstruction.
AB  - A modification of the great-toe-to-thumb transfer is presented, which includes
      sculpting the transferred toe with removal of soft-tissue pulp and bone from the
      lateral side of the toe. This modification provides the aesthetic advantages of
      the wrap-around flap while avoiding problems of bone graft resorption, pulp
      mobility, and a very difficult dissection. Function in our three patients has
      been excellent.

PMID- 3406192
TI  - Hey Yuan, welcome to the NFL ... and other thoughts on plastic surgery, private
      practice, and the real world.

PMID- 3406193
TI  - Postmastectomy breast reconstruction: a survey of general and plastic surgeons.

PMID- 3406194
TI  - Certification in hand surgery: another view.

PMID- 3406196
TI  - Gastrointestinal diseases.

PMID- 3406195
TI  - Potential differences between primipara and multipara in the incidence of cleft
      lip and palate in mice.

PMID- 3406199
TI  - [Present clinical features of schizophrenia from the standpoint of the subtypes-
      concerning "undifferentiated schizophrenia"].

PMID- 3406198
TI  - [Structural analysis of behavioral pattern of junior high-school students by
      factor analysis--student's dislike to attend school and its related factors].

PMID- 3406197
TI  - [Competency of the mentally retarded to stand trial--relevance-analysis of
      intellectual faculties in the process space].

PMID- 3406200
TI  - [Eye movements in schizophrenic patients--comparison among acute, chronic and
      remitted patients].

PMID- 3406201
TI  - [Thoughts on the 7th world congress of the IPPNW (International Physicians for
      Prevention of Nuclear War) in Moscow].
AB  - The authors discuss the international campaign of doctors in opposition to
      nuclear warfare, "the ultimate scourge of mankind", and give their impressions of
      the seventh international IPPNW congress held in Moscow from May 29 to June 1,
      1987.

PMID- 3406202
TI  - [Psychiatric care in Leipzig--10 years' regionalized care in a large city by 3
      major clinics].
AB  - The paper deals with experience gained in the town of Leipzig in the course of
      the implementation of the regionalized organisation of psychiatric care. The idea
      behind the organisational structure is that of a complete psychiatric system of
      treatment, covering hospitalised, partially hospitalised, and out-patient
      treatment, supported by ancillary services, to provide continued care. The
      organisational structure has proved effective for basic psychiatric care in a
      large town.

PMID- 3406203
TI  - [Task and age-dependent changes in the P300 components of the evoked brain
      potential in visual discrimination performance].
AB  - On the application of P300 parameters of the event-related brain potential is
      reported, especially with regard to their reliability. The P300 components of
      healthy volunteers elicited by relevant and irrelevant stimuli showed a
      sufficient reliability of their amplitude and peak latency data.

PMID- 3406205
TI  - [An educational program for the specialist in neurology and psychiatry].

PMID- 3406204
TI  - [Concentrating cerebrospinal fluid cells with the sedimentation chamber-
      comparative methodologic studies].
AB  - The loss of cerebrospinal fluid cells is considerable when the sedimentation
      chamber was used. Methodical variations resulted in an increasing cell count on
      the slide. The absolute number of lymphocytes increased more than that of
      monocytes. Caused by the higher cell count, especially lymphocytes, the relative
      values in cell differentiation between lymphocytes and monocytes are changed. For
      differential counting of lymphocytes, monocytes and other cerebrospinal fluid
      cell types the elevated cell count is an important factor. Differentiation
      between subpopulations of lymphocytes by means of this procedure however is
      problematically because the loss of lymphocytes can be of a selective nature.

PMID- 3406206
TI  - The mechanism of reducing thiopentone dose in elderly patients undergoing
      surgery.
AB  - The dose of thiopentone required to induce anesthesia in adults decreasing with
      age is not due to pharmacodynamic change. The change of pharmacokinetic
      properties of thiopentone with age in undergoing surgery patient's arterial blood
      was investigated in seven elderly (67-82 yr) and six young (21-33 yr) patients of
      both sexes. Thiopentone (3 mg kg-1) was administered intravenously and arterial
      blood samples were obtained immediately after the injection to measure plasma and
      red blood cell thiopentone concentrations by an HPLC method. Plasma protein
      binding was studied using ultracentrifuge method. The disappearance of
      thiopentone from the arterial blood was described by a two-compartment open
      model. The distribution rate constant (alpha) was significantly larger in the
      young patients (p less than 0.001). The distribution half-life was longer in the
      elderly (p less than 0.05). Both the input microscopic rate constant, K21, and
      the exit microscopic rate constant, K12, with the central compartment were
      significantly larger in the young patients. (p less than 0.02 and p less than
      0.001, respectively). The difference between the exit and input microscopic rate
      constant, K12-K21, was much larger in the young patients (p less than 0.001). The
      plasma protein binding was significantly reduced in the elderly (p less than
      0.05). The apparent overall volume of distribution, Vd was not significantly
      different between young and elder patients. However, the volume of distribution
      of the central compartment was smaller in the young patients (p less than 0.05).
      This was probably due to the difficulty of estimation of initial thiopentone
      plasma concentration post-equilibrium in the central compartment after
      administration of thiopentone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3406207
TI  - Mutagenicity of Maillard browning reaction products from various nitrosated amino
      acid-glucose mixtures.
AB  - Ten different amino acid-glucose Maillard browning products before and after
      reaction with nitrite were evaluated by the Ames mutagenicity assay. No mutagenic
      response was observed in the methylene chloride extracts of any browning products
      tested before nitrosation. However, mutagenicity was showed in most of the
      browning mixtures, e.g., glycine-glucose, lysine-glucose (I), arginine-glucose,
      phenylalanine-glucose (II), and methionine-glucose after nitrosation when
      examined by Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100 either with or without
      S-9 metabolic activation. Among the browning mixtures, (I) and (II) showed the
      greatest mutagenic activity after reaction with nitrite. The mutagenicity of
      lysine-glucose with nitrite was dependent on browning intensity, nitrosation pH,
      nitrosation time, nitrite level and blocking agents.

PMID- 3406208
TI  - Serum antibodies to native and denatured type I and III collagen in patients with
      periodontal disease.
AB  - Serum IgG antibodies to collagen were investigated by using enzyme linked
      immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in patients with chronic periodontal disease.
      Patients with varying forms of periodontal disease including gingivitis, juvenile
      periodontitis, and adult periodontitis were compared with the normal subjects.
      The mean serum IgG levels of ELISA antibodies to native type I or III collagen in
      patients with juvenile periodontitis were significantly higher than those of the
      normal subjects, but no difference was found between the patients with either
      gingivitis or adult periodontitis and the normal subjects. In addition, the mean
      serum IgG levels of ELISA antibodies to denatured type I or III collagen in
      patients with juvenile or adult periodontitis were significantly higher than
      those of the normal subjects. These findings suggest that antibodies to native
      and denatured type I or III collagen may be associated with different forms or
      severities of periodontal disease, especially advanced periodontal destruction.

PMID- 3406209
TI  - Detection of pulmonary edema and hemorrhage using indium-111 chloride images: rat
      model.
AB  - Pulmonary edema and/or hemorrhage (PEH) induced by IV injection of norepinephrine
      was demonstrated in six rats by In-111 chloride lung/heart imaging. The
      anesthetized rats were positioned under a gamma camera using a pinhole
      collimator. After In-111 chloride IV injection, analog thorax images were
      obtained and dynamic data were recorded at 30 seconds/frame for 20 min before and
      after induced PEH. The gamma camera was interfaced to a computer which generated
      the curve of the lung/heart radioactivity ratio which rose from 0.4-0.5 at
      baseline to 1.0-1.4 at the end of the study. The image after IV norepinephrine
      injection showed a reversal of the lung/heart radioactivity concentration. In-111
      chloride instantly binds to plasma transferrin yielding an excellent
      intravascular imaging agent. Leakage of this tracer into alevoli indicates loss
      of aveolar membrane wall competence. Pulmonary edema, as in acute respiratory
      distress syndrome, is difficult to diagnose radiographically and this In-111
      chloride lung/heart imaging technique may be potentially useful.

PMID- 3406210
TI  - Molecular analysis of hemoglobin H disease in Taiwan.
AB  - The molecular basis of seven Chinese patients in Taiwan with hemoglobin H disease
      was investigated and was found to be heterogeneous in the mutation type. They
      were alpha-thalassemia-1 mutation combined with hemoglobin Constant Spring, an
      undetermined nondeletion form of alpha-thalassemia and a deletion form of alpha
      thalassemia-2 mutations. The alpha-thalassemia-1 mutation was shown to be the -
      SEA type I haplotype.

PMID- 3406211
TI  - Decline of chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides residues in the tea-garden soils
      of Taiwan.
AB  - Residues of chlorinated hydrocarbon insectidies and some of their metabolites,
      including p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDD, p,p'-DDE, gamma-BHC, aldrin, dieldrin, heptachlor
      and heptachlor epoxide, were examined in the soils collected from 21 tea-gardens
      distributed in 15 countries of 6 prefectures in 1977, and from 100 locations
      distributed in 46 counties of 10 prefectures in 1984 in Taiwan. Although the use
      of these chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides has been banned for many years,
      minor amounts of residues in the soils have still been detected. From 1977 to
      1984, average residues of the chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides and their
      metabolites in the soils of tea-gardens decreased from 5.64 to 0.06 ppb for gamma
      BHC, 97 54 to 1.10 ppb for aldrin, 35.91 to 1.00 ppb for p,p'-DDE, 17.41 to 0.28
      ppb for dieldrin, and 30.17 to 3.42 ppb for p,p'-DDT. But the number of positive
      cases increased for all chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides tested, the residual
      levels were not significantly different among soils with different physiochemical
      properties or among soil layers. No significant amount of these insecticides was
      found in the processed tea.

PMID- 3406213
TI  - [The role of psychosocial and clinical factors in attempted suicide (data of the
      Center for Acute Poisoning)].

PMID- 3406212
TI  - [The dexamethasone suppression test in schizophrenia and endogenous depression].

PMID- 3406214
TI  - [Studies of syntonic-autistic proportion in paranoid schizophrenia].

PMID- 3406215
TI  - [Group therapy of children with emotional disturbances and their parents].

PMID- 3406216
TI  - [Legislative regulation of mental health care].

PMID- 3406217
TI  - [Neurasthenic and psychoorganic syndromes in a case of large intracranial
      meningioma].

PMID- 3406218
TI  - [Analysis of suicide in the Psychiatric Hospital and Psychiatric Clinic in
      Wroclaw 1974-1983].

PMID- 3406219
TI  - [Halfway house facilities as a means of therapy].
AB  - On the basis of three halfway houses which have been studied using ethnographic
      methods, this study seeks to describe both general and specific structures
      existing in these halfway houses. The proposed typology situates the halfway
      houses in a spectrum between "therapy" and "daily life" and interprets their
      therapeutic effect as resulting from the successful use of therapy and effective
      patterns of living within their confines. A central role is allotted to "daily
      life" as the environment in which the incorporation of therapeutic measures into
      patterns of living, which have been routinised and anchored into a certain
      milieu, takes place. The chances and risks in the therapeutic process which are
      characteristic for the different types of halfway house are clearly demonstrated.
      The observation of therapeutic procedures in the halfway houses in relation to
      the biography and family background of the patients results in a critical
      analysis of the basic tenets of the so-called milieu therapy with the consequence
      that the question which halfway house for which patient must be reformulated on a
      wider basis than has been the case up to the present.

PMID- 3406220
TI  - [Reintegration in residential facilities--a catamnestic study].
AB  - A rehabilitation programme at the University Clinic of Social Psychiatry, Berne,
      is described. The facility includes a half-way house and sheltered home in a
      suburb, where 20 psychiatric long-stay patients are trained for an independent
      life in the community. In a follow-up study 80 patients, mostly chronic
      schizophrenics, were examined in order to evaluate the outcome. After an average
      time-interval of 6 years only 14% were in a mental hospital, 31% lived in
      sheltered accommodations, and 55% lived independently in the community. 57% of
      the patients were working full- or part time and a further 20% worked in
      sheltered workshops. Apart from these very good results a careful assessment of
      the social circumstances reveals an ongoing impairment: 80% have only poor social
      relations and depend on psychiatric treatment and medication, 77% need invalidity
      rents and more than one third live or work in sheltered institutions. The study
      shows that psychiatric long-stay patients can reach a stable reintegration in the
      community. The ongoing impairment mainly affects the social relations and the
      financial resources, areas which are important for the quality of life.

PMID- 3406221
TI  - [The home visit--a study of ambulatory management of psychiatric patients within
      the scope of 2 mobile outpatient services].
AB  - Domiciliary visiting and follow-up care of mentally ill patients is one of the
      foci of treatment-and-care activities of a mobile outpatient care unit working in
      social psychiatry. Its self-declared aim is to either avoid or to cut down
      inpatient treatment or reference to a psychiatric hospital or asylum, and thus to
      enable the patient to lead a life of greater freedom and fewer restrictions. 217
      home visits by members of two psychiatric mobile outpatient care units were
      evaluated and analysed via a descriptive and differentiated questionnaire study.
      The analysis revealed that patients themselves had requested a visit in only
      12.4% of the cases. This seems to be a characteristic feature of psychiatric
      care. Another striking factor is the mediation by a "third person", for in almost
      40% of all the cases the initiative came from relatives, neighbours, the family
      doctor, the police, the welfare office, the landlord and others, showing how
      closely follow-up care is interlinked with the patient's social environment. The
      style of working of the psychiatric care unit is reflected by the varied
      participation of representatives of different professions in the home visiting
      service. It is also remarkable that in 31 patients (i.e. 18% of the home visits)
      the home visit established the first contact between therapist and patient.
      Whenever such an initial contact was accomplished, the home visit always had a
      triadic structure. It is a direct consequence of our study that the members of a
      mobile psychiatric care service should boldly tackle the problems of basic
      concepts regarding the position and status of the individual within the system of
      psychiatric and welfare care.

PMID- 3406222
TI  - [Readmission of psychiatric patients hospitalized for the first time--course and
      predictive factors after 5 years].
AB  - In this study the course of rehospitalisation after one, 2 1/2 and 5 years was
      examined in a sample of 113 readmitted patients of different diagnostic groups.
      In a second step of analysis occupational, sociodemographic and clinical
      parameters of these patients were related to the readmission after 5 years and
      studied if these parameters allow a predictive statement. It was shown that 40%
      60% (dependent of diagnoses) of the patients were readmitted in a period of 5
      years. The course of the rehospitalization also varied in the different
      diagnostic groups. The most striking result was the rate of readmission of the
      schizophrenic psychoses which was at the time of the 1 year catamnesis below
      average after the 2 1/2 years analysis however above average. Besides these
      findings occupational and clinical predictors were identified in all diagnostic
      groups with exception of the schizophrenic psychoses group. The results are
      discussed and attention is put on possible consequences to prevent
      rehospitalization.

PMID- 3406223
TI  - [Gerontopsychiatry in the general hospital--report of experiences with a newly
      opened gerontopsychiatric unit of the psychiatric department of a general
      hospital].
AB  - The construction and treatment setting of a psychogeriatric acute treatment unit
      of a psychiatric department at a general hospital is described. Besides the
      prevailing amount of organic brain syndromes, there were more neurotic and
      reactive disturbed patients compared to mental state hospitals, who were treated
      in a psychotherapeutic manner. Experiences in psychotherapy with elderly are
      described and evaluated and problems in diagnostic and therapy with primarily
      demented patients are presented. Furthermore are described the therapeutic styles
      of different professions and the difficulties in implementing the principles of
      the therapeutic community in a psychogeriatric setting.

PMID- 3406224
TI  - [Depressive syndromes in the involutional age and old age--a synopsis of
      computerized tomography, test psychologic and clinical findings].
AB  - The importance of the computertomographic, testpsychological, and clinical
      findings at the appearance of depressive syndromes during the involutional age
      and the senium has been investigated. The hypothesis is not to confirm which says
      that a cerebral atrophy indicated by the computer-assisted tomogram shows an
      unfavourable prognosis. The supposal saying that inferior results of an
      intelligence test (HAWIE) indicate a negative prediction was not to corroborate.
      By the way, patients who often had been in stationary treatment tended to show an
      unfavourable development (p less than 0.1) of the disease.

PMID- 3406225
TI  - [Correlations between clinico-psychiatric findings and the dexamethasone
      suppression test in depression].
AB  - A study on 50 patients with endogenous and non-endogenous depression yielded a
      sensitivity of 64% and a specificity of 77% for the dexamethasone suppression
      test (DST). Endogenous depressive patients recovering from depression within one
      week mostly showed sufficient cortisol suppression. "Loss of feelings" was
      associated more frequently with cortisol nonsuppression, while a certain
      relationship between psychogenic induction of the present depressive episode and
      adequate suppression could be demonstrated. In conclusion, the diagnostic utility
      of the DST is of minor importance. However, in certain cases the DST could be
      recommended as a predictor of clinical course.

PMID- 3406226
TI  - Are there any successful men from criminogenic backgrounds?
AB  - In the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development, a prospective longitudinal
      survey of 411 London males, a vulnerable group of 63 boys from criminogenic
      backgrounds was defined on the basis of the best nonbehavioral predictors of
      delinquency at age 8-10 (low family income, large family size, convicted parents,
      low intelligence, and poor parental child-rearing behavior). These males were
      followed up to age 32, and the more successful men were defined according to
      criteria such as the absence of convictions and of other deviant behavior, good
      relationships with wives and children, and good accommodation and employment
      histories. Hence, "success" here refers to satisfactory social adjustment. The
      more successful men were those who had been neurotic at age 10, those who had few
      or no friends at age 8, those without convicted parents or behavior problem
      siblings, those with mothers who had a high opinion of their sons, and those who
      did not spend their leisure time with their fathers. At age 8-10 they were
      already better behaved and less daring than those later judged as the
      unsuccessful men. There was some tendency for shyness to act as a protective
      factor against delinquency for non-aggressive boys but as an aggravating factor
      for aggressive boys.

PMID- 3406227
TI  - Alcoholism: toward understanding genetic and social factors.
AB  - This study uses prospective data to assess the interaction of environmental and
      genetic contributions to alcoholism. Families of men whose genetic loading
      included fathers who were alcoholics were compared with men whose fathers were
      not alcoholics. Alcoholism among the former appeared to be promoted by mothers
      who held the alcoholic fathers in high esteem. The analyses suggested that
      genetic loading together with covert acceptance of alcoholism increases risk, as
      does absence of maternal control.

PMID- 3406228
TI  - Explaining adolescent drug use: an elaboration strategy for structural equations
      modeling.
AB  - We report a series of analyses designed to estimate increasingly elaborated
      theoretical models that explain adolescent drug use. Each of the successive
      elaborations adds a theoretical construct to the explanatory model in order to
      increase our understanding of drug use by specifying in greater detail the nature
      of the structural relationships among the latent variables. The more detailed
      specification is accomplished by 1) specifying new direct effects that increase
      explained variance in drug use, 2) decomposing direct effects through the
      interpolation of hypothesized intervening variables, 3) specifying antecedents of
      variables that modify their direct effects, and 4) exposing suppressor effects.
      Where indicated, we evaluate alternative explanations of the observed
      relationships. We do this by controlling for common antecedent effects to reduce
      spuriousness or by examining different specifications of causal linkages among
      the explanatory constructs.

PMID- 3406229
TI  - An integrative control theory of delinquent behavior: a validation 1976-1985.
AB  - Criminology should be a field of inquiry where psychology and sociology meet in
      seeking to explain delinquency, but this has rarely been the case. Our paper is
      an attempt in that direction within the context of a control theory. Ever since
      Lewin (1933) proposed his famous formula: B = (P) x (E), where conduct (B)
      depends on the interaction between the characteristics of a person (P) and his
      environment (E), there have been numerous attempts to encourage theoreticians to
      develop integrative theories of conduct--in other words, to take account of the
      sociological and psychological factors simultaneously.

PMID- 3406230
TI  - Wartime losses and social bonding: influences across 40 years in men's lives.
AB  - By 1990 over half of all American men entering the retirement years will be
      veterans with a life history shaped by participation in the Armed Forces. This
      investigation traces the burden of war mortality and social bonding across the
      life span of 149 veterans of World War II and the Korean conflict. These veterans
      come from longitudinal samples at the Institute of Human Development, University
      of California, Berkeley. Data were also obtained from the record of a Marine unit
      that served on Iwo Jima. The study is organized around two lines of inquiry. The
      first examines the relationship between combat and social ties, with emphasis on
      exposure to combat deaths, the loss of comrades/friends, and postwar stress
      reactions. The second concerns the healing potential of social ties with service
      friends and spouses in later life. According to the analysis, heavy combat
      veterans are more likely than other veterans to have enduring ties from the
      service. But combat experience alone does not explain these ties; it is war
      trauma and especially the loss of significant others during war, both comrades
      and friends, that intensify and maintain postwar relationships. Painful memories
      of war and stress symptoms in later life are likely to weaken through exposure to
      a supportive community of service mates and spouses, an effect that suggests the
      healing potential of periodic reunions of the primary military unit and marital
      sharing.

PMID- 3406231
TI  - Therapeutic factors in partial hospitalization.
AB  - In recent years, partial hospitalization programs have become an accepted major
      component of community-based care for psychiatric patients. Studies have shown
      that partial hospitalization is at least as effective as inpatient
      hospitalization in treating a spectrum of psychiatric disorders and is
      substantially more cost effective than standard inpatient care (Guillette et al.
      1978; Herz et al. 1971; Washburn et al. 1976; Wilder et al. 1966). Despite these
      positive findings, the therapeutic factors that contribute to the effectiveness
      of partial hospitalization continue to be a subject of speculation (e.g.,
      Goldberg 1982; Vannicelli et al. 1978; Washburn 1983). In a recent review of the
      literature on the efficacy of partial hospitalization, Mason et al. (1982)
      emphasize that the "active ingredient" in this treatment modality remains
      unclear. In an outcome study by Dunn et al. (1982, p. 297), hope was expressed
      that "future studies might best explore which nonspecific factors are most
      powerful therapeutically." The current study is part of a larger effort to
      develop from an empirical base a comprehensive model of partial hospitalization.
      The comprehensive model provides a framework for understanding partial
      hospitalization by examining: 1) the functions of a partial hospital admission,
      2) the types of patient changes that occur in these programs, 3) the processes of
      change, and 4) the therapeutic factors that appear to facilitate change. Findings
      regarding the first three elements of the model are described in a companion
      paper. This report focuses on the findings regarding the fourth element of the
      model, the therapeutic factors that appear to facilitate change in a short-term
      partial hospitalization program. It also examines how specific program components
      contribute to these therapeutic factors.

PMID- 3406232
TI  - System dynamics in complex psychiatric treatment organizations.
AB  - One of the major challenges facing contemporary psychiatry is the coordination of
      diverse services through organizational integration. With increasing frequency,
      psychiatric treatment takes place in complex treatment systems composed of
      multiple inpatient and outpatient programs. Particularly in public health care
      systems serving the chronically ill, contemporary practice demands a broad
      spectrum of programs, often geographically dispersed, that include crisis
      intervention teams, day treatment programs, substance abuse units, social
      rehabilitation programs and halfway houses (Bachrach 1983; Turner and TenHoor
      1978). Individualized treatment planning often requires that a particular patient
      participate in two or more specialized programs either simultaneously or in a
      specified sequence. As a consequence of this specialization, treatment
      fragmentation has emerged as a significant clinical problem, and continuity of
      care has been highlighted as a valuable but elusive ingredient of optimal
      treatment. This paper will describe the dynamic interactions that result when
      several such programs are united under a common organizational roof. Using a
      large VA Psychiatry Service as an example, I will outline the hierarchical
      structure characteristic of such an organization, as well as the persistent pulls
      toward both integration and fragmentation that influence its operation.

PMID- 3406233
TI  - Longitudinal growth hormone studies in schizophrenia.
AB  - The growth hormone (GH) response to apomorphine hydrochloride (APO) was examined
      monthly in 12 schizophrenic patients on drug holiday for up to 22 months and
      compared with age- and sex-matched controls. There was more variability in the
      response of patients than controls on the first trial and on several subsequent
      challenges. Patients' and controls' GH responses to an APO challenge did not
      distinguish them from each other on the first trial. However, longitudinal data
      revealed that in a subgroup of five schizophrenic patients and five controls,
      studied for 12 consecutive trials, the GH response averaged over the 12 trials
      was significantly lower in the patients than in the controls. Moreover, when
      schizophrenics' responses on each successive trial were compared, responses
      decreased over time, but were significantly different from controls only in the
      later trials. Three of the patients were followed for more than 12 trials, and
      their GH responsivity increased in the later trials. GH response to APO was
      significantly correlated with positive symptom scores in three patients but not
      in four others. There was a trend toward an association between the occurrence of
      relapse and GH increment induced by APO. A significant association between change
      in body weight and change in GH response to APO was discovered, suggesting that a
      changing body weight may contribute to the variability in subjects' response to
      APO.

PMID- 3406234
TI  - Influence of the cholinergic agonist RS 86 on normal sleep: sex and age effects.
AB  - In 36 healthy control subjects (21 females, 15 males; age range 18-65 years; mean
      age 41.8 years, SD 15.6 years), a bedtime dose of 1.5 mg RS 86, an orally acting
      cholinergic agonist, shortened rapid eye movement (REM) latency, increased REM
      sleep, and decreased slow-wave sleep. Six of the subjects (greater than 40 years
      old) even displayed sleep-onset REM periods after the drug. Results of the
      present study agree well with those of studies using other cholinomimetics (i.e.,
      physostigmine, arecholine) and confirm the importance of the cholinergic system
      for REM sleep regulation. Since RS 86 mimicked some of the REM sleep
      abnormalities specific for patients with depressive disorders, the cholinergic
      system may play a role in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of depressive
      diseases.

PMID- 3406235
TI  - A controlled trial of phenelzine in posttraumatic stress disorder.
AB  - Thirteen patients meeting DSM-III criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder
      participated in a random-assignment, double-blind crossover trial comparing
      phenelzine (45-75 mg/day) and placebo. Ten patients completed at least 4 weeks of
      each treatment phase. Clinical response to phenelzine did not differ from
      placebo, and overall improvement by the end of the study could not be attributed
      to the active drug. The findings are discussed in the light of preliminary
      reports suggesting that phenelzine may be an effective treatment for
      posttraumatic stress disorder.

PMID- 3406236
TI  - What happens after a hyperactive child commits an error?
AB  - Children with a diagnosis of attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity can
      correct errors, just as controls can. They differ from controls in how they
      adjust the speed of processing on a trial after they have committed an error.
      Controls are fast in responding after an error when cognitive load is small. When
      cognitive load is high, however, they take considerable time to ensure, after an
      error has occurred, that a correct response is given. After an error has been
      committed, hyperactive children, irrespective of the demands of load, have no
      response adjustment and maintain a constant rate of processing.

PMID- 3406237
TI  - Effects of trazodone treatment on serotonergic function in depressed patients.
AB  - Changes in serotonergic (5HT) neurotransmission may mediate the therapeutic
      actions of some antidepressant drugs. In the present study, the 5HT precursor L
      tryptophan (L-TRP) was administered intravenously to nine depressed patients
      before and during treatment with the triazolopyridine antidepressant trazodone
      (TRZ). Neuroendocrine, subjective mood, and cardiovascular responses to L-TRP
      were assessed. Unlike tricyclic antidepressants and monoamine oxidase inhibitors,
      TRZ did not enhance the prolactin response to L-TRP and had little effect on
      other measures. Since other studies indicate that the TRP-induced increase of
      prolactin in humans may reflect 5HT function, the present study suggests that TRZ
      treatment does not enhance net 5HT function in depressed patients.

PMID- 3406238
TI  - Monitoring of antidepressant response to ECT with polysomnographic recordings and
      the dexamethasone suppression test.
AB  - Ten patients treated with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) only were followed with
      serial sleep polysomnographic recordings and dexamethasone suppression tests
      (DSTs). Both biological correlates of depression showed improvement with ECT. The
      use of serial sleep measures and serial DSTs in monitoring the clinical response
      to ECT is discussed.

PMID- 3406239
TI  - Relationship of urinary free cortisol levels in patients with panic disorder to
      symptoms of depression and agoraphobia.
AB  - Sixty-five patients with panic disorder and 37 matched controls collected 24-hour
      urine specimens for measurement of urinary free cortisol. Although patients with
      panic disorder had significantly higher urinary free cortisol levels than control
      subjects, this difference was accounted for by panic disorder patients with
      concomitant depression, agoraphobia, or both. Urinary free cortisol excretion was
      not related to the age of onset of panic disorder, the number of spontaneous
      panic attacks, or the degree of impairment associated with the disorder. They
      were related, however, to the level of symptoms on both the Hamilton Rating Scale
      for Depression and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety in the entire group of
      panic patients, but this relationship disappeared when those patients with the
      complications of agoraphobia and depression were excluded. These data suggest
      that, as with primary depression, depression secondary to panic disorder, as well
      as to agoraphobia in panic disorder patients, is associated with hyperactivity of
      the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.

PMID- 3406240
TI  - The association of MHPG to dexamethasone suppression test status.
AB  - The results of the dexamethasone suppression test (DST) were compared to levels
      of 24-hour 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) in 60 patients with unipolar
      depression. DST nonsuppressors had significantly higher levels of MHPG than did
      DST suppressors. The possible implications of this finding are discussed.

PMID- 3406241
TI  - Assessment of sexual function in depressed, impotent, and healthy men: factor
      analysis of a Brief Sexual Function Questionnaire for men.
AB  - We report a study of sexual function in outpatient men with major depressive
      disorder (n = 42), compared with healthy control men (n = 37) and a clinic sample
      complaining of erectile dysfunction (n = 13). A principal-components factor
      analysis of the Brief Sexual Function Questionnaire confirmed differences in the
      clinical dimensions of sexual activity/performance, interest, satisfaction, and
      physiological competence. The four factors accounted for 72% of the variance in
      the analysis. Acceptable test-retest reliability, construct validity, and
      concurrent validity (with the Derogatis Sexual Function Inventory and a self
      report behavioral log) were demonstrated. Parallel observations with findings
      from previous nocturnal penile tumescence studies in these same men are
      discussed.

PMID- 3406242
TI  - Genetic control of serotonin uptake in blood platelets: a twin study.
AB  - Platelet serotonin (5HT) uptake was studied in 13 pairs of monozygotic (MZ)
      twins, 13 pairs of dizygotic (DZ) twins, and 14 pairs of unrelated normal
      volunteers. Significant intraclass correlations (ICC) in the affinity (Km) of 5HT
      uptake in the blood platelets of MZ and DZ twins and unrelated pairs were found.
      However, the ICC for maximum velocity (Vmax) was significant only in MZ and DZ
      twins. The ICC of the Vmax of 5HT uptake of MZ twins was significantly greater
      than that of DZ twins and unrelated pairs. This suggests that the Vmax of 5HT
      uptake in blood platelets is, in part, heritable. Thus, low platelet 5HT uptake
      (Vmax) in major depression and other disorders may be genetically determined.

PMID- 3406243
TI  - Cholinergic REM sleep induction by arecoline in normal subjects: relation to
      thyroid function.
AB  - Serum thyroid hormones and the speed of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep induction
      by the central muscarinic agonist arecoline were measured in 21 normal
      volunteers. The arecoline-REM induction latencies had a modestly significant
      negative correlation with free thyroxine index. This finding is discussed in the
      light of observations in animal studies that thyroid hormones stimulate central
      cholinergic neuronal function.

PMID- 3406244
TI  - Depressed mothers as informants in family history research--are they accurate?
AB  - A sample of 333 mother-child dyads was used to examine the association between
      major depression in mothers and children's symptoms. Findings based on children's
      self-reports were compared to findings based on mothers' reports about the
      children. Children's data support a depression-specific transmission. In
      contrast, mothers' data show an increased risk for all psychiatric syndromes
      covered in the study (including depression, anxiety, oppositionalism,
      inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity, and antisocial acts). Results from
      multivariate analysis support the hypothesis that the discrepancy between mothers
      and children is in part a function of the tendency of depressed mothers to view
      their children as more symptomatic. The use of probands as informants may lead to
      an overestimation of familial aggregation, if the affected probands suffer from
      major depression or depressive symptoms.

PMID- 3406245
TI  - Optimality in human motor performance: ideal control of rapid aimed movements.

PMID- 3406246
TI  - A retrieval theory of priming in memory.

PMID- 3406247
TI  - Comparison between two self-efficacy scales in maintenance of smoking cessation.

PMID- 3406248
TI  - Use of self-concept tests in differentiating between conduct disordered and
      emotionally disturbed students.

PMID- 3406249
TI  - Stability of suicide rates in small areas: England and Wales, 1873 and 1973.

PMID- 3406250
TI  - Luria's regulatory concept and its misplacement in verbal-nonverbal
      correspondence training.

PMID- 3406251
TI  - Self-disclosure, anxiety, and health worry in unscheduled outpatients.

PMID- 3406252
TI  - Prevention of sexual abuse for preschoolers: evaluation of a pilot program.

PMID- 3406253
TI  - Holland's hexagonal model applied to nontraditional premedical students.

PMID- 3406254
TI  - Young children's companion animal bonding and adults' pet attitudes: a
      retrospective study.

PMID- 3406255
TI  - MMPI profiles of native, Mexican-, and Caucasian-American male alcoholics.

PMID- 3406256
TI  - Personal violence (suicide and homicide) on Friday the 13th.

PMID- 3406257
TI  - Mensa membership and narcissism.

PMID- 3406258
TI  - Sensitivity of two visual reproduction tests to alcoholic brain impairment.

PMID- 3406259
TI  - Subjective life expectancy as a correlate of family life expectancy.

PMID- 3406260
TI  - Concurrent validity of the Quick Test, the Test of Nonverbal Intelligence, and
      the WISC-R for a sample of special education students.

PMID- 3406261
TI  - Psychology of the scientist: LVIII: Anxiety about research: an initial
      examination of a multidimensional concept.

PMID- 3406262
TI  - Relation between the defense mechanisms inventory and the coping operations
      preference enquiry.

PMID- 3406263
TI  - Aggressive behavior and lymphocyte damage.

PMID- 3406264
TI  - Sex differences in depression in early adolescents.

PMID- 3406265
TI  - Ability to discriminate rational responses to items on the irrational beliefs
      test as a predictor of rationality and trait anxiety.

PMID- 3406266
TI  - Homosexuals in the armed forces: a reply to Cameron, Cameron, and Proctor.

PMID- 3406267
TI  - Stress in nursing and intentions of leaving the profession.

PMID- 3406268
TI  - Effect of mental disorders on hospital readmission for medical/surgical patients.

PMID- 3406269
TI  - Effect upon outcome of nuances in selection criteria for ADHD/hyperactivity.

PMID- 3406270
TI  - SCL-90 assessed psychopathology in pathological gamblers.

PMID- 3406271
TI  - Correlations among measures of divorce adjustment, self-esteem, and health of the
      family of origin.

PMID- 3406272
TI  - Significant others of New Zealand and Filipino adolescents.

PMID- 3406273
TI  - Two inventories for the measurement of psychopathology: dimensions and common
      factorial space on Millon's clinical and Eysenck's General Personality Scales.

PMID- 3406274
TI  - Achievement, well-being, intelligence, and stress reaction in adult children of
      alcoholics.

PMID- 3406275
TI  - Emigration rates and personal violence indicated by suicide and homicide rates.

PMID- 3406276
TI  - Religion and personal violence (homicide and suicide) in the USA.

PMID- 3406277
TI  - Elderhostelers and college women coping with nuclear threat: a comparative study
      of thoughts and actions about Nuclear War.

PMID- 3406278
TI  - The critical mass hypothesis of suicide: a test in the United States of America.

PMID- 3406279
TI  - Students' attitudes toward hypothetical chronically and acutely mentally and
      physically ill individuals.

PMID- 3406280
TI  - The birthday blues for males and females.

PMID- 3406281
TI  - Career orientations, satisfaction and health among police officers: some
      consequences of person-job misfit.

PMID- 3406282
TI  - Low scores on MMPI Scales 2 and 0 as indicators of character pathology in men.

PMID- 3406283
TI  - A study of the relationships between personal characteristics, life events, the
      type A behavior pattern, and well-being in older adults.

PMID- 3406284
TI  - Selected personality correlates of assertiveness and aggressiveness.

PMID- 3406285
TI  - Jealousy in south-Italian married couples.

PMID- 3406286
TI  - Status integration and homicide.

PMID- 3406287
TI  - Modifying effects of coping strategies on the relation of organizational role
      stress and mental health.

PMID- 3406288
TI  - The experience of work stress as a function of stress in a primary relationship.

PMID- 3406289
TI  - Relationship of patients' pain reports to their requests in two medical settings.

PMID- 3406290
TI  - Pattern of emotional control and psychological reactions to breast cancer: a
      preliminary report.

PMID- 3406291
TI  - Response to Wilkinson and Schwartz on the epistemologies of adolescents.

PMID- 3406292
TI  - Attitudes toward aging in a southwestern sample: effects of ethnicity, age, and
      sex.

PMID- 3406293
TI  - Measuring Eriksonian development in the adult: the modified Erikson Psychosocial
      Stage Inventory.

PMID- 3406294
TI  - Dimensionality of coping: factor stability using the Ways of Coping
      Questionnaire.

PMID- 3406295
TI  - Effects of labeling patients "psychiatric" or "medical": favorability of traits
      ascribed by hospital staff.

PMID- 3406296
TI  - Age differences in personal health practices of rural women.

PMID- 3406297
TI  - Effects of beer and wine on male aggression as measured by a paper-and-pen test.

PMID- 3406298
TI  - Anxiety, conflict, and perception of everyday decisions.

PMID- 3406299
TI  - Factor analysis and reliability of the Burns Perfectionism Scale.

PMID- 3406300
TI  - Recreational drug use and psychopathology.

PMID- 3406301
TI  - Role-stress differences between salesmen and saleswomen: effect on job
      satisfaction and performance.

PMID- 3406302
TI  - Dialysis patients and patterns of symptom report on the Symptom Checklist-90-R.

PMID- 3406303
TI  - Measurement of symptom and behavior change in chronic psychiatric patients using
      the Missouri Inpatient Behavior Scale.

PMID- 3406304
TI  - Diurnal changes on the California Personality Inventory on work and leisure days.

PMID- 3406305
TI  - Further evidence of the validity of the O'Brien Multiphasic Narcissism Inventory.

PMID- 3406306
TI  - Evaluating dental faculty performance: perceptions of departmental chairpersons.

PMID- 3406307
TI  - The folklore of pregnancy.

PMID- 3406308
TI  - Scores on the profile of nonverbal sensitivity: a sample of Australian medical
      students.

PMID- 3406309
TI  - Suicide rates in birth cohorts in Australia.

PMID- 3406310
TI  - Is Hare's Psychopathy Checklist reliable without the interview?

PMID- 3406311
TI  - Career satisfaction of physicians, nurses, and pharmacists.

PMID- 3406312
TI  - Scores on the Interpersonal Reactivity Index: a sample of Australian medical
      students.

PMID- 3406313
TI  - Societal approval of suicide.

PMID- 3406314
TI  - What does the study of simulated suicide notes tell us?

PMID- 3406315
TI  - Effect of vitamin E on vitamin C-induced lymphocytopenia.

PMID- 3406316
TI  - Common and distinctive therapeutic change processes in client-centered, rational
      emotive, and experiential psychotherapies.

PMID- 3406317
TI  - Teaching adolescent psychology using popular song lyrics.

PMID- 3406318
TI  - Three hysterical movement disorders.

PMID- 3406319
TI  - Measuring stress in police officers.

PMID- 3406320
TI  - Psychology of computer use: III. Accessing the BIOSIS PREVIEWS database in
      clinical psychology.

PMID- 3406321
TI  - Relations among self-esteem, depression and anxiety of children.

PMID- 3406323
TI  - The significance of sleep onset and slow wave sleep for nocturnal release of
      growth hormone (GH) and cortisol.
AB  - The present experiments were designed to compare the influences of delayed sleep
      onset and temporary slow wave sleep (SWS) deprivation on nocturnal GH and
      cortisol release in humans. Polysomnographic recordings and blood samples were
      obtained from 10 male subjects each participating on three experimental nights.
      On all nights the subjects went to bed at 2300 h and were wakened at 0700 h. On
      the baseline night, the lights were turned off at 2300 h, enabling the subject to
      fall asleep. To delay sleep onset, on the second night, the subjects were kept
      awake until 0200 h. On the third night, the subjects were deprived of SWS between
      2300 h and 0200 h. SWS deprivation was accomplished by sounding a tone as soon as
      it appeared the subject was going into stage 3 sleep. The order of experimental
      conditions was randomized. On the baseline nights, the occurrence of SWS was
      closely associated with the occurrence of GH secretory bursts, and plasma
      cortisol concentrations were low at that time. Delaying sleep onset after 0200 h
      substantially delayed the GH secretory bursts, which again coincided with the
      initial periods of SWS. Deprivation of SWS between 2300 h and 0200 h did not
      significantly reduce the time spent in SWS, because it recovered after the
      deprivation was discontinued. On these nights, the GH secretory peaks were not
      significantly changed in amplitude. However, they were dissociated from SWS,
      because they occurred mostly subsequent to sleep onset rather than during the
      main epochs of SWS occurring after 0200 h. Nocturnal cortisol release was
      distinctly delayed with delayed sleep onset, whereas temporary SWS suppression
      had no significant effect. Thus, the timing of both nocturnal GH and cortisol
      secretion seems more dependent on sleep onset than on SWS.

PMID- 3406322
TI  - Manipulation of a central circadian clock regulating behavioral and endocrine
      rhythms with a short-acting benzodiazepine used in the treatment of insomnia.
AB  - Abnormal circadian rhythms have been linked to at least some forms of depression
      and to disturbances in the sleep-wake cycle. In addition, mental and physical
      disorders that are associated with rapid travel across time zones (i.e. the jet
      lag syndrome) and with rotating shift-work schedules, are thought to involve a
      disruption of normal circadian rhythmicity. It might be possible to alleviate
      some of the adverse effects of abnormal circadian rhythms if pharmacological
      agents could be used to manipulate the central circadian pacemaker(s) that
      regulate these rhythms. Studies in our laboratory indicate that treatment with a
      short-acting benzodiazepine, triazolam, can induce major shifts in both
      behavioral and endocrine circadian rhythms in hamsters under a variety of
      experimental conditions. In the absence of a synchronizing light-dark cycle (i.e.
      during exposure to constant light or constant dark), single or multiple
      injections of triazolam can induce a permanent phase shift in both the circadian
      rhythm of locomotor activity and the circadian rhythm of pituitary LH release. In
      addition, repeated daily injections of triazolam can alter the entrained phase
      relationship of the circadian activity rhythm to a fixed light-dark cycle, and
      following a shift in the light-dark cycle, a single injection of triazolam can
      facilitate the time it takes for the activity rhythm to be resynchronized to the
      new lighting schedule. Thus, triazolam, or drugs with similar phase-shifting
      effects on the mammalian circadian system, might be useful in the treatment of
      various physical and mental illnesses that have been associated with a disorder
      in circadian time-keeping in humans.

PMID- 3406324
TI  - Effect of dexamethasone on cortisol and prolactin responses to meals in bulimic
      and normal women.
AB  - In normal individuals, serum cortisol and prolactin concentrations have been
      shown to rise following a mid-day meal. To determine whether abnormalities of the
      hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis in bulimics lead to a disrupted hormonal
      response to eating, cortisol and prolactin responses to meals (600 kcal, 30%
      protein, 30% fat, 40% carbohydrate) were studied on two consecutive days in six
      normal weight bulimics and six normal volunteers. Dexamethasone (1 mg orally) was
      administered at 2330 h after baseline sampling. During baseline sampling,
      cortisol concentrations were significantly higher in the bulimics (18.2 +/- 0.9
      micrograms/dl, mean +/- SEM) than in the normals (12.1 +/- 0.4 micrograms/dl) (p
      less than 0.001). Post-dexamethasone cortisol concentrations also were higher in
      the bulimics (5.7 +/- 0.3 micrograms/dl) than in the normals (1.2 +/- 0.2
      micrograms/dl) (p less than 0.001). The three bulimics with a major depressive
      disorder had higher peak post-dexamethasone cortisol concentrations than the
      nondepressed bulimics. Dexamethasone significantly enhanced the prolactin
      response to meals among both bulimics (at 90 min post onset of eating) and
      normals (at 60, 75 and 90 min post onset of eating). This enhancement of the
      prolactin response to meals by dexamethasone is opposite to the inhibitory effect
      of dexamethasone on stress-induced prolactin release and suggesting that stress
      induced and meal-induced prolactin release involve different neuroendocrine
      mechanisms.

PMID- 3406325
TI  - Short-term patterns of pulsatile luteinizing hormone secretion do not differ
      between male-to-female transsexuals and heterosexual men.
AB  - This study tested whether there is a difference in the pulsatile LH secretion
      between male-to-female transsexuals and eugonadal heterosexual men. The mean
      serum LH concentrations, the LH pulse frequency, and the LH pulse amplitude were
      compared between a group of eight male-to-female transsexuals and a group of 22
      heterosexual men. Blood samples for LH determinations were collected every 10 min
      for seven hours. 17-beta-estradiol and testosterone were measured at the
      beginning of each test. There were no significant differences between the
      heterosexual and transsexual group in LH pulse frequency (3.9 +/- 1.3 vs. 3.9 +/-
      1.7), LH pulse amplitude (3.7 +/- 1.3 U/l vs. 3.0 +/- 0.5 U/l), mean serum LH
      concentration (5.2 +/- 1.4 U/l vs. 5.4 +/- 1.1 U/l), 17-beta-estradiol (0.07 +/-
      0.01 nmol/l vs. 0.08 +/- 0.02 nmol/l), or testosterone (22.9 +/- 3.7 nmol/l vs.
      21.8 +/- 8.0 nmol/l). We conclude that the pulsatile release characteristics of
      LH do not allow a distinction between eugonadal heterosexual men and eugonadal
      male-to-female transsexuals.

PMID- 3406326
TI  - Event-related potentials to time-deviant and pitch-deviant tones.

PMID- 3406327
TI  - Event-related potentials to breaks in sequences of alternating pitches or
      interstimulus intervals.

PMID- 3406328
TI  - Parental history of hypertension and myocardial infarction predicts
      cardiovascular responses to behavioral stressors in middle-aged men and women.

PMID- 3406329
TI  - Heart rate offset responses to visual stimuli in infants from 14 to 26 weeks of
      age.

PMID- 3406330
TI  - Psychophysiological predictors of attentional dysfunction in children with
      congenital heart defects.

PMID- 3406331
TI  - Temporal dynamics of human auditory selective attention.

PMID- 3406332
TI  - Stimulus-specific patterns of cardiovascular reactivity in type A and B subjects:
      evidence for enhanced vagal reactivity in type B.

PMID- 3406333
TI  - Toward a functional categorization of slow waves.

PMID- 3406334
TI  - Relation of learned heart rate control to self-report in different task
      environments.

PMID- 3406335
TI  - Brown and Eccles' depiction of vagal effects: an old and widely used method
      reexamined.

PMID- 3406336
TI  - A microcomputer program for analyzing impedance cardiograph data.

PMID- 3406337
TI  - [Psychodiagnostic predictors for the postoperative prognosis of duodenal ulcer].

PMID- 3406338
TI  - [Social support and stresses in patients with duodenal ulcer].

PMID- 3406339
TI  - [Apology of neurotic delinquency].

PMID- 3406340
TI  - Linking mental and medical health care: an unfinished task.

PMID- 3406341
TI  - Hypomagnesemia in patients with eating disorders.

PMID- 3406342
TI  - Outcome prediction by MMPI in subtypes of anorexia nervosa.

PMID- 3406343
TI  - Psychosocial sequelae of bariatric surgery: a pilot study.

PMID- 3406344
TI  - Adjustment of children and parents to chronic hemodialysis.

PMID- 3406345
TI  - Psychopathology and epilepsy: an outpatient consultation-liaison experience.

PMID- 3406346
TI  - Antihypertensive drug therapy in alcohol dependence.

PMID- 3406347
TI  - Depression after hysterectomy: a comparative study.

PMID- 3406348
TI  - Emergency psychiatric consultation to medical-surgical services.

PMID- 3406349
TI  - CT scanning in psychiatric inpatients: II. Clinical data predicting scan results.

PMID- 3406350
TI  - Clonazepam treatment of atypical bipolar disorder.

PMID- 3406351
TI  - Psychological consultation and psychosomatic diagnosis.

PMID- 3406352
TI  - Electroconvulsive therapy in the treatment of combined depression and Parkinson's
      disease.

PMID- 3406353
TI  - Frequency of hypoglycemic delirium in a psychiatric emergency service.

PMID- 3406354
TI  - Meningioma with depression: ECT risk or benefit?

PMID- 3406355
TI  - Amoxapine treatment of psychogenic vomiting and depression.

PMID- 3406356
TI  - Episodic depression and hypomania with temporal EEG paroxysms.

PMID- 3406357
TI  - Carbamazepine use in assaultive patients.

PMID- 3406358
TI  - Follow-up to successful psychiatric therapy.

PMID- 3406359
TI  - Reactions to difficult patients.

PMID- 3406360
TI  - On the probability of interaction between elementary radiation-induced
      chromosomal injuries.
AB  - Within the Theory of Dual Radiation Action, the heuristically useful function,
      gamma(chi), that two energy depositions, a distance chi apart, will result in
      observable damage can be written in terms of two more fundamental quantities:
      One, s(chi), describes the structure of the sensitive matrix of the cell. The
      other, g(chi), describes the probability that two elementary injuries, a distance
      chi apart, will combine to produce observable damage. A priori, the known
      enhancement exhibited by gamma(chi) at nanometer separations could be due to an
      enhancement of s(chi), g(chi) or both. For the endpoint of chromatid exchanges in
      Chinese hamster cells, gamma(chi) has been evaluated from experimental data and
      s(chi) from a model system. From these g(chi) has been estimated and is roughly
      constant below approximately 1 micron, decreasing rapidly at larger separations.
      Thus the enhanced short-range effect appears to be a function more of the spatial
      characteristics of the target rather than the probability of damage interaction.

PMID- 3406361
TI  - Analysis of X-ray induced aberrations in mammalian chromosomes by electrofusion
      induced premature chromosome condensation.
AB  - Premature chromosome condensation (PCC) was induced by electrofusion of metaphase
      cells of an Ehrlich ascites tumor cell line with interphase cells of a Muntjac
      cell line or of a Chinese Hamster subline. Electrofusion was performed by cell
      alignment in a weakly inhomogeneous a.c. field of 200 V/cm amplitude (peak-to
      peak value) and of 1.7 MHz frequency, followed by the application of a series of
      breakdown (fusion) pulses of 5 kV/cm strength and 15 microseconds duration. Most
      of the PCC's were of the G2 type despite the large proportion of G1 and S cells
      in the suspension. The number of chromatid aberrations observed in electrofused
      cells which had not been subjected to irradiation was not significantly above the
      spontaneous level. This indicates that electrofusion, at least as used here, did
      not lead to lesions expressed as structural aberrations. When interphase cells
      were irradiated by X-ray doses below 3 Gy before electrofusion PCC analysis
      showed chromosome damage consisting mainly of breaks and gaps. The frequency of
      aberrations recorded by PCC was 6 to 40 fold larger than that seen in
      conventional metaphase analysis. This large increase probably arose because of an
      effective suppression of the G2 repair of chromosomal lesions by the fast
      condensation process which took place within about 30 min. This assumption was
      supported by PCC experiments in which the time between X-irradiation and fusion
      with subsequent chromosome condensation was varied. The results demonstrated that
      G2 repair of chromosomal lesions was not detectable until 20 min after fusion
      with a half-time of the repair kinetics of about 1.5 h. The selectivity of
      premature chromosome condensation in G2 cells is discussed in terms of the
      differences between electrofusion and chemically or virally induced fusion. It is
      assumed that the concentration and the transfer rate of the chromosome
      condensation factor from the metaphase to the interphase cell are the limiting
      factors in achieving PCC. This is because the localised permeabilisation of the
      membrane and the dominance of two-cell fusions are characteristic of
      electrofusion.

PMID- 3406362
TI  - Benzamide-inhibitable alterations in spectral properties of chromatin accompany
      DNA repair in UVC-exposed L5178Y cells.
AB  - We examined the response of chromatin to increasing NaCl and MgCl2 concentrations
      in UVC-irradiated L5178Y (LY) R and S cells, using the spectral index method
      (Dixon and Burkholder 1985). We have found an alteration in chromatin properties
      1 h after UVC-irradiation of repair proficient LY-S cells, but no change in
      repair deficient LY-R cells. The change was shown as lowered spectral index,
      indicating that at given Na+ and Mg++ concentrations (1 or 200 mM NaCl, 0 or 0.5
      mM MgCl2) chromatin from UVC-irradiated LY-S cells was more compact than that
      from unirradiated ones. Benzamide treatment reversed the effect of UVC
      irradiation in LY-S cells and did not change the response pattern of chromatin
      from LY-R cells or unirradiated LY-S cells.

PMID- 3406363
TI  - Radon estimation in some Indian tobacco, tea and tooth powder using CR-39 nuclear
      track detector.
AB  - Radon contents in some samples of tobacco, tea and tooth powder have been
      estimated using CR-39 solid state nuclear track detectors. The Radon content in
      tobacco has been found to vary from 14.06 +/- 1.4 to 89.91 +/- 3.3 mBq/l. The
      Radon content in tea and tooth powder has been found to vary from 27.38 +/- 1.8
      to 41.81 +/- 2.2 mBq/l and 26.27 +/- 1.4 to 413 +/- 6.0 mBq/l respectively. The
      present investigations are useful from the health hazards point of view.

PMID- 3406364
TI  - Lack of inductively-generated 60-Hz, 3 V.m-1 electric field effect on CHO cell
      plating efficiency.
AB  - Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) fibroblasts were exposed or sham-exposed to
      inductively-generated 60-Hz, 3.1 V.m-1 fields for 24 h. The absolute plating
      efficiency of the cells was determined immediately following the field
      exposure/sham-exposure, and after one week of post-exposure incubation. One-way
      analyses of variance performed on replicate experimental treatment means
      indicated no treatment effect on cell colony-forming ability.

PMID- 3406365
TI  - Cell survival and recovery processes in Chinese hamster AA8 cells and in two
      radiosensitive clones.
AB  - Cell survival and recovery after gamma irradiation were investigated in a Chinese
      hamster ovary cell line (AA8) and in two radiosensitive clones (EM9 and NM2)
      derived from it. When analyzed by the multitarget and linear-quadratic equations,
      the dose-response curves for survival of both EM9 and NM2 cells, compared with
      AA8 cells, were characterized by a decreased magnitude of the shoulder or single
      hit region (as reflected by Dq or alpha, respectively) but no difference in the
      terminal slope or double-hit region (as reflected by DO or beta, respectively).
      Recovery from sublethal damage (SLD) and potentially lethal damage (PLD) was
      measured in the three cell lines to examine the relationship between the shoulder
      width of the survival curve and the magnitude of cellular recovery. NM2 cells
      exhibited a reduced shoulder on their survival curve and a reduced capacity for
      SLD recovery, compared with AA8 cells, after equitoxic doses of radiation. EM9
      cells, which also had a reduced shoulder on their survival curve, displayed the
      same rate and extent of recovery as AA8 cells for both SLD and PLD. PLD recovery,
      as assayed in fed plateau-phase NM2 cells by delayed plating, occurred with
      slower initial kinetics but to the same final extent as that in AA8 cells,
      resulting in modification of both the shoulder and the slope of the survival
      curve. However, PLD recovery, as assayed in log-phase NM2 cells by
      postirradiation treatment with hypertonic salt, was normal and affected
      predominantly the slope of the survival curve. These data demonstrate that
      although both SLD and PLD recovery play a role in determining cell survival, cell
      survival curve parameters may not always be useful in predicting cellular
      recovery capacity.

PMID- 3406366
TI  - An epidemiological assessment of lens opacifications that impaired vision in
      patients injected with radium-224.
AB  - The incidence of lens opacifications that impaired vision (cataract) was analyzed
      among 831 patients who were injected with known dosages of 224Ra in Germany
      shortly after World War II. The dependence of the incidence on dosage, i.e.,
      injected activity per unit body weight, and on time after treatment was
      determined. The observations are equally consistent with proportionality of the
      incidence of cataract to the square of dosage or with a linear dependence beyond
      a threshold of 0.5 MBq/kg. The possibility of a linear dependence without
      threshold was strongly rejected (P less than 0.001). The analysis of temporal
      dependences yielded a component that was correlated with the injected amount of
      224Ra and a component that was uncorrelated. The former was inferred by a maximum
      likelihood analysis to increase approximately as the square of the time after
      treatment. The component unrelated to the treatment was found to increase steeply
      with age and to become dominant within the collective of patients between age 50
      and 60. The relative magnitudes of the two components were such that a fraction
      of 55 to 60% of the total of 58 cataracts had to be ascribed to the dose-related
      incidence. Impaired vision due to cataract was diagnosed before age 54 in 25
      cases. In terms of injected activity per unit body weight no dependence of the
      sensitivity on age was found; specifically there was no indication of a faster
      occurrence of the treatment-related cataracts in patients treated at older ages.

PMID- 3406367
TI  - Hyperthermia blocks DNA processing at the nuclear matrix.
AB  - The capacity of control and heated HeLa cells to process newly polymerized DNA at
      the nuclear matrix was measured. DNA which had been pulse-labeled with
      [3H]thymidine was enriched by a factor of up to 6 at the cell's nuclear matrix.
      During continuous exposure to [3H]thymidine at 37 degrees C this enrichment for
      pulse-labeled DNA was reversed with a half-time of 7 min. We interpret this
      processing of newly replicated DNA to be a distribution of newly polymerized DNA
      throughout replicon-sized nuclear DNA domains. Both processing of newly
      polymerized DNA at the nuclear matrix and ligation of replicon clusters into the
      interphase cell chromosome were halted by incubation of cells at temperatures at
      or above 43 degrees C. When HeLa cells were pulse-labeled during a 30-min
      incubation at 45 degrees C and replaced at 37 degrees C, the enrichment for 3H
      labeled DNA at the nuclear matrix was reversed with an initial half-time of 4 h.
      The results indicate that exposure of cells to hyperthermic temperatures blocks
      ongoing nascent DNA processing at the nuclear matrix and results in a retardation
      of DNA processing in preheated cells replaced at 37 degrees C.

PMID- 3406368
TI  - Mutation induction by very low dose rate gamma rays in cultured mouse leukemia
      cells L5178Y.
AB  - Induction of cell killing and mutation to 6-thioguanine resistance was studied in
      growing mouse leukemia cells in culture following gamma rays at dose rates of 30
      Gy/h, 20 cGy/h, and 6.3 mGy/h, i.e., acute, low dose rate, and very low dose rate
      irradiation. A marked increase was observed in the cell survival with decreasing
      dose rate; no reduction in the surviving fraction was detected after irradiation
      at 6.3 mGy/h until a total dose of 4 Gy. Similarly, the induced mutation
      frequency decreased after low dose rate irradiation compared to acute
      irradiation. However, the frequency after irradiation at 6.3 mGy/h was
      unexpectedly high and remained at a level which was intermediate between acute
      and low dose rate irradiation. No appreciable changes were observed in the
      responses to acute gamma rays (in terms of cell killing and mutation induction)
      in the cells which had experienced very low dose rate irradiation.

PMID- 3406369
TI  - Postirradiation modification of tumor blood flow: a method to increase the
      effectiveness of chemical radiosensitizers.
AB  - The effect of postirradiation hypoxia induced by administration of the
      vasodilator hydralazine on the efficacy of misonidazole and RSU-1069 used in
      combination with radiation has been evaluated. Studies with the Lewis lung
      carcinoma indicate that hydralazine at a dose of 5 mg/kg reduces tumor blood flow
      and consequently increases the amount of hypoxia in the tumor tissue.
      Administration of hydralazine immediately after radiation treatment increased the
      amount of cell kill. However, the increase in cell kill was more pronounced when
      hydralazine was used in treatment regimes in which misonidazole (0.2 mg/g) or RSU
      1069 (0.02 mg/g) was administered pre- or postirradiation. The finding that
      similar effects are observed if the nitroimidazoles were administered either
      before or after radiation in the regimes involving hydralazine suggests that the
      enhanced cell killing observed is due to hypoxic cell cytotoxicity. In contrast
      to the effects of hydralazine on the response of tumors to radiation plus
      misonidazole or RSU-1069, it has no effect on the response of mouse intestine to
      such treatment regimes. Thus therapeutic gain may accrue from the use of
      hydralazine in radiation treatments which incorporate the nitroimidazole
      radiosensitizers misonidazole and RSU-1069.

PMID- 3406370
TI  - Cardiopulmonary function of dogs with plutonium-induced chronic lung injury.
AB  - Beagle dogs had signs of restrictive lung disease 1 to 5 years after exposure by
      inhalation to 239PuO2 aerosols. The 239PuO2 aerosols were monodisperse with
      activity median aerodynamic diameters of 0.75, 1.5, or 3.0 microns. The plutonium
      particles produced protracted alpha irradiation of the lungs. Ten dogs had
      specific initial pulmonary burdens (IPB) of 330 to 4,100 kBq of 239PuO2/kg of
      body mass. The average onset time of clinical signs of lung injury was 3 years
      after exposure; the average time from the onset of signs until cardiorespiratory
      function evaluation was 5.5 years. A second group of 10 dogs had IPB of 110 to
      2000 kBq of 239Pu/kg of body mass but no signs of lung injury. A third group of
      10 dogs, not exposed to 239Pu, were matched for age and sex. Cardiopulmonary
      function tests were performed. Only the dogs in group I with signs of lung injury
      had a mild respiratory function disorder consisting of smaller lung volumes,
      reduced compliance, increased respiratory frequency and minute volume, and
      reduced carbon monoxide diffusing capacity. Cardiac function of all three groups
      was similar. These findings indicate that alpha irradiation of the lungs of man
      could produce restrictive lung disease at long times after initial exposure.

PMID- 3406371
TI  - Cell-cycle-dependent repair of potentially lethal damage in the XR-1 gamma-ray
      sensitive Chinese hamster ovary cell.
AB  - Repair of potentially lethal damage (PLD) was investigated in a gamma-ray
      sensitive Chinese hamster cell mutant, XR-1, and its parent by comparing survival
      of plateau-phase cells plated immediately after irradiation with cells plated
      after a delay. Previous work indicated that XR-1 cells are deficient in repair of
      double-strand DNA breaks and are gamma-ray sensitive in G1 but have near normal
      sensitivity and repair capacity in late S phase. At irradiation doses from 0 to
      1.0 Gy (100 to 10% survival), the delayed- and immediate-plating survival curves
      of XR-1 cells were identical; however, at doses greater than 1.0 Gy a significant
      increase in survival was observed when plating was delayed (PLD repair),
      approaching a 20-fold increase at 8 Gy. Elimination of S-phase cells by
      [3H]thymidine suicide dramatically increased gamma-ray sensitivity of plateau
      phase XR-1 mutant cells and reduced by 600-fold the number of cells capable of
      PLD repair after a 6-Gy dose. In contrast, elimination of S-phase cells in
      plateau-phase parental cells did not alter PLD repair. These results suggest that
      the majority of PLD repair observed in plateau-phase XR-1 cells occurs in S-phase
      cells while G1 cells perform little PLD repair. In contrast, G1 cells account for
      the majority of PLD repair in plateau-phase parental cells. Thus, in the XR-1
      mutant, a cell's ability to repair PLD seems to depend upon the stage of the cell
      cycle at which the irradiation is delivered. A possible explanation for these
      findings is discussed.

PMID- 3406372
TI  - Life shortening in mice exposed to fission neutrons and gamma rays. VII. Effects
      of 60 once-weekly exposures.
AB  - A total of 6316 B6CF1 mice were exposed to 60 equal once-weekly doses of 0.85-MeV
      fission neutrons (0.033 to 0.67 cGy per weekly fraction) or 60Co gamma rays (1.67
      to 10 cGy per weekly fraction) and were observed until they died. The mean
      aftersurvival times showed that the dose-response curves for both neutron and
      gamma-ray exposures were indistinguishable from linear over all doses except the
      highest neutron dose. The relative biological effectiveness (RBE) for neutrons,
      calculated as the ratio of the initial slopes of the dose-response curves, was
      about 20 for both males and females. Essentially the same value was obtained by a
      number of other analyses of the data. Virtually all of the radiation-specific
      excess mortality could be attributed to tumors; after decrementation of the
      population for nontumor deaths, the value of the RBE was not significantly
      changed.

PMID- 3406374
TI  - Computerised arthrotomography of the shoulder joint.

PMID- 3406373
TI  - Effects of pentobarbital anesthesia on the energy metabolism of murine tumors
      studied by in vivo 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
AB  - The effects of pentobarbital anesthesia on the energy metabolism of FSaII and
      MCaIV foot tumors in mice were studied by 31P MRS. Using an 8.5 T spectrometer,
      in vivo spectra were obtained in 15 animals before and after pentobarbital
      anesthesia (0.05 mg/g ip). The average phosphocreatine/inorganic phosphate ratios
      (PCr/Pi) with and without pentobarbital were similar for both tumor histologies.
      Effects on individual tumors, however, were greater than 20% in 9/15 animals and
      greater than 50% in 6/15 animals. Pentobarbital anesthesia increased the
      variability of tumor intracellular pH, and the phosphomonoester/nucleotide
      triphosphate (PME/NTP) and nucleotide triphosphate/inorganic phosphate ratios
      (NTP/Pi). When examining the average in a cohort, pentobarbital anesthesia had no
      significant effect on the PCr/Pi, PME/NTP, NTP/Pi ratios or the pH. However,
      approximately equal to 50% of individual tumors do have significant changes in
      these parameters. The anesthesia-induced variability of tumor energy metabolism
      may explain the decrease in TCD50 observed in previous studies using
      multifraction radiation.

PMID- 3406375
TI  - Cerebral angiography using the femoral catheterisation technique.

PMID- 3406376
TI  - Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva: a case study.

PMID- 3406377
TI  - X-ray rooms as controlled areas.

PMID- 3406378
TI  - Procedure for aortic valvuloplasty.

PMID- 3406379
TI  - The unstable shoulder--a problem solved.

PMID- 3406380
TI  - The personality of radiographers: empathy dimensions and the management of
      occupational problems and stress.

PMID- 3406381
TI  - Direct coronal imaging of the abdomen and pelvis.

PMID- 3406382
TI  - Pneumoconiosis: an occupational hazard.
AB  - The use of radiography to detect pneumoconiosis is a familiar task to
      radiographers in coal mining states. This article includes a discussion on
      pneumoconiosis and coal workers' pneumoconiosis (black lung) as well as the
      radiographic findings associated with pneumoconiosis and the federal act that
      established the black lung program in the United States.

PMID- 3406384
TI  - A no sweat artifact.

PMID- 3406383
TI  - Cerebral angiography of the dog.
AB  - Cerebral angiography of the dog performed in the radiology research laboratory is
      used to demonstrate the results of surgical and imaging research for which the
      canine model is used. This article describes the catheterization and radiographic
      techniques of a cerebral angiogram performed in the evaluation of a canine model
      being developed for use in a study of cerebral aneurysms.

PMID- 3406385
TI  - Updating clinical skills: an issue for faculty and others.

PMID- 3406386
TI  - Inventory management.
AB  - Inventories must be managed if the radiology manager is to maintain an efficient
      budget. As pressures to reduce expenditures and streamline budgets in the health
      care industry continue, an efficiently managed budget no longer remains an
      option. Technologists must pay close attention to inappropriate uses of inventory
      items so that the radiology manager is provided with appropriate information
      regarding current usages and misusages. This responsibility cannot be solely
      vested in the functions of the radiology manager, but must become a
      responsibility of which all technologists are cognizant.

PMID- 3406388
TI  - Comments on the limited scope technologist.

PMID- 3406387
TI  - Error on scatter error?

PMID- 3406389
TI  - Standard setting in ARRT examinations--part II.

PMID- 3406390
TI  - Financial inertia.

PMID- 3406391
TI  - Colonic lymphoid follicles associated with colonic neoplasms.
AB  - In 3,399 patients more than 40 years of age undergoing air-contrast enema
      examinations a prospective evaluation was done for the presence of colonic
      lymphoid follicles. In 3,315 patients there was no evidence of lymphoid
      follicles. Colonic neoplasms were diagnosed in 8.47% of these individuals. Eighty
      four patients were found to have radiographically identifiable follicles. Fifty
      eight of these 84 patients (69%) with lymphoid follicles had a synchronous (n =
      19) or previous (n = 14) colonic neoplasm or a synchronous (n = 24) or previous
      (n = 1) colonic polyp. There were no consistent clinical or radiographic features
      that distinguished the patients with and without a neoplastic association.
      However, 90% of men with lymphoid follicles had associated neoplasms, whereas
      only 58% of women did. Because of the frequent association, detection of colonic
      lymphoid follicles in patients in this age group should lead to a vigorous search
      for subtle colonic neoplasms that may not be apparent because of technical
      limitations of the study.

PMID- 3406392
TI  - Percutaneous cholecystostomy: anatomic considerations.
AB  - In 100 consecutive patients undergoing abdominal computed tomography, the
      anatomic relationships among the gallbladder fundus, liver, and right hemicolon
      were evaluated to assess the feasibility of direct transperitoneal versus
      percutaneous transhepatic cholecystostomy. In only 17% of patients was there no
      interposition of colon or liver between the skin and the gallbladder fundus. In
      13% of patients the right hemicolon lay between the gallbladder fundus and skin.
      In the remaining 70% of patients, the gallbladder fundus was positioned posterior
      to the liver margin. Thus, in 83% of patients studied, percutaneous
      cholecystostomy would necessitate a transhepatic approach.

PMID- 3406393
TI  - Second-screening mammography: one versus two views per breast.
AB  - To compare the advantages of one-view versus two-view second-screening (follow
      up) mammography, oblique and craniocaudal projection mammograms from 1,000
      consecutive asymptomatic women who had prior normal baseline studies were
      reviewed retrospectively, first with only the oblique images, then with the
      oblique and craniocaudal views. In women with dense breasts, one-view (oblique
      only) readings resulted in abnormal interpretations four times more frequently
      (53 cases, 5.3%) than two-view readings (13 cases, 1.3%). The induced cost from
      these abnormal interpretations would have more than offset the small savings in
      operating expense associated with one-view screening. In contrast, four times
      fewer abnormal one-view interpretations (13 cases, 1.3%) were made in women with
      primarily fatty breasts, in whom superimposition of dense tissue on images is not
      as frequently a problem. In these women, considering only cost, it may be
      reasonable to obtain a single mediolateral oblique projection for follow-up
      screening mammography. However, the issue of whether to implement such an
      approach remains unresolved, because the sensitivity of one-view versus two-view
      second screening in the detection of breast cancer has not yet been determined.

PMID- 3406394
TI  - Comparison of two screen-film combinations in contact and magnification
      mammography: detectability of microcalcifications.
AB  - A new dual-screen, dual-emulsion-film combination that allows a decrease in
      radiation dose of approximately 66% was compared with a widely used single
      screen, single-emulsion-film system in contact and magnification mammography.
      Clustered microcalcifications randomly superimposed on a breast phantom were
      detected, and the location and number of individual calcifications were
      determined by four observers. The detectability of calcifications, determined
      with a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis area, was 0.92 for
      magnification and 0.82 for contact mammography with the single-emulsion-film
      system, compared with 0.84 and 0.72, respectively, with the dual-emulsion-film
      system. More clusters were correctly located and more individual calcifications
      were counted with magnification than with contact mammography. The dual-emulsion
      film system with the magnification technique performs as well as the single
      emulsion-film system with the contact technique, while retaining a decrease in
      required dose of approximately 40%.

PMID- 3406395
TI  - Induced costs of low-cost screening mammography.
AB  - Telephone follow-up in a recent low-cost ($50) mammography screening project in
      Orange County, California, was done to determine the detection rate and the
      induced costs of detection of small breast cancers. Because 403 of 2,261 (18%)
      women screened required additional evaluation and the cost of evaluation per
      abnormal mammogram averaged $607, the actual cost per cancer detected was
      $25,500. At least five cancers were detected per 1,000 women screened, and only
      17% of the cancers involved the axillary lymph nodes. The costs of screening
      mammograms accounted for less than one-third of total costs, with surgical
      consultations and biopsies for benign disease representing the major induced
      costs of screening.

PMID- 3406396
TI  - Digital chest radiography: effect on diagnostic accuracy of hard copy,
      conventional video, and reversed gray scale video display formats.
AB  - Observer performance tests were conducted to compare the effects on diagnostic
      accuracy of hard copy (film) versus video display and to determine the diagnostic
      merits of conventional negative ("white bone") versus positive ("black bone")
      video displays. Subjective preferences were elicited from each observer for each
      display modality, and diagnostic accuracy was determined with receiver operating
      characteristic analysis. Digitized chest radiographs were used, including normal
      and abnormal cases with a variety of subtle abnormalities. The hard copy was
      printed with a 1,024 X 1,024-matrix by a high-quality drum scanner in
      conventional white bone format only. The video images were displayed on a 1,023
      line monitor (30 Hz, interlaced) in both white bone and black bone formats with
      fixed window and brightness settings. Most observers preferred hard copy to
      video, but preferences were sharply divided between white bone and black bone
      video. Diagnostic accuracy was significantly greater with hard copy than with
      video display, and the conventional white bone format was significantly superior
      in accuracy to the black bone display.

PMID- 3406397
TI  - Chronic traumatic diaphragmatic hernia: the significance of pleural effusion.
AB  - Five patients with chronic traumatic diaphragmatic hernia presented with symptoms
      of acute intestinal obstruction and unilateral pleural effusion. In each case,
      infarcted herniated abdominal structures were found at surgery. The presence of
      an ipsilateral pleural effusion is an important radiographic sign, which may
      indicate strangulation in patients with chronic traumatic diaphragmatic hernia.

PMID- 3406398
TI  - Shoulder instability: evaluation with MR imaging.
AB  - Instability of the glenohumeral joint is a common cause of chronic shoulder pain
      and disability. One or more episodes of subluxation or dislocation may result in
      a tear, detachment, or attenuation of the glenoid labrum, stripping of the joint
      capsule from the scapula, or trauma to the tendons or muscles of the rotator
      cuff. A series of 27 shoulders examined with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging
      showed changes of glenohumeral instability, which were confirmed with open or
      arthroscopic surgery. MR imaging was capable of displaying common types of
      pathologic conditions resulting from instability, including labral trauma,
      capsular detachment, and retraction of the subscapularis muscle. MR imaging is a
      valuable diagnostic tool for the evaluation of glenohumeral instability.

PMID- 3406399
TI  - Peribursal fat plane of the shoulder: anatomic study and clinical experience.
AB  - A comprehensive anatomic and radiographic analysis of the peribursal fat plane in
      12 cadavers confirmed that the fat plane seen on radiographs represents
      extrasynovial fat lining the subacromial bursa and documented the anatomic
      relations of the bursa. A three-part retrospective clinical evaluation of rotator
      cuff tears, calcific tendinitis, and rheumatoid arthritis was performed. Two
      osteoradiologists blindly graded the appearance of the peribursal fat plane with
      the shoulder in external versus internal rotation in 21 patients with
      arthrographically intact rotator cuffs and 21 patients with disrupted rotator
      cuffs. The peribursal fat plane was seen better with disrupted rotator cuffs. The
      peribursal fat plane was seen better with the shoulder in internal rotation and
      was seen in 60% of control subjects but only 21% of patients with rotator cuff
      tears. Partial or complete obliteration of this fat plane is a sensitive (79%)
      but less specific (60%) indicator of rotator cuff tears. Obliteration of the
      peribursal fat plane by inflammatory processes in adjacent tissues, including
      calcific tendinitis and rheumatoid arthritis, occurred with a high frequency.

PMID- 3406400
TI  - Rotator cuff disruption: diagnosis with digital arthrography.
AB  - Shoulder arthrography is a reliable technique for use in the diagnosis of tears
      of the rotator cuff, although delineation of the precise site and size of tears
      requires meticulous double-contrast technique and considerable examiner
      expertise. The authors initiated a prospective evaluation of digital arthrography
      of the glenohumeral joint in 28 patients with clinical manifestations suggesting
      rotator cuff tear because they believed that examination with this technique
      would allow more accurate definition of the precise status of the cuff. Fifteen
      patients had normal studies. Ten complete and three partial rotator cuff tears
      were demonstrated with digital technique, and the precise site of the tear was
      demonstrated in all of these cases. The results indicate that digital
      arthrography of the glenohumeral joint may have some advantages over standard
      arthrography in the delineation of complete and partial tears of the rotator
      cuff, particularly in defining the exact site of tears.

PMID- 3406401
TI  - Bucket-handle tears of the meniscus: appearance at CT.
AB  - Before undergoing arthroscopy, 222 patients with acute, unilateral knee injuries
      and strong clinical evidence of a meniscal tear underwent axial computed
      tomography (CT) of the knee. In 53 patients, a bucket-handle meniscal tear was
      found, and it was repaired at arthroscopy. In 92.5% (49 of 53) of these knees, CT
      accurately depicted the type, location, and extent of the tear. CT also
      demonstrated the displaced meniscal fragment with its relationship to the
      attached remnant.

PMID- 3406402
TI  - Low-artifact intravascular devices: MR imaging evaluation.
AB  - Flow-phantom magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, with use of both spin-echo (SE) and
      gradient-echo (GRE) techniques at 1.5 T, was performed on the percutaneous
      Greenfield (beta-III titanium alloy [TMA wire]), Amplatz (MP32-N alloy), and
      Simon nitinol filters and TMA wire facsimiles of the bird's nest, Gunther, new
      retrievable, and Amplatz vena caval filters. SE imaging allowed detection of
      thrombi as small as 5 X 5 mm trapped within the percutaneous Greenfield, Simon
      nitinol, and TMA-wire facsimile filters; with the MP32-N Amplatz filter, a larger
      volume of thrombus (10 X 20-mm clots) was necessary for clot detection. GRE
      imaging allowed detection of intraluminal tilting of the percutaneous Greenfield
      and facsimile Amplatz (TMA-wire) filters. GRE imaging was useful for
      demonstrating postfilter turbulence due to clots, which was greatest for the
      Amplatz filter. Imaging of facsimile vascular devices made of tantalum or TMA
      wire did not cause the severe "black-hole" MR artifacts typical of the stainless
      steel devices. SE and GRE imaging were very useful for determining caval patency
      in two patients with previously placed Mobin-Uddin filters. Noninvasive MR
      evaluation of blood vessels in the presence of a variety of low-artifact
      intravascular devices appears feasible.

PMID- 3406403
TI  - Forceful pulsatile local infusion of enzyme accelerates thrombolysis: in vivo
      evaluation of a new delivery system.
AB  - Forceful local pulsatile infusion of fibrinolytic enzyme disrupts thrombi,
      increases clot surface area, and thereby hastens enzyme action compared with
      conventional constant infusion methods, which are time consuming and therefore
      expensive. Prolonged thrombolytic therapy is associated with increased patient
      morbidity. A prototype for a clinically applicable pulsatile jet infusion system
      for accelerating thrombolysis was designed. The system is adaptable to standard
      angiographic catheters and techniques. The core of the system is a reciprocating
      syringe pump that delivers small volumes of thrombolytic enzyme in short, rapid,
      frequent pulses at high exit-jet velocity through any side-hole catheter (the
      smallest used was a 3-F catheter). Comparison of this system with a constant
      infusion system was made in vivo in a 48-hour-old thrombus model in rabbit
      inferior vena cava (IVC). One hour of lysis by streptokinase was conducted with
      each of the methods. In the first experiment, the IVC thrombi were left intact
      before chemical lysis. Pulsatile infusion lysed 61% of the thrombus by weight in
      an hour, whereas constant infusion lysed only 15% (P less than .001). In the
      second experiment, IVC thrombi were subjected initially to standardized
      mechanical perturbation by a guide wire before chemical lysis. In the latter
      experiment, pulsatile infusion lysed 54% of the thrombus by weight, and constant
      infusion lysed only 26% (P less than .005). The difference in percentage of lysis
      by weight between pulsatile infusion groups in the two experiments (61% vs 54%)
      was not significant (P greater than .1). The same was true of the difference
      between the two constant infusion groups (26% vs 15%, P greater than .05). The
      effect of initial perturbation of the thrombus by a guide wire appears to be less
      important than the thrombus disruption and accelerated thrombolysis caused by the
      pulsatile delivery system. No angiographic or macroscopically visible damage was
      seen in any IVC. Accelerated thrombolysis may reduce the expense, duration, and
      morbidity associated with conventional constant infusion methods.

PMID- 3406404
TI  - Bronchobiliary fistula: complete percutaneous treatment with biliary drainage and
      stricture dilation.
AB  - Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography was performed on an 18-year-old man who
      presented with jaundice and cholangitis 19 months after right hepatic lobe
      resection. The cholangiogram demonstrated a bronchobiliary fistula and a
      stricture of the common hepatic duct. Percutaneous therapy consisting of biliary
      drainage and balloon dilation cholangioplasty was successful in eradicating the
      fistula and reestablishing normal bile flow.

PMID- 3406405
TI  - Recurrent thyroid carcinoma: characteristics on MR images.
AB  - Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was used in 32 patients, including eight with
      benign disease, after partial or total thyroidectomy to determine sensitivity and
      specificity of MR imaging in the detection of tumor recurrence, to compare signal
      intensities of scar versus recurrent tumor qualitatively and quantitatively, and
      to define the extent of recurrent tumor. Findings from surgery (n = 23), needle
      biopsy (n = 1), or clinical follow-up (n = 8) were used for verification. Of 24
      patients with primary thyroid carcinoma, 15 had recurrence and nine had a normal
      postsurgical thyroid bed. Diagnosis from MR images was correct in 20 cases, but
      false positive in three and false negative in one. Local recurrence was
      characterized by low to medium intensity on short repetition time (TR)/short echo
      time (TE) images and medium to high intensity on long TR/long TE images. Scar in
      the normal postsurgical thyroid bed showed low intensity on both short and long
      TR/TE images. Local recurrence of thyroid carcinoma and lymph node metastasis
      produced positive contrast compared with muscle on short TR/short TE (31 + 19%)
      and long TR/long TE (85 + 30%) images; fibrosis produced negative contrast,
      particularly on long TR/long TE (-56, -80%) images. These results indicate the
      capability of MR imaging in the evaluation of recurrence of thyroid tumors and in
      the differentiation of abnormal tissue due to tumor recurrence from postoperative
      fibrosis by means of signal contrast relative to a reference tissue.

PMID- 3406406
TI  - Thyroid masses: MR imaging and pathologic correlation.
AB  - The authors explored the capability of high-field-strength surface coil magnetic
      resonance (MR) imaging in disclosing the gross pathologic characteristics of
      thyroid masses (especially pseudocapsular and hemorrhagic degeneration). Twenty
      four patients were examined, including 12 with papillary carcinoma, eight with
      adenoma, and four with adenomatous goiter. All patients underwent surgery within
      2 days after MR imaging. Specimens were cut and correlated directly with MR
      images. The appearance of the pseudocapsule was classified into four types: A,
      intact and even thickness around the tumor; B, only partially present or even
      absent; C, intact but with uneven thickness; D, partially destroyed by tumor. MR
      imaging findings corresponded precisely with those of gross pathologic
      examination in all cases but four of adenoma. Type A pseudocapsules were found
      only in adenoma and type D only in papillary carcinoma. Although the number of
      cases in the series was limited, the authors conclude that MR images reflect
      gross pathologic findings well and that some characteristic findings are
      suggestive of benign or malignant disease.

PMID- 3406407
TI  - Intraocular tumors: evaluation with MR imaging.
AB  - Sixty-seven ocular tumors were studied with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and
      computed tomography (CT). These tumors included primary uveal melanoma (n = 55),
      circumscribed choroidal hemangioma (n = 3), diffuse choroidal hemangioma (n = 1),
      retinal capillary hemangioma (n = 1), medulloepithelioma (n = 1), choroidal nevus
      (n = 1), retinoblastoma (n = 1), and choroidal metastases (n = 4). MR imaging
      demonstrated all these lesions, while CT demonstrated 88%. Associated retinal
      detachment was more easily distinguished from the neoplasms with MR imaging.
      Extrascleral extension of melanoma and hemorrhagic cystic necrosis within the
      melanoma were clearly demonstrated with MR imaging, but not with CT. Ninety-three
      percent of melanomas were markedly hyperintense, compared with the intensity of
      the vitreous body, on T1-weighted images and hypointense on T2-weighted images.
      All metastatic lesions were isointense on T1-weighted images and hypointense on
      T2-weighted images. The circumscribed choroidal hemangiomas were hyperintense on
      T1-weighted images and isointense on T2-weighted images. MR imaging is superior
      to CT in detection of intraocular tumors and may be more specific in diagnosis.

PMID- 3406408
TI  - Selective posterior cerebral artery Amytal test for evaluating memory function
      before surgery for temporal lobe seizure.
AB  - Selective testing for memory function with Amytal (amobarbital) in the posterior
      cerebral artery (PCA) is a promising modification of that test in the internal
      carotid artery (ICA). This new technique, performed with a Tracker catheter
      system, was completed successfully in 17 of 20 patients being examined before
      planned surgery for refractory temporal lobe seizure. The PCA test overcomes
      three major problems with the ICA technique. First, with the PCA technique,
      memory testing is begun immediately after injection, when the drug has its peak
      effect. Second, when the speech-dominant hemisphere is being tested with the PCA
      test, patients do not become aphasic. Third, injection into the PCA delivers the
      drug more effectively to the target, the ipsilateral hippocampal formation.

PMID- 3406409
TI  - Central pontine myelinolysis and its imitators: MR findings.
AB  - The clinical, radiologic, and neuropathologic findings in 13 patients with
      central pontine myelinolysis were reviewed. Antemortem computed tomography (CT)
      had been performed in nine, and ante- or postmortem magnetic resonance (MR)
      imaging in 11. Chronic alcoholism or rapid correction of hyponatremia was present
      in over 75% of cases. One CT scan was positive, but only on retrospective review.
      In all but one patient, MR imaging eventually revealed an abnormality within the
      pons; in two patients the initial study was normal. The lesions varied in shape,
      with peripheral involvement in two patients and extrapontine involvement in four.
      The abnormality was smaller at 6-month follow-up in one patient and unchanged at
      1 year in another. One patient never had a demonstrable pontine lesion but did
      have symmetric basal ganglia abnormalities, which were consistent with
      extrapontine myelinolysis. MR imaging disclosed similar central pontine
      alterations resulting from infarct, metastasis, glioma, multiple sclerosis,
      encephalitis, and radiation or chemotherapy; thus, such changes are not unique.

PMID- 3406410
TI  - Intracranial hemorrhage: gradient-echo MR imaging at 1.5 T. Comparison with spin
      echo imaging and clinical applications.
AB  - Fifty-seven patients with hemorrhagic intracranial lesions were examined with
      magnetic resonance (MR) imaging at 1.5 T with use of both spin-echo (SE) and
      gradient-echo-acquisition (GEA) techniques to assess the clinical applications
      and limitations of GEA in evaluation of intracranial hemorrhage at high field
      strength. All GEA images were obtained with a long echo time and short flip angle
      to emphasize T2*-based contrast. In 30 of 61 cases, GEA images demonstrated more
      hemorrhagic lesions than SE images. In 14 of 61 cases, GEA images failed to
      depict the lesion or obscured the specific diagnosis (as depicted by SE MR
      imaging). The authors believe that GEA imaging in its current form has a limited
      but definite adjunctive role in the evaluation of intracranial hemorrhage at high
      field strength.

PMID- 3406411
TI  - End-stage periventricular leukomalacia: MR evaluation.
AB  - A prospective study was performed to assess the capabilities of magnetic
      resonance (MR) imaging in evaluation of end-stage periventricular leukomalacia
      (PVL) in six children, aged 31-54 months, in whom PVL had been documented by
      neurologic ultrasonography during the neonatal period. Eight children of similar
      age (four premature infants and four full-term infants) with normal neurologic
      development served as controls. A characteristic triad of PVL abnormalities was
      seen on MR images: (a) abnormally increased periventricular white-matter signal
      intensity on the first and second echo images of a T2-weighted sequence
      (repetition time = 2,000-2,400 msec, echo times = 20 or 30 and 80 msec), most
      commonly observed in the trigone regions of the lateral ventricles bilaterally;
      (b) marked loss of periventricular white matter in these regions of abnormal
      signal intensity, predominantly in the periatrial regions; and (c) compensatory
      focal ventricular enlargement adjacent to regions of abnormal signal intensity.
      In patients with the classic periatrial distribution of PVL lesions, general
      correlation between the degree of neurologic impairment and the severity of MR
      abnormalities was demonstrated. MR imaging was useful in detecting subtle forms
      of PVL in cases in which neurologic damage was subclinical.

PMID- 3406412
TI  - Short-Ti inversion-recovery pulse sequence: analysis and initial experience in
      cancer imaging.
AB  - Inversion recovery (IR), commonly considered a pulse sequence capable of
      producing T1-weighted images with excellent display of normal anatomy, is
      versatile: The null point and peak time provide a useful, succinct summary of the
      properties of IR and its capacity for producing both T1- and T2-weighted images.
      Shortening of the inversion time (TI) and creation of a short-TI inversion
      recovery (STIR) pulse sequence increases sensitivity to malignancy and other
      abnormalities by making the effects of prolonged T1 and T2 on signal intensity
      additive and by nulling the signal from fat. The authors examined over 300
      patients with various malignancies and compared STIR images with T1- and T2
      weighted images obtained at 0.5 T. In 43 cases, signal-difference-to-noise ratios
      (SD/Ns) were calculated between tumor, fat, and muscle. In general, STIR images
      demonstrated tumor as a conspicuously high-intensity area in a background of
      muted, discernible anatomic detail. The good contrast achieved with STIR
      sequences between tumor and fat (SD/N = 18.1) and tumor and muscle (SD/N = 12.9)
      consolidated into a single image the information contained separately on T1- and
      T2-weighted images, which facilitates efficient detection and localization of
      malignancy.

PMID- 3406413
TI  - MR imaging of susceptibility-induced magnetic field inhomogeneities.
AB  - A 90 degrees-tau 1-90 degrees-tau 2-image acquisition pulse sequence allows
      spatial mapping of resonant frequency. This sort of sequence has previously been
      used for magnet shimming, and its use in chemical-shift imaging has been
      proposed. The authors used this sequence in magnetic resonance imaging of a
      phantom to demonstrate the magnetic field gradients arising from susceptibility
      differences within the phantom and allow those gradients to be measured.
      Gradients may arise near interfaces between substances that cannot support the
      same magnetic flux density. The pulse sequence was found to work well in lower
      field-strength instruments.

PMID- 3406414
TI  - Field-cycling relaxometry: medical applications.
AB  - Relaxometry between 10 kHz and 200 MHz (0.2 mT and 4.7 T) with a field-cycling
      device and a high-field-strength magnetic resonance (MR) unit permitted the
      determination of longitudinal relaxation rates of tissues and chemical compounds
      at numerous field strengths. The resulting nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion
      profiles allowed the prediction of tissue contrast and efficacy of contrast
      agents at any field strength. Pure T1 contrast of normal brain tissue and
      pathologic lesions (multiple sclerosis, astrocytoma) increased from low field
      strengths to a maximum between 10 and 20 MHz and decreased afterward. Quadripolar
      dips reflecting the interaction between water and nitrogen atoms of the protein
      backbone appeared at 2.15 and 2.8 MHz, reducing T1 and opening the possibility of
      shorter imaging times and better tissue discrimination at these field strengths.
      Furthermore, it was shown that zero T1 contrast between normal and pathologic
      tissue samples may exist at certain field strengths. Gadolinium
      diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid and gadolinium
      tetraazacyclododecanetetraacetic acid provided different contrast enhancement
      depending on the field strength.

PMID- 3406415
TI  - Advanced head and neck cancer: response to and toxicity of multimodality therapy.
AB  - This pilot study for resectable stage III and stage IV squamous cell carcinoma of
      the head and neck used a cytoreduction phase of preoperative radiation with
      cisplatin, followed by an eradicative treatment phase with radical surgery (group
      1) or radical dose radiation and cisplatin (group 2), followed by adjuvant
      chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil infusion and cisplatin delivered at 4-week
      intervals for six cycles following initial radiation therapy to the primary site.
      A total of 43 patients were treated between January 1984 and January 1987; 14
      were classified with stage III carcinoma, 28 with stage IV, and one patient was
      not staged. Out of 43 patients, two did not complete therapy. Forty-one patients
      completed the eradicative phase of treatment. Complete tumor clearance at the end
      of the eradicative treatment phase was 88% (36 of 41 patients), 95% (18 of 19) in
      group 1 and 82% (18 of 22) in group 2. Actuarial recurrence-free survival was 61%
      at 3 years. Among 36 patients with complete tumor clearance after the eradicative
      treatment phase, there was no statistically significant difference for overall
      and recurrence-free survival between group 1 and group 2. In general, toxicity
      was not excessive, although mucositis, weight loss, and hematologic and
      neurologic toxicity were observed in varying degrees in these patients.

PMID- 3406416
TI  - Whither the Wada?

PMID- 3406417
TI  - Contrast venography of the leg: diagnostic efficacy, tolerance, and complication
      rates with ionic and nonionic contrast media.

PMID- 3406418
TI  - Breast attenuation artifacts in Tl-201 scintigraphy.

PMID- 3406419
TI  - Sheath needle for liver biopsy.

PMID- 3406420
TI  - Upper abdomen: CT findings following partial hepatectomy.

PMID- 3406421
TI  - Nurse fails to act: $9 million damages.

PMID- 3406422
TI  - May you delay implementing Dr.'s orders? Case in point: Koeniguer v. Eckrich (422
      N.W. 2d 600--SD (1988)).

PMID- 3406423
TI  - Legal case briefs for nurses. N.Y.: sexual relations: license revocation; LA.: is
      your patient a "Houdini"?

PMID- 3406424
TI  - Chemically dependent nurses: discrimination. Case in point: Wallace v. Veterans
      Admin. (683 F. Supp. 758--KS (1988)).

PMID- 3406425
TI  - Midbrain cholinergic mechanisms in elicitation of hypothalamic aggressive
      responses in cats.
AB  - 1. Electrodes were implanted stereotaxically in the central gray, and the
      anterolateral regions of the hypothalamus, in chronically prepared cats. 2. The
      affective attack behaviour elicited on electrical stimulation of the hypothalamic
      and the midbrain regions was recorded in the caged animals. 3. Bilateral
      microinfusions of atropine sulphate were given in the central gray and the effect
      on the midbrain and the hypothalamic responses studied. 4. Cholinergic blockade
      by atropine sulphate raised the threshold of many of the components of attack
      behaviour obtained on stimulation of the central gray, and from the anterior
      hypothalamic regions. 5. Muscarinic receptors may be playing an important role in
      the central gray regions for the modulation of the aggressive responses from the
      hypothalamus.

PMID- 3406426
TI  - Lithium, thyroid function and antithyroid antibodies.
AB  - 1. Lithium is known to affect thyroid function. It can cause both subclinical and
      overt hypothyroidism that may involve in some instances an autoimmune mechanism.
      2. Sixty (60) psychiatric patients, already under treatment with lithium for at
      least 6 months, were administered additional thyroid tests and monitored over a
      one-year period to study the implication of the autoimmune system in the
      development of hypothyroidism and thyroiditis during lithium therapy. 3. At the
      beginning of the study, 16 patients presented biological hypothyroidism
      (laboratory values under normal limits) and only 4 of them showed some slight
      clinical symptoms. Initially, antithyroid antibodies were detected in 20% of the
      patients (6 hypothyroids and 6 euthyroids): 12 had antimicrosomal antibodies and
      only 8 antithyroglobulin antibodies. 4. During the study, only one additional
      patient (euthyroid) developed antimicrosomal antibodies. All patients with
      antithyroglobulin antibodies had antimicrosomal antibodies and 6 hypothyroid
      patients had both types of antibodies.

PMID- 3406427
TI  - Clinical correlations of one-carbon metabolism abnormalities.
AB  - 1. Ninety psychiatric inpatients with a DSM III diagnosis of schizophrenia,
      mania, or major depression were studied. 2. Upon admission/transfer to the
      Clinical Studies Unit, and prior to discharge, measurements of symptom severity
      (BPRS, Ham-D, Young's Mania Scale) and blood samples were obtained. 3.
      Erythrocytes from these paired (admission and discharge) blood samples were
      assayed for methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT) activity and phosphatidylcholine
      (PC) content. 4. Comparisons were made between the changes in MAT Vmax, or % PC,
      and changes in symptom severity. 5. For the majority of the patients (79.3% of
      the schizophrenics; 84.6% of the depressives; and 93.8% of the manics), clinical
      improvement was associated with a "normalization" of enzyme activity. The
      association between changes in % PC and clinical response did not achieve
      significant correlation.

PMID- 3406428
TI  - Effects of ceruletide on clinical symptoms and EEGS in schizophrenia.
AB  - 1. The efficacy of ceruletide as a supplement in treating schizophrenics was
      tested by monitoring the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and the EEG. 2.
      Eight male inpatients with schizophrenia were administered fixed doses of
      neuroleptics during the study. 3. A control EEG recording and BPRS scoring were
      done before ceruletide administration. 4. Doses of 0.8 micrograms/kg/week of
      ceruletide and of placebo were given intramuscularly in a double-blind, crossover
      design for 3 consecutive weeks, and no treatment followed for 1 week. 5. EEG
      recordings and BPRS scoring were carried out once weekly. There were no
      significant differences in the total BPRS scores or the scores of each item
      between ceruletide and placebo. 6. With ceruletide treatment, the power values of
      the frontal EEGs increased in the whole bands but only in the first week. 7. The
      EEG values in the occipital area increased in alpha and beta activities slightly
      in the third week and markedly in the fourth week. 8. The power values in the
      right temporal area decreased in fast beta activity in the second and third weeks
      but increased in alpha activity in the third and fourth week. 9. The power of the
      left temporal area increased in both alpha and beta bands in the second week, and
      this continued to the fourth week. 10. These results suggest that treatment with
      ceruletide might fail to improve the symptoms of schizophrenics but does affect
      their EEGs, and that ceruletide may have a delayed effect.

PMID- 3406429
TI  - Combined MAO-inhibitor and tri- (tetra) cyclic antidepressant treatment in
      therapy resistant depression.
AB  - 1. One aspect of using MAO-inhibitors - combining them with tricyclic
      antidepressants in the treatment of therapy resistant depression - has always
      been controversely discussed in regard to its unusual toxicity and efficacy. 2.
      To obtain detailled information about safety and efficacy of such a combined
      treatment, the charts of 94 inpatients treated with a tranylcypromine - tri-
      (tetra) cyclic antidepressant combination were reviewed. 3. Within a mean
      treatment period of 21.9 days, 68% of the patients demonstrated a very good or
      good improvement to combined treatment, the most effective combination being
      tranylcypromine + amitriptyline. 4. The incidence of side effects among the
      patients on the combined regimen was slightly, but not significantly lower as
      compared to the patients on single tri- (tetra) cyclic antidepressant treatment.
      5. Our retrospective study supports the general safety and efficacy of combined
      MAOI-TCA treatment and suggests that combined treatment, if properly
      administered, leads to neither serious complications nor an inordinate number of
      side effects.

PMID- 3406430
TI  - [A method to obtain atomic coordinates from stereo pictures of proteins].

PMID- 3406432
TI  - [In-R1-G9].

PMID- 3406431
TI  - [Hormone and physiologically active substances].

PMID- 3406433
TI  - [MCF-7].

PMID- 3406434
TI  - [P388].

PMID- 3406435
TI  - [L5178Y].

PMID- 3406436
TI  - [KB].

PMID- 3406437
TI  - [J774].

PMID- 3406438
TI  - [CHO].

PMID- 3406439
TI  - [BALB/c3T3].

PMID- 3406440
TI  - [The Philippson Bible and Freud's fascination for archaeology].

PMID- 3406441
TI  - [High points in the analysis of "mama's little girl"].

PMID- 3406442
TI  - [The psychodynamics of traumatic reaction].

PMID- 3406443
TI  - [The dream in family therapy].

PMID- 3406444
TI  - [Surface-active compounds isolated from hemodialysates].

PMID- 3406445
TI  - [Non-infectious thyroiditis among patients operated on for various types of
      goiter in the First Department of General Surgery and the Gastroenterological
      Surgery Clinic of the Medical Academy, in Cracow].

PMID- 3406446
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of diseases of the thyroid gland].

PMID- 3406447
TI  - [The stereotype of mentally ill patients: remarks on 2 cases].

PMID- 3406448
TI  - Features and objects: the fourteenth Bartlett memorial lecture.

PMID- 3406449
TI  - Confirmation and matching biases in hypothesis testing.

PMID- 3406450
TI  - Serial position curves in spatial memory of rats: primacy and recency effects.

PMID- 3406451
TI  - The 6th Klaas Breur memorial lecture, 1987. The Chernobyl accident--impact
      Western Europe.

PMID- 3406452
TI  - Quality control of radiation therapy equipment.
AB  - A review is given dealing mainly with the quality control functional performance
      characteristics of medical electron accelerators as the leading case of all
      equipment for radiotherapy. The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
      has prepared a standard and a report, which are now in print. The standard
      addresses the definition of functional performance characteristics, the
      specification of test methods and conditions and the obligation of the
      manufacturer to declare the actual performance values of his equipment in a
      standardized format. In Germany, a translation of this standard is published as
      draft standard DIN 6847 part 4. IEC has prepared for simplified test procedures a
      report with guidelines and a reduced volume of test conditions for periodic tests
      during the working life of the accelerator. In Germany a standard DIN 6847 part 5
      is published on "constancy checks" which is slightly but characteristically
      different from the IEC Report. The differences are schematically listed and
      discussed.

PMID- 3406453
TI  - Time-dose response of human tumors and normal tissues during and after
      fractionated radiation treatment. A new model.
AB  - This paper presents the background and some results of initial applications of a
      new model of time-dose response of tumors as well as fast-renewing normal
      tissues, to fractionated radiation therapy. Both the linear-quadratic and the
      single-hit/single-target, single-hit/multi-target model may be used for the
      single-dose survival of both the viable stem cells and the clonogenic tumor
      cells. Normal tissue tolerance is expressed as a minimum acceptable level of
      normal tissue functionality, due to insufficient production of replacement cells,
      which in turn is caused by radiation-induced depletion of the viable stem cell
      population. A logistic function describes the homeostatically controlled inter
      fraction and post-treatment normal tissue stem cell repopulation. The onset of
      stem cell repopulation may be delayed, and the doubling rate of clonogenic tumor
      cells may increase, upon the onset of treatment. Criteria for the selection of
      acceptable parameter values for normal tissue as well as tumors are described. An
      interactive Fortran 77 program has been developed to assist in the search for
      acceptable parameter values, the simulation of the time-dose response of normal
      tissues and tumors to conventional clinical fractionation schemes and the
      exploration of alternative schedules, including hyperfractionation. Some
      provisional results are presented.

PMID- 3406454
TI  - Alpha/beta ratios and the cycling status of tissue target cells.

PMID- 3406455
TI  - Fast neutron radiotherapy for advanced malignant salivary gland tumors.
AB  - Thirty-two patients with inoperable, recurrent, or gross residual malignant
      salivary gland tumors received fast neutron radiotherapy at the University of
      Washington. Eleven patients were treated with low energy neutrons alone, four
      received a combined photon-low energy neutron treatment regimen ("mixed beam"),
      and 17 were treated with high energy neutrons alone. Patients treated for
      microscopic residual tumor after a surgical resection were excluded from this
      study. With a minimum follow-up period of one year, (maximum 12 years), the
      overall locoregional tumor control rate for the entire series was 81%. The 5-year
      locoregional tumor control rate was 69%. The overall 5-year survival rate was 33%
      (50% for T3 tumors and 0% for T4 tumors). Compared to results obtained with
      conventional photon and/or electron treatment for advanced salivary gland tumors,
      fast neutron radiotherapy appears to offer a significant advantage.

PMID- 3406456
TI  - Head and neck extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in Indian patients.
AB  - Though radiotherapy has traditionally been the treatment of the choice for the
      patients with localised extranodal lymphomas of the head and neck areas, its
      adequacy as the sole modality of treatment has come to be questioned. The disease
      is shown to relapse in other distant extranodal sites especially the
      gastrointestinal tract. The addition of systemic chemotherapy has been suggested.
      Fifty-five patients with localised head and neck extranodal lymphomas were
      treated at the Tata Memorial Hospital during the period 1976-1982, 35 with
      radiation therapy alone and 20 with combination therapy. The total survival at 5
      years was 65% for patients treated with radiation alone and 85% for those treated
      with combination therapy. The 5 year disease-free survival dropped to 45% for the
      former group but was 74% for the latter group. This difference was statistically
      significant (p less than 0.01). We infer that localised extranodal lymphomas be
      regarded as a systemic disease and be treated by a multimodal approach.

PMID- 3406457
TI  - Feasibility study of an alternating schedule of radiotherapy and chemotherapy in
      advanced uterine cervical carcinoma.
AB  - From July 1981 to April 1982, 36 patients with advanced cervical carcinoma stage
      III (24 patients) and stage IV (12 patients) entered a feasibility study of a
      radiotherapy and chemotherapy combination. The first three chemotherapy courses
      consisted of cis-platinum alone (50 mg/m2) and were interdigitated with
      radiotherapy. Six more courses composed of an association of cis-platinum (50
      mg/m2) and cyclophosphamide (400 mg/m2) were given after the completion of
      radiotherapy. Radiotherapy was delivered in two courses of 25 Gy separated by a
      gap of 2 weeks. The overall 4-year survival rate was 35% (95% CI: 22%). The 4
      year survival rate, cumulative loco-regional failure rate, and cumulative
      metastasis rate were respectively 44% (95% CI: 20%), 56% (95% CI: 21%), and 30%
      (95% CI: 21%) in stage III and 28% (95% CI: 27%), 83% (95% CI: 21%) and 74% (95%
      CI: 30%) in stage IV. The incidence of immediate and late complications was low:
      no patient had her radiotherapy stopped because of an intolerance and two
      patients had their chemotherapy stopped because of an haematological intolerance.
      Only one patient presented a severe late clinical complication (small bowel
      injury).

PMID- 3406458
TI  - Optimization of stationary and moving beam radiation therapy techniques.
AB  - A new approach is suggested for the optimization of stationary and more general
      moving beam type of irradiations. The method reverses the order of conventional
      treatment planning as it derives the optimum incident beam dose distributions
      from the desired dose distribution in the target volume. It is therefore
      deterministic and largely avoids the trial and error approach often applied in
      treatment planning of today. Based on the approximate spatial invariance of the
      convergent beam point irradiation dose distribution, the desired dose
      distribution in the target volume is analyzed in terms of the optimum density of
      such point irradiations. Since each point irradiation distribution is optimal for
      the irradiation of a given point and due to the linearity of individual energy
      depositions or absorbed dose contributions, the resultant point irradiation
      density will also generate the best possible irradiation of an extended target
      volume when the maximum absorbed dose at a certain distance from the target
      should be minimized. The optimum shape of the incident beam for each position of
      the gantry is obtained simply by inverse back projection of the point irradiation
      density on the position of the radiation source for that orientation of the
      incident beam.

PMID- 3406459
TI  - The response of mouse skin to irradiation with neutrons from the 62 MV cyclotron
      at Clatterbridge, U.K.
AB  - Acute skin reactions on mouse feet were used to measure the effect of 62 MeV p-Be
      neutrons from the cyclotron at Clatterbridge, U.K. The results were compared with
      the response to 16 MeV d-Be neutrons from the cyclotron at Hammersmith, 4 MeV d
      Be neutrons from the van de Graaff accelerator at the Gray Laboratory, and 250
      kVp X-rays. Up to 16 equal radiation fractions were given alone, or 16 fractions
      followed by "top-up" doses of 4 MeV d-Be neutrons to study the effect of neutron
      doses less than 1 Gy per fraction. For equivalent skin reactions, 9-16% more dose
      (total neutron + gamma) was needed with p(62)-Be neutrons compared with d(16)-Be
      neutrons. This did not vary significantly between 1 and 16 fractions. The top-up
      studies indicated that this figure might rise to approximately 14-32% at very low
      doses of neutrons, the value depending on the method of analysis of the data. The
      data indicate that the "standard" clinical protocol of 1.47 Gy per fraction (N +
      gamma dose) in 12 fractions given at Hammersmith with d(16)-Be neutrons would
      correspond to a dose of 1.64 Gy per fraction (N + gamma) at Clatterbridge using a
      similar regime of p(62)-Be neutrons. d(4)-Be neutrons were more effective than
      d(16)-Be neutrons by a factor of 1.6 over the whole range of dose per fraction
      studied (0.05-14.5 Gy per fraction of d(4)-Be neutrons). Relative to X-rays, the
      RBE for p(62)-Be neutrons was 1.6 +/- 0.02 for a single X-ray dose of 30 Gy,
      rising to 2.9 +/- 0.04 for an X-ray dose per fraction of 4.6 Gy given 16 times.
      The full-course fractionation data and the top-up data together indicate an
      extrapolated limiting RBE at vanishingly small doses per fraction of 4.2-4.8
      depending on the method of analysis. The X-ray data were well-fitted by a linear
      quadratic (LQ) model of dose-fractionation, with alpha/beta = 8.6 +/- 1.5 Gy. The
      LQ model also provides a fairly good description of the neutron responses,
      alpha/beta being large (greater than 24) reflecting predominantly linear
      underlying dose-responses for all the neutron beams. This in turn reflects the
      small variation observed in the relative effectiveness between the 3 neutron
      beams with changes in dose per fraction.

PMID- 3406460
TI  - Chestwall recurrences of breast cancer: results of combined treatment with
      radiation and hyperthermia.
AB  - In 35 patients with chestwall recurrences of breast carcinoma, 45 lesions were
      treated with combined radiation and hyperthermia. The majority of the lesions
      received 6 fractions of 4 Gy, twice a week during 3 weeks. Hyperthermia was
      administered within 30 min after irradiation, aiming a tumor temperature of 43
      degrees C during one hour. The percentage of complete response (CR) was 57%. In
      small lesions, the percentage of CR was 80%. The mean duration of the response
      was 7 months. Response rate increased with increasing temperature. Particularly,
      mean temperature and isoeffect thermal dose correlated very well with response
      rate. In nine cases, comparative lesions were treated with either radiation alone
      or radiation combined with hyperthermia. The response rates were 3/9 and 7/9,
      respectively. Acute skin reactions were enhanced by the combined treatment.
      However, late skin reactions were not increased. Although the prognosis of
      patients with chestwall recurrences is determined by the presence of distant
      metastases, local control remains an important objective. Combined treatment with
      radiation and hyperthermia offers the possibility of obtaining a high local
      control rate particularly in relatively small lesions.

PMID- 3406461
TI  - Currency and continuity.

PMID- 3406462
TI  - Outcomes of coronary care in the acute care setting.
AB  - A prospective descriptive study of 151 myocardial infarction patients in five
      hospitals, shortly after the implementation of prospective payment, showed them
      to be in stable physical condition and generally free of physical and emotional
      symptoms at the time of discharge. They did, however, have major deficits in
      their knowledge of continued self-care and treatment prescriptions. Multivariate
      analysis showed age to be more closely associated with outcome at discharge than
      were severity of illness, comorbidity, complications or the intensity of medical
      treatment. The findings suggest that strategies for preparing patients
      (especially older patients) for continued self-care may need to be adjusted to
      the current short lengths of stay in the acute care hospital.

PMID- 3406463
TI  - Postdischarge distress in surgically treated cancer patients and their spouses.
AB  - Temporal patterns of distress among two groups of nonterminally ill, surgically
      treated cancer patients (n = 40) and their spouses (n = 40) during the immediate
      pre- and postdischarge period were studied. Data about problems encountered and
      standardized measures of distress (State Anxiety Index, Brief Symptom Index, and
      Vulnerability Index) were obtained before hospital discharge and at 10, 30, 60,
      90, and 180 days postdischarge. The intensity of distress experienced by patients
      and spouses was remarkably similar, although the temporal pattern of occurrence
      was significantly different. Prior to discharge, spouse anxiety was significantly
      higher than that of the patients and above the norm for hospitalized persons.
      Spouses were least distressed after 10 days at home, but thereafter experienced a
      rise in vulnerability culminating in observable clinical depression at 90 and 180
      days. Peak distress for the patients occurred 10 days after discharge as a
      function of physical symptoms that were unexpected or more severe than
      anticipated. Patients with ostomies (n = 20) were slower to return to pre-illness
      functional levels and had somewhat more psychological distress than nonostomy
      patients.

PMID- 3406464
TI  - The exercise of self-care agency: an analysis of construct and discriminant
      validity.
AB  - The aim of this investigation was to delineate the concepts contributing to the
      Exercise of Self-Care Agency (ESCA) scale developed by Kearney and Fleischer
      (1979) and to test its construct and discriminant validity. Using factor analytic
      techniques upon data generated by 506 subjects, the concepts of Self-Concept,
      Initiative and Responsibility, Knowledge and Information Seeking, and Passivity
      emerged. These findings are congruent with the theoretical work of the Nursing
      Conference Development Group (1973) and Kearney and Fleischer. The factors were
      found to discriminate these concepts among 3 different samples. Recommendations
      are made for revision, further research, and use of the instrument in practice.

PMID- 3406465
TI  - Sex role stereotyping and role strain of male registered nurses.
AB  - Because of sex role stereotypes, certain occupations are considered appropriate
      for only one sex and elicit role strain in members of the opposite sex. The role
      strain of males in nursing, a predominantly female profession, is described in
      this article. A Role Strain instrument developed by the investigators was
      administered through mail questionnaires to 367 randomly selected male RNs in
      Oregon. As a group, these men: (a) experienced only mild role strain in contacts
      with community members, co-workers, and patients; (b) received support on their
      career choices from their families; and (c) considered inadequate pay a major
      source of strain in their work. Several explanations are offered for the general
      lack of severe role strain among these male nurses.

PMID- 3406466
TI  - The relationship between social support, self-esteem, and maternal-fetal
      attachment in adolescents.
AB  - Limited information is available about factors related to prenatal attachment in
      adolescents. In this study, relationships among self-esteem, social support, and
      maternal-fetal attachment were examined. A culturally diverse sample of 90
      adolescents between 14 and 19 years of age was recruited from two of the three
      licensed residential maternity homes in Los Angeles County. The four research
      instruments administered included: a background questionnaire, Coopersmith's Self
      Esteem Inventory, Norbeck's Social Support Questionnaire, and Cranley's Maternal
      Fetal Attachment Scale. Although nonsignificant correlations were found between
      total maternal-fetal attachment scores and measures of self-esteem and social
      support, four key variables were identified through regression analyses. These
      significant predictors of prenatal attachment were total functional support,
      total size of network, planning of pregnancy, and intent to keep the infant.
      Implications for clinical practice are discussed related to these findings.

PMID- 3406467
TI  - [Behavior of plasma concentrations of prilocaine following intravenous regional
      anesthesia and their relation to methemoglobinemia].
AB  - In a previous investigation we were able to demonstrate quite different
      methemoglobin levels after axillary plexus blockade on one side and intravenous
      regional anesthesia (IVRA) on the other using prilocaine (Fig. 1). At that time
      we tried to explain this observation by prolonged mobilization of the local
      anesthetic after tourniquet release, causing only minimal stress to the
      erythrocyte-related reduction system. In order to study prilocaine mobilization
      after tourniquet release in the upper limb following IVRA, prilocaine and
      methemoglobin concentrations were measured in 8 patients. All patients received
      400 mg prilocaine; IVRA lasted 30 min in all cases. In each patient we inserted
      an intra-venous line via the cubital vein with its orifice in the region of the
      venous outflow of the blocked upper extremity (Fig. 2). Simultaneously, blood
      samples were taken for measurement of plasma prilocaine concentrations in the
      axillary region of the blocked limb and from the contralateral upper limb.
      Following tourniquet release, samples were collected at short intervals for 15
      min; starting with the 15th min methemoglobin concentrations were also determined
      for up to 5 h. The results of the outflow and systemic prilocaine concentrations
      are presented in Figure 3. Remarkable differences in peak prilocaine
      concentrations (64 micrograms/ml vs 7.9 micrograms/ml after the 1st min) were
      found during the 3-h study period. The course of methemoglobin formation was
      similar to that in a group of patients we had studied previously (Fig. 4). Our
      findings confirm the assumption that the low and plateau-like methemoglobin
      formation following intravenous regional anesthesia of the arm is the result of
      delayed prilocaine release.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3406468
TI  - [Continuous block of the lumbar plexus with the 3-in-1-block catheter technic in
      pain therapy].
AB  - The evaluation of the test protocols on continuous lumbar plexus blockade using
      the 3-in-1 block with a lumbar plexus catheter showed the following results: The
      study included 104 patients. In 91.3% of cases, puncture of the fascial sheath of
      the femoral nerve proved successful. In 95.7% of cases, the plexus catheter could
      be positioned and left in place (Table 1). Four catheters had to be removed due
      to intravascular misplacement. Good analgesic results were achieved in 85.7% of
      patients. In 14.3% of cases, the judgement of pain reduction could not be
      sufficiently or definitely ascertained (Table 1). From the third day on we
      started with the injection of 0.25% bupivacaine. The administration of this local
      anesthetic achieved satisfactory results in terms of facilitating the necessary
      mobilization procedures. With regard to the individual indication groups, the
      efficacy differed according to the respective supply area. The most impressive
      analgestic results (100%) were observed in all the patients who underwent femoral
      amputation or suffered from pelvic pain. A good outcome could be ascertained
      after surgical procedures on the knee (87.5%), and satisfactory results were
      achieved in the femur and hip areas (70.9%). The average indwelling time of the
      catheter was 6 days, the maximum amounted to 44 days. All catheters could be left
      in place without complications until the end of therapy. Changing the catheter is
      possible at any time, as is the replacement of the catheter hub. Such steps were
      carried out in 5 cases.

PMID- 3406469
TI  - [Epidural anesthesia in a patient with Friedreich's ataxia].
AB  - Friedreich's ataxia (FA), a hereditary disease with degenerative changes
      localized chiefly in the spinal cord and cerebellum, is characterized clinically
      by ataxia, absence of tendon reflexes, loss of proprioceptive sensation, and
      extensor plantar responses. There are only a few reports on anesthesia for
      patients with FA. General but not regional anesthesia is usually recommended
      because a persistent aggravation of symptoms is feared with regional anesthesia.
      We report a 31-year-old gravida 1 para 0 patient with FA who was admitted at the
      20th week of gestation for induced abortion, curettage and tubal ligation.
      Familial FA was diagnosed at the age of 15, and since the age of 23 the patient
      had been confined to a wheelchair. As she strictly declined general anesthesia,
      epidural analgesia with 0.125% bupivacaine and morphine was used for 14 h, during
      which period induced abortion by prostaglandin was performed. This was followed
      by epidural anesthesia with 2% lidocaine for curettage and laparoscopic tubal
      ligation. A reduced dosage of local anesthetics, as commonly recommended during
      pregnancy, was used. Neurological consultation before and 1 day, 6 weeks, and 7
      months after operation revealed no undue exacerbation of symptoms. Our case
      report suggests that epidural anesthesia can safely be administered to a patient
      with FA.

PMID- 3406470
TI  - Improvement in grasp skill in children with hemiplegia with the MacKinnon splint.
AB  - This study evaluated the use of the MacKinnon splint upon grasp skills in three
      children, ages 2 1/2 to 7 1/2, with spastic hemiplegia. The MacKinnon splint was
      sequentially introduced in a multiple baseline design across subjects. The
      results indicated improvement in each child's grasp of eight different, randomly
      presented objects, after a MacKinnon splint was provided for daily wear.

PMID- 3406471
TI  - Mild intellectual deficits in a child with 49,XXXXY.
AB  - Severe mental retardation usually is present in males with a 49,XXXXY karyotype,
      although occasionally, intellectual functioning has been reported to be in the
      mild range of mental retardation. One child was previously described to have
      normal development at 15 months, but had mental retardation at 41 months. We
      present a male with 49,XXXXY who had mild-cognitive and motor delays and age
      appropriate adaptive skills at 59 months. Greatest deficits were in expressive
      verbalizations similar to other male sex chromosome abnormalities. Mosaicism
      could not be demonstrated in blood or skin specimens. Although most males with
      49,XXXXY syndrome will have significant mental retardation, findings in our
      patient and other reports suggest that variability in intellectual functioning
      may occur, in some instances, and may justify guarded optimism in affected males
      demonstrating close to or age-appropriate developmental skills through early
      childhood.

PMID- 3406472
TI  - A comparison of forward and concurrent chaining strategies in teaching laundromat
      skills to students with severe handicaps.
AB  - This study compared the relative efficiency of forward and concurrent chaining
      strategies in teaching the use of a commercial washing machine and laundry soap
      dispenser to four high school students with severe handicaps. Acquisition and
      maintenance of the laundromat skills were assessed through a multielement,
      alternating treatment within subject design. Results indicated that the
      concurrent chaining strategy was more efficient than forward chaining in
      facilitating acquisition of the activities. Four week and eight week follow-up
      probes indicated that concurrent chaining resulted in better maintenance of the
      activities. The implications of these results for teaching community activities
      and future research in building complex chains are discussed.

PMID- 3406473
TI  - [Learning geriatrics for the year 2000].

PMID- 3406474
TI  - [Diagnostic value of antithyroglobulin antibodies in thyroid diseases: a
      retrospective criticism].

PMID- 3406475
TI  - [Second tumors in patients treated for Hodgkin's disease].

PMID- 3406476
TI  - [Is the Walter Reed classification applicable for the staging of HIV infection in
      heroin-addicted patients?].

PMID- 3406477
TI  - [Enteritis caused by Salmonella in adults].

PMID- 3406478
TI  - [Rhabdomyolysis and renal insufficiency associated with bacteremic pneumococcal
      pneumonia].

PMID- 3406479
TI  - [Atraumatic rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure secondary to a heroin
      overdose].

PMID- 3406480
TI  - [Multiple symmetric lipomatosis, associated with ethylism, cirrhosis and myopathy
      in a woman: apropos of a case].

PMID- 3406481
TI  - [Propionibacterium acnes endocarditis on a natural valve].

PMID- 3406482
TI  - [Microbiology and povidone-iodine. Experimental study].

PMID- 3406483
TI  - [Post-cholecystectomy choledocholithiasis: endoscopic sphincterotomy or surgical
      reintervention?].

PMID- 3406484
TI  - [Our experience in the surgical treatment of 257 patients with hydatid cysts of
      the liver].

PMID- 3406485
TI  - [Chronic gastritis as a precancerous condition].

PMID- 3406486
TI  - [Early gastric carcinoma: presentation of a small series with a high frequency].

PMID- 3406487
TI  - [Collagenous colitis].

PMID- 3406488
TI  - [Collagenous colitis: a not infrequent disease].

PMID- 3406489
TI  - [Common variable hypogammaglobulinemia with intestinal nodular lymphoid
      hyperplasia].

PMID- 3406490
TI  - [Superficial gastric carcinoma with multiple localizations: analysis of a case].

PMID- 3406491
TI  - [Gastric lymphoma followed by gastric adenocarcinoma with collision of the
      tumors].

PMID- 3406492
TI  - [Abdominal metastasis of cancer of the lung. Clinical case].

PMID- 3406493
TI  - [Acute perforated typhoid cholecystitis].

PMID- 3406494
TI  - [Intrahepatic cholestasis caused by oral contraceptives with early onset].

PMID- 3406495
TI  - [Treatment of biliary lithiasis using extracorporeal shock waves].

PMID- 3406496
TI  - Combined modality treatment of anal carcinoma.

PMID- 3406497
TI  - Patterns of failure following surgical resection of colorectal cancer liver
      metastases: rationale for a multimodal approach.

PMID- 3406498
TI  - Regional chemotherapy of the liver for colorectal malignancies.

PMID- 3406499
TI  - The use of an implantable vascular occluder in the treatment of nonresectable
      hepatic malignancies.

PMID- 3406500
TI  - Hepatic arterial ligation with and without portal infusion in metastatic
      colorectal cancer.

PMID- 3406501
TI  - Basic investigations on interaction of 5-fluorouracil and tumor ischemia in the
      treatment of liver malignancies.

PMID- 3406502
TI  - Systemic chemotherapy with cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil and allopurinol in the
      management of advanced epidermoid esophageal cancer.

PMID- 3406503
TI  - Phase-II-study with EAP (etoposide, adriamycin, cis-platinum) in patients with
      primary inoperable gastric cancer and advanced disease.

PMID- 3406504
TI  - Is there a role for hyperthermia in gastrointestinal tract cancer?

PMID- 3406505
TI  - Predictive assays for the therapy of rectal carcinoma.

PMID- 3406506
TI  - Therapy of carcinoid tumors with [131I] meta-iodo-benzyl-guanidine.

PMID- 3406508
TI  - The problem of radical surgery in pancreatic cancer and its implications for a
      combined-treatment approach.

PMID- 3406507
TI  - New drug development in gastrointestinal-tract cancer.

PMID- 3406509
TI  - Stress: an analysis and application to rehabilitation nursing.

PMID- 3406510
TI  - Applied behavior analysis in head injury rehabilitation.

PMID- 3406511
TI  - Stroke support group: a reality.

PMID- 3406512
TI  - Evaluating the therapeutic leave of absence: a tool that meets needs.

PMID- 3406513
TI  - Environmental sacral decubiti: dressing to fit the curve.

PMID- 3406514
TI  - [Inpatient rehabilitation measures in the early phase following surgery of
      intervertebral disk displacement as an effective alternative to ambulatory after
      care].
AB  - Between 1983 and 1986, a total of 1012 patients were treated in our
      rehabilitation clinic after intervertebral disc surgery, either admitted shortly
      post op, or at a later time. Males outweighed females in proportion by 56 vs.
      44%; the average age at surgery was 44 yrs. for male, and 42 yrs for female
      patients. 966 patients (95%) had undergone lumbar surgery, 46 (5%) surgery in the
      cervical region; 12% of the patients were operated twice and 2% for a third time.
      Except for those admitted shortly post-surgery, an average period of 6 to 7
      months elapsed between the family doctor's, or specialist's, application for a
      rehabilitation measure and admission to the rehabilitation clinic. Average
      duration of incapacity for work totalled 6.2 months (males 5.6 months, females
      6.8 months). Of the 228 patients with "incapable for work" status on admission to
      the clinic, 160 were discharged home capable for work, another 34 were
      recommended for work trial. The remaining 34 patients were referred back to the
      acute clinics for further diagnosis, or renewed surgery. The advantages of in
      patient rehabilitation measures, among them post-surgery postural etc. training
      ("back training"), are set out, along with ways how the rehabilitative procedures
      should be dovetailed with the course of management.

PMID- 3406515
TI  - [Clinical prognostic criteria in the rehabilitation of cerebral infarct
      patients].
AB  - 79 patients with ischaemic stroke were investigated, with 31 patients showing a
      pure hemiparesis, 22 an additional depressive syndrome and 26 a dementia. After
      an average time intervall of 28 months, a follow-up investigation was performed
      on these 3 groups relative to their course and rehabilitation outcome. No
      significant differences were present between the 3 groups as regards age and sex
      distribution as well as hemisyndrome severity. The neurological and psychiatric
      findings at follow-up differed significantly from the primary findings. Also,
      significant differences were found in the degree of disability, and in the self-
      and family ratings of rehabilitation outcome, with a poorer long-term course,
      i.e. a higher degree of disability, significantly more frequent in the dementia
      group. Comparison of self- and family-ratings showed that self-ratings given were
      significantly worse in the dementia and depressive groups, whereas patients with
      purely neurological symptoms rated themselves better than their relatives did.

PMID- 3406516
TI  - [Status of stroke patients following rehabilitation--initial results of a long
      term retrospective study].
AB  - Between Oct. 1984 and March 1985, a total of 120 former patients of our clinic
      were visited at home or in residential facilities for care of the elderly, and
      interviewed by a physician and a social scientist regarding their current health
      and psychosocial situation. All patients had had a primary diagnosis of stroke,
      and had been discharged from hospital an average 16 months ago. The sample
      comprised 44 men (36.7%) and 76 women (63.3%), the average age was 74.8 years,
      average length of hospitalization 48.6 days. The study results presented show
      that (even in cases where the treatment in a rehabilitation clinic is viewed in
      positive terms) the rehabilitation process as a whole cannot be regarded as
      completed; instead, continuation of aftercare by provision of differentiated
      assistance and support to the ex-patients, their relatives, and the farther
      social environment must be considered; this includes assistance with home care;
      support of family self-help efforts; effective use of available social services;
      continued provision of physical and, above all, speech therapy; and, finally,
      increased involvement and linkages of self-help activities (self-help groups)
      with other providers of aftercare.

PMID- 3406517
TI  - [Prognosis of social reintegration following stroke].
AB  - From the socio-economic point of view, early prediction of outcome after stroke
      is of essential value. The longterm prognosis of 310 patients suffering from
      ischemic stroke, was therefore investigated by means of questionnaires. The mean
      follow-up period was 62.5 (S.D. 21.9) months. The results of patients who had
      suffered cerebrovascular accidents other than ischemic stroke or only transient
      ischemic attacks were not included. It had been the aim of the study to determine
      the predictive value of some clinical variables and symptoms in the subacute
      stage as regards the familial and social functioning handicaps to be expected
      later on. Between the number of strokes as well as the severity of some clinical
      signs (motor deficits, sensory deficits, speech disorders, organic mental
      syndrome) on the one hand, and the restrictions experienced in familial
      functioning on the other hand, a clear cut correlation was found. As regards
      social functioning, two additional predictors of unfavourable outcome could be
      identified: age, and lesion within the left hemisphere. The findings indicate
      that some clinical variables and symptoms in the subacute stage are of great
      predictive value concerning the ensuing handicap in familial and social
      functioning. These variables may help to develop individual strategies as regards
      the further social management and support (e.g. discharge arrangements, care
      services, rehabilitation programs).

PMID- 3406518
TI  - [Rehabilitation of pension--which course do psychiatric patients follow after
      their first inpatient treatment in a psychiatric hospital? Results of a
      prospective longitudinal study].
AB  - Placing persons having a mental illness in the open labour market has in recent
      years become increasingly difficult. The question therefore arises whether an
      attempt should be made to improve occupational access through rehabilitative
      measures, or whether pensioning would not be the more appropriate action. In the
      framework of a prospective 5-year catamnestic study of first-admission
      psychiatric patients, the course taken by them was investigated, as well as the
      factors that had been relevant in the decision to pension the patients, or to
      provide rehabilitative services. It was found that pensioning and rehabilitative
      measures differ in no essential degree as to their shares, and that both types of
      approach had occurred in only very few cases. Disease-specific factors
      (psychopathological symptoms, readmission) are suggested to be involved
      concerning the route taken. Pensioning on the one hand, and rehabilitation
      service provision on the other, are linked with the age and diagnoses of the
      patients, as well as the extent of their social activities.

PMID- 3406519
TI  - [Circadian variations in the incorporation of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and
      tritiated taurine into the pineal body of CD mice].
AB  - Pineal uptake of two putative neurotransmitters, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
      and taurine, was investigated during the 24 h-cycle in mice kept in long
      (14L/10D) or short (10L/14D) photoperiods. Tritiated mediators were
      intraperitoneally injected and their concentration both in pineal gland and
      cerebellum were measured at several times along the nycthemere. A circadian
      rhythm of exogenous GABA uptake was observed in mice kept in long photoperiods:
      GABA uptake was high during the night, when the gland was active and low during
      the day. It corresponded to the pineal cycle of indoleamine synthesis. It was
      particularly sensitive to sudden changes of lighting. In short photoperiods, a
      similar cycle was observed but the result was not significant because of
      individual variations. Taurine uptake did not show such a circadian rhythm either
      in long or in short photoperiods: it was constant and rather low with large
      variations from one animal to another.

PMID- 3406520
TI  - [Feeding behavior and reticulo-ruminal repletion status in sheep fed ad libitum
      on grass hay or alfalfa hay, with continuous or limited access: effects on the
      physical control of intake].
AB  - 1) The effects of limiting time of access to forage (twice 1 hr 30 min vs
      continuous access) on feeding behavior and reticulo-ruminal fill were studied
      with two hays: a late cut grass hay and an early second cut lucerne hay. 2) With
      continuous access to forage, voluntary intake of lucerne hay was higher (1,693 g
      dry matter (DM) per day) than that of grass hay (974 g DM per day). Lucerne hay
      was eaten more rapidly and needed less mastication per g DM. With limited time of
      access, eating rates were increased, but voluntary intake was maintained only
      with the grass hay. 3) With continuous access to forage, rumen pool sizes (RPS)
      of fresh matter, DM, organic matter (OM), and fibre were higher after the evening
      main meal than after the morning main meal. RPS were always lower with lucerne
      hay, except after the evening meal. With limited time of access, RPS after the
      morning meal were higher than those reached by continuous access, but this was
      not true after evening meal. 4) The net removal of DM and OM, but not of fibre
      were increased during the main meal, and turnover rates of DM, OM and fibre were
      higher for lucerne hay. 5) These results confirm that the maximum degree of rumen
      fill is involved in the control of voluntary intake. However, rumen fill does not
      seem to control intake during the whole day and other factors may be involved,
      specially with rapidly digestible hays.

PMID- 3406521
TI  - [Early prediction of the magnitude of seasonal variations in testicular diameter
      and percentage of abnormal spermatozoa in Ile-de-France rams. 1. Animals born in
      February].
AB  - The aim of this study, conducted in spring born animals, was to analyse if within
      a group of males of the same age, there is any relationship between the testis
      diameters (TD) or between the percentages of morphologically abnormal spermatozoa
      (AS) recorded in the same animal at two periods of its life (be it at two
      different spring periods or at two stages of its age: ram lamb and adult).
      Eighteen Ile-de-France ram lambs born in February 1980 and issued from five adult
      rams whose seasonal variations in TD and AS had been followed for two consecutive
      years were used in this study. Semen was collected (artificial vagina, 1
      ej/male/wk) from October 1980 until December 1983 (slaughter of the animals)
      every semester during "Periods" (n = 7). Within a same year, the first semester
      (February to June) was called "Spring", the second (August to December) "Autumn".
      AS (150 cells/smear) were controlled on each ejaculate and the same week maximum
      TD of both testes was measured using a calliper. Correlations were calculated for
      TD and AS between individual values (simple correlations) or between groups of
      individual values (multiple or canonic correlations) at different periods. These
      values were chosen as follows: TD: 4th and 5th control for the first period (P1,
      ram lamb); the three lowest values recorded in April (P2, P4, P6); the three mean
      highest values recorded in Autumn (P3, P5, P7). AS: the first five measurements
      in P1; the four highest percentages obtained in March-April in P2, P4, P6
      (correlations were not calculated in autumn since AS were very few). 1 a: On the
      whole, TD increased with the age of the animal until 24-27 months and passed
      alternatively by minimal (February to April) and maximal (September) values each
      year. Testis growth due to the effect of photoperiodism started every year in the
      first days of June. 1 b: Except alterations of semen quality in August 1983 (due
      to high local temperatures), AS were always higher in Spring than in Autumn,
      maximal values being reached in February (P4) or in March-April (P2 and P6).
      Their seasonal variations were thus opposed to those of TD (r = -0,671 between
      weekly means of AS and TD of the whole group of animals from P2 to P6). II-TD:
      Individual TD of ram lambs were significantly correlated with those recorded in
      the same adult animal (P1-P2, P1-P6, but P1-P4 NS) especially in autumn (P1-P3,
      P1-P5, P1-P7.

PMID- 3406522
TI  - [Time-course changes in the alkenyl and acyl chain composition of plasmalogens
      from the heart and kidneys of rats ingesting trielaidin].
AB  - Weaned rats were fed for 7 or 32 days a semi-purified diet containing 10% of fat
      supplement in which elaidic acid accounted for 64.5% of total fatty acids.
      Alkenyl groups from plasmalogens of kidney and heart mitochondria were analysed
      as their alkyl-substituted dioxane derivatives by gas liquid chromatography
      (GLC). Acyl chains of total and individual phospholipids (phosphatidylcholine:
      PC; phosphatidylethanolamine: PE, diacyl and alkenyl-acyl forms;
      phosphatidylinositol: PI; cardiolipin: CL) were also analysed by GLC. Maximum
      level of elaidic acid incorporation was attained after only one week on the
      experimental diet in either total or individual phospholipids. Heart mitochondria
      phospholipids contained about 40% more trans-monounsaturated acids (20.9%) than
      kidney mitochondria phospholipids (12.5%) after one month. trans-Monounsaturated
      acids (t-18: 1 plus t-16: 1 acids) were incorporated in individual phospholipids
      from both organs in decreasing order: PI greater than PE (total) greater than PC
      much greater than CL. The order of incorporation of elaidic acid seemed to be
      related to the content of stearic acid in these phospholipids when the diet was
      devoid of elaidic acid (PI greater than PE greater than PC much greater than CL).
      The content of elaidic acid in alkenyl-acyl-glycerophosphoethanolamine (alkenyl
      acyl-GPE) was the same (6% of total fatty acids) in both organs. The time-course
      incorporation of trans-monounsaturated alkenyl chains was different. After one
      week on the elaidic acid-enriched diet, they represented only 65% (kidney) or 43%
      (heart) of the values reached after one month. At the end of the feeding period,
      the trans-monounsaturated alkenyl chains were also about 40% less in total
      plasmalogens from kidney mitochondria (27.8%) than from heart mitochondria (46%).
      trans-Monounsaturated acyl chains were incorporated at a higher rate in the 2
      position of alkenyl-acyl-GPE than trans-monounsaturated alkenyl chains in their 1
      position. Our results confirm the unique observation of Kramer et al. (1985) who
      noticed that the fatty acid composition of phospholipids was much more rapidly
      equilibrated than the alkenyl chain composition of plasmalogens (1 week vs 2-3
      weeks) from heart of rats fed diets supplemented with different oils.

PMID- 3406523
TI  - Influence of photoperiod on differentiation of male cells in Helix aspersa. An
      autoradiographic study.
AB  - Hibernating snails (Helix aspersa) were activated by placing them in
      environmental chambers under either long-day (LD 18:6) or short-day (LD 8:16)
      lighting conditions. One day after activation all the snails were injected with
      (3H-thymidine (5 microCi/g wet weight) in order to estimate the duration of
      spermatogenic phases under long and short-day cycles. Our histological and
      autoradiographic observations show that long-day cycles have a positive influence
      on the development of the male cell line, which becomes apparent from the third
      week of exposure. While in long-day snails labeled spermatozoa were identifiable
      28 days after (3H)-thymidine injection, in short-day snails neither labeled
      spermatozoa nor spermatids were present in the gonads of animals killed as late
      as 39 days post-injection. These data strongly suggest that the photoperiod,
      besides acting on spermatogonial proliferation (Sokolove et al., 1983; Gomot and
      Griffond, 1987), has an important effect on the second meiotic division. In the
      course of spermatogenesis in Helix aspersa, the step from secondary spermatocyte
      to spermatid is probably the most sensitive to environmental factors.

PMID- 3406524
TI  - [Ingestion, digestion, absorption. French Association of Nutrition. Paris, 14-16
      May 1987. Abstracts].

PMID- 3406525
TI  - Clinical pathology of experimental Schistosoma curassoni infections in sheep and
      goats.
AB  - The clinical pathology of Schistosoma curassoni infection in sheep and goats was
      studied for 22 weeks following experimental infection with 7000 and 4000
      cercariae, respectively. Excretion of eggs began at week 7 after infection: in
      goats the numbers increased to 30 to 50 eggs per gram faeces (epg) at weeks 8 to
      18, followed by a reduction. In a pregnant goat, epg values increased markedly
      before and after parturition. The mean faecal egg counts in sheep were lower than
      in goats, increasing to a maximum level of 30 epg at weeks 16 and 17 after
      infection. Infected sheep maintained growth rates roughly comparable with
      controls, whereas infected goats failed to gain as much weight as the controls.
      Infected goats and sheep produced eosinophil counts of about 3 x 10(3) mm-3, five
      and eight weeks after infection, respectively. Sheep developed a progressive
      anaemia from week 11 after infection, in goats blood values remained within
      normal limits. Differences in serum protein concentration were observed between
      infected and uninfected goats about nine weeks after infection, but not in sheep.
      Increased total protein values, hyperglobulinaemia and lowered albumin to
      globulin ratios were features of infected goats. Serum glutamate oxaloacetate
      transaminase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, total
      lactate dehydrogenase and bilirubin were not significantly changed. The mean
      recovery in sheep was 608 worms, in goats 428 worms, but the total tissue egg
      counts were higher in the latter. Of the total eggs deposited in the goats 92 per
      cent were found in the liver with 51.5 per cent in the ovine liver. The
      histopathological changes were studied.

PMID- 3406526
TI  - Pre-weaning supplementary feed and porcine post-weaning diarrhoea.
AB  - Attempts were made to induce an intestinal hypersensitivity response to weaner
      diet by feeding pigs with small quantities of this material before weaning. In
      two trials using different weaner diets piglets subjected to this regimen showed
      no significant differences in small intestinal structure, in ability to absorb
      xylose, in bodyweight gain, in incidence of diarrhoea or excretion of
      enteropathogens after weaning compared with pigs not given any of the diet before
      weaning, or fed with a different diet before weaning. When post-weaning diarrhoea
      occurred it was associated with an earlier, more prolonged and greater
      proliferation of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in the small intestines than
      occurred in healthy pigs after weaning. The greater proliferation in pigs which
      developed diarrhoea could not be attributed either to an excessive dietary intake
      after weaning, or to a specific proliferation of rotaviruses.

PMID- 3406527
TI  - Immune exclusion of Haemonchus contortus larvae in sheep: dose dependency,
      steroid sensitivity and persistence of the response.
AB  - Naive and immune sheep, treated with anthelmintic, challenged directly into the
      abomasum and killed 48 hours later were used to examine the steroid sensitivity,
      persistence and dose dependency of immune mechanisms which result in the failure
      of incoming Haemonchus contortus larvae to establish (immune exclusion). Immune
      exclusion was almost totally abolished by corticosteroid treatment, the mean
      percentage of larvae establishing in the mucosa of immune sheep was 1.4 per cent
      of the challenge infection whereas in those treated with dexamethasone it was
      24.4 per cent and in naive sheep 27.3 per cent. Immune animals challenged after
      seven and 42 days without antigenic experience excluded more than 90 per cent of
      the challenge larvae from their mucosae, whereas those challenged after 84 days
      without antigenic experience were as susceptible as naive animals. Immune
      exclusion was dose dependent, animals challenged with 10(6) and 10(5) larvae
      excluded 93 per cent and 82.5 per cent of the challenge dose whereas those
      challenged with 10(4) larvae failed to exclude larvae.

PMID- 3406528
TI  - Role of immunoglobulin and peritoneal phagocytes in the protection of rats
      against salmonella infection.
AB  - Intradermal vaccination of rats with heat-killed Salmonella dublin protected
      against an intraperitoneal challenge of live S dublin. Serum from vaccinated
      animals administered intraperitoneally protected normal rats against
      intraperitoneal challenge with S dublin and four other serotypes. Protection was
      attributed to opsonic antibodies which promoted phagocytosis by mononuclear
      phagocytes. The opsonin was identified as IgG2a which prevented lysis of
      macrophages and enabled them to contain the pathogen at the site of infection. In
      vitro, mononuclear phagocytes killed S dublin for up to two hours after
      phagocytosis in the presence of immune rat serum.

PMID- 3406529
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of oxytetracycline in clinical cases in the red-necked wallaby
      (Macropus rufogriseus).
AB  - Oxytetracycline, administered at 40 mg kg-1 by intravenous injection, was used as
      part of the treatment of three female red-necked wallabies, Macropus rufogriseus,
      with suspected Fusobacterium necrophorum infections. The plasma concentrations of
      this drug in blood samples collected at intervals up to 24 hours after
      administration were measured using a biological assay. The pattern of decline in
      plasma oxytetracycline concentration with time was consistent with a two
      compartment model. The half-life of the elimination phase was calculated to be
      11.4 hours and the apparent volume of distribution was found to be 2.041 litres
      kg-1. These results provide a basis for devising appropriate oxytetracycline
      dosage regimes for the species.

PMID- 3406530
TI  - Observations on the development of tick-transmitted Theileria buffeli (syn T
      orientalis?) in cattle.
AB  - The development and morphology of Australian Theileria buffeli in cattle were
      studied after infection had been experimentally transmitted by the tick,
      Haemophysalis humerosa. Macroschizonts of T buffeli were demonstrated in Giemsa's
      stained lymph node preparations for between six and 20 days following tick
      infestation. The presence of schizonts was confirmed by immunofluorescence with
      sera from known infected animals. Microschizonts were seen infrequently. The
      schizonts and piroplasms of T buffeli are morphologically similar to those of T
      orientalis.

PMID- 3406531
TI  - Clearance of bromosulphthalein from plasma as a measure of hepatic function in
      normal horses and in horses with liver disease.
AB  - Single intravenous injections of bromosulphthalein (BSP) were given to horses and
      the change in plasma concentration of BSP with time was analysed by computer to
      obtain the proportionality transfer constants 'a', 'h' and 'b'. No age, weight or
      sex differences in BSP clearance were found in normal horses. The technique was
      non-invasive, repeatable and suitable for conscious animals. The measurement of
      the transfer constants 'a', 'h' and 'b', helped to provide an accurate guide to
      diagnosis and prognosis of liver disease.

PMID- 3406532
TI  - Effects of pregnancy and lactation on the metabolism of bovine adipose tissue.
AB  - The incorporation of [2-14C] acetate into the triglycerides of adipocytes from
      bovine omental adipose tissue was at a minimum during peak lactation but
      increased again in late lactation. Similar but somewhat greater changes were
      observed for adipocytes from subcutaneous adipose tissue. In both tissues the
      activities of four enzymes concerned with fatty acid synthesis were lowest during
      peak lactation. In omental tissue lipoprotein lipase activity was lowest during
      peak lactation but there was a marked increase in its activity in the udder
      during lactation. In both omental and subcutaneous adipocytes the rate of
      glycerol release at peak lactation was higher than at all other stages of
      pregnancy and lactation. At peak lactation plasma insulin levels were low but
      growth hormone levels were higher than at all other stages of pregnancy and
      lactation. These results suggest that lipogenic precursors were diverted away
      from adipose tissue in early lactation and stored triglycerides were made
      available for use elsewhere in the body.

PMID- 3406533
TI  - Oestrus detection in dairy cows by milk temperature measurement.
AB  - The milk and body temperatures of 15 cows were monitored twice daily at milking
      times, over a total of 30 oestrous periods. The best determination of oestrus was
      based on a temperature rise of at least 0.2 degree C over the corresponding mean
      temperature of the three preceding days. This resulted in 72 +/- 16 per cent of
      oestruses, predicted by serial progesterone assays, being successfully detected
      by serial progesterone assays, being successfully detected and 11 +/- 3 per cent
      of false positives. The variable extent of the temperature rise at oestrus and
      the large daily fluctuations in temperature for individual cows, resulted in a
      moderate oestrus detection rate accompanied by an unacceptable level of false
      positives.

PMID- 3406534
TI  - A percutaneous perineal approach for cystoscopy in male dogs.
AB  - A percutaneous perineal approach is presented as a further technique for rigid
      cystoscopy in male dogs. The anatomy of the urethra in the male dog prevents
      rigid cystoscopy by non-surgical means but a fine flexible fibrescope may be
      used. Perineal urethrotomy and prepubic percutaneous puncture techniques using
      rigid endoscopes have been described; however, both have possible serious
      complications. This new procedure allows access for visual examination, biopsy
      and resection as necessary and appears to have few adverse sequelae.

PMID- 3406535
TI  - Experimental atherosclerosis in goats.
AB  - Varying degrees of aortic sudanophilia (5 to 75 per cent) comparable to human
      atherosclerotic lesions (fatty streaks/spots) developed in all nine experimental
      goats receiving 2 g of protected cholesterol daily for two, four and nine months.
      From the fifth month onward, the serum cholesterol level stabilised at 450 to 525
      mg 100 ml-1. Aortic sudanophilia developed after two months but without any
      appreciable intimal thickening. Pronounced intimal thickening with foam cells was
      seen after four to nine months. The development of fatty streaks/spots was
      directly proportional to the degree of hypercholesterolaemia and duration of
      protected cholesterol feeding. It was concluded that goats could be useful in
      comparative atherosclerosis research.

PMID- 3406536
TI  - Protective effect of previous intramammary infection with Streptococcus uberis
      against subsequent clinical mastitis in the cow.
AB  - Following challenge of 23 quarters of 17 lactating cows with 10(3) colony forming
      units of Streptococcus uberis 0140J, 20 (87 per cent) developed clinical
      mastitis. Once the disease had resolved each animal was rechallenged in two
      quarters, one previously challenged and one additional quarter. Of the 34
      secondary quarter challenges 11 (32.2 per cent) led to clinical mastitis, a
      highly significant reduction over the primary challenges.

PMID- 3406537
TI  - Effects of thermal stimulation on intracellular sodium, potassium and chlorine in
      the sweat glands of the cow, sheep and goat.
AB  - The intracellular concentrations of electrolyte elements in the sweat glands of
      the cow, sheep and goat provide evidence of altered secretory activity upon
      thermal stimulation in the cow but give no indication of such change in the sheep
      and goat. The results support the view that increased secretory function
      contributes to the pattern of sweat output in the cow.

PMID- 3406538
TI  - Characterisation of a new serotype of P haemolytica isolated in Hungary.
AB  - Three strains belonging to a new serotype of Pasteurella haemolytica (A16) were
      isolated from lambs and a wild boar in Hungary. The identity and validity of the
      new serotype was proved by biochemical tests and by the indirect
      haemagglutination test using unabsorbed and absorbed hyperimmune sera raised in
      rabbits.

PMID- 3406539
TI  - Experimental vaccination of rats with Dermatophilus congolensis zoospores.
AB  - The number of zoospores recoverable from the skin of rats five days after
      challenge with Dermatophilus congolensis, was reduced if the rats had been
      injected intradermally with zoospores of this bacterium two weeks previously. The
      difference between zoospore recovery in vaccinated and control rats was increased
      when the challenge was applied to scarified skin. Assays involving a 24-hour
      delay between scarification and challenge gave the greatest difference in
      zoospore recovery. In rats which had been vaccinated 12 weeks before challenge
      protection was reduced.

PMID- 3406540
TI  - The use of intravitreal thrombin to control hemorrhage during retinectomy.
AB  - The intravitreal infusion of thrombin at the time of retinectomy or retinotomy is
      an effective method of controlling hemorrhage from the cut edges of retina.
      Thrombin reduced the bleeding time from 118 +/- 24 seconds to 7 +/- 10 seconds
      following retinectomy. The intravitreal infusion of thrombin may possibly have an
      advantage over diathermy since less tissue destruction occurs.

PMID- 3406541
TI  - Optics of the eye with air or silicone oil.
AB  - Replacement of intraocular contents with gas or silicone oil changes the optical
      characteristics of the eye. This affects the surgeon's view of the fundus and the
      patient's vision. Gullstrand's schematic eye was used to calculate the refractive
      properties of eyes with air or silicone oil in the vitreous cavity or anterior
      chamber in phakia, aphakia, and pseudophakia. The article gives a general
      solution of the optical characteristics of the eye with any substance filling the
      eye or the vitreous cavity. Criteria are shown for selection of appropriate
      corneal contact lenses for visualization of the fundus during and after vitreous
      surgery.

PMID- 3406542
TI  - Refractive changes from use of silicone oil in vitreous surgery.
AB  - When silicone oil fills the vitreous cavity of the phakic eye or the entire
      aphakic eye, the refractive correction can be expected to change by 5-9 diopters
      and sometimes as much as 14 diopters. Aphakic eyes become less hyperopic when
      filled with silicone oil, whereas phakic eyes become more hyperopic when the
      vitreous cavity is filled with silicone oil. Previously emmetropic aphakic eyes
      that are filled with silicone oil have only 4-6 diopters of hyperopia, whereas
      the same eyes have 10-12 diopters of hyperopia before insertion or after removal
      of silicone oil. Phakic eyes develop 5-7 diopters of hyperopia when the vitreous
      cavity is filled with silicone oil, and this puts them in the same range as the
      silicone oil filled aphakic eyes. High myopia, incomplete silicone oil filling,
      and several other factors influence the final optical outcome. The vitreoretinal
      surgeon must anticipate significant changes in refractive error when silicone is
      introduced into an eye or removed from the eye. Careful retinoscopy and
      refraction is essential for obtaining optimal vision in these patients.

PMID- 3406543
TI  - Retinal detachment due to firecracker injury.
AB  - Seven cases of retinal detachment due to firecracker injury are reported. Most
      involved young boys. Associated anterior segment changes as well as the nature of
      the retinal breaks attested to the similarity between firecracker injuries and
      blunt contusion injuries. Despite successful retinal reattachment in all cases,
      visual results were poor. To prevent visual loss from firecracker injury,
      educational programs directed to school age boys seem needed.

PMID- 3406544
TI  - The correlation of the results of vitreous fluorophotometry and fluorescein
      angiography in nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy.
AB  - The authors examined 103 eyes of 53 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes
      mellitus simultaneously by fluorescein angiography and vitreous fluorophotometry
      and correlated the stage of diabetic retinopathy with the posterior vitreous
      leakage (PVL) level, calculated from the preinjection-, bolus-, and measurement
      scans. There was a significant correlation between stage of retinopathy and PVL
      level, but there was a large variation of PVL readings within each group of
      retinopathy stages. All eyes were reexamined after a mean period of 11.84 months.
      In 15 of 16 eyes with progressive retinopathy the first PVL readings were within
      the distribution range of the respective retinopathy level. A progression of
      retinopathy was not accompanied by a significant change of the PVL. It was
      concluded that vitreous fluorophotometry alone is not sufficient for the grading
      of diabetic retinopathy and has only little prognostic value for the course of
      the disease.

PMID- 3406545
TI  - Clinicopathologic correlation of a prepapillary vascular loop.
AB  - The clinical, fluorescein angiographic, and histopathologic features of a
      prepapillary vascular loop are described in a patient whose eye was obtained
      postmortem. The prepapillary vascular loop communicated with the retinal arterial
      system and did not have an internal elastic lamina. It was supported by a
      connective tissue sheath that was lined by a cellular lamina. The cellular lamina
      was continuous with the inner retina, isolating the vascular loop from the
      vitreous. The histologic findings were correlated with the clinical examination
      and fluorescein angiography.

PMID- 3406546
TI  - Ultrastructural studies of the retina in infantile neuronal ceroid
      lipofuscinosis.
AB  - A 9-year-old boy who had died of infantile neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis had
      experienced retina-derived visual failure. Ophthalmologically and
      morphologically, his retina was severely atrophic and scarred by a dense
      fibrillary gliosis while photoreceptor cells had completely disappeared, cells of
      the bipolar layer had decreased in number and had become atrophic beyond
      cytologic recognition. Retinal pigment epithelial cells had undergone either
      atrophy or proliferation. Disease-specific granular lipopigments had accumulated
      in perikarya and processes of remaining cells and were infrequently associated
      with melanin within huge melanolipofuscin bodies and RPE cells of sessile and
      migrating nature, and within cells of the atrophic retina, among them glial
      cells. The ubiquitous lipopigment accumulation in the retina of this patient was
      identical to that seen in other childhood forms of NCL and to that observed in
      canine NCL while the retinopathy likewise resembled that encountered in childhood
      NCL, and in primary human and canine retinopathia pigmentosa.

PMID- 3406547
TI  - Retinal arteriolar changes in patients with hyperlipidemias.
AB  - Hyperlipidemia is a known risk factor for atherosclerosis systemically. To
      determine whether it causes changes in retinal arterioles, a group of 26 patients
      with hyperlipidemia (serum cholesterol or triglycerides greater than 95th
      percentile for age) were compared with 22 "normal" patients (comparison group)
      and 35 patients with contralateral branch retinal vein occlusion to determine the
      presence or absence of changes in the retinal arterioles. The arterioles of all
      groups were evaluated in a masked fashion to determine the presence of
      arteriovenous nicking, "sclerosis," narrowing, and tortuosity. No differences in
      the retinal arterioles between the patients with hyperlipidemia and the
      comparison group were found. Patients with branch retinal vein occlusion in the
      contralateral eye had significantly more arteriovenous nicking and "sclerosis"
      than the other groups. These data suggest that hyperlipidemia by itself is not a
      risk factor for the development of retinal arteriolar changes. Thus examining the
      retinal arterioles would not be helpful in detecting hyperlipidemia.

PMID- 3406548
TI  - Diffuse malignant change in a ciliochoroidal melanocytoma in a patient of mixed
      racial background.
AB  - A 69-year-old man of mixed racial background was discovered to have a large,
      deeply pigmented mass in his left eye with a history of rapid growth during the
      previous 6 months. The eye was enucleated, and histopathological examination
      revealed an epithelioid malignant melanoma arising from a melanocytoma.

PMID- 3406549
TI  - Diffusion-dependent contribution to the slope of the alveolar plateau.
AB  - Two healthy subjects performed single breath tests, the inspired gas containing
      90% O2, 5% He and 5% SF6. The slope of the alveolar plateau was computed for N2,
      HE and SF6. The following experimental conditions were considered variable: (1)
      preinspiratory lung volume (PILV) with inspired volume (VT) equal to 1 L, (2) VT
      with PILV equal to functional residual capacity (FRC) with and without 10 sec of
      breath-hold (BH) time, (3) VT with PILV = FRC + 1 L, (4) flow with VT = 1 L and
      PILV = FRC with and without 10 sec end inspiration BH and (5) BH time with VT = 1
      L and PILV = FRC. The slope dependence on the different variables was compared
      with simulations performed with two multibranch point models of the human acinus
      with different asymmetries. The model simulations give a coherent picture of all
      the experimental observations. The present work gives support to previous
      analyses which suggest that inter-dependence of transport by convection and
      diffusion in the periphery of the lung is a major component of the slope of the
      alveolar plateau.

PMID- 3406550
TI  - Structural changes in tracheal nerves and muscle associated with in vivo
      sensitization of guinea pigs.
AB  - The ultrastructure of guinea-pig tracheal smooth muscle and its innervation were
      studied in control and antigen (ovalbumin) sensitized animals. There was a
      reduction in the frequency and in the proportion of membrane occupied by gap
      junctions in sensitized muscle. In addition, there was a decrease in the
      proportion of varicosities with small granular vesicles relative to other nerve
      varicosities and to the number of smooth muscle cells. Earlier functional studies
      in vitro (Mansour and Daniel, 1987) did not reveal altered function of adrenergic
      nerves or adrenoceptors concentration-response curves to a wide variety of
      agonists and showed few changes. These studies suggest that inflammatory
      mediators released during antigen-sensitization may regulate the density of gap
      junctions and influence nerve structure. These studies also suggest that
      procedures to evaluate directly cell-to-cell coupling and nerve function after
      sensitization are needed.

PMID- 3406551
TI  - The effect of hypoxia on the response of the carotid body chemoreceptor to
      potassium in the anaesthetized cat.
AB  - The effect of hypoxia on the response of the carotid chemoreceptor to potassium
      has been investigated in anaesthetized cats. After an initial period of
      ventilation on air, FIO2 was reduced to 0.1-0.13 to give a mean PaO2 of 44 mm Hg.
      KCl was infused intravenously to raise arterial K+ to approximately 6 mM and hold
      it at that level. For 8 experiments in 7 cats, mean chemoreceptor discharge
      increased from 1.9 impulses.sec-1 on air, to 7.3 impulses.sec-1 during hypoxia to
      a peak of 12.2 impulses.sec-1 after the first 0.25 min of the potassium infusion.
      The initial speed of response and pattern of adaptation were similar to those
      seen in normoxic cats, but the combined effects of hypoxia and hyperkalaemia on
      carotid chemoreceptor discharge were greater than the sum of the individual
      effects.

PMID- 3406552
TI  - Inhibition of expiratory muscle EMG and motor unit activity during augmented
      breaths in cats.
AB  - To test the hypothesis that expiratory muscle activity is reduced during
      augmented breaths, electromyographic activity (EMG) of the triangularis sterni
      (TS) was recorded from eight pentobarbital anesthetized cats. Augmented breaths
      significantly increased tidal volume and peak diaphragm EMG, and prolonged
      inspiratory time and the first phase of expiration. However, the duration of the
      second phase of expiration was unchanged. Peak TS EMG was reduced during sighs in
      all animals, from 25 +/- 5 to 12 +/- 2 arbitrary units (P less than 0.005).
      Furthermore, the onset of TS activity during expiration was significantly delayed
      during augmented breaths (P less than 0.002), whereas the duration of expiratory
      firing tended to decrease but not significantly. Electrical activity was recorded
      from eight motor units of the TS in five cats. During resting breathing the motor
      units had a mean relative expiratory onset time of 46 +/- 4% of expiration, and a
      mean firing frequency of 19 +/- 2 impulses/sec. Two motor units became quiescent
      during augmented breaths. Of the remaining six motor units, three minimally
      shortened their duration of activity (by less than 15%) while three substantially
      abbreviated their period of firing (by 50% or more). In addition, all TS motor
      units reduced their mean firing frequency (P less than 0.05) and number of
      impulses per breath (P less than 0.002) during sighs. We conclude that expiratory
      activity of the triangularis sterni muscle is reduced during augmented breaths,
      due to a combination of motor unit derecruitment and a slowing of motor unit
      firing frequency.

PMID- 3406553
TI  - Usual clinical dose of acetazolamide does not alter cerebral blood flow velocity.
AB  - Prior reports indicate that acetazolamide, an inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase, in
      moderate doses reduces symptoms of acute mountain sickness, and in large doses
      increases cerebral blood flow. The effect on flow is not known for a moderate
      dose, but were flow to increase, then increased cerebral oxygen delivery would be
      one mechanism of benefit from acetazolamide at high altitude. We utilized Doppler
      ultrasound in 8 volunteers to determine whether a usual acetazolamide dose (250
      mg three times daily) would increase flow velocities in internal carotid and
      vertebral arteries. Acetazolamide during normoxia decreased pHa, PaCO2, and
      PETCO2, but baseline flow velocity remained unchanged. In 2 subjects without
      acetazolamide, voluntary hyperventilation decreased both PETCO2 and flow
      velocity. Both hypoxia and hypercapnia caused increases in arterial velocities.
      The increases were not altered by acetazolamide administration. In one subject, 1
      g acetazolamide by acute i.v. injection induced an increase in flow velocity
      (40%) concomitant with a 5 mm Hg decrease in PETCO2, confirming prior reports
      using similar intravenous dose. In doses employed for prevention of acute
      mountain sickness, acetazolamide induced metabolic acidosis and may have
      prevented the fall in velocity usually associated with hypocapnia, but it neither
      increased baseline cerebral blood flow velocity nor velocity responses to hypoxia
      and hypercapnia. Benefit of acetazolamide at high altitude may relate to
      mechanisms other than increased cerebral blood flow.

PMID- 3406554
TI  - Carotid sinus receptors participate in glucose homeostasis.
AB  - This paper describes (a) the influence of glucose on carotid chemoreceptor
      activity, and (b) the participation of carotid receptors in glucose homeostasis.
      After eliminating the carotid body baroreceptors in anesthetized cats, the
      injection of glucose to the vascularly isolated carotid sinus region reduced by
      20% the electrical activity of carotid body chemoreceptors and increased their
      threshold to hypoxia. Mannitol in the same concentration did not change the
      chemoreceptor activity. A decrease in baroreceptor activity elicited by carotid
      occlusion, or carotid chemoreceptor stimulation with 50 micrograms/kg cyanide
      (NaCN), produced an immediate increase in the output of hepatic glucose, raising
      the hepatic venous-arterial glucose difference above basal levels. Bilateral
      adrenalectomy eliminated these reflex responses. Cyanide injected in the same
      conditions caused a sharp increase in glucose retention by the brain. In control
      experiments, after sectioning the carotid nerve, NaCN injections were
      ineffective. However, electrical stimulation of the central stump of carotid
      nerve elicited reflex effects similar to those obtained with NaCN stimulation.

PMID- 3406555
TI  - [Anatomo-clinical case. A 69-year-old male with alterations of consciousness and
      leukoerythroblastic anemia].

PMID- 3406556
TI  - [Thrombocytopenia and thyroid disease. Possible relation to anti-phospholipid
      antibodies].

PMID- 3406557
TI  - [Partial trisomy 1q in the bone marrow of a patient with polycythemia vera].

PMID- 3406558
TI  - [Ileo-sigmoidal volvulus].

PMID- 3406559
TI  - [Evaluation of the quality of life in patients undergoing transhiatal
      esophagectomy. Short-term analysis].

PMID- 3406560
TI  - [Chronic sinusitis: indications and results of treatment by endonasal
      microsurgery].

PMID- 3406561
TI  - [Surgical treatment of cholesteatoma in children].

PMID- 3406562
TI  - Myringoplasty: a post-operative survey of 90 aborigine patients.

PMID- 3406563
TI  - [Flaps in cervicofacial cancer surgery. Apropos of 118 cases].

PMID- 3406564
TI  - [Reconstructive laryngectomies. Oncologic and functional results].

PMID- 3406565
TI  - [Changes in morphology of the stapedial reflex as a function of basic tonal
      frequency, pressure exerted in the external auditory canal and intensity of the
      acoustic stimulation].

PMID- 3406566
TI  - [Fractures of the frontal sinus].

PMID- 3406567
TI  - [A case of thrombosis of the lateral sinus. Clinical and therapeutic aspects].

PMID- 3406568
TI  - [Several cases of sensorineural hearing loss: study of recruitment by auditory
      evoked potentials].

PMID- 3406569
TI  - [Large neurinomas of mixed nerves in the base of skull. Therapeutic aspects].

PMID- 3406570
TI  - [Cervicofacial actinomycosis. Apropos of a case].

PMID- 3406571
TI  - [Efficacy of N-acetylcysteine by oral route in chronic sinusitis].

PMID- 3406572
TI  - [Use of fibrin seal in the local treatment of Kaposi's sarcoma in AIDS.
      Preliminary report].

PMID- 3406573
TI  - Cancer in the elderly.

PMID- 3406574
TI  - Informational needs and approaches for early cancer detection in the elderly.

PMID- 3406575
TI  - Cancer in the elderly: systems overview.

PMID- 3406576
TI  - The normal physiological changes of aging and their impact on the response to
      cancer treatment.

PMID- 3406577
TI  - Comfort issues in geriatric oncology.

PMID- 3406578
TI  - Acute confusional states in elderly cancer patients.

PMID- 3406579
TI  - The cytologic examination of the respiratory tract.

PMID- 3406580
TI  - Bone marrow biopsies: principles and perspectives of interpretation.

PMID- 3406581
TI  - Diagnostic cytology.

PMID- 3406582
TI  - Techniques in veterinary cytopathology.

PMID- 3406583
TI  - The cytologic examination of cutaneous and subcutaneous masses.

PMID- 3406584
TI  - [Atypical presentations of Horton's disease].

PMID- 3406585
TI  - [Phosphocalcium metabolism in the elderly. Study of 101 subjects living in an
      institution].
AB  - Calcium and phosphorus metabolism was studied in 101 institutionalized subjects
      over 70 years of age (mean: 82.5 years). The study was performed in serum and
      urine; it included parathyroid hormone and calcidiol (250HD3) assays and
      radiological examination of bones with determination of Meunier's index and
      metacarpal cortical index. Calcidiol concentrations did not vary with age but
      were higher in people who left the institution and in men. In contrast, there was
      a significant age-group related increase of parathyroid hormone concentrations.
      This increase was accompanied by an increase of parathyroid hormone activity, as
      shown by a parallel fall in phosphorus reabsorption rate. These findings are in
      agreement with current pathogenetic theories on senile osteoporosis. Invalid
      subjects had higher urinary calcium and serum parathyroid hormone levels and a
      lower cortical index. Paradoxically, there was less vertebral collapse as
      evaluated by Meunier's index, which may suggest that very old patients develop
      progressive cortical bone hyperresorption entirely independent of sequelae from
      their former trabecular osteoporosis.

PMID- 3406586
TI  - [Cancer of a solitary kidney and multiple paraneoplastic syndromes (arterial
      hypertension, polycythemia, hypercalcemia and limbic encephalopathy)].
AB  - In a case of cancer of a congenital solitary kidney with lung metastases four
      paraneoplastic syndromes accompanied the neoplasia: arterial hypertension,
      polycythaemia, hypercalcaemia and limbic encephalitis. The inaugural arterial
      hypertension had provided no clue, but polycythaemia led to the diagnosis. In the
      course of the disease neuropsychic disorders due to the limbic encephalitis and
      unrelated to the hypercalcaemia developed and made this particular case unusual,
      especially since only one similar case of renal cancer has been published. The
      literature available concerning the four neoplastic syndromes is reviewed.

PMID- 3406587
TI  - [Suppression of the antihypertensive effect of clonidine by clomipramine].

PMID- 3406588
TI  - [Narrow pagetic lumbar canal: efficacy of treatment with calcitonin. Apropos of a
      case].

PMID- 3406589
TI  - [Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia in cancers. A case with remission after
      chemotherapy].

PMID- 3406590
TI  - [Pleural manifestations of Horton's disease. Apropos of a case].

PMID- 3406591
TI  - [Breast prostheses and connectivitis: role of the type of prosthesis?].

PMID- 3406592
TI  - Double immunoelectron microscopic labelings of human chorionic gonadotropin and
      human placental lactogen in human chorionic villi.
AB  - Simultaneous immunoelectron microscopic localization of human chorionic
      gonadotropin (HCG) and human placental lactogen (HPL) was examined on the same
      ultrathin section of human chorionic villi by means of the double labeling
      technique. Using specific rabbit antisera against HCG and HPL followed by goat
      anti-rabbit IgG-coated colloidal gold of different sizes (15 nm and 5 nm),
      immunoreactions of HCG were concentrated on middle-sized secretory granules of
      200-300 nm and large dense bodies of 500-1000 nm, while those of HPL were
      exclusively located on small secretory granules of 80-180 nm. The present
      experiment provides direct evidence for our previous data that HCG and HPL seem
      to be stored in different granular components in the syncytiotrophoblast.

PMID- 3406593
TI  - Warning against the indiscriminate use of a biological half-time model in
      deriving the critical concentration of metals.
AB  - For heavy metals, many studies obtained short biological half-times (BHTs) by
      administrations of heavy metals. Tsuchiya and Sugita, however, first reported the
      possibility of a long BHT for cadmium (Cd) calculated from Cd accumulations in
      postmortem human organs and tissues by age using a non-linear regression method
      employing a differential equation. According to their reports, the Cd BHTs (point
      estimators) were 12.1-22.7 years by sex, renal cortex and medulla. The minimums
      and the maximums of the Cd BHTs on the 95% confidence regions of estimators were
      6.9-70.2 years by sex and kidney part. It is presumed that the range of the 95%
      confidence region for the individual BHTs of renal Cd exists in a range from a
      few years to at least 100 years because of large individual variations in
      exposure, absorption rate and excretion rate. Point estimators of BHTs, however,
      include the assumption that all subjects have been exposed to the same level of
      Cd at the same year of age over a period of decades and have equal absorption and
      excretion rates of Cd. Therefore, it is not adequate to calculate a safety level
      for Cd in the industrial environment or foodstuffs using a value of Cd BHT (point
      estimator) based on Cd accumulation applying a mathematical model. BHTs of metals
      require careful evaluation and must not be used indiscriminately to derive a
      critical concentration, for example, using a mathematical model.

PMID- 3406594
TI  - [A case report of nasal infestation by the leech, Dinobdella ferox].
AB  - A 55-year-old man in Okagaki Town, Fukuoka Prefecture, pulled a nasal leech from
      his nostril in July 1987, after suffering from nosebleed, copious running snivels
      as well as unpleasant foreign body sensation in the nasal cavity. Except for
      nasal septum deviation, no abnormality in the ears and mouth cavity nor bleeding,
      ulcerous and erosive changes in the nasal cavity were found. The formalin-fixed
      specimen of the leech was nearly black with no definite stripes or spots, and
      measured 3.5 cm in length and 1.2 cm in width. Because of these and the following
      characteristics, viz. 1) auricles on the posterior segment were absent, 2) five
      pairs of eyes were present in the anterior segments with the eye pairs 3 and 4
      separated by an annulus, and 3) teeth were not observed, this specimen was
      identified as Dinobdella ferox. This nasal leech is found widely in Southeast
      Asia. In Japan, some human cases of its infestation have also been reported,
      mainly from southern Kyushu. The leech seemed to have entered the nasal passage
      of the present case from a stream at a hot spring in northern Kyushu. Attention
      should be given to nasal leech infestation especially now that many people in
      Japan are eager to visit isolated hot spring resorts.

PMID- 3406595
TI  - [Occupational information in occupational medicine].
AB  - The International Classification of Diseases popularly referred to as 'ICD' has
      significantly improved accessibility to and promoted distribution of medical
      information. In the field of occupational health, the use of a standardized
      occupational classification system is also necessary for similar reasons.
      Recording occupational information in a standard format, when routinized, will
      certainly result in the combining of such information with other health relevant
      data. However, the innumerable occupational categories prevalent in modern
      industrialized society cannot be encompassed by a single occupational health
      staff. The tendency of Japanese people to answer in an indirect manner to
      questions regarding their present occupation or job history complicates the
      situation. Because of these circumstances, the need to construct an aiding system
      to compile bits of vague information into a definite standardized job category
      was recognized. The computerized system under development focuses especially on a
      person-to-person interview where the interviewer is required to gather
      information on the respondent's job history. The system is designed to supplement
      the insufficient understanding of the entire occupation system, thus aiding in
      occupational health interviews. A description of a prototype is also given.

PMID- 3406596
TI  - A new method of estimation of interobserver variation and its application to the
      radiological assessment of osteoarthrosis in hip joints.
AB  - Four frequently referenced radiological methods for assessment of osteoarthrosis
      in hip joints are compared with respect to their interobserver variation. One
      hundred hip joints were rated by four observers. Each observer applied all four
      methods to all the radiographs. The results were analysed by a new statistical
      method, which allowed detailed assessment of the nature and extent of
      interobserver variation. Significant differences in terms of intraobserver
      disagreement were found, and Heripret's method was the best in this respect. All
      four methods showed a significant degree of systematic disagreement among the
      observers. This suggests that the interobserver variation might be reduced by
      confronting the observers with the results of the statistical analysis of their
      judgements.

PMID- 3406597
TI  - Investigations of excess environmental risks around putative sources: statistical
      problems and a proposed test.
AB  - Individual reactions to a report which identifies an excess of risk near a
      putative source are determined mainly by some quoted significance level. One
      reaction, involving a commonly used 'coincidence' argument is given a simple
      Bayesian explanation. It is argued that interpretations of such reports should if
      possible allow both for data selection and for uncertainty in the null
      expectations underlying the significance levels. Tests are proposed, based on the
      first isotonic regression estimator under an order restriction, which allow for
      the effects of selecting a study region in the light of the data and have a
      simple form. Data on cancer incidence around two nuclear plants are used to
      illustrate.

PMID- 3406598
TI  - Multistate models in survival analysis: a study of nephropathy and mortality in
      diabetes.
AB  - How an analysis of a multistate model for survival data may compare with an
      ordinary survival analysis is discussed. A study of mortality and incidence of
      nephropathy in insulin dependent diabetes is used as illustration. Proportional
      hazards regression models with time-dependent covariates and regression models
      for relative mortality are used for the transition intensities. Alternative basic
      time scales are also considered.

PMID- 3406599
TI  - Modelling the liver function data in diabetes.
AB  - We have enrolled diabetic patients into a long-term follow-up study that entails
      visits to the eye clinic every six months at which time use of a classification
      scheme determines whether or not the patient is normal regarding liver function.
      Since the study is still in progress, not all patients have complete follow-up
      data. We fit models of complete symmetry to the multi-visit binary data with
      supplemental margins and also investigate the data as stationary Markov chains
      with testing for stationarity and determination of the order of chain. The final
      model, a synthesis of both approaches, has potential use in future clinical
      trials of new drugs for diabetic patients.

PMID- 3406600
TI  - The statistical analysis of treatment effects in 24-hour ambulatory blood
      pressure recordings.
AB  - This paper presents a statistical analysis of treatment effects in 24-hour
      ambulatory blood pressure recordings. The statistical models account for
      circadian rhythms, subject effects, and the effects of treatment with drugs or
      relaxation therapy. In view of the heterogeneity of the subjects, we fit a
      separate linear model to the data of each subject, use robust statistical
      procedures to estimate the parameters of the linear models, and trim the data on
      a subject by subject basis. We use a meta-analytical method to combine the
      results of all subjects in the study.

PMID- 3406601
TI  - The extrapolation of attributable risk to new populations.
AB  - I develop a method for extrapolation of attributable risk estimated from one
      population, to other populations with a different rate of risk factor exposure
      and/or rate of outcome. The method uses the relationship between attributable
      risk and the product moment correlation.

PMID- 3406603
TI  - Sample size requirements for studies estimating odds ratios or relative risks.
AB  - This paper presents formulae for determining the number of subjects necessary, in
      either a case-control or a cohort study, to estimate the odds ratio or relative
      risk, respectively, to within a selected percentage (epsilon) of the true
      population value with some specified probability. This approach differs somewhat
      from previous comparable work that estimated the log odds ratio within a stated
      fixed distance rather than as a percentage of the actual odds ratio. Comparable
      development for relative risk has not previously appeared in the literature.
      These formulae provide guidelines for determination of study size that does not
      depend on hypothesis testing considerations.

PMID- 3406602
TI  - Improving the aggregate performance of psychiatric diagnostic methods when not
      all subjects receive the standard test.
AB  - Family studies of disease incidence often include some subjects who receive a
      diagnostic evaluation less accurate than that obtained with a standard method.
      This is particularly true of family studies of mental illness, where the standard
      is a consensus diagnosis based on both direct interview and corroborating family
      history from an informant in the family. Family members who are not interviewed
      have diagnoses based on history alone. Interviewed and uninterviewed relatives
      differ in several factors that influence the probability of disease, so that
      interview is not independent of disease. Thus, one cannot use the interview data
      to estimate the overall rate of illness. Family history-based illness rates may
      substantially underestimate true rates, so the observed rate in uninterviewed
      subjects is also a biased estimate. We discuss several models to reduce the bias
      in estimation of incidence rates. We propose explicit modelling and imputation as
      alternatives to the implicit assumptions that constitute the basis of the methods
      in current use. A clinical example involving 4806 relatives of probands with
      major affective illness illustrates the statistical issues.

PMID- 3406604
TI  - Exact versus asymptotic analysis for a matched case-control study.
AB  - We compare exact and asymptotic methods for variable selection in matched case
      control studies. Data from a study of melanoma among the employees of the
      Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory illustrate the comparisons. Relative to
      large sample methods, the exact method almost always yielded larger p-values. The
      differences in p-values became more pronounced with inclusion of more variables
      in the logistic model. Thus, when the sample size is not large, and there are
      many covariates under study, use of the exact method tends to select more
      parsimonious models and avoids overfit of the data.

PMID- 3406605
TI  - Confidence intervals for causal parameters.
AB  - Consider an unbiased follow-up study designed to investigate the causal effect of
      a dichotomous exposure on a dichotomous disease outcome. Under a deterministic
      outcome model, a standard '95 per cent binomial confidence interval' may fail to
      cover the causal parameter of interest at the nominal rate when we take the
      causal parameter to be a parameter associated with the observed study population
      (regardless of whether the observed study population was sampled from a larger
      superpopulation). I propose new interval estimators that, in this setting,
      improve upon the performance of the standard 'binomial confidence interval.'

PMID- 3406606
TI  - A Markov process interpretation of Sullivan's index of morbidity and mortality.
AB  - Using intuitive arguments Sullivan described a method of combining morbidity data
      and certain ordinary life table to produce an estimate of illness-free life
      expectancy. In this paper we use an increment-decrement life table specified in
      terms of a Markov process to characterize illness-free life expectancy. We show
      that when the illness under consideration satisfies certain properties Sullivan's
      approach provides a convenient method of approximation. We illustrate theoretical
      results with hospital morbidity data on Canadian males for 1981.

PMID- 3406607
TI  - A computer enhanced runs test for smoothed data.
AB  - For a series of data points that follow a pattern due to natural ordering, I
      develop a modified runs test for continuous data to detect such a pattern. The
      test statistic is the number of runs in the series after having smoothed the data
      with use of a moving average. The testing procedure is based on permutations of
      the original data. My simulations indicate that the modified test is generally
      more powerful than the usual runs test.

PMID- 3406608
TI  - [Diagnosis of osteoporosis using densitometry: value of quantitative computerized
      tomography].

PMID- 3406610
TI  - [Hepatic cirrhosis: introduction].

PMID- 3406609
TI  - [Current therapeutic aspects. Apropos of various beneficial drug interaction].

PMID- 3406611
TI  - [Endocrine abnormalities in alcoholic cirrhosis].

PMID- 3406612
TI  - [Renal changes in cirrhosis].

PMID- 3406613
TI  - [Anemia and cirrhosis].

PMID- 3406614
TI  - [Applications of the HLA system in human clinical medicine].

PMID- 3406615
TI  - [Acute paraffin oil pneumopathies. Apropos of a case in a fire-eater].
AB  - A case of acute paraffin oil-induced pneumonia due to accidental inhalation by a
      fire-eater of kerdane, a petroleum derivative is reported. The symptoms and
      course of respiratory manifestations of acute paraffin oil poisoning are
      reviewed. The physical properties of the petroleum derivative inhaled account for
      the pathogenesis of the pneumonia. Pulmonary lesions, usually fully reversible,
      result from the joint effects of an inflammatory phase with exudate and a
      proliferative phase.

PMID- 3406616
TI  - [Agenesis of the pericardium: clinical, echocardiographic and MRI aspects].
AB  - A case of agenesis of the pericardium is reported. The condition is are; a search
      in the literature has yielded 364 cases. It always results from an abnormal
      embryonic development. The agenesis is more common on the left side (70%) than on
      the right side (4%) or the inferior side (17%). It is more often partial than
      total (9%) and may be associated with other malformations, particularly
      malformations of the heart. The diagnosis rests on radiography of the chest and,
      mainly, echocardiography. CT, MRI or surgical exploration (if needed for other
      reasons) confirm the anatomical defect. In patients with partial pericardial
      agenesis the risk of cardiac entrapment makes surgery mandatory.

PMID- 3406617
TI  - [Isolated internal breast adenopathy. Late recurrence of breast cancer].
AB  - Invasion of the internal mammary lymph nodes is common in tumoral pathology of
      the breast, but an isolated internal mammary lymphadenopathy occurring long after
      treatment of the primary tumour is a rare event. The authors report one case and
      discuss the prognostic and therapeutic factors involved.

PMID- 3406618
TI  - [Clinical and spirometric repercussions of chronic exposure to air pollutants in
      children in the region of the Gardanne coal-basin].
AB  - Our goal was to evaluate the long-term effects of exposure to air pollutants in
      schoolchildren living in the Gardanne coal-basin. The group consisted of 193
      children 9 to 11 years old, 128 living in polluted communities, 65 in low
      polluted communities. The protocol included a standardized questionnaire and a
      spirometric evaluation. The prevalence of pulmonary and E.N.T. symptoms was
      higher in the polluted communities, but a statistically significant difference
      was only observed for the symptom "wheezing in the chest". The spirometric
      values, FEV1 and FVC, were very similar in both areas. It is likely that
      spirometric abnormalities will appear later in those schoolchildren. Indeed, in
      the same area, studies performed in groups of housewives have demonstrated a
      higher prevalence of respiratory symptoms, as well as spirometric abnormalities
      in subjects living in high polluted communities.

PMID- 3406619
TI  - [Tolerance test to an inspiratory resistive load and resistive training of
      respiratory muscles. Preliminary critical study in kyphoscoliotic patients].
AB  - Is increased tolerance to an additional inspiratory load after resistive training
      always due to respiratory muscle endurance? To answer this question, 5
      kyphoscoliotic subjects were subjected to ventilation through a Y-shaped tube 3.2
      cm in diameter during 10 minutes three times a day for 3 months. The subjects
      were divided into 3 groups. Group 1 (n = 3) trained with a non-linear resistance
      placed in the inspiratory branch of the tube during the first and third months
      and without additional load during the second month. Group 2 (n = 2) trained
      without inspiratory resistance during the first and third months and with an
      additional load during the second month. The load selected for the initial
      tolerance test (R1) was an inspiratory orifice with a diameter 0.5 mm wider than
      that of the orifice not tolerated during 3 min (R2). In each subject, ventilatory
      mode and time of tolerance on R1 were determined. This time was 10.8 +/- 6.8 min
      for the whole group. The tolerance test was repeated after each month of
      resistive or placebo training on R1 and R2. By grouping together the results of
      tolerance tests at 2 months after placebo training (4 measurements) and after
      resistive training (5 measurements), we found that the gain in endurance was
      similar without concomitant changes in volumes, air flows, VO2 max and time of
      endurance at 70% of VO2 max.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3406620
TI  - [Bioclinical conference on pneumology. Hopital Laennec. Case no 10--Bilateral
      pleural effusion, hepatomegaly and edema of the lower limbs in a 76-year-old
      woman].

PMID- 3406621
TI  - [Perspectives in the treatment of peptic ulcer].

PMID- 3406622
TI  - [Enterogastric reflux after partial gastrectomy: comparative study of Billroth I
      anastomosis and Roux-en-Y diversion].

PMID- 3406623
TI  - [Vertical transmission of viral hepatitis B].

PMID- 3406624
TI  - [Adenosine deaminase activity in the diagnosis of pleural effusion].

PMID- 3406625
TI  - [Use of CO2 laser in the excision of carcinomas of the skin].

PMID- 3406626
TI  - [Brain death and organ transplantation].

PMID- 3406627
TI  - [Analysis of results of the surgical treatment of gastric cancer].

PMID- 3406628
TI  - [Aneurysm of the left auricle].

PMID- 3406629
TI  - [Prolapse and urinary incontinence. Apropos of 275 cases].

PMID- 3406630
TI  - [Uterine prolapse and urinary incontinence. Therapeutic indications. Current
      reflections].

PMID- 3406631
TI  - [Urodynamic and radiologic study of urinary incontinence associated with uterine
      prolapse].

PMID- 3406632
TI  - [Rehabilitation in urinary incontinence].

PMID- 3406633
TI  - [A regimen of various surgical technics for urinary stress incontinence
      associated with uterine prolapse].

PMID- 3406634
TI  - [Prognostic value of estrogen and progesterone receptors in epidermoid carcinoma
      of the cervix uteri].
AB  - The authors have studied, on 100 cases, the prognostic value of ER and PgR
      receptor levels in cancers of the cervix. An elevated level of ER and PgR seems
      to favorably influence the immediate response to the treatment. On the contrary,
      it does not seem that this should be a factor in the long-term evolutive
      prognosis.

PMID- 3406635
TI  - [Can analysis of previous post-partum periods provide prognostic indicators on
      the return of fertility after delivery?].
AB  - Evaluation of self-observation signs noted during post-partum, enables to study
      the physiology of this period. The signs analyzed in this study are: discharge of
      vaginal secretions, temperature discrepancy and bleeding. The originality of the
      study lies in the comparison of successive post-partum periods: 2 to 6 post
      partum periods were studied in 163 women; in addition, we studied 38 cases
      including breast feeding time details and children reactions. The authors
      described especially the retention effect of the pregnancy and the inhibiting
      effect of breast feeding on the return of the fertility, by progressively
      escaping these two effects, and the part of the woman's reaction.

PMID- 3406636
TI  - [Vaginal cesarean sections].
AB  - Vaginal caesarean section, or Durhssen's procedure, is seldom performed in
      France. Although its indications are exceptional, it enables to rapidly deliver a
      small fetus minimal maternal trauma without compromising the future of the
      mother.

PMID- 3406637
TI  - [Intraperitoneal rupture of an aseptic necrotizing fibroma in pathological
      pregnancy. Apropos of a case].
AB  - The authors report a rare case of complication of aseptic necrosis of a fibroma.
      In early pregnancy: intraperitoneal rupture resulting in an obstructive syndrome
      secondary agglutination of small bowel loops. They attempt to explain the
      mechanism of this complication and stress the fact that surgical treatment is
      exceptional in complications of necrosis, and a medical treatment is usually
      sufficient, in most cases.

PMID- 3406639
TI  - [The wrist on 2 planes--and the ulna?].
AB  - X-ray films of the wrist, dorsovolar and lateral, present the ulna in one plane
      only, unless-taking into consideration the functional anatomy of the elbow joint
      the position of the upper arm is changed in relation to the plane of the table.

PMID- 3406638
TI  - [Inhibition of ovarian function using a triphasic combination with gestodene].
AB  - The author reports the results of a prospective study of 10 women during six
      months use of an oral contraceptive combination with gestodene. Inhibition of
      ovarian function is showed by rapidly decreasing serum levels of estradiol and
      progesterone. Clinical and metabolic tolerance is excellent.

PMID- 3406640
TI  - [Significance of bone changes in the internal auditory meatus in acoustic tumors
      and in the "empty" enlarged inner ear canal].
AB  - The unilateral extension of shortening of the internal auditory meatus is a very
      safe bony sign of the presence of a neurinoma of the auditory nerve. Differential
      diagnosis is necessary to exclude an "empty" extended internal auditory meatus.
      On the other hand, 31% of the definitely established neurinomas do not show up in
      the plain tomogram. These facts prove that despite the presence or absence of
      allegedly definite bony changes at the internal auditory meatus further
      diagnostic measures are imperative, especially an air meatography in conjunction
      with high resolution computed tomography.

PMID- 3406641
TI  - [Practical experiences and problems with precision testing in direct radiography
      in a medical center].
AB  - This is a report on the practical experience in respect of the monthly testing of
      the precision (constancy and long-term reproducibility of results) of X-ray film
      apparatus. The test method described in the German DIN standard No. 6868 Part 3
      has even been refined in some points.

PMID- 3406642
TI  - [Current indications, incidents and complications of macrolides and related
      substances].

PMID- 3406643
TI  - [Rifamycins, vancomycin and fosfomycin. A privileged use: Staphylococci resistant
      to methicillin].

PMID- 3406644
TI  - [Indications, handling, complications of aminoglycosides].

PMID- 3406645
TI  - [Hormonal receptors in cancers of the breast].

PMID- 3406646
TI  - [Value of combined treatment in non-metastatic solid tumors in the adult].

PMID- 3406647
TI  - [Methods for venous access, comfort and safety in patients under chemotherapy].

PMID- 3406648
TI  - [Improvement of the prognosis of acute chloroquine poisoning or the successful
      union of empiricism and experimental strictness].

PMID- 3406649
TI  - An intracranial saccular aneurysm formation. Report of a case.

PMID- 3406650
TI  - Acupuncture in the treatment of craniofacial pain.

PMID- 3406651
TI  - Computerized electroencephalographic investigations in subacute sclerosing
      panencephalitis (SSPE).

PMID- 3406652
TI  - [Histochemistry of the esterolytic activities of the vascular endothelium in the
      microcirculation of the brain in rats].

PMID- 3406653
TI  - [Will colonoscopy contribute to the diagnosis of rheumatic diseases?].

PMID- 3406654
TI  - [Measurement of trace elements in tissue].

PMID- 3406655
TI  - The influence of physical exercise on susceptibility to noise-induced temporary
      threshold shift.
AB  - In order to investigate whether physical exercise would influence susceptibility
      to temporary threshold shift (TTS), 9 subjects were exposed to a narrow-band
      noise at 105 dB SPL for 10 min three times in each of four test conditions. In
      three of the test conditions, noise exposure was combined with physical exercise
      at a level of 40% of the individual subject's maximum work capacity. Under these
      conditions, subjects were exposed to the noise before, during, or after exercise.
      In the fourth condition, subjects were exposed to the noise only. The results
      indicated that noise with simultaneous exercise increased the TTS susceptibility
      when compared with the other test conditions (p less than or equal to 0.05).

PMID- 3406656
TI  - Middle latency response to a 500-Hz tone pip in normal-hearing and in hearing
      impaired subjects.
AB  - Measurement of middle latency responses (MLR) appears to be one of the most
      useful ways of determining low-frequency auditory threshold. It is known that
      analog filtering can drastically affect MLR and since most laboratories use
      different recording characteristics, we carried out these measurements with a
      number of filter configurations. Ten subjects with normal hearing sensitivity
      were tested. The stimuli were 500-Hz tone pips (alternating in polarity) with a 4
      ms rise-fall time and a plateau of 2 ms, presented at the rate of 9.3/s. The MLR
      were recorded with filter settings of 10-100, 10-250, 10-1,500, 10-3,000, 30-100
      and 30-250 Hz at 12 dB per octave roll-off with a time base of 100 ms. MLR
      threshold was found between 8.0 and 11.5 dB nHL. The Wilcoxon statistical test
      showed that mean MLR thresholds did not differ significantly at the various
      bandpass configurations. An additional objective of this study was to compare
      hearing sensitivity based on MLR threshold to tone pips at 500 Hz and behavioural
      results obtained by conventional pure-tone audiometry. Although the correlation
      coefficient between the behavioural and electrophysiological measurements was
      statistically significant (r = 0.85), further studies are required in order to
      determine the real magnitude of the predicted errors obtained, before this
      electrophysiological measure can be applied clinically.

PMID- 3406657
TI  - Evoked acoustic emissions from the human ear. IV. Final results in 100 neonates.
AB  - Evoked acoustic emissions were recorded from both ears in a series of 100
      consecutive normal newborns. We used the same stimulus, a 2-kHz click, and
      recording technique as previously described. Analysis of the data showed that
      evoked emissions could be identified in all ears, except one at 70 dBaud (i.e.
      approximately 30 dB nHL). No significant differences could be demonstrated
      between males and females or between left and right ears with regard to the
      latency of the emissions, the peak-to-peak amplitude, the main frequency
      component, or the waveform correlation between the two 70 dBaud recordings in
      each ear. However, a significant correlation between left and right ears was
      found for the amplitude and frequency of the emissions. Practical and
      methodological problems related to the recording were elucidated. The tail of the
      stimulus artifact sometimes interfered with the first part of the emissions even
      though the recordings were made in a time window delayed 5 ms relative to the
      stimulus onset. We tried to solve this artifact problem by different off-line
      techniques, but found no useful solution. We therefore continued to use only a
      cosine tapering of the first 2 ms of the time window. Three different ways of
      determining latencies were evaluated and we found that the 'envelope' technique
      was the most simple and reliable. Recording of evoked acoustic emissions is a
      quick and non-invasive method and provided that the presence of the emissions is
      related to normal cochlear function, it can be used as a screening test in
      newborns.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3406658
TI  - Hearing capacity in samples of men from the general population. The study of men
      born in 1913 and 1923.
AB  - The auditory pure-tone thresholds and a number of factors affecting hearing were
      studied in a sample of 767 60-year-old men and 220 50-year-old men from the
      general population of Gothenburg, Sweden. There was a good correlation between
      self-reported hearing and measured hearing acuity. The auditory function in this
      study was generally poorer than in other comparable studies, which probably
      reflects the influence of an urban industrialized environment on hearing. The
      hearing acuity of the right ear was generally better than that of the left. This
      was not entirely due to selective noise exposure but possibly partly due to a
      biological difference between the two ears. The two predominant factors affecting
      the hearing were noise exposure and otitis media sequelae, assessed as tympanic
      membrane pathology. Noise exposure mainly affected the high-frequency range,
      whereas middle ear pathology affected all frequencies and was added to noise
      induced hearing loss. Men from low social classes had poorer hearing than men in
      higher social classes. This gradient persisted to some extent when noise exposure
      and tympanic membrane pathology were taken into account. About 11% of the 60-year
      old men and 4% of the 50-year-old men fulfilled the criteria for hearing aid
      amplification, illustrating the need for such equipment in the short-term
      perspective, and noise protection in the long run.

PMID- 3406659
TI  - The effect of specific compression settings on phoneme identification in hearing
      impaired subjects.
AB  - In this study, some aspects of single-channel compression have been investigated
      in 15 hearing-impaired subjects and 4 normal-hearing listeners. Phoneme
      perception as a function of the compression-threshold level was measured for two
      hearing aids with input-dependent compression, differing in compression ratio and
      compression recovery time. Phoneme-identification scores, obtained by different
      hearing aids under similar conditions, did not differ significantly. However,
      there was a small but significant increase in identification scores for the
      lowest setting of the compression threshold. Some qualitative differences in the
      patterns of confusion could also be established. There are indications that
      compression reduces the relative contribution of frication and enhances the
      contribution of the second formant of vowels in phoneme perception.

PMID- 3406660
TI  - Dynamic-range reduction by peak clipping or compression and its effects on
      phoneme perception in hearing-impaired listeners.
AB  - In this study, differences between dynamic-range reduction by peak clipping and
      single-channel compression for phoneme perception through conventional hearing
      aids have been investigated. The results from 16 hearing-impaired listeners show
      that compression limiting yields significantly better phoneme identification
      scores than does peak clipping if a strong reduction of the dynamic range has to
      be effected. In addition, some qualitative differences in confusion patterns
      could be established: the perception of low-frequency information appears to be
      relatively important in compression limiting; the perception of plosiveness is
      less important.

PMID- 3406661
TI  - Auditory brain stem responses in dyslexic and normal children. A prospective
      clinical investigation.
AB  - Auditory Brain stem Responses (ABR) were performed prospectively in 24 severely
      constitutionally dyslexic children. None of the subjects showed any signs of
      organic or psychologic abnormality. The results were matched with a corresponding
      group of normal children. The response latencies of the two groups were almost
      identical (no statistically significant difference). We conclude that dysfunction
      of the brain stem auditory pathways should not be expected in constitutionally
      dyslexic children.

PMID- 3406662
TI  - Acute acoustic trauma. An emergency condition.
AB  - This paper reviews 16 selected patients reporting for acute acoustic trauma
      (AAT). All patients had a fairly recent pre-accident audiogram. Most of the
      patients were tested audiologically immediately after the acoustic accident. All
      patients were men, with ages varying between 16 and 50 years. Eight patients
      received pharmacological treatment with low-molecular-dextran intravenously,
      papaverin perorally and prednisolone perorally. The high-frequency pure-tone
      average (3-4-6 kHz) was more affected than the pure-tone average (0.5-1-2 kHz).
      In 2 patients, the converse was true. The most affected frequencies were 3, 4,
      and 6 kHz. The initial maximum hearing loss varied between 15 and 70 dB. In 6
      patients, extra-high-frequency audiometry (8-20 kHz) was performed and in all
      patients an asymmetry was demonstrated. Younger patients had somewhat more
      hearing improvement after AAT than older patients. It also appears that patients
      reporting early had a somewhat better healing course than patients reporting
      later.

PMID- 3406663
TI  - Infective endocarditis 1973-1984 at the Bergen University Hospital: clinical
      feature, treatment and prognosis.
AB  - During the period 1973-1984, 72 patients with infective endocarditis (IE) were
      hospitalized in the medical department, Bergen University Hospital. The
      male/female ratio was 1.25/1, the mean age 55.3 years. 35 infections were caused
      by streptococci, 18 by staphylococci, 6 by other microorganisms and in 13 cases
      no causal organism was found. Only 13 patients had rheumatic heart disease. The
      overall mortality was 35%, and the mean age of the patients who died was 65
      years. The case fatality rates for staphylococcal and streptococcal endocarditis
      were 61 and 24% respectively. In the period 1973-1978 the case fatality rate was
      50% compared to 26% during 1979-1984. The proportion of patients with culture
      negative endocarditis was reduced from 31 to 11% from the first to the second
      half of the study and the percentage of patients who received antibiotics before
      diagnosis decreased from 81 to 58%. Valve replacement was performed in 4 patients
      with staphylococcal and 15 with streptococcal infections. Seven cases (mean age
      73.4 years) were diagnosed at necropsy; 3 with staphylococcal infections. With
      increased clinical awareness of IE, liberal use of blood cultures, better
      diagnostic tools and earlier surgical intervention, especially in staphylococcal
      infections, a further reduction in mortality should be possible.

PMID- 3406664
TI  - Neonatal rotavirus infection and its relation to cord blood antibodies.
AB  - Among 274 neonates born at the maternity services of an urban hospital in India,
      36.1% of the infants shed rotavirus in feces (as detected by ELISA) by 72 h of
      life. The excretion rate increased to 70.3% among the 120 infants who stayed for
      5 days or more at the hospital. Diarrhoeal symptoms of mild and self-limited
      nature were observed only in 19.2% of the rotavirus excretors, the remaining
      being asymptomatic. Among the 98 infants who received supplement feeds, 49%
      acquired rotavirus infection as against 24.7% of the 150 exclusively breast fed
      infants (p less than 0.001). Viral RNA in the feces of all rota positive infants
      showed the same electropherotype, indicating infection from a common source. The
      mean percentage rotavirus inhibitory activity of cord sera in the infected and
      non-infected infants was 50.2 +/- 21.7 and 56.6 +/- 19.2 respectively (p greater
      than 0.05), suggesting that cord blood antibodies do not offer significant
      protection against neonatal rotavirus infection.

PMID- 3406665
TI  - Rubella immunity and morbidity: effects of vaccination in Finland.
AB  - The occurrence of rubella antibodies and frequency of virologically proven
      rubella infections in different age groups were analyzed in a large serum
      material (about 60,000 sera) collected both before and after the start of
      nationwide vaccination of children against measles, mumps and rubella in Finland
      in 1982. The combined live vaccine significantly raised the rubella immunity of
      children and shifted rubella infections to older ages. In 1986, 91-98% immunity
      was found in the 2-10-year-old children so far covered by the vaccination
      programme; no rubella cases were diagnosed in this age group. We also
      demonstrated that another rubella vaccine given to about 60% of 13-year-old girls
      since 1975 both raised the immunity and reduced the occurrence of rubella in the
      vaccinated population. It is concluded that the rubella vaccinations, especially
      the combined vaccine given to small children, are effective, although the total
      number of reported rubella cases in the whole population did not decrease
      significantly during the study period.

PMID- 3406666
TI  - Herpes zoster in African patients: an early manifestation of HIV infection.
AB  - During a 3-month period, 131 cases of herpes zoster were diagnosed in Kigali,
      Rwanda. There were 46 female and 85 male patients. Mean age was 29 years (range 1
      66). An unusually high proportion of patients presented with cranial and sacral
      nerve localisation of their cutaneous lesions. 55/131 patients (42%) had
      involvement of more than one dermatome. None of the patients had an underlying
      condition known to favour herpes zoster. 120/131 (92%) had antibodies to HIV
      detected by an immunoenzymatic assay (EIA) and indirect immunofluorescence.
      92/125 adult patients (74%) had no sign or symptom related to HIV infection other
      than herpes zoster. This study suggests that herpes zoster in Central Africa is
      an early and readily detectable manifestation of HIV-induced immunosuppression.

PMID- 3406667
TI  - Increased production of malondialdehyde in patients with HIV infection.
AB  - The mean plasma content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in 30 patients in different
      stages of HIV infection was found to be about 30% higher than that in controls.
      The phenomenon was not correlated to the degree of immunodeficiency and was noted
      early in the course of the disease. This indicates a higher degree of basal lipid
      peroxidation, which might contribute to the tissue damage seen in these patients.
      A new reverse phase liquid chromatography method was used for quantitative
      measurements of MDA in plasma after reaction of this compound with thiobarbituric
      acid.

PMID- 3406668
TI  - An epidemic outbreak of group B meningococcal disease on the Faroe Islands.
AB  - An epidemic of group B meningococcal disease on the Faroe Islands is described. A
      peak annual incidence of 95 cases/100,000 was reached in 1981. The time at which
      the epidemic commenced cannot be determined due to inadequate diagnostic
      facilities, but was presumably around the end of the 1970s. The incidence fell to
      29 cases/100,000 in 1985, which indicates that the Faroe Islands are still a high
      incidence area. A total of 203 cases of meningococcal disease were recorded
      during the period 1978-1985 with 11 deaths (lethality rate 5.4%). After
      rifampicin was introduced in 1981 as prophylactic treatment against secondary
      cases, 1,892 persons were treated with this agent and none of these appeared in
      the study population. Before rifampicin prophylaxis was introduced, the number of
      cases were distributed with an evenly increasing incidence in the capital and in
      the provinces. Following the introduction of rifampicin as prophylactic agent, a
      fall in the incidence in both areas was observed. This fall was more pronounced
      in the capital, where the number of prescribed prophylactic doses per case of
      meningococcal disease was higher than in the province.

PMID- 3406669
TI  - Pulmonary infection due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AB  - Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are now causing severe
      clinical infection on a worldwide basis. Pulmonary infection due to MRSA although
      widely reported is poorly documented. We report the predisposing factors,
      underlying diseases, treatment and outcome in 4 patients with pneumonia, 3
      patients with empyema thoracis, 1 patient with pneumonia and empyema thoracis, 1
      patient with pneumonia plus lobectomy wound infection and 2 patients with lung
      abscess. Vancomycin was highly effective in treatment, a finding compatible with
      experience treating other severe MRSA infections.

PMID- 3406670
TI  - Acute diarrhoea in adults: aetiology, clinical appearance and therapeutic
      aspects.
AB  - A prospective study of acute diarrhoea was performed during 15 months 1981/1982
      and included 731 patients and 240 controls. 43% had been infected abroad. A
      cluster of travellers with bacterial pathogens was diagnosed in July-August. The
      following pathogens were found: Campylobacter (18%), enterotoxigenic E. coli
      (6%), Salmonella spp. (5%), rotavirus (4%), Yersinia enterocolitica (3%), Giardia
      lamblia (3%), Shigella spp. (2%), Clostridium difficile (2%), enteroviruses (2%)
      and Entamoeba histolytica (less than 1%). More than 90% of the bacterial or
      parasitic enteropathogens were detected in the first stool sample. Only 10% of
      the patients needed hospital treatment and for 97% oral fluids were sufficient.
      The median duration of diarrhoea was 9 days. No fatal cases occurred and only 2
      cases of chronic bowel disease were detected.

PMID- 3406671
TI  - Socioeconomic effects of acute diarrhoea in adults.
AB  - Epidemiological features and socioeconomic importance of acute diarrhoea in
      adults were studied in a prospective investigation of 309 patients and 240
      controls in the city of Malmo, Sweden. Data from a national survey of 6,000
      individuals interviewed for gastrointestinal and other symptoms were included.
      The age group 20-35 years constituted half of the patients. Although 41% of all
      patients were travellers--and travelling is more common in young people--the age
      distribution was not due to travelling habits alone. A relative risk of
      attracting diarrhoea abroad in different geographical regions is indicated,
      tropical Africa and Romania having the highest risk factors. The community costs
      of diarrhoea depend much more on production loss by the affliction of young
      people than direct costs for medical care. Preventive measures would be
      economically rewarding.

PMID- 3406672
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of spinal epidural abscess.
AB  - In 3 patients with epidural abscess, 2 in the cervical spine and 1 in the lumbar
      spine the definite diagnosis was established by magnetic resonance imaging (MR).
      In 1 patient computerized tomography was performed but the correct diagnosis was
      revealed only by MR. The infections were all acute and due to Staphylococcus
      aureus organisms. One patient developed a tetraparesis on the third day, before
      the diagnosis was established or antibiotic treatment initiated. The other 2
      showed only minor and passing neurologic deficits. None was subjected to
      laminectomy. In 2 cases the diagnosis was confirmed by puncture. None of the
      patients had a preceding trauma or a known focus for the staphylococcal
      infection.

PMID- 3406673
TI  - Corynebacterium haemolyticum septicemia in a girl with mononucleosis infectiosa.
AB  - Many isolates of Corynebacterium are dismissed as contaminants by technicians and
      microbiologists in the laboratory. We report the isolation of Corynebacterium
      haemolyticum from the blood of a 15-year-old girl with mononucleosis infectiosa
      and conclude that this species should be considered as a possible pathogen and
      not only be regarded as innocent bacteria, particularly in the immunocompromised
      host.

PMID- 3406674
TI  - Meningococcal meningitis and diabetes insipidus.
AB  - A 20-year-old woman with a transient diabetes insipidus as a complication to
      meningococcal meningitis is presented. This condition has only been described
      once before. Culture of blood and spinal fluid yielded Neisseria meningitidis
      group B, sensitive to penicillin. The diabetes insipidus arose on day 4 after
      admission and continued to day 15. Treatment comprised benzylpenicillin, DIC
      therapy, assisted ventilation, and vasopressin.

PMID- 3406675
TI  - Clinical features and management of two cases of Streptococcus milleri chest
      infection.
AB  - We report 2 cases of Streptococcus milleri infection of the lung. One patient, a
      58-year-old woman, presented with a large abscess in a previously normal lung,
      the other, a 53-year-old man, had a secondary infection of lung previously
      scarred by tuberculosis and surgery. Both patients had severe dental caries. Four
      weeks of therapy with high dose antibiotics and physiotherapy were required.
      Invasive techniques were needed to isolate the organism.

PMID- 3406676
TI  - Septicemia caused by Staphylococcus saprophyticus.
AB  - Staphylococcus saprophyticus is a common cause of acute urinary tract infection
      (UTI) in young women. Septicemia has not been reported in patients without signs
      of immunodeficiency. We report 2 such cases in previously healthy 19- and 33-year
      old women. Thus, this microbe may give rise to invasive infection and should be
      considered when coagulase-negative staphylococci are isolated from blood cultures
      in patients with symptoms of UTI.

PMID- 3406677
TI  - Antibody response to Campylobacter pylori in diverse ethnic groups.
AB  - Antibody response to Campylobacter pylori was measured in ethnic groups of
      Vietnamese, El Salvadorean and Ethiopian origin. The results were compared with
      the previously reported antibody titres found in sera of culture positive and
      culture negative patients, patients suffering from duodenal ulcer, white
      Australian blood donors and Australian Aboriginals. While in Vietnamese the
      prevalence of serologically positive sera was found to be similar to the white
      Australian population, numbers of serologically positive sera in El Salvadorean
      and Ethiopian ethnic groups was found to be very high. The high incidence of
      serologically positive sera in the Ethiopians correlated with the reported high
      incidence of duodenal ulcer in this population.

PMID- 3406678
TI  - Mannose-resistant haemagglutination by Campylobacter pylori.
AB  - 10 Campylobacter pylori strains were screened for the presence of presumptive
      colonization factors by measuring cell surface hydrophobicity and
      haemagglutination. All 8 clinical isolates and 2 reference strains caused
      haemagglutination of rabbit, human and/or sheep erythrocytes in the presence of
      mannose. None of the strains expressed a hydrophobic cell surface. In preliminary
      experiments the haemagglutination could be inhibited with monosialogangliosides
      suggesting that these strains express sialic acid specific haemagglutinin(s)
      which could be involved in colonization of mucosal surfaces.

PMID- 3406679
TI  - Diphtheria: incidence trends and age-wise changes of immunity.

PMID- 3406680
TI  - Aztreonam treatment of sepsis.

PMID- 3406681
TI  - The effectiveness of training intellectual functions in adults with acquired
      brain damage. An evaluation of occupational therapy methods.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and maintenance of
      occupational therapy training of intellectual functions. Gain in generalization,
      by which is meant the transfer of newly-learned skills to novel but appropriate
      tasks, was also studied. Sixty-seven patients with acquired brain damage
      underwent 14 weeks of training in one of the following four groups, to which
      selection was randomized: Intellectual Function Training (IFT) plus a regular
      rehabilitation programme (R) (n = 15), Intellectual Housework Training (IHT) plus
      R (n = 19), and IFT + IHT + R (n = 15). The fourth group, which received regular
      rehabilitation only (R) (n = 18) was the control. A four-group, pretest-posttest,
      follow-up, controlled experimental test design was adopted. The training result
      was assessed with the Intellectual Function Assessment (IFA), the Intellectual
      Housework Assessment (IHA) and 15 psychometric tests. Comparison between the IFT,
      the IHT and the IFT + IHT groups respectively and the R group indicated some
      areas of function where individualized intellectual training was more effective
      than a regular rehabilitation programme of occupational therapy. The development
      of intellectual functions within each group was obvious in most areas, but less
      so within the R group than in the others. The maintenance of training effects
      could not be demonstrated satisfactorily. Generalization gains were demonstrated
      in 4/5 "theoretical" intellectual functional areas assessed with IFA, and in 3/7
      "practical" intellectual functional areas assessed with IHA.

PMID- 3406682
TI  - A housework-based assessment of intellectual functions in patients with acquired
      brain damage. Development and evaluation of an occupational therapy method.
AB  - The purpose of the study was to develop and evaluate a housework-based method of
      selecting, from among adults with acquired brain damage, those who would benefit
      from housework-based training; and of assessing the effects of such training. The
      method presented--the Intellectual Housework Assessment (IHA)--consists of two
      parallel programmes of seven subtests, each including eight observation points.
      There is also a manual. The reliability of the IHA was tested in a group of
      cerebrovascular accident (CVA) patients. Construct validity was studied by
      calculating the mean IHA difference between the patient group and a group of
      nonclinical persons. Concurrent validity was studied through comparison with the
      Intellectual Function Assessment (IFA), with a psychometric test battery and with
      an ADL status. The results of the study indicate that IHA is an adequate
      instrument for the purposes specified.

PMID- 3406683
TI  - Reproducibility of intra-abdominal pressure when lifting.
AB  - Reproducibility of intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) variation was investigated in
      fifteen young male subjects when lifting three loads, 49, 98 and 147 N, with
      three speeds of movement, slow, fast and spontaneous, and starting from four
      standing postures: trunk erect, trunk forward flexed at 30, 60, and 90 degrees of
      dorsolumbar inclination. Each lift was replicated five times successively and the
      whole protocol was replicated at one a week interval. The intra-individual
      variability in IAP response was assessed using the standard deviation of each
      series of ten lifts. Results showed that variability of peak IAP increased with
      the load and with the lifting speed. This effect of speed was especially observed
      for light loads and in forward bending postures. Trunk posture had in itself no
      significant effect on IAP reproducibility. However, when the variations in the
      moment acting at lumbar level were taken into account by considering the IAP to
      moment ratio, the reproducibility of the response was not affected by the load
      but only by the trunk posture. Reproducibility was lower in the erect posture
      than in the three flexed positions. It is suggested that this difference relates
      to the importance in each posture of the moment acting at the shoulder with
      respect to the total moment acting at lumbar level.

PMID- 3406684
TI  - Rank order of peak amplitude of EMG between the three muscles of triceps surae
      during maximum isokinetic contractions.
AB  - Peak torque (PT) of maximum isokinetic plantar flexions was measured at 4 angular
      velocities (30, 60, 120 and 180 degrees/s) in 88 subjects. Simultaneous
      recordings of electromyograms (low-pass filtered and rectified) were obtained
      from the three heads of m. triceps surae. Subjects were clinically healthy
      subjects randomly chosen in age-groups 40-44, 50-54 and 60-64 years. The delays
      (in degrees) in range of motion (from maximum dorsiflexed position) of PT and of
      peak value of the low-pass filtered EMG-amplitudes (pEMG) were determined and
      ranked. pEMG of gastrocnemius medialis was reached before m. gastrocnemius
      lateralis which reached pEMG before m. soleus. At 30 degrees/s PT coincided with
      the pEMG of m. soleus, while at 120 and 180 degrees/s PT coincided with pEMGs of
      mm. gastrocnemii. The fixed rank order of pEMGs in the three muscles might be a
      reflexion of differences in the motor unit populations in the mm. gastrocnemii
      and m. soleus. The findings indicate that the relative roles of the three
      muscles, when torque-production is concerned, is dependent on angular velocity.

PMID- 3406685
TI  - Surgery in hydatid cyst of the lung. A report of 460 cases.
AB  - A series of 460 surgically treated cases of hydatid cyst of the lung is
      presented. Radiologic preoperative diagnosis was made in 90% of the patients.
      Cystotomy with subsequent capitonnage was performed in 395 cases, wedge resection
      in 27, lobectomy in 15 and segmental resection in 23 cases. After careful
      hemostasis, two drains were placed in the thorax and the thoracic cavity was
      closed. There were three postoperative deaths (0.6%) and two recurrences of cyst
      (0.4%) during follow-up investigation for periods up to 10 years.

PMID- 3406686
TI  - Free internal mammary artery graft as canine femoral artery substitute.
AB  - Both right and left internal mammary artery (IMA) were dissected free in six dogs
      via median sternotomy, the left together with 2 cm-wide surrounding tissue and
      the right as naked artery. Free IMA grafts (3 cm long) were anastomosed end-to
      end to the femoral arteries as bypass. Graft patency was assessed by palpation
      and Doppler analysis twice monthly. At 6 months all grafts were patent. They were
      harvested for light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Intimal thickening
      was seen in one specimen from each side. Medial fibrosis was more common in the
      IMA grafts with surrounding tissue. SEM showed endothelium in all grafts, but
      with some degeneration of endothelial cells. The study thus demonstrated
      maintenance of patency in free IMA grafts, which did not differ if the graft had
      been taken with or without surrounding tissue.

PMID- 3406687
TI  - Complications of intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation, with special reference to
      limb ischemia.
AB  - During a 5-year period, intra-aortic balloon pumping (IABP) was performed on 90
      patients (3.1% of those undergoing open-heart surgery), using a Percor catheter
      inserted with Seldinger technique. Overall prognosis was poor; only 46 of the 90
      patients were alive at postoperative follow-up averaging 23 months. Limb ischemia
      arose in 20%, with incidence uninfluenced by catheter insertion technique
      (percutaneous v. 'open'). Surgical treatment was required for half of the
      ischemic limbs. Groin hematoma commonly followed percutaneous extraction of IABP
      catheter, whereas 'open' removal was always hemostatic, with potential for
      embolectomy. Percutaneous insertion of IABP catheter via the femoral artery is
      the method of choice in an emergency situation. 'Open' Seldinger technique is
      preferable in the operating room. For elective IABP catheter removal, the 'open',
      hemostatic technique is recommended. If limb-threatening ischemia develops, the
      catheter must be removed. If the patient is IABP-dependent, the contralateral
      femoral artery or the ascending aorta should be considered as an alternative
      catheter route.

PMID- 3406688
TI  - Reduction of post-thoracotomy pain by cryotherapy of intercostal nerves.
AB  - In a prospective study, 144 patients undergoing thoracotomy were randomized to
      two groups: In 71 cases cryoanalgesia was applied intraoperatively to the
      intercostal nerves above and below the incision to relieve postoperative pain,
      and 73 (control group) received bupivacaine-adrenaline intercostal blockade at
      the end of the operation. The amount of administered narcotic and mild
      analgesics, the visual analogue pain scores, the need for further intercostal
      blockade and the number of postoperative bronchoscopies to clear retained
      secretion were significantly less in the cryoanalgesia group than in the
      controls. There were no late nerve complications after cryoanalgesia, which is
      recommended for routine use in thoracotomy.

PMID- 3406689
TI  - Transhiatal esophagectomy without thoracotomy.
AB  - Twenty patients with cancer of the esophagus and/or cardia underwent
      transmediastinal esophagectomy by blunt dissection without thoracotomy. Resection
      and reconstruction with gastroesophageal anastomosis was performed in a single
      stage in 13 cases. The tumor was nonresectable in seven cases, and instead a
      substernal bypass was performed. The technical maneuvers are described, and the
      results and possible advantages and disadvantages of the transhiatal method are
      discussed.

PMID- 3406690
TI  - Carcinoma of the lung, stage III. Experience with the new TNM-AJCC
      classification.
AB  - The records of 228 patients who underwent surgery for primary lung cancer in 1970
      1986 were reviewed. In 115 cases (94 men, 21 women) the disease was in stage III
      according to the 1978 classification of the American Joint Committee on Cancer
      (AJCC). These 115 cases were retrospectively reassessed, using a recently
      proposed new TNM classification with subdivision of stage III into IIIa, in which
      the patients may benefit from surgery, and IIIb, in which surgery is not
      advisable. Stage IIIa disease was present at operation in 87 cases and stage IIIb
      in 28. Actuarial analysis of survival rates showed that the new subclassification
      permits identification of those stage III patients who may benefit from surgical
      therapy.

PMID- 3406691
TI  - Acute atrophic glossitis after open-heart surgery.
AB  - The problem of Candida infections has become important in connection with
      transplant surgery and immunosuppression. To clarify the source of the
      postoperative acute atrophic glossitis (AAG) commonly seen in our department of
      cardiac surgery, 33 patients admitted for coronary artery bypass or valve
      replacement underwent clinical and microbiologic investigation before and after
      operation. None showed signs of AAG preoperatively, but 12 had cultures positive
      for Candida albicans, and in all 12 AAG appeared postoperatively. Six of the 21
      patients with preoperatively negative cultures likewise had postoperative AAG.
      All 18 affected patients responded well to local nystatin treatment. No patient
      had disseminated candidiasis.

PMID- 3406692
TI  - Association between bleeding and reduced red cell deformability following
      cardiopulmonary bypass.
AB  - In 56 patients undergoing open-heart surgery, red cell trauma during and
      following cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) was monitored with a microfiltration
      method that estimated deformability of the cells. Red cell deformability was
      reduced by 38% during CPB and at a slower rate thereafter. The lowest
      filterability rate was reached on the second day, after which improvement began.
      In patients who had undergone coronary artery bypass grafting, preoperative
      values of red cell deformability were reached after 6 weeks. Following valve
      replacement, however, preoperative values were not regained during this period,
      which was attributed to continuous mechanical trauma by the artificial valves. A
      50% reduction of red cell filterability from the end of CPB to 12 and 24 hours
      from the start of CPB was associated with heavy blood loss (greater than 1,000
      ml) from drains. Reduced red cell deformability thus showed relationship with a
      bleeding tendency following use of CPB.

PMID- 3406693
TI  - Association between pulmonary dysfunction and reduced red cell deformability
      following cardiopulmonary bypass.
AB  - Fifty-six patients undergoing open-heart surgery were monitored for red cell
      trauma during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), using a standard red cell
      microfiltration method. The average red cell deformability was reduced by 38%.
      Respirator time was shorter in the patients with lesser degrees of red cell
      trauma, and vice versa. After extubation, the tendency to hypercapnia was
      greatest in the patients with most red cell trauma during CPB. Hypoxic tendencies
      in the first 24 postextubation hours were comparably distributed among all levels
      of red cell trauma.

PMID- 3406694
TI  - Association between arrhythmias and reduced red cell deformability following
      cardiopulmonary bypass.
AB  - In 56 patients undergoing open-heart surgery, trauma to the red cells (reduced
      deformability) during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) was monitored by estimating
      reduction in red cell filtration rate (RFR). Treatment-requiring arrhythmias
      (atrial tachyarrhythmia and ventricular tachycardia) appearing more than 24 hours
      postoperatively were associated with RFR reduction after CPB. The incidence of
      arrhythmia was 31% in the patients with less than 25% fall in RFR, 53% in those
      with greater than 25% fall and 81% when the RFR reduction was greater than 75%.
      RFR fall preceded appearance of arrhythmia.

PMID- 3406695
TI  - Aortic origin of the right pulmonary artery: a cause of heart failure in infancy
      at high altitude.
AB  - The development of technique for surgical correction of aortic origin of the
      right pulmonary artery is described. In the first patient, aged 7 years, the
      operation was performed via bilateral thoracotomy, with standby for
      extracorporeal circulation, and the right pulmonary artery was anastomosed
      directly to the left, using side clamps on both aorta and left pulmonary artery.
      The currently preferred procedure is to operate as early as possible in infancy,
      using perfusion at 30 degrees C with ventricular fibrillation and without cross
      clamping of the aorta. Wide mobilization of the pulmonary artery probably
      prevents stenosis at the end-to-side anastomosis.

PMID- 3406696
TI  - Choice of the operative approach in two cardiosurgical patients assisted by
      preoperative computed tomography. Case report.
AB  - The perioperative course of two patients is exemplified to demonstrate the
      significance of the preoperative thoracic computed tomography for the selection
      of a proper surgical approach.

PMID- 3406697
TI  - Primary tumours of the ribs.
AB  - Thirty-four primary rib tumours (24 benign, 10 malignant) were surgically treated
      in 1966-1985. The mean age was higher and the tumour diameter was greater in the
      patients with malignant, than in those with benign neoplasm. The benign tumours
      were excised without operative death. At follow-up after a mean of 12.3 years
      there was no recurrence of benign growth, but in two cases with initial diagnosis
      of chondroma a regrowth at the same site proved to be chondrosarcoma. Among the
      cases of malignant tumour there was one operative death from pulmonary embolism,
      after radical resection of sarcoma. None of the four patients with chondrosarcoma
      had recurrence 6-13 years after surgery. There was no long-term survival among
      the patients with other forms of sarcoma or malignant tumour of the
      reticuloendothelial system.

PMID- 3406698
TI  - The dilemma of caesarean section.

PMID- 3406699
TI  - Complications of colorectal surgery. A review of factors affecting surgical
      complication in 411 colorectal procedures.

PMID- 3406700
TI  - Computer-assisted documentation of residents' clinical competence for procedural
      skills. Documentation of clinical skills by a simple computer database verifies
      procedures a resident performs in training for specialty board requirements and
      for hospital staff credential needs.

PMID- 3406701
TI  - Geobiocoenosis: the chemical elements and relative abundances in biotic and
      abiotic systems.
AB  - Geobiocoenosis (the total ecosystem i.e. biotic + abiotic) is concerned with the
      evolution of life on Earth, in particular the harmony which has developed between
      geochemical and biological systems. In any geochemical province the abundance of
      the elements in the geosphere should, to various degrees, be reflected by those
      present in the biosphere. The extent to which elements are transferred from an
      abiotic to a biotic system is normally controlled by the particular biological
      processes which characterise the biota. On the basis of associations between
      elements which were established during organic evolution, here I consider whether
      or not any coherent patterns in the abundances of the elements occur between
      abiotic and biotic systems. In particular, to establish what may be considered as
      normal and those which are disturbed, for example as a consequence of
      contamination and pollution of the environment. An objective is to establish
      natural abundance patterns for the elements in living organisms in order to
      provide baseline data for concentrations rather than accept alternatives, such as
      those based upon the sensitivity of a particular analytical technique or inspired
      guesses.

PMID- 3406702
TI  - Indicators of matrix dependent variation in effective dose for chromium and
      nickel aerosol exposures.
AB  - Inhaled particulates containing Cr and Ni are partially cleared or dissolved thus
      contributing to short-term internal exposures and partial retention in airways
      and airspaces. The retained fraction may continuously contribute to internal
      exposure after external exposure has ceased, through intra- and extracellular
      chemical processes which continuously liberate various metallic species; i.e. via
      an active deposit. Recent experiments with Ni and Cr compounds, and freshly
      produced welding fumes, which contain Ni and Cr, demonstrate a strong dependence
      of the distribution of these metals on oxidation state, solubility,
      bioavailability and toxicity as measured by in-vitro bioassay, depending on the
      collection, storage and analytical technique. It is suggested that exposure
      limits must consider the wide variation in short- and long-term delivered dose of
      toxic metals to target tissue with matrix, and that current protocols may be
      inadequate to protect workers in different industries involving exposures to
      widely different types of aerosols having only the same chemical element in
      common.

PMID- 3406703
TI  - Recent advances in biological monitoring of hexavalent chromium compounds.
AB  - Intratracheal instillation of 51CrCl3 in anaesthetized rabbits resulted in
      partial absorption. In blood, the absorbed material was entirely confined to the
      plasma compartment. By contrast, after similar application of Na251CrO4 the bulk
      of blood radioactivity was present in red blood cells (RBC). It is suggested that
      Cr (VI) may enter the body not reduced via the lung and may be deposited in RBC
      for the cell's lifetime (approximately 110 d). Since inhalation of Cr (VI)
      containing aerosols or particles is the main occupational exposure route for man,
      it is concluded that the chromium content of RBC could be used as a selective
      biological indicator for exposures to (carcinogenic) hexavalent chromium. The new
      theoretical concept was confirmed in a pilot study with workers of a dye pigment
      plant. Elevated chromium content of whole blood evoked by exposure to chromate
      particles correlated strongly with increased chromium values in RBC (correlation
      coefficient: 0.86).

PMID- 3406704
TI  - Biological monitoring of occupational exposure in the chromate pigment production
      industry.
AB  - A survey of occupational exposure to hexavalent chromium in chromate pigment
      production was undertaken in factories producing lead chromate (PbCrO4) and
      strontium chromate (SrCrO4). Sampling pre and post-shift in a factory where
      SrCrO4 production had just started showed the optimum strategy for biological
      monitoring is the measurement of urinary chromium, in urine samples taken at the
      end of Friday shift and pre-shift the following Monday. However, short-term
      uptake may be assessed under these circumstances by the increase in urinary
      chromium over a shift. Body burden, representing long-term chromate exposure is
      best assessed by measuring chromium in whole blood or pre-shift urinary chromium
      at the beginning of the working week. Exceptionally high levels of chromium in
      blood (387-4160 nmol l-1) and urine (41-1250 nmol nmol-1 creatinine) as well as
      skin and nasal lesions, were discovered amongst the workforce at the strontium
      chromate plant. These contrasted with occupationally unexposed levels of less
      than 20 nmol l-1 and less than 1 nmol nmol-1 creatinine, respectively, and led to
      the continuation of the biological monitoring programme. At the same time,
      improved working practices and respiratory protection equipment were introduced.
      A steady elimination of chromium from whole blood with a half-life of
      approximately 24 days was found. This elimination rate was confirmed over a 14
      day period when the workforce were completely removed from exposure. The study
      confirms the usefulness of biological monitoring in assessing the uptake of
      hexavalent chromium and control of exposure.

PMID- 3406705
TI  - Chromium in urine, serum and red blood cells in the biological monitoring of
      workers exposed to different chromium valency states.
AB  - Using personal air sampling exposure to hexavalent and trivalent chromium was
      measured in 22 workers mainly exposed to Cr(VI) and in 15 workers mainly exposed
      to Cr(III) as basic chromium sulphate. Determination of Cr(VI) in the urine of
      all the subjects using a selective technique by ETA-AAS and liquid anion
      exchangers failed to show detectable amounts of the hexavalent form, the
      detection limit of the technique being 0.05 micrograms/L. A clear relationship
      between exposure and postshift urinary total chromium was found in subjects
      exposed to Cr(VI), while urinary levels in workers exposed to chromic sulphate
      high concentration proved lower. Determination of total chromium in serum and red
      blood cells showed a significant increase of chromium levels in erythrocytes of
      workers exposed to Cr(VI) while in subjects mainly exposed to Cr(III) an increase
      of the serum fraction was observed. The results demonstrate that Cr(III) is
      absorbed through the respiratory tract, but its kinetics and distribution in the
      body are not the same as for Cr(VI), and are not adequately monitored by short
      term urinary determinations. Oxidation states of chromium largely influence
      uptake, mechanism of absorption, transport and organ distribution as well as
      toxicity of chromium-containing compounds. In particular, hexavalent derivatives
      are known to induce adverse effects, both acute and chronic, in occupationally
      exposed subjects, while there is little conclusive evidence for toxic effects
      caused by trivalent chromium compounds. Biological monitoring of exposure to
      chromium(VI) has usually been performed by determining total chromium levels in
      urine, whereas biological monitoring data in subjects occupationally exposed to
      Cr(III) are still scanty.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3406706
TI  - Toxic effect of chromium on cellular metabolism.
AB  - The cytotoxic action of Cr(VI) in intact mammalian cells is strictly related to
      its carrier-mediated transport across the plasma membrane and its reduction to
      Cr(III) inside the cell. A marked decrease in the ratio of reduced/oxidized
      glutathione in rat thymocytes treated with dichromate indicates an involvement of
      glutathione in the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) in these cells. Intracellular
      chromium is shown to interfere with specific steps of cellular energy metabolism
      in that it produces severe unbalance of purine ribonucleotide pools in hamster
      fibroblast cultures and inhibition of mitochondrial oxygen consumption in rat
      thymocytes at micromolar concentrations. To what extent the effects caused by
      Cr(VI) are directly related to the reduction process or to the subsequent binding
      of Cr(III), and possibly of Cr(V), to biological molecules playing a critical
      role in cell physiology, remains to be elucidated.

PMID- 3406707
TI  - Selected toxicological aspects of chromium(VI) compounds.
AB  - Chromium(III) is thought to be an essential element in mammals, its toxicity
      being very low. On the contrary, chromium (VI) is highly toxic to man, even if
      its effects are generally local, involving the respiratory tract and the skin.
      Once absorbed, chromium(VI) is quickly reduced to the trivalent form which
      accounts for all of this element present in the blood stream or taken up by
      tissues. As a result, any differences in systemic toxicity can only be attributed
      to differential solubilities and absorption rates. The kidney should be regarded
      as the critical organ, although tubular damage following occupational exposure is
      mostly due to acute absorption and transient in nature. Sensitive immunochemical
      techniques for the measurement of specific proteins in the urine have been used
      for the early detection of kidney damage, a possible threshold having been
      indicated at exposure levels yielding 15 micrograms/g creatinine in urine. Such a
      threshold has been confirmed by using monoclonal antibodies to reveal antigens
      from the brush-border of proximal tubules. Two main features of kidney damage
      were, however, apparent. The first one is the lack of dose-effect/response
      relationships, i.e. the lack of any progression toward more severe impairments
      when the exposure intensity increases. The second one is that the recent
      absorption rate more than the cumulated dose is responsible for the observed
      nephrotoxic effects.

PMID- 3406708
TI  - Effects derived from long-term low-level chromium exposure in ferro-alloy
      metallurgy. Study of absorption and renal function in workers.
AB  - Ferro-chromium production is based on the use of chromium oxide (III) and it is
      generally accepted that chromium in this form is not able to cross biological
      barriers. However, the data on the toxic and carcinogenic effects of hexavalent
      chromium in man are now firmly established. Some studies have questioned these
      data, calling for a clarification as to whether exposure to trivalent chromium
      can also produce human effects, perhaps with different latency time. A study was
      carried out on the exposure conditions (type and degree) in a ferro-chromium
      foundry that had been in operation since 1972. The absorption levels in the
      working population of the foundry, and the possible toxic effects on the kidney
      have been investigated. A total of 236 workers (142 employed in production
      departments, 33 office workers and 61 sub-contractor employees) were examined
      with measurement of the indicators of dose (urinary-chromium) and of effect on
      the kidney (albumin, retinol binding protein, and renal tubular epithelium
      antigens in the urine). Environmental hygiene measurements showed relatively low
      values of total chromium in the air (always less than 0.160 mg/m3). Hexavalent
      chromium was absent or, if present, at levels below the sensitivity of the
      analytical method used (0.001 mg/m3). The values of urinary chromium measured at
      the beginning and at the end of the working day and at the end of the work shift
      were always less than 5 micrograms/g creatinine, which has been proposed as a
      biological limit in chromium exposure. However, differences were observed between
      groups of subjects employed on different jobs, which is indicative of an
      absorption process varying according to the degree of exposure. The indicators of
      effect did not reveal any renal impairment, even early, that could be attributed
      to the toxic action of chromium.

PMID- 3406709
TI  - Kinetics of chromium during peritoneal dialysis.
AB  - This study describes investigations on the possible mechanisms involved in the
      transfer of Cr from the dialysate to the blood during peritoneal dialysis. The
      ability of Cr(III) compounds to penetrate across a membrane at physiological pH
      seems rather questionable, as it is well known that Cr(III) tends to form
      polymeric chains. Therefore, a systematic study was undertaken to describe the
      pathways involved in this transport. The characteristics during 'in vitro'
      dialysis were compared to the behaviour of Cr during acute 'in vivo' experiments
      on anesthetized rabbits. It appeared that lactate, a common substance of the
      dialysate, plays an extremely important role in the mobility and subsequent
      transfer of Cr(III) across the peritoneum.

PMID- 3406710
TI  - Chronic low-level lead exposure: behavioral consequences, biological exposure
      indices and reversibility.
AB  - In accord with evidence from human studies, vulnerability of the rat to lead can
      be shown to extend to exposures initiated beyond the prenatal/neonatal stage of
      development. Chronic postweaning exposure to lead acetate in drinking water
      produces characteristic changes in learned behaviour maintained by food reward.
      These performance effects are related to both exposure concentration and
      duration. Correlations between biological exposure indices and behavioral changes
      may be improved by focusing on the maximal behavioral effect and the use of
      biological indices which reflect cumulative rather than recent exposure.
      Reversibility of lead-induced changes in behaviour depend upon exposure level;
      higher exposure level effects linger long after exposure ends despite marked
      reductions in brain lead.

PMID- 3406711
TI  - Low level lead exposure and intelligence in the preschool years.
AB  - Definitive evidence of neuropsychological effects of low level Pb exposure
      continues to be sought in prospective studies of child development. The period
      from mid-infancy to age three years is important because behavioral and
      physiological characteristics of that age are associated with the intake and
      retention of environmental Pb. In the Cleveland study, we measured blood Pb (PbB)
      at ages six months, two years, and three years. At ages six months, one year and
      two year, the Mental Development Index (MDI) of the Bayley Scales of Infant
      Development was administered. The Stanford Binet Intelligence Scale IQ was
      obtained at age three years. Eight multiple regression analyses tested the
      relationship of each of the three PbB measures with the respective current and
      each ensuring developmental assessment. Demographic data and measures of the
      caretaking environment were selected as covariates for the control of confounding
      factors. Six months PbB was not related significantly to any of five assessments
      with or without control of confounding variables. The remaining three analyses
      were significant in the initial analyses, but the effect was completely
      attenuated with statistical control of confounding variables. These results
      suggest that obtained correlations between lead exposure and preschool
      intelligence depend on the caretaking environment.

PMID- 3406712
TI  - The longitudinal evaluation of verbal-reasoning in lead workers.
AB  - Four times during the course of a year, asymptomatic lead workers from the
      printing industry underwent a series of psychological tests assessing memory,
      attention, verbal-reasoning and spatial skills. In a syntactic reasoning task,
      the exposed group were less accurate, tended to be slower on the more complex
      problems and showed less consistent improvement over the year. An examination of
      subjects with changing blood-lead levels during the year showed that, within the
      exposed group, those with rising blood-lead levels were less accurate than those
      whose blood-leads fell or remained constant. This may indicate that effects of
      changing blood-lead concentrations depend upon overall level of exposure.

PMID- 3406713
TI  - Blood lead and associated risk factors in Ontario children.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine blood levels in Ontario children and
      to identify those risk factors associated with higher blood lead levels. A random
      sample of 1315 children aged 7 and younger from urban, suburban and rural Ontario
      was selected. Blood lead concentration was determined in finger prick blood
      samples by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Measurements of
      lead in air, tap water, soil, and gasoline were also established. Traffic pattern
      were determined in each area. A questionnaire was administered to a random sample
      of 800 families of the children tested to assess the presence of other risk
      factors. Urban children had higher geometric mean blood lead levels (12.02, S.D.
      = 4.4 micrograms/dl) than suburban children (9.95, S.D. = 3.5 micrograms/dl), and
      they, in turn, had higher blood lead levels than rural children (8.91, S.D. = 3.9
      micrograms/dl). Each of these differences is statistically significant (p less
      than 0.001). Fifty four (4.3%) of all children were at or above the alert level
      of 20 micrograms/dl. The proportion above the alert level did not differ
      significantly between urban, suburban and rural children. Blood lead levels were
      slightly higher for males than females and for pre-schoolers aged 3 and 4,
      compared to school age children aged 5 and 6. The blood lead levels of these
      children were significantly lower than that of children surveyed near a point
      source of industrial emissions. Multivariate statistical modelling resulted in a
      set of characteristics which best explained the differences in children's blood
      lead levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3406714
TI  - Determination of heavy metals in samples of urban solid wastes by means of the
      ICP atomic spectrometry technique.
AB  - The concentration of elements of environmental significance in the leachate from
      landfills of urban solid wastes was determined by means of Inductively-Coupled
      Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES). The suitability of extraction
      tests which simulate the leaching process were undertaken. Both highly toxic
      elements (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Pb and V) and elements present at major concentrations
      (Al, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn) were quantified at different levels within and
      under the landfill. Results showed that the extraction test recommended by EPA is
      acceptable in order to simulate natural leaching compared with the amounts of the
      elements which are brought into solution after digestion with nitric acid.
      Furthermore, significant correlations were found in the landfill composition at
      different levels for element pairs such as Al-Mn, Co-Cr, Co-Cu, Co-Fe, Co-Mn, Co
      Zn, Cr-Fe, Cr-Mn, Cu-Fe, Cu-Zn, Fe-Mn, Fe-Zn, Mn-Zn and Pb-Zn.

PMID- 3406715
TI  - Seasonal variation of thallium, lead, and chromium concentrations in airborne
      particulate matter collected in an urban area.
AB  - In November 1985 a research program started, with the aim to evaluate seasonal
      variations in the concentrations of organic and inorganic pollutants in the
      atmosphere of Genoa. The program provided for the collection of samples of
      airborne particulate in five different areas with distinct urban characteristics.
      First results for chromium, lead, and thallium concentrations in an industrial
      and in an urban area are reported. Lead showed the highest concentration at both
      locations (geometric mean: 1.037 and 0.476 microgram/m3, respectively) and
      appeared to be little affected by seasonal variation. Private traffic was
      confirmed as the main source of this pollutant. Chromium and thallium geometric
      mean concentrations were 0.006 and 0.014 microgram/m3 in site A and 0.017 and
      0.015 microgram/m3 in site B, respectively. In the urban location a good negative
      linear correlation was found between chromium and thallium concentration and mean
      ambient temperature; the domestic heating plants were suspected as important
      emission sources of these two compounds.

PMID- 3406716
TI  - Urinary thallium: critical problems, reference values and preliminary results of
      an investigation in workers with suspected industrial exposure.
AB  - Using a sensitive ETA ASS method, urinary thallium (Tl-U) has been measured in a
      group of non-exposed individuals and in two groups of workers with suspected
      industrial exposure. In non-exposed subjects (72 healthy males aged 41 +/- 11
      years) the Tl-U mean value was 0.22 mu/l (range 0.05-0.61). Significantly higher
      values were found in two groups of workers (30 and 21 subjects) employed in two
      cement factories and two cast iron foundries (mean Tl-U value: 0.38 and 0.33
      mu/l, respectively; range 0.06-1.2). Thallium has been determined in coal, raw
      materials and, in one factory, also in environmental samples, but no detectable
      levels were found. The analytical problems connected to urinary thallium
      determination and the preliminary results of biological monitoring in non-exposed
      individuals and in workers are discussed.

PMID- 3406717
TI  - Evaluation of the total Cr-levels in the ambient air in Belgium.
AB  - As a part of the general network for the monitoring of heavy metals in the
      ambient air in Belgium, total Cr-levels were measured at 14 stations distributed
      over the country from April 1982 until March 1985. The most important statistical
      results are summarized and discussed. In two regions, Liege and Genk, with
      important ferrous industries, elevated chromium pollution with important peak
      values has been detected. In the last five years, a marked increase has been
      noted for the Liege region, while at the other sites only small changes occurred.
      The relationship between chromium and the other metals measured in the ambient
      air is examined and discussed. On the basis of pollution data an attempt of
      source identification is presented.

PMID- 3406718
TI  - Urinary chromium levels in subjects living in two north Italy regions.
AB  - The concentration of total urinary chromium (Cr-U) in two different groups of
      healthy occupationally non-exposed subjects living in the Italian regions of
      Lombardia and Veneto has been determined using an ETA-AAS direct method. The age,
      sex, residence and smoking habits were correlated with CrU excretion. The mean
      CrU value found in subjects living in Lombardia (n = 310, males 170 and females
      140) was 0.59 + 0.26 microgram/l (range 0.08 - 2.10); in Veneto subjects (n =
      238, males 187 and females 51) the mean value was 0.52 +/- 0.31 microgram/l
      (range 0.05 - 1.90). A significative difference between male and female values
      and a decrease of CrU levels with age increasing have been evidenced in both
      groups. Smoking habits seem to influence metal urinary levels while, on the other
      hand, no influence of living sites was observed. Some analytical problems of ETA
      AAS Cr determination systems are discussed and "normal" CrU values measured in
      this study are compared with data reported in the literature.

PMID- 3406719
TI  - Observations on renal function in workers exposed to lead.
AB  - Renal function was studied in 40 workers chronically exposed to lead at a
      smelter. The geometric means of lead were 40 (range 24.0 - 63.0) micrograms/dl in
      blood and 47 (range 19 - 115) micrograms/g creatinine or 71 (range 20 - 250)
      micrograms/l in urine, respectively. There were no significant differences
      between the lead-exposed group and a control group in the concentrations of beta
      2-microglobulin in serum, urinary total protein and IgG, whereas the level of
      beta 2-microglobulin in urine was significantly higher in the lead-exposed group
      (p less than 0.01). No individual lead worker showed abnormally increased level
      of urinary beta 2-microglobulin. The significance of increased excretion of beta
      2-microglobulin on the basis of the group remains to be elucidated.

PMID- 3406720
TI  - How triethyl lead chloride mangles living cells.

PMID- 3406721
TI  - Impairment of chemotaxis of polymorphonuclear leukocytes from lead acid battery
      workers.
AB  - Since lead impairs in vitro the functions of macrophagic cells, we have studied
      the chemotactic activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) obtained from
      lead acid battery workers who were removed from exposure one month before,
      because they had an abnormal lead absorption. Controls were 18 age matched
      subjects without any history of occupational lead exposure. Both lead acid
      battery workers and controls had no alterations of the blood haematological and
      metabolic parameters. Chemotaxis was carried on in Boyden chambers using zymosan
      activated serum as chemotactic stimulus. The chemotactic indexes are 56.4 +/- 8.7
      in acid battery workers and 75.6 +/- in controls. The difference, which is
      statistically significant, shows that lead workers have an impairment of PMNs
      chemotactic activity.

PMID- 3406722
TI  - Heating reactivation of rats aminolevulinic acid dehydratase in lead poisoning.
AB  - Heat reactivation (60 degrees C for 5 minutes) of the red blood cells
      aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity was studied in lead treated rats (0.25
      to 5.0 mg/kg b.w., i.p., for 4 weeks). Complete enzyme reactivation occurs with
      lead blood concentration up to about 70 mcg/dl. At higher blood lead
      concentrations, only a part of the enzyme can be restored by heating. The
      different mechanisms of aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity inhibition by
      lead are discussed.

PMID- 3406723
TI  - Chromate effects on human erythrocytes--investigations on sulphydryl groups,
      cross-linking of membrane proteins and electromechanical properties in the
      coulter-counter.
AB  - The carcinogen chromate inactivates its own carrier in the human erythrocyte
      membrane. This effect is paralleled by the inhibition of chromate uptake by the
      sulphydryl reagents N-ethylmaleimide and iodoacetate. However, no decrease in the
      sulphydryl content of erythrocyte membranes treated with up to 100 mM chromate
      was detected. By SDS gel electrophoresis, a limited cross-linking of red cell
      membrane proteins was found at 100 mM chromate, but not at cytotoxic
      concentrations up to 10 mM chromate. Erythrocytes treated with up to 100 mM
      chromate exhibited no change in the "dielectric breakdown", i.e. the sharp
      decrease of the apparent cellular volume at a critical detector current.

PMID- 3406724
TI  - Uptake of 51Cr(VI) by human erythrocytes: evidence for a carrier-mediated
      transport mechanism.
AB  - Uptake of 20 micron 51Cr(VI) by resuspended red blood cells (RBC) (0.9% saline)
      was studied. Inhibition of the specific anion carrier system "band-3-protein" of
      RBC membrane with "SITS" (4-acetamido-4'-cyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulphonic acid)
      resulted in a non-competitive type of inhibition for chromium uptake. It is
      concluded that Cr(VI) is transported by participation with this system.
      Intracellularly, chromium is almost quantitatively bound to hemoglobin and
      trapped for the cell's lifetime. Glutathione (GSH) is possibly involved in this
      process as indicated by incubation experiments of RBC with 10 mM Na2(51)CrO4. In
      these experiments, a rapid decrease of GSH content of the cells was observed.

PMID- 3406725
TI  - Mercury in scalp hair of healthy Singapore residents.
AB  - Two hundred and twenty-five hair samples (150 Chinese, 44 Malays and 31 Indians)
      from healthy residents not occupationally exposed to mercury were analyzed by
      cold vapour atomic absorption spectrophotometry to determine their total,
      inorganic and organic mercury levels. The arithmetic means of total mercury
      levels in hair were 6.1, 5.2 and 5.4 ppm for the Chinese, Malays and Indians,
      respectively. Factors contributing to the amount of mercury in hair, including
      consumption of fish and marine products, use of traditional ethnic medicines,
      artificial hair waving, age, sex and ethnicity were analyzed. Fish consumption,
      sex and ethnicity are factors found to contribute significantly (p less than
      0.05) to mercury levels in hair.

PMID- 3406726
TI  - Characterization of the precipitation in an urban area of the Po valley, Italy.
AB  - Rain samples from two stations equipped with both bulk and wet/dry samplers were
      collected weekly for a year, and analyzed according to standardized monitoring
      programs. Several correlations among ions were found: these findings, especially
      when compared with the corresponding wind-frequency distribution, emphasize
      differences in the chemical composition of the rain that are related to the
      sampling site, to the kind of sampler (bulk or wet/dry) and to pollution source;
      they represent a useful means of assessing the environmental condition of the Po
      valley.

PMID- 3406728
TI  - Hexavalent chromium: toxicity and its impact on certain aspects of carbohydrate
      metabolism of the freshwater teleost, Colisa fasciatus.
AB  - The effect of hexavalent chromium on the static bioassay was examined. The LC0,
      LC50 and LC100 values at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h were determined. At 96 h, the LC50
      value was found to be 60 mg l-1 or 6.000 x 10(-4) mol l-1. The impact of a
      sublethal concentration of 48 ppm on the liver glycogen and blood glucose levels
      was investigated during 3-96 h. Liver glycogen exhibited significant depletion
      with all exposure periods except 3 h. Blood glucose level increased significantly
      from 6 h onwards, attaining its peak value at 72 h.

PMID- 3406727
TI  - Cypermethrin toxicity: effect on the carbohydrate metabolism of the Indian
      catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis.
AB  - Toxicity tests revealed that the Indian catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis, is
      highly sensitive to cypermethrin, a synthetic pyrethroid. The LC50 value
      decreased with increasing exposure time, revealing a time-dependent action of
      cypermethrin. Biochemical studies confirmed this, showing that the effects on
      carbohydrate metabolites also revealed a time-dependent response. The probable
      reasons for the disturbance in the homeostatic mechanisms of carbohydrate
      metabolism are discussed.

PMID- 3406729
TI  - Characteristics of air pollution in Birmingham, England. I. Trends and triumphs.
AB  - Air quality data for "standard smoke" and for sulphur dioxide are presented for
      the period 1962-1982 to demonstrate the long-term trends in the centre of
      Birmingham. Little data have previously been published on this major urban area
      in the United Kingdom. Deviations from the long-term trends are related to
      meteorological conditions and the air quality is compared with standards. The
      improvements in air quality are considerable and are demonstrated in various
      ways. Changes in the urban environment had their impact on air quality in the
      city, but, as found elsewhere, once reductions in pollution have been achieved it
      is meteorological factors which influence concentrations from year to year. No
      effect of the nearby urban motorway on smoke stain measurements at the monitoring
      site was observed.

PMID- 3406730
TI  - Cadmium in urban atmospheres.

PMID- 3406731
TI  - Graphical display of environmental quality criteria.
AB  - A graphical display of toxicity and exposure criteria for chemicals is described.
      The display is based on principal component analysis. Acceptable daily intake,
      highest intake limit, and other criteria of exposure to pesticides are used as
      examples. The display helps to detect similarities and differences in the data.

PMID- 3406732
TI  - Comment on "Trace elements intake in the Faroe Islands. II. Intake of mercury and
      other elements by consumption of pilot whales (Globicephalus meleanus)".

PMID- 3406733
TI  - Concentrations of Co, Cd, Cr, Ni, and Zn in crop plants cultivated in the
      vicinity of coal-fired power plants.
AB  - In order to determine the effect of airborne emissions of trace elements (Co, Cd,
      Cr, Ni and Zn) from coal-fired power plants on the environment, concentrations
      were determined in different species of agricultural plants from the local
      environment (1-15 km radius) and compared with the corresponding concentrations
      in soils and fallout. The spatial distribution of trace elements in the soil over
      7 years did not indicate any significant increased exposure to plants. In
      agricultural soils exposed to particle fallout produced by the combustion of
      brown coal, the trace element content changes slowly; it may decrease owing to
      its removal with the harvesting of crop plants and due to an insufficient supply
      of fertilizers. Particle fallout from local power plants is too small to change
      significantly the natural distribution pattern of trace elements in soils and in
      plant tissues. For monitoring purposes attention should be paid to the leaves and
      roots of sugar beet and oat seeds in the vicinity of coal-fired power plants.

PMID- 3406734
TI  - Silver-110m and 125Sb in Chernobyl fallout.
AB  - Measurements of the two unusual nuclides 110mAg and 125Sb in soils and grass,
      derived from fallout, were made in Greece after the Chernobyl reactor accident.
      The 110mAg concentrations ranged from 4.5 to 46.1 Bq kg-1 (average 14.3 Bq kg-1)
      in soils and from 0.2 to 1.5 Bq kg-1 (average 0.8 Bq kg-1) in grass. The 125Sb
      concentrations ranged from 15.7 to 284.6 Bq kg-1 (average 105.0 Bq kg-1) in soils
      and from 1.1 to 19.6 Bq kg-1 (average 4.4 Bq kg-1) in grass.

PMID- 3406735
TI  - Correlation clusters in the accumulation of metals in human scalp hair: effects
      of age, community of residence, and abundances of metals in air and water
      supplies.
AB  - Scalp hair samples taken from 122 children and 27 adults from three native Indian
      villages in northern Alberta, Canada were analyzed for 32 metals, in an attempt
      to trace industrial pollution into the human population. One of the villages has
      been exposed since 1967 to increased levels of several metals due to its
      proximity to the world's first two oil sands petroleum extraction plants (Suncor
      and Syncrude), which release large amounts of metals into the environment. Metal
      enriched particulates are emitted at a rate of 547-780 kg h-1 for Suncor, and 713
      1067 kg h-1 for Syncrude. To test the hypothesis that hair content reflected
      accumulation of environmental metals, water and aerometric samples were collected
      and analyzed for their metal content. These analyses demonstrated that elevated
      levels of nine metals in hair from children in one of the control villages
      (Garden River) are (with the exception of Al) correlated with increased levels of
      metals in water and air. Moreover, increased levels of Cu, but lowest levels of
      all other metals were found in hair and environmental samples from one control
      village (Fort Chipewyan). Correlation matrices for metals in the hair samples
      revealed three sets of highly intercorrelated metals ('correlation clusters'):
      (i) Pb/Cd; (ii) Al/V/Fe; (iii) Ca/Mg/Sr/Ba. These groups of metals were
      significantly intercorrelated (r greater than 0.6, p less than 0.001) in the
      total population, and in both children and adults, or both males and females, as
      well as when the population was compared according to community of residence. The
      robustness of the clusters is particularly noteworthy in view of large
      differences in the proportions and absolute amounts of the various metals in hair
      from children in the three villages. Plots of metal levels in hair as a function
      of age of subject reveal a dramatic decrease in concentrations of Al, V, and Fe
      during the first years of life. The high levels of Al and V in hair from very
      young children may reveal a lower selectivity in metal absorption, and a higher
      risk of toxicity during a period of rapid growth when need for nutritionally
      essential metals is particularly high.

PMID- 3406736
TI  - Chimps and research: endangered?

PMID- 3406737
TI  - AIDS report draws tepid response.

PMID- 3406738
TI  - Soviet biotechnology meets glasnost.

PMID- 3406739
TI  - Phase determination by multiple-wavelength x-ray diffraction: crystal structure
      of a basic "blue" copper protein from cucumbers.
AB  - A novel x-ray diffraction technique, multiple-wavelength anomalous dispersion
      (MAD) phasing, has been applied to the de novo determination of an unknown
      protein structure, that of the "blue" copper protein isolated from cucumber
      seedlings. This method makes use of crystallographic phases determined from
      measurements made at several wavelengths and has recently been made technically
      feasible through the use of intense, polychromatic synchrotron radiation together
      with accurate data collection from multiwire electronic area detectors. In
      contrast with all of the conventional methods of solving protein structures,
      which require either multiple isomorphous derivatives or coordinates of a similar
      structure for molecular replacement, this technique allows direct solution of the
      classical "phase problem" in x-ray crystallography. MAD phase assignment should
      be particularly useful for determining structures of small to medium-sized
      metalloproteins for which isomorphous derivatives are difficult or impossible to
      make. The structure of this particular protein provides new insights into the
      spectroscopic and redox properties of blue copper proteins, an important class of
      metalloproteins widely distributed in nature.

PMID- 3406740
TI  - Relaxation of isolated ventricular cardiomyocytes by a voltage-dependent process.
AB  - Cell contraction and relaxation were measured in single voltage-clamped guinea
      pig cardiomyocytes to investigate the contribution of sarcolemmal Na+-Ca2+
      exchange to mechanical relaxation. Cells clamped from -80 to 0 millivolts
      displayed initial phasic and subsequent tonic contractions; caffeine reduced or
      abolished the phasic and enlarged the tonic contraction. The rate of relaxation
      from tonic contractions was steeply voltage-dependent and was significantly
      slowed in the absence of a sarcolemmal Na+ gradient. Tonic contractions elicited
      in the absence of a Na+ gradient promptly relaxed when external Na+ was applied,
      reflecting activation of Na+-Ca2+ exchange. It appears that a voltage-dependent
      Na+-Ca2+ exchange can rapidly mechanically relax mammalian heart muscle.

PMID- 3406741
TI  - Legless, a novel mutation found in PHT1-1 transgenic mice.
AB  - In this report it is shown that the PHT1-1 line of transgenic mice exhibited a
      pattern of developmental abnormalities when the mice were homozygous for the
      transgene insertion. Hindlimbs were uniformly truncated at the distal end of the
      femur, resulting in a "legless" appearance. Forelimbs lacked anterior structures
      including digits and the radius. The brains had many defects, particularly in the
      anterior structures of the cerebrum, including the olfactory lobes. Craniofacial
      malformations in the form of facial clefts also commonly occurred. Furthermore,
      heterozygotes of this line, with only one copy of the DNA insertion, and other
      transgenic lines carrying the same DNA construct appeared normal, suggesting that
      in the PHT1-1 line a gene significant in mammalian development has been
      disrupted.

PMID- 3406742
TI  - Animal research.

PMID- 3406743
TI  - The LiMB database.

PMID- 3406744
TI  - Mystery disease strikes Europe's seals.

PMID- 3406745
TI  - Artificial insemination report prompts call for regulation.

PMID- 3406746
TI  - Autoregulation of enzymes by pseudosubstrate prototopes: myosin light chain
      kinase.
AB  - The myosin light chain kinase requires calmodulin for activation. Tryptic
      cleavage of the enzyme generates an inactive 64-kilodalton (kD) fragment that can
      be further cleaved to form a constitutively active, calmodulin-independent, 61-kD
      fragment. Microsequencing and amino acid analysis of purified peptides after
      proteolysis of the 61- and 64-kD fragments were used to determine the amino
      terminal and carboxyl-terminal sequences of the 64-kD fragment. Cleavage within
      the calmodulin-binding region at Arg505 generates the catalytically inactive 64
      kD fragment, which is incapable of binding calmodulin. Further digestion removes
      a carboxyl-terminal fragment, including the pseudosubstrate sequence Ser484-Lys
      Asp-Arg-Met-Lys-Lys-Tyr-Met- Ala-Arg-Arg-Lys-Trp-Gln-Lys-Thr-Gly-His-Ala-Val
      Arg505 and results in a calmodulin-independent 61-kD fragment. Both the 61- and
      64-kD fragments have the same primary amino-terminal sequences. These results
      provide direct support for the concept that the pseudosubstrate structure binds
      the active site and that the role of calmodulin is to modulate this interaction.
      Pseudosubstrates may be utilized in analogous ways by other allosterically
      regulated enzymes.

PMID- 3406747
TI  - Coordinate hormonal and synaptic regulation of vasopressin messenger RNA.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that adrenalectomy augments arginine vasopressin
      (AVP) messenger RNA levels in the adult paraventricular nucleus. It is now
      demonstrated that unilateral lesions in the lateral septal nucleus enhance the
      adrenalectomy-induced expression of AVP mRNA. This effect was entirely
      ipsilateral to the lesion and most prominent in the rostral paraventricular
      nucleus and related nuclei. Moreover, AVP and AVP mRNA were found to be
      colocalized with oxytocin in a few neurons. These results indicate that mRNA
      expression is modulated by synaptic influences and raise the possibility that
      synaptically mediated selection of neuronal phenotypes is a dynamic feature of
      the mature central nervous system.

PMID- 3406748
TI  - [Indications for and results of primary and secondary radial head resection].

PMID- 3406749
TI  - [Achilles tendon rupture. Causes--surgical technic--results--problems with expert
      testimony].

PMID- 3406750
TI  - [Spinal cord lesions resulting from diagnostic and therapeutic procedures].

PMID- 3406751
TI  - [Closed fractures of the triquetral bone with dislocation fragments].

PMID- 3406753
TI  - Contemporary issues in urologic cancer.

PMID- 3406752
TI  - [The diagnosis of fractures of the medial cuneiform bone and of injuries of
      Lisfranc's joint using a modified roentgen exposure technic].

PMID- 3406754
TI  - Selective surgery for testicular cancer (surveillance).

PMID- 3406755
TI  - Nerve sparing radical prostatectomy for early stage prostate cancer.

PMID- 3406756
TI  - Fast neutron irradiation of locally advanced prostate cancer.

PMID- 3406757
TI  - The role of radiation therapy and chemotherapy in the treatment of invasive
      carcinoma of the urinary bladder.

PMID- 3406758
TI  - Asymptomatic hepatitis B antigen(s) carriers in Singapore: serological
      reassessment.

PMID- 3406759
TI  - A comparative study of the Chiba and Turner needles in percutaneous lung biopsy.

PMID- 3406760
TI  - Observation of 100 cases of adverse drug reactions in general practice.

PMID- 3406761
TI  - Disturbing trends in abortions in Singapore--analysis in a private clinic.

PMID- 3406762
TI  - Myomectomy: indications, results of surgery and relation to fertility.

PMID- 3406763
TI  - The impact of endourology on other modalities of treatment of urinary stones in
      Singapore.

PMID- 3406764
TI  - Epidemiology of adverse drug reactions.

PMID- 3406765
TI  - Management of open tibia fractures.

PMID- 3406766
TI  - Haemoglobin E--beta thalassaemia reexamined.

PMID- 3406767
TI  - A validity study of the Middlesex Hospital Questionnaire in Malaysian population.

PMID- 3406768
TI  - Management of open tibial fractures.

PMID- 3406769
TI  - Gestational diabetes: what size the problem?

PMID- 3406770
TI  - A comparison of the levels of total serum cholesterol (1974-1984) and its
      relations to ischaemic heart disease in Singapore and the United States of
      America.

PMID- 3406771
TI  - Erythrocytic enzymes decomposing reactive oxygen species and glucose 6-phosphate
      dehydrogenase deficiency.

PMID- 3406772
TI  - Early 4-hour post-angiography ambulation as a feasible alternative to routine 24
      hour bedcare.

PMID- 3406773
TI  - Uses of krypton laser.

PMID- 3406774
TI  - Primary biliary cirrhosis: a description of four cases.

PMID- 3406775
TI  - Intrapleural tetracycline for spontaneous pneumothorax with persistent air leak.

PMID- 3406776
TI  - Survival of patients in hospital with dementia.

PMID- 3406777
TI  - Idiopathic sudden sensorineural deafness--an approach to the problem.

PMID- 3406778
TI  - Multiple primary tumours in laryngeal cancer.

PMID- 3406779
TI  - Atypical neurilemmomas of the tongue--report of two cases.

PMID- 3406780
TI  - Fixed sporotrichosis.

PMID- 3406781
TI  - Cryptococcus peritonitis.

PMID- 3406782
TI  - Pulmonary complications of percutaneous nephrostomy and kidney stone extraction.
AB  - Percutaneous nephrostomy and percutaneous removal of kidney stones are widely
      used procedures that obviate the need for open urologic surgery in many patients.
      In six patients who had percutaneous renal manipulation, pulmonary complications
      of varying severity developed, including urinothorax, pneumothorax, hemorrhage,
      pleural effusion, pneumonia, and atelectasis. Patients having percutaneous renal
      manipulation should be monitored during and after the procedure for pulmonary
      complications.

PMID- 3406783
TI  - Cranial nerve injuries after carotid artery endarterectomy.
AB  - We present a seven-year experience with cranial nerve injuries due to carotid
      artery endarterectomy. A total of 433 carotid endarterectomies were done on 355
      patients by senior surgical residents, with a staff surgeon assisting. Thirteen
      cranial nerve injuries were identified, five of which were permanent. Knowledge
      of the anatomic features of the cranial nerves and their branches in the
      operative field, as well as technical maneuvers during surgery, can reduce such
      injuries to a minimum.

PMID- 3406784
TI  - Uniform requirements for manuscripts submitted to biomedical journals.
      International Committee of Medical Journal Editors.

PMID- 3406785
TI  - The morning mail.

PMID- 3406786
TI  - Functionally reversible hepatic arteriovenous fistulas during pregnancy in
      patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia.
AB  - Two patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) who previously had
      only rare episodes of epistaxis had during pregnancy congestive heart failure and
      signs consistent with hepatic AV shunts. These were confirmed by angiography in
      one patient. After delivery the patients recovered spontaneously, and within six
      months congestive heart failure disappeared.

PMID- 3406787
TI  - Absolute ethanol embolization for peripheral arteriovenous malformation: report
      of two cures.
AB  - We have reported two patients in whom absolute ethanol was used to sclerose
      arteriovenous malformations. Because of its low viscosity, liquid form, and
      devastating effect when injected intra-arterially, absolute ethanol is effective
      in treating AVMs, and it has been proven to have curative potential. For these
      same reasons it is also potentially harmful, particularly to nerves and possibly
      to skin.

PMID- 3406788
TI  - Acute necrotizing pneumonia caused by Enterobacter cloacae.
AB  - We have described a 55-year-old man with fever, productive cough, and a right
      upper lobe infiltrate, which subsequently cavitated. Cultures of bronchial
      secretions obtained by bronchoscopic protected brush catheter technique revealed
      Enterobacter cloacae, a previously unreported cause of acute necrotizing
      pneumonia.

PMID- 3406789
TI  - Neoplastic obstruction of the trachea complicating pseudobulbar palsy.
AB  - We have reported a case of pseudobulbar palsy with airflow obstruction initially
      attributed to chronic aspiration and chronic airflow obstruction caused by
      cigarette smoking. The finding of stridor led to a detailed evaluation of the
      obstruction. Flow-volume loops, fiberoptic bronchoscopy, CT scan of the upper
      thorax, and fine-needle biopsy of a lesion of the trachea were required to make
      the diagnosis of non-small-cell carcinoma involving the trachea.

PMID- 3406791
TI  - Minicholecystectomy.

PMID- 3406790
TI  - Cardiac arrest after acute hyperphosphatemia.
AB  - Symptoms of hyperphosphatemia usually relate to the associated hypocalcemia. In a
      33-year-old patient accidental infusion of a bolus of potassium phosphate (5 ml
      intravenously) was immediately followed by cardiac arrest. During CPR, clinically
      important hypocalcemia or hyperkalemia was not detected, but serum phosphorus was
      significantly increased. Because acute phosphate load can precipitate life
      threatening cardiac arrhythmias, familiarity with doses and rate of infusion of
      phosphate is extremely important.

PMID- 3406792
TI  - Uniform requirements for manuscripts.

PMID- 3406793
TI  - What we can do today.

PMID- 3406794
TI  - Acute viral hepatitis in American soldiers in Korea.
AB  - To evaluate acute viral hepatitis in American troops stationed in South Korea, we
      retrospectively reviewed the hospital charts and laboratory records of patients
      who had a discharge diagnosis of hepatitis from January through September 1984.
      We then prospectively evaluated patients hospitalized because of acute hepatitis
      from Oct 1, 1984 through Aug 15, 1985. Seventy-five percent of cases were acute
      hepatitis B, and 25% were hepatitis A infection. Heterosexual transmission from
      the indigenous population appears to be the most frequently associated risk
      factor.

PMID- 3406795
TI  - Diaphragmatic rupture due to blunt trauma: morbidity and mortality in 42 cases.
AB  - We present an analysis of 42 cases of acute rupture of the diaphragm by blunt
      trauma. There were 31 men (74%) and 11 women (26%); the mean age was 32.8 years
      +/- 2.4 SEM. At admission, hypovolemic shock was present in 45% of the cases,
      pelvic fracture in 36%, and severe respiratory distress in 21%. Diaphragmatic
      rupture was suggested before operation by unilateral elevation of the diaphragm,
      supradiaphragmatic densities, and displacement of abdominal organs into the
      thorax, as shown by chest films and GI series in 18 cases (43%). The left
      hemidiaphragm was injured in 24 cases (57%), the right in 15 (36%), and both
      sides in three (7%). Of the 17 patients (40%) found to have an abdominal organ in
      the thorax, 12 had had a left-sided rupture. Only four patients (10%) had
      solitary diaphragmatic injuries. Associated injuries (usually two or more)
      occurred in 38 cases (90%); they were abdominal in 34, musculoskeletal in 26,
      neurologic in 16, and thoracic in nine. The injuries were repaired through a
      celiotomy in 33 cases, by thoracotomy in six, and by separate celiotomy and
      thoracotomy in three. Postoperative complications occurred in 29 cases, the most
      common being pulmonary (18), systemic sepsis (six), and recurrent bleeding
      (three). There were 14 deaths, for a mortality of 33%. Seven were operative and
      due to massive hemorrhage; the late deaths were caused by systemic sepsis in five
      and neurologic trauma in two. We conclude that (1) diaphragmatic rupture after
      blunt trauma must be suspected when specific radiologic findings are present; (2)
      solitary diaphragmatic injuries seldom occur; (3) in most cases, morbidity or
      mortality is caused by the severity of the associated injuries; and (4) most
      diaphragmatic injuries can be repaired through a celiotomy, and all of them
      should be repaired to avoid the sequela of entrapment of abdominal organs in the
      thorax.

PMID- 3406796
TI  - Inflammatory breast disease: mammographic spectrum.
AB  - We reviewed 27 biopsy-proven cases of inflammatory disease of the breast.
      Mammographic features of acute and chronic breast inflammation and abscess
      included focal increased density (68%), a spiculated mass (56%), skin thickening
      (48%), skin retraction (28%), and microcalcification (8%). We found considerable
      similarity between inflammation and malignancy.

PMID- 3406798
TI  - Proceedings of Thailand-United States-SEAMEO-TROPMED Conference: Applications of
      biotechnology on the study of animal parasites and their vectors. Bangkok, 23-25
      November, 1987.

PMID- 3406797
TI  - Diagnostic variability in suspected pulmonary embolism.
AB  - Over a 12-month period, we observed adult patients with suspected pulmonary
      embolism referred for lung scanning to determine variability in the diagnostic
      process. Among 269 studies, 157 lung scans were judged necessary by predetermined
      criteria. Ninety-three of these 157 patients had inconclusive results (low
      probability, intermediate probability, or indeterminate). Of these 93 patients,
      42 had pulmonary angiograms, ten of which were positive. Of the 51 patients with
      necessary but inconclusive scans, five were poor candidates for angiography, 15
      had other indications for anticoagulation, seven refused the study, and 24 had
      physicians who considered further studies unwarranted. Patients with and without
      pulmonary angiography were demographically and clinically similar. Although
      confirmatory testing such as pulmonary angiography was used frequently (45%)
      after an inconclusive lung scan, the question of pulmonary embolism was often
      left unanswered (55%). Methods for linking clinical judgment to lung scan results
      are necessary to select proper patients for invasive confirmatory testing.

PMID- 3406799
TI  - Biotechnology research in Thailand and applications to the study of animal
      parasites and their vectors.
AB  - Biotechnology research in Thailand owes its origins to the strength in biomedical
      and life sciences in the academia, and the importance of agriculture in the
      economy. With growing awareness of the impact of new biotechnology including
      genetic engineering, biotechnology R & D centres were set up in the universities,
      and the National Centre for Genetic Engineering and biotechnology was created in
      1983. The National Center functions as the center for policy and planning in
      biotechnology, for support of important research, development and technology
      transfer projects in designated institutions, and serves to link these
      institutions with the private sector. The aim is to develop specific
      biotechnology areas from laboratory stages up to pilot-scale, with emphasis on
      transfer and utilization of genetic engineering and biotechnology in various
      fields including public health had on strengthening of basic infrastructure in
      relevant disciplines. The National Center has 4 affiliated laboratories,
      including pilot plants, and over 30 projects in 9 institutions in the network.
      Recently the Science and Technology for Development Program has also devoted a
      part of its substantial funding to support various biotechnology research
      projects. With regard to biotechnology research relevant to the study of animal
      parasites and their vectors, the work in Thailand has up to now concentrated more
      on the application of new techniques in clinical laboratory and field work than
      in industrial productions. Specific contributions from the Unit of Parasite
      Biochemistry, Mahidol University, were given as illustrative examples.

PMID- 3406800
TI  - Effect of praziquantel treatment on antibody levels and lymphoproliferative
      responses in patients with opisthorchiasis.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to explore alternative method(s) to monitor the
      efficacy of anthelmintic treatment of patients with opisthorchiasis. Therefore,
      in our initial attempt, we studied the changes in antibody levels and
      lymphoproliferative responses in O. viverrini infected patients before and 2
      months after successful praziquantel treatment. The results showed that although
      a substantial reduction of the antibody levels occurred after such a treatment,
      it did not occur in all patients. In those showing reduction, the final level
      were still above 2 standard deviations of the normal mean value. The reduction
      was more profound for IgG antibody. With regard to the IgA antibody isotype, the
      reduction was not as marked. In contrast, IgE antibody levels in most patients
      not only failed to decline, but instead, showed a tendency to be elevated after
      praziquantel treatment. Unlike the antibody levels, there was no alteration in
      the lymphoproliferative response to PHA stimulation and therefore this parameter
      is not useful for our intended objective. It was suggested that studies of a more
      specific O. viverrini component may be more reliable than the current method of
      parasitological examination of eggs in the feces of suspected individuals.

PMID- 3406801
TI  - Investigation on immunity induced by Schistosoma spindale against S. mekongi in
      experimental mice.
AB  - An investigation on immunity induced by Schistosoma spindale cercariae (cattle
      and swamp buffalo schistosome) against S. mekongi (human schistosome) was
      conducted in Swiss albino mice. The studies comprised the development patterns of
      homologous immunity of S. spindale and heterologous immunity induced by S.
      spindale against S. mekongi. The development pattern of homologous immunity was
      studied in mice with an immunization of 100 S. spindale cercariae. At one week
      intervals, between 2 to 16 weeks after immunization, they were each challenged
      with 500 S. spindale cercariae. Significant homologous immunity, as judged by
      lung recovery assay five days after challenge, occurred from week 5 to week 16
      with week 8 giving the highest homologous immunity (68.1% of schistosomular
      reduction). Using the above information mice, with an eight-week immunization
      period of 100 S. spindale cercariae, were tested for resistance to heterologous
      S. mekongi infection. The criteria used to evaluate their immune status was
      schistosomular lung recovery, daily egg output, worm recovery and tissue egg
      count. The results showed that mice immunized with S. spindale cercariae could
      develop heterologous immunity against S. mekongi infection. Manifestation of
      immunity was demonstrated by significant reduction in mean schistosomular
      recovery (31.4%), in mean daily egg output per female worm (16.7%), in mean worm
      recovery (64.2%) and in mean egg deposition in the liver tissue and intestines
      per female worm (37.05%).

PMID- 3406802
TI  - Biotechnology research in the study of opisthorchiidae in Thailand.

PMID- 3406803
TI  - Geographic distribution and biting behaviour of four species of the Anopheles
      dirus complex (Diptera: Culicidae) in Thailand.
AB  - A cytogenetic analysis of the species status of members of the Anopheles dirus
      group, from natural populations, over a six-year period has produced
      biogeographic and behavioural data which are presented herein. Species A, B, C
      and D have quite distinct geographic distributions in Thailand. Species A is the
      only species in most of the mainland but is absent from the southern half of the
      peninsula. Species B is dominant in the far south of the peninsula giving way to
      species C on the north-east side and rarely occurring on the west side of the
      peninsula; it is unknown from the northern half or the rest of the country.
      Species C is known from the middle eastern side of the peninsula and from a site
      far to the north along the Burmese border. Species D occurs down the mountains
      along the Burmese/Thai border and along the north half of the western peninsula.
      Each species appears to have distinct times of biting during the night. They also
      appear to have differential seasonal abundance. These data together with the
      differing geographic distributions suggest some implications for Plasmodium
      transmission and that care should be taken to identify these genetic species
      during malariometric studies.

PMID- 3406804
TI  - Biotechnology research on parasites in Indonesia.

PMID- 3406805
TI  - Biotechnology on the study of the ecology and control of mollusks.

PMID- 3406806
TI  - Applications of biotechnology in parasitic diseases in Malaysia.
AB  - Biotechnological tools are being used in malaria, filariasis and dengue research.
      The main emphasis has been on the production of reagents for immunodiagnosis and
      research. In this respect monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) against various species
      and stages of the above pathogens have been produced. It is hoped that these
      McAbs will be useful not only in immunodiagnosis but also for seroepidemiological
      applications. A DNA probe against Brugia malayi has been tested in Malaysia and
      was found to be sensitive and specific.

PMID- 3406807
TI  - Impact of biotechnology on trichinellosis control.
AB  - The century-old effort to rid Trichinella spiralis from the food supply has had
      variable success, and in some regions trichinellosis remains a serious public
      health concern. However, the research advanced during the past 5 years points
      toward greater success in developing practical and efficient control strategies.
      The application of monoclonal antibody and recombinant DNA technologies has
      permitted great improvement in diagnosis and production of diagnostic reagents.
      Further, the epidemiology of the disease has undergone considerable revision
      because of the power of DNA analytical technics which are unravelling the complex
      genetics of Trichinella spiralis. This improved understanding of the parasite's
      epidemiology is critical to the design of improved control strategies.

PMID- 3406808
TI  - Survival of Vero, myeloma and hybridoma cells during cold storage.
AB  - Vero cells, SP2/O-Ag 14 myeloma cells and 4B87 hybridoma cells were stored either
      at refrigeration (5 degrees C) or freezing (-18 degrees C) temperatures. Cells
      were recovered every five days and percentages of viable cells were determined by
      the trypan blue exclusion staining method before the cells were incubated at 37
      degrees C in a 5% CO2 atmosphere. SP2/0 cells grew after 30 days of storage at 5
      degrees C. Hybridoma (4B87) cells survived 20 days of cold storage in HY medium
      and maintained antibody production. For each cell type, higher percentages of
      viable cells were observed among cells stored in HY medium than among cells
      stored in DMEM. Vero cells stored for 40 days at 5 degrees C grew when removed to
      optimal conditions of 37 degrees C and 5% CO2. There was no growth of cells
      recovered after storage at -18 degrees C.

PMID- 3406809
TI  - [Endoscopic phototherapy of peptic ulcer].

PMID- 3406810
TI  - [Reflux of gallbladder bile into the intrahepatic ducts].

PMID- 3406811
TI  - [Hyperbaric oxygenation in chronic ischemia of the legs].

PMID- 3406812
TI  - [Neurologic disorders in mechanical jaundice].

PMID- 3406813
TI  - [Hemosorption in the treatment of autoimmune diseases].

PMID- 3406814
TI  - [Inflammation activity and loss of plasma proteins in nonspecific inflammatory
      diseases of the large intestine].

PMID- 3406815
TI  - [Effect of heredity on the course and effectiveness of the treatment of chronic
      alcoholism].

PMID- 3406816
TI  - [Thymus gland secretion in myasthenia gravis].

PMID- 3406817
TI  - [Nonspecific resistance of the body in erysipelas].

PMID- 3406818
TI  - [New theories on the phase structure of the cardiac cycle].

PMID- 3406819
TI  - [Treatment of acute myocardial infarction by intravenous irradiation of the blood
      using helium-neon laser].

PMID- 3406820
TI  - [Angiography-controlled puncture biopsy of the kidney].

PMID- 3406822
TI  - [Hyperventilation syndrome in neurological practice].

PMID- 3406821
TI  - [Endocrine dysfunction in chronic candidiasis of the skin and mucous membranes].

PMID- 3406823
TI  - [Cardiac rhythm disorders in unstable stenocardia (data of diurnal ECG
      monitoring)].

PMID- 3406824
TI  - [Non-specialized first aid and emergency services in acute neurologic diseases in
      Moscow].

PMID- 3406825
TI  - [Work capacity and employment in chronic and nonspecific lung diseases associated
      with ischemic heart disease].

PMID- 3406826
TI  - [The style and medical terminology of scientific papers].

PMID- 3406827
TI  - [Exudative reaction after partial lung resection].

PMID- 3406828
TI  - [Combined chemotherapy of metastatic cancer of the breast].

PMID- 3406829
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of hairy cell leukemia].

PMID- 3406830
TI  - [Hereditary hemochromatosis].

PMID- 3406831
TI  - Twenty-four-hour growth hormone profiles in pubertal girls with idiopathic
      scoliosis.
AB  - Spontaneous growth hormone (GH) secretion during a 24-hour period was analyzed in
      16 girls with progressive adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) and in 26 healthy
      controls. All the girls were in puberty. Episodic secretion of GH both during the
      day and night was found in all girls. Both AIS girls and controls in pubertal
      stages 3 and 4 showed an increase of measured GH compared with girls in pubertal
      stage 2. Among the girls in pubertal stage 2, more GH was secreted in the AIS
      group than in the controls. It is concluded that it is only in early puberty
      (stage 2) that girls with AIS have a higher endogenous secretion of GH than
      normal girls, which implies an earlier growth spurt in scoliotic girls.

PMID- 3406832
TI  - Electroencephalographic study of schoolchildren with adolescent idiopathic
      scoliosis.
AB  - This study investigated the possible pathologic electroencephalographic (EEG)
      findings in scoliotic schoolchildren and their correlation to the degree and
      location of scoliosis. Sixty-seven scoliotic, healthy schoolchildren were
      investigated and 42 nonscoliotic, healthy schoolchildren served as controls. In
      the group of scoliotics the percentage of pathologic EEGs was higher than that of
      the control group (33% to 14%) P less than 0.05, being much higher in the EEGs
      taken after activation (57% to 22%) P less than 0.001. In the small curves, the
      percentage of pathologic EEGs was found to be higher only after activation in
      comparison with the percentage found in bigger curves, but without statistical
      significance. In lumbar, thoracolumbar, and double curves, focal EEG changes
      predominated. In contrast, in thoracic curves there was a higher incidence of
      bilaterally synchronous discharges.

PMID- 3406833
TI  - Hump changes on forward flexion of the lumbar spine in patients with idiopathic
      scoliosis. A study using ISIS and the Scoliometer in two standard positions.
AB  - A detailed study of the effects of forward flexion in the spine on back shape is
      reported. ISIS and the Scoliometer were used to record angle of trunk
      inclinations (ATIs) in 13 patients with idiopathic scoliosis. Two standard
      positions were used: standing erect (for ISIS) and sitting forward bending (for
      the Scoliometer). In the lumbar region, a positional change in ATI between
      standing erect and sitting forward is revealed; it is related to the type and
      side of mainly compensatory spinal curves. It does not correlate with Cobb angle
      but it does correlate with each of spinous process rotation (Bunnell) and
      pedicular rotation (Perdriolle). In the thoracic region, the change from a
      standing-erect to a sitting-forward-bending position, in contrast, shows a
      statistically significant reduction of the hump on the convexity of the spinal
      curve. The findings have relevance to screening tests for scoliosis.

PMID- 3406834
TI  - Spinal mobility and posture and their correlations with growth velocity in
      structurally normal boys and girls aged 13 to 14.
AB  - Spinal mobility and posture were measured and their correlations with growth
      velocity were calculated in 30 boys and 30 girls aged 13 to 14. The spinal
      measurements were carried out by noninvasive goniometric methods. In the thoracic
      spine kyphosis (P less than 0.01), forward flexion (P less than 0.01) and the sum
      of lateral flexions (P less than 0.05) were reduced in the girls compared with
      the boys. In the boys and girls alike, thoracic rotation to the left was smaller
      than to the right, but the difference was statistically significant (P less than
      0.05) only for the girls. In the girls, thoracic forward flexion and rotation to
      the left had negative correlations (r = -0.38 and -0.39, P less than 0.05) with
      growth velocity. The hypothetical significance of the results for the explanation
      of the development of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is discussed.

PMID- 3406835
TI  - Posterior spinal fusion in scoliosis: computer-assisted tomography and
      biomechanics of the fusion mass.
AB  - Thirty patients who had posterior vertebral fusion for scoliosis, performed
      without metallic implants, were examined using computer-assisted tomography to
      study the configuration of the evolving fusion mass. It was observed that the
      deposition of bone followed lines of force, according to Wolff's Law. The
      greatest amounts of bone at the apex of the curve on the concave side indicate
      that flexion-compression forces are greater at this point. Further, it was
      observed that usually the fusion mass, seen in section, has a hollow "box
      section" shape, which means that a resorption of unstressed central bone occurs.
      The hypothesis that the torsional forces are the predominant forces acting on the
      scoliotic spine can explain the characteristic "box-section" of the CT scans
      obtained.

PMID- 3406836
TI  - Forces and motions across the neck in patients treated with halo-vest.
AB  - A prospective study of the sagittal plane motion of the cervical spine,
      stabilized with a halo-vest was performed in 31 consecutive patients with
      unstable cervical spine injuries. Motion was measured in lateral radiograms taken
      with the patient in different positions and while performing various exercises.
      The extreme angle in extension and flexion in each motion segment, in any of the
      exercises, was measured and the sum of this maximal motion in each segment,
      between occiput and C6, was noted (maximal cervical motion). Distraction
      compression forces across the neck were studied simultaneously with the motion
      study in the last 20 patients of the series. Strain gauges were mounted on the
      two vertical rods of the halo-vest and the forces were correlated to the motion
      of the spine. We found a mean maximal cervical motion of 51 degrees (about 70% of
      the normal motion). The halo-vest restricted the motion the most below C2 and the
      least above C2. In the supine position, all patients had a distraction force
      across the neck (mean: 51 N) that decreased in some exercises (eg, sitting,
      standing) and increased in others (eg, arm lifting, shoulder shrugging). Both the
      motion and the force varied widely between different types of exercises. There
      was a maximal variation of 175 N between the exercises. A positive correlation
      was found (r = 0.8) between the distraction force in the supine position and the
      maximal cervical motion. No significant differences of motion in the cervical
      spine were found between the rehabilitation exercises and common activities of
      daily living.

PMID- 3406837
TI  - Lumbar disc degeneration: correlation with age, sex, and spine level in 600
      autopsy specimens.
AB  - Using data from 16 published reports, the authors correlated macroscopic disc
      degeneration grades with age, sex, and spine level in 600 lumbar intervertebral
      discs from 273 cadavers (ages: 0-96 years). Male discs were more degenerated than
      female discs at most ages; significantly so in the second, fifth, sixth, and
      seventh decades. On average, L4-L5 and L3-L4 level discs showed more degeneration
      than discs at other lumbar levels. These macroscopic findings corroborate
      radiographic data from epidemiologic studies. The calculations suggest that
      higher mechanical stress, perhaps combined with longer nutritional pathways, may
      be responsible for the earlier degeneration of male discs.

PMID- 3406838
TI  - Swelling pressure of the lumbar intervertebral discs: influence of age, spinal
      level, composition, and degeneration.
AB  - The fluid content of the intervertebral disc is important in determining its
      mechanical response and also its transport and biologic properties. Fluid content
      depends on the proteoglycan content of the tissue and on the relationship of the
      external load to the disc's swelling pressure. The influence of proteoglycan
      content and external load on the hydration of nuclei from 32 human lumbar discs
      was measured. Swelling pressure of the same specimens was measured by equilibrium
      dialysis. The influence of age (14-91 years) and spinal level was noted.
      Proteoglycan content of the discs fell with age, and for all spines tested,
      proteoglycan content was lowest in the L5-S1 disc; no systematic change in
      collagen content was found. The hydration of the discs, as received, also fell
      with increase in age; in each complete lumbar spine tested, the L1-L2 and the L5
      S1 discs had the lowest hydration at postmortem examination. As the stress
      applied to the discs was increased, hydration decreased. Although a stress of
      0.10-0.23 MPa maintained the disc slices at their postmortem hydration, under a
      stress of about 0.6-0.8 MPa, most discs lost 40-60% of their initial fluid. The
      relationship between change in hydration and swelling pressure was found to
      depend on the composition of the disc rather than on age or degree of
      degeneration; the relationship between equilibrium hydration and swelling
      pressure could be predicted satisfactorily for a disc of known collagen and
      proteoglycan content.

PMID- 3406839
TI  - Biomechanics of forward-reaching movements while sitting on fixed forward- or
      backward-inclining or tiltable seats.
AB  - Possible differences in spinal stress were evaluated during forward-reaching
      movements from chairs with, respectively, fixed backward-inclining, forward
      inclining, and tiltable seat. Twenty-four healthy subjects, 12 female and 12
      male, performed rhythmical sagittal movements with pins over a 40-cm distance.
      The posture in an upright and in a forward position was described by means of
      seven variables, measured by an inclinometer. Posture changes between these
      positions were then compared for the three types of chairs. No significant
      influence from the chairs on posture changes was observed. Thus, no variation in
      spinal stress can be anticipated during forward-reaching movements in any of the
      three types of chair. The discussion also presents a current status regarding
      tiltable and fixed forward-inclining seats.

PMID- 3406840
TI  - Commonly adopted postures and their effect on the lumbar spine.
AB  - The activity of the erector spinae muscles and the changes in lumbar curvature
      were measured in 11 subjects in a range of commonly adopted postures to see if
      there were any consistent trends. Surface electrodes were used to measure back
      muscle activity and lumbar curvature was measured using electronic inclinometers.
      The results showed that many commonly adopted postures reduced the lumbar
      lordosis when compared with erect standing or sitting, even at the expense of
      increasing the back muscle activity.

PMID- 3406841
TI  - Scoliosis in the Prader-Willi syndrome.

PMID- 3406842
TI  - Rib osteoblastoma: a clinical manifestation.

PMID- 3406843
TI  - Laminar removal and replacement in combination with a spondylodesis in children
      with an intraspinal extension of a neuroblastoma: two case reports.

PMID- 3406844
TI  - Stress fracture of the lamina associated with unilateral spondylolysis.

PMID- 3406845
TI  - Pressure changes following constriction of the cauda equina. An experimental
      study in situ.
AB  - During routine autopsies in 11 cadavers, the intact dural sac, including its
      nerve roots, was circumferentially constricted by a clamp while the pressure
      under the clamp among the nerve roots was recorded simultaneously. The first sign
      of a pressure increase--the critical size--occurred at a cross-sectional area of
      the cauda equina of 77 +/- 13 mm2. To achieve a pressure increase of 50 mm Hg,
      the cross-sectional area of the cauda equina had to be further constricted at an
      average of 19 +/- 8%. The corresponding constriction needed to achieve a pressure
      of 100 mm Hg was 26 +/- 8%. The results indicated that constriction of the cauda
      equina to a size less than 75 mm2 probably will affect the normal function of the
      nerve roots of the cauda.

PMID- 3406846
TI  - The clinical significance of straight-leg raising (Lasegue's sign) in the
      diagnosis of prolapsed lumbar disc. Interobserver variation and correlation with
      surgical finding.
AB  - Limitation of straight-leg raising (SLR) (Lasegue's sign) is considered an
      important test in the diagnosis of herniated lumbar disc disease. In a
      prospective study of 55 patients suffering from unilateral sciatica this sign was
      evaluated. Two aspects were investigated: 1) the interobserver variation, and 2)
      the correlation between the result of the test and the surgical finding. There
      was considerable interobserver variation among three observers concerning the
      measured angle at which pain was elicited. However, in 2/3 to 3/4 of the cases
      the variation amounted to 10 degrees or less. There was also some discordance in
      the classification of the type of pain that was elicited. Fifty-two patients
      underwent surgery; 45 had a prolapsed disc. SLR was "positive" in 49 cases, 43 of
      whom harbored a prolapsed disc. Crossed SLR was noted in 20, 19 of whom had a
      prolapsed disc at surgery. Absence of SLR limitation does not preclude the
      presence of a herniated lumbar disc.

PMID- 3406847
TI  - Intraoperative somatosensory potential monitoring. A clinical analysis of 127
      surgical procedures.
AB  - During 127 operations for the correction of spinal deformities the spinal cord
      function was controlled by intraoperative monitoring. Cortical somatosensory
      evoked potentials (CSEP) were obtained by bilateral stimulation of the posterior
      tibial nerves at the ankle and recorded from electrodes at Fz-Cz. In addition,
      unilateral median nerve stimulation at the wrist was carried out to act as a
      control. Six cases with significant intraoperative alterations in wave-form and
      their postoperative neurologic status are described in detail. EP monitoring
      permits continuous monitoring of the patient for the total duration of operation
      and is therefore superior to the wake-up test. This method is particularly
      advisable for operations carried out in hypotensive anaesthesia as well as for
      postoperative control.

PMID- 3406848
TI  - ISIS scanning: a useful assessment technique in the management of scoliosis.
AB  - The value of surface topographical measurements in the assessment of curve
      progression in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is demonstrated in a group of 51
      patients. Cobb angles at the commencement of the study ranged from 10 degrees -55
      degrees (mean 34.5 degrees), and the mean follow-up period was greater than 2
      years. The surface shape method correctly identified curve evolution in 84% of
      the patient group. Of these, the eight patients who underwent spinal
      instrumentation were correctly predicted as candidates for surgery.

PMID- 3406849
TI  - Reduction of radiation dose and imaging costs in scoliosis radiography.
      Application of large-screen image intensifier photofluorography.
AB  - Photofluorography using a large-field image intensifier (Siemens Optilux 57) was
      applied to scoliosis radiography and compared with a full-size rare-earth
      screen/film technique. When scoliosis radiography (PA-projection) was performed
      on 25 adolescent patients, the photofluorographs were found to be of comparable
      diagnostic quality with full-size films. A close correspondence between the
      imaging techniques was found in the Cobb angle measurements as well as in the
      grading of rotation with the pedicle method. The use of photofluorography results
      in a radiation dose reduction of about one-half and considerable savings in
      direct imaging costs and archive space. In our opinion the method is particularly
      well-suited for follow-up and screening evaluation of scoliosis, but in tall
      patients the image field size of 40 x 40 cm restricts its usefulness as initial
      examination.

PMID- 3406850
TI  - The sagittal configuration and mobility of the spine in idiopathic scoliosis.
AB  - The aim of this study is to see how the spinal sagittal configuration and
      mobility in 127 patients with idiopathic scoliosis are influenced by increasing
      scoliotic deformity and to determine when this deformity gets clinically
      significant compared to controls (n = 92). In patients with thoracic curves the
      degrees of thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis were significantly less than
      those of the controls. Neither the kyphosis nor the lordosis were correlated to
      the Cobb angles. Even patients with small curves have straight spines in the
      sagittal plane; there is no tendency for the kyphosis and lordosis to decrease
      when the scoliotic deformity increases. This indicates that it is especially
      individuals with straight spines in the sagittal plane who are prone to develop
      scoliosis. It is also suggested that the limitation in spinal function for curves
      with Cobb angles below 50 degrees may be neglected.

PMID- 3406851
TI  - The long-term results of kyphectomy and spinal stabilization in children with
      myelomeningocele.
AB  - Ten myelomeningocele patients with a severe lumbar kyphosis were treated by
      resection of their kyphus, internal fixation, and spinal fusion. A mean kyphosis
      of 131 degrees was reduced to 44 degrees following the surgery. This was a very
      major procedure, associated with many complications. One patient died during the
      surgery and the remaining nine patients were followed for a mean of 7 years 4
      months to skeletal maturity. The most successful methods of internal fixation
      were either by two Harrington distraction rods combined with compression across
      the osteotomy site (Group 3) or by a posteriorly applied AO plate (Group 2). A
      long posterior fusion extending from the mid-thoracic region to the sacrum was
      necessary to provide long-term stability and prevent the development of a
      thoracic lordosis. At skeletal maturity, all seven patients in Groups 2 and 3 had
      a flat back without pressure sores and all were able to sit upright without using
      their arms for support.

PMID- 3406852
TI  - Halo-vest treatment of unstable traumatic cervical spine injuries.
AB  - Eighty-three patients with unstable cervical spine injuries were treated with
      halo-vest stabilization in a prospective consecutive series during a 10 year
      period. At the follow-up 2-7 years after the trauma, six patients had died and
      eight patients had been surgically stabilized. Sixty-seven of the remaining 69
      patients (97%) were subjected to the follow-up performed with validated
      protocols. All patients but three were reexamined clinically and
      radiographically. Flexion-extension motion and sidebending of the neck was
      measured radiographically. Rotation was measured with the aid of a compass placed
      on top of the head of the patient. Forty-four patients (53%) had initial
      neurological deficit, 26 with tetraparesis. The age range was 13-89 years and the
      male/female ratio was 2/1. The halo-vest treatment period was 10-12 weeks. The 1
      year healing rate was 90%. Seven nonunions occurred, all in fracture types known
      to be prone to nonunion. Complications during the treatment were usually minor,
      with pin problems being the most frequent (pin loosening 60%). At the follow-up,
      approximately 80% of all patients had complaints of local neck symptoms. Pain at
      the extremes of neck motion and stiffness was the most frequent. The symptoms
      were mild and did not usually have any major impact on return to work or leisure
      activities. Seventy-five percent of patients with incomplete cord lesions and
      useless muscle function improved to useful function. The patients had a
      statistically significant decrease of rotation (18%) and sidebending (18%) of the
      neck but normal flexion-extension motion when compared to the normal.

PMID- 3406854
TI  - The significance of oblique cuts on CT scans of the spinal canal in terms of
      anatomic measurements.

PMID- 3406853
TI  - A methodical study of force measurements in three patients with odontoid
      fractures treated with a strain gauge-equipped halo-vest.

PMID- 3406855
TI  - Extraspinal pathology and incidental disc herniation in patients with sciatica.

PMID- 3406856
TI  - [The effect of age factors on the appearance of the arterial network in the
      distal colon].

PMID- 3406857
TI  - [Levels of alkaline phosphatase in granulocytes and its use in evaluating
      reproductive processes in experimental studies].

PMID- 3406858
TI  - [Tuberous sclerosis--diagnosis and differential diagnosis].

PMID- 3406859
TI  - [Results of the use of biofeedback technics in the treatment of patients with
      spastic torticollis].

PMID- 3406860
TI  - [Association of adenomyosis with other gynecologic diseases].

PMID- 3406861
TI  - [Cervical pregnancy in ambulatory care].

PMID- 3406862
TI  - [Obstructive icterus caused by a stone in the cystic bile duct. Mirizzi's
      syndrome].

PMID- 3406863
TI  - [Reversible ischemic neurologic deficit in a patient with a giant aneurysm of the
      basilar artery].

PMID- 3406864
TI  - [Present possibilities in the diagnosis of fetal defects].

PMID- 3406865
TI  - [Pulmonary involvement in mixed connective tissue disease].

PMID- 3406866
TI  - [Histological evaluation of the effect of helium-neon laser irradiation on the
      synovial membrane in RA].

PMID- 3406867
TI  - [Anticardiolipin antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus and their association
      with thrombocytopenia].

PMID- 3406868
TI  - [Clinical features of ankylosing spondylitis in women].

PMID- 3406869
TI  - [A kit for the simultaneous estimation of IgG-class antibodies to double-stranded
      and single-stranded DNA for clinical purposes].

PMID- 3406870
TI  - Medicolegal issues in caring for people with HIV infection.

PMID- 3406871
TI  - Epidemiological considerations of the present status and future growth of the
      acquired immunodeficiency syndrome epidemic in South Africa.
AB  - Limited epidemiological data on acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and
      human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection have been assembled by voluntarily
      reported AIDS figures, blood donor serum prevalence and high-risk sentinel
      population and random background population sero-prevalence studies. The HIV
      epidemic in South Africa can thus be shown to consist of four separate epidemics
      of which the heterosexual epidemic will undoubtedly constitute the major growth
      in this country. Intervention must be directed to shrinking the promiscuous core
      which sustains this epidemic by directing attention at female prostitution and
      limiting the reproductive rate of the epidemic by energetic and professionally
      directed education at an early stage of a child's school career. Sexually
      transmitted diseases will play a major role in the determination of the extent of
      the heterosexual epidemic.

PMID- 3406872
TI  - Caffeine in sport. Urinary excretion of caffeine in healthy volunteers after
      intake of common caffeine-containing beverages.
AB  - The presence of a concentration of caffeine greater than or equal to 15
      micrograms/ml in urine of athletes participating in competitive sport is a
      disqualifying factor. A study was conducted to establish how much caffeine needs
      to be ingested--in the form of coffee, tea or Coca-Cola--to approach or exceed
      this limit. Nine healthy volunteers participated in a randomised cross-over study
      and received caffeine in the form of these beverages, ingested within 15 minutes,
      in doses ranging from 1.52 mg/kg to 17.53 mg/kg. The latter dose is equivalent to
      nearly 8 cups of ordinary percolated coffee. The maximum caffeine concentration
      in urine recorded was 14 micrograms/ml, 3 hours after ingestion. A significant
      correlation was found between the caffeine dose and the maximum urinary
      concentration. The mean recovery of caffeine in urine was between 0.74% and 0.91%
      of the administered dose. The nature of the beverage did not appear to influence
      the degree of caffeine excretion. It is concluded that if a concentration of 15
      micrograms caffeine/ml urine is recorded, it can safely be accepted that the
      athlete purposely ingested large amounts of the substance, in whatever form.

PMID- 3406873
TI  - Management of tender abdominal aortic aneurysm.
AB  - Forty-eight patients with tender haemodynamically stable abdominal aortic
      aneurysms were evaluated. The aneurysms in 18 of these patients (37.5%) were
      found, at the time of surgery, not to have leaked. The mortality rate in patients
      with these tender non-leaking aneurysms undergoing emergency surgery was 16.6%.
      This high mortality rate can be improved by using computed tomography pre
      operatively to prevent patients with non-leaking aneurysms from undergoing
      emergency surgery.

PMID- 3406874
TI  - A screening test for detecting iron overload in population studies.
AB  - A simple, robust, inexpensive and reasonably accurate screening test, which
      involves colorimetric assessment of the unsaturated iron-binding capacity, was
      used to detect significant degrees of iron overload in a field setting. It was
      used in a survey of 152 men aged over 40 years who had previously been identified
      as having serum ferritin values above 400 micrograms/l and who were therefore
      potentially homozygous carriers of the HLA-linked iron-loading gene responsible
      for the clinical disorder idiopathic haemochromatosis (IHC). Such individuals
      almost always have a raised transferrin saturation and the screening test was
      compared with a standard method of measurement. The screening test accurately
      identified 7 out of 10 subjects with transferrin saturations above 62%. It also
      accurately identified 137 out of 142 subjects with saturation below 62%. There
      were 5 false-positive results; in all these subjects saturations were at the
      upper limit of normal or marginally raised. The test thus had a sensitivity of
      77%, a specificity of 97%, an accuracy of 95% and a positive predictive accuracy
      of 67%. The test successfully identified a subgroup of subjects with serum
      ferritin values above 400 micrograms/l who appeared to have more severe degrees
      of iron overload. The screening test, which requires only 200 microliter serum
      and costs only 6.2 c, should not only be of potential value in identifying
      subjects at risk of developing the clinical manifestations of IHC but may prove
      even more useful in defining the prevalence of significant iron overload in the
      rural black population of South Africa.

PMID- 3406875
TI  - An assessment of internship at the teaching hospitals of the University of the
      Witwatersrand.
AB  - Medical internship can be a physically exhausting and emotionally traumatic
      experience. This study assesses various aspects of internship, including
      continuing medical education, workload and stress, at the five Johannesburg
      teaching hospitals during 1985 and 1986. Data were analysed from a confidential
      questionnaire. Eighty-two interns completed the questionnaire at the end of 1985
      and 120 at the end of 1986. Problem areas defined were excessive patient load,
      sleep deprivation and severe stress. The commonest symptoms of stress were
      fatigue, irritability and weight loss. In 1985, 53% of interns stated that they
      could not cope, and in 1986 this increased to 65%. Forty-eight per cent of 1985
      and 69% of 1986 interns lost interest in medicine during their intern year. The
      implications of these results are discussed and the importance and impact on the
      medical profession and hospital services analysed.

PMID- 3406876
TI  - Hypogonadotrophic variant of Klinefelter's syndrome. A case report.
AB  - A 16-year-old boy with 47,XXY chromosomal complement (Klinefelter's syndrome)
      presented with delayed puberty and apparent gonadotrophin deficiency. Despite an
      inadequate growth hormone response to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia and to L-dopa
      administration, his somatic growth was appropriate for his delay in pubertal
      development, increasing markedly on testosterone treatment. Patients with
      Klinefelter's syndrome may have abnormalities of neuro-endocrine regulation.

PMID- 3406877
TI  - Significance of assault injury of the hand. A case report.
AB  - A patient who developed septic arthritis of a metacarpophalangeal joint after
      penetration by a tooth in a fist fight is described. The importance of
      recognising such a lesion at the time of injury is stressed.

PMID- 3406878
TI  - [AIDS in South Africa--a comprehensive strategy].

PMID- 3406879
TI  - Contraction of HIV infection during mutual masturbation.

PMID- 3406880
TI  - Tuberculosis deaths in the Durban area.

PMID- 3406881
TI  - Vertebral haemangiomas--prevention of local recurrence.

PMID- 3406882
TI  - Iron poisoning, chelation therapy and anaemia.

PMID- 3406883
TI  - Effect of fentanyl on right to left cardiac shunting in the tetralogy of Fallot.

PMID- 3406884
TI  - The energy balance of infants.

PMID- 3406885
TI  - Treatment of haemochromatosis.

PMID- 3406886
TI  - Plasma lipopolysaccharide increase after aortic aneurysm resection.

PMID- 3406887
TI  - New longevity record in the United States.

PMID- 3406888
TI  - Births by cesarean: cost changes, 1982-83 to 1986.

PMID- 3406889
TI  - The changing picture in retiree economics.

PMID- 3406890
TI  - Trends and regional differences in breast cancer mortality.

PMID- 3406891
TI  - Future financial security.

PMID- 3406892
TI  - To image or not to image.
AB  - An 8-year-old girl was first seen at the age of 4 with nystagmus and hypoplastic
      discs. Subsequent follow-up demonstrated poor visual acuity and optic atrophy. A
      CT scan showed a chiasmal or perichiasmal mass. The presumptive diagnosis of an
      optic chiasmal glioma is being considered. The use of neuroimaging in chiasmal or
      perichiasmal lesions and the natural history and treatment of optic nerve and
      chiasmal gliomas are discussed.

PMID- 3406893
TI  - Avoiding refractive problems in cataract surgery.
AB  - A good visual result after cataract surgery and intraocular lens implantation
      depends on preoperative determination of an "ideal" postoperative refraction.
      This will depend on the refractive error in the other eye and whether the
      cataract is monocular or binocular. Methods are outlined for calculating the
      postoperative refraction and refracting the pseudophakic patient after surgery.

PMID- 3406894
TI  - The little man who wasn't there.

PMID- 3406895
TI  - Making change less scary.

PMID- 3406896
TI  - The nursing shortage and its implications for rural health.

PMID- 3406897
TI  - Mass screening for breast cancer: is it worthwhile?

PMID- 3406898
TI  - Neuroleptic malignant-like syndrome: case report.

PMID- 3406899
TI  - Analyzing increases in the cost of health insurance.

PMID- 3406900
TI  - AIDS reprise--tests and records.

PMID- 3406901
TI  - Rate of increase in pulmonary distensibility in a longitudinal study of smokers.
AB  - To examine the hypothesis that an abnormally rapid increase in pulmonary
      distensibility occurs in cigarette smokers, 39 adult smokers (24 men), mean age
      47 (SD 8) years, who were not disabled were studied on two occasions over a mean
      interval of 3.5 (SD 0.5) years. Exponential analysis of static pressure-volume
      data obtained during deflation of the lungs gave the exponent K, an index of
      distensibility. Total lung capacity (TLC) was measured in a body plethysmograph.
      At entry into the longitudinal study means values for K and static recoil
      pressure in the 39 smokers available for follow up were similar to those obtained
      in the original group of 101 smokers (73 men), mean age 42 (SD 11) years, in the
      cross sectional study. Over the interval of the study, ln K and TLC increased and
      FEV1 decreased at rates greater than those found in a previous longitudinal study
      of 34 non-smokers (24 men), mean age 42 (SD 15) years. In the longitudinal study
      of smokers the observed changes in K and in recoil pressure over the interval of
      study were greater than the values obtained from the regression slopes found in
      the cross sectional study of smokers. On the basis of the regression model used
      previously in the longitudinal study of non-smokers, the age coefficient for ln K
      was greater than that found in the non-smokers (p less than 0.01). The regression
      model also showed that the slope of ln K on age increased in older subjects.
      Because K is related to peripheral airspace size, a rapid rate of increase in K
      identifies smokers in whom airspace size is increasing abnormally rapidly. In
      this study the rate of increase in K and the variation between subjects was
      sufficient to explain the magnitude of the increased pulmonary distensibility
      found in cigarette smokers who present with emphysema.

PMID- 3406902
TI  - Pulmonary vascular structure and function in chronic obstructive pulmonary
      disease.
AB  - Cardiac catheterization data from eight patients with severe chronic obstructive
      lung disease and pulmonary hypertension at rest (greater than 25 mm Hg) were
      compared with those obtained from 14 patients with mild to moderate disease whose
      pulmonary artery pressure was within the normal range at rest (mean 15 (SEM 1) mm
      Hg), but increased with exercise (30 (2) mm Hg). We obtained lung sections from
      necropsy material from the group with severe disease, and from surgical specimens
      in the group with mild to moderate disease, and compared the structure of the
      vasculature in these groups with that obtained from surgical specimens in a non
      smoking control group of seven patients. Oxygen administration either at rest or
      during exercise did not greatly affect the pulmonary arterial pressures. When
      cardiac index was plotted against pulmonary artery pressure at rest and during
      exercise and extrapolated to the axis there was no evidence for a critical
      closing pressure in either group. The vessels in the groups with mild to moderate
      and severe chronic obstructive lung disease showed intimal thickening (each 19%
      (SD 0.5%)) by comparison with the non-smoking group (16% (0.5%]. The group with
      severe disease, in addition, had medial hypertrophy (27% (0.5%) versus 24% (SD
      1%) in the non-smoking group). These data are consistent with the idea that the
      diseased vessels are distorted and rigid. The lack of effect of breathing oxygen
      on the vascular response at rest and during exercise suggests that hypoxic
      vasoconstriction has a minimal role in the pulmonary hypertension of chronic
      obstructive lung disease. The data suggest that the intimal changes could narrow
      the vessel calibre in those patients with mild to moderate disease, and that the
      thickened media present in the vessels from patients with severe disease may act
      in concert with the enlarged intima to produce more severe vascular obstruction.

PMID- 3406903
TI  - Vitamin D and parathyroid hormone and bone mineralisation in adults with cystic
      fibrosis.
AB  - Vitamin D and parathyroid hormone concentrations were assessed in 31 adults with
      cystic fibrosis (mean age 24, range 17-52 years), in 28 of whom the bone mineral
      index in the forearm was also determined. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D was subnormal
      in eight patients, of whom five were receiving vitamin D supplements in standard
      doses. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and parathyroid hormone concentrations showed no
      consistent abnormalities. The bone mineral index was lower in patients with
      cystic fibrosis (p less than 0.02) than in controls. Five patients with
      unequivocally reduced bone mineral index had a subnormal mean serum 25
      hydroxyvitamin D and significantly worse lung function than the other patients.
      There was a positive correlation between age and bone mineral index (r = 0.68, p
      less than 0.001). Thus a significant proportion of patients with cystic fibrosis
      living in a temperate climate are at risk of vitamin D deficiency. Osteopenia is
      common and is probably related to a combination of hypovitaminosis D, delay in
      puberty, hypo-oestrogenism in women, and reduced physical activity, rather than
      to secondary hyperparathyroidism. Since most patients with deficiency of 25
      hydroxyvitamin D were receiving oral supplements, parenteral vitamin D
      supplementation may be appropriate for selected patients who are unable to
      maintain adequate 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations despite oral vitamin D
      supplements.

PMID- 3406904
TI  - DNA ploidy in bronchopulmonary carcinoid tumours.
AB  - Fifty three bronchopulmonary carcinoid tumours were studied to assess the
      significance of DNA ploidy, determined by flow cytometry of paraffin embedded
      tissue. Twenty eight were typical carcinoid tumours and 25 well differentiated
      neuroendocrine carcinomas. Twenty seven were DNA diploid and 26 DNA aneuploid.
      DNA aneuploidy was significantly associated with histological features of
      increased malignant potential. Survival data were available for 43 patients. Of
      the 19 with DNA diploid tumours, 16 survived five years, compared with 14 of 24
      with DNA aneuploid tumours--the difference being at the borderline of statistical
      significance. In a Cox multivariate regression analysis with other histological
      variables, DNA ploidy did not confer independent prognostic information. It is
      concluded that, although DNA aneuploidy as determined by flow cytometry is an
      indicator of increased malignant potential in bronchopulmonary carcinoid tumours,
      it does not provide clinically useful information additional to the results of
      routine histological examination.

PMID- 3406905
TI  - Occupational asthma due to oil mists.
AB  - Twenty five patients who were exposed to oil mists at their place of work were
      investigated for possible work related asthma. Serial peak expiratory flow
      recordings showed 13 to have definite work related asthma, seven equivocal work
      related asthma, and three asthma unrelated to work; two had normal recordings.
      Subjects with work related asthma often produced different patterns of peak flow
      response during the working week; patterns also varied between patients. Six of
      these patients had bronchial tests with oil from their place of work. Three had
      asthma induced by exposure to unused (clean) soluble oil and one reacted to used
      but not to clean oil. The challenge tests in the remaining two gave inconclusive
      results. It is concluded that occupational asthma due to oil mists is common, the
      peak flow response is heterogeneous, and the provoking agent within the oil may
      vary from worker to worker.

PMID- 3406906
TI  - Hypothermic protection (26-25 degrees C) without perfusion cooling for surgery of
      congenital cardiac defects using prolonged occlusion.
AB  - Open heart surgery was performed without perfusion under deep hypothermia in 343
      patients with congenital heart defects aged from 1 year 3 months to 44 years.
      Cooling to a temperature of 26-25 degrees C in the oesophagus was achieved by
      covering the body with crushed ice. The patients were maintained under
      superficial ether narcosis and they were given morphine (0.5 mg/kg) and
      tubocurarine (0.5-1.0 mg/kg). The duration of circulatory arrest was 30 minutes
      in 190 and longer in 153 patients--60-77 minutes in 10 patients. It took an
      average of 7.6 minutes for resumption of normal cardiac activity after
      circulatory arrest prolonged beyond 60 minutes. Of the 343 patients operated on
      32 (9.3%) died. Analysis of the mortality pattern showed that patients with acute
      cardiac insufficiency contributed most to the total number of deaths (19
      patients, 5.5%); those with pulmonary oedema ranked second (4 patients, 1.2%) and
      those with brain oedema third (3 patients, 0.9%). Neurological complications were
      observed in 13 patients (3.8%). Their frequency was significantly related to the
      duration of circulatory arrest. Circulatory inadequacy in patients with poor
      myocardial function who had undergone extensive repair appeared to be a
      contributory factor. The results obtained without perfusion under deep (26-25
      degrees C) hypothermic protection suggest that 75 minutes is a safe time, in
      terms of brain damage, for circulatory arrest. Under these conditions complex
      cardiac defects can be repaired.

PMID- 3406907
TI  - Deoxyhaemoglobin concentrations in the detection of central cyanosis.

PMID- 3406908
TI  - Bronchoscopic findings in hemitruncus.

PMID- 3406909
TI  - Left atrial compression by a mediastinal bronchogenic cyst presenting with
      paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.

PMID- 3406910
TI  - Laser treatment for tracheobronchial tumours: local or general anesthesia?

PMID- 3406911
TI  - Proceedings of the British Thoracic Society. 1987 winter meeting. 8-9 December
      1987, London. Abstracts.

PMID- 3406912
TI  - Predicted values: how should we use them?

PMID- 3406913
TI  - Rebreathing method for the simultaneous measurement of oxygen consumption and
      effective pulmonary blood flow during exercise.
AB  - This paper describes a rebreathing method for the simultaneous measurement of
      oxygen consumption (VO2) and effective pulmonary blood flow (QP. eff) at rest and
      during exercise. Subjects rebreathed a test gas consisting of 35% oxygen, 3.5%
      chlorodifluoromethane (freon-22), and 10% argon in nitrogen for 30 seconds or
      until the respired oxygen tension fell to below 13.3 kPa. Sixty normal subjects
      were studied on a motorized treadmill, the Bruce protocol being used. The
      rebreathing manoeuvre was performed at three minute intervals, and was initially
      practised sitting down. Measurements were then made with the subjects standing at
      rest, and subsequently during the last minute of each stage of the Bruce exercise
      protocol until the subjects were exhausted. Heart rate was recorded from the
      electrocardiogram. Oxygen uptake plotted against calculated power (watts) showed
      a discontinuity between resting and exercise values, probably because power
      output during treadmill exercise is underestimated. The arbitrary addition of 30
      watts to the exercise power output abolished this discontinuity. There was good
      agreement between rebreathing estimates of oxygen consumption and values measured
      during a second exercise test by the conventional open circuit argon dilution
      method. Coefficients of variation of oxygen consumption and effective pulmonary
      blood flow measured by rebreathing were usually less than 10% even during maximal
      exertion. At rest mean (SD) effective pulmonary blood flow corrected for body
      surface area was 2.2 (0.46) l/min/m2. Effective pulmonary blood flow rose
      linearly with oxygen consumption. At rest the arteriovenous oxygen content
      difference for pulmonary blood (VO2/QP eff) was 9.1 (1.6) ml/dl, rising to a
      maximum of 16.4 (1.8) ml/dl. The stroke volume index was 27.5 (6.8) ml/m2, rising
      to a maximum of 46.5 (7.1) ml/m2 during exertion.

PMID- 3406914
TI  - Cardiovascular function at rest and on exercise in patients with cryptogenic
      fibrosing alveolitis.
AB  - Cardiovascular complications are common in fibrosing alveolitis, but there have
      been few physiological studies of the pulmonary circulation in this condition,
      and those that have been carried out have usually depended on right heart
      catheterisation. This paper reports non-invasive measurements of effective
      pulmonary blood flow, oxygen uptake, pulmonary arteriovenous oxygen content
      differences, and estimates of mixed venous oxygen saturation in 20 patients with
      histologically proved cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis at rest and while
      exercising on a motorized treadmill. Results were compared with those of 20 age
      and sex matched normal subjects, at rest and at an arbitrarily chosen oxygen
      uptake of 0.75 l/min. The latter results were obtained by linear interpolation.
      Effective pulmonary blood flow was normal at rest, but oxygen dispatch to the
      tissues (blood flow x blood oxygen content) was significantly reduced at rest
      (mean reduction 190 (SD 68) ml/l/min; p less than 0.01) and at an oxygen uptake
      of 0.75 l/min (mean reduction 128 (50) ml/l/min; p less than 0.02), reflecting
      the presence of systemic arterial hypoxaemia. Pulmonary arteriovenous oxygen
      content differences were similar in patients and normal subjects, but mixed
      venous saturation was lower in the patients at rest (mean % reduction 6.8 (2.6);
      p less than 0.02) and at an oxygen uptake of 0.75 l/min (mean % reduction 9.6
      (2.9); p less than 0.002). It is concluded that the supply of oxygen potentially
      available to the tissues is reduced at rest and during exercise in patients with
      fibrosing alveolitis and hence, by analogy with normal people exercising under
      hypoxic conditions, that pulmonary blood flow is inappropriately low in this
      condition. The low mixed venous oxygen saturation may contribute to the
      development of pulmonary hypertension in some patients. The rebreathing technique
      used in this study may be of use in monitoring treatment; it could be applied
      many times to the same patient, and might be a suitable way of following the
      response to pulmonary vasodilators.

PMID- 3406916
TI  - Role of cooling and drying in hyperventilation induced asthma.
AB  - Respiratory heat loss has been proposed as a mechanism of exercise induced
      asthma. Whether the predominant stimulus is airway drying or cooling remains
      unclear. We have measured changes in FEV1 after isocapnic cold air
      hyperventilation (CAH) (-23.4 degrees (SD 0.43 degrees) C) and dry ambient air
      hyperventilation (AAH) (18.7 degrees (0.52 degrees)C) in seven asthmatic patients
      (mean age 31 (SD 9) years and baseline FEV1 3.2(0.9)1) and in seven normal
      subjects (age 28(6) years and FEV1 3.6(0.7)1). The inspired water content in both
      cases was 0.3 mg/l air. The rate of respiratory heat exchange per breath was
      calculated in watts (W) with microcomputer based equipment. Cold air
      hyperventilation caused a fall in FEV1 almost twice that of ambient air
      hyperventilation at each level of ventilation: CAH v AAH (% fall) 8.0 (5.1) v 3.9
      (4.0) at 15 l/min, 11.6 (7.8) v 7.0 (4.4) at 30 l/min, and 20.7 (10.9) v 12.4
      (6.3) at 60 l/min. Identical latent heat loss (evaporative drying) was imposed on
      the airway during the two challenges. Sensible heat loss (convective cooling) in
      cold air hyperventilation was 41 W at 15 l/min, 63 W at 30 l/min, and 114 W at 60
      l/min; whereas in ambient air hyperventilation the loss was 6, 13, and 23 W
      respectively. It is concluded that the rate of cooling of the upper airway is the
      predominant stimulus in hyperventilation induced asthma.

PMID- 3406915
TI  - Predictive value of bronchoalveolar lavage cell analysis in sarcoidosis.
AB  - Patients with histopathologically proved sarcoidosis were studied serially by
      means of bronchoalveolar lavage, initially at the time of diagnosis and then six
      and 12 months later. Two years later they were evaluated by chest radiography and
      lung function tests and classified in terms of recovery or progression over the
      previous two years. The recovery of lymphocytes and granulocytes in lavage fluid
      was of limited prognostic value for persistent lung disease. In contrast,
      patients with increased numbers of mast cells recovered by lavage were more
      likely to deteriorate. Significantly increased mast cell counts (greater than or
      equal to 0.5% of total cells recovered) were seen in at least one lavage
      investigation in 15 of the 16 patients with more active and progressive disease,
      but in only eight of 23 patients with inactive disease (p less than 0.001). A
      persistent increase of mast cells on serial measurement occurred in nine of the
      16 patients with active disease and in four of the 23 patients in whom the
      disease was inactive (p less than 0.02). The finding in the two subsequent
      lavages of lymphocytosis (lymphocytes greater than 30% of recovered cells) or
      neutrophilia (neutrophils greater than 15%) combined with mastocytosis (mast
      cells greater than or equal to 0.5%) occurred in nine of the 16 patients with
      active disease but in no patients with inactive disease.

PMID- 3406917
TI  - Circulating adrenaline and noradrenaline concentrations during exercise in
      patients with exercise induced asthma and normal subjects.
AB  - A failure of the usual increase in plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline
      concentrations during submaximal exercise has been suggested as a contributory
      cause of exercise induced asthma. Six normal subjects and six asthmatic patients
      underwent a standard graded maximal exercise test. Measurements of oxygen
      consumption, minute ventilation, exercise time, blood lactate concentration, and
      heart rate indicated that the two groups achieved similarly high work loads
      during exercise. Mean FEV1 fell by 20% in asthmatic patients after exercise.
      Basal plasma adrenaline concentrations (nmol/l) increased in normal subjects from
      0.05 to 2.7 and in asthmatic patients from 0.12 to 1.6 at peak exercise.
      Noradrenaline concentrations (nmol/l) increased in normal subjects from 2.0 to
      14.3 and in asthmatic patients from 1.9 to 13.7 at peak exercise. The increases
      in adrenaline and noradrenaline in the asthmatic patients did not differ
      significantly from the increases in normal subjects. Thus a reduced
      sympathoadrenal response to exercise seems unlikely to be an important mechanism
      in the pathogenesis of exercise induced asthma.

PMID- 3406918
TI  - Prediction of oxygenation during sleep in patients with chronic obstructive lung
      disease.
AB  - The accuracy of a prediction equation for assessing the lowest arterial oxygen
      saturation (SaO2) during sleep was determined in 24 consecutive patients with
      chronic obstructive lung disease referred for assessment for home oxygen therapy.
      Subjects had a mean (SD) FEV1 of 0.81 (0.31) litre and an FEV1/FVC of 37% (12%).
      There was reasonable agreement between predicted and measured values (mean
      difference [predicted-measured] = -2.5%) but the prediction was not precise as
      the 95% confidence interval for the difference was +8% to -13%. The duration of
      arterial oxygen desaturation, defined as the percentage of total sleep time spent
      below a given SaO2, was not predicted accurately. It is concluded that nocturnal
      arterial oxygen desaturation in individual patients with chronic obstructive lung
      disease cannot be predicted from "awake" measurements with sufficient accuracy to
      be clinically useful.

PMID- 3406919
TI  - Deposition of carbenicillin aerosols in cystic fibrosis: effects of nebuliser
      system and breathing pattern.
AB  - Antibiotic aerosol treatment is successful in treating Pseudomonas infection in
      some patients with cystic fibrosis, but the amount of drug reaching the lungs is
      unknown. The deposition patterns of carbenicillin aerosols delivered from two
      commercially available nebuliser systems (the Turret nebuliser plus Maxi
      compressor and the Inspiron nebuliser plus Traveller compressor) have been
      compared in six patients with cystic fibrosis during tidal breathing. The aerosol
      mass median diameters were 3.2 and 7.3 microns. In addition, the aerosol from the
      Turret-Maxi nebuliser system was inhaled by a combination of tidal and deep
      breathing. After two minutes' breathing via a mouthpiece the mean (SEM)
      deposition in the lungs was 15.60 (1.5) mg carbenicillin with the Turret
      nebuliser plus Maxi compressor, but only 6.54 (1.09) mg with the Inspiron
      nebuliser plus Traveller compressor; the distribution pattern within the lung was
      significantly more peripheral with the former nebuliser system. These differences
      may be ascribed partly to the smaller droplet size from the Turret system and
      partly to the higher nebulisation rate from the more powerful Maxi compressor.
      Tidal plus deep breathing produced a further small but non-significant increase
      in lung aerosol deposition. A seventh patient, who failed to complete the trial,
      had little aerosol deposited in his lungs because he inhaled through his nose.
      These results emphasise the importance of correct selection of nebuliser
      equipment for antibiotic aerosol treatment.

PMID- 3406920
TI  - Postpneumonectomy pulmonary oedema.
AB  - The occurrence of pulmonary oedema was studied retrospectively in 243 patients
      who underwent pneumonectomy in one hospital from 1975 to 1984. Pulmonary oedema
      developed in eight of 113 patients who had a right sided pneumonectomy and in
      three of 130 patients undergoing a left sided procedure. It occurred more
      commonly in patients requiring a second thoracotomy because of blood loss (in
      three out of seven patients). There were no significant differences
      preoperatively in pulmonary function, lung perfusion scans, or cardiovascular
      condition between patients who subsequently developed pulmonary oedema and those
      who did not. Postoperative fluid balance was significantly more positive in
      patients developing pulmonary oedema than in those not developing oedema. Thus
      pulmonary oedema was associated with right sided pneumonectomy, repeat
      thoracotomy, and more positive fluid balance.

PMID- 3406921
TI  - Thoracoscopy: assessment of a physician service and comparison of a flexible
      bronchoscope used as a thoracoscope with a rigid thoracoscope.
AB  - The practicality of physicians performing thoracoscopy for diagnostic purposes
      was assessed in 30 patients with pleural effusions of unknown cause. A rigid
      thoracoscope was compared with a fibreoptic bronchoscope used as a flexible
      thoracoscope and the diagnostic adequacy of biopsy specimens obtained with the
      two instruments assessed. The two instruments were inserted by a physician in the
      bronchoscopy suite using local anaesthesia. The procedure proved safe,
      acceptable, and diagnostically effective. The rigid thoracoscope proved a more
      satisfactory instrument but the fibreoptic bronchoscope, with minor adaptations,
      may be used for thoracoscopy.

PMID- 3406922
TI  - Use of an omental pedicle graft to repair a large oesophageal defect.

PMID- 3406923
TI  - Relation between FEV1 and peak expiratory flow in patients with chronic airflow
      obstruction.

PMID- 3406924
TI  - Angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia arising from the intercostal space.

PMID- 3406925
TI  - Mediastinal yolk sac tumour mimicking pericardial effusion.

PMID- 3406926
TI  - Sarcoidosis in nurses: is there an association?
AB  - A retrospective survey of patients with sarcoidosis has revealed a 7.5 times
      greater number of nurses with the condition than expected. Nurses may be
      especially susceptible to sarcoidosis.

PMID- 3406927
TI  - [Pharmacokinetic bases of bioavailability studies].

PMID- 3406928
TI  - [Comparison of the bioavailability of fluoride after the administration of sodium
      fluoride alone or combined with calcium].

PMID- 3406929
TI  - [A method of determining cyclosporin A and its main metabolite by high
      performance liquid chromatography. Comparison with the radioimmunologic method].

PMID- 3406930
TI  - [A data bank for drug hepatotoxicity available on MINITEL].

PMID- 3406931
TI  - [Dysphonia in multiple myeloma. Role of vincristine].

PMID- 3406932
TI  - [Cerebral hemodynamics and clinical pharmacology in Parkinson disease].

PMID- 3406933
TI  - Recombination within the class III region by a double cross over event.
AB  - Analysis of class I, class II, and class III gene products of the human MHC in a
      Caucasoid family with four children gave evidence for a double crossing over
      event in monozygotic twins between the C2, Bf/C4A, C4B gene loci. In view of the
      small genetic distance between C2 and C4, a point mutation within the Bf locus
      must be considered alternatively.

PMID- 3406934
TI  - HLA-DQw3.1 and DQw3.2 associated exon polymorphisms detected by oligonucleotide
      probes.
AB  - HLA class II polymorphisms have been analyzed on the genomic level by two
      oligonucleotide probes corresponding to the DNA sequence coding for the amino
      acids 23-30 in the first domain of the beta chain of DQw3.1 and DQw3.2. Specific
      hybridization to single endonuclease fragments of DNA from some HLA homozygous
      cells was detected. Here we report the distribution of these DNA exon sequences
      among different DQ alleles, and demonstrate that the probes may be used to type
      for DQw3.1 and DQw3.2 respectively.

PMID- 3406935
TI  - HLA-linked susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis in north India.
AB  - Nine multiplex RA families of North Indian origin were tissue typed to determine
      the segregation of parental haplotypes among sibs. The assortment of haplotypes
      in 18 affected sibs was not random, with seven sib pairs being HLA identical and
      two haploidentical with the proband (P = 0.0007). HLA-DR4 occurred in eight out
      of nine probands (88.8%) and in 11 out of 13 familial RA subjects (84.6%).

PMID- 3406936
TI  - Immunoelectron microscopic localization of actin in migrating cells during
      planarian wound healing.
AB  - Wound repair in planarians is mainly characterized by two cell-migratory events
      involving the epidermis adjacent to the wound and its basement membrane. The
      first event is the migration of epidermal cells to cover the wound surface; the
      second one is the migration of newly differentiating replacement epidermal cells
      from the parenchyma to the epidermis. In addition to these events, migration of
      fixed parenchymal cells is observed during wound healing. All migrating cells
      were characterized by the presence of actin, as shown by the results obtained by
      means of indirect immunolocalization with fluorescent and electron microscopy.
      Migrating cells were heavily labeled with gold particles, which clustered at the
      level of cell-matrix and cell-cell contacts.

PMID- 3406937
TI  - The role of endogenous heparan sulfate proteoglycan in adhesion and neurite
      outgrowth from dorsal root ganglia.
AB  - Some phases of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) substratum attachment and growth cone
      morphology are mediated through endogenous cell surface heparan sulfate
      proteoglycan. The adhesive behavior of intact embryonic chicken DRG (spinal
      sensory ganglia) is examined on substrata coated with fibronectin, fibronectin
      treated with antibody to the cell-binding site (anti-CBS), and the heparan
      sulfate-binding protein platelet factor four. DRG attach to fibronectin, anti-CBS
      treated fibronectin, and platelet factor four. The ganglia extend an extensive
      halo of unfasciculated neurites on fibronectin and produce fasciculated neurite
      outgrowth on platelet factor four and anti-CBS antibody-treated FN. Treatment
      with heparinase, but not chondroitinase, abolishes adhesion to fibronectin and
      platelet factor four. Growth cones of DRG on fibronectin have well-spread
      lamellae and microspikes. On platelet factor four, and anti-CBS-treated FN,
      growth cones exhibit microspikes only. Isolated Schwann cells adhere equally well
      to fibronectin and platelet factor four, spreading more rapidly on fibronectin.
      Isolated DRG neurons adhere equally well on both substrata, but only 10% of the
      neurons extend long neurites on platelet factor four. The majority of the
      isolated neurons on platelet factor four exhibit persistent microspike production
      resembling that of the early stages of normal neurite extension. Endogenous
      heparan sulfate proteoglycan supports the adhesion of whole DRG, isolated DRG
      neurons, and Schwann cells, as well as extensive microspike activity by DRG
      neurons, one important part of growth cone activity.

PMID- 3406938
TI  - Retinal capillary endothelial cells prefer different substrates for growth and
      migration.
AB  - Recent studies have shown that the extracellular matrix modifies the behaviour of
      endothelial cells. We have studied the effects of extracellular matrix components
      on retinal capillary endothelial cell migration and proliferation. Bovine retinal
      capillary endothelial cells were selectively cultured from collagenase-digested
      microvessel fragments. In a filter system for the assessment of migration,
      endothelial cells responded to substrate-bound fibronectin but not to soluble
      fibronectin. Cell migration on collagen- or gelatin-coated filters was minimal,
      and these cells failed to adopt a spread morphology, remaining instead as round
      cells. Cell replication was quantified using a protein dye binding assay for
      adherent cells in 96 well plates. Serum was essential for growth irrespective of
      the substrate. Cells harvested from microvessel cultures proliferated more
      rapidly on collagen- and gelatin-coated plastic than on fibronectin and were
      unaffected by additions to the medium such as endothelial cell conditioned
      medium, whereas cells proliferating directly from the microvessels grew at a
      faster rate on fibronectin and also responded to conditioned medium supplement.
      When cultured on collagen gels, initial microvessel cells and harvested cells
      required surface fibronectin in order to adopt a cobblestone morphology. These
      results show that fibronectin is a requirement for bovine retinal capillary
      endothelial cell migration, but proliferation of these cells can be supported,
      with slight differences, by both fibronectin and collagen provided serum growth
      factors are present. These findings are relevant to the early phase of
      angiogenesis in which migration and proliferation of endothelial cells occurs.

PMID- 3406939
TI  - Ultrastructure of a transmembrane glycoprotein, glycophorin A.
AB  - The major sialoglycoprotein of the human red cell membrane, glycophorin A, was
      isolated and examined by rotary shadowing and transmission electron microscopy.
      The glycophorin A molecule appeared as a cloud-like structure with a short, dense
      core within a large cloud. Mild acid hydrolysis in 0.05 M H2SO4, 80 degrees C for
      1 hr reduced the size of the cloud significantly but left the dense core intact
      indicating that the original cloud represented the sialylated oligosaccharide
      chains of glycophorin A with the dense core being the polypeptide chain and its
      associated linkage proteins. Incubating glycophorin A with cationized ferritin
      (CF) revealed that the CF was bound only to the cloud, a finding that supports
      the view that the cloud is comprised of the sialylated oligosaccharide chains of
      the glycophorin A molecule. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that
      our preparation of glycophorin A, as well as commercial preparations, consisted
      of monomers, dimers and oligomers of glycophorin A with trace amounts of the
      minor glycophorins and linkage proteins. Knowledge of the ultrastructure of this
      important integral protein will enable one to design studies to determine its
      functional role in the membrane.

PMID- 3406941
TI  - Neurosecretory cells with 'synaptoid perikarya' in Helix. A definitive
      description of secretory release from the somata of endocrine neurones.
AB  - Neurosecretory cells in the mollusc Helix have perikarya that show clear signs of
      adaptation for both the synthesis and the discharge of secretory material. They
      are characterized morphologically by juxtaposition with the neural lamella.
      Passage of hormone into the haemocoel is apparently facilitated in many cases by
      the extreme attenuation of areas of the lamella and perineurium adjacent to the
      perikarya and by other forms of histological differentiation. Presumptive sites
      of release are characterized by prominent aggregations of synaptoid vesicles and
      the discharge of the contents of secretory granules by exocytosis.

PMID- 3406940
TI  - Possibilities and limitations of the smearing technique for cellular studies in
      compact tissues: a transmission electron microscopic analysis of liver smears.
AB  - During the last decade a sophisticated biophysical technique called fluorescence
      recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) has become available for the measurement of
      lateral diffusion constants of lipids and proteins in the cell membrane. The
      information obtainable by this method is of great importance; however, the
      applicability of this method is seriously hindered by the fact that it has been
      elaborated mostly for isolated, individual cells. On the other hand, the use of
      freshly prepared cells from compact tissues for such studies is highly desirable.
      Therefore, a special smearing method was devised (using liver cells) for this
      purpose. The present paper describes (i) the method of standardization of the
      smearing technique, (ii) the ultrastructural features of the liver cells when
      studying the liver smears by means of transmission electron microscopy. The
      possibilities and limitations of this method are discussed. According to the
      observations, under well-defined conditions the structural integrity of
      hepatocytes is maintained in the liver smears to such an extent that they are
      suitable for FRAP experiments.

PMID- 3406942
TI  - Ultrastructural changes in the cardiomyopathy of dystrophic hamsters and mice.
AB  - Changes in the ultrastructure of the cardiac muscle cells have been followed in
      dystrophic mice and hamsters (22-40 weeks of age) and in both species a severe
      cardiomyopathy accompanies the cellular damage of the skeletal muscle. The
      degradative changes of the myofilament apparatus of the heart cells and the
      specific changes in mitochondrial ultrastructure (including swelling, septation
      and apparent division) are characteristic of the cellular damage of both the
      dystrophic skeletal muscle and of normal cardiac muscle in which [Ca]i has been
      experimentally raised, confirming the suggestions that (i) the same gene is
      responsible for the myopathy of skeletal and cardiac muscle in animal dystrophy
      and (ii) that changes in [Ca]i are implicated in the degradative changes of
      muscle cells.

PMID- 3406943
TI  - Ultrastructure of the peritrophic membrane-secreting cells in the cardia of the
      blowfly, Lucilia cuprina.
AB  - Scanning and transmission electron microscopy are used to reveal the internal
      anatomy and ultrastructure of the cardia which is the source of the triple
      layered peritrophic membrane in the blowfly Lucilia cuprina. Within the cardia,
      rings of secretory cells (formation zones) and non-secretory tissue (valvula
      cardiaca) interlock to secrete and mould the layers of membrane. Formation zone
      cells have abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi and secretory vesicles. A
      portion of midgut just posterior to the formation zone is covered by close-packed
      microvilli connected by septate-like junctions. The cuticle-lined valvula
      cardiaca is rich in smooth endoplasmic reticulum, glycogen and microtubules. The
      oesophageal cuticle is unusual in containing tubular structures. The
      ultrastructural features of the separate components of the cardia are discussed
      in terms of their secretory and non-secretory roles; modified midgut cells
      secrete chitin and protein whereas modified foregut tissue (valvula cardiaca)
      appears to be adapted to provide structural integrity (extensive junctions,
      microtubules), movement (muscles, possibly microtubules), a store of energy
      (glycogen deposits) and possibly a lipidic secretion (from smooth endoplasmic
      reticulum) to lubricate the passage of the membranes.

PMID- 3406944
TI  - Ultrastructural differences between the anterior and posterior adductors of the
      strawberry cockle, Fragum unedo.
AB  - Adductors of Fragum unedo were observed ultrastructurally and their muscle cells
      were classified according to the statistically analyzed diameter of their thick
      myofilaments. Two types of smooth muscle cells were observed in the opaque
      portion of the anterior adductor: A-type cells containing thick myofilaments of
      about 46 nm in diameter and B-type cells having 62 nm thick myofilaments. The
      posterior adductor was also composed of two kinds of cells: the B-type cell,
      which had thick myofilaments of about 67 nm in diameter, and the C-type,
      containing thick myofilaments of 90 nm. Two types of oblique-striated cells were
      commonly recognized in the translucent portions of anterior and posterior
      adductors. Our observations thus indicate that the posterior adductor generally
      consists of cells which have thicker myofilaments than the ones of the anterior
      adductor.

PMID- 3406945
TI  - Tetanus and botulinum toxins block the release of acetylcholine from slices of
      rat striatum and from the isolated electric organ of Torpedo at different
      concentrations.
AB  - Tetanus toxin, like botulinum toxin type A, blocks cholinergic synaptic
      transmission at the central and peripheral nervous systems. Nevertheless, the
      diseases induced by the two toxins are different since tetanus toxin induces a
      spastic paralysis and botulinum toxin elicits a flaccid paralysis. Thus, we have
      investigated the sensitivity of a central and a peripheral cholinergic synapse to
      these two toxins. We have studied the action of both poison on the release of
      acetylcholine from slices of the rat striatum and from the isolated electric
      organ of Torpedo, which is homologous to the neuromuscular junction.
      Acetylcholine release from the rat striatum was continuously monitored by a
      chemiluminescent method. The secretion of acetylcholine from the electric organ
      was estimated both by measuring the amplitude of the evoked electrical discharge
      from stacks of electroplaques, and by continuously monitoring the
      neurotransmitter release from isolated nerve terminals. Tetanus toxin blocks the
      electrical discharge of electric organ prisms, and also impairs the release of
      acetylcholine from the Torpedo electric organ nerve endings. Our results on
      acetylcholine release show that tetanus toxin is more potent than botulinum toxin
      type A at the central cholinergic synapse (tetanus/botulinum toxins potency ratio
      about 100-200) whereas botulinum toxin is the most potent at the peripheral
      cholinergic synapse (botulinum/tetanus toxins potency ratio about 100).

PMID- 3406946
TI  - Mojave toxin: rapid purification, heterogeneity and resistance to denaturation by
      urea.
AB  - This report establishes that purified Mojave toxin prepared from the snake venom
      of Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus contains multiple heterogeneous dimers
      (isoforms) differing slightly in isoelectric points. This conclusion is based
      upon chromatographic, immunological, sodium dodecyl sulfate--polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoretic and polyacrylamide isoelectric focusing experiments. The Mojave
      toxin-related proteins were rapidly purified from venom via a single
      chromatography step. Generation of Mojave toxin-related proteins from isolated
      subunits and immunoblots of these proteins subsequent to electrophoretic
      separation demonstrate that each of the proteins consists of acidic and
      phospholipase basic subunits. The analysis of venom in narrow range
      polyacrylamide isoelectric focusing gels at varying concentrations of urea, in
      conjunction with immunoblots utilizing antibodies specific to the basic subunit,
      demonstrates that the isoforms of Mojave toxin are native and not artifacts from
      isolation procedures. Analyses of venoms from Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus
      individuals indicate that each snake produces multiple isoforms of the
      neurotoxin. Additionally, the same predominant isoform of Mojave toxin is present
      in both individual and commercial venoms. The heterogeneity of the Mojave toxin
      related proteins is largely due to differences in the acidic subunits and some of
      the forms may reflect post-translational processing of the protein. The Mojave
      toxin-related proteins demonstrate a resistance to urea denaturation by
      characteristically entering and focusing in polyacrylamide isoelectric focusing
      gels containing 0-6 M urea, but dissociating to constituent subunits in 8 M urea.
      Experimental evidence suggest that salt bridges may be important in stabilization
      of the Mojave toxin complex.

PMID- 3406947
TI  - A new method for the detection of phospholipase A2 variants: identification of
      isozymes in the venoms of newborn and adult Bothrops asper (terciopelo) snakes.
AB  - A new method for the identification of phospholipase A2 isozymes in snake venoms
      is described. The technique is based on the separation of the venom components by
      isoelectric focusing in agarose gels, transfer of the protein bands by diffusion
      onto nitrocellulose paper and detection of the phospholipolytic activity of the
      enzymes by a hemolytic assay either in agarose gels or by benzidine reaction on a
      solid matrix. Striking differences in the electrophoretic patterns of the
      phospholipase A2 isozymes between the Atlantic and Pacific venoms and between the
      newborn and adult venoms from Bothrops asper specimens were observed. The method
      allowed the detection of 9 different phospholipase A2 isozymes in the venom of
      adult Atlantic, 7 isozymes in the venom of adult Pacific, and 2-3 isozymes in the
      venoms of newborn specimens. Horse polyvalent antivenom varied in its capacity to
      neutralize the phospholipolytic activity of the different isozymes in the same
      venom and among different venoms.

PMID- 3406948
TI  - Kinetics of envenomation with Russell's viper (Vipera russelli) venom and of
      antivenom use in mice.
AB  - The kinetics of I125-labelled venom and antivenom of Russell's viper (Vipera
      russelli) were determined following i.v. administration in mice. The kinetic
      profiles follow a two-compartment open model with mean distribution half-lives of
      15.93 and 15.36 min, and mean elimination half-lives of 8.88 and 5.37 hr for
      venom and antivenom, respectively. Antivenom follows closely that of venom in its
      mode of distribution while its elimination is almost twice as fast as that of
      venom. The steady-state distribution ratio between blood and tissue indicates a
      greater affinity of the venom to the tissues as compared to antivenom. The
      primary route of elimination of venom and antivenom or their degraded products
      was via the urine. Small amounts of trichloroacetic acid-precipitable
      radioactivity and radioimmunoassayable venom and antivenom recovered in the urine
      suggest that very little intact venom or antivenom was excreted in the urine.
      Kinetic studies using unlabelled venom produced values comparable to those
      obtained with the labelled venom. The results emphasize the importance of
      maintaining optimal serum antivenom levels, by timely and repeated administration
      instead of a single bolus dose, in the management of snake envenoming.

PMID- 3406950
TI  - Body distribution of Bothrops asper (terciopelo) snake venom myotoxin and its
      relationship to pathological changes.
AB  - The distribution of 125I-labelled Bothrops asper myotoxin following i.m. and i.v.
      injections was studied in mice. After i.m. administration the toxin was
      concentrated in the injected gastrocnemius muscle, with relatively little binding
      to other tissues. Upon i.v. injection the highest radioactivity was detected in
      liver, kidneys, lungs, spleen and blood. A conspicuous decrease in myotoxin
      concentration occurred during the first hour, whereas the rate of decrease was
      reduced at later time periods. Only the injected skeletal muscle was clearly
      damaged after i.m. inoculation, as judged by histology and by the decrease in
      tissue creatine kinase contents. Contralateral, noninjected gastrocnemius was not
      affected by the toxin. Histological observations carried out after i.v.
      administration of the toxin revealed moderate alterations only in lungs, with a
      slight increase in serum levels of the enzymes creatine kinase and alanine
      aminotransferase.

PMID- 3406949
TI  - Histopathological studies of experimental marine toxin poisoning. II. The acute
      effects of maitotoxin on the stomach, heart and lymphoid tissues in mice and
      rats.
AB  - Maitotoxin, one of the causative agents of ciguatera isolated from marine
      dinoflagellate, Gambierdiscus toxicus, induced severe pathomorphological changes
      in the stomach, heart and lymphoid tissues in mice and rats. Multiple erosions
      were observed in gastric mucosa accompanied by a marked increase in total calcium
      content 24 hr after i.p. injection of 200 or 400 ng/kg of maitotoxin. In
      contrast, there was no close temporal association between the accumulation of
      calcium and the morphological appearance of dead cells in the heart and thymus.
      Within 30 min of administration of 200 or 400 ng/kg of maitotoxin, a marked
      swelling was seen in the endothelial lining cells of blood capillaries between
      cardiac muscle fibers, followed by the cell death of the fibers. Injection of
      maitotoxin at a dose of 200 ng/kg or higher also resulted in necrosis of
      lymphocytes in the cortex of the thymus at 4 hr and in the medulla at 8 hr.

PMID- 3406951
TI  - An alternative in vitro method for testing the potency of the polyvalent
      antivenom produced in Costa Rica.
AB  - The ability of several batches of polyvalent antivenom to neutralize indirect
      hemolytic activity of Bothrops asper venom was studied using a sensitive plate
      test. All samples of antivenom tested effectively neutralized this activity. A
      highly significant correlation was observed between neutralization of indirect
      hemolysis and neutralization of lethal activity. This simple and sensitive in
      vitro test could be used to monitor antibody levels in horses immunized to
      produce polyvalent antivenom.

PMID- 3406952
TI  - Some effects and properties of Duvernoy's gland secretion from Hypsiglena
      torquata texana (Texas night snake).
AB  - The Texas night snake (Hypsiglena torquata texana), a small opisthoglyphic
      colubrid snake, produces a Duvernoy's secretion which has a relatively low lethal
      toxicity for mice, but produces pain, hemorrhage, and oedema at the site of
      injection. The subcutaneous LD50 of Hypsiglena torquata texana Duvernoy's
      secretion in Swiss-Webster mice was 26 mg/kg. Local hemorrhaging occurred at
      doses as low as 2.0 micrograms/mouse, while marked hemorrhage and oedema resulted
      at doses greater than 200 micrograms/mouse. The dry secretion contained 77%
      protein, and SDS-PAGE electrophoresis revealed the presence of seven major
      proteinaceous components.

PMID- 3406953
TI  - Purification of an antihemorrhagic factor from the serum of the non-venomous
      snake Dinodon semicarinatus.
AB  - An antihemorrhagic factor was purified from the serum of Dinodon semicarinatus, a
      non-venomous snake (Akamata), by a series of high performance liquid
      chromatographies with a TSK gel DEAE-5PW column. The purified antihemorrhagic
      factor showed a single band on polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis and
      inhibited the hemorrhagic activity of HR1 and HR2, the hemorrhagic factors of
      Trimeresurus flavoviridis Okinawa. The antihemorrhagic factor was stable from 0
      degrees to 60 degrees and at pH values 2.0-11.0. The molecular weight of the
      factor was estimated to be 59,000 and 52,000 by a gel filtration and SDS-disc
      electrophoresis, respectively, suggesting that it consists of a single subunit,
      as we also found for the antihemorrhagic factors of the mongoose Herpestes
      edwardsii.

PMID- 3406954
TI  - Evaluation of the teratogenic potential of phosphamidon in mice by gavage.
AB  - Phosphamidon, an organophosphate pesticide, is an established cholinesterase
      inhibitor. Alteration of tissue and plasma cholinesterase activity at a critical
      developmental period may influence cellular division and growth sufficiently to
      produce anatomically or functionally abnormal tissue or organ. The present study
      was, therefore, undertaken to evaluate the teratogenic potential of phosphamidon
      in pregnant Swiss albino mice, when administered at different gestational days
      during the period of organogenesis. The animals were sacrificed on day 18 of
      gestation for routine teratological examinations. It was observed that
      phosphamidon was more embryotoxic than teratogenic. Maximum effects were observed
      when administered on day 7 and day 13. Treatment on day 10 produced little
      effects. Repeated exposure during the organogenetic phase also produced
      significant adverse effects. This possibly indicates that phosphamidon is more
      embryotoxic during the post-implantation period (day 7) and during late
      organogenesis (day 13) as compared to the early organogenesis period (day 10).

PMID- 3406955
TI  - Effect of caffeine on the hepatic microsomal mixed function oxidase system during
      phenobarbital and benzo[a]pyrene treatment in rats.
AB  - Simultaneous administration of caffeine (100 mg/kg, i.p., 3 days) and
      phenobarbital (80 mg/kg, i.p., 3 days) to adult male rats resulted in a
      significant decrease in hepatic cytochrome P-450 and acetanilide hydroxylase
      activity, compared to phenobarbital administration alone. While simultaneous
      administration of caffeine and benzo[a]pyrene (20 mg/kg, i.p., 2 days) increased
      acetanilide hydroxylase, compared to benzo[a]pyrene administration, no change was
      seen in the cytochrome P-450 concentration. In vitro addition of 2.5 mM caffeine
      to microsomal incubations from untreated, phenobarbital- and benzo[a]pyrene
      treated rats inhibited aminopyrine N-demethylase activity. No significant
      difference was seen in the extent of aminopyrine N-demethylase inhibition due to
      the in vitro addition of caffeine to microsomes from untreated or phenobarbital
      treated rats, whereas inhibition in microsomes from benzo[a]pyrene-treated rats
      was greater.

PMID- 3406956
TI  - Effects of low-level lead exposure on 24 h activity patterns in the mouse.
AB  - Spontaneous activity of male mice chronically exposed to lead acetate or sodium
      acetate was tested for periods of 24 h in their home cages and normal housing
      groups. Animals receiving 0.25% lead acetate showed significantly higher levels
      of spontaneous activity than did distilled water controls during the early part
      of the dark phase in two experiments, and significantly lower activity levels
      during the latter part. Mice receiving 0.025% lead acetate were also
      significantly more active than controls early in the dark phase, and either
      significantly higher or no different from controls latterly. Animals receiving
      0.025% sodium acetate were significantly less active than controls early in the
      dark phase, but later were equally active. Weight loss in lead-treated animals
      was variable and not correlated with changes in activity levels.

PMID- 3406957
TI  - Superoxide dismutase activity in lung from copper- and manganese-deficient mice
      exposed to ozone.
AB  - Nutritional manganese (Mn) or copper (Cu) deficiency was investigated in Swiss
      Webster mice exposed to ozone (O3). Mice rendered Mn-deficient were first reared
      from Mn-deficient dams and then fed a Mn-deficient (1 microgram/g) diet. Mice
      rendered Cu-deficient were fed a diet containing 0.2 microgram Cu/g diet. Control
      mice were fed a diet containing Mn at 45 micrograms/g and Cu at 8 micrograms/g.
      During the last week of the experiment (week 7, post-weanling), mice in each
      group were exposed continuously to 1.2 ppm O3 or filtered air for 7 days.
      Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in lung was then estimated. In mice breathing
      filtered air, neither lung Cu,Zn- nor Mn-SOD activity (U/g) was affected by diet.
      In O3-exposed mice, however, Mn-SOD activity was lower in the Mn-deficient group
      and Cu, Zn-SOD activity was lower in the Cu-deficient group. Moreover, total lung
      Cu,Zn-SOD activity was elevated in the Mn-deficient mice, whereas total Mn-SOD
      activity was elevated in the Cu-deficient mice in response to O3. These data
      indicate that under normal circumstances lung Cu,Zn-SOD and Mn-SOD are not
      affected by Cu or Mn deficiency. However, when an oxidant stress is superimposed
      on the Cu- or Mn-deficient condition, Cu,Zn- and Mn-SOD activities are impaired.

PMID- 3406958
TI  - Damage and repair of mouse lung DNA induced by 1-nitropyrene.
AB  - The induction of DNA single-strand breaks (SSB), the repair of SSB, and the role
      of cell turnover in the removal of SSB were determined in mouse lung following
      intratracheal instillation of 1-nitropyrene (1-NP). Cellular DNA was prelabeled
      with [3H]thymidine in neonate and adult mice. 1-NP was administered to labeled
      neonate mice after they became adults and to the adult mice that were labeled
      when adults. 1-NP induced a dose-related increase in SSB (10-22 times control
      rate) as early as 2 h after 1-NP administration. The mice labeled as neonates
      were more sensitive to SSB induction by 1-NP and had a faster repair rate than
      mice labeled when adults. By one week after 1-NP administration, the levels of
      SSB in both groups of mice were similar to controls. The half-lives for DNA
      turnover in mice prelabeled as neonates and in mice prelabeled when adults were
      approximately 22 and approximately 9 days, respectively, at the time of 1-NP
      treatments. These data indicate that both highly proliferative cell populations
      and populations with lower rates of proliferation are amenable to 1-NP-induced
      DNA lesions. The rate of cell DNA turnover suggests that active DNA repair
      processes are involved in the removal of DNA lesions. The slower rate of DNA
      repair coupled with a relatively high rate of cell division in the rapid
      proliferative cells suggest that these cells may be involved in the induction of
      cancer in animals after 1-NP administration.

PMID- 3406959
TI  - Biochemical effects of combined gases of nitrogen dioxide and ozone. II. Species
      differences in lipid peroxides and antioxidative protective enzymes in the lungs.
AB  - Changes in lipid peroxide (thiobarbituric acid reactant) levels, in the content
      of non-protein sulfhydryls (NPSH) and total proteins, and in the activities of
      antioxidative protective enzymes were examined in the lungs of four animal
      species exposed to a mixture of NO2 and O3 for 2 weeks. Male mice, hamsters, rats
      and guinea pigs were used. Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) reactant levels were
      increased significantly in the lungs of mice and guinea pigs, but not in hamsters
      and rats. NPSH contents were increased markedly in hamsters, mice and rats, but
      not in guinea pigs. The activities of antioxidative protective enzymes also
      changed with the exposure. The most characteristic change was the significant
      increase in glutathione peroxidase (GPx-H2O2) activity in hamsters and rats -
      species which did not exhibit increases in their TBA reactant levels. The
      increase in this enzyme activity in mice was significant, but not very large.
      Furthermore, guinea pigs were genetically deficient in this enzyme, and the
      increase in glycolytic enzymes for regenerating NADPH was also lowest in guinea
      pigs. The glutathione S-transferase (GSH-Tase) activity in mice and guinea pigs
      was decreased by exposure to the combined gases. These results suggest that the
      increases in lipid peroxide levels in mice and guinea pigs may be due to a lesser
      ability to regenerate protective reducing substances, such as NPSH and NADPH,
      than that of hamsters and rats. Induction of protective enzyme activities on
      exposure to the combined gases was also poor in mice and guinea pigs.

PMID- 3406960
TI  - Mechanistic studies on chloral toxicity: relationship to trichloroethylene
      carcinogenesis.
AB  - Chloral (trichloroacetaldehyde), the major metabolite of trichloroethylene (TCE),
      was investigated for its potential to form DNA-protein cross-links (DPX), a
      lesion produced by other aldehydes. Chloral did not form DPX in rat liver nuclei
      at concentrations up to 250 mM for 30 min at 37 degrees C, while
      chloroacetaldehyde (47 mM) and acetaldehyde (200 mM) did form cross-links.
      Experiments with the aldehyde-trapping reagents thiosemicarbazide and
      semicarbazide showed that chloral did not react, in contrast with aldehydes that
      form DPX. This indicates a very strong hydration of chloral. Mice given 800 mg/kg
      [14C]chloral after pretreatment with 1500 mg/kg TCE for 10 days had no detectable
      covalent binding of 14C to DNA in the liver. These results do not support a
      genotoxic theory of carcinogenesis for TCE mediated through chloral.

PMID- 3406961
TI  - Developmental toxicity in rats after inhalation exposure of di-2
      ethylhexylphthalate (DEHP).
AB  - Di-2-ethylhexylphthalate (DEHP) was investigated in Wistar rats for developmental
      toxicity after head-nose exposure to aerosol concentrations of 0, 0.01, 0.05 and
      0.3 mg/l for 6 h per day from gestation day 6 through 15. A range finding study
      revealed peroxisome proliferation in the liver of the dams throughout exposure
      levels of 0.2, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/l with an increasing trend. 0.3 mg/l was therefore
      regarded as an exposure level leading to peroxisome proliferation as a marker for
      maternal effects. All concentrations were tolerated without clinical signs of
      maternal toxicity. The fetuses of 20 animals per exposure group were investigated
      for structural defects. Five additional animals per group were allowed to litter
      and the offsprings were raised and observed for postnatal signs of toxicity. No
      significant developmental toxicity or changes in the postnatal physical
      development were observed. DEHP is assumed not to exhibit developmental toxicity
      under the experimental conditions employed.

PMID- 3406962
TI  - Diagnostic value of serum creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme
      determinations for monitoring early cardiac damage in rats.
AB  - Serum activities of creatine kinase (CK, EC 2.7.3.2) and CK isoenzymes, lactate
      dehydrogenase (LDH, EC 1.1.1.27) and LDH isoenzymes, alpha-hydroxybutyrate
      dehydrogenase (alpha-HBDH, no EC) and the LDH/alpha-HBDH ratio were studied
      following a single s.c. application of 5-250 mg isoproterenol/kg body weight
      (b.w.) in rats. Measurements of the serum enzymes and histological and enzyme
      histochemical examinations of hearts were performed 2, 4, 6, 8 and 24 h after
      treatment. A drastic increase in serum levels of the isoenzymes CK-MB, LDH1, LDH2
      and alpha-HBDH and decrease in the ratio LDH/alpha-HBDH were observed from 2 h
      onwards after isoproterenol application in all dose groups, the maximum effect
      being after 4-8 h. Focal cellular injury in the myocardium could also be observed
      from 2 h onwards after isoproterenol application by an enzyme-histochemical
      method using nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) whereas the earliest histological
      alterations using haematoxylin and eosin (HE) stain could be detected 6 h after
      treatment. A dose-dependent effect as to enzyme values as well as to myocardial
      necrosis was observed 24 h after isoproterenol application. No kidney damage
      could be detected on the basis of serum urea nitrogen and histological
      examinations. Thus, measurement of serum activities of CK-MB isoenzyme alone or
      LDH1-2 isoenzymes in combination with other tests to exclude kidney damage are
      valuable indicators of cardiac lesions in rats.

PMID- 3406963
TI  - Innovations in reproductive health care: menstrual regulation policies and
      programs in Bangladesh.
AB  - Although abortion is legally restricted in Bangladesh, early menstrual regulation
      (MR) as a means of reducing female morbidity and mortality associated with
      indigenous abortion has been part of the government's health and family planning
      efforts since 1975. Approximately 3,000 doctors and 2,600 female family planning
      workers (Family Welfare Visitors) have been trained in techniques of MR in a
      program intended ultimately to serve rural populations in all areas of the
      country. This paper assesses MR training and service programs in Bangladesh for
      their capacity to provide high quality reproductive health care for very poor
      women who are trying to control their fertility. Among other advantages, MR
      programs serve as an entry point for many women to contraceptive services and to
      maternal health care.

PMID- 3406964
TI  - Husband's approval of contraceptive use in metropolitan Indonesia: program
      implications.
AB  - Husband's approval of contraceptive use plays a decisive role in Indonesia.
      Despite this, no previous study of contraceptive use in Indonesia has evaluated
      the importance of husband's approval. Such evaluation is especially important in
      metropolitan areas where family planning programs have encountered more
      difficulty than those elsewhere in recruiting contraceptive users. Using data
      from the first Indonesia Contraceptive Prevalence Survey for metropolitan cities,
      husband's approval and other determinants of contraceptive use among fecund women
      were evaluated. The levels of contraceptive use varied among cities, ranging from
      34.2 percent in Ujung Pandang to 56.5 percent in Semarang. For all cities,
      however, husband's approval was the most important determinant, followed by
      number of living children and wife's education. Among women who desire to have no
      more children, 17.4 percent and 27.8 percent of contraceptive nonuse in Medan and
      Jakarta, respectively, was attributable to husband's disapproval. Because most of
      the family planning programs in Indonesia are designed to serve primarily women,
      the finding of husband's approval as the most important determinant has important
      program implications.

PMID- 3406965
TI  - Sex preference and the value of sons and daughters in Nepal.
AB  - Sex preference and the specific value of sons and daughters to parents in Nepal
      are examined using rural and urban survey data from 1979. Ideal family size among
      all respondents was, on average, three children, with two sons and one daughter
      the preferred sex composition for about 90 percent of all respondents. Among
      those who reported current contraceptive use, the mean number of living sons was
      higher than the mean number of living daughters for all respondents. Most couples
      have at least one son before they adopt contraception; respondents had, on
      average, three to four births before adopting contraception. Sons are preferred
      to daughters by Nepalese parents mainly for socioeconomic and religious reasons,
      as opposed to the economic reasons reported elsewhere in many developing
      societies. The findings indicate that the economic motive for having both sons
      and daughters may be weakening in Nepal, but that a preference for sons does
      exist.

PMID- 3406968
TI  - Subcellular biochemistry. Immunological aspects.

PMID- 3406966
TI  - Fertility and contraception in the Marshall Islands.
AB  - Data on fertility and contraception in Micronesian women in the Marshall Islands
      were collected during a women's health survey in 1985. High total fertility rates
      were found. The reproductive pattern of many Marshallese women is one that has
      been associated with adverse health consequences: pregnancies in teenagers and in
      women over 39 years, high parities of four or more births, and short birth
      intervals. The practice of breastfeeding is declining in younger women. The
      prevalence of contraceptive use is low, and the availability of reversible
      methods is limited. Most contraceptive nonusers would like to practice
      contraception, but are inhibited by the lack of information about family
      planning. It is suggested that more attention needs to be given to family
      planning services in the Marshall Islands, in particular to improving the
      availability of reversible methods of contraception and of information about
      family planning. Further research is also needed on how family planning services
      might best be organized to maximize participation by women and their partners who
      wish to use such services.

PMID- 3406969
TI  - Computers and nursing--supply requisitions and inventory control.

PMID- 3406970
TI  - Managerial touch.

PMID- 3406967
TI  - Peru 1986: results from the Demographic and Health Survey.

PMID- 3406971
TI  - Inadvertent hypothermia.

PMID- 3406972
TI  - Pointers for nurses on increasing patient compliance.

PMID- 3406973
TI  - Changes in the work place.

PMID- 3406974
TI  - A perioperative view: patients with chest tubes.

PMID- 3406975
TI  - A patient-centered nursing care plan.

PMID- 3406976
TI  - What is AIDS and how has it impacted clinical practice in your operating room?

PMID- 3406977
TI  - Immune response to ultraviolet-induced tumors. II. Effector cells in tumor
      immunity.
AB  - Skin tumors induced in mice by chronic ultraviolet irradiation are highly
      antigenic and can induce a state of transplantation immunity in syngeneic hosts.
      In the present study, we compared the in vitro cytolytic activity of splenic
      lymphocytes from mice immunized with either a regressor or a progressor UV-tumor.
      The results of this comparison supported previous work implicating a role for
      tumor-specific cytolytic T lymphocytes in the rejection of regressor UV-tumors.
      The results also revealed that immunization with the progressor UV-tumor 2237
      failed to elicit detectable levels of progressor tumor-specific CTL in animals
      capable of rejecting the immunizing tumor. Interestingly, following in vitro
      resensitization of both regressor and progressor immune spleen cells, we found a
      previously undetected lymphocyte population with anti-UV-tumor activity. Besides
      lysing UV-tumors in vitro, these lymphocytes also lysed a wide variety of
      additional tumor targets. This effector activity along with the analysis of cell
      surface markers indicated that these lymphocytes belong to that category of
      effector cells mediating natural-cell-mediated cytotoxicity (NCMC). As we had not
      detected cells with this activity in splenic lymphocyte preparations prior to in
      vitro resensitization, we examined lymphocytes from the local tumor environment
      during the course of progressor 2237 tumor rejection for either NCMC activity or
      tumor-specific CTL activity. This in situ analysis revealed lymphocytes
      exhibiting significant levels of cytolytic activity against several UV-tumors,
      thus implicating NK cells as effector cells in the rejection of progressor UV
      tumors by immune animals. The mechanisms whereby NK cells with NCMC activity
      could be induced in immune animals are discussed in the context of class-II
      restricted immune responses by helper/inducer T lymphocytes.

PMID- 3406979
TI  - International Symposium on the Mechanism of Action of Cyclosporine. Basel,
      Switzerland, June 16-18, 1987. Proceedings.

PMID- 3406978
TI  - Chronic cyclosporine nephrotoxicity. A rodent model.
AB  - The lack of a suitable rodent model has hampered the study of chronic
      cyclosporine nephrotoxicity. Proximal tubule vacuolization and inclusions are
      consistently reported in rat studies, but changes associated with chronic CsA
      nephrotoxicity in humans (interstitial fibrosis, tubular atrophy, arteriolopathy)
      are difficult to reproduce. Using male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats we have
      administered CsA in olive oil (o.o.) at 25 mg/kg/d i.p. for 28 consecutive days.
      This protocol consistently results in a lesion of patchy interstitial fibrosis,
      tubular atrophy, interstitial inflammation, and marked juxtaglomerular apparatus
      (JGA) hypertrophy and hyperplasia. Control animals were pair-fed and received
      only o.o. i.p. Despite pair feeding, CsA-treated animals gained only 9.4 +/- 12
      g, while controls gained 69 +/- 18 g. Minimal JGA hypertrophy was noted in some
      control animals, but no other significant changes were identified. The protocol
      was well tolerated and did not result in peritonitis. GFR was significantly
      depressed in the CsA-treated animals at the end of the 28-day period (0.44 +/-
      .26 vs. 1.12 +/- .13 ml/min) and BP tended to be lower, but this difference did
      not achieve statistical significance. We conclude that this model results in a
      reproducible lesion with many of the features of chronic CsA nephrotoxicity in
      humans, and that it will permit study of this problem to advance.

PMID- 3406980
TI  - Photoaffinity labeling of membrane proteins from rat liver and pig kidney with
      cyclosporine diazirine. Involvement of binding to plasma membranes cytotoxic
      effects.

PMID- 3406981
TI  - Fine-needle aspiration findings in a case of de novo membranous
      glomerulonephritis.

PMID- 3406982
TI  - Brain death criteria--current approach to the non-anencephalic.

PMID- 3406983
TI  - The infant as donor: legal issues.

PMID- 3406984
TI  - Pattern of burns injury in Nigerian children.

PMID- 3406985
TI  - Traumatic rupture of the spleen in the rural tropics. A personal experience and
      suggestions for its management.

PMID- 3406986
TI  - Treatable blindness: cataract.

PMID- 3406987
TI  - The ocular fundus in epidemic dropsy.

PMID- 3406989
TI  - What is primary hygiene?

PMID- 3406990
TI  - Discharge against medical advice in some paediatric wards.

PMID- 3406988
TI  - External cephalic version at term with tocolysis. Its place in developing
      countries.

PMID- 3406991
TI  - Rice-flour-based oral rehydration solution for diarrhoeal diseases.

PMID- 3406992
TI  - Estimating coverage from routine information.

PMID- 3406994
TI  - On an average: the rural hospital in sub-Saharan Africa.

PMID- 3406993
TI  - Understanding behaviour: the key to successful health education.

PMID- 3406995
TI  - Uvulectomy as associated with sickness.

PMID- 3406996
TI  - An appropriate technology spring retractor.

PMID- 3406997
TI  - Spring-dial sphygmomanometers: testing and calibration.

PMID- 3406998
TI  - Value of the Widal test in the diagnosis of typhoid fever in an endemic area and
      suggestions for a modification. A preliminary study.
AB  - The Widal test for detection of typhoid fever was introduced in two rural
      hospitals in Nigeria. Because of undetectably low O agglutination titers, 74 sera
      were sent overseas for further determination by means of passive
      haemagglutination with O 9, 12-antigen, Vi-antigen and slide agglutination with H
      d antigen suspensions. This full test showed discrepancies with the normal Widal
      test i.e. a false negative Widal H agglutination in 6 out of 17 patients in West
      Nigeria and a false positive Widal H test in 28 out of 49 patients in Central
      Nigeria. The full test should be applicable in a small laboratory, but its value
      has yet to be established.

PMID- 3406999
TI  - The pattern of haematological and lymphoreticular malignancy in Zimbabwe.
AB  - A 3-year prospective study undertaken in Harare, Zimbabwe, revealed that the
      relative frequencies of lymphoreticular and haematological malignancies were
      similar to those of Western countries, and fitted well into the African pattern
      except that Hodgkin's disease was relatively less and myeloma relatively more
      frequent. The distribution of non-Hodgkin's and Hodgkin's lymphoma in Zimbabwe
      corresponds well with the overall trend in Africa, i.e. with the proportion of
      Hodgkin's disease increasing and that of non-Hodgkin's disease (particularly
      Burkitt's lymphoma) decreasing on moving away from the equator. The age incidence
      pattern for Hodgkin's disease was bimodal with the largest peak in adolescence
      and early adulthood. Disease in very young children was uncommon. In non
      Hodgkin's lymphoma the picture was similar to elsewhere in Africa, except that
      Burkitt's lymphoma was uncommon.

PMID- 3407000
TI  - Effects of sheesha and cigarette smoking on pulmonary function of Saudi males and
      females.
AB  - The effects of sheesha or cigarette smoking on pulmonary function values were
      examined in 441 and 154 male and female smokers respectively. Cigarette smokers
      showed a marked decline in pulmonary function values with increasing age that was
      more pronounced than in non-smokers. VC, FEV1 and FVC mean values of male sheesha
      smokers were significantly lower than those of corresponding non-smokers with all
      pulmonary function measurements demonstrating a decline with age in sheesha
      smokers, particularly in the age group 20-49. The extent of the decline in
      pulmonary function measurements in young and middle aged female sheesha smokers
      (20-45 years) was not as pronounced as that of older female smokers. It is
      concluded that sheesha smoking as well as cigarette smoking, will produce similar
      harmful effects on the function of ventilatory capacity of both male and female
      subjects and increase the risk of developing obstructive airway disease, with
      sheesha smokers being at a greater risk.

PMID- 3407001
TI  - Trait of thalassaemia and haemoglobin E in Surabaya, Indonesia.
AB  - In order to assess the prevalence of the traits of alpha- and beta-thalassaemia
      as well as of haemoglobin E among Indonesians a survey was conducted in Surabaya,
      a city of over 3 million inhabitants in one of the most densely populated areas
      of Indonesia. 450 medical students representing healthy adults were examined with
      the following results: 18 persons (4%) harboured the beta-thalassaemia trait and
      28 (6.2%) had the Hb E trait giving a gene frequency of 0.0202 and 0.0315,
      respectively. 10 persons (2.2%) had the alpha-thalassaemia trait.

PMID- 3407002
TI  - Protean manifestations of Wilson's disease: a review of seven Saudi patients.
AB  - The clinical picture and laboratory data of five symptomatic and two asymptomatic
      cases of Wilson's disease in four unrelated Saudi families are reported. More
      than one member was affected in two families. The oldest and youngest patients
      were twenty and eight years respectively. The two oldest patients were siblings
      and presented with neurological disturbance only while the youngest two were
      unrelated and had predominantly hepatic involvement. A mixture of hepatic
      cirrhosis and extrapyramidal syndrome was encountered in one patient only and
      Kayser-Fleischer rings in three. The initial presentation of one patient who
      subsequently developed cirrhosis closely simulated subacute glomerular nephritis.
      Although only three patients showed clinical or biochemical evidence of liver
      disease either initially or in later stages, liver biopsy demonstrated a spectrum
      of morphological changes in all the seven cases. These findings indicate that a
      positive family history, Kayser-Fleischer rings and simultaneous hepatic and
      brain involvement need not be present and that subclinical hepatic involvement
      may be commoner than is generally realised in Wilson's disease. That seven cases
      were seen at one centre, which takes a largely unselected patient population, in
      a four-year period only, suggests that this preventable and treatable disease may
      be frequent in Saudi Arabia.

PMID- 3407003
TI  - Chronic osteomyelitis. Use of ipsilateral fibular graft for diaphyseal defects of
      the tibia.
AB  - Acute haematogenous osteomyelitis is a major disease in this area, affecting 10%
      of the children seen in orthopaedic clinics. Few patients report early enough to
      benefit from antibiotic treatment, so the majority are seen quite late, usually
      in the chronic stage with discharging sinuses or chronic ulcers. In adults,
      chronic osteomyelitis results from inadequately treated open fractures.
      Injudicious sequestrectomy or very severe disease may lead to loss of length of
      the bone. A 5-year-old boy and a 30-year-old man suffered loss of length of tibia
      (averaging 8 cm). In an experimental work, a non-vascularised ipsilateral fibular
      graft was used to bridge the gaps in both tibiae, fixation was achieved with a
      tubular plate in one instance and an intramedullary rush nail in the other case.
      Both patients bore weight at 4 and 6 months, respectively. Amputation should
      therefore be avoided.

PMID- 3407004
TI  - Cerebral infarct precipitated by praziquantel in neurocysticercosis--a cautionary
      note.
AB  - A patient who developed a cerebral infarct during the course of praziquantel
      therapy for neurocysticercosis is described. Destruction of a large number of
      cysts by praziquantel followed by a massive inflammatory response was likely to
      have precipitated the event. Caution on the use of this drug in patients with
      heavy parasite loads is emphasized.

PMID- 3407005
TI  - A case of Schistosoma intercalatum infection from Sao Tome.
AB  - A case of S. intercalatum infection in a young girl from Sao Tome who had never
      previously left the island is described. The expansion of this species and its
      possible hybridization are discussed.

PMID- 3407006
TI  - Probable transmission of brucellosis from breast milk to a newborn.
AB  - The first case of neonatal brucellosis is described. The baby was fed breast milk
      only when the mother became acutely ill with fever, arthralgia and malaise. At
      the same time the baby was febrile. Blood cultures grew Brucella melitensis in
      both mother and child. The brucella agglutination titre in the breast milk was
      1:2560. Both mother and child recovered during treatment with streptomycin.

PMID- 3407007
TI  - Amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia of nutritional vitamin B12 deficiency.
AB  - Description of a case of amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia due to nutritional
      vitamin B12 deficiency. Megakaryocytes reappeared in the bone marrow after
      specific treatment and other haematological responses were prompt.

PMID- 3407008
TI  - Successful long term oral zinc in florid Wilson's disease: a case report.
AB  - We describe the clinical course of a patient with florid, predominantly
      neurological, Wilson's disease who developed serious toxic effects of d
      penicillamine therapy but responded well to long term oral zinc sulphate. A
      congenital portosystemic shunt has decompressed the portal bed adequately to
      prevent the development of varices. We also documented the return to normal of a
      grossly abnormal pancreolauryl test after withdrawal of zinc.

PMID- 3407010
TI  - Epidermolysis bullosa, three cases in an African family--medical, social and
      economic problems in management in a developing country.
AB  - Epidermolysis bullosa is one of the mechanobullous diseases with skin lesions in
      response to minor traumata. Despite its low incidence, it presents many problems
      relating to management in a developing country as in Africa, such as the
      provision of supportive care within the large (usually poor) families typical in
      these countries. There are problems with education, choice of vocation, prospect
      in marriage and other social interactions. Health education is at the lowest form
      of development and the government's provision of health care is limited in scope.
      Three cases in a family of nine are presented to highlight these features.

PMID- 3407009
TI  - Illicit sale of pharmaceuticals in Africa: sellers and clients in the suburbs of
      Dakar.
AB  - Illicit drug sale seems to be increasing in developing countries, but it has
      received little scientific interest from research workers and health planners. A
      study was carried out in the underprivileged suburbs of Dakar. 10 sellers
      selected on two markets and a street corner were observed during one week day
      each: 144 buyers were thus seen on the spot. Age and sex distribution reveals
      differentiation in customers' patterns: women are more present on markets while
      men usually buy on street corners; young children are often sent by their parents
      when the location of the sale is near the house. The closer the seller is to his
      clients, the more regular they are. This suggests a differential integration in
      social life. Pharmaceuticals are bought for symptomatic treatment, especially
      pain or fatigue (77%). Aspirin is part of 58% of drugs sold; antidiarrhoeals
      (mainly tetracycline) and antimalarials (4-aminoquinolines) represent 12% and 7%
      of sales, respectively. Prices are low, as pharmaceuticals are sold as individual
      tablets. Total cost of drugs thus sold by 102 sellers on the 13 main markets of
      Pikine is 100,000 $ per year - 11 times the Ministry of Public Health expenditure
      for pharmaceuticals in this area. Better accessibility to drugs in primary health
      care structures would give an alternative choice to populations and be more
      effective than mere repression against illicit sellers.

PMID- 3407011
TI  - Fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes in Papua New Guinea.
AB  - While fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes (FCPD) has long been recognized in
      neighboring Indonesia, there has been only one single case reported from Papua
      New Guinea. Over an eighteen month period, four new cases of FCPD were seen at
      this hospital, making FCPD the predominant form of diabetes seen in Papua New
      Guinea highlanders. Abdominal pain was prominent in only one patient. Cassava
      formed a small part of the diet of all patients. Control with tolbutamide alone
      was possible in two patients and the addition of a small dose of isophane insulin
      gave satisfactory control in the other two. Two patients were particularly
      sensitive to low doses of insulin.

PMID- 3407012
TI  - Plasma lipid profiles and vascular disease in type 2 (non-insulin dependent)
      Nigerian diabetic patients.
AB  - Although ischaemic vascular disease is uncommon in Nigerians (diabetic and
      nondiabetic), foot gangrene of vascular origin still causes considerable
      morbidity in Nigerian diabetics. One known cause of vascular disease is lipid
      abnormalities. We therefore measured plasma lipid levels in diabetic patients
      with foot gangrene of vascular origin and compared those results with values in
      diabetics without gangrene and nondiabetic subjects, in relation to other
      variables such as glycaemic control, disease duration and body mass index. 45
      noninsulin dependent diabetics (10 with foot gangrene) and 22 nondiabetic control
      subjects were studied. Those diabetics with gangrene had poorer (p less than
      0.001) short-term glycaemic control (as assessed from fasting blood glucose
      levels) than those without, although longer-term control (HBA1C) was similar in
      both groups. Plasma triglyceride levels were significantly elevated in diabetics
      with or without gangrene (p less than 0.001) compared to nondiabetic subjects,
      while total cholesterol levels were high only in those with gangrene (p less than
      0.02) who also had a longer disease duration. Plasma phospholipid and HDL
      cholesterol did not differ significantly from control values. We therefore
      conclude that the raised plasma cholesterol and longer duration of diabetes in
      those diabetics with foot gangrene may have contributed to the genesis of
      vascular disease in those subjects.

PMID- 3407013
TI  - Body mass index in non-insulin dependent diabetics in Kenya.
AB  - Weights and heights of 674 consecutive non-insulin dependent diabetics and 358
      control urban healthy Kenyans were recorded prospectively. Weights and heights of
      a further 162 healthy rural adults were compared retrospectively. The body mass
      index (weight/height2) of the non-insulin dependent diabetic was lower than that
      of the corresponding urban control subject. The body mass index of the rural folk
      was consistently lower than that of the urban dweller. This study concluded that
      obesity may not be a significant factor in non-insulin dependent diabetes in the
      African black.

PMID- 3407014
TI  - Clinical aspects of typhoid fever in two rural Nigerian hospitals. A prospective
      study.
AB  - During a prospective study among 234 patients admitted with fever in two rural
      hospitals in West and Central Nigeria 38 cases of typhoid fever were found. The
      diagnosis was based on extensive serological testing in the Netherlands. The
      diazotest was introduced but appeared not helpful. The ordinary Widal test was
      not fully reliable. Eighty five percent of the patients responded to
      chloramphenicol. The course of typhoid fever in West Nigeria was more severe than
      in Central Nigeria. The findings are compared with those of similar studies of
      typhoid fever.

PMID- 3407015
TI  - A scanning tunneling microscope (STM) for biological applications: design and
      performance.
AB  - The design of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) for biological applications,
      operating at ambient pressure, is described. The STM is combined with an
      "auxiliary" light microscope to facilitate finding and identifying specimen areas
      of interest. The performance of the STM has been tested with evaporated gold
      films and with graphite. We have evaluated evaporated carbon and platinum/carbon
      films deposited on glass or mica to be used as specimen supports. First
      applications to biological material coated with a conducting film of
      platinum/carbon are described.

PMID- 3407016
TI  - Scanning tunneling microscopy. Selected contributions from a workshop held during
      the 23rd meeting of the German Society for Electron Microscopy. Bremen, September
      1987.

PMID- 3407017
TI  - Thresholds for cavitation produced in water by pulsed ultrasound.
AB  - The threshold for transient cavitation produced in water by pulsed ultrasound was
      measured as a function of pulse duration and pulse repetition frequency at both
      0.98 and 2.30 MHz. The cavitation events were detected with a passive acoustic
      technique which relies upon the scattering of the irradiation field by the bubble
      clouds associated with the events. The results indicate that the threshold is
      independent of pulse duration and acoustic frequency for pulses longer than
      approximately 10 acoustic cycles. The threshold increases for shorter pulses. The
      cavitation events are likely to be associated with bubble clouds rather than
      single bubbles.

PMID- 3407018
TI  - [Observations on optimizing the mechanical properties of osteosynthesis screws].
AB  - According to two agreeing standards, the mechanical requirements for bone screws
      consist of a minimum breaking torque and of the minimum angle of rotation to
      failure of 180 degrees. Apparently it has been overlooked that these requirements
      admit austenitic steels with a very low yield strength, which reach the required
      torque at fracture only by the work-hardening brought about during the torsion
      test. As a high yield strength is a prerequisite of a stable fixation, a
      formulation is proposed which guarantees not only a high elastic torque but also
      an adequate work of deformation in the plastic state as an insurance against
      embrittlement.

PMID- 3407019
TI  - [Distal radius fracture--indications for conservative, partial surgical and
      surgical therapy].
AB  - 460 fractures of the distal radius including 91 which are treated surgically are
      investigated in a retrospective study. There were 260 fractures of the left and
      only 200 of the right radius. 66% of the patients were female, especially
      striking is the superior number of women older than 45 years. The evaluation of
      the final radiological results referring to anatomical joint angles and normal
      radius length shows a high correlation to the evaluation of the final functional
      results. 70% of the latter are valued as excellent or good, 19% as tolerable and
      11% as poor. The classification according to Frykman shows a significantly better
      result for cases without violation of the distal ulna. The comparison between
      operative and non-operative treatment of dislocated fractures without infraction
      of the radiocarpal joint demonstrates good results of percutaneous wire fixation
      in those cases. The therapy of fractures with infraction of radiocarpal and
      radioulnar joint is difficult. In this group we could not find a superiority of
      operative against conservative treatment. Wire fixation lead to 19% poor results
      and cannot be recommended for all cases. Six patients treated by external
      fixation and five treated by osteosynthesis using metal plates had good or
      tolerable results. The indication for using these methods has to be considered.

PMID- 3407020
TI  - [Significance of primary diagnosis in dislocations of the carpal bones].
AB  - In order to diagnose dislocation of carpal bones it is important to interpret the
      X-ray film correctly. In most cases of primary dislocations, closed anatomical
      reduction can be achieved. The resulting stability after primary reduction must
      be checked in moving the wrist under X-ray intensifier control. If there is
      reluxation or any persisting instability, operative treatment is indicated. By
      clinical examples it is shown that very good functional results are obtained
      after primary diagnosis and correct treatment. Regarding overlooked dislocation
      of carpal bones, therapeutic management is difficult and the clinical result is
      often unsatisfactory.

PMID- 3407021
TI  - [Development and forms of post-traumatic carpal instability].
AB  - Posttraumatic carpal instabilities may be caused either by fractures or by
      rupture of the ligaments and originate mostly from a sudden fall on the hand
      risen in defense. In this case forced dorsiflexion, supination and ulnarduction
      will be developed in the wrist joint and intracarpal region. The injury takes its
      course in four stages. According to the localisation we differ between radial
      carpal instabilities, which develop especially in the stages I and II, ulnar
      instabilities, which develop in the stages III and IV. Furthermore there exists a
      third kind of instability: the proximal carpal instability, which is localised in
      the radiocarpal joint. In addition to that we differ static and dynamic
      instabilities. For treatment in recent injuries the continuity of the ligaments
      and the shape and the size of the carpal bones are restored. In delayed cases it
      will be necessary to restore the ligaments by grafting, to perform intracarpal
      arthrodesis or osteotomy to correct the bony configuration.

PMID- 3407022
TI  - Update on endourology.

PMID- 3407023
TI  - Anatomy of the ureter.
AB  - Ureteral anatomy is vital to the endoscopist as this knowledge will facilitate
      the endoscopic manipulation of the ureter and minimize the morbidity that can be
      associated with these procedures.

PMID- 3407024
TI  - Ureteromat. Method to facilitate ureterorenoscopy and avoid dilatation.
AB  - The history of rigid ureterorenoscopy and the development of the Ureteromat are
      briefly described. The technical principles of the Ureteromat, the technique for
      its use, and the basic principles for performing ureterorenoscopy aided by this
      irrigation system are described. In our experience, the average operating time
      diminished from 66 to 22 minutes with the Ureteromat, severe complications
      dropped from 4 to 0.9 per cent, and the success rate for calculi in the ureter
      increased from 72 to 98 per cent. Furthermore, the Ureteromat facilitates other
      procedures (flexible ureteroscopy and flexible percutaneous nephrolithotomy). No
      complications ascribable to the Ureteromat were observed.

PMID- 3407025
TI  - Ureteral access system. Technique and results.
AB  - Suggestions for the safe use of the ureteral access set are outlined in Table 1.
      Although this tool is valuable in selected circumstances, great care must be
      exercised in its use. In the series described, the incidence of perforation was
      31 per cent. Although no long-term sequelae are known to have occurred, the
      potential for such problems is present. If ureteral injury is suspected, a
      retrograde pyelogram should be performed. Proper diversionary measures must be
      performed when a perforation is confirmed. Appropriate long-term radiographic
      evaluation should follow.

PMID- 3407026
TI  - Mechanical extraction of stones with rigid ureteroscopes.
AB  - Ureteroscopy, once the province of experienced endourologists, is now being done
      routinely by nearly all urologists. Thorough preoperative evaluation, proper
      selection of instruments, and gentle manipulation will lead to stone retrieval
      with minimal sequelae.

PMID- 3407028
TI  - Dornier extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy for ureteral stones.
AB  - Most investigators think that ESWL is the preferred method for treating calculi
      in the upper ureter--that segment proximal to the superior margin of the iliac
      crest. Ureteroscopic manipulation, percutaneous antegrade manipulation, and open
      ureterolithotomy are secondary choices. The treatment of calculi in the lower
      ureter--that segment between the upper border of the iliac crest and the
      ureterovesical junction--is somewhat controversial. Most urologists favor
      ureteroscopic manipulation: small stones can be extracted, while larger stones
      can be fragmented with ultrasonic, electrohydraulic, or even laser lithotripsy.
      However, manipulation in the presacral ureter is more difficult than in the
      juxtavesicular ureter, and all stones are not amenable to ureteroscopic
      management. Our experience at the University of Virginia led us to use ESWL for
      lower ureteral stones when ureteroscopic manipulation fails or cannot safely be
      accomplished or when patients refuse cystoscopy. Juxtavesicular stones are
      treated with a minor modification (sitting position) of standard supine ESWL,
      whereas presacral stones are treated with prone ESWL.

PMID- 3407027
TI  - Electrohydraulic lithotripsy in the ureter.
AB  - Intravesical lithotripsy using electrohydraulic probe appears to be a rapid and
      safe technique to treat ureteral stones that are too large for intact extraction
      and inaccessible to ESWL. Strict adherence to the guidelines that have been
      discussed must be maintained to assure its safety.

PMID- 3407029
TI  - Retrograde percutaneous nephrostomy.
AB  - Retrograde percutaneous nephrostomy puncture to aid in stone removal is a safe
      and acceptable alternative to antegrade techniques. For urologists with expertise
      in endoscopic instrumentation and technique, it is easy to learn and does not
      require the presence of a skilled interventional radiologist. The advantages of
      the technique are that it can be performed in a non-dilated collecting system and
      can result in more accurate and less traumatic puncture. We have found it
      difficult to use in the presence of staghorn calculi filling the kidney, and its
      application is obviously limited if access to the lower urinary tract and ureter
      cannot be obtained. If the technique is unsuccessful, it does not preclude or
      complicate immediate antegrade percutaneous or open stone removal.

PMID- 3407030
TI  - Ureteroscopy of the abnormal ureter.
AB  - We do not contend that all ureters are amenable to ureteroscopic manipulation; we
      only call attention to the vast and expanding armamentarium available to the
      practicing endourologist. The application of these techniques and instruments in
      certain cases, especially when the potential for morbidity with an open operation
      is significant, will no doubt result in ever-increasing numbers of challenging
      ureters being managed successfully by the integration of antegrade and retrograde
      endourologic techniques. However, it should be remembered that the procedure is
      invasive and therefore should be performed by experienced endourologists for the
      proper indications.

PMID- 3407031
TI  - Advances in endosurgery. Treatment of ureteral-enteric anastomotic strictures.
AB  - The described endourologic technique of incision and dilation of a ureteral
      intestinal stricture is effective in most patients. Indeed, with the outlined
      treatment regimen, less than 30 per cent of patients with ureteral-intestinal
      anastomotic strictures will eventually require open surgical revision. Further
      advances in the use of lasers or the endourologic positioning of free tissue
      grafts may further improve the success rate of the endoscopic approach.

PMID- 3407032
TI  - Ureteroscopic management of transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary
      tract.
AB  - Upper tract tumors may be diagnostic problems, and the importance of obtaining
      tissue in a closed fashion has been illustrated. This is probably the most
      important advantage of the ureteroscopic approach to these tumors. Ureteroscopy
      is safe and reliable and allows examination of about 95 per cent of all patients
      evaluated. Success rates will continue to improve with the expanded use of
      flexible instruments. Ureteroscopy may also be used for treatment. However,
      before this mode of therapy can be accepted, further work must be done comparing
      the findings of the endoscopic biopsy with the pathologic stage of the cancer.
      Nevertheless, it does appear that low-grade localized distal ureteral tumors can
      be managed effectively by ureteroscopic means. Possibly low-grade tumors in the
      renal pelvis can also be managed by this method (see also following article).
      Again, methods of surveillance such as radiographic studies and urinary cytology
      must be used in addition to endoscopic examination for follow-up (Table 2).
      Extensive pyelocaliceal tumors, high-grade pelvic tumors, and high-grade ureteral
      tumors probably cannot be managed effectively by ureteroscopic means. Either
      polychronotropism or failure to control a primary tumor may prove an indication
      for adjuvant topical therapy. Potential side effects such as systemic absorption
      resulting in myelosuppression need to be considered. However, if standard dosages
      known to be relatively safe intravesically are employed, there should be no
      significant problems.

PMID- 3407033
TI  - Percutaneous treatment of transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract.
AB  - Fourteen selected patients with renal pelvic transitional cell carcinoma were
      managed percutaneously in our institution between March 1984 and April 1987. With
      a mean follow-up of 19 months, and excluding those patients who underwent
      immediate nephroureterectomy, six patients remain free of recurrent disease,
      which is similar to the results obtained with open parenchyma-sparing
      conservative operations. Our results suggest that percutaneous operations can
      provide cure in selected patients, including those with a normal contralateral
      kidney and with small (no more than 2-cm), single, low-grade, papillary tumors
      that are confined to the mucosa who, in addition, have negative cytology,
      negative random biopsies of contiguous mucosa, and no history of or concurrent
      transitional cell carcinoma elsewhere in the urinary tract. Further, our results
      suggest that second-look procedures with resection of suspicious residual
      disease, Nd:YAG laser irradiation of the tumor bed, and intracavitary
      administration of BCG all appear to help prevent recurrences.

PMID- 3407034
TI  - Ureterorenoscopic endopyelotomy. Preliminary report.
AB  - In conclusion, the concept of endopyelotomy remains extremely attractive, and the
      early results appear promising. However, the methodology appears to be far in
      advance of the actual science. Objective studies with furosemide washout
      renography or Whitaker tests prior to endopyelotomy and at 1 year following
      endopyelotomy are lacking. Currently, because of its less-invasive nature, lack
      of external catheters, and rapid convalescence, we are continuing to use a
      ureteroscopic approach to endopyelotomy. However, although this method overall
      represents a less-invasive approach, the reader is cautioned to keep in mind that
      our patient series is too small and the follow-up is too brief for any
      conclusions to yet be drawn in favor of this method.

PMID- 3407035
TI  - Endopyelotomy.
AB  - Endopyelotomy has developed from the advances of endourology and has become an
      accepted means to correct ureteropelvic junction obstruction. Endopyelotomy can
      be performed with less morbidity than pyeloplasty, with less operative and
      anesthetic time, less analgesic requirements, and a shorter recovery period. With
      success rates of 88.8 per cent for primary obstruction and 89 per cent for
      secondary obstruction, provided patients are selected appropriately,
      endopyelotomy has become a valuable procedure for the correction of ureteropelvic
      junction obstruction. The longest follow-up is 4 years, and therefore long-term
      success rates cannot be quoted. Time will reveal the ultimate place for
      endopyelotomy.

PMID- 3407036
TI  - Stent for endopyelotomy.
AB  - There can be no single ideal stent, as each individual need requires a different
      type of stent. For endopyelotomy, at the present time, we think we have a stent
      that meets most of the criteria we set. From past experience, we are sure there
      will be further modifications and improvements in our quest for the ideal stent
      for this indication.

PMID- 3407037
TI  - Complications of endopyelotomy.
AB  - Endopyelotomy is safe with a low risk of complications and a high chance of
      success given satisfactory percutaneous access to the kidney, adequate incision
      of the ureteropelvic junction, and proper stenting. The benefits of endopyelotomy
      are considerable. The postoperative morbidity is much less than that of an open
      operation, and the technique requires much less time, which may reduce the cost.
      Furthermore, the ureteral blood supply is undisturbed, which is an important
      advantage should open pyeloplasty be necessary. Complications of endopyelotomy
      will be further reduced as urologists gain experience and familiarity with the
      various endourologic techniques required.

PMID- 3407038
TI  - Percutaneous management of ureteral fistulas.
AB  - Ureteral occlusion with proximal urinary diversion is often required when
      treating patients with ureteral fistulas secondary to advanced neoplastic
      disease. Recent endourologic advancements have stemmed from the high morbidity
      and mortality associated with formal surgical reconstruction in this population.
      Endourologic management may be accomplished by a transrenal or retroperitoneal
      approach. To date, no study has clearly demonstrated the superiority of any one
      approach because of the small numbers of patients and the uniformly short-term
      follow-up.

PMID- 3407039
TI  - Ureteral stents. Materials.
AB  - There is no "ideal" ureteral stent material at this time, yet these devices are
      very useful endourologic tools. One can utilize the physical data presented
      herein, as well as personal preference and experience, to select a stent best
      suited for the problem presented by the patient. The hydrogels, a new class of
      ureteral stent material, promise to enhance the applicability and utility of the
      self-retained internal ureteral stent.

PMID- 3407040
TI  - The benefits of stenting on a more-or-less routine basis prior to extracorporeal
      shock-wave lithotripsy.
AB  - Indwelling internal ureteral stents are helpful in minimizing the morbidity of
      ESWL for large renal stones. Soft silicone stents are well tolerated. A pull-out
      suture allows convenient removal of the stent without cystoscopy.

PMID- 3407041
TI  - Selective use of ureteral stents before extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy.
AB  - Stents must be judiciously, not indiscriminately, used prior to lithotripsy to
      maximize successes. The documented advantages for specific stone burdens and
      patient types should not be taken as an endorsement for pretreatment stenting on
      a routine basis. Universal stenting is a costly adjunct to an already costly
      technology, not to mention the substantial number of patients with stents who
      report bladder or renal discomfort that is relieved when the stents are removed.
      Certainly, in some cases, the constant discomfort of bladder irritability and
      reflex voiding secondary to polymer stents may be more incapacitating than mild
      colic associated with fragment passage. Complications of internal ureteral stents
      do occur, so judicious selection of patients for pre-ESWL stenting is advised.

PMID- 3407042
TI  - Flexible cystoscopy.
AB  - Flexible fiberoptic technology was first applied to cystoscopy in 1973, with
      greatly increased usage since 1982. Most procedures formerly performed with rigid
      cystoscopes can be done using flexible cystoscopes with minimal or no anesthesia.
      Patient positioning and precystocopy preparation and draping are simplified with
      the flexible fiberoptic instruments. Complete examination of the urethra and
      bladder can be performed with a single-lens system and with the patient in a
      variety of positions. Fiberoptic cystoscopy is limited in patients who are
      bleeding or have blood clots in their bladders. Withdrawal of irrigant or bladder
      drainage is cumbersome, and the fiberoptic image is currently not of the same
      caliber as that of the rigid-lens systems. Fiberoptic cystoscopy has become the
      procedure of choice for many urologists for ureteral stenting prior to
      extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy. With the advent of lithotripters that
      require no anesthesia, this application is likely to broaden. Future applications
      of flexible cystoscopy may include a flexible videocystoscope for use in
      diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.

PMID- 3407043
TI  - Care and sterilization of endourologic instruments.
AB  - All endourologic instruments must be handled properly if they are to continue to
      function properly. Care must be taken in washing and sterilizing of this
      equipment, as not all endoscopic equipment can endure all methods, and people who
      are working with these instruments must be taught the proper care and
      sterilization methods of each. For example, fiberoptic telescopes and light
      cables must never be autoclaved; ethylene oxide is the method of choice.
      Disinfectant is an alternative. Loops, sheaths, high-frequency cables,
      resectoscopes, and working elements should be sterilized by ethylene oxide. Loops
      and high-frequency cables should not be soaked in a disinfectant, but other
      instruments may be soaked. All instruments should be dried before sterilization.
      Too much emphasis cannot be placed on the importance of proper storage of these
      very fragile fiberoptic instruments. With proper care and sterilization, these
      instruments will need fewer repairs and function properly for a longer time.

PMID- 3407044
TI  - CT and MRI of adrenal lesions.
AB  - Adrenal lesions can be divided into those that result in clinical syndromes due
      to excess hormone elaboration and those that are nonhyperfunctioning. Computed
      tomography (CT) is usually adequate to assess the adrenal glands in patients with
      hyperfunctional disease. Occasionally supplementation with radionuclide studies,
      magnetic resonance (MR) or venous sampling, is required. Lesions which are not
      hyperfunctioning are often detected as an incidental mass. The CT and MR
      characteristics often allow a confident diagnosis based on their imaging
      characteristics. The adrenal glands are a common site of metastatic disease which
      can be detected by CT and further characterized by MR or biopsy if the stage of
      disease is uncertain.

PMID- 3407045
TI  - Renal hypertension.
AB  - Hypertension caused by renal abnormalities represents a small but significant
      percentage of the total hypertensive population. In each case, the abnormality
      affects renal hemodynamics, resulting in the excess secretion of renin. Renal
      hypertension may result from major vascular abnormalities--most often stenoses-
      microcirculatory disease, and renal parenchymal processes that secondarily affect
      the circulation.

PMID- 3407046
TI  - Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy: clinical results.
AB  - The uroradiological experience with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)
      treatment of over 1,500 urinary calculi is summarized. Percutaneous nephrostomies
      were needed in 5-50% of ESWL patients depending upon the size and location of
      stone being treated. Over 25% of percutaneous nephrostomy tracts were
      subsequently used for other procedures. When staghorn calculi were treated by
      ESWL, the collaborative efforts of uroradiologists and urologists is mandatory.

PMID- 3407047
TI  - [Electrohydraulic shockwave lithotripsy with ventral shockwave exposure--technic,
      indications and initial clinical results].
AB  - Shockwave lithotripsy of ureteral or calyceal calculi covered by the bony pelvis
      and of anteriorly located stones, such as calculi in horseshoe kidneys or the
      common bile duct, requires ventral introduction of the shockwave into the body.
      Eleven patients underwent ESWL in the prone position for the aforementioned
      indications. All treatments were performed with the Dornier HM3 lithotripter,
      which allows prone positioning of the patient without technical modification of
      the stretcher. ESWL was successful in all patients, one requiring a second
      session for complete stone disintegration. Thus, the possibility of shockwave
      lithotripsy with the patient in the prone position allows further extension of
      the indications for noninvasive treatment of calculi.

PMID- 3407048
TI  - [Surgical therapy of erectile impotence of vascular venous origin].
AB  - We report about 32 men, who suffered from erectile impotence due to venous
      leakage. Three methods of penile surgery are described, the ligature of plexus
      santorini, the ligature of deep dorsal vein and the ligature of ectopic veins of
      the penis. By these operations 72% of the patients achieved potency again.

PMID- 3407049
TI  - [Vesico-enteral fistulas: solutions to a diagnostic dilemma].
AB  - The diagnostic proof of vesico--enteral fistulas is necessary before proceeding
      to surgical treatment. The detection, however, can often be difficult because of
      nonspecific symptoms and unreliable uro-radiologic and endoscopic investigations.
      Additional and more sensitive diagnostic procedures are evaluated like computer
      tomography, the simple Bourne-test and a radioisotopic test.

PMID- 3407050
TI  - [DNA profile, recurrence rate and progression of superficial G2 cancer of the
      urinary bladder].
AB  - In a retrospective study the prognostic value of flow cytometric DNA analysis was
      studied in 114 newly diagnosed cases with superficial bladder tumours. G1-tumours
      were generally diploid, G3-tumours almost exclusively aneuploid. G2-tumours
      exhibited a bimodal distribution with 50% diploid and 50% aneuploid cases
      respectively. Recurrence and progression correlated systematically with the
      ploidy level. Furthermore, the degree of aneuploidy is predictive for proneness
      to progression.

PMID- 3407051
TI  - [Use of electronic data processing in the urologic clinic and practice-
      possibilities and perspectives].
AB  - The development, present status and future trends in the use of computers in
      urology in the Federal Republic of Germany are reviewed. The hardware, software
      required for hospital and private practice and the staff needed are discussed.
      Proposals are given for the installation and stepwise upgrading of computer
      systems, from simple text processing units to complex hospital communication
      systems. Finally new technologies that might considerably change the use of
      computers in urology are presented.

PMID- 3407052
TI  - [Diagnosis and therapy of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis].
AB  - Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) is a rare, unilateral and multifocal
      inflammatory response of the kidney against bacterial toxins. In the Department
      of Urology of the University of Freiburg 6 patients with XGP were observed within
      10 years. Despite modern diagnostic procedures differential diagnosis from kidney
      tumors and other parenchymal kidney diseases remains difficult. Recurrent urinary
      tract infections, fever, urolithiasis, obstruction and leucocytosis may be
      indicative of XGP. The diagnosis has to be confirmed by surgical intervention
      which preferably should preserve functioning renal tissue. The prognosis in
      general is quite good.

PMID- 3407053
TI  - [Subpelvic ureteral obstruction with a previously normal urogram].
AB  - Two patients with acquired obstruction at the ureteropelvic junction are
      presented who had a normal ureteropelvic junction in previous pyelograms. In one
      case vesicoureteral reflux may be the cause of the obstruction, in the other one
      the etiology could not be determined.

PMID- 3407054
TI  - New standards for UTI--1988.

PMID- 3407055
TI  - Avoiding "overkill" in diagnosis and treatment of lower urinary tract infections.
AB  - Lower urinary tract infections are not procedure-related conditions.
      Genitourinary tract abnormalities are uncommon, and there are few indications for
      an extensive workup of women with urinary tract infections. To avoid overtreating
      and yet remain confident of providing the best possible care, it is important to
      recognize that urinary tract infections are a spectrum of diseases with different
      etiologies and different diagnostic and therapeutic requirements. In the vast
      majority of cases, the urologist's responsibility is to avoid unnecessary
      treatment, to educate the patient on her condition, and to provide treatment with
      a first-line, established antimicrobial. The excretory urogram is indicated when
      the patient presents with symptoms of upper tract infection or asymptomatic
      hematuria. Urodynamic studies are useful for the patient with an abnormal voiding
      pattern or suspicion of neurogenic bladder. Cystoscopy has a place only when
      there is suspicion of bladder tumor. The voiding cystourethrogram is the most
      useful study for patients with urinary tract infection when there is suspicion of
      urethral diverticula. Studies are not recommended during a period of acute
      infection. Procedures that manipulate the urethra are contraindicated.

PMID- 3407056
TI  - Protocol for treatment of typical urinary tract infection: criteria for
      antimicrobial selection.
AB  - Criteria for selecting an appropriate drug for treatment of urinary tract
      infection are based on therapeutic goals. A major criterion is to choose an
      antimicrobial that will not affect the patient's fecal and vaginal flora. Low
      cost is another important criterion. It is unnecessary to select an expensive
      antimicrobial when highly effective agents are available at low cost. High
      urinary concentration is the third goal of therapy and a major criterion for
      selecting an appropriate drug. To apply these selection criteria in clinical
      practice, use a criteria-based classification. Choose the agent highest on the
      following lists for which the patient shows no sensitivity: Class I,
      nitrofurantoin macrocrystals and penicillin VK; Class II, carbenicillin; Class
      III, amoxicillin; Class IV, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and cephalosporins;
      Class V, ampicillin, tetracycline, norfloxacin.

PMID- 3407057
TI  - Guidelines for management of the problem patient.
AB  - Most lower urinary tract infections in women are uncomplicated and are treated by
      gynecologists or family physicians. The problem patient may require a thorough
      workup to identify the causative organism or underlying pathology. A hypothetical
      case example is presented in which Klebsiella is identified as the pathogen. A
      cephalosporin is administered for seven days with reculture twenty-four hours
      after completion of therapy. If the urine proves to be sterile, a bedtime regimen
      is initiated of nitrofurantoin macrocrystals, 100 mg. The objective is to target
      the bladder with a potent bactericidal agent that will not create resistant
      bacterial strains or have side effects. After two weeks, dosage is reduced to
      every other night for two to four weeks. If the patient continues to have
      recurrences, short-course self-medication is indicated. In addition to the
      patient with recurrent infections, other problem patients include the patient
      with nosocomial infection, immunocompromised patients, infants and preschool
      children, and the elderly.

PMID- 3407058
TI  - Overview. New standards for UTI--1988.
AB  - Lower urinary tract infection is a significant problem in 20 percent of the
      female population in the United States. An improved standard of care is now
      possible through new understanding of pathogenesis, evaluation, and cost
      effective management. Urologists are called on to establish standard protocols
      for practical diagnosis and treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infection,
      thereby establishing a common language among physicians and patients. An
      appreciation of host defense mechanisms, particularly the antiadherence role of
      glycosaminoglycan (GAG) in the bladder mucin, reinforces clinical recognition of
      the bladder as the target organ for bacterial attack associated with urinary
      tract infection.

PMID- 3407059
TI  - [Experience using intracranial endoscopy in neurologic traumatology].
AB  - The endoscopic anatomy of the subdural space structure and endoscopic semiotics
      of intracranial lesions are presented. The direct vision of the lesion substrate
      outside projection of a small trepanation opening raised the reliability of
      diagnosis, provides a wide and atraumatic access for the removal of spreaded
      hematomas and other foci, allows surgery to be fulfilled even in critical
      patients. The application of intracranial endoscopy in neurotraumatology is
      considered as a technical principle.

PMID- 3407060
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of pleural empyema of traumatic etiology].
AB  - Closed active sanitation of the pleural cavity with the local application of
      proteolytic enzymes and antibiotics in rational general therapy allowed to cure
      more than half of the patients with pleural empyema of a traumatic origin. An
      insufficient effect of drainage results in wide thoracotomy being necessary. The
      most adequate operation is pleurectomy and decortication contributing to complete
      expansion of the lung and preservation of its functional capacities.

PMID- 3407061
TI  - [Estimation of blood loss in mechanical injuries].
AB  - The examination of 2033 patients with severe mechanical injuries has shown that
      in most patients with traumas of the head, chest and upper extremities of the
      same localization (isolated or multiple) the volume of blood loss was not more
      than 20% of the circulating blood volume. Isolated and multiple injuries of the
      abdomen, pelvis, spine and lower extremities in 28-54% of the patients were
      followed by blood loss more than 20% of the circulating blood volume. Associated
      traumas in most cases were followed by massive blood loss (more than 40% of the
      CBV).

PMID- 3407062
TI  - [Successful treatment of extensive scalp avulsion].

PMID- 3407063
TI  - [Isolated injuries of the pancreas in blunt abdominal trauma].

PMID- 3407064
TI  - [Clinical course and diagnosis of perforated ulcers of the cardial portion of the
      stomach].
AB  - The work describes features of the clinical course and diagnostics in 19 patients
      with perforated ulcers of the cardial part of the stomach. Under separate
      consideration were patients with perforation into the free abdominal cavity (13
      patients) and with an atypical clinical picture (6 patients). Problems with the
      diagnostics of perforation of gastric cardial ulcers are stressed. Indirect
      symptoms of the disease are described.

PMID- 3407065
TI  - [Remote results of truncal vagotomy in complications of duodenal ulcer].

PMID- 3407066
TI  - [Complications in the surgical treatment of inguinal hernia].

PMID- 3407067
TI  - [Antegrade endolymphatic infusion of antibiotics in the treatment of intra
      abdominal infiltrates and abscesses].

PMID- 3407068
TI  - [Catheters for endolymphatic drug therapy].

PMID- 3407069
TI  - [A fixator for the phalanges of the fingers].

PMID- 3407070
TI  - [A titration method of determining the acidity of opaque gastric juice in
      emergency surgery].
AB  - The data presented show great practical significance of titration methods of the
      investigation of gastric secretion. 220 comparative determinations of acidity of
      the gastric juice have shown the presence of admixtures of mucus, blood and bile
      in the gastric content to overstate the indices of the colorimetric titration
      method without a practical effect on the electrometric one which is known to be
      more precise.

PMID- 3407071
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of ulcerated forms of early cancer of the stomach].
AB  - An analysis of roentgenological and endoscopic signs of "malignancy" in 107
      patients with "ulcerous" forms of early gastric cancer and symptoms in patients
      of the control group (54 patients) with chronic gastric ulcer was performed by
      the same specialists. These signs were shown to be not reliable. It was only the
      biopsy, sometimes repeated, followed by cytological and histological examinations
      of the material, which managed to make a surely correct preoperative diagnosis in
      94.4% of patients with the early stage of gastric cancer.

PMID- 3407072
TI  - [Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography and cholangiostomy in mechanical
      jaundice].
AB  - Under investigation there were 223 patients with mechanical jaundice, 132
      patients were subjected to percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography, 102
      patients--to percutaneous transhepatic cholangiostomy. The preoperative drainage
      of bile ducts was established to be efficient in order to reduce lethality. High
      diagnostic value of cholangiography is shown. Indications and contraindications
      to the application of cholangiostomy depending on etiology of jaundice,
      localization of the tumor, and its spread, degree of hepatic insufficiency and
      risk of operative procedures are formulated.

PMID- 3407073
TI  - [Transhepatic drainage in surgery of the liver and bile ducts].
AB  - Transhepatic drainage was used in 57 patients with high impassability of bile
      ducts. Indications to different variants of transhepatic draining are analysed,
      those ones being predominant when both ends of the drain are put onto the
      abdominal wall. The possible complications of the transhepatic drainage are
      described as well as the methods of prevention of cholangitis in the remote
      postoperative period.

PMID- 3407074
TI  - [Surgical treatment of injuries and cicatricial strictures of the bile ducts
      using changeable transhepatic drainage].
AB  - Results of 62 reconstructive and restorative operations performed on 47 patients
      with scarry strictures and injuries of main bile ducts are analyzed. A group of
      17 patients was chosen, a spare transhepatic drain being used in 18 operations.
      It was established that bougieurage, dilatation of the strictures and a
      continuous frame drainage with the stricture of hepaticocholedochus as long as 20
      mm or recurrent strictures of hepaticojejunoanastomosis provided stabilization of
      scarring and epithelization of the stricture zone. A favorable result of the
      treatment is determined by the duration of the frame drainage not less than for 2
      years.

PMID- 3407075
TI  - [Obturation of external intestinal fistulas].
AB  - Under analysis is an experience with the application of well-known methods of
      obturation in the treatment of 176 patients with external intestinal fistulas.
      The effectiveness of the application of the well-known methods of obturation in
      non-formed intestinal fistulas was noted in three of ten patients, good results
      were obtained in five of ten patients with formed fistulas.

PMID- 3407076
TI  - [Enterostomy-controlled intestinal dialysis].
AB  - Separate drainage of the jejunum and ileum with two small diameter tubes through
      enterostoma was performed in 26 patients with acute purulent peritonitis in order
      to make the intestinal dialysis. A description of the method of enterostomy and
      intestinal lavage is given.

PMID- 3407077
TI  - [Selection of the surgical approach to the adrenal glands and means of reducing
      suppurative complications in Cushing syndrome].
AB  - Based on their experience with 230 operations on patients with the Icenko-
      Cushing syndrome the authors made a conclusion that the oblique-transverse lumbar
      access through the XIth intercostal space was preferable in patients with
      newformations of the adrenals with the diameter not less than 4 cm. The exclusion
      was a great tumor on the right adrenal. In these cases a good access to the
      adrenal was provided by lateral thoracophrenotomy through the Xth intercostal
      space. The lumbar access in question followed by the active drainage through a
      special wound is thought to be preferable.

PMID- 3407078
TI  - [Repeated and combined operations in tumors of the retroperitoneal space].
AB  - Based on an experience with the treatment of 76 patients with tumors of the
      retroperitoneal space the authors show the expediency of operations of a "region
      resection" type with the intraoperative control of hemostasis. Such operations
      were performed in 18 patients with left-side tumors and in 7 patients with the
      right-side localization of tumors. The choice of the regional resection is
      considered by the authors to elevate the resectability in patients with tumors of
      the retroperitoneal space.

PMID- 3407079
TI  - [Microbiological evaluation of the methods of preventing suppuration of surgical
      wounds].
AB  - Contamination of the operative wounds with aerobic and nonsporulating anaerobic
      microflora is known to take place in the process of operation. Lower degree of
      the contamination of the operative wounds by the end of operations results in
      lower incidence of suppurations. It can be achieved in pure and conventionally
      pure operations of a less traumatic character by the application of preoperative
      gentamycin electrophoresis onto the operation field, while in conventionally pure
      operations of great traumatism and contaminated operations--by active irrigating
      drainage.

PMID- 3407081
TI  - [Results of thermographic diagnosis and surgical treatment of diseases of the
      thyroid].

PMID- 3407080
TI  - [Use of urea in the treatment of patients with suppurative diseases of the lungs
      and pleura].
AB  - Under analysis were results of treatment of 96 patients with suppurative diseases
      of the lungs and pleura. The 30% solution of urea was locally used in 59 patients
      as pleural punctures, introduction of the solution through drains into the
      purulent cavity by dropping irrigation of bronchi and tamponage of open purulent
      cavities. Gram-positive microorganisms were found to die in the 30% solution of
      urea within 30 min.--3 h, gram-negative ones--within 30 min.--1 h. The
      introduction of urea directly into the purulent infection focus against the
      background of general therapy allowed to quickly block the acute phase of the
      suppurative process, to prepare the patients to planned operations and to reduce
      the amount of postoperative complications as compared with a control group of
      patients who were treated by routine local antiseptic drugs.

PMID- 3407082
TI  - [Duodenostasis associated with ulcer of the duodenum and its abnormalities].

PMID- 3407083
TI  - [Dystopic gallbladder in the hepatoduodenal ligament].

PMID- 3407084
TI  - [Agenesis of the gallbladder].

PMID- 3407085
TI  - [Perforation of a pancreatic cyst into hollow organs].

PMID- 3407086
TI  - [2-stage treatment of intestinal nodulation].

PMID- 3407087
TI  - [Surgical tactics in various diseases of the ileocecal segment of the intestine].

PMID- 3407088
TI  - [Subdiaphragmatic abscess].

PMID- 3407089
TI  - [Pylorus-sparing gastric resection in the surgical treatment of mediogastric
      ulcers].
AB  - Pylorus-preserving resections of the stomach were fulfilled in 118 patients with
      type I ulcers. The detected drop of the acid production in the stomach with
      ulcers of such localization was considered to be an indication to the removal of
      not more than 1/2 of the stomach. A necessary condition of pyloropreserving
      resection is the leaving of the pylorus zone not more than 2-3 cm. Two patients
      died (one from peritonitis and one from pulmonary insufficiency), 5 patients had
      disturbed evacuatory function of the stomach related with anastomosis. Long-term
      results were followed-up in 113 patients. All the patients returned to their
      normal activity, the pain syndrome disappeared, the dumping syndrome was absent.
      Complete inhibition of free hydrochloric acid was noted. There were no
      recurrences.

PMID- 3407090
TI  - [Intraoperative thermometry of blood vessels in varicose veins of the lower
      extremities].

PMID- 3407091
TI  - [Vein-sparing operations combined with endoscopic electrocoagulation of the
      communicating veins].

PMID- 3407092
TI  - [Complications of continuous intra-arterial infusion in patients with occlusive
      vascular diseases].

PMID- 3407093
TI  - [A distraction-surgical method of treatment of congenital clubfoot].

PMID- 3407094
TI  - [Operating the Irtysh-2MT atmosphere exposure chamber].

PMID- 3407095
TI  - [Normalization of bone regeneration by oxygen barotherapy].
AB  - Experimental studies in 60 rabbits with defects of the radius have shown that
      exposure to oxygenobarotherapy results in the greatest activization of
      osteoreparation in the early period after trauma with the formation of osseous
      matrix. The intensity of OBT sessions should be reduced along with the
      "maturation" of the osseous regenerate. The clinical application of OBT in 33
      patients with defects of long tubular bones contributed to shortening the terms
      of rehabilitation of such patients.

PMID- 3407096
TI  - Trabecular bone morphometry in beagles with hyperadrenocorticism and adrenal
      adenomas.
AB  - Trabecular bone morphometry was done on rib samples of beagles with
      hyperadrenocorticism and adrenal adenomas to evaluate bone loss and the
      remodeling changes responsible. Beagles diagnosed as having clinical
      hyperadrenocorticism and those with milder or subclinical hyperadrenocorticism
      diagnosed on the basis of adrenal and pituitary lesions at necropsy had increased
      adrenal and pituitary gland weights. In a group of dogs with adrenal cortical
      adenomas there was atrophy of remaining cortex, and the combined weight of
      adrenal glands or pituitary weights were not increased. In dogs with clinical
      hyperadrenocorticism, mean trabecular bone volume was 25% less than controls (P =
      0.10). In both clinical and subclinical hyperadrenocorticism groups, the extent
      of trabecular surface with unmineralized osteoid matrix and osteoblasts was
      significantly reduced. There were no changes in resorption surfaces or number of
      osteoclasts present. No bone changes were seen in dogs with adrenal adenomas. In
      dogs with hyperadrenocorticism it appeared that decreased bone formation was
      primarily responsible for the relative osteopenia that developed. Although
      parathyroid glands were moderately enlarged in those dogs for which weights were
      available, the bone changes were not those of increased remodeling expected in
      hyperparathyroidism.

PMID- 3407097
TI  - Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis of horses: an association with acute enteritis.
AB  - Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis was identified in 19 horses. In 16 cases mycotic
      lesions were associated with enterocolitis; 14 cases appeared to result from
      Salmonella infection. Pulmonary lesions included multifocal areas of acute
      necrosis, leukocytoclastic vasculitis, and thrombosis with fibrinosuppurative
      inflammation surrounding mycelial masses. Thromboemboli with fungi were in the
      brain and kidneys of three cases. Factors which appeared to predispose to
      pulmonary aspergillosis included corticosteroid therapy, disseminated neoplasms,
      hepatitis, pleuritis, and peritonitis. This study suggests that immunocompromise
      and invasion of Aspergillus sp. from damaged intestine are more important in
      causing equine pulmonary aspergillosis than inhalation of spores.

PMID- 3407098
TI  - Psoriatic plaques in Macaca fascicularis.
AB  - An adult male cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) developed erythematous
      plaques with adherent white scales on the skin. Microscopically, the epidermis
      had regular acanthosis with marked parakeratosis, focal absence of stratum
      granulosum, and spongiform pustules and Munro-like microabscesses. These
      histologic findings were suggestive of psoriasis vulgaris.

PMID- 3407099
TI  - Pneumonia in lambs inoculated with Bordetella parapertussis: bronchoalveolar
      lavage and ultrastructural studies.
AB  - Eight colostrum-deprived lambs were inoculated intratracheally with ovine
      isolates of Bordetella parapertussis. Fluids obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage
      had a large increase in total cell counts 24 hours after inoculation; up to 93%
      of cells were neutrophils. From 3 days after inoculation, the number of alveolar
      macrophages in lavage samples was markedly increased. From 5 days onwards, many
      alveolar macrophages had moderate to severe cytoplasmic vacuolation.
      Topographically, tracheal and bronchial epithelium was covered by a large amount
      of inflammatory exudate 24 hours after inoculation. Later, the tracheobronchial
      epithelium showed focal extrusions from ciliated cells, which were occasionally
      associated with B. parapertussis organisms. Ultrastructurally, cytopathological
      changes associated with B. parapertussis infection were mild focal degeneration
      of airway epithelium with slight loss of cilia, moderate to severe degeneration
      of type I and type II alveolar epithelial cells, and focal inflammation in the
      lungs. These results suggest that the primary targets of B. parapertussis
      infection are alveolar macrophages and the epithelial cells of bronchioles and
      alveoli.

PMID- 3407100
TI  - Effects of ethylenediaminetetra(methylenephosphonic acid) on endochondral
      ossification in broiler chicks.

PMID- 3407101
TI  - Persistence of secondary spongiosa in three calves.

PMID- 3407102
TI  - Cerebellar cortical degeneration in beagle dogs.

PMID- 3407103
TI  - Cerebral infarction with associated venous thrombosis in a dog.

PMID- 3407104
TI  - Naturally occurring schwannoma in a Fischer 344 rat.

PMID- 3407105
TI  - Porcine abortion caused by Actinomyces suis.

PMID- 3407106
TI  - Homozygous Pelger-Huet anomaly and chondrodysplasia in a stillborn kitten.

PMID- 3407107
TI  - Hyperostosis of the marrow cavity in mice.

PMID- 3407108
TI  - Health, welfare and fertility implications of the use of bovine somatotropin in
      dairy cattle.
AB  - Twenty-two Friesian and Friesian cross Ayrshire cows and 16 first lactation
      heifers were paired. Twenty were injected subcutaneously with 500 mg recombinant
      bovine somatotropin (sometribove) and 18 with a placebo at fortnightly intervals,
      starting 80 (+/- 7) days after calving, through the winter of 1986-87. The cows'
      weights and changes in condition, milk yields, milk solids, health and fertility
      were recorded regularly. Compound cake was fed at a fixed stepped rate according
      to the number of days since the cow calved. Silage was available on an easy-feed
      basis. Ten cows had their daily silage intake measured. Sometribove treated cows
      produced on average 27.7 kg of milk per day, 4.5 kg more than the controls.
      Treated heifers produced 23.5 kg per day, 2.5 kg more than the controls. Milk
      quality was unchanged. Treated cows gained weight during the trial, but not by as
      much as the controls. Control heifers also gained weight but the treated heifers
      lost, on average, 3 kg. Local reactions at the injection site were not felt to be
      of welfare concern, nor was the general effect of the extra milk production. A
      small number of treated animals experienced mastitis and had poorer fertility but
      the differences were mostly not statistically significant. If bovine somatotropin
      should become licensed for use in Britain it is recommended that clear guidelines
      should be issued on the management practices necessary for economic success and
      for the welfare of the treated animals.

PMID- 3407109
TI  - Digital dermatitis in dairy cattle.
AB  - A condition of digital dermatitis causing lameness in a dairy herd is described.
      The lesion was a small circumscribed area of epidermal inflammation in the skin
      immediately above the coronet between the bulbs of the heel. Topical treatment,
      consisting of excoriation and application of a gentian violet and tetracycline
      aerosol spray, was effective. Although the high incidence and rapid onset of the
      condition suggested an infectious cause, no organism was isolated consistently.

PMID- 3407110
TI  - A preliminary report on a prolonged release formulation of bovine somatotropin
      with particular reference to animal health.

PMID- 3407111
TI  - Activity of intraruminally administered levamisole against Ostertagia
      circumcincta in lambs.

PMID- 3407112
TI  - Pasteurella dacryocystitis in rabbits.

PMID- 3407113
TI  - A parvo tale.

PMID- 3407114
TI  - Obesity and cancer.

PMID- 3407115
TI  - Incorrect veterinary certification.

PMID- 3407116
TI  - Suspected congenital fasciola infection in a buffalo calf.

PMID- 3407117
TI  - Ureteropyelonephritis in a Friesian mare.
AB  - A 14-year-old Friesian breeding mare had strangury, depression, inappetence,
      neutrophilia and uraemia. Its urine had a low specific gravity and contained
      protein, blood cells and bacteria. Rectal examination showed that both kidneys
      and ureters were enlarged. Post mortem examination confirmed the diagnosis of
      pyelonephritis and revealed that small tumours in the vulva were probably the
      cause of the uropathy.

PMID- 3407118
TI  - Persistent activity of injectable ivermectin in the control of the cattle tick
      Boophilus microplus.

PMID- 3407119
TI  - Naturally occurring multiple intussusception in a large white boar.

PMID- 3407120
TI  - Bovine spongiform encephalopathy.

PMID- 3407121
TI  - Osteochondrosis.

PMID- 3407122
TI  - Vitamin E.

PMID- 3407124
TI  - Embryo transplants: ethical stance needed.

PMID- 3407123
TI  - Aujeszky's disease: need for economic review.

PMID- 3407125
TI  - Starting up in practice.

PMID- 3407126
TI  - New regulations for medicated feedingstuffs.
AB  - New legislation designed to protect the public from residues by providing better
      defined controls over the medicating of animal feedingstuffs begins to come into
      force from July 1. The 1985 Medicated Animal Feeding Stuffs Regulations have
      already closed a loophole whereby a POM product could be incorporated into feed
      and the resulting medicated feed sold without veterinary supervision. The new
      controls will require registration of manufacturers of medicated feedingstuffs
      including on farm mixers and impose conditions on the incorporation of medicines
      which are not licensed for in feed use (veterinary specials).

PMID- 3407127
TI  - Conjunctivitis, red nose and skin hypersensitivity as signs of food allergy in
      veal calves.
AB  - The severity of diarrhoea and the degree of hyperaemia of the conjunctiva and
      nose were recorded in veal calves being fattened on either cows milk or milk
      replacer. A skin-prick test using the milk-replacer as antigen was also
      performed. Control calves received only their mother's milk. Among these control
      calves there were no abnormalities, and in the calves fed other cows milk only
      slight abnormalities were seen. In contrast, in the calves fattened on milk
      replacer, and especially in the calves showing the 'cachexia' syndrome, there
      were moderate to severe abnormalities and clear correlations were found between
      the severity of the diarrhoea and the hyperaemia of the conjunctiva and nose, and
      the scores recorded in the skin-prick test.

PMID- 3407128
TI  - Oral transmission of Ehrlichia risticii resulting in Potomac horse fever.

PMID- 3407129
TI  - Prevalence of anthrax in emergency slaughtered food animals in Nigeria.

PMID- 3407130
TI  - Blowpipe permission.

PMID- 3407131
TI  - BSE: not a self evident diagnosis.

PMID- 3407132
TI  - Long-acting antibiotic preparations in racehorses.

PMID- 3407133
TI  - Unlicensed medicines.

PMID- 3407134
TI  - [Roentgenological characteristics of the motor-emptying functions of the stomach
      after selective proximal vagotomy].

PMID- 3407135
TI  - [Problem of gastric deformities in pancreatic cysts].

PMID- 3407136
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of limited small and large intestine invagination and an
      inflammatory process of the ileocecal valve].

PMID- 3407137
TI  - [Morphology and function of the ileocecal segment of the intestine].

PMID- 3407138
TI  - [Roentgenosemeiotics of the functional obstruction of the gastrointestinal tract
      caused by birth injuries of the spine and spinal cord in children].

PMID- 3407139
TI  - [Possibilities of increasing the effectiveness of cholecystocholangiography by
      the pharmacological preparation of the patients].

PMID- 3407140
TI  - [Roentgenological diagnosis of small-size (T1) esophageal cancer].

PMID- 3407141
TI  - [Various methodological aspects of improving percutaneous transhepatic
      cholangiography].

PMID- 3407142
TI  - [Value of endoscopic retrograde pancreatocholangiography in the diagnosis of
      diseases of the biliary tract associated with chronic hepatitis and liver
      cirrhosis].

PMID- 3407143
TI  - [Computerized tomographic signs of focal lesions of the liver].

PMID- 3407144
TI  - [Standardization of the roentgenological examination of the stomach].

PMID- 3407145
TI  - [The types of partial deformity of the lesser curvature of the stomach in various
      forms of cancer].

PMID- 3407146
TI  - [Plummer-Vinson syndrome associated with arteria lusoria].

PMID- 3407147
TI  - The precise structure and coding capacity of mRNAs from early region 2B of human
      adenovirus serotype 2.
AB  - Replication of human adenovirus (Ad) DNA requires three virus-encoded proteins
      that are coordinately transcribed from a single promoter at early times after
      infection. The mRNAs for two of these proteins, the precursor to the terminal
      protein (pTP) and the Ad DNA polymerase (Ad Pol), share several exons, including
      one encoded near Ad genome coordinate 39. The positions of the splice points of
      these mRNAs have been mapped by S1 nuclease mapping, by RNA sequencing, and by
      cDNA cloning. As a result of RNA splicing events, a short open reading frame
      (ORF) encoded at genome coordinate 39 is connected to the beginning of both the
      pTP and Ad Pol coding sequences; inclusion of this upstream ORF is essential for
      expression of functional pTP and Ad Pol proteins.

PMID- 3407148
TI  - Interaction of human adenovirus serotype 2 with human lymphoid cells.
AB  - Human adenoviruses (e.g., Ad2, Ad5) establish chronic infections in human
      lymphoid-derived cell lines, including Raji and Jijoye (R.E. Wallace, 1969, Proc.
      Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 130, 702-710; N. Faucon, G. Ogier, and Y. Chardonnet, 1982,
      J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 69, 1215-1220); however, the mechanisms by which chronic
      infections are established and maintained are not understood. When Raji or MOLT-3
      cell cultures were infected with Ad2 at high multiplicity, these cell lines
      continued to grow exponentially and produced only small amounts of infectious
      virus. Virus-specific antigens, including the DNA-binding protein and hexon, were
      expressed in only 5% of the Ad2-inoculated cultures. All Raji and MOLT-3 cells
      were found to have adenovirus receptors, but the Ad2 virions that adsorbed to
      most Raji cells were sequestered in caps, suggesting that most cells fail to
      internalize adsorbed Ad2. Cell synchronization experiments showed a correlation
      between the proportion of cells that became productively infected and the
      proportion of cells in mitosis at the time of infection. In contrast, primary
      blood lymphocytes had few, if any, Ad2 receptors and were not productively
      infected by Ad2.

PMID- 3407149
TI  - The structure of serotype H10 hemagglutinin of influenza A virus: comparison of
      an apathogenic avian and a mammalian strain pathogenic for mink.
AB  - The primary structure of the hemagglutinin of the apathogenic avian influenza
      virus A/chick/Germany/N/49 (H10N7) and of the serologically related strain
      A/mink/Sweden/84 (H10N4) pathogenic for mink has been elucidated by nucleotide
      sequence analysis, and the carbohydrates attached to the polypeptide have been
      determined. The H10 hemagglutinin has 65, 52, 46, 45, and 44% amino acid sequence
      homology with serotypes H7, H3, H1, H2, and H5, respectively. H10 and H7
      hemagglutinins are also most closely related in their glycosylation patterns.
      There is a high sequence homology between both H10 strains supporting the concept
      that the mink virus has obtained its hemagglutinin from an avian strain. The
      sequence homology includes the cleavage site which consists of a single arginine
      as is the case with most other hemagglutinins exhibiting low susceptibility to
      proteolytic activation. The similarity in hemagglutinin structure between both
      H10 strains is discussed in light of the distinct differences in the
      pathogenicity of both viruses.

PMID- 3407150
TI  - Antigenic and structural characterization of multiple subpopulations of H3N2
      influenza virus from an individual.
AB  - Influenza viruses grown in embryonated chicken eggs frequently possess
      antigenically distinguishable hemagglutinin (HA) compared to virus from the same
      source grown in mammalian cell culture. To further investigate the extent of
      variation among viruses from an individual, viruses were isolated from throat
      washes collected over a 48-hr period during infection with influenza virus
      designated A/Mem/6/86 (H3N2). Viruses were isolated from limit dilutions in eggs
      and mammalian Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells and the antigenic,
      structural, and receptor-binding properties of these viruses were determined.
      Viruses which could be isolated in MDCK cells were present at 10- to 100-fold
      higher frequency in the original sample than viruses which could be isolated in
      eggs. The HA of virus clones isolated in MDCK cells were antigenically and
      structurally identical. In contrast, viruses from the same source, selected at
      limit dilution in eggs, could be divided into three distinct subpopulations based
      on the distinguishable antigenic and structural characteristics of their HA
      molecules. The three groups of egg-grown viruses could be distinguished from each
      other, and from MDCK cell-grown viruses, not only by a panel of anti-HA
      monoclonal antibodies, but also by immune ferret sera raised to H3N2 virus
      strains of recent years and sera raised to the different egg-grown clones
      themselves. Of these groups, group 1 and group 2 egg-grown viruses each
      represented a minor subpopulation of viruses which could be isolated in eggs,
      while viruses of the third antigenic phenotype were the most frequently isolated
      in eggs. Amino acid substitutions in the HA of egg-grown viruses occurred in
      antigenic and receptor-binding sites of the molecule. Group 1 viruses each
      possessed two amino acid substitutions in their HA molecules at residues 193 and
      229 in HA1. Group 3 viruses, which displayed altered receptor specificities
      compared to MDCK cell-grown viruses and other egg-grown viruses, possessed a
      single amino acid substitution at residue 145 in HA1. The HA of the group 2 egg
      grown viruses appeared structurally identical, yet displayed marked differences
      in antigenic and receptor-binding properties, compared to viruses isolated in
      MDCK cells. These results demonstrate that multiple, distinct subpopulations of
      virus can be isolated from a single patient during an infection with influenza
      and highlights the potential problems in selecting the most appropriate virus for
      epidemiological and vaccine purposes since selection could result in the use of
      viruses that are not representative of those which predominate in a human
      population.

PMID- 3407151
TI  - In vitro replication and transcription of the segmented double-stranded RNA
      bacteriophage phi 6.
AB  - In vitro conditions that support viral-specific replication and transcription
      have been developed from Pseudomonas phaseolicola cells infected with the
      segmented double-stranded RNA bacteriophage phi 6. Transcription activity,
      previously shown to occur by semiconservative strand displacement, labeled (+)
      strands of all three genome segments and produced all three corresponding genome
      length messenger RNAs. Replication activity for each of the three double-stranded
      RNA segments is observed. Our criteria for replication were formation of genomic
      length double-stranded RNA products and at least (-) strand synthesis activity.
      Mn2+ and Sarkosyl together selectively inhibited transcription. Analysis of
      replication alone suggested that replication templates are the viral (+)
      messenger RNAs.

PMID- 3407152
TI  - Completion of the rabies virus genome sequence determination: highly conserved
      domains among the L (polymerase) proteins of unsegmented negative-strand RNA
      viruses.
AB  - We have now completed the rabies genome structure by the cloning and the
      sequencing of the entire L gene and the 5' untranscribed region. The L gene
      encodes a single open reading frame 2142 amino acids in length (244,206 Da) that
      corresponds to the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. In contrast with other
      isofunctional proteins, the rabies polymerase exhibits a high degree of homology
      with the vesicular stomatitis virus polymerase, and a lesser degree, although
      significant, with those of Sendai virus and Newcastle disease virus, which
      suggests a differential evolution of the different cistrons. We have observed
      several strongly conserved stretches which may designate the independent
      functional domains of this multifunctional protein. In addition to the
      conservation of related transcription signals (N. Tordo et al. (1986) Proc. Natl.
      Acad. Sci. USA 83, 3914-3918.), this highlights the striking selective pressure
      on elements involved in transcription and replication mechanisms, and provides
      further evidence for a common ancestry of Rhabdoviridae and Paramyxoviridae
      families. The terminal complementarity observed in the rabies genome suggests the
      conservation of important genomic signals.

PMID- 3407153
TI  - Characterization of phage-specific transfer RNA molecules coded by Vibrio eltor
      phage e4.
AB  - Transfer RNAs were isolated from phage e4-infected Vibrio eltor Mak 757 cells.
      These were aminoacylated with 14 individual 3H-labeled L-amino acids.
      Hybridization of these [3H]aminoacyl-tRNAs with phage e4 DNA revealed that the
      phage e4 encodes tRNAs for arginine, tryptophan, tyrosine, leucine, and
      isoleucine. Direct aminoacylation of phage-coded tRNA molecules isolated from
      phage DNA-RNA hybrids also confirmed this observation.

PMID- 3407154
TI  - Common injury evaluation and rehabilitation deficiencies in interscholastic
      football.

PMID- 3407155
TI  - Neuroleptic malignant syndrome and hyperosmolar coma. Case report.

PMID- 3407156
TI  - Medical education--three-legged stool or five-wheeled work chair?

PMID- 3407157
TI  - The yin and yang of medical practice.

PMID- 3407158
TI  - Why isn't every woman over 40 in a breast cancer detection program?
AB  - Mortality from breast cancer may be reduced by more than 10,000 deaths per year
      in this country if the recommendations for screening all asymptomatic women older
      than 40 years for breast cancer, issued in 1982 by the American Cancer Society
      and the American College of Radiology, are followed. Compliance with those
      recommendations six years later is poor, even in well-to-do, medically served
      populations, primarily because of poor compliance by physicians. Radiation risk
      is an often-cited concern, although it has been shown to be an insignificant
      factor in breast cancer screening. High cost, also cited as a concern, is less of
      a problem-the charges for mammography having declined steeply in the past few
      years. At the current price levels, it makes financial and humanitarian sense to
      provide screening rather than terminal care for metastatic breast cancer. The
      third concern cited by physicians, that of diagnostic accuracy, must be addressed
      by a careful and accurate statistical description of the results of each
      screening program. Sensitivity of more than 80% with positive predictive values
      of about a third can be achieved.

PMID- 3407159
TI  - Nd:YAG laser therapy in pulmonary medicine.

PMID- 3407160
TI  - Delta hepatitis in Denver.
AB  - The prevalence of hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection in patients with hepatitis B
      virus (HBV) infection in the mid-United States is not well defined. We tested 65
      patients seen between 1983 and 1986 with HBV infection in Denver for evidence of
      coexisting HDV infection. Five patients had anti-delta (delta) antibody. The
      prevalence of HDV infection was higher in patients with chronic hepatitis B
      (4/37) than in patients with acute hepatitis B (1/28). The prevalence of HDV
      infection in male homosexuals (3/32) was similar to reported figures, but the
      incidence of delta-infection in intravenous drug users in Denver was usually low
      (1/16). In comparison to Los Angeles, New York, southern Italy, and Sweden,
      Denver appears to have a low incidence of HDV infection, which probably reflects
      its low prevalence in the drug-using population.

PMID- 3407161
TI  - Malignant melanoma--profile of an epidemic.
AB  - Cutaneous malignant melanoma is occurring in epidemic proportions in the United
      States. To provide a profile of persons at risk and the epidemiologic features of
      malignant melanoma, we reviewed the records of 325 patients with cutaneous
      malignant melanoma seen at the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center
      between 1973 and 1983. Most patients had fair skin, brown or blonde hair, blue or
      green eyes, and had difficulty in suntanning. The majority of melanomas (72%)
      developed in preexisting nevi. In women, melanomas were most common on the
      extremities, and in men they occurred most frequently on the trunk, head or neck.
      The most frequently noted depth of invasion was Clark's level IV. At diagnosis,
      most of the patients (77%) were at stage I. We conclude that malignant melanoma
      constitutes a major disease problem in the western United States that is largely
      preventable with appropriate physician and patient education.

PMID- 3407162
TI  - AIDS.

PMID- 3407163
TI  - On specialized centers for patient care.

PMID- 3407164
TI  - Neurosyphilis.

PMID- 3407165
TI  - Gastroesophageal reflux--the great imitator.

PMID- 3407166
TI  - Coccidioidomycotic brain abscess in an HIV-infected man.

PMID- 3407168
TI  - Cocaine-associated rhabdomyolysis.

PMID- 3407167
TI  - Congestive heart failure and sudden death in a young woman with thyrotoxicosis.

PMID- 3407169
TI  - Piroxicam and doxepin in pain management.

PMID- 3407170
TI  - Safe needles.

PMID- 3407171
TI  - Cerebral blood circulation and brain death.

PMID- 3407172
TI  - Screening mammography.
AB  - Breast cancer is the most commonly occurring cancer in women and, until recently
      surpassed by lung cancer, was the leading cause of cancer-related death in women.
      It is the leading cause of death in women aged 39 to 44 years. The American
      Cancer Society has estimated that there will be 135,000 new cases of breast
      cancer and 42,300 breast cancer-related deaths in 1988. It is now predicted that
      breast cancer will develop in one out of every ten women in the United States.
      Given the clinical and public health significance of breast cancer, annual
      screening with mammography and clinical breast examination is recommended for
      women aged 50 and older to reduce breast cancer mortality.

PMID- 3407174
TI  - [Intolerance of non-gluten food in children with suspected celiac disease].

PMID- 3407173
TI  - Outcomes of regionalized perinatal care in Washington State.
AB  - We evaluated the extent to which the regionalization of perinatal care in
      Washington State has succeeded in concentrating high-risk pregnancies in
      technologically appropriate referral centers and in reducing differences in
      neonatal outcome among hospitals. Of all infants weighing less than 1,500 grams
      born between 1980 and 1983, nearly 68% were delivered in level III hospitals,
      although only 24% of all babies are born in these hospitals, indicating that the
      state is highly regionalized. Neonatal outcomes-as measured by standardized
      mortality ratios-are similar in level I, II and III hospitals and are not greatly
      influenced by the rural or urban location of the hospital. The most promising
      strategy for further reducing neonatal mortality is to decrease the number and
      proportion of very-low-birth-weight births.

PMID- 3407175
TI  - [Clinico-immunological evaluation of food-related reactions in children with
      intolerance to cow milk proteins].

PMID- 3407176
TI  - [Evaluation of the activities of a center qualifying the patients for rabies
      vaccination].

PMID- 3407177
TI  - [Familial occurrence of Crouzon's syndrome].

PMID- 3407178
TI  - [Difficulties in the diagnosis and treatment of ruptured aneurysm of the
      abdominal aorta in a regional hospital].

PMID- 3407179
TI  - [Pedunculated inflammatory polyp causing jejunal obstruction].

PMID- 3407180
TI  - [Genital actinomycosis].

PMID- 3407181
TI  - [4 cases of pulmonary embolism].

PMID- 3407182
TI  - [Extensive pelvic endometriosis].

PMID- 3407183
TI  - [Renal diabetes insipidus in a 3-week-old infant].

PMID- 3407184
TI  - [Auricular skin cancer and the problem of reconstruction].

PMID- 3407185
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of urogenital injuries].

PMID- 3407186
TI  - [Pneumonia in newborn infants and children up to 18 years of age].

PMID- 3407187
TI  - [Cigarette smoking and the development of duodenogastric reflux].

PMID- 3407188
TI  - [The role of professional medical personnel in the restoration of the proper
      status of natural feeding].

PMID- 3407189
TI  - [Motives for undertaking, abandoning and earlier cessation of natural feeding
      among women after prenatal preparation for labor].

PMID- 3407190
TI  - [Evaluation of oral hygiene in women during pregnancy].

PMID- 3407191
TI  - [Medical progress--exemplified by endocrine surgery].

PMID- 3407192
TI  - Local recurrence of papillary thyroid carcinoma after unilateral or bilateral
      thyroidectomy.
AB  - Because prospective, randomized studies on papillary carcinoma of the thyroid are
      lacking, the results of retrospective studies from the basis of our present
      knowledge. To assess differences in treatment modalities, the patient groups must
      be comparable. A prognostic score has been devised by the use of multivariate
      analysis which can accurately distinguish patients at various levels of risk for
      disease-related mortality. To obtain the score, the calculated contributions of
      four significant variables are added. These variables are Age, tumor Grade,
      Extent, and Size (AGES). Using this scoring system, locally recurrent papillary
      thyroid carcinoma was studied in 816 patients primarily treated at the Mayo
      Clinic between 1946 and 1970. Locally recurrent disease developed in 54 (6.6%)
      patients, with the highest risk of occurrence in the first five years following
      initial thyroidectomy. Both in low- and high-risk patients, patients who had
      undergone unilateral thyroid resection had significantly more local recurrences
      than those with bilateral resections. However, there was no such difference when
      comparing subtotal to total thyroidectomy. Even though local disease was the
      cause of death in over one-half of the patients who died of thyroid cancer, this
      represented less than two percent of the entire series. From analysis of these
      data, bilateral resection - but not necessarily total thyroidectomy - with
      specific care to preserve both recurrent laryngeal nerves and at least one
      parathyroid gland in situ, seems to provide optimal treatment. When recurrence
      does occur, it appears worthwhile to attempt further surgical resection.

PMID- 3407193
TI  - Recent results of reoperative surgery in medullary carcinoma of the thyroid.
AB  - Reoperative surgery of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid can be avoided by
      meticulous primary surgery. Reoperative surgery can succeed even if the tumour
      and its metastases are bilateral, as is often the case in hereditary cases. Even
      patients with numerous macroscopic metastases can show normaligation of their
      calcitonin (CT) levels in response to reoperative surgery. Patients with normal
      postoperative CT values after the combined short time Ca++ and pentagastrin test
      continued to show normal results when followed up for up to eight years.

PMID- 3407194
TI  - [Technics and complications in reinterventions on the thyroid].
AB  - In preference to the two long-established operative procedures for recurrent
      goitre - extracapsular and intracapsular resection - we have introduced
      meticulous preparation between the thin capsule around the recurrent goitre and
      the more solid external capsule in a procedure which combines the advantages of
      both older methods and avoids most of their pitfalls. The recurrent laryngeal
      nerves and the parathyroids are always outside the external capsule. The
      incidence of injury to these structures is minimised by this procedure. From 1980
      1985 we performed 2575 thyroid operations, of which 165 operations were for
      recurrent goitre (6.4%), bilateral in 89 cases. Two patients died of
      cardiopulmonary complications (1.2%). Preoperative laryngeal nerve palsy was
      present in 21 cases, postoperative acquired nerve injuries occurred in 28
      patients, all in all 31 nerve paralysis (18.8%), or 12.2% when compared with
      nerves at risk. Eight patients suffered laryngeal nerve palsy on both sides (five
      with preoperative nerve palsy on one side). Eleven patients showed normal
      function of laryngeal nerves on follow-up, whilst permanent nerve palsy was found
      in seventeen cases (10.3%), or 6.7% when related to nerves at risk.
      Hypoparathyroidism was found in 7 patients of which 4 cases showed permanent
      changes (2.4%).

PMID- 3407195
TI  - [Subtotal thyroidectomy as a superior therapeutic principle in the treatment of
      endocrine ophthalmopathy: a comparison with retrobulbar irradiation and
      thyrostatic therapy alone].
AB  - In order to investigate the influence of near total thyroidectomy on the course
      of endocrine ophthalmopathy (E.O.) in patients with Graves' disease, 29 patients
      with goitre and E.O. were classified before and after (up to 18 months) operation
      by use of a special ophthalmopathy index. 14 patients without goitre served as
      controls; they get only antithyroid drug treatment (ADT) (E.O. I and II, n = 7)
      or additional retoorbital irradiation (E.O. III and IV, n = 7, linear
      accelerator, 20 Gray). 20 out of 29 operated patients showed an improvement in
      the E.O., 4 a deterioration, 5 were unchanged. 3 out of 7 not operated patients
      with mild E.O. showed an amelioration during ADT, 4 no change. Additional
      radiotherapy in 7 patients with severe E.O. caused an improvement in the clinical
      condition of 3 patients, 3 patients deteriorated and 1 patient showed no change.
      It is concluded that adequate near total thyroidectomy has a positive effect on
      the clinical course of E.O. in patients with Graves' disease and E.O.

PMID- 3407196
TI  - [Reoperations in persistent and recurrent secondary hyperparathyroidism].
AB  - Among 181 patients who had been surgically treated in the Department of Surgery,
      Mainz University, for secondary hyperparathyroidism between 1975 and 1986, 33 had
      to be reoperated because of persistent or recurrent disease or because of failing
      autotransplanted tissue after total parathyroidectomy and autotransplantation. In
      17 patients 26 reoperations had to be performed in the neck; in 9 patients, 3 of
      whom are already included in the group mentioned before, autotransplanted tissue
      had to be reduced eleven times. In another 10 patients autologous, cryopreserved
      tissue was replanted. 15 of the 17 patients reoperated in the neck became
      normocalcaemic, postoperatively, as well as 7 out of 9 patients in whom the
      autotransplanted tissue had been partially taken off. The results with
      replantation of cryopreserved tissue are being published in a separate article in
      this volume.

PMID- 3407197
TI  - [Recurrent renal hyperparathyroidism: reoperation on the autograft].
AB  - Graft-dependent recurrence was observed 24 and 27 months after total
      parathyroidectomy and immediate autotransplantation in 2 out of 35 haemodialized
      patients (6%) with reactive (renal) hyperparathyroidism. In order to normalize
      the altered parathyroid metabolism in these 2 patients 7 reductions of the graft
      have been required so far in the patients and cervico-mediastinal reexploration
      was necessary as an additional procedure in one of the patients. Histological
      examination of the more or less enlarged fragments showed nearly the same
      architecture as the original glands used for grafting. Proliferating chief cell
      nodules with mitoses and signs of expansive, but never invasive growth were seen.
      Reviewing the literature, 38 authors describe 61 graft-dependent recurrences in
      783 patients (7.8%) since 1975. Our own experiences and those in literature are
      discussed with respect to diagnosis, differential diagnosis, localization and
      histology of the graft-dependent recurrence.

PMID- 3407198
TI  - [Acute abdomen in unrecognized hyperparathyroidism].
AB  - The incidence of acute abdomen in patients with unrecognised hyperparathyroidism
      (HPT) was investigated in 61 patients with primary and 15 patients with secondary
      HPT, operated on at the Surgical University Department in Dusseldorf between 4/86
      and 10/87. In seven patients (9%) an acute abdomen occurred preoperatively
      (bleeding ulcer n = 3, ulcer perforation n = 1, acute pancreatitis n = 3).
      Recurrent gastrointestinal disease was observed in 20 of the 76 Patients (28%).
      The fast and surprising clinical recovery of patients with pancreatitis and HPT
      after operation of the HPT support the assumption of a causal relation between
      hyperparathyroidism and pancreatitis. The importance of hypercalcaemia and HPT as
      causative factors in gastrointestinal ulcers, remains uncertain, however.
      Possible acute abdominal emergencies in the clinical course of primary
      hyperparathyroidism support the indication for early operation.

PMID- 3407199
TI  - [Stress management in migraine].
AB  - The aim of this study was to investigate the physiological and psychological
      mechanisms underlying migraine, 21 patients with migraine, 21 healthy controls
      and a group of 21 asthmatics participated in the investigation. All patients and
      controls were female. Using flicker frequency analysis we determined unspecific
      cortical activation, whereas autonomic activation was measured by means of the
      skin conductance level and the skin conductance response. Furthermore, stress
      management was objectivated by a self-rating scale (SVF). Our findings suggest
      the hypothesis of inadequate regulation of autonomic especially sympathetic
      reactions, which along with inadequate stress overcoming mechanisms appear to be
      of importance in the triggering of migraine attacks.

PMID- 3407201
TI  - [Official protocol of the Society of Physicians in Vienna. 29 April 1988 session.
      Tumor markers].

PMID- 3407200
TI  - [The function of lytic effector cells in schizophrenic patients].
AB  - The present study aimed at elucidating lytic effector cell function in 32
      schizophrenic patients and comparing the results with data obtained in 27 normal
      probands. Natural killer cell (NK) activity and antibody dependent cellular
      cytotoxicity (ADCC) were tested. Schizophrenics did not differ from normal
      controls in either test system. Within the schizophrenic group, higher NK
      activity was detected in patients with neuroleptic monotherapy (p less than
      0.05). Patients given a combination of neuroleptics, antidepressants and/or
      lithium did not differ from drug-free patients in either test system. There was
      no influence of psychopathological variables on lytic effector cell function.

PMID- 3407203
TI  - [Comment on the article by W.M. Hoppff, "Neomysticism in Medicine", Wiener
      medizinische Wochenschrift, Issue 23/1987].

PMID- 3407202
TI  - [Hyperlipoproteinemia in primary gout and asymptomatic hyperuricemia].
AB  - More than 800 patients suffering from primary gout or asymptomatic hyperuricemia
      were examined for the values of total cholesterol and triglycerides and the
      pattern of lipoproteins. The values for HDL (high-density-lipoprotein = alpha
      lipoprotein), LDL (low-density-lipoprotein = beta-lipoprotein) and VLDL (very-low
      density-lipoprotein = pre-beta-lipoprotein), found in lipid electrophoresis, were
      significant abnormal as well in the group of patients with gout (n = 147) as in
      the group of patients with asymptomatic hyperuricemia (n = 700) versus the
      healthy controls. It was remarkable, that the values of lipoproteins in
      asymptomatic hyperuricemia almost were abnormal just as often as in primary gout.
      Approximately 80% of both groups showed an increased LDL, around 35% a decreased
      HDL, and an increased VLDL was found in 72% of patients with gout and in 54% of
      asymptomatic hyperuricemia. Pathological changes of all lipoproteins (HDL, LDL
      and VLDL) appeared in 23% of patients with gout and in 20% of patients with
      asymptomatic hyperuricemia. Only 2.7% of patients with gout and 4.8% with
      hyperuricemia showed a normal lipometabolism.

PMID- 3407204
TI  - [Round table discussion "Josamycin and macrophages: a preferred relationship].

PMID- 3407205
TI  - [Contraindications and termination of resuscitation].
AB  - The physician's task is to recognize the patient who is not going to benefit from
      the cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR). He is obliged to decide whether the CPR
      should be initiated at all, or should it be terminated if already started. Two
      points are to be considered: the natural history of the present illness and the
      wish of the patient. Acting against those rules injures the patient's dignity and
      makes the unavoidable dying longer.

PMID- 3407206
TI  - [Workshop 1987. The Working Group on Clinical Respiratory Physiology. Linz, 15-17
      October 1987. Abstracts].

PMID- 3407207
TI  - [Treatment of mentally abnormal offenders in the Gollersdorf legal institution].
AB  - The Austrian penal reform of 1975 offered the legal basis for the opening of the
      Justizanstalt Gollersdorf, an institution for the inpatient-treatment of mentally
      ill offenders in 1985. After a short survey about comparable institutions in
      other countries the paper explains the structural and hierarchical principles and
      the problems of distributions of competences, the latter caused by the doubtful
      position between psychiatric hospital and prison. The therapeutical strategies
      and the diagnoses, delicts, and diagnosis/delict constellations of 178 patients
      treated between January 1985 and July 1st 1987 are presented. Despite difficult
      structural and external conditions the Justizanstalt Gollersdorf is able to refer
      to a number of successes. New legal conditions coming into force since March 1st
      1988 could support the development of the Justizanstalt Gollersdorf as a
      primarily therapeutic institution.

PMID- 3407208
TI  - [Computer-assisted determination of rigidity in the differentiation of
      psychopathologic groups].
AB  - The measurement of rigidity and perseveration respectively gets increasing
      importance in clinical psychodiagnostics. Recently we have developed a computer
      assisted technique which allows to get information about inadequate persisting in
      psychic processes and behaviour within shortest time and to differentiate between
      psychopathological groups. 257 patients of both sexes who came for elucidation of
      their disorders to the department of clinical psychodiagnostics were
      investigated. The most significant differences between the groups were found in
      redundance of second degree (the patient has to press 10 buttons indiscriminately
      according to the beat of a metronom--standard condition) and in personal speed
      (the patient has to press 10 buttons as fast as possible--speed condition).
      Furthermore the psychopathological groups were ranged in the particular variables
      of rigidity according to their mean values and their average ranges the
      schizophrenics and effective psychoses were characterized by a high tendency of
      perseveration while the neurotics, patients with organic brain syndrome and
      alcohol and drug dependents showed more flexibility.

PMID- 3407209
TI  - [Pathogens in neonatal infection and their resistance properties].
AB  - Among 1252 consecutively treated intensive-neonatologic patients during the years
      1985 to 1987 79 cases (= 6.5%) of neonatal septicemia were diagnosed by positive
      blood- and/or cerebrospinal fluid cultures. The relation between early onset type
      (up to the 4th day of life) and late onset type was 4:1. The most frequent
      pathogen was Staphylococcus epidermidis (40% of early onset type, 56% of late
      onset type) followed in the case of early onset type by Listeria monocytogenes
      (13%), Streptococci (11%), E. coli (11%) and Staphylococcus aureus (10%).
      Susceptibility to antibiotics is described. Primary therapy of early onset type
      septicemia must be effective against Listeria monocytogenes and Streptococci. We
      recommend a combination of a beta-lactam- and an aminoglycosid antibiotic. In
      case of late onset type we used a cephalosporin in combination with netilmycin.
      The importance of good hospital hygiene, frequent blood cultures and correct
      application of aminoglycosid antibiotics is pointed out.

PMID- 3407210
TI  - Characteristics of freebase cocaine psychosis.
AB  - Psychosis was present in 29 percent of cocaine-disordered patients hospitalized
      in 1985 during an epidemic of freebase cocaine abuse in the Bahamas. Record
      reviews revealed that a variety of psychotic phenomenologic patterns were
      present. Prior major mental disorders and increased dosage of cocaine were more
      common among psychotic than non-psychotic patients. Violent behavior was common
      among cocaine patients, especially those with psychosis. We conclude that
      freebase cocaine psychosis is neither rare nor benign.

PMID- 3407211
TI  - 800-COCAINE: origin, significance, and findings.
AB  - 1-800 COCAINE has provided assistance to over two million callers to date. It has
      supplied epidemiologic data regarding cocaine use, with increasing proportions of
      female users since 1983, decrease in average age and income of callers since
      1983, and numerous social and medical consequences of use. In addition, it has
      provided data regarding timing of the progression of cocaine abuse and
      confirmation that cocaine abuse is an addictive illness for those calling to seek
      help. It has corroborated other studies in documenting the psychosocial and
      medical consequences of addiction and has been a source of insight into trends in
      cocaine addiction. 800-COCAINE is, by its existence and name recognition, a
      primary prevention project.

PMID- 3407212
TI  - [Patients of advanced age from the viewpoint of dental and medical students].
AB  - Medical students and students of dentistry was interviewed with regard to their
      opinions about old people and the value of the studies under the aspect of
      preparation for the medical care of old patients. From 1.006 students, 238 was
      random selected. The investigation was carried out with help of a questionnaire,
      contained 53 parameters. In the majority of students positive opinions about old
      peoples found. On the other hand defects in the education was demonstrated.
      Concluding proposals are given for the improvement of studies.

PMID- 3407213
TI  - [Role of some predisposing factors for the age of manifestation of disease-
      results of a study].

PMID- 3407214
TI  - [Hypertensive disease and myocardial infarct--results of a retrospective follow
      up study].

PMID- 3407215
TI  - [Effect of sports participation on the physical aging process].
AB  - Ageing is determined by the laws of nature. But pace and course of ageing
      processes depend to a certain degree on environmental factors and particularly on
      the way of life. The individual maintains with advancing age an adaptability to
      physically shaping stimuli. The effects of regular physical activity can be
      assessed in elderly persons as beneficial modifications in bodily structure and
      function. On the other hand ageing and lack of physical performance capacity
      demonstrate numerous analogies. The manifestation of a number of (mostly chronic)
      diseases is promoted by ageing and by hypokinesia. The adaptive consequences of
      an adequate activity of the largest organ of the body, the musculature, are in a
      phenomenological contrast to essential processes of ageing. A good state of
      exercise-induced adaptation is an effective component in prophylaxis and in
      establishing a relatively low biological age.

PMID- 3407216
TI  - [Aging and normal physical values].
AB  - The physical features of healthy persons demonstrate considerable modifications
      in the range of the potential for extragenetic adaptation. The functional
      capacity is not identical in the total spectrum of adaptation; under the aspect
      of a wide adaptive scope physiological findings must also be evaluated against
      the background of normality. A minimal norm, a norm of the majority, an ideal
      norm and a special norm can be confirmed. The minimal norm is the border between
      physiology and pathology. The norm of the majority is the average of the healthy
      population. The ideal norm is characterized by an optimum of functional
      efficiency. The special norm is a prerequisite for special physical activities
      and high performances. The concept of normality as dependent on exercise-induced
      adaptation is relatively well established for persons in the so-called age of
      highest physical performance capacity. In this presentation the attempt is made
      to transfer the afore-mentioned concept of normality to the situation in later
      periods of life. The body is lifelong adaptable, but the position of the four
      categories of norms changes in the course of life. An efficient classification of
      norms based on exercise-induced adaptations is for older individuals of
      particular importance as these persons are at present to a high degree affected
      by hypokinesia with a subsequent maladaptation (atrophy).

PMID- 3407218
TI  - [Effect of body weight on the prognosis of the diabetic patient].

PMID- 3407217
TI  - [Reflections on the need for geropsychiatric management in a rural district].
AB  - It is reported about results of a pilot study to the investigation of the
      geropsychiatric care demand for the district Haldensleben and conclusions to the
      geronto-psychiatric care structure of organization are added.

PMID- 3407219
TI  - [Patient education by the pharmacist].

PMID- 3407220
TI  - [Eosinophilic fasciitis (Shulman syndrome)--a contribution to the differential
      diagnosis of sclerodermiform diseases].

PMID- 3407221
TI  - [Danger of HIV infection in public health].

PMID- 3407222
TI  - [The role of esophageal manometry in the diagnosis and therapy of achalasia].

PMID- 3407223
TI  - [Problems of prehospital emergency management by rapid medical aid (from the
      viewpoint of a clinical treatment facility].

PMID- 3407224
TI  - [Burn scars of the lower extremities and chronic venous insufficiency].

PMID- 3407225
TI  - [Infections caused by intradermal electrodes in children].

PMID- 3407226
TI  - [The legal aspects in relation to the assessment and certification of requested
      work release for the care of sick children].

PMID- 3407227
TI  - [Comment on the work of E. Chirrek, Ch. Donalies and U. Korner "The applicability
      of personality concepts in the severely mentally retarded" in Z. arztl. Fortbild.
      79 (1985), 1003-1005].

PMID- 3407228
TI  - [Infectiology--status, development and problems].

PMID- 3407229
TI  - [Emotional impression of prosodic speech markers].

PMID- 3407230
TI  - [Changes or effort? An evaluation of 2 theories of time judgment].

PMID- 3407231
TI  - [Perceptual and conceptual constituents of stored experiences].

PMID- 3407232
TI  - [Use of speech and esthetic judgment].

PMID- 3407233
TI  - [Motor activity and verbal learning performance--increase in performance by
      simultaneous processing?].

PMID- 3407234
TI  - [Effect of emotions on a pattern-matching comparison].

PMID- 3407235
TI  - [Morphologic aspects of chronic obstructive lung diseases and their clinical
      relevance].
AB  - A short review is given concerning the different possibilities of chronic
      obstructive lung changes in important lung diseases (chronic bronchitis, asthma
      bronchiale, emphysema). Similarities and differences in the morphological picture
      of the bronchial system between these diseases are discussed.

PMID- 3407236
TI  - [Disorders in the contact phase system of blood coagulation as a cause of
      increased partial thromboplastin time].
AB  - Deficiency conditions in the contact phase system of the blood coagulation belong
      to the rare hereditary defects. Clinically, there is as a rule no inclination to
      haemorrhage but an increased risk of thrombosis. Therefore, the diagnosis is
      frequently made on the basis of incidental findings within the framework of
      routine examinations. Indicating sign is a greatly prolonged partial
      thromboplastin time (PTT) without clinical signs of haemorrhage. 3 patients with
      factor XII deficiency are presented and the diagnostic method in prolonged PTT is
      explained.

PMID- 3407237
TI  - [The significance of systolic time intervals in the dipyridamole test for the
      diagnosis of coronary disease].
AB  - The investigations concerning the significance of the systolic time intervals in
      the dipyridamole test for the diagnosis of the coronary heart disease were
      carried out in 15 healthy test persons and 40 patients with coronary heart
      disease. Apart from the systolic time intervals calculated according to Weissler
      and co-workers also the behaviour of the ST segment, the R wave in lead V5 (RV5)
      and the sum of the amplitudes of the R waves (sigma R) were estimated concerning
      sensitivity, specifity and predictive value. At a sensitivity of 65% for the
      behaviour of the ST segment under influence of the dipyridamole test this was
      smaller for RV 5, sigma R, ICT and LVET/S1S2, on the other hand greater for PEPI
      and OS2I (p less than 0.05). The other time intervals did not differ in their
      sensitivity to the ST segment. The specifity and the predictive confirming value
      were 100% for the changes of the ST segment. In the analysis of the other
      parameters no differences were stated (p greater than 0.05). The predictive
      value, excluding a coronary heart disease, was 51.7% for the ST segment and still
      higher for PEPI and OS2I (p less than 0.05). By the analysis of the systolic time
      intervals the diagnosis value of the dipyridamole test continues to increase.

PMID- 3407238
TI  - [Acute changes in global and regional systolic heart function caused by
      pentoxifylline in patients with and without coronary sclerosis].
AB  - In 36 patients with angina pectoris during complex invasive diagnostic procedure
      the changes of global and regional systolic heart function by intravenous
      application of 200 mg pentoxifylline were examined. We observed a significant
      decrease of preload (reduction of LVEDP and MCS, LVEDV was not influenced) and an
      improvement of myocardial pump function, possibly combined with a favourable
      influence on alterated myocardial blood supply. In case of perfusion disturbances
      of the LV anterior wall the pentoxifylline injection was followed by signs of
      coronary-steal-mechanism in the LV posterior wall region. We did not found
      significant changes of afterload. Thus the acute hemodynamic effects of an
      intravenous application of pentoxifylline are comparable with those of nitrates
      and non-glycoside-cardiotonic substances with a predominant myocardial effect.

PMID- 3407239
TI  - [A case report of pharyngeal diphtheria].
AB  - Report about a case of toxic diphtheria in a 25-years-old woman. In consideration
      of new findings about the serum antibody level to diphtheria toxin in the
      population of the GDR the speciality in this case is described. The risk of
      possibility on more diseases is demonstrated. In result of all findings will it
      be necessary, that the disease of diphtheria must be recapitulated. It must bear
      in mind, that such severe cases can be avoided by systematic revaccination even
      of adults.

PMID- 3407240
TI  - [Perforation of the ventricular septum by a temporary pacemaker catheter].
AB  - Report on a 83-year-old woman with perforation of the ventricular septum by an
      electrode catheter as complication of a transvenous endocardial stimulation.
      Discussion of the various complications as well as of the diagnostics and
      therapy.

PMID- 3407241
TI  - Dopamine delays gastric emptying and induces retrograde power contractions with
      enterogastric reflux.
AB  - The purpose of the study was to elucidate the effects of dopamine on
      gastroduodenal motility and gastric emptying of an acaloric viscous meal. In four
      conscious dogs, antral, pyloric and duodenal contractions were recorded with
      extraluminal strain gage force transducers and induction coils. Gastric emptying
      was assessed radiographically. Dopamine at low dose (5 micrograms/kg x min)
      significantly diminished gastric emptying. It was mainly caused by a reduction in
      the contraction force of the antral waves. Dopamine at higher dose (10-15
      micrograms/kg x min) induced retrograde power contractions accompanied by
      enterogastric reflux. When the dopamine infusion was stopped after the occurrence
      of a reverse power contraction, the antrum exhibited forceful contractions but
      gastric emptying ceased due to a profound decrease in antral tone. The results
      suggest that dopamine 1) inhibits gastric emptying of viscous meals, 2) induces
      reverse power contractions independently from vomiting, and that 3) antral tone
      is a basic requirement for gastric emptying of viscous meals.

PMID- 3407243
TI  - [Curative treatment of colorectal cancer only by endoscopic polypectomy?].

PMID- 3407242
TI  - [Endoscopic and surgical therapy of malignant colorectal polyps].
AB  - 87 malignant colorectal polyps were removed in 81 patients by endoscopic
      polypectomy from 1972 until 1987. Thereafter 34 of these patients had a surgical
      resection of the colon. Surgical resection was performed for incomplete excision
      of the polyp (20 x), for tumor invasion of the lymphics in the polyp stalk and
      for moderately/poor differentiated carcinoma. In 6 patients a residual carcinoma
      was detected in the removed colon specimen, but lymph-node metastasis only in one
      with moderate-differentiated carcinoma. Our results demonstrate that colorectal
      polyps with invasive well-differentiated carcinoma and tumor free base do not
      need a surgical resection. Patients of the high-risk-group (moderately/poor
      differentiated carcinoma, invasion of blood vessels and lymphatics, incomplete
      excision), should be referred to further surgical resection. With regard to the
      low rate of metastatic spread even in patients with high-risk-polyps accurate
      differentiation seems to be necessary. In 19 out of 52 (36.5%) patients
      endoscopic control examinations after surgical or endoscopic resection revealed
      recurrent pathological findings. On the base of the presented data we conclude
      that there is a need for short-term endoscopic controls over a period of five
      years.

PMID- 3407244
TI  - [Position on pro and contra--premedication in endoscopic studies].

PMID- 3407245
TI  - ["Normal" malabsorption of carbohydrates].

PMID- 3407246
TI  - Effect of altered gastric emptying on caffeine absorption.
AB  - The effect of altered gastric emptying on caffeine absorption (tablets; 366.1 mg)
      was studied in patients with gastric stasis or after Billroth II partial
      gastrectomy with adequate gastric emptying and in healthy subjects with slowed
      gastric emptying due to a fibre-free and a fibre-rich liquid test meal of an
      elemental diet, respectively. Compared with controls (n = 15), a significantly
      slowed caffeine absorption was found in gastric stasis (n = 8) by means of a
      lower absorption rate constant KA (0.018 +/- 0.007 vs. 0.122 +/- 0.110 min-1 in
      controls) and a prolonged peak time tmax (160 +/- 77 vs. 46 +/- 19 min). Similar
      results were obtained after a fibre-free and a fibre-rich liquid test meal,
      respectively (n = 8 and n = 8, respectively; KA 0.035 +/- 0.01 and 0.035 +/-
      0.023 min-1, respectively; tmax 91 +/- 24 and 93 +/- 23 min, respectively vs. KA
      0.10 +/- 0.06 min-1 and tmax 50 +/- 14 min in controls; n = 7). After B II with
      adequate gastric emptying (n = 11) the absorption rate was within the normal
      range. The significantly lower average of the peak concentration cmax and of the
      area under the serum concentration-time curve x elimination rate constant (AUC x
      KE) in gastric stasis (5.9 +/- 1.8 micrograms/ml and 8.9 +/- 3.2 mg/l,
      respectively) and after B II partial gastrectomy (8.8 +/- 2.6 micrograms/ml and
      10.8 +/- 3.0 mg/l, respectively) compared with controls (17.7 +/- 9.4
      micrograms/ml and 20.8 +/- 10.7 mg/l respectively) probably reflect reduced
      bioavailability, which is apparently unchanged after a liquid test meal.

PMID- 3407247
TI  - [Mechanism of electrolyte and water transport in the first 2 minutes of hypotonic
      water resorption].
AB  - 1.2 ml of water or 1.2-2.4 ml of 1/2-isotonic saline were injected into the
      duodenum of the unanaesthetized rat. Continuous measurements of conductivity and
      sodium concentration in whole blood, the last by means of ion-selective
      electrodes, and of protein and electrolyte concentration in a filtrate of portal
      vein blood were made. Whereas conductivity and sodium or electrolyte
      concentration dropped promptly and steeply, the drop of protein concentration
      (Cprot) was registered with a delay of 1.9 min. A quantitative comparison of the
      conductivity and sodium concentration curves, showing strictly synchronous
      courses, suggested that no hematocrit changes (these would have influenced
      conductivity) had taken place during the period of constancy of Cprot. In rats
      having thirsted for 36 h, Cprot did not fall during a period of 5-8 min in which
      they drank up to 5.5 ml of water, despite a great drop of electrolyte
      concentration. It is concluded that at the beginning of water absorption all the
      fluid absorbed is transported via the lymph ducts. A gradient of negative
      pressure from the interstitial tissues to the lymphatic system in the non
      absorbing gut is proposed, an additional electrolyte secretory process being
      taken into consideration.

PMID- 3407248
TI  - [Chemically prepared fats and Crohn disease. A pilot study of the occurrence of
      trans-fatty acids in the subcutaneous tissue of Crohn patients in comparison with
      healthy controls as a parameter of long-term fat intake].
AB  - In a pilot study the fatty acid pattern of subcutaneous adipose tissue from 22
      patients with Crohn's disease and 22 subjects of a healthy control group was
      analyzed using glass capillary gas-liquid chromatography. Among all fatty acids
      amounting to at least 1% peak area of the chromatograms, only trans-octadecenoate
      differed significantly (p less than 0.05) between both study groups, the mean
      value being 2.39 +/- 0.83% in patients with Crohn's disease and 1.96 +/- 0.46% in
      healthy controls. Also the mean value of trans-hexadecenoate was significantly (p
      less than 0.05) higher in the Crohn group (0.25 +/- 0.07%) than in the control
      group (0.21 +/- 0.06%). There was a strongly positive linear correlation (p less
      than 0.001) between the trans-hexadecenoate and trans-octadecenoate values for
      the Crohn patients but not for the controls. Our results demonstrate that
      patients with Crohn's disease as a group consume more trans-monoene fatty acids
      than healthy controls, thus providing evidence for a higher intake of chemically
      processed fats like margarine, shortenings, frying and cooking fats. In further
      studies which are necessary to examine Guthy's hypothesis the fatty acid
      composition of adipose tissue should be followed up as an ideal marker of long
      term dietary compliance.

PMID- 3407249
TI  - Lipid composition and cholesterol nucleation time in gallbladder bile of patients
      with cholesterol gallstones under choleretic treatment with Febuprol.
AB  - The effect of a new potent choleretic drug (Febuprol) on lipid composition and
      cholesterol nucleation time in gallbladder bile was studied in 8 patients with
      cholesterol gallstones. Nine untreated patients with cholesterol
      cholecystolithiasis and functioning gallbladder served as controls. Under
      Febuprol treatment (3 X 100 mg for 6-10 days) mean concentrations of total bile
      acids (125.4 vs. 59.5 mmol/l), phospholipids (46.1 vs. 25.6 mmol/l) and total
      lipids (10.4 vs. 5.9 g/dl) were significantly higher (p less than 0.01) than in
      controls. No significant difference between both groups was calculated for the
      mean values of cholesterol (17.8 vs. 13.3 mmol/l), cholesterol saturation index
      (1.5 vs. 2.1) and cholesterol nucleation time (2.1 vs. 2.6 days). Our findings
      are compatible with a choleretic effect of Febuprol but no alteration of the
      rapid cholesterol crystallisation in gallbladder bile of patients with
      cholesterol gallstones was found.

PMID- 3407250
TI  - [Has treatment of ascites changed?].

PMID- 3407251
TI  - [Hemorheological/hemodynamic study on miniaturized capillary filters in the
      concept of an implantable artificial kidney].
AB  - The conception of an implantable kidney provides the substitute of the non
      functioning kidney by a technical-biological system. The filtration function is
      to be performed by a capillary hemofilter. The results obtained in an open test
      circulation on 3 filters produced by optimum aspects were represented and
      compared with the physiological performance parameters of the kidney. The special
      importance of the construction of the flow conditions in the single capillary is
      accentuated as the fundamental aspect for additional optimization. An optimized
      capillary filter produced the necessary filtration rate for maintaining the
      homeostasis on condition of a low-protein diet and an increased level of blood
      urea. The changes of the hemorheologic parameters is to come up by an adequate
      absorption of fluid in the colon.

PMID- 3407252
TI  - [Modelling and simulation of urea balance in a rat model on the condition of
      large intestine infusion analogous to the ultrafiltrate as a contribution to the
      development of an implantable intestinal hybrid kidney].
AB  - The urea kinetics in blood plasma is discussed for the animal model in rats in
      the development conception of an implantable artificial kidney, in which the
      filtration process is received energetically endogenically by a technical
      hemofilter whereas the ultrafiltrate procedure takes place by intestinal
      reabsorption and elimination of the end-products. The underlying monocompartment
      model contains the elements plasma, hemofilter, intestine including their urea
      turnover rates. Further on a special model conception is developed for the animal
      experimental designation of the selective urea reflecting power of the intestinal
      mucosa. The hemofilter-intestine-hybrid kidney-system has chanced to be in order
      if the experimentally ascertained quantities of the preliminary experiments will
      be inserted simultaneously for essential parameters in the model experiment.

PMID- 3407253
TI  - [The selective elimination function of the colon in a rat model for the
      substances water and urea in long-term experiments as a contribution to the
      development of an implantable hemofilter-intestine-hybrid kidney].
AB  - The investigations on the selective elimination and preservation function of the
      colon represented one of the numerous problems in the development of an
      implantable hemofilter-intestine-hybrid kidney. The assumption of an ideal
      reflection of urea on the intestinal mucosa and the ability of water absorption
      of the colon had to be checked. A fluid which is nearly analogous to the
      ultrafiltrate with different urea concentrations was infused into the colon of
      rats by a cecocutaneous catheter fistula during two-phasic long-term experiments.
      The renal and enteral urea elimination rates were defined. The apparent
      reflection coefficient for urea of the colon amounted 0.5 to 0.6 in an infusion
      rate of 80 ml/day. The ability of water absorption of the colon in rats of nearly
      300 g of weight could be increased up to 200 ml/day during slow and continuous
      adaptation in the infusion quantity.

PMID- 3407254
TI  - [Extracorporeal blood circulation in the unanesthetized free-moving rabbit--an
      animal model for biocompatibility studies].
AB  - The rabbit is suitable as a basis model for the extracorporal circuit (ECC) in
      long-term test (20 days). A decrease of the leucocytes and platelets is
      established already in the blank test qualified by catheter material and pumping
      influence. This effect can be compensated by the rabbit in long-term test. The
      typical decrease of the leucocytes and platelets does not show any significant
      alteration during many test days independent of the number of tests which were
      carried out in one rabbit (blank test and hemoperfusion). A hemoperfusion across
      activated carbon--independent of the albumin coating--leads to a significant
      decrease of the leucocytes in comparison to the blank test. This rabbit model is
      well-suitable for biocompatibility investigations respectively also for effective
      investigations of detoxication techniques taken as a basis of our results.

PMID- 3407255
TI  - [A recent swelling substance for progressive occlusion of blood vessels].
AB  - A biomaterial on cellulose basis capable of swelling was developed for a
      progressive occlusion of vessels. Pathologic courses of the human
      arteriosclerosis can be imitated in animal experiment by means of this material.

PMID- 3407256
TI  - [Results of the chronic compression of visceral arteries in animal experiments].
AB  - Occlusions of different visceral arteries were imitated by progressive swelling
      substance constriction in 30 mongrel dogs. The variants of the developed
      collateral circulation could be proved by the postoperative angiographies. There
      is given reference to the importance of the connections of the visceral vascular
      system among one another and for the abdominal surgery of the human. Evidence is
      given that occlusions of the celiac artery and of the superior mesenteric artery
      are compensable only with the formation of large collateral vascular systems. But
      on certain circulation conditions the inferior mesenteric artery has a great
      significance too.

PMID- 3407257
TI  - [Mechanical properties of a new vena cava filter].
AB  - The construction and the mechanical properties of a percutaneous, transvenous
      implantable thrombus filter on the pulmonary embolism prophylaxis is introduced.
      The pressure loss by this filter amounted to nearly 1/60 in comparison with the
      Mobin-Uddin umbrella filter. The effect of partial occlusions by thrombus is
      estimated theoretically by means of technical models. The anchoring of the fresh
      implanted filter is guaranteed in case of embolisation with covering up to 85% of
      the open surface. A much faster anchoring is to be expected by reaction of the
      tissue after few days. It also resists in the most unfavourable case imaginable.

PMID- 3407258
TI  - [Verrucous hyperplasia of the amputation stump].

PMID- 3407259
TI  - [Cytodiagnosis of benign, precancerous and malignant skin changes].
AB  - Smears of the keratinizing squamous epithelium were taken from various parts of
      the body of 252 patients. The conditions sampled were 28 inflammatory lesions, 51
      benign tumors, 31 mildly precancerous lesions, 34 seriously precancerous lesions,
      42 basal cell carcinomas, and 38 squamous cell carcinomas. In addition, we
      examined smears of 28 healthy controls. The specimens were evaluated according to
      cytomorphological criteria of malignancy previously described for vulvar lesions.
      We made use of a modified Papanicolaous's classification. About 18% of the benign
      lesions proved falsely positive; 16% of the mildly precancerous lesions, 3% of
      the seriously precancerous lesions, and 3% of the invasive carcinomas proved
      falsely negative. The material collected was insufficient for diagnosis in about
      10% of the cases. Aside from punch biopsy, the cytological investigation of
      cutaneous lesions may be a valuable technique regarding the early diagnosis of
      cancer and precancer of the skin.

PMID- 3407260
TI  - [The modern, pharmacologically oriented prescription].
AB  - Making up a prescription is only expedient, when a pharmacologically reasoned
      therapeutical concept cannot be carried out with ready-made specialties. The
      possibilities of scientifically oriented external treatment are exemplarily
      demonstrated by treatment with antiinflammatory externals. We recommend the so
      called step therapy, i.e. starting with a powerful corticoid, changing to a
      moderately strong corticoid after a few days, and finally, as soon as possible,
      using hydrocortisone only. At least from time to time, this treatment should be
      replaced by the application of Bufexamac. The concept of stepwise therapy largely
      reduces the hazard of loss in efficacy due to the tachyphylaxia phenomenon, as
      well as the risk of side effects. Since frequently allergological risk patients
      are concerned, treatment with the active substances mentioned must be possible
      using the same base in variable concentrations. In addition, the base must meet
      the requirements for hypoallergenicity. We make suggestions for a therapeutical
      concept of this kind based on the frequency of sensitizations, which occurred in
      the cases reported at the Dermatological Clinic in Karlsruhe (FRG).

PMID- 3407261
TI  - [Growth dynamics of malignant melanomas. Determination of tumor doubling time
      based on morphometric measurements of roentgen images of lung metastases].
AB  - On the basis of serial X-ray pictures, we studied the growth dynamics of 50
      pulmonary metastases (PM) in 18 patients suffering from malignant melanoma. As
      all the PM investigated showed exponential growth, we concluded that the PM of
      malignant melanoma increased according to a continuous growth rate during the
      period of investigation. By regression analysis, the mean tumor duplication time
      was calculated in 28 metastases. The tumor duplication time varied considerably
      (from 9 to 298 days), the majority ranging between sexes: The mean value in male
      patients was 35 days, in females 36 days. Assuming a constant growth dynamics of
      the metastases over the entire period of observation, the exact time at which the
      metastases theoretically started to grow as single cells was calculated by means
      of regression analysis. The hypothetical lifetime of the metastases is extremely
      long and reaches far back into the past. Thus it may be assumed that in many
      cases metastatic growth begins a long time before the primary tumor is surgically
      removed.

PMID- 3407262
TI  - [Growth dynamics and histogenesis of malignant melanomas based on anamnestic
      data].
AB  - Anamnestic data of 668 patients suffering from malignant melanoma were
      statistically evaluated. More than half of the patients had noticed a "mole" at
      the site where the melanoma was subsequently found. More than a third of the
      patients guessed that this mole had always been there, and an additional 15% were
      of the opinion that the mole had been present since childhood. About a third of
      the patients stated that the lesion had existed for more than 20 years. About 45%
      of them had been aware of it for between one and 20 years. Only 21.5% had not
      noticed any pigmented spot until less than one year before the diagnosis of
      melanoma. From the data, we conclude that in about 35% of the cases the pigmented
      area had first been noticed before puberty; in 49% of the cases, the lesion had
      not been observed until the patient's 36th year of age. Once the patients became
      aware of the growing development of the mole, 62% of them sought medical advice
      within one year. The other patients waited longer, 8.7% of them even more than 5
      years, before having it removed. In the majority of the cases, the patients'
      attention was drawn to the malignant growth by changes in size and thickness. In
      40% of the cases, changes in color were noted. The "classic" signs of alarm such
      as itching and bleeding were reported in 29.2% and 34.9% of the cases,
      respectively.

PMID- 3407263
TI  - [Skin changes in syringomyelia].
AB  - Asymmetric anonychia, skin edema, and painless ulceration of the fingers may be
      the first symptoms of syringomyelia. Neurologic examination of the patient leads
      to the diagnosis, which can be proved by the demonstration of the cavity in the
      central spinal cord. Prophylactic dermatologic treatment may prevent the
      progression of the skin lesions.

PMID- 3407264
TI  - [Experimental study of the effect of raw materials of the neem tree and neem
      extracts on dermatophytes, yeasts and molds].
AB  - In traditional Indian medicine, various parts of the neem tree have been used for
      centuries, especially with skin diseases. These products are often applied in
      human mycoses. We tested some dried neem materials, neem oils as well as simple
      neem preparations and extracts with regard to their effect on 14 of the most
      common pathogenic fungi. Neither the dried neem materials nor the medical
      preparations and oils had any effect on fungal growth; most of them were even
      contaminated with molds. Some of the extracts, however, showed antimycotic
      properties, which decreased with rising solvent polarity. Petrolether leaf
      extract proved most effective. One of the possible explanations might be the fact
      that it contains quercetin, a flavonoid.

PMID- 3407265
TI  - [DNA impulse cytophotometric studies of the modification of the proliferation
      behavior of the outer hair root sheath by topical glucocorticoid administration].
AB  - A corticoid preparation (C) was topically applied on the scalps of 47 healthy
      test persons for 7 or 14 days, resp. After this treatment, we plucked anagen
      hairs under standardized conditions both from the area treated with C and the
      contralateral, untreated area. The proliferative activity of plucked anagen hairs
      with root sheaths was analyzed by means of DNA flow cytometry. Already a 7 days
      treatment with topical C resulted in kinetic changes of the outer root sheath:
      The percentage of the cells in the G1/10-phase of the cell cycle was increased,
      whereas that of the cells in the S-phase and the G2+M-phase was decreased.

PMID- 3407266
TI  - [Hairy tongue and hairy oral leukoplakia--a differential histopathologic
      diagnosis].
AB  - 10 specimens taken from oral hairy leukoplakia were compared to 8 histological
      preparations from hairy tongue. We found 9 criteria helpful concerning the
      histopathologic differential diagnosis of these entities. Oral hairy leukoplakia
      shows a gently papillated surface, a prominent horny layer with confluent
      bacterial overgrowth, and ballooned epithelial cells with a distinct perinuclear
      halo in a bandlike arrangement. Hairy tongue, in contrast, grows exophytically
      with a digitiform surface, the horny layer is rather thin, and the microorganisms
      are confined to the ends of the digitations; the ballooned epithelial cells show
      pale cytoplasm. Considering the growing incidents of HIV infection, the
      dermatologist should be familiar with the characteristics of oral hairy
      leukoplakia and its histopathological differential diagnosis.

PMID- 3407267
TI  - [Elastofibroma dorsi].
AB  - We report on an 80-years-old woman suffering from subacute prurigo simplex, who
      had developed a painless subcutaneous tumor on her right upper back, 8 cm in
      diameter. In palpation, the tumor was firm and did not adhere to the overlying
      skin. The movability of her arms and back was not restricted. The tumor could not
      be distinguished from its surrounding tissue by means of ultrasound. Surgery
      revealed that the tumor was firmly attached to the thoracic fasciae, periosteum,
      and ligaments, which prevented its complete removal. On histological examination,
      the tumor was diagnosed as elastofibroma dorsi. We discuss our microscopical
      findings of this very rare neoplasm in detail.

PMID- 3407268
TI  - [Vater-Pacini neurofibroma].
AB  - We report on a 49-year-old female patient suffering from Pacinian neurofibroma on
      her right middle finger. The microscopical findings of this rare neoplasm are
      discussed in detail.

PMID- 3407269
TI  - [Clinical, hemodynamic and morphologic findings in dilated cardiomyopathy].
AB  - 45 patients (39 men, six women), mean 41 (19-63) years of age with clinical,
      angiographic and morphologic diagnosis of dilated cardiomyopathy were evaluated
      in respect of three morphologic classes. Two groups of patients without signs of
      previous myocarditis were formed, with one-to-two mitochondria per two sarcomeres
      (group Ia, n = 19), or with more than two mitochondria per two sarcomeres,
      respectively (group Ib, n = 14); and one group with signs of previous myocarditis
      (group II, n = 12). The mean relative mitochondrial volume fraction in relation
      to myofibril volume fraction was significantly lower in group Ia (33 +/- 4/67 +/-
      4%) compared to group Ib (39 +/- 5/61 +/- 5%) (p less than 0.01). Mean values of
      group II (36 +/- 6/64 +/- 6%) were in between the two other groups. Left
      ventricular enddiastolic pressure (18 +/- 11, 18 +/- 8, 16 +/- 10 mm Hg),
      pulmonary vascular resistance (473 +/- 414, 406 +/- 205, 458 +/- 495 dyn x s x cm
      5), ejection fraction (36 +/- 21, 32 +/- 16, 28 +/- 16%), endsystolic volume
      index (131 +/- 82, 127 +/- 66, 132 +/- 60 ml/m2), enddiastolic volume index (187
      +/- 81, 176 +/- 62, 181 +/- 63 ml/m2), dp/dt max (1951 +/- 875, 1737 +/- 575,
      1741 +/- 478 mmHg x s-1) and mean VCF (0.76 +/- 0.58, 0.44 +/- 0.32, 0.54 +/-
      0.39 s-1) showed no significant differences between the three groups. Follow-up
      of the patients in the three groups to median 19, 22, 24 months, respectively,
      after biopsy, showed an improvement of the clinical findings, especially
      concerning the groups with one-to-two mitochondria only and with signs of
      previous myocarditis, but no difference in survival within the three groups. For
      the individual case our morphologic parameters seem to be without predictive
      value.

PMID- 3407270
TI  - [Doppler echocardiography analysis of left ventricular inflow patterns in
      hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy pre- and postoperatively].
AB  - The aim of the present study was to assess abnormalities of left ventricular
      filling by Doppler echocardiography in patients with hypertrophic obstructive
      cardiomyopathy and to investigate whether a myectomy, in addition to normalizing
      flow, also improves diastolic function. In part A of the study, 40 patients with
      diagnosed invasive HOCM (29 patients with a gradient at rest, 11 patients with a
      gradient only after provocation) were compared with 20 normal subjects. The blood
      flow in the left ventricular inflow tract was examined by means of Doppler
      echocardiography. At the same time the isovolumic relaxation (IVR) period and the
      mitral valve opening area (MVOA) were determined using M-mode and the two
      dimensional echocardiography, respectively. In part B of the study, 17 patients
      were examined directly preoperatively and again postoperatively (mean 14 days).
      Nine patients were then examined at a later date (mean 8.6 months).(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3407271
TI  - [Scintigraphic imaging of adrenergic structures of the heart with 123(I)
      metaiodobenzylguanidine in cardiomyopathy].
AB  - In 14 patients with various kinds of cardiomyopathy (DCM, HCM with and without
      obstruction, latent cardiomyopathy (= LCM], after confirmation of diagnosis,
      myocardial imaging with the recently developed substance 123I
      metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG), an analog to guanethidine, was performed. In
      comparison, four patients in whom cardiac disease had been excluded, were
      evaluated. Myocardial uptake and washout were evaluated quantitatively. As a
      result, each kind of cardiomyopathy showed a significantly higher activity uptake
      versus normals, especially in patients with DCM. In all patients, the washout
      rate was increased compared to normals. The higher uptake is caused by depletion
      of catecholamine stores, as already known in DCM. On the other hand, the
      increased washout rate is considered to be a sign of a high sympathetic tone
      found in patients with HCM and LCM. The results seem to demonstrate a primary or
      secondary involvement of the sympathetic nervous system in these entities of
      hitherto unknown etiology.

PMID- 3407272
TI  - [Value of stress and long-term ECG in the diagnosis of silent myocardial ischemia
      in patients with coronary heart disease].
AB  - Symptomatic and asymptomatic myocardial ischemia during exercise testing and
      during daily activities (ST-segment analysis on 24-h Holter ECG) was studied in
      109 patients with stable angina pectoris and proven coronary artery disease
      (coronary stenoses greater than 70%) (group I) and in 20 patients with
      angiographically normal coronary arteries or minimal changes (group II). During
      exercise testing, 94/109 (86.2%) group I patients and 6/20 (30%) group II
      patients showed ST-segment depression greater than or equal to 0.1 mV. During
      Holter ECG, transient ST-segment depression (greater than or equal to 0.1 mV;
      greater than or equal to 1 min) was observed in 76/109 (69.7%) group I patients
      and in 5/20 (25%) group II patients; all patients with positive Holter ECG also
      had a positive exercise tests result. Heart rate and exercise duration at the
      onset of ischemia during stress testing were useful parameters to estimate the
      incidence of ischemic episodes during Holter ECG. Patients with asymptomatic
      positive exercise tests showed a significantly higher percentage of asymptomatic
      ischemic episodes during Holter ECG than patients with a symptomatic positive
      exercise test (89% vs. 68% asymptomatic ischemic episodes; p less than 0.001).
      Therefore, in patients with coronary artery disease and stable angina pectoris,
      the exercise test provides information also about the activity of ischemic heart
      disease during daily activities.

PMID- 3407273
TI  - [Filling pressures (pulmonary capillary pressure, indwelling catheter) in
      combined static (handgrip) and dynamic (bicycle ergometer) stress in postinfarct
      patients].
AB  - 79 male post-MI patients (mean age 50 years) underwent Swan-Ganz catheterization
      using handgrip (1.5 min using both hands at 1/3 of the maximum voluntary
      capacity), bicycle ergometry and a combination of both: handgrip added after 4
      min of ergometry at each level of ergometry, a mean of 3 months after MI. Our aim
      was to determine to which level of dynamic exercise the chosen handgrip exercise
      could be compared; furthermore, to examine the left ventricular reaction (PCP)
      under these combined conditions, because it mimics daily life situations. Using
      this combination of tests, it should be possible to identify patients who should
      avoid static work. Our findings were as follows: 48 of the 79 patients showed
      pathological PCPs. Comparing the same level of double product, no significant
      differences of PCP were found between dynamic and combined static + dynamic
      exercise. Our handgrip exercise can replace dynamic exercise of 40 W. 19 patients
      showed highly pathological PCP reactions with delta PCP greater than or equal to
      10 mm Hg following handgrip exercise. This extreme PCP reaction did not correlate
      with the appearance of ST-segment depression in the exercise ECG, nor with either
      infarction scar size nor heart volume as estimated by X-ray. These findings
      demonstrate the importance of a staticdynamic exercise combination in evaluating
      PCP reactions in post-MI patients. The test allows one to select those MI
      patients who should avoid isometric work.

PMID- 3407274
TI  - [Growth of coronary artery branches--morphometric studies of corrosion
      preparations of the interventricular branch of the left coronary artery in the
      pig and piglet].
AB  - In corrosion casts of the left anterior descending coronary artery and its
      branches of higher anterior order, their length, diameter, and number of branches
      were examined in hearts of seven mature and seven young pigs. We systematically
      analyzed 95 branches in the corrosion casts of the mature pig hearts and 76
      branches within the corrosion casts of the young pig hearts (left anterior
      descending coronary arteries and branches of 1st-5th order). The lengths of the
      branches of 1st order and the diameters of the branches of 1st and 2nd order had
      increased to the same degree as the lengths and diameters of the main trunk of
      the left anterior descending coronary artery and the linear measurements of the
      hearts. In the area of the more peripherally located branches, the differences
      showed a tendency to decrease. The number of branches differed only slightly
      between mature pigs' and young pigs' corrosion casts. These results show that
      during physiologic growth, no or only unremarkable new development of coronary
      artery branches occurs.

PMID- 3407275
TI  - [Detection of calcium in mitral valve diseases using computer-assisted 2
      dimensional echocardiography].
AB  - In order to detect mitral valve calcification, 31 consecutive patients were
      examined using two-dimensional echocardiography 1 day before mitral valve
      replacement. Calcifications of the valve were diagnosed by digital image control
      (grey-scale manipulation using S-curve and reject control). After the operation,
      the excised valves were X-rayed to determine the degree of calcification.
      Calcifications of the mitral valve were found by echocardiography with a
      sensitivity of 89.5%, a specificity of 91.7% and a predictive accuracy of 90.3%.
      The degree of calcification, however, was underestimated in 47%. The results show
      that the described grey-scale manipulations are a reliable method of detecting
      calcifications of the mitral valve by echocardiography. This enables the
      preoperative identification of those patients who are suitable for mitral valve
      commissurotomy.

PMID- 3407276
TI  - [Left ventricular function and intra-cardiac blood flow: study using dynamic
      magnetic resonance tomography].
AB  - Cardiac function can be assessed using conventional spin-echo magnetic resonance
      imaging. However, long imaging times and poor temporal resolution have limited
      the clinical applicability of this technique. A new dynamic magnetic resonance
      pulse sequence avoids these shortcomings using lower flip angles, shorter
      repetition and echo times and gradient refocused echoes. The entire heart can
      thus be imaged with a temporal resolution of 60 ms within 20 min. Display of 15
      images of the cardiac cycle in a movie loop allows excellent visual assessment of
      cardiac motion and intracardiac blood flow. Applications of this new technique
      include blood flow measurements, visualization of regurgitant or shunt blood flow
      in patients with valvular regurgitation or ventricular septal defect, assessment
      of regional wall thickening in patients with myocardial disease, and three
      dimensional determination of ventricular and atrial volumes.

PMID- 3407277
TI  - [Accuracy of analysis and susceptibility to faults in ECG detection using
      pacemakers with diagnostic functions].
AB  - The accuracy of analysis and susceptibility to faults of additional diagnostic
      functions in pacemakers were tested in 16 patients (eight men, eight women,
      average age 61.5 +/- 10.8 years, 14 VVI, 2 AAI) with diagnostic pacemakers
      (Quintech DPG 921). The average observation period was 19.7 months. With 109
      follow-up intervals this meant an observation period of 25.9 patient-years. A
      stage-by-stage test structure over several periods of time was used in order to
      validate the data acquired through pacemaker Holter functions by means of control
      ECGs and mathematical test methods. The only fault to occur in the diagnostic
      functions was a loss of stored data. This was observed in 10% of follow-up
      intervals and was, on average, 28% (16-38%) of the total events. 44% (7/16) of
      the pacemakers were affected by this malfunction. Our results show that the
      diagnostic data are certainly correctly acquired. The clinical value of the
      diagnostic functions is clearly reduced by this potential loss of data.

PMID- 3407278
TI  - [Holter functions in cardiac pacemakers: expanding diagnostic possibilities and
      their clinical relevance].
AB  - By encompassing diagnostic multifunctions, microprocessor equipped pulse
      generators represent a marked improvement in the field of diagnosis and
      treatment. In this sense, bioelectrical data can be recorded over long periods,
      up to years, making a continuous follow-up possible. Changes in basic cardiac
      rhythm, pacemaker malfunctions, effect of parameter programming, even the
      assessment of antiarrhythmic therapy are some information that could be acquired.
      The screening function is particularly valuable for detecting sporadic
      arrhythmias and intermittent pacemaker malfunction which would otherwise go
      undetected. The limitation of this system lies in the fact that it does not
      render information on morphology and lacks the chronological correlation between
      recorded events.

PMID- 3407279
TI  - ["Abnormal" neurologic findings in the "healthy" elderly].
AB  - Neuropathological changes and clinical neurological findings of the nervous
      system of healthy, old people (more than 80 years old) are referenced according
      to the literature. In addition, the results of a clinical neurological
      examination of 86 healthy senior citizens (average age: 83.6 years) are
      demonstrated. The respective findings are summarized in a table according to
      their frequency. The involution of the human nervous system with age results
      neuropathologically and clinically-neurologically in damage to the frontal lobe
      (disinhibition of archaic reflexes), the extrapyramidal system (Parkinsonian
      walking pattern), the posterior tract of the spine (unsteadiness of walking), and
      the peripheral nervous system (e.g. loss of the achilles tendon reflex). The
      Parkinsonian-like walking pattern of the healthy old-aged human is thought to be
      a disinhibition of an archaic pattern of posture and movement. Brief suggestions
      for differential diagnosis and therapy are presented.

PMID- 3407280
TI  - [Intermittent confusional states as an expression of epileptic seizures in
      elderly patients].
AB  - We report on eight elderly people with acute recurrent confusional states. The
      cause of these was a symptomatic epileptic focal complex (psychomotor) seizure
      status.

PMID- 3407281
TI  - [The disorder of space analysis as a key to understanding anosognosia in right
      sided cerebral infarct].
AB  - The dextrocerebral stroke is often underestimated as a result of its deficits--in
      contrary to the left cerebral stroke with the aphasia--because the patient's
      neglect of the plegic side is transferred to the therapist. A key to
      understanding this is the hypothesis that the anosognosia results in a loss of
      spatial analysis. After a survey of the different functions of the left and right
      hemispheres the author demonstrates the symptoms, diagnosis and therapeutic
      prognoses. The therapy needs to be continued for several months. In addition, the
      patient's social environment is important.

PMID- 3407282
TI  - [Quality of life and mortality following major neurosurgical interventions in
      advanced age].
AB  - Mortality and quality of life was studied retrospectively in a group of 109
      patients over 60 years old who had undergone a major neurosurgical operation
      because of vascular malformation, an acute or chronic intracranial hematoma or an
      intracranial tumor, were compared with a group of younger patients (n = 80)
      submitted to surgical treatment of the same kind of lesions, and also with a
      group of patients (n = 40) over 60 years old submitted to lumbar disk surgery.
      The overall mortality (within 2 years) was significantly higher in the group of
      older patients undergoing neurosurgery (52% vs. 22%), while in the group of
      patients submitted to lumbar dis surgery, the overall mortality (10%)
      corresponded to the natural mortality rate. The postoperative quality of life was
      improved in 70% of the surviving elderly patients after neurosurgery, in 67% of
      the group of younger patients and in 65% of the group of patients submitted to
      lumbar disk surgery. These differences are not significant.

PMID- 3407283
TI  - [Significant clinical improvement in a 69-year-old patient with a disorder of
      cerebrospinal fluid drainage following implantation of a Holter-Hausner shunt 9
      months after a type III concussion].
AB  - We report on a 69-year-old woman who had suffered a serious closed brain injury
      with 3rd degree contusion and who had again suffered, after a heavily prolonged
      course with an initial clinical improvement, from excessive neuropsychological
      deterioration. Contrary to slight signs of internal hydrocephalus in CT fluid
      scintigraphy showed distinct signs of fluid passage disturbances according to
      occlusive hydrocephalus. Despite serious neurosurgical doubts (age, distance to
      trauma, slight extension of CT-findings) a Holter-Hausner-valve was finally
      applied, which resulted in a good motor and neuropsychological improvement. The
      case may be used as an example of the fact that elderly patients, especially,
      cannot be judged by general experience, but each patient's case should be
      discussed individually. From the point of view of rehabilitation,
      neuropsychological symptoms, especially the course of the vigilance level, should
      be significant in making decisions.

PMID- 3407284
TI  - [Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease--similarities in magnetic resonance
      imaging parameters and their possible explanation].
AB  - Eight demented and eight non-demented Parkinson patients are compared with ten
      controls and 22 Alzheimer patients. NMR images as well as NMR parameters (T1)
      show similarities within the demented and non-demented sub-groups. The
      neuropathological and physiological basis of this finding is discussed.

PMID- 3407285
TI  - [Structural changes in the auditory field in relation to age].
AB  - Using a category scale we measured the loudness of narrow band noises experienced
      in 3 age groups (15-23, 33-45, and 60-75 years old). The narrow band noises had
      center frequencies between .125 and 8 kHz with sound pressure levels of 60, 75,
      and 90 dB each. We found the well-known high-frequency loss. However, we also
      found a hypersensitivity at middle frequencies correlated with high-frequency
      loss. The presumable causes of this hypersensitivity and its consequences for
      hearing aid fitting will be discussed.

PMID- 3407286
TI  - [Free recall and recognition of semantic material--a gerontopsychologic study of
      a two-phase model of reproduction].
AB  - Based on a sample of N = 145 subjects, 57 to 96 years of age, the generation
      recognition model of recall (12) was investigated. Using standardized word lists,
      a differential effect of the word frequency on free recall and recognition is
      shown. The assumption of separate processes in free recall is thus confirmed. The
      difference score from recognition and recall is shown to be age-independent and
      difficult to interpret as retrieval score in the framework of other performance
      measures.

PMID- 3407287
TI  - [Potential drug interactions in the treatment of elderly patients with multiple
      morbidity].
AB  - In 196 hospitalized geriatric patients, drug prescriptions were assessed for
      potential drug interactions. Potential drug interactions were identified in 5.4%
      of 2,177 prescriptions. The risk increased with the number of prescribed drugs.
      Antipsychotics, tranquilizers, hypnotics, diuretics, cardiac glycosides and
      centrally acting analgetics were involved in more than 70% of potential
      interactions. Risks of potential drug interactions can be reduced by a reduction
      in drugs prescribed.

PMID- 3407288
TI  - [A hip fracture bandage for the prevention of femoral neck fractures in the
      elderly. The femoral neck fracture, a biomechanical problem].
AB  - In the industrial countries, the number of hip fractures will double or even
      triple in the next 20 years. Pathogenetically, it is a complex matter of medical
      as well as biosocial factors. Gerontoprophylactically, it is more a biomechanical
      problem. Therefore a light fall on to the hip at the greater trochanter is of the
      greatest importance. We have constructed an impact neutralizer, also designed as
      a hip fracture bandage, to absorb the impact forces which act on aged people
      during a fall. It is made of a special silicone rubber. The impact neutralizer
      permits an impulse amplification by a factor of approximately two. Also, the
      critical height of the fall is increased by a factor of three. That means that
      the number of hip fractures occurring in elderly people can be reduced by 30-50%,
      depending on the type of fall and assuming that all elderly people liable to fall
      wear the hip fracture bandage.

PMID- 3407289
TI  - [Radioimmunologic determination of met-enkephalin].

PMID- 3407290
TI  - [Preparation, purification and characterization of 125(I)-glucagon for use in
      radioimmunoassay].

PMID- 3407291
TI  - [Procedure for incubating isolated fetal liver cells in miniaturized experimental
      designs].

PMID- 3407292
TI  - [The rapid Mikruvid test for the detection or exclusion of significant
      bacteriuria].

PMID- 3407293
TI  - [A micromeasurement chamber for measuring colloid osmotic pressure in body
      fluids].

PMID- 3407294
TI  - [Experiences with developing and implementing a health ordinance for clinico
      chemical laboratories].

PMID- 3407295
TI  - [Chiropractic diagnosis of the atlanto-occipital joint with reference to the
      Palmer-Sandberg-Gutman functional aspects from the traditional medic-radiologic
      viewpoint].
AB  - Owing to joint mechanics, movement of the atlas alone, as envisioned in HIO
      diagnosis for producing a superior or inferior position, is not possible when the
      tranverse ligament is intact, since an atlas movement of this kind would
      necessitate a change in the statics of the dens amounting to kyphosis or
      lordosis. Only in the superior or inferior position, as defined by Decking and
      ter Steege, is there a true malposition of the atlas as a result of atlas
      movement, and this is only possible if the dens assumes a lordotic or kyphotic
      position. In such cases all the segments of the cervical spine are used to modify
      dens statics. Aside from this, superior and inferior positions in HIO diagnosis
      do not represent any pathology requiring treatment, but normal positions of the
      atlas within a relatively broad physiologic range. In the vast majority of cases,
      providing the angle of view is horizontal, there are no findings reflecting the
      current position of the atlas, but rather a finding due to the development of a
      condyle movement.

PMID- 3407296
TI  - [Isolated symbrachydactyly of the foot].
AB  - Symbrachydactyly as an isolated malformation is described in this paper for the
      first time. It is differenciated against other syndromes, like split-foot and
      constriction-band syndrome.

PMID- 3407297
TI  - [Pyoderma gangraenosum as an orthopedic problem case].
AB  - A problematic case of pyoderma gangraenosum in a patient with colitis ulcerosa
      mimicing an empyema of the knee joint is reported.

PMID- 3407298
TI  - [Synovitis villonodosa pigmentosa of the foot--diagnosis, therapy and long-term
      course].
AB  - The typical clinical cause of articular pigmented villonodular synovitis consists
      of progressive and painful swelling of the involved joints, bursae and tendons.
      The roentgenographic manifestations of this condition are usually nonspecific and
      consist of occasional superficial osseous erosion and cystic changes. Although
      these appearances may suggest the correct diagnosis, the precise diagnosis
      depends on examination of the tissue. Pigmented villonodular synovitis is a non
      malignant disease entity of controversial origin and nature. The intraarticular
      form is characteristically monoarticular and affects predominantly the knee, the
      hip and the foot. We present 15 cases of pigmented villonodular synovitis of the
      foot, treated in a period from 1960 to 1986. In 11 patients the clinical and
      radiographic results were reviewed at an average of 15 years (rage: 3-26). The
      treatment of 5 recurrences and the differential diagnosis are discussed.

PMID- 3407299
TI  - [Macroreplantation of the upper extremity. Report of experiences based on 4
      cases].
AB  - Amputation of an extremity frequently represents a life-threatening injury and is
      accompanied by volume deficiency shock through loss of blood. The loss of an arm
      leads to diability and thus impairs the physical and psychic integrity of the
      person concerned. This contribution presents 4 cases with macroamputation at the
      upper extremity, 3 of them involving successfully performed reimplantations.
      After a historic survey, these cases are used as a basis for discussing the
      establishment of the indication, the procedure, the complications and the results
      of the reimplantation.

PMID- 3407300
TI  - [Surgical technical treatment of the acetabulum in hip joint replacement.
      Evaluation of an acetabulum-preserving surgical technic based on a 10-year follow
      up study].
AB  - The results of a 10-year follow-up examination of acetabular components in hip
      joint replacement following a protective acetabulum operating technique are
      demonstrated. With the exception of 4 cases in which during the operation the
      integrity of the acetabulum was not sufficiently observed, 90 per cent of the
      acetabular implants were on hand from x-rays fully integrated. A remarkable bone
      cement demarcation was to be found only in 10 per cent but there were no signs of
      loosening. The authors emphasize a protective acetabulum operating technique with
      special care to avoid the weakening of carrying structures of the acetabulum.

PMID- 3407301
TI  - [Familial hip dysplasia with short acetabular roofs].
AB  - A longtime observation of a mother and her three children with too short but not
      flattened acetabular roofs as contrasted with shallow acetabuli is presented,
      probably on a hereditary basis. The development of these short roofs from
      acetabular dysplasia may be recognized towards the end of the first decade of
      life at the latest. The short roof as such seems to be little amenable to
      conservative treatment. Adduction osteotomies, if necessary, later are preferable
      to the acetabuloplasties aiming more at improvement of a shallow than a short
      acetabulum, with the exception of Chiari's osteotomy.

PMID- 3407302
TI  - [Long-term follow-up of 166 surgically treated patients with congenital hip
      dislocation].
AB  - 166 patients with congenital dislocation of the hip, ranging from 10 months to 5
      years old, were operated between 1958 and 1971. 140 patients were women (84%) and
      26 patients were men (16%). 96 patients had unilateral and 70 patients had
      bilateral dislocation; that makes a total of 236 dislocated hips. 61 patients
      with bilateral hip dislocation were operated simultaneously on both hips. All the
      patients were treated with adductor tenotomy and open reduction through Smith
      Petersen incision with section or elongation of the psoas tendon. The
      postoperative immobilization consisted in a period of one month pelvic toecast
      followed by 2 plaster casts with abduction rod during 3 to 5 months. The
      postoperatory follow-up ranged from 9 years to 26 years, 2 months; average 14
      years, 5 months. The clinical evaluation comprises pain, hip mobility, gait and
      muscle power. RESULTS: excellent 138 (59%); good 66 (28%); fair 29 (12%); and
      poor 3 (1%). The radiological evaluation considered: Mose; acetabular femoral
      head index; Wiberg's CD-angle; cervico-diaphysiary angle and radial quotient.
      RESULTS: normal 5 (2%); excellent 44 (19%); good 78 (33%); subtotal 54%; fair 90
      (38%), and poor 19 (8%). Complications (hips); infections 12 (5%); 3 of them deep
      ones (1%); residual subluxation 19 (8%); reluxation 1 (0.5%). Isquemic necrosis
      Grade II of Tonnis 31 (13%); Grade III 2 (1%) and Grade IV 1 (0.5%).

PMID- 3407303
TI  - [Diabetic osteoarthropathy. Course and differential diagnosis].
AB  - Diabetic neuropathy with reduced sensitivity to pain and mechanical overloading
      of the joints, associated with frequently disturbed circulation in the lower
      extremities, are the etiopathogenetic factors of diabetic osteoarthropathy
      (synonyms: neuroarthropathia diabetica, Charcot joint). In the first stage there
      is osteonecrotic destruction of bone and cartilage. Clinically, an insidious,
      painless, noninflammatory hydroarthrosis with massive swelling of the soft
      tissues is typical. Subsequently, in stage II, irregular transformation of the
      bone due to multiple resorptive processes occurs. In the third stage this
      transformation process stabilizes and the bone ends become more pointed and more
      sclerotic (resembling a licked candy stick). For mechanical reasons, the
      tarsometatarsal and metatarsophalangeal joints and the metatarsals are primarily
      affected. However, destruction is also seen in Chopart's joint, the talus, the
      calcaneus, the ankle joint and the distal tibia. With regard to differential
      diagnosis, similar clinical pictures are seen in many neuropathic bony changes-
      tabes dorsalis, syringomyelia, myelodysplasias, congenital analgesia, congenital
      familial acroosteolysis. More difficult to differentiate are osteomyelitic foci,
      bone tuberculosis, and malignant bone tumors involving bone destruction.

PMID- 3407304
TI  - [Surgical treatment of Osgood-Schlatter disease].
AB  - 18 patients (20 knee joints) were operated for Osgood-Schlatter disease. 12
      patients (14 knee joints) had a follow-up of 2.4 years (0.5-13.5) after
      operation. The informations of the other patients were taken from our clinical
      data. 1 month (0.5-24) after operation 13 patients (15 knee joints) were
      painfree. In 5 cases there were still complaints, but 3 of them were improved by
      operation. One patient, who was operated on both knees, had no change after
      operation. The failures are analysed and interpreted concerning their
      pathogenesis. With help of our results the different operation methods of the
      literature are discussed.

PMID- 3407305
TI  - [Lunate malacia and the Swanson endoprosthesis].
AB  - The etiology and the treatment of the aseptic necrosis of the lunate bone (M.
      Kienbock) is still today debated. In the literature we find more than twenty
      different procedures of treatment. Our follow-up of seven patients with Swanson
      Lunatum prosthesis showed subjectiv and functional good results whereas the
      radiological findings weren't satisfactory.

PMID- 3407306
TI  - [Possibilities for using nuclear magnetic resonance tomography in lumbar
      chemonucleolysis].
AB  - This paper documents a prospective study of the serial changes in the MRI
      appearances of the intervertebral disc after chemonucleolysis with chymopapain.
      After chemonucleolysis the mass of the disc prolaps had not changed. But there
      was a diminution of water content. The authors suggest that chemonucleolysis
      induces changes in the disc that may be comparable to degenerative processes. In
      consequence it may be of no use to carry out the chemonucleolysis in those cases,
      in which degenerative changes are already present in MR-imaging.

PMID- 3407307
TI  - [Treatment of unstable dislocated hip in infancy and early childhood using the
      modified Fettweis method].
AB  - We report on our experiences with the application of cast immobilisation in the
      human position according to Fettweis in order to treat unstable luxations of the
      hip joint of infants. Stability of the joint was achieved and marked degrees of
      acetabular dysplasia were brought to cure in about 80% of the cases. However,
      based on this analysis, remaining instability or lasting dysplasia of the hip
      joint have to be anticipated in about 10% of the cases. The use of sonography in
      diagnostics let expect more progress in therapy for the future.

PMID- 3407308
TI  - [Treatment of spondylolisthesis in adults using the dorsal approach with the
      fixateur interne and a special repositioning device].
AB  - Fourteen patients with spondylolisthesis were operated in the Orthopaedic Clinic
      of Ulm (RKU) from October 1984 to December 1986. All patients suffered from low
      back pain, 13 had symptomes of nerve root compression, 6 had intermittent spinal
      claudication. All patients were treated by segmental distraction, reduction of
      the slipped vertebra and a ventral interbody fusion. The operative technique
      required first the dorsal approach for distraction and reduction using the
      fixateur interne (Dick) as well as a self developed special instrument for the
      reduction of the vertebra (repositeur). The ventral interbody fusion was
      performed in a one-stage procedure. The self developed special instrument
      (repositeur) is described and its construction principals, mechanics and its
      applications. Distraction and reduction of spondylolisthesis was achieved totally
      or nearly complete with this instrument in all but one patient. In one case the
      transpedicular screw ripped out. Always the foramina intervertebralia were opened
      to physiological width. Pain and neurological symptomes completely disappeared in
      all patients and no additional spinal operation was necessary. No infection and
      no pseudarthrosis did occur. Our clinical results are discussed in regard to
      other publications. Operative treatment of spondylolisthesis using the fixateur
      interne and a new developed special instrument for reduction.

PMID- 3407309
TI  - [New classification of recommendations for forensic assessment of patients with
      scoliosis].
AB  - In 1977, for the first time, a recommendation for the expert evaluation of
      scoliosis-sufferers was given out. On the basis of this a new classification
      followed, which takes into consideration modern orthetics and new operative
      procedures. Unchanged are the classifications of incapacity to work with regard
      to decreasing lung capacity. The levels of vital capacity are still the main
      factor for determining lung capacity.

PMID- 3407310
TI  - Neurophysiologic aspects of etiology and pathogenesis of congenital hip
      dislocation.

PMID- 3407311
TI  - [Is synovectomy a sure treatment procedure for synovial osteochondromatosis?].
AB  - In recent literature synovectomy is recommended for treating osteochondromatosis.
      In the case of a 25-year-old woman with an affected knee joint, who was treated
      with synovectomy, the authors observed recurrence 5 years later. Ten years after
      the operation a severe osteoarthritis had developed. Our experience suggests that
      this method should not be overestimated. F. Kroh came in 1932 to the same
      conclusion.

PMID- 3407312
TI  - [Significance of penis-arm pressure indices in the assessment of impotence in
      vascular patients].

PMID- 3407313
TI  - Recurrent groin varicose veins: an assessment by varicography.

PMID- 3407314
TI  - [An unusual "course" following implantation of an aorto-femoral bifurcation
      prosthesis].

PMID- 3407315
TI  - [Coumarin-induced necrosis of the forefoot].

PMID- 3407316
TI  - Psoas muscle hematoma--an acute compartment syndrome. Report of a case.

PMID- 3407317
TI  - Disturbances of skin microcirculation in patients with chronic arterial occlusive
      disease and venous incompetence.

PMID- 3407318
TI  - Effect of high and low-dose aspirin on circulating endothelial cells.

PMID- 3407319
TI  - Foot transcapillary filtration in patients with severe chronic venous
      insufficiency.

PMID- 3407320
TI  - Discriminatory function of hemorheological variables in peripheral arterial
      disease.

PMID- 3407321
TI  - Determination of amprolium in egg yolk and muscle tissue (chicken) by HPLC with
      post-column reaction and fluorometric detection, using on-line sample clean-up
      and pre-concentration steps.
AB  - A continuous flow system was coupled to a high-pressure liquid chromatography
      (HPLC) system, resulting in an automated system for the determination of
      amprolium in egg yolk and (chicken) muscle tissue. The sample was diluted (yolk)
      or extracted (tissue) with water, and the solution obtained was dialysed against
      water as the recipient stream. Aliquots of the dialysed solutions were pumped
      onto a short pre-concentration column. By means of the mobile phase, the
      concentrate was back-flushed onto the analytical column and amprolium was
      separated from interfering substances, using a reversed phase ion-pair system.
      Amprolium was post-column oxidized to amprochrome, which was detected
      fluorometrically. Linear calibration curves for both yolk an muscle tissue were
      obtained in the 10-250 micrograms/kg range. The detection limit is approximately
      3 micrograms/kg. This method was applied to eggs and muscle tissue, which were
      commercial obtained. Egg yolk was found to be frequently contaminated with low
      levels of amprolium (29.4% positive of 266 samples investigated; mean
      concentration of positive samples = 58 micrograms/kg), whereas only a few muscle
      samples contained detectable levels (4.9% positive of 81 samples investigated;
      mean concentration of positive samples = 5 micrograms/kg).

PMID- 3407322
TI  - [Gas chromatographic determination of amino acids with nitrogen-selective
      detection].
AB  - Heptafluorobutyryl isobutyl ester derivatives of amino acids were determined,
      using the thermionic nitrogen-phosphorus detector. The linearity of the detector
      (more than 5 decades), allows determinations above 0.3 pMol and 110 nMol, without
      the need for further dilution. Due to the specificity of the detector, no
      fractionation or other pretreatment of the samples prior to hydrolysis were
      necessary. The separation of the amino acid derivatives ranges from fair to
      excellent when comparing separations on packed columns with those on capillary
      columns. On the capillary analyser, however, only a few runs could be performed,
      since it was not available for a long enough period of time. The reproducibility
      of the determination was high in the monobasic amino acids, with a coefficient of
      variation (c.v.) of less than 3, but somewhat worse in arginine, histidine,
      cystine and minor components. Histidine needs an on-column acylation by the co
      injection of the hydrolysate with acetic anhydride. The amino acids tryptophan,
      cysteic acid and methionine sulphone have not been investigated until now. A
      disadvantage of the procedure compared with other analytical methods is the
      rather complicated derivatisation, which until now, has not been easily
      automated. Finally, the practicability of the method is demonstrated by the
      results of eightfold determinations in 13 heat-treated (canned) food samples.

PMID- 3407323
TI  - [Determination of retinol and alpha-tocopherol in milk and milk products using
      high-pressure liquid chromatography after saponification in serum vials].
AB  - An improved procedure is described for the determination of retinol and alpha
      tocopherol in milk and dairy products using high-pressure liquid chromatography
      (HPLC). Samples are saponified in sealed 10-ml serum vials in the absence of
      oxygen, cooled and neutralized by injecting glacial acetic acid into the system.
      Retinyl acetate and 5,7-dimethyltocol respectively are used as the internal
      standards. The solution is extracted with hexane and the organic phase is cleaned
      up on a sodium sulphate/aluminium oxide column. The solution is evaporated under
      vacuum and dissolved in ethanol for HPLC analysis. A short reversed-phase column
      packed with RP-18, using methanol as the eluent, allows fast separations of both
      the vitamins.

PMID- 3407324
TI  - Changes in lipids during the storage of krill (Euphausia superba Dana) at 3
      degrees C.
AB  - Lipid content and composition (classes), susceptibility to UV-catalysed oxidation
      and carotenoid content were determined in Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba
      Dana) stored for 72 h at 3 degrees C. Phospholipids making up 80% of krill lipids
      were observed to undergo the most drastic changes during storage. After 72 h of
      storage, their content dropped by about 20%; the largest drop was recorded in
      phosphatidylcholine, its content being reduced by almost half. The amount of free
      fatty acids increased to about 6% of lipids. No degradation was observed in
      triacylglycerols, diacylglycerols, and wax esters. Monoglycerides did not appear.
      The UV-catalysed lipid oxidation rate decreased with deteriorating freshness of
      krill, as evidenced by a slower oxidation reaction, much lower oxidation maximum
      attained by lipids from spoiled krill, slower carotenoid decomposition, slower
      coloration of lipids and a slower absorbance increase at 320 nm. As no
      significant differences were found between iodine numbers and the carotenoid
      content of the samples tested, differences in the oxidation rate can be explained
      by hyperoxide decomposition brought about by products of phosphatidylcholine
      break-down.

PMID- 3407325
TI  - [Community prevention in Switzerland--what next? A round table discussion].
AB  - Summarized are the important statements and conclusions of a round-table
      discussion about the future of health promotion in Switzerland from a conference
      held in Aarau November 6, 1987. This conference was organized by the Swiss
      Society for Social and Preventive Medicine.

PMID- 3407326
TI  - [The technical danger of adhesives].
AB  - Floor and wall carpeting by means of adhesives containing solvents not only
      represent an explosion and fire risk but also mean a toxic hazard and furthermore
      a danger to contract occupational diseases. The risks of explosion and their
      prevention, as stipulated by the Swiss Accident Insurance Fund, are described in
      detail.

PMID- 3407327
TI  - [Biological monitoring of fluoride-exposed workers in Switzerland: development of
      the internal fluoride burden in the last 10 years].
AB  - In Swiss plants a risk of industrial fluorosis exists only for workers in the
      aluminum industry (electrolysis of Al2 O3, raffination of aluminium). Exposure to
      fluorides is assessed by ambient monitoring, by health surveillance (early
      detection of fluorosis) and by biological monitoring (urinary fluoride
      determinations, pre-shift und post-shift). The results of biological monitoring
      in the 4 plants in Switzerland are presented (1976/77-1986; 1977 264 workers,
      1986 242 workers). During the period from 1976/77-1986 a significant reduction of
      the urinary fluoride excretion in exposed workers was observed. This reduction
      was correlated in time with technical measures to reduce external fluoride
      exposure of workers. Urinary fluoride excretion was within limits of biological
      exposure indices at the end of the observation period in all plants (on group
      base). Therefore the risk of industrial fluorosis seems to be eliminated in newly
      engaged workers and significant lowered in the other workers of the Swiss
      aluminium industry.

PMID- 3407328
TI  - [Divergent opinions concerning the perception of chemical risk].
AB  - In Switzerland, employers and employees are requested to settle together the
      amount of risk and priorities for each industrial activity, for the needs of a
      federal commission in charge of occupational health specialists. After our
      results, this aim will be difficult to achieve, since the feelings of employers
      and employees on similar safety problems vary widely. In particular, chemical
      risks did not evoke similar reactions in employers and employees of the French
      and of the German-speaking regions. In order to help employers and employees to
      reach a consensus, a method will be developed in a near future.

PMID- 3407329
TI  - [Significance of fluoride monitoring in the aluminum industry].
AB  - Fluoride emission determination was introduced in the aluminium industry some
      years ago in order to detect subjects suspected of having fluorosis. Fluoride
      exposure has been reduced by means of successive improvements in working
      conditions in aluminium reduction plants to such an extent that today industrial
      fluorosis can be said to be an occupational disease of the past. Generally values
      of up to 7 mg F/l urine (USA) or per g of creatinine (FRG) at the end of a
      working period apply today as guaranteed to prevent fluorosis developing at the
      workplace. The values observed today at Alusuisse plants are below 5 mg/l. Ten
      years ago mean values of up to 6.2 mg/l were found. It is nevertheless expedient
      to continue with a regular determination of fluoride emission, however for a
      different purpose than before. The determination of the urine output directly at
      the end of a working period (postshift measurement) shows the exposure during
      this short period. Once the relative contents of different pollutants in the air
      compared to the fluoride air values are known, the exposure of the subject
      examined to other pollutants can be estimated on basis of the fluoride values in
      the urine. Differences between individuals can also be recorded. It has been
      found that even at identical workplaces there are individuals time and time again
      who have considerably higher values than their co-workers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3407330
TI  - [The role of ergonomic analysis of work in the detection, evaluation and
      prevention of chemical risk].
AB  - In this paper, observations are presented to show the role played by the
      ergonomic analysis of working procedures, when detecting, measuring and
      preventing chemical hazards. At first, unsuspected hazards can be detected, when
      watching real operative practices. Secondly, the knowledge of each activity may
      question the validity of general standards. Finally, with ergonomic analysis,
      prevention can be designed to fit the worker's well-being, without impairing the
      productive process.

PMID- 3407331
TI  - [Social support and community health care].
AB  - Concepts of health have changed considerably over the last decades. Of particular
      interest is the relations between social support and health, between the social
      context of the individual, the social network of his family, friends, neighbours
      and workplace on one side, and health on the other side. The importance of social
      support is illustrated with data from the "Oldenburg Longitudinal Study (OLS)".

PMID- 3407332
TI  - [Health campaigns in the mass media: communications theory for communications
      practice].
AB  - Evaluative research clearly shows that public health campaigns can be effective.
      However, it is important that theories and results of communication research are
      applied in the planning phase of a health campaign. Questions to be considered
      are: What are the specific goals of the campaign? Who is the target group, and
      who selects it? What is the message to be conveyed, and who shall develop it?
      What is known about the effectiveness of the media in reaching the target
      audience? And last but not least: Only evaluative research can prove if a
      campaign has reached its goals!

PMID- 3407333
TI  - [Community prevention by the "Turning Aarau into a Healthy City Foundation". 10
      years' activity 1977-1987. Retrospect and prospect].
AB  - In 1987, the foundation "Aarau-healthy city" celebrated the 10th anniversary of
      its activities in community-oriented prevention (including the National Research
      Program No. 1 NRP 1). This article presents the prevention activities within the
      last four years, discusses the results of a random sample survey among the Aarau
      population and draws conclusions for the future.

PMID- 3407334
TI  - [Model of a prevention plan at the canton level].
AB  - With the "Leitbild-83", the Swiss Society of Social and Preventive Medicine
      (SSSPM) has introduced health promotion and prevention at the federal level. In
      1984, a Federal Act on Prevention has been refused by almost all Cantons; the
      SSSPM therefore decided to develop a new framework for prevention that could be
      used at the Canton level. This model should help politics and specialized people
      to develop their own plan within this conceptual and practical framework.

PMID- 3407335
TI  - [Hair disease or the effect of heat (fire)?].
AB  - We found alterations in the ends of a man's hair, changes that were suspected of
      being incendiary. The hair ends were dull, but there were no typical macroscopic
      signs of alteration by heat; yet the microscopic findings were clear. Spindle
      shaped changes in the hair were interpreted at first as heat damage but could be
      explained as the results of hair-setting lotion.

PMID- 3407336
TI  - [Clinical experiences in 210 percutaneous removal of kidney and ureteral
      calculi].
AB  - The introduction of percutaneous nephrolithotomy and ureterolithotomy has greatly
      widened the therapeutical spectrum of urolithiasis. In this paper indications and
      contraindications of percutaneous stone removal will be discussed as well as
      techniques of this procedure. 210 percutaneous stone operations were performed
      after an initial training period primarily using local anesthesia
      (neuroleptanalgesia). This operative procedure allowed stone removal in patients
      otherwise inoperable because of increased operation risk or of advanced age. With
      increasing experience the success rate has been improved, though the stage of
      difficulties in nephrolithotomy and ureterolithotomy has increased too.
      Percutaneous operation primarily in connection with extracorporal shock wave
      lithotripsy is the first treatment modality for patients with staghorn stones.
      Possible complications (bleeding, perforation, injury to neighbouring organs) and
      their treatment are discussed.

PMID- 3407337
TI  - [Percutaneous ultrasound lithotripsy of staghorn calculi].
AB  - It is reported on the percutaneous litholapaxy of 3 staghorn calculi. Since
      November 1984 1100 percutaneous nephrolitholapaxies were performed, 106 cases of
      them were staghorn calculi.

PMID- 3407338
TI  - [Studies on tryptophan metabolism in calcium oxalate urolithiasis].
AB  - In 90 patients with calcium oxalate urolithiasis an oral tryptophan-loading test
      with 5 g L-tryptophan was performed and the 24-hour urinary excretion of
      xanthurenic acid and kynurenine was measured. In 10 cases pathological deviations
      and an excretion pattern of tryptophan metabolites via kynurenine similar as in
      the hereditary vitamin-B6-dependent xanthurenic aciduria in homozygous or
      heterozygous from were found. Correlations between the oxalate excretion and the
      tryptophan metabolism do not exist. A 2-year therapy with 60 mg vitamin B6 was
      favourable in patients with an excretion of more than 300 mumol XA after a
      tryptophan load.

PMID- 3407339
TI  - [Therapy of radiation injuries of the bladder with orgotein (Peroxinom)].
AB  - 30 patients who developed an irradiation bladder after radiotherapy of carcinoma
      uteri were treated with submucosal infiltration of orgotein. In this homogeneous
      series (same cancer, dosage and exposition of radiation, same sex) the success
      rate of 86% improvement of subjective symptoms or complete healing was excellent,
      not to be reached by any other mode of treatment. In one patient an anaphylactic
      shock was seen. Despite of this event--which happens in great published series in
      only 1 permille--orgotein infiltration should be the therapy of choice in actinic
      damaged urinary bladders.

PMID- 3407340
TI  - [Radiotherapy of induratio penis plastica].
AB  - From 1970 to 1986 forty-nine patients suffering from Induratio penis plastica
      (IPP) were treated by irradiation. It was used x-rays as soft-ray therapy and
      half-depth therapy, respectively, and fast electrons with an energy level ranged
      from 6 to 8 MeV. The follow-up observation time ranged from 8 months to 12 years.
      Very good to satisfactory results were obtained in 28 patients (57.1%). The
      treatment results were different clearly in dependence on the onset of symptoms
      and therapy, respectively. The possibilities of the irradiation therapy with
      lower side-effects and advantages as against other therapeutic approaches are
      described.

PMID- 3407341
TI  - [Allogenic half-joint transplantations].
AB  - Reported in this paper are twelve cases of allogenic transplantation of half
      joints and quarter-joints, following removal of locally delimited tumours. Three
      transplants were incorporated with functionally satisfactory result to three
      patients over a period of seven years. Infections and recurrence of tumours were
      the most frequent causes of failure of transplantations. These results are
      discussed together with possibilities of future allogenic half-joint
      transplantations.

PMID- 3407342
TI  - [Surgical treatment of scapula fracture].
AB  - Sixteen patients were hospitalised and treated for scapular fractures at the
      casualty ward in the surgical department of the Rostock Regional Hospital over a
      period of ten years. Surgical indications were established for five patients
      only. The results are described and are discussed with reference to the most
      recent literature.

PMID- 3407343
TI  - [Late results following conservative treatment of elbow dislocations].
AB  - Conservative treatment was applied to 56 cases of elbow dislocation in the
      surgical department of the Hannover School of Medicine, between 1978 and 1986.
      Follow-up checks were made on 30 of them. Functional results were found to be
      good to very good in 27 cases. Hence, conservative treatment is considered to be
      an appropriate therapeutic approach to simple elbow dislocations.

PMID- 3407344
TI  - [Traumatic hip dislocation in childhood].
AB  - Twelve children with hip dislocation were recorded from 18 hospitals of the GDR
      in a collective study conducted on behalf of the Working Group on Paediatric
      Traumatology. The closed approach was exclusively taken to all reductions, and
      all of them were performed within the twelve-hour limit. Avascular necrosis of
      the femoral head or other growth disorders were not observed. Relief periods were
      conspicuously differentiated, which gave rise to the proposal of unitisation of
      the therapeutic approach.

PMID- 3407345
TI  - [Physical therapy within the scope of fracture treatment in children.
      Recommendations of the Traumatology in Childhood Study Group].
AB  - Physiotherapeutic follow-up treatment is required only in exceptional cases of
      fractures in childhood. Physiotherapeutic indications are justified for fractures
      with months of immobilisation, multiple fractures, fractures accompanied by soft
      tissue defects and nerve injuries, vertebral fractures, fractures and
      craniocerebral trauma, and fractures entailing the risk of bone necrosis. Passive
      exercises are not at all indicated.

PMID- 3407346
TI  - [Diagnosis of compartment syndrome--subfascial pressure measurement].

PMID- 3407347
TI  - [The elderly surgical patient. Experiences with patients over 85].
AB  - Hospitalised treatment was applied to 326 patients aged between 85 and 101 years,
      between 1982 and 1987. Operations were performed on 215 of them. The surgical
      lethality amounted to 16.3 per cent, though lethality in conjunction with
      emergency operations was as high as 23.9 per cent or as low as 11.8 per cent in
      the context of elective operations. X-ray findings recorded from heart and lung
      as well as ECG provided reliable criteria for assessment of the surgical risk.

PMID- 3407348
TI  - [Incidence of complications and surgical risk in biliary tract surgery].
AB  - Locally delimited complications originating from the surgically treated organ
      were recorded in 7.8 per cent of 7,640 bile duct operations, between 1970 and
      1984, while systemic complications accounted for 4.6 per cent. Overall lethality
      was 0.8 per cent. Inflammatory gall bladder as well as choledochus findings
      calling for therapeutic action and advanced age together with age-related
      diseases were factors of relevance to prognosis. Lethality among males was higher
      with significance than that among females. Postoperative pancreas necrosis,
      pulmonary embolism, and cardiac failure were predominant causes of death. Target
      oriented perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis, broader postoperative use of
      medicamentous thrombosis prophylaxis, and limitation of papillary dilatation to
      widths up to 6 mm are considered to be possible approaches to reducing the
      surgical risk.

PMID- 3407349
TI  - [Acute surgery in heart surgery patients under preventive use of anticoagulants].
AB  - Studies were conducted into indications, courses of operations, and postoperative
      complications of 17 surgical patients hospitalised or treated in the outpatient
      department who were on anticoagulant medication because of previous cardiac
      surgery and required acute re-operations for manifestations of secondary surgical
      diseases. Particular attention was given to Quick values for an assessment of the
      present coagulation situations. The point is made that Quick values between 25
      and 30 per cent do not yet constitute contraindications to surgical intervention.
      Reservation is recommended with values below 20 per cent. Therapeutic
      recommendations are given for treatment of surgical patients with low Quick
      values.

PMID- 3407350
TI  - [Surgery of proctologic diseases in the polyclinic].
AB  - The incidence of proctological diseases is on a rising trend, and some of them
      require surgical treatment. Outpatient handling is indicated, following thorough
      diagnosis, and in common practice worldwide. The surgical specialist, in command
      of pain-killing methods, is in a position to apply surgical treatment on a
      outpatient basis. Careful attention has to be given, in this context, to the anal
      complex and anal sanitation. Perianal thrombosis, incarcerated prolapsed
      haemorrhoids, acute anal fissure, and, with some reservation, periproctic abscess
      are situations in which acute action is recommended, while elective interventions
      seem to be indicated for chronic anal fissure, cryptitis, few anal fistulae, and
      perianal changes of the skin, but with limitations on the haemorrhoidal problem.

PMID- 3407351
TI  - [Computer-assisted analysis of intestinal sounds for assessing the motility of
      the gastrointestinal tract].
AB  - Intestinal noise analysis by means of a computerized analyser is a method by
      which various functional states of the gastro-intestinal tract can be diagnosed.
      Interference noise from respiration and cardiac action can be suppressed by
      filtering. Frequency patterns determined were in good correlation with the
      clinical picture and auscultation findings. It is, basically, possible to
      identify the original causative organ.

PMID- 3407352
TI  - [Local administration of vaginal therapeutic drugs and their possible side
      effects].
AB  - We have proved with screening-electron-microscopic examinations that different
      chemical substances bend to formation of cristals on the vaginal skin. Different
      size of the cristals depends from different quantities of the drugs. Cytotoxic
      appearances are possible.

PMID- 3407353
TI  - [Acute isovolemic hemodilution in subcutaneous reduction mastectomy].

PMID- 3407354
TI  - [Traumatically-induced dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans of the breast].
AB  - Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans is a rare, cutaneous-subcutaneous low grade
      malignancy. Despite the locally aggressive behaviour, metastases seldom occur.
      Evidence exists that trauma may be a predisposing factor. Treatment by wide
      tridimensional excision is recommended. One case of trauma-induced
      dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans in a 71-year old woman is reported.

PMID- 3407355
TI  - [Abdominal metastasis in breast cancer].
AB  - Report about three patients which were operated on due to a suspicion of ovarian
      cancer. In all three cases we could observed metastases of a primary breast
      cancer. This could be confirmed clinically, mammographically and histologically.
      In this connection problems of early detection and differential diagnosis have
      been discussed.

PMID- 3407356
TI  - [Curriculum of the Academy of Medical Education of East Germany. The specialist
      in gynecology and obstetrics. 1. Educational goal].

PMID- 3407357
TI  - [Early abortion rate in sterility patients: early pregnancy factor as a
      parameter].
AB  - To evaluate the diagnostic value of Early Pregnancy Factor (EPF) measurements in
      infertile patients, we performed a modified rosette inhibition test in 58 women
      after follicular stimulation and/or homologous artificial insemination (AIH). The
      patients were grouped according to the main diagnosis as cervical hostility, poor
      semen quality, and anovulation. While the overall fertilization rate in our
      patients was 39.6%, which is considerably lower than in comparable studies of
      fertile women, the pregnancy rates per EPF positive cycle in the various groups
      were 25.0%, 30.8%, and 50.5%, respectively. As the process of fertilization can
      be detected by EPF measurement within 48 h after ovulation, a distinction can be
      made between failure of fertilization and of implantation. Thus, a valuable
      diagnostic tool has become available for treatment of infertile patients.

PMID- 3407358
TI  - [Mortality and morbidity of thromboembolism in drug prevention--5-year analysis].
AB  - In a period of five years a general medical prevention of postoperative venous
      thromboembolic disease was tested in major gynaecological operations, in patients
      undergoing radium insertions for gynaecological cancer and in patients with
      caesarean section. Preoperatively was the beginning of the daily therapy with
      Dihydroergotamine (DHE) and every four days the therapy with Acetylsalicylic acid
      (ASS). The results of 2,346 therapy-cycles with medical prevention of
      thromboembolic disease in 2,280 patients are reported. Risks of thromboembolic
      disease were in 63% of the gynaecologic patients (mean age 52.4 +/- 8.9 years)
      and in 34% of the obstetrical patients (mean age 24.6 +/- 5.1 years).
      Postoperative bleeding complications occurred in 12 cases (0.5%) and the number
      of reoperations was lower than 1 0/00). Postoperative thromboembolic
      complications were found clinically and radiologically in 0.3% of the patients.
      Letal embolism of the lung happened in 2 patients (0.9 0/00). A general medical
      prevention of thromboembolic disease with DHE and ASS can be recommended because
      of the low rate of postoperative bleeding complications and of the reduced rate
      of postoperative thromboembolic disease. A prevention of thromboembolic disease
      by individual dosage of heparin must be considered in patients at high risk for
      thromboembolic disease.

PMID- 3407359
TI  - [Value of the preventive use of antibiotics following vaginal obstetric
      operations].
AB  - For a period of 6 years 838 puerperal cases after vaginal obstetric operations
      (forceps delivery, vacuum extraction, delivery with speculum, manual placenta
      separation, palpation of the uterus) were critically analysed. The result of the
      studies suggest that an antibiotic or chemoprophylaxis after vaginal obstetric
      operations is not successful because of the relatively low infectious morbidity.
      In obstetrics this prophylaxis is indicated only in delivery by caesarean section
      as a perioperative short-time prophylaxis.

PMID- 3407360
TI  - Adhesion of Staphylococcus aureus to fibrinogen, collagen and lectin in relation
      to cell surface structure.
AB  - The adherence of an encapsulated strain of Staphylococcus aureus, S-P, and its
      variants to fibrinogen-, collagen-, and lectin-coated hydroxyapatite were
      compared. The parent strain, S-P, possesses a large capsule while its variants S
      A and S-B possess a small capsule and microcapsule, respectively. The third
      variant, S-C, has no capsule. Adherence to proteinaceous substances varied
      according to the strains. While all four strains showed a similar degree of
      adhesion to collagen, the adhesion of strains S-A, S-B and S-C to fibrinogen and
      lectin differed from those of strain S-P. The effect of physical and enzymatic
      pretreatment of the strains on adhesion characteristics was measured. Generally,
      these results suggest that both carbohydrate and protein moieties on cell surface
      may be involved in adherence. In addition, the inhibition of adhesion by cell
      surface polymers and monosaccharides was measured. The inhibition of adhesion of
      large capsulated (S-P) and unencapsulated (S-C) strains by proteinaceous
      substances differed. The large capsulated strain (S-P) of S. aureus had different
      adherence capacities in early-, mid-, or late log phases of growth, whereas the
      adherence capacities of the unencapsulated strain S-C remained nearly constant.

PMID- 3407361
TI  - The role of lectins and lipoteichoic acid in adherence of Staphylococcus
      saprophyticus.
AB  - Staphylococcus saprophyticus strains S 1 and S 35 demonstrated lectin like
      surface receptors specific for N-acetylgalactosamine (S 1) or N-acetylneuraminic
      acid (S 35). Adhesion assays with human uroepithelial cells together with
      blocking experiments with competitive carbohydrates suggested that specific
      attachment of S. saprophyticus to host cells is apparently mediated by lectins.
      Staphylococcal lipoteichoic acid (LTA) was also shown to interfere with S.
      saprophyticus adherence to human uroepithelial cells.

PMID- 3407362
TI  - Mezlocillin in pleural effusions--analysis by HPLC.
AB  - Mezlocillin concentrations in the pleural fluid of six patients (42-76 years of
      age, suffering from cytologically confirmed malignant pleural effusions) were
      determined after intravenous infusion of 10 g mezlocillin. Serum and pleural
      fluid samples were withdrawn 15, 30, 45, 60 min, 2, 4, and 8 h post infusion.
      Detection of mezlocillin and its metabolites penicilloic acid and penilloic acid
      was carried out by means of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
      Mezlocillin concentrations in serum increased up to 778 +/- 270 micrograms/ml
      after 15 min, steadily decreasing to 55 +/- 50 micrograms/ml (8 hours post
      infusion) comparable to the known pharmacokinetic behaviour of mezlocillin; in
      the pleural effusions mezlocillin levels increased up to 100 +/- 38 micrograms/ml
      after 1 h. This concentration was maintained throughout the following 7 h.
      Penicilloic levels ranged about 2-4% within serum, whereas levels below 1% were
      measured in the pleural fluid.

PMID- 3407363
TI  - Demonstration of a specific Echinococcus multilocularis antigen in the
      supernatant of in vitro maintained protoscolices.
AB  - Serodiagnosis of echinococcosis is still often met with difficulties resulting
      from unspecific reactions due to crude antigens which contain numerous host
      derived proteins. In order to eliminate host protein contamination we produced
      Echinococcus multilocularis antigen by methods of in vitro technique: Evaginated
      protoscolices of Echinococcus multilocularis isolated from experimentally
      infected Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) were maintained in RPMI 1640
      medium. Although no serum proteins were added, protoscolices could be kept alive
      for more than 2 weeks. The supernatants harvested from protoscolices cultures
      were tested for their immunoreactivity against sera of patients with confirmed
      alveolar or cystic echinococcosis, cysticercosis, schistosomiasis or fascioliasis
      by means of SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting. A polypeptide band at about 62,000 mol.
      mass was identified which proved to be specifically immunoreactive with sera from
      patients with alveolar echinococcosis, whereas sera from patients with cystic
      echinococcosis or with other helminthic infections as well as sera from healthy
      blood-donors did not react with this polypeptide band. Thus, the use of
      supernatant antigen in immunoblotting technique allows a serological
      differentiation between infections with Echinococcus multilocularis and those
      with Echinococcus granulosus and provides an accurate diagnosis of alveolar
      echinococcosis.

PMID- 3407364
TI  - [d-Tartrate-positive Salmonella paratyphi B (var. java): lysotype of 1200 strains
      isolated in France (1975-1985)].
AB  - The 1200 d-tartrate positive (dt+) strains of S. paratyphi B, isolated in France
      during the period 1975-1985, were studied with the aid of the Felix and Callow
      phage-typing system and the results were compared with those of the study of 1945
      d-tartrate negative (dt-) strains of S. paratyphi B examined by means of the same
      phage-typing method. 2359 dt+ and dt- strains were typable and could be assigned
      to 25 recognized phage-types. A great variation in the number of strains of each
      biovar was observed in some phage-types. The proportion of dt+ strains was very
      high (more than 80%) in four of the most frequent phage-types: 1 var. 3 (87.5%),
      1 var. 4 (88.1%), Battersea (90.4%), Worksop (100%); but this proportion was low
      or very low in eight other frequent phage-types: 1 (29%), BAOR (21.1%), 3aI var.
      1 (6.1%), Beccles (5.1%), 3aI var. 4 (4.8%), Dundee (4.7%), 3aI (2.7%), Taunton
      (2.1%). No recognized phage-type found in France can be considered to be specific
      of the variety java of S. paratyphi B, with the exception of the phage-type
      Workshop of all which 76 strains were dt+. On the other hand, 422 dt+ strains
      were atypical and 93 other were untypable by phages. Among 211 dt+ strains
      isolated from frozen foods imported from South East Asia, 81.3% were atypical.
      Six new atypical phage-types were defined and proposed for inclusion into the
      phage-typing schema which is commonly used in epidemiological investigations on
      human and animal infections due to either of the two biovars of S. paratyphi B.

PMID- 3407365
TI  - Chronic extradural haematoma of the posterior fossa. Case report.
AB  - The authors present the case of extradural haematoma of the posterior fossa in a
      four-year-old boy who was successfully operated on seventeen days after he had
      suffered a blow on his occiput. Emphasis is placed on the importance of an early
      CT scan in a patient showing any clinical signs of possible intracranial
      pathology following such injury.

PMID- 3407366
TI  - Odontoid fractures: conservative treatment and halo device in 6 young patients.
AB  - Six patients under the age of 40 with fractures of the odontoid process (4 with
      Anderson type III and 2 with type II) were treated conservatively by
      immobilization in a halo device for 14-16 weeks. The indications for surgical and
      conservative treatment are discussed. Follow-up from 1 to 4 years.

PMID- 3407367
TI  - The value of noncontrast computed tomography (CT) in the diagnosis of herniated
      lumbar disc.
AB  - The authors compared the results of preoperative noncontrast CT-scan with
      surgical findings in 64 patients with lumbar disc prolapse. In 75% of cases CT
      gave full and proper diagnosis confirmed by surgery. In 12.5% the level of hernia
      was well established but its direction was different then found on surgery. In
      3.1% of cases CT was false negative and false positive in 9.4%. The authors
      think, that if CT picture reveals the level of hernia which correlates with
      clinical symptomatology it is absolutely sufficient for planning surgery. In
      cases with divergence between CT picture and clinical findings, myelography
      should be performed for establishing a proper diagnosis.

PMID- 3407368
TI  - Chronic subdural hematomas presenting as cerebral stroke.
AB  - The authors report five cases of chronic subdural hematomas which suggested the
      diagnosis of cerebral ischemic stroke. After surgery all neurological signs
      returned to normal within 48 hours. The probable mechanism of such unusual course
      of illness is the reduction of cerebral blood flow caused by mechanical pressure
      of hematoma on cerebral tissue. The authors stress the importance of CT--scan in
      stroke patients.

PMID- 3407369
TI  - [Diagnostic error of "multiple sclerosis" in brain tumor].
AB  - In individual cases the differential diagnosis Multiple Sclerosis or Cerebral
      Tumour may be difficult. It is only by using all diagnostic possibilities that
      the true nature of the disease can be cleared up. Two own observations illustrate
      these problems.

PMID- 3407370
TI  - [New aspects of the diagnosis and therapy of microangioma].
AB  - Microangioma means a clinical entity of different arterio-venous vascular
      malformations. Often so called atypical intracerebral hemorrhage or a symptomatic
      epilepsy are caused by these malformations. Nowerdays diagnosis is much more
      easier by the new imaging devices like CT and MRI. Especially MRI allows to
      interpretate the dignity and exact localisation of these malformations. Therefore
      microsurgical extirpation without postoperative morbidity becomes possible.

PMID- 3407371
TI  - [Relation of alpha wave asymmetry to other laterality findings in schizophrenic
      patients and healthy controls].
AB  - Thirty two right-handed patients with acute paranoid hallucinatory schizophrenia
      treated without drugs and thirty two right-handed healthy controls were
      investigated with the aim of finding out, if the results obtained from the tests
      in laterality correlated with the asymmetries in the alphawaves of the EEG data.
      As the most important result of the study, we could establish that in the
      patients, in contrast to the controls the alphawaves occurred on the right
      hemisphere whatever the additional findings in laterality were. The present
      results obtained from our patients indicate that in this stage of the disease the
      right hemisphere is relatively autonomous.

PMID- 3407372
TI  - [Gliomatous tumor of the spinal canal. Clinical aspects and long-term results].
AB  - Within a period of 27 years 62 patients were operated on because of glial
      tumours. In 30 cases these were ependymomas. In another 32 patients gliomas were
      identified histologically. In each case 31 men and 31 women were affected. At the
      time of the operation, almost two thirds of the patients were no longer able to
      walk without help. In 41 per cent of the patients the operation brought an
      improvement. A total of 33.9 per cent were able to walk on their own and 8.1 per
      cent could walk when given help. Fourteen patients (22.6%) became fit to work.
      Nine patients (14.5%) are in need of care. The total mortality within an after
      observation period of three years amounted to 40.3 per cent (25 cases).

PMID- 3407373
TI  - Purification of rabbit skeletal muscle troponin C.
AB  - Troponin C binds to phenyl-Sepharose in the presence of Ca2+ and can be eluted
      with EDTA. This property was used as an essential step in the purification of
      this protein from rabbit skeletal muscle. Troponin C was extracted with 6M urea
      from extensively washed ground muscle. The protein was bound to and eluted from
      DEAE-Sephadex, fractionated by size on Sephadex G75, and in a final step purified
      from UV-absorbing non-protein impurities on phenyl-Sepharose. The total yield of
      electrophoretically pure protein was 60 mg per 100 g of muscle, which is
      considerably higher than that previously obtained.

PMID- 3407374
TI  - The lipid lowering effect of an anti-diabetic plant extract.
AB  - An antidiabetic plant extract, in common use by Kuwaiti diabetics, was
      investigated for its hypolipidemic effect using both streptozotocin-induced
      diabetic and normal rats. The extract significantly decreased blood triglycerides
      under diabetic conditions only (p less than 0.01), while it decreased cholesterol
      in both normal (p less than 0.01) and diabetic rats (p less than 0.05). The
      hypolipidemia was accompanied by significant lowering of ketone bodies both in
      fasted normal and diabetic animals, in addition to decreasing free fatty acids in
      treated diabetic rats (p less than 0.005). Moreover, the extract prevented
      reduction in body weight observed in diabetic animals. In contrast to some other
      antidiabetic plant extracts, the present preparation seems to offer the
      additional benefit of lipid-lowering property.

PMID- 3407375
TI  - Some characteristics of neutrophils from diabetic patients and their relation to
      the levels of circulating immune complexes.
AB  - In the present work we studied different characteristics of neutrophils from
      diabetic patients and their relation to the levels of circulating immune
      complexes (CIC). Twenty-five insulin-dependent (IDD) and 25 non-insulin-dependent
      diabetic (NIDD) patients were evaluated. Each group was then subdivided according
      to the presence or absence of microvascular complications (MC). We found that the
      chemiluminescence (CL) emitted by opsonized zymosan (Zop) stimulated neutrophils
      in IDD and NIDD patients was significantly increased when compared to healthy
      subjects (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.02, respectively). The CL values
      were correlated to CIC levels and both parameters were related to the presence of
      MC. On the other hand, the percentage of neutrophils capable of reducing
      nitroblue tetrazolium was diminished in the two groups of diabetic patients (p
      less than 0.05 for IDD and p less than 0.01 for NIDD). The percentage of
      neutrophils with functional C3b receptors was normal in diabetic patients;
      however, the proportion of phagocytic cells through Fc receptors was
      significantly decreased in both types of patients (p less than 0.05 and p less
      than 0.01 for IDD and NIDD, respectively). Furthermore, the number of
      granulocytes with immune complexes (IC) bound to their cell surface was increased
      in diabetics. We suggest that the increase of CIC level may produce an increase
      in IC binding to the neutrophil membrane. These IC could block the Fc receptors,
      diminish phagocytic capacity and, simultaneously, stimulate the release of toxic
      oxygen products, thus contributing to produce tissue damage.

PMID- 3407376
TI  - Acetylator phenotypes in diabetes mellitus.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to establish the correlation between the
      genetically determined rate of acetylation of certain drugs and the development
      of diabetic neuropathy. Acetylator phenotype was determined according to Evans in
      100 healthy individuals and 160 diabetics including 80 patients with type I and
      80 with type II diabetes. The diagnosis of diabetic neuropathy was based on
      clinical neurological examination. In addition, electrostimulation was carried
      out in 49 diabetics. Among the healthy controls, the fast acetylator phenotype
      was found in 44 cases (44%) and the slow one in 56 (56%). In type I diabetes
      these values were 51 (64%) and 29 (36%), in type II 46 (58%) and 34 (42%),
      respectively. The predominance of fast acetylators in type I diabetes was
      statistically significant (p less than 0.01) when compared to the healthy
      population of Warsaw. However, no significant correlation was found between
      diabetic neuropathy and the distribution of acetylator phenotype. Further
      prospective studies are necessary in order to ascertain whether the acetylator
      phenotype might be considered a genetic marker of type I diabetes.

PMID- 3407377
TI  - Surgical septic complications in diabetic patients.
AB  - In a retrospective study postoperative septic complications were evaluated in 140
      insulin-dependent diabetic patients who underwent surgery. The data collected
      were matched with those of a group of non-diabetic patients, homogeneous for sex,
      age, and type of surgical procedure. Patients of each group were further divided
      into 3 subgroups according to the risk of intraoperative contamination (clean-,
      clean-contaminated, and contaminated procedures). Diabetic patients had a
      significantly (p less than 0.01) higher rate of septic complications in clean-
      and clean-contaminated procedures particularly of wound infections. Our
      experience suggests that diabetes represents an important risk factor.

PMID- 3407378
TI  - Effect of plasma metformin concentrations on serum lipid levels in type II
      diabetic patients.
AB  - In this study we evaluated the relationships between plasma metformin levels,
      measured by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, and serum lipid
      levels in 20 metformin-treated, type II diabetic patients. Mean fasting plasma
      metformin concentration was 490 +/- 188 ng/ml. No correlation was found between
      daily dose of drug and lipid parameters. A significant correlation emerged
      between circulating metformin concentration and serum triglycerides (r = -0.574,
      p less than 0.01), HDL-cholesterol (r = 0.583, p less than 0.01) and HDL2
      cholesterol (r = 0.670, p less than 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis
      showed that the correlation between plasma metformin concentration and serum
      triglycerides still remained significant after correction for other clinical and
      metabolic parameters. Total cholesterol and HDL3-cholesterol were not correlated
      with metformin concentrations. These results demonstrate the clinical usefulness
      of measuring plasma metformin concentrations and indicate that some effects of
      metformin on lipid metabolism depend on the drug plasma levels.

PMID- 3407379
TI  - Platelet hyper- and hypoaggregability in different microangiopathic complications
      of diabetes mellitus.
AB  - In vitro platelet aggregometry was performed in 201 patients with diabetes
      mellitus, and in 106 controls. The complication-free and retinopathic patients
      showed hyperaggregability to collagen and arachidonic acid, and also to
      epinephrine and adenosine diphosphate when neuropathy occurred. Patients with
      nephropathy, both with and without azotemia, had diminished in vitro platelet
      responses to each of the four stimuli as compared to age- and sex-matched
      controls. These characteristics were independent of the type of diabetes. It is
      concluded that diabetic nephropathy is characterized by reduced platelet in vitro
      reactivity. Further research is necessary to explain in vitro hypoaggregability
      in contrast to the numerous proofs of in vivo hyperfunction of platelets in
      diabetes.

PMID- 3407380
TI  - [Facial nerve of the Chimaera (Chimaera phantasma) and its comparison with the
      trigeminal, glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves].

PMID- 3407381
TI  - [Nerve supply of the ventral trunk musculature of the brown caiman (Caiman
      crocodilus fuscus: Alligatoridae, Crocodilia), and its morphological
      consideration].

PMID- 3407382
TI  - [An anomalous case of the right subclavian artery as the last branch of the
      aortic arch].

PMID- 3407383
TI  - EEG changes under hyperbaric conditions: spectral analysis during simulated
      diving.
AB  - Continuing investigations of the influences of the hyperbaric pressure upon EEG
      record in divers during simulated diving. The hyperbaric ecological system exerts
      influences on brain bioelectric activity manifesting itself by changes of alpha
      frequency and appearance of slow waves. The changes in the brain activity are
      mostly observable at the changes in chamber pressure values. The changes in EEG
      recordings are smallest at constant pressures. EEG examination can be used as a
      measure of the safety of newly developed decompression schedules.

PMID- 3407384
TI  - Epidemiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in the province of Modena, Italy.
      Influence of environmental exposure to lead.
AB  - A retrospective study of all admissions to the University of Modena Neurological
      Department from 1976-1986; 51 cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) were
      found. ALS mean annual incidence was 0.78/100,000 inhabitants, while prevalence
      was 2.35/100,000. Mean age at onset was 61.43 years, mean and median duration of
      illness were, respectively, 28.83 and 24.5 months, and survival at 5 years post
      onset was 24.4%. A tendency to higher incidence and prevalence of ALS in the
      ceramic district, when compared with those of the rest of the province was found.
      However, the small number of cases did not allow any conclusive statistical
      correlation between environmental exposure to lead and frequency of ALS.

PMID- 3407385
TI  - Effect of ascorbic acid administration on copper-induced changes of rat brain
      hypothalamic catecholamine contents.
AB  - The concentration of copper in the rat brain hypothalamus showed a dose-dependent
      increase with the administration of copper ions. With doses larger than 3 mg/kg
      the copper content was higher when measured 30 min after administration of the
      metal and was depleted to near control values after 6 h. Copper ions in doses of
      3, 5 and 10 mg/kg increased dopamine and decreased noradrenaline contents of the
      hypothalamus in a non-linear fashion. Peak hypothalamic dopamine content was
      found 30 min after injection of copper (5 mg/kg) which returned to normal levels
      after 6 h. Ascorbic acid (500 mg/kg) administration prevented the copper-induced
      dopamine increase in the brain. Ascorbic acid also caused the copper content of
      the tissue to decrease in both normal and copper-receiving rats. However, the
      effect of the vitamin on catecholamine content of the hypothalamus was opposite
      to that of copper ions, i.e. it caused noradrenaline to increase and dopamine to
      decrease in comparison to control values. The results suggest that ascorbic acid
      may reduce the effects of excessive copper deposition in the brain hypothalamus.

PMID- 3407386
TI  - Subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy: a clinical and radionuclide brain
      scintiscan study.
AB  - Thirty Chinese patients with clinical and computed tomographic (CT) features of
      subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy (SAE) were reviewed. It is concluded
      that the features were sufficiently characteristic for SAE to be considered as a
      sub-category of cerebrovascular disease and an identifiable cause of dementia in
      the elderly. Sixteen patients in this series underwent radioisotope brain
      scintiscan, in which the dynamic radionuclide scintiangiography (RSA) correlated
      with the clinical course. An increased mean plateau/peak value in the hemispheric
      curves is seen in the deteriorating patients in contrast to the stable patients.

PMID- 3407387
TI  - Friedreich's ataxia: a clinical review of 20 childhood cases.
AB  - The authors report the clinical review of 20 childhood cases with Friedreich's
      ataxia. The mean age at onset of symptoms was 6.1 years. The main presenting
      symptom was abnormal gait (100%). Ataxia of gait and limbs and depressed or
      absent tendon reflexes were found in all cases. Clinical findings are in
      accordance with the findings of Harding and Werdelin. Neurophysiological studies
      (especially sensory) are important in the confirmation of the diagnosis. Of the
      10 cases in which sensory nerve conduction velocity measurements were performed,
      7 had absent sensory action potentials, 2 had decreased potentials and one was
      normal. In our study, it is shown that in patients having ataxic gait, ataxia of
      limbs and tendon reflexes depression or loss, Friedreich's ataxia may be
      diagnosed with the help of electrophysiological studies.

PMID- 3407388
TI  - The long-term effect of clobazam as adjunctive therapy in epilepsy.
AB  - Thirty drug-resistant epilepsy patients were given 20-30 mg of clobazam in
      addition to their other anticonvulsants and followed up for 2-3 years in an open
      ended study. Fit frequency was markedly reduced in 43% of patients, few side
      effects occurred and psychological parameters including the Crown-Crisp
      questionnaire, showed improvement. It therefore seems that clobazam is a useful
      additional drug added to conventional anticonvulsant regimes.

PMID- 3407389
TI  - Discomfort after fascicular sural nerve biopsy.
AB  - Sural nerve biopsy may, in selected cases, give valuable information in the
      investigation of patients with polyneuropathy. The prevalence and severity of
      patient discomfort after fascicular nerve biopsy was investigated in 67 patients
      by a mailed questionnaire. A lasting (greater than 6 months) significant
      discomfort was found in 6 patients (11%), in 3 of these the symptoms were graded
      as severe. Thus, sural nerve biopsy should be limited to cases in which important
      information may be expected and the patients should be carefully informed of the
      risks of long-lasting discomfort.

PMID- 3407390
TI  - Ondine's curse in listeria monocytogenes brain stem encephalitis.
AB  - A case of necrotizing brain stem encephalitis due to listeria monocytogenes is
      described in a 48-year-old man who had brain stem encephalitis of complicated
      course and with selective destruction of the vasomotoric and respiratory centers.
      He developed that very rare Ondine's curse syndrome, being only able to breathe
      when awake. The literature on Ondine's curse and brain stem encephalitis due to
      LM is reviewed. Brain stem encephalitis has a mortality near 100%. The only
      treatment for Ondine's curse is lifelong artificial ventilation.

PMID- 3407391
TI  - The use of long-term clonazepam (CZP) monotherapy in previously untreated
      epileptics.

PMID- 3407392
TI  - Study of axonal dystrophy. III. Posterior funiculus and posterior column of
      ageing and old rats.
AB  - Axonal dystrophy in normal ageing can be studied in experimental animals. Primary
      sensory neurones show two different kinds of change with ageing, i.e. axonal
      dystrophy and axonal atrophy (degeneration). This paper reports the chronology
      and topography of these two processes in relation to growth and involution of
      these neurones throughout the lifespan of the rats used in this study. Axonal
      spheroids preferentially form at presynaptic terminal regions in many of the
      collaterals of central branches of the axons, i.e. in the posterior funiculus
      nuclei, posterior column and posterior funiculus. Axonal dystrophy in normal
      ageing is essentially a morbid process restricted to the terminal parts of the
      axon. It shows little tendency to expand retrogradely along the axon. Evidence is
      presented that spheroids in posterior funiculus also derive from terminal axons.
      Preference is also noted in the lumbosacral rather than cervical neurons, and in
      longer (posterior funiculus nuclei) rather than shorter (posterior column)
      collaterals. Quantitative study of myelinated fibres in posterior funiculus shows
      that they increase in number until middle age (400 days) of the animals, before
      beginning to decline. On the other hand, axonal atrophy begins to appear early in
      small numbers, and increases in numbers with age. Atrophy involves the whole
      length of the axon within the posterior funiculus from the start, suggesting,
      therefore, that it does not belong to a dying-back process. It is noteworthy that
      the main development of axonal dystrophy lies in the earlier half of the animals'
      life, while that of axonal atrophy lies in the latter half. This fact adds to the
      evidence that axonal dystrophy, as far as in normal ageing is concerned, is more
      related to the positive side of neuronal activity, e.g. one form of growth
      abnormality of axon.

PMID- 3407393
TI  - An immunohistochemical study of glial fibrillary acidic (GFA) protein and S-100
      protein in the colon affected by Hirschsprung's disease.
AB  - The supportive cells of the enteric nervous system were examined in gut tissues
      from 15 patients with Hirschsprung's disease by means of immunohistochemistry,
      utilizing antisera to glial fibrillary acidic (GFA) protein and S-100 protein. In
      the normoganglionic segment, GFA protein immunoreactivity was predominantly found
      in association with the myenteric plexus and to a lesser extent in the submucous
      plexus. On the other hand, the extrinsic, hypertrophic nerve fasciculi were
      selectively immunostained with GFA protein antiserum throughout the entire length
      of the aganglionic intestinal walls from all children studied. The large
      fasciculi were numerous in the distal aganglionic segment and commonly appeared
      in the intermuscular zone and submucosal connective tissue. Both small- and
      medium-sized nerve fasciculi with GFA protein immunoreactivity were also
      encountered within the circular muscle layer of the proximal aganglionic segment.
      A subpopulation of supportive cells within the hypertrophic nerve fasciculi
      showed immunoreactivity for GFA protein, while all supportive elements of these
      fasciculi were stained for S-100 protein. The intrinsic nerve fibers within the
      circular muscle layer of normoganglionic segments were stained for S-100 protein,
      but not for GFA protein. The present study supports our previous findings that
      two types of supportive cells can be differentiated by immunohistochemistry in
      the enteric nervous system, utilizing antisera to GFA protein and S-100 protein.
      It is also concluded that the demonstration of GFA protein by immunohistochemical
      methods favors the diagnosis of aganglionic colons with Hirschsprung's disease,
      since GFA protein immunoreactivity is confined to the extrinsic, hypertrophic
      nerve fasciculi characteristic of aganglionic bowels.

PMID- 3407394
TI  - Nuclear bridges within multinucleated giant cells in subacute encephalitis of
      acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).
AB  - Six cases of subacute encephalitis in AIDS were examined with special reference
      to the nuclear morphology of multinucleated giant cells (MGC's). Although rare in
      some, all cases showed nuclear bridges which were thin strands connecting
      individual nuclei. Even more frequently observed were nuclear processes which
      were probably parts of nuclear bridges or disconnected ends of nuclear bridges.
      Nuclear bridges and processes were not features of mitosis but were composed of
      nucleoplasm. They appear to be a feature of MGC's in AIDS but may not be limited
      to this condition.

PMID- 3407395
TI  - Freeze-fracture studies of myofiber plasma membrane in X chromosome-linked
      muscular dystrophy (mdx) mice.
AB  - The structure of the muscle plasma membrane of extensor digitorum longus muscles
      of X chromosome-linked muscular dystrophy (mdx) mice was studied by freeze
      fracture technique at several time points after birth. The common denominator of
      the abnormalities was the decreased density of orthogonal arrays throughout all
      the time points examined. The results demonstrated that the ultrastructural
      features of the muscle plasma membrane alterations in mdx mice were similar to
      those in Duchenne dystrophy.

PMID- 3407396
TI  - The toxin kainic acid: a study of avian nerve and glial cell response utilizing
      tritiated kainic acid and electron microscopic autoradiography.
AB  - Three questions are asked regarding the toxin kainic acid (KA). Does it destroy
      specific glial cells as well as neurons? Does KA gain access to the cytoplasm in
      intact cells and to which organelles does it bind? Intracerebral injections of
      tritiated KA into the pigeon (Columba livia) paleostriatal complex (basal
      ganglia) coupled with electron microscopic autoradiography revealed the following
      major points. Kainic acid destroyes oligodendrocytes, with pathophysiology
      apparent by 30 min after challenge with KA leading to cell destruction by 4 h.
      The response of astrocytes at the longest observation period (4 h) involves
      swelling of perivascular endfeet and processes in the neuropil. Reactive
      microglial-like cells show an accumulation of label in their cytoplasm, but no
      apparent morphological changes. The label appears in the cytoplasm of intact
      cells, both glia and neurons early after challenge with the toxin. Label is
      associated (bound) with mitochondria at an incidence significantly above chance
      at 30 min, 2 and 4 h after challenge with KA. Two hours after exposure to KA is
      the critical period where metabolic, physiological and morphological changes
      occur that lead to cell death. Cell destruction may be a consequence of KA
      induced energy depletion. Kainate may interfere with adequate energy production
      by uncoupling glycolysis and the Krebs cycle in the mitochondria.

PMID- 3407397
TI  - Retinal S-antigen immunoreactivity in medulloblastomas.
AB  - A series of 16 cerebellar medulloblastomas were studied immunohistochemically
      using a four-step immunoperoxidase (PAP) method and a monoclonal antibody (MAbA9
      C6) which defines an epitope of the retinal S-antigen, a protein known to occur
      in retinal photoreceptor cells and pinealocytes of the pineal gland as well as in
      retinoblastomas, pineocytomas and pineoblastomas. Immunopositivity was
      demonstrated in a variable number of tumor cells in 50% of the cases. This
      finding may be an indication of a differentiation potential of medulloblastomas
      along the photoreceptor cell lineage. Alternatively, it may simply indicate the
      non-specificity of the retinal antigen in the neoplastic state.

PMID- 3407398
TI  - Sporadic lower motor neuron disease with Lewy body-like inclusions: a new
      subgroup?
AB  - A sporadic case of lower motor neuron disease with Lewy body-like inclusions is
      presented. A woman of 69, 6 months before death, had a history of muscle weakness
      and atrophy of the four extremities. Neuropathological examination revealed
      neuronal loss and associated gliosis in the anterior horns of the whole spinal
      cord. The cytoplasm of some of the remaining neurons contained Lewy body-like
      inclusions. Bunina bodies, or both. Spheroids and cord-like thickenings of cell
      processes were also observed in the anterior horns. A few neurons showed
      argentophilia of the cytoplasm. No tract degeneration was detectable in the white
      matter of the spinal cord. The present case and two reported similar cases may
      constitute a new subgroup of motor neuron disease.

PMID- 3407399
TI  - Focal intracerebral accumulation of a novel type of amyloid protein. An early
      stage of cerebral amyloidoma?
AB  - The brain of a 60-year-old patient with bronchial carcinoma presented a focal
      amyloid deposit in the white matter associated with myelin and axonal
      destruction. An additional lesion was found in the basal ganglia. This silent
      focal intracerebral accumulation of amyloid substance may be a prestadium of a
      "cerebral amyloidoma". The histochemical and immunohistochemical analysis of the
      accumulated amyloid indicated that it may belong to a novel type of amyloid.

PMID- 3407400
TI  - Mitochondrial angiopathy in cerebral blood vessels of mitochondrial
      encephalomyopathy.

PMID- 3407401
TI  - [Proposal for a new simplified method for the reflexometric prediction of the
      auditory threshold].

PMID- 3407402
TI  - [Immune status and HLA phenotype in 2 pairs of brothers operated on for laryngeal
      neoplasms].

PMID- 3407403
TI  - [Localizations of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in otorhinolaryngology].

PMID- 3407404
TI  - [Esophageal carcinoma in patients treated for epidermoid carcinoma of the head
      and neck region].

PMID- 3407405
TI  - [Results of radiotherapy alone or combined with surgery in the treatment of
      carcinoma of the hypopharynx].

PMID- 3407406
TI  - [Conservation of the mandibular arch in the surgery of carcinoma of the tonsillar
      region. Description of a new surgical technic].

PMID- 3407407
TI  - [Otoneurological findings in sleep apnea syndrome].

PMID- 3407408
TI  - [Mucous melanoma of the upper aerodigestive tract: personal observation of 4
      cases].

PMID- 3407409
TI  - A new approach to the theory of tabletting.

PMID- 3407410
TI  - [Determination of serum trimethoprim levels by reversed-phase liquid
      chromatography].

PMID- 3407411
TI  - [New highly sensitive liquid chromatographic method for the determination of
      antimicrobial substances in biological fluids].

PMID- 3407412
TI  - Comparative studies on the central effects of the angiotensin II analogue (Sar1
      azaVal3 Ile8) AT II.
AB  - The effects of the newly-synthesized AT II analogue (Sar1 azaVal3 Ile8) AT II
      were investigated in comparison with the octapeptide AT II and the analogue
      saralazin (Sar1 Ala8) AT II, using intracerebroventricular administration, with
      respect to the following parameters: the level of biogenic monoamines (DA, NA and
      5-HT) and the metabolites HVA and 5-HIAA in mouse forebrain; the behaviour of the
      animals--cataleptogenic actions of mice, PTZ convulsive--seizure threshold in
      mice, apomorphine stereotypy in rats and behaviour of rats in a conflict
      situation. The analogue (Sar1 azaVal3 Ile8) AT II, unlike saralazin and AT II,
      was found to induce a rise in the NA and 5-HT levels, causing also catalepsy that
      is different from the catalepsy induced by saralazine, AT II and haloperidol,
      because of its rapid onset and decline; it increases the PTZ convulsive--seizure
      threshold and reduces the number of punished responses to the conflict drinking
      test (anxiomimetic effect) in a dose 20 times lower than the dose inducing the
      remaining effects. This effect was antagonized by saralazine. It is concluded
      that the newly-synthesized analogue (Sar1 azaVal3 Ile8) AT II induces effects
      similar to those caused by AT II, being at the same time different to a certain
      extent from the effects (quantitative and qualitative) of octapeptide AT II.

PMID- 3407413
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of vephylline--a new N-substituted theophylline derivative.
AB  - Vephylline (7,2-bis-2-hydroxyethylamino-1, 3-dimethylxanthine tartarate) is a
      xanthine derivative with high bronchodilating activity, low toxicity, and weak
      effects on the central nervous system. The aim of this study is to determine the
      pharmacokinetic parameters of vephylline after intravenous and oral (in solution
      and in tablets) administration to rabbits. Vephylline (dose 50 mg/kg b.w.
      intravenousely and orally in solution and dose 53.5 mg/kg b.w. in the form of
      tablets) is administered to the rabbits in an autocontrol crossover design at 7
      days intervals. After the intravenous administration the distribution is
      relatively fast (t1/2 alpha = 3.28h). High values of the apparent volume of
      distribution--12.15 1/kg suggest tissue accumulation. Elimination is considerably
      slower (t1/2 beta = 19,00 h) than distribution. After oral administration of the
      drug in solution the absorption half-life is short and the bioavailability is
      relatively high. Peak plasma levels are attained at the first hour. The
      differences in the distribution and elimination patterns for vephylline and
      theophyline could determine a longer effect for the new bronchodilating drug. The
      results are discussed in regard to the future clinical application of vephylline.

PMID- 3407414
TI  - Influence of the combined chemotherapeutic drug tuboprim on drug metabolism.
AB  - Tuboprim (Pharmachim, Bulgaria) is a combined synergistic chemotherapeutic drug,
      containing rifampicin (Tubocin-Pharmachim) (TB) and trimetoprim (TM). In
      experiments on rats and mice the influence of single and repeated (4 days) doses
      of Tuboprim and of the corresponding doses of TB and TM on some drug metabolizing
      enzyme systems and other factors of drug metabolism was studied. The following
      indices were investigated: hexobarbital sleeping time (HBST), activities of
      hexobarbital oxidaze (HBO), aniline hydroxylase (AH), ethylmorphine-N-demethylase
      (EMND), uridindiphosphoglucuronyl-transferase (UDPGT), NADPH-cytochrome-C
      reductase and the cytochrome P-450, cytochrome b5 and microsomal protein
      contents. A single dose of TB (100 mg/kg in rats and 80 mg/kg in mice) inhibited
      HBO, EMND and AH; TM (30 mg/kg in rats and 20 mg/kg in mice) inhibited HBO and
      EMND, whereas Tuboprim inhibited EMND only. Repeated (4 days) treatment with TB
      provoked an induction of HBO, AH, and EMND accompanied by an increase of NADPH
      Cyt-C reductase and cytochrome P-450, hem and microsomal protein content.
      Trimetoprim stimulated EMND only. The combined drug Tuboprim also produced an
      enzyme induction, but to a considerably less degree than did TB alone. UDPGT
      activity was not significantly changed.

PMID- 3407415
TI  - Excretory function of intact kidney after contralateral denervation on
      unanaesthetized dogs.
AB  - The experiments were carried out on unanaesthetized dogs with exteriorized
      ureters. The left kidney was denervated. The function of the left and right
      kidneys was compared prior to and after furosemide administration, 0.2 mg/kg b.
      w. The function of the right intact kidney prior to and after left kidney
      denervation was also compared. The concentrations of sodium, potassium, chloride,
      calcium, magnesium, zinc, copper, urea, and creatinine in plasma and urine were
      determined. Denervation of the left kidney was followed by an increase of
      diuresis, calcium, and copper excretion from the denervated kidney. After
      furosemide administration the chloride excretion from the side of denervation was
      also observed to increase. The changes in the excretory function of the left
      kidney after denervation were not accompanied by changes in excretory function of
      right (intact) kidney. The excretory function of the intact kidney after
      denervation of contralateral kidney and furosemide administration did not differ
      from that prior to denervation and furosemide administration. In unanaesthetized
      dogs no changes in the excretory function of intact kidney were observed as a
      result of contralateral kidney denervation.

PMID- 3407416
TI  - On the in vitro cytotoxicity of 1-chloroethyl-2-chloromethyl-2-imidazoline
      hydrochloride.
AB  - The cytotoxic activity of the monofunctional alkylating agent 1-chloroethyl-2
      chloromethyl-2-imidazoline hydrochloride (chlorimidazine), synthesized according
      to predetermined properties, is characterized. The data obtained show that the
      substance has a cell-cycle state nonspecific cytotoxic effect. The interaction of
      chlorimidazine with cellular DNA is traced. It is found that the substance does
      not induce a break in the macromolecule, apurine sites or intercalation. Ensuing
      from the chemical structure of the compound, the probable mechanism of its
      cytotoxic action is discussed.

PMID- 3407417
TI  - Phosphatidylcholine peroxidation induced by Cu(II) and some Cu(II) complexes.
AB  - We established that Cu(II) and its complexes with aspirin, indomethacin and
      cimetidine produced lipid peroxidation in phosphatidylcholine suspension. Ionic
      copper was found to have the most pronounced effect, while the effect of the
      complexes depends on the ligand. Neither of the ligands exerted a prooxidative
      effect. NADH sharply increased the effects of Cu(II) and its complexes. In
      contrast, in the presence of ascorbate the prooxidative effect of Cu(II) and its
      complexes decreased. Cu(II) and its complexes strongly inhibited ascorbate
      induced lipid peroxidation. Using antioxidant substances, enzymes and copper
      chelating agents, we attempted to explain the observed effects of Cu(II) and its
      complexes.

PMID- 3407418
TI  - On the processing rate of gratings superimposed on gratings.
AB  - Psychophysical and electrophysiological experiments suggest that visual image
      processing is effectuated successively as regard as its spatial frequency (SF)
      content, low SF-information being processed faster than high SF-information. In
      an investigation of the effect of exposure time on the detection threshold of a
      test grating superimposed on a high-contrast masking grating Mezrich (1978) has
      obtained data which he interprets as suggesting the reverse spatio-temporal
      relationship in processing of suprathreshold masking stimuli, namely, that
      processing latency decreases with increasing SF. The experiments described in the
      present paper confirmed his data. It was, however, shown that his results are not
      related to the processing rate of the masking stimulus and can be explained by an
      impaired temporal summation due to reduced signal-to-noise ratio or to
      interchannel interaction.

PMID- 3407419
TI  - New observations on the violet mechanism in man as revealed by the VECP.
AB  - The violet mechanism of the human visual system was studied in 14 trichromats by
      recording visually evoked cortical potential (VECP). Stimulus was a 10 degrees
      test light of 451 or 489 nm and of 700 ms duration, superimposed on a 15 degrees
      steady adaptation field of 574 nm (20,000 td). The violet mechanism was
      identified by measuring the relative radiation intensity necessary for a constant
      response to 489 and 451 nm. Both for the sensory threshold and for a constant
      VECP the radiation intensity was found to be 0.4 log unit higher for 489 nm than
      for 451 nm. The VECP components elicited by violet light (451 nm) exhibited
      individual and intraindividual variations more than those to a red (630 nm) test
      light. A full sequence of VECP components (P1, N1, P2, N2, P3) to violet light
      was seen occasionally. Regularly recorded were N2 and P3. The component P2 was
      missing as soon as the radiation intensity exceeded the sensory threshold by more
      than 1 log unit. Similarly, saturation of the N2--P3 amplitude occurred at test
      light intensities 1.3 log unit above the sensory threshold. Increasing the size
      of test field from 8 degrees to 14 degrees resulted in an increase of the P2
      amplitude. The VECP to violet as compared to red light exhibited smaller
      amplitudes and a slower time course of all potential components as well as 20 to
      55 ms longer latencies. In contrast to the red and the green mechanism where
      VECPs of larger amplitude were seen both at onset and offset of the stimulus, off
      components were recorded to violet light only occasionally.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3407420
TI  - The Italian mental health reform nine years on.
AB  - It is 9 years since the mental health reform was passed by the Italian
      Parliament. The author presents a data-based evaluation of the effects of the
      Italian mental health reform. There are still many problems to be resolved: More
      than 30,000 inpatients are still in psychiatric hospitals and little is known of
      the fate of those discharged in recent years. District mental health services are
      still lacking, especially in the south of the country; Psychiatric units in the
      general hospital function much the same way as the "old" psychiatric hospitals.
      The pattern of mental health services consumers have changed: They are younger
      with less severe psychiatric diagnosis and come from a higher social background.

PMID- 3407421
TI  - The effect of long-term treatment with clozapine in schizophrenia: a
      retrospective study in 96 patients treated with clozapine for up to 13 years.
AB  - A retrospective study was performed to evaluate the effect of long-term treatment
      with clozapine in 96 schizophrenic or schizoaffective patients hospitalized at
      the Psychiatric Research Center in Uppsala during the period 1974-1986. All
      patients had previously been treated with different neuroleptics but with
      inadequate response or distressing side effects. The mean duration of the
      disorder at the start of clozapine treatment was 8 years and 9 months and the
      mean duration of the treatment 3 years and 11 months. Clozapine treatment was
      discontinued in 36% of the patients, mainly due to lack of efficacy, poor
      compliance or temporary withdrawal of the drug from the market in 1975. In two
      patients the reason was leukopenia or agranulocytosis. In another 10 patients a
      transient decrement of WBC was seen, which was normalized during ongoing
      treatment. Four patients died when on clozapine during the follow-up period, but
      no causal relationship to the treatment could be established. Eighty-five per
      cent of the patients could be discharged from the hospital. Of the 62 patients
      who were still on clozapine after 2 years, 18% had full time and 21% half-time
      employment. A global evaluation of the clinical efficacy revealed a significant
      improvement in 43% and a moderate improvement in 38% of the patients compared to
      previous neuroleptic treatments. Common but usually mild side effects were
      sedation, hypersalivation, weight gain, and obstipation. Four patients had grand
      mal seizures. No extrapyramidal side effects were observed during clozapine
      treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3407422
TI  - Completed suicides and traffic accidents: longitudinal analysis in France.
AB  - In order to assess the relationship between suicidal behavior and traffic
      accidents, we analyzed the seasonal patterns of completed suicides and deaths
      related to traffic accidents in France over a period of 8 years. We found a clear
      seasonal rhythm of completed suicides with a peak in May, and an additional peak
      in September. The traffic accident rate also underwent seasonal variations with
      maximum values occurring in the fall. No positive covariation between the
      seasonal patterns of suicide and traffic accidents was detected. The lack of
      temporal relationship between suicide and traffic accident is consistent with
      recent epidemiological studies, and suggests that fatal traffic accidents and
      suicidal behavior may not be related.

PMID- 3407423
TI  - Validity of Axis V of DSM-III and other measures of adaptive functioning.
AB  - In order to address validity issues which have not been adequately explored in
      the existing literature on Axis V, the authors compared ratings on this axis with
      ratings on three other measures of adaptive functioning (Social Competence,
      premorbid and present) in a diagnostically heterogeneous group of 195 referred
      adolescents. It was found that correlations amongst the measures were moderate,
      except between premorbid and present functioning, which was high. Axis V was
      found to be comparable with a measure of premorbid functioning while Social
      Competence was similar to present functioning.

PMID- 3407424
TI  - A multivariate predictor analysis of course and outcome in delusional psychosis.
AB  - The purpose of the study was to examine whether certain social variables of first
      admitted patients with delusional psychosis were of predictive value of course
      and outcome as illuminated through the dimensions: psychiatric symptoms,
      impairment, remission, and relapse at 2-year follow-up. Furthermore, the aim was
      to perform a multivariate analysis of the most informative clinical and social
      predictors of course and outcome. Several predictors were significantly
      associated with at least one of the dimensions of poor outcome. In the
      multivariate logistic analysis an independent significant effect was assigned to
      male sex, no work, no evasiveness of delusions, perceptual disorder,
      preoccupation with delusions, dread, and few social contacts. The most
      informative clinical and social predictors yielded a maximal information of 27%
      to 47% for the different dimensions of course and outcome. One fifth of the
      patients had good outcome. This was significantly predicted by the following
      variables: married, living with others, frequent social contacts, high social
      group, full time work, clouding, delusions of guilt, and attempt at concealment
      of delusions and hallucinations, yielding a maximal information of 41%. Frequent
      social contacts and delusions of guilt had an independent statistical effect on
      good outcome. It is concluded that good prognosis is exceptional in patients with
      delusional psychosis and not combined to a single nosological unit. The findings
      stress the need for a specific investigation of the prognostic importance of
      social intervention and community care in patients with delusional psychosis.

PMID- 3407425
TI  - Fatal outcome in drug addiction.
AB  - A sample of 524 young drug addicts consecutively treated at a special hospital
      ward has been followed by registers for an average of 10 years. A total of 62
      were found to have died drug-related deaths at an average age of 28 years; 19 of
      them had committed suicide. Representativeness of the sample is investigated. Sex
      and choice of drugs were predictive factors behind fatal outcome: male opiate
      addicts died 5.4 times and male amphetamine abusers 2.5 times as often as
      expected. The males were exposed to greater risk than the females. Those who
      committed suicide had an hereditary disposition for mental disturbances,
      especially affective disorders. Lethal substances proved to be opiates,
      barbiturates and alcohol and/or other psychotropic preparations. Signs of heart
      disease were often found in the overdose cases. Most of the addicts who died were
      in a compulsive stage of the drug career, but some were abstaining or trying to
      abstain from drugs. A critical period seems to be at 26-28 years of age, a period
      when the abuse seems to be most intense and compulsive, the suicide risk is high
      and the efforts to abstain from drugs most serious and hazardous.

PMID- 3407426
TI  - Psychiatric hospital care of children and adolescents in Sweden.
AB  - In Sweden in-patient psychiatric care of children and adolescents is in decline.
      At the same time the out-patient care is increasing. These findings stem from a
      study of the annual patient statistics provided by the National Board of Health
      and Welfare. There are considerable differences among the counties in Sweden. In
      certain counties more than four times as many children and adolescents receive
      hospital care as in other counties. The distribution between child and adolescent
      psychiatry and adult psychiatry also varies considerably. However, it is usual
      that from the age of 18 years care is given in adult psychiatric clinics. Among
      patients with a diagnosis of psychosis and when compulsory care is necessary,
      adult psychiatric clinics are also responsible for patients 16 and 17 years old.
      Care of children at mental hospitals, still common in the 1960's, is nowadays no
      longer existent. The study is a starting-point for a discussion about how to
      attain better co-operation between child and adolescent psychiatry and adult
      psychiatry.

PMID- 3407427
TI  - Increasing incidence of borderline states in Denmark from 1970-1985.
AB  - In Denmark sex and age standardized rates of first-admission diagnosis of the
      borderline state (301.83; ICD-8), have significantly increased during the 16 year
      interval 1970-85. There was no increase in the sex and age standardized rates of
      first-admission diagnosis of the other borderline state schizophrenia latens
      (295.59; ICD-8), in the same period. There was not sex difference in application
      of the 301.83 diagnosis, but a generation effect, the age group 15-34 especially
      contributed to the increase. Analysis of the geographic variation showed a five
      fold relative risk of receiving the 301.83 diagnosis in the metropolitan area of
      Copenhagen compared with a total of three selected counties. Possible causes of
      the increase are discussed. There is every probability that the increase is due
      to change in diagnostic habits, but change in population psychiatric morbidity
      can not be excluded.

PMID- 3407428
TI  - Hypochondriacal psychoses: a long-term follow-up.
AB  - From a large series of delusional subjects 23 patients demonstrated
      hypochondriacal delusions as the main delusion during the long-term course of
      approximately 30 years. An extensive study of these cases reveals that the
      majority had abnormal premorbid personality, especially somatization, paranoid
      and/or avoidant traits. Previous and/or precipitating somatic illnesses, if
      present, were not very serious. The hypochondriacal preoccupation diminished in
      the long term, but the overall prognosis varied, as the patients did not belong
      to a uniform diagnostic category. Implications for the clinician in diagnosing
      and treating are discussed, and the importance of early detection of correct
      diagnostic category is stressed.

PMID- 3407429
TI  - Who commits suicide after a suicide attempt? An 8 to 10 year follow up in a
      suburban catchment area.
AB  - One hundred and sixty-three individuals in a suburban catchment area of 72,000
      inhabitants made registered suicide attempts during 1975-1976 (i.e. 159/100,000
      greater than or equal to 18 years). They were followed up by means of the Swedish
      Register of Death Causes over a period of 8-10 years. Police reports, autopsies
      and psychiatric records were also studied. Six cases of verified suicide were
      found and four additional cases were considered as probable or possible suicides.
      Thus the cumulative rate over 8-10 years was 3.7-6.1%. There was a mean number of
      3.5 suicide attempts before the eventual suicide. The most important common
      factor overall was alcohol or drug abuse with social deterioration (seven in 10
      cases). The rest (three in 10 cases) were depressed women with long-standing
      suicidal processes. The importance of recognizing chronic abuse as probably the
      most important background factor is stressed. The total group encompasses
      individuals with longstanding and severe life problems and difficulties in
      relating to society. The realistic chances of being able to provide effective
      suicide prophylaxes for most of these patients requires well planned and
      longstanding treatment and rehabilitation programmes.

PMID- 3407430
TI  - A prospective study of postpartum psychoses in a high-risk group. 3. Relationship
      to mental health characteristics during pregnancy.
AB  - Within a sample of 88 pregnant women with a history of nonorganic psychosis,
      mental health characteristics during pregnancy, assessed prospectively through
      interviews and psychiatric records, were studied in relationship to the
      development of 25 postpartum psychotic episodes (PPPs) occurring during the first
      6 months postpartum. Cases with PPP onset within 3 weeks of delivery (mostly
      affective or cycloid psychoses) evidenced more frequent tension-anxiety and
      excitement at interviews during pregnancy than did diagnostically comparable
      cases not developing PPPs. Cases with PPP onset later than 3 weeks postpartum
      (mostly schizophrenic-like psychoses) were not more frequently disturbed than
      were diagnostically comparable cases not developing PPPs. An absence of both
      affective symptoms and common fears represented a sign of increased PPP-risk in
      these later onset cases. The subsample of actively disturbed cases who were in
      contact with a psychiatrist during pregnancy were at notably increased risk for a
      PPP during the total 6-month period.

PMID- 3407431
TI  - Dexamethasone effects on dopamine and the "prolactin suppression test".

PMID- 3407432
TI  - Mania following head injury: case reports and neuropsychological findings.
AB  - Mania secondary to head injury is reported to be rare. Two cases of florid manic
      psychoses following head injury are reported along with neurological and
      neuropsychological investigations. Findings on the Luria Nebraska
      Neuropsychological Battery (LNNB) suggested residual cognitive deficits,
      predominantly of right hemisphere. Temporal proximity, clinical neurological
      findings, EEG changes and deficits on LNNB suggest a causal link between head
      injury and mania.

PMID- 3407433
TI  - Psychopathology and temporal lobe epilepsy in adolescents.
AB  - Although high rates of psychopathology in children and adolescents suffering from
      temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) have been reported in the literature, the subject
      remains controversial. In this investigation we made a psychiatric study of 26
      adolescents with TLE using a detailed structure interview and rigorous diagnostic
      criteria. These were compared to 26 matched controls suffering from chronic
      bronchial asthma (BA). In neither group was there a high rate of specific
      psychiatric illness, although many adolescents in both samples showed moderate to
      severe depression. We conclude that TLE may not be a specific cause of
      psychopathology in adolescence, and that the depression might result from the
      suffering involved in chronic illness.

PMID- 3407434
TI  - A prospective study of postpartum psychoses in a high-risk group. 4. Relationship
      to life situation and experience of pregnancy.
AB  - Within a sample of 88 pregnant women with a history of nonorganic psychosis, the
      woman's life situation and experience of pregnancy, assessed through interviews
      during pregnancy, were studied in relationship to the development of 25
      postpartum psychotic episodes (PPPs) occurring during the first 6 months
      postpartum. Neither Early nor Later Onset PPPs were associated with more current
      material situational problems, interpersonal difficulties, lack of relatives'
      support for the pregnancy, the woman's negative attitude toward the pregnancy or
      her experience of somatic health complaints. Contrary to expectation, PPP cases
      reported several more positive situational, attitudinal and experiential
      characteristics than did risk cases not developing PPPs. A number of different
      possible explanations for this finding are discussed.

PMID- 3407435
TI  - What are the prerequisites and indications of the therapeutic community proper? A
      comparative study.
AB  - Is the therapeutic community model appropriate for short term psychiatric wards
      with catchment area responsibility and emergency obligations? A comparative study
      of group dynamics, measured by Group Emotionality Rating System and Group Focal
      Conflict Analysis within three different therapeutic community wards, revealed
      that the short term ward contained extreme fight/flight groups and pseudo-groups
      unable to deal with the delegated responsibility presupposed by the therapeutic
      community model. The intermediate ward functioned fairly well, while the long
      term ward for psychotherapy of schizophrenia and personality disorders also
      functioned badly from a therapeutic community proper point of view. The author
      discusses these findings in light of previous literature and concludes that the
      therapeutic community proper is predominantly a treatment model relevant for
      personality disorders and severe neuroses, and not adequate for the multiplicity
      of emergency tasks facing a short term psychiatric ward.

PMID- 3407436
TI  - Bipolar affective disorder. I. Comprehensive quantitative computed tomography.
AB  - Based on clinical similarities with schizophrenics and previous computed
      tomography (CT) studies that found distinct structural abnormalities in the
      brains of bipolar patients, we evaluated 26 DSM-III bipolar patients and 22
      controls by CT, using quantitative measures of ventricular and sulcal size and of
      cerebral parenchymal density. Third ventricle size was increased, as was
      periventricular and cortical density. Comparison is made with results found in
      other psychotic conditions and the possible etiopathological significance
      discussed.

PMID- 3407437
TI  - Bipolar affective disorder. II. EEG, neuropsychological, and clinical correlates
      of CT abnormality.
AB  - Since the clinical significance of CT abnormalities found in bipolar patients
      remains obscure, we studied 26 DSM-III bipolar patients who had specific CT
      abnormalities (third ventricle enlargement, and hyperdensity of the caudate,
      thalamus, anterior frontal white matter, and right temporal lobe) on numerous
      parameters such as EEG, the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery, premorbid
      personality adjustment, family history of affective disorder, positive and
      negative symptoms, employment history, and response to lithium carbonate
      treatment. None of these measures could differentiate between the CT abnormal and
      CT normal subgroups. The implications of these findings are discussed.

PMID- 3407438
TI  - Anxiety disorders and neuroticism: are there genetic factors specific to panic?
AB  - Data from 2,903 adult same-sex twin pairs were analysed to investigate whether
      the genetic determinants of symptoms of panic are different from those underlying
      the neuroticism personality trait. Our results suggest that much of the genetic
      variation influencing the physical symptoms associated with panic is of the
      nonadditive type, perhaps due to dominance or epistasis. In both sexes these
      nonadditive genetic effects on physical symptoms influence the reporting of
      "feelings of panic". In males they also account for as much as half the genetic
      variance in neuroticism. The remainder is additive and also accounts for the
      balance of genetic variation in "feelings of panic". In females genetic variance
      in neuroticism is entirely additive but is not an important source of covariation
      with either panic symptom. Thus, symptoms of panic seem to be shaped in part by
      unique genetic influences which do not affect other anxiety symptoms. That a
      substantial part of the genetic variance in neuroticism in males may be due to
      the nonadditive effects on physical symptoms of panic may help to explain the
      rather low correlation between the genetic influences found to affect neuroticism
      in males and their counterparts in females.

PMID- 3407439
TI  - Dexamethasone suppression test and response to antidepressant therapy in
      psychogeriatric patients.
AB  - Senile dementia patients show a high incidence of abnormal Dexamethasone
      Suppression Test (DST) which has been suggested to reflect the presence of
      atypical or subclinical depression; this study was designed to test this
      hypothesis. Thirty-six patients, diagnosed as suffering from dementia and/or
      depression on the DSM-III criteria, participated in the study. They were divided
      into three groups. dementia (12), depression (12) and dementia with depression
      (12). The results indicated that although patients with depression alone
      responded well to antidepressant therapy, no improvement occurred in patients
      with dementia. Demented patients who had clinical depression also showed a poor
      response. The response to treatment was unrelated to the DST status of the
      patients. It is concluded that abnormal DST in dementia patients is not
      indicative of a masked affective state, and antidepressants have no place in the
      management of dementia patients who have a positive DST but no overt affective
      symptoms.

PMID- 3407440
TI  - Insulin-like growth factors and somatomedin B in the cerebrospinal fluid of
      patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type.
AB  - Cerebrospinal fluid levels of radioreceptor assayable insulin-like growth factors
      (RRA-IGFs) and immunoreactive somatomedin B (SMB) (RIA-B) were determined in
      apparently healthy individuals and in patients with dementia of the Alzheimer
      type (AD). The CSF levels of RIA-B and RRA-IGFs did not alter from the healthy
      controls. After being acidified, the CSF from the controls and from the presenile
      ADs were separated over a G-50 fine Sephadex . The RRA-IGFs activity eluted in
      three peaks. The results indicate that the major constituent of CSF RRA in both
      AD patients and controls is an IGF binding protein. The two minor peaks eluted at
      approximately 9 K and 6 K, corresponding to the elution positions of "big" IGF-2
      and IGF-2.

PMID- 3407441
TI  - The Rutter Parent Scale A2 and Teacher Scale B2 in Chinese. I. Translation study.
AB  - The well established child psychiatric epidemiological instruments Rutter Scale
      A2 and Scale B2 were translated by the author into Chinese. The Chinese and the
      English versions of both Scales were administered to bilingual Chinese subjects
      in Hong Kong. The statistics of Cohen's kappa was used to test the item agreement
      between the two language versions. It was found that most kappas fell within good
      or excellent ranges. The overall kappa for Scale A2 was 0.81 and for Scale B2
      0.71. The correlation between the total scores of both versions for both Scales
      was very high; for Scale A2 it was 0.94 and for Scale B2 it was 0.93. It was
      concluded that the Chinese versions were accurate translation of the English
      versions.

PMID- 3407442
TI  - Clinical anxiety in Nigeria.
AB  - Two hundred patients clinically certified as suffering from anxiety state were
      investigated with a view to understanding the clinical manifestation of the
      condition in Nigeria. We found that 67 symptoms were manifested by those
      patients, but only 15 symptoms were presented by about 10% of the sample. These
      common symptoms were: frequent headaches, difficulty in falling asleep, flushing,
      difficulty in concentrating, rapid or irregular heart beating, weakness, hot
      flashes, dizziness, feeling of something crawling in the head, heaviness of the
      head, nervousness, poor appetite, poor sight, nightmares, and chest pain. The
      five major precipitating factors were physical ailments, studying and
      examinations, use of drugs, psychological phenomona, pregnancy and childbirth, in
      decreasing order of magnitude. The most vulnerable age group was between 18 and
      23 years old. The first born children account for the highest number of anxiety
      patients, but as the number of siblings increases, the vulnerability of the last
      born increases. Anxiety neurosis as seen here is predominantly a problem of
      single males and females with secondary school education.

PMID- 3407443
TI  - Brain morphology in schizophrenia by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
AB  - We report an in vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Study of the brain in male
      schizophrenics and individually matched controls. Due to the multiplanar imaging
      capabilities of MRI we have obtained both midsagittal and axial scans. On the
      axial plane schizophrenics showed a significant increase of Ventricular Brain
      Ratio and on the sagittal plane a significant reduction of corpus callosum to
      brain ratio. In a factor analysis these two abnormalities loaded on components
      statistically independent suggesting different dimension of brain pathology in
      schizophrenia.

PMID- 3407444
TI  - On the ability of monitoring non-veridical perceptions and uncertain knowledge:
      some calibration studies.

PMID- 3407445
TI  - Abstracts. Seventh international meeting of the International Society for
      Developmental Neuroscience on Molecular and Clinical Aspects of Developing Neural
      Systems. 19-24 June 1988, Jerusalem, Israel.

PMID- 3407446
TI  - 1988 program & abstracts. Tenth annual scientific meeting, American Society for
      Bone and Mineral Research. June 4-7, 1988, New Orleans, Louisiana.

PMID- 3407447
TI  - Difference in escaping electric footshock by genetic mouse lines selectively bred
      for divergent levels of swim-induced analgesia.
AB  - Inbred mouse lines selectively bred for divergent levels of swim induced
      analgesia were differed in the ability to escape electric footshock. Mice
      displaying a high analgesia on a hot plate, after swimming for 3 min at 20
      degrees centigrade terminated electric current applied at ascending intensity to
      the grid floor at a higher value compared to the low analgesia line. The
      difference was particularly pronounced after swim stress, when mice of the former
      line manifested a serious escape deficit by failing to terminate electric current
      elikiting apparently aversive phenomena, such as vocalization, runing and
      jumping. This escape deficit was reserved by naloxone, an opioid antagonist.
      Results are interpreted in terms of an assumed amnesic effect of endogenous
      peptides released under the conditions of swim stress. Such interpretation is
      justified by the data indicating a greater opioid involvement in the swim
      analgesia in the high analgesia line, compared to low analgesia mice, in which
      non-opioid mechanisms prevail.

PMID- 3407448
TI  - Sensory interaction in the superior colliculus of freely moving rat indicated by
      evoked potentials.
AB  - Sensory monomodal and bimodal interaction was compared in the anterior medial
      superior colliculus (CS) of freely moving Long-Evans rats with chronically
      implanted electrodes using pairs of click and flash stimuli separated by
      intervals of 100 ms. The amplitudes and peak times of first and second evoked
      potentials were statistically evaluated and compared with the uninfluenced
      control values of visually and acoustically evoked potentials (VEP and AEP) on
      the back-ground of relatively constant relaxed wakefulness. Heteromodal
      interactions were characterized by only very small and in most cases
      insignificant changes, compared with very striking depressions of component
      amplitudes of the second EP in monomodal paired stimulation. Significant
      differences of AEP and VEP amplitude and peak time changes in superficial and in
      deep layers of the CS indicated that the sensory interaction is different,
      corresponding to the functional structure of CS layers. The amplitude of the
      second negativity N32 in AEP 100 ms after flash is significantly influenced in
      the superficial layers, but not in the deeper ones. The VEP peak times are
      prolonged after click only in the deeper layers.

PMID- 3407449
TI  - Activity of elbow flexor and extensor muscles during contact placing reaction in
      the cat.
AB  - Activity of the biceps brachii and of the lateral head of the triceps brachii was
      recorded in cats during contact placing reaction evoked by tactile stimulation of
      the dorsum of the forepaw. Chronically implanted electrodes were used for this
      purpose. Two patterns of responses were observed. In the first pattern the two
      muscles were activated alternately while in the second pattern they were
      coactivated during the first phase of the reaction. Activity of the biceps
      brachii preceded that of the triceps brachii in both patterns. The second pattern
      resembled the pattern of responses of elbow flexors and extensors to mechanical
      stimuli applied to the dorsum of the forelimb during locomotion.

PMID- 3407450
TI  - Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in bulk-isolated astrocytes of the hippocampus
      in the rat.
AB  - The high-affinity muscarinic antagonist L-[3H]quinuclidinyl benzi-late (L
      [3H]QNB) was used to label muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the astrocyte
      enriched fraction isolated from rat hippocampus. Analysis of the saturation and
      drug inhibition data showed that [3H]QNB binding in the astroglia fraction was
      saturable, of high affinity (Kd = 0.026 nM) and competitively inhibited by
      muscarinic antagonists and agonists. The Kd for [3H]QNB binding sites in the
      astroglia fraction was similar to that found for muscarinic receptors in the
      hippocampal homogenate and in the hippocampal synaptic plasma membranes. The
      density of [3H]QNB binding sites in the bulk-isolated astroglia fraction (Bmax
      =0.852 pmol/mg protein) was, however, much lower than that in the hippocampal
      synaptic plasma membranes (Bmax equal to about 2 pmol/mg protein). The results
      suggest that hippocampal astrocytes possess specific [3H]QNB binding sites with
      receptor binding characteristics of neuronal muscarinic acetylcholine receptor.

PMID- 3407451
TI  - Partial lesion of dorsal hippocampal afferents and GM1-ganglioside treatment
      effects on the two-way avoidance in rats.
AB  - Acquistion and retention of the two-way avoidance was studied in 32 male Moll
      Wistar rats, divided into four groups. The first two received electrolytic dorsal
      hippocampal afferent injuries and were injected either with GM,-ganglioside or
      buffer. Two remaining groups were sham-operated and injected similarly with
      either GM, or buffer. The acquistion and retention of avoidance was better in
      lesioned than is sham-operated groups. Short avoidance latencies, small number of
      trials to the first avoidance response, and high intertrial responses frequency
      were also observed in those groups. Ganglioside treatment tended to elihance all
      behavioral effects of lesions, contrary to its opposite effects in sham-operated
      group. The results suggest that the GM, ganglioside administration in lesioned
      rats decreases pain reactivity and/or unconditioned stimulus signaling
      properties, since the longest initial shock duration was observed in operated,
      GM, injected group.

PMID- 3407452
TI  - Preoperative evaluation of patients with extracranial carotid disease.
      Plethysmographic criteria for the use of a shunt, and for avoidance of surgery.
AB  - Eighty five angiographically studied patients (mean age 52) with carotid artery
      disease were preoperatively evaluated for the type and adequacy of their
      collateral circulation by the use of supraorbital photo-electric plethysmography
      (SPP). According to certain criteria we identified the candidates for surgery
      with or without shunt or for conservative treatment. Sixty patients presented
      evidence of extracranial collateral mainly from the ipsilateral superficial
      temporal artery (49 of 60), 11 patients revealed evidence of intracranial
      collateral mainly from the contralateral internal carotid artery (9 of 11), while
      in the rest, 14 patients, the source of the collateral circulation was
      undeterminable. Furthermore, an adequate circle of Willis was found in 67
      patients and an inadequate one in the rest 7 (4 of 60, and 3 of 14). The majority
      of the surgically treated patients (74 of 81) were subjected to surgery without
      shunt (91%) while only 7 necessitated the use of a shunt (9%). No neurological
      complication was encountered and the single death (1.3%) was not directly related
      to the surgery itself. According to the present study, the careful preoperative
      determination of the collateral circulation, with the simple technique of SPP and
      the identification of patients at high risk under certain criteria could help the
      surgeon to decide about the advisability of a shunt or not and about the
      avoidance of surgery as well. This technique may be valuable where other more
      sophisticated forms of monitoring, such as EEG, evoked potentials or blood flow,
      are not readily available.

PMID- 3407453
TI  - Neurological outcome after surgery for thoracic and lumbar spine injuries.
AB  - New techniques for internal fixation, employed by neurosurgeons and orthopaedic
      surgeons, provide reduction and stabilization with early mobilization of patients
      after injuries of the thoracolumbar spine. It has, however, appeared difficult to
      prove that the neurological outcome after surgery may be superior to conservative
      treatment. In this study the neurological results after surgery are evaluated in
      30 patients with injuries of the spinal cord and/or cauda equina. Canal
      encroachment was found on tomograms or CT in all patients. The unstable
      fractures, dislocations or fracture-dislocations were all reduced and stabilized
      by the Harrington distraction device. However, peroperative inspection revealed
      that the Harrington instrumentation alone may be inadequate in achieving
      intraspinal decompression. Additional anterior decompression by posterolateral
      approach was necessary in 13 of the 30 patients (43%). In this series there was
      an unexpectedly high rate of dural tears. These were found in 8 patients (27%)
      and nerve roots (cauda equina) appeared to have herniated through the tear in 6
      of the 8 patients. Significant improvement of the neurological deficit was
      obtained in 22 of the 30 patients (73%), and the improvement rate in patients
      with incomplete lesions of the spinal cord was 83% (25 of 30 patients). In this
      series there was a definite trend toward greater neurological recovery when
      compared to the results obtained in patients treated conservatively. The
      importance of a neurosurgical approach in diagnosis and treatment of these
      patients is stressed.

PMID- 3407454
TI  - Stabilization of the unstable upper cervical spine in rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - We present our clinical experience and the results of surgical treatment of 13
      patients with rheumatoid involvement of the cervical spine, namely severe atlanto
      axial dislocation. A posterior fusion was carried out using a bicortical H-shaped
      iliac crest bone graft and steel wire. Postoperatively all patients were
      immobilized for 8 weeks in a Halo cast. There were no postoperative complications
      and all patients showed a stable fusion confirmed by radiography. Complete pain
      relief was obtained in 9 patients, partial in 4.

PMID- 3407455
TI  - Activation of the coagulation system in the subarachnoid space after subarachnoid
      haemorrhage: serial measurement of fibrinopeptide A and bradykinin of
      cerebrospinal fluid and plasma in patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage.
AB  - Fibrinopeptide A (FPA) levels as an indicator of thrombin activity in the
      cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma of 25 patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage
      (SAH) were measured serially by radioimmunoassay (RIA). FPA levels in CSF were
      extremely high on days 0-1 (1253 +/- 269 ng/ml, mean +/- standard error) but
      decreased rapidly (11.3 +/- 3.9 ng/ml on days 2-4, 10.7 +/- 5.9 ng/ml on days 5
      7, and 6.3 +/- 1.5 ng/ml on days 8-14). In the controls the FPA concentration in
      CSF was 1.2 +/- 0.9 ng/ml (mean +/- standard deviation). Plasma FPA levels in
      patients with SAH showed no statistically significant changes with time. The
      bradykinin (BK) concentration in CSF and plasma in 27 patients with SAH was
      measured serially by RIA. The concentrations in CSF were 122.7 +/- 22.7 pg/ml
      (mean +/- standard error) on day 0, 38.6 +/- 6.1 pg/ml on day 1, 22.7 +/- 6.3
      pg/ml on day 2, and 17.1 +/- 3.0 pg/ml or less thereafter. Plasma BK levels in
      patients with SAH were higher than those in the control group, but there was no
      statistically significant change over time. From the measurement of FPA it was
      apparent that the coagulation system in the subarachnoid space is strongly
      activated in the early stage of SAH. The formation of BK in CSF after SAH is
      thought to be due to the contact activation of Hageman factor (intrinsic factor)
      in the subarachnoid space. Trabeculae as collagen bundles in the subarachnoid
      space were considered to have a possible role in activating the Hageman factor of
      the coagulation system in SAH.

PMID- 3407456
TI  - Discrimination between neuronal and glial cell tumours by pyruvate kinase
      electrophoresis.
AB  - Pyruvate kinase is a tetrameric enzyme, of which different isozymes are known (M,
      K and L). In normal human brain of adults mainly the M4 type is found with little
      or none of type K4 or the hybrid K3M. In gliomas of adults as well as in children
      a shift in the synthesis of isozymes of pyruvate kinase occurs from the M-towards
      the K-type. In these tumours the hybrid K2M2 is not expressed. In gliomas of
      children only a spur of K2M2 is found. There exists a peculiar difference in
      isozyme distribution of pyruvate kinase between gliomas on the one hand and neuro
      , retino- and medulloblastomas on the other. In the latter group of tumours often
      the whole isozyme set is observed and in all cases the hybrids K2M2 and KM3 are
      found. These findings provide enzymological criteria for the discrimination of
      neuronal tumours from glial-cell tumours.

PMID- 3407457
TI  - Electromagnetic field focusing (EFF) probe for intravascular endarterectomy.
      Preliminary feasibility study.
AB  - Vaporization of atheromas in 10 human aorta segments immersed under flowing blood
      in vitro were done using the EFF probe. No increase in packed cells of the
      flowing blood following atheroma vaporization were noted suggesting absence of
      post vaporization debris. No damage to the aorta underlying the vaporized
      atheroma was noted on light microscopy suggesting well localized vaporization
      process. This study suggests that EFF probe might be a safe tool for
      intravascular endarterectomy.

PMID- 3407458
TI  - Dural arteriovenous malformation presenting as cardiac failure in a neonate.
AB  - Dural arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is a rare clinical entity, presenting most
      commonly in adult patient with pulsatile tinnitus or haemorrhage. We report a
      case of a neonate with a massive dural arteriovenous malformation (AVM) with
      signs of cardiac failure soon after birth. The diagnosis was first suggested
      during angiocardiography when a hypertrophied left common carotid artery was
      detected. The AVM was supplied by branches from the left external carotid artery
      and the left veretebral artery and drained into the left transverse sinus near
      the torcula. This was excised in two stages. Post-operative angiography showed no
      residual malformation. The patient was well and developing normally 4 years after
      surgery. Review of the literature showed only 2 similar cases of dural AVM
      presenting in the neonatal period, both patients died, reflecting the high risks
      involved and the difficulties encountered in the management. Ligation of arterial
      supplies can be a useful temporary procedure in these high risk babies.
      Definitive excision should be performed later when the baby grows stronger.

PMID- 3407459
TI  - Interhemispheric subdural haematoma complicated by intracerebral haematoma: case
      report.
AB  - The authors describe a case of interhemispheric subdural haematoma which was
      followed by an ipsilateral intracerebral haematoma after an interval of about a
      half day. The intracerebral haematoma is considered to be the consequence of a
      haematoma induced thrombosis of cortical veins in connection with a bleeding
      diathesis due to previous anticoagulant therapy.

PMID- 3407460
TI  - Anterior interosseous nerve syndrome with atypical nerve course in relation to
      the pronator teres.
AB  - A case of anterior interosseous nerve palsy is demonstrated due to an anatomical
      variation not recorded before causing this syndrome. Main median-nerve trunk and
      anterior interosseous nerve passed differently in relation to the pronator teres
      muscle. Surgery led to a rapid recovery of nerve function.

PMID- 3407461
TI  - CT guided extralemniscal myelotomy.
AB  - CT guided Extralemniscal Myelotomy (E.M.) is described. Direct visualization of
      the target is the main advantage of the method. The method was applied
      successfully in two patients.

PMID- 3407462
TI  - The value of continuous intra-operative EEG monitoring during carotid
      endarterectomy.
AB  - In a retrospective study, an evaluation was made of the intra-operative EEG
      findings and clinical results of 100 consecutive carotid endarterectomies carried
      out in 90 patients over the period 1977 to 1983. There was no operation
      associated mortality; the peri-operative morbidity was 5%. All operations were
      performed maintaining the systemic blood pressure some 20% above the patients
      normal value. No interval shunt was used. The surgical policy was not influenced
      by EEG findings in any of the procedures. There was no relationship between
      carotid-clamping time and intra-operative EEG changes, nor was there a
      relationship between EEG changes and clinical outcome. It is most likely that
      neurological deficit following carotid endarterectomy, if operation is performed
      during elevated systemic blood pressure, is not due to haemodynamic disturbances,
      as a consequence of critical reduction of cerebral blood flow during internal
      carotid artery clamping, but to micro-embolism. From this assumption, it can be
      concluded that peri-operative complications of carotid endarterectomy cannot be
      reduced by intra-operative EEG monitoring.

PMID- 3407463
TI  - The association of venous and cavernous malformations. Report of four cases and
      discussion of the pathophysiological, diagnostic, and therapeutic implications.
AB  - Four cases of venous malformation associated with a cavernous malformation are
      reported. Because cavernous malformations are often angiographically occult and
      do not have a characteristic appearance on computed tomography (CT), they are
      seldom recognized preoperatively and may be missed if the surgical specimen is
      not carefully reviewed. This association, however, may not be rare and may
      explain the presence of symptomatic venous malformations. Magnetic resonance (MR)
      imaging is particularly sensitive in detecting cavernous malformations and is
      highly specific. It is recommended that every symptomatic venous malformation be
      worked-up with a high field strength MR Unit.

PMID- 3407464
TI  - Rare sacral space-occupying lesions, their surgical management and reconstructive
      measures involved.
AB  - Nine cases of space-occupying lesions of the sacral bone are presented. The
      problems of the clinical diagnosis, which in many cases comes too late, are
      discussed together with the indications for surgical treatment in this special
      group of tumours. The main clues are provided by the changes in the X-rays as
      well as the more modern imaging techniques (CT and MRI). The surgical technique
      aims at a most radical tumour removal with preservation of the sacral nerve
      roots, after which stabilisation of the sometimes weakened pelvic girdle may be
      necessary. The good prospects of complete removal of these tumours of the sacrum
      with satisfactory results seem to be very little known and justifies further
      dissemination of this information.

PMID- 3407465
TI  - Neuropathology of congenital hydrocephalus in the SUMS/NP mouse.
AB  - The neuropathology of congenital hydrocephalus in SUMS/NP mice was investigated
      in this study. Hydrocephalus occurred with an incidence of 16.5% and was evident
      in the form of an enlarged head soon after birth. The condition was progressive;
      affected mice gradually became noticeably smaller than normals, acquired
      functional disturbances and died before ever breeding. Hydrocephalic mice
      exhibited enormous dilatation of the lateral ventricles, thinning of the cortex
      and compression and distortion of the diencephalon and striatum. Examination of
      the midbrain in these animals revealed that the proximal cerebral aqueduct was
      diminished in size, occluded or absent. Evidence of its anomalous development was
      seen as early as day 15 of foetal development. This is in substantial agreement
      with previous reports on this strain. Although the mechanism by which this occurs
      is still unknown, abnormal development of the adjoining diencephalon and/or
      rostral midbrain is likely to be involved.

PMID- 3407466
TI  - Vascular thermocoagulation-perivascular nerve lesions. An ultrastructural report
      on the choice between monopolar and bipolar electrocoagulation.
AB  - High-frequency coagulation is used with advantage for a number of purposes,
      including the production of haemostasis during surgery. The morphological changes
      which thermocoagulation produces in or near the wall of an artery remain,
      however, largely unknown; and systematic research in the subject is long overdue.
      As might be expected from clinical experience, the local effects of monopolar
      thermocoagulation are much more severe and far-reaching than those caused by the
      bipolar method. For these reasons the bipolar coagulation technique is to be
      preferred wherever possible.

PMID- 3407467
TI  - Late occurrence of additional ocular and intracranial pathologies in the linear
      naevus sebaceous (Feuerstein-Mims) syndrome.
AB  - The linear naevus sebaceous syndrome of Feuerstein-Mims belongs to the
      phacomatoses and classically is composed of a linear cutaneous lesion associated
      with mental retardation and epilepsy, sometimes also with ocular dystrophies.
      During an unusually long follow-up of 32 years of such a case, which is reported
      here, the late occurrence of additional ocular and intracranial pathology are
      demonstrated: conjunctival and bulbar tumours with progressive deterioration of
      visual acuity, bilateral intracranial arachnoidal cysts, dilatation and
      tortuosity of the middle cerebral artery. As a consequence of these observations
      the prognosis in cases with this syndrome has to be given with special caution.

PMID- 3407468
TI  - Trans-mesencephalic arteries and veins. Angiographic aspects in tectal vascular
      lesions.
AB  - The authors present the trans-mesencephalic arteries and their role in the
      differentiation of pure and secondary vein of Galen arterio-venous malformations
      (AVM). They illustrate the trans-mesencephalic draining veins of the so-called
      venous angiomas, which are normal variants, often associated with cavernous
      haemangiomas representing the clinically active lesion.

PMID- 3407469
TI  - A special form of constitutional narrowness of the cervical vertebral canal with
      thickened and hyperdense cortical bone of the posterior arch (osteopetrosis
      tardiva?).
AB  - The author describes a constitutional narrowness of the cervical spinal canal
      which is characterized by thickening and hyperdensity of some parts of the
      posterior arch of the cervical vertebrae. He proposes the hypothesis of a special
      form of osteopetrosis tardiva (Albers-Schoenberg).

PMID- 3407470
TI  - Microsurgical anatomy of the anterior choroidal artery.
AB  - The anterior choroidal artery (A.ch.a.) was studied in 140 hemispheres of the
      human brain. In 50 specimens the artery was cannulated and perfused with acrylic
      resin, in 20 specimens the A.ch.a., was selectively cannulated and perfused with
      dye. The artery then was microsurgically dissected and photographically
      documented. The site of origin of the A.ch.a., its length, outer diameter,
      course, branching patterns, anastomoses, and areas of supply was recorded. The
      surgical and diagnostic significance of the A.ch.a. and its importance during
      surgical procedures are discussed.

PMID- 3407471
TI  - Neurosurgical topography of the optic radiation in the temporal lobe.
AB  - Damage to the optic radiation during surgery in the temporal lobe results in more
      or less severe visual field defects. In the present study, the optic radiation
      was represented by either Klingler's fibre dissection technique or by consecutive
      frontal sections respectively in 25 formalin-fixed human hemispheres. This
      enabled one to gain exact data on the three-dimensional course, the length and
      other measurements of this important fibre system. In addition, its relations to
      the temporal horn, the trigonum and the occipital horn of the lateral ventricle
      were determined. The results of these measurements are discussed with respect to
      various surgical interventions involving the temporal lobe.

PMID- 3407472
TI  - Surgical anatomy of the upper vertebral artery.
AB  - A surgical approach to the upper vertebral artery between C1 and C2 is described.
      Following dissection of the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid and the
      anterior border of the splenius capitis the two muscles are held apart and the
      levator scapulae is transected at its origin from C1. The cranial end of the
      vertebral artery can now be connected with the common carotid or external carotid
      arteries.

PMID- 3407473
TI  - The innervation of the spinal dura mater: anatomy and clinical implications.
AB  - The nerves supplying the spinal dura mater were studied in four human foetuses
      (16-22 weeks) with the acetylcholinesterase in toto staining method. The ventral
      spinal dura contains a dense, longitudinally oriented, nerve plexus, which
      receives its contributions from: (I) the sinuvertebral nerves, (II) the nerve
      plexus of the posterior longitudinal ligament, (III) the nerve plexus of
      radicular branches of segmental arteries. Dorsal dural nerves are much smaller in
      number, do not form an evident plexus and do not reach the medial region of the
      dorsal dura. The dorsal nerves are derived from the ventral dural plexus at the
      level of the "intersleeval" parts of the dura mater. The ventral dural nerves may
      extend up to eight segments, with a great amount of overlap between adjacent
      nerves. This may provide an anatomical substrate for the understanding of
      extrasegmentally referred dural pain. The curled bundles of nerve fibres of
      pathways (I) and (II) provide an adequate adaptation to displacements of the
      spinal dura mater during flexion and extension. Pathway (III) has not been
      described before. The described nerve plexuses may be of importance in
      elucidating the mechanisms of epidural therapies in back pain and peripheral
      vascular disease.

PMID- 3407474
TI  - Otosurgical aspects in diagnostics and therapy of acoustic neurinomas.
AB  - 136 acoustic neurinomas were operated upon by otosurgical transtemporal or
      translabyrinthine interventions. The otosurgical approach was used when a
      suboccipital craniectomy with a certain retraction of the cerebellum seemed to be
      avoidable. The pure otosurgical tumour removal was restricted to a tumour
      extension up to 2.5 cm starting from the fundus of the internal auditory meatus.
      The transtemporal route was used when hearing was worth saving and the
      translabyrinthine when the pure tone auditogram showed an average loss of 50 dB
      or the speech audiogram a discrimination loss of 50% or more. In larger tumours
      the neurosurgeon removed the intracranial part of the acoustic neurinome
      preserving the facial nerve and, if possible, the cochlear nerve as well. If
      parts of the tumour had remained within the internal auditory meatus or if some
      uncertainty concerning complete tumour removal persisted, an otosurgical second
      intervention was considered indicated. In 41 patients the cochlear nerve could be
      preserved at operation. 12 of these patients showed a preservation of their
      hearing.

PMID- 3407475
TI  - Transtemporal planned partial resection of bilateral acoustic neurinomas.
AB  - In an attempt to overcome the complete auditory deprivation of young patients
      with bilateral acoustic nerve schwannomas (Morbus v. Recklinghausen) a planned
      partial resection of the tumour was carried out in 11 hearing ears. The cerebello
      pontine angle was exposed by the enlarged middle fossa approach (Wigand et al.,
      HNO 1985). A strip of tumour was left in contiguity to the facial and cochlear
      nerves. Hearing was initially preserved in all cases. Four of them, however,
      developed total deafness after 3-39 months. Recurrent tumour growth was checked
      by CT scans. During the observation time one resting tumour became invisible,
      five remained unchanged. Two grew larger. Three cases dropped out of the follow
      up. With regard to the high value of preserved auditory function during the first
      decades of life the planned partial resection may be considered preferable for
      cases of bilateral acoustic neuromas.

PMID- 3407476
TI  - Criteria for preservation of vestibulocochlear nerve function during
      microsurgical removal of acoustic neurinomas.
AB  - A careful examination of the shape, location and course of the 8th cranial nerve
      in medium-sized and large tumours exhibits three distinct variants. In all cases
      where cochlear function was preserved, the type III variant (12%) in the cranial
      nerve tumour relationship was observed. The author's experience clearly indicates
      that, if a tumour is resected in toto, anatomical nerve continuity cannot be
      preserved in the type I and II variants (48%, respect. 40%). However, in the type
      I and II variants the patients invariably had preoperative hearing loss. The
      important criteria which must be considered in order to preserve cochlear
      function when extirpating acoustic neurinomas are an anatomically intact nerve,
      the origin of the tumour and its direction of spread, further more the shape,
      location and course of the 8th nerve components, the quality of preoperative
      cochlear nerve function, the pattern of vascularization of the statoacoustic
      nerve and the inner ear, and lastly, but not least a possible infiltration of the
      vestibular and/or cochlear nerves by the tumour itself. Objective hearing
      function could be preserved in 62% of small neurinomas (grade II) and 10% of
      large tumours (grades III and IV).

PMID- 3407477
TI  - Surgical rehabilitation of facial nerve.
AB  - The management of facial nerve lesions using microsurgical techniques should be
      part of the armamentarium of surgeons managing head and neck problems. One has to
      differentiate between techniques for repair of the nerve itself and secondary
      reconstructive operations. Direct nerve reconstruction, indirect nerve
      reconstruction and combined procedures are discussed in detail. Secondary
      reconstructive methods are indicated if repair of the nerve itself is not
      possible. The results of 31 cases of facial nerve rehabilitation are presented.

PMID- 3407478
TI  - Cavernous sinus surgery. Approach through the lateral wall.
AB  - The cavernous sinus is divided from the surgical point of view into three parts.
      The middle part consists of the lateral sinus wall, the cranial nerves III, IV,
      V, VI and the posterior siphonknee of the internal carotid artery. Lesions of
      this region, vascular as well as tumorous, can be exposed by approaching the
      lateral sinus wall. The surgical dissection through the sinus wall is based on
      some important anatomical details, which are described here. As a consequence a
      modified transcavernous approach will be introduced and demonstrated by 35
      clinical cases.

PMID- 3407479
TI  - Transsphenoidal surgery of parasellar pituitary adenomas.
AB  - A series of 147 transsphenoidal operations for parasellar pituitary adenomas
      performed in a 4.5 year period is presented. The clinical and radiological
      features of the tumours are described and a new practical classification for the
      neurosurgeon is introduced. The results of surgery are analyzed with special
      attention to normalization rates in endocrinologically active adenomas and to the
      recovery rate of optomotoric nerve lesions in 10 of these cases. While in intra-
      and parasellar microadenomas the surgical normalization rates are comparable to
      those not extending beyond the confines of the sella, correction of hormonal
      oversecretion is only exceptionally observed in invasive parasellar
      macroadenomas. The prognosis for extraocular nerve palsies was found to be
      favourable, irrespective of the duration of the palsies before surgical
      intervention. It is to be stressed that even adenomas invading the cavernous
      sinus can be totally removed via the transsphenoidal approach.

PMID- 3407480
TI  - [Personality profile in essential arterial hypertension].

PMID- 3407481
TI  - [Reliability of psychiatric diagnosis in adolescents].

PMID- 3407482
TI  - [The Frankfurt psychopathologic inventory. Contribution to the study of
      productive psychosis].

PMID- 3407483
TI  - [Evolutionary study of psychological and neuropsychological anomalies in chronic
      alcoholics].

PMID- 3407484
TI  - [Uses and abuses of the diagnosis of "anxiety crisis"].

PMID- 3407485
TI  - [Problems in the integration of social and biological psychiatry in a university
      setting. 1. Relations, conflicts and integration].

PMID- 3407486
TI  - [Childhood depression: a study of psychosocial factors and family history].

PMID- 3407487
TI  - [Measurement of aggressiveness in a sample of epileptic patients].

PMID- 3407488
TI  - [Suicide in Spain during the years 1981 to 1985].

PMID- 3407489
TI  - The female athletic role as a status determinant within the social systems of
      high school adolescents.
AB  - This study examined the relationship between female athletic participation and
      status attainment within the social status systems of high school adolescents.
      Although earlier research has consistently demonstrated that the athletic role
      for males is associated with greatest status within the school, findings
      regarding the status of female athletes have been contradictory: Some studies
      have found high status rankings for female athletes while others have revealed
      negative results. It was therefore argued that current research go beyond the
      general construct of "female athlete" and consider the type of sport with which
      the adolescent female is associated as a possible status determinant. Employing a
      sport typology proposed by Metheny (1967), it was predicted that females
      associated with sex-appropriate or "feminine" sports (e.g., tennis) would receive
      significantly higher status ratings than those identified with sex-inappropriate
      or "masculine" sports (e.g., basketball). One hundred and twenty-one male
      subjects were asked to indicate which female athlete (associated with a sex
      appropriate versus a sex-inappropriate sport) they would most like to date, while
      111 female subjects were asked to choose which female athlete they would most
      like to have as a friend. Chi-square analyses revealed that, as predicted,
      females associated with sex-appropriate sports were given significantly greater
      status than females identified with sex-inappropriate sports by both male and
      female subjects. These results suggest that social assessments made about female
      sport participation within high school status systems remain heavily influenced
      by traditional beliefs regarding feminine, "ladylike" behavior.

PMID- 3407490
TI  - Parents' behavioral norms as predictors of adolescent sexual activity and
      contraceptive use.
AB  - The influence of parental factors on adolescent sexual behavior and contraceptive
      use has been examined previously, and findings have been contradictory. Previous
      studies, which found little relationship between parental norms and adolescent
      sexual activity, have been limited by their failure to recognize developmental
      differences in the relative weight of parent and peer influences between younger
      and older teens and by use of selected samples, resulting in a restriction of
      range. The current study differs in that it utilizes a clustered sample household
      survey of 329 males and females, aged 14 to 17, and 470 of their parents. Using
      multiple regression analysis, it was found that parents' reported behavioral
      norms account for 5% of the variance in whether adolescents have had intercourse,
      and for 33% of the variance in use of contraception at last intercourse. The
      study suggests that while parents' normative beliefs have limited effect in the
      decision to become sexually active, they have considerable impact on later
      contraceptive use.

PMID- 3407491
TI  - Parent-adolescent communication and its relationship to adolescent depression and
      suicide proneness.
AB  - Suicide is the second leading cause of death among adolescents in the United
      States, and the rates in this age group are increasing. A possible factor related
      to adolescent suicide may be inadequate or insufficient parent-adolescent
      communication. The purpose of this study was to investigate the communication
      level between selected adolescents and their parents, and to determine its
      relationship to the parents' perceptions of their adolescent's depression and
      proneness to suicide. The Parent-Adolescent Communication Inventory (PACI) was
      used to measure communication, and the Suicide-Depression Inventory (SDI) was
      used to measure depression and suicide proneness. Upon statistical analysis of
      the instrument scores, simple correlation coefficients expressed significant
      relationships between mother's and adolescent's scores, but not between father's
      and adolescent's scores. However, when controlling for other independent
      variables, neither the father's nor the mother's scores were significantly
      related to the adolescent's SDI score. The adolescent's PACI score was the only
      independent variable that produced a significant semi-partial correlation
      coefficient. A multiple regression procedure isolated only one of the independent
      variables which entered and stayed in the predictor model at the .05 level--the
      adolescent's PACI score (p = .001).

PMID- 3407492
TI  - Coping with drinking pressures: adolescent versus parent perspectives.
AB  - Fifteen techniques to limit or stop alcohol consumption were rated by 94
      adolescents, aged 12 to 19, and their parents. Factor analysis of effectiveness
      ratings demonstrated consistency in appraisal of adult options for coping
      strategies, but significant differences in adolescent and parent views of how
      teenagers should cope with drinking pressures.

PMID- 3407493
TI  - Metaphoric lyrics as a bridge to the adolescent's world.
AB  - This paper discusses the use of rock music lyrics to help hard-to-reach
      adolescents communicate feelings about their roles in society and their own
      development. The rationale underlying the method is that if adolescents can feel
      accepted and be engaged through means that are familiar and pleasureful, they can
      learn to trust and ventilate feelings. Through guided discussion about familiar
      lyrics and the issues they evoke, adolescents begin to offer their opinions,
      listen to others' ideas, and learn to disagree without being aggressive. They
      begin to discuss ways to gain control over their lives and learn the advantages
      of becoming disciplined participants in society. They begin to consider and learn
      alternatives for coping with daily pressures rather than falling victim to a rock
      idol's solution, which is frequently withdrawal from society or aggression toward
      it. They begin to communicate.

PMID- 3407494
TI  - Using Tom and Huck to develop moral reasoning in adolescents: a strategy for the
      classroom.
AB  - The first part of this article examines some theoretical arguments for teaching
      moral education in the classroom. This discussion is followed by an investigation
      into how the use of fiction might enhance this process. Finally, a specific
      strategy using Mark Twain's novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, is offered
      as an example of how this might be done.

PMID- 3407495
TI  - Preparing for vocational choice.
AB  - Adolescents are often overwhelmed and disillusioned by the monumental and
      momentous task and risk of making a career choice. Adults in general and
      counselors in particular can assist them not only in being more realistic about
      their career expectations, but can be especially helpful by encouraging them to
      develop personal attributes and skills.

PMID- 3407496
TI  - Preadolescent attitudes toward the elderly: an analysis of race, gender and
      contact variables.
AB  - Preadolescent attitudes toward the elderly were examined through analysis of
      race, gender, and contact variables. Subjects were randomly selected
      preadolescents (mean = 12.8 years), a total of 157 students (91 boys and 66
      girls), comprising three ethnic groups (49% white, 30% Mexican-American, 21%
      black). The investigator instructed each student to complete the Tuckman-Lorge
      Old People Scale, and a self-report contact questionnaire, thereby establishing
      three contact groups (high, medium, low). Data were analyzed via an ANOVA. The
      results revealed that only one of the variables studied, race, was significantly
      related to attitudes toward the elderly. The white preadolescents possessed the
      most positive attitudes toward the elderly. The greatest differences were between
      the white and black female preadolescents. These results suggest that
      preadolescent attitudes toward the elderly are culturally related. It can be
      concluded that as a variable, race should receive more attention in future
      attitudinal studies of the preadolescent.

PMID- 3407497
TI  - Integration of student development theory into the academic classroom.
AB  - This paper demonstrates how collaboration among student development educators and
      university instructors can utilize the content of academic courses to facilitate
      personal development in adolescent college students. Through an application of
      Chickering's (1969) seven vectors of human development (which occur during
      adolescence and early adulthood), this objective was accomplished in a course
      entitled Drinking and Driving: Legal and Social Aspects. Essay exams were
      analyzed for self-reported anecdotal behavioral examples of developmental growth
      attributable to participation in this course. Analysis of the results indicated
      that the class content had a definite developmental impact on the students, in
      addition to intellectual growth. By helping academic educators recognize that
      within their course content and structure they can and do affect adolescents on
      many developmental dimensions, the end result can be a richer, holistic
      educational experience for students.

PMID- 3407498
TI  - Conventional warfare and United States military involvement in Latin America:
      early adolescents' views.
AB  - Early adolescents' views concerning conventional war were assessed in order to
      better understand the thinking of today's youth, and to determine similarities
      and differences of the views expressed by adolescents 15 years ago. Three hundred
      sixty-two seventh-grade students were surveyed regarding conventional warfare in
      general and United States military involvement in Latin America specifically.
      Results suggest participants were somewhat more accepting of war in 1986, and
      that many were skeptical of President Reagan's honesty and wisdom on the issue of
      United States military involvement in Latin America.

PMID- 3407499
TI  - A time-limited dynamic approach to adolescent inpatient group psychotherapy.
AB  - In response to sharply curtailed lengths of stay of adolescents in an inpatient
      psychiatric program, new therapeutic modalities need to be implemented. A time
      limited dynamic approach to adolescent inpatient group psychotherapy is
      presented. The model integrates psychoanalytic and crisis theory into a group
      format. The primary focus in this model is upon resolution of problematic
      interpersonal interactions as they are related to the current crisis state. The
      group process, as related to the adolescent, involves three phases. These include
      an initial intake phase, which incorporates an ego-functioning assessment; a
      second or middle phase which focuses on making actions ego-alien; and the
      termination phase, which incorporates the learning experience and how it relates
      to the resolution of precipitators of the admission.

PMID- 3407500
TI  - The personality characteristics of adolescents who use and misuse alcohol.
AB  - The relationship between alcohol use and misuse and personality was investigated
      using 347 high school students. Students were tested with a battery which
      included measures of alcohol involvement (AAIS) and personality (CPI). The
      results demonstrated that as adolescents increasingly became involved in alcohol,
      the more their personality characteristics differed from those adolescents not
      involved or minimally involved with alcohol. The implications are discussed in
      light of past theories of alcohol misuse in adolescence.

PMID- 3407501
TI  - The influence of a physical ability intervention program on improved running time
      and increased sport motivation among Jerusalem schoolchildren.
AB  - Several studies have demonstrated an inverse relationship between physical
      activity and coronary heart disease (CHD). Other studies have reported a negative
      correlation between aerobic capacity and obesity and CHD risk factors among
      adolescents. In this study, the possibility of modifying physical ability in
      adolescents aged 13 has been examined through a physical ability intervention
      program. During 1984-1985, all eligible eighth graders from five Jerusalem public
      schools participated in the program. Physical ability was defined in the
      biological dimension by the running time for 1000 meters, and in the
      psychological dimension by sport motivation. The intervention program involved a
      periodic and progressive increase of physical effort of children in 16 gym
      lessons during the regular curriculum. The major findings were that the test
      group improved their running time and had better sport motivation than did the
      control group, and there were differences between boys and girls and an influence
      of sexual maturation on running time in girls.

PMID- 3407502
TI  - Family functioning of adolescents who parent and place for adoption.
AB  - While an extensive body of knowledge on adolescent sexual behavior and outcome
      has developed, current sociological and psychological studies of adolescents who
      place their babies for adoption are scant, often with inconclusive results. The
      level of family of origin functioning of adolescent parents and placers is even
      less frequently studied. This cross-sectional study of 84 adolescents attending
      an alternative high school for pregnant girls who recently made a placement or
      parenting decision assesses the family environment of teenagers in order to
      provide a broader understanding of these characteristics, which would assist
      practitioners in provision of services to this population. Using FACES II as the
      measure of family cohesion and adaptability, it was hypothesized that: (1)
      adolescent parents or placers would describe their families as being less
      functional than adolescent norms, (2) adolescents who placed their children for
      adoption would describe their families as being more functional than adolescents
      who parented their children, and (3) adolescents from the more functional
      families would report greater satisfaction with the placement decision than those
      from less functional families. Results indicate that Hypothesis 1 was supported,
      but contrary to Hypothesis 2, there were no significant differences in family
      functioning between placers and parents. Also, when comparing the discrepancy
      between adolescents' current and ideal family descriptions, no between-group
      differences were found. Because the vast majority of the respondents were
      satisfied with their placement or parenting decision, Hypothesis 3 also was not
      supported. Research needs and practice applications stemming from this study are
      discussed.

PMID- 3407503
TI  - Adult and adolescent attitudes toward death.
AB  - The anguish families experience when they are asked to make health care decisions
      for incompetent members has stimulated the search for adequate prior directives.
      This study explores a method of recording competent patients' wishes via a Value
      History Questionnaire which can guide families and health care teams during an
      incompetent person's terminal illness. The questionnaire responses of two age
      groups are compared and evaluated. The purpose of the Value History was explained
      to 170 teenagers and 170 adults, and their wishes regarding their future care
      were analyzed. Respondents indicated that they definitely want to know the truth
      about their health care and to participate in decision making, even while dying.
      The majority do not want to be maintained indefinitely on life-support systems.
      The doctor's office or patient's home are suitable for filling out the
      questionnaire. The enthusiastic response leads to the recommendation that Value
      Histories should become part of all medical records.

PMID- 3407504
TI  - The effects of dance team participation on female adolescent physical fitness and
      self-concept.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine to what extent female physical fitness
      and self-concept are affected by dance team participation in high school. Eight
      dancers were tested once prior to and once four months after dance team
      participation. Eight participants from physical education classes, matched for
      age, weight, height, grade, and race, were tested once at the same time as the
      second dance team test. Physiological tests were maximum oxygen uptake, sit-and
      reach, one-repetition maximum bench press, skinfolds, and hydrostatic weighing.
      The self-concept tests were Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory, Tennessee Self
      Concept Scale, and Body Cathexis Scale. Dependent one-tailed t tests were run to
      determine differences between dance team pre- and posttests and control and dance
      team posttests. Dance subjects increased maximum oxygen uptake and one-repetition
      maximum bench press in addition to improving their body composition as evidenced
      by a significant decrease in total skinfolds and a near significant decrease in
      percent body fat. The dance team had a significantly higher maximum oxygen uptake
      than did controls. No other significant differences were seen between groups.
      Dance team participants significantly improved physical self and social self on
      the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale. No other significant differences were seen. A
      factor that may have affected the self-concept results in this study was low
      dance team status, due to a combination of unsuccessful previous dance teams and
      a losing football season. Within the limitations of this study, these results
      indicate that physical fitness is improved as a result of dance team
      participation; however, self-concept seems to be affected only minimally, if at
      all, as compared with participation in physical education classes.

PMID- 3407505
TI  - Feedback and self-concept in high school students.
AB  - This study examined the relationship between self-concept and feedback in high
      school seniors. Students evaluated themselves on ten traits, and were asked to
      then have five significant others evaluate them on the same ten traits. After
      reviewing their average feedback scores, students again evaluated themselves.
      Results indicated a strong relationship between feedback and self-concept for all
      traits, with none indicating a stronger relationship than any other.

PMID- 3407506
TI  - Patterns of formal education in high school as rites de passage.
AB  - Until recently the transition from adolescence to young adulthood has not been
      clearly delineated in North America. However, secondary education has come to
      formalize this transition in ways that exemplify the patterns of segregation,
      transition, and incorporation that make up Van Gennep's rites de passage.
      Adolescents, who are defined as socially immature, are segregated in high schools
      where they are formally socialized for the responsibilities of adult life
      (transition). During this period of formal socialization, adolescents are
      expected to remain at home, economically dependent upon and accountable to their
      parents. The high school graduation ceremony is a ritual that marks the
      incorporation of the graduates into young adulthood. This nearly universal
      graduation from high school for the middle class and much of the working class
      has come to mean that high school assumes the characteristics of age-grade rites
      de passage throughout much of society.

PMID- 3407507
TI  - Cognitive distortions as mediators between life stress and depression in
      adolescents.
AB  - This research examined the possibility that cognitive distortions mediate between
      life stress and depression in an adolescent population. Measures of cognitive
      distortion, life stress, and depressive tendencies were administered to 103 ninth
      to twelfth-grade high school students. It was predicted that measures of
      cognitive distortion would be better predictors of depressive tendencies than
      measures of life stress. It was also predicted that cognitive distortions would
      affect the perceived stressfulness of life events. In addition, it was predicted
      that three measures of cognitive distortion would be correlated and that the
      measure of immediate negative thinking would be a better predictor of depressive
      tendencies than the measures of dysfunctional attitudes and irrational beliefs.
      Findings from correlation and regression analyses were consistent with the
      predictions.

PMID- 3407508
TI  - A hospital-based crisis service for adolescents: a program description.
AB  - In the past three decades there has been rapid growth in crisis intervention
      services. This article describes the development of a hospital-based crisis
      service for adolescents. This Crisis/Assessment Unit (CAU) has met a community
      need for a responsive program for adolescents in acute psychiatric crises. The
      development of the CAU is described and critiqued. In addition, a typical case
      admitted for crisis services is presented.

PMID- 3407509
TI  - Molecular mechanism of muscle contraction. Proceedings of the 1986 Muscle
      Symposium. October 27-31, 1986, Hakone, Japan.

PMID- 3407510
TI  - Proposed mechanism for dual regulation of cross-bridge turn-over in vertebrate
      muscle.
AB  - The studies on intact fibers of the frog and fast-twitch skinned fibers of the
      Syrian hamster suggest the presence of intermediate low-force (weak) and high
      force (strong) attachments in the cross-bridge cycle. Our results suggest that
      the weak and strong attachments may be separately regulated by independent
      calcium switches. The switch for weak bridges operates by calcium or decreasing
      ionic strength, such that in low ionic strength in skinned fibers the bridges
      form even in the virtual absence of TnC and calcium. The weak to strong
      transition appears to require Ca in both low and high ionic strengths. The Ca
      action effecting this transition may be mediated also by TnC and/or may involve
      the myosin moiety. Thus, the possibility is raised that Ca may act at two
      separate steps in the cross-bridge mechanism under physiological conditions.

PMID- 3407511
TI  - Transient kinetics and time-resolved X-ray diffraction studies in isolated single
      muscle fibres.
AB  - The timing of events associated with the contraction and relaxation of the force
      cycle is described in isolated single arthropod muscle fibers using the
      fluorescently labelled derivatives of the Ca2+ binding sub-unit of troponin TnC.
      The kinetics of the subtracted fluorescence (490-410 nm) response from injected
      TnCDANZ, labelled at the Ca2+ specific sites, shows a rapid rise which is some
      90% complete at 50% force consistent with rapid Ca2+ binding to this sub-unit.
      Subsequently the TnCDANZ fluorescence decays 2x more slowly, at 12 degrees C,
      than force consistent with a slower release of this bound Ca2+. In fibers
      injected with both aequorin and TnCDANZ, the aequorin kinetics are essentially
      unaltered compared to control fibers in the presence of 10-100 microM TnCDANZ.
      The peak of the aequorin response occurs some 150-170 msec in front of the
      TnCDANZ peak and the T 1/2 for light decay is faster than either force or TnCDANZ
      decay, but there is a 'tail' to the aequorin light response (elevated free Ca2+)
      well into the relaxation phase, seen both in cannulated and intact muscle fibers.
      The kinetics of the fluorescence of TnCIAANS, labelled of the Ca2+-Mg2+ sites,
      shows a slow decrease (T 1/2 1.8 sec) and subsequent increase (T 1/2 2.5 sec) in
      fluorescence consistent with a slow loading and unloading of these sites with
      Ca2+ during a tetanus. Time resolved X-ray diffraction from intact muscle fibers
      indicate that forces of up to 600 kN/m2 can be developed at sarcomere lengths of
      8-10 micron. Force shows a marked sarcomere dependency while the aequorin
      response is relatively insensitive. At these high forces, there is a marked
      change in intensity of the first actin layer line (A2 at 38 nm), consistent with
      S1 (cross-bridge) attachment, which has a T 1/2 for rise of 125-150 msec.

PMID- 3407512
TI  - Polarized light microscopy of the smooth muscle anococcygeus of the rat.
AB  - 1. The birefringence of the rat anococcygeus muscle has been studied in the
      presence of solutions which dissolve myosin and actin filaments. About 80% of the
      muscle anisotropy disappear after this treatment. 2. The 'form' and 'intrinsic'
      components of the birefringence of muscles fixed either at rest or during maximal
      isometric contraction were studied by inhibition with media of different
      refractive indices. At rest, the 'form' birefringence accounts for about 67% of
      the total birefringence. In contraction, the increase of total birefringence is
      primarily (80%) due to an increase of the 'form' component, indicating that new
      filamentous material appears in this condition.

PMID- 3407513
TI  - Transmission of the Ca2+-regulatory signal in skeletal muscle thin filaments.
AB  - Studies dealing with some aspects of the thin-filament based regulatory mechanism
      of striated muscle are discussed. A key event is a Ca2+-induced shift of TnI from
      a binding site on actin to TnC, as indicated by optical and crosslinking
      experiments. The regions concerned involve residues 1-12 in actin, residues 96
      116 in TnI, and residues 89-100 in TnC. These changes in interaction are
      accompanied by changes in TnC and TnI that occur on a millisecond time scale
      which is consistent with their being part of the regulatory processes underlying
      regulation in vivo.

PMID- 3407514
TI  - Effect of tension on the rigor cross-bridge angle.
AB  - The effect of resting tension and external force on the rigor crossbridge angle
      was investigated in insect flight muscle (Honeybee, Apis mellifera). In the
      presence of resting tension, bridges were either perpendicular to the filament
      axis or tilted towards the M-line. In shortened, slack muscle, bridges remained
      perpendicular or were tilted towards the Z-line. Thus, the rigor bridge angle
      appears to depend on the state of the thick filament. With the thick filament
      under stress, the angle may be quite different than when it is slack. On the
      other hand, external force applied directly to the rigor bridges did not change
      their configuration. Bridge angle remained unchanged, irrespective of the amount
      of tension applied to the bridge. This implies that a very tight bond exists
      between the rigor bridge and thin filament, allowing essentially no rotation even
      with a large applied force.

PMID- 3407515
TI  - Rigor tension development in glycerinated rabbit psoas fibers at high salt
      concentrations.
AB  - We attempted to measure the rigor tension development by glycerinated fibers of
      rabbit psoas at high salt concentrations such as 0.5 M KCl. The measurements were
      made feasible by covalently crosslinking the rod-portion of thick filaments in
      the fibers in the rigor state with a water-soluble carbodiimide (EDC) so that the
      thick filaments are not dissolved even at 0.5 M KCl. EDC crosslinks, though with
      much a slower rate, the myosin cross-bridge heads to the thin filaments. At high
      salt concentrations, the fibers developed no active tension but developed rigor
      tension when they were put into a rigor solution from a contracting or relaxing
      solution. Removal of only Mg++ from a MgATP-containing solution induced similar
      rigor tension development. The magnitude of the rigor tension was proportional to
      the fraction of the cross-bridge heads that were crosslinked to the thin
      filaments. The results suggest that the rigor tension at high salt concentrations
      is generated by structural changes in the cross-bridge heads that are crosslinked
      to the thin filaments, when these heads release MgATP or Mg++ (with ATP retained)
      from their active sites, but not generated by re-formation of the rigor complexes
      of uncrosslinked myosin heads with the thin filaments. Extrapolation to 100%
      crosslinked heads gave an estimate of the rigor tension development of more than
      1 kg wt/cm2 at high salt concentrations.

PMID- 3407516
TI  - Minimum structural unit required for energy transduction in muscle.
AB  - The sliding of actin filaments was directly measured along single-headed myosin
      filaments on which the density of the heads was widely varied, using video
      fluorescence microscopy. The results showed that the double-headed structure of
      myosin is not essential for inducing the sliding movement of actin filaments. The
      minimum number of myosin heads required for supporting movement of actin
      filaments at a maximum velocity of 5 micron/s at 23 degrees C was estimated to be
      4, at most 16. This led to the conclusion that the sliding distance of actin
      filaments induced during a single ATP hydrolysis cycle is probably 160 nm or
      more, at least 40 nm under unloaded conditions.

PMID- 3407517
TI  - Birefringence as a probe of crossbridge orientation in demembranated muscle
      fibres.
AB  - Birefringence measurements were used to investigate crossbridge orientation in
      demembranated muscle fibres of frog and rabbit. Birefringence depends on the
      interfilament spacing as well as on crossbridge orientation, so conditions were
      chosen such that changes in interfilament spacing were either eliminated or known
      from previous studies. At sarcomere length 2.3 micron there was a large
      birefringence decrease on putting relaxed fibres into rigor; at 3.7 micron this
      gave no change in birefringence. A simple model for crossbridge structure was
      used to interpret the birefringence data; it seems likely that reorientation of
      subfragment-1 (S-1) is responsible for the observed change. Decoration of rigor
      fibres with exogenous S-1 gave a birefringence increase corresponding to S-1
      binding with its long axis at about 50 degrees to the fibre axis. The
      corresponding mean S-1 angle in relaxed muscle was estimated as about 35 degrees.
      When relaxation of rigor fibres was initiated by photolysis of caged-ATP in the
      absence of Ca2+ the birefringence increase showed two components, one 20 times
      faster than the other. The fast component was accompanied by a decrease of rapid
      stiffness, suggesting that it is caused by some crossbridges detaching to take up
      an orientation more parallel with the fibre axis. However the mechanical
      measurements indicated the presence of some active force generating crossbridges
      at this time, even in the absence of Ca2+, and these may also make a contribution
      to the fast birefringence component. Birefringence transients following ATP
      release in the presence of Ca2+ suggest that crossbridges are on average more
      perpendicular to the fibre axis during active force generation than in the rigor
      state.

PMID- 3407518
TI  - Instantaneous view of actomyosin structure in shortening muscle.
AB  - In the previous study), utilizing the rapid-freeze technique for electron
      microscopy, a new type of actomyosin assembly was reported to occur during
      isometric contraction. In this study, we have developed a new freezing apparatus
      which permits rapid freezing of the "isotonically-shortening" muscle at high
      shortening velocity, allowing simultaneous measurement of its tension and length.
      Using glycerinated rabbit skeletal muscle rapidly frozen with this system, we
      have compared the freeze-substituted images of the actomyosin assembly in the
      shortening muscle at various tension levels with those in isometrically
      contracting muscle. The optical diffraction patterns obtained from whole A bands
      and from single actin filaments decorated with crossbridges have revealed that
      the unique actomyosin assembly formed in isometrically-contracting muscle is
      maintained even during high-velocity shortening under near-zero load.

PMID- 3407519
TI  - Force generating mechanisms in striated muscle.
AB  - Force generation in muscle fibers is generally believed to arise from a
      structural change in the actomyosin crossbridge. The structure of the low ionic
      strength crossbridge has been found to be significantly different from that of
      the rigor crossbridge, which raises the possibility that contractile force may be
      generated by a transition between these two actomyosin configurations. Another
      possibility for force generation is based on data suggesting that the length of
      the subfragment 2 moiety of the myosin molecule may shorten when it moves away
      from the backbone of the thick filament. Experiments bearing these potential
      force generating processes are reviewed.

PMID- 3407520
TI  - X-ray diffraction studies on muscle during rapid shortening and their
      implications concerning crossbridge behaviour.
AB  - In isometric contraction, a high proportion of crossbridges are always in the
      attached state and crossbridge cycling is slow. During shortening, crossbridges
      must be entering the detached state at a higher rate, as they come to the end of
      their working strokes. The size of the population of detached crossbridges will
      then depend on the re-attachment rate and it is therefore of some interest to
      find out whether a significant detached population can be detected. Observations
      on the equatorial X-ray diffraction pattern indicate that this is the case at
      higher speeds of shortening, for example at a speed where the detachment rate
      must be of the order of 200 per second. In a muscle under these conditions, the
      59 A and 51 A actin layer line reflections decrease in intensity compared to
      their values during isometric contraction. This decrease does not appear to be
      associated with a change in structure of the actin-troponin-tropomyosin complex,
      since the second actin layer-line reflection remains virtually unchanged in
      intensity. Thus the change is likely to arise from either a different total
      number of attached crossbridges, or a different number of attached crossbridges
      in the tension generating state. The result provides some further evidence for
      specific helical labelling of the actin structure by crossbridges during
      contraction, as do some recent electronmicroscope studies of rapidly frozen
      contracting muscle.

PMID- 3407521
TI  - Cause of changes in the thin filament-associated reflexions on activation of frog
      muscle--myosin binding or conformational change of actin.
AB  - Although the intensity increase of the 5.9 nm layer-line (5.9 L.L.) on activation
      can potentially be informative, systematic investigation is left to be done. The
      present study is aimed to assign the cause of the intensity increase. Using the
      synchrotron radiation, X-ray diffraction patterns were recorded from live
      sartorius or semitendinosus muscle of the frog (mostly at a temperature of 3-4
      degrees C) either on the "Imaging Plates", a newly developed X-ray image
      recording system, or with the fast linear detector. The Imaging Plates enabled us
      to measure the disorientation of the thin filaments in the contracting muscle, so
      that the intensity profiles of the layer-lines were corrected for the
      disorientation. After the correction, a slight inward shift of the intensity peak
      of 5.9 L.L. was measured which is associated with the intensity increase on
      activation at 4 degrees C. At higher temperatures, 5.9 L.L. increases less. The
      extent of the intensity increase is linearly related to the sarcomere overlap,
      whereas the outer part of the 2nd actin layer-line (2nd L.L.) is as high as 60%
      at 10% overlap. The rise of the intensity of 5.9 L.L. is as fast as that of 2nd
      L.L., but much faster than the changes of the equatorial reflexions and the
      tension rise. Although these results do not let us assign the cause, some
      properties are elucidated of the structural change which causes the intensity
      increase.

PMID- 3407522
TI  - Temperature-induced change of thick filament and location of the functional sites
      of myosin.
AB  - The combination of the small-angle X-ray camera to use the synchrotron radiation
      (National Lab. of High Energy Physics, Tsukuba) and a sensitive X-ray detecting
      system (FCR System, Fuji Medical System Inc.) using the imaging plate enabled us
      to record a small angle X-ray diagram of liver rabbit muscle within few minutes.
      Live relaxed rabbit muscle kept at 25 degrees C gave clear relaxed pattern, in
      which myosin layer line can be observed up to 13th order. When it was cooled down
      to 5 degrees C, it gave the small-angle X-ray pattern which looks like that
      obtained from contracting frog muscle, whereas cooled muscle produced no tension.
      The 8th meridional reflection almost vanished. The pattern is different from that
      obtained from rigor muscle: actin layer line at 72 A spacing can not be observed.
      The "stiffness" and (1,1) reflection on the equator increased. This indicates
      that more crossbridges are at the vicinity of the thin filaments without
      developing tension at low temperature. This might be related to the marked
      decrease in the rate of the step from M*ADP to M.ADP at low temperature. The
      position of the ATP binding site, SH1, actin binding site(s) was determined by
      three-dimensional image reconstruction method. Actin-binding site was determined
      by comparing the three-dimensional image of actin-tropomyosin-S1 and that of
      actin-tropomyosin-troponin-Ca. The position of ATP binding site and SH1 was
      determined by three-dimensional reconstruction of the complexes of actin
      tropomyosin and S1 of which the ATP binding site or SH1 was labelled with avidin.
      It was found that SH1 locates near the actin-binding site at the same side of S1.
      The distance from head-rod junction to ATP binding site and SH1 was similar. But
      they locate at the different side of S1 and the distance between two sites is
      about 5 nm, which is consistent with that obtained by energy transfer method.

PMID- 3407523
TI  - The time course of changes in the equatorial diffraction patterns from different
      muscle types on photolysis of caged-ATP.
AB  - Using the synchrotron X-ray source at DESY, Hamburg, we have measured the time
      courses of changes in the strongest equatorial reflections from small bundles of
      chemically skinned fibres from insect flight muscle, Limulus muscle and rabbit
      psoas and soleus muscles following the photolytic release of ATP. In all
      preparations the release of ca. 2 mM ATP caused the tension to relax with a
      complex time course, the final relaxation rates in insect and rabbit psoas fibres
      being ca. 10 times faster than those measured in rabbit soleus and Limulus fibres
      (ca. 50 ms cf. ca. 500 ms half times). However, in all fibre types there was a
      very rapid change in equatorial intensities towards relaxed values (half time
      less than 5 ms), the extent of this change and the occurrence of a slower phase
      of intensity change being dependent on the preparation. In insect the 1.0 and 2.0
      intensities change rapidly to their relaxed values; in Limulus the 1.0 and 1.1
      intensities change rapidly to within ca. 10% of their relaxed values; in rabbit
      psoas the initial, rapid 1.1 intensity fall is to within 30-40% of its relaxed
      value and is followed by a slower fall which appears to correlate with the rate
      of the final tension relaxation, e.g. phosphate ions accelerate both rates; in
      rabbit soleus the equatorial response is very similar to that of psoas fibres.
      These results are discussed in terms of the model of Goldman et al. in which a
      rapid ATP induced dissociation of rigor crossbridges is followed by the transient
      cooperative reattachment of some bridges which may proceed through at least part
      of the cross-bridge cycle.

PMID- 3407524
TI  - A self-induced translation model of myosin head motion along thin filament in
      muscle contraction.
AB  - Evidence has been accumulating that muscle contraction may not be associated with
      the power stroke of the cross-bridges tightly coupled with ATP hydrolysis cycle.
      We have constructed a new contraction model which includes a number of basic
      properties of contraction processes not taken into consideration in the models
      hitherto reported. The basic assumption is that, when one head of a myosin
      molecule attaches to an actin monomer on thin filament, conformational changes
      take place in the neighbouring actin monomers to result in their non-symmetrical
      charge distribution to exert electrostatic force on the unattached head of the
      same myosin molecule in one direction. Thus, the unattached head moves along thin
      filament to attach to another actin monomer, while the already attached head
      detaches from thin filament. These steps are repeated to cause muscle
      contraction. The above contraction model can explain the results of our X-ray
      diffraction experiments as well as the results reported by other authors.

PMID- 3407525
TI  - The relation between muscle contraction and metabolism: studies by 31P nuclear
      magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
AB  - We have used 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31PNMRS) to study the
      relation between metabolism and contraction in frog skeletal muscle. Our results
      show a close association between [H2PO4(1-)] and both contractile and metabolic
      characteristics of muscle. We suggest that this metabolite links energy requiring
      to energy yielding function by participating in intermediate reactions which help
      to determine the rates of both processes. The observed relation between [H2PO4(1
      )] and force production is consistent with the suggestion of Hibberd and
      colleagues, that Pi is reversibly released during the transition to the major
      force-producing actomyosin ATPase state. Our results also suggest that force
      fatigue is due to the buildup of the [H2PO4(1-)] product of ATP hydrolysis and
      that the effect of pH on force production is largely the result of altering
      H2PO4(1-)/HPO4(2-). We have found that it is the extent of glycogenolysis rather
      than the maximum activities of glycogenolytic enzymes that determines how much
      glycogen is broken down following anaerobic contraction. The most likely
      explanation for our results is that the ATP-forming reactions of glycolysis come
      to equilibrium during metabolic recovery from contraction under anaerobic
      conditions.

PMID- 3407526
TI  - 31P NMR study of the regulation of glycogenolysis in iodoacetate-treated skeletal
      muscle.
AB  - Extensive in vitro biochemical experiments have established that glycogenolysis
      is regulated in two different ways; i.e., the Ca regulation at the phosphorylase
      step and the phosphate-product regulation at the phosphofructokinase step. Recent
      studies on glycogenolysis in living vertebrate skeletal muscles by use of 31P
      nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) presented evidence that glycogenolysis in vivo
      is regulated by the Ca released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) but not by
      the phosphate products. We have performed 31P NMR studies on living frog skeletal
      muscle, and have shown that glycogenolysis is regulated not only by the Ca from
      the SR but also by the accumulation of phosphate products by contraction. This
      indicates that the glycogenolysis in vivo can be actually regulated by the two
      mechanisms as predicted by in vitro biochemical studies.

PMID- 3407527
TI  - The mechanical characteristics of the contractile machinery at different levels
      of activation in intact single muscle fibres of the frog.
AB  - The relation between stiffness and tension and the characteristics of the early
      tension recovery in response to applied small length step were studied both
      during tetanus rise and redevelopment of tension following a period of shortening
      at Vmax. Experiments were performed on single fibres isolated from tibialis
      anterior and lumbricalis muscles of the frog. Development of stiffness preceded
      that of tension during tension redevelopment, but the leading of stiffness was
      reduced to about one half of that found during the tetanus rise. The relation
      between relative stiffness and relative tension was the same either during
      tetanus rise and tension redevelopment. The speed of the early tension recovery
      in response to a step length change applied during the tension redevelopment was
      unchanged with respect to that found at the same tension during the tetanus rise.
      These results suggest that a cross-bridge state generating no force (or low
      force) may be a normal intermediate of the cross-bridge cycle even when the fibre
      is fully activated.

PMID- 3407528
TI  - Towards a molecular mechanism for the crossbridge cycle.
AB  - Present evidence on crossbridge behaviour is reviewed from the viewpoint of the
      Eisenberg-Hill concepts. We conclude that a cartoon illustrating the operation of
      these ideas in practice should be drawn so as to include morphological changes in
      the body of the myosin molecule as part of the power-stroke. The bulk of
      structural evidence on the operation of crossbridges in intact muscle supports
      such a description.

PMID- 3407529
TI  - Two attached non-rigor crossbridge forms.
AB  - It is possible to produce a graded progression from rigor toward relaxation using
      MgAMPPNP and substituting ethylene glycol for part of the solvent water. Fibers
      have been brought through this progression to various stages while measuring
      isometric force and stiffness, then fixed for thin-section electron microscopy.
      Distinct state-dependent crossbridge forms were observed in thin cross and
      longitudinal sections. When MgAMPPNP was added to rigor fibers at 23 degrees C,
      the tension dropped to about one-third of its original value, but crossbridge
      angle remained at 45 degrees. Distinct changes were seen in crossbridge shape and
      angle close to the thick filament, presumably in the S2 region of myosin. Adding
      30% glycol in the presence of AMPPNP reduced tension to nearly zero while
      stiffness remained high, provided either calcium was present or the muscle was
      kept cold. Under these conditions, the crossbridges were oriented at
      approximately 90 degrees to the filaments, and in cross-section appeared straight
      and joined the thick filament at separate azimuths. Raising the glycol
      concentration to 40% or the temperature to 23 degrees C in the absence of calcium
      lowered the stiffness to a value slightly above that of MgATP relaxed muscle. The
      90 degrees crossbridge forms seen in stiff versus relaxed fibers were closely
      similar but the distribution of bridges and the optical transforms suggested more
      bridge attachments when stiffness was high. The 90 degrees crossbridges appear
      structurally distinct from the rigor form and may in the stiff fibers represent a
      stable but weak binding state of the actomyosin contact.

PMID- 3407530
TI  - Muscle stiffness changes during enhancement and deficit of isometric force in
      response to slow length changes.
AB  - The mechanism of the enhancement and the deficit of isometric force in response
      to slow length changes in tetanized frog muscle fibers was studied by recording
      the stiffness changes with sinusoidal vibrations (0.5-1.9 kHz, peak-to-peak
      amplitude 0.1% of L0). When a tetanized fiber was slowly stretched, the fiber
      stiffness first rose abruptly and then decreased linearly while the stretch went
      on; after the completion of stretch, the stiffness decreased towards a steady
      value which was equal to that during the ordinary isometric tetanus at the same
      fiber length, though the force decayed towards a steady level higher than that of
      the ordinary isometric tetanus at the same fiber length. This indicates that the
      enhancement of isometric force after stretch is associated with decreased
      stiffness. If, on the other hand, a tetanized fiber was slowly released, the
      force and the stiffness changed in parallel with each other. Recordings of the
      segmental length changes along the fiber with a high-speed video system (200
      frames/s) indicated that all the segments lengthened in response to slow stretch,
      while the segmental length changes in response to slow release was markedly
      nonuniform. These results are discussed in connection with the cross-bridge
      performance and the filament-lattice structures.

PMID- 3407531
TI  - Mechanical properties of demembranated muscle fibres in the presence of MgAMPPNP.
AB  - In view of the current disagreement about the degree of tension maintenance in
      rabbit fibres in AMPPNP, I have restudied the mechanics of glycerol-extracted
      rabbit psoas and Lethocerus flight muscle in rigor and in MgAMPPNP. Insect fibres
      elongated reversibly when AMPPNP was added; the effect required little
      nucleotide. Rabbit fibres showed only a relatively small reversible elongation on
      adding AMPPNP; my experimental evidence for mechanochemical equilibrium is
      therefore only certain for the insect muscle. At low muscle tension extension of
      either muscle type produced little tension decay; the stress-relaxation seen
      ('visco-elasticity') followed a power law of low order. At greater tension both
      muscles showed a second form of tension decay ('yield') which dominated at high
      tension, causing within a few minutes a near-total loss of added tension due to
      stretch. Below this tension the isometric tension decay was relatively slow, and
      considerable tension remained overnight. Yield dominated at a much lower tension
      in AMPPNP than in rigor, but relative to this changed level the speed of the
      yield process did not appear to alter greatly; again below a certain level
      tension decay became very slow. The effect of AMPPNP on yield was reversible and
      appeared similar in the two tissues. No obvious change occurred in any of these
      properties when the AMPPNP was purified before use or when a myokinase inhibitor
      and ADP-removing enzyme system were added. Thus in both preparations tension is
      maintained for a time long relative to the expected lifetime of an individual
      crossbridge, and its decay during yield is not accelerated by shortening that
      lifetime. These phenomena indicate that some process other than crossbridge
      detachment is limiting crossbridge slip; I am seeking an explanation in terms of
      interaction between neighbouring crossbridges.

PMID- 3407532
TI  - A "give" in tension and sarcomere dynamics in cardiac muscle relaxation.
AB  - Isometric relaxation in cardiac sarcomeres is characterised by an early, very
      slow phase of tension fall which is terminated by a 'give' in tension. A 'give'
      which occurs during relaxation in cardiac muscle can not be attributed to
      decrease in myofilament overlap. After the 'give' asynchronous motion occurs
      between sarcomeres, but the duration and extent of their displacement is limited.
      Intriguingly, the effect of isotonic displacements on the early fall in the
      velocity of sarcomere shortening indicates that an internal resistance increases
      near the peak of contraction. The complex shape of the sarcomere's complete force
      velocity relation, with lengthening motions in particular, was consistent with an
      idealized model of cross-bridge cycling. The sarcomere's resistance to stretch is
      high at low velocity, but it diminishes to reveal yielding at larger velocities.
      Relative to tension, the resistance to yielding does not decrease during
      relaxation, and it may actually increase. The decay of isometric tension after a
      controlled stretch also slows during relaxation. Consequently, cycling slows in
      those cross-bridges which form (or persist but produce less force) later in
      contraction. Changes in cross-bridge properties may restrict sarcomere
      shortening, prolong activation, but promote a disequilibrium which favors rapid
      relaxation in cardiac muscle.

PMID- 3407533
TI  - The effects of sarcomere length and Ca++ on force and velocity of shortening in
      cardiac muscle.
AB  - The mechanism(s) underlying the effects of varied calcium concentration and of
      varied sarcomere length on force development and on the velocity of shortening in
      cardiac muscle were investigated. Sarcomere dynamics were investigated in thin
      trabeculae from rat heart with laser diffraction techniques; force was measured
      with silicon strain gauge 10 kHz. The unloaded velocity of sarcomere shortening
      was measured with the use of the 'isovelocity' technique. After study of intact
      muscles, superfused with modified Krebs-Henseleit solution at 25 degrees C,
      preparations were skinned with relaxing solution containing Triton X-100 and
      investigated at varied free Ca++. Force increased in all intact muscles
      continually with sarcomere length from 1.6-2.4 microns; the relation between
      force and sarcomere length was convex toward the ordinate at high Ca++0 and
      convex toward the abscissa at low Ca++0. Similar relations between force and
      sarcomere length were found in skinned trabeculae. Unloaded velocity of
      shortening (V0) was independent of time between 50 ms and 150 ms following onset
      of the twitch. V0 increased, in this period with increasing sarcomere length from
      1.6 to 1.9 microns from 0 to 13 micron/s; above that length the velocity was
      constant. V0 increased at a sarcomere length of 2.00 microns with increasing
      Ca++0 to a maximum at Ca++0 = 1.2 mM above which V0 remained constant though
      force increased by 100%. These results suggest that the force-sarcomere length
      relation in cardiac muscle can be explained on the basis of length dependent
      activation of the contractile filaments to Ca++. Whether the different responses
      of force and of unloaded velocity of shortening to variations in sarcomere length
      and in Ca++ concentration are consistent with the hypothesis that force
      development and unloaded velocity of shortening are controlled by different
      mechanisms is discussed.

PMID- 3407534
TI  - Myofibril tension fluctuations and molecular mechanisms of contraction.
AB  - Recent tension fluctuation experiments that were performed on single myofibrils
      of cardiac and skeletal muscles established firmly that the fluctuations, if
      exist, must be below 0.1 ng/square root Hz. This value is about 100 times below
      the levels that were predicted by various models of cross-bridge mechanical
      cycling during isometric contraction. Similar measurements with slow stretch and
      shortening to promote cross-bridge cycling did not produce detectable increase of
      fluctuations either. Moreover, measurements of elastic transfer function using
      small length perturbations with white noise clearly demonstrated conduction of
      vibrations and increased stiffness during contraction of the myofibril;
      therefore, vibration attenuation within the sarcomere cannot be responsible for
      remarkable quietness of the tension. Electrostatic mechanism of muscle
      contraction advanced by Iwazumi gives physically straightforward explanations for
      the quietness. The ATPase cycling certainly produces fluctuations in the number
      of surface charges that constitute the dipole moment thus resulting in the field
      strength fluctuations. However, the magnitude of the fluctuations is only a small
      fraction of the mean strength due to large number of charges involved in the
      dipole. In addition, the field strength fluctuations do not couple effectively
      with the axial force acting on the thin filament bundle. This is due to the
      combined effects of three factors: 1. Three dimensional three-phase distribution
      of electrostatic energy density along the thin filament. This structural
      arrangement smoothes out the forces of three adjacent thin filaments due to
      complementary nature of the distribution. 2. Characteristic square mesh structure
      of the Z-disc results in very high shear compliance between adjacent thin
      filaments yet provides very low parallel compliance. 3. Electrostatic induction.

PMID- 3407535
TI  - Endocardial control of myocardial performance.
AB  - Impairment of the endocardial surface has a profound influence on the mechanical
      performance of the underlying undamaged myocardium. It immediately and
      irreversibly shortens the duration of twitch tension development, particularly at
      a physiological extracellular [Ca++] and temperature, thereby affecting the
      relationship of peak isometric twitch tension development to both [Ca++]0 and
      length. Accordingly, the endocardium as the most primitive structure of the
      heart, may help to control the performance of the underlying myocardium by
      modulating the onset of early tension decline. These effects will result in
      important variations of peak contractile performance and of relaxation of the
      underlying myocardium.

PMID- 3407536
TI  - Pauses, steps, and the mechanism of contraction.
AB  - Despite widespread controversy still surrounding the phenomenon, stepwise
      shortening has now been confirmed by five independent methods in this laboratory,
      and by several other methods in different laboratories. In this paper we offer
      preliminary evidence obtained with the most recent method--measurement of
      'isotonic muscle length transients'. We find that the muscle length inflections
      observed after quick release to an isotonic load correspond to pauses and steps
      at the sarcomere level. Thus, pauses and steps are reflected not only in
      sarcomere length and segment length signals, but in the muscle length signal as
      well. We review several of the more illuminating features of stepwise shortening,
      as well as new ultrastructural observations which, taken together, point to an
      hypothesis for the generation of steps. The steps may be generated by shortening
      of one or another of the sarcomere's filaments: connecting filaments in the
      unactivated myofibril and thick filaments in the activated myofibril. Supporting
      evidence is considered.

PMID- 3407537
TI  - The energetics of work and heat production by single muscle fibres from the frog.
AB  - During active shortening the heat rate in isolated muscle fibres is greater than
      during isometric contraction, and increases with velocity of shortening (V), but
      at a decreasing rate as the maximum velocity (V0) is approached. For shortening
      at V less than 0.25 V0 the amount of extra heat produced during a period of
      shortening is proportional to the distance shortened, but for rapid shortening (V
      greater than 0.5 V0) the extra heat increases less than proportionally with the
      distance shortened. After a period of shortening the higher heat rate returns to
      the isometric level over a period of several hundred milliseconds. A similar
      period of increased heat rate is seen after a quick release. After shortening 10%
      of muscles slack length at 0.1 V0 the amount of heat produced during tension
      redevelopment is similar to that after a quick release. But after more rapid
      shortening there is less heat production than after a quick release.

PMID- 3407538
TI  - The effect of shortening velocity on the shortening heat and its relationship to
      the distance shortened.
AB  - Irving and Woledge showed using isovelocity (1/2 Vmax) releases that the
      shortening heat per unit shortening declines with distances shortened. This non
      linear behavior of the shortening heat was examined in experiments in which
      muscles shortened during isovelocity releases at 1/4, 1/2, and 1/1 Vmax. As
      shortening velocity increases, the reduction in shortening heat production per
      unit shortening with distance becomes more pronounced. These results could be a
      consequence of the facts that shortening heat production is load dependent and
      during shortening at constant velocity, the average force exerted by the muscle
      shortening a small distance is greater than that exerted by the muscle shortening
      greater distances. To test this idea, shortening heat production was measured in
      releases in which the force remained constant during constant velocity
      shortening. Again, the shortening heat produced per unit shortening declined with
      distance shortened, and the effect at Vmax was more pronounced than at 1/2 Vmax.
      These results agree with the two state crossbridge model proposed by Irving and
      Woledge and suggest that: 1) significant lengths of time are required (minimum of
      50 ms at Vmax and 90 ms at 1/2 Vmax) for the energy liberation to reach a steady
      state in the transition from isometric to shortening contractions, 2) shortening
      induces shifts in the distribution of crossbridge states whose magnitude
      increases with shortening velocity, and 3) the non-linearity of shortening heat
      production is related to the energy imbalance observed during rapid shortening.

PMID- 3407539
TI  - Psychiatric aspects of cancer.

PMID- 3407540
TI  - [Status and further development of health monitoring of children and adolescents
      in East Germany].

PMID- 3407541
TI  - [Public health in childhood and adolescence].

PMID- 3407542
TI  - Child health in the context of health for all. A challenge and a promise.

PMID- 3407543
TI  - [Health promotion in child day care centers from the medical and pedagogic
      viewpoint].

PMID- 3407544
TI  - [Controlling nutrition. A major aspect in the prevention of oral diseases].

PMID- 3407545
TI  - The pediatrician and primary health care of children.

PMID- 3407546
TI  - Antioxidant effects of exogenous polyamines in damage of lysosomes inflicted by
      xanthine oxidase or stimulated polymorphonuclear leucocytes.
AB  - Active oxygen species produced by the action of xanthine oxidase or stimulated
      guinea-pig polymorphonuclear leucocytes have a lytic action of lysosomes possibly
      due to lipid peroxidation. Polyamines give some protection against lysis with
      putrescine being the most effective polyamine. The possible relevance to
      inflammatory disease is discussed.

PMID- 3407547
TI  - Effect of salai guggal ex-Boswellia serrata on cellular and humoral immune
      responses and leucocyte migration.
AB  - Effect of alcoholic extract of salai guggal (AESG) was studied on cellular and
      humoral immune responses in mice and leucocyte migration in rats. Oral
      administration of AESG strongly inhibited the antibody production and cellular
      responses to sheep red blood cells in mice. It inhibited the infiltration of
      polymorphonuclear leucocytes and reduced the volume of pleural exudate in
      carrageenan induced pleurisy in rats. It showed no cytotoxic effect.

PMID- 3407548
TI  - Local anti-inflammatory activities of tixocortol 21-pivalate, inhibition of
      prostaglandins and leukotrienes synthesis, in carrageenin-induced pleurisy.
      Reversion of effects by RU 486.
AB  - Since a direct effect of tixocortol pivalate (TP) has been described on
      cyclooxygenase pathway, local anti-inflammatory activities of some 21 thiol
      derivatives of steroids were investigated on the carrageenin-induced pleurisy
      model in comparison with dexamethasone (Dex) or other anti-inflammatory drugs.
      LTC4/D4 contents in pleural fluid were assayed by RIA as well as PGE2 levels to
      characterize the effects on arachidonate pathways. After oral administration, TP
      was inactive up to 1 g/kg on exudate volume and leukocyte migration as expected
      for this strict local anti-inflammatory steroid contrary to Dex (ID50 = 0.05-0.41
      mg/kg). When administered locally, TP and tixocortol (T) exerted a dose dependent
      inhibitory activity on exudate volume (ID30 = 12.4 micrograms or 13.1
      micrograms/pleural cavity) and leukocyte count (ID30 = 83 or 230 micrograms); in
      the same conditions. Dex was more active (ID30 = 0.7 and 2.6 micrograms). All
      these steroids decreased PGE2 and LTC4/D4 contents in exudate fluids,
      respectively TP (50 micrograms/pleural cavity) by 28 and 63%; T (100 micrograms)
      by 33 and 31%; Dex (5 micrograms) by 43 and 40%. Local co-administration of RU
      486 (50 micrograms) with either TP, T or Dex reversed the anti-inflammatory
      effects of all steroids, indicating in these conditions a local activity through
      glucosteroid receptor occupancy.

PMID- 3407549
TI  - Lack of involvement of leukotriene and platelet activating factor in passive
      cutaneous anaphylaxis in rats.
AB  - Possible chemical mediators contributing to 48 hour passive cutaneous anaphylaxis
      (PCA) in rats were investigated. Forty-eight hour PCA was inhibited considerably
      by mepyramine and methysergide given intravenously, a finding suggestive of a
      major role for histamine and serotonin in the reaction. AA-861, a selective 5
      lipoxygenase inhibitor did not inhibit the PCA, and leukotriene (LT)D4 or LTE4
      and the combination with prostaglandin (PG)E2 had no significant skin reaction.
      In addition, only small amounts of slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A)
      were detected in skin fragments, in vitro. Although CV-3988, a selective platelet
      activating factor (PAF) antagonist, dose-dependently inhibited the PAF-induced
      skin reaction, the PCA was not affected by treatment with this compound.
      Indomethacin also had no inhibitory activity on PCA. Thus, sulfidopeptide LTs,
      PAF and arachidonate cyclooxygenase metabolites probably do not contribute to
      PCA, at least in rats.

PMID- 3407550
TI  - Autoreactive eosinophils associated with spontaneous autocytotoxicity in
      bronchial asthma.
AB  - Allergic autocytotoxicity (ACT) assay is extensively investigated as an in vitro
      equivalent of oral ingestion challenge with food antigens among patients with
      food hypersensitivity. In direct ACT, food antigenic determinants interact
      directly with plasma cell membranes of sensitive individuals. Antibody-dependent
      ACT is also known as antibody-dependent-cell-mediated-cytotoxicity (ADCC)
      phenomenon, when food antigens combine with specific antibody through cell
      membranes Fc receptors among normal and sensitive individuals. Spontaneous ACT is
      a separate mechanism of white blood cells disintegration which does not require
      in vitro priming of the cells, neither by antigen or antibody. Spontaneous ACT
      occurs in some individuals as "background noise" in addition to direct and
      antibody-dependent ACT. The exact cellular nature of ACT phenomena are unknown at
      the present time with the exception that the common identifying factor for each
      of them is the disintegration and death of human white blood cells. Electron
      microscopy studies among four bronchial asthma patients with spontaneous ACT
      demonstrated eosinophils with atypical crystalloid cores and diffuse autolytic
      pattern of granular membranes. These ultrastructural characteristics are
      associated with new functional profiles of eosinophils expressed morphologically
      as natural killer and/or suicidal potency. At least two subpopulations of
      eosinophils are mediating ACT. The first subpopulation has normal ultrastructure
      observed in direct ACT and the second subpopulations has altered morphology of
      eosinophils granules described in spontaneous ACT. The natural killer-suicidal
      eosinophils presented in patient with spontaneous ACT illustrate a new pathway of
      cytodestructive mechanism in anaphylactic injury.

PMID- 3407551
TI  - Antiaggregatory activity of imidazoline drugs and chemicals as a function of
      their structure.
AB  - The concentration-response curves were constructed for 18 azole derivatives
      (including seven imidazoline drugs) as the inhibitors of the adrenaline-induced
      human blood platelet aggregation. It was demonstrated by the quantitative
      structure-activity relationships analysis that the less hydrophobic agents
      started to act as effective inhibitors at lower concentrations but that stronger
      effects could be obtained with the more hydrophobic derivatives. The conclusion
      was drawn that the inhibitory activity observed was the result of nonspecific
      hydrophobic interactions of the agents with both an andrenergic platelet receptor
      and a site of loss on serum albumin.

PMID- 3407552
TI  - The suitability of a combined inulin/PAH retard tablet for measuring renal
      functions in the conscious rat.
AB  - As a further step in the development of implantable retard systems for
      simultaneous delivery of inulin and PAH, a system based on Eudragit matrix retard
      tablet has been deviced. It should be able to release a sufficient amount of both
      substances to maintain constant and well measurable serum and urine concentration
      in the 36 hours interval between 12-48 hours p.o. The feasibility of the
      technique was checked by monitoring the behaviour of renal function after
      administration of a permanent adrenaline application, which we used as a well
      defined noxa.

PMID- 3407553
TI  - The actions of histamine on the separated layers of the guinea-pig uterus: the
      influence of ovarian steroids.
AB  - The effects of histamine have been studied on separated circular and longitudinal
      myometrial layers from the guinea-pig. Virgin guinea-pigs in dioestrus were (1)
      untreated, (2) treated for 14 days thrice weekly with oestradiol cypionate 20
      micrograms/kg s.c., or (3) treated as in (2) but in addition with progesterone 3
      mg/animal s.c. daily for 4 days before use. Preparations were field-stimulated
      (60 V 2 ms 30 Hz for 5 s every 100 s) to elicit regular contractions. Histamine
      was equipotent in producing enhancement of evoked contractions of circular
      myometrium from animals in each treatment group (pD2 = 5.03, 5.05 and 4.95 in
      groups 1, 2 & 3 respectively), and enhanced contractility in all but two
      longitudinal myometrial preparations. Treatment with oestradiol alone, and with
      oestradiol and progesterone following oestradiol priming enhanced the magnitude
      of maximal response and produced a small decrease in the potency of histamine on
      the longitudinal myometrium. pA2 estimates for mepyramine as an antagonist were
      similar (8.6) in preparations of longitudinal myometrium from each group of
      animals. Metiamide (1-10 mumol/l) did not antagonise the effects of histamine in
      this layer. These results, taken together, indicate that ovarian steroids act
      selectively on the longitudinal myometrial layer to amplify the action of
      histamine, but do not alter the histamine receptor subtype which in this layer is
      exclusively H1.

PMID- 3407554
TI  - Modulation of the adoptive immune response in mice by histamine.
AB  - The immunomodulatory actions of histamine in mice were examined by a combined in
      vitro/in vivo approach. Spleen cells from mice were incubated between 2 and 24
      hours with histamine (10(-12)-10(-3) M) under conditions which prevent a change
      of the free histamine concentration. The cells were subsequently transferred to
      sublethally irradiated syngenic mice in order to measure the adoptive IgM
      response. Only stimulatory effects of histamine were found at NMRI mice. However,
      both stimulatory and inhibitory actions were observed at different histamine
      concentrations if mice of the strains AB or XVII were used. The graft versus host
      reaction was measured after transfer of histamine treated spleen cells (strain
      XVII) to neonatal F1 (XVII X B10.LP) hybrid mice and revealed both suppressive
      and stimulatory effects of histamine at different concentrations. A maximal
      expression of the immunomodulatory effects of histamine was found after 8 hours
      of preincubation with the donor cells. The action of selective histamine
      antagonists and cell separation experiments indicated that the effect of
      histamine on the adoptive IgM response was mediated by H2-receptors on spleen T
      cells. Summarizing, the results indicate that low histamine concentrations elicit
      bidirectional immunomodulatory effects in mice which vary considerably among
      different strains.

PMID- 3407555
TI  - Histamine induced murine suppressor and potentiating factors.
AB  - Mouse spleen cells were incubated for 24 hours in the presence of histamine (10(
      13)-10(-3) M). Aliquots of the histamine free supernatants were intravenously
      injected into either syngenic or allogenic mice which were subsequently analysed
      by the Jerne plaque assay in respect of their specific IgM response against red
      blood cells from sheep. Depending on the histamine concentration during the
      preincubation and the mouse strain, the effects of the supernatants were found to
      be suppressive or potentiating. Both the histamine induced suppressor and
      potentiating factor are generated by T-cells and can be precipitated by
      (NH4)2SO4. These precipitates were fractionated by gel filtration which revealed
      a molecular weight of both factors in the range of 20 to 50 kDa. Both lymphokines
      were found to be sensitive to trypsin, low pH, and heat treatment but were not
      affected by neuraminidase. They do only interfere with the early events of the
      IgM response within 24 hours after the administration of the antigen. The
      conclusion is that the bidirectional modulation of the humoral immune response by
      histamine in mice is partially due to the induction of these lymphokines by a
      different efficacy of the histamine receptor activation at different T-cell
      subsets.

PMID- 3407556
TI  - Ventricular histamine concentrations in naive and morphine-treated rats during
      acute myocardial ischaemia.
AB  - The ventricular histamine concentrations of naive and morphine-treated rats
      subjected to acute left coronary artery ligation were examined. In naive animals,
      there was a significant increase in the right ventricular histamine level at 5
      min following ligation, but not at 3 or 10 min. Left ventricular histamine
      concentrations tended to decrease, but the changes were not statistically
      significant. In shamoperated rats, neither acute nor chronic morphine treatment
      significantly altered either right or left ventricular histamine levels. Acute
      morphine treatment also did not significantly affect the ventricular histamine
      content at 5 min following coronary artery ligation. However, both right and left
      ventricular histamine concentrations were found to be significantly lower in
      chronic morphine-treated rats than in the naive animals when they were subjected
      to acute myocardial ischaemia. If the hypothesis that histamine release may
      contribute to the genesis of early ventricular arrhythmias resulting from acute
      myocardial ischaemia is accepted, the present findings suggest that the
      previously reported decreased incidence and delayed onset of early ventricular
      arrhythmias induced by acute left coronary artery ligation in chronic morphine
      treated rats may be attributed to the reduced ventricular histamine
      concentrations.

PMID- 3407557
TI  - [The study of ocular counterrolling using CCD cameras with video-based technique.
      1. On normal subject].

PMID- 3407558
TI  - [The effect of ultraviolet irradiation on the corneal endothelium].

PMID- 3407559
TI  - [Clinical applications of time-dependent perimetry (7). Mechanisms of DFR and
      CFF].

PMID- 3407560
TI  - [Clinical application of the time-dependent perimetry (8). The regional
      difference with aging].

PMID- 3407561
TI  - [Effects of intraocular lens materials on complement activation and macrophage
      function].

PMID- 3407562
TI  - [Viscosity of subretinal fluid--relationship with composition and clinical
      findings].

PMID- 3407563
TI  - [Sparkling substances of ocular fundi in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive
      rats (SHRSP) fed on high-fat-cholesterol diet after uniligation of common carotid
      artery].

PMID- 3407564
TI  - [Histopathological investigation of posterior chamber lens with sterile anterior
      segment inflammation].

PMID- 3407565
TI  - [Monoclonal antibody to tissue-specific antigen of the retinal pigment
      epithelium].

PMID- 3407566
TI  - [Multicenter prospective studies of retinopathy of prematurity. I. Incidence and
      results of treatment].

PMID- 3407567
TI  - [Post surgical changes in cyclodeviation].

PMID- 3407568
TI  - [Monoclonal antibodies against interphotoreceptor matrix].

PMID- 3407569
TI  - [Evaluation of the central visual function in glaucoma measured by automated
      perimeter octopus and pattern VECP].

PMID- 3407570
TI  - [Reproducibility in the measurement of retinal mean circulation time using
      fluorescein video angiography and an image analysis system].

PMID- 3407571
TI  - [Familial hypo-retinol-binding proteinemia found in a child with keratomalacia].

PMID- 3407572
TI  - College and university requirements for teachers of the deaf at the undergraduate
      level.

PMID- 3407573
TI  - On readability formulas: a critical analysis for teachers of the deaf.

PMID- 3407575
TI  - Programs in Rochester serving alcohol/drug dependent deaf individuals.

PMID- 3407574
TI  - TDD conversations: a context for language sampling and analysis.

PMID- 3407576
TI  - The review of Reading and deafness.

PMID- 3407577
TI  - Reading and deafness is a biased publication.

PMID- 3407578
TI  - Attitudes toward computers of preservice teachers of hearing-impaired students.

PMID- 3407579
TI  - Story structure recall in hearing-impaired, learning-disabled and nondisabled
      children.

PMID- 3407580
TI  - The Gallaudet protest.

PMID- 3407582
TI  - Safety and cellular phones.

PMID- 3407581
TI  - From the concrete to the abstract: mathematics for deaf children.

PMID- 3407583
TI  - Cholesterol screening in children.

PMID- 3407584
TI  - Radiographic recognition of the St. Jude Medical valve.

PMID- 3407585
TI  - Family abuse of methylphenidate.
AB  - Methylphenidate is often the drug of choice for pharmacologic treatment of
      attention deficit disorder. Cases of parental abuse of the drug have been
      reported. The likelihood of antisocial personality disorder appears to be greater
      in families of children with attention deficit disorder, which emphasizes the
      need for strategies to reduce the abuse of prescription methylphenidate.

PMID- 3407586
TI  - Improved approach to patients with normocytic anemia.
AB  - A precise cause for normocytic anemia can be determined through applied
      pathophysiology. Examination of the peripheral blood smear may yield evidence of
      renal disease, liver disease, hemolysis or megaloblastic anemia. A reticulocyte
      count is performed next; then the creatinine clearance is determined. Bone marrow
      aspiration with iron stain should further narrow the cause. Physical examination
      and family history remain important in determining the etiology of normocytic
      anemia.

PMID- 3407587
TI  - Cocaine overdose.

PMID- 3407588
TI  - Lovastatin.

PMID- 3407589
TI  - Anabolic steroids: a dangerous breakfast of champions.

PMID- 3407590
TI  - Training for baby sitters.

PMID- 3407591
TI  - A direct reading method for chlorinated hydrocarbons in breath.
AB  - A direct reading method is described for the measurement of tetrachloroethylene
      and 1,1,1-trichloroethane in breath for concentrations ranging from 2.5 to 30
      ppm. It is based on colorimetric detector tube technology and consists of a two
      step procedure: 1) total breath sampling in a bag and 2) analysis of the bag's
      content by detector tubes for the solvent and carbon dioxide. The latter is used
      to take into account dead space dilution and possible hyper- or hypoventilation.
      The method is tested in volunteers experimentally exposed to tetrachloroethylene
      and 1,1,1-trichloroethane and in workers occupationally exposed to
      tetrachloroethylene. Its results are compared with a reference gas
      chromatographic method. The agreement between the methods is good, with a
      systematic proportional error of less than +13% for tetrachloroethylene. Repeated
      measurements show standard deviations ranging from 6% to 39% of the tested
      concentrations.

PMID- 3407592
TI  - Pulmonary function of guinea pigs exposed to freshly generated ultrafine zinc
      oxide with and without spike concentrations.
AB  - Exposure of guinea pigs 3 hr/day for 5 consecutive days to freshly formed
      ultrafine zinc oxide (ZnO) (count median diameter: 0.05 micron; geometric
      standard deviation: 2.0) at a concentration of 7 mg/m3 produced a gradual
      decrease in total lung capacity and vital capacity over the course of the
      exposure period. The carbon monoxide (CO) diffusing capacity (DLCO) was not
      affected until the fourth day, when it dropped abruptly to 30% below control
      levels. Wet-lung weight/body weight ratios and wet-lung/dry-lung weight ratios
      increased, indicating the presence of edema. Exposures to 2.7 mg/m3 ZnO, using
      the same 3 hr/day, 5 day time frame, did not alter any parameters measured. In 2
      experiments a single high peak of ZnO (25-34 mg/m3) occurred. In one experiment
      exposure was stopped, but pulmonary function measurements were made as scheduled;
      in the other case, exposures to ZnO were continued. In both, lung volumes were
      decreased abruptly and to a greater extent than when peaks were absent. Continued
      exposure caused greater decrements in total lung capacity (TLC) and vital
      capacity (VC) as well as decrements in functional residual capacity (FRC) and
      residual volume (RV) than were observed when exposure was stopped. Peak exposures
      reduced DLCO to 45%-60% below control. These values rose to 25%-30% below control
      with or without continued exposure. Airway resistance increased and compliance
      decreased following peak exposures. When exposure was stopped, these changes were
      reversible; with continued exposure they still were different from control levels
      on the fifth day.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3407593
TI  - Blood lead and maximal urinary excretion of delta-aminolevulinic acid.
AB  - Reliability and ease of use are certainly the two major qualities of a screening
      test or medical surveillance in the workplace. The advantages of using a reliable
      urinary test thus are evident: the sampling is easy, rapid, noninvasive and,
      therefore, well accepted. Screening tests or medical surveillance can measure the
      toxic chemical itself, its metabolites or its consequences on metabolism. In this
      study the relation between blood lead levels--the most commonly used test for
      screening and surveillance of saturnism--and urinary excretion of delta
      aminolevulinic acid (ALA-U) was measured. The original part of this study is that
      it takes into account the chronobiology of ALA-U excretion. The samples are
      collected in the afternoon when ALA urinary excretion is at its highest level.
      Using a 5 mg/g of creatinine level as a threshold to detect blood lead levels
      equal to or higher than 60 micrograms/dL the test has an 88% sensitivity, a 91%
      specificity and a 37% positive predictive value. No worker whose blood lead level
      is equal to or higher than 65 micrograms/dL has been missed. It is suggested that
      using 5 mg of ALA-U/g of creatinine as a threshold to prescreen workers who
      should have their blood lead level measured could be useful in workplaces where
      lead exposure is moderate or low.

PMID- 3407594
TI  - Development of an aerosol dispersion test to detect early changes in lung
      function.
AB  - The dispersion of a 0.5 micron aerosol bolus during tidal breathing differs
      significantly (p less than 0.0001) between a group of smokers (with approximately
      20 pack-years average exposure) and a comparable group of nonsmokers. Their mean
      differences in standard respiratory function indexes from spirometry [forced
      vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), mean forced
      expiratory flow during the middle half of the FVC (FEF25-75)] were smaller and
      not statistically significant. The test is simple to perform and may be done as
      quickly as spirometry but without using a forced exhalation. Comparison of the
      coefficients of variation for the dispersion test and FEV1 indicate that the
      aerosol dispersion test may be useful in epidemiologic investigations either by
      reducing the required population size or increasing the level of confidence.

PMID- 3407595
TI  - Changes in regional blood flow distribution induced by infusions of dopexamine
      hydrochloride or dobutamine in anesthetized dogs.
AB  - Systemic blood flow distribution was determined using radionuclide-labeled
      microspheres in anesthetized dogs during infusions of dopexamine hydrochloride or
      dobutamine. Three doses of the drugs were administered intravenously, in the form
      of 22-minute infusions (3 X 10(-9), 10(-8), 3 X 10(-8) mol/kg/min [1.3 to 12.9
      micrograms/kg/min] dopexamine hydrochloride and 10(-8), 3 X 10(-8), 10(-7)
      mol/kg/min [3.4 to 34.0 micrograms/kg/min] dobutamine). Both drugs induced dose
      dependent acceleration of the heart rate. Blood pressure was maintained during
      infusions of dobutamine, while dopexamine hydrochloride induced arterial
      hypotension. As a result, the increments in heart rate-blood pressure product
      were smaller with dopexamine hydrochloride than with dobutamine. Dopexamine
      hydrochloride induced blood flow increments in the heart, several sections of the
      gastrointestinal tract, kidney and skeletal muscle. Quantitatively, these changes
      were different from those induced by dobutamine in only 3 organs. The myocardial
      blood flow increments during infusions of dopexamine hydrochloride were smaller
      than those of dobutamine, whereas in the stomach and in skeletal muscle, the flow
      increments induced by dopexamine hydrochloride were significantly greater than
      those induced by dobutamine. The findings suggest that dopexamine hydrochloride,
      by virtue of its agonist activity at beta 2-adrenergic and DA1- and DA2
      dopaminergic receptors, is a powerful vasodilator.

PMID- 3407596
TI  - Dopexamine hydrochloride in chronic congestive heart failure with improved
      cardiac performance without increased metabolic cost.
AB  - Dopexamine hydrochloride is a new intravenous, short-acting agent with agonist
      activity at beta 2-adrenergic and DA1-dopaminergic receptors. The effects of
      dopexamine hydrochloride infusion on systemic and coronary hemodynamics,
      myocardial metabolism and the neuroendocrine system were evaluated in 10 patients
      with chronic severe congestive heart failure at baseline, at rates of 1, 2, 4 and
      6 micrograms/kg/min at 15-minute intervals, and after a 1-hour infusion of the
      "optimal" dose. Right atrial pressure was reduced by 25% (p less than 0.01),
      pulmonary capillary wedge pressure by 26% (p less than 0.05), systemic vascular
      resistance by 44% (p less than 0.001) and pulmonary vascular resistance by 34% (p
      less than 0.01) after the optimal dose. Heart rate increased by 17% (p less than
      0.01), rate-pressure product by 17% (p less than 0.01) and stroke volume index by
      31% (p less than 0.001). There was no change in mean arterial pressure,
      myocardial oxygen consumption, coronary sinus blood flow, myocardial oxygen
      extraction or norepinephrine balance. None of the patients demonstrated net
      myocardial lactate production. These findings suggest that dopexamine
      hydrochloride improves systemic hemodynamics and cardiac performance without
      adversely affecting myocardial energetics or norepinephrine balance. Thus,
      dopexamine hydrochloride may be a useful agent for the short-term treatment of
      congestive heart failure.

PMID- 3407597
TI  - Inotropic, vascular and neuroendocrine effects of dopexamine hydrochloride and
      comparison with dobutamine.
AB  - Dopexamine hydrochloride is a novel beta 2- and dopaminergic-receptor agonist
      proposed for intravenous therapy in patients with congestive heart failure. To
      gain a clearer knowledge of its efficacy relative to other agents, intravenous
      infusions of dopexamine hydrochloride (4 micrograms/kg/min) and dobutamine (10
      micrograms/kg/min) were administered to 10 patients with congestive heart failure
      (ejection fraction less than 0.4). Both agents increased stroke volume and
      cardiac indexes to a similar degree, and both decreased systemic vascular
      resistance, with a trend toward a greater decrease with dopexamine hydrochloride.
      Although dobutamine had no significant effect on left ventricular systolic
      pressure, dopexamine hydrochloride caused a decrease from 121 +/- 8 to 110 +/- 7
      mm Hg (p less than 0.01). Both dobutamine and dopexamine hydrochloride increased
      peak rate of left ventricular pressure development (dP/dt), and there was a trend
      to a greater increase with dobutamine (control 1,043 +/- 102 mm Hg/s; dobutamine
      1,340 +/- 142 mm Hg/s; dopexamine hydrochloride 1,213 +/- 120 mm Hg/s, p = 0.067
      vs dobutamine). Plasma norepinephrine levels increased only with dopexamine
      hydrochloride (+49%, p less than 0.05). Plasma renin activity increased with both
      agents (dobutamine +38%, p less than 0.06; dopexamine hydrochloride +41%, p less
      than 0.05). Dobutamine and dopexamine hydrochloride, therefore, improve cardiac
      function by way of both vasodilator and inotropic mechanisms. At the doses
      administered, dopexamine hydrochloride relies on a greater systemic vasodilator
      effect than dobutamine to achieve and increase in left ventricular performance.
      Increased levels of endogenous catecholamines may contribute to the increased
      inotropic state with dopexamine hydrochloride.

PMID- 3407598
TI  - Use of dopexamine hydrochloride in intensive care patients with low-output left
      ventricular heart failure.
AB  - The short- and long-term hemodynamic effects of intravenous dopexamine
      hydrochloride (Dopacard) were studied in 12 patients with low cardiac output left
      ventricular heart failure. In the short-term study, a dose of 4 micrograms/kg/min
      produced a 60% increase in cardiac output (p less than 0.001), a 30% increase in
      stroke volume (p less than 0.01), a 23% increase in heart rate (p less than 0.01)
      and a 39% decrease in systemic vascular resistance (p less than 0.001). In the
      long-term study, there was a sustained hemodynamic benefit after 8 hours of
      dopexamine hydrochloride infusion (mean dose 3.5 micrograms/kg/min). There was a
      32% increase in cardiac output (p less than 0.001), an 18% increase in stroke
      volume (p less than 0.05), a 12% increase in heart rate (p less than 0.001) and a
      30% decrease in systemic vascular resistance (p less than 0.01). After 48 hours
      of dopexamine hydrochloride infusion (mean dose 3.8 micrograms/kg/min), the
      hemodynamic effect was significant only for cardiac output (+20%, p less than
      0.05) and for systemic vascular resistance (-26%, p less than 0.01). Thus,
      dopexamine hydrochloride has beneficial short-term hemodynamic effects in
      patients with low-output left ventricular heart failure and the benefit appears
      to diminish with long-term infusion.

PMID- 3407599
TI  - Hemodynamic effects of dopexamine hydrochloride infusions of 48 to 72 hours'
      duration for severe congestive heart failure.
AB  - Dopexamine hydrochloride, a new dopaminergic derivative with potent beta 2
      agonist activity, was administered to 10 patients with severe congestive heart
      failure. Initially, the drug was infused at increasing dosage to achieve a
      maximal tolerated dose and then titrated to maintain acceptable clinical
      parameters over the next 48 to 72 hours. Cardiac index increased significantly
      during the initial titration and at peak effect. Tolerance over the duration of
      the study was noted in most patients, although further increases in cardiac index
      could usually be achieved by modest increases in the infusion rate. The peak
      hemodynamic effect was noted at an average infusion rate of 4.8
      micrograms/kg/min. Both stroke volume and stroke work indexes increased during
      dopexamine hydrochloride infusion in association with decreases in mean arterial,
      right atrial, mean pulmonary artery and pulmonary capillary wedge pressures,
      systemic vascular resistance and pulmonary arteriolar resistance. Cardiac output
      increased by 60% during the infusion and this was out of proportion to the 12%
      increase in heart rate at peak effect. Most of the increase in cardiac index
      appeared to be due to the strong vasodilatory profile of the medication producing
      afterload reduction, with direct inotropic and chronotropic effects contributing
      to a lesser degree. Drug-related side effects occurred in 4 patients and were
      easily controlled by down-titration. Dopexamine hydrochloride is an effective and
      well-tolerated sympathomimetic agent that increases cardiac index while promoting
      vasodilatation.

PMID- 3407600
TI  - Clinical behavior of paroxysmal atrial tachycardia.
AB  - Paroxysmal atrial tachycardia is a familiar arrhythmia that has been studied
      extensively for the past decade using intracardiac recording and programmed
      electrical stimulation. These studies have thoroughly documented the mechanisms
      of this arrhythmia and its associated atrioventricular conduction abnormalities,
      but little is known about the spontaneous clinical behavior of this arrhythmia. A
      group of 34 patients with paroxysmal atrial tachycardia were studied using
      telephone transmission of the electrocardiogram to document recurrent
      tachycardia. When antiarrhythmic therapy was withdrawn, median time to the first
      recurrence of tachycardia was 19 days, mean heart rate during spontaneous
      tachycardia was 203.5 +/- 34.9 beats/min, and the median duration of an attack
      was 20 minutes. In a group of patients who were followed while many consecutive
      attacks were documented, the time intervals between attacks were found to be
      uncorrelated and to fit an exponential probability distribution (i.e., the
      occurrence of paroxysmal atrial tachycardia behaved like a Poisson process).
      Paroxysmal atrial tachycardia does not occur in a chaotic and unpredictable
      fashion; it is an event that occurs according to common probability models.

PMID- 3407601
TI  - Daily caloric intake of normal-weight adults: response to changes in dietary
      energy density of a luncheon meal.
AB  - The extent and time course of caloric compensation for surreptitious dilutions
      and supplements to the energy value of the diet were examined in free-living
      normal-weight adults. Ten subjects were provided lunches containing approximately
      66% more or less calories than their customary midday meal for 2-wk periods which
      were interposed between 1-wk baseline or recovery periods. Diet records were kept
      throughout the study. Total energy intakes did not differ among the three control
      periods (weeks 1, 4, and 7) or between any of these periods and when subjects
      were provided the low-calorie meal. Total energy intake was significantly higher
      relative to all other periods when subjects ingested the high-calorie meal. To
      the extent that compensation occurred, it was apparent immediately and did not
      appear to change over the 2-wk study periods. The results suggest that humans
      compensate more readily for decreases than for increases in caloric intake.

PMID- 3407602
TI  - Essential fatty acid deficiency in premature infants.
AB  - To better characterize essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiency in neonates, we
      assessed 63 premature infants by serial determinations of plasma fatty acids for
      the level of linoleic acid, the presence of an abnormal trienoic acid (5,8,11
      eicosatrienoic acid [20:3 omega 9]), and the ratio of this compound to
      arachidonic acid, ie, the triene-tetraene ratio. The data indicated that at age 7
      d, 67% of these infants had low plasma linoleic acid levels, 62% showed readily
      detectable 20:3 omega 9, and 44% had a high triene-tetraene ratio. Infants fed by
      age 2 d had a normal mean linoleate level at 7 d and none showed detectable 20:3
      omega 9 by 10 d. In contrast, infants who were not fed until 7 d showed a very
      high incidence of abnormal fatty acid status. By maintaining a daily record of
      linoleate intake, we calculated from regression models that the average amount
      required to achieve normal fatty acid nutrition was 1.19 g.kg-1.d-1.

PMID- 3407603
TI  - Proteinuria and renal function in diabetic patients fed a diet moderately
      restricted in protein.
AB  - Protein restriction has been used in the treatment of renal disease and may also
      be beneficial in the management of diabetic nephropathy. We evaluated the effects
      of moderate protein restriction (0.6 g/kg ideal body weight per day) for a 3-mo
      period on renal function in seven diabetic patients. Moderate protein restriction
      led to a decrease of approximately 50% in the albumin excretion rate in patients
      with overt proteinuria or microalbuminuria. This decrease occurred in some
      patients without a decrease in glomerular filtration rate, renal plasma flow, or
      plasma albumin concentration and may reflect subtle changes in filtration
      properties or permeability of glomeruli. In this pilot study moderate protein
      restriction has marked effects on albumin excretion irrespective of the initial
      degree of renal impairment. It is therefore suitable for longer-term study of its
      effects on the progression of renal disease in both patients with overt and
      incipient diabetic nephropathy.

PMID- 3407604
TI  - Low-glycemic-index starchy foods in the diabetic diet.
AB  - Eight patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes underwent two 2-wk study
      periods in random order during which they were provided with carbohydrate foods
      with either a high or low glycemic index (GI). Over both high-GI and low-GI
      periods there were significant reductions in body weight, serum fructosamine, and
      cholesterol. Reductions in fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, and urinary c-peptide-to
      creatinine ratio were significant only over the low-GI period despite a smaller
      mean weight loss. Reductions in triglyceride were significant only over the high
      GI diet. Inclusion of low-GI foods into diets of patients with diabetes may be an
      additional measure that favorably influences carbohydrate metabolism without
      increasing insulin demand.

PMID- 3407605
TI  - GI transit and absorption of solid food: multiple effects of guar.
AB  - These experiments were undertaken in dogs with midintestinal fistulas to
      determine whether guar added to a meal of solid food would disrupt gastric
      sieving and give rise to maldigestion of solid food. Dogs were fed a standard
      meal of steak, chicken liver, bread, margarine, and water in which there was 0,
      3.3, 7.5, or 15 g guar powder. The margarine or the liver contained
      [14C]triolein. Using an isotope ratio method, we determined how much
      [14C]triolein was absorbed at midintestine. We found that guar in a dose-related
      fashion increased the weight of chyme collected at midintestine, markedly reduced
      the percent of triolein absorbed by midintestine from 88 to 38%, and profoundly
      increased the passage to midintestine of large, poorly digestible pieces of steak
      and liver. The viscosity of the guar promoted the GI transit of large, poorly
      digestible pieces of food but also reduced absorption by other mechanisms.

PMID- 3407606
TI  - Vitamin A and vitamin E status of rural preschool children in West Java,
      Indonesia, and their response to oral doses of vitamin A and of vitamin E.
AB  - Vitamin A and E status was studied in five groups (satisfactory growth, reduced
      growth, night blindness, Bitot's spots, and corneal xerosis) of rural Indonesian
      preschool children. All groups except corneal xerosis showed satisfactory weight
      height ratios. Initial serum retinol values were less than 0.35 mumol/L in 34% of
      all children. After oral administration of 24.4 mumol vitamin A, mean serum
      retinol values rose from 0.42 to 0.70 mumol/L at 10 d. After oral treatment of
      children with 244 or 314 mumol vitamin A, mean serum retinol remained greater
      than 0.56 mumol/L for 165 d. Of particular note were the low mean initial serum
      alpha-tocopherol concentrations (6.3 mumol/L) and alpha-tocopherol-total lipid
      ratios (1.5 mumol/g). Total serum lipids fell in the normal range. Oral
      administration of 84 mumol vitamin E raised serum alpha-tocopherol and alpha
      tocopherol-total-lipid ratios by 46 and 44%, respectively. Thus, vitamin E
      inadequacy, which impairs vitamin A absorption and storage, may well contribute
      to the high incidence of clinical vitamin A deficiency in West Javan children.

PMID- 3407607
TI  - Human vitamin B-6 pools estimated through muscle biopsies.
AB  - Previous estimates of total vitamin B-6 pools in humans based on extrapolations
      from tracer studies yielded values of 107-190 mumol when the tracer was
      administered orally and 345-725 mumol when the tracer was administered
      intravenously. To obtain a more direct estimate of vitamin B-6 pools, muscle
      biopsies from five female and seven male adults were analyzed by cation-exchange
      chromatography. Total muscle mass was estimated from creatinine excretion and the
      assumption that muscle is 40% of the body weight. The total muscle vitamin B-6
      pool was estimated to be 917 +/- 319 mumol in the females and 850 +/- 216 mumol
      in the males. Because muscle accounts for approximately 80% of the vitamin B-6 in
      the body, the total body pool of vitamin B-6 in adult humans is probably
      approximately 1000 mumol.

PMID- 3407608
TI  - Biotinidase in human breast milk.
AB  - Biotinidase activity in 19 samples of human breast milk was investigated with the
      sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-fluorometric method that
      we developed. All samples exhibited biotinidase activity. For mature milk the
      mean activity of 17 samples was 0.208 nmol.min-1.mL-1 milk (range, 0.087-0.516
      nmol.min-1.mL-1) and mean specific activity was 7.51 pmol.min-1.mg-1 protein
      (range, 2.17-17.2 pmol.min-1.mg-1). These values are relatively low compared with
      the activity in human serum (5.26 +/- 2.92 nmol.min-1.mL-1 serum and 95.6 +/-
      53.1 pmol.min-1.mg-1 protein; n = 246). Biotinidase activities of milk obtained
      at various times after birth were not significantly different. However,
      biotinidase activity in colostrum was about five times higher than that of mature
      milk. The existence of biotinidase activity in all specimens suggests that this
      enzyme plays an important nutritional role during infancy.

PMID- 3407609
TI  - Bioavailability of beta-carotene in humans.
AB  - Normal healthy volunteers were studied after they ingested various beta-carotene
      doses. Daily administration of 15 or 45 mg beta-carotene resulted in significant
      increase in plasma beta-carotene levels. The extent of increase and the pattern
      of plasma beta-carotene levels showed substantial interindividual variation.
      Absorption of beta-carotene was affected by dietary fat concentration.
      Individuals placed on a high-fat diet showed significant increases in plasma beta
      carotene as compared with those placed on a low-fat diet. Pharmacological doses
      of beta-carotene (45 and 90 mg) were used in intermittent schedules (5-6 d
      intervals) without altering the steady state of beta-carotene plasma levels.
      Yellowing of the skin occasionally occurred during daily dosing with 45 mg beta
      carotene without evidence of toxicity. The observed individual variation in
      bioavailability of beta-carotene raises questions regarding clinical use of this
      micronutrient. It appears that determination of target plasma beta-carotene
      concentrations is essential for effective use of this compound in prevention or
      treatment.

PMID- 3407610
TI  - Calcium absorption: effect of meal and glucose polymer.
AB  - Various nonelectrolyte meal components such as glucose and lysine enhance
      gastrointestinal calcium absorption under experimental conditions. The effect of
      a mixed meal on Ca absorption from Ca supplements is unknown. The effect of
      glucose polymer on Ca absorption when ingested with food also is unknown. Using a
      single-day method, we measured net Ca absorption from Ca carbonate when ingested
      in fasting state, with a steak and potatoes meal, and with the meal and 50 g
      glucose polymer. Eight healthy human subjects were studied after a 500-mg
      elemental Ca dose. Mean net Ca absorption was 195 +/- 18 mg (4.87 +/- 0.45 mmol)
      fasting, 213 +/- 21 mg (5.31 +/- 0.52 mmol) with a meal, and 179 +/- 16 mg (4.47
      +/- 0.40 mmol) with a meal plus glucose polymer. The differences are not
      statistically significant. In normal people Ca absorption from Ca carbonate was
      not significantly enhanced by a meal or by 50 g glucose polymer ingested with
      food.

PMID- 3407611
TI  - Selenium and vitamin E supplementation: activities of glutathione peroxidase in
      human tissues.
AB  - Twenty-seven New Zealand women received daily for 4 wk, 200 micrograms selenium
      as sodium selenite, 170 mg alpha-tocopherol acetate, or a placebo. Se
      supplementation raised platelet selenoglutathione peroxidase (Se-GSHPx, p less
      than 0.001) and also Se and Se-GSHPx in whole blood and plasma. Se concentrations
      and Se-GSHPx activities in liver biopsies taken after supplementation were
      greater (p less than 0.05) for the Se group and a good correlation was found
      between Se and Se-GSHPx in liver and muscle for all subjects. Platelet Se-GSHPx
      correlated well with Se and Se-GSHPx in liver, indicating its suitability for
      assessing Se bioavailability. This is the first reported study of relationships
      between Se and Se-GSHPx in human liver and muscle tissue and platelet Se-GSHPx
      after Se supplementation. These observations verify in man relationships observe
      in animal studies, giving support to assumptions made in methods for assessing Se
      status and bioavailability in man, in particular the use of platelet GSHPx.

PMID- 3407612
TI  - Zinc status of healthy elderly adults: response to supplementation.
AB  - The zinc status of 53 healthy elderly subjects was evaluated. The dietary Zn
      intake estimated by 24-h recall was 9.2 mg/d and 65% of subjects had intakes less
      than two-thirds of the RDA. Mean serum Zn concentration (13.0 mumol/L) and
      urinary Zn excretion (7.0 mumol/d) were normal. The Zn content of platelets,
      mononuclear cells, and polymorphonuclear cells was 5.8, 147, and 135 nmol/10(9)
      cells, respectively. Seventeen subjects were supplemented for 28 d with 30 mg
      Zn/d. The mean concentration of Zn in serum and urine increased 24% and 2.5-fold,
      respectively. Zn content of platelets and leukocytes did not change with Zn
      supplementation. The concentration of visceral proteins (ie, albumin, prealbumin,
      transferrin, and retinol-binding protein) and immunoglobulins (ie, IgG, IgA, and
      IgM) did not change with Zn supplementation. The data indicate that aging per se
      does not necessarily imply poor Zn status.

PMID- 3407613
TI  - Bioavailability in humans of zinc from beef: intrinsic vs extrinsic labels.
AB  - Beef is a concentrated source of zinc. However, the bioavailability of Zn from
      beef has not been clearly established. It is also unclear whether there is a
      difference in absorption between intrinsic and extrinsic Zn. To address these
      questions, a calf was labeled with 65ZnCl2 and the meat was used as a source of
      intrinsically labeled beef. Twelve subjects were given a meal containing 100 g
      beef labeled either intrinsically or extrinsically with 65ZnCl2. Gamma-ray
      emissions, as determined by whole-body counting, were used to calculate Zn
      absorption. Absorption values were 20.9 +/- 5.5% from the extrinsic meal and 26.4
      +/- 10.6% from the intrinsic meal, a difference that was not statistically
      significant (p greater than 0.05). Zn absorption was thus much less than the 40%
      assumed in establishing the 1980 Recommended Dietary Allowance for Zn. These
      results also indicate that extrinsic labels of Zn are valid markers of zinc
      absorption in beef.

PMID- 3407614
TI  - Nutritional status in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis.
AB  - Nutritional status of 86 patients with dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) was defined
      by anthropometric measurements and hematological and biochemical laboratory tests
      to establish prevalence of malabsorption and malnutrition. Anthropometric
      measurements in DH patients were comparable to normal control patients. Four
      individuals were of short stature; two had had diarrhea and failed to thrive in
      childhood. Abnormalities attributable to nutritional deficiency were detected in
      only 6 of the 86, whereas drug-associated hematological or biochemical changes
      were present in 36 of 55 subjects treated with dapsone or sulfapyridine. Twenty
      patients had hemolytic anemia or macrocytosis related to drug therapy. Only two
      had anemias attributable to malabsorption; one was iron deficient, the other
      folate deficient. Two other patients were mildly Fe deficient and two had slight
      folate deficiency; they lacked other stigmata of malabsorption. Drug-induced
      hematological and biochemical abnormalities were more common than changes that
      suggest nutritional disease, even though most DH patients had an enteropathy at
      presentation.

PMID- 3407615
TI  - Immunological responses to chronic heat exposure and food restriction in rats.
AB  - Immunological variables were studied in rats chronically exposed to high
      environmental temperature (35 degrees C). Responses were compared with those of
      rats at 25 degrees C both fed ad libitum and pair fed to the decreased intake
      found in heat-exposed rats. Heat-exposed rats showed slower delayed-type
      hypersensitivity responses to keyhole limpet hemocyanin. They showed lower counts
      of peripheral blood total T cells (OX19+) as well as helper T cells (W3/25+) and
      smaller numbers of splenic T cells. The thymus was decreased in size. Increased
      levels of serum IgG antitetanus toxoid antibodies were found in heat-exposed
      rats. [3H]-thymidine incorporation into Concanavalin A (ConA)-stimulated splenic
      lymphocytes was decreased in pair-fed rats but not significantly altered in heat
      exposed rats compared with controls. Heat exposure alters some aspects of both
      cellular and humoral immune function in a manner different from that induced by
      comparable food restriction without heat exposure.

PMID- 3407616
TI  - Chronic malnutrition, dental caries, and tooth exfoliation in Peruvian children
      aged 3-9 years.
AB  - A cross-sectional evaluation of dental caries in primary teeth and nutritional
      status was conducted involving 285 Peruvian children from low socioeconomic
      conditions aged 3-9 y. Forty-nine percent of the children were found to be
      chronically malnourished (stunted) whereas acute malnutrition (wasting) was
      infrequent (2%). Stunted children showed a delayed exfoliation of primary teeth.
      The caries prevalence curve as a function of age (ie, a plot of decayed,
      extracted, and filled teeth vs age) was found to be shifted to the right by
      approximately 15 mo in stunted children as compared with well-nourished children.
      Children aged 7-9 y with stunted growth showed a significantly higher percentage
      of carious teeth than did well-nourished children of the same age (40 and 29%,
      respectively; p less than 0.005). Nutritional deficits that lead to chronic
      malnutrition not only may affect tooth exfoliation but also appear to render the
      primary teeth more susceptible to caries attack later in life.

PMID- 3407617
TI  - Vitamin D nutritional status and related biochemical indices in an autonomous
      elderly population.
AB  - Energy, calcium, phosphorus, protein, and vitamin D dietary intakes, assessed
      from 24-h recall, were determined for 137 women and 49 men living alone who had
      low incomes. Related biochemical indices were measured. Women had lower energy,
      Ca, P, and protein intakes than did men and Vitamin D intakes were low for both
      groups. More than 50% of the cohort consumed less than 50% of the Recommended
      Nutrient Intakes (RNI) for vitamin D and 21-26% for Ca. Although serum 25
      hydroxyvitamin D [25-(OH)D] levels were lower than those observed in a reference
      population, the mean serum Ca, inorganic P, and alkaline phosphatase were not
      different. The dietary data and serum 25-(OH)D levels suggest that this
      population is at risk for hypovitaminosis D.

PMID- 3407618
TI  - Rebound effect with ascorbic acid in adult males.

PMID- 3407619
TI  - Zinc, vitamin B-6, and nutrients.

PMID- 3407620
TI  - ChlVPP--an effective and well-tolerated alternative to MOPP therapy for Hodgkin's
      disease.
AB  - The substitution of chlorambucil for nitrogen mustard and vinblastine for
      vincristine has been suggested to be an equally effective and well-tolerated
      variation of the MOPP regimen (mechlorethamine, vincristine, procarbazine, and
      prednisone). We treated 76 patients with advanced (i.e., Stage III, IV, or II
      with bulky mediastinal mass) or recurrent Hodgkin's disease with chlorambucil 6
      mg/m2, procarbazine 100 mg/m2, and prednisone 40 mg p.o. daily, all on days 1-14;
      plus vinblastine 6 mg/m2 i.v. on day 1 and 8 of each 28-day cycle (ChlVPP). There
      was no maximum dose of the myelosuppressive agents. Patients who had not
      previously been irradiated received from 2,300 to 4,100 cGY to sites of
      previously bulky diseases after completing 6 cycles of ChlVPP. ChlVPP was easy to
      administer (i.e., 87% of patients without previous chemotherapy received greater
      than or equal to 80% of the planned doses of myelosuppressive drugs) and was
      generally well tolerated, with only occasional vomiting from procarbazine and
      phlebitis from vinblastine. In patients without previous chemotherapy, 49 (76%)
      achieved a complete remission (CR) and 7 (11%) a stable partial remission (i.e.,
      residual, stable radiographic abnormality). With a maximum follow-up of 4 years,
      only one CR has relapsed for an actuarial CR durability of 97%. ChlVPP with
      consolidative radiation therapy to sites of bulky disease is effective in
      advanced Hodgkin's disease and, compared with most other available regimens, is
      extremely well tolerated.

PMID- 3407621
TI  - Cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, and cis-platinum (CAP) in metastatic and locally
      advanced breast cancer.
AB  - A combination of cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, and cis-platinum (CAP) was tested
      in 20 previously untreated patients with locally advanced or metastatic breast
      cancer with the aim of assessing the ability of this platinum-containing regimen
      to induce a high complete remission rate. The drug regimen was given on a 3/week
      schedule at the following doses: cyclophosphamide 200 mg/m2 i.v. on days 1, 2, 3;
      adriamycin 40 mg/m2 i.v. or day 1 and cis-platinum 20 mg/m2 i.v. plus hydration
      on days 1, 2, 3. In the absence of progression, six cycles of CAP were planned
      and response was evaluated at that time. Thirteen of 20 patients achieved partial
      remission (65%) but only one obtained complete remission (5%). Overall median
      duration of response was 9 months (range 4-20 + months). Tumor response was
      mainly documented in soft tissues (primary tumor: 14 of 16; other sites: 19 of
      20). Grade II leukopenia was documented in 60% of patients. All patients
      experienced moderate to severe gastrointestinal toxicity and alopecia was
      universal. No renal toxicity was observed. Although CAP regimen at the given dose
      schedule induced a high overall response rate (70%), the complete remission rate
      in this limited number of patients was lower than expected. These results do not
      appear superior to those achieved with conventional drug regimens.

PMID- 3407622
TI  - Salvage treatment with intermediate-dose methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil in
      metastatic breast cancer.
AB  - Twenty-six patients (25 evaluable for response) with previously treated
      metastatic breast cancer were treated with intermediate-dose methotrexate (300
      mg/m2) followed by 5-fluorouracil (600 mg/m2) and folinic acid-SF (Leucovorin)
      rescue (10 mg/m2 q 6 h X 6 doses) with or without tamoxifen (20 mg) and
      conjugated estrogen (Premarin) (.625 mg twice daily) depending on receptor
      status. There were two partial responses (8%) with no difference in response
      between patients who did or did not receive hormones. Toxicity was primarily
      hematological and elevation of liver function tests. The above schedule has
      minimal activity in previously treated metastatic breast-cancer patients.

PMID- 3407623
TI  - Cisplatin in combination with continuous infusion vinblastine for refractory
      breast cancer.
AB  - We assessed antitumor activity and toxic effects of cisplatin and 5-day
      continuous infusion vinblastine in 25 evaluable patients with metastatic breast
      carcinoma refractory to one or more chemotherapeutic regimens. We administered
      cisplatin at 70 mg/m2 i.v. followed by vinblastine 1.5 mg/m2 daily for five
      consecutive days. In our heavily pretreated, poor performance patient population,
      we observed one complete response and four partial responses, with a median time
      to progression of 35 weeks. Toxic effects were significant and prevented dosage
      escalation. The addition of cisplatin does not appear to improve the therapeutic
      value of vinblastine alone.

PMID- 3407624
TI  - Follow-up after stage II breast cancer: a comparative study of relapsed versus
      nonrelapsed patients.
AB  - A retrospective study was undertaken to compare the frequency of scheduled and
      unscheduled (extra) visits and the signs and symptoms reported on such visits for
      31 patients with relapse and 31 matched relapse-free patients all of whom had
      completed adjuvant treatment for stage II breast cancer. All patients had been
      treated with the same identical adjuvant therapy program and all had the same
      regular follow-up schedule, including clinic visits for history and physical
      examination every 6 months and chest x-ray, complete blood profile, bone scan,
      and mammogram yearly. Almost all (29/31) relapsed patients had signs or symptoms
      as the first indicator of recurrence. During a follow-up period of 13-16 months,
      the relapsed and nonrelapsed patients had a total of 89 and 81 visits,
      respectively, with an unscheduled visit occurring for almost every two routine
      visits. Almost all of the 89 total visits for relapsed patients and almost 75%
      for nonrelapsed patients were associated with signs or symptoms, a majority of
      which could have been due to cancer recurrence. We conclude that history and
      physical examination generally provide the first clues to recurrence but that
      such symptoms and signs are frequently reported by nonrelapsed patients as well
      as those with recurrence.

PMID- 3407625
TI  - Epithelioid granulomas revisited: long-term follow-up in Hodgkin's disease.
AB  - A previous retrospective study of epithelioid granulomas discovered in the liver
      or spleen at staging laparotomy for Hodgkin's disease showed that the granulomas
      were not indicative of malignant involvement of these organs. Rather, they
      correlated with improved relapse-free survival in affected patients compared to
      those without granulomas. These findings were based on 2 year median follow-up.
      To confirm and expand these findings after additional follow-up, we analyzed the
      clinical data for 89 of the original cohort of 91 patients who underwent staging
      laparotomy at our institution between July, 1968 through December, 1972. Neither
      time to first relapse nor overall survival duration is now significantly
      different between the granuloma and nongranuloma groups. Of the nongranuloma
      patients 23/67 (34%) have relapsed versus 3/16 (19%) patients with granulomas
      (Fisher's exact test p = 0.184). The relapse-free survival advantage for patients
      with granulomas seen in the earlier report is no longer apparent after more
      prolonged follow-up.

PMID- 3407626
TI  - Continuous 5-fluorouracil infusion in advanced gastric carcinoma.
AB  - Fourteen patients with advanced gastric adenocarcinoma were treated with
      continuous 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) infusion, 300 mg/m2/day, through an indwelling
      central venous catheter; 13 were evaluable for response. The results were as
      follows; Partial remission was seen in 4 of 13 patients (31%), stable disease in
      5 of 13 patients (38%), and progressive disease in 4 of 13 patients (31%). The
      median duration of response was 19 weeks (range, 10-41), and the median survival
      for all patients from initiation of infusion was 27 weeks (range, 9-54).
      Treatment interruption and/or dosage attenuation for toxicity was necessary in 7
      of 14 patients (50%); however, myelosuppression, alopecia, and nausea and
      vomiting were not observed. 5-FU infusion is well-tolerated, palliative therapy
      for patients with advanced gastric carcinoma and may warrant further
      investigation in combination with other chemotherapeutic drugs.

PMID- 3407627
TI  - Prolonged chlorpromazine infusion as antiemetic in patients on daily cisplatin
      infusion. A pilot study.
AB  - Continuous chlorpromazine infusion 120 mg/m2/24 h was administered for a period
      of 84-110 h to 24 consecutive patients with various advanced solid malignancies
      receiving concomitantly a 3-day infusion of cisplatin. The latter was given at a
      dose of 40 mg/m2/day over 6 h every day, in combination with either doxorubicin
      and cyclophosphamide or 5-fluorouracil infusion or vinblastine and bleomycin.
      This novel approach of using prolonged continuous chlorpromazine infusion as
      antiemetic therapy proved quite safe with no incidence of extrapyramidal
      toxicity, hepatotoxicity, or agranulocytosis. Only one episode of convulsions
      occurred, promptly reversed. Also, antiemesis was demonstrated in 66% of patients
      receiving such highly emetogenic chemotherapy. Blood levels of chlorpromazine did
      not correlate with antiemetic efficacy.

PMID- 3407628
TI  - Response rate and toxicity with aziridinylbenzoquinone in patients with recurrent
      gliomas. A progress report.
AB  - Aziridinylbenzoquinone (AZQ), a quinone-containing lipophilic alkylating agent
      with molecular properties allowing for good penetration through the blood-brain
      barrier into the central nervous system, was evaluated in a phase II trial for
      recurrent gliomas patients. Twenty-four patients with computed tomography (CT)
      scan measurable disease were entered into the trial and received AZQ in doses of
      a weekly infusion of 15 mg/m2 (group A) and 17.5 mg/m2 (group B). Twenty-two
      patients were evaluable for both response and toxicity. There were no complete
      responses in this study. Partial response rates of 23% (3/13) and 11% (1/9) were
      achieved in group A and group B patients, for a median duration of response of 35
      (range 10-106 weeks) and 19 weeks, respectively. The disease was stabilized in
      five patients from group A and in four patients from group B. Toxicity was mainly
      hematologic.

PMID- 3407629
TI  - Transperineal 125iodine endocurietherapy of prostate cancer.
AB  - We present the improved implant technique, intraoperative and postoperative
      complications, local control, and survival of 67 patients with cancer of the
      prostate treated by means of percutaneous transperineal template permanent
      125iodine interstitial endocurietherapy (ECT). This ECT technique is a simple,
      easily learned, accurate and rapid procedure that can be performed without
      subjecting the patient to celiotomy. The use of vicryl carriers for permanent
      125iodine implantation of the prostate with the percutaneous transperineal
      template technique prevents seed loss and permits implantation of patients after
      transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP).

PMID- 3407630
TI  - A phase II study of spirogermanium in advanced large bowel cancer. An Eastern
      Cooperative Oncology Group study.
AB  - Thirty-one patients with advanced colorectal cancer were entered on a phase II
      study of spirogermanium. Of these, 23 received the drug at the dose of 200 mg/m2
      intravenously (i.v.) over 4 h twice a week every week. There were 2 (9%) partial
      responses. No complete responses were noted. Two life-threatening and six severe
      toxicities were observed. We conclude that this drug has some activity against
      colorectal cancer.

PMID- 3407631
TI  - Multiple primary malignant tumors.

PMID- 3407632
TI  - Daily and major life events: a test of an integrative model of psychosocial
      stress.
AB  - The hypothesis that negative daily events mediate the relationship between major
      negative events and psychological symptomatology was tested using a three-wave,
      three-variable panel design. Measures of major and daily life events and
      psychological symptomatology were administered to 58 older adolescents at three
      time points during the transition from high school to college. The results
      indicated that the pathways from major life events to daily events and from daily
      events to psychological symptomatology were significant at each of the time
      points, but that the direct pathways from major events to psychological
      symptomatology were not significant at any time point. Thus, the hypothesis was
      fully supported. The findings are discussed in light of their implications for an
      integrative theory of the process by which major and daily events have an effect
      on psychological symptomatology.

PMID- 3407633
TI  - Risk status of adolescent children of problem-drinking parents.
AB  - These studies assessed the risk status of children of untreated alcoholics. In
      Study 1, a cross-sectional survey of 208 high school students identified 18% as
      having serious concern about their parents' drinking. In Study 2, 32 children of
      problem-drinking parents and 39 others who participated in self-help groups were
      surveyed. Children of problem-drinking parents were more at risk of depression,
      low self-esteem, and heavy drinking than their peers in the general high school
      population. Within self-help groups, however, children's symptomatology was not
      related to their parents' drinking status. The results support the need for
      preventive intervention for children of problem-drinking parents and for
      developing strategies for improving the participation rate of such children in
      the intervention programs that are available.

PMID- 3407634
TI  - The relationship between long-term psychiatric clients' psychological well-being
      and their perceptions of housing and social support.
AB  - This research tested hypotheses derived from motivation-hygiene theory that
      housing and social support would be differentially related to long-term
      psychiatric clients' Positive Affect and Negative Affect. The participants were
      89 people between the ages of 18 and 65, who had been hospitalized for
      psychiatric problems at least twice and who had been diagnosed as schizophrenic,
      chronic depressive, or manic-depressive. Results indicated that the number of
      Housing Concerns was positively correlated with Negative Affect but not Positive
      Affect. Support Satisfaction was negatively correlated with Negative Affect, and
      Frequency of Support was positively correlated with Positive Affect. Interactions
      between the housing variable and Network Size were found for both Positive Affect
      and Negative Affect, thus supporting the stress-buffering hypothesis. The
      findings provided mixed support for motivation-hygiene theory.

PMID- 3407635
TI  - Hemostatic effects of hormonal stimulation in patients with metastatic prostate
      cancer.
AB  - Hemostatic abnormalities are common in patients with metastatic malignancy and
      are attributed, in part, to materials secreted by tumor cells. Tumor stimulation
      might therefore cause further perturbation of hemostasis. This article reports
      observations on the effects of androgen stimulation on multiple hemostatic
      parameters in patients with metastatic prostate cancer. Testosterone was given
      before chemotherapy in an experimental protocol designed to increase tumor
      sensitivity to cytotoxic agents. The following parameters were measured on day 0
      (before) and days 2 and 4 of fluoxymesterone administration: PT, APTT, platelet
      count, plasma betathromboglobulin (BTG), platelet factor 4 (PF4), fibrinogen,
      fibrin(ogen) split products (FSP), factor VIII coagulant activity (VIII C), von
      Willebrand factor antigen (vWF Ag), fibrinopeptide A (FPA), antithrombin III (AT
      III), and protein C antigen (PC). Ten patients were studied during 17 cycles of
      hormonal stimulation. Baseline levels of BTG, PF4, fibrinogen, FSP, factor VIII
      C, vWF Ag, and FPA were significantly elevated compared with normal control.
      Although androgen stimulation resulted in elevation of BTG, FPA, and FSP levels
      by day 4 in many patients, the changes for the entire group were not
      statistically significant. Other parameters remained unchanged or were only
      slightly elevated. Two patients developed laboratory evidence of disseminated
      intravascular coagulation (DIC) but were clinically unaffected. Our data suggest
      that most patients with metastatic prostate cancer show evidence of ongoing
      activation of platelets, coagulation, and fibrinolysis. In a few individual
      patients, androgen stimulation of this hormonally dependent tumor may cause
      further activation of platelets, coagulation, and fibrinolysis.

PMID- 3407636
TI  - Copper deficiency and sideroblastic anemia associated with zinc ingestion.
AB  - Anemia and neutropenia developed in a man who took pharmacologic doses of
      supplemental zinc. Laboratory investigation showed high zinc level, hypocupremia,
      low ceruloplasmin level, and ringed sideroblasts. All resolved after withdrawal
      of zinc. Self-administered zinc appears to have caused severe copper deficiency,
      with secondary anemia and neutropenia. Physicians should be aware of this
      deleterious and completely reversible effect of megadose mineral therapy. Zinc
      ingestion or exposure should be considered in the differential diagnosis of
      unexplained anemia, leukopenia, or sideroblastic anemia.

PMID- 3407637
TI  - Intrasplenic lymphoma resembling multiple hematomas in a hemophiliac.
AB  - A 42-year-old patient with hemophilia A developed acute left hypochondrial pain 8
      days postnephrolithotomy. A colloidal scan indicated multiple hematomas, and
      conservative management was given. Postoperatively, recurrent discomfort
      necessitated splenectomy. Multiple space-occupying lesions were found, and the
      histology was that of a large, noncleaved lymphoma. Contiguous spread outside of
      the capsule was evident, but abdominal nodes and liver appeared normal.
      Chemotherapy was administered, with evidence of tumor response, but
      refractoriness supervened, and the patient died 4 months after the diagnosis.
      Space-occupying lesions in a hemophiliac are generally ascribed to hematomas. The
      exposure of this population to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) should
      raise the consideration of a non-Hodgkin lymphoma in any situation where rapid
      clinical resolution of a hematoma is not occurring.

PMID- 3407638
TI  - Two homozygous cases of erythrocyte pyruvate kinase (PK) deficiency in Japan: PK
      Sendai and PK Shinshu.
AB  - Two new erythrocyte pyruvate kinase (PK) variants with severe nonspherocytic
      hemolytic anemia are presented. These cases are both considered to be homozygous
      because of the consanguineous marriages in their parents. Their erythrocyte PK's
      were characterized by the recommended methods of the International Committee for
      Standardization in Haematology (ICSH). These two variants have been named PK
      Sendai and PK Shinshu. PK Sendai showed a high K0.5S (phosphoenolpyruvate), was
      remarkably inhibited by ATP, and was thermolabile, while PK Shinshu demonstrated
      remarkably low enzyme activity and required a high level of fructose 1,6
      diphosphate for activation.

PMID- 3407639
TI  - Thymoma and pancytopenia.
AB  - A case of thymoma associated with aplastic anemia is presented. Various
      therapeutic modalities have been tried and a complete remission finally obtained
      by antithymocyte globulin.

PMID- 3407640
TI  - Fetal lamb coagulation system during birth asphyxia.
AB  - Levels of many coagulation factors are low in the healthy infant and even lower
      in the asphyxiated premature infant. We investigated whether a brief exposure to
      asphyxia at the time of birth causes the activation and consumption of
      coagulation factors. Following delivery by caesarean section, premature lambs
      were asphyxiated by occluding the endotracheal tube for 10 min and then
      resuscitated. Blood was obtained prior to and following birth for measurement of
      blood gases and the coagulation system. Birth asphyxia in the premature lamb
      resulted in thrombin generation and rapid consumption of specific coagulation
      factors.

PMID- 3407641
TI  - AIDS and porphyria cutanea tarda.

PMID- 3407642
TI  - Porphyria cutanea tarda and hematological diseases.

PMID- 3407643
TI  - Cyclosporine A in the treatment of aplastic anemia.

PMID- 3407644
TI  - Cardiovascular malformations and organic solvent exposure during pregnancy in
      Finland.
AB  - In order to investigate the possible association between cardiovascular
      malformations and maternal exposure to organic solvents during the first
      trimester of pregnancy, 569 cases and 1,052 controls were retrospectively
      studied. The cases represented all infants with diagnosed cardiovascular
      malformations born in Finland in 1982-1984, and the controls were randomly
      selected from all normal births in the country during the same period. All
      mothers were interviewed approximately 3 months after delivery by a midwife using
      a structured questionnaire. Exposures to organic solvents at work during the
      first trimester of pregnancy were slightly more prevalent among the mothers of
      affected infants (10.4%) than among those of controls (7.8%). Logistic regression
      analysis of exposure to organic solvents showed an adjusted relative odds ratio
      of 1.3 (95% confidence interval, 0.8-2.2). In the analysis of ventricular septal
      defect, exposure to organic solvents showed an adjusted relative odds ratio of
      1.5 (95% confidence interval, 1.0-3.7).

PMID- 3407645
TI  - Is occupational medicine a specialty?

PMID- 3407646
TI  - Cancer mortality among northern Georgia carpet and textile workers.
AB  - Proportionate cancer mortality was analyzed among white male carpet and textile
      workers in five northwest Georgia counties for the years 1970-1984. Compared with
      other Georgians, carpet and textile workers had higher proportions of lymphocytic
      leukemia (proportionate cancer mortality ratio [PCMR] = 2.9; 95% CI = 1.4-5.4])
      and testicular cancer (PCMR = 3.2; 95% CI = 1.0-7.5). The excess mortality from
      lymphocytic leukemia was even higher when the analysis was limited to workers
      deemed most likely to work directly in production areas (PCMR = 4.2; 95% CI = 1.7
      8.7). Further studies are needed to determine if the observed excesses are the
      result of workplace exposures.

PMID- 3407647
TI  - Alveolar fiber load in asbestos workers and in subjects with no occupational
      asbestos exposure: an electron microscopy study.
AB  - The alveolar fiber load was evaluated by bronchoalveolar lavage and by scanning
      and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) in 50 subjects with or without
      occupational exposure to asbestos. The concentration of asbestos fibers in
      bronchoalveolar lavage was significantly higher in the groups of people currently
      and formerly occupationally exposed, compared to the concentration found in
      people only exposed environmentally, despite wide interindividual variation
      within the groups. Nonasbestos inorganic fibers were present in all groups, but
      the concentrations did not differ significantly. Both in people occupationally
      exposed and in those only environmentally exposed, the alveolar load consisted
      mainly of ultrashort and ultrathin fibers, which can be studied only with TEM. In
      fact, the percentage of fibers greater than 5 micron long was only around 15% in
      the occupationally exposed and was minimal in those only environmentally exposed.
      The geometric mean diameters of asbestos fibers retained in the alveoli ranged
      from 0.05 micron for chrysotile to 0.15 micron for amphiboles.

PMID- 3407648
TI  - Spontaneous abortion in women employed in plastics manufacture.
AB  - An analysis was made of 193 current and previous pregnancies of women employed at
      time of conception in the plastics industry, derived from a survey of work and
      pregnancy in 56,012 women in Montreal, 1982-84. The ratio of observed to expected
      spontaneous abortions, corrected by logistic regression for seven nonoccupational
      confounding variables, was elevated (1.27), but not significantly (90% confidence
      interval [CI] 0.91-1.72), in women engaged in process work. The ratio was
      significantly raised (1.58, 90% CI 1.02-2.35) in women whose work included the
      processing of polystyrene. Nonsignificant excesses in women working with
      polyolefine (1.30) and polyvinyl (1.39) were present only when exposure also
      included other types of plastic; no excess was observed in women whose work did
      not include polystyrene. The number of women (17) exposed to polyurethane was too
      small for any conclusion to be drawn about this group.

PMID- 3407649
TI  - Thyroid test abnormalities in traumatic brain injury: correlation with neurologic
      impairment and sympathetic nervous system activation.
AB  - Acute illness is well known to affect thyroid function, but there are few studies
      correlating the severity of the underlying medical problem with indexes of
      thyroid function and little is known about its cause. Traumatically brain-injured
      patients were selected because they were a relatively homogeneous, previously
      healthy group with a condition whose severity was readily quantifiable. In 66
      such patients, the relationships between changes in thyroid function tests
      (thyroxine, free thyroxine, triiodothyronine, reverse triiodothyronine, and
      thyrotropin levels), catecholamine and cortisol concentrations measured on
      admission and again four days after the accident, and neurologic function
      assessed by the Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) were studied. Triiodothyronine and
      thyroxine levels fell significantly within 24 hours of injury. Four days after
      the accident, patients with the greatest neurologic dysfunction had the lowest
      triiodothyronine and thyroxine levels; significant correlations were present
      between the Day 4 GCS and concomitant thyroxine (r = 0.47, p less than 0.0001),
      free thyroxine (r = 0.32, p less than 0.02), and triiodothyronine (r = 0.50, p
      less than 0.0001) levels. Reverse triiodothyronine values remained unchanged
      throughout the study even in the most severely affected patients; the rise in
      thyrotropin levels was not significant (1.2 +/- 0.2 to 1.7 +/- 0.3 microU/ml, p =
      NS). Patients who died or remained vegetative had thyroxine and triiodothyronine
      levels 30 percent to 50 percent lower than those who had a good recovery (p less
      than 0.05). Highly significant correlations were present between Day 4 thyroxine
      and triiodothyronine levels and admission and Day 4 norepinephrine and
      epinephrine concentrations. There was no association between admission or
      concomitant cortisol levels and thyroid function on Day 4; treatment with high
      dose dexamethasone did not influence these indexes. Thus, patients with traumatic
      brain injury exhibit a gradient of thyroid dysfunction that occurs promptly, is
      dependent upon the degree of neurologic impairment, and reflects ultimate
      outcome. The significant association with catecholamine levels suggests a role
      for sympathetic nervous system activation in its causation, independent of a
      generalized stress response, since there is no correlation of thyroid test
      abnormality with the degree of adrenocortical secretion.

PMID- 3407650
TI  - Prevalence and clinical implications of hypocalcemia in acutely ill patients in a
      medical intensive care setting.
AB  - The incidence and the clinical implications of hypocalcemia were evaluated in
      acutely ill patients admitted to the Medical Intensive Care Unit of the Detroit
      Receiving Hospital. Total and ionized calcium levels were prospectively evaluated
      upon admission for all patients over a three-month interval. A high proportion of
      patients (62 of 88, 70 percent) were found to have decreased levels of both total
      and ionized calcium. Known causes of hypocalcemia could be identified in only 28
      patients (45 percent). These included hypomagnesemia (17, 28 percent), renal
      insufficiency (five, 8 percent), alkalosis (four, 6 percent), and acute
      pancreatitis (two, 3 percent). In the remaining 34 patients (55 percent), no
      readily identifiable cause could be found. These 34 patients had a lower mean
      albumin level than did the 23 normocalcemic patients (p less than 0.01), but
      there were no differences in age, pH, serum creatinine, magnesium, or phosphate
      between the two groups. Serum albumin correlated directly with ionized calcium
      levels (n = 82, r = 0.33, p less than 0.01), as well as with total calcium levels
      (n = 76, r = 0.70, p less than 0.01). There was a strong association between
      sepsis and hypocalcemia. Patients who survived the hospitalization had higher
      mean ionized calcium, total calcium, and albumin values than did nonsurvivors,
      but there were no differences in age, serum creatinine, magnesium, and phosphate
      between the two groups. The mortality of the hypocalcemic patients (44 percent)
      was significantly greater (p less than 0.05) than the mortality of the
      normocalcemic patients (17 percent). These findings suggest that hypocalcemia is
      a very common abnormality in acutely ill patients and is associated with a poor
      prognosis.

PMID- 3407651
TI  - Central nervous system histoplasmosis. An unappreciated complication of the
      acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
AB  - Involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) by Histoplasma capsulatum is a
      rare event. It is usually not included in the differential diagnosis of CNS
      lesions in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Herein are
      described four patients with AIDS and progressive disseminated histoplasmosis who
      had CNS involvement. Histoplasmosis in the CNS may produce meningitis, single or
      multiple brain abscesses, and may present with either a clinical picture of
      obtundation or a deteriorating space-occupying CNS lesion. Three of the four
      patients were treated with amphotericin B and had initial clinical response, but
      ultimately, all experienced a relapse and died from their infection.

PMID- 3407652
TI  - Recurrent fungal pneumonias in patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia
      undergoing multiple courses of intensive chemotherapy.
AB  - The records of 40 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed acute nonlymphocytic
      leukemia (ANLL) were reviewed to determine the risk of recurrent fungal pneumonia
      during multiple episodes of chemotherapy-induced granulocytopenia. Fungal
      pneumonias were diagnosed as proven or probable using defined pathologic,
      microbiologic, radiologic, and clinical criteria. Sixteen patients died without a
      complete remission; of these, all 11 who underwent autopsy were found to have
      invasive fungal pneumonia. The 24 patients who achieved a complete remission
      received one to nine (median, four) additional courses of intensive chemotherapy
      for remission consolidation and/or relapse, and experienced 132 episodes of
      severe granulocytopenia. Seven patients never had a pulmonary infection despite
      34 granulocytopenic episodes. However, fungal pneumonia complicated 32 (33
      percent) of 98 granulocytopenic episodes in the other 17 patients. Fifteen of the
      patients who achieved a complete remission had at least one episode of fungal
      pneumonia; 12 received further chemotherapy, and nine (75 percent) of these had a
      subsequent fungal pneumonia. In all, 17 (52 percent) of 33 subsequent
      granulocytopenic episodes experienced by patients with a prior fungal pneumonia
      were complicated by another fungal pneumonia. All four patients with a probable
      fungal pneumonia diagnosed antemortem who subsequently underwent autopsy were
      found to have invasive fungal disease. It would appear that patients with ANLL
      who have had one episode of fungal pneumonia are at high risk for recurrence
      during subsequent episodes of granulocytopenia. Empiric or even prophylactic
      amphotericin B therapy may be warranted for such patients.

PMID- 3407653
TI  - Occult carbon monoxide poisoning: validation of a prediction model.
AB  - Headache and dizziness are early symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning, occurring
      at carboxyhemoglobin levels of greater than 10 percent. Previously, it was shown
      that among patients presenting to an emergency department during the winter with
      headache or dizziness, an algorithm for obtaining carboxyhemoglobin levels on
      patients who used gas stoves for heating purposes or who had similarly affected
      cohabitants correctly identified all patients with carboxyhemoglobin levels
      greater than 10 percent. To test the validity of this retrospectively derived
      rule, 65 patients were studied who were unaware of any carbon monoxide exposure
      and who presented during the winter of 1986-1987 with headache or dizziness. The
      algorithm correctly identified three of four patients with carboxyhemoglobin
      levels greater than 10 percent (sensitivity = 75 percent) and correctly excluded
      45 of 61 patients with lower levels (specificity = 74 percent). The presence of
      symptomatic cohabitants alone was an equally sensitive (75 percent) but more
      specific (90 percent) marker for elevated carboxyhemoglobin levels. When data
      from the two cohorts were combined, stepwise multiple regression identified
      number of cigarettes smoked daily (F = 8.66) and concurrently symptomatic
      cohabitants (F = 34.71) as significant predictors of the carboxyhemoglobin level.
      It is concluded that a retrospectively derived rule correctly identified most
      cases of occult carbon monoxide poisoning when applied prospectively, and that
      the presence of similarly affected cohabitants was the most reliable marker for a
      carbon monoxide-mediated illness.

PMID- 3407654
TI  - Sudden death in a 29-year-old woman.

PMID- 3407655
TI  - Research directions in osteoporosis.

PMID- 3407656
TI  - Rectal leishmaniasis in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
AB  - A severe rectal lesion due to Leishmania infection is described in an American
      born homosexual man with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The infection,
      which may have been venereally transmitted, responded to treatment with
      amphotericin B. There was no evidence of visceral leishmaniasis. The contribution
      of the patient's immunodeficiency to the development of the atypical cutaneous
      leishmanial lesion is unclear. The case may foretell increasing problems with
      protozoan infections in AIDS as the epidemic spreads to areas with endemic
      protozoan diseases.

PMID- 3407657
TI  - Dysgonic fermenter 3-associated gastrointestinal disease in a patient with common
      variable hypogammaglobulinemia.
AB  - A gram-negative bacteria designated DF-3 was cultured on multiple occasions from
      stool samples of a patient with common variable hypogammaglobulinemia and chronic
      diarrhea. Antibiotic therapy resulted in elimination of the organism and
      resolution of the patient's symptoms. DF-3 has not been linked previously to
      human disease; because of its fastidious growth characteristics and unique
      isolation requirements, it may be a rarely identified cause of diarrhea and other
      gastrointestinal symptoms in immunocompromised patients.

PMID- 3407658
TI  - Periosteal new bone formation and disseminated granulomatosis in a patient with
      Crohn's disease.
AB  - In a 20-year-old man, a proliferative periosteal new bone growth developed over
      the left forearm. Crohn's disease had been diagnosed the year before. Bone biopsy
      demonstrated granuloma formation. Biopsy specimens of skin lesions demonstrated
      granulomas as well. Bowel studies indicated active small intestinal inflammation
      with fistula formation. Despite the superficial resemblance to hypertrophic
      osteoarthropathy, it is believed that this case represents Crohn's disease with
      disseminated granulomatosis involving skin and periosteum.

PMID- 3407659
TI  - Coexistence of familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia with familial
      hypercholesterolemia and multiple lipoprotein type hyperlipidemia.
AB  - Familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia (FDH), an autosomal disorder
      characterized by an increase in serum albumin binding of thyroxine, has been
      encountered in a family who was also found to have both familial
      hypercholesterolemia (FHC) and multiple lipoprotein type hyperlipidemia (MLH).
      One subject with FHC and two subjects with MLH had FDH. Although some of the
      laboratory parameters in hyperlipidemic patients with FDH were suggestive of
      hyperthyroidism, the dialyzable free thyroxine concentrations were in the normal
      range and the patients were clinically euthyroid. The significance of the
      occurrence of FDH in hyperlipidemic subjects with hypothyroidism has been
      discussed, especially in regard to the longer time interval that may be needed to
      achieve an amelioration of the hypothyroid state during treatment with a normal
      maintenance dose of thyroxine. Treatment of FDH patients with other drugs may
      require an altered dosage if the drug binds to the atypical albumin fragments
      characterizing this disorder.

PMID- 3407660
TI  - Rothia dentocariosa endocarditis complicated by brain abscess.
AB  - A 27-year-old woman is described with Rothia dentocariosa endocarditis, the
      fourth such case described in the literature. Her course was complicated by brain
      abscess, which was treated successfully with antibiotics. It is believed this
      represents the first case of R. dentocariosa with central nervous system
      involvement.

PMID- 3407661
TI  - Prosthetic valve endocarditis caused by Trichosporon beigelii.
AB  - A case of Trichosporon beigelii prosthetic valve endocarditis is described.
      Prosthetic valve endocarditis developed in the patient, a 58-year-old woman with
      a history of rheumatic heart disease, 10 months after mitral valve surgery. A
      large left atrial fungus ball was present. Cultures of blood and valvular tissue
      were positive for T. beigelii. The organism was sensitive to amphotericin B, 5
      fluorocytosine, ketoconazole, and miconazole.

PMID- 3407662
TI  - Pseudallescheria boydii brain abscess. Complication of an intravenous catheter.
AB  - An adult patient survived a brain abscess with Pseudallescheria boydii. She
      received intraventricular miconazole, 20 mg every 72 hours (minimal inhibitory
      concentration = 0.4 microgram/ml), and surgery. The abscess resulted from an
      infected central venous catheter (Port-A-Cath) and steroid therapy. Miconazole
      caused a ventriculitis. There are 12 reported cases of P. boydii brain abscesses
      from 1965 to 1985 with only two survivors.

PMID- 3407663
TI  - Pyogenic cervical osteomyelitis presenting as a massive prevertebral abscess in a
      patient with rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Pre-existing rheumatoid arthritis appeared to have masked the diagnosis and
      contributed to a succession of hazardous events in a 58-year-old man with
      pyogenic cervical osteomyelitis. A massive prevertebral abscess and near
      asphyxiation finally led to the diagnosis of an indolent Staphylococcus aureus
      infection in a course marked by antecedent staphylococcal sepsis, a series of
      dangerous cervical spine chiropractic manipulations in the presence of advanced
      bony destruction, and, ultimately, cervical spine bony collapse and gibbus
      formation. The absence of myelopathy despite long-standing progressive advanced
      destruction is noteworthy. The roentgenologic documentation of this progression
      was unique. This appears to be the first fully documented case of cervical spine
      osteomyelitis presenting as a prevertebral abscess in a patient with rheumatoid
      arthritis.

PMID- 3407664
TI  - Mediastinal liposarcoma in a patient infected with the human immunodeficiency
      virus.

PMID- 3407665
TI  - Lymphoma presenting as acute renal failure.

PMID- 3407666
TI  - Morphine-induced pulmonary edema.

PMID- 3407667
TI  - High-grade lymphomas complicating HIV infection in intravenous drug users.

PMID- 3407668
TI  - Statistical whiggery.

PMID- 3407669
TI  - Vitamin A abuse in cancer prophylaxis.

PMID- 3407670
TI  - Skin involvement in non-secretory myeloma.

PMID- 3407671
TI  - Is blood lactate determination really reliable and useful in critically ill
      patients with liver disease?

PMID- 3407672
TI  - The Wellcome International Antiviral Symposium. December 2 to 4, 1987, Monte
      Carlo, Monaco. Proceedings.

PMID- 3407673
TI  - Monitoring the safety of antivirals. The example of the acyclovir experience.
AB  - The obligation to monitor the safety of newly introduced medicines is as old as
      the medical epidemiologic obligations of medicine itself. But society's
      expectations, the resources and methodologies for such monitoring, and the
      practices of the pharmacologic community have all evolved rapidly over the past
      decade. This report describes an extensive program of scientific epidemiologic
      monitoring of the safety of acyclovir during the first five years following
      approval. The presentation highlights the emerging field of pharmacoepidemiology,
      describes new and important resources and approaches for investigators concerned
      about drug safety monitoring, and presents safety data from the first five years
      of monitoring. The data thus far provide no reason for new safety concerns
      regarding this important antiviral; however, it is cautioned that, as in all such
      areas of public health protection, continued vigilance is needed.

PMID- 3407674
TI  - Acyclovir in Pregnancy Registry. An observational epidemiologic approach.
AB  - Observational epidemiologic methods are being used to evaluate the safety of
      acyclovir in pregnancy. An essential component of this research is the
      establishment of a baseline expectation of pregnancy outcomes among women with
      herpes not receiving acyclovir. Continuing studies will be described in this
      report. To supplement these structured studies, an international case
      registration study was established. Through the Acyclovir in Pregnancy Registry,
      all cases of reported prenatal exposures to acyclovir are tracked to ascertain
      maternal exposure, risk factor, and pregnancy outcome information. The reports
      originate in all countries where oral acyclovir is marketed; data consolidation
      and analysis are coordinated at Burroughs Wellcome Co. with the assistance of a
      government/industry advisory panel. This presentation summarizes provisional data
      from the prospective reports, including trimester of exposure and reported
      outcomes of pregnancy. The total number of monitored pregnancies remains too
      small to support conclusions about the safety of acyclovir during pregnancy at
      this point. The potential for the registry and other epidemiologic studies to
      address the safety-in-pregnancy question will be discussed.

PMID- 3407675
TI  - Management of genital herpes simplex infections.
AB  - Genital herpes simplex infection is a common and troublesome condition that is
      more often due to herpes simplex type II virus than to type I virus. The first
      step in management is accurate diagnosis by virus culture or antigen recognition.
      General management involves explaining the natural history to the patient, giving
      advice on sexual behavior, contact tracing, and hygiene. Oral or intravenous
      acyclovir provides the most useful therapy for first attacks. Acyclovir cream has
      a similar effect with external lesions in mild attacks. A course of acyclovir,
      however, has no effect on subsequent recurrence. Recurrent attacks, being brief
      compared with first attacks, are less influenced by acyclovir therapy, which
      should be given early for maximal effect. Oral and intravenous therapy are
      effective in the treatment of genital and anal herpes simplex infection in
      patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. When oral therapy is used,
      doses may need to be increased. Acyclovir therapy is a valuable development
      compared with previously available antivirals for genital herpes simplex
      infection.

PMID- 3407676
TI  - Herpes simplex virus infection of the hand. Clinical features and management.
AB  - Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection of the hand occurs predominantly in three
      different population groups. Young adults with a recurrent HSV II infection of
      the hand account for the majority of cases. A prodromal phase of up to 72 hours
      and a recurrence of seven to 10 days' duration occasionally associated with
      lymphangitis, lymphadenopathy, and lymphedema are characteristic. HSV I infection
      of the hand classically occurs in children with herpetic stomatitis and in health
      care workers infected during patient care delivery. In health care workers, the
      infection may last 21 to 28 days and be associated with severe pain and
      lymphangitis. Recurrences appear uncommon in HSV I infections. Primary infection
      is usually managed conservatively. Vesicle drainage for pain relief and antiviral
      therapy with acyclovir may be of value. For recurrent infections, acyclovir, 800
      mg orally, twice daily, initiated during the prodrome in an open study of eight
      patients appeared effective in aborting the attack. Evaluation of long-term
      suppression in recurrent HSV infection of the hand is in progress.

PMID- 3407677
TI  - Neuropeptide Y is a vasoconstrictor of human coronary arteries.
AB  - Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a 36-amino-acid polypeptide which coexists with
      catecholamines in many adrenergic and noradrenergic neurons. It has been
      demonstrated to exert pressor effects in the perfused guinea pig heart and to
      constrict large cerebral and coronary blood vessels in animal studies. To
      determine if NPY might be a human coronary vasoconstrictor, the authors studied
      its effect on postmortem human coronary arteries. Proximal epicardial coronary
      rings were studied in a superfusion apparatus in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer
      (37 degrees C, pH 7.4) presaturated with 95% O2-5% CO2. Concentration-response
      curves were obtained using NPY in 0.1% bovine serum albumin in buffer and the
      responses were compared to those obtained in the presence of alpha 1, beta, and
      cyclooxygenase antagonists. A dose-related constrictor effect was obtained with
      NPY, which was significantly more potent than noradrenaline, constriction often
      being seen at 10(-12) M concentration. A vasorelaxant effect was seen in
      nonatherosclerotic vessels at higher concentrations. The vasoconstriction
      produced by noradrenaline was potentiated by subthreshold concentrations of NPY.
      The vasoconstrictor effect of NPY was not inhibited by prazosin (10(-6) M), and
      the vasodilatory effect was not inhibited by propranolol (10(-5) M). Indomethacin
      (3 X 10(-6) M) did not alter either vasoconstriction or vasorelaxation. The
      authors conclude that NPY is a potent constrictor of the human coronary artery at
      concentrations that may be achievable in vivo; it may thus be a contributor to
      sympathetic enhancement of coronary artery tone.

PMID- 3407678
TI  - Waterborne typhoid fever in Haifa, Israel: clinical, microbiologic, and
      therapeutic aspects of a major outbreak.
AB  - A major outbreak of waterborne typhoid fever involving 77 verified cases occurred
      in 1985 in a large suburban area of Haifa, Israel. The authors summarize the
      clinical, microbiologic, and therapeutic aspects of these patients. Fever,
      usually higher than 39 degrees C, was the hallmark of the disease. Other
      manifestations of typhoid, although relatively frequent, are presented as part of
      a mild nonspecific symptom complex, often found only in the prodromal period. An
      elevated level of serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (mean, 81 IU/ml) was
      the most characteristic laboratory abnormality, occurring in 94% of the patients.
      Blood cultures were positive in 46 of the 50 patients (92%), and were not
      affected by prior outpatient antibiotic therapy. The first blood culture was
      diagnostic in 93% of the cases. Although fever tended to disappear more rapidly
      among patients receiving ampicillin than among those treated with
      chloramphenicol, results of therapy were similar in both groups. Nevertheless,
      the relapse rate of 36% among 25 chloramphenicol-treated patients was
      significantly higher than the 9% noted among 22 patients treated with ampicillin.
      Except for one case of hemolytic anemia, serious complications were conspicuously
      absent, and outcomes were uniformly favorable.

PMID- 3407679
TI  - Corynebacterium aquaticum infection in a patient with chronic granulomatous
      disease.
AB  - Patients with chronic granulomatous disease are uniquely susceptible to infection
      with catalase-producing bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella, Escherichia
      coli and Serratia marcescans are common infecting organisms. A 17-month-old boy
      with Corynebacterium aquaticum bacteremia is reported. This is only the third
      documented infection with this non-JK diphtheroid and the first case infection in
      a patient with chronic granulomatous disease. It is likely that our patient's
      underlying immune defect predisposed him to infection with this unusual, catalase
      producing organism. Although these bacteria are common contaminants and rarely
      infecting agents, true infection should be considered in patients with chronic
      granulomatous disease from whom a diphtheroid is isolated.

PMID- 3407680
TI  - Densely calcified adrenals with preserved cortical function.
AB  - A patient with preserved adrenocortical function despite densely calcified
      adrenals is described. Similar cases have demonstrated a discrepancy between the
      apparent destruction of the glands, as judged by the extent of calcification
      radiographically, and their functional integrity. This case provided a unique
      opportunity to compare the results of adrenal function testing, adrenal
      appearance by computed tomograms, and adrenal histology with an actual clinical
      response to a variety of stresses capable of precipitating acute adrenal
      insufficiency.

PMID- 3407681
TI  - Native valve endocarditis caused by dysgonic fermenter type 2 bacilli.
AB  - A chronic alcoholic who had casual contact with dogs developed subacute tricuspid
      endocarditis caused by the unusual gram-negative bacillus dysgonic fermenter type
      2 (DF-2). Despite recurrent pulmonary emboli, the patient had an apparent
      successful response to 6 weeks of penicillin therapy. Two weeks after discharge,
      he experienced congestive heart failure necessitating tricuspid valvulectomy. No
      evidence of active infection was found in tissue removed at surgery. Despite the
      achievement of a bacteriologic cure, surgery for residual valve damage is not
      uncommon in endocarditis, regardless of the microbial etiology. In this case,
      alcoholism was the only risk factor predisposing to infection presumably
      contracted from exposure to dogs.

PMID- 3407682
TI  - The heparin flush syndrome: a cause of iatrogenic hemorrhage.
AB  - The anticoagulant drug heparin is used extensively in modern hospital practice.
      The major therapeutic use of this drug remains treatment and prevention of
      systemic thrombosis. However, an increasing amount of heparin is being used in
      nontherapeutic protocols to implement newer, more invasive technology when the
      body's protective clotting mechanism would otherwise interfere. Buried in
      protocols, heparin has become ubiquitous in standard hospital practice. One such
      protocol is the use of heparinized solutions to "flush" arterial and venous
      catheters in order to maintain patency and thus, vascular access. Often these
      flush solutions are considered to be as innocuous as "simple saline." We report a
      patient who experienced post-operative bleeding resulting from overuse of
      "heparin flushes," and necessitating a second surgery. The excessive hemorrhage
      following this inadvertent anticoagulation has been named the "heparin flush
      syndrome," to call attention to the serious and sometimes fatal side-effects of
      heparinized solutions.

PMID- 3407683
TI  - Preoperative diagnosis of Mirizzi syndrome.
AB  - Mirizzi syndrome is defined as an obstruction of the common hepatic duct by a
      stone present in the cystic duct or neck of the gallbladder. This entity rarely
      has been reported, and in only a few cases was the diagnosis made preoperatively.
      The preoperative diagnosis is of great importance since intraoperative findings
      may be similar to carcinoma of the extrahepatic biliary system, which requires a
      different technical approach. Furthermore, unrecognized cholecystobiliary or
      cholecystoenteric fistula resulting from stone penetration lead to serious
      postoperative complications, which can be avoided if the condition is properly
      recognized.

PMID- 3407684
TI  - Magnesium plus nifedipine: potentiation of hypotensive effect in preeclampsia?
AB  - Two women with preeclampsia treated unsuccessfully with alpha-methyldopa and
      magnesium sulfate became profoundly hypotensive when oral nifedipine was added.
      Blood pressure returned to previous levels without changes in fetal vitality.
      Awareness of this potentiation is important because nifedipine is being used
      increasingly in the treatment of pregnancy-related hypertension.

PMID- 3407685
TI  - Effect of magnesium on plasma cholinesterase activity.
AB  - Plasma cholinesterase activity levels were studied in 15 pregnant patients with
      preeclampsia before and after the administration of therapeutic doses of
      magnesium sulfate. Plasma cholinesterase activity was also studied in 15 healthy
      nonpregnant and 15 healthy pregnant women. The mean plasma cholinesterase
      activity level in pregnant patients with preeclampsia before and after the
      administration of magnesium sulfate was 179 +/- 26 and 176 +/- 39 units/ml,
      respectively. The healthy nonpregnant patients and healthy pregnant patients had
      a plasma cholinesterase activity level of 426 +/- 85 and 264 +/- 24 units/ml,
      respectively. Our data demonstrated that magnesium has no significant effect on
      plasma cholinesterase activity. Our data also confirm that there is a significant
      reduction in plasma cholinesterase activity in pregnant patients with
      preeclampsia compared with either healthy nonpregnant or healthy pregnant
      patients. We conclude that the low level of plasma cholinesterase activity is
      probably responsible for the prolonged action of succinylcholine in pregnant
      patients with preeclampsia receiving magnesium sulfate.

PMID- 3407686
TI  - Associations of parity, breast-feeding, and birth control pills with lumbar spine
      and femoral neck bone densities.
AB  - The relationships between parity, breast-feeding, and the use of birth control
      pills and the bone densities of the lumbar spine and the femoral neck, measured
      by dual-photon densitometry, were studied in normal women. Femoral neck density
      was found to decrease by 1.1% per live-birth, whereas lumbar spine density showed
      no significant association with parity. Breast-feeding was found to increase
      lumbar spine density by 1.5% per breast-fed child, whereas femoral neck density
      was not significantly correlated. No significant relationships between the use of
      birth control pills and the bone densities were found.

PMID- 3407687
TI  - Effect of pregnancy on ritodrine pharmacokinetics.
AB  - Dosing regimens for ritodrine are based in large part on pharmacokinetic studies
      performed with nonpregnant subjects. Pregnancy is characterized by changes in
      renal blood flow, plasma volume, protein concentration, and hepatic function.
      These physiologic changes frequently alter drug pharmacokinetics. To define the
      effect of pregnancy on ritodrine kinetics, we compared ritodrine pharmacokinetics
      in four pregnant and four nonpregnant rhesus monkeys. Significant differences
      were demonstrated in the distribution phase half-life (0.40 +/- 0.08 hours in the
      pregnant monkeys and 0.21 +/- 0.03 hours in the nonpregnant animals), volume of
      distribution (1.99 +/- 0.94 L/kg in the pregnant monkeys and 4.75 +/- 0.90 L/kg
      in the nonpregnant animals), plasma clearance (18.8 +/- 7.1 ml/min/kg in the
      pregnant monkeys and 27.2 +/- 5.0 ml/min/kg in the nonpregnant animals), and
      disposition half-life (1.8 +/- 0.4 hours in the pregnant monkeys and 3.3 +/- 0.4
      hours in the nonpregnant animals). Pregnant animals receiving ritodrine had
      higher steady-state plasma concentrations than nonpregnant animals (104 versus 53
      ng/ml at an infusion rate of 2 micrograms/kg/min). These data indicate that
      dosing regimens for ritodrine based on studies of nonpregnant subjects may be
      subject to considerable error.

PMID- 3407688
TI  - Ritodrine-induced pulmonary edema unmasking underlying peripartum cardiomyopathy.
AB  - Pulmonary edema was induced by an increase in the dose of ritodrine in a patient
      receiving the drug for 28 days because of preterm contractions. After initial
      therapy, the cardiologic evaluation revealed peripartum cardiomyopathy. This is
      the first report of ritodrine causing pulmonary edema by unmasking underlying
      asymptomatic cardiomyopathy. This may have been the cause of some of the
      previously reported cases of ritodrine-induced heart failure.

PMID- 3407689
TI  - Severe fetal bradycardia caused by external vibratory acoustic stimulation.
AB  - A case is presented in which external vibratory acoustic stimulation performed on
      a term fetus produced severe prolonged bradycardia, necessitating emergency
      cesarean section delivery. The possible pathogenesis is discussed.

PMID- 3407690
TI  - Clinical effectiveness of a new cervical indwelling catheter in the management of
      premature rupture of the membranes: a Japanese collaborative study.
AB  - The aim of this multiinstitutional study was to evaluate a new cervical
      indwelling catheter in 84 patients with premature rupture of the membranes at
      less than 33 weeks' gestation. The average time of insertion of the catheter was
      29.1 weeks' gestation, at an average of 2.0 days after rupture, and was left in
      place for an average of 6.5 days. The mean birth weight was 1417 gm. The
      mortality rate and the incidence of respiratory distress syndrome were 5.7% and
      11.9%, respectively. Amniotic fluid culture was positive in 39.1% of patients
      before catheter insertion and only 4.3% at the time of delivery. Infection was
      noted in only four of 84 infants. The incidence of infection was very low in
      those treated for 3 days or more after catheter insertion.

PMID- 3407691
TI  - Pelvic organ venous communications. Anatomy and role in urogenital diseases; a
      new technique of cystovaginohysterography.
AB  - A study of the communicating veins between the venous plexuses of the pelvic
      organs was performed on 21 female cadavers. Thirteen cadavers were studied
      radiologically after being injected with barium sulfate and 8 were examined after
      injection of a plastic material. Two groups of communicating veins could be
      recognized: rectovaginal and vaginovesical; their anatomic features are
      described. The communicating veins were unidirectional; they transmitted the dye
      from the rectal to the vaginovesical plexuses, but not in the reverse direction.
      A new concept was proposed to explain the high Escherichia coli incidence in
      genitourinary infections. It explains also the cause of some of the idiopathic
      genitourinary lesions such as recurrent cervicitis and recurrent bacteriuria. A
      "cystovaginohysterography" could be obtained by injecting the inferior mesenteric
      vein with barium sulfate. The rectogenital communicating veins have been used in
      both the diagnosis and the treatment of lesions in pelvic organs.

PMID- 3407692
TI  - Prenatal detection of congenital heart disease: factors affecting obstetric
      management and survival.
AB  - Our recent experience in the diagnosis and management of fetal congenital heart
      disease is presented. During an 18-month period from January 1985 to June 1986,
      1757 fetal echocardiograms were performed on a total of 989 antenatal patients.
      Cardiac anomalies were accurately predicted in 74 cases, 34 of which were
      associated with extracardiac or chromosomal anomalies. Twenty-three pregnancies
      were electively terminated. Currently the survival rate for ongoing pregnancies
      is 17%. A false negative diagnosis was made in 16 cases, the majority involving
      minor anomalies with a good prognosis and a survival rate of 81%. Prenatal
      detection of congenital heart disease places the fetus at high risk for
      chromosomal and extracardiac anomalies. Congenital heart disease detectable
      during pregnancy is usually severe and associated with a poor long-term
      prognosis. Termination of the pregnancy may be a reasonable option if a severe
      anomaly is detected early in pregnancy.

PMID- 3407693
TI  - Antenatal origin of neurologic damage in newborn infants. I. Preterm infants.
AB  - Currently, the diagnosis of white matter necrosis may be performed with
      echoencephalography when cysts are observed in the white matter adjacent to the
      lateral ventricles. One hundred twenty-seven infants with a gestational age less
      than 36 weeks (mean [+/- SE] gestational age = 31 +/- 3.2 weeks) were studied in
      the neonatal period with echoencephalography to determine the incidence of white
      matter necrosis and the perinatal variables associated with this complication.
      Twenty-three infants (18.3%) had white matter necrosis. Thirteen (10.3%) had
      cysts by day 3 (11 on day 1), indicating that the onset of white matter necrosis
      occurred antenatally. The incidence of antenatal white matter necrosis was
      inversely related to birth weight and was more frequent in infants weighing less
      than 1000 gm (19%). Stepwise logistic regression analysis of 31 antenatal
      variables showed that placental vascular anastomoses in multiple pregnancies,
      funisitis, and purulent amniotic fluid were the only complications associated
      with antenatal white matter necrosis. Follow-up neurologic evaluations were
      abnormal in four of six patients with antenatal white matter necrosis. The
      findings in this study focus attention on prenatal, rather than intrapartum and
      postnatal, factors as causative agents of neurologic morbidity and emphasize the
      importance of early and sequential evaluation of neonatal brain structures.

PMID- 3407694
TI  - Fetal body and breathing movements as predictors of intraamniotic infection in
      preterm premature rupture of membranes.
AB  - A prospective study of fetal behavior in cases complicated with preterm premature
      rupture of membranes was conducted in 41 patients. The length of time and the
      number of fetal breathing and gross body movements were correlated with the
      amniotic fluid culture results. An episode of fetal activity (body movements and
      breathing movements) of greater than or equal to 30 seconds during 30 minutes of
      observation was associated with the absence of intraamniotic infection in 100% of
      the cases. On the other hand, the absence of fetal breathing movements and gross
      body movements of less than a 50 second duration during 30 minutes of observation
      was associated with positive amniotic fluid cultures in all cases. If an episode
      of fetal breathing movements was present but lasted less than 30 seconds and/or
      the total time of gross body movements was greater than 50 seconds, 64% of
      patients had an intraamniotic infection.

PMID- 3407695
TI  - Preliminary experience with transcervical balloon tuboplasty.
AB  - We developed a new technique, transcervical balloon tuboplasty, an adaptation of
      established balloon angioplasty techniques that facilitates recanalization of
      proximally occluded oviducts. Sixteen patients with obstruction of the proximal
      portion of one or two fallopian tubes (based on at least two hysterosalpingograms
      and one laparoscopic examination) were selected for the procedure. Four patients
      (25%) were found to have patent oviducts on intraoperative third tubal patency
      evaluation and were therefore excluded from study. Of the remaining 12 patients,
      tubal patency was achieved in at least one fallopian tube in 7 patients (58%), as
      demonstrated by hysterosalpingogram immediately after the transcervical balloon
      tuboplasty procedure. On follow-up 2 months to 1 year afterward, two pregnancies
      and one delivery occurred. We conclude that transcervical balloon tuboplasty
      appears to represent a useful and safe technique to achieve patency in selected
      cases of tubal interstitial obstruction. Reocclusion rates, long-term
      complication rates, and pregnancy rates after transcervical balloon tuboplasty
      remain to be established before the procedure should be considered a recommended
      alternative for either surgical tuboplasty or in vitro fertilization.

PMID- 3407696
TI  - Cesarean birth rate: small-geographic-area analysis.
AB  - Population-based analysis of cesarean section rates within 172 geographic areas
      in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts during fiscal year 1985 revealed a nearly
      normal distribution of observed-to-expected rates, implying that the forces that
      compel obstetricians to perform this surgical procedure are pervasive. However, a
      small number of areas were identified in which the number of procedures performed
      was significantly different from the state mean. During fiscal years 1982 to
      1985, certain geographic subgroups consistently demonstrated incidence rates
      significantly greater than the state mean. Although variation (either
      overutilization or underutilization) from the state rate is not synonymous with
      inappropriate care, those physicians within the identified geographic areas must
      take responsibility for ascertaining the explanation for the variance.

PMID- 3407697
TI  - Maternal and perinatal outcome of expectant management of premature rupture of
      membranes in the midtrimester.
AB  - The purpose of this clinical investigation was to determine the maternal and
      perinatal results of continuing pregnancy in 118 consecutive patients with
      premature rupture of the membranes at 16 to 26 weeks. The mean gestational age at
      diagnosis of premature rupture of the membranes was 23.1 +/- 2.7 weeks, with a
      median of 23.5. The interval from rupture to delivery ranged from 1 to 152 days,
      with a mean of 13. There was no correlation between gestational age at the time
      of rupture and the latency period. Thirty-five patients received tocolytic agents
      and 24 received steroids. Forty-eight percent were delivered within 3 days, 67%
      within 1 week, and 83% within 2 weeks. There was one maternal death from sepsis;
      46 (39%) had amnionitis, and 8 (6.8%) had abruptio placentae. The mean
      gestational age at the time of delivery was 24.7 +/- 3.6 weeks. The 118
      pregnancies resulted in 124 births. There were 17 stillbirths and 67 neonatal
      deaths, for a total perinatal mortality of 67.7%. In patients with premature
      rupture of the membranes at less than or equal to 23 weeks the perinatal survival
      rate was 13.3%, while it was 50% in patients with premature rupture of the
      membranes at 24 to 26 weeks (p less than 0.0001). Information was charted at 3 to
      36 months for 34 of 40 surviving infants. The intact survival rate in this group
      was 67%, and 33% had some form of developmental abnormality. Expectant management
      in such cases can be justified in only a limited number of patients (patients who
      understand and accept the risks and patients beyond 23 weeks of gestation).

PMID- 3407698
TI  - Short-course antibiotic therapy for the treatment of chorioamnionitis and
      postpartum endomyometritis.
AB  - The development of chorioamnionitis and endomyometritis has traditionally
      required treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy and extended
      hospitalization. In the past, once parenteral antibiotic therapy was instituted,
      it was continued for 5 to 7 days and until the patient remained afebrile for 48
      hours. To shorten the length of hospital stay, the length of parenteral
      antibiotic administration was reduced and an oral antibiotic was added, to
      complete a 7- to 10-day course of therapy. We evaluated the effectiveness of an
      even shorter course of parenteral antibiotics without the addition of oral
      antibiotics. Forty-two patients with chorioamnionitis and 64 with endomyometritis
      were enrolled in the study. Antibiotic therapy was continued until the patient's
      temperature was less than 99.5 degrees F for 12 to 24 hours. Of the 106 patients,
      only two were readmitted, both as a result of superficial wound separation. No
      patient had an infectious complication. A shorter course of parenteral
      antibiotics without the addition of an oral antibiotic gives results comparable
      to the standard extended treatment regimens, but is advantageous with respect to
      cost, patient compliance, and hospital stay.

PMID- 3407699
TI  - Septic shock during pregnancy.
AB  - A multiinstitutional review of 10 pregnancies complicated by septic shock was
      undertaken to identify the clinical characteristics and hemodynamic alterations
      associated with this condition. Prolonged rupture of membranes with the
      subsequent development of chorioamnionitis or postpartum endometritis were risk
      factors that commonly preceded the diagnosis of septic shock. The majority of
      septic shock cases occurred during the puerperium. There were two maternal deaths
      in this selected series. Associated complications included pulmonary edema, adult
      respiratory distress syndrome, disseminated intravascular coagulation, pulmonary
      emboli, and cardiac arrest. The primary hemodynamic derangements were reduced
      systemic vascular resistance with depressed myocardial function. The mean initial
      systemic vascular resistance index in eight surviving women was 885 +/- 253
      dyne.sec/cm5.m2. Despite an overall presenting cardiac index of 4.20 +/- 2.01
      L/min/m2, five patients (50%) had evidence of myocardial depression based on
      analysis of their left ventricular function curves. Mean arterial pressure,
      systemic vascular resistance, and left ventricular stroke work index all showed
      significant improvement after therapy. A hemodynamic algorithm based on volume
      therapy, inotropic agents, and peripheral vasoconstrictors is offered. This
      therapeutic approach is designed to optimize cardiac performance and maintenance
      of organ perfusion in the critically ill patient with septic hypotension during
      pregnancy.

PMID- 3407700
TI  - Nitroblue tetrazolium reduction by leukocytes in the cervix of pregnant women.
AB  - We examined nitroblue tetrazolium reduction activity in leukocytes from cervical
      mucus as well as peripheral blood from pregnant and nonpregnant women by
      histochemical methods. More than 90% of the cells examined were polymorphonuclear
      cells. Nitroblue tetrazolium reduction in polymorphonuclear cells from peripheral
      venous blood was significantly enhanced in pregnant women compared with that in
      nonpregnant women. However, there was no difference in activity between pregnancy
      periods. On the other hand, nitroblue tetrazolium reduction in cervical
      polymorphonuclear cells excluding women with cervicitis was also greater in
      pregnant women than in nonpregnant women. Moreover, activity in cervical
      polymorphonuclear cells gradually increased as pregnancy progressed. This
      enhanced activity in polymorphonuclear cells may be involved not only in the
      defense mechanism but also in cervical ripening in pregnancy.

PMID- 3407701
TI  - Maternal mortality in Italy, 1955 to 1984.
AB  - Between 1955 and 1984 Italian maternal mortality steadily declined by about 90%
      (from 133.3 per 100,000 live-births in 1955 to 11.4 in 1984). Maternal mortality
      rose with age and was about tenfold higher in the highest risk group (greater
      than or equal to 40 years old) compared with the lowest risk group (less than 20
      years old). Deaths in pregnancy with abortive outcomes represented about 8% to
      10% of maternal mortality as a whole; these percentages were constant throughout
      the calendar period considered. Geographically, there was no noticeable reduction
      in the northern/southern mortality ratio, which was constantly about 0.75.

PMID- 3407702
TI  - Recurrent condyloma acuminatum in women over age 40: association with
      immunosuppression and malignant disease.
AB  - Sixteen women aged greater than or equal to 40 years were studied within a total
      population of 77 women with recalcitrant condyloma acuminatum. Six of the 16
      women (38%) were found to have coincident malignant disease (p less than 0.001).
      Three of these had lymphoma (non-Hodgkin's), two had squamous cell cancer of the
      vulva or vagina, and one had breast carcinoma. Two of the three patients with
      lymphoma had recurrent genital condyloma diagnosed before the coexistent
      lymphoproliferative disorder was discovered. In all, 11 of 16 patients had
      dysplasia and neoplasia. Seven of the women had other medical conditions
      associated with immunosuppression. We conclude that the presence of recurrent
      condyloma acuminatum in women greater than or equal to 40 years of age should
      lead to examination for the presence of immunosuppression and its underlying
      cause. A high index of suspicion for concomitant genital squamous cell neoplasia
      and lymphoproliferative disorders should be realized. The factors relating age,
      recurrent condyloma, immunosuppression, and malignant disease are discussed.

PMID- 3407703
TI  - Human uterine luminal fluid volumes and prolactin levels in normal menstrual
      cycles.
AB  - Human uterine luminal fluid has not been well characterized. Prolactin is
      produced in vitro by decidualized human endometrium and is secreted in vivo into
      the uterine luminal fluid of cynomolgus monkeys. Uterine luminal fluid prolactin
      has not been demonstrated in vivo in human beings. To study cyclic uterine
      luminal fluid volumes and prolactin levels, uterine luminal fluid was aspirated 8
      to 13 times each during a single menstrual cycle in six ovulatory women. No
      anesthesia was used. Seventy of 75 (93%) attempts were successful; there were no
      complications. Serum estradiol, progesterone, luteinizing hormone, and prolactin
      levels were assayed every 1 to 3 days. Uterine luminal fluid volume and prolactin
      were normalized to the luteinizing hormone peak (day 0). Uterine luminal fluid
      volumes were relatively constant until the early luteal phase, when they then
      decreased. Uterine luminal fluid prolactin was detectable in all samples. Mean
      values were stable until day +3 or +4, after which they rose to a peak at day +9
      or +10. This study establishes that (1) frequent uterine luminal fluid sampling
      is possible; (2) uterine luminal fluid volume decreases in the luteal phase; (3)
      uterine luminal fluid prolactin is detectable in vivo in women and its
      concentration increases in the luteal phase; and (4) cyclic human uterine luminal
      fluid prolactin levels differ from those in cynomolgus monkeys and from those
      anticipated from human in vitro studies.

PMID- 3407704
TI  - Diagnosis and management of a tuberculous, tuboappendiceal fistula.
AB  - A tuberculous tuboappendiceal fistula was demonstrated on a hysterosalpingogram
      in an asymptomatic patient being evaluated for infertility. Antituberculous
      medical treatment resulted in closure of the fistula.

PMID- 3407705
TI  - Reduction of the intraperitoneal inflammation associated with endometriosis by
      treatment with medroxyprogesterone acetate.
AB  - An intraperitoneal inflammatory exudate has been repeatedly observed in infertile
      women without mechanical compromise of the pelvic viscera, particularly with
      endometriosis. This is manifested by increases in the peritoneal fluid volume,
      leukocyte number, and proteolytic enzyme concentrations. We tested the hypothesis
      that the stimulus responsible for eliciting this intraperitoneal inflammation is
      retrograde menstruation by measuring the peritoneal fluid volume and leukocyte
      count in 16 infertile women with endometriosis before and after ovulation
      suppression with medroxyprogesterone acetate, 30 mg/day for 4 months.
      Medroxyprogesterone acetate therapy significantly reduced the peritoneal fluid
      volume (22.5 +/- 4.1 versus 6.8 +/- 0.9 ml mean +/- SE, p less than 0.0001), the
      peritoneal fluid leukocyte count (30.7 +/- 6.5 versus 7.1 +/- 0.7 x 10(6) cells
      per patient, p less than 0.0001), and American Fertility Society score (23.2 +/-
      5.1 versus 15.4 +/- 4.1, p less than 0.0002). We conclude that
      medroxyprogesterone acetate treatment reduces the intraperitoneal exudate
      associated with endometriosis. These results support the contention that the
      stimulus eliciting the intraperitoneal inflammation in infertile women with
      endometriosis is retrograde menstruation.

PMID- 3407706
TI  - Amniotic fluid urea nitrogen in the prediction of respiratory distress syndrome.
AB  - Amniotic fluid urea nitrogen levels can be used to predict the neonate not at
      risk for the development of respiratory distress syndrome. A prospective study of
      110 pregnancies compared amniotic fluid urea nitrogen concentrations with the
      lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio and presence of phosphatidylglycerol. After
      determination of gestational age, amniotic fluid was analyzed for urea nitrogen
      concentration and an aliquot was sent to the hospital's commercial laboratory for
      lecithin/sphingomyelin and phosphatidylglycerol measurement. An amniotic fluid
      urea nitrogen level less than 7.4 mg/dl predicted the presence of neonatal
      respiratory distress syndrome in 12 of 13 patients independent of gestational age
      and birth weight. This assay can be performed at the bedside with simple
      equipment in 70 seconds at approximately one-fortieth the cost of present
      standard lung maturity studies.

PMID- 3407707
TI  - Prenatal detection of cardiovascular malformations by echocardiography: an
      indication for cytogenetic evaluation.
AB  - Prenatal diagnosis of congenital cardiovascular malformations by echocardiography
      may signal associated chromosome abnormalities. The exact proportion of these
      associations is not known but is expected to be higher than that with live-birth.
      To estimate the risk that a fetus with an echocardiographically detected heart
      defect has an autosomal trisomy or Turner syndrome, we adjusted the known
      frequency of aneuploidy in live-born infants with congenital cardiovascular
      malformations by the reported rate of spontaneous abortion, with data from a
      population-based case-control study of congenital cardiovascular malformations in
      which 268 cases (12.7%) had both congenital cardiovascular malformations and a
      chromosome abnormality. Included in the present analysis were 188 aneuploid
      infants with congenital cardiovascular malformations that would have been
      detectable by fetal echo. When data are adjusted for the high spontaneous
      abortion rate of aneuploid fetuses, we estimate that there would have been more
      than a threefold increase in aneuploidy over the 13% seen at live-birth. Thus
      cytogenetic analysis is appropriate in a fetus with echo-diagnosed congenital
      cardiovascular malformations.

PMID- 3407708
TI  - Second-trimester serum cotinine levels in nonsmokers in relation to birth weight.
AB  - In this study the relationship between birth weight and passive exposure to
      tobacco smoke is assessed for the first time by serum cotinine measurements.
      Among 1231 nonsmoking white women whose blood was sampled during the second
      trimester of pregnancy, 31.4% had serum cotinine levels between 1.0 and 9.9 ng/ml
      and were therefore considered to be passively exposed to tobacco smoke. The crude
      mean birth weight of infants of the women passively exposed to smoke was 107 gm
      lower than that of infants of unexposed women, and that difference remained after
      the application of a multivariate analysis that included the major known birth
      weight-associated covariates. These findings are consistent with a causal
      relationship between passive exposure to tobacco smoke and birth weight and
      suggest that the dose-response relationship may not be linear.

PMID- 3407709
TI  - Lethal intrauterine fetal trauma.
AB  - Eight cases of lethal intrauterine fetal trauma secondary to motor vehicle
      accidents are retrospectively studied. In each instance the mother survived,
      usually sustaining only minor injuries. Some degree of placental abruption or
      infarction occurred in each case, but fetal abnormalities were more varied.
      Significant fetal injuries were limited to the head and included two instances of
      skull fracture associated with cortical lacerations and contusions. Six of the
      eight fetuses were stillborn, and the other two died during the first postnatal
      day. At least five of the mothers were unrestrained at the time of the accident,
      three of whom experienced abdominal impact against the steering wheel but no
      external abdominal injuries. Although two mothers were wearing seat belts, in
      only one instance could the seat belt be implicated in contributing to the fetal
      injury. This study shows that lethal placental or direct fetal injury can occur
      even though maternal injuries are minor or insignificant. The findings also
      support current recommendations for use of three-point restraints.

PMID- 3407710
TI  - Brain damage after intermittent partial cord occlusion in the chronically
      instrumented fetal lamb.
AB  - The relationship between intermittent partial occlusion of the umbilical
      circulation and fetal acid base status, brain function, and neuropathologic
      outcome was assessed in nine control and nine experimental singleton fetal lambs
      to determine if transient episodes of partial cord occlusion play a role in
      antenatal brain damage in this species. Intermittent partial occlusion of the
      umbilical circulation for 1 minute of every 3 minutes for 2 hours was associated
      with a 89% incidence of histologically confirmed damage confined to the cerebral
      white matter. This occurred without systemic evidence of progressive acidosis,
      but both fetal heart rate patterns and electrocortical activity were altered. We
      conclude that in the late gestation fetal lamb, umbilical cord compromise plays a
      causal role in a specific type of antenatal central nervous system injury.

PMID- 3407711
TI  - The slope of fetal heart rate deceleration is predictive of fetal condition
      during repeated umbilical cord compression in sheep.
AB  - The relationship between components of fetal heart rate deceleration and fetal
      arterial blood gas values or plasma catecholamine concentrations was investigated
      by repeated complete umbilical cord compression in chronically instrumented fetal
      lamb. Fetal arterial pH and bicarbonate levels decreased, while plasma
      norepinephrine and epinephrine concentrations increased more than tenfold. The
      slope of the descending limb of the fetal heart rate deceleration curve decreased
      and correlated strongly with fetal arterial pH, bicarbonate, and logarithmic
      plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine concentrations. Fetal arterial pH and
      bicarbonate levels were significantly lower in the group with lower fetal heart
      rate deceleration slope, and a greater plasma catecholamine concentration in this
      group suggested a redistribution of blood flow to vital organs. Therefore, during
      repeated umbilical cord compression, the fetal acid-base and hormonal state was
      predicted by the fetal heart rate deceleration slope. This relationship may be
      applicable to human fetuses in the diagnosis of fetal distress caused by
      umbilical cord compression during labor.

PMID- 3407712
TI  - Cholesteryl palmitate in the prediction of fetal lung maturity.

PMID- 3407713
TI  - Psychologic and behavioral factors in hyperemesis gravidarum.

PMID- 3407714
TI  - The male clitoris.

PMID- 3407715
TI  - Diagnosing ectopic pregnancy with use of serum progesterone levels.

PMID- 3407716
TI  - Nocturnal hypoglycemia in patients treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin
      infusion.

PMID- 3407717
TI  - Dopaminergic neurons in the cat retina.
AB  - Dopaminergic neurons have been directly visualized in the flat mount cat retina
      with an immunohistochemical technique that uses antisera directed to the enzyme
      tyrosine hydroxylase. In a previous study, three specific neuronal populations-
      amacrine cells, displaced amacrine (DA) cells, and interplexiform (IP) cells-
      were identified on the basis of morphology in the flat mount retina. The present
      study incorporates three-dimensional computer reconstructions and differences in
      the frequency distributions of some area to support the original cell
      classification. The three neuronal populations differ in cell numbers and spatial
      distributions in the retina; quantitative comparison of two cat retinas shows
      that the total numbers of cells and the spatial distributions of the three cell
      populations are consistent between retinas. These results suggest that a single
      neurotransmitter can serve different functions in modifying signals and flow of
      visual information within the neural networks of the retina.

PMID- 3407718
TI  - A model for the visual perception of direction.
AB  - An attempt is made to explain how the eyes can be moved with respect to the head
      and the observer can still assess the direction of an object in space fixed with
      respect to the head. My explanation is based on the assumption that the subject
      is made aware of the direction in which the eyes are pointing by the output from
      the brain center controlling the direction of fixation. He associates this signal
      with an awareness of "looking in a certain direction." The image falling on a
      certain point of the retina (usually near the center of the fovea), which I call
      the anchor point, is perceived as lying in the direction in which he "perceives
      himself to be looking." The directions of other objects are judged relative to
      the object that forms its image on the anchor point.

PMID- 3407719
TI  - Imbalanced adaptation of accommodation and vergence produces opposite extremes of
      the AC/A and CA/C ratios.
AB  - It is customary to describe abnormal interactions between accommodation and
      convergence according to the Duane-White classification of convergence excess and
      insufficiency or divergence excess and insufficiency. However, recent studies
      indicate that these extremely high and low categories of accommodative vergence
      may result from adaptive disorders of accommodation and convergence. The AC/A
      ratio is shown in this paper to vary inversely with adaptability of accommodation
      and to vary directly with adaptability of vergence. Extremely high AC/A ratios
      can result from an imbalance in which vergence adapts readily to prism, whereas
      accommodation does not adapt to minus lenses. Similarly, extremely high values
      for convergence accommodation (the CA/C ratio) are observed when there is robust
      adaptation of accommodation to lenses and little adaptation of vergence to prism.
      Furthermore, in these extreme cases the AC/A and CA/C ratios tend to be inversely
      related. For example, abnormally high AC/A ratios are often accompanied by
      extremely low CA/C ratios and vice versa. These observations suggest that
      equalizing the adaptability of accommodation and vergence with orthoptics may
      prove to be an effective means of restoring the AC/A and CA/C ratios to normal
      values.

PMID- 3407720
TI  - Measurement of metamorphopsia in the presence of ocular media opacities.
AB  - Opacities in the cornea, crystalline lens, and vitreous may make conventional
      measurements of retinal/visual function of little value. Here, we present two
      psychophysical hyperacuity tests that are designed to detect and quantify retinal
      distortions even in the presence of substantial opacities. One test makes use of
      a two-dot vernier display in which directional bias as well as vernier acuity can
      be estimated. The second test is a multi-dot hyperacuity bisection task, which
      resembles a simplified Amsler grid test. By varying the spatial parameters of
      these stimuli, metamorphopsia may be quantified. The method is applicable both in
      clear and occluded ocular media.

PMID- 3407721
TI  - Dynamics of human voluntary accommodation.
AB  - Voluntary and reflex accommodation were measured monocularly in five normal
      subjects using a dynamic infrared optometer. Comparison of the peak
      velocity/amplitude relation (i.e., "main sequence") showed complete overlapping
      of the response distributions, suggesting similarity of motoneuronal controller
      signals for voluntary and reflex accommodation. Voluntary accommodation may
      represent a preprogrammed maneuver used in a variety of real-life predictable
      situations to optimize performance. Clinically, it may represent an important
      component in the training of accommodation dynamics.

PMID- 3407722
TI  - Adaptation to vertical prism.
AB  - Patients with vertical heterophoria and a reduced ability to adapt to an induced
      vertical prism are appropriate patients for a vertical prismatic correction. A
      clinical method is presented for identifying those patients with a reduced
      ability to adapt to an induced vertical prism.

PMID- 3407723
TI  - Photographing eye movements to obtain both high resolution and large amplitude
      applied to the experiment of J. Mueller.
AB  - A method is described by which very small eye movements may be photographed over
      a wide angle, using the optical-lever technique. The method is applied to
      photographing eye movements for the experiment of J. Mueller. The fixating eye
      makes "irrelevant" movements that are not observable under direct observation or
      with less sensitive recording methods. The eye-movement records were measured,
      and the velocity and acceleration of accommodative vergence were determined for
      two amplitudes.

PMID- 3407724
TI  - Role of vergence accommodation in correcting for night myopia.
AB  - Although the dark-focus or resting position of accommodation provides a
      parsimonious interpretation of the anomalous myopias, in correcting for night
      myopia the role of vergence accommodation must be considered. Both contrast
      sensitivity (CS) and accommodation were determined for monocular and binocular
      observation without and with optical corrections based on the individual dark
      focus. The data suggest that the availability of a stimulus for vergence
      accommodation may modify the magnitude of an optical correction for night myopia.

PMID- 3407725
TI  - Rigid contact lens area and corneal oxygenation.
AB  - The corneal area covered by a rigid contact lens under static conditions was
      calculated for various combinations of lens and corneal diameters. The lens was
      then assumed to move to various positions on the cornea to find the lens overlap
      of the corneal area originally covered by the lens. For most clinically practical
      dimensions, when the contact lens moves to the corneal limbus, a small area of
      lens overlap remains. This corneal area receives no direct exposure to the
      external atmosphere and must derive its oxygen via a tear-pumping action by the
      lens. A method for the calculation of this area is presented. The model is used
      to explain the appearance of central corneal clouding (CCC), the function of the
      contact lens peripheral curve, and a possible mechanism for corneal oxygenation
      during extended wear.

PMID- 3407726
TI  - Target crowding in foveal and peripheral stereoacuity.
AB  - Disparity thresholds were obtained for a single point target when surrounded by a
      hexagonal array of comparison point targets. The experiment was carried out in
      two observers at the fovea and at retinal eccentricities of 3, 6, and 9 degrees.
      In each case the array diameter for best stereoacuity was determined. Care was
      taken that the data represented the optimum performance of the observer for the
      level of training in peripheral stereo tasks and also for the distance from the
      horopter. The results show a steady rise with eccentricity both for the
      stereothreshold and for the minimum target separations needed for uncrowded
      stereo performance. Both increase by a factor of about 10 between the fovea and
      the 9 degrees periphery, where a clear zone of at least 2 degrees diameter
      between test and comparison targets is needed for best stereoacuity.

PMID- 3407727
TI  - In situ oxygen transmissibility of rigid gas-permeable contact lenses.
AB  - On the eye a contact lens is bathed in tear fluid, which increases its resistance
      to oxygen flux. For rigid gas-permeable lenses, this effect should be small
      during open-eye wear because a large amount of oxygen is provided by air
      saturated tears that are pumped under the lens. However, under closed-eye
      conditions this study suggests substantial decrease in overall lens system oxygen
      transmissibility when lens transmissibility itself is greater than 20 x 10(-9) cm
      ml O2/s ml mm Hg and when the average thickness of the tear layer is greater than
      about 20 micron.

PMID- 3407728
TI  - Visual acuity changes with age: some new perspectives.
AB  - Snellen chart visual acuity is thought to change very little up to age 60 years.
      However, any changes in contrast in the retinal and/or neural image with age may
      only be detected in low contrast and low luminance testing conditions. Only under
      these conditions does contrast significantly influence visual acuity
      measurements. In this pilot experiment we show that low contrast visual acuity is
      considerably worse (two lines of Snellen acuity) for an older group (N = 8, mean
      age 57) than for a younger group (N = 9, mean age 24.6) in spite of the fact that
      each subject was referred to the study with 6/6 (20/20) or better acuity. At
      conventional contrast and luminance levels there is no significant difference
      between the two groups. The results also suggest that a simple measurement of
      contrast sensitivity for a small spot of light may allow a contrast correction
      factor to account for both age and luminance level differences in the contrast
      vs. acuity function.

PMID- 3407729
TI  - A model for group intervention with preschool children experiencing separation
      and divorce.
AB  - A six-session group program model is described. It is designed to facilitate the
      adjustment of preschoolers to separation and divorce of parents. Goals are
      specified and the plan of each group session outlined. Some preliminary
      observations regarding outcome are discussed.

PMID- 3407730
TI  - A group for parents of children with fatal genetic illnesses.
AB  - Parents whose children have progressive genetic disorders, such as Tay-Sachs, are
      confronted with a myriad of painful and compelling issues. This paper describes a
      long-term, open-ended group set up to allow parents of such children to work
      together on mutual concerns. The process of collaboration, the evolving structure
      of the group, and the challenges of working with this special population are
      explored.

PMID- 3407731
TI  - Intergenerational conflict: middle-aged women caring for demented older
      relatives.
AB  - This study examined the experiences of 181 middle-aged women who, while raising a
      family, were also primary care providers for an older demented relative. Results
      indicated that the caregiver burden depended on the context of the caregiving
      experience, particularly the relative's place of residence. Employment did not
      alter responsibilities but did affect coping strategies and perceived health of
      the caregiver.

PMID- 3407732
TI  - The next best thing to being there: conducting the clinical research interview by
      telephone.
AB  - This methodological commentary explores the utility of the telephone as a medium
      for collecting sensitive clinical research data. The nature of the clinical
      interview is discussed, clinical and research literature dealing with use of the
      telephone is reviewed, and a follow-up study conducted entirely by telephone is
      described. More rigorous study of this research approach is called for.

PMID- 3407733
TI  - Disturbed sleep and worries among learning disabled adolescents.
AB  - This study tested the clinical assumption that sleep problems reflect underlying
      emotional concerns. The hypothesis that worry-correlates of disturbed sleep for
      learning disabled adolescents would be related to their disability was borne out
      by findings of sleep problems associated with concerns about intellectual and
      academic adequacy. Other significant correlates suggested the effect of social
      anxiety which may be age-appropriate.

PMID- 3407734
TI  - The Perinatal Grief Scale: development and initial validation.
AB  - The theoretical strategy underlying development of the Perinatal Grief Scale is
      described. The instrument was completed by 194 subjects as part of a longitudinal
      study of factors affecting the resolution of grief following spontaneous
      abortion, fetal or neonatal death, or ectopic pregnancy. Variables found to be
      significant predictors of grief, as measured by this scale, were: overall
      physical health of mother, gestational age at time of loss, quality of the
      marital relationship, and pre-loss mental health symptomatology.

PMID- 3407735
TI  - Screening for psychosocial dysfunction in economically disadvantaged and minority
      group children: further validation of the Pediatric Symptom Checklist.
AB  - This study assessed the validity and reliability of the Pediatric Symptom
      Checklist (PSC) for screening lower-middle-class and minority group children.
      PSCs were collected from parents of 300 pediatric outpatients aged six to 12
      years and 48 of these children and their parents were interviewed in depth. The
      rate of positive screening was higher for poorer children. Comprehensive
      interview evaluations and statistical indices suggested that this higher rate was
      valid.

PMID- 3407736
TI  - Symptomatology in men who were molested as children: a comparison study.
AB  - Forty male and 40 female crisis center clients, evenly divided in terms of
      molestation history, were examined for possible long-term sequelae of sexual
      abuse. Although molestation during childhood was associated with previous suicide
      attempts and with elevated symptomatology on the Trauma Symptom Checklist, no
      differences between males and females were found on these variables.

PMID- 3407737
TI  - Seclusion in context: introducing a seclusion room into a children's unit of a
      municipal hospital.
AB  - To assess the effects of a seclusion room in context, the 15-month period before
      and after its introduction into a children's unit at a large municipal hospital
      was studied. Results indicate that frequency of restraints did not change, that
      restrained children stayed longer, and that staff and children preferred
      seclusion to other management interventions. The influence of hospital context on
      the use of seclusion and restraints is discussed.

PMID- 3407738
TI  - Efficacy of behavior management versus methylphenidate in a hyperactive child:
      the role of dynamics.
AB  - The case of a seven-year-old boy whose hyperactivity is of psychogenic origin is
      presented. A behavior management approach combined with a positive teacher-child
      interaction was found to result in better child behavior than was a
      methylphenidate regimen. The importance of the dynamics of the teacher-child
      interaction is emphasized.

PMID- 3407739
TI  - Financing outpatient mental health care: how much does insurance actually help?
AB  - Providers of mental health services in both public and private sectors are
      becoming increasingly dependent on third-party health insurance to cover the
      costs of outpatient psychotherapy. The present investigation examines
      reimbursement rates for the cost of the average course of psychotherapy for a
      sample of industries in one city. Results suggest that insurance coverage should
      not be viewed as a panacea by mental health providers.

PMID- 3407740
TI  - Microsurgical anatomy of the jugular foramen region.
AB  - The popularization of skull base approaches for lesions at the jugular foramen
      requires a thorough understanding of the normal anatomic features of this region.
      We present a series of color photographs with a review of the vital structures at
      the skull base in the region of the jugular foramen exposed via the infratemporal
      fossa approach. The jugular bulb and its relationship to the ninth, tenth,
      eleventh, and twelfth cranial nerves and to the internal carotid artery and otic
      capsule are demonstrated. All relationships are described in the lateral surgical
      position. The clinical usefulness of a thorough understanding of these anatomic
      associations is discussed.

PMID- 3407741
TI  - Giant cholesterol granuloma producing brainstem compression.
AB  - Cholesterol granuloma of the petrous apex is an unusual clinical entity that has
      received much attention in the recent literature. Not considered to be a life
      threatening lesion, cholesterol granuloma usually presents with a variety of
      cranial nerve findings. A case of brainstem compression caused by a giant
      cholesterol granuloma is presented. This lesion prompted emergency surgical
      intervention with dramatic relief of neurologic symptoms. The unusual nature of
      this case is compared with the more common presentation of cholesterol granuloma.

PMID- 3407742
TI  - Otosclerosis masking coexistent acoustic neuroma.
AB  - The coexistence of an acoustic neuroma with otosclerosis can prove to be a great
      diagnostic dilemma. In such cases, the diagnosis of acoustic neuroma is usually
      delayed while more common causes of sensorineural hearing loss associated with
      otosclerosis or its surgery are considered. Any asymmetric progression of a
      sensorineural loss or shift in discrimination after stapes surgery, whether
      sudden or gradual, should provoke suspicion of a second pathologic process. These
      include perilymph fistula, labyrinthine otosclerosis or ischemia, and acoustic
      neuroma. The use of auditory brainstem response and acoustic reflex testing and
      various imaging techniques is essential for accurate diagnosis. This paper
      includes two cases that demonstrate this dual pathology, bringing the total to 15
      such cases reported in the literature. The purposes of this paper are to alert
      the clinician to the diagnostic problem of acoustic neuroma coexisting with
      otosclerosis and to propose a means of evaluating these patients.

PMID- 3407743
TI  - Noradrenergic cerebral stimulation of sensorineural impaired subjects: yohimbine
      effects on speech intelligibility and the auditory brain response.
AB  - Norepinephrine has been shown to improve signal-to-noise ratios of sensory
      systems, including that of the auditory system. Yohimbine has been observed to
      cause a selective increase of cerebral norepinephrine. It was administered in one
      dose to sensorineurally impaired subjects with the object of improving their
      speech hearing in noise. Speech intelligibility was measured by the adaptive
      procedure. Mild, significant improvement was noted in one of the hearing
      components, "attenuation," and an adverse effect was shown on "distortion," owing
      to noise. Auditory brainstem response was improved significantly. The objective
      of temporarily improving intelligibility in noise was not attained.

PMID- 3407744
TI  - Blast injury and cholesteatoma.

PMID- 3407745
TI  - Treatment of hydropic patients by immunoglobulin with methyl B12.
AB  - Recently several investigations have been reported suggesting that the cause of
      endolymphatic hydrops might be an immunologic disorder of the endolymphatic
      space, including the endolymphatic sac. As the first choice in a conservative
      treatment by medication, the authors have used a combination of prednisolone and
      furosemide per os, which is rather safe and effective for hydrops patients in a
      subacute stage. However, some patients do not respond to this treatment or
      gradually become immune to this medication. With these patients, we have tried an
      intravenous administration of immunoglobulin G with methyl B12, expecting a
      curative effect on immunologic deficiency in the endolymphatic space. Compared
      with a group of patients without this treatment, the group receiving it showed
      rather good scores in hearing improvement; however, vertigo and tinnitus remained
      almost unchanged.

PMID- 3407746
TI  - Stapedotomy with and without stapedius tendon preservation versus stapedectomy:
      long-term results.
AB  - Stapedectomy and stapedotomy are presently the techniques utilized in the
      surgical treatment of otosclerosis. The technique of choice at the ENT Department
      of the University of Verona has changed from stapedectomy to stapedotomy with and
      without stapedius tendon preservation. From January 1975 to December 1985, 805
      ears were operated on for otosclerosis at our department. A statistical analysis
      has been performed on three groups of patients (stapedectomy, stapedotomy without
      and with stapedius tendon preservation) at short and long term. The results
      suggest that stapedotomy with stapedius tendon preservation should be the
      preferred surgery in the treatment of otosclerosis.

PMID- 3407747
TI  - Surgery of the round window.
AB  - Tympanotomy is routinely performed in our institution to control the round window
      membrane for patients with recurrent sudden deafness, with Meniere-like attacks,
      and those with Meniere's disease. In a large number of these patients, especially
      those with vertigo, perilymph fistula has been diagnosed. Most patients are free
      of attacks after the fistula has been closed, and in those with a short history
      of illness, hearing can become normal. In the future, closure of the round window
      membrane should be considered an important procedure in the treatment of inner
      ear dysfunctions.

PMID- 3407748
TI  - An easy guide to electronystagmography interpretations.
AB  - Although there are numerous text books and long articles written on
      electronystagmography, there are few comprehensive summary tables to assist in
      teaching ENG interpretation. The use of such a device, however, is particularly
      helpful for medical students, residents, audiologists, nurses, and medical
      specialists who do not interpret electronystagmograms regularly.

PMID- 3407749
TI  - "Simple" facial nerve decompression for Bell's palsy.

PMID- 3407750
TI  - Reanimation options following graft failure.

PMID- 3407751
TI  - Nonepidemic incidence of Bell's palsy.

PMID- 3407752
TI  - Cochlear implants in children--point, counterpoint.

PMID- 3407753
TI  - Predicting long-term benefits from single-channel cochlear implants in profoundly
      hearing-impaired children.

PMID- 3407754
TI  - Renal weights in the southern African black population.
AB  - Renal weights of 430 adult black subjects coming to medicolegal autopsy at the
      Diepkloof State Mortuary, a large urban area southwest of Johannesburg, South
      Africa, were analyzed. The subjects were from 10 southern African black ethnic
      groups-Zulu, Sotho, Tswana, Xhosa, Shangaan, Swazi, Venda, Ndebele, Kalanga, and
      Malawi. The aims of the study were: 1) to ascertain the anatomical "norm" as it
      pertains to renal weights in this diverse population group; 2) to formulate
      standard reference tables that might be of use to the practicing pathologist in
      the southern African arena; 3) to provide a range of values that take into
      account the variables of age, sex, race, body weight, and body height; and 4) to
      provide a standard of comparison with anthropological and anatomical studies
      conducted on North American black, North American Caucasian, Indian subcontinent,
      Burmese, and Jamaican population groups. In each of the 430 subjects, age, sex,
      ethnic group, supine body length, body weight, individual left and right renal
      weights, and causes of death were noted. The latter were divided into 6
      categories: 1) penetrating incised wounds; 2) multiple injuries; 3) gunshot
      wounds; 4) craniocerebral injuries; 5) various miscellaneous nonnatural causes of
      death; and 6) natural causes of death. The above variables were analyzed by
      computer and compared with respect to renal weights. No statistically significant
      differences were observed between the sexes or the age groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3407755
TI  - Measurements of tooth wear among Australian aborigines: II. Intrapopulational
      variation in patterns of dental attrition.
AB  - The possible implications of variations in dental attrition patterns have
      necessitated a detailed assessment of the types, ranges, and causes of tooth
      wear. Hear we employ measurements of postcanine occlusal wear facets from a
      sample population of extant Australian aborigines. A principal components
      analysis was applied as a tool in determining common types of attritional
      patterns. It was concluded that the range of intrapopulational variation in
      dental wear patterns must be attributed to a multiplicity of sources in addition
      to such commonly cited causes as dietary variations, gender, age, and
      developmental eruption sequences.

PMID- 3407756
TI  - Positional behavior of long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) in northern
      Sumatra.
AB  - Although the majority of extant primates are described as "quadrupedal," there is
      little information available from natural habitats on the locomotor and postural
      behavior of arboreal primate quadrupeds that are not specialized for leaping. To
      clarify varieties of quadrupedal movement, a quantitative field study of the
      positional behavior of a highly arboreal cercopithecine, Macaca fascicularis, was
      conducted in northern Sumatra. At least 70% of locomotion in travel, foraging,
      and feeding was movement along continuous substrates by quadrupedalism and
      vertical climbing. Another 14-25% of locomotion was across substrates by
      pronograde clambering and vertical clambering. The highest frequency of
      clambering occurred in foraging for insects, and on the average smaller
      substrates were used in clambering than during quadrupedal movement. All postural
      behavior during foraging and feeding was above-substrate, largely sitting.
      Locomotion across substrates requires grasping branches of diverse orientations,
      sometimes displaced away from the animal's body. The relatively low frequency of
      across-substrate locomotion appears consistent with published analyses of
      cercopithecoid postcranial morphology, indicating specialization for stability of
      limb joints and use of limbs in parasagittal movements, but confirmation of this
      association awaits interspecific comparisons that make the distinction between
      along- and across-substrate forms of locomotion. It is suggested that pronograde
      clambering as defined in this study was likely a positional mode of considerable
      importance in the repertoire of Proconsul africanus and is a plausible early
      stage in the evolution of later hominoid morphology and locomotor behavior.

PMID- 3407757
TI  - Craniofacial sequelae of lesions to facial and trigeminal motor nuclei in growing
      rats.
AB  - Unilateral electrolytic lesions were made in the left-side facial motor nucleus
      (FMNu) of six Sprague-Dawley rats at 35 days of age in order to correlate
      craniofacial sequelae with changed motoneuron function. Experimental and control
      rats were killed at 22, 32, 42, and 52 days postoperatively to provide muscle
      weight, brain histology, and dry skull preparations for analyses. Dissection,
      muscle weight, motoneuron count, and osteometric data revealed that lesion-side
      facial and masticatory muscles were affected by the lesions. Paired t-tests
      indicated that significant differences existed between weights of experimental
      lesion- and nonlesion-side anterior digastric, temporalis, masseteric complex,
      and medial pterygoid muscles, numbers of facial and trigeminal motoneurons, and
      several skeletal dimensions of the skull. Basi-cranial dimensions of experimental
      animals were least affected by the lesion, whereas zygomatic arch, dorsal facial
      region, and mandibular condyle dimensions were most affected. Statistical
      analyses also detected significant differences between experimental and control
      groups for several skeletal dimensions of the skull. Data indicated that damage
      to the trigeminal motor nucleus (TMNu) was secondary to the primary lesion in the
      FMNu. Motoneurons within the facial and trigeminal neuromuscular complexes (FNC
      and TNC) play an important role in craniofacial growth and development.

PMID- 3407758
TI  - Transport of 3-hydroxy[3-14C]butyrate by dissociated cells from rat brain.
AB  - Recent studies suggest that the utilization of oxidizable substrates by the brain
      may be regulated in part by transport across the plasma membrane. Dissociated
      brain cells obtained by mechanical disruption of rat brain were used to measure
      the uptake of 3-hydroxy[3-14C]butyrate. Total uptake revealed two mechanisms
      (diffusion and a carrier-mediated system). A Lineweaver-Burk plot of the latter
      component yielded an apparent Km of 1.47 mM and a maximal velocity (Vmax) of 5
      nmol.min-1.mg protein-1. The rates of uptake were temperature dependent and were
      significantly higher at pH 6.2 than at pH 7.4 or 8.2. Preloading the cells and
      increasing the intracellular concentration of 3-hydroxybutyrate using 12.5 and 25
      mM increased the rate of uptake 143 and 206%, respectively, indicative of an
      accelerative exchange mechanism. Uptake was inhibited approximately 50% by (in
      mM) 10 phenylpyruvate, 10 alpha-ketoisocaproate, 10 KCN, and 1.5 NaAsO2. Uptake
      was also decreased by (in mM) 5 lactate, 5 methyl malonic acid, 1 alpha-cyano-4
      hydroxycinnamate, and 1 mersalyl. Dissociated brain cells from 14- to 16-day-old
      rats accumulated 3-hydroxybutyrate at a rate more than two-fold greater than
      cells from either younger (2-day-old) or older (28-day-old and adult) animals.
      These data are consistent with the proposal that 3-hydroxybutyrate is taken up by
      the brain by both diffusion and a carrier-mediated transport system, and they
      support the hypothesis that transport at the cellular level contributes to the
      regulation of substrate utilization by the brain.

PMID- 3407759
TI  - G-1,6-P2, glycolysis, and energy metabolism during circulatory occlusion in human
      skeletal muscle.
AB  - The effect of circulatory occlusion on the content of glucose 1,6-bisphosphate (G
      1,6-P2), glycogenolytic intermediates, and high-energy phosphates in the
      quadriceps femoris muscles of eight men was investigated. Needle biopsies were
      obtained at rest, after 30 min of circulatory occlusion, and 15 min after the
      occlusion was released. G-1,6-P2 averaged 75 +/- 8 (SE) mumol/kg dry wt at rest
      and did not change significantly after occlusion (82 +/- 10; P greater than 0.05)
      but was slightly elevated after 15 min recovery (88 +/- 12; P less than 0.05 vs.
      rest). Phosphocreatine (PCr) decreased in all subjects after occlusion (from 80.4
      +/- 2.6 to 66.2 +/- 4.7 mmol/kg dry wt; P less than 0.001) and was completely
      resynthesized after recovery (80.9 +/- 2.4). Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (F-1,6-P2)
      was doubled after occlusion (P less than 0.05). During occlusion, the average
      glycolytic and anaerobic ATP turnover rates were 0.08 +/- 0.02 mmol.kg dry wt
      1.min-1 (approximately 4 times the calculated rate at rest) and 0.7 +/- 0.2
      mmol.kg dry wt-1.min-1 (less than 20% of the calculated rate at rest),
      respectively. Total glycolysis was strongly related to the calculated increase in
      inorganic phosphate (Pi, r = 0.93; P less than 0.01), the decrease in PCr/Cr
      (reflects an increase in free ADP and AMP) (r = 0.92; P less than 0.01), and the
      increase in hexosemonophosphates (r = 0.77; P less than 0.05). It is concluded
      that short-term ischemia in human skeletal muscle results in no change in the
      content of G-1,6-P2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3407760
TI  - G-1,6-P2 in human skeletal muscle after isometric contraction.
AB  - The content of glucose 1,6-bisphosphate (G-1,6-P2), an in vitro activator of
      phosphofructokinase (a rate-limiting enzyme for glycolysis), and the glycolytic
      rate in skeletal muscle during isometric contraction have been determined.
      Subjects contracted the knee extensor muscles at two-thirds maximal voluntary
      force to fatigue. Biopsies from the quadriceps femoris muscle were obtained
      before and immediately after contraction. G-1,6-P2 increased in all subjects from
      a mean of 101 +/- 15 (SE) mumol/kg dry wt at rest to 128 +/- 24 at fatigue (P
      less than 0.05). Muscle glucose did not change significantly, whereas
      hexosemonophosphates were significantly increased after contraction. The
      glycogenolytic and glycolytic rate averaged 70.0 +/- 13.8 and 47.3 +/- 6.7
      mmol.kg dry wt-1.min-1, respectively, and the glycolytic rate was positively
      correlated with the accumulation rates of fructose 6-phosphate (F-6-P) (r = 0.95,
      P less than 0.01) and G-6-P (r = 0.96, P less than 0.01). Phosphocreatine and ATP
      decreased by 87 and 17%, respectively, whereas ADP increased by 31% after
      contraction. These data demonstrate that intense, short-term isometric
      contraction results in an elevation of the muscle content of G-1,6-P2. The
      increase in G-1,6-P2 could not be accounted for by the side reactions of
      phosphoglucomutase or phosphofructokinase. It remains to be determined whether
      the observed increase in G-1,6-P2 is sufficient to account for the high
      glycolytic rate during intense exercise. The lack of increase in muscle glucose
      while G-6-P increased (which will inhibit hexokinase) suggests that the
      debranching enzyme complex was not active during contraction.

PMID- 3407761
TI  - Modulation of Na+-Pi cotransport in opossum kidney cells by extracellular
      phosphate.
AB  - The effect of the extracellular concentration of Pi on the Na+-dependent
      phosphate transport activity of OK cells was investigated. When incubated with
      extracellular Pi at concentrations of 200 microM or less, Na+-Pi cotransport
      increased approximately twofold in OK cells compared with control cells (kept in
      0.85 mM Pi), whereas other Na+-dependent transport activities were not affected.
      After Pi deprivation, Na+-Pi cotransport could be inhibited to a similar extent
      (80%) by parathyroid hormone (PTH) as in control cells, suggesting that the PTH
      sensitive Na+-Pi cotransport activity is also regulated by extracellular Pi. The
      increase of Na+-Pi cotransport was maximally expressed after 6 h and could be
      prevented by cycloheximide (70 microM) but not by actinomycin D (0.5-5 g/ml).
      However, the adaptive response was completely blocked by 3'-deoxyadenosine
      (cordycepin) at 100 microM. From these data, it is concluded that the
      upregulation of Na+-Pi cotransport in OK cells due to low extracellular Pi is
      controlled at a posttranscriptional level.

PMID- 3407762
TI  - Myocyte deenergization and intracellular free calcium dynamics.
AB  - Intracellular free calcium in adult rat heart ventricular myocytes was monitored
      by single cell fura-2 fluorescence microscopy. The average resting free calcium
      in rod-shaped quiescent cells was 125 nM (range 70-200 nM). When cells were
      deenergized with an inhibitor (amytal) and an uncoupler (carbonyl-cyanide m
      chlorophenylhydrazone) of oxidative phosphorylation, there was a small but
      significant increase (125-380 nM) in intracellular free calcium during the
      transition to a highly contracted (square) rigor form. After the onset of
      contracture, which occurred 5-15 min after addition of the above compounds, the
      increase in free calcium was slow for the first 20 min, reaching a value of only
      750 nM. Thereafter, the rate of increase accelerated and 50 min after
      contracture, free calcium was approximately 3 microM. The increase in free
      calcium was absolutely dependent on extracellular calcium but was not inhibited
      by high concentrations of verapamil (2-7 microM), suggesting influx via the Na+
      Ca2+ exchange transporter as the cause of calcium increase. However, in calcium
      repletion protocols the rate of increase in sodium-loaded myocytes was greatly
      accelerated if cells were not depleted of ATP, confirming suggestions that ATP
      loss partially inhibits Na+-Ca2+ exchange.

PMID- 3407763
TI  - Survey of osmolytes in renal cell lines.
AB  - In renal medullas during antidiuresis, the extracellular fluid is hyperosmotic
      because of high concentrations of NaCl and urea. Under those conditions, the
      cells contain high concentrations of organic osmolytes, namely sorbitol, myo
      inositol, glycerophosphorylcholine (GPC), and betaine to balance the
      extracellular hyperosmolality. These organic osmolytes increase cell osmolality
      without perturbing the intracellular milieu in ways that would degrade the
      function of cellular macromolecules. The present study surveyed a number of cell
      lines for the ability to survive in media with high concentrations of NaCl and/or
      urea and for the accumulation of organic osmolytes. Of the renal cell lines
      tested, MDCK, GRB-MAL1, and A6 cells proliferated in hyperosmotic media, but
      medullary interstitial cells LLC-PK1 and LLC-PK3 did not proliferate, nor did
      nonrenal HTC-BH cells, MDCK, LLC-PK1, and LLC-PK3 cells contained higher
      concentrations of myo-inositol, GPC, and betaine when cultured in media
      containing high NaCl (with or without high urea) and much lower or undetectable
      levels of these osmolytes when grown in isosmotic media. Sorbitol, and to a
      lesser extent myo-inositol, were elevated in GRB-MAL1 cells in media hyperosmotic
      with NaCl but not in isosmotic media. There was less accumulation of organic
      osmolytes when only urea was added to increase osmolality. Thus the same
      osmolytes were accumulated by one or another cell line in vitro as were
      previously found in renal medullas. These cell lines provide models for studying
      osmolyte accumulation.

PMID- 3407764
TI  - Sustained function of normoxic hearts depleted in ATP and phosphocreatine: a 31P
      NMR study.
AB  - A model of high-energy phosphate depletion was developed in the normoxic
      isovolumic rat heart perfused with acetate, 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG), and insulin.
      Intracellular phosphorylation of 2DG abstracts phosphorus from its normal
      pathways. This results in a decrease of high-energy phosphates without any
      increase in Pi. During the first 15 min of 2DG phosphorylation, the changes in
      ATP, Pi, and intracellular pH (pHi) were slight, and work was unaltered, although
      phosphocreatine (PCr) concentration dropped by 50%. After 45 min, the heart
      reached a new steady state characterized by a drastic reduction in both PCr and
      ATP: PCr was 15% of control, and in most hearts ATP became invisible on the
      nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra. Nevertheless, the heart still developed
      65% of its original systolic pressure, whereas diastolic pressure was unchanged.
      Oxygen consumption per unit work remained constant during 2DG perfusion. This is,
      to our knowledge, the first experimental model of sustained cardiac contractility
      at such low contents of both ATP and PCr. However, our results are compatible
      with present knowledge of the cytosolic energy transfer by PCr and of the control
      of force in myofilaments.

PMID- 3407765
TI  - Nonrandom turnover of actin and tubulin in cultured rabbit cardiac fibroblasts.
AB  - Total protein fractional rates of growth, synthesis, and degradation were
      assessed in primary cultures of rabbit cardiac fibroblasts. Differences in
      fractional growth rates were produced by subculturing cells at low density and
      growing them to confluence. Total protein fractional degradative rates were then
      derived by subtracting fractional growth rates from measured fractional synthetic
      rates (obtained in [3H]leucine pulse-labeling experiments). Actin and tubulin
      degradation were studied in similar rapidly and slowly growing cultures.
      [35S]methionine pulse-chase experiments, followed by dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, fluorography, and densitometry were used to
      determine the amount of labeled actin and tubulin remaining in cultures at
      various times during the chase (0-96 h). The indirect study showed a
      substantially lower total protein fractional degradative rate during rapid vs.
      slow growth (0.04 +/- 0.13 vs. 0.42 +/- 0.01 d-1 at 2 and 15 days after
      subculture, respectively; P less than 0.01). At both growth rates, the
      disappearance of labeled actin and tubulin was delayed, suggesting a more complex
      model for their degradation than random decay. Serum deprivation of slowly
      growing fibroblasts increased the rate of disappearance of both proteins by
      eliminating the delay in their breakdown. Thus the suppression of protein
      degradation during rapid growth appears to result from the presence of relatively
      greater amounts of "new" actin and tubulin (and possible other long-lived
      proteins) that are kinetically distinct from the total intracellular pools of
      these proteins with respect to their susceptibility to proteolysis.

PMID- 3407766
TI  - Histamine stimulation of prostaglandin and HETE synthesis in human endothelial
      cells.
AB  - Endothelial cells (EC) cultured from human umbilical artery (UA) and vein (UV)
      metabolized [14C]arachidonic acid to prostaglandins (PGs),
      monohydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs), and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs).
      Major radioactive products were identified as 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, PGE2, PGF2
      alpha, 12-hydroxy heptadecatrienoic acid, 15-HETE, and 11-HETE. In addition,
      extracts from UV ECs contained 12-HETE, 5-HETE, 14,15-EET, and 5,6-EET as minor
      products, whereas extracts from UA ECs contained only 12-HETE as a minor product.
      UA ECs also produced metabolites comigrating with 14,15-EET, 11,12-EET, 8,9-EET,
      and 5,6-EET. Histamine increased the release of [14C]PGs and [14C]HETEs from
      [14C]arachidonic acid-labeled ECs. Indomethacin, aspirin, and nordihydroguauretic
      acid completely inhibited synthesis of both [14C]PGs and [14C]HETEs from
      exogenous [14C]arachidonic acid in these cells. Microsomes metabolized
      [14C]arachidonic acid to the same [14C]PGs and [14C]HETEs as intact cells.
      Pretreatment of microsomes with indomethacin completely inhibited formation of
      these products. These data indicate that UA ECs and UV ECs metabolize endogenous
      and exogenous arachidonic acid to both PGs and HETEs. Also 15-HETE and 11-HETE
      appear to be synthesized by a microsomal enzyme with the properties of
      cyclooxygenase.

PMID- 3407767
TI  - Uptake of thyroxine by the perfused rat liver: implications for the free hormone
      hypothesis.
AB  - To investigate the mechanism by which thyroxine (T4) in plasma enters hepatic
      cells, we measured the rate constants for uptake of free T4 by the perfused rat
      liver and for dissociation of T4 from its plasma binding proteins. Quantitative
      autoradiography of liver lobules after perfusion with [125I]T4 indicated an
      apparent rat constant for removal of free T4 from the sinusoids of at least 1.1
      +/- 0.2 s-1. Single-pass extraction of T4 from human serum was 10.6 +/- 1.7% at
      physiological flow rates (1 ml.min-1.g liver-1). Rate constants for dissociation
      of T4 from plasma binding proteins at 37 degrees C (determined by rapid
      filtration) were 0.017 +/- 0.002 s-1 for human thyroid hormone-binding globulin,
      0.080 +/- 0.015 s-1 for human thyroid hormone-binding prealbumin, and greater
      than 0.5 s-1 for human albumin. To investigate the factors that determine the
      concentration of T4 within hepatic cells, we analyzed the above data together
      with data reported in the literature on the equilibrium-binding constants and the
      rate constant for cellular metabolism of T4. Analysis of all of these data using
      a previously published mathematical model leads to the following conclusions for
      the physiological state: 1) metabolism, not uptake, is rate limiting to removal
      of T4 from plasma by the liver; 2) binding equilibrium is present in the
      intrahepatic plasma; 3) intracellular T4 is in equilibrium with the free T4 pool
      in plasma (and maintenance of this equilibrium may be an important function of
      plasma thyroid hormone-binding proteins); and 4) the concentration of T4 within
      the liver is proportional to the concentration of free T4 in the plasma. Our data
      do not allow us to determine definitively whether hepatic uptake of T4 occurs
      only from the free T4 pool in plasma or also from the protein-bound pool by
      interaction of one or more of the binding proteins with the liver cell. However,
      mathematical analysis indicates that this distinction is irrelevant to steady
      state intracellular hormone concentrations when equilibrium exists between the
      plasma and cytosolic pools of hormone.

PMID- 3407768
TI  - Effects of repeated cycles of fasting-refeeding on brown adipose tissue
      composition in mice.
AB  - Mice fasted for 24 h showed reductions in carcass fat and gonadal fat depots and
      atrophy of brown adipose tissue (BAT) that was characterized by loss of protein
      and succinate dehydrogenase. These changes were reversed on 24 h of refeeding.
      Cycling mice experienced 14 cycles of 1 day of fast followed by 2 days of
      refeeding, whereas control mice were fed ad libitum. Weight loss during each fast
      remained constant, and the animals lost and regained in excess of twice their
      initial weights within 6 wk. However, final weight and carcass and gonadal fat
      weights were similar to those of animals fed ad libitum. Total food intake was
      similar between cycling mice and those fed ad libitum suggesting an increase in
      feeding efficiency. There was no development of resistance to food deprivation
      since the preceding fasting experience of the animal had no effect on weight and
      carcass fat loss during a 24- or 48-h fast. Norepinephrine-stimulated oxygen
      consumption that was reduced in cycling mice was probably the result of a
      reduction of BAT thermogenic capacity. BAT succinate dehydrogenase content and
      the concentration of uncoupling protein in isolated mitochondria were
      significantly reduced. These changes in BAT composition were not observed when
      the refeeding period of each cycle was increased to 6 days. These results suggest
      that reduced energy expenditure in BAT may play a role in the conservation of
      energy during intermittent and frequent bouts of food deprivation.

PMID- 3407769
TI  - Role of sialic acid in insulin action and the insulin resistance of diabetes
      mellitus.
AB  - Adipocytes treated with neuraminidase show markedly reduced responsiveness to
      insulin without any alteration in insulin binding. In addition, several studies
      have separately demonstrated both insulin resistance and decreases in membrane
      sialic acid content and associated biosynthetic enzymes in diabetes mellitus. In
      the present study, we investigated the role that sialic acid residues may play in
      insulin action and in the hepatic insulin resistance associated with nonketotic
      diabetes. Primary cultures of hepatocytes from normal rats treated with
      neuraminidase demonstrated a dose-dependent decrease in insulin-stimulated
      lipogenesis. At a concentration of neuraminidase that decreases insulin action by
      50%, 23% of total cellular sialic acid content was released. Neuraminidase
      releasable sialic acid was significantly decreased in hepatocytes from diabetic
      rats and this was associated with significant insulin resistance. Treatment of
      hepatocytes from diabetic rats with cytidine 5'-monophospho-N-acetylneuraminic
      acid (CMP-NANA) enhanced insulin responsiveness 39%. The enhanced insulin
      responsiveness induced by CMP-NANA was blocked by cytidine 5'-monophosphate (CMP)
      suggesting that the CMP-NANA effect was catalyzed by a cell surface
      sialyltransferase. CMP reduced neuraminidase-releasable [14C]sialic acid
      incorporation into hepatocytes by 43%. The data demonstrate a role for cell
      surface sialic acid residues in hepatic insulin action and support a role for
      decreased cell surface sialic acid residues in the insulin resistance of diabetes
      mellitus.

PMID- 3407770
TI  - Sympathetic nervous system responses to cold exposure and diet in rat skeletal
      muscle.
AB  - Norepinephrine (NE) turnover measured in individual skeletal muscles of the rat
      assessed sympathetic responses to cold (4 degrees C) and diet. Acute cold
      exposure increased NE turnover slightly (15-50%) in all muscles examined,
      including gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior, tensor fascia lata, and soleus, in
      contrast, cold-accelerated NE turnover in heart by one- to twofold and in
      interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) by more than threefold. Similar results
      in skeletal muscle and heart were obtained after 1 wk of cold exposure.
      Examination of dietary effects on NE turnover, comparing rats fed a sucrose
      supplemented diet for 3 days with those fasted for 2 days, indicated that
      sympathetic activity in skeletal muscle was unresponsive to dietary intake. In
      heart and IBAT, on the other hand, NE turnover in sucrose-fed rats was twice that
      obtained in fasted animals. Taken together, the lesser effect of cold and the
      undetectable response to diet indicate that sympathetic outflow to skeletal
      muscle is regulated differently than that to heart or IBAT and imply that
      skeletal muscle is not a major site for sympathetically mediated thermogenic
      responses to cold exposure or to dietary alteration, such as fasting and sucrose
      feeding.

PMID- 3407771
TI  - Characterization by microdialysis of intracellular glucose level in subcutaneous
      tissue in humans.
AB  - The subcutaneous intercellular glucose concentration was measured with a
      microdialysis method in 14 healthy volunteers and compared with that in venous
      blood. Under steady-state fasting conditions the intercellular glucose
      concentration was similar to that in the blood. During an oral glucose tolerance
      test the absorption phase was slightly delayed (approximately 2 min) in the
      intercellular space compared with the blood. However, the kinetics for the
      decline in glucose was similar in the two compartments. The interstitial glucose
      concentration was similar to that in venous blood during both a eu- and a
      hyperglycemic clamp. However, a rapid change from euglycemia to hyperglycemia was
      associated with a significant delay (approximately 8 min) in the intercellular
      glucose. The data demonstrate that the subcutaneous tissue glucose concentration
      under non-steady-state conditions closely resembles that in venous blood.

PMID- 3407772
TI  - On plasma protein-mediated transport of steroid and thyroid hormones.

PMID- 3407773
TI  - Dietary regulation of intestinal transport of the dipeptide carnosine.
AB  - Uptake of the dipeptide L-carnosine was measured in everted intestinal sleeves of
      mice whose dietary protein level or else proportion of protein in the form of
      free amino acids was varied experimentally. Carnosine uptake was highest in the
      jejunum, regardless of ration. Compared with a low-protein (18%) ration, a high
      protein (72%) ration stimulated carnosine uptake by 30-70% in duodenum and
      jejunum (but not in ileum). This stimulation was observed even in the presence of
      peptidase inhibitors that inhibit cell surface hydrolysis of dipeptides. Measured
      carnosine hydrolysis was low or negligible. Carnosine uptake was the same in mice
      fed 54% unhydrolyzed casein, 54% partly hydrolyzed casein, and 54% free amino
      acids formulated so as to stimulate a complete hydrolysate of casein. Thus
      carnosine uptake is regulated by dietary levels of amino acids, peptides, and
      proteins, all of which seem equally effective at inducing carnosine transporters.

PMID- 3407774
TI  - Involvement of endogenous opiates in regulation of gastric emptying of fat test
      meals in mice.
AB  - The role of endogenous opioids and cholecystokinin (CCK) in gastric emptying was
      investigated in mice killed 30 min after gavage with 51Cr-radiolabeled liquid
      meals. The meals consisted of 0.5 ml of milk or one of five synthetic meals
      containing arabic gum, glucose and/or arachis oil and/or casein. Naloxone (0.1
      mg/kg sc) significantly (P less than 0.01) accelerated gastric emptying of milk
      and meals containing fat but did not modify gastric emptying of nonfat meals. The
      CCK antagonist asperlicin (0.1 mg/kg ip) increased by 25% gastric emptying of
      milk. The gastric emptying of meals containing glucose and casein but not fat was
      reduced after administration of the COOH-terminal octapeptide of cholecystokinin
      (CCK-8, 4 micrograms/kg ip). This decrease was antagonized by both asperlicin (10
      mg/kg ip) and naloxone (0.1 mg/kg sc). Intracerebroventricular (icv)
      administration of an opiate antagonist that poorly crosses the blood-brain
      barrier, methyl levallorphan (10 micrograms/kg), did not modify gastric emptying
      of milk but accelerated it when peripherally administered (0.1 mg/kg sc).
      Similarly, asperlicin (icv) administered at a dose of 1 mg/kg did not affect milk
      emptying. These results indicate that endogenous opiates are involved at
      peripheral levels in the regulation of gastric emptying of fat meals only and
      that such regulation involves release of CCK.

PMID- 3407775
TI  - Neurohumoral control of villous motility.
AB  - A quantitative videomicroscopic method was used to examine neurohumoral control
      of villous motility. Intraduodenal instillation of saline, 0.4% hydrochloric
      acid, or acidified predigested food did not cause a significant change in villous
      contraction frequency in an isolated segment of jejunum. Villous motility in the
      jejunum of fed dogs, from which the chyme had been removed, was not greater than
      that in fasted dogs (2.9 +/- 0.3 vs. 3.4 +/- 0.5 contractions/min). Furthermore,
      acid extracts of the duodenal mucosa did not produce an increase in jejunal
      villous motility when injected intravenously. These data argue against the
      existence of a humoral stimulant of villous motility (villikinin). Vagotomy
      caused only a small (20%) and transient (10 min) decline in villous motility.
      Vagal stimulation at 5, 10, and 20 Hz caused villous motility to increase by 24
      +/- 7, 23 +/- 9, and 32 +/- 10%, respectively. Atropine blocked the effects of
      vagal stimulation. Section of the periarterial (sympathetic) nerves did not alter
      villous contractile activity. Stimulation of the periarterial nerves at 5, 10,
      and 20 Hz caused villous contraction frequency to decline by 41 +/- 5, 45 +/- 5,
      and 38 +/- 10%, respectively. This inhibition appears to involve both alpha- and
      beta-adrenergic receptors and a reduction in blood flow. Neither atropine, alpha
      blockade, nor beta-blockade produced a sustained alteration in basal contraction
      frequency.

PMID- 3407776
TI  - Adenosine plays a role in food-induced jejunal hyperemia.
AB  - The aim of this study is to determine the role of adenosine in postprandial
      hyperemia in the jejunum of anesthetized dogs. The effect of two adenosine
      antagonists, aminophylline and 8-phenyltheophylline, on the vascular responses to
      intra-arterial infusion of adenosine and luminal placement of food was
      determined. The effect of aminophylline on the food-induced hyperemia was found
      to be dependent on motility. Aminophylline had no effect on the hyperemia when
      motility was high but inhibited the hyperemia when motility was low.
      Vasodilations produced by intra-arterial infusions of adenosine, however, were
      attenuated by aminophylline regardless of the level of motility. The more potent
      and specific adenosine antagonist, 8-phenyltheophylline, also inhibited both
      adenosine- and food-induced vasodilations. This inhibition occurred whether the
      intestinal motility was high or low. In conclusion, adenosine receptor blockade
      inhibits jejunal food-induced hyperemia, and adenosine may play a role in the
      hyperemia. The effect of aminophylline was complicated by motility.

PMID- 3407777
TI  - A simple method for chronic cannulation of the portal vein in intact unrestrained
      rats.
AB  - A simple new method is described for chronic cannulation of the portal vein in
      rats. A Silastic catheter (0.64 mm OD) with an internal metallic leader is
      directly inserted in the junction of the two small ileal veins. The catheter is
      advanced into the mesenteric vein to the portal vein. Then the leader is removed
      and the catheter tunneled out the back of the neck. This method allows for the
      measurement of portal vein pressure, direct injection of substances in the portal
      vein, or blood samples for at least 1 wk in intact unrestrained rats. Validation
      included the presence of elevated portal vein pressure in portal hypertensive
      rats compared with normal rats and the absence of clot development in the portal
      vein. This method should help provide a better understanding of hepatic
      physiology and pharmacology in normal and disease states.

PMID- 3407778
TI  - Intestinal anaphylaxis: in vivo and in vitro studies of the rat proximal colon.
AB  - The response of the rat proximal colon to an immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated
      hypersensitivity reaction was examined. Rats were sensitized to egg albumin (EA)
      by intraperitoneal injection, and serum titers of specific anti-EA IgE were
      measured at 14 days. Sensitized animals had titers of greater than or equal to
      1:64, whereas no anti-EA IgE antibodies were detected in controls. Water and
      electrolyte absorption in the proximal colon, before and during antigen
      challenge, was measured by in vivo marker perfusion. Antigen challenge resulted
      in significant inhibition of water, Na+, Cl-, and K+ absorption in vivo. Proximal
      colonic tissue from sensitized and control animals was studied in Ussing chambers
      under short-circuited conditions. Antigen challenge of sensitized tissue resulted
      in significant increases in short-circuit current due to the induction of active
      Cl- secretion. No such changes were seen in control tissue. The abnormalities
      induced by antigen challenge in tissue from sensitized animals was blocked by
      doxantrazole (10(-3) M), a mast cell stabilizer. The findings indicate that IgE
      mediated reactions in rat proximal colon to a food protein cause pertubations in
      water and electrolyte transport secondary to active Cl- secretion and these
      abnormalities appear to be due to mast cell degranulation.

PMID- 3407779
TI  - Effect of pH on chloride absorption in the flounder intestine.
AB  - Chloride absorption in the small intestine of the winter flounder,
      Pseudopleuronectes americanus, is reported to be sensitive to ambient pH. We
      studied this sensitivity in isolated stripped intestinal mucosa mounted in
      modified Ussing chambers. Unidirectional 36Cl fluxes (JClm----s, JCls----m) were
      measured under short-circuited conditions in bathing solutions containing various
      combinations of HCO3- (0-20 mM), partial pressure of CO2 (0-36 mmHg), and pH
      (6.77-7.85). We found that JClm----s, net 36Cl flux (JClnet), and short-circuit
      current (Isc) increased and JCls----m decreased predominately in response to
      increases in bathing solution pH. There was a linear relationship between pH and
      both JClnet (r = 0.92, P less than 0.01) and Isc (r = 0.96, P less than 0.005)
      between pH 6.77 and 7.74. The pH effect was completely reversible, did not
      require either CO2 or HCO3-, and was not affected by the presence of mucosal
      barium at 1 mM. Mucosal bumetanide (0.1 mM) completely inhibited the pH effect.
      These data suggest that the process by which Cl- is absorbed in the flounder
      intestine is sensitive to pH. The data do not indicate whether pH affects Na+-K+
      2Cl- cotransport or a Cl- transport pathway in series with this process. The
      direction of Cl- absorption in response to pH contrasts with inverse relation of
      pH and Cl- absorption in mammalian small intestine.

PMID- 3407780
TI  - Na+-glycine cotransport in canalicular liver plasma membrane vesicles.
AB  - By use of purified rat canalicular liver plasma membrane (cLPM) vesicles, the
      present study determined the driving forces for glycine transport across this
      membrane domain. Initial rates of [3H]glycine uptake (10 microM) in cLPM vesicles
      were stimulated by an inwardly directed Na+ gradient but not by a K+ gradient.
      Na+ gradient-dependent uptake of glycine demonstrated cation specificity for Na+,
      dependence on extravesicular Cl-, stimulation by an intravesicular-negative
      membrane potential, and inhibition by dissipation of the Na+ gradient with
      gramicidin D. Na+ gradient-dependent glycine cotransport also demonstrated
      greater sensitivity to inhibition by sarcosine than 2-(methylamino)-isobutyric
      acid. Accelerated exchange diffusion of [3H]glycine was demonstrated in the
      presence of Na+ when cLPM vesicles were preloaded with glycine but not with L
      alanine or L-proline. Substrate velocity analysis of net Na+-dependent
      [3H]glycine uptake over the range of amino acid concentrations from 5 microM to 5
      mM demonstrated two saturable transport systems, one of high capacity (2.2 +/-
      0.2 nmol.mg protein-1.15 s-1) and low affinity (11.2 +/- 1.7 mM) and one of low
      capacity (51 +/- 14 pmol.mg protein.15 s-1) and comparatively high affinity (66
      +/- 12 microM). These results indicate that, in addition to previously described
      neutral and anionic amino acid transport systems, Na+ gradient-dependent glycine
      transport mechanisms are present on the canalicular domain of the liver plasma
      membrane. These canalicular reabsorptive mechanisms may serve to reclaim some of
      the glycine generated within the canalicular lumen from the intrabiliary
      hydrolysis of glutathione.

PMID- 3407781
TI  - Passive NaCl transport in the flounder urinary bladder: predominance of a
      cellular pathway.
AB  - The urinary bladder of the winter flounder is a high-resistance epithelium that
      can absorb Na and Cl in an electrically silent manner. This active absorption
      (mucosa-to-serosa) of NaCl is, apparently uniquely, inhibited by mucosal
      hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ). These experiments evaluated the notion that virtually
      all of the cellular Na and Cl permeation could be inhibited by mucosal HCTZ.
      Mucosal Ba2+ reduced the transepithelial conductance from 0.74 +/- 0.08 to 0.60
      +/- 0.06 mS/cm2. Mucosal HCTZ reduced the serosa-to-mucosa flux (backflux) of Na
      from 0.70 +/- 0.08 to 0.29 +/- 0.03 mueq.cm-2.h-1 and the backflux of Cl from
      1.92 +/- 0.22 to 0.38 +/- 0.03 mueq.cm-2.h-1. The treatment with these two agents
      caused the sum of the partial ionic conductances for Na and Cl to approximate the
      measured transepithelial conductance. In response to the imposition of a
      transepithelial voltage, the HCTZ-insensitive Na and Cl backfluxes behaved
      largely as predicted by the laws of simple ionic diffusion, although there was
      still a detectable cellular backflux. As judged from dilution voltages and tracer
      fluxes, the diffusional (paracellular) pathway(s) is nonselective for Na and Cl.
      The HCTZ-sensitive cellular Na and Cl backfluxes are dependent on the presence of
      mucosal Na and Cl. Neither backflux is significantly inhibited by serosal
      application of commonly used inhibitors of Na or Cl transport. The results
      demonstrate that the majority of passive Na and Cl flux is via a cellular
      pathway. The translocation across the apical membrane probably involves the same
      NaCl cotransport process responsible for NaCl absorption.

PMID- 3407782
TI  - Urea flux in the ureter.
AB  - It has been hypothesized that urea from the final urine is recycled into the
      renal papilla through the pelvic epithelium. To test this hypothesis, samples of
      urine were collected by micropuncture proximally and distally through the intact,
      contracting ureter of the anesthetized rat. In 12 rats, in which urine flow was
      5.89 +/- 0.67 microliter/min (a moderate antidiuresis), the ratio of proximal-to
      distal urea concentration, corrected for water movement, was 0.93 +/- 0.03 (P
      less than 0.01 compared with unity), indicating that approximately 7% of urea in
      the urine emerging from the terminal collecting duct was reabsorbed by the time
      it reached the distal ureter. To assess the possible contribution of urea
      reabsorption by the ureter, the ureter was cannulated proximally and distally and
      perfused with urine of known composition at 6.26 +/- 0.10 microliter/min. In nine
      rats, the ratio of urea concentration in the perfusate collected from the distal
      end of the ureter to that in the perfusate entering the proximal end was 0.93 +/-
      0.02 (P less than 0.01 compared with unity), indicating 7% reabsorption. Movement
      of solute across the ureteral epithelium was not restricted to urea. Potassium
      and creatinine were also reabsorbed [3.4 +/- 0.9 (P less than 0.01) and 3.5 +/-
      1.2% (P less than 0.05), respectively], whereas sodium was secreted [9.2 +/- 2.3%
      (P less than 0.01)].(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3407783
TI  - Effect of feeding on glomerular filtration rate and proteinuria in conscious
      aging rats.
AB  - Food intake increases glomerular filtration and proteinuria in adult rats. That
      this postprandial hyperfiltration could be age dependent was investigated in 3-,
      10-, 20-, and 30-mo-old rats. Glomerular filtration rate and protein excretion
      were measured in fed or 24 h fasted conscious animals. In the 3-mo-old rats food
      ingestion increased renal filtration by 45% from 1.17 +/- 0.08 to 1.73 +/- 0.11
      ml.min-1.g kidney wt-1 (n = 6). As the animals became older, the differences
      between fed and fasted periods became smaller: in 30-mo-old rats glomerular
      filtration rate was 0.85 +/- 0.03 and 1.01 +/- 0.06 ml.min-1.g kidney wt-1 (n =
      6) in fasted and fed conditions, respectively. Proteinuria, which was mainly
      albuminuria, increased slightly with age and was more markedly reduced by acute
      food restriction in the 30-mo-old than in the 3-mo-old rats. Because the renin
      angiotensin system activity decreases with age, its role in postprandial
      hyperfiltration was assessed by measuring glomerular filtration in 3-mo-old
      animals whose angiotensin II converting-enzyme activity was chronically inhibited
      by daily administration of perindopril. In such experimental conditions there was
      no longer a difference in renal filtration between fed and fasted rats. These
      data indicate that 1) postprandial increase in glomerular filtration is to some
      extent related to the renin-angiotensin system activity; 2) short-term reduction
      of food intake reduces proteinuria even in senescent rats, although the feeding
      dependence of the glomerular filtration is blunted with age.

PMID- 3407784
TI  - Developmental changes in the tubular capacity for phosphate reabsorption in the
      rat.
AB  - The need for young, immature animals to maintain positive phosphate balance for
      growth is well known. However, whether this process involves changes in the
      intrinsic capacity of the kidney to reabsorb phosphate is not clear. In the
      present study, the maximum capacity of phosphate reabsorption [Max RPi/glomerular
      filtration rate (GFR)] was measured in four groups of rats at different stages of
      development, from weanling to adulthood (3-4, 5-6, 10-14, and 52 wk of age).
      Clearance experiments were performed in acutely thyroparathyroidectomized (TPTX)
      rats in the presence and absence of fixed levels of parathyroid hormone
      (synthetic PTH-(1-34), 1 U.kg-1.min-1). Max RPi/GFR was determined with
      progressive infusions of phosphate (0-6 mumol Pi/min) that raised the filtered
      load of phosphate. Max RPi/GFR in TPTX 3- to 4- and 5- to 6-wk-old rats (5.55 +/-
      0.36 and 4.28 +/- 0.18 mumol/ml, respectively) was significantly greater than in
      the corresponding 52-wk-old rats (3.51 +/- 0.13 mumol/ml, P less than 0.05). PTH
      decreased the Max RPi/GFR in all age groups. However, the developmental pattern
      was maintained, with the highest levels present in the youngest rats (2.79 +/-
      0.25 mumol/ml, P less than 0.05) compared with the other age groups (1.92 +/-
      0.23, 1.35 +/- 0.11, and 1.15 +/- 0.13 mumol/ml for 5- to 6-, 10- to 14-, and 52
      wk-old rats, respectively). These results demonstrate that the tubular capacity
      for phosphate reabsorption per milliliter GFR is enhanced in immature rats and
      progressively decreases with age. This PTH-independent adaptation in young rats
      may contribute to the renal retention of phosphate during growth.

PMID- 3407785
TI  - Innervation of the thick ascending limb of Henle.
AB  - The overlap of accumulations of autoradiographic grains (AAGs) on profiles of the
      thick ascending limb of Henle (TALH) was measured in autoradiograms of sections
      from rat kidneys with monoaminergic nerves labeled by means of tritiated
      norepinephrine. The amount of AAG overlap was used as an indirect means of
      quantifying innervation along the TALHs of superficial, mid-cortical, and
      juxtamedullary nephrons. The density of innervation along the TALH showed nephron
      heterogeneity; the juxtamedullary nephrons with a high pre- and
      postjuxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) TALH density of innervation and the upper and
      midcortical nephrons with high TALH innervation densities at the level of the
      JGA. The pre-JGA TALH of the juxtamedullary nephrons had a significantly higher
      (P less than 0.001) density of innervation than the midcortical or superficial
      nephrons. The TALHs of juxtamedullary nephrons were found to have substantially
      more innervation than the TALHs of the other nephrons. For all three populations
      of nephrons, the pre-JGA TALH had the greatest amount of innervation. Neural
      regulation of TALH function would occur mainly along the pre-JGA and level of the
      JGA TALH. This regulation would increase TALH NaCl reabsorption (decrease luminal
      NaCl concentration) and therefore influence 1) the urinary concentrating
      mechanism, and 2) renin secretion via the macula densa mechanism. The innervation
      of the TALH was predominantly associated with the vasculature of the TALH's own
      nephron. However, innervation associated with medullary ray capillary beds from
      deeper nephrons was observed on pre-JGA TALHs from superficial and midcortical
      nephrons.

PMID- 3407786
TI  - Forward diastolic flow in pulmonary artery induced by right atrial contraction of
      pig hearts.
AB  - To study whether right atrial contraction can forward blood into the pulmonary
      artery during diastole, blood volume was expanded in anesthetized open-chest pigs
      until mean right atrial pressure was 13-20 mmHg (range). In the control
      situation, blood flow in the pulmonary artery was only observed during
      ventricular systole. Forward diastolic pulmonary artery flow, coinciding with
      right atrial contraction, was observed when diastolic pulmonary artery pressure
      was reduced during selectively increased left-side contractility, during
      bradycardia after propranolol injection (0.5 mg/kg body wt iv), and during the
      prolonged diastolic interval after spontaneously occurring atrial extrasystoles.
      The prolongation of the diastolic interval in all three series caused the
      diastolic pulmonary artery pressure to decline and the filling of the right
      atrium to increase, thus further stimulating the right atrial Frank-Starling
      mechanism. The diastolic blood flow in the pulmonary artery constituted 11% of
      the stroke volume during increased left-side inotropic stimulation, 8% during
      bradycardia, and 6% in beats preceded by a prolonged diastolic interval. Thus, in
      the normal heart, blood can be ejected into the pulmonary artery during right
      atrial contraction.

PMID- 3407787
TI  - Red cell velocity during functional hyperemia: implications for rheology and
      oxygen transport.
AB  - Muscle blood flow increases during work. Any associated change in blood velocity
      that occurs during functional hyperemia can have profound effects on wall shear
      rate and arteriolar hemoglobin saturations. We measured arteriolar red cell
      velocity and cross-sectional area during muscle contraction to determine the
      physiological significance of any of these changes in calculations of wall shear
      rate and the in situ spectrophotometric measurement of hemoglobin oxygen
      saturation. Calculated cremaster muscle blood flow increased 64-236% during
      twitch and tetanic stimulation, respectively, which was due entirely to an
      increase in cross-sectional area, with muscle work producing little change in
      either the red cell velocity or the calculated wall shear rate. Small changes
      ranging from a 3% increase to a 4% decrease in hemoglobin saturation were evident
      in second- and third-order arterioles, which apparently reflects offsetting
      effects of the increase in metabolic rate and the increase in arteriolar blood
      volume. A simple model explaining the microcirculatory adjustments made during
      muscle work requires dilation of both feed arteries and arterioles if red cell
      velocity is to remain constant during hyperemia.

PMID- 3407788
TI  - Influence of dehydration on locally mediated hindlimb vasodilation in baboons.
AB  - Previous studies indicate that the heat stress-induced cutaneous vasodilation in
      baboons is attenuated during dehydration by mechanisms other than the well-known
      neurohumoral vasoconstrictor mechanisms. Therefore, this study sought to
      determine whether dehydration also attenuates locally mediated maximum hindlimb
      blood flow and vascular conductance in baboons. Five baboons were chronically
      instrumented to measure arterial blood pressure and mean external iliac artery
      blood flow (MIBF). Hindlimb vasodilation was induced by occlusions of the
      external iliac artery for 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0 min and by close-arterial
      injections of acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside (NP) in graded doses.
      These vasodilatory stimuli were applied in euhydrated and dehydrated states, the
      latter being produced by water deprivation for 64-68 h. Maximum MIBF and iliac
      vascular conductance (IVC) after arterial occlusion were reduced by 67-70% during
      dehydration. Also, maximum MIBF and IVC produced by ACh in the dehydrated state
      were 46-52% lower than in the euhydrated state. A similar reduction in the
      responses to NP occurred during dehydration. It is concluded that the maximum
      hindlimb blood flow and vascular conductance produced by local, nonneurohumoral
      mechanisms are attenuated in the baboon during dehydration.

PMID- 3407789
TI  - Pump perfusion abolishes autoregulation possibly via prostaglandin release.
AB  - The influence of pump perfusion on autoregulation was studied in the hindleg of
      the halothane- and chloralose-anesthetized cat. Flow was measured with an
      electromagnetic flow probe in a tube between aorta and the vascularly isolated,
      denervated leg and varied with a calibrated occluder. Perfusion pressure was
      measured via a T-piece distal to the occluder. The steady-state pressure-flow
      relations could be fit with a sigmoidal curve. The mean closed-loop gain (0 less
      than Gc less than 1) for autoregulation in six cats was 0.46 +/- 0.11 (SD). When
      in these cats a roller pump was used, an almost linear pressure-flow relation was
      found (Gc = 0.01 +/- 0.09), while the resistance at control flow was decreased by
      15 +/- 4%. Administration of indomethacin (5 mg/kg iv), a cyclooxygenase
      inhibitor, partly restored autoregulation during pumping (Gc = 0.34 +/- 0.09) and
      slowly increased the resistance to above its original value (20 +/- 13%). In six
      other cats, pump perfusion had no influence on autoregulation when started after
      indomethacin administration but resistance increased. This increase could not be
      prevented with ketanserin, a specific serotonin 2 receptor blocker. We conclude
      that pump perfusion abolishes autoregulation and decreases resistance via a
      process that involves prostaglandins. Blockade of the prostaglandin synthesis
      unmasks a slow vasoconstrictor influence in the bed.

PMID- 3407790
TI  - Excitatory cholinergic innervation in canine portal and mesenteric veins.
AB  - A possibility that the canine portal and mesenteric veins may have an excitatory
      cholinergic innervation similar to that observed in the middle segment of the
      inferior vena cava (IVC) was investigated. After adrenergic blockade with
      prazosin, contractile responses of isolated longitudinal strips of the portal and
      mesenteric veins to transmural electrical stimulation were greatly diminished.
      Subsequent anticholinesterase (neostigmine or physostigmine) treatment, however,
      revealed in the nerve-evoked contraction a component that was antagonized by
      atropine. The same phenomenon was also observed in circular strips of the portal
      and mesenteric veins but was absent in those of the external jugular, saphenous,
      and splenic veins. In accord with the results of nerve stimulation, concentration
      response curves of acetylcholine-induced contraction were shifted leftward by
      neostigmine in strips of the portal and mesenteric veins as well as of the middle
      segment of IVC. In contrast, no shift was observed in 12 other different sites of
      the venous system. Cholinesterase staining demonstrated positively stained smooth
      muscle and nerve fibers in the portal and mesenteric veins and in the middle
      segment of IVC. These findings indicate the existence of excitatory cholinergic
      innervation in the portal and mesenteric veins, which may reflect the common
      embryological origin of smooth muscle of these veins with the intestinal muscle.

PMID- 3407791
TI  - Augmentation of contraction in remote nonischemic zone during acute ischemia.
AB  - We studied how left ventricular loading conditions and the size of the ischemic
      zone affect regional segmental shortening (% delta L) in ischemic (IZ) and remote
      nonischemic zones (NZ) after acute coronary occlusion. Distal and proximal
      portions of the left anterior descending artery (group I, 10 dogs) or the left
      circumflex artery (group II, 10 dogs) were occluded in two stages. Segment length
      sonomicrometers were placed in the distal and proximal IZ and in the distal and
      proximal NZ. % delta L was divided into isovolumic and ejection phases. Left
      ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) was decreased 3 +/- 1 mmHg by blood
      withdrawal and then increased 6 +/- 2 mmHg by blood transfusion before and after
      distal and proximal coronary occlusions. LVEDP was brought back to its initial
      value before distal and proximal coronary occlusions. Regional blood flow and
      total blood flow deficit were measured with microspheres. Similar results were
      obtained in group I and II experiments. After coronary occlusion, the IZ showed
      systolic bulging occurring primarily in isovolumic systole. In the NZ, total and
      isovolumic % delta L increased from control, whereas ejection % delta L did not
      change. As LVEDP was raised, IZ isovolumic bulging decreased and ejection % delta
      L was unchanged, whereas NZ isovolumic % delta L decreased and ejection % delta L
      increased. Thus IZ bulging and NZ isovolumic % delta L changed in opposite
      directions when load was varied. The larger IZ after proximal coronary occlusion
      tended to increase the amount of NZ isovolumic % delta L. In conclusion, at low
      LVEDP NZ augmentation is predominantly caused by an increase in isovolumic %
      delta L, whereas if LVEDP is increased it is because of an increase in ejection %
      delta L. In addition, in open-chest animals augmented contraction in the NZ may
      be related to the size of the IZ.

PMID- 3407792
TI  - Inotropic responses change during postnatal maturation in rabbit.
AB  - Inotropic response to four different types of pharmacological stimuli were
      compared in isolated right ventricular papillary muscles from newborn (24-48 h of
      age), immature (14-16 days), and adult (6-7 mo) rabbits. Forskolin, a direct
      activator of adenylate cyclase, produced a 12.5-fold increase in the maximal rate
      of tension development in the newborn group. The maximum response to
      isoproterenol was only 45% of the maximum forskolin response, suggesting
      incomplete physiological coupling of myocardial beta-adrenergic receptors to
      adenylate cyclase at birth. In contrast to the substantial inotropic response to
      agents that stimulate adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) generation
      (forskolin and isoproterenol), a selective inhibitor of cAMP hydrolysis
      (milrinone) was relatively ineffective in the newborn group. Sulmazole, a drug
      that enhances calcium sensitivity of the contractile proteins, produced its
      greatest inotropic effect in immature myocardium. Cytosolic high-affinity cAMP
      phosphodiesterase activity was partially purified from ventricular homogenates by
      anion-exchange chromatography. The kinetics of cAMP hydrolysis (Km and Vmax) and
      inhibitory potency of milrinone were comparable in each age group. Thus the age
      related differences in inotropic responsiveness may not be attributable to
      postnatal changes in myocardial cytosolic high-affinity cAMP phosphodiesterase
      activity.

PMID- 3407793
TI  - Relation between cytosolic free calcium and respiratory rates in cardiac
      myocytes.
AB  - Rates of O2 uptake of isolated rat cardiac myocytes were determined as a function
      of cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]c) that was estimated from
      intracellular quin2 fluorescence. [Ca2+]c was increased by depolarization with K+
      or veratridine. In each case, there was a correlation between increase in [Ca2+]c
      and stimulation of O2 uptake. Apparent exception seen on raising K+ were resolved
      on the of an effect of osmolality on O2 uptake rates. Increase in O2 uptake and
      [Ca2+]c by veratridine was sensitive to variation of extracellular Na+, Ca2+, and
      pH in a way that suggests a major involvement of the Na+-Ca2+ exchange: partial
      inhibition by 2.7 microM verapamil and total inhibition by 30 microM 3',4'
      dichlorobenzamil were consistent with this conclusion. Attempts were made to
      assess the quantitative significance of direct activation of respiration by Ca2+
      at the level of mitochondrial dehydrogenases vs. an indirect mechanism involving
      increased ADP generation. Ruthenium red, which blocks the former process but not
      the latter, gave a small decrease in O2 uptake rates. However, activation of
      oxidative phosphorylation by ADP was predominant under these conditions of
      profound and sustained depolarization, based on a lowered mitochondrial NADH
      content in response to veratridine.

PMID- 3407794
TI  - Sympathetic activation induces asynchronous contraction in awake dogs with
      regional denervation.
AB  - To determine effects of regional left ventricular (LV) denervation on regional
      contractile responses to sympathetic activation, dogs with posterior LV wall
      denervation (posterior wall-denervated group) and dogs with innervated posterior
      LV walls (intact group) were studied during excitement, exercise, bilateral
      sympathetic nerve stimulation, and norepinephrine infusion. In intact conscious
      dogs, all modes of sympathetic activation increased the magnitude and decreased
      the time of onset of systolic wall thickening (WT) similarly in the anterior and
      posterior wall. In the denervated group, excitement failed to increase posterior
      WT during systole but instead elicited asynchronous contraction, i.e.,
      postsystolic WT, as well as delayed onset of contraction. Asynchronous
      contraction was not observed with excitement after beta-adrenergic receptor
      blockade. Asynchronous contraction of the posterior wall was also observed during
      the initial phase of exercise in conscious dogs and during bilateral stellate
      stimulation in anesthetized dogs in the posterior wall-denervated group. In
      comparison to neural activation, adrenergic receptor activation with
      norepinephrine (0.2 microgram/kg-1.min-1 iv) induced a supersensitive increase in
      systolic WT in the denervated posterior wall (36 +/- 5%) compared with the
      anterior wall (17 +/- 2%) and a delay in the end of contraction in the anterior
      region. Thus asynchronous contraction can be elicited in dogs with regional LV
      denervation as a result of an early and enhanced contraction in the innervated
      region during neural sympathetic activation. The reverse was observed with
      systemic administration of norepinephrine because of catecholamine
      supersensitivity in the denervated posterior wall.

PMID- 3407795
TI  - Similar normalized Emax and O2 consumption-pressure-volume area relation in
      rabbit and dog.
AB  - The end-systolic pressure-volume relation (ESPVR), a measure of ventricular
      contractile state, and systolic pressure-volume area (PVA), a primary determinant
      of cardiac oxygen consumption per beat (VO2), have been derived from the pressure
      volume diagram of the cross-circulated dog left ventricle. The slope of the PVA
      VO2 relation represents the efficiency of chemomechanical energy transduction of
      the contractile machinery. To see whether these relationships were similar in
      other animals, we studied the isovolumic ESPVR and the VO2-PVA relation in nine
      excised, cross-circulated rabbit left ventricles. The base-line ESPVR was linear
      (r = 0.94-0.99) with the slope (Emax) and volume-axis intercept (V0) equal to
      83.4 +/- 18.3 mmHg/ml and 0.43 +/- 0.17 ml, respectively. When normalized for
      left ventricular weight, Emax (4.1 +/- 1.1 mmHg.ml-1.100 g) and V0 (8.9 +/- 3.7
      ml/100 g) were similar to values reported for the dog left ventricle. The
      correlation between PVA and VO2 was linear (r = 0.93-1.00), and the slope (1.90 X
      10(-5) +/- 0.44 X 10(-5) ml O2.mmHg-1.ml-1) and VO2-axis intercept (0.040 +/-
      0.009 ml O2.beat-1.100 g-1) were similar to values found in the dog left
      ventricle. Hence, despite the greatly different heart size, the base-line
      contractile state and chemomechanical energy conversion efficiency of the
      excised, cross-circulated rabbit left ventricle are similar to those of the dog
      left ventricle.

PMID- 3407796
TI  - Reabsorption kinetics of albumin from pleural space of dogs.
AB  - The reabsorption of albumin from the pleural space was measured in eight dogs
      receiving 0.5 ml intrapleural injection of 131I-labeled albumin and a
      simultaneous intravenous injection of 125I-labeled albumin. Plasma curves for
      both tracers were obtained over 24 h. The 125I-albumin curve served as input
      function of albumin for interstitial spaces, including pleura, whereas the 131I
      albumin curve represented the output function from pleural space. The frequency
      function of albumin transit times from pleural space to plasma was obtained by
      deconvolution of input-output plasma curves. Plasma recovery of 131I-albumin was
      complete by 24 h, and the mean transit time from pleura to plasma averaged 7.95
      +/- 1.57 (SD) h. Albumin reabsorption occurred mainly via lymphatics as indicated
      by experiments in 16 additional dogs in which their right lymph ducts or thoracic
      ducts were ligated before intrapleural injection. A pleural lymph flow of 0.020
      +/- 0.003 (SD) ml.kg-1.h-1 was estimated, which is balanced by a comparable
      filtration of fluid into the pleural space. This suggests that, under
      physiological conditions, the subpleural lymphatics represent an important
      control mechanism of pleural liquid pressure.

PMID- 3407797
TI  - Accuracy of volume measurement of rabbit left ventricle by balloon method.
AB  - Although the intraventricular balloon method has been commonly used to measure
      left ventricular volume of the isolated heart preparation of various animals, the
      accuracy of the method has not been examined in the ventricle of small animals
      such as the rabbit. To assess the accuracy of the intraventricular balloon method
      in measuring left ventricular volume, we measured the space between the balloon
      inflated in the left ventricle and the endocardial surface in eight Formalin
      fixed rabbit left ventricles. The space was only 0.05-0.12 ml (1.5-3.6% of total
      left ventricular volume) at intraballoon pressures of 40-160 mmHg. However, it
      increased to 0.37 ml (14.6% of total ventricular volume) with a decrease in
      pressure to 5 mmHg. We conclude that the intraventricular balloon method
      accurately measures left ventricular volume in the rabbit, especially in the high
      pressure range.

PMID- 3407798
TI  - Ingestive behavior in preweanling rats: emergence of postgastric controls.
AB  - Previous studies have indicated that the termination of intake in very young rat
      pups is controlled almost exclusively by the level of gastric fill; nutritive
      cues from diet have no effect on intake. In the present series of experiments, we
      investigated the ontogeny of postgastric nutritive controls of intake in rat pups
      ingesting independent of their dam. In 6-day-old pups, the level of gastric fill
      required to terminate ingestion was not affected by the presence or absence of
      post-gastric nutritive cues, but by 15 days of age a greater level of gastric
      fill was required to stop ingestion when postgastric cues were eliminated by a
      closed pyloric noose. This emergent post-gastric contribution to the inhibition
      of intake in 15-day-old pups does not depend on preexisting gastric fill signals,
      as sham-feeding pups (open gastric fistula) with nutrients in their intestines
      ingested less than pups without intestinal nutrients. These results provide
      evidence that postgastric controls of ingestive behavior mature during the
      postnatal period and just shortly before they are required at weaning.

PMID- 3407799
TI  - Lipoprotein lipase in white and brown adipose tissues of exercised rats fed a
      high-fat diet.
AB  - The combined effects of a high-fat-supplemented diet and exercise training on
      serum lipids as well as on lipoprotein lipase activity in white and brown adipose
      tissues of the rat were evaluated. Male Wistar rats were fed ad libitum either a
      stock diet or the stock diet supplemented with food items rich in fat. Half of
      each dietary group was submitted to daily treadmill running for 35 days. Food
      intake and final body weight were raised by the high-fat-supplemented diet and
      lowered by exercise training. Postprandial serum triglycerides were not affected
      by diet or exercise, whereas the latter decreased total cholesterol in the high
      fat group only (14%, P less than 0.01). Total lipoprotein lipase activity in
      white adipose tissue was elevated (120%, P less than 0.01) by high-fat feeding,
      and this increase was greatly reduced by concomitant exercise training. In brown
      adipose tissue, however, the large elevation (104%, P less than 0.01) in enzyme
      activity brought by the high-fat diet was unaltered by concomitant training. Thus
      a high-fat-supplemented diet increased lipoprotein lipase activity in both an
      energy-storing and a heat-producing tissue, and exercise training was able to
      counteract this effect in white, but not in brown, adipose tissue. These findings
      support the notion that the regulation of lipoprotein lipase is tissue specific.

PMID- 3407800
TI  - Melatonin administration entrains female rat activity rhythms in constant
      darkness but not in constant light.
AB  - In female rats the luteinizing hormone (LH) is timed by the circadian system and
      is followed by a display of intense, estrogen-induced running behavior. This
      proestrous running on the night of ovulation can be used as a marker of the
      estrous cycle. Entrainment of the mammalian circadian system by exogenous
      melatonin (MT) has been demonstrated only in the activity rhythms of male rats.
      The present experiments were designed to study the effect of daily MT injections
      on activity rhythms and proestrous running of female rats in 1) continuous dim
      white light (LL) and 2) continuous darkness (DD). In LL, MT injections (50
      micrograms/kg or 1 mg/kg) had no discernible effect on activity rhythms. In DD,
      four of the six MT-treated rats (100 micrograms/kg) entrained to the injection,
      and a fifth animal showed phase advances in its activity rhythm when onset of
      activity passed through injection time. The sixth animal was not injected with MT
      at activity onset time. None of the six control animals showed either effect. MT
      had no effect on the length of the estrous cycle. Thus MT injections can entrain
      circadian rhythms of activity and proestrous running in female rats in DD but not
      in LL.

PMID- 3407801
TI  - Trabecular bone remodeling after seven days of weightlessness exposure (BIOCOSMOS
      1667).
AB  - Seven male rats were exposed to 7 days of weightlessness in the Soviet mission
      COSMOS 1667 and compared with seven control rats by bone histomorphometric
      methods. In proximal tibial metaphysis, the trabecular bone volume was markedly
      reduced in flight animals. Trabeculae were decreased in number and thickness;
      this probably leads to alteration of bone mechanical properties. Formation
      activity (reflected by measurements of osteoid seams) was decreased at trabecular
      and endosteal levels. Resorption activity (estimated by count of osteoclast
      number and active resorption surfaces using a histoenzymologic method) remained
      unchanged. The imbalance between these cellular activities appears to be
      responsible for the loss of trabecular bone mass. In proximal femoral metaphysis,
      measurements were performed in an area located under the muscular insertions. The
      trabecular bone volume, despite a slight decrease in flight rats, was not
      significantly different from that of control rats. Furthermore, osteoclastic and
      osteoid parameters were unchanged. Differential responses between these two long
      bones need additional investigations. In thoracic and lumbar vertebrae no
      detectable change in bone mass and bone resorption parameters was found.

PMID- 3407802
TI  - Changes in vasopressin and cortisol secretion during operant drinking in
      dehydrated pigs.
AB  - Two studies were carried out to examine endocrine changes during a 60-min period
      of operant drinking in 24-h dehydrated pigs. Measurements were made of water
      intake, osmolality, hematocrit, and plasma concentrations of lysine vasopressin
      (LVP) and cortisol during rehydration (experiment 1) and of fluid intake,
      osmolality, and LVP levels during consumption of isotonic saline (experiment 2).
      Increases in osmolality and LVP produced by dehydration in experiment 1 were
      rapidly reversed during rehydration with the result that osmolality returned to
      predeprivation levels after 20 min and LVP after 30 min, but there was no
      evidence of a decrease in LVP before absorption. Plasma cortisol concentrations
      were unaffected by dehydration although they declined during the final 40 min of
      experiment 1. In experiment 2, osmolality remained elevated during saline
      drinking, but plasma concentrations of LVP declined abruptly. The results suggest
      that oropharyngeal factors inhibiting vasopressin release, revealed during saline
      ingestion, are obscured during normal rehydration as a result of the rapid rate
      at which water is absorbed by the gut in this species.

PMID- 3407803
TI  - Subcellular enzyme binding in glycolytic control: in vivo studies with fish
      muscle.
AB  - The effect of exercise on the binding of glycolytic enzymes to subcellular
      structures was examined in rainbow trout (Salmo gardneri). Both "burst" and
      "endurance" type exercise produced an increase of approximately 50% in the
      percentage of phosphofructokinase (PFK), glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
      (GAPDH), aldolase, and 3-phosphoglycerate kinase associated with particulate
      matter in white skeletal muscle. In contrast, cardiac muscle showed no change in
      enzyme binding when trout were exercised, suggesting that the effects seen in
      white muscle are related to an increased anaerobic glycolytic flux in this
      tissue. Modulation of binding by altered pH or calcium ion concentration was
      tested: a decrease in pH increased PFK binding to subcellular particles, whereas
      2 mM CaCl2 decreased GAPDH binding. These results are discussed with respect to
      the formation of a glycolytic complex during exercise in trout white muscle.

PMID- 3407804
TI  - Effect of burn and first-pass splanchnic leucine extraction on protein kinetics
      in rats.
AB  - The effects of burn and first-pass splanchnic leucine extraction (FPE) on protein
      kinetics and energy expenditure were assessed by measuring O2 consumption, CO2
      production, nitrogen balance, leucine kinetics, and tissue fractional protein
      synthetic rates (FSR-%/day) in enterally fed rats. Anesthetized male rats (200 g)
      were scalded on their dorsum with boiling water (25-30% body surface area) and
      enterally fed isovolemic diets that provided 60 kcal/day and 2.4 g of amino
      acids/day for 3 days. Controls were not burned. An intravenous or intragastric
      infusion of L-[1-14C]leucine was used to assess protein kinetics on day 3. FPE
      was taken as the ratio of intragastric to intravenous plasma leucine specific
      activity. There was a 69% reduction in cumulative nitrogen balance (P less than
      0.001) and a 17-19% increase in leucine oxidation (P less than 0.05) and total
      energy expenditure (P less than 0.01) in burned rats. A 15% decrease in plasma
      leucine clearance (P less than 0.05) was accompanied by a 20% increase in plasma
      [leucine] (P less than 0.01) in burned rats. Burn decreased rectus muscle FSR
      from 5.0 +/- 0.4 to 3.5 +/- 0.5 (P less than 0.05) and increased liver FSR from
      19.0 +/- 0.5 to 39.2 +/- 3.4 (P less than 0.01). First pass extraction of dietary
      leucine by the splanchnic bed was 8% in controls and 26% in burned rats. Leucine
      kinetics corrected for FPE showed increased protein degradation with burn that
      was not evident without FPE correction. This hypermetabolic burn model can be
      useful in the design of enteral diets that optimize rates of protein synthesis
      and degradation.

PMID- 3407805
TI  - In vivo transferrin-iron receptor relationships in erythron of rats.
AB  - Quantitative measurements of transferrin receptors, tissue transferrin, tissue
      iron uptake, and erythroid cellularity have been carried out in rats with altered
      erythropoiesis and altered iron balance. Erythroid receptors increased with
      erythroid hyperplasia, with the increase in proportion to the increased number of
      red cell precursors in phenylhydrazine-treated rats. Receptors increased
      disproportionately in iron deficiency due to both erythroid hyperplasia and an
      increase in receptors in the individual cell. There was a ratio of 1:1 between
      cell-related transferrin and receptors in circulating reticulocytes but a
      disproportionate amount of cell-related transferrin in fixed erythroid tissues
      (marrow and spleen), suggesting that there was some other reason for the
      concentration of transferrin in these tissues. Erythron iron uptake was increased
      in proportion to the increased receptor number in phenylhydrazine-treated animals
      but was reduced in iron deficiency because of the limited amount of iron-bearing
      transferrin. These studies demonstrate the dominant role of erythron cellularity
      and iron status in vivo in determining total receptor number and the importance
      of receptor number and iron supply in tissue iron uptake.

PMID- 3407806
TI  - Effects of melatonin on 2-deoxy-[1-14C]glucose uptake within rat suprachiasmatic
      nucleus.
AB  - Previously, we have demonstrated that metabolic activity, shown by
      autoradiographic determination of 2-deoxy-[1-14C]glucose (2-DG) uptake, within
      the rat hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) was inhibited by subcutaneous
      injection of 1 mg/kg melatonin. To determine whether this effect was specific to
      a particular time of day, the effects of melatonin on 2-DG uptake were studied in
      several hypothalamic areas, including the SCN, supraoptic nuclei (SON), lateral
      hypothalamic area (LHA), and anterior hypothalamic area (AHA) every 4 h
      throughout the circadian day. In a second experiment, the effects of different
      melatonin doses were studied at the time of day at which melatonin had its
      maximal effect to determine the dose-response relationship of melatonin-induced
      inhibition of SCN 2-DG uptake. The data indicate that melatonin inhibited 2-DG
      uptake in the SCN alone at one time of day, primarily at circadian time (CT) 6
      and CT10, 2-6 h before subjective dusk, and secondarily at CT22, just before
      subjective dawn. This effect was dose dependent with a 50% effective dose of 1.49
      +/- 2.30 micrograms/kg. The temporal and dose-response characteristics of these
      effects are similar to those characterizing the entraining effects of melatonin
      on circadian patterns of locomotion and drinking.

PMID- 3407807
TI  - A theory of similitude may predict a metabolic mass exponent.

PMID- 3407808
TI  - The nutrition connection: why doesn't the public know?

PMID- 3407809
TI  - Bridging the gap between community health and school health.

PMID- 3407810
TI  - Calories, fat and cholesterol: intake patterns in the US population by race, sex
      and age.
AB  - Nutrient intakes were investigated for Blacks and Whites using data from the
      NHANES II survey (1976-80). Intake of energy, total fat, saturated fat, dietary
      cholesterol, P/S ratio, and per cent of calories derived from total and saturated
      fat are examined by sex and age, both in absolute terms and per unit of body
      weight. For most age and sex categories, Blacks are found to have a lower intake
      of energy and fats than Whites; however, Blacks have a consistently higher intake
      of dietary cholesterol. The ratio of polyunsaturated fats to saturated fats is
      higher in females than in males, but all age-sex groups are substantially below
      recommended levels. Per cent of calories from total and saturated fat are similar
      in most age-sex groups. Possible explanations of the observed patterns include
      activity level and metabolic differences.

PMID- 3407811
TI  - Parent involvement with children's health promotion: the Minnesota Home Team.
AB  - This study compares the efficacy of a school-based program to an equivalent home
      based program with 2,250 third grade students in 31 urban schools in Minnesota in
      order to detect changes in dietary fat and sodium consumption. The school-based
      program, Hearty Heart and Friends, involved 15 sessions over five weeks in the
      third grade classrooms. The home-based program, the Home Team, involved a five
      week correspondence course with the third graders, where parental involvement was
      necessary in order to complete the activities. Outcome measures included
      anthropometric, psychosocial and behavioral assessments at school, and dietary
      recall, food shelf inventories, and urinary sodium data collected in the
      students' homes. Participation rates for all aspects of the study were notably
      high. Eighty-six per cent of the parents participated in the Home Team and 71 per
      cent (nearly 1,000 families) completed the five-week course. Students in the
      school-based program had gained more knowledge at posttest than students in the
      home-based program or controls. Students in the home-based program, however,
      reported more behavior change, had reduced the total fat, saturated fat, and
      monounsaturated fat in their diets, and had more of the encouraged foods on their
      food shelves. The data converge to suggest the feasibility and importance of
      parental involvement for health behavior changes with children of this age.

PMID- 3407812
TI  - State laws and the practice of lay midwifery.
AB  - A national survey was conducted to assess the current status and characteristics
      of state legislation regulating the practice of lay midwives. As of July 1987, 10
      states have prohibitory laws, five states have grandmother clauses authorizing
      practicing midwives under repealed statutes, five states have enabling laws which
      are not used, and 10 states explicitly permit lay midwives to practice. In the 21
      remaining states, the legal status of midwives is unclear. Much of the enabling
      legislation restricts midwifery practice often resulting in situations similar to
      those in states with prohibitory laws. Given the growth of an extensive
      grassroots movement of lay midwives committed to quality of care, this outcome
      suggests that 21 states with no legislation may provide better opportunities for
      midwifery practice than states with enabling laws.

PMID- 3407813
TI  - Association of electronic fetal monitoring during labor with cesarean section
      rate and with neonatal morbidity and mortality.
AB  - Data from the 1980 National Natality Survey by the National Center for Health
      Statistics were used to assess the relation of electronic fetal monitoring (EFM)
      during labor with cesarean section rates and neonatal morbidity and mortality. In
      univariate analyses, EFM was associated with higher cesarean section rates, lower
      five-minute Apgar scores, and a higher rate of respiratory distress. Logistic
      regression analysis controlling for other risk factors for poor neonatal outcome
      indicated that the association of EFM with higher cesarean section rates
      persisted (odds ratio 1.45, 95% CI 1.16, 1.81), except in certain pregnancies at
      very high risk for cesarean section. EFM was associated with an Apgar score less
      than 6 at five minutes only if delivery was by cesarean section. EFM was not
      found to be independently associated with respiratory distress. Neither
      univariate nor multivariate analyses found an association of EFM with neonatal
      mortality. These results suggest that EFM may identify hypoxic infants, who are
      frequently delivered by cesarean section. The lack of association of EFM with
      beneficial neonatal outcomes is consistent either with lack of effect of EFM or
      with uncontrolled selection bias.

PMID- 3407814
TI  - Child care and children's illness.
AB  - This paper uses nationally representative data from the Child Health Supplement
      of the 1981 National Health Interview Survey to test the hypothesis that the
      larger the groups in which children receive care, the more days per year they
      spend in bed due to illness. We estimate a model of annual bed days for children
      ages six months to two and one-half years old, and separately for children two
      and one-half to five years old. Our results show significantly higher numbers of
      bed days for children in day care centers than for children at home for both age
      groups, controlling for confounding factors. Children in family day care have
      significantly more bed days than those at home, but only among the younger
      sample. The negative effect of family day care is less than that of child care
      centers. Although the relative effect of group care is to increase annual bed
      days by 30 to 19 per cent, the absolute effect is modest with children in group
      care having 1.3 to .6 more bed days per year.

PMID- 3407815
TI  - Acculturation and alcohol consumption among Mexican Americans: a three-generation
      study.
AB  - Data from a three-generation study of Mexican Americans conducted in the San
      Antonio, Texas area are utilized to examine the influence of acculturation into
      the larger society on alcohol consumption. Acculturation was not related to
      alcohol consumption in the older generation. In the middle generation, it was
      related to lower alcohol consumption among men, as well as among women. In the
      younger generation, acculturation was related to more drinking among women, but
      not among men. Within-family analysis showed that the alcohol consumption of
      members of the younger generation was associated with the consumption of their
      parents, particularly in the case of younger women.

PMID- 3407816
TI  - Mortality from lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in New
      Mexico, 1958-82.
AB  - We examined mortality from lung cancer and from chronic obstructive pulmonary
      disease in Hispanic White, Other White, and Native American residents of New
      Mexico during the period 1958-82. Age-specific mortality was calculated by
      combining death certificate data with population estimates based on the 1960,
      1970, and 1980 censuses that were adjusted for inconsistencies in the designation
      of race and ethnicity. In Other Whites, age-adjusted mortality rates from lung
      cancer and from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease increased progressively in
      males and females. Mortality rates for both diseases also increased in Hispanics
      during the study period, but the most recent rates for Hispanics were well below
      those for Other Whites. Age-specific mortality rates for lung cancer declined for
      more recently born Hispanic women at older ages. In Native Americans, rates for
      both diseases were low throughout the study period and did not show consistent
      temporal trends.

PMID- 3407817
TI  - Smoking by blacks and whites: socioeconomic and demographic differences.
AB  - Using data from the 1985 National Health Interview Survey for persons aged 25-64
      years, we controlled simultaneously for socioeconomic status (SES), demographic
      factors, and race in multivariate logistic regression analyses. We found that the
      odds of ever smoking are not higher for Blacks compared with Whites, when the
      other variables are controlled. By contrast, the odds of heavy smoking for Blacks
      are far less than for Whites, while Blacks are significantly less likely than
      Whites to quit smoking regardless of SES or demographic factors. Smoking
      cessation and prevention programs must be planned with these behavioral, SES, and
      demographic differences in mind.

PMID- 3407818
TI  - Awareness, use, and impact of the 1984 Joint National Committee consensus report
      on high blood pressure.
AB  - A random sample of Maryland physicians stratified by practice specialty (family,
      general, internal medicine, cardiology, and nephrology) was surveyed before and
      one year after dissemination of the 1984 Report of the Third Joint National
      Committee on the Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (The
      JNC III Report). Fourty-four per cent of the total eligible sample responded to
      both questionnaires. One year after publication, 62 per cent of physicians
      participating in both parts of the study were aware of the report. Although
      availability of a copy (58 per cent), familiarity with the recommendations (81
      per cent), and the extent to which care was based on the guidelines (65 per cent)
      were high, use of the report in practice (17 per cent) and the amount of change
      in practice behavior required to adhere to the guidelines (18 per cent) were low.
      Prior to publication of the report, more than two-thirds of responding physicians
      were found to be practicing in a manner congruent with nine of ten treatment
      recommendations studied. One year after JNC III's release, they reported practice
      behavior which was not significantly different. It seems that this consensus
      report codified, rather than changed, practice behavior in this sample.

PMID- 3407819
TI  - Diabetes in Utah among adults: interaction between diabetes and other risk
      factors for microvascular and macrovascular complications.
AB  - From a telephone survey of the health status of a random sample of the general
      population of Utah, we identified 255 people with adult onset diabetes. We
      compared them to 622 non-diabetic controls, matched for age, sex, and urban/rural
      country of residence. We examined diabetes as a risk factor for heart diseases,
      stroke, and blindness and its interaction with other known risk factors. Diabetes
      interacted with smoking history so as to increase the risk of stroke, heart
      disease, and blindness. Diabetes also interacted with hypertension in their
      effect on the prevalence of blindness and, to a small extent, heart disease.
      Among the diabetics, duration of diabetes was associated with macrovascular and
      microvascular complications developing after the diagnosis of diabetes. Those
      with longer duration of disease showed an increase in risk for microvascular
      (kidney disease, blindness) and macrovascular (heart disease, stroke,
      amputations) complications. Although the estimates were imprecise, the effect of
      duration on macrovascular complications was greater among diabetics with a
      history of hypertension; the effect on microvascular complications was greater
      among smokers. The findings are compared to previous studies and the utility of
      diabetes prevalence data is discussed.

PMID- 3407821
TI  - Mandatory driver training and road safety: the Quebec experience.
AB  - In January 1983, the Quebec Government made driver training courses mandatory for
      any person seeking a first driver's license. Using accident and licensure data
      over a five-year period, we conducted an evaluation of the impact of the
      enactment of mandatory driver training on: the risk of accident for newly
      licensed drivers; the mortality and morbidity of these accidents; the number of
      new drivers; and the mean age of licensure. Results of our time series analyses
      show that this legislation had no appreciable effect on the risk of accident or
      on the mortality/morbidity rate per accident for newly licensed drivers aged 18
      and over. However, since 1983, the number of women under 18 years of age getting
      their first driver's license has increased by 20 per cent, and their mean age has
      decreased from over 18 to under 18. Mandatory driver training may have increased
      the numbers and risks of accidents for young, primarily female, drivers.

PMID- 3407820
TI  - Years of potential life lost (YPLL) before age 65 in Italy.
AB  - The Italian death rates and years of potential life lost (YPLL) for all causes
      and for 12 selected aggregations of causes are reported for 1979 and 1983, with
      the latter compared to United States data. Cancer is the leading cause of YPLL in
      Italy (23.8 per cent of total YPLL), followed by unintentional injuries (16.3 per
      cent) and heart disease (11.2 per cent). Rates of YPLL for all causes decreased
      12.0 per cent from 1979 to 1983, the strongest declines in absolute terms being
      observed for prematurity and unintentional injuries, and in percentage decline
      for pneumonia and influenza, and infectious diseases; during the same period,
      YPLL for diabetes increased. The rates of YPLL are higher for males than for
      females (rate ratio = 1.9) especially for causes related to lifestyle factors.
      Premature mortality is lower in Italy than in the USA, because of the striking
      difference in mortality from injuries and heart diseases.

PMID- 3407822
TI  - Setting AIDS priorities: the need for a closer alliance of public health and
      clinical approaches toward the control of AIDS.
AB  - The approach to the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) taken by public
      health departments and clinicians varies. Public health programs often neglect
      the human side of AIDS while clinicians often overlook public health issues.
      Current research on AIDS has failed to address many fundamental questions
      including: the biology of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in semen;
      whether present antiretroviral therapy has any effect on sexual infectivity; and
      whether adequate counseling was given to persons in HIV discordant partner
      studies. These unanswered basic questions highlight how research efforts framed
      from clinical, basic science, or public health viewpoints may have too narrow a
      focus. Three suggestions are made: 1) additional studies about the biology of HIV
      in the genital tract need to be conducted; 2) clinical trials studying drug
      therapy of HIV infection need to assess effect on HIV in the genital tract; 3)
      clinicians involved in studies and care of HIV infection need to implement
      educational strategies minimizing transmission of HIV from their patients. More
      interaction between public health and clinical approaches toward AIDS is needed.

PMID- 3407823
TI  - Laboratory-acquired infections and injuries in clinical laboratories: a 1986
      survey.
AB  - A mail survey of all 54 US State and Territorial Public Health Laboratories and
      the 165 Hospital Clinical Laboratories in Minnesota was carried out, soliciting
      information on laboratory-acquired infections and injuries for calendar year
      1986. The aggregate infection incidence rates were 3.5/1,000 full-time equivalent
      (FTE) workers for hospital laboratories and 1.43/1,000 for public health
      laboratories. Injury rates were 21.2/100 FTE workers for hospital laboratories
      and 7.21/100 for public health labs.

PMID- 3407824
TI  - Fatal occupational injuries in US industries, 1984: comparison of two national
      surveillance systems.
AB  - This paper compares the results of analyses of 1984 fatalities as identified in
      the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) National
      Traumatic Occupational Fatality (NTOF) data base with those of the Bureau of
      Labor Statistics' Annual Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses (AS) for
      1984. The fatality rates for industries were similar in both analyses; however,
      differences in number of injuries suggest underrepresentation in the AS of fatal
      injuries in several, high-risk industries. Differences and similarities in
      methods and results between the two national surveillance systems are described
      and their application to research and injury prevention are discussed.

PMID- 3407825
TI  - Compliance with OSHA record-keeping requirements.
AB  - The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 requires employers to maintain
      records of workplace injuries and illnesses. To assess compliance with the law,
      data from the National Occupational Exposure Survey (NOES) were examined. Of the
      4,185 companies with 11 or more employees, 75 per cent maintained OSHA Form 200
      designed for recording illnesses and injuries. The number of employees and the
      presence of a union were positive determinants in the record maintenance. Of
      companies with 500 or more employees, 95 per cent kept records compared with 60
      per cent of companies with between 11 and 99 employees.

PMID- 3407826
TI  - Bicyclists, helmets and head injuries: a rider-based study of helmet use and
      effectiveness.
AB  - We interviewed 516 bicyclists over age 10 regarding helmet use and head injuries.
      Although 19 per cent owned helmets, only 8 per cent were wearing them when
      interviewed. Riders wearing helmets were more highly educated and reported higher
      car seat belt use. Nearly 4 per cent of the bicyclists reported striking their
      heads in a cycling mishap during the previous 18 months; those wearing helmets at
      the time of the mishap were less likely to have sustained head injuries.

PMID- 3407827
TI  - National trends in coverage and utilization of mental health, alcohol, and
      substance abuse services within managed health care systems.
AB  - This study reports the results of a 1986 national survey of mental health,
      alcohol, and substance abuse services within health maintenance organizations in
      the United States. Ninety-seven percent of responding health maintenance
      organizations (HMOs) offered mental health service coverage and two-thirds of
      responding HMOs offered alcohol and substance abuse service coverage. Annual mean
      mental health hospitalization was 36.90 days per 1,000 members and annual mean
      ambulatory mental health utilization was 0.29 physician encounters per member.

PMID- 3407828
TI  - Patient characteristics and eligibility in a Veterans Administration ambulatory
      care triage clinic.
AB  - We surveyed 5,225 consecutive patients presenting to a Veterans Administration
      (VA) Ambulatory Care Triage Clinic to ascertain the characteristics of patients
      and to assess the role of eligibility in determining disposition from triage.
      Most patients (66 per cent) had non-service connected (low eligibility)
      conditions and had no health insurance (64 per cent). Lack of service connected
      priority (high eligibility) did not influence access to hospitalization (8.3 per
      cent) or longitudinal outpatient care (24.5 per cent). The study suggests that
      veterans with no health insurance, with low eligibility for VA service, use the
      VA triage clinic for episodic medical care.

PMID- 3407829
TI  - An evaluation of the American Lung Association's home video smoking cessation
      program.
AB  - One hundred and one participants received In Control: A Home Video Freedom from
      Smoking Program. Of 53 completing self-treatment, 31 were verified by CO testing
      as abstinent one month after completion. Twenty-one per cent of the sample (40
      per cent of those completing treatment) had not smoked in the past three months
      prior to 12 month follow-up and 16 per cent of the total sample (30 per cent of
      those completing treatment) had not smoked at all in the past 11 months.

PMID- 3407830
TI  - Health problems of homeless children in New York City.
AB  - We reviewed the outpatient medical records of 265 homeless children less than 5
      years of age in New York City and compared them with children of similar low
      socioeconomic status (SES) attending the same pediatric clinic. The frequency of
      health problems among the homeless children, including delayed immunizations,
      elevated blood lead levels, the rate of admission to hospital, and the rate of
      child abuse and neglect reports, exceeded those for the comparison groups.

PMID- 3407831
TI  - Weight control program reinforces smoking cessation.

PMID- 3407832
TI  - The right to health care.

PMID- 3407833
TI  - Effects of postconception spermicide use.

PMID- 3407834
TI  - Imperative for informed consent.

PMID- 3407835
TI  - Pediculus pubis (crab lice)

PMID- 3407836
TI  - Reduction of HIV transmission by use of condoms.

PMID- 3407837
TI  - South American brugian filariasis: report of a human infection acquired in Peru.
AB  - A 27-year-old white woman from New York City acquired an infection by a Brugia
      species while she camped in the Amazon basin of Peru. She was infected by at
      least one adult male worm and one gravid female worm. Both worms were intact and
      in a lymphatic vessel of a right cervical lymph node. The lymph node and
      surrounding fibroadipose tissue contained many microfilariae. The male worm was
      50 micron wide and the female, 100 micron. Both worms had thin (1 micron)
      cuticles with fine transverse striations. There were 3 to 4 somatic muscle cells
      per quadrant. Microfilariae had tails characteristic of the genus Brugia.
      Although specific identification was not possible from the available material,
      the worm closely resembled Brugia guyanensis, a parasite of the coatimundi (Nasua
      nasua) and the only species of Brugia known in South America.

PMID- 3407838
TI  - Brugia species in a man from western Ethiopia.
AB  - A case of human brugiasis in a student from Gambela, Ethiopia, is reported. Ten
      sheathed microfilariae showing the Brugia genus characteristics were recovered
      from 1 ml of blood.

PMID- 3407839
TI  - Larvicidal effect of albendazole against Angiostrongylus cantonensis in mice.
AB  - Mice were infected with 50 third stage larvae of Angiostrongylus cantonensis and
      treated orally with albendazole (Zentel) in dosages of 5, 10, and 25 mg/kg/day
      begun 5, 10, or 15 days post-infection for 7, 14, or 21 consecutive days. The
      mice in each group were killed 3 days after cessation of treatment and the brains
      examined for parasites. Worms were recovered from the brains of all mice treated
      for 7 days, but recoveries from treated mice were significantly lower than from
      controls. Worm reduction was nearly 100% in mice treated for 14 days when
      treatment was initiated 5 and 10 days post-infection. Worms were found in the
      brain of mice treated for 14 days when treatment began at 15 and 20 days, but
      recovery rates were significantly lower than in controls. Similar results were
      obtained in animals treated for 21 days. Worm reduction rates were lower in
      animals given 5 mg/kg/day, but there was no significant difference in animals
      given higher dosages. Albendazole was effective in the treatment of A.
      cantonensis in mice when given within 15 days post-infection.

PMID- 3407840
TI  - Cross-neutralization tests among Cache Valley virus isolates revealing the
      existence of multiple subtypes.
AB  - Maguari virus has been classified as a subtype of Cache Valley virus. Seven
      Bunyamwera serogroup viruses (including prototypes Cache Valley and Maguari
      viruses), 4 viruses shown in previous tests as close antigenic relatives of
      Maguari or Cache Valley viruses, and Xingu virus were cross-tested by serum
      dilution-plaque reduction neutralization. All viruses were distinguishable from
      prototypes Cache Valley and Maguari viruses. The close antigenic relationships of
      the Cache Valley-like viruses demonstrate that multiple subtypes of Cache Valley
      virus exist and suggest that such antigenic variation is a phenotypic expression
      of considerable genetic diversity.

PMID- 3407841
TI  - The distribution of Rift Valley fever virus in the mosquito Culex pipiens as
      revealed by viral titration of dissected organs and tissues.
AB  - Distribution of Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) was studied in the mosquito Culex
      pipiens. Mosquitoes were dissected on days 1-7 after an infectious bloodmeal, and
      RVFV plaque assays were performed on the legs, posterior midgut, ovaries,
      salivary glands, thoracic ganglia, and remaining organs and tissues (remnants).
      On days 7-12 and 14 following an infectious bloodmeal, mosquitoes were tested for
      their ability to transmit virus and then dissected. Dissemination (systemic
      infection) rates averaged 22% on days 1-14 and transmission rates 33% on days 7
      14. There were no significant differences in the viral titers of midgut samples
      among the nondisseminated infected (virus limited to alimentary canal),
      disseminated infected nontransmitting, and transmitting groups of mosquitoes. The
      sequence of infection of the organs and tissues studied appeared to be as
      follows: midgut, hemolymph, remnants: salivary glands, ovaries, and thoracic
      ganglia. Some individuals were found to have disseminated infections as early as
      12 hr following an infectious bloodmeal. Trauma, simulated by vigorous shaking
      immediately following the viremic bloodmeal, did not affect either infection or
      dissemination rates.

PMID- 3407842
TI  - Vertical transmission of dengue viruses by Aedes mediovittatus.
AB  - Aedes mediovittatus, a forest and peridomestic mosquito found in the Caribbean
      area, has previously been shown to be highly susceptible to oral infection with
      dengue viruses in the laboratory. In the present study, the species was found to
      transmit all four dengue serotypes vertically (i.e., from one generation to
      another) at rates much higher than any observed previously for flaviviruses in
      mosquitoes. Vertical transmission rates (the percentage of parent females
      transmitting to one or more progeny) ranged up to 95%. Filial infection rates
      (the percentage of infected progeny) varied widely by family but rates greater
      than or equal to 20% for individual families were not uncommon. Since Ae.
      mediovittatus feeds readily on humans and is relatively abundant, there is no
      apparent reason why it would not serve as a vector of dengue. If it does,
      vertical transmission of the virus in this species would contribute to the
      maintenance of viral endemicity.

PMID- 3407843
TI  - Papers of the Society for Clinical Vascular Surgery. 16th annual meeting. Maui,
      Hawaii, April 6-10, 1988.

PMID- 3407844
TI  - [The placebo-nocebo effect and clinical pain. Attempted proposal].

PMID- 3407845
TI  - [Antalgic treatment of terminal ORL cancer].

PMID- 3407846
TI  - [Central morphine therapy in cancer pain in the ORL area].

PMID- 3407847
TI  - [Analgesia by intra-cerebro-ventricular injection of morphine in cancer pain:
      clinical and pharmacokinetic studies].

PMID- 3407848
TI  - [On the problem posed by contralateral pain after mandibular hemiresection].

PMID- 3407849
TI  - [Role of thermal neurolysis in the treatment of cancer pain of the face].

PMID- 3407850
TI  - Research on childhood epilepsy in the People's Republic of China.
AB  - In the past decade research on childhood epilepsy in our country has progressed
      in a step-by-step fashion. At first clinical experiences of the diagnosis and
      treatment of childhood epilepsy and febrile convulsions as to the results of
      follow-up studies were published. These have helped to overcome the barriers of
      traditional prejudice and to encourage pediatricians to participate in work
      dealing with seizures. Research was then aimed at conducting a large-scale
      epidemiological survey to determine the prevalence and etiology of seizures and
      to find ways of preventing then. Another important step taken has been the study
      of the clinical pharmacology of anticonvulsants in order to keep up with the
      constantly developing new concept of therapeutic drug monitoring. This work has
      resulted in marked improvement of seizure control. Recently, research on the
      mechanisms of the seizure phenomenon has been carried out. Seizure models have
      been established. Present ongoing research topics include neurochemical
      mechanisms of seizures, particularly in the field of neurotransmitters and
      neuropeptides, the kindling phenomenon and the hereditary aspect of seizure
      susceptibility.

PMID- 3407851
TI  - Developmental changes of pattern reversal visual evoked potentials.
AB  - Analysis of developmental changes in pattern reversal visual evoked potentials
      (PVEPs) was performed on 141 normal children ranging in age from 1 month to 19
      years 4 months. The stimulus was a black and white checkerboard pattern on a
      television screen, and the check edge subtended 50 min of retinal arc. The major
      positive peak (P2) was observed in all subjects, and the incidence of other peaks
      tended to increase with age. The P2 latency decreased rapidly during the first
      six months of life and reached a constant value after the age of 2 years. The P2
      latency with monocular stimulation was significantly longer than that with
      binocular stimulation in most age groups. Developmental changes of the N1-P2 or
      P2-N2 amplitudes were unclear, and the standard deviation of the amplitude in
      each age was too large for clinical application. The P2 latency with binocular
      stimulation was shorter for females than for males only at the age of 8-11 years.

PMID- 3407852
TI  - Behavioral abnormalities and seizure susceptibility in rat after neonatal anoxia.
AB  - Wistar rat pups were exposed to 99.99%-nitrogen gas for 10 minutes at 4 days of
      age, and then their behavior and susceptibility to pentylentetrazol (PTZ) induced
      seizure were investigated at the ages of 28 and 56 days. Neonatal anoxic rats
      exhibited hyperactivity in the open field examination and motor coordination
      disturbance in the inclined screen test, hyperirritability to the startle
      response and high susceptibility to PTZ at the age of 28 days. However, these
      behavioral changes and high susceptibility to PTZ were improved with development
      and there were no longer significant difference from controls rats at 56 days of
      age except the wire maneuver test. These results suggested that neonatal total
      anoxia could produce transient dysfunction of the developing brain, including
      increased susceptibility to seizure and behavioral abnormalities.

PMID- 3407853
TI  - Effect of sleep on middle latency response (MLR) in infants.
AB  - Auditory middle latency responses (MLR), with two click-rates (1.3 Hz, 8.9 Hz)
      and simultaneous polygraphic recording with EEG, EOG, EMG, ECG and respiratory
      rhythm have been recorded in 16, 6 or 7 week old infants to study the effect of
      sleep on the amplitudes of MLR. For both click-rates, response amplitude depended
      upon waking and sleep states, the Na-Pa complex being always greater during
      waking states. It is of very low amplitude during quiet and active sleep but
      significantly lower in quiet sleep. In some infants it disappears entirely in
      quiet sleep. MLRs have been said to be hard to reproduce in infants. Our results
      would suggest that this is due to a strong alertness effect on MLRs in infants.

PMID- 3407854
TI  - Effect of brainstem auditory evoked potential stimulus intensity variations in
      neonates of small for gestational age.
AB  - The latencies of brainstem auditory evoked potentials were compared first in 25
      small for gestational age (SGA) neonates (conceptional age less than 43 weeks)
      matched with 25 appropriate for gestational age (AGA) neonates, and then in the 8
      younger SGA neonates (less than 37 weeks) matched with 8 AGA neonates. In this
      last subgroup the results showed that the I-V interval is shorter in SGA than in
      AGA neonates, as previously described. This shortening effect is essentially
      linked to a lengthening of wave I. So the results are discussed in terms of
      immaturity of the basal end of the cochlea, rather than of precocious development
      of the auditory brainstem neural function in SGA infants.

PMID- 3407855
TI  - Tuberous sclerosis associated with partial gigantism in a child.
AB  - The authors report a case of a six-year-old boy with seizures, mental retardation
      and some classic features of tuberous sclerosis, i.e., cutaneous hypomelanotic
      macules, poliosis, cyst-like lesions of the right upper limb and cerebral
      calcifications. From birth he showed partial gigantism of the first two fingers
      of the right hand associated with an arteriovenous malformation of the ulnar
      artery and agenesis of the radial artery. The EEG and CT scan studies are also
      reported. The occurrence of two dysgenetic disorders in one patient as a
      manifestation of disturbed embryogenesis at a very early stage of development is
      discussed.

PMID- 3407856
TI  - Clinical, biochemical and ultrastructural study on the pathogenesis of
      hyperornithinemia-hyperammonemia-homocitrullinuria syndrome.
AB  - A 10-year-old boy with the hyperornithinemia, hyperammonemia and
      homocitrullinuria (HHH) syndrome is described. With dietary restriction of
      protein intake and supplementary administration of L-ornithine and L-arginine,
      the high concentration of ammonia decreased and the clinical signs of truncal
      ataxia and lethargy improved. A deficiency of ornithine transport into liver
      mitochondria was demonstrated biochemically, and glycogen granules and smooth
      surface endoplasmic reticulum were increased, but mitochondria showed normal
      construction ultrastructurally. Cranial computed tomography (CT) showed diffuse
      white matter low density and cerebellar vermis atrophy. The impairment of
      ornithine transport and energy production in the central nervous system may be
      related to the cranial CT findings and neurological signs.

PMID- 3407857
TI  - Chiari I malformation with quadriplegia and respiratory disturbance in an infant.
AB  - Chiari I malformation consists of variable downward displacement of the
      cerebellar tonsils. Quadriplegia, respiratory disturbance and pain are common in
      Chiari I malformation in adults. However, there are no reports of this syndrome
      in early childhood. We report the case of a 9-month-old girl with Chiari I
      malformation who had quadriplegia with muscle weakness and who developed
      respiratory disturbance as an early symptom. The causes of the symptoms of Chiari
      I malformation are discussed. The use of MRI is proposed as a more useful
      diagnostic technique than myelography for these patients since MRI is less likely
      to aggravate the respiratory disturbance.

PMID- 3407858
TI  - A case of transient hypodensity of the caudatum and putamen.
AB  - Bilateral, approximately symmetrical, hypodense areas located in the caudatum and
      putamen were seen on CT in a 7-month-old female. These lesions completely
      disappeared within four weeks in parallel with her clinical signs of muscle
      hypotonia. Although signs of inflammation were not detected on examination of the
      blood and cerebrospinal fluid, the etiology of these hypodense lesions was
      suspected to be a localized viral infection.

PMID- 3407859
TI  - Auditory brainstem response in neonates--an attempt to reduce the number of
      stimuli.
AB  - We tried to shorten the ABR testing time by reducing the number of stimuli. There
      was no difference in both the wave form and latency of each wave between 256
      times-averaged ABR and 1,024 times-averaged ABR. The total testing time, using
      256 stimuli, was about 20 minutes shorter than the testing time using 1,024
      stimuli.

PMID- 3407860
TI  - Use of erythromycin to inhibit carbamazepine metabolism in children with partial
      complex seizures.

PMID- 3407861
TI  - [Diagnostic procedures for depression].

PMID- 3407862
TI  - [1987, The International Year of the Homeless. The problem of the marginal
      transients].

PMID- 3407863
TI  - [The pathology of love].

PMID- 3407864
TI  - [Fetal catecholamines. Clinical value of the findings in amniotic fluid].

PMID- 3407865
TI  - Effects of beta-adrenoceptor antagonism on the cardiovascular and catecholamine
      responses to tracheal intubation.
AB  - The catecholamine and cardiovascular responses to laryngoscopy and tracheal
      intubation were studied in 20 patients who underwent elective gynaecological
      surgery and who were allocated randomly to receive either practolol 10 mg or
      saline intravenously prior to induction of anaesthesia. Anaesthesia was induced
      with fentanyl and thiopentone; atracurium was administered and the lungs were
      ventilated artificially with 67% nitrous oxide in oxygen. Tracheal intubation was
      performed when muscle relaxation was adequate. Arterial pressure, heart rate,
      plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline concentrations were measured before and after
      tracheal intubation. A significant increase in catecholamine concentrations
      occurred in both groups in response to tracheal intubation but the magnitude of
      the increase in adrenaline was greater in the practolol group. There were no
      significant differences in arterial pressure or heart rate changes between the
      groups. We conclude that pretreatment with practolol is of no value in the
      attenuation of the hypertensive response to direct laryngoscopy and tracheal
      intubation in previously normotensive patients.

PMID- 3407866
TI  - Successful difficult intubation. Use of the gum elastic bougie.
AB  - The reliability of two signs of tracheal placement of a gum elastic bougie was
      studied. These signs were clicks (produced as the tip of the bougie runs over the
      tracheal cartilages) and hold up of the bougie as it is advanced (when the tip
      reaches the small bronchi). Ninety-eight simulated and two genuine Grade 3
      difficult intubations were attempted with the aid of a gum elastic bougie.
      Seventy-eight tracheal and 22 oesophageal placements of the bougie resulted. No
      clicks or hold up occurred with the bougie in the oesophagus. Clicks were
      recorded in 89.7% of tracheal placements of the bougie. Hold up at between 24-40
      cm occurred in all tracheal placements. We conclude that these signs are reliable
      and that they should be taught as part of any difficult intubation drill in which
      the gum elastic bougie is used.

PMID- 3407867
TI  - Plasma lignocaine levels during paediatric endoscopy of the upper respiratory
      tract. Relationship with mucosal moistness.
AB  - Plasma lignocaine levels were measured at 5, 10 and 15 minutes following local
      application (4 mg/kg) to the upper airway in children who underwent endoscopy
      under general anaesthesia. These levels were then correlated with the appearance
      of the moistness of the airway mucosa secondary to premedication with atropine.
      This latter assessment was carried out by one anaesthetist who used a
      predetermined scale of 1-5, where 1 was very dry and 5 very wet. Significantly
      higher (p less than 0.05) plasma levels of lignocaine were achieved when the
      mucosa was 'very dry' especially in children under 2 years of age. The total dose
      of lignocaine applied to the upper airway of children should probably be reduced,
      in the presence of a 'dry' mucosa after effective antisialogogue premedication,
      and especially when less than 2 years of age.

PMID- 3407868
TI  - Reversal of pancuronium. Neuromuscular and cardiovascular effects of a mixture of
      neostigmine and glycopyrronium.
AB  - Moderate to deep (67-99% single twitch depression) pancuronium-induced
      neuromuscular blockade was antagonised with neostigmine (30 micrograms/kg, 60
      micrograms/kg, or 80 micrograms/kg) in combination with glycopyrronium. Twenty
      seven patients were reversed from 91%-99% twitch depression. Recovery of the
      first twitch of a train-of-four to 95% of control twitch took at least 20 minutes
      with neostigmine 30 micrograms/kg. The higher doses were significantly faster (60
      micrograms/kg p less than 0.05, 80 micrograms/kg p less than 0.01) and took 15.8
      and 14.8 minutes respectively. Reversal to a train of four ratio of 0.75 was not
      consistently achieved in under 30 minutes with any dose of neostigmine. Nineteen
      patients were antagonised from a 67%-80% depression of first twitch and in all
      but two recovery to 95% of control took under 10 minutes. To achieve a train of
      four ratio of 0.75 took less than 12.5 minutes except in three patients, two of
      whom, both given neostigmine 30 micrograms/kg, took longer than 20 minutes.
      Neostigmine 60 micrograms/kg produced as rapid a degree of antagonism as 80
      micrograms/kg. Heart rates after reversal decreased gradually in all groups,
      although the decrease was initially greater in the low dose neostigmine (30
      micrograms/kg) group. A fixed 5:1 ratio of neostigmine and glycopyrronium will
      usually antagonise a moderate (70%-80%) pancuronium block to a train of four of
      greater than 75% within 12.5 minutes if at least 60 micrograms/kg of neostigmine
      is administered. More than 30 minutes may be required for reversal whatever the
      dose of neostigmine, for antagonism from greater than 90% twitch depression.

PMID- 3407869
TI  - A comparison of isoflurane and halothane in anaesthesia for intra-ocular surgery.
AB  - Isoflurane 0.75% was compared with halothane 0.5% as the volatile supplement in a
      normocapnic technique for intra-ocular surgery. Both agents gave satisfactory
      conditions for operation with a comparable reduction in intra-ocular pressure
      during the procedure. Systolic arterial pressure, however, was significantly
      lower in the isoflurane group at the end of surgery and after tracheal extubation
      than in the halothane group. Isoflurane provides a useful alternative to
      halothane in anaesthesia for intraocular surgery.

PMID- 3407870
TI  - Perineuronal morphine: a comparison with epidural morphine.
AB  - In a double-blind, randomised controlled cross-over study the effects of
      perineuronal (perifemoral) injections of morphine were compared with epidural
      injections with the same amount of morphine in patients after knee surgery.
      Better pain scores were achieved during treatment with epidural morphine. We have
      not been able to confirm the hypothesis of neuro-axonal transport of morphine
      from the periphery to the spinal cord.

PMID- 3407871
TI  - Suxamethonium dosage in electroconvulsive therapy.
AB  - A double-blind study was conducted in 52 patients who received a total of 180
      electroconvulsive therapy treatments. Patients were allocated randomly to receive
      doses of 15 mg, 25 mg or 50 mg of suxamethonium. Those who received suxamethonium
      50 mg took significantly longer to breathe again compared with patients who
      received the lower doses, and were significantly more likely to have a very well
      modified convulsion than patients who received suxamethonium 15 mg. There were no
      differences among the groups in the incidences of muscle pains after treatment.
      We conclude that all three doses were acceptable; however, a dose of 25 mg had
      practical advantages over 50 mg and theoretical advantages over 15 mg.

PMID- 3407872
TI  - Isoflurane in the treatment of asthma.
AB  - A 22-month-old child developed severe bronchospasm. Prolonged ventilation of the
      lungs with isoflurane for 102 hours was used as treatment. The metabolism and
      fluoride levels obtained are discussed.

PMID- 3407873
TI  - The nasocardiac reflex.
AB  - The oculocardiac reflex is well described and recognised in anaesthesia. The
      nasocardiac reflex is less well-known. We describe a clinical manifestation of
      this reflex and describe the relevant anatomy. This reflex may be obtunded during
      general anaesthesia. during general anaesthesia.

PMID- 3407874
TI  - Anaesthetic management in patients with epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica.
AB  - Successful anaesthetic management of two patients with severe epidermolysis
      bullosa dystrophica was accomplished with the use of ketamine-diazepam
      dissociative anaesthesia in one and brachial plexus block in the other. The
      classification and pathology of epidermolysis bullosa is considered, and the
      problems associated with anaesthesia in patients with this disease are discussed.

PMID- 3407875
TI  - Acute localised pulmonary oedema. Re-expansion pulmonary oedema following the
      surgical repair of a ruptured hemidiaphragm.
AB  - Re-expansion pulmonary oedema is a rare complication to follow the treatment of
      pneumothorax or pleural effusion. A unique case is described here which occurred
      in a young man immediately after the surgical repair of a ruptured diaphragm. The
      possible causative mechanisms are discussed.

PMID- 3407876
TI  - Plasma catecholamine concentrations--changes after infiltration with local
      anaesthetic solutions and adrenaline during bat-ear surgery.
AB  - Plasma catecholamine concentrations were measured in 12 patients who had
      bilateral bat-ear surgery following infiltration of each ear with 2 ml 2%
      lignocaine with adrenaline 1:100,000. Venous blood samples were withdrawn before
      and at set intervals after infiltration. Plasma adrenaline concentration
      increased from 0.8 pmol/ml to a peak of 2.2 pmol/ml at 2 minutes after
      infiltration; this is an increase of 175%. There was no significant change in
      plasma noradrenaline concentration.

PMID- 3407877
TI  - The analgesic effects of ketamine.

PMID- 3407878
TI  - Palsy after femoral nerve block.

PMID- 3407879
TI  - Estimating the train-of-four ratio: an inexpensive alternative.

PMID- 3407880
TI  - Atraumatic nasopharyngeal intubation for upper airway obstruction.

PMID- 3407882
TI  - Caudals and antisepsis--a response.

PMID- 3407881
TI  - High frequency jet ventilation during bronchial surgery.

PMID- 3407883
TI  - Difficult extubation.

PMID- 3407884
TI  - Allen's test performed by pulse oximeter.

PMID- 3407885
TI  - Unstable cervical fracture.

PMID- 3407886
TI  - Cardiovascular collapse after epidural anaesthesia for caesarean section.

PMID- 3407887
TI  - A problem with the Medex fast-flush device.

PMID- 3407888
TI  - Another advantage of the paramedian approach?

PMID- 3407890
TI  - A modification of the Ohmeda vaporizer filler.

PMID- 3407891
TI  - Epidural morphine and headache secondary to dural puncture.

PMID- 3407889
TI  - Isoflurane in a drawover anaesthetic system.

PMID- 3407892
TI  - Replacement of tracheostomy tubes.

PMID- 3407893
TI  - [Reaction of the sympathetic nervous system, cardiovascular parameters and
      endocrine stress response in disobliterating interventions of the carotid
      arteries. A comparison of isoflurane anesthesia and modified neurolepto
      anesthesia].
AB  - In order to investigate whether the increases in mean arterial pressure (MAP) and
      HR during carotid endarterectomy are due to a systemic, sympathicotonic stress
      response and to compare two anesthetic regimens for this operation, 20 patients
      were randomly allocated to the following groups: (1) modified neuroleptanesthesia
      with midazolam, fentanyl, and vecuronium: and (2) isoflurane anesthesia with
      vecuronium relaxation. Premedication (pethidine, promethazine) and induction of
      anesthesia were similar in both groups. The plasma levels of epinephrine and
      norepinephrine (by HPLC/ECD), ADH, ACTH, and cortisol (by RIA), glucose, lactate,
      and free glycerol were determined before and after induction of anesthesia, 7
      times during the operation, and 30 min after extubation. MAP and HR were measured
      continuously. Statistical evaluation was undertaken by analysis of variance with
      repeated measures on 1 factor, considering P values of less than 0.05 as
      significant. The endocrine parameters failed to show any remarkable increase
      during the entire operation period. After the end of the operation all hormones
      rose significantly (P less than 0.001). No correlation was found between plasma
      catecholamines and increases in MAP and HR. Group levels of norepinephrine and
      ADH were higher in the isoflurane group (P less than 0.04). It is concluded that
      cardiovascular reactions during carotid endarterectomy are not caused by systemic
      stress. Neuroleptanesthesia leads to better stress protection in the
      postoperative period, while isoflurane anesthesia has some advantages for the
      intraoperative control of arterial pressure.

PMID- 3407894
TI  - [Combined midazolam-ketamine anesthesia in traumatologic interventions. Patterns
      of endocrine reactions].
AB  - For anesthesia, ataranalgesic combinations of benzodiazepines and ketamine have
      been reported to be advantageous alternatives to inhalation agents or high-dose
      opioids. In this study, the influence of midazolam-ketamine-N2O/O2 anesthesia on
      the endocrine metabolic response of patients during the course of reconstructive
      orthopedic surgery (n = 8) was investigated. METHODS. The dosage of anesthetic
      agents was calculated according to body weight. Thus, the amount of ketamine
      given in young adults (mean age = 24.1 years) was 30 micrograms/kg per minute.
      Pre-, intra-, and postoperatively, each of following hormones was measured by
      either radioimmunoassay or radioenzyme-linked assay: ACTH, aldosterone, cortisol,
      17-dehydroepiandrosterone (17-DHEA), prolactin, insulin, T3, T4, thyroxine
      binding globulin (TGB), epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine. Additionally,
      the metabolites glucose, lactate, and free glycerin were measured
      perioperatively. RESULTS and CONCLUSION. The circulation remained relatively
      stable under midazolam-ketamine-N2O/O2 anesthesia (MAP +23%; HR +17%). ACTH
      secretion and prolactin secretion showed a significant rise (p less than 0.01)
      even before skin incision (Figs. 1, 3). A significant rise in cortisol levels
      occurred intraoperatively (+80%; p less than 0.01). Secretion of aldosterone
      (+246%; p less than 0.05) and 17-DHEA (+49%; p less than 0.05) essentially
      followed the secretory profile of cortisol, while insulin secretion did not rise
      significantly under acute surgical stress (Fig. 4).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3407895
TI  - [Effect of pancuronium bromide on the adherence of polymorphonuclear neutrophilic
      granulocytes in vitro].
AB  - Infection is still an important problem following surgery. Polymorphonuclear
      neutrophil granulocytes (PMN) play a vital role in host defenses against invading
      bacteria; thus, adverse effects on PMN caused by anesthetic agents are of general
      interest. In this study, we examined the influence of pancuronium bromide on PMN
      adherence in vitro. Heparinized venous blood samples were obtained from 18
      healthy male adult donors. Each specimen was divided. One part was used to
      determine the adherence of untreated PMN, while pancuronium bromide was added to
      the other. Two concentrations (1.3 or 0.5 micrograms relaxant/ml blood) were
      tested. PMN adherence was studied using nylon fiber columns as described by
      MacGregor et al. Both concentrations of pancuronium bromide caused an inhibition
      of adherence, which was significant in the case of the higher dosage (p less than
      0.05). There is a direct correlation between the intensity of PMN adherence and
      the extent of granulocyte delivery to sites of inflammation. Therefore, it seems
      possible that clinical concentrations of pancuronium bromide may be able to
      increase the risk of developing bacterial infections. Further studies concerning
      this problem should be conducted.

PMID- 3407896
TI  - [Experiences with an anesthesia protocol written by computer].
AB  - Since December 1983, we have used a computer system for charting and data logging
      in cardiac and thoracic anesthesia. These computers, designed as stand-alone
      units, were developed at our hospital based on Motorola 6809 microprocessor
      systems. All measurements derived from anesthetic monitoring, ventilator, and
      heart-lung machine are automatically sampled at regular intervals and stored for
      later data management. Laboratory results are automatically received from the
      hospital computer system. The user communicates with the system via a terminal
      and a keyboard; this also facilitates the entering of all comments, medications,
      infusions, and fluid losses. All data are continuously displayed on an A3 format
      anesthetic chart using a multi-pen, flat-bed plotter. The operation of the system
      has proved to be simple and needs less time than charting by hand, while the
      result, the display on the chart, is far clearer and more complete than any
      handwritten document. Up to now 3,200 operations (corresponding to 12,500
      anesthetic h) have been documented. The failure rate of the system, defined as an
      interruption of the documentation for more than 30 min is 2.1%. Further
      development of the system is discussed. A data base for processing the stored
      data has been developed and is being tested at present.

PMID- 3407897
TI  - [Malignant hyperthermia. An unusual course of a rare disease].
AB  - An account is given of unusual course of a hyperthermic crisis in a 23-year-old
      male who underwent repeated anesthetics. As yet little has been reported about
      Isoflurane, which we presume to have been the triggering agent. In this case only
      the surgically untreated lower extremity developed rigor, with which malignant
      hyperthermia is associated, whereas the surgically treated extremity, where
      circulation had been stopped with a tourniquet, remained unaffected. Rigor and
      contracture of the affected extremity were so severe that they led to a
      compartment syndrome, necessitating fasciotomy. No observation of this kind has
      been published before. In addition to a discussion of this dissociated effect in
      malignant hyperthermia, a detailed account of the course of the crisis is given.

PMID- 3407898
TI  - [Intraoperative determination of heart time volume with transesophageal pulsed
      Doppler echocardiography].
AB  - Stroke volume and cardiac output (CO) can be determined noninvasively by means of
      the pulsed Doppler technique to measure blood flow velocities in specified
      regions of the heart or neighboring great vessels along with 2D-echocardiographic
      imaging to measure the diameter of vessels or valve orifices. Disadvantages of
      the transthoracic approach, such as precordial inaccessibility and instability of
      the probe position, have prevented the continuous application of pulsed Doppler
      echocardiography during surgery. Recently, we presented a new technique using the
      transesophageal approach with combined pulsed Doppler measurements and 2D
      echocardiographic imaging. This study was designed to assess the feasibility of
      transesophageal pulsed Doppler echocardiography (TDE) for CO measurements during
      surgery and to test the method for accuracy against the thermodilution technique
      (TD) as well as evaluate its ability to track dynamic CO changes during general
      anesthesia. Transmitral and pulmonary artery flow analysis using TDE was
      performed in 35 adult patients undergoing a variety of surgical procedures under
      general anesthesia. For the transesophageal approach we used the prototype of a
      new 5-MHz phased array transducer with 64 elements fixed at the distal end of a 9
      mm gastroscope. The mitral valve flow methods combined the velocity of
      transmitral flow at the mitral anulus with the cross-sectional area of the anulus
      calculated from its diameter at middiastole, while the pulmonary flow method
      combined the velocity of pulmonary artery flow with the cross-sectional area of
      the vessel calculated from its diameter during early systole. High-resolution 2D
      echocardiograms of the mitral valve allowed accurate diameter measurements of the
      mitral valve orifice in all patients. A fixed esophageal transducer position
      behind the left atrium enabled continuous transmitral Doppler recordings of
      invariably high quality to be made. Regression analysis of TDE-CO vs. TD-CO for
      50 measurements in 27 patients yielded a good correlation (r = 0.95, y = 0.95x +
      0.42, SEE = 0.34 l/min). Use of halothane in 8 further patients resulted in a
      21.0 +/- 5.9% and 37.3 +/- 11.7% decrease of TDE-CO at 1.0 MAC and 1.5 MAC,
      respectively. Transesophageal images adequate to determine the cross-sectional
      area of the pulmonary artery could be obtained in 16 of 27 (59.3%) patients. CO
      determined by the TDE pulmonary flow method (28 measurements in 16 patients)
      correlated with the TD-CO, with an r value of 0.91 and SEE 0.49 l/min.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3407899
TI  - [Local and global contractility of the right ventricle in ischemia of the free
      ventricular wall. An animal experiment study].
AB  - Impaired right ventricular (RV) performance due to increased RV afterload in
      patients with sepsis or acute respiratory failure has been attributed to relative
      hypoperfusion and myocardial ischemia of the stressed free RV wall. There is
      evidence from experiments, however, that the normal RV is able to respond to a
      pressure load with adequate increases in myocardial blood flow. Whether or not
      ischemia of the free wall contributes to RV failure and whether restoration of RV
      perfusion can improve RV performance remains to be elucidated. The aim of this
      study was to compare local RV contractility to parameters of global RV
      contractility prior to and after induction of ischemia to its free wall. METHODS:
      Studies were performed in a total of 16 open-chest dogs using sonomicrometry to
      determine local contractility (velocity and percentage of fiber shortening) in
      the RV inflow tract (n = 8) prior to, 5, and 30 min after acute ligation of the
      right coronary artery (RCA). Parameters of global RV contractility (dP/dtmax,
      Vmax) were derived from intraventricular pressure measurements (tip-manometer).
      Regional myocardial blood flow (n = 6) was determined by the radioactive
      microsphere technique. Furthermore, the septal-lateral diameters of the RV (n =
      8) and left ventricle (LV, n = 5), as well as the anterior-posterior diameter (n
      = 4) of the LV were measured simultaneously by use of sonomicrometers (Fig. 1);
      ventricular pressure-diameter diagrams were constructed in order to assess the
      dynamic geometry of the heart. RESULTS: Acute ligation of the RCA resulted in a
      reduction of myocardial blood flow (-39% to -72%), predominantly in the RV inflow
      tract (Table 1). The segment length of the RV free wall and diameter of the RV
      increased following RCA ligation (Fig. 3a) whereas the septal-lateral diameter of
      the LV decreased concomitantly. The LV anterior-posterior diameter remained
      unaffected (Table 2, Fig. 3b). While local RV contractility (percent shortening
      and velocity of fiber shortening) deteriorated (-40% and -32%, respectively), the
      parameters of global RV contractility (dP/dtmax, Vmax) remained unchanged (Fig.
      4a). Heart rate, mean arterial pressure, RV systolic pressure, and LV filling
      pressure remained unchanged (Fig. 4b), whereas RV filling pressure increased
      (+52%) and cardiac output was reduced (-13%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3407900
TI  - [Changes in temporomandibular joint functions in various general anesthesia
      procedures].
AB  - In a clinical study conducted in 1986 on 100 patients, we were able to
      demonstrate that intubation leads to the occurrence of temporary disturbances of
      the stomatognathic system. To verify these results, a double-blind study was
      conducted involving 140 patients of ASA groups I and II. Further acceptance
      criteria were: operation outside of the head and neck area, no throat pack or
      gastric tube, and the requirement of dental antagonists on the left and right
      side. Group composition: Group A: oral intubation with a laryngoscope (n = 50);
      Group B: nasal intubation using a fiberoptic endoscope (n = 40); Group C: face
      mask (n = 50) Groups A and B were divided at random. Balanced anesthesia was
      performed for all patients. In group B, after nasal intubation the mandible was
      placed and fixed in the habitual occlusion position. The patients had a dental
      examination preoperatively and on 1st, 2nd and 3rd postoperative day. Parallel to
      this study, we also interviewed 400 patients after routine intubation anesthesia
      with regard to postoperative temporomandibular joint (TMJ) symptoms. Groups A, B,
      and C were comparable in age, sex, height, weight, preoperative values of maximal
      mandibular movement, and pathological findings of the TMJ (Tables 1-3); the only
      differences were a longer mean duration of surgery in groups A and B than in
      group C (P greater than 0.05) and that women described more stomatognathic
      disorders in the preoperative medical history than men.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3407901
TI  - [Subjective verbal methods in preoperative measurement of anxiety].
AB  - The role of preoperative anxiety in perioperative adaptation is viewed in two
      different ways. Janis suggested that anxiety is a drive that evokes the cognitive
      work of worrying. Leventhal stresses the importance of coping behavior for
      adaptation, while anxiety may or may not accompany this coping process. Both
      theories have empirical support. The aim of this study was to determine whether
      both theories could show empirical support because the scientists chose different
      methods: Janis used interviews, Leventhal and Lazarus anxiety scales. The study
      analyzed the pre- and postoperative emotional reactions of surgical patients with
      three different methods of anxiety measurement: an anxiety scale, a fear
      thermometer, and a psychoanalytic interview (Gottschalk-Gleser content analysis
      method). The different methods were compared and related to the adaptation
      behavior (Table 3). The data showed a clear interaction between the selected
      methods and respective theories about the effects of preoperative anxiety on
      intra- and postoperative adaptation. The anxiety scales showed no correlation
      with adaptation behavior (blood pressure and heart rate during surgery;
      postoperative pain medication) and were not related to the anxiety scores
      obtained from the interview (content analysis). On the other hand, the interview
      anxiety measurements showed a clear relationship between separation anxiety (and
      also shame anxiety), physiological excitement during surgery (increase in heart
      rate), and postoperative medication (increased analgesics and tranquilizers). The
      patients who worried about the risks of surgery (Verletzungsangst, see Fig. 3)
      had very good perioperative adjustment, so that the quality of anxiety measured
      in the interview was very important for the prediction of adaptation.

PMID- 3407902
TI  - [Numbness of the lower lip following general anesthesia].
AB  - Injuries to nerves of the head occur infrequently following general anesthesia.
      Lesions of the facial and mental nerves have been reported. CASE REPORT: A
      healthy 40-year-old woman was scheduled for derotation osteotomy of the left
      femur. The previous medical history included ten uneventful general anesthetics
      mainly for abdominal and orthopedic surgery. Routine preoperative investigations
      were unremarkable. The patient received midazolam for premedication. Induction of
      anesthesia was carried out with thiopental and succinylcholine. Ventilation with
      the anesthesia mask was difficult, and considerable pressure was exerted on the
      mask. Intubation of the trachea was accomplished on the second attempt after
      additional doses of thiopental and succinylcholine and intermittent manual
      ventilation by mask, which lasted for 5-6 min. The further course of anesthesia
      was uneventful. The surgical procedure lasted for 1 1/2 h. On the 1st day after
      anesthesia the patient noticed numbness of the lower lip. Perception of
      temperature and touch was impaired. The area of paresthesia/anesthesia
      corresponded to the area of innervation of the upper branches of the mental
      nerves. Complete remission occurred within 6 weeks. DISCUSSION: Injury to nerves
      of the head due to pressure applied during anesthesia is infrequent. Lesions of
      branches of the facial nerve--mainly the marginal mandibular branch--have been
      reported. We found only two case reports of injury to the mental nerve in the
      literature. In general, long lasting anesthesia delivered via face mask preceded
      the injury. It was frequently difficult to retain airway patency.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3407903
TI  - [Anesthesia for magnetic resonance tomography].
AB  - Monitoring of the vital signs and the possibility of respiratory support are
      necessary conditions for the application of magnetic resonance imaging to infants
      and geriatric patients as well as during intensive care therapy. Since April
      1986, 73 patients have been scanned under general anesthesia with controlled
      artificial ventilation in the Grosshadern University Hospital. For the first
      time, the ventilator could be placed in the vicinity of the magnetic resonance
      imaging scanner. With this system, the anesthesiologist is able to inspect the
      patient, ventilator, and monitoring unit from one place in the examination room.

PMID- 3407904
TI  - [Optimizing puncture of the internal jugular vein. Effects and advantages of the
      Valsalva maneuver in catheterization].
AB  - Shortly after the publication by English et al. on catheterization of the
      internal jugular vein (VJI) in 1969, the first papers reporting complications
      appeared. To reduce the rate of puncture failures with their consequences and
      complications, we tried to find the optimal conditions for successful puncture by
      evaluating serial CT scans. The diameter increase of the VJI was studied in 8
      women and 9 men with an average age of about 39 years with 30 mmHg pressure in
      the upper respiratory passages. The measurement was performed 2 cm below the
      level of the cricoid cartilage (the probable puncture point for posterior
      access). It was carried out first during normal respiration, then after forced
      inspiration and bearing down with the glottis open against a closed system
      consisting of a manometer. By means of continuous bearing down, a pressure of 30
      mmHg was maintained during CT scanning. With this pressure in the upper
      respiratory passages, the mean increase in diameter of the VJI was 58% on the
      left side (P less than 0.002) and as much as 78% on the right (P less than
      0.001), which is highly significant. In 12 of the 17 test persons (70.6%), the
      right VJI proved to be the dominant vessel, and the diameter increase achievable
      by the Valsalva maneuver likewise seems to be greater on the right side than on
      the left (Table 1). We now recommend a slight Trendelenburg position with the
      head rotated 45 degrees to the contralateral side. For the first puncture we
      consider the posterior approach (see Fig. 2) on the right side to be the
      best.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3407905
TI  - [Effectiveness of bronchial lavage with a new double-lumen catheter].
AB  - The effectiveness of tracheobronchial lavage in the traditional manner with
      application of a rinsing solution into the endotracheal tube of artificially
      ventilated patients is unsatisfactory. In order to improve this a new double
      lumen catheter was developed. Beside the suction channel with a normal diameter
      is another very small channel, through which a rinsing solution or drugs can
      easily be applied endobronchially. The rinsing solution can be poured with high
      speed through this small channel into the peripheral bronchi. In comparison with
      the traditional method, endobronchial saline instillation and suctioning can be
      done more quickly during continuous artificial respiration. The tube was compared
      with a common suction catheter in 16 patients. These patients were intubated and
      given artificial respiration. Endobronchial rinsing and suctioning were done
      periodically. The suctioned bronchial secretion was measured and arterial blood
      gases were evaluated. Using the dual lumen probe, the suctioned volume was 3.8
      times higher. In a short time the arterial oxygen pressure rose from 100% to
      123%. An obvious improvement in ventilation could be seen even after 1 h. There
      was a positive correlation between the suctioned volume and the rise in oxygen
      pressure. Only suctioning of more than 3.7 ml was accompanied by a rise in the
      arterial oxygen pressure. Because of continuous artificial respiration, the
      arterial carbon dioxide pressure was kept constant. Therefore, there is a
      catheter available that makes it possible to perform a much more effective
      endobronchial lavage in a shorter period of time.

PMID- 3407906
TI  - Removal of contaminating nucleoside diphosphates from commercial preparations of
      uridine diphosphoglucose.
AB  - Nucleoside diphosphate contamination in commercial preparations of UDP-Glc poses
      potential problems in activity assays for enzymes that use this substrate. For
      removing these contaminants, we report a simple, inexpensive, and rapid method
      that obviates the need for uncertain corrections in assay calculations.

PMID- 3407907
TI  - Micropreparative electrophoresis of globin chains on cellulose acetate film in
      structural identification of abnormal human hemoglobins.
AB  - A simple and rapid micropreparative method for isolating 5 to 30 nmol of globin
      chain, followed by structural identification of abnormal human hemoglobins, is
      described. The method is based on the electrophoretic separation of globins on
      ordinary Cellogel films under denaturating conditions with subsequent cutting out
      of the protein zones and solubilization of Cellogel and the electrophoretic
      buffer components in a specially selected solvent in which the globin chain
      undergoes quantitative precipitation. The method makes it possible to simplify
      and speed up the structural identification of commonly occurring abnormal
      hemoglobins. The advantages and limitations of the method are discussed along
      with its potential uses in structural protein chemistry.

PMID- 3407908
TI  - Determination of adenosine in fetal perfusates of human placental cotyledons
      using fluorescence derivatization and reversed-phase high-performance liquid
      chromatography.
AB  - A simple, sensitive HPLC method using fluorescence detection was developed for
      determination of adenosine in fetal venous perfusates of dual-perfused cotyledons
      from human term placentas. Maternal and fetal circuits of in vitro placental
      cotyledons were perfused with physiological salt solution containing dextrose and
      dextran (Earle's medium). Conditions were established for optimal formation of
      fluorescent 1,N6-ethenoadenosine from adenosine and chloroacetaldehyde in Earle's
      medium and for optimal resolution of 1,N6-ethenoadenosine by reversed-phase HPLC
      of the reaction mixture. The yield of 1,N6-ethenoadenosine was enhanced by
      dilution and acidification of the sample matrix. Perfusate samples in autosampler
      vials were diluted 40% with water and reacted with chloroacetaldehyde for 40 min
      at 100 degrees C; replicate 100-microliters injections were made automatically
      from each reaction mixture for HPLC analysis with fluorescence detection on a
      column packed with 3 microns octadecylsilica (Hypersil). Calibration curves were
      prepared similarly from 4-100 nM adenosine in Earle's medium. Alternatively,
      perfusate samples were diluted twofold with dilute phosphoric acid to give a
      final pH of 5.4 before reaction with chloroacetaldehyde, and replicate 50
      microliters injections were made automatically for HPLC; calibration curves were
      prepared from 2-400 nM adenosine in Earle's medium. 1,N6-Ethenoadenosine was well
      resolved from Earle's-derived artifactual peaks on chromatography with either a
      linear or a concave gradient of methanol in ammonium phosphate buffer. Total run
      times were 15 and 19 min, respectively. Sensitivity of measurement of adenosine
      was 2-4 nM. Derivatization of adenosine using the acidified reaction mixture gave
      a limit of detection of 100 fmol of adenosine per injection. Application of the
      method to analysis of adenosine in fetal venous perfusates of eight dual-perfused
      cotyledons, each from a different placenta, gave a range of 3.5-52 nM adenosine.
      Ischemia, imposed by cessation of maternal perfusion, caused a two- to sixfold
      increase in fetal venous perfusate adenosine concomitant with an increase in
      fetoplacental perfusion pressure; perfusion pressure and perfusate adenosine
      returned to baseline levels on reperfusion of the maternal circuit. This facile
      method of determination of perfusate adenosine should allow investigation of the
      role of placental adenosine release in regulation of fetoplacental vascular
      resistance and should be applicable to study of adenosine released by other
      isolated perfused organs.

PMID- 3407909
TI  - Determination of creatinine in whole blood, plasma, and urine by high-performance
      liquid chromatography.
AB  - A sensitive method for the specific determination of creatinine in whole blood,
      plasma, and urine with high precision and accuracy is described. Samples were
      deproteinized by addition of acetonitrile and analyzed by high-performance liquid
      chromatography using a cation-exchange column with a mobile phase of 9%
      acetonitrile in 40 mM ammonium phosphate (pH 4.0). The recoveries of creatinine
      added to blood and plasma were almost complete, ranging from 99 to 101%. The
      coefficients of variation were very small, 1.6% for blood and plasma and 1.5% for
      urine. Samples can be assayed in 11-min intervals subsequent to the initial
      injection. As little as 2 microliter of blood or plasma or 0.02 microliter of
      urine is sufficient for chromatographic analysis. The present method was
      successfully used for the accurate measurement of small arterial-venous
      differences of creatinine concentrations in blood across body organs and showed
      that in the sheep creatinine is produced in the muscles and is excreted by the
      kidneys. The method is also suitable for routine analysis of creatinine in
      clinical laboratories.

PMID- 3407910
TI  - A dye release assay for determination of lysostaphin activity.
AB  - We describe a method for determination of lysostaphin activity using Remazol
      Brilliant Blue R (RBB)-dyed staphylococcal cells or RBB-dyed staphylococcal
      peptidoglycan as substrate. The dyed substrates are easy to prepare and are
      stable for at least 6 months. Soluble hydrolytic products released by lysostaphin
      are measured spectrophotometrically at 595 nm after the insoluble substrate is
      removed by filtration or centrifugation. The dye release assay is more sensitive
      and more accurate than the previously described turbidimetric assay.

PMID- 3407911
TI  - A one-vial method for routine extraction and quantification of free fatty acids
      in blood and tissue by HPLC.
AB  - A one-vial procedure has been developed to quantify free fatty acids in human
      blood serum and rat heart tissue. To allow routine analysis the system has been
      constructed to allow simultaneous processing of nine samples (Praechromat). The
      free fatty acids are extracted with Freon 11 and then derivatized to coumarin
      esters prior to HPLC. The Freon 11 extraction of the free fatty acids is rapid
      and complete. Neither hydrolytic degradation of natural fatty acid esters nor
      oxidative damage of unsaturated fatty acids was observed. Fifteen free fatty
      acids (FFA) were routinely quantified by isocratic elution with high
      reproducibility (SD less than 4%) and good recovery (0.1 mM FFA: 98-100%, 0.02
      mM: 91-105%). The free fatty acids could be determined in the range from 20 pmol
      to 20 nmol.

PMID- 3407912
TI  - Assay of cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity in rat hepatocytes in primary
      monolayer culture.
AB  - A sensitive and precise method is described to assay cholesterol 7 alpha
      hydroxylase activity in homogenates of rat hepatocytes cultured in monolayers for
      up to 76 h. The assay is based on measurement of the amount of radioactive
      cholesterol converted into 7 alpha-[14C]-hydroxycholesterol. Since no subcellular
      fractionation was applied to measure enzyme activity, this method is rapid and
      can be performed with cell protein, corresponding to as little as 1 to 2 million
      hepatocytes. Optimal assay conditions were determined and the reproducibility of
      this cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase determination was established. Exogenous
      cholesterol (105 microM), solubilized in Tween 80, was added to saturate the
      enzyme, giving an apparent Km of 56 microM. Under these conditions, 70% of the
      cholesterol present in the homogenates is directly accessible to the cholesterol
      7 alpha-hydroxylase. The detection limit of the assay was found to be about 10
      pmol per incubation. A time course of the cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase
      activity in cultured hepatocytes revealed that after an initial loss of
      approximately 60% of the activity as compared with 287 pmol/h/mg for freshly
      isolated cells, the enzyme activity was increased to the initial level in
      hepatocytes cultured for 52 h. This result and the finding that the cholesterol 7
      alpha-hydroxylase activity was diminished by 94% after a 24-h incubation with 5
      microM cycloheximide suggest that the enzyme activity is associated with de novo
      protein synthesis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3407913
TI  - Selective isolation of newly synthesized mammalian mRNA after in vivo labeling
      with 4-thiouridine or 6-thioguanosine.
AB  - Newly synthesized mRNA from hamster cells was labeled in vivo with the
      thionucleoside analogs 4-thiouridine (4-TU) and 6-thioguanosine (6-TG). The thio
      substituted RNA was selectively recovered by Affi-Gel 501 phenylmercury affinity
      chromatography. Following a 1-h labeling period, enrichment for newly transcribed
      RNA after a single round of chromatography ranged between 10- and 15-fold when
      compared with total RNA. Exposure of CHO UrdA- cells, a uridine auxotrophic line,
      to 50 microM 4-TU allowed for optimal recovery of newly transcribed RNA.
      Increasing the concentration of 4-TU to 100 microM or labeling with 6-TG at
      concentrations of 3 microM or greater resulted in similar recoveries from uridine
      prototrophic hamster cell lines. For shorter term labeling, exposure of
      prototrophic cells to 500 microM 4-TU or 100 microM 6-TG for 15 min allowed newly
      synthesized RNA to be selectively recovered. As a specific test case, enrichment
      for histone H3.2 mRNA was analyzed after hamster cells were labeled with 4-TU
      under conditions in which the gene was highly transcriptionally active. Northern
      blot analysis and the specific activity of thio-substituted RNA revealed a 15
      fold enrichment when compared to total RNA. In vivo labeling of cellular RNA with
      4-TU or 6-TG should provide a useful method for studying inducible gene
      expression and for isolating and cloning specific mRNAs from mammalian cells.

PMID- 3407914
TI  - Assay of acetohydroxyacid synthase.
AB  - Acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS), also known as acetolactate synthase, has
      received attention recently because of the finding that it is the site of action
      of several new herbicides. The most commonly used assay for detecting the enzyme
      is spectrophotometric involving an indirect detection of the product
      acetolactate. The assay involves the conversion of the end product acetolactate
      to acetoin and the detection of acetoin via the formation of a creatine and
      naphthol complex. There is considerable variability in the literature as to the
      details of this assay. We have investigated a number of factors involved in
      detecting AHAS in crude ammonium sulfate precipitates using this
      spectrophotometric method. Substrate and cofactor saturation levels, pH optimum,
      and temperature optimum have been determined. We have also optimized a number of
      factors involved in the generation and the detection of acetoin from
      acetolactate. The results of these experiments can serve as a reference for new
      investigators in the study of AHAS.

PMID- 3407915
TI  - Quantitation of hyaluronic acid in tissues by ion-pair reverse-phase high
      performance liquid chromatography of oligosaccharide cleavage products.
AB  - A method for quantifying hyaluronic acid in biological tissues and fluids is
      described. The assay uses ion-pair HPLC to resolve and quantify the
      oligosaccharide end products of Streptomyces hyaluronidase digestion. Tissue
      samples were solubilized by papain, and the nondiffusate after dialysis was
      exhaustively digested with Streptomyces hyaluronidase. The resulting
      tetrasaccharide and hexasaccharide cleavage products were resolved by reverse
      phase high-performance liquid chromatography in the presence of the ion-pairing
      agent, tetrabutylammonium phosphate. The saccharides were detected and quantified
      by their absorbance at 232 nm due to the alpha, beta-unsaturated carboxyl group
      generated by the eliminase reaction. In control experiments 93 +/- 3% of a
      hyaluronic acid standard so treated was reproducibly recovered as its tetra- and
      hexasaccharide cleavage products. As little as 0.5 microgram of the
      oligosaccharides could be quantified with no interference from a vast excess of
      chondroitin sulfate or other tissue components. The assay was applied to various
      types of human, bovine, and rabbit cartilage and to samples of other tissues
      including nucleus pulposus, annulus fibrosus, skin, aorta, cervix, cockscomb,
      synovial fluid, and vitreous humor. Results on human articular cartilage showed a
      linear increase in the content of hyaluronate from 0.1 to 0.5% of tissue dry
      weight between birth and 80 years of age.

PMID- 3407916
TI  - Purification of a hydrophobic surfactant peptide using high-performance liquid
      chromatography.
AB  - A 4- to 6-kDa hydrophobic peptide (SP4-6) was purified from human pulmonary
      surfactant. Sep Pak Florisil cartridges removed most of the lipids and the 18-kDa
      peptide. Analytical wide-pore reversed-phase HPLC column separated a single
      peptide that contained no detectable lipids (less than 1 nmol/2.5 micrograms
      protein). N-terminal analysis indicated that this peptide was pure, but the N
      terminal amino acid was blocked. The peptide was capable of restoring the in
      vitro surface properties of synthetic phospholipids, which is characteristic of
      native lung surfactant.

PMID- 3407917
TI  - Decrease of lipid extractability of chloroform-methanol upon water addition to
      human erythrocytes.
AB  - The yield of lipids extractable by chloroform-methanol 2:1 from human
      erythrocytes decreases as a function of the relative amount of water added to--or
      present in--the erythrocyte pellet prior to the lipid extraction. Only slight
      modifications are observed as long as the volume of water does not exceed that of
      the red blood cell pellet. As the volume of added water increases, the
      phosphatidylserine recovery drops dramatically and tends to zero while the yield
      of the other phospholipids remains unchanged. This phenomenon is not observed
      when the lipids are extracted by a mixture of isopropanol-chloroform.

PMID- 3407918
TI  - Detection of biotinylated nucleic acid hybrids by antibody-coated gold colloid.
AB  - A simple and sensitive nonradioactive method for detecting biotinylated nucleic
      acid hybrids on nitrocellulose paper is described. The method employs anti-biotin
      antibody-coated gold colloid and silver enhancement. Comparative results indicate
      sensitivity similar to that of a commonly used enzymatic colorimetric detection
      method.

PMID- 3407919
TI  - Distribution of biogenic amines in the cricket central nervous system.
AB  - The distribution of biogenic amines, their precursors, and metabolites in the
      central nervous system (CNS) of the cricket was determined using HPLC with
      electrochemical detection. Three biogenic amines, octopamine (OA), dopamine (DA),
      and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT); two precursors, tyramine and tryptophan; and two
      metabolites, synephrine and 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid, were detected in all
      ganglia. In the brain, 5-HT occurred in the largest quantities followed by OA,
      while in other ganglia OA occurred in the largest quantities followed by 5-HT and
      DA. In all ganglia, the amount of OA was two to nine times greater than that of
      DA. The results are discussed in comparison with different insect species.

PMID- 3407920
TI  - Colorimetric detection of the hydroxyl radical: comparison of the hydroxyl
      radical-generating ability of various iron complexes.
AB  - An aromatic substrate for hydroxylation by OH radicals has been synthesized.
      Neither the substrate nor its hydroxylated product binds either iron(III) or
      iron(II). A spectrophotometric assay based on the hydroxylation of this
      substrate, N,N'-(5-nitro-1,3-phenylene)bisglutaramide, is described.

PMID- 3407921
TI  - Detection of carrier heterogeneity by rate of ligand dialysis: medium-chain fatty
      acid interaction with human serum albumin and competition with chloride.
AB  - Binding equilibria for decanoate, octanoate, and hexanoate to defatted human
      serum albumin were investigated by dialysis exchange rate determinations in 66 mM
      sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.4, 37 degrees C. The binding isotherms for
      decanoate and octanoate could not be fitted by the general binding equation. It
      was necessary to assume the presence of two albumin components, one with high
      affinity and one with low affinity, about 0.65 of the albumin having high binding
      affinity. The first stoichiometric binding constants for the high- and low
      affinity albumin components were 1.1 X 10(7) and 1.4 X 10(5) M-1, respectively,
      for decanoate; 1.6 X 10(6) and 3.5 X 10(4) for octanoate; and 7.1 X 10(4) and 8.0
      X 10(2) M-1 for hexanoate. The high-affinity albumin component binds 1 mol
      decanoate, 1 mol octanoate, or 2 mol hexanoate more than is bound to the low
      affinity component. Chloride ions compete with the high-affinity binding of all
      three ligands. Albumin dimer, present in the commercial human serum albumin, has
      approximately the same binding properties as the monomer. Mercaptalbumin,
      isolated from the preparation, also consists of two proteins, with first
      stoichiometric binding constants 8.0 X 10(6) and 1.4 X 10(5) M-1 for decanoate,
      approximately 0.5 of the mercaptalbumin having high affinity.

PMID- 3407922
TI  - Enzymatic assay for 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA and 2-trans-enoyl-CoA intermediates of beta
      oxidation.
AB  - An enzymatic assay is presented for determining 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA and 2-trans
      enoyl-CoA esters in tissue samples. The procedure includes extraction of acyl-CoA
      esters from frozen tissue samples with chloroform/methanol, stochiometric
      oxidation of the acyl esters to 3-keto-acyl-CoAs with 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA
      dehydrogenase in the presence or absence of enoyl-CoA hydratase, and an enzymatic
      cycling amplification of NADH produced for fluorometric determination. The
      procedure allows measurement of these intermediates of beta-oxidation at the
      picomole level. The method has been used successfully to measure the
      concentrations of 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA and 2-trans-enoyl-CoA esters in isolated rat
      hearts perfused with glucose or oleate or under anoxia.

PMID- 3407923
TI  - Analyses of N-linked oligosaccharides using a two-dimensional mapping technique.
AB  - We propose a two-dimensional sugar map method for the simple, reproducible, and
      sensitive analysis of the structures of N-linked oligosaccharides. The structure
      of an unknown oligosaccharide can be characterized from its position on the map.
      The data base for the sugar map is prepared by the use of 113 kinds of standard
      oligosaccharides, 58 of whose structures have been confirmed by 1H NMR
      spectroscopy. The present method involves six steps, (i) preparation of
      oligosaccharides from glycopeptides by N-oligosaccharide glycopeptidase (almond)
      digestion, (ii) derivatization of the reducing ends of oligosaccharides with a
      fluorescent reagent, 2-amino-pyridine, by using sodium cyanoborohydride, (iii)
      separation of oligosaccharide derivatives by high-performance liquid
      chromatography with an ODS-silica column, (iv) analysis of the size of each
      separated oligosaccharide on an amide-silica column, (v) plotting of the elution
      position of a sample on the two-dimensional sugar map obtained for the standard
      oligosaccharides, and (vi) structural analysis of the oligosaccharides by a
      combination of sequential exoglycosidase digestion and the steps (iii-v). The
      present method was applied to the identification of the structures of
      oligosaccharides in hen ovalbumin. It was found that two unusual oligosaccharides
      that have not yet been reported exist in ovalbumin.

PMID- 3407924
TI  - Preparation of a verifiable peptide-protein immunogen: direction-controlled
      conjugation of a synthetic fragment of the monitor peptide with myoglobin and
      application for sequence analysis.
AB  - A useful method for preparing a synthetic peptide-carrying protein for specific
      antibody production was established. The monitor peptide is a trypsin-sensitive
      cholecystokinin-releasing peptide purified from rat pancreatic juice on the basis
      of its stimulatory activity toward pancreatic enzyme secretion. The NH2-terminus
      fragment of the monitor peptide (residues 1-14) was synthesized by a solid phase
      method. Cysteine at the COOH terminus of the fragment was conjugated with amino
      groups of myoglobin using a hetero-bifunctional reagent. Sequence analysis of the
      fragment-myoglobin conjugate indicated that the peptide/myoglobin conjugation
      ratio was about 1/1 (mol/mol). Antiserum against the conjugate from a rabbit
      effectively abolished the stimulatory activity of the monitor peptide in the rat
      small intestine.

PMID- 3407925
TI  - Sequestration electrochemistry: the interaction of chlorpromazine and human
      orosomucoid.
AB  - A simple and rapid method is presented for determination of the association
      constants and stoichiometries describing ligand macromolecule interactions. Based
      on flow injection analysis and electrochemical detection by amperometry, the only
      requirements for direct measurements are that the ligand have redox properties
      and that these properties change upon binding to the macromolecule. Bound ligand
      may then be measured in the presence of free ligand. Detection limits are of the
      order of 2 pmol of ligand or less, a level that should provide access to
      previously unmeasurable systems. For the exemplary system, chlorpromazine and
      human orosomucoid, K0ass was determined as 0.39 X 10(6) M-1 with 0.76
      chlorpromazine binding sites of this affinity per orosomucoid molecule.

PMID- 3407926
TI  - Separation of the proteins present in pancreatic juice using hydrophobic
      interaction chromatography.
AB  - We have previously described a method for separating pancreatic juice proteins by
      reversed-phase HPLC. However, the solvents used in such a system denature the
      proteins, whose characterization therefore depends solely on molecular weight
      determinations. We have therefore tested the suitability of hydrophobic
      interaction chromatography as an alternative method of separation. Using a TSK
      phenyl 5PW column with a decreasing, four-stage ammonium sulfate concentration
      gradient, it was possible to separate the major proteins in rat pancreatic juice.
      The identity of each protein was confirmed by measuring its molecular weight and
      by assaying its enzyme activity. Hydrophobic interaction chromatography
      represents an improved system for separating pancreatic secretory enzymes in
      active form.

PMID- 3407927
TI  - A filtration assay for solubilized prolactin receptors using polyethyleneimine
      treated membrane filters.
AB  - Free 125I-labeled ovine prolactin can be separated from detergent-solubilized
      prolactin-receptor complex by filtration on triacetate membrane filters
      pretreated with polyethyleneimine. Up to 98% of the total 3-[(3
      cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate solubilized prolactin
      receptor complexes from rat liver bound to polyethyleneimine-treated membranes.
      This simple and rapid technique can be used to quantitate solubilized prolactin
      receptor complexes.

PMID- 3407928
TI  - Analysis of strongly acidic amino acids by the conventional amino acid analyzer:
      application to determination of protein-bound cysteine and glutathione.
AB  - A rapid analysis method of strongly acidic amino acids and related compounds by a
      simple modification of an existing amino acid analyzer is presented. In this
      method, an anion-exchanger column (2.6 X 150 mm) packed with Hitachi 3013-N resin
      was developed with 0.2 M citric acid. Complete separation of phosphothreonine,
      phosphoserine, phosphotyrosine, cysteic acid, homocysteic acid, and
      glutathionesulfonic acid was achieved within 35 min, with no regeneration of the
      column being required. Tyrosine-O-sulfate was analyzed by the same column using 2
      M sodium acetate buffer, pH 5.5. Performic acid oxidation of a variety of
      proteins and direct analysis of the products by this system successfully detected
      cysteine, homocysteine, and/or glutathione bound to proteins through disulfide
      bonds. This suggest the potential use of the method for analysis of the states of
      protein thiol groups, especially those of clinically significant mutant proteins
      where mutation of arginine to cysteine is rather frequently recognized.

PMID- 3407929
TI  - Analytical isoelectric focusing of apolipoprotein B of human plasma low-density
      lipoproteins in the presence of a nonionic and a zwitterionic detergent.
AB  - A method for the analytical isoelectric focusing of Nonidet-P40-delipidated
      apolipoprotein B of human plasma low-density lipoproteins has been developed.
      Isoelectric focusing was performed in the presence of the zwitterionic
      nondenaturing detergent Chaps, 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)-dimethylammonio]-1-propane
      sulfonate, and the nonionic surfactant Nonidet-P40, polyoxyethyleneglycol p-t
      octylphenol with a mean of 9.0 ethylene oxide units per molecule. Low-density
      lipoprotein (LDL) apolipoprotein B (apo-B) entered 3.75% polyacrylamide gels
      without precipitation at the sites of sample application, permitting apoprotein
      recoveries of greater than 90% in the migrating bands. LDL apo-B exhibited 10
      distinguishable bands with apparent isoelectric points of 7.34 (band 1), 7.27
      (band 2), 7.16 (band 3), 7.02 (band 4), 6.88 (band 5), 6.70 (band 6), 6.61 (band
      7), 6.48 (band 8), 6.40 (band 9), and 6.24 (band 10), respectively. Bands 3 and
      4, 6 and 7, as well as 8 and 9 could be identified as major double bands. When
      the focused apo-B was run in a second dimension by sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the same relative molecular weight of B-100
      was obtained for all focused bands. After electrotransfer to nitrocellulose
      paper, all bands reacted with polyclonal anti-human LDL antibody. Furthermore,
      the detergent-solubilized apo-B retained the immunological properties of native
      low-density lipoproteins when tested by double immunodiffusion against polyvalent
      anti-human LDL sera.

PMID- 3407930
TI  - Dodecyl maltoside-sodium dodecyl sulfate two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis of chloroplast thylakoid membrane proteins.
AB  - A two-dimensional electrophoretic system has been developed for the separation of
      chloroplast thylakoid membrane proteins. This system incorporates nondenaturing
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of the nonionic detergent
      dodecyl-beta-D-maltoside in the first dimension and sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the second dimension. Thylakoid membranes
      isolated from Spinacia oleracea were solubilized in 1.0% dodecyl-beta-D-maltoside
      and separated in 4-7% linear acrylamide gradient tube gels which contained 0.05%
      dodecyl-beta-D-maltoside. After electrophoresis, the tube gels were equilibrated
      with a sodium dodecyl sulfate-containing equilibration buffer and applied to a
      12.5-20% acrylamide linear gradient gel. The Lammelli buffer system was used in
      both dimensions. The two-dimensional gels were analyzed by staining sequentially
      with 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine-H2O2, Coomassie blue, and silver staining. A
      number of protein components were identified on "Western blots" of these two
      dimensional gels by immunological localization. Membrane protein complexes such
      as the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b protein complex, photosystem I,
      photosystem II, the cytochrome b6/f complex and ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase
      appear to migrate as essentially intact complexes in the first dimension and
      appear as vertical series of resolved subunits in the second dimension. This
      technique complements isoelectric focusing/sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis in providing additional information concerning the subunit
      composition of membrane protein complexes and may prove to be of general utility
      for studying the protein composition of other membrane systems.

PMID- 3407931
TI  - Identifying inhibitors of queuine modification of tRNA in cultured cells.
AB  - Altered queuine modification of tRNA has been associated with cellular
      development, differentiation, and neoplastic transformation. Present methods of
      evaluating agents for their ability to induce queuine hypomodification of tRNA
      are tedious, time-consuming, and not readily amenable to examining cell-type or
      tissue specificity. Therefore, a rapid, small-scale assay was developed to
      identify agents that alter queuine modification of tRNA in cultured cells.
      Monolayer cultures (2cm2) of Chinese hamster embryo cells depleted of queuine for
      24 h were evaluated for their ability to incorporate [3H]dihydroqueuine into acid
      precipitable material (tRNA) in the presence and absence of potential inhibitors.
      Known inhibitors of the queuine modification enzyme tRNA-guanine
      ribosyltransferase (e.g., 7-methylguanine, 6-thio-guanine, and 8-azaguanine) were
      very effective in blocking incorporation of the radiolabel, and the dose
      dependent results exhibited small standard deviations in independent experiments.
      The data indicate that the method is rapid, reliable, and potentially useful with
      a variety of cell types.

PMID- 3407932
TI  - Isolation of proteins for peptide mapping, amino acid analyses, and sequencing
      using disulfide crosslinked polyacrylamide gels.
AB  - Conditions for recovery of small amounts of proteins (1-50 micrograms) from
      disulfide crosslinked polyacrylamide gels have been examined. Procedures were
      developed for solubilization and precipitation of Coomassie blue-stained protein
      bands excised from gels after electrophoretic separations. The precipitated
      protein was then resolubilized for use in peptide mapping, amino acid analyses,
      or microsequencing. The amino acid compositions of standard proteins (bovine
      albumin, ovalbumin, phosphorylase b, and beta-galactosidase) isolated by this
      method were in good agreement with the values for the corresponding
      conventionally purified proteins. Sequencing was done with high repetitive yield
      on samples of 100 pmol or below. The method has been successfully applied to
      several proteins and protein fragments.

PMID- 3407933
TI  - A direct microassay for serum retinol (vitamin A alcohol) by using size-exclusion
      high-pressure liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection.
AB  - Serum retinol (bound to plasma retinol-binding protein, RBP) can be determined by
      direct injection of as little as 20 microliter of serum or plasma by using size
      exclusion high-pressure liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC) with fluorescence
      detection. Toyo Soda TSK G-3000SW columns (0.75 X 7.5-cm guard column plus 0.75 X
      30-cm analytical column) were eluted with 0.2 M NaCl/0.01 M phosphate buffer (pH
      6.8) at 1 ml/min, with detection at 280 nm for protein elution. Fluorescence of
      the retinol-RBP complex was monitored with excitation at 334 nm (interference
      filter) and emission at 425 nm (long-pass filter). The retinol-RBP complex eluted
      as two peaks, the holo-RBP-transthyretin complex (apparent molecular weight
      70,000) and holo-RBP (apparent molecular weight 9000). Identities of these peaks
      were established by immunodiffusion assay of the proteins and by extraction and
      analysis of retinol. Nonideal interactions with the column packing seem to be
      responsible for the low apparent molecular weight of holo-RBP. The first peak
      predominated when large volumes of serum (100 to 250 microliters) were injected,
      and the second when small volumes (5 to 50 microliters) were analyzed. The
      integrated area of the two fluorescence peaks due to retinol bound to RBP was
      proportional to the volume of a serum sample injected over the range 5 to 250
      microliters.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3407934
TI  - Determination of triacylglycerols in serum by capillary gas chromatography with
      trinonadecanoylglycerol as internal standard.
AB  - An accurate capillary gas-chromatographic method with trinonadecanoylglycerol as
      internal standard for determining triacylglycerols in human serum and other
      biological sources is described. After serum extraction, total triacylglycerol
      and triacylglycerol species (differing in the number of carbon atoms in the acyl
      radicals) are directly determined without any further sample manipulation. In
      addition, from the same gas-chromatographic run the data obtained by the
      integrator record are compared with those of a computer data acquisition system.
      Evaluation of the triacylglycerol values resulted in a coefficient of variation
      (CV) of 2.08% (computer evaluation). Simultaneous evaluation of data obtained
      from tripalmitoylglycerol and tristearoylglycerol standards resulted in CV of
      2.04 and 1.99%, respectively (computer evaluation), and 6.63 and 4.84%,
      respectively (integrator evaluation). Gas chromatography at lower elution
      temperature resulted in better separations but enhanced CV values up to about 4%.
      Triacylglycerol values were not influenced by storage of plasma at -20 degrees C
      up to 4 days prior to extraction.

PMID- 3407935
TI  - Quantitation of free sphingosine in liver by high-performance liquid
      chromatography.
AB  - Conditions were established for the extraction of free sphingosine from liver and
      the separation and quantitation of this and other long-chain (sphingoid) bases
      (e.g., sphingosine, sphinganine, phytosphingosine, and homologs) by reverse-phase
      high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The long-chain bases were
      extracted with chloroform and methanol and then treated with base to remove
      interfering lipids. After preparation of the o-phthalaldehyde derivatives, the
      long-chain bases could be separated using C18 columns eluted isocratically with
      methanol:5 mM potassium phosphate, pH 7.0 (90:10). The HPLC analyses took 15 to
      20 min per sample and had lower limits of detection in the picomole range.
      Quantitation was facilitated by using a 20-carbon long-chain base homolog as an
      internal standard. The utility of the method was demonstrated with rat liver,
      providing the first quantitation of free sphingosine in this tissue of
      approximately 7 nmol/g wet wt.

PMID- 3407936
TI  - Isotopic separations of the drug N-0437 and its diastereoisomeric glucuronides by
      high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - During the investigations of the metabolic pathways of the new dopaminergic drug
      N-0437 we encountered a substantial difference in HPLC-retention times between
      the metabolites, detected by a uv spectrophotometer, and their tritium-labeled
      markers, measured off-line by a scintillation counter. These distinct retention
      times can be ascribed to a phenomenon known as isotopic fractionation. In this
      article we quantified the isotopic separation by reversed-phase HPLC of the
      unlabeled N-0437, its deuterated and tritiated analogs, and their corresponding
      glucuronides, synthesized in vitro by rat liver microsomes. In the separation of
      the glucuronides we demonstrated that this isotope effect is dependent largely on
      the eluent pH.

PMID- 3407937
TI  - Presence of diguanosine tri, tetra-, and pentaphosphates in commercial samples of
      GTP and guanosine 5'-tetraphosphate.
AB  - Commercial samples of GTP and guanosine 5'-tetraphosphate were analyzed, with or
      without previous treatment with alkaline phosphatase, by high-pressure liquid
      chromatography on a Hypersil ODS column. They showed the presence of diguanosine
      5',5"'-Pl,Pn-tri, tetra-, and pentaphosphates in varying amounts depending on the
      sample, but usually in proportions of around 0.3%.

PMID- 3407938
TI  - Fluorometric continuous kinetic assay of alpha-chymotrypsin using new protease
      substrates possessing long-wave excitation and emission maxima.
AB  - A direct and continuous kinetic method for the fluorometric determination of
      alpha-chymotrypsin and trypsin is described, and 2-aminoacridone (2-AA) is
      introduced as a promising new fluorophore in analytical biochemistry. N-Succinyl-
      and N-glutaryl-phenylalanine as well as N-benzoylarginine were coupled to 2-AA
      via a peptide bond and the resulting fluorogenic substrates are shown to be
      cleaved by the two enzymes. Since the substrate and product of hydrolysis have
      quite different spectral properties, the increase in the long-wave fluorescence
      of 2-AA (measured at 570 nm under 450-nm excitation) is a parameter for the
      enzyme activity. Chymotrypsin (0.5 microgram/ml) and trypsin (0.1 microgram/ml)
      were detectable in a 3-min assay. The major advantages of the new substrates over
      existing ones are the analytical wavelengths which are distinctly outside the
      background fluorescence of most biological matter and the somewhat faster
      reaction rates which can reduce the time of analysis.

PMID- 3407939
TI  - Liquid chromatographic determination of amino acids using a hollow-fiber membrane
      reactor.
AB  - A high-performance liquid chromatographic method using a passive hollow-fiber
      membrane reactor (HFMR) has been developed for the determination of amino acids.
      This method involves gradient elution of 18 common amino acids on a C18 column
      using sodium octanesulfonate as an ion-pairing agent, postcolumn derivatization
      with o-phthalaldehyde and 2-mercaptoethanol (combined with hypochlorite oxidation
      for the imino acid proline) introduced into the main flow stream using sulfonated
      and aminated HFMRs immersed in the reagent solutions, and fluorometric detection
      of derivatives (lambda ex = 340 nm, lambda em = 450 nm). The detection limits of
      the proposed method were 0.4 to 20 pmol for each amino acid at a signal-to-noise
      ratio of 3. For 18 amino acids in amounts of 250-2500 pmol, the precisions were
      on the order of 1.5-4.8% (relative standard deviation, n = 10). The assay of
      amino acids in a protein hydrolysate sample by the proposed method is also
      described.

PMID- 3407940
TI  - Firefly luciferase luminescence assays using scintillation counters for
      quantitation in transfected mammalian cells.
AB  - The firefly enzyme luciferase catalyzes the luminescent reaction of luciferin
      with ATP and oxygen. The luciferase gene has recently been cloned and proposed as
      a reporter gene in procaryotic and eucaryotic cells. We present here a luciferase
      activity assay which relies on luminescence detection using a standard
      scintillation counter. This technique is simple, fast, inexpensive, and still
      very sensitive: as little as 0.02 pg (250,000 molecules) of enzyme is readily
      detected. The technique is optimized for the luciferase assay in mammalian cell
      lysates. Thus, the luciferase gene may become a very useful tool for gene
      regulation studies.

PMID- 3407941
TI  - A device facilitating the opening of ampoules.
AB  - A device which facilitates the opening of ampoules is described. It consists of a
      partially cut-away bent rigid tube, with an internal diameter approximately 8%
      greater than the external diameter of the ampoule, and is able to hold the
      ampoule at one end while downward pressure is applied at the other, thereby
      causing the ampoule to break open at a prestressed point.

PMID- 3407942
TI  - Affinity surfactants as reversibly bound ligands for high-performance affinity
      chromatography.
AB  - Pyridine was coupled covalently to a nonionic ethoxylated alcohol: octaethylene
      glycol n-hexadecyl ether. This modified surfactant was found to be a reversible,
      competitive inhibitor of horse serum cholinesterase. The surfactant bound
      irreversibly, in aqueous media, to octadecyl-bounded reverse phase silica
      particles commonly used for high-performance liquid chromatography. The amount of
      ligand bound was found to be 550 mumol/ml of packing, a concentration that is
      over 100 times higher than what can be normally bound to agarose affinity
      chromatography supports. With this packing, a 280-fold purification of
      cholinesterase from horse serum and a 79-fold purification of human serum
      cholinesterase were accomplished, with yields greater than 80%, using a 2-cm-long
      column and a 7-min elution time. The affinity surfactant could be eluted from the
      column using a 6:4 (v/v) mixture of methanol and isopropanol. This technique
      should be generally applicable in the development of biospecific supports for
      high-performance affinity chromatography.

PMID- 3407943
TI  - Lysozyme oligomers as a molecular mass standard for sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
AB  - Egg white lysozyme treated with hypochlorous acid links together producing di-,
      tri-, tetra-, and pentameric derivatives with molecular masses ranging from
      14,300 to 90,500. Similar oligomeric products may be obtained by treating
      lysozyme color derivatives produced by labeling lysozyme with fluorescein,
      trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid and 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene, with hypochlorous
      acid. The oligomeric lysozyme derivatives thus obtained consist of a mixture of
      proteins with molecular masses equal to multiples of 14,300 (lysozyme molecular
      mass). This mixture can be applied as a set of molecular mass standards suitable
      for determination of protein molecular masses on sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

PMID- 3407944
TI  - Plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) properties and characteristics of valinomycin
      electrodes. Current-time responses to voltage steps.

PMID- 3407945
TI  - Analytical and mechanistic aspects of the electrochemical oxidation of keto
      steroids derivatized with phenylhydrazine, (4-nitrophenyl)hydrazine, and (2,4
      dinitrophenyl)hydrazine.

PMID- 3407946
TI  - Simultaneous multielemental analysis of some environmental and biological samples
      by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry.

PMID- 3407947
TI  - Automated fluorometric determination of formaldehyde in air.

PMID- 3407948
TI  - Fiber-optic biosensors based on the fluorometric detection of reduced
      nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide.

PMID- 3407949
TI  - Plasma desorption mass spectrometry of peptides adsorbed on nitrocellulose from a
      glutathione matrix.

PMID- 3407950
TI  - What was leaking from a hazardous-waste dump in Niagara Falls, N.Y.?

PMID- 3407951
TI  - Quantitation of ethyl carbamate in whiskey, sherry, port, and wine by gas
      chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry using a triple quadrupole mass
      spectrometer.

PMID- 3407952
TI  - Use of salicylaldehyde carbohydrazone as a reagent for the determination of trace
      amounts of zinc in biological samples and alloys.

PMID- 3407953
TI  - Kinetic-fluorimetric determination of flavonoids at the nanomole level.

PMID- 3407954
TI  - Stopped-flow fluorimetric determination of theophylline in pharmaceutical
      preparations.

PMID- 3407955
TI  - Ratios of Fourier to orthogonal function coefficients: spectrophotometric
      determination of tetraenes in amphotericin B.

PMID- 3407956
TI  - Determination of lead in blood using flow injection and a nebuliser interface for
      flame atomic absorption spectrometry.

PMID- 3407957
TI  - Determination of mebendazole and its formulations using 1H nuclear magnetic
      resonance spectrometry.

PMID- 3407958
TI  - Comparison of voltammetric and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometric
      methods for the direct determination of inorganic platinum in urine.

PMID- 3407959
TI  - Voltammetric determination of pentachlorophenol at a glassy carbon electrode.

PMID- 3407960
TI  - Determination of isomethiozin by differential-pulse polarography.

PMID- 3407961
TI  - Determination of calcium and magnesium in milk by complexometric titration using
      protein precipitation and complexation with palladiazo or other indicators.

PMID- 3407962
TI  - Bromimetric determination of some benzothiadiazine diuretics in dosage forms.

PMID- 3407963
TI  - Separation of inositol phosphates by high-performance ion-exchange
      chromatography.

PMID- 3407964
TI  - Liquid chromatography with amperometric detection for the determination of
      cephalosporins in biological fluids.

PMID- 3407965
TI  - Determination of naphthaleneacetic acid residue in apples by high-performance
      liquid chromatography.

PMID- 3407966
TI  - Fluorimetric determination of human serum albumin with eriochrome cyanine R.

PMID- 3407967
TI  - Elimination of avidin losses in radioligand-binding assay.

PMID- 3407968
TI  - Neurologic outcome in rats following incomplete cerebral ischemia during
      halothane, isoflurane, or N2O.
AB  - Using rats in which incomplete cerebral ischemia was induced, the authors
      evaluated the effects of halothane (H) and isoflurane (I) on neurologic outcome
      compared to nitrous oxide (N2O) controls. Incomplete cerebral ischemia was
      produced by right carotid artery occlusion combined with hemorrhagic hypotension.
      Neurologic outcome was evaluated using a graded deficit score from 0 to 5 (0 =
      normal, 5 = death associated with stroke). Two levels of cerebral ischemia were
      tested. At moderate ischemia with hypotension of 30 mmHg, an FIO2 of 0.3, and
      ischemic periods of 30 or 45 min, N2O produced a deficit of 4.7-5.0 and a
      mortality rate of 90-100%. In contrast, halothane (1 MAC) and isoflurane (1 MAC)
      resulted in similar deficit scores (H = 1.1-1.8, I = 1.4-1.6) and mortality rates
      (H = 17-30%, I = 17-20%). Cerebral blood flow (CBF) measured with radioactive
      microspheres showed a 60-65% decrease in the ischemic hemisphere at this level of
      hypotension. With severe ischemia with hypotension = 25 mmHg, FIO2 = 0.2, and a
      30-min period of ischemia, deficit scores increased to 3.0 and 3.9 with 1 MAC
      halothane and 1 MAC isoflurane, respectively. Mortality rates also increased to
      40% with halothane and 70% with isoflurane. Increasing the concentration of
      halothane or isoflurane to 2 MAC did not significantly improve outcome. Brain
      histology demonstrated extensive neuronal damage in striatal, hippocampal, and
      neocortical regions of N2O control treated rats, and less damage with little
      difference between H- and I-treated rats at each level of ischemia.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3407969
TI  - The influence of ketamine on regional brain glucose use.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different doses of
      ketamine on cerebral function at the level of individual brain structures as
      reflected by glucose use. Rats received either 5 or 30 mg/kg ketamine
      intravenously as a loading dose, followed by an infusion to maintain a steady
      state level of the drug. An additional group received 30 mg/kg as a single
      injection only, and was studied 20 min later, by which time they were recovering
      consciousness (withdrawal group). Regional brain energy metabolism was evaluated
      with [6-14C]glucose and quantitative autoradiography during a 5-min experimental
      period. A subhypnotic, steady-state dose (5 mg/kg) of ketamine caused a
      stimulation of glucose use in most brain areas, with an average increase of 20%.
      At the larger steady-state dose (30 mg/kg, which is sufficient to cause
      anesthesia), there was no significant effect on most brain regions; some sensory
      nuclei were depressed (inferior colliculus, -29%; cerebellar dentate nucleus, 
      18%; vestibular nucleus, -16%), but glucose use in the ventral posterior
      hippocampus was increased by 33%. In contrast, during withdrawal from a 30-mg/kg
      bolus, there was a stimulation of glucose use throughout the brain (21-78%), at a
      time when plasma ketamine levels were similar to the levels in the 5 mg/kg group.
      At each steady-state dose, as well as during withdrawal, ketamine caused a
      notable stimulation of glucose use by the hippocampus.

PMID- 3407970
TI  - Biotransformation of isoflurane: urinary and serum fluoride ion and organic
      fluorine.
AB  - The serum and urinary concentrations of fluorinated metabolites of isoflurane
      after inhalation of three different concentrations of isoflurane were studied in
      18 ASA physical status 1 or 2 patients, scheduled for orthopedic or otolaryngeal
      surgery. Isoflurane was administered for 60 min during fentanyl-nitrous oxide
      oxygen, and its end-tidal concentration was maintained at 0.3, 0.6, or 1.15%
      (groups I, II, and III). The organic fluorine was determined by combustion and
      fluoride ions were analyzed by ion chromatography. The amounts were expressed in
      terms of fluoride ion. The concentrations of serum fluoride ion and organic
      fluorine increased significantly 15 min after the onset of inhalation of
      isoflurane. The mean peak values of fluoride ions were 3.8 +/- 1.1, 3.9 +/- 1.4,
      and 4.2 +/- 0.9 mumole/1 (M +/- SD) in patients in groups I, II, and III,
      respectively. The half-lives of fluoride ion and of organic fluorine as
      metabolites of isoflurane, calculated from the amounts excreted in urine, were 36
      h and 41 h, respectively. The cumulative amounts of fluoride ion and organic
      fluorine excreted up to the 6th postoperative day were 548 +/- 230 and 785 +/-
      452 mumoles in group I, 594 +/- 138 and 1,378 +/- 807 mumoles in group II, and
      1,032 +/- 496 and 728 +/- 265 mumoles (M +/- SD) in group III, respectively. The
      urinary excreted fluoride ion increased in proportion to the dose of isoflurane
      and approximately 1.3 mmol was excreted per 1 MAC X hour inhalation of
      isoflurane. The authors concluded that isoflurane might be biotransformed to a
      greater extent than reported previously, although the serum fluoride ion level
      was found to be low.

PMID- 3407971
TI  - Intraoperative myocardial ischemia: localization by continuous 12-lead
      electrocardiography.
AB  - Based primarily on results obtained during exercise treadmill testing,
      electrocardiographic (ECG) leads II and V5 are the suggested optimal leads for
      detecting intraoperative myocardial ischemia. However, these recommendations have
      not been validated in this setting using all 12 ECG leads. Accordingly, the
      authors studied 105 patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease
      (CAD) undergoing noncardiac surgery with general anesthesia by continuously
      recording the 12-lead ECG intraoperatively in all patients. The average duration
      of monitoring was 8.2 +/- 2.7 h (mean +/- SD). Ischemic episodes (i.e., greater
      than or equal to 1-mm horizontal or downsloping ST depression, greater than or
      equal to 1.5-mm slowly upsloping ST depression or greater than or equal to 1.5-mm
      ST elevation in a non-Q wave lead) occurred in 25 patients (24%). Out of 51
      ischemic episodes, 45 involved ST depression alone, and the remaining six
      involved both ST depression and elevation. ST segment changes occurred in a
      single lead only in 14 episodes, while multiple leads were involved in 37
      episodes. Lead sensitivity was estimated assuming that all ST segment changes
      were true positive responses. Sensitivity using a single lead was greatest in V5
      (75%) and V4 (61%), and intermediate in II, V3, and V6 (33%, 24%, and 37%,
      respectively). The remaining seven leads demonstrated very low sensitivity (2
      14%) or exhibited no ischemic changes (I and a VL). Combining leads V4 and V5
      increased sensitivity to 90%, while the standard clinical combination, II and V5,
      was only 80% sensitive. Sensitivity increased to 96% by combining II, V4, and V5.
      The further addition of V2 and V3 (five leads) increased sensitivity to 100%.
      This study confirms previous recommendations for the routine use of a V5 lead
      (either uni- or bipolar) in all patients at risk for ischemia. V4 is more
      sensitive than lead II, and should be considered as a second choice. However,
      lead II, superior for detection of atrial dysrhythmias, is more easily obtained
      with conventional monitors. The use of all three would appear to be the optimal
      arrangement for most clinical needs, and is recommended if the clinician has the
      capability.

PMID- 3407972
TI  - Heparin management for cardiopulmonary bypass in a patient with disseminated
      intravascular coagulation.

PMID- 3407973
TI  - Failure of prophylaxis with fresh frozen plasma after cardiopulmonary bypass.

PMID- 3407974
TI  - Rise in pulmonary arterial pressure following release of aortic crossclamp in
      abdominal aortic aneurysmectomy.

PMID- 3407975
TI  - Continuous infusion of bupivacaine via intrapleural catheter for analgesia after
      thoracotomy in children.

PMID- 3407976
TI  - Thoracic epidural anesthesia via caudal route in infants.

PMID- 3407977
TI  - Arterial blood pressure and heart rate response to lighted stylet or direct
      laryngoscopy for endotracheal intubation.

PMID- 3407978
TI  - Positioning the air aspiration pulmonary artery catheter introducer sheath by
      intravascular electrocardiography.

PMID- 3407979
TI  - Difficulty in endotracheal intubation due to congenital tracheal stenosis: a case
      report.

PMID- 3407980
TI  - Spiral needle electrodes for evoked potential monitoring.

PMID- 3407981
TI  - A modification of an Eschmann endotracheal tube changer for insufflation.

PMID- 3407982
TI  - Introducer sheath malfunction producing insidious air embolism.

PMID- 3407983
TI  - Should epidural fentanyl be given for labor and delivery in a patient with severe
      pulmonary hypertension?

PMID- 3407984
TI  - Should drugs be injected via stopcocks when caring for children?

PMID- 3407985
TI  - A less than rude awakening...

PMID- 3407986
TI  - Use of a cervical collar during monitored anesthesia care.

PMID- 3407987
TI  - Etiology of pain and altered consciousness following epidural injection of
      morphine.

PMID- 3407988
TI  - Muscle atrophy following nerve block therapy.

PMID- 3407989
TI  - Positioning the endotracheal tube in an infant with tracheoesophageal fistula.

PMID- 3407990
TI  - Influence of anesthetics on relaxation times.

PMID- 3407991
TI  - Training in retrograde intubation.

PMID- 3407992
TI  - [Correction of disorders of hemorheology and microcirculation during surgical
      treatment of patients with tetralogy of Fallot].

PMID- 3407993
TI  - [Anesthesiological management of roentgeno-endovascular interventions in patients
      with ischemic heart disease].

PMID- 3407994
TI  - [The problem of adequate general anesthesia].

PMID- 3407995
TI  - [Characteristics of hemodynamics in the intra-wall and mesenteric vessels of the
      digestive tract and cardiohemodynamics during general anesthesia in patients with
      circulatory insufficiency and various surgical diseases of the abdominal organs].

PMID- 3407996
TI  - [Arterial hypotension controlled by sodium nitroprusside during removal of peri
      stem tumors of sub- and supratentorial location].

PMID- 3407997
TI  - [Types of lateral test changes during examination of the respiratory function in
      patients with lung cancer].

PMID- 3407998
TI  - [Psychophysiological analysis of postoperative pain in children].

PMID- 3407999
TI  - [A method of intraosseous high-speed transfusion].

PMID- 3408000
TI  - [Autologous muscular assistor in cardiac insufficiency].

PMID- 3408001
TI  - [Hemodynamics of the lesser circulation in the early post-shock period after
      trauma].

PMID- 3408002
TI  - [Use of intravascular laser irradiation as a component of intensive therapy after
      clinical death].

PMID- 3408003
TI  - [Coenzyme pool and the functional status of erythrocytes in patients during
      sorption detoxication].

PMID- 3408004
TI  - [A method of central venous catheterization].

PMID- 3408005
TI  - [A method of measuring central venous pressure].

PMID- 3408006
TI  - [Preoperative correction of microcirculatory disorders in children with
      disseminated forms of chronic inflammatory lung disease].

PMID- 3408007
TI  - [Early pulmonary complications in patients operated on for acute peritonitis].

PMID- 3408008
TI  - [Acute ischemias caused by ergotamine. Analysis of 4 cases].

PMID- 3408009
TI  - [Arteriosclerotic aneurysm of the pedal artery].

PMID- 3408010
TI  - [A new external phleboextractor].

PMID- 3408011
TI  - ["Colpo di frusta" and "tennis leg," synonyms or not?].

PMID- 3408012
TI  - [Embolisms of the arm].

PMID- 3408013
TI  - Bacterial colonization and phlebitis-associated risk with transparent
      polyurethane film for peripheral intravenous site dressings.
AB  - Previous studies of various brands of polyurethane dressings have noted
      differences in the rates of catheter colonization. We compared Bioclusive
      transparent polyurethane (TP) dressing with a cotton gauze (CG) dressing on
      peripheral intravenous (IV) access sites for the incidence of phlebitis, catheter
      tip colonization, skin colonization, and catheter-related bacteremia. The study,
      involving 598 ward patients, was case controlled, prospective, and randomized for
      a period of 4 months. Each patient was entered into the study only once, and all
      dressings were applied by a member of the IV therapy team. No significant
      difference was seen for phlebitis rate (TP: 9.8% vs. CG: 7.6%) or catheter tip
      colonization, defined as greater than 15 colony forming units (CFU) (5.7% vs.
      4.4%) by a semiquantitative technique. Cultures of specimens from the skin and
      catheter tips of the majority of patients (91%) showed no growth. An association
      was found between those patients with greater than 15 CFU isolated from catheter
      tips and those with phlebitis (p = 0.022). No documented catheter-related
      bacteremia occurred in either study group.

PMID- 3408014
TI  - Infection control in correctional facilities: a new challenge.
AB  - The potential for communicable disease transmission in a prison setting is high.
      Infection control programs in correctional facilities must be designed (1) to
      develop effective systems for identification, prevention, and control of
      communicable diseases, (2) to collect data in a systematized way, and (3) to
      ensure follow-up and coordination of health care after release. The role and
      activities in which the infection control practitioner must engage include
      surveillance and reporting, administration, education, and consultation with
      correction personnel, local health agencies, and health care workers. Specific
      tasks within each of these areas require modification to meet the unique needs of
      correctional facilities.

PMID- 3408015
TI  - Risk factors for development of sepsis in a hospital outbreak of Enterobacter
      aerogenes.

PMID- 3408016
TI  - Outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus on a surgical service.

PMID- 3408017
TI  - Preparation for admission of a patient with acquired immunodeficiency virus to a
      long-term care facility.

PMID- 3408018
TI  - Report from the Certification Board of Infection Control. Revisions in the
      infection control certification examination.

PMID- 3408019
TI  - Restriction of bacterial growth under commercial catheter dressings.
AB  - The effect on the normal cutaneous flora after iodine and alcohol disinfection of
      the skin of three commercially available moisture-permeable polyurethane
      dressings was compared with that of a gauze-and-tape dressing. Dressings also
      were evaluated clinically for membrane adhesion and skin erythema, pruritus,
      hyperpigmentation, vesiculitis, and tenderness. Each of 50 healthy volunteers and
      49 long-term inpatients, 25 of whom were receiving antibiotic therapy, received
      simultaneously on their volar forearm patches of Op-Site, Tegaderm, Uniflex, and
      gauze dressings. Controls consisted of one exposed skin site and one covered with
      moisture-retaining vinylidene film (Saran Wrap). Although after 3 days of
      adhesion, commercial dressings prevented indigenous flora from returning to
      normal population densities, no significant quantitative differences were found
      between them and the gauze-and-tape dressing. Generally, all clinical dressings
      maintained normal flora at one tenth the population of the uncovered site; the
      Saran Wrap control supported 100-fold more bacteria than the exposed site. No
      differences were discovered in the levels of gram-negative bacteria, or among
      patient groups and between patients and healthy subjects, except for the lower
      incidence of erythema and itching among patients compared with healthy subjects.

PMID- 3408020
TI  - Three-year follow-up of risk factors correlated with new atherothrombotic brain
      infarction in 708 elderly patients.
AB  - A prospective study correlated cigarette smoking, systolic or diastolic
      hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, low serum high-density
      lipoprotein cholesterol, hypertriglyceridemia, and obesity with development of
      new atherothrombotic brain infarction in 192 elderly men and 516 elderly women.
      Mean follow-up was 36 +/- 6 months (range 19-39). New atherothrombotic brain
      infarction occurred in 24 of 192 men (13%) and in 63 of 516 women (12%),
      difference not significant. Risk factors for atherothrombotic brain infarction in
      elderly men were cigarette smoking (p less than 0.001), systolic or diastolic
      hypertension (p less than 0.001), and diabetes mellitus (p less than 0.005). Risk
      factors for atherothrombotic brain infarction in elderly women were systolic or
      diastolic hypertension (p less than 0.001), diabetes mellitus (p less than
      0.001), and obesity (p less than 0.005).

PMID- 3408021
TI  - Cardiac alterations in ankylosing spondylitis.
AB  - Forty patients, 30 men and 10 women with an average age of 38.47 +/- 11.07 years,
      suffering from ankylosing spondylitis and attending a Rheumatology Outpatient
      Clinic, were evaluated for cardiovascular involvement. The evaluation was based
      on patients' clinical observation, electrocardiography, echocardiography, and
      chest x-ray. More than a simple review, this study was undertaken with the aim of
      arriving at a better clinical definition of the cardiovascular manifestations
      found in ankylosing spondylitis. In fact, of the 40 patients, 8 (20%) had
      systemic hypertension for which an explanation could not be found, 4 of whom were
      less than forty-five years old; the echocardiogram showed mitral valve prolapse
      in 4 patients (10%), 2 of them with a systolic murmur and other 2 with a
      protosystolic click on auscultation. More significant than the changes in
      conduction was the finding of a sinus bradycardia in 9 patients (22.5%), and a PR
      interval below 120 msec in 3 patients (7.5%). The authors conclude that the
      extension of cardiovascular changes in ankylosing spondylitis is more vast than
      usually acknowledged.

PMID- 3408022
TI  - Noninvasive method for measurement of elasticity in aortic wall using
      cineradiography.
AB  - Elasticity in the aortic wall was determined noninvasively by measuring the
      maximal and minimal external diameter of the pulsing thoracic aorta by use of
      cineradiography in combination with esophagography. Pulse wave velocity and the
      cross-sectional area were calculated from these values, and their relationship to
      aging and arteriosclerotic disease were evaluated. The changes of pulse wave
      velocity and cross-sectional area obtained by this method represent
      quantitatively the degrees of arteriosclerotic change and aging of the aortic
      wall.

PMID- 3408023
TI  - Ketanserin in the treatment of progressive systemic sclerosis.
AB  - Now progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) is considered a disease of small vessels
      with which many immunologic alterations are associated. The presence in the blood
      of large amounts of serotonin can be considered a very important aggravating
      factor able to cause the sclerodermic alterations. The authors have treated 10
      PSS patients with ketanserin, a selective antagonist of the S2 serotonin
      receptors, which are found in small vessels and platelets. Their results show
      that ketanserin represents an efficacious and very well tolerated therapy for
      treatment of the initial vascular symptoms of PSS.

PMID- 3408024
TI  - High-output congestive failure due to arteriovenous fistula resulting from lumbar
      disc surgery--a case report.
AB  - A patient is described who developed high-output congestive failure following
      surgery to a lumbar disc. Diagnosis of arteriovenous fistula was suggested by the
      signs of high-output state and a continuous bruit heard over the low back scar.
      Confirmation was demonstrated by abdominal aortography. Corrective surgery
      resulted in resolution of congestive failure.

PMID- 3408025
TI  - Coronary artery aneurysms and congestive heart failure--possible long-term course
      of Kawasaki disease in an adult--a case report.
AB  - Multiple coronary artery aneurysms, rarely seen in patients with atherosclerotic
      heart disease, can be frequently observed in children with Kawasaki disease.
      However, their long-term clinical courses still remain obscure. A thirty-nine
      year-old male came to our clinic because of congestive heart failure. A left
      ventriculogram revealed highly reduced wall motion. A coronary angiogram showed
      left main trunk aneurysm with complete occlusion of the left anterior descending
      artery and ramification of the right coronary artery close to the ostium. Six
      months after discharge, he died suddenly. On autopsy, aneurysms were observed in
      the left main trunk and right coronary artery, together with an old anteroseptal
      myocardial infarction. Although he did not have a clear history of febrile
      disease in childhood, he was highly suspected to be a long-term survivor of
      Kawasaki disease because of the unique form and distribution of the coronary
      artery aneurysms.

PMID- 3408026
TI  - Complete right bundle branch block (CRBBB) with three different mean frontal
      plane QRS axes--a case report.
AB  - A routine ECG of a seventy-year-old man, who had been followed for five years
      because of complete right bundle branch block (CRBBB) with first-degree
      atrioventricular (AV) block, showed CRBBB and three different mean frontal plane
      QRS axes suggesting normal conduction, bradycardia-dependent left anterior
      hemiblock, and tachycardia-dependent left posterior hemiblock--all within the
      same tracing. Holter recording demonstrated transient advanced AV block, and a
      permanent pacemaker was implanted.

PMID- 3408027
TI  - [Specific determination of free urinary cortisol using high performance liquid
      chromatography].
AB  - Specific assay of free urinary cortisol is difficult. Only high pressure liquid
      chromatography (HPLC) is suitable for this problem but requires pretreatment of
      urines. Seven protocols of purification are compared and a routine method is
      proposed. Performance of this is evaluated and discussed in patients with
      corticoid therapy.

PMID- 3408028
TI  - New perspectives in diagnosis of hemostasis disorders.
AB  - The classical coagulation analyses are performed either by using manual methods
      or by means of various instruments with a different degree of automation. The
      introduction of chromogenic peptide substrates which can be split by thrombin has
      led to the development of photometric assays for PT and aPTT determination
      independent from the fibrinogen concentration and from its conversion to fibrin.
      After that, turbidimetric methods for the determination of fibrinogen, thrombin
      time and batroxobin time have been set up allowing the use of photometry for the
      determination of the most important hemostaseological parameters. For such
      purposes a new analytical system (ChromoTimeSystem, Behringwerke AG, Marburg/FRG)
      based on a special instrument and reagents for chromogenic and turbidimetric
      methods for coagulation and fibrinolysis has been developed. The ChromoTimeSystem
      allows to perform by photometry all important tests for coagulation and
      fibrinolysis. The analytical characteristics of this new system are presented.

PMID- 3408029
TI  - Commission for Instrumentation of the Societe Francaise de Biologie Clinique.
      Protocols.

PMID- 3408030
TI  - [Can general toxic effects of local anesthetics be prevented and treated
      effectively?].

PMID- 3408031
TI  - [Systemic toxicity of local anesthetics. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic
      factors].
AB  - Local anaesthetics can have systemic adverse effects, mostly affecting the
      central nervous system and the heart. The physicochemical characteristics of the
      different local anaesthetics are recalled, for they determine the relationship
      between structure, activity and toxicity. The pharmacokinetic factors involved in
      the toxic effects of local anaesthetics, whether the drug is given in a single
      extravascular dose or, accidentally, within a blood vessel, are discussed. The
      toxic effects of repeated administrations of local anaesthetics depend on the
      metabolism of the drug as well as on pharmacokinetic factors. Possible maximal
      doses and drug interactions are also discussed. The mechanism of action of local
      anaesthetics, which block the sodium channel, explains their tissue toxicity and,
      more specifically, their central nervous and cardiovascular toxicities, which are
      more pronounced for the more potent local anaesthetic agents (bupivacaine,
      etidocaine). Systemic maternal effects and transplacental passage probably
      explain their foetal toxicity. Specific toxic effects are seen with some drugs,
      such as methaemoglobinaemia and allergic reactions (rarely for amide agents).
      Overall, local anaesthetic accidents are rare, but they must be prevented.

PMID- 3408032
TI  - [Central toxicity of local anesthetics. New data].
AB  - The central nervous toxicity of local anaesthetics has long been thought to be
      limited to the generalized tonicoclonic convulsions which follow the appearance
      of such symptoms as sleepiness, tingling of the lips, slurred speech, numbness,
      etc. Also the central nervous system was considered to be more sensitive than the
      cardiovascular system. However, recent experimental studies would seem to
      indicate that at least the more potent local anaesthetics, such as bupivacaine,
      have deleterious effects on parts of the brain other than the cerebral
      hemispheres. This may point to an involvement of the central nervous system (the
      amygdala and vasopressor areas of the floor of the fourth ventricle) in the
      pathogenesis of the hypotension and arrhythmias which may be seen at the same
      time as central nervous system signs of systemic toxicity. This is important for
      the treatment of such accidents: should a convulsion occur alone, sodium
      thiopentone, a muscle relaxant and a benzodiazepine, with oxygen and assisted
      breathing, will be the treatment; should an arrhythmia occur, its treatment
      should also include an anticonvulsant drug, such as a benzodiazepine. The
      prophylactic use of benzodiazepines should also be encouraged.

PMID- 3408033
TI  - [Mechanisms of the cardiac toxicity of bupivacaine].
AB  - Of all the amide local anaesthetics, bupivacaine is said to be the most
      cardiotoxic. This toxicity is seen mostly when there is a sudden increase in the
      plasma concentration of bupivacaine. It involves both, or either, electrical and
      mechanical structures within the heart. The main site of action on cardiac
      conduction tissue is the Vmax of phase 0 of the action potential of fast-reacting
      structures (INa current). Bupivacaine, like lidocaine and the other class I
      antiarrhythmic drugs, blocks the sodium channels, this block being more slowly
      reversible. The disturbance of sodium channels throughout the heart leads to a
      decreased conduction speed throughout the conduction system, thus explaining
      possible acute conduction disturbances originating below the bundle of His. The
      ventricular dysrhythmias described are due to a re-entry circuit secondary to a
      slowing in conduction speed. However, the sinus bradycardias and junctional
      disturbances seen in toxic accidents are probably due to an inhibition of the
      slow current of the atrial and atrio-ventricular nodes (Isi current). The
      experimental observation of an increase in the atrial monophase potential and the
      corrected QT interval suggests that repolarization currents are also involved (IK
      current ?). It would therefore seem that modifications in membrane permeabilities
      are the cause of the seriousness of the clinical picture. Bupivacaine, at toxic
      levels, has a direct effect on contractility. The negative inotropic effects seem
      to be due to a fall in the intracytoplasmic calcium concentration on which
      depends the excitation-contraction couple, as well as disturbed cellular
      energetic events dependent on the contraction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3408034
TI  - [Acute toxicity of local anesthetics as a function of the patient's condition].
AB  - A patient's condition may alter the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic
      characteristics of local anaesthetics and so increase the risk of toxicity. In
      the elderly patient, the elimination half-life is increased for both lidocaine
      and bupivacaine; the risk of overdose is therefore increased when the local
      anaesthetic agent is given in repeated doses and as a continuous infusion.
      Cardiotoxicity due to bupivacaine seems to be worsened by pregnancy. In the
      foetus and newborn, local anaesthetic toxicity gives the same clinical picture as
      in the adult and is increased in the presence of acidosis and anoxia. Bupivacaine
      depressive effects are increased by tachycardias, intraventricular blocks and all
      the conditions which are known to depolarize the cardiac cell membrane (e.g.
      hyperkaliemia, acidosis, severe hypoxia, myocardial ischaemia). Drug interactions
      may also potentiate the toxicity of lidocaine and bupivacaine, such as calcium
      blockers and diazepam. The effects of other conditions (cirrhosis, renal failure,
      epilepsy) and other drug interactions, specially those modifying free fraction
      and elimination of local anaesthetics, are also discussed.

PMID- 3408035
TI  - [Prevention of toxic accidents of local anesthetics].
AB  - The prevention of toxic accidents due to local anesthetics is simple. The doses
      used must be carefully selected according to the drug chosen, the areas to be
      anaesthetized, and whether or not the local anaesthetic solution contains
      adrenaline. Continuous infusions of local anaesthetics should be used with great
      care. Bupivacaine must be avoided for intravenous regional anaesthesia, as well
      as in patients with hyperkaliemia or severe myocardiopathy with a high risk of
      arrhythmia. Diazepam is a useful premedication but cannot prevent toxic
      accidents. Using a test dose of adrenaline to detect accidental vascular puncture
      is simple, but not foolproof (patients treated with beta-blockers, obstetrical
      cases). The slow injection of local anaesthetics is the best way of preventing
      this type of accident. Finally, the technique for intravenous regional
      anaesthesia must be very strict.

PMID- 3408036
TI  - [High frequency ventilation. Study of the mechanisms of action].
AB  - Dried lungs and isolated bronchial trees dissected from large animals were
      submitted to high-frequency oscillation and jet-ventilation. The pattern of
      intrapulmonary pressure distribution and CO2 diffusion were measured through
      transalveolar chambers fixed to the perforated pleural surfaces and through
      airbags pasted on the isolated bronchial trees. Under oscillating conditions, the
      pressure profiles in different lung and bronchial compartments were inhomogeneous
      and frequency dependent; the pressure-wave amplitude was proportional to the
      oscillation frequency. On the other hand, the inhomogeneities found with jet
      ventilation were mostly dependent on the airflow direction and position of the
      intratracheal cannula. Since these inhomogeneities were similar on dissected
      lungs as well as on isolated bronchial trees, it was concluded that they were
      essentially dependent on endobronchial aerodynamic effects. But the absence of
      the in vivo pulmonary and bronchial elastic recoil certainly modified the effects
      of these ventilation modes with respect to accepted clinical findings. Also
      results were shown to vary between individuals and within individuals, probably
      explaining the divergent results obtained by different authors.

PMID- 3408037
TI  - [Vascular effects of nicergoline].
AB  - The vascular effects of nicergoline, a post-synaptic alpha receptor antagonist,
      were studied using a total haemodilution non pulsatile normothermic
      cardiopulmonary bypass with a bubble oxygenator during cardiac surgery.
      Anaesthesia was induced with fentanyl 30 micrograms.kg-1 and diazepam 0.25 mg.kg
      1 and maintained with incremental doses of fentanyl. All the patients were
      intubated using pancuronium bromide (0.1 mg.kg-1) and artificially ventilated
      (FIO2 = 1). Nine patients randomly selected received 10 ml of saline (group 1)
      and 11 other 5 mg nicergoline (group 2) into the venous line of the
      extracorporeal circuit. Pump flow remained constant during 10 min. Arteriolar
      resistance was assessed by mean arterial pressure recording and venous
      capacitance by the level of venous reservoir. Statistical analysis was carried
      out using analysis of variance and the Newman-Keuls test. In group 1, arteriolar
      resistance increased by 17.0 +/- 21.8% at 10 min (not significant), whereas in
      group 2 it decreased by 22.8 +/- 8.1% at 2 min (p less than 0.05) and then
      increased slowly. It then remained 18% lower than in group 1 at 10 min. In group
      1, venous capacitance decreased regularly by 1 ml.kg-1.min-1 during 10 min (-10.0
      +/- 6.2 ml.kg-1 at 10 min), whereas in group 2 it decreased up to the 6th min (
      4.2 +/- 3.3 ml.kg-1) and then remained stable, with a 5.4 ml.kg-1 difference with
      group 1 at 10 min (p less than 0.05). Therefore, nicergoline seemed to cause
      venoconstriction during cardiopulmonary bypass, possibly through a baroreflex
      mechanism.

PMID- 3408038
TI  - [Prevention of per- and postoperative myocardial ischemia in non-cardiac surgery
      by intravenous diltiazem].
AB  - A controlled double-blind trial was carried out to assess the efficacy and safety
      of a continuous intravenous infusion of diltiazem in preventing perioperative
      myocardial ischaemia in patients with coronary artery disease. Sixty-six patients
      undergoing non cardiac surgical procedures (vascular surgery, n = 37; other, n =
      29) were randomly chosen to receive either diltiazem (group D, n = 32); or
      placebo (group P, n = 34); there was no difference between these groups in the
      number of patients in each NYHA class (I: 13/16; II: 14/14; III: 5/4) or having
      had a previous myocardial infarct (20/22). ECG leads CM5 and CL5 were recorded
      continuously with an ICR 7200 Holter monitor. After starting recording, either
      placebo or a loading dose (0.5 mg.kg-1) of diltiazem was given, followed by an
      infusion of 5 micrograms.kg-1.min-1. Anaesthesia was induced by thiopentone and
      suxamethonium, and maintained with nitrous oxide (50%), fentanyl and either
      halothane or droperidol. The number of myocardial ischaemic episodes was
      significantly (p less than 0.05) lower in group D (2 ST depressions in two
      patients) than in group P (8 ST depressions in six patients, 2 myocardial
      infarcts and 1 pulmonary oedema). No conduction disturbance was observed; the
      lowest cardiac frequency was found in group P (32 b.min-1). Systolic and
      diastolic arterial blood pressures were lower in group D than in group P, but no
      difference was found in heart rate and rate-pressure product.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3408039
TI  - [Cardiac toxicity of bupivacaine and diazepam. Experimental study in the
      anesthetized dog].
AB  - The use of diazepam has been suggested for the treatment of convulsions resulting
      from accidental high plasma levels of local anaesthetics. However, it has been
      reported that this drug may increase the cardiac effects of bupivacaine in dogs.
      The present study aimed to assess the effects of diazepam on the
      electrophysiological signs of a high-dose intravenous bolus of bupivacaine in
      fourteen dogs, divided into two groups, and anaesthetized with thiopentone and
      ventilated. All the animals were given a bolus dose of 4 mg.kg-1 bupivacaine.
      Immediately afterwards, group I (n = 7) received 0.8 ml.kg-1 normal saline
      solution and group II (n = 7) was given 4 mg.kg-1 diazepam over 1 min. The
      parameters measured on lead II of the electrocardiogram were: cycle length (R-R
      interval), QRS length (QRS) and QT interval corrected for heart rate (cQT).
      Intranodal (AH) and His-Purkinje (HV) conduction times were measured with
      recording bipolar stimulation electrodes (USCI 6F). Mean aortic pressure (Pao)
      was measured via a femoral arterial line. In the two groups, the parameters were
      recorded before and 2, 5, 10 and 15 min after the bupivacaine bolus. Arterial
      blood samples for measurement of bupivacaine and diazepam serum levels were
      obtained before and 3, 15 and 30 min after the bupivacaine bolus. There was no
      significant difference between the two groups in the electrophysiological or
      haemodynamic parameters at any time. However, the increase in HV and QRS length
      was a little higher in group I than in group II.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3408040
TI  - [Measurement of cardiac output by thoracic electrical bioimpedance or
      thermodilution].
AB  - The present study was designed to assess a new non invasive method for measuring
      cardiac output. The thoracic electrical bioimpedance method was compared with the
      reference one, thermodilution. The measurements were made simultaneously with
      NCCOM3 (bioimpedance) using the freeze data mode, and with a Swan-Ganz catheter
      and a haemodynamic computer (thermodilution). The study involved 11 spontaneously
      breathing patients in a steady haemodynamic state. Ten measurements were carried
      out with both methods for each patient. Statistical analysis of the 110 paired
      values was carried out by computer. The various statistical tests applied
      confirmed that there was a highly significant correlation between values for
      cardiac output obtained by each of these two methods (r = 0.818; p less than
      0.005); they also showed a significantly more important dispersion of the
      measures for each patient with thermodilution. The mean value of the
      thermodilution "standard deviation" (0.64 l.min-1) was significantly more
      important (p less than 0.005) than the one with NCCOM3 (0.24 l.min-1). Thoracic
      electrical bioimpedance appeared a safe method for measuring cardiac output,
      providing the limits of the method are kept. The objective is not to replace the
      Swan-Ganz catheter, but to propose an alternative method for measuring cardiac
      output. This method is very interesting in many circumstances, particularly for
      intensive care patients: it is a non invasive technique, continual measurement is
      not time-limited, and its use is very easy.

PMID- 3408041
TI  - [Psychiatric consultation in intensive care units].

PMID- 3408042
TI  - [Measurement of blood pressure in a patient with advanced mediacalcosis. Value of
      oscillometry].

PMID- 3408043
TI  - [Attack of torsades de pointes induced by an intravenous injection of
      erythromycin lactobionate].

PMID- 3408044
TI  - Nonlinear modeling of physiological systems.

PMID- 3408045
TI  - Onset of nonlinearity in fractal dimension systems: an application to polarized
      bioelectrode interfaces.

PMID- 3408046
TI  - Identifying nonlinear difference equation and functional expansion
      representations: the fast orthogonal algorithm.
AB  - A method is presented for identifying functional expansion and difference
      equation representations for nonlinear systems. The method relies on an
      orthogonal approach which does not require explicit creation of orthogonal
      functions. This greatly reduces computing time, so that 15-fold increases in
      speed of estimating kernels or difference equation coefficients are readily
      obtainable, compared with a previous orthogonal technique. In addition, storage
      requirements are considerably diminished. A wide variety of input excitation,
      both random and deterministic, can be used, and the method is not limited to
      inputs which are Gaussian, white or lengthy. A model of the peripheral auditory
      system is simulated to show kernel measurement is free of artifacts using the
      present method, in contrast to the crosscorrelation approach.

PMID- 3408047
TI  - Coherence and apparent transfer function measurements for nonlinear physiological
      systems.
AB  - Many studies of physiological systems utilize input-output experimental data to
      develop mathematical descriptions (models) of the system dynamics. Linear methods
      in the frequency domain are most commonly employed to obtain transfer function
      characteristics in the form of gain and phase plots. Coherence measurements are a
      companion tool in these studies, aimed at testing the linearity assumption and
      assessing the quality of the experimental data (i.e. the noise content). Many
      physiological systems possess intrinsic nonlinearities. The effect of these
      nonlinearities on the aforementioned measurements has been largely a matter of
      conjecture. This paper is a rigorous study of how coherence and apparent transfer
      function measurements are affected by system nonlinearities. The study is placed
      in the framework of the Volterra-Wiener theory of nonlinear systems, and it is
      intended to assist biomedical investigators in interpreting their experimental
      results in such cases. The class of quadratic nonlinear systems is discussed in
      greater detail, and simulation examples are presented in order to illustrate some
      of the more practically important analytical derivations.

PMID- 3408048
TI  - A systems theoretic approach to the study of CNS function.
AB  - This paper presents a paradigm for using a general systems theoretic approach to
      study central nervous system function. Neuronal systems are conceptualized as
      consisting of different populations of neurons, each of which may be treated as a
      unit with its own dynamic properties. These dynamic properties of each population
      are determined by fundamental characteristics of its constituent neurons.
      Different populations interact with each other through the network structure in
      which they are embedded. We are modeling the linear and nonlinear properties of
      these systems using a theoretical framework based on two complementary
      approaches. First, a functional power series is used to characterize the
      input/output properties of the system. Second, a state-variable approach is used
      to characterize the internal structure and function of the system and to identify
      specific relationships among physiological variables. We have extensively
      investigated the functional power series approach to study the cat somatosensory
      system and the rabbit hippocampal formation. Both of these systems exhibit
      nonlinear properties in their response to electrical stimulation, and these
      nonlinear properties are characterized by the high-order kernels of the
      functional power series. State-variable models are being formulated to map these
      input/output properties onto internal models of the systems.

PMID- 3408049
TI  - The maximum likelihood approach to the identification of neuronal firing systems.
AB  - The concern of this work is the identification of the (nonlinear) system of a
      neuron firing under the influence of a continuous input in one case, and firing
      under the influence of two other neurons in a second case. In the first case,
      suppose that the data consist of sample values Xt, Yt, t = 0, +/- 1, +/- 2,...
      with Yt = 1 if the neuron fires in the time interval t to t + 1 and Yt = 0
      otherwise, and with Xt denoting the (sampled) noise value at time t. Suppose that
      Ht denotes the history of the process to time t. Then, in this case the model fit
      has the form Prob[Yt = 1/Ht] = phi(Ut-theta) where (formula; see text) where
      gamma t denotes the time elapsed since the neuron last fired and phi denotes the
      normal cumulative. This model corresponds to quadratic summation of the stimulus
      followed by a random threshold device. In the second case, a network of three
      neurons is studied and it is supposed that (formula; see text) with Xt and Zt
      zero-one series corresponding to the firing times of the two other neurons. The
      models are fit by the method of maximum likelihood to Aplysia californica data
      collected in the laboratory of Professor J.P. Segundo. The paper also contains
      some general comments of the advantages of the maximum likelihood method for the
      identification of nonlinear systems.

PMID- 3408050
TI  - Use of pseudorandom noise in studies of auditory evoked potentials.
AB  - The extent to which sensorineural systems such as the auditory system are
      nonlinear depends on the type of stimulus that is used, and the part of the
      system from which recordings are made. An estimate of the first-order Wiener
      kernel of the evoked response from the inferior colliculus to amplitude-modulated
      tones and noise was obtained by cross-correlating the response with the same
      pseudorandom noise as was used to amplitude modulate the sounds that were used as
      stimuli, in order to characterize the linear portion of the system. The shape of
      these cross-correlograms resembled the potentials evoked to short bursts of the
      unmodulated tones and noise. The degree of nonlinearity in the response to
      amplitude-modulated tones and noise was determined, and information about the
      type of nonlinearity was obtained using the inverse-repeat feature of the
      pseudorandom noise. Recordings both from the surface and from deep in the nucleus
      of the inferior colliculus revealed nonlinearities that were predominantly of an
      even order, but the magnitude of the nonlinearities depended on what stimulus was
      used, the stimulus intensity, and from which neural structure the recording was
      made.

PMID- 3408051
TI  - Generation and transformation of second-order nonlinearity in catfish retina.
AB  - A large part of the response from catfish retinal neurons evoked by a white-noise
      modulated light stimulus is reconstructed by the linear and the second-order
      nonlinear components, which shows that the first- and second-order kernels
      represent the major response characteristics. In catfish retina, amacrine cells
      are classified as type-C and type-N cells. Type-C cells produce a stable and
      stereotyped second-order kernel that can be reproduced by squaring an underdamped
      first-order kernel. This is a linear filter followed by a static nonlinearity and
      is modeled by a cascade of the Wiener structure. A second-order kernel from the
      other class of amacrine cells, type-N cells, is reproduced by a simple linear
      filtering of type-C cell response. This is a static nonlinearity sandwiched
      between two linear filters and is modelled by a cascade of the Korenberg
      structure. These findings may greatly simplify future attempts to reconstruct
      retinal circuitry and may give some insight into the process of complex signal
      processing in the inner part of the vertebrate retina.

PMID- 3408052
TI  - Nonlinear measurement and classification of receptive fields in cat retinal
      ganglion cells.
AB  - Originally, modeling of ganglion-cell responses in cat was based mainly on linear
      analysis. This is satisfactory for those cells in which spatial summation of
      excitation is approximately linear (X-cells) but it fails for Y-cells, where
      summation has strong nonlinear components. Others have shown the utility of using
      sinusoidal analysis to study harmonic and intermodulation nonlinearities in the
      temporal frequency domain. We have used Wiener-kernel analysis to obtain directly
      both temporal and spatial impulse responses and their nonlinear interactions.
      From these, we were able to predict accurately the responses that a counterphase
      modulated grating elicited in both X-cells and Y-cells. In addition, we show that
      the first-order responses can measure the two-dimensional spatial features of the
      receptive field with high resolution. Thus, nonlinear analysis of responses to
      white-noise stimuli may be sufficient to both classify and measure the receptive
      fields of many different types of ganglion cells.

PMID- 3408053
TI  - Nonlinear identification of stretch reflex dynamics.
AB  - The objective of this study was to use nonlinear identification techniques to
      study the dynamics of stretch reflexes in the human calf muscles (gastrocnemius
      soleus). Stochastic perturbations of ankle position were applied while subjects
      maintained a constant, tonic contraction of gastrocnemius-soleus. Linear models
      of the relation between ankle velocity and the electromyographic (EMG) activity
      under these conditions typically accounted for less than 40% of the observed EMG
      variance. Nonlinear system identification techniques were then applied. The first
      and second-order Wiener kernels were computed as the initial stage of this
      analysis. These did not provide an adequate description of system behavior;
      subsequent simulation studies showed that the major problem with the Wiener
      analysis was that the input spectrum was not adequately white. Nevertheless, the
      shape of the second-order Wiener kernel suggested that a Hammerstein structure
      consisting of a static nonlinearity followed by a dynamic linear system would be
      appropriate. Consequently, we used an iterative procedure for Hammerstein system
      identification to determine the form of the static nonlinearity and the
      associated linear dynamics. The resulting nonlinear model provided a much better
      description of the system's behavior than did the linear models (variance
      accounted for greater than 60%). Furthermore, they confirmed our previous
      empirical findings; the static nonlinearity closely resembled a half-wave
      rectifier while the dynamics were typified by a pure delay and a velocity filter.
      The application of nonlinear identification techniques thus produced a much
      improved, physically meaningful model of stretch reflex behavior.

PMID- 3408054
TI  - System analysis of Phycomyces light-growth response with Gaussian white noise and
      sum-of-sinusoids test stimuli.
AB  - The sporangiophore (fruiting body) of the fungus Phycomyces modulates its
      elongation rate in response to changes in blue light intensity. This light-growth
      response of wild-type and behavioral mutant strains has been studied extensively
      by two methods of nonlinear system identification employing Gaussian white noise
      and sum-of-sinusoids test stimuli. Both methods are in the framework of the
      Wiener theory of nonlinear systems. The light-growth response is well described
      by the first-order Wiener G-functional; addition of the second-order functional
      improves the precision. The Wiener kernel of first-order resembles the light
      growth response to a nonsaturating pulse stimulus. The second-order kernel
      indicates the nonlinear property of rectification. The kernels have been
      interpreted by system analysis methods in the frequency domain. A nonlinear
      dynamic model of the light-growth response has been developed from the kernels
      obtained by both methods. The model includes a nonlinear dynamic subsystem,
      including a squarer, followed by a linear dynamic subsystem (which, by itself,
      accounts for the first-order kernel). This parametric model has been used to
      evaluate light-growth response kernels under various conditions (viz. wavelength,
      temperature, and genetic strain). The kernels of single and double mutants have
      been analyzed jointly with a nonparametric model to reveal interactions among the
      products of eight genes that influence the light-growth response. The extent of
      interactions found suggests that these gene products function together in a
      molecular complex.

PMID- 3408055
TI  - Histopathologic staging at initial diagnosis of mycosis fungoides and the Sezary
      syndrome. Definition of three distinctive prognostic groups.
AB  - STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine the optimal staging evaluation at the time of
      initial diagnosis of mycosis fungoides or the Sezary syndrome. DESIGN:
      Retrospective review of a uniformly staged inception cohort. SETTING: Single
      institution tertiary care center. PATIENTS: 152 consecutive patients who had
      mycosis fungoides with or without the Sezary syndrome within 6 months of the
      initial definitive diagnosis. INTERVENTION: A detailed staging evaluation
      including physical examination, routine laboratory studies, chest roentgenogram,
      lymphangiogram, peripheral blood smear, lymph node biopsy, bone marrow aspirate
      or biopsy, and liver biopsy in selected patients. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
      Univariate adverse prognostic features at initial diagnosis in patients with
      mycosis fungoides included (P less than 0.01) one or more cutaneous tumors or
      generalized erythroderma, adenopathy, blood smear involvement with Sezary cells,
      lymph node effacement, eosinophilia, and visceral involvement. Important,
      independent prognostic factors in a multivariate analysis are the presence of
      visceral disease and type of skin involvement. CONCLUSIONS: A staging system
      based on histopathologic evaluation of skin, lymph nodes, blood, and visceral
      sites provides more comprehensive prognostic information than clinical evaluation
      of skin disease and adenopathy. Patients may be divided at initial presentation
      into three prognostic groups: good-risk patients, who have plaque-only skin
      disease without lymph node, blood, or visceral involvement (median survival,
      greater than 12 years); intermediate-risk patients, who have cutaneous tumors,
      erythroderma, or plaque disease with node or blood involvement but no visceral
      disease or node effacement (median survival, 5 years); and poor-risk patients,
      who have visceral involvement or node effacement (median survival, 2.5 years).

PMID- 3408056
TI  - Postdoctoral research training of full-time faculty in academic departments of
      medicine.
AB  - This report shows the results of a survey of 5604 faculty in departments of
      medicine, 4200 of whom had postdoctoral research training. As a follow-up to a
      previous study of research activity in the same population, this retrospective
      survey focused on location of training, source of funding, structure of the
      training program, impact of the training experience on career development, and
      respondents' recommendations for changes in training programs. A predominant
      finding is that most postdoctoral training occurred in medical schools, and the
      primary source of funding was the National Institutes of Health. For faculty
      members with the MD degree, being an active researcher and principal investigator
      for a peer-reviewed research grant were associated with length of training. The
      average length of time between the end of postdoctoral research training and
      obtaining the first peer-reviewed research grant was 24 months, regardless of
      length of training, source of training support, training site, or type of
      academic degree (MD, MD-PhD, or PhD). The results of this survey suggest a
      tentative formula to be a successful researcher in academic medicine: 2 or more
      years of postdoctoral research training, including formal course work in the
      fundamental sciences pertinent to biomedical research; 2 to 3 years of full
      research support from the academic institution until the first extramural grant
      is obtained; and commitment of at least 33% of time to research activities. The
      results also suggest directions for change and improvement in future research
      training programs.

PMID- 3408057
TI  - Primary biliary cirrhosis treated with low-dose oral pulse methotrexate.

PMID- 3408058
TI  - Malassezia furfur fungemia in a patient without the usual risk factors.

PMID- 3408059
TI  - Bradycardia and H2 antagonists.

PMID- 3408060
TI  - Dichloroacetate and lactic acidosis.

PMID- 3408061
TI  - Vasopressinase and diabetes insipidus of pregnancy.

PMID- 3408062
TI  - Preventing transfusion of infectious blood negative for human immunodeficiency
      virus antibodies (anti-HIV)

PMID- 3408063
TI  - Mycobacterium tuberculosis visceral abscesses in the acquired immunodeficiency
      syndrome (AIDS)

PMID- 3408065
TI  - Bio-medical ethics: an Anglo-American dialogue.

PMID- 3408064
TI  - Acromegaly and multiple myeloma.

PMID- 3408066
TI  - Ethics and private medicine.

PMID- 3408067
TI  - Age and equality.

PMID- 3408068
TI  - Aging and the ends of medicine.

PMID- 3408069
TI  - Mass screening, civil liberties, and the public health. Introductory remarks.

PMID- 3408070
TI  - The pros and cons of screening.

PMID- 3408071
TI  - Screening and AIDS: the limits of coercive intervention.

PMID- 3408072
TI  - Some problems never go away.

PMID- 3408073
TI  - The delicate balance: ethics, law and medicine.

PMID- 3408074
TI  - Harmonies and conflicts in law and biomedical ethics.

PMID- 3408075
TI  - "Good morning, doctor, how are you?" A view of the doctor-patient relationship
      from general practice in the United Kingdom.

PMID- 3408076
TI  - The new technologies in reproduction: new ethical problems.

PMID- 3408077
TI  - Ethical issues in neonatology: a U.S. perspective.

PMID- 3408078
TI  - Treatment dilemmas in neonatal care: who should survive and who should decide?

PMID- 3408080
TI  - Amaurosis and atrophy of the optic nerve: an unusual complication of mandibular
      nerve anesthesia.
AB  - We report a case of a young woman who, as a result of local anesthesia by
      mandibular nerve block, suffered sudden, permanent loss of ipsilateral vision
      with subsequent atrophy of the optic nerve. Possible causes of this rare
      complication are discussed.

PMID- 3408079
TI  - Antiglaucoma therapy during pregnancy--Part I.

PMID- 3408081
TI  - Windows and blinking: techniques for enhanced ocular computed tomographic
      imaging.
AB  - Computed tomography (CT) has become an important diagnostic modality in the
      evaluation of ocular and orbital disease. A weakness of CT, however, is its
      inability to show clearly intraocular lesions that do not contain calcium. These
      images can be improved by the careful selection of window width and window level
      and by the use of a technique known as "blinking." The use of these enhancement
      techniques is illustrated in two cases of leukocoria in children.

PMID- 3408082
TI  - Stromal corneal scar following YAG capsulotomy.
AB  - The case of a 70-year-old patient who suffered inadvertant YAG laser burns to the
      central corneal stroma is presented. Although focal stromal scarring resulted, no
      endothelial damage or corneal decompensation was noted, and the patient was
      asymptomatic.

PMID- 3408083
TI  - Mucinous sweat-gland adenocarcinoma of the inner canthus: a case report.
AB  - Mucinous sweat-gland adenocarcinoma is a rare tumor of the eyelid. Fewer than 30
      cases have been reported in the literature. We describe the case of a 77-year-old
      man with a papillomatous lesion of the inner canthus. The lesion was removed, and
      the histologic examination confirmed the diagnosis of a mucinous sweat-gland
      adenocarcinoma. After three years, there has been no recurrence or metastasis.

PMID- 3408085
TI  - Lateral cantholysis and eyelid necrosis secondary to Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AB  - A 16-month-old infant girl developed an acute lateral cantholysis and eyelid
      necrosis secondary to a severe Pseudomonas aeruginosa blepharitis and preseptal
      cellulitis. This uncommon complication of a pseudomonal external ocular infection
      occurred in the setting of malnutrition and failure-to-thrive. The lesion
      underwent satisfactory self-healing with the institution of antibiotic therapy
      and proper diet.

PMID- 3408084
TI  - Branch retinal-artery occlusion in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome prodrome.

PMID- 3408087
TI  - Successful phacoemulsification can be performed safely in nonagenarians.

PMID- 3408086
TI  - Adrenocorticosteroid injection vs. conservative therapy in the treatment of
      chalazia.
AB  - Three methods of treating chalazia were compared in a controlled trial. Group A
      (conservative therapy of warm soaks and lid hygiene) consisted of six patients
      with seven chalazia. Group B (intralesional adrenocorticosteroid injection) had
      five patients with five chalazia. Group C (conservative therapy with
      intralesional steroid injection) included nine patients with ten chalazia.
      Success rates after six weeks of follow-up were: Group A: 3 of 7 (43%), Group B:
      4 of 5 (80%), and Group C: 9 of 10 (90%). Intralesional steroid injection with or
      without concurrent conservative therapy was more effective than conservative
      management alone.

PMID- 3408088
TI  - Circulating melanoma-associated antigens in ocular melanoma.
AB  - A pilot study was performed to test for melanoma-associated antigens (MAAgs) in
      the sera of patients with localized uveal melanoma, using monoclonal antibodies
      (MoAbs). Both whole sera and polyethylene glycol (PEG) 2.5% serum precipitates
      from 18 patients with clinically localized uveal melanoma and two patients with
      localized invasive conjuctival melanoma were analyzed for two human cutaneous
      MAAgs by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). These antigens could not
      be identified when whole sera were used. However, after PEG precipitation, a MoAb
      specific for the p210 MAAg reacted with four of 20 patient samples and none of 17
      controls. A second MoAb specific for the p97a MAAg reacted with one of 20
      patients and none of 17 controls. These findings indicate the existence of
      antigens common to both uveal and cutaneous melanoma and suggest that the
      refinement of assays to screen sera with a battey of MoAbs may be of value in
      diagnosing and/or monitoring patients with uveal melanoma. Circulating immune
      complexes were detected in the sera of six patients but did not correlate with
      any clinical features or with the presence or absence of detectable MAAgs.

PMID- 3408089
TI  - Central retinal-artery occlusion in proliferative sickle-cell retinopathy after
      retrobulbar injection.
AB  - Central retinal-artery obstruction (CRAO) is a devastating complication after
      retrobulbar anesthesia, a procedure which was previously recommended routinely to
      immobilize the eye and reduce discomfort during laser surgery. Recent
      developments in treatment technique, involving scatter laser applications given
      over several sessions with smaller spot sizes and shorter durations, have
      virtually eliminated the need for retrobulbar injections and the risks of
      retrobulbar hemorrhage, which can cause increased intraocular pressure and
      culminate in closure of the arterial circulation. We present the case of a
      patient with proliferative sickle retinopathy who sustained such a complication
      after direct photocoagulation treatment of sea-fans elsewhere and offer
      alternative treatment techniques which we have used for the past ten years that
      eliminate this hazard.

PMID- 3408090
TI  - Relationship of steroid dose to degree of posterior subcapsular cataracts in
      nephrotic syndrome.
AB  - Forty-five patients with nephrotic syndrome were included in our study. Of these,
      30 received adrenocorticosteroid therapy and 15 did not. The ages of the patients
      ranged from 11 months to 27 years and the duration of steroid therapy from 2 1/2
      years to 20 years. Seventeen patients (38%) showed posterior subcapsular cataract
      (PSC) formation and, of these, seven patients (41%) showed reversal of PSC. There
      was no statistical correlation between the total dose of steroids and the degree
      of PSC. An individual susceptibility may be an important factor in the production
      of PSC. None of the patients had visual acuity less than 20/30.

PMID- 3408091
TI  - Transconjunctival levator resection: a modified simple technique.
AB  - A modified simple technique for transconjunctival levator resection is presented.
      Fifteen patients with congenital ptosis with a varying amount of levator action
      were operated on with this technique. The modification included different
      techniques for passing the sutures and avoiding separate sutures to form the lid
      fold. Lidocaine injections administered subconjunctivally and beneath the skin
      orbicularis lamina facilitate the dissection of the levator, and as much of the
      levator can be resected as is required. The use of a ptosis clamp was avoided by
      means of white cotton stay sutures passed through the levator. The postoperative
      reaction was minimal, and excellent dynamic lid folds were formed.

PMID- 3408092
TI  - New attachment for the ocular magnet.
AB  - A method for safe removal of intraocular magnetic metallic foreign bodies is
      described using the external Bronson ocular magnet fitted with a small forceps.

PMID- 3408093
TI  - [The monochannel Monomac and multichannel Minimac cochlear implants].
AB  - Monomac monochannel and Minimac multichannel cochlear implants bring to the
      remaining hearing fibers sound information that is previously converted into
      adequate electric signals. Both function at constant currents. The Monomac
      monocanal system possesses only one electrode implanted either inside or outside
      the cochlea and sends off sound of basic laryngeal rythm to all the nervous
      fibers. The Minimac is entirely numerical and sends off the whole of the sound
      information by splitting it into 15 frequency tracks, to 15 electrodes inserted
      within the scala tympani by means of an electrode-holder. Programming allows for
      selecting specific values from each frequency track and thus regulating the
      needed compression individually. Both these implants (Monomac and Minimac) work
      no conflictlessly but complementarily to each other because they answer
      different, well-defined clinical needs.

PMID- 3408094
TI  - [Results and therapeutic indications of the electrical stimulation of the round
      window in 581 cases of bilateral total deafness].
AB  - Round Window Electric Stimulation necessitates to remove the ear drum to directly
      place the electrode tip in the round window niche. This test supplies the patient
      with a sound sensation in 93% of cases presenting a total deafness. It may be
      realized either under local or general anesthesia owing to brain stem evoked
      auditory responses. This test supplies the surgeon with precious informations
      regarding the cochlear implant indications.

PMID- 3408095
TI  - [Operative indications of total deafness].
AB  - Rehabilitation of patients with total hearing loss through surgical implantation
      of intracochlear devices is warranted only in cases for which deafness is
      absolutely not relieved by conventional hearing prostheses. Furthermore, it is
      required that the patient respond positively to the electrostimulation test of
      the round window, be strongly motivated, as well as present a high index of
      socialization. These three parameters will also determine the type of implant to
      be used, i.e. mono- or multielectrode, as well as particular indications relating
      to children.

PMID- 3408096
TI  - [Changes in the speaking fundamental frequency after cochlear implantation].
AB  - Speaking fundamental frequency (Fo) changes have been studied in 12 patients
      suffering from total post-lingual deafness and having been supplied with the
      multichannel cochlear implant CHORIMAC-12. Fo is significantly lower after
      implantation. But Fo variance changes depend on the laryngeal associated
      pathology.

PMID- 3408097
TI  - [Clinical results of the multielectrode cochlear implant in the rehabilitation of
      27 cases of acquired total deafness].
AB  - Multi-electrode cochlear implants allow verbal discrimination without lip reading
      in a manner dependent directly on the liminal threshold value during the
      preoperative electrical stimulation of round window test, and the quality of
      socialization and motivation of the patient. Overall auditory performances of 27
      patients rehabilitated in this way are reviewed and compared with those obtained
      by other teams and other apparatuses.

PMID- 3408098
TI  - [A controversial procedure: rhinoplasty in children].
AB  - Confronted with nose malformations in children, surgeons experience at the same
      time a legitimate desire to rapidly attend to the altered anatomical structures,
      and a fear to aggravate the lesions existing initially by operating during a
      period of growth. Numerous animal experiments have not been conclusive as far as
      these two contradictory theses are concerned. In all cases, prudence remains
      mandatory, that is prudence towards the operational indications (important
      functional impairment), the date of the intervention (risk minimization with
      age), assessment of expected results (secondary malformations occurring even very
      late postoperatively).

PMID- 3408099
TI  - [Treatment of acquired stenosis of the external auditory canal].
AB  - Often difficult surgical problems are encountered during treatment of acquired
      stenosis of external auditory canal. Theses stenoses can be of tumoral,
      inflammatory or traumatic origin and are the cause of infectious complications
      related to epidermal retention. Even with the assistance of modern imaging
      procedures, preoperative investigation is not simple, precise details of lesions
      being obtained in greater detail during surgical exploration. Four stages are
      involved in surgical treatment: excision of lesion, reaming of bony canal and
      enlargement of auditory meatus, providing cover and maintaining graft in place.
      The CO2 laser can be useful for excision of lesion or possible postoperative
      recurrence, and adjacent pedicle flaps are best for covering site. Postoperative
      inflammatory episodes can be treated by infiltration of local corticoids.
      Whatever the result of these different techniques, long-term surveillance of
      these patients is essential.

PMID- 3408100
TI  - [Surgical treatment of chronic snoring. Description and indications].
AB  - Chronic rhonchopathy groups all clinical forms of a disease having a common
      functional sign: snoring. Surgical treatments form part of a therapeutic strategy
      which includes medical treatment, essentially reduction in body weight, and
      nocturnal respiratory prosthetic treatments, essentially continuous positive
      pressure respiration. First intention surgery is an uvulopalatopharyngoplasty
      (UPP) with or without tonsillectomy. In the severe forms of chronic rhonchopathy,
      after failure of UPP, major surgery:protrusion mandibular osteotomy or reduction
      glossectomy can be associated with the other treatments.

PMID- 3408101
TI  - [Results of uvulopalatopharyngoplasty in sleep apnea syndromes. Apropos of 33
      cases].
AB  - Thirty-three patients with the sleep apnea syndrome were operated upon by
      uvulopalatopharyngoplasty and clinical and multiple sleep recording findings
      compared at follow up after 3 months. No exact correlation was noted between the
      clinical condition and recordings during sleep. The only predictive criterion for
      the result of this operation is the preoperative weight, and this procedure is
      proposed as a routine treatment as long as no better method exists to determine
      the obstructive site. Therapy of the sleep apnea syndrome is described.

PMID- 3408102
TI  - [Long-term results and complications of uvulopalatopharyngoplasty in snoring
      without sleep apnea syndrome].
AB  - Results and complications were analyzed in 201 patients operated upon by
      uvulopalatopharyngoplasty for benign or moderately severe rhonchopathy, after
      elimination of the sleep apnea syndrome as confirmed after follow up for between
      15 and 30 months, and showed total recovery from snoring in 60% of cases, an
      improvement in 26.5% and lack of efficacy in 13.5%. Social and familial relations
      were improved concomitantly as well as the functional and general disorders
      usually attributed to snoring (asthenia, somnolence, sleep hypopnea). Various
      usually minor functional disorders remain, including the sensation of a
      pharyngeal paresthesia, the most frequent sequela (19.5% of cases).

PMID- 3408103
TI  - [Tissue expansion: histological aspects and value in the treatment of scars of
      the scalp].
AB  - The authors start by recalling the principal histomorphological and physiological
      characteristics of skin tissues subjected to expansion, in particular their hyper
      vascularisation which allows the raising of vast flaps of excellent quality.
      After presenting the major principles, they then present their clinical
      experience in the context of reconstructive surgery of the scalp, particularly in
      the correction of Juri flap scars used in the treatment of baldness. Finally,
      they emphasise the great potential of this technique in the whole field of
      reconstructive surgery.

PMID- 3408104
TI  - [Treatment of sequelae of basedowian exophthalmos].
AB  - Treatment of sequelae of ophthalmopathy of Basedow's disease, essentially
      exophthalmos, oculomotor disorders and upper eyelid retraction, is of particular
      importance because of the functional and esthetic problems presented. Improvement
      in the different symptoms can be obtained by surgical treatment, but patients
      must have been perfectly stable with respect to both the thyroid and
      ophthalmologic plan for at least 6 months. It marked exophthalmos exists this is
      treated initially by orbital enlargement. Oculomotor problems are then resolved
      and finally treatment is terminated by surgery to eyelids. Very satisfactory
      functional and esthetic results are obtained.

PMID- 3408105
TI  - [Rhinoseptoplasty in patients from the Maison de Nanterre. Indications, technics
      and results].
AB  - There are many indications of rhinoseptoplasty for patients of ENT department in
      the hospital of the "Maison de Nanterre". Must frequently we have to manage
      sequellae of nasal traumatisms (consequences of fights or falls). Aesthetic
      rhinoplasties are less frequent: nasal deformities from ethnic or familial
      origin. The operatory technic used is very classic: septoplasty as the first
      step, then rhinoplasty by extra mucosal way, with paramedial and lateral
      osteotomies allowing rebuilding of nasal osseous pyramid. Results as well on
      anatomic and functional point of view as on psychologic consequences are
      arguments to be interventionist.

PMID- 3408106
TI  - Statistical correlations among supraglottic cancers.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to quantify the extent to which the presence or
      absence of cancer in endoscopically evaluable regions of the supraglottic larynx
      predicted occurrence in a region less easy to visualize but of critical
      importance to the nature of treatment. Histologic findings from 32 specimens were
      subjected to two separate statistical analyses. In the first analysis, the
      presence of cancer on the floor of the ventricle was the best predictor of tumor
      below this level. The combination of variables with the best correlation was
      cancer on the floor of the ventricle and in the vestibular folds. In the second
      analysis, involvements of the deep structures in the aryepiglottic folds and in
      the infrahyoid epiglottis were the only significant predictors of tumor extending
      to the preepiglottic space. The results suggest that such statistical analyses
      may provide guidelines for selection of treatment.

PMID- 3408107
TI  - Integration of titanium implants in irradiated bone. Histologic and clinical
      study.
AB  - Nine patients who had undergone combined surgical and radiologic treatment for
      malignant tumors had skin-penetrating titanium implants inserted in the bone
      tissue in the treated region at various time intervals after irradiation. The
      absorbed dose to the implant region varied between 25 and 86 Gy normalized to
      five fractions of 2.0 Gy/wk, according to the cumulative radiation effect
      formula. The time interval between irradiation and fixture insertion varied from
      9 months to 37 years. Of the 35 fixtures installed, only five were lost because
      of lack of osseointegration. The follow-up time from implant insertion ranged
      from 15 to 44 months.

PMID- 3408109
TI  - Surgery for congenital conductive deafness in Klippel-Feil syndrome.
AB  - A wide variety of anomalies of the middle and inner ear has been reported in
      association with congenital deafness in Klippel-Feil syndrome. Findings of six
      new exploratory tympanotomies are added to a review of 14 previously reported;
      for this entire group, better hearing was achieved in eight ears. When the only
      anomaly is a disconnection of the incudostapedial joint, good results can be
      expected from reconstruction of the ossicular chain. With the addition of the six
      newly reported stapedectomies, the success rate for this procedure now equals
      50%. None of the fenestrations of the promontory performed for absence of the
      stapes and oval window have been successful. Since these results are encouraging,
      it is concluded that an exploratory tympanotomy should be considered during the
      course of hearing rehabilitation in cases of Klippel-Feil syndrome and a
      significant conductive hearing loss. Anomalies of inner ear structures
      established preoperatively may be a contraindication for stapedectomy.

PMID- 3408108
TI  - Follow-up study of recurrent parotitis in children.
AB  - Recurrent parotitis in children is a well-described but rare condition of unknown
      cause. In this follow-up investigation the long-term course of the disease was
      studied both clinically and radiographically. In 23 of 25 patients investigated,
      the clinical symptoms disappeared before the patients were 22 years of age,
      independent of a given therapy. However, sialographic changes, mostly in the form
      of sialectasis, were seen on follow-up in the majority of cases, in spite of the
      fact that the patients were clinically symptom free.

PMID- 3408110
TI  - Development of congenital laryngeal atresias and clefts.
AB  - Congenital supraglottic laryngeal obstruction still is being described as
      subglottic stenosis. There are three clearly defined types of congenital
      laryngeal atresia, which result from arrest at consecutive developmental stages.
      Type 1 consists of a supraglottic obstruction, absent vestibule, and stenotic
      infraglottis, and type 2 is a supraglottic obstruction that separates a shallow
      primitive vestibule above from a nonstenotic infraglottis. These two types
      usually are accompanied by other defects, many of them severe. In type 3, a
      perforated membrane partly obstructs the glottis. Arrest of the dorsal advance of
      the chondrifying cricoid before the ends meet to form the dorsal lamina results
      in a complete laryngeal cleft, and incomplete fusion of the ends may leave a
      notch and/or foramen within the lamina. Failure of the interarytenoid tissue to
      develop will produce a local cleft, and maldevelopment of the cricoid cartilage
      or infraglottic submucosa can result in true subglottic stenosis without
      supraglottic obstruction.

PMID- 3408111
TI  - Subperiosteal mastoid abscesses in chronic suppurative otitis media.
AB  - In Europe and America, acute mastoiditis usually appears as a complication of
      acute otitis media, and some patients develop subperiosteal mastoid abscesses. In
      Nigeria, however, most subperiosteal mastoid abscesses develop from chronic
      otitis media with cholesteatoma. Of the 16 patients with subperiosteal mastoid
      abscesses discussed, 11 (69%) had cholesteatoma and only five (31%) had
      granulation tissue in the mastoid cavity. The ideal treatment for these cases is
      modified radical mastoidectomy. Radiographic investigation of the mastoid can be
      useful in the diagnosis of cholesteatoma in the presence of a subperiosteal
      mastoid abscess.

PMID- 3408112
TI  - Alpha-interferon (Wellferon) as an adjunct to standard surgical therapy in the
      management of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis.
AB  - Ten patients received lymphoblastoid alpha-interferon (Wellferon) in a crossover
      study so that Wellferon and standard microsurgical laryngeal laser therapy could
      be compared to laser therapy alone. Wellferon was administered initially at an
      intravenous high dose of 15 megaunits/m2 for 5 days followed by a daily dose of 2
      megaunits/m2 subcutaneously for 6 months. Dosage was adjusted according to
      predefined toxicity. One patient was withdrawn from the study. Of the others, all
      but one received over 75% of the planned total dose. At follow-up of the nine
      assessable patients, complete remission was achieved in two of them, partial
      remission in four, and no response in the remainder. The two complete remissions
      were sustained for 2 years, but the four partial remissions were not sustained.
      Thus, a role for alpha-interferon in the kind of regimen used here remains to be
      established.

PMID- 3408113
TI  - Histologic investigation of hyperphonated canine vocal cords.
AB  - Vocal cord injury and its effect on the larynx are topics of considerable
      importance, yet a clear understanding of acute vocal cord injury from excessive
      phonation remains elusive. The inability to develop an animal model for vocal
      abuse has hampered research in this area. This project describes the development
      of a canine model for acute vocal cord injury from excessive phonation. The
      method of phonation consisted of a humidified, temperature-controlled, constant
      flow of air delivered subglottally by an external compressor. A small group of
      dogs underwent phonation for 2 and 4 hours. Vocal cord injury is described using
      histologic techniques. Damage to the vocal cords, other than hemorrhage (rare in
      dogs) and edema, proved to be too elusive for routine microscopy. Scanning and
      transmission electron microscopy showed extensive surface damage with destruction
      and loss of the surface microridges and premature desquamation of the vocal cord
      squamous epithelium. Injury extended to the lamina propria, where the collagen
      fibers were detached from the basement membrane.

PMID- 3408114
TI  - Nasal histamine and heparin in chronic rhinitis.
AB  - Histamine and heparin, both free and cellular, were assayed in the nasal mucosa
      of 11 atopic and 15 nonatopic patients undergoing turbinectomy for chronic
      rhinitis. There was no significant difference between the free and cellular
      histamine levels of the atopic and nonatopic patients. There was also no
      significant difference between the free heparin levels of atopic and nonatopic
      patients. Mean cellular heparin was, however, significantly greater in the
      nonatopic group. This finding, together with the results of mast cell counting,
      suggests either that in atopic patients heparin stores are already depleted prior
      to turbinectomy, or that in nonatopic individuals nasal mast cells contain an
      excess of heparin in nonreleasable stores.

PMID- 3408115
TI  - Metastatic thyroid carcinoma presenting as distal spinal cord compression.
AB  - The prognosis of metastatic thyroid carcinoma is dependent on the age of the
      patient, the histologic characteristics of the neoplasm, and the site of
      metastasis. A more favorable prognosis is found in patients less than 40 years
      old with follicular carcinoma and without any bony metastases. Metastatic thyroid
      carcinoma presenting as distal spinal cord compression is extremely rare. We
      report one such case and review the literature. As reported in the literature,
      the combination of decompressive laminectomy followed by total thyroidectomy and
      radioactive iodine therapy has proved to be effective in the treatment of
      patients with thyroid carcinoma metastatic to the distal vertebral bodies.

PMID- 3408116
TI  - Clinical nasal obstruction and objective respiratory mode determination.
AB  - Nasal obstruction represents a considerable portion of the symptoms addressed by
      the otolaryngologist. It has received widespread interest in the orthodontic
      literature as well, because of the presumed relation between nasal obstruction
      and facial growth, especially vertical maxillary excess. The range of normal
      variation in oral versus nasal breathing has not been defined. This study
      attempted to correlate patient symptoms with respiratory mode. A sample of 20
      symptomatic adult subjects presenting with nasal obstruction was compared to a
      control sample of 20 asymptomatic adults by means of SNORT (Simultaneous Nasal
      and Oral Respirometric Technique). Nasal resistance was significantly different
      between the two groups, but percent nasality (that proportion of the total volume
      of air breathed nasally) was a more consistent and significant finding. The
      relevance of these results to both clinical and basic physiology is discussed.

PMID- 3408117
TI  - Histopathologic study of eustachian tube in cleft palate patients.
AB  - We studied eight temporal bones from eight individuals with cleft palates (CPs)
      and eight age-matched control temporal bone specimens from our collection. We
      used the eustachian tube (ET) and its surrounding structures in serial vertical
      histologic sections. The findings observed in CP specimens were as follows: 1)
      the angle between axial lines through the tensor veli palatini (TVP) muscle and
      the superior portion of the ET lumen was narrow, 2) the angle between axial lines
      through the lateral lamina and the medial lamina of the cartilage was wide, 3)
      the angle between axial lines through the TVP muscle and the lateral lamina of
      the cartilage was narrow, and 4) the angle between axial lines through the
      superior part and the inferior part of the ET lumen was wide. From these
      findings, we assume that the ET dysfunction that occurs in individuals with CP is
      the result of abnormalities of the ET and its cartilage and of abnormal anatomic
      relationships of these structures to the TVP muscle.

PMID- 3408118
TI  - Sagittal palate fracture.

PMID- 3408120
TI  - T-tube device for the treatment of chronic secretory otitis media.

PMID- 3408119
TI  - Accessory parotid gland.
AB  - Accessory parotid glands may be found in approximately 20% of patients and are
      heir to all diseases affecting the parotid gland proper. Between 1% and 7% of all
      parotid neoplasms arise from the accessory glands, and 50% of these are
      histologically malignant.

PMID- 3408121
TI  - [Cutaneous signs of Noonan's syndrome. Apropos of a case with ulerythema
      ophyogenes, disseminated pilar and sudoral keratosis and progressive alopecia].
AB  - A case of typical Noonan syndrome (NS) with eye abnormalities, pterygium colli,
      cryptorchid testes, lymphoedema and asymmetrical cardiac septal hypertrophy is
      reported in a 8-month old infant. This case was particularly interesting since it
      included skin manifestations which enabled an early diagnosis to be made.
      Ulerythema ophryogenes has already been proposed as a cutaneous marker of NS, but
      the keratinization disorders in our patient also included disseminated keratosis
      of both hair follicles and sweat glands orifices. Abnormally brittle short curly
      hair has already been reported, but our patient exhibited progressive alopecia
      which is very rare in NS. Biochemical hair analysis did not show any
      abnormalities of aminoacids. All these features were suggestive of keratosis
      follicularis spinulosa decalvans. It therefore seems very likely that NS is
      associated with keratinization disorders but ulerythema ophryogenes might only be
      the limited form of these disorders. The other skin manifestations of NS are
      reviewed. Since the patient had 4 "cafe au lait" spots, the relation of NS with
      Von Recklinghausen syndrome, and neurofibromatosis-Noonan syndrome is discussed.
      Watson's Leopard and cardio-facial syndromes overlap with, and may represent
      subsets of NS.

PMID- 3408122
TI  - [Deep suppurated glandular cheilitis].

PMID- 3408123
TI  - [Peri- and subungual keratoacanthoma].

PMID- 3408125
TI  - [Laser puncture in dermatologic surgery].

PMID- 3408124
TI  - [Spitz juvenile nevomatosis. Profuse linear form].

PMID- 3408126
TI  - [Bipolarity of nevus lines].

PMID- 3408127
TI  - [A case for diagnosis: KID syndrome (keratosis, ichthyosis and deafness)].

PMID- 3408128
TI  - [A case for diagnosis: pseudocyst of the external ear].

PMID- 3408129
TI  - [Suture equipment in dermatologic surgery].

PMID- 3408130
TI  - A new cuffed oesophageal prosthesis for the management of malignant oesophago
      respiratory fistula.
AB  - Malignant oesophago-respiratory fistula is an incurable and distressing
      condition. Surgery is difficult, unsatisfactory or impossible, and standard
      oesophageal tubes often fail to occlude the fistula. A new tube is described
      which relieves dysphagia and occludes the fistula without risk of pressure
      necrosis. After insertion of the tube, the patients may be treated by
      radiotherapy.

PMID- 3408131
TI  - The practical management of Fournier's gangrene.
AB  - Effective early treatment of this serious condition is necessary to prevent
      death. Urgent exploration by the most experienced surgeon available should
      include wide excision of all necrotic or dubious tissue, and adequate drainage of
      deep fascial planes. Deep and apparently healthy tissues must be exposed and the
      surgeon must be prepared to proceed to laparotomy, and even diverting colostomy
      and/or suprapubic cystotomy when necessary. Cross matched blood must be
      available, and we have found hydrogen peroxide irrigation useful. Pus, tissues,
      and blood samples for bacteriological culture and sensitivity should always be
      sent, but broad spectrum antibiotics should be started without delay to prevent
      systemic complications. In addition to the urgent initial surgery, repeated daily
      examination of all wounds is necessary, usually under general anaesthesia to
      allow full inspection, further debridement, irrigation and change of dressings,
      until the infective process is halted. This is a serious condition with a high
      mortality which we believe may be reduced by early diagnosis and appropriate
      aggressive surgery.

PMID- 3408132
TI  - Transfer of anaesthetic records between hospitals.

PMID- 3408133
TI  - The first four years' experience of day case orthopaedic surgery in a district
      general hospital.
AB  - Clinical data were obtained for 2838 consecutive patients admitted to a new day
      case unit in a district general hospital by four consultant surgeons between 1
      October 1981 and 30 September 1985. Surgical procedures under general
      anaesthesia: on 2581 patients were analysed in detail. Intra-articular
      arthroscopic surgery was performed on 60% of knees. A fifth of patients had
      manipulation and intra-articular infection of a joint. Surgical operations
      involving the hands and forearm were required by 17%. Toe surgery was performed
      on 11% of patients of whom 21% had a distal metatarsal osteotomy. Overnight
      admission was necessary for 6% of patients because of postanaesthetic
      difficulties, the operation occurring too late in the day or proving more
      extensive. The use of day case facilities was an economic saving, pleased 98% of
      patients and reduced waiting list time significantly, except for patients with
      serious chronic joint disorders. The waiting list for total hip and knee
      replacements increased in the four year period.

PMID- 3408134
TI  - Change of central venous catheter using a guidewire.

PMID- 3408135
TI  - Elective splenectomy in haematological disorders.
AB  - We report on 106 elective splenectomies performed for haematological disorders
      between March 1979 and January 1986. The most common indications were immune
      thrombocytopenic purpura (30 patients) and Hodgkin's disease (19 patients).
      However, staging laparotomy is no longer performed routinely for patients with
      Hodgkin's disease and the reasons for this are discussed. Other indications for
      splenectomy included splenic pain (13 patients), autoimmune haemolytic anaemia
      (12 patients), hereditary spherocytosis (11 patients) and hypersplenism (9
      patients). The overall morbidity and mortality was 48% and 5% respectively. The
      most common postoperative complication was thrombocytosis (defined as a platelet
      count greater than 800 X 10(9)/l) and occurred in 26 patients. This review
      confirms that splenectomy continues to have an important role in the management
      of certain haematological disorders.

PMID- 3408136
TI  - Oesophageal resection in the elderly.
AB  - The outcome of transthoracic resection for carcinoma of the oesophagus and cardia
      was compared in seventy six patients over seventy years of age with that of 179
      patients under seventy. A resectability rate of 89% was achieved in the over 70
      group and 91% in the under seventy group. Hospital mortality at 3 months was 21%
      in the elderly group and 14% in the younger age group (P = NS). Postoperative
      pulmonary infection and cardiac arrhythmias were more frequent in the elderly but
      postoperative hospital stay was almost identical in both groups. There were three
      fatal anastomotic leaks in the over seventy group and six in the under seventies.
      Survival figures at one and five years showed no significant difference between
      the groups. We conclude that age alone is not a contraindication to surgical
      resection of carcinoma of the oesophagus and cardia.

PMID- 3408137
TI  - Lumbar sympathectomy in the management of rectal tenesmoid pain.
AB  - Lumbar sympathectomy was performed in twelve patients whose main or sole
      complaint was rectal tenesmus resulting from pelvic carcinoma, and in whom
      psychotropic drugs had failed to control their symptom. Following bilateral
      chemical lumbar sympathectomy, ten patients achieved complete relief and one
      patient achieved partial relief. No patient achieving relief had recurrence of
      their tenesmoid pain. Patients were followed up for between three days and seven
      months. No complications were noted except temporary hypotension in one patient.
      It is concluded that lumbar sympathectomy is a safe and effective treatment for
      rectal tenesmus and may be the treatment of choice if pharmacological methods
      have failed to control this symptom.

PMID- 3408138
TI  - The surgical treatment of intestinal obstruction due to left sided carcinoma of
      the colon.
AB  - Forty two consecutive patients who underwent surgery for an obstructing carcinoma
      of the left colon over a 5 year period were studied retrospectively. Twelve
      patients underwent an initial defunctioning procedure with no hospital deaths but
      with four deaths after a mean follow-up of 25 months. Of the 30 patients who had
      a primary tumour resection, 7 died during the first hospital admission and a
      further 4 during a mean follow-up period of 23.7 months. The hospital mortality
      following primary resection was related to the site and timing of the
      anastomosis. During the first hospital admission 3 of 5 patients died after
      colocolic anastomosis, 3 of 10 died following ileocolic anastomosis, but only 1
      of 15 died in those who did not have a primary anastomosis performed. The mean
      hospital stay of patients undergoing a delayed resection was 41 (s.e. (mean) 2.8)
      days compared to 24 (s.e. (mean) 2.8) days in those undergoing a primary
      resection. Primary tumour resection with a delayed anastomosis is recommended on
      the basis of these findings.

PMID- 3408139
TI  - Clinical acute cholecystitis and the Curtis-Fitz-Hugh syndrome.
AB  - When patients are admitted with clinically diagnosed acute cholecystitis, no
      cause will be found for their pain in 9-13% (4.5). Our retrospective study shows
      that women between 15-35 years are most likely to be in this group. Our
      prospective study of all patients in the 15-35 year age group admitted with
      clinical 'acute cholecystitis', showed that in 6 out of 7 patients with
      'undiagnosed' pain, the Curtis-Fitz-Hugh syndrome was the cause. We suggest that
      screening for the Curtis-Fitz-Hugh syndrome is performed in all patients with
      right upper quadrant pain who have a normal ultrasound scan.

PMID- 3408141
TI  - Bupivacaine squirting.

PMID- 3408140
TI  - Awareness during bronchoscopy.

PMID- 3408142
TI  - A relationship between perioperative blood transfusion and recurrence of
      carcinoma of the sigmoid colon following potentially curative surgery.

PMID- 3408143
TI  - Surgical audit in a district general hospital.

PMID- 3408144
TI  - The value of routine preoperative investigations.

PMID- 3408145
TI  - Emergency abdominal re-exploration in a district general hospital.

PMID- 3408146
TI  - 'False feet': an alternative to surgical shoes.

PMID- 3408147
TI  - The treatment of breast cancer: a study in evolution.

PMID- 3408148
TI  - The right approach to carcinoma of the cardia and lower oesophagus.

PMID- 3408149
TI  - A convenient aid for extension of the neck during thyroidectomy.

PMID- 3408150
TI  - Surgical management of thoracic malignancy in childhood: eight years' experience
      in Leeds.
AB  - During the period 1978 to 1986, 13 children aged 2-15 years underwent surgical
      resection of malignant thoracic tumours. Five children with neuroblastomas
      presented with chest pain and infections, pleural effusions, dysphagia,
      lymphadenopathy and paraplegia. Chemo- and radiotherapy were given preoperatively
      to previously diagnosed cases and postoperatively to all survivors. At operation,
      complete tumour clearance was possible in only two cases. Two children remain
      alive with no sign of recurrence at 6 and 7 1/2 years. Eight children with
      pulmonary metastases had undergone resection of the primary tumour and systemic
      chemotherapy. All were asymptomatic and were detected by chest radiographs. Wedge
      resection or lobectomy was performed. Two required contralateral resections at 4
      months. Two children remain alive with no evidence of recurrence at 2 and 6 1/2
      years. We conclude that aggressive surgical resection of childhood thoracic
      malignancy is worthwhile, but cooperation with a paediatric oncology team is
      essential.

PMID- 3408151
TI  - Delorme's operation: the first choice in complete rectal prolapse.

PMID- 3408152
TI  - Inguinal hernia repair: which suture?

PMID- 3408153
TI  - Anesthesia for major craniofacial surgery.

PMID- 3408154
TI  - Hepatic metastases in Hong Kong Chinese: evidence for an East-West difference in
      gastric cancer.

PMID- 3408155
TI  - The right approach to carcinoma of the cardia and lower esophagus.

PMID- 3408156
TI  - The broken nose: does familiarity breed neglect?

PMID- 3408157
TI  - Intravenous regional anaesthesia for lower limb orthopaedic surgery.

PMID- 3408158
TI  - Anesthesia for trans-sternal thymectomy in myasthenia gravis.

PMID- 3408159
TI  - Pleomorphic adenomas of the parotid: removal without rupture.

PMID- 3408160
TI  - Changes in anal sphincter tone at induction of anaesthesia.
AB  - Changes in anal pressure have been monitored during the induction of anaesthesia.
      Falls in pressure accompany loss of consciousness following bolus doses of
      commonly used intravenous and inhalational anaesthetic agents. Subsequent rises
      in pressure towards pre-anaesthetic levels are usually associated with the time
      taken to correct responses and initial recovery. Premedication, including
      anticholinergic drugs in conventional dosage, does not affect anal pressure.

PMID- 3408162
TI  - Why not rub it better?

PMID- 3408161
TI  - Anaesthetic problems in cross clamping of the thoracic aorta.
AB  - Cross clamping of the descending thoracic aorta is performed in this hospital for
      graft replacement of suprarenal aneurysms or during endarterectomy for extensive
      aortic occlusive disease. The anaesthetic management of nine patients is
      described and the surgical results are presented. Proximal aortic clamping and
      declamping lead to profound haemodynamic changes. Myocardial infarction,
      ventricular failure and even death may result. Renal preservation during clamping
      and massive blood transfusion are also problems of this surgical approach. The
      measures taken to ameliorate the consequences of proximal aortic clamping are
      discussed in detail.

PMID- 3408163
TI  - A technique of repairing acid burns of the stomach.
AB  - A technique of repairing acid burns of the stomach which are followed by fibrosis
      and stricture formation, is described. The operation has been done on 3 patients
      with a maximum follow-up of 4 years. The method has an advantage over
      conventional gastrojejunostomy of enlarging small gastric remnants especially
      when an oesophageal bypass is either necessary at the same time or later on. Also
      normal gastroduodenal continuity is maintained.

PMID- 3408164
TI  - Outcome of mechanical ventilation in Central Africa.
AB  - The outcome of mechanical ventilation is reported in a prospective series of 200
      patients managed in an intensive care unit in Zambia. Fifty two patients survived
      (26%), and 46 patients were subsequently discharged from hospital (23%). Ten
      patients died in whom a complication of ventilation was a factor. Patients not
      expected to survive by the authors had a 96.3% mortality whereas patients with a
      chance of survival had a mortality rate of 58.8%. Two diagnostic groups were
      found to have a high mortality: head injury (85.1%) and non-traumatic coma
      (76.4%). This series is compared with similar series from developed countries and
      recommendations are made for the institution of mechanical ventilation in the
      developing world.

PMID- 3408165
TI  - Colonoscopy in the diagnosis and management of colorectal neoplasia in a DGH.
AB  - Patients presenting to a district general hospital (DGH) with colorectal
      neoplasms have been studied before and after the introduction of a colonoscopy
      service, in order to investigate the diagnostic, therapeutic and economic
      benefits of performing colonoscopy in preference to sigmoidoscopy and double
      contrast barium enema (DCBE). Colonoscopy led to a 3-fold increase in the
      incidence of colonic polyps, and 22% of all adenomas showed worrying features.
      Severe dysplasia and malignancy was seen most frequently in large adenomas
      (greater than 2 cm), and in those with a villous component. Laparotomy was
      avoided in 31 patients with proximal polyps, giving colonoscopy an added
      therapeutic and economic advantage over sigmoidoscopy and DCBE. Colonoscopy was
      used less frequently to detect colonic carcinomas, as over half of these were
      rectal, or presented as emergencies. These findings confirm the value of
      performing colonoscopy in patients who present with colorectal symptoms.

PMID- 3408166
TI  - Why on earth do surgeons need quality assurance?
AB  - The article discusses the ways in which surgeons should respond to the growing
      external and internal pressures for ensuring the quality and appropriateness of
      surgical treatment. Quality Assurance is defined. Its development in the USA is
      described and it is debated whether or not a similar system should be introduced
      into the United Kingdom. The reasons for initiating a system of quality assurance
      into one health district and the experience so far gained is reported. The
      problems of quality assurance and some of the solutions are discussed.

PMID- 3408167
TI  - The correlation between gross appearance of the appendix at appendicectomy and
      histological examination.
AB  - A retrospective review of patients with a preoperative diagnosis of appendicitis
      or thought to have appendicitis at laparotomy showed a discrepancy between the
      surgeons' opinion of the macroscopic appearance of the appendix and the
      pathologist's opinion (which was assumed to be the most accurate) in 14.5% of
      cases. All cases were false positive diagnoses. Using the surgeons' descriptions
      of the appendix at appendicectomy, a sub-group can be identified with an 80%
      error rate. In this group, the terms used to describe the appendix were 'mild,
      early, slight or moderate inflammation'. This error rate is often ignored in
      studies on appendicitis. We recommend that only the terms 'normal' 'inflamed' or
      'gangrenous or perforated' should be used to describe the appendix. If there is
      any doubt, it should be classed as normal. These recommendations will improve
      diagnostic accuracy at operation.

PMID- 3408168
TI  - Limb salvage surgery in a district general hospital: factors affecting outcome.
AB  - In many patients with critical limb ischaemia, vascular reconstructive surgery is
      the only alternative to amputation to relieve severe rest pain or treat ischaemic
      ulcers and digital gangrene. Over a 4-year period, 402 patients with critical
      ischaemia of the lower limb were seen in the Derby Hospitals. One hundred and
      forty eight of these patients required primary amputation, 52 were treated with
      radiologically controlled angioplasty and in the remaining 208 patients, 218
      surgical procedures for limb salvage were carried out. The overall operative
      mortality of patients undergoing limb salvage surgery was 9% with 72% of patients
      surviving 2 years or more. Postoperative mortality was greater in those patients
      over 70 years (16% vs 6% P less than 0.02). Patient survival at 2 years was
      reduced in patients over 70 years at the time of surgery (49% vs 83% P less than
      0.001) and in those with 2 or more medical conditions (57% vs 71% P less than
      0.001) present in the perioperative period. Overall limb salvage in surviving
      patients was 92% at 1 year and 91% at 2 years following surgery. Successful limb
      salvage at 2 years following femorodistal surgery alone was lower and related and
      to both infrapopliteal run off (2-3 vessels 87% vs 1 vessel 68% P less than 0.01)
      and the graft material used (vein 87%, Dardik 76%, Goretex 58%, P less than
      0.01).

PMID- 3408169
TI  - Coping with respiratory obstruction after thyroidectomy for giant goitres in
      northern Nigeria.
AB  - Thyroidectomy for giant goitres in Northern Nigeria is associated with a high
      incidence of postoperative asphyxia. Tracheostomy may be a life saving procedure
      in these circumstances, but delay may prove fatal when its need arises
      insidiously. It is therefore better established prophylactically in patients who
      are more than likely to develop asphyxia, as in the case of preoperative
      complications followed by prolonged surgery. During the dry, dust-laden and
      desiccating Harmattan season of Northern Nigeria, however, tracheostomy poses
      life-threatening dangers and should be established only in patients who need it
      for survival. Postoperative asphyxia can be minimised by adopting certain
      operative techniques which reduce the risks of postoperative haematoma and
      laryngeal oedema. Establishment of a thyroidectomy team for surgery and for
      postoperative management improves results.

PMID- 3408170
TI  - Tuberculosis: a surgical viewpoint.
AB  - Over the past 15 years, 32 cases of tuberculosis have been seen and diagnosed in
      the surgical and gynaecological departments of the Northern General Hospital,
      Sheffield. The average age of patients was 42.8 years. Of the sites affected, 17
      had head, neck or axillary swellings, 6 affected the female genital tract, 3 had
      intra-abdominal tuberculosis, 2 presented with soft tissue swellings on the trunk
      or limbs, 2 affected the male genitourinary system, whilst the remaining cases
      presented with an ischiorectal and psoas abscess. The time delay between initial
      consultation and diagnosis being established was between 1 and 8 months. In only
      7 (21.8%) cases was a correct preoperative diagnosis made, with only 8 patients
      being clinically unwell at presentation. Twenty-three received antituberculous
      chemotherapy and there was one death. Tuberculosis will not be diagnosed or
      correctly treated unless it is considered in the differential diagnosis and
      appropriate specimens sent for bacteriology and histology. We conclude that
      tuberculosis is still prevalent in the surgical departments and both general
      surgeons and gynaecologists should consider the diagnosis more frequently than is
      currently the case.

PMID- 3408171
TI  - To drain or not after colorectal surgery.

PMID- 3408172
TI  - Risk factors in vascular surgical sepsis.
AB  - The risk factors for sepsis after vascular surgery were studied in 100
      consecutive patients with lower limb arterial ischaemia. Patients were randomised
      either to a short or long course of antibiotic prophylaxis with
      amoxycillin/clavulanic acid combination (Augmentin). Pathogenic organisms were
      isolated from the skin preoperatively in 39 (36%) cases, significantly more
      frequently in patients with ischaemic rest pain and skin necrosis (66%) than rest
      pain alone (21%) (P = 0.0004) or claudication/aneurysm (11%) (P = 0.0001). All
      but three organisms isolated (5%) were sensitive to amoxycillin/clavulanic acid.
      A wound infection occurred after 21 (19%) reconstructions, significantly more
      frequently both in patients suffering rest pain with skin necrosis (P = 0.001)
      and rest pain without skin necrosis (P = 0.04) compared with
      claudication/aneurysm. Sixteen of the 21 patients with a wound infection had at
      least one organism isolated from their skin preoperatively (P = 0.0001). Twelve
      patients (57%) had a similar organism isolated from the skin preoperatively and
      from the postoperative wound infection. Reducing the course of antibiotic
      prophylaxis from 5 days to 3 doses did not significantly increase the infection
      rate. The only other significant risk factor for sepsis was increasing age of the
      patient. Although prophylaxis is undisputed in patients having synthetic grafts,
      antibiotics may not be as important in the prevention of wound sepsis as had been
      thought. The role of antiseptic agents requires further evaluation.

PMID- 3408173
TI  - Spinal anaesthesia for day case surgery.
AB  - Postoperative morbidity in fifty day care patients undergoing spinal anaesthesia
      was evaluated by means of a postoperative questionnaire. Despite the use of a 26G
      spinal needle in all patients, there was an overall incidence of spinal headache
      of 18%, which rose to 39% when considering patients under 40 years of age.
      Several spinal headaches of three to five days' duration were reported. Patients
      receiving spinal anaesthesia were compared with a smaller group of patients
      receiving general anaesthesia for similar procedures, and this group showed no
      evidence of post-operative morbidity after 48 h. In agreement with a previous
      study, it is concluded that spinal anaesthesia is not a suitable technique for
      the young day care patient.

PMID- 3408175
TI  - Remotely inserted venous occlusion catheters for the control of venous
      haemorrhage.
AB  - This paper describes the use of venous occlusion catheters inserted via the long
      saphenous vein or its tribularies for control of major retroperitoneal venous
      haemorrhage. The technique has been applied successfully in 10 cases of trauma
      and aortocaval fistula. Exposure and insertion are simple and quick and a measure
      of control is obtained before exposure of the injury which can then be completely
      repaired before deflation of the balloon and withdrawal of the catheter.

PMID- 3408174
TI  - Intraoperative testing of the integrity of left-sided colorectal anastomoses: a
      technique of value to the surgeon in training.
AB  - Left-sided colorectal anastomoses sometimes leak despite the best efforts of the
      surgeon. The cause is thought to be multifactorial but imperfections in the
      technique of performing the anastomosis must play some part. A method for testing
      the integrity of left-sided colorectal anastomoses has been developed using
      intraluminal distension. Twenty-one patients were studied and defects in the
      anastomosis were found in five (24%). These defects were rectified at the time of
      operation. We conclude that this method is useful for demonstrating imperfections
      in anastomotic technique and we suggest a distending pressure of 25 cm saline. We
      suggest that the method may be particularly useful for the surgeon in training.

PMID- 3408176
TI  - British Association of Clinical Anatomists, summer meeting. 7th, 8th and 9th July
      1987, Leiden, The Netherlands. Abstracts.

PMID- 3408178
TI  - Auditing perioperative mortality.

PMID- 3408177
TI  - Fine needle aspiration cytology of breast masses.

PMID- 3408179
TI  - Day case arthroscopy and arthroscopic surgery of the knee.

PMID- 3408180
TI  - Anaesthesia for trans-sternal thymectomy in myasthenia gravis.

PMID- 3408181
TI  - The role of CT in the management of carcinoma of the oesophagus and cardia.

PMID- 3408182
TI  - A convenient aid for the extension of the neck during thyroidectomy.

PMID- 3408183
TI  - The first four years' experience of day case orthopaedic surgery in a district
      general hospital.

PMID- 3408184
TI  - [The surgeon and AIDS].

PMID- 3408185
TI  - [Conservative treatment of injuries of the spleen by perisplenic prosthesis.
      Apropos of 19 cases].

PMID- 3408187
TI  - [A sure method of treatment of the pancreatic stump after cephalic
      duodenopancreatectomy: pancreaticogastric anastomosis].

PMID- 3408186
TI  - [Should indications for pylorus preservation be extended during
      duodenopancreatectomy?].

PMID- 3408188
TI  - [Stiffness and ankylosis of the elbow. Apropos of 35 cases].

PMID- 3408189
TI  - [Value of the anterior approach to the pedicle of lower cervical spine. Anterior
      osteosynthesis with isthmopedicle screwing. Reduction-contention of various mal
      unions].

PMID- 3408190
TI  - [Anterior decompression and spinal stabilization in the treatment of dorsolumbar
      metastatic compressions].

PMID- 3408191
TI  - [Treatment of fractures of the femur in children].

PMID- 3408192
TI  - [Prevention of obesity in swine by longitudinal gastrectomy].

PMID- 3408193
TI  - [Cardiac Doppler in the selection of patients for aortic valvuloplasty.
      Comparison with data of phonomecanograms].
AB  - Between December 1986 and August 1987, 34 patients referred for aortic
      valvuloplasty, undergo before catheterization an ultrasonocardiography with
      continuous and pulsed Doppler study and a phonocardiography for 22 of them. They
      all present functional and physical signs of aortic stenosis. The cardiac Doppler
      enables a positive diagnosis in all patients, while the phonocardiography
      recordings fail to recognize a tight aortic stenosis. On the other hand, the
      Doppler enables a diagnosis of severity well correlated with the catheterization
      (r = 0.88 for maximum instantaneous gradients) in 30 patients: in four patients,
      the correlation could not be calculated because of technical problems related to
      the catheterization (2 patients) or the ultrasonic examination (2 patients). From
      this study, it results that the cardiac Doppler may perfectly select patients who
      are to undergo an aortic valvuloplasty, unlike phonocardiography.

PMID- 3408194
TI  - [Control of the patency of coronary-internal mammary artery bypasses by non
      selective angiography].
AB  - 98 successive coronary bypasses using the internal mammary artery were controlled
      systematically, at an early stage, about the 17th postoperative day, by non
      selective brachial angiography using a retrograde injection. This control method,
      simple, quick, reliable and non-aggressive, enables to visualize the internal
      mammary artery and the bypassed coronary vessel, over its entire length. There
      were no failure in the control, nor any local or general complication during this
      examination. The overall patency of such bypasses, evaluated with this method, is
      98 p. cent in our series, with however, 12 p. cent of angiographic aspects of a
      poorly functional bypass. These aspects are related to a slow flow in the by-pass
      (spindly internal mammary artery, anastomotic stenosis or thin distal bed of the
      bypassed coronary artery), or to a competitive flow (non significant coronary
      stenosis). The perfusion of the bypassed coronary, which is not so well studied
      in the literature, is important to analyze and difficult to evaluate with our
      technique because of the static views that are used. A similar non-selective
      angiographic method using a dynamic recording (radio-cinema with dual incidence)
      is currently being evaluated.

PMID- 3408196
TI  - [Left ventricular ejection impediment during mitral valve replacement. Apropos of
      a case after insertion of a Carpentier-Edwards bioprosthesis].
AB  - Left ventricular ejection impediment is one of the complications of mitral valve
      replacement, especially in case of isolated mitral stenosis with small left
      ventricle. The use of a "low profile" valve does not prevent this complication.
      The diagnosis is based on catheterization but the advent of the ultrasound
      Doppler may make it easier.

PMID- 3408195
TI  - [Floating thrombus of the right atrium in acute pulmonary embolism. Clinical,
      echocardiographic aspects and therapeutic sequelae].
AB  - The performance of a systematic sonocardiography in all our patients hospitalized
      since January 1985 for pulmonary embolism, has enabled to discover five cases of
      floating thrombus of the right atrium. Three patients presented an abnormal
      auscultation, with one of them presenting a tricuspid wedge syndrome. On the
      sonogram, the aspect of the thrombus, "coil or ball-shaped", floating in the
      atrial cavity, sometimes prolapsed through the tricuspid valve, associated with
      the signs of a pulmonary heart, enables to rule out other right intraatrial
      masses. Pulmonary angiography seems contra-indicated because of the risk of
      embolus of this thrombus, the migration of which may be fatal. Embolectomy, under
      extra-corporeal circulation (heart-lung pump) with examination of the right
      cavities appears to be the treatment of choice.

PMID- 3408197
TI  - [Cough and inhibitors of the angiotensin-converting enzyme].
AB  - Regarding 5 recent cases of cough induced by inhibitors of angiotensin conversion
      enzyme (CEI), the authors emphasize the still underestimated frequency of this
      annoying and sometimes disabling side-effect (10 to 15% of cases). They remind of
      their clinical and evolutive characteristics: dry cough, predominantly at night,
      often occurring rapidly, sometimes delayed (up to 17 months) after introduction
      of the CEI and unrelated to the dosage. The cough usually disappears in two to
      three days (up to 8 days) upon discontinuation of the treatment. The test of
      discontinuation-reintroduction, possibly crossed (captopril/enalapril) is used in
      questionable cases as a diagnostic test. Besides, this diagnosis must be made
      rapidly in order to avoid costly, unnecessary laboratory tests which are
      sometimes unpleasant for the patient. The cough could be explained by an
      irritation of the bronchial mucosa secondary to bradykinin and pulmonary E2
      prostaglandins elevation, under CEI.

PMID- 3408198
TI  - [Acute aortic insufficiency. Diagnostic and prognostic value of cardiac
      ultrasonic Doppler].
AB  - Although infrequent, acute aortic insufficiency must be identified at an early
      stage. The clinical picture is often deceptive. Ultrasonic cardiography and
      cardiac Doppler represent, today, a diagnostic technique of choice which specify
      the mechanism of the acute valve leakage, the condition of the ascending aorta
      and the repercussions on the left ventricle.

PMID- 3408199
TI  - [Obstacle to left ventricle ejection after mitral valvular replacement with a
      Carpentier-Edwards bioprosthesis. Apropos of 2 cases].
AB  - Impairment of the left ventricular ejection induced by a mitral prosthesis
      remains an infrequent complication, perhaps because it often is unrecognized.
      This complication would mainly be seen with ball prostheses or standard
      bioprosthesis used in mitral valve replacements with a small ventricle. Two cases
      have been recently reported during mitral valve replacement. The two patients
      were successfully re-operated upon, one after five weeks and the second
      immediately after the first procedure. A review of the literature enable to
      specify the etiology and diagnostic criteria with the assistance of Doppler
      sonocardiography. Early re-operation may prevent death, often due to a post
      operative myocardial dysfunction.

PMID- 3408200
TI  - [Tight mitral stenosis caused by calcifications of the ring extending to the
      valves].
AB  - Three years after valve replacement for Monckeberg type aortic stenosis, a tight
      and poorly tolerated tight mitral stenosis is observed, secondary to massive
      calcifications of the ring extending to the valves. The diagnosis is made with
      Doppler sonography and hemodynamic examination. Excision of the calcifications is
      particularly difficult. An early death occurs. Calcifications of the mitral ring
      extending to the valves, either isolated or mainly associated with a calcified
      aortic stenosis, may be complicated by mitral stenosis. The latter, usually
      moderate, may be tight and require surgical treatment, of severe prognosis.

PMID- 3408202
TI  - Prevention of ischaemic heart disease. 11th Puijo Symposium. Kuopio, August 17
      19, 1987. Proceedings.

PMID- 3408201
TI  - [Chronic left parietal endocarditis. Clinical, paraclinical and peroperative
      study of 22 cases].
AB  - From 22 patients with left chronic parietal endocarditis (CPE), conducted an
      epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical and per-operative study. The CPE is
      frequently encountered in the Ivory Coast in Akan children living in forest areas
      in 81 p. cent of the cases. It causes a mitral insufficiency, of the which the
      essential mechanism is fibrosis of the sub-valvular apparatus. The clinical
      examination is that of a severe advanced mitral insufficiency. Cardiomegaly is
      the rule. In 31 p. cent of cases, the ECG shows a Qr in V1. The dip plateau on
      the apexocardiogram is never found and the protodiastolic endocardial resonance
      is inconstant on phonomechanical processor. The aspect in M of the
      interventricular septum, found in 72 p. cent of the cases on echo TM is of major
      importance when direct signs are missing on bidimensional sonograms.
      Angiocardiography remains the reference diagnostic examination. But only the
      surgical survey enables to demonstrate limited forms.

PMID- 3408203
TI  - From exercise physiology to preventive medicine.
AB  - The study of the normal human individual provides an important baseline for the
      study of disease. Exercise physiology is particularly important because an
      exercise situation provides a unique opportunity to study how different functions
      are coordinated and integrated. In fact, most functions and structures are in one
      way or another affected by acute and chronic (i.e. training) exercise. There is
      unanimous agreement that regular exercise is essential for optimal function of
      the human body. It is evident that extrinsic factors, such as diet and exercise
      habits, are reflected in the morbidity and mortality statistics, especially in
      aging. Both healthy individuals and those with chronic illnesses and functional
      handicaps can improve their performances and, therefore, their quality of life by
      increased physical activity. In my opinion, epidemiological research has
      established that physical inactivity from a medical viewpoint is a risk factor
      threatening health and an optimal life style. Adverse effects of non-competitive
      exercises are very small in comparison with health benefits.

PMID- 3408204
TI  - Smoking and ischaemic heart disease--facts and controversies.

PMID- 3408206
TI  - Type A behaviour pattern and ischaemic heart disease.
AB  - A brief review is given on the definition, prevalence and strength of type A
      behaviour as an ischemic heart disease risk factor. Special emphasis is placed on
      the results of a Finnish population study. Type A behaviour has unequivocally
      been shown to be a relevant risk factor in middle-aged American populations. The
      evidence for its function in other populations is still equivocal. Some
      components of type A behaviour, e.g. hostility and impatience, may be more
      important than other features as predictors of ischemic heart disease.

PMID- 3408205
TI  - Social contacts and ischaemic heart disease.
AB  - The association between measures of social connections and mortality from
      ischemic heart disease was studied using data from the Alameda County Study in
      California and the North Karelia Study in Eastern Finland. In both studies, there
      is a significant association between the extent of social connections and
      mortality from ischemic heart disease. Those who are socially isolated are at 2
      to 3-fold increased risk of death over 5 to 9 years when compared to those most
      connected. These results are found when there is extensive adjustment for
      traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Analyses using a variety of techniques
      provide no evidence that this association is due to the impact of prevalent
      disease on the extent of social contacts. Furthermore, changes in social
      connections during one 9-year period are prospectively associated with increased
      risk of death from ischemic heart disease in a subsequent 9-year period. Finally,
      evidence is presented indicating that the level of social connections modifies
      the association between diastolic blood pressure and risk of death from ischemic
      heart disease.

PMID- 3408207
TI  - Job strain and ischaemic heart disease: an epidemiologic study of metal workers.

PMID- 3408208
TI  - Preparing primary care for prevention.
AB  - The medical profession must take strong responsibility in the field of coronary
      heart disease prevention. Among other things, it is necessary to develop and
      implement effective strategies for non-pharmacologic treatment of high
      cholesterol levels, in order to avoid unnecessary medicalization. It is evident
      that the normal level of care for this is primary care. Important cornerstones
      for the process of project implementation are suggested, partly based on
      experience from a hypertension project. These cornerstones are reorganization of
      care and development of local project ownership. Experience from a postgraduate
      Swedish National education program is used to promote the concept of problem
      oriented education.

PMID- 3408209
TI  - International trends in mortality and morbidity from ischaemic heart disease.
AB  - International mortality trends for ischaemic heart disease are summarized for the
      period 1972 to 1984, comparing the most recent with earlier changes in total
      mortality. A review of data on changes in incidence, short-term and long-term
      prognosis indicate that major declines in coronary heart disease mortality must
      have been due primarily to prevention, but improvements in short-term prognosis
      and, according to some studies, long-term prognosis have most likely contributed
      to the downward trends. Based on information available to date, changes in life
      styles, health-promoting or detrimental as the case may be, correlate with
      changes in risk factors and observed trends in coronary heart disease mortality.

PMID- 3408210
TI  - Metabolic epidemiology of plasma cholesterol.

PMID- 3408211
TI  - New methodologies for studying the prevention of atherosclerosis.
AB  - To determine if multiple risk factor modification favorably alters the rate of
      progression of coronary atherosclerosis, 300 patients with established
      atherosclerosis have been randomized into a clinical trial; 155 to usual care and
      145 to special intervention. All patients have medical/risk examinations at
      baseline and annually for 4 years. The special intervention patients undergo
      aggressive risk factor management with emphasis on lipoprotein modification,
      dietary management, smoking abatement, blood pressure control, weight loss and
      increased physical activity. To measure progression of atherosclerosis, a
      quantitative, computer-assisted coronary arteriographic system was developed to
      analyze the baseline and 4-year follow-up arteriograms. This procedure uses a
      catheter with a metallic calibration cylinder at its tip to determine absolute
      artery size and automated computer edge detection techniques to define the
      internal border of the artery. The analysis system detects artery borders using
      changes in cine film density and measures distances between these borders. For
      each segment the minimum, maximum and mean diameters are measured and percent
      stenosis and atheroma area calculated. This system provides precise and
      reproducible measures of coronary artery segment diameter. Using this technique,
      we estimate a 33% reduction in the rate of coronary artery progression over 4
      years, defined as mean segment diameter, can be detected at a power of 0.80 and
      an alpha of 0.05 (one tailed test) with a sample size of 120 in each of 2 groups.

PMID- 3408212
TI  - The evolution of mass atherosclerotic diseases: the rationale for primary
      prevention.

PMID- 3408213
TI  - Is there a continuing need for longitudinal epidemiologic research? The Kuopio
      Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study.

PMID- 3408214
TI  - Physical activity in the prevention of ischaemic heart disease.
AB  - Among the 5 main motor functions of coordination, flexibility, strength,
      velocity, and endurance, mainly the last one is of essential preventive
      cardiological significance. There are peripheral and central metabolic and
      haemodynamic adaptations which can reduce the oxygen demand of the heart muscle.
      The flow properties of the blood are improved combined with an antithrombotic
      effect. Endurance training induces alterations in the lipoprotein metabolism
      which could be useful for protection against arteriosclerosis. Effects of
      training on some hormones are described in connection with silent heart
      ischaemia. The listed protective results of endurance training are the sum of all
      possibilities of training related to different sports events, exercise
      intensities and duration. A recommendation is given for a minimum training
      program based on practical experience.

PMID- 3408215
TI  - Physical activity and risk factors for ischaemic heart disease--ten years of
      research for health improvement.

PMID- 3408216
TI  - Physical activity and effects of muscle training in the elderly.
AB  - With aging, several functions related to the locomotor system will deteriorate.
      Still, there is a rather well-maintained adaptability for increasing physical
      activity and for training in the elderly with respect to strength as well as
      endurance. Part of the observed reduction in muscle function with age could
      therefore be caused by inactivity. Evidently, however, there is a reduction in
      muscle mass with age due to loss of motor units. Muscle strength and aerobic
      power will fall fairly proportionally to the reduction in muscle mass. The muscle
      changes are, at least up to around the age of 70, more quantitative than
      qualitative. There is a reduction in the size of the fast-twitch (type II) fibers
      in the quadriceps, but not in other muscles such as the biceps brachii,
      presumably due to differences in activity pattern and motor unit recruitment.
      Aging per se may not reduce oxidative enzymatic capacity in the skeletal muscle.
      There is maintained potential for increase with endurance training. Thus, as an
      extreme example in very well trained elderly endurance athletes, high activity of
      citrate synthase is found and, in connection with that, also low plasma insulin
      values at baseline as well as after glucose intake. Limitations to aerobic
      capacity besides the reduced muscle mass are mainly located in the central
      circulatory and respiratory systems. Comparing the oxygen cost of activities in
      daily living, such as walking, and the aerobic power of the elderly, suggestions
      will be given on the choice of training activities.

PMID- 3408217
TI  - More exercise for the obese?
AB  - Increased physical activity has usually not been considered a successful means to
      treat obesity because of the small and slowly occurring weight loss and bad
      compliance with exercise programs. Exercise has been advocated because it
      prevents the loss of fat-free tissues induced by hypocaloric diets. Muscular work
      may also elevate the metabolic rate for some hours after the cessation of
      exercise, but this requires high-intensity exercise. Instead, aerobic exercise
      may have more importance in ameliorating metabolic and hemodynamic disturbances
      often associated with obesity. Aerobic exercise of moderate intensity may
      increase serum high-density and decrease very-low-density lipoproteins, decrease
      serum insulin, and decrease blood pressure, especially during exertion. Similar
      alterations may also be achieved with a prudent diet alone, but inclusion of
      exercise provides more possibilities to vary the diet. A multifactorial approach
      (nutrition education, behavior modification and exercise) is needed to improve
      adherence to diet in mild and moderate obesity and to maintain weight loss. More
      than a formal physical exercise program for a couple of months, the obese need to
      include physical activity permanently as a part of everyday life.

PMID- 3408218
TI  - More exercise for the hypertensives?

PMID- 3408219
TI  - More exercise for the hyperlipidaemic patients?
AB  - Epidemiological studies have left no doubt that moderate to vigorous physical
      training (PT) of endurance type decreases atherogenic lipoprotein fractions and
      increases vasoprotective lipoproteins. Depending on the underlying metabolic
      abnormality in various dyslipoproteinaemias a different response to endurance
      training was observed. PT is particularly effective in most forms of primary
      hypertriglyceridaemias. PT acts on both excessive VLDL production and fractional
      catabolic rate of TG--rich lipoproteins. However, improved removal seems to be of
      dominating importance. In primary hypercholesterolaemia LDL--cholesterol levels
      did not change during a 4 weeks exercise regimen with standardized isocaloric
      lipid lowering diet. In observational studies with hyperlipidaemic patients with
      stable body weight and under lipid lowering diet, during the first 4-6 weeks no
      significant effect on HDL was seen, whereas longterm studies clearly demonstrate
      an increase in HDL--cholesterol. Further beneficial effects of PT in
      hyperlipidaemic patients are improved glucose tolerance, down--regulation of
      hyperinsulinaemia, lowering of blood pressure and correction of
      hypercoagulability of the blood.

PMID- 3408220
TI  - Exercise prescription in medical practice.
AB  - The goal of exercise prescription is to advise and motivate an individual to
      attain the maximum health benefits of exercise for a given indication with
      minimum risk and other "costs". Numerous data indicate both perceived demand and
      medically determined need of such service for healthy as well as for sick people.
      The knowledge of the effects of exercise and its behavioral basis is sufficient
      for individual prescription for fitness maintenance and improvement. Safe and
      effective exercise as self-conducted activity or as formal rehabilitation can be
      prescribed also for large numbers of high risk and sick persons for fitness and
      to counteract the harmful effects of disease. The most problematic area is
      exercise prescription for disease prevention. Where ischaemic heart disease is
      concerned, the analysis of the published information suggests that regular
      exercise of moderate intensity and amount is an effective and feasible preventive
      measure, and its prescription is an appropriate medical service.

PMID- 3408221
TI  - Dietary lipids and ischaemic heart disease--progress in 20 years.

PMID- 3408223
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies to blood group antigens.
AB  - To obtain haemagglutinating monoclonal antibodies as potential blood typing
      reagents 10 fusions were performed between mouse myeloma cells and spleen cells
      from mice immunised with either blood group substances or human red blood cells.
      Nineteen hybridomas with anti-A specificity and 10 with anti-B specificity were
      generated, Three were selected for further investigations. Some of these
      hybridoma clones produce and secrete both IgM and IgG.

PMID- 3408222
TI  - Subtype analysis of the hepatitis B surface antigen using monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - A series of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) were produced against the hepatitis B
      surface antigen (HBsAg) and their specificity tested against 2 separate panels of
      known HBsAg subtypes. Using an enzymeimmunoassay, mAbs that specifically bind to
      the 'a', 'd' and 'w' epitopes were identified. There were also a number of mAbs
      that expressed binding patterns that do not correspond to the standard
      serological classification--which is not unusual since the mAbs were of murine
      origin. These mAbs are at present being used to replace the conventional goat or
      guinea-pig derived HBsAg subtyping antisera which are available in limited
      quantities and often vary in titer.

PMID- 3408224
TI  - Controlled therapeutic trial of IgA nephritis with follow-up renal biopsies.
AB  - Forty-eight patients with IgA nephritis entered a 3 year controlled prospective
      trial using a combination regimen of cyclophosphamide for 6 months and
      dipyridamole and low dose warfarin for 36 months. Those in the treatment group (n
      = 27) had stable renal function and a significant decrease in proteinuria (p less
      than 0.01) but in the controlled group (n = 21) there was a significant fall in
      creatinine clearance (p less than 0.01) and rise in serum creatinine (p less than
      0.02) with no change in proteinuria. The data suggested that the above treatment
      resulted in a significant reduction of proteinuria and more stable renal
      function. Eleven patients in the treatment group and 10 patients in the
      controlled group had repeat renal biopsies after the trial. Eight parameters were
      used in the evaluation of the renal biopsies: mesangial hypercellularity,
      crescents, tuft adhesion, segmental sclerosis, global sclerosis, tubular atrophy,
      interstitial fibrosis and vascular sclerosis. Each lesion was graded from 0 to 3
      and a total scoring system used for evaluation of histological severity. In the
      treatment group there was no significant histological deterioration but in the
      controlled group there was progressive histological deterioration. Mean total
      histological score was 3.7 +/- 2.6 before the trial and 6.5 +/- 3.1 after the
      trial (p less than 0.05). This histological progression appeared to run parallel
      with the clinical course.

PMID- 3408226
TI  - Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome: a case report.
AB  - This case report describes a patient with Melkersson-Rosenthal Syndrome. The
      clinical manifestation and current aetiological postulates are discussed.

PMID- 3408225
TI  - Megaloblastic anaemia--a review from University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur.
AB  - During a 5 year period, 28 adult patients with megaloblastic anaemia (MA) were
      treated in University Hospital. 71% of the patients were Indians. Symptoms of
      anaemia was the main presenting complaint in 18 (64%) of patients while in 2
      patients peripheral neuropathy was the main problem. Pancytopenia was a common
      finding (present in 18 (64%) patients) while 6 (21%) patients had severe
      thrombocytopenia (less than 20 x 10(9)/L). The peripheral blood morphology
      provided important diagnostic clues i.e. macrocytes and/or hypersegmented
      neutrophils seen in most patients. Concurrent iron deficiency 'dampened' the
      megaloblastic picture. Though most patients suffered from MA of nutritional
      origin, 3 patients were diagnosed to have pernicious anaemia and 2 patients had
      myelodysplastic syndrome. Important practice points were detection of concurrent
      infection and hypokalemia which necessitated appropriate treatment. The
      controversy of blood transfusion in treatment of MA and the importance of
      reassessing patients after treatment were highlighted.

PMID- 3408227
TI  - Respiratory function in cadmium battery workers--a follow-up study.
AB  - The lung function status of workers in a cadmium-nickel battery factory was re
      examined 3 years after an initial study which showed a mild restrictive effect.
      During this period, further measures were taken to reduce the cadmium exposure.
      Of the 44 'original' cadmium-exposed workers, 17 were still exposed to cadmium.
      Another 13 were transferred to non-cadmium work at least 6 months and 14 left the
      company at least 1 year before the present study. Blood and urine cadmium
      concentrations were considerably lower than previously, consistent with the
      decreased cadmium-in-air levels. The total lung capacity increased both in the
      workers who were still exposed to cadmium and those who ceased exposure. The
      latter group also had increased vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in
      one second. The prevalence of respiratory symptoms decreased particularly in the
      workers who were no longer exposed to cadmium.

PMID- 3408228
TI  - Breast stimulation--a new method for induction of cervical ripening in
      complicated term pregnancies.
AB  - We have studied the use of breast stimulation as a method of cervical ripening in
      75 patients who had complicated term pregnancies and who required induction of
      labour. The indications for induction were prolonged pregnancy greater than 42
      weeks (N = 12), hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (N = 26), suspected intra
      uterine growth retardation (N = 30) and a combination of two or more of the above
      (N = 7). All patients had a modified Bishop score of less than 5 before the start
      of nine hours of unilateral breast stimulation spread over three days. Twenty
      nine out of the 75 patients went into labour during the three day period and, of
      the remainder, there was a significant improvement in the cervical score of 2.87
      +/- 1.99. Three patients, all of whom had prolonged pregnancy, had exaggerated
      uterine activity. Two patients had foetal heart rate deceleration on antenatal
      cardiotocography during their first session of breast stimulation but this did
      not recur in any of their subsequent sessions. No patient had both exaggerated
      uterine activity and foetal heart rate deceleration. There was no case of
      perinatal mortality or morbidity.

PMID- 3408229
TI  - Determination of codeine and morphine in human plasma by high performance liquid
      chromatography with serial electrochemical detection.
AB  - A method is described for the determination of codeine and its metabolite,
      morphine, at low nanogram concentrations in plasma. Analysis is accomplished by
      high-performance liquid chromatography utilizing a cyanopropyl normal bonded
      phase (NBP) column in reversed-phase mode and two electrochemical detectors in
      series configuration. Two internal standards are utilized, ethyl morphine for
      codeine and nalorphine for morphine. Codeine and morphine concentration data are
      presented for several patients receiving codeine-containing medications. The
      lower limit of detectability was 2.00 +/- 0.39 ng per mL for codeine and 1.20 +/-
      0.83 ng per mL for morphine. The patient sample mean within-run coefficients of
      variation for codeine and morphine (at 10 ng per mL) were less than 10 percent, n
      = 30. The between-run coefficient of variation for codeine was also less than 10
      percent (over a range of two to 190 ng per mL, n = 61), and was approximately 15
      percent for morphine (over a range of two to 40 ng per mL, n = 31).

PMID- 3408230
TI  - [Medullary cancer of the thyroid].

PMID- 3408231
TI  - [Insulin-resistant diabetes and polycystic ovary].
AB  - The observation of one patient with insulin resistance (114 unites of soluble
      insulin in 3 injections per day + 54 units of medium acting insulin at 8 pm)
      associated with a polycystic ovarian disease prompted us to discuss the
      relationship between hyperandrogenism, acanthosis nigricans and endogenous
      hyperinsulinism. An in vitro study of the insulin binding to patient's
      erythrocytes allowed to diagnose the rare Type A insulin-resistance syndrome
      proposed by Kahn.

PMID- 3408232
TI  - The adolescent growth spurt in the soft tissues of the face.
AB  - The faces of 8 boys and 8 girls were recorded annually by short base
      stereophotogrammetry. The output for the 16 children consisted of 158 life-size
      facial maps allowing the serial three-dimensional measurement of 13 soft tissue
      facial parameters. Three of these parameters (1, 2 and 3) measured the width of
      the palpebral fissures and the intercanthal distance and were therefore related
      to the eyes, and 'neural' in character. The remaining 10 parameters (4-13)
      measured facial characteristics. Standing height was also recorded. The values
      for each characteristic were age-corrected. Means for the different soft tissue
      facial parameters are reported for ages 9-16 years. The original individual
      readings were then three-point smoothed and related first to the year in which
      peak growth was achieved in standing height, second to the two years preceding
      and, third, to the two years following that year. The means for the 10 facial
      parameter growth velocities extending below the eyes showed an adolescent growth
      spurt related to that in standing height, although not necessarily coinciding
      with that year. Of the 10 parameters, 5 peaked in PHV year, 3 in -1 PHV year and
      2 in +1 PHV year. The facial parameters at eye level, which are really 'neural'
      parameters, showed much smaller growth velocities and no spurt.

PMID- 3408233
TI  - Consanguineous marriages and marriage payment: a study among three south Indian
      caste groups.
AB  - The present study aims at understanding the interrelations between consanguineous
      marriages and marriage payment. The data are collected from three castes
      inhabiting two regions of Nellore district, Andhra Pradesh, South India. It is
      evident from the study that the dowry system is more prevalent among higher
      castes, while the bride wealth system is more common among the lower castes in
      the hierarchy. Further, it can be seen that the dowry system is more prevalent in
      developed regions, while bride-wealth is more common in backward regions.
      Marriage payment is found to be less common in close kin marriages than in
      unrelated marriages. Most of the uncle-niece marriages are without any marriage
      payment, in all the castes. However, most of the matrilateral cross-cousin and
      patrilateral cross-cousin marriages are also without any marriage payment in the
      Devanga.

PMID- 3408234
TI  - Data management for growth studies.
AB  - This paper outlines the requirements for a computerized data management package
      designed specifically to handle growth data. Features include: screen design for
      data entry, data checking on distances and velocities, extraction of selected
      subsets of records or variables.

PMID- 3408235
TI  - The second national growth and development survey of children in China, 1985:
      children 0 to 7 years.
AB  - To evaluate the normal physical growth and development of Chinese children and to
      compare the nutritional status of today with that of ten years ago, a second
      national cross-sectional growth survey was undertaken in the same urban and
      suburban rural areas of nine main cities in China in 1985 as in 1975. In this
      survey 152,874 boys and girls from birth to age 7.0 years were measured for
      weight, height, sitting height, and chest, head and upper arm circumferences.
      Compared with the results in 1975, the condition of growth and development of
      children for both boys and girls from urban or suburban rural areas has been
      relatively much improved. Average weight and height had increased in the past 10
      years by 0.40 kg and 1.8 cm respectively, in 6-7-year-old children. The greater
      part of the increase in height has been due to increase in leg length. The urban
      rural difference in stature has become smaller, as the increase has been greater
      in rural areas. The data from this survey can be used as a new growth standard
      for Chinese children.

PMID- 3408236
TI  - Estimation of calendar age from the emergence times of permanent teeth in Punjabi
      children in Chandigarh, India.
AB  - Gingival emergence data for permanent teeth, obtained from an earlier cross
      sectional study of 1137 Punjabi schoolchildren aged 6-14 years in Chandigarh,
      India, have been used to calculate the median age and the 10th-90th percentile
      range of age, for a given number of teeth present. From about 5 years (when the
      first tooth, on average, emerges) up to the time of emergence of second molars
      (around 14 years), the total number of permanent teeth emerged can be used to
      estimate the age of a child, with an error of about 13-34% of the median age for
      males and about 11-35% for females.

PMID- 3408237
TI  - Complications of long-term anticoagulation.
AB  - We used life-table techniques to determine risks of morbidity and mortality
      associated with long-term warfarin treatment in an anticoagulation clinic.
      Cumulative risks for life-threatening complications and warfarin-related death
      among all patients were 1% at 6 months, 5% at 1 year, and 7% at 2 and 3 years.
      Cox regression analysis using age as a continuous variable failed to show an
      effect of age on cumulative risks of complication. The occurrence of a minor
      complication during the course of therapy did not place patients at higher risk
      for developing a major complication that would prompt discontinuation of therapy
      or cause death. There was no statistically significant difference between the
      cumulative risks of patients anticoagulated for cerebrovascular disease and the
      cumulative risks of patients anticoagulated for other indications.

PMID- 3408238
TI  - Prospective intellectual testing in children with brain tumors.
AB  - Sixteen children with brain tumors received prospective intellectual evaluations
      with a follow-up of 2 to 5 years. All patients were treated with surgery and
      radiation and 5 received chemotherapy. Most of the children remained within the
      normal range of intelligence, but intelligence quotient (IQ) scores declined over
      time. Learning disabilities were present in 15 of 16 children after radiation,
      and 11 required special educational services. Risk factors associated with
      decline in IQ appear to be young age at time of radiation and adjuvant
      chemotherapy.

PMID- 3408239
TI  - Effects of anterior temporal lobectomy on language function: a controlled study.
AB  - This study represents the first prospective controlled investigation of
      preoperative versus postoperative (6 months) language function in patients who
      underwent partial resection of the dominant (n = 15) or nondominant (n = 14)
      anterior temporal lobe for treatment of medically refractory epilepsy. Language
      dominance was confirmed by intracarotid sodium amytal test. Thirteen of the 15
      patients undergoing anterior temporal lobectomy of the dominant hemisphere were
      operated on under local anesthesia in order to map language and memory functions
      intraoperatively. Using a standardized language/aphasia battery, we found a
      significant trend of worse preoperative language function in patients with
      dominant hemisphere temporal lobe foci in comparison to patients with nondominant
      foci. Following anterior temporal lobectomy, neither group showed any significant
      losses in language function, whereas the dominant hemisphere temporal lobe group
      showed significant improvement in receptive language comprehension and
      associative verbal fluency.

PMID- 3408241
TI  - Influence of neuronal location on antigenic properties of neurofibrillary
      tangles.
AB  - We quantitatively assessed the antigenic properties of the neurofibrillary
      tangles (NFT) located in neurons of the tegmental nuclei of the pontine raphe in
      progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). These
      properties were then compared with those of NFT of AD located in hippocampal
      neurons. Antibodies known to react with cortical NFT of AD were used to stain
      sections from PSP, AD, and control cases. The reaction with the straight
      filaments of NFT of PSP and with the paired helical filaments of pontine NFT of
      AD was ascertained by immunoelectron microscopy. The results show that, despite
      the ultrastructural difference, straight filaments in NFT of PSP and paired
      helical filaments in NFT of AD share antigenic properties when they are located
      in the same neuronal population. In contrast, paired helical filaments located in
      the cerebral cortex are antigenically different from those in pontine nuclei.
      Location, more than structure, may play a role as determinant of antigenic
      properties in straight filaments of PSP and paired helical filaments of AD.

PMID- 3408240
TI  - Duodenal and gastric delivery of levodopa in parkinsonism.
AB  - To clarify the influence of gastric emptying on levodopa-related motor
      fluctuations in Parkinson's disease, we assessed mobility and plasma levodopa
      concentrations in 10 patients during five modes of levodopa administration: (1)
      standard intermittent oral (SIO), (2) intermittent duodenal (ID), (3) continuous
      duodenal infusion (CDI), (4) continuous gastric infusion (CGI), and (5)
      controlled-release Sinemet (CR-4). The rank order from greatest to least for both
      percentage of time "on" and average mobility score was CDI, CGI, ID, CR-4, and
      SIO. The rank order for variance of means, a measure of fluctuation, from least
      to greatest for mobility was CDI, CGI, CR-4, ID, SIO, and for plasma levodopa
      concentrations was CDI, CGI, ID, SIO, and CR-4. The results demonstrate that it
      is possible to produce very steady plasma concentrations of levodopa with a
      corresponding reduction in motor fluctuations by continuous intraduodenal
      administration of the drug. This mode of delivery is an ideal model for the
      development of optimal continuous-release preparations of levodopa. Other enteral
      routes have produced a more variable plasma levodopa concentration and clinical
      response.

PMID- 3408242
TI  - Toluene abuse causes diffuse central nervous system white matter changes.
AB  - We describe the findings of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain in 6
      chronic toluene vapor abusers and the neuropathological findings in 1 abuser not
      studied by MRI. MRI in 6 chronic toluene abusers revealed the following
      abnormalities: (1) diffuse cerebral, cerebellar, and brainstem atrophy; (2) loss
      of differentiation between the gray and white matter throughout the central
      nervous system; and (3) increased periventricular white matter signal intensity
      on T2-weighted images. Another chronic toluene abuser (MRI not performed) died as
      a result of acute toluene overdose. The brain displayed diffuse, ill-defined
      myelin pallor, maximal in cerebellar, periventricular, and deep cerebral white
      matter. Neurons were preserved throughout, axonal swelling or beading was not
      seen, gliosis was minimal, and occasional, scant perivascular macrophage
      collections were seen. Taken in concert, these findings suggest that the
      pathological and MRI abnormalities are due to either increased water content of
      the white matter or subtle toluene-induced metabolic changes in myelin.

PMID- 3408243
TI  - Stroke associated with obstructive sleep apnea in a child with sickle cell
      anemia.
AB  - We describe a child with sickle cell anemia and multiple ischemic infarctions who
      was found to have severe obstructive sleep apnea and hypoxemia, secondary to
      adenotonsillar enlargement. The apnea-associated hypoxemia likely contributed to
      the development of the strokes in this child. Moreover, because stroke in
      patients with sickle cell anemia, and maximal tonsillar enlargement (the most
      common cause of obstructive apnea in children) both have peak incidence at the
      same age (6-7 years), obstructive sleep apnea may be an important factor in the
      development of stroke in other children with sickle cell anemia.

PMID- 3408245
TI  - Guillain-Barre syndrome following typhoid fever/letter.

PMID- 3408244
TI  - Neurofibrillary tangle formation in the nucleus basalis of Meynert ipsilateral to
      a massive cerebral infarct.
AB  - Two cases of massive cerebral infarct in the territory of the middle cerebral
      artery on one side of the brain are presented, in which many (Patient 1) or
      several (Patient 2) neurofibrillary tangle-bearing neurons were observed in the
      nucleus basalis of Meynert (nbM), ipsilateral to the infarcts. Tangles were
      absent or rare in the opposite nbM or in other areas of the brain. Considering
      the widespread projection of nbM axons to the ipsilateral cerebral cortex, this
      suggests that formation of neurofibrillary tangles can occur as a retrograde
      reaction in nbM neurons secondary to massive, old cerebral infarction.

PMID- 3408246
TI  - Metabolic advantage of neuronal coupling of regional brain activity and blood
      flow.

PMID- 3408247
TI  - [Comparative studies of the population structure of a Kurd village population in
      Southeast Turkey. I. Morphologic regional comparison].
AB  - The paper is dealing with an anthropological investigation of a Kurdish village
      population from southern Turkey. We especially attached importance on the
      complete registration of all inhabitants to get a reliable sample for regional
      comparison of morphological features. Anthropological data of other Kurdish
      population groups are used for univariate and multivariate analysis. The
      resulting clusters are discussed beside the question of representation under the
      standpoint of regional and cultural origin of the samples.

PMID- 3408248
TI  - [Comparative studies of the population structure of a Kurd village population of
      Southeast Turkey. II. Morphologic differentiation within the population].
AB  - A small scale village society from southern Turkey has been investigated by
      demographic, social and anthropological criteria. An internal differentiation of
      the population on the basis of demographic and social data could be verified for
      morphological features, too. This is shown clearly by a differentiation of the
      population into two family complexes. The consequences for the interpretation of
      metrical random sample surveys in typological investigations are discussed.

PMID- 3408249
TI  - Anthropological studies in Assam, India. 6. Differentiation processes among
      Assamese populations.
AB  - In 1978-79 13 Assamese populations--two Muslim groups, five Mongoloid groups and
      6 Hindu caste groups--have been investigated for the distribution of
      anthropometric, anthroposcopic and dermatoglyphic traits as well as for the
      distribution of ABO blood groups and PTC taste sensitivity. Except for finger
      ridge patterns all traits under investigation showed a marked intergroup
      variability. For anthropometric, anthroposcopic and dermatoglyphic traits a clear
      differentiation in Mongoloid populations on one hand and Hindu caste groups on
      the other could be observed and be substantiated by results of corresponding
      distance analyses. With regard to Muslims it has to be distinguished between
      Marias who seem to be more closely related to Mongoloid populations and Sheikhs
      whose phenotypic appearance is more like that of the Hindu caste groups. The
      results are discussed.

PMID- 3408250
TI  - [The voice as an anthropologic marker system, its constitutional correlates and
      characteristics].
AB  - The nonverbal component of human speech contains some information about the
      speaker himself, which for example enables listeners to recognize speakers from
      their voice. Here it was examined to what extent the speaker's body size and
      shape are betrayed in his speech signal and thus can be recognized by listeners.
      Contrary to earlier constitutional studies only size and not shape correlates
      with acoustical parameters of speech; comparing listening experiments with
      acoustical analysis gives some evidence that the average sound spectrum is used
      by listeners for judging speaker's body size.

PMID- 3408251
TI  - [Prognostic factors in lung cancer].
AB  - For 1,886 cases, out of total 1,982 lung cancer cases, which had been admitted to
      and undergone resection at National Cancer Center Hospital during the period
      between May, 1962 and December, 1987, excluding cases of multiple primaries and
      low grade malignancies, prognostic factors have been reviewed and examined.
      Prognosis does not depend on only one factor, but many complicated factors,
      however, 5 year survival rate was very good for stage I and stage II cases, for
      which curative resection could have been performed. There have been difference
      histologically in prognoses between cases of squamous cell carcinoma,
      adenocarcinoma, large cell carcinoma and small cell carcinoma, but prognoses of
      stage I and II cases were good in the group, for which curative resection was
      possible. Prognostic factors of lung cancer cases can be epitomized by staging of
      the disease and histological type and it is evident from the review on these
      cases that early detection, early treatment and indication of curative resection
      should be pursued as much as possible.

PMID- 3408252
TI  - [Prognostic factors in gastric cancer].
AB  - A total of 5,480 cases of gastric cancer was subjected to the analysis of main
      prognostic factors in gastric cancer. The uppermost factor which affected the
      prognosis of gastric cancer patients was the curability of surgery. Five year
      survival rates were 72.7% for the absolute curative cases, 33.6% for relative
      curative cases, and 13.8% for relative non-curative cases. None of the patients,
      who had absolute non-curative surgery, survived more than five years. Curability
      of surgery depended on the extent of cancer spread such as liver metastasis,
      peritoneal dissemination, remote lymphatic spread and continuous infiltration of
      adjacent organs. Gross and histological tumor types were important for the
      destination of cancer spread: localized, and well differentiated types tended to
      hematogenous metastasis. Infiltrating, and undifferentiated typestended to
      peritoneal dissemination.

PMID- 3408254
TI  - [Prognostic factors in colorectal cancer].
AB  - Factors which influence survival in patients with colorectal cancers were
      analyzed. From the anatomical and clinical points of view, large bowel cancer
      should be evaluated separately as colon and rectal cancer. The factors were
      stages of the disease, depth of tumor infiltration, morphological type of tumor
      appearance, histological type of tumor, venous invasion of cancer cell, lymphatic
      invasion of cancer cells, lymphnode metastasis, degree of tumor resection,
      distant metastasis and dissemination in abdominal cavity.

PMID- 3408253
TI  - [Prognostic factors affecting survival of advanced gastric cancer patients on
      cancer chemotherapy].
AB  - Diverse factors which affect survival of advanced gastric cancer patients after
      the initiation of chemotherapy were investigated for 487 cases hospitalized in
      our department from 1963 to 1984 using Cutler & Ederer's Life Table Analysis
      Method. The patients from 1978 to 1984 survived longer than those from 1963 to
      1972 and from 1973 to 1977. The survival was prolonged significantly in the cases
      with localized tumors, histology of well- or moderately-differentiated carcinomas
      and better performance status (PS), and in the cases receiving combined
      chemotherapy with BRM or in those responsive to cancer chemotherapy. The patients
      receiving the regimen with fluoropyrimidines, anthracyclines or BRM survived
      longer than those without these drugs. The survival rate, with the passage of
      years stated above, tended to improve even in cases with unfavorable prognostic
      factors such as un-resectable primary lesion, over 60 years of age, extensive
      tumors or PS3 and PS4. The similar change in survival rate was observed in the
      cases with chemotherapy + BRM treatment, in those receiving fluoropyrimidines,
      and MMC or other alkylating agents. The favorable prognostic factors detected in
      our studies were similar to the ones found in the past reports. Even in the cases
      with unfavorable prognostic factors the improvement in survival rate was made
      with the passage of years. We are encouraged by the results obtained, which
      suggest the progress of cancer chemotherapy.

PMID- 3408255
TI  - [Prognostic factors in gynecologic cancer].
AB  - Prognostic factors of uterine cervical cancer, endometrial cancer and ovarian
      cancer were discussed. Among various prognostic factors, clinical stage had the
      most meaningful label. The prognosis for adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix is
      poorer than for epidermoid carcinoma. In endometrial cancer, poorly
      differentiated adenocarcinoma showed a worse prognosis than well-differentiated
      adenocarcinoma. One of the most vexing problems in ovarian cancer is that, at the
      time when a diagnosis of ovarian cancer is made, about 60% of these cases have
      already spread intraperitoneally and remain no longer suitable for complete
      resection.

PMID- 3408256
TI  - [Prognostic factors in genitourinary cancer].
AB  - Prognostic factors in genitourinary cancers, renal cell carcinoma, bladder
      cancer, prostatic cancer, and testicular tumor, were discussed from several
      aspects on the basis of the analysis of own cases and reviews of literatures. The
      anatomical distribution of disease, particularly beyond the kidney, and degree of
      tumor differentiation were mostly related to prognosis in renal cell carcinoma.
      In bladder cancer, macroscopic growth pattern, histopathological intramural mode
      of spread, lymphatic and venous invasion, played an important role in prognosis,
      as do tumor grade and stage including metastasis. Hormone dependency and tumor
      markers were reconfirmed to be important and complementary as prognostic
      indicators as well as stage and grade in prostatic cancer. In testicular tumors,
      the most important factors for survival were extent of disease and tumor size,
      and histological cell type and determination of tumor markers, AFP and HCG, were
      also important and complementary as prognostic indicators.

PMID- 3408257
TI  - A "changing mole" is not the best clue to clinical detection of an "early"
      malignant melanoma.

PMID- 3408258
TI  - Normal sensitivity to mutagens, spontaneous chromosome breakage, and mutation
      frequency in nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome.
AB  - Genetic instability in nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS) was
      investigated by measuring in lymphocytes obtained from four patients the level of
      UV-induced DNA repair synthesis, the DNA replication rate after treatment with
      different mutagens (UV light, mono- and bifunctional alkylating agents), the
      baseline mutation frequency, and the spontaneous chromosome breakage. All the
      parameters analyzed showed normal values; only the response to mitogens in NBCCS
      lymphocytes was delayed in comparison to that in normal donors. Our findings
      indicate that chromosomal instability and cellular UV hypersensitivity described
      in some NBCCS patients are not distinctive and constant features of NBCCS.

PMID- 3408259
TI  - Familial leiomyomatosis cutis et uteri (Reed's syndrome).
AB  - We report a large family with leiomyomatosis cutis et uteri. Sixty-four percent
      of the females were involved; 18% had only uterine myomas, 10% had only cutaneous
      piloleiomyomas, and 36% had both. Five patients (45%) had to have an hysterectomy
      before age 35. Management of female patients having leiomyomatosis cutis should
      include a periodical gynecological examination in order to rule out the presence
      of uterine myomas.

PMID- 3408261
TI  - Wound healing in the sex skin of pig-tailed macaques.
AB  - We studied wound healing in methacrylate- and araldite-embedded sex skin, a
      unique tissue that embodies the properties of friction surface and hairy skin.
      The largely light-microscopic observations were supplemented with transmission
      electron microscopy. The time of epidermal bridging was directly dependent on how
      closely apposed were the wound margins. Repair in the dermis always occurred more
      rapidly in the upper and in the lower parts of the wound gap than in the middle.
      Early in healing, the original epidermis cut off a wedge of skin in the upper
      wound margin (precocious remodeling) and cast it off at the margin of the clot.
      Remodeling (collagen resorption) inside the wound gap is accomplished primarily
      by fibroclasts. All mast cells in the vicinity of the wound attain fatty
      vacuoles. Adipose tissue near the wound undergoes lipolysis: the adipocytes
      gradually become smaller and their cytoplasm reticulated as small fat vesicles
      are extruded in the interstitium; fibroblasts, macrophages, polymorphonuclear
      leukocytes (PMNs) and mast cells readily phagocytose the fat vesicles. Elastic
      fibers do not participate in wound healing. There was no evidence of elastic
      fiber formation in granulation tissue.

PMID- 3408260
TI  - Lichen planus, chronic liver diseases, and immunologic involvement.
AB  - We report the clinical features of 62 consecutive patients with lichen planus
      observed in 18 months. The largest number of cases occurred between 50 and 70
      years of age. Thirty-four patients had lichen planus only. In the remainder,
      lichen planus was associated with chronic liver diseases (16 cases), immune
      related disorders (7 cases), and diabetes (5 cases). Mucous-erosive lichen planus
      was significantly more frequent in cases with lichen planus and other diseases.
      In all patients with liver diseases the histological features always showed a
      severe liver involvement. No relationship was observed between lichen planus and
      the etiology of the liver diseases. Females were more affected by immune-related
      disorders than males. The above data, together with the increased levels found of
      IgA, auto-antibodies, and cryoglobulins, even in cases with lichen planus only,
      suggest that lichen planus results from an immune imbalance, often associated
      with systemic involvement.

PMID- 3408262
TI  - Prediction of benzoyl peroxide phototoxicity by photoepidermotests after repeated
      applications. Preventive value of a UVB filter.
AB  - The predictive phototoxicity test known as photoepidermotest consists of twice
      daily applications of the product tested for 16 days, followed by total spectrum
      irradiation with a 2,500-W Xenon lamp in infraerythema and supraerythema doses.
      Phototoxicity is revealed by an erythema with the infraerythema dose and/or by
      accentuation of the erythema provoked by the supraerythema dose when compared
      with the "irradiation only" (i.e., no product) control skin area. This technique,
      used in a controlled, double-blind trial, showed that a 10% benzoyl peroxide
      (BPO) gel was phototoxic in eight out of 18 subjects tested (44%). It also showed
      that adding a UVB filter (phenylbenzimidazole sulfonic acid 1%) to the BPO
      preparation was effective in preventing phototoxic reactions in seven of these
      eight subjects.

PMID- 3408263
TI  - Ultrastructural study of tissue reaction of mice against Sporothrix schenckii
      infection.
AB  - In the present study, in order to clarify the defense mechanisms against S.
      schenckii infections, we examined the tissue reactions of mice against the
      pathogen over a period of time by both light and electron microscopy. The
      histological features were, at an early stage, a mixed cell granuloma consisting
      of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and macrophages, and, later on,
      enlargement and vacuolation of the macrophages at the periphery. In electron
      microscopy, blastospores had been phagocytized by the PMNs and macrophages, and
      no extracellular blastospores were seen. PMNs taking up blastospores were
      phagocytized by other PMNs or by macrophages. After 3 or 4 months, the phagosomes
      of the macrophages had grown in size, and contained a number of blastospores.
      During the experiment, the ultrastructure of the blastospores was well preserved,
      and their viability was considered high. Of the defense mechanisms against S.
      schenckii infection, PMN phagocytosis is of great importance, but the fact that
      proliferation of this organism was observed within the macrophages, suggested
      that the macrophages were not able to destroy the organisms, but rather were
      responsible for the disease becoming chronic.

PMID- 3408264
TI  - Artificially induced metamorphosis acetone in Acris gryllus.

PMID- 3408265
TI  - Assessment of hepatic initiation-promotion properties of trichloroacetic acid.

PMID- 3408266
TI  - Combined use of biochemical indicators to assess sublethal pollution effects on
      the gulf killifish (Fundulus grandis).

PMID- 3408267
TI  - Effects of atrazine on freshwater microbial communities.

PMID- 3408268
TI  - Use of Microtox for assessing copper complexation with organic compounds.

PMID- 3408269
TI  - Assessing detoxification of a complex hazardous waste, using the Microtox
      bioassay.

PMID- 3408270
TI  - Effects of lead on growth and feeding behavior of young common terns (Sterna
      hirundo).

PMID- 3408271
TI  - Ecology of a southern Ohio stream receiving fly ash pond discharge: changes from
      acid mine drainage conditions.

PMID- 3408272
TI  - Lack of coagulation defects after the intraamniotic instillation of ethacridine
      (Rivanol) for second trimester abortion.
AB  - Second trimester abortion was induced by the intraamniotic infusion of
      ethacridine. Coagulation studies revealed no change in 10 cases. It is felt that
      the intraamniotic use of ethacridine is probably safe.

PMID- 3408274
TI  - Immunoreactive relaxin in human cervico-vaginal secretion.
AB  - Relaxin was measured in cervico-vaginal secretion of non-pregnant women of
      reproductive age using the heterologous radioimmuno-assay for porcine relaxin. It
      was detected in about three-quarters of the samples collected. The mean value of
      the 529 samplers tested was 599 pg/ml. There was a slight trend to higher relaxin
      values during the second week of the menstrual cycle.

PMID- 3408275
TI  - Ectopic pregnancy: a case-control study of aetiological risk factors.
AB  - Aetiological risk factors for ectopic pregnancies were evaluated in a prospective
      study of 86 consecutive patients with ectopic pregnancy and two age- and parity
      matched control groups of women in normal early pregnancy; those with planned
      pregnancy (65 pairs) and those having legal abortion (51 pairs). Compared with
      women with planned pregnancy, the patients with ectopic pregnancy more often had
      an IUD in situ, they had less frequently used hormonal contraception, and they
      had more legal abortions, curettages, previous ectopic pregnancies,
      gynaecological operations and salpingo-oophoritis. Compared with women having
      legal abortion, the patients with ectopic pregnancy had favoured IUD-usage, or
      they had been without any contraception, and they had an increased frequency of
      previous ectopic pregnancies. The frequency of fertility problems was also
      increased in patients with ectopic pregnancy. Our results show that
      gynaecological pelvic operations, endometrial curettage and evacuation,
      gynaecological infections, and usage of IUD are important risk factors for
      ectopic pregnancy, and that infertility seems to be a sign of this risk. In
      addition, the clinical characteristics of the patients with ectopic pregnancy
      were similar to those of the patients having legal abortion.

PMID- 3408276
TI  - Pregnancy following repair of a congenital atresia of the uterine cervix and
      upper vagina.
AB  - A case of congenital atresia of the uterine cervix combined with atresia of the
      upper vagina and without any other anomalies is reported. Direct anastomosis of
      cervix and vagina resulted in a restoration of reproductive function. The patient
      conceived 6 years afterward and delivered a healthy boy by cesarean section at 31
      weeks of gestation. Therapeutic reconstructing options for this kind of genital
      tract malformation with respect to reproductive function are discussed.

PMID- 3408277
TI  - [Lipoma of the corpus uteri. Apropos of a case].

PMID- 3408273
TI  - Polycystic ovarian disease: endocrinological parameters with specific reference
      to growth hormone and somatomedin-C.
AB  - Thirty-three women (22-38 years old) with polycystic ovarian disease (PCOD) were
      included in this study. The criteria for diagnosis were: an LH/FSH ratio greater
      than 2.0; polycystic ovaries, diagnosed by means of palpation and ultrasound;
      androgenism and menstrual cycle abnormalities. Using endocrine parameters, we
      attempted to define distinct forms of PCOD. The patients were placed in three
      groups according to serum levels of testosterone (T) and 17 alpha
      hydroxyprogesterone (17 alpha OHP) and the estrone/androstendione (E1/delta 4A)
      ratio. Patients in group I (n = 18) had an elevated T level (greater than 1.0
      ng/ml) and a 17 alpha OHP level under 4.0 ng/ml. This type of POCD was called the
      "androgen" type. Patients in group II (n = 7) had normal T- and 17 alpha OHP
      levels under 4.0 ng/ml and an elevated (E1/delta 4A) ratio. This type of PCOD was
      called the "estrogen" type. Group III (n = 8) comprised patients with 17 alpha
      OHP levels over 4.0 ng/ml. This type of PCOD was called the "adrenocortical"
      type. In two patients of this group, a modified ACTH test revealed late-onset
      congenital hyperplasia. The endocrine parameters of the patients with PCOD were
      compared with those of 17 adult without signs of PCOD. Statistical evaluation was
      done by variance analysis. Women with acromegaly often show signs of androgenism
      as well as menstrual cycle abnormalities. This may indicate an association
      between the growth factors human growth hormone (HGH) and somatomedin-C (Sm-C)
      and the biosynthese and metabolism of steroid hormone. Recent experiments have
      demonstrated such associations. Our study showed an association between the HGH
      and Sm-C levels and abnormal steroid hormone concentrations in women with
      androgen type PCOD (group I). These patients had a significantly decreased HGH
      level, a significantly decreased HGH/Sm-C ratio, and an increased average Sm-C
      level. These data suggest that elevated Sm-C levels can, by a negative-feedback
      mechanism, inhibit pituitary HGH production. We discuss the possible mechanisms
      causing elevation of plasma Sm-C, HGH, steroid hormones, excessive food intake,
      and possibly prolactin seem responsible for the clinical manifestation of
      increased Sm-C production in adolescence and for its level in the fertile years
      of patients.

PMID- 3408278
TI  - [Superficial cancers of the stomach. Apropos of series of 40 cases].

PMID- 3408279
TI  - [Persistent digestive fistulae: an uncommon form of thesaurismosis caused by
      polyvinylpyrrolidone].

PMID- 3408280
TI  - [Morphological changes in the lacrimal gland during aging].

PMID- 3408281
TI  - Autofluorescence of the ischemic skeletal muscle.

PMID- 3408282
TI  - [Flow cytometry in the diagnosis and prognosis of breast cancers].

PMID- 3408283
TI  - [Cryptococcosis, cirrhosis and hepatocarcinoma in an alcoholic].

PMID- 3408284
TI  - Traumatic dislocation of the trapezio-metacarpal joint.
AB  - Fifteen cases of trapezio-metacarpal dislocations are reported. The authors
      recommend a surgical procedure which, alone, allows a reduction and a
      stabilisation in the right place of this joint. This stabilisation is ensured by
      a dorsal ligament reconstruction, which allows an elastic stability of the first
      metacarpal. An anatomical study proved the worth of the dorsal ligamentous
      apparatus, the lesion of which enables the dorso-radial dislocation of the first
      metacarpal. These lesions were found as much in the course of cadavers
      experimentation as in the course of clinical experience. The follow-up of the
      authors cases confirms the value of the surgical procedure and the superiority of
      their technique as opposed to others ligamentous reconstructions. This dorsal
      approach, easy to perform, ensures in a trice the "resting position" of the thumb
      and the articular congruity. At last, it protects a good stability without
      perturbing the normal laxity of this joint.

PMID- 3408285
TI  - Opponensplasty through translocation of the flexor pollicis longus. Technique and
      indications.
AB  - Eleven cases of opponensplasty by translocation of the flexor pollicis longus are
      reported. Some technical points ought to be outlined: this translocation is
      mostly performed through a fused IP joint; the level of the reflection of the
      translocated tendon should necessarily be the neck of the first metacarpal bone.
      Nine cases were reviewed with eight very good results. There are very few
      indications for this technique: total palsy of thenar muscles with stiff IP
      flexion deformity of the thumb, whenever a fusion is indicated. Particular cases
      of high-level palsy of the upper limb, when no other transfer can possibly be
      used.

PMID- 3408286
TI  - Fractures of the proximal end of the radius associated with other traumatic
      lesions of the upper limb. A report of seventy-three cases.
AB  - Closed isolated fractures of the radial head should be considered and managed in
      a different way from those associated with other traumatic lesions of the upper
      extremity. The recommended treatment for the radial head is early motion, with or
      without internal fixation or arthroplasty. For this to be achieved, surgical
      fixation of most of the associated fractures, and surgical repair of serious
      damage to capsular and ligamentous structures, should be performed. Indications
      are proposed, according to the results of a series of 73 cases which are compared
      with our series of 168 observations on isolated radial head fractures.

PMID- 3408287
TI  - Thoraco-cervico-brachial confined spaces an anatomic study.
AB  - A description is made on narrow spaces through which the brachial plexus and
      subclavian-axillary vessels run from the cervical spine up to the inferior border
      of the pectoralis major muscle. The spaces are: "Pleural suspensory Apparatus",
      interscalene spaces (vascular and neural), costo-clavicular, clavi-pectoral,
      retro-pectoralis minor, pre-humeral head, median nerve roots compass, pre-scalene
      space. Compressions with or without cervical rib, static or dynamic, are also
      described. Downward migration of shoulder girdle and muscle variations are
      analyzed. Forced positions which may produce compressions are also considered
      (downward pull, abduction + retraction, hyperabduction).

PMID- 3408289
TI  - [Infection of the tendon sheath following an open epiphyseal fracture. Apropos of
      a case].
AB  - Injuries of the distal phalanx of the digits in children may lead to various
      lesions. The association of avulsion of the nail with an epiphyseal separation is
      not uncommon. This is in fact an open fracture, with the risk of infection of the
      flexor digitorum tendon sheath. The authors report such an observation and
      discuss the mechanism and treatment.

PMID- 3408288
TI  - [Nerves of the external brachial flap. An anatomical study].
AB  - The lateral arm flap is located on the lower lateral portion of the arm. The
      blood supply is via the profunda brachii artery. The flap is based on the lateral
      intermuscular septum of the arm, the septum being always taken with the flap; the
      flap can be composite and include the anterior skin of the arm or a segment of
      humerus, or the nerve of passage, which can be used as a vascularized nerve
      graft. The lateral arm flap has an important relation with three nerves: the
      radial nerve, which should always be preserved, the posterior cutaneous nerve of
      the arm, which can give a sensory innervation for the flap, and the posterior
      cutaneous nerve of the forearm, which can be used as a vascularized nerve graft.
      The authors recount the anatomic variations of the artery of the flap and
      describe the variations of the posterior cutaneous nerve of the arm and the
      forearm. The knowledge of the relation between these nerves is very important,
      when one wants to use one of the nerves for sensory innervation of the flap and
      the other as a vascularized nerve graft. The practical application of this
      principle is illustrated by the example of one clinical case.

PMID- 3408290
TI  - Hypoplasia of bilateral humeral trochlea associated with unilateral ulnar nerve
      neuritis. A case report.
AB  - On this paper the authors document a case of unilateral ulnar neuropathy that
      developed in a 56-year-old Japanese man who had bilateral hypoplasia of humeral
      trochlea and severe degenerative changes in the both elbow joints. The patient is
      the oldest in the reported cases. Pathomechanism of the nerve paresis in this
      peculiar condition is discussed.

PMID- 3408291
TI  - [Littler's operation (SORL = spiral oblique retinacular ligament) in the
      treatment of "swan neck"].
AB  - The surgical treatment of "swan-neck" deformities secondary to mallet finger
      using Littler's technique (Spiral Oblique Retinacular Ligament) in a series of 35
      cases, led to a complete correction of the PIP joint hyperextension in 95% of the
      cases and a correction of the DIP joint flexure in 70% of the cases. This active
      tenodesis restores the physiology of the extension of the PIP and DIP joints as
      far as the surgical technique has been strictly respected.

PMID- 3408292
TI  - [Maggot-induced postmortem changes simulating gunshot wounds].
AB  - In the warm season, human cadavers often are the breeding ground of fly larvae.
      In special conditions, the damage by maggots can take on the appearance of bullet
      holes. Preexisting injuries allow the maggots to penetrate the skin also in parts
      other than the body apertures commonly infested. Round tissue damage similar to
      gunshot-wounds are favored by the fact that the larvae of some types of flies
      bundle together to form feeding communities. The enzymes from the salivary glands
      of the fly larvae may in some rare instances even lead to perforation of bone
      lamellae (e.g. in the region of the orbital roofs). The case reports deal with 2
      cases in which changes due to damage by maggots primarily gave the impression of
      gunshot-wounds.

PMID- 3408293
TI  - [Death caused by the intravenous injection of an opium extract].

PMID- 3408294
TI  - [ABO determination of chewing gum residues].
AB  - Tracing for ABH-Antigens on Chewing Gum 14 different chewing gum-brands were
      examined for their quality as trace carriers. Our examinations of freshly chewed
      gums resulted in distinction of ABH-antigens without greater difficulties by
      using absorption/elution and absorption/inhibition techniques. A simple method
      was developed to pulverize chewing gum for elution of the antigens.

PMID- 3408295
TI  - [Trial elution of semen stains and measurement of IgG level: a contribution to Gm
      typing].
AB  - The conditions for the elution of IgG in seminal stains have been investigated
      systematically. The amount of IgG recovered could neither or hardly be influenced
      by variation of the time (15 minutes to 120 hours) and temperature (4 degrees C,
      20 degrees C, 37 degrees C, 56 degrees C) of elution, nor by mechanical treatment
      (cutting in small pieces, crushing), ultrasonic treatment or addition of a
      detergent. For fresh traces and such of an age of several weeks an elution time
      of 30 minutes at room temperature is sufficient; for very old stains an elution
      up to 2 hours may be recommended for safety. The investigations were restricted
      to the measurement of the IgG concentration in the eluates. No statement can yet
      be given about the biological value of the IgG for Gm typing due to this
      investigation alone.

PMID- 3408296
TI  - [Homicide with special reference to alcoholic intoxication and relation to time
      of day].
AB  - 112 cases of homicide (around 4%) are presented from material of approximately
      3000 psychiatric expert-opinions for criminal proceedings. The data of 107
      committers were usable and could be evaluated statistically. 63% of the homicides
      were executed, 37% were attempted. 14% of the committers were considered to be
      psychopaths. The circumstances surrounding the crimes were further subdivided in
      imitation of Rasch and especially tested for daytime linkage. 53% of the males
      but only a very small percentage of the female committers were alcoholized.
      Neither alcoholization nor personality had influence upon the success of the
      crime. For most of the psychotic committers the attempt failed to succeed. There
      was a tendency that some of the assaults were performed during night-time. This
      was more pronounced in alcoholized than in sober committers. No linkage to the
      night hours could be found neither for criminal actions of psychotics or child
      murder, nor for murder or robbery. In conclusion we assume that certain forms of
      human aggression underlie a diurnal rhythm.

PMID- 3408297
TI  - [Current research on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis].

PMID- 3408298
TI  - [Effects of lesions of the nucleus accumbens in rats on body weight and food
      intake].

PMID- 3408299
TI  - [Calcified prolactinoma. Histological, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical
      study].

PMID- 3408300
TI  - [Antagonistic effect of naloxone in high doses on the biphasic action of ethanol
      on motor activity in the rat].

PMID- 3408301
TI  - [Experimental hydrocephalus. Morphological and ultrastructural study of Kolmer
      cells].

PMID- 3408302
TI  - [Diagnostic aspects of practical and forensic psychiatry].

PMID- 3408304
TI  - [Non-assistance of a child in danger. The responsibility of pediatricians].

PMID- 3408303
TI  - [Factitious disorders and the general hospital].

PMID- 3408305
TI  - [Atresia of the esophagus. Study of a cluster observed in 1984 in the Rhone-Alpes
      region].
AB  - The Rhone-Alpes Auvergne Register allows the monitoring of malformations, in 2
      French regions. This monitoring led to the discovery of a cluster of cases of
      esophageal atresia of the isolated type during the year 1984. Analysis of this
      cluster showed that it was mainly due to a concentration of cases (7 observed vs
      1.78 expected) born in the Ain department, 4 of them being born during the first
      trimester. Analysis of the cluster was followed by an individual questioning of
      families. It concerned essentially the environmental conditions of the onset of
      pregnancy and did not allow to set the hypothesis of a possible risk factor. The
      authors conclude that either the cluster should be attributed to chance, or the
      used questionnaire, even if directed towards all directions and seeming quite
      complete, was not sufficient to allow bringing out an hypothesis.

PMID- 3408306
TI  - [Esophageal pH-monitoring in asymptomatic and symptomatic newborn infants].
AB  - The supine distal esophageal pH was recorded over 24 hours, in low birth weight
      infants. Forty-seven of them were asymptomatic (group T) and 93 presented with
      digestive symptoms (regurgitations and/or vomiting) associated (group DA; n = 49)
      or not (group D; n = 44) with a history of apneas, bradycardias, cyanosis or
      pallor fits. On the recording day, post-natal ages (weeks), conceptional ages
      (weeks) and weights (g) were not different among the 3 groups (T: 4.8 +/- 2.6;
      40.1 +/- 2; 2,590 +/- 210. DA: 4.7 +/- 3.3; 40 +/- 3.3; 2,980 +/- 640. D: 4.7 +/-
      2.8; 41.1 +/- 3.3; 2,710 +/- 620). In the 3 groups all the features of the acid
      and highly acid gastroesophageal refluxes (GER) were significantly more marked in
      late post-prandial stages (LPPS) than in early post-prandial stages (EPPS) (p
      less than 0.001). Slightly acid GER were more frequent in LPPS than in EPPS for
      groups T and DA (p less than 0.01). No significant difference could be found when
      comparing group T with groups D, DA and with a sample of 21 infants presenting
      with vomiting.

PMID- 3408307
TI  - [Efficacy of the "8 drugs in a day" protocol in brain tumors in children].
AB  - In the present study, the "8 drugs in 1 day" regimen was tested in 54 children:
      27 relapses (brain and/or spinal and/or meningeal sites), 10 refractory
      progressive diseases, 13 macroscopic residual tumors after partial excision
      and/or radiotherapy; in 4 cases, this regimen was prescribed as first line
      treatment. The response rate (complete and partial remission) was 46%. Results
      were very encouraging in medalloblastomas with a response rate of 76.5% whereas
      in brain stem gliomas it was only 23% and 33% in other astrocytomas. Immediate
      toxicity, mainly hematological, was very moderate. These results justify to
      propose this regimen as adjuvant chemotherapy, mostly in medulloblastomas and to
      plan other similar trials, using the most active drugs which seem presently to be
      alkylating and platinum-derived agents.

PMID- 3408308
TI  - [Mucormycosis and diabetes in acute leukemia].
AB  - The authors report the case of 5 1/2 year-old boy with insulin-dependent diabetes
      mellitus revealed during the induction therapy of an acute leukemia of the mixed
      type, and who presented with an unusual type of pulmonary fungal infection:
      mucormycosis. It had a favourable outcome with surgical excision preceded and
      followed by amphotericin B treatment.

PMID- 3408310
TI  - [Diabetes in children in 1987].

PMID- 3408309
TI  - [Action-research on the prevention of abuse in the very young child. Methodology
      and initial results].
AB  - Teams of pediatricians and psychiatrists are leading a joint action-research in
      public health which intends to develop and evaluate original modes of prevention
      of abuse and grave neglect concerning infants with medico-psychosocial high risk
      factors. The framework of this study is a randomized controlled trial on the
      modes of prevention. The sample, consisting of infants under one year of age and
      selected from their health certificate of the 8th day and 9th month, is divided
      into two groups: the treated group who benefited from specific preventive
      interventions and the control group who benefited from classic surveillance. The
      research was longitudinal and was centered on the study of mother-infant
      interactions at 3 months, 1 year, 2 years and 3 years of age. The dynamics in the
      action-research is illustrated by the evolution of the tool for assessment of
      early interactions and the refocusing of the research. From the analysis of the
      data from the phase of feasibleness, which included 114 infants, three main
      results have come out: definition of a "danger" pointer: dysharmonious mother
      infant interactions at 3 months; a new risk factor was brought to light:
      "disrupted grand-parental family"; father's role in mother-infant interactions.
      These first results have had a major impact on the method for the active phase
      which is now in progress and intends to evaluate the new modes of prevention.

PMID- 3408312
TI  - Neurovascular complications in supracondylar humeral fractures in children.
AB  - In a retrospective study, 18 patients with neurovascular complications of
      supracondylar humeral fractures are presented. Adequate diagnosis, therapeutic
      procedures, and prognosis are discussed, together with a review of literature.

PMID- 3408311
TI  - Failure of the stem in total hip replacement. A study of aetiology and mechanism
      of failure in 13 cases.
AB  - Thirteen failed stem of Total Hip Replacement were studied: 9 were Charnley THR
      from an homogeneous series, which gives an incidence of 2.4% of stem fractures
      with a follow-up of 9-16 years; 4 were Mueller THR. Fatigue fracture of the stem
      occurred by defective support of the proximal part of the femur, following
      resorption of the calcar. In all cases reactive tissue to foreign body particles,
      metal and polyethylene, was found where bone resorption occurred. In Mueller THR
      wear of the cup produced the large amount of polyethylene particles; in Charnley
      THR metal particles prevailed and corrosion of the stem is suggested to be the
      initiating factor.

PMID- 3408313
TI  - Fractures of the lateral humeral condyle in children: late results.
AB  - A long-term follow-up study of 38 fractures of the lateral humeral condyle was
      done to evaluate the special problems related to growth disturbances. Indications
      for operative treatment and clinical as well as radiographic results are
      discussed.

PMID- 3408314
TI  - Persistent hemarthrosis of the shoulder joint with a rotator-cuff tear in the
      elderly.
AB  - Three elderly patients developed persistent hemarthrosis of the shoulder joint
      without having suffered injury. Complete tears of the rotator cuff, attrition of
      the undersurface of the acromion, and instability were noted in the affected
      shoulders. Synovial fluids examined from two patients contained many alizarin red
      S-positive microspheroids. The synovium obtained at surgery from two patients
      showed hypervascularity, vasodilatation, and severe degenerative changes of
      collagenous tissues. The tendon of the m. supraspinatus showed infiltrations of
      multinucleated giant cells around calcified deposits consisting of hydroxyapatite
      crystals. Anatomical and mechanical derangements, and possible biological
      reactions following phagocytosis of hydroxyapatite crystals, may have contributed
      to the persistent hemorrhage in the shoulder joints.

PMID- 3408315
TI  - Injuries of the lateral ligaments of the ankle joint. Operative treatment and
      long-term results.
AB  - Between 1980 and 1984, 268 patients with recent ankle ligament ruptures were
      treated with primary surgical repair at the 2nd Department of Trauma Surgery,
      University of Vienna. The decision for immediate operative treatment was based on
      clinical findings as well as on a positive stress roentgenogram. Ligament
      ruptures were diagnosed if the talar tilt on the injured side exceeded that on
      the uninjured side by 5 degrees or more or if the ventral subluxability of the
      talus was more than 5 mm compared with the uninjured side. One hundred twenty-two
      patients were followed up for 2-6 years after operation; follow-up included
      physical examination as well as standardized and stress roentgenograms. Good
      results were obtained in 80% of cases, moderate results in 17%, and poor results
      in 3%. All of the poor results were due to persistent radiological instability
      and/or arthrotic joint degeneration. The incidence of infection was 1.5%.

PMID- 3408316
TI  - Treatment of metastatic disease of the spine with anterior resection and
      stabilization by means of a new cancellous metal construct. A preliminary report.
AB  - Eleven patients with metastatic disease of the spine underwent anterior resection
      and stabilization with a new cancellous metal, keystone-shaped construct. Three
      are alive 1 year following surgery and seven at 6 months. One patient died
      postoperatively of pulmonary insufficiency. Ambulation was improved in all
      survivers. There was no dislocation of the construct.

PMID- 3408317
TI  - The effect of lateral retinacular release in idiopathic chondromalacia patellae.
AB  - The results of lateral retinacular release were evaluated in 28 patients with
      idiopathic chondromalacia patellae. Follow-up was performed 3-5 years after the
      operation. At follow-up 13 patients were improved, while the symptoms were equal
      or intensified in 15 patients. However, compared with the situation before the
      operation, the levels of activity were increased in only two patients, while the
      levels of activity were unchanged or reduced in the remaining 26 patients. From
      this study it is concluded that the results of lateral retinacular release for
      idiopathic chondromalacia patellae are poor with regard to relief of symptoms,
      and especially with regard to improvement in ability to perform physical
      activities.

PMID- 3408318
TI  - Cefamandole and isoxazolyl penicillins in antibiotic prophylaxis of patients
      undergoing total hip or knee-joint arthroplasty.
AB  - In a prospective comparative clinical efficacy and safety study, 58 patients
      undergoing total hip or knee arthroplasty were randomly allocated to two groups;
      one received 29 cefamandole intravenously before operation and then 1 g every 6 h
      parenterally for 3 days and the other received 29 cloxacillin i.v. every 8 h for
      1 day and 29 dicloxacillin perorally every 8 h for 2 days. Concentrations of
      cefamandole and cloxacillin were measured in the serum of all patients and in the
      synovial fluid of 28 patients. The serum C-reactive protein (CRP) level was
      measured in 16 randomly allocated patients preoperatively and daily for 8 days.
      In serum the concentrations of cefamandole and cloxacillin were high. The great
      variation in cloxacillin concentration can be due in part to its strong affinity
      for blood proteins. Cefamandole entered the synovial fluid of the knee joint at
      high concentrations in 5-15 min; similar concentrations of cloxacillin were
      measured after 16-30 min. Thus, cefamandole seems to be more recommendable as
      antibiotic prophylaxis in total hip and knee replacements. The CRP level
      decreased to below 60 mg/l in all 16 patients on the 6th postoperative day.

PMID- 3408319
TI  - Changes in vertebral end plates in congenital spine deformities.
AB  - The authors investigated morphologically material from 30 patients with
      congenital spine deformities operated on at the 2nd Orthopaedic University
      Department in Brno, and the spines of two patients who underwent a spinal
      operation and later died from other causes, and also the spines of young, healthy
      road accident victims. In the course of operations for congenital deformities of
      the spine representative tissue samples were taken (hemivertebrae, quarter
      vertebrae, etc.), along with the adjacent parts of intervertebral disks. The
      authors concentrated mainly on the growth defects of deformed vertebrae and
      microscopic changes in the adjacent cartilage plates. In this way light was
      thrown on some questions of both defects of formation and defects of segmentation
      of the mesenchymal base of the spine. The defects of ossification and growth
      disorders observed are, in the authors' opinion, an important component in the
      occurrence of congenital deformities and idiopathic scolioses and have a major
      effect on their progression.

PMID- 3408320
TI  - Shaft fissures due to implantation of cementless total endoprostheses of the hip
      joint. An experimental study.
AB  - Since 1982, at the Orthopedic Department of the Pulmologic Center of the City of
      Vienna we have used the Zweymuller shaft system and the pyramidal threaded socket
      by Schwagerl when implanting cementless hip endoprostheses. Some patients
      repeatedly complained about pains in the shaft region within the first
      postoperative months, though these complaints could not be explained clinically
      or radiographically. On 15 human cadavers we implanted a total of 20 Zweymuller
      shafts and examined the femurs for ruptures of the shaft. Our special interest
      was the course of the fracture lines, their localization, and their display on
      roentgenograms. It appeared that fissures of the shaft are easily caused by the
      forced driving-in of the prosthesis. In about half of all cases the fissure
      cannot be seen on roentgenograms because of the site is covered by the implant
      itself. The fracture lines do not always begin intertrochanterally or from the
      calcar femoris; therefore, they cannot be recognized during surgery. This problem
      should be considered during implantation as well as during postoperative
      remobilization.

PMID- 3408321
TI  - Fractures of the intercondylar eminence in children and adolescents.
AB  - The treatment of choice of completely dislocated fractures of the intercondylar
      eminence is controversial. Recently, Zifko and Gaudernak [14] introduced a new
      classification in which they distinguish between two different types of
      intercondylar fractures: Type A: isolated avulsion of the anterior cruciate
      ligament Type B: fractures including the intercondylar eminence In order to
      assess whether this new classification could lead to a better selection of
      patients requiring open reduction, 19 children were reviewed 2-16 years after
      they had sustained a fracture of the intercondylar eminence. All patients with
      incompletely displaced fragments had an excellent or good ultimate result,
      independent of the kind of initial treatment received. Eleven patients sustained
      a complete displaced fracture. Of these, two had a poor result. Both had been
      treated conservatively for isolated avulsion of the anterior cruciate ligament.
      All conservatively treated type-B fractures had an excellent or good result. It
      is concluded that completely displaced type-A fractures require operative
      treatment by open reduction and fixation of the avulsed fragment.

PMID- 3408323
TI  - Familial multiple neurilemoma. A case report.
AB  - A case of familial multiple neurilemoma is reported. A 59-year-old man with five
      neurilemomas was treated. Fifteen of his 22 family members had had soft-tissue
      tumors. Ten neurilemomas had been diagnosed microscopically in five members of
      the family. There were no symptoms related to von Recklinghausen's disease. This
      case seems to be a forme fruste or related form of von Recklinghausen's disease.

PMID- 3408322
TI  - Open tibial fractures treated with Hoffmann external fixation.
AB  - Thirty-two open fractures of the tibial shaft were treated with external fixation
      between 1973 and 1981. Early amputation was necessary in one patient. In the
      remainder, including 14 with extensive soft-tissue lesions, wound healing was
      obtained within 18 weeks, and the median time until full weight bearing without
      pain was 32 weeks (range 8-60 weeks). Two deep infections healed during the
      observation period. Among 26 patients examined 1-9 years after the injury, the
      result was excellent in six, good in 11, fair in four, and poor in five patients
      (including the amputation). One fracture had not united during the observation
      period. Four poor results were due to the stiffness of the ankle and foot after
      compartment syndrome. In conclusion, alertness for early fasciotomy is necessary
      even in severe open tibial fractures. The external fixation should not be
      continued longer than the soft tissue and bone reconstruction make it necessary.

PMID- 3408325
TI  - Physiatrists and the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine.

PMID- 3408324
TI  - Rapidly developing scoliosis in an adolescent due to spinal osteoblastoma. A case
      report.
AB  - A benign osteoblastoma of the spine should be considered a possible cause of
      painful scoliosis, especially in young adults. This report concerns a 17 year old
      patient with a lesion of the second lumbar vertebra where her painful progressive
      scoliosis was mistaken as idiopathic. Considering pain as a common presentation
      for the osteoblastoma, the diagnosis can be made early through X-rays, bone scan
      and computed tomography. The only adequate therapy is total removal of the tumor
      and the surgeon should make every effort to resect this lesion in sano to achieve
      permanent relief of pain and full alignment of the spine.

PMID- 3408326
TI  - Rehabilitative optometric services for survivors of acquired brain injury.
AB  - In a retrospective study of clinical management practices, we assessed the impact
      of offering rehabilitative optometric services to a group of severely head
      injured residents of a long-term rehabilitation facility. Each testable patient
      admitted (n = 55) was screened for visual function, and more than half were
      identified as having visual problems in need of treatment. A few were sent to
      local practitioners, but most (n = 26) were referred to a rehabilitative
      optometrist (with a specialty in low vision). For all but two patients,
      optometric treatment recommendations were implemented. All of those who received
      treatment benefited; indeed, in most cases the impact on participation in the
      overall rehabilitation program was significant. For the severely brain-injured,
      the study emphasized the need for (1) careful screening of visual-sensory
      function, (2) referral for rehabilitative optometric evaluation and treatment,
      (3) taking the necessary time for evaluations, and (4) the value of having a
      cognitive rehabilitation therapist assist the rehabilitative optometrist.

PMID- 3408327
TI  - Chronic pain and functional impairment: assessing beliefs about their
      relationship.
AB  - Many chronic pain patients believe that they cannot function normally because of
      their pain. The Pain and Impairment Relationship Scale (PAIRS) was developed to
      assess the extent to which chronic pain patients endorse this belief, and the
      relationship of this belief to functional impairment, measured both subjectively
      and objectively. The PAIRS was administered to 56 patients in a chronic pain
      treatment program. The PAIRS demonstrated adequate internal consistency and it
      correlated significantly with another measure of the cognitive component of
      chronic pain syndrome, the Cognitive Errors Questionnaire--Low Back Scale. The
      PAIRS accounted for a significant proportion of variance in several measures of
      impairment (including the Sickness Impact Profile, restrictions in range of
      motion, and statements of limitation during a standardized exercise routine)
      beyond that accounted for solely by subjective pain estimate in multiple
      regression analyses. It appears that the belief that pain necessarily implies
      disability is associated with actual impairment, independent of the actual
      contribution of reported pain.

PMID- 3408328
TI  - Assessment of global function: The Reintegration to Normal Living Index.
AB  - This paper reports the development of an instrument, the Reintegration to Normal
      Living (RNL) Index, to assess global function status. Information to determine
      the components of the index was systematically collected through interviews with
      professionals, patients, and their significant others, promoting content
      validity. Psychometric properties of the index were assessed using three samples
      of patients with varied diagnoses from several settings. The index demonstrates
      high internal consistency and adequate interrater reliability (patient and
      significant other). It is responsive to changes in the clinical status of
      patients, particularly when the subscales of Daily Living and Perceptions of Self
      are considered. In terms of criterion validity, the index is somewhat related to
      work status and disease status. It also demonstrates construct validity, both
      convergent and discriminant, when assessed against a quality of life index and an
      index of psychologic well-being. The RNL index appears to assess global function
      and measures both the patient's perceptions of their own capabilities and
      objective indicators of physical, social, and psychologic performance.

PMID- 3408329
TI  - Paired study of the dorsal cutaneous ulnar and superficial radial sensory nerves.
AB  - Nerve conduction studies of the dorsal cutaneous ulnar nerve (DCU) have been
      suggested as a useful technique for identifying distal ulnar nerve lesions. In
      this study a standardized method was used to establish normal conduction
      parameters of the DCU that were compared to conduction parameters of the
      superficial radial sensory nerve (SR) in the same extremity. Fifty-five
      extremities of 33 neurologically healthy subjects aged 22 to 69 years (mean = 37;
      SD = 13) were examined. Dorsal hand skin temperature of each subject was 31 to 36
      C. The DCU and SR were antidromically stimulated 14cm proximal to plastic-mounted
      bipolar electrodes placed on the dorsum of the hand over each nerve. Latency to
      onset, latency to peak, and amplitude (mean +/- 2SD) for the DCU were 2.2 +/-
      0.3msec, 2.8 +/- 0.5msec, and 24 +/- 17 microV; and for the SR were 2.2 +/-
      0.3msec, 2.8 +/- 0.3msec, and 32 +/- 18 microV, respectively. Significant
      correlations (p less than 0.005) were found between the DCU and SR latencies to
      onset, and DCU and SR latencies to peak. These results suggest that distal
      sensory latencies of the DCU and SR are similar, and that a paired study of these
      nerves may be useful in distinguishing distal ulnar nerve entrapment syndromes
      when routine studies are equivocal.

PMID- 3408330
TI  - Increased current delivery and sperm collection using nifedipine during
      electroejaculation in men with high spinal cord injuries.
AB  - Elevated blood pressure associated with autonomic hyperreflexia during
      electroejaculation in persons with high spinal cord injuries often prevents
      successful sperm retrieval. The ability of the calcium channel blocker nifedipine
      to reduce the effects of autonomic hyperreflexia, to facilitate greater current
      delivery, and to increase sperm collection was evaluated in six persons with
      spinal cord injuries. Ten milligrams of nifedipine given sublingually ten to 15
      minutes before electroejaculation attempts helped to moderate autonomic
      hyperreflexia and the associated blood pressure elevations. These effects of
      nifedipine allowed greater current delivery and ultimately increased the chances
      of successful sperm retrieval in the six men. No adverse drug effects were
      observed.

PMID- 3408331
TI  - Quantitative muscle testing in childhood dermatomyositis.
AB  - Sixteen children with dermatomyositis were followed longitudinally by
      quantitative muscle testing between 1972 and 1982. The time to achievement of
      normal muscle strength measured quantitatively was significantly delayed (p less
      than .001) compared to the time muscle strength was clinically assessed as normal
      by manual muscle testing. A significant difference was also found between the
      time normal muscle strength was measured and normal muscle enzymes were achieved
      (p less than .05). Quantitative muscle testing is a useful adjunct to clinical
      assessment of muscle strength and determination of muscle enzymes in the
      therapeutic management of patients with dermatomyositis.

PMID- 3408332
TI  - Prospective payment for acute care: impact on rehabilitation hospitals.
AB  - This study assessed rehabilitation workers' perceptions of acute care Medicare
      prospective payment effects on rehabilitation hospitals and units. Members of
      four groups--physicians, nurses, social workers, and administrators--were asked
      to complete a survey of prospective payment effects. All survey participants
      worked at one of the 373 DRG-exempt rehabilitation hospitals in 46 states that
      have similar prospective payment systems. A total of 761 persons (60% of the
      eligible sample) responded with complete answers. Across all groups, respondents
      reported increases in the frequency of acute illness, as well as increases in
      complications and readmission into acute care. An increase in the number of
      referrals for inpatient rehabilitation was also reported, although only minimal
      changes in the length of rehabilitation stay were perceived. Individuals at
      rehabilitation hospitals perceived a greater increase in complication and
      readmission rate and acute illness, whereas individuals at rehabilitation units
      perceived a greater increase in referrals. Differences among members of the four
      disciplines were small, with social workers reporting the largest increase in
      complications and readmission to acute care hospitals, as well as in referrals
      for inpatient rehabilitation. Implications of these findings for rehabilitation
      hospitals and units are discussed.

PMID- 3408334
TI  - Observations in the rehabilitation hospital: twenty years of research.
AB  - For the past 20 years two research groups, one in Texas and one in California,
      have been making systematic observations of rehabilitation hospital activities.
      In both programs interest in recording behavior originated with an environmental
      psychology orientation. The Texas investigations focused primarily on individuals
      with spinal cord injury, both during rehabilitation and after discharge. In
      California, the study populations have been primarily those with strokes. Early
      work revealed that patients spent a relatively small portion of the day in
      therapeutic routines, their activities were restricted to a few hospital
      locations, and the opportunities for independent behavior were limited. Later
      research has shown a more intensive treatment schedule, but patients still spend
      a significant portion of the work-day alone and not in treatment. Observations in
      three different hospitals showed that patients experienced very similar treatment
      routines. Using both mechanical and human recording methods, it was found that
      measures of hospital behavior were sensitive to treatment progress and were
      robust predictors of postdischarge outcomes. Although this work has produced
      insights into the operation of rehabilitation hospitals, there is little evidence
      that it has influenced their operations. The current organization of treatment
      needs to be examined, however, in light of the findings presented here.

PMID- 3408333
TI  - Alcohol use by persons with recent spinal cord injury.
AB  - Detailed drinking histories, prevalence of alcohol abuse, and consequences of
      alcohol use were studied in 103 persons with recent spinal cord injury. Ninety
      five percent of the sample acknowledge prior alcohol use. The mean weekday
      quantity of alcohol consumed was 5.9 drinks (SD = 4.7), with a range of one to 24
      drinks per drinking episode during the six months before disability onset. The
      median frequency of alcohol use was one to two times per week. The sample's mean
      Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST) score was 6.8 (SD = 8.0), above the
      usual cutoff of 5.0, which is interpreted as indicating problematic alcohol use.
      Forty-nine percent of the sample had scores equal to or exceeding this cutoff.
      These results suggest that a significant number of individuals with recent spinal
      cord injuries have heavy drinking histories and experience behavioral problems
      resulting from alcohol use. The MAST proved to be an efficient method of
      assessing alcohol-related problems among those with recent spinal cord injuries.
      Finally, treatment and hospital policy implications are discussed.

PMID- 3408335
TI  - Anabolic androgenic steroids and a stroke in an athlete: case report.
AB  - Use of anabolic androgenic steroids among athletes has grown at an alarming rate
      in recent years, despite the knowledge that their use has resulted in such side
      effects as severe depression of high-density lipoprotein levels, increased low
      density lipoprotein/cholesterol levels, and hepatocellular carcinoma. We report
      here the case of a 34-year-old man whose hobby was body building, in the course
      of which he had been taking various anabolic androgenic agents for four years.
      Seventeen days before a scheduled body physique contest, he developed an acute
      right hemiparesis and experienced difficulty in speaking. In the emergency room
      he developed a simple partial seizure activity; an electroencephalogram showed
      abnormal slowing suggestive of left hemispheric structural lesion. After
      rehabilitation, he was able to ambulate independently; he had mild motor weakness
      in the right upper extremity with no sensory changes at discharge. Physicians
      working with athletes who use anabolic androgenic steroids should warn them of
      the risk of stroke.

PMID- 3408336
TI  - Dysphagia in postpolio sequelae: report of three cases.
AB  - Findings on three postpolio sequelae patients referred for swallowing evaluations
      are presented. The first patient, a 67-year-old man more than 60 years post onset
      of polio, complained of frequent coughing and the sensation of foods becoming
      stuck in his throat during meals. Videofluoroscopic swallowing exam revealed
      reduced pharyngeal peristalsis and liquid pooling in the pyriform sinus. The
      second patient, a 59-year-old woman, was more than 30 years post onset of polio
      and was referred because of progressive dysphagia and hoarseness in the past
      three years. Videofluoroscopy revealed reduced strength of the oral musculature
      and reduced pharyngeal peristalsis with pooling of liquids in the pyriform sinus.
      The last patient, a 50-year-old woman more than 40 years post onset of polio,
      reported having difficulty with foods sticking in her throat. Swallowing exam
      revealed a delayed swallowing reflex and reduced pharyngeal peristalsis. Although
      none of the patients was observed to aspirate, all were considered to be at risk
      because of the gradual build-up of foods in the pharynx. Noninvasive management
      procedures and the importance of stress testing the swallowing mechanisms of such
      patients are discussed. Longitudinal follow-up with these individuals is
      recommended.

PMID- 3408337
TI  - Aspiration in rehabilitation patients: videofluoroscopy vs bedside clinical
      assessment.
AB  - This paper reports the results of a blinded study comparing videofluoroscopy with
      bedside clinical evaluations by speech/language pathologists in the diagnosis of
      aspiration. One hundred and seven inpatients from a general rehabilitation
      hospital were evaluated over a four-month period. Of the total patient
      population, 43 (40%) aspirated at least one consistency of food during
      videofluoroscopy. Bedside evaluation identified only 18 (42%) of these patients.
      The positive predictive value of bedside assessment was 0.75; negative predictive
      value was 0.70. Aspirators on videofluoroscopy were more likely to have brainstem
      or multilobe central nervous system involvement than nonaspirators. However,
      there was no statistically significant difference in lesion sites between
      clinically detected and "silent" aspirators. While the significance of aspiration
      noted on videofluoroscopy is debatable, it is clear that bedside evaluation alone
      underestimates the frequency of aspiration in patients with neurologic
      dysfunction.

PMID- 3408338
TI  - Painless infraspinatus atrophy due to suprascapular nerve entrapment.
AB  - A case of painless suprascapular nerve entrapment, resulting in isolated atrophy
      and weakness of the infraspinatus, is described. Electromyography was used to
      confirm the clinical diagnosis. The etiology of this neuropathy ranges from
      trauma to overexertion of the upper extremity. Consequent entrapment most often
      occurs at the suprascapular or spinoglenoid notch. Local ganglionic cysts have
      been found compressing the suprascapular nerve. Conservative management,
      including "benign neglect," physical therapy, and local injections, is often
      effective. Surgical decompression may be indicated in refractory or posttraumatic
      cases.

PMID- 3408339
TI  - Hand splint for rheumatoid arthritis patients during gait training after joint
      replacement in lower extremity.
AB  - Rheumatoid arthritis patients have multiple joint problems, often making it
      difficult to use gait aids after a joint replacement in the leg. To address this
      problem, we designed a hand splint with a hook on the palmar side for use with
      parallel bars. Patients put these splints on both hands and they can walk holding
      the bars with the hooks. Best suited for using this splint are rheumatoid
      arthritis patients who are unable to hold parallel bars without marked pain in
      the hands or fingers, contracture of the wrist joint, or dislocation of finger
      joints. Several patients have tried this splint, which worked safely and
      satisfactorily during exercise.

PMID- 3408340
TI  - [Problem load and subjective load in aftereffects of stress].

PMID- 3408341
TI  - Psychological correlates of CNV operation characteristics (CNV OCs): a pilot
      study.

PMID- 3408342
TI  - Matching and maximization on dependent concurrent variable-ratio schedules.

PMID- 3408343
TI  - [Implicit and explicit recollections: word and meaning images in spelling and
      recognition].

PMID- 3408344
TI  - Kinsey revisited, Part I: Comparisons of the sexual socialization and sexual
      behavior of white women over 33 years.
AB  - This research compared data from two studies of women's sexual behavior--one
      conducted in the 1940s, the other in the 1980s. The first sample included 3952
      white women, ages 18 to 36, drawn from the larger sample of women who
      participated in the original Kinsey study. The second comprised 122 white women,
      in the same age range, who had taken part in a recent study of sexual
      socialization and experiences among women in Los Angeles County, CA. Log-linear
      analyses were used to control for differences between the samples on age,
      education, and marital status. Comparisons were conducted in the areas of
      childhood family characteristics; sexual socialization and education; sexual
      behavior in childhood, adolescence, and adulthood; contraceptive practices; and
      child sexual abuse. Results tended to reflect changes that have taken place in
      society and in patterns of sexual behavior. Differences in sexual socialization
      pointed to the increased role of the media and the schools and to more relaxed
      attitudes about nudity in the home. Shifts in sexual behavior were particularly
      dramatic. As compared to women in the Kinsey sample, the newer subjects began
      intercourse earlier, were less likely to have a fiance or husband as their first
      partner, reported a higher number of sexual partners, and participated in a
      broader range of sexual behaviors. Contraceptive practices differed considerably,
      especially among never-married women. Women in the new study were also more
      likely to report instances of child sexual abuse. Methodological and social
      factors contributing to the findings are discussed.

PMID- 3408345
TI  - An analysis of experimenter effects on responses to a sex questionnaire.
AB  - To test whether responses to sex questionnaires vary as a function of the milieu
      in which the questionnaires are administered, university and college students
      were presented with an explicit sex questionnaire by a psychologist or by a
      member of the clergy. In the first study conducted at a nondenominational
      university, students generally responded similarly when tested by a psychologist,
      a rabbi, or a priest. There was some evidence suggesting that a greater number of
      students tested by members of the clergy, rather than by the psychologist,
      omitted responses to sensitive questions. In a second study conducted at a
      Catholic college, responses generally were similar when comparing a priest and a
      psychologist as testers. On one sensitive item, however, there was evidence of an
      experimenter effect in the predicted direction. Under testing situations common
      to a number of studies, responses to sex questionnaires seem relatively
      unaffected by experimenter effects.

PMID- 3408346
TI  - Sexual maturity as a criterion for classification of phallometric stimulus
      slides.
AB  - With the acceptance of behavior modification techniques in the 1970's as the
      standard modality of treatment of sex offenders, the ability to diagnose the
      paraphilic arousal patterns became of primary importance. The use of the penile
      plethysmograph in the assessment of sex offenders is regarded as the most
      accurate measure of these sexual arousal patterns. This method measures the
      vasocongestive engorgement of the penile corporea while the offender is exposed
      to deviant and nondeviant sexual stimuli. The stimuli may be slides of nude males
      and females of varying ages, audiotaped descriptions of erotic scenarios or
      videotaped scenes of sexual interaction. Researchers who have used slides to
      determine the age and gender preference of the sex offenders have typically
      categorized the slides in arbitrarily established age categories that have varied
      from one research study to another. The use of age as a criterion does not take
      into account the variation in growth and maturation among children and
      adolescents. To increase reliability and standardization of research techniques,
      the authors propose that the stages of sexual maturity as set forth by Tanner
      (1962, 1978) be used in lieu of age.

PMID- 3408347
TI  - A morphometric study of the distribution of early coronary atherosclerosis using
      arteriography.
AB  - In order to document the localized prevalence of early atherosclerosis in the
      major coronary arteries, a study using 50 coronary arteriographies was made from
      Feb. 1984 to Sep. 1985 in Shinshu University Hospital. Early atherosclerotic
      stenosis had a spatial distribution with strong incidence on the LAD bifurcations
      which contained the first diagonal branch, RCA which contained RV branches and
      LCX which contained the OM branch. Upstream of the bifurcations, the stenotic
      changes were observed to be concentric with the vessel axes. Downstream of the
      flowdivider, the lesions were gathered proximally and quickly disappeared
      distally. Lesions tended to occur eccentrically at the lateral walls of the
      entrance of the smaller branch. The proximal portions of both the RCA and LCA
      were almost free of disease. We also tried to investigate the relationship
      between the bifurcation angle branching off the parent vessels and early
      sclerotic lesions. We found that the angle between the branches and the plane in
      contact with the surface of the heart is especially important.

PMID- 3408348
TI  - Total serum cholesterol and plasma lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations in cord
      sera of newborns from hispanic mothers with gestational diabetes.
AB  - The objective of this research was to determine if gestational diabetes has an
      impact on the plasma lipoprotein profiles and/or cholesterol content of the
      plasma lipoproteins in newborns. Very low plus low density lipoproteins and high
      density lipoproteins in cord sera of newborns from gestational diabetic and non
      diabetic mothers were isolated by heparin-affinity chromatography, and the
      cholesterol content in these plasma lipoprotein fractions were measured with an
      enzymatic assay. There were no significant differences in baby weights and total
      serum cholesterol levels between the two experimental groups. High density
      lipoprotein cholesterol levels (p less than 0.05) were significantly lower while
      very low plus low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations (p less than
      0.05), very low plus low density lipoprotein cholesterol/high density lipoprotein
      cholesterol ratios (p less than 0.025), and total serum cholesterol/high density
      lipoprotein cholesterol ratios (p less than 0.025) were significantly elevated in
      newborns of diabetic mothers. These results suggest that gestational diabetes
      altered neonatal plasma lipoprotein metabolism.

PMID- 3408349
TI  - Effect of anticoagulant and antiplatelet drugs on in vitro smooth muscle cell
      proliferation.
AB  - Effects of anticoagulant and antiplatelet drugs on vascular smooth muscle cell
      plating efficiency and proliferation were assessed using in vitro tissue culture
      techniques. Canine carotid artery smooth muscle cells were derived, pooled and
      plated into tissue culture cluster wells to which various drugs were added.
      Regular beef lung and porcine intestinal and low molecular weight porcine
      intestinal heparins reduced smooth muscle cell counts. Among antiplatelet drugs,
      reduced smooth muscle cell counts were seen with dipyridamole and ibuprofen, as
      well as with the combinations of ASA and dipyridamole, and ASA and dazoxiben.
      Although in vitro results cannot necessarily be extrapolated to in vivo settings,
      especially in regard to antiplatelet drugs, results of this study indicate direct
      effects of certain commonly used clinical agents in reducing smooth muscle cell
      growth.

PMID- 3408351
TI  - [Structural characteristics of the mediastinal pleura and its blood vessels].
AB  - By means of impregnation of the microcirculatory bed vessels after V. V.
      Kupriyanov and transmissive electron microscopy, topological picture of
      hemomicrovessels has been estimated in the glomerular constructions of the dog
      mediastinal pleura. The composition of cell elements and peculiarities in
      distribution of the latter in the zone of the milk spots are examined. Their
      structural characteristics are manifested as presence of mesothelium of a
      decomplexated type accumulation of macrophagal and lymphocyto-plasma cells,
      glomerular organization of the capillary network and postcapillary venules, two
      types of endothelial lining of the metabolic microvessels. The role of the milk
      spots in ensuring immune protection, in migration of macrophages and in
      filtration of the pleural liquid is discussed.

PMID- 3408350
TI  - [Arteriolo-venular anastomoses in the synovial membrane of the knee joint].
AB  - The arteriolo-venular anastomoses (AVA) in the synovial membrane of the knee
      joint of fetuses (40), corpses of persons at various age (120) and dogs (30) have
      been studied by means of the impregnation method after V. V. Kupriyanov. In the
      synovial membrane shunts and semishunts are revealed. The AVA localize in
      composition of the deep vascular network of the synovial membrane. They are
      dynamic structures. The occurrence of their disclosure and their structure depend
      on the age factor.

PMID- 3408352
TI  - [Topography and structure of the stylohyoid muscle in mammals].
AB  - Topography and structure of the musculus stylohyoideus (MSH) have been studied in
      78 species of Mammalia from 12 orders. The muscle in question has specific
      peculiarities not only in its position and fixation, but also in a great
      variability of its structure. The MSH is not revealed in Philander opossum,
      Lagostrophus fasciatus, guinea pig, Meriones eversmanni, Rhombomys opimus,
      Nyctereutes procyonoides, Thos aureus, Mastelidae. Various pathways of
      development and different functional loading define existence of several
      modifications of the MSH: a) the medial part of the muscle develops (Didelphys,
      Rodentia, Insectivora, Proboscidea, Dama dama, Capreolus capreolus; b) the
      lateral part of the musculus develops (Lagomorpha, Canis lupus, Ursidae, Felidae,
      Pinnipedia, Cavicornia); c) both parts of the musculus develop, determining
      position of the m. digastricus between these two parts (Alces alces, Pseudaxis
      sica, Cervus elaphus, Macaca rhesus, Erythrocebus patas, Perissodastyla).

PMID- 3408353
TI  - [Restorative processes in the parathyroid glands in experimental hypothyroidism].
AB  - By means of morphological, morphometrical and autoradiographical methods
      restorative processes in the parathyroid glands in 41 euthyroid and in 41
      hypothyroid rats have been studied during 1-24 days after mechanical trauma of
      the glands or after hemithyroparathyroidectomy. Seven hypothyroid and 7 euthyroid
      rats serve as a control. Hypothyroidism is produced with daily injection of
      mercazolil (6 mg/kg) 3 weeks before the operation and during the time of the
      experiment. In nonoperated hypothyroid rats development of hypertrophy in
      parathyrocytes is noted. Prolonged injection of mercazolil weakens (posttraumatic
      regeneration) or completely suppresses (compensatory hypertrophy) mitotic
      activity of the glandular cells (in comparison with the euthyroid animals).
      Manifestation of hypertrophy in parathyrocytes of the hypothyroid rats in
      comparison with the corresponding control is also less, than against the
      background of euthyreosis.

PMID- 3408354
TI  - [Age-related changes in the ultrastructural organization of the human gingival
      epithelium].
AB  - By means of transmissive and scanning electron microscopy 103 gingival bioptates
      in practically healthy persons at the age of 18-80 years have been studied. At
      ageing essential changes take place in all structural elements of the epithelium.
      The basal membrane is intermittent and loose. In cytoplasm of the cells of the
      basal layer epithelium the amount of microfilaments increases essentially, and as
      a result it becomes electron opaque. Tonofibrillar fasciculi of the spinous layer
      cells are fragmented, their contours are indistinct. In cytoplasm of the granular
      layer cells amount of keratohyalin granules increases, their size becomes large
      and their typical form is lost. In cytoplasm of the basal, spinous and granular
      layer cells the amount of organells decreases. Mitochondria acquire the
      appearance of electron translucent cavities with discomplexic, and sometimes,
      destroyed cristae. Rather great changes occur in intercellular interrelations. In
      all the layers some intercellular spaces are widen, in the spaces formed isolated
      desmosomes and other debries of cellular structures are formed. Sharp changes of
      microrelief of the granular layer epitheliocytes are observed. The
      ultrastructural rearrangements of epitheliocytes, revealed in the human gingiva,
      demonstrate certain disturbances in keratinization processes, in mechanical
      firmness, as well as in barrier function of the epithelial layer.

PMID- 3408355
TI  - [Cytodifferentiation of the epithelium of the gastric mucosa glands of rats in
      ontogenesis].
AB  - Structure of epithelium in the mucous membrane glands of the rat stomach has been
      studied electron microscopically during embryonal and postnatal periods of
      development. Time of initial appearance of various types of cells in early stages
      of the gastric epithelium histogenesis has been verified. Asynchronity of their
      appearance is demonstrated. In epithelium of the gastric glands in 20-day-old rat
      embryos poorly differentiated exocrine and also endocrine D- and G-cells are
      revealed. On the 1st day EC-, ECl-, and on the 3d day--X-endocrinocytes appear.
      Neighbouring exocrinocytes connect with each other by means of both nonspecific
      and specific intercellular contacts. Exocrine and endocrine cells connect by
      means of desmosomes. For the animals of each age group certain range of
      ultrastructural organization in variously differentiated glandulocytes (they are
      morphological basis of the reactive changes) is specific.

PMID- 3408356
TI  - [Alcohol-drug interaction in rat embryogenesis: the effect of separate and
      combined action of sodium salicylate and ethanol].
AB  - A combined administration of sodium salicylate and ethanol to female rats in
      threshold embryotoxic doses on the 9th, 10th, 12th and 13th days of pregnancy
      results in a sharp increase of embryolethal and teratogenic effects. The
      embryotoxic effect of sodium salicylate and ethanol at their combined injection
      exceeds the summational embryotoxic effect at the separate action of the
      preparations. The spectrum of malformations after their combined effect does not
      differ from that induced with sodium salicylate.

PMID- 3408357
TI  - [Structural changes in the small intestine wall and its lymphatic bed after
      gastrectomy].
AB  - Morphologically and histochemically structural changes of the small intestine
      wall and its lymphatic bed have been studied in 104 dogs after the stomach
      resection. After the operation an increase in the diameter of the lymphatic
      capillaries and vessels takes place. Lateral dilatations and protrusions in the
      capillary walls appear, new anastomoses in all the membranes are formed, they are
      mostly manifested in the mucous membrane. Histopathological rearrangement in the
      small intestine wall is demonstrated as edema of the mucous membrane, as plethora
      of the vessels, as lymphoid infiltration and as changes of the villi forms.

PMID- 3408358
TI  - [Structure of the mucous membrane of the distal part of the large intestine in
      the monkey].
AB  - By means of histological, histochemical, immunohistochemical and morphometrical
      methods, according to 24 objective morphological parameters, bioptates of
      endoscopically unchanged mucosal membrane of the large intestine, obtained from
      22 clinically healthy macaque rhesus males, have been studied. The data on vital
      structure and cellular interconnections in the mucous membrane of the distal part
      of the large intestine have been received. The data can be used for estimating
      certain pathological processes, when modelling the large intestine diseases in
      monkeys.

PMID- 3408359
TI  - [Location of enzymes of acetylcholine hydrolysis in smooth muscle cells of the
      breast and uterus].
AB  - The data on distribution of cholinesterase activity in smooth myocytes of the
      mammary ducts and in the tissue of normal and pathologically altered myometrium
      are presented. In the myometrium tumorous tissue, as demonstrate hystochemical
      investigation results, terminals of the nervous fibers are practically absent,
      while in the norm they are present in the intermuscular plexuses and accompany
      blood vessels. At the myomic alteration of the uterine smooth musculature, in
      myocytes a high enzymatic activity of the acetylcholine hydrolysis enzymes is
      revealed. An essentially activity of cholinesterases is found in the smooth
      myocytes of the mammary ducts. Participation of the acetylcholine hydrolysis and
      synthesis mechanisms in organization of rhythmic contractile activity is
      discussed.

PMID- 3408360
TI  - [Stereotopometry of the caliceal-pelvic complex of the kidney applicable to organ
      sparing operations].
AB  - By means of injection into the hollow system of the semiharden plastic
      "Protacryl" and tomometry, 157 human kidneys have been studied at the age of 20
      90 years (117 man and 40 women). Size, form, number, and character of position of
      the calyces renales minores (CRM) have been determined. Basing on the diameter of
      the fornix, three groups are distinguished: large (15-25 mm), middle (6-14 mm)
      and small (2-5 mm) CRM, and according to the length of the infundibulum-long (15
      25 mm), middle (8-14 mm) and short (up to 7 mm). Total amount of the CRM is from
      3 up to 20. The geometrical model of arrangement in the space (3-2-3) is obtained
      correspondingly to superior, middle and inferior parts of the kidney and
      probability of revealing is determined. The CRM topography in the
      threedimentional space is described and indices of the calyx-pelvic system length
      are calculated for the whole and for each CRM separately. The data obtained are
      recommended to take into account in urological practice, when certain organ
      preserving operations are performed.

PMID- 3408361
TI  - [Muscular tunic of the dog ureter in the normal state and in
      ureterohydronephrosis (data of scanning electron microscopy)].
AB  - By means of scanning electron microscopy and macro- microscopical methods in 16
      mongrel dogs the ureters have been studied, normal and at ureterohydronephrosis.
      The ureteral muscles are spirally shaped. The external muscular layer is oriented
      along the spiral, its step approximately corresponds to the length of the
      peristaltic wave. The spiral-shaped course of the muscular fasciculi in the
      middle layer is of opposite direction, the spiral step corresponds to the ureter
      diameter. The internal muscular layer is formed as a result of changes in the
      spiralization angle of the middle muscular layer from outside into inside.
      Fibrills of the connective tissue framework possess predominantly longitudinal
      orientation. At ureterohydronephrosis, together with increasing diameter of the
      ureter, the step of the muscular spiral decreases, the connective tissue
      fibrillar framework acquires a net-like structure.

PMID- 3408362
TI  - [Venous sinuses of the dura mater of the bird brain].
AB  - By means of corrosive, injection and tracheoscopy methods venous formations of
      the brain have been studied in 19 species of birds--endemical for Far East--from
      12 orders. Four types of the venous sinuses structure have been distinguished in
      the dura mater: the first type of the structure is specific for birds that live
      an inactive and quiet life (blue rock pigeon, Ussuric pheasant, Tetrastes
      bonasia, domestic hen). The second type of the sinus structure occurs in birds,
      that sharply change the speed and height of their flight (Otus bakkamoena). The
      most manifested changes in the sinus structure are noted in waterfowl and diving
      birds, that spend much time in flight, in dendrocolaptidae and in day predaceous
      birds; in them the longitudinal sinus forms a rhombus.

PMID- 3408363
TI  - [Changes in the myeloarchitectonics of human nerves in chronic ischemia].

PMID- 3408364
TI  - [Teaching of applied embryology in medical institutes].

PMID- 3408365
TI  - [Morphological signs of the blocking effect of immunoglobulins and immune
      complexes in breast cancer before and after radiotherapy].
AB  - Parenchyma of radiation-treated (48.0%) and untreated (47.9%) fibroadenomas,
      dysplasias, breast cancer (in 57.1%, 55.6% and 47.9% of cases, respectively) are
      shown to contain deposits of immune complexes (IC) and immunoglobulins (Ig) of
      the main classes. This may be an underlying cause of the blocked interaction
      between epithelial cells and lymphocytes supported by a significant reduction in
      the specific lymphocyte density observed for parenchyma of IC-positive
      fibroadenoma and dysplasia, breast cancer periphery occurring before radiation
      therapy. Poor long-term outcomes of IC-positive breast cancer irrespective of
      radiation treatment allow the author to refer IC and Ig deposits to criteria of
      unfavorable prognosis as well as indicators of breast cancer cells
      radioresistance.

PMID- 3408366
TI  - [Hemodynamic changes in the blood vessels of the lesser circulation in
      interstitial pulmonary diseases].
AB  - Hemodynamic vascular changes of the lesser circulation in granulomatous and
      diffuse pulmonary diseases shown to be systemic and advanced are suggestive of
      the existing mechanisms underlying durable compensation of defected blood flow
      through alveolar septa. One of the mechanisms may be operable by means of
      arteriolar blood outflow into the venules along dilated major capillaries. In
      compliance with this conception is venous hypertrophy in tunica media and new
      growths of the intimal muscular layer.

PMID- 3408367
TI  - [Methodological problems of the diagnosis of pathomorphological processes].
AB  - The authors hold that clinical, intravital clinicomorphological and postmortem
      morphological diagnosis should be based on methodological approaches of
      dialectical materialism providing clear-cut understanding of logical analysis and
      synthesis of pathological processes operable in the human body. Such
      understanding will promote recognition of qualitatively new clinical and
      morphological signs differentiating the conceptions of illness from health.
      Noteworthy also is algorithmization of biopsy processing which, as an objective
      method, is strongly recommended for introduction into the research and clinical
      practice of the clinical pathologists.

PMID- 3408368
TI  - [Morphological diagnosis of early cancer of the lung].
AB  - The evidence obtained at histologic study of 18 operative specimens from the
      middle lung involved by early cancer was compared to that obtained at cytological
      evaluation of the sputum, catheterization and bronchoscopy material. Combined
      cytologic investigation of the cells resulted in tumor identification in 15
      cases, whereas bronchoscopic biopsy was efficient in only 5. The study of the
      tumor-adjacent bronchi revealed epithelial transformation which can be considered
      dysplastic. Dysplasia-typical cells recognized in the bronchial contents served
      the basis for entering relevant patients into the risk group.

PMID- 3408369
TI  - [Pathomorphology of acute renal failure in ischemia of the extremities and their
      revascularization].
AB  - Functional and biochemical parameters, changes in renal morphology were studied
      in 122 dogs at different time of lower limb ischemia and revascularization. Two
      groups of dogs were identified varying in the time of ischemia and
      revascularization: (early--3 and 6 h and late--9 and 12 h), characterized by
      temporary oligoanuria and acute renal failure. Morphological appearance of the
      kidneys was described with due consideration of the pathology and compensatory
      rearrangement of glomerular epytheliocytes metabolism.

PMID- 3408370
TI  - [A method of conducting practical work in pathological anatomy].

PMID- 3408371
TI  - [Infantile type of Niemann-Pick disease with developmental defects of the central
      nervous system].
AB  - Clinical and morphologic manifestations of a rare disease developing, as a rule,
      in early life--an infantile variant of Niemann-Pick disease--are illustrated with
      a fatal case of a 6.5-month-old child. The diagnosis was established
      histochemically using, in particular, Smith-Dietrich method which provided
      differential diagnosis with cerebroside lipidosis (Gaucher's disease). In
      addition to typical enlargement of the liver, spleen and lymph nodes, cerebral
      and adrenal affection there appeared true porencephalia.

PMID- 3408372
TI  - [Pericardial mesothelioma].

PMID- 3408373
TI  - [A rare complication of splenic torsion in a child].
AB  - A 13-year-old girl with a clinical picture of severe peritonitis was subjected to
      emergency operation upon 18 h since the symptoms onset. Laparotomy which detected
      a 360 degree torsion of the spleen with necrosis and perforation in the fundus of
      the stomach was followed by splenectomy and suture of the perforation. The
      patient's death occurred 17 h after the surgical treatment in progressive
      cardiovascular, renal and hepatic insufficiency and associated DIC syndrome.
      Specific blood supply to the organs is considered the underlying cause of gastric
      necrosis in relevant case of splenic torsion.

PMID- 3408374
TI  - [Analysis of clinico-pathological diagnostic discrepancies based on the autopsy
      data from the S.P. Botkin Hospital].
AB  - The author outlines the experience gained in the analysis of the discrepancies
      occurring between clinical and autopsy diagnoses by the records of a pathologic
      department of a general hospital. The discrepancies are considered for surgical
      and therapeutic units. The reasons underlying the discrepancies were investigated
      by conventional criteria and those elaborated by the experts committee specially
      entrusted with relevant problems.

PMID- 3408375
TI  - [Unsolved aspects of the problem of glomerulonephritis].

PMID- 3408376
TI  - [An additional observation on the true understanding and classification of
      glomerulonephritis].

PMID- 3408377
TI  - [Periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges. II. Developmental aspects].
AB  - A investigation was done on EEG evolution of 9 patients with PLEDs. In all
      patients PLEDs eventually disappeared, in general in a short period, less than 4
      days in 5 cases. In 4 cases evolution was to slow background activity, and to
      posterior normalization in 2. In 3 cases evolution was to delta activity and
      suppression bursts, and all the 3 patients died. In the last 2 patients PLEDs
      were replaced by localized paroxysmal activity, which was anteriorly registered
      in 1. PLEDs was found in acute dysfunction of CNS, and in epileptic patients in
      periods of increased seizure activity. These data suggest that a critical point
      of alteration of the normal neuronal activity is needed for appearance and
      maintenance of PLEDs. No correlation could be done between the evolution of
      PLEDs, always to disappearance, and clinical outcome, that was variable.

PMID- 3408378
TI  - [Peripheral nerves biopsies: analysis of 89 cases].
AB  - Results of 89 peripheral nerve biopsies studied only by paraffin sections are
      analysed to determine the abnormalities incidence, and in what extent a general
      pathology laboratory can help in final diagnosis of patients with peripheral
      nerve disorders. 37% normal nerve biopsies and 63% with some histological
      alteration were found; only in 22% the nosological diagnosis was possible. A
      discussion about the low incidence of nosological diagnosis is made, and a
      literature revision on routine nerve biopsies. It is concluded that nerve
      biopsies should be done only in special cases, particularly when other diagnostic
      methods failed, taking into account always the limitation of the method, and
      preferentially studying a clinically involved nerve.

PMID- 3408379
TI  - [Ultrastructural studies of lymphocytes, polymorphonuclear cells and phagocytes
      in patients with Duchenne's disease].
AB  - The authors have carried out an electron microscopy study of mononuclear cells
      and granulocytes obtained from 10 patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
      Although several studies have demonstrated biochemical and immunological defects
      in these blood cells. no ultrastructural abnormalities were found in the present
      work.

PMID- 3408380
TI  - Light and dark cells in the lumbar sensory ganglia of pre and post-hatching
      domestic fowl.
AB  - Clear and dark satellite cell classes were identified by electron microscopy in
      the lumbar sensory ganglia of domestic fowl in 8 pre and 4 post-hatching stages
      of development. Some cytologic differences found between the two classes relating
      to the rough-endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, Golgi apparatus and junctional
      complexes suggest the existence of distinct functional features for both types of
      satellite cells.

PMID- 3408381
TI  - [Temporal lobe epilepsy. Developmental psychiatric study of a surgically treated
      series].
AB  - The authors have studied psychiatrically, pre and post-operatively, a series of
      31 cases operated upon for temporal lobe epilepsy. They have concluded that
      medically uncontrollable limbic epilepsy is associated in its physiopathological
      substrate to: pathological irritability, affective tenacity, impulsiveness,
      epileptic cognitive dysfunction and abstraction deficiencies of intellectual
      process. The high incidence of these events in the patients studied demonstrate
      the existence of a causal relationship between these abnormalities and the limbic
      epilepsy. Unilateral temporal lobectomies have been demonstrated to be very
      efficient for the control of epileptic seizures, whose frequency was remarkably
      reduced post-operatively. The operation resulted in a major reduction of the
      psychiatric manifestations of pathological irritability, impulsiveness, epileptic
      cognitive dysfunction and the instability of abstraction capacity produced by
      affective impacts. Affective tenacity was ill affected by the surgical procedure,
      although a favourable effect was noticed. The presence of bilateral temporal foci
      did not decrease the efficacy of the surgical intervention, nor its effect on the
      seizures or the effect of surgery on the studied psychopathological changes.

PMID- 3408382
TI  - A freeze-fracture study on the developing satellite cells of spinal ganglia in
      the chick embryo.
AB  - A freeze-fracture analysis of the satellite cells of spinal ganglia of the chick
      embryo was performed in 8 successive stages of development, from the 5th
      incubation day to hatching. The characteristic laminar disposition of the cells
      were first observed on the 7th day. Tight junctions were found at the 20th
      incubation day. Small groups or irregular aggregates of particles, but not gap
      junctions, were described on the 7th and 8th days. Pinocytotic vesicles were
      pointed out in the different stages considered.

PMID- 3408383
TI  - [Spontaneous cerebellar hematoma. Analysis of 23 cases].
AB  - A series of 23 patients with spontaneous cerebellar hematoma is analysed
      retrospectively. Several degrees of consciousness impairment, and headache
      occurred in all; 12 patients presented motor deficits among the more important
      clinical signs. Arterial hypertension (69.5%) and diabetes (34%) stand out in the
      pathological background, and their association was frequent (30%). Computerized
      tomography (CT) disclosing severe ventricular dilatation (69.5%) associated or
      not with intraventricular presence of blood is considered as an unsatisfactory
      prognosis sign, and indicative for emergency therapy. Emergency external
      ventricular draining is the best indication for the majority of these cases.
      Posterior fossa craniectomy for emptying the hematoma may be the indication in
      severe cases. Death and morbidity in this pathology are high as yet. However, CT
      contribution for diagnosis is quicker and better than benefits obtained through
      other methods. Results observed in the present series are illustrative on this
      statement, when compared to data of other series diagnosed through other methods.

PMID- 3408384
TI  - Recurrent spinal adhesive arachnoiditis. A case report.
AB  - Spinal adhesive arachnoiditis is not an uncommon disease, usually having a
      monophasic course. We studied an atypical patient with recurrent spinal adhesive
      arachnoiditis nine years after intrathecal anesthesia and the first attack of the
      disease. Also noteworthy was the favorable evolution after surgery.

PMID- 3408385
TI  - "Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome--infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy" complex. Case
      report.
AB  - Case report of a 7 1/2-year-old girl considered as being normal until the age of
      2 years. From then on she progressed with gait disturbance, mental deterioration,
      dystonic movements, convulsions and dysarthria. She died of bronchopneumonia one
      year later. CT scan showed hyperdensity at the putamen, with no signs of cerebral
      atrophy. Pathological examination disclosed an intense red coloration of the
      putamen and axonal "spheroids" at electron microscopy.

PMID- 3408386
TI  - [Cranial metastasis of adenocarcinoma of the prostate simulating parasagittal
      meningioma].
AB  - The authors report the case of a 69 year-old man in whom X-Ray, CT and
      angiography findings typical for a parietal parasagittal meningioma were caused
      by cranial metastasis from prostatic adenocarcinoma. The authors stress the
      importance of the correct interpretation of the clinical features in order to
      achieve a correct diagnosis.

PMID- 3408387
TI  - [Pure spastic hemiplegia of pyramidal origin].
AB  - The relationship between the interruption of the human pyramidal tract and its
      attendant clinical manifestations has been a matter of concern to neurologists
      and neurosurgeons for over a century. We presently report three cases of
      unilateral pyramidal tract ischemic lesions within the cerebral hemispheres who
      presented with a contralateral pure spastic hemiplegia syndrome. In none could we
      find any disturbance in the somatosensitive evoked potentials of the four limbs.
      The review of some cases on record since the time of Charcot and Erb has made it
      clear that the pyramidal syndrome is a valid clinical concept which should be
      qualified according to the particular animal species one is referring to. In man,
      it manifests itself by paresis, hyperactive muscular reflexes, spasticity and
      Babinski sign. Based on this evidence we propose the idea of a "differential
      control" exerted by the pyramidal tract upon the segmental neuronal pool as its
      key mode of normal functioning.

PMID- 3408388
TI  - [Lateral cervical puncture as a new method for collecting cerebrospinal fluid.
      Experience in Recife and its metropolitan area].
AB  - 200 cervical lateral punctions (CLP) were performed in comatose patients without
      psychomotor trouble proving this new system to be an alternative for suboccipital
      punction. This procedure was successful in 90% of the cases. Low importance
      venous accidents happened but they did not bring any injury or serious
      consequences to the patients or to cerebrospinal fluid examination results.
      Vertebral artery injury was not observed. Punctions in corpses showed us that
      this artery is one cm far from the needle trajectory during the realization of
      the CLP.

PMID- 3408389
TI  - [Clouding of consciousness on the withdrawal of caffeine and sodium benzoate].

PMID- 3408390
TI  - [Loneliness for alcoholic females].

PMID- 3408391
TI  - [Survey on the actual condition of alcoholics in a satellite city (Takatsuki
      City) and a follow-up study--in relation to a community support system].

PMID- 3408392
TI  - [A case of dihydrocodeine and oxazolam abuse in which physical dependence on both
      drugs].

PMID- 3408393
TI  - [Preventive activities of alcohol dependence in a community, Nashishi area in
      Kochi Prefecture].

PMID- 3408394
TI  - Inaccuracies in the measurement of auditory brainstem response data in normal
      hearing and cochlear hearing loss.
AB  - In a test-retest experiment inaccuracies in the measurement of the peak latencies
      and threshold of the auditory brainstem response were determined for a group with
      normal hearing and for a group with cochlear hearing loss. The inaccuracy of the
      auditory brainstem response threshold is less than 4 dB in both groups. The
      inaccuracy in latency was measured as a function of stimulation level. In both
      groups the latency inaccuracy of peak V varies from 0.1 ms at levels well above
      threshold to 0.2 ms near the response threshold. Analysis of variance showed that
      in subjects with normal hearing the intra- and interindividual variabilities of
      the peak V latencies contribute about equally to the total variance at all
      stimulation levels. The implications that these findings have for the
      determination of the horizontal shift of the latency-intensity curve are
      discussed.

PMID- 3408395
TI  - Toward a strategy for analyzing the auditory middle-latency response waveform.
AB  - The present paper describes for the auditory middle latency response (MLR) an
      analysis strategy which includes measures of latency, amplitude, waveform width,
      and area under the waveform. This combination of parameters can adequately
      describe the MLR and allow reliable and comprehensible comparisons of
      experimental conditions within and across studies. MLRs were recorded from normal
      hearing adults utilizing a variety of recording filter settings, stimulus
      frequencies and stimulus envelopes. A filter window narrower than 3-300 Hz caused
      marked distortions in the MLR and significantly affected all parameters. Lower
      stimulus frequencies yielded significantly larger MLR amplitude, width, and area
      compared to higher frequencies. Stimulus envelope had no effect on any parameter.

PMID- 3408396
TI  - The Chirp Train Streaming test. A clinical approach to auditory selectivity and
      listening.
AB  - Traditionally, the auditory system is considered as capable, primarily, of
      frequency and temporal analysis. We introduce a new test, the CTS test, using
      tone glides (chirps), which takes into account the ability of the auditory system
      to form perceptual streams. Based on Bekesy tracking, the test gives an auditory
      selectivity index, the streaming index or STIN. The STIN value together with the
      tracking pattern provide insight into the nature and cause of the patient's
      listening problems. In this paper, we use the STIN to develop a working
      hypothesis about the role of middle-ear silent mucosal metaplasia in
      presbyacusis. The test is described in detail, and the results for 560 patients
      (1,109 ears) are given. The validity, reliability, limitations, and
      interpretation of the test are discussed.

PMID- 3408397
TI  - Binaural hearing after middle ear surgery. Masking-level difference for
      interaural time and amplitude cues.
AB  - Previous investigations have shown that binaural hearing is often abnormal in
      patients having conductive hearing losses, and even in patients who have had
      hearing thresholds corrected by middle ear surgery. The present study assessed
      further the masking-level difference (MLD) in patients who had previously
      undergone middle ear surgery. The stimuli were chosen such that the sensitivity
      to interaural time difference cues and to interaural amplitude difference cues
      could be assessed independently. Results indicated that the MLD is abnormal in
      more than a third of 15 patients, even after surgery has restored normal hearing
      at the frequency of the test. The MLD is more likely to be reduced for the cue of
      interaural time difference than for interaural amplitude difference. Subjects who
      had lesions of long duration, early onset, and large asymmetry were particularly
      likely to have reduced MLDs.

PMID- 3408398
TI  - Tympanometry using a sweep-frequency probe tone and its clinical evaluation.
AB  - In this new tympanometric system, air pressure in the external meatus is kept
      constant at either -200 daPa or 0 daPa. The frequency of the probe tone is swept
      from 220 to 2,000 Hz (or 2,500 Hz, if necessary) in 4 s. During this frequency
      sweep, sound pressure in decibels and phase angle in degrees in the external
      meatus are sampled and the differences in sound pressure and phase angle measured
      at -200 and 0 daPa pressures are computed. These results are figured as a
      frequency-sound pressure curve and a frequency-phase angle curve. From the study
      on 8 fresh human cadaver temporal bones, four parameters in these curves are
      selected by discriminant analysis to provide diagnostic criteria: the minimum
      value and the 0-cross frequency of the frequency-sound pressure curve and the
      maximum value and its frequency of the frequency-phase angle curve. Normal
      parameters were determined in 50 normal ears. Evaluation of 40 patients with
      ossicular disorders revealed that 10 out of 12 cases of ossicular discontinuity
      and 5 out of 6 cases of malleus and/or incus fixation were correctly diagnosed.
      For stapes fixation, the diagnosis was correct in 12 out of 22 ears. This system
      is useful in the clinical diagnosis of ossicular disorders, producing a
      collection of curves and parameters that are distinctively different for the
      ossicular discontinuity and the ossicular fixation.

PMID- 3408399
TI  - Independent fluctuations of the round-window summating potential and compound
      action potential following the surgical induction of endolymphatic hydrops in the
      guinea pig.
AB  - The diagnosis of Meniere's disease is classically based on the triad of symptoms
      including fluctuating hearing loss, tinnitus and vertigo. Modifications to the
      electrocochleographic response have been searched as a possible help in the
      diagnosis. Various authors have reported a tendency for an increased ratio of the
      summating potential (SP) to action potential (AP) which is generally thought to
      be due to an enhanced SP. However, the large variability between patients has
      precluded any clear-cut conclusion. This dispersion of data might represent real
      individual differences or might be attributed to unavoidable technical
      variations, such as electrode placement and/or precise control of stimulus
      levels. As an attempt to answer this issue, we employed an animal model of
      experimental hydrops in which these difficulties can be overcome by chronic
      implantation of round-window electrodes and carefully controlling the stimulus
      level. In the present study, the SP and AP were monitored over several months for
      different frequencies and different intensities. In the early period of
      fluctuating thresholds at low and mid frequencies, AP amplitude varied in loose
      correspondence with the fluctuating audiogram. The SP amplitude also varied
      apparently not associated with AP or threshold changes and no consistent increase
      in SP was observed. At a later stage when all thresholds were elevated both SP
      and AP diminished. In normal ears increases in the stimulus intensity induce an
      augmentation of SP/AP. In hydropic ears, at the period of fluctuating thresholds,
      the SP/AP growth curve was at first similar to that of controls but later became
      very variable for different animals, but in general much larger than
      normal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3408400
TI  - Auditory brainstem responses as a function of average hearing sensitivity for
      2,000-4,000 Hz.
AB  - Average hearing thresholds for 2,000, 3,000 and 4,000 Hz and ABR results were
      analyzed for 290 patients having some degree of cochlear hearing loss. As average
      hearing sensitivity in the 2,000- to 4,000-Hz range became poorer, the incidence
      of abnormal auditory brainstem responses (ABR) increased. When the 2,000-Hz
      threshold sensitivity was 0-40 dB and the three-frequency average hearing loss
      was less than 50 dB, nearly 80% of ABR tracings were normal. Steeply sloping
      audiograms above 2,000 Hz increased the percent of abnormal ABR results.

PMID- 3408401
TI  - Age-related hearing difficulties. I. Hearing impairment, disability, and handicap
      -a controlled study.
AB  - The study compares the audiological profile of a group of first-time applicants
      for hearing aids, a group of re-applicants and a group of non-complainers, aged
      70-75 years (n = 71). In spite of overlap in range, a significant difference in
      thresholds and discrimination was found. The lip-reading capacity was well
      preserved in the elderly, but showed a significant correlation to the general
      health condition. The audiological benefit of hearing-aids did not increase with
      early fitting. General satisfaction with life was independent of satisfaction
      with hearing; two thirds of the patients were satisfied with their aids and used
      them regularly. The rest were dissatisfied and used them less than once a week.
      The aids were most systematically used to watch TV. Pure-tone average and
      handicap scaling were compared as guidelines for hearing-aid fitting. The most
      powerful tool to identify those in need of hearing-aids was handicap scaling
      based on interviews concerning self-assessed hearing difficulties.

PMID- 3408402
TI  - Age-related hearing difficulties. II. Psychological and sociological consequences
      of hearing problems--a controlled study.
AB  - 71 individuals aged 70-75 years, whose audiological profile has been described in
      part I' of the study, were subjected to an extensive psychological questionnaire
      to evaluate the influence of hearing impairment on the psychological and
      sociological profile and general behaviour. The subjects consisted of three
      groups: first-time applicants for hearing-aids, re-applicants, and a control
      group not complaining of hearing problems. Neither hearing deterioration in
      general, as measured by hearing handicap and communication handicap, nor noise
      induced hearing impairment was correlated to social class. The general activity
      level and the intellectual capacity were independent of hearing level, but a
      significant correlation was found between activity level and intellectual
      capacity. Also social class was correlated to activity level and intellectual
      level. Thus, a highly active life was correlated to preserved intellect and
      higher social class. Most of the elderly regarded themselves as being active, but
      this did not correlate with the objective activity score. Decreased activity was
      not correlated to hearing problems, but rather to physical limitations, decreased
      number of interests, tiredness. Self-perception was not influenced by the degree
      of hearing handicap and a stable mood and an optimistic attitude predominated.
      Only 14% experienced a depressed mood, and this state seemed to be linked to
      deteriorated hearing.

PMID- 3408403
TI  - Computerised arthrotomography of the glenohumeral joint.

PMID- 3408404
TI  - Tubal intramural polyps: incidence and radiographic demonstration.

PMID- 3408405
TI  - The paperless radiology department.

PMID- 3408406
TI  - Basilar artery fenestration with an associated aneurysm: case report.

PMID- 3408407
TI  - The disappearing "osteochondroma": simulation by reformated computed tomography.

PMID- 3408408
TI  - Extra-medullary haemopoiesis causing paraplegia.

PMID- 3408409
TI  - Plasma cell granuloma of the lung.

PMID- 3408410
TI  - Tuberculosis of the calvaria mimicking eosinophilic granuloma.

PMID- 3408411
TI  - Abdominal aortic aneurysm with perianeurysmal fibrosis: demonstration of ureteric
      obstruction by computerized tomography.

PMID- 3408412
TI  - Digital angiography--myth and reality.

PMID- 3408413
TI  - Primary brain lymphoma.

PMID- 3408414
TI  - Myelographic correlations of vascular anatomy of the spinal cord.

PMID- 3408415
TI  - A re-evaluation of the nasopharyngeal soft tissue sign.

PMID- 3408416
TI  - Managing difficult common bile duct problems with the help of the interventional
      radiologist.

PMID- 3408417
TI  - Primary cardiac mass lesions (a study of 24 cases).

PMID- 3408418
TI  - Demonstration of intrabiliary rupture of hepatic hydatid cysts by retrograde
      cholangiography.

PMID- 3408419
TI  - Perirenal cobwebs: a sign of aortic aneurysm rupture.

PMID- 3408420
TI  - Anti-G suit inflation rate requirements.
AB  - Relaxed +Gz rapid-onset tolerances were measured on the human-use centrifuge at
      the USAF School of Aerospace Medicine, using male research subjects with and
      without inflated anti-G suits. Tolerance at 6 G.s-1 onset rates were 0.2-0.3 G
      lower than those measured with 1 G.s-1 onset rates, thus suggesting the existence
      of another relaxed G tolerance measurement called very high onset G. Baroceptor
      effect was considered the reason for this difference. Delays of a mean of 3.3 s
      in inflating the anti-G suit did not change relaxed G tolerances at 6 G.s-1 onset
      rates; however, with a 4.2-s mean delay, light-loss tolerance criteria occurred
      sooner during the G exposure. Tolerances to 7 G with 6 G.s-1 onset rates, during
      which the subjects had to perform the anti-G straining maneuver (AGSM), required
      a mean delay of 2.8 s in six subjects before a noticeable change in light-loss
      criteria occurred--a mean delay of 2.0 s resulted in no change in light-loss
      criteria from zero delay control inflation rates. These results clearly indicate
      that the inflation of the anti-G suit can be delayed by at least 1 s without
      compromising anti-G suit protection.

PMID- 3408421
TI  - Slowing effects of alcohol on voluntary eye movements.
AB  - The effect of a moderate dosage of alcohol on the latency and saccadic velocity
      of eye movements was assessed by three kinds of task complexities such as the
      "simple," "comparison," and "addition response tasks" to displayed stimuli. Six
      male subjects volunteered for the study. For each subject, a total of 570 trials
      were made on four consecutive days. In terms of absolute alcohol, the dose was
      1.0 ml.kg-1 of body weight. The slowing effect of alcohol on the latency ranged
      from 8.4 to 16.8% (mean 12.7%) corresponding to the task complexity. The
      impairment of the saccadic velocity ranged from 17.4 to 25.5% (mean 18.6%). It
      was suggested that the task complexity reflected on the latency, but not on the
      saccadic velocity.

PMID- 3408422
TI  - Modification of colour vision in the green/red axis in acute and chronic hypoxia
      explored with a portable anomaloscope.
AB  - The effects of acute (4350 m), subacute (4800 m) and chronic (4800 m) altitude
      hypoxia on colour vision in the green/red axis were explored in eight sea-level
      natives by means of a simple portable anomaloscope. Subjects were required to
      create a yellow colour from a mixture of red (635 nm) and green (565 nm) obtained
      from two electroluminescent diodes. A relative decrease in green, compared to
      red, sensitivity was observed in each hypoxic condition (p less than 0.001).
      Acclimatization to altitude, evidenced by the improvement of arterial O2
      saturation (earoximeter) was accompanied by a slight but not significant return
      to normal colour sensitivities. The influence of factors such as fatigue, season,
      and age is discussed and does not seem likely to account for the observed
      variations.

PMID- 3408423
TI  - Early hormonal effects of head-down tilt (-10 degrees) in humans.
AB  - The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a 5-h weightlessness
      simulation (using supine bed rest or head-down tilt at -10 degrees = HDT) on
      plasma renin activity (PRA), aldosterone (PA), and catecholamines (epinephrine-E,
      norepinephrine-NE, and dopamine-DA) and to compare the results with those
      obtained with horizontal bed rest (BR), which is often taken as a control
      situation for simulation studies. Ten healthy young volunteers submitted to the
      three following postural tests: 7 h sitting; 1 h sitting, 5 h supine, and 1 h
      sitting; 1 h sitting, 5 h HDT, and 1 h sitting. Our results show that a 5-h HDT
      or BR induced a significant progressive increase in plasma volume (14.5% for HDT
      and 7% for BR) and a decrease in diastolic blood pressure (18% for HDT and 17%
      for BR), PRA (60% for HDT and 40% for BR), PA (63% for HDT and 60% for BR), and
      NE (20% for HDT and 25% for BR) compared to the sitting position. E decreased
      only in HDT, and DA was unchanged. We concluded that the main part of the
      cephalad shift is achieved by bed rest as reflected by changes in hematocrit and
      plasma protein concentration. The decrease in diastolic blood pressure, the
      inhibition of the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system (in part explained by a
      decrease in NE) are similar in BR and HDT. We demonstrate that the use of a
      relevant body position as control is a major concern when investigating the
      hormonal effects of HDT. If recumbency is chosen as the control situation in HDT
      studies, it is not surprising to observe only few changes when HDT is applied.

PMID- 3408424
TI  - Temperature and metabolic responses to inhalation and bath rewarming protocols.
AB  - Rewarming of mildly hypothermic subjects was compared using three different
      techniques that have been suggested for use in field situations. Eight subjects
      were cooled for up to 1 h, on four occasions, in a filled whole-body water
      calorimeter controlled at 22 degrees C. Following cooling, rewarming was
      initiated by one of four procedures: inhalation of warmed and humidified air at
      40 degrees C or 45 degrees C, immersion in 40 degrees C water, or spontaneously
      by shivering. Deep body temperature was recorded simultaneously at three
      different sites: rectal, esophageal, and auditory canal. Skin temperatures were
      recorded from four sites: chest, forearm, thigh, and calf. Results showed that
      rapid external rewarming in 40 degrees C water produced the quickest rate of
      rewarming and smallest magnitude and duration of afterdrop. Regardless of which
      rewarming protocol was followed, the esophageal site always showed the smallest
      afterdrop. Although there were no differences in the rewarming rates calculated
      for each of the three core temperature sites during inhalation and spontaneous
      rewarming, both auditory canal and esophageal sites rose significantly quicker
      than rectal during the rapid rewarming in 40 degrees C water. Inhalation
      rewarming led to a depressed metabolic rate, compared to spontaneous rewarming,
      which was not compensated by heat provided through the respiratory tract. It was
      concluded that for mildly hypothermic subjects, rapid rewarming in 40 degree C
      water was the most efficient procedure and that esophageal temperature--the
      closest approximation of aortic blood or cardiac temperature--is the most
      sensitive to change during rewarming by any procedure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3408425
TI  - Utilization of psychomotor screening for USAF pilot candidates: enhancing
      predictive validity.
AB  - Subjects for this research were 320 prospective pilots who were tested on
      computerized versions of the Two Hand Coordination (2HC) and Complex Coordination
      (CC) psychomotor tests. Independent variables included five basic error measures
      associated with the two tests, as well as seven new variables that had not
      previously been utilized. Results of MANOVA and multiple regression analyses
      revealed that performance on the two psychomotor tests were significantly related
      to Undergraduate Pilot Training (UPT) outcome. A trend was observed for a
      prediction model based on early and total trial data to yield higher simple and
      multiple correlations than a model based on late trials. Regressing the basic
      five independent variables on UPT outcome yielded R values of 0.334, 0.271, and
      0.310 for early, late, and total trial data, respectively. The predictive
      validity of the basic five error scores was not incrementally increased by
      stepping in independent variables associated with the hypotenuse of horizontal
      and vertical error or stick movement. A stepwise multiple regression analysis
      revealed that the best two-variable prediction equation included the hypotenuse
      of horizontal and vertical error for both psychomotor tests (R = 0.329).

PMID- 3408426
TI  - Left anterior hemiblock in otherwise healthy pilots.
AB  - We studied 15 male pilots with left anterior hemiblock (LAH) and compared them to
      15 age-matched controls. Exercise testing was normal in all 15 pilots with LAH.
      There was no significant difference in the measurements of cardiac geometry in
      the 15 pilots compared to the controls, with valve thickness, mitral valve
      posterior motion and septal thickness also being similar in the two groups. The
      pilots remained asymptomatic and on active flying duty during the mean follow-up
      period of 52 +/- 8 months. We conclude that LAH is a benign condition in young
      asymtomatic men.

PMID- 3408427
TI  - IgA nephropathy in a student naval aviator.
AB  - Microscopic hematuria is not infrequently seen in the aviator population. After
      appropriate evaluation, excluding renal biopsy, such a finding is commonly
      diagnosed as "benign microscopic hematuria," and no further action is taken. The
      clinical case presented here involves a student naval aviator whose only findings
      were microscopic hematuria and a unilateral high-frequency hearing loss. A renal
      biopsy was performed to rule out another diagnosis and IgA nephropathy was found
      incidentally. He was subsequently denied clearance to fly because of the
      uncertain outcome of the disease. Berger's disease is discussed fully as to its
      clinical picture, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.

PMID- 3408428
TI  - Objective psychological testing of U.S. Air Force officers in pilot training.
AB  - Clinical psychologists are increasingly assisting flight surgeons in the
      assessment of students in pilot training. However, some psychological tests
      reported in the literature are ill-suited to efficient clinical evaluation of
      aviators. Recent advances in clinical psychometrics offer improvements in
      reliability, personality theory, and norms. We administered the Multidimensional
      Aptitude Battery, the Personality Research Form, and the Millon Clinical
      Multiaxial Inventory to 350 Air Force officers undergoing Undergraduate Pilot
      Training. We present normative data for use by practitioners assessing similar
      populations.

PMID- 3408429
TI  - Paper-free flight surgeon's office.
AB  - Integration of evolving technology into the flight surgeon's daily practice
      offers revolutionary opportunities to improve professional effectiveness. The
      productivity of those involved in the practice of aerospace medicine will be
      enhanced through the use of information systems, including word processors,
      communications equipment, graphics displays, and computers. The use of these
      systems will eliminate "paper work" and add efficiency to the flight surgeon's
      office environment. The practice of medicine is changing with increasing emphasis
      on credentialing, activity tracking, incident reporting, and occurrence
      screening. These quality assurance measures are being followed through data base
      management. The implications regarding medical records management, productivity
      indicators, continuing medical education, preventive medicine and direct patient
      care are great. The ability to communicate electronically leads to potential
      consultant networks, allowing real-time advice on complex cases regardless of
      geography. Military physicians should also be mindful of the command, control,
      communications, and intelligence advantages offered by these systems. Although
      microcomputers exist in most flight surgeons' offices and new technical
      applications are planned, integrators and champions are needed.

PMID- 3408430
TI  - A system for controlled presentation of the Arden contrast sensitivity test.
AB  - Contrast sensitivity has been identified as a significant index of visual
      function, and as an indicator of visual disorders. The Arden test of contrast
      sensitivity has been recognized as a simple and easily administered technique for
      measurement of this process. However, the customary method of administration of
      this test involves manual manipulation and considerable individual subjectivity.
      The instrument described in this report was designed and developed to minimize
      variability in the testing procedure due to differences in individual testing
      techniques, and to standardize testing conditions, ambient illumination, viewing
      distance and rates of presentation.

PMID- 3408431
TI  - Transmission of AIDS in the aviation environment.

PMID- 3408432
TI  - Aerospace medicine residents' teaching file. Case #18.

PMID- 3408433
TI  - Ground all Air Force flyers found to be infected with human immunodeficiency
      virus (HIV)

PMID- 3408434
TI  - Aerospace medicine residents' teaching file. Case #16.

PMID- 3408435
TI  - A medical filter for observing the solar system.

PMID- 3408436
TI  - Which physicians in space? Another viewpoint.

PMID- 3408437
TI  - Metabolic bone disease.

PMID- 3408438
TI  - Response variation in instrumental extinction in rats with fornix transections.
AB  - The present experiment examined spatial and response variation interpretations of
      the large difference in magnitude between operant and instrumental extinction
      deficits seen in hipocampally damaged animals. Latency measures and detailed
      behaviors of rats with fornix transections were compared to those of control rats
      during acquisition and extinction in an enriched spatial runway. Control rats, in
      comparison to rats with fornix transections, exhibited larger increases in start
      box, runway, and goal box latencies, but no spatial gradients were found. Control
      rats also exhibited less goal persistence and more response variation following
      the transition to extinction. The results suggest no fundamental difference
      between operant and instrumental deficits following hippocampal damage, but an
      interaction between strategies employed and traditional response measures.

PMID- 3408439
TI  - Recovery of escape locomotion following a CNS lesion in Aplysia.
AB  - The recovery of escape locomotion in Aplysia following a CNS lesion was
      investigated. The connectives between the cerebral and pleural ganglia were
      crushed in anesthetized animals, producing a specific behavioral deficit. Animals
      with lesions failed to initiate escape locomotion in response to tail shock. Tail
      withdrawal and inking which were also evoked by tail shock were still present.
      Other behaviors such as normal locomotion and feeding were not impaired. There
      was gradual recovery from the effects of the lesion. Animals with lesions began
      to respond to tail shock with weak pedal waves at long latencies after 7-13 days.
      The responses grew more vigorous and the latencies decreased over subsequent
      days. Full escape locomotor responses were observed as early as 15 days
      postlesion. By Postlesion Day 27, all of the animals had completely recovered and
      gave full escape responses. The mean latency of the escape locomotor response in
      recovered animals was not significantly different from prelesion control values.
      In behaviorally recovered animals, retrograde tracing from a point distal to the
      lesion site stained neurons in the cerebral ganglion. Intracellular dye
      injections of individual neurons revealed sprouting of new processes. Stimulation
      of the tail nerve and individual neurons demonstrated synaptic connections
      between cerebral and pleural ganglia neurons. These results suggest that the
      observed behavioral recovery was due to pleural ganglia neurons regenerating and
      forming appropriate synaptic connections in the cerebral ganglion.

PMID- 3408440
TI  - Passive avoidance learning produces focal elevation of bursting activity in the
      chick brain: amnesia abolishes the increase.
AB  - Presentation of a bright bead to day-old chicks (Gallus domesticus: Ross 1 Chunky
      Chicks) elicits spontaneous pecking. If the bead is coated with an aversive
      substance (e.g., methylanthranilate), they will avoid similar beads subsequently;
      if it is coated with water, they peck avidly on re-presentation. Formation of a
      memory for this one-trial passive avoidance task is unaffected by subconvulsive
      transcranial electroshock when applied 10 min after training in 60% of birds,
      whereas "immediate" post-training electroshock renders 63% of chicks amnesic.
      Memory formation and retention is associated with a large bilateral enhancement
      in trained over control chicks (320 and 350% in left and right hemispheres,
      respectively; p less than 0.001) of a particular spontaneous multi-unit activity
      firing pattern, that is, short-duration (15-40 ms) bursts of large-amplitude
      (greater than or equal to 200 microV, 450 microV max p-p), high-frequency (400
      450 Hz) spiking in anesthetized chicks. This effect is observed in data lumped
      from 1-13 h after training and is restricted to the intermediate medial
      hyperstriatum ventrale. When chicks are rendered amnesic by electroshock
      immediately following training, there is a complete abolition of this increase in
      burst firing; in those chicks where this treatment fails to elicit amnesia, the
      increase in bursting is still observed. In birds in which the shock is delayed
      and memory formation occurs, the increase in bursting activity is maintained;
      however, if the delayed shock produces apparent amnesia, then the increase is
      once again abolished. The electroshock had no effect on bursting per se in
      untrained chicks. There was no significant difference in tonic spiking between
      the chicks. A marked increase in the occurrence of bursting epochs in the IMHV of
      anesthetized chicks following passive avoidance training is therefore closely
      associated with memory formation, but not with the nonspecific concomitants of
      the training procedure.

PMID- 3408441
TI  - The effect of lesions of cerebellar cortex on retention of the classically
      conditioned eyeblink response when stimulation of the lateral reticular nucleus
      is used as the conditioned stimulus.
AB  - Ten male albino rabbits were implanted with stimulating electrodes in the lateral
      reticular nucleus (LRN). These rabbits were given paired classical conditioning
      training of the nictitating membrane response with stimulation of the LRN as the
      conditioned stimulus (CS) Each rabbit was given daily training sessions until it
      consistently made conditioned responses (CRs). Each rabbit then received an
      aspiration lesion of cerebellar cortex; the ipsilateral anso-paramedian lobule (n
      = 6), the anterior or central vermis (n = 2), the central vermis and ansiform
      lobule (n = 1), or the central vermis and paramedian lobule (n = 1). After
      recovery, these rabbits were again given paired classical conditioning training
      with LRN stimulation as the CS. The rabbits with anso-paramedian lesions did not
      retain the CR after the lesion, but were able to relearn it. The rabbits with
      lesions of the vermis, the vermis and ansiform, or the vermis and paramedian
      retained the CR after the lesion. These results are contrasted with previous
      results, which show that after aspiration of the anso-paramedian lobule, the
      conditioned response is not retained or relearned when stimulation of the
      dorsolateral pontine nucleus (DLPN) is used as a CS. The differences between the
      mossy fiber outputs of the LRN and DLPN may account for this discrepancy.
      Different regions of the cerebellum are apparently involved in retention of
      classically conditioned responses depending on the population of mossy fibers
      carrying the CS information.

PMID- 3408442
TI  - Disruption of conditioned taste aversion: evidence that ECS weakens the gustatory
      engram.
AB  - Two experiments are reported concerning the neural substrate of conditioned taste
      aversion (CTA) and the amnesic mechanisms involved when such learning is
      disrupted by electroconvulsive shock (ECS). Subjects were adult male rats. In the
      first experiment it is demonstrated that an aversion established to a 2.5%
      sucrose solution can simulate the learning loss reported in earlier studies which
      was caused by interpolating ECS between tasting and illness when the aversion was
      established using a 10% sucrose cue. It is concluded that if ECS acts to disrupt
      the memory of the taste cue, it possibly reduces it to only about one-quarter of
      its original strength, a substantial deficit not readily apparent simply from the
      degree of aversion displayed. In the second experiment, CTAs were established
      using either a 2.5% sucrose cue or a 10% cue with ECS interpolated during the
      taste-illness interval. Animals in the two groups were subsequently confronted
      with a range of sucrose stimuli and their respective aversions were compared.
      Near identical responses were observed under all conditions tested. These
      findings are consistent with the theory that ECS disrupts CTA by weakening the
      gustatory engram.

PMID- 3408443
TI  - Auditory startle in normotensive and hypertensive rats.
AB  - In the present experiment auditory startle was examined in male and female rats
      of the spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto normotensive (WKY)
      strains and borderline hypertensive rats (BHR) derived from cross-breeding SHR
      females with WKY males. The magnitude of auditory startle declined over trials
      and was significantly higher in WKYs than in both SHRs and BHRs which did not
      differ from each other. These data add to an increasing body of literature
      concerning behavioral differences between hypertensive and normotensive rats and
      are discussed as they relate to the possible strain differences in either
      behavioral reactivity or tonic fear.

PMID- 3408444
TI  - Differential associative conditioning and olfactory discrimination in the spiny
      lobster Panulirus argus.
AB  - A differential aversive associative conditioning paradigm was used to assess the
      ability of the spiny lobster Panulirus argus both to associatively learn not to
      respond to the odorant stimulus to which it was conditioned and to discriminate
      between odorants. The paradigm consisted of pairing an aversive stimulus
      (pseudopredator) with a conditioned chemical stimulus (shrimp mixture). Four
      artificial mixtures (crab, mullet, oyster, and shrimp), each at 0.05 and 0.5 mM,
      were presented to the animals prior to, during, and following conditioning to
      both concentrations of the shrimp mixture. Pre- vs postconditioning changes in
      three types of behavioral responses (and an index based on a composite of these
      three behaviors) were used as indicators of learned aversions. Olfactory
      discrimination abilities were determined by comparing the aversion to the
      conditioned mixture with the aversions to the three nonconditioned mixtures. A
      high degree of associative learning was attained after 10 pairings of the
      pseudopredator with the shrimp mixture over a period of 5 test days. According to
      the aversion index, animals conditioned to shrimp mixture perceived crab mixture
      as being more similar to shrimp mixture than were mullet and oyster mixtures, but
      all three nonconditioned mixtures were perceived as being significantly different
      from the shrimp mixture. These results are in concordance with results of a
      cluster analysis based on the mixture compositions, which indicates that shrimp
      and crab mixtures are compositionally similar, while mullet and oyster mixtures
      are compositionally distinct from the shrimp mixture.

PMID- 3408445
TI  - Caudate nucleus and memory for egocentric localization.
AB  - A large body of evidence suggests that the caudate nucleus (CN) plays a critical
      role in the processing of spatial localization information. Furthermore, evidence
      has begun to accumulate that the CN is involved in the processing of a very
      specific class of spatial cues, namely, egocentric cues (localization with
      reference to the organism). This is in contrast to allocentric localization,
      where an organism localizes on the basis of cues external to the organism. One
      would then predict that lesions to the CN should disrupt performance on any tasks
      that depend chiefly on egocentric spatial cues, while leaving performance on
      allocentric tasks intact. To test this prediction, two groups of rats were
      trained on two different egocentric memory tasks and two different allocentric
      memory tasks. Specifically, one group of rats was trained on an adjacent-arm
      (egocentric) and an 8-arm radial maze task (allocentric). A second group of rats
      was trained on a right-left discrimination (egocentric) and a place-learning task
      (allocentric). After training, both groups received bilateral lesions of the CN.
      Results showed that CN-lesioned animals were profoundly impaired on retention of
      the egocentric tasks. In sharp contrast to this, the same animals were not or
      were only transiently impaired or transiently affected on allocentric tasks. Sham
      operated controls were either unimpaired or transiently affected on all tasks.
      These findings further support the idea that the CN plays a critical modulatory
      role in the processing of egocentric spatial and not allocentric spatial cues.

PMID- 3408447
TI  - Preoperative enrichment and behavioral recovery in rats with septal lesions.
AB  - To assess the behavioral effects of preoperative differential housing male rats
      were placed in either enriched or isolated environments at weaning prior to
      receiving either sham operations or septal lesions when 57 days of age. Rats with
      septal lesions showed reduced habituation of ambulation and initially made fewer
      rears in an empty open field but made more object-contacts coupled with a lack of
      habituation in the object-filled field. Septal rats also showed severe
      impairments when tested in a 12-arm radial maze with 7 arms baited and 5 arms
      unbaited. Preoperative enrichment did not significantly affect these lesion
      induced changes. Nevertheless, enrichment significantly lowered ambulation (but
      did not affect habituation) in the open field and increased the number of
      manipulatory relative to nonmanipulatory contacts. However, preoperatively
      enriched septal rats showed a deficit in spontaneous alternation (45%) in
      contrast to the high levels (83%) shown by intact enriched rats, whereas both
      intact and septal isolated rats showed similar levels of spontaneous alternation
      (68%). These results conflict with earlier reports that preoperative enrichment
      "protects" rats against the deficits produced by septal lesions.

PMID- 3408446
TI  - The effects of neonatal gonadectomy and prenatal stress on cortical thickness and
      asymmetry in rats.
AB  - In Study I measures of cortical thickness were taken in 90-day-old male and
      female Sprague-Dawley, Wistar, and Long-Evans rats that were born to pregnant
      females shipped to the laboratory in late pregnancy and that were either
      gonadectomized at birth or left intact. No evidence for hemispheric differences
      in cortical thickness was found in any of the groups. Gonadectomy resulted in
      increased cortical thickness in male Sprague-Dawley and Wistar rats and in small
      increases in thickness of the left hemisphere in Long-Evans rats, especially
      males. No effects of gonadectomy were found in females of any strain. The lack of
      the expected right-over-left difference in cortical thickness in intact males may
      have been due to prenatal stress caused by housing, handling, and shipping. In
      Study 2 measures of cortical thickness were taken in 90-day-old male and female
      Sprague-Dawley rats that were bred in our laboratory, but otherwise similarly
      treated at birth. In this second study, the expected right-over-left hemispheric
      difference in cortical thickness was found in intact male rats; none was found in
      gonadectomized males or in either of the female groups. The lack of asymmetry in
      gonadectomized males appeared to be due to an increase in thickness in the left
      hemisphere. Taken together these studies provide support for the idea that
      hormones of testicular origin suppress cortical enlargement in the perinatal
      period, particularly in the left hemisphere.

PMID- 3408448
TI  - Isolation-dependent enhancement of 2-[14C]deoxyglucose uptake in the forebrain of
      zebra finch males.
AB  - In a previous study (H. J. Bischof & K. Herrmann (1986), Behavioral Brain
      Research, 21, 215-221) we demonstrated that four forebrain areas of the zebra
      finch male are activated in situations which arouse the animal, for example when
      the birds are chased around the cage or when they are exposed to a female. These
      areas, the hyperstriatum accessorium-dorsale (HAD), a part of the medial neo
      hyperstriatum (MNH), the lateral neo-hyperstriatum (LNH), and a portion of the
      caudal archi-neostriatum (ANC), show enhanced 2-[14C]deoxyglucose (2-DG) uptake
      according to the experimental situation. On the basis of these experiments, we
      examined whether the activation of the areas is correlated with motor activity
      and is influenced by different isolation times prior to a 2-DG experiment, where
      courtship of the male birds is elicited by exposing them to a female zebra finch.
      For this purpose, we isolated male zebra finches for 1 day, 1 week, or 8 weeks,
      respectively, before we injected the 2-DG and exposed the birds to a female.
      During the experiment, besides other activities, the number of song motifs
      performed by the bird and the frequency of changing perches was recorded. Our
      experiments demonstrate that there is a weak negative correlation between motor
      activity and 2-DG uptake, and a positive correlation between isolation time and 2
      DG uptake. We suggest that long isolation blocks courtship behavior by some
      unknown mechanisms, and that the "internal drive" of the animal, which possibly
      corresponds with the activity of the four forebrain areas, is enhanced by
      isolation and by the fact that the birds do not perform the consummatory
      behavior. Our results also demonstrate that the 2-DG method can show up small
      differences in the internal state of an animal, which cannot easily be detected
      by behavioral measurements.

PMID- 3408449
TI  - Effect of novel and familiar mating partners on the duration of sexual
      receptivity in the female hamster.
AB  - The lordosis duration of the female golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) in
      response to novel and familiar mating partners was examined. In Experiment 1,
      females mated to the point of sexual satiation with one male hamster, and
      following its removal, showed renewed receptivity in response to the introduction
      of a second male. Upon sexual satiation with the second male, females either
      received a novel third male or were reexposed to the original male. Total
      lordosis duration in the third bout in the group receiving a novel male was
      significantly greater than in the group reexposed to the original male. In
      Experiment 2, the insertion of a 1-h delay between the second and the third
      mating partner had no effect on the female's responsiveness, regardless of
      whether the third male was the original male or a novel male. In Experiment 3,
      removal of the ovaries followed by hormone replacement treatment (40 micrograms
      estradiol benzoate, 72 h prior to testing, and 500 micrograms progesterone, 4 h
      prior to testing) failed to alter the females' ability to discriminate between
      novel and familiar mating partners. These results demonstrate that females make
      clear discriminations among individual mating partners, that this can affect
      sexual receptivity and will continue to do so following a delay of at least 1 h,
      and that the effect is not mediated by the release of ovarian steroids.

PMID- 3408450
TI  - On the nature of IgG dimers. I. Dimers in human polyclonal IgG preparations:
      kinetic studies.
AB  - Human polyclonal IgG for therapeutic or prophylactic purposes is usually prepared
      from pooled plasmas taken from more than 1000 donors. After storage in solution
      under physiological conditions for a sufficiently long period, a considerable
      percentage of dimers (approx. 10-30% [w/w] at a protein concentration of approx.
      160 mg/ml) represents the main component of aggregates in contrast to the
      essentially monomeric IgGs of monoclonal or single donor origin. Analysing the
      kinetics of monomer-dimer equilibration suggests assuming approx. 10(6) different
      antibody (ab) populations interacting independently and simultaneously with a
      specific partner of the reaction. Concerning the average apparent (functional)
      equilibrium constant of association, Kapp., a distinction could be made between
      two main populations characterized by values in the range if approx. 2.5-3.0 X
      10(10) M-1 and 1.0 X 10(12) M-1, respectively. The results were obtained by
      computer simulation, taking an association rate constant, k+1, of 5 X 10(5) M-1 s
      1 as a basis. Since the main part of the individual populations was found to
      interact Fc-independently via Fab-located binding sites, we suppose that the
      dimers are for the most part complexes of idiotypic (Ids) and anti-idiotypic abs
      (anti-Ids). Moreover, dimerization seems to be mainly a bivalent binding
      reaction, at least at the experimental concentrations. The results are in line
      with the concept of an idiotypic network regulation in man.

PMID- 3408451
TI  - On the nature of IgG dimers. II. Idiotype--anti-idiotype complexes of polyclonal
      and monoclonal origin: size distribution patterns and molecular geometries.
AB  - Electron micrographs of a fraction containing dimers isolated from pooled human
      polyclonal immunoglobulin G (IgG) suggest essentially a cyclic geometry
      compatible with bivalently associated monomers. It is obvious that such a
      structure can be produced by idiotype (Id)--anti-idiotype (anti-Id) interactions
      where the latter are able to neutralize certain combining site related Id
      functions. Accordingly, antibody (ab) activities against tetanus toxoid (tt) and
      rubella antigen (ag) were found to be almost exclusively confined to the
      monomeric molecules in preparations composed of monomers and dimers only.
      Moreover, electron micrographs of complexes prepared from a murine monoclonal Id
      as well as anti-Id reveal the presence of ring complexes, especially of cyclic
      tetramers. Gel filtration patterns of mixtures containing equimolar
      concentrations (concns) of such abs (1.6 x 10(-6) M) show, correspondingly for 9
      different Id--anti-Id pairs and therefore probably representing a more common
      feature, mainly the formation of even-numbered complexes, especially tetramers.
      That is basically in accordance to an equilibrium model developed by Archer and
      Krakauer but not from a quantitative point of view because non-ideality terms had
      not been originally included. Despite taking strain energies determined by
      Schumaker et al. for cyclic complexes of polyclonal rabbit abs and a bivalent
      hapten into account for computation of size distribution patterns, the
      predominant formation of dimers was, nevertheless, again predicted by the
      modified theory in contrast to the experimental results. Fundamental conformity
      could only be achieved by further decreasing one of the statistical factors,
      namely the ring closing factor, which theoretically influences the generation of
      cyclic dimers. Therefore, referring to the experimental results of Schumaker et
      al., we postulate a strain energy well above 700 cal/mol for cyclic dimers
      produced by interacting Ids and anti-Ids. In general, the findings confirm
      predictions based on the interpretation of recent kinetic studies.

PMID- 3408452
TI  - Cytodiagnosis with monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies against cellular antigens are of extreme specificity,
      reproducibility and in principle can be made available in unlimited amounts. In
      cellular diagnosis the application of monoclonal antibodies became already
      established. Different methods to target the reaction of these antibodies, with
      the corresponding antigens, are available and adaptable if necessary. Monoclonal
      antibodies at the first time allow application of a reagent in diagnostic
      pathology by different laboratories and of objective comparison of their results.
      Normal and malignant cells of the human hematopoietic system and of almost all
      other tissues of the human are well characterized to day by monoclonal
      antibodies, this was absolutely impossible with conventionally made antisera. The
      unique features of these reagents can be utilized to better diagnosis, prognosis
      and even systemic treatment of tumors, where the latter remains to be seen.

PMID- 3408453
TI  - Similarities in function between pancreatic tumor cells and macrophages and their
      inhibition by murine monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - Fine structural studies of human pancreatic adenocarcinomas have demonstrated
      their composition of one major secretory cell type, a mucin secreting cell. It
      was also demonstrated that pancreatic tumor cells have a high endocytotic
      activity via the regular endocytotic pathway with uptake via coated pits and
      vesicles. These findings indicate a striking similarity between pancreatic tumor
      cells and human mononuclear phagocytes. Therefore monocyte-related functions like
      endocytosis, lysosomal enzyme secretion and superoxide anion production were
      measured in various cell lines of human pancreatic adenocarcinomas in comparison
      to human mononuclear phagocytes. These functions were measured under basal
      conditions and after exposure to zymosan or immune complexes. All pancreatic
      tumor cells tested demonstrated increased endocytotic, secretory and oxidative
      burst activity to a similar extent as human mononuclear phagocytes after exposure
      to the stimuli (zymosan or immune complexes). In a further attempt murine
      monoclonal antibodies produced against pancreatic tumor cells were characterized
      in relation to their tissue specificity, the epitope recognized in in vitro and
      in vivo radiolocalization and their potential to mediate biological functions
      (e.g. antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity or complement mediated cytolysis).
      Mouse monoclonal IgG1 antibodies which specifically bind to the majority of well
      differentiated adenocarcinomas of the human pancreas as well as to human
      mononuclear phagocytes have been shown to inhibit several cellular functions
      (lysosomal enzyme release, pinocytosis of colloidal gold 198Au, and
      chemiluminescence) of those cells. Incubation of 10 micrograms/ml of monoclonal
      IgG1 antibody with pancreatic tumor cell lines or human monocytes either
      simultaneous or followed by the stimulation with zymosan (50 micrograms/ml) or
      immune complexes (100 micrograms/ml) resulted in the inhibition of lysosomal
      enzyme release and uptake of colloidal radioactive gold of both human mononuclear
      phagocytes and pancreatic tumor cells responding to zymosan or immune complexes.
      In addition those monoclonal antibodies have been found to inhibit luminol
      dependent chemiluminescence. Kinetic measurements of chemiluminescence showed a
      quick inhibition of this activity on both cell types within 1 to 3 minutes.
      Antibody F(ab')2 fragments behaved analogously to the whole antibodies, whereas
      monovalent Fab fragments were not able to inhibit any of the mentioned functions.
      When used alone the monoclonal antibodies were not cytotoxic and did not
      theirselves trigger release of acid hydrolases, did not alter pinocytosis and did
      not induce oxidative metabolism.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3408454
TI  - New immunodiagnostic systems.
AB  - Two new systems for homogeneous plasma protein immunoassays, the Behring
      Nephelometer System and the Behring TurbiTimeSystem, as well as the Behring ELISA
      System for heterogeneous enzyme immunoassays are described.

PMID- 3408455
TI  - Present status of standardization in coagulation assays for control of oral
      anticoagulation.
AB  - Recently, recommendations for the production of thromboplastins have been issued
      by International Committees (ICSH/ICTH) to achieve a standardization of
      prothrombin time assays. Following such recommendations we have standardized two
      new PT reagents based on coagulometric and photometric methods which rely on the
      same sensitive human placental thromboplastin. Both PT reagents have been
      optimized especially for use in oral anticoagulant therapy. They offer high
      sensitivity and reproducibility, accurate lot standardization and therefore
      internationally comparable values by the expression of the ISI value of each
      reagent batch.

PMID- 3408456
TI  - Generalizability of the match/mismatch model of fear.

PMID- 3408457
TI  - Reactivity to smoking cues and relapse: two studies of discriminant validity.

PMID- 3408458
TI  - Etiology and maintenance of dog fears.

PMID- 3408459
TI  - Anxiety response patterns and etiological factors in dog-fearful and non-fearful
      subjects.

PMID- 3408460
TI  - The effect of self-regulatory treatment on pain behavior in chronic headache.

PMID- 3408461
TI  - The nature of cognitions in panic disorder.

PMID- 3408462
TI  - Emotional reactions to physiological sensations: panic disorder patients and non
      clinical Ss.

PMID- 3408463
TI  - Information processing among non-clinical compulsives.

PMID- 3408464
TI  - Intrusive thoughts; unpleasantness not the major cause of uncontrollability.

PMID- 3408466
TI  - [Reoperation following lumbar nucleotomies].

PMID- 3408465
TI  - [Results of the surgical treatment of intervertebral disk displacement--a
      collective study].

PMID- 3408467
TI  - [Initial experiences with surgical correction of kyphosis in Bechterew and
      Scheuermann disease].

PMID- 3408468
TI  - [Status of joint systems in endoprosthetics of the knee joint].

PMID- 3408469
TI  - [Oblique osteotomy of metatarsus I in hallux valgus syndrome].

PMID- 3408470
TI  - [Pathologic fractures in childhood].

PMID- 3408471
TI  - [Bone scintigraphy in injuries of the epiphyseal groove].

PMID- 3408472
TI  - [Concept of treatment in scaphoid pseudarthroses and neglected scaphoid
      fractures].

PMID- 3408473
TI  - [Gorham-Stout syndrome and diffuse skeletal hemangiomatosis].

PMID- 3408474
TI  - Genetics of ocular NAD+-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde
      dehydrogenase in the mouse: evidence for genetic identity with stomach isozymes
      and localization of Ahd-4 on chromosome 11 near trembler.
AB  - Electrophoretic and activity variation of the stomach and ocular isozyme of
      aldehyde dehydrogenase (designated AHD-4) was observed between C57BL/6J and SWR/J
      inbred strains of mice. The phenotypes were inherited in a normal mendelian
      fashion, with two alleles at a single locus (Ahd-4) showing codominant
      expression. The alleles assorted independently of those at Adh-3 [encoding the
      stomach and ocular isozyme of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH-C2)] on chromosome 3.
      Three chromosome 11 markers, hemoglobin alpha-chain (Hba), trembler (Tr), and rex
      (Re), were used in backcross analyses which established that Ahd-4 is closely
      linked to trembler. The distribution patterns for stomach and ocular AHD-4
      phenotypes were examined among SWXL recombinant inbred mice, and those for
      stomach and ocular ADH-C2 among BXD recombinant inbred strains. The data provided
      evidence for the genetic identity of stomach and ocular ADH-C2 and of stomach and
      ocular AHD-4.

PMID- 3408475
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of the human theta 1-globin gene.
AB  - We have cloned and sequenced the human theta 1-globin gene. The nucleotide
      sequence and organization of the human theta 1 gene (exons, introns, promoter,
      and polyadenylation signals) are similar to those reported for the orangutan
      theta 1-globin gene. If these genes are functional, the sequences of their theta
      1-globin chains would differ by only one amino acid residue (at position 137).

PMID- 3408476
TI  - TfmLac: a second isolation of testicular feminization in mice.
AB  - TfmLac, a new occurrence of the X-linked mutation testicular feminization, has
      been isolated in a stock of mice and mapped to the same region as the original
      TfmH mutation. We compared these two mutants to determine if there are
      differences in their putative residual androgen receptors or androgen
      responsiveness. Such differences have been reported for Tfm mutations in humans.
      We found no evidence for induction of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity in
      TfmLac despite androgen treatment for up to 3 weeks. This is in agreement with
      findings for TfmH. Both of these mutants expressed small amounts of androgen
      binding activity which shared some properties with the normal androgen receptors
      in mouse kidney. The binding was distinguishable between the two mutants,
      however, as determined by hormone saturation experiments utilizing DNA-cellulose
      chromatography. These findings confirm the independence of the two mutations and
      are consistent with their being allelic: both result in severe deficits of
      androgen binding and response.

PMID- 3408477
TI  - Malate dehydrogenase isozymes in flax genotroph leaves: differences in apparent
      molecular weight and charge between and within L and S.
AB  - Ferguson plots demonstrated that corresponding malate dehydrogenase (MDH)
      isozymes of Durrant's L and S flax genotrophs differ in apparent molecular weight
      (MW) and also in net negative charge. The MW differences explain heritable
      differences in electrophoretic relative mobility (Rm) between corresponding L and
      S isozymes. The MW for each MDH isozyme was higher for L than for S and resulted
      in a slower Rm for L. The net negative charge for each isozyme was higher for L
      than for S. MDH isozymes also differ in MW within L and S. MW was lower for
      isozymes in leaves from the bottom of the stem than in leaves from the top of the
      stem, particularly in L. Integration of information on the MDH isozyme system in
      the flax genotrophs and information on the peroxidase system suggests the
      possibility that common modifier loci may control Rm in both enzymes.

PMID- 3408478
TI  - Relative mobility and activity of leaf malate dehydrogenase in flax (Linum
      usitatissimum) genotrophs and genotypes.
AB  - Malate dehydrogenase (MDH) band relative mobility (Rm) and activity were examined
      in leaf extracts of Durrant's flax genotrophs, L and S, and flax genotypes, R and
      M. MDH activity in leaves from just below the inflorescence was higher in the two
      smaller, sparsely branched plant types, S and M, than in the larger, more
      branched plant types, L and R. The MDH electrophoretic banding pattern in flax
      leaf extracts consisted of three major anionic bands, MDH-1, MDH-2, and MDH-3. No
      Rm differences were detected between corresponding isozymes of genotypes R and M.
      For the genotrophs, however, all three bands of S migrated faster than the
      corresponding bands of L. Codominance was absent in F1 hybrids; S Rm was dominant
      for MDH-2 and MDH-3 and L Rm was dominant for MDH-1. The observations suggest
      that MDH Rm in L and S may be controlled by a modifier locus (or loci). Previous
      studies indicate that a modifier locus may also control heritable genotrophic
      differences in peroxidase (PER) and acid phosphates (AP) Rm. The three enzyme
      systems are compared.

PMID- 3408479
TI  - An experimental analysis of the relationships between fitness components and
      malic enzyme genotypes in Tribolium confusum.
AB  - The hypothesis that natural selection is capable of maintaining allozyme
      variation in natural populations was tested using a species of flour beetles,
      Tribolium confusum. We selected a polymorphic locus (a locus encoding variation
      for malic enzyme) in an experimental population of T. confusum and scored the
      genotypes at this locus for a series of fitness components on different flour
      types. Measurements included survival rate, development time, fecundity, and rate
      of egg cannibalism. Flour type had significant effects on most traits.
      Significant differences among genotypes for fecundity and rates of egg
      cannibalism and the presence of genotype x flour type interactions for
      development time were demonstrated. Thus, changes in allele frequencies at the
      malic enzyme locus could in part be under the influence of natural selection. The
      existence of genotype x flour type interactions suggests that environmental
      heterogeneity could maintain allozyme variation at the malic enzyme locus.

PMID- 3408481
TI  - Science behind spices: inhibition of platelet aggregation and prostaglandin
      synthesis.

PMID- 3408480
TI  - Chromosomal locations of ten isozyme loci in rice (Oryza sativa L.) through
      trisomic analysis.
AB  - Chromosomal locations of 10 isozyme loci in rice (Oryza sativa L.) were
      determined through trisomic analysis. All 10 genes produced altered allozyme
      banding patterns in specific F1 trisomics. This served as the primary source of
      evidence for chromosome locations of Est-5, Icd-1, Acp-1, and Pgd-1. The
      locations of Amp-1, Amp-2, Amp-4, Pox-5, Got-1, and Cat-1 were further confirmed
      from segregation data in BC1 generations, as the ratios deviated significantly
      from 1:1 in the critical trisomics but agreed with the expected trisomic ratios.
      Triallelic heterozygotes were recovered for Amp-1 and Amp-2. On the basis of
      these data Got-1, Est-5, and Icd-1 were located to chromosome 1, Amp-1 to
      chromosome 2, Cat-1 and Pox-5 to chromosome 3, Acp-1 to chromosome 6, Amp-2 and
      Amp-4 to chromosome 8, and Pgd-1 to chromosome 11. Because Acp-2 and Pox-2 are
      known to be linked with Acp-1, they must also be on chromosome 6. The gene order
      and recombination values between isozyme loci on chromosomes 3, 6, 8, and 11 are
      presented.

PMID- 3408482
TI  - Determination of nucleotide sequence of cDNA coding rat glutathione peroxidase
      and diminished expression of the mRNA in selenium deficient rat liver.
AB  - The cDNA for rat glutathione peroxidase mRNA was isolated from liver cDNA library
      in lambda gt11 by cross-hybridization using the mouse cDNA, and it's nucleotide
      sequence was determined. The selenocysteine which constitutes an active center of
      this enzyme was encoded by TGA, a nonsense codon in general, as was the cases
      with mouse and human glutathione peroxidase. Northern blot analysis elucidated
      that the mRNA for glutathione peroxidase was markedly diminished in selenium
      deficient rat liver as compared with that of normal rat livers. The result
      suggested that the de novo synthesis of the mRNA would be regulated by selenium.

PMID- 3408483
TI  - Cell surface glycoconjugates control the activity of the NADH-ascorbate free
      radical reductase of rat liver plasma membrane.
AB  - Plasma membrane isolated by two-phase partition from rat liver showed rates of
      ascorbate free radical reduction by NADH of 4-5 nmoles of oxidized NADH/min/mg
      protein. This activity was inhibited 80% by ConA and up to 97% by WGA and LFA
      lectins. NADH-ascorbate free radical reductase was also inhibited in rat liver
      plasma membranes preincubated with neuraminidase or trypsin, but no additional
      inhibition was observed in the presence of LFA after enzyme digestion. It appears
      that the integrity of glucan moieities of the cell surface glycoconjugates are
      necessary for the optimal function of this activity that could be considered as
      part of the transplasma membrane electron transport system.

PMID- 3408484
TI  - A possible role for altered poly(adenosine diphosphoribose)-synthesis in the
      sensitivity of human head and neck squamous carcinoma cells to ionizing
      radiation.
AB  - Cytotoxicity, extent of DNA double-strand breaks, and stimulation of
      poly(adenosine diphosphoribose)-synthesis were measured in two established human
      head and neck squamous carcinoma cell lines (183A and 1483) following x
      irradiation. The 1483 cell line was 15-fold more resistant to x-ray-mediated
      cytotoxicity than was the 183A cell line. X-ray-mediated DNA strand cleavage also
      differed in these two cell lines with the absolute frequency of DNA double-strand
      breaks in the sensitive cells 183A cells being twice that in the resistant 1483
      cell line. No detectable stimulation of poly(adenosine diphosphoribose)-synthesis
      was measured in the sensitive 183A cells whereas a marked increase in
      incorporation of [3H]-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide was readily detected
      following x-irradiation of the resistant 1483 cells. These findings suggest a
      possible role of altered poly(adenosine diphosphoribose)-synthesis in the
      sensitivity of human head and neck squamous carcinoma cells to ionizing
      radiation.

PMID- 3408485
TI  - Retinol induces platelet aggregation via activation of phospholipase A2.
AB  - All-trans-retinol induced aggregation of rabbit platelets, and this effect could
      be inhibited by a cyclooxygenase inhibitor and a thromboxane A2 (TXA2) receptor
      antagonist, indicating an essential role for endogenously produced TXA2. We found
      a two-phase arachidonic acid release in retinol-stimulated platelets. The first
      phase was induced by the action of retinol alone and not inhibited by TXA2
      receptor antagonist. The second phase was induced via synergistic action of
      retinol and initially generated small amount of TXA2, and was inhibited by the
      antagonist. Moreover, we discussed that the arachidonic acid release may be
      mediated by the action of phospholipase A2.

PMID- 3408486
TI  - Change in binding affinities of 3Y1 secreted fibronectin upon desulfation of
      tyrosine-O-sulfate.
AB  - Desulfated form of the 3Y1 secreted fibronectin was prepared by treatment with
      arylsulfatases. Under optimal conditions, the degrees of tyrosine-desulfation of
      [35S]sulfate-labeled fibronectin by arylsulfatases from Helix pomatia (Type H-1),
      Patalle vulgata (Type V) and Abalone entrails (Type VIII) were determined to be
      55.7%, 54.9% and 76.4%. Upon desulfation of [3H]leucine-labeled fibronectin by
      Type H-1 or Type V arylsulfatase, gelatin-binding affinity remained unchanged;
      while heparin-binding affinity increased nearly 50%. Treatment with Type VIII
      arylsulfatase caused a considerable decrease in gelatin-binding and a slight
      decrease in heparin-binding affinities. Nevertheless, desulfation by all three
      enzymes consistently resulted in a dramatic decrease of fibrin-binding affinity,
      ranging from 42.1% to 64.4%.

PMID- 3408488
TI  - Hydroxylation, conjugation and sulfation of bile acids in primary monolayer
      cultures of rat hepatocytes.
AB  - Hydroxylation of lithocholic, chenodeoxycholic, deoxycholic and cholic acids was
      studied in monolayers of rat hepatocytes cultured for 76 h. The majority of added
      lithocholic and chenodeoxycholic acids was metabolized to beta-muricholic acid
      (56-76%). A small part of these bile acids (9%), however, and a considerable
      amount of deoxycholic and cholic acids (21%) were converted into metabolites more
      polar than cholic acid in the first culture period. Formation of these compounds
      decreased during the last day of culture. Bile acids synthesized after addition
      of [4-14C]-cholesterol were almost entirely (97%) sulfated and/or conjugated,
      predominantly with taurine (54-66%), during culture. Sulfated bile acids were
      mainly composed of free bile acids. The ability of hepatocytes to sulfurylate
      bile acids declined with culture age. Thus, rat hepatocytes in primary monolayer
      culture are capable to sulfurylate bile acids and to hydroxylate trihydroxylated
      bile acids, suggesting formation of polyhydroxylated metabolites.

PMID- 3408487
TI  - Isolation and characterization of three protein proteinase isoinhibitors from the
      granular fraction of horse neutrophilic granulocytes.
AB  - Three cathodically migrating protein protease isoinhibitors were isolated from
      the granule-rich fraction of equine neutrophilic granulocytes by means of FPLC
      chromatography, in addition to two previously described anodically migrating
      inhibitors. The three isoinhibitors had an identical enzyme specificity which was
      equal to the two previously described isoinhibitors; they inhibited exclusively
      proteinase K and subtilisin. The inhibitors retained their activity between pH 1
      and 12. They also were heat stable at 100 degrees C for 20 min. Neither the
      biological function of isoinhibitors nor the fundamental role of granular
      protease inhibitors of such narrow and peculiar enzyme specificity are known.

PMID- 3408489
TI  - Conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II by cathepsin A isoenzymes of
      porcine kidney.
AB  - We have reported the existence of a carboxypeptidase in a human renal extract
      that converts Angiotensin I (AI) to Angiotensin II (AII) in two steps with des
      leu-AI (dl-AI) being formed as an intermediate. Since this carboxypeptidase had
      properties similar to cathepsin A, the ability of cathepsin A to metabolize AI
      was studied. Cathepsin A was purified from hog kidney with enzyme activity being
      monitored using both benzyloxycarbonyl-glutamyl-tyrosine (ZGT) and AI as
      substrates. The procedure separated the expected large and small molecular weight
      forms of cathepsin A as well as two additional isoenzymes. All of the isoenzymes
      had carboxypeptidase activity with ZGT, AI, and dl-AI. No detectable cleavage of
      AII was observed. Cathepsin A,S (small) activity with ZGT or AI as substrate was
      inhibited to a similar extent by diisopropylfluorophosphate, mersalyl acid, and a
      decapeptide renin inhibitor. It is concluded that the renal angiotensin
      carboxypeptidase activity is catalyzed by cathepsin A. By its ability to convert
      AI to AII, cathepsin A may be a component of the intrarenal renin-angiotensin
      system.

PMID- 3408490
TI  - Effect of dexamethasone on kininogen production by a rat hepatoma cell line.
AB  - T Kininogen and High Molecular Weight Kininogen were characterized in the cell
      culture medium of Fao cells, a highly differentiated cell line derived from the
      Reuber H35 rat hepatoma. Immunoreactive T Kininogen and High Molecular Weight
      Kininogen identified by direct and specific RIAs were indistinguishable from
      standard kininogens. Immunoreactive T Kininogen was further identified by HPLC
      analysis of T kinin released after trypsin hydrolysis of the cell culture medium.
      The basal release rate of T kininogen was ten-fold higher than that of High
      Molecular Weight Kininogen. T Kininogen was not stored within the cells contrary
      to High Molecular Weight Kininogen. The production of the two kininogens in the
      cell medium was stimulated by dexamethasone up to five times in a dose-dependent
      manner. The specific antiglucocorticoid compound RU 38486 did not alter the basal
      rate of kininogen release by Fao cells, but abolished the stimulation by
      dexamethasone, indicating that dexamethasone exerts a true glucocorticoid type
      effect.

PMID- 3408491
TI  - Detection of cellular retinol-binding protein messenger RNA in the somatic cells
      of the rat seminiferous tubules.
AB  - A cDNA clone coding for Cellular Retinol-Binding Protein (CRBP) was used as a
      probe to study the expression of the gene in the somatic cells of the
      seminiferous tubules (Sertoli and peritubular cells). In this paper we
      demonstrate that these cells are actively involved in the synthesis of the
      specific mRNA. In Sertoli cells the gene is modulated by the hormones effective
      in spermatogenesis, such as FSH and testosterone. Moreover, peritubular cells
      revealed an approximately two times higher concentration of CRBP steady-state
      mRNA levels when compared with Sertoli cells.

PMID- 3408492
TI  - The carbohydrate moiety of the activator protein for glucosylceramide beta
      glucosidase.
AB  - SAP-2 is a family of heat-stable, acidic glycoproteins which stimulate enzymatic
      hydrolysis of glucosylceramide. We studied the carbohydrate moieties of a ConA
      binding form of SAP-2. The protein contained glucosamine, galactose, mannose, and
      fucose; galactosamine and sialic acid were not detectable. Sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining showed three bands of 6.5,
      8.5, and 10 kDa. After deglycosylation with peptide N-glycosidase, SAP-2 eluted
      more slowly from the C4 column and showed a single band of 4 kDa. From
      carbohydrate analysis it was evident that deglycosylation had removed more than
      90% of the sugars. These data indicate that SAP-2 possesses N-linked complex or
      hybrid type oligosaccharide chains. The specific activity of the deglycosylated
      protein in the glucosidase stimulation assay was unaffected.

PMID- 3408493
TI  - Cloning of a rabbit brain glucose transporter cDNA and alteration of glucose
      transporter mRNA during tissue development.
AB  - A full-length cDNA clone that codes for glucose transporter protein was isolated
      from a rabbit brain cDNA library by using synthetic oligonucleotide probe derived
      from the sequence of human glucose transporter cDNA. The coding region shared
      93.2% nucleotide and 97.0% amino-acid similarities with those of human glucose
      transporter and 89.4% nucleotide and 97.4% amino-acid similarities with those of
      rat transporter. Northern blot analysis revealed that glucose transporter mRNA is
      most abundant in the placenta and that it is also abundant in the brain. The fat
      tissue, heart, liver, and skeletal muscle of adult rats contained a very small
      amount of mRNA, while heart, liver, skeletal muscle and kidney of fetal rats
      contained a very high amount of glucose transporter mRNA. These results suggest
      that this type of glucose transporter might be closely related with cell
      proliferation and tissue development.

PMID- 3408494
TI  - Isolation of an activator of bilirubin glucuronyltransferase from normal and
      jaundiced Gunn rats.
AB  - A microsomal activator of the UDP-glucuronyltransferase for bilirubin has been
      isolated from lubrol solubilized and salt fractionated liver microsomes. The
      activator has been partially purified by anion exchange and molecular sieving
      chromatography and found to have a molecular weight of about 60 kDa. The
      activator is present in liver from normal and bilirubin UDP-glucuronyltransferase
      deficient Gunn rats. When tested with purified UDP-glucuronyltransferase for
      bilirubin it accelerated the conjugation rate 10 fold but with the purified UDP
      paranitrophenol transferase the rate of conjugation was increased only 1.5 times.

PMID- 3408495
TI  - Intracellular localization of platelet-activating factor synthesis in human
      neutrophils.
AB  - Human neutrophils were homogenized and fractionated on a continuous sucrose
      gradient to assess the subcellular location of acetyl-CoA: lyso-PAF
      acetyltransferase and of newly synthesized PAF (1-0-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3
      phosphocholine). Acetyltransferase activity showed two subcellular locations in
      resting neutrophils. One of them cofractionated with plasma membrane and
      endoplasmic reticulum markers, whereas another major location corresponded to a
      region of the gradient enriched in tertiary granules. No PAF was detected in
      resting neutrophils, but PAF synthesis was induced by cell stimulation with
      ionophore A23187. Most of the newly synthesized PAF was found cell-associated,
      showing a bimodal subcellular distribution similar to that found for
      acetyltransferase activity in activated cells. PAF and acetyltransferase were
      located in a light membrane fraction, enriched in plasma membrane and endoplasmic
      reticulum, and in an ill-defined region of the gradient between the specific and
      azurophilic granules in A23187-stimulated cells. These data support the
      involvement of the acetyltransferase pathway in the synthesis of PAF induced by
      ionophore A23187, and demonstrate the synthesis and accumulation of newly
      synthesized PAF in a light membrane fraction as well as in an intracellular dense
      organelle upon neutrophil activation.

PMID- 3408496
TI  - Ribonuclease A--a complete proton NMR fingerprint using TOCSY and NOESY
      experiments in water.
AB  - In our attempts to obtain total sequential assignment of the 1H NMR spectrum of
      ribonuclease A, several published water suppression techniques were tested and
      assessed. The jump- and-return sequence and its echo hybrid were used with
      considerable success in both the TOCSY and NOESY experiments on 3mM ribonuclease
      A solutions. The NMR approach used here may be of general applicability for 1H
      NMR studies of proteins in water of concentrations under 5mM.

PMID- 3408497
TI  - The protein kinase inhibitor staurosporine, like phorbol esters, induces the
      association of protein kinase C with membranes.
AB  - Staurosporine induced the association of purified protein kinase C (PKC) with
      inside-out vesicles from erythrocyte membranes. This effect was Ca2+ and
      concentration dependent, and maximum PKC translocation was observed at 50 nM
      staurosporine and 0.5 microM Ca2+, or higher. A significant effect of
      staurosporine was already obtained at free Ca2+ concentrations in the range found
      in resting cells. Under these conditions, the PKC activator 4-phorbol 12,13
      dibutyrate was by itself inactive, but enhanced translocation by staurosporine.
      Protein phosphorylation by staurosporine-translocated PKC was inhibited in the
      presence or absence of phorbol esters. Translocation and inhibition of PKC
      occurred in the same staurosporine concentration range.

PMID- 3408498
TI  - Peptide amidation: evidence for multiple molecular forms of the amidating enzyme.
AB  - Amidating enzyme extracted from porcine pituitary was separated into glycosylated
      and non-glycosylated forms by fractionation on a column of Concanavalin-A
      Sepharose. The molecular weights of the species present were assessed by HPLC gel
      exclusion chromatography, which demonstrated that both the glycosylated and the
      non-glycosylated forms of the enzyme comprise multiple components. The apparent
      molecular weights of the non-glycosylated forms ranged from approximately 35 kDa
      to 100 kDa; the glycosylated enzyme contained species with molecular weights
      ranging from 65 kDa to 135 kDa. Similar proportions of glycosylated to non
      glycosylated enzyme (approximately 1:4) were found in the anterior and posterior
      regions of the pituitary; higher proportions (approximately 1:1) were observed in
      the thyroid, adrenals and pancreas. The glycosylated forms of the amidating
      enzyme were shown to exhibit the same mandatory requirement for copper as the non
      glycosylated forms, and no differences were seen in respect of their stimulation
      by dopamine or their pH optima. Both forms catalysed the hydroxylation of
      glyoxylic acid phenylhydrazone, indicating a common mechanism of action. By these
      criteria, glycosylation does not affect the activity of the amidating enzyme.

PMID- 3408499
TI  - Discrimination between CCK receptors of guinea-pig and rat brain by cyclic CCK8
      analogues.
AB  - The properties of high affinity CCK8 binding sites of guinea-pig and rat brain
      cortex were compared using [3H]pCCK8. Large differences were observed, with the
      KD value being significantly higher in the rat (KD = 1.25 nM) than in guinea-pig
      brain (KD = 0.18 nM). Both sites exhibited different specificities for various
      CCK8 analogues, the selectivity factors KI rat/KI guinea-pig varied from 0.9 for
      CCK4 to 64 for cyclic CCK8-related compounds. Significant differences in the
      inhibition of [3H]pCCK8 binding by monovalent and nucleotides cations were also
      observed. These results could be explained by a difference in receptor
      environment or by a species difference in the proportion of CCK8 receptor
      subtypes.

PMID- 3408500
TI  - Calcium release associated with discharge of specific granule contents from human
      neutrophils.
AB  - Neutrophil discharge of calcium into the ambient medium was measured, using an
      ion-sensitive electrode, after cells were stimulated with phorbol myristate
      acetate. Dose-dependent calcium efflux was observed over the same range of
      stimulus concentrations associated with specific granule marker release. Calcium
      efflux was preserved when cells were treated with vanadate to inhibit the plasma
      membrane calcium ATPase. However, less calcium was released than in previous
      studies employing a complete secretagogue to discharge both specific and
      azurophil granule contents. These studies suggest that calcium is stored in both
      the azurophil and the specific granules of the neutrophil, and can be mobilized
      from both sites during degranulation.

PMID- 3408501
TI  - Amino acid sequence of the N-terminus and selected tryptic peptides of the active
      subunit of human plasma carboxypeptidase N: comparison with other
      carboxypeptidases.
AB  - Human plasma carboxypeptidase N was purified to homogeneity and its active and
      inactive subunits were separated. By introducing a novel technique, both forms of
      the active subunit (Mr = 55,000 and Mr = 48,000) were isolated. N-terminal
      sequencing of the active subunit of human carboxypeptidase N revealed significant
      homology with the N-terminal sequence of bovine carboxypeptidase H (43% identity)
      and to a lesser extent with carboxypeptidase A (29% identity) or carboxypeptidase
      B (18% identity). The active subunit of carboxypeptidase N was hydrolyzed with
      trypsin and 4 of the tryptic peptides were isolated by HPLC and sequenced. The
      sequences of the four peptides were homologous (39-64% identity) with regions of
      carboxypeptidase H corresponding to the middle (residues 148-175) and C-terminal
      portion (residues 321-408). These regions had essentially no homology with
      carboxypeptidase A or B. These data indicate that carboxypeptidase H and the
      active subunit of carboxypeptidase N may have diverged from a common ancestral
      gene.

PMID- 3408502
TI  - Modulation of interferon gene transcription by positive and negative cellular
      factors.
AB  - In vivo competition experiments were designed to identify the role of trans
      acting cellular factors in the virus-inducible activation of the interferon-beta
      promoter. Co-transfection of a constant amount of IFN-beta/CAT test gene and
      increasing amounts of competitive DNA containing different IFN regulatory domains
      into human epithelioid 293 cells identified a low abundance, positive cellular
      factor(s) that interacts with the IFN regulatory region. Competition of the
      factor decreases virus-induced and constitutive level expression of the IFN-beta
      promoter, and also partially inhibits expression from the SV40 promoter. Negative
      regulatory effects produced by factors interacting with the IFN upstream region (
      135 to -202) and with the SV40 enhancer were also observed.

PMID- 3408503
TI  - Antibody response of three different strains of mice to alpha s1-casein analyzed
      by using proteolytic and synthetic peptides.
AB  - The location of immunodominant regions on bovine alpha s1-casein (alpha s1-CN)
      was compared among three strains of mice (BALB/c, C3H/He and C57BL/6). Anti-alpha
      s1-CN antisera were separated 5 weeks after the first immunization. Thirty-seven
      kinds of peptides were obtained from alpha s1-CN by proteolysis, and the
      segmental 19- to 20-residue peptides overlapping with their adjacent neighbors by
      5 residues were synthesized over the entire polypeptide chain of alpha s1-CN. The
      ability of the anti-alpha s1-CN antibody to bind peptides was tested by an enzyme
      linked immunosorbent assay, in which the peptides were adsorbed to the solid
      phase. All the strains responded highly to alpha s1-CN. The immunodominant
      antigenic regions of alpha s1-CN were not common to the three strains of mice,
      the H-2 haplotypes being different from each other (BALB/c, regions 1, 3, 5, 6
      and 7; C3H/He, regions 2, 3, 5, 6, 6', 7 and 7'; and C57BL/6, regions 2, 4, 5, 6
      and 7).

PMID- 3408504
TI  - Transient increase of cytosolic free calcium in cultured human vascular
      endothelial cells by platelet-activating factor.
AB  - The effect of platelet-activating factor (PAF-acether) on cytosolic free calcium,
      [Ca2+]i, in adherent human vascular endothelial cells in culture was directly
      determined using a new fluorescent calcium indicator, fura-2. It was found that
      PAF-acether but not lyso PAF-acether induced a rapid and transient increase in
      [Ca2+]i in endothelial cells. Restimulation with PAF-acether after the first
      challenge did not cause further response, while the cells were able to respond to
      thrombin. In the absence of extracellular calcium, PAF-acether evoked a similar
      transient increase, suggesting that PAF-acether raises [Ca2+]i mainly by
      discharging calcium from intracellular pools. PAF-acether-induced rise in [Ca2+]i
      was completely blocked by a specific antagonist, BN 52021. These results suggest
      the receptor-mediated increase in [Ca2+]i as an early event in PAF-acether
      activation of human vascular endothelial cells.

PMID- 3408505
TI  - Accumulation of phosphorus compounds in tissues and cultured skin fibroblasts in
      patients with hypophosphatasia.
AB  - Patients with hypophosphatasia caused by a deficiency of alkaline phosphatase
      first showed marked accumulation of phosphoethanolamine and other phosphorus
      compounds in kidney and liver, while in placenta and intestine contents of these
      compounds were within a normal range. Furthermore, 32P-incorporation in cultured
      skin fibroblasts of patients with hypophosphatasia was increased about two to
      three times of control. FPLC chromatographic analysis also indicates that the
      accumulated phosphorus compounds in hypophosphatasia was smaller molecular
      phosphorus containing compounds. These data provide new pathophysiological aspect
      of hypophosphatasia.

PMID- 3408506
TI  - Anti-IgE autoantibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus. Prevalence and biologic
      activity.
AB  - IgG and IgM autoantibodies directed against IgE were determined in 95 serum
      samples from 67 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, by an enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay. IgM anti-IgE autoantibodies were found in 18 patients (27%)
      and IgG anti-IgE autoantibodies were detected in 23 patients (34%). The
      specificity of the immunoassay was confirmed by the ability to inhibit binding
      with IgE myeloma, but not other immunoglobulin isotypes and the demonstration
      that the reactivity was directed to the Fc epsilon fragment of IgE. The IgG
      fraction of certain sera with anti-IgE activity was capable of inducing histamine
      release from control basophils and cutaneous mast cells. Clinical associations
      with the presence of anti-IgE activity were sought by retrospective chart
      analysis of 61 patients. Significant correlation was found with articular
      involvement, lymphadenopathy, and anti-DNA antibodies (P less than 0.05). Anti
      IgE autoantibodies are observed in a significant number of patients with systemic
      lupus erythematosus and may contribute to the pathogenesis of the vascular and
      articular lesions characteristic of this disease.

PMID- 3408507
TI  - Psoriatic arthritis and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
AB  - We describe 2 patients who developed psoriatic arthritis during the course of
      acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Both patients developed skin and articular
      involvement characteristic of psoriatic arthritis; these manifestations were
      refractory to conventional therapy. Our findings suggest that psoriatic arthritis
      should be added to the expanding spectrum of musculoskeletal manifestations of
      the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

PMID- 3408508
TI  - Anticardiolipin antibodies in Lyme disease.
AB  - Sera from 28 patients with Lyme disease were tested for the presence of
      anticardiolipin antibodies (ACLA). Seven serum samples had elevated levels of IgM
      ACLA, and 4 had elevated levels of IgG ACLA. Higher IgM ACLA positivity tended to
      be associated with neurologic disease, and IgM ACLA levels correlated with the
      specific IgM response to the infecting spirochete (P less than 0.01). Absorption
      experiments indicated that ACLA and antispirochete antibodies are largely
      separate populations. Thus, ACLA may occur in patients with Lyme disease,
      particularly in those with neurologic abnormalities, and the production of these
      antibodies seems to be linked to the specific IgM response.

PMID- 3408509
TI  - Crohn's disease associated with arthritis: a possible role for cross-reactivity
      between gut bacteria and cartilage in the pathogenesis of arthritis.

PMID- 3408510
TI  - Thyroid disorders are related to secondary Sjogren's syndrome in unselected
      systemic lupus erythematosus patients.

PMID- 3408511
TI  - Correction and clarification on type of 24-hour electrocardiographic analyzers
      for ventricular arrhythmia described in a recent publication.

PMID- 3408512
TI  - [Surgery of the inferior vena cava].

PMID- 3408513
TI  - Pharmacologic management of black hypertensive patients.

PMID- 3408514
TI  - Synthesis of regiospecifically labeled [18O]glycolic acid and
      [18O]acyldihydroxyacetone phosphate.
AB  - Methods are detailed for the preparation of [2-18O]glycolate from chloroacetic
      acid and for the direct conversion of these intermediates to regiospecifically
      labeled [2-18O]-2-O-acylglycolic acids containing approximately 90% 18O at the C
      O-acyl bond. Methods are also detailed for optimization of reaction conditions
      and yields for each synthetic step in previously published methods for the
      preparation of 1-O-acyldihydroxyacetone-3-O-phosphate (DHAP) from acyloxyacetic
      acid (i.e., 2-O-acylglycolic acid), where acyl is tetradecanoyl, hexadecanoyl, or
      heptadecanoyl. The optimized reaction conditions generate 1-O-acyl DHAP in its
      acid form, both in high overall yield and in high purity, without requiring a
      final chromatographic purification of the product, 1-O-acyl DHAP. Combining these
      new methods, efficient and facile preparations of regiospecifically labeled [1
      18O]-1-O-hexadecanoyl DHAP and [1-18O]-1-O-heptadecanoyl DHAP have now been
      demonstrated, in which approximately 90% 18O is specifically located only at the
      C-O-acyl position. Some mechanistic postulates are offered to account for the
      optimized yields, regioselectivities, and high 18O incorporation which are
      observed in the reactions we have employed to generate 1-O-acyl DHAP from
      glycolate intermediates.

PMID- 3408515
TI  - Conquering cancer--primary prevention and early detection.

PMID- 3408516
TI  - Occupational health records--documentation and confidentiality.

PMID- 3408517
TI  - Back injury prevention among nursing personnel. The role of education.

PMID- 3408518
TI  - Back injury prevention. Instructional design features for program planning.

PMID- 3408519
TI  - Confidentiality--an ethical dilemma. Balancing the "duty to warn" against the
      right to privacy.

PMID- 3408520
TI  - The minor head injury.

PMID- 3408521
TI  - A study of the effect of legal settlement on post-concussion symptoms.
AB  - Forty-four consecutive patients with concussion for whom a medico-legal report
      had been written were followed up for 3-4 years after their accidents. Three
      cases were still pending at the end of the study. Fifty-seven per cent complained
      of symptoms when the medico-legal reports were written (mean interval from
      accident 12.9 months), 39% had symptoms at the time of settlement (mean interval
      22.1 months) and 34% had symptoms one year later. When these results were
      compared with a general series from the same department some years earlier, it
      was found that the symptoms at the time of writing the reports were not
      significantly different from symptoms at 6 weeks in the earlier series, but the
      symptoms one year after settlement were almost two-and-a-half times greater than
      the symptoms at 12 months in the general series. No evidence could be found to
      suggest any organic basis for the higher symptom rate in the litigation series.
      It is suggested that the litigation process itself is a factor in the persistence
      of symptoms and this effect continues after legal settlement has been reached.
      Early settlement of the cases might significantly reduce morbidity.

PMID- 3408522
TI  - Skull X-rays after trauma: are both laterals necessary?
AB  - Eighty-eight sets of skull X-rays, each showing an unequivocal skull fracture,
      were examined by a radiologist under controlled conditions to see if fractures
      would be missed if only one lateral view was included in the X-ray series. The
      fracture sets were mixed at random with four times as many normal sets of skull X
      rays and each fracture set was examined on two occasions, once with one lateral
      and once with both laterals. Two of the fractures were not visible when only one
      lateral was available.

PMID- 3408523
TI  - Penetrating eye injuries in road traffic accidents.
AB  - A review of all penetrating eye injuries treated by the Manchester Eye Hospital
      over four years (1 February 1982-31 January 1986) was undertaken. One hundred and
      ninety-six penetrating eye injuries were seen, of which 16 (8.2%) were due to
      road traffic accidents. Eight patients (nine eyes) were seen in the 12 months
      prior to the introduction of the seat-belt legislation on 1 February 1983. None
      of these patients was wearing a seat-belt whereas two of the eight patients (10
      eyes) seen after the seat-belt legislation were. Both these patients suffered
      severe visual loss due to intraocular glass from shattered windscreens. Three
      patients had bilateral penetrating eye injuries, one before and two after the
      seat-belt legislation. Two of the nine eyes involved prior to the legislation and
      three of the 10 eyes after the legislation had an eventual visual acuity of 6/12
      or better. In the majority of patients, failure to wear seat-belts or defective
      use is to blame. Flying glass from shattered toughened windscreens is a
      preventable danger. Nine of the 16 patients were first seen in the general
      accident and emergency department and, of these, seven did not have visual
      acuities recorded prior to referral to an ophthalmologist. The importance of
      measurement of the visual acuity and detection of an afferent pupillary defect is
      stressed based on these findings.

PMID- 3408524
TI  - Isolated dislocation of the trapezium.

PMID- 3408525
TI  - A 'minor' fracture of the femoral neck.

PMID- 3408526
TI  - Pneumothorax following inhalation of caustic soda fumes.

PMID- 3408527
TI  - Accuracy of detection of radiographic abnormalities by junior doctors.
AB  - This study assessed the ability of junior doctors in accident and emergency to
      detect radiographic abnormalities. Their assessments of 505 radiographs taken at
      nights and weekends over a period of 8 months and showing abnormalities were
      examined. Each assessment by a senior house officer (SHO) was compared with the
      subsequent diagnosis of a radiologist of senior registrar or consultant status.
      An error rate of 35% was found. For abnormalities with clinically significant
      consequences the error rate was 39%. Although this error rate appears high the
      results are consistent with those of earlier studies in that missed positive
      radiographs constitute 2.8% of the total number of radiographs taken in the
      period. It is considered that the proportion of missed abnormalities gives a
      truer index of SHOs' abilities. No improvement in performance was evident over
      the 6-month period of the SHOs tenure of post. It is argued that it is
      unrealistic to expect accident and emergency SHOs to acquire this complex skill
      simply through experience and that more formal training and guidance is needed.

PMID- 3408528
TI  - The use of histoacryl tissue adhesive for the primary closure of scalp wounds.
AB  - A prospective evaluation of Histoacryl tissue adhesive for the repair of simple
      scalp wounds is described. Fifty wounds were repaired using the adhesive and, on
      examination 5 days later, 49 wounds were fully healed, the remaining wound having
      only a small area of dehiscence. The advantage of this method of wound repair is
      discussed.

PMID- 3408529
TI  - Granuloma gluteale infantum: an unusual complication of napkin dermatitis.

PMID- 3408530
TI  - Second-degree heart block associated with envenomation by Vipera berus.
AB  - Evenomation by the common European adder (Vipera berus) is well known for its
      significant morbidity but low mortality. Cardiac complications tend to take
      second place to the systemic upset and usually only comprise non-specific ECG
      changes. This case illustrates many of the classical features of adder bite but
      it is also the first account of heart block as a complication.

PMID- 3408531
TI  - The haemodynamic effects of morphine.

PMID- 3408532
TI  - A severe case of hyponatraemia.

PMID- 3408533
TI  - Hand injury review clinics.

PMID- 3408534
TI  - Teaching medical students.

PMID- 3408535
TI  - Hepatitis B vaccination in United Kingdom accident and emergency departments.
AB  - Hepatitis B vaccination is not widespread amongst staff in accident and emergency
      departments in the United Kingdom. The results of a survey of departments
      training senior registrars reveal that unfounded fears concerning the safety of
      the vaccine are responsible for the low uptake. The need for vaccination, cost,
      medicolegal aspects and future developments are discussed.

PMID- 3408536
TI  - Use of isotope scanning as an aid to the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism in the
      accident and emergency department.
AB  - Twenty-five patients with a clinically suggestive diagnosis of pulmonary embolism
      were referred directly from the accident and emergency department for a
      ventilation and perfusion isotope scan. On the basis of a negative scan, the
      authors were able to discharge 19 patients. The advantages of having direct
      access to isotope imaging are described.

PMID- 3408537
TI  - The use of muscle relaxant to supplement local anaesthetics for Bier's blocks.
AB  - In searching for the 'ideal' muscle relaxant for use with intravenous regional
      anaesthesia, muscle relaxation was assessed with and without the addition of
      Atracurium to Bier's Block in four volunteers. This was followed by a clinical
      study of 36 patients with wrist fractures to confirm the drug's safety and
      examine the possible clinical advantages of using a muscle relaxant. The addition
      of 2 mg of Atracurium to the Bier's Block improved the ease of reduction (P less
      than 0.025) and the quality of analgesia (P less than 0.05) (Mann-Whitney U
      test). The authors conclude that the addition of Atracurium to a Bier's Block is
      useful in selected patients with a wrist fracture.

PMID- 3408538
TI  - The relevance of pyrexia in adults as a presenting symptom in the accident and
      emergency department.
AB  - Over a 3-month period all adults presenting to the Accident and Emergency
      Department of St Mary's Hospital, Paddington, London, England, with a pyrexia of
      37.6 degrees C or more were entered into this study. A questionnaire was used to
      document the incidence of pyrexia, the age, sex, specific diagnosis and the
      subsequent management of pyrexial patients. A total of 11,062 adults came through
      the Department during this time, of whom 834 (7.5%) were admitted. One hundred
      and eight-eight adults had a pyrexia of 37.6 degrees C or greater and, of these,
      62 (33%) were admitted. Seventy-two per cent of patients aged 45 years or older
      were admitted, compared with 22% in the younger age groups. These results were
      statistically significant for the correlation between likelihood of admission and
      age. This study demonstrates that, for patients presenting to an accident and
      emergency department, pyrexia is a useful indicator of illness which may
      necessitate admission, especially in the elderly.

PMID- 3408540
TI  - Canonical analysis of cells in normal and abnormal cervical smears.
AB  - Over 4,000 cells from 105 normal and 96 abnormal uterine cervical scrapes were
      prepared according to the UCLA monolayer procedure, stained by a routine
      Papanicolaou method and visually classified by two cytopathologists and a
      technologist into seven classes: parabasal, metaplastic, mild dysplasia, moderate
      dysplasia, severe dysplasia, carcinoma in situ and invasive carcinoma. Canonical
      analysis was used to correlate effects-coded class membership variables with 23
      cell features derived from digital image analysis. In general, nuclear texture
      measures derived from linear combinations of run-length correlations along with
      features derived from a Markov transitional probability matrix provided the best
      predictors of cell class. After cells were divided into benign (moderate
      dysplasia or less) and malignant (severe dysplasia or worse) groups, discriminant
      analysis correctly classified 84% of the benign cells and 91% of the malignant
      cells.

PMID- 3408539
TI  - The use of computerized echoencephalography after recent head injury presenting
      to the accident and emergency department.
AB  - In a review of the records of 874 head-injured patients who had an
      echoencephalogram in the Accident and Emergency Department, two patients with
      apparently 'minor' head injury subsequently developed an extradural haematoma.
      Both would have been diagnosed earlier if the results of the echoencephalogram
      had been used to influence their referral to the nearest neurosurgical department
      before the onset of any neurological deterioration. For those patients who arrive
      in the Department in coma, failure to detect any midline shift should not delay
      urgent referral for a CT scan. Such patients may be harbouring either bilateral
      haematomas or a very large single haematoma causing more than the 14-mm maximum
      shift recordable by the equipment.

PMID- 3408541
TI  - Multifactor analysis of intermediate cells from the uterine cervix. The
      importance of slide effects on variance components.
AB  - The ability to retrospectively examine cytologic material with digital image
      analysis is often desirable, particularly when long-term follow-up information is
      available for correlation with cell parameters. In an effort to characterize the
      magnitude of slide-age and staining-batch effects on cell parameters from digital
      image analysis, the cell features in 32 Papanicolaoustained cervical smears that
      varied in age from 10 to 16 years were analyzed. The slides were selected from
      eight patients sampled on four different occasions approximately one year apart.
      The findings indicate that the variance of cell features from an intermediate
      cell population within a slide is somewhat greater than is the variance among
      slides from the same woman or the variance among women. Aging effects were not
      detectable. The significant differences observed among replications of slides
      from the same woman as well as between women with no evidence of cervical disease
      should caution other researchers to account for this potential source of random
      error in their statistical models.

PMID- 3408542
TI  - Image texture features for cell nuclei based on absorbance surface curvature.
AB  - The absorbance values of a cell nucleus, as measured at each pixel location, can
      be considered as forming a surface in a three-dimensional space. The principal
      curvatures of differential geometry can then be evaluated for this surface. From
      these curvatures, two new variables are computed that, when averaged over all
      pixels in the nucleus, are viewed as image texture measures. These two measures
      were found to be effective for differentiating insect populations and compared
      well with other features used in the TICAS system. This paper presents the
      results of comparing the performance of these two features with the performance
      of other features for several populations of cells.

PMID- 3408543
TI  - Quantitative exfoliative oral cytology in iron-deficiency and megaloblastic
      anemia.
AB  - A study was undertaken to ascertain if there were any morphometric or morphologic
      changes in exfoliated oral squames in either iron-deficiency or vitamin B12
      deficiency states. The results revealed a significant (P less than .05) increase
      in nuclear area and a significant alteration in nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio in
      vitamin B12 deficiency; both returned to normal following replacement therapy. No
      changes were seen with iron deficiency anemia or non-vitamin B12 megaloblastic
      anemia. Ultrastructurally, the surface morphology showed similar features in all
      groups, with the plasma membrane forming complex folds (microplications) in three
      patterns: branching, parallel and network. The microplication widths and
      interplication distances were remarkably constant in both control and study
      groups, regardless of pattern.

PMID- 3408544
TI  - Retrospective DNa analysis of T3/T4 breast carcinoma using cytophotometry and
      flow cytometry. A comparative study with prognostic evaluation.
AB  - Tumor cells from 72 patients with advanced breast carcinoma (T3/T4) were analyzed
      for their DNA content by cytophotometry and flow cytometry (FCM). Both methods
      were able to subdivide the tumors into groups with different prognoses. Patients
      with a normal/near-normal DNa content in the tumor had a better prognosis than
      did those with aneuploid tumors. FCM measurements of DNA content gave a better
      discrimination for both survival (P = .019) and disease-free survival (P = .059)
      than did cytophotometry (P = .105 and P = .067, respectively). These results
      indicate that FCM analysis of paraffin-embedded material is a more accurate
      method than is cytophotometry for characterizing the DNA content of breast
      carcinoma cells. The method could be useful in both retrospective studies and in
      daily diagnostic work.

PMID- 3408545
TI  - Comparison of DNA ploidy in routine fine needle aspiration biopsy samples and
      paraffin-embedded tissue samples.
AB  - The nuclear DNA content was determined by flow cytometry (FCM) from unfixed fine
      needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy samples of 31 human tumors, and from the same
      tumors after their excision, fixation with formalin and embedding in paraffin.
      The ploidy of the histograms was the same in 29 (94%) of the 31 cases. The
      disagreement in two cases may be explained by clonal heterogeneity of the tumors.
      The DNA index of the aneuploid cases was identical in fresh and fixed samples.
      The coefficient of variation of the diploid peaks (P less than .001) and the mean
      percentage of S-phase cells (P = .06) were larger in the fixed samples. It is
      concluded that routine FNA biopsy is a practical and reliable method for
      collecting cells for FCM DNA ploidy determination.

PMID- 3408546
TI  - Flow cytometric analysis of paraffin-embedded material in human gastric cancer.
AB  - Flow cytometric DNa analysis was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded
      samples obtained by gastroscopic biopsy from 9 patients with histologically
      normal gastric mucosa (36 specimens) and by radical gastrectomy from 42 cases of
      human gastric cancer (120 specimens). Ploidy patterns and the distribution of
      cells in the different cell cycle phases were estimated, and the results were
      correlated with the histologic and clinical features. All samples of normal
      mucosa showed a diploid modal DNA content whereas DNA aneuploidy was encountered
      in 71.4% of the gastric tumors. The correlation between aneuploidy and histologic
      malignancy grading was statistically significant: aneuploidy was found in 36.4%
      of highly differentiated (grade 1 and grade 2) tumors and in 75.0% of poorly
      differentiated (grade 3) tumors (P less than .05). The percentage of cells in S
      phase in normal gastric mucosa (median: 5.0%) was lower than that in the tumors
      (median: 11.3%) (P less than .05). There was a trend for grade 3 tumors to have
      higher median values (median: 13.4%) than grade 1 and 2 tumors (median: 9.3%);
      however, this was not statistically significant. An aneuploid DNA pattern was
      associated with a poorer prognosis, both in early and in advanced stages of
      gastric tumors, while proliferative activity did not correlate with postoperative
      survival.

PMID- 3408547
TI  - DNA profiles in dysplasia and carcinoma of the human esophagus.
AB  - The nuclear DNA content was microspectrophotometrically measured in 16 resected
      esophagi having dysplasia, carcinoma in situ and/or early invasive squamous
      carcinoma. First, the epithelial thickness in (1) normal squamous esophageal
      epithelium and (2) dysplasia-carcinoma in situ areas was divided into three equal
      compartments (i.e., basal-parabasal, intermediate and superficial) in five cases.
      In the normal epithelium, while some of the nuclei in basal-parabasal normal
      squamous cells had elevated DNA values (corresponding to the natural DNA
      replication in these cells), intermediate and superficial (nonreplicating) normal
      squamous cells showed a more definite clustering about the 2c value. In the
      nonnormal epithelium, the percentage of cells with DNA levels exceeding the
      normal tetraploid value was highest for the intermediate zone. Therefore, in all
      16 cases, normal intermediate cells were measured as internal controls, against
      which the DNA levels of cells in the intermediate compartment in the areas of
      dysplasia and/or carcinoma in situ were compared. In areas of dysplasia, two
      different DNA patterns were observed: one clustering around the normal diploid
      region and the other with aneuploid values. While the former corresponded to some
      of the lesions considered by conventional histologic examination to be slight and
      moderate dysplasias, the aneuploid pattern corresponded to the remaining slight
      and moderate dysplasias as well as to the severe dysplasias. The possibility that
      "diploid dysplasias" are reactive (i.e., nonneoplastic) lesions due to chronic
      inflammation or are "dormant" nonprogressive dysplasias, while aneuploid
      dysplasias are more aggressive lesions, seems to be substantiated by the fact
      that all areas with carcinoma in situ or with microinvasive squamous carcinoma
      had aneuploid nuclei.

PMID- 3408548
TI  - Knowledge-engineering software. A demonstration of a high-end tool.
AB  - Many investigators wanting to apply knowledge-based systems (KBSs) as consultants
      for cancer diagnosis have turned to tools running on personal computers. While
      some of these tools serve well for small tasks, they lack the power available
      with such high-end KBS tools as KEE (Knowledge Engineering Environment) and ART
      (Automated Reasoning Tool). These tools were originally developed on Lisp
      machines and have the full functionality of the Lisp language as well as many
      additional features. They provide a rich and highly productive environment for
      the software developer. This paper illustrates the capability of one of these
      high-end tools. First, a table showing the classification of benign soft tissue
      tumors was converted into a KEE knowledge base. The tools available in KEE were
      then used to identify the tumor type for a hypothetical patient.

PMID- 3408549
TI  - Anti-tumor effect of dithiole compounds.
AB  - A series of dithiole compounds, N-(1,3-dithiole-2-ylidene)-N,N-dialkyl-ammonium
      salts, was synthesized and tested for anti-tumor activity. Most of them exhibited
      a potent cytotoxic activity against cultured cells at IC50 concentrations less
      than 1 micrograms/ml. They were also effective in increasing the life-span of
      mice bearing L1210 leukemic cells. Their anti-tumor activities both in vitro and
      in vivo were related to the length of alkyl chain moieties, among which EX-015,
      having n-decyl chains, was found to be most effective in vivo; EX-015 prolonged
      the survival time of mice implanted with L1210 cells by 69% when given once daily
      for 5 days at 0.8 mg/kg. In addition, EX-015 inhibited the RNA and protein
      syntheses of L1210 cells, but less so with the DNA synthesis.

PMID- 3408550
TI  - [Thymectomy and Ribomunyl: apropos of 2 cases].
AB  - Two cases of post-thymectomy acquired immunodeficiency are presented, together
      with its clinical and laboratory control, after stimulation with bacterial
      ribosomal vaccines (Ribomunyl).

PMID- 3408552
TI  - [Reflections on 25 failures during the immunologic treatment of 247 cases of
      spondylarthritis].
AB  - Ten per cent of 247 patients suffering from Bechterew's disease failed to respond
      as expected to "classic" immunological treatment. Amongst those treated, there
      was a distribution of H.L.A. DR groups which deviated from the central group,
      similar to the incidence observed in psoriatic arthropathy.

PMID- 3408551
TI  - [Asthma and allergens in Benin (Western Africa). Preliminary results with the in
      vitro RAST technic].
AB  - The present work studied the importance of allergy in a population of 41
      asthmatics in Benin, using specific IgE measurement by RAST. Specific serum IgE
      to different allergens has been found in 80% of all cases. Reactions were
      frequently positive when grass pollens were used and more than half of the
      patients were sensitive to mites. Standard commercial reagents were used for the
      tests. Africa-specific allergens were not used in the study, but it is probable
      that in Western Africa the same allergens as in Europe man be found, or at least
      those with common allergenic determinants.

PMID- 3408553
TI  - [Open trial on the tolerance to Rhinaaxia in allergic rhinitis].
AB  - Forty-four patients, most of them with strong symptoms, were included in this
      study of the tolerance and efficacy of Rhinaaxia in the treatment of allergic
      rhinitis. Thirty two patients had good or very good tolerance. Others reported
      nasal irritation and sneezes after the sprays and one left the study for this
      reason. The efficacy on nasal symptoms is also very clear. On the third day of
      treatment the decrease of the nasal trouble was already significant.

PMID- 3408554
TI  - [Follow-up in adolescents and adults with corticoid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome
      beginning in childhood].

PMID- 3408555
TI  - [The participating mother].

PMID- 3408556
TI  - [Pharmacokinetics of antipyrine in grade III malnourished children during the
      acute phase and recovery].

PMID- 3408557
TI  - [Mesenchymatous hamartoma of the liver. Presentation of 7 cases].

PMID- 3408559
TI  - Upstream processes: equipment and techniques.

PMID- 3408558
TI  - [Kasabach-Merritt syndrome. Presentation of 2 cases: one treated with prednisone
      and the other with aminocaproic acid, prednisone and cobalt therapy].

PMID- 3408560
TI  - Functional properties of proteins immobilized on albumin microspheres.
AB  - Bovine serum albumin (BSA) microspheres with an average diameter of 12.5 micron
      were prepared by crosslinking of BSA molecules with glutaraldehyde in the
      presence of polymethylmethacrylate dissolved in chloroform-toluene. Trypsin and
      anti-human IgG antibody were immobilized onto their surfaces by the
      glutaraldehyde-activation method. The catalytic activity and storage stability of
      the immobilized trypsin were satisfactorily high. The enzyme immunoassay (EIA)
      method using BSA-microspheres as a solid phase has a high sensitivity (the
      minimum concentration of detectable antigen in the sample: 0.2 ng/ml) and a wide
      concentration range (final concentration 0.027-3000 ng/ml) for the detection of
      human IgG.

PMID- 3408561
TI  - Influence of salts on the covalent immobilization of proteins to modified
      copolymers of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate with ethylene dimethacrylate.
AB  - In the study of the covalent immobilization of aminoacylase, thermitase, pepsin,
      trypsin, chymotrypsin, elastase, subtilisin, penicillinamidohydrolase,
      carboxypeptidase A, cystathionine-beta-synthase, and anticathepsin D-IgG to
      copolymers of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and ethylene dimethacrylate (Separon
      HEMA) containing epoxy groups a marked influence of added salts on the
      immobilization efficiency was observed. Yields in covalently bound active enzymes
      were dependent on the concentrations and type of ions added, which can be
      arranged according to the Hofmeister series. At a distinct concentration, the
      salting-out ions cause a protein-matrix hydrophobic interaction which is a
      prerequisite for the covalent bond formation.

PMID- 3408562
TI  - Cosolvent effects on gel-entrapped oxidoreductase: the glucose oxidase model.
AB  - An intrinsic problem often involved in biotransformations carried out by
      immobilized cells is the poor solubility of substrate and product in water.
      Increase in hydrophobic substrate availability to such gel-entrapped cells may be
      attained by the replacement of a fraction of the aqueous medium by water-miscible
      solvents (cosolvents). The introduction of cosolvents results in increased
      solubility, but may simultaneously affect enzymic activity and stability.
      Recently, criteria and guidelines for cosolvent selection on the basis of its
      effect on intracellular enzyme stability were reported (Freeman, A., and Lilly,
      M.D. (1987) Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 25, 495-501). In order to understand the
      impact of the preferable or unsuitable cosolvents on enzyme kinetics and
      stability, the effects of 1-5 M concentrations of a series of cosolvents (e.g.,
      ethylene glycol, dimethylsulfoxide, N,N-dimethylformamide, ethanol) on a well
      characterized, highly specific enzyme model (glucose oxidase) were investigated.
      The presence of 1-5 M of the cosolvents studied imposed 10-50% reduction in Vmax
      of the enzyme, but Km was only mildly affected (+/- 25%). This inhibition was
      attributed to cosolvent effect on small, reversible, conformational changes in
      the enzyme native structure. Determination of the rate constant of thermal
      inactivation (at 55 degrees C) of glucose oxidase, in the presence of cosolvents,
      was employed for the quantitative evaluation of cosolvent effect on enzyme
      stability. A clear pattern of cosolvent preference in respect to its denaturing
      effect was obtained, which was identical to the pattern previously observed in a
      study of oxidoreductases operating from within a whole cell. In both cases diols
      (e.g., ethylene glycol) were found to be the preferable group of cosolvents. Our
      results indicate that a soluble enzyme and an intracellular enzyme operating from
      a whole cell are affected by cosolvents via the same mechanism.

PMID- 3408563
TI  - Changes induced in antibodies by isolation methods.
AB  - IgG was isolated from plasma at low temperatures using the Cohn fractionation
      method, and then processed to three different products in order to evaluate how
      chemical and physical manipulations affect antibodies. Evaluation of the
      antibodies was done by measuring their ability to bind human immunodeficiency
      virus, cytomegalovirus, Herpes simplex virus, and rubella virus. In addition, the
      IgG products were compared by crossed immunoelectrophoresis, and circular
      dichroism and ultra violet spectroscopy. It was found that exposure of purified
      IgG to physiological pH altered the molecular conformation of IgG and induced
      various degrees of irreversible loss in antibody binding to viruses. These
      observations indicate that more efficacious antibodies may be obtained for
      clinical use if isolation at their isoelectric point is avoided.

PMID- 3408564
TI  - Osteomyelitis of the clavicle.
AB  - Osteomyelitis of the clavicle is a rare entity and can occur as a complication of
      head and neck surgery. Ten consecutive cases of the clavicular osteomyelitis were
      reviewed at the University of California Medical Center, Los Angeles, over the
      past seven years. Six cases were associated with prior surgical procedures, and
      five cases presented as chronic wound drainage. One case was related to a
      pharyngocutaneous fistula following a supraglottic laryngectomy. Four patients
      presented with acute symptoms resulting from hematogenous spread, and two of the
      four patients had Staphylococcus aureus on blood cultures. Long-term intravenous
      antibiotic therapy (six to eight weeks) was used to successfully treat cases of
      hematogenously spread osteomyelitis. Wide surgical debridement was the mainstay
      of treatment in the chronic conditions, with antibiotic therapy having a
      secondary role. Myocutaneous flaps were required in two patients who had had
      surgery and antecedent radiotherapy. To conclude, the surgeon should be aware
      that osteomyelitis of the clavicle can occur as a complication of head and neck
      procedures. In addition, the treatment of the chronic form of clavicular
      osteomyelitis is surgical debridement and possible flap reconstruction.

PMID- 3408565
TI  - Length of the styloid process of the temporal bone.
AB  - The length of 404 styloid processes of the temporal bone was measured on 246
      macerated skulls from men and women aged between 26 and 93 years. The statistical
      distribution of the styloid processes in function of their length obviously shows
      the existence of two different groups. In the first one, the length is inferior
      or equal to 20 mm, while it is superior to this value in the second one. A length
      more than 30 mm that cannot be related with age is common (29%) despite its low
      clinical occurrence. To explain the existence of short and long styloid
      processes, a variable involvement of the different segments of the Reichert's
      cartilage during the morphogenesis is suggested.

PMID- 3408567
TI  - New concept in microtia repair.
AB  - Reconstruction of the severely deformed external ear has been a frustrating
      experience for many patients and surgeons alike. Until recently, children with
      microtia (1:10,000 births) have been subjected to multiple procedures with
      frequently ungratifying results. Because of the rarity of this deformity, most
      surgeons have had little personal experience with the common problems encountered
      in microtia reconstruction. The problems of (1) proper location of the
      reconstructed ear, (2) size and shape, and (3) durability of the implanted graft
      can be prevented by adherence to newer principles and techniques. When the four
      stage reconstruction is begun at 5 years of age, an adequate and durable costal
      cartilage framework can be sculptured and implanted. Over the past four years,
      the use of these principles and techniques in 13 patients has resulted in
      gratifying results.

PMID- 3408566
TI  - New microspot micromanipulator for carbon dioxide laser surgery in
      otolaryngology. Early clinical results.
AB  - A new micromanipulator with microspot capability has been developed for carbon
      dioxide laser surgery in otolaryngology. The instrument features new infrared
      optics, which provide smaller laser spot sizes than those achievable with
      conventional micromanipulators (300 micron using a 400-mm operating microscope
      lens). The conventional red helium-neon aiming laser is replaced with a nonlaser
      fiberoptic image, and a power defocus control on the joystick manipulator
      eliminates external defocus controls. Less surrounding tissue trauma occurs with
      this new instrument by using a higher power density with average power settings
      of 1 to 2 W for cutting and ablation of tissue. Eight patients with benign
      laryngeal disease and one patient with dysplastic changes of the vocal cord were
      treated successfully without complications.

PMID- 3408568
TI  - Temporal bone histopathologic findings in drowning victims.
AB  - The human temporal bones of five drowning victims, the largest such series, to
      our knowledge, were evaluated to determine what histopathologic changes occurred.
      Thickening of the periosteal epithelium, especially on the surgical dome of the
      otic capsule, was evident in all cases. There was also hemorrhage in the middle
      ear cavity in four of the cases. In the fifth case, a cholesteatoma and ruptured
      tympanic membrane were observed, but there was no evidence of hemorrhage. It is
      proposed that an intact tympanic membrane is needed to create sufficient negative
      pressure in the middle ear cavity to cause rupture of the blood vessels and
      hemorrhage. Such bleeding is indicative of drowning when the tympanic membrane is
      intact.

PMID- 3408569
TI  - Atypical invasive external otitis from Aspergillus.
AB  - We report a rare case of invasive external otitis caused by aspergillosis in an
      elderly nondiabetic patient. Amphotericin B therapy was curative. Atypical
      features of the presentation delayed diagnosis. Early use of tissue biopsy and
      culture to guide prompt initiation of therapy is recommended. The clinical
      spectrum and microbiology of invasive aspergillosis are also reviewed.

PMID- 3408570
TI  - Diagnosis of miliary tuberculosis by examination of middle ear discharge.
AB  - Extrapulmonary foci of tuberculosis appear more frequently than in previous
      years, while the incidence of tuberculous otitis, a neglected and often difficult
      to diagnose entity, is unknown. We describe a case of an adult with miliary
      tuberculosis not initially suspected on clinical criteria, in whom the diagnosis
      of miliary tuberculosis was made by inspection of a modified Kinyoun stain of
      occult ear discharge. The significance and diagnostic problems associated with
      tuberculous otitis are briefly reviewed.

PMID- 3408571
TI  - Phaeomycotic cyst (chromoblastomycosis) of the neck.
AB  - An unusual fungal infection of the neck caused by Phialophora verrucosa
      (chromoblastomycosis) is presented. The patient acquired this fungus by cutting
      his chin on a wooden floor. Surgical and medical therapy of this unusual disease
      is discussed.

PMID- 3408572
TI  - Massive posterior epistaxis. A manifestation of internal carotid injury at the
      skull base.
AB  - Severe crushing head injuries can produce massive posterior epistaxis as a result
      of injury to the internal carotid artery at the skull base. We describe two such
      cases with traumatic pseudoaneurysm of the internal carotid therapy. They were
      managed with detachable balloon embolization. The anatomy of the internal carotid
      artery is reviewed. The diagnosis of pseudoaneurysms and their incidence,
      clinical presentation, and management are discussed.

PMID- 3408574
TI  - Computed tomography in evaluating metastatic neck disease.

PMID- 3408573
TI  - Burn scar carcinoma of the head and neck.
AB  - Carcinomas arising in burn scars are uncommon. Of the several hundred cases
      reported in the world's literature, 30% have been described in the head and neck
      region. Acute burn scar carcinoma, which occurs within one to two years of
      injury, is rare, while the chronic type, with an average latency of 35 years from
      injury to diagnosis, is much more common. Two cases of burn scar carcinoma are
      presented. Treatment is based on the histologic cell type (usually squamous cell
      or basal cell), in addition to the clinical stage. Adjuvant radiation therapy can
      often improve the results obtained with surgical excision alone. Proper initial
      treatment of burns, with early use of skin grafts, might curb the development of
      these potentially serious tumors.

PMID- 3408575
TI  - Pathologic quiz case 2. Pilomatrixoma.

PMID- 3408576
TI  - Pathologic quiz case 1. Toxoplasmosis lymphadenitis.

PMID- 3408577
TI  - Bacteriologic analysis of wound infection following major head and neck surgery.
AB  - Wound infection was studied prospectively in 23 (6.5%) of 354 patients who
      participated in a series of antibiotic trials during major contaminated head and
      neck surgical procedures. Polymicrobial infection was identified in 22 (96%) of
      23 cases. The most commonly encountered organisms were aerobic bacteria (91%),
      anaerobes (74%), and fungi (48%). All fungal infections resolved without systemic
      antifungal therapy. It was, therefore, concluded that the presence of fungus
      represented colonization. The primary treatment of an infected wound is surgical
      drainage accompanied by broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy to prevent sepsis. The
      value of postoperative wound cultures is unclear. The majority of patients who
      developed wound infection had a variety of organisms that appeared to be
      unrelated to the prophylactic antibiotic used, as well as to the particular
      surgery performed.

PMID- 3408578
TI  - Effects of Oxypherol-ET on random skin-flap survival in the swine model.
AB  - Random skin flaps are an important and frequently used technique in head and neck
      reconstruction. Fluorocarbons (Oxypherol-ET) have a low viscosity and high oxygen
      solubility that allow them to enhance the microcirculation and reduce skin-flap
      necrosis. These properties were evaluated using the swine model. Group 1 (four
      flaps) served as controls, with no hematologic or pharmacologic manipulations.
      Group 2 (16 flaps) had 20% of their blood volume removed and replaced with an
      equal amount of lactated Ringer's solution. Group 3 (16 flaps) also had 20% of
      their blood volume removed and replaced with an equal amount of Oxypherol-ET.
      Necrosis in group 1 (controls) averaged 32.6%; in group 2 (lactated Ringer's
      solution), 27.8%; and in group 3 (Oxypherol-ET), 8.34%. This study has shown a
      statistically significant enhancement of random skin-flap survival in the swine
      model with Oxypherol-ET.

PMID- 3408579
TI  - Synergistic effects of pentoxifylline and hyperbaric oxygen on skin flaps.
AB  - This study investigated the effects of pentoxifylline and hyperbaric oxygen (HBO)
      on experimental skin flaps in rats under four conditions. Sixty animals were
      randomly divided into one of four groups: (1) a control group, (2) a
      pentoxifylline- or (3) an HBO-treated group, and (4) a pentoxifylline- plus HBO
      treated group. Cranially based skin flaps were elevated on the dorsum. The
      surviving length was evaluated with fluorescein dye seven days after the
      operation. Rats that were treated with pentoxifylline received 20 mg/kg
      intraperitoneally at 24, 12, and 1 hour(s) before flap elevation and every 12
      hours after the operation for seven days. Rats that were treated with HBO
      received a total of 14 two-hour treatments at 2.5 absolute atmospheres in divided
      doses. Results indicated that the surviving length of flaps in the pentoxifylline
      or HBO-treated groups was significantly greater than those in the control group,
      but were not significantly different from each other. Animals treated with both
      pentoxifylline and HBO had significantly greater flap survival than animals in
      any of the other three groups. This reflected a 30% to 39% improvement over
      pentoxifylline alone- or HBO alone-treated animals, and an 86% improvement over
      control animals. Mechanisms of action for this apparent synergistic effect on
      flap survival are discussed.

PMID- 3408580
TI  - Effects of cleft lip and palate on the nasal airway in children.
AB  - Clefts of the lip and palate often produce significant nasal deformities and
      reduced nasal airway size. The purpose of this study was to assess how type of
      cleft affects nasal cross-sectional area and mode of breathing. The pressure-flow
      technique was used to estimate nasal airway size and modified inductive
      plethysmography was used to determine percent of nasal breathing in 60 children
      with cleft lip and palate aged 6 to 15 years. Ninety-five normal children served
      as controls. The data demonstrate that nasal size decreased among cleft types as
      follows: children with bilateral cleft lip and palate had largest airway,
      followed by unilateral cleft lip, cleft of the hard and soft palate, cleft of the
      soft palate, and unilateral cleft lip and palate. The data also indicated that
      most subjects with cleft were mouth breathers. Results of otolaryngologic
      examinations suggest that septal deformities affecting nasal valve function are
      responsible for much of the impairment, especially in the group with unilateral
      cleft lip and palate. The differences among groups appear to relate to
      developmental differences associated with the original defect and the surgical
      procedures used in primary repair.

PMID- 3408581
TI  - The pitfalls of technetium Tc 99m/thallium 201 parathyroid scanning.
AB  - Technetium Tc 99m/thallium 201 parathyroid scanning has been proved to be
      effective by multiple researchers. A review of 54 patients who underwent scanning
      and operations at an institution showed the scans to be accurate in 83%. There
      were 15% false-negative and 2% false-positive scans. The pitfalls of parathyroid
      scanning can be related to false-positives and false-negatives.

PMID- 3408582
TI  - Nonsalivary sinonasal adenocarcinoma.
AB  - Thirteen cases of primary non-salivary gland adenocarcinoma of the nasal cavity
      and paranasal sinuses were studied at UCLA over 20 years. All pathologic
      specimens were reviewed and those tumors that were histologically distinct from
      the more common salivary gland-derived tumors were included in the study. Three
      classifications were identified: well, moderately, and poorly differentiated
      adenocarcinoma. A distinct variant of sinonasal adenocarcinoma was the intestinal
      type. The clinical behavior of the latter resembled the well or moderately
      differentiated types, with behavior mainly predicted by the extent of the
      disease. These groups have prognostic significance, with the poorly
      differentiated group having the most virulent course. Nine of 13 tumors occurred
      in the ethmoid sinuses and all were aggressive locally. Only one case had distant
      metastases (nodal neck disease in a terminal case). Of five long-term survivors
      (median five-year follow-up), all had extensive surgical resections and three had
      full-course radiotherapy. The single most important factor in the treatment of
      these lesions is adequacy of surgical margins. Four of six patients with
      confirmed negative margins were cured despite extensive tumors. Three survivors
      had the cribriform plate taken and one required a combined
      intracranial/extracranial approach for tumor resection. There were no survivors
      in four patients treated with primary irradiation.

PMID- 3408583
TI  - Changes in the cooperativity of diaphragm-associated acetylcholinesterase induced
      by monovalent (Na+, Li+) cations.
AB  - Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity has been determined using homogenized rat
      diaphragm and soluble AChE from the eel Electrophorus electricus, using as a
      substrate different amounts of acetylthiocholine in the presence or absence of
      115 mM NaCl or LiCl. With LiCl the KM values derived from Lineweaver-Burk plots
      are found to be 470-650 and 1045-1425 microM without cations or with NaCl. The
      cooperativity of the enzyme is increased when cations are added to the
      homogenate, as demonstrated by changes of the Hill coefficient. With soluble
      AChE, only Li+ is able to produce this effect. Preincubation of the soluble
      enzyme at low pH (5.5) and a change to a higher value (8.7-9.4) causes a decrease
      of the Hill coefficient with Li+ only; this effect is not detected using the
      homogenate. Our results suggest the following. (i) Li+ may neutralize negative
      charges of AChE more successfully than does Na+, resulting in higher activity,
      stabilization, and cooperativity of the enzyme. (ii) The KM values calculated at
      high substrate concentrations (greater than 200 microM) indicate that the
      substrate affinity of AChE can be increased only by Li+ binding on the enzyme.
      (iii) Changes in pH can modulate the cooperativity and may denature allosteric
      sites on the enzyme that bind Li+. (iv) Membrane, cations and (or) cellular
      factor(s) may regulate the cooperativity and substrate affinity of AChE, when
      they have been affected by pH changes.

PMID- 3408585
TI  - The effect of methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine on the behaviour of lipid
      monolayers at the air-water interface.
AB  - Monolayers of DPPE and its N-methylated derivatives including DPPC have been
      investigated at 23 and 37 degrees C using a modified Langmuir-Wilhelmy surface
      balance. The monolayers have been subjected to dynamic compression and expansion,
      and some characteristics of the surfaces have been determined. The minimum
      surface tension attained by surfaces containing the lipids (maximum surface
      pressures sustained by the films) depended on the extent of methylation of the
      head group. Monolayers of DPPE or N-MeDPPE collapsed at surface tensions of 12-16
      mN.m-1, whereas those containing N,N-diMeDPPE and DPPC could be compressed to
      near zero surface tension. The areas per molecule occupied by these lipids under
      high compression varied slightly and not systematically with head-group
      methylation. Monolayers containing mixtures of DPPC and DPPE were also studied
      under the same conditions. The monolayers showed some deviation from the
      behaviour expected if they were to have characteristics of ideally mixed systems.
      The minimum surface tensions attained suggested that monolayers containing 50
      mol% or more DPPC might be further enriched during compression by some selective
      exclusion of the DPPE. At high surface pressures, some positive deviations in
      nominal areas per molecule from that expected for ideal mixing were observed in
      the monolayers made with 50 mol% or more DPPC. These deviations might be caused
      by packing disruptions associated with the explosion of lipid from the films.

PMID- 3408584
TI  - Maternal diabetes and its effect on biochemical and functional development of
      rabbit fetal lung.
AB  - The effect of maternal diabetes on functional and biochemical maturation of the
      fetal lung was studied in a rabbit model. Pregnancy was initiated only after
      diabetes had been established. Both the pregnant doe and its fetuses were
      hyperglycemic. For comparison, the fetal heart and liver were also studied. In
      the diabetic group, the DNA content was lower in the fetal heart and lung while
      the protein content was higher in all three tissues. The glycogen levels were
      higher only in the fetal lung. Glycogen synthase was higher in the fetal lung and
      heart while phosphorylase activity was higher in all three tissues from the
      diabetic group. The activities of key enzymes involved in glycolysis were not
      affected. No difference was observed in the concentration of total phospholipids
      or in the ability of the airway fluid to reduce surface tension. In contrast,
      fetal lungs from diabetic does did not expand as well as the controls and
      retained less air on deflation. These findings suggest that the utilization of
      glycogen in fetal lungs from the diabetic does was not complete and that the
      increased incidence of respiratory distress in infants of diabetic mothers may
      not be due to a lack of surfactant.

PMID- 3408586
TI  - Effect of amino acids on choline uptake and phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis in
      the isolated hamster heart.
AB  - Choline uptake by the hamster heart has been shown to be enhanced by exogenous
      glycine. In this study, the effect of neutral, basic, and acidic amino acids on
      choline uptake was assessed. Hamster hearts were perfused with labelled choline,
      and in the presence of L-alanine, L-serine, or L-phenylalanine (greater than or
      equal to 0.1 mM), choline uptake was enhanced 20-38%. L-Arginine, L-lysine, L
      aspartate, and L-glutamate did not influence choline uptake. The rate of
      phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis was unaffected by all amino acids tested.
      Enhancement of choline uptake by neutral amino acids was not additive or dose
      dependent but required a concentration threshold. The enhancement of choline
      uptake by neutral amino acids was not influenced by preperfusion with the same
      amino acid. Exogenous choline had no effect on the uptake of amino acids. We
      postulate that choline and the neutral amino acids are not cotransported and
      modulation of choline uptake is facilitated by direct interaction of the neutral
      amino acids with the choline transport system.

PMID- 3408588
TI  - First International Conference on Alzheimer Disease and Related Disorders. Las
      Vegas, Nevada USA, September 6-9, 1988. Abstracts.

PMID- 3408587
TI  - Immobilized wheat germ agglutinin separates small oligosaccharides derived from
      poly-N-acetyllactosaminoglycans of embryonal carcinoma cells.
AB  - Five pure oligosaccharides derived from poly-N-acetyllactosaminoglycans of
      teratocarcinoma cells were chromatographed on immobilized wheat germ agglutinin
      (WGA). Three of them, Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc, GlcNAc beta 1-3Gal, and GlcNAc beta 1
      3Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc, revealed only weak binding, but GlcNAc beta 1-6Gal beta 1
      4GlcNAc was bound moderately and GlcNAc beta 1-6Gal was bound quite strongly. The
      differences in the binding affinities were large enough to allow chromatographic
      separation of the five oligosaccharides into three distinct fractions in a small
      column of WGA-agarose.

PMID- 3408589
TI  - IgG response to Mycoplasma pneumoniae in patients with community-acquired
      pneumonia determined by ELISA.
AB  - In a prospective study of community-acquired, radiologically verified pneumonia,
      a solubilized mycoplasma antigen was used in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
      (ELISA) for the detection of IgG-antibodies to Mycoplasma pneumoniae in paired
      sera from 60 patients. All of the 13 patients with a positive complement fixation
      (CF) test for M. pneumoniae were positive in the ELISA, and 46 out of 47 patients
      with a negative CF test were negative. The only false positive test was recorded
      from a patient with a positive CF test for Chlamydia. Specific IgG antibodies
      were also determined in paired sera from 50 pneumonia patients, all positive in
      the CF test for M. pneumoniae, and collected over a period of 10 years. Of these
      50 patients, 45 were recorded as positive in the ELISA for IgG antibodies to M.
      pneumoniae. In the prospective as well as in the retrospective study, the time
      for admission to hospital after onset of disease showed considerable variation (1
      14 days), with the consequence that high titers were recorded in the CF as well
      as in the ELISA in some of the first serum samples. A tendency to earlier
      detection of significant titers was noted in the CF test as compared to the
      ELISA.

PMID- 3408590
TI  - Intramucosal cysts of the stomach. VIII: Histochemical studies.
AB  - Intramucosal cysts of the human stomach have been earlier classified on the basis
      of their epithelial lining into 1. fundic, 2. foveolar, 3. pyloric, 4. with
      intestinal metaplasia and 5. with ciliated metaplasia. Four histochemical methods
      (high iron diamine (HID)-Alcian blue pH 2.5 (AB), PAS, Concanavalin A (ConA), and
      Grimelius reaction were used. The cells of foveolar cysts contained neutral
      mucins and sialomucins, and those of pyloric cysts, neutral mucins, sialomucins,
      mannose-rich glycoprotein and argyrophilic material. The goblet cells in
      intestinal metaplastic cysts contained neutral mucins and sialomucins as well as
      sulphated mucins, while ciliated cells in ciliated metaplastic cysts demonstrated
      mannose-rich glycoproteins and argyrophilic material (although some ciliated
      cells were negative for both). The cells of fundic gland cysts were negative for
      all tested methods. The frequency of intramucosal gastric cysts is known to be
      high in stomachs having adenocarcinoma, and low in stomachs with peptic ulcers.
      Several reports have demonstrated alterations in the composition of gastric
      mucins in stomachs harbouring an adenocarcinoma. Consequently, the histochemical
      stains may prove of value to investigate the true significance of intramucosal
      cysts in gastric carcinogenesis.

PMID- 3408591
TI  - Accumulation and elimination of particulate iodipamide ethyl ester in the lungs
      and kidneys of the rat. A morphological study.
AB  - Particulate iodipamide ethyl ester, a new hepatolienographic x-ray contrast
      agent, was intravenously injected into rats. Lung and kidney biopsies taken at
      various intervals after the injection were examined by light and electron
      microscopy. IDE particles could be found in the lung capillaries phagocytized by
      polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs). There were also free particles in the
      alveolar capillaries in the samples taken 5 min to 4 hours after the injection.
      No aggregates or emboli were seen. Two days or more after the injection no intra-
      and extracellular particles were present. The PMNs underwent transient local
      hydropic degeneration; the lung cells were morphologically intact. In the
      kidneys, the particles first appeared in both cortical and medullary capillaries.
      No emboli were observed. The kidney cells did not ingest IDE, but
      polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) with ingested IDE were often seen loosely
      attached to the glomerular capillary walls. In addition, free particles were
      evident in the capillaries in the samples taken up to 1 hour after injection. All
      particles in subsequent kidney samples were located in PMNs in the glomeruli.
      After three or more days the renal tissue was totally devoid of particulate IDE.
      No morphological evidence of kidney cell injury was observed.

PMID- 3408592
TI  - [Composition of the complex lipids of Flavobacterium meningosepticum].
AB  - The free lipids of Flavobacterium meningosepticum were separated by thin layer
      chromatography, and the main lipid fractions were analysed by FAB (fast atom
      bombardment) mass spectrometry. The major products were di-iso-C15- and iso-C15
      iso-C17-phosphatidylethanolamine, and two ninhydrin + and phosphorus- fractions.
      The structures of the latter two fractions were established as ornithine lipids
      by using MIKE (mass ions kinetic energy) mass spectrometry, GC/MS (gas
      chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry) and conventional methods. The
      presence of small amounts of sphingolipids with C17- and C16-sphinganines was
      demonstrated. F. meningosepticum can be distinguished from F. multivorum and F.
      spiritivorum by easy characterization of the ornithine lipids by thin layer
      chromatography.

PMID- 3408593
TI  - Bacillus sphaericus asporogenous mutants: morphology, protein pattern and
      larvicidal activity.
AB  - Asporogenous mutants from Bacillus sphaericus strains 2297 and 1593-4, blocked at
      different stages of the sporulation process, were isolated. Two mutants (2297
      Aspo30A and 2297 Aspo34) which were blocked early in sporulation did not possess
      any crystalline inclusions and were poorly toxic to Culex pipiens mosquito
      larvae. Other mutants (2297 Aspo115, 2297 Aspo24 and 1593-4 Aspo12) which were
      blocked at later stages synthesized crystal-like inclusions next to the
      forespores, and were highly toxic to mosquito larvae. Electrophoretic protein
      analysis of alkali extracts from mutants and wild type strains confirmed the
      absence of toxic crystal-related proteins in early-blocked mutants and their
      presence in later ones. Western blots with antisera directed against the crystal
      proteins confirmed those observations.

PMID- 3408594
TI  - [Enumeration and size of planktonic bacteria determined by image analysis coupled
      with epifluorescence].
AB  - The interest of the image analysis procedure is the time-saving in automated
      planktonic bacterial counting and sizing, with the possibility of manual visual
      field control at all times. Bacterial biomass (in number and volume) and
      bacterial projected area histograms were determined with a microcomputer.
      Performance limits of image-analysed epifluorescence microscopy were: camera
      sensitivity, considering the very low fluorescence levels on stained bacteria;
      pixel-micron conversion factor, and the impossibility of the apparatus
      distinguishing between bacteria and fluorescent small particles. This method is
      not of interest for counting sediment bacteria.

PMID- 3408595
TI  - Cell-cell interactions in the osteogenic compartment of bone.
AB  - The interactions between two different cell populations within the osteogenic
      compartment have been examined. The proliferation of periosteal fibroblasts (PF)
      in the presence or absence of osteoblast-like cells (OB), whose proliferative
      capacity was inhibited by irradiation, was measured. OB stimulated [3H]thymidine
      incorporation in PF and parathyroid hormone (PTH) enhanced the stimulation. In
      the reverse situation, however, PF inhibited OB. Irradiated OB also stimulated 3H
      thymidine incorporation in OB, and irradiated PF in PF, but both to a lesser
      extent. Co-culture experiments showed that direct cell-cell contact was a
      prerequisite for stimulation of PF. Medium mediated contact between physically
      separated OB and PF did not stimulate, but rather inhibited PF proliferation.
      These results demonstrate that OB regulate the proliferation of cells in the PF
      population and can transmit the proliferation stimulating message of PTH to PF.
      This implies that in vivo the mature osteoblast may play a pivotal role in the
      (hormonal) regulation of osteoprogenitor cell proliferation and therefore bone
      formation.

PMID- 3408596
TI  - A morphologic study of osteoclasts isolated from osteopetrotic microphthalmic
      (mi/mi) mouse and human fetal long bones using an instrument permitting
      combination of light and scanning electron microscopy.
AB  - Cell surface structures of isolated osteopetrotic (mi/mi) and normal murine (+/+
      and +/mi) and human osteoclasts were examined in a microscope combining light and
      scanning electron microscopy (LM/SEM). Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TrAP)
      was used as an histochemical osteoclast marker. In osteopetrotic bone, as in
      normal murine bone, TrAP activity was exclusively seen in osteoclasts and
      preosteoclasts and was therefore judged a suitable marker for identification of
      isolated osteoclasts. A method was developed for preparation of LM/SEM specimens
      from osteoclast-enriched cell suspensions. In the LM/SEM isolated osteoclasts
      were easily recognized in the LM mode by TrAP contents. In specimens prepared
      from murine cells, but not human cells, LM identification of osteoclasts by TrAP
      was essential. This was in particular true for small, mononuclear, mi/mi
      osteoclasts. All osteoclasts examined had a villous appearance and were well
      spread over the glass substrate. There were no differences in cell surface
      morphology and in adherence to glass between osteopetrotic and normal
      osteoclasts.

PMID- 3408597
TI  - Lymphography and computed tomography in lymph node metastases from malignant
      melanoma.
AB  - Contrast lymphography and regional computed tomography (CT) were performed prior
      to lymph node dissection in 49 patients with clinical suggestion of lymph node
      metastases from malignant melanoma. The overall specificity and sensitivity for
      lymphography was 62% and 70%, respectively, and for CT 83% and 70%, respectively.
      There was 67% concordance of the radiologic reports. The combined modality
      sensitivity and specificity were 79% and 84%, respectively. Clinical lymph node
      examination was poor in accurately diagnosing lymph node involvement with
      melanoma (42% true positive, 58% false positive). Lymphography produced too many
      false negative and false positive reports to be of value in detecting lymph node
      metastases on its own. CT was slightly superior to lymphography in correctly
      predicting the lymph node status of the upper extremity. The present clinical and
      radiologic techniques would seem to be inadequate for detecting lymph node
      metastases in malignant melanoma.

PMID- 3408598
TI  - Image quality in radiography of midfacial trauma.
AB  - Image quality in radiography of midfacial trauma was studied in 618 patients
      treated for midfacial injury. The visibility of key anatomic areas was related to
      essential technical factors influencing image quality as well as to the
      radiologic diagnostic performance. Regression analysis revealed that the
      visibility of the key anatomic areas was significantly dependent on the technical
      factors. However, the radiologic diagnostic performance was not significantly
      dependent on the visibility of the key anatomic areas. The results indicate that
      image quality was not a limiting factor for radiologic diagnostic performance in
      midfacial trauma.

PMID- 3408599
TI  - Computed tomography of the oropharynx in obstructive sleep apnea.
AB  - Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) is currently the preferred method for treatment
      of the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). However, only 50 per cent of the
      patients operated upon are cured by this surgical procedure, and there is a
      demand for better and more objective selection criteria. Computed tomography (CT)
      of the oropharynx was obtained in 32 consecutive adult patients with proven OSAS.
      An additional 15 patients with the same complaints, but without objective
      evidence of OSAS, were used as a control group, together with 20 normal subjects.
      The axial widths of the tongue and the genioglossus and hyoglossus muscles were
      measured by CT. Both the tongue and genioglossus widths were significantly larger
      in the OSAS patients than in the two control groups (p less than 0.001). The
      increased tongue width will cause encroachment of the oropharyngeal airway below
      the level of the soft palate. Thus, CT can be used to measure the tongue size in
      order to evaluate its predictive value for the outcome of the UPPP procedure.

PMID- 3408600
TI  - Cineradiography in closed and open pharyngeal swallow.
AB  - The pattern of swallowing by which the oral bolus reaches an air-containing
      oropharynx is called an 'open swallow' whereas the sequence in which the
      oropharynx is collapsed on the arrival of the bolus is called a 'closed swallow'.
      The significance of this distinction was further analyzed by a correlation with
      other laryngeal and pharyngeal functions during swallowing in a cineradiologic
      study in 75 dysphagic patients and 50 asymptomatic volunteers. The relative
      incidence of open and closed type swallows was similar in the two groups. The
      maximum elevation of the pharynx and larynx was the same in open and closed
      swallow, although in individuals with an open swallow the elevation occurred
      later than in individuals with a closed swallow. Epiglottic movement
      disturbances, defective closure of the laryngeal vestibule, pharyngeal
      constrictor muscle paresis, cricopharyngeal incoordination, cervical esophageal
      webs and Zenker diverticula were significantly more common in individuals with an
      open pharyngeal swallow than in those with closed swallowing.

PMID- 3408601
TI  - Chest radiography in acute traumatic rupture of the thoracic aorta.
AB  - Of 123 patients who had suffered blunt trauma to the chest traumatic aortic
      rupture was eventually confirmed in 61 and absent in 62 patients. The chest
      radiographs of these patients were examined for 15 signs reported in the
      literature as being associated with traumatic aortic rupture. Although many
      individual signs were significantly more frequent in the aortic rupture group
      they were not useful in differentiating between patients with and those without
      rupture of the aorta. By using discriminant analysis combining 2 or 3 signs,
      patients were classified as having aortic rupture or not. The best discrimination
      between the two groups was obtained using the combined signs of a widened
      paratracheal stripe, an opacified pulmonary window, a widened right paraspinal
      interface and a displaced nasogastric tube.

PMID- 3408602
TI  - Cardiac output determination during intravenous cardioangiography using x-ray
      fluorescence analysis.
AB  - Cardiac output was determined with an indicator dilution technique during digital
      venous angiography of the left ventricle in 11 patients. The contrast medium
      injected into the right atrium was used as indicator. During and after the
      injection of contrast medium one blood sample per second was obtained through a
      catheter placed in the descending aorta. The samples were analyzed for iodine
      content with x-ray fluorescence analysis and cardiac output determined ad modum
      Stewart-Hamilton. Thermodilution was used as a reference method. The results
      indicate that the indicator dilution method with the use of contrast medium might
      be used for calibration of videodensitometric methods for blood flow
      measurements.

PMID- 3408604
TI  - Computed tomography of invasive bladder carcinoma after diagnostic transurethral
      resection.
AB  - Fourteen patients with known muscle invasive bladder carcinoma were examined with
      computed tomography (CT) before and five to seven days after diagnostic
      transurethral resection (TUR). The CT examinations included pre- and postcontrast
      series. In order to standardize the technique, we examined on a distended
      bladder. No significant changes occurred for the whole group after TUR.
      Individual changes were seen. In six patients the largest measured area of the
      bladder tumor increased after resection and in four the largest measured
      thickness increased, and this should be borne in mind when CT is used to evaluate
      tumor response to treatment. Perivesical changes occurred only after extensive
      diathermy or perforation. They did not show contrast enhancement and could
      therefore not be mistaken for tumor growth.

PMID- 3408603
TI  - Inferior phrenic artery embolization in the treatment of hepatic neoplasms.
AB  - Twenty-nine inferior phrenic artery embolizations were performed in 20 patients
      with primary or metastatic hepatic neoplasms. All patients had interruption of
      their hepatic arteries by previous infusion of chemotherapy, hepatic arterial
      embolization or surgical ligation. In one patient, bilateral pleural effusions
      developed following embolization of the inferior phrenic artery. No other severe
      complications occurred. Inferior phrenic artery embolization is a safe procedure
      and permits the continuation of transcatheter treatment of hepatic neoplasms.

PMID- 3408605
TI  - Position, orientation and component interaction in dislocation of the total hip
      prosthesis.
AB  - The position, orientation in space and interaction of prosthetic components was
      determined in 15 patients with known episodes of dislocation after total hip
      replacement. The same calculations were performed in a reference group of 44
      patients without dislocation. In the group with dislocations, there was a
      significantly decreased femoral anteversion, and a decreased femoral flexion
      permitted by the prosthetic components. There were no further significant
      differences of clinical relevance between the groups concerning all other
      examined parameters of component position, orientation and interaction. It is
      concluded that the decreased range of flexion, caused by impingement of the
      prosthetic components with ensuing leverage effect is one cause of dislocation.

PMID- 3408606
TI  - Pain as an indicator of bone metastasis.
AB  - Patients with breast or prostate cancer routinely referred for bone scintigraphy
      were evaluated for the presence of skeletal pain, as determined by a self
      administered questionnaire. Pain was a common finding, whether or not metastatic
      disease was present, and occurred in over half of patients. Although most
      patients with bone metastases did report bone pain, a significant fraction (21%
      of breast and 22% of prostate patients) were asymptomatic. A distinct minority of
      individual anatomic regions of metastasis were painful: pain was reported in 23%
      of sites of breast metastases and 15% of metastatic prostate cancer sites. Of all
      sites at which pain was present, metastases were demonstrated in only about one
      half. These results indicate that pain is not a reliable indicator of the
      presence of location of metastatic bone disease.

PMID- 3408607
TI  - Radiography and scintigraphy in the assessment of early gonarthrosis.
AB  - The radiographic and scintigraphic appearances in early gonarthrosis were
      compared in 62 knees. Early femorotibial osteoarthrosis was found to be confined
      to one compartment (medial or lateral) of the joint. However, concomitant
      patellofemoral osteoarthrosis was common. 99Tcm-MDP scintigraphy was consistently
      positive when the joint space (femorotibial and patello-femoral) was reduced by
      75 per cent or more. Joint space narrowing by as much as 50 per cent could be
      observed in a scintigraphically normal knee. The inconsistency between the
      radiologic and scintigraphic findings in the earliest stages of gonarthrosis
      points to the importance of appropriate radiographic technique.

PMID- 3408608
TI  - Triple-photon energy absorptiometry in the measurement of bone mineral.
AB  - The feasibility of determination of bone mineral content using a triple-photon
      absorptiometric technique is presented. Using three different photon energies it
      is possible to correct the measured 'bone mineral' value for fat and lean soft
      tissue. The theoretical basis of the method, as well as the experimental
      determination of mass attenuation coefficients, is described. It is shown that
      the results are reproducible within 5 per cent, which means that the method could
      be of value in the management of metabolic bone diseases.

PMID- 3408609
TI  - Bone mass determination from microradiographs by computer-assisted
      videodensitometry. I. Methodology.
AB  - The mass of hard-tissue specimens is assessed by optimised microradiography
      followed by computer-assisted videodensitometry. Radiographs are produced with 27
      kV roentgen radiation, filtered through 0.5 to 1 mm of aluminium, on high
      resolution glass plates. Aluminium step wedges are used for density calibration,
      the result being expressed as 'aluminium equivalent mass'. The plates are
      subjected to digital image analysis by an operator in interaction with a computer
      based image processor, a television camera being used for image input. The
      program stored in the computer provides calibration of geometry and--via the step
      wedge images--of densitometry, background adjustment, etc. Measurement takes
      place by integration over the specimen-image area. No assumptions being needed
      concerning a specific attenuation model, the errors stemming from the common
      presumption of exponential attenuation are eliminated. Density profiles or maps
      of mass distribution are readily obtained from the computer. From measurements of
      aluminium phantom samples, the total random error (coefficient of variation) was
      determined at 1.8 per cent, the microradiographic and videodensitometric
      procedures contributing 1.6 per cent and 0.9 per cent, respectively, whereas the
      systematic error was negligible. Since specimens need not be sectioned, this
      method does not interfere with subsequent histologic preparation.

PMID- 3408610
TI  - Evaluation of biexponential relaxation processes by magnetic resonance imaging. A
      phantom study.
AB  - Despite the complexity of biologic tissues, a monoexponential behaviour is
      usually assumed when estimating relaxation processes in vivo by magnetic
      resonance imaging (MRI). This study was designed to evaluate the potential of
      biexponential decomposition of T1 and T2 relaxation curves obtained at 1.5 tesla
      (T). Measurements were performed on a phantom of bicompartmental perspex boxes
      with combinations of different CuSO4 concentrations. T1 determination was based
      on a 12-points partial saturation inversion recovery pulse sequence. T2
      determination was provided by a multiple spin echo sequence with 32 echoes.
      Applying biexponential curve analysis, a significant deviation from a
      monoexponential behaviour was recognized at a ratio of corresponding relaxation
      rates of about 3 and 2, estimating T1 and T2 relaxation, respectively (p less
      than 0.01, F-test). Requiring an SD less than or equal to 10 per cent for each
      set of parameters, the biexponential model was accepted when this ratio exceeded
      a factor of 5 and 8, respectively. Referring to 'expected' T1 and T2 values,
      however, an accuracy within 20 per cent only was observed at ratios of at least 6
      and 15. It is concluded that quantitative estimation of individual and specific
      relaxation components in complex biologic tissues by MRI may prove very
      difficult.

PMID- 3408611
TI  - Survey of dental radiographic equipment and radiation doses in Finland.
AB  - The radiation dose exposure, and the faults in about 1,700 dental units inspected
      at dental surgeries by the Finnish Centre for Radiation and Nuclear Safety in
      1981-1985, were analysed. The mean value of skin doses in the bite-wing
      projection was about 6.2 mGy, the range 0.5 to 151 mGy. The mean energy imparted
      per bite-wing examination was estimated as 0.68 mJ and that per panoramic
      examination as 1.2 mJ. That gives a total imparted energy of about 600 J per year
      for conventional dental examinations and about 420 J per year for panoramic
      examinations. This gives a total of 0.13 mJ from conventional and 0.089 mJ from
      panoramic examinations per inhabitant per year. The collective effective dose
      equivalent was calculated as about 9 manSv for conventional dental examinations
      and about 6 manSv for panoramic examinations. Twenty per cent of units had some
      fault which was capable of decreasing radiation safety. Forty per cent of units
      were served reparation orders or other remarks were made in inspection documents.
      Large doses were usually accounted for by incorrect film processing and
      malfunction of the exposure timer.

PMID- 3408612
TI  - Effect of iohexol and diatrizoate on pulmonary arterial pressure following
      pulmonary angiography. A clinical comparison in man.
AB  - A clinical comparison of the effects on pulmonary arterial pressure produced by
      iohexol and diatrizoate, following selective pulmonary angiography, was made in
      17 patients with a normal pressure before the injection of the contrast medium. A
      double blind crossover study was performed and each contrast medium was
      administered in random order. The pulmonary arterial pressure was continuously
      recorded before, during and after the injection for 3 minutes. The effect of
      iohexol on the pulmonary arterial pressure was significantly less than that of
      diatrizoate. The results indicated that iohexol should be better tolerated than
      diatrizoate and therefore a safer contrast medium for selective pulmonary
      angiography.

PMID- 3408613
TI  - Effects of intravenous injection of diatrizoate, iohexol or ioxilan on renal
      size, urine profiles and blood profiles in the rabbit.
AB  - Diatrizoate, iohexol or ioxilan were injected intravenously in 18 rabbits. The
      contrast medium passage through the kidneys was recorded on digital subtraction
      images for the first 50 s followed by 100 mm exposures up to 15 min after
      injection. The renal area was measured planimetrically. Urine profiles (glucose,
      phosphate, LDH, GGT, NAG), blood profiles (potassium, urea) and the relative
      clearance of albumin and sodium were followed for 5 days and compared with a
      control group injected with saline. All kidneys were examined by light and
      immunofluorescence microscopy. All three contrast media produced excellent
      arteriograms and urograms. The three different contrast media caused a rapid
      increase of the kidney area within the first minute, reaching an average maximum
      of 10 to 12 per cent after 5 min, followed by a gradual decline. Contrary to
      expectations the increase in renal area was similar for all three contrast media,
      so hyperosmolality is no likely explanation of this phenomenon. None of the
      contrast agents caused significant changes in any of the profile components with
      one exception: the GGT excretion was significantly elevated during the first 24 h
      after diatrizoate administration as compared with the effect of saline. Light and
      immunofluorescence microscopy revealed no differences.

PMID- 3408614
TI  - Computed tomography in patients with dementia probably due to toxic
      encephalopathy.
AB  - Computed tomography (CT) was performed in 181 patients with dementia probably
      caused by organic solvents. No treatable causes of dementia were revealed. All
      but one of the patients had dementia symptoms for more than one year. Only three
      patients had focal neurologic signs. No indication for cranial CT was found in
      this group of patients, owing to the fact that no treatable causes of dementia
      were revealed.

PMID- 3408615
TI  - Time course of ventricular arrhythmias and the signal averaged electrocardiogram
      in the post-infarction period: a prospective study of correlation.
AB  - The incidence and time course of complex ventricular arrhythmias and of the
      abnormal signal averaged electrocardiogram were studied prospectively in 90
      patients in the first two months after acute myocardial infarction. Serial
      recordings of both 24 hour ambulatory and signal averaged electrocardiograms were
      obtained 0-5 days (phase 1), 6-30 days (phase 2), and 31-60 days (phase 3) after
      infarction. A total of 264 ambulatory electrocardiograms and 264 signal averaged
      electrocardiograms were available for analysis. Complex ventricular arrhythmias
      were seen in 31%, 17%, and 38% of patients during phases 1, 2, and 3
      respectively, and abnormal signal averaged electrocardiogram in 13%, 24%, and
      16%. The incidence of complex ventricular arrhythmias was not significantly
      different in patients with or without an abnormal signal averaged
      electrocardiogram in the entire study period nor in any of the three phases after
      infarction. During phase 2 when abnormal signal averaged electrocardiograms were
      most common complex ventricular arrhythmias were least common. This lack of
      correlation suggests that the abnormal signal averaged electrocardiogram and
      complex ventricular arrhythmias after infarction have different
      electrophysiological bases.

PMID- 3408616
TI  - Diastolic properties of the normal left ventricle during supine exercise.
AB  - Diastolic function in response to dynamic exercise was studied by biplane left
      ventriculography and by measuring left ventricular pressure with a high fidelity
      micromanometer tipped catheter at rest and during supine bicycle exercise in nine
      normal subjects. During exercise there was a fall in end systolic volume, in the
      time constant of left ventricular isovolumic pressure decay, and in the lowest
      diastolic pressure. Stroke volume, peak filling rate, mean passive filling rate,
      and the volume at the lowest diastolic pressure increased. There was an increase
      in the number of time constants that had elapsed before the lowest diastolic
      pressure was reached and the slope of the pressure-volume curves during passive
      filling (delta P/delta V) increased without changes in end diastolic pressure and
      volume. These results show that during exercise elastic recoil is enhanced and
      left ventricular relaxation is faster and more complete. Both phenomena reduce
      the lowest diastolic filling pressure. The observed increase in chamber stiffness
      from rest to exercise is probably related to increased resistance of the left
      ventricular wall caused by higher passive filling rates. The enhanced early
      diastolic pressure decay during exercise allows stroke volume to increase despite
      an increase in diastolic viscoelastic resistance and chamber stiffness.

PMID- 3408617
TI  - The ST segment of the ambulatory electrocardiogram in a normal population.
AB  - The behaviour of the ST segment in everyday life was studied by ambulatory
      electrocardiography in 111 normal volunteers. Fifteen were excluded because of
      abnormal exercise responses (10 subjects) and significant postural ST segment
      shifts (five subjects). This left 62 men and 34 women, mean (SD) age 40.5 (12.6)
      years (range 20-67 years). Ambulatory monitoring of leads CM5 and CC5 for 24
      hours was followed by a maximal treadmill exercise test. The tapes of the
      ambulatory monitoring were analysed by a computer aided system. The computer
      printed trend plots of the ST segment (measured both at the J point and at J + 60
      ms) to detect episodes of ST segment elevation and depression, which were
      confirmed by visual analysis of real time printouts. Twelve subjects showed
      "ischaemic" ST segment depression and nine subjects showed ST segment elevation.
      Eight people with ambulatory ST segment changes were studied during exercise by
      radionuclide ventriculography and thallium-201 imaging scans. Although seven of
      the eight thallium studies were normal, radionuclide ventriculography showed
      functional impairment in five cases. Seven of the 10 subjects with abnormal
      exercise tests were similarly investigated and their results followed the same
      pattern, with normal thallium images in six and functional impairment in four.
      Ambulatory electrocardiography was repeated in 20 people after a median of 20
      days. The ST segment changes were reproducible. ST segment changes of an
      apparently ischaemic nature occur even in a carefully defined normal population
      but they do not necessarily represent latent clinically significant coronary
      artery disease. This indicates that ST segment changes seen in patients with
      known obstructive coronary artery disease should be interpreted with caution.

PMID- 3408618
TI  - A new technique for the assessment of pulmonary regurgitation and its application
      to the assessment of right ventricular function before and after repair of
      tetralogy of Fallot.
AB  - Biplane right ventriculograms with simultaneous high fidelity pressure recordings
      were obtained in 24 patients with tetralogy of Fallot. Twelve patients were
      studied before repair and 12 were studied 67 (42) months after radical surgical
      repair without the use of a transannular patch. In the patients who had repair
      right ventricular end diastolic and end systolic volume indices were higher, and
      the ejection fraction was lower. Time to peak ventricular filling and the peak
      rate of ventricular fillings were also lower in this group and there was a
      significant relation between peak filling rate and ejection fraction.
      Postoperative pressure-volume loops from nine patients showed an increase in
      cavity volume during the decline in right ventricular pressure, which indicated
      pulmonary regurgitation. The mean regurgitant volume for the group correlated
      with end diastolic volume index, stroke volume index, and peak filling rate, but
      not with ejection fraction. These data show that both systolic and diastolic
      abnormalities of right ventricular function are detected in most patients after
      radical repair of tetralogy of Fallot. The reduction of ejection fraction
      previously reported in these patients is unrelated to the degree of pulmonary
      regurgitation and primarily reflects an impairment of contractile function that
      presumably is related to intraoperative events.

PMID- 3408619
TI  - Hypoplastic left heart syndrome and 45X karyotype.
AB  - A review of 63 patients with 45X karyotype (Turner's syndrome) admitted to a
      hospital from 1972 to 1985 showed that 20 (32%) had one or more major cardiac
      malformations (mostly coarctation and aortic stenosis). Four (20%) died in the
      neonatal. One infant had mitral stenosis and severe aortic stenosis and died at
      the age of 35 days. The three (15%) other patients who died had a typical
      hypoplastic left heart syndrome, with an atretic aortic valve in two and pinpoint
      aortic valve in one. Turner's syndrome was clinically suspected in three of the
      cases. One of these had mosaicism (46XX,45X) the others had a 45X pattern. During
      the same period (1972-85) 39 patients (14 girls and 25 boys) were admitted with
      diagnosis of hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Three (21.4%) girls had a 45X
      karyotype. The high incidence of hypoplastic left heart syndrome in Turner's
      syndrome and of Turner's syndrome in girls with hypoplastic left heart syndrome
      suggests that hypoplastic left heart syndrome can be another expression of the
      45X karyotype.

PMID- 3408620
TI  - Clinical implications of atrial isomerism.
AB  - Right atrial isomerism or left atrial isomerism is frequently diagnosed as situs
      ambiguous without further discrimination of the specific morbid anatomy. Thirty
      six cases of right atrial isomerism and seven cases of left atrial isomerism were
      collected from the records and pathological museum at the National Taiwan
      University Hospital. There was a necropsy report for 18 cases. In all patients
      one or more of the following conditions was met: (a) isomeric bronchial anatomy,
      (b) echocardiographic and angiocardiographic evidence of isomerism, and (c)
      surgical or necropsy evidence of abnormal atrial anatomy. An anomalous pulmonary
      venous connection was present in 55% of patients with right atrial isomerism; in
      left atrial isomerism one case (14%) had a partial anomalous pulmonary venous
      connection. Forty per cent of cases of anomalous pulmonary venous connection with
      right atrial isomerism had obstruction. Six (86%) of seven cases with left atrial
      isomerism had an ambiguous biventricular atrioventricular connection. In
      contrast, univentricular atrioventricular connection (26 of 36, 72%) was
      significantly more common in right atrial isomerism. A common atrioventricular
      valve was the most frequent mode of connection in both forms. Two discrete
      atrioventricular valves were significantly more common in left atrial isomerism.
      Atrioventricular valve regurgitation was detected in 14 cases. Double outlet
      right ventricle was the most common type of ventriculoarterial connection. The
      most commonly cited causes of death after either palliative or definitive
      operation were undetected anomalous pulmonary venous connection, pulmonary venous
      stricture, and uncorrected atrioventricular valve or aortic regurgitation
      complicated by abnormal coagulation. Although the prognosis is poor, successful
      operation depends on knowledge of the precise anatomical arrangement associated
      with atrial isomerism.

PMID- 3408621
TI  - Infective endarteritis affecting the left pulmonary artery after anatomical
      correction of complete transposition of the great arteries.
AB  - Clinical features of infective endocarditis developed in a two year old boy. He
      had successfully undergone anatomical correction of complete transposition of the
      great arteries during the neonatal period. At routine investigation one year
      later he showed evidence of important supravalvar pulmonary stenosis. He remained
      symptom free until endocarditis developed. Streptococcus pneumoniae was isolated
      from serial blood cultures. Despite prompt treatment with specific intravenous
      antibiotic treatment the patient died of overwhelming sepsis. At necropsy the
      stenosed portion of the left pulmonary artery was seen to be the site of
      infection.

PMID- 3408622
TI  - Angina pectoris treated by ventricular plication.
AB  - Objective analysis of the left ventricular angiogram in a patient with angina but
      normal coronary arteries showed an appreciable disturbance of regional wall
      movement. Because of persistent symptoms refractory to medical treatment left
      ventricular plication was undertaken. This resulted in a return to normal of a
      series of disturbances of left ventricular wall motion commonly found in patients
      with obstructive coronary disease, and a striking improvement in the patient's
      symptoms. The patient remains symptom free five years after operation.

PMID- 3408624
TI  - Latent pre-excitation: exposure of anterograde accessory pathway conduction
      during atrial fibrillation.

PMID- 3408623
TI  - A progressive pericardial effusion caused by psittacosis.
AB  - A patient developed signs of a progressive pericardial effusion over a period of
      eight days. Diagnostic and therapeutic pericardiocentesis was performed. Viral
      titres to psittacosis rose from less than 1:8 to greater than 1:256 indicating
      recent infection.

PMID- 3408625
TI  - Anaesthesia and myocardial ischaemia.

PMID- 3408626
TI  - Proceedings of the Anaesthetic Research Society. Liverpool, March 25-26, 1988.
      Abstracts.

PMID- 3408627
TI  - Blocked ear after extradural injection--a clarification.

PMID- 3408628
TI  - Routine use of atropine in obstetric anaesthesia.

PMID- 3408629
TI  - Hepatotoxicity after general anaesthesia.

PMID- 3408630
TI  - Potential problems of using both opioids and local anaesthetic.

PMID- 3408631
TI  - Single breath induction of anaesthesia with isoflurane.

PMID- 3408632
TI  - Use of the post-tetanic train-of-four for evaluation of intense neuromuscular
      blockade with atracurium.

PMID- 3408633
TI  - Evaluation of Committee on Safety of Medicines yellow card reports on oral
      contraceptive-drug interactions with anticonvulsants and antibiotics.
AB  - 1. We have searched the adverse reactions register for the years 1968-84 in an
      attempt to evaluate data relating to reported pregnancies in women on oral
      contraceptive steroids (OCS) who concurrently received either an antiepileptic
      drug or an antibiotic. 2. A total of 43 pregnancies were reported in women on OC
      therapy who concurrently received antiepileptic drugs and 63 pregnancies in women
      receiving antibiotics. In addition the number of prescriptions for both
      antiepileptics and antibiotics in England are reported for the years 1973-84.

PMID- 3408634
TI  - Concentration-effect relationships for oxprenolol in patients with essential
      hypertension.
AB  - 1. Plasma drug concentrations, and heart rate and blood pressure responses to
      exercise at a predetermined load were examined in twelve hypertensive patients
      following single and repeated doses of oxprenolol administered once daily as oral
      osmotic drug delivery systems (10/170 and 16/260 oxprenolol OROS). 2. Plasma
      oxprenolol concentration profiles after each preparation were consistent with the
      criteria for sustained drug release. Levels immediately after exercise were
      significantly higher than those prior to exercise (P less than 0.001), but
      differences were slight. 3. Both OROS drug forms reduced exercise heart rate for
      24 h after single and repeated doses; effects were greater for 16/260 OROS than
      for 10/170 OROS. Significant reductions in post-exercise systolic BP were
      observed 24 h after drug administration and after repeated doses there was little
      difference between the preparations. Effects on diastolic BP after exercise were
      slight. 4. The relationship between plasma oxprenolol concentrations and exercise
      heart rates fitted an exponential mathematical model which makes allowance for
      inter-individual variability. No such kinetic-dynamic relationship could be
      defined for post-exercise systolic or diastolic BP.

PMID- 3408635
TI  - Diuretic and natriuretic effects of nifedipine in healthy persons.
AB  - 1. We have studied the diuretic and natriuretic effects and the tubular site of
      action of nifedipine using free water clearance (CH2O) and lithium clearance. 2.
      We have compared the effects of nifedipine (10 mg p.o.) with those of placebo and
      of frusemide (40 mg p.o.) in seven healthy volunteers during maximal water
      diuresis. 3. Compared with placebo, nifedipine caused a significant rise in
      urinary flow rate and CH2O, paralleled by significant increases in fractional
      excretion of sodium and lithium. The rise in sodium excretion was not accompanied
      by an increase in potassium excretion. 4. Frusemide caused increases in sodium
      and lithium excretion, comparable with the effects seen after nifedipine. CH2O
      did not change however. 5. Our study demonstrates that nifedipine has a clear
      diuretic and natriuretic effect in healthy volunteers, which is predominantly
      established by interference with proximal tubular sodium reabsorption. Lithium
      clearance did not allow us to differentiate between nifedipine and frusemide
      effects, thus questioning the reliability of lithium as a marker of proximal
      tubular sodium reabsorption.

PMID- 3408636
TI  - Comparison of the effects of dopamine, dobutamine, and dopexamine upon renal
      blood flow: a study in normal healthy volunteers.
AB  - 1. We compared the effects of dopexamine, dopamine and dobutamine on the heart
      rate, blood pressure and renal blood flow of six healthy volunteers in an open
      triple crossover trial. 2. The results suggest that at the dose ranges
      investigated dopamine was the most effective agent for increasing renal blood
      flow.

PMID- 3408637
TI  - Salbutamol induced hypokalaemia: the effect of theophylline alone and in
      combination with adrenaline.
AB  - 1. We have previously shown that salbutamol induced hypokalaemia, like adrenaline
      induced hypokalaemia, is the result of stimulation of a membrane bound beta 2
      adrenoreceptor linked to Na+/K+ ATPase. We have also demonstrated that adrenaline
      induced hypokalaemia is potentiated by therapeutic concentrations of
      theophylline. 2. In a single-blind study of 14 normal volunteers, we infused
      salbutamol in doses used in clinical practice and examined the effects of the
      addition of theophylline alone or combined with (-)-adrenaline on plasma
      potassium levels, heart rate and blood pressure. The combinations studied were
      (i) salbutamol + vehicle control adrenaline infusion + placebo theophylline; (ii)
      salbutamol + vehicle control adrenaline infusion + theophylline; (iii) salbutamol
      + adrenaline + theophylline. 3. In a randomised, balanced placebo controlled
      design oral slow release theophylline or placebo was given for 9 days. Subjects
      were studied twice on the active limb (days 7 and 9) and once on the placebo limb
      (day 9) and the procedure was identical on each of the 3 study days except for
      the solutions administered. 4. Theophylline increased salbutamol induced
      hypokalaemia and in some individuals profound hypokalaemia (less than 2.5 mmol l
      1) was observed with these relatively low doses of salbutamol and theophylline.
      Adrenaline did not further increase the magnitude of the fall in potassium
      observed. Combining theophylline with salbutamol increased the tachycardia
      resulting from the salbutamol infusion. Salbutamol infusion caused a fall in
      diastolic and rise in systolic blood pressure on all 3 study days and this was
      not altered by either theophylline or adrenaline alone or together.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3408638
TI  - Saliva and plasma concentrations of isoniazid and acetylisoniazid in man.
AB  - 1. The pharmacokinetics of isoniazid and acetylisoniazid in plasma and saliva
      were compared following administration of oral and intravenous doses (200 mg) to
      healthy volunteers and patients. 2. In the 22 subjects studied after oral
      administration and the six subjects studied after intravenous administration
      there was complete phenotypic agreement for both slow (t1/2 greater than 130 min)
      and fast (t1/2 less than 130 min) acetylators using either saliva or plasma. 3.
      Acetylator phenotyping based on the t1/2 of INH determined using saliva collected
      at 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 h after a 200 mg oral dose appears to be as reliable as that
      based on plasma. 4. Salivary isoniazid concentrations may provide a non-invasive
      alternative to plasma concentrations.

PMID- 3408639
TI  - Stereospecific assay of nicoumalone: application to pharmacokinetic studies in
      man.
AB  - 1. A stereospecific h.p.l.c. assay of nicoumalone in plasma has been developed.
      2. The assay was applied to a study in which 20 mg racemic nicoumalone was given
      orally to three volunteers and blood samples taken for 168 h. 3. The mean
      pharmacokinetic parameters of the individual enantiomers were:
      clearance/bioavailability 1.28 1 h-1, R-enantiomer; 17.5 1 h-1, S-enantiomer:
      volume of distribution/bioavailability 12.5 1, R-enantiomer; 22.6 1, S
      enantiomer: terminal half-life 6.8 h, R-enantiomer; 0.91 h, S-enantiomer. 4. The
      data are consistent with a substantial first-pass hepatic loss of S-nicoumalone.

PMID- 3408640
TI  - Effect of maximal hydration on the renal responses to pretreatment with
      nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and probenecid in man.
AB  - The renal response to a challenge of maximal water diuresis has been studied in
      seven subjects pretreated over 48 h with either placebo, probenecid, indomethacin
      or piroxicam. Probenecid did not alter the excretion of water and sodium chloride
      when compared with placebo responses, but increased both phosphate and urate
      clearances. Indomethacin reduced significantly both water and sodium chloride
      clearances by approximately 40%. Piroxicam reduced water excretion to a similar
      extent but did not influence salt output. In parallel with these changes, both
      drugs caused significant phosphaturia. It is concluded that the renal actions of
      nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are individually distinct and
      involve direct effects on tubular transport of ions and water to differing
      extents within both the proximal and distal portions of the nephron.

PMID- 3408641
TI  - Loss of dependence on IGF-1 for proliferation of human thyroid adenoma cells.
AB  - The proliferative responses to IGF-1 (Somatomedin C) and TSH, as assessed by 3H
      thymidine (3H-TdR) incorporation and autoradiographic labelling index (LI), of
      suspension and monolayer cultures of human thyroid follicular epithelium derived
      from both normal and adenoma tissue have been compared. In cultures of normal
      follicles, whilst neither TSH nor IGF-1 alone produced any effect, a combination
      of TSH (0.1 mU ml-1) together with IGF-1 (10 ng ml-1) induced a highly
      significant proliferative response as shown by a peak of 3HTdR incorporation and
      LI, 4-5 days after growth factor addition. The TSH concentration-effect curve was
      bell-shaped, a higher concentration of TSH (10 mU ml-1) resulting in a reduced
      response. In cultures derived from adenoma tissue, however, TSH alone at 0.1 mU
      ml-1 was sufficient to permit a highly significant proliferative response
      (equivalent to, or greater than the normal) in 4 out of 5 adenomas examined;
      again a higher concentration of TSH (10 mU ml-1) resulted in a diminished
      response. Addition of IGF-1 (10 ng ml-1) produced no significant change in the
      response to TSH (0.1 mU ml-1) in 3 of these 4 adenomas, and significantly
      inhibited the response in the fourth adenoma. It is concluded that escape from
      the requirement for an exogenous source of IGF-1 may be a key step in the
      development of human thyroid epithelial (follicular cell) neoplasia.

PMID- 3408642
TI  - The use of 1H spin echo NMR and HPLC to confirm doxorubicin induced depletion of
      glutathione in the intact HeLa cell.
AB  - The effects of doxorubicin on the cellular biochemistry of the HeLa cell using 1H
      spin echo nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) of the intact and viable
      cell in conjunction with dual wavelength HPLC of cell lysates is reported.
      Directly dose-related changes were observed in lactate and reduced glutathione
      concentration. Doxorubicin induces a time-dependent depletion of the cytosolic
      pool of glutathione and a change in the glycolytic pattern of the cell. The
      glutathione depletion could be partially reversed by controlled pre-treatment of
      the cells with N-acetylcysteine and cysteine, the protection being linked to the
      intracellular concentration of the thiol.

PMID- 3408643
TI  - Preferential growth of bloodborne cancer cells in colonic anastomoses.
AB  - Intracardiac injection, in hooded Lister rats, of syngeneic MC28 sarcoma cells
      never induced tumour growth in normal bowel. Tumour growth occurred at the site
      of a colonic anastomosis if surgery preceded tumour injection but not if it
      followed tumour injection, even by as little as 1 h. Maximum enhancement of
      tumour growth occurred when the healing process had progressed between 2 and 8
      days, with a peak at 5 to 7 days. The enhancing effect was largely over by the
      time the healing had progressed 14 days. The syngeneic OES5 breast carcinoma also
      grew at colonic anastomoses when surgery preceded tumour injection by 5 days, but
      not in normal colon. The MC28 sarcoma also grew at ileal anastomoses but not in
      the normal ileum after intracardiac injection. By injecting radiolabelled sarcoma
      cells, an estimate of the probability of a single bloodborne tumour cell lodging
      at a colonic anastomosis and leading to a tumour deposit was calculated to be of
      the order of 1:43 whereas the probability of the cell lodging in normal colon and
      causing a deposit is less than 1:4 x 10(4).

PMID- 3408644
TI  - Expression and enhanced secretion of proteochondroitin sulphate in a metastatic
      variant of a mouse lymphoma cell line.
AB  - Even though many studies suggest that proteoglycans with their structurally
      determinative polysaccharide chains, the glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), are important
      mediators of cellular interactions, little is known about expression and possible
      functions of these macromolecules expressed by tumour cells during the transition
      from low to highly metastatic behaviour. Therefore, we investigated the cellular
      expression and secretion of GAGs in a syngeneic tumour system of DBA/2 mice
      consisting of a methylcholanthrene-induced low metastatic T lymphoma (Eb), its
      highly metastatic spontaneous variant (ESb), and a low metastatic derivative of
      ESb (ESb-MP), selected by its adherent growth properties. The [35S]-sulphate
      labelled GAGs were isolated from in vitro cultivated cells and further
      characterized by separation on Sepharose CL 6B, on Mono-Q ion exchange
      chromatography, and alkali- and enzymatic digestion. In contrast to Eb-cells
      which produce chondroitin/dermatan sulphate (CS/DS) and heparan sulphate (HS)
      (cellular extract: CS/DS 67%, HS 33%; culture medium: CS/DS 61%, HS 39%) ESb- and
      ESb-MP-cells only express and secrete CS/DS. For ESb cells the CS portions
      consisted of 42% chondroitin-4-sulphate (CS-4) and 58% chondroitin-6-sulphate (CS
      6), for ESb-MP cells of 23% CS-4 and 77% CS-6, for Eb cells of 16% CS-4 and 84%
      CS-6. The cell surface GAGs of the adherent variant ESb-MP contained a
      significantly higher portion of DS (65%) compared to ESb cells (25%). GAGs of all
      tumour cell lines studied had a mol. wt ranging from 35-40 kD compared to GAG
      molecular weight standards. Ion exchange chromatography indicated that
      differences in charge density between GAGs of these cell lines were minimal.
      These findings suggest that the different biological behaviour of the cell lines
      cannot be attributed to altered size and charge density of their GAG chains.
      However, highly metastatic ESb-cells secreted significantly more GAG than low
      metastatic Eb- and ESb-MP-cells. The possible consequences of the enhanced
      secretion of CS/DS by ESb-cells are discussed in terms of the postulated role of
      CS/DS in cellular adhesion, growth regulation and interactions with the immune
      system.

PMID- 3408645
TI  - Clinically relevant concentrations of verapamil do not enhance the sensitivity of
      human bone marrow CFU-GM to adriamycin and VP16.

PMID- 3408646
TI  - Thymidine kinase activities in mononuclear leukocytes and serum from breast
      cancer patients.
AB  - Levels of the nucleotide pathway enzyme thymidine kinase (TK) were assayed in the
      mononuclear leukocytes and serum of 70 female patients with breast cancer and 98
      male and 77 female non-cancer hospital patients. The total TK levels in both
      mononuclear leukocytes and serum from patients with breast cancer were
      significantly higher than in controls. The serum TK levels showed a significant
      correlation with cancer stage. No such correlation was observed with mononuclear
      leukocyte TK levels. Serum TK from 20 patients with breast cancer and 19 control
      patients was further assayed to ascertain the relative contributions of the
      thymidine kinase isozymes TK1 and TK2 to total TK levels. The increase in serum
      TK from breast cancer patients appears to be due to an increase in both TK1 and
      TK2 levels.

PMID- 3408647
TI  - A phase I and pharmacokinetic study of amphethinile.
AB  - Amphethinile is a new spindle poison with a novel structure that has shown
      activity in the L1210, ADJ/PC6 and Walker carcinoma rodent tumours. In addition
      the agent appeared to have an improved therapeutic ratio compared to existing
      spindle poisons and is well absorbed when administered orally. The starting dose
      for the phase I study was 40 mg m-2 (1/10th mouse LD10) and further patients were
      studied at 200, 400, 800 and 1200 mg m-2, dose escalation being based on
      pharmacological monitoring. Significant toxic effects were seen only at 800 and
      1200 mg m-2. At these doses patients experienced nausea and vomiting, light
      headedness during the infusion and varying degrees of lethargy following therapy.
      Two of six patients at 800 mg m-2 developed severe pain in the tumour bearing
      area 1-2 h after treatment and one experienced colicky abdominal pain. At 1200 mg
      m-2 two patients died within 48 h of treatment from what appeared to be vascular
      causes. Following these episodes the trial was discontinued. Neutropenia and
      alopecia occurred in two patients, one at 800 and one at 1200 mg m-2. These
      patients achieved the highest drug exposure in terms of area under the
      concentration x time curve. It was not possible to achieve an AUC consistently
      high enough to produce cytotoxic effects due to the occurrence of dose limiting
      toxicities thus amphethinile cannot at present be recommended for phase II
      testing by the i.v. route. The dose escalation scheme based on pharmacological
      monitoring resulted in a considerable saving in the duration of the trial.
      Further evaluation of this methodology is recommended.

PMID- 3408648
TI  - Phase II study of the thymidylate synthetase inhibitor CB3717 (N10-propargyl-5,8
      dideazafolic acid) in colorectal cancer.

PMID- 3408649
TI  - Survey of treatment of primary breast cancer in Italy. GIVIO (Interdisciplinary
      Group for Cancer Care Evaluation).
AB  - A mail survey among 970 physicians from different specialties was carried out in
      Italy to learn about factors that influence physicians' decision-making for
      patients with early breast cancer. Ninety percent of respondents were in favour
      of a conservative procedure for the surgical treatment of a 35-year-old patient
      with primary tumour smaller than two centimeters. The same preference was also
      expressed by 66% of doctors for a 60-year-old patient with similar disease. Most
      physicians (78%) favoured the use of adjuvant chemotherapy for premenopausal node
      positive women. Preferences for the treatment of post-menopausal patients were
      divided among those in favour of endocrine therapy (51%), chemotherapy (32%), the
      combination of the two (7%) or no further treatment after surgery (8%). Several
      factors appeared to relate to therapeutic preferences. Each physician's specialty
      was the single most important factor associated with the preference for surgical
      treatment together with the attitude towards patients' involvement in decision
      making which, however, was statistically significant only for the older patient.
      Analysis of predictors of preferences for adjuvant therapy showed that specialty
      and hospital size were associated with choosing chemotherapy for a premenopausal
      woman, and specialty and physician's sex with the indication of endocrine
      treatment in a postmenopausal patient. Our study documents that the application
      of research results depends on many factors, some of which have a sound
      scientific basis while others reflect highly personal opinions and the influence
      of the practice environment.

PMID- 3408651
TI  - Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita associated with vesicular cystitis.
AB  - A 55-year-old woman with epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA) who had associated
      vesicular cystitis is described. The clinical, histological and
      immunohistological features of the skin and mucous membranes were in accordance
      with previous reports of this disease. The patient also had symptoms of cystitis,
      and a cystoscopic examination showed areas of erosions and vesicles in the wall
      of the urinary bladder. Histological and immunopathological studies of the
      urinary bladder demonstrated sub-mucosal vesicles, and linear deposits of IgG and
      C3 along the mucosal-lamina propria junction. These bladder changes may be
      induced by the autoantibodies present in EBA.

PMID- 3408650
TI  - The relationship between stool weight and the lithocholate/deoxycholate ratio in
      faeces.

PMID- 3408652
TI  - Cutaneous nodular sarcoidosis with granulomatous renal sarcoid.
AB  - We describe a 66-year-old lady who presented with tender nodules on her trunk and
      limbs which were histologically proved to be sarcoid. Following steroid therapy
      the skin lesions remitted, but renal failure developed due to a severe
      granulomatous interstitial nephritis. Clinical and biochemical improvement
      followed treatment with high dose steroids, although renal function and renal
      biopsy remained abnormal.

PMID- 3408653
TI  - A new development in UVB phototherapy of psoriasis.
AB  - We have compared the therapeutic effectiveness of a new UVB fluorescent sunlamp,
      the Philips TL-01 lamp, which emits a narrow peak around 311-312 nm, with the
      currently used Philips TL-12 lamp, in 10 patients with psoriasis. We also
      compared the tumour inducing capacity of the two lamps in hairless mice. The
      therapeutic effect of the TL-01 lamp was superior to that of the TL-12 lamp in
      nine of the 10 patients. In the mice, the median tumour induction time was
      significantly longer in animals exposed to the TL-01 lamp. Phototherapy with the
      new type of lamp requires a higher dose than phototherapy with the usual
      broadband UVB sources. In practice this means that more lamps are needed in the
      light cabinet. However, the new lamps appear to provide more effective and safer
      phototherapy for psoriasis.

PMID- 3408654
TI  - Sudoriparous angioma--regression following intravascular aethoxysclerol, a
      sclerosing agent.
AB  - We report a case of sudoriparous angioma on the dorsum and plantar aspect of the
      left foot which increased in size on standing, and which was accompanied by
      sweating in the overlying epidermis and throbbing pain. The lesion regressed
      considerably following intravascular injection of 1% aethoxysclerol.

PMID- 3408655
TI  - Giant cell arteritis and systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - We describe a case of histologically proven giant cell arteritis (GCA) in a 62
      year-old woman who initially presented with upper limb girdle pain and weakness,
      and intermittent claudication. Clinical improvement was obtained with oral
      prednisolone. She subsequently developed a photosensitive rash and was diagnosed
      as having systemic lupus erythematosus. The features of the two conditions and
      the possibility of an association are discussed.

PMID- 3408656
TI  - Perioral blisters in a bug-biting baby.
AB  - We report peri-oral blistering caused by biting a bug, Palomena prasina, commonly
      found in the U.K. This is just one of a number of insects commonly found in the
      U.K. which produce chemicals for defensive purposes that may injure human skin.
      Contact with insects should, therefore, be considered as a cause of blistering
      eruptions, even in Britain, especially in the young who are more likely to handle
      insects.

PMID- 3408657
TI  - Lupus vulgaris simulating a port-wine stain.

PMID- 3408658
TI  - Need for specialist follow-up of patients with basal cell carcinoma.

PMID- 3408659
TI  - Laser treatment of port-wine stains.

PMID- 3408660
TI  - Severe cutaneous vasculitis induced by diltiazem.

PMID- 3408661
TI  - Ultrastructural changes in epidermal Langerhans cells and melanocytes in response
      to ultraviolet irradiation, in Australians of Aboriginal and Celtic descent.
AB  - The effects of exposure to small doses of artificial ultraviolet radiation (UVR)
      on the ultrastructure of epidermal Langerhans cells (LC) and melanocytes were
      studied in two groups of Australian subjects, one of Aboriginal and the other of
      Celtic descent. UV exposure induced an apparent depletion of LC in the epidermis
      of both groups. However, LC depletion in the Aboriginal subjects was associated
      with apoptosis, whereas organelle and membrane disruption in the LC of Celtic
      subjects suggested a reduction by direct cellular damage. LC in Aboriginal
      epidermis tended to become relocated at more superficial levels following UV
      exposure, and their Birbeck granules became more numerous. LC in Celtic epidermis
      appeared to become relocated in a basal location and contained fewer Birbeck
      granules. The central lamina of the Birbeck granules in Aboriginal LC, which was
      more electron-dense than that in Celtic subjects prior to UV treatment, was
      temporarily lost following treatment, while the ultrastructure of Birbeck
      granules in Celtic LC was unchanged. LC and 'indeterminate cells' in intimate
      association with lymphocyte-like cells occurred in the basal layer of Celtic
      epidermis 5 days after exposure. These complexes were not observed in Aboriginal
      epidermis although isolated lymphocyte-like cells were observed in the same
      location. Melanocytes in Aboriginal epidermis contained greater numbers of
      melanosomes than those in Celtic epidermis throughout the experiment. Inactive
      epidermal melanocytes in Celtic subjects initially responded to UV exposure with
      a slight increase in melanosome content followed by a substantial further
      increase, whereas active melanocytes in the Aboriginal subjects showed the
      opposite response. The implications of the different responses of LC and
      melanocytes in the two groups, in relation to immunological function of the
      epidermis and the marked racial difference in the incidence of skin cancer, are
      discussed. Cancer of the skin, particularly basal and squamous cell carcinoma,
      occurs primarily in people with fair skin who burn easily following exposure to
      ultraviolet radiation (UVR). In contrast, the incidence of skin cancer in
      inherently dark-skinned people is low. Melanin is synthesized by melanocytes in
      response to UVR and is thought to protect epidermal cells against damage to their
      genetic material by absorbing UVR and thereby reducing its penetration into the
      skin. Thus darkly pigmented skin is more resistant to the effects of
      UVR.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3408662
TI  - Histopathological and immunohistochemical study of amyloidosis cutis nodularis
      atrophicans--comparison with systemic amyloidosis.
AB  - Three cases of amyloidosis cutis nodularis atrophicans (ACNA) were investigated
      histologically and immunohistochemically to determine the nature and origin of
      the deposited amyloid. A pulmonary lesion from a case of nodular pulmonary
      amyloidosis, and cutaneous lesions from three cases of primary systemic
      amyloidosis, two cases of secondary systemic amyloidosis and three cases of
      secondary cutaneous amyloidosis following basal cell epithelioma were also
      examined for comparison. Histology showed infiltration of numerous plasma cells
      adjacent to amyloid deposits in ACNA and nodular pulmonary amyloidosis, but not
      in systemic amyloidosis. Immunohistochemically, the cytoplasm of the plasma cells
      was stained with anti-immunoglobulin light chain or anti-Bence-Jones protein
      antisera or both, and amyloid material stained with anti-AL antiserum in ACNA and
      nodular pulmonary amyloidosis. These results suggest that, in ACNA, the plasma
      cells may produce and secrete immunoglobulin light chains or Bence-Jones protein
      or both, which undergo proteolysis to protein AL or amyloid fibril proteins which
      have the same immunoglobulin determinants as protein AL. The product is then
      deposited locally to form nodules in the dermis.

PMID- 3408663
TI  - Carbon monoxide poisoning: optics and histology of skin and blood.
AB  - In 10 fatal cases of carbon monoxide poisoning an optical study of the skin
      colour was made by reflectance spectrophotometry, and the values converted to
      their visual equivalents. Several circumstances contribute to the difficulty of
      identifying the cherry-red colour in the skin, such as a low CO concentration,
      skin pigmentation, washing out of a previously high concentration of CO, and deep
      venous dilatation with superficial vasoconstriction producing the impression of
      cyanosis. The colour of the altered blood depends on the way the red cells are
      massed together, their depth below the surface, and the brightness of the
      background against which they are viewed. These phenomena were compared with the
      dichroism of oxyhaemoglobin. Damage to eccrine sweat acini was noted early in CO
      poisoning. It was probably intensified, in those surviving longer, at skin sites
      of intermittent pressure anoxia.

PMID- 3408664
TI  - Photodynamic therapy: a better treatment for widespread Bowen's disease.
AB  - We report here the use of photodynamic therapy to treat two patients with
      multiple lesions of Bowen's disease. A total of over 500 lesions were treated,
      less than 10% requiring two treatments, and at follow-up 6 months later no
      lesions remained in either patient. The only important side-effect of treatment
      was a marked photosensitivity reaction. We consider photodynamic therapy an
      efficient treatment for Bowen's disease; multiple lesions can be treated in a
      short treatment session, without local anaesthesia, and healing occurs within 2
      weeks.

PMID- 3408665
TI  - Erythropoietic protoporphyria exacerbated by oral iron therapy.
AB  - Four patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) are reported, in whom oral
      iron produced clear-cut clinical and biochemical deterioration. This suggests
      that there are two biochemically and genetically distinct sub-groups of EPP
      patients distinguished by their dramatically different response to oral iron.

PMID- 3408666
TI  - Intermittent high-dose dexamethasone-cyclophosphamide therapy for pemphigus.
AB  - Since 1982, we have treated 79 pemphigus patients with an arbitrarily designed
      regimen of 100 mg dexamethasone dissolved in 5% glucose given by an intravenous
      infusion over 1 h, daily on 3 consecutive days and in addition, 500 mg
      cyclophosphamide on day 1 only. The intermittent high doses (IHD) of
      dexamethasone are repeated every 2-4 weeks, and the patient continues to take 50
      mg/day oral cyclophosphamide. This treatment is divided into four phases. During
      Phase I, the patient continues to develop relapses of pemphigus a variable number
      of days after IHD, but the lesions heal up quickly after IHD. These relapses
      become progressively milder and stop after a few months, but the IHD are
      continued once a month for 6-9 months (Phase II). In the next phase (Phase III),
      the monthly IHD are stopped, and the patient continues to take 50 mg/day
      cyclophosphamide orally. After approximately 1 year this maintenance treatment is
      withdrawn and the patient is observed for any relapses (Phase IV). Of the 79
      patients treated, 10 patients have been lost to follow-up and two have died, one
      due to leukopaenia caused by inadvertent additional administration of
      methotrexate, and the other of an unknown cause. Of the remaining 67 patients, 25
      are off treatment (Phase IV), 25 are taking only 50 mg cyclophosphamide daily
      (Phase III), ten are also in remission, but still receiving intermittent high
      doses of dexamethasone-cyclophosphamide (Phase II), and seven still have active
      disease (Phase I).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3408667
TI  - Bronchoconstriction due to 8-methoxypsoralen.
AB  - A patient with psoriasis developed bronchoconstriction after oral 8
      methoxypsoralen given as part of his photochemotherapy with PUVA. It was possible
      to treat the patient with PUVA whilst he was on prophylactic anti-asthmatic
      therapy. Twenty one further patients on photochemotherapy were studied in detail
      and none had evidence of impaired pulmonary function as a result of therapy.

PMID- 3408668
TI  - Metastatic Crohn's disease responding to metronidazole.
AB  - Metastatic Crohn's disease is a rare cutaneous manifestation of intestinal
      Crohn's disease, for which existing treatment is unsatisfactory. We report a case
      of perianal and vulval Crohn's disease which cleared completely on a 4-month
      course of metronidazole without adverse effects. The patient remained in
      remission I year later. The merits of long-term treatment with metronidazole are
      discussed.

PMID- 3408669
TI  - Increased sensitivity to complement of megakaryocyte progenitors in paroxysmal
      nocturnal haemoglobinuria.
AB  - Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH) is a haemolytic disorder characterized
      by an increased sensitivity of peripheral blood cells including platelets to the
      lytic action of complement (C'). Previous studies have demonstrated that in PNH
      bone marrow erythroid colony and burst forming units, as well as granulocytic
      monocytic colony forming units, have an increased sensitivity to complement
      induced injury as compared with normal erythroid and myeloid progenitors. The
      purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of complement on PNH and
      normal marrow megakaryocytic progenitors (CFU-M). Bone marrow non-adherent and T
      cell depleted light density mononuclear cells from three patients with PNH and
      six normal volunteers were exposed to fresh or heat-inactivated AB human serum in
      the presence of medium or isotonic aqueous sucrose solution for 30 min at 37
      degrees C. After being washed the cells were assayed for CFU-M by the plasma clot
      method in a complement free medium containing 6% medium conditioned by T
      lymphocytes stimulated by phytohaemagglutinin. The number of megakaryocytic
      colonies grown from PNH marrow cells exposed to isotonic sucrose and C' was
      reduced to one third of those grown from PNH cells exposed to isotonic sucrose
      and heat-inactivated C', or to medium with and without C'. In contrast, the
      number of megakaryocytic colonies grown from normal marrow cells exposed to
      isotonic sucrose and C' was unchanged. These findings indicate that PNH marrow
      CFU-M express an increased sensitivity to C'-mediated injury similar to that
      detected on PNH-erythrocytes by the sucrose haemolysis test, and support the
      hypothesis that the PNH defect is expressed at the level of pluripotent
      haematopoietic stem cell.

PMID- 3408670
TI  - Cocoa: a new mouse model for platelet storage pool deficiency.
AB  - We describe genetic, haematological and biochemical properties of a new mouse
      pigment mutant, cocoa (coa). Cocoa is a recessive mutation located on the
      centromeric end of chromosome 3 near the Car-2 locus. The mutation causes
      increased bleeding time accompanied by symptoms of platelet storage pool
      deficiency (SPD), including decreased platelet serotonin and decreased visibility
      of dense granules as analysed by electron microscopy of unfixed platelets. Dense
      granules were visible in normal numbers when platelets were incubated with the
      fluorescent dye, mepacrine. The intragranular environment, however, was abnormal
      as indicated by decreased flashing of mepacrine-loaded dense granules after
      exposure to ultraviolet light. Unlike the previously described seven mouse
      pigment mutations with SPD in which pigment granules, platelet dense granules and
      lysosomes are affected, the cocoa mutant had normal secretion of lysosomal
      enzymes from kidney proximal tubule cells and platelets. The cocoa mutation thus
      represents an example of a single gene which simultaneously affects melanosomes
      and platelet dense granules but probably does not affect lysosomes. The results
      indicate that melanosomes and platelet dense granules share steps in synthesis
      and/or processing. Cocoa may be a model for cases of human Hermansky-Pudlak
      syndrome in which functions of melanosomes and platelet dense granules, but not
      lysosomes, are involved.

PMID- 3408671
TI  - Factor X Roma: a congenital factor X variant defective at different degrees in
      the intrinsic and the extrinsic activation.
AB  - A factor X molecular variant was identified in a 13-year-old girl affected by a
      bleeding tendency. Factor X antigen levels and activation by Russel's viper venom
      (tested both by clotting and amidolytic assays) were normal. Factor X crossed
      immunoelectrophoresis was found to be identical to that of the control plasma.
      Factor X functional activity was low (3% of the normal) if tested by PTT-derived
      assays, whereas it was found at intermediate levels (about 30-50% of the normal)
      if measured by prothrombin time-derived assays. The defect in the extrinsic
      activation was more clearly disclosed using as activating agent thromboplastin
      from ox brain. The factor X of the patient was completely adsorbed by aluminum
      hydroxide. The parents of the propositus (first degree cousins) showed factor X
      functional levels compatible with a condition of heterozygosity for the
      abnormality. This factor X molecular variant appears different from the other
      ones so far described and was named 'Factor X Roma'.

PMID- 3408672
TI  - The spectrum of beta-thalassaemia mutations in Sicily.
AB  - To characterize beta-thalassaemia genes among the Sicilian population we have
      previously determined the DNA haplotypes in the beta-globin gene cluster of 99
      beta-thal chromosomes. We found seven haplotypes, although 95 of 99 beta-thal
      chromosomes contained framework 1 and framework 3 beta genes. We have now
      determined the mutation in all 99 of these beta-thal genes by the use of
      oligonucleotide hybridization. PCR-amplification and direct genomic sequencing,
      and direct restriction analysis. Our results indicate that (1) the beta (0)-39
      mutation is most frequent (35%); (2) beta(0)-39, IVS-1 nt 110 and IVS-1 nt 6
      mutations account for 90% of beta-thal genes: (3) the IVS-1 nt 6 mutation is more
      frequent in thalassaemia intermedia (77%) than in Cooley's disease (34%): (4) the
      association between haplotypes and specific mutations is imperfect, but mutation
      spread has occurred within haplotypes containing the same beta-gene framework:
      (5) the beta(0)-39 and the IVS-1 nt 6 mutations, with a mutation spread to two
      major haplotypes, may be older than the IVS-1 nt 110 mutation: (6) these data
      make possible first-trimester prenatal diagnosis in many families (85%) in Sicily
      using only three pairs of oligonucleotides. In addition, a new mutation, a
      frameshift at codon 76 due to loss of a C residue, was found in a single beta
      thal chromosome.

PMID- 3408673
TI  - Erythrocyte pyruvate kinase deficiency: 11 new cases.
AB  - Eleven new cases of red cell pyruvate kinase (PK) deficiency with congenital
      haemolytic disease from 10 unrelated Italian families were characterized using
      the methods recommended by the International Committee for Standardization in
      Haematology (ICSH). All patients were double heterozygotes for the PK gene. The
      10 variants were designated PK 'Lecce,' 'Parma,' 'Verona,' 'Milano,' 'Soresina,'
      'Macerata,' 'Sassari,' 'Genova,' 'Mantova' and 'Brescia.' PK 'Sassari' was
      associated with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in two siblings. All
      mutants displayed multiple biochemical abnormalities except for PK 'Lecce' that
      only showed decreased red cell PK activity. No relation was found between the
      severity of anaemia and either the residual PK activity or specific biochemical
      enzyme abnormalities. Increased serum ferritin levels were detected in most of
      the patients, suggesting the need for systematically monitoring iron status in
      this disease.

PMID- 3408674
TI  - Testosterone reduces complement sensitivity of precursor cells in aplastic
      anaemia patients treated with antilymphocyte globulin.
AB  - Of 53 consecutive patients with aplastic anaemia who were re-examined at various
      intervals after treatment with antilymphocyte globulin, 30 had sufficient bone
      marrow colony forming capacity to permit evaluation of androgen effects in vitro.
      In 22 patients, precursor cells of the myeloid and erythroid line were abnormally
      sensitive to a preincubation in isosmolar sucrose with 5% fresh autologous serum
      compared to heat-inactivated autologous serum. This phenomenon was interpreted as
      excess complement sensitivity. This inhibitory effect of fresh serum in the bone
      marrow sucrose test was abrogated by addition of 10(-6) M testosterone to the
      preincubation phase in 15 of the 22 patients. In six of these 15, 10(-7) M
      dexamethasone had a similar effect; in the other nine patients only testosterone
      rendered the bone marrow sucrose test negative. This effect of testosterone on
      colony growth was indirect, since addition of 10(-9)-10(-5) M testosterone to
      primary bone marrow cultures from the same patients had no effect. We propose
      that testosterone in these experiments interacted with the complement system. In
      patients who have complement sensitive precursor cells, androgens might thus
      prevent complement mediated lysis of haemopoietic cells to some extent. The test
      described could help identification of patients in autologous bone marrow
      remission who are likely to benefit from androgen treatment.

PMID- 3408675
TI  - Nephrotic syndrome in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.

PMID- 3408676
TI  - Treatment of HIV related immune thrombocytopenia.

PMID- 3408677
TI  - Risk factors for thrombosis in polycythemia vera.

PMID- 3408678
TI  - 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate and 3-phosphoglycerate in red cell pyruvate kinase
      deficiency.

PMID- 3408679
TI  - Androgen therapy in haemodialysis patients: further observations on
      erythropoiesis and ferrokinetics.

PMID- 3408680
TI  - Megakaryocytic colony formation in polycythaemia vera and secondary
      erythrocytosis.
AB  - Megakaryocytic colony formation by progenitor cells of 18 patients with
      polycythaemia vera, seven with secondary erythrocytosis and four with
      erythrocytosis of unexplained origin was studied in vitro by the methyl cellulose
      culture assay. Fourteen of the 18 patients with polycythaemia vera showed
      spontaneous megakaryocytic colony formation, i.e. colony growth with normal human
      plasma as the only source of colony stimulation. None of the patients with
      secondary erythrocytosis or erythrocytosis of unknown origin or of the normal
      controls grew colonies in the presence of normal human plasma only. When the
      plasma of a patient with aplastic anaemia was used instead of normal human plasma
      and phytohaemagglutinin stimulated leucocyte conditioned medium (PHA-LCM) was
      added to the culture medium, two of the patients with polycythaemia vera and one
      with secondary erythrocytosis formed slightly increased numbers of megakaryocytic
      colonies, while the rest of the patients showed normal colony formation. All of
      the patients with polycythaemia vera but none of those with secondary
      erythrocytosis or erythrocytosis of unknown origin showed spontaneous erythroid
      colony growth. The present study shows that most patients with polycythaemia vera
      form spontaneous megakaryocytic colonies in vitro. This phenomenon has recently
      also been demonstrated in essential thrombocythaemia and it is apparently
      analogous to spontaneous erythroid colony growth seen in all myeloproliferative
      disorders.

PMID- 3408681
TI  - Human megakaryocyte size varies with anatomical site.
AB  - Whole megakaryocyte, megakaryocyte cytoplasmic and nuclear size were evaluated in
      human bone marrow obtained from posterior iliac crest and rib of subjects
      undergoing thoracotomy for repair of hiatal hernia. In addition the nuclear DNA
      content (ploidy) of the cells from each site was measured. Significantly larger
      mean megakaryocyte (P less than 0.002), and megakaryocyte cytoplasmic volumes (P
      less than 0.002), and different volume distributions were observed in costal
      marrow compared to the iliac crest. No change in mean nuclear volume was found.
      This was paralleled by no significant difference in mean ploidy. This suggests
      that the variation in megakaryocyte size with anatomical site is determined by
      the concomitant volume of cell cytoplasm, but not the nuclear volume.

PMID- 3408682
TI  - Lymphoid cells and tissue mast cells of bone marrow lesions in systemic
      mastocytosis: a histological and immunohistological study.
AB  - Systemic mastocytosis (SM) can be regarded as a tumorous proliferation of tissue
      mast cells (TMC) involving various organs, particularly the bone marrow. The
      infiltrates, however, are by no means composed exclusively of TMC, but also
      contain eosinophils and lymphocytes. The varying composition of the TMC
      infiltrates and the immunohistological characteristics of the lymphatic cells
      were the main subjects of investigation in this study. Three different types of
      bone marrow infiltrates could be identified: (1) A pure mastocytic infiltrate.
      (2) A mixed mastocytic/lymphocytic infiltrate. (3) A predominantly lymphocytic
      infiltrate containing loosely-scattered TMC. The mixed mastocytic/lymphocytic
      infiltrate seems to be a unique finding confined to the bone marrow in cases of
      SM, and is not detected in this conformation in other tissue sites normally
      involved in SM (spleen, liver, lymph nodes and skin), nor in cases of malignant
      mastocytosis. The lymphoid cells could be identified immunohistologically as
      being an admixture of T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes, while NK cells were
      virtually absent from the composite nodules. The TMC reacted strongly with
      antibodies (monoclonal or polyclonal) against vimentin, common leucocyte antigen,
      lysozyme, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin and alpha 1-antitrypsin, but were negative
      with a variety of other antibodies tested (UCHL1, MB1, Ki-B3, Leu-7, KL1, desmin,
      S-100 protein, F VIII-related antigen and chromogranin A).

PMID- 3408683
TI  - Natural killer cell-mediated inhibition of bone marrow colony formation (CFU-GM)
      in refractory anaemia (preleukaemia): evidence for patient-specific cell
      populations.
AB  - The role of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PB-MNC) on the growth of bone
      marrow (BM) CFU-GM was investigated in refractory anaemia (RA) patients. Whereas
      normal donor PB-MNC were found to inhibit autologous day 7 CFU-GM, PB-MNC from RA
      patients exhibited little modulatory effect on autologous or allogeneic day 7 CFU
      GM. In contrast, patient PB-MNC inhibited autologous CFU-GM at day 10 at a time
      where no significant inhibition was seen in the PB-MNC/RA CFU-GM combination. The
      identity of the inhibitory cells was investigated using anti-T8+ and anti-N901+
      subsets purified by immune-rosette depletion with a panel of monoclonal
      antibodies. The activity of these subsets was tested on immature myeloid cells
      enriched for MY7+ cells, and it was found that cells highly enriched for NK cells
      were responsible for the inhibition. Further support for NK cells as the
      inhibitory cells was obtained in experiments where a positive correlation between
      the level of PB NK cytotoxicity against K562 cells and the degree of CFU-GM
      inhibition was demonstrated. Thus, these data suggest the presence of a
      specialized subset of NK cells with a capacity to inhibit autologous CFU-GM.
      Since RA is a potentially premalignant disease, in which a significant number of
      cases transform into AML, these findings also suggest a physiological role for NK
      cells in suppression of newly arisen clonogenic cells at least in early stages of
      the disease.

PMID- 3408684
TI  - A reversible defect of platelet PDGF content in myeloproliferative disorders.
AB  - Platelet PDGF (platelet derived growth factor), platelet associated IgG and
      plasma levels of circulating immune complexes were measured in patients with
      chronic myeloproliferative disorders (primary myelofibrosis, primary
      proliferative polycythaemia and essential thrombocythaemia). Platelet PDGF was
      low in 11/12 patients, immune complexes were elevated in 11/16, and PlAIgG was
      elevated in all 14 patients in whom it was measured. There was no significant
      correlation between platelet PDGF and plasma levels of immune complexes (r = 
      0.5, P greater than 0.1). Treatment with busulphan and prednisolone for 2-3
      months restored normal levels of platelet PDGF and suppressed plasma immune
      complex levels. Plasmapheresis lowered levels of immune complexes but had no
      effect on platelet PDGF. These results indicate that the low platelet PDGF levels
      in chronic myeloproliferative disorders represent a reversible defect which is
      not directly related to the presence of immune complexes.

PMID- 3408685
TI  - Histology of neuroblastoma involving bone marrow: the problem of detecting
      residual tumour after initiation of chemotherapy.
AB  - One hundred and eighty bone marrow trephine biopsies obtained during 68 staging
      procedures before and during treatment of 20 children with Stage IV neuroblastoma
      were reviewed. A primitive cell infiltrate with prominent fibrous stromal
      reaction and increased reticulin characterized the marrow at presentation. Once
      treatment had begun, primitive cells became difficult to find but fibrosis and a
      marked increase in reticulin persisted in most cases. Distortion in marrow
      architecture and the continuation of abnormal stromal reactions may reflect
      failure to eradicate tumour despite absence of detectable primitive cells. If
      current therapeutic options are to be assessed properly, uniformly accepted
      criteria to define continuance of marrow infiltration in children with
      neuroblastoma are needed. A scheme for classifying marrow histological
      appearances is presented which may prove to be of more value than a simple
      distinction between 'involved' and 'uninvolved'.

PMID- 3408686
TI  - Beneficial effect of intravenous gammaglobulin in a patient with complement
      mediated autoimmune thrombocytopenia due to IgM-anti-platelet antibodies.
AB  - Intravenous gammaglobulin (IV-IgG) was administered to a patient with chronic
      idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura due to an unusual IgM platelet autoantibody
      causing in vitro complement-dependent thrombocytoxicity and in vivo intravascular
      platelet destruction. After IV-IgG infusion the peripheral platelet count
      temporarily increased to normal values, the mean platelet survival time increased
      and the platelet sequestration pattern changed from intravascular to
      predominantly hepatic destruction. In vivo and in vitro observations in this
      patient illustrate a transient beneficial effect of gammaglobulin infusion due to
      interference with the complement-fixing autoantibodies against platelets.

PMID- 3408687
TI  - Haemostatic disturbances in patients bitten by Russell's viper (Vipera russelli
      siamensis) in Burma.
AB  - Patients who are severely envenomed by Russell's viper develop DIC which is
      frequently associated with spontaneous bleeding and incoagulable blood. These
      haemostatic disturbances may be responsible for death or organ/tissue damage both
      through haemorrhage and microvascular occlusion by fibrin thrombi. The most
      striking laboratory features of the coagulopathy developing after Russell's viper
      bite in the 42 patients studied were depletion of fibrinogen (mean 0.09 g/l,
      range 0-0.6), factor V (6.5 u/dl, range 0-17), factor X (35 u/dl, range 1-85),
      factor XIIIa (57 u/dl, range 15-82), plasminogen (61 u/dl, range 10-92),
      antiplasmin (36 u/dl, range 14-62). Protein C (49 u/dl, range 15-100) and
      platelets (104 x 10(9)/l, range 25-197). Intense fibrinolytic activity was
      detected in all cases with marked elevation of FDPs (1614 micrograms/ml, range
      350-3000), a large proportion of which were cross-linked (1058 micrograms/ml,
      range 38-3000). The monospecific Burmese antivenom appeared to be very effective
      in neutralizing the venom procoagulants and in restoring blood coagulability.
      Moreover, the unexpectedly normal level of AT III provides a theoretical basis
      for the use of heparin to enhance the inactivation of those serine proteases
      present before antivenom administration.

PMID- 3408688
TI  - Inheritance and bleeding in factor XI deficiency.
AB  - A study of 20 Jewish and four non-Jewish kindreds transmitting factor XI
      deficiency (164 individuals) confirmed inheritance to be autosomal with severe
      deficiency in homozygotes (mean factor XI level 3.8 u/dl, SD 2.91) and partial
      deficiency in heterozygotes (mean factor XI level 57 u/dl, SD 10.42; normal mean
      factor XI level 96 u/dl, SD 11.6). The probability of an individual being
      heterozygous can be predicted from the factor XI level using a graph derived from
      this data. The accuracy is increased by including the prior probability derived
      from the pedigree. A high frequency of heterozygote to heterozygote mating was
      observed in the Jewish families consistent with an estimated gene frequency of
      13.4% in this racial group. The relationship between factor XI level and bleeding
      tendency is poor; a third of heterozygotes had bled excessively after surgery,
      including six with factor XI levels above 50 u/dl, showing this condition to have
      clear signs of expression in heterozygotes. The lower limit of the normal range
      (2 SDs from the mean) was found to be 72 u/dl.

PMID- 3408689
TI  - Analysis of the membrane glycoproteins of platelets in the Wiskott-Aldrich
      syndrome.
AB  - We have examined the plasma membrane glycoproteins of platelets from three
      unrelated patients with the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. Single- or two-dimensional
      SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was performed. Glycoproteins were located
      by staining for carbohydrate, or by autoradiography when the platelets had been
      surface-labelled with 125I prior to solubilization. In one patient a slight
      decrease in the 125I-labelling intensity of GP Ib, GP Ia and a 125I-labelled
      polypeptide of Mr 168,000 were noted. For the two other patients the glycoprotein
      profiles were indistinguishable from those of normal subjects. These results
      clearly indicate that abnormalities in platelet membrane glycoproteins are not a
      common trait among Wiskott-Aldrich patients, and thus cannot be regarded as
      primary defects in this disease.

PMID- 3408690
TI  - Auto-anti-Jka in Evans' syndrome with negative direct antiglobulin test.
AB  - A patient presented with haemolytic anaemia and a negative direct antiglobulin
      test (DAT), and was found to have an IgG antibody with anti-Jka specificity in
      his serum. His red cells were typed as Jk(a-b+). Later he developed idiopathic
      thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), and had a positive DAT due to anti-Jka bound to
      his red cells, which now typed as Jk(a+b+). Family studies suggested that the
      patient's true type was Jk(a+b+). Splenectomy and immunosuppression were required
      to treat the thrombocytopenia. The autoanti-Jka was no longer detectable
      following therapy.

PMID- 3408691
TI  - A prospective study of the incidence of delayed haemolytic transfusion reactions
      following peri-operative blood transfusion.
AB  - Delayed haemolytic transfusion reactions (DHTRs) are a recognized sequel of blood
      transfusion. The true incidence and importance of this complication have been
      difficult to estimate due to the lack of any prospective studies. We have carried
      out such a study by testing 530 patients who were transfused during cardiac
      surgery. 2% of the patients had new red cell alloantibodies detectable 1 week
      following transfusion. Despite this finding, and the fact that at the time the
      study was performed pre-transfusion antibody screening of recipients was not
      routine practice, no DHTRs were diagnosed on clinical or laboratory criteria.
      These results indicate that the reported incidences, based on retrospective
      recognition of DHTRs, are not a serious underestimate of the frequency of the
      complication.

PMID- 3408692
TI  - A specific radioimmunoassay for 5'-deoxyadenosyl cobalamin in serum.
AB  - A specific radioimmunoassay for 5'-deoxyadenosyl cobalamin (ado-Cbl) has been
      developed using an antiserum raised to this cobalamin (Cbl). At a 1:100 or
      greater dilution the antiserum did not bind radiolabelled methyl-, hydroxo-,
      sulphito- or cyano-Cbl and these Cbl analogues did not compete in the
      radioimmunoassay even at 100-fold higher concentration. The serum concentration
      (range and mean +/- SD) of ado-Cbl in 30 normal subjects was 47-134 and 81 +/- 16
      pg/ml. The corresponding values for total Cbl in these sera were 189-610 and 355
      +/- 144 pg/ml, and the computed values for methyl-Cbl were 142-476 and 274 +/-
      127 pg/ml. The coefficient of variation was substantially greater for methyl-Cbl
      than for ado-Cbl (46% v. 21%, respectively). The ado-Cbl concentration was in the
      normal range (75-95 pg/ml) in five healthy subjects with a low normal
      concentration (189-217 pg/ml) of total Cbl. In two subjects with low total Cbl
      (118 and 170 pg/ml) and without any clinical evidence of Cbl deficiency, ado-Cbl
      was normal (63 and 95 pg/ml, respectively). Thus, in this group, low methyl-Cbl
      accounted for the lower total Cbl. The concentration (mean +/- SD) of serum ado
      Cbl and methyl-Cbl in six patients with low total Cbl (57 +/- 25 pg/ml) and
      clinical evidence for Cbl deficiency was 35 +/- 12 pg/ml and 22 +/- 22 pg/ml,
      respectively. This difference from the normal mean for each cofactor was highly
      significant (P less than 0.001). The decrease in the concentration of methyl-Cbl
      in Cbl deficiency was relatively greater than the decrease in ado-Cbl (92% v.
      57%, respectively) which raised the relative concentration of ado-Cbl in Cbl
      deficiency to 61% of the total Cbl. Although a low serum methyl-Cbl is a
      sensitive indicator of Cbl deficiency, it may not be as specific as a decrease in
      serum ado-Cbl. Factor(s) other than tissue stores of Cbl may lower serum methyl
      Cbl below the 95% confidence limit in the absence of clinical Cbl deficiency.

PMID- 3408693
TI  - Effect of phytohaemagglutinin on the synthesis and secretion of ferritin in
      peripheral blood lymphocytes.
AB  - Stimulation of lymphocytes with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) causes an increase in
      the rate of ferritin and total protein synthesis which is not enhanced by
      supplementing the medium with iron. There is an increase in intracellular
      ferritin content which is amplified by the presence of iron but this is also
      observed in the absence of PHA stimulation. The increased cellular ferritin is
      greater for heart type ferritin than for spleen type ferritin. Ferritin secreted
      into the medium from the cells shows a relative preponderance of spleen type
      ferritin compared to the intracellular protein. The data shows a dissociation
      between ferritin synthesis, cellular accumulation and secretion for which the
      mechanisms have still to be elucidated.

PMID- 3408694
TI  - The Heptest: possible erroneous results in case of simultaneous administration of
      heparin and coumarins.

PMID- 3408695
TI  - Effect of splenectomy in aggressive large granular lymphocyte leukaemia.

PMID- 3408696
TI  - Absorption kinetics of dietary hydrolysis products in conscious pigs given diets
      with different amounts of fish protein. 2. Individual amino acids.
AB  - 1. Concentrations of amino acids (AA) in blood obtained from arterial and portal
      permanent catheters were measured together with the portal hepatic blood flow
      rate during a post-prandial period of 8 h, in nine conscious pigs (initial mean
      body-weight 49.3 (SEM 1.8) kg) receiving experimental meals (500, 600 or 1000 g)
      at 3-4 d intervals from 6-8 to 20 d after the surgical implantation of the
      catheters and electromagnetic flow probe. The semi-synthetic starch-based diets
      contained variable amounts of fish meal giving crude protein (nitrogen x 6.25;
      CP) concentrations (g/kg) of 80 (seven meals), 120 (seven meals), 160 (five
      meals) and 240 (three meals). 2. During the post-prandial period, variations in
      the individual blood AA concentrations were parallel to those of total amino-N
      (Rerat et al. 1988) to a greater or lesser extent according to the AA considered.
      Portal concentrations, which always exceeded arterial ones (except for glutamic
      acid and glutamine), increased quickly and, after a peak, returned slowly to
      reach initial values (small intake) or above (large intake) after 8 h. 3.
      Relations between amounts of each AA appearing during 8 h after the meal and
      amounts ingested were characterized by a highly significant linear regression
      (with the exceptions of glutamic acid and cystine). There were also close and
      significant relations between amounts of AA absorbed during the first 2 and 4 h
      after the meal and the amounts ingested. 4. For a mean intake of 90 g CP,
      aromatic AA showed the highest hourly absorption coefficients (about 0.10/h), and
      sulphur-AA (0.07/h), lysine (0.07/h) and arginine (0.056/h) the lowest ones.
      Alanine was synthesized (amounts absorbed within 8 h exceeding those ingested) at
      the expense of glutamic acid (absorption coefficient 0.01/h). 5. For a given
      period of time, the AA absorption coefficients decreased with increasing intake,
      but not in the same proportions for all AA, resulting in an enrichment (lysine,
      arginine, serine, proline) or depletion (branched-chain AA, histidine) of the
      absorbed mixture. 6. Some substances of the urea cycle were synthesized in rather
      large amounts in the gut wall (for a mean level of intake of 90 g CP: citrulline
      2.41 g/8 h, ornithine 1.09 g/8 h). Blood glutamine was taken up by the gut wall
      in larger amounts (4.28 g/8 h).

PMID- 3408697
TI  - The digestion of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne cv. Melle) and white clover
      (Trifolium repens cv. Blanca) by grazing cattle.
AB  - 1. Pure swards of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne cv. Melle) as a primary
      growth (May), trimmed primary growth (early June) and regrowth (late June), and
      white clover (Trifolium repens cv. Blanca) as a mature primary growth (July) and
      vegetative regrowth (August), were grazed by twelve Friesian steers (mean body
      weights throughout experiment 152-231 kg) at daily allocation rates of forage
      which provided dry matter (DM) intakes ranging from 28 to 36 g/kg body-weight).
      2. Total nitrogen contents of the three ryegrasses declined with season (37-20
      g/kg DM), but in vitro organic matter (OM) digestibilities were relatively
      constant (0.76-0.79). The clovers had higher N (average 36.6 g/kg DM) and lower
      fibre and water-soluble carbohydrate contents than the grasses, and in vitro OM
      digestibilities of 0.70 and 0.76 respectively. 3. Duodenal digesta samples were
      obtained, using a portable sampling apparatus from the animals grazing the
      pasture, and estimates of the flow of nutrients into the small intestine were
      derived using two indigestible markers which were continuously infused into the
      rumen using a portable infusion apparatus. Forage intakes were calculated from
      estimates of faecal output of indigestible OM and the predicted in vivo OM
      digestibilities of the forages consumed. Coefficients of variation for OM flow to
      the small intestine and OM intake were 11.8 and 10.9% respectively. 4. The
      apparent digestion of OM in the rumen ranged from 722 to 741 g/kg digestible OM
      intake and from 681 to 711 g/kg digestible OM intake for the grass and clover
      diets respectively. Substantial losses of ingested N before the small intestine
      were measured on all diets except the regrowth ryegrass. Losses were 0.30 and
      0.40 g/g N intake on the primary growth ryegrass and the regrowth clover
      respectively; N contents were 37 and 39 g/kg DM respectively. 5. Comparison of
      the values obtained at pasture with that obtained when similar diets were offered
      to housed cattle (Beever et al. 1985) indicated that combined relations relating
      duodenal OM and non-ammonia-N (NAN) flows to OM and N intakes respectively could
      be established for each diet. For two diets (primary-growth grass and regrowth
      clover) the relations were curvilinear; for the remaining diets, the derived
      relations were linear.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3408699
TI  - Initial studies on leucine metabolism in the rumen of sheep.
AB  - 1. [3H]leucine infused directly into the rumen of sheep labelled microbial
      protein and, when compared with the specific activity of the rumen free-leucine
      pool, indicated that 50% of the bacterial protein leucine originated from the
      rumen free-leucine pool. 2. The lower limit for bacterial protein turnover in the
      rumen was 0.37/d when calculated as the difference between the specific rate of
      disappearances of labelled bacteria from the rumen and the liquid-phase dilution
      rate. 3. Intravenously infused leucine also labelled the rumen bacteria. The
      build-up of specific activity in the rumen bacteria was sigmoidal and did not
      resemble that of the salivary protein which suggested that the rumen epithelium
      was a major endogenous protein input to the rumen. Additionally, bacteria
      isolated from the rumen epithelium had high radioactivity indicating that they
      were ingesting the rumen epithelial cells.

PMID- 3408698
TI  - An evaluation of the relation between food consumption rate and equilibrium body
      weight in male rats.
AB  - 1. Two experimental approaches were employed to assess the relation between food
      consumption rate and maintenance requirements in male weanling rats. The first
      approach involved restricting food intake in rats previously given free access to
      food from weaning to 59 d of age. The second approach involved restriction of
      food intake to various levels after weaning. Maintenance requirements (g food/d
      per g body-weight (W] were estimated by dividing the rate of food consumption by
      the resulting equilibrium W (EBW) for each animal. In addition, food consumption
      was partitioned into growth-independent (maintenance) and growth-dependent (gain)
      components by alternately setting W and specific growth rate (W') to zero in an
      equation relating food intake rate to W and W'. Coupling coefficients
      representing maintenance consumption (g food/d per g W) and gain consumption (g
      food/g gain) were estimated for each animal by least squares. 2. Both techniques
      for estimating maintenance consumption provided similar estimates within and
      across experiments, and regardless of when food restriction was imposed or its
      severity, consumption for maintenance was about 5% W/d. 3. The EBW to which
      animals in each treatment group aspired was directly proportional to that group's
      food intake rate. 4. Coventional measures of growth efficiency were also related
      to food intake; efficiency decreased with decreasing food intake. Partitioning
      food consumption into maintenance and gain components revealed that as the rate
      of food intake decreased, the proportion of total intake consumed for maintenance
      increased. The results suggest that growth efficiency declines during food intake
      restriction because proportionately more of total intake is used for maintenance,
      leaving less available for gain.

PMID- 3408700
TI  - Quality improvement of sweet-potato (Ipomoea batatas L. Lam.) roots as feed by
      ensilage.
AB  - 1. Sweet-potato (Ipomoea batatas L. Lam.) strips (SPS) mixed with maize powder
      (CP) in proportions 10:0, 9:1, 8:2, and 7:3 were ensiled for 1, 2 or 3 months. 2.
      Trypsin inhibitor activity (TIA) decreased during ensilage in samples of all
      treatments while the SPS-CP mixture (7:3, w/w) ensiled for 3 months contained the
      lowest TIA. 3. SPS-CP (8:2, w/w) dried or ensiled for 2 months, or ensiled for 2
      months and dried, were each mixed with twice the amount of control diet (1:2,
      w/w) to make three diets. These three diets together with the control diet were
      used for a feeding experiment with rats to evaluate the nutritive value. 4.
      General composition analysis (including metabolizable energy), fatty acid
      composition and amino acid analysis (including percentage of essential amino
      acids) of the samples did not change during ensilage to an extent which could
      explain the improved performance of rats fed on ensiled diets. 5. Rats fed on
      diets containing dried SPS-CP (8:2, w/w) showed significantly lower (P less than
      0.05) body-weight gain than rats fed on the control diet or ensiled SPS diets, at
      the end of the 8th week. They also showed enlargement of the pancreas. The
      adverse effect of SPS was associated with TIA which seemed to be prevented to
      some extent by ensilage. 6. The possibility that the starch of SPS may also
      contribute to the adverse effect cannot be excluded at present.

PMID- 3408701
TI  - Degradation of hemicellulose and pectin by horse caecum contents.
AB  - 1. Polysaccharide depolymerases and glycoside hydrolases involved in the
      breakdown of plant structural polysaccharides (hemicellulose and pectins) were
      monitored in three fractions of the liquid phase of horse caecum digesta:
      acellular fluid (AF), bacteria (B) and protozoa plus bacteria (PB). 2. Both
      bacteria and protozoa were found to be involved in the decomposition of pectic
      substances, with two enzymic activities: depolymerase (polygalacturonase, EC
      3.2.1.15; and pectin lyase, EC 4.2.2.10) and esterase (pectinesterase, EC
      3.1.1.11). The activity of the PB fraction was higher than that of B. 3. With
      hemicellulosic substrates, all three fractions showed a significant xylan endo
      1,3-beta-xylosidase (EC 3.2.1.32) activity. Mannan was hardly broken down. 4.
      Galactomannan and arabinogalactan were broken down more extensively by the PB
      fraction than by the B fraction. Glycosidase activities (xylan 1,4-beta
      xylosidase, EC 3.2.1.37 and alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase, EC 3.2.1.55) were also
      observed.

PMID- 3408702
TI  - Nutritional status of healthy, active, Chinese elderly.
AB  - 1. Anthropometric indices are presented for 402 healthy Chinese elderly subjects
      leading an active life in the community in Hong Kong. 2. Women had higher body
      mass index (weight/height) and body fat, while fat-free mass, arm-muscle
      circumference and corrected arm-muscle area were higher in men. Body-mass index,
      fat-free mass, arm-muscle circumference and corrected arm-muscle area did not
      decline with age. Total body fat was lower in women aged 75 years and above
      compared with those aged 60-64 years. 3. All values were lower than those for
      elderly Caucasians. A different criteria for severe wasting malnutrition among
      elderly Chinese should be established.

PMID- 3408703
TI  - The effect of dietary modification and hyperglycaemia on gastric emptying and
      gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) secretion.
AB  - 1. Five healthy volunteers whose usual fat and energy intakes were moderately
      high (fat intake 155 (SE 11) g/d; energy intake 13683 (SE 909) kJ/d) were given
      on two separate occasions (a) 96 g fat and (b) 96 g fat and intravenous (IV)
      glucose (250 g glucose/l; 100 ml followed by a 2 ml/min infusion for 180 min). 2.
      Subjects continued on a low-fat diet for 35 d (fat intake 25 (SE 4) g/d; energy
      intake 6976 (SE 539) kJ/d) and the tests repeated. 3. The gastric inhibitory
      polypeptide (GIP) response to oral fat was significantly attenuated by IV glucose
      whilst subjects were consuming their normal diets and the GIP response to fat
      alone was significantly diminished during the low-fat diet. Post-prandial plasma
      triglycerides, light scattering indices (LSI; an index of post-prandial
      chylomicronaemia) and paracetamol levels paralleled the integrated GIP responses
      on both normal and low-fat diets. 4. The study of oral fat with or without
      glucose was repeated on seven further volunteers consuming their usual diet,
      substituting 10 MBq 99Tcm-labelled tin colloid for the paracetamol to investigate
      the rate of gastric emptying by radionuclide imaging. 5. Plasma GIP, insulin,
      triglyceride and LSI levels were similar to those found in the first study. IV
      glucose almost doubled the gastric emptying time of the oral fat load (half
      emptying time (t1/2) 148 (SE 11) min after fat alone and 224 (SE 18) min after
      fat and IV glucose). Post-prandial plasma motilin levels were significantly
      depressed by IV glucose.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3408704
TI  - The effect of Intralipid infusion on the human leucocyte sodium-pump in vivo.
AB  - 1. The effect of unsaturated long-chain non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) on the
      human leucocyte sodium-pump was studied in vivo. 2. Plasma NEFA level was raised
      acutely from 0.28 (SD 0.10) to 2.54 (SD 0.48) mmol/l by infusion of 'Intralipid
      20%' (trademark) at 90 ml/h with heparin, and the human leucocyte 22Na efflux
      rate constants were studied in eight normal weight males. 3. After 3 h, there was
      a significant lowering of the total (from 3.97 (SD 0.92) to 3.10 (SD 0.71)/h; P
      less than 0.01) and ouabain-sensitive 22Na efflux rate constants (from 2.89 (SD
      0.55) to 2.37 (SD 0.62)/h; P less than 0.02). Ouabain-insensitive efflux rate
      constants showed a tendency to fall (from 1.08 (SD 0.51) to 0.73 (SD 0.23)/h).
      Leucocyte potassium content remained unchanged, but sodium content rose from 31
      (SD 12) to 38 (SD 18) mmol/kg dry weight (P less than 0.05). Total, ouabain
      insensitive and ouabain-sensitive efflux rates did not change significantly
      during the Intralipid-heparin infusion. 4. Plasma insulin levels rose gradually
      throughout the 3 h infusion period. 5. In conclusion, NEFA, when raised to
      pathological levels, can inhibit the leucocyte Na-pump in vivo even in the
      presence of physiological levels of serum albumin, and may increase insulin
      secretion.

PMID- 3408705
TI  - The effect of a dietary supplement of n-3 polyunsaturated fat on platelet lipid
      composition, platelet function and platelet plasma membrane fluidity in healthy
      volunteers.
AB  - 1. Eight healthy male volunteers (aged 22-39 years) supplemented their normal
      daily diet with 15 g encapsulated fish oil (MaxEPA) for a 6 week period. Fasting
      blood samples were taken before, at the completion of and 3 months after the
      period of supplementation. 2. Evaluation of nutrient intakes showed that the
      intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids rose significantly (P less than 0.01)
      during supplementation. This was reflected in changes in the fatty acid
      composition of platelet phosphatidyl choline (PC) and phosphatidyl ethanolamine
      (PE) without any changes in phosphatidyl serine, phosphatidyl inositol or
      sphingomyelin. 3. In both PC and PE there were significant (P less than 0.05)
      increases in the levels of 18:1n-9 and 20:5n-3 fatty acids and a significant (P
      less than 0.05) decrease in 20:4n-6 during supplementation. 16:0 rose
      significantly in PC (P less than 0.05) while in PE, 18:0 fell and both 22:5n-3
      and 22:6n-3 rose significantly (P less than 0.05). 4. There were no significant
      effects of fish-oil supplementation on serum lipids, platelet cholesterol:
      phospholipid, collagen-induced platelet aggregation or collagen-induced platelet
      thromboxane B2 production. However, there was a significant correlation (P less
      than 0.001; r + 0.63) between total phospholipid arachidonic acid and platelet
      thromboxane production. 5. The fluorescent probe 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene
      was used to determine whether fish-oil supplementation altered fluorescence
      polarization of isolated platelet plasma membrane and, by inference, platelet
      plasma membrane fluidity. No significant effect of fish-oil supplementation on
      fluorescence polarization was seen.

PMID- 3408707
TI  - Contribution of liver, skin and skeletal muscle to whole-body protein synthesis
      in the young lamb.
AB  - 1. Protein fractional synthesis rate (FSR) was measured in some major tissues and
      in the whole body of six 1-week-old sucking lambs by a large injection of L
      [3H]valine. 2. Upper estimates of tissue protein FSR (%/d), assuming that the
      tissue-homogenate free-valine specific radioactivity defined that of valyl tRNA,
      were 115.0 in liver, 24.1 in skin, 22.9 in the white M. tensor fasciae latae,
      21.6 in the red M. diaphragma and 19.6 in the remainder (exsanguinated whole body
      without liver and gastrointestinal tract) of lambs. 3. Absolute synthesis rates
      (ASR) of tissue protein were 17, 19 and 42 g/d in the liver, skin and skeletal
      muscle respectively, and 112 g/d in the remainder. The ASR of whole-body protein,
      derived from the tissue values, was 146 g/d, i.e. 33 g/d per kg body-weight. The
      calculated whole-body protein FSR was 23.9%/d. 4. The relative percentage
      contribution of liver, skin and skeletal muscle to whole-body protein synthesis
      was 11.7, 13.1, and 29.0. 5. We concluded that tissue protein FSR in lambs were
      in exactly the same decreasing order, from visceral tissues to skeletal muscles,
      as observed in rats. The ovine FSR estimates and the partitioning of protein
      synthesis between tissues were in the same range as values recently obtained by
      flooding-dose experiments in immature rats, piglets, and even in chicks. These
      findings suggest that inter-species differences are rather limited.

PMID- 3408706
TI  - Effect of dietary methionine on tissue selenium and glutathione peroxidase (EC
      1.11.1.9) activity in rats given selenomethionine.
AB  - 1. The effect of dietary methionine on the utilization of selenium from dietary
      selenomethionine [( Se]Met) for tissue Se deposition and for glutathione
      peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.9; GSH-Px) synthesis was studied in male weanling rats. 2.
      When rats were given 0.5 mg Se as [Se]Met/kg diet supplemented with 0, 4 or 9 g
      methionine/kg, Se in plasma, erythrocytes, liver and muscle increased
      significantly over the 20 d period for all methionine-treatment groups. The
      increases in erythrocyte and muscle Se, however, were significantly higher in
      rats fed on the methionine-deficient diet compared with the methionine
      supplemented diets. 3. In contrast to the increases in tissue Se, GSH-Px activity
      in liver, plasma and muscle decreased in methionine-deficient rats given 0.5 mg
      Se as [Se]Met/kg whereas GSH-Px activity was maintained or increased in rats
      supplemented with methionine. 4. The percentage of tissue Se associated with GSH
      Px was calculated from the measured Se concentration and GSH-Px activity. A
      significantly lower percentage of Se was associated with GSH-Px in methionine
      deficient rats compared with methionine-supplemented rats. 5. These results show
      that Se from dietary [Se]Met is preferentially incorporated into body proteins
      rather than used for GSH-Px synthesis when methionine is limiting in the diet. 6.
      These results further suggest that [Se]Met might not be the optimum Se compound
      to use for Se supplementation because metabolism of dietary [Se]Met to a
      biochemically active form, such as GSH-Px, was impaired when [Se]Met was provided
      in diets low in methionine.

PMID- 3408708
TI  - Absorption kinetics of dietary hydrolysis products in conscious pigs given diets
      with different amounts of fish protein. 1. Amino-nitrogen and glucose.
AB  - 1. Concentrations of amino-nitrogen, glucose, reducing sugars and lactic acid in
      blood obtained from arterial and portal permanent catheters were measured
      together with the portal hepatic blood flow-rate during a post-prandial period of
      8 h in twenty unanaesthetized pigs (initial mean body-weight 52.3 (SEM 0.9) kg)
      receiving experimental meals (200-1000 g) at 3-4 d intervals from 6-8 to 20 d
      after surgical implantation of the catheters and electromagnetic flow probe. The
      semi-synthetic starch-based diets contained variable amounts of fish meal given
      crude protein (nitrogen x 6.25; CP) concentrations (g CP/kg) of 80 (seven meals),
      120 (twenty-two meals), 160 (six meals) and 240 (nine meals). 2. After the meal
      the concentration of amino-N increased with increasing levels of protein intake
      and increased more in the portal than in the arterial blood. There were
      significant relations between amounts of amino-N appearing in the portal blood at
      various time-intervals after the meal and the level of protein intake. Values for
      the ratio, amount absorbed within 8 h: amount ingested (absorption coefficient:
      0.633 for a mean intake of 13.4 g N) decreased with increasing level of protein
      intake. 3. There was a rise in glycaemia after the meal, increasing with the
      amount of carbohydrate eaten, and this was more marked in the portal than in the
      arterial blood. There were also significant relations between amounts of glucose
      absorbed and amounts of starch ingested. However, the appearance of glucose in
      the portal blood was less marked than that of amino-N since the absorption
      coefficient within 8 h was lower (0.504 for a mean intake of 291 g reducing
      sugars). This was most probably due to a larger uptake of glucose by the
      intestinal cell wall. 4. Amounts of lactic acid appearing in the portal vein
      during the post-prandial period did not depend on amounts ingested; they ranged
      from 3 to 1.6 g/h from the 1st to the 8th hour after the meal.

PMID- 3408709
TI  - Size and structure of the hydrophobic low molecular weight surfactant-associated
      polypeptide.
AB  - The most abundant low molecular weight protein of pulmonary surfactant has
      unusual properties. Its primary structure has now been determined by analysis at
      the protein level. The highly hydrophobic polypeptide is resistant to cleavage
      with proteolytic enzymes, but it was possible to generate fragments by limited
      cleavage with concentrated HCl or with sodium in liquid ammonia. Acid hydrolysis
      of the peptide required exceptional conditions for release of all residues. The N
      terminus is heterogeneous, and in its longest form the primary structure consists
      of 35 residues. This analysis establishes that the size of the major native
      hydrophobic surfactant polypeptide is considerably smaller than previously
      proposed. Biological effects of the polypeptide recombined with phospholipids are
      confirmed in vitro by using a pulsating bubble system and in vivo by using
      premature newborn rabbits. The molecule has branched-chain amino acid residues at
      about two-thirds of all positions and lacks nine types of residue. The middle
      third is composed entirely of hydrophobic residues, and fragments from this part
      are sparingly soluble even in organic solvents. The hydrophobic region is
      preceded by a more hydrophilic, N-terminal segment. Thus, the molecule has two
      contrasting parts, like a detergent, which may explain its essential role in the
      pulmonary surfactant system.

PMID- 3408710
TI  - Uptake of cesium ions by human erythrocytes and perfused rat heart: a cesium-133
      NMR study.
AB  - Cesium-133 NMR studies have been carried out on suspended human erythrocytes and
      on perfused rat hearts in media containing CsCl. The resulting spectra exhibit
      two sharp resonances, arising from intra- and extracellular Cs+, separated in
      chemical shift by 1.0-1.4 ppm. Thus, intra- and extracellular resonances are
      easily resolved without the addition of paramagnetic shift reagents required to
      resolve resonances of the other alkali metal ions. Spin-lattice relaxation times
      in all cases are monoexponential and significantly shorter (3-4 times) for the
      intracellular component. When corrections are made for the pulse repetition rate,
      the total intensity of the intracellular and extracellular Cs+ resonances in
      erythrocytes is conserved, implying total observability of the intracellular
      pool. The uptake of Cs+ by erythrocytes occurs at approximately one-third the
      reported rate for K+ and was reduced by a factor of 2 upon addition of ouabain to
      the sample. These results indicate that 133Cs NMR is a promising tool for
      studying the distribution and transport of cesium ions in biological systems and,
      in some cases such as uptake by cellular Na,K-ATPase, for analysis of K+ ion
      metabolism.

PMID- 3408711
TI  - Stabilization of microtubules by inorganic phosphate and its structural
      analogues, the fluoride complexes of aluminum and beryllium.
AB  - In order to elucidate how the elementary reactions of GTP cleavage and subsequent
      inorganic phosphate (Pi) release, which accompany microtubule assembly, regulate
      microtubule dynamics, the effect of Pi and of its structural analogues AlF4- and
      BeF3- on the stability of GDP-microtubules has been investigated. Inorganic
      phosphate binds to microtubules with a low affinity (KD = 25 mM) and slows down
      the rate of GDP-subunit dissociation by about 2 orders of magnitude. AlF4- and
      BeF3- exhibit phosphate-like effects with 1000-fold higher affinity. Evidence has
      been obtained for direct binding of BeF3- to microtubules with a stoichiometry of
      1 mol of BeF3- per mole of GDP-subunit and an equilibrium dissociation constant
      of 12-15 microM. AlF4- and Pi compete for this site. Phosphate analogues abolish
      oscillatory polymerization kinetics and slow down microtubule turnover at steady
      state. In view of these results, we propose that Pi and its structural analogues
      bind to the site of the gamma-phosphate of GTP in the E site and reconstitute a
      GDP-Pi-microtubule, from which tubulin subunits dissociate very slowly. We
      therefore understand that, following GTP cleavage on microtubules, Pi release in
      the medium is accompanied by a structural change resulting in a large
      destabilization of the polymer. A cap of slowly dissociating GDP-Pi-subunits
      prevents depolymerization of the microtubule GDP-core at steady state. The
      similarity with the actin system [Carlier, M.-F., & Pantaloni, D. (1988) J. Biol.
      Chem. 263, 817-825] is underlined.

PMID- 3408712
TI  - Type I collagen alpha-1 chain C-telopeptide: solution structure determined by 600
      MHz proton NMR spectroscopy and implications for its role in collagen
      fibrillogenesis.
AB  - The solution conformation of the alpha-1 chain C-telopeptide has been studied by
      circular dichroism (CD) and 600-MHz 1H NMR spectroscopy in 60% CD3OH/40% H2O
      solution. The C-telopeptide contains 27 amino acids which form the C-terminal end
      of the alpha-1 collagen polypeptide chain. By the combined application of various
      two-dimensional, phase-sensitive NMR techniques (COSY, RELAY, NOESY, ROESY), a
      nearly complete assignment of all proton resonances was achieved. Furthermore,
      the backbone conformation could be established, on the basis of coupling constant
      and NOE data. The spectroscopic evidence indicates that large sections of the
      peptide exist in a nonrandom, extended conformation and that there are two
      segments of higher mobility around the two Gly-Gly units in positions 2,3 and
      20,21. Despite these hingelike, flexible sections no measurable fold-back of any
      of the extended parts was evident. On the basis of this structure, a model is
      proposed for the simultaneous interaction of the C-telopeptide with two adjacent
      collagen triple helices within the growing collagen fibril.

PMID- 3408713
TI  - Sequence-specific assignments in the 1H NMR spectrum of the human inflammatory
      protein C5a.
AB  - Full sequence-specific assignments for the 1H NMR lines of the backbone protons
      of the human complement factor C5a are described and documented. The results were
      obtained by largely following the methodology developed by Wuthrich et al.
      [Wuthrich, K., Wider, G., Wagner, G., & Braun, W. (1982) J. Mol. Biol. 155, 311].
      Assignments for the majority of the amino acid side chain protons were obtained
      by using a comparison of double- and triple-quantum-filtered two-dimensional
      correlated experiments together with the analysis of relayed coherence transfer
      spectra. The assignments provide the basis for the determination of the thus far
      unknown three-dimensional structure of C5a from nuclear Overhauser enhancement
      distance constraints.

PMID- 3408714
TI  - A kinetic light-scattering study of the binding of wheat germ protein synthesis
      initiation factor 3 to 40S ribosomal subunits and 80S ribosomes.
AB  - The rate constants for eucaryotic initiation factor 3 (eIF3) association and
      dissociation with 40S ribosomal subunits and 80S monosomes have been determined.
      These rate constants were determined by laser light scattering with unmodified
      eIF3. The affinity of eIF3 for 40S subunits is about 30-fold greater than for 80S
      ribosomes. This difference in affinity resides mainly in the association rate
      constants. Rate constants of 8.8 X 10(7) and 7.3 X 10(6) M-1 s-1 were obtained
      for eIF3 binding to 40S subunits and 80S ribosomes, respectively. From
      thermodynamic cycles, the affinity of eIF3-40S subunits for 60S subunits is about
      30-fold lower than free 40S subunits for 60S subunits. A calculation shows that
      under these conditions and assuming simple equilibria, approximately 12% of
      ribosomal subunits would associate via a reaction of 40S-eIF3 with 60S subunits
      as opposed to a path where eIF3 dissociates from the 40S subunits prior to
      association with 60S subunits.

PMID- 3408716
TI  - Properties of thrombin- and elastase-modified human antithrombin III.
AB  - Proteolytically modified forms of human antithrombin III have been prepared by
      reaction of native antithrombin with thrombin, human neutrophil elastase, or
      porcine pancreatic elastase. These forms have two chains disulfide linked and are
      of the same molecular weight as native antithrombin III. 1H NMR spectroscopy has
      been used to characterize these proteins and to compare them to one another and
      to native antithrombin III. The three modified proteins have very similar NMR
      spectra and histidine residues with identical pH titration parameters, and they
      undergo the same spectral changes upon binding heparin. They differ from native
      antithrombin III in all of these respects. In addition, the proteins are much
      more stable than native antithrombin III. The three modified proteins behave
      identically as a function of temperature; at 372 K, 44 K above the unfolding
      temperature for native antithrombin III, the proteins are still folded and
      possess approximately 70 unexchanged amide protons even after several hours. The
      unfolding of the heparin binding domain at low concentrations of deuteriated
      guanidine hydrochloride seen in native thrombin III is absent in the modified
      forms. It is concluded that the thrombin- and elastase-modified forms of
      antithrombin have identical structures when allowance is made for the slightly
      different sites of cleavage by the two types of elastase and by thrombin. This
      structure is very different from that of native antithrombin III.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3408715
TI  - Characterization of R5020 and RU486 binding to progesterone receptor from calf
      uterus.
AB  - We have examined and compared the binding characteristics of the progesterone
      agonist R5020 [promegestone, 17,21-dimethylpregna-4,9(10)-diene-3,20-dione] and
      the progesterone antagonist RU486 [mifepristone, 17 beta-hydroxy-11 beta-[4
      (dimethylamino) phenyl]-17 alpha-(prop-1-ynyl)-estra-4,9-dien-3-one] in calf
      uterine cytosol. Both steroids bound cytosol macromolecule(s) with high affinity,
      exhibiting Kd values of 5.6 and 3.6 nM for R5020 and RU486 binding, respectively.
      The binding of the steroids to the macromolecule(s) was rapid at 4 degrees C,
      showing saturation of binding sites at 1-2 h for [3H]progesterone and 2-4 h for
      both [3H]R5020 and [3H]RU486. Addition of molybdate and glycerol to cytosol
      increased the extent of [3H]R5020 binding. The extent of [3H]RU486 binding
      remained unchanged in the presence of molybdate, whereas glycerol had an
      inhibitory effect. Molybdate alone or in combination with glycerol stabilized the
      [3H]R5020- and [3H]RU486-receptor complexes at 37 degrees C. Although the rate of
      association of [3H]RU486 with the cytosolic macromolecule was slower than that of
      [3H]R5020, its dissociation from the ligand-macromolecule complex was
      significantly slower than [3H]R5020. Competitive steroid binding analysis
      revealed that [3H]progesterone, [3H]R5020, and [3H]RU486 compete for the same
      site(s) in the uterine cytosol, suggesting that all three bind to the
      progesterone receptor (PR). Sedimentation rate analysis showed that both steroids
      were bound to a molecule that sediments in the 8S region. The 8S [3H]R5020 and
      [3H]RU486 peaks were abolished by excess radioinert progesterone, RU486, or
      R5020.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3408717
TI  - Physical state of cholesteryl esters deposited in cultured macrophages.
AB  - J774 macrophages load with cholesteryl ester (CE) when incubated with acetylated
      low-density lipoprotein and cholesterol-rich liposomes; the CE accumulates as
      cytoplasmic inclusions 1-2 micron in diameter. The CE core of the droplet
      comprises about 90% of its mass; the predominant CE species present are
      cholesteryl palmitate (CP, 41%) and cholesteryl oleate (CO, 37%). The
      thermotropic properties of the inclusions, both in intact cells and after
      isolation, have been characterized by differential scanning calorimetry. On
      heating, the inclusions exhibit two endothermic transitions at about 41 and 53
      degrees C with a total enthalpy of 7.7 +/- 1.2 cal/g of CE. Very similar thermal
      behavior is exhibited by a binary mixture containing equal weights of CO and CP;
      this indicates that these two species dominate the phase behavior of CE in J774
      inclusions. A phase diagram for the CO/CP system has been generated, and this
      reflects simple eutectic behavior. The eutectic is 83% w/w CO, and it melts at 49
      50 degrees C. Below this temperature, CO and CP form two immiscible crystalline
      phases due to the very limited ability of the unsaturated oleate and saturated
      palmitate acyl chains to mix in the crystal phase. On heating a 1/1 w/w CO/CP
      mixture, an isotropic liquid of eutectic composition forms at 49 degrees C, and
      the remaining crystalline cholesteryl palmitate melts over the temperature range
      50-69 degrees C. The phase diagram indicates that bulk mixtures of CE molecules
      in J774 inclusions should be crystalline at 37 degrees C, the growth temperature
      of the cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3408718
TI  - S-(2-chloroacetyl)glutathione, a reactive glutathione thiol ester and a putative
      metabolite of 1,1-dichloroethylene.
AB  - Conversion of the toxic vinyl halide 1,1-dichloroethylene (DCE) to S-(2-S
      glutathionyl-acetyl)glutathione (GSCH2COSG) involves sequential acylation and
      alkylation of two glutathione (GSH) molecules by the microsomal DCE metabolite
      ClCH2COCl. To examine its possible role in DCE biotransformation, we synthesized
      the putative intermediate S-(2-chloroacetyl)glutathione (ClCH2COSG). In aqueous
      buffer, ClCH2COSG did not hydrolyze to release GSH, but instead underwent a two
      step rearrangement to yield a cyclic product. Product analyses by liquid
      secondary ion mass spectrometry and 1H-13C heteronuclear correlation nuclear
      magnetic resonance spectroscopy indicated that rearrangement involved initial
      transfer of the chloroacetyl moiety from the cysteinyl thiol to the gamma
      glutamyl alpha-amine. The cysteinyl thiol then displaced chloride from the 2
      chloroacetyl methylene carbon to yield the cyclic product. Incubation of 2 mM
      ClCH2COSG with 20 mM GSH yielded approximately 4.5-fold more cyclic product than
      GSCH2COSG. ClCH2COSG alkylated oxytocindithiol and N-acetyl-L-cysteine to yield S
      [2-(alkylthio)acetyl]glutathione adducts analogous to GSCH2COSG. S-2
      Chloroacetylation products were absent. In reacting with thiols by alkylation and
      in decomposing by rearrangement, ClCH2COSG displayed properties strikingly
      different from those of ClCH2COCl. Although much less reactive than its acyl
      halide precursor, ClCH2COSG may display greater selectivity in covalent
      modification of cellular targets in DCE intoxication.

PMID- 3408719
TI  - L-[2,5-H2]phenylalanine, an alternate substrate for rat liver phenylalanine
      hydroxylase.
AB  - The phenylalanine analogue L-[2,5-H2]phenylalanine (1) was found to be a viable
      substrate (KM = 0.45 mM, kcat = 8 s-1) for L-phenylalanine-activated, rat liver
      phenylalanine hydroxylase (EC 1.14.16.1) (PAH). The PAH-catalyzed oxidation of 1
      was stoichiometric with the oxidation of cofactor, 6-methyl-tetrahydropterin.
      Spectral and chromatographic data of the product from the oxidation of 1 by PAH
      were found to be in accord with a 3,4-epoxide. The enzymatic epoxidation of 1 is
      consistent with the hypothesis of an intermediate arene oxide on the reaction
      coordinate for PAH hydroxylation of L-phenylalanine.

PMID- 3408720
TI  - Molecular properties of p-(dimethylamino)benzaldehyde bound to liver alcohol
      dehydrogenase: a Raman spectroscopic study.
AB  - We have studied the binding nature of an aromatic aldehyde to the catalytic site
      of liver alcohol dehydrogenase from horse (LADH) using preresonance Raman
      spectroscopy. The compound p-(dimethylamino)benzaldehyde (DABA) is converted to
      the corresponding alcohol in the presence of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
      (NADH) and a catalytic amount of enzyme at neutral pH. A stable ternary complex
      of LADH/NADH/DABA can be formed if enzyme and coenzyme are in excess at high pH
      [Jagodzinski, P. W., Funk, G. F., & Peticolas, W. L. (1982) Biochemistry 21, 2193
      2202]. We have obtained the preresonance Raman spectrum of bound DABA by
      subtracting the contribution of the binary complex of LADH/NADH from the spectrum
      of this stable ternary complex. In order to understand the normal mode patterns
      of DABA, four isotopically labeled DABA derivatives were synthesized and their
      Raman spectra, in solution and in the ternary complex, were measured. Three of
      these compounds contain substitutions in the functionally important aldehyde
      moiety: (i) In one such substitution, the aldehydic hydrogen atom was replaced by
      a deuterium; (ii) in another, this hydrogen atom was replaced by deuterium, and
      the aldehydic carbon atom was replaced by 13C; and (iii) in the third derivative,
      only the carbon atom was replaced by 13C. The fourth derivative has had the two
      hydrogen atoms at the 3- and 5-positions of the DABA ring replaced by deuterium
      atoms. We find that many of the spectral modes are fairly extended, involving
      both stretching and bending motions of the entire molecule, although a few modes
      are quite localized. We find that the normal mode structure of DABA changes
      considerably when it binds to LADH/NADH. As a model for the bound DABA, we have
      examined the zinc complexes of DABA (and all four isotopically labeled samples)
      in anhydrous diethyl ether and methylene chloride. A striking correspondence
      between the Raman spectra of the enzyme-bound DABA and DABA-Zn complexes in
      solution is found, which extends to all the isotopically labeled derivatives.
      This suggests that one of the major roles of LADH in the binding of DABA is to
      provide a divalent zinc ion to form a first-sphere Lewis acid complex. The data
      also suggest other interactions between enzyme-bound DABA with its protein
      surroundings and with the coenzyme NADH are quite minor. An estimate of the
      carbonyl bond character of bound DABA had been made on the basis of the response
      of Raman bands to isotopic labeling and on trends observed in spectra of DABA in
      solvents of various polarities.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3408721
TI  - Identification of amino acid residues involved in substrate recognition by the
      catalytic subunit of bovine cyclic AMP dependent protein kinase: peptide-based
      affinity labels.
AB  - Two peptide-based affinity inactivators Ac-Leu-(BrAc)Orn-Arg-Ala-Ser-Leu-Gly (4)
      and Ac-Leu-Arg-(BrAc)Orn-Ala-Ser-Leu-Gly (5) were prepared as probes for the
      study of the nature of the active-site residues in the catalytic subunit of
      cyclic AMP dependent protein kinase. Under conditions of inhibitor in excess,
      both peptides inactivated the catalytic subunit by an apparent biphasic process.
      A fast phase, which inactivated the protein by approximately 40%, was followed by
      a slow phase that accounted for the loss of the remaining enzyme activity.
      Protection experiments with the kinase substrates showed that the slow phase of
      inactivation was active site directed, while the fast phase was not. Studies with
      radioactively labeled peptides 4 and 5 indicated incorporation of two peptide
      residues per molecule of the catalytic subunit upon complete inactivation. This
      observation is consistent with the occurrence of one alkylation event in each
      phase of the inactivation. The protein was proteolyzed subsequent to its
      modification with radioactive peptides. High-performance liquid chromatography
      afforded two radioactive peptide fragments in each case, which were sequenced by
      Edman degradation. Peptide 4 alkylated Thr-197 and Glu-346, while peptide 5
      modified Cys-199 and also Glu-346. Data are presented to support the conclusion
      that Thr-197 and Cys-199 are located at or near the active site.

PMID- 3408722
TI  - Structure of lamellar lipid domains and corneocyte envelopes of murine stratum
      corneum. An X-ray diffraction study.
AB  - The lipid of the outermost layer of the skin is confined largely to the
      extracellular spaces surrounding the corneocytes of the stratum corneum where it
      forms a multilamellar adhesive matrix to act as the major permeability barrier of
      the skin. Knowledge of the molecular architecture of these intercellular domains
      is important for understanding various skin pathologies and their treatment,
      percutaneous drug delivery, and the cosmetic maintenance of the skin. We have
      surveyed by X-ray diffraction the structure of the intercellular domains and the
      extracted lipids of murine stratum corneum (SC) at 25, 45, and 70 degrees C which
      are temperatures in the vicinity of known thermal phase transitions [Rehfeld, S.
      J., & Elias, P. M. (1982) J. Invest. Dermatol. 79, 1-3]. The intercellular
      domains produce lamellar diffraction patterns with a Bragg spacing of 131 +/- 2
      A. Lipid extracted from the SC and dispersed in excess water does not produce a
      simple lamellar diffraction pattern at any temperature studied, however. This and
      other facts suggest that another component, probably a protein, must be present
      to control the architecture of the intercellular lipid domains. We have also
      obtained diffraction patterns attributable to the protein envelopes of the
      corneocytes. The patterns suggest a beta-pleated sheet organizational scheme. No
      diffraction patterns were observed that could be attributed to keratin.

PMID- 3408723
TI  - A minimum number of lipids are required to support the functional properties of
      the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.
AB  - The detergent sodium cholate was used to both solubilize and partially delipidate
      the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor from Torpedo californica. Using both native
      membranes and reconstituted membranes, it is shown that the detergent to lipid
      molar ratio is the most important parameter in determining the effect of the
      detergent on the functional properties of the receptor. Receptor-lipid complexes
      were quantitatively separated from detergent and excess lipids by centrifugation
      through detergent-free sucrose gradients. The lipid to protein molar ratio of the
      complexes could be precisely controlled by adjusting the cholate and lipid
      concentrations of the starting membranes. Analyses of both ion influx activity
      and ligand binding revealed that a minimum of 45 lipids per receptor was required
      for stabilization of the receptor in a fully functional state. Progressive
      irreversible inactivation occurred as the lipid to protein mole ratio was
      decreased below 45, and complete inactivation occurred below a ratio of 20. The
      results are consistent with a functional requirement for a single shell of lipids
      around the perimeter of the receptor.

PMID- 3408724
TI  - Identification of cysteine-644 as the covalent site of attachment of
      dexamethasone 21-mesylate to murine glucocorticoid receptors in WEHI-7 cells.
AB  - Dexamethasone 21-mesylate is a highly specific synthetic glucocorticoid
      derivative that binds covalently to glucocorticoid receptors via sulfhydryl
      groups. We have identified the amino acid that reacts with the dexamethasone 21
      mesylate by using enzymatic digestion and microsequencing for radiolabel.
      Nonactivated glucocorticoid receptors obtained from labeling intact WEHI-7 mouse
      thymoma cells with [3H]dexamethasone 21-mesylate were immunopurified and analyzed
      by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The purified
      approximately 100-kDa steroid-binding subunit was eluted from gel slices and
      subjected to enzymatic digestion. Trypsin digestion followed by reversed-phase
      high-performance liquid chromatography (reversed-phase HPLC) produced a single
      [3H]dexamethasone 21-mesylate labeled peptide. Automated Edman degradation of
      this peptide revealed that the [3H]dexamethasone 21-mesylate was located at
      position 5 from the amino terminus. Dual-isotope labeling studies with
      [3H]dexamethasone 21-mesylate and [35S]methionine demonstrated that this peptide
      contained methionine. Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease digestion of
      [3H]dexamethasone 21-mesylate labeled steroid-binding subunits generated a
      different radiolabeled peptide containing label at position 7 from the amino
      terminus. On the basis of the published amino acid sequence of the murine
      glucocorticoid receptor, our data clearly identify cysteine-644 as the single
      residue in the steroid-binding domain that covalently binds dexamethasone 21
      mesylate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3408725
TI  - Endogenous glycosphingolipid acceptor specificity of sialosyltransferase systems
      in intact Golgi membranes, synaptosomes, and synaptic plasma membranes from rat
      brain.
AB  - Preparations highly enriched in Golgi complex membranes, synaptosomes, and
      synaptic plasma membranes (SPM) by marker enzyme analysis and electron
      microscopic morphology were made from the brains of 28-day-old rats. These were
      incubated with cytidine 5'-monophosphate-N-acetyl[14C]neuraminic acid (CMP-NeuAc)
      in a physiologic buffer, without detergents. Glycolipid sialosyltransferase
      activities (SATs) were measured by analyzing incorporation of radiolabeled NeuAc
      into endogenous membrane gangliosides. Golgi SAT was diversified in producing all
      the various molecular species of labeled gangliosides [2.64 pmol of NeuAc
      transferred (mg of protein)-1 h-1]. Synaptosomal SAT exhibited a lower activity
      [0.66 pmol (mg of protein)-1 h-1], but it was highly specific in its labeling
      pattern, with a marked preference for labeling NeuAc alpha 2----8NeuAc alpha 2---
      3Gal beta 1----4Glc beta 1----1 Cer (GD3 ganglioside). SPM prepared from the
      synaptosomes retained the GD3-related SAT (or SAT-2), and the total specific
      activity increased [1.41 pmol (mg of protein)-1 h-1], which suggests that the
      location of the synaptosomal activity is in the SPM. These results indicate that
      SAT activity in Golgi membranes differs from that in synaptosomes with regard to
      endogenous acceptor substrate specificity and SAT activity of synaptosomes should
      be located in the synaptosomal plasma membrane. This SAT could function as an
      ectoenzyme in concert with ecto-sialidase to modulate the GD3 and other
      ganglioside population in situ at the SPM of the central nervous system.

PMID- 3408726
TI  - Thiol- and pH-modulated slow conformational changes and cooperativity of phenol
      binding sites in phenol hydroxylase.
AB  - Spectrophotometric titration of phenol hydroxylase (EC 1.14.13.7) with phenol
      indicated interacting sites for phenol binding. In the absence of added thiol,
      the cooperativity was positive up to a pH around 8.0 but negative at higher pH
      values. With added thiol-ethylenediaminetetraacetate, the cooperativity was
      negative at all investigated pH values. Conversely, a corresponding titration of
      an enzyme preparation that had been selectively modified in its two most reactive
      SH groups indicated positive cooperativity at all studied pH values. This
      selective modification affects the activity of the enzyme to a very minor degree,
      in contrast to more extensive SH blocking, which displaces flavin adenine
      dinucleotide with a corresponding loss of activity [Neujahr, H. Y., & Gaal, A.
      (1975) Eur. J. Biochem. 58, 351-357]. The reactivity of SH groups in the enzyme
      was significantly decreased after turnover. Thiol treatment restored it to that
      of the native enzyme. Adding phenol prior to reduced nicotinamide adenine
      dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) in the assay of phenol hydroxylase gave immediate
      linearity and higher initial rates than when NADPH was added first. In the
      absence of added thiol, there was then a shift of the pH optimum. The results
      indicate slow conformational changes limiting the rate of the overall reaction.
      The two most reactive SH groups of phenol hydroxylase, though not participating
      in any obvious redox reactions, are important for these slow conformational
      changes and for the cooperativity of phenol-binding sites, wherein the anionic S-
      forms may be involved (pKa for cysteine is 8.35).

PMID- 3408727
TI  - Kinetics of disulfide exchange reactions of monomer and dimer loops of cysteine
      valine-cysteine peptides.
AB  - Rate constants have been determined in 3 M guanidine hydrochloride for disulfide
      exchange reactions between glutathione and two synthetic peptides containing a
      cysteine-valine-cysteine region. Equilibrium experiments demonstrate the absence
      of noncovalent peptide aggregation in this solvent. Procedures are given for
      separating seven different components in quenched reactions, including the fully
      reduced cysteine cluster, the monomeric disulfide loop, parallel and antiparallel
      dimer loops, and the three monomers containing one or two mixed disulfides with
      glutathione. Intramolecular rate constants for (1) formation of a sterically
      strained monomer loop, (2) transfer of glutathione between the two cysteines on
      the same peptide chain, and (3) formation of unstrained dimer loops correspond to
      a series of processes forming rings of increasing size. In one sequence, these
      rate constants are 3, 6, and about 21 s-1, respectively. The larger loops are
      formed more easily. In the other sequence, rate constants for formation and
      opening of monomer loops are accelerated 180- and 1300-fold, respectively,
      relative to analogous reactions in a peptide containing eight residues between
      the two cysteines. This gives a 7-fold smaller equilibrium constant for ring
      closure in the cysteine cluster. Dimer formation occurs by a mechanism utilizing
      the accelerated opening of monomer loops. Results provide information assisting
      efforts to develop strategies for directing disulfide pairing in novel protein
      structures. Results also help define factors contributing to formation of
      undesired oligomers during efforts to refold cysteine-containing proteins
      obtained by bacterial expression of mammalian genes.

PMID- 3408728
TI  - Amino acid sequence of kappa-flavitoxin: establishment of a new family of snake
      venom neurotoxins.
AB  - The complete amino acid sequence of kappa-flavitoxin, a neurotoxin isolated from
      the venom of Bungarus flaviceps, has been determined by automated Edman analysis
      of the intact protein and of peptides derived from digests with trypsin and
      chymotrypsin. kappa-Flavitoxin consists of a single 66-residue polypeptide chain
      which is completely devoid of methionine. The amino acid sequence of kappa
      flavitoxin demonstrates that although the toxin is related to the alpha
      neurotoxin family, it displays a much higher degree of homology with kappa
      bungarotoxin. The conserved structural features of the kappa-neurotoxins and
      their pharmacological profiles, which are distinct from those of all known alpha
      neurotoxins, provide evidence for a new, structurally and functionally unique
      family of snake venom neurotoxins.

PMID- 3408729
TI  - Mechanism for nucleotide exchange in monomeric actin.
AB  - Rabbit skeletal muscle G-actin has been treated to obtain ADP, 1,N6
      ethenoadenosine diphosphate (epsilon-ADP), or 1,N6-ethenoadenosine triphosphate
      (epsilon-ATP) at the nucleotide binding site and either Mg2+ or Ca2+ at high- and
      moderate-affinity metal binding sites. Apparent rates or rate constants for the
      displacement of the actin-bound nucleotides by epsilon-ATP or ATP have been
      obtained by stopped-flow measurements at pH 8 and 20 degrees C of the
      fluorescence difference between bound and free epsilon-ATP or epsilon-ADP. In the
      presence of Ca2+, displacement of ADP by epsilon-ATP or epsilon-ADP by ATP is a
      biphasic process, but in the presence of low (less than 10 microM) Mg2+
      concentrations, it is a slow first-order process. At high levels of Mg2+ (greater
      than 50 microM), low ADP concentrations displace epsilon-ATP from G-actin as a
      consequence of Mg2+ binding to moderate-affinity sites on the actin. Displacement
      of epsilon-ATP by ATP in the presence of either Ca2+ or Mg2+ is slow at low ATP
      concentrations, but the rate is increased by high ATP concentrations. Using
      ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid, we find
      that nucleotide exchange is affected differently by the removal of Ca2+ from the
      high-affinity site compared to Ca2+ removal from moderate-affinity sites. A
      mechanism for the displacement reaction is proposed in which there are two forms
      of an actin-ADP complex and metal binding influences the ratio of these forms as
      well as the binding of ATP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3408730
TI  - Sequence-specific solution structure of d-GGTACGCGTACC.
AB  - Complete resonance assignments of nonexchangeable base protons and sugar protons
      in d-GGTACGCGTACC at 500 MHz have been obtained by two-dimensional correlated
      spectroscopy (COSY) and nuclear Overhauser enhancement spectroscopy (NOESY). The
      characteristic phase-sensitive multiplet patterns of the ntrasugar cross peaks in
      the omega 1-scaled COSY spectrum have been used to estimate several scalar
      coupling constants (J). These coupling constants combined with the
      intranucleotide COSY cross peak intensities have been used to identify the sugar
      pucker of individual nucleotide units. In most cases, the deoxyribose rings adopt
      a conformation close to O4'-endo. Spin-diffusion has been monitored from the
      buildup of the normalized volumes of NOE cross peaks in NOESY spectra as a
      function of mixing time. A set of 55 intranucleotide and internucleotide
      interproton distances have been estimated from the low mixing time NOESY spectrum
      (tau m = 75 ms). The estimated intranucleotide proton-proton distances have been
      used to determine the individual glycosidic dihedral angles of the nucleotide
      units which lie in the anti domain. It is observed that the molecule adopts an
      overall conformation close to that of the B-form although there are differences
      in the intricate details.

PMID- 3408731
TI  - A solution structure for poly(rA).poly(dT) with different furanose pucker and
      backbone geometry in rA and dT strands and intrastrand hydrogen bonding of
      adenine 8CH.
AB  - Equilibrium Raman spectra show that A- and B-form phosphodiester backbone
      geometries are both present in the solution structure of the RNA.DNA hybrid
      poly(rA).poly(dT) and that these arise from C3'-endo-rA and C2'-endo-dT
      nucleosides, respectively. Raman dynamic measurement of deuterium exchange of
      adenine 8CH groups reveals (i) a single kinetic class of rA conformers and (ii)
      extraordinary retardation of 8CH exchange in this class--more than 100-fold
      slower than in canonical DNA structures. The equilibrium and kinetic results, in
      conjunction with model building, indicate an unusual intrastrand hydrogen bond
      involving adenosine donor (8C-H) and acceptor (5'O) groups and a double-helical
      conformation in solution similar to that proposed for fibers at high relative
      humidity [Zimmerman, S. B., & Pheiffer, B. H. (1981) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
      U.S.A. 78, 78-82]. In fibers of poly(rA).poly(dT) at low relative humidity, the
      Raman spectra indicate a conventional A-helix structure.

PMID- 3408732
TI  - Raman spectroscopy of Z-form poly[d(A-T)].poly[d(A-T)].
AB  - Helical structures of double-stranded poly[d(A-T)] in solution have been studied
      by Raman spectroscopy. While the classical right-handed conformation B-type
      spectra are obtained in the case of sodium chloride solutions, a Z-form Raman
      spectrum is observed by addition of nickel ions at high sodium concentration,
      conditions in which the inversion of the circular dichroic spectrum of poly[d(A
      T)] is detected, similar to that observed for high-salt poly[d(G-C)] solutions
      [Bourtayre, P., Liquier, J., Pizzorni, L., & Taillandier, E. (1987) J. Biomol.
      Struct. Dyn. 5, 97-104]. The characterization of the Z-form spectrum of poly[d(A
      T)] is proposed by comparison with previously obtained characteristic Raman lines
      of Z-form poly[d(G-C)] and poly[d(A-C)].poly[d(G-T)] solutions and of d(CG)3 and
      d(CGCATGCG) crystals [Thamann, T. J., Lord, R. C., Wang, A. H.-J., & Rich, A.
      (1981) Nucleic Acids Res. 9, 5443-5457; Benevides, J. M., Wang, A. H.-J., van der
      Marel, G. A., van Boom, J. H., Rich, A., & Thomas, G. J., Jr. (1984) Nucleic
      Acids Res. 14, 5913-5925]. Detailed spectroscopic data are presented reflecting
      the reorientation of the purine-deoxyribose entities (C2'-endo/anti----C3'
      endo/syn), the modification of the phosphodiester chain, and the adenosine lines
      in the 1300-cm-1 region. The role played by the hydrated nickel ions in the B---
      Z transition is discussed.

PMID- 3408733
TI  - Influence of dangling thymidine residues on the stability and structure of two
      DNA duplexes.
AB  - We have employed temperature-dependent UV spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD),
      400-MHz proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and computer modeling to
      characterize both structurally and thermodynamically the influence of unpaired,
      dangling thymidine residues (T) on the thermal stability and melting behavior of
      two DNA core duplexes. The specific DNA double helices that we have investigated
      in this work are core duplexes [d(GC)3]2 (I) and [d(CG)3]2 (IV), 3' dangling T
      derivatives [d[(GC)3TT]]2 (II) and [d[(CG)3TT]]2 (V), and 5' dangling T
      derivatives [d[TT(GC)3]]2 (III) and [d[TT(CG)3]]2 (VI). Our experimental data
      allow us to reach the following conclusions: (1) For both core duplexes (I and
      IV), the addition of dangling T residues on either the 5' or 3' end causes an
      increase in the optical melting temperature tm. (2) For both core duplexes, 5'
      dangling T residues induce a greater increase in the optical tm's than 3'
      dangling T residues. (3) For both cores duplexes, the increase in tm induced by
      the addition of dangling T residues is enthalpic in origin, with 5' dangling T
      residues inducing a greater increase in the van't Hoff transition enthalpy than
      3' dangling T's. (4) Dangling T residues cause downfield shifts in all of the
      nonexchangeable aromatic protons of the [d(GC)3]2 core duplex (I), with the 5' T
      residues inducing the largest shifts. For the most part, this trend does not hold
      with the [d(CG)3]2 core duplex (IV). (5) For both core duplexes, the addition of
      dangling T residues causes an increase in the NMR tm's of almost all the
      nonexchangeable aromatic protons of the core duplex.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3408734
TI  - Molecular basis for sequence-specific DNA alkylation by CC-1065.
AB  - CC-1065 is a potent antitumor antibiotic that binds covalently to N3 of adenine
      in the minor groove of DNA. The CC-1065 molecule is made up of three repeating
      pyrroloindole subunits, one of which (the left-hand one or A subunit) contains a
      reactive cyclopropyl function. The drug reacts with adenines in DNA in a highly
      sequence-specific manner, overlapping four base pairs to the 5'-side of the
      covalently modified base. Concomitant with CC-1065 covalent binding to DNA is an
      asymmetric effect on local DNA structure which extends more than one helix turn
      to the 5'-side of the covalent binding site. The DNA alkylation, sequence
      specificity, and biological potency of CC-1065 and a select group of trimeric
      synthetic analogues were evaluated. The results suggest that (a) noncovalent
      interactions between this series of compounds and DNA do not lead to the
      formation of complexes stable enough to be detected by footprinting methods, (b)
      sequence specificity and alkylation intensity can be modulated by the
      substituents on the nonreactive middle and right-hand segments, and (c)
      biological potency correlates well with ability to alkylate DNA. In addition, the
      extent and the sequence specificity of covalent adduct formation between linear
      DNA fragments and three analogues comprised of the CC-1065 alkylating subunit
      linked to zero (analogue A), one (analogue AB), or two (analogue ABC) nonreactive
      indole subunits were compared.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3408735
TI  - Pressure effects on protein secondary structure and hydrogen deuterium exchange
      in chymotrypsinogen: a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic study.
AB  - Infrared spectra of chymotrypsinogen in 2H2O have been measured as a function of
      pressure up to 30 kbar. An irreversible denaturation is induced at 7.6 kbar where
      the contributions of the random coil and turn conformational substructures to the
      protein structure increase dramatically at the expense of the contributions of
      the alpha-helix and beta-sheet substructures. The pressure at which denaturation
      starts is higher when pressure is applied more slowly. The rate of H-2H exchange
      of the interior labile protons on the amide groups is dramatically increased by
      external pressure and is closely associated with the global conformational
      structure of the protein. This suggest that pressure denaturation involves the
      bulk of the molecule. The results are compared with those obtained from other
      experimental approaches and with temperature-induced denaturation.

PMID- 3408736
TI  - Ascorbic acid-induced crosslinking of lens proteins: evidence supporting a
      Maillard reaction.
AB  - The incubation of calf lens extracts with 20 mM ascorbic acid under sterile
      conditions for 8 weeks caused extensive protein crosslinking, which was not
      observed with either 20 mM sorbitol or 20 mM glucose. While no precipitation was
      observed, ascorbic acid did induce the formation of high-molecular-weight protein
      aggregates as determined by Agarose A-5m chromatography. Proteins modified by
      ascorbic acid bound strongly to a boronate affinity column, however, crosslinked
      proteins were present mainly in the unbound fraction. These observations suggest
      that the cis-diol groups of ascorbic acid were present in the primary adduct, but
      were either lost during the crosslinking reaction or sterically hindered from
      binding to the column matrix. The amino acid composition of the ascorbic acid
      modified proteins was identical to controls except for a 15% decrease in lysine.
      Amino acid analysis after borohydride reduction, however, showed a 25% decrease
      in lysine, a 7% decrease in arginine and an additional peak which eluted between
      phenylalanine and histidine. Extensive browning occurred during the ascorbic acid
      modification reaction. This resulted in protein-bound chromophores with a broad
      absorption spectrum from 300 to 400 nm, and protein-bound fluorophores with
      excitation/emission maxima of 350/450 nm. A 4 week incubation of dialyzed crude
      lens extract with [1-14C]ascorbic acid showed increased incorporation for 2
      weeks, followed by a decrease over the next 2 weeks as crosslinking was
      initiated. The addition of cyanoborohydride to the reaction mixture completely
      inhibited crosslinking and increased [1-14C]ascorbic acid incorporation to a
      plateau value of 180 nmol per mg protein. Amino acid analysis showed a 50% loss
      of lysine, and 8% decrease in arginine and the presence of a new peak which
      eluted slightly earlier than methionine. These data are consistent with the non
      enzymatic glycation of lens proteins by either ascorbic acid or an oxidation
      product of ascorbic acid via a Maillard-type reaction.

PMID- 3408738
TI  - Correlation of enzymatic activities and aggregation state in chicken liver fatty
      acid synthase.
AB  - The relationships between the aggregation state and the enzymatic activities of
      chicken liver fatty acid synthase have been explored by monitoring the changes in
      light scattering, fluorescence, and the overall, beta-ketoacyl synthase, beta
      ketoacyl reductase and enoyl reductase activities during dissociation and
      reassociation of the enzyme. The data obtained indicate that the enzyme
      dissociates at low temperature in both 0.1 M potassium phosphate (pH 7.0), 1 mM
      EDTA, and 5 mM Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, 35 mM glycine (pH 8.3) and 1 mM
      EDTA, but the extent of dissociation is less in the phosphate buffer. The assay
      conditions influence the assessment of the degree of dissociation and
      association: high temperatures, phosphate (high salt), NADPH and acetoacetyl
      coenzyme A promote association of the monomeric enzyme, whereas dilution in the
      Tris-glycine buffer (low salt) and low temperature promote dissociation. Both the
      rate and extent of association and dissociation are altered by substrates. The
      monomeric enzyme does not possess beta-ketoacyl synthase and beta-ketoacyl
      reductase activities. Results obtained with the 1,3-dibromo-2-propanone cross
      linked enzyme, which lacks beta-ketoacyl synthase activity, indicate that the
      NADPH-binding site of beta-ketoacyl reductase is disrupted at low ionic strength.
      In contrast, changes in ionic strength have little effect on the enoyl reductase
      activity. The dimer is stabilized by both electrostatic and hydrophobic
      interactions, with the former being of special importance for maintenance of the
      beta-ketoacyl reductase active site. site.

PMID- 3408737
TI  - A study of the interaction of avidin with 2-anilinonaphthalene-6-sulfonic acid as
      a probe of the biotin binding site.
AB  - The environment of the biotin binding site on avidin was investigated by
      determining the fluorescence enhancement of a series of fluorescent probes that
      are anilinonaphthalene sulfonic acid derivatives. Of the compounds tested, 2
      anilinonaphthalene-6-sulfonic acid (2,6-ANS) exhibited the greatest enhancement
      under the conditions used (which would reflect both molar fluorescence
      enhancement and binding affinity) and exhibited more than 95% reversal upon
      addition of biotin. Thus, 2,6-ANS was chosen for more detailed characterization
      of the interaction with avidin. Only a single class of binding sites for 2,6-ANS
      was identified; the mean value for the Kd was 203 +/- 16 microM (X +/- 1 S.D.),
      and the molar ratio of 2,6-ANS binding sites to biotin binding sites was approx.
      1. These results provide evidence that the biotin binding site and the 2,6-ANS
      binding site are at least partially overlapping, but the possibility that the
      probe binding site is altered by a conformational change induced by biotin
      binding cannot be excluded. At excitation = 328 nm and emission = 408 nm, the
      molar fluorescence of the bound probe was 6.8 +/- 1.0 microM-1 and that of the
      free probe was 0.061 +/- 0.008 microM-1 giving an enhancement ratio (molar
      fluorescence of bound probe/molar fluorescence of free probe) of 111 +/- 22. Upon
      binding, the wavelength of maximum fluorescence decreases. These findings also
      provide evidence that the fluorescence enhancement associated with the
      interaction of 2,6-ANS and avidin reflects the environment of the biotin binding
      site. The Kosower's Z factor, an empirical index of apolarity, was 82.1 for the
      2,6-ANS binding site on avidin. This value reflects a degree of apolarity that is
      similar to apolar environments observed for substrate binding sites on several
      enzymes; although not the dominant factor, this environment may contribute to the
      strong binding of biotin.

PMID- 3408739
TI  - The spectroelectrochemical determination of the reduction potential of diferric
      serum transferrin.
AB  - The first spectroelectrochemical measurement of the formal reduction potential of
      iron transferrin has been carried out using methyl viologen to mediate electron
      transfer to the protein. These calculations take into consideration the weak
      nature of the ferrous transferrin complex. A value of -0.52(8) V vs. the normal
      hydrogen electrode was obtained in 0.100 M tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane buffer
      at pH 7.4, 22 degrees C, and 2.0 M KCl. A high ionic strength was necessary to
      effect reduction, supporting the observation that ions play an important role in
      the reduction of iron in transferrin. Finally, a procedure for carrying out the
      reduction of methyl viologen at a gold electrode in a spectrophotometric cell is
      described.

PMID- 3408740
TI  - Cellular effects of T-2 mycotoxin on two different cell lines.
AB  - The effects of T-2 toxin on protein synthesis, respiratory chain activity of the
      mitochondria, cell lysis and toxin-cell binding were compared in the toxin
      sensitive bovine kidney cell line (MDBK) and in the toxin-resistant Chinese
      hamster ovary cell line (CHO). Protein synthesis and mitochondrial activity were
      10-fold less sensitive in CHO cells as compared to MDBK (50% inhibition = 10-15
      ng/ml vs. 1-1.5 ng/ml, respectively). Lytic activity, as determined by release of
      51Cr from cells incubated at 4 degrees C, was not detected at 5 h or 24 h in
      either of the cell lines. However, at 24 h, CHO cells released less 51Cr than non
      toxin-exposed controls, indicating that some membrane interaction does occur.
      Both cell lines equally bound [3H]T-2 toxin at 4 degrees C. At 37 degrees C, the
      MDBK cells take up twice as much [3H]T-2 toxin at 2 h and 6 h. These results
      indicate that T-2 toxin mediates a number of effects on the cell at the level of
      the membrane, protein synthesis and probably mitochondrial activity toward 3-(4,5
      dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide reduction.

PMID- 3408742
TI  - Numerous proteins phosphorylated on tyrosine and enhanced tyrosine kinase
      activities in vanadate-treated NIH 3T3 fibroblasts.
AB  - A monoclonal antibody that can immunoprecipitate proteins containing
      phosphotyrosine has been isolated and characterized. To identify proteins that
      can act as substrates for tyrosine kinases in intact cells, extracts of phosphate
      labeled NIH cells that had been treated with the phosphotyrosyl phosphatase
      inhibitor, vanadate, were precipitated with the antibody, and the
      immunoprecipitates were analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Numerous
      proteins were specifically precipitated from vanadate-treated NIH 3T3 cells by
      the antibody. The high level of phosphotyrosine detected in vanadate-treated
      cells is presumably primarily due to phosphatase inhibition, but approx. 2-fold
      increased tyrosine kinase activities were also detected in extracts of the cells
      after treatment with vanadate. The enhanced tyrosine kinase activity may
      contribute to the generation of the transformed phenotype seen in response to
      treatment with vanadate.

PMID- 3408741
TI  - Human platelet phospholipase A2 activity is responsive in vitro to pH and Ca2+
      variations which parallel those occurring after platelet activation in vivo.
AB  - Secretion of human platelet dense granule contents in response to epinephrine and
      other weak agonists requires the prior liberation of membrane-esterified
      arachidonic acid by a phospholipase A2 enzyme species whose activity is regulated
      by Na+/H+ exchange (e.g., Sweatt et al. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 8660-8673 and
      Banga et al. (1986) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83, (197-9201). Based on our
      earlier findings in intact platelets, we postulated that the alkalinization of
      the platelet interior that accompanies accelerated activity of the Na+/H+
      antiporter enables the phospholipase A2 enzyme to function at ambient or low
      concentrations of intraplatelet Ca2+. To test the hypothesis that the Ca2+
      dependence of platelet phospholipase A2 activity is influenced by changes in
      intraplatelet pH that occur following platelet activation, we characterized the
      Ca2+ dependence of this enzyme as a function of changes in pH (from pH 6.8-8.0),
      since it is within this range that intraplatelet pH changes occur following
      platelet activation. Phospholipase A2 enzymatic activity in platelet particulate
      preparations was detectable in the presence of micromolar concentrations of Ca2+
      (EC50 1-2 microM) and plateaued above 10 microM Ca2+. Enzymatic activity measured
      at 4.8 microM Ca2+ was increased by raising the pH from 5.5 to 8.0 (EC50 7.4),
      was optimal at pH 8.0 and declined at more alkaline values. Furthermore,
      increases in pH from pH 6.8 to pH 8.0 not only increased maximal enzymatic
      activity but also enabled detection of enzymatic activity at lower Ca2+
      concentrations. The interdependent regulation of phospholipase A2 activity by
      changes in pH and Ca2+ suggests that phospholipase A2 could serve to integrate
      changes in intracellular pH and available Ca2+ that occur subsequent to
      activation of human platelets by epinephrine and other weak agonists.

PMID- 3408743
TI  - S-adenosylmethionine metabolism in HL-60 cells: effect of cell cycle and
      differentiation.
AB  - The effect of the cell cycle and differentiation on S-adenosylmethionine (SAM)
      metabolism in HL-60 cells has been investigated. Synthesis and pool sizes of SAM
      and S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) were cell-cycle-independent (SAM, 315 microM;
      SAH, 4.6 microM). The SAM-synthase (ATP: L-methionine S-adenosyltransferase) of
      HL-60 cells has a Km for methionine of 12.8 +/- 2.0 microM and thus appears to be
      of the intermediate Km type found in other malignant tissues. The enzyme does not
      show cell-cycle regulation. Treatment of cells with DMSO resulted in a rapid and
      marked decrease of SAM and SAH levels without affecting pool turnover or the
      SAM/SAH ratio. A decrease in SAM concentration could also be observed in a
      variant cell line resistant to differentiation with DMSO. DMSO inhibited SAM
      synthase in cell-free extracts. This inhibition was noncompetitive with respect
      to L-methionine. Inhibition of SAM-synthase by cycloleucine lowered SAM levels in
      intact cells, but resulted in differentiation of only a minor percentage of
      cells. These data indicate that changes in SAM and SAH levels in HL-60 cells seem
      to be a consequence rather than a cause of differentiation.

PMID- 3408744
TI  - Charge-dependent regulation of NADPH oxidase activities in intact and subcellular
      systems of polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
AB  - It has been reported that respiratory bursts with N
      formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine, A23187, phorbol ester and fatty acids are
      switched off and on by modulating the net charges of plasma membranes in guinea
      pig neutrophils (Miyahara, M. et al. (1987), Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 929, 253
      262). In the present study, this was further extended in cells treated with
      protein kinase C inhibitors which completely suppressed the phorbol ester
      dependent respiratory burst. This suggested that the initiation of the
      respiratory burst, which is generally accepted as linked to protein kinase C
      activation, might also be implicated in the net charge changes of plasma
      membranes. The above results were also supported by data obtained with a cell
      free system reconstituted with plasma membranes and cytosolic fractions from
      unstimulated neutrophils, guanosine 5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate and NADPH.
      Arachidonate stimulated NADPH oxidase activity accompanied by a marked
      phosphorylation of membrane proteins. The phosphorylation was sensitive to H-7,
      but it did not appear to be essential for the respiratory burst, because the
      oxidase activation was insensitive to H-7. Pretreating the plasma membranes with
      positively charged cetylamine inhibited the oxidase activation by arachidonate.
      These results suggest that a charge-dependent process, which does not use protein
      kinase C, may play an important role in the reaction leading to NADPH oxidase
      activation, and this may be related to the interaction of plasma membranes with
      the cytosolic activation factor.

PMID- 3408745
TI  - Ultrastructure of mouse ectoplacental cone cells.
AB  - Ectoplacental cone of the Muridae is an excrescence formed by proliferation of
      the polar trophectoderm of the bastocyst. Four types of trophoblast cells are
      seen in mouse ectoplacental cone on day 8 of the pregnancy: (1) trophoblast-1 at
      the base of the cone are polyhedral, compactly arranged and contain large
      nucleoli, (2) trophoblast-2 in the middle of the cone enclose several
      heterolysosomes, erythro-and leucophagosomes, (3) trophoblast-3, also in the
      middle, have several membrane-bound osmiophilic granules, (4) trophoblast-4 at
      the periphery of the cone are oblong and enclose many pleomorphic bodies. These
      morphological differences appear to be correlated with functional adaptation.

PMID- 3408746
TI  - Topography and microscopical configuration of the corpus striatum of the dog.
AB  - The basal ganglia are very similarly disposed in superior animal, but their way
      of grouping is different in human species and domestic mammals. We have studied
      them in the dog, except for the Nucleus accumbens, from macroscopic and
      microscopic points of view, with the help of 25 and 50 pm thick transverse serial
      sections, stained by Nissl's technique. Each of these nuclei presents its own
      characteristics, as well topographically and extended as of shape, size and
      neuron density.

PMID- 3408747
TI  - Statistical analysis of the size of heart mitochondria in rats fed sunflower oil,
      primor oil or rapeseed oil.
AB  - The size distribution of heart mitochondria was studied in Wistar rats fed for 24
      weeks a diet containing sunflower oil, primor oil or rapessed oil. The animals
      fed rapeseed oil showed larger heart mitochondria than the two other groups. This
      result could be attributed both to the presence of giant mitochondria and to an
      increase in size of the whole mitochondrial population. No difference was
      observed between the sunflower oil group and the primor oil group.

PMID- 3408748
TI  - In vitro proliferation and differentiation of myogenic cells from adult Xenopus.
AB  - A technique is described for isolating amphibian myogenic cells from the muscle
      of adult Xenopus laevis (Dauchin). Muscles were dissociated with 0.2% collagenase
      and 0.1% trypsin. The resulting cell suspensions were separated from the
      remaining myofibres by filtration through nylon grids. Most of the cells
      remaining in the filtrate suspension were satellite cells or fibroblasts. When
      plated in Petri dishes, satellite cells adhered to the substrate, became spindle
      shaped and proliferated activity in a culture medium supplemented with fetal calf
      serum. Mitotic waves lasted 4 days and consequently cell density markedly
      increased. Satellite cells came into contact and began to fuse into myotubes on
      day 8 of culture. Horse serum, which replaced fetal calf serum in the medium on
      day 12, accelerated cell fusions which were almost complete on day 18. However,
      under these conditions, some mononucleated cells continued to undergo mitosis.
      Cell proliferation with a high rate of mitosis was prolonged by repeated
      trypsinization and replating in medium supplemented with fetal calf serum. When
      myofibres from dissociated muscles were cultured under the same conditions, they
      never fragmented or divided.

PMID- 3408749
TI  - Origin of the iris sphincter muscle in chick embryo.
AB  - The origin of the iridial sphincter muscle in chick embryo was investigated by
      means of immunohistochemistry. Desmin immunoreactive cells are shown in the
      mesenchymal stroma overlying the anterior epithelial layer of the iris in 4 1/2
      day chick embryos. In 9-11-day chick embryos also some cells of the posterior
      epithelium near the pupillary margin, and of the iridial lamella show a slighter
      desmin-immunoreactivity. This finding agrees with a double origin of the iridial
      sphincter muscle: an early mesenchymal one and a later epithelial other.

PMID- 3408751
TI  - Intestinal absorption of calcium in newborn piglets. Role of vitamin D.
AB  - The role of vitamin D for intestinal absorption of Ca was studied in neonatal
      piglets. Piglets of normal phenotype (heterozygotes) and piglets which suffered
      from pseudo-vitamin D deficiency rickets, type I, which were devoid of renal 25
      cholecalciferol-1-hydroxylase were used for the experiments. Intestinal
      absorption of Ca was measured after an oral dose of 3-7 MBq 45CaCl2. Intestinal
      absorption of Ca was the same in heterozygotes and homozygotic rachitic piglets
      during the first 3-4 weeks of life. Ca absorption began to decline in rachitic
      piglets at the age of 4 weeks. In 8-week-old rachitic piglets intestinal Ca
      absorption was 50% of control piglets. Body weights of heterozygotes and rachitic
      piglets were the same at birth and no different weight gains were seen between
      the two groups during the first 4-5 weeks of life. No differences were observed
      during the first weeks of life in the concentrations of plasma Ca, inorganic
      phosphate and alkaline-phosphatase activity between the groups. Hypocalcemia and
      hypophosphatemia developed in rachitic piglets between the 3rd and 5th weeks of
      life. Concentrations of 1,25-(OH)2D3 in plasma declined in heterozygote piglets
      from 130 +/- 26 to 88 +/- 19 pg/ml and in rachitic piglets from 67 +/- 37 to 23
      +/- 11 pg/ml during the first 6 weeks. An intestinal nuclear 1,25-(OH)2D3
      receptor was absent in neonatal piglets of both experimental groups. It is
      concluded that intestinal absorption of Ca in piglets during the first 2-4 weeks
      of life is independent of vitamin D.

PMID- 3408750
TI  - Vitamin D metabolism in preterm infants: effect of a calcium load.
AB  - Decrease in serum calcium level leading to hypocalcemia during the first week of
      life is a frequent finding in premature neonates. Eight premature neonates
      presenting with such an episode of hypocalcemia in the course of their first 4
      days of life were studied. They were fed with a phosphate-enriched human milk and
      given vitamin D3 (2,100 IU/day per os). We have evaluated the effect of a 24-hour
      pharmacologic calcium infusion on the circulating levels of calcium, inorganic
      phosphate, magnesium, 25-hydroxycalciferol (25-OHD), 1 alpha,25
      dihydroxycalciferol [1,25(OH)2D] and immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH).
      After the infusion, circulating iPTH and Pi levels dropped significantly (p less
      than 0.025 and p less than 0.005 respectively) whereas serum Ca and 25-OHD (p
      less than 0.005) increased. Mg and 1,25(OH)2D serum levels remained unchanged.
      Our data show that an increased calcium supply sustained for 24 h induces an
      appropriate response in iPTH secretion. Effects on circulating levels of
      1,25(OH)2D were variable and probably reflected individual differences in half
      life of 1,25(OH)2D or in set points in the feedback mechanisms involved in the
      control of 1,25(OH)2D synthesis.

PMID- 3408752
TI  - Characteristics of postnatally induced alterations in thyroxine 5'- and 5
      monodeiodinating activities in several pig tissues.
AB  - Changes in the in vitro hepatic, kidney, skeletal muscle, heart and brain 5'- and
      5-monodeiodinase activities were studied in piglets aged 4-12 h and 3, 7, 14, 21,
      and 42 days. As compared to the adult pig, the hepatic conversion of thyroxine
      (T4) to 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) and 3,3'5'-triiodothyronine (rT3) was on
      average 3-5 times higher in the liver, and equal or lower in the kidney. At
      birth, the liver generated about 66% of T3 and 75% of rT3, the other tissues the
      rest. Increasing contribution of skeletal muscles in the postnatal process of
      triiodothyronines generation was found. The apparent Km and Vmax values suggested
      higher capacity of T4 converting systems in newborns than in adults, and an
      increase in the enzyme affinities. Shortly after birth serum rT3 but not T3
      corresponded to the level of hepatic and kidney T4 conversion.

PMID- 3408753
TI  - Pyruvate carboxylase, phosphate-dependent glutaminase and glutamate dehydrogenase
      in the developing rat small intestinal mucosa.
AB  - The activities of glutaminase and glutamate dehydrogenase in the small intestinal
      mucosa of infant rats were found to increase at the time of weaning. Pyruvate
      carboxylase activity, on the other hand, was very high during the suckling period
      and decreased to negligible values at weaning. It is suggested that
      gluconeogenesis in the infant mucosa occurs primarily via oxaloacetate and not
      via alpha-ketoglutarate.

PMID- 3408754
TI  - Development of intestinal carnitine transport in rats.
AB  - The intestinal transport of carnitine in suckling rats (12 and 16 days old) and
      weaned rats (28 and 75 days old) was studied in vitro using everted small
      intestinal sacs. The sacs were incubated in a mucosal medium without carnitine or
      with added carnitine at a 200-microM concentration. The release of endogenous
      carnitine and its esters into the serosal medium was greatest in the 12-day-old
      pups and lowest in the postweaning period. In contrast, the transport of
      carnitine from the mucosal to the serosal compartment was lowest in the 12-day
      old pups and higher in the older groups. The present study suggests that the
      transfer of carnitine from the mucosal to the serosal compartment is influenced
      by the presence of endogenous carnitine in the intestinal mucosa, which in turn
      is determined by the age of the animals.

PMID- 3408755
TI  - Enzyme activity and behavior in hyperactive children grown up.
AB  - Thirty-one men, originally seen as children for problems with overactivity,
      distractibility, and impulsiveness, were reevaluated at ages 21-23 years.
      Subjects were interviewed and tested and provided a blood sample for analyses of
      dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH), monoamine oxidase (MAO), and catechol-O-methyl
      transferase (COMT). A series of Pearson correlations between the biological
      variables and psychological measures revealed that MAO levels were negatively
      associated with measures of drug involvement, cigarette use, fire-setting, and
      sensation seeking; DBH levels were positively associated with measures of
      sensation-seeking; and COMT levels were negatively associated with a measure of
      hostility and positively correlated with a measure of impulsiveness.

PMID- 3408756
TI  - Amnesia for the McCollough effect following unilateral electroconvulsive therapy:
      implications for laterality.
AB  - The hemispheric lateralization of retrograde amnesia following unilateral
      electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) was measured by a novel nonverbal probe, the
      McCollough effect, which allowed equal and exclusive access to each hemisphere.
      Alternating exposure to perpendicular gratings of complementary colors (e.g., red
      vertical stripes alternated with green horizontal stripes) will cause
      subsequently presented black and white gratings to appear colored hours or even
      days later (the McCollough effect). Three of the patients examined (3 of 10) lost
      the effect in just the half visual field contralateral to the treatment side when
      unilateral nondominant ECT was interposed between the induction of the effect and
      the its test. Six patients lost the effect bilaterally following unilateral ECT.
      One patient retained a bilateral aftereffect. This patient had by far the
      shortest seizure (18 sec). Nine of 10 comparison patients, also suffering from
      major depression but without ECT intervening between induction and test, showed
      good bilateral retention of the McCollough effect. The remaining comparison
      patients showed no retention. These results imply that despite bilateral cortical
      spread of seizure activity, unilateral nondominant ECT has effects that are most
      pronounced over the stimulated hemisphere.

PMID- 3408757
TI  - Enhancement of dopamine release from striatal slices of rats that were
      subchronically treated with methamphetamine.
AB  - The effect of dopamine (DA) uptake inhibitors (methamphetamine, nomifensine, and
      phenylethylamine) on the release of endogenous DA from striatal slices of rats
      pretreated with methamphetamine (6 mg/kg/day for 9 days) was investigated. The
      exposure of methamphetamine-pretreated rat striatal slices to a low concentration
      (10(-7) M, 5 X 10(-7) M) of methamphetamine caused a greater increase in DA
      efflux than that of saline-treated rat striatal slices. The drug-treated rats
      displayed an enhanced stereotyped behavioral response to a small dose of
      methamphetamine (1 mg/kg). Removal of Ca2+ from the superfusion medium did not
      affect the difference in the rates of methamphetamine (10(-7) M) induced DA
      release between methamphetamine-treated and saline-treated rat striatal slices.
      Nomifensine- and phenylethylamine-induced DA release from striatal slices was
      also enhanced by repeated administration of methamphetamine. On the other hand,
      there was no difference in K+-induced DA release between the two groups.
      Moreover, repeated administration of methamphetamine caused a significant
      increase in 3H-dopamine uptake in rat striatal synaptosomes. These results
      suggest that the behavioral sensitization produced by the repeated administration
      of methamphetamine is accompanied by an enhancement in the release of DA induced
      by methamphetamine, nomifensine, and phenylethylamine in vitro and is also
      accompanied by increased DA uptake into striatal synaptosomes.

PMID- 3408758
TI  - Response to lactate infusion in generalized anxiety disorder.
AB  - Intravenous sodium lactate infusion provokes symptoms of panic in patients with
      panic disorder at a significantly higher rate than in normal controls. Lactate
      sensitivity has been postulated to be specific for patients with panic attacks
      regardless of frequency of attacks or coexisting diagnoses. The authors present
      results of a pilot study of lactate infusions in patients with generalized
      anxiety disorder (GAD) without any history of panic attacks. Patients with GAD
      reacted more like panic disorder patients than like normal controls in anxiety
      and symptom scores during lactate infusion and in the rate of positive responses
      to lactate. Although preliminary, these findings raise questions regarding the
      specificity of lactate sensitivity and the relationship of GAD to panic disorder.

PMID- 3408759
TI  - Artificial light and nicotine subsensitivity.

PMID- 3408760
TI  - Urinary excretion of free bufotenin by psychiatric patients.

PMID- 3408761
TI  - Effect of a chronic stress model of depression on basal and acute stress levels
      of LH and prolactin in adult male rats.

PMID- 3408762
TI  - Neurological soft signs in chronic schizophrenic patients: clinical correlates.

PMID- 3408763
TI  - Season of birth and CT scan findings in schizophrenic patients.

PMID- 3408764
TI  - Methysergide reduces the prolactin response to ECT.

PMID- 3408765
TI  - A study of autism using X chromosome DNA probes.

PMID- 3408766
TI  - CSF zinc in Alzheimer's type dementia.

PMID- 3408767
TI  - Free serotonin in plasma: autistic children and their first-degree relatives.

PMID- 3408768
TI  - Effect of estrogen on the metabolism of cortisol and cortisone in the baboon
      fetus at midgestation.
AB  - To determine whether the metabolism of cortisol (F) and cortisone (E) in the
      baboon fetus is regulated by estrogen, fetal interconversion of F/E was measured
      at midgestation after an experimental increase in placental estradiol (E2)
      production. Six baboons (Papio anubis) received increasing numbers of
      androstenedione implants (50 mg) inserted s.c. at 8-day intervals between Days 70
      and 100 of gestation (term = Day 184) to elevate the production of estrogen;
      controls (N = 8) received no treatment. On Day 100 of gestation, each animal was
      anesthetized with ketamine:halothane/nitrous oxide, the fetus was exteriorized
      and [3H] F/[14C] E was infused via a fetal femoral vein for 70 min. Blood samples
      were then obtained from the contralateral fetal femoral vein, the umbilical
      vein/artery, and a maternal saphenous vein. After purification of F and E, the
      metabolic clearance rate (MCR), peripheral interconversion, and placental
      extraction of F and E were calculated. Maternal serum E2 concentrations (ng/ml;
      mean +/- SE) between Days 80 and 100 of gestation were greater (p less than 0.01)
      in androstenedione-treated baboons (2.2 +/- 0.2) than in untreated controls (1.2
      +/- 0.1). Although the MCR of F was similar in control (5.2 +/- 0.3 1/day) and
      treated (7.7 +/- 1.0 1/day) animals, the MCR of E (13.5 +/- 2.0 1/day) was
      increased (25.8 +/- 2.5 1/day; p less than 0.05) by androstenedione treatment.
      Placental extraction of F (59 +/- 9%) was lower (p less than 0.01) than that of E
      (82 +/- 5%) in untreated baboons and was not affected by androstenedione
      treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3408769
TI  - Hormonal modulation of guanyl nucleotide binding to rat luteal membranes.
AB  - Guanyl nucleotides are known to play a dual role in the activation of the
      adenylate cyclase system of the rat corpus luteum, being required for human
      choriogonadotropin (hCG) stimulation of the enzyme and modulating hCG binding to
      some hormone receptors. Current models of adenylate cyclase activation require
      that guanyl nucleotide binding be enhanced by hormones, and we have examined this
      binding in rat luteal membrane preparations known to contain guanyl nucleotide
      modulated hCG receptors. [3H] Guanylyl-imidodiphosphate (GMPPnP), a
      nonhydrolyzable analog of guanosine triphosphate (GTP), was used to investigate
      binding to urea-washed, heavy rat luteal membranes. Binding was found to be
      linear, with respect to the amount of membranes added, in the range of 2-10 mg
      wet wt. tissue equivalents, and equilibrium was reached after a 30-min incubation
      at 30 degrees C. Analysis of equilibrium binding experiments gave a Ka of
      1.2.10(7) +/- 0.9.10(7) M-1, with 460 +/- 430 fmol binding sites per mg tissue in
      the absence of hormone, Kinetic experiments showed an association rate constant
      of 2.6.10(5) +/- 0.5.10(5) M-1 min-1 and a dissociation rate constant of 1.8.10(
      2) +/- 0.9.10(-2) min-1. In the presence of hCG, the Ka was unchanged; however,
      the number of binding sites increased by 50-120%. Competitive binding assays
      utilizing other nucleotides revealed that a hierarchy of GMPPnP = GTP greater
      than guanosine diphosphate (GDP) greater than inosine triphosphate (ITP) in
      displacing labeled GMPPnP. A similar hierarchy was also found for hCG-stimulated
      adenylate cyclase activity (GMPPnP = GTP greater than ITP) and for modulation of
      hCG binding (GMPPnP greater than GTP greater than ITP).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3408770
TI  - Male stimulation of luteinizing hormone surge, progesterone secretion and
      ovulation in spontaneously persistent-estrous, aging rats.
AB  - In aging, persistently estrous (PE) female rats, there are no estrous cycles or
      cyclic increases in luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion, but the sexual
      receptivity to the male is consistently maintained. We recently reported that
      caging and mating with fertile males elicits an LH surge followed by ovulation in
      aging PE rats. The present study examined the relationship between the LH surge,
      the increase in progesterone (P) secretion and ovulation in PE females exposed to
      males, and assessed whether intromission was essential for the male-induced pre
      ovulatory LH surge. PE rats were implanted with intra-atrial cannulae. Six to
      eight days later, these females were individually caged with a fertile male and
      repeatedly sampled (once every 30 or 60 min) between 1400 and 1900 h for assays
      of plasma LH and P. Sexual behavior of the female was recorded and correlated
      with the changes in plasma LH and P values. Similar experiments were also
      performed on cannulated PE rats with their vaginal orifice blocked with adhesive
      tape during the caging and sampling session. In both experiments, over 90% of the
      PE females displayed a high degree of lordosis response to mounting by the male,
      and over 60% of those sexually receptive PE females exhibited an LH surge
      followed by ovulation. The male-induced preovulatory LH surge occurred in PE
      females without actual intromission. Caging with fertile males also elicited a
      marked increase in plasma P concentrations in PE rats and in PE females prevented
      from experiencing intromission.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3408771
TI  - Genotypic influences on reproductive aging of inbred female mice: effects of H-2
      and non-H-2 alleles.
AB  - The H-2 (major histocompatibility) complex of mice influences a variety of
      physiologic parameters. This study describes the influences of H-2 polymorphisms
      and other genetic influences on age-related changes (5-20 mo) in estrous cycles
      and fecundity. We monitored estrous cycles of virgin or retired-breeder mice of
      congenic strains on the background of C57BL/10Sn (B10):B10.BR/Sg (B10.BR) and
      B10.RIII/Sn (B10.RIII). For another comparison, we examined the C57BL/6J (B6)
      strain, which has the same H-2 haplotype as the B10. Estrous cycles were
      categorized by length during 10 mo of observations. From 5 to 15 mo of age, B10
      and B10.RIII mice displayed a preponderance of 5-day cycles, B10.BR mice
      displayed a preponderance of 4-day cycles, and B6 mice had diminishing numbers of
      4-day cycles. Age-related acyclicity differed with strain, particularly among
      retired breeders; B6 mice had an earlier onset and more rapid increase of
      acyclicity with age than the B10 congenic mice. Litters/female, maternal age at
      last litter, and total pups/female differed with strain; B10.BR and B10.RIII were
      similar and both had greater values than B10 mice. In conclusion, reproductive
      senescence of female mice was influenced by genes at the H-2 locus and elsewhere.

PMID- 3408772
TI  - Annual changes in serum sex steroids in male and female black (Ursus americanus)
      and polar (Ursus maritimus) bears.
AB  - The adaptation of black and polar bears to their environments is proportional to
      the severity of climate and food restriction. Both black and polar bears mate
      during the spring, despite differences in their recent metabolic state.
      Reproductive activity in black bears follows 4 mo of torpor, whereas reproduction
      in polar bears occurs prior to torpor. The goals of this study were to measure
      the annual changes in serum sex steroids in male and female black and polar
      bears, and to determine if changes in serum levels of these steroids were
      associated with metabolic condition or photoperiod. Serum testosterone (T)
      concentrations were elevated during spring in black and polar bears. Moreover,
      this increase in serum T in polar bears during spring was correlated with age and
      testis size. Serum progesterone (P4) concentrations increased in pregnant polar
      bears in fall coincident with the time of expected implantation. No increases in
      serum P4 were observed in nonpregnant black and polar bears. Serum estradiol (E2)
      was elevated in nonpregnant and pregnant polar bears 2 mo prior to the time of
      expected implantation. We found that serum sex steroids measured in black and
      polar bears change independent of torpor. Therefore, our results suggest that
      photoperiod may be a more important regulator of serum steroid levels and
      reproduction than metabolic condition.

PMID- 3408773
TI  - Regional and seasonal differences in concentrations of androgen and estrogen
      receptors in ram epididymal tissue.
AB  - Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) is essential for sperm maturation within the
      epididymis, but the roles of estradiol-17 beta (E2) and progesterone (P) in
      epididymal function are unknown. To identify sites of potential action of these
      hormones, and any effect of season on their concentrations, specific binding of
      steroids to receptors in extracts of ram epididymal tissue was quantified in two
      studies. Tissue was taken from three broad regions of the epididymis (caput,
      corpus, and cauda; Study 1) or from seven discrete regions of the epididymis
      (Study 2) in February to May (nonbreeding season; NBS) or late August to October
      (breeding season; BS). Specific binding of P was not detected. Saturable high
      affinity binding sites specific for DHT (Ka = 2.6 x 10(8).M-1) and E2 (Ka = 5.4 x
      10(8).M-1) were detected. Binding was not to androgen-binding protein,
      testosterone-estradiol-binding globulin, or sperm nuclei. There was no regional
      or seasonal difference in affinity of DHT or E2 binding. In both studies,
      concentration of DHT-binding sites (fmol/mg protein for low- plus high-salt
      extracts) was higher (p less than 0.05) in the BS than NBS. In Study 1, mean
      concentration of DHT-binding sites was higher (p less than 0.05) in the caput
      than in the corpus and cauda. The more definitive localization possible in Study
      2 revealed that concentration of DHT-binding sites was highest in the distal
      caput, lowest in the proximal cauda (p less than 0.05), and intermediate in other
      regions. For E2, however, concentration of binding sites was higher (p less than
      0.05) in the BS than NBS only in Study 1, and was higher (p less than 0.05) in
      the cauda or corpus than in the caput epididymidis. In Study 2, the season by
      region interaction was significant (p less than 0.05); concentration of E2
      binding sites was higher in the distal cauda during the NBS. These data support
      the concept that the central caput through proximal corpus epididymidis are most
      dependent on androgenic stimulation, whereas distal regions may respond to
      estrogenic stimulation.

PMID- 3408774
TI  - Sperm creatine phosphokinase activity as a measure of sperm quality in
      normospermic, variablespermic, and oligospermic men.
AB  - We have found a significant inverse correlation between sperm concentrations and
      sperm creatine N-phosphotransferase (CPK) activities in oligospermic and
      normospermic human specimens. In the present work, we carried out serial CPK
      determinations to assess whether there is a relationship between fluctuating
      sperm concentrations and sperm quality in consistently oligospermic and
      variablespermic (sperm concentrations are occasionally in the greater than 20
      million/ml range) husbands of 65 couples (23 normospermic men/51 samples, 25
      consistently oligospermic men/80 samples, and 17 variablespermic men/68 samples).
      The sperm CPK activities were significantly lower in the normospermic vs. the
      oligospermic or variablespermic groups (p less than 0.001), but there were no
      differences between the latter two (p greater than 0.25). The mean CPK values of
      migrated sperm fractions in both the oligospermic and variablespermic populations
      were improved (at least 20% decline in CPK values) compared to those of the
      initial specimens (1.27 +/- 0.38 vs. 0.68 +/- 0.37 and 0.77 +/- 0.32 vs. 0.46 +/-
      0.24 SEM U/100 million sperm, respectively, p less than 0.001 in both pairs) and
      the incidence of the "failed-to-improve" samples was also similar in the two
      groups (44/36 vs. 45/23, p greater than 0.2). The lack of differences in the mean
      CPK activities, in the distribution of CPK values under and over 0.250 U/100
      million sperm level, and in the ratio of migrated samples with improved or with
      failed-to-improve CPK activities suggests that sperm quality is not different
      between men who are consistently oligospermic and those who occasionally produce
      normospermic specimens.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3408775
TI  - Amniotic fluid and decidual prolactin during pregnancy in rhesus macaques.
AB  - In rhesus macaques, the concentration of immunoreactive prolactin in the amniotic
      fluid remains low during most of the first trimester of pregnancy and then
      increases abruptly at 60-80 days of gestation. During the second half of
      pregnancy, large amounts of prolactin accumulate in the amniotic fluid. Much of
      this amniotic fluid prolactin may originate from the superficial endometrium
      (decidua). This hypothesis is supported by the increasing amounts of decidual
      prolactin (dPRL) measured in endometrium obtained at early (50 days), mid-(80
      days), and late (greater than or equal to 150 days) gestation. In culture, late
      pregnancy endometrium released more dPRL than did early pregnancy endometrium.
      When tissues were cultured in medium without progesterone, the amounts of dPRL
      measured in the medium declined steadily over 6 days, regardless of the
      gestational age of the endometrium. dPRL was consistently measured in medium
      harvested from cultures that received either progesterone or medroxyprogesterone;
      however, progesterone did not induce an increase in the amounts of dPRL released
      by cultures prepared from early pregnancy endometrium. This suggests that factors
      in addition to progesterone may stimulate the increase in dPRL that occurs at
      midgestation in rhesus macaques.

PMID- 3408776
TI  - Full term development of mouse eggs fertilized by a spermatozoon microinjected
      under the zona pellucida.
AB  - A mature motile mouse spermatozoon was microinjected under the zona pellucida of
      mouse eggs. Twenty-five percent of eggs were fertilized, and 54% of these
      developed to normal fetuses or to term after transfer to pseudopregnant
      recipients. These results provide a quantitative estimate of the minimum
      proportion of spermatozoa in a population that are able to contribute to normal
      development--at least 54% of mature individuals that were able to fertilize the
      egg after microinjection, or at least 13 1/2% (25% of 54%) of the total
      population of mature sperm. The production of normal young shows that sperm
      microinjection is a feasible means for the treatment of severe male infertility
      in the human and in other species.

PMID- 3408777
TI  - Uterine-specific proteins in luminal secretions of swine leukocyte antigen-inbred
      miniature swine with cystic endometrial hyperplasia.
AB  - Uterine-specific proteins were evaluated in luminal secretions of Swine Leukocyte
      Antigen (SLA)-inbred miniature swine with cystic endometrial hyperplasia (CEH) by
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and Sephacryl S-200 chromatography. CEH
      and non-CEH (NCEH) pigs (n = 23) were killed on Days 4, 9, and 15 of the estrous
      cycle (estrus = Day 0) and reproductive tracts were excised for collection of
      serum and uterine luminal protein. Uterine luminal protein was greater (p less
      than 0.05) on Day 9 than on Days 4 and 15 (42.9 vs. 6.1 and 29.4 mg,
      respectively) for CEH pigs and Days 4, 9, and 15 (8.5, 10.1, and 25.6 mg,
      respectively) for NCEH pigs. The presence of the uterine-specific acidic and
      basic proteins, as revealed by PAGE, was affected (p less than 0.025) by day of
      the cycle and CEH condition. All Day 15 NCEH pigs (4 of 4) produced the complete
      profile of these proteins, whereas none of the uterine protein samples
      representing other treatment groups contained them. Some minor acidic protein
      components were present in cystic fluids from CEH pigs, but these fluids lacked
      the typical uterine-specific proteins. PAGE analysis of Sephacryl S-200 fractions
      from uterine fluids of Day 15 NCEH pigs revealed the uterine-specific proteins in
      fractions IV (Mr 40,000) and V (Mr 15,000). The results of the investigation
      demonstrate an impairment in the secretion of uterine-specific proteins in cyclic
      SLA miniature swine with cystic endometrial hyperplasia.

PMID- 3408778
TI  - The release of iron by Sertoli cells in culture.
AB  - In seminiferous tubules, iron transport from the blood to the abluminal germinal
      cells must occur through the Sertoli cell cytoplasm. We investigated the release
      of previously accumulated iron by cultured Sertoli cells. We found that Sertoli
      cells contain easily releasable and less easily releasable iron pools. Iron is
      released in a low molecular weight form (molecular weight less than 30,000). A
      high concentration of this low molecular weight iron in the medium reduces
      further iron release by Sertoli cells, whereas the addition of more medium or
      fresh medium increases further iron release. Apotransferrin stimulates the
      release of iron in a dose-dependent manner by chelating the low molecular weight
      iron. Rat and human apotransferrin are completely competitive in this respect.
      Diethylenetriamine penta acetic acid (DTPA), an extracellular iron chelator, and
      apotransferrin compete for iron binding and stimulation of iron release,
      indicating that no binding or uptake of the chelator by the cells is required.
      Desferrioxamine (DFO), an intracellular iron chelator, on the other hand,
      increases iron release more drastically, and apotransferrin cannot compete with
      it for iron. The addition of extracellular iron also increases the amount of 59Fe
      in the medium, probably by reducing the re-uptake of 59Fe. This is also
      demonstrated with primaquine, which blocks endocytosis and increases the amount
      of 59Fe in the medium. The presence of germinal cells also stimulates the release
      of iron by Sertoli cells. When cocultured, the germinal cells internalize iron as
      it is release by Sertoli cells.

PMID- 3408779
TI  - Source of high testosterone levels associated with autoimmune ovarian dysgenesis
      in neonatally thymectomized B6A mice.
AB  - Thymectomy at three days of age (Tx-3) in mice results in early ovarian
      dysgenesis and eventual sterility. In (C57BL/6JCr x A/JCr)F1 (B6A) mice, the
      ovaries are reduced in weight, composed mostly of interstitial-like cells, and
      are usually devoid of oocytes, follicles, and corpora lutea by 60 days of age.
      This thymectomy-induced acceleration of follicular atresia is autoimmune in
      nature and is accompanied by circulating auto-oocyte antibodies (AOA). The
      dysgenesis is also characterized by elevated levels of testosterone (T). To
      determine the source of these high T levels, various combinations of Tx-3, and
      adrenalectomy (Adx) and ovariectomy (Ovx) at 15 days of age were performed.
      Levels of T, estradiol-17 beta (E2), and corticosterone (B) were analyzed and
      compared with ovarian morphology. Except for plasma B levels, animals that
      underwent both Tx-3 and Adx were not significantly different from mice that
      received Tx-3 alone. As anticipated, B and E2 levels were substantially decreased
      in Adx and Ovx mice, respectively. T levels in the Tx-3 and Tx-3/Adx groups were
      first elevated at 60 days of age (0.17 and 0.14 ng/ml, respectively) then rose
      sequentially through 150 days of age (0.91 and 0.89 ng/ml, respectively) as
      compared to the significantly lower T levels in intact and Tx-3/Ovx mice (less
      than 0.20 ng/ml through 150 days of age). These results suggest that the
      increased T is being secreted by ovarian rather than adrenal tissue. Furthermore,
      this model may be of value to investigators interested in the study of
      interstitial or non-follicular steroidogenesis in the ovary.

PMID- 3408780
TI  - Stimulation of rat placental cell DNA synthesis by transferrin.
AB  - The purpose of the present investigation was to evaluate the in vitro
      requirements for rat placental cell DNA synthesis. A cell line established from
      the labyrinth region of midgestation rat chorioallantoic placentas was used to
      examine the actions of various agents. Transferrin was found to stimulate rat
      placental cell DNA synthesis and cell proliferation. The effects of transferrin
      on rat placental cell growth paralleled those observed with fetal bovine serum.
      Rat placental cells were responsive to both rat and human transferrin. Iron
      saturated (holo-) transferrin was a more potent stimulator of rat placental cell
      DNA synthesis than was iron-free (apo-) transferrin. Addition of insulin,
      epidermal growth factor, or insulin-like growth factor-II to serum-free medium
      supplemented with rat transferrin did not significantly enhance rat placental
      cell DNA synthesis beyond that observed with only transferrin. The results
      demonstrate that a population of cells exists within the rat chorioallantoic
      placenta that are highly responsive to transferrin.

PMID- 3408781
TI  - Stimulatory effects of prostaglandins upon endometrial alkaline phosphatase
      activity during the decidual cell reaction in the rat.
AB  - An early event of the decidual cell reaction in response to either natural or
      artificial deciduogenic stimuli is an increase in the activity of alkaline
      phosphatase in endometrial stromal cells. Since it is known that prostaglandins
      have a stimulatory role in other events of the decidual cell reaction, this study
      addressed whether prostaglandins have any role in the increase in alkaline
      phosphatase activity. Mature ovariectomized rats were sensitized for the decidual
      cell reaction with s.c. injections of estrogen and progesterone. To investigate
      the effect of inhibition of endogenous prostaglandin synthesis, rats received
      indomethacin (s.c. and via intrauterine infusion) or the vehicles sesame oil and
      phosphate-buffered saline with gelatin. Biochemical measurement of endometrial
      alkaline phosphatase activity and protein content revealed that, compared to the
      controls, indomethacin had no significant effect at 24 h after the initiation of
      infusion. At 48 h, unit activity (activity per unit protein) and total activity
      were substantially lower in indomethacin-treated than in vehicle-treated rats. At
      72 h, there was a less dramatic difference between the unit activities of the two
      groups; however, there was a 10-fold difference between the total measureable
      activities of the two groups. Infusion of exogenous prostaglandins PGE2 or PGF2
      alpha into rats treated with indomethacin overrode the inhibitory effect of
      indomethacin upon the increase in alkaline phosphatase activity. The dose
      response relationship indicated that both PGE2 and PGF2 alpha have the same
      efficacy. In rats that had been treated similarly, localization of uterine
      alkaline phosphatase activity by histochemistry demonstrated a high correlation
      between the histochemical and biochemical data.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3408782
TI  - Progesterone secretion by corpora lutea of the isolated perfused rabbit ovary
      during pseudopregnancy.
AB  - An ovarian in vitro perfusion method was adapted to examine rabbit corpus luteum
      (CL) function during pseudopregnancy. Ovaries were perfused in vitro with tissue
      culture Medium 199 with or without 3% bovine serum albumin (BSA). Samples were
      obtained from both arterial and venous cannulae, allowing rates of progesterone
      secretion to be determined. Two perfusion methods were compared: a closed system
      in which perfusion medium continuously recirculated through the tissue, and an
      open system in which the ovarian vein cannula was left outside the perfusion
      chamber. The addition of 3% BSA was found to prevent edema and distortion of the
      interstitial space, and to result in increased progesterone secretion. With the
      closed perfusion system, the progesterone secretion rate measured over the 6-h
      perfusion was significantly higher on Day 11 than on Day 1 of pseudopregnancy and
      had declined significantly on Day 18. There was no difference in secretion rates
      whether the perfusion system was open or closed, and the results obtained with
      both systems closely approximated in vivo progesterone secretion rates.
      Measurements of CL tissue progesterone content before and after in vitro
      perfusion indicated that the changes in progesterone secretion seen during
      pseudopregnancy resulted from differences in the synthesis and secretion of
      progesterone and not from leakage of progesterone already present in the CL prior
      to perfusion. Taken together, these results indicate that the modified in vitro
      perfused rabbit ovary preparation described herein is an appropriate model to
      examine progesterone secretion by ovaries bearing CL.

PMID- 3408783
TI  - Processing of two protein precursors yields four mature guinea pig seminal
      vesicle secretory proteins.
AB  - The translation of the two most abundant guinea pig seminal vesicle epithelium
      mRNAs (1800 nucleotides and 950 nucleotides) and the subsequent processing of
      their protein products were studied in an effort to elucidate the mechanism by
      which the four mature guinea pig seminal vesicle epithelium (GPSVE) secretory
      proteins are produced. The primary translation products of the 1800 nt and 950 nt
      mRNAs are two secretory protein precursors of 45 kDa and 20 kDa, respectively.
      Removal of signal peptides from these two precursors produces proteins of 43 kDa
      and 18.5 kDa, which are recognized by polyclonal antisera directed against the
      four mature secretory proteins. The existence of further processing intermediates
      in the production of the secretory proteins is suggested by the appearance of
      other immunoreactive polypeptides following incubation of GPSVE in nutrient
      medium containing [3H] leucine. Immunological and pulse-chase analysis strongly
      suggests that the 43-kDa protein gives rise to SVP-1, -3, and -4 and that SVP-2
      is derived from the 18.5-kDa protein.

PMID- 3408784
TI  - Capacitation of bovine sperm by heparin.
AB  - Capacitation of bovine sperm was evaluated by determining the ability of sperm to
      fertilize bovine oocytes in vitro and to undergo an acrosome reaction upon
      exposure to lysophosphatidylcholine (LC). Incubation of sperm with heparin (10
      micrograms/ml) increased the percentage of oocytes fertilized, but this required
      exposing sperm to heparin for at least 4 h before adding them to oocytes. There
      was no effect on the percentage of motile or acrosome-reacted sperm after
      exposure of noncapacitated sperm to 100 micrograms/ml LC for 15 min. When sperm
      were incubated for 4 h with heparin, exposure to 100 micrograms/ml LC for 15 min
      had no effect on the percentage of sperm that were motile, but the percentage of
      acrosome-reacted sperm increased from less than 10% to over 70%. The acrosome
      reactions (ARs) induced by LC were synchronous, reached maximal levels within 15
      min, and differed (p less than 0.001) between sperm incubated under capacitating
      (with heparin) and noncapacitating conditions (without heparin). The time course
      required for heparin to capacitate sperm as judged by in vitro fertilization and
      to render sperm sensitive to LC induction of the AR were found to be similar. The
      percentage of ARs induced by LC and percentage of oocytes fertilized by sperm
      were found to be heparin-dose-dependent, with the maximum responses occurring at
      5-10 micrograms/ml heparin. The correlation between the mean fertilization and LC
      induced AR percentages was 0.997 (p less than 0.01). These studies demonstrate
      capacitation of bovine sperm by heparin requires at least a 4-h exposure of sperm
      to heparin and suggest that plasma membrane changes prior to an AR can be
      detected by exposure of bovine sperm to LC.

PMID- 3408785
TI  - Size-frequency analysis of atresia in cycling rats.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to delineate when, during follicular growth, the
      alternative developmental pathways leading to ovulation or atresia diverge. By
      using computerized image analysis techniques, random samples of healthy and
      atretic follicles in ovaries of cycling rats were subjected to size-frequency
      analysis. The vast preponderance of atretic follicles were of the early antral
      size class (approximately 300-350 micron diameter, 800-1000 granulosa cells in
      the largest cross-section); atretic small follicles (less than 250 granulosa
      cells in the largest cross-section) were rare. Follicles in early stages of
      atresia were uncommon in ovaries of animals killed at estrus, but were found with
      great frequency in ovaries of animals killed the following day (metestrus). These
      results suggest that, under normal cyclic conditions, there may be only one major
      branching point during follicular development when growing follicles become
      susceptible to atresia. The alternative developmental pathways leading to
      ovulation and atresia may not diverge until the penultimate stage of growth,
      immediately preceding the final transformation into a preovulatory follicle.

PMID- 3408786
TI  - Formation of estrogen glucuronides by human granulosa-luteal cells isolated from
      human menopausal gonadotropin-stimulated cycles for in vitro fertilization.
AB  - The formation of steroid glucuronides by human granulosa cells isolated from
      human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG)/human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)-stimulated
      cycles for in vitro fertilization was studied. From granulosa cells in
      suspension, 5 x 10(-7) M androstenedione was converted into estradiol (2.50 +/-
      0.21 ng/ml), estrone (1.84 +/- 0.16 ng/ml), estradiol glucuronide (0.38 +/- 0.07
      ng/ml), as well as estrone glucuronide (0.24 +/- 0.04 ng/ml). When 5 x 10(-7) M
      estradiol was incubated, estrone (15.5 +/- 0.9 ng/ml) and estradiol glucuronide
      (0.12 +/- 0.05 ng/ml) were detected in medium. Using the same preparation of
      granulosa cells, we have observed that androsterone could uniquely be transformed
      into androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol (1.42 +/- 0.56 ng/ml), and only low amounts
      of steroid glucuronides could be detected. Since the formation of steroid
      glucuronides was extremely small when granulosa cells in suspension were used, we
      subsequently studied granulosa cells in culture. When 5 x 10(-7) M estradiol was
      added, estrone (7.8 +/- 1.3 ng/ml) and estradiol glucuronide (0.68 +/- 0.08
      ng/ml) were formed. The addition of follicle-stimulating hormone did not cause a
      further increase in estrone or estradiol glucuronide levels. As observed with
      granulosa cells in suspension, incubation with androsterone led to the formation
      of androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol (24.2 +/- 0.07 ng/ml). Our data demonstrated
      the presence of glucuronyltransferase in human granulosa cells obtained from
      preovulatory follicles of hMG/hCG-treated women. In addition, since the
      conversion of androsterone into C-19 steroid glucoronide was relatively small,
      the present finding also indicates that the glucoronyltransferase enzymatic
      activity in granulosa-luteal cells preferentially conjugated estrogens.

PMID- 3408787
TI  - Immediate postnatal rise in whole body androgen content in male rats: correlation
      with increased testicular content and reduced body clearance of testosterone.
AB  - Whole body content of androgen (testosterone + 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone) was
      invariably higher in male than in female rat pups killed 1 or 3 h after natural
      delivery, whereas androgen content was equivalent in males and females killed
      immediately or 6, 12, and 24 h after birth. Testicular content of androgen was
      significantly elevated in males killed 1 and 24 h after birth, compared with
      levels in males killed immediately, or 3, 6, and 12 h after birth. Thus,
      heightened testicular androgen content was only initially associated with
      increased systemic levels of androgen in males during the immediate postpartum
      period. A second study assessed the possibility that the body's clearance (i.e.,
      metabolism plus excretion) of testosterone is lower in newborn rats upon
      separation from the placental circulation than in slightly older pups. Rats of
      both sexes killed 1 and 3 h after s.c. injection of [3H] testosterone had
      significantly higher plasma concentrations of [3H] testosterone as well as
      several 5 alpha-reduced androgens (5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone, 3 alpha
      androstanediol, and androsterone) when injections were given within minutes as
      opposed to 24 h after birth. This suggests that in both sexes the clearance of
      testosterone is slower immediately after birth than at later ages. This
      phenomenon together with a brief postnatal elevation in the testicular synthesis
      and secretion of testosterone may explain the temporary rise in circulating
      androgen concentrations that occurs in the newborn male rat.

PMID- 3408788
TI  - Early treatment of young female rats with progesterone delays the aging
      associated reproductive decline: a counteraction by estradiol.
AB  - We have recently reported that successive treatments of young virgin rats with
      progesterone (P) implants produce elevated circulating P and consistently low
      estradiol (E2) concentrations, and subsequently delay the aging-associated
      reproductive decline. Inasmuch as E2 has been implicated in causing the loss of
      regular estrous cyclicity in aging rats, the present study examined if the
      concomitant presence of moderately increased circulating E2 levels could
      counteract the effects of P implants on reproductive aging. Starting at 3 1/2 mo
      and continuing to 8 mo of age, regularly cyclic, virgin rats received either s.c.
      Silastic implants of P (P-implanted), blank Silastic implants (virgin controls),
      or P + E2 implants (P + E2-implanted) for 3 wk, followed by implant removal for 1
      wk. Each of these implant treatments was repeated in the same female rats 5
      times. Blood samples were obtained on different days of the estrous cycle from
      the control group and on Day 11 of successive treatments with P or P + E2
      implants for measurements of serum P and E2 values. At 8 1/2 and 10 mo of age,
      estrous cyclicity of these same virgin rats was again monitored, and 10-mo-old
      regularly cyclic females from each treatment group were mated with young fertile
      males to complete term pregnancies. While virgin controls showed cyclic increases
      in E2 and P secretion during the estrous cycle, P-implanted virgins exhibited
      consistently low serum E2 and moderately increased P levels during 5 successive
      treatments. The latter indicates a potent inhibition of ovarian E2 secretion by P
      implants.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3408789
TI  - Albumin adsorption on metal surfaces.
AB  - Studies of adsorption kinetics, desorption and adsorption isotherms concerning
      the interaction between albumin and a range of metal and metal oxides were
      undertaken in vitro. Three distinct types of behaviour concerning the adsorption
      of albumin on to metal surfaces were identified. Some metals adsorb considerably
      greater amounts of protein than might be expected from surface energy alone and
      it is suggested that electrostatic forces could be responsible for this
      phenomenon.

PMID- 3408790
TI  - Creep in a palladium-enriched high-copper amalgam.
AB  - Palladium additions to a dispersed phase high-copper amalgam have been shown
      recently to suppress markedly the eta' (Cu6Sn5) concentration and decrease creep.
      A detailed study of the dental and 24 h creep for Pd containing high-copper
      amalgams and six commercial controls as a function of applied temperature and
      stress was performed. One part of Ag-Cu or Ag-Cu-Pd dispersants with
      substitutions of up to 20wt/o Pd for either Ag or Cu was blended with two parts
      of traditional amalgam alloy. Various temperatures from 25 to 60 degrees C and
      stresses from 36 to 72 MPa were applied to the samples during the test. For
      commercial controls and experimental amalgams with no Pd, creep is a strong
      function of temperature and stress. The experimental amalgam containing up to
      10wt/o Pd, Pd substituted for Ag, demonstrated essentially constant creep over
      the temperature and stress range applied.

PMID- 3408792
TI  - In vitro and in vivo studies on antithrombogenicity of poly(propylene oxide)
      segmented nylon 610 in relation to its crystalline-amorphous microstructure.
AB  - In vitro and in vivo antithrombogenicity of poly(propylene oxide) segmented nylon
      610 was investigated. For the in vitro simulation of thrombosis on copolymer
      surfaces, a modified microsphere column method evaluated the thrombosis time of
      the copolymer column. For the in vivo evaluation of the antithrombogenicity of
      copolymer surfaces, small diameter tubing, precoated with copolymer, was
      implanted in rabbits as an arteriovenous shunt to determine the time of patency
      for the copolymer tubing. In both the in vitro and in vivo tests, the copolymer
      having a particular size and distribution of crystalline and amorphous
      microphases on its surface exhibited excellent antithrombogenicity; the copolymer
      with a long period of approximately 12 nm and a crystallite thickness of 6.5 nm
      suppressed the activation process of adhering platelets to show thromboresistant
      property. This paper emphasizes the importance of controlling the crystalline
      amorphous microstructure for the antithrombogenicity of polymer surfaces with a
      semicrystalline microstructure.

PMID- 3408791
TI  - Immunoaffinity chromatography of lymphocyte subpopulations using tert-amine
      derived matrices with adsorbed antibodies.
AB  - New polymeric solid-phase matrices for cell affinity chromatography were prepared
      and their advantageous characteristics compared with conventional matrices were
      highlighted. These new matrices are derivatives of poly(2-hydroxyethyl
      methacrylate) (PHEMA) containing a slight quantity of amino compounds as a co
      monomer. They were applied to immunoaffinity selection between IgG+ and IgG-
      lymphocytes of the rat mesenteric lymph node. Simple physical adsorption was
      sufficient for anti-rat IgG antibodies to be immobilized on these matrices,
      allowing us to omit the laborious procedure of covalent-linking of antibodies on
      a matrix. As these matrices themselves showed extremely low non-specific
      adsorption of lymphocytes, a very dilute solution of antibody (0.02-0.08 mg/ml)
      was enough for column conditioning. This separation method gave IgG- lymphocytes
      of more than 90% purity and almost 95% yield within as short a time as 7 min.
      Further, IgG+ lymphocytes were obtained in good yield (80-90% of loaded number)
      by recovering the adsorbing cell fraction from the column by gentle pipetting of
      the matrix.

PMID- 3408793
TI  - Heparin-like tubings. II. Mechanism of the thrombin-antithrombin III reaction at
      the surface.
AB  - In a previous paper we described the surface treatment of tubings made of
      polystyrene grafted by irradiation onto polyethylene tubular materials. As a
      result, polystyrene moieties of their inner face were substituted by sulphonate
      and aspartic acid sulphamide groups. In order to study the mechanism of the
      thrombin-antithrombin III reaction occurring at the modified surface and to
      determine the kinetics of the reaction, step by step experiments were set up
      involving either the protease adsorbed at the surface reacting with the
      antiprotease circulating in the solution or the opposite. These procedures
      allowed us to demonstrate the heparin-like catalytic activity of the tubings.

PMID- 3408794
TI  - In vitro platelet adhesion and in vivo antithrombogenicity of heparinized
      polyetherurethaneureas.
AB  - We investigated in-vitro platelet adhesion to polyetherurethaneureas, to which
      heparin was bound covalently or by ionic bonding. When heparin was bound to
      polymers, platelet adhesion and platelet activation upon adhesion were suppressed
      with the increasing content of bound heparin in the polymer. Platelets were
      activated upon adsorption to different degrees according to the method of
      heparinization. The platelet adhesion and the platelet activation upon adhesion
      appeared to be regulated by the electrostatic repulsion between platelet and
      anionic surface of covalently or ionically heparinized polymer, rather than by
      the physiological action of bound heparin. The effect of the method of
      heparinization seemed to be related to the molecular heterogeneity of heparin.
      Heparinized polyurethanes which interacted very weakly with platelets in vitro
      were tested for in-vivo antithrombogenicity. The test was carried out by the
      implantation of a suture of the heparinized polyurethane into canine veins.
      Ionically heparinized polyurethane did not form a thrombus and maintained a
      smooth surface over a long period. On the other hand, covalently heparinized
      polyurethane formed a small amount of thrombus and grew endothelial cells from
      the insertion point.

PMID- 3408795
TI  - Receptor-mediated uptake of starch and mannan microparticles by macrophages:
      relative contribution of receptors for complement, immunoglobulins and
      carbohydrates.
AB  - The contribution of different macrophage receptors to the uptake of polyacryl
      starch and polyacryl mannan microparticles by macrophages was studied. Both types
      of microparticle were taken up to a larger and similar extent when they had been
      pre-incubated with serum, indicating the importance of serum factors in the
      uptake process. These results were supported by organ distribution studies in
      mice, showing that the two microparticles were rapidly targeted to the liver and
      spleen after i.v. injection. The carbohydrate-specific mannose/fucose receptor
      was found to contribute significantly to the uptake of non-opsonized but not
      opsonized mannan microparticles. The two different microparticles were found to
      activate the alternative complement pathway and to adsorb immunoglobulin G, human
      serum albumin and fibronectin to their surface. Inhibition experiments provided
      evidence for the involvement of a complement receptor (CR3) and an Fc-receptor
      (FCR) for IgG in the uptake of opsonized microparticles.

PMID- 3408796
TI  - Biological activity of chitosan: ultrastructural study.
AB  - Reparative processes are reconstructive phenomena in which cellular elements and
      extracellular matrix glycoproteins interact to build the injured tissue.
      Biomaterials can be used to improve or stimulate reconstruction. In the present
      experimental investigation, tissue repair induced by chitosan, an 86.8%
      deacetylated poly(GlcNAc), was monitored by morphological analysis. To evaluate
      its biological role, chitosan was positioned in contact with dura mater or was
      used as a dura mater substitute. This polysaccharide, having structural
      characteristics similar to glycosaminoglycans, seems to mimic their functional
      behaviour. The inductive and stimulatory activity of chitosan on connective
      tissue-rebuilding is clearly demonstrated, and it is suggested that chitosan
      could be considered a primer on which a normal tissue architecture is organized.

PMID- 3408797
TI  - In vivo biocompatibility of catheter materials.
AB  - The inflammatory response to four different catheter materials was quantitatively
      characterized using an in vivo cage implant system over a 21 d implantation
      period. The greatest differences between materials were observed at day 4, where
      the total leucocyte concentration in the exudate decreased in the following
      order: AE-PVC greater than A-PU greater than D-PU1 greater than D-PU2. Similar
      trends were observed for the polymorphonuclear leucocyte (PMN) and macrophage
      concentrations at day 4. At day 7, this trend continued, but by day 21 the total
      leucocyte concentration, PMN concentration and macrophage concentration had
      decreased to comparable values for all materials. The extracellular alkaline
      phosphatase activity at day 4 was lowest for the AE-PVC exudate samples. Similar
      results were observed for the extracellular acid phosphatase activity but after
      that time point no significant differences were observed. From these results, it
      appears that AE-PVC is least biocompatible compared with the other three catheter
      materials, which were polyurethanes.

PMID- 3408799
TI  - New method to assess the water vapour permeance of wound coverings.
AB  - A new method for assessing the permeability to water vapour of wound coverings is
      presented, using the evaporimeter developed by Nilsson. This new method combines
      the water vapour transmission rate (WVTR) and the vapour pressure difference
      across a wound covering in one absolute measure: the water vapour permeance
      (WVP). The WVP of a wound covering is the steady flow (g) of water vapour per
      unit (m2) area of surface in unit (h) time induced by unit (kPa) vapour pressure
      difference, g.m-2.h-1.kPa-1. Since the WVP of a wound covering is a more accurate
      measure for the permeability than the WVTR is, it facilitates the prediction of
      the water exchange of a wound covering in clinical situations.

PMID- 3408798
TI  - Subcutaneous polymeric matrix system poly(HEMA-BGA) for controlled release of an
      anticancer drug (5-fluorouracil). I. Synthesis and structure.
AB  - The present study was an attempt to design a new polymer-drug composite system
      for local chemotherapy. Poly(hydroxyethylmethacrylate-bisglycolacrylate) carriers
      containing an anticancer drug, 5-fluorouracil, were prepared by low temperature
      radiation polymerization technique. By changing the relative amounts and the
      types of ingredients, drug loading and radiation dosage, polymer-drug composites
      with different structural properties were obtained. This paper presents the
      preparation procedure and analyses some of the structural properties of these
      novel composites.

PMID- 3408800
TI  - Guinea pig and rabbit model for the histological evaluation of permanent
      percutaneous implants.
AB  - The object of this study was to develop a small experimental animal model for a
      systematic study of the interfacial phenomena between percutaneous implants and
      skin. Plasma-sprayed and dense hydroxyapatite test implants were inserted into
      the tibia and dorsum of guinea pigs and into the tibia and on the cranium of
      rabbits. At preselected periods, the animals were killed and the implants with
      their surrounding tissues were processed histologically. The results revealed
      that the tibia and cranial implants had healed uneventfully. The epidermis showed
      no tendency to grow down into the dermis, but appeared to form a stable junction
      with the implant surface. Around the dorsal implants, the epidermis migrated
      downwards and most of these implants were lost 6 weeks after insertion. It was
      concluded that the guinea pig and the rabbit were a suitable model for studying
      the pathophysiology of percutaneous wound healing and that the implant location
      is an important factor for percutaneous implant success.

PMID- 3408801
TI  - Irritation effects of residual products derived from poly(2-hydroxyethyl
      methacrylate) gels. I. Testing of some model compounds.
AB  - 2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) monomer and sodium benzoate, diluted with
      saline in the range 0-20%, were tested for intradermal irritation in rats.
      Radioactive indicator (113mIn) was used to quantify this biological response. At
      low concentrations (up to 1%) only a little irritation was recorded, while at
      higher levels (5% or more) a significant adverse reaction developed. The degree
      of irritation was dose dependent. In the concentration range 0-10%, the response
      was exponential. Model decomposition products derived from three different
      polymerization initiators were also tested. How the results obtained with the
      model irritants relate to real polymerization systems is discussed.

PMID- 3408802
TI  - Surface spectroscopic characterization of titanium implants after separation from
      plastic-embedded tissue.
AB  - The method of plastic embedding of tissue and implant and subsequent separation
      of plastic and implant for preparing sections of tissue adjacent to solid
      metallic implants relies on a successful separation of the embedment and the
      implant. In this work, the surface of machined Ti implants has been analysed in
      order to investigate to what extent plastic remnants exist on the implant after
      separation. SEM and AES analyses show that at least 70% of the implant surface is
      free of plastic remnants to a proximity of 10 nm or less from the implant
      surface. The method is simple and suitable for both light and transmission
      electron microscopy of the interface tissue.

PMID- 3408803
TI  - Characterization of surgical needles.
AB  - The acuity (sharpness) of surgical needle points was assessed by measuring the
      force required for repeat needle penetrations through a medium-gauge latex sheet
      glued to a perforated Plexiglas frame. The data on the variation in the applied
      force with repeat penetrations showed that needles obeyed the general relation: P
      = A + B.n; where P is the applied penetration force in grams, n is the number of
      penetrations and A and B are constants. Constant A characterized the needle-point
      acuity and B the maintenance of acuity. This relationship indicated both needle
      acuity and acuity maintenance with repeated passes through a reproducible target
      material. Determining the microhardness of needles provided data on their
      strength which helped to account for differences in the acuity of apparently
      similar needles. The tensile strength of the union between suture and needle was
      determined to evaluate the security of suture attachment.

PMID- 3408804
TI  - Surgical biomaterials and differential colonization by Staphylococcus
      epidermidis.
AB  - The data presented in this communication demonstrate preferential colonization of
      certain biomaterials by Staphylococcus epidermidis. Using a laminar flow
      biomaterial colonization chamber and surgical-grade biomaterials (stainless
      steel, aluminium ceramic, methyl methacrylate and high-density polyethylene), the
      pattern of colonization was quantitated using plate count techniques and electron
      microscopy. Under comparable conditions, methyl methacrylate was colonized by S.
      epidermidis in greater numbers than the other biomaterials. Increased bacterial
      colonization and slime production on methyl methacrylate was time-dependent and
      15 times higher than on stainless steel and aluminium and four times higher than
      on high-density polyethylene. The data reveal that certain biomaterials may
      promote infection by favouring colonization by potential pathogens. This variable
      should be explored extensively in an in vivo setting because of its implication
      in clinical infections.

PMID- 3408805
TI  - HIV: the etiologic agent of AIDS and associated diseases.

PMID- 3408806
TI  - The use of hydrolytic enzymes as adjuvant therapy in AIDS/ARC/LAS patients.
AB  - The purpose of this paper is to discuss a hypothesis corroborating the use of
      hydrolytic enzymes in AIDS/ARC/LAS patients, showing high levels of circulating
      immune complexes (CIC). Other diseases, revealing high CIC-levels as well, may be
      improved or even cured by eliminating CIC. The results obtained from experiences
      of CIC-elimination by hydrolytic enzymes are presented below. As may be
      determined from the data available, hydrolytic enzymes should be included in the
      therapy of HIV-positive patients. Clinical trials are being continued.

PMID- 3408807
TI  - Chorionic gonadotropin-induced cell proliferation and polyclonal immunoglobulin
      synthesis in human mononuclear cells.
AB  - Some fetal and placental proteins may play a role in stimulating normal and
      malignant cell proliferation. We studied the effect of human chorionic
      gonadotropin (hCG) on the proliferative response of mitogen or alloantigen
      activated, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM). The effect of hCG on
      polyclonal immunoglobulin synthesis was determined in pokeweed mitogen-activated
      cultures of PBM. hCG had a statistically discernible, augmenting effect on
      thymidine uptake in lectin-stimulated mononuclear cell cultures. This effect
      appeared to be dose-dependent, with an optimal range at 50-150 ng/hCG/ml.
      Polyclonal IgG and IgM synthesis was also significantly increased, both in PWM
      stimulated and PWM-free cultures of PBM. Parallel studies with a rapidly growing
      EB-virus transformed lymphoblastoid line showed no hCG effect. In contrast to
      previous reports on the immunosuppressive action of hCG, we conclude that hCG
      functions, in our experimental conditions, as a mitogen and a stimulator of
      polyclonal immunoglobulin synthesis.

PMID- 3408808
TI  - Synergism between zymosan-activated serum and heparin in the induction of
      polymorphonuclear leukocyte aggregation.
AB  - During the course of extracorporeal circulation, leukocyte aggregation is known
      to occur in some patients. This is attributed to complement activation and
      release of the chemotactic factor C5a. We investigated the effect of heparin on
      in vitro complement induced aggregation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNAGG),
      since most patients undergo heparinization during the extracorporeal circulation.
      Our results indicate that sub-aggregating concentrations of zymosan-activated
      serum (ZAS) enhance heparin-induced PMNAGG and that sub-aggregating amounts of
      heparin increase the aggregation induced by ZAS. Heat inactivation of the serum
      prior to zymosan activation abrogated the aggregating activity of the ZAS.
      Furthermore, the combined ZAS and heparin-induced PMNAGG was partially inhibited
      by specific antibodies to C5a but not to C3a. Therefore, we suggest that heparin
      and C5a may have a synergistic effect on the aggregation of polymorphonuclear
      leukocytes. These data might be relevant to situations in which patients are
      subjected to extracorporeal circulation.

PMID- 3408809
TI  - Potentiating the effectiveness of influenza vaccination by a combined
      immunostimulation with P40 immunomodulator: an experimental study in mice.
AB  - Influenza vaccination is highly desirable in view of the epidemic character of
      this infection and of the severity that it can assume in high-risk and in elderly
      persons. Its effectiveness varies from 40-90%. Moreover, strains can undergo an
      antigenic drift in the course of an epidemic. Consequently, reinforcement of the
      immunogenicity of vaccines is required for achieving a more complete immunization
      coverage. Combination of an immunomodulator, the C. granulosum-derived P40
      fraction, with influenza vaccine resulted in significant potentiation of vaccine
      immunogenicity. In addition to its adjuvant action, the P40 is also likely to
      exercise a protective effect by stimulating the non-specific immune defenses of
      the organism.

PMID- 3408810
TI  - Leishmania donovani: superoxide dismutase level in infected macrophages.
AB  - Superoxide dismutase (SOD), a metal containing enzyme is present in parasite
      Leishmania donovani as well as in host macrophages both resident and activated in
      a detectable amount, although the level is much higher in the latter case. It is
      observed that at any particular protein concentration, the SOD activity is
      highest in the case of parasite infected macrophages and lowest in the case of
      normal resident macrophages; the SOD activity of thioglycolate activated
      macrophages lies in between the two. It is also noticed that formalin-killed
      Leishmania donovani neither attach to macrophages nor do they increase the SOD
      activity of the host. Thus, the processes, e.g. attachment of the parasite to the
      host membrane, subsequent membrane perturbation and thus activation of membrane
      bound enzyme NADPH oxidase leading to respiratory burst, may be responsible for
      an enormous increase in the SOD level in macrophages during infection. Moreover,
      the chemical nature of the SOD found in infected macrophages has been
      investigated by using an inhibitor, e.g. NaCN, which specifically inhibits Cu-Zn
      SOD but not Fe-SOD. A considerable inhibition of SOD activity by NaCN in infected
      macrophages confirms the chemical nature of the increased SOD to be of Cu-Zn
      type, usually found in host. Presumably, Cu-Zn SOD or host SOD plays a protective
      role at the time of parasite infection although the role of parasitic SOD or some
      other mechanisms for the survival of the parasite within the toxic phagolysosome
      environment of the macrophage cannot be ruled out.

PMID- 3408811
TI  - Regulation of hepatic cholesterogenesis by polar steroids accumulated after
      cholesterol feeding.
AB  - The incorporation of mevalonate into nonsaponifiable lipids by chick liver in
      vivo strongly increased between 1-18 days after hatching. Cholesterol feeding
      (2%) inhibited this. Synthesis of cholesterol was strongly inhibited, whereas the
      intermediates isolated by TLC accumulated. Most of the polar nonsaponifiable
      lipids that accumulated in liver 90 minutes after mevalonate administration to 18
      day-old cholesterol-fed chicks were identified as lanosterol derivatives. 3
      Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase activity, as well as acetate and
      mevalonate incorporation into nonsaponifiable lipids, was inhibited by the
      presence of these compounds. To our knowledge, this is the first report of such
      inhibition; this confirms the physiological function of polar steroids in the
      regulation of cholesterogenesis in vivo.

PMID- 3408812
TI  - Cartilage proteoglycan aggregate and fibronectin can modulate the expression of
      type X collagen by embryonic chick chondrocytes cultured in collagen gels.
AB  - Chick embryo sternal chondrocytes from the caudal and cephalic regions were
      cultured within type I collagen gels and type I collagen/proteoglycan aggregate
      composite gels in normal serum. Caudal region chondrocytes were also cultured
      within type I collagen gels in the presence of fibronectin-depleted serum. There
      was a marked stimulation of type X collagen synthesis by the caudal region
      chondrocytes after 9 days in the presence of fibronectin-depleted serum and after
      14 days in the presence of proteoglycan aggregate. These results provide evidence
      for the ability of chondrocytes from a zone of permanent cartilage to synthesise
      type X collagen and for the involvement of extracellular matrix components in the
      control of type X collagen gene expression.

PMID- 3408813
TI  - Proteolytic specificity of chicken cathepsin L on bovine beta-casein.
AB  - The proteolytic specificity of chicken cathepsin L was studied using bovine beta
      casein as substrate. The peptide mixtures obtained after various times of
      hydrolysis were separated by RP-HPLC and ten peptides were identified. Chicken
      cathepsin L accepts proline residues in all positions except P'1. Looking at the
      amino acid residues on the amino side of the scissile bond we found three times
      the Tyr-Pro pair at P'1-P'2 positions and that the S'1 subsite can interact with
      modified amino acids such as phosphoserine.

PMID- 3408814
TI  - Colchicine, colcemide and cytochalasin B do not affect translocation of the
      glucocorticoid hormone-receptor in rat thymocytes or Ehrlich ascites cells.
AB  - The involvement of intracellular cytoskeletal elements in the translocation of
      the dexamethasone-receptor complex from the cytoplasm to the nucleus was studied
      using the cytoskeleton-disrupting agents colcemide, colchicine and cytochalasin
      B. These compounds did not affect the translocation of the hormone-receptor
      complex. We conclude that microfilaments and microtubules do not play a role in
      the translocation of the glucocorticoid hormone-receptor complex from the
      cytoplasm to the nucleus.

PMID- 3408815
TI  - Kinetic and morphological changes induced in human blood leucocytes by
      cytochalasin D and E.
AB  - The effect of increasing concentrations of cytochalasin D and E, up to toxicity,
      on the velocity of blood leucocytes from normal subjects was measured in vitro
      using a high-resolution objective and phase-contrast time-lapse photography. The
      dose-response effect for the two different cytochalasins differed in accordance
      with the different cell specificity of their membrane binding. The average
      velocity of granulocytes was reduced at cytochalasin D concentrations above 5 x
      10(-7)M and cytochalasin E concentrations above 5 x 10(-5)M. The effect on
      monocytes and eosinophils was similar. In contrast the velocity of lymphocytes
      was not affected until cytotoxic concentrations were reached. The concentration
      ranges which inhibited locomotion corresponded well with the concentration ranges
      of the cytochalasins which have an in vitro effect on microfilaments. The
      concentrations which induced additional morphological changes in lymphocytes also
      correlate well with the concentrations found to inhibit cross-linking in vitro,
      as well as those known to induce morphological changes in, for example,
      fibroblasts in vivo. Cytotoxic effects were first observed with ten-fold higher
      concentrations of cytochalasin E than of cytochalasin D.

PMID- 3408816
TI  - Human macrophage maturation in vitro: expression of functional transferrin
      binding sites of high affinity.
AB  - Human blood monocytes (mo) when cultured in suspension on hydrophobic teflon
      membranes undergo terminal maturation to macrophages (MO). Together with the
      appearance of new lineage-restricted differentiation antigens, mature MO but not
      blood mo, express transferrin (TF) receptor molecules as detected by
      immunostaining methods. Here we report that radio- and fluorescein-labelled TF
      binds to a single class of high-affinity binding sites on MO but not on mo. As mo
      mature in vitro in the presence of human serum, their receptor numbers increase
      to about 10(6) per cell, showing an apparent Kd for Fe2TF of approximately 5 nM.
      These receptor numbers were comparable with our estimates for cultured K 562
      human tumor cells, and about 20x greater than reported for human MO cultured in
      the presence of fetal calf serum. Our MO showed 58Fe uptake comparable with
      uptake by tumor cells and also exhibited TF-promoted uptakes of 61Ga. The
      possibility that MO might recycle stored iron through receptor-bound apoTF was
      not supported by experiments which showed that their Fe2TF receptors had much
      lower affinity for apoTF (Kd greater than 1 microM) and which could not detect
      separate high-affinity receptors specific for apoTF. Expression of TF receptors
      was not substantially altered by treatment with human recombinant interferon
      gamma.

PMID- 3408817
TI  - Adverse drug reactions in the differential diagnosis of GI and liver diseases.

PMID- 3408818
TI  - Criteria for the diagnosis of adverse drug reactions.

PMID- 3408819
TI  - A rapid and sensitive method for the determination of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid
      and trans-gamma-hydroxycrotonic acid in rat brain tissue by gas
      chromatography/mass spectrometry with negative ion detection.
AB  - gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) and trans-gamma-hydroxycrotonic acid (HCA)
      together with their respective internal standards were derivatized to give the
      pentafluorobenzyl esters of the N-tert-butyldimethylsilyl derivatives. These
      compounds give, under electron capture conditions, very simple negative ion mass
      spectra. A very sensitive and specific assay for GHB and HCA in brain tissue
      (detection limit of about 5 pg per injection) using gas chromatography/negative
      ion mass spectrometry is described. The average levels measured in the whole
      brain were 1.10 +/- 0.18 nmol GHB/g wet weight and 0.18 +/- 0.02 nmol HCA/g wet
      weight.

PMID- 3408820
TI  - Negative ion mass spectra of dihydropyridine calcium-channel blockers.
AB  - The negative ion mass spectra of some dihydropyridine analogues of nifedipine are
      studied; they show a fragmentation which is highly dependent on the position of
      the nitro group on the phenyl ring: 3'-nitro derivatives give essentially the
      molecular anion, whereas 2'-nitro derivatives lose successively H2O, RO and O. In
      addition, (2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl) derivatives show essentially a [M-ROH]-
      peak. Possible pathways for these fragmentations are given.

PMID- 3408822
TI  - An extraction-derivatization method suitable for the analysis of biogenic amines
      by gas chromatography negative ion mass spectrometry.
AB  - An extraction-derivatization method suitable for the analysis of subnanogram
      amounts of biogenic amines in aqueous solution has been developed. The most
      satisfactory procedure for the analysis of these compounds was reaction with 3,5
      ditrifluorobenzoylchloride (DTFMBCl) in phosphate buffer at pH 7.2 followed by
      extraction of the resultant amide esters into ethyl acetate. This was followed by
      hydrolysis of the phenolic ester functionalities by shaking the organic layer
      with 10 M ammonium hydroxide. The phenolic and alcoholic hydroxyl groups were
      then reacted with bistrimethylsilylacetamide and the trimethylsilyl-DTFMB amides
      were then analysed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in the negative ion
      chemical ionization mode with methane as reagent gas. The limits of detection for
      these derivatives was less than 1 pg and the method was readily applicable to the
      extraction and analysis of 0.5 ng of a given biogenic amine.

PMID- 3408821
TI  - Self-chemical ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass
      spectrometry: identification and characterization of modified and unmodified
      bases and nucleosides.
AB  - Self-chemical ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass
      spectra are reported for bases, nucleosides, and alkylated and exocyclic adducts
      of bases and nucleosides. The technique always produces a protonated molecular
      ion and in the majority of cases this is a single, intense peak. Analysis of a
      base mixture and a nucleoside mixture demonstrates the technique as an excellent
      method to identify the constituent compounds qualitatively. The high resolution
      capabilities and tandem mass spectrometric techniques (msn) in FT-ICR are
      discussed with respect to developing the technique as a future method to identify
      and characterize nucleic acid constituents, specifically adducts.

PMID- 3408823
TI  - Analysis of sub-microgram quantities of nucleotides by fast atom bombardment mass
      spectrometry.
AB  - Nucleotides of the structure P1,Pn-di(adenosine-5')-n-phosphate (n = di- through
      penta-) in the form of salts, and P1,P4-di(guanosine-5')tetraphosphate sodium
      salt have been analyzed by fast atom bombardment (FAB) mass spectrometry. A 0.2
      molar solution of p-toluenesulfonic acid in glycerol has been evaluated as a
      matrix. In this matrix, the metal ions of the nucleotide salts are readily
      exchanged for protons, resulting in a simple spectrum with only one peak in the
      molecular ion region corresponding to the free phosphoric acid of the nucleotide
      plus or minus a proton (positive or negative mode), instead of the multiplicity
      of peaks arising from a series of metal and matrix adduct ions found with
      glycerol as matrix. The detection limit for analytes using this matrix is
      improved by a factor of ten compared to glycerol alone. It appears that the high
      acidity and the surfactant properties of p-toluenesulfonic acid both contribute
      to this result. Useful spectra are obtained from 250 ng of each of the above
      mentioned nucleotides, with the detection limit being somewhat lower in the
      positive mode. However, both positive and negative FAB spectra are useful and the
      results are complementary.

PMID- 3408824
TI  - Capillary column isobutane chemical ionization mass spectrometry of mustard and
      related compounds.
AB  - Capillary column isobutane chemical ionization was found to be an excellent
      method for the mass spectral characterization of mustard, other sulfur vesicants
      and related compounds. Interpretation of [M + H]+ and fragmentation ion
      information afforded by this technique enabled the identification of many
      previously unreported mustard impurities. The developed methodology was applied
      to the analysis of an Iran/Iraq soil sample suspected to have been contaminated
      with mustard. Mustard and 17 other mustard related impurities were identified and
      characterized in this sample under electron impact and isobutane chemical
      ionization conditions.

PMID- 3408825
TI  - A selective ion monitoring assay for tributyltin and its degradation products.
AB  - Tributyltin (TBT) is a biocide which has been shown to enter the aquatic
      environment by release from antifouling paints. TBT is acutely toxic to some
      marine organisms at concentrations near 1 microgram l-1 and physiological changes
      may occur at low nanogram per liter concentrations. Gas chromatography/mass
      spectrometry (GC/MS) (methane chemical ionization) has been used for
      identification (full scanning) and quantification (selected ion monitoring) of
      TBT, dibutyltin (DBT) and monobutyltin (MBT). The butyltins were extracted from
      environmental water samples with hexane/0.2% tropolone and derivatized with hexyl
      magnesium bromide to form hexylbutyltins. Selected ion monitoring was at m/z 319
      (TBT) and m/z 347 (DBT, MBT and tripentyltin, the internal standard). Calibration
      curves prepared in natural water were linear and detection limits were less than
      2 ng l-1. GC/MS and GC with flame photometric detection were compared as
      quantification methods for environmental samples and were shown to give similar
      results at the low nanogram per liter levels.

PMID- 3408826
TI  - Nucleophilic reactions between biological conjugates and tetraalkylammonium ion
      pair reagents during desorption chemical ionization.
AB  - Tetraalkylammonium salts, commonly used as ion pair reagents in chromatography,
      were found to react with biological conjugates under desorption chemical
      ionization conditions in a mass spectrometer. The reactions occur for aromatic
      glucuronide and glucoside conjugates using solid samples loaded on the direct
      exposure probe. Evidence is presented that several mechanisms contribute to the
      degradative alkylation of benzo(a)pyrene glucuronide. This undesirable process
      can be prevented by using ammonium or trialkylammonium instead of
      tetraalkylammonium salts in the chromatographic separation. Nucleophilic attack
      on the tetraalkylammonium cations in the energized condensed phase was found to
      occur also for some simpler aromatic compounds.

PMID- 3408827
TI  - Constant neutral loss spectra of small peptides.

PMID- 3408828
TI  - Outpatient lumbar epidural corticosteroid injection in the management of
      sciatica.
AB  - The value of epidural injections of corticosteroid as an outpatient treatment of
      sciatica has been hitherto uncertain. An epidural injection of 80 mg
      methylprednisolone in 10 ml physiological saline was compared with an
      interspinous injection of 2 ml physiological saline in a double blind fashion
      amongst 39 outpatients. Significant differences of pain relief were seen between
      the two groups within 2 weeks. This benefit disappeared for six (35%) patients
      within 6 months of treatment although 11 (65%) successfully treated subjects had
      sustained improvement up to this time. Outpatient epidural injections of
      corticosteroid are thus a useful short-term means of relieving pain in sciatica
      but probably have little effect on the long-term natural history of symptoms.
      Factors associated with a failure to respond to epidural steroid injections are
      discussed.

PMID- 3408829
TI  - Anaemia in patients with arthritis: are simple investigations helpful?
AB  - The level of haemoglobin, serum iron, total iron binding capacity and ferritin
      were measured in patients with rheumatological conditions who were anaemic at the
      time of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. These parameters were similar in
      patients with or without lesions of their upper gastrointestinal tract, and in
      patients with a positive or negative faecal occult blood result. Lesions of the
      upper gastrointestinal tract were not more frequent in patients with a microcytic
      anaemia when compared to those with a normocytic anaemia, nor were they found
      more frequently in patients with a positive faecal occult blood test. Lesions
      visible at upper gastrointestinal endoscopy are not an important cause of
      microcytic anaemia in patients with arthritis. The finding that patients with
      normocytic anaemia are more likely to proceed to lower bowel examination than
      patients with microcytic anaemia is a reflection of the difficulty in
      interpretation of these simple haematological tests and showed they were
      unhelpful in determining which patients warrant investigation of the lower bowel.
      The frequency of further investigation of the lower bowel was significantly
      reduced by a positive endoscopy report, irrespective of the nature of the lesion,
      but was not significantly increased by finding faecal occult blood. We suggest
      that patients with arthritis selected for investigation of possible
      gastrointestinal blood loss should follow an organized plan of investigation that
      includes examination of both upper and lower bowel, and which should proceed
      uninfluenced by pro tem results. Unfortunately the selection of patients for such
      further investigation is hampered by a lack of simple discriminatory tests.

PMID- 3408830
TI  - Bilateral hypoglossal nerve palsy due to vertical subluxation of the odontoid
      process in rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Two patients with rheumatoid arthritis involving the cervical spine developed a
      rapidly progressive dysarthria due to bilateral hypoglossal nerve palsies, in one
      patient as an isolated lesion, and in the other in conjunction with dysfunction
      of the vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves. Both patients showed upward movement of
      the axis, relative to the foramen magnum, which has been termed 'vertical
      subluxation of the odontoid' or 'cranial settling'. Mechanical injury to the
      nerves, secondary to this process, is the most likely mechanism.

PMID- 3408831
TI  - Carotid sinus hypersensitivity and complete heart block in Reiter's syndrome.
AB  - We describe a 42-year-old man with Reiter's syndrome who developed complete heart
      block only 5 weeks after the onset of his illness. He was also noted to have
      carotid sinus hypersensitivity and evidence of sinoatrial disease. There were no
      clinical signs or echocardiographic findings to suggest involvement of the aortic
      root or aortic valve. His arrhythmias were treated successfully with a
      physiological pacemaker. The combination of sinoatrial and atrioventricular node
      disease suggests that the inflammatory process in Reiter's syndrome can produce
      widespread involvement of the conducting system.

PMID- 3408832
TI  - Prolactin secretion in rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 3408833
TI  - New consultant's workshop in rheumatology.

PMID- 3408834
TI  - The 'questionnaire' versus the 'direct observation' approach to functional
      assessment.

PMID- 3408835
TI  - The role of a rheumatologist.

PMID- 3408836
TI  - Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis misdiagnosed as ankylosing spondylitis.

PMID- 3408837
TI  - The genetics of osteoarthritis of the hand.

PMID- 3408838
TI  - Vitamin A in osteo- and rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 3408839
TI  - Synovial fluid crystals.

PMID- 3408840
TI  - Anterior chest wall deformities associated with juvenile onset of a chronic
      arthritis.

PMID- 3408841
TI  - Haemophilia and rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 3408842
TI  - Rheumatology in general practice.

PMID- 3408844
TI  - Proximal humeral defects in Gaucher's disease.
AB  - Defects in the medial aspect of the proximal humeral metaphysis of two patients
      with Gaucher's disease are reported and their aetiology discussed. Similar
      cortical irregularities have been described as a normal variant in children and
      their presence in patients with an infiltrative disorder suggested as being
      coincidental. The two reported cases indicate that there is a causal association
      in Gaucher's disease since the defect persisted post-skeletal maturity in one
      case and progressed to bilateral pathological fractures of the proximal humeri in
      the other case. A review of the radiographs of 50 patients, pre-skeletal
      maturity, presenting with idiopathic scoliosis revealed a defect of the proximal
      humeral metaphysis in only one case, to give an estimated incidence of this
      anomaly in the "normal" population of 2%. It is suggested that the presence of
      this defect is non-specific with a spectrum of occurrence from the normal variant
      to the clearly pathological. The presence, however, of subtle abnormalities in
      the underlying bone tend to indicate a pathological entity.

PMID- 3408843
TI  - The value of thoracic computed tomography in the detection of recurrent Hodgkin's
      disease.
AB  - Fifty chest radiographs and concurrent thoracic computed tomography (CT) scans
      obtained in a total of 44 patients with 50 separate episodes of suspected
      recurrent Hodgkin's disease were reviewed. Recurrent disease was present in 18
      episodes, involving the mediastinum in 12, the lung parenchyma in five and both
      mediastinum and lung parenchyma in one. In four episodes, mediastinal recurrence
      was demonstrated on both the chest radiograph and CT scan. In a further two
      cases, the chest radiograph appeared normal but CT detected recurrence in the
      mediastinum. In 20 cases, the mediastinal appearances on chest radiography were
      suspicious but not diagnostic of recurrence, usually because of previous
      radiotherapy resulting in residual mediastinal widening. Computed tomography
      diagnosed recurrent disease which was subsequently proven in seven of these
      cases. Recurrent disease was suggested by CT in a further case, subsequently
      shown to be radiation fibrosis. Of the 12 remaining chest radiographs in which
      the mediastinal assessment was indeterminate, CT was true negative for recurrent
      disease in 10 cases and was also indeterminate in two. Recurrent disease in the
      lung parenchyma was demonstrated on the chest radiograph and CT scan on five
      occasions. There was one incident in which the chest radiograph was normal but CT
      detected recurrent parenchymal disease. The appearances of the lung parenchyma
      were indeterminate for recurrent disease on three chest radiographs but CT was
      helpful in only one case in which radiation change alone was diagnosed. In eight
      cases the diagnosis of recurrent disease by CT resulted in a decision to initiate
      treatment. Computed tomography is of value in detecting relapse in patients with
      suspected recurrent Hodgkin's disease when the chest radiograph is inconclusive,
      and may enable differentiation of radiation change from recurrent disease in the
      mediastinum.

PMID- 3408845
TI  - A potential pitfall of pelvic computed tomography.
AB  - The cross-sectional areas of the common iliac veins were measured by pelvic
      computed tomography (CT) in 51 patients. The left common iliac vein was
      significantly larger than the right (p less than 0.01) and in 35% of patients
      there was at least a two-fold difference between the cross-sectional areas of the
      veins. Recognition of this normal asymmetry is important when interpreting pelvic
      CT scans. It is thought to be due to the oblique course of the left common iliac
      vein and to partial obstruction of the left common iliac vein by the right common
      iliac artery.

PMID- 3408846
TI  - Comparison of the image quality of intravenous urograms using low-osmolar
      contrast media.
AB  - Almost equivalent, intravenous iodine doses of the three new low-osmolar contrast
      media, ioxaglate (Hexabrix), iopamidol (Niopam) and iohexol (Omnipaque) have been
      compared for image quality on the intravenous urogram. Generally good
      radiographic images were obtained. Iohexol gave better results for the nephrogram
      and pelvicalyceal distension compared with the other contrast media, but only the
      nephrogram results were statistically significant. Pyelographic density and
      ureteric distension and density were similar with all three contrast media. In
      patients where low-osmolality contrast media need to be used for intravenous
      urography, we suggest that iohexol gives the best radiographic images. Other
      factors, such as cost and the relative incidence of side-effects of the low
      osmolar contrast media also need to be taken into consideration.

PMID- 3408848
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging of the mini-pig heart: the effect of gadolinium-DTPA
      on normal myocardium.
AB  - The effect of gadolinium-diethylene-triamine-penta-acetic acid (Gd-DTPA) on
      normal, mini-pig myocardium was investigated with magnetic resonance imaging.
      Results indicate that intravenous administration of Gd-DTPA produces a
      significant enhancement of mini-pig myocardial signal intensity, which in all
      cases was maintained in excess of 50 min. No significant enhancement was
      demonstrated in skeletal muscle.

PMID- 3408847
TI  - Quality of urograms in infants: a comparison of sodium diatrizoate, metrizamide
      and iohexol.
AB  - A consecutive series of 314 intravenous urograms performed in infants were
      reviewed and assessed for quality. The first 106 examinations were performed
      using sodium diatrizoate (Hypaque 270) as the contrast medium, the next 98
      patients received metrizamide (Amipaque 280) and the final 110 received iohexol
      (Omnipaque 300). Thirty-five patients had to be excluded from the study for a
      variety of reasons, after which there were totals of 98 in the diatrizoate, 90 in
      the metrizamide and 91 in the iohexol groups. Assessing quality in terms of
      nephrographic and pyelographic density, sodium diatrizoate was found to be better
      than the non-ionic agents. Although the differences reached statistical
      significance they are small and unlikely to affect the information obtained in
      clinical practice. There was no difference in overall quality between metrizamide
      and iohexol. Comparing the degree of pyelographic distension and ureteric
      visualization using the three agents, no difference was found between the groups.

PMID- 3408849
TI  - Erbium filtration for dose reduction in dental radiography.
AB  - Previous work has suggested that rare-earth filtration of diagnostic X rays is an
      effective means of dose reduction in radiology. Erbium (atomic number 68) is
      particularly promising in this respect. The effects on the X-ray beam and surface
      dose of the addition of 0.1 mm of erbium foil to the conventional filtration of a
      GE1000 dental X-ray set were investigated. Filtration by 0.1 mm of erbium
      produced a beam of narrower spectrum, greater penetration but lower intensity
      than that filtered conventionally by aluminium alone. The overall dose reduction
      achieved in dental radiography was greater than 30% between 65 and 85 kVp with a
      maximum dose reduction of 42% at 65 kVp. The question of the cost-effectiveness
      of erbium filtration as a radiation protection measure is also addressed.

PMID- 3408850
TI  - A novel X-ray transmission ionization chamber dosemeter for patient dose
      measurements in diagnostic radiology.
AB  - This paper describes an X-ray transmission ionization chamber diagnostic
      dosemeter for patient dose measurements and control. The chamber uses a
      commercially available radiofrequency screen as the wall material in a parallel
      plate configuration. A digital varactor bridge electrometer serves to measure air
      kerma times area of fluoroscopic and radiographic beams. Detailed investigations
      on the characteristics of the chamber such as saturation, sensitivity, energy
      dependence (50-150 kV), response versus radiation field area, uniformity of
      response of the chamber, effects of distance and long-term stability have been
      carried out. The results demonstrate that the chamber meets all the requirements
      and can measure the incident patient dose with an overall uncertainty of +/- 11%.
      The chamber can be either mounted on the housing of the light beam diaphragm of
      the X-ray unit or used as a stand-alone system along with an image-intensifier TV
      monitor. It is inexpensive to build and is recommended particularly for hospitals
      in developing countries.

PMID- 3408851
TI  - Magnetic resonance image synthesis from an interleaved saturation
      recovery/inversion recovery sequence.
AB  - An interleaved saturation recovery/inversion recovery (SR/IR) pulse sequence
      allows the sign of the IR signal to be retained even if images are formed from
      the magnitude of the two-dimensional complex Fourier transforms of the raw data.
      Synthesis of images by a linear combination of SR and signed IR pixel values has
      proved a valuable method of relaxation time (T1) contrast manipulation without
      the need to re-image the slice. Linear combination has also allowed IR images
      with a wide range of time-to-inversion (TI) values to be synthesized from an
      SR/IR pair obtained with TI = 200 ms and time-to-recovery (TR) = 1000 ms, thus
      avoiding the need for computationally intensive calculations based on complicated
      relaxation equations.

PMID- 3408853
TI  - A radiographic test object for the LDR Selectron remote afterloading system.

PMID- 3408852
TI  - Bone mineral content in normal UK subjects.
AB  - Bone mineral content in the lumbar vertebrae and in the shaft of the left radius
      has been measured in 129 normal British subjects using quantitative computed
      tomography and single-photon absorptiometry. Significant negative correlations
      between bone mineral content and age were found at both sites in males and
      females (p less than 0.001 in all cases). When expressed in g/cm the bone mineral
      content in the radial shaft showed significant positive correlations with body
      height and weight in both sexes, but after correction for bone size only a weak
      correlation with body height in males was found. Spinal trabecular bone mineral
      content showed no significant correlations with body height or weight in either
      sex. Comparison of the values obtained with normal data from centres in the USA
      revealed lower mean values for both radial and spinal bone mineral content in the
      British subjects. These differences emphasize the importance of using locally
      derived normal data for comparison with values obtained from patients.

PMID- 3408854
TI  - A simple skin marker for magnetic resonance imaging.

PMID- 3408855
TI  - Patient absorbed dose for the Philips Tomoscan 350 CT scanner: a repeat study.

PMID- 3408856
TI  - Fibrovascular polyp of the oesophagus: the appearances on computed tomography.

PMID- 3408857
TI  - Dislocation of the manubriosternal joint: detection on frontal chest radiographs.

PMID- 3408858
TI  - Case of the month. Cause for collapse.

PMID- 3408860
TI  - Personnel dosimetry--an unusual occurrence.

PMID- 3408859
TI  - Liver and spleen scans in systemic mast-cell disease.

PMID- 3408862
TI  - The value of the pre-clinic intravenous urogram in the earlier diagnosis of the
      cause of haematuria.
AB  - The early treatment of patients with bladder cancer reduces mortality. By
      arranging a pre-clinic intravenous urogram we reduced the time from receipt of
      the General Practitioner's referral letter to making a diagnosis from 85 to 67
      days and saved on clinic time and resources. A further reduction to 52 days was
      made by not using any out-patient time at all. Significant saving of time and
      resources is possible without any disadvantage to the patient.

PMID- 3408861
TI  - Contrast medium reactions--does Buscopan reduce them?

PMID- 3408863
TI  - Primary choice of intervention for distal ureteric stone: ureteroscopy or ESWL?
AB  - Either transurethral ureteroscopy (URS) or extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy
      (ESWL) was the primary method of intervention in two series of patients
      presenting consecutively with stones located in the ureter distal to the
      radiological marking of the sacroiliac joint. Of 65 patients treated by URS,
      successful evacuation of the major part of the stone was achieved in 97% in one
      or two sessions. Of those subsequently attending for review, 93% proved stone
      free but 3% required surgery for serious complications. In the ESWL series of 53
      patients, successful stone fragmentation was recorded in 94%, with 2 patients
      requiring a supplementary endourological or surgical procedure. No significant
      complications were related to ESWL and 90% of those followed up after successful
      ESWL proved stone-free at 6 weeks. In uncomplicated cases, the mean procedure
      time for ESWL was one-third of that required for URS and the hospital stay one
      half. It is suggested that ESWL should be the primary method of intervention in
      patients with distal ureteric stone, with URS reserved for the small number that
      prove refractory to such treatment.

PMID- 3408864
TI  - The evolution of a biodegradable membrane for use in urological surgery. A
      summary of 109 in vivo experiments.
AB  - The evolution of a collagen/vicryl composite membrane designed as a prosthetic
      material for use in urinary tract surgery is described. The early experiments in
      which collagen film alone was used to repair experimental ureterotomies are
      reviewed together with our first experiments with the collagen/vicryl prosthesis
      in the repair of partial nephrectomies and of full thickness defects created in
      the urinary bladder of experimental rabbits. These early results led to the
      preparation of a composite using a more highly purified collagen and employing a
      method of sterilisation (gamma irradiation) which would be acceptable for regular
      use in medical products. The results of a further series of partial nephrectomy
      and full thickness bladder repairs show that irradiation does not compromise the
      efficacy of the collagen/vicryl composite in vivo.

PMID- 3408865
TI  - Transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder in a young man. A multidisciplinary
      approach.
AB  - A multidisciplinary diagnostic approach to a case of bladder carcinoma in a 19
      year-old male smoker is presented. The transitional cell carcinoma was submitted
      to conventional histological examination, flow cytometry and cytogenetic
      analysis. Serum and urine tumour markers were also investigated. The tumour was
      diploid, with an increased proliferative phase, and a chromosome marker was
      found. A net decrease in serum and urine ferritin concentrations was noted after
      transurethral resection of the neoplasm and its low malignancy was confirmed at
      follow-up.

PMID- 3408866
TI  - Teflon injection in female stress incontinence. Effect on urethral pressure
      profile and flow rate.
AB  - Thirty-six females with genuine stress incontinence (GSI) were treated by bladder
      neck teflon injection. Urethral pressure profilometry (UPP) and uroflowmetry were
      performed both pre- and post-operatively on 18 patients. In 24 patients who were
      either completely cured or improved by this procedure, the mean urine flow rate
      was reduced by 23% and the mean functional profile length increased by 9%
      compared with pre-operative values. Although these findings appear to explain the
      mechanism by which teflon improves continence, these differences were not
      statistically significant. Fourteen of the 18 patients who had not responded to
      previous anti-incontinence procedures were successfully treated by teflon
      injection. The improved response rate in these patients was not statistically
      significant. It was not possible to predict with certainty those patients most
      likely to respond to teflon injection. However, in women with normal or near
      normal pelvic floor anatomy the procedure had an acceptable success rate. In view
      of the simplicity, lack of morbidity and the ease with which it can be performed
      and repeated, bladder neck teflon injection deserves consideration as an
      alternative, particularly where open surgery has failed.

PMID- 3408867
TI  - Infrequency of primary hyperparathyroidism in renal stone formers.
AB  - Repeated measurements of serum calcium and immunoreactive parathyroid hormone
      were performed in 1433 renal stone formers systematically referred from Accident
      and Emergency Departments and from Departments of Urology and Nephrology,
      irrespective of their serum calcium. Primary hyperparathyroidism was found in 23
      patients and confirmed in 19/20 patients who underwent neck surgery, including 8
      with intermittent hypercalcaemia. Our data suggest that when selection bias is
      minimised, primary hyperparathyroidism is found in about 2% of renal stone
      formers in a western country such as Belgium.

PMID- 3408868
TI  - Treatment of persistent enuresis. Results of severing a tight filum terminale.
AB  - A tight filum terminale was severed in an attempt to treat intractable enuresis
      in 27 children. Urodynamic studies demonstrated pre-operative bladder instability
      in all cases. Although symptom scores for enuresis improved significantly 6
      months after surgery, only 7 patients benefited clinically (3 were cured and
      enuresis was reduced in 4). An average of 26 months later, 12 patients were
      either dry or their enuresis was reduced, probably due to spontaneous cure rather
      than surgery. We found no clinical parameters able to predict a favourable
      outcome. It was concluded that although a tight filum terminale is a cause of
      intractable enuresis, transection of the filum is not recommended because of the
      low success rate.

PMID- 3408869
TI  - Peripheral neurology as a predictor of bladder dysfunction in congenital
      neuropathic bladder.
AB  - Urodynamic findings and peripheral neurology were correlated in 62 patients with
      myelomeningocele. The primary motor and sensory levels bore no relation to
      bladder dysfunction. The ano-cutaneous reflex was a useful predictor, in that
      where the reflex was positive there was likely to be detrusor hyper-reflexia, a
      competent bladder neck and absence of sphincter weakness leakage. Where the
      reflex was absent, detrusor hyper-reflexia was absent or mild, the bladder neck
      usually incompetent and sphincter weakness leakage common. (Detrusor compliance
      could not be predicted from peripheral neurological findings). We consider the
      ano-cutaneous reflex to be a useful indication of bladder dysfunction and
      urodynamic studies are often unnecessary when it is positive.

PMID- 3408870
TI  - Long-term outcome of boys with posterior urethral valves.
AB  - One hundred and fourteen boys with posterior urethral valves were treated between
      1966 and 1975. Four died during the first hospital admission, 6 died from renal
      failure during childhood, 1 died from other causes and 15 were lost to follow-up.
      Eighty-eight were reviewed 11 to 22 years after diagnosis and the renal outcome
      of 98 patients is therefore known. Approximately one-third of patients presented
      under 1 month of age, between 1 month and 1 year, and over 1 year respectively.
      Bilateral vesicoureteric reflux was observed in one-quarter of the boys, more
      frequently in those presenting in the first month of life. Half of the patients
      were treated by primary valve ablation and half underwent temporary upper tract
      diversion: the outcome was worse for the diverted group. One-third of the boys
      had a long-term bad outcome for renal function. This outcome was associated with
      early presentation, bilateral vesicoureteric reflux and day-time urinary
      incontinence after the age of 5 years. The association of bad outcome with
      incontinence points to continuing bladder dysfunction as a major determinant of
      long-term outcome for renal function.

PMID- 3408871
TI  - The effect of testicular torsion on the contralateral testis and the value of
      various types of treatment.
AB  - In an attempt to investigate the effect of testicular torsion and various forms
      of treatment on the contralateral testis, an experimental study on rats was
      undertaken. The first group comprised control animals. In the second group the
      left testes were twisted 720 degrees and the right testes were removed 4 weeks
      later for histopathological examination. In the third group the rats were
      subjected to a left detorsion procedure 24 h after torsion, while in the fourth
      group cortisone treatment was added to the above procedure. The fifth group
      consisted of rats which had undergone left orchiectomy 24 h after torsion and the
      sixth group had cortisone treatment plus orchiectomy after torsion. Cortisone
      treatment was started 24 h after testicular torsion and continued for 4 weeks.
      Histopathological examination of the contralateral testes which were removed 4
      weeks later showed that either orchiectomy plus cortisone or detorsion plus
      cortisone was more successful than other forms of treatment.

PMID- 3408872
TI  - Candida pyelonephritis complicated by fungaemia in obstructive uropathy.
AB  - Fungal pyelonephritis caused by Candida species and Torulopsis without evidence
      of systemic organ involvement is uncommon. Most reported cases have been in
      diabetic females or in patients on immunosuppressive drugs. We report 3 cases of
      elderly men who had fungal pyelonephritis presumed secondary to obstructive
      uropathy. All subsequently developed fungaemia. Two were managed successfully
      with percutaneous or ureteric stents and systemic antifungal therapy; the third
      died despite systemic amphotericin B.

PMID- 3408873
TI  - The relevance of Chlamydia trachomatis in acute epididymitis in young men.
AB  - Young men presenting to a General Surgical Unit with acute epididymitis underwent
      microbiological investigation, including culture for Chlamydia trachomatis. The
      results were compared with similar investigations in an asymptomatic control
      population and with patients presenting to the Department of Genito-urinary
      Medicine with urethral discharge. Chlamydia trachomatis was cultured from 15% of
      patients with acute epididymitis and a further 15% had serological evidence of
      exposure to Chlamydia. Nearly 50% of patients attending the Genito-urinary clinic
      grew Chlamydia from the urethra. The background prevalence of Chlamydia in the
      control population was low. It is necessary to identify the significant minority
      of young men with acute epididymitis associated with chlamydial infection,
      because of the risk of pelvic inflammation and infertility in their female
      partners. At present this can only be achieved by submitting all young men with
      acute epididymitis to full microbiological investigation.

PMID- 3408874
TI  - The frequency of Chlamydia trachomatis in acute epididymitis.
AB  - Twenty-five patients with bacteriologically proven epididymitis were studied
      between 1984 and 1986. Thirteen were less than 35 years old and in 11 of them
      Chlamydia trachomatis was isolated; of the 2 remaining patients Escherichia coli
      was found in 1 and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the other. In patients more than 35
      years old, gram negative bacteria were the cause of infection in 10 and only 1
      case was attributable to Chlamydia trachomatis. These results suggest that
      Chlamydia trachomatis is much more frequent in men under the age of 35 and the
      difference is statistically significant.

PMID- 3408875
TI  - Seminal analysis after orchiectomy in stage I teratoma.
AB  - Seminal analysis was performed within 2 months of orchiectomy on 97 patients with
      clinical Stage I malignant testicular teratoma managed by surveillance following
      orchiectomy. Relapse of malignant disease occurred in 28% of 47 patients with a
      sperm count less than 10 X 10(6)/ml and in 32% of 50 patients with a sperm count
      greater than or equal to 10 X 10(6)/ml. Of 11 patients with azoospermia, 4
      relapsed and 1 developed contralateral testicular germ cell tumour. Of 35
      patients with malignant teratoma undifferentiated the relapse rate was 68% in 16
      patients with a sperm count less than 10 X 10(6)/ml and 42% in 19 patients with a
      sperm count greater than or equal to 10 X 10(6)/ml. It was concluded that sperm
      count analysis is non-contributory in estimating the risk of relapse in clinical
      Stage I teratoma.

PMID- 3408877
TI  - Giant congenital hydronephrosis with fatal thromboembolic complication in an
      adult.

PMID- 3408876
TI  - Low sperm counts as a prognostic factor of progression in stage I non
      seminomatous germ cell testicular tumours.
AB  - The prognostic factors of disease progression were studied in a prospective study
      in patients with Stage I non-seminomatous testicular tumours. Patients received
      no treatment after orchiectomy until progression of disease was confirmed. The
      results showed a good correlation between sperm counts in semen collected around
      the time of orchiectomy and progression of disease. While progression of disease
      occurred in 9 of the 20 patients with sperm counts lower than 10 X 10(6)/ml, it
      was not found in any of the patients with a sperm count exceeding 10 X 10(6)/ml.

PMID- 3408878
TI  - Coexisting renal carcinoma and primary hyperparathyroidism.

PMID- 3408879
TI  - Malignant angiomyolipoma of the kidney associated with hypercalcaemia.

PMID- 3408880
TI  - Post-menopausal ureteric endometriosis.

PMID- 3408881
TI  - Cystic lymphangiomata of the adrenal gland.

PMID- 3408882
TI  - Bulbocavernosus reflex latency in the investigation of diabetic impotence.

PMID- 3408883
TI  - Percutaneous nephrolithotomy in horseshoe kidneys. Applied anatomy and clinical
      experience.
AB  - The arterial supply of horseshoe kidneys was studied in 6 anatomical specimens to
      establish whether there is a risk of haemorrhage when performing percutaneous
      nephrolithotomy. The anatomy of the collecting system was studied on patients' X
      rays, taken in different planes to obtain a three-dimensional view. It was found
      that there is no increased risk of arterial bleeding in horseshoe kidneys
      compared with normal kidneys. The orientation of the collecting system offers
      good access. Eight patients with horseshoe kidneys and 1 with a malrotated kidney
      were treated with percutaneous nephrolithotomy because of solitary or multiple
      renal pelvic and caliceal stones and 1 ureteric stone. Four patients had had
      previous operations for calculi. All of the stones were removed without
      complications.

PMID- 3408884
TI  - Cranial blind-ending branch of a bifid ureter. Report of 3 cases.
AB  - Three cases of cranial blind-ending branches of bifid ureters are presented, all
      occurring in women. None was associated with complications requiring surgery,
      suggesting that they were of little clinical significance in these patients. The
      anomaly was best shown with oblique views at intravenous urography.

PMID- 3408885
TI  - Clinical significance of ureteric diameter on intravenous urography after spinal
      cord injury.
AB  - The ureteric diameter on IVU was compared with the MCU findings of reflux or
      lower urinary tract dysfunction in a group of patients followed up after spinal
      cord injury. A wide ureter was associated with reflux in 20%, but 8 normal sized
      ureters on IVU also refluxed--5 of them to a significant degree. In the non
      refluxing group, wide ureters were noted more often in patients whose bladder
      pressures were high and wildly fluctuating than in those with normal bladder
      pressures. Similarly, the incidence of reflux was higher in patients with high
      bladder pressures and wild fluctuations of bladder pressure than in those with
      normal pressures. While a wide ureter on IVU should arouse suspicion that reflux
      or lower urinary tract dysfunction might be present, these conditions are not
      necessarily excluded by the finding of a ureter of normal size.

PMID- 3408886
TI  - Electrohydraulic lithotripsy of bladder stones. A Hong Kong experience.
AB  - Forty transurethral electrohydraulic lithotripsy procedures for bladder stones
      have been done. The rigid cystoscope was adequate in most cases but the rigid
      nephroscope was advantageous in large stones because of its larger bore and range
      of accessories. Use of the flexible cystoscope for stone extraction was difficult
      but it could be used with a few friable stones of less than 1 cm or for follow
      up.

PMID- 3408887
TI  - Diagnostic efficacy of the combination of urine cytology, urine analysis and
      history in the follow-up of bladder carcinoma.
AB  - In the follow-up of low stage, low grade transitional cell carcinoma of the
      bladder, cystoscopy is used as a diagnostic standard. Because of the lack of well
      defined prognostic parameters, cystoscopic follow-up is based upon empirical
      grounds. In this study, 82 patients with a primary superficial transitional cell
      carcinoma of the bladder were studied with respect to the time interval before
      recurrence. The mean number of cystoscopies leading to detection of recurrence
      (i.e. the ratio of positive to negative cystoscopy) was reviewed. Eighteen
      cystoscopies had to be done to detect each recurrence. Because of this excessive
      number of cystoscopies, the diagnostic value of the combination of red cell count
      in urine, cytology and history of micturition symptoms and haematuria was
      assessed in a retrospective study of 86 recurrences of bladder carcinoma. The
      results indicated that the combination of these non-invasive diagnostic tests may
      constitute a sensitive procedure for the follow-up of bladder tumours. In the
      case of T1G3 and muscle-invasive recurrences (greater than T1), the sensitivity
      rate was 100%.

PMID- 3408888
TI  - Long-term follow-up of unilateral bladder neck incision.
AB  - Sixty-four patients who underwent unilateral bladder neck incision (BNI) between
      1980 and 1983 were reviewed. In 53 cases the flow rates showed no significant
      change from immediate post-operative values. All patients were interviewed or
      completed a questionnaire which demonstrated that 87% were satisfied with the
      long-term outcome of surgery. The incidence of repeat bladder neck incision or
      transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) compared well with the incidence
      reported in other studies, as did the recorded incidence of retrograde
      ejaculation at 16%, although 52.5% of patients noted a reduction in the volume of
      ejaculate.

PMID- 3408889
TI  - Prolonged erections following intracorporeal injection of medications to overcome
      impotence.
AB  - We describe the management of 17 men who developed prolonged erections following
      the intracorporeal injection of vasoactive drugs (e.g. papaverine) for the
      treatment of erectile dysfunction. Twelve men who had psychogenic impotence
      developed prolonged erections following injection compared with 5 who had an
      organic aetiology. The aspiration of 20 to 50 ml of blood from the penis together
      with the intracorporeal injection of 1 to 2 mg metaraminol is an effective
      treatment of this complication.

PMID- 3408891
TI  - Bilateral ureteric obstruction: an unusual late complication of ruptured ectopic
      pregnancy.

PMID- 3408890
TI  - Saline-induced artificial erection without papaverine: a potential source of
      error in diagnosing cavernosal venous leakage.
AB  - The diagnosis of venous leakage as a cause of impotence, based on failure to
      induce an artificial erection by means of rapid saline infusion alone, may be
      invalid. Our recent experience with 2 men whose impotence was subsequently found
      to be psychogenic in nature suggests that saline erection cavernosometry should
      routinely incorporate the intracavernosal administration of papaverine, in order
      to avoid a falsely positive diagnosis of venous leakage.

PMID- 3408892
TI  - Anterior urethral polyps.

PMID- 3408893
TI  - Thoracic renal ectopia.

PMID- 3408894
TI  - Epididymo-vasitis associated with previous reversal of sterilisation.

PMID- 3408895
TI  - Diphallus in an adult.

PMID- 3408896
TI  - Pneumonephrosis due to a fallopian tube/ureteric fistula.

PMID- 3408897
TI  - Medullary sponge kidney and congenital hemi-hypertrophy.

PMID- 3408899
TI  - Simultaneous bilateral renal surgery in children.

PMID- 3408898
TI  - Modified single-stage hypospadias repair using double-island preputial skin tube.

PMID- 3408900
TI  - re Quantitative study of phenol as a neurolytic agent in the urinary bladder.

PMID- 3408901
TI  - NHS 1948-88: less ideology, more humanity.

PMID- 3408902
TI  - Risk of cervical cancer associated with mild dyskaryosis.
AB  - In a survey of 1781 patients who had mild dyskaryosis in a cervical smear taken
      between 1965 and 1984 invasive cancer occurred in 10 women. In four cancer was
      diagnosed soon after presentation, and in three it developed some years after
      default from follow up. Invasion occurred in one patient during cytological
      surveillance and in a further two after referral for colposcopic supervision. A
      poor correlation was found between a single cervical smear showing mild
      dyskaryosis and biopsy results. This was, however, improved by a series of
      smears. During initial surveillance cervical smear results reverted to normal in
      46% of our patients within two years. During longer term follow up none of these
      patients developed invasive cancer, and life table analysis showed that three
      quarters had not relapsed after 14 years. We also found no evidence to suggest
      that preinvasive disease is more rapidly progressive in younger women. Our
      results indicate that cytological surveillance is acceptably safe provided that
      biopsy is advised if dyskaryosis persists.

PMID- 3408903
TI  - Deep venous thrombosis: a continuing problem.

PMID- 3408904
TI  - Delayed communication between hospitals and general practitioners: where does the
      problem lie?

PMID- 3408905
TI  - Colposcopy in teenagers.

PMID- 3408906
TI  - Life sustaining technologies and the elderly.

PMID- 3408907
TI  - Does low entry of cystic duct predispose to stones in the common bile duct?

PMID- 3408908
TI  - Amiodarone and thyroid autoimmunity in the United Kingdom.

PMID- 3408909
TI  - Control of infection in general practice: a survey and recommendations.
AB  - Twenty general practices in four areas in Britain were surveyed to establish
      their needs for and practices of sterilising and disinfecting equipment. Of the
      327 items of equipment and instruments examined in the survey, 190 were
      satisfactorily decontaminated, 100 were treated in a way judged to result in
      doubtful decontamination, and in 37 cases treatment was considered
      unsatisfactory. Decontamination apparatuses (autoclaves, hot air ovens, and hot
      water disinfectors) were generally in good working order, but the use of chemical
      disinfectants was often inappropriate. Recommendations were made on appropriate
      methods of decontamination for various items in common use in general practice.
      By virtue of the large numbers of patients treated by general practitioners there
      is a substantial possibility of transmitting infection; having appropriate
      methods for decontaminating instruments and equipment is therefore imperative.

PMID- 3408910
TI  - Microdiscectomy for treating lumbar disc protrusion.

PMID- 3408911
TI  - Minor degrees of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

PMID- 3408912
TI  - Proteinuria in patients with malignancies.

PMID- 3408913
TI  - Public health in London.

PMID- 3408915
TI  - Confidence intervals.

PMID- 3408914
TI  - Meningococcal septicaemia.

PMID- 3408917
TI  - Disciplining doctors.

PMID- 3408916
TI  - Sunbed lentigines.

PMID- 3408918
TI  - Abdominal pain and disorder of coagulation.

PMID- 3408919
TI  - Surgical closure of the back lesion in open neural tube defects.

PMID- 3408920
TI  - Organs for transplantation.

PMID- 3408921
TI  - Drug and alcohol misuse in pregnancy.

PMID- 3408923
TI  - Gastric lavage.

PMID- 3408922
TI  - AIDS: a bill of rights for the surgical team.

PMID- 3408924
TI  - Respiratory illness and home environment of ethnic groups.

PMID- 3408925
TI  - Risk factors for ischaemic brain infarction.

PMID- 3408926
TI  - A new tool in the fight against AIDS?

PMID- 3408927
TI  - Prisoners and HIV.

PMID- 3408928
TI  - Poor sulphoxidation ability in patients with food sensitivity.
AB  - Patients with well defined reactions to foods were examined for their ability to
      carry out both sulphur and carbon oxidation reactions by using carbocisteine and
      debrisoquine as probe compounds. The proportion of poor sulphoxidisers (58 of 74)
      was significantly greater than that of a previously determined normal control
      population (67 of 200; p less than 0.005). The proportion of poor carbon
      oxidisers was not significantly different from the controls. Metabolic defects
      may play a part in the pathogenesis of adverse reactions to foods.

PMID- 3408929
TI  - Obstetric importance, diagnosis, and management of fetal tachycardias.
AB  - During 1980-7, 23 pregnancies of 22-38 weeks' duration were investigated for
      fetal tachycardia. Twelve were cases of supraventricular tachycardia, eight of
      atrial flutter, and three cases in which the rhythm varied between
      supraventricular tachycardia and atrial flutter. In 11 cases the fetus had
      developed non-immune fetal hydrops before referral; 12 cases were non-hydropic at
      referral but one of this group of fetuses became hydropic during treatment. No
      relation was found between the rate or type of arrhythmia and the presence or
      absence of intrauterine heart failure. One non-hydropic infant was delivered
      electively prematurely. Maternal antiarrhythmic treatment was instituted in the
      remaining 22 cases. Conversion of the arrhythmia was achieved with digoxin alone
      in five cases and with a combination of digoxin and verapamil in nine. Control of
      the arrhythmia was achieved in seven of the 10 non-hydropic fetuses, and all were
      delivered at term with no deaths. Of the 12 hydropic fetuses, control was
      achieved in seven. Only three of the hydropic fetuses were delivered close to
      term. There were two deaths, both in the hydropic group. Of the whole group, five
      neonates suffered severe complications of prematurity. In this series the main
      benefit of treatment appeared to be in prolonging gestation of those hydropic
      fetuses in which conversion was achieved.

PMID- 3408930
TI  - Injuries caused by handcuffs.

PMID- 3408931
TI  - Employment outside the NHS of doctors registered in the United Kingdom.

PMID- 3408932
TI  - The MD and MS degrees in Britain.
AB  - Higher medical degrees--MD and MS--have been awarded at an increased rate since
      1980, owing partly to increased numbers of medical graduates and partly to
      greater career competition. The pass rate has not changed since 1965. Regulations
      at various universities show substantial differences, particularly in the use of
      viva voce examinations for failed candidates, in permissible subject matter, and
      in allowing the submission of previously published papers. As these degrees are
      important for careers, and are registrable by the General Medical Council, it is
      suggested that it should issue minimal standards to be observed by all
      universities.

PMID- 3408933
TI  - Letter from Bombay. An unmitigated tragedy.

PMID- 3408935
TI  - Words.

PMID- 3408936
TI  - Euthanasia.

PMID- 3408934
TI  - How to set up a coronary rehabilitation programme.

PMID- 3408937
TI  - Outpatient consultations.

PMID- 3408938
TI  - Funding and patient care in Scotland.

PMID- 3408939
TI  - Diuretics in the elderly.

PMID- 3408940
TI  - Intravenous volume replacement.

PMID- 3408941
TI  - Vocational training in general practice.

PMID- 3408942
TI  - Low birth weight and hypertension.

PMID- 3408944
TI  - Restraining infants in cars.

PMID- 3408943
TI  - Low dose heparin and cesarean section.

PMID- 3408945
TI  - Psychiatric illness among British Afro-Caribbeans.

PMID- 3408947
TI  - It is not one of "them"; it is one of all of us.

PMID- 3408946
TI  - Penicillamine nephropathy.

PMID- 3408948
TI  - Primary health care for the single homeless.

PMID- 3408949
TI  - Implications of the Cleveland inquiry.

PMID- 3408950
TI  - Screening for neuroblastoma.

PMID- 3408951
TI  - Radiation and mental retardation.

PMID- 3408953
TI  - New advertisers to take on AIDS.

PMID- 3408952
TI  - Testing overseas doctors.

PMID- 3408954
TI  - HIV testing: BMA consensus reached.

PMID- 3408955
TI  - Predictors of completed suicide in a cohort of 50,465 young men: role of
      personality and deviant behaviour.
AB  - Suicide seems to be increasing in young people in various countries and causes
      the greatest loss of years of life under the age of 65 in the Swedish population.
      Data from a national survey of 50,465 conscripts in Sweden were used in a
      prospective follow up study to assess personality and behavioural predictors of
      suicide in young men. Altogether 247 completed suicides occurred in the cohort
      during 13 years' follow up. Baseline data on social conditions, psychological
      assessments, and psychiatric diagnoses of the conscripts were entered into a Cox
      regression model with suicide as the outcome variable. Several early indicators
      of antisocial personality (poor emotional control, contact with a child welfare
      authority or the police, and lack of friends) were strongly predictive of
      suicide. None of the few conscripts who had a diagnosis of schizophrenia or
      affective psychosis committed suicide. A diagnosis of neurosis was associated
      with a twofold increase in the suicide rate and personality disorder with a
      threefold increase. Although the risk of suicide is difficult to assess in an
      unselected population owing to the low base rate of suicide, the predictors
      identified in the study may help to identify those at high risk in units where
      people with deviant behaviour and personality disorders cluster.

PMID- 3408956
TI  - Thromboses and thromboemboli in patients with lymphoma during cytotoxic
      chemotherapy.

PMID- 3408957
TI  - Obesity and postoperative complications of abdominal operation.

PMID- 3408958
TI  - AIDS and the general practitioner: views of patients with HIV infection and AIDS.
AB  - An unselected series of outpatients infected with the human immunodeficiency
      virus (HIV) who attended two London hospitals were interviewed to assess their
      relationship with their general practitioner. Although most of the 192 patients
      were registered with a general practitioner, the doctors of only one half knew of
      the diagnosis. Patients feared a negative reaction from their general
      practitioner or were concerned about confidentiality. Although those who had told
      their doctor had received favourable reactions, few general practitioners
      attempted to counsel or educate their patients. The patients who previously had
      been open about their homosexuality were not more likely to have told their
      general practitioner of their HIV infection. Although most did not think that
      general practitioners were well informed about AIDS, half of the patients wished
      that general practitioners could take a bigger part in their care.

PMID- 3408960
TI  - Develop diabetic care in general practice.

PMID- 3408959
TI  - Infection control revisited: dilemma facing today's bronchoscopists.
AB  - The emergence of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome has provoked a
      widespread review of policies for infection control. Incomplete knowledge about
      the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus, and mycobacteria has
      until now been compensated for by adopting "overkill" precautions for patients
      who were thought to harbour these organisms. This policy is no longer tenable,
      given the difficulty in identifying infected patients. The control of infection
      in hospitals must instead be based on the routine use of high standards of
      hygiene that are adequate to contain all pathogens. Attempts by bronchoscopists
      to formulate such a policy have been frustrated by the lack of a suitable
      disinfectant and by ignorance of the susceptibility of microorganisms to cleaning
      and disinfection in a clinical environment.

PMID- 3408961
TI  - Summary of the Cleveland inquiry.

PMID- 3408962
TI  - Mentally abnormal prisoners on remand.

PMID- 3408963
TI  - Small bowel volvulus.

PMID- 3408964
TI  - Neonatal screening for haemoglobinopathies.

PMID- 3408965
TI  - Syringe exchange schemes.

PMID- 3408966
TI  - Spasmodic torticollis.

PMID- 3408967
TI  - Babywalkers.

PMID- 3408968
TI  - Dialysis hypotension.

PMID- 3408970
TI  - "Plan for action".

PMID- 3408969
TI  - Apparent haematuria.

PMID- 3408971
TI  - Children in Third World slums.

PMID- 3408972
TI  - Health and the ozone layer.

PMID- 3408973
TI  - The new public health.

PMID- 3408974
TI  - What went wrong at Exeter?

PMID- 3408976
TI  - Ethics and transplants; ethics and AIDS.

PMID- 3408975
TI  - Social network interaction: new jargon in health inequalities.

PMID- 3408977
TI  - Asian mothers' risk factors for perinatal death--the same or different? A 10 year
      review of Leicestershire perinatal deaths.
AB  - A case-control study of all perinatal deaths in Leicestershire was established in
      1976. By 1985 some 1342 singleton perinatal deaths had occurred. Perinatal
      mortality among patients of Asian origin was consistently higher than that among
      European women. Many of the sociomedical risk factors for perinatal death known
      at booking were common to both population groups. In this population of Asian
      women, however, low social class was not associated with perinatal risk and
      illegitimacy hardly ever occurred. In contrast, previous infertility among the
      Asian women was associated with risk of perinatal death, while no such
      association was found with European women. In 19% of perinatal deaths care was
      either inadequately provided or taken up. The case-control design in these
      circumstances provides a practicable way to evaluate causal factors and at the
      same time to provide information of value to educators and health service
      planners.

PMID- 3408978
TI  - Experience of a public education programme on early detection of cutaneous
      malignant melanoma.
AB  - A public education campaign is described which aimed at encouraging earlier self
      recognition and thus treatment of cutaneous malignant melanoma. The unique aspect
      of this campaign was that the changes in the numbers of referrals of patients
      with melanomas and the changes in the hospital workload associated with this
      programme were quantified. In the calendar year of the campaign and the following
      year a statistically significant rise was seen in the percentage of thin
      melanomas with a good prognosis that were treated and a concomitant significant
      fall in the proportion of thick lesions with a poor prognosis.

PMID- 3408979
TI  - Mortality in women in relation to their childbearing history.
AB  - With data from the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys' longitudinal study
      the mortality of currently married women aged under 60 in 1971 was investigated
      in relation to the number of liveborn children reported at the 1971 census,
      adjusting for their husbands' social class. Women who had never had children
      experienced a higher mortality from many causes of death than the parous women,
      and this was probably due, at least in part, to selective factors. When the
      analysis was confined to parous women mortality from diabetes mellitus and
      cervical cancer increased significantly and oesophageal cancer decreased
      significantly with increasing number of liveborn children. Mortality from all
      circulatory diseases and from hypertensive disease, ischaemic heart disease, and
      subarachnoid haemorrhage tended to rise with parity, though the trends were not
      statistically significant. Mortality from breast cancer decreased significantly
      with the number of liveborn children, but only when nullipara were included in
      the analyses. These data suggest that there may be residual and cumulative
      effects of childbearing which influence patterns of disease in the long term.

PMID- 3408980
TI  - Predictive value of oxygen saturation in emergency evaluation of asthmatic
      children.

PMID- 3408981
TI  - Through the endoscope balloon dilatation of benign gastric outlet obstruction.

PMID- 3408982
TI  - Antibody titres to Campylobacter pylori after treatment for gastritis.

PMID- 3408983
TI  - General practitioners' responsibilities to their patients.
AB  - The views of general practitioners about their responsibilities for patient care
      have not been canvassed. A survey of general practitioners was therefore carried
      out to determine their views. A postal questionnaire, in which general
      practitioners were asked what they saw as their responsibilities, was sent to 525
      principals in Avon and completed by 424, giving a response rate of 81%. The
      doctors generally agreed that their responsibilities for patient care included
      problems related to internal medicine, such as managing diabetes and
      hypertension. Less consensus was found in the replies to questions about
      technical procedures, such as resection of ingrowing toenails, and
      gynaecological, orthopaedic, or psychosocial problems. The results supported the
      view that general practitioners are gradually abandoning technical aspects of
      medicine to specialists without a compensating role having been defined. In the
      light of this trend the responsibilities of general practitioners should be
      clearly defined by the profession.

PMID- 3408984
TI  - Cardiopulmonary resuscitation in late pregnancy.

PMID- 3408985
TI  - Decision making for routine measles/MMR and whooping cough immunisation.

PMID- 3408987
TI  - Child abuse.

PMID- 3408986
TI  - Doctors and the test ban: 25 years on.

PMID- 3408989
TI  - Babywalkers.

PMID- 3408988
TI  - Irritable bowel syndrome in a non-Western population.

PMID- 3408990
TI  - Accidents in the home.

PMID- 3408991
TI  - Innovation in general practice.

PMID- 3408992
TI  - Late diagnosis of frontal meningiomas.

PMID- 3408993
TI  - Parasympathetic nervous system in nocturnal asthma.

PMID- 3408995
TI  - Syringe exchange schemes.

PMID- 3408994
TI  - Doctors and managers.

PMID- 3408996
TI  - CCK-A receptors in the rat interpeduncular nucleus: evidence for a presynaptic
      location.
AB  - Using autoradiography, 'peripheral type' or cholecystokinin-A (CCK-A) receptor
      binding was measured in the interpeduncular nucleus (IPN) of rats which had
      received electrolytic lesions of the habenular nucleus. Presynaptic GABAB
      receptor binding was also determined in the IPN in order to verify the loss of
      input to the nucleus. In animals which showed almost total loss of GABAB
      receptors. 125I-Bolton Hunter CCK binding in the IPN was reduced from 1.83 +/-
      0.28 pmol/g wet weight to 0.87 +/- 0.16 pmol/g wet weight. This was not
      significantly different from non-specific levels, determined in the same region
      using 10(-7) M L-365,031 (0.97 +/- 0.14 pmol/g wet weight). These data suggest
      that CCK-A receptors in rat IPN are localized on presynaptic terminals within the
      nucleus.

PMID- 3408997
TI  - Neuronal and endothelial sites of acetylcholine synthesis and release associated
      with microvessels in rat cerebral cortex: ultrastructural and neurochemical
      studies.
AB  - We sought to establish what proportion of the cholinergic innervation of the
      cerebral cortex (CX) is associated with intraparenchymal blood vessels by using
      immunocytochemical and neurochemical techniques, and whether [3H]acetylcholine
      ([3H]ACh) is synthesized and released by elements associated with cortical
      microvessels (MV). MVs and, for comparison, tissue homogenates were prepared
      using sucrose gradient/differential ultracentrifugation methods. Efficacy of the
      separation technique was indicated by the activity of gamma
      glutamyltranspeptidase (up to 29.2-fold enrichment), an endothelial cell marker
      enzyme, in the MV fraction and microscopy. The size of isolated microvessels
      ranged from 5 to 40 micron (o.d.) with 67.7% of the vessels less than 10 micron
      and 32.2% between 11 and 40 micron (690 vessels measured from 4 animals). By
      electron microscopy immunoreactive choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), the
      biosynthetic enzyme for ACh, was localized to: (a) axons and axon terminals
      opposed to the basal laminae of capillaries and small arterioles, and (b)
      capillary endothelial cells. ChAT-labeled elements associated with MVs were most
      prominent in layers I, III and V of the CX consistent with the local pattern of
      cholinergic innervation. The absolute amount of ACh synthesized (pmol Ach/100 mg
      wet wt.) by elements associated with cortical MVs was relatively small (2.3%
      total cortical homogenate activity). Inhibition of MV ChAT activity to 5% of
      control by the specific ChAT inhibitor, 4-naphthylvinylpyridine, and HPLC
      analysis of the product, indicated that authentic ACh was measured. Other tissues
      similarly synthesized small amounts of ACh relative to the CX, caudate nucleus
      (CN, 2.4%), cerebellum (CRB, 1.4%) and liver (LIV, 3.9%). Consistent with the
      known extent of the cholinergic innervation of the tissues examined, the rank
      order of ChAT associated for both MVs and homogenate were: CN greater than CX
      much greater than CRB greater than LIV. However, based on the specific activities
      of ChAT, cortical MVs have the remarkable capacity to synthesize ACh at rates 95%
      greater than cortical (S1 fraction) homogenate (59.0 +/- 3.5 nmol/mg protein/40
      min; n = 7), which is enriched in nerve terminals. Except for LV (+11%), other
      tissues also had remarkably high ChAT activity in MV (% above corresponding
      homogenate; P less than 0.05, n = 5): CN (+269) and CRB (+313). Release of
      [3H]ACh from MVs and, for comparison, nerve terminals were graded to K+
      depolarization stimulus (5-55 mM), maximal with 55 mM K+ and Ca2+
      dependent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3408998
TI  - The human accessory optic system.
AB  - The accessory optic system (AOS) has been extensively studied among vertebrates,
      including primates. It has never clearly been identified in man, and it has not
      been considered functionally important by clinicians. Because of a lack of a
      suitable neuroanatomical tract-tracing technique, anatomical demonstration of a
      retinofugal pathway to the human AOS had previously not been feasible. A modified
      osmium impregnation method has been shown to permit the tracing of degenerated
      fibers in man even after long survival periods. This technique employs p
      phenylene diamine (PPD) as a marker of myelin and products of axonal
      degeneration. We applied the PPD method in the examination of one monkey brain
      (Cynomolgus) and two human autopsy brains with previous visual system lesions.
      The lateral, dorsal, and medial terminal accessory optic nuclei and the
      interstitial nucleus of the superior fasciculus, posterior fibers (LTN, DTN, MTN,
      and inSEp) in the monkey and the LTN, the DTN, and the inSEp in the human all
      showed degenerated axons and preterminal axonal profiles indicative of direct
      retinal input. The ventral midbrain tegmentum including the MTN area was not
      available for study in either of the human brains. The accessory optic
      projections in both the monkey and human brains proved to be bilateral but
      primarily crossed. The human visual system thus shares similarities with the
      simian, in the location and number of the AOS fiber bundles and terminal nuclei
      and in the organization of the retinofugal projections to these nuclei.

PMID- 3408999
TI  - Pharmacological analysis of the magnocellular red nucleus during classical
      conditioning of the rabbit nictitating membrane response.
AB  - Previous experiments have suggested that the red nucleus is an essential
      structure in the neural pathways subserving the conditioned responses (CRs)
      elicited in several simple associative learning paradigms. The present
      investigation confirms the involvement of the magnocellular red nucleus in
      production of the classically conditioned nictitating membrane response in the
      rabbit and suggests that gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) processes within this
      structure are involved in expression of the CR. Specifically, these studies
      demonstrate that microinfusion of a GABA antagonist (either picrotoxin or
      bicuculline methiodide) into the magnocellular red nucleus can selectively and
      reversibly reduce or abolish retention of the CR, without altering the
      unconditioned reflex response. Furthermore, these pharmacological manipulations
      that disrupt the CR are both anatomically and pharmacologically specific, and
      demonstrate a predictable dose-dependent function. These findings suggest that
      GABAergic processes within the magnocellular red nucleus are part of the critical
      circuitry subserving the CR.

PMID- 3409000
TI  - Identification and quantification of kynurenic acid in human brain tissue.
AB  - Serial ion-exchange and high-performance liquid chromatography separations were
      employed for the tissue extraction and purification of kynurenic acid (KYNA).
      Subsequently, the compound isolated from postmortem human brain tissue was
      unequivocally identified as KYNA by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass
      spectrometric analyses. Regional distribution analyses revealed the highest
      concentration of KYNA (1.58 +/- 0.43 pmol/mg tissue) in the caudate nucleus with
      lower levels in the thalamus, globus pallidus, hippocampus, parietal cortex and
      frontal cortex. Of the brain structures examined, the lowest concentration of
      KYNA (0.14 +/- 0.02 pmol/mg tissue) was found in the cerebellum.

PMID- 3409001
TI  - Determination of rat cerebral cortical blood volume changes by capillary mean
      transit time analysis during hypoxia, hypercapnia and hyperventilation.
AB  - Changes in cerebral blood volume due to augmented or diminished numbers of blood
      perfused capillaries can be studied in small animals by optical methods.
      Capillary mean transit time was determined by detection of the passage of a
      hemodilution bolus through a region of the parietal cerebral cortical surface,
      using a reflectance spectrophotometer through a small craniotomy in chloral
      hydrate-anesthetized rats. Local cerebral blood flow was determined in the same
      region by the butanol indicator-fractionation method. Blood volume was calculated
      from the product of blood flow and transit time. Normoxic, normocapnic values for
      these variables were blood flow = 144 ml/100 g/min; mean transit time = 1.41 s;
      and blood volume = 3.4 ml/100 g. Mean transit time reached a minimum (1.1 s) with
      moderate hypoxia or hypercapnia. Combined hypoxia and hypercapnia did not result
      in any further decrease in mean transit time although blood flow was much higher
      than either hypoxia or hypercapnia alone. The maximum blood volume recorded
      during hypercapnic hypoxia (12.1 ml/100 g) was 3.6 times greater than that at
      normoxic normocapnia, which suggests that under control conditions in the
      anesthetized rat considerably less than 100% of the cerebral capillaries were
      actively perfusing the tissue. These studies demonstrate that optical methods can
      be used to quantitatively measure blood volume. The data suggest that capillary
      recruitment is a physiologically significant phenomenon in rat cerebral cortex.

PMID- 3409002
TI  - Blind-ended semipermeable guidance channels support peripheral nerve regeneration
      in the absence of a distal nerve stump.
AB  - The presence of a distal nerve segment is considered to be essential for
      peripheral nerve regeneration through impermeable synthetic guidance channels.
      The use of a perm-selective material may provide a more appropriate regenerating
      environment by allowing solute exchange across the wall of the channel. We
      compared perm-selective acrylic copolymer (AC) channels with impermeable silicone
      elastomer (SE) channels in terms of regeneration in the absence of a distal nerve
      stump. Cohorts of 6 animals received AC and SE channels for either 4 or 8 weeks,
      with the distal end of the polymer tube left open in half of the animals, and
      plugged with the same polymer ('capped') in the other half. Capped and uncapped
      AC channels contained regenerated nerve cables which extended fully to the distal
      end of the channel, whereas capped SE channels contained only 1 mm long
      granulomatous tissue cables, and uncapped SE channels showed small cables with
      only a few myelinated axons. The nerve cables regenerated in uncapped AC channels
      were smaller and contained fewer myelinated axons than those observed in capped
      AC channels. Capped AC channels sleeved with a tight-fitting silicone tube to
      render them impermeable, showed no regenerated tissue within their lumen. The use
      of a perm-selective channel may have allowed the influx of nutrients and growth
      factors from the external environment while concentrating factors released by the
      proximal nerve stump.

PMID- 3409003
TI  - Effect of monoamine oxidase inhibition on the regional cerebral blood flow
      response to circulating noradrenaline.
AB  - The effect of an acute i.v. infusion of noradrenaline (NA) on regional cerebral
      blood flow (rCBF) was investigated in the awake rat using [14C]iodoantipyrine as
      diffusible tracer. The contribution of vascular monoamine oxidase (MAO) to the
      efficiency of the enzymatic blood-brain barrier (BBB) to catecholamines was
      assessed by measuring the multiregional cerebrovascular response to circulating
      NA given alone or after i.v. administration of the monoamine oxidase inhibitor,
      clorgyline. Since i.v. infusion of NA elevates blood pressure, the influence of
      NA on the cerebrovascular bed was first studied by determining the relationship
      between rCBF and the mean arterial pressure (MAP). When the MAP was only slightly
      increased (to approximately 130 mm Hg), a trend to flow decrease under NA
      infusion was observed. Secondly, we compared the effects of NA on rCBF in animals
      treated or not treated with clorgyline. This was performed under moderate
      hypertension (within the 'autoregulated' range of MAP) to avoid any risk of
      mechanical damage to the BBB. Clorgyline administration alone did not
      significantly modify rCBF, but the subsequent i.v. infusion of NA induced an
      increase in rCBF (weighted mean 14%) in all structures investigated. The
      differences being statistically significant (P less than 0.05) in 5 out of 13
      structures by up to 20%. Compared to studies involving disruption of the
      morphological BBB in which plasma NA elicits a widespread important increase in
      blood flow, the weak cerebrovascular effects we observed provide indirect
      evidence for the efficiency of the BBB to catecholamines in the conscious rat
      within the autoregulated range of arterial pressure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3409004
TI  - Dose-response relationship between light irradiance and the suppression of plasma
      melatonin in human volunteers.
AB  - This study tested the capacity of different irradiances of monochromatic light to
      reduce plasma melatonin in normal humans. Six healthy male volunteers, 24-34
      years old, were exposed to 0.01, 0.3, 1.6, 5, or 13 microW/cm2 of 509 nm
      monochromatic light for 1 h during the night on separate occasions. Light
      irradiance depressed plasma melatonin in a dose-response pattern. The data
      indicate that the mean threshold irradiance for suppressing melatonin is between
      1.6 and 5 microW/cm2. Individual variations in threshold responses to
      monochromatic light were observed among the volunteers.

PMID- 3409005
TI  - Serial position curves for item (spatial location) information: role of the
      dorsal hippocampal formation and medial septum.
AB  - Animals were trained on an item recognition memory task for a list of 5 spatial
      locations. After reaching criterion performance the animals sustained small or
      medium-size dorsal hippocampal formation lesions, small or large medial septal
      lesions, or served as sham-operated or cortical controls. Following recovery from
      surgery, animals were retested for item recognition memory. Sham-operated and
      cortical control animals showed no deficits in performance. In contrast, animals
      with small dorsal hippocampal formation or medial septal lesions displayed a
      deficit for the early items, but had excellent memory for the last item of the
      list. Animals with medium-size dorsal hippocampal formation or large medial
      septal lesions displayed a deficit for both early and late items within the list.
      Because residual short-term memory capacity can be seen only with small
      hippocampal formation or medial septal lesions, it is suggested that the
      hippocampal formation and cholinergic input into the hippocampal formation via
      the medial septum code spatial information within a continuous extended time
      frame.

PMID- 3409006
TI  - The influence of anesthesia upon binocular processes controlling the
      recordability of X- and Y-cells in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the cat.
AB  - The interaction between anesthesia and binocular physiology was explored using
      chronic monocular paralysis. Monocular paralysis allows analysis and
      classification of lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) cells without systemic
      paralysis and anesthesia and also produces a tonic bias in binocular mechanisms
      which control the relative recordability of X- and Y-cells (i.e. the LGN X/Y
      ratio). This effect appears to be reversed by the induction of anesthesia. In
      this study we (1) assessed the effects of anesthesia induction and withdrawal
      upon the X/Y ratio in a large number of chronic monocularly paralyzed cats, and
      (2) evaluated the degree to which a change in excitability versus a change in
      functional identity in individual LGN cells may contribute to these anesthesia
      induced shifts in the X/Y ratio. Although anesthesia induction invariably
      increased the X/Y ratio (which is typically quite low in chronic monocular
      paralysis), it never caused a reliable shift between X- and Y-categories in any
      cell. Congruent with its effects upon the X/Y ratio, however, anesthesia
      induction increased excitability in 73% of X-cells and decreased excitability in
      55% of Y-cells. Control experiments indicated that these systematic effects of
      anesthesia are not characteristic of normal animals but are specific to those
      with chronic monocular paralysis. Thus, the induction of anesthesia does reverse
      the effects of chronic monocular paralysis upon the LGN X/Y ratio apparently by
      inducing reciprocal changes in X- and Y-excitability. Further, while we find no
      evidence that anesthesia produces a qualitative distortion in the monocular
      properties of LGN cells, the induction and withdrawal of anesthesia does appear
      to modulate the operation of binocular processes controlling the recordability of
      LGN X- and Y-cells.

PMID- 3409007
TI  - Mortality and histological findings of the brain during and after cerebral
      ischemia in male and female spontaneously hypertensive rats.
AB  - Mortality and pathological changes of the brain during and after cerebral
      ischemia induced by bilateral carotid artery occlusion (BCO) were studied in male
      and female spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Systolic arterial blood
      pressure at rest was significantly higher in male SHR (228 +/- 13 mm Hg, mean +/-
      S.E.M.) than female (192 +/- 12) (P less than 0.05). The average survival time
      during permanent occlusion was 11 +/- 6 h (mean +/- S.D.) in male SHR and 17 +/-
      7 in female (P less than 0.005), though the cumulative mortality during 24-h
      ischemia was not different between male (88%) and female SHR (84%). Severe
      ischemic changes of nerve cells in the brain, especially in the cortex and
      hippocampus, were observed in 50% of male SHR at 3-h ischemia, while only 15% was
      observed in female SHR even after 7-h ischemia. After the temporary ischemia
      followed by reperfusion for 24 h, the mortality was varied between male and
      female SHR; 0, 31 and 100% after 1-, 3- and 5-h ischemia, respectively, in male
      SHR and 0% after 1- to 3-h ischemia and 33% after 5- to 7-h ischemia,
      respectively, in female. Ischemic changes of the brain tissue, such as
      acidophilic cytoplasm, nuclear degeneration and intercellular edema, were more
      frequent and severe in male SHR than female after recirculation following 3- or 5
      h ischemia. It is concluded that the mortality and post-ischemic viability seem
      to be determined by the duration of ischemia and also by the degree of the
      neuronal damage, and female SHR is more tolerated for ischemic insult in
      comparison to male SHR.

PMID- 3409008
TI  - Stationary and non-stationary occurrences of miniature end plate potentials are
      well described as stationary and non-stationary Poisson processes in the mollusc
      Navanax inermis.
AB  - Protractor muscles in the gastropod mollusc Navanax inermis exhibit typical
      spontaneous miniature end plate potentials with mean amplitude 1.71 +/- 1.19
      (standard deviation) mV. The evoked end plate potential is quantized, with a
      quantum equal to the miniature end plate potential amplitude. When their rate is
      stationary, occurrence of miniature end plate potentials is a random, Poisson
      process. When non-stationary, spontaneous miniature end plate potential
      occurrence is a non-stationary Poisson process, a Poisson process with the mean
      frequency changing with time. This extends the random Poisson model for miniature
      end plate potentials to the frequently observed non-stationary occurrence.
      Reported deviations from a Poisson process can sometimes be accounted for by the
      non-stationary Poisson process and more complex models, such as clustered
      release, are not always needed.

PMID- 3409009
TI  - The role of the pyriform cortex in the generation of interictal spikes in the
      kindled preparation.
AB  - The development of interictal spikes (IIS) was monitored during amygdala or
      pyriform cortex kindling in a series of 4 experiments. It was found that (1)
      spike-like transients were often present in the pyriform cortex EEG before
      kindling had begun; (2) these transients developed progressively into large
      amplitude and complex IIS as kindling proceeded; (3) the pyriform cortex IIS
      continued to show the greatest proportion of earliest onset spikes in most
      animals after kindling was completed; (4) other sites (including the ventral, but
      not the dorsal hippocampus) gradually developed the capacity to generate IIS as
      kindling progressed; (5) although specific sites within the pyriform cortex may
      serve as a generator, their location along the longitudinal axis of the pyriform
      lobe varied from animal to animal (and did not appear to depend upon the location
      of the kindling electrode); (6) although there often appeared to be 2 spike
      types, based on the polarity of the first component, there were also transitional
      waveforms, raising the possibility that they were variations on a single spike
      type, and (7) the IIS were often preceded, usually in the pyriform cortex, by
      reliable pre-spike events (smaller spikes or a 'ripple' on the EEG).

PMID- 3409010
TI  - The effects of various lesions and knife-cuts on septal and amygdala kindling in
      the rat.
AB  - Large bilateral aspiration lesions of the hippocampus had no significant effect
      on septal kindling, whereas large bilateral DC lesions of the pyriform lobe
      resulted in a small but significant increase in the number of septal stimulations
      required to complete kindling. Bilateral aspiration lesions of the dorsal
      hippocampus or large bilateral DC lesions of the ventral hippocampus had no
      effect on amygdala kindling. Small DC lesions of the stria terminalis
      significantly facilitated amygdala kindling. Unilateral or bilateral ventral
      knife-cuts delivered in a coronal plane anterior to the amygdala, disrupting
      communication with anterior pyriform structures, produced a small but nearly
      significant increase in the number of stimulations required for amygdala
      kindling. Similar cuts placed posterior to the amygdala, disrupting communication
      with the hippocampus, significantly facilitated kindling. Cuts that were medially
      placed, to disrupt the ventral amygdala-fugal pathway, had no effect on amygdala
      kindling. These results show that the hippocampus is not critical for either
      septal or amygdala kindling. The pyriform lobe structures appear to play a
      facilitatory role in kindling, but none of the lesions or knife-cuts were capable
      of blocking or even severely retarding kindling.

PMID- 3409011
TI  - Morphometric immunochemical analysis of neurons in the nucleus basalis of Meynert
      in Alzheimer's disease.
AB  - In Alzheimer's disease there is a reported loss of large cells in the cholinergic
      nucleus basalis of Meynert. It has been suggested, however, that there may be
      neurons in the nucleus basalis in Alzheimer's disease which are atrophied and
      therefore difficult to distinguish from neuroglia by size. This has important
      therapeutic implications and we have attempted to clarify the situation using a
      neuron-specific antiserum directed against neuron-specific enolase (NSE).
      Sections of nucleus basalis were stained using this antiserum and the neuronal
      cross-sectional area was measured. A profile of neuronal distribution with area
      was obtained, by image analysis, and compared in controls and patients with
      Alzheimer's disease. A significant 29% overall loss of neurons was found in
      Alzheimer's disease with a much greater loss (61%) of large neurons and
      concurrent increase (59%) in small neurons. Analysis of variance showed
      significant reduction in mean cross-sectional neuronal area as a consequence of
      this shift in frequency towards a preponderance of small cells. It is suggested
      that in the nucleus basalis in Alzheimer's disease, large neurons are not
      completely lost; many are shrunken and thus excluded from the previous studies of
      large cells counted in Nissl-stained material. That there is partial preservation
      of these neurons makes it more likely that cholinergic dysfunction,
      characteristic of Alzheimer's disease, will be amenable to neurotrophic
      influence.

PMID- 3409012
TI  - Cholinotoxicity of the ethylcholine aziridinium ion in primary cultures from rat
      central nervous system.
AB  - The cytotoxic effects of ethylcholine aziridinium ion (AF64A) were studied in
      primary cultures prepared from either whole brain, septum, or midbrain of fetal
      rats. AF64A, at concentrations up to 22.5 microM, significantly reduced the
      number of acetylcholinesterase-stained cells without affecting the number of
      dopaminergic neurons or their ability to take up and release [3H]dopamine. Many
      of the survived acetylcholinesterase-stained cells appeared with intact somata
      but damaged processes, indicating a retrograde degeneration starting at the nerve
      terminal. Higher concentrations of AF64A (greater than 22.5 microM), caused
      general toxicity which was expressed by degeneration of various neuronal and
      glial cells. Choline (500 microM), significantly protected the cells from AF64A
      induced cytotoxicity. The results are consistent with a previously described
      kinetic model, that predicted a dual action of AF64A: selective cholinotoxicity
      at low concentrations and non-selective cytotoxicity at higher concentrations.

PMID- 3409013
TI  - Electrophysiological determination of the axonal projections of single dorsal
      respiratory group neurons to the cervical spinal cord of cat.
AB  - Antidromic microstimulation and orthodromic extracellular spike-triggered
      averaging were used to determine the axonal positions, divergence and
      terminations of 16 axons arising from bulbospinal, inspiratory (I) neurons.
      Activity from these neurons was recorded in the dorsal respiratory groups (DRG)
      of 12 cats. Systematic tracking was done both transversely and longitudinally in
      the contralateral fifth and sixth cervical segments of the spinal cord. Axonal
      position was determined by antidromically activating axons and by recording
      axonal field potentials. Thirteen axons were located in the lateral funiculus,
      two in the ventrolateral funiculus and one in the ventral funiculus. Axonal
      conduction velocity (CV) was calculated from conduction distance and conduction
      time, the latter defined as the interval of time from the recorded action
      potential in the medulla to the recorded averaged axonal potential in the spinal
      cord. Average (+/- S.D.) axonal CV was 52 +/- 15 m/s. Terminal potentials were
      recorded for 13 of these axons and were coincident with the location of evoked
      field potentials resulting from antidromic stimulation of phrenic motoneurons. In
      addition, terminal potentials from single I cells were recorded at multiple sites
      along the longitudinal axis of the phrenic motor column. These data indicate that
      axons of spontaneously active, DRG bulbospinal I cells descend predominantly in
      the lateral columns and diverge and terminate extensively within the phrenic
      motor column.

PMID- 3409014
TI  - Increased transfer of 45Ca into brain and cerebrospinal fluid from plasma during
      chronic hypocalcemia in rats.
AB  - Recent studies have shown regulation of central nervous system [Ca] after chronic
      hypo- and hypercalcemia. To investigate the mechanism of this regulation, 3-week
      old rats were fed diets for 8 weeks that contained low or normal levels of Ca.
      Plasma [Ca] was 40% less in rats fed the low Ca diet than in animals fed normal
      diet. Unidirectional transfer coefficients for Ca (KCa) and Cl (KCl) into
      cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain were determined from the 10 min uptake of
      intravenously injected 45Ca and 36Cl in awake animals. KCa for CSF was 68%
      greater in low-Ca rats than in normal rats. Likewise, the values of KCa for brain
      regions with areas adjacent to the ventricles like the hippocampus and pons
      medulla were 50% higher than in normal animals. On the other hand, KCas for
      parietal cortex, a brain region distant from the choroid plexus and not expected
      to be influenced by Ca entry into CSF, were similar between the groups.
      Comparison of the regional ratios of KCa/KCl revealed that a selective increase
      of Ca transport occurred into CSF and all brain regions except the parietal
      cortex in Ca-deficient rats. The results suggest that Ca homeostasis of CSF and
      brain [Ca] during chronic hypocalcemia is due to increased transfer of Ca from
      blood to brain, and that the regulation occurs via the CSF, possibly at the
      choroid plexus, but not via the cerebral capillaries.

PMID- 3409015
TI  - Thermal sensitivity of neurons in a rostral part of the rat solitary tract
      nucleus.
AB  - While stimulating the entire oral cavity of anesthetized rats, we recorded 3
      types of neurons in the solitary tract nucleus; taste, mechanoreceptive and cold
      neurons. Most of the taste neurons were sensitive to thermal as well as to
      mechanical stimulations. Taste neurons predominantly sensitive to sucrose
      responded to warming and those most excited by NaCl or HCl were sensitive to
      cooling, and significant correlations were found between sucrose and warming and
      between NaCl and cooling. Most of the cold-sensitive taste neurons had receptive
      fields (RFs) at the anterior tongue and warm-sensitive taste neurons had whole or
      part of the RFs at the nasoincisor duct. About half the number of
      mechanoreceptive neurons were sensitive to cooling, producing phasic responses.
      RFs of some thermosensitive mechanoreceptive neurons and cold neurons were
      located. Warm-sensitive mechanoreceptive neurons or warm neurons were not
      evident. Therefore, interaction between thermal and taste sensations in the oral
      cavity probably takes place in the solitary tract nucleus, as well as in the
      chorda tympani.

PMID- 3409016
TI  - Neuromuscular block by verapamil and diltiazem and inhibition of acetylcholine
      release.
AB  - The effects of Ca2+-channel antagonists, verapamil, diltiazem and nifedipine, on
      the neuromuscular transmission were studied in the isolated mouse phrenic nerve
      diaphragm preparations. All 3 drugs increased the twitch response evoked by
      direct single stimulation at 10-100 microM. The neuromuscular transmission at 0.1
      Hz was blocked by verapamil and diltiazem, but not by nifedipine, only at very
      high concentrations (greater than or equal to 100 microM). In the time course of
      block, no endplate potential (e.p.p.) could be recorded, whenever the junction
      failed to elicit an action potential, suggesting that the block is due to an
      axonal conduction failure. Conduction block became apparent in both axon and
      muscle at low concentrations (greater than 10 microM) of verapamil and diltiazem
      at 100 Hz. When the safety margin of neuromuscular transmission was reduced by
      tubocurarine or low Ca2+ plus high Mg2+, verapamil and diltiazem, but not
      nifedipine, reduced the single twitch response to nerve stimulation at
      concentrations that did not cause axon conduction block. The inhibition was
      dependent on the frequency of nerve stimulation, enhanced by low-Ca2+ and
      antagonized by high-Ca2+. Verapamil (50 microM) inhibited the mean amplitude of
      the median size miniature e.p.p. by only 8%, whereas it increased the frequency
      by 4-5-fold and the proportion of both small and giant miniature e.p.p.s. The
      e.p.p. amplitude was inhibited by verapamil by about 67% in low-Ca2+ media and by
      about 38% in normal Tyrode. Similar but somewhat lesser effect was obtained with
      diltiazem. It is concluded that verapamil and diltiazem, but not nifedipine,
      inhibit the transmitter release.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3409017
TI  - The twitcher mouse: accumulation of galactosylsphingosine and pathology of the
      sciatic nerve.
AB  - Morphological and biochemical changes were investigated in the early
      developmental stages of sciatic nerve of the twitcher mouse, a murine model of
      human globoid cell leukodystrophy. The concentration of galactosylsphingosine
      (psychosine) and the chronological changes of the twitcher mouse peripheral nerve
      pathology correlated well. Galactosylsphingosine had already accumulated at birth
      and dramatically increased with age. Characteristic inclusions were observed in
      Schwann cells and macrophages of the twitcher mouse on the 5th postnatal day.
      Endoneurial edema developed after 10 postnatal days and the hypomyelination was
      pronounced at 15-20 postnatal days. These findings suggest that
      galactosylsphingosine is cytotoxic for myelin-forming cells and is closely
      related to pathogenetic events in the twitcher mouse.

PMID- 3409018
TI  - Hippocampal but not astrocyte transplants enhance recovery on a forced choice
      alternation task after kainate lesions.
AB  - In rats, intrahippocampal injections of kainate produced selective lesions of the
      CA3 pyramidal cells and a performance deficit on a forced-choice alternation
      task. Transplants of embryonic hippocampus significantly facilitated recovery on
      the alternation task whereas hippocampal transplants taken from adult donors
      showed a similar but non-significant trend in recovery. Previous data have shown
      that after frontal cortex ablation transplants of cultured astrocytes facilitated
      behavioral recovery. After hippocampal lesions however transplants of cultured
      astrocytes, either before or after kainate injections, did not facilitate
      recovery on the alternation task. Trophic activity produced by astrocytes did not
      appear to be sufficient to enhance the rate of recovery. Replacement of damaged
      neurons may be required for the observed enhanced behavioral recovery.

PMID- 3409019
TI  - Effect of bilateral decortication on nerve growth factor content in basal nucleus
      and neostriatum of adult rat brain.
AB  - The content of nerve growth factor (NGF) was measured by a sensitive two-site
      enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the basal nucleus and neostriatum at various
      times following bilateral suction lesions of the cerebral neocortex in adult
      rats. At 14 and 29 postlesion days, NGF levels in basal nucleus were
      significantly elevated by 270 and 126%, respectively. In addition, 29 days after
      cortical lesions, NGF content in the neostriatum was increased 145% above
      controls. Thus, enhanced NGF production occurs in both basal nucleus and
      neostriatum of adult rats in response to antero- and/or retrograde neuronal
      degeneration.

PMID- 3409020
TI  - Food deprivation alters dopamine utilization in the rat prefrontal cortex and
      asymmetrically alters amphetamine-induced rotational behavior.
AB  - The effects of 24 and 48 h of food deprivation on changes in the activity of
      dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons and D-amphetamine-induced rotational behavior were
      studied in male and female Long-Evans rats. Food deprivation selectively altered
      3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) in the medial prefrontal cortex (PFC) but
      not in the nucleus accumbens or striatum: PFC DOPAC was significantly increased
      and decreased bilaterally after 24 and 48 h of food deprivation, respectively.
      Left greater than right hemispheric asymmetries were seen for DOPAC and DOPAC/DA
      in the control animals. In a separate experiment, 24 h of food deprivation
      enhanced right rotational behavior, while 48 h significantly increased left
      rotational behavior. The results are discussed in terms of food deprivation's
      effects on mesocortical DAergic neurons, previous work on cortical modulation of
      striatal function and how these effects on rotational behavior may be determined
      by brain asymmetry.

PMID- 3409021
TI  - SI nociceptive neurons participate in the encoding process by which monkeys
      perceive the intensity of noxious thermal stimulation.
AB  - The activity of primary somatosensory (SI) cortical nociceptive neurons was
      recorded while the monkeys performed a psychophysical task in which they detected
      small increases in skin temperature superimposed on noxious levels of thermal
      stimulation. The detection latency to these stimuli, expressed as detection
      speed, was used as a measure of the perceived intensity of sensation. Two-thirds
      of the neurons that responded to noxious thermal stimulation increased their
      discharge in response to graded increases in stimulus intensity. The remaining
      neurons responded to noxious thermal stimulation, but did not grade their
      response with the intensity of the stimulus. The response of SI nociceptive
      neurons that encode the intensity of noxious thermal stimulation was
      significantly correlated with the monkey's detection speed. We conclude that SI
      nociceptive neurons are involved in the encoding process by which monkeys
      perceive the intensity of noxious thermal stimulation.

PMID- 3409022
TI  - Direct catecholaminergic projection from nucleus tractus solitarii to supraoptic
      nucleus.
AB  - To determine whether the supraoptic nucleus (SON) receives a direct projection
      from catecholamine cells of the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS), retrograde
      transport of rhodamine-tagged latex microspheres was combined with a procedure
      for the fluorescence histochemical visualization of catecholamines. SON tracer
      injections, made via transpharyngeal approach, retrogradely labelled cells at all
      levels of NTS, although the majority were located caudal to obex with an
      ipsilateral predominance. Approximately half of these cells were also identified
      as catecholaminergic; the relatively caudal level in the dorsomedial medulla of
      most of these cells suggests that they probably correspond to the A2
      catecholamine cell group.

PMID- 3409023
TI  - Specific effects of punishment on biogenic monoamine turnover in discrete rat
      brain regions.
AB  - Specific effects of punishment on the turnover rates of norepinephrine, dopamine
      and serotonin (5-HT) in brain regions were investigated in rats exposed to
      punishment. Two yoked controls were also used in an attempt to separate the non
      specific effects of response rate, reinforcement density and direct effects of
      punisher (foot shock). Punished and unpunished littermate rats had similar
      response rates, and the reinforcement density was almost identical for both
      groups. A third group (yoked-shock rats) received food and shock independent of
      responding whenever these were given to the punished rats. When compared to the
      unpunished rats, changes in the monoamine turnover rates resulting from the
      punishment were similar to the effects of yoked-shock with respect to the
      direction of action in most cases (13 out of 17 changes). These changes may be
      related to non-specific effects of the shock. Four changes by the punishment were
      determined to be specific effects of the punishment since the yoked-shock had no
      effect or changed the turnover to the opposite direction. Among these, increase
      in 5-HT turnover rate in the frontal cortex (greater than 7-fold) was the largest
      change. These results and reported effects of drugs which act on serotonergic
      systems on the punished behavior suggest that the increase in 5-HT neuronal
      activity in the frontal cortex is involved in the behavioral suppression induced
      by the punishment.

PMID- 3409024
TI  - Angiotensin receptors at the spinal cardiovascular loci.
AB  - Intrathecal injection of graded doses of angiotensin elicited a significant, dose
      related rise in blood pressure without affecting heart rate. Tachyphylaxis
      appeared with repeated intrathecal injections but intravenous angiotensin could
      elicit pressor effects at this stage. Intrathecal administration of saralasin per
      se, did not affect resting heart rate or blood pressure. However, pretreatment
      with saralasin completely antagonized the intrathecal angiotensin-induced rise in
      blood pressure without significantly altering the effect of intravenous
      angiotensin. A facilitatory role for blood pressure regulation is suggested for
      the angiotensin receptors at the spinal cardiovascular loci.

PMID- 3409025
TI  - The phase-shifting effects of pentobarbital on the circadian rhythm of locomotor
      activity in the mouse: strain differences.
AB  - The phase response curves (PRCs) generated by pentobarbital injections (30 mg/kg)
      were obtained in SK and C57BL mice. Pentobarbital injections induced both advance
      and delay phase-shifts in the circadian rhythm of locomotor activity in SK mice
      but no phase-shifts were observed at any circadian time (CT) for pentobarbital
      injections in C57BL mice. The observation that a higher dose of pentobarbital (80
      mg/kg) does not induce phase-shifting in C57BL mice has indicated that the
      differences in phase-shifting effects of pentobarbital are not quantitative but
      qualitative. These strains may be useful for studying the neurochemical
      regulation of the mammalian circadian rhythm.

PMID- 3409026
TI  - Morphology of ganglion cells which project to the dorsal lateral geniculate and
      superior colliculus in the ground squirrel.
AB  - We wished to determine whether retinal ganglion cells that have axons terminating
      in the dorsal lateral geniculate and/or the superior colliculus have specific
      sizes of somata, comprising only part of the entire size range of ganglion cell
      somata. If so, then perhaps the specific functional types described by Michael
      might be associated with morphological types based on soma size. HRP was injected
      into either the superior colliculus (SC) or dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus
      (LGd) of thirteen-lined ground squirrels. Soma diameter of labeled ganglion cells
      was measured and the relation between cell size and frequency determined. After
      SC injections HRP-filled cells were mostly small and medium-sized. They ranged in
      diameter from 3 to 14 microns and the mean diameter of labeled neurons was 7.35
      microns. Cells labeled after SC injections were often distributed as doublets or
      triplets in the retina. After LGD injections the majority of labeled cells were
      medium and large-sized. They ranged from 4 to 18 microns in diameter with a mean
      of 9.1 microns and were more regularly spaced within the retinal region of
      labeled cells. Thus, the present results provide reason to believe that
      functional classes of ganglion cells in ground squirrels may be correlated with
      particular morphological types.

PMID- 3409027
TI  - Properties of feline thalamic neurons activated by stimulation of the middle
      meningeal artery and sagittal sinus.
AB  - Previous studies have identified a population of neurons in the cat trigeminal
      brainstem complex that respond to stimulation of the middle meningeal artery
      (MMA) and/or superior sagittal sinus (SS). In the present study, neuronal
      responses to stimulation of the MMA and SS were sought in the thalamus of the
      cat. Sixty-one neurons excited by electrical stimulation of the MMA and/or SS
      were located in the ventroposteromedial (VPM) nucleus, and surrounding regions in
      lateral thalamus. Of these 61 neurons, 23% were excited only by MMA stimulation,
      39% only by SS stimulation and 38% by both MMA and SS stimulation. The latencies
      to activation from MMA and/or SS stimulation suggest the involvement of small,
      myelinated primary afferent fibers. Most neurons (48/61) responded to electrical
      stimulation of the MMA or SS with a burst of 2-5 spikes. Mechanical stimulation
      of the MMA and SS was also an effective stimulus and in some cases evoked a burst
      response. Of the neurons tested for the existence of orofacial inputs, all were
      found to have an excitatory receptive field (RF) on the face and usually (22/26
      neurons) involved the ophthalmic distribution. Twelve of these neurons were
      excited by a tap stimulus applied to the face, 6 by pinching (nociceptive
      specific), 6 by low-threshold mechanical stimuli (LTM), one by both pinch and low
      threshold stimuli and one by mechanical stimulation of the cornea. The firing
      properties, RF and modalities of these thalamic neurons suggest that they may
      play a role in the appreciation of pain of cerebrovascular origin.

PMID- 3409028
TI  - Cardiovascular significance of neuropeptide Y in the caudal ventrolateral medulla
      of the rat.
AB  - The cardiovascular effects of intracisternal and intraparenchymal injection of
      neuropeptide Y (NPY) into the caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM) were
      investigated in anaesthetized normotensive rats. Intracisternal administration of
      1.25 nmol NPY gave rise to a significant fall in blood pressure and heart rate,
      maximal 1 h postinjection. More localized microinjections of NPY into the CVLM
      similarly produced dose-dependent falls in blood pressure and heart rate. The
      bradycardia was significantly reduced or abolished by cardiac vagal blockade
      induced by: (1) pretreatment with the peripheral muscarinic antagonist
      methylatropine; or (2) ipsilateral vagotomy. These procedures also gave rise to a
      small reduction in the hypotensive response to NPY but the remaining component of
      the response was still significantly different from control, saline responses
      which were without significant haemodynamic effects. The results of this study
      provide further evidence for a central role for NPY in cardiovascular control. In
      the CVLM NPY responses appear to involve at least two different mechanisms: the
      fall in heart rate results from activation of cardiac vagal neurons in the
      nucleus ambiguus. The hypotensive response is more complex. The fall in blood
      pressure may be due in part to an activation of A1 noradrenergic neurons
      resulting in reduced sympathetic outflow but a small component of the response is
      a result of the profound slowing of the heart.

PMID- 3409030
TI  - Autoradiographic analysis of [3H]desmethylimipramine binding in the human brain
      postmortem.
AB  - In vitro quantitative autoradiography of high-affinity [3H]desmethylimipramine
      (DMI) binding sites was performed on 24 human brains postmortem. Highest
      densities of binding sites were found in portions of the amygdala, the granular
      layer of the dentate gyrus, the pyramidal layer of CA4. Next, in descending order
      were other portions of the hippocampus and amygdala, the head of the caudate
      nucleus, putamen, hypothalamus, insular cortex, prefrontal cortex, parietal,
      frontal and temporal cortex, anterior, medial and posterolateral nuclei of the
      thalamus. Lowest densities, hardly above background, were found in the two
      divisions of the globus pallidus, the centromedian, ventrolateral and
      posteroventral lateral nuclei of the thalamus, substantia nigra, red nucleus and
      white matter. Specific high-affinity [3H]DMI binding was not affected by age, sex
      and suicide in any of the regions studied. It was negatively correlated with
      postmortem delay in several regions.

PMID- 3409029
TI  - Calcium-sensitive recovery of extracellular potassium and synaptic transmission
      in rat hippocampal slices exposed to brief anoxia.
AB  - We examined the possibility that Ca2+-sensitive inhibition of synaptic
      transmission following anoxia involves compromise of ion transport activity. Rat
      hippocampal slices were superfused with artificial cerebrospinal fluids
      containing different concentrations of CaCl2, and subjected to short anoxia.
      Durations of anoxia were sufficient to provoke anoxic depolarization, indicated
      by a sudden rise in extracellular K+ (K+o). Following anoxia, apparent K+
      transport was assessed by measuring the magnitude of subnormal K+o (the K+o
      undershoot) in hippocampal region CA1. Recovery of synaptic transmission 1 h
      after anoxia was determined by evaluation of the magnitudes of the
      orthodromically stimulated population spike recorded from CA1 pyramidal cells.
      K+o undershoots and recovery of synaptic transmission decreased as CaCl2 or the
      duration of anoxic depolarization increased. These data suggest: (1) that
      increased artificial cerebrospinal fluid CaCl2 compromised K+ reaccumulation
      after anoxia; and (2) that ion transport dysfunction may inhibit recovery of
      synaptic transmission.

PMID- 3409031
TI  - Auditory spatial sensitivity of inferior collicular neurons of echolocating bats.
AB  - The sensitivity of 94 inferior collicular (IC) neurons of Eptesicus fuscus and
      Myotis lucifugus to spatial location of the acoustic stimulus were studied under
      free-field stimulus conditions. The best frequency (BF) and minimum threshold
      (MT) of each neuron were determined with sound delivered in front of the bat.
      Then the variation in discharge rate of the neuron was measured with a BF sound
      broadcast from a moving loudspeaker at different angular positions along the
      horizontal, vertical or diagonal plane of the frontal auditory space. A wide
      range of stimulus intensities above the MT of the neuron was used. Neurons were
      classified into 3 classes on the basis of their spatial sensitivity: (1)
      omnisensitive neurons (15%) were broadly tuned to sound delivered in the frontal
      auditory space and their responses did not show any correlation with sound
      location; (2) stimulus intensity-dependent neurons (28%) varied their discharge
      rates with sound location and intensity so that the peak of their spatial
      response profiles also varied with stimulus intensity; and (3) stimulus intensity
      independent neurons (57%) varied their discharge rates only with sound location
      over a wide range of stimulus intensities so that their peak discharge always
      appeared at the same or a small range of angle. In most cases, the medial limbs
      of the spatial sensitivity curve for these neurons were extremely sharp and
      congruent. By moving the loudspeaker along the horizontal, vertical and diagonal
      planes, it was possible to approximate the boundary of the spatial response area
      of a neuron. Most IC neurons responded to sound delivered within 20 degrees
      ipsilateral, 60 degrees contralateral, 45 degrees up and 40 degrees down of the
      frontal auditory space, confirming previous similar studies. In general, an
      increasing stimulus repetition rate appeared to sharpen the spatial sensitivity
      curve of a neuron. Conversely, an increasing moving velocity of the stimulus
      decreased its response. The possible role of these 3 classes of neurons in
      echolocation and neural mechanisms underlying the spatial sensitivity of these
      neurons is discussed.

PMID- 3409032
TI  - Toxicity of L-proline toward rat hippocampal neurons.
AB  - Intrahippocampal injections of L-proline, a neutral amino acid excitant, non
      selectively destroyed pyramidal and granule cells. Co-administration of equimolar
      kynurenate, an excitatory amino acid antagonist, markedly reduced the extent of
      neuronal cell death. L-Proline destroyed far more hippocampal neurons than D
      proline, in keeping with its greater neuroexcitatory potency. L-Proline must
      therefore be added to the list of excitotoxins present in brain. Its excitotoxic
      action may be related to the neurological and cognitive deficits associated with
      hyperprolinemia.

PMID- 3409033
TI  - Convergent afferent inputs to neurones in nucleus paragigantocellularis lateralis
      in the cat.
AB  - Neuronal activity was recorded in nucleus paragigantocellularis lateralis (PGL)
      of the cat in response to stimulation of the dorsal periaqueductal grey matter
      (dPAG), parabrachial nucleus (PBN) nucleus raphe magnus (NRM), and nucleus
      tractus solitarii (NTS). Stimulation in dPAG or PBN evoked excitatory responses
      whilst the prevalent response to stimulation in NRM or NTS was inhibition of
      neuronal activity. 45/55 (82%) of cells tested received convergent inputs from 2
      or more sites of stimulation. These findings are discussed in relation to the
      role of PGL in cardiovascular control and descending control of noxious input.

PMID- 3409034
TI  - Recurrent inhibition in the cat distal forelimb.
AB  - The pattern of recurrent pathways from motor axon collaterals to motoneurones has
      been investigated in the spinal cord of anaesthetized cats with intracellular
      techniques. Only recurrent inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (RIPSPs) were
      observed so far. They were very pronounced between the mechanical synergists
      acting at the elbow. The triceps muscles received substantial effects also from
      the extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU) and from palmar-located medialis (M) and ulnaris
      (Ul) muscles. The effects were much smaller in the motor nuclei acting on the
      wrist (ECU, EC radialis (ECR]. The motor nuclei to the muscles acting on the
      phalanges (extensor digitorum communis and lateralis, extensor indicis proprius,
      and abductor pollicis longus (EDC, EDL, EIP, APL] neither received nor emitted
      any recurrent effects, which may indicate a lack of the recurrent system in these
      distal motor nuclei. A comparison of the recurrent pattern with the distribution
      of monosynaptic excitation from large muscles spindle afferents (Ia) shows that
      there is a partial overlap of both systems only at the elbow joint.

PMID- 3409035
TI  - Human fetal basal forebrain neurons grafted to the denervated rat hippocampus
      produce an organotypic cholinergic reinnervation pattern.
AB  - The septal/diagonal band (SDB) area, obtained from a 9- to 10-week-old aborted
      human fetus, was grafted to the hippocampal formation of adult, immunosuppressed
      rats subjected to an aspirative lesion of the fimbria-fornix. Nineteen weeks
      after transplantation, microscopical analysis revealed large, partly
      acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-positive grafts in the hippocampus in 3 of the 5
      recipients. The AChE-positive grafts gave rise to a reinnervation of the host
      hippocampus and an AChE-positive lamination of the different hippocampal
      subfields with the same characteristics as the normal septum-derived innervation.
      Immunological evaluation of host sera revealed that all rats were immunized by
      the graft. This indicates that grafted human cholinergic SDB neurons can respond
      to or interact with factors that regulate and guide the innervation of the rat
      hippocampus.

PMID- 3409036
TI  - Transient neurotensin in the human inferior olive during development.
AB  - A large number of transient neurotensin-immunoreactive nerve terminals are found
      in the human principal inferior olive of the medulla oblongata during the first
      year of age and almost completely disappear in the adult. Their neurotensin
      content is further characterized as neurotensin(1-13) using radioimmunoassay and
      gel filtration and reaches 582 pmol per gram wet weight at 6 months. Neurotensin
      nerve terminals are exclusively located in the principal olive and a dense bundle
      of neurotensin nerve fibers is also present in the central tegmental tract. Thus,
      these olivary neurotensin nerve terminals probably originate in mesencephalic
      neurons. In addition to its recognized role in neurotransmission or
      neuromodulation, neurotensin may thus also be implicated in the postnatal
      development of the human principal olive and indirectly in that of the
      neocerebellum.

PMID- 3409037
TI  - Calcium action potential in ON-OFF transient amacrine cell of the carp retina.
AB  - For accurate measurement of a reversal potential of a postsynaptic potential, it
      is essential to polarize a postsynaptic neuron uniformly at equipotential levels.
      So far as the conventional intracellular current injection is employed, uniform
      polarization cannot be achieved in such neurons as retinal amacrine cells which
      have extensive dendritic arborizations, and a reversal potential value is
      inevitably overestimated. In the present experiment, we employed a new technique;
      carp amacrine cells were polarized by a Ca2+-action potential produced in the
      cells themselves. To evoke the action potential, the retina was superfused with a
      Ringer solution containing tetraethylammonium chloride, and amacrine cells were
      depolarized either by intracellular or by extracellular electrical stimulation.
      The action potential appeared in a regenerative manner, and showed a
      refractoriness. In addition, Co2+ application suppressed the action potential,
      indicating its Ca2+-dependent nature. The Ca2+ action potential was more readily
      evoked or occurred even spontaneously in a solution containing high Ca2+, Ba2+
      and some K+-channel blockers. It showed an overshoot and its duration was several
      seconds. During the overshoot, the transient light responses appeared in
      reversed, hyperpolarizing polarity, and their reversal potentials were measured
      at -10 mV. Based on the above results, physiological roles of the Ca2+-channel
      are discussed. Our technique is promising for wide application to neurons in
      other nervous systems if the superfusion technique is available for preparations.

PMID- 3409038
TI  - Effects of dithiothreitol, a sulfhydryl reducing agent, on CA1 pyramidal cells of
      the guinea pig hippocampus in vitro.
AB  - The radioprotectant, dithiothreitol (DTT) has been shown to increase excitability
      in the hippocampal slice preparation. In the present study, intracellular
      recording techniques were used to further examine the actions of DTT.
      Electrophysiological recordings from CA1 pyramidal cells were obtained prior to,
      during and after DTT exposure. DTT caused a small depolarization without altering
      membrane resistance. DTT induced spontaneous firing and occasional burst firing
      in normally silent neurons. These effects were accompanied by a reduction in
      spike frequency adaptation but no change in the afterhyperpolarization following
      a train of action potentials. Following DTT exposure, orthodromic stimulation
      produced multiple firing. Subthreshold excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs)
      were significantly prolonged. Isolating the CA1 subfield, attenuated the
      prolongation of the EPSP by DTT. Recurrent inhibitory postsynaptic potentials
      were unaffected by DTT. The actions of DTT are likely to result from DTT-induced
      reduction of disulfide bonds since the reduced form of DTT does not cause a
      similar hyperexcitability.

PMID- 3409039
TI  - Distribution of GAD-immunoreactive neurons in the first (SI) and second (SII)
      somatosensory cortex of the monkey.
AB  - The distribution of neurons immunoreactive for glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD),
      the synthesizing enzyme of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), was examined in the
      first (SI) and second (SII) somatosensory cortex of monkeys. GAD-like
      immunoreactive (GAD-LI) somata and puncta were present in all layers of SI and
      SII. All GAD-LI somata were identified as non-pyramidal neurons and were most
      numerous in layer IV of SI and in layer III of SII. Layer IV of SI also contained
      the highest density of GAD-LI puncta. In SII, GAD-LI puncta were distributed more
      homogeneously and did not show a dense band of labelled puncta in layer IV. The
      major and minor diameters of GAD-LI somata in SII ranged from 6.9 to 26.2 micron
      and from 6.2 to 19.0 micron, respectively. The major diameters of GAD-LI somata
      in SII were significantly smaller than those in SI in layers I, III and IV.
      Differences between the distributions of GAD-LI puncta and somata in SI and SII
      may be accounted for by differences in the number and/or distribution of
      different types of GABAergic neurons. Functional differences of neurons in SI and
      SII may be related to the differences in GABAergic inhibitory mechanisms and
      reflected in the distribution of GABAergic neurons.

PMID- 3409040
TI  - Ontogeny of type I and type II corticosteroid receptors in the rat hippocampus.
AB  - The ontogeny of the corticoid receptors in the rat hippocampus was examined by in
      vitro [3H]corticosterone (CORT) binding to soluble molecules in the cytosol,
      using the selective Type II glucocorticoid agonist, RU 28362, to discriminate
      between Type I and Type II receptor sites. Type I receptors were undetectable
      until 8 days after birth. From this age on, the receptor showed adult
      characteristics for both the binding capacity (Bmax) and affinity (Kd). The Type
      II receptor concentration increased gradually over the observed period; however,
      at 3 weeks of age concentrations were still only about 65% those found in adults.
      The binding affinity of Type II to CORT was high during the first week of life
      but decreased thereafter towards adult value. These data thus suggest clear
      distinctions in the developmental patterns of Type I and Type II receptors for
      corticosteroids in the rat.

PMID- 3409041
TI  - Ontogeny of the type 2 glucocorticoid receptor in discrete rat brain regions: an
      immunocytochemical study.
AB  - The ontogeny of the Type 2 glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in the rat brain was
      examined using a monoclonal antibody raised against the rat liver GR. Marked
      changes both in the intensity and in the localization of GR immunoreactivity (GR
      ir) were found to occur as a function of age and brain area examined. First, GR
      ir was high perinatally and decreased to a low intensity of immunostaining around
      postnatal day 12 (pnd 12). Thereafter, GR-ir increased to a moderate intensity,
      which resembled adult levels by pnd 20 in most brain areas. Second, in some
      regions, such as the hippocampal CA3-4 pyramidal cell fields and the
      suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus, GR-ir was only clearly present
      during the first postnatal week. Third, in the hippocampus, GR-ir localization
      showed a distinctive developmental trend towards greater compactness within the
      CA1-2 pyramidal cell fields and a greater restriction of immunoreactive staining
      to these cell fields with exclusion of the adjoining areas. Fourth, adrenalectomy
      reduced overall GR-immunopositive staining, which could be reversed by
      administration of the selective glucocorticoid agonist, RU 28362. Our results
      suggest that during ontogeny the glucocorticoid receptor system displays
      considerable plasticity. Such plasticity may provide a basis for understanding
      the role of glucocorticoids during brain development.

PMID- 3409042
TI  - The effect of neonatal peripheral nerve section on the somadendritic growth of
      sensory projection cells in the rat spinal cord.
AB  - Sciatic nerve section and ligation on the day of birth results in marked growth
      retardation of the rat dorsal horn. This transneuronal effect was examined in
      spinal cord cells that project to the brain by retrograde labelling with HRP from
      contralateral dorso- and ventrolateral tracts in the thoracic white matter. HRP
      impregnated gel pellets were implanted in the tracts for 48-72 h to allow intense
      somadendritic staining of the projection cells. The results show that cells in
      rats whose sciatic nerve has been sectioned at birth have a mean somal area that
      is 40% smaller than controls. Primary dendrites are reduced from a mean of 4.1
      per cell to 3.1 per cell and secondary branching is reduced by 75%. The results
      suggest that there was no actual cell death, only growth retardation. An intact
      primary afferent input apparently has a strong transneuronal trophic influence on
      spinal cord sensory cells projecting to the brain.

PMID- 3409043
TI  - Stimulation of brain metabolism by perinatal cocaine exposure.
AB  - Cocaine was administered to neonatal rats between day 1 and day 10, which in the
      rat falls within a developmental stage roughly equivalent to the third trimester
      of gestation in human fetuses. At 60 days of age, when the animals had reached
      adulthood, cerebral glucose metabolic patterns were examined by quantitative
      autoradiography. Adult females, but not adult males, exhibited significant
      increases in metabolic activity in a number of cerebral structures, including
      those of the limbic, motor, and sensory systems. Many of these structures are the
      same as those which are excited in adult rats by the acute administration of
      cocaine and other stimulants. These data suggest that cocaine consumption during
      pregnancy may constitute a risk factor leading to long-term alterations in brain
      function in the adult.

PMID- 3409044
TI  - Met-enkephalin and Met-enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 immunofluorescence in the
      developing guinea-pig organ of Corti.
AB  - The immunofluorescence technique has been applied to the organ of Corti from
      developing guinea pigs to detect the immunoreactions to antibodies directed
      against Met-enkephalin and Met-enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8. Four stages of
      gestation were studied (30, 41, 50 and 62 days). On days 30 and 41 of gestation,
      no specific fluorescence to both antibodies was seen in the organ of Corti. On
      day 50, the inner spiral bundle and the tunnel spiral bundle, two areas
      displaying anti-enkephalin immunoreactivity in the adult, showed a specific
      immunofluorescence to either the anti-Met-enkephalin and the anti-Met-enkephalin
      Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 antibodies. On day 62, these two structures showed an
      immunofluorescence whose intensity was slightly increased compared with that seen
      on day 50. In no case, was an immunoreaction in the outer hair cell area seen.
      These results suggest that the enkephalins, which have been proposed as putative
      neurotransmitters or neuromodulators of neurons belonging to the lateral
      olivocochlear system, are present in the organ of Corti at about the time of
      onset of cochlear function. Thus, the enkephalin-containing lateral efferents may
      play a role in the early control of cochlear potentials.

PMID- 3409045
TI  - Early appearance of type II astrocytes in developing human fetal brain.
AB  - To compare rat and human glial development, we examined the cellular composition
      of human fetal brain in short-term cultures and fresh cell suspensions from fetal
      ages ranging from 7 to 16 weeks, utilizing the cell type-specific markers which
      define glial subsets in rats. Here we report that unlike the early rat central
      nervous system (CNS), 7-10 week human fetal brain contains mostly astrocytes that
      can be characterized as type II rather than type I. Type I astrocytes become more
      prevalent in 16-week gestational age human brain. Although cells morphologically
      and immunocytochemically similar to the rat 02-A cell are found in human fetal
      brain and spinal cord, these cells were not induced to express galactocerebroside
      in serum-free media and did not have vimentin-containing intermediate filaments
      as do rat 02-A cells. These results suggest that functional differences may exist
      between rat type I and type II astrocytes and phenotypically similar cells found
      in humans.

PMID- 3409046
TI  - Physiological and morphological changes in developing peripheral nerves of rat
      embryos.
AB  - Physiological and morphological properties of intercostal nerves were studied in
      rat embryos of 13-21 days of gestation (birth is at 21-22 days). Rat intercostal
      nerves emerged from the spinal cord at day 13 of gestation when they were
      surrounded by a few Schwann cells. The nerve bundles contained growth cones, and
      large and small diameter unmyelinated profiles. At 13-17 days of gestation, large
      diameter profiles and irregularly shaped growth cones made up a significant
      portion of the axon population in intercostal nerves. At day 13 electrical
      stimulation of the nerve evoked action potentials. Thus, intercostal nerves are
      excitable at day 13 in utero, prior to the formation of functional nerve-muscle
      contacts (day 14-15). A functional nerve-muscle junction is, therefore, not a
      prerequisite for conduction of action potentials. From the onset of excitability
      Na+ was the major carrier of the action potential inward current, but there was
      also a small Ca2+ current that lasted until 18 days of gestation. At 17-18 days
      of gestation, Schwann cell proliferation and extension of Schwann cell cytoplasm
      into the nerve subdivided it into numerous smaller bundles. Axons located in the
      periphery of many bundles were wrapped by Schwann cell cytoplasm and were
      probably the first ones to become myelinated. During the same period
      extracellularly recorded action potentials consisted of multiple negative peaks,
      and conduction velocity increased about 2-fold. Myelination began at day 22 and
      was completed within 3 weeks after birth when the ratio of myelinated-to
      unmyelinated axons reached its adult value.

PMID- 3409047
TI  - Experience during suckling increases weight and volume of rat hippocampus.
AB  - Changes in brain anatomy resulting from early suckling experience were explored
      by measuring wet weight of whole brain, cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum in
      juvenile rats. Rats provided with ample opportunity to nipple-shift, a behavior
      associated with enhanced maze learning, had much larger hippocampal mass than
      rats whose nipple-shifting experience had been restricted. No differences were
      observed in the other areas measured. This effect of experience was confirmed by
      histological measurement of hippocampus volume following differential rearing.

PMID- 3409048
TI  - The alpha-tubulin of the growth cone is predominantly in the tyrosinated form.
AB  - Growth cone cytoskeletons were prepared by detergent extraction of growth cones
      isolated from neonatal rat forebrain by the method of Gordon-Weeks and Lockerbie
      (Neuroscience, 13 (1984) 119-136). SDS-PAGE analysis of growth cone cytoskeletons
      revealed the presence of several major bands, identified by their mobility as
      actin (43 kDa Mr), myosin heavy chain (195 kDa Mr), spectrin (235 and 240 kDa
      Mr), and tubulin (51-54 kDa Mr). The identity of these proteins was confirmed by
      immunoblot analysis using specific antibodies to these proteins which further
      revealed that the predominant form of alpha-tubulin in the growth cone
      cytoskeleton and in the soluble pool of tubulin is tyrosinated at the C-terminal.

PMID- 3409049
TI  - Electron microscopy of plasticity in rat olfactory cortex.
AB  - Electron microscopy (EM) is being used to study the ultrastructural basis for the
      age-dependent reorganization of afferents in the olfactory cortex (OC) of rat
      after deafferentation of the area by removal of the ipsilateral olfactory bulb
      (OB). The double-lesion technique was used with a primary lesion of the OB at
      various postnatal (PN) ages between PN 0 and 30 and in the adult (PN 100). After
      appropriate survival times to remove initial lesion-degenerated terminals from
      the OB lesion, a second lesion was placed in the ipsilateral OC. One to 3 days
      later the tissue is prepared for EM with emphasis on a study of changes in the
      superficial and deep dendritic layer (Ia and Ib respectively) rostral to the
      lesion. In control litter mates with both OBs intact, but with a single OC lesion
      only, degenerating synaptic terminals occur onto dendritic spines and branches
      only in deeper Ib. However, in adults with OB lesions at PN 0-9, OC lesions
      produce degenerating terminals throughout Ia and Ib including immediately
      subjacent to the pia. In Ia degenerating terminals are greatly reduced in the PN
      13 group and rare to absent in experiments with OB lesions at older ages (PN 30
      100). Electron-dense debris within glia occurs throughout layer I in each double
      lesion group but is greatest in experiments with OB lesions at older ages. Some
      transsynaptic alterations are seen throughout, especially in the PN 30-100 group
      even at a distance from the OC lesion. The results support earlier light
      microscopic (LM) findings, suggesting PN 9-13 as critical ages for developmental
      plasticity and prove that at least in the younger ages, synapses are involved in
      the phenomenon. This may be explained by either reinnervation of deafferented
      sites or persistence of synapses that would otherwise have been eliminated by
      afferents from the OB. In addition, some of the LM degeneration particles
      probably are engulfed masses of debris and not synaptic structures, especially in
      cases which were operated at older ages and survived for 3 days. The various
      afferent pathways involved in the events as well as factors that limit the
      phenomenon in older ages are discussed.

PMID- 3409050
TI  - The hypothalamus: selected topics. Satellite symposium, Second World Congress of
      Neuroscience. Budapest, Hungary, August 12-14, 1987. Proceedings.

PMID- 3409051
TI  - Slice cultures of rat hypothalamus examined by immunohistochemical staining for
      neurohypophyseal peptides and GFAP.
AB  - Organotypic cultures were prepared from slices of neonatal rat hypothalami and
      were immunohistochemically stained for the neurohypophyseal peptides vasopressin
      and oxytocin, their associated neurophysins, and for glial fibrillary acidic
      protein (GFAP). Both glial and neural elements survived and matured within the
      cultures, expressing cellular morphologies and retaining a topographic
      organization similar to that found in vivo. Neurones producing peptides were
      readily identified and such peptidergic neurones elaborated processes with an
      appearance characteristic of beaded axons. These presumptive axons grew in a
      selective and specific manner over certain regions in the slice cultures while
      avoiding other regions in a manner similar to that found in vivo. In cocultures
      of hypothalamus and neurointermediate lobe tissue, peptidergic axons found and
      grew over the neurointermediate lobe tissue and elaborated extensive terminal
      arborizations. Thus, it appears that at least some of the cues used for
      appropriate axonal guidance are maintained in these cultures. Organotypic
      cultures retain many in vivo characteristics as regards cellular morphology and
      cellular interactions, yet provide an in vitro environment useful for the study
      of morphology, physiology, cell biology and neurone-target interaction of
      hypothalamic neurones.

PMID- 3409052
TI  - Stimulus-related changes in the dendrites of magnocellular neurones.
AB  - A Golgi-Cox study was undertaken to determine whether enhanced electrical
      activity was associated with any morphological changes in the dendrites of the
      magnocellular neurones in the hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus. Brattleboro rats,
      animals dehydrated by administration of 2% sodium chloride solution instead of
      drinking water and animals given 1% sodium chloride solution and deoxycortone to
      induce vasopressin-dependent hypertension were compared with controls. In each of
      the stimulated groups, the cell bodies were hypertrophied implying that the
      stimuli were effective. Dendritic span (the area of a triangle drawn round, and
      containing the entire Golgi-stained dendritic tree) was significantly increased
      (p less than 0.01) in Brattleboro rats but was decreased by sodium chloride
      induced dehydration (p less than 0.01). Deoxycortone treatment reversed the
      reduction induced by dehydration. Hippocampal cells showed no significant
      differences. Thus, the cells of the magnocellular system rapidly alter their
      morphology when stimulated but the changes are more complex than a simple
      hypertrophy associated with enhanced activity.

PMID- 3409053
TI  - In situ hybridization histochemistry with oxytocin synthetic oligonucleotide:
      strategy for making the probe and its application.
AB  - A 25 mer synthetic oligonucleotide, complementary to a specific region of the
      oxytocin-neurophysin preprohormone messenger RNA (mRNA), was designed for its
      application to in situ hybridization histochemistry. The probe was 3'-end labeled
      with [3H] deoxycytidine triphosphate (dCTP) by using terminal deoxynucleotidyl
      transferase, and hybridization of the labeled probe to the mRNA in the rat
      hypothalamus was visualized autoradiographically. Hybridization products were
      specifically localized in the dorsal part of the supraoptic nucleus and the
      peripheral part of the paraventricular nucleus. Not only is the oligomer designed
      useful for distinguishing oxytocin from vasopressin gene expressing neurons, but
      also it is proving useful for studies of estrogen-progesterone effects on neurons
      in the paraventricular nucleus. Thus, these results indicate that in situ
      hybridization histochemistry with synthetic oligonucleotide can be a valuable
      approach to measuring gene expression in hypothalamic neuroendocrine cells.

PMID- 3409054
TI  - Hypophysiotrophic function of vasopressin and oxytocin.
AB  - We have investigated the effects of lesioning the hypothalamic paraventricular
      nucleus (PVN) on the secretion of two corticotropin-releasing neurohormones,
      vasopressin (VP) and oxytocin (OT), at the median eminence. The experimental
      model was the median eminence incubated in vitro, the secretion of neurohormones
      was stimulated by adding 48 mM KCl to the incubation medium. In addition,
      immunohistochemical staining was performed to correlate the changes in
      neuropeptide secretion with the distribution of VP and OT immunoreactive elements
      in the median eminence. Lesioning of the PVN abolished the KCl-induced release of
      VP 1 week after hypothalamic surgery. After a longer period of postoperative
      survival (6 weeks), VP release was restored towards normal. The secretion of OT
      was reduced by 50% at 1 week after lesioning and rose to 400% of control at six
      weeks. The changes in VP and OT release at the median eminence largely correlated
      with the immunohistochemical distribution of VP and OT immunopositive nerve
      fibers in the external zone of the median eminence. Most importantly, 6 weeks
      after the PVN lesion a dense network of OT immunoreactive varicosities was
      observed around primary portal capillaries, where normally OT fiber density is
      very low. These results demonstrate the functional and structural plasticity of
      VP- and OT-ergic neuronal systems that project to the median eminence.
      Furthermore, when taken together with earlier studies on the regulation of
      corticotropin secretion in long-term PVN-lesioned rats, the data indicate an
      important role for OT in the regulation of pituitary-adrenocortical function in
      PVN-lesioned rats.

PMID- 3409055
TI  - A role of central oxytocin in autonomic functions: its action in the motor
      nucleus of the vagus nerve.
AB  - Neurones located in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve were shown, in
      slices from the rat brainstem, to respond to oxytocin by a concentration
      dependent increase in rate of firing. A newly available oxytocin antagonist
      suppressed the excitatory effect of oxytocin on single neurones; this antagonism
      was partially reversible. Further evidence that neurones located in the dorsal
      motor nucleus of the vagus nerve possess oxytocin receptors was obtained from in
      vitro light microscopical autoradiography using [125I]-labelled oxytocin
      antagonist. In conjunction with data by others which showed that oxytocin
      antagonist microinjected into the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve blocks
      gastric and cardiac effects caused by stimulation of the hypothalamic
      paraventricular nucleus, our results suggest a role for central oxytocin in
      autonomic efferent activity.

PMID- 3409056
TI  - Reduced cardiac vagal excitability in hyperthyroidism.
AB  - A great deal of uncertainty persists regarding the exact nature of the
      interaction between autonomic nervous activity and thyroid hormones in the
      control of heart rate. In the present work we investigated whether reduced vagal
      influence could contribute to the tachycardia in hyperthyroidism. Vagal
      excitability was studied in ten hyperthyroid patients. Prolongation of R-R
      interval in response to carotid baroreceptor stimulation by neck suction was
      found to be less in the hyperthyroid state compared to the control state after
      therapy. The extent of nocturnal bradycardia and the vagal excitatory response to
      the central effect of low dose atropin was significantly reduced in hyperthyroid
      patients compared to euthyroid controls. We concluded that in the hyperthyroid
      state cardiac vagal motoneurones were in low excitability state, and speculated
      that the inhibition might have resulted from thyroid hormone action on CNS
      structures integrating autonomic function and behaviour.

PMID- 3409057
TI  - Olfactory and visceral projections to the paraventricular nucleus.
AB  - Electrophysiological studies were performed to determine if neurons of the
      paraventricular nucleus (PVN) which receive inputs from the stomach via vagal
      afferents also respond to nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) and olfactory bulb
      (OB) stimulation. We found that the NTS, OB stimulation, and gastric distension
      depress the firing frequency of PVN neurons. The pathway from the NTS to the PVN
      contains larger fibers than the projection from the PVN to the NTS.

PMID- 3409058
TI  - Thermal, osmotic and chemical modulation of neural activity in the
      paraventricular nucleus: in vitro studies.
AB  - To investigate the functions of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) which plays an
      important role as an integration site for the neuroendocrine and autonomic
      nervous systems, the firing activity of PVN neurons was recorded from
      hypothalamic slice preparations during thermal, osmotic and chemical stimulation.
      Neurons responded to environmental factors such as temperature and osmolarity and
      both warm-responsive and cold-responsive neurons were observed in the PVN. Some
      PVN neurons were also osmoresponsive and unlike neurons in the supraoptic
      nucleus, most osmoresponsive PVN neurons decreased their firing rate during
      hyperosmotic stimulation. One of the classical transmitters, noradrenaline,
      exerted excitatory effects on PVN neurons through alpha 1- and beta-receptors and
      inhibitory responses through alpha 2-receptors. Atrial natriuretic polypeptide
      exerted inhibitory effects on putative parvocellular PVN neurons but it had no
      effect on putative magnocellular PVN neurons. An endogenous sugar derivative, 2
      deoxytetronic acid, thought to be an endogenous satiety factor, elicited
      inhibitory effects, supporting the possibility that the PVN also may be related
      to feeding behaviour. Arginine-vasopressin and oxytocin which are synthesised in
      the magnocellular neurosecretory cells excited PVN neurons, suggesting that the
      PVN may have short circuits modulating neural activity within the nucleus itself.
      We conclude that neurons in the PVN may receive multiple information and act as
      one of the important integrative sites in the brain.

PMID- 3409059
TI  - Central control of sexual behavior.
AB  - Neuronal activity changes in the medial preoptic area (MPOA) of the male monkey
      were related to the commencement of sexual behavior, penile erection and the
      refractory period following ejaculation. Similarly, changes in the female MPOA
      were related to the commencement of sexual behavior and presentation. Increased
      neuronal activity in the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMH) in the male
      monkey and in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH) in the female monkey
      was synchronized to each mating act. Stimulation study and neuronal activity
      recordings in the MPOA, DMH and VMH suggest involvement of MPOA neurons in sexual
      arousal, and of male DMH and female VMH neurons in the copulatory act.
      Stimulation experiment on the various parts in the hypothalamus of the female
      monkey also supports the conclusion.

PMID- 3409060
TI  - Increase of multiple unit activity during slow wave sleep in the cat preoptic
      area.
AB  - Multiple unit activities (MUA) in 307 brainstem sites were recorded by
      chronically implanted electrodes in cats, using a polygraph with 4 channel MUA
      recording units. During transition from waking to slow wave sleep, at 15 sites
      including the medial preoptic area (11), the diagonal band of Broca (2) and
      medial anterior hypothalamic area (2), consistently earlier increase of MUA in
      discharge rate was observed, while MUA in other areas decreased. Also, at 13
      sites in these areas, a decrease in discharge rate was demonstrated during
      paradoxical sleep. These findings suggest a close relationship between the
      preoptic area and sleep mechanisms, supporting a notion that an active site for
      induction of slow wave sleep may reside in the preoptic area.

PMID- 3409061
TI  - [Changes in the values of immunologic indicators in the blood of healthy persons
      after administration of the preparation Norga--normal human immunoglobulin].

PMID- 3409063
TI  - [Complement genetics].

PMID- 3409062
TI  - [Hemolysins of Staphylococcus aureus and their significance in diagnosis].

PMID- 3409064
TI  - [The origin, differentiation and tissue distribution of NK cells].

PMID- 3409065
TI  - [Distant metastases of malignant tumors of the female genitalia].

PMID- 3409066
TI  - Effect of age and physiological status on sperm storage 24 hours after artificial
      insemination in broiler breeder hens.
AB  - 1. Uterovaginal junction (UVJ) tissues were collected 24 h after artificial
      insemination (AI) from 85- and 125-week-old broiler breeder hens in three
      physiological states: laying hard shell eggs (HS), laying shell-less eggs (SL)
      and non-laying (NL). This was confirmed by egg production records and visual
      appraisal of the oviduct at the time of necropsy. 2. Three longitudinal sections
      of each UVJ were evaluated microscopically and sperm host glands (SHG) were
      scored in 5 categories: glandular morphology evident but not lumen present,
      basophilic stained epithelium and no spermatoza present, glands that contained
      one to five spermatozoa; glands that contained 6 to 20 spermatozoa and glands
      that contained more than 20 spermatozoa. 3. Laying hens (HS and SL) at 85 weeks
      of age had significantly more sperm host glands (SHG) containing spermatozoa than
      NL hens. At 125 weeks of age HS and SL hens had significantly more unscorable
      glands. 4. The only category that showed no difference between age and
      physiological status group was the empty category. No significant differences
      were observed for any gland category in 82- and 125-week-old NL hens. 5. A
      greater proportion of the 85-week-old group of HS and SL hens had more SHG
      containing spermatozoa and fewer unscorable glands that the 125-week-old birds.
      The only category that showed any difference within the SL group was the low
      category.

PMID- 3409067
TI  - Relationship between fertility duration and in vivo sperm storage in broiler
      breeder hens.
AB  - 1. Seventy Hubbard hens, 75 weeks of age, were divided into groups containing
      equal numbers of hens on the basis of duration of fertility. Average fertile
      periods were 14.5 d (long, L) and 6.9 d (short, S). Each hen was artificially
      inseminated (AI) on three consecutive days with an average of 1.61 X 10(9)/0.05
      ml spermatozoa per insemination. Seven hens from each group were killed 1, 3, 6,
      9, and 13 d after insemination. 2. Three longitudinal sections of uterovaginal
      junction were evaluated microscopically for spermatozoal storage capacity by
      assigning each sperm host gland (SHG) to one of 5 categories: unscorable, empty,
      one to 5 spermatozoa, 6 to 20 spermatozoa and greater than 20 spermatozoa. 3. The
      only significant difference in sperm storage at any time between the L and S
      duration groups occurred at day 1 after AI, when L duration hens possessed
      significantly more glands with more than 20 spermatozoa. 4. One day after AI the
      proportion of SHG containing sperm were 28.8% (L group) and 18.6% (S group).
      There was a significant decrease in the number of glands containing 1 to 5, 6 to
      20 and greater than 20 spermatozoa between days 1 to 3 in both groups. 5. Numbers
      of glands in all categories containing sperm decreased throughout the 13-d
      period. The L duration group possessed 18.5% more glands with 1 to 5, 6 to 20 and
      greater than 20 spermatozoa than the S duration group. 6. There were no
      significant differences between groups in the proportion of unscorable or empty
      glands throughout, which ranged from 35.9 to 56.8% and 36.3 to 47.1%,
      respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3409068
TI  - Model for the prediction of mean time of oviposition for hens kept in different
      light and dark cycles.
AB  - 1. Evidence from 26 short-term experiments with laying fowls has been analysed to
      determine the relationship between onset of darkness and mean time of oviposition
      for light-dark cycles ranging from 21 h to 30 h incorporating various dark
      periods from 5 h up to 23 h. 2. When the light-dark cycle is equal to or longer
      than 24 h, mean time of lay (H) in hours from onset of darkness is predicted by
      the equation: H = 64.62-2.161C + 0.268S, where C = cycle length (h) and S =
      scotoperiod (h) (multiple correlation coefficient = 0.977). 3. For light-dark
      cycles shorter than 24 h, the best equation found was: H = -4.97 + 0.740C +
      4.482S - 0.175CS (multiple correlation coefficient = 0.981). 4. The meaning of
      these equations in relation to events in the ovulation cycle of the fowl is
      discussed.

PMID- 3409069
TI  - Effects of age and of early lighting on ovarian function in breeding turkeys.
AB  - 1. Yellow follicle numbers and production of defective egg shells were greater in
      the early part of the laying period in conventionally-reared turkeys
      photostimulated at 24 rather than 30 weeks of age. 2. The number of yellow
      follicles declined with age and were similar in both groups at 40 weeks of age.
      3. At 55 weeks of age more birds photostimulated at 24 weeks were out of lay and
      birds in lay had fewer yellow follicles and more atresia compared with turkeys
      photostimulated at 30 weeks of age. 4. The numbers of white follicles in the 1 to
      less than 2 mm size were similar in the two groups at each age. The proportion of
      white follicles which were atretic was negatively related to the number of yellow
      follicles, particularly in follicles 5 to less than 8 mm diameter.

PMID- 3409070
TI  - Energy expenditure and physical activity in domestic fowl kept on standard and
      interrupted lighting patterns.
AB  - 1. The energy expenditure (H) and physical activity of laying hens were measured
      under lighting regimes of 14L:10D (standard), 2L:10D:2L:10D (interrupted) and (15
      X (13 min L:47 min D]: 9D (fragmented). 2. Neither of the intermittent regimes
      produced a significant change in total daily energy expenditure, although large
      alterations occurred in the distribution of H between the lighting phases. The
      absence of change in total H resulted from the combined effects of greater H in
      the light in the intermittent regimes, greater H in darkness during the
      interrupted day than at night and slightly greater H at night in the intermittent
      regimes. 3. Physical activity count, like H, was redistributed over time but,
      unlike H, was also significantly reduced in total; changes in the energy cost of
      unit activity, however, were such that no reduction occurred in the total amount
      of H attributable to activity. 4. In the standard groups, 90% of total activity
      costs were incurred in the light; in the fragmented-day and interrupted-day
      groups, respectively, 7% and 55% of total activity costs were incurred in the
      light periods and 85% and 30% in daytime darkness. 5. In terms of both H and
      activity, there was clear differentiation between night darkness and subjective
      day darkness. 6. Even when the energy cost of activity was excluded, significant
      differences remained between H at night, H in the light and H in daytime
      darkness.

PMID- 3409071
TI  - Mast cells in the ovary of Gallus gallus domesticus.
AB  - 1. Histamine or mast cells are involved in mammalian ovary function. Their role
      in the avian ovary is not known. In the present study mast cell distribution in
      the ovary of the domestic fowl was studied. 2. Mast cells were distributed
      throughout the ovary, both in the stroma of medullary and cortical regions as
      well as in the thecae of normal and atretic follicles. In the stroma, mast cells
      were especially abundant in the area just below the germinal epithelium (GE) and
      followed the contours of the GE. 3. In the follicles, mast cells were more
      obvious in the thecae of small non-yolky follicles, whereas they were compressed
      and scattered in the larger yolky follicles. They were more frequently seen in
      the theca externa than in the theca interna and in their ultrastructure showed
      characteristic mast cell granules. 4. Some of the atretic follicles showed
      increased mast cells in their thecae. Postovulatory follicles had very few mast
      cells. 5. The possible role of the mast cells in the ovarian activity of domestic
      fowl is discussed.

PMID- 3409072
TI  - Selection with restriction in a poultry breeding scheme with different selection
      procedures in both sexes: direct responses.
AB  - 1. A selection experiment with two lines of White Leghorns originating from a
      common base population was carried out over 5 generations with the aims of
      maintaining an unchanged egg weight, reducing age at first egg and reducing adult
      body weight. Each line consisted of 14 male and 42 female breeders. 2. Males were
      mass selected for low body weight at 20 weeks of age. To compensate for the
      expected correlated loss in egg weight, hens were selected according to an index
      which counteracted this undesirable change while also reducing age at first egg
      and reducing body weight. 3. An index value was calculated for each individual
      hen from average egg weight, age at first egg and body weight at 20 weeks. Index
      weights had to be calculated for each generation and line in accordance with the
      expected change in egg weight due to male selection on body weight. 4. For
      control matings hens with an index near the population average were mated either
      to males with body weight near the population average (control C1) or to the
      selected males within lines (control C2). 5. Expected and observed total
      responses agreed well for all traits in line 1 and for body weight in line 2. 6.
      Phenotypic variances and covariances showed little change during the experiment.
      However, genetic variances and covariances estimated at the end of the experiment
      showed some differences, both between lines and compared to the parameters used
      for index construction.

PMID- 3409073
TI  - Comparison of the Cornell and Bio-mittent reduced lighting programmes for laying
      hens.
AB  - The Cornell (8L:10D:2L:4D) and (Ralston Purina) Biomittent lighting programmes
      were applied to a commercial strain of White Leghorn laying hens from 20 to 64
      weeks of age. 2. The egg production of hens exposed to the Cornell lighting was
      reduced compared to the Bio-mittent programme. 3. Food consumption was less and
      efficiency of utilisation significantly improved for the Cornell programme during
      phase I (20 to 36 weeks) of the study. Significant differences were not observed
      during phase II (37 to 64 weeks) or for the whole cycle (20 to 64 weeks). 4. Body
      weights were significantly greater for hens exposed to the Bio-mittent programme
      during both phases I and II. 5. Egg weights, egg mass and egg weight
      distributions were not different for hens exposed to the 2 programmes. 6. Food
      costs and the margin of income over food costs were significantly in favour of
      the Cornell programme during phase I. However, differences for phase II and the
      complete cycle were not significant. 7. The Bio-mittent programme offered a
      computed advantage of 14.4% fewer hours of light usage compared to the Cornell
      programme.

PMID- 3409074
TI  - Food availability and the feeding and drinking behaviour of broiler chickens
      grown commercially.
AB  - 1. Field observations were made on the effect of food depth in pans on the
      feeding and drinking behaviour of commercially grown broiler chickens aged
      between 17 and 43 d. 2. The group of birds receiving less food in pans had longer
      visits to the pans, occupied their feeding space more completely, evicted each
      other more often from pans and were more 'competitive' and less 'relaxed' when
      feeding. 3. These observations provide data about the feeding and drinking
      behaviour of broiler chickens reared in commercial conditions and emphasise how
      environmental factors, particularly food management, can influence bird
      behaviour. 4. The potential for qualitative and quantitative changes of feeding
      behaviour to affect performance is also discussed.

PMID- 3409075
TI  - Energy and nitrogen retention and loss in broiler chickens genetically selected
      for leanness and fatness.
AB  - 1. A breeding programme based on the assessment of the body fat content of
      broilers by measurement of plasma very low density lipoprotein concentration has
      resulted in 2 lines with significantly different body fat contents. 2. Energy and
      nitrogen intake and retention were measured in 63- to 70-d-old females from each
      line during 5-d periods of indirect chamber calorimetry. Results obtained by this
      technique were compared with results from a previously published growth trial
      incorporating carcase analysis at 49 d. 3. Body weight, metabolisable energy
      intake, heat production, energy retention and efficiency of energy retention did
      not differ significantly between the fat and lean lines. 4. The proportion of
      energy retained as crude protein and the efficiency of crude protein retention
      were significantly greater in the lean line. 5. In terms of whole-body energy and
      nitrogen exchanges, the essential difference between the lines was therefore in
      the partition of the same quantity of retained energy between fat and protein
      deposition. 6. The results were consistent with a higher rate of breakdown of
      amino acids in the fat line; because heat production did not also increase, a
      greater proportion of retained energy therefore became available for storage as
      fat.

PMID- 3409076
TI  - Influence of the gut microflora on fasting heat production in chicks.
AB  - 1. The influence of the gut microflora on fasting heat production in chicks was
      investigated. 2. Single Comb White Leghorn chicks were fed on an adequate diet
      from 2 to 12 d of age and then fasted for 3 d. Fasting heat production was
      estimated from changes in body composition and energy content of droppings from
      days 1 to 3 of fasting. Measurements of body temperature and plasma thyroxine
      concentration were also made. 3. Body fat content was consistently higher in germ
      free (GF) chicks than in conventional (CV) counterparts during the starvation
      period, whereas no difference was found in body protein content. The GF birds had
      a significantly higher body temperature than the CV controls with no change in
      plasma thyroxine concentration. 4. It was concluded that estimated fasting heat
      production of chicks was increased by the absence of the gut microflora.

PMID- 3409077
TI  - Food intake and abdominal adipose tissue in White Leghorn hens fed diets of
      different protein and energy concentrations.
AB  - 1. Single Comb White Leghorn hens of 2 ages (44 and 80 weeks) were fed diets of
      different energy (10.88, 12.13 or 13.39 MJ ME and 140 g protein/kg) or protein
      (120, 140, 160 or 180 g and 12.13 MJ ME/kg) concentration over an 8-week period.
      2. Food intake did not change with increasing concentrations of dietary protein.
      Protein intake was directly correlated with dietary protein concentration. 3.
      Energy intake increased with dietary energy concentration but, generally, failed
      to match the increases in dietary energy concentration. Energy, rather than
      protein, concentration was the major determinant of food intake. 4. Efficiency of
      energy utilisation decreased and mean adipocyte size increased with higher energy
      intake. 5. A bimodal adipocyte size distribution, consisting of a primary large
      size and a secondary small size population, was present in the abdominal fat pad
      of birds of both ages. There was no significant difference in the numbers of
      large adipocytes between the hens of the two ages. 6. The greater mean fat pad
      weight in the older hens was associated with increased mean cell volume in the
      population of large adipocytes.

PMID- 3409078
TI  - Experiments with the Cornell intermittent lighting system for laying hens.
AB  - 1. Two experiments were conducted to provide further evidence about rate of lay
      under the Cornell lighting system (2L:4D:8L:10D). Each used 1728 hens of each of
      2 brown-egg stocks in 12 light-proof rooms. 2. In the first the Cornell system
      was compared at 2 light intensities (average values 2 and 10 lux) with a
      conventional step up lighting programme. In the second, Cornell lighting was
      introduced at 18, 21 or 24 weeks of age and compared with a step up programme. 3.
      Total egg output was essentially the same from the Cornell lighting system, using
      10 h light/d, as from the step up programme using 16 h/d. When the Cornell system
      was applied abruptly at 18 weeks to pullets which had been reared on short days
      (8L:16D) sexual maturity was advanced, resulting in an increase in mean rate of
      lay to 72 weeks of age and a reduction in mean egg size. Application of the
      Cornell system from 21 or 24 weeks gave the same egg numbers and the same egg
      size as the step up programme. 4. Food intake was about 2% lower with the Cornell
      treatment in both experiments. Although this difference was not quite significant
      in either, it probably reflects a real effect of the reduced hours of light. It
      represents a greater potential cost saving than the reduced electricity
      consumption. 5. Birds in rooms with an average light intensity of 2 lux laid
      slightly fewer eggs but their eggs were 0.5 g heavier than those laid in rooms
      maintained at 10 lux. There were no interactions between light intensity and
      light pattern or between stocks and light pattern.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3409079
TI  - Experiments with the Bio-mittent lighting system for laying hens.
AB  - 1. Two experiments are described in which a system of intermittent lighting (15
      min light followed by 45 min dark for 15 h, then 15 min light, 30 min dark, 15
      min light and 8 h dark) was applied to laying pullets from 37 to 72 weeks of age.
      A step-up lighting programme was used as a control treatment (8L:16D from 0 to 18
      weeks, photoperiod increased by 20 min each week from 18 to 41 weeks, 16L:8D from
      41 to 72 weeks of age). 2. Food consumption was reduced by about 5% when
      intermittent lighting was in use and by 3.8% for the period from 18 to 72 weeks.
      3. Rate of lay and egg weight were similar for intermittent lighting and the
      control treatment, provided that protein content of the diet was adjusted to
      maintain an adequate amino acid intake. 4. In the second trial 2 stocks, 2
      stocking densities confounded with 2 temperatures and 2 types of food trough were
      used. Each of these factors affected food intake and it was found that more food
      was saved by intermittent lighting when intake was high and less when it was low.
      The proportion saved was approximately 5%. 5. Mortality was slightly but not
      significantly lower in both experiments where intermittent lighting was used.
      This may indicate that caged pullets are under less stress when intermittent
      lighting is used.

PMID- 3409080
TI  - Biochemical indicators of fatness in meat-type chickens: lack of correlation
      between lipoprotein lipase activity in post-heparin plasma and body fat.
AB  - 1. Possible relationships between fatness and lipoprotein lipase activity in
      adipose tissue and plasma from heparinised birds were examined in 7-week-old male
      and female broilers. 2. Total lipoprotein lipase activity in abdominal fat was
      significantly correlated (r = 0.5) with fat pad weight, but there was no
      correlation between specific activity of the enzyme and fat pad weight. 3.
      Lipoprotein lipase activity in post-heparin plasma showed no correlation with
      either abdominal fat or total body fat content. 4. The results indicate that
      measurements of lipoprotein lipase activity in biopsy samples or in post-heparin
      plasma are of no value in predicting the fat content of live birds.

PMID- 3409081
TI  - Rates of muscle protein breakdown in chickens selected for increased growth rate,
      food consumption or efficiency of food utilisation as assessed by N tau
      methylhistidine excretion.
AB  - 1. N tau-methylhistidine excretion, growth rate, food consumption and body
      composition was determined in 12 4 to 5 week old chickens sampled from each of 4
      lines selected for increased body-weight gain (line W), for increased food
      consumption (line F), for improved efficiency of food utilisation (line E) or at
      random (line C), after 12 generations of selection. 2. The use of N tau
      methylhistidine as an index of myofibrillar protein breakdown was validated in
      male and female chickens of lines E and F by following the fate of injected N tau
      (14CH3)methylhistidine. Most of the radioactivity (79.3 +/- 1.1%) was excreted in
      4 d, with the remainder retained in the carcase. In excreta, 94 +/- 2% of the
      radioactivity was associated with free N tau-methylhistidine and for the carcase,
      this value was 88 +/- 3%. 3. In the main experiment, final body weights averaged
      497, 651, 588 and 537 g and food: gain ratio averaged 2.47, 2.21, 3.14 and 2.06
      for lines C, W, F and E respectively, Carcase protein content (g/100 g body
      weight) was not different between the lines. 4. N tau-methylhistidine excretion
      was 5.86, 5.48, 6.43 and 4.99 mumoles/mole carcase-N/d for lines C, W, F and E,
      respectively. The rate for line F was significantly higher than for lines W and C
      and that for line E was significantly less than for the control line. 5. The N
      tau-methylhistidine excretion rate was positively correlated with food: gain
      ratio. 6. Selection for rapid growth, high food consumption or improved food
      utilisation results in changes in N tau-methylhistidine excretion which suggest
      proportionate changes in muscle protein turnover.

PMID- 3409082
TI  - Digestibility of pentose sugars and uronic acids and their effect on chick weight
      gain and caecal size.
AB  - 1. In the first experiment D-xylose, L-arabinose, D-galacturonic and D-glucuronic
      acids were fed ad libitum to young chicks for 2 weeks at 200 g/kg of diet and
      weight gains and food consumption were recorded. 2. L-arabinose and D-xylose did
      not depress food consumption in the first week but prolonged feeding caused food
      consumption to decrease and weight gain to be adversely affected. 3. D
      galacturonic acid and D-glucuronic acid caused severe growth retardation as early
      as the first week of feeding, primarily because of voluntary starvation. 4.
      Apparent metabolisable energy values for the diets were obtained when chicks were
      19 to 21 d of age and were 14.04 +/- 0.52, 12.03 +/- 0.61, 11.77 +/- 1.21, 11.68
      +/- 0.34 and 11.66 +/- 0.45 KJ/g for the basal diet with glucose, xylose,
      arabinose, galacturonic and glucuronic acids respectively. 5. True metabolisable
      energy values for the diets were obtained from adult cockerels and were 15.07 +/-
      0.16, 13.45 +/- 0.16, 13.12 +/- 0.37, 12.29 +/- 0.26 and 12.69 +/- 0.23 KJ/g for
      basal diet with glucose, xylose, arabinose, galacturonic and glucuronic acids
      respectively. 6. In the second experiment D-galactose, D-xylose, L-arabinose, D
      galacturonic and D-glucuronic acid were fed ad libitum to young chicks for 3
      weeks at 50 g/kg of diet and weight gains and food consumption were recorded. 7.
      Chicks grew and ate well on all diets. 8. The digestibilities of sugars and
      uronic acids were obtained by measurement of these constituents in diets and
      digesta using titanium dioxide as a marker. The digestibilities were 1.000 +/-
      0.0, 0.997 +/- 0.002, 0.936 +/- 0.041, 0.628 +/- 0.103, 0.588 +/- 0.059, and
      0.645 +/- 0.089 for D-glucose, D-galactose, D-xylose, L-arabinose, D-galacturonic
      and D-glucuronic acids respectively. 9. Both at 200 and 50 g/kg dietary inclusion
      there was noticeable caecal fermentation from L-arabinose, D-galacturonic and D
      glucuronic acid. Only at 200 g/kg dietary inclusion did D-xylose produce
      significant evidence of caecal fermentation.

PMID- 3409083
TI  - Timing of oviposition in mixed systems using bright light, dim light and
      darkness.
AB  - 1. Two experiments were conducted to examine time of oviposition for hens exposed
      to continuous dim lighting, to dim lighting alternating with bright lighting in a
      24 h cycle or to a mixed system using bright light, dim light and darkness. 2.
      Under continuous dim lighting (0.3 lux), the pattern of ovipositions was the same
      as that reported previously for constant darkness, more eggs being laid around
      midnight than around noon. 3. With alternating bright and dim phases, mean time
      of lay was approximately 16 h after the transition from bright to dim lighting,
      which was 3 h earlier than under the corresponding cycle of light and dark. This
      phase advance was the same whether the bright:dim ratio was 16:1 or 160:1. 4. Dim
      lighting (1.25 lux) preceded by a period of normal lighting (5 lux or 50 lux) and
      followed by 8 h darkness was treated as part of the photoperiod. 5. It is
      concluded that, when there is no darkness, a period of dim lighting is treated as
      darkness, provided the contrast between bright and dim phases is sufficient.
      However, when darkness, dim light and bright light are all included in a cycle,
      the dim light is treated as part of the photoperiod, even though there may be a
      contrast between the brightly lit and dimly lit phases which, in the absence of
      darkness, would cause the dim phase to be treated as dark.

PMID- 3409084
TI  - Time of lay in hens exposed to intermittent lighting.
AB  - 1. Two short-term trials are described in which laying hens were exposed to 8 h
      light followed by 8 one-min pulses of light at hourly intervals followed by 8 h
      darkness (8L:8i:8D). The effect of varying the intensity of illumination during
      the one-min pulses and the effect of placing the intermittent lighting before the
      8 h photoperiod (8i:8L:8D), were studied. 2. Normal egg production was maintained
      by the 8L:8i:8D system when the light pulses were at 20 lux, but not at 5 lux.
      This suggests a minimum threshold for illumination with short light pulses higher
      than that needed for continuous lighting. 3. Time of lay under 8L:8i:8D was the
      same as with 8L:16D in relation to the beginning and ending of the 8 h main
      photoperiod, but with 8i:8L:8D mean time of lay was 2 to 3 h earlier. Thus the
      hourly pulses caused a phase advance when placed before the normal photoperiod
      but did not cause a phase delay when placed after the normal photoperiod.

PMID- 3409085
TI  - Effect of cysteamine administration on growth and efficiency of food utilisation
      in chicks.
AB  - 1. Cysteamine hydrochloride, which is a potent inhibitor of somatostatin
      secretion, was fed to male broiler chicks at dietary inclusion rates of 0, 25,
      125, 250, 600, 1200, 1800 and 2400 mg/kg during three separate experiments. 2.
      Weight gain, food intake and efficiency of food utilisation were measured weekly
      over a two (experiment 1 and 2) or three-week period (experiment 3) during which
      chicks were 3 to 10 d old (week 1) to 17 to 24 d old (week 3). 3. Cysteamine
      hydrochloride included in the food at 1200 and 1800 mg/kg resulted in a
      significant increase in efficiency of food utilisation, attributable to a
      significant decrease in food intake. 4. There was no difference in weight gains
      between chicks in the control group and those receiving 1200 mg/kg. However a
      significant decrease in weight gain was observed in chicks receiving 1800 mg/kg.

PMID- 3409086
TI  - Lack of effect of oviposition time and parental age on chick weight when egg
      weight remains constant.
AB  - 1. An experiment was conducted utilising 480 eggs from broiler breeder hens to
      determine the effect of oviposition and parental age on 1-d-old chick weight when
      egg weight remained constant. 2. Neither the age of the breeder flock nor the
      time of oviposition had a significant effect on egg weight loss during the 18 d
      of incubation. Nor was there any effect on chick weight: egg weight ratio and 1-d
      old chick weight when chicks were removed and weighed at the same time. 3.
      Hatching time was significantly affected by time of oviposition and age of
      parents. Afternoon eggs or eggs from older hens tended to hatch earlier than
      morning eggs or eggs from younger ones.

PMID- 3409087
TI  - Evaluation of the efficacy of maduramacin ammonium in combination with roxarsone
      and avoparcin in caged broiler chickens.
AB  - 1. The anticoccidial activity of maduramicin ammonium (5 mg/kg food) administered
      alone or with roxarsone (50 mg/kg food) and/or avoparcin (10 mg/kg food) was
      evaluated in battery-reared broilers artificially challenged with recent field
      culture mixtures containing Eimeria acervulina, E. maxima and E. tenella or E.
      mivati, E. necatrix and E. brunetti. 2. Maduramicin ammonium exhibited a high
      degree of anticoccidial activity and the addition of roxarsone and/or avoparcin
      in food at recommended concentrations did not adversely affect the activity.

PMID- 3409088
TI  - Emigration.

PMID- 3409089
TI  - Diverticulosis.

PMID- 3409091
TI  - The trauma patient in the ICU: current perspectives.

PMID- 3409090
TI  - "Suffer little children". Grief and mourning in children.

PMID- 3409092
TI  - Postshock resuscitation of the trauma victim: preventing and managing acute renal
      failure.

PMID- 3409093
TI  - Metabolic and endocrine alterations in the multiply injured patient.

PMID- 3409094
TI  - Wound management and infection control after trauma: implication for the
      intensive care setting.

PMID- 3409095
TI  - Psychosocial considerations in trauma care.

PMID- 3409096
TI  - Special problems in posttrauma respiratory management: maxillofacial, head, and
      chest injuries.

PMID- 3409097
TI  - Critical care for the multiply injured patient.

PMID- 3409098
TI  - Prevention of complications during acute management of the spinal cord-injured
      patient: first step in the rehabilitation process.

PMID- 3409099
TI  - Intensive care of the spinal cord-injured patient: focus on early rehabilitation.

PMID- 3409100
TI  - Nursing rounds: a method to facilitate patient care conferences.

PMID- 3409101
TI  - When is a patient "dying"?

PMID- 3409102
TI  - Repair of isolated, symptomatic, sinus of Valsalva aneurysm in a patient with
      Marfan's syndrome.
AB  - A 29-year-old man with Marfan's syndrome presented with sudden onset of central
      chest pain radiating to the back. Aortography revealed a massively dilated right
      sinus of Valsalva aneurysm, with moderate aortic regurgitation. Urgent surgery in
      the form of a Bentall procedure was successfully carried out. There was no
      evidence of either aortic rupture or dissection. Acute expansion of the aneurysm
      must have precipitated the symptoms. The patient was alive and well three months
      later.

PMID- 3409103
TI  - Transient left ventricular pulsus alternans in severe aortic valve disease.
AB  - A 56-year-old man presented with severe aortic valve disease. Pulsus alternans
      was recorded in the left ventricle, apparently provoked by catheter placement
      through a stenotic aortic valve. This case illustrates that studies on left
      ventricular performance in severe aortic stenosis should be done with a
      transseptal catheter.

PMID- 3409104
TI  - Human myocardial responses to antibiotics: gentamicin, tobramycin and
      cephalothin.
AB  - Although myocardial toxicity of certain antibiotics has been suggested by animal
      studies, their effects on human cardiac muscle has not been established.
      Accordingly, human right atrial trabeculae contracting isometrically in vitro
      were exposed to increasing doses of the antibiotics gentamicin, tobramycin and
      cephalothin. Contractile responses were measured and dose-response curves
      calculated by a polynomial regression analysis. All three antibiotics
      demonstrated a dose-related decrease in relative developed force although resting
      force remained constant. Concentrations of gentamicin, tobramycin and cephalothin
      that caused 50% depression of developed force were 1.97, 1.92 and 52.75 mg/mL,
      respectively. These doses were 200, 200 and 2600 times the accepted serum toxic
      concentrations for gentamicin, tobramycin and cephalothin, respectively. The
      depression caused by cephalothin is probably related to ionic changes within the
      bath solution. In conclusion, gentamicin and tobramycin have myocardial toxicity
      at high concentrations which should not occur clinically when used judiciously.

PMID- 3409105
TI  - Percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty for aortic stenosis: improved quality of life
      for elderly patients.
AB  - From September 1986 to September 1987 percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty was
      performed in 20 patients with critical aortic stenosis. The mean age was 74,
      range 54 to 90 years. Two patients were NYHA class II, 10 patients were
      functional class III and eight were class IV. After percutaneous balloon
      valvuloplasty, using 15, 18 or 20 mm diameter balloon catheters via a 14F
      vascular sheath from the femoral artery, one patient was class I, 11 class II and
      seven were class III. One patient, who had only minimal reduction of aortic valve
      gradient from 120 to 100 mmHg, remained in class IV. The systolic gradient was
      reduced by 50% from 70 +/- 26 (+/- SD) to 35 +/- 22 mmHg (P less than 0.001)
      after valvuloplasty and the aortic valve area increased by 43% from 0.51 +/- 0.12
      to 0.73 +/- 0.25 cm2 (P less than 0.001). There were no procedural or 30 day
      deaths nor any embolic events. Percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty is a relatively
      safe and effective treatment for the older adult with symptomatic aortic
      stenosis.

PMID- 3409106
TI  - [Recurrent infarction without coronary atheromatosis].
AB  - Acute myocardial infarction without obstructive atherosclerosis is a well known
      entity characterized by the young age of the patients, the low incidence of risk
      factors and the absence of pre- and post infarction angina. The myocardial
      necrosis is probably caused by a thrombotic phenomenon perhaps initiated and/or
      exacerbated by a coronary spasm. It is generally thought that recurrence is rare
      and long term prognosis relatively benign but this may be a misconception. Three
      cases are reported of patients who had a second myocardial infarction, transmural
      infarction in each case, 17 to 36 months after the initial event. Prophylactic
      treatment after the second accident seems undoubtedly indicated. Until large
      randomized trials have established the best treatment, it appears logical to
      prescribe antithrombotic drugs (antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs) with,
      perhaps, coronary spasmolytic drugs like calcium antagonists.

PMID- 3409108
TI  - Behavior modification for the mentally handicapped.

PMID- 3409107
TI  - In search of psychiatric nursing theory: an exploration of Orem's self-care
      model's applicability.

PMID- 3409110
TI  - Keeping our health care system healthy.

PMID- 3409109
TI  - Why endotracheal and oxygen tubing might be misconnected.

PMID- 3409111
TI  - Medical apartheid in Canada.

PMID- 3409112
TI  - Real-life costs of health care.

PMID- 3409113
TI  - How Canadians can support NAMDA.

PMID- 3409114
TI  - Should nonionic radiographic contrast media be given to all patients?

PMID- 3409115
TI  - Sudden nocturnal death in refugee from Vietnam.

PMID- 3409116
TI  - Stress among doctors and nurses in the emergency department of a general
      hospital.

PMID- 3409118
TI  - Management of children infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Infectious
      Diseases and Immunization Committee, Canadian Paediatric Society.

PMID- 3409117
TI  - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome in Canada: the first 5 years of surveillance.
AB  - In the first 5 years of surveillance of reports of the acquired immune deficiency
      syndrome (AIDS) in Canada, from February 1982, the Laboratory Centre for Disease
      Control, Ottawa, was notified of 1133 cases reported through provincial
      ministries of health that met the case definition developed by the US Centers for
      Disease Control, Atlanta. Most cases (82.2%) were reported from the
      homosexual/bisexual risk group. Other risk groups were less frequently
      represented, in contrast to the experience in the United States, where a higher
      proportion of cases in drug abusers has been observed, and in Africa, where
      heterosexual spread is far more common. The presenting clinical picture and
      length of survival after diagnosis were similar to those reported for other
      countries. Differences between projected estimates of the number of AIDS cases
      obtained with polynomial and logistic growth models emphasize the need for solid
      epidemiologic data on the number of people infected with human immunodeficiency
      virus, the rates of transmission and the rates of progression to disease.

PMID- 3409119
TI  - Opinions of physicians assisting births in Ottawa-Carleton about the licensing of
      midwives.
AB  - The Ontario Ministry of Health announced in January 1986 that midwives would be
      licensed to practise in Ontario. In September of that year we surveyed all
      physicians in Ottawa-Carleton who were assisting at births to determine their
      opinions on midwifery. A total of 78 (74%) of the eligible physicians completed
      the questionnaire. Almost half thought that midwives should be licensed. Most
      felt that midwives should be trained as nurses first and should work under the
      supervision of a physician in hospital-based clinics or in a group practice with
      physicians. A small proportion thought that midwives should be able to practise
      as independent practitioners. Some obstetricians thought that legalization of
      midwifery would allow them to concentrate on high-risk obstetrics, and some
      family physicians thought this would make it easier for them to continue to be
      involved in maternity care. Those opposed to the introduction of midwives did not
      think the public would benefit, and some were concerned that midwives would
      reduce the size of their own obstetric practices.

PMID- 3409120
TI  - Pseudothrombosis in pregnancy.

PMID- 3409121
TI  - Bacteremia caused by Pseudomonas mesophilica.

PMID- 3409123
TI  - AIDS organization makes appeal for doctors' help through NBMS.

PMID- 3409122
TI  - Acute encephalopathy and third-nerve palsy after chymopapain injection.

PMID- 3409124
TI  - Long-distance meddling: do MDs really know what's best for their children?

PMID- 3409125
TI  - The ailing state of the Irish health care system.

PMID- 3409126
TI  - Is professional courtesy disappearing?

PMID- 3409127
TI  - Malpractice claims: no-fault is no answer.

PMID- 3409128
TI  - Report raises questions about cost of organ transplantation.

PMID- 3409129
TI  - Real-life costs of health care.

PMID- 3409130
TI  - HMOs: ethical issues.

PMID- 3409131
TI  - Residency training in internal medicine: program design in an era of constraint.

PMID- 3409132
TI  - N of 1 randomized controlled trials.

PMID- 3409134
TI  - Trivial pursuit at major medical conferences?

PMID- 3409133
TI  - AIDS testing: mathematical models.

PMID- 3409135
TI  - Are physicians' opinions about chiropractors changing?

PMID- 3409136
TI  - Physician self-awareness: the neglected insight.

PMID- 3409137
TI  - Obstetrics '87, the CMA report on obstetric care in Canada: what have we really
      learned?

PMID- 3409138
TI  - A clinician's guide for conducting randomized trials in individual patients.
AB  - In determining optimal treatment for a patient conventional trials of therapy are
      susceptible to bias. Large-scale randomized trials can provide only a partial
      guide and have not been or cannot be carried out for most clinical disorders.
      However, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in individual patients (N of 1 RCTs)
      may in some circumstances provide a solution to this dilemma. In an N of 1 RCT a
      patient undergoes pairs of treatment periods (one period of each pair with the
      active drug and one with matched placebo, assigned at random); both the patient
      and the clinician are blind to allocation, and treatment targets are monitored. N
      of 1 RCTs are useful for chronic, stable conditions for which the proposed
      treatment, which has a rapid onset of action and ceases to act soon after it is
      discontinued, has shown promise in an open trial of therapy. The monitoring of
      treatment targets usually includes quantitative measurement of the patient's
      symptoms with the use of simple patient diaries or questionnaires. Pairs of
      treatment periods are continued until effectiveness is proved or refuted. The
      cooperation of a pharmacy is required for the preparation of matching placebos
      and conduct of the trial. Formal statistical analysis may be helpful for
      interpreting the results. The practical approach presented in this paper allows
      clinicians to conduct their own N of 1 RCTs.

PMID- 3409139
TI  - Blood pressure profile in two adult male populations.
AB  - Causal blood pressure measurements were recorded in two groups of men aged 40 to
      64 years; of the 7024 men in metropolitan Saint John, NB, and the 4044 men in
      seven suburbs of Quebec who were asked, 5840 (83.1%) and 3097 (76.6%)
      respectively agreed to participate. Of the Saint John group 9.0% were taking
      antihypertensive drugs, as compared with only 3.3% of the Quebec group (p less
      than 0.0001). Among the treated subjects 33% in Saint John and 53% in Quebec
      still had a diastolic pressure greater than 95 mm Hg (p less than 0.01). Among
      the participants not taking antihypertensive drugs the systolic blood pressure
      increased with age, but the diastolic blood pressure increased only slightly up
      to 55 years of age and then decreased. On average the subjects in Saint John who
      were not being treated had a systolic pressure 6.2 mm Hg lower and a diastolic
      blood pressure 3.6 mm Hg lower than their Quebec counterparts (p less than
      0.0001). This difference was observed in all the age groups and was not the
      result of the treatment of a greater proportion of the Saint John cohort. Despite
      the higher blood pressures and the smaller number receiving adequate treatment in
      the Quebec group, the rate of death due to coronary artery disease was 10% lower
      than that in the Saint John group. A bias in the data from Quebec may have
      influenced the magnitude of the differences between the two samples, but if
      present it should have underestimated the blood pressures in the Quebec group and
      therefore not have changed the outcome.

PMID- 3409140
TI  - Giant cell arteritis of the breast.

PMID- 3409142
TI  - New abortion policy approved for CMA despite some vocal opposition.

PMID- 3409141
TI  - Renal revascularization for acute anuria.

PMID- 3409143
TI  - Passage of recommendations allows CMA to release policy statement on AIDS.

PMID- 3409145
TI  - Health care in Syria: too many doctors, not enough drugs.

PMID- 3409144
TI  - Caring for seniors: "never do for them what they can do for themselves".

PMID- 3409146
TI  - AIDS and the small city: the cost at Kingston General Hospital.
AB  - Although AIDS is often thought of as a "big-city" disease, it is also becoming a
      serious health care issue for doctors and other health care workers in "small
      city" Canada. Kingston, Ont., is one of those small cities, and of the facilities
      trying to come to grips with a disease about which much remains to be learned. In
      this article, Drs. Peter Ford and David Robertson outline their hospital's
      estimate of the cost, in manpower and money, of dealing with the AIDS crisis. The
      final estimate: roughly $700,000. Although most of the cost will involve one-time
      capital spending, they point out that there will likely be ongoing labour-related
      costs because of the special programs and increased manpower needed to deal with
      AIDS patients. Clearly, AIDS is no longer a big-city disease.

PMID- 3409147
TI  - The government's record on social policy may provide an election target.

PMID- 3409148
TI  - Children not preoccupied with nuclear war, researcher finds. Interview by Lynne
      Cohen.

PMID- 3409149
TI  - Clinical and policy issues in the care of the nursing home patient.

PMID- 3409150
TI  - Psychiatry in underserviced areas and the role of academic departments.

PMID- 3409151
TI  - Characteristics of borderline personality disorder: a Canadian study.
AB  - This study presents data on a Canadian sample of inpatients with the diagnosis of
      Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). Inpatients with BPD were compared to
      inpatients with borderline traits. The results indicate that the BPD inpatients
      have a chronic severe disorder, which onsets in adolescence, and are likely to
      have suffered early deprivation or abuse.

PMID- 3409152
TI  - Responses and behaviour of patients with borderline personality disorder during
      semi-structured interviews.
AB  - The researchers investigated the behaviour of the Borderline Personality Disorder
      (BPD) patient, based on observations during structured interviews, to test the
      hypothesis that these patients are frequently more hostile, aggressive, demanding
      and manipulative in an interview situation, as has been reported in the
      literature. These patients were compared to a similar group which had been
      identified as having BPD traits. The findings suggest that the BPD patients
      respond with more helplessness and anxiety, that they are more reliable, and that
      they do not differ significantly in displays of negative behavior during the
      interview.

PMID- 3409153
TI  - Treatment of the borderline patient, relationship management.
AB  - The author suggests that not the borderline syndrome itself but many of the worst
      behaviours of borderline patients are essentially iatrogenic. To do no harm
      should be the primary goal of any therapist encountering a patient exhibiting
      borderline features. Management of the patient-therapist relationship is
      paramount and may be in itself the most effective and safe treatment for both
      crisis situations and longer therapy. A conceptual model borrowing from and
      bridging self psychology and interpersonal theory is described. This model leads
      to a reframing or new interpretation of borderline symptoms and therapists'
      reactions. Realtionship management guidelines and specific interventions are
      suggested.

PMID- 3409154
TI  - Delirium: 100 cases.
AB  - One hundred consecutive cases of delirium seen in a psychiatric consultation
      service of a general hospital are discussed. Two thirds of the patients came from
      pneumology and cardiology since the hospital serves as a regional thoracic
      center. The frequency of delirium was 12.6% of consultations: three men were seen
      for every one woman; 80% of cases were over fifty years of age. The clinical
      aspects of delirium are studied according to DSM-III criteria to evaluate: a) the
      frequency of the symptoms, b) the temporal course of the disorder, c) any
      clinical characteristic of delirium linked with potential etiological factors, d)
      the role of anxiety.

PMID- 3409155
TI  - Faking sexual preference.
AB  - Erectile assessments of sexual preference have been found quite reliable. Their
      validity, however, has been questioned with some findings that are at variance
      with the clinical data. These apparently distorted results could be either false
      positive or false negative responses. The former may be due to faking, which is
      the act of feigning a spurious positive response to a non-preferred stimulus, and
      the latter could be from suppressing, which is producing a spurious negative
      response to one's natural sexual preference. In this study, phallometric testing
      with a mercury-in-rubber strain gauge and Model 240 Parks Plethysmograph was used
      in conjunction with a mid-lumbar pressure sensor. Twenty subjects, half of whom
      were sex offenders, were tested with visual and audiovisual stimuli depicting
      male and female models at various ages and degrees of sexual development. Other
      testing included self-report questionnaires and estimates of age and sexual
      development. It was found that both groups significantly reduced penile
      tumescence when instructed to suppress to their stated sexual preference in the
      audiovisual series. A significant reduction was also obtained in suppressing to
      the category to which they had a maximum response in the same series. When both
      groups were instructed to fake to a non-preferred stimulus, the levels of arousal
      generated were quite variable and not significantly different from those obtained
      before instruction. Extraneous movement as measured by the lumbar pressure device
      was markedly greater in our three incest offenders. The meaning of this finding
      is unclear. Sex offenders as a group were found to be significantly more variable
      in their responses than controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3409156
TI  - Severe obsessive-compulsive syndrome in a 10 year old: a 3 year follow-up.
AB  - Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder is rare in children but when present, its very
      nature is so pervasive and so complex that the therapy must be specially tailored
      to fit the distinct character of the young patient. We report the course and
      treatment of one case; then we discuss the interplay of implicit as well as
      explicit factors in the active process of alleviating dysfunctional behavior.

PMID- 3409157
TI  - AIDS alarm: a case study.
AB  - Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) has made a wide impact not limited to
      those persons who have or are likely to contact it. A case history of a man with
      a near-delusional belief he had AIDS is presented to exemplify the individual
      issues that concern about AIDS may raise. Thorough exploration of the dynamic
      interplay of biological, psychological and social factors is recommended in each
      case before reassurance may be effective. Psychiatric consultation should assist
      in developing optimal intervention in each individual case.

PMID- 3409158
TI  - Capgras' phenomenon: an unusual variant occurring in the setting of chronic
      schizophrenia.

PMID- 3409160
TI  - A paradoxical outcome of a regional review board decision: a case report.

PMID- 3409159
TI  - Pimozide in delusional dysmorphosis.

PMID- 3409161
TI  - Laryngeal carcinoma in a Lynch syndrome II kindred.
AB  - Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) accounts for about 4% to 6% of
      the total colorectal cancer burden. It is subdivided into Lynch syndrome I and
      II. Lynch syndrome I is characterized by an autosomal dominant inheritance
      pattern for site-specific, early onset, adenocarcinoma of the colon, with
      proximal predominance and an excess of synchronous and metachronous colonic
      cancers. Lynch syndrome II (cancer family syndrome) shows these same colon cancer
      characteristics, but differs in that there is an excess proclivity of other forms
      of cancer, particularly of the endometrium and ovary. This article documents a
      family that shows features of Lynch syndrome II. Unique aspects pertain to a
      patient who is in the direct genetic lineage (whose five brothers manifested
      colonic cancer), but who developed carcinoma of the uterine cervix at age 34 and
      laryngeal cancer at 60. The pedigree also shows uterine cervical carcinoma among
      other patients at genetic risk. Her son, who is a nonsmoker and nondrinker,
      manifested laryngeal cancer at age 31. These observations appear to add new
      information about tumor heterogeneity in HNPCC.

PMID- 3409162
TI  - Carcinoma of the bronchus with unsuspected microscopic resection-line
      involvement.
AB  - In a series of 560 pulmonary resections for bronchial carcinoma, unsuspected
      microscopic tumor was present at the bronchial resection margin in 26 patients
      (4.5%). Adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy was given in two patients. In
      follow-up times ranging from 1 to 72 months (mean, 22 months), 58% of patients
      were alive and free of recurrent disease. Twelve patients underwent periodic
      surveillance bronchoscopy in an attempt to identify early local recurrence.
      Eighty-three percent of these patients were alive and disease-free in follow-up
      times from 4 to 72 months (mean, 29.7 months). Only one choscopies. It was
      concluded that microscopic residual resection-line tumor does not preclude
      prolonged survival and that no benefit from surveillance bronchoscopy could be
      demonstrated in this small patient sample.

PMID- 3409163
TI  - The external oblique myocutaneous flap for extended hemipelvectomy
      reconstruction.
AB  - This article documents the first case report of an extended hemipelvectomy defect
      closure using an ipsilateral external oblique myocutaneous flap. When a
      hemipelvectomy usually is performed for soft tissue tumor ablation, an anterior
      or posterior flap can be preserved for immediate coverage of vital structures.
      When these flaps are also resected to obtain clear tumor margins, closure becomes
      difficult. In our patient, although the rectus myocutaneous flap was a next
      logical choice, prior surgical scars precluded it use. The external oblique flap
      was successfully rotated and solved a difficult problem. This flap should be
      considered when the rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap is unavailable for
      extended hemipelvectomy closures.

PMID- 3409164
TI  - Lower extremity vasospasm associated with ischemic neuropathy, dermal fibrosis,
      and digital gangrene in a patient with carcinoid syndrome.
AB  - Bilateral lower extremity vasospasm associated with severe pain and
      hyperesthesias in the legs, and digital gangrene in both feet developed in a 50
      year-old man with carcinoid syndrome. Nifedipine and chemical lumbar
      sympathectomy were partially effective in relieving the vasospasm.
      Electromyographic findings were consistent with ischemic neuropathy. A skin
      biopsy specimen showed striking dermal fibrosis. Serotonin and other
      vasoconstrictor substances released from the tumor may be responsible for the
      vasospasm, the dermal sclerosis, and the ischemic neuropathy. The early use of
      lumbar sympathectomy in patients with lower extremity vasospasm may prevent these
      irreversible ischemic complications.

PMID- 3409165
TI  - Screening for upper digestive tract cancer with an occult blood bead detector.
      Investigation of a normal north China population.
AB  - Screening of the general population for cancer of the upper digestive tract using
      an occult blood bead detector supplemented by fibergastroscopy was able to detect
      126 cancers of the esophagus, gastric cardia, and stomach. This screening was
      carried out in two of the high-risk areas, Yangzhong and Wun counties, located in
      central eastern and north China. The occult blood bead detector, swallowed and
      retained in the stomach for 3 minutes, was able to sort out the suspected persons
      by its coloration from sky blue (+) to dark blue ( ) on removal. The subsequent
      fibergastroscopy could make a definite diagnosis by biopsy specimen. A
      preliminary trial performed on patients with established cancers was 100% (18 of
      18) positive for stomach cancer and 81% (13 of 16) positive for esophageal
      cancer. A public survey of the high-risk areas, screening 38,073 normal persons
      ranging in age from 35 to 70 years, showed positive results in 9204 (24.2%)
      persons. Subsequent fibergastroscopy carried out in 4023 occult blood bead
      detector positive persons showed 126 cancers (41 of the esophagus, 46 of the
      gastric cardia, and 39 of the stomach). Factors influencing the cancer detection
      rate were sex, age, and degree of positivity of the occult blood bead detector
      test. Seventy per cent (89 of 126) of the cancers discovered were in an early
      stage. The occult blood bead detector costs the primary screened person only 30
      cents and may be practical for the large-scale screening of cancer of the upper
      digestive tract in developing areas.

PMID- 3409166
TI  - Increasing incidence and changing histopathology of primary lung cancer in Japan.
      A review of 282 autopsied cases.
AB  - A total of 282 autopsied cases of primary carcinoma of the lung were reviewed
      from 1950 to 1983 to determine the incidence of histologic types, sex and age
      distribution, and to compare the trends between Japan and the United States.
      There were 75 cases in Group A (1950-1964), 89 in Group B (1965-1974) and 118 in
      Group C (1975-1983). The overall incidence, 282 cases per 8546 autopsies, was
      3.3%; the male-to-female sex ratio was 2.4:1, and the mean age was 62 +/- 11
      years. Increases in incidence in men, women, and the total from Group A to C were
      all statistically significant (P less than 0.05). A predominance of
      adenocarcinoma over squamous cell carcinoma in all cases was apparent in all the
      groups, but the data showed a trend toward a reduction in the proportion of
      adenocarcinoma and increases in the proportion of squamous cell carcinoma and
      small cell carcinoma. In contrast, an increasing incidence of adenocarcinoma was
      reported in the USA.

PMID- 3409167
TI  - Statistical and empirical evaluation of histopathologic reviews for quality
      assurance in the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group.
AB  - Central pathology review for quality assurance in cooperative clinical cancer
      trials has been an accepted practice for over a decade. However, the actual value
      of such pathology review has never been statistically evaluated or the need
      defined in a comprehensive manner. Pathology exclusions in 35 completed and
      ongoing Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) trials were analyzed.
      Ineligibility rates ranged from 0% to 16.9%. The lowest ineligibility rates
      occurred in breast cancer, small cell and non-small cell lung cancer, squamous
      cell carcinoma of head and neck, and gastrointestinal carcinoma protocols. The
      highest rates occurred in rare cancers such as malignant thymoma, endocrine
      carcinomas, and in the sarcoma-mesothelioma area. Simulated prototypical trials
      involving an aggressive and an indolent cancer were examined to evaluate the
      precision with which treatment differences would be measured when pathologically
      ineligible cases were included. Analysis of these models indicated that in trials
      in which the pathology exclusion rate is greater than 10%, slide review is
      prudent. When the exclusion rate is 5% to 10%, the necessity for pathology
      confirmation depends on the scientific objective of the trial. If less than 5%
      pathology exclusions characterize a clinical trial, routine pathology review is
      not justified. Routine histopathologic review for quality assurance in
      cooperative groups is not always necessary and may be eliminated in studies of
      the more common cancers. The practical value of reallocating limited pathology
      resources for investigative studies in cooperative groups is significant.

PMID- 3409168
TI  - Plasma tetranectin is reduced in cancer and related to metastasia.
AB  - Tetranectin, a recently identified and characterized human plasma protein related
      to the fibrinolytic system, was significantly reduced in patients with various
      malignancies. Plasma tetranectin, measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
      (ELISA), was a significant discriminator regarding metastatic or nonmetastatic
      cancer. It had a high predictive specificity (0.93) and sensitivity (0.75) and
      only misclassified 14% of patients. Tetranectin may be related to the
      pathogenetically important processes leading to cancer spread and metastasis. In
      this respect, it may prove to be of discriminative importance clinically.

PMID- 3409169
TI  - Methotrexate-induced resistance to dactinomycin in choriocarcinoma.
AB  - NaUCC-2, a choriocarcinoma cell line, was derived from a patient who had a very
      poor clinical response to combination chemotherapy. Methotrexate (MTX) might have
      inhibited the antitumor effect of dactinomycin. To investigate this point, in
      vitro studies were performed to determine the sensitivity and uptake of MTX and
      dactinomycin (administered individually and in combination) to NaUCC-2 and three
      other choriocarcinoma cell lines. Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) concentrations
      were studied as well. Although NaUCC-2 showed sensitivity to MTX and
      dactinomycin, which were comparable to the other cell lines when they were given
      separately, NaUCC-2 was unique in that the combination of MTX and dactinomycin
      was less lethal than dactinomycin given by itself. The uptake of MTX in NaUCC-2
      was significantly higher than that in the other cell lines, and MTX also induced
      an increase in dactinomycin uptake in NaUCC-2. There was no significant
      difference in DHFR activity. Although additional studies are necessary to
      determine the mechanism responsible for this effect, these findings suggest that
      a mechanism other than drug uptake or DHFR activity must play a role in the drug
      resistance for choriocarcinoma. These findings also suggest that the most
      commonly used combination chemotherapy for choriocarcinoma, dactinomycin and MTX,
      may not always be the best method.

PMID- 3409170
TI  - Target organ disposition and plasma pharmacokinetics of doxorubicin incorporated
      into albumin microspheres after intrarenal arterial administration.
AB  - We synthesized doxorubicin (Adriamycin, Adria Laboratories, Columbus, OH)-loaded
      human albumin microspheres (containing approximately 1% doxorubicin w/w) between
      15 and 20 micron in diameter. Intrarenal arterial administration of 99mTC-labeled
      microspheres demonstrated a high renal entrapment ratio (97% of recovered
      radioactivity). The pharmacokinetics and metabolism of doxorubicin are different
      when it is administered in microspherical form. Peak plasma levels are lower (16
      ng/ml versus 135 ng/ml) compared with treatment by a doxorubicin solution.
      Histologic studies showed that the microspheres were trapped within capillaries
      and small arterioles in the renal vascular arcade. It is apparent that
      chemoembolization with doxorubicin-loaded microspheres significantly reduces
      systemic exposure to the antineoplastic agent, and maintains intrarenal drug
      levels.

PMID- 3409171
TI  - Preoperative hyperthermia combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy for
      patients with incompletely resected carcinoma of the esophagus.
AB  - Two hundred eighty-nine patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus
      underwent subtotal esophagectomy from December 1965 to June 1986. Resection of
      esophageal carcinoma was absolutely noncurative in 64 patients (20%) due to
      invasion to the surrounding structures. These 64 patients were subdivided as
      follows into three groups based on the type of preoperative treatment: Group I
      included 16 patients without preoperative treatment; Group II included 38
      patients with preoperative radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy (average
      doses: radiation 37.3 Gy, 1-(2-tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil [tegafur] 8.4 g);
      Group III included 10 patients who underwent preoperative hyperthermia (42
      degrees C to 45 degrees C) combined with chemotherapy and radiotherapy (average
      doses: radiation 33 Gy, bleomycin 33.9 mg, or cis-diamine dichloroplatinum 75 mg,
      hyperthermia 6.2 times). There were no significant differences in terms of
      postoperative therapy among the three groups. The median survival times for
      patients in Groups I, II, and III were 6, 7.5 and 11 months, respectively. The 2
      year survival rates for patients in Groups I, II, and III were 0, 15.6%, and
      34.3%, respectively. The prognosis in Group III was superior to that for Group I
      (P less than 0.05) and Group II. These results suggest that preoperative
      hyperthermia combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy could prolong survival
      even in patients who have had noncurative resection.

PMID- 3409172
TI  - Prognostic factors influencing survival in combined radiotherapy and surgery of
      squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus with special reference to a
      histopathologic grading system.
AB  - Sixty-six patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus were treated
      with combined surgery and radiotherapy, mostly in a sandwich fashion. Fourteen
      patients received misonidazole during preoperative radiotherapy. Prospective
      cumulative survival at 1, 2, and 5 years was 60%, 35%, and 17%, respectively.
      Original biopsy specimens and operation specimens were evaluated according to a
      histopathologic grading system based on an evaluation of the tumor cell
      population in terms of cell differentiation, structure, nuclear polymorphism, and
      the frequency of mitotic figures. The tumor-host relationship was also estimated
      by the mode of invasion, stage of invasion, vascular invasion, and degree of
      lymphocytic infiltration. A multivariate regression analysis according to Cox and
      actuarial survival were used to determine the relative contributions of the
      clinical and histopathologic parameters to patient outcome. The major results
      were as follows: (1) patients who were old (70 to 80 years) fared as well as
      younger patients (P = 0.9198); (2) tumor site did not influence therapeutic
      outcome (P = 0.1100); (3) there was an insignificant difference in survival
      between patients with M0 and M1 disease (P = 0.7130); (4) radical surgery gave
      better survival; (5) misonidazole administered preoperatively was associated with
      worse survival (P = 0.0147); and (6) the histopathologic malignancy grading score
      system was very useful for prognostication--the tumor-host score in the operative
      specimen was the strongest of all analyzed predictive parameters. Since
      palliation was excellent in all patients treated in the combined fashion,
      selection criteria should be wide for such a program, not the least since long
      term survival is possible also for patients with very advanced tumors.

PMID- 3409173
TI  - Successful imaging of human cancer with indium-111-labeled phospholipid vesicles.
AB  - Twenty-four patients with proven primary and/or metastatic cancer received single
      intravenous injections of phospholipid vesicles containing 0.5 mCi of Indium-111.
      Gamma camera scintigraphy 1 to 72 hours later visualized tumors in 22 patients
      (92%), including carcinomas of breast, lung, colon, prostate, kidney, cervix,
      thyroid, and soft tissue sarcoma, lymphoma, and melanoma. Tumor sites that were
      identified included soft tissues, bone, lung, liver, lymph node, and spinal cord.
      There were only two false-positive images in metastatic sites and four false
      negative images in metastatic sites. Overall sensitivity for tumors in 97
      individual sites was 85%, whereas specificity was 96%. Unsuspected areas of
      malignancy were seen in the lumbar subdural space, pleura, liver, thyroid, and
      lung. Besides tumor accumulations, homogeneous uptake was observed in normal
      liver and spleen. Radiation doses to these two organs were 2.2 and 2.9 cGy/0.5
      mCi In-111, respectively. Whole body radiation dose was 0.3 cGy/0.5 mCi. The use
      of Indium-111-labeled vesicles permits a wide variety of human tumors in primary
      and metastatic sites to be imaged without toxicity and with radiation doses
      comparable to other radionuclide scanning techniques.

PMID- 3409174
TI  - Monoclonal antibody assays for measuring ovarian tumor antigen in blood.
      Detection of NB/70K in patients with ovarian cancer and nongynecologic diseases.
AB  - Blood levels of human ovarian tumor antigen NB/70K were measured using four
      different monoclonal anti-NB/70K antibody radioimmunoassays (NB12123, NB12913,
      NB13834, and NB13831 assays). Four hundred thirty-two blood samples were obtained
      from apparently disease-free controls, from patients with benign and malignant
      ovarian tumors, and from patients with benign nontumorous and malignant diseases
      of the breast, lung, and gastrointestinal systems. The means, medians, and
      percent of samples that had elevated levels of NB/70K were calculated for each
      group of patients or controls for each assay. For all control versus malignant
      disease comparisons, there were statistically significant differences in all
      assays. For all benign versus malignant disease comparisons in the ovary, breast,
      lung, and gastrointestinal systems, there were statistically significant
      differences in all assays with the exception of the benign versus malignant
      gastrointestinal disease comparison in the NB12123 assay. Elevated NB/70K levels
      were detected in blood from ovarian cancer patients, almost all of whom had
      adenocarcinomas. Elevated NB/70K levels were also detected in blood samples from
      patients with adenocarcinoma, squamous, and clear cell carcinomas of the lung as
      well as in adenocarcinoma and ductal carcinoma of the breast. These results
      indicate that NB/70K is a marker for different pathologic types of malignancies.

PMID- 3409175
TI  - Use of polar solvents in chemoprevention of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon
      cancer.
AB  - To examine the effect of the polar solvents on 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)
      induced colon cancer, 100 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated to a
      control and three treatment groups. Treated animals received N-methylformamide
      (NMF), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), or methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) added to drinking
      water 1 week before carcinogen injections commenced and for the duration of the
      experiment. Primary tumors were detected by serial laparotomy under ether
      anesthesia performed at 2-month intervals and commencing after carcinogen
      injections had been completed. The average time to tumor onset was significantly
      delayed in rats receiving NMF and MSM (P = 0.0141 and 0.0398 respectively, Mantel
      Haenszel test). In addition, fewer poorly differentiated tumors were noted in
      treatment groups. No weight loss or toxicity was observed. These findings
      demonstrate that the polar solvents significantly reduce the latent period to
      tumor onset in DMH-induced colon cancer and indicate the need to further
      investigate such compounds as chemopreventive agents.

PMID- 3409176
TI  - Hypoplastic myelodysplastic syndrome.
AB  - Over a period of 8 years 11 of 64 patients seen at Loyola University Medical
      Center with the diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) also exhibited bone
      marrow hypoplasia (marrow cellularity of 25% or less) at presentation. The other
      53 had normocellular or hypercellular marrow. Clinical features, hemograms,
      chromosome analysis, incidence of progression to acute leukemia or aplastic
      anemia, and survival in each group were compared. Using the French-American
      British (FAB) classification, there were seven patients with refractory anemia
      (RA), one refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts (RARS), and three refractory
      anemia with excess blasts (RAEB) in the hypoplastic MDS group. Those with
      normocellular or hypercellular marrow included 22 with RA, nine with RARS, 12
      with RAEB, three with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, and four with RAEB in
      transformation; one had chronic diGuglielmo syndrome and two patients were not
      classified. Patients with hypoplastic MDS had lower hemoglobin levels (median, 8
      g/dl versus 9 g/dl), more severe leucopenia (median 3100/microliter versus
      4200/microliter) and thrombocytopenia (median, 28,000/microliter versus
      75,000/microliter), and marked macrocytosis (mean corpuscular volume (MCV), 107
      mu 3 versus 97 mu 3). Nine patients with hypoplastic MDS had a chromosome
      analysis of the bone marrow, and all were normal. In those with normocellular or
      hyperplastic bone marrow, 22 such analyses were done, and seven (23%) were
      abnormal. One patient (11%) from the hypoplastic group and 11 (23%) from the
      normocellular or hyperplastic MDS transformed into acute leukemia. None
      progressed to aplastic anemia. With a mean follow-up time of 33 months in the
      hypoplastic MDS, eight patients (72%) are alive. In the group with normal or
      hyperplastic MDS, the mean follow up was 47 months, and 27 patients (50%) have
      survived. The two groups differ significantly in leukocyte count (P less than
      0.0015), platelet count (P less than 0.0001), and MCV (P less than 0.0023). There
      may be a possible difference between these groups related to abnormal karyotype,
      but it is not statistically significant (P = 0.06). Therapy with pyridoxine,
      folic acid, prednisone, anabolic steroids, retinoids, or low-dose cytosine
      arabinoside was not beneficial in hypoplastic MDS. Hypoplastic MDS appears to be
      a distinct clinicopathologic entity characterized by marrow hypoplasia,
      macrocytosis, severe leucopenia and thrombocytopenia, low incidence of
      progression to acute leukemia, and unresponsiveness to conventional therapy.

PMID- 3409177
TI  - Significance of systemic mast cell disease with associated hematologic disorders.
AB  - A clinical and hematopathologic review of 66 patients with systemic mast cell
      disease (SMCD) was undertaken to investigate the frequency and the clinical
      significance of associated hematologic disorders. Twenty-two patients were found
      to have a second hematologic disorder, 19 of which involved the myeloid cells
      (ten dysmyelopoietic syndromes, five myeloproliferative disorders, three acute
      nonlymphocytic leukemias, and one chronic neutropenia), and three of which
      involved the lymphoid cells (three malignant lymphomas). A chromosome analysis of
      the bone marrow revealed abnormalities characteristic of neoplastic myeloid
      disorders in four patients. Five-year survival for patients with hematologic
      disorders was 28% compared with 61% for other SMCD patients (P = 0.004). Patients
      with hematologic disorders differed significantly from other SMCD patients in
      that they were about 7 years older (P = 0.039), and they presented more commonly
      with anemia (P less than 0.001) and constitutional symptoms (P = 0.007). These
      patients also had less frequent skin symptoms (P = 0.003) and urticaria
      pigmentosa (P = 0.018). By definition, patients with hematologic disorders had a
      greater percent of hematopoiesis (P less than 0.001) and decreased fat cells (P =
      0.011) on bone marrow biopsies. A multivariate model demonstrated that the
      following independent variables were associated with the presence of hematologic
      disorders: low hemoglobin (P = 0.001), the absence of hepatomegaly (P = 0.016),
      high leukocyte count (P = 0.021), and the presence of pathologic fractures (P =
      0.051). The frequent coexistence of SMCD with dysplastic and neoplastic disorders
      of myeloid cells is consistent with the concept that SMCD itself is a disorder of
      myeloid cells and that the mast cell may be myeloid in origin.

PMID- 3409178
TI  - Late recurrences in long-term survivors of germ cell neoplasms.
AB  - Patients with germ cell neoplasms who are in complete remission 2 years after
      treatment have a very high probability of cure, and reports of recurrences
      occurring after 2 years are rare. Of 81 testicular cancer patients treated for
      advanced disease at Vanderbilt University between 1970 and 1985, five developed a
      recurrent or metachronous germinal tumor 58 to 195 months after the initial
      treatment. Only two of these patients had received prior cisplatin-based
      combination chemotherapy. Four patients had unfavorable prognostic features when
      tumor recurrence was diagnosed. All five patients responded to salvage
      chemotherapy, although there were only two complete responses. The extent of
      disease was a significant factor in predicting response to salvage therapy. The
      possible mechanisms of development of a late recurrence of germinal neoplasms
      include the following: (1) malignant degeneration of mature teratoma to germinal
      malignancy; (2) growth of an occult testicular tumor not eliminated by
      chemotherapy due to the presence of a blood-testicular barrier; (3) development
      of a second primary germ cell neoplasm; or (4) late relapse due to persistent
      microscopic viable tumor with an atypical less aggressive biologic behavior.
      "Cured" germ cell tumor patients need careful follow-up beyond 2 years. At a
      minimum, these patients should be seen annually. Patients found to have teratomas
      following cisplatin-based chemotherapy should probably undergo more frequent
      evaluations.

PMID- 3409179
TI  - Relationship between labeling indices of Ki-67 and BrdUrd in human malignant
      tumors.
AB  - The relationship between labeling indices of Ki-67 reactive antigen expressed by
      cycling cells and BrdUrd incorporated into S-phase cells was investigated in 20
      patients with malignant tumors. Both of the labeling indices varied greatly from
      patient to patient; the labeling index of Ki-67 ranged from 37.5% to 1.9% with an
      average value of 16%, and the BrdUrd labeling index ranged from 23.4% to 1.6%
      with an average of 9.3%. The Ki-67 labeling index was higher than the BrdUrd
      labeling index. In general, the values of the Ki-67 labeling index were parallel
      to those of the BrdUrd labeling index, and the relation Y = 1.59X + 1.15 (r =
      0.89) was obtained. In human solid tumors, therefore, the growth fraction can be
      easily estimated from the S-phase fraction size, and vice versa.

PMID- 3409180
TI  - Multivariate analysis for histologic prognostic factors in soft tissue sarcomas.
AB  - To investigate histologic prognostic factors in soft tissue sarcomas (STS),
      multivariate analysis was performed on 236 patients with complete clinical
      information. These included 141 males and 95 females with an age range from 1 to
      85 years (median, 47.6 years). Histologically, malignant fibrous histiocytoma
      (33.5%) was the most common type followed by synovial sarcoma (11%), liposarcoma
      (10%), rhabdomyosarcoma (7%), and leiomyosarcoma (7%). Monofactorial analysis
      revealed that sex, depth, location, histologic grade, cellularity, frequency of
      mitosis, and necrosis were significant prognostic factors. By multivariate
      analysis, only frequency of mitosis and depth of tumors were proved to be of
      prognostic significance. The prognostic importance of the frequency of mitosis as
      shown in previous and the present studies indicates that further investigation of
      the cell proliferation in patients with STS is required.

PMID- 3409181
TI  - Prognostic significance of lymph node metastasis and bone, major vessel, or nerve
      involvement in adults with high-grade soft tissue sarcomas.
AB  - Two hundred sixty-seven patients with high-grade (G2 or G3) soft tissue sarcomas
      (STS) were examined. All tumors were removed by resection (marginal or wide) or
      amputation. Seventy-four patients had T3 primary tumors invading neurovascular
      structures (n = 41) or bone (n = 33), and 29 patients had histologically
      confirmed metastases to the regional nodes removed at the time of definitive
      surgery. The estimated 5-year and 10-year survival rates for patients in Stage
      IIa, b or IIIa, b were 44% and 37%, respectively. For patients with neurovascular
      or bone invasion the survival rates were 24% and 15%, respectively. For patients
      with lymph node metastases the survival rates were 10% and 3%, respectively.
      Survival of patients with primary sarcomas invading the nerve, vessel, or bone
      was significantly better than that of patients with lymph node metastases (P =
      0.002). Survival also was distinctly different between patients with nerve or
      vessel invasion who had a 5-year survival rate of 32%, and patients with bone
      invasion who had a 5-year survival rate of 15% (P = 0.002). These findings
      suggest that the current staging system for STS should be reexamined. Also,
      patients with nerve or vessel invasion should be assigned a IIIc1 position, those
      with bone invasion a IIIc2 position, and those with lymph node metastases a IVa
      position in the staging system.

PMID- 3409182
TI  - Arotinoid-ethylester. Effectiveness in refractory cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.
AB  - Five patients with refractory advanced cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) (Stage
      IIB, two; Stage III, one; Stage IVA, two) and one patient with a refractory Stage
      IB CTCL (two females, four males, median age 58 years) were treated with a new
      polyaromatic retinoid, arotinoid-ethylester (Ro 13-6298), which has a much higher
      antiproliferative activity than other known retinoids. There was an objective
      clinical response in three of six cases [complete remission (CR) = 1, partial
      remission (PR) = 2]. One patient is in CR since 102 weeks currently. Mean
      duration of PR was 43 weeks. Two patients were withdrawn from treatment after 4
      weeks because of disease progression. Two patients, one of them in PR, had to be
      retired from further treatment due to toxic side effects. Main side effects were
      mucocutaneous dryness, skin atrophy, and skin vulnerability. Skin biopsies were
      performed on four patients 4 weeks after the start of treatment. The epidermis
      and the subepidermal grenz zone were found to be clear of mononuclear clear cell
      infiltration in three patients. Although the number of patients is small, the
      results obtained suggest that arotinoid-ethylester offers a promising approach to
      the treatment of CTCL.

PMID- 3409183
TI  - Primary retroperitoneal pure choriocarcinoma. Two long-term complete responders
      from a rare fatal disease.
AB  - Extragonadal germ cell tumors may have a worse prognosis than germ cell tumors of
      gonadal origin, even when tumor bulk and extent of dissemination are equal.
      Primary retroperitoneal pure choriocarcinoma is one of the least common subgroups
      of the extragonadal germ cell tumors and has previously appeared to have the
      worst prognosis. Two new case reports on the treatment and follow-up of two
      patients with primary retroperitoneal pure choriocarcinoma are discussed. Both
      patients are disease-free at 24 and 81 months, respectively. After aggressive
      primary multiagent drug therapy for primary retroperitoneal pure choriocarcinoma,
      a favorable prognosis may be anticipated.

PMID- 3409184
TI  - Combination of cisplatin, vindesine, and dacarbazine in advanced malignant
      melanoma. A Phase II Study of the EORTC Malignant Melanoma Cooperative Group.
AB  - A Phase II study combining cisplatin, vindesine, and dacarbazine was performed on
      patients with disseminated malignant melanoma by the European Organization for
      Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Malignant Melanoma Cooperative Group
      (MMCG). The treatment consisted of intravenous administrations of dacarbazine 450
      mg/m2, vindesine 3 mg/m2, and cisplatin 50 mg/m2 on day 1 and 8 of each course.
      Courses were repeated every 4 weeks. Treatment was discontinued in case of
      progression after two courses, otherwise continued until progression or for a
      minimum of six courses. One hundred five patients entered the trial with 92
      patients being evaluable. The response rate calculated after clearance by the
      Extramural Review Committee shows four complete and 18 partial responses, i.e.,
      24%, with a median remission duration of 23 weeks. Toxicity and subjective
      tolerance to this regimen were moderate, requiring 140 modifications of 642
      administrations (22%). Main toxicities were nausea and vomiting (95%), leucopenia
      (70%), alopecia (56%), peripheral neuropathy (32%), and nephrotoxicity (17%). The
      discussion emphasizes some particular points of interest in the management of
      advanced malignant melanoma.

PMID- 3409185
TI  - Exocrine pancreatic function following intraoperative irradiation of the canine
      pancreas.
AB  - Twenty-four beagles received intraoperative irradiation (IORT) with 6 meV
      electrons to the pancreas and the duodenum. Intraoperative irradiation doses of
      17.5 to 40 Gy were given. Billroth II gastrojejunostomy was done to bypass the
      irradiated duodenum. Six control dogs received only the Billroth II surgery. Two
      weeks postoperatively, irradiated dogs were given 50 Gy of 6 MV X radiation
      (external-beam radiation [EBRT]) to the pancreas and duodenum in 2 Gy fractions
      over a 5-week period. Dogs were monitored clinically and exocrine pancreatic
      function was evaluated using an N-benzoyl-l-tyrosyl-para-aminobenzoic acid (BT
      PABA) test between 3 and 135 days postoperatively. Necropsies were performed on
      the dogs at 135 days postoperatively. The degree of gross pancreatic atrophy in
      the irradiated group was dose related. The mean percentage of normal acinar cells
      correlated with IORT doses and para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) values (P less than
      0.1). Weight loss was significantly greater in the irradiated dogs compared to
      the control (P less than 0.05) and the mean percentage of body weight loss
      correlated with the mean PABA values (P less than 0.01). In this study, the use
      of the BT-PABA test to evaluate progressive exocrine pancreatic function
      following IORT and EBRT showed an expected trend. A progressive decrease in
      exocrine pancreatic function in the irradiated dogs as indicated by plasma PABA
      levels may have been partly due to late radiation damage to acinar cells,
      secondary to vascular and ductular damage. At 135 days postoperatively none of
      the dogs showed clinical signs of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and the
      plasma PABA levels were within the normal presurgical range. The progressive
      decrease in plasma PABA levels indicated a potential for the late development of
      exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. The BT-PABA test could be useful for
      evaluating the progressive decrease in exocrine pancreatic function and residual
      radiation injury to the pancreas. Because the exocrine deficiency can be managed
      with replacement therapy, pancreatic injury may not be a serious complication
      after doses of less than 30 Gy IORT with 50 Gy EBRT. Data from this study are in
      agreement with previous clinical and experimental reports that the duodenum is
      dose-limiting for IORT. Doses of 20 Gy IORT or less plus 50 Gy EBRT for treatment
      of carcinoma of the pancreas may not result in serious long-term complications
      due to radiation injury of the duodenum.

PMID- 3409186
TI  - Chromosome abnormalities and karyotypic evolution in 83 patients with
      myelodysplastic syndrome and predictive value for prognosis.
AB  - In a chromosome study of 83 patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), 50
      showed a clonally abnormal karyotype. The most frequent abnormalities were the
      whole or a partial loss of the long arm of chromosome 7 (-7 or 7q-) (14 patients)
      and a partial loss of the long arm of chromosome 5 (5q-) (11 patients). Twenty
      patients with 5q- and/or -7 or 7q- had a shorter survival (median, 5 months) than
      those with other abnormal karyotypes (22 months) or those with a normal karyotype
      (28 months). In this series 30 patients were examined cytogenetically on two or
      more occasions during the course of their illness. Ten patients showed a further
      karyotypic alteration from the initial findings, and, concomitantly, their
      disease progressed in severity including overt leukemia. These patients had a
      shorter survival (median, 2 months) after the chromosome reanalysis than the
      other 20 patients who did not have further karyotypic changes (21 months). Thus,
      the prognosis of patients with MDS can be predicted more accurately by
      reanalyzing the chromosomes after the initial analysis.

PMID- 3409187
TI  - Basic and acidic isoferritins in the sera of patients with neuroblastoma.
AB  - Serum ferritin frequently is elevated in patients with neuroblastoma.
      Isoferritins extracted from neuroblastoma tumors and cells in culture show a wide
      range from basic (rich in L subunit) to acidic (rich in H subunit) isoferritins.
      Total ferritin is a combination of basic and acidic isoferritins. Forty-four
      serum samples from 25 patients with neuroblastoma were measured for basic and
      acidic isoferritin levels by radioimmunoassay using antibodies to liver (basic)
      ferritin and HeLa (acidic) ferritin. Normal ranges for basic and acidic serum
      ferritins were 7 to 142 ng/ml (median, 30 ng/ml) and 0 to 12 ng/ml (median, 3.4),
      respectively. Basic ferritins in the 44 neuroblastoma sera ranged from 0 to 1460
      ng/ml, and acidic ferritins, 0 to 40 ng/ml. Sera with high levels of acidic
      ferritins always had increased basic ferritins. Thus, acidic/basic ferritin
      ratios were nearly constant, less than 0.3 in all sera. There was a significant
      linear correlation between basic and acidic isoferritins (r = 0.833). These
      results suggest that neuroblastoma tumors produce both basic and acidic
      isoferritins and release them into circulation. However, there is no acidic
      ferritinemia not accompanied by basic ferritinemia. Therefore, the commercial
      assay for basic isoferritin currently seems sufficient for clinical prognostic
      purposes.

PMID- 3409188
TI  - Thrombocytosis in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma.
AB  - Platelet counts were studied retrospectively in a series of 64 patients suspected
      of primary malignant pleural mesothelioma. Only platelet counts taken before
      chemotherapy and radiotherapy and surgery other than thoracocentesis were
      considered. Thirty-two patients had malignant pleural mesothelioma and 32
      patients had other malignant disease in pleura. In both groups 34% had slightly
      elevated platelet counts. In a subgroup consisting of 18 patients with primary
      pulmonary adenocarcinoma 28% had thrombocytosis. The distribution of platelet
      counts did not differ in the diagnostic subgroups, and thrombocytosis had no
      differential diagnostic value in patients with malignant disease in any stage in
      the pleurae. The frequency of thromboembolic episodes was low.

PMID- 3409189
TI  - Cutaneous malignant melanoma (Arizona Cancer Center experience). I. Natural
      history and prognostic factors influencing survival in patients with stage I
      disease.
AB  - The authors have studied the natural history of 377 patients with Stage I
      cutaneous malignant melanoma followed at the Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson. Two
      hundred eight patients, or 55%, remained free of metastatic disease after a
      median follow-up of 30 months. The survival at 5, 8, and 10 years was 69, 65, and
      63%, respectively. Natural breakpoints in Breslow thickness for survival occurred
      at 0.85, 1.95, and 4.00 mm. These are not significantly different from those
      found by other investigators. A step-down multivariate analysis using the Cox
      regression model yielded four factors as highly significant in predicting
      survival: Breslow thickness (P less than 0.001), an age/sex interaction (P =
      0.0012), clinical ulceration (P = 0.0039), and a prophylactic node dissection (P
      = 0.019). No predictive value for a BANS or non-BANS location was detected. These
      results are discussed in reference to other large series which describe the
      natural history of cutaneous melanoma.

PMID- 3409190
TI  - Assessment of quality of survival in children with medulloblastoma and cerebellar
      astrocytoma.
AB  - To determine the quality of survival for children with posterior fossa tumors,
      comprehensive neuropsychological, behavioral, and academic assessment and
      physician ratings of functional status were obtained on 15 brain tumor patients
      (ages 6-19 years) at a median of 20 months post-diagnosis. More than 50% of the
      children (whether irradiated or not) experienced major problems in academic,
      motor, sensory, cognitive, and emotional function. All but two children were
      reported by teachers to be "slow workers," and four of 15 patients were able to
      maintain their school work in regular classes. Although 80% of the patients were
      rated by physicians as having "excellent" or "good" functional status, no
      relationship was found between these global ratings and psychometric measures.
      Although the affected site was the posterior fossa, deficits also involved higher
      cortical function. These findings indicate the need for further evaluation of
      treatment effects and the provision of intervention for survivors.

PMID- 3409191
TI  - Spontaneous regression of intestinal malignant melanoma from an occult primary
      site.
AB  - A 55-year-old male patient who had melena and intussusception that proved to be
      due to malignant melanoma of the small intestine is described. History and close
      examination failed to show any evidence of a primary lesion. The diagnosis was
      made after a biopsy was performed on two lesions in the neck. This was followed
      by a palliative and incomplete resection of an involved ileal segment. The
      patient did not receive chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or immunotherapy. He is now
      alive 8 years after diagnosis without evidence of malignancy. This case
      represents spontaneous regression of malignant melanoma of the small intestine
      that is considered either a primary intestinal tumor or a metastatic tumor from
      an occult regressed primary. The latter assumption makes this case unique in that
      spontaneous regression occurred twice, once in the occult primary lesion and once
      in the intestinal metastases.

PMID- 3409193
TI  - Automatic ventricular edge detection for determination of left ventricular
      volumes, ejection fraction and regional ejection fractions from first pass
      radioisotope angiography.
AB  - An automated method for detection of left ventricular (LV) outline (including the
      aortic and mitral valve planes) was developed for measurements of end-diastolic
      volume (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV), global ejection fraction (EF), and
      regional EFs from first pass radioisotope ventriculography. The procedure
      includes: (1) interpolative background subtraction, (2) construction of gradient
      images, (3) automatic detection of valve planes, and (4) automatic radial search
      of LV outlines. The correlation between contrast angiography and Tc-99m first
      pass study was r = 0.84 (SEE = 23.4) for EDV, r = 0.93 (SEE = 12.8) for ESV, r =
      0.84 (SEE = 6.91) for EF (via counts) and r = 0.80 (SEE = 8.56) for EF (via area
      length method). Tests of intra-observer, inter-observer and inter-study
      variability revealed low level of variability. The results showed the potential
      of the automation of data processing for first pass radioisotope
      ventriculography.

PMID- 3409192
TI  - Computed radiography utilizing laser-stimulated luminescence: detectability of
      simulated low-contrast radiographic objects.
AB  - Threshold contrasts of low-contrast objects with computed radiography (CR) images
      were compared with those of blue and green emitting screen-film systems by
      employing the 18-alternative forced choice (18-AFC) procedure. The dependence of
      the threshold contrast on the incident X-ray exposure and also the object size
      was studied. The results indicated that the threshold contrasts of CR system were
      comparable to those of blue and green screen-film systems and decreased with
      increasing object size, and increased with decreasing incident X-ray exposure.
      The increase in threshold contrasts was small when the relative incident exposure
      decreased from 1 to 1/4, and was large when incident exposure was decreased
      further.

PMID- 3409194
TI  - The right-left symmetry axis of the brain on CT.
AB  - The location of the brain's symmetry axis on computerized tomography (CT) images
      was mathematically formulated. A series of computer programs were written to
      "peel off" the skull and artifacts external to the skull. Image lines were then
      tested for right-left symmetry and in each line a pixel was selected which best
      represented the center of symmetry of the skull contents. The resultant
      calculated symmetry line of images with and without pathology was comparable to
      the visually determined symmetry axis. This method permits computed screening for
      right-left asymmetry.

PMID- 3409195
TI  - Low cost MRI of the paranasal sinuses.
AB  - The use of automated tuning, automated MR protocol sequences, surface coils, and
      grouping of patients with similar examinations, patient throughput can be greatly
      accelerated for MRI scanning. These measures coupled with high volume scanning
      permit significant reductions in cost so that MRI can be performed at a price
      range equal to or less than plain films for some examinations. The ability of MRI
      to perform axial, sagittal and coronal scans with excellent tissue contrast
      raises the possibility of substituting MRI for sinus x-rays. Based on our
      preliminary experience we have the opinion that MR is equal to/or better than CT
      in this region. This preference is currently being investigated. Only the cost
      issue will be addressed in this report.

PMID- 3409196
TI  - MR visualization and clinical significance of the anterior longitudinal epidural
      venous plexus in cervical extra-axial lesions.
AB  - A thin band of intermediate signal intensity behind the cervical vertebral
      bodies, demonstrated on sagittal MR images, was attributed to the anterior
      longitudinal epidural venous (AEVP). Percentage visualization and clinical
      significance of this structure were evaluated in extra-axial lesions of the
      spinal cord. In review of 50 normal controls, the percentage visualization of
      this structure at each cervical vertebral level was 25.5% on T1 weighted sagittal
      SE images, while that of T2 or proton density weighted SE images was 26.0%. AEVP
      was demonstrated by sagittal MRI in 29 of 128 extra-axial lesions of the cervical
      cord (22.7%), including cervical spondylosis, ossification of the posterior
      longitudinal ligament (PLL), herniated disk and spondylosis at a single level.
      AEVP in these conditions was often thickened compared with normal controls,
      probably due to venous engorgement and contribution of the dura mater and PLL.
      Posterior displacement of this structure or "lifted band appearance" indicated
      herniated disk or posteriorly protruding osteophyte, demonstrating true
      anteroposterior diameter of the spinal canal. Demonstration of AEVP on sagittal
      MRI was important in the diagnosis of extra-axial lesions of the cervical cord.

PMID- 3409197
TI  - Ocular melanoma with retinal detachment: double density sign on CT.
AB  - A CT examination of a woman with an intraocular melanoma revealed a high density
      mass lesion with an adjacent retinal detachment of slightly lower density. The
      "double density" identified in this case can serve as a useful sign in
      distinguishing melanomatous lesions with accompanying retinal tears.

PMID- 3409198
TI  - Malignant mesothelioma arising in the pouch of Douglas: computed tomography
      appearance (a case report).
AB  - An unusual case of a malignant peritoneal mesothelioma arising in the pouch of
      Douglas is presented. The tumor spread along the serosal surfaces of this space
      but invaded the bowel cephalad to it. A high degree of suspicion aids in
      considering this rare tumor in the differential diagnosis and early detection may
      lead to improved survival.

PMID- 3409199
TI  - Traumatic closed iliac bone biopsy defect simulating involvement by Hodgkin's
      disease.
AB  - A case is presented in which post biopsy changes in the iliac bone following
      traumatic closed biopsy resembled Hodgkin's disease radiographically and with
      computed tomography.

PMID- 3409200
TI  - Distamycin A-inducible fragile sites and cancer proneness.
AB  - To determine the baseline frequency of autosomal rare fragile sites in cancer
      patients, we conducted a population cytogenetic study of 370 patients with
      leukemias, solid tumors, and other neoplastic disorders. Twenty carriers of rare
      fragile sites were detected in this patient group. The rare autosomal fragile
      sites were at fra(8)(q24), fra(11)(p15), fra(16)(p12.1), fra(16)(q22), and
      fra(17)(p12). All of these fragile sites were found to be distamycin A inducible.
      Compared with a population incidence in healthy subjects (44 of 845, 5.21%), the
      overall incidence of distamycin A-inducible fragile sites was not higher in the
      patient group (20 of 370, 5.41%). Analysis of these individual fragile sites and
      particular diseases, however, suggests that the distamycin A-inducible fragile
      sites may play a role in the etiology of leukemia, myeloproliferative disorders,
      and benign tumors.

PMID- 3409201
TI  - Chromosome abnormalities in leiomyosarcomas.
AB  - Short-term cultures from seven soft tissue leiomyosarcomas were investigated
      cytogenetically. Sufficient mitoses for chromosome analysis were obtained in six
      cases, four of which had only normal karyotypes. In one tumor, an intramuscular
      leiomyosarcoma of the lower arm, a variety of nonclonal structural and numerical
      aberrations were found in two thirds of the metaphases. Another tumor, a
      subcutaneous leiomyosarcoma of the knee, had clonal abnormalities resulting in
      the karyotype 46,X,der(X)t(X;4)(:Xq26----cen----Xp22::4q23----4qter) ,
      del(4)(q23)/47,X,der(X)t(X;4),del(4)(q23), + 20. Flow cytofluorometric
      measurements of the DNA content in the six leiomyosarcomas successfully
      karyotyped revealed diploid values in five tumors. The leiomyosarcoma displaying
      numerous nonclonal changes had two cytofluorometric peaks, 1.01 and 1.39,
      indicating that the metaphases available for cytogenetic study cannot have been
      fully representative of the tumor stemline.

PMID- 3409202
TI  - Unique display of a pathologic karyotype in Hodgkin's disease by Reed-Sternberg
      cells.
AB  - The clonality of Reed-Sternberg cells is still a matter of controversy. In
      Hodgkin's disease, these cells rarely constitute more than 2% of all cells in
      tissue biopsies of lymph node lesions, the rest being a large collection of
      various reactive cells. To determine in which cells the abnormal karyotype
      occurs, we studied two patients with Hodgkin's disease by a cytogenetic method
      allowing simultaneous analysis of cell morphology, immunologic phenotype, and
      karyotype in the same mitotic cell. The Ber-H2 (CD30) and Leu-M1 (CD15)
      monoclonal antibodies were used to identify mitotic Reed-Sternberg cells. In 24
      48-hour cultures of lymph node cells from Hodgkin's lesions, there was a mixture
      of cells with an abnormal clonal karyotype and a normal karyotype. The abnormal
      clonal karyotype was restricted to Ber-H2- and Leu-M1-positive cells, i.e., the
      Reed-Sternberg cells. In keeping with these findings, most of the clonal atypical
      karyotypes occurred in kappa- and lambda-positive large cells, i.e., Reed
      Sternberg cells. Mitotic cells with T markers (CD3,4,8) or B markers (CD22) had
      the normal karyotype. There were no mitoses in cells expressing the antigens
      recognized by Leu11 (CD16) or Leu11 + Leu7. These findings provide strong
      evidence suggesting that in Hodgkin's disease only the Reed-Sternberg cells
      possess a clonal karyotypic abnormality and thus are most probably the only
      neoplastic component in Hodgkin's disease.

PMID- 3409203
TI  - Dietary iron enhances the tumor rate in dimethylhydrazine-induced colon
      carcinogenesis in mice.
AB  - Treatment of male mice with 20 mg/kg dimethylhydrazine (DMH) s.c. for 10 weeks
      caused a mean tumour rate of 3.5 after 20 weeks. Dietary iron (3.5% Fefumarate
      for 10 weeks) enhanced the mean tumour rate to 13.9. All tumours detected were
      localized exclusively in the distal colon and rectum. The iron load caused a 6.5
      fold increase in the mucosal Fe-concentration in the proximal as well as distal
      colon. DMH-demethylase activity was not influenced by iron and did not differ
      between proximal and distal segments. Cytosolic alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH)
      activity was also not altered by iron, but was 3.3-fold higher in the distal
      colon and rectum as compared to proximal segments; this might explain the DMH
      induced tumorigenesis in the distal colon only. It is suggested that iron ions
      might evoke cocarcinogenic activity by a stimulation of cell proliferation.

PMID- 3409204
TI  - Nitrosodimethylamine metabolism in rat ovaries. Interactions of its metabolites
      with nucleic acids and proteins.
AB  - N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) was metabolized by ovarian slices of noninbred
      Sprague-Dawley rats (200-250 g body wt, to CO2 and to reactive metabolites that
      bind covalently to nucleic acids. That ability was about 10 or 5 times smaller
      than the one observed in liver slices, respectively. Both ovarian microsomes and
      mitochondria were able to biotransform NDMA to formaldehyde and to reactive
      metabolites that bind covalently to proteins. Formaldehyde formation by
      microsomes was significantly higher than that by ovarian mitochondria but of the
      same order of magnitude. Ability to lead to covalent binding to proteins in
      microsomes was not significantly different from that in the respective
      mitochondrial fraction. DNA isolated from ovarian slices activating NDMA revealed
      the presence of the altered bases 7-methylguanine (7-MeGua) and O6-methylguanine
      (O6-MeGua) resulting from NDMA reactive metabolites' attack. Results suggest
      potential, mutagenic, carcinogenic and reproductive risks derived from women's
      exposure to NDMA present in tobacco smoke, food, beverages, workplace or other
      environmental sources.

PMID- 3409205
TI  - Effects of treatment with embryonic and uterine tissue homogenates on Lewis lung
      carcinoma development.
AB  - Based on the hypothesis that the development of cancer is actively inhibited
      during embryonic life, the effects on tumor growth of homogenates of different
      tissues (embryos, uteri at ninth day of pregnancy, non-pregnant uteri and normal
      liver) were investigated in syngeneic C57BL/6 female mice. Primary tumor growth
      and spontaneous pulmonary metastasis formation were completely suppressed in the
      group of mice treated with pregnant uteri homogenates. Embryos, non-pregnant
      uteri and normal liver homogenates were ineffective.

PMID- 3409206
TI  - Synthesis and cytotoxic effects of hydroxymethyl-3-pyridyl- and 2-chloro-5
      pyridyltriazene derivatives.
AB  - 3-Hydroxymethyl-3-methyl-1-(3-pyridyl)-triazene (III) and 3-hydroxymethyl-3
      methyl-1-(2-chloro-5-pyridyl)-triazene (VI) were synthesized and their cytotoxic
      effects towards S180 cells compared with those of the corresponding
      dimethyltriazene and monomethyltriazene derivatives. The hydroxy-methyltriazenes
      were one to two orders of magnitude more inhibitory than the corresponding
      dimethyl analogs, as assessed by cell growth, colony forming and macromolecular
      synthesis assays. Comparable effects were observed with the related monomethyl
      triazenes indicating that the activity of (III) and (VI) could result, at least
      in part, from release of monomethyl derivatives. The corresponding
      dimethyltriazenes were much less toxic to S180 cells and exerted only an
      unspecific cytotoxic activity at the maximal attainable dose (5 X 10(-3) M). The
      cytotoxic activities of the tested triazenes were correlated with their chemical
      half-lives under near physiological conditions (pH 7.5).

PMID- 3409207
TI  - Acute and chronic effects of diacetoxyscirpenol on cell replication in rat
      esophagus and stomach.
AB  - The effect of the mycotoxin diacetoxyscirpenol (DS) on the upper alimentary tract
      was studied on account of the association between the consumption of food
      contaminated by Fusaria and esophageal cancer. Previously it had been shown that
      a single high dose of DS induced basal cell replication in esophagus and in
      squamous and glandular stomach. To assess the significance of this effect in
      relation to the levels of exposure likely to be encountered by man and
      agricultural animals, it was essential to examine the dose response relationship.
      Also, the long-term effect of repeated intubations of DS, and of chronic feeding
      of DS at 10 ppm in the diet, was studied. Intubation of progressively lower doses
      of DS produced a decreasing effect on replication in esophagus and stomach, but
      at 0.06 mg/kg replication in squamous and glandular stomach was still more than
      in the control animals. Intubation repeated weekly for 6-8 weeks produced no
      detectable change in esophagus or stomach in the surviving animals which were
      killed at 9 months. When DS was fed in the diet, there was marked hyperplasia in
      the squamous stomach of two of the four animals which survived for 9 months.
      These results suggest that DS per se is not carcinogenic for esophagus or for
      stomach, and that exposure to occasional high doses does not cause persisting
      abnormalities in replication. However, repeated exposure to high doses would
      cause repeated periods of hyperplasia, and chronic exposure in some animals could
      result in continuing hyperplasia. Any increase in replication is likely to
      promote cancer by increasing the vulnerability of the gastric and esophageal
      mucosa to carcinogens.

PMID- 3409208
TI  - The reduction of intracellular polyamines by sequential inhibition of the
      synthesis of decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine: effects on rat leukemia.
AB  - Decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) is an aminopropyl donor in the
      synthesis of the polyamines, spermidine and spermine. The decarboxylation of SAM
      is inhibited by the toxic cytostatic drug methylglyoxalbis-(guanylhydrazone)
      (MGBG). To achieve more specific and less toxic effects of MGBG, this drug was
      combined with cycloleucine, which inhibits SAM synthesis, and with nitrous oxide,
      which inhibits methionine synthetase. This treatment thus aimed at sequential
      inhibition of the synthesis of decarboxylated SAM, and was studied in a rat
      leukemia model (BNML). Combined treatment further decreased the level of
      spermine, but not of spermidine, in leukemic cells, compared to the effects of
      MGBG alone. The therapeutic effects of this combination were additive or less
      than additive, however. MGBG was not very effective in reducing leukemic growth
      and severely toxic, although less with combined treatment. Another inhibitor of
      SAM decarboxylase, berenil, was also used, and although this drug was about
      equally active in inhibition of leukemic growth, alterations in intracellular
      polyamines were not observed. The combination of nitrous oxide and cycloleucine,
      which effectively reduced leukemic growth at non-toxic dosages, selectively
      inhibited spermine synthesis, and therefore may be used to interfere with
      polyamine metabolism. The relevance of this polyamine deprivation to the
      treatment of leukemia could not be demonstrated.

PMID- 3409209
TI  - Isolation and identification of a tumour reducing component from mistletoe
      extract (Iscador).
AB  - Using a combination of gel filtration and paper chromatography, a tumour reducing
      component from mistletoe extract (Iscador) was isolated and identified to be a
      peptide of approximate molecular weight 5000. The isolated peptide reduced the
      solid tumour induced by Dalton's lymphoma ascites tumour cells (DLA cells) in
      mice. The isolated component was very cytotoxic to the DLA cells but was not
      cytotoxic to normal lymphocytes, indicating a cell dependent specificity.

PMID- 3409210
TI  - Use of a tetrazolium based colorimetric assay in assessing photoradiation therapy
      in vitro.
AB  - The suitability of a colorimetric [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5
      diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT)] assay to the determination of cell viability
      following photoradiation therapy (PRT) of human breast and melanoma cell lines
      has been examined. Results have been shown to correlate with those obtained using
      a clonogenic assay system. Using the MTT assay system it was shown that
      differences occur in the susceptibility of both lines to PDT. In addition it has
      been demonstrated that both lines differ with respect to their ability to develop
      photosensitivity in the presence of hematoporphyrin derivative (HpD). In the
      absence of serum this difference is not as obvious. This MTT assay provides a
      valid, simple and semi-automatable system for assessment of PRT in vitro.

PMID- 3409211
TI  - Inhibition of hepatoma cell growth by a steroid anti-hormone.
AB  - The antiproliferative effect of the potent antiglucocorticoid and antiprogestin
      RU38486, an 11 beta-substituted nor-steroid, was investigated on the HTC cell
      line. Its action clearly visualized in absence of serum, is reversible.
      Dexamethasone does whereas progesterone does not protect the cells against the
      cytostatic effect. Thus, the latter rather depends on the antiglucocorticoid- and
      not on the antiprogestin-function of RU38486. Taking into account the
      antiproliferative action on HTC cells together with the antiglucocorticoid
      behaviour in hepatocytes and hepatomas, our results suggest that RU38486 might
      represent a potential drug for liver tumour therapy.

PMID- 3409213
TI  - Delivery of melanoma-associated immunoglobulin monoclonal antibody and Fab
      fragments to normal brain utilizing osmotic blood-brain barrier disruption.
AB  - Iodinated monoclonal antibodies (IgG 96.5 and two monomeric Fab fragments 96.5
      and 48.7) to melanoma-associated antigens were administered after osmotic blood
      brain barrier (BBB) opening in normal rats. Osmotic BBB disruption significantly
      (P less than 0.0001) increased monoclonal antibody delivery to the brain.
      Following BBB opening and intracarotid administration, there was no difference in
      the disrupted brain concentration integral area under the curve between Fab and
      IgG over the 72-h experimental period. However, Fab concentration in the
      disrupted brain was initially higher than IgG, and the clearance was more rapid
      (P less than 0.0001), decreasing 50% by approximately 4.5 h compared to 25.5 h
      for IgG. Plasma clearance was also more rapid for the Fab than IgG. The levels
      decreased 50% by 1.5 h for Fab and 15 h for IgG. The route and timing of antibody
      infusion had a significant effect on delivery to the disrupted brain with the Fab
      fragments but not with the intact IgG. Antibody recovered from disrupted brain
      retained its immunological reactivity as measured by a cell binding assay for at
      least 24 h. IgG and Fab delivery to the ipsilateral brain after BBB disruption
      increased (P less than 0.001) with increasing dose over a more than 3-log dose
      range. These data provide information applicable to the therapeutic use of
      monoclonal antibodies in brain tumor treatment.

PMID- 3409214
TI  - Response of radiation-induced fibrosarcoma-1 in mice to cyclophosphamide
      monitored by in vivo 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
AB  - In vivo 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy has been used to examine the
      RIF-1 fibrosarcoma in mice during untreated growth and following chemotherapy
      with cyclophosphamide. Levels of inorganic phosphate increase relative to
      phosphocreatine or nucleoside triphosphates during early untreated growth. After
      the tumor reaches a volume of approximately 1 g, no further decrease in energy
      level is observed. Following treatment with cyclophosphamide, tumor phosphorus
      metabolite ratios and pH are significantly altered, compared to untreated age
      matched controls. During the growth delay period following chemotherapy there is
      a significant reduction in the ratio of inorganic phosphate to other phosphate
      metabolites, compared to age-matched controls. In addition, a more alkaline pH is
      observed in the tumors of treated animals. When the growth delay period ends,
      nuclear magnetic resonance spectra return to pretreatment patterns. The magnitude
      of the differences in 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectral parameters between
      treated animals and untreated controls is dose dependent. However, doses of
      cyclophosphamide above 200 mg/kg do not result in earlier spectroscopic
      alterations, nor in larger effects by Day 3 after treatment, even though
      clonogenic cell killing and growth delay are greater at these higher doses.

PMID- 3409212
TI  - DNA adduct formation of the carcinogen 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]-quinoline
      in target tissues of the F-344 rat.
AB  - 2-Amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ), a potent bacterial mutagen present
      in broiled sardines, cooked beef and beef extract, is a carcinogen in the F-344
      rat, affecting mainly the liver and small and large intestines. Using 32P
      postlabeling assays, the formation of IQ-DNA adducts was examined in male F-344
      rats. Twenty-four hours after i.p. doses (5-50 mg IQ/kg) the liver, small and
      large intestine each showed the presence of 5 adducts, the liver and large
      intestine having an average of 18.1 and 2.4 times as many adducts, respectively,
      as the small intestine. None of these adducts could be detected in vehicle
      treated animals. It is concluded that IQ forms specific DNA adducts in target
      tissues of the F-344 rat.

PMID- 3409215
TI  - Glycosylation-dependent collagen-binding activities of two membrane glycoproteins
      in MDAY-D2 tumor cells.
AB  - Two highly glycosylated membrane sialoglycoproteins designated P2A and P2B were
      isolated from the lymphoreticular tumor cell line called MDAY-D2 and shown to be
      structurally similar to the lymphocyte glycoprotein called leukosialin and to
      lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein termed LAMP-1, respectively. The loss
      of sialic acid and polylactosamine sequences in glycosylation mutants of MDAY-D2
      has been correlated previously with enhanced cell adhesion on extracellular
      matrix proteins. Since these two glycoproteins bear the majority of the
      sialylated oligosaccharides found in membrane fractions of MDAY-D2, they were
      tested for binding activity on extracellular matrix proteins. Both isolated
      glycoproteins bound to immobilized collagen type I with affinities that were
      dependent on their glycosylation. Enzymatic removal of sialic acid,
      polylactosamine, or complete asparagine-linked chains from purified P2B enhanced
      its binding to collagen, laminin, and fibronectin. In contrast, P2A bound
      specifically to collagen type I and the interaction required the presence of
      sialic acid residues which were sensitive to neuraminidase digestion but not to
      endoglycosidase F. The results suggest that oncodevelopmental regulation of
      oligosaccharide expression on P2A and P2B glycoproteins may modulate their
      binding to extracellular matrix glycoproteins.

PMID- 3409216
TI  - Flavone acetic acid (NSC 347512)-induced modulation of murine tumor physiology
      monitored by in vivo nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
AB  - Flavone acetic acid (FAA), a new drug with broad activity against transplanted
      solid tumors of mice, induces nonrepairable DNA single strand breaks that
      correlate with therapeutic efficacy. To test the hypothesis that the inability of
      the cells to repair single strand breaks is associated with a disruption of tumor
      energy metabolism, in vivo 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra were
      acquired from s.c. implanted Glasgow osteogenic sarcomas in C57BL/6 x DBA/2 F1
      mice both before and after treatment with FAA i.v. at 100, 150, or 200 mg/kg and
      from a control (no treatment) group (n = 4 in each group). While FAA produced a
      dose-dependent decrease in both the nucleoside triphosphates level and pH, only
      treatment with an efficacious dose of 200 mg/kg resulted in both a reduction in
      pH and a complete loss of nucleoside triphosphates from the NMR spectrum at 4 h
      with no recovery until 48 h and little recovery out to 72 h. The ATP
      concentration determined by high pressure liquid chromatography in a parallel set
      of experiments was 5.59 +/- 1.16 (SE) mumol/g (wet weight) in control tumors (n =
      9) and 0.24 +/- 0.12 mumol/g (wet weight) at 4 h after 200 mg/kg FAA (n = 7). To
      examine the possibility that the loss of ATP and decreased pH are associated with
      a reduction in tumor blood flow, we used 2H NMR to monitor the washout of D2O
      injected directly into the tumor both before and 4 h after treatment with 200
      mg/kg FAA. The pretreatment tumor blood flow of 12.4 +/- 1.7 ml/min/100 g was
      reduced to 1.9 +/- 0.5 ml/min/100 g at 4 h after treatment (n = 3). The FAA
      induced reduction of both tumor blood flow and ATP may play an important role in
      its mechanism of action and should be considered in the combination of FAA with
      other drugs or therapeutic modalities. In addition, because 31P NMR can be used
      clinically, it should provide a nonambiguous early indicator of activity for
      clinical trials of FAA.

PMID- 3409217
TI  - Isolation and characterization of the major fluoranthene-hemoglobin adducts
      formed in vivo in the rat.
AB  - The binding of fluoranthene (FA) to hemoglobin was studied both in vitro and in
      vivo in the rat. The in vitro binding of microsomally activated FA to rat
      hemoglobin appeared to involve the fluoranthene 2,3-dihydrodiol-1,10b-epoxides.
      Three classes of hemoglobin adducts were observed in rats chronically
      administered FA in the diet. Based on high pressure liquid chromatography
      retention times, UV and mass spectral evidence, and behavior upon cis-diol
      affinity chromatography, the major class of globin adducts formed in vivo was
      demonstrated to result from binding of syn and anti isomers of FA 2,3-dihydrodiol
      1,10b-epoxides to beta-cysteine-125 of rat hemoglobin. These adducts represented
      at least 41% of the total binding to globin. A minor class of adducts (12% of the
      total binding) appeared to involve the binding of an unidentified FA metabolite
      to the same cysteine residue of the protein. A substantial portion of FA binding
      to rat hemoglobin in vivo (29%) involved metabolic pathways which were not
      duplicated by simple in vitro systems. That portion of the binding to globin has
      not been characterized.

PMID- 3409218
TI  - Profiles of prostaglandin biosynthesis in sixteen established cell lines derived
      from human lung, colon, prostate, and ovarian tumors.
AB  - The profiles of prostanoid biosynthesis from endogenous arachidonic acid in 16
      established cell lines derived from 4 histological classes of human carcinomas
      were determined by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Detectable
      quantities of prostanoids were isolated from the culture medium of cell lines
      representative of the different histological classes of human tumors: colorectal
      adenocarcinomas (one of three cell lines); ovarian adenocarcinomas (one of three
      cell lines); prostate adenocarcinomas (zero of two cell lines); non-small cell
      carcinomas of the lung (four of five cell lines); and small cell carcinomas of
      the lung (zero of three cell lines). Prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha were the only
      prostanoids synthesized in detectable quantities. Prostaglandin E2 biosynthesis
      (mean +/- SD), pmol/10(6) cells, n = 4) in cell lines exhibiting positive
      prostaglandin H synthase activity was: LoVo (colorectal adenocarcinoma, 0.4 +/-
      0.1); A2780 (ovarian adenocarcinoma, 1.3 +/- 0.3); NCI-H322 (bronchioloalveolar
      cell carcinoma, 8.4 +/- 3.1); NCI-H358 (bronchioloalveolar cell carcinoma, 7.8 +/
      2.4); EKVX (adenocarcinoma of the lung, 21.3 +/- 5.5); and A427 (large cell
      undifferentiated carcinoma of the lung, 12.6 +/- 2.8). Prostaglandin F2 alpha
      production (pmol/10(6) cells +/- SD) was: LoVo (0.3 +/- 0.1); NCI-H322 (0.6 +/-
      0.2); NCI-H358 (0.4 +/- 0.1); EKVX (1.8 +/- 0.4); and A427 (11.1 +/- 3.1). These
      findings suggest that within certain limitations cultured tumor cells provide
      simplified experimental systems for determination of prostaglandin biosynthetic
      characteristics of human tumors and that prostanoid biosynthesis may be
      particularly characteristic of certain non-small cell carcinomas of the lung.

PMID- 3409220
TI  - Isolation and characterization of a complementary DNA clone for a Mr 32,000
      protein which is induced with tumor promoters in BALB/c 3T3 cells.
AB  - The synthesis of a protein of Mr 32,000 (p32) is enhanced by various tumor
      promoters, chemical carcinogens, metal salts, and heat shock in BALB/c 3T3 cells.
      We have isolated a complementary DNA (cDNA) clone for p32 from a lambda gt10
      library of BALB/c 3T3 cells. The library was constructed from mRNA extracted from
      the cells treated with sodium arsenite, which stimulates the p32 expression most
      effectively among various agents so far tested. Having screened this library
      differentially with probes which represent induced and uninduced mRNA populations
      for p32, we first obtained a partial p32 cDNA clone and have subsequently
      succeeded in the isolation of a cDNA clone containing the entire coding sequence.
      RNA blot analysis has shown that p32 mRNA is induced as early as 0.5 h after the
      addition of 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate or sodium arsenite. Computer
      assisted comparison with GenBank data has revealed a striking similarity in the
      nucleotide sequences between cDNAs of p32 and rat heme oxygenase. These results
      strongly suggest that p32 is a mouse homolog of this enzyme.

PMID- 3409219
TI  - Regulatory mechanisms of monofunctional and bifunctional anticarcinogenic enzyme
      inducers in murine liver.
AB  - Anticarcinogenic enzyme inducers are of two types: (a) bifunctional inducers
      [2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, polycyclic aromatics, azo dyes, beta
      naphthoflavone] that elevate both Phase II enzymes [e.g., glutathione S
      transferases, UDP-glucuronosyltransferases, and NAD(P)H:(quinone-acceptor)
      oxidoreductase] and certain Phase I enzymes [e.g., aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase
      (AHH)]; and (b) monofunctional inducers [e.g., diphenols, thiocarbamates, 1,2
      dithiol-3-thiones, isothiocyanates] that elevate primarily Phase II enzymes
      without significantly affecting AHH. Since Phase I enzymes such as AHH may
      activate precarcinogens to ultimate carcinogens whereas Phase II enzyme induction
      suffices to achieve chemoprotection, an understanding of the molecular mechanisms
      that regulate these enzymes is critical for devising methods for chemoprotection.
      We report a systematic analysis of the inductions of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase
      (AHH) and NAD(P)H:quinone reductase (QR) by seven monofunctional and eight
      bifunctional inducers, singly or in combination, in a murine hepatoma cell line
      (Hepa 1c1c7) and two mutants defective in either Ah (Aryl hydrocarbon) receptor
      function (BPrc1) or in AHH expression (c1). We have also examined such inductions
      in genetically defined mouse strains with high affinity (C57BL/6J) and low
      affinity (DBA/2J) Ah receptors. The combination of our earlier model for the
      induction of Phase I and Phase II enzymes (H. J. Prochaska, M. J. De Long, and P.
      Talalay, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 82: 8232, 1985) with mechanism(s) for
      autoregulation of AHH (O. Hankinson, R. D. Anderson, B. W. Birren, F. Sander, M.
      Negishi, and D. W. Nebert, J. Biol. Chem., 260: 1790, 1985) is compatible with
      our results. Thus, induction of QR by monofunctional inducers does not depend on
      a competent Ah receptor or AHH activity and appears to involve an electrophilic
      chemical signal. In contrast, bifunctional inducers require competent Ah
      receptors to induce both AHH and QR, although the latter process appears to be
      regulated by more than one mechanism. It is our view that bifunctional inducers
      bind to the Ah receptor thereby enhancing transcription of genes encoding both
      AHH and QR. Metabolizable bifunctional inducers are then converted by the induced
      AHH to products that resemble monofunctional inducers and are capable of
      generating the aforementioned chemical signal. The existence of mechanism(s) for
      AHH autoregulation that also affect Phase II enzyme expression would account for
      the high basal activities of QR in the AHH-defective mutant (c1).

PMID- 3409221
TI  - Formation of interstrand cross-links in chloroacetaldehyde-treated DNA
      demonstrated by ethidium bromide fluorescence.
AB  - Chloroacetaldehyde, the stable metabolite of the human carcinogen vinyl chloride,
      forms interstrand cross-links in vitro in salmon sperm DNA and in the alternating
      copolymer, poly(deoxyadenylate-deoxythymidylate) [poly(dA-dT)]. Formation of the
      cross-link was a function of both time of reaction and concentration of
      chloroacetaldehyde. Cross-linking in chloroacetaldehyde-treated poly(dA-dT) was
      detected initially by changes in renaturation hysteresis [Singer et al.,
      Carcinogenesis (Lond.), 5: 1165-1171, 1984]. This has been confirmed and
      quantitated using the relative fluorescence of ethidium bromide after
      denaturation and reannealing at 40 degrees C. Three percent cross-linking was
      detected after 10 min reaction with 20 mM chloroacetaldehyde at 24 degrees C. In
      DNA the relative fluorescence of ethidium bromide after denaturation and rapid
      cooling was used to estimate the number of cross-links formed. Three times as
      much cross-linking occurs in DNA compared to poly(dA-dT) under identical reaction
      conditions. The postulated structure for an interstrand cross-link in poly(dA-dT)
      is a hydroxyethyl bridge across the strands between the N6-amino groups of
      alternate adenine residues. In DNA, other amino groups in the proper
      configuration can be involved.

PMID- 3409222
TI  - Abnormal blood monocytes in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
AB  - Blood monocytes were analyzed in 28 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia
      without previous cytotoxic therapy and without recent infection. Using monoclonal
      antibodies and flow cytometry, monocytes identified by LeuM3 or My4 were low in
      percentage (2.3%), but absolute numbers were increased in many patients with
      values exceeding the normal range (120 to 510/microliter) in seven of 28
      patients. Monocytosis was more prominent in patients with high leukemic counts,
      but there was no correlation to clinical stages. Monocytopenia was evident with
      less than 50 LeuM3+ cells/microliter in three patients. Two-color fluorescence
      was used for the analysis of cell surface expression of major histocompatibility
      complex (MHC) Class II molecules, complement receptors, and Fc receptors on the
      LeuM3+ monocytes. Compared to cells from control donors, there was an increase
      for MHC class II antigens, complement receptors, and Fc receptors on the
      monocytes in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, in terms of both the percentage of
      positive cells among the LeuM3+ monocytes and of fluorescence intensity. This
      increase was not restricted to patients with monocytosis nor were the molecules
      always upregulated concomitantly. The increase of antigen expression on LeuM3+
      monocytes was more than 50% (1.5-fold) in seven of 22 patients for MHC Class II
      antigens, in seven of 16 patients for complement receptor and in six of 12
      patients for Fc receptor. A similar decrease of antigen expression was observed
      only in one patient for MHC Class II and in one patient for complement receptor
      expression. Monocytosis and increased expression of monocyte cell surface
      antigens described for a large portion of patients might be causally involved in
      the immunodeficiency in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

PMID- 3409223
TI  - Evaluation of a soluble tetrazolium/formazan assay for cell growth and drug
      sensitivity in culture using human and other tumor cell lines.
AB  - We have previously described the application of an automated microculture
      tetrazolium assay (MTA) involving dimethyl sulfoxide solubilization of cellular
      generated 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT)
      formazan to the in vitro assessment of drug effects on cell growth (M.C. Alley et
      al., Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res., 27:389, 1986; M.C. Alley et al., Cancer Res.
      48:589-601, 1988). There are several inherent disadvantages of this assay,
      including the safety hazard of personnel exposure to large quantities of dimethyl
      sulfoxide, the deleterious effects of this solvent on laboratory equipment, and
      the inefficient metabolism of MTT by some human cell lines. Recognition of these
      limitations prompted development of possible alternative MTAs utilizing a
      different tetrazolium reagent, 2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5
      [(phenylamino)carbonyl] -2H- tetrazolium hydroxide (XTT), which is metabolically
      reduced in viable cells to a water-soluble formazan product. This reagent allows
      direct absorbance readings, therefore eliminating a solubilization step and
      shortening the microculture growth assay procedure. Most human tumor cell lines
      examined metabolized XTT less efficiently than MTT; however, the addition of
      phenazine methosulfate (PMS) markedly enhanced cellular reduction of XTT. In the
      presence of PMS, the XTT reagent yielded usable absorbance values for growth and
      drug sensitivity evaluations with a variety of cell lines. Depending on the
      metabolic reductive capacity of a given cell line, the optimal conditions for a 4
      h XTT incubation assay were 50 micrograms of XTT and 0.15 to 0.4 microgram of PMS
      per well. Drug profiles obtained with representative human tumor cell lines for
      several standard compounds utilizing the XTT-PMS methodology were similar to the
      profiles obtained with MTT. Addition of PMS appeared to have little effect on the
      metabolism of MTT. The new XTT reagent thus provides for a simplified, in vitro
      cell growth assay with possible applicability to a variety of problems in
      cellular pharmacology and biology. However, the MTA using the XTT reagent still
      shares many of the limitations and potential pitfalls of MTT or other tetrazolium
      based assays.

PMID- 3409224
TI  - Highly pigmented human melanoma variant which metastasizes widely in nude mice,
      including to skin and brain.
AB  - The properties of a highly malignant human melanoma variant cell line which
      metastasizes in nude mice in a tissue-specific pattern are described. The
      variant, called 70-W, was isolated from the MeWo malignant melanoma by exposure
      of the latter to stepwise increasing concentrations of the toxic lectin, wheat
      germ agglutinin. After nine cycles of treatment a population of wheat germ
      agglutinin-resistant cells was obtained that manifested a 4-fold resistance to
      wheat germ agglutinin, a property which was found to be stable in culture for
      over 6 months in the absence of the lectin. Intravenous inoculation of 70-W cells
      into 4-6-week-old nude mice revealed remarkable differences in metastatic (organ
      colonization) behavior. Whereas the parent MeWo cells gave rise only to lung
      metastases, most of which were amelanotic, injection of the 70-W cells resulted
      in multiple skin (s.c.) and brain and, to a lesser extent, bone marrow, ovarian,
      mesenteric (gut-associated), muscle, and abdominal metastases all of which were
      highly melanotic. This is the first report of brain metastases of a human tumor
      in nude mice. They were found to be bilateral and confined to the deeper layers
      of the cerebral cortex. The unique malignant behavior of 70-W cells in nude mice
      should facilitate studies of host and tumor cell factors involved in human
      melanoma metastasis, melanogenesis, and development of new treatment strategies
      for disseminated human malignant melanoma.

PMID- 3409225
TI  - Growth-stimulatory effect of androgen-induced autocrine growth factor(s) secreted
      from Shionogi carcinoma 115 cells on androgen-unresponsive cancer cells in a
      paracrine mechanism.
AB  - Androgen-responsive (SC-3) and -unresponsive (SC-4) cloned cell lines in culture
      were established from an androgen-responsive mouse mammary tumor, Shionogi
      carcinoma 115. By using a serum-free medium [Ham's F-12:Eagle's minimum essential
      medium (1:1, v/v) containing 0.1% bovine serum albumin], characteristics of
      androgen-induced and autonomous growth factors (GFs) were examined. Serum-free
      conditioned medium (CM) obtained from testosterone-stimulated (+T) SC-3 cells had
      remarkable growth-stimulatory effects on both SC-3 and SC-4 cells. To examine the
      molecular characteristics of GF, CM(+T) from SC-3 was fractioned by heparin
      Sepharose affinity chromatography; two peaks, eluted at 0.5 M (GF-low) and 1.1 M
      NaCl (GF-high) were identified. GF-high had the ability to stimulate growth with
      a morphological change of both SC-3 and SC-4 cells; the GF-high was not found in
      CM from T-unstimulated (-T) SC-3 or CM from SC-4. GF-low stimulated the growth
      without the morphological change of only SC-4 cells; the GF-low was also present
      in CM(-T) from SC-3 and CM from SC-4. The present findings demonstrate that T
      induced autocrine GF-high secreted from SC-3 cells can also stimulate the growth
      of progressed unresponsive SC-4 cells in a paracrine mechanism and that
      autonomous GF-low secreted from both SC-3 and SC-4 cells can stimulate the growth
      of only SC-4 cells.

PMID- 3409226
TI  - Expression of fibronectin on clonally related transformed and control sublines
      from an epithelial cell strain and a tumor line of mouse alveolus.
AB  - The cellular expression of fibronectin and the importance of fibronectin for the
      morphology of cultured cells were studied in a lung epithelial cell system. The
      cells used were clonally related control NAL1A, spontaneously transformed NAL1AS
      cells of the NAL1A cell strain, and transformed clonal sublines of the cell line
      NAL1AM and the tumor cell line NUL1. Fibronectin was detected on the surface of
      NAL1A cells by surface iodination; fibronectin synthesis, secretion, and
      pericellular accumulation were detected in each of the control sublines by
      immunoblot assay, immunoprecipitation of metabolically labeled cell extracts and
      conditioned medium, and was confirmed by immunofluorescence microscopy.
      Fibronectin synthesis, secretion, or accumulation could not be detected by these
      methods in NAL1AS and NAL1AM sublines, or the sublines of NUL1. The control NAL1A
      cells showed enhanced cell spreading on culture substrata of fibronectin or
      extracellular matrix from bovine endothelial cells, as compared to plastic. The
      transformed NAL1AS and NAL1AM cells had the same cell shape when cultured on the
      three different substrata. For these cultured epithelial cells, cellular
      fibronectin expression and sensitivity to the presence of adhesive glycoproteins
      in the culture substrata are seen in the control, anchorage-dependent cells, but
      the transformed cells appear not to express fibronectin and to have a cell shape
      that is unaffected by the nature of the culture substratum.

PMID- 3409227
TI  - Clonal diversity of the Kirsten-ras oncogene during tumor progression in athymic
      nude mice: mechanisms of amplification and rearrangement.
AB  - Single-cell clones from primary and lung metastatic tumors have been evaluated
      for the state of the viral-Kirsten-ras oncogene (v-Ki-ras) by Southern blot
      analysis after injection of Kirsten sarcoma virus-transformed BALB/c 3T3 cells
      (KiMSV, with a replication-defective provirus) into athymic nude mice by four
      different injection routes. While all clones of early-passage KiMSV cells
      contained an EcoRI-generated 5.3-kilobase DNA fragment at high dosage level, most
      clones of late-passage cells had lost this v-Ki-ras fragment or had greatly
      diminished levels. However, all clones of all tumors (greater than 90 tested)
      obtained after injection of these late-passage cells contained a dosage of the
      5.3-kilobase v-Ki-ras band similar to that of the early-passage KiMSV cells,
      suggesting either a very strong selection for v-Ki-ras-bearing cells of the early
      passage type in tumor formation and/or the ability of a subset of late-passage
      cells to amplify this gene to some minimal dosage level. Both flow cytometric
      analyses for DNA content and quantitation of chromosomes showed that all primary
      and lung metastatic tumors had more than twice the number of chromosomes as the
      late-passage KiMSV cells; however, four of 80 late-passage cells had a chromosome
      count in the range of tumors, consistent with their importance in tumor
      generation and possibly amplification of the v-Ki-ras-bearing chromosome. Clonal
      analyses of lung micrometastatic tumors revealed a v-Ki-ras blot pattern
      identical to that of the s.c. primary tumors. However, two of five lung
      metastases from the footpad (as large rapidly growing nodules) and i.v. routes
      had multiple copies of v-Ki-ras in new sites; a second injection round led to
      even greater complexity in v-Ki-ras patterns in clones of lung tumors. Two assays
      were used to demonstrate that these new v-Ki-ras integrations were generated by
      superinfection with a "helper" retrovirus, not sarcomagenic by itself in the nude
      mice, that led to rescue/reinfection of tumor cells with the defective Kirsten
      sarcoma proviral genome--cellular transformation of 3T3 or C3H10T1/2 cells and
      RNA dot blot analyses for medium-secreted retrovirus specific for LTR or v-Ki-ras
      sequences. This "helper" retrovirus could not be detected in early- or late
      passage KiMSV cells used for inoculation but could be detected in certain tissues
      of normal nude mice, demonstrating its in vivo origin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400
      WORDS)

PMID- 3409228
TI  - Enhancement of lung tumor colony formation by treatment of mice with monoclonal
      antibodies to pulmonary capillary endothelial cells.
AB  - Two rat monoclonal antibodies, 34A and 201B, have been isolated and shown to bind
      preferentially to capillary endothelial cells in the lung. Administration of
      these antibodies to mice increases the number of lung colonies derived from i.v.
      injection of tumor cells. The antibodies increase lung colonization in C57BL/6
      mice following i.v. injection of B16-F10 melanoma cells and in BALB/c mice
      following injection of line 1 lung carcinoma cells. Neither 34A nor 201B
      monoclonal antibody binds to B16 melanoma or line 1 carcinoma and so must exert
      its effect by interaction with endothelial cells. Antibodies injected i.v., s.c.,
      or i.p. are active from 1 h to 1 wk if injected before cell injection. The effect
      is optimal when 0.1 ml of ascites fluid containing 120 micrograms of antigen
      binding capacity of both MoAbs 34A and 201B is injected. Significant damage to
      endothelial cells could not be documented by histopathological examination at the
      light microscope level or by protein leakage into the air space as measured by
      lung lavage. However, electron micrographs taken 3 h after monoclonal antibody
      injection show minor damage to endothelial cell membranes throughout the lung
      with some areas of mild edema. The increased colonization may be mediated by this
      subtle damage to endothelial cells, or antibody interactions with endothelial
      cells may trigger secondary reactions such as altered expression of growth
      factors.

PMID- 3409229
TI  - Malignant properties of sublines selected from a human bladder cancer cell line
      that contains an activated c-Ha-ras oncogene.
AB  - The human bladder cancer cell line MGH-U1 (also designated T-24 or EJ) contains
      an activated c-Ha-ras oncogene, which is amplified as compared to normal human
      fibroblasts. We have generated sublines from the MGH-U1 cell line: the MGH-U1/OCI
      subline was generated by dissociating spheroids formed from MGH-U1 cells; the U1
      m/F1 and OCI-m/F1 were generated by in vivo passage of experimental lung
      metastases formed after i.v. injection of MGH-U1 and MGH-U1/OCI lines into immune
      deprived mice; the U1/t subline was generated by in vivo passage of i.m. tumors
      formed from MGH-U1 cells. All sublines formed tumors in immune-deprived mice from
      smaller i.m. inocula than the parent line, and the U1-m/F1 subline generated more
      spontaneous metastases in lungs. Lung colony forming efficiency after i.v.
      injections of cells into similar mice was also greater for the sublines than for
      the parent MGH-U1 cells. The U1-m/F1 and OCI-m/F1 were the most tumorigenic
      lines. Early passages of the MGH-U1/OCI subline showed the presence of double
      minute chromosomes, and amplification and increased expression of the c-Ha-ras
      oncogene as compared to the parental cell line. These changes were not present in
      later cultures of MGH-U1/OCI cells, and no consistent difference in the levels of
      gene amplification or expression between the parent line and the sublines was
      found. Thus the content and expression of the activated c-Ha-ras oncogene does
      not correlate with malignant properties of the sublines.

PMID- 3409230
TI  - Activity of the cytosolic isozyme of thymidine kinase in human primary lung
      tumors with reference to malignancy.
AB  - Activity increase of the cytosolic isozyme of thymidine kinase (TK) in resected
      specimens of lung tumor patients would be a useful marker for tumor malignancy
      and prognosis. In 24 resected cases of malignant lung tumors, the whole enzyme
      extracts of the tumorous part of the specimens showed that the activities of TK,
      thymidylate synthetase, and ribonucleotide reductase increased at an average of
      469 (P less than 0.001), 208 (not significant), and 193% (P less than 0.02) of
      the corresponding enzymes in the tumor-uninvolved lung parts, respectively. Two
      TK isozymes, cytosolic and mitochondrial TKs, were separated better by means of p
      aminophenyl 3'-TMP:CH-Sepharose gel affinity column chromatography for precise
      quantitation of the activity than by polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis.
      These separated isozymes from the tumorous part of the specimens were
      characteristically very similar to the isozymes of cytosolic and mitochondrial
      fractions of the xenograft (CPX-101) of human lung tumor transplanted in athymic
      nude mice, respectively. The cytosolic isozyme activity isolated by this method
      from the tumorous part was remarkably higher and more varied than that of the
      tumor-uninvolved part, while that of the mitochondrial isozyme was lower and less
      agitated. The tumor doubling time showed a good inverse correlation to the
      activity of the cytosolic isozyme of TK when compared logarithmically (r = 
      0.798, P less than 0.01). Poorly differentiated tumors exhibited significantly
      higher activities of the TK cytosolic isozyme than did well-to-moderately
      differentiated tumors (766.0 +/- 379.1 and 308.1 +/- 119.5 pmol/mg of protein/h,
      mean +/- SE, respectively), a phenomenon also seen in the activities of the
      tumors with versus without recurrences within 12 mo after resection (803.6 +/-
      278.7 and 124.1 +/- 42.1 pmol/mg of protein/h, respectively). The levels of these
      relationships using the cytosolic TK activity provided a clearer indication of
      prognosis and the state of the malignancy than those using the whole extract TK
      activity.

PMID- 3409231
TI  - Natural killer cell cytotoxicity in the peripheral blood, cervical lymph nodes,
      and tumor of head and neck cancer patients.
AB  - This study evaluated peripheral blood lymphocyte and lymph node lymphocyte
      natural killer (NK) cell activity in 22 patients with head and neck squamous cell
      carcinoma and eight patients undergoing surgery for nonmalignant conditions who
      served as controls. A novel mixed-model analysis of variance was used to analyze
      the results because of the inherent difficulties in data interpretation among
      heterogeneous groups when several concurrent variables impinge upon the results.
      The peripheral blood lymphocyte NK activity of cancer patients was significantly
      less than controls. In contrast, lytic activity from uninvolved draining lymph
      nodes of cancer patients was comparable to the activity of control nodes.
      However, if the node contained a small focus of metastatic tumor, NK activity was
      significantly diminished relative to uninvolved nodes from cancer patients or to
      control nodes. The mixed-model analysis of variance was particularly helpful in
      confirming this finding. Finally, NK lysis by tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes,
      purified from grossly metastatic nodes, was severely depressed. These data
      indicate that a spectrum of NK suppression exists in draining lymph nodes of head
      and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients, and that the level of activity depends
      upon the degree of nodal tumor involvement.

PMID- 3409232
TI  - Incidence of cutaneous melanoma in the United States by histology with special
      reference to the face.
AB  - Cutaneous melanoma has been classified into three distinct histological subtypes
      based on histopathological and clinical features. The incidence of the least
      common type, lentigo maligna melanoma, has been most strongly associated with
      chronic sunlight exposure as its cause, especially lesions presenting on the face
      area. The relationship of sunlight exposure to the other two major subtypes,
      superficial spreading melanoma and nodular melanoma, is unclear. Based on over
      13,000 cases of cutaneous melanoma collected by the Surveillance, Epidemiology,
      and End Results (SEER) program of the NCI, we report histological-specific
      incidence rates within four major anatomic sites: face, trunk, arm and shoulder,
      and leg and hip. The anatomic distribution for all histologies combined was the
      same as often reported with a male preponderance of melanomas on the face and
      trunk and female preponderance on the arm and leg. Age-specific incidence for
      melanoma of the face increased steadily with age in both genders, whereas it did
      not for the other three sites. The nine SEER areas were divided into North,
      Central, and South based on the UV index for each area. For melanomas of the
      face, lentigo maligna melanoma was higher in the Central and South than the North
      for both genders and increased with age. For superficial spreading melanoma, the
      pattern of occurrence was different. Incidence was higher in the Central than the
      North and for males it increased with age. There was a smaller increase for
      females. This study documents the incidence of cutaneous melanoma by histological
      subtype within four anatomic sites. The different shapes of the age-incidence
      curves suggest that different histologies may react differently to sunlight
      exposure as an etiological factor. Our findings strongly support the importance
      of considering histological subtypes of cutaneous melanoma in future etiological
      studies.

PMID- 3409233
TI  - Persistently elevated sister chromatid exchanges in ethylene oxide-exposed
      primates: the role of a subpopulation of high frequency cells.
AB  - Ethylene oxide (EtO) is a potent DNA-alkylating agent which has been shown to
      induce sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of
      exposed workers. To study further the persistence of EtO-induced SCE, we have
      examined lymphocytes from a group of cynomolgus monkeys exposed to EtO in
      control, 50-ppm, and 100-ppm concentrations for 7 h/day, 5 days/week over the
      years 1979-1981. The data collected in 1987 were compared with those generated
      immediately prior to the cessation of exposure in 1981. EtO-induced SCE persisted
      at levels significantly above those of the nonexposed controls. Comparison of the
      distributions of SCE between 1979 and 1987 shows that, although mean SCE
      decreased from 1981 to 1987, the mean SCE in the top 10% of the distribution has
      not diminished over time. Consequently, the increased level of SCE is entirely
      attributable to a subpopulation of cells with high frequencies of SCE. These
      findings suggest that long-lived lymphocytes may inefficiently repair EtO-induced
      lesions which produce SCE. The results also have important implications for the
      proper use of SCE analytical techniques in the epidemiological study of
      cytogenetic damage after chronic exposure to DNA-alkylating agents.

PMID- 3409234
TI  - Antibodies against 7-methyldeoxyguanosine: its detection in rat peripheral blood
      lymphocyte DNA and potential applications to molecular epidemiology.
AB  - Polyclonal antibodies have been raised against the imidazole ring-open form of 7
      methyldeoxyguanosine (7-mdGua). A combined high performance liquid
      chromatography/immunoassay method has been developed using these antibodies which
      provides a specific and sensitive way to quantitate 7-mdGua in DNA. Following
      enzyme hydrolysis and chromatographic purification of 7-mdGua, the adduct is
      quantitatively converted to the ring-open form and can be measured at levels as
      low as 0.05 pmol by immunoassay. With 1 mg of DNA a level below 1 adduct per
      10(7) normal deoxynucleosides can be measured. Using DNA modified by radiolabeled
      carcinogens, a good correlation between 7-mdGua levels, as measured by
      immunoassay or radioactivity, was obtained. In rats treated with
      dimethylnitrosamine (0.4 and 1.0 mg/kg), both 7-mdGua and O6-methyldeoxyguanosine
      were detected in peripheral blood lymphocyte DNA. In addition the levels of both
      adducts at time points up to 48 h posttreatment were very similar to those seen
      in liver DNA from the same animals. The measurement of 7-mdGua, quantitatively
      the major methylation adduct, in small cell samples such as lymphocytes has great
      potential in determining the exposure of humans to environmental methylating
      agents such as nitrosamines.

PMID- 3409235
TI  - Effect of hyperthermia on cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (rhodamine
      123)2[tetrachloroplatinum(II)] in a human squamous cell carcinoma line and a cis
      diamminedichloroplatinum(II)-resistant subline.
AB  - The effect of concomitant hyperthermia on the cytotoxicities of cis
      diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (CDDP), a newly synthesized drug, Pt(Rh-123)2, and
      its chemical components, K2PtCl4 and rhodamine 123, was examined in vitro in a
      squamous cell tumor line of human origin (SCC-25) and in a CDDP-resistant subline
      (SCC-25/CP). No difference in the cytotoxicity of hyperthermia alone was observed
      between these cell lines. The dose-dependent cytotoxicities of 1-h exposures to
      CDDP and Pt(Rh-123)2 were markedly increased at 42 degrees C and 43 degrees C in
      comparison to 37 degrees C, and this effect was of the same magnitude in both
      cell lines (enhancements of approximately 1.5 logs at 42 degrees C and 2.5 logs
      at 43 degrees C for CDDP and 1.5 logs at 42 degrees C and greater than 3 logs at
      43 degrees C for Pt(Rh-123)2). The use of hyperthermia with CDDP, however, did
      not lower survivals in the SCC-25/CP cells even to the levels seen in the parent
      line at 37 degrees C. The cytotoxicities of K2PtCl4 and rhodamine 123 were
      essentially the same in the CDDP-sensitive and -resistant cells at all
      temperatures tested. The magnitude of the temperature effect was significantly
      greater for Pt(Rh-123)2 than for its chemical components. No significant effect
      on CDDP or Pt(Rh-123)2 accumulation was observed at 42, 43, 44 or 45 degrees C in
      either cell line. DNA lesions, measured by alkaline elution, were significantly
      enhanced for CDDP in the SCC-25 cells at 42 degrees C. These results suggest that
      treatment with hyperthermia and either CDDP or Pt(Rh-123)2 should result in
      supraadditive anti-tumor effects, although the efficacy of CDDP plus hyperthermia
      will be significantly less once resistance to CDDP has developed. Since
      resistance to CDDP does not imply cross-resistance to Pt(Rh-123)2, and since the
      effect of hyperthermia is somewhat greater for Pt(Rh-123)2 than for CDDP at 43
      degrees C, Pt(Rh-123)2 may be more selectively toxic to tumor cells when used
      with local hyperthermia versus normal cells outside the treated area, especially
      if resistance to CDDP has already developed.

PMID- 3409237
TI  - 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopic profiles of neoplastic human breast tissues.
AB  - Phosphorus-containing metabolites of human breast tissues from malignant, benign,
      and noninvolved breast parenchymal specimens were examined by using techniques of
      perchloric acid extraction and 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Twenty-four
      separate resonances arising from the established phosphorylated metabolites of
      high-energy- and low-energy-phosphate intermediary metabolism were identified and
      quantitated. Subsequent to magnetic resonance spectroscopic analysis, the data
      from the three tissue groups were compared and contrasted on a statistical basis
      by using Scheffe simple and complex contrast procedures. Theories of tumor
      metabolism and biochemical interactions were invoked, including the tissue high
      energy-/low-energy-phosphate modulus, the phosphomonoester/Pi ratio, and 10 other
      metabolic indices. The data demonstrated the ability of 31P magnetic resonance
      spectroscopy to differentiate among the three tissue groups. Both benign and
      malignant tumors demonstrated comparable Warburg effects. Phosphomonoester
      metabolism was shown to be altered in neoplastic tissues relative to the
      noninvolved tissues. Phosphocreatine was elevated in benign tumors. This
      elevation in phosphocreatine plus a parallel elevation in an uncharacterized
      phosphate resonating at a chemical shift of 3.66 delta permits the important
      differentiation between malignancy and benignancy in human breast disease. The
      tissue energy modulus indicated that benign tissue is relatively more aerobic
      than noninvolved tissue and significantly more aerobic than malignant tissue.

PMID- 3409236
TI  - Metabolic interaction between methotrexate and 4'-(9-acridinylamino)methanesulfon
      M-anisidide in the rabbit.
AB  - The interaction between methotrexate (MTX) and a new acridine antitumor agent and
      potent aldehyde oxidase inhibitor, 4'-(9-acridinylamino)methanesulfon-m-anisidide
      (mAMSA), was investigated both in vivo and in vitro. New Zealand White male
      rabbits were used for the former experiments under three pharmacokinetic designs:
      (a) a zero order infusion of mAMSA at 9 mg/h to steady state followed by a single
      i.v. bolus dose of MTX at 50 mg/kg while maintaining the infusion; (b) a zero
      order infusion of MTX at 7 mg/h to steady state followed by a single i.v. bolus
      dose of mAMSA at 5 mg/kg while maintaining the infusion, and (c) a zero order
      infusion of MTX at 3 mg/h to steady state followed by a zero order infusion of
      mAMSA at 3 mg/h while maintaining the MTX infusion. In (a) while the mean AUC for
      MTX (15815 +/- 1317 microMmin) with mAMSA (+mAMSA) remained essentially unchanged
      relative to that without mAMSA (-mAMSA) at the same dose (14832 +/- 5151
      microMmin), the mean AUC of the metabolite 7-hydroxymethotrexate (7-OH MTX)
      decreased from 9338 +/- 3057 (n = 6, -mAMSA) to 5794 +/- 1371 microMmin (n = 6,
      +mAMSA). Urinary excretion of 7-OH MTX also decreased from 40.3 +/- 9.5% (n = 6)
      (-mAMSA) to 23.8 +/- 6.1% dose (n = 6) (P less than 0.01) (+mAMSA) in 8 h with
      essentially no change in MTX excretion. The fractional rate conversion of MTX to
      this metabolite (fmi) also decreased from 0.60 +/- 0.19 (n = 6) to 0.40 +/- 0.10
      (n = 6) (P less than 0.05). No change in terminal half-lives of MTX and 7-OH MTX
      was apparent. In (b) MTX steady state levels increased with the concomitant
      decrease in 7-OH MTX levels in the presence of mAMSA such that their
      concentration ratios (7-OH MTX/MTX) decreased to 43, 54, 75, and 76% of the pre
      mAMSA values, respectively, in four rabbits. In the presence of mAMSA, clearance
      of MTX at steady state decreased significantly relative to those without mAMSA.
      Similar results were also observed in (c) except that the perturbation of MTX
      metabolism was more profound consistent with the experimental setting. No change
      in protein binding of MTX or the metabolite was apparent in the presence of
      mAMSA. Rabbit liver homogenate was used in the in vitro experiments which yielded
      a classical competitive inhibition on the double-reciprocal plot when conversion
      of MTX to 7-OH MTX was monitored.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3409238
TI  - Correlation between cell deformability and metastatic potential in B16-F1
      melanoma cell variants.
AB  - Four B16 melanoma cell variants were investigated to determine if there exists a
      correlation between their deformability and their metastatic potential. Cell
      deformability was measured as the percentage of cells traversing 10-mum diameter
      Nuclepore filter membranes at constant pressure as a function of time. A method
      was devised to circumvent common problems encountered in cell filtration
      experiments, i.e., cell aggregation and adhesion to the filter and failure to
      recover the input. F1a cells with the lowest spontaneous metastatic rate required
      44 s for 50% of the cell input to traverse the filter, whereas No. 4 cells,
      featuring the highest metastatic rate, needed 12 s despite the fact that the
      cells had identical dimensions. Other variants tested showed intermediate
      filterability which also correlated with their metastatic potential. Cells, when
      pretreated with cytochalasin B at a final concentration of 21 microM exhibited
      increased filterability (75% and 42% greater than control for F1a and No. 4
      cells, respectively). Somewhat smaller increases were observed after colchicine
      treatment. The findings imply major involvement of the cytoskeleton in the
      filterability and thus deformability of these B16 variants. Such physiochemical
      factors may play an important role in the metastasis of this and possibly other
      tumor types.

PMID- 3409239
TI  - Metastatic capacity and intercellular communication between normal cells and
      metastatic cell clones derived from a rat mammary carcinoma.
AB  - Three highly metastatic clones and two weakly metastatic clones were obtained
      from a spontaneously arising mammary carcinoma in an SHR rat. The difference in
      their capacity to generate metastatic ability was recognized when the tumor cells
      were implanted s.c. but not when they were implanted i.v. This evidence possibly
      indicates that the difference in the metastatic capacity of these clones is
      caused by different potential for detachment from the primary site and for
      intravasation during the various steps of metastasis. There are no differences
      between highly and weakly metastatic clones with regard to their in vitro growth
      characteristics (doubling time, saturation density, plating efficiency, etc.),
      homotypic aggregation, and adhesiveness to plastic matrices and fibroblast
      monolayers. Therefore, we used a dye transfer method to examine the relationship
      between the metastatic capacity of tumor cells and the capacity of tumor cells to
      make junctional communication with normal fibroblasts. We found that the
      incidence of intercellular communication between weakly metastatic clone cells
      and fibroblasts (derived from normal s.c. tissues and tumor tissues) was
      significantly higher than that between highly metastatic clone cells and
      fibroblasts. These results suggest that junctional communication between tumor
      cells and normal fibroblasts may play a part in the early stage of cancer
      metastasis.

PMID- 3409240
TI  - X-ray and cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) cross-resistance in human tumor cell
      lines.
AB  - Clinical studies have suggested a close correlation between cis
      diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cisplatin) and radiation resistance. To determine
      whether this cross-resistance is due to an inherent cellular resistance to both
      agents, ten early passage human tumor cell lines were examined for their
      radiation and cisplatin sensitivity in vitro. Previous studies have suggested
      that these early passage tumor cell lines retain many of their in vivo
      characteristics and are therefore good models for tumor cells in vivo.
      Radioresistance was strongly associated with cisplatin resistance in these cell
      lines. Four of the cell lines examined were radioresistant, having Dos greater
      than 2.0 Gy. These four lines were also resistant to cisplatin, with the dose
      reducing survival to 10% greater than 1.29 microM. The remaining six cell lines
      had Dos ranging from 1.07 to 1.57 Gy of X-ray and doses reducing survival to 10%
      of less than 0.83 microM cisplatin. Because early passage human tumor cell lines
      were used, resistance or sensitivity to radiation and cisplatin most likely
      developed in vivo and was not due to selection in vitro. These results indicate
      that cross-resistance between cisplatin and radiation in vivo is probably due
      primarily to an inherent cellular resistance to these agents and not necessarily
      to the tumor microenvironment in situ.

PMID- 3409242
TI  - Phenotypically deficient urinary elimination of carboxyphosphamide after
      cyclophosphamide administration to cancer patients.
AB  - The 0-24-h urinary metabolic profile of cyclophosphamide was investigated in a
      series of 14 patients with various malignancies receiving combination
      chemotherapy including i.v. cyclophosphamide. This was accomplished using
      combined thin-layer chromatography-photography-densitometry, which can quantitate
      cyclophosphamide and its four principal urinary metabolites (4
      ketocyclophosphamide, nor-nitrogen mustard, carboxyphosphamide, and phosphoramide
      mustard). Recovery of drug-related metabolites was 36.5 +/- 17.8% (SD) dose, the
      most abundant metabolites being phosphoramide mustard (18.5 +/- 16.1% dose) and
      unchanged cyclophosphamide (12.7 +/- 9.3% dose). The most variable metabolite was
      carboxyphosphamide, with five patients excreting 0.3% dose or less. These
      patients were termed low carboxylators (LC) and could be distinguished from high
      carboxylators (HC) by a carboxylation index (relative percentage as
      carboxyphosphamide multiplied by 10). Mean carboxylation indices for the LC and
      HC phenotypes were 3.4 +/- 2.6 and 151 +/- 115, respectively. There were no
      associations between patient age, sex, body weight, tumor type, or concomitant
      drug therapy and carboxylation phenotype. Neither 4-ketocyclophosphamide nor nor
      nitrogen mustard excretion differed between LC and HC phenotypes; however, HC
      patients had a greater excretion of cyclophosphamide (46.4 +/- 15.5 relative
      percentage) than LC patients (19.4 +/- 12.6%). The DNA cross-linking cytotoxic
      metabolite phosphoramide mustard was elevated more than 2-fold in the LC (76.5 +/
      13.9%) compared with the HC (33.0 +/- 12.2%) phenotype. It is concluded that
      these data represent the first evidence of a defect in cyclophosphamide
      metabolism, and it is proposed that this arises from a hitherto unrecognized
      aldehyde dehydrogenase genotype.

PMID- 3409241
TI  - Intracellular biotransformation of platinum compounds with the 1,2
      diaminocyclohexane carrier ligand in the L1210 cell line.
AB  - We have previously reported the development of a two-column high performance
      liquid chromatography system for separation of platinum(II) complexes with the
      1,2-diaminocyclohexane (DACH) carrier ligand (Mauldin et al., Anal. Biochem.,
      157: 129, 1986). Here we report the application of this technique to the study of
      the intracellular biotransformations of (DL)-trans-1,2
      diaminocyclohexanemalonatoplatinum(II) [PtCl2(trans-DACH)] and (DL)-trans-1,2
      diaminocyclohexanemalonatoplatinum(II) [Pt(mal)(trans-DACH)] in the L1210 cell
      line. The two-column high performance liquid chromatography system allowed
      separation and identification of both parent drugs and intracellular
      biotransformation products containing glutathione, methionine, cysteine,
      arginine, lysine, aspartate or glutamate, and serine or threonine. With the
      exception of the platinum-glutathione complex, the relative abundance of each
      biotransformation product was independent of drug concentration. The relative
      abundance of the platinum-glutathione biotransformation product increased with
      increasing platinum concentration, suggesting that platinum drugs cause an
      increase in intracellular glutathione levels in a dose-dependent manner. This
      hypothesis was verified by direct measurement of intracellular glutathione
      levels. In continuous uptake experiments, the intracellular levels of the parent
      compounds peaked between 2 and 5 h and declined to negligible levels by 24 h. In
      pulse-chase experiments, the chemical t1/2 for PtCl2(trans-DACH) and
      Pt(mal)(trans-DACH) inside the cell at 37 degrees C was determined to be 12-15
      and 21-28 min, respectively. This is far shorter than previously determined rates
      for the displacement of either ligand in vitro. The platinum-amino acid complexes
      accumulated gradually throughout the 24-h incubation. The free trans-DACH carrier
      ligand also accumulated to a level approaching 20% of filterable counts during
      the 24-h incubation, probably due to trans-labilization of the carrier ligand by
      sulfur-containing nucleophiles. A combination of reverse phase high performance
      liquid chromatography and a DNA binding assay was used to identify and quantitate
      the reactive biotransformation products. As expected from previous studies
      (Mauldin et al., Cancer Res., 46: 2876, 1986), the PtCl2(trans-DACH)-treated
      cells had approximately 3 times more reactive platinum biotransformation product
      at early times, but the levels of reactive biotransformation product fell much
      more rapidly than in Pt(mal)(trans-DACH)-treated cells. In the PtCl2(trans-DACH)
      treated cells, the major reactive biotransformation product was the aquachloro
      species at all time points tested. In Pt(mal)(trans-DACH)-treated

PMID- 3409243
TI  - Interstrand DNA-DNA and DNA-protein cross-links by a new antitumor antibiotic,
      FK973, in L1210 cells.
AB  - In our previous study FK973, a novel, substituted dihydrobenzoxazine (11-acetyl-8
      carbamoyloxymethyl-4-formyl-14-oxa-1,11-diazatetracyclo+ ++
      [7.4.1.0(2,7).0(10,12)]tetradeca-2,4,6-trien-6,9-diyl diacetate), had potent
      cytotoxic and antitumor effects on murine tumors and human tumors in in vitro and
      in vivo experiments. In the present study the mechanism(s) of the in vitro
      cytotoxic effects of the drug on tumor cells were studied. After 1-h exposure of
      L1210 murine leukemia cells to the drug, the concentration of FK973 required to
      inhibit cell growth by 50% was approximately 1 microM, which was threefold more
      potent than the concentration of mitomycin C required. DNA synthesis was
      selectively inhibited in the cells treated with FK973. Alkaline elution analyses
      showed that FK973 formed concentration- and time-dependent interstrand DNA-DNA
      and DNA-protein cross-links in the cells. On the other hand, no DNA single-strand
      breaks were observed in the cells treated with FK973. When isolated nuclei of
      L1210 were exposed to FK973 for 1 h, FK973 did not form detectable interstrand
      DNA-DNA cross-links. We propose that FK973 is activated in the cytoplasm of
      cells, and forms interstrand DNA-DNA and DNA-protein cross-links which may be
      important for the induction of its cytotoxicity.

PMID- 3409244
TI  - Development of tamoxifen-stimulated growth of MCF-7 tumors in athymic mice after
      long-term antiestrogen administration.
AB  - Long-term tamoxifen (TAM) therapy was examined in athymic mice bearing MCF-7
      tumors of different sizes. Six months of TAM treatment caused no increase in
      tumor size (compared to placebo treatment) for animals treated initially
      following implantation of tumor pieces (approximately 1 mm3) or for animals with
      0.2-cm2 tumors (grown with 1 month of estrogen treatment). Tumors could be
      regrown with estradiol treatment in animals treated with either therapy and these
      tumors contained both estrogen and progesterone receptors. However, more tumors
      could be restimulated with estradiol following pretreatment with TAM than with
      placebo. A third group of animals had larger tumors (grown with 7 weeks of
      estrogen treatment to a approximately 0.6-cm2 area) before TAM or placebo
      treatment. These tumors partially regressed after 4 months of TAM or placebo
      therapy but began to regrow in both groups until the end of the experiment at 8
      months. Tumors that grew in both groups were estrogen receptor positive and when
      retransplanted into athymic animals could grow with estradiol. However, the tumor
      that grew during TAM therapy, when retransplanted, could grow successfully only
      with further TAM treatment. Tumors growing with TAM contained double the estrogen
      receptor content of the estradiol-stimulated MCF-7 tumors that were not exposed
      to TAM [390 +/- 37 (SE) fmol/mg protein versus 174 +/- 14 fmol/mg protein]. These
      results may represent a form of TAM resistance, i.e., TAM dependence that may
      occur before hormone independence is exhibited.

PMID- 3409245
TI  - Inhibition of the tumor-promoting action of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate
      by some oleanane-type triterpenoid compounds.
AB  - Since glycyrrhetinic acid was proved to suppress tumor promoter effects, several
      oleanane-type triterpenes which were chemically derived from oleanolic acid and
      hederagenin were tested in vitro and in vivo against the action of tumor
      promoter, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate. By in vitro experiment monitoring
      with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced stimulation of 32Pi
      incorporation into phospholipids and an in vivo test on skin tumor formation in
      mice initiated with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene and promoted with 12-O
      tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, 18 beta-olean-12-ene-3 beta,28-diol (=
      erythrodiol), 18 beta-olean-12-ene-3 beta,23,28-triol, 18 alpha-olean-12-ene-3
      beta,28-diol, and 18 alpha-olean-12-ene-3 beta,23,28-triol showed remarkable
      suppressive effects. Especially 18 alpha-oleanane derivatives having a CH2OH
      grouping converted from the COOH group initially allocated at C-17 were 100 times
      more effective than glycyrrhetinic acid both in vitro and in vivo.

PMID- 3409246
TI  - Role of fibrin coagulation in protection of murine tumor cells from destruction
      by cytotoxic cells.
AB  - We have previously proposed that fibrin deposition on tumor cells during their
      migration in the blood could protect them from elimination by natural killer (NK)
      or other cytotoxic cells. Anticoagulant drugs could prevent fibrin coagulation
      and increase the efficiency of cytotoxic effector cells in tumor cell
      elimination. To further investigate the protective roles of fibrin, we studied in
      vitro the susceptibility of various murine tumor cells to the cytotoxic activity
      of NK or lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells in the presence of murine plasma
      or serum. In the first set of experiments, tumor cells were incubated with plasma
      (at dilutions of 1:20-1:160) for 30 min before effector cells were added.
      Similarly, effector cells were first incubated with plasma before mixing with
      radiolabeled target cells for cytotoxicity assay. In some experiments target and
      effector cells and plasma were mixed simultaneously. The cytotoxic activity of
      both NK and LAK cells was inhibited if coagulation occurred around tumor-target
      or effector cells. Tumor cells were also protected when both target and effector
      cells were simultaneously mixed and trapped in the fibrin clot. Inhibition of the
      cytotoxic activity of effector cells against tumor cells was positively
      correlated with the level of fibrin clot formation. When the larger clot was
      formed and more radiolabeled tumor cells were trapped in the clot, the higher
      level of inhibition of cytotoxicity was observed. In contrast, serum did not
      affect the cytotoxic activity of NK or LAK cells. To exclude possible non
      coagulation-related effects of plasma on LAK cells, a cytotoxicity series of
      experiments was performed using purified fibrinogen and thrombin. When fibrinogen
      and thrombin were preincubated with tumor cells or LAK cells or all components
      were admixed simultaneously, substantial protection of tumor cells from
      destruction by LAK cells was also observed. However, when heparin was added,
      fibrin coagulation was prevented and cytotoxic activity of LAK cells was
      restored. Inhibition of LAK cytotoxicity and protection of tumor cells by fibrin
      coagulation were mostly due to the prevention of tumor-effector cell conjugate
      formation. Adding plasma at postbinding time periods (15-30 min after mixing
      effector and target cells) did not affect the ability of LAK cells to kill tumor
      cells confirming that fibrin coagulation influenced the binding rather than the
      lytic phase of cytotoxic cell activity.

PMID- 3409247
TI  - In vitro rat myocyte cardiotoxicity model for antitumor antibiotics using
      adenosine triphosphate/protein ratios.
AB  - Cumulative cardiotoxicity consistently limits the use of antitumor anthracyclines
      such as doxorubicin (DOX). Several in vivo and in vitro model systems have been
      developed for screening cardiotoxic agents. Problems with these models include
      excessive time and nonquantitative toxicity end points. We describe an in vitro
      system for culturing cardiac myocytes which overcomes these problems. Optimal
      myocyte cultures were obtained using serial 0.2% crude trypsin digestions of
      hearts from 1-2-day-old rats. Three-day-old myocyte cultures were treated with
      DOX for 6 h at concentrations of 0.1 to 10 micrograms/ml (0.18 to 18 microM).
      Electron microscopy performed on control and DOX-treated cultures showed
      characteristic histopathological signs of anthracycline damage. These changes
      included mitochondrial swelling, nuclear pleomorphism, chromatin clumping, and a
      diffuse loss of membrane integrity. Intracellular ATP, quantitated by the
      luciferase bioluminescence method, was shown to provide a simple and consistent
      quantitative biochemical marker of myocyte viability over the range of DOX
      concentrations used. The results showed both time- and dose-dependent decrements
      in ATP/protein ratios 72 h following exposure to DOX at concentrations greater
      than 0.1 microgram/ml. Leakage of lactate dehydrogenase activity, trypan blue
      uptake, and myocyte beating rates were variable and not as sensitive as ATP
      levels for evaluation of myocyte viability. Other cytotoxic agents which are not
      known to be cardiotoxic (dactinomycin, 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine,
      fluorouracil, melphalan, and vincristine), required extremely high concentrations
      to produce myocyte damage in vitro. Tests with anthracycline analogues also
      demonstrated the ability of the assay to rank-order cardiotoxic agents on a
      weight basis: idarubicin greater than DOX greater than daunomycin greater than
      aclarubicin. When the in vitro drug concentrations required to lower ATP/protein
      ratios to 50% of controls were related to clinically achievable concentration x
      time products, DOX and daunomycin proved to be the most cardiotoxic in this
      series. These results suggest that comparative cardiotoxic screening studies may
      be performed in vitro using ATP levels in beating neonatal myocytes.

PMID- 3409248
TI  - Liposome-based therapy of human ovarian cancer: parameters determining potency of
      negatively charged and antibody-targeted liposomes.
AB  - Liposomes containing cytotoxic agents may be highly efficacious for intracavitary
      therapy of malignancies such as ovarian carcinoma, which resides principally in
      the peritoneal cavity. We have examined in vitro the cytotoxicity of a variety of
      liposome-drug formulations against OVCAR-3, a human ovarian cancer cell line. Two
      drugs tested, methotrexate-gamma-aspartate and 5-fluoroorotate, show increased
      cytotoxicity on various cultured cell lines following encapsulation in liposomes
      and can be considered liposome-dependent agents. With the optimal lipid
      composition used in this study, the maximal increase in potency on OVCAR-3 is 2.6
      fold for methotrexate-gamma-aspartate and 5.2-fold for 5-fluoroorotate. Studies
      on liposome-cell association suggest a low capacity of OVCAR-3 to bind and
      internalize phospholipid vesicles, which limits the in vitro potency of liposomes
      for these cells. OC-125, a monoclonal antibody recognizing an antigen common to a
      number of human ovarian cancers (CA-125), has been coupled covalently to the
      liposome surface. Liposomes bearing OC-125 and containing methotrexate-gamma
      aspartate show an 8-fold increase in potency against OVCAR-3 cells in a 96-h
      growth inhibition assay. Briefer exposure of tumor cells to treatment accentuates
      the advantage of targeted liposomes. The cytostatic effect of 1 h exposure to OC
      125 liposomes is 100-fold greater than the equivalent exposure to free drug and
      equal to the maximal cytostatic effect achieved with free drug for 96 h.
      Attachment of OC-125 antibody also confers upon liposomes the capacity to
      recognize OVCAR-3 cells growing as an ascites tumor in nude mice. After i.p.
      injection, control liposomes bind tumor cells in relatively low numbers, while
      fluorescent OC-125 liposomes can be observed bound specifically to tumor cell
      masses for periods of days.

PMID- 3409249
TI  - Terminal differentiation and growth inhibition of a rat rhabdomyosarcoma cell
      line (BA-HAN-1C) in vitro after exposure to retinoic acid.
AB  - BA-HAN-1C is a clonal rat rhabdomyosarcoma cell line composed of proliferating
      mononuclear cells, which partly fuse to terminally differentiated postmitotic
      myotube-like giant cells. The exposure to retinoic acid in vitro resulted in time
      and dose-dependent changes of both cell differentiation and cell growth. The
      mononuclear cells revealed bundles of newly formed thick and thin myofilaments,
      never observed in untreated cultures, and exhibited signs of contact inhibition.
      In addition, there was a statistically significant increase (P less than 0.001)
      in the number of terminally differentiated postmitotic myotube-like giant cells
      and in the creatine kinase activity (P less than 0.05) which was used as a
      biochemical differentiation marker. At the same time cell growth was
      significantly inhibited (P less than 0.001) in vitro and a decrease in plating
      efficiency, as well as in saturation density, was observed. These data
      demonstrate that retinoic acid can suppress cell growth and simultaneously
      initiate differentiation in a malignant mesenchymal tumor cell line. However,
      despite the clonal nature of BA-HAN-1C, the complete status of terminal
      differentiation was not achieved by all tumor cells. The reason why not all tumor
      cells responded to retinoic acid is unknown at the present time and will have to
      be the subject of further studies.

PMID- 3409250
TI  - Analysis of DNA adducts in putative premalignant hepatic nodules and nontarget
      tissues of rats during 2-acetylaminofluorene carcinogenesis.
AB  - Exposure of rats to a standard four-cycle feeding regimen of 0.06% 2
      acetylaminofluorene (AAF) results in the formation of putatively premalignant
      hepatic nodules, but the types and magnitude of DNA adducts formed in these
      nodules has not been previously examined. By using a sensitive 32P-adduct assay
      (R. C. Gupta, Cancer Res., 45: 5656-5662, 1985), we analyzed the DNA adduct
      lesions in individual hepatic nodules at various times during and after exposure
      to AAF. Kidney, spleen, and testis were included as nontarget tissues. No
      qualitative difference was observed in the DNA adducts found in hepatic nodules
      and nontarget tissues; however, quantitative differences occurred. At least one
      unknown and two known (dG-C8-AF and dG-N2-AAF) DNA adducts were detected, with dG
      C8-AF being predominantly (96-98%) formed, in all tissues examined. At the end of
      the first three weeks of AAF feeding, the concentration of the deacetylated
      adduct dG-C8-AF in liver (223 fmol/micrograms DNA) was found to be about 2, 6,
      and 5 times higher than in kidney, spleen, and testis, respectively. The
      concentration of the N2-acetylated adduct in liver (4.5 fmol/micrograms DNA) was
      4-fold higher than in kidney and strikingly higher (51- and 42-fold,
      respectively) than in spleen and testis. At the end of the fourth feeding cycle,
      total DNA adducts measured in the hepatic nodules ranged from 30-100
      fmol/micrograms DNA, while the "surrounding liver," kidney, spleen, and testis
      showed 235, 218, 62, and 28 fmol adducts/micrograms DNA, respectively. Sixty days
      following the cessation of AAF, the binding in both the persistent nodules and
      liver had decreased to 7% of their respective levels measured at the end of the
      fourth cycle, while adducts in kidney, spleen, and testis were 32%, 18% and 19%.
      After 88 days, the binding levels in the nontarget tissues declined further, but
      no additional adduct removal occurred in the nodules. Our data indicate that (a)
      although the metabolic apparatus for activation of AAF is diminished in the
      hepatic nodules, a significant level of adduct formation occurs in the cells of
      this putative, premalignant lesion, and (b) unlike in the nontarget tissues,
      repair processes in the premalignant nodules may not be operative several weeks
      after the cessation of AAF exposure.

PMID- 3409251
TI  - Differential proliferative response of gastric mucosa during carcinogenesis
      induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine in susceptible ACI rats,
      resistant Buffalo rats, and their hybrid F1 cross.
AB  - The effect of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) on the proliferative
      characteristics of the pyloric epithelium was investigated in ACI and Buffalo
      rats and their F1 rats, which are susceptible, resistant, and resistant,
      respectively, to gastric carcinogenesis by this chemical. After injection of
      bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd), DNA synthesizing cells in the pyloric epithelium were
      stained immunohistochemically with anti-BrdUrd antibody. The average number and
      range of distribution of cells labeled with BrdUrd in the pyloric glands were
      significantly larger in ACI rats than in Buffalo or F1 rats after administration
      of MNNG (83 micrograms/ml in the drinking water) for 2 or 16 weeks. In control
      rats given tap water for 2 weeks, there was no significant difference in these
      values in the three groups (Experiment 1). The distribution of cells that were
      labeled with [methyl-3H]MNNG in the pyloric epithelium was measured by
      histoautoradiography, and the distribution of cells double labeled with both
      [methyl-3H]MNNG and BrdUrd was also analyzed. Rats were given 83 micrograms/ml of
      MNNG in their drinking water for 2 weeks and then received [methyl-3H]MNNG by
      gavage and an injection of BrdUrd 2 and 1 h, respectively, before sacrifice. The
      average number of double labeled cells (i.e., replicating cells exposed to MNNG)
      was significantly larger in ACI rats than in Buffalo or F1 rats. In control rats
      given tap water without MNNG for 2 weeks, there was no significant difference in
      these values in the three groups (Experiment 2). Cells double labeled with
      [methyl-3H]MNNG and BrdUrd are considered to be cells with the potential to
      establish mutations (cell population at risk of MNNG-induced carcinogenesis). Our
      results show that, after MNNG treatment, the size of this cell population is
      larger in susceptible ACI rats than in resistant Buffalo and F1 rats. Thus,
      differential responses of the gastric mucosa to MNNG may be a key factor in the
      difference of susceptibility to gastric carcinogenesis between ACI and Buffalo
      rats.

PMID- 3409252
TI  - Transformation of C3H/10T1/2 mouse embryo cells to focus formation and anchorage
      independence by insoluble lead chromate but not soluble calcium chromate:
      relationship to mutagenesis and internalization of lead chromate particles.
AB  - The genotoxicity of soluble and insoluble hexavalent chromium compounds was
      studied in mammalian cell assays which detect base substitution, deletion,
      addition, and frameshift mutations [6-thioguanine resistance in Chinese hamster
      ovary cells], primarily base substitution mutations [ouabain resistance in
      Chinese hamster ovary and C3H/10T1/2 Cl 8 mouse embryo fibroblasts (10T1/2)] and
      morphological transformation [focus formation] in 10T1/2 cells. Soluble
      hexavalent CaCrO4, administered in either acute (5-h) or subacute (24-h) dosing
      regimens, induced dose-dependent cytotoxicity and mutation to 6-thioguanine
      resistance in Chinese hamster ovary cells but no mutation to ouabain resistance
      or focus formation in transformation assays, although the acute treatment induced
      a high frequency of conversion of 10T1/2 cells to adipocytes. Cell lines
      established from cloned adipocytic cells were not morphologically transformed and
      did not grow in soft agarose. PbCrO4 did not induce mutation to either 6
      thioguanine or ouabain resistance but did induce a reproducible dose-dependent,
      low frequency of focus formation in 10T1/2 cells. Cell lines established from
      PbCrO4-induced foci stably formed foci when coseeded with 10T1/2 cells, had 3-5
      fold increased saturation densities relative to nontransformed 10T1/2 cells, and
      formed colonies in soft agarose, indicating their likelihood to be neoplastic.
      Long term exposure of 10T1/2 cells to either CaCrO4 or PbCl2, even at 85%
      cytotoxic concentrations, or pretreatment of cells with either CaCrO4 or PbCl2
      followed by treatment with the alternate compound, did not induce morphological
      transformation. Treatment of cells with insoluble hexavalent PbCrO4 resulted in
      progressive and extensive vacuolization of cells in contact with the particles.
      Progressive cytoplasmic engulfment of PbCrO4 particles was observed using
      scanning electron microscopy, although PbCrO4 particles were not observed inside
      vacuoles. These results indicate that the soluble clastogens K2Cr2O7 and CaCrO4
      were probably mutagenic by a non-base substitution mechanism but could not
      transform 10T1/2 cells. In contrast, PbCrO4 was not detectably mutagenic but
      induced transformation, which could not be explained solely by acute or chronic
      exposure to dissolution products of either lead or chromate alone. Since PbCrO4
      particles were found to be intracytoplasmic in extensively vacuolated cells, we
      suggest that the unique physiochemical properties of PbCrO4 particles, leading to
      their internalization and the resultant associated cellular stress response, may
      be related to the transformation induced by this compound.

PMID- 3409253
TI  - Cholesterol sulfate accumulation in tumorigenic and nontumorigenic rat esophageal
      epithelial cells: evidence for defective differentiation control in tumorigenic
      cells.
AB  - In this study the regulation of squamous cell differentiation in several rat
      esophageal epithelial cell lines is examined. Nontumorigenic RE-149 cells undergo
      a program of squamous cell differentiation at confluence. This program of
      differentiation is influenced by the concentration of calcium in the medium and
      by the presence of retinoic acid. High calcium concentration stimulates terminal
      cell division, as indicated by a reduction in colony-forming efficiency, and
      increases the expression of the differentiated phenotype as indicated by an
      increase in cholesterol sulfate accumulation and cross-linked envelope formation.
      Retinoic acid inhibits squamous cell differentiation as both cholesterol sulfate
      accumulation and cross-linked envelope formation are reduced. Two tumorigenic
      cell lines, RE-B2 and RE-2BT, do not undergo squamous cell differentiation in
      vitro. High calcium concentration in the medium did not significantly reduce
      colony-forming efficiency or induce cross-linked envelope formation. High calcium
      concentration or retinoic acid had only a limited effect on the accumulation of
      cholesterol sulfate. RE-B2T cells exhibit high levels of cholesterol sulfate and
      cholesterol sulfotransferase activity. These levels appear no longer controlled
      by calcium or retinoic acid, indicating that the synthesis of cholesterol sulfate
      occurs in a constitutive manner. The altered responses of RE-2B and B2T cells to
      calcium and retinoic acid suggest that these malignant cells have acquired one or
      more defects in the control of differentiation.

PMID- 3409254
TI  - Interaction of B16 malignant melanoma tumor cells with the murine mesentery in
      vitro.
AB  - We have used organs cultures of murine mesentery as a model system to investigate
      the mechanisms by which B16-F10 melanoma cells invade normal tissues. The
      mesentery has the advantage of being a real tissue, consisting of a loose
      connective tissue, containing a normal complement of stromal cells and
      extracellular matrix, covered by a continuous epithelium of squamous mesothelial
      cells which are separated from the connective tissue by a laminin-containing
      basement membrane. B16-F10 cells seeded onto the mesentery in vitro cause a local
      retraction of the mesothelial cells exposing the underlying basement membrane
      onto which the tumor cells spread. Direct contact between the tumor cells and the
      margins of the mesothelial cells is required to induce retraction. Most of the
      B16 cells remain on the surface of the mesentery where they spread on the
      basement membrane without disrupting it. A few B16 cells penetrate the basement
      membrane and invade the connective tissue interior of the mesentery where they
      flatten out and assume a fibroblastic morphology. Tumor cells within the
      connective tissue may continue to translocate and they adhere to and move along
      the fibers of the connective tissue extracellular matrix without appearing to
      destroy or disrupt them.

PMID- 3409255
TI  - Modification of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine-induced forestomach and
      glandular stomach carcinogenesis by phenolic antioxidants in rats.
AB  - The modifying effects of five phenolic antioxidants on N-methyl-N'-nitro-N
      nitrosoguanidine (MNNG)-initiated forestomach and glandular stomach
      carcinogenesis were investigated in male F344 rats. Groups of 20 rats were given
      an intragastric dose of 150 mg/kg body weight MNNG, and starting from 1 week
      later received diet supplemented with 0.8% catechol (CC), 1.0% 2-tert-butyl-4
      methylphenol, 1.5% p-tert-butyl-phenol, 1.5% methylhydroquinone, 1.5% 4
      methoxyphenol (4MP), or basal diet alone for 51 weeks. Further groups of 10-15
      rats were maintained as controls without prior treatment with MNNG. The
      incidences of squamous cell carcinoma of the forestomach in MNNG-treated animals
      were significantly elevated by the diets containing CC (P less than 0.001), 2
      tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (P less than 0.001), or p-tert-butylphenol (P less than
      0.01), while the development of carcinoma in situ was inhibited by 4MP (P less
      than 0.01). Treatment with CC, 2-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, p-tert-butylphenol,
      or 4MP alone induced forestomach hyperplasia at incidences of 86.7, 40, 93.3, and
      100%, respectively. In the pyloric region of the glandular stomach, the
      development of adenomatous hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma after MNNG treatment
      was significantly enhanced by diet containing CC (P less than 0.001). Moreover,
      treatment with CC alone induced 100% adenomatous hyperplasia and induced
      adenocarcinoma in 20% of animals. These results clearly demonstrated that while
      antioxidants causing proliferation in forestomach epithelium can markedly enhance
      carcinogenesis in this tissue, others displaying the same or greater potential
      for generating a hyperplastic response, like 4MP, can exert an inhibitory effect.
      In addition, it was shown that CC, which is widely present in our environment, is
      an unequivocal glandular stomach carcinogen also possessing strong enhancing
      activity for MNNG-induced lesion development.

PMID- 3409256
TI  - A cancer family syndrome in twenty-four kindreds.
AB  - A search of the Cancer Family Registry of the National Cancer Institute revealed
      24 kindreds with the syndrome of sarcoma, breast carcinoma, and other neoplasms
      in young patients. Cancer developed in an autosomal dominant pattern in 151 blood
      relatives, 119 (79%) of whom were affected before 45 years of age. These young
      patients had a total of 50 bone and soft tissue sarcomas of diverse histological
      subtypes and 28 breast cancers. Additional features of the syndrome included an
      excess of brain tumors (14 cases), leukemia (9 cases), and adrenocortical
      carcinoma (4 cases) before age 45 years. These neoplasms also accounted for 73%
      of the multiple primary cancers occurring in 15 family members. Six of these
      patients had second cancers linked to radiotherapy. The diversity of tumor types
      in this syndrome suggests pathogenetic mechanisms which differ from hereditary
      cancers arising in single organs or tissues. The syndrome is presently diagnosed
      on clinical grounds; laboratory markers are needed to identify high-risk
      individuals and families and to provide insights into susceptibility mechanisms
      that may be shared by a wide variety of cancers.

PMID- 3409257
TI  - Breast cancer risk assessed by anthropometry in the NHANES I epidemiological
      follow-up study.
AB  - We examined the relation of anthropometric variables and breast cancer risk in
      the Epidemiological Follow-up Study of the first National Health and Nutrition
      Examination Survey, a cohort study based on a sample of the United States
      population. A total of 7149 women, 25 to 74 years of age, who were examined
      during the period 1971 through 1975 were included in the analysis. Stature,
      sitting height, elbow width, weight, and subscapular and triceps skinfold
      measurements were collected during the baseline interview and examination. Breast
      cancer cases (N = 121) were identified through hospital records or death
      certificates. The median follow-up period for this cohort was 10 years. Women who
      developed breast cancer were taller and had greater frame size (elbow width) than
      women who remained free of breast cancer during the follow-up period. After
      controlling for the effect of potential confounders, the relative risk of breast
      cancer was 1.9 (95% confidence interval, 1.1 to 3.1) and 2.2 (95% confidence
      interval, 1.3 to 3.8) among women in the fourth quartiles of stature and elbow
      width, respectively. Body size defined by weight, relative weight, or skinfold
      measurements was not associated with increased risk of breast cancer. The
      positive association of stature and frame size to risk of breast cancer suggests
      a potential role of early nutrition in cancer etiology.

PMID- 3409259
TI  - Re: Impaired glutathione biosynthesis in cultured ataxia-telangiectasia cells.

PMID- 3409258
TI  - Regeneration of O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase in human lymphocytes after
      nitrosourea exposure.
AB  - Mitogen-stimulated human lymphocytes have an increased capacity to repair many
      forms of DNA damage caused by UV, ionizing radiation, and chemical carcinogens.
      Human lymphocytes rely on a particular DNA repair protein, O6-alkylguanine-DNA
      alkyltransferase (alkyltransferase) to repair efficiently O6-alkylguanine, an
      important mutagenic adduct formed by nitrosoureas and other N-nitroso compounds.
      The alkyltransferase is a "suicide" protein which becomes inactivated during the
      repair process. Thus, basal activity and the ability to synthesize new protein
      activity are important compounds of O6-alkylguanine repair. We compared basal and
      regenerated alkyltransferase activity in resting and mitogen-stimulated human
      lymphocytes. During stimulation with L-phytohemagglutinin, alkyltransferase
      activity increased by a mean of 70% over resting cells. Following exposure to N
      nitroso-N-methylurea (MNU), alkyltransferase activity was consumed in a dose
      dependent manner in both resting and L-phytohemagglutinin-stimulated cells by the
      repair of MNU-induced O6-methylguanine-DNA adducts. Recovery of alkyltransferase
      activity began within 1 day of MNU exposure in the L-phytohemagglutinin
      stimulated lymphocytes but did not occur in resting cells. Enzyme induction was
      not observed. When the alkyltransferase was only partially inactivated by low
      dose MNU, resting lymphocytes still failed to recover alkyltransferase activity.
      The rate of recovery of alkyltransferase activity in proliferating cells was
      dependent on the basal level of activity, which varied about 3-fold among donors.
      These data indicate that mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes develop an increased
      capacity to repair nitrosourea-induced DNA damage and are able to regenerate
      activity following nitrosourea exposure. In contrast, resting lymphocytes do not
      rapidly synthesize new alkyltransferase molecules after nitrosourea exposure and
      appear susceptible to DNA damage caused by persistent O6-alkylguanine adducts.
      Thus, both basal alkyltransferase activity and the proliferative state of normal
      lymphocytes influence the response to nitrosourea exposure.

PMID- 3409260
TI  - [Reduction of the rate of mitochondrial respiration in the rat heart perfused
      with opioids and naloxone].

PMID- 3409261
TI  - [Diagnostic problems in pulmonary thromboembolism. An analysis of 49 cases].

PMID- 3409262
TI  - [Reliability and reproducibility of morphological and size assessments with
      nuclear magnetic resonance: measurements on animal hearts].

PMID- 3409263
TI  - [Diltiazem in the acute treatment of supraventricular paroxysmal
      tachyarrhythmias].

PMID- 3409264
TI  - [The value of electrophysiological studies in the treatment of ventricular
      tachycardias with amiodarone alone or in combination with class-I anti-arrhythmia
      drugs].

PMID- 3409265
TI  - [Echocardiographic diagnosis of cardiac metastases from a uterine
      leiomyosarcoma].

PMID- 3409266
TI  - Two affinity states of M1 muscarine receptors.
AB  - 1. The binding of oxotremorine-M to M1 muscarine receptors was examined by
      measuring competition between the agonist and 3H-pirenzepine, using rabbit
      hippocampal membranes suspended in 20 mM Tris buffer containing 1 mM Mn2+. 2.
      Both ligands interacted with a single class of receptors. The receptors could
      assume two affinity states for oxotremorine-M, with equal numbers of high
      affinity (KH) and low-affinity (KL) sites. 3. KH interconverted reversibly to KL
      in the absence of divalent cations and interconverted reversibly to a state
      similar to KL in the presence of guanyl 5'-yl imidodiphosphate. 4. The results
      are compatible with a model in which a pair of receptor molecules can be
      stabilized by a guanine nucleotide-binding "G protein" and have one site each of
      KH and KL affinity.

PMID- 3409267
TI  - Release of 3H-dopamine and analogous monoamines from rat striatal tissue.
AB  - 1. The release of previously accumulated 3H-dopamine (DA) from minces of striatal
      tissue prepared from the brains of pargyline-pretreated rats was evaluated by
      superfusion with a physiological buffer solution in a six-chamber apparatus with
      silver toroid electrodes to provide electrical field stimuli. The identity of
      released tritium as 3H-DA was demonstrated chromatographically and 3H-DA taken up
      was found in a synaptosomal subcellular fraction. 2. Release of 3H-DA previously
      accumulated at 0.3 microM was found to be linearly dependent on stimulus
      intensity between 1 and 10 V (for 60 sec); 5 V was selected as a standard
      stimulus. 3. Release of 3H-DA did not occur from minces of rat liver, nor was
      there release of previously accumulated labeled urea or leucine from striatal
      tissue by electrical stimulation, 50 mM KCL, or 0.1 mM (+)-amphetamine. When 3H
      DA was taken up in the presence of cocaine (1 mM) or benztropine (100 microM),
      electrically induced release of 3H-DA was markedly reduced, while spontaneous
      efflux was much less altered. 4. Release of 3H-DA was also induced by
      depolarizing concentrations of K+, as well as by Rb+ or NH4+, and by veratridine.
      Electrical release and that induced by 50 mM K+ or 100 microM veratridine was
      blocked by the omission of Ca2+ (with EDTA added) and that induced by veratridine
      was blocked by tetrodotoxin (30 microM).

PMID- 3409268
TI  - Effects of the sulfhydryl reagent N-ethylmaleimide on reserpine binding to the
      catecholamine transporter in chromaffin granule membranes.
AB  - 1. Catecholamines are transported into chromaffin granules via a carrier
      mediated, active-transport process which is inhibited by micromolar
      concentrations of the sulfhydryl reagent, N-ethylmaleimide (NEM). Reserpine is a
      very potent, competitive inhibitor of the catecholamine transporter and can be
      used to investigate the characteristics of the catecholamine transporter. 2. The
      purpose of this study was to determine whether [3H]reserpine binding to the
      catecholamine transporter present in chromaffin granule membranes isolated from
      bovine adrenal glands was also inhibited by NEM and, if so, whether this was a
      direct or an indirect effect of NEM on the catecholamine transporter. 3. Both
      [3H]norepinephrine transport into and [3H]reserpine binding to the chromaffin
      granule ghosts isolated from bovine adrenal glands are inhibited by NEM, with
      IC50 values of 0.63 +/- 0.02 and 2.8 +/- 0.66 microM, respectively. 4. Mg and ATP
      protected both the [3H]norepinephrine transport into the ghosts and the
      [3H]reserpine binding to the transporter from inhibition by NEM, shifting the
      IC50 values to 260 +/- 43 and 120 +/- 29 microM, respectively. 5. NEM inhibition
      of the catecholamine transport and reserpine binding appears to be due to an
      action on the proton translocator associated with the Mg ATPase enzyme rather
      than a direct action on the catecholamine transporter since (a) the concentration
      of NEM required to inhibit formation of a membrane potential is similar to that
      required to inhibit [3H]norepinephrine transport into and [3H]reserpine binding
      to the ghosts and (b) Mg and ATP protected the proton translocation and
      [3H]norepinephrine transport into the ghosts, and [3H]reserpine binding to the
      ghosts, from inhibition by NEM.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3409269
TI  - Vasopressin and 1-deamino-8-D-arginine-vasopressin (DDAVP) reduce elevated plasma
      catecholamine levels in rats with hypothalamic deafferentation.
AB  - 1. Anterolateral cut (ALC) of the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) in rats
      produces an elevation of plasma catecholamine levels, especially of
      norepinephrine (NE), in unstressed animals and a more pronounced rise of plasma
      NE levels in response to immobilization (IMO). Animals with ALC have a destroyed
      corresponding vasopressin (AVP) and other peptides containing innervation of the
      median eminence and the posterior pituitary, resulting in the prevention of
      increased AVP secretion during the early intervals of IMO. 2. The administration
      of AVP (Pitressin, 7 days, 1 IU per rat i.m.) or of 1-deamino-8-D-arginine
      vasopressin (DDAVP), an AVP analogue without pressoric activity, taken in
      drinking water (about 100 micrograms per day) was almost equally potent in
      decreasing the elevated water consumption and plasma NE levels in unstressed rats
      with ALC. However, the stress-induced potentiation of plasma NE levels in rats
      with ALC was not influenced by AVP substitution and only partly reduced by DDAVP
      in the late IMO intervals. 3. The lack of circulating vasopressin is the main
      factor in the mechanism of increased activity of the sympathoadrenal system
      induced by ALC in unstressed rats. 4. The regulation of sympathoadrenal activity
      by vasopressin and DDAVP in rats with ALC seems to be mediated predominantly by
      V2-subtype receptors. 5. In stressed rats with ALC the potentiation of plasma NE
      levels was not reduced after AVP or DDAVP administration, suggesting that some
      addition regulatory mechanisms were involved.

PMID- 3409270
TI  - Alterations in cerebrospinal fluid uridine, hypoxanthine, and xanthine in head
      injured patients.
AB  - 1. Examination of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of head-injured patients reveals
      that the concentration of intraventricular xanthine is elevated and that of
      uridine is decreased relative to those of adult lumbar CSF. 2. No correlations
      were observed between CSF lactate and CSF hypoxanthine, xanthine, or uridine,
      suggesting that changes in purine metabolites and the pyrimidine nucleoside do
      not index similar cellular events as does lactic acid production. 3. Ventricular
      CSF from hydrocephalic infants had uridine and hypoxanthine concentrations not
      significantly different from those of normal adult lumbar CSF, but xanthine was
      significantly elevated. 4. Since uridine has anticonvulsant properties and is a
      crucial substrate for cerebral metabolism, it may be useful to evaluate this
      pyrimidine for use in the management of patients with head injury.

PMID- 3409271
TI  - Exogenous gangliosides induce direct voltage and conductance changes on isolated
      neurons.

PMID- 3409272
TI  - [When should regular dialysis therapy begin?].

PMID- 3409273
TI  - [Adaptation and coping in excessive stress].

PMID- 3409274
TI  - [Lithium clearance as a parameter of hyper-resorption of sodium in the proximal
      tubules in liver cirrhosis].

PMID- 3409275
TI  - [Circulatory changes in the bones of the hindlimb in rats after ligation of the
      femoral artery].

PMID- 3409276
TI  - [Occurrence of a delusion disorder in AIDS].

PMID- 3409277
TI  - [Bone remodeling].

PMID- 3409278
TI  - [The effect of locomotor activity on the level of bone reconstruction in
      rheumatoid arthritis].

PMID- 3409279
TI  - [Decreased production of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in patients with chronic kidney
      failure].

PMID- 3409280
TI  - [A center for voluntary bone marrow donors at the Institute of Hematology and
      Blood Transfusion in Prague].

PMID- 3409281
TI  - [Airway resistance in healthy persons during tube breathing].

PMID- 3409282
TI  - [Is a world without infections and antibiotics possible?].

PMID- 3409283
TI  - [The role of chronic vitamin C deficiency on cardiovascular mortality].

PMID- 3409284
TI  - [Medico-sociological analysis of 89 cases of cerebrovascular stroke].

PMID- 3409285
TI  - [Changes in the anti-edematous effect of sodium salicylate in rats due to the
      effect of aging].

PMID- 3409286
TI  - [Isolation of Borrelia in the tissues of patient with Lyme borreliosis].

PMID- 3409287
TI  - Melanin-concentrating hormone-like immunoreactive material in the rat
      hypothalamus; characterization and subcellular localization.
AB  - Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) is a neurosecretory peptide that induces
      melanin concentration within teleost melanophores. Here, we characterized MCH
      like substance in the rat brain by both an in vitro fish-scale melanophore
      bioassay and a radioimmunoassay with a salmon MCH antiserum that is directed
      toward the carboxy-terminus and requires the cyclic configuration for
      recognition. Furthermore, subcellular localization of the MCH in the rat brain
      was examined by immunocytochemistry using electron microscopy. We confirmed that
      MCH-immunoreactivity and MCH-bioactivity were present together in the same
      effluent fractions of the rat hypothalamic extracts by reverse-phase high
      performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). At electron microscopic level, MCH
      immunoreactivity was located specifically in secretory granules in MCH-positive
      cell bodies confined to the hypothalamus with their neuronal processes projecting
      widely in the rat brain. Although full characterization of substance must await
      its isolation, our results strongly support the notion that rat MCH-like
      substance may be homologous but not identical to salmon MCH, and simultaneously
      may serve some neurotransmitter and/or neuromodulator role in the brain of the
      rat.

PMID- 3409288
TI  - Morphology of neurones associated with the antennal heart of Periplaneta
      americana (Blattodea, Insecta).
AB  - Innervation of the antennal heart, an independent accessory circulatory motor in
      the head of insects, was investigated in the cockroach Periplaneta americana by
      use of axonal cobalt filling and transmission electron microscopy. The muscles
      associated with this organ are innervated by neurones located in a part of the
      suboesophageal ganglion, generally considered to be formed by the mandibular
      neuromere. Dorsal unpaired median (DUM) and paired contralateral neurones were
      stained. The axons of all these neurones run along the circumoesophageal
      connectives and through the paired nervus corporis cardiaci III into the corpora
      cardiaca. They pass through these organs forming fine arborizations there and
      exit anteriorly as a small pair of nerves which terminate at the antennal heart
      dilator muscles. Numerous branches of these nerves extend beyond the lateral
      borders of the large transverse dilator muscle and terminate in the ampullar
      walls of the antennal heart. These neurosecretory fibres form neurohaemal areas
      which obviously release their products into the haemolymph, which is pumped into
      the antennae. The possible functions of the neurones associated with the antennal
      heart are discussed with respect to both, their role as a modulatory input for
      the circulatory motor and as a neurohormonal release site.

PMID- 3409289
TI  - Glomerular bypass shunts in the kidney of the Atlantic hagfish, Myxine glutinosa.
AB  - The vascular pathways associated with the glomerulus of the Atlantic hagfish,
      Myxine glutinosa have been studied by scanning electron microscopy of corroded
      resin casts of the vasculature. Although the overall pattern of the renal
      vasculature did not differ from earlier reports, a previously unreported vascular
      pathway which arose from the renal artery and bypassed the glomerular capillaries
      in 28% of glomeruli was clearly demonstrated. Glomerular bypass shunts either ran
      to join the loose capillary network around Bowman's capsule and thereby drain
      into the network of vessels associated with the mesonephric duct (ureter), or ran
      directly into the ureteral system of vessels and subsequently into the posterior
      cardinal veins. Glomerular bypass shunts which theoretically permit renal
      arterial blood to bypass the process of filtration may play a role in the
      regulation of body fluid volume.

PMID- 3409290
TI  - Complex-type glycoproteins synthesized in the subcommissural organ of mammals.
      Light- and electron-microscopic investigations by use of lectins.
AB  - The secretory activity in the subcommissural organ (SCO) of the sheep and cow was
      examined by means of lectin histochemistry and cytochemistry. Among the various
      lectins tested. Concanavalin A (Con A) revealed glycoproteins rich in mannosyl
      residues in the rough endoplasmic reticulum of ependymal and hypendymal cells.
      One of these Con A-positive glycoproteins may represent the precursor of the
      specific secretory component elaborated in the SCO, giving rise to Reissner's
      fiber. Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) and Phaseolus vulgaris hemagglutinins (E
      PHA and L-PHA), known to bind to oligosaccharides, as well as wheat-germ
      agglutinin (WGA) revealing neuraminic acid, labeled secretory granules located in
      the apical part of ependymal and hypendymal cells of ruminants, and also
      Reissner's fiber. Electron-microscopic visualization of WGA-positive material in
      the Golgi complex shows that complex-type glycoproteins are synthesized in the
      subcommissural organ of mammals. The electron-dense material is mainly secreted
      into the ventricular cavity and gives rise to Reissner's fiber. On the basis of
      lectin affinity for oligosaccharides, a structure of the complex-type
      oligosaccharide is proposed.

PMID- 3409291
TI  - Atropine inhibits the degranulation of Paneth cells in ex-germ-free mice.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that the secretory products of Paneth cells contain
      antibacterial agents (lysozyme, IgA) that are affected by the bacterial milieu in
      the intestine. To investigate whether Paneth-cell secretion is controlled via
      cholinergic mechanisms, the ultrastructure of Paneth cells was studied in four
      animal groups: (1) germ-free (GF) control mice (Jcl: ICR [GN], male, 13 weeks
      old), (2) GF mice injected subcutaneously with atropine sulfate (200 mg/kg body
      weight, dissolved in physiological saline 20 mg/ml), (3) ex-GF mice inoculated
      with feces from specific-pathogen-free (SPF) mice, and (4) ex-GF mice injected
      with atropine and inoculated with feces from SPF mice. In ex-GF mice inoculated
      with feces, 70-90% of the Paneth cells showed fewer secretory granules than those
      from GF mice (p less than 0.01). Approximately 30% of the Paneth cells had a
      large vacuole (3-10 micron diameter) in the apical cytoplasm. Exocytosed electron
      dense material from secretory granules was observed in a few crypt lumens. In ex
      GF mice inoculated with feces and given atropine, about 90% of the Paneth cells
      contained numerous secretory granules, like those in GF control mice, but
      vacuolated Paneth cells and exocytotic figures were rare; thus the secretion of
      Paneth cells was blocked by atropine. It is therefore possible that the bacterial
      milieu in the intestine affects the secretory activity of Paneth cells via
      cholinergic mechanisms.

PMID- 3409293
TI  - Migration of granulated metrial gland cells from cultured explants of mouse
      metrial gland tissue.
AB  - The migration of granulated metrial gland (GMG) cells from cultured explants of
      metrial gland tissue obtained from mice killed between days 10 and 16 of
      pregnancy has been studied. GMG cells migrated from all of the explants but more
      GMG cells were found around explants obtained from mice at day 10 of pregnancy
      than around explants obtained at later stages of pregnancy. The number of GMG
      cells found around each explant reached a peak at days 1, 2 or 3 of culture but
      only a few GMG cells were found around the explants by day 7 of culture.

PMID- 3409292
TI  - Iodine binding and peroxidase activity in the endostyle of Salpa fusiformis,
      Thalia democratica, Dolioletta gegenbauri and Doliolum nationalis (Tunicata,
      Thaliacea).
AB  - The protothyroid region in the endostyles of four species of tunicates was
      examined by means of autoradiography and cytochemistry, at both the light and
      electron-microscopic levels. To reveal the primary binding site for iodine,
      autoradiography was carried out on endostylar tissue from animals that had been
      incubated with high activity 125I over a short period of time. The specific
      iodine binding enzyme, a peroxidase, was traced by its reaction with DAB. In
      accordance with previous findings, the iodine-binding cells proved to be the same
      as those containing the peroxidase. There were also strong indications of a
      secondary uptake of iodinated compounds and subsequent release into the body
      fluid. Together with the ultrastructural features, the data provided strong
      evidence indicating that these cells constitute a protothyroid region, which
      partly functions as an endocrine organ, possibly homologous with the vertebrate
      thyroid gland. Since the number of zones varied between the species, the
      numeration of the protothyroid region also varied. However, in all the examined
      endostyles, the protothyroid region was seen to be situated dorsolaterally to the
      glandular regions of the endostyle concerned with food capture.

PMID- 3409294
TI  - Serotonin and gastrin/cholecystokinin-like immunoreactive neurons in the larval
      retrocerebral complex of the blowfly Calliphora erythrocephala.
AB  - The presence and distribution of neurons immunoreactive against antibodies to
      serotonin (5-HT) and gastrin/cholecystokinin (gastrin/CCK) has been studied in
      the larval retrocerebral complex of the blowfly Calliphora erythrocephala, a
      composite structure which consists of the corpus cardiacum, the corpus allatum,
      the thoracic gland and a portion of the cephalic aorta. Immunoreactive material
      was found in all these elements except in the corpus allatum. Six to eight cell
      bodies in the corpus cardiacum and four to eight cell bodies in the thoracic
      gland were 5-HT immunoreactive (5-HTi). These 5-HTi cell bodies send processes to
      the neuropil of the corpus cardiacum and to neurohemal sites in the cephalic
      aorta, corpus cardiacum and ventral part of the thoracic gland. Six to eight cell
      bodies in the corpus cardiacum and four to six cell bodies in the thoracic gland
      reacted with antibodies against gastrin/CCK. These cell bodies send processes to
      the neuropil of the corpus cardiacum and to neurohemal sites in the corpus
      cardiacum and the cephalic aorta in a pattern resembling that of the 5-HTi
      fibers. Additional gastrin/CCK-like immunoreactive fibers were shown to come from
      the central nervous system via the two nervi corporis cardiaci. An electron
      microscopical analysis was performed to analyze further the morphological
      features revealed by the light-microscopic immunocytochemical technique. This
      confirmed the existence of neurosecretory-like terminals among the gland cells of
      the thoracic glands and the existence of neurohemal sites in several regions of
      the larval retrocerebral complex. Some functional aspects of the retrocerebral
      complex are discussed on the basis of the presented data.

PMID- 3409295
TI  - Immunocytochemical study of the hypothalamic magnocellular neurosecretory nuclei
      of the snake Natrix maura and the turtle Mauremys caspica.
AB  - An immunocytochemical study of the magnocellular neurosecretory nuclei was
      performed in the snake Natrix maura and the turtle Mauremys caspica by use of
      antisera against: (1) a mixture of both bovine neurophysins, (2) bovine oxytocin
      neurophysin, (3) arginine vasotocin, and (4) mesotocin. Arginine vasotocin- and
      mesotocin-immunoreactivities were localized in individual neurons of the
      supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei, with a distinct pattern of distribution in
      both species. The same cells appeared to be stained by the anti-oxytocin
      neurophysin and antimesotocin sera. The supraoptic nucleus can be subdivided into
      rostral medial and caudal portions. In N. maura, but not in M. caspica,
      neurophysin-immunoreactive neurons were found in the retrochiasmatic nucleus. No
      immunoreactive elements were seen in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of both species
      after the use of any of the antisera. A dorsolateral aggregation of neurophysin
      containing cells, localized over the lateral forebrain bundle, was present in
      both species. Magnocellular and parvocellular neurophysin-immunoreactive neurons
      were present in the paraventricular nucleus of both species. In the turtle, the
      paraventricular neurons were arranged into four distinct layers parallel to the
      ependyma; these neurons were bipolar with the major axis perpendicular to the
      ventricle, and many of them projected processes toward the cerebrospinal-fluid
      compartment. In N. maura a group of large neurons of the paraventricular nucleus
      was found in a very lateral position. The posterior lobe of the hypophysis and
      the external zone of the median eminence contained arginine vasotocin- and
      mesotocin-immunoreactive nerve fibers. The lamina termialis of both species was
      supplied with a dense bundle of fibers containing immunoreactive neurophysin.
      Neurophysin-immunoreactive fibers were also present in the septum, some
      telencephalic regions, including the cortex and the olfactory tubercule, in the
      paraventricular organ, and the periventricular and periaqueductal gray of the
      brainstem.

PMID- 3409296
TI  - Electron probe X-ray microanalysis of the composition of hyaline articular and
      non-articular cartilage in young and aged rats.
AB  - Blocks of articular cartilage were taken from tibiae of young adult (8 week) and
      aged adult (50-60 week) rats; xiphisternal cartilage was obtained from young
      adult rats. Specimens were quench-frozen in nitrogen slush, freeze-fractured and
      examined by low-temperature scanning electron microscopy. The results of X-ray
      microanalysis of frozen-hydrated bulk cartilage are semi-quantitative. The
      composition of chondrocyte nuclei and cytoplasm are only marginally different.
      Xiphisternal chondrocytes contain lipid inclusions which show an absence of
      element peaks and are designated as being neutral lipid. Intra- and extracellular
      Na, P, S, Cl, K and Ca count rates are significantly different. Cartilage from
      older rats contains more S and Ca, and less K and Cl in the intercellular matrix
      than that from young rats. Intracellular K levels are lower in aged than in young
      rats. The intercellular matrix of xiphisternal cartilage contains larger amounts
      of S, Na and K, and a smaller amount of Cl compared to that of tibial articular
      cartilage.

PMID- 3409297
TI  - The ultrastructure of prolactin cells in the annual cyprinodont Cynolebias whitei
      during its life cycle. A morphometric study in freshwater- and saltwater-reared
      fish.
AB  - Prolactin (PRL) cells were studied electron-microscopically and morphometrically
      in the annual cyprinodont fish, Cynolebias whitei during its life cycle. In
      prehatching larvae, PRL cells possessed small secretory granules, giant
      mitochondria and a well-developed Golgi apparatus. During hatching, no changes
      were observed in the volume density of the secretory granules, indicating that no
      increased release of PRL occurs at hatching. A significant change in the
      composition of PRL cells, i.e., the volume densities per cytoplasm volume of the
      different organelles, occurred between one day and one week of age. Thereafter,
      only minor differences were observed between age groups, indicating that no major
      changes occur in PRL cell activity during the lifespan of C. whitei. However, the
      volume density per cell volume of the nucleus decreased steadily with age during
      the lifespan. A comparison of the PRL cells in young and adult fish reared in
      fresh water (FW) with siblings reared from hatching in diluted sea water (1/3 SW)
      did not reveal any differences with respect to the volume densities of the
      organelles, including the secretory granules. However, significant differences
      were observed with respect to the diameter, electron-dense content and affinity
      to anti-PRL serum of the secretory granules. These differences indicate that,
      despite the similar volumetric composition of the PRL cells, their secretory
      granules contain a substantially higher concentration of PRL in FW-reared fish
      than in 1/3 SW-reared fish.

PMID- 3409298
TI  - Immunoreactive methionine-enkephalin in the caudal neurosecretory system of the
      carp, Cyprinus carpio.
AB  - Methionine-enkephalin (Met-enk) was detected by immunocytochemistry and
      radioimmunoassay in the caudal neuro-secretory system of the carp Cyprinus
      carpio. Some cells showing urotensin I (UI)-immunoreactivity reacted to Met-enk
      antiserum, but others did not. Neurons with urotensin II (UII)-immunoreactivity
      did not react to Met-enk antiserum; neurons with both UI and UII
      immunoreactivities also displayed a negative Met-enk reaction. Met-enk was
      detected by radioimmunoassay in the urophysis, although the content was
      relatively small compared with that found in other parts of the central nervous
      system and in the pituitary.

PMID- 3409299
TI  - FMRFamide-like immunoreactivity in the metathoracic ganglion of the locust
      (Schistocerca gregaria).
AB  - The distribution of FMRFamide-like immunoreactivity in the metathoracic ganglion
      of the locust, Schistocerca gregaria, has been investigated in serial semithin
      transverse sections with the use of the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP)
      technique. The topographical distribution of approximately 120 immunopositive
      neurons was established. Antiserum against bovine pancreatic polypeptide (BPP)
      stains the same ganglionic cells as FMRFamide-antiserum, yet this staining is
      largely blocked after preabsorption to FMRFamide. A comparison of these results
      with those from other studies suggests that there may be more than one type of
      endogenous RFamide-like peptide.

PMID- 3409301
TI  - [Design of cohort studies and statistics analysis].

PMID- 3409300
TI  - [Detection of Legionella antigens in the urine by a biotin-avidin enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay and coagglutination test].

PMID- 3409302
TI  - [Study of correlation between the fluoride content of drinking water and the
      proportion of constitute of clinical types of endemic skeletal fluorosis].

PMID- 3409303
TI  - [An epidemiological survey of an outbreak of scrotal dermatitis].

PMID- 3409304
TI  - [A study on the infectivity of the asymptomatic HBsAg carrier and its role in the
      transmission of hepatitis B virus].

PMID- 3409305
TI  - [An analysis of risk factors of lung cancer in Harbin City].

PMID- 3409306
TI  - [An epidemiological survey of the nervous system in old people in Hongkou
      District].

PMID- 3409307
TI  - [A survey of Toxoplasma gondii infection of miners in the Nantun coal mine].

PMID- 3409308
TI  - [A compound catalytic model with both reversible and two-stage types and its
      applications in epidemiological studies].

PMID- 3409309
TI  - Comparison of ioxaglate with diatrizoate in angiography of the internal mammary
      artery.
AB  - To compare ioxaglate with the traditional agent diatrizoate, 44 patients
      scheduled to undergo coronary angiography that included internal mammary artery
      (IMA) visualization were entered into a randomized double blind-parallel design
      protocol. Complete data were collected on 32 out of 44. Four patients were
      withdrawn because of angiographically normal coronary arteries; seven, because of
      unsuccessful IMA cannulation; and one, because of an anaphylaxis-like reaction to
      ioxaglate. No other serious adverse effects were seen with either agent. The
      major endpoints were patient and physician assessments of discomfort, rated
      independently on a 4-point scale. Ioxaglate caused significantly less discomfort
      (n = 17, median rating of "mild discomfort") than did diatrizoate (n = 15, median
      rating of "severe discomfort"; P less than 0.01); this effect was independent of
      patient sex, the number of injections, and the volume of dye injected.
      Radiographic quality was good with both agents. We conclude that ioxaglate is
      much better tolerated than diatrizoate during angiography of the IMA.

PMID- 3409310
TI  - Mitral valve motion during diastole in patients with complete heart block:
      relation of pressure gradients between left atrium and left ventricle.
AB  - We analyzed the high-fidelity left atrial and left ventricular pressures and the
      echocardiograms of the mitral valve, left atrium, and left ventricle in patients
      with complete heart block. During left ventricular diastole, the mitral valve
      opened, and no pressure gradient was observed between the left atrium and the
      left ventricle before the left atrial contraction. After the left atrial
      contraction, the mitral valve closed with persistent higher left ventricular than
      left atrial pressure. These findings indicated that during the left ventricular
      diastole in patients with complete heart block, the mitral valve closed after the
      left atrial contraction, which appeared to be maintained by the pressure gradient
      between the left ventricle and the left atrium.

PMID- 3409311
TI  - Assessment of aortic pressure-volume relationships with an impedance catheter.
AB  - Volume measurements obtained with an impedance catheter (impedance volume
      measurements) have been used previously in determining pressure-volume
      relationships in the right and left ventricles and in the right atrium. The
      purpose of the present study was to determine the utility of impedance volume
      techniques in the assessment of aortic pressure-volume relationships in animals
      and humans. Experiments to develop this methodology were first performed in ten
      anesthetized dogs, with simultaneous measurements of aortic pressure
      (micromanometer), diameter (ultrasonic crystals), and impedance volume. Transient
      (20 sec) inferior vena cava (IVC) occlusion and nitroprusside infusion resulted
      in a reproducible series of aortic pressure-volume and pressure-diameter points.
      In each case changes in impedance volume closely paralleled changes in diameter.
      From the wide range of pressure-volume points, it was possible to construct
      pressure-volume plots for a single cardiac cycle, as well as longer loops over a
      20-40 mm Hg pressure range. End-systolic and end-diastolic pressure-volume points
      could subsequently be identified, which outlined a more precise pressure-volume
      relationship that was linear in six cases and curvilinear in four cases,
      depending on the level of aortic pressure. We extended these techniques to human
      subjects undergoing diagnostic cardiac catheterization. Studies using the
      impedance catheter in the aorta were performed in 11 patients. Aortic pressure
      volume curves were elicited during Valsalva maneuver to obtain data over a range
      wider than that of a single cardiac cycle. Measurements of relative volume were
      calibrated with simultaneous M-mode echocardiography in three patients. We
      conclude that pressure-volume relationships in the aorta can be assessed with
      impedance volume techniques, making possible in vivo measurements of arterial
      compliance. Potential nonlinearities in aortic P-V relationships require that the
      assessment of aortic compliance encompass as much as possible of the physiologic
      range of pressure and volume.

PMID- 3409312
TI  - Cortical blindness after left internal mammary artery to left anterior descending
      coronary artery graft angiography.
AB  - We describe a case of transient cortical blindness following internal mammary
      artery to left anterior descending coronary artery graft angiography. This
      dramatic, infrequent, and self-limiting complication so far has not been
      described in the cardiovascular literature. In the present era of internal
      mammary artery use for the left coronary artery grafting, the angiographer should
      be familiar with the diagnosis, prevention, and management of complications
      previously seen mostly during the posterior cerebral circulation angiography.

PMID- 3409313
TI  - Bilateral coronary thrombosis in the absence of inducible coronary spasm,
      thrombocytosis, coagulation abnormalities, or angiographic evidence of coronary
      artery disease: previously undescribed method of myocardial infarction.
AB  - A 32-year-old man presented with symptoms and electrocardiographic changes
      consistent with acute anterolateral myocardial infarction. Selective coronary
      angiography revealed thromboses in the infarct related artery as well as in the
      right coronary artery. This case is unique because bilateral in-situ coronary
      thrombosis producing acute myocardial infarction was documented in the absence of
      previously proposed mechanisms.

PMID- 3409314
TI  - Concurrent percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty for combined tricuspid and pulmonic
      stenoses.
AB  - Percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty was successfully performed in a 55-year-old
      Chinese woman with severe recurrent tricuspid and pulmonic stenoses 11 1/2 years
      following open valvotomies. An Inoue balloon catheter with the balloon made of
      double-layered rubber and nylon micromesh was used. The orifices of the tricuspid
      and pulmonic valves increased from 13 to 27 mm in diameter and from 6 to 14 mm in
      diameter, respectively, following concurrent balloon valvuloplasties. The present
      report demonstrated for the first time the feasibility of percutaneous balloon
      valvuloplasty for combined valvular stenoses.

PMID- 3409316
TI  - A simple modified technique for recording sinus node electrogram.
AB  - We recommend a technique for recording a sinus node electrogram (SNE) that is
      quite simple and makes it easy to locate the electrode poles firmly in the place
      underlying the sinus node (SN); the success rate is 97%.

PMID- 3409315
TI  - Axillary vein approach for pulmonic valvuloplasty in infants with iliac vein
      obstruction.
AB  - Repeated pulmonic balloon valvuloplasty from the axillary vein was performed in
      two infants with initial transvalvular gradients of 131 and 162 mm Hg. The first
      angioplasty was performed through the femoral vein and improved the valve
      gradient in both patients. Because of obstruction of the iliac system the
      axillary vein approach was used for the second angioplasty. The transaxillary
      pulmonic valvuloplasty decreased the gradient to acceptable levels, and no
      complications were noticed. The axillary vein approach can be the alternative to
      the femoral one in cases with obstructed iliac system or interrupted inferior
      vena cava.

PMID- 3409317
TI  - The Paceport catheter: a new pacemaker system introduced through a Swan-Ganz
      catheter.
AB  - We describe a new stainless steel, teflon-coated 2.4 F pacemaker wire with a
      flexible tip that can be introduced through an extra lumen of a specially
      designed 7.5 F Swan-Ganz catheter. The extra lumen opens at 19 cm from the tip of
      the catheter; this opening can be positioned in the right ventricular cavity. The
      pacemaker wire can be introduced at the time of insertion of the Swan-Ganz
      catheter or later when the need for ventricular pacing arises. The Paceport
      catheter was tested in 23 patients. Satisfactory ventricular pacing was achieved
      in 19 patients at thresholds between 0.5 and 4.0 mA (median 2.0 mA). The
      threshold increased by 1 mA during long-term pacing (8-24 hr). Attempts to use
      the pacemaker were abandoned when short runs of ventricular tachycardia developed
      upon introduction, while an exceptionally high threshold was observed in another
      patient. The Paceport system is recommended for patients who require hemodynamic
      monitoring and urgent ventricular pacing.

PMID- 3409318
TI  - Who will watch the watchdogs?

PMID- 3409319
TI  - Genes specifically expressed at growth arrest of mammalian cells.
AB  - A subtraction cDNA library enriched for RNA sequences preferentially expressed in
      growth-arrested cells was prepared. Six cDNA clones were identified, varying in
      abundance from 2% to 0.0002% of the library and in size from 0.8 to 10 kb. The
      corresponding mRNAs are downregulated with different kinetics upon induction of
      growth by serum. The kinetics of induction after serum starvation and density
      dependent inhibition of two of these growth-arrest-specific (gas) genes were
      investigated in more detail. Two cell lines transformed by viral onc genes did
      not express the two gas genes. The full-length cDNA for one gene has been
      sequenced and the protein product preliminarily characterized by in vitro
      translation.

PMID- 3409320
TI  - Multiple neuropeptides derived from a common precursor are differentially
      packaged and transported.
AB  - The ELH prohormone is proteolytically processed into at least nine peptides which
      govern egg-laying behavior in Aplysia. Quantitative immunocytochemistry
      demonstrates that peptides derived from the prohormone are packaged into distinct
      vesicle classes. Further experiments suggest the segregation occurs via a rapid
      initial proteolytic cleavage of the prohormone followed by sorting at the trans
      Golgi. Egg-laying hormone (ELH) immunoreactivity is localized to the cell body
      and processes, while bag cell peptide (BCP) immunoreactivity is greater in the
      cell body. Steady state levels of the amino-terminal set of peptides including
      the BCPs are 3- to 8-fold lower than the carboxy-terminal cleavage products, such
      as ELH. Thus, intracellular packaging and routing of the peptides cleaved from a
      single prohormone regulate their localization and levels in these neurons.

PMID- 3409321
TI  - Regulated expression of a gene encoding a nuclear factor, IRF-1, that
      specifically binds to IFN-beta gene regulatory elements.
AB  - Expression of the interferon-beta (IFN-beta) gene is induced by a variety of
      agents, including viruses. Evidence has been provided that a mouse nuclear
      factor, termed interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1), specifically binds to the
      upstream regulatory region of the human IFN-beta gene and mediates virus-induced
      transcription of the gene. In this study, we describe the molecular cloning and
      characterization of the mouse and human cDNAs encoding IRF-1. Our results suggest
      that IRF-1 is also involved in the regulation of other genes such as IFN-alpha
      and MHC class I genes. Surprisingly, IRF-1 gene expression is dramatically
      induced by Newcastle disease virus in mouse L929 cells and by Concanavalin A in
      spleen cells. We show here that the IRF-1 gene possesses virus-inducible
      promoter.

PMID- 3409322
TI  - Factors related to the initiation of cell migration along the inner surface of
      the blastocoelic wall during amphibian gastrulation.
AB  - Changes in the quantity of extracellular matrix on the inner surface of the
      blastocoelic wall (BW) and the adhesiveness of cells to fibronectin were examined
      in relation to the timing of initiation of cell migration along the BW during
      gastrulation of the newt, Cynops pyrrhogaster. Extracellular matrix fibrils were
      already abundantly present all over the inner surface of the BW prior to the
      beginning of cell migration. On the other hand, the adhesiveness of cells to
      fibronectin rapidly increased in the cells of the dorsal region at the same time
      as the cell migration initiated along the BW.

PMID- 3409323
TI  - Close juxtaposition between inducing chordamesoderm and reacting neuroectoderm is
      a prerequisite for neural induction in Xenopus laevis.
AB  - The results of this study indicate that the induction of the central nervous
      system in Xenopus laevis depends on the close juxtaposition of inducing
      chordamesoderm and reacting ectoderm, which is necessary for the short distance
      migration of neural inducing factors. The examination of the neuroectoderm
      chordamesoderm interface at intervals of 1 h up to 5 h showed that the onset of
      neural induction is correlated to the degree of contact formation between
      ectodermal and mesodermal cells. In the ectoderm cells the number of coated pits,
      a feature of receptor-mediated endocytosis, is increased. Furthermore there exist
      telophase bridges between some ectoderm cells, which are possibly correlated to
      secondary cell interactions.

PMID- 3409324
TI  - Regulation of tubulin and actin synthesis and accumulation during Blastocladiella
      emersonii development.
AB  - Actin and alpha and beta-tubulin have been identified in Blastocladiella
      emersonii by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and Western blotting. The
      kinetics of synthesis of these proteins were compared by pulse-labeling
      experiments with [35S]methionine and with the accumulation of their corresponding
      mRNAs, translated in a cell-free system. Large increases occur in the rates of
      actin and alpha- and beta-tubulin biosynthesis during sporulation and there is an
      accumulation of the corresponding mRNAs. In parallel to the increased synthesis,
      these cytoskeletal proteins accumulate during the late stage of sporulation.

PMID- 3409325
TI  - Developmental regulation of the monoclonally defined IIC3 antigen during primary
      and secondary trophoblast differentiation in vitro.
AB  - The monoclonally defined IIC3 antigen has been found to be developmentally
      regulated during primary and secondary trophoblast differentiation in the mouse.
      Cell surface expression of the antigen was associated only with diploid and
      tetraploid trophoblast cell types. Endoreduplication to 8C DNA in differentiating
      trophoblast giant cells was associated with a loss of IIC3 cell surface
      expression and appearance of cytoplasmic expression. This developmental change
      was not temporally regulated, but dependent on the attachment and outgrowth of
      the trophoblast in vitro. The surface antigen was neither shed into the media nor
      masked by glycosylation, but was apparently internalized by the trophoblast giant
      cells.

PMID- 3409326
TI  - Expression of gene coding for a melanosomal matrix protein transcriptionally
      regulated in the transdifferentiation of chick embryo pigmented epithelial cells.
AB  - Chicken 115-kDa melanosomal matrix protein (MMP115) was purified from cultured
      pigmented epithelial cells (PECs), and mouse antiserum was raised to isolate cDNA
      clones. lambda gt11 expression library made from poly(A)+ RNA of the homogeneous
      population of PECs was screened with the antiserum. Nine positive clones were
      obtained from 5 X 10(5) independent phages, and inserts of them shared a common
      nucleotide sequence. The beta-galactosidase fusion protein from the longest
      insert (MM-2, 1.0 kb long) was recognized by the anti-MMP115 antiserum in
      immunoblotting, and the antibody, which was affinity-selected by the fusion
      protein, specifically reacted with the 115-kDa protein in PEC extracts. The RNA
      blot analysis with the MM-2 insert as a probe revealed that a transcript of 2.6
      kb was expressed by the PEC in a tissue-specific manner. mRNA expressions in the
      process of in vitro transdifferentiation from PECs to lens cells were analyzed
      using the MM-2 insert. The transcripts were detected in neither
      transdifferentiating, transdifferentiated lens cells nor bipotent
      dedifferentiated PECs, although the 2.6 kb transcript was vigorously synthesized
      by redifferentiating into PECs.

PMID- 3409327
TI  - Development of the fetal rat liver: ultrastructural and stereological study of
      hepatocytes.
AB  - Qualitative and quantitative changes in the liver tissue composition have been
      studied during prenatal development of the Wistar rat by electron microscopy and
      stereologic methods. The absolute volume of the fetal liver is multiplied by 84
      between days 13 and 20 of gestation. In the meantime, the average hepatocyte
      volume is multiplied by 1.5 between days 12 and 20. The volumetric fraction of
      hepatocytes increases from 35% of the volumetric fraction of the liver on day 12
      to 66% on day 20 of gestation. The non-hepatocyte cells decrease from 49% on day
      12 to 25% on day 20. By days 12 and 13, the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the
      Golgi apparatus are well differentiated, indicating that young fetal hepatocytes
      are able to synthesize and export plasma proteins. The volumetric fraction of
      free ribosomes decreases from 38% of the hepatocytic cytoplasm on days 12 and 13
      to 6% on day 20. The mitochondrial compartment occupies about 10% of the
      hepatocyte cytoplasm. The mitochondria, small and round on days 12, 13 and 14,
      become oblong from day 18 of gestation. The shape of hepatocytes changes during
      the prenatal development, from potato-like on days 12, 13, 14 to cubic on day 20,
      with an intermediate, more spheric, stage on day 18.

PMID- 3409328
TI  - Prevention by a platelet-derived factor (platelet factor 4) of induction of low
      dose tolerance to pneumococcal polysaccharides.
AB  - It was previously shown that human or mouse serum, and platelet factor 4 (PF4)
      prepared from human platelet releasate, counteracts nonspecific immunosuppression
      induced in mice by injection of concanavalin A or syngeneic gamma-irradiated
      lymphoma cells. The present studies show that PF4 prepared from normal mouse or
      human serum by absorption to heparin-agarose and elution between 0.5 and 1.5 M
      NaCl is also active in this respect. The ability of PF4 to counteract antigen
      specific suppression of the antibody response to pneumococcal polysaccharide
      (pps) was now studied. PF4 derived from human or mouse serum as well as
      recombinant PF4 interferes with induction of antigen-specific low dose tolerance
      when they are injected at the same time as a low dose (0.2 microgram) of type 14
      pps 3 days before an optimal immunizing dose (25 micrograms). Furthermore,
      injection of platelet releasate at the time of an optimal primary immunizing dose
      of pps type 14 enhances the secondary response to killed bacteria injected 2
      weeks later, but not the primary response itself. Both effects are interpreted as
      due to interference with antigen-specific suppressor cell induction during
      primary immunization. Injection of PF4 is much less effective in reversing low
      dose tolerance to an optimal immunizing dose (0.1 microgram) of type 3 pps
      induced by injection of 0.005 microgram of this antigen. Differences in the
      mechanism of tolerance induction for the two pps types that might be responsible
      for this are discussed.

PMID- 3409329
TI  - Adoptive transfer of H-2-incompatible lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells: an
      approach for successful cancer immunotherapy free from graft-versus-host disease
      (GVHD) using murine models.
AB  - We investigated whether the adoptive transfer of H-2-incompatible lymphokine
      activated killer (LAK) cells would efficiently demonstrate antitumor activity
      without damaging the normal host cells. Allogeneic LAK cells (5 X 10(7] did not
      cause graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in irradiated recipients, whereas more
      than half of the mice transferred with the same dose of fresh allogeneic spleen
      cells developed GVHD. Repeated transfer (three times at 4-day intervals, 1.2 X
      10(8) cells/mouse) did not result in GVHD. Graft-versus-host reaction (GVHR),
      which is detectable by spleen enlargement of recipients transferred with
      allogeneic lymphoid cells was also absent in LAK cell-transferred mice of all
      strain combinations tested. Host immune responses were not affected in these
      mice. Therefore, it is feasible to transfer allogeneic LAK cells. With the
      antitumor efficacy of allogeneic LAK cells, they preferentially lysed allogeneic
      tumor targets. Adoptive transfer of the allogeneic LAK cells led to a significant
      decrease in the lung-colonizing foci of intravenously inoculated B16 melanoma
      cells. Allogeneic LAK cells and syngeneic ones were equally active, in vivo. The
      use of allogeneic LAK cells may prove to be a valuable method for effective
      clinical antitumor immunotherapy.

PMID- 3409330
TI  - Cytolytic activity of murine anti-dog lymphoma monoclonal antibodies with canine
      effector cells and complement.
AB  - Peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL), nonadherent lymphocytes, and adherent
      monocytes separated from freshly isolated blood of 15 dogs were analyzed for
      their ability to mediate antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) in
      combination with murine anti-tumor monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). Canine monocytes
      isolated from most donors by adherence to gelatin-fibronectin-coated plastic
      surface presented high ADCC activity against the canine lymphoma 17-71 tumor cell
      line in combination with antilymphoma MAbs 231 (IgG2a) and 234-2a (IgG2a). Canine
      lymphocytes generally showed lower ADCC activity than total PBL or monocytes.
      Canine PBL effector cells showed high ADCC activity against the human colorectal
      carcinoma SW948 cell line using the Y-6-specific MAb isotype switch variants 55-2
      IgG3, 55-2 IgG1, 55-2 IgG2b, and 55-2 IgG2a. Analysis of the role of murine MAb
      isotypes on ADCC activity against tumors by canine cells using anti-human tumor
      class-switch variant MAbs and a panel of anti-canine lymphoma MAbs of different
      IgG subclass revealed the highest ADCC activity with MAbs of the IgG2a and IgG3
      subclasses. IgG2a antilymphoma MAbs were also able to lyse tumor cells in
      complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) assay. These results suggest the
      potential value of MAbs of IgG3 and IgG2a subclasses in immunotherapy against
      canine lymphoma.

PMID- 3409331
TI  - Normal murine and porcine embryos recruit NK cells to the uterus.
AB  - Decidual NK cells, indistinguishable from those found in lymphoid tissues, are
      present in cell suspensions prepared from maternal decidua of random-bred mice
      between Days 6.5 and 10.5 of first gestation. The stringency of the correlation
      between NK cells and normal embryos during successful pregnancy is unknown. Our
      previous finding that active NK cells were unable to mediate lysis of fresh
      embryonic tissues at any stage during gestation suggests that if NK cells play a
      functional role in normal pregnancy it would be a noncytolytic role. Before
      studies on the function of uterine NK cells were undertaken, evidence that the
      association of NK cells with normal embryos is widespread was sought by assessing
      NK cell activity in cell suspensions from decidua of syngeneically mated mice,
      from decidua of multiparous, random-bred mice, and from the endometrium of pigs
      during first pregnancy. Neither parity nor maternal-fetal compatibility changed
      the pattern of high levels of decidual NK cell activity early in pregnancy
      followed by decline. Porcine NK cell activity was not detected in uterine cells
      isolated from cycling pigs but in pregnant animals it gradually increased during
      the preattachment period and reached levels greater than those in blood,
      postattachment (Day 28). Some of this activity was hormone dependent but
      sustained increases in NK cell activity required the presence of an embryo. These
      studies demonstrate that the association of functional NK cells with normal
      embryos is widespread during early pregnancy.

PMID- 3409332
TI  - Metatarsophalangeal joint synovitis in athletes.
AB  - Metatarsophalangeal joint synovitis is a clinical entity of the forefoot with
      distinct findings. From a survey of 46 patients, characteristics and clinical
      findings are presented. Differential diagnosis and methods of treatment are
      discussed.

PMID- 3409333
TI  - Stress fractures of the tarsal navicular in long-distance runners.
AB  - The authors report on a study that attempted to (1) determine anatomic variations
      that predispose runners to tarsal navicular stress fractures; (2) study that
      loading responses of runners with stress fractures and of uninjured runners; (3)
      study the mechanical factors and biomechanics of the foot during running; (4)
      define a population at risk for developing stress fractures; and (5) propose an
      alteration in footwear that may reduce the force across the talonavicular joint.

PMID- 3409334
TI  - [What can be done to improve gynecologic care of children and adolescents?].

PMID- 3409335
TI  - [Delivery in breech presentation].

PMID- 3409336
TI  - [Physiologic values of 17 beta-estradiol in the saliva of pregnant women].

PMID- 3409337
TI  - [Changes in hematologic indicators after obstetrical and gynecological abdominal
      surgery].

PMID- 3409338
TI  - [Use of orosomucoid and prealbumin in the differential diagnosis of ovarian
      diseases].

PMID- 3409339
TI  - [AIDS in the gynecologic-obstetrical department].

PMID- 3409340
TI  - [Evaluation of the reliability of fractionated curettage and vacuum curettage in
      the diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma].

PMID- 3409341
TI  - [Clinical and morphological problems in the diagnosis of peritoneal
      mesothelioma].

PMID- 3409342
TI  - [The role of cervical factors in the etiopathogenesis of sterility].

PMID- 3409343
TI  - [What's next in obstetrical analgesia?].

PMID- 3409344
TI  - [Statistical evaluation of the EEG].

PMID- 3409345
TI  - [A program for evaluating ligand-receptor binding based on strong linear
      regression].

PMID- 3409346
TI  - [Abstracts of papers presented at the 37th Pharmacology Seminar. 27-29 August
      1987, Brno].

PMID- 3409347
TI  - [The status of hearing research in Czechoslovakia].

PMID- 3409348
TI  - [Changes in hearing due to impulse noise in metal-press workers].

PMID- 3409349
TI  - [Relation of cervico-aural fistula and cyst to auditory canal duplication and
      path of the facial nerve].

PMID- 3409350
TI  - [3 cases of cervico-aural fistula].

PMID- 3409351
TI  - [Nasopharyngeal obstruction due to malformations in childhood].

PMID- 3409353
TI  - [Infarction of the labyrinth].

PMID- 3409352
TI  - [Hearing loss in neonatal and infantile suppurative meningitis].

PMID- 3409354
TI  - [Diseases of the salivary glands in hospitalized surgery patients from the
      viewpoint of age distribution].

PMID- 3409355
TI  - [Early care of children with disorders of language development].

PMID- 3409356
TI  - [Olfactory neuroblastoma of the olfactory sinuses of the middle concha in a 9
      year-old girl].

PMID- 3409357
TI  - [The vascular supply of the pectoralis major muscle].

PMID- 3409358
TI  - [Competence of the general physician in the diagnosis and therapy of
      otorhinolaryngologic diseases].

PMID- 3409359
TI  - [Predictive value of tympanometry and impedance audiometry in children up to 3
      years of age].

PMID- 3409360
TI  - [Use of carbamazepine in the treatment and prevention of affective psychoses].

PMID- 3409361
TI  - [Use of evoked potentials in psychiatry. II. Visual evoked potentials in healthy
      persons before and after administration of haloperidol].

PMID- 3409362
TI  - [Determination of psychopharmaceuticals].

PMID- 3409364
TI  - [Present views on therapeutic castration of sexual offenders and our experience].

PMID- 3409363
TI  - [Study of the strength, homogeneity and consistency of the neuroleptic clozapine
      in a group of hospitalized schizophrenics].

PMID- 3409365
TI  - [A need for increased psychiatric intervention in social care facilities].

PMID- 3409366
TI  - [Psychiatric problems of arson in childhood].

PMID- 3409367
TI  - [Biologic and dynamic psychiatry].

PMID- 3409368
TI  - [The so-called atypical psychoses. III].

PMID- 3409370
TI  - Denied access: one group's response.

PMID- 3409369
TI  - [Prevention of periodic psychoses].

PMID- 3409371
TI  - Deinstitutionalization and care of the mentally ill.

PMID- 3409372
TI  - Health care for the homeless.

PMID- 3409373
TI  - Adsorption of monovalent cations on negatively charged liposomes evaluated from
      the spectral change of methylene blue.

PMID- 3409374
TI  - Synthesis of fluorine analogues of vitamin E.

PMID- 3409375
TI  - Gas chromatographic method for the determination of fluoride ion in biological
      samples. I. Fluoride level in monkey.

PMID- 3409376
TI  - Monoamine oxidase inhibitors from a fungus, Emericella navahoensis.

PMID- 3409377
TI  - Formation of cross-links and fluorescence in polylysine, soluble proteins and
      membrane proteins by reaction with 1-butanal.

PMID- 3409378
TI  - Acid urease from Lactobacillus of rat intestine.

PMID- 3409379
TI  - Study on the cupric phenanthroline-induced serotonin release in digitonin
      permeabilized platelets.

PMID- 3409380
TI  - Application of freezing point depression to drug interaction studies. I.
      Interaction between cyclodextrins and alcohols.

PMID- 3409381
TI  - Release of sodium diclofenac from vehicles prepared with hydrogenated soya
      lecithin and methyl palmitate.

PMID- 3409382
TI  - Anti-inflammatory activity of ointments of indomethacin and its calcium salt
      applied to abdominal skin of rat.

PMID- 3409383
TI  - The effect of temperature on diametral compression strength of delta
      phenylbutazone and barbital (form II) tablets.

PMID- 3409384
TI  - Studies on choleretic constituents in Artemisia capillaris THUNB.

PMID- 3409385
TI  - Novel phenoxyalkylamine derivatives. III. Quantitative structure-activity
      relationships of Ca2+-antagonistic alpha-alkyl-alpha-[(phenoxypropylamino)propyl]
      3,4,5-trimethoxy- benzeneacetonitrile derivatives.

PMID- 3409386
TI  - Growth-inhibitory effect of hexa-N-acetylchitohexaose and chitohexaose against
      Meth-A solid tumor.

PMID- 3409387
TI  - Gas chromatographic method for the determination of fluoride ion in biological
      samples. II. Stability of fluorine-containing drugs and compounds in human
      plasma.

PMID- 3409388
TI  - Antitumor activity and structural characterization of a (1----3)-beta-D-glucan
      extracted with cold alkali from sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum IFO 9395.

PMID- 3409390
TI  - Diethylhydrogensilyl-cyclic diethylsilylene derivatives in gas
      chromatography/mass spectrometry of hydroxylated steroids. V. Analysis of
      cortisol and 6 beta-hydroxycortisol in human urine.

PMID- 3409389
TI  - Procyanidins from the roots of Fragaria vesca: characterization and
      pharmacological approach.

PMID- 3409391
TI  - Blood pressure-lowering activity present in the fruit body of Grifola frondosa
      (maitake). I.

PMID- 3409393
TI  - Physiochemical properties and antitumor activities of carboxymethylated
      derivatives of glucan from Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.

PMID- 3409392
TI  - Examination of the active center of a (1----3)-beta-D-glucanase preparation,
      zymolyase.

PMID- 3409394
TI  - Zinc inhibition of respiratory burst in zymosan-stimulated neutrophils: a
      possible membrane action of zinc.

PMID- 3409395
TI  - A kinetic study on drug distribution: furosemide in rats.

PMID- 3409396
TI  - Highly sensitive immunoliposome assay of theophylline.

PMID- 3409397
TI  - Antioxidative effect of protoporphyrin on lipid peroxidation in rat liver
      subcellular fractions.

PMID- 3409398
TI  - Platelet anti-aggregant activity of 2,2-dimethylthiazolidine hydrochloride and 2
      (4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)thiazolidine.

PMID- 3409399
TI  - Studies on hypolipidemic agents. V. Influence of 5-tridecylpyrazole-3-carboxylic
      acid, a new hypolipidemic agent, on intestinal cholesterol absorption in rats.

PMID- 3409400
TI  - A convenient synthesis of 9-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)guanine (acyclovir) and
      related compounds.

PMID- 3409401
TI  - Metabolic pathway of 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose and 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-mannose in
      mice bearing sarcoma 180 studied by fluorin-19 nuclear magnetic resonance.

PMID- 3409402
TI  - Beta-naphthylamides of guanidinophenyl amino acids as substrates of
      aminopeptidases.

PMID- 3409404
TI  - Sodium deoxycholate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of lipopolysaccharides at
      low temperature.

PMID- 3409403
TI  - Enhancement of membrane permeability to a poorly absorbed drug by medium-chain
      glycerides: effect of medium-chain glycerides on the release of phenol red from
      egg phosphatidylcholine liposomes.

PMID- 3409405
TI  - A new versatile synthesis of cerulenin.

PMID- 3409406
TI  - Iodinated Joro toxin (JSTX-3). Its structure and binding to the lobster
      neuromuscular synapse.

PMID- 3409407
TI  - Synthesis of (+)-7-ethyl-5-methyl-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-ene, an optically
      active form of the house mouse pheromone.

PMID- 3409408
TI  - Characteristics of a Lorentzian to Gaussian transformation function as a
      weighting function in processing the two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance
      spectrum of a drug-phosphatidylcholine vesicles solution.

PMID- 3409409
TI  - Synthesis of imidazo[4,5-c][1,2,6]thiadiazine 2-oxides from hydrolytes of
      xanthines and determination of their vasodilating activity.

PMID- 3409410
TI  - Synthesis of 2'-epi-distichonic acid A, an iron-chelating amino acid derivative.

PMID- 3409411
TI  - Alkyl addition reaction of pyrimidine 2'-ketonucleosides: synthesis of 2'
      branched-chain sugar pyrimidine nucleosides (nucleosides and nucleotides. LXXXI.

PMID- 3409412
TI  - Studies on properties of immobilized urokinase.

PMID- 3409413
TI  - Synthesis and analgesic activity of cholecystokinin-heptapeptide analogs with N
      terminal substitution.

PMID- 3409414
TI  - In vitro effects of oxygenated lanosterol derivatives on cholesterol biosynthesis
      from 24,25-dihydrolanosterol.

PMID- 3409415
TI  - Specific inhibitors of tyrosine-specific protein kinase. I. Synthesis and
      inhibitory activities of alpha-cyanocinnamamides.

PMID- 3409416
TI  - Studies on chemical constituents of antitumor fraction from Periploca sepium. II.
      Structures of new pregnane glycosides, periplocosides A, B and C.

PMID- 3409417
TI  - Rapid characterization of natural and biotechnologically synthesized human growth
      hormones by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid
      chromatography.

PMID- 3409418
TI  - Preparation and properties of antisera against lithocholic acid linked to bovine
      serum albumin at the C-1 beta and C-6 positions.

PMID- 3409420
TI  - [Principal kinds of diseases and pests of medicinal plants in Yunnan, China].

PMID- 3409419
TI  - [Chromosomes of the seeds of Trigonellae (Trigonella foenumgraecum L.) and
      vaccariae Vaccaria segetalis (Neck.) Garcke].

PMID- 3409421
TI  - [Determination of nutrient constituents in various processed samples of Cynanchum
      auriculatum Royle ex Wight].

PMID- 3409422
TI  - [Changes in the amygdalin content of the seeds of Armeniacae amarum effected by
      decoction time].

PMID- 3409423
TI  - [Compressing of tablets of chengxiang lubailu pian].

PMID- 3409424
TI  - [Botanical origins of huangqi (Astragalus spp.) produced in Sichuan].

PMID- 3409425
TI  - [Chemical constituents of the root of Heracleum rapula Franch].

PMID- 3409426
TI  - [Anti-hepatitis component of Cotinus coggygria Scop].

PMID- 3409427
TI  - [High speed liquid chromatographic determination of gentiopicroside in radix
      Gentianae].

PMID- 3409428
TI  - [Effects of tortoise plastion and tortoise-shell on pathology of the thyroid,
      thymus, adrenal and spleen of hyperthyroidism-type yin-deficiency rats].

PMID- 3409430
TI  - [Clinical study of AIDS treated with traditional Chinese medicine].

PMID- 3409429
TI  - [Identification of Cordyceps (Fr.) Link from Guizhou].

PMID- 3409431
TI  - [Clinical effect of the treatment of myxedema with traditional Chinese medicine
      alone and traditional Chinese medicine supplemented by thyroid tablets].

PMID- 3409432
TI  - [Effect of acupuncture on diabetic cardiovascular autonomous neuropathy].

PMID- 3409433
TI  - [Therapeutic effect of traditional Chinese medicine on peripheral diabetic
      neuropathy].

PMID- 3409434
TI  - [Lymphocytic electrophoresis in patients with spleen-qi deficiency].

PMID- 3409435
TI  - [Nailfold microcirculation and treatment of schizophrenia patients with
      traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine].

PMID- 3409436
TI  - [Experimental effect of Rehmannia glutinosa on the pituitary and adrenal cortex
      in a glucocorticoid inhibition model using rabbits].

PMID- 3409437
TI  - Extended hydrogen-bonded structures of phosphatidylethanolamine.
AB  - The structure of phosphatidylethanolamine in pure dry hexane was studied.
      Viscosity measurements show that the hexane solution of PE has a very high
      viscosity, while freeze fracture electron microscopy revealed extensive fibre
      like structures. These extended structures are disrupted by the addition of small
      amounts of water or organic solvents which are capable of hydrogen-bonding. The
      Fourier transform infrared spectra of the lipid solutions in dry and hydrated
      hexane show considerable differences in the phosphate and ethanolamine absorption
      bands, and demonstrate that the viscous fibre-like structures formed by
      phosphatidylethanolamine in dry hexane consist of extended intermolecular
      hydrogen-bonds, similar to those found in the solid lipid, with the ammonium
      group as the hydrogen-donor and the phosphate group as the hydrogen-acceptor. The
      high viscosity is not observed in hexane solution of phosphatidylcholine.

PMID- 3409439
TI  - Nurses oppose AMA proposal for minimally trained RCT's.

PMID- 3409438
TI  - Substrate specificity of Staphylococcus aureus (TEN5) lipases with isomeric
      oleoyl-sn-glycerol ethers as substrates.
AB  - For the first time fully protected substrates with only one hydrolyzable ester
      bond have been used to analyze the substrate specificity of microbial lipases. In
      these substrates the ester is attached to the glycerol molecule in a precisely
      defined position. The use of three different substituents generates chirality and
      thus allows the analysis of positional specificities of individual lipases.
      Therefore, these new substrates have been used to study the enzymatic activities
      of two closely related lipases isolated from Staphylococcus aureus (TEN5)
      designated the 44 and 43 kDa lipase. The lipases, especially the 44 kDa molecule,
      show a high specificity for the hydrolysis of the ester in the sn-1 position (S
      configuration), which is hydrolyzed by a factor of ten faster than that in the sn
      3 position. In addition, the study demonstrates for the first time that the rate
      of hydrolysis of a fatty acid ester attached to the sn-2 position of glycerol by
      microbial lipases depends on the configuration of the substrate molecule.

PMID- 3409440
TI  - The role of comparative pharmacokinetics in the planning of human dose
      escalation: the experience with diacetyldianhydrogalactitol.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of diacetyldianhydrogalactitol (DADAG) was compared in mice,
      rats, and humans. The ratios of human therapeutic dose (ThD) to the LD10 were 8
      and 5 in mice and rats, respectively. The ratios of the corresponding AUCs of
      DADAG were 20 and 17, whereas those of dianhydrogalactitol (DAG), the main,
      active metabolite of DADAG, were 8 in both species. The lower human-to-rodent
      ratio for DAG was due to the fact that twice as much DAG was formed in the
      animals. Other factors contributing to the larger AUC in man were the 3-5 times
      smaller distribution volume found in humans as well as the lower hexitol
      sensitivity of human bone marrow cells. We conclude that in addition to the
      distance between the AUCs of the LD10 and of the human starting dose,
      interspecies pharmacokinetic differences should also be considered in planning
      the rate of dose escalation.

PMID- 3409441
TI  - Flavone acetic acid: a nonlinear pharmacokinetic model.
AB  - Flavone acetic acid pharmacokinetics were studied in 31 patients in a phase I
      clinical trial. The drug was given by i.v. infusions over 1, 1.5, 3, and 6 h at
      doses ranging from 0.5 to 6.4 g/m2. The pharmacokinetic parameters were
      determined according to a nonlinear model including Michaelis-Menten-type
      kinetics. The mean elimination half-life is 4.8 h and the mean volume of
      distribution of the central compartment, 7.61. Our model predicted a maximal
      tolerated dose (MTD) of 11.1 g/m2 on the basis of the "therapeutic window"
      concept, very close to the clinically observed MTD of 10 g/m2. This model is also
      operational when different protocols of inoculation are considered, such as a
      divided-dose schedule vs a unique infusion, and indicates that, at the MTD,
      injections should be made every 72 h to avoid drug accumulation.

PMID- 3409442
TI  - Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of the antitumor agent sulfamic acid 1,7
      heptanediyl ester (sulfamic acid diester) in the mouse and beagle dog.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics and metabolism of sulfamic acid diester were studied in the
      beagle dog and mouse. Elimination of sulfamic acid diester from the plasma and
      whole blood following i.v. administration at a dose of 193 mg/m2 was best
      approximated by a three-compartment model in both species. The compound was
      relatively rapidly cleared from the plasma, with a plasma beta half-life of 2.3 h
      and 0.9 h and a gamma half-life of 16 h and 3 h in the dog and the mouse,
      respectively. Sulfamic acid diester was taken up by blood cells and only slowly
      eliminated with a whole blood gamma half-life of 42 h in the dog and 32 h in the
      mouse. When sulfamic acid diester was infused i.v. to mice at 15 mg/kg over 8 h,
      the clearance for the parent drug was 13.2 ml/min kg from the plasma and 3.3
      ml/min kg from the whole blood. Urine collected from mouse and dog contained the
      parent drug and three metabolic/breakdown products, namely, sulfamic acid 1,7
      heptanemonoyl ester, sulfamic acid 3-hydroxyl-1,7-heptanediyl ester, and an
      unidentified product. Excretion of unchanged drug and products in mouse urine
      over 8 h accounted for less than 16% of the dose of sulfamic acid diester.
      Sulfamic acid diester did not react with glutathione in buffer, whole blood, or
      100,000 g rat liver cytosol.

PMID- 3409443
TI  - Variability of tumor response to chemotherapy. II. Contribution of tumor
      heterogeneity.
AB  - The role of tumor-to-tumor variability in response to chemotherapy was
      investigated in mice bearing mammary adenocarcinoma 16/C treated with melphalan.
      Lissamine green, a triphenylmethane dye, was given systemically to delineate
      areas of perfusion in the tumors. The regions of low perfusion ranged from less
      than 10% to greater than 90% of the mass of individual tumors. The variation in
      perfusion was as large between bilateral tumors in a mouse as between tumors in
      different hosts. The presence of viable cells capable of continued growth in the
      regions of low perfusion was demonstrated by bioassay. Concentrations of
      melphalan following i.p. administration varied by as much as tenfold or more
      between regions of low and high perfusion. Concentrations of melphalan in the
      well-perfused regions were similar to plasma concentrations at 30 min after
      administration, but elimination from the plasma was more rapid. The levels of
      melphalan in the tumor were higher following the initial dose than following
      succeeding doses in a multiple dose schedule. The results indicate that tumor-to
      tumor variations in perfusion and drug distribution are major factors in variable
      tumor response.

PMID- 3409444
TI  - The cytotoxicity of sarcosinamide chloroethylnitrosourea (SarCNU) and BCNU in
      primary gliomas and glioma cell lines: analysis of data in reference to
      theoretical peak plasma concentrations in man.
AB  - The cytotoxicity of a new compound, sarcosinamide chloroethylnitrosourea
      (SarCNU), was compared with that of the clinically available bis
      chloroethylnitrosourea (BCNU) in 13 primary human gliomas and in 3 human glioma
      cell lines using the Human Tumor Cloning Assay (HTCA). At concentrations less
      than or equal to 16 micrograms/ml, SarCNU reduced the growth to less than or
      equal to 30% of control in 11 of 13 primary gliomas. At similar concentrations,
      BCNU produced a comparable cytotoxic effect in 6 out of 13 specimens. At
      concentrations less than or equal to 16 micrograms/ml, BCNU reduced colony growth
      to less than or equal to 30% of control in all three glioma cell lines and SarCNU
      produced the same effect in only one glioma cell line. A recently described
      statistical model, which employs the LD50 dose of new agents in mice, was used to
      estimate the achievable peak plasma concentration (PPC) of SarCNU. The calculated
      PPC for SarCNU was found to be 14.8 micrograms/ml compared with 2 micrograms#ml
      for BCNU. A reevaluation of the cytotoxic activities of SarCNU and BCNU at
      concentrations approximating their respective PPCs revealed that SarCNU reduced
      the growth to less than or equal to 30% of control in one cell line at a
      concentration below its PPC. In contrast, BCNU exhibited similar toxicity in each
      cell line only at concentrations exceeding its PPC of 2 micrograms/ml. In the
      case of the primary gliomas, SarCNU was active (less than or equal to 30% of
      control) in ten tumors at concentrations less than or equal to 14.8
      micrograms/ml, whereas BCNU was active in only one glioma at a concentration less
      than or equal to 2 micrograms/ml. The results suggest that SarCNU should be more
      active than BCNU against human gliomas, provided that the statistical model used
      has correctly estimated the PPC of SarCNU.

PMID- 3409445
TI  - A new approach to the treatment of advanced high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma-
      intensive two-phase chemotherapy.
AB  - A total of 110 patients with high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) not
      previously treated by chemotherapy or by radiotherapy at more than one site of
      disease underwent a regimen comprising an intensive 6-week initial, induction
      phase using vincristine, adriamycin, methotrexate, and prednisolone (VAMP)
      followed by the non-cross-resistant combination cyclophosphamide, etoposide, and
      vindesine (EEE). The median age of patients was 54 years, the majority having
      stage IV disease. The median follow-up was 34 months and all patients have
      completed treatment. The overall complete remission (CR) rate for all patients
      was 68%. The initial phase of treatment produced a CR rate of 49%. The full
      regimen was completed by 87 patients, and of these, 66 (76%) achieved CR. Of
      those achieving CR, 72% were relapse-free, on an actuarial basis, at 2 years.
      Overall 2-year survival was 53%, with a median survival of 31 months. The
      survival of older patients and those with lymphoblastic histology was comparable
      to that of other groups. The survival prospects of patients with stage IV disease
      was not as good as that of other patients, with a significant trend to shorter
      survival in patients with more advanced disease. Toxicity was predictable and
      manageable for both phases of the regimen, although it was more severe for the
      initial phase. Dose-limiting toxicities were neutropenia and mucositis. This
      regimen is active in the treatment of advanced high-grade NHL with acceptable
      toxicity. These results have encouraged us to continue the study of weekly
      chemotherapy, which we will compare with standard cyclical chemotherapy in a
      prospective, randomized trial.

PMID- 3409447
TI  - The hepatotoxicity of 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) in
      rats. Ultrastructural evidence of a delayed microtubular toxicity.
AB  - A few cases of liver involvement have been reported in patients receiving
      treatment with the antineoplastic nitrosourea CCNU. A single oral dose of 20 or
      50 mg/kg CCNU in female Wistar rats induced an important increase in
      transaminases between day 2 and day 6, followed by a second, moderate increase
      between day 21 and day 28. Alkaline phosphatases and conjugated
      hyperbilirubinemia (threefold-increase) were noted for the two doses and were
      greater for the highest dose. Histological and ultrastructural studies disclosed
      hepatic lesions of two types: during the first phase of transaminase increase,
      inflammation of the portal tracts; during the second phase marked dilation of
      bile canaliculi and numerous filamentous bundles distributed at random throughout
      the liver cell cytoplasm like normal microtubules. Thus, CCNU induced
      pericholangitis and intrahepatic cholestasis with microtubular abnormalities. The
      long-term evolution of hepatic alterations revealed that in the 3rd month after a
      single oral dose of 20 mg/kg CCNU, lesions were persistent but stable; no
      reversibility was observed in the 3rd month after 50 mg/kg CCNU, and evolution
      towards cholangiolysis and biliary cirrhosis was noted. We suggest that CCNU
      causes a bimodal hepatotoxicity in rats: an early and prolonged ductal injury and
      a delayed anti-liver cell microtubule toxicity.

PMID- 3409446
TI  - Modulation of induced resistance to adriamycin in two human breast cancer cell
      lines with tamoxifen or perhexiline maleate.
AB  - The clinical utility of adriamycin in the treatment of patients with metastatic
      breast cancer is often-limited by the development of drug resistance. It has been
      recognized that in addition to the development of primary resistance against
      adriamycin, malignant cells can simultaneously develop cross-resistance to other
      agents. An adriamycin-resistant human breast cancer cell line (MCF 7Ad) was
      developed by exposing the parent line (MCF 7) to gradually increasing
      concentrations of adriamycin while the cells were being grown in monolayer. Using
      these lines in a clonogenic assay, the relative drug sensitivities to adriamycin,
      vinblastine, melphalan, 5-fluorouracil and methotrexate were studied. MCF 7Ad was
      12.5-fold more resistant to adriamycin than MCF 7 and 500-fold cross-resistant to
      vinblastine. There was no cross-resistance to melphalan, 5-fluorouracil or
      methotrexate. The resistance of MCF 7Ad was decreased by simultaneous exposure to
      tamoxifen (by a factor of 3.33) or perhexiline maleate (by a factor of 7.50).
      This decreased resistance was evidenced by a shift to the left of the sensitivity
      curves. However, there was no consistent change in the sensitivity curves of MCF
      7. At the selected concentration of tamoxifen and perhexiline maleate, the
      cloning efficiency of MCF 7 and MCF 7Ad was 80%-90% of control values in medium
      without tamoxifen, perhexiline maleate or cytotoxic drugs. The resistance of MCF
      7Ad to adriamycin was associated with a lower accumulation of [14C]adriamycin
      than exhibited by the sensitive MCF 7 line. There was no consistent change in
      [14C]adriamycin accumulation in MCF 7 or MCF 7Ad when tamoxifen was added, but
      when perhexiline maleate was added the [14C] accumulation increased. These
      results suggest that the tamoxifen-induced change in MCF 7Ad adriamycin
      resistance was not due to an increase in the amount of cell-associated
      adriamycin, but rather to some other mechanism that increased the cytotoxicity of
      the adriamycin.

PMID- 3409448
TI  - Estramustine phosphate (estracyt) following androgens in men with refractory
      stage D2 prostate cancer.
AB  - Twenty-two orchiectomized men with progressive stage D2 prostate cancer were
      treated with a 3-week cycle of estramustine phosphate (EMP: from day 3 to day 21)
      and androgen priming (from day 1 to day 4). A partial response according to the
      NPCP-USA criteria was shown in 4 of 20 evaluable patients. Median progression
      free survival of all patients was 24 weeks (range, 4-48) and median survival, 42
      weeks (range, 4-112). Although in two cases treatment had to be stopped due to a
      marked increase in bone pain, no life-threatening side effects were observed. The
      androgen sensitivity of tumors was supported by the occurrence of increase in
      prostatic phosphatase and in bone pain in most patients. In this group of
      patients, androgen priming did not seem to potentiate the effectiveness of EMP,
      our results being comparable to those previously reported using EMP alone.

PMID- 3409449
TI  - Hydrolysis of methotrexate-immunoglobulin conjugates by liver homogenates and
      characterization of catabolites.
AB  - Methotrexate (MTX) linked to antitumor antibodies inhibits tumor growth better
      than free MTX, free antibody, or MTX linked to normal rabbit IgG (NRG), in spite
      of the less effective inhibition of the target enzyme dihydrofolate reductase
      (DHFR) by conjugated MTX. In addition to the demonstrated higher uptake of MTX
      linked to antitumor antibodies (compared with the uptake of free MTX or
      nonspecific IgG conjugates), a contributory factor to the superior tumor
      inhibitory action of MTX-IgG conjugates may be the prolonged release of active
      drug from the internalized conjugate. Therefore, we have investigated whether an
      MTX-IgG conjugate could be hydrolyzed to release free MTX or fully active MTX
      containing fragments after incubation with liver homogenates and have
      characterized the catabolites according to the presence of free MTX and their
      capacity to inhibit DHFR. Catabolism was optimal at pH 4.6, activated by
      dithiothreitol, and inhibited by antipain and N-alpha-p-tosyl-L-lysine
      chloromethyl ketone, thus implicating lysosomal enzymes. Liver homogenates
      produced an MTX-containing, low-molecular-weight fraction that was isolated by
      gel filtration. Further purification of this fraction by DEAE-cellulose
      chromatography gave two MTX-containing peaks, neither of which migrated as free
      MTX on thin-layer chromatography or inhibited DHFR more effectively than the
      parent conjugate. However, the presence of amino acid residues in these
      catabolites could contribute to their observed prolonged intracellular retention
      and superior antitumor action.

PMID- 3409450
TI  - Potentiation of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum nephrotoxicity by amikacin in rats.
AB  - The nephrotoxic interaction between cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (CDDP) and
      amikacin (AMI) was studied in rats. Following a single dose of CDDP (5 mg/kg
      i.v.), AMI (60 mg/kg s.c.) was given for 14 days. When given alone CDDP caused a
      40% fall in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), whereas AMI alone had no effect
      on GFR. This nonnephrotoxic course of AMI potentiated the CDDP-induced fall in
      GFR. Only a limited recovery of renal function was observed during a 15-week
      follow-up period.

PMID- 3409451
TI  - Potentiation of anticoagulant effect of coumadin by 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine
      (BUDR)

PMID- 3409452
TI  - Distribution of the novel anticancer drug candidate Brequinar sodium (DuP 785,
      NSC 368390) into normal and tumor tissues of nude mice bearing human colon
      carcinoma xenografts.
AB  - The distribution of the novel anticancer drug candidate Brequinar Sodium (DuP
      785, NSC 368390) was studied in control mice and mice implanted subcutaneously
      with human colon carcinoma xenografts. Mice were given radiolabeled 14C-Brequinar
      Sodium intravenously. Brequinar concentrations in blood and various tissues were
      determined at 1, 6, and 24 h after drug administration. Within 1 h Brequinar
      distributed to the tumor and all other tissues studied. The tumor-to-blood drug
      concentration ratios ranged from 0.19 to 0.41. Radioactivity in the liver and
      small intestine at 1 h accounted for 17% and 13%, respectively, of the dose
      given. Elimination rates of Brequinar from all tissues were approximately equal
      to that from blood. Comparison of blood concentrations determined by both
      radioactivity and HPLC methods suggests that the intact drug is probably the only
      form in the blood.

PMID- 3409453
TI  - Antitumor effect of methylglyoxal bis(3-aminopropylamidinohydrazone), a new
      inhibitor of S-adenosylmethionine and ornithine decarboxylases, on human
      erythroid leukemia K562 cells.
AB  - Methylglyoxal bis(3-aminopropylamidinohydrazone (MGBA) inhibited S
      adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (AdoMetDC) activity competitively with S
      adenosylmethionine (AdoMet), showing a Ki value of 2.60 x 10(-5) M. It also
      inhibited ornithine decarboxylase competitively with ornithine, showing a Ki
      value of 3.80 x 10(-5) M. MGBA inhibited the growth of human erythroid leukemia
      K562 cells. Putrescine, spermidine, and spermine concentrations in MGBA-treated
      cells were depressed to 19%, 36%, and 66% of the values of control cells,
      respectively.

PMID- 3409454
TI  - The mechanism of action of quinocarmycin citrate (KW 2152) on mouse L1210 cells
      in vitro.
AB  - The effects of the antitumor antibiotic, quinocarmycin citrate (KW 2152), on
      L1210 cells were studied in vitro. The cellular growth was completely inhibited
      at 10(-6) M KW 2152, and after 2 days no viable cell was seen. The incorporation
      of 3H-thymidine, 3H-uridine, or 3H-leucine into the acid-insoluble fraction was
      not affected at 10(-4) M for 1 h; however, when the cells were treated with 10(
      6) M for 24 h, the radioactivity appearing in the acid-insoluble fraction was
      reduced to 20%, 30%, and 48%, respectively, of the control. The single strand
      scission of the DNA of L1210 cells was seen at 10(-7) M for 24 h, as revealed by
      an alkaline, sucrose density gradient. However, no damage to plasmid pBR322 was
      observed even at 10(-6) M KW 2152 for 24 h, as revealed by 0.8% agarose gel
      electrophoresis, indicating that some soluble factors of the cells might
      contribute to the damage to the DNA of L1210 cells. The processing of pre-rRNA of
      the cells was not inhibited at 10(-6) M of the drug for 24 h of incubation.

PMID- 3409455
TI  - Evaluation of 3-(p-fluorophenyl)-L-alanyl-3-[m-bis-(2-chloroethyl) aminophenyl]-L
      alanyl-L-methionine ethyl ester HCl (PTT.119) against xenografts of human
      rhabdomyosarcoma.
AB  - PTT.119 [p-F-phe-m-bis(2-chloroethyl)amino-L-phe-met ethoxy HCl], a synthetic
      tripeptide mustard, was evaluated for therapeutic efficacy against a spectrum of
      childhood rhabdomyosarcomas (RMS) maintained as xenografts in immune-deprived
      mice. These xenografts were established from previously untreated tumors, and
      sublines were selected in mice for resistance to L-phenylalanine mustard (L-PAM).
      PTT.119 caused regression of four of six RMS lines established from untreated
      tumors, and demonstrated activity similar to that of L-PAM in this model. Against
      tumors Rh18/L-PAM and Rh28/L-PAM, selected in situ for L-PAM resistance, PTT.119
      had no significant activity. Rh28/L-PAM was cross-resistant also to
      oxazophosphorine mustards (ifosfamide, cyclophosphamide), and both tumors were
      cross-resistant to adriamycin and vincristine. PTT.119 caused hematologic
      toxicity similar to that of L-PAM, characterized by a marked decrease in white
      blood cells and thrombocytopenia.

PMID- 3409456
TI  - Organ distribution and tumor uptake of liposome entrapped cis-bis-neodecanoato
      trans-R, R-1,2 diaminocyclohexane platinum (II) administered intravenously and
      into the proper hepatic artery.
AB  - Blood and tissue levels of elemental platinum (Pt) were measured after the
      administration of a liposomally entrapped cisplatin analogue, cis-bis
      neodecanoato-trans-R,R-1,2-diaminocyclohexane platinum (II) (L-NDDP). In mice
      bearing subcutaneous B16 melanoma tumors, Pt tumor levels were not significantly
      different in animals treated i.v. with an equimolar dose of L-NDDP or cisplatin.
      In rabbits bearing liver tumors of VX2 carcinoma, i.v. administration of L-NDDP
      resulted in 2- to 20-fold higher Pt levels in all tissues (including VX2 tumors)
      except the brain and peripheral nerve than in animals treated with an equimolar
      dose of cisplatin. Compared with i.v. administration, inoculation of either drug
      into the proper hepatic artery resulted in a severalfold increase of Pt levels in
      the VX2 tumors. Blood and other tissue levels were not substantially changed by
      intraarterial (i.a.) administration. These studies show that (1) multilamellar
      lipid vesicles can adequately deliver a lipophilic cisplatin analogue (NDDP) to
      nonphagocytic tumors when administered i.v. and (2) the inoculation of L-NDDP
      into the proper hepatic artery results in higher Pt tumor levels than with i.v.
      administration but does not decrease the systemic distribution of the drug.

PMID- 3409457
TI  - The clinical pharmacokinetics of N-5-dimethyl-9-[(2-methoxy-4-methyl
      sulfonylamino)phenylamino]-4 -acridinecarboxamide (CI-921) in a phase 1 trial.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of CI-921 were studied after 65 infusions over a 20-fold
      dose range (13-270 mg/m2 per day) in 16 patients during a phase 1 trial. CI-921
      was given by a 15 min infusion on three consecutive days. Plasma samples were
      collected after the first and third infusions, and urine, at 6 h intervals
      throughout the 3 days. CI-921 concentrations were measured by an HPLC method.
      Maximum plasma concentrations ranged from 3-86 mumol/l. The plasma concentration
      time disposition curves were mainly biphasic over the 24-h postinfusion period.
      There was no significant difference by the paired t-test between the Cmax, AUC,
      CL, Vss, MRT, t1/2 alpha, or t1/2 beta calculated for the first and third
      infusions. The means (range) of model-independent pharmacokinetic parameters
      were: CL, 158 (94-290) ml/h per kg; Vss, 319 (219-614) ml/kg; MRT, 2.1 (1.1-3.5)
      h; t1/2 alpha, 0.5 (0.2-1.1) h; and t1/2 beta, 2.6 (1.1-5.0) h. There was a
      strong linear correlation between the dose and the AUC and Cmax, suggesting
      linear kinetics over this dose range. A very small amount (less than 1%) of the
      total dose was excreted as unchanged CI-921 in the urine, mostly in the 12-h
      postinfusion period.

PMID- 3409458
TI  - Cardiopulmonary hemodynamics and pharmacokinetics after hepatic intraarterial
      infusion of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). An experimental study in the pig.
AB  - Reported 5-FU-induced cardiac side effects may be explained by drug-induced
      hemodynamic changes and/or by direct myocardial toxicity due to regional drug
      uptake. This question was studied in 11 animals given constant infusions and 6
      animals given bolus 5-FU infusions into the hepatic artery. Six animals, which
      received normal saline infusion, served as controls. A second aim was to study
      possible pulmonary drug clearance. Aortic, pulmonary arterial, and coronary sinus
      plasma 5-FU concentrations were determined during constant and after the bolus
      infusions of 5-FU. The V5 ECG, aortic, pulmonary arterial, and right atrial
      pressures were recorded continuously, and cardiac output and coronary sinus blood
      flow were recorded intermittently in all animals. No significant alterations in
      hemodynamic variables were seen during constant infusion. After the bolus
      infusion, an increased arterio-mixed venous oxygen content difference was
      recorded. Pharmacokinetic data after 3-min infusions indicated pulmonary drug
      uptake and release; during constant infusions, the data indicated myocardial drug
      uptake. As there were no alterations in myocardial oxygen demand or supply or in
      systemic hemodynamics during this myocardial drug uptake, it is likely that the
      cardiotoxicity is related to the direct effects of the drug on cardiac myocytes.

PMID- 3409459
TI  - Uptake and metabolism of beta-carotene and retinal by C3H/10T1/2 cells.
AB  - Both beta-carotene (beta-C), a vitamin A precursor, and vitamin A itself have
      been shown to reversibly inhibit neoplastic transformation in 10T1/2 cells during
      the progression phase of carcinogenesis. In order to determine whether the
      activity of beta-C in these cells may be attributed to conversion to vitamin A or
      is intrinsic to the carotenoid molecule, the uptake and metabolism of beta-C, and
      of retinal, the immediate product of dioxygenase-cleavage of beta-C, was studied
      in 10T1/2 cells. Cellular uptake of 2.6 nmol/10(6) cells occurred 24 h after
      treatment with 10(-5) M beta-C. Thereafter, cell levels remained relatively
      stable between 1 and 2 nmol/10(6) cells over the 1-week treatment period. Upon
      removal of beta-C from the medium, cellular levels decreased by approximately 80%
      in 2 weeks, then stabilized. Retinal was rapidly and quantitatively converted to
      retinol by 10T1/2 cells, suggesting that the inhibitory action of retinal on
      neoplastic transformation in these cells is due to its conversion to retinol, and
      that any enzymatic conversion of beta-C to retinal by these cells would be
      expected to result in retinol as the end product. Using [14C]beta-C, we found no
      evidence for formation of [14C]retinol, [14C]retinal or [14C]retinoic acid using
      sensitive HPLC. We therefore conclude that beta-C has intrinsic chemopreventive
      activity in 10T1/2 cells, perhaps due to its anti-oxidant properties.

PMID- 3409460
TI  - A theoretical study of the effect of methylation or ethylation at O6-guanine in
      the structure and energy of DNA double strands.
AB  - Quantum and molecular mechanical calculations were employed to examine the effect
      on binding energies and structure of methylation and ethylation at O6-guanine in
      double-stranded DNA. Ab initio quantum chemical calculations (STO-3G, 3-21G) were
      initially used to pseudo-optimize the structure of the 9-methyl derivative of O6
      methylguanine. The distal orientation for the O6-methyl group was found to be
      lower in energy than the proximal orientation. The geometry determined for the
      distal O6-methyl group was in agreement with recent X-ray work. These results
      were used in supplementary parameterization of the AMBER molecular mechanics
      force field necessary for the minimization of DNA double strands containing O6
      methylguanosine. Resulting calculations with AMBER on two 5-mer DNA sequences
      containing the promutagenic G(GM)A subsequence showed that the proximal
      orientation, while higher in energy in the isolated molecule, is both less
      disruptive to the DNA double helix and more stable than the distal orientation.
      Binding energies and degree of destabilization upon methylation were found to be
      functions of the adjacent bases around a GGA subsequence. Sequence-dependent
      destabilization could play a role in the repair of alkylated bases. Quantum and
      molecular mechanics calculations indicate that the O6-methyl and O6-ethylguanines
      behave energetically in a very similar manner. These calculations suggest that
      the necessity for the different repair mechanisms for methylation and ethylation
      lesions cannot be simply explained by energy differences or observed structural
      differences.

PMID- 3409461
TI  - DNA transfection of a gene repressing aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase induction.
AB  - High mol. wt genomic DNA from a genetically dominant aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase
      (AHH)-deficient mutant cell line derived from the mouse hepatoma cell line Hepa-1
      was used to transfect the parent cell line. AHH-deficient transfectants were
      recovered following single-step selection in medium containing the carcinogen
      benzo[a]pyrene. The transfectants arose at a frequency of 2 x 10(-7). This
      frequency was at least 4-fold greater than the frequency of spontaneous forward
      mutation in this cell line. In another set of experiments, dominant mutant DNA
      was co-transfected along with the selectable plasmid pSV2ecogpt into parental
      Hepa-1 cells. The frequency of co-transfection was determined to be 3 x 10(-8).
      This frequency was approximately 150 times greater than that expected on the
      basis of coincident but unrelated spontaneous mutation and plasmid uptake. Both
      types of transfectants were judged, following somatic cell hybridizations, to
      possess the dominant phenotype of the mutant cell line, demonstrating that a
      trans-acting dominant negative regulator of AHH was transferred in these
      experiments. DNA transfection should therefore provide a means for the molecular
      cloning of the gene that encodes the dominant regulator.

PMID- 3409462
TI  - The contribution of O6-methylguanine and methylphosphotriesters to the
      cytotoxicity of alkylating agents in mammalian cells.
AB  - A modified Escherichia coli ada+ gene which encodes methyltransferase active on
      O6-methylguanine, but not methylphosphotriester residues in DNA has been
      introduced by transfection into Chinese hamster ovary cells. Expression of the
      altered Ada protein in these cells conferred resistance to methylating agents.
      However, in two independently derived cell lines, the relation between enzyme
      activity and the degree of protection was not quantitative. The molecular nature
      of the Ada protein fragment produced differed between the two cell lines. In
      addition, cell lines exhibiting increased resistance to N-methyl-N'-nitro-N
      nitrosoguanidine have been derived from a cell line expressing the Ada protein
      methylphosphotriester repair function. The resistant cell lines expressed
      elevated levels of methylphosphotriester repair protein. However, this enhanced
      DNA repair activity was not responsible for the observed resistance.

PMID- 3409463
TI  - Identification of multiple regulatory elements on the human cytochrome P450IA1
      gene.
AB  - To examine the transcriptional regulation of the human cytochrome P450IA1 gene, a
      3574 bp fragment containing 1140 bp of 5' flanking sequences, exon 1 (leader
      information only), intron 1, and the leader sequences from exon 2, was cloned
      upstream of the reporter gene, chloramphenicol acetyltransferase, and used to
      transfect the human hepatoma cell line, HepG2. In transient expression assays,
      treatment of the transfected cells with 3-methylcholanthrene, benzo[a]pyrene or
      2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran was shown to induce the expression of
      chloramphenicol acetyltransferase 10-fold. Previous studies by other
      investigators have identified a xenobiotic responsive element at greater than 800
      bp 5' to the cap site in the mouse and rat cytochrome P450IA1 gene. In the
      current report, deletion of sequences from the 5' side of the P450IA1 fragment,
      as well as internal deletions, were used to identify at least three additional
      regulatory elements. A second positive, 3-methylcholanthrene responsive element
      was localized to sequences between -49 and -560 in addition to confirming the
      location of a similar element between -831 and -1140. These elements flank a
      potent negative regulatory element that has been conserved between the rat, mouse
      and human P450IA1 genes and also exhibits significant sequence identity with one
      of the negative control elements of the human c-Ha-ras1 proto-oncogene. Deletion
      of the negative control element clearly demonstrated that the fragments
      containing xenobiotic responsive elements also possess positive, constitutive
      control activity. A fourth element located within intron 1 was shown to
      potentiate the activity of 3-methylcholanthrene when the cells were treated
      simultaneously with the glucocorticoid agonist, dexamethasone.

PMID- 3409464
TI  - Differential tumorigenicity of 2(3)-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole in the
      forestomach of Lakeview and Misaki Syrian golden hamsters.
AB  - The phenolic oxidant 2(3)-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (BHA), has been found to
      induce carcinogenic response in the forestomach of Syrian golden hamsters and
      other rodent species. In this study, the differential effects of BHA was
      determined in the forestomach of Syrian golden hamsters from different sources.
      Lakeview (LVG) Syrian golden hamsters were fed diets containing 2% BHA
      incorporating into semipurified, Purina and Oriental M diets for 30 weeks. No
      papilloma or severe hyperplasia was found in any of the experimental or control
      groups. A significant increase in the number of hamsters having mild
      hyperkeratosis and mild hyperplasia was found in the semipurified-BHA group. In
      contrast, greater than 82 and 90% of the Misaki hamsters developed moderate to
      severe hyperplasia, and 64 and 80% had papilloma in the forestomach of the 1 and
      2% BHA groups respectively. The control group had one animal with moderate
      hyperplasia that was confined to the limiting ridge. The obvious difference in
      the appearance of the two strains of hamsters is their body weight. The Misaki
      hamsters were 20-30% heavier than the LVG hamsters from the beginning and toward
      the end of the experiment. These results showed that the diet alone was not the
      reason for the failure of BHA to induce forestomach papilloma in the LVG
      hamsters. A much longer latent period may be required for the LVG hamsters to
      develop neoplastic lesions in the forestomach. The high sensitivity of the Misaki
      hamsters provides a valuable tool to study weak nongenotoxic carcinogens.

PMID- 3409465
TI  - Glutathione S-transferase isoenzymes and glutathione peroxidase activity in
      normal and tumour samples from human lung.
AB  - An increasing body of evidence suggests that glutathione-dependent enzymes are an
      important factor in determining the sensitivity of tumours to cytotoxic drugs.
      Ten randomized normal and tumour samples from individuals with lung cancer were
      analysed for glutathione S-transferase isoenzyme (GST) content and glutathione
      peroxidase (Gpx) activity. The normal tissue samples exhibited a 5.1- and 7.0
      fold variation in GST and Gpx activity respectively. High levels of the pi class,
      acidic Yf, GST subunit were found in all the samples, with little variation
      between individuals. The concentration of alpha and mu class subunits was 5- to
      10-fold lower and were subject to significant individual variability. The mu
      class subunit identified had a faster mobility on SDS-PAGE than the hepatic GST
      mu standard and did not appear subject to the genetic polymorphism associated
      with certain members of this gene family. This suggests the presence of a novel
      pulmonary protein which may correspond to the rat Yn Yn protein. The normal to
      tumour ratio for GST activity varied significantly between the samples and tended
      to follow the relative expression of the mu class subunit, and to a lesser extent
      the alpha class GST subunit. The pi subunit was present in the normal and tumour
      cells in very similar concentration. The expression of the mu class GST appeared
      to follow the differences in GST enzymic activity and although the numbers were
      small appeared to segregate according to tumour type. Gpx activity was also
      elevated in certain tumours. Of particular interest were the two adenocarcinomas
      which had a 20- to 30-fold higher tumour Gpx activity.

PMID- 3409466
TI  - Binding of deferoxamine to asbestos fibers in vitro and in vivo.
AB  - We studied the binding of tritium-labeled deferoxamine, a strong iron chelator,
      to crocidolite asbestos fibers in vitro and in vivo. In aqueous suspension of
      asbestos, deferoxamine binding was rapid and strong, suggesting specific binding
      to iron. For the in vivo experiments, diffusion chambers containing native
      asbestos fibers or deferoxamine-washed asbestos were implanted in the peritoneal
      cavities of mice. Five days after parenteral injection of tritiated deferoxamine
      chambers were removed and the asbestos counted. More than twice as much label
      (2206 +/- 348 c.p.m./100 mg asbestos) was bound to the native asbestos as
      compared to the deferoxamine-washed asbestos (1080 +/- 201 c.p.m./100 mg
      asbestos), suggesting specific binding in vivo. Since deferoxamine can inhibit
      asbestos toxicity in vitro, these experiments suggest the feasibility of testing
      whether deferoxamine can prevent asbestos-related disease in vivo.

PMID- 3409467
TI  - A species comparison of acute hyperplasia induced by the peroxisome proliferator
      methylclofenapate: involvement of the binucleated hepatocyte.
AB  - The acute hyperplastic response induced by methylclofenapate (MCP) was studied in
      several rodent species with different responsiveness to the hypertrophic and
      hyperplastic effects caused by this chemical. The species, in descending order of
      responsiveness, were: mouse, rat, hamster and guinea-pig, the latter species
      being non-responsive. Animals were dosed at daily intervals with MCP (25, 12 or 5
      mg/kg by gavage) and killed at intervals from 12 h to 240 h. The parameters of
      ploidy, nuclearity and DNA synthesis were examined in isolated hepatocytes. The
      hyperplastic response elicited by MCP in rodent livers as detected by the
      occurrence of S-phase cells, was almost exclusively confined to the 2 x 2N
      (binucleated) hepatocyte population. At the same time the proportion of 2 x 2N
      cells was reduced in a time and dose-dependent manner, while the fraction of 4N
      cells increased. These observations indicate that the 2 x 2N cells responding to
      MCP undergo S-phase followed by amitotic cytokinesis to form 4N cells. The
      response in rats, mice and hamsters was quantitatively different but
      qualitatively similar, while the guinea-pig was non-responsive. In a given
      responsive species the areas under the curves are similar for different doses,
      indicating that the size of the responsive population is limited. The data also
      indicate that although the response in the mouse was greater than in the rat,
      because the total number of responsive 2 x 2N cells is larger, the percentage of
      responsive 2 x 2N cells is higher in the rat than in the mouse. The ploidy
      analysis reveals that there is no detectable change in the ratio of (4N + 2 x
      2N):2N hepatocytes, but only 1-2% change would be expected, despite the number of
      4N cells produced, due to the increase in total cell number.

PMID- 3409468
TI  - Identification of alkylation products of styrene oxide in single- and double
      stranded DNA.
AB  - Radioactive styrene oxide was reacted with double- and single-stranded DNA and
      the binding products were characterized by HPLC after neutral hydrolysis and
      enzyme digestion of DNA. More products were formed in single-stranded DNA as
      compared with double-stranded DNA. In single-stranded DNA at least 95% of the
      adducts were guanine N-7-,N2- and O6-alkylation products; they were formed in
      proportions 54:33:12. In double-stranded DNA the respective proportion was
      74:23:3.7, indicating a selective suppression of alkylation at atoms N2 and,
      particularly, O6 that take part in hydrogen bonding in double-stranded DNA. The
      alpha- and beta-isomers of 7-alkylguanine were formed in a similar proportion in
      single- and double-stranded DNA, indicating no steric hindrance.

PMID- 3409469
TI  - Effects of fluocinolone acetonide on mouse skin sterol metabolism and two-stage
      carcinogenesis.
AB  - Fluocinolone acetonide (FA) is one of the most potent synthetic glucocorticoids
      and is known to possess an anti-tumor promoting activity. An attempt was made to
      evaluate this activity by estimating tumor promoting activity. Unexpectedly, when
      10 micrograms of FA was applied alone or after a single application of a
      subcarcinogenic dose of 3-methylcholanthrene to mouse skin, results suggested
      that FA itself may be a tumor promoter or a complete carcinogen. Other
      glucocorticoids tested, e.g. dexamethasone, hydrocortisone and prednisolone, also
      revealed similar effects but were less potent than FA. To verify the possibility
      that glucocorticoid is a complete carcinogen or a tumor promoter, a tumor
      incidence experiment was performed for 24 weeks. As a result it was found that FA
      possesses a tumor promoting activity at some dose levels but no tumor initiating
      activity.

PMID- 3409471
TI  - Synthesis and biological activity of some further cyclopenta[a]phenanthrenes.
AB  - 16,17-Dihydro-11-methoxy-15H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene was synthesized by two
      different routes and tested for carcinogenicity in Tylers Original (TO) and
      SENCAR strain of mice by repeated application and initiation/promotion regime.
      16,17-Dihydro-11-hydroxy-15H-cyclopenta[alpha]phenanthrene was also tested for
      carcinogenicity in the TO strain by repeated application. Surprisingly with both
      of these compounds, which lack conjugation in ring D, one of the ingredients
      essential for biological activity appears to be carcinogenic. It is tempting to
      speculate whether these compounds undergo metabolic oxidation in the skin at the
      benzylic C-17 position.

PMID- 3409470
TI  - DNA and hemoglobin alkylation by 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone
      and its major metabolite 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol in F344
      rats.
AB  - Alkylation of DNA and hemoglobin was compared in male F344 rats given a single
      s.c. injection of the tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3
      pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), or its major metabolite formed by carbonyl reduction,
      4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL). In hepatic DNA, levels of 7
      methylguanine and O6-methylguanine formed from NNK 1-48 h after treatment were
      similar to those formed from NNAL. In nasal mucosa and lung DNA, levels of 7
      methylguanine and O6-methylguanine were somewhat higher after treatment with NNK
      than with NNAL. Acid hydrolysis of hepatic DNA, isolated from rats treated with
      either [5-3H]NNK or [5-3H]NNAL, gave 180 +/- 48 or 120 +/- 23 mumol/mol guanine,
      respectively, of 4-hydroxy-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone. Basic hydrolysis of globin
      isolated from rats treated with either [5-3H]NNK or [5-3H]NNAL gave 4.1 +/- 0.7
      or 2.0 +/- 0.1 pmol/mg, respectively of 4-hydroxy-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone. These
      results indicate that NNAL is not a detoxification product of NNK, since
      treatment of rats with NNAL results in modifications of DNA which are
      qualitatively and quantitatively similar to those observed upon treatment with
      NNK. Alkylation of DNA and globin by NNAL may result mainly from its metabolic
      reconversion to NNK.

PMID- 3409472
TI  - Carcinogenicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in the Syrian golden
      hamster.
AB  - The carcinogenic potential of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) was
      examined in Syrian golden hamsters, at different dose levels. Twenty-one percent
      of the hamsters that received a total of 600 micrograms/kg body weight of TCDD
      either by the s.c. or i.p. route developed squamous cell carcinomas of the skin
      of facial region within 12-13 months from the beginning of the experiment.
      Neoplasms were not observed in any other organs. These studies suggest that TCDD
      may be a complete carcinogen in hamsters, the species most resistant to the toxic
      effect of this compound.

PMID- 3409473
TI  - Glutathione S-transferase isoenzymes in human lung tumors.
AB  - In the present studies we have compared the levels of glutathione (GSH) and GSH
      related enzymes in lung tumors and corresponding normal tissues obtained from the
      same individuals. We have also immunologically quantitated the relative amounts
      of glutathione S-transferase pi (or GST-P) type antigen in tumors and adjacent
      normal tissues from five patients. GST activities towards 1-chloro-2,4
      dinitrobenzene (CDNB) and ethacrynic acid were found to be elevated in tumors
      from two out of five patients (patients #1 and 4), whereas the activity towards
      these substrates was markedly suppressed in the tumor tissue from one of the
      patients (#5). Immunotitration and Western blot studies using antibodies raised
      against pi-type GST isoenzymes of human lung and placenta indicated induction of
      GST pi-type isoenzyme in tumors from patients #1 and 4 and suppression of this
      isoenzyme in tumor from patient #5. The tumors from patients #2 and 3 did not
      show any increase in GST activity or GST pi-type antigen. Except for the tumor
      from patient #5, the GSH content was higher in the tumors from other patients.
      GSH reductase activity was found to be elevated in tumors of all the patients
      examined in this study. These results indicate that GSH and GSH related enzymes
      are differentially altered in lung tumors and GSH levels and GST pi- or GST-P
      type isoenzyme(s) are not uniformly elevated in all tumors.

PMID- 3409474
TI  - 32P-adduct assay: comparative recoveries of structurally diverse DNA adducts in
      the various enhancement procedures.
AB  - A 32P-adduct assay for the measurement of low levels (1 adduct per 10(7)
      nucleotides) of binding of carcinogens to DNA has been reported previously. In
      this procedure, DNA is enzymatically hydrolyzed to 3'-monophosphates of normal
      nucleosides and adducts, which are 5'-32P-labeled by T4 polynucleotide kinase and
      [gamma-32P]ATP. Labeled adducts are resolved by TLC. Enrichment of adducts by
      extraction in 1-butanol [Gupta, R.C. (1985) Cancer Res., 45, 5656] or digestion
      with nuclease P1 [Reddy, M.V. and Randerath, K. (1986) Carcinogenesis, 7, 1543]
      prior to 32P-labeling, however, increased the sensitivity of detection for many
      adducts to a level of 1 per 10(9-10) nucleotides, although adduct recovery
      particularly in the latter assay depended on the chemical nature of adducts. We
      have now compared recoveries for greater than 70, different carcinogen-DNA
      adducts of known and unknown chemical nature in the two enrichment procedures as
      well as in a new procedure in which polynucleotide kinase is substituted for
      nuclease P1. When compared with the butanol extraction procedure, arylamines
      (such as 2-aminofluorene, 2-aminophenanthrene, 2-naphthylamine, 4-aminobiphenyl,
      4-azoaminobenzene and N'-acetylbenzidine) bound to the C8 position of guanine
      were lost almost completely (0.2-4% recovery) in the nuclease P1-mediated assay,
      but the presence of a polar group in the aromatic amine moiety (such as 2
      acetylaminofluorene, 2-acetylamino-phenanthrene and methyl-4-azoaminophenyl)
      rendered similar recovery. In contrast, aromatic amines (2-amino-phenanthrene, 2
      acetylaminophenanthrene, 2-acetylaminofluorene and methyl-4-azoaminobenzene) and
      polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (benzo[a]pyrene, bromomethylbenzanthracene and
      benzanthracene) bound to the exocyclic positions of guanine or adenine showed
      extensive or as complete recovery in the nuclease P1 procedure as in the
      extraction procedure. Some of the unknown presumably polar adducts showed a lower
      recovery (30-70%) in the butanol procedure as compared to the nuclease P1
      enrichment. The recovery pattern of most adducts examined in the polynucleotide
      kinase-enrichment assay was essentially the same as found in nuclease P1-mediated
      assay, except that overall lower values were obtained. Our data suggest that a
      given DNA sample should be analyzed by different versions of the 32P-adduct
      assay, particularly, DNA of specimens of humans exposed to low levels of unknown
      carcinogens. The observation that chemical structure of an adduct may be
      detrimental in its recovery in the enzyme- and extraction-mediated enrichment
      procedures may serve as a probe in the structural characterization of adducts of
      unknown carcinogens.

PMID- 3409476
TI  - Increased numbers of N-nitrosodimethylamine-initiated lung tumors in mice by
      chronic co-administration of ethanol.
AB  - Young male strain A mice received 0.5, 1.0 or 5.0 p.p.m. N-nitrosodimethylamine
      (NDMA) in their drinking water with or without 10 or 20% ethanol. NDMA caused
      primary tumors of the lung in a dose-dependent manner; these were enumerated
      after 16 weeks. At the two lower NDMA doses, the ethanol caused a 1.5- to 3-fold
      increase in the number of lung tumor bearers and a 2-3.5 increase in lung tumor
      multiplicity. With 5 p.p.m. NDMA concomitant exposure to 10% ethanol resulted in
      a 2-3.5 increase in multiplicity. In a test for a possible tumor-promoting effect
      of the ethanol, mice were given 5 p.p.m. NDMA for 4 weeks, followed by ethanol
      for 12 weeks. There was an insignificant 30% increase in numbers of tumors. By
      contrast, mice that had received 10% ethanol along with NDMA during the initial 4
      weeks experienced a 2.5-fold increase in incidence and 6-fold increase in
      multiplicity of lung tumors at 16 weeks. Thus, ethanol given simultaneously with
      chronic oral NDMA greatly enhances tumorigenesis in the lung, by a mechanism
      probably related to competitive inhibition of NDMA metabolism in the liver and
      not attributable to promotion of these tumors.

PMID- 3409475
TI  - A continuum of transformed phenotypes in C3H/10T1/2 derivatives.
AB  - Two-stage transformants have been isolated from C3H/10T1/2 cells exposed to UV
      irradiation followed by treatment with TPA. These UV-TDTx cells form foci in co
      culture with C3H/10T1/2 cells only in the presence of TPA. In the absence of TPA,
      UV-TDTx cells are indistinguishable from control C3H/10T1/2 cells in co-cultures.
      Single-step transformants of C3H/10T1/2 cells isolated after exposure to high
      doses of chemical carcinogens, however, show TPA-independent focus formation in
      co-culture with C3H/10T1/2 cells. We now show that three independently isolated
      two-stage UV + TPA transformants as well as a single-step, high dose
      methylcholanthrene (MCA) transformant (MCATx1e) isolated in our laboratory are
      anchorage-dependent and non-tumorigenic. In contrast, another single-step, high
      dose MCA transformant (MCACl#16/39) known to contain an activated c-Ki-ras gene
      shows TPA-independent focus formation in mixed culture with C3H/10T1/2 cells,
      anchorage independence and tumorigenicity. Analysis of UV-TDTx:C3H/10T1/2 and
      MCACl#16/39:C3H/10T1/2 somatic cell hybrids indicates that a similar percentage
      of hybrids of each cell type are able to form foci in co-culture with C3H/10T1/2
      cells. However, focus-forming UV-TDTx:C3H/10T1/2 hybrids remain dependent on TPA
      for focus formation in mixed culture.

PMID- 3409477
TI  - Monoiodotyrosine formation during thyroglobulin processing in Golgi vesicles.
AB  - A golgi-enriched subfraction was obtained from porcine thyroid glands by
      differential centrifugation. When incubated in a suitable medium, these vesicles
      were able to concentrate iodide from the medium and bind it to protein. The
      iodination process was inhibited by methylmercapto-imidazole and was increased by
      the addition of an H2O2 generating system to the medium. Analysis of the protein
      content of the vesicles revealed the presence of 18 and 12-13 S thyroglobulin
      molecules, lacking mannose residues, and containing only monoiodotyrosine. It is
      concluded that in vitro, iodination can begin before exocytosis, in the smooth
      surfaced vesicles derived from the golgi apparatus, as soon as N
      acetylglucosamine is incorporated onto the pre-thyroglobulin molecule.

PMID- 3409479
TI  - Inhibition of monocyte luminol-dependent chemiluminescence by
      tetrahydrobiopterin, and the free radical oxidation of tetrahydrobiopterin,
      dihydrobiopterin and dihydroneopterin.
AB  - Luminol-dependent chemiluminescence of normal human monocytes activated by
      zymosan is demonstrated to be inhibited by tetrahydrobiopterin in a concentration
      dependent manner. The reduced pterins tetrahydrobiopterin, dihydrobiopterin, and
      dihydroneopterin are all shown to be readily oxidized by the hydroxyl radical.
      The susceptibility of reduced pterins to free radical attack may explain the
      inhibition of chemiluminescence observed and an additional role of reduced
      pterins as free radical scavengers in tissues is considered.

PMID- 3409478
TI  - Effect of phenylhydrazine on red blood cell metabolism.
AB  - In addition to the well known effect of phenylhydrazine on red blood cells
      (methaemoglobin and Heinz body formation, autologous IgG binding, lipid
      peroxidation, etc.) an increased glucose utilization was observed. Measurement of
      14CO2 formation from [1-14C]-glucose showed a maximum value at 2mM
      phenylhydrazine followed by a progressive inhibition on increasing the drug
      concentration to 16 mM. Concomitantly we found a reduction in the reduced
      glutathione concentration but not a corresponding increase in the level of
      oxidized glutathione. Phenylhydrazine also causes ATP depletion. The ATP is in
      part dephosphorylated to ADP and AMP and in part converted to inosine
      monophosphate and hypoxanthine. Measurement of the cell content of reduced and
      oxidized pyridine nucleotides was also performed and showed a progressive
      increase in the reduced forms of these coenzymes. Thus phenylhydrazine promotes
      cellular ATP depletion followed by adenine nucleotide catabolism that is not
      efficiently counteracted by an increase in glucose utilization. The relevance of
      these data to the mechanism of phenylhydrazine-induced anemia is discussed.

PMID- 3409481
TI  - The effect of a native collagen gel substratum on the synthesis of collagen by
      bovine brain capillary endothelial cells.
AB  - Cultured capillary endothelial cells, derived from bovine brain, and maintained
      on a plastic substratum synthesized predominantly interstitial collagens of which
      approximately 75 per cent were secreted into the medium. When grown on a native
      hydrated collagen type I gel, although no marked alteration in the 'collagen
      synthetic pattern' was observed, the overall level of collagen synthesis was
      increased by approximately 100 per cent. More dramatic, however, was the
      alteration in the distribution of these molecules between medium and cell layer.
      Interstitial collagens produced by cells grown on collagen gels were almost
      exclusively associated with the cell layer or collagenous gel. These studies,
      thus, demonstrate that an extracellular matrix may exert a considerable influence
      on the cellular synthetic activities and possibly cellular polarity of capillary
      endothelial cells.

PMID- 3409480
TI  - Isocitrate dehydrogenase activity and its regulation by estradiol in tissues of
      rats of various ages.
AB  - The activity and hormonal regulation of NAD- and NADP-linked isocitrate
      dehydrogenase (EC.1.1.1.41 and EC.1.1.1.42, respectively) in the brain, liver and
      kidney cortex of female rats of various ages was investigated. The activity of
      NAD-ICDH of brain was greater than extramitochondrial (-c) or intramitochondrial
      (-m) NADP-ICDH. In contrast, liver c-NADP-ICDH was much higher than NAD- or m
      NADP-ICDH, whereas in kidney cortex the activity of m-NADP-ICDH is dominant over
      both NAD- and c-NADP-ICDH in all the age group of rats studied. The activity of
      the NAD-ICDH of brain and all the enzymes of liver and kidney cortex increases
      until adulthood (33-weeks) and decreases thereafter in old rats (85-weeks). In
      brain c-NADP-ICDH was much higher in immature (6-weeks) rats and decreases with
      increasing age of the animal, whereas m-NADP-ICDH showed no significant change
      with the age of the rats. Bilateral ovariectomy decreases the level of all the
      three forms of enzyme in all the tissues of 6-, 13- and 33-week rats but failed
      to show any significant effect in 85-week old rats. Exogenous administration of
      estradiol induces all the three forms of enzyme in all the tissues of
      ovariectomized rats. The degree of response is tissue- and age-specific.

PMID- 3409483
TI  - Ischemia induces changes in the level of mRNAs coding for stress protein 71 and
      creatine kinase M.
AB  - Hyperthermia, hypoxia, and other conditions induce the appearance of heat shock
      or stress proteins in cells. We have previously shown that in the ischemic dog
      myocardium the level of a messenger RNA (mRNA) coding for a protein with
      migration characteristics similar to heat shock/stress protein 71 increases.
      Using a human heat-shock protein (hHSP) 70 genomic clone and anti-HSP70
      antibodies as probes, we demonstrate in this report that heart stress protein
      (SP) 71 mRNA and its translational products (71 kDa polypeptides) are members of
      the stress protein family. In rabbit hearts, the ischemia-induced mRNAs translate
      into three isoforms with different isoelectric points (6.0, 6.1, and 6.15), in
      contrast to dog heart mRNA that translates into a protein with a pI of 5.8. The
      levels of SP71 mRNA in the dog and rabbit ischemic myocardium increased by
      sixfold and 18-fold, respectively. In the same samples, the levels of creatine
      kinase M mRNA decreased by about 40%, whereas those of myosin heavy chain mRNA
      remain unaltered. Our comparative analysis of three different mRNAs indicates
      that ischemia manifests its effects by differentially changing the levels of
      specific mRNAs coding for proteins with separate and distinct roles in the cell.

PMID- 3409482
TI  - Pulmonary vascular responses to forebrain stimulation in the cat.
AB  - The effects of forebrain stimulation on the pulmonary vascular bed were
      investigated in the intact-chest cat under conditions of controlled blood flow
      and constant left atrial pressure. When pulmonary vascular tone was raised to a
      high steady level, direct electrical stimulation of the forebrain elicited a
      biphasic change in lobar arterial pressure. The response was characterized by an
      initial transient increase in lobar arterial pressure that was followed by a
      prolonged secondary decrease in pressure. When a delay coil was added to the
      extracorporeal perfusion circuit, the secondary vasodilator response was
      separated into initial brief and delayed prolonged components, suggesting that it
      was mediated in part by the release of a humoral factor. The entire response to
      forebrain stimulation was abolished by cervical cord section or freezing. The
      initial constrictor response and early brief dilator response were not blocked by
      classic pharmacological blocking agents. The delayed humorally mediated
      vasodilator response was blocked by propranolol or ICI 118551, indicating that it
      was mediated by a circulating factor with beta 2-stimulating properties. The
      delayed vasodilator response was associated with a large increase in arterial
      epinephrine levels, and this rise in plasma epinephrine was not altered by
      propranolol. The present data suggest that electrical stimulation of the
      forebrain causes a prolonged pulmonary vasodilator response that is mediated by
      way of a descending pathway, which results in a large rise in arterial
      epinephrine levels.

PMID- 3409484
TI  - Structural and reactivity alterations of the renal vasculature of spontaneously
      hypertensive rats prior to and during established hypertension.
AB  - The renal vasculature of Wistar Kyoto spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR),
      prior to (4-5 week) and during established hypertension (21 week) and those of
      age-matched Wistar Kyoto normotensive rats (WKY) were morphometrically and
      pharmacologically studied. Under dilated conditions, the vascular resistances
      (RVR) of the isolated kidneys of young and adult SHR were similar to WKY.
      Morphometric measurements of renal vasculature indicated that the cross-sectional
      area of the intima and adventitia and its subcomponents were similar in adult SHR
      and WKY. With the exception of the preglomerular arterioles, all the renal
      arteries of adult SHR exhibited elevated cross-sectional quantities of total
      media, medial smooth muscle cells (SMCs), and extracellular space. Analysis of
      the SMCs indicated the presence of increased numbers of SMC layers and/or an
      increase in the SMC volume-to-surface area ratio in arteries sampled from adult
      SHR. Vascular contraction produced by infusing norepinephrine, BaCl2, angiotensin
      II, or by stimulating the renal nerves elevated the RVR to a greater degree in
      adult SHR than in WKY. The sensitivity of the renal vasculature to the various
      contractile agents was similar in adult SHR and WKY. When compared with WKY,
      prehypertensive SHR also exhibited increased cross-sectional quantities of
      arterial media and elevated amplitudes of RVR change in response to
      norepinephrine and renal nerve stimulation. However, the vascular contractile
      sensitivity to norepinephrine was reduced. Our results indicate that renovascular
      wall thickening and the hypercontractile reactivity associated with such a change
      precedes hypertension in SHR. In prehypertensive SHR, elevations in RVR might be
      counterbalanced by a decreased norepinephrine sensitivity. An increase in the
      norepinephrine contractile sensitivity and further vascular thickening with age
      could elevate the RVR and establish hypertension.

PMID- 3409485
TI  - Prenatal and postnatal hydralazine treatment does not prevent renal vessel wall
      thickening in SHR despite the absence of hypertension.
AB  - Previous studies in our laboratory have shown that the renal blood vessels of 21
      week-old Wistar-Kyoto spontaneously hypertensive rats exhibited thicker vascular
      walls than age matched Wistar-Kyoto normotensive rats. Morphometric analysis of
      the relaxed renovasculature revealed an increase in the cross-sectional area of
      the media, which in most cases was associated with an increase in the number of
      smooth muscle cell layers. To test if these structural changes occur in the
      absence of raised blood pressure, hydralazine was administered to spontaneously
      hypertensive rats and normotensive controls prior to and during pregnancy (100
      ml/l drinking water), and to the newborn males up to 21 weeks of age (16.9
      mg/kg/day by gavage until weaning followed by 100 mg/l in the drinking water).
      Treated animals were compared with untreated rats. Treatment prevented
      hypertension development in spontaneously hypertensive rats but did not alter the
      structural changes found in untreated animals with hypertension. At 21 weeks of
      age, hydralazine-treated spontaneously hypertensive rats had similar wall-to
      lumen area ratios, medial cross-sectional areas and numbers of medial smooth
      muscle layers as untreated hypertensive rats while these parameters were greater
      in treated and untreated spontaneously hypertensive rats than in either treated
      or untreated normotensive controls. Withdrawal of hydralazine from 26-week-old
      spontaneously hypertensive rats that had been treated in utero and postnatally
      and had normal blood pressures throughout life resulted in the rapid onset of
      hypertension. Our results show that renal vascular wall thickening in
      spontaneously hypertensive rats occurs in the absence of high blood pressure and
      therefore is not a secondary effect of raised blood pressure.

PMID- 3409486
TI  - Heat-shock response is associated with enhanced postischemic ventricular
      recovery.
AB  - In cells, hyperthermia induces synthesis of heat-shock proteins and the
      acquisition of thermotolerance. Thermotolerant cells are resistant to subsequent
      oxidative stress. In this study, heat-shocked hearts were examined for evidence
      of protection during ischemia and reperfusion. Rats were exposed to 15 minutes of
      42 degrees C hyperthermia. Twenty-four hours later their hearts were isolated and
      perfused and the contractility examined during and after ischemic perfusion. No
      protection was observed during ischemic perfusion. However, upon reperfusion heat
      shocked hearts had recovery of contractility within 5 minutes of reperfusion,
      while control hearts showed no contractility at this time. Throughout 30 minutes
      of reperfusion heat-shocked hearts had significantly improved recovery of
      contractile force, rate of contraction and rate of relaxation. Creatine kinase
      release, associated with reperfusion injury, was significantly reduced from a
      high of 386.8 +/- 78.9 mU/min/g heart wt for controls to 123.7 +/- 82.9 mU/min/g
      heart wt for heat-shocked hearts at 5 minutes of reperfusion. Following 30
      minutes of reperfusion, ultrastructural examination revealed less damage of
      mitochondrial membranes in the heat-shocked hearts. Further biochemical
      investigations revealed that the antioxidative enzyme, catalase, was
      significantly increased to 137 +/- 12.7 U/mg protein in the heat-shocked hearts
      while the control value was 64.8 +/- 8.3 U/mg protein. Hyperthermic treatment,
      which induces the heat-shock response, may be therapeutic for salvaging ischemic
      myocardium during reperfusion, through a mechanism involving increased levels of
      myocardial catalase.

PMID- 3409487
TI  - Relation between transmural deformation and local myofiber direction in canine
      left ventricle.
AB  - To determine the relation between local myofiber anatomy and local deformation in
      the wall of the left ventricle, both three-dimensional transmural deformation and
      myofiber orientation were examined in the anterior free wall of seven canine left
      ventricles. Deformation was measured by imaging columns of implanted radiopaque
      markers with high-speed, biplane cineradiography (16 mm, 120 frames/sec). Hearts
      were fixed at end diastole and sectioned parallel to the local epicardial tangent
      plane to determine the transmural distribution of fiber directions at the site of
      strain measurement. The principal direction of deformation associated with the
      greatest shortening was compared with the local fiber direction in the outer (21
      +/- 8% of the wall thickness from the epicardium) and inner (65 +/- 9%) halves of
      the wall. Although the fiber direction varied substantially with depth from the
      epicardium, the principal direction did not. In the outer half of the wall, fiber
      direction averaged -8 +/- 24 degrees, while the principal direction averaged -33
      +/- 24 degrees from circumferential (counterclockwise angles are positive). In
      the inner half, fiber direction averaged 69 +/- 10 degrees, while the principal
      direction averaged -22 +/- 21 degrees. Therefore, while fiber and principal
      directions were not substantially different in the outer half, the greatest
      shortening occurred orthogonally to the fiber direction in the inner half. Normal
      and shear strains measured in a cardiac coordinate system (circumferential,
      longitudinal, and radial coordinates) were rotated (transformed) to "fiber"
      coordinates in both halves of the wall. In the outer half, normal strains
      observed in the fiber (-0.09 +/- 0.04) and cross-fiber (-0.04 +/- 0.04)
      directions were not significantly different (paired t test, p less than 0.05). In
      the inner half, more than twice as much strain occurred in the cross-fiber (-0.17
      +/- 0.03) than in the fiber direction (-0.06 +/- 0.06). Moreover, the only shear
      strain that remained substantial after transformation was transverse shear in the
      plane of the fiber and radial coordinates. These results suggest that both
      reorientation and cross-sectional shape changes of myofibers or the interstitium
      may contribute to the large wall thickenings observed during contraction,
      particularly in the inner half of the ventricular wall.

PMID- 3409488
TI  - A theoretical method for estimating small vessel distensibility in humans.
AB  - A simple theoretical approach is presented for estimating vascular distensibility
      of small blood vessels from noninvasively obtained pressure-flow data in the hand
      and forearm of human subjects. To the extent that Poiseuille's law applies to
      blood flow in these vascular beds, conductance (the reciprocal of vascular
      resistance) can be calculated from these data as the ratio of blood flow to mean
      arterial pressure. The fourth root of the conductance is proportional to the
      radius of the vascular bed. The slope of the relation between the logarithm of
      the radius of the vascular bed and the transmural pressure is proportional to the
      vascular extensibility (E), which, in turn, for small deformations and constant
      vascular length, is proportional to the distensibility of small blood vessel.
      Data obtained from the hands of six hypertensive subjects were compared with that
      obtained from six normotensive subjects, all with their vascular beds in a
      maximally dilated state. Also compared were data obtained from four normal
      subjects with their vascular beds in the resting state and when the beds were
      maximally dilated. The results indicate that 1) in the hypertensive subjects, the
      small blood vessels of the maximally dilated vascular bed of the hand are
      significantly (p less than 0.02) less distensible (E = 0.126 +/- 0.034/mm Hg)
      than those in the normotensive subjects (E = 0.272 +/- 0.047/mm Hg) and 2) the
      small blood vessels of the normal forearm at resting levels of vasomotor tone are
      more distensible (E = 1.00 +/- 0.38/mm Hg) than in the maximally dilated state (E
      = 0.51 +/- 0.08/mm Hg).

PMID- 3409490
TI  - Myoplasmic [Ca2+] determines myosin phosphorylation in agonist-stimulated swine
      arterial smooth muscle.
AB  - Our objective was to test the hypotheses that 1) myoplasmic [Ca2+] is the primary
      determinant of crossbridge phosphorylation and that 2) phosphorylation is the
      primary determinant of crossbridge interactions with the thin filament in swine
      carotid arterial smooth muscle. We tested these hypotheses by evaluating the
      relation between aequorin-estimated myoplasmic [Ca2+], myosin light chain
      phosphorylation, shortening velocity at zero load (V0), and stress at various
      times after stimulation with histamine, phenylephrine, and depolarization with
      KCl. Agonist-induced changes in myoplasmic [Ca2+] were associated with
      predictable changes in myosin phosphorylation. Depolarization required
      proportionally higher changes in myoplasmic [Ca2+] for a given change in myosin
      phosphorylation. The relation between phosphorylation and V0 or steady-state
      stress was invariant with all tested stimuli. This suggests that Ca2+-dependent
      crossbridge phosphorylation is the primary determinant of the mechanical
      response.

PMID- 3409489
TI  - Coiled perimysial fibers of papillary muscle in rat heart: morphology,
      distribution, and changes in configuration.
AB  - The morphology, distribution, and configuration of coiled perimysial fibers of
      rat heart papillary muscle were studied. Methods included bright-field light
      microscopy of silver-stained sections, scanning and transmission electron
      microscopy, and differential interference contrast light microscopy of unfixed
      and unstained specimens. Coiled fibers, elliptical in cross section, are arranged
      in a branched network that diverges from the muscle-tendon junction and is
      continuous throughout the length of the muscle and into the ventricle wall. Most
      fibers range in diameter from less than 1 micron to 10 micron and are parallel
      with the long axis of the muscle, although branching is common and oblique
      orientations are seen. Several myocytes are associated with each coiled
      perimysial fiber. Constituent fibrils (diameter, 40-50 nm) occur in bundles
      twisted within the fiber. Small satellite elastic fibers are parallel to the
      collagen fiber axes. Stereo analysis of the coiled perimysial fibers reveals
      helical configurations, as opposed to planar waviness, that become less
      convoluted or even straighten as the resting muscle is stretched. Calculations
      based on cross-sectional areas of fibers, changes in fiber configurations, and
      tensile moduli reported for collagen fibers of other tissues show that the
      potential tensile strength of the network of coiled perimysial fibers is
      sufficient to contribute significantly to the mechanical properties of papillary
      muscle. Detailed evaluations of possible roles of the coiled perimysial collagen
      fiber system as a function of passive stretch and contraction in ventricular
      wall, as well as in papillary muscle, warrant further study.

PMID- 3409491
TI  - Endothelium-dependent relaxation to aggregating platelets in isolated basilar
      arteries of control and hypercholesterolemic pigs.
AB  - The role of the endothelium was examined in the response to aggregating platelets
      in cerebral arteries from normal and hypercholesterolemic animals. Male Yorkshire
      pigs were fed either a normal diet or a 2% high-cholesterol diet for 10 weeks.
      Endothelium-dependent responses were examined in vitro. In rings of basilar
      arteries from control animals aggregating platelets caused endothelium-dependent
      relaxations, which were significantly inhibited by apyrase, an adenosine
      diphosphatase and triphosphatase, but were augmented by methiothepin, a combined
      S1- and S2-serotonergic blocker. In quiescent rings platelets induced
      contractions that were inhibited by the presence of the endothelium; these
      contractions were significantly inhibited by methiothepin, but not by ketanserin
      (an S2-serotonergic blocker) or dazoxiben (a thromboxane-synthetase blocker) in
      the presence or absence of SQ29548 (a thromboxane-receptor blocker). Adenosine
      diphosphate but not serotonin caused endothelium-dependent relaxations. In
      cholesterol-fed animals the endothelium-dependent relaxations in response to
      aggregating platelets and adenosine diphosphate were impaired. These experiments
      indicate that 1) the endothelium inhibits the vasoconstrictor effect of
      aggregating platelets in porcine cerebral arteries; 2) platelet-induced
      relaxations are achieved mainly by a purinergic mechanism, while platelet-induced
      contractions are mediated by activation of S1-serotonergic receptors with little
      contribution of thromboxanes; and 3) hypercholesterolemia impairs the endothelium
      dependent relaxations in response to aggregating platelets due to the impaired
      responses to adenosine diphosphate.

PMID- 3409492
TI  - In vivo determination of the force of leukocyte-endothelium adhesion in the
      mesenteric microvasculature of the cat.
AB  - Quantitative estimates of the force of adhesion between leukocytes and
      endothelium were obtained from in vivo hemodynamic measurements in small venules
      of cat mesentery during topical application of the chemotactic compound N-formyl
      methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP). Simultaneous measurements of upstream to
      downstream pressure drop, red cell velocity, microvessel hematocrit, and vessel
      diameter and length permitted application of the principles of momentum
      conservation to calculate the forces acting upon a leukocyte during adhesion to
      the endothelium. For venules ranging in diameter from 23 to 49 micron, the ratio
      of force (acting in the vessel axial direction) to wall shear stress on the
      endothelium fell from 14.6 X 10(-6) in small venules to 2.3 X 10(-6) dynes per
      dyne/cm2 in large venules; reflecting the larger pressure drops and forces
      attendant to greater lumen obstruction in the smaller venules. The equilibrium
      force representative of a balance between fluid shear stresses on the leukocyte
      and those at its site of contact with the endothelium ranged from 1.1 to 76.1 X
      10(-5) dynes for wall shear stress ranging from 2 to 25 dynes/cm2; with venules
      with greater wall shear stresses having the greater leukocyte-endothelium shear
      force. Within individual venules, however, the force acting on a single leukocyte
      varied inversely with wall shear stress, most likely due to white blood cell
      deformation, which leads to a lessening of shear stress on the surface of the
      white blood cell.

PMID- 3409493
TI  - Stretch-dependent calcium uptake associated with myogenic tone in rabbit facial
      vein.
AB  - Many blood vessels possess stretch-dependent myogenic tone. This tone contributes
      to the active resistance in small arteries, which regulates blood flow in the
      body. In this report we describe results indicating that stretch-dependent
      myogenic tone in the rabbit facial vein, a vascular preparation with useful
      experimental properties, is accompanied by an increased uptake of 45Ca2+. This
      influx may not occur through voltage-gated Ca2+ channels, since neither the
      extent of myogenic tone nor 45Ca2+ influx is affected by a concentration of 1,4
      dihydropyridine (PN 200-110, 10 nM) that reduces tone and 45Ca2+ influx due to
      the depolarization by K+. These results indicate that in myogenically active
      vessels a stretch-activated influx of Ca2+ may occur through distinct Ca2+-entry
      pathways.

PMID- 3409494
TI  - Current operative treatment of obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

PMID- 3409495
TI  - Exercise training in patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction.
      Hemodynamic and metabolic effects.
AB  - We studied the effects of exercise training in patients with chronic heart
      failure attributed to left ventricular dysfunction (ejection fraction, 24 +/-
      10%). Twelve ambulatory patients with stable symptoms underwent 4-6 months of
      conditioning by exercising 4.1 +/- 0.6 hr/wk at a heart rate corresponding to 75%
      of peak oxygen consumption. Before and after training, patients underwent maximal
      bicycle exercise testing with direct measurement of central hemodynamic, leg
      blood flow, and metabolic responses. Exercise training resulted in a decrease in
      heart rate at rest and submaximal exercise and a 23% increase in peak oxygen
      consumption from 16.8 +/- 3.8 to 20.6 +/- 4.7 ml/kg/min (p less than 0.01). Heart
      rate, arterial lactate, and respiratory exchange ratio were unchanged at peak
      exercise after training. Maximal cardiac output tended to increase from 8.9 +/-
      2.7 to 9.9 +/- 3.2 1/min and contributed to improved peak oxygen consumption in
      some patients, although this change did not reach statistical significance (p =
      0.13). Rest and exercise measurements of left ventricular ejection fraction, left
      ventricular end-diastolic volume, and left ventricular end-systolic volume were
      unchanged. Right atrial, pulmonary arterial, pulmonary capillary wedge, and
      systemic arterial pressures were not different after training. Training induced
      several important peripheral adaptations that contributed to improved exercise
      performance. At peak exercise, systemic arteriovenous oxygen difference increased
      from 13.1 +/- 1.4 to 14.6 +/- 2.3 ml/dl (p less than 0.05). This increase was
      associated with an increase in peak-exercise leg blood flow from 2.5 +/- 0.7 to
      3.0 +/- 0.8 l/min (p less than 0.01) and an increase in leg arteriovenous oxygen
      difference from 14.5 +/- 1.3 to 16.1 +/- 1.9 ml/dl (p = 0.07). Arterial and
      femoral venous lactate levels were markedly reduced during submaximal exercise
      after training, even though cardiac output and leg blood flow were unchanged at
      these workloads. Thus, ambulatory patients with chronic heart failure can achieve
      a significant training effect from long-term exercise. Peripheral adaptations,
      including an increase in peak blood flow to the exercising leg, played an
      important role in improving exercise tolerance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3409496
TI  - Norepinephrine spillover to plasma during steady-state supine bicycle exercise.
      Comparison of patients with congestive heart failure and normal subjects.
AB  - This study was performed to determine the relative contributions of plasma
      norepinephrine clearance and norepinephrine release to the increase in plasma
      norepinephrine concentration that occurs during exercise and to determine whether
      the high rates of cardiac norepinephrine release from the heart and kidney in
      patients with heart failure are associated with diminished reserve for regional
      sympathetic nervous stimulation. During supine steady-state bicycle exercise at
      50% of maximum voluntary exercise capacity, the plasma norepinephrine
      concentration of six patients with congestive heart failure rose from 385 +/- 88
      to 2,200 +/- 497 pg/ml, whereas that of nine normal subjects rose from 208 +/- 21
      to 882 +/- 257 pg/ml. The change in plasma concentration in both groups was due
      to an increase in norepinephrine spillover to plasma without a change in plasma
      norepinephrine clearance. In patients with heart failure, cardiac spillover
      increased from 80 +/- 26 to 528 +/- 265 ng/min during exercise, and renal
      spillover rose from 146 +/- 71 to 418 +/- 69 ng/min. In the normal subjects,
      cardiac spillover rose from 5 +/- 2 to 73 +/- 23 ng/min, and renal spillover
      increased from 76 +/- 27 to 275 +/- 106 ng/min. There is no evidence of a reduced
      reserve for overall or regional sympathetic stimulation in patients with heart
      failure. Reduced reflex responses in these patients are more likely due to end
      organ refractoriness than to inadequate stimulation.

PMID- 3409497
TI  - Endogenous sex hormones and cardiovascular disease in men. A prospective
      population-based study.
AB  - Plasma obtained and frozen in 1972-1974 from 1,009 white men (40-79 years old)
      who have been followed for 12 years was examined for endogenous sex hormone
      levels according to prevalent or subsequent cardiovascular disease. In these
      older men, no sex hormone measured (testosterone, androstenedione, estrone, or
      estradiol) was significantly associated with known cardiovascular disease at
      baseline or with subsequent cardiovascular mortality or ischemic heart disease
      morbidity or mortality. Sex hormone-binding globulin levels were also similar by
      disease status. Analyses of hormone:sex hormone-binding globulin ratios or of
      estrogen:androgen ratios showed a similar lack of association with cardiovascular
      disease. Testosterone levels were significantly inversely associated with levels
      of blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, and triglyceride and body mass index.
      In contrast, the only significant estrogen risk factor associations were positive
      correlations of estrone with total plasma cholesterol, triglyceride, and glucose.
      These data do not support a causal role for elevated endogenous estrogen levels
      and heart disease.

PMID- 3409498
TI  - Comparison of individual and combined effects of procainamide and amiodarone in
      patients with sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias.
AB  - To compare the individual and combined electrophysiological effects of amiodarone
      and procainamide, 35 patients with sustained ventricular arrhythmias underwent
      programmed stimulation in the control state, after procainamide (mean
      concentration, 8.7 +/- 2.8 micrograms/ml), after 13 +/- 2 days of amiodarone
      (1,400 mg/day x 7 days, then 400 mg/day), and after amiodarone with procainamide
      (mean procainamide concentration, 7.8 +/- 2.2 micrograms/ml). Sustained
      ventricular tachycardia (VT) was inducible in all 35 patients during treatment
      with procainamide alone and with amiodarone alone. Procainamide and amiodarone
      similarly increased the VT cycle length (+68 vs. +61 msec), the corrected QT
      interval (+63 vs. +49 msec), and the ventricular effective refractory period
      measured at paced cycle lengths of 600-550 msec (+23 vs. +21 msec) and 400 msec
      (+25 vs. +23 msec). Procainamide had a more pronounced effect on QRS duration
      than amiodarone during sinus rhythm (+18 vs. +8 msec, p less than 0.01) and
      during paced cycle lengths of 600-550 msec (+32 vs. +23 msec, p less than 0.01)
      and 400 msec (+37 vs. +28 msec, p less than 0.1) but a similar effect on the QRS
      duration during VT (+32 vs. +29 msec). During combination therapy, VT initiation
      was prevented in only two (6%) patients. The combination therapy produced a
      greater increase (p less than 0.001) than individual therapy in all the
      electrophysiological intervals assessed, with the exception of the sinus cycle
      length. On each drug regimen, a cycle length-dependent increase (p less than
      0.05) in paced QRS duration was noted (400 more than 600-550 msec).(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3409499
TI  - New catheter technique for recording left free-wall accessory atrioventricular
      pathway activation. Identification of pathway fiber orientation.
AB  - The ability to record accessory atrioventricular (AV) pathway activation
      consistently may be uniquely beneficial in improving pathway localization,
      identifying anatomic relations, and providing insight into unusual conduction
      properties. For the purpose of recording left AV accessory pathway activation, an
      electrode catheter was specially designed for use in the coronary sinus. The
      orthogonal catheter has three sets of four electrodes spaced evenly around the
      circumference. Electrograms were recorded at low gain (less than 1 cm/mV) between
      adjacent electrodes on the same set (interelectrode distance, 1.5 mm, center to
      center). This provides a recording dipole perpendicular to the atrioventricular
      groove to enhance recording of accessory pathway activation while minimizing
      overlapping atrial or ventricular potentials. The orthogonal electrode catheter
      was used in the electrophysiological study of 48 consecutive patients with 59
      left AV accessory pathways. The catheter could be advanced along the coronary
      sinus beyond the site of earliest retrograde atrial activation in 49 of the 59
      accessory pathways. Activation potentials were recorded from 45 of the 49 (92%)
      accessory pathways accessible to the catheter (5 of 5 anterior, 8 of 8
      anterolateral, 15 of 16 lateral, 5 of 5 posterolateral, 5 of 5 posterior, and 7
      of 10 posteroseptal). Accessory pathway potentials were validated by dissociating
      them from both atrial and ventricular activation by programmed-stimulation
      techniques. During surgery, accessory pathway potentials were identified from
      orthogonal catheter electrodes in the coronary sinus in 14 of 16 accessory
      pathways (12 patients). Epicardial mapping confirmed the location of the
      accessory pathway, and direct pressure over the orthogonal catheter electrode
      that recorded the accessory pathway potential resulted in transient conduction
      block in nine of the 14 accessory pathways. Orthogonal electrode maps of the
      coronary sinus identified an oblique course in 39 of 45 recorded accessory
      pathways. Thirty-two of 38 left free-wall accessory pathways were oriented with
      atrial insertion 4-30 mm (median, 14 mm) proximal (posterior) to the ventricular
      insertion. In the remaining six free-wall accessory pathways, the lateral
      excursion could not be determined because either only the atrial end of the
      accessory pathway was recorded or activation of multiple pathway fibers prevented
      tracking of individual strands. The seven recorded posteroseptal pathways
      exhibited accessory pathway potentials throughout an 8-18-mm (median, 10 mm)
      length of the proximal coronary sinus, but fiber orientation was difficult to
      determine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3409500
TI  - Mitral anulus motion. Relation to pulmonary venous and transmitral flows in
      normal subjects and in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy.
AB  - The dynamics between mitral anulus motion, and, thus, motion of the base of the
      heart, and filling of the left atrium and ventricle were studied by Doppler
      echocardiography in 12 normal subjects and 28 patients with dilated
      cardiomyopathy. The normal motion of the mitral anulus is associated with two
      phases of inflow from the pulmonary veins. The first phase (J) of pulmonary
      venous inflow occurs during ventricular systole, concomitant with the descent of
      the mitral anulus toward the ventricular apex, the extent of which is 12.8 +/-
      1.4 mm. The end of the descent of the anulus occurs at the cessation of aortic
      ejection. About 100 msec later, a rapid recoil of the mitral anulus toward the
      atrium coincides with the onset of transmitral filling. This rapid recoil
      contributes to the displacement of blood from the atria into the ventricles in
      early diastole. The second phase (K) of pulmonary venous flow begins in early
      diastole, with its peak occurring about 50 msec after the peak of transmitral
      flow. During atrial contraction, the mitral anulus moves slightly (2.4 +/- 0.7
      mm) toward the atrium and then returns toward its initial position within 120
      msec. This motion coincides with the A wave of transmitral flow. In patients with
      dilated cardiomyopathy, pulmonary venous flow and mitral anulus motion are
      markedly altered in comparison with normal subjects. In all patients, motion of
      the mitral anulus is either reduced or absent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3409501
TI  - Hemodynamics in humans during conventional and experimental methods of
      cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
AB  - High-fidelity hemodynamic recordings of aortic and right atrial pressures and the
      coronary perfusion gradient (the difference between aortic and atrial pressure)
      were made in nine patients during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Findings
      during conventional manual CPR were compared with those during high-impulse CPR
      (rate, 120 cycles/min with a shorter compression:relaxation ratio) as well as
      during pneumatic vest CPR with and without simultaneous ventilation and abdominal
      binding. Aortic peak pressure during conventional CPR averaged 61 +/- 29 mm Hg
      but varied widely (range, 39-126 mm Hg) among patients. Although the magnitude of
      improvement was modest, the high-impulse method was the only technique tested
      that significantly elevated both aortic peak pressure and the coronary perfusion
      gradient during cardiac arrest. During conventional CPR, aortic pressure rose
      from 61 +/- 29 to 80 +/- 39 mm Hg during high-impulse CPR, and the gradient rose
      from 9 +/- 11 to 14 +/- 15 mm Hg, respectively; p less than 0.01. The pneumatic
      vest method significantly improved peak aortic pressure but not the coronary
      perfusion gradient. Simultaneous ventilation and chest compression created high
      end-expiratory pressure and lowered the coronary perfusion gradient. Abdominal
      binding had no significant hemodynamic effects. This evaluation of experimental
      resuscitation methods in humans shows that the high-impulse chest compression
      method augments aortic pressure over levels achieved during conventional CPR
      methods; however, the improvement in pressure is modest and may not be clinically
      important. Simultaneous ventilation as well as abdominal binding during CPR were
      associated with no benefit; in fact, simultaneous ventilation appears to
      adversely affect cardiac perfusion and, therefore, should not be used during
      clinical resuscitation.

PMID- 3409502
TI  - Transmitral pressure-flow velocity relation. Importance of regional pressure
      gradients in the left ventricle during diastole.
AB  - Effects of regional diastolic pressure differences within the left ventricle on
      the measured transmitral pressure-flow relation were determined by simultaneous
      micromanometric left atrial (LAP) and left ventricular pressure (LVP)
      measurements, and Doppler echocardiograms in 11 anesthetized, closed-chest dogs.
      Intraventricular pressure recordings at sites that were 2, 4, and 6 cm from the
      apex were obtained. Profound differences between these sites were noted in the
      transmitral pressure relation during early (preatrial) diastolic filling. In
      measurements from apex to base, minimum LVP increased (1.6 +/- 0.7 to 3.1 +/- 0.8
      mm Hg, mean +/- SD); the time interval between the first crossover of transmitral
      pressures and minimum LVP increased (31 +/- 3 to 50 +/- 17 msec); the slope of
      the rapid-filling LVP wave decreased (74 +/- 13 to 26 +/- 5 mm Hg/sec); the
      maximum forward (i.e., LAP greater than LVP) transmitral pressure gradient
      decreased (3.6 +/- 1.3 to 2.1 +/- 0.7 mm Hg); the time interval between the first
      and second points of transmitral pressure crossover increased (71 +/- 9 to 96 +/-
      13 msec); and the area of reversed (i.e., LVP greater than LAP) gradient between
      the second and third points of transmitral pressure crossover decreased (101 +/-
      41 to 40 +/- 33 mm Hg.msec). During atrial contraction, significant regional
      ventricular apex-to-base gradients were also noted. The slope of the LV A wave
      decreased (26 +/- 10 to 16 +/- 4 mm Hg/sec); LV end-diastolic pressure decreased
      (8.1 +/- 2.0 to 7.4 +/- 2.0 mm Hg), and the upstroke of the LV A wave near the
      base was recorded earlier than near the apex. All differences were significant at
      the 0.05 level. Simultaneous transmitral Doppler velocity profiles and
      transmitral pressures were measured at the 4-cm intraventricular site. The
      average interval between the first and second points of pressure crossover and
      between the onset of early rapid filling and maximum E-wave velocity were
      statistically similar (81 +/- 13 vs. 85 +/- 12 msec; NS); and the average area of
      the forward transmitral pressure gradient associated with acceleration of early
      flow was significantly greater than the area of reversed gradient associated with
      deceleration of early flow (133 +/- 36 vs. 80 +/- 46 msec.mm Hg; p less than
      0.025).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3409503
TI  - Combined influence of ventricular loading and relaxation on the transmitral flow
      velocity profile in dogs measured by Doppler echocardiography.
AB  - The relation of the Doppler transmitral flow velocity profile to left ventricular
      loading conditions and diastolic properties remains poorly described. We studied
      seven adult mongrel dogs with an open-chest right heart bypass model in which
      left atrial pressure, representing preload, was varied by controlling blood flow
      into the pulmonary artery and left ventricular systolic pressure, representing
      afterload, was controlled independently by pumping blood into or from the femoral
      arteries. Heart rate was kept constant by crushing the sinus node and pacing the
      right atrium. Mitral inflow velocity profiles were measured by pulsed-wave
      Doppler echocardiography at multiple left atrial and left ventricular systolic
      pressures. In individual dogs, the peak E-wave velocity increased linearly with
      increasing left atrial V-wave pressure at constant left ventricular systolic
      pressure and decreased with increasing left ventricular systolic pressure at
      constant left atrial pressure. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis of
      data pooled from all experimental stages in all dogs identified left atrial V
      wave pressure, the time constant of relaxation (TL), and left ventricular
      systolic pressure, in order of decreasing significance, as predictors of the peak
      E-wave velocity (n = 82, multiple r = 0.87, p less than 0.0001). Multivariate
      analysis with the same three factors in individual dogs yielded higher r values
      (mean r = 0.89; range, 0.85-0.97), suggesting the presence of important interdog
      differences that were not accounted for by these three factors alone. When the
      values of codeterminant hemodynamic factors were kept within narrower limits,
      correlations between peak E-wave velocity and left atrial V-wave pressure (n =
      35, multiple r = 0.83, p less than 0.0001), TL (n = 76, multiple r = -0.54, p
      less than 0.0001) and left ventricular systolic pressure (n = 20, multiple r = 
      0.59, p less than 0.005) improved substantially. In the pooled data, the relation
      of the peak E-wave velocity to left atrial V-wave pressure was shifted downward
      by an increase in TL (reduced relaxation rate), and the relation of the peak E
      wave velocity to TL was shifted upward by an increase in left atrial V-wave
      pressure. Multivariate analysis also selected left atrial V-wave pressure and TL
      as the two most significant correlates of the velocity-time integral and
      deceleration rate of the E wave.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3409504
TI  - Mechanisms of depressed conduction from long-term amiodarone therapy in canine
      myocardium.
AB  - Amiodarone therapy leads to a significant impairment in myocardial conduction,
      yet it causes only a modest decrease in the maximum rate of depolarization of the
      action potential (dV/dT). To determine whether the decrease in dV/dT solely
      accounts for the impaired myocardial conduction or whether passive membrane
      properties may also be involved, we studied 21 ventricular epicardial tissues
      from 14 beagles; six dogs received long-term treatment (3-6 weeks) of amiodarone
      orally, and the remaining dogs served as controls. Amiodarone therapy was
      associated with a decrease in conduction velocity (0.41 +/- 0.15 vs. 0.56 +/-
      0.05 m/sec; p less than 0.01). There was a trend toward a decrease in dV/dT and a
      significant decrease in the space constant (0.69 +/- 0.27 vs. 1.05 +/- 0.25 mm; p
      = 0.01), of which the latter correlated closely with the decrease in conduction
      velocity measured in the amiodarone-treated tissues (r = 0.85, p less than 0.05).
      These data indicate that the decrease in myocardial conduction velocity caused by
      amiodarone is primarily due to effects on overall resistance to passive current
      flow rather than effects on the inward sodium current.

PMID- 3409505
TI  - Effect of thromboxane and serotonin receptor antagonists on intracoronary
      platelet deposition in dogs with experimentally stenosed coronary arteries.
AB  - We have reported previously that thromboxane A2 (TXA2) and serotonin (5-HT, 5
      hydroxytryptamine) are important mediators of cyclic flow variations (CFVs) in a
      canine model of coronary artery stenosis and endothelial injury. The present
      study tested the hypothesis that a TXA2 receptor antagonist is more effective in
      reducing intracoronary platelet deposition at sites of endothelial injury and
      severe stenosis than a 5-HT2 receptor antagonist. CFVs developed after placing a
      plastic constrictor around the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) in
      51 of 56 dogs. Autologous platelets labeled with 111In were injected in 48
      animals. Ten control dogs (group 1A) were killed after CFVs were observed for 1
      hour at the nadir of coronary blood flow. Five dogs (group 1B) did not develop
      CFVs after placement of the constrictor. CFVs were abolished with SQ 28668 (2.75
      +/- 0.36 mg/kg, group 2) and SQ 29548 (0.45 +/- 0.1 mg/kg, group 3), two
      different TXA2 and PGH2 receptor antagonists, in eight of 10 and six of seven
      dogs, respectively. In eight of 10 dogs (group 4), CFVs were abolished with
      ketanserin (0.66 +/- 0.12 mg/kg), a 5-HT2 receptor antagonist. In group 2, 3, and
      4 dogs, the respective drugs were given so that the minimal dose required to
      abolished CFVs was administered. In six of six dogs (group 5), a higher dose of
      ketanserin (i.e., 1.5 mg/kg) was used to abolish CFVs. At death, intracoronary
      platelet deposition was evaluated by calculating the LAD platelet accumulation
      ratio (111In activity in the LAD/111In activity in the circumflex coronary
      artery) in 43 dogs and, in 22 dogs, by microscopic examination of the LAD. A
      marked LAD platelet accumulation ratio was found in group 1A dogs at the stenotic
      site and in segments immediately distal to it. The LAD platelet accumulation
      ratio was significantly reduced by both the low and the high doses of ketanserin
      compared with group 1A dogs (p less than 0.001). However, the two TXA2 receptor
      antagonists further reduced the LAD platelet accumulation ratio compared with
      ketanserin-treated animals (p less than 0.01). Microscopic examination confirmed
      these findings. We conclude that SQ 28668 and SQ 29548, two different TXA2
      receptor antagonists, reduce residual intracoronary platelet deposition
      associated with CFVs in this canine model more effectively than ketanserin, a 5
      HT2 receptor antagonist.

PMID- 3409506
TI  - Sensitization of reperfused myocardium to subsequent coronary flow reductions. An
      extension of the concept of myocardial stunning.
AB  - The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the response of briefly ischemic
      and reperfused myocardium to subsequent moderate reductions of coronary arterial
      flow. In mongrel dogs, a carotid to left anterior descending coronary shunt was
      constricted to produce moderate coronary flow reductions (50-60% of control) and
      to thereby reduce regional systolic thickening (measured by echocardiography or
      sonomicrometry). First, we demonstrated an abnormal response of reperfused
      myocardium to subsequent flow reductions. We performed two episodes of coronary
      shunt stenosis, with an intervening 5-minute complete coronary shunt occlusion
      followed by 30 minutes of reperfusion. In a control group, the same two shunt
      stenoses were done, but no intervening shunt occlusion was performed. In the
      control dogs, repeated coronary shunt stenosis that produced equivalent perfusion
      reductions also produced equivalent declines in regional wall thickening. In
      contrast, in the intervention group (animals undergoing the intervening occlusion
      reperfusion sequence between two shunt stenoses), the second coronary shunt
      stenosis produced an exaggerated decline in regional systolic thickening, even
      though the decline in myocardial perfusion was similar to the first stenosis.
      Second, we sought to demonstrate the mechanism of the exaggerated decline of the
      reperfused myocardium to subsequent moderate flow reductions. Again, two groups
      of animals were studied. Each group underwent two episodes of coronary shunt
      stenosis with an intervening sequence of 5 minutes of complete shunt occlusion
      and 30 minutes of reperfusion. In addition, one of the groups received an
      infusion of the oxygen free radical scavengers superoxide dismutase and catalase
      during the occlusion-reperfusion sequence. In the superoxide dismutase and
      catalase-treated animals, the decline in regional systolic function during the
      postreperfusion shunt stenosis was similar to the preocclusion stenosis. Thus,
      oxygen free radical scavengers blocked the exaggerated contraction decline in
      response to the postreperfusion flow reduction. We conclude that briefly ischemic
      and reperfused myocardium displays an exaggerated response to subsequent coronary
      arterial flow reductions and that this response is a subtle manifestation of
      postischemic ventricular dyskinesis, or "stunning." The mechanism is probably
      oxygen free radical toxicity.

PMID- 3409507
TI  - Metabolic response to prolonged reduction of myocardial blood flow distal to a
      severe coronary artery stenosis.
AB  - Limited data are available concerning the effects of mild-to-moderate, sustained
      reductions of coronary blood flow on myocardial aerobic metabolism. This study
      tested the hypothesis that a sustained flow reduction distal to a severe coronary
      artery stenosis may be well tolerated (after the initial insult is passed)
      because of gradual improvement in the balance between myocardial oxygen supply
      and demand. Studies were performed in eight sedated, closed-chest domestic swine
      that were instrumented with an artificial coronary arterial stenosis (80%
      diameter reduction). Hemodynamics, regional myocardial blood flow and oxygen,
      lactate, acid, and base metabolism were measured before stenosis and at 5, 20,
      60, 120, and 180 minutes after stenosis insertion. Regional myocardial function
      (ultrasonic length sensors) was measured serially during 2 hours in three
      additional swine. After stenosis placement, endocardial and transmural flows
      declined (p less than 0.05) compared with flows before stenosis (from 1.54 +/-
      0.37 to 0.73 +/- 0.24 ml/min/g [mean +/- SD] and from 1.44 +/- 0.31 to 1.19 +/-
      0.25 ml/min/g, respectively). Thereafter, flows remained unchanged for the
      duration of the study. Similarly, prestenosis heart rate (135 +/- 7 beats/min),
      aortic mean pressure (113 +/- 17 mm Hg), and tension time index (27.1 +/- 3.6 mm
      Hg.sec) remained constant for the duration of the study. In contrast, regional
      coronary venous pH declined (p less than 0.05) compared with prestenosis levels
      (7.35 +/- 0.02) 5 minutes after stenosis (7.28 +/- 0.04), but it returned to
      prestenosis levels during the next hour. Regional coronary venous PCO2 exhibited
      a similar pattern (i.e., acute increase during poststenosis with gradual return
      to prestenosis levels).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3409508
TI  - Response of the left ventricular end-systolic pressure-volume relation in
      conscious dogs to a wide range of contractile states.
AB  - We assessed the linearity and slope of the left ventricular end-systolic pressure
      (PES)-volume (VES) relation over a wide range of contractile states in conscious
      dogs. The animals were instrumented to determine left ventricular volume from
      ultrasonic left ventricular internal dimensions and measure left ventricular
      pressure with a micromanometer. Studies were performed 1-2 weeks after
      instrumentation while the animals were conscious. Contractile state was increased
      by incremental infusion of dobutamine (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 micrograms/kg/min i.v.)
      and decreased by verapamil (10 mg i.v.) given after autonomic blockade. The 44 +/
      11 mm Hg (mean +/- SD) portion of the PES-VES relation generated by bicaval
      occlusion demonstrated a slight but consistent nonlinearity, apparent as a
      concavity toward the volume axis. This nonlinearity, present at all inotropic
      states, did not prevent the PES-VES relation from being well approximated by a
      straight line (r = 0.984 +/- 0.020, SEE = 2.1 +/- 1.4 mm Hg); furthermore, the
      slope of the PES-VES line provided a sensitive index of contractile state,
      progressively increasing with incremental doses of dobutamine and decreasing in
      response to verapamil. The volume-axis intercept of the linear approximation of
      the PES-VES relation was 2.9 +/- 3.3 ml less (p less than 0.05) than the volume
      axis intercept of the nonlinear quadratic fit. Thus, the linear PES-VES relation,
      whose slope is sensitive to a wide variety of inotropic states, is a reasonable
      and useful description of the left ventricle in the range of PES-VES points that
      can be produced by bicaval occlusion in the conscious dog. However, linear
      extrapolation of the relation beyond the range of data points may not be
      accurate.

PMID- 3409509
TI  - Effects of perfluorochemical hemodilution on coronary blood flow distribution in
      dogs.
AB  - To determine the effect of perfluorocarbon (PFC) hemodilution on myocardial
      vessel capacity to autoregulate, circumflex coronary artery pressure-flow
      relations were studied in anesthetized dogs under three conditions: maximal
      vasodilatation before and after PFC; autoregulation before and after PFC with
      100% oxygen supplemented with room air ventilation, and autoregulation with PFC
      hemodilution during either room air or 100% oxygen supplemented with room air
      ventilation. During coronary vasodilatation, PFC did not modify coronary
      conductance or zero-flow pressure. During autoregulation after PFC, the lower
      pressure limit of the autoregulatory pressure-flow relation was shifted leftward.
      This leftward shift occurred because endocardial blood flow was maintained at a
      lower coronary perfusion pressure with PFC while epicardial blood flow was
      unchanged. Endocardial blood flow was also preserved at 50% of control blood flow
      levels as evidenced by the higher endocardial-epicardial blood flow ratio with
      PFC. After PFC with 100% oxygen supplemented with room air ventilation, oxygen
      transport increased significantly when coronary perfusion pressure was below the
      lower pressure limit; the effect was most prominent in the endocardial tissue
      layer. Thus, PFC shifts the lower pressure limit to the left because of the
      increased ability of the endocardial vessel to autoregulate. Consequently, PFC
      can be considered a useful intervention for improving endocardial oxygen
      transport at low coronary perfusion pressures.

PMID- 3409510
TI  - Cyclic elevation of intrathoracic pressure can close the mitral valve during
      cardiac arrest in dogs.
AB  - Mitral valve closure during cardiopulmonary resuscitation may result from direct
      cardiac compression. An alternative hypothesis is that with a rise in
      intrathoracic pressure, mitral valve closure can occur but may be influenced by
      whether the lungs are inflated or deflated. To test this hypothesis, we placed a
      large-bore cannula into the thoraces of 11 dogs. Intrathoracic pressure was
      changed by inflating and deflating the thorax through the cannula while the
      airway was open, as well as by inflating and deflating the lungs with the
      thoracic cannula clamped. Mitral valve motion was observed with two-dimensional
      echocardiography from the right chest wall or esophagus in eight of the dogs.
      With a rise in intrathoracic pressure from thoracic inflation, all eight dogs
      showed closure of the mitral valve, while with thoracic deflation, all showed
      mitral valve opening. With lung inflation and deflation alone, however, the
      mitral valve remained open throughout the cycle. In seven dogs, with thoracic
      inflation, the peak gradient from the left ventricle to the left atrium was (mean
      +/- SEM) 18 +/- 4 mm Hg and the average gradient was 7 +/- 3 mm Hg, while with
      lung inflation alone, the average gradient was -1 +/- 1 mm Hg (p less than 0.01
      vs. thoracic inflation). Thus, mitral valve closure, with concomitant retrograde
      pressure gradients, can be produced by intrathoracic pressure changes with
      accompanying lung deflation. With lung inflation alone, however, the mitral valve
      remains open, and there are no significant transmitral pressure gradients. We
      conclude that intrathoracic pressure changes can cause the mitral valve to close
      or to remain open, depending on how intrathoracic pressure is generated.

PMID- 3409511
TI  - Ventricular interaction during experimental acute pulmonary embolism.
AB  - Although stroke volume may decrease markedly after acute pulmonary embolism, left
      ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) usually changes very little, which
      suggests that compliance or contractility or both are reduced. To test the
      hypothesis that the altered LV function during pulmonary embolism is primarily
      due to reduced preload mediated by increased pericardial constraint, hemodynamics
      and chamber dimensions (measured by sonomicrometry) were assessed in seven
      anesthetized dogs during control volume loading, after pulmonary embolism (with
      autologous blood clot), and after repeated pulmonary embolism in the volume
      loaded state. The correlation between LVEDP and an index of LVED volume (LVED
      area index) throughout a wide range of LVEDP before and after embolism was poor
      (mean r = 0.42; range, 0-0.82). However, the correlation between transmural LVEDP
      (LVEDP-directly measured pericardial pressure) and LVED area index (mean r =
      0.78; range, 0.61-0.94) was significantly higher (p = 0.03). Similarly, an index
      of stroke work (LV area stroke work) correlated less well (p less than 0.01) with
      LVEDP (mean r = 0.43; range, 0.07-0.77) than with transmural LVEDP (mean r =
      0.82; range, 0.68-0.92). LV area stroke work also correlated well with the LV
      area index (mean r = 0.84; range, 0.70-0.95). These data indicate that neither
      compliance nor contractility is substantially altered during acute pulmonary
      embolism. The altered LV performance is due to reduced LV preload as reflected by
      a decrease in transmural LVEDP. This study also demonstrates that LVEDP is a poor
      index of LV preload during pulmonary embolism, whereas transmural LVEDP
      accurately reflects LVED dimensions.

PMID- 3409512
TI  - Beneficial effects of exercise training in compensated heart failure.

PMID- 3409513
TI  - Cardiovascular surgery 1987. Part 1.

PMID- 3409514
TI  - Intraoperative decisions based on angioscopy in peripheral vascular surgery.
AB  - We describe the technique of intraoperative angioscopy for delineation of
      peripheral vascular anatomy. Angioscopes with outer diameters of 0.85-2.9 mm have
      been used during 86 peripheral vascular procedures. Angioscopic inspections were
      performed during 68 femoral popliteal bypasses, four aortofemoral bypass grafts,
      one abdominal aortic aneurysm, two extra anatomic axillary femoral bypass grafts,
      and 11 other vascular procedures. We obtained useful images in 73 of 86
      procedures (85%), thereby yielding 118 angioscopic inspections (53 arteries, 37
      anastomoses, and 28 vein grafts). Changes in intraoperative management based on
      angioscopic findings included revision of five of 37 (14%) anastomoses, deletion
      of four of 31 (13%) completion angiograms, revision of eight of 17 (47%) in situ
      venous valves, and repetition of thrombectomy in six of seven (86%) cases. In 22
      of 73 (30%) peripheral angioscopies, potential causes of graft occlusion were
      recognized. Complications from intraoperative angioscopy have included one
      anastomotic flap from intimal disruption that required anastomotic revision.
      Three small flaps, possibly resulting from angioscopic trauma, were recognized
      but appeared to have no clinical significance. In conclusion, intraoperative
      angioscopy provides visual assessment of luminal patency and anastomotic anatomy.
      This assessment alters intraoperative procedures in some cases and cannot be
      obtained by angiography.

PMID- 3409515
TI  - Heart valve replacement with St. Jude Medical valve prosthesis. Long-term
      experience in 743 patients in Switzerland.
AB  - Between November 1978 and June 1986, 828 St. Jude Medical valves were implanted
      in 743 patients whose mean age was 57 years (range, 1-83 years) and who had been
      admitted to the University Hospitals in Basel, Berne, and Lausanne, Switzerland.
      Aortic valve replacement was performed in 456 patients, mitral valve replacement
      in 200, tricuspid valve replacement in six, double valve replacement in 77, and
      triple valve replacement in four. In 187 patients, additional surgical
      interventions were performed. Operative mortality was 1.6%, and the 4-week
      postoperative mortality was 4.0%. During a mean follow-up period of 2.6 years,
      the annual mortality rate was 3.1%, and the annual cardiac mortality rate was
      2.1%. The thromboembolic rate per 100 patient-years was 1.3 after aortic valve
      replacement, 3.0 after mitral valve replacement, and 1.0 after multiple valve
      replacement. The incidence of major bleeding was 1.3 per 100 patient-years. Valve
      dysfunction attributable to thrombotic obstruction occurred in three patients,
      and that attributable to leaflet dislocation in one (annual dysfunction rate,
      0.2%). Twelve patients developed infectious endocarditis, six of whom died.
      However, in four patients, reoperation and, in two patients, antibiotic treatment
      alone were successful in treating the infection. A paravalvular leak
      necessitating reoperation developed in 10 patients. In three patients, the leak
      was caused by infectious endocarditis. Reoperation had no operative mortality. In
      three patients (0.4%), a mild hemolytic anemia was found.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3409516
TI  - Predictors of operative survival after valve replacement.
AB  - To identify the independent predictors of operative mortality, we examined 31
      preoperative clinical and hemodynamic variables in 2,488 patients undergoing
      valvular surgery between 1982 and 1986. The operative mortality was 5.3% in 1,098
      patients after aortic valve surgery, 6.6% in 1,107 after mitral valve surgery,
      and 10.1% in 283 after double valve surgery. Multivariate statistical analysis
      demonstrated that urgent surgery, endocarditis requiring urgent surgery, previous
      aortic valve surgery, coronary artery disease, and age were independent risk
      factors for aortic valve surgery. Urgent surgery, endocarditis, age, coronary
      artery disease, and preoperative ventricular ejection fraction were independent
      predictors of mortality after mitral valve surgery. The predictors of mortality
      after double valve surgery were urgent surgery, age, preoperative ventricular
      ejection fraction, and tricuspid valve disease. Gender and the type of valvular
      lesion, procedure, and prosthesis did not independently influence operative
      mortality. Strategies to diminish operative mortality should include careful
      assessment of the risks and benefits in elderly patients, early operative
      intervention before deterioration that necessitates urgent surgery, and use of
      improved techniques of myocardial protection in high-risk subgroups.

PMID- 3409517
TI  - Mitral valve replacement and septal myomectomy in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
      Ten-year follow-up in 80 patients.
AB  - Between 1970 and 1980, 80 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were treated
      with mitral valve replacement (MVR) at our institution; 54 of these (Group 1)
      underwent MVR alone, and the remaining 26 (Group 2) underwent MVR plus septal
      myomectomy. The 1-month mortality was 7.4% for Group 1 and 7.6% for Group 2.
      After 10 years of follow-up, the annual mortality was 1.5% for Group 1 and 1.6%
      for Group 2 (this difference was not significant). Sixty-nine percent of the
      patients in both groups continued to experience marked symptomatic improvement.
      In Group 1, 96% of the patients had been assigned to New York Heart Association
      (NYHA) functional class III or IV before surgery; only 17% remained in these two
      classes postoperatively (p less than 0.01). In Group 2, 98% had been assigned to
      NYHA functional class III or IV before surgery, whereas only 20% remained in
      these two classes postoperatively (p less than 0.01). A comparison of
      preoperative and postoperative hemodynamic findings revealed that the left
      ventricular end-diastolic pressure was significantly reduced from 20 to 14 mm Hg
      in Group 1 and from 20 to 15 mm Hg in Group II (p less than 0.05). There was also
      a significant postoperative reduction in left ventricular outflow gradient at
      rest (from 79 to 6 mm Hg in Group 1 and from 75 to 7 mm Hg in Group 2) (p less
      than 0.01). These findings indicate that, in patients with hypertrophic
      cardiomyopathy who require surgical treatment, MVR alone or in conjunction with
      septal myomectomy offers significant improvement of symptoms and hemodynamic
      values.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3409518
TI  - Effects of CGS-13080, a thromboxane inhibitor, on pulmonary vascular resistance
      in patients after mitral valve replacement surgery.
AB  - Pulmonary hypertension with an elevated pulmonary vascular resistance was
      observed during the immediate recovery period in patients who underwent mitral
      valve surgery. In eight such patients, intravenous infusion of CGS-13080,
      imidazo(1,5-a)pyridine-5-hexanoic acid (a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor), at a
      dose range of 0.08-0.1 mg/kg/hr, effectively reduced pulmonary hypertension (from
      a mean pulmonary arterial pressure of 36 +/- 2 to 31 +/- 2 torr) and pulmonary
      vascular resistance (from 339 +/- 38 to 238 +/- 37 dynes.sec.cm-5) within 30
      minutes and remained reduced for the entire infusion period (48 hours in five
      patients and 18 hours in three patients). Mean arterial pressure or systemic
      vascular resistance were not significantly affected by the drug infusion. Serum
      thromboxane B2 levels (a stable metabolic product of thromboxane A2) were
      significantly reduced after administration of the compound, with the maximum
      effect of greater than 90% reduction. All patients tolerated the drug infusion
      without significant side effects.

PMID- 3409519
TI  - Long-term follow-up of patients with left ventricular outflow tract obstruction
      after Carpentier ring mitral valvuloplasty.
AB  - Left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction is a complication of Carpentier
      ring mitral valvuloplasty that may occur only when this procedure is used to
      correct mitral regurgitation attributable to myxomatous degeneration of the
      mitral valve. LVOT obstruction has not been observed among approximately 300
      patients undergoing this procedure to correct mitral regurgitation attributable
      to other causes. Among 200 patients with degenerative mitral regurgitation who
      underwent Carpentier valvuloplasty, LVOT obstruction was found in 12 patients
      (6%). Five of these patients demonstrated severe LVOT obstruction during
      intraoperative echocardiography immediately after repair, which was corrected by
      mitral valve replacement in four and removal of the Carpentier ring in one. The
      remaining seven patients were followed-up for a mean period of 27 months with
      history, physical examination, and Doppler echocardiography. Systolic anterior
      motion of the mitral valve was the echocardiographic hallmark of LVOT
      obstruction. Doppler echocardiographic and catheter-measured LVOT gradient
      paralleled the severity of the systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve. The
      severity of the motion decreased, but still could be provoked, with amyl nitrite
      at late follow-up. Mitral regurgitation tended to recur at late follow-up.
      Despite the presence of LVOT obstruction and hemodynamic features resembling
      hypertrophic cardiomyopathy at late follow-up, none of the patients had left
      ventricular hypertrophy or asymmetric septal hypertrophy, and early postoperative
      functional class improvement was sustained.

PMID- 3409520
TI  - Low risk of thrombosis and serious embolic events despite low-intensity
      anticoagulation. Experience with 1,004 Medtronic Hall valves.
AB  - One thousand four Medtronic Hall valves (601 mitral, 398 aortic, and five
      tricuspid) were implanted in 847 patients between December 1979 and June 1987.
      Total experience at the end of June 1987 was 2,640 patient-years of follow-up.
      Prothrombin time ratios were reviewed for all patients (16,866 observations), and
      these ratios were found to be therapeutically low (median international
      normalized ratio, 2.6) and highly variable (lower 10th percentile, 1.6; upper
      10th percentile, 3.9). During the follow-up period, there were no valvular
      thromboses; the 95% confidence limit for the risk of thrombosis (0.14 per 100
      patient-years) is below that reported for other mechanical prostheses. Sixty
      percent of all thromboembolic events left no residual deficit, and 75% of all
      bleeding events did not require treatment. Only 11% of thromboembolic events and
      7% of bleeding events were fatal. The linearized rate of fatal bleeding was 0.2%
      per year, and the linearized rate of moderate to severe bleeding was 0.5% per
      year. Five-year actuarial embolic-free rates were 92%, 84%, and 83% for aortic,
      mitral, and double valves, respectively. The low risk of valvular thrombosis and
      of serious thromboembolic events in the Medtronic Hall valve, regardless of the
      range and variability of anticoagulation, offers greater patient safety than
      other mechanical prostheses, provides a credible alternative to bioprostheses,
      and may be particularly relevant to third-world populations.

PMID- 3409521
TI  - Left ventricular outflow obstruction after mitral valve repair (Carpentier's
      technique). Proposed mechanisms of disease.
AB  - Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) after mitral valve repair by
      Carpentier's technique has been recently reported in the literature. To assess
      the mechanisms of this phenomenon, we investigated 307 mitral valve repairs
      performed between July 1985 and December 1986. Incidence of LVOTO related to the
      mechanism of the mitral insufficiency and to the etiology demonstrates a direct
      relation to preoperative mitral valve prolapse (posterior leaflet +/- anterior
      leaflet) of degenerative origin. No LVOTO occurred after rheumatic mitral
      insufficiency repair regardless of size of the left heart cavities or of the
      prosthetic ring. Intraoperative and surficial two-dimensional echocardiography,
      color Doppler methods, and cardiac catheterization were used to investigate the
      mechanisms leading to LVOTO. Nonspecific modifications induced by reduction in
      size of the mitral annulus by the prosthetic ring (anterior displacement of the
      posterior ventricular wall and of the posterior mitral leaflet and narrowing of
      the mitroaortic angle) are not sufficient to explain the LVOTO. The association
      of mitral leaflets (composed of excess tissue and opposed to flow by a
      perpendicular position attributable to a narrow mitroaortic angle) and geometric
      left ventricular modifications (responsible for the superposition of mitral
      inflow to ventricular outflow) also qualifies as a mechanism for the induction of
      LVOTO after mitral surgical repair.

PMID- 3409522
TI  - Stability of mitral reconstructive surgery at 10-12 years for predominantly
      rheumatic valvular disease.
AB  - All consecutive patients who underwent Duran flexible ring annuloplasty in 1975
      and 1976 were reviewed until June 1987. Eighty-seven annuloplasties were
      performed in 85 patients. Aortic, tricuspid, or both surgeries were
      simultaneously performed in 44.8%. The hospital mortality was 2.3% (two of 85).
      Ten patients were lost to follow-up within 2 years after surgery, and there were
      three late deaths. Thromboembolic events were detected in 18 patients (seven
      peripheral and 11 central with one death); nine patients had partial recovery,
      and eight had full recovery. At the time of the thromboembolic event, eight
      patients were receiving anticoagulants; four, antiaggregants; one, both
      anticoagulants and antiaggregants; and five, none. Thirteen patients (13 of 73,
      17.8%) required reoperation between 1 month and 11 years postoperatively. The
      valve was replaced in 11 patients, and two underwent a new flexible ring
      annuloplasty. The cause for reoperation was regurgitation in eight patients
      (10.9%), for whom the mean interval between operations was 20.6 months (range, 1
      month-11 years). Stenosis was the cause for reoperation in five patients (6.8%),
      for whom the mean interval between operations was 87.8 months (range, 4-11
      years). We conclude that reconstructive surgery after 10-12 years of follow-up
      for this group of predominantly rheumatic patients has an incidence of failure of
      approximately 18% attributable to incorrect surgery (11%) and restenosis (7%).

PMID- 3409524
TI  - Capacity related characteristics of Glyco-Gel affinity chromatographic support.
AB  - We examined capacity related properties of "Glyco-Gel" (Pierce), a boronate
      agarose gel for separating and measuring glycated proteins by affinity
      chromatography. Our data indicate linear capacity to as much as 20 mg as applied
      hemoglobin or almost 10 mg as bound hemoglobin and 26 mg as applied serum
      proteins or a minimum of 2.5 mg as bound serum protein for each mL of gel. The
      capacity and affinity of the support for glycated proteins becomes optimum only
      after four regeneration cycles. The support matrix appears to have a small
      concentration of nonspecific binding sites equivalent to 0.09 to 0.18 mg as serum
      protein for each mL of gel. These sites do not bind hemoglobin. They lead to an
      overestimation of glycated protein that can cause large errors when the
      proportion of glycated protein is determined with small column loads. If near
      capacity loads are applied, the samples must be dialyzed or diluted to avoid
      decreased analytical recovery resulting from competitive and eluting properties
      of endogenous sugars.

PMID- 3409523
TI  - Long-term results of mitral valve reconstruction with Carpentier techniques in
      148 patients with mitral insufficiency.
AB  - There have been few relatively complete follow-up studies of long-term mitral
      valve function after Carpentier-type surgical reconstruction. Between January
      1980 and May 1986, 148 patients underwent Carpentier reconstruction for mitral
      valve disease (43% degenerative and 30% rheumatic). Operative mortality was 5.4%
      overall (1.2% for isolated mitral reconstruction), and follow-up (mean, 26
      months) was completed for all survivors. Five-year survival from late cardiac
      death was 90.0%, as was 5-year freedom from postreconstruction mitral valve
      replacement. Postreconstruction mitral replacement was needed in eight patients,
      in only five for failure of repair. Follow-up echocardiographic studies on 83.2%
      (104 of 125) of eligible patients showed 92.3% were free of significant (3+ or
      4+) mitral regurgitation. Freedom from mitral valve replacement or recurrent
      severe (4+) insufficiency was 84.4% at 5 years overall, but was lower for the
      rheumatic type of mitral disease than for the degenerative type (71.6% vs.
      88.3%). At 5 years, 95.2% of patients were free from thromboembolism without the
      necessity for long-term warfarin (Coumadin) therapy. At follow-up, 95.3% of
      survivors had improved to New York Heart Association Class I or II. The
      functional durability of mitral reconstruction and consistently high level of
      freedom from late endocarditis and thromboembolic and anticoagulant complications
      support the value of the Carpentier method of mitral reconstruction for mitral
      insufficiency, especially insufficiency due to degenerative disease.

PMID- 3409525
TI  - Lactate dehydrogenase isolated from human liver mitochondria: its purification
      and partial biochemical characterization.
AB  - We have demonstrated that lactate dehydrogenase is not solely a cytosolic enzyme
      by the isolation and purification of the enzyme from the mitochondria of human
      liver. Treatment of the mitochondria with digitonin reveals the LD activity to be
      associated with the inner membrane-inner matrix and the outer membrane. The
      mitochondrial LD consists of two fractions separated by ion exchange and affinity
      chromatography. The first mitochondrial fraction, LD-Mt1, with isoelectric points
      of 9.8, 9.6, and 4.8, has subunit components of 14500 and 34000 daltons. The
      second mitochondrial fraction, LD-Mt2, is similar to cytosolic LD-5 with respect
      to both isoelectric points and subunit molecular weight. The first mitochondrial
      fraction, LD-Mt1, has physical characteristics previously associated with the
      isoenzyme LD-6.

PMID- 3409526
TI  - Simple ultraviolet spectrophotometric method for the determination of serum
      guanase activity.
AB  - We describe a simple, kinetic method for the determination of serum guanase
      activity that involves enzymatic coupling to xanthine oxidase and measurement of
      the rate of uric acid formation by spectrophotometric monitoring of the
      absorption at 300 nm. At this wavelength, the absorption of uric acid is about
      80% of its maximal absorption at 293 nm, but the difference in molar extinction
      coefficient between guanine and uric acid is similar (9,000 at 293 nm vs 8,400 at
      300 nm). There are three advantages to the use of the higher wavelength: first,
      the absorption of serum proteins is only one third of the absorption at 293 nm
      resulting in a significant reduction in noise level. Second, the lower absorption
      of serum proteins allows increasing sensitivity of the assay by increasing the
      amount of serum in the reaction mixture. Third, the higher wavelength allows the
      use of automated centrifugal analyzers that are generally not designed for
      measurements below 300 nm. The between-day coefficient of variation was 5.8% (n =
      27) at an activity of 17 U/L and 8.2% at an activity of 2 U/L. The reference
      range for 50 sera from males and females was 0.4 to 1.8 U/L (n = 50; mean +/-
      2SD). The method is linear to 40 U/L.

PMID- 3409527
TI  - Lipogenic activity and brown fat content of human perirenal adipose tissue.
AB  - The incorporation of 3H2O and/or 14C-glycerol into lipids and the specific
      activities of the enzymes acetyl CoA carboxylase and lipoprotein lipase were
      measured in the perirenal and subcutaneous adipose tissue of human subjects. The
      perirenal adipose tissue of younger subjects with higher brown adipocyte content
      had higher rates of lipogenesis and enzyme activities per gram tissue than the
      corresponding subcutaneous tissue. However, in individual specimens, the
      perirenal/subcutaneous ratios of all but one of the above parameters failed to
      show a correlation with the brown adipocyte content of the perirenal adipose
      tissue. One parameter, namely 3H2O incorporation into fatty acids per adipocyte,
      did relate to the brown adipocyte content of the perirenal adipose tissue in four
      normal-weight patients only.

PMID- 3409528
TI  - Isoelectric focusing of human neutrophil alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes in
      agarose gel.
AB  - An isoelectric focusing technique for human neutrophil alkaline phosphatase
      isoenzymes is described. After sonication with Zwittergent 3-12, butanol
      extraction and ultracentrifugation, dialysis of cytosols precedes focusing.
      Focusing patterns show a heterogeneity with two enzymatic activity areas: a main
      component at pI 6.7-6.8 with a minor component at pI 4.8-5.0 which is difficult
      to visualize due to its sensitivity to experimental conditions. The addition of 3
      mmol/l ZnCl2 to the agarose gel improved the staining of focused bands and in
      particular the anodic component.

PMID- 3409529
TI  - Clinical utility of serum fructosamine in diabetes mellitus compared with
      hemoglobin A1c.
AB  - To evaluate the clinical utility of fructosamine as a mean of monitor glycaemic
      control, fructosamine and HbA1c were compared in 46 random out-patients visiting
      a Diabetic Clinic as well as in 25 inpatients admitted to a Diabetes Day Care
      Unit. In the out-patients, there were a significant correlations between
      fructosamine and fasting blood glucose (r = 0.75) as well as between fructosamine
      and HbA1c (r = 0.91). However, when the reference values were considered,
      interesting differences were found; only 4% of the out-patients showed normal
      HbA1c values while 39% showed normal fructosamine values. Accordingly,
      fructosamine and HbA1c evaluate different aspects of glycaemic control. During an
      admission of 7 days to the Diabetes Day Care Unit no statistical changes in mean
      blood glucose and fructosamine values occurred. On the other hand, two weeks
      after discharge from the Unit, not only fructosamine (3.58 +/- 0.16 mmol vs 3.09
      +/- 0.08 mmol/l) but also HbA1c (9.52 +/- 0.38% vs 8.33 +/- 0.23%) had improved
      significantly. Thus HbA1c measures improvements in glycaemic control as early as
      3 weeks after changes in treatment. At six weeks after discharge HbA1c (7.63 +/-
      0.34%) but not fructosamine (3.02 + 0.14 mmol/l) had improved further. HbA1c is a
      reliable marker of glycaemic control while the value of fructosamine in clinical
      practice is unclear.

PMID- 3409530
TI  - Tumour markers in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with central nervous system
      metastases from extracranial malignancies.
AB  - We have assessed the diagnostic value of the determination of cerebrospinal fluid
      lactate dehydrogenase, carcinoembryonic antigen, beta 2-microglobulin, beta
      glucuronidase and total protein, using linear discriminant analysis, in detecting
      central nervous system metastases from extracranial malignancies. We conclude
      that, using these tests, it is impossible to differentiate between control
      individuals and patients with brain or epidural metastases. Leptomeningeal
      dissemination from either solid tumours or non-Hodgkin lymphoma could be
      differentiated from control individuals and patients with brain or epidural
      metastases. In this differentiation it is essential that bacterial, fungal or
      tuberculous meningitis be excluded from the differential diagnosis by other
      diagnostic procedures. The combination of beta-glucuronidase and beta 2
      microglobulin provides almost the same diagnostic information as the combination
      of all parameters.

PMID- 3409531
TI  - Kinetic studies on nitrite and nitrate in rats by ion-pair chromatography.
AB  - A highly sensitive and specific ion-pair chromatographic method is presented for
      the simultaneous determination of nitrite (NO2-) and nitrate (NO3-) in plasma.
      The detection limits are 2 mumol NO2-/l and 8 mumol NO3-/l with recovery rates of
      98-99%. The applicability of this method to clinical medicine is demonstrated
      using NO2- -loaded rats as a biological model: following intravenous infusion or
      intragastric application of NO2-, blood levels of NO2-, NO3- and methemoglobin
      are measured during 2-64 min. The kinetic data obtained reflect the complex
      metabolism of NO2- and NO3- in living organisms.

PMID- 3409532
TI  - A more simple, rapid and sensitive fluorimetric method for the determination of
      isoniazid and acetylisoniazid in serum. Application for acetylator phenotyping.
AB  - A simple, rapid and sensitive fluorimetric method for isoniazid determination in
      serum is described. The method is based on the reaction of isoniazid with 2
      hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde in acidic medium in the presence of excess of scandium.
      Within-run precision (CV) was 1.5%, 1.0% and 1.2% at mean isoniazid concentration
      in serum of 0.244, 1.94, and 25.9 mg/l respectively (n = 10); between-run
      precision (CV) was 3.0%, 2.6%, and 1.9% at mean isoniazid concentration of 0.265,
      1.93, and 26.2 mg/l respectively (n = 10). The linearity of the method extended
      over the range of 0-300 mg isoniazid/l serum. The detection limit (defined as
      three times the SD of the mean blank) for the method is 0.008 mg/l of serum.
      Samples from 80 tuberculous patients treated with isoniazid were analysed by the
      proposed method (y) and by the modified spectrofluorimetric method of Miceli et
      al (x). Linear regression analysis of the results yielded the equation y = 0.98x
      + 0.05 (r = 0.986, Sxy = 0.22).

PMID- 3409533
TI  - Concentration differences in isoforms of transferrin in blood from alcoholics
      during abuse and abstinence.
AB  - At least five different forms of iron-saturated transferrin (Tf) from blood
      plasma can be separated by isoelectric focusing. These transferrin forms differ
      in the carbohydrate parts, especially the amount of sialic acid. The increased
      relative concentration of the form with isoelectric point 5.7 (Tf5.7) has been
      shown to be a good indicator for liver effects caused by alcohol abuse. However,
      in alcoholics during abstinence the newly formed transferrin has a higher sialic
      acid content than most of the transferrin already present in the blood. This
      indicates that the elevated concentration of Tf5.7 with a low sialic acid
      content, found in alcoholics is not due to a defect at sialylation, but most
      probably caused by an impaired uptake of sialic acid-deficient transferrin by the
      hepatocytes due to membrane dysfunction.

PMID- 3409534
TI  - Colorimetric measurement of plasma 3-hydroxybutyrate.

PMID- 3409535
TI  - Unstable translocation t(14;21) in a man, inherited as a t(13;14) in one of his
      daughters.
AB  - The transmission of a Robertsonian translocation was studied in a family after
      diagnosis of a t rob. (13;14) in a foetus, in the course of a prenatal diagnosis
      for maternal age. The father was found to be a carrier of a balanced t rob.
      (14;21) in mosaicism with a normal karyotype. The t rob(14;21) was inherited from
      the paternal grandfather. A second prenatal diagnosis, 1 year later, revealed a
      girl with the paternal t rob(14;21). Mitotic and germinal instability of the
      paternal t rob.(14;21) is discussed, with relation to the long period of drug
      addiction.

PMID- 3409536
TI  - No increased chromosome breakage in skin fibroblasts from patients with
      musculoskeletal sarcoma.
AB  - The frequency of structural chromosome aberrations was studied in cultured skin
      fibroblasts from 25 untreated patients with musculoskeletal sarcoma and 25
      controls. Subepidermal skin biopsies from the sarcoma patients were taken either
      close to the tumor (10 patients), at a distance from the tumor, i.e., from a
      contralateral limb (8 patients), or from both sites (7 patients). The aberration
      frequencies in fibroblasts obtained from different locations did not differ
      significantly (P greater than 0.05). The two groups of fibroblast lines were
      therefore pooled, yielding a total of 25 sarcoma patients with the following mean
      frequencies of aberrant cells, and gap, break, and gap + break events: 5.3, 2.8,
      3.2, and 6.1. Among the controls the corresponding rates were 5.1, 2.6, 3.2, and
      5.8. The differences were not statistically significant. These results provide no
      evidence of local differences in chromosome aberration frequencies, or that
      inherent chromosomal instability is important for the pathogenesis of sarcomas.

PMID- 3409537
TI  - 6q1 monosomy: a distinctive syndrome.
AB  - A female infant with a de novo del 6q14q16.2 and five other patients with del 6q1
      reported in the literature allow the delineation of a characteristic syndrome,
      the main features of which are: severe mental retardation, a round face with full
      cheeks, upslanting palpebral fissures, a short neck, umbilical hernia,
      malpositioned feet with syndactyly II-III, and typical dermatoglyphics with an
      excess of whorls and clinodactyly of the Vth finger.

PMID- 3409538
TI  - The phenotype of partial dup(7q) reconsidered: a report of five new cases.
AB  - Five unrelated patients with partial trisomy 7q are described. In two of them the
      duplicated region was 7q21----qter and in the others 7q22----qter, 7q34----qter
      and 7q35----qter, respectively. Clinical features were compared with those
      reported in published cases. Karyotype-phenotype correlations showed a
      relationship between the size of the unbalanced region and the survival, and
      prenatal and postnatal growth. In contrast, the same proportionality was not
      demonstrated between the severity of dysmorphic features and the size of the
      duplicated region. However, cleft palate seemed associated rather
      characteristically with dup 7q22/31----qter.

PMID- 3409539
TI  - Neonatal screening for amino acidaemias in Karnataka, south India.
AB  - Consanguineous marriages are strongly favoured among the peoples of South India.
      Because of the potential genetic risks resulting from inbreeding, a neonatal
      screening project was established in 1980 in the state of Karnataka for the
      identification of amino acidaemias. To date, blood samples obtained by toe-stab
      from 98,256 neonates have been tested by thin layer chromatography, with 46
      single and 70 general amino acidaemias detected. The coefficients of inbreeding
      (F) for the two groups of neonates were 0.0336 and 0.0350, by comparison with a
      previously determined F value for the general, new-born population of 0.0298. The
      most common single abnormality detected was tyrosinaemia, with spontaneous
      resolution in the majority of cases.

PMID- 3409541
TI  - Intrafamilial variability in fucosidosis.
AB  - Two families with five patients affected with fucosidosis are described. Within
      each family, both type I and type II fucosidosis are present. This suggests that
      environmental factors or "modifying genes" different from the fucosidase
      structural gene contribute to the phenotype of a fucosidosis patient.

PMID- 3409540
TI  - Autosomal dominant antecubital pterygium: syndromic status substantiated.
AB  - An autosomal dominant (AD) antecubital pterygium syndrome has been documented on
      the Indian Ocean Island of Rodrigues, and 11 affected family members in five
      generations have been studied over four decades. The consistent features include
      a fleshy web extending across the anterior aspect of the cubital fossa, absence
      of the long head of the triceps, limitation of full elbow extension and missing
      skin creases over the terminal inter-phalangeal joints of the fingers. On the
      basis of our observations, we consider that this condition warrants acceptance as
      an autonomous AD entity.

PMID- 3409542
TI  - An unbalanced autosomal translocation (7;9) associated with feminization.
AB  - A newborn girl presented with generalized mild dysmorphic features. She later
      developed heart failure and hydrocephalus, and died aged 5 months. Chromosome
      analysis revealed an unbalanced reciprocal translocation (with partial trisomy
      for half of the long arm of 7 and partial monosomy for the short arm of
      chromosome 9) and normal but inappropriate sex chromosomes (XY). The karyotype
      (46,XY,-9, +der(9),t(7;9)(q31.1;p23)pat) was inferred from her father who was a
      balanced carrier: 46, XY,(7;9)(q31.1;p23). The evidence of the present case, when
      considered with that of previous reports, suggests that deletion of genes on the
      9p may have caused the feminization and therefore that the 9p region may contain
      genes which are important in the normal process of testis formation.

PMID- 3409543
TI  - Ring chromosome 5.
AB  - A case of an infant with ring chromosome 5 is presented. The phenotype of this
      patient and other reported cases is analyzed with respect to the deletion of the
      long arm of chromosome 5.

PMID- 3409544
TI  - Selectivity in IgG subclass response to hepatitis B vaccine in infants born to
      HBsAg-positive mothers.
AB  - IgG subclasses of antibodies to the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in sera
      from 40 healthy infants immunized with the vaccine against hepatitis B virus
      (HBV) were detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with
      monoclonal antibodies. The infants were born to asymptomatic HBsAg-positive
      mothers. Total serum IgG subclasses were also tested to exclude a deficiency of
      certain subclasses in these infants but their distribution was the one expected
      according to age. In contrast, IgG subclass antibodies to HBsAg were
      predominantly IgG1 and IgG4. The collected data indicate that infants produce
      significantly higher levels of IgG1 and IgG4 than IgG2 and IgG3 in response to
      the vaccine for HBV. The IgG4 response to anti-viral vaccinations is uncommon.
      The role of that IgG4 subclass is not yet clear: even if an anaphylactic role was
      suggested, no adverse reactions were observed in vaccinated children.

PMID- 3409546
TI  - Gliadin presented via the gut induces oral tolerance in mice.
AB  - When an antigen is first presented via the gut, either priming or suppression of
      the systemic immune response may result. Many factors influence the outcome,
      including physico-chemical properties of the antigen. The aim of this study is to
      establish if wheat gliadin behaves as an oral immunogen or tolerogen. Mice reared
      on a gluten-free diet were fed gliadin, either as wheat flour in a standard
      rodent diet or as the purified molecule. Immune status (tolerant or sensitized)
      was then defined by measuring specific systemic immune responses after parenteral
      immunization of gliadin-fed and control mice. A single feed of 25 or 125 mg of
      purified gliadin resulted in a dose-dependent suppression of both cell-mediated
      and humoral immune responses. Similar oral tolerance was achieved by feeding mice
      with a gluten-containing diet for a week. Finally, mice reared on a normal,
      gluten-containing diet showed evidence of established oral tolerance, with
      significantly lower systemic immune response to gliadin than mice reared on
      gluten-free diet. These results indicate that gliadin is an effective oral
      tolerogen. In vivo studies on the immunogenicity of gliadins should be conducted
      in animals from gluten-free colonies.

PMID- 3409545
TI  - Lymphocyte phenotypes in the intestinal mucosa of sheep infected with
      Trichostrongylus colubriformis.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies to ovine lymphocyte surface antigens were used in an
      immunohistochemical study of the intestine of sheep. In the epithelium CD8+ cells
      predominated whereas the majority of lamina propria T lymphocytes were CD4+.
      Infection of sheep with the parasitic nematode Trichostrongylus colubriformis
      including sufficiently large numbers of parasites to induce protective immunity
      did not alter the number of CD4+ or CD8+ lymphocytes in the intestinal mucosa. In
      contrast, exposure of naive sheep to a single large infection of T. colubriformis
      resulted in a substantial decrease in number of CD8+ cells and moderate decreases
      in number of CD4+ cells in the duodenal but not the jejunal mucosa. MHC class II
      antigens were not detected either in or on epithelial cells of the sheep small
      intestine.

PMID- 3409548
TI  - Impaired release of natural killer cytotoxic factor in patients with primary
      Sjogren's syndrome.
AB  - The impaired natural killer (NK) cell activity against K562 target cells of
      patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome (primary SS) was re-examined in a 2-year
      follow-up study of 10 patients and 10 normal controls. The ability of blood
      mononuclear cells (BMNC) to form effector/target cell conjugates and to release
      NK cytotoxic factor (NKCF) were studied. NK cell activity of the patients was
      unchanged low (P less than 0.01) compared with the controls. The number of
      effector/target cell conjugates did not differ between patients and controls,
      whereas NKCF-release from interferon-stimulated BMNC was significantly (P less
      than 0.01) reduced in the patients with primary SS and positively correlated to
      the reduced NK cell activity (r = 0.85, P = 0.0002). The permanently low NK cell
      activity of patients with primary SS appears therefore, at least in part, to be
      due to an impaired release of NKCF and not to a defective ability of effector
      cells to recognize and/or adhere to target cells.

PMID- 3409547
TI  - Immunosuppressive effects of (2R,5R)-6-heptyne-2,5-diamine, an inhibitor of
      polyamine synthesis: II. Beneficial effects on the development of a lupus-like
      disease in MRL-lpr/lpr mice.
AB  - (2R,5R)-6-heptyne-2,5-diamine (MAP; MDL 72175), a potent irreversible inhibitor
      of L-ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), possesses immunosuppressive activities in
      vitro as the result of inhibition of lymphocyte polyamine biosynthesis. The
      effects of MAP were now studied in vivo in MRL-lpr/lpr female mice, an animal
      model for human systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Administration of MAP (0.2%
      in drinking water; drug intake: 0.25-0.35 g/kg body weight/day) to female mice
      for 15 weeks, starting 8 weeks after birth, reduced by 47% the number of spleen
      cells, retarded development of lymphadenopathy and, at that time, markedly
      prolonged the survival of the mice. At week 23, MAP reduced plasma IgG
      concentrations by 50% whereas, in contrast, those of IgM were elevated 1.5-fold.
      No statistically significant effects of MAP were observed on plasma levels of
      anti-DNA autoantibodies although serum anti-RNP and anti-Sm titres tended
      downwards during treatment. Neither glomerular lesions nor proteinuria were
      improved by MAP administration. Finally chronic administration of MAP for 45
      weeks prolonged the median survival time from 29.75 to 35.5 weeks.

PMID- 3409550
TI  - Chronology of halothane-induced antigen expression in halothane-exposed rabbits.
AB  - Multiple halothane exposures in rabbits generate modified liver proteins or
      antigens that appear to incorporate the metabolic intermediate of halothane,
      trifluoroacetyl halide (TFA), as identified by specific anti-TFA antibody. These
      halothane-induced antigens are most prevalent throughout the second to fourth
      days following a single halothane exposure and are in highest concentration after
      the second and third exposure. In addition, five consecutive halothane exposures
      at 2-week intervals caused the sustained expression of these halothane-induced
      antigens throughout the first 4 days following the last exposure. By the seventh
      day, however, antigen expression began to decline. Although there is great
      heterogeneity in the molecular weights of the halothane-induced antigens, the
      predominant proteins appear to be 85k, 58k, 53k, 37k and 24k. These liver
      proteins could reflect self proteins altered by trifluoroacetylation by halothane
      metabolites and may be potential immunogens in the initiation of a halothane
      induced immune response.

PMID- 3409549
TI  - The bone marrow as production site of the IgA deposited in the kidneys of
      patients with IgA nephropathy.
AB  - Patients with primary IgA nephropathy have increased plasma levels of polymeric
      IgA1 and deposits of IgA1 in their kidneys. The origin of this material is
      unknown. The production of IgA and its subclasses was investigated in the bone
      marrow of 14 patients and 19 controls using two colour immunofluorescence and
      tissue culture. Patients had an increase in the percentage of plasma cells
      containing IgA (45.8 +/- 7.2 mean +/- s.d.) compared to controls (40.1 +/- 10.5)
      (P = 0.08). IgA plasma cells containing subclass IgA1 were significantly (P less
      than 0.01) increased in patients (89.9 +/- 2.7%) compared to controls (84.1 +/-
      6.7%). Correspondingly IgA plasma cells containing subclass IgA2 were
      significantly decreased (P less than 0.01) in patients (7.4 +/- 3.0%) compared to
      controls (13.5 +/- 5.9%). Production of IgA in bone marrow culture in patients
      was increased (1,684 +/- 1,151 ng/culture) compared to controls (1,087 +/- 937),
      but this difference was not significant (P = 0.2). However, in patients the IgA1
      subclass contributed significantly (P less than 0.01) more to the IgA synthesis
      in culture (ratio of IgA1 over IgA: 0.96 +/- 0.02) than in controls (ratio 0.90
      +/- 0.06). These findings suggest that the bone marrow may well be the site of
      long-term overproduction of the IgA1 found in the circulation and mesangial
      deposits in IgA nephropathy.

PMID- 3409551
TI  - Immunoglobulin A1 and A2 subclass of salivary antibodies to Candida albicans in
      patients with oral candidosis.

PMID- 3409552
TI  - PVG rats, resistant to experimental allergic thyroiditis, develop high serum
      levels of thyroglobulin after sensitization.
AB  - Following challenge with rat thyroglobulin and adjuvants, DA rats invariably
      develop the histological features of severe experimental allergic thyroiditis
      while the thyroid glands of PVG rats remain histologically normal. It has been
      reported previously that some PVG rats develop high titers of anti-thyroglobulin
      antibody when challenged despite apparent resistance to thyroiditis. In the
      present experiment, PVG rats consistently developed high serum levels of both
      antibody and thyroglobulin. Although release of thyroglobulin from the thyroid is
      usually considered an indication of damage to the gland, the thyroid remained
      completely normal in all challenged PVG rats.

PMID- 3409553
TI  - Hepatic lesions induced by graft-versus-host reaction across MHC class II
      antigens: an implication for animal model of primary biliary cirrhosis.
AB  - To induce graft-versus-host reaction (GVHR), C57B1/6 (B6) spleen cells were
      injected into (B6 x bm1)F1, (B6 x bm12)F1, and (bm1 x bm12)F1 mice. Since the
      strains bm1 and bm12 are mutant at the H-2Kb and I-Ab regions of major
      histocompatibility complex (MHC), respectively, we can assess MHC class I- or
      class II-different GVHR. As reported earlier, immunological perturbations
      assessed by the number of immunoglobulin-producing cells and immune complex
      deposition in renal glomeruli were demonstrated in MHC class II-different GVHR. A
      conspicuous finding in this report is that epithelioid granuloma formation was
      observed in the portal area and around the central vein of liver of (B6 x bm12)F1
      mice injected with B6 spleen cells. The epithelioid granuloma formation was not
      observed in (B6 x bm1)F1 nor (bm1 x bm12)F1 recipient mice. Degenerative changes
      resembling chronic nonsuppurative destructive cholangitis in primary biliary
      cirrhosis were also observed in the bile duct epithelium in (B6 x bm12)F1 and
      (bm1 x bm12)F1 mice. These lesions were already obvious at the 2 week
      postinjection of donor cells and were continuously observed up to 10 weeks when
      immunological perturbations subsided. Thus, class II-disparate GVHR in this
      experimental system might provide a novel animal model of protracted disease,
      primary biliary cirrhosis.

PMID- 3409554
TI  - Immunoregulation of lymphokine-activated killer cells.
AB  - The in vitro effects of Concanavalin A (Con A) and prednisolone (PRD) on the
      cytotoxic functions of lymphocytes and the generation of lymphokine-activated
      killer (LAK) cells were investigated. Con A at concentrations ranging from 1 to
      40 micrograms/ml did not significantly affect the cytotoxicity of LAK cells when
      added directly to the effector and target cell mixture in a 4-hr 51Cr release
      assay. The generation and lytic capacity of LAK cells were significantly affected
      by Con A in a dose-dependent manner when lectin was added at the initiation of
      culture. Suppression of LAK cell activity was demonstrable at effector: target
      (E:T) cell ratios. Lymphocyte cultures incubated with PRD at concentrations
      ranging from 10(-9) to 10(-4) M showed a decrease in both the numbers of and
      activity of LAK cells using a variety of target cells. Pretreatment of target
      cells with either PRD or Con A did not affect their sensitivity to lysis by LAK
      cells and incubation of lymphocytes with Con A did not induce autoreactive
      cytotoxic or suppressor cells directed against LAK cell activity. Thus while PRD
      and Con A can inhibit the generation of LAK cells, they also directly inhibit
      their specific cytotoxic activity on a per cell basis. These results suggest that
      like other cytotoxic cells, LAK cells are also under active immunologic control.

PMID- 3409555
TI  - Immunotoxicity of organophosphorus compounds. Modulation of cell-mediated immune
      responses by inhibition of monocyte accessory functions.
AB  - Several organophosphorus compounds (OP) used commercially as flame retardants and
      plasticizers and related chemicals were evaluated for their effects on human in
      vitro cell-mediated immune responses. At nontoxic concentrations ranging from 0.1
      to 20 microM, two of the tested compounds, triphenylphosphine oxide (TPPO) and
      tetra-o-cresylpiperazinyl diphosphoamidate (TCPD) caused significant suppression
      of antigen-specific lymphocyte proliferation (P less than 0.01). Mitogenesis was
      less sensitive to OP treatment and was affected only by TCPD. When monocytes and
      lymphocytes were treated separately with OP, washed, and recombined, it appeared
      that these OP mediated their suppressive effects by interfering with a monocyte
      function rather than acting directly on lymphocytes. Further, triphenyl phosphate
      (TPP), triphenyl thiophosphate (TPTP) as well as TPPO and TCPD were tested for
      direct inhibition of monocyte antigen presentation, and all four compounds were
      found to cause significant inhibition at concentrations as low as 1 microM (P
      less than 0.001).

PMID- 3409556
TI  - Investigation of the tissue specificity of the lethal yellow (Ay) gene in mouse
      embryos.
AB  - The tissue specificity of the lethal yellow mutant was investigated by separation
      of blastocyst tissues. Embryos from experimental (Ay/ae X Ay/ae) and control
      (ae/ae X Ay/ae) crosses of the AG/CamPa inbred strain were recovered at 3.5 days
      post coitum, cultured for 24 hours, and then mechanically dissected into the
      component tissues of the blastocyst, the inner cell mass (ICM), and
      trophectoderm. These fragments were then cultured separately, with or without a
      feeder layer of inactivated fibroblasts, for an additional 3-5 days. Comparisons
      between experimental and control crosses indicated that the lethal Ay/Ay embryos
      were among the blastocysts successfully dissected but that both the ICM and
      trophectoderm from lethal embryos failed to develop further in vitro, either with
      or without feeders. With retrospective identification of the lethal embryos, it
      was found that at 4.5 days, after 1 day of culture, they had formed
      morphologically normal blastocysts but were frequently more fragile upon
      dissection and had smaller ICMs. Although none had hatched from the zona
      pellucida, some had ruptured it and were halfway out. With culture, lethal ICMs
      showed no development, and lethal trophectoderm usually attached but showed very
      limited outgrowth. Thus, no rescue of lethal tissue was shown with dissection and
      in vitro culture, and results are consistent with the gene affecting both tissues
      of the late blastocyst.

PMID- 3409557
TI  - Anemia in a line of transgenic mice carrying a mutant dihydrofolate reductase
      gene.
AB  - Several lines of transgenic mice were produced by pronuclear injection of a full
      length cDNA encoding a mutant dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR, E.C. 1.5.1.3). The
      mutation causes altered enzyme kinetics for folate reduction as well as low
      affinity for methotrexate (MTX). One line of mice carrying the plasmid displays a
      moderate-to-severe anemia that is evident in fetuses and newborn mice and that
      moderates with age. RNA studies revealed high levels of transcription of the
      mutant gene in the fetal and adult liver, and low or absent expression in adult
      bone marrow. Transcription of the mutant gene was not found in the fetal liver of
      other pedigrees examined. The data thus suggest that expression of this mutant
      gene in the main hematopoietic organ of the fetus adversely affects
      erythropoiesis by altering the cellular environment for erythroid
      differentiation, and that translocation of the site of hematopoiesis to bone
      marrow, where the foreign gene is not expressed, leads to normalization of red
      cell production.

PMID- 3409558
TI  - An autosomal dominant mutation of facial development in a transgenic mouse.
AB  - We have created a transgenic mouse which showed an autosomal dominant mutation of
      facial development. This facial malformation was characterized by a short snout
      and a twisted upper jaw. All offspring showing the dysmorphic phenotype carried
      the injected gene. In order to analyze the primary cause of this mutation,
      newborn mice and embryos were examined. The outcome was that the malformation of
      nasal and premaxillary bone was not the primary defect but was a secondary event.
      The primary cause of this dysmorphism was a developmental defect in the first
      branchial arch. Genomic DNA fragments flanking the insertion site of this mutant
      mouse were cloned. Using these fragments, we have assigned the integration site
      to chromosome 13. The gene responsible for a previously reported mutant mouse,
      one which also has a short snout, is also reported to be on chromosome 13. In the
      fragments flanking the insertion site of the transgenic mouse, at least one
      fragment was highly conserved in mammals. These results indicate that this
      malformation is due to the insertional disruption of a host gene. However, the
      possibility that this mutation is caused by an inappropriate expression of the
      injected gene still remains to be investigated.

PMID- 3409559
TI  - Secretion of plasminogen activators by human colorectal and gastric tumor
      explants.
AB  - Conditioned media from explants of human colorectal and gastric tumors in short
      term organ culture were analysed for plasminogen activator activity, activity
      toward the synthetic urokinase substrate, Spectrozyme-UK, and for the presence of
      urokinase antigen using monospecific goat antibody, by enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay. Comparisons were made between primary tumors, adjacent
      normal mucosa and metastatic lesions. These analyses were carried out on
      unfractionated culture fluids and on fractions obtained by fast protein liquid
      chromatography separation using Superose 6 gels. Plasminogen activator activity,
      tested by azocaseinolysis in the presence of added plasminogen, was restricted to
      peaks of 55 kD and 155 kD. These were of the urokinase type as shown by specific
      immunoinhibition and by absorption by an antiurokinase antibody-Affigel 10
      column. Spectrozyme-UK, in addition to these peaks, detected a series of higher
      molecular weight activities, the largest of which appeared in the void volume,
      and were therefore of greater than 10(6) molecular weight. These activities were
      greatly increased by inclusion of trace plasmin indicating that these components
      were mostly in their proenzyme forms. The characteristics of these very large
      enzymes were similar to those isolated earlier from a human lung cancer cell
      line. Comparison of the primary and metastatic tumors confirmed earlier
      observations showing that urokinase secretion by the metastatic tumors was
      greatly reduced in comparison with the primary tumors: in the colon carcinomas it
      was 10 per cent of the value for the primary, in the gastric tumors 3 per cent,
      whether means or medians were compared (P less than 0.0001). This large
      difference was characteristic only of plasminogen activator secretion assayable
      by azocaseinolysis; activities toward Spectrozyme-UK, and antigen reacting with
      anti-urokinase antibody, were considerably less different in the two groups. In
      individual tissues, no correlation was found between the amount of extractable
      plasminogen activator and amounts secreted, or between the latter and the amount
      of lactic acid released. It is postulated that the greatly reduced plasminogen
      activator secretion by explants of metastatic tumors may be a phenotypic
      characteristic of distinct advantage for cancer cells destined to initiate
      metastatic foci, and may contribute to the ability of circulating cancer cells to
      lodge in the blood vessels of the target organ.

PMID- 3409562
TI  - Abstracts. Metastasis Congress. Heidelberg, September 26-29, 1988. 2nd
      international conference.

PMID- 3409560
TI  - Comparison of metastatic cell lines derived from a murine mammary tumour, and
      reduction of metastasis by heparin.
AB  - A murine mammary carcinoma, which had a high potential for metastasis to the
      lungs, was established in culture, and from the parent line several clonally
      derived variants were isolated, showing different characteristics including
      metastatic potential. C1, a high metastatic clone, and C2, a low one, were
      selected for further study. When tumour cells were injected s.c. the growth rates
      of the resulting tumours were higher when they developed from the parent line
      (P2) or C1 cells, than from C2 cells. The numbers of lung colonies seen following
      i.v. inoculation of tumour cells also varied, C2 cells yielding the lowest score.
      In vitro C1 cells were more efficient at aggregating platelets than C2, an effect
      reduced by the addition of heparin. In vivo heparin reduced the number of tumour
      cells arrested in the lungs after i.v. injection, and also the number lung
      colonies which subsequently became established. The number of metastases which
      developed following s.c. injection of tumour cells was also reduced by heparin.

PMID- 3409563
TI  - Reverse skeletal traction for instability following revision total hip
      arthroplasty. A report of two cases.
AB  - Dislocation is a recognized complication following total hip arthroplasty (THA).
      Immobilization of the hip has been used successfully to treat those cases due to
      soft-tissue laxity. In two patients who had severe instability of the hip
      following complex revision THA, skeletal traction through the tibia was applied
      in a cephalad direction for three weeks. This unique method of employing traction
      maintained a reduction and resulted in a stable hip at the six-month follow-up
      evaluation in both patients. Reverse skeletal traction is a valuable treatment
      option when more conventional methods of immobilization of the hip will not
      maintain a reduction due to soft-tissue compromise.

PMID- 3409561
TI  - Synthesis and expression of metastasis-associated, Met-72/83 antigens.
AB  - In the present study, we report a more detailed biochemical analysis of the B16
      melanoma, metastasis-associated, Met-72 antigen. Specifically, we have examined
      (1) the molecular forms of Met-72 isolated during synthesis, surface expression
      and 'shedding' and (2) the cell-surface expression of Met-72 during the cell
      cycle. These experiments show that the 72 kD species originally described has an
      isoelectric point of between 6.3 and 6.9, but is the desialylated derivative of
      an 83 kD native molecule whose isoelectric point ranges between pH 4.9 and 5.6.
      In addition, a 90 kD glycoprotein doublet was immunoprecipitated from
      biosynthetically labelled B16 melanoma cells, but does not appear to be a
      precursor of the 83 kD or 72 kD molecule. These findings have led us to
      interchangeably use the terminology Met-72 and Met 72/83. The latter terminology
      more accurately describes the physical forms which can be identified by different
      labelling procedures. When culture supernatants from 3H-leucine labelled cells
      were subjected to anti-Met-72 immunoprecipitation, a 35 kD species was identified
      as a possible 'shed' product of these cells. Met-72/83 expression during the cell
      cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry and found not to be restricted to any
      particular stage. In addition, experiments were performed to determine whether
      low levels of Met-72 expression on poorly metastatic B16 melanomal clones was a
      direct result of low levels of synthesis, or if other control mechanisms
      regulated intracellular pools of Met-72 prior to cell-surface expression.

PMID- 3409564
TI  - Influence of alcohol intake, cigarette smoking, and occupational status on
      idiopathic osteonecrosis of the femoral head.
AB  - An epidemiologic study compared 112 patients with idiopathic osteonecrosis (ON)
      of the femoral head having no history of systemic corticosteroid use and 168
      hospital controls. Patients and controls were matched for gender, age, ethnicity,
      hospital, and time of initial diagnosis. The role of alcohol intake, cigarette
      smoking, and occupational status was assessed in relation to the development of
      ON. The relative risk (RR), the measure of association between ON and the risk
      factors, was statistically adjusted for the potential confounding effects of
      other factors by the conditional logistic regression model. An elevated risk for
      regular drinkers (RR = 7.8, p less than 0.001) and a clear dose-response
      relationship was noted (test for trend; p less than 0.001): the RRs were 3.3,
      9.8, and 17.9 for current consumers of less than 400, 400-1000, and greater than
      or equal to 1000 ml/week of alcohol, respectively. A significantly increased risk
      was found for current smokers (RR = 3.9; p less than 0.05). However, the
      cumulative effect of smoking was not evident. No increased risk was found for
      obesity or for heavy physical work. Regarding causation of ON, this study
      confirmed the consistent association with excessive alcohol intake and suggested
      the immediate untoward effects of smoking. The role of heavy physical work as a
      form of mechanical stress was not correlated with ON.

PMID- 3409565
TI  - Prevention of chymopapain anaphylaxis by screening chemonucleolysis candidates
      with cutaneous chymopapain testing.
AB  - With chymopapain at a concentration of 10 mg/ml, the authors skin tested 540
      chemonucleolysis candidates; six were positive, and 534 were negative. None of
      the positive patients received therapeutic injections of chymopapain. There were
      no instances of unequivocal anaphylaxis to chymopapain in the patients with
      negative skin tests treated with chymopapain. When this 0% incidence of systemic
      reactions in skin test negative patients is compared with the historical rate of
      1%, this difference is statistically significant (p less than 0.05). Restriction
      of chymopapain treatment to patients with negative prick tests can reduce the
      incidence of systemic reactions.

PMID- 3409566
TI  - Neuropathic arthropathy as a possible cause of failure of a whole joint
      allograft. A case report.
AB  - This report illustrates the fate of a whole joint allograft in a 23-year-old male
      with chondrosarcoma of the right hip. An extraarticular resection of the right
      proximal femur and surrounding pelvis was performed. Reconstruction was carried
      out with a fresh-frozen cadaveric allograft of articulated proximal femur and
      acetabulum with the capsule intact. Excellent union at the junction of host bone
      with the allograft was demonstrated roentgenographically 12 months later.
      Nineteen months after the operation, as weight bearing proceeded, sudden onset of
      instability of the joint occurred without pain. Collapse of the allograft with
      partial dissolution of the femoral head and acetabulum were observed
      roentgenographically. Reconstruction was achieved with a prosthetic implant. The
      roentgenographic and pathologic features of the allograft are suggestive of
      neuropathic arthropathy; however, the possibility of allograft rejection cannot
      be excluded but seems unlikely.

PMID- 3409567
TI  - Posterior cruciate condylar total knee arthroplasty. Five-year results.
AB  - A series of 189 consecutive posterior cruciate condylar total knee arthroplasties
      (TKAs) in 151 patients was reviewed. Of these, 18 patients died (22 knees), and
      two patients (three knees) were lost to follow-up study, leaving 164 knees in 131
      patients for evaluation at 5.3 +/- 0.8 years (mean +/- SD). Before surgery 91% of
      the patients experienced moderate to severe pain with weight bearing, whereas 6%
      had such pain at five years. The average motion was -5 degrees -107 degrees
      before surgery and -1 degrees -101 degrees at last examination. The percentage of
      patients who could walk more than six blocks (600 m) increased from 9%
      preoperatively to 61% at last examination. The percentage of patients who could
      independently climb stairs increased from 37% preoperatively to 69% at last
      examination. Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) scores improved an average of 29
      points, from 57 preoperatively (poor) to 86 (excellent) at last examination.
      Complications included an overall reoperation rate of 3.7% (seven knees), with a
      revision rate of 1.6% (three knees). Lucent lines greater than or equal to 1 mm
      at five years were present in 6% of knees and progressed in 3%. Overall, the
      results after posterior cruciate-sparing TKAs were excellent, with few
      complications.

PMID- 3409568
TI  - Blood loss with total knee arthroplasty.
AB  - A substantial drop in blood volume occurs in patients being treated by total knee
      arthroplasty (TKA). Of 140 TKAs (108 patients) studied to analyze this blood
      loss, 70 required transfusion and 70 did not. The average transfusion was 2.6
      units per arthroplasty. Blood loss in the nontransfused group was 1.8 units per
      arthroplasty. The overall mean blood loss was 2.2 units per TKA. Insertion of a
      constrained TKA resulted in a statistically significant increase in blood loss.
      Preoperative diagnosis, anesthetic technique, revision arthroplasty,
      patellofemoral arthroplasty, and tourniquet technique did not statistically
      affect the blood loss. The bulk of the blood loss is collected postoperatively in
      the suction drainage system.

PMID- 3409569
TI  - Pseudoaneurysm of the popliteal artery with an unusual arteriographic
      presentation. A case report.
AB  - Pseudoaneurysms caused by osteochondromas during the second decade of life are
      well known. Arteriography is generally helpful in the diagnosis of a false
      aneurysm. In a 30-year-old man, the case was unique in that the arteriogram
      failed to show the aneurysm at all. Physical examination revealed yellow
      discoloration and tiny hemangiomas of the skin over the fossa poplitea. More
      emphasis should be placed on the physical examination and less on the arteriogram
      in making a correct diagnosis.

PMID- 3409570
TI  - Treatment of chondromalacia patellae by lateral retinacular release of the
      patella.
AB  - A series of 59 knees in 58 patients were surgically treated from 1977 to 1982 for
      chondromalacia patellae, and were followed for an average of 1.2 to 4.6 years
      after the operation. The operative procedure was open lateral retinacular release
      in all knees. In knees with recurrent patellar subluxation, the number of poor
      results increased from 24% to 70%, and in knees with no subluxation from 21% to
      24%. The difference after 4.6 years was statistically significant. No correlation
      between the severity or location of the cartilage changes and the operative
      effect was found. Open lateral retinacular release is an acceptable treatment of
      chondromalacia patellae without subluxation of the patella, whereas in the
      presence of recurrent subluxation, the release does not correct the basic
      biomechanical disturbance.

PMID- 3409571
TI  - Degenerative arthritis of the knee secondary to fracture malunion.
AB  - Degenerative arthritis of the knee is a complication of femoral or tibial
      fractures potentially avoidable by the correction of various degrees of
      malalignment. To better clarify the malalignment problem, the records of 14
      patients (15 limbs), with degenerative arthritis of the knee and a history of
      tibial or femoral fracture were retrospectively reviewed. The average follow-up
      was 31.7 years. Static biomechanical frontal plane analyses were evaluated. The
      calculated increased force on either the medial or lateral tibial plateau, due to
      the malunion, was strongly associated with presence of a varus or valgus
      deformity at the knee (p less than 0.0005). A normal tibial plateau force for the
      malaligned condition multiplied by the time since fracture correlated directly
      with the amount of subsequent varus or valgus deformity at the knee (p less than
      0.01). Lower limb fracture alignment should be restored to as near normal as
      possible to reduce the likelihood of gonarthrosis.

PMID- 3409572
TI  - Desmoplastic fibroma of the axis. A case report.
AB  - Desmoplastic fibroma of the bone appears in a wide variety of bones but rarely
      involves the spine. A 24-year-old male with desmoplastic fibroma of the axis
      treated by complete resection and posterior spinal fusion is reported. There was
      no recurrence of the tumor three years after surgery. Complete resection and
      reconstructive surgery for spinal instability are recommended for this benign
      spinal tumor.

PMID- 3409573
TI  - Isolated chondral fractures of the knee.
AB  - Eighteen patients with isolated chondral fractures of the knee were reviewed to
      reevaluate the clinical signs and symptoms. No other conditions had been present
      to account for the symptoms. Most of the patients had significant injuries often
      involving a flexed knee. All patients had had symptoms and physical findings
      strongly suggestive of meniscal abnormality. Roentgenographic examinations were
      noncontributory. The lesions occurred in four distinct patterns. All were full
      thickness. Many of the lesions occurred on the posterior aspect of a femoral
      condyle, a location where they could be easily overlooked if the condyle were not
      examined with the knee in extreme flexion. Abutment of the tibial spine against
      the medial femoral condyle may be one cause of these injuries. The incidence of
      isolated chondral fractures was found to be higher than previously reported. A
      negative arthroscopic meniscal examination in a patient with symptoms and
      physical findings suggestive of meniscal abnormality should alert the physician
      to the possibility of an isolated chondral fracture.

PMID- 3409574
TI  - Modified technique for tibial tubercle elevation with realignment for
      patellofemoral pain. A preliminary report.
AB  - Malalignment of the quadriceps mechanism was corrected and the tibial tuberosity
      elevated in 17 knees in 16 patients without the use of a free bone graft. The
      indications for operation were patellofemoral pain unresponsive to conservative
      treatment, recurrent subluxation or dislocation of the patella, and patients who
      had had a previous patellectomy with subsequent lateral subluxation of the
      patella tendon associated with pain. A bone block including the attachment of the
      patellar tendon is transposed medially to correct the quadriceps angle (Q-angle),
      elevate the tibial tuberosity, and thereby decrease patellofemoral pressure. A
      prerequisite for this procedure is a Q-angle of 20 degrees or more. The average
      age of the patients was 29 years. The follow-up period was one to four years.
      Eighty-five percent of the patients had an excellent or good result. The only
      complication was a stress fracture, which developed in one bone block.

PMID- 3409575
TI  - Coccidioidomycosis of the knee with a 26-year follow-up evaluation. A case
      report.
AB  - A case of coccidioidomycosis of the knee caused by the fungus Coccidioides
      immitis demonstrates the chronicity of this disease as well as the disability
      incurred. The patient was completely asymptomatic for 11 years after initial
      treatment but developed progressive joint destruction, disabling pain, and loss
      of function. The nature of fungal infections in bone and joint necessitates long
      term follow-up evaluation, even with adequate surgical debridement and medical
      therapy.

PMID- 3409576
TI  - Epidemiology of diaphyseal and distal femoral fractures in Rochester, Minnesota,
      1965-1984.
AB  - Over the 20-year period from 1965 to 1984, 370 residents of Rochester, Minnesota
      experienced 402 femoral fractures exclusive of the hip, giving an overall
      incidence rate of 37.1 per 100,000 person-years (95% confidence interval, 33.4
      40.8). Of these, 54 were subtrochanteric and 210 were diaphyseal, while 123
      involved the distal femur and 15 were at unspecified femoral sites. Fifty-eight
      percent of these fractures were caused by severe trauma. The incidence of femoral
      fractures due to severe trauma was greatest in young patients, especially for
      diaphyseal fractures, and showed a male excess. One-third of the fractures were
      associated with moderate trauma and were responsible for the rising incidence
      rates with age at all three fracture sites. These increases were greater in
      women. Eighty percent of patients 35 years of age or older with fractures due to
      moderate trauma had prior evidence of generalized osteopenia or a condition
      likely to cause localized osteopenia in the fractured femur. These data confirmed
      similar findings from Sweden, providing evidence for a relationship between
      osteoporosis and femoral fractures distal to the hip.

PMID- 3409577
TI  - Custom titanium plating for failed nonunion or delayed internal fixation of
      femoral fractures.
AB  - Eight patients with either failed internal fixation of nonunions of the femur
      (six) or delayed treatment of extensively comminuted femoral fractures (two) were
      treated with customized titanium plates for internal fixation. All eight patients
      had fixation problems that surpassed treatment by intramedullary nailing or
      standard plate osteosynthesis. Custom titanium plates were individually designed
      from roentgenograms and/or computed axial tomographic (CAT) scans. Plate
      dimensions were altered to increase strength, height, length, and placement of
      screw holes to enhance stabilization of the individual femoral anatomy. At an
      average follow-up period of 33 months, all fractures united; there were no
      complications, including fatigue or loosening of the custom implants. The
      implants were well tolerated and provided excellent fixation of difficult
      fracture problems.

PMID- 3409578
TI  - Brodie's abscess. A long-term review.
AB  - In 20 patients with 21 Brodie's abscesses, a long-term review revealed that 13
      occurred in the second decade of life. All had local symptoms for six weeks or
      more. The tibia was involved in 11 cases and seven of these were in the proximal
      metaphysis. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was elevated in only six
      cases. When the ESR was more than 40 mm per hour, recurrence was more likely.
      Staphylococcus aureus was cultured from 11 abscesses. Curettage and antibiotics
      for six weeks were adequate for treatment in most cases. However, lesions larger
      than 3 cm in diameter should be grafted, and patients with an elevated ESR
      require more aggressive decompression and prolonged antibiotic therapy. Lesions
      within the neck of the femur pose particular anatomic problems and should not be
      approached laterally. All cases were followed to full bone maturity. No
      significant leg length inequality was clinically or roentgenologically apparent.
      If an abscess was juxtaphyseal, deformity of the epiphysis could develop.

PMID- 3409579
TI  - An epiphyseal giant cell tumor associated with early Paget's disease. A case
      report.
AB  - An epiphyseal giant cell tumor occurred in a 50-year-old woman in the absence of
      roentgenographic signs of Paget's disease adjacent to the tumor area. Only one
      case with similar features has been previously reported. Treatment increased bone
      remodeling changes in the whole femur. Two years later the high bone turnover of
      the femur was arrested. This case suggests that a giant cell tumor of the
      epiphysis developed in an early phase of Paget's disease.

PMID- 3409580
TI  - Pathophysiology of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.
AB  - The etiology of the foot deformity in patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease
      has not previously been discussed in relation to the extrinsic muscle function
      around the foot and ankle. Eight adult patients with a strong familial history
      were evaluated, and their foot findings were remarkably similar. All demonstrated
      a marked cavus deformity that was secondary to a forefoot equinus associated with
      contracture of the plantar fascia and a varus deformity of the calcaneus. The
      muscle function demonstrated marked weakness of the tibialis anterior and
      peroneus brevis muscles, whereas the peroneus longus and posterior calf muscles
      were rated as good to normal. Based on the relative strengths of these muscles
      and the progression of weakness, the authors hypothesize that the deformity
      observed in patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease is secondary to the
      weakness of the tibialis anterior, peroneus brevis, and the intrinsic muscles,
      with their natural antagonists, the peroneus longus and the tibialis posterior
      muscles causing most of the deformity noted in these adult patients.

PMID- 3409581
TI  - On geographical variations in the normal range of joint motion.
AB  - Fifty Saudi Arabian men 30 to 40 years of age without present or previous history
      of injury or disease related to the lower extremities were randomly selected for
      measurement of the range of motion in the basic planes of hip, knee, and ankle
      joint. The results were compared to a similar study from Scandinavia. There was a
      highly significant difference in external rotation of the hip, flexion of the
      knee, and dorsiflexion of the ankle. Cultural differences in the activities of
      daily life are suggested to explain the differences in the range of motion.

PMID- 3409582
TI  - Response of the mouse femoral muscle to an implant of a composite of bone
      morphogenetic protein and plaster of Paris.
AB  - A composite consisting of 1 mg of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and 5 mg of
      plaster of Paris (PLP) was implanted into the mouse femoral muscle. Control PLP
      without BMP was implanted into the contralateral muscle. The BMP/PLP composite
      induced cartilage formation within two weeks, trabecular bone within three weeks,
      and lamellar bone including bone marrow within six weeks. PLP did not disturb BMP
      induced bone formation. In addition, the BMP/PLP composite was resorbed early
      after implantation. These results suggest that PLP composite system is one of the
      most suitable BMP delivery systems currently available.

PMID- 3409583
TI  - Ectopic bone induction on and in porous hydroxyapatite combined with collagen and
      bone morphogenetic protein.
AB  - Porous hydroxyapatite (HA-P) discs (5 mm in diameter; 1.5 mm thick; porosity,
      80%; mean pore size, 200 micron) were impregnated with purified bovine skin
      collagen (1 mg/disc) and a small amount of semipurified bone morphogenetic
      protein (BMP) of sarcoma origin (100 micrograms/disc) and implanted into dorsal
      muscles of ddY mice. Within one week new ectopic cartilagenous tissue was
      consistently formed on the surface of the discs adjacent to the host tissue. The
      cartilage was resorbed and replaced by normal bone containing hematopoietic bone
      marrow four weeks after implantation and the discs became encased in the newly
      formed bone. HA-P discs impregnated with only collagen (HA-P/collagen) or only
      BMP (100 micrograms/disc; HA-P/BMP) did not evoke formation of new cartilage or
      bone. These results indicate that collagen is effective as a carrier of BMP for
      expression of the biologic activity of the latter in vivo and that it may be of
      practical use as a carrier of BMP with synthetic biomaterials.

PMID- 3409584
TI  - Growth of two types of cartilage after implantation of free autogeneic
      perichondrial grafts.
AB  - The perichondrium of adult rats was dissected from the posterior side of the ear
      where a plane of separation can be easily found between the superficial
      chondrocytes and the rest of the cartilage. When pulled off, the perichondrium
      brings with it a cartilaginous strip adhered to its inner layer, with the
      detachment surface showing projections of broken capsular matrix (PBCM). The
      perichondrium and subperichondrial cartilage were then transferred as autogeneic
      grafts to preformed muscle pockets of the abdominal wall and to everted vein
      chambers placed free in the iliac blood flow. During a period of one to 12 days,
      chondrogenesis was studied in the grafts and in the graft bed areas next to
      subperichondrial cartilage. When the perichondrium was placed into a muscular
      pouch, wherein perichondrocytes survived and a prominent vascular ingrowth in the
      graft bed was observed, the presence of two types of newly formed cartilage was
      demonstrated (Types I and II). These types showed differences in their location,
      time of appearance, and microscopic characteristics. Type I neocartilage appeared
      in the inner layer of the perichondrium on the third or fourth day after
      grafting; at this time the cells, surrounded by a well-defined capsular matrix,
      were large, darkly stained, and highly electron dense. Type II neocartilage,
      separated from Type I by the PBCM, appeared in the graft bed area located within
      perichondrial folds on the sixth or seventh day after implantation. Their cells
      showed a poorly defined capsular matrix and were smaller, lighter stained, and
      less electron dense than those of Type I. When the perichondrium was transplanted
      to everted vein chambers placed in the iliac blood flow, wherein perichondrocytes
      survived and vascular ingrowth from the graft bed was not present, Type I
      neocartilage was formed but Type II was not. The morphologic and
      histoautoradiographic findings in these studies suggest that Type I cells come
      from perichondrocytes of the inner perichondrial layer, whereas Type II cells
      originate from the undifferentiated perivascular mesenchymal cells of the graft
      bed.

PMID- 3409585
TI  - Inferior acromioclavicular separation. Report of an unusual case.
AB  - An inferior acromioclavicular separation occurred in a 33-year-old man. Diagnosis
      was based on plain roentgenograms and a computed axial tomographic scan. There
      were no fractures and no vascular or nerve damage. Open reduction was performed
      48 hours after injury followed by tension wire fixation of the acromioclavicular
      joint and repair of torn ligaments. Clinical outcome four months after injury was
      perfect.

PMID- 3409586
TI  - Bonding behavior of three types of hydroxyapatite with different sintering
      temperatures implanted in bone.
AB  - The present study suggests that bonding does not vary in hydroxyapatite (HA) with
      different sintering temperatures implanted in bone tissue. The apparent
      unimportance of strict temperature regulation greatly simplifies HA processing.
      Three samples of HA (15 mm x 10 mm x 2 mm, abraded with 2000 alumina powder), of
      which sintering temperatures and microporosity were 800 degrees (45%), 1000
      degrees (4.8%), and 1200 degrees (0.4%), respectively, were prepared. They were
      implanted into the metaphysis of tibia of mature male rabbits. Segments of the
      tibia containing the HA were excised and prepared for the detaching test. The
      failure load, when an implant detached from the bone or the bone broke, was then
      measured. Failure loads in HA (800 degrees), HA (1000 degrees), and HA (1200
      degrees) ten weeks after implantation did not differ. Those in HA (800 degrees),
      HA (1000 degrees), and HA (1200 degrees) 25 weeks after implantation were 2.58 +/
      1.88 kg, 6.46 +/- 1.43 kg, and 6.50 +/- 2.71 kg, respectively. The failure load
      in HA (800 degrees) versus HA (1200 degrees) and that in HA (800 degrees) versus
      HA (1000 degrees) differed significantly (p less than 0.05). The lower failure
      load of HA (800 degrees) 25 weeks after implantation can be explained by its
      weakened mechanical strength due to high porosity. Bonding between bone tissue
      and three types of HA did not vary as observed by contact microradiography,
      Giemsa surface staining, and scanning electron microanalyzer-energy dispersive X
      ray microanalyzer.

PMID- 3409587
TI  - Maturation of composite ligament.
AB  - A variety of synthetic fibrillar ligaments are being developed and clinically
      investigated. The tissue response to the variety of polymeric fibrils is similar.
      The soft-tissue response to carbon fiber braid substituting for lateral
      collateral ligament in three human knees and for the anterior cruciate ligament
      in one was examined 12-42 months after surgery. An advanced stage of maturity of
      the composite structure was particularly evident by dense bundles of collagen in
      one of the collateral ligaments and in the substitute for the anterior cruciate
      ligament. Associated with the newly formed collagen the carbon fibril initially
      formed unique carbon collagen of composite structural units. Eventually,
      subsidence of the fibroblast response was accompanied by an increase in density
      and width of the collagen fibers and by a loss of the configuration of the carbon
      collagen units. Even the mature collagenous structure was not comparable to the
      natural ligament.

PMID- 3409588
TI  - Changes in serum myoglobin levels caused by tourniquet ischemia under
      normothermic and hypothermic conditions.
AB  - Serum myoglobin levels have been found to be elevated for a few hours after
      removal of a tourniquet. In the present study, levels of serum myoglobin were
      measured by radioimmunoassay from local blood samples in patients who were
      treated with surgery of the hand in a bloodless field. After removal of the
      tourniquet blood samples were obtained from the antecubital vein of each patient
      immediately after release, five minutes, one hour, and 24 hours later. In these
      samples the serum myoglobin levels were not influenced by the mode of anesthesia,
      tourniquet time, or specific type of surgery. When the upper extremity was cooled
      with ice water before application of the tourniquet, however, the increase of
      serum myoglobin was statistically significantly inhibited when compared with the
      normothermic condition. Muscle injury due to tourniquet ischemia may be decreased
      by cooling of the upper extremity prior to tourniquet application.

PMID- 3409589
TI  - Growth of the rabbit deltoid ligament.
AB  - To determine the longitudinal growth pattern of ligaments, the rabbit deltoid
      ligament was selected for study to eliminate the confounding issue of underlying
      physeal growth seen in studies of the medial collateral ligament. Using a
      surgical microscope, marking sutures dividing the ligament into quarters were
      placed in the deltoid ligaments of five-week-old New Zealand white rabbits. Ten
      weeks later the animals were killed, the intervals remeasured, and percent of
      enlargement was calculated for each interval. The range of enlargement was 33%
      37%, indicating relatively uniform growth throughout the ligament, with no
      detectable ligament growth plate or growth center.

PMID- 3409590
TI  - Femoral cement removal in revision total hip arthroplasty: a biomechanical
      analysis.

PMID- 3409591
TI  - Flexibility and the callus formula.

PMID- 3409592
TI  - Osteotomy of the patella.

PMID- 3409593
TI  - Bilateral suprascapular nerve entrapment syndrome due to an anomalous transverse
      scapular ligament.
AB  - A rare case is reported of a young woman who suffered from suprascapular nerve
      entrapment syndrome (SNES) of the right side and two years later developed the
      same syndrome on the left. At the first operation an anomalous bifid transverse
      ligament was found and cut. The combination of pressure effect from the
      congenital defect together with frequent protraction of the shoulder due to her
      work as a physical education teacher caused triggering of the SNES. The clinical
      course, electromyographic findings, and differential diagnosis are reported.
      Cutting of the anomalous ligament on both sides brought relief from pain,
      weakness, and atrophy of the shoulder muscles, enabling the patient to return to
      work.

PMID- 3409594
TI  - Treatment of the septic hip with total hip arthroplasty.

PMID- 3409595
TI  - Effects of a static magnetic field on fracture healing.

PMID- 3409596
TI  - Rupture of the distal insertion of the biceps brachii tendon.
AB  - Rupture of the distal insertion of the biceps brachii tendon is a rare injury.
      There has been no unanimity in the literature concerning the best method of
      repair. Between March 1981 and July 1984, 14 ruptures (12 acute and two late)
      were repaired using a modification of the Boyd-Anderson technique. Cybex testing
      of the elbow flexion by applying an eccentric load demonstrated that strength and
      endurance in the repaired dominant arm were roughly equal to the noninjured,
      nondominant arm, but that strength and endurance of the repaired nondominant arm
      were only 64% and 50%, respectively, of the noninjured dominant arm. Surgical
      repair is a safe procedure that yields consistently good results.

PMID- 3409597
TI  - High radial nerve palsy following strenuous muscular activity. A case report.
AB  - A case of high radial nerve palsy occurred following muscular overexertion in a
      20-year-old man. Late surgical exploration showed a nerve constricture from the
      lateral head of the triceps. A literature review showed that entrapment of the
      radial nerve following muscular overexertion can occur from a fibrous arch coming
      from the lateral head of the triceps or by the lateral head of the triceps
      muscle. The neuropathy can be irreversible, and early recognition of this
      syndrome is mandatory so that surgical decompression can be considered before
      permanent nerve damage occurs.

PMID- 3409598
TI  - Strength function after elbow arthroplasty.
AB  - A prospective study of elbow strength after total elbow joint arthroplasty was
      conducted in 27 patients (31 procedures). In this overall group, flexion strength
      improved 92%, pronation, 63%, and supination, 69%. Grip strength improved 35%,
      but there was no mean improvement in extension strength among these patients.
      After 27 procedures for rheumatoid arthritis, the average strength improvement of
      all five functions was 71% compared to a 25% improvement in four patients with
      nonrheumatoid involvement. Placement of the prosthetic axis of rotation proximal
      or anterior to the normal axis was associated with consistently poorer strength.
      The sample was too small to distinguish performance among prosthetic types, but
      the triceps-sparing approach showed consistently better strength in extension
      (averaging 20%) than did the other exposures.

PMID- 3409599
TI  - Nutritional deficiencies after staged anterior and posterior spinal
      reconstructive surgery.
AB  - The nutritional status was analyzed in 37 patients being treated with staged
      anterior and posterior spinal reconstructive procedures. Using stringent criteria
      for nutritional and immunologic incompetency, 31 patients (84%) became
      malnourished during hospitalization. Although the serum albumin on admission had
      been normal for all patients, it became significantly depressed in 77% following
      anterior and posterior spinal procedures. In a similar fashion, the total
      lymphocyte count became significantly depressed in 92%. The postoperative
      complications were clearly more extensive in patients who were malnourished and
      immune-deficient using these criteria--15 patients with urinary tract infections,
      four patients with bacterial sepsis, four patients with wound infections, and
      four patients with pneumonia (vs. one with a wound infection in the adequately
      nourished group). The length of hospitalization following the second operative
      procedure was significantly longer in the malnourished group: 16.2 days versus
      12.4 days (p less than 0.05). The main purpose of this study is to create
      awareness of the ongoing nutritional demands placed on patients treated by two
      stage spinal reconstruction surgical procedures. More aggressive nutritional
      intervention can reduce postoperative complications and length of hospital stay
      and improve the speed of functional recovery.

PMID- 3409600
TI  - Adhesive capsulitis of the wrist. Diagnosis and treatment.
AB  - Adhesive capsulitis occurs as a pathologic entity in the shoulder, hip, and ankle
      joints. Thickening and contracture of the wrist joint capsule were demonstrated
      on arthrograms performed on ten patients ranging in age from 20 to 82 years. The
      patients had pain and limited range of motion in the wrist. The findings
      included: (1) resistance to the injection of smaller than normal volumes of
      contrast material, (2) obliteration of recesses, and (3) extravasation of the
      contrast agent along the needle tract. Closed manipulation under general
      anesthesia of the wrist on four patients resulted in some improvement in range of
      motion. A distal ulna fracture in one older patient occurred as a complication of
      manipulation. Careful technique and judicious patient selection are of paramount
      importance.

PMID- 3409601
TI  - Irreducible fracture-dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint secondary to
      entrapment of the extensor carpi ulnaris tendon.
AB  - Entrapment of the extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU) tendon between the ulnar head and
      the sigmoid notch of the radius occurred in a 12-year-old boy. This led to an
      irreducible dorsal dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ). Irreducible
      DRUJ dislocations are uncommon, and the entrapped ECU has not been previously
      described in a skeletally immature patient. The physical and roentgenographic
      findings of a dorsally displaced ulna, a widened DRUJ, and the inability to
      obtain a closed reduction should alert the examiner to the need for exploration.
      A dorsal exposure is required to free the ECU and reconstruct the triangular
      fibrocartilage complex.

PMID- 3409602
TI  - Radial head fractures with acute distal radioulnar dislocation. Essex-Lopresti
      revisited.
AB  - Seven adults with displaced radial head fractures had concurrent dislocation of
      the distal radioulnar joint. Because support of the radius was lost at both the
      elbow and wrist, proximal migration of the radius from 5 to 10 mm occurred.
      Different types of fractures were classified to designate the best method of
      restoring radial length to prevent chronic wrist pain and stiffness. Type I
      fractures had large displaced radial head fragments with minimal or no
      comminution and amenable to interfragmentary fixation. Type II fractures had
      severe comminution requiring radial head excision and prosthetic replacement.
      Type III were old injuries with irreducible proximal migration of the radius
      managed by ulnar shortening and radial head prosthetic replacement. There were
      three Type I, two Type II, and two Type III fractures. Results of treatment were
      graded as 3, excellent; 2, good; 1, fair; and 1, poor. The three excellent
      results were in patients in which restoration of radial length was achieved
      within one week of injury. Suboptimal results occurred in the remaining four
      patients when definitive surgery was delayed four to ten weeks. The poor result
      was in a patient treated only by radial head excision and who refused further
      surgery. Recommendations include meticulous clinical and roentgenographic
      examination of the distal radioulnar joint in all patients with displaced radial
      head fractures. Preservation of the radial head with anatomic reduction and rigid
      internal fixation is preferred, but radial head replacement may be necessary in
      cases with extensive comminution. Radial head excision alone, though
      contraindicated, may be restructured by ulnar shortening and radial head
      prosthetic replacement.

PMID- 3409603
TI  - Galeazzi injury with an associated fracture of the radial head.
AB  - A 36-year-old man sustained an injury that was a combination of Essex-Lopresti
      and Galeazzi fractures. His injuries consisted of a distal radial shaft fracture,
      a radial head fracture, and disruption of the distal radioulnar joint. These
      injuries are uncommon and this combination seems not to have been reported. The
      mechanism of the causative forces and the position of the forearm on impact is
      different in each of these injuries. These differences may explain the rarity of
      the combination.

PMID- 3409604
TI  - Divergent pediatric elbow dislocation. A case report.
AB  - A six-year-old boy with divergent elbow dislocation is reported, emphasizing the
      rarity of this condition. A literature review revealed only three
      roentgenographically documented divergent elbow dislocations in the pediatric age
      group. Reduction is usually accomplished with ease; however, a full range of
      elbow motion and forearm rotation must be obtained to ensure complete reduction
      of the radiohumeral joint.

PMID- 3409605
TI  - Experimental acetabular dysplasia associated with a lesion of iliopubic limb of
      the triradiate cartilage.
AB  - An experimental lesion was created in the iliopubic limb of the triradiate
      cartilage in young Wistar rats with the object of studying the role of this
      structure in the development of hip joint disorders. Roentgenographic,
      functional, morphologic, and morphometric results were evaluated during the
      following 12 weeks. Acetabular dysplasia, dislocation, or subluxation of the hip,
      deformities of the acetabulum and the femoral head, and bending and hypoplasia of
      the innominate bone were the most significant findings. It is concluded that a
      lesion of the iliopubic limb of the triradiate cartilage may be a cause of severe
      hip joint disorders such as acetabular dysplasia, subluxation, and dislocation.

PMID- 3409606
TI  - Unrecognized pin penetration in slipped capital femoral epiphysis.
AB  - There are at least nine different techniques recommended to lower the incidence
      of femoral head penetration by fixation pins in the pinning of slipped capital
      femoral epiphyses. The routine use of fluoroscopy and placement of the fixation
      pins no closer than 8 mm (or one-third the radius of the femoral head) from the
      subchondral bone will leave a safe, workable margin. Confirmation of subchondral
      location after the procedure can be done with fluoroscopy. With the leg in
      maximal internal rotation, the fluoroscopic unit is rotated from anteroposterior
      (AP) to lateral under continuous monitoring to detect anterolateral and
      posteromedial quadrant penetrations. With the fluoroscopic unit in the lateral
      position, the foot is externally rotated 90 degrees, again under continuous
      monitoring, to visualize the anteromedial and posterolateral quadrants. If the
      femoral head cannot be well-visualized in the lateral view, use of a lateral x
      ray machine and AP fluoroscopy can be helpful. Another useful technique when the
      head cannot be well-visualized is the injection of contrast medium through a
      cannulated screw.

PMID- 3409607
TI  - Histologic analysis of retrieved human porous-coated total joint components.
AB  - A histologic and microradiographic analysis was performed on 90 retrieved human
      noncemented porous-coated total joint implants recovered from 58 patients. The
      specimens included 62 total knee components from 34 patients and 28 total hip
      components from 24 patients. All components were inserted without the use of bone
      cement, and in no case was the retrieved component removed due to clinically or
      roentgenographically apparent loosening. Approximately 92% of the total knee
      components and 93% of the total hip components had been in situ at least six
      weeks; 70% of the knee components and more than 50% of the hip components had
      been functional for at least nine months. The histologic sections and
      microradiographs revealed varying amounts of bone growth into or in apposition to
      the porous coatings. In approximately one third of the components, no bone
      ingrowth or apposition was observed. No component had greater than 10% of the
      available porous material ingrown with bone. No relationship between the degree
      of bone ingrowth and the length of time in situ was noted. In all components, the
      majority of the porous coating contained fibrous tissue that in some cases
      displayed orientation indicating evidence of load transmission capability. The
      adherence of bony tissue at the time of removal, a positive roentgenographic
      evaluation, or a positive clinical presentation was not found to be a definite
      prognosticator of bone ingrowth. It appears that the combination of limited bone
      ingrowth and extensive fibrous tissue ingrowth is adequate for implant fixation.

PMID- 3409608
TI  - [The clinical course of hepato-cerebral degeneration due to portal-systemic
      shunt, as examined by constructional ability of plane and cube].

PMID- 3409609
TI  - [On the mechanism of symptomatic development in syringomyelobulbia].

PMID- 3409610
TI  - [Hepatic encephalopathy due to a congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunt].

PMID- 3409611
TI  - [An electrophysiological study on spinobulbospinal reflex in three brainstem
      stroke patients].

PMID- 3409612
TI  - [A case of congenital myopathy with type 2 fiber hypotrophy].

PMID- 3409613
TI  - [Sarcoidosis presenting sole muscle weakness of inferior rectus--a case report].

PMID- 3409614
TI  - [A morphometric study of spinal pyramidal tracts, anterior horn cells and ventral
      roots in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Shy-Drager syndrome--size-dependent
      vulnerability in motor efferents].

PMID- 3409615
TI  - [The magnetic resonance imaging and X ray CT in familial intracranial
      calcification].

PMID- 3409616
TI  - [The significance of opaque fibers in Duchenne muscular dystrophy].

PMID- 3409617
TI  - [A case of high cervical intramedullary hemangioblastoma associated with
      arteriovenous fistula--CT with simultaneous intravenous and intrathecal injection
      of contrast medium].

PMID- 3409618
TI  - [A case of subacute cerebellar degeneration associated with pleocytosis and
      cerebellar swelling shown in computed tomography scanning].

PMID- 3409619
TI  - [Beneficial effects of plasma exchange in acute Guillain-Barre syndrome:
      comparison with methylprednisolone pulse therapy].

PMID- 3409621
TI  - Tritiated dihydroxyphenylethylene glycol in plasma?

PMID- 3409620
TI  - Elevated protein requirements in cirrhosis of the liver investigated by whole
      body protein turnover studies.
AB  - 1. In patients with cirrhosis of the liver and in healthy control subjects, the
      rates of nitrogen flux, protein synthesis and protein breakdown were studied,
      using a single oral dose of 200 mg of [15N]glycine as a tracer. The nitrogen flux
      through the amino acid pool was measured separately with both urinary ammonia and
      urinary urea as end products; the average value was used for further
      calculations. 2. Subjects were studied in the fed state, both on an adequate and
      a protein-restricted diet, and also in the fasting state. 3. The rates of protein
      synthesis were markedly increased in the patients, not only in the fed but also
      in the fasting state. Protein breakdown rates were increased in the patients in
      the fed state. 4. The nitrogen balance in steady-state conditions in the fed
      state was more positive in the patients, while their nitrogen loss in the fasting
      state was no higher than that of control subjects. 5. A hypothesis is put forward
      that the high protein requirements of cirrhotic patients could be caused by small
      and inadequate liver glycogen stores; due to these small stores, gluconeogenesis
      from amino acids will take place and lead to an extra amino acid loss even during
      short-term fasting. This increased amino acid loss could explain the elevated
      protein requirements in cirrhotic patients.

PMID- 3409622
TI  - Pathogenesis of abnormal acid-base balance in the young spontaneously
      hypertensive rat.
AB  - 1. We have previously reported reduced blood pH and plasma bicarbonate in young
      Okamoto-Aoki spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) compared with normotensive
      Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). Acid loading with 1.5% (w/v) NH4Cl as the sole drinking
      fluid produced identical falls in blood pH, the difference remaining significant.
      2. The ability of SHR to excrete acid and alkaline loads was compared with that
      of WKY under metabolic cage conditions. The effects of such manipulations on
      urinary sodium, potassium, calcium and phosphate excretion were also determined.
      3. No difference was found in the ability to excrete an acid load or to reduce
      urine pH. Neither total urinary ammonium ion nor titratable acid differed
      significantly between the strains under either baseline or acid-loading
      conditions. 4. Baseline urinary bicarbonate excretion was not significantly
      different between strains but intraperitoneal administration of NaHCO3 at 2.0
      mmol/kg body weight resulted in enhanced excretion in the SHR (SHR vs WKY: 625.2
      +/- 71.5 vs 381.8 +/- 40.6 mumol 24 h-1 kg-1 body weight, P less than 0.01, mean
      +/- SEM). 5. No difference in urinary sodium or potassium excretion was observed
      between SHR and WKY, but basal calcium and phosphate excretion were reduced in
      SHR (P less than 0.05). 6. Increased urinary bicarbonate excretion in the
      presence of significantly reduced plasma bicarbonate suggests reduced tubular
      reabsorption of bicarbonate, which may contribute to the mild metabolic acidosis
      in young SHR.

PMID- 3409623
TI  - Failure of impedance plethysmography to follow exercise-induced changes in limb
      blood flow.
AB  - 1. The blood flow in the forearm and the calf of six healthy volunteers was
      measured at rest and after exercise by impedance plethysmography using pulsatile
      (QZp) and venous occlusion (QZocc) methods, and by venous occlusion strain gauge
      plethysmography (Qsg). 2. At rest, the impedance QZp method gave values slightly
      higher than those of Qsg. In the forearm, the ratio QZp to Qsg was 1.26 in the
      supine position and 1.97 in the upright sitting position. For the calf muscle,
      the ratios were 1.08 in the supine position and 1.23 in the upright position. 3.
      Immediately after exercise, Qsg increased from resting values of approximately 2
      4 ml min-1 100 ml-1 to mean values of 16-25 ml min-1 100 ml-1 in upright and
      supine arm or leg exercise. In contrast, the QZp values after exercise increased
      to only 3.1-4.6 ml min-1 100 ml-1. QZocc likewise failed to show increases in
      flow except in the supine leg exercise, where flow increased to 8.7 ml min-1 100
      ml-1. 4. In an additional subject, it was shown that electrode position had no
      significant effect on the QZp blood flow measurement after exercise. 5. The
      failure of QZp to accurately follow the change in Qsg with exercise was probably
      due in part to pulsatile venous outflow. In addition, changes in microvessel
      packed cell volume and shear rate may influence the observed QZp. It is concluded
      that impedance plethysmography is not valid for estimation of limb blood flow
      during reactive hyperaemia after exercise.

PMID- 3409625
TI  - Fluid homoeostasis during prolonged low-intensity walking on consecutive days.
AB  - 1. The effect on fluid homoeostasis of walking 37 km on each of 4 consecutive
      relatively cool days was studied in six male subjects. The daily exercise
      intensity was consistent and was equivalent to 17(1)% [mean (SE)] of maximum
      oxygen uptake for these subjects. 2. The diet during the study consisted of a
      mainly carbohydrate breakfast, consumed immediately before each day's exercise,
      and unrestricted access to a normal mixed diet after completion of each day's
      exercise. Water was allowed ad libitum during the walk. Food and fluid intake
      were recorded. 3. Body weight remained constant over the 4-day walk. The
      difference between total daily fluid intake and the corresponding 24 h urine
      output was 1684 (250) ml, 1621 (522) ml, 1107 (252) ml and 1406 (208) ml,
      respectively, on each of the 4 exercise days. 4. There was a calculated increase
      of 21.3(6.6)% in plasma volume over the 4-day walk; the largest daily change
      [11.3(2.9)%] occurred during the walk on day 1. The increase in plasma volume was
      maintained for at least 4 days after completion of the walk. 5. From day 2, serum
      sodium concentration tended to increase during the exercise period and fell to
      the pre-exercise concentration during the overnight rest periods. The
      concentration of the other measured serum constituents remained relatively
      constant, and serum osmolality did not alter over the study period.

PMID- 3409624
TI  - Biochemical studies of N-methyltransferase in human and guinea-pig lung: no
      apparent role in the pathogenesis of asthma.
AB  - 1. N-Methyltransferase activity was measured in surgical specimens of human lung
      using phenylethanolamine as substrate. Thirty-three male and seven female
      patients, age range 19-78 (median 62.5) years were studied. The activity in lung
      homogenates was 0.59 x 10(-6) units/mg of protein (SEM 0.03, n = 40), with a
      range of 0.16-1.16 x 10(-6) units/mg of protein. There was no difference (P =
      0.97) in activity between males and females. 2. Non-specific N-methyltransferase
      activity was estimated in 17 of the surgical specimens using beta
      phenylethylamine as substrate. This activity was 38.9% (SEM 5.3) of that with
      phenylethanolamine. Comparative studies with rabbit lung, which has a well
      characterized non-specific N-methyltransferase, showed significant differences in
      substrate specificity between the two species. 3. The apparent Km and Vmax for
      phenylethanolamine in seven human lung homogenates was 22.0 (SEM 4.6).mmol/l and
      1.82 x 10(-6) units/mg of protein (SEM 0.36). The noradrenaline N
      methyltransferase (NMT; EC 2.1.1.28) inhibitors SKF 64139-A and LY 134046 did not
      inhibit this activity up to a concentration of 100 mumol/l. This activity was
      inhibited 51.4% (SEM 8.6, n = 6) by 100 mumol/l S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.
      Immunohistochemistry did not reveal immunoreactive NMT in human lung sections. 4.
      Comparative studies with guinea-pig lung homogenates demonstrated non-specific N
      methyltransferase activity in this species which is similar to the human
      lung.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3409626
TI  - Intravenous morphine causes hypertension, hyperglycaemia and increases sympatho
      adrenal outflow in conscious rabbits.
AB  - 1. In conscious rabbits, intravenous morphine (3 mg/kg) caused hypertension,
      bradycardia, hyperglycaemia and sedation. These changes were accompanied by large
      increases in plasma adrenaline and smaller increases in plasma noradrenaline. 2.
      These effects of morphine were prevented by intravenous naloxone, demonstrating
      their dependence on stimulation of opiate receptors. 3. Pretreatment with the
      antihistamines cimetidine and chlorpheniramine enhanced the morphine-induced rise
      in blood pressure, excluding a role for histamine release in the hypertensive
      action of morphine. 4. The centrally acting alpha 2-adrenergic agonist clonidine
      prevented the morphine-induced hypertension and rise in plasma catecholamines,
      suggesting that these effects are exerted via central pathways. Clonidine alone
      reduced blood pressure and heart rate and produced hyperglycaemia. 5. alpha
      Adrenergic blockade with phenoxybenzamine reduced the increase in blood pressure
      after morphine, although the increase in plasma catecholamines was augmented. 6.
      Pentobarbitone anaesthesia prevented the morphine-induced cardiovascular changes,
      the increase in plasma catecholamines and the hyperglycaemia. 7. These findings
      indicate, that in conscious rabbits, morphine induces hypertension by stimulation
      of opiate receptors leading to increased sympatho-adrenal activity. The
      hyperglycaemia appears to be in response to secretion of adrenaline. These
      effects probably result from a central action of morphine.

PMID- 3409627
TI  - Rates of muscle protein synthesis in paraspinal muscles: lateral disparity in
      children with idiopathic scoliosis.
AB  - 1. The rate of paraspinal (multifidus) muscle protein synthesis was measured
      bilaterally at the top, apex and bottom of the thoracic curve in nine children
      with an idiopathic scoliosis, using the stable-isotope-labelled amino acid L-[1
      13C]leucine. 2. No significant difference was observed in rates of muscle protein
      synthesis between the two sides of the spine, at the levels of the first
      vertebrae in neutral alignment at the top and bottom of the curve. However, in
      every patient, at the apex of the spinal curve, synthesis was higher on the
      convexity than on the concavity (0.077 +/- 0.04 %/h convex, 0.052 +/- 0.02 %/h
      concave, mean +/- SD, P less than 0.01). 3. Muscle RNA activity (microgram of
      protein synthesized h-1 microgram-1 of RNA) was lower at the curve apices on the
      concave than the convex side (0.019 +/- 0.09 microgram h-1 microgram-1 convex
      apex, 0.016 +/- 0.06 microgram h-1 microgram-1 concave apex, P less than 0.05).
      Activities were similar on the two sides at the top and bottom of the curve. 4.
      Differences in muscle histology between the two sides were also observed only at
      the apex, with a lower type I fibre diameter (50.9 +/- 8.5 micron convex, 38.3 +/
      2.4 microns concave, P less than 0.05) and a lesser proportion of type I fibres
      (63 +/- 12% convex, 49 +/- 9% concave, P less than 0.05) on the concavity. 5. The
      results are consistent with effects on muscle protein turnover secondary to an
      increased muscle contractile activity on the curve convexity and functional
      immobilization of the muscle on the curve concavity.

PMID- 3409628
TI  - Effect of glucocorticoid treatment on glucose and glutamine metabolism by the
      small intestine of the rat.
AB  - 1. The effect of dexamethasone (30 micrograms day-1 100 g-1 body wt.) on the
      metabolism of glucose and glutamine was studied in the small intestine of rats
      after 9 days of treatment. 2. Dexamethasone treatment resulted in negative
      nitrogen balance (P less than 0.001), and produced increases in the
      concentrations of plasma glucose (22%, P less than 0.05), alanine (32%, P less
      than 0.001) and insulin (127%, P less than 0.001), but a decrease in the plasma
      concentration of glutamine (20%, P less than 0.05). 3. Portal-drained visceral
      blood flow increased by approximately 22% (P less than 0.001) in dexamethasone
      treated rats, and was accompanied by a decrease in the arterio-venous
      concentration difference of glucose (43%, P less than 0.001) and an increase in
      that of lactate (22%, P less than 0.05), glutamine (35%, P less than 0.01),
      glutamate (33%, P less than 0.01) and alanine (21%, P less than 0.05). 4.
      Enterocytes isolated from dexamethasone-treated rats showed decreased and
      increased rates of glucose and glutamine utilization, respectively. 5. The
      maximal activities of hexokinase, 6-phosphofructokinase, citrate synthase and
      oxoglutarate dehydrogenase were decreased (30-64%, P less than 0.001) in
      intestinal mucosal scrapings of dexamethasone-treated rats, whereas the activity
      of glutaminase was increased (35%, P less than 0.001). 6. It is concluded that
      glucocorticoid administration decreases the rate of glucose utilization but
      increases that of glutamine (both in vivo and in vitro) by the epithelial cells
      of the small intestine. This may be caused by changes in the maximal activities
      of key enzymes in the pathways of glucose and glutamine metabolism in these
      cells.

PMID- 3409629
TI  - Intestinal ion transport in rats with spontaneous arterial hypertension.
AB  - 1. Ion balance, intestinal ion transport in vivo with luminal Ringer, and direct
      voltage clamping in vivo with luminal Ringer and sodium-free choline-Ringer were
      studied in young (40 days old) and adult (120 days old) spontaneously
      hypertensive rats (SHR) and age-matched normotensive controls (Wistar-Kyoto rats,
      WKY). 2. Faecal sodium output was significantly higher in SHR compared with WKY
      in both young (+67%) and adult (+43%) rats. 3. Small-intestinal sodium absorption
      was equal in young SHR and WKY, but significantly greater net sodium absorption
      was found in the ileum of adult SHR. In contrast, net sodium absorption was
      reduced from the colon of both young and adult SHR. 4. In adult SHR, the colonic
      transepithelial short-circuit current (Isc) and the transepithelial potential
      difference (PD) were significantly higher, whereas the transepithelial membrane
      resistance (Rm) was significantly lower than in WKY. There was an identical drop
      in Isc in both strains when luminal sodium was replaced by choline. These data
      cannot be explained by increased electrogenic cation (sodium) absorption in the
      SHR, but would favour chloride secretion. 5. It is suggested that in SHR membrane
      electrolyte transport abnormalities may also be present in the epithelial cells
      of the small and large intestine, as have been demonstrated already in blood
      cells by several investigators. The SHR may become an interesting experimental
      animal model for the study of generalized ion transport disorders.

PMID- 3409630
TI  - Alterations in high-density lipoprotein subfractions during postprandial
      lipidaemia induced by fat with and without ethanol.
AB  - 1. Serum lipid and apolipoprotein levels, distribution and composition of high
      density lipoprotein (HDL) subfractions and lecithin:cholesterol acryltransferase
      activity were analysed in nine normolipidaemic subjects, in whom a
      hypertriglyceridaemic state was induced by the acute administration of ethanol
      (40 g) plus fat (70 g) or of fat only. 2. Triglyceride (TG) levels increased by
      180% 4-6 h after fat plus ethanol intake, the hypertriglyceridaemic response
      being inversely correlated with the basal HDL2 mass (r = -0.82). Serum
      apolipoprotein (apo) B levels rose by 8%, HDL-cholesterol decreased by 10% and
      HDL-TG increased by 57% at 6-8 h. 3. When ethanol was omitted, serum cholesterol
      and TG rose by 6% and 70%, respectively; both apo AI and apo B levels went up by
      8%, whereas HDL-cholesterol rose progressively (15%) at 12 h. 4. The flotation
      rates of both HDL2 and HDL3 increased, reaching a maximum 6-8 h after ethanol
      plus fat intake. These changes were due to an increase in TG and phospholipid
      contents, whereas cholesteryl esters and proteins decreased. 5. The alterations
      in HDL are attributable to the increase in TG-rich lipoproteins, to the
      stimulated cholesterol esterification (+15%) and to an enhanced transfer of newly
      formed cholesteryl esters to apo-B-containing lipoproteins in exchange for TG. 6.
      Changes in HDL properties were evident only when ethanol was given concomitantly
      with fat. 7. These findings suggest that in the postprandial phase lipoprotein
      changes may occur, which facilitate an improved removal of cholesterol from
      tissues.

PMID- 3409631
TI  - Fluoride therapy in osteoporosis: acute effects on parathyroid and mineral
      homoeostasis.
AB  - 1. Acute metabolic effects of sodium fluoride therapy were analysed among 41
      osteoporotic patients already receiving large calcium supplements, 33 of whom
      underwent simultaneous metabolic balance studies. 2. Mean serum calcium fell
      transiently within 24-48 h by 0.03 +/- 0.07 (SD) mmol/l (P less than 0.01) and
      phosphorus by 0.06 +/- 0.08 (SD) mmol/l (P less than 0.001). In a subgroup,
      ionized calcium fell and biologically active parathyroid hormone (bio-PTH) rose
      more than fivefold (P less than 0.01). Urine calcium rose after an insignificant
      fall. 3. Pretreatment calcium and phosphorus balances were significantly positive
      and did not change overall during the first 8 days of treatment. However, on
      analysing balances in two groups relative to serum changes, in patients whose
      serum levels changed least sodium fluoride increased faecal calcium (P less than
      0.025) and phosphorus (P less than 0.01) and reduced calcium balance (P less than
      0.01), giving a mean balance difference between the two groups of 2.1 mmol daily
      (P less than 0.001). 4. Very small changes in serum levels therefore indicate
      well-marked metabolic responses: sodium fluoride acutely stimulates bio-PTH
      activity and must also enhance mineral uptake from circulation into tissue(s). By
      separate and opposing action(s) it inhibits intestinal calcium and phosphorus
      absorption, predominantly in those whose serum levels remain stable. All these
      effects may be relevant to long-term therapeutic results.

PMID- 3409632
TI  - Sodium transport in the diseased human gallbladder and the effects of
      indomethacin.
AB  - 1. Sodium ion (Na+) transport, a principal function of the gallbladder
      epithelium, was studied by measuring the flux of 22Na across isolated, inflamed
      human gallbladder mucosa maintained in a modified 'Ussing' flux chamber. Tissue
      was obtained from cholecystectomy specimens in symptomatic patients with
      cholelithiasis. 2. In 30 gallbladders studied, 57% had a net Na+ flux from mucosa
      to serosa (Na+ absorption), while 23% had a net Na+ flux from serosa to mucosa
      (Na+ secretion). The remaining 20% showed no overall net Na+ flux. 3.
      Indomethacin added to the serosal fluid reversed the direction of net Na+ flux in
      secreting gallbladders and caused an absorption of Na+. In Na+-absorbing
      gallbladders, indomethacin caused a slight reduction in Na+ absorption. No change
      in Na+ flux was induced in gallbladders with no initial net Na+ flux. 4. These
      results demonstrate that instead of absorbing Na+, some inflamed human
      gallbladders may secrete Na+. As this secretion can be reversed to the more usual
      absorption by indomethacin, it is likely that this secretion is mediated by
      prostaglandins.

PMID- 3409633
TI  - Cardiovascular responses to stimulation of carotid baroreceptors in healthy
      subjects.
AB  - 1. Carotid baroreceptors were stimulated by application of a subatmospheric
      pressure to a chamber fitted round the anterior and lateral aspects of the
      subject's neck (neck suction). Pulse interval and heart rate were determined from
      an electrocardiogram, cardiac output by a single-breath method and arterial blood
      pressure by an automatic sphygmomanometer. 2. The maximal prolongation of the
      pulse interval, determined during held expiration, occurred within 2-3 s from the
      onset of the neck suction. All the measured variables were in steady states
      between 2 and 3 min from the start of neck suction. 3. Neck suction at -10 mmHg
      resulted only in an immediate change in pulse interval. All variables changed
      approximately linearly with the magnitude of the neck suction between -10 and -40
      mmHg. 4. The reproducibilities of the responses to neck suction at -30 mmHg,
      expressed as two standard deviations of the differences between responses on two
      occasions, were (mean responses in parentheses): immediate pulse interval, +/- 32
      (+236) ms; steady-state heart rate, +/- 2.5 (-6.5) beats/min; cardiac output +/-
      0.14 (-0.59) l/min; systolic and diastolic blood pressures, +/- 10.0 (-16.9) and
      +/- 5.4 (-10.1) mmHg, respectively. 5. Control values and responses to neck
      suction at -30 mmHg were compared in subjects grouped in four age bands between
      19 and 80 years. With increasing age, the control value of cardiac index (cardiac
      output divided by calculated body surface area) decreased, systolic and diastolic
      pressures increased, and the responses of all the measured variables to neck
      suction decreased.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3409634
TI  - Serum carnosinase activities in patients with alcoholic chronic skeletal muscle
      myopathy.
AB  - 1. Serum carnosinase activity was assayed in a group of alcoholic patients with
      and without histologically proven atrophy of type II skeletal muscle fibres, and
      in control subjects. No significant activity was detected in muscle biopsy
      samples or washed erythrocytes. 2. Serum carnosinase activity was significantly
      lower in chronic alcoholic patients compared with a group of age-matched
      controls. Alcoholics with abnormal muscle biopsies had significantly lower enzyme
      activities than either those patients with normal muscle biopsies or the
      controls. Serum enzyme activities in patients with normal muscle biopsies were
      not significantly different from controls. 3. Serum carnosinase activity was
      inversely correlated with the degree of muscle atrophy as measured by the type II
      fibre atrophy factor. There was a positive correlation between the enzyme
      activity and skeletal muscle mass as reflected by the creatinine-height index.
      Furthermore, the enzyme activity significantly increased, with resolution or
      improvement in the myopathy, in patients who abstained from alcohol. 4. Kinetic
      studies showed that the reduced carnosinase activity was due mainly to a decrease
      in the apparent Vmax. The apparent Km was significantly higher in the myopathic
      compared with non-myopathic alcoholics. Mixing serum from controls and patients
      with myopathy gave the expected values, indicating the absence of a serum enzyme
      inhibitory factor. Acute alcohol loading had no effect on the serum carnosinase
      activity. 5. The decrease in serum carnosinase activity in alcoholics was not
      related to the severity of their liver disease. Assays of serum carnosinase in
      chronic alcoholics, can thus be used as a marker of their associated myopathy.

PMID- 3409635
TI  - Calcium retention and increased vascular reactivity caused by a hypothalamic
      sodium transport inhibitor.
AB  - 1. Using a previously established method of isolating an active-sodium-transport
      inhibitor (ASTI) from hypothalamic cell culture medium, the inhibitor was
      isolated and partially purified from sequential passages through Sephadex G-25
      and h.p.l.c., and its effects on de-endothelialized rabbit aortic strips were
      investigated. 2. ASTI caused a cumulative concentration-dependent increase in
      tension which reversed slowly after wash, and the wash showed an identical effect
      on fresh strips. 3. Ouabain, used as a control, also caused a concentration
      dependent increase in tension which reached a plateau at a concentration of 10
      mmol/l. Both ouabain and ASTI caused a significant potentiation of the
      vasoconstrictor effect of noradrenaline at concentrations of 1 nmol/l-0.1 mmol/l.
      4. Both ASTI and ouabain caused a significantly greater (P less than 0.01)
      calcium retention than control medium in aortic strips. 5. Incubation of ASTI
      with prolidase, chymotrypsin and carboxypeptidase A destroyed the vasoconstrictor
      effects as well as its inhibitory effects on sodium, potassium-dependent
      adenosine triphosphatase and sodium efflux from erythrocytes, but leucine
      aminopeptidase was ineffective. 6. These studies suggest that hypothalamic cells
      in culture release a peptidic inhibitor of active sodium transport which
      increases vascular reactivity, potentiates vasoconstrictor effects of
      noradrenaline and causes calcium retention.

PMID- 3409636
TI  - Renal magnesium wasting and hypocalciuria in chronic cis-platinum nephropathy in
      man.
AB  - 1. The renal handling of calcium and magnesium was studied in six patients with
      persistent hypomagnesaemia after cis-platinum treatment for testicular tumours.
      2. In comparison with normal subjects, the patients showed hypomagnesaemia (mean
      0.54 mmol/l), which was associated with a normal urinary magnesium excretion
      (mean 4.83 mmol/24 h). Urinary calcium excretion was significantly lower in the
      patients than in the normal subjects (mean 2.05 vs 5.15 mmol/24 h, respectively;
      P less than 0.01), despite slightly higher total serum calcium levels (2.53 vs
      2.38 mmol/l, respectively; P less than 0.05). During magnesium chloride infusion,
      when serum magnesium levels were comparable in patients and controls, urinary
      calcium excretion remained lower in the patients, indicating that hypomagnesaemia
      was not the cause of the hypocalciuria. 3. Dietary magnesium supplementation
      resulted in a significant increase in the serum magnesium levels in the patients,
      while dietary magnesium deprivation resulted in a comparable decrease in urinary
      magnesium excretion in patients and controls (to 1.46 and 2.00 mmol/day,
      respectively), although the serum magnesium level fell further (to 0.46 mmol/l)
      in the patients. 4. The dissociation of renal calcium and magnesium excretion
      appears to be part of the intrinsic tubular defect caused by cis-platinum. This
      dissociation of urinary calcium and magnesium excretion, which resembles that
      seen in Bartter's syndrome, may result from a lesion in the distal convoluted
      tubule.

PMID- 3409637
TI  - Autonomic control of heart rate during dynamic exercise in human hyperthyroidism.
AB  - 1. The relative contribution of the sympathetic and parasympathetic components of
      the autonomic nervous system to the regulation of the chronotropic response to
      dynamic exercise was evaluated indirectly in nine patients with thyrotoxicosis
      and in seven normal volunteers. All subjects were women, with equivalent ages in
      both groups. Six of the nine patients with hyperthyroidism were reevaluated after
      clinical compensation of the disease with propylthiouracil. 2. Heart rate
      responses were evaluated during discontinuous dynamic effort maintained for 4 min
      on a bicycle ergometer at levels of 5, 15, 25 and 50 W, and also of 75 W in
      normal individuals. The study was also performed under conditions of sympathetic
      pharmacological blockade with propranolol (0.2 mg/kg body weight). 3. Even though
      the magnitude of the total increase in heart rate evoked by each level of dynamic
      exercise was equivalent in normal and hyperthyroid patients, the tachycardiac
      response occurring at the beginning of the exercise, which depends on a
      predominantly vagal mechanism, was substantially different from that observed
      after 30 s of effort, when sympathetic contribution becomes more important. The
      hyperthyroid patients showed considerably lower increases in heart rate than the
      normal individuals during the initial 30 s of effort, with the opposite occurring
      from this moment onward. 4. In the hyperthyroid patients, beta-adrenergic
      blockage depressed tachycardia after 30 s of effort at the 15 and 50 W levels,
      whereas in normal individuals this effect was only manifested at 50 and 75 W. 5.
      The patients who obtained clinical compensation showed a pattern of chronotropic
      response which tended to be close to that shown by normal subjects.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3409638
TI  - Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency: a simple diagnostic test.
AB  - 1. A simple method for diagnosing adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT)
      deficiency using urine is described. 2. T.l.c. of 1 microliter urine from a child
      with APRT deficiency was performed and adenine was easily detected by its
      brilliant blue phosphorescence at liquid nitrogen temperature. 3. Four
      physicochemical characteristics of adenine were recorded: RF value, and the
      colour, decay time and pH sensitivity of phosphorescence. 4. Adenine was not
      detected in the urine of 116 subjects used as controls. These included healthy
      individuals and patients with inherited metabolic disorders, diseases of purine
      metabolism and of the kidney and urinary tract. Some of them were taking a
      variety of drugs including purine derivatives. 5. The test correctly diagnosed
      three cases of APRT deficiency out of 10 urine samples tested blind.

PMID- 3409640
TI  - Medical Research Society. Communications for the meeting 7 and 8 July 1988.
      Leicester.

PMID- 3409639
TI  - Exercise and platelet intracellular free calcium concentration.
AB  - 1. A positive correlation between blood pressure and platelet intracellular free
      calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) has been reported. We examined the effect of
      acute changes in blood pressure associated with exercise on platelet [Ca2+]i. 2.
      Twenty-one subjects had blood pressure and heart rate readings taken after 60 min
      rest, and subjects were then exercised on a bicycle ergometer at 120 W for 30
      min. Blood pressure and heart rate readings were repeated immediately after
      exercise, 30 min after exercise, and then after a further hour. Blood samples
      were taken after each set of blood pressure and heart rate readings for
      catecholamine, lactate and platelet [Ca2+]i estimations. 3. There were
      significant increases in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, and
      plasma lactate and catecholamine levels during the course of the study. There
      were no significant changes in platelet [Ca2+]i. 4. These results suggest that
      the acute blood pressure changes related to exercise are not associated with a
      change in platelet [Ca2+]i.

PMID- 3409641
TI  - Vasculitis in Reiter's syndrome.
AB  - A patient is described with both Reiter's syndrome and cutaneous vasculitis
      characterised by livedo reticularis. The development of the Reiter's syndrome
      immediately preceded the onset of vasculitis. It is suggested that Reiter's
      syndrome is a previously unrecognised potential cause of vasculitis in which
      infection may initiate the vasculitic reaction.

PMID- 3409642
TI  - Dysphagia caused by diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis.
AB  - Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) of the spine is often a hazardous
      radiological finding. Dysphagia, caused by ossification of the anterior
      longitudinal ligament, may be one of the most important clinical symptoms
      disturbing the patient. Diagnosis is done by esophagogram, and cervical
      decompression restores esophageal function. The case of a successfully operated
      patient is reported and a short overview of the literature is given.

PMID- 3409643
TI  - Sunbed-induced melanoma in a rheumatoid patient.
AB  - The development in a rheumatoid patient of a cutaneous malignant melanoma
      following repeated exposure to UV-A Radiation from a sunbed for its supposed
      therapeutic effect, is described. A causal-effect relationship is proposed and
      the potential risks to other arthritic patients and in particular those with
      pigmented skin lesions, is highlighted.

PMID- 3409644
TI  - Hepatic alterations in indomethacin-treated rabbits.
AB  - Indomethacin was parenterally administered (6 mg/Kg/day) for 30 days to rabbits,
      to evaluate changes in serum biochemical parameters and any ultrastructural
      alterations induced by the drug at the hepatic level. An analysis of the results
      demonstrated that when the group of rabbits, a statistically significant increase
      in the serum ALT was found in the treated rabbits. Ultrastructural observations
      showed the following hepatocyte alterations: 1) minimum mitochondrial alterations
      2) mild signs of cholestasis (pericanalicular osmophilic bodies) 3) Smooth
      endoplasmic reticulum hyperplasia. These findings suggest that indomethacin has
      the capacity to induce hepatic lesions in the rabbit and this is probably due to
      the surfactant mechanism.

PMID- 3409646
TI  - Joint hypermobility in primary mitral valve prolapse patients.
AB  - Twenty-seven patients with echocardiographic evidence of primary mitral valve
      prolapse (MVP) were tested for the presence of joint hypermobility using the
      criteria of Beighton and Horan. In the examined group, joint hypermobility was
      found in 14 patients (52%). This occurrence was statistically significant. In
      patients with simultaneous occurrence of MVP and articular hypermobility we have
      found a number of pathologic arthrologic manifestations, such as arthralgias,
      synovitic reactions, distortions, low back pain, and others. In patients with
      articular hypermobility, there were increased functions of antigen B 35.

PMID- 3409645
TI  - Sexual dysfunction among patients with arthritis.
AB  - The relationship of arthritis and sexual dysfunction was investigated among 169
      patients with rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and spondyloarthropathy, 130
      of whom were pair-matched to controls. Assessments of marital happiness and
      depressed mood were also made using the CES-D and the Azrin Marital Happiness
      Scale (AMHS). Sexual dysfunctions were found to be common among patients and
      controls, the majority in both groups reporting one or more dysfunctions.
      Impotence was more common among male patients than controls and was found to be
      associated with co-morbidity and the taking of methotrexate. Depressed mood was
      more common among patients and was associated with certain sexual difficulties,
      but not with impotence. Marital unhappiness, as indicated by AMHS scores, was not
      associated with arthritis but was associated with sexual dysfunction, sexual
      dissatisfaction and being female.

PMID- 3409648
TI  - Spirometry in healthy adult never-smokers.
AB  - Spirometry was performed in 277 female and 240 male subjects constituting a
      random, unbiased population sample representative for the population of Denmark.
      Equipment, calibration and measurement procedures conformed strictly with
      established standards. Statistical analysis showed that certain power
      transformations (cubic, quadratic or square root) of the data produced models
      that fitted the data statistically significantly better than linear models, where
      no transformations are applied, or logarithmic models where a logarithmic
      transformation is applied to the response variable. Differences between
      predictions obtained with the three models were, however, small and without
      practical significance. Neither rigid adherence to established, well documented
      standards nor elaborate statistical analysis reduced the inter-individual
      variance significantly in comparison to previous investigations. The results
      emphasize that it is important that reference values are appropriate for the
      methods and populations in question.

PMID- 3409647
TI  - Decreased activity of interleukin-2 inhibitor in plasma of patients with systemic
      lupus erythematosus.
AB  - Low levels of plasma interleukin-2 inhibitory activity were found in patients
      with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) compared to normal individuals. The
      depression of the inhibitory activity was significant in patients with severe and
      moderate SLE while only a slight decrease was observed in the mild form of the
      disease.

PMID- 3409650
TI  - Muscular venous blood metabolites during rhythmic forearm exercise while
      breathing air or normoxic helium and argon gas mixtures.
AB  - The effects of breathing normoxic helium or argon gas mixture on the local
      muscular metabolism during exercise were compared to those of room air in four
      healthy subjects. For this purpose, PO2, PCO2, pH, the concentrations of lactate
      (LA), glucose (Gl) haemoglobin (Hb) and K+ and osmolarity were repeatedly
      measured in efferent muscular venous blood during 12 min of rhythmic forearm
      exercise and 16 min of recovery. The time courses and magnitude of the changes in
      PCO2, pH, [Gl], [Hb], [K+] and osmolarity during exercise and recovery were
      similar for breathing both the helium and argon gas mixtures. The main finding
      was that during exercise, the [LA] curve reached a peak value significantly
      higher by 25% under normoxic helium than under room air or normoxic argon
      breathing. This rise in [LA] was accompanied by a slight reduction in muscular
      venous PO2, too small to signify muscular hypoxia. The possibility that this
      decline in PO2 might be due to a shift in muscular metabolism towards lipid
      oxidation was confirmed by the lower muscular respiratory quotient observed
      during helium breathing. However, such a shift did not explain why [LA] rose
      during this breathing. The probable explanation is that helium facilitates LA
      diffusion out of the myocytes.

PMID- 3409649
TI  - Does airway closure affect lung sound generation?
AB  - The purpose of this experiment was to test the hypothesis that airway closure
      impedes the production of lung sounds at low lung volume. We recorded breath
      sounds in three healthy men during inspiratory vital capacity manoeuvres in
      upright, head-down and lateral decubitus postures. We then compared the rate of
      increase of breath sound intensity (BSI) between the dependent and non-dependent
      lung zones. Closing volumes, measured separately, were normal in the upright but
      increased in the head-down postures. The data revealed no consistent lag in the
      rate of increase of BSI over the dependent lung zones in any of the postures. Our
      data suggest that airway closure does not influence lung sound generation. If
      true, this implies that lung sounds are produced proximally to the site of
      physiologic airway closure.

PMID- 3409651
TI  - Cardiac function in open-chest dogs after left to right ventricular shunting and
      right coronary artery occlusion.
AB  - Patients with acquired ventricular septal defect (VSD) after myocardial
      infarction have a particularly bad prognosis if right ventricular function is
      severely impaired. The significance of an ischaemic right ventricular free wall
      on cardiac function during interventricular shunting was examined in open-chest
      dogs. An external interventricular shunt could be opened and closed at will, and
      by occlusion of the right coronary artery (RCA), a part of the right ventricular
      free wall was rendered ischaemic. Aortic flow decreased by 8 +/- 2% when the
      shunt was opened in the presence of a normal right ventricle, and by 16 +/- 2%
      (difference: P less than 0.05) in the presence of right ventricular ischaemia.
      Aortic flow fell by 19 +/- 3% when the RCA was occluded. Right ventricular
      dyskinesia was demonstrated after occlusion of RCA, by recording segment lengths
      in the right ventricular free wall. The dyskinesia was aggravated when the shunt
      was opened. The left ventricle exerted a 'negative' work on the ischaemic right
      ventricular free wall. Retention of blood in the right ventricle, with a
      subsequent decline in left ventricular filling and an almost unchanged
      interventricular shunting of blood, explain why aortic flow fell more when the
      shunt was opened in the presence of right ventricular ischaemia.

PMID- 3409652
TI  - Coenzyme Q10 content in different parts of the normal human heart.
AB  - Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and citrate synthase (CS) activities were analysed in the
      myocardium of brain-dead organ donors (14-40 years). Different parts of the heart
      were studied: right and left auricular appendage, right and left atrium, right
      ventricle (septum and free wall) and left ventricle (septum, free wall, and
      papillary muscle). Freeze-dried, dissected myocardial samples were analysed for
      CoQ10 content by HPLC and CS activity by fluorometric technique. CoQ10 content in
      the normal human myocardium was lowest in auricular appendages and atria (0.25 +/
      0.06 mg X g-1 dry muscle), intermediate in right ventricle (0.37 +/- 0.05 mg X g
      1 dm) and highest in left ventricle (0.42 +/- 0.07 mg X g-1 dm). CS activity
      showed the same relationship between these locations as CoQ10. The results
      suggest that there exist differences in CoQ10 content between different parts of
      the normal human myocardium. These differences were closely related to the
      differences in CS activity between corresponding parts. The differences between
      different parts of the heart may be related to divergent work demand, and the
      constant relationship between CS and CoQ10 may be related to their coupling to
      the mitochondrial oxidative metabolism.

PMID- 3409654
TI  - The effect of i.v. indomethacin on the gastric mucosal electrical potential
      difference and blood flow in anaesthetized dogs.
AB  - Indomethacin inhibits prostaglandin synthesis and causes gastric mucosal damage.
      The correlation between the gastric mucosal function and gastric blood flow was
      investigated. The intragastric liquid junction corrected potential difference
      (PD) across the stomach wall was used to characterize the gastric mucosal
      function. Mucosal blood flow was determined by the radiolabelled microsphere
      technique. Seven dogs were anaesthetized, intragastric PD was measured
      continuously and blood flow determined at basal condition during sympathetic
      activation, and after IV indomethacin (7.5 mg/kg). PD was unchanged during the
      basal period and during mild sympathetic activation. After indomethacin PD was
      reduced significantly (-40 +/- 6 mV to -20 +/- 5 mV, measured with gastric lumen
      negative, mean and SD, P less than 0.05). Mucosal blood flow decreased during
      sympathetic activation and a further significant reduction was seen after
      indomethacin. PD and flow reductions correlated (R = 0.92). As indomethacin given
      IV caused a parallel impairment of gastric mucosal function and blood flow, part
      of the indomethacin-related mucosal damaging effects might be due to the flow
      reduction.

PMID- 3409653
TI  - Whole body fat oxidation before and after carnitine supplementation in uremic
      patients on chronic haemodialysis.
AB  - This study has evaluated whether uremic patients on chronic haemodialysis with
      subnormal plasma levels of free carnitine show any alterations in whole body fat
      oxidation before and after one week with carnitine supplementation (60
      mg/kg/day). Carnitine plasma levels changed from subnormal to supranormal levels
      of both free and total carnitine concentrations. This increase was not associated
      with any alteration in either oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide production,
      respiratory quotient or blood substrate levels such as glucose, glycerol, free
      fatty acids and lactate. The fractional oxidation of an intravenously infused fat
      emulsion (Intralipid) was 17% before and 19% after carnitine supplementation. No
      side effects were observed in spite of the rather high dose of carnitine
      administration. This study failed to demonstrate any impact on net whole body fat
      oxidation in carnitine substituted uremic patients with initially subnormal
      levels of free plasma carnitine.

PMID- 3409655
TI  - Pulmonary effects of AIDS.

PMID- 3409656
TI  - Caenorhabditis elegans: occurrence and metabolism of ecdysteroids in adults and
      dauer larvae.
AB  - 1. Ecdysteroids were detected in extracts of egg-producing adult Caenorhabditis
      elegans, in dauer larvae and in dietary bacteria. 2. Similar concentrations of
      free ecdysteroids were recorded in adults and larvae, although the two life cycle
      stages differed in their ratio of ecdysone: 20-hydroxyecdysone. 3. Patent adults
      metabolized [3H]ecdysone into apolar products and putative [3H]ecdysone 22
      phosphate.

PMID- 3409657
TI  - Comparison of phospholipid synthesis in rat salivary glands: properties of 1
      acylglycerophosphorylcholine and 1-acylglycerophosphate acyltransferase systems
      in microsomes.
AB  - 1. 1-Acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphorylcholine and 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate
      acyltransferase activities were characterized in rat salivary gland microsomes.
      2. The acyl-CoA selectivities between these two kinds of lysophospholipid
      acyltransferase activities were very different. 3. When the three major glands
      were compared (parotid, submandibular, sublingual), they showed their own
      particular acyltransferase activity, but they had very similar in acyl-CoA
      selectivity. 4. Those observations were also compared in rat liver microsomes.

PMID- 3409658
TI  - Bone lipids of Jamaican reef fishes.
AB  - 1. Fourteen species from 12 different families of fish from the Jamaican coral
      reef environment were analyzed for bone lipid content and class. Acanthurus
      bahianus (Acanthuridae), the ocean surgeon, had 29.7% lipid (as per cent dry wt)
      in the neurocranium. 2. Eight species had 7.4-17.9% lipid in the neurocranium and
      include A. chirurgus, Priacanthus arenatus, Equetus acuminatus, Eupomacentrus
      planifrons, A. coeruleus, Malacanthus plumeri, Haemulon flavolineatum and
      Pempheris schomburgki. 3. Five species had low bone oil (0.1-2.5% neurocranium
      lipid), including the chondrocranium of Urolophus jamaicensis, an elasmobranch.
      4. Most fish stored more lipid in the neurocranium than in the vertebral centra.
      5. Triglyceride is the major lipid class in most of these fishes with oily bones
      (74.1-93.7% as per cent lipid); cholesterol and phospholipid were two other lipid
      classes in the bones. 6. The average skeletal lipid (for neurocranium plus
      vertebral centra, as per cent total body lipid) for 13 species is 22.5% with a
      low of 5.5% in Sparisoma aurofrenatum and a high of 81.1% in Acanthurus
      chirurgus. 7. These data provide a basis for choice of a suitable experimental
      animal to study function of bone lipid. Acanthurus bahianus appears most
      suitable, because it has the most bone oil, is most common over Jamaican reefs
      and is easily obtained by trapping.

PMID- 3409660
TI  - Lipid composition of miniature pig platelets.
AB  - 1. Analyses of platelet lipid composition were carried out on material pooled
      from male and female miniature pigs. 2. The cholesterol/phospholipid molar ratio
      was 0.6. 3. Phosphatidylcholine represents the major class of phospholipids (47%)
      and phosphatidylinositol the minor (2%). 4. The main fatty acids of
      phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine,
      phosphatidylinositol and sphingomyelin were: palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic
      and arachidonic acids. 5. The ratios of saturated to unsaturated fatty acids
      were: sphingomyelin, 1.7; phosphatidylcholine, 1.2; phosphatidylserine, 0.9;
      phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol, 0.6. 6. Our results suggests
      that human and miniature pig platelet lipids bear several characteristics in
      common. This fact would allow miniature pig to be used as a new experimental
      model.

PMID- 3409659
TI  - Glucagon control of glycogenolysis in catfish tissues.
AB  - 1. In catfish (Ictalurus melas) after glucagon treatment blood glucose increased
      until 150 min, then it gradually decreased towards control values at the 5th hr.
      2. In glucagon treated fish, liver glycogen levels were significantly lower then
      in controls 30 min after hormone administration; thereafter, liver glycogen
      levels returned rapidly to initial values. Glucagon did not induce any
      significant effect on the glycogen content in white and red muscles. 3. In liver
      slices, the addition of glucagon to the incubation medium significantly enhanced
      the glycogen phosphorylase activity and decreased the level of glycogen. Both
      phosphorylase activity and glycogen content of white and red muscle slices were
      practically unaffected by glucagon.

PMID- 3409661
TI  - Chicken hepatic metabolism in vitro. Protein and energy relations in the broiler
      chicken--VI. Effect of dietary protein and energy restrictions on in vitro
      carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and metabolic hormone profiles.
AB  - 1. Ross male broiler chicks growing from 14 to 28 days of age were fed 14 and 20%
      protein diets (4 kcal day-1/body wt0.66) or 20 and 28% protein diets (2.8 kcal
      day-1/body wt0.66) in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement to determine the effects of
      protein and energy intakes on in vitro lipogenesis (IVL) and net glucose
      production (NGP). Plasma concentrations of insulin, glucagon, thyroid hormones
      (T3 and T4) and somatomedin-C (Sm-C) were estimated by radioimmunoassay. 2. There
      was a significant (P less than 0.05) decrease in IVL in the chicks given the
      higher daily protein intake. 3. The higher protein intake increased (P less than
      0.05) NGP while the lower energy intake decreased (P less than 0.05) NGP. 4.
      Insulin, both thyroid hormones and Sm-C were affected by dietary energy and
      protein intakes.

PMID- 3409662
TI  - Developmental changes in cuticular proteins of Ascaris suum.
AB  - 1. Cuticles were isolated from developmental stages of the swine nematode Ascaris
      suum by a combination of mechanical disruption and detergent treatment of larvae
      or by surgical removal of cuticle from adults. Proteins from the isolated
      cuticles were solubilized with 2-mercaptoethanol (2ME) and analyzed by SDS-PAGE.
      2. 2ME soluble, cuticular proteins from adults consisted of 5 to 6 bands with 80%
      of proteins in 2 bands with mol. wts of 106,000 and 93,000. Cuticular proteins
      from the third and fourth larval stages (L3 and L4) were comparable to adult, but
      differences in the number of bands were observed. The soluble proteins from the
      adult, L3 and L4 were readily degraded by a bacterial collagenase suggesting that
      these proteins are collagen-like structural elements of the cuticle. 3. The
      soluble proteins from the second stage (L2) differed from the adult and other
      larval stages in both the number and mol. wt of protein bands and their lack of
      degradation by bacterial collagenase. Amino acid composition of soluble cuticular
      proteins were similar for adult and L4, but glycine and proline were present in
      lower amounts in the L2. 4. These results support a hypothesis that there are
      stage specific differences in cuticular proteins from A. suum and that the
      greatest differences appear to exist between L2 and other stages.

PMID- 3409663
TI  - Studies on the carbohydrate content of milk of the crabeater seal (Lobodon
      carcinophagus).
AB  - 1. The mean carbohydrate content of six samples of milk of the crabeater seal (a
      phocid), measured as total hexose, was 1.5 +/- 0.3% (w/v). Ultrafiltrates of the
      skim milk of these samples had a mean carbohydrate content of 1.9 +/- 0.2%. 2.
      Thin-layer chromatography of the ultrafiltrates showed that this carbohydrate
      consists mainly of various oligosaccharides of low chromatographic mobility;
      lactose and traces of free glucose and galactose were also detected. 3. These
      oligosaccharides consisted mainly of D-galactose and N-acetylhexosamine; L
      fucose, D-glucose and sialic acid were additional minor components. 4. The mean
      lactose content of the ultrafiltrates, determined by a specific enzymic method,
      was 0.021 +/- 0.007% (w/v); this is similar to the levels which have been
      reported for the milk of otariids.

PMID- 3409664
TI  - Kinetics of trypsin from rainbow trout are not influenced by level of feeding.
AB  - 1. Specific activity and kinetic constants of trypsin from the pyloric caeca of
      rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) were measured. 2. Although one group was fed more
      than twice as much as the other (1.8 compared to 0.7% body weight per day), there
      were no significant differences in the weight of the pyloric caeca, specific
      activity of trypsin, or kinetic constants (apparent Km or Vmax) between the two
      groups. 3. The caecum of trout contains enough trypsin to digest all of the
      protein in a typical meal in less than 5 hr.

PMID- 3409665
TI  - Schistosoma mansoni: nucleic acid synthesis in immature females from single-sex
      infections, paired in vitro with intact males and male segments.
AB  - 1. The object of this study was to see whether stimulation of nucleic acid
      synthesis in immature females by male Schistosoma mansoni is mediated locally by
      contact, or is propagated systemically in the female. 2. Immature females
      perfused from single-sex animal infections were paired for one week in vitro with
      segments of males cut transversely into thirds; others were paired with intact
      males, or maintained without males; all were then incubated with [3H]-thymidine
      or tyrosine. 3. Washed females were bisected transversely and isotope uptake
      counted separately in the anterior and posterior halves. 4. The halves in contact
      with cut male segments showed significantly higher uptake of [3H]-thymidine than
      the non-contact halves, indicating increased DNA synthesis and cell division, but
      non-contact halves had greater uptake of [3H]-tyrosine. 5. Dot-blot hybridization
      with a female specific single stranded cDNA failed to detect production of the
      corresponding mRNA in females paired with male segments.

PMID- 3409667
TI  - The effect of fructose 1,6 diphosphate on pyruvate kinase from the liver of the
      flounder (Platichthys flesus L.).
AB  - 1. Pyruvate kinase purified from flounder liver in two forms, i.e. PKI and PKII,
      is activated by fructose 1,6 diphosphate. 2. Two or more binding sites for FDP
      are demonstrated for PKII, the binding to which is influenced by the levels of
      substrates. 3. FDP reduces or abolishes the cooperative effect of PEP. 4. FDP
      increases the maximal activity. 5. The inhibition observed at higher levels of
      ADP is not abolished by FDP.

PMID- 3409666
TI  - Comparative study of sturgeon oocyte soluble proteins by isoelectric focusing.
AB  - 1. Soluble caviar (oocyte) proteins of four sturgeon species from the Caspian
      sea, Acipenser stellatus (Sevrouga), Acipenser guldenstadti (Ossietre), Acipenser
      nudiventris (Chipe) and Huso huso (Belouga) were studied by isoelectric focusing.
      2. Isoelectric focusing patterns of these proteins differ from one species to
      another and allow the identification of the specific origin of caviar. 3.
      Moreover, this technique allowed the discrimination of a subspecies, Acipenser
      guldenstadti persicus from the species. 4. This biochemical characterization of
      caviar proteins allowing identification of sturgeon species producing caviar
      could be added to data used in fraud tests.

PMID- 3409668
TI  - Pig plasma protease inhibitor gene complex: isolation and partial
      characterization of three inhibitors.
AB  - 1. Pig plasma alpha-protease inhibitors (protease inhibitor-1, PI1; protease
      inhibitor-2, PI2; postalbumin-1A, PO1A; postalbumin-1B, PO1B), all encoded by one
      gene complex (gene cluster), were isolated by rivanol-ammonium sulphate
      fractionation and double-one dimensional IPG-PAGE. The proteins were recovered
      from the polyacrylamide gel by a combination of electrophoresis and isoelectric
      focusing. 2. Molecular wt estimated by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions was
      63,000 each for PI1 and PI2 and 60,000 each for PO1A and PO1B. The two main
      components of a genetic variant of PI2 differed in mol. wt by approx. 1000. 3.
      PO1A, PO1B and PI2 were shown to be glycoproteins. The major component of both
      PO1A and PO1B contained about 15% carbohydrate and the two components of PI2 had
      about 24 per cent and 21 per cent carbohydrate, respectively. 4. Neuraminidase
      treatment showed that the main component of PO1A had 8 sialic acid residues and
      fast and slow components of PI2 had respectively 11 and 10 residues. 5. Amino
      acid compositions of PO1A, PO1B and PI2 were very similar to one another,
      indicating that the genes for these proteins have evolved by regional
      duplications of a common ancestral gene. 6. The results (mol. wt, amino acid and
      carbohydrate compositions) confirm that pig PI2 is homologous to human plasma
      alpha 1-antichymotrypsin.

PMID- 3409669
TI  - Pentatrichomonas hominis: purine salvage pathway.
AB  - 1. Pentatrichomonas hominis was found incapable of de novo synthesis of purines.
      2. Pentatrichomonas hominis can salvage adenine, guanine, hypoxanthine,
      adenosine, guanosine and inosine, but not xanthine for the synthesis of
      nucleotides. 3. HPLC tracing of radiolabelled purines or purine nucleosides
      revealed that adenine, adenosine and hypoxanthine are incorporated into adenine
      nucleotides and IMP through a similar channel while guanine and guanosine are
      salvaged into guanine nucleotides via another route. There appears to be no
      direct interconversion between adenine and guanine nucleotides. Interconversion
      between AMP and IMP was observed. 4. Assays of purine salvage enzymes revealed
      that P. hominis possess adenosine kinase; adenosine, guanosine and inosine
      phosphotransferases; adenosine, guanosine and inosine phosphorylases and AMP
      deaminase.

PMID- 3409670
TI  - Metallothionein metabolism in the liver and kidney of the streptozotocin-diabetic
      rat.
AB  - 1. Elevated levels of metallothionein (MT)-I and -II were identified in the liver
      and kidney of insulin-deficient diabetic rats. 2. The relative rate of MT
      synthesis and the turnover of cytoplasmic MT were both accelerated in the liver
      of diabetic rats. 3. The rate of synthesis of MT, but not its cytoplasmic
      turnover, was increased in diabetic kidney. 4. Maximal relative rates of MT
      synthesis in liver and kidney were first observed at 4 and 10 days, respectively,
      after inducing the diabetic condition. 5. The altered metabolism of hepatic MT in
      diabetic rats was attributed primarily to disturbances in endocrine status, while
      the altered metabolism of renal MT was largely due to accumulation of excessive
      dietary copper in the kidney.

PMID- 3409671
TI  - Characterization of proteins and fatty acid composition in Galapagos fur seal
      milk. Occurrence of whey and casein protein polymorphisms.
AB  - 1. Milk proteins of the Galapagos fur seal (Arctocephalus galapagoensis) were
      separated adequately into whey and casein fractions using bovine milk analysis
      methods. 2. In samples from days 5-30 of lactation 40% of the total proteins were
      whey and 60% caseins; in mid-lactation, day 150, 25% were whey and 75% casein
      proteins. 3. Electrophoretic and isoelectric focusing patterns of fur seal whey
      protein differed widely from bovine patterns, whereas those of caseins were
      similar. 4. Polymorphisms of fur seal whey and casein proteins were noted and did
      not seem related to different stages of lactation. 5. C-16 and C-18 fatty acids
      contributed about 70% of fatty acids; 63% of the total acids in milk fat were
      unsaturated.

PMID- 3409672
TI  - Evaluation of forward stroke volume in first-pass radionuclide cardiography.
AB  - First-pass radionuclide cardiography and Zierler's area-over-height formula have
      been applied for determination of stroke volume. The method has three new
      features: (a) the region of interest comprises the entire cardiopulmonary
      circulation; (b) a prediction of (normal) blood volume based on deviation from
      desired weight; and (c) a correction of stroke volume in case of incomplete bolus
      injection. The method was verified in a pathological situation by an independent
      geometric method in equilibrium gated radionuclide cardiography. The variation of
      stroke volume was investigated in a normal group of 61 women, 40-80 years old.
      The result was in excellent agreement with values for normal variation of stroke
      volume in the literature.

PMID- 3409673
TI  - A program in Quickbasic for the estimation of cardiac output.
AB  - The current program in Quickbasic provides a valid and reliable computational
      method for the estimation of cardiac output, using the CO2 rebreathe method. In
      addition, this program will save time through speed of execution. Furthermore,
      the program can be used with IBM microcomputers as well as IBM compatible
      microcomputers.

PMID- 3409674
TI  - Procedures and a computer program for the determination of fractional protein
      synthetic rates by numerical solution of an implicit equation.
AB  - Fractional protein synthetic rates may be determined in vivo by infusion with a
      labelled amino acid and measurements of the specific radioactivities of the free
      and protein-bound amino acid. The calculation requires the solution of an
      implicit equation which is usually done by the laborious and inaccurate method of
      interpolation from a series of standard curves. In this report a BASIC computer
      program (PROSYN) is given which enables a quick and accurate solution by a
      numerical method. The basis of several solution methods is described; the PROSYN
      program is capable of using either of two (bracketting and the secant method) of
      these procedures.

PMID- 3409675
TI  - Applications of a general method for deconvolution using compartmental analysis.
AB  - A method of deconvolution is illustrated using compartmental models. The approach
      can be used to determine an arbitrary unknown input function from a measured
      response and the impulse response of the system. Compartmental models are
      constructed to specify (a) the function fitting the response data and (b) the
      impulse response of the system. Simulation of these models is then used to
      construct the unknown input function.

PMID- 3409676
TI  - Computer simulation of neuronal circuit models of rhythmic behavior in the
      electroencephalogram.
AB  - A computer program for modeling some features of the electroencephalogram (EEG)
      recorded by scalp electrodes in terms of the time- and space-dependent
      interactions of populations of neurons in different hypothetical brain
      configurations was developed. The input of the model consists of: (1) geometric
      and anatomic data characterizing the brain configuration; (2) physiologic
      features characterizing neurons; and (3) functions describing the time-dependent
      afferent impulses to the brain configuration under study. The output of the model
      consists of plots of selected intracellular and extracellular potentials as a
      function of time. In application of the model to various brain configurations,
      some configurations were sufficiently compact spatially that propagation times of
      action potentials between elements were either taken to be constant or were
      nearly independent of distance within the accuracy of the calculations. Other
      configurations represented cerebral cortex alone or a combined thalamocortical
      system in which many elements interacted via global interconnections. The basic
      requirement for rhythmic behavior is the existence of circuits containing
      inhibitory neurons. The characteristic frequencies of rhythmic oscillations are
      primarily determined by the local circuit parameters and are relatively
      independent of global circuit parameters.

PMID- 3409677
TI  - A computer program in compiled BASIC for the IBM personal computer to calculate
      the mean platelet survival time with the multiple-hit and weighted mean methods.
AB  - We developed an easy-to-operate computer program for the IBM personal computer to
      calculate, display and store in a database platelet kinetic data determined by
      analysis of the rate of clearance of radiolabeled blood platelets from the
      circulation. This was done by curve fitting using the weighted mean method and
      multiple-hit model. These models are complementary and calculating the mean
      platelet survival time with both is recommended. Improvement of the weighted mean
      method was investigated. The optimized weighting and fitting the exponential
      function with the Marquardt non-linear least squares method improved the weighted
      mean method. The weighted mean and multiple-hit models fit the survival curve
      data equally well. The calculation of the mean platelet survival time with the
      weighted mean method was very fast. The duration of calculation with the multiple
      hit model could take up to 2 minutes. Calculation of the mean platelet survival
      time using both models has the advantage that conditions when calculation of the
      mean platelet survival time would be invalid, can be detected. The computer
      program will promote the valid comparison of results obtained at different
      institutions.

PMID- 3409678
TI  - Computer simulation of diffusion processes as a teaching aid.
AB  - A computer program for the simulation of diffusion processes has been developed.
      It displays the trajectories of single molecules under Brownian motion. Diffusion
      of 40 to 100 molecules in a box with or without barriers can be simulated, and
      concentration-time and concentration-distance functions can be plotted. This
      program may be useful, when complemented with experimental work and theoretical
      study, for teaching diffusion and membrane permeability processes.

PMID- 3409679
TI  - Mammographic feature enhancement by computerized image processing.
AB  - Mammographic detection of early breast cancer from X-ray film mammograms requires
      optimal radiological or image processing techniques. We present an image
      processing approach based on feature adaptive neighborhood processing with a
      tunable contrast-enhancement function to enhance mammographic features. This
      procedure brings out the features in the image with little or no enhancement of
      the noise. Results show that the proposed technique is intelligently tunable to
      the requirements of enhancement of specific mammographic features such as
      microcalcifications, soft-tissue characteristics, etc.

PMID- 3409680
TI  - Computer-assisted centrifugal elutriation. II. Multiparametric statistical
      analysis.
AB  - A combination of non-interactive statistical methods is discussed to analyze
      multiparametric light-scatter data obtained by means of computer-assisted
      centrifugal elutriation.

PMID- 3409682
TI  - EXPFIT: a program for simultaneous analysis of families of exponential decay
      curves.
AB  - We have developed a program to facilitate the simultaneous analysis and weighted
      least-squares curve fitting of families of exponential decay curves, subject to
      appropriate constraints. The simultaneous analysis of all curves allows one to
      pool information from several subjects or experiments, and avoids the need for
      approximations inherent in normalizing or transforming data. Selected parameters
      of the model can be constrained, i.e. shared among several curves, or set to a
      constant value. Hypotheses about the system under study can be tested in an
      objective, statistically valid manner. A BASIC computer program for routine data
      analysis is presented, with an example of its application to illustrative data.

PMID- 3409681
TI  - Simulation of linear compartment models with application to nuclear medicine
      kinetic modeling.
AB  - Several techniques are evaluated for solving the linear ordinary differential
      equations arising from compartment models. The methods involve approximating the
      matrix exponential of the state matrix (i.e. the transition matrix). The
      computational efficiencies of these techniques, together with that of a general
      purpose differential equation solver, are compared for several models arising
      from radiopharmacokinetic studies. The matrix exponential calculations are
      performed using both Ward's Pade approximation method and an eigenvalue
      eigenvector decomposition (QR factorization) of the matrix A. These two
      algorithms have been incorporated as simulation options into the programs of the
      ADAPT package. ADAPT consists of a set of high-level programs for simulation,
      parameter estimation and experiment design, developed primarily for basic and
      clinical research modeling and data analysis applications involving
      pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes. The advantages and disadvantages
      of these simulation strategies for solving linear kinetic models within a
      parameter estimation setting are illustrated and discussed.

PMID- 3409683
TI  - A computer program for calculating antibody affinity constants.
AB  - A program is presented for the calculation of antibody affinity constants which
      avoids the limitations of graphical plotting of titration data using the Sips or
      Scatchard equations.

PMID- 3409685
TI  - Computer simulation of fluid resuscitation in trauma. I. Description of an
      extensive pathophysiological model and its first validation.
AB  - Computer-based 'patient simulators' are of a potential value in diagnosis,
      monitoring and therapy of the severely ill patient with trauma. An extensive
      pathophysiological model is described and documented in full detail. The model
      makes it possible to calculate and predict clinically important state variables
      on the basis of fluid input and fluid losses. Sample runs are presented for
      illustrations in hemorrhage, fluid and salt loading.

PMID- 3409684
TI  - VARCOV II: a computer program for the multivariate analysis of growth and
      response curves.
AB  - A FORTRAN computer program written to perform a multivariate analysis of growth
      and response curves is described. The underlying statistical methodology is
      particularly applicable with incomplete observations, and may offer improved
      power performance to the distribution-free methods described previously.

PMID- 3409686
TI  - Computer acquisition and analysis of thermal profiles from differential scanning
      calorimeter.
AB  - In this paper we describe a computerized system for data recovery from
      differential scanning calorimetry of mammalian cells and their biopolymers. The
      'in-house'-designed preamplifier, digital acquisition, control card and its real
      time software provide us with a powerful workstation to acquire and analyze large
      quantities of data on-line and off-line. The final data are obtained after
      eliminating noise interference using both hardware and software filters. Fourier
      analysis is also performed for a more refined thermodynamic characterization. All
      software is written in Basic and Fortran 77 under the DOS 3.10 operating system
      on a personal computer.

PMID- 3409687
TI  - ESTAGEST: an obstetrical application program in BASIC for the computation of
      estimated date of confinement.
AB  - The establishment of the estimated date of confinement (EDC) is an essential
      element in the care of pregnant women. Unfortunately, accurate information on the
      last menstrual period, the usual determinant of EDC, is not always available, or
      clinical estimations of gestational age may be discrepant. Prior studies have
      demonstrated that an average of several clinical examinations can provide a
      useful prediction of EDC. We have developed a simple BASIC computer program which
      allows the clinician to input up to 20 clinical examinations and determines the
      average EDC based on the clinical dates. The program displays the EDC for each
      individual examination, which provides an indication of the dispersion, or
      discrepancy, among the examinations. Average intervals to delivery date from the
      occurrence of clinical estimators of gestation are based on observed data at our
      institution and can be easily modified to fit local norms.

PMID- 3409688
TI  - Evaluation of statistical packages for suitability for use by clinical
      investigators in medicine.
AB  - With the increased availability of personal computers and statistical software
      packages, it is inevitable that there will be increasing attempts by clinical
      investigators to perform data management and statistical analysis. Reviews of
      statistical packages are abundant in computer and statistical journals. However
      the majority of them were not written for clinical investigators in medicine.
      This paper presents an analytic approach to evaluate the suitability of
      statistical packages for use by clinical investigators for data-management and
      preliminary statistical-analysis purposes. The evaluation scheme addresses five
      areas of concern: availability of data-management features; availability of basic
      statistical-analysis features; ease of use; documentation; and quality of
      programs. Among six statistical packages reviewed by this process, CRISP is
      recommended as the most suitable package for clinical investigators to use for
      data-management and preliminary statistical-analysis purposes.

PMID- 3409689
TI  - Strategies for the use of computers in health care. Symposium on information
      technology as a tool in health care. Linkoping, 27-28 October 1987.
AB  - The fact that I have used for this article the title proposed by the organizers
      of this conference does not mean that I agree with the philosophy which inspires
      it: a philosophy of means instead of a philosophy of finalities. Indeed, the use
      of computers in health care is not unavoidable simply because computers do exist.
      This is a mistake that has frequently been made since the beginning, and which is
      probably the source of most of our illusions and delusions. Computers are tools,
      and no more, and we must and can resist the 'instrumental reason' criticized in
      depth by philosophers such as R. Garaudy [1], M. Henry [2], E. Morin [3], and
      scientists like J. Weizenbaum [4]. I would prefer to reverse the question of how
      to use computers in health care and answer the following ones: What are the main
      information problems in medicine and health? and What is the part of computer
      technology in their solution? Connected to these questions is the consideration
      of the mental, intellectual, cultural, and even ethical impact of the machinery
      on its designers and users. With regard to the latter, I will mention the
      benefits of a better methodological education and the threat of an excessive
      rationalistic drift. This ethical consideration will lead me back to a brief
      discussion of 'instrumental reason'. This discussion will thus provide guidelines
      and caveats rather than true strategic recommendations. It will deal with
      attitudes more than with specific actions. Indeed, we cannot escape some kind of
      consideration of our humanity, and the mutual relationship between technology and
      our existence and actions.

PMID- 3409690
TI  - Self-report measures as predictors of psychotherapy outcome.
AB  - A retrospective clinical study using existing patient records investigated the
      predictive value of a number of variables. Eighty-three new admissions to a large
      outpatient clinic completed a battery of eight self-report questionnaires that
      have been shown to be reliable and have a measure of discriminant validity. The
      battery consisted of items tapping anxiety, depression, obsessive-compulsive
      symptoms, phobias, borderline personality disorder, and histrionic, obsessive
      compulsive, and paranoid personality styles. Outcome of therapy, which was
      predominantly dynamically-oriented, was assessed by residual difference scores
      computed from pre- and posttherapy Global Assessment Scale (GAS) ratings. Only
      patients attending five or more sessions (N = 37) were considered in the
      analyses. Patients high on the Anxiety Scale pretherapy showed relatively greater
      improvement in functioning than those with low initial scores. Patients scoring
      high on the Histrionic, Paranoid, and Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Scales
      showed the least relative improvement.

PMID- 3409691
TI  - Temporal course of symptoms and social functioning in relapsing schizophrenics: a
      6-year follow-up.
AB  - As a part of the Copenhagen High Risk project, a 6 year follow-up of relapses
      after first hospitalisation of 67 schizophrenic women was performed. Four
      dimensions of psychopathology were examined: positive symptoms, negative
      symptoms, formal thought disorder and depressive symptoms. Each symptom group was
      its own best predictor over time. Only depressive symptoms diminished
      significantly at a relapse 6 years after first hospitalisation. Broadly defined
      subtyping of schizophrenia into paranoid and non-paranoid, retained stability
      over a 6 year period. It is concluded that there is a stability of
      psychopathology across onset episodes and relapses.

PMID- 3409692
TI  - Pharmacotherapy of borderline outpatients.
AB  - The charts of 50 outpatients meeting both Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines
      (DIB) and DSM-III criteria for Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), 29
      outpatients meeting DSM-III criteria for Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD),
      and 26 outpatients meeting DSM-III criteria for Dysthymic Disorder, as well as
      DSM-III criteria for some other type of Axis II disorder (dysthymic other
      personality disorder [OPD]) were reviewed blind to proband diagnosis to determine
      both the percentage of those in each group who had adequate medication trials and
      the efficacy of those trials. Borderlines were significantly more likely than
      antisocial controls to have received an adequate trial of some form of
      medication. They were also significantly more likely than antisocial controls to
      have received an adequate trial of anxiolytics and antidepressants. However, they
      were distinguished at the trend level or better from both antisocial and
      dysthymic OPD controls by their greater likelihood of having received an adequate
      trial of neuroleptics, lithium, and polypharmacy. The percentage of adequately
      treated borderlines who experienced some degree of symptom relief was not
      significantly different than that found in either control group. However,
      adequately treated borderlines were significantly less likely than adequately
      treated dysthymic OPD controls to have had a definite response to pharmacotherapy
      (i.e., shown marked improvement of target symptoms).

PMID- 3409693
TI  - A comparison of methods of scoring the General Health Questionnaire.
AB  - The General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) has been criticized for failing to detect
      individuals with chronic symptoms due to its focus on recent changes in one's
      usual state. Using data from a community survey in Edmonton, Canada, in which
      3,258 subjects completed the 30-item GHQ and the Diagnostic Interview Schedule
      (DIS), the traditional method of scoring the GHQ was compared to a revised method
      proposed by Goodchild and Duncan-Jones. A case was defined to be someone with a
      history in the preceding month of one or more of the following DIS/DSM-III
      disorders: major depressive episode, phobia, panic disorder and obsessive
      compulsive disorder. A receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated no
      difference in the two methods of scoring the GHQ.

PMID- 3409694
TI  - The relationship between academic performance and severity of depressed mood
      during medical school.
AB  - We employ a structural equation model to examine the relationship between
      academic performance and depressed mood over 4 years for a single medical school
      class. Academic performance measures included undergraduate gradepoint average,
      first- and second-year medical school gradepoint average, full Medical College
      Admissions Test (MCAT) and total National Boards Part I (NB) scores. Severity of
      depressed mood was assessed by administering the Beck Depression Inventory two
      times per year during the first 2 years, and once per year during the last 2
      years. Overall there is little reason to think that depressive mood states
      compromise academic performance during the first 2 years of medical school for
      the class as a whole. Medical school grades had no direct impact on depressed
      mood, and mood had no direct impact on grades. There was a non-significant
      tendency for mood in the months preceding National Boards Part I to influence
      Board scores, which in turn influenced mood. Students with higher college
      gradepoint averages consistently reported fewer depressive symptoms throughout
      medical school. The latter result directs attention to a subgroup of medical
      students less susceptible to depression, or less prone to admit distress or
      symptoms. The non-susceptible and/or minimizing qualities of this subgroup merit
      further investigation.

PMID- 3409695
TI  - Secondary affective disorder in women with somatization disorder.
AB  - Of 60 women with somatization disorder (SD), 54 (90%) met DSM-III criteria for a
      major affective episode. This group with secondary affective disorder (SAD) was
      compared with 29 women who had primary affective disorder (PAD). SAD patients
      reported significantly more symptoms, more psychiatric admissions, more and
      longer episodes of depression; more had attempted suicide, and more had made
      multiple attempts. SAD patients had often been hospitalized and were likely to
      have been treated with lithium and a variety of antidepressants. Studying
      relatively homogeneous primary psychiatric diagnoses facilitates the
      identification of distinctions between SAD and PAD patients.

PMID- 3409696
TI  - The use of DSM-III in the United States: a case of going by the book.

PMID- 3409697
TI  - Healed at last.

PMID- 3409698
TI  - Doing the legwork.

PMID- 3409700
TI  - Child care: breaking the cycle.

PMID- 3409699
TI  - Life after mastectomy.

PMID- 3409701
TI  - Assessment of a new low-dose once-a-month injectable contraceptive.
AB  - Norethisterone (NET) in combination with mestranol (ME), in a macrocrystalline
      aqueous suspension that provides sustained release of steroids, was assessed as a
      once-a-month injectable contraceptive in ten healthy women of reproductive age.
      The ovarian function was studied before and after the intramuscular
      administration of 12mg NET plus 1.2mg ME, delivered as crystals of 150 micron
      average size. Serial blood samples were taken throughout the injection intervals
      in all women to measure serum progesterone (P), estradiol (E2), and NET. The
      NET/ME preparation effectively inhibited ovulation in 23 out of the 25 injection
      intervals studied. The administration of this formulation induced in some women a
      small degree of follicular maturation not followed by luteal activity. The
      endometrial bleeding patterns after each injection showed a bleeding-free period
      of two to three weeks. The overall data demonstrate that the parenteral
      administration of a macrocrystalline steroid preparation of NET/ME can bring
      about a sustained release contraceptive system at a substantially lower dose than
      those currently employed in once-a-month injectable contraception.

PMID- 3409702
TI  - Gestoden, an innovative progestogen.
AB  - The most widely used estrogen component in oral contraceptive (OC) pills today is
      ethinylestradiol (EE), synthesized in the laboratories of Schering A.G. since the
      year 1938. Compared to natural estrogens, it has a much stronger effect on liver
      metabolism, thereby inducing greater metabolic and hemostatic changes. Some, but
      not all, epidemiological studies associated rare cardiovascular events to the use
      of the OC pills, although statistical and diagnostic deficiencies inherent in
      such studies may have created wrong associations. These events were either of
      thromboembolic or hypertensive but not of arteriosclerotic origin. If these
      associations were true, therefore EE-induced adverse changes on the blood
      coagulation and fibrinolytic systems and its stimulation of the renin-angiotensin
      aldosterone mechanism would probably be more important than any changes on the
      lipid and lipoprotein pattern (e.g., HDL-cholesterol). To counteract adverse EE
      induced changes, therefore, synthetic progestogens used in OC pills should have a
      pronounced anti-estrogenic effect, stronger than natural progesterone, like
      levenorgestrel, and if possible, an aldosterone-antagonistic effect, resembling
      natural progesterone. Gestoden is a new synthetic progestogen with a pronounced
      anti-estrogenic effect and a unique aldosterone-antagonistic effect, unlike other
      synthetic progestogens available. The high biological progestogenic activity
      allows very low hormonal content in the pill formulation. Multicentric clinical
      trials with a combination of only 75 mcg gestoden combined with 30 mcg EE confirm
      a reliable contraceptive efficacy combined with excellent cycle control and
      tolerance in 1,095 women over 14,281 treatment cycles. In about 60% of women with
      elevated blood pressure before treatment, the blood pressure normalized during
      treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3409703
TI  - Intrauterine occlusion body (IUB). Preliminary report.
AB  - The IUB or SOF-T is a further development of the IUD with additional functions
      and properties. In 368 IUB insertions over a period of 48 months, there was no
      intrauterine pregnancy. There was a low removal rate due to bleeding, pain,
      infection or partial expulsion in 277 insertions performed at two university
      centers over an average period of 8-1/2 cycles. In 80 cases tubal occlusion was
      directly or indirectly proven by different methods. The improved ultrasound
      localisation of the IUB is possibly responsible for its effectiveness and the
      soft ends are probably the main reason for its improved tolerance compared to
      other IUDs.

PMID- 3409704
TI  - The freeze-dried preservation of liposome encapsulated hemoglobin: a potential
      blood substitute.
AB  - In this report, the ability of carbohydrates (trehalose, sucrose, and glucose) to
      preserve the blood substitute liposome-encapsulated hemoglobin (LEH) in the
      freeze-dried state is examined. The water-free stabilization of individual
      components of this blood substitute and LEH is reported. Lyophilization of
      hemoglobin solutions in the absence of carbohydrates results in significant
      oxidative degradation of Hb as measured by a large increase (approximately 60%)
      in methemoglobin. Hb samples lyophilized in increasing carbohydrate
      concentrations show reduced levels of methemoglobin, and at 0.5 M trehalose,
      sucrose, or glucose, these levels are reduced to nearly the same levels as
      unlyophilized controls. Storage of lyophilized Hb samples following rehydration
      at 4 degrees C shows the same rate of methemoglobin formation regardless of
      whether carbohydrates are present. This suggests that carbohydrates prevent Hb
      oxidation in the dry state but are less effective at retarding oxidative damage
      to Hb in solution. The addition of 0.25 M trehalose or sucrose to LEH results in
      the maintenance of liposomal size following lyophilization. In these experiments,
      glucose was least effective at inhibiting dehydration-induced LEH fusion.
      Lyophilization of LEH in 0.25 M trehalose or sucrose also results in
      significantly greater retention of the encapsulated hemoglobin following
      lyophilization and rehydration. These results suggest that the long-term
      stabilization of LEH in the dry state is a realizable goal.

PMID- 3409706
TI  - Cryopreservation of isolated rat hepatocytes: a critical evaluation of freezing
      and thawing conditions.
AB  - Various parameters, including the nature and proportion of the constituents of
      the cryoprotective medium, the cooling rate, and the composition of the thawing
      medium, were evaluated for the cryopreservation of adult rat hepatocytes. The
      highest percentage of cells able to survive in culture was obtained by freezing
      in L15 medium containing 16% dimethyl sulfoxide, at a rate of 3 degrees C/min,
      and by adding 0.8 M glucose to the thawing medium. More than 50% of hepatocytes
      capable of attachment just after cell isolation kept this property after freezing
      and survived in primary culture. Dead cells could be eliminated before seeding by
      centrifugation on a Percoll layer. In culture, frozen cells exhibited a
      morphology similar to that of unfrozen cells and after 24 hr their protein
      secretion rate was reduced by only about 40%.

PMID- 3409705
TI  - A comparison of cold storage solutions for hepatic preservation using the
      isolated perfused rabbit liver.
AB  - Rabbit livers were stored cold for periods of 6 or 24 hr and tested using the
      isolated perfused liver model. Five solutions were tested: Eurocollins (EC), Ross
      and Marshall's hypertonic citrate (HC), modified plasma protein fraction
      (Cambridge PPF), Ringer lactate, and the recently developed "University of
      Wisconsin" (UW) solution. After storage livers were perfused with an erythrocyte
      free oxygenated Krebs-Henseleit solution containing 4% bovine serum albumin at 38
      degrees C for 2 hr. Bile production proved to be the most sensitive index of
      liver function for discriminating between the various storage solutions and the
      different preservation times. After 6 hr of cold storage, bile production was
      similar to control liver bile production (9.8 +/- 2.4 ml/2 hr/100 g) in livers
      stored in HC (8.8 +/- 2 ml), PPF (9.9 +/- 2.2 ml), and UW (10.3 +/- 1.9 ml); it
      was slightly depressed in EC (6.7 +/- 2.5 ml, P = 0.06), and markedly depressed
      in Ringer lactate (4.3 +/- 0.8 ml, P less than 0.05). After 24 hr of cold storage
      bile production in UW-stored livers was near normal (9.3 +/- 0.7 ml) but
      significantly depressed (3.5-6.2 ml) in all other solutions tested. Release of
      enzymes into the normothermic perfusate was also measured (aspartate
      aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase). In this
      small series the differences between cold storage solutions did not always reach
      statistical significance although the trend was for less enzyme release in livers
      stored in UW solution. This technique permits rapid assessment and refinement of
      new storage methods and new solutions for liver preservation prior to testing in
      a large animal transplant model. The results suggest that UW solution is superior
      to other preservation solutions and would permit successful 24-hr storage of
      livers.

PMID- 3409707
TI  - Cryopreservation of murine embryos with trehalose and glycerol.
AB  - Several concentrations of trehalose (0.0, 0.04, 0.1, 0.25 M) in combination with
      three concentrations of glycerol (1.0, 1.5, 2.0 M) were evaluated for the
      cryopreservation of murine embryos. Embryos were transferred through increasing
      concentrations of glycerol in Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline with 10% fetal
      calf serum (PBS + FCS) to reach the final glycerol concentrations. They were then
      randomly assigned to one of the concentrations of trehalose. A total of 506
      morulae were packaged individually in 0.25-ml plastic straws and cooled from
      ambient temperature at 1.0 degrees C/min in a programmable methanol freezer.
      Embryos were seeded at -7 degrees C and then cooled to -25 degrees C at 0.3
      degrees C/min before being plunged into liquid nitrogen. After thawing and a one
      step dilution of glycerol, embryos were cultured for 48 hr and viability was
      determined by blastocoel formation. Highest viability (70.0%) after 48 hr in
      culture was obtained for embryos frozen in 1.5 M glycerol plus 0.10 M trehalose
      as compared to 31% viability for embryos frozen with glycerol alone. These
      observations suggest that trehalose can be used in combination with glycerol as a
      cryoprotectant and that a high rate of viability can be achieved after a one-step
      dilution of the cryoprotectants.

PMID- 3409708
TI  - Cryomicroscope investigation and thermodynamic modeling of the freezing of
      unfertilized hamster ova.
AB  - Thermodynamic computer modeling was used to predict the freezing response of
      single-celled unfertilized hamster ova. The cell membrane transport
      characteristics were investigated, using a microscope diffusion chamber system.
      The mean osmotically inactive cell volume was determined to be 21.6% of the
      initial cell volume. An overall mean value of 0.8 +/- 0.1 micron3/micron2.min.atm
      (= 18 +/- 2.5 micron/sec) was determined for the membrane hydraulic coefficient,
      Lp. The effect of the extracellular solute concentration on Lp was determined at
      room temperature (approximately 23 degrees C). A thermodynamic computer model was
      used to predict the cell response to freezing. The predicted response was
      compared to the actual volumetric response observed during freezing on a
      temperature-controlled cryomicroscope conduction stage. The effect of the cooling
      rate on the nucleation temperature of unprotected ova and protected ova suspended
      in a 1.5 M DMSO solution was investigated. Overall mean nucleation temperatures
      of -13 and -57.1 degrees C were observed for unprotected and protected ova,
      respectively, where the mean nucleation temperature for protected ova was
      strongly cooling rate dependent.

PMID- 3409709
TI  - The "hibernation induction trigger": specificity and validity of bioassay using
      the 13-lined ground squirrel.
AB  - Even though the existence of the blood-borne "hibernation induction trigger" has
      been reported in the 13-lined ground squirrel, transfusion of plasma from
      hibernating rodents with other hibernating species as the recipients failed to
      induce the occurrence of summer hibernation. In order to verify whether the
      response to the "trigger" substance is species specific, the present study was
      carried out to compare the effect of plasma from hibernating Richardson's ground
      squirrels on the incidence of summer hibernation in both juvenile Richardson's
      and adult 13-lined ground squirrels. In two series of experiments, 13-lined
      ground squirrels entered hibernation quite readily independent of the treatment.
      The rate of occurrence of hibernation ranged from 78% after sham injection to 86%
      after warm saline, fresh summer active plasma, and fresh hibernating plasma,
      respectively. There were no differences in the number of hibernation bouts and
      the number of days in hibernation after each treatment. In contrast, none of the
      juvenile Richardson's ground squirrels entered hibernation after any of the
      treatments up to the end of the 8-week observation period. These results not only
      argue against the existence of blood-borne "trigger" substance, at least in the
      Richardson's ground squirrel, but also caution against the use of the 13-lined
      ground squirrel as a standard test animal for the bioassay of the "trigger"
      substance.

PMID- 3409711
TI  - Interpretation in doctor-patient interviews: a sociolinguistic analysis.
AB  - This paper discusses interpretation in doctor-patient interviews from a
      sociolinguistic perspective. A meaning-centered orientation to clinical practice
      calls for practitioners to create a clinical picture of the illness that is
      compatible with the patient's experience. This requires that appropriate
      interpretation of symptoms take place. Using transcripts of doctor-patient
      interviews, this paper demonstrates that another interpretive process, necessary
      to understanding illness, occurs at the level of conversation. Contrasting
      examples illustrate that without an adequate degree of "conversational
      cooperation," interpretation cannot take place. The results of poor
      conversational interpretation are the creation of an inaccurate clinical picture
      and the loss of clinically relevant information. The anthropological and
      sociolinguistic paradigms are linked by showing how differing perspectives on the
      illness affect conversational interpretation.

PMID- 3409712
TI  - Quantitative assessment of cynomolgus monkey trabecular cell phagocytosis and
      adsorption.
AB  - A simple double fluorescence technique is described which allows quantification
      of cynomolgus monkey trabecular cell phagocytosis and adsorption. Within the
      first hour of exposure, significant adsorbance and minimal phagocytosis of
      polystyrene beads was observed. Peak internalization occurred at six hours after
      increasing linearly at a rate of 20% of maximum per hour; adsorbance was constant
      and minimal.

PMID- 3409710
TI  - Angels with wet wings won't fly: maternal sentiment in Brazil and the image of
      neglect.
AB  - Current theories of fatalism and neglect and current descriptions of childhood
      illness in impoverished Northeastern Brazil are evaluated. Findings of an ongoing
      multidisciplinary project indicate that neglect and fatalism theories are
      incomplete as applied to the Brazilian Northeast. Intensive interviews and
      observations with bereaved mothers and traditional healers show that mothers'
      failure to obtain medical care for severely ill children is due more to real-life
      bureaucratic and geographic barriers to access than to fatalistic or neglectful
      attitudes on the part of the poor, that mothers' flat affect in response to
      infant deaths is due more to folk Catholic beliefs than to lack of emotional
      attachment to infants, that fatalistic statements are often post hoc and do not
      indicate fatalistic behavior, and that decisions about whether to treat severely
      ill infants are made by mothers and families in consultation with traditional
      healers in accord with a folk system of classification of high risk infants. What
      have been described as "death accepting," "pathogenic," and "ethnoeugenic"
      attitudes are part of a folk ethical system developed to guide reactions to
      terminal childhood illness. We argue that human behavior, especially in the realm
      of health, cannot be understood without reference to both biomedical and
      psychosocial realities.

PMID- 3409713
TI  - The quantification of eight enzymes from the ageing rat lens, with respect to sex
      differences and special reference to aldolase.
AB  - Eight enzymes, e.g. lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, fructose
      diphosphate aldolase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase,
      hexokinase, phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase were estimated quantitatively
      in the rat lens from 37 to 1,211 days of age, by spectrophotometric methods. The
      activity was expressed as mU/g LWW. All enzymes measured showed declining
      activities, but LDH, ALD, SDH, G-6-PDH, HK and PFK gave a significant decrease
      during ageing when plotted semi-logarithmically from 37 to 1,211 days. SDH and G
      6-PDH showed a statistically significant difference between the enzymes from the
      male and the female lenses. The female lens always had a lower activity than the
      male lens. Of all enzymes the specific activity, expressed as mU/l mg protein,
      was calculated. This specific activity appeared to be rather constant during
      ageing, except for ALD. In the female lenses, the specific activity of 7 enzymes
      was lower than in the male lenses. For ALD the specific activity decreased
      significantly in the male lens from 5.32 at 37 days to 0.88 at 1,211 days. In the
      female lens this significant decrease was from 4.97 to 0.81.

PMID- 3409714
TI  - Effects of vitreous from photocoagulated eyes on retinal microvascular cells in
      culture: a preliminary report.
AB  - Panretinal photocoagulation was carried out in mini pigs in an attempt to
      elucidate the mechanisms involved in laser therapy. The effect of the vitreous
      from these eyes on the proliferation of retinal microvascular endothelial cells
      was then studied. Vitreous removed 4 days after panretinal photocoagulation had
      no effect on the proliferation of bovine retinal microvascular endothelial cells
      in basal medium but inhibited proliferation in growth medium. Control vitreous
      was mitogenic for the microvascular cells in basal medium but this effect was not
      observed in growth medium.

PMID- 3409715
TI  - Comparison of conjunctival and corneal surface areas in rabbit and human.
AB  - This comparative study shows the surface area ratio of conjunctiva to cornea to
      be two times larger in humans than in rabbits. This large heretofore unrecognized
      interspecies difference may affect the applicability of drug pharmacokinetic data
      obtained using rabbit models and should be taken into consideration in topical
      drug development and future comparative drug penetration studies between rabbit
      and man.

PMID- 3409716
TI  - Biogenesis and content of rhodopsin in the retina of the chick during
      development.
AB  - Developmental aspects of the formation of rhodopsin in the chick were
      investigated. The content of rhodopsin was measured in the retina of the
      developing chick embryo, newly hatched and adult chickens by both spectral and
      immunological procedures. Rhodopsin was first detected spectrally at day 18
      (stage 43) with the level increasing about 6 fold through hatching. The
      concentration in the adult retina was about one half that present in the 1 day
      old chick. By the more sensitive procedure of radioimmunoassay (RIA), rhodopsin
      was detected as early as day 12 (stage 37), but was undetectable in the 8 day old
      embryo. The rhodopsin concentration remained low and relatively constant until
      day 17 (stage 42), at which point it increased rapidly up to hatching. Retina
      from the newly-hatched chick had a rhodopsin concentration some 30 fold higher
      than the 16 day old embryo (stage 41). The results of RIA indicate that the
      biosynthesis of rhodopsin may significantly precede the morphological appearance
      of outer segments.

PMID- 3409717
TI  - Corneal epithelial permeability and daily contact lens wear as determined by
      fluorophotometry.
AB  - The condition of the corneal epithelium of 57 non-, 18 soft-, 29 gas-permeable-
      and 26 hard contact lens-wearing eyes was investigated by fluorophotometric
      determination of the corneal epithelial permeability. The mean permeability
      values for non-, soft-, gas-permeable- and hard contact lens-wearing eyes were
      0.040 nm/s +/- 0.017 SD, 0.024 nm/s +/- 0.009 SD, 0.028 nm/s +/- 0.017 SD and
      0.044 nm/s +/- 0.020 SD, respectively. The mean permeability values for soft and
      gas-permeable contact lens-wearing eyes were significantly lower than that for
      non contact lens-wearing eyes (-40%, p less than 0.001 and -30%, p less than
      0.005); no significant difference was found between the mean values for hard and
      non contact lens-wearing eyes (p = 0.38).

PMID- 3409719
TI  - Smoking and coronary artery disease.

PMID- 3409718
TI  - Immunological analysis of a destructive pattern of intraocular tumor resolution.
AB  - Spontaneous rejection of syngeneic intraocular P91 mastocytoma occurred by a T
      cell-dependent immune process that produced extensive, irreparable damage to
      normal ocular tissue indicative of a delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) lesion.
      We investigated the contribution of other effector modalities in this tumor
      resolution. Antibody was not responsible for either tumor rejection of phthisis
      of the tumor-containing eye since passively transferred hyperimmune serum failed
      to produce either tumor rejection or the characteristic ocular lesions. Moreover,
      the destructive pattern of tumor rejection occurred in splenectomized hosts which
      had depressed anti-P91 serum antibody and in a congenic strain (B10.D2oSn)
      lacking the C5 complement component. The likelihood that tumor necrosis factor
      (TNF) was involved in this pathogenesis was also ruled out by the observation
      that P91 tumor cells were not susceptible to lysis by recombinant TNF. A
      different pattern of tumor resolution was observed when the opposite eye was
      challenged with tumor. In this case, the tumor was rejected without damaging any
      major ocular structures. Histological analysis demonstrated a mononuclear
      cellular infiltrate which was identified by immunohistology to be Thy 1+, Lyt 2+.
      Thus, although both forms of cell-mediated immunity are available to the host,
      only one predominated in each eye. These results suggest that unique
      immunological control mechanisms influence the outcome of tumor resolution in the
      eye.

PMID- 3409720
TI  - Measurement and interpretation of nonspecific bronchial reactivity.

PMID- 3409721
TI  - Bronchoalveolar lavage in the pneumoconioses. Who needs it?

PMID- 3409722
TI  - Pulmonary artery wedge pressure. Local variation and quality control.

PMID- 3409723
TI  - Airway responsiveness to inhaled histamine in chronic obstructive airways
      disease. Chronic bronchitis vs emphysema.
AB  - Airway responsiveness to inhaled histamine was examined in two groups of
      carefully selected patients with nonasthmatic chronic obstructive airways disease
      (COAD). Twelve patients with chronic bronchitis and airflow obstruction but
      little emphysema and 13 with predominantly emphysema and airflow obstruction but
      little bronchitis were selected based on history, chest roentgenogram, and
      diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (Dsb). Emphysema patients had less cough,
      less sputum, less chronic bronchitis, lower Dsb, and more radiographic evidence
      of vascular deficiency. There was no difference in anthropometric features,
      smoking history, atopic skin sensitivity, hemoglobin, blood eosinophilia, PaO2,
      PaCO2, ECG, lung volumes, or expiratory flow rates. The two groups had similar
      airway responsiveness to inhaled histamine; the geometric mean provocation
      concentrations producing a 20 percent FEV1 fall (PC20) was 0.56 mg/ml for the
      bronchitis patients and 0.28 mg/ml for the emphysema patients (p greater than
      0.20). Regression of log histamine PC20 vs percent predicted FEV1 showed a high
      correlation in both groups (r = 0.73, p less than 0.01 in bronchitis and r =
      0.79, p less than 0.001 in emphysema). The regression lines were almost
      identical. These data suggest that in COAD bronchial responsiveness to inhaled
      histamine is mainly due to the altered airway geometry, and that there is no
      difference in histamine responsiveness between patients with emphysematous COAD
      and nonemphysematous COAD with chronic bronchitis.

PMID- 3409725
TI  - The relationship between lung cancer and asbestos exposure.
AB  - This study supports the theory that asbestos exposure may be implicated in a
      recent upsurge of terminal lung cancer cases in Kure, Japan. The number of
      asbestos bodies found in the lung during autopsy of 158 subjects from 1984 to
      1986 suggests that 70.4 percent of the 51 diagnosed lung cancer cases could be
      attributed to asbestos exposure. Of the 107 subjects in whom death was not caused
      by cancer, 38.4 percent had significant asbestos exposure. Types of asbestos
      bodies found in diagnosed lung cancer cases were analyzed using scanning electron
      microscopy and x-ray analyzer. Chrysotile was the most widely found component,
      but amphiboles such as crocidolite and amosite also were detected. Residents of
      Kure had high exposure to the inhalation of asbestos bodies, possibly related to
      the upsurge in lung cancer deaths. In our earlier report, asbestos exposure was
      implicated in the increased incidence of malignant mesothelioma in Kure, an
      active Japanese ship-building port since the 1920s. Our current findings indicate
      that asbestos exposure may be a pathogenic factor in lung cancer in world
      seaports where asbestos exposure has been prevalent.

PMID- 3409724
TI  - Natural killer cell activity in asbestos workers. Interactive effects of smoking
      and asbestos exposure.
AB  - Both the numbers and function of natural killer (NK) cells in 60 were evaluated
      in asbestos cement workers grouped by smoking history and chest roentgenogram
      findings (ILO profusion scores less than 1/0 or greater than or equal to 1/0, or
      isolated pleural plaques). Worker and control subjects who smoked had smoking
      histories of less than 27 pack-years, a level of smoking lower than that
      previously determined to adversely affect NK function. Asbestos workers who did
      not smoke had percentages and total numbers of NK cells and NK function not
      different from that of nonsmoker control subjects. Workers who smoked and had
      evidence of asbestosis (ILO profusion category greater than or equal to 1/0) had
      significantly lower total numbers of NK cells and mononuclear cell NK activity
      than did smoker control subjects or smokers with pleural plaques only (p less
      than or equal to 0.05). Numbers of NK cells and NK cell function were not
      decreased in either of the asbestos-exposed smoking groups without asbestosis
      when compared to nonsmoker controls. We conclude that smoking and asbestos
      exposure interact to decrease mononuclear cell NK function in workers with levels
      of asbestos exposure sufficient to induce asbestosis. This finding may explain in
      part the previously reported synergistic effect of smoking and asbestos exposure
      on the risk of lung cancer. Furthermore, the data presented here clarify previous
      conflicting reports on NK function where asbestos exposed groups have not been
      stratified for analysis of data.

PMID- 3409726
TI  - Local variations of pulmonary arterial wedge pressure and wedge angiograms in
      patients with chronic lung disease.
AB  - This study was undertaken in 23 patients with chronic lung disease to determine
      whether local wedge pressure variability is related to the state of the local
      perfusion as observed in distal wedge angiograms. We also compared the
      variability of the pressures obtained after distal (mechanical) and proximal
      (balloon inflation) wedging of a catheter in three to six different sites in each
      patient. When the wedge pressure measurements were repeated in the same site (n =
      7), the mean of the absolute differences was below 1 mm Hg. In individual
      patients, the maximal pressure difference between sites ranged from 0 to 6 mm Hg
      for Ppw and from 1 to 12 mm Hg for Pdw. The range in Pdw increased from normal to
      abnormal angiograms. These results suggest that when Pdw is high in one region,
      it may correspond to local perfusion abnormalities. When the wedge pressure is
      measured repeatedly or under different conditions, it should be determined after
      wedging the catheter in the same location for all of the periods of observation.

PMID- 3409727
TI  - Cardiac arrhythmias during the combined use of intravenous aminophylline and
      terbutaline in status asthmaticus.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to evaluate prospectively the occurrence of cardiac
      arrhythmias during the combined therapy with intravenous aminophylline and
      terbutaline in 29 consecutive patients with status asthmaticus. The 24-hour
      Holter recordings were performed during continuous intravenous infusions of
      aminophylline (0.56 +/- 0.20 mg/kg/h) and terbutaline (0.034 +/- 0.014
      microgram/kg/min). Serum theophylline concentration was 12.1 +/- 3.8
      micrograms/ml and never reached the toxic level (greater than 20 micrograms/ml).
      Premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) were absent in 35 percent of patients
      and 48 percent had rare unifocal PVCs (less than 10/h). Only 17 percent of
      patients (five of 29) exhibited severe ventricular arrhythmias: PVCs greater than
      10/h (n = 3), multifocal PVCs (n = 1); and a short run of ventricular tachycardia
      (n = 1). Serious supraventricular arrhythmias occurred in only 7 percent of
      patients (two of 29) who developed sustained runs of atrial tachycardia. These
      arrhythmias were always clinically well tolerated and spontaneously resolved
      without any antiarrhythmic treatment. We conclude that severe arrhythmias are
      rarely observed during combined therapy with aminophylline and terbutaline in
      status asthmaticus.

PMID- 3409728
TI  - Combination high dose amrinone and dopamine in the management of moribund
      cardiogenic shock after open heart surgery.
AB  - Two patients who suffered severe cardiogenic shock after open-heart surgery were
      successfully resuscitated with high doses of amrinone and dopamine. Both patients
      had required cardiopulmonary resuscitation and neither was responsive to more
      conventional mechanical and pharmacologic intervention. Neither patient suffered
      any serious side effects and both were eventually discharged from the hospital in
      good condition. These two case reports suggest the potential for using higher
      than previously reported doses of amrinone in combination with dopamine for the
      successful treatment of moribund cardiogenic shock in the post open-heart
      surgical patient. Further studies are needed to assess whether this high-dose
      drug combination will be successful in patients who present with severe
      cardiogenic shock unrelated to the post open-heart surgical setting.

PMID- 3409729
TI  - The effects of coronary artery disease on cardiac function in nonhypotensive
      sepsis.
AB  - To assess the effects of coronary artery disease on cardiac function in the
      presence of sepsis, we compared several hemodynamic indices in two groups of
      septic patients. Group 1 (n = 69) consisted of patients with nonhypotensive
      sepsis without coronary artery disease. Group 2 (n = 25) comprised septic
      patients who had clinical evidence of coronary artery disease. All patients were
      hemodynamically stable and normotensive at the time of the study. None required
      inotropic support. While the two groups had similar mean heart rates, mean blood
      pressures, and biventricular filling pressures, the mean cardiac index was
      significantly lower in group 2 (3.5 +/- 0.9 L/min/m2 vs 4.4 +/- 1.2; p less than
      0.05). This lower cardiac index was related to significantly lower end-diastolic
      volume indices in group #2, not to differences in contractility between groups.
      Since the ventricular filling pressures of the groups were similar, the
      differences in end-diastolic volumes indicate differences in the biventricular
      compliance. In the presence of hyperdynamic, nonhypotensive sepsis, coronary
      artery disease was associated with a clinically significant impairment of
      biventricular compliance, which resulted in a reduction in cardiac output and
      systemic oxygen transport.

PMID- 3409730
TI  - Serial exercise testing in pulmonary embolism.
AB  - A patient underwent exercise testing during evaluation for unexplained dyspnea.
      Evidence of ventilation-perfusion mismatch was noted and subsequent testing
      revealed multiple pulmonary emboli. Ventilation perfusion parameters by serial
      exercise testing progressively improved during the course of the patient's
      illness but did not totally normalize. A discussion of the utility of exercise
      testing in the evaluation of the patient with unexplained dyspnea is provided and
      the potential value of serial exercise testing in the management of patients with
      pulmonary emboli is discussed.

PMID- 3409731
TI  - Upper airway obstruction following adult respiratory distress syndrome. An
      analysis of 30 survivors.
AB  - To evaluate the effects of current supportive care measures for the adult
      respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) upon the upper airway, we studied 30
      survivors of ARDS. All patients were interviewed and examined and performed
      inspiratory and expiratory maximal flow-volume curves more than six months after
      the onset of ARDS. Three women had developed symptomatic upper airway obstruction
      due to laryngotracheal stenosis 4 to 12 months after discharge from the hospital.
      Potential etiologic factors included difficult orotracheal intubation (one) and
      high tracheal cuff pressures (one). The three survivors who developed
      laryngotracheal stenoses did not differ from the 27 survivors of ARDS without
      symptomatic upper airway obstruction with respect to age, duration of tracheal
      intubation, or maximum level of positive end-expiratory pressure. Each patient
      with upper airway obstruction required more than one operation for
      laryngotracheal reconstruction. Although corrective surgery improved airflow, two
      survivors of ARDS had upper airway obstruction and exertional dyspnea more than
      five years after the ARDS. We conclude that upper airway obstruction is an
      important cause of dyspnea and impairment following ARDS. Exertional dyspnea
      weeks to months following treatment for ARDS suggests the possibility of
      laryngotracheal stenosis.

PMID- 3409733
TI  - Lung function in silica-exposed workers. A relationship to disease severity
      assessed by CT scan.
AB  - To investigate the relationship of lung function, airflow limitation, and lung
      injury in silica-exposed workers, we analyzed the clinical, functional, and
      radiologic data of 94 long-term workers exposed in the granite industry or in
      foundries. The subjects were divided into four subsets based on chest
      roentgenogram and CT scan of the thorax: group 1 consisted of 21 subjects with
      category 0 chest roentgenogram and category 0 CT scan; group 2, 28 subjects with
      category E 1 on both chest roentgenogram and CT scan; group 3, 18 subjects with
      category E 1 on chest roentgenogram but with coalescence or conglomeration or
      both seen only on CT scan; and group 4, 27 subjects with category E 1 and
      coalescence or conglomeration or both on roentgenogram and CT scan. The groups
      did not differ in terms of age, height, cigarette smoking, or years of exposure.
      Lung volumes were significantly reduced only in group 4 (p less than 0.05). Lung
      compliance, diffusion capacity, and the rest-exercise P(A-a)O2 gradient were
      reduced in groups 3 and 4 (p less than 0.05). Expiratory flow rates were
      significantly reduced in groups 2, 3, and 4, with the lowest values in group 4.
      The expiratory flow rates in group 3 were significantly lower in group 3 than in
      group 2. These results support the concept that airflow in silica-exposed workers
      is significantly reduced when the disease is detectable on simple chest
      roentgenogram; coalescence or conglomeration or both on chest roentgenogram or CT
      scan is associated with significant loss of lung volumes, gas exchange function,
      and increased airflow obstruction.

PMID- 3409732
TI  - Do patients with sleep apnea die in their sleep?
AB  - Patients with sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) show cardiac dysrhythmias in association
      with cyclical nocturnal hypoxemia; are they at risk of dying during sleep? To
      assess this claim, we reviewed the clinical course of 91 patients with
      polysomnographically documented SAS between July 1978 and June 1986. A control
      group was comprised of 35 patients who were referred with symptoms suggestive of
      SAS but had negative sleep studies. Follow-up was obtained by survey
      questionnaire. Nine of 91 SAS and four of 35 control patients had died by
      completion of the study. There were no statistically significant differences in
      mortality between the two groups. None of the SAS patients died in their sleep,
      but they reported a higher incidence of disability and vehicular mishaps than did
      control subjects. The findings in this study do not support the hypothesis that
      SAS patients are at increased risk of dying in their sleep.

PMID- 3409735
TI  - Acute mercury poisoning and mercurial pneumonitis from gold ore purification.
AB  - We describe four men who had symptoms of acute mercury poisoning following
      exposure to mercury vapor. They were attempting home gold ore purification using
      a gold-mercury amalgam and sulfuric acid. Three of the four patients required
      treatment with penicillamine. The clinical and laboratory data are presented
      along with pulmonary function test results. Long-term follow-up of one patient
      indicates residual morbidity, with continued reduction in pulmonary diffusing
      capacity. This suggests permanent impairment of pulmonary function despite prompt
      chelation therapy.

PMID- 3409734
TI  - Suppurative mediastinitis after open heart surgery. A case control study of risk
      factors.
AB  - Suppurative mediastinitis occurred in 68 of 9,965 patients (0.7 percent) who
      underwent median sternotomy at Emory University Hospital from 1973 through 1982.
      Case-control methodology was used to identify preoperative, intraoperative, and
      postoperative risk factors for the development of poststernotomy mediastinitis.
      The following 12 individually significant risk factors were identified by
      univariate analysis: preoperative factors: history of chronic obstructive
      pulmonary disease (COPD), history of prior sternotomy, pyuria, low ejection
      fraction, and high left ventricular end-diastolic pressure; intraoperative
      factors: valvular or aortic aneurysm surgery, prolonged bypass pump time, repeat
      placement on bypass, duration of surgery; and postoperative factors: surgical
      reexploration due to postoperative hemorrhage, cardiopulmonary resuscitation in
      the immediate postoperative period, prolonged time (greater than 48 hours) on
      mechanical ventilation. By logistic regression analysis, three of these factors
      were found to be associated independently with increased odds of developing
      mediastinitis: duration of surgery, history of COPD, and prolonged postoperative
      mechanical ventilation.

PMID- 3409736
TI  - Transbronchial biopsy without fluoroscopy. A seven-year perspective.
AB  - The use of fluoroscopic guidance for transbronchial biopsy (TBB) during flexible
      fiberoptic bronchoscopic examination has been controversial. Patient records and
      bronchoscopy reports for 112 transbronchial biopsies performed with fluoroscopy
      over a seven-year period were reviewed and compared with those of 135
      transbronchial biopsies performed without fluoroscopy over the same interval.
      Complication rates with regard to pneumothorax, fever, and hemorrhage were
      compared, as were yield data for neoplasm, sarcoidosis, and other miscellaneous
      pulmonary diagnoses. Complication rates were low in both groups and not
      statistically different; yield data were likewise comparable, particularly in
      diffuse neoplasm and sarcoidosis. This report suggests that TBB without
      fluoroscopy (in the basilar segments) is safe and that diagnostic yield,
      particularly in sarcoidosis and diffuse neoplasm, is good.

PMID- 3409737
TI  - A new versatile transbronchial cytology needle for the staging and diagnosis of
      bronchogenic carcinoma.
AB  - A new versatile transbronchial needle, the modified type 2B retractable needle,
      was used for the staging and diagnosis of bronchogenic carcinoma. It combines the
      advantages of its predecessors, the fixed type 1A needle and the retractable type
      2A needle, such as convenience of usage and the added ability to sample
      peripheral as well as central lesions. The new modified type 2B retractable
      needle provides better protection of the airways and bronchoscope than the fixed
      type 1A needle and eliminates the type 2A needle's requirement for total removal
      of the guidewire before aspiration. The new type 2B needle was compared with
      either the original fixed type 1A or the retractable type 2A needle in 20
      patients at 34 transbronchial sites and found a similar diagnostic yield. The
      modified type 2B retractable needle was the most versatile needle of those
      studied and can be used for transbronchial needle aspiration of both central and
      peripheral lesions.

PMID- 3409738
TI  - Prediction of normal spirometric values for adults incapable of standing.
AB  - A significant problem exists in predicting normal values for pulmonary function
      in subjects unable to stand for measurement of height. We studied 196 normal men
      and women to determine the relationship between sitting and standing height. Two
      predictors of standing height are recommended: (1) standing-to-sitting height
      ratio; and (2) multiple regression equations using sitting height and age. Either
      of these relationships can be selected as a predictor of height for substitution
      into any standard spirometric prediction equations. Spirometric prediction
      equations using age and sitting height are also presented.

PMID- 3409739
TI  - Restricted pulmonary function in cystic fibrosis.
AB  - Some patients with cystic fibrosis have reduced pulmonary volumes, indicating a
      restrictive pattern of pulmonary disease. We identified ten patients with
      pulmonary functional evidence of restriction among 158 patients with cystic
      fibrosis followed at the University of California San Diego Medical Center in
      1984 and 1985. We characterized the radiographic, pulmonary functional, and
      clinical characteristics of these restricted patients compared to matched
      nonrestricted patients. Pulmonary volumes were measured by three different
      techniques: plethysmography; nitrogen washout; and radiography. Except for
      plethysmographic pulmonary volumes, there were no significant differences between
      the matched restricted and nonrestricted patients. Radiographic pulmonary volume
      tended to overestimate gas volume measured by the other techniques. Differences
      among these techniques (thought to represent air-space filling) correlated best
      with radiographic evidence of air trapping and bronchial markings and not with
      parenchymal lesions. Serial pulmonary function tests demonstrated changes in
      pulmonary volume in several patients and a trend toward improvement in pulmonary
      volume in the restricted patients over time. We conclude that restricted
      pulmonary function does not necessarily indicate more severe disease in patients
      with cystic fibrosis and may be reversible in some. The mechanism of restriction
      may be related more to radiographic evidence of airway disease than to
      parenchymal abnormalities.

PMID- 3409741
TI  - Endobronchial electrocautery.
AB  - Endobronchial electrocautery is a tool with diagnostic and therapeutic
      applications in the management of obstructing endobronchial disease. We have
      performed cautery procedures in 18 patients. Of these 18, five patients had
      benign diagnoses and 13 had malignancies. All patients with benign lesions had
      only endobronchial resections and four have done well. Four procedures resulted
      in the establishment of a diagnosis which had eluded other biopsy techniques. In
      11 patients with malignant disease, electrocautery was used for palliation of
      airway obstruction, and in two patients, the snare was used as a biopsy
      technique. There have been no complications while utilizing the snare; however,
      application of electrocautery probes was associated with two complications. Our
      experience demonstrates the value and safety of using cautery wire snares to
      diagnose and treat endobronchial lesions.

PMID- 3409740
TI  - The effect of intravenous amiodarone on heart rate in patients with acute
      myocardial infarction or ischemia and sinus tachycardia.
AB  - The effect of intravenous (IV) amiodarone (300 mg) on heart rate was investigated
      in 22 patients with acute myocardial infarction (18) or ischemia (4) and sinus
      tachycardia. There were 11 men and 11 women (age range, 48 to 83 years; mean,
      63.5). Amiodarone IV slowed the mean heart rate from 109 +/- 14 beats/min to 94
      +/- 15 beats/min (p less than 0.0005). There was a linear correlation between the
      initial heart rate (preamiodarone) and the final heart rate (postamiodarone), (r
      = 0.6930, p less than 0.0005). Most of the patients with initial heart rates
      higher than the mean maintained relatively high heart rates (above the mean),
      while most patients with lower initial heart rates showed low heart rates (below
      the mean) after amiodarone administration. Patients in Killip class 1 showed a
      significant reduction in heart rate after receiving amiodarone, from a mean of
      105 +/- 10 to 88 +/- 11 beats/min (p less than 0.01). Patients in Killip class 2
      also had reduced heart rates (118 +/- 14 to 81 +/- 39 beats/min), but these
      changes were not statistically significant. Of the three patients in Killip class
      3 to 4, the heart rate slowed by 10 beats/min in one, while in the remaining two
      no changes were observed. There were no significant side effects from the
      administration of amiodarone.

PMID- 3409742
TI  - Posterior mediastinal goiter.
AB  - Because of their tendency to progressively enlarge with compression of adjacent
      structures, as well as the small chance of malignancy, most intrathoracic goiters
      should be excised surgically. Most anterior substernal goiters and some
      ipsilateral posterior mediastinal goiters can be removed safely through a
      cervical incision. Large posterior mediastinal goiters, contralateral
      retrotracheal or retroesophageal posterior mediastinal goiters, and isolated
      mediastinal goiters with no significant cervical connection are best removed
      through a combined cervical and thoracic approach. The Lahey Clinic experience
      with three patients with posterior mediastinal goiter is described.

PMID- 3409743
TI  - Clinical characteristics of the patient with nonspecific pleuritis.
AB  - To determine if patients with nonspecific pleuritis could be clinically
      distinguished from those with malignant or granulomatous pleural disease, the
      medical records and chest roentgenograms of all patients who had a closed needle
      biopsy of the pleura during a five-year period from January 1979 to December 1983
      were reviewed. A total of 119 patients were categorized based upon their ultimate
      diagnosis as having malignant (n = 41), granulomatous (n = 25), or nonspecific
      pleuritis (n = 53). Weight loss, fever greater than 38 degrees, a positive PPD, a
      pleural fluid lymphocytosis of greater than 95 percent, and an effusion which
      occupied more than half a hemithorax were significantly more common in the
      patients with malignant or granulomatous disease. Based on these results, a
      conservative approach is recommended for the patient with an initial biopsy which
      reveals only nonspecific pleuritis who has none of the criteria, but an
      aggressive diagnostic work-up in the individual with two or more criteria is
      advocated.

PMID- 3409744
TI  - HLA-DQw alloantigens and pulmonary dysfunction in rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - HLA-DR4 and keratoconjunctivitis sicca (secondary Sjogren's syndrome) are
      associated with abnormal pulmonary function in patients with rheumatoid
      arthritis. Since recent investigations have found that much of the genomic
      polymorphism of the HLA-DR4 haplotype comes from the closely linked DQw allele,
      we reanalyzed this set of data to evaluate the relationship between the DQw
      allotypes and pulmonary function in rheumatoid arthritis. Using a step-wise
      regression analysis, we found that the presence of DQw1 was a stronger predictor
      of an abnormal forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one
      second (FEV1), and carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (D) than the presence of
      DR4, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, smoking status, or any other clinical parameter.
      DQw1-positive patients had a mean (+/- SD) percent of predicted FEV1, FVC, and D
      of 84.2 (+/- 19.8), 88.0 (+/- 17.9) and 85.6 (+/- 20.9) percent, respectively,
      all significantly lower than DQw-1 negative patients (p = 0.02, 0.02, and 0.03).
      Smokers with the heterozygous phenotype, DQw1/DQw3, tended to have obstructive
      disease of the airways, with a mean (+/- SD) FEV1 of 80.1 +/- 24.4 percent of
      predicted, compared to 95.7 +/- 12.1 percent of predicted in DQw1/DQw3-negative
      individuals (p = 0.03). Patients who had a DQw2 allele were more likely to have
      normal pulmonary function. We conclude that the HLA-DQw1 allotype is a strong
      predictor of abnormal pulmonary function and that it may identify smoking
      subjects with rheumatoid arthritis subjects who are prone to develop obstruction
      of airflow.

PMID- 3409745
TI  - Withholding and withdrawal of life support from critically ill patients.

PMID- 3409746
TI  - An abnormal chest radiograph in a patient with recurring high altitude pulmonary
      edema.

PMID- 3409747
TI  - Management of a mildly symptomatic 65-year-old woman with an atrial septal defect
      in the setting of normal pulmonary artery pressure.

PMID- 3409748
TI  - Pseudoatrioventricular block due to concealed junctional ectopic impulses.

PMID- 3409749
TI  - Chronic skin eruptions preceding a cavitating lung lesion.

PMID- 3409750
TI  - Science marches on--to what end?

PMID- 3409751
TI  - Hemorrhagic pulmonary edema associated with meat tenderizer treatment for
      esophageal meat impaction.
AB  - We describe a case of acute hemorrhagic pulmonary edema caused by aspiration of
      Adolph's meat tenderizer, used in an attempt to relieve an esophageal meat
      impaction. We performed an animal experiment in which bronchial instillation of a
      similar solution reproduced the clinical findings in our patient. This is a
      previously unreported and potentially lethal complication of a therapy that has
      never been submitted to clinical trials. We recommend against the use of this
      therapy for patients with complete esophageal obstruction or in those otherwise
      at risk for aspiration.

PMID- 3409752
TI  - Diagnosis of pulmonary strongyloidiasis by bronchoalveolar lavage.
AB  - Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed on a patient with disseminated
      strongyloidiasis and 4.5 X 10(7) cells/65 ml of lavage fluid were recovered.
      Eighty-five percent of cells were polymorphonuclear leukocytes; 15 percent were
      pulmonary alveolar macrophages. Rhabditiform larvae (1 X 10(4)) were recovered in
      65 ml of lavage fluid. This is the first report of bronchoalveolar lavage used in
      diagnosing disseminated strongyloidiasis.

PMID- 3409753
TI  - Pulmonary leiomyomatosis showing endobronchial extension and giant cyst
      formation.
AB  - A 49-year-old woman who had previously undergone hysterectomy was found to have
      multiple pulmonary masses and cysts and experienced respiratory failure.
      Bronchoscopic study revealed an endobronchial mass obstructing the left main
      bronchus and protruding into the trachea. She was treated with an endoscopic
      laser to eliminate the airway obstruction. After recovery from the respiratory
      failure, two-stage thoracotomies were performed at six-month intervals. The
      endobronchial mass originated from a tumor in the left basal segment. The
      histologic findings on the cysts and nodules of both lungs were compatible with
      fibroleiomyoma. The final diagnosis was pulmonary leiomyomatosis with myoma
      uteri.

PMID- 3409754
TI  - Chronic constrictive pericarditis associated with asbestosis.
AB  - Observation of chronic constrictive pericarditis associated with pulmonary
      asbestosis is reported here. Heart catheterization revealed typical patterns of
      cardiac constriction. The diagnosis of asbestosis was based on pathologic
      features associated with a long history of asbestos dust exposure without
      evidence for tuberculosis. The etiology of this constrictive pericarditis was
      related to an asbestosis pericarditis involvement.

PMID- 3409755
TI  - Thymoma displaying endobronchial polypoid growth.

PMID- 3409756
TI  - Two-to-one sinoatrial block. Normalization by carotid massage.
AB  - In a clinical case of 2:1 sinoatrial block, carotid massage, paradoxically,
      released the sinoatrial block and doubled the manifest sinus rate. This resulted
      from a deceleration of the sinus discharge rate which allowed consecutive sinus
      impulses to traverse the sinoatrial junction.

PMID- 3409757
TI  - Talcosis presenting as pulmonary infiltrates in an HIV-positive heroin addict.
AB  - A case of an HIV-positive young drug addict presenting with fever, respiratory
      distress, and pulmonary infiltrates is reported. Pulmonary talcosis was diagnosed
      by transbronchial biopsy. The differential diagnosis of pulmonary infiltrates in
      HIV-positive patients is reviewed and the predisposition of drug addicts to
      develop both HIV infection, as well as pulmonary talcosis, is discussed.
      Pulmonary talcosis must be considered in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary
      infiltrates of HIV-positive drug addicts.

PMID- 3409758
TI  - Massive hemothorax due to intrathoracic extramedullary hematopoiesis in a patient
      with thalassemia intermedia.
AB  - We report the case of a 49-year-old woman with thalassemia intermedia who
      developed a massive hemothorax due to hemorrhage from a large intrathoracic,
      paraspinal hematopoietic mass. Thoracotomy was required for initial control of
      bleeding. Postoperatively she received a total of 1,500 rads to the mass and has
      not had recurrence of the hemothorax. This complication of extramedullary
      hematopoiesis has not been previously reported, to our knowledge.

PMID- 3409759
TI  - Pathogenesis of cerebral air embolism during neodymium-YAG laser photoresection.
AB  - We describe a case of air embolism complicating neodymium-YAG laser resection of
      an endobronchial carcinoid tumor. A 27-year-old man experienced an acute
      neurologic syndrome during laser photoresection which responded to acute
      hyperbaric therapy.

PMID- 3409760
TI  - Haziness of the right hemithorax in a newborn.
AB  - We describe a neonate with an accessory diaphragm, a rare congenital anomaly. It
      almost always occurs in the right hemithorax, which appears diffusely hazy on the
      anterior chest roentgenogram. The lateral chest roentgenogram is essential in the
      diagnosis of this condition.

PMID- 3409762
TI  - Differing opinions on hyperbaric oxygen therapy.

PMID- 3409761
TI  - Idiopathic isolated pulmonary arteritis with chronic cor pulmonale.
AB  - Multiple obstructions of the proximal pulmonary arteries were found in a patient
      with pulmonary hypertension and chronic cor pulmonale without any systemic
      arterial lesions. An operation to relieve severe stenosis at the right main
      pulmonary artery provided great clinical improvement. Pathologic examination of
      the biopsied specimen revealed a nonspecific panarteritis with giant cells
      consistent with idiopathic isolated pulmonary arteritis.

PMID- 3409763
TI  - HIV infection and tuberculosis in Turkey.

PMID- 3409764
TI  - [Evaluation of the results of total endoprosthesis of the hip joint].

PMID- 3409765
TI  - [Results of the treatment of fractures of the distal epiphysis of the femur].

PMID- 3409766
TI  - [Treatment of selected injuries of the knee joint by a high-frequency impulse
      magnetic field].

PMID- 3409767
TI  - [Surgical procedures in rheumatoid arthritis of the knee joint in our case
      material].

PMID- 3409768
TI  - [Use of arthroscopy in rheumatology and rheumatological and orthopedic practice].

PMID- 3409769
TI  - [Elongation of the leg by the Wagner method].

PMID- 3409770
TI  - [Transplantation of the second toe to replace a missing thumb].

PMID- 3409771
TI  - [Restoration of the grip function of the hand by transplanting the second toe to
      replace an amputated thumb].

PMID- 3409772
TI  - [Various developmental forms of the crural muscles simulating soft tissue
      tumors].

PMID- 3409773
TI  - [Use of a free flap from the latissimus dorsi muscle in the treatment of
      extensive damage of crural tissues].

PMID- 3409774
TI  - [Bilateral trans- and epicondylar fractures of the femur treated by the "Zespol"
      method].

PMID- 3409775
TI  - [Surgical treatment of trochanteric fractures using McLaughlin's nail-plate].

PMID- 3409776
TI  - Kinetochore appearance during meiosis, fertilization and mitosis in mouse oocytes
      and zygotes.
AB  - The events of mammalian fertilization overlap with the completion of meiosis and
      first mitosis; the pro-nuclei never fuse, instead the parental genomes first
      intermix at the mitotic spindle equator at metaphase. Since kinetochores are
      essential for the attachment of chromosomes to spindle microtubules, this study
      explores their appearance and behavior in mouse oocytes, zygotes and embryos
      undergoing the completion of meiosis, fertilization and mitoses. Kinetochores are
      traced with immunofluorescence microscopy using autoimmune sera from patients
      with CREST (CREST = calcinosis, Raynaud's phenomenon, esophageal dysmotility,
      sclerodactyly, telangiectasia) scleroderma. These sera cross-react with the 17
      kDa centromere protein (CENP-A) and the 80 kDa centromere protein (CENP-B) found
      at the kinetochores in human cell cultures. The unfertilized oocyte is ovulated
      arrested at second meiotic metaphase and kinetochores are detectable as paired
      structures aligned at the spindle equator. At meiotic anaphase, the kinetochores
      separate and remain aligned at the distal sides of the chromosomes until
      telophase, when their alignment perpendicular to the spindle axis is lost. The
      female pronucleus and the second polar body nucleus each receive a detectable
      complement of kinetochores. Mature sperm have neither detectable centrosomes nor
      detectable kinetochores, and shortly after sperm incorporation kinetochores
      become detectable in the decondensing male pronucleus. In pronuclei, the
      kinetochores are initially distributed randomly and later found in apposition
      with nucleoli. At mitosis, the kinetochores behave in a pattern similar to that
      observed at meiosis or mitosis in somatic cells: irregular distribution at
      prophase, alignment at metaphase, separation at anaphase and redistribution at
      telophase. They are also detectable in later stage embryos. Colcemid treatment
      disrupts the meiotic spindle and results in the dispersion of the meiotic
      chromosomes along the oocyte cortex; the chromosomes remain condensed with
      detectable kinetochores. Fertilization of Colcemid-treated oocytes results in the
      incorporation of a sperm which is unable to decondense into a male pronucleus.
      Remarkably kinetochores become detectable at 5 h post-insemination, suggesting
      that the emergence of the paternal kinetochores is not strictly dependent on male
      pronuclear decondensation.

PMID- 3409777
TI  - Chromosomal localization of Sau3A repetitive DNA revealed by in situ
      hybridization.
AB  - The Sau3A DNA family consists of unique alphoid human repetitive DNA which is
      prone to be excised from the chromosomes and exhibits restriction fragment length
      polymorphism. We studied the chromosomal localization of the DNA by in situ
      hybridization using cultured normal human lymphocytes. Under standard
      hybridization conditions, the sequence hybridized with the centromeric regions of
      chromosomes 1, 2, 4, 11, 15, 17, 18, 19 and X, but under high stringency
      hybridization conditions, it hybridized with the centromeric regions of
      chromosomes 1, 17 and X, and particularly chromosome 11. Based on these results,
      we discuss the evolutionary relationship among the sequences of the Sau3A DNA
      family.

PMID- 3409778
TI  - Gene activity of polytene chromosomes in Drosophila species of the obscura group.
AB  - The polytene chromosome puffing patterns of Drosophila guanche were established
      and compared with those of Drosophila subobscura. A total of 150 loci, active in
      some of the 17 developmental stages studied, were described and 23 of them were
      found to form the characteristic puffing pattern of D. guanche. Taking into
      account the number of puffs as well as the gene activity of each chromosome and
      the total gene activity, D. guanche seems to be less active than D. subobscura.
      Although both species show a degree of homology in their puffing patterns lower
      than that found for sibling species, the degree of homology is stronger than that
      between species belonging to the same group but to different subgroups. Thus, D.
      guanche and D. subobscura must be considered as phylogenetically closely related
      species, belonging to the same subgroup.

PMID- 3409780
TI  - Novel infectious agents and the central nervous system.

PMID- 3409779
TI  - The behaviour of fragile X and other aberrations during recovery from low folate
      conditions.
AB  - Whole blood from two mentally retarded fra-X brothers was grown in low folate
      medium where fra-X expression was enhanced. Bromodeoxyuridine was added to
      mitigate the low folate conditions and metaphases were sampled sequentially, and
      stained for replication banding, through one cell cycle of recovery. The
      replication bands allowed detailed analysis of the cell cycle and the allocation
      of individual cells to precise sub-phases. Various classes of fra-X and all other
      types of chromosomal aberrations were scored in these classified cells. The fra-X
      does not conform in morphology to any of the known simple chromatid intrachange
      types, which were often present within the same cells, but the subsequent fall in
      frequency once bromodeoxyuridine was added closely paralleled that of the
      conventional aberrations. Normal folate level frequencies of fra-X are restored
      by the time early S-phase cells (sub-phase SkI) reach metaphase. When sub-phased
      cells are rearranged in true chronological sequence, there is a suggestion of a
      sudden fall in frequency between SkII-III (about 70% of the transit of S). This
      suggests that the critical point for low folate enhancement occurs in this region
      of the S-phase. This is somewhat earlier than the band-appearance distribution
      curve for Xq27 which lies within sub-phase SkIV.

PMID- 3409782
TI  - Selective staining of immature hemopoietic cells with merocyanine 540 in flow
      cytometry.
AB  - Merocyanine 540 (MC540) has been reported to bind hemopoietic cells specifically.
      In this study, MC540 was used as a probe for the cytofluorometric discrimination
      of hemopoietic cells. In PHA-stimulated lymphocytes or HL-60 cells induced to
      differentiate with DMSO, MC540 binding was increased in actively proliferating
      cells and undifferentiated cells as compared with the more differentiated cells
      of the same lineage. Mononuclear bone marrow cells exhibited a discrete
      distribution of MC fluorescence. Sorting a population with high MC540
      fluorescence (MC+ population) produced a 9-14-fold enrichment of granulocyte
      macrophage progenitors (CFU-GM), and a recovery of all S-G2M phase cells
      (BrdUrd/DNA analysis). Cytological examination of the sorted MC+ population
      confirmed the enrichment in immature cells from all lineages. Double-labeling
      experiments using MC540 and Hoechst 33342 on total bone marrow or peripheral
      blood cells confirmed that the MC+ population included all the cycling cells. The
      proportion of S-G2M phase cells in this MC+ population was 29.3 +/- 7.8 for 15
      bone marrow samples and 16.3 +/- 6.8 for 10 blood samples. MC540 could therefore
      be used as a marker for human hemopoietic cells, and it represents a useful tool
      for investigation of hemopoiesis in normal or leukemic bone marrow.

PMID- 3409781
TI  - DNA damage, cytotoxic effect and cell-cycle perturbation of Hoechst 33342 on
      L1210 cells in vitro.
AB  - This study was designed to evaluate the effects of vital dye Hoechst 33342 (HO
      33342), at concentrations used to obtain a good DNA histogram resolution, on DNA
      integrity, cell growth, and cell-cycle phase distribution of L1210 cells. HO
      33342 exposure for 2 h, at 37 degrees C produced DNA single-strand breaks as
      assessed by the method of alkaline elution. DNA single-strand breaks were
      concentration dependent (in the range .5-5 micrograms/ml) and increased
      significantly when HO 33342 (0.5-1.5 micrograms/ml) was associated with exposure
      in a flow cytometer to U.V. laser beam illumination. HO 33342 produced a
      cytotoxic effect on cell growth even at the concentration of 0.5 microgram/ml--a
      concentration ten-fold smaller than those required to obtain a good DNA histogram
      resolution. HO 33342 produced a severe block of the cells in the G2-M phase of
      the cell cycle already evident 24 h after stain exposure and continuing up to 144
      h after start of recovery. A new polyploid cell population (with a 4 c DNA
      content) not present in the unstained cells was already evident 24 h after dye
      exposure. The data shown in the present paper would imply caution in using sorted
      cells stained with HO 33342 dye for biological, biomedical, and pharmacological
      studies.

PMID- 3409783
TI  - Resolution of complex fluorescence spectra recorded on single unpigmented living
      cells using a computerised method.
AB  - The identification and quantification of fluorescent compounds in a complex
      fluorescence spectra are always difficult, especially in the case of low
      signal:noise ratio. We propose a computerised method that allows the resolution
      of low light level complex fluorescence spectra into its components. Based on a
      linear combination of N possible characteristic fluorescence spectra, and using N
      weighting functions, this method allows the integration of fluorescence
      intensities over the entire fluorescence spectra and the generation of n
      equations with N unknowns. The compounds that participate in complex fluorescence
      spectra are identified and quantified. Because fluorescence intensities can be
      integrated we can resolve complex fluorescence spectra presenting a low
      signal:noise ratio. The reliability and sensitivity of our method are shown
      through examples of resolution of complex intracellular fluorescence of single
      living cells pretreated with benzo(a)pyrene. Depending on the cell type and
      treatment, two, four, or five components can be identified in the complex
      fluorescence spectra.

PMID- 3409784
TI  - Light scattering and cell volumes in osmotically stressed and frozen-thawed
      cells.
AB  - Recent reports, indicating that under some conditions the intensity of light
      scattering from cells is a nonlinear function of cell volume, have led to the
      widespread generalization that intensity of low-angle light scattering indicates
      cell size. This study was performed to measure the relationships between light
      scattering and cell volumes in an-isotonic solutions and after a freeze-thaw
      stress. Cell volumes in isolated human lymphocytes, human granulocytes, and
      hamster fibroblasts were deliberately altered by exposure to anisotonic
      solutions. Boyle-vant Hoff plots of cell volume as a function of inverse osmotic
      pressure showed that the cells behaved as osmometers. Similar plots of right
      angle and low-angle light scattering showed that the intensity of light
      scattering varied inversely with cell volume. In other experiments where cells
      were frozen without cryoprotectant at various sub zero temperatures to -25
      degrees C and then thawed rapidly, cell viability decreased progressively with
      decreasing temperature, as did the intensity of both low-angle and right-angle
      light scattering, although cell volumes remained relatively constant. The
      intensity of both low- and high-angle light scattering varied inversely with cell
      volumes in hypertonic and hypotonic solutions, but cell damage induced by
      freezing and thawing resulted in significant reductions in the intensity of low
      angle light scattering with little change in cell volume. These observations show
      that light scattering and cell volumes can vary independently, and they underline
      the need for a better understanding of the phenomenon of light scattering from
      living cells.

PMID- 3409785
TI  - Four-parameter white blood cell differential counting based on light scattering
      measurements.
AB  - Measurement of the depolarized orthogonal light scattering in flow cytometry
      enables one to discriminate human eosinophilic granulocytes from neutrophilic
      granulocytes. We use this method to perform a four-parameter differential white
      blood cell analysis. A simple flow cytometer was built equipped with a 5-mW
      helium neon laser that measures simultaneously four light scattering parameters.
      Lymphocytes, monocytes, and granulocytes were identified by simultaneously
      measuring the light scattering intensity at angles between 1.0 degrees and 2.6
      degrees and angles between 3.0 degrees and 11.0 degrees. Eosinophilic
      granulocytes were distinguished from neutrophilic granulocytes by simultaneous
      measurement of the orthogonal and depolarized orthogonal light scattering.
      Comparison of a white blood cell differentiation of 45 donors obtained by the
      Technicon H-6000 and our instrument revealed good correlations. The correlation
      coefficients (r2) found were: 0.99 for lymphocytes, 0.76 for monocytes, 0.99 for
      neutrophilic granulocytes, and 0.98 for eosinophilic granulocytes. The results
      demonstrate that reliable white blood cell differentiation of the four most
      clinically relevant leukocytes can be obtained by measurement of light scattering
      properties of unstained leukocytes.

PMID- 3409786
TI  - Flow cytometric characterization of the chlorophyll contents and size
      distributions of plant protoplasts.
AB  - We have employed flow cytometry for the characterization of populations of
      protoplasts prepared from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) leaf tissues. We first
      investigated the possibility of using flow cytometric analysis of the emission of
      chlorophyll autofluorescence for measurement of the chlorophyll contents of leaf
      protoplasts. Defined numbers of leaf protoplasts were sorted according to
      different, nonoverlapping windows placed on the one-dimensional histograms of
      chlorophyll autofluorescence emission. The amounts of cellular chlorophyll were
      measured in cell-free extracts of these sorted protoplasts using fluorometry. A
      high degree of correlation (r2 = 0.983) was observed between these two
      parameters. We then examined the distribution of protoplast diameters in these
      protoplast populations through the use of pulse-width time-of-flight (TOF)
      analysis. Through sorting of protoplasts using a series of narrow, nonoverlapping
      TOF windows, we were able to demonstrate that the TOF parameter was linearly
      correlated with protoplast diameter, over the range of 15-55 micron (r2 greater
      than 0.99). We also compared the use of fluorescein diacetate (FDA)
      fluorochromasia and chlorophyll autofluorescence as the source of fluorescent
      signals for TOF analysis. We found that the presence of chloroplasts introduced
      distortions into the measurement of apparent size afforded by TOF analysis of FDA
      fluorochromasia. These results are discussed in terms of the application of
      techniques of flow analysis and sorting for the measurement of gene expression
      within the various different cell types found in plant tissues and organs.

PMID- 3409787
TI  - Transmission electron microscopy of small numbers of sorted cells.
AB  - A new method that allows the transmission electron microscopic examination of as
      few as 1 x 10(4) cells obtained by flow cytometric sorting is described. The
      approach involves "sandwiching" fixed cells in an agarose case by a
      microcentrifugation system consisting of small-diameter cell-centrifugation tubes
      and subsequent processing of the cells by conventional techniques. The advantages
      offered by this method are discussed.

PMID- 3409788
TI  - Effect of mercury vapour on the non-protein thiol content and respiration rate of
      eggs of the cattle tick Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae).
AB  - With continuous and ultimately lethal exposure of eggs of Boophilus microplus to
      mercury vapour, respiration and non-protein thiol decreased to low levels. With
      sub-lethal exposure, respiration decreased initially and then increased, whereas
      non-protein thiol (largely glutathione) increased initially and then decreased.
      This initial increase in glutathione (GSH) which probably resulted from an
      attempt by the organism to control or reverse the biochemical lesion, did not
      arise from the oxidized form (GSSG) through a shift in the equilibrium from right
      to left thus: 2GSH in equilibrium GSSG + 2H+ + 2e-. The significance of the
      results are discussed in relation to theories of GSH function and of Hg toxicity.
      The possible application of mercurials in tick control is discussed.

PMID- 3409789
TI  - Reducing house-dust mites by vacuuming.
AB  - Two types of nozzles were compared for efficiency in extracting dust and house
      dust mites from textile floor-coverings. From 21 homes, 2 m2 from the wall-to
      wall floor-covering in the bedrooms were vacuumed. On 1-m2 the non-motorized
      nozzle was used, on the other 1-m2 a motorized nozzle was used. Before this
      sampling both test surfaces were vacuumed using the non-motorized nozzle in order
      to assess the mite numbers at the beginning of the experiment. The motorized
      nozzle appeared to be significantly more effective in extracting dust; however,
      for the mites no such difference could be noted.

PMID- 3409790
TI  - Fine structure of the vagina, accessory glands, uterus, oviducts and Gene's organ
      in the unfed tick, Ornithodoros (Pavlovskyella) erraticus (Ixodoidea: Argasidae).
AB  - The fine structure of the reproductive system of the unfed female Ornithodoros
      (Pavloskyella) erraticus is described. The vagina consisting of vestibular (VV)
      and cervical (CV) regions is formed of a single epithelial layer lined with
      cuticle and surrounded by muscle layers. Epithelial cells of VV show no signs of
      activity, while those of CV have structural features of transporting epithelia. A
      pair of tubular accessory glands opening at the junction of the two vaginal
      regions consist of a layer of microvillate columnar cells containing rough
      endoplasmic reticulum; this is possibly involved in the formation of colloidal
      material which presumably coats the egg surface during its passage through the
      vagina. The bilobed uterus opening into the cervical vagina secretes material
      that is possibly responsible for the release of sperm from the endospermatophore.
      The paired oviducts joining the uterine lobes anteriorly have distinctive distal
      (DO) and proximal (PO) parts as well as 'ampullae' (AMP) at their junction. DO
      cells contain many lysosome-like structures which probably play a role in
      breaking down some sperms ascending to the ovary. Cells of AMP are packed with
      rickettsia-like Wolbachia, while those of PO contain a few granules. Gene's
      organ, present in female ticks only, consists of a stalk and two horns of
      epithelium lined internally by a cuticular layer. Bundles of microtubules are
      detected in the horn cell cytoplasm. This organ functions to waterproof the eggs
      with a waxy layer just before they are deposited.

PMID- 3409792
TI  - Effects of parenteral hydrocortisone sodium succinate on epithelial renewal in
      hamster gastric mucosa.
AB  - The aim of this study was to determine whether parenteral administration of
      steroids affects epithelial renewal in hamster stomach. Male golden hamsters
      received either hydrocortisone sodium succinate or saline intraperitoneally for
      three days. In the first experiment, hamsters were sacrificed 1 hr after
      injection of tritiated thymidine [( 3H]TdR) to label proliferating cells. In the
      second experiment, hamsters were sacrificed hourly after a single [3H]TdR
      injection up to 48 hr in order to determine cell cycle time by the method of
      fraction of labeled mitoses. In the third experiment, hamsters were sacrificed 1,
      24, and 72 hr after [3H]TdR injection for the study of epithelial migration and
      cell turnover time. Sections of fundic and antral mucosae were prepared for light
      autoradiography. Steroid treatment caused no gross or microscopic injury to
      gastric mucosa, but the number of [3H]TdR-labeled cells as well as the thickness
      of the proliferative zone were reduced significantly in fundic mucosa, but not in
      antral mucosa. The study of the fraction labeled mitoses indicated that steroid
      treatment lengthened the cell cycle time in fundic mucosa, which was due
      primarily to prolonged G1 and DNA synthesis phases. Furthermore, epithelial
      migration was significantly slower in fundic mucosa after steroid treatment,
      which was associated with a prolonged cell turnover time. Thus, parenteral
      steroids depress the entire process of epithelial renewal in hamster fundic
      mucosa.

PMID- 3409791
TI  - Gastric adenocarcinoma masquerading endoscopically as benign gastric ulcer. A
      five-year experience.
AB  - The pathologic features and five-year survival of patients in whom gastric cancer
      masquerades at endoscopy as a benign gastric ulcer has been poorly characterized.
      We reviewed retrospectively all cases of gastric adenocarcinoma in three
      hospitals for a five-year period. Of 266 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma,
      169 (63.5%) had endoscopy with biopsy prior to diagnosis of cancer. In 159 of
      these 169 patients (94.1%), the endoscopic findings suggested cancer, while in
      the remaining 10 patients (5.9%) the endoscopic appearance suggested benign
      ulcer. In six of these 10 patients, the initial endoscopic biopsies did not
      reveal cancer and correct diagnosis was delayed for as long as 14 months. Three
      of the 10 patients had "early gastric cancer" by pathologic criteria at
      gastrectomy, although one had lymph node metastasis. The other seven patients had
      pathologic criteria for advanced gastric cancer, and three had lymph node
      metastasis. In spite of advanced cancer and/or lymph node metastasis in eight of
      our 10 patients, five-year survival in these patients with benign-appearing
      ulcers was 70%, as compared to 17% in patients whose gastric lesions appeared
      malignant at endoscopy.

PMID- 3409793
TI  - Clinical significance of gastric juice viscosity in peptic ulcer patients.
AB  - We developed a simple method of determining gastric juice viscosity using a cone
      plate viscometer and tested its clinical application in the staging of peptic
      ulcers. We found a significant positive correlation between viscosity and
      macromolecular glycoprotein concentration of gastric juice (P less than 0.001).
      Gastric juice viscosity in active and healing gastric ulcer patients was
      significantly lower than that in the scarring stage or hospital control patients
      (P less than 0.05 and P less than 0.01, respectively). In duodenal ulcer
      patients, a significant difference was found between the active and healing
      stages and hospital controls (P less than 0.01). However, the difference between
      the active and healing stages and the scarring stage was not significant. Gastric
      juice viscosity is a simple, reliable, clinically useful measure.

PMID- 3409794
TI  - 24-hour study of intragastric acidity in duodenal ulcer patients and normal
      subjects using continuous intraluminal pH-metry.
AB  - The circadian pattern of intragastric acidity was assessed in 19 healthy subjects
      and 37 patients with active, endoscopically proven duodenal ulcer using 24-hr
      continuous intraluminal pH-metry. The median pH 24-hr profiles showed that ulcer
      patients had lower postprandial pH elevations and a smaller decline in acidity
      during the early morning hours when compared with controls. The after-lunch and 
      dinner area under the curve and maximum pH values were significantly higher in
      controls compared to ulcer patients. In the nighttime, the median pH values in
      controls were significantly higher during 9 PM to 12 PM (P = 0.02), 12 PM to 4 AM
      (P = 0.01), and 4 AM to 8 AM (P = 0.0008) compared to the ulcer patients. We
      conclude that the 24-hr acidity is higher in ulcer patients compared to healthy
      subjects and that the differences are particularly evident in the postprandial
      and nocturnal periods.

PMID- 3409796
TI  - Zinc plasma levels after oral zinc tolerance test in nonalcoholic cirrhosis.
AB  - Zinc absorption was examined in 25 nonalcoholic cirrhotic patients using the oral
      zinc tolerance test and comparing results to a healthy control group. With 22.5
      mg elementary zinc, the increase in plasma zinc was significantly lower in the
      cirrhotic patients than in the control group with P less than 0.01 in the first
      and second hours and P less than 0.05 in the fourth hour. The zinc malabsorption
      may result from an abnormal small intestinal mucosa. Indeed small intestinal
      biopsies in all patients showed partial shortening and prominent distension of
      villi and intense stromal edema with inflammatory cell infiltration of the lamina
      propria. However, it is not clear whether these intestinal changes are due to
      zinc deficiency or to portal hypertension. Thus zinc malabsorption appears to
      contribute to zinc deficiency in nonalcoholic cirrhotics and seems to result, in
      part, from pathological changes in the mucosa.

PMID- 3409795
TI  - Autoradiographic study on healing process of cysteamine-induced duodenal ulcer in
      rat. Possible importance of Brunner's glands in ulcer healing.
AB  - The healing process of cysteamine-induced duodenal ulcer was studied by
      [3H]thymidine autoradiography. After the development of ulcer in the duodenum,
      cell proliferation was markedly activated not only in the crypts but also in the
      Brunner's glands near the ulcer. In the initial stages of ulcer healing, they
      both contributed to form the surface covering regenerating epithelium.
      Granulation tissue also proliferated at the base of the ulcer. In later stages of
      ulcer healing, new crypts were formed in the floor of the ulcer. New villi
      regenerated from these crypts and Brunner's glands regenerated by proliferation
      in situ. The ulcer base then was completely covered with new villi and
      granulation tissue was replaced by dense fibrous connective tissue. The present
      study suggested that the Brunner's glands, together with the crypts of
      Lieberkuhn, play an important role in the healing process of cysteamine-induced
      duodenal ulcer.

PMID- 3409797
TI  - Hemodynamic changes of systemic, hepatic, and splenic circulation following
      triglycyl-lysin-vasopressin administration in alcoholic cirrhosis.
AB  - Triglycyl-lysin-vasopressin is a long-acting vasopressin derivative which is
      under consideration for the treatment of acute variceal bleeding in cirrhosis.
      However, its splanchnic hemodynamic effects have not been investigated
      thoroughly. In 11 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis, systemic and splanchnic
      hemodynamics were evaluated before and 20-40 min after intravenous administration
      of 2 mg triglycyl-lysin-vasopressin. Following the drug administration, heart
      rate decreased by 10% and cardiac index by 22% on the average, respectively; mean
      arterial pressure increased by 14% and systemic vascular resistence index by 48%.
      Hepatic venous pressure gradient showed a marked and persistent fall, averaging
      31%. Hepatic and splenic blood flow decreased by 31% and 56%, respectively. A
      significant correlation was found between the decrease in hepatic venous pressure
      gradient and in splenic blood flow. By contrast, the decrease in the hepatic
      venous pressure gradient was not significantly correlated to the decrease in
      hepatic blood flow or in cardiac index. We conclude that in patients with
      alcoholic cirrhosis, triglycyl-lysin-vasopressin decreases portal pressure as
      well as hepatic and splenic blood flows. The decrease in portal pressure was due
      to the decrease in splanchnic blood inflow and not to the decrease in cardiac
      index.

PMID- 3409799
TI  - Utility of inpatient 24-hour intraesophageal pH monitoring in diagnosis of
      gastroesophageal reflux.
AB  - The aims of the present study were to evaluate the accuracy of 24-hr
      intraesophageal pH monitoring in the diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux in the
      hospital setting and to establish whether there were any differences in terms of
      reflux events between patients with and without endoscopic esophagitis. Fifteen
      control subjects and 47 patients with proven gastroesophageal reflux disease were
      studied. A composite score of reflux events (number of reflux episodes; total,
      upright, and supine reflux time; number of refluxes lasting more than 5 min; and
      duration of the longest reflux) provided the best discrimination between controls
      and patients (94% sensitivity and 100% specificity). Patients with esophagitis
      showed concurrently a longer total reflux time and supine reflux time, and more
      prolonged reflux episodes than those without esophagitis. On the other hand the
      severity of esophagitis was directly related to the duration of both total and
      supine reflux. The results indicate that inpatient 24-hr pH-metry is very
      accurate in the diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux. They also suggest that
      prolonged esophageal exposure to acid, particularly at night, and slow esophageal
      acid clearing are factors that determine the appearance and/or perpetuation of
      esophagitis in patients with reflux.

PMID- 3409798
TI  - Intestinal absorption of bile acid glucuronides in rats.
AB  - While the intestinal absorption of taurine, glycine, and sulfate conjugates of
      bile acids has been studied extensively, nothing is known about the absorption of
      bile acid glucuronides. In the present study, the intestinal phase of the
      enterohepatic circulation of two bile acid glucuronides was examined. [3 beta
      3H]cholic acid 3-O-beta-D-glucuronide or [3 beta-3H]lithocholic acid 3-O-beta-D
      glucuronide was perfused through isolated segments of ileum or jejunum with
      intact blood supply in rats prepared with a biliary fistula. [14C]Taurocholic
      acid was perfused simultaneously with each glucuronide to compare glucuronide
      absorption with that of an actively transported bile acid. Intestinal absorption
      was determined by measuring the rate of secretion of labeled bile acid in bile.
      The absorption of [3H]cholic acid glucuronide by the ileum and jejunum was one
      fortieth and one eighth, respectively, that of [14C]taurocholic acid. Comparison
      of the two glucuronides show that [3H]lithocholic acid glucuronide absorption was
      18 and 10 times greater than [3H]cholic acid glucuronide absorption from the
      jejunum and ileum, respectively. Collectively, the above observations suggest
      that glucuronidation of bile acids markedly reduces absorption from the small
      intestine.

PMID- 3409800
TI  - Infectious diarrhea in patients with AIDS.
AB  - A multitude of opportunistic infections has been documented in virtually every
      organ system of patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
      Prominent among these are infections of the gastrointestinal tract. However,
      studies of large numbers of patients documenting the frequency of such
      involvement are lacking. We reviewed the records of 100 patients with AIDS and
      assessed the frequency and organisms causing infectious diarrhea. We found
      diarrhea to be more common in homosexuals (80%) than heterosexuals with a risk
      factor of parenteral drug use (58%). In one third of all cases, no infectious
      etiology was found. Mycobacterium avium intracellulare (MAI) was the most
      commonly identified cause of infectious diarrhea in our series, followed by
      cytomegalovirus, cryptosporidium, Salmonella spp., and herpes virus. In addition,
      bacteremia was documented in 43% of patients with infectious diarrhea and was
      most commonly due to MAI. Finally, we demonstrated that multiple concurrent
      infections are not uncommon (22%) in AIDS patients and that the diarrheal
      syndrome may not respond unless all pathogens are eradicated.

PMID- 3409801
TI  - Giardia lamblia infection in immunosuppressed animals causes severe alterations
      to brush border membrane enzymes.
AB  - NMRI mice immunosuppressed with dexamethasone followed by challenge
      intraesophageally with axenic Giardia lamblia (Portland I) trophozoites had
      severe infection in terms of the trophozoite counts in the jejunum. Although the
      immunosuppressive treatment with cortisone itself resulted in a deleterious
      effect on brush border membrane enzymes, the decline in disaccharidases (sucrase,
      maltase, and lactase) and alkaline phosphatase was highly significant (P less
      than 0.001) following G. lamblia infection. The alterations in enzymatic activity
      in immune intact but infected animals demonstrated the potential of the parasite
      itself to cause damage to the brush border membrane. We believe that individuals
      with underlying immunodeficiency, upon infection with G. lamblia, may have
      increased damage of the brush border membrane, leading to severe malabsorption.

PMID- 3409802
TI  - Slow transit constipation. Comparison between patients with or without previous
      hysterectomy.
AB  - We have studied 31 patients with slow transit constipation. Fourteen developed
      severe symptoms following a hysterectomy, while the remainder had symptoms
      arising de novo and unrelated to pelvic surgery. To establish whether there were
      specific abnormalities which might be linked to hysterectomy, we compared the two
      groups. Rectosigmoid motility was impaired in the de novo group. Functional
      sphincter length, maximum resting anal canal pressure, and the rectoanal
      inhibitory reflex were not significantly different from controls. The majority of
      patients were able to significantly increase the anorectal angle on straining to
      defecate. Patients in the de novo group had a higher sensory threshold for rectal
      filling compared with controls, whereas the posthysterectomy group was not
      significantly different. Electromyography of the external sphincter showed
      failure of appropriate inhibition of resting activity in 57% of the de novo and
      38% of posthysterectomy patients. The de novo group had hypoactivity of the
      rectosigmoid and an insensitive rectum. The abnormality in the hysterectomy group
      is less clear and any precise link between slow transit constipation and
      hysterectomy remains obscure.

PMID- 3409803
TI  - Megarectum.
AB  - Evaluation of the rectum by barium enema does not correlate well with
      rectometrographic studies and is not predictive of bowel function. The purpose of
      the present study was to describe clinical and functional data in patients with
      chronic idiopathic constipation, where a megarectum was diagnosed by a
      rectometrogram. Among 355 patients who underwent rectal elasticity studies, 35
      were found to have a megarectum (maximum tolerable volume above 320 ml in women
      and 440 in men) for which no specific etiology was recognized. They, and a group
      of 11 healthy controls who were not sensitive to stress, underwent studies of
      stool frequency, colonic transit time of radiopaque markers, rectal elasticity,
      and anorectal pressures and reflexes. The elasticity coefficient of the rectal
      wall was decreased in patients as compared to controls (P less than 0.01). Seven
      patients had onset of symptoms at birth, with maximum tolerable volume in the
      rectum between 460 and 900 ml, and all were incontinent for feces. Studies of
      colonic transit times demonstrated normal function in the right and left colon,
      but there was rectosigmoid stagnation (transit time of 122 +/- 17 hr vs 8 +/- 2
      in stress-free controls; X +/- SE; P less than 0.001). In the other 28 patients
      (late-onset megarectum), in contrast to the congenital group, there was a marked
      female preponderance, and their recorded stool frequency (4 +/- 0.7/week) was
      greater than the recalled frequency (1.4 +/- 0.2/week; P less than 0.001). Only
      half suffered from fecal incontinence. They did not have a greater rectal
      capacity when colonic transit times were prolonged (455 +/- 27 ml) than when
      normal (422 +/- 27). Rectal pressure was similar at the level of conscious
      sensation of filling, regardless of rectal capacity, suggesting a motor, rather
      than a sensory, abnormality. The amplitude of the rectoanal inhibitory reflex was
      decreased (P less than 0.001) as compared to controls, sometimes mimicking the
      findings of Hirschsprung's disease, but increasing rectal distension always
      induced a relaxation of the internal anal sphincter. The notion of a megarectum,
      which tolerates large amounts of fluid without sensation, lacks elasticity, and
      is accompanied by an abnormal rectoanal inhibitory reflex, provides an
      explanation for one of the mechanisms of constipation by outlet obstruction.

PMID- 3409804
TI  - Adenomas of the large bowel after cholecystectomy. A case-control study.
AB  - Cholecystectomy has been reported to be more common in patients with colon
      cancer. Since adenomas are believed to be precursors of colon cancer, we
      evaluated the association of cholecystectomy and adenomas in a case-control
      study. Cases were 244 patients with one or more adenomas who underwent
      colonoscopy at the North Carolina Memorial Hospital between May 1983 and August
      1985. Controls were 281 patients without adenomas. Overall, cholecystectomy was
      found in 11.9% of cases and 10.3% of controls. White women with adenomas,
      however, were more likely to have had previous cholecystectomy than controls
      [odds ratio (OR) 2.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1-5.6]. Although women with
      adenomas were older and heavier than controls, the elevated odds ratio persisted
      after adjustment for these factors (OR 1.8; 95% CI 0.8-4.2). No association was
      observed for men or for nonwhite women. Cholecystectomy may predispose to colon
      adenomas and to colon cancer in some patients. Alternatively, common risk factors
      for gallstones, cholecystectomy, and colon cancer may explain the apparent risk
      of colon cancer or adenomas after cholecystectomy.

PMID- 3409805
TI  - Varicella pancreatitis complicated by pancreatic pseudocyst and duodenal
      obstruction.
AB  - Several viral infections, including mumps, coxsackie B, and infectious
      mononucleosis, have been associated with acute pancreatitis; however, varicella
      infection has not previously been associated with this complication. A 29-year
      old man was admitted to the hospital with severe abdominal pain and
      hyperamylasemia several days following the onset of a characteristic varicella
      skin rash. His son had been diagnosed with varicella one week earlier. The
      hospital course was complicated by the development of pseudocysts in the head and
      tail of the pancreas which caused partial obstruction of the common bile duct and
      duodenum. The pancreatitis, pseudocysts, and duodenal obstruction resolved with
      conservative medical management. This is the first report of acute pancreatitis
      associated with varicella infection.

PMID- 3409806
TI  - Colectomy for severe chronic constipation.

PMID- 3409807
TI  - Colectomy for severe constipation.

PMID- 3409808
TI  - Constipation and colectomy.

PMID- 3409809
TI  - [Occupationally-induced formaldehyde allergy of the immediate type].
AB  - An autopsy assistant developed respiratory distress at his job after four years
      of work on post-mortems. His symptoms commenced immediately upon entering the
      work rooms. Diagnosis was confirmed by positive medical history, skin tests and
      RAST investigations, all of which taken together gave proof of occupationally
      induced asthma of anaphylactic origin (Type I reaction).

PMID- 3409810
TI  - [Lysis treatment of left ventricular thrombi. Acute and long-term results].
AB  - Intravenous thrombolysis with urokinase (60,000 U/h) was undertaken in 15
      patients with large thrombi in the left ventricle (demonstrated by
      echocardiography) after myocardial infarction. Complete lysis was achieved in
      ten, partial in four. None had post-thrombolysis signs of arterial emboli, two
      patients developed haematuria and one had partial separation of the thrombus
      which required operative removal. Four patients who had a mean ejection fraction
      of 37 +/- 12% had died a sudden cardiac death within six months of the
      thrombolysis. Nine patients survived for up to four years without recurrence of
      thrombi: seven of them had been treated with aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid), two
      with coumarin derivatives. Two patients could not be followed-up. These
      preliminary results suggest that large left-ventricular thrombi can be
      successfully lysed by intravenous thrombolysis without significant complications,
      probably without recurrent thrombi.

PMID- 3409811
TI  - [Baking ingredients as a contributory cause of baker's asthma].
AB  - 140 bakers with occupation-related asthma symptoms and/or rhinoconjunctivitis
      were tested for specific IgE antibodies against various enzyme-containing baking
      components. 5-24% of subjects were sensitive to several carbohydrate-splitting
      enzymes obtained from mould fungi (amyloglucosidase, hemicellulase and alpha
      amylase), as well as/or against soya flour. But allergies against the proteolytic
      enzymes papain and B. subtilis protease were rare (about 1%). These results
      indicate that various baking components, especially mould enzymes, play a not
      insignificant role in the causation of baker's asthma.

PMID- 3409812
TI  - [Maculopapular exanthema during diltiazem therapy].
AB  - A maculopapular exanthema developed in a 60-year-old man with coronary heart
      disease while being treated for angina with the calcium antagonist diltiazem.
      Epicutaneous and scratch tests were positive, both for the immediate type (type
      I) and the delayed type (type IV), proving that the drug had caused the allergic
      reaction. The exanthema quickly disappeared once the drug had been discontinued.
      Anti-anginal treatment was continued without further complications with
      nifedipine.

PMID- 3409813
TI  - [The prescription-writing behavior of established general practitioners].

PMID- 3409814
TI  - [Spirochete-like bacteria in the human gastric mucosa].

PMID- 3409815
TI  - [Tracheal papilloma].

PMID- 3409816
TI  - [Thoughts on overtreatment in oncology].

PMID- 3409817
TI  - [A decline in hospital mortality in acute myocardial infarct during the last 10
      years. An effect of acute intervention?].
AB  - The decline in hospital mortality after myocardial infarction was analyzed
      retrospectively in a cohort of 2147 consecutive patients with acute myocardial
      infarction, admitted to an University Hospital between 1978 and 1987. During this
      period the percentage of patients who had acute active interventions
      (thrombolysis, aortocoronary bypass surgery, percutaneous transluminal coronary
      angioplasty) increased from 6% (in 1978/79) to 50% (in 1986/87). During that same
      period, conventional treatment of acute myocardial infarction and the provisions
      for emergency admission and intensive care remained unchanged. At the same time
      there was a significant reduction in overall mortality from 29% (1978/79) to 17%
      (1986/87) (P less than 0.001). This decrease was especially marked for males
      (from 27% to 13% in the respective periods), and in patients with anterior-wall
      infarction (34% and 16%, respectively). These changes cannot be explained by
      differences in group characteristics. The main cause for the distinct reduction
      in hospital mortality of this cohort was the introduction and expansion of acute
      interventions.

PMID- 3409818
TI  - [Suprascapular nerve entrapment syndrome].
AB  - Nineteen patients with isolated suprascapular entrapment neuropathy were seen
      between 1980 and 1986. A neurogenic cause and absence of other deficits were
      confirmed by electromyography. Electroneurographic tests were performed in 13 and
      demonstrated delayed conduction time and (or) reduction in stimulus response
      amplitude. In 16 patients there was an acute or chronic mechanical cause (direct
      pressure on the suprascapular nerve, forced dislocation of the shoulder blade).
      Two types of paralysis could be distinguished, an upper one affecting both the
      infra- and the supraspinatus muscles (12 patients), and a lower one involving
      only the infraspinatus muscle (4 patients). In two patients an inflammatory cause
      was considered likely, while in one the cause remained unclear. Restricting
      movement brought about an improvement in most patients, while in one the
      neurophysiological parameters improved after neurosurgical intervention, without
      complete clinical restoration.

PMID- 3409820
TI  - [Are there differences between most P-values and other statistical inferences?].

PMID- 3409819
TI  - [Side effects of pirenzepine].

PMID- 3409821
TI  - [Controlled trials and their design].

PMID- 3409822
TI  - [The design of epidemiologic studies].

PMID- 3409823
TI  - [The quality of measurement methods and its statistical estimation].

PMID- 3409825
TI  - [Presentation of results].

PMID- 3409826
TI  - [Group comparisons: evaluation of comparative risks].

PMID- 3409824
TI  - [Do most readers understand the biostatistics of medical articles?].

PMID- 3409827
TI  - [Correlation and regression].

PMID- 3409828
TI  - [Regression models].

PMID- 3409829
TI  - [Associated studies of statistical procedures].

PMID- 3409830
TI  - [Transzygotic carcinogenic effect of nitrosoethylurea in rats].
AB  - The results of two experiments on the transzygotic transfer of the
      nitrosoethylurea (NEU) carcinogenic effect are presented. In the first experiment
      female rats received 60 mg/kg b. w. of NEU at 16, 18 and 20th day of the
      pregnancy. Their F1 descendants developed multiple tumours of the nervous system
      after a short latency (up to 40 weeks). The rats of F2, F3, F4 and F5 generations
      which were not in a direct contact with NEU developed a statistically higher
      incidence of tumours occurring spontaneously (those of mammary gland, pituitary,
      and haematopoietic tissue). However, the incidence of nervous system tumours was
      at the level of controls. In the second experiment male rats received 80 mg/kg b.
      w. of NEU and then were mated with untreated females. The incidence of the
      nervous system tumours in the descendants of treated males was somewhat higher
      than in the controls. The manifestations and mechanisms of the transzygotic
      effect are discussed.

PMID- 3409832
TI  - [Effect of preparations of unsaturated fatty acids on the lipid component of the
      endoplasmic reticulum membranes of liver cells in rats following administration
      of N-nitrosodiethylamine].
AB  - The effect of drugs, including unsaturated fatty acids and antioxidants, on the
      lipid composition of the endoplasmic reticulum membranes was studied at early
      stages of NDEA-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. The complexes containing oleic,
      linoleic, and arachidonic acids and biological antioxidants prevent changes in
      the fatty acid composition and the lipid bilayer organization of the both
      membrane fractions of endoplasmic reticulum which are observed after the
      injection of NDEA alone, and they inhibit the appearance and growth in the liver
      of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase positive hyperplastic nodules.

PMID- 3409831
TI  - [Tumor development and monooxygenase activity in the liver of mice exposed to the
      combined action of N-nitrosodimethylamine and benz(a)pyrene].
AB  - The combined administration to mice of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in drinking
      water and of benz(a)pyrene (BP) in skin applications induces mainly skin tumours
      and the use of BP in food--stomach tumours. The skin application of BP prevents
      the development of tumours after NDMA administration. The combined action of
      these carcinogens reduces the latent period of tumour incidence, lowers the
      induction of BP-hydroxylase and the activity of N-demethylase of NDMA.

PMID- 3409834
TI  - [Interrelations of disorders of the endocrine and immune systems of patients with
      malignant melanoma].
AB  - Investigations of endocrine and immune systems in melanoma patients gave evidence
      that such patients develop disorders of functions between thymus, on the one
      hand, and those of the pineal gland, pituitary, adrenal cortex and gonads, on the
      other, which are important in the pathogenesis of alterations in cell-mediated
      and humoral immune responses. The author recommends the administration to
      melanoma patients of either preparations of thymus itself or those with thymosin
      like activity, as well as biologically active factors of the pineal gland which
      normalize metabolic changes in the body.

PMID- 3409833
TI  - [Characteristics of the hormonal metabolic status of patients with colonic and
      rectal cancer].
AB  - Peculiarities of hormone-metabolic status in patients with cancer of the rectum
      and colon consist of 1) symptoms of cancrophilia, 2) disturbances of enteric
      endocrine system and 3) properties of the tumour tissue, determining first of all
      its hormone sensitivity. Determination of steroid hormone (estrogens and
      progesterone) receptors does not appear a sufficiently informative criterion of
      colorectal cancer tissue hormone sensitivity; the adenylate cyclase reaction to
      the hormonal stimulators is more informative in this respect. The data obtained
      may be useful in the working out of adjuvant therapy methods in cancer of colon
      and rectum (including hormonotherapy and metabolic rehabilitation).

PMID- 3409835
TI  - [Activity of the natural killer cells in the peripheral blood of patients with
      brain tumors].
AB  - Activity of natural killer cells (NK-cells) was determined in a 4-hour 51Cr
      release test using K-562 as target cells in patients with brain tumours and
      donors. This activity was significantly (P less than 0.05) reduced in
      preoperative patients with metastatic brain tumours (mean--5.7%), gliomas of III
      IV malignancy grades (mean--16.4%) as compared with the control (mean--32.5%).
      The activity of NK-cells remained low after surgical treatment irrespective of
      the length of remission.

PMID- 3409836
TI  - [Tumor and stromal cell counts in the lung clones of transplantable
      rhabdomyosarcoma of rats determined by flow cytometry].
AB  - The phase G1-tumour cells of 76 lung clones obtained from rat transplantable
      rhabdomyosarcoma had near triploid mean DNA content (the diploid index (DI) =
      1.46-2.05) and the phase G1/o-stromal cells was characterized by the diploid DNA
      content. The percent of tumour cells in lung clones determined by flow cytometry
      varied from 19.7 to 70.9. A correlation is found between the following items: DI;
      coefficients of variability of DNA content in tumour and stromal cells; the share
      of the tumour cells in clones and the coefficient of variability of the DNA
      content in stromal cells; percentage of the tumour cells in the So+ (G2 + M)
      phase and percentage of the stromal cells etc. Positive correlation is revealed
      between the coefficient of variability of the DNA content in tumour cells and
      coefficients of variability of the DNA content in stromal cells (r = 0.83), the
      negative one (r = 0.38)--between the coefficient of variability of the DNA
      content of stromal cells of clones and percentage of tumour cells which produce
      artificial lung metastasis.

PMID- 3409838
TI  - Abstracts of the VI European Congress of Digestive Endoscopy. Rome, September 4
      10, 1988.

PMID- 3409837
TI  - [Suppression of the proliferative activity in in vivo tissue culture of
      esophageal and stomach tumor cells during preoperative irradiation].
AB  - Pathomorphological changes and indices of proliferative ability of tumour tissue
      in the esophagus and in the cardia are studied in 14 patients after and without
      the preoperative irradiation following its cultivation in diffuse chambers. The
      tissue was implanted into the abdominal cavity of 84 rats. Inhibition of the
      mitotic activity and synthesis of DNA in cell nuclei as well as the impairment of
      the formation processes typical of the unirradiated blastomas of the same
      histological structure in the tissue culture in vivo evidence for a pronounced
      effect of irradiation.

PMID- 3409839
TI  - A comparison of thyroid function in DBA/2J and C57BL/6J mice.
AB  - DBA/2J mice exhibit audiogenic seizure susceptibility (AGSS) and lower
      electroshock seizure thresholds compared with C57BL/6J mice. Thyroid function,
      including thyroxine (T4), 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3), and thyrotropin (TSH)
      concentrations, T4/T3 ratio, and iodide uptake, of DBA and C57 mice were
      compared. Thyroid function was also assessed in relation to AGSS and severity in
      DBA mice. DBA mice have a larger thyroidal pool of iodide due to increased iodide
      uptake and possibly decreased release, but not to an increased organification
      rate. This increased iodide uptake exists until about 40 days of age. DBA mice
      also have a decreased radiochloride space and increased thyroid weight,
      indicative of enhanced TSH activity. The DBA mice show high T4 and TSH
      concentrations and a high T4/T3 ratio between the ages of 20 and 40 days.
      Beginning at 40 days of age the DBA mice have high T4, TSH, and T3 concentrations
      leading to a T4/T3 ratio approximating the C57 ratio. At any age, DBA mice
      demonstrating clonic/tonic seizures in response to auditory stimulation have
      hormone concentrations similar to their 21-day-old counterparts with seizures.
      Mice that show decreased response to auditory stimulation have hormone
      concentrations similar to the older age group. The increased thyroid activity of
      DBA mice is the result of enhanced TSH secretion. The increased TSH production is
      due to adaptations corresponding to the different age and AGSS. A decreased
      conversion of T4 to T3 by 3,3,5'-monodeiodinase, is responsible for the increase
      in TSH due to loss of T3 negative feedback on the anterior pituitary gland. By 40
      days of age, the Type I 5'-deiodinase matures whereas the brain deiodinase
      activity remains subnormal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3409840
TI  - Quinolinic-phosphoribosyl transferase activity is decreased in epileptic human
      brain tissue.
AB  - The presence of the excitotoxic and convulsant agent quinolinic acid (QUIN) in
      human brain has led to the hypothesis that an increase of this tryptophan
      metabolite could serve as an endogenous epileptogen. A possible mechanism for a
      pathological accumulation of QUIN being a deficiency in its degradation, we have
      measured the activity of quinolinic-phosphoribosyl transferase (QPRTase) (its
      first degradative enzyme) in stereo-EEG identified biopsies of human brain
      tissue. A specific reduction of QPRTase activity was observed in tissue primarily
      involved in the epileptic discharge compared to values from postmortem human
      brain tissue with no neurological disorders or nonpathological tissue from
      epileptic brains. A more severe decrease was noticed in the frontal and temporal
      cortices as compared to the amygdala or Ammon's horn. We suggest that this local
      deficit may contribute to the establishment or maintenance of an epileptic focus.

PMID- 3409841
TI  - Treatment of infantile spasms with tetrabenazine.
AB  - Twelve patients with infantile spasms and hypsarrhythmic EEGs were treated with
      tetrabenazine, a drug with antiserotonergic and antiadrenergic activity. Before
      treatment, and after 3 weeks of therapy, 24-h polygraphic/video monitoring
      studies were performed to determine response objectively. None of the patients
      showed cessation of spasms, EEG improvement, or improvement in development and
      social skills during treatment with tetrabenazine.

PMID- 3409842
TI  - Relationship between dose and serum concentrations of carbamazepine, phenytoin,
      phenobarbital, and primidone in a Sri Lankan population compared with a European
      population.
AB  - Concentrations of carbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital, and primidone have
      been measured by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) in serums of 177 Sri
      Lankan epileptic patients. Relationships between concentrations and dose per kg
      body weight of these drugs have been compared with those of patients in the
      Netherlands, using a matching procedure. Although variabilities in dose
      concentration ratios were somewhat larger in Sri Lanka than in the Netherlands,
      no evidence was found of a systematic difference in pharmacokinetics between both
      populations.

PMID- 3409843
TI  - Fatal aplastic anemia in a patient treated with carbamazepine.
AB  - A case of fatal aplastic anemia due to carbamazepine treatment in an epileptic
      woman is reported. Despite concerns of fatal bone marrow toxicity due to
      carbamazepine, this is only the fourth documented and published report.
      Carbamazepine is a safe drug, but physicians and patients should be aware of the
      exceedingly rare but potentially fatal side effects, better prevented by clinical
      than by laboratory monitoring.

PMID- 3409845
TI  - EEG and other early predictors of epilepsy remission: a community study.
AB  - The course of seizures was reviewed in all 306 residents of Rochester, Minnesota
      who had epilepsy diagnosed between 1935 and 1978, lived in the region greater
      than or equal to 5 years after diagnosis, and had an electroencephalogram (EEG).
      The life-table probability of having achieved 5 years seizure-free (FYSF) by 20
      years after diagnosis was 75%. In a multivariable proportional hazards model,
      these three variables predicted a significantly higher rate of achieving FYSF: no
      early-life brain damage (remission rate ratio = 2.27, p less than 0.01), no
      generalized epileptiform activity (rate ratio = 1.58, p less than 0.05), and
      never having had a generalized tonic-clonic seizure (rate ratio = 1.4, p less
      than 0.05). The same three variables, plus age at diagnosis, were descriptors of
      the rate of reaching FYSF off medication. Gender, family history, type of
      seizure, and EEG findings other than generalized epileptiform activity were not
      significantly related to either end point. The predictor set did 15% better than
      prior probabilities in forecasting FYSF. Although informative about group
      experience, these predictors are weak clinical discriminators, singly or in a
      set. FYSF occurred in high proportion of even those persons whose history,
      clinical examination, or EEG findings placed them in a less favorable stratum of
      one or more predictors.

PMID- 3409846
TI  - The role of the EEG in epilepsy of long duration.
AB  - Although the electroencephalogram's (EEG's) relevance in the initial work-up of
      individuals with epilepsy is well-defined, its role in epilepsy of long duration
      remains uncertain. A literature survey revealed eight studies that had evaluated
      epileptiform patterns (EPs) in series of patients but none of these were derived
      from outpatients presenting for regular follow-up. Such EEG results are crucial
      for determining disability benefits that are often denied to people with normal
      records. We therefore randomly surveyed 100 adult outpatients attending the
      seizure follow-up clinic at Cook County Hospital. An EP was detected in 33
      patients, 36 had normal records, and 31 had non-EP abnormalities. The presence of
      an EP was significantly related to an etiology of head injury, duration of
      epilepsy, age of onset before age 20 years, and receiving more than one
      antiepileptic drug (AED). The presence of an EP did not correlate with seizure
      frequency, seizure type, or presence of a neurological deficit. A prior EEG
      increased the proportion with an EP only to 41%. The relatively low proportion of
      people who demonstrated an EP suggests that (a) the presence of an EP on an EEG
      should not be a factor in deciding about disability benefits for individuals with
      epilepsy, and (b) that use of an EP as an eligibility criterion for entry into a
      research series is likely to generate a select group of patients, thus making it
      difficult to generalize results.

PMID- 3409844
TI  - Intravenous lidocaine for status epilepticus.
AB  - Intravenous lidocaine successfully controlled convulsive status epilepticus in
      eight patients. Lidocaine was administered, as a diazepam substitute, to elderly
      patients with chronic obstructive lung disease and to those patients unresponsive
      to the stated doses of intravenous diazepam. Although transient disappearance of
      seizures was noted after an initial dose of 100 mg, infusion of 200 mg was
      necessary to effectively control status. Continuous lidocaine infusion (3.5
      mg/kg/h) was used in one case with good results. Undesirable side effects were
      not seen. The basic mechanisms for possible anticonvulsant action are reviewed.
      Lidocaine seems to be an effective and safe drug in convulsive status
      epilepticus. We suggest that lidocaine may be used as a first-line drug, as a
      diazepam substitute, in the treatment of convulsive status epilepticus in
      patients in whom respiratory depression is undesirable and in those who do not
      respond to intravenous diazepam.

PMID- 3409847
TI  - Clinical findings in children with occipital paroxysmal discharges.
AB  - Occipital paroxysmal discharges (OPDs) have been related to a variety of clinical
      problems. To evaluate associated symptoms and patient outcome, we studied 293
      children with OPDs. Follow-up of more than 6 months was available in 141
      children. Mental retardation, neurological symptoms, behavior problems, ocular
      symptoms, and convulsions of various types were present. Eight patients had ictal
      visual phenomena consistent with the diagnosis of benign epilepsy with occipital
      spike and wave (BEOSW). In the 141 children with at least 6 months follow-up, 58
      had other types of convulsions. Clinical and EEG normalization was observed in 25
      and clinical normalization only in 17. The use of antiepileptic drugs did not
      seem to influence the outcome although seizure control was obtained in 26
      patients. In all the cases where follow-up was 9 or more years, clinical
      normalization was observed. Clinical symptoms in these patients were quite
      heterogeneous and frequently not ictal. The disappearance of OPDs with increasing
      age points to their being "not lesional" in origin.

PMID- 3409848
TI  - Epilepsy presenting as memory disturbances.
AB  - Six patients presented with severe adult-onset memory deficit that was
      subsequently diagnosed as complex partial epilepsy. In three cases acute amnestic
      episodes also occurred. The seizures were characterized by short losses of
      contact and oral automatisms. Interictal EEG showed temporal abnormalities of
      varying degrees. Formal neuropsychological assessment revealed dissociation
      between the subjective complaint and the test performances that showed a
      selective impairment in a few long-term verbal memory tests. These patients
      present a characteristic clinical picture of memory disturbance as the prominent
      feature of partial seizures.

PMID- 3409849
TI  - Paroxysmal aphasias.
AB  - Forty cases of paroxysmal aphasia were found in a sample of 4,000 patients with
      epilepsy. Twenty-five had structural brain damage demonstrated by CT scan. Except
      for two cases, the epileptic focus was located in the left hemisphere. Two
      patients had a paroxysmal alexia associated with the aphasic disorder. Though
      preliminary, our data suggest a correlation of dysphasic components with
      posterior lesions and phonatory components with anterior lesions.

PMID- 3409850
TI  - Orgasmic epilepsy.
AB  - We studied a 41-year-old woman who had nocturnal somatosensory seizures followed
      by orgasm. The interictal EEG showed discrete left central parietal region
      paroxysmal activity that markedly increased during sleep. Eight electroclinical
      seizures were recorded during sleep polygraphic recording. Orgasms occurred
      coinciding with generalization of paroxysmal activity. No abnormalities were
      found on serial neurologic examination or computed tomography scan. The attacks
      were completely controlled with antiepileptic drugs.

PMID- 3409851
TI  - Posttraumatic pilomotor seizures: a case report.
AB  - Pilomotor epilepsy is a rare phenomenon. A 35-year-old man suffered a traumatic
      contusion of the right temporal lobe and subsequently developed spells
      characterized by diffuse piloerection and sweating. We believe this to be the
      first reported association between pilomotor epilepsy and posttraumatic head
      injury. Although pilomotor seizures may result from diverse etiologies, they
      appear to have a common involvement of temporolimbic structures.

PMID- 3409853
TI  - 7th International Congress on Clinical Enzymology. Osaka, September 11-14, 1988.
      Abstracts.

PMID- 3409854
TI  - Metabolic rate during and after aerobic exercise in post-obese and lean women.
AB  - The effect of aerobic exercise (cycling on bicycle ergometer for four 10-min
      periods/60-80 per cent max VO2) on energy expenditure following the activity was
      investigated in 16 post-obese and 16 lean control women over 24 h and shorter
      periods. In addition, net energy expenditure during aerobic exercise was compared
      to that during prolonged mild activity (stepping for four 30-min periods at 12
      steps/min). The measurements were made in a room respirometer. Aerobic exercise
      did not significantly stimulate the 24-h resting metabolic rate of either the
      post-obese (3 per cent, 50 kcal) or lean controls (2 per cent, 30 kcal), nor was
      there any significant stimulation over shorter periods: during waking hours RMR
      was non-significantly increased by 5 per cent in both the post-obese and lean
      controls. Sleeping expenditure remained the same in the post-obese and was
      decreased by 2 per cent in the lean controls. All subjects found the aerobic
      exercise to be quite uncomfortable, yet in both groups the net cost was smaller
      than that of prolonged mild exercise which was found to be acceptable (post
      obese: aerobic 180 kcal, mild 250 kcal; lean controls: 220 kcal, 290 kcal). It is
      suggested that prolonged mild activity (eg, as in walking frequently) is more
      appropriate in increasing energy expenditure as a means of preventing or
      controlling obesity. Total expenditure at each level of activity is also
      expressed as multiples of BMR calculated from FAO/WHO/UNU (1985) prediction
      equations and from measured sleep values. The results show that the equations
      overestimated BMR in the post-obese.

PMID- 3409852
TI  - Morphological and biochemical analysis of a brain biopsy in a case of idiopathic
      Lennox-Gastaut syndrome.
AB  - The results of a qualitative and quantitative neuromorphological and a
      biochemical analysis of a brain biopsy from a 7-year-old boy with an idiopathic
      type of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) are reported. A disturbance in cerebral
      energy metabolism as expressed by the pyruvate pathway could be ruled out.
      Degenerative or ischemic lesions were not found. However, while the outer layers
      of the cortex were morphologically normal, the neurons of the inner layers (V and
      VI) showed a poor dendritic arborization and a diminished number of spines, which
      can be considered the basis of excessive excitability which in turn may further
      impair brain development. Thus, the neuromorphological findings suggest a causal
      rather then a consequential relation to LGS.

PMID- 3409855
TI  - Changes in the fatty acid profiles of plasma lipid fractions induced by dietary
      nucleotides in infants born at term.
AB  - This study was designed to determine the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)
      composition of plasma lipid fractions in newborn infants fed human milk (HM),
      milk formula (MF) or nucleotide-supplemented milk formula (NMF) during the first
      month of life. Linoleic acid was increased in infants fed formulas in all plasma
      lipid fractions with respect to those fed HM. Plasma phospholipids in MF-fed
      infants had lower percentages of PUFA of both omega 6 and omega 3 series, namely
      arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids, than those fed HM or NMF; the unsaturation
      index was decreased in infants fed MF as compared to those fed HM or NMF.
      Arachidonic acid showed a similar behaviour in plasma cholesteryl esters as in
      phospholipids. No changes for long chain PUFA among the groups studied were
      observed for plasma triglycerides and free fatty acids. These results support
      previous findings that dietary nucleotides are involved in the regulation of
      desaturation and elongation of linoleic and linolenic acid to their longer
      superior homologous fatty acids. We suggest that dietary nucleotides may reverse
      the partial inhibition of delta 5-desaturase caused by an excess of linoleic acid
      in the diet during early postnatal life.

PMID- 3409856
TI  - Excretion of 3-methylhistidine by pregnant women: evidence for a biphasic system
      of protein metabolism in human pregnancy.
AB  - A positive nitrogen balance is established in early pregnancy and persists
      unchanged until parturition. The excretion of 3-methylhistidine is markedly
      increased in late pregnancy, indicating that protein retained in the maternal
      muscles in early pregnancy is later catabolized to provide a major source of
      amino acids for fetal protein synthesis.

PMID- 3409857
TI  - Urea kinetics in adults with homozygous sickle cell disease.
AB  - The kinetics of urea metabolism were measured in four adults with homozygous
      sickle cell disease (HbSS). On a dietary intake of 1.2 to 2.7 g protein/kg/d the
      rate of urea production was 188 to 277 mg nitrogen/kg/d. A relatively small
      proportion of the urea was excreted in the urine (40 per cent), with a high fixed
      rate of hydrolysis in the bowel, 145 mg nitrogen/kg/d. Although 50 per cent of
      the nitrogen from hydrolysed urea was resynthesized to urea, and a further 10 per
      cent may have been lost in the stool, it is estimated that 58 mg nitrogen/kg/d
      was available for synthetic metabolic activity. Urea kinetics in sickle cell
      disease subjects are markedly different from normals, and this may be a
      reflection of the metabolic demands for increased red cell synthesis.

PMID- 3409859
TI  - Relating food composition data to iron availability from plant foods.
AB  - Correlation studies were performed relating iron availability estimated in vitro
      using a simulated digestion system to the concentration of protein, sugar, fibre,
      phytate, ascorbate and citrate in 33 different plant foods. Protein, sugar and
      fibre showed no significant correlation with iron availability. Phytate was
      significantly negatively correlated with diffusible iron in cereals, legumes and
      nuts. Both ascorbate and citrate were highly positively correlated with
      diffusible iron in vegetables and fruits. It is concluded that iron availability
      may be related on a quantitative basis to certain components of plant foods.

PMID- 3409858
TI  - Concentration and distribution pattern of selected micronutrients in preterm and
      term milk from urban Brazilian mothers during early lactation.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to assess the concentration and binding pattern of
      zinc, iron, folate and vitamin B12 in milk of Brazilian women of low
      socioeconomic status giving birth at term or preterm, during early lactation.
      Protein, fat, total solids and ash concentrations were also determined. Protein
      and zinc concentrations decreased significantly as lactation proceeded whereas
      milk fat and folate increased with the lactation period. Total solids, ash, iron
      and vitamin B12 remained unchanged. Zinc was present mainly in the whey fraction
      while less than half of the total iron was present in this fraction, with no
      significant change due to stage of lactation. Unsaturated folate and vitamin B12
      binding capacities and percentage of saturation of the folate binding protein
      increased with the stage of lactation. The vitamin B12 binding protein was highly
      unsaturated in all samples. There was no significant difference between term and
      preterm samples in the parameters investigated. Correlation analysis between milk
      components indicated significant relationships between total solids and fat,
      total zinc and whey zinc, folate and total folate binding capacity, unsaturated
      and total folate binding capacity, and unsaturated and total B12 binding
      capacity. In general, the nutrient concentrations found in this study are in good
      agreement with published data on milk composition of women from developed
      countries, with the possible exceptions of folate, which was lower, and iron,
      which was higher. The correlation of folate concentration with its binding
      protein found in this work supports the hypothesis of a regulatory role for
      folate levels in milk exerted by the folate binding protein in the mammary gland.

PMID- 3409860
TI  - Quantification of dietary intake in long-stay geriatric patients: do we need
      seven days observation?
AB  - Nutrient intake was assessed for 15 long-stay elderly patients by 7-d weighed
      inventory. Analysis revealed neither significant day-to-day nor weekday/weekend
      variations for any studied nutrient except fibre. It would appear that acceptable
      indications of customary intake in this population can be achieved by measurement
      over a shorter period than 7 d, such as 3 or 4 consecutive weekdays.

PMID- 3409861
TI  - Sodium and potassium intakes amongst free-living adult Nigerians.
AB  - Sixteen adult male and female Nigerians, aged between 18 and 48 years,
      participated in a 7-d study designed to estimate mean daily intakes of sodium and
      potassium and to determine their food sources. Food logs were kept during the 7-d
      study period. Analysis of data showed a mean daily intake of 8.1 g table salt
      with a range of 3.8 to 18.1 g which provided a mean daily intake of 3.2 g sodium.
      Mean sodium intake from foods alone was 0.85 g +/- 0.08 while sodium nutrient
      density was 2.3 g/1000 kcal. Potassium intake was 2.86 g +/- 0.2 or 1.46 g/1000
      kcal. Mean sodium/potassium ratio of the diets was 1.5. Discretionary use of salt
      was 82 per cent of total intake with table salt supplying 78 per cent. Cereals
      and products provided the highest proportion of natural sodium while starchy
      staples supplied over 40 per cent of the potassium in the diet.

PMID- 3409863
TI  - Calculation of substrate and energy balance in indirect calorimetry.

PMID- 3409862
TI  - Vitamin B12 levels in non-Caucasian vegetarians.

PMID- 3409864
TI  - Cloning of the two chalcone flavanone isomerase genes from Petunia hybrida:
      coordinate, light-regulated and differential expression of flavonoid genes.
AB  - In this paper we report the isolation of cDNA clones encoding the flavonoid
      biosynthetic enzyme chalcone flavanone isomerase (CHI) from Petunia hybrida. A
      nearly full size cDNA clone, isolated from a corolla-specific expression library,
      was characterized by sequence analysis. Using this CHI cDNA and the previously
      cloned flavonoid-specific chalcone synthase (CHS) cDNA we show that CHI and CHS
      genes are coordinately and tissue-specifically expressed in a developmental and
      light-regulated manner. Furthermore, coordinate induction of both mRNAs is
      observed after continuous irradiation of Petunia plantlets with UV light,
      probably as part of the plants UV defence mechanism. The two CHI genes, denoted A
      and B, were isolated from a genomic library of the Petunia inbred line V30. Both
      genes are transcriptionally active: gene A is transcribed in corolla, tube and UV
      irradiated plantlets (1.0 kb mRNA), whereas gene B is only transcribed in
      immature anthers (1.0 kb mRNA). In combination with Southern blot analysis these
      data implicate the presence of two distinct non-allelic CHI genes in the genome
      of the P. hybrida line V30. Unexpectedly, mature anthers accumulate a 0.3 kb
      larger CHI RNA. This RNA is transcribed from CHI gene A and has a 0.3 kb 5'
      extension relative to the gene A transcript found in corolla tissue. Furthermore
      it is neither coordinately expressed with CHS mRNA nor UV inducible. Its
      biological function is still obscure, since no active CHI enzyme could be
      demonstrated in the same tissue.

PMID- 3409865
TI  - Biochemical and mutational analysis of a plant virus polyprotein cleavage site.
AB  - The RNA genome of tobacco etch virus (TEV) is organized as a single translational
      unit coding for a 346,000 (346 kd) mol. wt (Mr) polyprotein. The 346 kd Mr
      polyprotein is cleaved by a 49 kd Mr virus-encoded proteinase at five different
      sites between the dipeptides Gln-Ser or Gln-Gly. These cleavage sites or gene
      product boundaries are defined by the heptapeptide sequence...Glu-Xaa-Xaa-Tyr-Xaa
      Gln-Ser or Gly.... We have used the 54 kd Mr nuclear inclusion protein/30 kd Mr
      capsid protein junction as a model to examine the role of these conserved amino
      acids in defining a cleavage site. The 54 kd/30 kd Mr protein cleavage site
      sequence of 10 TEV isolates from geographically distinct locations has been
      deduced. The conserved amino acids are present in all isolates. To determine if
      these four amino acids are an absolute requirement for polyprotein substrate
      activity, a site-directed mutational analysis has been performed. A recombinant
      cDNA molecule encoding the TEV 54 kd/30 kd Mr gene product cleavage site was
      mutated and polyprotein substrates were synthesized and processed in a cell-free
      system. Single amino acid substitutions made at the different positions reveal a
      strong preference for the naturally conserved amino acids.

PMID- 3409866
TI  - Antiviral state against influenza virus neutralized by microinjection of
      antibodies to interferon-induced Mx proteins.
AB  - In mouse Mx+ cells, interferon alpha/beta induces the synthesis of the nuclear Mx
      protein, whose accumulation is correlated with specific inhibition of influenza
      viral protein synthesis. When Mx+ mouse cells are microinjected with the
      monoclonal anti-Mx antibody 2C12, interferon alpha/beta still induces Mx protein,
      but no longer inhibits efficiently the expression of influenza viral proteins as
      visualized by immunofluorescent labeling. However, interferon inhibition of an
      unrelated control virus, vesicular stomatitis virus, remains unchanged. Proteins
      with homology to mouse Mx protein are found in interferon-treated cells of a
      variety of mammalian species. In rat cells, for instance, rat interferon
      alpha/beta induces three Mx proteins which all cross-react with antibody 2C12 but
      differ in mol. wt and intracellular location, and it protects these cells well
      against influenza viruses. However, when rat cells are microinjected with
      antibody 2C12, interferon alpha/beta cannot induce an efficient antiviral state
      against influenza virus infection, whereas protection against vesicular
      stomatitis virus is not altered. These results show that both mouse and rat cells
      require functional Mx proteins for efficient protection against influenza virus.
      They further demonstrate that microinjection of antibodies is a promising way of
      elucidating the role of particular interferon-induced proteins in the intact
      cell.

PMID- 3409867
TI  - The primary structure of the murine multifinger gene mKr2 and its specific
      expression in developing and adult neurons.
AB  - The complete amino acid sequence of the murine finger-containing gene mKr2 was
      determined. On the basis of sequence similarities in the repeated finger domain,
      mKr2 belongs to the same class of developmentally expressed genes as Drosophila
      Kruppel and hunchback. The presence of metal ion and DNA-binding finger domains
      similar to those identified in TFIIIA supports the hypothesis that these genes
      regulate transcription. mKr2 transcripts are restricted to neurons in the central
      and peripheral nervous system of adult animals. Furthermore, mKr2 transcripts can
      be detected in all the major structures of the developing nervous system during
      embryogenesis. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that mKr2 is a
      regulatory factor required for the differentiation and/or phenotypic maintenance
      of neurons.

PMID- 3409868
TI  - Expression of insulin-like growth factor-I and -II genes in human smooth muscle
      tumours.
AB  - The insulin-like growth factors I and II (IGF-I and -II) are polypeptides which
      play an important role in growth and development of the organism. In the present
      report we describe the detection of human IGF-I RNAs (both type Ia and type Ib)
      and IGF-II RNAs in benign (leiomyoma) and malignant (leiomyosarcoma) tumours from
      smooth muscle origin, using Northern blot hybridization analysis. In normal
      smooth muscle tissue of the uterus we found low levels of IGF-I RNAs only. In the
      tumours the same IGF-I RNA species were detected as in adult non-tumour tissues
      (uterus, liver). For transcription of the IGF-II gene in these tumours, two
      promoters are used which are expressed in fetal liver, but not in adult liver.
      The presence of IGF-I and IGF-II RNAs was also established by nucleotide sequence
      analysis of recombinant DNA clones isolated from cDNA libraries derived from two
      leiomyosarcomas. The nucleotide sequences of these cDNA clones, together covering
      the entire coding regions of IGF-Ia and IGF-II var RNA, predict that IGFs encoded
      by the tumour RNAs do not differ in amino acid sequence from the corresponding
      polypeptides isolated from serum. In those tissues containing IGF-I RNAs, IGF-I
      immunoreactivity was also demonstrated.

PMID- 3409869
TI  - A direct link between core histone acetylation and transcriptionally active
      chromatin.
AB  - An antiserum raised against chemically acetylated histone H4 was found to
      recognize the epitope epsilon-N-acetyl lysine. Affinity-purified antibodies were
      used to fractionate oligo- and mononucleosomal chromatin fragments from the
      nuclei of 15-day chicken embryo erythrocytes. Antibody-bound chromatin was found
      to contain elevated levels of acetylated core histones. On probing with sequences
      of alpha D globin, an actively transcribed gene, the antibody-bound chromatin was
      15- to 30-fold enriched relative to the input chromatin. Using ovalbumin
      sequences as a probe, no enrichment was observed. The results demonstrate
      directly that transcriptionally active genes carry acetylated core histones.

PMID- 3409870
TI  - Trypanosome trans-splicing utilizes 2'-5' branches and a corresponding
      debranching activity.
AB  - The 5' ends of trypanosome mRNAs consist of an identical sequence of 39
      nucleotides which is derived from a discrete transcript of approximately 140
      nucleotides (medRNA). It has been proposed that generation of chimeric mRNAs in
      trypanosomes occurs by the process of trans-splicing involving medRNA and an
      acceptor RNA. Part of the basis for this suggestion comes from the ability of
      HeLa cell extracts (known to contain debranching activity) to catalyze the
      release of the intron portion of medRNA (minRNA) implying a Y-branched
      intermediate in the splicing process. Here we provide direct chemical analysis
      that miniRNA is attached to higher mol. wt RNA molecules by a 2'-5'
      phosphodiester bond (i.e. as a branched structure). We also demonstrate that
      trypanosomes have substantial amounts of debranching activity which is similar in
      nature to that of HeLa cells. These results provide further evidence for trans
      splicing in trypanosomes and highlights its similarity to cis-splicing in other
      eukaryotes.

PMID- 3409872
TI  - Initiation of heteroduplex-loop repair by T4-encoded endonuclease VII in vitro.
AB  - Heteroduplex DNAs with single-stranded loops of 51 nt or 8 nt were constructed in
      vitro and used in reactions with purified endonuclease VII (endo VII) from phage
      T4. The enzyme makes double-strand breaks by introducing pairs of staggered nicks
      flanking the loops. Regardless of loop-size the nicking sites map exclusively at
      the 3' side of the loop in the looping strand and at the 3' side of the base of
      the loop in the non-looping strand. The number of potential cleavage sites is
      small (less than 5) and their distribution depends on DNA sequence. The two
      closest staggered nicks are 4 bp apart, 2 bp on either side of the loop. Nicking
      always occurs in the double-stranded part of the molecules; the single-stranded
      loops are not attacked by endo VII. The nicks are introduced in a stepwise
      fashion and selection of the strand for the first nick depends on the sequence of
      31 base pairs flanking the loops.

PMID- 3409871
TI  - Cold-sensitive and caffeine-supersensitive mutants of the Schizosaccharomyces
      pombe dis genes implicated in sister chromatid separation during mitosis.
AB  - We isolated novel classes of Schizosaccharomyces pombe cold-sensitive dis mutants
      that block mitotic chromosome separation (nine mapped in the dis1 gene and one
      each in the dis2 and dis3 genes). Defective phenotype at restrictive temperature
      is similar among the mutants; the chromosomes condense and anomalously move to
      the cell ends in the absence of their disjoining so that they are unequally
      distributed at the two cell ends. Synchronous culture analyses indicate that the
      cells can enter into mitosis at normal timing but become lethal during mitosis.
      In comparison with the wild-type mitosis, defects are found in the early spindle
      structure, the mitotic chromosome structure, the poleward chromosome movement by
      the spindle elongation and the telophase spindle degradation. The dis mutants
      lose at permissive temperature an artificial minichromosome at higher rates than
      occur in the wild type. We found that all the dis mutants isolated are
      supersensitive to caffeine at permissive temperature. Furthermore, the mutant
      cells in the presence of caffeine produce a phenotype similar to that obtained at
      restrictive temperature. We suggest that the dis genes are required for the
      sister chromatid separation at the time of mitosis and that caffeine might affect
      the dis gene expression. We cloned, in addition to the dis2+ and dis3+ genes,
      multicopy extragenic suppressor sequences which complement dis1 and dis2
      mutations. A complex regulatory system may exist for the execution of the dis+
      gene functions.

PMID- 3409873
TI  - Chromosomal aberrations induced by in vitro irradiation: comparisons between
      human sperm and lymphocytes.
AB  - Types and frequencies of structural aberrations in human sperm and lymphocyte
      chromosomes from one donor were compared after in vitro irradiation with 100,
      200, and 400 rad in order to determine if cells with dramatically different
      chromatin configurations are similarly affected and to investigate the
      feasibility of using lymphocytes as surrogates for germ cells in risk estimation.
      Sperm chromosomes were analyzed after fusion with eggs from the golden hamster.
      Total frequencies of induced aberrations were similar in the two cell types.
      However, the relative frequencies of rejoined lesions (dicentrics), compared with
      unrejoined lesions (chromosome breaks and acentric fragments), were different. At
      the three doses tested, a constant ratio of 5 dicentrics in lymphocytes for every
      dicentric in sperm was induced. Conversely, for every chromosome break or
      acentric fragment induced in lymphocytes, 1.7 such events were induced in sperm
      at the three doses tested.

PMID- 3409874
TI  - Sister chromatid exchanges in the lymphocytes of control women, pregnant women,
      and women taking oral contraceptives: effects of cell culture temperature.
AB  - The incidence of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) was investigated in the
      lymphocytes of control women, pregnant women, and women using oral contraceptives
      after culture at 37 degrees C and 40 degrees C. At 37 degrees C, the mean
      frequency of SCE (MEAN +/- S.E.) was found to be 7.91 +/- 0.30 in pregnant women
      and 8.53 +/- 0.29 in oral contraceptive users which were significantly higher
      than the SCE value of 5.56 +/- 0.21 found in control women. Increase in growth
      temperature to 40 degrees C elevated the SCE frequency to 11.86 +/- 0.44 in
      pregnant women, 12.76 +/- 0.46 in oral contraceptive users and 7.24 +/- 0.26 in
      control women. These data indicate that there is a differential induction of SCEs
      following increased cell culture temperature in the lymphocytes of pregnant women
      and oral contraceptive users, compared with control women.

PMID- 3409875
TI  - Persistence of SCE-inducing lesions in lymphocytes of mice exposed to diaziquone.
AB  - Male C57B1/6 mice were injected i.p. with either 1.25 or 5.0 mg/kg diaziquone
      (AZQ) and killed at various time intervals from 1 to 99 days post treatment for
      examination of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) persistence in the peripheral
      blood lymphocytes (PBLs) and splenocytes. SCE frequencies were found to decay
      steeply during the first week after exposure in both PBLs and splenocytes. This
      pattern was followed by a slower decline to baseline over the next week. However,
      high-frequency cell (HFC) analysis indicates that significant numbers of HFCs
      persist in the PBLs through day 28 and splenocytes at day 99 post exposure.
      Mathematical modeling of the time-response curves indicates that the average life
      span of the majority of AZQ-induced SCE-producing lesions in murine PBLs and
      splenocytes responsive to phytohemagglutinin is between 3 and 5 days.

PMID- 3409876
TI  - Sister chromatid exchange induction near the baseline with low doses of the
      alkylating agent CCNU.
AB  - Sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and cell-cycle kinetics were examined at near
      baseline levels in human peripheral lymphocytes exposed to low doses of the
      potent SCE inducer 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU), in vitro.
      A preliminary SCE dose-response curve was determined with a broad range of doses
      of CCNU using a single donor. SCE induction was approximately linear over the
      entire dose range from 5 to 200 microM CCNU. Cell cycle kinetics were retarded in
      a dose-dependent manner. A second dose-response curve from the same donor was
      constructed using several doses of CCNU between 0.5 and 10 microM to evaluate
      linearity and uniformity of SCE response near baseline levels. SCE induction was
      approximately linear between 1.0 and 10.0 microM CCNU. Finally, SCE and cell
      cycle kinetics were examined in 12 donors at doses of 1.0, 5.0, and 10.0 microM
      CCNU to evaluate the reproducibility of near-baseline SCE induction over a range
      of subjects. Cell-cycle kinetics were retarded at all three doses with a highly
      significant increase in SCE frequencies at 5.0 and 10.0 microM CCNU. These data
      suggest that increases in SCE less than twice background can be reliable
      indicators of genotoxic exposure.

PMID- 3409878
TI  - High concentrations of sodium chloride induce a "positive" response at the TK
      locus of L5178Y/TK+/- mouse lymphoma cells.

PMID- 3409877
TI  - Genotoxic effects of some systemic pesticides: in vivo chromosomal aberrations in
      bone marrow cells in rats.
AB  - The genotoxic effects of five pesticides (benomyl, 2,4-D, dimecron,
      monocrotophos, and vitavax) were evaluated in the rat bone marrow cytogenetic
      assay. The spectrum of aberrations observed included chromatid breaks, chromatid
      fragments, ring chromosomes, dicentric chromosomes, and chromosome fragments. It
      was observed that 2,4-D, dimecron, and vitavax were clastogenic, but the results
      obtained with benomyl and monocrotophos were equivocal.

PMID- 3409879
TI  - Effect of amino acid substitutions and deletions on the thermal stability, the pH
      stability and unfolding by urea of bovine calbindin D9k.
AB  - The influence of amino acid substitutions and deletions on the stability of
      bovine calbindin D9k, the smallest protein known with a pair of EF-hand calcium
      binding sites, has been studied using circular dichroism and ultraviolet
      absorption spectroscopy. The five modifications are confined to one of the two
      Ca2+ -binding sites. The Ca2+-loaded forms of the wild-type and mutant calbindins
      are too stable to be significantly denatured by heating at 90 degrees C or by
      adding 8 M urea. For the Ca2+-free (apo) forms thermal unfolding appears to be
      only half complete at 90 degrees C, while denaturation is complete in 7-8 M urea.
      Four of the mutant proteins show reduced resistance towards unfolding by urea,
      but one of the modified proteins (Glu-17----Gln) shows an increased stability,
      presumably because of a reduced electrostatic repulsion in the native state.
      According to X-ray crystallographic data the OH group of the single tyrosine of
      calbindin (Tyr-13) is hydrogen-bonded to the carboxyl group of Glu-35, thus
      linking the two alpha helices flanking the N-terminal Ca2+ site. The pK of
      ionization of the Tyr-13 hydroxyl group was over 13 for calcium forms of the wild
      type protein, between 12.3 and 12.8 for the calcium form of three mutants and
      between 11.5 and 11.7 for the apoproteins. Significant differences in pH
      stability between wild type and mutants were observed in the calcium forms, but
      were not apparent in the apo forms.

PMID- 3409880
TI  - Peripheral inactivation of neurotensin. Isolation and characterization of a
      metallopeptidase from rat ileum.
AB  - A peptidase that inactivated neurotensin by cleaving the peptide at the Pro10
      Tyr11 bond, generating the biologically inactive fragments neurotensin(1-10) and
      neurotensin(11-13) was purified from whole rat ileum homogenate. The purified
      enzyme behaved as a 70-75-kDa monomer as determined by SDS-PAGE analysis in
      reducing or non-reducing conditions and gel permeation on Ultrogel AcA34. The
      peptidase was insensitive to thiol-blocking agents and acidic and serine protease
      inhibitors but could be strongly inhibited by 1,10-phenanthroline, EDTA,
      dithiothreitol and heavy metal ions such as zinc, copper and cobalt. Zinc was the
      only divalent cation able potently to reactivate the apoenzyme. This enzyme could
      be distinguished from endopeptidases EC 3.4.24.15 and EC 3.4.24.11, angiotensin
      converting enzyme, proline endopeptidase, aminopeptidase and pyroglutamyl-peptide
      hydrolase since it was not affected by micromolar concentrations of their
      specific inhibitors. The peptidase displayed a high affinity for neurotensin (1.6
      microM). Studies concerning the specificity of the enzyme towards the sequence of
      neurotensin established the following. (a) Neurotensin(9-13) was the shortest
      partial sequence that fully inhibited tritiated neurotensin degradation;
      shortening the C-terminal part of the neurotensin molecule led to inactive
      fragments. (b) Amidation of the C-terminal end of the peptide did not prevent the
      recognition by the peptidase. (c) There existed a strong stereospecificity of the
      peptidase for the residues in positions 8, 9 and 11 of the neurotensin molecule.
      (d) Pro-Xaa dipeptides (where Xaa represented aromatic or hydrophobic residues)
      were the most potent inhibitors of tritiated neurotensin degradation while all
      the Xaa-Pro dipeptides tested were totally ineffective. (e) The neurotensin
      related peptides: neuromedin N, xenopsin and [Lys8-Asn9]neurotensin(8-13), as
      well as angiotensins I and II and dynorphins(1-8) and (1-13) were as potent as
      neurotensin in inhibiting [3H]neurotensin hydrolysis.

PMID- 3409881
TI  - A major nucleolar protein, nucleolin, induces chromatin decondensation by binding
      to histone H1.
AB  - Using circular dichroism to probe the extent of DNA condensation in chromatin, we
      have demonstrated that a major nucleolar protein, nucleolin can decondense
      chromatin. By means of various binding assays we show that nucleolin has a strong
      affinity for histone H1 and that the phosphorylated N-terminal domain, rich in
      lengthy stretches of acidic amino acids, is responsible for this ionic
      interaction. Additional experiments clearly demonstrate that nucleolin is unable
      to act as a nucleosome core assembly or disassembly factor and hence has little
      affinity for the core histone octamer. We propose that this nucleolar protein
      induces chromatin decondensation by binding to histone H1, and that nucleolin can
      therefore be regarded as a protein of the high-mobility-group type.

PMID- 3409882
TI  - Cloning of a full-length complementary DNA for fatty-acid-binding protein from
      bovine heart.
AB  - A full-length cDNA for bovine heart fatty-acid-binding protein (H-FABP) was
      cloned from a lambda gt11 cDNA library established from bovine heart muscle. The
      cDNA sequence shows an open reading frame coding for a protein with 133 amino
      acids. Colinearity with the amino acid sequences of four tryptic peptides was
      asserted. H-FABP isolated from bovine heart begins with an N-acetylated valine
      residue, however, as derived from analysis of the tryptic, amino-terminal-blocked
      peptide and the molecular mass of the peptide obtained via secondary-ion mass
      spectrometry. The molecular mass of the total protein is 14673 Da. Bovine H-FABP
      is 89% homologous to rat H-FABP and 97% homologous to the bovine mammary-derived
      growth-inhibition factor described recently by Bohmer et al. [J. Biol. Chem. 262,
      15137-15143 (1987)]. Significant homologies were also found with bovine myelin
      protein P2 and murine adipocyte protein p422. Secondary-structure predictions
      were proposed for these proteins, based on computer analysis, which reveal
      striking similarities.

PMID- 3409883
TI  - Enhancing effect of a phorbol ester and of retinoic acid on glucocorticoid
      induction of chenodeoxycholate hydroxylation in hepatoma cultures.
AB  - In cultures of the differentiated clones Faza 967, Fao and HF, derived from
      Reuber hepatoma, physiological doses of glucocorticoid induce chenodeoxycholate 6
      beta-hydroxylation, a microsomal cytochrome-P-450-mediated activity (enhanced in
      liver by phenobarbital and not by benzo[a]anthracene). Whereas 12-O
      tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) alone has no effect the tumor promoter,
      when added to dexamethasone, enhances this induction. This enhancement, half
      maximum with 10 ng/ml TPA, is a function of the dose between 1 ng/ml and 50
      ng/ml; 50 ng/ml (80 nM) increase 4-7-fold the induction rate (as measured in
      cultures by the amount of bile acid hydroxylated per 10(6) cells in 24 h, and in
      homogenates from treated cells) and 2.5-fold the maximum activity attained by the
      third day of induction. When added to cultures of the dedifferentiated clone H5,
      treated with benzo[a]anthracene, TPA does not influence benzo[a]pyrene
      hydroxylase induction, as shown by the total and relative amounts of the various
      hydrosoluble benzo[a]pyrene metabolites. TPA does not affect tyrosine
      aminotransferase induction in dexamethasone-treated Fao cultures. The enhancement
      is not suppressed by indomethacin, an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis. After
      dexamethasone removal from induced Faza 967 cultures, addition of TPA to the
      medium does not affect the decay rate of the chenodeoxycholate-hydroxylating
      activity. Retinoic acid similarly enhances the induction by dexamethasone of
      chenodeoxycholate hydroxylation, both in treated Faza 967 cultures and in
      homogenates from treated cultures. The effects of TPA and retinoic acid are
      additive. These results suggest a possible cooperation at the transcriptional
      level between transactive factors, involving TPA-mediated alterations, retinoic
      acid and glucocorticoid receptors. The system described might provide a
      convenient experimental approach in the study of its mechanism.

PMID- 3409884
TI  - Displacement of histones by sperm-specific proteins at different stages of
      spermatogenesis of squid.
AB  - Changes in the composition of the chromatin basic proteins during spermatogenesis
      of the squid Illex argentinus were studied. The core histones of I. argentinus
      slightly differ from those of calf thymus in the subfractional composition of
      histones H2A and H2B. A similar amino acid composition is revealed in the
      histones H1 of the squid I. argentinus and calf thymus. Histone H1 of the squid
      has a lower molecular mass and a special subfractional composition as compared to
      those of calf thymus, grass carp and carp studied formerly [Kadura et al. (1983)
      Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 743, 343-350]. Neither the fractional nor subfractional
      composition of histones changes during spermatogenesis. The two new proteins were
      revealed in the chromatin composition of squid testes and spermatozoa illexines
      I1 and I2. Illexine I2 is composed of two subfractions I2-1 and I2-2. Illexine I2
      shows a high content of arginine (75 mol/100 mol). Serine (10 mol/100 mol),
      histidine (3,2 mol/100 mol) and tyrosine residues (2,9 mol/100 mol) are also
      present. Illexine I1 shows the presence of arginine (45,6 mol/100 mol), lysine
      (7.6 mol/100 mol), serine (11.4 mol/100 mol), hystidine (2.3 mol/100 mol) and
      tyrosine residues (2.8 mol/100 mol). Molecular masses of illexines I2 and I1 are
      approximately 7 kDa and 9 kDa respectively. It is supposed that during
      spermatogenesis the histones are displaced in two-stage order: histones----I1---
      I2.

PMID- 3409885
TI  - Rearrangements of chromatin structure during spermatogenesis of squid.
AB  - A stepwise replacement of somatic histones on sperm-specific proteins (we have
      termed them illexines I1 and I2) is found to occur during spermatogenesis of
      squid Illex argentinus [Kadura, S.N. and Khrapunov, S.N. (1988) Eur. J. Biochem.
      175, 603-607]. The chromatin from nuclei of squid immature testes has a
      nucleosomal DNA repeat which corresponds to the nucleosomal repeat of calf thymus
      chromatin (195 +/- 5 bp). As spermatozoa become mature and illexine I2
      accumulates in the chromatin, the nucleosomal structure of the latter disappears
      and chromatin compacting takes place. The chromatin DNA from squid spermatozoa is
      highly resistant to micrococcal nuclease action. Spectrophotometry and
      spectrofluorimetry were to establish that neither illexine I1 nor illexine I2
      forms a globular structure in solution under any conditions studied. Illexine I2
      (approx. 7 kDa) shows a high affinity to DNA and remains bound to it under
      conditions when complexes of illexine I1 (approx. 9 kDa) and salmine (approx. 4.5
      kDa) with DNA completely dissociate. This fact, allowing for a similar content
      (about 75%) of arginine in illexine I2 and salmine, suggests high clustering of
      arginine residues in the composition of illexine I2. It is suggested that the
      initial stage of histone substitution with illexine I1, which has a more moderate
      affinity to DNA than illexine I2, prepares chromatin for the formation of a
      highly packed structure by illexine I2 during squid spermatogenesis.

PMID- 3409886
TI  - Isolation, molecular properties and kinetic studies of a strict beta-fucosidase
      from Lactuca sativa latex. Its possible role in the cell-wall degradation of
      articulated laticifers.
AB  - A beta-fucosidase located in the latex serum of Lactuca sativa has been isolated
      and purified to homogeneity. This enzyme greatly differs from the other
      fucosidases already known in that it is strictly specific for the fucosyl residue
      and for the anomeric beta carbon. It is the first time that such an enzyme is
      shown to exist. The enzyme is a monomer and its molecular mass is close to 37
      kDa. Its sedimentation constant is equal to 2.8 S. It is very stable at pH 5.5 in
      citrate/phosphate buffer but extensive denaturation occurs up to pH 7.5. Kinetic
      studies have shown that two ionization steps probably control the rate of the
      enzymatic hydrolysis. No precise information could be obtained about the possible
      in vivo role of this beta-fucosidase. However, the pure enzyme can release fucose
      from the cell walls obtained from hypocotyls of L. sativa. This result may be
      taken as evidence for the presence of beta-fucosidic links in these walls so that
      the enzyme could be involved in the differentiation of articulated laticifers.

PMID- 3409887
TI  - Ornithine-containing lipids of some Pseudomonas species.
AB  - Ornithine-containing lipids purified by thin-layer chromatography were found to
      represent 2-15% of the total extractable cellular lipids in two or three strains
      each of four Pseudomonas species: P. aeruginosa, P. fluorescens, P. stutzeri and
      P. cepacia. The structures of the ornithine-containing lipids were elucidated by
      chemical analysis, thin-layer chromatography, gas-liquid chromatography, gas
      liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (electron impact or secondary ion) and
      infrared absorption spectroscopy. At least six molecular species of ornithine
      containing lipids were present in common in all of the preparations of the four
      Pseudomonas species. The structure which was the most abundantly in P.
      fluorescens (about 60% of the total amount of the ornithine-containing lipid) was
      3-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid amide-linked to ornithine and esterified to
      hexadecanoic acid. In addition to this structure, 3-hydroxyoctadecenoic acid
      amide-linked to ornithine and esterified to hexadecanoic acid was a dominant
      structure in the ornithine-containing lipids of P. aeruginosa, P. stutzeri or P.
      cepacia. In P. cepacia, another ornithine-containing lipids with a terminal polar
      fatty acid, 3-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid amide-linked to ornithine and esterified
      to 2-hydroxynonadecacyclopropanoic acid or 2-hydroxyoctadecenoic acid, was found;
      its content, which represented 8-11% of the total extractable cellular lipids,
      was higher than that of the ornithine-containing lipids with a terminal nonpolar
      fatty acid. These ornithine-containing lipids exhibited hemagglutinating
      activity. Additionally, it was very interesting that hydroxy fatty acids included
      in the ornithine-containing lipids were not found in the phospholipids which
      represented more than 80% of the total extractable cellular lipids.

PMID- 3409888
TI  - Biliverdin IX delta and neobiliverdin IX delta, isolated from the ovaries of the
      marine snail, Turbo cornutus.
AB  - The ovaries of the marine snail Turbo cornutus contain a number of pigments. So
      far, the presence of carotenoids and a chromoprotein with a bile pigment, called
      turboverdin (= 3(2)-hydroxy-mesobiliverdin IX alpha), as its prosthetic group are
      known. The present work describes the isolation and structure elucidation of two
      further bile pigments, biliverdin IX delta and neobiliverdin IX delta. This is
      the first report of naturally occurring bile pigments with IX delta structure.

PMID- 3409889
TI  - Phosphorylation of a 51-kDa envelope membrane polypeptide involved in protein
      translocation into chloroplasts.
AB  - In this report we demonstrate that a 51-kDa outer-envelope membrane protein (P51)
      is involved in protein translocation into chloroplasts. Furthermore it is shown
      that phosphorylation of P51 is functionally related to the process of binding
      and/or importing precursor proteins into chloroplasts. Several lines of evidence
      have been obtained supporting this suggestion. First, protein import into
      chloroplasts was inhibited by the membrane-impermeable agent pyridoxal 5'
      phosphate, which has been shown to react with a component of the protein-import
      apparatus. Phosphorylation of envelope membrane polypeptides using [gamma-32P]ATP
      in the presence of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate resulted in an increased incorporation
      of 32P radiolabel into a 51-kDa membrane polypeptide (P51). A close correlation
      between the inhibition of protein import and the increase in the phosphorylation
      state of P51, both as a function of PLP concentration, was observed. Second,
      binding of purified precursor proteins to chloroplasts resulted in a specific
      increase in the phosphorylation state of P51. This effect was not exerted by the
      mature form of the precursor protein lacking the presequence. Third, internally
      generated ATP was able to compete specifically with externally added [gamma
      32P]ATP for the phosphorylation of P51. Fourth, digestion of the outer-envelope
      membrane with low amounts of thermolysin resulted in a loss of protein import
      activity, which was associated with the removal of the phosphorylation site of
      P51. Phosphorylation of P51 proceeds with an apparent Km (ATP) of about 5 microM,
      which is much lower than the ATP concentration required for the protein
      translocation itself. We suggest that two different ATP-dependent processes are
      involved in protein translocation into chloroplasts. P51 represent presumably a
      regulatory component of the protein-import apparatus or the protein receptor
      itself.

PMID- 3409890
TI  - Partial purification and characterization of cytosolic Tyr-protein kinase(s) from
      human erythrocytes.
AB  - Tyrosine-protein kinase, phosphorylating tyrosine residues of transmembrane band
      3 protein, has been partially purified from human erythrocyte cytosol by DEAE
      Sepharose chromatography followed by heparin-Sepharose chromatography. Such a Tyr
      protein kinase (36 kDa), as distinct from the Ser/Thre-protein kinases (casein
      kinase S and TS), appears to display a broader site specificity than does the
      previously described human erythrocyte P-Tyr-protein phosphatase,
      dephosphorylating band 3 protein. That is, it is able to phosphorylate not only
      the highly acidic copolymer poly(Glu-Tyr) but also angiotensin II, lacking an
      acidic amino acid sequence around the target Tyr residue. Moreover, the
      phosphorylation of these two substrates exhibits a different pH dependence and a
      different response to NaCl and 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate. These results suggest
      that in intact erythrocytes the cytosolic Tyr-protein kinase might phosphorylate
      band 3 not only on Tyr-8, surrounded by several acidic side-chains (as
      demonstrated preferentially to occur in isolated ghosts), but also on other Tyr
      residues surrounded by other amino acid sequences.

PMID- 3409891
TI  - Independent prognostic risk factors for patients referred because of suspected
      acute myocardial infarction without confirmed diagnosis. Prognosis after
      discharge in relation to medical history and non-invasive investigations.
AB  - Variables associated with risk of cardiac events, i.e. acute myocardial
      infarction (AMI) or cardiac death after discharge, were studied in patients who
      had been referred to coronary care units because of suspected AMI due to chest
      pain, but in whom this was not confirmed. The patients were all under 76 years of
      age, and were followed from 12 to 24 months, median 14 months. The estimated
      percentage without a cardiac event in 257 patients after one year was 91.3. On
      the basis of prognostic and clinical importance the analyzed variables included
      selected aspects of the medical history, electrocardiogram on admission in all
      257 patients, subsequent electrocardiogram at rest, exercise test, thallium
      scintigraphy, chest X-ray, echocardiography, systolic time intervals and Holter
      monitoring when possible in 217 patients. Multivariate analysis identified
      combined electrocardiogram at rest and during exercise as the only variable with
      independent prognostic information. The presence of ST segment deviation, Q-wave,
      negative T-wave or intraventricular block in the electrocardiogram at rest or an
      abnormal ST segment response during exercise, increased the hazard of a cardiac
      event by a factor of 11.8. It is concluded that patients without confirmed AMI
      are at risk following discharge. These patients should undergo an exercise test
      and those with an abnormal electrocardiogram at rest and/or during exercise
      should be followed closely after discharge.

PMID- 3409892
TI  - Non-invasive assessment of infarct reperfusion: the predictive power of the time
      to peak value of myoglobin, CKMB, and CK in serum.
AB  - Intravenous thrombolytic therapy has become a routine therapeutic intervention in
      acute myocardial infarction. In order to evaluate its success in the general
      hospital community noninvasive methods are needed. Therefore, the effect of
      infarct reperfusion on the times to peak value of myoglobin, CKMB, and CK were
      studied in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Recanalization of the
      occluded coronary artery was achieved by intracoronary infusion of streptokinase
      in eight patients within 3.5 h, and in 18 patients more than 3.5h after onset of
      pain. In 10 patients, the coronary artery remained occluded, and in eight
      patients thrombolysis was not attempted. Analyzing the times to peak value of
      myoglobin, CKMB, and CK, the probability of correct classification of infarct
      reperfusion varied between 1 and 0.9, if recanalization was achieved within 3.5 h
      after onset of pain. The predictive power could be improved further by a combined
      analysis of the times to peak value of both myoglobin and CK. In cases where
      reperfusion was achieved more than 3.5 h after the onset of pain, the probability
      of correct classification of infarct reperfusion varied between 0.99 and 0.05.
      Among the marker proteins analyzed, myoglobin allowed the earliest and best
      discrimination between reperfusion or no reperfusion. Thus, by applying the time
      to peak value analysis, infarct reperfusion can only be predicted reliably if it
      is achieved early after onset of pain.

PMID- 3409893
TI  - Predictive value of ventricular arrhythmias in resuscitated out-of-hospital
      cardiac arrest victims.
AB  - Twenty-four hour ambulatory electrocardiograms recorded in 103 survivors of out
      of-hospital cardiac arrest were analyzed to find those characteristics of the
      ventricular premature complex (VPC) which provide the best combination of
      sensitivity, specificity, and predictive accuracy for subsequent mortality. VPC
      characteristics were grouped as: (1) frequent (greater than or equal to 25 h-1),
      (2)bigeminal, (3) multiform, (4) early coupled, (5) pairing, (6) repetitive
      greater than or equal to 2, (7) repetitive greater than or equal to 3, (8)
      repetitive greater than or equal to 6, (9) the combination of frequent and
      repetitive, or (10) complex defined as any multiform, early, bigeminal or
      repetitive VPC. In an average follow-up period of 43 months, 42 deaths occurred,
      17 of which were classified as sudden. Each characteristic was a significant
      predictor for all causes of subsequent death except early coupled VPCs and
      repetitive VPCs greater than 6. None of the characteristics reached significance
      as predictors for sudden death. The number of repetitive VPCs when stratified to
      none, greater than or equal to 2 and greater than or equal to 3 successive VPCs
      correlated with mortality in an incremental fashion. The combination of frequent
      VPCs and repetitive VPCs provided the best combination of sensitivity,
      specificity and predictive accuracy for death from all causes within five years.

PMID- 3409894
TI  - Rate-responsive pacing as compared to fixed-rate VVI pacing in patients after
      ablation of the atrioventricular conduction system.
AB  - In 44 patients with supraventricular arrhythmias various pacemakers were studied
      after closed-chest ablation of the atrioventricular conduction system. There were
      22 patients with a rate-programmable VVI pacemaker (Group I), 15 patients with an
      activity mode (ACTIVITRAX 8400) (Group II) and seven patients with a QT-mode
      pacemaker (QUINTECH 911) (Group III). To study both physical work capacity and
      heart-rate behaviour, exercise testing was performed using a treadmill. Sixteen
      patients in Group I (72.7%) complained of shortness of breath during exercise in
      comparison to four patients (26.7%) in Group II and three patients (42.9%) in
      Group III. Normal physical work capacity was observed in three of 22 patients
      (13.6%) in Group I and in all patients in Groups II and III. The heart rate both
      increased and decreased more rapidly at the onset and end of the stress test,
      respectively, in patients with activity-mode compared to patients with QT-mode
      pacing systems. These data show that, despite successful His-bundle ablation,
      both dyspnea and decreased work capacity are observed when VVI pacemakers are
      used. In contrast, the use of rate-responsive pacing systems leads to better
      cardiac performance.

PMID- 3409895
TI  - Doppler echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular filling dynamics in
      patients with coronary heart disease and normal systolic function.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to assess altered left ventricular diastolic
      filling by noninvasive means in patients with coronary artery disease and normal
      systolic pump function. Mitral inflow velocity was measured by pulsed Doppler,
      and left ventricular volumes were obtained from cross-sectional echocardiography
      at rest and during upright bicycle exercise. Peak and integrated early and late
      diastolic filling velocities were calculated from Doppler-derived time-velocity
      curves. Studies were performed in normal subjects (group I, n = 8) and in
      patients with angiographically proven coronary artery disease (Group II, n = 18).
      The ejection fraction was not significantly different in group II as compared to
      group I (group I, 60 +/- 7%; group II, 55 +/- 11%). During exercise, ejection
      fraction increased significantly in group I by 7.6%, but did not increase in
      group II. In all cases, diastolic filling showed a biphasic pattern. At rest, the
      major part of diastolic filling occurred during early diastole: the ratio of
      early filling velocity integral (E) to the late filling velocity integral (L) was
      significantly greater in group I than in group II (group I, 1.74 +/- 37; group
      II, 1.19 +/- 3, P less than 0.001). During exercise, early diastolic filling was
      unchanged in normal subjects but decreased in patients, with a significant
      decrease in E/L index of 34% (P less than 0.001). Thus, pulsed Doppler
      echocardiography provides a useful method for assessing noninvasively exercise
      induced changes in left ventricular diastolic filling dynamics in patients with
      coronary artery disease.

PMID- 3409896
TI  - A comparison of isometric exercise, cold pressor stimulation and dynamic exercise
      in patients with coronary heart disease.
AB  - Isometric exercise and cold pressor stimulation have been proposed as
      alternatives to dynamic exercise in the evaluation of patients with coronary
      heart disease. We evaluated all three, by gated radionuclide ventriculography, in
      13 male controls and 44 male patients with coronary heart disease. In controls,
      mean left ventricular ejection fraction did not change during isometric exercise
      or cold pressor stimulation (64 +/- 2 to 63 +/- 2 and 63 +/- 3) but fell
      significantly in patients (56 +/- 1 to 53 +/- 1 and 53 +/- 1, both P less than
      0.001). During dynamic exercise, mean left ventricular ejection fraction rose in
      controls (64 +/- 2 to 84 +/- 2, P less than 0.001) but did not change in patients
      (56 +/- 1 to 56 +/- 2). There was considerable overlap between the groups in the
      left ventricular ejection fraction response to isometric exercise and cold
      pressor stimulation; only dynamic exercise discriminated between them. Isometric
      exercise and cold pressor stimulation are of little value in the diagnosis of
      coronary heart disease by radionuclide ventriculography.

PMID- 3409897
TI  - Maximal spatial ST vector of S-T segment elevation in the right praecordial leads
      on electrocardiogram due to acute pericarditis.
AB  - Three patients with acute pericarditis with S-T segment elevation in the right
      praecordial leads were studied by vectorcardiography. The vectorcardiographic
      findings suggested that, in acute pericarditis, the maximal spatial ST vector
      pointed to the left-anterior-inferior direction. The S-T segment elevations in
      the right praecordial leads in these patients were due to the large magnitude of
      the maximal spatial ST vector. Its magnitude indirectly caused S-T segment
      elevation in the right praecordial leads adjacent to it during the acute stage of
      pericarditis.

PMID- 3409898
TI  - Cardiac haemangioma associated with a facial port-wine stain and recurrent atrial
      tachycardia.
AB  - We report an unusual case of a 44-year-old lady with a facial port-wine stain and
      a life-long history of atrial tachycardia who was found to have a large
      haemangioma lying posterior to the heart supplied by both the right and left
      coronary arteries. The facial port-wine stain was felt to be a cutaneous marker
      of the cardiac neoplasm.

PMID- 3409899
TI  - Left atrial ball thrombus: echocardiographic features and clinical implications.
AB  - The echocardiographic features of left atrial ball thrombus associated with
      mitral stenosis are reviewed, and some previously unpublished cross-sectional
      echocardiographic findings presented. In one patient who had a large free
      floating ball thrombus there was variation in its echocardiographic appearance;
      the thrombus was removed uneventfully at surgery. In another patient who had a
      pedunculated but immobile ball thrombus, a stalk was identified which attached it
      to the inter-atrial septum; this patient died suddenly before surgery could be
      performed, due to detachment of the thrombus and obstruction of the mitral valve
      orifice. Cross-sectional echocardiography is clearly superior to M-mode imaging
      in the detection of atrial thrombi, and variable appearances may help
      differentiation of thrombus from myxoma. Whether or not a ball thrombus appears
      mobile, emergency thrombectomy and mitral valve replacement is indicated, because
      of the risk of obstruction of the mitral valve.

PMID- 3409901
TI  - Workshop on Psychosocial Factors in Coronary Heart Disease. 23-25 April 1987,
      Dubrovnik, Yugoslavia. Proceedings.

PMID- 3409900
TI  - Recurrent paradoxical embolism complicating severe thromboembolic pulmonary
      hypertension.
AB  - A patient with a three-year history of recurrent pulmonary embolism is presented.
      Thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension was proven in the final stage of disease in
      the presence of repeated episodes of systemic embolic events. Paradoxical
      embolism was assumed to be present on the basis of blood-gas analysis and
      contrast echocardiography that demonstrated a right-to-left shunt at atrial
      level. Autopsy revealed a patent foramen ovale and provided strong evidence for
      the accuracy of the clinical diagnosis.

PMID- 3409902
TI  - Summary of Workshop on Psychosocial Factors in Coronary Heart Disease:
      measurement, evaluation, and intervention.

PMID- 3409903
TI  - Psychosocial factors and cardiovascular disease: epidemiological approaches.

PMID- 3409904
TI  - Use of questionnaires, interviews, and psychological tests in epidemiological
      studies of coronary heart disease.

PMID- 3409906
TI  - Nitrates '87. International symposium. 14-17 May 1987, Venice, Italy.
      Proceedings.

PMID- 3409905
TI  - Models of health behaviour.
AB  - This short overview focusing on health behaviour as related to coronary risk
      calls for a distinction between models which aim at explaining initiation of
      health-damaging behaviour during adolescence and models explaining maintenance of
      risk behaviour in adult life. With respect to the former, close links between the
      development of a stable self-concept and risk behaviour are stressed. With
      respect to the latter, four theoretical models are summarized: the model of risk
      taking behaviour; the health belief model; the model of cultural lag and the
      model of social comparison. The practical implications of these models are
      discussed briefly.

PMID- 3409907
TI  - Isosorbide-5-mononitrate and nifedipine can reduce ischaemic ST-segment changes
      during Holter monitoring in patients with spontaneous angina pectoris.
AB  - Ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring is as yet the only method to document
      ischaemia occurring in patients with coronary artery disease during their normal
      daily activities. We conducted a controlled double-blind trial comparing the
      effects of isosorbide-5-mononitrate (IS-5-MN) 3 X 20 mg, sustained release IS-5
      MN 50 mg once daily and sustained release nifedipine 3 X 20 mg in patients with
      documented coronary heart disease and transient ischaemic episodes. 20 patients
      were included, 15 finished the four-week study period. Two developed unstable
      angina, one headache, one thyreotoxicosis, one a hypertensive crisis and were
      thus withdrawn. On dual-channel FM recorded ECG ischaemic episodes were counted
      when ST-deviation was more than 1 mm for more than 1 min. 70% of the ischaemic
      episodes were asymptomatic. Patients received IS-5-MN and nifedipine in 4 weekly
      periods in random order. At the end of each weekly period, ambulatory monitoring
      was repeated and showed reduction of episodes by 68% and 68% for IS-5-MN weeks
      and 56% and 60% for nifedipine weeks all P less than 0.05 vs. pretreatment. The
      reduction in number and duration of episodes was similar for painful and painless
      episodes. Individual responses were very variable and in all treatment periods
      only around half of the patients became completely free of ischaemic episodes.
      Two of the 15 patients did not respond to either way of treatment. In conclusion-
      treatment effects for a group of patients with transient--predominantly silent-
      ischaemia can be documented with ambulatory electrocardiographic
      monitoring.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3409908
TI  - Circadian investigation of interval therapy with isosorbide dinitrate in coronary
      heart disease.
AB  - One of the most promising concepts in nitrate therapy is interval therapy, a
      dosage scheme with marked changes of nitrate concentrations in the 24-h interval.
      In a single-blind, placebo-controlled study in patients with coronary heart
      disease we investigated the circadian anti-ischaemia and haemodynamic response to
      interval therapy with isosorbide dinitrate (120 mg sustained release 1 X 1). 10
      male patients (46-75 years, mean 60 years) with chronic stable angina and ST
      segment depression during exercise entered the trial. At the end of a 10-day
      placebo period (medication at 8 am) three exercise tests were performed (10 am, 2
      pm, 6 pm), recording ST-segment changes, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCP)
      and cardiac index (CI). Spontaneous ischaemic events were detected by Holter
      monitoring until 8 am the next day. After three weeks of therapy with isosorbide
      dinitrate, the protocol was repeated (statistics: paired t-test, *P less than
      0.05). PCP was reduced by 8.3 mmHg* at 10 am, 8.0 mmHg at 2 pm, 2.9 mmHg (NS) at
      6 pm with a concomitant increase of cardiac index (+0.8,* +0.7*, +0.3 NS l min-1
      m-2). While the haemodynamic improvement was maximal in the morning the anti
      ischaemia effect (reduction of ST-depression) was constant during the active day
      (-0.40*, -0.50*, -0.43* mm). Four transient ischaemia episdodes at night were
      recorded under placebo, none under isosorbide dinitrate. In conclusion, all
      parameters studied demonstrate the effectiveness of chronic interval therapy with
      isosorbide dinitrate.

PMID- 3409909
TI  - The insufficient nitrate response: patients' characterization and response to
      beta and calcium blockade.
AB  - Little information has been published regarding the nitrate-induced changes of
      left ventricular volumes at rest and during exercise in relation to the degree of
      the anti-ischaemic response. Therefore we assessed the electrocardiographically
      defined nitrate response to a single tablet of 80 mg isosorbide dinitrate s.r.
      and compared it to the changes in end-diastolic volumes at rest and during
      exercise, as determined by radionuclide ventriculography. Thirty-four of the 63
      patients were classified as good nitrate responders, whereas 29 patients showed
      insufficient nitrate response with regard to the reduction of exercise-induced ST
      segment depression. The baseline characteristics were quite comparable. At rest
      the ISDN-induced decrease of the end-diastolic count rate was significantly less
      (-17%) in patients with insufficient ST-segment response when compared to
      patients with good ST-segment response (-25%). During exercise, in patients with
      good ST-segment response, ISDN reduced the end-diastolic volume significantly (
      19%), whereas in patients with insufficient ST-segment response the end-diastolic
      volume remained unchanged. In this special subset of patients with insufficient
      nitrate response we further evaluated the effects of additional beta or/and
      calcium blockade. The benefits from verapamil were equivalent to propranolol.
      However, a considerable part of the patients investigated needed the combination
      of verapamil and propranolol for an optimal anti-ischaemic drug treatment. Thus,
      our data support the concept that preload reduction plays a major role for the
      anti-ischaemic effects of ISDN in patients with exercise-dependent ischaemia.
      Since, a suboptimal therapeutic effect must be considered, objective control of
      the nitrate therapy (usually by exercise- and Holter-ECG) must be regarded as
      obligatory for each individual patient if optimal results are to be expected.

PMID- 3409910
TI  - Effects of multiple ischaemic events on human myocardium--an ultrastructural
      study.
AB  - Chronically ischaemic myocardium from patients with coronary heart disease was
      investigated by light and electron microscopy using tissue biopsies taken during
      cardiac surgery. Light microscopy showed a significantly increased amount of
      fibrotic material, cell size was variable. By electron microscopy, the most
      obvious alterations were abnormalities of nuclei, mitochondria, and a reduction
      of contractile material. This was confirmed by ultrastructural morphometry. The
      subendocardium was more severely altered than the subepicardium. It is concluded
      that repeated episodes of reversible ischaemic injury produce cellular
      degeneration and significant loss of myofibrils. Even though these patients do
      not exhibit gross histologic evidence of myocardial infarction, the cardiac
      tissues slowly deteriorates with loss of myocytes and an increased amount of
      fibrosis. These findings are interpreted as the morphologic correlate of
      functional disturbances, especially of hypokinesia of the affected area.

PMID- 3409911
TI  - Coronary constriction in acute myocardial infarction: role of nitrates.
AB  - We have investigated the coronary vasodilator responses to nitrates in the early
      stages of acute myocardial infarction before, during and after the administration
      of thrombolytic therapy. Before thrombolysis, intracoronary doses (2-4 mg) of
      isosorbide dinitrate failed to induce recanalisation of the totally occluded
      infarct related artery. Episodes of coronary reopening and reocclusion associated
      with ST-segment resolution and re-elevation were frequently observed both
      spontaneously before and during thrombolytic therapy. In 50-86% of patients,
      intracoronary isosorbide dinitrate promptly re-established full coronary patency
      immediately after acute reocclusion or whenever coronary occlusion was
      incomplete, both before and during thrombolysis. After thrombolysis further
      intracoronary isosorbide dinitrate dilated the infarct related stenoses but not
      uninvolved adjacent normal coronary branches. Coronary thrombosis and
      constriction frequently interact during the early phases of acute myocardial
      infarction. The combination of high local concentrations of nitrates with
      thrombolytic agents promotes stable coronary recanalization and may be beneficial
      in patients with acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3409912
TI  - Cooling down unstable angina with high dosage of isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN)
      continuously infused.
AB  - The aim of this study was to explore the capability of isosorbide dinitrate
      (ISDN) infusion to quench the 'hot phase' of unstable angina, a real
      cardiological emergency. Fifteen patients consecutively admitted to CCU because
      of angina at rest, with at least 4 ischaemic attacks per day, resistant to the
      usual therapy with oral and/or topical nitrates and calcium-antagonists, were
      included in the study. During ischaemia the electrocardiogram showed ST-segment
      elevation in 7 patients, ST-segment depression in 4, an alternation of ST-segment
      elevation and depression in 3 and pseudonormalization of a basally negative T
      wave in 1 patient. History of exertional angina with variable degrees of effort
      was reported in 6 patients and 9 had an old myocardial infarction. Coronary
      arteriography performed in 10 patients showed a significant stenosis of 1, 2 and
      3 vessels in 5, 2 and 3 patients, respectively. ISDN infusion was started at 1.0
      mg h-1, and was increased stepwise when persistence of ischaemic episodes had to
      be faced. The mean dosage infused was 3.5 mg h-1 (range 1.00-12). The mean
      duration of intravenous therapy was 8.3 days (range 2-25). Eleven of the 15
      patients (73%) showed an effective decrease in the number of ischaemic episodes
      during ISDN infusion, as assessed by regression and variance analysis. After
      discharge (mean follow-up 59 months, range 2-96), 7 patients were free from
      ischaemic attacks, 3 underwent coronary by-pass surgery, 2 complained of some
      attacks and 3 died (2 because of sudden death three years after this study). In
      conclusion, ISDN infusion--individually tailored for dosage and duration--can be
      effective in 'cooling down' the storm of ischaemic episodes in unstable angina.
      An effective intravenous therapy with nitrates can represent, in some patients, a
      temporal remedy on the way to elective coronary bypass surgery and/or towards
      elective PTCA. Furthermore, in a sizeable number of patients with unstable
      angina, this approach can attain a complete abolishment of the ischaemic attacks.

PMID- 3409913
TI  - Dose-dependent relaxation of human venous vessel strips with regard to chronic
      nitrate pretreatment.
AB  - Helical segments of human saphenous veins harvested at coronary bypass surgery
      were mounted in an organ-bath (Krebs-Henseleit buffer, pH 7.4; 37 degrees C; 95%
      O2/5% CO2 insufflation). After equilibration (60 min) and determination of basal
      tone the segments were depolarized and contracted by 24 mM potassium chloride.
      Then relaxation under isometric conditions was induced by cumulative
      concentrations of isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) in a range of 10(-9) M to 10(-5) M.
      In vein segments from patients not pretreated with nitrates a concentration
      response curve could be shown ranging from 8.4 +/- 4.5% to 71.9 +/- 8.6% (mean +/
      SD). The relaxation pattern was not influenced by a 2-week pretreatment of
      patients with ISDN 20 mg twice daily or 40 mg four times daily even if the latter
      therapy was continued until 1 hour prior to surgery. Immersion of vessel strips
      in Krebs-Henseleit buffer containing 10(-6) M ISDN for 60 min prior to relaxation
      did not affect relaxation either. However, immersion of vessel segments in buffer
      medium containing 4.4 X 10(-4) M ISDN for 60 min led to a shift of the
      concentration-response curve by the factor 100 (EC50). Thus, chronic nitrate
      pretreatment of patients including high doses did not influence relaxation
      behaviour of isolated vessel segments. Induction of tolerance under in vitro
      conditions required concentrations exceeding the therapeutic limits. The most
      probable underlying mechanism is exhaustion of sulfhydril containing groups at
      the site of the smooth muscle cells. This hypothesis was supported by the finding
      that addition of cysteine into the organ-bath could widely reverse
      tolerance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3409915
TI  - The effects of an intravenous infusion of isosorbide dinitrate during open heart
      surgery.
AB  - Recent awareness of right ventricular dysfunction during open heart surgery has
      focused attention upon the importance of protection of the right ventricle and
      control of right ventricular afterload for the maintenance of the cardiac output.
      Conventional doses of systemic vasodilators, when used to reduce pulmonary
      vascular resistance, may produce systemic hypotension, reduce coronary arterial
      perfusion and even lower the cardiac output. A study of the effects of bolus
      intravenous isosorbide dinitrate during open heart surgery showed that following
      cardiopulmonary bypass intravenous isosorbide dinitrate produced highly
      significant falls in pulmonary artery pressure and induced active pulmonary
      vasodilatation without systemic side-effects or reduced atrial filling
      procedures. Treatment with intravenous isosorbide dinitrate by low-dose infusion
      during and after open heart surgery significantly lowered mean pulmonary artery
      pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance (P less than 0.001) in patients
      receiving no sympathomimetic drug support. The results suggest that possibly the
      effect of low-dose isosorbide dinitrate following cardiopulmonary by-pass is
      exerted predominantly on the right ventricular afterload if systemic arterial
      pressure is not elevated. This may have applications in the management of
      pulmonary hypertension and of acute right heart failure following cardiac
      surgery.

PMID- 3409914
TI  - Haemodynamic effects of intravenous isosorbide-5-mononitrate in acute and chronic
      left heart failure of ischaemic aetiology.
AB  - Isosorbide-5-mononitrate was administered in a continuous intravenous infusion,
      according to the haemodynamic response, to 19 patients with left heart failure of
      ischaemic aetiology; 12 with acute heart failure complicating an acute myocardial
      infarction and 7 with chronic ischaemic failure. In both groups, the following
      statistically significant haemodynamic changes were observed: a decrease in PCWP
      from 25.4 +/- 4.6 to 17.2 +/- 4.6 mmHg; an increase in SWI from 19.1 +/- 10 to
      23.6 +/- 13.1 gm m-2; a slight increase in cardiac index with no change in
      arterial pressure and only minimal decrease in vascular resistance. There were
      two major differences in the haemodynamic response between the patients with
      acute heart failure and those with chronic disease: (a) the duration of the
      effect of isosorbide-5-mononitrate on the PCWP was longer in the first group
      (mean, 8 hours, compared to 1.5 hours in the chronic group), and (b) the effect
      on afterload was more pronounced in the group with chronic ischaemic failure than
      in the first group. Thus, isosorbide-5-mononitrate administered by intravenous
      infusion under careful monitoring appears to have a beneficial role in the
      treatment of acute as well as chronic ischaemic heart failure.

PMID- 3409916
TI  - Long-term reduction of pulmonary hypertension in interstitial lung fibrosis by
      isosorbide dinitrate.
AB  - The effect of isosorbide dinitrate (ID) on the development of pulmonary
      hypertension (PH) has been examined in 18 patients with idiopathic diffuse
      interstitial lung fibrosis (IDILF) during two years of treatment. All patients
      responded favourably to acutely administered ID by a decrease in pulmonary
      vascular resistance (PVR) by 38 +/- 13% and of the pulmonary arterial pressure
      (PAP) by 35 +/- 11%. Two years ID therapy led to sustained haemodynamic
      improvement in patients in whom blood gases were stable PAP was reduced from 38
      +/- 5 to 30 +/- 6 mmHg and PVR from 483 +/- 197 to 364 +/- 175 dyne s cm-5. No
      haemodynamic changes were noted in the subjects with progressive hypoxaemia
      whereas steady deterioration of central haemodynamics was recorded in those
      patients who died during the follow-up. It is concluded that some patients with
      IDILF and PH may benefit from long-term ID treatment, but that the outcome of
      this treatment cannot be reliably predicted from the results of the initial first
      ID administration.

PMID- 3409917
TI  - Control of the anti-thrombogenic endothelial cell defense by short- and long-term
      exposure of cultured endothelial cells to isosorbide nitrates.
AB  - Anti-thrombogenic endothelial cell defense (ATECD) refers to the overall
      properties that enable the endothelium to prevent circulating blood platelets
      adhering to, or aggregating on the vascular wall. The basic characteristics of
      ATECD have been further investigated in cultured arterial endothelial cells (EC).
      Freshly obtained endothelium cells (ECs) and confluent, quiescent Passage 0 ECs,
      similarly expressed ATECD, whereas subconfluent dividing ECs and senescent ECs
      both elicited a markedly lowered ATECD. When ECs were successively exposed to
      fresh platelets, ATECD was progressively exhausted until a plateau (50% of
      control ATECD) was reached after the third exposure of ECs to platelets.
      Similarly, platelet response to the aggregating agent was markedly lowered after
      the first exposure of ECs to platelets, whereas such an inhibition of platelet
      activity by ECs was much less pronounced in subsequent exposure of ECs to fresh
      platelets. Under acute pharmacological circumstances, isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN)
      antiplatelet activities were found to be profoundly magnified by ECs, thus
      revealing an EC-mediated antiplatelet activity for ISDN, but not for its
      mononitrate metabolites, 2-ISMN and 5-ISMN. Long-term exposure of ECs to
      isosorbide nitrates (ISNs) revealed that ISDN, as well as 2-ISMN elicited an
      ATECD-stimulation priming effect on ECs, although in the presence of 5-ISMN (a
      poor antiplatelet agent) the ISN overall effect upon ATECD was less than 50% of
      what would have been expected by cumulating individual ISN effects. It is
      concluded that ATECD provides a highly differentiated function for ECs; the ATECD
      mechanisms involve antiaggregating factors that may be trapped by platelets; and,
      finally, ATECD may be stimulated by ISDN both under acute and under chronic
      pharmacological circumstances.

PMID- 3409918
TI  - Effects of nifedipine and nitrates on coronary vasomotion.
AB  - The diameter changes of angiographically normal coronary arteries following
      vasodilator drugs were studied in 41 patients. In group 1 (22 patients)
      angiograms and plasma levels were obtained before as well as 10, 20 and 30
      minutes after 20 mg nifedipine s.l. (15 patients) or placebo (7 patients). A
      cluster analysis allowed a classification of patients into group A (N = 4) and B
      (N = 11) according to the slope of plasma level increase. Plasma levels A versus
      B were 27.8 +/- 9.8/13.5 +/- 4.5 ng ml-1; P less than 0.05; 54.0 +/- 11.7/21.7 +/
      6.6 ng ml-1; P less than 0.001; 79.1 +/- 9.3/28 +/- 9.8 ng ml-1; P less than
      0.001. Corresponding diameter changes A versus B were: 7.3 +/- 5.1%/-5.6 +/-
      9.0%; P less than 0.01; 11.4 +/- 4.1%/-4.5 +/- 11.3%; P less than 0.01; 14.5 +/-
      5.9%/0.5 +/- 13.6%; P less than 0.05. In group 2 (N = 19) angiograms were
      obtained before as well as 2, 4, 7 and 15 minutes after administration of 10 mg
      isosorbide dinitrate (N = 9) or placebo (N = 10). Coronary dilation ISDN versus
      placebo was: 2.4 +/- 3.6%/0.9 +/- 4.0%; NS; 10.6 +/- 5.1%/3.1 +/- 3.8%; P less
      than 0.001; 12.3 +/- 5.9%/-0.3 +/- 6.4%; P less than 0.005; 10.5 +/- 6.5%/-4.0 +/
      7.7%; P less than 0.005. These data indicate that the interindividual variations
      of changes in coronary lumen size are due to different slopes of plasma level
      increase, most likely due to different rates of drug absorption after sublingual
      administration of nifedipine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3409919
TI  - European Nuclear Medicine Congress. August 29, 1988-September 2, 1988, Milan,
      Italy. Abstracts.

PMID- 3409920
TI  - Preterm or small-for-gestational-age infants. Neurological and behavioural
      development at the age of 6 years.
AB  - In 166 full term, small-for-gestational-age (FT-SGA), 53 preterm, appropriate-for
      gestational-age (PT-AGA), 27 PT-SGA and 206 FT-AGA infants a neurological
      examination at the age of 6 years was carried out. Data were collected on
      behaviour and school achievement. Major and minor neurological abnormalities were
      more frequent in the three low birth weight groups, especially in the PT-SGA
      group. Multivariate analysis showed that the development of major and minor
      neurological abnormalities was explained by a varying set of risk factors, in
      which besides prematurity and growth retardation, neonatal neurological
      condition, social class, neonatal course and interval complications were
      preponderant. The results suggest a temporal difference in potentially harmful
      factors: for neurological handicap early in pregnancy, for minor neurological
      dysfunction (MND) the second half of gestation and the first 2 years of life. No
      striking behavioural differences were found between the three low birth weight
      groups and the FT-AGA group; behaviour was related to neonatal and follow-up
      neurological condition, sex, gestational age and birth weight to a limited extent
      only. Three (4%) of the preterms entered a special school (already at the age of
      6). School achievement was mainly related to the present neurological condition
      and social class, which underlines the importance of the latter.

PMID- 3409921
TI  - Prenatal and postnatal factors affecting short-term survival of very low birth
      weight infants. Italian Collaborative Group on Preterm Delivery.
AB  - Factors affecting the survival of 175 preterm infants born with body weight less
      than 1500 g were examined. The still-birth and perinatal mortality rates were 143
      and 446 per 1000 births respectively; neonatal death rate was 447 per 1000 live
      births. Survival improved progressively with increasing gestational age, and
      survival was better for infants born after 27 weeks of gestation. Neither
      maternal nor labour and delivery variables significantly affected survival. Male
      infants had half the survival rate of females. Birth asphyxia, hypercapnia and
      respiratory distress syndrome were the most common forms of morbidity, occurring
      in greater than 20% of the population. Infants with such pathology had
      significantly lower survival rates.

PMID- 3409922
TI  - The second nation-wide survey in Japan of vitamin K deficiency in infancy.
AB  - Throughout Japan a total of 543 cases of vitamin K deficiency occurring in
      infants over 2 weeks of age were reported from January 1981 to June 1985. Of
      these cases, 427 showed no obvious reasons for vitamin K deficiency; this sort of
      case is known as "idiopathic vitamin K deficiency in infancy". Another 57 cases
      had bleeding episodes due to vitamin K deficiency associated with obvious
      hepatobiliary lesions, chronic diarrhoea, long-term antibiotic therapy, etc; this
      sort is called "secondary vitamin K deficiency in infancy". The third group,
      consisting of 59 cases, was made up of the so-called "near miss" type, in which a
      haemorrhagic tendency, without any obvious clinical haemorrhage, was discovered
      by Normotest, at the time of mass screening in most cases. In the idiopathic
      group, 269 cases (63.0%) developed bleeding episodes between the 1st and 2nd
      months of age, and 387 cases (90.0%) were entirely breast-fed. Intracranial
      haemorrhage was observed in 353 cases (82.7%) of this group. Moreover, slight
      elevation of serum transaminase and direct type bilirubin levels were observed in
      the idiopathic group. Liver dysfunction of unknown origin may play some role in
      the onset of vitamin K deficiency in infancy.

PMID- 3409923
TI  - Low biotinidase activity in plasma of some preterm infants: possible source of
      false-positive screening results.
AB  - Screening for biotinidase deficiency has been added recently to some national
      screening programmes. To clarify the problem of false-positive screening tests in
      premature infants, we have studied biotinidase activities in the plasma of this
      population in more detail. In 64 newborns (premature and term babies) biotinidase
      activities correlated positively with gestational age from the 2nd to the 30th
      day of life. During the 1st-3rd day the activities were below the normal adult
      range in all 64 infants. In 56 infants the activities subsequently increased
      gradually and reached the normal adult range during the 4th-40th day of life. In
      contrast, the biotinidase activities in eight preterm infants dropped during the
      3rd-7th day of life. Impaired liver function as a possible cause for this finding
      could be ruled out in these infants. The lowest activities in these infants were
      measured during the 4th-6th day of life, i.e. unfortunately at a time when
      samples for the screening are normally taken. According to our data, 4-8 out of
      48 preterm or small-for-date infants with biotinidase activities ranging from
      4.7%-26% of the mean adult value would have given false-positive screening tests.
      A positive screening test was also obtained in a newborn and in an older
      unrelated child with a partial biotinidase deficiency. In these children the
      biotinidase activity did not rise but remained slightly below or at the lower
      range for heterozygotes (at 31% and 38% of the mean adult value). Currently we do
      not know whether such individuals are heterozygotes, or whether they have a
      variant of biotinidase deficiency. However, these children have developed
      normally without biotin therapy.

PMID- 3409924
TI  - Effects of prolonged versus acute indomethacin therapy in very low birth-weight
      infants with patent ductus arteriosus.
AB  - Indomethacin has proven effective in closing the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
      in most low birth weight (LBW) neonates with this disorder. Early reopening of
      the ductus is a problem and often leads to the need for surgery. Prolonged use of
      indomethacin for several days has been suggested as a means to alleviate this
      problem. The present study was designed to determine if prolonged therapy over 5
      days is more effective than a two-dose regimen in preventing reopening of the
      PDA. Seventy neonates were randomized for either prolonged therapy over 1 week or
      to receive two doses of indomethacin. All infants were given two doses of
      indomethacin 0.15 mg per kg, 12h apart. The maintenance group received an
      additional 0.1 mg per kg daily for 5 days. Ten days after the infants' initial
      dose of indomethacin, 6 of 22 in the nonmaintenance group as compared to 0 of 22
      in the maintenance group had reopening of their ductus arteriosus. Ten infants in
      the maintenance group eventually had the ductus reopen at a median of 29, range
      11-66 days compared to a median of 3, range 2-44 days in the nonmaintenance
      group. Significantly fewer babies in the maintenance group had a grade II-IV
      intraventricular hemorrhage compared to the nonmaintenance group. There was no
      other significant difference in the two groups in the incidence of necrotizing
      enterocolitis, retrolental fibroplasia or death. Indomethacin given over 5 days
      is effective for closure of the ductus arteriosus and will prevent reopening
      until after the acute clinical course in babies under 1500 g; however, the
      overall incidence of reopening was not different.

PMID- 3409925
TI  - Glucocorticoid receptors in mononuclear blood cells and their correlation to
      endogenous and exogenous corticoids in healthy and asthmatic children.
AB  - The number and affinity of glucocorticoid binding sites in peripheral mononuclear
      cells (MNC) of asthmatic and healthy children were determined by a whole cell
      (3H)dexamethasone binding assay at 37 degrees C. Using HPLC determination,
      corresponding serum levels of non-protein-bound (free) cortisol, whole cortisol
      and cortisone as well as urine excretion of free cortisone and cortisol were
      assessed. The average number of binding sites (BS) per cell and the dissociation
      constant (KD) respectively, in atopic asthmatics (7768 +/- 666 BS/MNC resp. KD =
      17.2 +/- 2 nM) did not differ from the values measured in our control group (8333
      +/- 691 BS/MNC resp. 25.4 +/- 4.8 nM). Within the age range 1 month-15.8 years
      neither age-dependent changes nor sex-related differences in the number of
      binding sites or the KD values could be detected. Active or currently inactive
      asthmatics, and patients under different antiasthmatic drug regimes, had similar
      binding sites on MNC. No differences in serum levels of cortisol, cortisone and
      free cortisol or in free cortisol and free cortisone of 24-h urine samples were
      found between healthy children and asthmatics. After a short course of
      prednisolone therapy for an acute severe asthmatic attack the number of
      glucocorticoid binding sites in peripheral MNC decreased to an average of 4632 +/
      421 BS/MNC, whereas the dissociation constant did not change significantly (14.5
      +/- 3.6 nM). The corticoid-hormone pattern in the serum, 24-h urine excretion,
      and the normal number and affinity of glucocorticoid receptors on peripheral MNC
      suggest that there is no primary, general impairment of glucocorticoid metabolism
      in asthmatic children.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3409926
TI  - The EEG in early diagnosis of the Angelman (happy puppet) syndrome.
AB  - An EEG study has been carried out on 19 children (including siblings in 3
      families) with clinical features of Angelman syndrome. The age at time of the
      first EEG ranged from 11 months to 11 years with the majority under 5 years. Six
      children had no history of seizures at the time of the first EEG. One or more of
      the following EEG abnormalities were seen in all patients: 1. Persistent rhythmic
      4-6/s activities reaching more than 200 microV not associated with drowsiness. 2.
      Prolonged runs of rhythmic 2-3/s activity (200-500 microV) often more prominent
      anteriorly, sometimes associated with discharges (ill-defined spike/wave
      complexes). 3. Spikes mixed with 3-4/s components usually more than 200 microV
      mainly posteriorly and facilitated by, or only seen with, eye closure. Two and
      sometimes three of these EEG features could be present in the same record
      particularly at a young age. The appearance of discharges mixed with slow
      components on eye closure was the commonest finding seen at some stage in 17
      patients (aged from 11 months to over 12 years). The EEG features of Angelman
      syndrome appear to be sufficiently characteristic to help identify patients at an
      early age before the clinical features become obvious and at a time when genetic
      counselling may be particularly important.

PMID- 3409927
TI  - C7 deficiency and persistent haematuria.
AB  - A 14-year-old boy had persistent haematuria along with complete C7 deficiency. No
      significant changes in glomeruli and tubules were found in a renal biopsy
      specimen by light microscopy and immunofluorescence gave negative results for
      immune deposits. Electron microscopic examination demonstrated an attenuation of
      the glomerular capillary basement membrane without lamination and a diagnosis of
      thin basement membrane disease was made. It would be difficult to conclude that
      patients with C7 deficiency were predisposed to develop glomerulonephritis caused
      by immunologic aberrations. A family study failed to provide evidence of an
      association of C7 deficiency and thin basement membrane disease.

PMID- 3409928
TI  - Neonatal brucellosis.
AB  - Three Arab children with neonatal brucellosis are described. The first presented
      with late neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia, the second with a septicoemia-like
      picture and the third was born prematurely and presented with respiratory
      distress. The diagnosis of brucellosis was based on a positive blood culture and
      on a high or rising titre of antibodies to the Brucella organism. All the three
      neonates responded well to antibiotic therapy as monitored by a Brucella titre of
      less than 1:40 and a negative blood culture 10 weeks after the onset of therapy.
      The three mothers had Brucella infections during pregnancy and the Brucella
      agglutination titre of the breast milk was high. No Brucella microorganism was
      isolated from the breast milk. The mode of transmission of brucellosis in
      neonates is discussed.

PMID- 3409929
TI  - 4-Hydroxybutyric aciduria in a patient without ataxia or convulsions.
AB  - A child presenting with mild psychomotor retardation, hypotonia, microcephaly and
      hyperkinesis is described. Urinary organic acid analysis by combined gas
      chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed 4-hydroxybutyric aciduria. Succinic
      semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity in extracts of white cells derived from the
      patient was less than 10% of control values.

PMID- 3409930
TI  - Male pseudohermaphroditism due to 5 alpha-reductase deficiency in a Swedish
      family.
AB  - Three sibs with an inherited form of male pseudohermaphroditism are described.
      They were all born with ambiguous external genitalia but no diagnosis of a
      possible enzyme defect was made during childhood. First seen at the ages of 16,
      14 and 10 years respectively, they were investigated in order to establish the
      pathogenetic nature of the disorder. Serum concentrations of testosterone and
      dihydrotestosterone before and after stimulation with human chorionic
      gonadotropin suggested 5 alpha-reductase deficiency. Measurement of steroid
      metabolites in urine confirmed this diagnosis. It is essential to recognize this
      condition in order to decide the sex of rearing of the children.

PMID- 3409932
TI  - Serpentine fibula--polycystic kidney syndrome. A variant of the Melnick-Needles
      syndrome or a distinct entity?
AB  - A 5-year-old girl is reported with small stature, unusual facial appearance,
      polycystic kidneys and elongated curved fibulae as the most impressive
      radiographic finding. From the close similarity with another girl described
      recently and discrepancies between these two patients and others with Melnick
      Needles syndrome it is assumed that they may present a separate hitherto
      unreported entity or syndrome.

PMID- 3409933
TI  - Osteoglophonic dysplasia: a new case.
AB  - A new case of osteoglophonic dysplasia is described in a Portuguese boy. The
      clinical and radiographic features are similar to the five previously described
      cases. The boy died suddenly at 10 months of age.

PMID- 3409931
TI  - Martsolf syndrome in a brother and sister: clinical features and pattern of
      inheritance.
AB  - A brother and sister with Martsolf syndrome are reported. The main
      characteristics of the syndrome are mental retardation, short stature, cataracts,
      hypogonadism and craniofacial anomalies including microcephaly, maxillary
      retrusion, pouting mouth, malaligned teeth and mildly dysplastic pinnae. The
      metacarpal and phalangeal bones are short. The occurrence of Martsolf syndrome in
      sibs of opposite sex suggests autosomal recessive inheritance.

PMID- 3409934
TI  - Multiple pterygium syndrome type Escobar in two brothers. Follow-up data from
      childhood to adulthood.
AB  - We present two brothers with Multiple Pterygium Syndrome type Escobar.
      Characteristic findings in this autosomal recessively inherited pterygium
      syndrome are, in addition to multiple pterygia, short stature, cleft palate,
      vertebral fusion defects and minor facial anomalies. The adult height in the two
      male siblings was below the third centile. Secondary sexual development and
      testicular size were normal, in contrast with the cryptorchidism and pubertal
      delay documented in most young patients.

PMID- 3409935
TI  - Ventricular septal defect with overriding aorta in trisomy-18.
AB  - In a child with trisomy-18 prenatal echocardiography demonstrated the presence of
      a ventricular septal defect with overriding aorta. In a previous anatomical study
      of 18 hearts with this malformation we found a 50% concurrence rate with trisomy
      18. In case of prenatal echocardiographic detection of a ventricular septal
      defect with overriding aorta, we advise thorough ultrasound examination for
      additional malformations as seen in trisomy-18; subsequently this procedure
      should be completed by cytogenetic analysis of amniotic cells.

PMID- 3409937
TI  - European Society for Surgical Research, 23rd congress. Bologna, May 2-5, 1988.
      Abstracts.

PMID- 3409936
TI  - Primary or secondary cardiomyopathies?

PMID- 3409938
TI  - Detection of malignant pleural effusions by tumor marker evaluation.
AB  - Cytologic examination and determination of tumor markers (PHI, LDH, alpha-1
      glycoprotein, alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein, beta 2-microglobulin, ferritin
      [corrected], sialic acid, IgE, fetoprotein, CEA, beta HCG and beta 1-SP
      glycoprotein) were carried out in pleural fluid samples obtained from 70 patients
      with suspected neoplasia. Tumor markers were also determined in sera. The protein
      content of all pleural effusions was greater than or equal to 3 g/dl. Patients
      were grouped according to diagnosis as follows: (a) 42 with neoplastic diseases
      (7 mesotheliomas and 19 lung, 4 ovarian, 3 breast and 8 miscellaneous cancers),
      (b) 22 with benign inflammations and (c) 6 with congestive effusions. Of the
      parameters examined, only CEA and beta-HCG [corrected] gave information that the
      effusion was probably malignant. Using 6 ng/ml as cut-off for CEA and 10 mIU/ml
      for beta HCG, the sensitivity was 57.1% and 45.2%, respectively, specificity was
      92.8% for both parameters and test efficiency 0.75 and 0.69, respectively. When
      CEA and beta HCG were considered together sensitivity increased to 73.8% and
      efficiency to 0.78. CEA and/or beta HCG were positive in the pleural effusions of
      19 of the 20 malignant pleural effusions, all with a negative cytologic
      examination, which subsequently became positive in 8. Because of their high
      specificity, these two parameters are a useful tool and can be routinely measured
      to evaluate pleural effusions of dubious origin, even if CEA and beta HCG cannot,
      on [corrected] their own, define the primary malignancy.

PMID- 3409939
TI  - Hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) chemotherapy proves to be advantageous in the
      treatment of experimental liver tumors.
AB  - To evaluate the best locoregional approach in the treatment of hepatic tumors we
      investigated four different treatment modalities. Sixty female Sprague-Dawley
      rats were randomized to the following treatment groups: (1) untreated control;
      (2) hepatic artery ligation; (3) hepatic artery ligation plus portal 5-FU
      chemotherapy; (4) arterial 5-FU chemotherapy; (5) portal 5-FU chemotherapy. All
      animals received Novikoff hepatoma cells inoculated in the median liver lobe.
      After tumor inoculation animals were treated according to their randomization and
      surgery was performed for repeated tumor size measurements. Through hepatic
      artery ligation, hepatic artery ligation plus portal 5-FU infusion as well as
      through arterial 5-FU infusion a significant tumor growth inhibition compared to
      the untreated control could be achieved. The portal infusion group even showed an
      accelerated tumor growth; however, this effect was not significant. We conclude
      that the intraarterial application in terms of clinical feasibility and duration
      of response should be the preferred approach in locoregional therapy of liver
      malignancies.

PMID- 3409941
TI  - Repeated fine needle aspirations in the diagnosis of soft tissue metastases in
      breast cancer.
AB  - In 36 patients, treated for breast cancer and with a suspected metastasis in the
      subcutis, the diagnostic efficacy of repeated fine needle aspiration (FNA) has
      been evaluated in 39 tumours. By increasing FNA from one to three, the diagnostic
      sensitivity was increased from 0.59 (95% C.L. 0.33-0.82) to 0.83 (95% C.L. 0.52
      0.98). Diagnostic specificity for one aspiration was 0.95 (0.77-1.00), and for
      two and three aspirates it was 0.96 (0.80-1.00) if suspicious aspirates were
      considered as positive, and 1.00 for one, two and three aspirations when only
      aspirates with tumour cells were considered positive. Statistically, three
      aspirates were significantly better than one in establishing the diagnosis of a
      soft tissue tumour in patients with breast cancer.

PMID- 3409940
TI  - In vitro evaluation of an estradiol-linked nitrosourea in mammary carcinomas of
      mouse, rat and man.
AB  - In vitro activity of 1-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosocarbamoyl-L-alanine-estradiol-17
      ester (CNC-ala-17-E2) at three concentrations in transplanted MXT mammary
      carcinoma in B6D2F1 mice and autochthonous methylnitrosourea (MNU)-induced
      mammary carcinoma in Sprague-Dawley rats, as well as in 30 human primary breast
      carcinomas using the bilayer soft agar assay is described. Eighty-five per cent
      of MXT tumors showed a more than 70% inhibition of colony formation following CNC
      ala-17-E2. In the MNU-induced model this high degree of inhibition was not
      observed: only 5% of individual tumors showed an inhibition up to 70%, but a
      superiority of the hormone-linked agent over the unlinked single agents was
      nevertheless discernible. In contrast, in human breast carcinomas a response at
      this sensitivity level could not be assessed. Thus, in the MXT mammary carcinoma
      the in vitro results paralleled previous findings in vivo, whereas in the MNU
      induced autochthonous tumor model this close in vivo-in vitro correlation was not
      observed. The discrepancy between in vivo and in vitro results found in the
      autochthonous rat model indicates that hormone-linked nitrosoureas should not
      necessarily be abandoned for the treatment of human breast carcinoma on the basis
      of negative in vitro results alone.

PMID- 3409942
TI  - Etoposide for epidemic Kaposi's sarcoma: a phase II study.
AB  - Fourteen untreated patients with epidemic Kaposi's sarcoma stages III and IV were
      treated with etoposide 150 mg/m2 on 3 consecutive days every 4 weeks. No
      responses were observed. Myelosuppression was severe with white blood count WHO
      grade 3-4 in nine patients and with platelets WHO grade 3-4 in one patient. Three
      patients developed opportunistic infections during therapy. It is concluded that
      etoposide is inactive in epidemic Kaposi's sarcoma.

PMID- 3409944
TI  - Possible therapeutic use of modified anaerobic bacteria in cancer.

PMID- 3409943
TI  - Plasma prostaglandins in lung cancer.
AB  - Plasma levels of three stable prostaglandin (PG) metabolites were measured in 29
      patients with lung cancer. The mean level of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, the hydrolysis
      product of prostacyclin, was significantly elevated in cancer patients compared
      to a control group with non-malignant respiratory disorders, although an overlap
      in values between the groups was seen. Levels correlated inversely with survival
      and showed a significant fall in 14 patients with tumour regression. The mean
      level of 11-deoxy-3,14-dihydro-15-keto-11,16-cyclo-prostaglandin E2 was also
      significantly elevated in cancer patients, but did not correlate with tumour
      response. 13,14-Dihydro-15-keto prostaglandin F2 alpha levels did not differ in
      lung cancer patients and controls. Contrary to previous reports we could not
      support a role for the metabolites of PGE2 and PGF2 alpha as tumour markers in
      lung cancer but plasma 6-keto-PGF1 alpha should be further evaluated in this
      regard.

PMID- 3409945
TI  - Ifosfamide: an old drug recently rediscovered.

PMID- 3409946
TI  - Prognostic influence of ploidy level and histopathologic differentiation in
      cervical carcinoma stage Ib.
AB  - Flow-cytometric DNA analysis and extended histopathologic grading were performed
      in specimens from 126 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix
      stage Ib. Archival material was used for the measurements and the ploidy level
      was analysed according to the method described by Hedley with some modifications.
      The histopathologic grading was based on eight well-defined parameters all scored
      1-3. The results showed that the ploidy level held significant prognostic
      information about the 10 year survival according to a division of DNA indices
      above and below 1.5. Further prognostic information appeared from a combination
      of DNA index and histopathologic score value. The combination held its prognostic
      importance in subgroups of patients with different tumour sizes. It is concluded
      that flow-cytometric analysis and histopathologic grading can identify subsets of
      patients who need more aggressive treatment.

PMID- 3409947
TI  - Effect of low-dose doxorubicin on calcium content and norepinephrine response in
      rat aorta.
AB  - Doxorubicin (DXR) is a common antineoplastic agent whose clinical utility is
      limited by development of a dose-related cardiomyopathy. Recent studies
      demonstrating DXR toxicity in skeletal muscle suggest that this compound may in
      fact be a general depressant of muscle function. Although previous studies have
      reported possible indirect actions of DXR on blood vessels, we have investigated
      the direct effects of this agent on vascular smooth muscle. Chronic, low-dose
      treatment of rats with intraperitoneal DXR (12 mg/kg total dose over 4 weeks) had
      no significant effect on body or heart weight, left ventricular water or calcium
      content, or aortic water or calcium content. Contractile responses to
      norepinephrine of thoracic aortic strips taken from DXR-treated rats were
      attenuated by this treatment, and sensitivity (EC50) of these strips to
      norepinephrine was significantly reduced compared to controls. These results
      suggest that DXR may have physiological effects on vascular smooth muscle
      function at doses which produce no signs of toxicity in cardiac muscle.

PMID- 3409948
TI  - Sensitivity of human neuroblastoma to activated dacarbazine: relationships
      between cell survival, methyltransferase activity and activation of adenovirus-5.
AB  - Early passage cultures of neuroblastoma cells were tested for (i) cellular
      sensitivity to the methylating agent 5-(3-methyl-1-triazeno)imidazole-4
      carboxamide (MTIC); (ii) ability to reactivate MTIC-damaged adenovirus (Mer+
      phenotype); and (iii) methyltransferase activity. Seven of eight lines were
      resistant to MTIC. One line had an intermediate level of cellular resistance to
      MTIC, when compared with Mer+ and Mer- control lines. Methyltransferase activity
      of the neuroblastomas was intermediate between Mer+ and Mer- control. Unlike
      other methylation-resistant cell types, the neuroblastomas showed an initial
      decline in the MTIC dose-response profile for cell survival followed by a plateau
      at higher doses. In the virus reactivation assay (HCR), the slope (D0) of the
      virus survival curve at high MTIC doses for cells from three of 10 patients was
      similar to that of Mer- controls. The D0 for the remaining seven was also much
      less than for Mer+ controls. However, due to shoulders on the survival curves,
      all of the neuroblastomas could be classified as Mer+ at low levels of MTIC
      damage. Overall, the neuroblastoma cells appeared to form a new, though
      heterogeneous, methylation-resistant group, with cell survival not paralleled by
      methyltransferase activity or virus reactivation at high methylation levels.

PMID- 3409949
TI  - Comparison of chemosensitivity of transplantable non-small cell bronchial tumours
      of rats in syngeneic hosts and in nude rodents.
AB  - Four transplantable poorly to well differentiated bronchial carcinomas,
      originally induced in the lungs of WAG/Rij and BN rats, were used to study their
      responsiveness to cytostatic drugs when growing in syngeneic hosts or in nude
      mice or rats. Growth delay was the endpoint determined. The responsiveness to
      drugs was specific for each tumour line and between tumours it was heterogeneous.
      In general, the same tumour specific pattern of response was observed regardless
      whether tumours grew in syngeneic hosts or in nude mice or nude rats. These
      results indicate that the stroma of the host does not contribute significantly to
      the response of the tumour, but that the intrinsic sensitivity of the malignant
      cells is the prevailing factor.

PMID- 3409950
TI  - Irreversible binding of [3H]beta-funaltrexamine to brain slices of morphine
      tolerant and -dependent mice.
AB  - The specific, irreversible binding of [3H]beta-funaltrexamine (beta-FNA) to mu
      opioid receptors in slices from the corpus striatum and midbrain region
      containing the ventral tegmentum area (VTA) was accomplished by incubation with
      [3H]beta-FNA followed by a washing procedure with 1 microM unlabeled naltrexone
      in the washing medium. Regional distribution studies of the specific,
      irreversible binding of [3H]beta-FNA revealed that slices of striatum and
      midbrain were richest in mu opioid receptors. Slices of cerebral cortex and
      medulla-pons had much lower amounts and the cerebellum had virtually no mu opioid
      receptors. Examination of the kinetics of the specific, irreversible binding of
      [3H]beta-FNA revealed that although the maximum binding of beta-FNA to striatal
      and midbrain slices of control and morphine tolerant/dependent mice did not
      differ, the rate at which beta-FNA associated with the receptor was increased in
      the slices from morphine tolerant/dependent animals. The increase in association
      probably occurred at the initial recognition step before alkylation takes place
      and is attributable to an increase in affinity of mu opioid receptors for beta
      FNA in both the striatal and midbrain regions of morphine tolerant/dependent
      mice. This finding supports and expands earlier conclusions that the affinity of
      mu opioid receptors for opioid antagonists is increased during the development of
      opiate tolerance and dependence in mice.

PMID- 3409951
TI  - Salutary consequences of blockade of platelet activating factor in hemorrhagic
      shock.
AB  - We studied the effects of a potent, specific platelet activating factor (PAF)
      antagonist, CV-6209, in a murine model of hemorrhagic shock. Hemorrhaged rats
      treated with CV-6209 (1 mg/kg) maintained post-reinfusion mean arterial blood
      pressure (MABP) at significantly higher values than rats receiving either 0.9%
      NaCl or a lower dose (0.2 mg/kg) of CV-6209 (final MABP 88 +/- 4 vs. 57 +/- 4,
      vs. 61 +/- 7 mm Hg, respectively). CV-6209 (1 mg/kg) also significantly
      attenuated the increase in plasma cathepsin D activity following hemorrhage
      compared with hemorrhaged rats receiving only its vehicle (i.e. 0.9% NaCl). CV
      6209 (1 mg/kg) also significantly decreased the plasma accumulation of free amino
      nitrogen compounds and the plasma activity of a myocardial depressant factor
      (MDF) compared to hemorrhaged rats receiving 0.9% NaCl. Rats receiving CV-6209 (1
      mg/kg) exhibited a significantly increased survival rate and survival time post
      reinfusion compared to rats receiving only the vehicle. These data indicate that
      PAF is an important mediator of hemorrhagic shock in the rat and that PAF
      receptor antagonists may be useful in hemorrhagic shock states.

PMID- 3409952
TI  - Methylpiperidine analog of hemicholinium-3: a selective, high affinity non
      competitive inhibitor of sodium dependent choline uptake system.
AB  - The potency of hemicholinium-3 (HC-3) and its analogs to inhibit sodium dependent
      high affinity choline uptake were evaluated in rat striatal synaptosomal
      preparation. Hemicholinium-3 inhibited sodium dependent high affinity choline
      uptake (IC50 = 18 nM) while the half molecule of HC-3, HC-15, was inactive. The
      order of potency for choline uptake inhibition of piperidine substituted HC-3
      molecule was as follows: 4-methylpiperidine (A-5 and CA-5) much greater than HC-3
      much greater than unsubstituted piperidines (CA-1 and A-1) much greater than 2-
      or 3-methylpiperidine (A-2 and A-3) and 4-hydroxypiperidine (A-7). The tertiary
      amine derivative of 4-methylpiperidine substituted HC-3 (A-4) was nearly 10-fold
      less potent than its corresponding quaternary derivative (A-5). Choline uptake
      was inhibited competitively by HC-3 and non-competitively by A-5. The inhibition
      of choline uptake by A-5 was readily reversible by washing. A-5 did not inhibit
      the uptake of dopamine and gamma-aminobutyric acid. These findings suggest that
      the N-methyl,4-methylpiperidine analog of HC-3 (A-5) is the most potent of all
      known inhibitors of sodium dependent high affinity choline uptake and that the
      inhibition of choline uptake by this compound is mediated through a mechanism
      distinct from a simple competitive one.

PMID- 3409953
TI  - Production and characterization of anti-clonidine antibodies not cross-reacting
      with catecholamines.
AB  - Polyclonal antibodies against clonidine were developed, with para-aminoclonidine
      coupled to bovine serumalbumin or hemocyanine with glutaraldehyde used as
      antigens. The selected antibody (from rabbits) cross-reacted with high
      specificity with clonidine and its structurally closely related analogues but it
      recognized neither catecholamines nor various endogenous imidazole molecules such
      as histamine, purine, adenine, and adenosine, thus appearing to be specific for
      the aminoimidazoline structure. An interesting cross-reactivity was observed with
      the bovine clonidine displacing substance, the probable endogenous ligand for
      receptors involved in the hypotensive effect of clonidine-type substances. This
      suggested that this molecule should contain an aminoimidazoline or guanidine
      moiety.

PMID- 3409954
TI  - Electrophysiological effects of methylphenidate on the coeruleo-cortical
      noradrenergic system in the rat.
AB  - The effect of methylphenidate on noradrenergic neurotransmission was investigated
      in urethane-anesthetized rats. The spontaneous activity of locus coeruleus
      noradrenergic neurons was the same in rats treated for 7 days with
      methylphenidate as in the controls. In control rats, i.v. methylphenidate induced
      a reduction of locus coeruleus neuronal firing whereas in rats treated for 7 days
      with methylphenidate, the same dose of methylphenidate failed to induce any
      change in locus coeruleus activity. At this time, clonidine induced a lesser
      reduction of locus coeruleus neuronal firing than in the controls, indicating
      that their autoreceptors had become desensitized. Following electrical
      stimulation of the locus coeruleus, most of the spontaneously firing cortical
      neurons were inhibited but the percentage of such neurons was reduced and the
      neurons showed a decreased responsiveness after methylphenidate treatment. The
      responsiveness of cortical neurons to microiontophoretic applications of NA as
      assessed by the I.T50 method was reduced after 7 days of treatment with
      methylphenidate. These findings suggest that the efficacy of cortical NA
      neurotransmission is markedly reduced following methylphenidate treatment.

PMID- 3409955
TI  - Intracellular studies of dopamine neurons in vitro: pacemakers modulated by
      dopamine.
AB  - Intracellular recordings from dopamine (DA)-sensitive neurons in rat substantia
      nigra tissue slices revealed that these neurons exhibit spontaneous pacemaker
      like activity. DA-sensitive neurons had higher input resistances, larger time
      constants and less linear voltage responses to current injection than did non-DA
      sensitive neurons in the zona compacta. The administration of DA produced an
      inhibition of firing rate, a hyperpolarization and a decrease in input
      resistance. These effects were blocked by (-)sulpiride, a selective D2
      antagonist. A reversal potential of -88 +/- 14 mV was calculated for the DA
      induced hyperpolarization suggesting the involvement of potassium ions in the
      mechanism of DA action.

PMID- 3409956
TI  - Effects of single and long-term metoclopramide administration on open field and
      stereotyped behavior of rats.
AB  - The effects of single and long-term metoclopramide administration on rat open
      field and apomorphine-induced stereotyped behavior were studied. A single dose of
      metoclopramide decreased dose dependently not only locomotion and rearing
      frequencies in the open field but also the apomorphine effects. Withdrawal from
      long-term metoclopramide administration induced a significant increase in all
      parameters of activity recorded in the open field. The responsiveness to
      apomorphine was also augmented in metoclopramide-withdrawn rats. These results
      were considered to be a consequence of the supersensitivity of central
      dopaminergic receptors.

PMID- 3409957
TI  - Effects of adenosine and calcium entry blockers on 3,4-diaminopyridine-induced
      rhythmic contractions in dog coronary artery.
AB  - 3,4-Diaminopyridine, a potassium (K+) channel blocker, was used to induce phasic
      contractions in an isolated K+-contracted dog left anterior descending coronary
      artery ring preparation. The effects of adenosine, N6-L-phenyl-isopropyl
      adenosine (L-PIA) and 5'-N-ethylcarboxamide-adenosine (NECA) were compared with
      those of calcium (Ca2+) entry blockers (nifedipine, verapamil, diltiazem) on the
      maximum developed force, minimum developed force and contraction frequency in
      this model. Adenosine, L-PIA and NECA significantly relaxed the minimum force and
      decreased the contraction frequency without any effect on the maximum force. The
      order of potency was: NECA greater than L-PIA greater than adenosine. Nifedipine,
      verapamil and diltiazem significantly relaxed the maximum force and increased the
      contraction frequency without a significant relaxing effect on minimum force. It
      is, therefore, likely that adenosine (and its analogs) and Ca2+ entry blockers
      have different mechanisms for the relaxation of coronary smooth muscle and that
      adenosine probably relaxes the vessels through A2 receptor.

PMID- 3409958
TI  - Tricyclic antidepressant binding to lymphocyte membranes and changes during
      depression.
AB  - The binding of [3H]imipramine, its 2- and 4-nitroderivatives and
      [3H]desmethylimipramine to lymphocyte membranes was determined. IC50 values for
      drugs and neurotransmitters to inhibit [3H]imipramine binding to lymphocyte
      membranes were comparable with those for brain and thrombocyte membranes. The
      number of [3H]imipramine and [3H]desmethylimipramine binding sites increased in
      depressive patients, whereas the dissociation constants remained unchanged.

PMID- 3409959
TI  - Effect of immobilization stress on tricyclic antidepressant binding and serotonin
      uptake in rats.
AB  - Immobilization stress increased the density of imipramine binding sites in
      platelet and cortical membranes and there was an increased serotonin uptake in
      platelets. There was a decrease in desipramine binding and noradrenaline uptake
      in lymphocytes. Our results show that stress acts on the mediator systems in
      various ways.

PMID- 3409960
TI  - Acute scopolamine treatment decreases dopamine metabolism in rat hippocampus and
      frontal cortex.
AB  - The aim of the present study was to correlate the impairment of cognitive
      function induced by scopolamine with the activity of dopaminergic synapses in
      brain areas which are innervated by the mesocortical limbic system (e.g.
      hippocampus and frontal cortex) or by the mesostriatal system (e.g. striatum and
      nucleus accumbens). The results indicate that acetylcholine receptor blockade
      induced by the intraperitoneal injection of 0.5 mg/kg scopolamine resulted in a
      selective decrease in the content of the dopamine metabolites 3,4
      dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA). This effect
      appeared to be specific for the hippocampus and frontal cortex. Indeed, dopamine
      turnover in striatum and nucleus accumbens was not affected by scopolamine
      treatment. The scopolamine-induced decrease of dopamine turnover in both
      hippocampus and frontal cortex paralleled in terms of both time- and dose
      dependence the drug-induced amnesic effects, as measured by a passive avoidance
      behavioral test.

PMID- 3409961
TI  - Molecular properties of the papaverine binding sites identified in human colonic
      membranes with 6,7-dimethoxy-4-(4'-amino,3'-[125I]iodobenzyl) isoquinoline as
      probe.
AB  - The binding sites for papaverine in human intestine were studied with the
      radioiodinated papaverine derivative, 6,7-dimethoxy-4-(4'-amino,3'
      [125I]iodobenzyl)isoquinoline [( 125I]DMABI) as a probe. This drug was shown to
      bind to two specific binding sites in human colon membranes; one with a low
      capacity (Kd = 0.02 +/- 0.01 microM, Bmax = 0.77 +/- 0.15 fmol/mg) and another
      with a high capacity (Kd = 12 +/- 1.5 microM, Bmax = 167 +/- 20 fmol/mg). The
      ability of various 4-benzyl isoquinolines derivatives, to inhibit radioligand
      binding was not influenced by 4'-substitutions, but was influenced by 6,7
      substitutions, e.g. 6-hydroxy greater than 7-hydroxy greater than 6,7-dihydroxy;
      and by other substitutions, e.g. 1-CH3 greater than N-oxyde. The papaverine probe
      was further used to examine structural aspects of human colon papaverine binding
      sites. For this purpose, [125I]DMABI-labeled membranes were irradiated with U.V.
      for 15 min at 4 degrees C. Subsequent sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis of membranes revealed a major, specifically labeled protein of Mr
      = 36,000 Da. This photoaffinity labeling was protected by unlabeled DMABI in a
      dose-dependent manner (IC50: 0.5 microM).

PMID- 3409962
TI  - Angiotensin II contributes to blood pressure maintenance in conscious rats
      treated with yohimbine.
AB  - Yohimbine (1 mg/kg s.c.) produced significant and persistent increases in plasma
      renin concentration and plasma norepinephrine concentration in conscious rats,
      but mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate were unchanged. The subsequent
      i.v. infusion of the angiotensin II receptor antagonist saralasin (100
      micrograms/kg per min) caused a significant decrease (-17%) in MAP. We conclude
      that yohimbine-induced renin release, and the resultant rise in plasma
      angiotensin II concentration, prevents the decrease in MAP which would result
      from the blockade of vascular alpha-adrenoceptors by yohimbine.

PMID- 3409963
TI  - The oxytocin antagonist d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)-Orn8-vasotocin inhibits male copulatory
      behaviour in rats.
AB  - The effect of an intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of the oxytocin
      antagonist, d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)-Orn8-vasotocin, on the copulatory behaviour of
      vigorous male rats in the presence of females in estrus was studied. The peptide
      (2.5, 25 and 50 ng, 15 min before mating tests) decreased the number of mounts
      and intromissions, and abolished ejaculation almost completely at all doses
      tested. The peptide failed to significantly influence motor activity at the doses
      used. The results support the hypothesis that central oxytocin plays a
      physiological role in the expression of copulatory behaviour.

PMID- 3409964
TI  - Specific motor effects of capsaicin on human jejunum.
AB  - Capsaicin (1 microM) produced a biphasic effect on the motility of longitudinal
      muscle strips from human jejunum e.g. an initial inhibitory effect on nerve
      mediated contractions followed by a delayed increase in motility. Neither effect
      was observed upon a second application of the drug, indicating desensitization, a
      proposed marker of the action of capsaicin on sensory nerves. Both substance P
      and neurokinin A produced a contraction of isolated human jejunum, while
      calcitonin gene-related peptide had a small and inconsistent inhibitory effect.

PMID- 3409965
TI  - [3H]quaternised ICS 205-930 labels 5-HT3 receptor binding sites in rat brain.

PMID- 3409966
TI  - Sexual endocrinology and terminology in sexology.
AB  - Sexual endocrinology has contributed decisively to the development of sexology.
      Effects of most recent findings in neuroendocrine research on the development of
      terminology in sexology, sex therapy and sex legislation are discussed.

PMID- 3409967
TI  - Effects of preoptic injection of glucagon on luteinizing hormone secretion in
      ovariectomized rats with or without estrogen priming.
AB  - Effects of microinjection of glucagon or GIP into the medial preoptic area on
      luteinizing hormone (LH) and prolactin (PRL) release were examined in
      unanesthetized ovariectomized rats with or without estrogen priming.
      Microinjection of glucagon (1.0 microgram) into the medial preoptic area of
      ovariectomized estrogen-primed rats significantly facilitated the circadian
      afternoon rise in LH secretion as compared to the hormone values in control
      animals microinjected with physiological saline. The timing of the afternoon LH
      rise was not altered by glucagon and the circadian rise of PRL secretion was not
      altered by glucagon injected in the preoptic area. The injection of GIP did not
      have any significant effect on either LH or PRL secretion. In ovariectomized
      estrogen-unprimed rats, on the other hand, glucagon did not affect the pulsatile
      LH secretion, but it inhibited PRL secretion. GIP did not affect any hormone
      secretion. The results show that (1) glucagon, as other secretion family peptides
      such as secretion and PHI, can stimulate the preoptic LH secretory mechanism that
      undergoes the circadian clock mechanism under the influence of estrogen, and (2)
      without estrogen priming, glucagon in the preoptic area inhibits PRL secretion.

PMID- 3409968
TI  - Diminished adhesion of endothelial aortic cells on fibronectin and collagen
      layers after nonenzymatic glycation.
AB  - Adhesion of bovine endothelial cells on fibronectin and collagen before and after
      nonenzymatic glycation in vitro has been studied. Nonenzymatic glycation of these
      proteins reduced their ability to bind endothelial cells. Furthermore,
      nonenzymatically glycated fibronectin failed to bind to normal and
      nonenzymatically glycated gelatin and to fibrin. So gelatin and fibrin Sepharoses
      can be used to separate highly glycated fibronectins from fibronectins with a low
      degree of nonenzymatic glucose substitution. Sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis did not demonstrate a covalent cross-link between
      nonenzymatically glycated fibronectins. These results present further evidences
      for the role of nonenzymatic glycation of proteins in the development of vascular
      complications in long-term diabetes and of atherosclerosis.

PMID- 3409969
TI  - Alteration of insulin-binding receptors in non-insulin dependent diabetes of the
      young.
AB  - The behaviour of insulin binding receptors is rather unelucidated in non-insulin
      dependent diabetes mellitus of the young. Authors in continuing their previous
      work studied the behaviour of insulin binding receptors of erythrocytes and
      monocytes in 9 MODY patients. They observed that specific insulin binding of
      circulating blood cells was significantly decreased in all cases as compared to
      the controls despite of a good state of metabolism (in the case of erythrocytes
      4.63 +/- 1.1% vs. 6.03 +/- 1.7%, p less than 0.05, in the case of monocytes 2.3
      +/- 1.2% vs. 3.6 +/- 1.4%, p less than 0.05). The lower value of insulin binding
      resulted from the decrease of receptor concentrations (in the case of
      erythrocytes 2.36 +/- 0.78 pmol/l vs. 3.81 +/- 1.14 pmol/l, p less than 0.05).

PMID- 3409970
TI  - Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin in chronic renal failure.
AB  - Serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) is normal in some patients with
      chronic renal failure. We studied the question, whether factors known to regulate
      the serum 1,25(OH)2D concentration such as parathyroid hormone, calcium,
      phosphate and especially the serum 25 hydroxy vitamin D (25 OH D) concentration
      are related to circulating levels of serum 1,25(OH)2D in such patients. We found
      no correlation between these serum parameters and 1,25(OH)2D. Our data indicate
      that other factors are of more importance for the regulation of serum 1,25(OH)2D
      in this situation.

PMID- 3409971
TI  - Effects of bovine growth hormone in suckling lambs.
AB  - The objective of this study was to determine the effects of bovine growth hormone
      (bGH) on body growth of suckling lambs. Suckling Merino lambs (fed on milk
      replacer from 4th day of life) were daily injected from 10th to 38th day of life
      with 80 micrograms bGH/kg b.w. Only insignificant increase of body weight was
      observed after 4 weeks of GH treatment. After 31st day of life body weight gain
      in the experimental lambs was significantly higher. It can be concluded that bGH
      increases body weight gain of lambs in 2nd month of life. It is probable that
      growth rate of sucklings is limited only by biological and biochemical
      capabilities of the organism and it can be hardly influenced by exogenous
      hormonal manipulation.

PMID- 3409972
TI  - Influence of electrical stimulation of the limbic structure on ovarian
      steroidogenesis in hypophysectomized and adrenalectomized rats.
AB  - The effects of electrical stimulation of the medial amygdala (AMYG) and dorsal
      hippocampus (DHPC) on the rates of 14C transfer from 14C-1-acetate into ovarian
      steroids in hypophysectomized and adrenalectomized rats (H-A rats) were
      investigated. The 14C transfer rates into estrogen were increased by stimulation
      of AMYG and DHPC. The 14C transfer rates into progesterone and 20 alpha-hydroxy
      pregn-4-en-3-one (20 alpha-OH-P) were increased by the AMYG stimulation but
      decreased by the DHPC stimulation. From these results, it might be suggested that
      these limbic structures were involved in the regulation of ovarian
      steroidogenesis without participation of pituitary and adrenal.

PMID- 3409973
TI  - Steroid concentrations in ovarian follicles during pregnancy in the rat.
AB  - The levels of oestrogens in isolated follicles of rats were low until day 3 of
      pregnancy then elevated during the next three days and were again low until day
      21. On that day, a sudden rise took place which continued on day 22. Follicular
      androgens followed the pattern of oestrogens. Progestagen amounts were virtually
      negligible.

PMID- 3409974
TI  - Influence of bleeding order on plasma corticosterone concentration in the mouse.
AB  - The influence of the order of bleeding on corticosterone release in the mouse was
      examined. Female C57/BL6 mice were housed in groups of five animals in a low
      noise environment. After 10 days, they were successively captured and sacrificed
      every 2 minutes. The corticosterone levels increased in the fourth and fifth mice
      in a cage, i.e. within the time intervals from 4 to 6 minutes and from 6 to 8
      minutes after the capture of the first animal. These results suggest that
      quiescent corticosterone levels can be measured only when the blood samples are
      obtained within 4 minutes following the capture of the first mouse.

PMID- 3409975
TI  - Mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial activity during the progression of the
      cell cycle of human leukemic cells.
AB  - Mitochondrial (mt) biogenesis and mt function were investigated during the cell
      cycle of leukemic cells. The study shows that the activity of enzymes involved in
      oxidative phosphorylation increases in the early G1 phase. This increase in
      activity precedes that of other mt enzymes such as citrate synthase and adenylate
      kinase. Therefore, the synthesis of mt enzymes, needed for the reduplication of
      the mt mass in the course of the cell cycle, occurs in a sequential order. The
      enzymes of the system for oxidative phosphorylation are composed of several
      subunits. Some of these subunits are encoded on mtDNA and synthesized by mt
      specific RNA and protein synthesis. This explains why inhibition of mt protein
      synthesis during the progression of the cell cycle of G1-enriched cells results
      in an increasing shortage of ATP. This lack of ATP results first in progression
      delay and, subsequently, in a cell cycle block in early G1. Furthermore, shortage
      of ATP impairs the increase in activity of at least one mt matrix enzyme. This
      study offers new information about a number of aspects of mt biogenesis and mt
      function during cell cycle progression and elucidates the cytostatic mechanism
      resulting from prolonged inhibition of mt protein synthesis.

PMID- 3409977
TI  - Target molecules of calmodulin on microtubules of Tetrahymena cilia.
AB  - In the course of an attempt to isolate the calmodulin-binding proteins (CaMBPs)
      from cilia of Tetrahymena, it was found that some CaMBPs tend to interact with
      axonemal microtubules. The present study demonstrates this interaction by
      cosedimentation experiments using in vitro polymerized Tetrahymena axonemal
      microtubules and Tetrahymena CaMBPs purified from axonemes by calmodulin affinity
      column chromatography. Analysis by the [125I]calmodulin overlay method showed
      that at least three CaMBPs (Mr69, 45, and 37 kDa) cosediment with microtubules.
      Furthermore, without any addition of exogenous CaMBPs, microtubules purified
      after three cycles of temperature-dependent polymerization and depolymerization
      included the above CaMBPs and additional CaMBPs (Mr30, 26, and 22 kDa) which
      could not cosediment with microtubules. From the results, we have classified
      these microtubule-associated CaMBPs into two groups: (i) CaMBPs which interact
      with microtubules only during polymerization (30, 26, and 22 kDa), and (ii)
      CaMBPs which interact not only with microtubules during polymerization, but also
      with polymerized microtubules (69, 45, and 37 kDa). These results suggest that
      the microtubule-associated CaMBPs, especially those of the latter group, are
      located on the surface of ciliary microtubules, and may become the target
      molecules of calmodulin at Ca2+-triggered ciliary reversal.

PMID- 3409976
TI  - An improved method of electroporation for introducing biologically active foreign
      genes into cultured mammalian cells.
AB  - We have developed a modified, reproducible, and efficient method for introducing
      cloned genes into mammalian cells by using an electric field followed by
      treatment with sodium butyrate. Transfection frequencies with plasmid pSV2-neo,
      consisting of an antibiotic (G418) resistance gene and simian virus 40 (SV40)
      early promoter, by electroporation were higher than those by calcium phosphate
      DNA precipitation. Treatment with sodium butyrate following electroporation
      significantly increased the frequency of transfection in various types of cell
      lines and primary cultured cells including human skin fibroblasts. Treatment with
      sodium butyrate also increased the transient expression of the gene for
      chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (acetyl-CoA; chloramphenicol O3
      acetyltransferase, CAT, EC 2.3.1.28) when the gene was introduced into BALB/c 3T3
      cells by electroporation. Electroporation combined with sodium butyrate treatment
      is an improved method for stable and transient biochemical transformation of
      foreign genes in cultured mammalian cells.

PMID- 3409978
TI  - Sublocalization of the human PDGF A-chain gene to chromosome 7, band q11.23, by
      in situ hybridization.
AB  - The human platelet-derived growth factor A-chain (PDGFA) locus was mapped by in
      situ hybridization. By use of human cDNA probes encoding the PDGF A-chain
      precursor polypeptide the gene was assigned to the proximal long arm of
      chromosome 7, band q11.23. Of 76 cells with silver grains on chromosome 7, 28%
      had label over this band. Our assignment represents a confirmation and further
      sublocalization of the PDGFA locus. The location correlates with specific
      chromosomal abnormalities associated with certain human developmental
      malformations and neoplasms.

PMID- 3409979
TI  - Different developmental functions for calmodulin in Dictyostelium:
      trifluoperazine and R24571 both inhibit cell and pronuclear fusion but enhance
      gamete formation.
AB  - The calmodulin antagonists trifluoperazine and compound R24571 were used to study
      the function of calmodulin during sexual development in Dictyostelium discoideum.
      Calmodulin activity is required for both cell fusion and pronuclear fusion.
      However, cell fusion and pronuclear fusion were each maximally inhibited at
      different concentrations of the same inhibitor suggesting differential calmodulin
      activity during these events. In contrast, trifluoperazine and R24571 were both
      found to enhance rather than inhibit the formation of gametes. This suggests an
      additional role for calmodulin as a negative regulator of gamete development.
      These results provide evidence of a role for calmodulin as both a positive
      (biomembrane fusion) and a negative (gamete development) regulator of
      developmental events in Dictyostelium. They also reveal calmodulin as a mediator
      of pronuclear fusion for zygote development in this eukaryote.

PMID- 3409980
TI  - The effect of colchicine on synaptonemal complex formation in Allium ursinum.
AB  - Interference of colchicine with meiotic chromosome pairing in the wild garlic,
      Allium ursinum, was studied using a whole-mount spreading technique for
      synaptonemal complexes. Colchicine was found to cause (i) pairing suppression
      (arrest of leptotene) and (ii) deficient pairing initiation at zygotene in
      connection with morphologically anomalous, malfunctioning pairing initiation
      sites. Both of these phenomena could be responsible for the reduction of chiasma
      frequency by colchicine previously reported in the literature.

PMID- 3409981
TI  - Conformational changes of beta H-crystallin in riboflavin-sensitized
      photooxidation.
AB  - The effect of riboflavin-sensitized photooxidation on calf lens beta H-crystallin
      has been investigated by using fluorescence and circular dichroism techniques.
      beta H-Crystallin showed a pronounced change in its tertiary structure
      (conformation) as manifested in the near-u.v. circular dichroism spectra and
      fluorescence yield of tryptophan residues. The rate of tryptophan photolysis was
      significantly diminished under anaerobic conditions, but was not affected
      appreciably when D2O was used in the reaction mixture instead of H2O.
      Ferricyanide and ferricytochrome c added to the solution prior to irradiation
      inhibited the rate of photolysis of tryptophan, suggesting the involvement of O2-
      anion in the photoreactions. Quantitative assays of O2- and H2O2 in the
      irradiated protein solution strongly suggest that the Type I photosensitization
      pathway is involved in the RF-sensitized photooxidation of beta H-crystallin. The
      effect of photolysis on the cysteine residues of the protein was also studied.
      The sulfhydryl specific fluorophore N-iodoacetyl-N'-(5-sulfonaphthyl)
      ethylenediamine (1,5-IAEDANS) was used to study the change in the
      microenvironment of the cysteine (sulfhydryl) residues of the protein by
      photolysis. The results indicate that there is a quantitative loss of IAEDANS
      labeling sites due to photooxidation as well as structural changes of the
      protein. Fluorescence lifetime measurements indicate that the probe is bound in
      two environments--the major one (95%) is exposed and the minor one (5%)
      hydrophobic. A decrease in the lifetimes of the bound label occurs after
      photooxidation. However, the relative proportion of the hydrophobic IAEDANS
      labeling sites increases in the photooxidized beta H-crystallin, probably due to
      the formation of supra-aggregated protein by photolysis.

PMID- 3409982
TI  - Effect of denaturization on the immunogenicity and uveitogenicity of retinal S
      antigen.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that alteration of pH or temperature of retina
      extract can affect its complement fixing reactivity with anti-S-antigen serum. To
      examine the effect of pH or heat on the immunogenicity and uveitogenicity of
      purified bovine S-antigen, guinea-pigs were injected with pH- or heat-treated S
      antigen and evaluated for clinical and histopathological signs of uveoretinitis,
      histopathology of pineal gland, serum and intraocular S-antigen antibody
      reactivity, and S-antigen skin test reactivity. Guinea-pigs that received pH 7 or
      pH 10 treated S-antigen responded as did those that received untreated S-antigen.
      Guinea-pigs injected with pH 4 or heat-treated S-antigen exhibited lower
      incidence, later onset and less severe uveitis than those that received untreated
      S-antigen. Systemic responses of skin test reactivity to S-antigen were not
      different from those of the control group; pineal gland involvement and serum
      anti-S antibody reactivity were slightly reduced. Skin test responses of animals
      receiving treated antigen were less to the treated (injected) antigen than to
      untreated S-antigen. In addition, antibody responses of guinea-pigs receiving pH
      4 or heat-treated antigen were less to the treated (injected) antigen than to
      untreated S-antigen. These results suggest that the sites on the S-antigen
      molecule responsible for various aspects of pathogenicity and immunogenicity do
      not have the same sensitivity to physical/chemical treatment and may reside on
      different parts of the molecule. Furthermore, the reactive sites especially for
      antibody and skin test reactivity, may be continuous sites.

PMID- 3409983
TI  - The precipitation and cross-linking of lens crystallins by ascorbic acid.
AB  - Bovine lens beta-crystallin was incubated with increasing concentrations of
      sugars and sugar derivatives for a period of 2 weeks in the dark at 37 degrees C.
      Marked protein precipitation and a browning reaction was observed with both
      ascorbic acid (ASA) and dehydroascorbic acid (DHA), but little or no reaction was
      seen with several other sugars and sugar analogs. Similar incubations were
      carried out with 20 mM ASA, 20 mM DHA and 20 mM glucose, but with increasing
      amounts of the individual crystallins. Glucose was capable of precipitating gamma
      crystallin in the presence of air, but this reaction was decreased if
      dithiothreitol and a chelating agent were added prior to incubation. ASA and DHA
      produced precipitation and browning with gamma- and beta-crystallin, but not with
      alpha-crystallin or lens soluble proteins. Similar reactivities were observed
      both in air and under reducing conditions. Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis of these reaction mixtures showed little or no cross-linking
      with any of the lens proteins by glucose. ASA and DHA caused detectable dimer
      formation with gamma-crystallin, but produced the formation of dimers as well as
      highly polymerized proteins at the top of the gel with all the other crystallins
      and with lens soluble proteins. A time-course experiment with alpha-crystallin in
      the presence of air showed no cross-linking with 100 mM glucose over a 6-week
      period; however, 10 mM ASA caused definite cross-linking at 2 weeks, and at 6
      weeks a dark smear of protein was visible throughout the gel. ASA was still
      capable of inducing cross-linking under low oxygen conditions but the protein
      smearing was markedly diminished. Further, the cross-linking pattern was similar
      to that seen in the water-insoluble fraction from older human lenses and
      cataracts. This reaction may be significant in vivo because cross-linking was
      observed under low-oxygen conditions with as little as 2 mM ASA, which is the
      level of ASA normally present in human lenses.

PMID- 3409984
TI  - Destabilization of lens protein conformation by glutathione mixed disulfide.
AB  - Mixed disulfide between lens crystallin and glutathione has been observed in
      human cataracts and could be formed in vitro by thiol-disulfide exchange
      reaction. The glutathionyl crystallins have been reported to become partially
      unfolded. The present paper reports the conformational destabilization by the
      mixed disulfide formation in calf alpha- and gamma-II crystallin. The
      conformational stability was studied by the denaturants urea and guanidine
      hydrochloride (Gdn-HCl), and by proteolytic degradation. The denaturation curves
      of both urea and Gdn-HCl shift to lower denaturant concentration for crystallins
      of glutathione mixed disulfide. The decrease in conformational stability is
      estimated to be 0.22- and 0.92 kcal mol-1 for modified alpha- and gamma-II
      crystallin, respectively. Proteolytic digestion also shows a faster rate of
      degradation for the modified crystallins. These results indicate that mixed
      disulfide destabilizes the crystallin conformation. The destabilization may make
      crystallins more susceptible to changes as observed in aging lenses.

PMID- 3409986
TI  - Lectin-cytochemical study on epithelial mucus glycoprotein of conjunctiva and
      pterygium.
AB  - The epithelium of pterygium and conjunctiva was studied with reference to
      cytochemical reactivity to six fluorescein-labeled lectins that recognize a
      certain carbohydrate residue(s) of cellular membrane-bound or secretory
      glycoprotein: Ulex europaeus agglutinin-1 (UEA-1, specific for fucose); Dolichos
      biflorus agglutinin (DBA, specific for N-acetylgalactosamine); peanut agglutinin
      (PNA, specific for galactose-beta 1-3N-acetylgalactosamine): wheat germ
      agglutinin (WGA, specific for N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylneuraminic acid);
      Concanavalia ensiformis (Con A, specific for mannose); Ricinus communis
      agglutinin-1 (RCA-1, specific for galactose). Non-goblet epithelial cells of
      pterygium were labeled with UEA-1, DBA and PNA, while those of conjunctiva were
      not. Distribution density of goblet cells was larger in pterygium than in
      conjunctiva, but there was no distinct difference in lectin reactivity between
      the two tissues, with marked label with WGA, PNA and RCA-1. Con A did not bind to
      either pterygium or conjunctiva. The observations suggest the presence of
      anomalous mucus glycoproteins secreted from pterygium.

PMID- 3409985
TI  - Variations in human corneal endothelial cell morphology and permeability to
      fluorescein with age.
AB  - Fluorophotometry with topically applied fluorescein and endothelial cell
      photography were performed on 80 normal subjects (age 5-79 yr). Variations in
      endothelial cell morphology and function, flow of aqueous humor, and intraocular
      pressure were recorded. The mean endothelial cell size was 332.3 +/- 46.3 micron
      2. A 28% increase in endothelial cell size was measured over the eight decades (r
      = 0.53, P less than 0.001). The coefficient of variation of cell size also
      increased with age (r = 0.41, P less than 0.001). The percentage of hexagonal
      endothelial cells decreased by 14% (r = -0.48, P less than 0.001), while the
      percentage of pentagonal and heptagonal cells increased by 50% (r = 0.44, P less
      than 0.001) and 40% (r = 0.33, P less than 0.002), respectively, with age. The
      mean endothelial permeability to fluorescein was 4.03 +/- 0.63 x 10(-4) cm min-1.
      A 23% increase in endothelial permeability with age was observed (r = 0.44, P
      less than 0.001). No change in central corneal thickness or endothelial pump rate
      was found. Flow of aqueous humor remained stable with age, despite a 25% increase
      in intraocular pressure (r = 0.50, P less than 0.001). Polarization of
      fluorescence of fluorescein in the corneal stroma decreased with age (r = -0.46,
      P less than 0.001). We conclude that with age the human corneal endothelium
      becomes morphologically less regular and may become more permeable to
      fluorescein.

PMID- 3409987
TI  - Non-enzymic glycosylation (glycation) of lens proteins by galactose and
      protection by aspirin and reduced glutathione.
AB  - Radioactive galactose becomes attached covalently to lens proteins in the same
      way as glucose. Simultaneous incubation with aspirin inhibits the reaction with
      galactose in a dose-related manner. Incubation with aspirin before incubation
      with galactose in the absence of aspirin showed that aspirin can modify
      crystallins permanently to prevent the binding of galactose. The galactosylation
      was also inhibited by glutathione at physiological concentrations. All major
      groups of lens proteins reacted with galactose but a higher level of modification
      of protein in the material of high molecular weight may indicate that
      galactosylation has induced aggregation of the proteins. The modification of all
      major crystallin groups was confirmed by isolating the galactosylated proteins by
      affinity chromatography. The results are discussed in relation to glycosylation
      of lens proteins in diabetes and galactosaemia and the role of glycosylation in
      cataract.

PMID- 3409988
TI  - Fluorophores of the human retinal pigment epithelium: separation and spectral
      characterization.
AB  - Ten fluorescent fractions originating from the chloroform extracts of retinal
      pigment epithelial (RPE) cells of human donor eyes (ages 52-98 yr) have been
      separated and characterized by UV-vis absorbance and corrected fluorescence
      spectroscopy. The semipurified fluorophores fall into four categories based upon
      their spectral properties: green-emitting fluorophores, a golden yellow-emitting
      fluorophore, yellow-green-emitting fluorophores and orange-red-emitting
      fluorophores. All share common absorbance peaks around 280- and 330 nm, and the
      orange-red-emitting fluorophores also exhibit a strong absorbance peak at 420 nm.
      No significant visible-emitting fluorophores were detected in the methanol-water
      phase of these extracts. While these fluorophores are abundant in extracts from
      adult-derived RPE, most of the fluorophores occur in much lower amounts in RPE
      extracts from human donors under 10 yr of age. Eyes from child human donors also
      have much less RPE lipofuscin than those from adult donors, suggesting that most
      of the fluorophores are lipofuscin derived. This interpretation is supported by
      the previous finding that all of the fluorophores from whole RPE are also present
      in extracts of purified lipofuscin granules. Characterization of the
      chromatographic and spectral properties of the chloroform-soluble fluorescent
      components from the human RPE provides an important tool for determining the
      mechanism of RPE lipofuscin fluorophore formation. The absorbance properties
      defined here are of significance to investigations into the photobiology of the
      RPE and to those using laser therapy in treatment of age-related retinal
      diseases.

PMID- 3409989
TI  - High-molecular-weight protein aggregates of calf and cow lens: spectroscopic
      evaluation.
AB  - To gain insight into the molecular features of the high-molecular-weight (HMW)
      fraction of soluble lens proteins and their changes in aging, we isolated this
      fraction from the nucleus of calf and cow lenses and measured fluorescence and
      circular dichroism (CD) properties of the samples. Not only was there an increase
      in the HMW fraction in the older lens, but there was also an age-related
      difference in tertiary structure that was clearly manifested in the fluorescence
      and CD parameters. The far-u.v. CD of low- and high-molecular-weight proteins do
      not differ significantly in band position and magnitude, but the near-u.v. CD of
      HMW protein does differ distinctly from that of all other crystallins (alpha,
      beta and gamma); the entire CD spectrum of this protein is displayed in the
      negative region. Millipore filtration further revealed that HMW aggregates are
      essentially a polydisperse population of different conformation (tertiary
      structure) and that these aggregates are associated by non-convalent
      interactions. This association is caused mainly by the apolar (hydrophobic)
      nature of the constituent protein. alpha-Crystallin has more hydrophobic domain
      along the peptide chain that do other crystallins and thus is likely to be the
      predominant protein in HMW aggregates.

PMID- 3409990
TI  - Studies on the isolation and composition of human ocular mucin.
AB  - A method for the isolation and purification of human ocular mucin from the brief
      saline extract of human ocular mucus is reported. Initial purification of ocular
      mucin was achieved by sequential chromatography of the saline-soluble mucus
      extract from an individual donor's mucus pool on columns of Sephadex G-50 and
      Sepharose CL-4B. A portion of such mucin isolate was subjected to quantitative
      analysis of the O-seryl (threonyl)-N-acetylgalactosaminyl linkage, characteristic
      of mucins, by alkaline beta-elimination and tritiated borohydride reduction.
      Following Bio-Gel P-2 filtration, the mucin isolate whose cleaved
      oligosaccharides contained tritiated galactosaminitol greater than 0.5 microCi mg
      1, a value that represents at least 64% of that observed for bovine and ovine
      submaxillary reference mucins, was considered to be mucin-rich. These isolates
      were subjected to further purification on Sephacryl S-500 and DEAE-Trisacryl M
      column chromatographies. The purified mucin had a minimum molecular weight of 120
      kDa. It consisted of 25-30% protein and 54-55% carbohydrate. Its amino acid and
      carbohydrate compositions are characteristic of a mucin structure. The purity of
      the mucin was verified by SDS-gradient PAGE. Upon isoelectric focusing,
      polydispersity/microheterogeneity were exhibited in the pI range 5.0-6.6.

PMID- 3409991
TI  - Methionine adenosyltransferase and S-adenosylmethionine in the developing rat
      lens.
AB  - Methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT) activity, and the concentration of its
      reaction product, S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet), were measured in the lenses of
      rats of different ages; ranging from 1 day of age to over 1 yr. The highest
      specific activity of MAT was found in the lenses of the one day old rats (sp. ac.
      0.327 units/mg-1 protein). After 1 week the specific activity had dropped to
      0.067, and by 6 weeks had declined to adult levels (0.02 units/mg-1 protein).
      AdoMet concentrations were measured by HPLC in perchloric acid extracts. The
      highest concentration of AdoMet was found in the lenses of day-old rats (48.2
      microM), and gradually declined with increasing age, reaching 5.5 microM in the
      oldest rats. In addition, the specific activity of MAT was found to be higher in
      the lens epithelium than in the cortex plus nucleus. The specific activity of MAT
      is almost an order of magnitude higher in the lens epithelial fraction (0.099
      units mg-1 protein) than in the combined cortex plus nucleus fraction (0.011
      units mg-1 protein).

PMID- 3409992
TI  - Changes in nuclear DNA content and cell size of injured human corneal
      endothelium.
AB  - To understand how human corneal endothelium compensates for cell loss, nuclear
      DNA-cytofluorometry and cell morphometry were carried out on injured corneal
      endothelium. The examined corneas included two cases of keratoconus complicated
      with acute hydrops and one without acute hydrops, two cases of herpetic
      keratitis, one case of post-intracapsular cataract extraction (post-ICCE) and one
      case of luetic keratitis. The endothelial cell layer was separated from
      Descemet's membrane and double-stained with Rhodamine-labeled wheat germ
      agglutinin-lectin (WGA) and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride (DAPI).
      The area of each cell was measured with a color image analyser and compared with
      its cytofluorometric nuclear DNA content. The endothelium in apparently intact
      regions of the diseased corneas showed the same DNA-ploidy pattern and cell area
      as the physiological corneas. However, endothelial cells in injured regions had
      greater area, even in diploidy, than in presumably normal ones and showed a
      larger number of hyperploid cells ranging from 4C to 36C. Hyperploid cells
      consisted of many multinucleates and few polyploidies and had extremely large and
      bizarre cytoplasm. All injured corneas were accompanied by cells with numerous
      micronuclei. A few asymmetrical 4C-binucleates (with DNA values such as 1.3 plus
      2.6C) appeared in the case of the post-ICCE. It is concluded that damage to human
      corneal endothelial cells in vivo results in cell enlargement with or without DNA
      synthesis. Those changes appear more severe in diseased corneas than in the
      situation of physiological aging which we have reported previously. In severe
      cases, micronuclei, polyploid cells and multinucleated giant cells are frequent,
      thereby suggesting a possible long-persistent metabolic impairment of the
      endothelium after severe damage to the cornea.

PMID- 3409993
TI  - The major metabolite of bendazac inhibits the glycosylation of soluble lens
      proteins: a possible mechanism for a delay in cataractogenesis.
AB  - Glucose-6-phosphate and galactose react non-enzymically with lens proteins. The
      rates of these reactions are decreased by 5-hydroxybendazac but not by its parent
      compound, bendazac. Both bendazac and its major metabolite bind to lens proteins,
      mostly by non-covalent interactions. These results are discussed in relation to
      the use of bendazac as an anti-cataract drug.

PMID- 3409995
TI  - Vitamin E distribution in ocular tissues following long-term dietary depletion
      and supplementation as determined by microdissection and gas chromatography-mass
      spectrometry.
AB  - Vitamin E is thought to be important for protection of polyunsaturated fatty
      acids (PUFA) from oxidative damage. A microbiochemical procedure using
      microdissection and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was developed to
      determine vitamin E distribution in ocular tissues in a rodent model, with the
      eventual goal of using it in a study of phototoxic degeneration of the retina,
      where PUFA oxidation is potentially the causal mechanism. Sample preparation was
      achieved by freeze-drying the retina followed by micro-dissection to obtain the
      desired structures for analysis. A deuterated alpha-tocopherol internal standard
      is added to the tissue sample before extraction and derivatization which are
      achieved in a single step. The data presented show the vitamin-E content in
      various structures of the retina, particularly the outer segments and retinal
      pigment epithelium (RPE); however, the vitamin E content of other ocular tissues
      is also included. Data were obtained from albino and pigmented rats receiving
      vitamin E-depleted, supplemented, and regular chow diets, and from rabbits and
      cats receiving regular chow diets formulated for each species. Within all dietary
      groups the highest concentration of vitamin E was located in the RPE followed by
      the outer segments of the photoreceptor cells. Other ocular tissues consistently
      contained lower amounts of vitamin E. Different tissues were depleted of vitamin
      E at different rates and this points out the importance of determining vitamin E
      levels in tissues of interest in studies on the consequences of dietary
      depletion.

PMID- 3409994
TI  - Preferential interaction among lens proteins as evidenced from accessibility of
      crystallins to ammonia gas.
AB  - Different crystallins (alpha, beta H, beta L and low molecular weight--LMW) were
      isolated from bovine lenses. The study of accessibility of the lyophilized solid
      proteins to ammonia gas was conducted in a high-vacuum vapor sorption apparatus.
      The sorption and desorption isotherms obtained were used to calculate the
      sorptive capacity and retentive capacity (hysteresis and irreversibly sorbed
      ammonia gas) of the different proteins. Individual crystallins were used to study
      the accessibility of the self-aggregates. Protein mixtures (beta H + beta L;
      alpha + LMW, etc.) were employed to study the accessibility of binary, tertiary
      and finally quaternary systems to ammonia vapor. Finally lyophilized thin
      sections of the bovine lenses were exposed to ammonia vapor. Comparing the
      sorptive and retentive capacities of self- and hetero-aggregates gave an
      indication of the preferred interactions among lens proteins in free solution,
      and by inference in situ, in the lens fibers.

PMID- 3409996
TI  - The off-overshoot responses of photoreceptors and horizontal cells in the light
      adapted retinas of the tiger salamander.
AB  - Depolarizing overshoot responses at the cessation of a test light step were
      observed in horizontal cells (HCs) and in a population of photoreceptors (rodCS)
      in light-adapted retinas of the tiger salamander. An anode break regenerative
      conductance may contribute to the overshoot responses in rodcS(o-wave). The
      overshoot responses in HCs consist of two components: a fast alpha-wave whose
      amplitude and time course follow those of the o-wave; and a slow beta-wave whose
      amplitude and time course vary with the HC membrane voltage. These results are
      consistent with the notion that the alpha-wave is a postsynaptic response to the
      voltage overshoots of the o-waves in rodCS and the beta-wave is mediated by
      voltage-dependent conductances in the HC membrane. A possible function of the HC
      overshoot responses is to reset the amplitude of the light-adapted HC responses
      during repetitive or rapidly changing light stimulation.

PMID- 3409997
TI  - Dynamic monitoring of corneal carbohydrate metabolism using high-resolution
      deuterium NMR spectroscopy.
AB  - Glucose metabolism in rabbit corneas was monitored with deuterium (D or 2H) NMR
      spectroscopy. The corneas were incubated in 5.5 mM deuterated glucose (glucose-6,
      6-D2). A 2.5 micrograms change in lactate and a 4.1 micrograms change in glucose
      could be detected by the NMR method. The mean rates of glucose utilization and
      lactate production in intact rabbit corneas were 248- and 151 micrograms h-1,
      respectively. The lactate production/glucose utilization ratio of 0.60, i.e. 60%
      of total glucose is metabolized to lactate, confirms that glycolysis is the
      principal pathway for glucose catabolism. Further, based on enrichment of the HDO
      signal (which refers to the naturally abundant deuterium signal arising from
      deuterons in water), glucose oxidation through Krebs cycle and its associated
      pathways is estimated to be 90 micrograms h-1 or 36% of total consumption. The
      significant advantages of deuterium NMR spectroscopy over other NMR techniques
      (e.g. 13C spectroscopy) are: (1) shorter acquisition times because of the short
      relaxation times of deuterated metabolites; (2) the HDO signal can be used as the
      internal reference; and (3) significant reduction in cost and high availability
      of 2H-labeled compounds. Deuterium NMR spectroscopy is therefore a reliable and
      effective means with which the corneal glycolytic activity prior to
      transplantation can be readily assessed.

PMID- 3409999
TI  - Non-invasive monitoring of ionic current flow during development by SQUID
      magnetometry.
AB  - The ionic currents flowing in developing organisms produce weak magnetic fields
      that can be detected using SQUID magnetometers. The method is non-invasive and dc
      recording is possible. To date SQUID magnetometers have mainly been used in human
      studies. The features of the technique are described and the prospects of
      extending its use to developmental studies are discussed. Feasible instrumental
      specifications are indicated. A recent SQUID magnetometer investigation of ionic
      current flow in the developing chick in ovo is summarised as an illustration of
      the magnetometer method. The paper as a whole argues that magnetometry is a
      useful alternative or adjunct to electrode-based experiments on the
      electrophysiology of developing organisms.

PMID- 3409998
TI  - Prospects for NMR imaging in the study of biological morphogenesis.
AB  - Small objects can be visualised with a spatial resolution that approaches
      microscopic dimensions using the technique of high resolution nuclear magnetic
      resonance (NMR) imaging. Some important features of the method are described and
      the prospects for using the technique to study morphogenesis are discussed. It is
      concluded that NMR imaging, in conjunction with the related method of localised
      spectroscopy, is capable of producing novel structural information.

PMID- 3410000
TI  - Real-time models of morphogenetic processes.
AB  - Morphological transformations are often describable by simple series kinetic
      models, A----B, A----B----C, etc., which allow assessment of the rates of
      interconversion of the distinguishable shapes or forms present and their
      probabilities of occurrence at various points in time, thus providing a means for
      kinetic comparisons with biochemical measurements of the molecular-level
      reactions that cause the transformations. When changes in cell morphology are
      followed turbidimetrically, the real-time progress curves can be simulated by
      fitting the data to a form of Beer's law for scattering by mixtures in which the
      species concentrations change with time in accordance with the chosen kinetic
      scheme. Because many even relatively large cells are mostly water, classical
      light scattering theory can be used to interpret the turbidimetric data in terms
      of simple geometrical models of average cell size and shape suggested by
      microscopic examination. Two examples are briefly considered, the stimulus
      induced changes in blood platelet shape and apparent size and their correlation
      with cytosolic-free calcium, and apparent swimming motion exhibited by
      neutrophils in suspension.

PMID- 3410001
TI  - A cryptic intermediate in the evolution of chameleon tongue projection.
AB  - An incipient form of tongue projection occurs in Phrynocephalus helioscopus, a
      generalized agamid lizard. We argue that this condition represents a functional
      intermediate between typical lingual prehension and chamaeleontid tongue
      projection, and that tongue projection evolved in chameleons by augmentation of
      ancestral mechanisms still operating in related, generalized lizards.

PMID- 3410002
TI  - The use of iodinated density gradient media for the isolation of rod outer
      segments.
AB  - Sucrose, nycodenz, metrizamide and a mixture of equal volumes of sucrose and
      metrizamide were used as density gradient media for the isolation of retinal rod
      outer segments. The high osmolarity of sucrose had a strongly negative effect on
      the nature of the rod outer segments, whereas they were much better preserved
      using iodinated density gradient media such as nycodenz and metrizamide for their
      isolation.

PMID- 3410003
TI  - Differential protection of radiation-induced DNA single-strand breaks and cell
      survival by solcoseryl.
AB  - V79 Chinese hamster cells were studied in vitro for modification of cobalt-60
      gamma radiation effects by solcoseryl. This treatment did not modify cell
      survival but did protect against DNA single-strand breaks.

PMID- 3410004
TI  - Monoamine oxidase activity in single nerve cell bodies from substantia nigra of
      rat and man.
AB  - In single nerve cell bodies isolated from the substantia nigra of man and rat the
      active forms of MAO A and MAO B were found by the use of the microdiver technique
      and specific inhibitors.

PMID- 3410005
TI  - Effect of acetylhomocysteine thiolactone on nucleolar cytology and
      lipofuscinogenesis in electric lobe neurons.
AB  - Treatment with acetylhomocysteine thiolactone significantly reduces the cellular
      level of lipofuscin in neurons of the electric lobe of Torpedo marmorata. At the
      same time, this drug produces a 45% decrease in nucleolar volume in these
      neurons, reflecting decreased cellular synthetic activity.

PMID- 3410006
TI  - Ovarian stimulation by exogenous gonadotrophins in fetal ethanol-exposed immature
      rats.
AB  - Adult pregnant rats were given either an ad libitum liquid diet containing 5%
      ethanol, a pair fed liquid diet or an ad libitum diet of rat chow and water
      administered throughout pregnancy and during the nursing period. The female
      offspring received either pregnant mare's serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) or PMSG
      followed by human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) at 30 days of age. The ovaries of
      fetal ethanol-exposed animals responded greater to the exogenous gonadotrophins
      with enhanced ovarian weights, increased numbers of ova shed, greater numbers of
      corpora lutea and antral follicles, and higher serum progesterone levels than in
      animals exposed to the control diets during gestation.

PMID- 3410007
TI  - High doses of natural alpha-interferon (alpha-IFN) in the treatment of multiple
      myeloma--a pilot study from the Myeloma Group of Central Sweden (MGCS).
AB  - alpha-interferon (alpha-IFN) is a biological response modifier with a dose
      dependent activity. The present study on the treatment of patients with multiple
      myeloma with high doses of natural alpha-IFN was designed to meet this dose
      dependent concept. 50 previously untreated patients with IgA and BJ myelomas and
      a s-Creatinine less than or equal to 200 mumol/l entered the study. Various
      treatment schedules were tested. The initial plan was to give the patients 30 X
      10(6) U alpha-IFN daily. This dosage, however, gave unacceptable toxicity. Step
      by-step decreasing dose schedules were given to the patients, 10 X 10(6) U of
      alpha-IFN daily for 7 consecutive d repeated every 3rd week was found to be the
      maximal tolerable dose that could be given to most patients. 36% (95% confidence
      levels: 22%-50%) of the patients responded: 41% of the IgA myelomas and 23% of BJ
      myelomas. Median time to response was 1.5 months and median response duration was
      20 months. Impaired general condition and central nervous system and
      gastrointestinal-related toxicity were the main adverse reactions. Hematological
      side-effects were mild.

PMID- 3410008
TI  - Low serum levels of carotenoids in sickle cell anemia.
AB  - Serum carotenoids, tocopherols and retinol were analyzed in patients with sickle
      cell anemia (SCA) and in control subjects. The data show the following: the serum
      levels of the major carotenoids, alpha and beta carotene, cryptoxanthin, lycopene
      lutein, alpha tocopherol and retinol were significantly lower in SCA patients.
      These findings reflect an additional abnormality of the antioxidant system in SCA
      patients. Gamma tocopherol, on the other hand, was significantly elevated,
      consistent with the previously reported reciprocal relationship between serum
      alpha and gamma tocopherols. Thus, these data taken together with the earlier
      findings on the lower levels of plasma alpha tocopherol and ascorbic acid suggest
      that the entire antioxidant system may be compromised in SCA patients. This may
      contribute in part to the phenotypic expression of the condition.

PMID- 3410009
TI  - Haematological abnormalities in a 75-year-old population. Consequences for health
      related reference intervals.
AB  - A representative sample (n = 486) of a 75-year-old population was studied, and
      probands with defined laboratory aberrations were re-investigated. Anaemia was
      present in 6% of the men and 3% of the women; in 17/22 anaemic subjects a cause
      was found. The prevalence of plasma cobalamin concentrations less than 130 pmol/l
      was 6%, of iron deficiency approximately 6%. Divergences in white blood cell and
      platelet counts were rare. The observed haematological aberrations were almost
      always caused by disease. Reference intervals for haematological components were
      calculated in the total study group and two reference sample groups after
      exclusions based on anamnestic and/or laboratory screening criteria or anamnestic
      criteria and/or verified disease. The lower reference limits for B-Hb and P-B12
      in a group obtained after exclusions based on anamnestic and screening data were
      considered to be minimum values for healthy subjects. The WHO criteria for
      anaemia were applicable.

PMID- 3410010
TI  - Heterogeneity of in vitro growth pattern of megakaryocyte progenitors (CFU-M) in
      myeloproliferative disorders.
AB  - In groups of 26 patients with myeloproliferative disorders (MPD), 8 with chronic
      myelogenous leukaemia (CML); 8 with polycythaemia vera (PV); 10 with essential
      thrombocythaemia (ET); and 6 patients with reactive thrombocytosis (RT), we
      studied the growth characteristics of bone marrow CFU-M in agar culture. The bone
      marrows from all the patients with MPD formed so called endogenous CFU-M
      colonies, in the absence of PHA-LCM, that increased in a dose-dependent manner
      with the addition of increasing concentrations of normal human AB-citrated plasma
      (NH-ABCP), while the bone marrows from all the patients with RT and from healthy
      controls formed few or no endogenous CFU-M colonies. In MPD, the endogenous CFU-M
      growth was enhanced by normal T cells in a dose-dependent fashion, and was
      decreased with the depletion of T cells from the marrow cells. These results
      suggest that the formation of endogenous CFU-M colonies is caused by
      hypersensitivity of CFU-M in MPD to NH-ABCP, which may contain a small amount of
      Meg-CSF, and/or by in vitro T cell stimulation. Among MPD, the endogenous CFU-M
      growth in ET was significantly lower than that of other MPD patients; however,
      the total number of ET CFU-M grown in the presence of PHA-LCM was the highest.
      These data show that the bone marrow CFU-M in MPD are heterogeneous with respect
      to in vitro growth pattern or sensitivity to exogenous Meg-CSF.

PMID- 3410011
TI  - Erythrocyte abnormalities in a hypoalphalipoproteinemia syndrome resembling fish
      eye disease.
AB  - Erythrocyte membrane (EM) abnormalities in a 16-yr-old boy with
      hypoalphalipoproteinemia resembling fish eye disease (FED-LS) were investigated.
      The proband's erythrocytes had markedly decreased osmotic fragility with target
      cells observed in the peripheral film. Analysis of his EM lipids revealed normal
      cholesterol and phospholipid content but a marked increase in phosphatidylcholine
      with concomitant decreases in phosphatidylethanolamine and sphingomyelin. Of the
      EM enzymes examined, acetylcholinesterase and superoxide dismutase activities
      were decreased while those of Na+-K+ ATPase, catalase and glutathione reductase
      were normal. 51Cr erythrocyte survival in the patient was slightly decreased. The
      observed changes in a number of structural and functional properties of
      erythrocytes in this disorder are indistinguishable from those previously
      described in homozygotes for familial lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT)
      deficiency. Thus, it is possible that in both of these disorders an abnormality
      of plasma LCAT activity causes, either directly or indirectly, functional and
      structural changes in the erythrocyte membrane.

PMID- 3410012
TI  - Double heterozygosity for haemoglobin Malmo and beta-thalassaemia traits, with
      unusually high haematocrit values, in a Sicilian man.

PMID- 3410014
TI  - Uniform requirements for manuscripts submitted to biomedical journals.
      International Committee of Medical Journal Editors.

PMID- 3410013
TI  - Regression of excessive bone remodelling by interferon alpha-2-A in a patient
      with hairy cell leukemia.

PMID- 3410015
TI  - [Comparative study of 5 excipients for direct compression. I. Rheological tests].

PMID- 3410016
TI  - [Radiosterilization of pressurized forms. Study of a preparation for external use
      with a rifamycin SV base].

PMID- 3410018
TI  - [Methodological approaches to a study of uterine electrical and contractile
      activity in research on potential uterotropic pharmacological substances].
AB  - The results of a comparative evaluation of methodical approaches to the analysis
      of the electrical and contractile activity of the uterus in laboratory animals
      during in vitro, in situ and in vivo investigation of potential uterotropic
      pharmacological agents are presented. For the analysis of the results there is
      proposed the method of mathematical processing of hysterograms including 20
      parameters and the program of the calculation of the latter for the "Electronika
      MK-54" microcalculator.

PMID- 3410017
TI  - [Action of prodigiozan on the embryonic development of experimental animals].
AB  - Administration of prodigiozan was found to cause in embryos of albino rats and
      golden hamsters depending on the dose and pregnancy term hemolytic anemia,
      thrombohemorrhagic syndrome and a decrease of the body weight.

PMID- 3410019
TI  - [Importance of the orbitofrontal cortex in the development of morphine
      analgesia].
AB  - The development of morphine-induced analgesia before and after ablation of the
      orbitofrontal cortex of the brain (OFC) was studied in behavioural experiments on
      adult cats. The antinociceptive effect of morphine was shown to increase
      significantly after ablation of OFC. The enhancement of the analgesic effect of
      morphine following OFC ablation may be explained by a decrease of the tonic
      inhibitory influence of OFC on neurons of the brain antinociceptive system.
      Different effects of OFC and the somatosensory cortex on the brain
      antinociceptive system are discussed.

PMID- 3410020
TI  - [Effect of malic acid salts on physical work capacity and its recovery after
      exhausting muscular activity].
AB  - The effect of malic acid salts of iron, potassium, copper, chromium, lithium and
      zinc on the motor activity and electroencephalographic indices in rats was
      studied under the course of oral treatment (250 mg/kg). Potassium malate was
      found to exert the most pronounced stimulating effect on the motor activity and
      excitatory processes in the sensory motor brain areas. The study of the influence
      of this compound on total physical working capacity and its restoration revealed
      a significant dose-dependent stimulating action. It was shown that the effects of
      potassium malate are related to its ability to stimulate the most productive
      bioenergetic processes, to increase carbohydrate reserves, to decrease oxygen
      consumption of tissues.

PMID- 3410021
TI  - [Relationship between the choline-blocking and protective actions of m
      cholinolytics in chlorophos poisoning].
AB  - It was established in experiments on mice that the protective effect of metacine
      and atropine iodomethylate during chlorophos and acetylcholine intoxication is
      directly proportional to the peripheral m-cholinolytic activity of the drugs. The
      protective effect of the doses of metacine and atropine iodomethylate
      equieffective by the choline-blocking effect was equal during acetylcholine
      intoxication but differed during chlorophos intoxication. Atropine iodomethylate
      exhibited a stronger selective peripheral m-cholinolytic action than metacine.

PMID- 3410022
TI  - [Effect of vitamin E on the energy allowance of functional and plastic processes
      in the myocardium during ischemia and reoxygenation].
AB  - It was found that preliminary (before ischemia) administration of vitamin E in a
      dose of 200 mg/kg to albino rats causes the changes in energy support of the
      ischemic myocardium leading to prolonged maintenance of synthesis processes:
      energy production, cGMP concentration, unsaturation of cell membrane lipids
      increase. The combination of all these factors probably determines the anti
      ischemic effect of vitamin E providing adequate restoration of the myocardial
      function in the postischemic period.

PMID- 3410023
TI  - [Effect of antiadrenergic and myotropic hypotensive agents on the blood
      kallikrein-kinin system in experimental hypertension].
AB  - In the period of vasorenal hypertension formation in rats phase changes in the
      kallikrein-kinin system of the blood are observed: one month after kidney-skin
      anastomosis a significant increase of the levels of prekallikrein, kininogen and
      kallikrein inhibitor is noted and by the end of the second month a drastic
      decrease of the levels of these components occurs due to the "unregulated"
      activation of the kallikrein-kinin system of the blood. Antiadrenergic agents
      (reserpine, tropaphen) prescribed for treatment of hypertension prevent the
      development of the "unregulated" activation of the kallikrein-kinin system and
      reduce consumption of its components. These drugs are advisable to use under
      threat of the kallikrein-kinin system exhaustion. beta-adrenoblocking agent
      obsidan and myotropic drugs produce a significant enhancement of kallikreino- and
      kininogenesis, but the degree of activation of the processes is less pronounced
      than in untreated hypertensive rats.

PMID- 3410024
TI  - [Metabolic effects of succinic and nicotinic acids in emotional pain stress].
AB  - In experiments on rats it was shown that administration of succinic and nicotinic
      acids in doses of 30 and 4 mg/kg for 5 days elevated pyruvic acid level and
      changed catecholamine balance in tissues of the aorta and heart. The
      administration of the drugs to rats with current-induced stress partially
      eliminated unfavourable shifts in carbohydrate metabolism and catecholamine
      balance in the aortic and cardiac tissues. Succinic acid had more pronounced
      metabolic activity.

PMID- 3410025
TI  - [Effect of succinic acid on blood coagulability and the catecholamine balance].
AB  - A single administration of succinic acid was shown to cause a dose-dependent
      decrease of the blood coagulability in rats. Seven-day administration of succinic
      acid (50 mg/kg) resulted in a distinct increase of the blood coagulability, an
      accumulation of adrenaline in the heart and adrenal gland tissues.
      Hypercoagulation was noted on the 5th day after withdrawal of succinic acid (50
      and 200 mg/kg).

PMID- 3410026
TI  - [Influence of isoptin on the anticoagulant effect of the sodium and calcium salts
      of heparin].
AB  - It was found that in buffer medium isoptin at concentrations of 0.025-0.0015
      mg/ml failed to interact with heparin calcium. In experiments on rabbits isoptin
      (0.05-0.1 mg/kg) was shown to exert no effect on the time of whole blood
      coagulation, the time of recalcification and thrombin time and to produce no
      changes in the anticoagulant effect of heparin calcium but to increase the effect
      of heparin sodium.

PMID- 3410027
TI  - [Changes in the circadian rhythm of respiratory activity in "depressive" rats as
      affected by tricyclic antidepressants].
AB  - At chronic administration imipramine (10 and 25 mg/kg) and amitriptyline (10
      mg/kg) shift the acrophase of the circadian rhythm of the rest-activity cycles in
      rats for a later time of the day. On the contrary, repeated injections of
      reserpine led to the rhythm acrophase shift for an earlier time and this effect
      is less pronounced against the background of the antidepressants. The effects of
      imipramine and amitriptyline are more distinct in the animals which exhibit signs
      of "depressiveness" in the open field and are more sensitive to the agents
      according to the forced swimming test.

PMID- 3410028
TI  - [Use of trental for correcting the pharmacological effects caused by voltaren and
      indomethacin].
AB  - Treatment of the adjuvant disease in rats by intragastric administration of
      voltaren or indomethacin (3 mg/kg) was followed by approximately equal anti
      inflammatory and analgesic effects on the affected joints. In this case the
      development of active dystrophic changes in the gastrointestinal tract and
      kidneys was observed. At combined administration of the antiphlogistics with
      trental there was noted an enhancement of their therapeutic action on the joints
      and also a weakening of the ulcerogenic effect and nephrotoxicity that was
      reflected in the clinical, pathological, morphological and laboratory studies.

PMID- 3410030
TI  - [Antiulcer activity of dibunol in experimental stomach and duodenal ulcers].
AB  - The antiulcer effect of two medicinal forms (oil solution, liniment) of dibunol
      in rats with different models of the stomach and duodenum ulcers was studied. The
      therapeutic activity of dibunol was evaluated by determining the index of ulcer
      formation as well as during the morphological and histochemical studies. The two
      medicinal forms of dibunol possessed equal antiulcer activity by all studied
      criteria. One should note a characteristic property of dibunol--its ability to
      produce pronounced epithelialization of ulceroerosive and ulceronecrotic lesions
      of the mucosa without rough scarring.

PMID- 3410029
TI  - [Effect of dimephosphon on the inflammatory reaction].
AB  - The effect of dimephosphon on the development of the experimental inflammatory
      edema (agar-, dextran- and carrageenan-induced edema) of rat and mouse paws was
      compared with those of voltaren and dimedrol. The anti-inflammatory activity of
      dimephosphon occurring on account of the antiexudative component was established.
      The antihistamine and antiserotonin activity of dimephosphon was shown on models
      of paw edema caused by subplantar administration of mediators and modulators of
      inflammation. The drug exerts no influence on similar effects of bradykinin and
      prostaglandin E2, intensifies edema-inducing action of prostaglandin F2 alpha.
      The involvement of the anti-inflammatory component in the therapeutic effect of
      dimephosphon is suggested.

PMID- 3410032
TI  - [Effect of quinazopyrine on the process of reparative regeneration].
AB  - The effect of quinazopyrine on skin wound healing in rats was studied.
      Quinazopyrine was found to stimulate synthesis of nucleic acids, maturation of
      fibroblasts and to increase mechanical strength of the postoperative scar. This
      effect retains in animals with alloxan-induced diabetes. The wound-healing
      activity of quinazopyrine was higher than that of methyluracil, dimexide,
      pentoxyl, sodium nucleinate, potassium orotate and riboxine.

PMID- 3410031
TI  - [Experimental research on the antisecretory and antiulcer activity of (+/-) 15
      alpha-OH-11-deoxyprostaglandin E1].
AB  - (+/-) 15 alpha-OH-11-deoxyprostaglandin E1 was found to possess a pronounced
      antisecretory activity at stimulation of gastric secretion in cats with
      pentagastrin. In rats the compound exerted the protective effect of cells of the
      gastric mucosa, especially on indomethacin and stress models of ulcerogenesis.
      The cytoprotective effect of the compound seemed to be related to its action on
      secretion of mucus as well as to its stimulation of zinc accumulation in cells
      that stabilized cell membranes and suppressed the secretory activity of mast
      cells.

PMID- 3410033
TI  - [Interrelation of the antialterative and antiproliferative effects of
      indomethacin, voltaren, piroxicam and D-glucosamine].
AB  - In experiments on rats it was shown that voltaren had a moderate degree and D
      glucosamine a pronounced degree of antiproliferative and antialterative effects.
      On these models indomethacin and piroxicam also exerted a marked
      antiproliferative action and the ability to suppress tissue regeneration in
      alterative inflammation.

PMID- 3410034
TI  - [Effect of benzonal on the drug-metabolizing function of the liver in
      pathological states].
AB  - In male rabbits with experimental acute hepatitis, acute renal insufficiency,
      diffuse peritonitis, Staphylococcus sepsis and thermic burns and also in patients
      with diseases of the nervous system one could observe prolongation of the half
      elimination period (T1/2) and decrease of metabolic clearance of antipyrine.
      Benzonal (50 mg/kg orally for 3 days) normalized indices of antipyrine test.
      Similar results were obtained in patients with diseases of the nervous system
      (epilepsy, rheumatic vasculitis of the cerebral vessels with convulsive
      syndrome).

PMID- 3410035
TI  - [Effect of methotrexate on the early stages of immunogenesis in mice].
AB  - The data of the study on the effect of a single intraperitoneal administration of
      methotrexate (0.5 mg/kg) on the early stages of immunogenesis of mice are
      presented. A single administration of the drug in different periods before
      immunization (1-10 days) was shown to induce no suppression of the immune
      response. On the contrary, at the administration of methotrexate 6-9 days before
      antigen administration a distinct stimulating effect was noted (320-350% of the
      control level). The administration of the drug daily for 6 days produced no,
      significant changes in the immune response formation and only 7-8-day
      administrations led to a significant decrease of the immune response (24-50% of
      the control level). The results obtained suggest that the time of renewal of the
      population of immunocompetent cells in the mouse spleen is 6-9 days.

PMID- 3410036
TI  - [Effect of ketamine on the evoked potentials of the somatosensory and visual
      cortices of the rabbit brain].
AB  - In experiments on unanesthetized rabbits it was found that the effects of
      ketamine and kalipsol were characterized by a decrease of the negative phase
      amplitude of the primary response (PR) of evoked potentials (EP) and the
      secondary positive deviation of EP of the cortical somatosensory region.

PMID- 3410037
TI  - [Immunomodulating properties of khlotazol].
AB  - A nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent khlotazol administered to rats in doses of
      40-80 mg/kg for 5 days stimulated synthesis of IgM- and IgG-antibodies to ram
      erythrocytes and increased the number of antibody-forming cells (AFC) and rosette
      forming cells (RFC) in the spleen. When the doses were increased to 160-320
      mg/kg, the stimulating effect of the drug on the production of hemagglutinins
      retained but dose-dependent inhibition of the number of AFC and RFC was found.
      When administered in a dose of 80 mg/kg khlotazol markedly activated the reaction
      of hypersensitivity of delayed type induced by ram erythrocytes.

PMID- 3410038
TI  - [Prenatal effect of oleandomycin on the development of the immunogenesis organs].
AB  - The ante- and postnatal development of the thymus gland and mesenteric lymph
      nodes of the rats receiving oleandomycin in the period of placentation and
      organogenesis (the 8th-14th days of embryogenesis) was studied by using
      anatomical, histological and electron microscopical methods. Oleandomycin
      produced inhibition of lymphopoiesis against the background of an increase of
      eosinophilic and neutrophilic granulocytes, reactive changes of the
      microcirculatory bed and ultrastructural lesions of the blood capillary wall.

PMID- 3410039
TI  - [Effect of dopamine on the antitumor immunity of patients with breast cancer].
AB  - The effect of dopamine in the test of lymphocyte adhesion inhibition in vitro was
      studied in patients with early (I-IIA) and advanced (IIIB-IV) stages of breast
      cancer (BC). It was shown that the stimulating effect of dopamine revealed at
      concentrations of 10(-7)-10(-5) M was blocked by haloperidol (10(-6) M). During a
      comparative study of dopamine effect at the early and advanced stages of BC it
      was found that sensitivity of lymphocytes to the stimulating effect of dopamine
      at the advanced stages of BS was significantly lower as compared to that at the
      early stages.

PMID- 3410040
TI  - [Sodium oxybutyrate correction of the disorders in higher nervous activity in the
      progeny of alcoholized animals].
AB  - Alcoholization of female rats before pregnancy (8 g/kg) or during pregnancy (4
      g/kg) leads to disturbances in the development of the offspring higher nervous
      activity manifested by impaired learning abilities, disordered emotional
      reactivity, reduced capacity to overcome stress-situation, deficit of GABAergic
      inhibitory processes in the cerebral cortex. An early postnatal administration of
      sodium hydroxybutyrate in a dose of 50 mg/kg prevents the development of the
      above mentioned disturbances of the higher nervous activity and
      neurophysiological alterations.

PMID- 3410041
TI  - [An experiment at modelling alcoholism in minipigs].
AB  - Alcoholism model was developed on minipigs. The main method of alcohol motivation
      formation was voluntary alcohol consumption at free access to water. The dynamics
      of consumption by female and male pigs of 20% ethanol was followed for 18 months.
      Some stages of alcoholism are modelled on minipigs.

PMID- 3410042
TI  - D-penicillamine inhibits transactivation of human immunodeficiency virus type-1
      (HIV-1) LTR by transactivator protein.
AB  - D-Penicillamine, an amino acid analogue of cysteine, has been shown to inhibit
      the transactivation of HIV-1 LTR by the transactivator protein, tat protein. The
      transactivation was studied in Jurkat cells co-transfected with plasmids
      containing HIV-LTR sequences fused to the bacterial chloramphenicol
      acetyltransferase (CAT) gene and HIV tat gene. The expression of CAT activity was
      a measure of transactivation of LTR by the tat protein. Incubation of transfected
      Jurkat cells with D-penicillamine led to inhibition of CAT activity. This
      inhibition was found to be concentration-dependent; more than 90% inhibition of
      chloramphenicol acetylation was seen in extracts prepared from cultures incubated
      with 40 micrograms/ml of D-penicillamine. Earlier experiments have shown that D
      penicillamine at 40 micrograms/ml can completely inhibit HIV-1 (HTLV-III B)
      replication in H9 cells [(1986) Drug Res. 36, 184-186]. These results suggest
      that inhibition of transactivation may be the molecular mechanism involved in the
      inhibition of HIV-1 replication by D-penicillamine.

PMID- 3410043
TI  - Diguanosine 5',5'''-P1,P4-tetraphosphate and other purine nucleotides inhibit
      endoribonuclease VI from Artemia.
AB  - The activity of the endoribonuclease VI from Artemia is sensitive to several
      purine nucleotides. The enzyme is non-competitively inhibited by diguanosine
      tetraphosphate (Ki = 75 microM), a nucleotide abundant in Artemia encysted
      gastrulae and located in the same particulate fraction as the gastrular
      ribonuclease. Diguanosine triphosphate and diadenosine tetraphosphate are less
      efficient inhibitors (Ki congruent to 200 microM). The ribonuclease is non
      competitively inhibited by 5'-AMP (Ki = 10 microM) and 5'-GMP (Ki = 50 microM)
      but is insensitive to the corresponding 5'-phosphates of cytosine and uridine.
      Other purine mononucleotides inhibit the enzyme activity less efficiently. The
      modulation of the enzyme activity by these nucleotides is discussed in relation
      with the changes in ribonuclease activity during early development of Artemia.

PMID- 3410044
TI  - Aromatic ring cleavage of 4,6-di(tert-butyl)guaiacol, a phenolic lignin model
      compound, by laccase of Coriolus versicolor.
AB  - It was found that 2,4-di(tert-butyl)-4-(methoxycarbonylmethyl)-2-buten-4-ol ide
      (II) was formed as an aromatic ring cleavage product of a phenolic lignin model
      compound, 4,6-di(tert-butyl)guaiacol (I), by laccase of Coriolus versicolor.
      Based on isotopic experiments with 18O2 and H2 18O, the mechanism of formation of
      II from I is discussed.

PMID- 3410045
TI  - Membrane surface potential of Spiroplasma floricola.
AB  - Anionic charges, cytochemically identified as lipid phosphate groups, cover the
      outer membrane surface of Spiroplasma floricola. They induce a negative membrane
      surface potential which affects the distribution of ions, including protons.
      Accordingly, the pH at the interface differs from the bulk pH. By using the
      fluorescent lipoid pH indicator 4-heptadecyl-7-hydroxycoumarin, the pH at the
      membrane surface was determined. From the difference of the bulk and the
      interfacial pH the membrane surface potential of S. floricola was calculated to
      be phi = -118 mV.

PMID- 3410046
TI  - Cloning and complete amino acid sequences of human and murine basement membrane
      protein BM-40 (SPARC, osteonectin).
AB  - Amino acid sequences of 285 and 286 residues, respectively, were deduced for
      mouse and human BM-40 from cDNA clones isolated from expression libraries. The
      sequences showed 92% identity and were also essentially identical to those of
      bone osteonectin and of the parietal endoderm protein SPARC. About 60% of the
      mouse BM-40 sequence was confirmed by Edman degradation. Two of the seven
      disulfide bonds were localized which apparently separate two distinct domains of
      mouse BM-40.

PMID- 3410047
TI  - Differential splicing in the 3' non-coding region of rat cytochrome P-452 (P450
      IVA1) mRNA.
AB  - The gene coding for the clofibrate-induced cytochrome P-452 has been isolated
      from a cDNA library and a full-length cDNA clone sequenced. The sequence was
      identical with that reported by Hardwick et al. [(1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 801
      810] apart from the presence of an additional 75 nucleotides inserted adjacent to
      the 3'-end of the coding region. Northern blot analysis indicates that this is
      probably a consequence of differential splicing, which may be relevant to the
      tissue-specific regulation of this gene.

PMID- 3410048
TI  - Phosphorylation affects the DNA affinity of the nuclear protein 24/7 from human
      tumor cells.
AB  - In the present study we investigated the binding behavior of nuclear proteins
      from human tumor cells to human placental DNA coupled on CNBr-activated
      Sepharose. When nuclear proteins soluble in 5 M urea prepared from serum
      stimulated cells and containing the majority of the nonhistone proteins were
      applied onto a dsDNA column, next to several other proteins one prominent group
      consisting of at least 2 distinct proteins with a pI at 7 and a molecular mass
      near 24 kDa bound to DNA. The DNA-binding ability of one of them is lost on
      phosphorylation and is recovered after dephosphorylation using alkaline
      phosphatase. Additionally, normal human fibroblasts taken as controls exhibit
      comparatively low levels of these 24/7 proteins, indicating a particular function
      in tumor cells.

PMID- 3410049
TI  - Importance of sulfhydryl group for rabbit gastric lipase activity.
AB  - We have shown recently that rabbit gastric lipase (RGL) purified from gastric
      tissue presents catalytic properties comparable with those of human gastric
      lipase (HGL). We report here that only one sulfhydryl group was modified per
      molecule of native RGL after incubation at pH 8.0 with 5,5'-dithiobis(2
      nitrobenzoic acid) (NbS2) for 4 h or 4,4'-dithiopyridine (4-PDS) for 60 min. With
      both reagents, a direct correlation was found between the modification of one
      sulfhydryl group per enzyme molecule and loss of RGL activity. Incubation of RGL
      with the new hydrophobic sulfhydryl reagent, dodecyldithio-5-(2-nitrobenzoic
      acid) (C12-NbS), at 30-fold molar excess, at pH 3.0, 5.0 and 8.0, induced
      immediate and complete inactivation of RGL. Unlike NbS2 and 4-PDS, C12-NbS almost
      instantaneously stopped the course of tributyrin hydrolysis by RGL, in contrast
      to porcine pancreatic lipase (PPL). RGL can be included with HGL in the group of
      sulfhydryl enzymes.

PMID- 3410050
TI  - Acid phospholipase A activities in rat hepatocytes.
AB  - Cultured rat hepatocytes exhibit acid phospholipase A activity. On the basis of
      product formation from stereospecifically radiolabeled phosphatidylethanolamine
      substrates, phospholipases A1 and A2 have been identified with optimal activities
      at pH 4.5. According to subcellular fractionation studies, the acid
      phospholipases in hepatocytes appear to be located in the lysosomal compartment.
      Application of specific inhibitors of the biosynthesis, glycosylation, and
      translocation of lysosomal enzymes in hepatocyte cultures suggests a half-life of
      approx. 1 day for the acid lysosomal phospholipase A1. About the same value for
      the half-life was obtained for the lysosomal marker enzymes, acid phosphatase and
      beta-N-acetyl-D-hexosaminidase.

PMID- 3410051
TI  - Production of a specific antibody against pyruvate kinase type M2 using a
      synthetic peptide.
AB  - The pyruvate kinase isozymes M1 and M2 are structurally and immunologically
      closely related. To obtain an antibody which discriminates between these two
      forms, a synthetic tetradecapeptide with a sequence specific for pyruvate kinase
      type M2 from rats was constructed. Antisera from rabbits, immunized with this
      peptide, reacted specifically with the M2-type holoenzyme of both rat and human
      origin, and did not cross-react with the M1-type isozyme. This was established by
      immunoblot analysis, both under dissociating and non-dissociating conditions.

PMID- 3410052
TI  - Differential down-regulation of protein kinase C subspecies in KM3 cells.
AB  - The down-regulation of protein kinase C (PKC) subspecies in KM3 cells (a pre-B,
      pre-T cell line) has been examined. The PKC from KM3 cells was resolved into two
      subspecies, type II (mainly beta II) and type III (alpha), upon hydroxyapatite
      column chromatography. Biochemical and immunocytochemical analysis revealed that,
      when these cells were treated with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA),
      the time course of down-regulation of the PKC subspecies was different; type II
      PKC was translocated and depleted from the cell more quickly than type III
      enzyme. The results suggest that each PKC subspecies plays a different role in
      the cellular response to TPA and probably to other external stimuli.

PMID- 3410053
TI  - Effect of troponin C on the cooperativity in Ca2+ activation of cardiac muscle.
AB  - This study describes the effects of exchanging native cardiac troponin C (CTnC)
      from the right ventricular muscle of Syrian hamster for purified skeletal (S) TnC
      from fast twitch muscles in triggering cardiac contraction. Ca2+ sensitivity of
      the myocardium became decreased with STnC to 62% of the original value with CTnC.
      Furthermore, the slope of the pCa-force curve of cardiac muscle was found to be
      increased with STnC. The results show that the TnC moiety, as part of the
      switching mechanism during activation, also regulates thin-filament cooperativity
      in muscle. Modifications in both the Ca2+ sensitivity and cooperativity are
      associated with alterations in the primary structure of TnC.

PMID- 3410054
TI  - High propeller twist and unusual hydrogen bonding patterns from the MD simulation
      of (dG)6.(dC)6.
AB  - A molecular dynamics (MD) study of (dG)6.(dC)6 including counter ions and 292
      water molecules was made. The hydrogen bonding pattern and propeller twist angles
      for the mini-helix are reported as averages for times spanning 21-30, 31-40, 41
      50, and 51-60 ps. The propeller twist angles range from 18 degrees to 38 degrees.
      Bifurcated and interstrand neighboring base (twisted) hydrogen bonding patterns
      were found.

PMID- 3410055
TI  - Synthetic magainin analogues with improved antimicrobial activity.
AB  - Based on modifications to enhance the alpha-helical structure of the broad
      spectrum antibiotic magainin 2, a series of analogues have been synthesized which
      display an increase up to two orders of magnitude in antimicrobial activity and,
      in the most favorable case, no appreciable increase in hemolytic activity over
      magainin 1 at the concentrations tested.

PMID- 3410056
TI  - Purification of a novel heat-stable translational inhibitor from rabbit
      reticulocyte lysates.
AB  - We have purified to apparent homogeneity a novel heat-stable (HS) factor from
      postribosomal supernatants of rabbit reticulocyte lysates by heating for 10 min
      at 80 degrees C, fractionation on Sephadex, anion-exchange chromatography on QMA
      Accell, and gel filtration HPLC. The apparent molecular mass of HS is 500-1000 Da
      on the basis of its behaviour on gel filtration. Like a factor from bovine heart
      [(1982) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79, 3134-3137], the reticulocyte HS inhibits
      translation in hemin-supplemented lysates with biphasic kinetics similar to hemin
      deficiency and promotes phosphorylation of the alpha-subunit of the eukaryotic
      initiation factor eIF-2. It is active at nanomolar concentrations. Reticulocyte
      HS appears to be neither a peptide nor an oligonucleotide since HS activity was
      insensitive to proteolytic or nucleolytic digestion.

PMID- 3410057
TI  - Induction of eIF-4E phosphorylation by the addition of L-pyrroline-5-carboxylic
      acid to rabbit reticulocyte lysate.
AB  - Addition of L-pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid to reticulocyte lysates inhibits
      protein synthesis and induced phosphoproteins of 25 and 14 kDa. The 25 kDa
      phosphoprotein had the same Mr and pI as phosphorylated eIF-4E. Incubation of
      lysates with L-pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid did not alter the crosslinking of eIF
      4E to reovirus mRNA caps. These results suggest that modifications of the
      translational apparatus other than eIF-4E phosphorylation may mediate the
      inhibitory effect seen with L-pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid and/or that
      phosphorylation of eIF-4E may effect functions subsequent to its interaction with
      the mRNA cap such as protein-protein interactions with other cap-specific
      translation factors.

PMID- 3410058
TI  - Teaching and learning in surgical oncology.

PMID- 3410060
TI  - Catheter-associated urinary-tract infection.

PMID- 3410059
TI  - Primary angiosarcoma of the spleen: a diagnosis to consider.
AB  - We discuss a case of angiosarcoma of the spleen. Splenomegaly was discovered on a
      routine examination. At a later date it increased further in size and became
      painful. Peripheral smear and radio-isotope scannings suggested non-functioning
      spleen with haemorrhage within the tumour. Characteristic features of
      microangiopathic haemolysis, suggested in previous reports, was not found in our
      case.

PMID- 3410061
TI  - British Association of Surgical Oncology, 29th scientific meeting. Leeds, 4/5
      December 1987. Abstracts.

PMID- 3410062
TI  - Brachial artery lesions after cardiac catheterisation.
AB  - In a prospective study the incidence of brachial artery injury after cardiac
      catheterisation and the factors involved were examined. The main aim of the study
      however was to determine whether immediately after the injury it was possible to
      predict if long-term ischaemic symptoms would occur if conservative treatment was
      used. Five-hundred and two patients were seen pre- and post-catheterisation.
      Examination included inspection, palpation, segmental blood pressure measurements
      before and after exercise, Doppler score evaluation and in selected cases,
      angiography. Twenty-nine patients (5.8%) had postcatheterisation complaints of
      pain, pallor, hypoaesthesia or paraesthesia. A postcatheterisation wrist blood
      pressure index of less than 0.85, was found in 97 patients (19%). This included
      22 occlusions confirmed by angiography (4.5%). Cardiac valve disease and previous
      catheterisations were a risk factor. All brachial artery injuries, that is to say
      those patients with a postcatheterisation wrist index of less than 0.85, were
      treated conservatively and reviewed at 6 months. Nineteen of the 72 patients seen
      at follow-up still had ischaemic symptoms on effort. Postinjury complaints of
      pain and paraesthesia had no value in predicting whether or not ischaemic
      symptoms would persist, whilst angiography, wrist pulse palpation, capillary
      refill time and the wrist pressure index at rest had very little predictive
      value. The Doppler score, pallor and coldness of the hand all had some value. The
      best predictor of long-term ischaemic symptoms was the wrist pressure index after
      exercise. Brachial artery injury occurs frequently after cardiac catheterisation
      and ischaemic symptoms thereafter are usually mild.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3410063
TI  - Cost factors in limb-threatening ischaemia due to infrainguinal arteriosclerosis.
AB  - Cost factors are an increasingly important aspect of medical care. In the United
      States, more than 150,000 patients per year have limb-threatening ischaemia due
      to infrainguinal atherosclerosis. We studied the economic impact of this disease
      process and its treatment in 313 consecutive patients seen at our hospital
      between 1979 and 1981. Minimum follow-up was 3 years. Seventy-nine percent of our
      patients undergoing revascularisation attempts had limb salvage with full
      function at 1 year and 60% had full function at 3 years. Of the patients who
      died, 85% died with their limbs intact. The mean patient cost for all 289
      arterial reconstructions was $26,194 +/- $876 S.E. ($23,026 +/- $1117 for 166
      femoropopliteal bypasses; $30,380 +/- $1349 for 123 distal bypasses). The mean
      length of stay (LOS) for the reconstruction group was 50 days. In this patient
      population, the following adverse risk factors were present: Gangrene or necrosis
      in the foot (72%), age more than 70 (56%), and previous vascular surgery (21%). A
      significantly higher cost was associated with each of these factors (gangrene,
      $32,653 +/- $1534; age greater than 70, $28,089 +/- $1235; previous bypass,
      $29,666 +/- $1962). During the same time period, initial patient costs for 24
      patients undergoing primary below-knee amputation and rehabilitation were $27,225
      +/- $2896 S.E. Twenty-nine percent of the patients with below-knee amputations
      never walked again. The nonambulatory patients had a significant continuing
      expenditure for institutionalisation ($100/day) or home care ($270/week). These
      facts document the high cost of limb-threatening arteriosclerosis and its
      treatment by vascular reconstruction or primary below-knee amputation.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3410064
TI  - Deep vein thrombosis of the axillary-subclavian veins: epidemiologic data,
      effects of different types of treatment and late sequelae.
AB  - Upper extremity deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is uncommon. In the city of Malmo,
      Sweden (240,000 inhabitants), 296 cases undergoing phlebography due to a
      suspicion of upper extremity DVT, during 1971-1986 were analysed. 165 arm
      phlebograms did not reveal any thrombi (56%). In 11 cases (4%) external
      compression of the vein was found. Thrombi in the axillary or subclavian vein
      were found in 120 cases (40%) and were classified as primary in 73 cases and
      secondary in 47 cases. Only seven cases of effort thrombosis were found. Four
      cases had neurovascular symptoms mimicking thoracic outlet syndrome and underwent
      elective first rib resection. None of the patients with primary DVT had a fatal
      pulmonary embolism (FPE). One patient had clinical signs suspicious of pulmonary
      embolism (PE), however, scintigraphy of the lungs was negative. Of the cases with
      secondary thrombi three cases had fatal, and one case had contributory PE at
      autopsy. Additionally, one patient had a non-fatal PE verified scintigraphically.
      Post-thrombotic sequelae from the arm were in no case so severe that the patient
      had to change occupation. Patients with primary DVT had moderate complaints in
      three and mild in fifteen cases. Those with secondary arm thrombi experienced
      only moderate symptoms in two cases and mild sequelae in fourteen. There was no
      correlation between the type of treatment and late post-thrombotic symptoms. From
      this study it can be concluded that phlebography must be undertaken before
      treatment can be started in patients with a suspected arm DVT. Primary DVT seems
      to be a "benign" disease, and in general treatment with anticoagulants is
      sufficient.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3410065
TI  - An epidemiological survey of Raynaud's phenomenon.
AB  - A questionnaire was sent to 1000 patients with Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) and an
      equal number of controls in order to accumulate one of the largest patient data
      banks currently available. Five-hundred and seventy-one correctly completed
      paired returns were processed so as to investigate the association between
      Raynaud's phenomenon and other factors suspected of influencing the condition.
      The involvement of female sex hormones in RP was indicated by the predominance of
      women (93%), a 6% (P less than 0.02) higher incidence of infertility and the
      influence of menstruation (15%), the menopause (73%) and pregnancy (53%) on
      symptoms. Patients with scleroderma had a 5% higher incidence of stillbirths. A
      familial predisposition for RP was noted dependent on age at onset of symptoms
      (age less than 30, 14% greater than 30, 4.9%). The Raynaud's group overall had a
      significantly higher percentage who had been treated for migraine (7% higher P
      less than 0.01), angina (3% higher P less than 0.05) and duodenal ulcer (3%
      higher P less than 0.001). Of the respondents who had undergone sympathectomy (n
      = 140, 24.5% of the total), 18.6% claimed lasting benefit and 66.4% claimed no
      benefit after one year. The mean age at sympathectomy was 38.6 years (S.D. +/- 13
      range 14-78) with a mean age of start of symptoms of 29.2 years (S.D. +/- 14.7,
      range 0-70). There was no significant difference between the effects of
      sympathectomy on those patients with and those without associated conditions.

PMID- 3410066
TI  - Consequences of failure of femoro-popliteal grafts for claudication.
AB  - In order to evaluate the repercussions of failure of femoro-popliteal
      reconstruction undertaken for claudication the records of 219 patients with 251
      femoro-popliteal conduits were reviewed. Autogenous Saphenous Vein graft (SV) was
      used in 109 limbs, Polytetrafluoroethylene graft (PTFE) in 101 and human
      umbilical vein graft (HUV) in 41. Primary patency rates after 3 years of follow
      up of 72% for all grafts, 81% for SV-grafts, 84% for HUV-grafts and 59% for PTFE
      grafts were calculated: the difference between SV-grafts and PTFE-grafts is
      statistically significant (P = 0.0047). Accordingly the authors advise against
      the use of PTFE-grafts in femoro-popliteal reconstruction. Including
      reinterventions secondary patency rates after 3 years of follow-up of 88% for all
      grafts, 86% for SV-grafts, 94% for HUV-grafts and 79% for PTFE-grafts were found:
      these differences were statistically not significant. Further analysis of the
      occluded grafts showed that in case of graft failure one or two re-operations are
      justified. The 12-months patency rate of reinterventions was 58%. Considering the
      life-expectancy and the natural history for the next five years of a patient with
      claudication the authors have become conservative towards femoro-popliteal
      reconstruction for claudication.

PMID- 3410067
TI  - Recurrences after surgical treatment of patients with post-thrombotic syndrome of
      the lower extremities.
AB  - A Linton flap operation was performed in 148 patients with post-thrombotic
      syndrome of the lower extremities. One-hundred and five patients were followed up
      from 6 months to 10 years and 14.5% of cases had recurrent ulcers. The most
      common causes of recurrence was further deep venous thrombosis or remaining
      incompetent perforating veins. All patients with a recurrence of their ulcer had
      a further operation and incompetent perforating veins were ligated and divided
      with good clinical results.

PMID- 3410068
TI  - Carotid occlusion caused by seat belt trauma.
AB  - Surgical reconstruction should be considered in patients showing episodes of
      transient cerebral ischaemia or progressive neurological deterioration secondary
      to carotid arterial injuries proved by arteriography. Even complete thrombosis of
      the internal carotid artery may be managed successfully, if thrombectomy and
      intimal repair are undertaken within some hours after the onset of neurological
      symptoms. Unger reported a mortality rate of 21% following carotid arterial
      trauma, 34% of the patients improved if they underwent surgical repair, whereas
      only 14% of the patients improved if they had ligation or were not treated
      surgically. Statistical data have shown that both shock and coma are bad
      prognostic omens and patients presenting with these signs have less than a 50%
      chance leaving the hospital alive and well, even if they receive optimum
      emergency management. Although coma has been suggested as a contraindication to
      carotid repair, review of the literature has shown the data to be too limited to
      warrant such a conclusion.

PMID- 3410069
TI  - Leaking carotid artery aneurysm.

PMID- 3410070
TI  - Syphilitic aneurysm of the abdominal aorta: report of two cases.
AB  - We have described two histologically confirmed syphilitic abdominal aortic
      aneurysms arising below the renal arteries. Serological tests were negative and
      the patients had in the past been treated with penicillin and bismuth. We
      consider that there may be a correlation between atherosclerosis and syphilis in
      the natural history of some abdominal aortic aneurysms and the hazard of
      indiscriminate use of antibiotics for the treatment of other inflammatory vessel
      disease may allow syphilis to develop insidiously.

PMID- 3410071
TI  - [Diet therapy for patients after resection of the stomach].

PMID- 3410072
TI  - [Readiness of the body of the pregnant woman for labor and the most important
      indices of uterine contractile activity in normal birth (2)].

PMID- 3410073
TI  - [Treatment of the neurological manifestations of the climacteric].

PMID- 3410074
TI  - [Torsion of the peduncle of an ovarian tumor].

PMID- 3410075
TI  - [Chronic viral hepatitis B in children].

PMID- 3410076
TI  - [Drowning].

PMID- 3410077
TI  - [Laryngeal papillomatosis in children].

PMID- 3410078
TI  - [Physical treatment methods in periodontal diseases].

PMID- 3410079
TI  - [Alveolitis].

PMID- 3410081
TI  - [Treatment with cardiac glycosides].

PMID- 3410080
TI  - [Foreign bodies of the fingers].

PMID- 3410082
TI  - [Prevention of different types of traumatism in adults and adolescents].

PMID- 3410083
TI  - [Fashionable diets].

PMID- 3410084
TI  - [Pathogenesis, clinical picture, treatment, epidemiology and prevention of AIDS
      (in questions and answers)].

PMID- 3410085
TI  - [Diet therapy in peptic ulcer].

PMID- 3410086
TI  - [Liver disease and pregnancy].

PMID- 3410087
TI  - [Acute cholecystitis].

PMID- 3410089
TI  - [Epidemiological analysis: its goal, tasks and data].

PMID- 3410088
TI  - [Chronic cholecystitis].

PMID- 3410090
TI  - [Ischemic stroke].

PMID- 3410091
TI  - [Alcoholic coma].

PMID- 3410092
TI  - [Characteristics of the acute cerebral circulatory disorders in persons with
      alcoholic intoxication].

PMID- 3410093
TI  - [Surgical care in injuries at a glass-manufacturing plant].

PMID- 3410094
TI  - [Current aspects of sterility].

PMID- 3410095
TI  - [An unpleasant smell from the mouth].

PMID- 3410096
TI  - [Erythema nodosum].

PMID- 3410097
TI  - [Occupational hygiene and the health status of the personnel in x-ray offices].

PMID- 3410098
TI  - Diagnosis of cornual obstruction by transcervical fallopian tube cannulation.
AB  - Interstitial fallopian tube obstruction (IFTO) occurs in 15% of
      hysterosalpingograms (HSG) performed for infertility. Conventional HSG or
      laparoscopy may not differentiate cornual spasm or other temporary cause from
      true obstruction. We used transcervical cannulation of the proximal oviduct with
      a 3-F Teflon catheter and flexible guidewire 0.018 inch (0.043 cm) in diameter
      under hysteroscopic or fluoroscopic guidance to evaluate IFTO in 28 patients.
      Fluoroscopic catheterization techniques with selective salpingography
      demonstrated patency in 84% of obstructed tubes. Hysteroscopic cannulation with
      direct visualization by laparoscopy or laparotomy was successful in 92%. In one
      patient, perforation of the isthmus occurred without sequelae. Transcervical
      coaxial cannulation of the proximal oviduct is an effective method for evaluating
      cornual obstruction.

PMID- 3410099
TI  - An assessment of alternative policies for embryo transfer in an in vitro
      fertilization-embryo transfer program.
AB  - Conventionally, in in vitro fertilization (IVF) programs, all embryos obtained up
      to three are freshly transferred in the IVF cycle and supernumerary embryos
      frozen if cryopreservation facilities exist. This study was concerned with
      assessing alternative policies for embryo transfer (ET). When three or fewer
      embryos were obtained in the IVF cycle, fresh embryo transfer was either excluded
      (group I, n = 69) or only one embryo was immediately transferred (group II, n =
      46), the remainder being transferred after freezing and thawing. The pregnancy
      rate in these two policies was compared to that in a control group of patients
      (group III, n = 115) in whom all the embryos were transferred in the IVF cycle.
      The ongoing pregnancy rate was similar in all three groups. No multiple
      pregnancies occurred in groups I and II compared with one in the controls. The
      consequences of these policies for pregnancy rates and the incidence of multiple
      gestation are discussed. It is concluded that the deliberate limitation of fresh
      ET to a maximum of one embryo followed by one or more cycles of thawed frozen ET
      is not detrimental to the pregnancy rate and is less likely to be associated with
      multiple gestations. Conversely, this policy increases the workload of the
      laboratory staff and raises certain ethical questions.

PMID- 3410100
TI  - Tubal embryo transfer as a treatment for infertility due to male factor.
AB  - Transvaginal follicular aspiration (TVA) with ultrasonically guided needles
      allows the transfer of in vitro generated embryos to the fallopian tubes (TET),
      performing only one surgical procedure in the process. Up to now, this approach
      has been used to treat 16 couples with infertility due to severe male factor.
      Follicular development was induced with a combination of clomiphene citrate and
      human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) or follicle-stimulating hormone and hMG.
      Follicles were aspirated by TVA 36 hours after an injection of human chorionic
      gonadotropin 10,000 IU intramuscularly. A total of 169 oocytes were recovered
      (10.5 +/- 6.9 X +/- SD) from the 16 patients. There was failure of fertilization
      in 6 cases. In the remaining 10, a TET was performed 44 to 50 hours after TVA,
      utilizing embryos at the pronuclear stage. Six pregnancies resulted from the 10
      transfers. This technique combines the advantages of proof of fertilization with
      a more adequate tubal embryo development and entrance to the uterine cavity that
      may determine and increase chance of implantation.

PMID- 3410101
TI  - Initial trial of slow-release testosterone microspheres in hypogonadal men.
AB  - The duration of hormone release from testosterone-loaded poly(DL-lactide-co
      glycolide) microspheres was assessed in eight hypogonadal men. Eight weeks before
      receiving testosterone (T) microspheres, patients were withdrawn from their prior
      androgen therapy in order to minimize the contribution of that therapy to hormone
      levels measured following microsphere injection. Blood was obtained for hormone
      measurements immediately before and weekly for 14 weeks after the administration
      of the T microspheres. A biphasic release of hormone was observed; a significant
      increase in total T and free T concentration (compared to preinjection values)
      was observed during week 1 (P less than 0.01) and between weeks 6 and 11 after
      injection (P less than 0.05). A similar pattern was detected in estradiol and
      dihydrotestosterone concentrations, whereas T-binding globulin levels showed a
      small, reciprocal fall after the injection of microspheres (P = not significant
      [NS]). After receiving the T microspheres, seven of eight hypogonadal men
      reported the return of normal sexual function; the eight patient withdrew from
      the study after 5 weeks. It was concluded that T microspheres are a promising new
      method of androgen replacement therapy for hypogonadal men.

PMID- 3410102
TI  - The use of amniotic fluid and serum with propanediol in freezing of murine 2-cell
      embryos.
AB  - Human and mouse embryos have been cultured in amniotic fluid (AF). Human AF and
      human serum (HS) are used in the freeze-thaw of 2-cell mouse embryos. Two hundred
      seventy-five 2-cell embryos were collected into phosphate-buffered saline with
      20% HS and 20% AF and into 100% HS and AF. The embryos were cooled with
      propanediol as cryoprotectant at a controlled rate. After thaw, they were
      cultured in T6 with 3 mg/ml bovine serum albumin. Blastocyst formation post-thaw
      was 56/79, 44/70, 51/61, and 56/79 of intact embryos from 20% HS, 20% AF, pure
      HS, and pure AF (NS). But blastocyst hatching was better from embryos frozen in
      pure HS (22/61, compared with 16/79 for 20% HS; P less than 0.05). Hence there is
      no advantage in using AF in freeze-thaw, but pure HS may be of use.

PMID- 3410103
TI  - Zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT): evaluation of 42 cases.
AB  - ZIFT offers the embryologic follow-up of fertilization combined with the
      advantage of natural tubal transport of embryos to the uterus. Comparing ZIFT
      pregnancy data to the patients' failed IVF-ET cycles, it is premature to conclude
      that these pregnancies were exclusively due to the early intrafallopian transfer
      of zygotes, but the results are encouraging.

PMID- 3410104
TI  - Does minimal endometriosis reduce fecundity?
AB  - Twenty-one patients with minimal endometriosis treated with artificial
      insemination with donor semen (AID) because of male sterility were compared with
      40 patients with the same degree of endometriosis treated by "expectant
      management" (EM). The conception response of both groups was analyzed with the
      life-table method calculating the monthly fecundity rate (MFR), and the
      cumulative pregnancy rate (CPR). Both groups were similar in terms of woman's age
      and length of infertility before diagnosis. The results obtained after the 12th
      month showed that the group treated with AID had a CPR of 80.9% and an MFR of
      0.201, much higher than the group treated with EM, in which the CPR was 47.5% and
      the MFR 0.060. The results of the fecundity rate of the AID-treated group was
      comparable to that of normal population.

PMID- 3410106
TI  - Bull sperm as an internal control in the sperm penetration assay.

PMID- 3410105
TI  - Pregnancy with sperm aspiration from the proximal head of the epididymis: a new
      treatment for congenital absence of the vas deferens.

PMID- 3410107
TI  - Fixed cutaneous eruptions to seminal-plasma challenge: a case report.
AB  - Reactions to human seminal plasma may present as immediate hypersensitivity, cell
      mediated hypersensitivity, or fixed eruptions. There are no typical responses to
      semen. An abnormal skin lesion or systemic response after intercourse may be the
      only clue to identifying those who are reacting to semen. The use of condoms has
      proven to be the most consistent preventive modality. However, the use of condoms
      is unacceptable to some regardless of the relief provided. Although conventional
      therapy for hypersensitivity reactions to human seminal plasma is suboptimal, one
      should be aware of MA in the treatment of an atypical cause of human seminal
      plasma induced reactions.

PMID- 3410108
TI  - Artificial fertility: a new ethical approach in Brazil.

PMID- 3410109
TI  - What is the incidence of varicocele in a fertile population?

PMID- 3410110
TI  - [A device for the local cooling of nerves].

PMID- 3410111
TI  - [Effect of food and water deprivation on the structure of the wakefulness-sleep
      cycle].

PMID- 3410112
TI  - [Participation of neural elements of the first auditory cortex in the cat brain
      in the spread of excitation].

PMID- 3410113
TI  - [Structural-functional changes in different sections of the brain and spinal cord
      exposed to dioxacarb].

PMID- 3410114
TI  - [Effect of the blood supply of the heart on its contractile function].

PMID- 3410115
TI  - [Cochlear implantation in guinea pigs with experimentally induced deafness].

PMID- 3410116
TI  - [Activation of the gastrin apparatus in rats using Naftusia water and its
      individual components].

PMID- 3410117
TI  - [The motor reaction to light and the excitation conduction rate along a
      peripheral nerve in men and women in various age groups].

PMID- 3410119
TI  - [Temperature change in the contracting muscle of white rats in experimental
      athyroidism].

PMID- 3410118
TI  - [Characteristics of the emotional sphere in chronic alcoholic women].

PMID- 3410120
TI  - [Exogenous superoxide dismutase and the secretory function of the stomach].

PMID- 3410121
TI  - [Ultrastructural analysis of changes in the structural-functional modulus of the
      small intestine mucosa exposed to Salmonella toxin in an experiment].

PMID- 3410122
TI  - [Effect of the enteral adsorbent polifepan on the homeostatic system during
      prolonged use].

PMID- 3410123
TI  - [Effect of prolonged total cardiac ischemia on the myocardial release of
      catecholamines and adenine nucleotide breakdown products during reperfusion].

PMID- 3410125
TI  - A nurse's personal experience with childbirth.

PMID- 3410124
TI  - [Scientometric analysis of modern trends in the development of the biology of
      aging].

PMID- 3410127
TI  - Liberal education: a common language.

PMID- 3410128
TI  - Childbirthing practices in America--an indicator of health.

PMID- 3410129
TI  - Pain location: reports by abdominal hysterectomy patients.

PMID- 3410126
TI  - National and state nursing organizations react to recent AMA proposal on nursing
      shortage.

PMID- 3410130
TI  - Sexually transmitted diseases: chlamydia.

PMID- 3410131
TI  - Sources of funding for nursing research.

PMID- 3410132
TI  - Nursing research--the content.

PMID- 3410133
TI  - What are the commonly used research methodologies employed in evaluating the
      effectiveness of continuing education programs?

PMID- 3410134
TI  - Register of retinoblastoma: preliminary results.

PMID- 3410135
TI  - Botulinum toxin therapy for involuntary facial movement.

PMID- 3410136
TI  - Clostridium botulinum toxins: nature and preparation for clinical use.
AB  - C. botulinum neurotoxins are acutely toxic materials and act by inhibiting
      release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. The specific nature of this
      inhibition is discussed and the preparation and purification of Type A toxin
      specifically for clinical use is described.

PMID- 3410137
TI  - Botulinum toxin therapy for squint.
AB  - Four hundred and five patients have been treated with injections of Botulinum
      neurotoxin A to extraocular muscles in the Botulinum Toxin Clinic at Moorfields
      Eye Hospital from November 1982 until the present. The indications and outcome of
      therapy are described and discussed.

PMID- 3410139
TI  - Transposition surgery in childhood strabismus.
AB  - Transposition surgery involves an alteration in the mechanical properties of
      muscle action, such that the direction of movement of the eye following
      contraction of the muscle is modified. Though often used in the management of
      more complex motility disorders we have investigated the role of such surgery in
      concomitant childhood strabismus, and report the results of a computer model
      prediction and a retrospective review of cases.

PMID- 3410138
TI  - Antitoxin reduces botulinum side effects.

PMID- 3410140
TI  - Surgical management of nystagmus.
AB  - The indications and techniques for the management of nystagmus are described and
      discussed. Surgical treatment is of value in patients with consistent head
      posture. Guidelines for surgery are given.

PMID- 3410141
TI  - Surgical management of ocular hypotony.
AB  - Over the last 5 years, at the Eye Department in Bremen, 13 eyes with persistent
      hypotony have been treated by a refixation of the detached ciliary body, the so
      called 'direct cyclopexy'. Ten eyes became hypotonous because of a traumatic
      cyclodialysis and 3 eyes as a result of an antiglaucomatous cyclodialysis
      surgery. The duration of the hypotony was from 10 days to 3 months, and the
      various cyclodialyses extended from 30 to 120 degrees. The postoperative follow
      up was from 6 months to 5 years. The intraocular pressure was stabilised in all
      10 eyes with traumatic cyclodialysis. In the 3 eyes with postoperative
      cyclodialysis all needed further antiglaucomatous procedures because of high
      intraocular pressure. In all 13 eyes the typical signs of hypotony disappeared
      postoperatively and visual improvement was achieved. The surgical procedure is
      discussed.

PMID- 3410142
TI  - [Determination of 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol in human serum by GC
      SIM and influence of age-associated change].
AB  - 5 alpha-Androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol (A3 alpha diol) is a potent androgen,
      and is an end product of testosterone. Many authors measured A3 alpha diol levels
      in human plasma by various methods, but the levels of this steroid were very
      dissimilar. In order to validate such values, it was measured by gas
      chromatography-selected ion monitoring (GC-SIM) in this study. A3 alpha diol, 5
      alpha-Androstane-3 beta, 17 beta-diol (A3 beta diol) and Testosterone (T) in
      human peripheral serum were measured by GC-SIM at the same time. The TFA
      derivatives of these compounds were analyzed after purification of the serum
      extract by Sephadex LH-20 microcolumn chromatography. The sensitivity was good:
      (16.7 pg/ml: A3 alpha diol, 26.7 pg/ml: A3 beta diol). The precision (CV = 2.75%:
      A3 alpha diol, 3.11%: A3 beta diol) and the accuracy were better than ever
      reported. Serum A3 alpha diol was measured in 131 healthy men aged 15-81 years
      and 5 healthy women aged 25-60 years. There were remarkable differences between
      individuals in the serum levels of A3 alpha diol, but the levels in male serum
      (greater than 20y) showed a significant negative correlation with age (r = 
      0.560, p less than 0.01). When these healthy men were classified into three age
      groups of 20-39, 40-59 and 60-79 years, the values (mean +/- SD) for serum A3
      alpha diol were 189.3 +/- 77.7 (n = 20), 127.9 +/- 59.5 (n = 28), and 94.9 +/-
      52.9 (n = 73) pg/ml, respectively. There were significant differences between the
      levels of this steroid in all age groups (p less than 0.01). There was a weak but
      significant correlation between serum A3 alpha diol and T levels (r = 0.3235, p
      less than 0.01) in healthy men (25-77 years, n = 77). Determination of serum A3
      alpha diol was influenced by age. The number of samples strongly influenced the
      decision of mean value of A3 alpha diol levels. These results suggested that
      these factors had to be made obvious when this steroid was studied.

PMID- 3410144
TI  - [Characterization of thyroglobulin and thyroid peroxidase activity in patients
      with functioning thyroid benign tumors].
AB  - The content and chemical and immunological properties of thyroglobulin (Tg) and
      the activity of thyroid peroxidase (TPO) were studied in nodular and extranodular
      (periphery) thyroid tissue from patients with functioning thyroid tumors (hot
      nodules). From the present observations, the tumor extracts contained fairly
      large amounts of Tg, similar to that in the periphery tissue, while the content
      of Tg was markedly decreased in non-functioning thyroid tumors (cold nodules).
      The iodine content of Tg was significantly higher in nodular tissue compared with
      periphery tissue. These observations were in contrast to the results seen in the
      cold nodules in which hormone synthesis was defective. On the nature of
      carbohydrate moiety as compared with normal tissue, oligosaccharides of Tg from
      the periphery tissues changed in a manner similar to that of tumor
      oligosaccharides. That is, high-mannose type oligosaccharides were markedly
      decreased whereas multiantennary and unidentified oligosaccharides were
      increased. These observations were similar to those of non-functioning tumors.
      The content of sialic acid decreased markedly both in the tumor and periphery
      tissues. Immunologically, Tg preparations of the tumor and periphery tissue did
      not show the same affinity to the antibodies, depending on the content of iodine.
      Therefore, it seems that the contribution of the iodine content and iodo-amino
      acid has little or no significance in the heterogeneous nature of Tg
      immunogenecity. Benign tumors and the periphery tissue were subjected to assay
      for thyroid peroxidase activity by the method employing guaiacol as the second
      substrate. The specific activities of the tumors were generally higher than those
      of periphery tissues, both in functioning and non-functioning benign tumors. In
      non-functioning carcinoma, on the other hand, TPO activities were lower in tumor
      portions than in periphery portions. This indicates that non-functioning thyroid
      carcinomas have a different characteristic.

PMID- 3410143
TI  - [A study on bone density in women during pregnancy and postpartum].
AB  - Although 25-30 grams of calcium is transported into the fetus during pregnancy,
      it is suggested that the maternal bone might be kept at the same density as in
      non-pregnant women by measuring serum or urinary calcium concentrations and
      calcium regulating hormones simultaneously (Ohara et al. Folia Endocrinol.,
      1986). In this study, the influence of pregnancy on the maternal bone was
      investigated by measuring the degree of bone density in the second metacarpal
      bone of pregnant or puerperal women in an X-ray picture using a microdensitometer
      and a computer (Microdensitometry method; MD method, Inoue et al., 1983). Among
      six indices provided by this method, d (bone marrow width) tended to increase,
      but MCI (Barnett's metacarpal index) tended to decrease toward late pregnancy.
      GSmin, GSmax and sigma GS/D were significantly lower in the third trimester of
      pregnancy than in the second trimester of pregnancy. The densitometric patterns
      were A in most of the pregnant and puerperal women, but one case with the pattern
      of AB and two cases with the pattern of B were found in the third trimester of
      pregnancy. The sum of the scores of the six indices, which were based on the
      severity of each index, was within 0-3 in pregnant or puerperal women though it
      tended to increase as pregnancy progressed. From these results, it was confirmed
      that maternal bone density was maintained within the normal limits throughout
      pregnancy and postpartum.

PMID- 3410145
TI  - [Studies on abnormalities of adrenal steroidogenesis in essential hypertension,
      primary aldosteronism and renovascular hypertension: responses of plasma steroids
      to angiotensin III].
AB  - In the present study, effects of angiotensin on the adrenal steroidogenesis were
      studied in essential hypertension, primary aldosteronism and renovascular
      hypertension (RVH). Angiotensin III(A III), an analogue of angiotensin II, was
      administered to 17 normal volunteers (9 male and 8 female), 44 patients with
      essential hypertension (EH) (15 with high renin; HREH, 15 with normal renin; NREH
      and 14 with low renin; LREH), 8 patients with primary aldosteronism (5 with
      adrenal adenoma; APA and 3 with bilateral adrenocortical hyperplasia; IHA) and 5
      patients with renovascular hypertension. In all the patients with hypertension
      and normal subjects, blood pressure (BP) and plasma concentrations of
      progesterone (P), corticosterone (B), aldosterone (Aldo), 17 alpha
      hydroxyprogesterone(17-OHP) and cortisol(F) were measured before and after
      intravenous administration of A III (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 10, 20 and 40 ng/kg/min, for
      15 min, respectively). 1) BP rose from 164 +/- 19/88 +/- 8 to 180 +/- 19/112 +/-
      10 mmHg [systolic BP(SBP); P less than 0.01, diastolic BP(DBP); P less than 0.01]
      in HREH, from 162 +/- 12/96 +/- 7 to 186 +/- 11/118 +/- 8 mmHg in NREH(SBP; P
      less than 0.01, DBP; P less than 0.01), 165 +/- 12/94 +/- 8 to 202 +/- 12/126 +/-
      9 mmHg in LREH(SBP; P less than 0.001, P less than 0.001) and 118 +/- 8/72 +/- 7
      mmHg to 136 +/- 11/88 +/- 8 mmHg in controls (SBP; P less than 0.01, DBP; P less
      than 0.01). The elevation in NREH and LREH was greater than that in HREH and
      controls. The elevations of BP both in APA and IHA were remarkably greater than
      that in controls and as similar as LREH(APA; 174 +/- 21/103 +/- 12 to 204 +/-
      18/136 +/- 8 mmHg, IHA; 176 +/- 10/104 +/- 4 to 206 +/- 17/138 +/- 10 mmHg). The
      elevation in RVH was similar to that in NREH(173 +/- 9/108 +/- 8 to 194 +/-
      13/132 +/- 10 mmHg). 2) Plasma P increased from 25.5 +/- 7.5 to 39.5 +/- 13.8
      ng/100 ml(P less than 0.001) in HREH, from 28.0 +/- 7.7 to 45.3 +/- 12.7 ng/100
      ml(P less than 0.001) in NREH, from 23.8 +/- 8.2 to 47.2 +/- 19.4 ng/100 ml(P
      less than 0.001) in LREH and 26.6 +/- 11.0 to 43.4 +/- 14.6 ng/100 ml in
      controls. The increment in HREH or NREH was similar to that in controls(P less
      than 0.1, respectively), whereas greater than controls in LREH(P less than
      0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3410147
TI  - Statement on physician advertising.

PMID- 3410148
TI  - Therapy of peptic ulcer disease: the doctor's dilemma.

PMID- 3410146
TI  - Open heart surgery for congenital heart defects: overview and review of the early
      experience at the Medical Center of Delaware.

PMID- 3410149
TI  - Where they stand: Bush and Dukakis on health and related topics.

PMID- 3410150
TI  - A survey of patients acceptability of diabetes education programmes in Italy.
AB  - When planning diabetes education programmes it would be useful to know in advance
      the patients' demands and expectations. To this purpose, a questionnaire was
      circulated throughout Italy. Eight hundred and forty-five forms were returned
      from 487 men and 358 women of age 49 +/- 18 (SD) residing in all regions of
      Italy. Fifty percent were on insulin, 37% on oral agents and 13% on diet only.
      Forty-seven percent believed they had a satisfactory knowledge of diabetes, 49%
      thought it fair or poor and 4% judged it non-existent. Such knowledge derived
      from diabetic clinics, mass media, specialized publications and family doctors.
      Only 11% had previously attended education programmes. The vast majority (83%)
      believed that better information would help to improve their diabetes care and
      were willing to attend education courses. Printed material and group learning
      were preferred to audiovisual aids and individual education. Doctors were
      preferred as teachers (83%) to other patients or paramedical staff. Patients were
      mostly interested in learning about complications (84%), diet (74%), control
      (63%), intercurrent illnesses (61%) and inheritance (59%). The least requested
      subjects were CSII (20%), the artificial pancreas (22%), insulin preparations
      (22%), pancreatic transplant (26%) and oral agents (31%).

PMID- 3410151
TI  - Four-year follow-up of retinal status and glycosylated haemoglobin in patients
      with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Retinal status and glycosylated hemoglobin (GHb) was followed in 32 patients with
      insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (18 females; age upon entering the study 26
      +/- 8 years; duration of diabetes 10 +/- 6 years; means +/- SD) during a total of
      136 patient-years, i.e. during 4.3 +/- 0.6 years per patient. Annual mean GHb
      (given in percent of the mean normal GHb) was calculated from 7 +/- 3
      determinations of GHb per patient-year. Fluorescein angiographs were performed at
      least once per patient-year, and retinal status was assessed by counting
      microaneurysms. Upon entering the study, early diabetic (background) retinopathy
      was present in 14 patients; at the end of the follow-up period, it was present in
      20 patients. Retinal status deteriorated in 4/42 patient-years with excellent
      metabolic control (annual mean GHb less than or equal to 125%), in 13/70 patient
      years with good control (annual mean GHb 126-150%) and in 8/24 patient-years with
      poor control (annual mean GHb greater than 150%). The incidence rate of retinal
      deterioration differed significantly between years with excellent control and
      years with poor control (X2 5.7, df = 1, p less than 0.05). It is concluded that
      excellent metabolic control within 14 +/- 6 years after onset of insulin
      dependent diabetes mellitus appears to be a protective factor against the
      development or progression of early diabetic retinopathy.

PMID- 3410152
TI  - Oleate metabolism and endogenous triacylglycerol hydrolysis in isolated
      hepatocytes from rats fed a high-fat diet.
AB  - In isolated hepatocytes of fat-fed rats, as compared to control fed animals, the
      cellular uptake of [1-14C] oleate and its oxidation to CO2 were similar but the
      incorporation of the label into water-soluble products (mainly ketone bodies) was
      increased by 36.6% whereas its esterification to triacylglycerols and
      phospholipids decreased by 36%. While endogenous ketogenesis was slightly but not
      significantly increased, ketone body synthesis from both 2 mM octanoate and 0.7
      mM oleate was stimulated two fold. Thus, in the fatfed rats the oxidative pathway
      is clearly activated whereas long chain fatty acids are preferentially channelled
      into the oxidation pathway at the expense of esterification. Yet, hepatocyte
      triacylglycerol content was 3-fold higher after fat-feeding. In this regard,
      lysosomal triacylglycerol lipase (EC 3.1.1.3) activity, in homogenates of
      hepatocytes was decreased by 32% (p less than 0.01). This findings suggest a
      lower breakdown of endogenous triacylglycerols, which, taken together with
      decreased secretion of VLDL lipoprotein triacylglycerol (Kalopissis et al.
      Biochem. J. 198: 373, 1981) and an in vivo increased fatty acid influx to the
      liver may contribute to the accumulation of lipids in the livers of fat-fed rats.

PMID- 3410153
TI  - Hypertension in obese and non-obese non-insulin dependent diabetics a matter of
      regional adiposity?
AB  - There is growing evidence that differences in fat distribution can be predictive
      for differences in the prevalence of metabolic disturbances, cardio-vascular
      disease, stroke and death, independent of commonly used indices of obesity. This
      study evaluates regional body fat distribution as a possible main reason for
      hypertension in obese and non-obese type II diabetics. 42% of normal weight
      diabetics with abdominal obesity are hypertensive versus 47% of obese diabetics;
      only 5% hypertension could be found when a lower body segment fat distribution is
      present. A significant (p less than 0.001) correlation exists between fat mass
      topography and both systolic (r = 0.49) and diastolic (r = 0.49) blood pressure.
      This correlation remains true after correction for body mass index and percent
      glycosylated hemoglobin. These results suggest that localization of fat in the
      upper body segment should be considered as a additive risk for hypertension.

PMID- 3410154
TI  - Evaluation of a breath operated powder inhaler.
AB  - A randomized, double-blind, double-dummy crossover study on 42 asthmatics was
      carried out to compare the single dose effects of salbutamol administered from
      the widely used metered dose inhaler and a breath operated system (Diskhaler).
      The bronchodilator response (change in forced expiratory volume in the first
      second) was almost identical for the two systems. The Diskhaler system however,
      since it is breath operated, obviates the need for hand-breath coordination.

PMID- 3410155
TI  - Development of cardiac beat rate in early chick embryos is regulated by regional
      cues.
AB  - The mesoderm of each of the paired lateral heart-forming regions (HFRs) in the
      stage 5-7 chick embryo includes prospective conus (pre-C), ventricle (pre-V), and
      sinoatrial (pre-SA) cells, arranged in a rostrocaudal sequence (C-V-SA). With
      microsurgery we divided each HFR into three rostrocaudally arranged segments.
      After 24 hr of further incubation, each segment differentiated into a
      spontaneously beating vesicle of heart tissue to form a multiheart embryo. The
      cardiac vesicles in these embryos expressed left-right and rostrocaudal beat rate
      gradients: the left caudal pre-SA mesoderm produced tissue with the fastest beat
      rate of the six while the rostral vesicle formed from right pre-C was the
      slowest. In another operation, we prevented the HFRs from fusing in the midline
      by cutting through the anterior intestinal portal at stage 8, to produce cardia
      bifida (CB) embryos with an independently beating half-heart on each side. In
      these cases, the left half-heart of 87.2% of CB embryos beat faster than the
      right, confirming the left-right difference in intrinsic beat rate. To assess
      whether the future beat rate of each region is already determined in the st 5-7
      HFR, we exchanged rectangular fragments of left pre-SA mesoderm and attached
      endoderm with right pre-C fragments to yield a left HFR with the sequence C-V-C
      and a right HFR with the sequence SA-V-SA. A CB operation was subsequently
      performed on these exchange embryos to prevent fusion of the lateral HFRs.
      Preconus mesoderm, transplanted to the pre-SA region, differentiated into tissue
      with a rapid beat rate, while pre-SA mesoderm relocated to the preconus region
      formed heart tissue with a slow spontaneous rate typical of the conus. In 73% of
      the exchange CB embryos, the left half-heart beat faster than the right, despite
      the origins of its mesoderm. The exchanged mesoderm developed a rate that was
      appropriate for its new location rather than the site of origin of the mesodermal
      fragment. In a third set of operations, we implanted a fragment of st 15
      differentiated conus tissue into a site lateral to the left caudal HFR in st 5,
      6, and 7 embryos, and subsequently performed CB operations on them. The implant
      caused the adjacent half-heart to develop with a slower beat rate than in
      unoperated or sham-operated controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3410156
TI  - Accumulation and decay of DG42 gene products follow a gradient pattern during
      Xenopus embryogenesis.
AB  - The DG42 gene is expressed during a short window during embryogenesis of Xenopus
      laevis. The mRNA for this gene can be first detected just after midblastula,
      peaks at late gastrula, and decays by the end of neurulation. The sequence of the
      DG42 cDNA and genomic DNA predicts a 70,000-Da protein that is not related to any
      other known protein. Antibodies prepared against portions of the DG42 open
      reading frame that had been expressed in bacteria detected a 70,000-Da protein in
      the embryo with a temporal course of appearance and decay that follows that of
      the RNA by several hours. Localization of the mRNA in dissected embryos and
      immunohistochemical detection of the protein showed that DG42 expression moves as
      a wave or gradient through the embryo. The RNA is first detected in the animal
      region of the blastula, and by early gastrula is found everywhere except in the
      outer layer of the dorsal blastopore lip. By midgastrula DG42 protein is present
      in the inner ectodermal layer and the endoderm; it disappears from dorsal
      ectoderm as the neural plate is induced and later decays in a dorsoventral
      direction. The last remnants of DG42 protein are seen in ventral regions of the
      gut at the tailbud stage.

PMID- 3410157
TI  - Synthesis and turnover of late H2B histone mRNA in developing embryos of the sea
      urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus.
AB  - In sea urchins, "early" histone proteins are synthesized during cleavage and
      blastula formation, "late" histone proteins in subsequent stages of development.
      To understand the molecular mechanisms responsible for this ontogenic switch in
      histone subtype synthesis, we determined the absolute amounts, rates of
      synthesis, and rates of turnover of late H2b histone mRNAs during development. We
      showed previously that late H2b mRNA comprises several mRNA isotypes. In this
      study, we used both a class-specific DNA probe to measure the amounts of the late
      H2b mRNA isotypes collectively, and a gene-specific probe to measure amounts of a
      particular late H2b mRNA encoded by a gene known as L1. We found that the amount
      of late H2b mRNA increased dramatically from 85,000 molecules per embryo in the
      16-hr blastula to a peak of 670,000 molecules per embryo in the 24-hr mesenchyme
      blastula, and fell to 380,000 molecules per embryo in the 72-hr pluteus larva.
      The L1 late H2b mRNA achieved its maximum abundance earlier than the late H2b
      mRNA class as a whole, reaching a peak of 34% of total late H2b in the 14-hr
      blastula and declining to 7% in the pluteus larva. Measurements of the rate of
      incorporation of [3H]uridine into late class H2b mRNA, performed by a novel in
      vivo isotope incorporation method, enabled us to calculate both synthesis rates
      and half-lives of late H2b mRNA during development. These calculations showed (1)
      that the increase in late H2b mRNA level between 16 and 24 hr postfertilization
      is regulated primarily if not entirely at the level of mRNA synthesis; and (2)
      that the half-life of late H2b mRNA is comparatively short, around 20 min, at all
      stages examined.

PMID- 3410158
TI  - Fundulus deep cells: directional migration in response to epithelial wounding.
AB  - During the normal embryogenesis of the killifish Fundulus heteroclitus deep cells
      migrate in an apparently random fashion throughout the subepithelial space of the
      yolk sac. These cells migrate by blebbing locomotion, and individual cells show
      tendencies for persistence in the directionality of their movement. Immediately
      after the wounding of the yolk sac epithelium (the enveloping layer), these deep
      cells reorient and migrate directionally toward the site of wound closure. This
      directional migration results in the aggregation of a large number of cells at
      the wound site. The response is both rapid and widespread; cells as far away as
      800 micron respond as quickly as those nearby, and by 100 min after wounding up
      to 90% of the blebbing deep cells within this radius have clustered about the
      wound site. Then, cells begin to disperse, and by 150 min after wounding, it is
      almost impossible to tell where the wound had been made. Because of the
      transparency of the Fundulus yolk sac, this phenomenon can be utilized as a model
      system for observing details of in vivo directional cell movements. Time-lapse
      video micrography has revealed that the modes, rates, and overall cell
      morphologies during locomotion are identical for cells migrating in both
      unwounded and wounded embryos. What is different in the wounded embryos is that a
      single directionality is imposed upon a large population of cells, resulting in
      aggregation. Several aspects of the aggregation phenomenon suggest that a
      possible attractant originating at the wound site may travel through the
      subepithelial space by diffusion.

PMID- 3410160
TI  - Development of myoplasm-enriched ascidian embryos.
AB  - The fertilized ascidian egg is thought to be comprised of distinct regions of
      tissue-specific cytoplasmic determinants. This idea was tested by bisecting
      fertilized eggs into egg fragments and culturing them until the unoperated
      controls developed into larvae. Fertilized eggs were bisected using a
      microsurgical method in which part of the uncleaved zygote was extruded through a
      hole made in the follicular envelope and the cytoplasmic bridge between the two
      egg regions was severed. One egg fragment contained all of the egg myoplasm
      (termed myoplasm-enriched or ME fragment), while the other fragment lacked
      myoplasm. ME fragments consisting of 40-50% of the total egg volume in many cases
      cleaved normally and developed into larvae. In a few cases, ME larvae initiated
      metamorphosis and developed into normal juveniles. Triton-extraction of ME
      embryos and larvae showed that the myoplasm was redistributed into nonmuscle
      lineage cells at each stage of development. Despite the redistribution of
      myoplasm into many of the endoderm cells situated in the head region of ME
      larvae, the expression of the muscle-specific enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AchE)
      and a muscle-specific antigen (Mu-2) was restricted to the tail muscle cells. The
      endoderm cells situated in the head region of ME larvae expressed an endoderm
      specific enzyme alkaline phosphatase (AP) as in the controls. Furthermore,
      cleavage-arrested four- and eight-cell ME embryos expressed AchE activity in the
      expected number of blastomeres. When a greater quantity of myoplasm was
      redistributed into cells that normally do not express AchE activity by producing
      10-30% ME embryos, in a few cases more than the expected number of blastomeres
      expressed AchE activity. In conclusion, the main finding of the present
      investigation, based on the development of ME fragments comprising 40-50% of the
      total egg volume, is that ascidian embryos are capable of regulative development.

PMID- 3410159
TI  - Characterization of the rabbit sperm membrane autoantigen, RSA, as a lectin-like
      zona binding protein.
AB  - Adhesion between spermatozoa and the egg's extracellular coat, the zona
      pellucida, involves the sperm's zona binding proteins (ZBP) and their interaction
      with the carbohydrate residues of the zona. To investigate this interaction in
      more detail, a purified nonenzymatic ZBP, the rabbit sperm membrane autoantigen,
      RSA, was used. RSA-zona binding was demonstrated on nitrocellulose blots and by
      using the Denny-Jaffe crosslinking reagent which identified an 87,000 molecular
      weight zona component as the ligand for RSA. The RSA-zona binding was of high
      affinity with a dissociation constant of 5.6 X 10(-13) M. Furthermore, the
      binding of capacitated spermatozoa to intact zona was inhibited in the presence
      of RSA. Characterization of the RSA-zona interaction with a variety of simple and
      complex carbohydrates indicated that the sulfated, complex carbohydrates
      fucoidin, dextran sulfate, chondroitin sulfate B, and heparin strongly inhibited
      RSA-zona binding while chondroitin sulfates A and C, cholesterol-3-sulfate, and
      monosaccharides such as galactose inhibited RSA-zona binding only weakly. It is
      concluded that RSA functions as a sperm lectin-like molecule to bind the
      spermatozoon to the zona pellucida.

PMID- 3410161
TI  - A ventrally localized inhibitor of melanization in Xenopus laevis skin.
AB  - Melanophores normally differentiate in dorsal but not in ventral skin of Xenopus
      laevis. We have sought factors which might regulate this differentiation pattern,
      and we have obtained a putative melanization inhibiting factor (MIF) from ventral
      but not from dorsal skin. Preliminary studies reveal that MIF is destroyed by
      heat or trypsin treatment, indicating its protein composition, and has a
      molecular weight in the range of 300 kDa. The effects of MIF on the
      differentiation of neural crest derivatives to melanophores were examined in
      vitro in the presence of tyrosine and fetal calf serum (FCS). Tyrosine enhances
      melanophore differentiation in vitro at concentrations equivalent to those
      estimated in adult Xenopus blood plasma (20 microM). FCS also stimulates
      melanization, by way of materials other than the tyrosine contained in FCS. MIF
      strongly inhibits outgrowth and melanization of neural crest cells from neural
      tube explants. MIF also inhibits the differentiation of melanoblasts contained in
      cultured explants of ventral skin. Inhibition of melanization or melanophore
      differentiation by MIF occurs even in the presence of L-tyrosine and/or FCS. We
      suggest that MIF plays an important role in the establishment of dorso-ventral
      pigment patterns in amphibia.

PMID- 3410162
TI  - Maternal-effect genes that alter the fate map of the Drosophila blastoderm
      embryo.
AB  - The pattern of segmentation in the Drosophila embryo is controlled by at least 25
      zygotically active genes and at least 20 maternally active genes. We have
      examined the pattern of expression of the protein product of the zygotically
      active segmentation gene fushi tarazu (ftz) at the cellular blastoderm stage in
      progeny of mutant females homozygous for each of six maternal-effect segmentation
      genes to observe the early effects of the maternal-effect genes on zygotic gene
      expression. The genes included exuperantia (a member of the anterior class of
      maternal-effect segmentation genes); staufen and vasa (members of the posterior
      class); and torso, trunk, and fs(1)N (members of the terminal class). Mutations
      in the genes caused a disruption of the normal pattern of ftz stripes in regions
      of the embryo where gene activity is known to be required. The ftz stripes
      provide a marker for segmental determination at the cellular blastoderm stage,
      making it possible to correlate aberrant patterns of ftz protein with defects in
      cuticle morphology at the end of embryogenesis. ftz protein expression in progeny
      of females mutant for combinations of the above genes was also examined. The
      changes in the ftz pattern in progeny of females doubly mutant for genes of the
      anterior and terminal classes or of the posterior and terminal classes can
      largely be understood as the result of the additive effects of the single
      mutations. In contrast, clearly nonadditive effects on the ftz pattern were seen
      when a mutation in a gene of the anterior class (exuperantia) was combined with
      mutations in posterior class genes.

PMID- 3410163
TI  - Early experience influences the development of bilateral asymmetry in a lobster
      motoneuron.
AB  - The development of functional asymmetry between a pair of homologous motoneurons
      of the claw closer muscles in lobsters, Homarus americanus, was studied. In
      juvenile lobsters, 3-5 years old, where the paired claws are highly specialized
      into a major (crusher) and minor (cutter) type, the fast closer excitor (FCE)
      motoneuron fired longer bursts of spikes in the crusher claw compared to those in
      its cutter counterpart. The intraburst impulse frequency was greater for the
      cutter FCE and its neuromuscular synapses showed greater facilitation at these
      high impulse frequencies compared to that of the crusher claw. However, such
      asymmetry in firing patterns and synaptic facilitation was absent in lobsters
      raised without a substrate and having paired cutter claws. In the earliest
      juvenile stage, synaptic facilitation was similar between the paired claws and
      then developed in either an asymmetric or symmetric manner depending on whether
      the lobsters experienced a substrate or not. In a substrate-free environment
      asymmetry could be produced by exercising one of the claws during development,
      implicating bilateral differences in the reflexive activity of the claws as a
      control mechanism.

PMID- 3410164
TI  - Charge selectivity of proteinuria in diabetic glomerulopathy.
AB  - Differential macromolecule clearances were used to elucidate the mechanism of
      proteinuria in patients with diabetic glomerulopathy. Uncharged dextrans of
      graded size, combined with albumin and IgG separated into narrow fractions of
      varying charge by preparative electrofocusing, were used to probe the filtration
      barrier. Analysis of the fractional clearance profile of dextrans in the 30- to
      60-A interval revealed a small fraction of filtrate volume (0.0023-0.0097)
      permeating large nonrestrictive glomerular pores and correlating strongly with
      the fractional clearances of albumin (r = .88, P less than .001) or IgG (r = .91,
      P less than .001). The fractional clearance of the most anionic species of
      albumin [isoelectric point (pI) 4.0-4.5] significantly exceeded that of less
      anionic species (pI 4.5-5.5) at all levels of proteinuria. A corresponding
      increase in fractional clearance of anionic (pI 4.5-5.0) over neutral (pI 7.0
      7.5) IgG species was observed in patients with subnephrotic-range proteinuria. We
      conclude that a loss of barrier size selectivity underlies proteinuria in
      diabetic glomerulopathy. In addition, either facilitated filtration of polyanions
      or preferential tubular reabsorption of polycations can be invoked to explain the
      final composition of urinary protein. Similar loss of size selectivity combined
      with enhanced fractional clearance of anionic IgG in a group of nondiabetic
      patients with nephrotic syndrome indicates that the foregoing abnormality of
      renal protein handling is not unique to diabetic glomerulopathy.

PMID- 3410165
TI  - Sequence and analysis of promoter region of human insulin-receptor gene.
AB  - The promoter region of the human insulin-receptor (HINSR) gene was isolated from
      a human chromosome 19 bacteriophage library. With S1 nuclease mapping and primer
      extension analysis, we identified multiple transcription-initiation sites.
      Dexamethasone, a known inducer of HINSR transcription, enhanced transcription of
      all major transcription-initiation sites. DNA sequence analysis indicated that
      the HINSR promoter has neither a TATA box nor a CAAT box. The HINSR promoter
      region contains six GGGCGG sequences that may be binding sites for the
      transcription factor Sp1. In addition, there were three TCCC sequences that were
      putative promoter regulatory regions. The HINSR gene promoter has structural
      similarity to the epidermal growth factor receptor gene promoter and has some
      features of the promoter of the meglutol (hydroxymethylglutaryl, HMG) CoA
      reductase gene and the early promoter of simian virus 40.

PMID- 3410166
TI  - Effect of hyperglycemia on pain perception and on efficacy of morphine analgesia
      in rats.
AB  - The effect exerted by different hyperglycemic states on the pain threshold and on
      the analgesic potential of morphine was studied in male Sabra rats with the hot
      plate device. Hyperglycemia induced by an intraperitoneal injection of 0.014
      mol/kg glucose or an acute or chronic diabetic state induced by streptozocin
      injection did not significantly alter the pain threshold. However, states of
      acute and chronic diabetes markedly blunted the analgesic effect of morphine (5
      mg/kg). Sabra rats maintained on a cocktail of glucose-saccharin, thought to
      activate the release of endogenous opioids, demonstrated an increased pain
      threshold and rapidly developed resistance to the analgesic effect of morphine.
      Previous studies have shown that glucose in high concentration may interfere with
      the interaction of morphine on the opiate receptor. The influence of the diabetic
      state on beta-endorphin synthesis and concentration in the central nervous system
      is another factor that might change pain perception in diabetes. We propose that
      in diabetes, generally, the pain threshold is adequately maintained, despite the
      antagonistic effect of glucose, partly due to a compensatory increased secretion
      of endogenous opioid peptides. We hypothesize that in patients with chronic
      painful diabetic neuropathy, these normal analgesic response mechanisms may be
      overwhelmed either by an excess of nociceptive impulses from diseased peripheral
      nerves or conceivably by a failure of endogenous opioid secretory response to the
      hyperglycemia.

PMID- 3410167
TI  - Gastric cytoprotection by tetraprenylacetone in human subjects.
AB  - We assessed the inhibition by tetraprenylacetone (TPA) of gastric mucosal damage
      caused by ethanol in human subjects. Seventeen healthy volunteers were given
      either TPA (a 50-mg capsule) or a placebo 3 times daily for 5 days. Then, 20 ml
      of 70% ethanol were sprayed onto the gastric antrum and 15 min later, visible
      mucosal lesions were evaluated with an endoscope, and biopsy specimens were taken
      from mucosa that looked normal but had been sprayed with ethanol. The specimens
      were observed by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The gross
      mucosal damage was significantly less (p less than 0.05) in the subjects given
      TPA than in those given the placebo. Hyperemia and hemorrhage in the mucosa and
      surface epithelial damage were also significantly less (p less than 0.05) in the
      subjects given TPA. The results suggested that TPA protects the gastric mucosa
      from damage by ethanol as judged not only by the gross appearance of the mucosa
      but also by microscopic observation.

PMID- 3410168
TI  - Induction of chronic arthritis in rats by cell wall fragments of anaerobic
      coccoid rods isolated from the faecal flora of patients with Crohn's disease.
AB  - Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are accompanied by seronegative arthritis
      in about one fifth of the cases. In the present study, cell wall fragments from
      major residents such as Eubacterium, Coprococcus and Peptostreptococcus species,
      isolated from the faecal flora of patients with Crohn's disease, were tested for
      properties to induce chronic arthritis in Lewis rats. Cell wall fragments from
      Eubacterium contortum strains Me44 and Me47 were found to induce chronic
      arthritis; Peptostreptococcus productus strain C 18 cell wall fragments induced
      acute self-limiting arthritis. Coprococcus comes strain Me46 cell walls, on the
      other hand, were found to be lethal to the majority of rats inoculated, whereas
      those which survived did not develop acute or chronic arthritis. The results
      indicate that intraperitoneal injection of a single dose of cell wall fragments
      from bacteria that are major residents of the human anaerobic faecal flora can
      induce chronic inflammatory joint disease in the rat.

PMID- 3410169
TI  - Long-term omeprazole treatment in man: effects on gastric endocrine cell
      populations.
AB  - 36 patients with chronic gastric or oesophageal peptic ulceration (including 6
      with antrectomy), resistant to high-dose ranitidine treatment for at least 3
      months, were successfully treated with 40-60 mg of omeprazole daily for periods
      between 1 and 2 years. Fasting serum gastrin levels were monitored at regular
      intervals during therapy and multiple gastric mucosal biopsies were taken during
      gastroscopy every 3-6 months. Gastrin levels increased significantly during the
      first 6 months of therapy from a medium level of 81.5 to 206 pg/ml, a slight
      decrease was seen thereafter. In 10 patients investigated before the start of the
      treatment and after 1 and 2 years, the volume density of argyrophilic cells in
      the oxyntic mucosa increased from 0.43 +/- 0.08 to 0.91 +/- 0.14% during the
      first year; this change was statistically significant. No further increase was
      observed thereafter. No such difference could be demonstrated between a larger
      group of 18 patients investigated before and after 1 year of treatment with
      omeprazole (0.806 +/- 0.1 vs. 0.93 +/- 0.08%) and between a larger group of 22
      untreated patients and 17 patients treated for 17-24 months with omeprazole (0.73
      +/- 0.1 vs. 0.86 +/- 0.09%). The volume density of argyrophilic cells found in 8
      patients with gastrinoma amounted to 1.37 +/- 0.22%. No clusters of endocrine
      cells were found in omeprazole-treated patients. The D cell volume density in the
      antral mucosa decreased significantly during the first months of treatment, but
      steadily increased thereafter to reach pretreatment values after 17 months. There
      was no change in G cell volume density under therapy. No changes in gastrin
      levels or oxyntic argyrophilic cells were observed in the antrectomized patients.
      It is concluded that the hyperplasia of argyrophilic cells observed in some
      patients during long-term omeprazole treatment is mediated by hypergastrinaemia.

PMID- 3410170
TI  - Therapy with omeprazole in patients with peptic ulcerations resistant to extended
      high-dose ranitidine treatment.
AB  - 94 patients with peptic ulcerations of duodenum, stomach, and esophagus, who did
      not respond to 3 or more months high-dose (450 or 600 mg) treatment with
      ranitidine, were treated orally with 40 mg omeprazole daily. After healing all
      patients were offered long-term maintenance therapy with the same dose for 5
      years. In 75 patients the peptic ulcerations healed within 4 weeks, in 13
      patients within 8 weeks, and in 3 patients only after an increase to 60 mg
      omeprazole daily. In 3 patients the ulcers did not heal. So far 83 patients have
      entered long-term maintenance therapy. 59 of these patients are on the drug
      between 1 and 4 years. During maintenance therapy with 40 mg omeprazole no
      relapses have occurred up to now as demonstrated by endoscopy and no drug-related
      adverse effects were observed. Routine laboratory tests remained without
      significant changes in all patients including 18 patients with concomitant liver
      cirrhosis. Serum gastrin levels were already elevated during the initial high
      dose ranitidine treatment (106 +/- 15.4 pg/ml). 4 weeks after the start of
      omeprazole treatment serum gastrin levels rose to 4 times normal levels (195 +/-
      28 pg/ml). Thereafter, no further increase in serum gastrin was observed even up
      to 4 years of continuous observation. It is therefore concluded that omeprazole
      is highly effective in healing ranitidine-resistant peptic ulcerations and that
      omeprazole maintenance therapy with 40 mg omeprazole is safe during the time
      observed and highly effective in the prevention of ulcer recurrence.

PMID- 3410172
TI  - EPC. European Pancreatic Club, XXth meeting. Budapest, August 27-31, 1988.
      Abstracts.

PMID- 3410171
TI  - Effects of omeprazole and ranitidine on gastric acid secretion, blood gastrin
      levels and [3H]-thymidine incorporation in the oxyntic mucosa from dogs and rats.
AB  - Dogs provided with a gastric fistula were treated orally for 1 week either with
      the H+, K+-ATPase inhibitor omeprazole, 80 mumol/kg once daily, or with the
      histamine H2 receptor antagonist ranitidine, 85-175 mumol/kg every 8 h. Acid
      secretion, serum gastrin levels and [3H]-thymidine incorporation in the corpus
      mucosa were determined before, during and after the treatment period. In order to
      examine differences between species, plasma gastrin levels and [3H]-thymidine
      incorporation in the oxyntic mucosa were also determined in female rats treated
      up to 1 week with omeprazole, 400 mumol/kg orally once daily. Histamine
      stimulated gastric acid secretion in dogs treated with omeprazole or ranitidine
      was almost completely inhibited during the whole treatment period. As a
      consequence of that, the meal-stimulated gastrin levels were increased (7-fold)
      during treatment by both compounds. [3H]-thymidine incorporation in the dog
      corpus mucosa was increased approximately 4 times on day 5 both with omeprazole
      and ranitidine. After the treatment was stopped, gastric acid secretion, serum
      levels of gastrin and the rate of [3H]-thymidine incorporation were back to
      control level in both groups within 11 days. In the rats, the plasma gastrin
      levels increased 10-fold and the rate of [3H]-thymidine incorporation in the
      corpus mucosa increased 3-fold during treatment with omeprazole. In conclusion, a
      pronounced suppression of gastric acid secretion over the day with
      antisecretagogues results in hypergastrinemia in both dogs and rats. As a
      consequence of the trophic effect of gastrin, the incorporation of [3H]-thymidine
      in the oxyntic mucosa is increased.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3410174
TI  - New hearing aid users' perception of the "hearing aid effect".
AB  - The negative attitude elicited by the presence of a hearing aid has been termed
      the "hearing aid effect." The purpose of this study was to examine the negative
      reactions associated with hearing aids among new hearing aid users themselves and
      their perception of the hearing aid effect in their immediate environment. This
      was accomplished through a questionnaire completed just prior to hearing aid
      fitting and again 6 months after initial use of amplification. The responses to
      the questionnaires were compared between individuals who had chosen either in the
      ear or behind the ear type hearing aids, and between those using either monaural
      or binaural instruments. The effect of age on the data was also examined. The
      results indicated that the hearing aid effect was not expected or perceived very
      widely among these subjects, as only about 10% of them reported sensing negative
      attitudes to the use of hearing aids. Positive responses to the benefits of
      hearing aid use from other people often fell short of expectations.

PMID- 3410173
TI  - Insertion gain measured with three probe tube systems.
AB  - The study consisted of two experiments on the insertion gain measured with probe
      tube microphones. In experiment I, the insertion gain of the same mild gain
      hearing aid was measured twice on 12 subjects using three commercially available
      probe tube systems. Test-retest measurements were made by two different
      examiners. Mean test-retest differences were all less than 4 dB with 95% critical
      differences for these measures varying from approximately 3 to 8 dB depending
      upon the test system used. In experiment II, the three sets of probe tube
      measures of insertion gain were compared to behaviorally measured functional gain
      in 7 hearing-impaired subjects at several frequencies. There were no significant
      differences among the probe tube measures of insertion gain or between these
      measures and functional gain. Functional gain was significantly correlated with
      probe tube insertion gain for each device at frequencies from 500 through 4000
      Hz.

PMID- 3410175
TI  - Acoustic effects in in-the-ear hearing aid response: results from a computer
      simulation.
AB  - The response of a hearing aid depends on the design of the instrument and on the
      characteristics of the individual ear. In this paper a computer simulation of an
      in the ear (ITE) hearing aid is used to determine the effects on the hearing aid
      response caused by variations in the size of the ear canal, the magnitude of the
      eardrum impedance, and the vent size and damping. The simulation results indicate
      that, for an unvented hearing aid, changes in the size of the ear canal or the
      eardrum impedance shift the average sound pressure level at the eardrum but have
      relatively small effects on the overall shape of the frequency response. A vented
      instrument presents a more complicated situation since the vent modifies the low
      frequency response in a predictable manner but can have unexpectedly pronounced
      effects at high frequencies due to the acoustic feedback.

PMID- 3410176
TI  - Loudness discomfort levels in children.
AB  - Loudness discomfort levels (LDLs) traditionally have been used to set the
      saturation sound pressure level (SSPL) or maximum output of a hearing aid. Many
      procedures have been used to obtain LDLs for adults; however, no systematic study
      has been conducted to determine if LDLs could be obtained reliably for children.
      In the present study, LDLs were measured on 20 hearing-impaired children aged 7
      to 14 years using a modification of a procedure described by Hawkins, Walden,
      Montgomery, and Prosek (Ear Hear 1987; 8: 162-169). Test-retest reliability
      measures were obtained for 8 of the 20 children, and this modified procedure was
      found to provide reasonably reliable results. Data from the group of 20 children
      also were compared with similar data obtained from 20 hearing-impaired adults.
      These results revealed no systematic differences in LDLs between the two groups,
      suggesting no a priori reason to limit the maximum output of a hearing aid for a
      child in this age range below the levels that are appropriate for adults. Poor
      correlation between LDLs and hearing levels for both age groups indicate a need
      for determining LDLs on an individual basis whenever possible.

PMID- 3410177
TI  - Auditory brain stem responses from graduates of an intensive care nursery using
      an insert earphone.
AB  - Auditory brain stem responses (ABR) were measured from graduates of an intensive
      care nursery using an insert earphone. Approximately 95% of all ears had click
      evoked ABR thresholds of 30 dB nHL or less. Absolute latencies of waves I and V
      were within the range observed for a circumaural earphone, once the delay
      introduced by the insert earphone's sound delivery tube was taken into account.
      Finally, interpeak latency differences and interaural symmetry were comparable to
      values observed when a similar group of patients were tested with a circumaural
      earphone.

PMID- 3410179
TI  - Viewing the audiogram through a mathematical model.
AB  - In an effort to better quantify audiometric results, audiograms were modeled with
      a hyperbolic tangent function of the form: t = a tanh [(f-c)/b] + d, where t =
      threshold and f = frequency. The parameters, a, b, c, and d, were determined for
      a specific audiogram via a least-squares nonlinear curve fitting technique. The
      parameters describe salient features of the audiogram. The point (c,d) is the
      midpoint of the sloping portion of the audiogram, while a and b describe the
      slope. Other features of the configuration can be described by combinations of
      the parameters. This approach quantifies the entire audiogram and allows simple
      correlations of routinely gathered clinical data. To demonstrate the application
      of the model, a small data set of 500 Hz ABR and behavioral thresholds recorded
      from 28 ears (23 subjects) was analyzed. The model showed that agreement between
      the thresholds varied with audiometric configuration.

PMID- 3410178
TI  - Neuromagnetic responses from a deaf subject to stimuli presented through a
      multichannel cochlear prosthesis.
AB  - Neuromagnetic responses to stimuli presented through a 4-channel cochlear
      prosthesis were recorded from a deaf subject. The topography of the responses
      agreed with activation of the supratemporal auditory cortex. The responses to
      tone pips, noise/square-wave sequences, and to intermittent frequency modulation
      of a continuous tone resembled those obtained from subjects with normal hearing,
      being consistent with the good performance of this subject with his implant.

PMID- 3410180
TI  - [The fine spectral structure of the EEG alpha band during sensorimotor behavior].

PMID- 3410181
TI  - [Characteristics of functional brain asymmetry in subjects with positive and
      negative coefficients of the right ear].

PMID- 3410182
TI  - [Amplitude-frequency characteristics of myogenic potentials recorded by
      electrocochleography].

PMID- 3410183
TI  - [Hemispheric specialization in identifying noisy visual stimuli in the procedure
      of the "yes-no" method].

PMID- 3410184
TI  - [Spatial organization of elements identifiable during visual stimulus detection
      and recognition].

PMID- 3410185
TI  - [Effect of supplementary respiratory resistance on self-evaluation of the
      inspiratory force].

PMID- 3410186
TI  - [Effect of movements across latitudes on human heat exchange indices].

PMID- 3410188
TI  - [Development of energy support for muscle activity in adolescents].

PMID- 3410187
TI  - [Functional characteristics of the segmental apparatus of the human spinal cord
      in different forms of disordered descending control].

PMID- 3410189
TI  - [Carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and their hormonal regulation during repeated
      performance of maximum high-intensity work].

PMID- 3410190
TI  - [Interaction of motor and autonomic functions during physical loads].

PMID- 3410191
TI  - [Increase in circulating blood volume as a factor in raising aerobic endurance].

PMID- 3410192
TI  - [Spatial synchronization of brain bioelectrical activity in a state of
      intellectual activity].

PMID- 3410193
TI  - [The wave structure of cardiac rhythm in healthy children].

PMID- 3410194
TI  - [Expiration of an endogenous aerosol in young smokers].

PMID- 3410195
TI  - [Dynamic changes in the blood reticulocyte count during prolonged stressed muscle
      work].

PMID- 3410196
TI  - [A method of EEG analysis for research on the dynamic function of the CNS during
      a given activity].

PMID- 3410197
TI  - [Approaches to research on the properties regulating the electrical conductivity
      of the skin in acupuncture point systems].

PMID- 3410198
TI  - New methods for rapid separation and detection of oligosaccharides from
      glycoproteins.
AB  - Ion exchange chromatography at high pH with pulsed amperometric detection of the
      eluted glycans permitted resolution of the eight major components in the mixture
      of asparagine-linked glycans derived from the single glycosylation site of
      ovalbumin. The individual glycans were first partially separated according to
      size, and were characterized by fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry and
      specific enzymatic degradation with beta-galactosidase and endoglycosidase H;
      subnanomolar quantities of all eight components could subsequently be
      unequivocally identified in the elution diagram. To ascertain that the
      chromatographic separation of the ovalbumin glycan mixture was not restricted to
      the asparagine-linked glycans, it was established that the corresponding mixture
      of reducing oligosaccharides (asparagine removed) or Asn-oligosaccharides blocked
      at the alpha-amino group with biotin gave very similar resolution of the eight
      glycans. In the absence of pure reference compounds, the quantification of the
      different glycans by the amperometric detection system was evaluated by comparing
      the electrochemical signal to the molecular ion peak intensity in the mass
      spectrometer. With one exception, the two methods were in good agreement, which
      suggests that the amperometric detection system yields a valid quantitative
      estimate for most of these chemically related compounds.

PMID- 3410199
TI  - [Evolution and the median- and long-term prognosis of reentry supraventricular
      tachycardias in children].
AB  - We have evaluated 37 children with reentrant supraventricular tachycardia and
      followed them up for 3.9 +/- 2.7 years. Our 37 patients ranged in age from 1 day
      to 15 years (mean 4.6 +/- 4 years). When supraventricular tachycardia (SVT)
      began, 14 patients were less than 1 year old (Group A), and 23 were more than 1
      year old (Group B). Cardiac heart disease occurred in 6 children, and Wolff
      Parkinson-White syndrome was present in 7 children. After the initial episodes of
      SVT had been converted, chronic therapy was begun in 87% of cases (A 100%, B 78%)
      and continued for at least 12 months. During follow-up, therapy was discontinued
      with good results in 51% of patients (A 79%, B 39%). Recurrences were observed in
      19% of cases (A 14%, B 22%), and WPW syndrome was a predisposing factor. Among
      those patients who were treated, none of the drug regimens used, proved
      significantly better in preventing recurrence. IN CONCLUSION: the long-term
      prognosis of SVT is better in Group A than in B. In Group A it is possible to
      discontinue therapy in most cases; on the contrary in Group B chronic treatment
      is often necessary. In this group it is important to evaluate if and how the side
      effects of the drugs can change the long-term prognosis of these patients.

PMID- 3410200
TI  - Primary pulmonary hypertension: an Italian multicenter study. A retrospective
      epidemiological survey in the period 1975-1985.
AB  - An epidemiological retrospective survey on primary pulmonary hypertension was
      undertaken in Italy in 1985-6. The aim of the study was to obtain clinical and
      laboratory data on patients observed in the major cardiological Institutions,
      both Universities and Hospital Clinical Centers, in the period 1975-85. Forms
      were sent to 67 centers and twenty-three of them communicated their data on 124
      cases of primary pulmonary hypertension. The diagnosis was considered certain or
      probable in 91 patients by the referring center. The mean age of patients was
      38.5 years, with an overall female-to-male ratio of 2:1. Data were subjected to
      statistical analysis which confirmed the poor prognosis of the disease
      particularly for patients with high pulmonary resistances, low cardiac output and
      in class 3-4 of the NYHA. Half of the 124 cases were treated with calcium
      antagonists after 1980, but the results of therapy in modifying the clinical
      course of the disease could not be assessed by the study. Like all retrospective
      studies even the Italian Multicenter Study is biased but it can be considered as
      an useful preliminary investigation which can form the basis for a prospective
      registry of primary pulmonary hypertension cases.

PMID- 3410201
TI  - [Doppler echocardiography in assessing mechanical and biological heart valve
      prostheses].
AB  - The study was performed to assess Doppler echocardiographic features of mitral
      and aortic prosthetic valves of different types with both normal and abnormal
      function. Two hundred and twenty-three patients with 250 prostheses were studied.
      Two hundred eight valves (111 mitral, 95 aortic and 2 tricuspid) were considered
      to be functioning normally after clinical examination, phonocardiography and M
      mode and 2D echocardiography. This group enabled us to define normal Doppler
      echocardiographic findings for different types of prosthesis. In mitral position,
      peak (p) and mean (m) gradients were lower for disc prostheses and higher for
      ball and biological prosthetic valves; values of effective orifice area (A),
      calculated by pressure half-time method, were lower for biological and ball
      prostheses and higher in disc valves. Results were as follows: St. Jude (p 10.6
      mmHg, m 3.9 mmHg, A 2.7 cm2), Duromedics (p 10.6, m 4.3, A 2.8), Bjork-Shiley (p
      10.4, m 4, A 2.3), Omniscience (p 14.2, m 6.2, A 2.1), Starr-Edwards (p 15.9, m
      5.4, A 2.1), Hancock (p 14.7, m 6, A 2), Carpentier (p 13.2, m 5.4, A 1.9). Mild
      regurgitation, considered "physiological", was found in 2/8 Carpentier valves and
      in 3/34 St. Jude prostheses. In aortic valves lower peak gradients were found in
      Lillehei (18.3 mmHg), St. Jude (23.8 mmHg), Bjork-Shiley (26 mmHg), Duromedics
      (27 mmHg) and higher values in Starr-Edwards (30.2 mmHg), Hancock (30 mmHg) and
      Omniscience (35.5 mmHg) prostheses. Mild regurgitation, considered
      "physiological", was found in 17% of Omniscience valves, 21% of Hancock, 33% of
      Duromedics, 45% of St. Jude, 60% of Bjork-Shiley prostheses. Hancock mitral
      valves implanted for over 7 years had a mean gradient higher than valves with a
      shorter period of implantation (7.6 vs 4.85 mmHg, p less than 0.1), whereas the
      effective orifice area was similar. Hancock aortic valves implanted for over 7
      years had a peak gradient slightly higher than the other group (implantation less
      than 7 years previously), but the difference was not statistically significant.
      Forty-two valves (19 aortic and 23 mitral) were considered to be malfunctioning.
      Regurgitation Doppler signals of malfunctioning valves appeared different from
      those of "physiological" reverse flow; in the former cases forward gradient was
      higher than normal prostheses. In stenotic aortic prostheses, peak systolic
      gradient was greatly increased; in stenotic mitral prostheses, a very significant
      increase in mean gradient and a great decrease in effective orifice area were
      found. In 14 patients who underwent surgical re-operation and in the patient who
      died before operation, Doppler echocardiographic findings were
      confirmed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3410203
TI  - [Origin of the right pulmonary branch from the ascending aorta].
AB  - The AA report a case of newborn admitted to the hospital at the age of 12 days
      because of severe congestive heart failure, with electrocardiographical and
      radiological findings of right ventricular overload and increased pulmonary blood
      flow. Cardiac catheterization showed the origin of the right pulmonary artery
      from the ascending aorta in the presence of an intact ventricular septum.
      Surgical repair was performed on an emergency basis by deconnecting the anomalous
      right pulmonary artery from the aorta and reattaching it to the main pulmonary
      artery. Postoperative angiographic study, performed 12 months later, revealed
      excellent anatomical and functional result.

PMID- 3410202
TI  - [Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the aorta. The surgical
      implications in a case].
AB  - A case of high take-off of the left coronary artery from the aorta in a patient
      with a large ventricular septal defect (VSD) is described. The preoperative
      detection of this coronary anomaly, enabled the surgeon to modify the technique
      of aortic cannulation in such a way that the anomalous left coronary artery could
      be adequately perfused with the cardioplegic solution. Furthermore, injury to the
      coronary artery during the operative procedure was carefully avoided by knowing
      the exact location and course of the left main coronary trunk, from the
      angiographic pictures. Other unfavorable pathophysiologic consequences of this
      anomaly may derive from the acute angle of origin of the coronary ostium relative
      to the aortic wall. This could limit coronary blood flow especially during
      exercise. It seems, therefore, reasonable to moderately restrict the physical
      activity of such individuals and to advise regular cardiological follow-up.

PMID- 3410205
TI  - [Ventricular fibrillation induced by transesophageal stimulation performed for
      the treatment of atrial flutter].
AB  - The authors describe a case of ventricular fibrillation occasionally induced by
      high rate transesophageal pacing, performed to treat an atrial flutter. They
      conclude that, although this technique is generally safe and well tolerated, it
      must be performed exclusively where an intensive care can be provided.

PMID- 3410204
TI  - [Percutaneous pulmonary valvuloplasty in adults. An immediate evaluation and
      follow-up of 3 cases].
AB  - The immediate and late results of percutaneous pulmonary valvuloplasty in three
      symptomatic adult patients (21, 38 and 45 years) with severe pulmonary valve
      stenosis are reported. The right ventricle-pulmonary artery gradient fell from
      135 mmHg to 50 mmHg in patient n. 1, from 124 mmHg to 95 mmHg in patient n. 2 and
      from 132 mmHg to 27 mmHg in patient n. 3. Six months later a further hemodynamic
      study showed a further reduction in the gradient in patient n. 1 and n. 2 (28 and
      33 mmHg). A year and half after of clinical follow-up symptomatic improvement is
      still present without any clinical or echo-Doppler signs of restenosis. In
      conclusion, percutaneous pulmonary valvuloplasty is a simple and safe procedure
      for severe pulmonary valve stenosis even in adults with immediate and long-term
      good results.

PMID- 3410206
TI  - [Incidence of aortic recoarctation in 161 patients after a mean follow-up of 8
      years. The usefulness of pressure gradient measurement at rest and following
      exercise and of digital angiography].
AB  - The incidence of aortic recoarctation has been evaluated after a mean follow-up
      period of 8.2 years in 161 patients aged from 2 to 54 years at the time of the
      operation. To this aim, blood pressure levels in the upper and lower limbs were
      measured at rest and after bicycle ergometer exercise. Patients whose systolic
      pressure gradient was significant (either above 20 mmHg at rest or 35 mmHg after
      exercise) underwent aortic digital angiography. Aortic coarctation was diagnosed
      when the ratio of the aortic area at the site of the operation was less than 40%
      of that at diaphragmatic level (Frederiksen's index III). Thus the overall
      incidence of recoarctation was 10.1%. All patients with a significant gradient at
      rest also showed a significant gradient after exercise. This suggests that it is
      worthwhile performing digital angiography directly, without exercise testing, in
      these patients. However, 39.8% of the patients without significant rest gradients
      displayed a significant gradient after exercise. On the whole, only 21.4% of the
      patients with a significant gradient after exercise had signs of recoarctation on
      digital angiography.

PMID- 3410207
TI  - [Coronary angiographic study of patients with non-Q myocardial infarct:
      correlations with the initial electrocardiographic aspect and prognosis].
AB  - The purpose of our study was to evaluate, during the early phase, the coronary
      anatomy of the patients who suffered from an acute non-Q myocardial infarction
      (non-Q MI) and to correlate it with the ECG findings and with clinical evolution.
      We studied 76 patients (pts.), mean age 56 +/- 9 years, who had their a first non
      Q MI (reinfarctions non included). They all underwent angiographic examination
      within an average period of 18 days (range 5-30 days). In the whole group of
      patients it is worthwhile noting: A) the elevated occurrence of left main lesions
      (11% of pts.) and multivessel disease (60%); B) the great percentage (41%) of
      patients with open infarct-related vessel but with very critical residual
      stenosis (above 90% of total lumen); C) the presence of collateral vessels in
      almost all the pts. (91%) with totally occluded infarct-related artery. During
      the 12 month follow-up, in all groups was a high occurrence (above 70%) of
      coronary events (postinfarction angina, reinfarction, aortocoronary by pass or
      PTCA). Furthermore, it is possible to identify a subgroup of patients presenting
      ST-segment depression with very unfavourable coronary anatomy (80% had
      multivessel disease, 30% of which had a left main critical stenosis) and high
      prognostic risk (90% occurrence of coronary events). In the subgroup with ST
      segment elevation there was an elevated percentage (65%) of open infarct-related
      vessel, but with an important residual stenosis. Considering the advantages of
      revascularization interventions in these high risk patients with extensive
      residual jeopardized myocardium, we conclude that it is important that all
      patients with non-Q MI undergo early coronary angiography.

PMID- 3410208
TI  - [Angina of effort with a variable threshold: a unique entity due to different
      mechanisms?].
AB  - Variable threshold during exertion is a common feature in patients with chronic
      exertional angina. Changes in coronary vasomotor tone, when occurring at sites of
      critical narrowings, are a plausible explanation for variability of symptoms in
      these patients. However, the evidence supporting this hypothesis is still
      uncertain. Accordingly, we performed four computer assisted, multistage bicycle
      ergometer tests, without drugs, in 30 patients with chronic exertional angina,
      exercise induced ST depression, and a history of variable anginal threshold
      during exertion. Significant coronary artery disease was documented in each case
      by coronary arteriography. Patients were tested at the same time of day within a
      two week period. Comparison was made between each single test and the average of
      the remaining three. Time to 0.1 mV ST depression showed significant (+/- 20%)
      changes in 27 (90%) patients. Variability was shown in two out of four tests in
      25 patients (83%), in three tests in 10 (33%), and in four tests in 2 (7%). Rate
      pressure product at 0.1 mV ST depression was concurrently changed (+/- 20%) in 20
      patients (67%). Variability in two, three and four tests was observed in 7 (22%),
      2 (7%) and 2 (7%) patients, respectively. Changes in time to 0.1 mV ST depression
      paralleled those in rate-pressure product at the onset of ischemia in 6 patients
      (22%) (dynamic ischemic threshold). Rate pressure product at 0.1 mV ST depression
      was unchanged despite variations in time to 0.1 mV ST depression in 10 patients
      (37%) (fixed ischemic threshold). The remaining 11 patients (41%) showed variable
      exercise tolerance associated with fixed (13 tests) and dynamic (13 tests)
      ischemic threshold.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3410209
TI  - AMA proposes new health care worker.

PMID- 3410210
TI  - Informed consent--how a right becomes a law.

PMID- 3410212
TI  - Nursing summit mounts initiatives to resolve nursing shortage.

PMID- 3410211
TI  - Informed consent--what nurses should know about it.

PMID- 3410213
TI  - Primary culture of the enteric nervous system from neonatal hamster intestine.
      Selection of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-containing neurons.
AB  - The enteric nervous system is a major division of the autonomic nervous system
      and is responsible for the regulation of gastrointestinal function. The objective
      of the present study was to develop a simple and effective technique for
      isolating and culturing neurons of the enteric nervous system that would permit
      characterization of their development and regulatory peptide content. This was
      accomplished using a dispersed intestinal cell preparation cultured under
      conditions designed to support the growth and differentiation of neurons and
      neuroendocrine cells. Newborn hamster intestine was digested in 0.1% collagenase,
      mechanically dispersed, and cultured in RPMI 1640 supplemented with 2.5% serum
      and other additives. Phase and bright-field microscopy demonstrated neuronal
      cells and fibers after the second day in culture. This was confirmed by
      immunohistochemistry using antibodies directed against neurofilament and
      vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. Acetic acid extracts of the culture indicated
      that during the first 4 days of the culture the content of vasoactive intestinal
      polypeptide increased, whereas the content of substance P, mammalian bombesin,
      and neurotensin declined. High-performance liquid chromatography and fast protein
      liquid chromatography confirmed that the immunoreactive vasoactive intestinal
      polypeptide coeluted with synthetic and iodinated forms of the peptide. This
      study describes a technique for primary culture of intestinal tissue that
      supports the survival of enteric neurons and permits analysis of the development
      and synthetic and secretory characteristics of the enteric nervous system.

PMID- 3410214
TI  - Proenkephalin A-derived peptides in the human gut.
AB  - The intramural distribution of the proenkephalin A-derived peptides Leu5
      enkephalin, Met5-enkephalin, Met5-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7, and Met5-enkephalin-Arg6
      Gly7-Leu8 was studied throughout the human gastrointestinal tract. A parallel
      distribution was found of Leu5/Met5-enkephalin, measured with a Leu5-enkephalin
      antiserum that cross-reacts about 30% with Met5-enkephalin, and of Met5
      enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7-immunoreactivity and Met5-enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8
      immunoreactivity. In each case, high tissue concentrations were present in the
      submucosa and muscularis corresponding to the pyloric sphincter. Taking all
      different regions together, a high correlation was revealed between tissue levels
      of Leu5/Met5-enkephalinlike peptides and Met5-enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8-like
      peptides (r = 0.89), as well as between Met5-enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8-like
      peptides and Met5-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7-like peptides (r = 0.75). Met5-enkephalin
      Arg6-Phe7 immunoreactivity was accounted for by a major peak (87% +/- 3% of total
      immunoreactivity) coeluting with the standard peptide in Sephadex G-50
      chromatography and largely composed of the authentic heptapeptide, as shown by
      reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Leu5/Met5-enkephalin
      immunoreactivity was separated by high-performance liquid chromatography into
      peaks composed of Leu5-enkephalin and Met5-enkephalin. Allowing for Met5
      enkephalin immunoreactivity in the assay used, the apparent Leu5/Met5-enkephalin
      molecular ratio was approximately 1:4. The high concentration of all peptides
      studied at the pyloric junction suggests a rich enkephalin-containing innervation
      at this level, in keeping with the proposed involvement of an enkephalinergic
      mechanism in the control of pyloric function.

PMID- 3410215
TI  - Evolution and regression of pancreatic calcification in chronic pancreatitis. A
      prospective long-term study of 107 patients.
AB  - Pancreatic calcifications are virtually pathognomonic of chronic pancreatitis and
      develop in up to 90% of patients with alcoholic chronic pancreatitis in series
      with long-term results. We investigated the natural course of pancreatic
      calcification in a prospective longitudinal study over the past 23 yr. All
      patients were studied at regular intervals with particular regard to etiology,
      clinical findings, surgery, pancreatic function, and pancreatic calcification
      visible by x-ray (e.g., film series in three projections centered on the
      pancreas). We evaluated the findings of 107 patients with x-ray documentation of
      pancreatic calcification in at least three film series over a period of 4 yr or
      longer. Eighty-four patients had alcoholic chronic pancreatitis (group A) and 23
      patients had nonalcoholic chronic pancreatitis (group B). Four hundred seventy
      two film series of group A and one hundred forty-two film series of group B were
      reviewed independently by two expert teams. Both series were graded according to
      a score system in terms of intensity and distribution of pancreatic calcification
      (correlation of grading r = 0.91). The duration of calcification averaged 10 yr
      in group A and 12.6 yr in group B. Similar dynamic changes of pancreatic
      calcification were noted in groups A and B. Chronologically, three phases of
      evolution could be distinguished. After an initial increase (phase 1), greater
      than 50% of cases reached a plateau of stationary calcification (phase 2).
      Approximately one-third of cases showed a marked decrease of calcification in
      late phases of chronic pancreatitis (phase 3). Dissolution of pancreatic stones
      was related primarily to duration of chronic pancreatitis (duration of
      calcification and marked pancreatic dysfunction), and occurred frequently (but
      not exclusively) in patients after ductal drainage procedures. These results
      indicate that spontaneous dissolution of pancreatic stones is a rather common
      biologic phenomenon. The factors responsible for dissolution of stones remain to
      be elucidated.

PMID- 3410216
TI  - Maintenance of hepatic bile acid secretion rate during overnight fasting by
      bedtime bile acid administration.
AB  - We have tested the hypothesis that the greater clinical efficacy of bedtime
      administration of bile acid in gallstone dissolution is due to prevention of the
      reduction in hepatic bile acid secretion that normally accompanies overnight
      interruption of the enterohepatic circulation, thus also reducing the secretion
      of supersaturated hepatic bile. We measured the hepatic bile acid secretion rate
      by combining duodenal perfusion of a nonabsorbable recovery marker (polyethylene
      glycol) with continuous intravenous infusion of a hepatic bile marker
      (indocyanine green). We studied 6 subjects with gallstones before and during
      administration of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA, 675 mg) at bedtime. Duplicate
      pretreatment studies revealed good reproducibility. Mean values for hepatic bile
      acid secretion rate were uninfluenced by chronic UDCA administration before the
      acute bedtime dose, but during the 4-h period after acute administration of UDCA
      the total bile acids secreted increased by a mean value of 2.2 mmol (p less than
      0.01). Before treatment, nine of the 78 hourly samples were secreted at a hepatic
      bile acid secretion rate of less than 5 mumol/kg.h in the 6 patients studied,
      compared with only one hourly sample during UDCA administration. Super-saturated
      hepatic bile was secreted for a mean of 9.5 h before treatment, and for 1.2 h
      during UDCA treatment (p less than 0.005). We conclude that if UDCA is
      administered at bedtime, this maintains the hepatic bile acid secretion rate
      overnight, thus reducing secretion of supersaturated hepatic bile, in addition to
      the well-established effect of UDCA on cholesterol secretion.

PMID- 3410217
TI  - Prospective trial of penicillamine in primary sclerosing cholangitis.
AB  - We evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of penicillamine in primary sclerosing
      cholangitis. In a randomized, prospective, double-blind trial, 39 patients
      received penicillamine (250 mg t.i.d.) and 31 received a placebo. The two groups
      were highly comparable at entry with regard to clinical, biochemical, radiologic,
      and hepatic histologic features. Although a predictable cupruresis and a decrease
      in levels of hepatic copper were achieved in patients taking penicillamine, there
      was no beneficial effect on disease progression within 36 mo or on overall
      survival. Progressive symptoms, deterioration in serial hepatic laboratory
      values, or histologic progression on sequential liver biopsy specimens were
      similar in both groups, occurring in greater than 80% of the entire study
      population. The development of major side effects led to the permanent
      discontinuation of penicillamine in 21% of the patients taking the drug. We
      conclude that the use of penicillamine in primary sclerosing cholangitis is not
      associated with a beneficial effect on disease progression or survival, and has
      considerable toxicity. The study also suggests that primary sclerosing
      cholangitis is a progressive disease in many patients.

PMID- 3410218
TI  - Decreased loss of liver adenosine triphosphate during hypothermic preservation in
      rats pretreated with glucose: implications for organ donor management.
AB  - Recent studies of human donor livers indicate an association between ex vivo
      hepatocellular adenosine triphosphate and posttransplant graft function. To test
      the hypothesis that prior glucose loading of donor liver would optimize its
      adenosine triphosphate production and adenylate energy charge during ex vivo
      organ preservation, adult male rats were randomized to receive either intravenous
      dextrose or saline for 44 h. After this infusion, a liver lobe was exposed and
      freeze-clamped (time 0). The remaining liver was quickly flushed, excised, and
      stored in Collins' II solution at 2 degrees C for 8 h. Additional lobes were
      freeze-clamped at 1, 4, and 8 h. Liver adenosine triphosphate, total nucleoside
      triphosphates, and energy charge losses were significantly reduced in the
      dextrose-treated rats in comparison with saline-treated rats during the first 4 h
      of preservation. Although the livers from rats receiving intravenous dextrose
      were able to generate lactate, their glycogen stores were not utilized
      appreciably, suggesting that exogenous glucose served as a substrate for
      anaerobic glycolysis. Unesterified choline levels of the fasted rat livers were
      significantly higher than those from the rats receiving intravenous dextrose by
      the first hour, indicative of increased membrane breakdown. These results
      indicate that prior infusion of glucose enhances the capacity of the ex vivo
      liver, presumably through the induction and stabilization of key glycolytic
      enzymes, to anaerobically generate adenosine triphosphate. Administration of
      glucose to liver donors before organ procurement may improve post-transplant
      graft function by reducing the loss of hepatocellular energy, retarding membrane
      damage, and fostering glycogen storage for use in the early postoperative period.

PMID- 3410219
TI  - Effect of nifedipine on sphincter of Oddi motor activity: studies in healthy
      volunteers and patients with biliary dyskinesia.
AB  - The effect of nifedipine on sphincter of Oddi (SO) motor activity was determined
      by endoscopic manometry. Sphincter of Oddi pressures and motor function were
      compared in 21 healthy volunteers and in 9 patients with SO dyskinesia. The
      effects of sublingual doses of 10 or 20 mg of nifedipine were compared with
      placebo. Neither placebo nor 10 mg of nifedipine produced any effect on SO motor
      activity. In healthy volunteers 20 mg of nifedipine produced a moderate but
      significant decrease in basal SO pressure from 12.0 to 6.7 mmHg as well as in the
      amplitude, duration, and frequency of phasic contractions. In patients with SO
      dyskinesia 20 mg of nifedipine also resulted in a significant but more profound
      decrease of the basal SO pressure from 47.1 to 17.3 mmHg as well as in a decrease
      of amplitude, duration, and frequency of the phasic contractions. Neither placebo
      nor 10 or 20 mg of nifedipine has any effect on the sequence of phasic
      contractions. In summary, nifedipine may have a possible therapeutic role in the
      treatment of SO dyskinesia.

PMID- 3410220
TI  - Alcohollike liver disease in nonalcoholics. A clinical and histologic comparison
      with alcohol-induced liver injury.
AB  - Individuals who deny alcohol consumption may develop liver injury that
      histologically resembles the liver injury found in alcoholic patients. To
      determine whether any clinical or histologic features distinguish alcoholic and
      nonalcoholic subjects with "alcohollike" liver injury, the clinical records and
      liver biopsy specimens of 68 alcoholic and 39 nonalcoholic patients with
      alcohollike injury on liver biopsy were compared. The clinical and biochemical
      features of the two groups differed significantly. Alcoholism was associated with
      more severe clinical and biochemical manifestations of liver disease. However,
      there was considerable overlap among histologic features of the two clinically
      defined groups. Based on histology alone, alcoholic and nonalcoholic patients
      were often indistinguishable. The observations suggest that the clinical
      differences between the alcoholic and non-alcoholic patients cannot be attributed
      to qualitative or quantitative differences in liver histology. On the other hand,
      histologic similarities between the two groups raise the possibility that a
      shared condition, perhaps nutritional or hormonal, is responsible for the
      histologic expression of alcohollike injury in both groups.

PMID- 3410221
TI  - Effect of cessation of alcohol use on the course of pancreatic dysfunction in
      alcoholic pancreatitis.
AB  - Exocrine pancreatic function was studied sequentially by means of the secretin
      cerulein test in 32 patients with alcoholic chronic pancreatitis to elucidate the
      long-term course of pancreatic dysfunction, and to determine whether the
      cessation of alcohol use had any influence on the natural history of pancreatic
      functional changes caused by this disease. At initial studies, 5 patients had
      normal pancreatic function, and the remaining 27 had pancreatic insufficiency,
      which was mild to moderate in most subjects. The final studies, carried out at an
      average of 7.3 yr (range, 4-11 yr) after the first, showed a significant
      deterioration in pancreatic function, both in patients who stopped alcohol after
      the initial study (n = 18) and in those who did not (n = 14). The deterioration,
      however, was significantly less marked in patients who stopped drinking alcohol
      than in those who continued. These data indicate that pancreatic functional
      changes caused by alcoholic pancreatitis progress even after cessation of alcohol
      use; however, the progression is slower and less severe when alcohol intake is
      stopped.

PMID- 3410222
TI  - Biliary motility associated with gallbladder storage and duodenal delivery of
      canine hepatic biliary output.
AB  - Hepatic biliary output may be stored in the gallbladder (GB) or delivered into
      the duodenum. The role of the GB and sphincter of Oddi (SO) in the partition of
      hepatic biliary output between GB and duodenum was studied in 6 dogs during the
      interdigestive and postprandial periods. Three animals received a continuous
      intravenous infusion of [14C]taurocholic acid, which served as a marker of the
      steady-state hepatic output of radiolabeled bile acid. Gallbladder filling and
      emptying and duodenal delivery of [14C]taurocholic acid were determined using
      duodenal marker perfusion to measure output. Sphincter of Oddi, common duct, GB,
      and duodenal manometry was performed in 3 additional dogs. During fasting,
      partial GB emptying and an increased rate of duodenal delivery occurred between
      60% and 90% of each cycle of the migrating motor complex. The majority of hepatic
      taurocholic acid output was stored in the GB during the first half of the
      migrating myoelectric complex. However, in the latter half of the migrating
      myoelectric complex, the frequency of SO contractions and basal SO pressure
      decreased, GB pressure increased, net partial GB emptying occurred, and peak
      rates of duodenal taurocholic acid delivery were achieved. Feeding induced
      immediate decreases in basal SO pressure and frequency of phasic contractions,
      and an immediate increase of GB pressure. Gallbladder emptying and duodenal
      taurocholic acid delivery were maximal in the first 10 min after feeding. Thus,
      both the cyclic interdigestive and immediate postprandial increases in duodenal
      bile acid delivery are associated with SO relaxation and GB contraction. The
      immediate postprandial changes in SO and GB motility, and in duodenal bile acid
      output, suggest a cephalic phase of postprandial duodenal bile acid delivery.

PMID- 3410223
TI  - Effects and mechanisms of action of motilin on the cat sphincter of Oddi.
AB  - The effects of motilin on gallbladder and sphincter of Oddi motor activity and
      transphincteric flow were studied in the cat in vivo. Motilin at doses of up to 1
      microgram/kg had no effect on gallbladder motility. Increasing doses of
      intraarterial motilin (32-256 ng/kg) caused an increase in tonic pressures and in
      the force of phasic contractions of the sphincter of Oddi (p less than 0.001).
      Simultaneous measurements of myoelectric activity and transphincteric flow showed
      that motilin caused an increase in the frequency of spike bursts with a
      concomitant dose-dependent decrease in flow (p less than 0.001). The action of
      motilin was unaffected by extrinsic denervation (cervical vagotomy or
      splanchnicectomy), hexamethonium, and propranolol. Atropine, methysergide, or
      phentolamine partially blocked the excitatory effect of motilin (p less than
      0.05), whereas tetrodotoxin, a combination of atropine and methysergide, or
      naloxone completely blocked its effects (p less than 0.001). It is concluded that
      (a) motilin decreases sphincter of Oddi flow by increasing its motor activity and
      (b) motilin activates an intramural excitatory pathway that appears to consist of
      opiate, serotonergic, and cholinergic neurons.

PMID- 3410224
TI  - Massive plasma cell infiltration of the digestive tract. Secretory component as
      the rate-limiting factor of immunoglobulin secretion in external fluids.
AB  - A 29-yr-old Tunisian man had a clinical immunoproliferative small intestinal
      disease, different from alpha-chain disease. Serum contained 52.5 mg/ml of
      polymeric immunoglobulin A (IgA). Immunohistochemistry revealed a massive diffuse
      polyclonal IgA (99%)-plasma cell infiltration in the small bowel mucosa, with a
      smaller increase of IgA-producing cells in gastric and colonic mucosae. Secretory
      IgA levels were normal in jejunal and bronchoalveolar secretions. However, both
      fluids contained polymeric IgA devoid of secretory component, and free secretory
      component was absent. This suggests that secretory component was the limiting
      factor in transport of IgA in the secretions. A relative deficiency in secretory
      component, as compared with the huge supply of polymeric IgA, may have limited
      the secretory component-mediated active transport of IgA into secretions. This
      resulted in the appearance of high levels of polymeric IgA, unlinked to secretory
      component, both in serum and in the jejunal and bronchoalveolar fluids.

PMID- 3410225
TI  - Isolated intestinal myopathy resembling progressive systemic sclerosis in a
      child.
AB  - A 15-yr-old girl had a life-threatening episode of toxic megacolon at age 6 yr
      and a life-long history of constipation and abdominal distention. A diagnosis of
      chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction was made. Her clinical course was that of
      repeated bouts of pseudoobstruction, multiple episodes of intestinal volvulus at
      different sites, and progressive cachexia. Histologic examination of specimens of
      jejunum, ileum, appendix, and colon revealed progressive fibrotic changes in
      intestinal smooth muscle. The abnormalities observed are most consistent with
      those described in progressive systemic sclerosis, but no cutaneous
      manifestations of this disorder have been noted in this child, and no
      abnormalities in other organs have been detected. Thus, this patient represents a
      childhood case of chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction caused by a disorder
      closely resembling progressive systemic sclerosis confined to the
      gastrointestinal tract.

PMID- 3410226
TI  - Development of porphyria cutanea tarda after treatment with cyclophosphamide.
AB  - Porphyria cutanea tarda, a metabolic disorder of heme biosynthesis, is
      characterized by cutaneous hyperpigmentation, facial hypertrichosis, dark urine,
      and a distinctive pattern of excess porphyrin production. Hepatic
      uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase activity is markedly reduced in patients with this
      disorder. Although porphyria cutanea tarda may be familial, it is more often
      sporadic in occurrence, and has been associated with excess alcohol ingestion,
      estrogen administration, iron overload, and several environmental hepatotoxins.
      It has also been associated on occasion with malignancy. We report a 46-yr-old
      woman with ovarian carcinoma who developed porphyria cutanea tarda while
      undergoing treatment with cisplatin and cyclophosphamide. The temporal course of
      the porphyrin abnormality suggested that cyclophosphamide was the pathogenic
      agent, and symptoms regressed after cessation of this drug with continued
      administration of cisplatin. The pathogenesis of the porphyria is not clear;
      however, cyclophosphamide is a substrate for cytochrome P450, and may produce
      metabolites that destroy this protein. The resulting increased turnover of heme
      might then result in overproduction of porphyrin precursors, resulting in the
      clinical syndrome. Studies of porphyrin metabolism in patients treated with
      cyclophosphamide may help to elucidate this possibility.

PMID- 3410227
TI  - Hepatic fibrin-ring granulomas in visceral leishmaniasis.
AB  - Hepatic fibrin-ring granulomas and leishmania parasites were found in the liver
      biopsy specimens of 3 patients with prolonged fever and hepatosplenomegaly. It
      was recognition of the leishmanias in the liver biopsy specimen that prompted the
      diagnosis in all cases. There was no evidence of Q fever, Hodgkin's disease,
      cytomegalovirus hepatitis, or allopurinol treatment, which are the recognized
      causes of hepatic fibrin-ring granulomas. This report extends the range of
      etiologies of hepatic fibrin-ring granulomas. As a result, leishmaniasis should
      always be a consideration to the pathologist and the clinician in the
      differential diagnosis of fibrin-ring granulomas.

PMID- 3410228
TI  - Pancreatic calcification: new lessons from an old observation.

PMID- 3410229
TI  - Galactose clearance and liver blood flow.

PMID- 3410230
TI  - Cavitating ulcers--pyoderma gangrenosum of the anal canal?

PMID- 3410231
TI  - Ox bile treatment of severe steatorrhea in a colectomy and ileectomy patient.

PMID- 3410232
TI  - Sucralfate in ulcerative colitis.

PMID- 3410233
TI  - Symptoms due to Campylobacter pylori.

PMID- 3410234
TI  - Effect of terbutaline, a beta 2-adrenoreceptor agonist, on gastric acid secretion
      and serum gastrin concentrations in humans.
AB  - Because beta-adrenoreceptor agonists inhibit gastrin-stimulated gastric acid
      secretion in animals, we postulated that the beta 2-adrenoreceptor agonist,
      terbutaline, would inhibit pentagastrin-stimulated acid secretion in humans.
      Moreover, we hypothesized that terbutaline might inhibit food-stimulated acid
      secretion, as gastrin is a major mediator of food-stimulated acid secretion.
      Subcutaneous terbutaline (0.25 mg) reduced acid secretion during intravenous
      infusion of a submaximal dose of pentagastrin by 30%-40% (p less than 0.005),
      even though terbutaline increased serum gastrin levels (p less than 0.05).
      Furthermore, subcutaneous (0.25 mg) or oral (5 mg) terbutaline, given before a
      homogenized steak meal was infused into the stomach, lowered mean food-stimulated
      acid secretion rates, despite enhanced postprandial serum gastrin concentrations.
      Terbutaline also increased serum gastrin concentrations in patients with
      Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and in vagotomized individuals. Thus, beta 2
      adrenoreceptor agonists enhance gastrin release while at the same time inhibiting
      gastrin-stimulated acid secretion in humans.

PMID- 3410235
TI  - Soy protein meals stimulate less gastric acid secretion and gastrin release than
      beef meals.
AB  - Soy protein is a widely used, inexpensive, and nutritious source of dietary
      protein. In contrast to beef protein, the effects of soy protein on gastric acid
      secretion and serum gastrin concentration have not been evaluated. We compared
      the effects of meals containing the same amounts of either isolated soy or beef
      protein on acid secretion and serum gastrin concentration in normal humans. Acid
      secretion measured by in vivo intragastric titration was 30%-40% less with soy
      than beef protein (p less than 0.05), whether isolated soy protein alone was
      compared with a mixed beef meal containing carbohydrate and fat or whether soy or
      beef meals containing similar amounts of fat were compared. Average gastrin rises
      were 65%-75% less with soy than with beef (p less than 0.01). The explanation for
      less gastrin release with soy than with beef is unclear, but lower serum gastrin
      concentrations with soy probably accounted for reduced acid secretion. These
      results indicate that the source of dietary protein in a meal may be an important
      determinant of gastric acid secretion and gastrointestinal hormone release.

PMID- 3410236
TI  - Opposite effects of kappa-opioid agonists on gastric emptying of liquids and
      solids in dogs.
AB  - The influence of oral (p.o.) administration of kappa-(U-50488, tifluadom) and mu-
      (morphine, DAGO) opioid substances on gastric emptying of liquids and solids in a
      standard canned dog food meal was evaluated using a double-radiolabeled technique
      in dogs fitted with gastric cannulas. One hour after feeding, 28.6% +/- 3.6%
      (mean +/- SD) of the solid phase and 27.1% +/- 8.6% of the liquid phase of the
      meal had been emptied. Both U-50488 and tifluadom given orally (0.01-0.1 mg/kg)
      significantly increased (p less than 0.05) the 1-h emptying of the solid phase of
      the meal by 23.1%-49.6%. In contrast, both drugs significantly reduced emptying
      of liquids. These effects were not reproduced when similar doses were given
      intravenously. Oral administration of morphine or DAGO (0.01-0.1 mg/kg) did not
      affect gastric emptying, whereas an inhibited emptying of solids was observed for
      morphine at a higher dose (1 mg/kg p.o.). At a dose of 100 micrograms/kg i.v.
      both naloxone and MR 2266 (0.1 mg/kg) abolished the effects of orally
      administered U-50488 on gastric emptying of solids and liquids. It is concluded
      that kappa- but not mu-agonists act locally to alter gastric emptying of a
      standard meal in dogs, having opposite effects on solid and liquid phases. A
      selective local stimulation of kappa mucosal or submucosal receptors of the
      gastroduodenal area may explain such effects.

PMID- 3410237
TI  - Giardia lamblia in patients undergoing endoscopy: lack of evidence for a role in
      nonulcer dyspepsia.
AB  - Previous studies have suggested that Giardia lamblia may cause nonulcer dyspepsia
      as the sole manifestation of infection. To explore this premise, duodenal
      aspirates from patients undergoing upper endoscopy were examined for Giardia and
      results were correlated with endoscopic findings and symptoms. Of 155 patients,
      15.5% had Giardia. Patients with dyspepsia, with or without obvious lesions at
      endoscopy, had a similar prevalence. Patients with vomiting and diarrhea had an
      increased prevalence (38.5%) (p less than 0.05). The prevalence of Giardia
      lamblia in this patient population is surprisingly high. This study suggests that
      Giardia lamblia infection is not a major cause of nonulcer dyspepsia.

PMID- 3410238
TI  - Breath hydrogen testing in bacterial overgrowth of the small intestine.
AB  - The indirect, noninvasive technique of breath hydrogen (H2) analysis was
      evaluated in 45 patients suspected of having bacterial overgrowth of the small
      intestine. Bacterial overgrowth, defined as a jejunal culture yielding at least
      10(5) organisms/ml, was present in 27 patients. After dietary preparation and a
      12-h fast, subjects received in random order and on separate days 50 g of glucose
      or 50 g of rice flour in the form of two pancakes. Normal values were established
      in 20 healthy controls. Twelve of 27 patients with proven bacterial overgrowth
      had an elevated (greater than 15 ppm) fasting breath H2 level on at least 1 test
      day. Fifteen of 18 patients with negative cultures had low fasting breath H2
      levels. Based on values in controls, a positive breath test was defined as an
      increase in breath H2 of greater than or equal to 12 ppm after glucose or greater
      than or equal to 14 ppm after rice flour. A 2-h glucose breath H2 test had a
      sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 78% in the diagnosis of overgrowth. The
      predictive value of a positive test was 86% and that of a negative test was 88%.
      The combination of both a high fasting breath H2 level and a diagnostic rise of
      breath H2 after glucose was present in 41% of patients with overgrowth and in
      none of the patients without overgrowth. Extending the test to 4 h did not
      increase sensitivity, but decreased specificity. Rice flour was a less
      satisfactory substrate in predicting the presence of bacterial overgrowth. In
      conclusion, a high fasting breath H2 level after dietary preparation suggests
      bacterial overgrowth but lacks sensitivity. The finding of a rise in breath H2 of
      at least 12 ppm within 2 h of a 50-g glucose challenge is a simple screen for
      bacterial overgrowth. The combined criteria of a high fasting breath H2 level and
      a significant rise after glucose are specific for bacterial overgrowth.

PMID- 3410239
TI  - Assessment of inflammatory bowel disease activity by technetium 99m phagocyte
      scanning.
AB  - Autologous technetium 99m-labeled phagocyte scanning has been used to assess
      disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease in 51 consecutive patients. Strong
      correlations were found between the 24-h fecal excretion of isotope and the
      histologic score of mucosal biopsy specimens (rS = 0.84, p less than 0.001, where
      rS is Spearman's rank correlation coefficient), and between the 24-h fecal
      excretion of isotope and a clinical inflammatory bowel disease activity index
      based on the Crohn's disease activity index (rS = 0.87, p less than 0.001). To
      develop a clinically useful and objective measure of inflammatory bowel disease
      activity that did not require a 24-h stool collection, the intensity of bowel
      uptake on scanning was graded visually from 0 to 4, a ratio of count rates for
      the region of interest to the iliac crest reference region was calculated, and
      the rapidity of labeled phagocyte uptake into inflamed bowel was measured as the
      peak uptake time. Visual grading of disease activity on the scans was validated
      by comparing it with the ratio of count rates from inflamed bowel regions of
      interest and those from the iliac crest reference region. The ratio of count
      rates showed a significant correlation with the clinical disease activity index
      (r = 0.75, p less than 0.001). The visual scan grade also correlated well with
      the clinical activity index (r = 0.87, p less than 0.001). Count rates from
      hourly scans were also used to calculate the time of peak uptake of counts for a
      given region of interest. There was a strong negative correlation between this
      peak uptake time and the fecal excretion of isotope (rS = -0.81, p less than
      0.001), a clinical activity index (r = -0.60, p less than 0.001), and the
      histologic score of the mucosal biopsy specimens (r = -0.84, p less than 0.001).
      These results indicate that the technetium 99m-labeled phagocyte scan provides an
      objective assessment of disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease using the
      visual scan grade, ratio of count rates for the region of inflamed bowel, or by
      the peak uptake time, thereby avoiding the problems associated with fecal
      collections. This scanning test may prove to be of significant value in clinical
      management and in the assessment of treatment response.

PMID- 3410240
TI  - Internal anal sphincter in neurogenic fecal incontinence.
AB  - In neurogenic fecal incontinence there is denervation of the external anal
      sphincter and pelvic floor muscles but the role of the internal anal sphincter is
      incompletely understood. We have evaluated the internal anal sphincter in 6
      patients with neurogenic incontinence undergoing postanal repair and in 7 control
      subjects. All the incontinent subjects, but none of the controls, had evidence of
      pudendal neuropathy. Surface electromyography studies of the internal anal
      sphincter showed absence of electrical activity in 4 of 6 incontinent subjects;
      in the remaining 2 subjects and in 6 of 7 controls normal slow waves were
      present. Internal sphincter muscle strips from control subjects showed normal in
      vitro responses to noradrenaline, isoprenaline, dimethyl-phenylpiperazinium, and
      electrical field stimulation; muscle strips from the incontinent patients showed
      complete insensitivity except in 2 patients in whom there was contraction to
      noradrenaline and relaxation to isoprenaline. Electron microscopy showed normal
      smooth muscle in 5 control subjects and minor changes in 1 subject; all the
      incontinent patients showed abnormalities in the smooth muscle cells of the
      internal anal sphincter. These findings indicate that in neurogenic fecal
      incontinence neurogenic weakness of the external anal sphincter and pelvic floor
      muscles is associated with damage to the internal anal sphincter.

PMID- 3410241
TI  - Successful treatment of postoperative external biliary fistulas by endoscopic
      sphincterotomy.
AB  - External biliary fistulas occur as a complication of biliary tract surgery. Until
      recently, excision of the fistula was the primary therapeutic modality. We
      describe seven cases of postoperative external biliary fistula successfully
      treated by endoscopic papillotomy. Fistulation occurred in four patients after
      operations for hydatid cysts of the liver, in one patient after cholecystectomy
      for acute cholecystitis, in one patient with carcinoma of the periampullary
      region after a decompression procedure, and in the remaining patient after an
      intraoperative biopsy of a carcinoma of the gallbladder. Endoscopic
      sphincterotomy is a reliable and effective therapeutic alternative in patients
      with external biliary fistulas.

PMID- 3410242
TI  - Endoscopic management of biliary ascariasis.
AB  - Cholangitis and pancreatitis have resulted from migration of Ascaris lumbricoides
      up the biliary tree. We report our experience with the endoscopic management of
      11 patients who presented with cholangitis and pancreatitis. Successful
      endoscopic worm extraction with or without sphincterotomy was achieved for worms
      located in the biliary tree but endoscopic worm extraction from the pancreas was
      technically difficult. Anthelminthic therapy is indicated to eradicate the gut
      infestation and prevent recurrent disease.

PMID- 3410243
TI  - Endoscopic fine needle aspiration biopsy of gastroesophageal malignancies.
AB  - We have evaluated the results of endoscopic fine needle aspiration cytology in 50
      consecutive cases of suspected malignancy of the esophagus and stomach and
      compared them with those of forceps biopsy and brush cytology. The diagnostic
      yield with forceps biopsy, fine needle aspiration, and brush cytology in 46 cases
      of carcinoma was 88.8%, 89.1%, and 80.4%, respectively. A combination of forceps
      biopsy and brush cytology gave an accuracy of 93.5% while the addition of fine
      needle aspiration increased the yield to 100%. This was due to a very high
      positive yield of fine needle aspiration in infiltrative tumors.

PMID- 3410244
TI  - Columnar mucosa in the proximal esophagus.
AB  - Twelve cases of columnar mucosa occurring in the proximal esophagus are
      described. This lesion is more common than previously recognized and is
      frequently overlooked at endoscopy, possibly due to inadequate examination of the
      proximal esophagus. This lesion has a typical and easily recognized endoscopic
      appearance. Biopsy of the lesion confirms the presence of columnar mucosa,
      usually with parietal cells (11 of 12 cases). It does not appear to be related to
      Barrett's epithelium and may represent either a congenital rest or a response to
      recurrent trauma. Current evidence would seem to support a congenital origin.

PMID- 3410245
TI  - Oral medications for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy using a small diameter
      endoscope.
AB  - We carried out a double-blinded, randomized prospective study to compare patient
      tolerance of small diameter endoscopes using limited potency oral premedication
      to complement topical anesthesia. Patients randomly received either oral placebo,
      diphenhydramine (100 mg), acetaminophen (1000 mg), or both drugs 30 to 60 min
      prior to endoscopy. All patients received topical Cetacaine and underwent upper
      endoscopy with the Olympus XP10 7.9-mm fiberscope. The combination of
      acetaminophen (1000 mg) and diphenhydramine (100 mg) significantly improved
      tolerance over topical anesthetic alone. Obvious sedation from the medications
      was infrequent. Gag response after a topical anesthesia was a significant
      predictor of patient tolerance. We conclude that small diameter endoscopes are
      well tolerated for diagnostic upper endoscopy. Oral premedications additionally
      improve tolerance slightly.

PMID- 3410246
TI  - Functional imaging for the analysis of the mucosal blood hemoglobin distribution
      using electronic endoscopy.

PMID- 3410247
TI  - An Nd:YAG laser with a water-guided laser beam--a new transmission system.

PMID- 3410248
TI  - Severe acute pancreatitis complicating sphincter of Oddi manometry.

PMID- 3410249
TI  - Vascular ring--an unusual cause of benign biliary stricture.

PMID- 3410250
TI  - Endoscopic laser treatment of an obstructing antral web.

PMID- 3410251
TI  - The future of video endoscopy.

PMID- 3410252
TI  - Uniform standards for gastrointestinal endoscopic training in the U.S.--a need
      for evaluation and definition.

PMID- 3410253
TI  - Necrosis of the soft palate secondary to upper gastrointestinal tract intubation.

PMID- 3410254
TI  - Delayed esophageal perforation after sclerotherapy.

PMID- 3410256
TI  - Assessing the feasibility of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy following
      gastrectomy.

PMID- 3410255
TI  - Delayed esophageal perforation following pneumatic dilation for achalasia.

PMID- 3410257
TI  - Late presentation of gastrocolic fistula after percutaneous gastrostomy.

PMID- 3410258
TI  - Endoscopic removal of a large common bile duct stone through a
      choledochoduodenostomy.

PMID- 3410259
TI  - [The molecular structure of the regulation of the erythron].

PMID- 3410261
TI  - [The role of hematopoietic islands in the development of the phenomenon of the
      stimulation of bone marrow hematopoiesis under stress].

PMID- 3410260
TI  - [Enhancement of the efficacy of cytostatic therapy of experimental leukemia by
      using a water-soluble complex of splenic blood-regulating factors].

PMID- 3410262
TI  - [Effect of room temperature on the storage of preserved blood and red cell mass].

PMID- 3410263
TI  - [Possible increase in the duration of the circulation of perfluorodecalin
      emulsions in the vascular bed of rats].

PMID- 3410264
TI  - [Basic trends in the study of the problem of leukemia and hematopoietic
      depression in man and animal].

PMID- 3410265
TI  - [Physico-chemical and biological properties of a chemically modified globin from
      bovine blood].

PMID- 3410266
TI  - [Prevention of infectious complications in burn patients by using an
      immunoglobulin with normal antitissue antibodies].

PMID- 3410267
TI  - [Problems in the development and use of an automated donor register for resolving
      the tasks of managing donor resources at a blood transfusion station].

PMID- 3410268
TI  - [Methodological approaches to isolating hematopoietic stem cells from human bone
      marrow].

PMID- 3410269
TI  - [Results of using cryopreserved reference erythrocytes for isoserological
      research].

PMID- 3410271
TI  - [Perestroika in the work of the blood service of the Lithuanian SSR].

PMID- 3410270
TI  - [Index of the intensity of polychemotherapy in patients with hemoblastoses].

PMID- 3410272
TI  - [X-ray study of the kidneys in diseases of the blood system].

PMID- 3410274
TI  - Ampicillin concentrations in human serum and periodontal membrane following a
      single oral administration of talampicillin.
AB  - 1. Ampicillin concentrations in human serum and periodontal membrane after a
      single oral administration of talampicillin (500 mg) were assayed by the agar
      diffusion (paper disc) method. 2. The peak times of serum and periodontal
      membrane were identical, being 150 min after administration. 3. The peak
      concentrations of serum and periodontal membrane were 7.81 micrograms/ml and 4.11
      micrograms/g, respectively. 4. The mean ratio of periodontal membrane to serum
      concentration at the peak time was 0.53.

PMID- 3410273
TI  - Neonatal monosodium-L-glutamate treatment reduced lipolytic response of rat
      epididymal adipose tissue.
AB  - 1. The effect of neonatal monosodium-L-glutamate (MSG) treatment on lipolysis in
      rat epididymal adipose tissue was studied. A reduction in the basal lipolysis was
      observed in the MSG-treated rats. 2. This was accompanied by a decrease lipolytic
      response to isoprenaline, adrenocorticotropic hormone, forskolin,
      isobutylmethylxanthine and dibutyryl-cAMP. 3. The addition of adenosine
      deaminase, which inactivates endogenous adenosine in the medium, did not
      normalize the basal and the hormone stimulated lipolytic responses. 4. The
      maximal lipolysis stimulated by adenosine deaminase or 8-(p-sulfophenyl)
      theophylline (8-SPT), an adenosine antagonist, was significantly lower in the MSG
      treated rats. 5. Moreover, there was no change in the sensitivity of adenosine
      receptors to its antagonist as reflected by the similar potency of 8-SPT in
      eliciting the lipolytic response in both the control and MSG-treated rats. 6. In
      conclusion, neonatal MSG treatment in rats induced a general reduction of
      lipolytic response in the epididymal adipocytes which cannot be explained by an
      enhancement of the adenosine inhibitory system.

PMID- 3410275
TI  - Propagated motor activity in the small intestine of urethane-anaesthetized rats:
      inhibitory action of sympathetic and capsaicin-sensitive nerves.
AB  - 1. In the duodenum/small intestine of urethane-anesthetized rats, a series of
      atropine- and hexamethonium-sensitive phasic contractions activity were recorded
      by using a balloon. With two balloons, one in the proximal duodenum (B1) and the
      other at a distal site (B2) a co-ordinated motor activity was observed which
      migrated from B1 to B2. 2. Spontaneous activity of the duodenum was greater in
      either adrenalectomized, guanethidine- or capsaicin-pretreated than in control
      rats. In guanethidine-pretreated animals a series of atropine-resistant but
      hexamethonium-resistant rhythmic contractions could be demonstrated. 3. In
      control rats, distension of the balloon produced an inhibitory effect on rhythmic
      contractions which were ultimately suppressed. Distension had little inhibitory
      effect on duodenal motor activity of adrenalectomized, guanethidine- or capsaicin
      pretreated rats. 4. These findings indicate that the propagated motor activity in
      the duodenum/small intestine of urethane anesthetized rats can be modulated by
      the adrenals as well as sympathetic and capsaicin-sensitive nerves.

PMID- 3410276
TI  - Effect of nicotine on central GABAergic system.
AB  - 1. The acute and chronic effects of nicotine (1.5 mg/kg/day) on the striatal and
      mesolimbic GABAergic systems were examined in the rat. 2. Despite altering the
      striatal DAergic activity, neither acute nor chronic administration of nicotine
      significantly affected the GABAergic system. 3. The nicotine treatment did not
      alter the ability of muscimol to inhibit the hyperactivity elicited by
      apomorphine. 4. Similarly, the levels of GABA in striata and nucleus accumbens
      remained unchanged.

PMID- 3410277
TI  - Interaction of propranolol with GABA stimulated diazepam binding to rat brain
      membranes.
AB  - 1. In the case of an intraperitoneal propranolol injection to rats (25 mg/kg),
      there was no modification in benzodiazepine and gamma-amino-butyric acid
      recognition sites since [3H]diazepam or [3H]-muscimol binding was not affected.
      2. There was an increase in GABA stimulated-diazepam binding (100%, statistical
      risk lower than 1%). 3. This last result suggests that propranolol treatment can
      stimulate GABA-benzodiazepine receptor coupling.

PMID- 3410278
TI  - Effects of hispidulin, a flavone isolated from Inula viscosa, on isolated guinea
      pig smooth muscle.
AB  - 1. In small concentrations (10(-7)-3 X 10(-6) M), hispidulin caused concentration
      dependent contraction of isolated guinea-pig ileum and only mild relaxation of
      guinea-pig tracheal rings. 2. Larger concentrations (up to 3 X 10(-4) M) caused
      concentration-dependent relaxation of the ileum and the trachea. All the effects
      on the ileum and the trachea are reversible upon removal of the compound. 3. In
      concentrations from 10(-7) to 3 X 10(-4) M, hispidulin had no effect on the tone
      of the epinephrine-contracted rings of the guinea-pig main pulmonary artery. 4.
      Hispidulin caused a shift to the right of the acetylcholine concentration-effect
      curves on ileum and trachea and significantly inhibited the maximum contractions
      induced by acetylcholine. 5. In Ca2+-free, depolarizing solution, hispidulin
      caused both a shift to the right, and an inhibition of the maximum contractions,
      of the CaCl2 concentration-effect curves on ileum, trachea and pulmonary artery.
      6. In Ca2+-free, EGTA-containing solution, hispidulin caused concentration
      dependent inhibition of the contractions induced in the pulmonary artery by
      epinephrine and in the ileum by histamine. 7. These observations suggest that
      hispidulin may interfere with Ca2+ binding to the Ca2+-receptor protein(s) in the
      smooth muscle cell and/or with the agonist-induced Ca2+-release from
      intracellular stores. Less likely, hispidulin may interfere with Ca2+ influx
      through smooth muscle cell membrane.

PMID- 3410279
TI  - A pharmacological study of hibernation in rodents.
AB  - 1. Hamsters and ground squirrels in deep hibernation were infused intra
      arterially with drugs. 2. Norepinephrine and epinephrine sometimes caused
      arousal, sometimes transitory effects. 3. Adrenalectomy did not affect arousal. L
      DOPA and amphetamine produced a slow arousal. 4. Arousal was blocked with alpha
      methyltyrosine and the block was released with L-DOPA, DL- and L-threo-DOPS
      resulted in arousal and bromocriptine did not cause arousal, indicating that
      dopamine was not necessary for arousal. 5. Isoproterenol caused a transient
      increase in heart rate which was blocked by propranolol. 6. Phenylephrine caused
      vasoconstriction, but did not result in arousal. 7. No drug increased the
      sensitivity to peripheral stimuli during hibernation.

PMID- 3410280
TI  - The effect of indomethacin, ibuprofen and paracetamol on the TRH induced TSH
      secretion in the rat.
AB  - 1. The response of TSH to TRH and the TRH content of the hypothalamus, following
      indomethacin, ibuprofen and paracetamol treatment, was measured in male rats. 2.
      Daily treatment of indomethacin (3 mg/kg)) for 3 days markedly reduced T4
      concentration in the serum, the TRH content of the hypothalmus gland and inhibit
      Pituitary TSH response to the low T4 level in the blood. 3. Ibuprofen (12 mg/kg)
      and paracetamol (50 mg/kg) did not influence T4 or TSH levels of the serum nor
      the TRH content of the hypothalmus. 4. TRH-induced TSH secretion was not
      influenced by indomethacin, ibuprofen or paracetamol treatment.

PMID- 3410281
TI  - Antagonistic effect of Mandevilla velutina extract on kinin-induced contractions
      of guinea-pig and cat ileum longitudinal smooth muscle.
AB  - 1. The effect of aqueous/alcoholic extract of Mandevilla velutina on bradykinin
      (BK), lysyl-bradykinin (L-BK), methionyl-lysyl-bradykinin (M-L-BK), acetylcholine
      (Ach) and histamine (Hist)-induced contractions in the isolated muscle from
      guinea-pig and cat ileum was analysed. 2. In the presence of atropine and
      pyrilamine, the extract (0.5-2 mg/ml) caused a parallel and concentration
      dependent rightward displacement to all three kinins dose-response curves. Schild
      plots yielded nominal PA2 values (g/ml) of 3.2, 3.3 and 3.8 respectively, but the
      slopes of BK and M-L-BK were different from unity. 3. M. velutina extract (1 and
      2 mg/ml) also concentration-dependently inhibited the contractile response evoked
      by BK in the isolated cat ileum and produced only slight depressions of the Ach
      and His-contractions (less than 20%) suggesting some selectivity towards kinin
      receptors. 4. These findings and those previously reported indicate that the
      active principles present in the crude extract of M. velutina competitively
      antagonizes kinin-induced contractions in several smooth muscle preparations.

PMID- 3410282
TI  - Acute effects of amiodarone on action potentials of isolated canine Purkinje
      fibers: comparison with tetrodotoxin effects.
AB  - 1. We compared the acute electrophysiological effects of amiodarone (AM) and
      tetrodotoxin (TTX) on action potentials of isolated canine Purkinje fibers. All
      two drugs suppressed action potential amplitude, overshoot, and maximum rate of
      upstroke of action potential, and shortened action potential duration (APD). 2.
      However, higher concentrations (4.4 x 10(-4) M) of AM showed differential effects
      on APD, compared with TTX. 3. These differences between effects of AM and TTX
      suggest that in case of high concentration of AM the APD-shortening by AM might
      be masked by AM's other action(s), while in low concentration the APD-shortening
      effect of AM, probably due to decrease in Na+ and slow Ca2+ current, was
      predominant.

PMID- 3410283
TI  - Acute effects of amiodarone on action potentials of isolated guinea-pig
      ventricular muscle exposed to simulated ischemic solution and metabolic
      inhibitors.
AB  - 1. Acute effects of an antiarrhythmic agent, amiodarone (AM), on action
      potentials from isolated guinea-pig ventricular papillary muscles exposed to
      simulated ischemic solution and Tyrode's solution containing NaCN or
      dinitrophenol (DNP) were examined. 2. In the papillary muscles exposed to
      simulated solution (K+ = 6 mM, glucose = 2.3 mM, pH = 7.1, PO2 less than 40 mmHg)
      or metabolic inhibitors (10(-3) M NaCN or 10(-4) M DNP), resting membrane
      potential (RMP) and maximum upstroke velocity (Vmax) of action potential were
      decreased with increasing time to the exposure, and action potential duration
      (APD) was shortened. In these conditions, addition of 4.4 x 10(-5) M AM produced
      transient and small increase in the APD and Vmax, followed by progressive APD
      shortening and decrease in Vmax and RMP. 3. These results suggest that acute AM's
      antiarrhythmic effects reported are not due to APD prolonging action (Vaughan
      Williams Class III) of the drug, but mainly due to its local anesthetic action
      (Class I).

PMID- 3410284
TI  - Does acute exposure to amiodarone prolong cardiac action potential duration?
AB  - 1. The acute effects of a potent antiarrhythmic agent, amiodarone (AM), were
      studied in isolated guinea pig ventricular muscle. Transmembrane action
      potentials were recorded by conventional microelectrode techniques, and isometric
      contractile tension, by a strain gauge. 2. Short-term (30 min) exposure to 4.4 x
      10(-5) M AM did not significantly effect action potential characteristics,
      whereas the peak developed tension was significantly depressed. 3. On the other
      hand, long-term (3-5 hr) exposure to the same concentration of AM led to a
      significant decrease in the resting membrane potential, amplitude of action
      potential, overshoot of action potential, maximum upstroke velocity of action
      potential, and the peak developed tension. However, the duration of action
      potential at all levels of repolarization was not significantly effected by 4.4 x
      10(-5) M AM during the entire duration of the experiment. 4. These results
      suggest that the acute AM's antiarrhythmic actions reported may be not due to APD
      lengthening action, but probably due to other actions (mainly, inhibition of Na+
      channels, Ca2+ channels).

PMID- 3410285
TI  - Inhibition by amiodarone of slow response action potentials and contraction in
      guinea pig ventricular muscle.
AB  - 1. Effects of an antiarrhythmic agent, amiodarone (AM), on slow response action
      potentials and contraction of guinea pig ventricular muscle were examined. 2. AM
      (4.4 x 10(-5) M, 1.1 x 10(-4) M) significantly inhibited the maximum upstroke
      velocity of slow response action potentials and contraction. 3. As for action
      potential duration (APD), higher concentration (1.1 x 10(-4) M) of AM
      significantly shortened the APD, while low concentration (4.4 x 10(-5) M) had
      little effect on it. 4. These findings strongly suggest that AM blocks slow
      inward current inflow via Ca2+ channels in the ventricular muscle.

PMID- 3410286
TI  - Adrenergic mechanisms of the contractile response of rabbit oviduct to electrical
      stimulation.
AB  - 1. In rabbit oviduct electrical field stimulation evoked contraction in mature
      animals and contraction followed by relaxation in juvenile animals. 2.
      Phentolamine (1 microM) inhibited the contraction. The relaxation was partly
      suppressed by propranolol (1-10 microM) and completely inhibited by guanethidine
      (5 microM). 3. Cocaine (1 microM) increased the duration or the amplitude of
      contractions and abolished or did not change the relaxation. The contraction
      increasing effect of cocaine was more pronounced in estradiol-treated mature
      rabbit. 4. It is concluded that electrically evoked responses in rabbit oviduct
      are mediated by transmitters released from adrenergic terminals and that
      estradiol increases neuronal uptake of noradrenaline.

PMID- 3410287
TI  - The depletion effects of chlorpromazine, reserpine and ascorbic acid on tissue
      histamine of guinea-pigs.
AB  - 1. 30 mg kg-1 chlorpromazine (CPZ) depleted more than half of the tissue
      histamine from lungs, stomach, ileum and skin of the normal guinea-pigs. However,
      the drug increased the tissue histamine content in scorbutic animals. 2. In
      contrast, reserpine depleted histamine from the four tested tissues in both
      normal and scorbutic animals, except those in the lungs of the control animals.
      3. Ascorbic acid only depleted histamine from the stomach and ileum. 4. A 24 hr
      period was the time limit for CPZ to deplete the histamine in all the four tested
      tissues. 5. Histamine partially or completely recovered in the tissues after the
      next 24 hr.

PMID- 3410288
TI  - Calcium-dependent metabolism of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in silver eel tissues.
AB  - We investigated the in vitro metabolism of [26,27-3H]-25-(OH)D3 in different eel
      tissues. After incubation with [3H]-25-(OH)D3, tissues were extracted with
      methanol-chloroform and chromatographed on Sephadex LH 20 columns. Two
      derivatives less polar than 25-(OH)D3 were detected, the first one being
      sensitive to KOH treatment. Three peaks more polar than 25-(OH)D3 were also
      found: peak I migrated close to the 24,25-(OH)2D3 area and was quantitatively the
      most important, but the presence of 24,25-(OH)2D3 could not be demonstrated; peak
      II migrated in the 1,25-(OH)2D3 region; and peak III had an elution position
      twice that of peak II. After 6-h incubation of tissues isolated from control
      eels, peak I was found in all tissues including intestine and gills. It was
      highest in pituitary gland and brain and lowest in ovaries and muscle. It was not
      significantly modified 20 days after ablation of the corpuscules of Stannius. In
      contrast, in vivo daily calcium chloride injection was followed 24 hr later by a
      significant increase in the [3H]-25-(OH)D3 conversion into peak I in gills,
      intestine, and the spinal cord and by an inhibition of this conversion in
      pituitary gland, skin, and muscle. The inhibition was found in all tissues after
      five daily calcium injections. Calcium injection had no effect on the in vitro
      metabolite synthesis by the corpuscules of Stannius. These results suggest that
      vitamin D is not metabolized in the same way in eel as in mammals and that this
      metabolism could in part be calcium dependent.

PMID- 3410289
TI  - Short-term treatment with testosterone increases plasma 3,5,3'-triiodo-L
      thyronine and hepatic L-thyroxine 5'-monodeiodinase levels in arctic charr,
      Salvelinus alpinus.
AB  - Testosterone (T), methyl testosterone (MT), and testosterone propionate (TP) (0.5
      mg/100 g body wt in 40 microliter peanut oil) or peanut oil alone were injected
      (ip) on Days 0 and 3 into immature arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus). Charr were
      sampled on Days 7 and 12 and plasma testosterone, L-thyroxine (T4), 3,5,3'
      triiodo-L-thyronine (T3), and hepatic microsomal T4 5'-monodeiodinase (T4 5'D)
      measured. Plasma androgen levels were elevated by all androgen treatments to
      levels similar to those observed in spawning salmonids. Plasma T3 was
      significantly increased by all forms of testosterone on Days 7 and 12. T4 levels
      remained unchanged or significantly decreased on Day 7, with no significant
      differences on Day 12. T4 5'D activity was increased on both Days 7 and 12 in the
      experimental groups due to increases in the Vmax (1.3 to 5.9 X control groups)
      with negligible changes in the Km. In conclusion, T, MT, and TP all stimulate
      thyroidal status by increasing plasma T3 levels in part as a result of increased
      hepatic T4 5'D activity.

PMID- 3410290
TI  - Immunohistochemical localization of thyrotropic cells during amphibian
      morphogenesis: a stereological study.
AB  - TSH-like producing cells have been studied using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase
      (PAP) immunohistochemical technique and rabbit anti-human thyrotropin (TSH)
      antiserum in the pars distalis of five species of amphibian anuran tadpoles at
      different stages of development as well as in 1-year-old postmetamorphic animals.
      This cell type has been identified and located in the pars distalis ventral zone
      of Bufo calamita showing no changes in its distribution pattern throughout
      development, and in Rana perezi where TSH-like cells were located in the central
      zone of the gland in premetamorphic stages, occupying the ventral zone at the end
      of metamorphosis. No immunoreaction has been observed in the other species
      studied (Hyla meridionalis, Alytes cisternasii, and Pelobates cultripes).
      Morphometry and stereology were used to evaluate the changes observed in pars
      distalis volume and TSH immunoreactive cells during development. Pars distalis
      volume increased during the larval growth period and decreased throughout the
      metamorphic climax. TSH volume density and cellular area showed different
      evolutions in the species studied. The correlation between these parameters
      suggests a greatly proliferative period followed by an increase in cellular size.
      The changes observed in TSH total volume as well as the physiological data found
      by other authors lead us to conclude that there are two phases in amphibian
      development: first a period of TSH storage (pre- and prometamorphosis) and second
      a period of TSH release at metamorphic climax.

PMID- 3410292
TI  - Corticosteroid receptors in liver cytosol of the clawed toad, Xenopus laevis:
      daily and seasonal variations.
AB  - In postmetamorphic Xenopus laevis liver cytosol the glucocorticoid binding
      capacity R0 and the dissociation constant Kd were determined. The receptor assay
      included an incubation period of 24 hr at 0-4 degrees with sodium molybdate to
      stabilize the receptor. Dexamethasone, triamcinolone acetonide, and
      corticosterone as tritiated ligands were compared regarding the R0 (67.6, 57.2,
      and 30.7 fmol/mg protein), the Kd (3.54, 0.56, and 9.03 nM), and the rate of
      dissociation in young specimens of X. laevis. In adult toads the
      [3H]dexamethasone receptor binding capacity was threefold higher in females than
      in males (153.86 +/- 12.19, 54.29 +/- 4.5 fmol/mg protein)--with about the same
      Kd (3.97 +/- 0.57, 4.08 +/- 0.28 nM). Young toads were kept under an artificial
      light regime (light from 600 to 1800 hr) and dexamethasone binding was measured
      every 3 hr. Unlike Kd, R0 showed a significant diurnal variation with maximal
      values at 600 and 1800 hr, which occurred about 9 hr after a maximal level of
      corticosterone in serum was reached (900, 2100). Seasonal variations of the
      [3H]dexamethasone and [3H]corticosterone binding capacity were different in both
      sexes of adult X. laevis. Maximal values in males were found in June/July and
      October/November. In females, the R0 was increased in the second half of the year
      with the maximum in August (275.5 +/- 45.02 fmol/mg protein). No correlation
      between R0 and the concentrations of corticosterone or aldosterone existed.

PMID- 3410291
TI  - The dynamics of the steroidogenic response of perifused Xenopus ovarian explants
      to gonadotropins.
AB  - Steroid release before and during maturation was studied in Xenopus ovarian
      follicles under various conditions of stimulation of LH in a perifusion system.
      Acute stimulation by 15 micrograms of LH induces a 10-fold increase in the
      androgen (testosterone and androstenedione) level which reaches a maximum 4 hr
      later and then slowly decreases until the 25th hour. Repeated stimulations every
      2 or 4 hr are followed by the same androgen increase during the first 8 or 10 hr
      and then by a slow decrease in the secretion despite new LH injections. A
      significant increase in progesterone secretion is seen only after at least two
      stimulations (8 hr). Estradiol secretion slowly increases to a moderate level
      during the first 5 hr and then remains stable whatever the stimulation. During
      continuous stimulation (LH 0.5 microgram/ml) androgen levels reach an initial
      maximum after 4 hr and then fluctuate with a 2-hr period. Addition of theophyllin
      to the medium enhances these fluctuations. After 12 hr when the progesterone has
      increased, androgen secretion diminishes to reach a basal level without
      fluctuations. Germinal vesicle breakdown occurs only in follicles that have been
      appropriately stimulated to secrete androgens and progesterone during the
      required time.

PMID- 3410293
TI  - Identification of steroidogenic cell subpopulations in the ovary of the newly
      hatched chicken.
AB  - The aim of the present study is the isolation of subpopulations of steroid
      producing cells in the ovary of the newly hatched chicken. Cells were obtained by
      fractional trypsin dissociation of the ovary and isopycnic separation in a
      continuous metrizamide gradient (0-30%). Testosterone and 17 beta-estradiol
      secretion was measured by radioimmunoassay in the incubation medium of the
      isolated cells. Six fractions of ovarian cells were studied. Fraction II (density
      1.080) contained typical steroidogenic cells with a positive reaction for 3 beta
      hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, delta 5-isomerase. This fraction secreted
      testosterone (3.7 ng/10(6) cells/2 hr) but no 17 beta-estradiol secretion was
      detectable. The majority (85%) of cells obtained in fraction VI (density 1.150)
      were relatively undifferentiated and contained polyribosomes, mitochondria with
      lamellar cristae, and few rough endoplasmic reticulum; only 3-5% of the cells of
      this fraction were similar to those of fraction II. In fraction VI the highest
      level of 17 beta-estradiol secretion was found (2.9 ng/10(6) cells/2 hr) whereas
      testosterone was at a minimum level (0.06 ng/10(6) cells/2 hr). Results strongly
      suggest the existence of two cell subpopulations in the inmature chicken ovary:
      typical steroidogenic and poorly differentiated cells which secrete testosterone
      and 17 beta-estradiol, respectively.

PMID- 3410294
TI  - Examination of in vitro melatonin secretion from superfused trout (Salmo
      gairdneri) pineal organs maintained under diel illumination or continuous
      darkness.
AB  - Melatonin secretion was measured from rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) pineal
      organs maintained individually under flow-through whole organ culture
      (superfusion) conditions. Radioimmunoassay of perfusate fractions collected
      during controlled photic conditions demonstrated that melatonin secretion in
      vitro remained basal during the photophase and underwent increases in titer
      during the scotophase. While amounts of melatonin (mel) secreted were
      characteristic of individual pineal organs, photophase values ranged between 0.25
      and 0.75 ng mel/ml and scotophase values ranged from 6 to 10 ng mel/ml of
      perfusate. Diel melatonin secretion profiles reflected the illumination regimen,
      with light associated with low melatonin titer in the perfusate and darkness
      associated with high titer. Light pulses during a normal scotophase resulted in a
      depression in melatonin secretion regardless of whether it was administered early
      or late in the dark period. Pulses of darkness given early or late in a normal
      photophase resulted in increased melatonin secretion. Superfused trout pineal
      organs did not display endogenous rhythmicity in melatonin secretion when
      subjected to prolonged exposure to continuous darkness (DD), whether first
      exposed to entraining light/dark (LD) cycles prior to DD or exposed to DD at the
      initiation of superfusion. In both studies, elevated melatonin secretion
      gradually declined over time. But exposure to a 4:4LD cycle after DD resulted in
      decreased (with light) and increased (with darkness) melatonin secretion. These
      results demonstrate that the trout pineal organ can be maintained for extended
      periods of time in superfusion culture, that the trout pineal organ is very
      responsive to light or dark for regulating melatonin synthesis, and that an
      endogenous rhythm in melatonin synthesis when organs were maintained in DD was
      not detectable.

PMID- 3410295
TI  - In vivo steroid regulation of aromatase and 5 alpha-reductase in goldfish brain
      and pituitary.
AB  - The full expression of testosterone (T) actions in neuroendocrine tissues
      requires aromatization and 5 alpha-reduction to estradiol (E2) and 5 alpha
      dihydrotestosterone (DHT), respectively. Recently, we documented striking changes
      in aromatase and 5 alpha-reductase during the annual reproductive cycle of
      goldfish (Carassius auratus). To investigate possible regulatory effects of sex
      steroids, goldfish were implanted with hormone-filled silastic capsules for 2-5
      weeks. Conversion of [3H]androstenedione to estrone or 5 alpha-androstanedione by
      homogenates of anterior hypothalamus/preoptic area, remaining telencephalon, and
      whole pituitary (PIT) was used to estimate aromatase and 5 alpha-reductase,
      respectively. Gonadosomatic index and plasma E2, T, and DHT were monitored as an
      index of reproductive status and capsule effectiveness. In reproductively
      inactive fish in which plasma steroids and aromatase were basal (October), E2 or
      T increased aromatase activity in brain of both sexes but stimulated activity in
      PIT of females only; DHT was not effective. In a subsequent experiment initiated
      close to the spawning peak and prior to the seasonal decline in plasma steroids
      and brain aromatase (April), T increased or maintained brain aromatase in a time
      dependent manner. 5 alpha-Reductase activity was unaffected by steroid treatment
      in both reproductively active and inactive fish. These results indicate that
      variations in circulating steroids are responsible, at least in part, for changes
      in brain aromatase during the annual reproductive cycle of goldfish and provide
      the first evidence for steroid control of pituitary aromatase. The steroid
      specificity of the induction suggests that an estrogen receptor mechanism is
      involved.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3410296
TI  - Circadian rhythms and influence of light on serotonin, norepinephrine, and
      epinephrine contents in the pineal-paraphyseal complex of soft-shelled turtles
      (Lissemys punctata punctata).
AB  - The aims of the current investigation were to examine the circadian rhythms in
      the pineal-paraphyseal amines and indoleamine in juvenile turtles. An attempt was
      also made to study the influence of photoperiod on pineal activities in adult
      turtles. Serotonin, norepinephrine, and epinephrine levels were studied at four
      different time intervals (0600, 1200, 1800, and 2400 hr) of a 24-hr period.
      Increased serotonin level was observed during day and trough values during night,
      but the norepinephrine and epinephrine levels showed reverse changes. Continuous
      light (24L:0D) or long photoperiod (22L:2D) resulted in an elevation of serotonin
      level and diminution of norepinephrine level, but continuous darkness (0L:24D) or
      short photoperiod (2L:22D) showed reverse changes. Epinephrine level altered in
      parallel to that of norepinephrine with long (22L:2D) or short (2L:22D)
      photoperiod, but remained unaltered with continuous light (24L:0D) or continuous
      darkness (0L:24D). It is suggested that circadian rhythms exist in pineal
      paraphyseal amines and indoleamine in juvenile turtles like that of adult
      turtles. It is also suggested that light greatly modulates serotonin,
      norepinephrine, and epinephrine contents in the pineal-paraphyseal complex of the
      soft-shelled turtle.

PMID- 3410297
TI  - Biological, chromatographical, and radioimmunological evidence for a melanotropin
      like peptide in the central nervous system of Locusta migratoria.
AB  - Our recent immunocytochemical study has demonstrated the existence of alpha
      melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH)-like material in the locust central
      nervous system. The aim of the present study was to further characterize alpha
      MSH in the locust brain by its biological effect on frog skin and by high
      pressure liquid chromatography in combination with radioimmunological and
      biological detection methods. Parallel radioimmunoassay (RIA) curves of crude
      nervous tissue extracts coupled with bioactivity in a very specific bioassay
      suggest similarity between the locust alpha-MSH-like substance and synthetic
      alpha-MSH. The highest concentration of alpha-MSH immunoreactive material in the
      central nervous system was found in the optic lobes, where alpha-MSH
      immunoreactive cell bodies are localized, as was previously shown by
      immunocytochemistry. High concentrations of alpha-MSH immunoreactive material
      were also detected in the thoracic ganglia of the locust ventral nervous system.
      The application of locust brain extracts to gel permeation HPLC resulted in a
      similar elution profile of the bioactive and immunologically active substances,
      both coeluting with synthetic alpha-MSH. As is the case for vertebrate brain
      material, reverse-phase HPLC revealed four alpha-MSH immunoreactive peaks. One of
      the peaks coelutes with monoacetyl-alpha-MSH and other RIA-positive material
      elutes at times close (but not identical) to the methionine sulfoxide forms of
      alpha-MSH. Peak three, however, elutes in a very different position from
      desacetyl-alpha-MSH. Peaks are absent in the position of desacetyl-alpha-MSH.
      Similarity between the locust alpha-MSH-related substance and authentic alpha-MSH
      is discussed.

PMID- 3410298
TI  - Basal and hypothalamic extract-induced luteinizing hormone and prolactin
      secretion by cultured anterior pituitary cells from female turkeys in various
      stages of the reproductive cycle.
AB  - The wet weight of the anterior pituitary gland of the domestic turkey increases
      as the hen progresses through the reproductive cycle. The greatest wet weight was
      observed with anterior pituitary glands from incubating hens, whose weight was
      twice that of anterior pituitary glands from nonphotostimulated hens. Anterior
      pituitary glands from hens in each of the various stages of the reproductive
      cycle were dissociated and cultured, and subsequently basal and hypothalamic
      extract (HE)-induced releases of prolactin (PRL) and luteinizing hormone (LH)
      were compared between cultures containing a defined number of anterior pituitary
      cells. Basal and HE-induced releases of PRL were greatest (P less than 0.05) in
      the cultures of anterior pituitary cells derived from incubating hens, with those
      of laying, photorefractory, and nonphotostimulated hens being successively less
      (P less than 0.05), respectively. HE-induced release of LH was greatest (P less
      than 0.05) in cell cultures derived from nonphotostimulated hens, with cultures
      of cells derived from laying, photorefractory, and incubating hens exhibiting
      successively smaller releases of LH (P less than 0.05), respectively. The
      concentration of HE that induced the first significant increase in the release of
      PRL or LH above that of basal levels also varied with the reproductive stage of
      the donor hens. The changes in circulating PRL levels during the various stages
      of the reproductive cycle reflect changes in anterior pituitary sensitivity to
      hypothalamic releasing activity and/or changes in the PRL releasing capacity of
      the anterior pituitary. In contrast, there does not appear to be a strong
      correlation between anterior pituitary LH releasing capacity in vitro and
      circulating LH levels in the domestic turkey hen.

PMID- 3410299
TI  - Aromatase is concentrated in the proximal pars distalis of tilapia pituitary.
AB  - Aromatase has been identified in the telostean, avian, and mammalian pituitaries,
      although its cellular location(s) is not yet certain. To address this question,
      experiments were performed in tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus), a species which
      has been well characterized with respect to the intraglandular distribution of
      the different pituitary cell types. To estimate aromatase, glands were
      microdissected into rostral pars distalis (RPD), proximal pars distalis (PPD),
      and neurointermediate lobe (NIL) and organs were cultured in the presence of
      [3H]androstenedione for 16-24 hr. [3H]Estrogen products were isolated and
      quantified after ether extraction, hydrolysis with glucuronidase-sulfatase, thin
      layer chromatography, and phenolic partition. Authentic estrone or estradiol-17
      beta were produced by all pituitary regions and also by the urophyseal region of
      the spinal cord. Aromatase was two to five times higher in PPD than in RPD or NIL
      and similar to activity in adjacent hypothalamus-preoptic area (HPOA). Much lower
      estrogen yields were obtained in cultures of cerebellum, urophysis, and other
      cord regions. Since the PPD contains most of the somatotropes, these data are
      consistent with earlier studies implicating GH3/GH4 cell strains as an enriched
      enzyme source, although its presence in other cell types cannot be ruled out. The
      unusually high and localized aromatase in tilapia pituitary renders this species
      a useful model for studying the targets and functional importance of estrogen as
      a parahormone in the pituitary.

PMID- 3410300
TI  - Hormone studies in Myxine glutinosa: failure of calcitonin to influence urine
      flow or plasma and urine electrolyte balance.
AB  - Hagfish, Myxine glutinosa, were used in a series of experiments to determine a
      possible role for calcitonin in plasma and urine electrolyte balance. Individual
      animals were anaesthetised and implanted with polythene cannulae for monitoring
      blood pressure and for infusion/injection. Urine was collected by manual
      palpation of the body surface whilst blood samples were withdrawn from the
      lateral sinus. Following injection of either 1.25 or 3.75 micrograms kg body wt-1
      calcitonin, there was no significant change in either the plasma or urine
      composition of sodium, potassium, calcium, or magnesium ion levels. These results
      indicate that calcitonin may not be involved in electrolyte homeostasis in
      Myxine.

PMID- 3410301
TI  - Effects of estrone and estradiol-17 beta on 25-hydroxycholecalciferol hydroxylase
      activities in female Japanese quail.
AB  - Equimolar amounts of estrone and estradiol-17 beta injected into sexually
      immature female Japanese quail caused comparable increases and decreases in the
      renal activity of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25HCC) 1 alpha-hydroxylase and 25
      hydroxycholecalciferol 24-hydroxylase, respectively. Peak activity of the former
      enzyme was induced by both estrogens within 6 hr and had declined by 24 hr.
      Plasma concentrations of estrone and estradiol following the injection were
      maximal within 3-6 hr of injecting the steroid i.m. Following [3H]estradiol
      injection, 25% of the radioactivity was located with estrone in the plasma
      following separation by TLC. Conversely, following [3H]estrone injection 30% of
      the radioactivity in plasma was located with estradiol. Thus, both estrone and
      estradiol may have physiological effects in quail, which in part may be due to
      their in vivo interconversion. Evidence that prolactin may be mediating the
      estrogenic stimulation of the 25HCC 1 alpha-hydroxylase is also presented.

PMID- 3410302
TI  - Autogenous regulation of the regA gene of bacteriophage T4: derepression of
      translation.
AB  - The regA gene of phage T4 encodes a translational repressor that inhibits
      utilization of its own mRNA as well as the translation of a number of other phage
      induced mRNAs. In recombinant plasmids, autogenous translational repression
      limits production of the RegA protein when the cloned structural gene is
      expressed under control of a strong, plasmid-borne promoter (lambda PL). We have
      found that a genetic fusion which places the regA ribosome binding domain in
      proximity to active translation leads to partial derepression of wild-type RegA
      protein synthesis. The derepression is not due to increased synthesis of regA
      RNA, suggesting that it occurs at the translational level. Derepressed clones of
      the wild-type regA gene were used to overproduce and purify the repressor. In an
      in vitro assay the wild-type target was sensitive and a mutant target was
      resistant to inhibition by the added protein. The results suggest that the
      sensitivity of a regA-regulated cistron to translational repression may depend on
      the competition between ribosomes and RegA protein for overlapping recognition
      sequences in the translation initiation domain of the mRNA.

PMID- 3410303
TI  - The murine dilute suppressor gene dsu suppresses the coat-color phenotype of
      three pigment mutations that alter melanocyte morphology, d, ash and ln.
AB  - The murine dilute suppressor gene, dsu, was identified because of its ability to
      suppress the dilute coat color of mice homozygous for the retrovirally induced
      allele (dv) of the dilute locus (d). dsu is unlinked to the d locus and has
      recently been shown to be semidominantly inherited. The dilute phenotype of d/d
      mice is the consequence of abnormal melanocyte morphology. While wild-type
      melanocytes are dendritic, d/d melanocytes are adendritic. dsu apparently
      suppresses the dilute phenotype by restoring normal melanocyte morphology. In
      addition to d, two other loci, ashen (ash) and leaden (ln), have been identified
      that produce a diluted coat color associated with adendritic melanocytes.
      Interestingly, d and ash are closely linked on chromosome 9 while dsu and ln are
      located on chromosome 1. In experiments described here, we present genetic
      mapping data between ash and d indicating that, despite their identical
      phenotypes, they are separate genes and are not intragenic complementing alleles
      of the same locus. We also show that dsu is only loosely linked to ln
      (approximately 9 cM proximal) and that dsu can suppress, at least partially, the
      coat color of ln/ln mice and ash/ash mice. The partial suppression of ln and ash
      coat colors is associated with the partial restoration of normal melanocyte
      morphology. These studies provide new insights into the mechanism of action of
      dsu and into the interrelationships between members of a family of pigment genes.

PMID- 3410304
TI  - Moving into the community.

PMID- 3410305
TI  - Patient care: feel the quality.

PMID- 3410307
TI  - Rehabilitation: the art of being creative.

PMID- 3410306
TI  - Skin disorders: perfect skin.

PMID- 3410308
TI  - Residential care: spot the difference.

PMID- 3410309
TI  - Direct concern. Interview by Sally Greengross.

PMID- 3410310
TI  - Women in old age: a double-edged sword.

PMID- 3410312
TI  - What can colleges do for nursing?

PMID- 3410311
TI  - Measuring patient dependency.

PMID- 3410314
TI  - Three new t-haplotypes of Mus musculus reveal structural similarities to t
      haplotypes of Mus domesticus.

PMID- 3410313
TI  - The relationship between position and expression of genes on the kangaroo X
      chromosome suggests a tissue-specific spread of inactivation from a single
      control site.

PMID- 3410315
TI  - Evidence that mitochondrial isozymes are genetically less variable than
      cytoplasmic isozymes.

PMID- 3410317
TI  - The rate of polygenic mutation.

PMID- 3410316
TI  - The effect of replicated selection for body weight in mice on vertebral shape.

PMID- 3410318
TI  - Three ENU-induced alleles of the murine quaking locus are recessive embryonic
      lethal mutations.

PMID- 3410319
TI  - Cloning and nucleotide sequence of a cellulase gene, casA, from an alkalophilic
      Streptomyces strain.
AB  - A gene encoding an endo-type semi-alkaline cellulase was cloned from an
      alkalophilic Streptomyces strain in Streptomyces lividans, and its nucleotide
      sequence was determined. Downstream from the transcriptional start point, which
      was determined by high-resolution S1 mapping, an open reading frame of 388 amino
      acids (aa) was present. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the mature enzyme
      determined by an Edman degradation procedure suggested that the cellulase had an
      extraordinarily long leader sequence of about 70 aa. Comparison with the leader
      sequences of endoglucosidase H from Streptomyces plicatus and the cellulase from
      Cellulomonas fimi suggested that the semi-alkaline cellulase was processed in two
      steps during maturation.

PMID- 3410320
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of an actin gene from Arabidopsis thaliana.
AB  - An 1830-bp genomic DNA segment containing an Arabidopsis thaliana actin gene,
      AAc1, has been cloned and sequenced. The AAc1 gene is present as a single-copy
      gene, but at least two other actin-like genes have been detected. Comparison of
      the nucleotide sequence of AAc1 with other cloned plant actin genes reveals four
      exons separated by three introns conservatively located in all plant actin genes.
      The deduced amino acid sequence has also been compared with actin protein
      sequences from other plants.

PMID- 3410321
TI  - Transcription of the Rhodobacter capsulatus nifHDK operon is modulated by the
      nitrogen source. Construction of plasmid expression vectors based on the nifHDK
      promoter.
AB  - We characterized the Rhodobacter capsulatus nifHDK promoter by nucleotide
      sequencing and nuclease S1 analysis of mRNA-protected DNA probes. Comparison of
      this promoter to nifP and ntrP promoters from other species reveals extensive
      homology to the canonical nifP consensus sequence. Using lac fusions we have
      demonstrated that transcription of the nifHDK operon is totally repressed when
      the growth medium is supplemented with ammonia, becomes fully derepressed in
      ammonia-free medium, and proceeds at intermediate levels when other nitrogen
      sources are used. Based on this information, we constructed plasmid expression
      vectors in which the rates of transcription from cloned DNA fragments are
      determined by the nitrogen source used in the growth medium.

PMID- 3410322
TI  - Two transcripts of the same ecdysterone-controlled gene are differentially
      associated with ribosomes.
AB  - The ecdysterone-controlled gene I-18C of Chironomus tentans produces two
      transcripts by differential splicing: a 1.8-kb RNA, with an open reading frame
      (ORF) of 417 nucleotides (nt) and a 4.6-kb RNA, with no ORF longer than 270 nt.
      Centrifugation of cytoplasmic extracts in velocity sedimentation sucrose
      gradients and CsCl-buoyant-density gradients demonstrates that the 1.8-kb RNA is
      incorporated into polysomes. The 4.6-kb RNA, however, exhibits characteristics of
      free ribonucleic acid-protein complexes and monosomes.

PMID- 3410323
TI  - Entrapment of recombinant plasmids in SeaPlaque agarose plugs and their rapid
      purification from recircularised vectors.
AB  - A simple method is described which permits both the separation and concentration
      of circular recombinant plasmids from smaller plasmid vectors that are an
      undesirable by-product of a ligation reaction. SeaPlaque agarose plugs are used
      to entrap open-circular forms of recombinant plasmids during electrophoresis. In
      the example described over 98% of supercoiled, open-circular and linear forms of
      the 2.9-kb Bluescript plasmid vector, as well as the equivalent dimer forms, pass
      through the 1.4% SeaPlaque plug. Circular recombinant plasmids greater in length
      than the vector dimer are entrapped within the plug. By increasing the
      concentration of SeaPlaque, recombinants smaller than the vector dimer are
      retained in the trap, but with a concomitant increase in contamination by open
      circular vector dimers. For most library constructions the high ratio of insert
      to vector used during the ligation reaction reduces the formation of vector
      dimers and makes this level of contamination inconsequential. The recombinant
      plasmids can be extracted readily from the SeaPlaque plug by excising it, melting
      the agarose and extracting with phenol. Alternatively, the excised plug can be
      melted and the recombinant plasmids used to transform bacteria, or mammalian
      cells, directly in the agarose. The procedure should be valuable for cloning
      large inserts for 'jumping' and 'linking' libraries, for large inserts in general
      where recircularisation is a low-frequency event, e.g., minichromosomes, for
      pulsed-field gel electrophoresis applications, and for hosts and vectors where
      genetic selection of the recombinant is not possible.

PMID- 3410324
TI  - Are your older patients a waste of time?

PMID- 3410325
TI  - Primary care and the elderly: the changes to expect. A Geriatrics panel
      discussion.
AB  - The growing number of elderly patients could transform primary care--and in the
      fairly near future. For a medical practice geared toward acute care--ie, fixing
      problems--the coming changes will be technical, financial, and philosophical.
      They will also be necessary, because the current situation in primary care
      geriatrics is deeply flawed. Recently Geriatrics Editor-in-Chief Robert N.
      Butler, MD, convened panelists drawn from various sectors in health care and
      asked them to provide some perspective on the future of primary care physicians
      and their practices, as their patients continue to age.

PMID- 3410326
TI  - Reflections on taking the geriatrics 'special competence' boards.

PMID- 3410327
TI  - Mechanisms of lower oesophageal sphincter incompetence in patients with
      symptomatic gastrooesophageal reflux.
AB  - Patterns of lower oesophageal sphincter (LOS) function associated with the onset
      of 644 reflux episodes were recorded and analysed in 67 patients referred for
      evaluation of gastro-oesophageal reflux (GOR). Patients were studied recumbent,
      for one hour before and four hours after a standard meal. Transient LOS
      relaxation was the most prevalent mechanism and overall accounted for 82% of
      reflux episodes. With increasing severity of oesophagitis, absent basal LOS
      pressure became a progressively more common mechanism, accounting for 23% of
      episodes in the patients with severe oesophagitis. Patients commonly exhibited
      more than one mechanism. The timing of most (69%) LOS relaxations associated with
      reflux was not compatible with triggering by swallowing. Prolonged transient LOS
      relaxations were associated with inhibition of oesophageal peristalsis suggesting
      that this response is produced by neural inhibition. This study suggests the
      primary importance of transient LOS relaxations as the cause of GOR across the
      spectrum of severity of reflux disease.

PMID- 3410329
TI  - Measurement of gastrointestinal pH profiles in normal ambulant human subjects.
AB  - Gastrointestinal (GI) pH has been measured in 66 normal subjects using a pH
      sensitive radiotelemetry capsule passing freely through the gastrointestinal
      tract. Signals were recorded with a portable solid state receiver and recording
      system, enabling unconstrained measurements with normal ambulatory activities for
      up to 48 h during normal GI transit. Capsule position in the gut was monitored by
      surface location using a directional detector. Gastric pH was highly acidic
      (range 1.0-2.5) in all subjects. The mean pH in the proximal small intestine was
      6.6 (0.5) for the first hour of intestinal recording. By comparison the mean pH
      in the terminal ileum was 7.5 (0.4) (p less than 0.001). In all subjects there
      was a sharp fall in pH to a mean of 6.4 (0.4) (p less than 0.001) as the capsule
      passed into the caecum. Values are means (SD). pH then rose progressively from
      the right to the left colon with a final mean value of 7.0 (0.7) (p less than
      0.001).

PMID- 3410328
TI  - Comparison of intravenous edrophonium and oesophageal acid perfusion during
      oesophageal manometry in patients with non-cardiac chest pain.
AB  - Sixty consecutive patients referred for evaluation of non-cardiac chest pain had
      oesophageal manometry. Motility was assessed basally, after edrophonium 80
      micrograms/kg iv and during oesophageal perfusion with 0.1 N HCl at 6 and 14
      ml/min for eight and seven minutes respectively. A positive response, defined as
      symptom reproduction with or without abnormal motility, was present in 21
      patients (35%) after acid perfusion and 12 (20%) after edrophonium. Eleven of the
      12 patients responding to edrophonium also responded to acid perfusion, including
      most of the patients with primary motility disorders. Significantly greater
      increases in peristaltic duration, but not amplitude, were recorded after
      edrophonium (p less than 0.01) and acid perfusion (p less than 0.05) in positive
      responders, compared with non-responders. Results indicate that acid perfusion
      during oesophageal manometry may be a more useful stress test than edrophonium
      and that the mechanism of symptom production may be similar.

PMID- 3410330
TI  - Further characterisation of the 'ileal brake' reflex in man--effect of ileal
      infusion of partial digests of fat, protein, and starch on jejunal motility and
      release of neurotensin, enteroglucagon, and peptide YY.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that ileal infusion of partially digested
      triglyceride inhibits jejunal motility. The partial digest used in those studies
      contained a mixture of glycerol, free fatty acid, mono-, di-, and triglycerides.
      In Part I of the present study we have separately infused emulsions containing
      either glycerol 3.1 g (n = 6), oleic acid 9.6 g (n = 6), triolein 10 g (n = 12),
      or medium chain triglycerides 10 g (n = 6) into the ileum and have recorded the
      effect this has on jejunal motility. Five further subjects received infusions of
      partial hydrolysates of corn starch 10 g and lactalbumin 7 g. Marked inhibition
      of jejunal pressure wave activity was seen after all three lipid infusions, per
      cent activity falling from a control of 37.7 (7.7) to 6.2 (2.1) and 22.4 (8.2)%
      30 min after completing the oleic acid and triolein infusions respectively, and
      from a control value of 39.5 (4.1) to 17.7 (4.7) after MCTs (all p less than
      0.05). No significant fall occurred after infusion of glycerol, protein or
      carbohydrate. All three lipid infusions raised plasma concentrations of
      neurotensin, enteroglucagon and peptide YY equally effectively, although only the
      rise in peptide YY correlated significantly with the inhibition of jejunal
      pressure wave activity (r = 0.80, n = 6, p less than 0.05). In Part II of this
      study six subjects received a 3 ml/min jejunal infusion of an isotonic
      carbohydrate saline solution followed after three hours by a similar infusion of
      a partial digest of lipid. During each infusion flow and transit time was
      measured by marker and dye dilution. Jejunal infusion of the carbohydrate-saline
      solution was associated with low jejunal flow, 4.7 (1.0) ml/min and a mean
      transit time through the 50 cm study segment of 36.5 (7.1) min. By contrast
      jejunal infusion of partially digested triglyceride was associated with a
      markedly increased flow, 9.0 (1.2) ml/min, a fall in mean transit time to 20.3
      (2.6) min and significant rises in pancreaticobiliary secretions. Jejunal
      triglyceride also increased the incidence of prolonged high amplitude jejunal
      pressure waves in four of six subjects. These studies suggest that there are
      important differences in the jejunal response to ileal versus jejunal lipid.
      While long and median chain free fatty acids infused into the ileum exert an
      inhibitory effect on jejunal motility, when infused directly into the jejunum
      partially digested triglyceride accelerates transit, increases jejunal flow and
      subtly alters the pattern of jejunal contractions.

PMID- 3410331
TI  - Effect of bicarbonate on efficacy of oral rehydration therapy: studies in an
      experimental model of secretory diarrhoea.
AB  - In situ perfusion of rat intestine was used to evaluate the effect of bicarbonate
      on the efficacy of a low sodium (35 mmol/l) glucose-electrolyte oral rehydration
      solution in normal and cholera toxin-treated rat small intestine. In normal
      intestine, absorption of water was greater (108 (8.1) microliters/min/g; p less
      than 0.01) and sodium secretion less (-4.3 (0.3) mumol/min/g; p less than 0.01)
      from the oral rehydration solution containing bicarbonate than from the solution
      in which bicarbonate was replaced by chloride ions (59.5 (7.2) microliters/min/g
      and -7.8 (0.8) mumol/min/g, respectively). Glucose absorption in normal intestine
      was similar with both solutions. In the secreting intestine, both oral
      rehydration solutions reversed net water secretion to absorption, but inclusion
      of bicarbonate resulted in significantly less net absorption of both water (2.18
      (6.9) microliters/min/g; p less than 0.05) and glucose (18.7 (2.1) mumol/min/g; p
      less than 0.001) compared with bicarbonate free oral rehydration solution (19.4
      (3.9) microliters/min/g and 35.8 (3.7) mumol/min/g, respectively). Net sodium
      secretion occurred in normal and secreting intestine but was significantly less
      with the bicarbonate containing oral rehydration solution. These findings suggest
      that the demonstrable advantage of bicarbonate in promoting water absorption from
      this oral rehydration solution in normal rat intestine does not apply to cholera
      toxin treated secreting intestine.

PMID- 3410332
TI  - Mucosal biotransformation rates in the small intestine of children.
AB  - Biotransformation of ingested xenobiotics is known to take place in the
      gastrointestinal mucosa of laboratory animals and adult humans as well as in the
      liver. We studied the activities of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase, epoxide
      hydrolase, and glutathione peroxidase in 242 peroral small intestinal biopsy
      samples of children aged eight months to 18 years: 201 with normal histology, 21
      with partial villous atrophy, and 20 with severe villous atrophy. All these
      enzymes were detectable even in the youngest children. The aryl hydrocarbon
      hydroxylase activity was age dependent, while the other measured enzyme
      activities were not related to the age of the patients. The aryl hydrocarbon
      hydroxylase activity was not related to the mucosal histology, but the epoxide
      hydrolase and glutathione peroxidase activities were diminished in samples with
      severe villous atrophy as compared with normal mucosa. This suggests that small
      intestinal mucosa with villous atrophy may produce oxidated, reactive
      metabolites, but further metabolism into detoxication products is decreased. This
      may expose persons with mucosal atrophy to possible harmful effects of
      environmental xenobiotics entering the body even at low doses.

PMID- 3410333
TI  - Local immunity in ulcerative colitis: evidence for defective secretory IgA
      production.
AB  - To investigate local humoral immunity in ulcerative colitis (UC), immunoglobulin
      (Ig) contents and net Ig production in vitro was assessed using organ cultures of
      colonic biopsies from 21 patients with quiescent disease and 11 controls. Ig was
      estimated by enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA) for IgA, secretory IgA (sIgA),
      IgM, and IgG. In parallel, numbers of IgA plasma cells were estimated by indirect
      immunoperoxidase staining of tissue sections for IgA. IgA was the dominant Ig
      isotype found pre-existing in colonic mucosae, and secreted in vitro. In UC
      patients, preformed tissue IgA and IgA produced in vitro were significantly
      increased compared with controls. There was no concomitant increase in amounts of
      sIgA synthesised in culture, however, although numbers of IgA plasma cells were
      increased in UC patients by an amount comparable with the increased in vitro IgA
      production. These results directly show a dysfunction of transepithelial IgA
      secretion in quiescent ulcerative colitis. Despite a significantly raised
      concentration of tissue IgG in UC patients, little was produced in vitro in
      patient and control groups alike, suggesting that mucosal IgG was serum derived,
      and not linked to local IgA production.

PMID- 3410334
TI  - Dynamic scanning defines a colonic defect in severe idiopathic constipation.
AB  - A technique is described in which a chemical stimulus applied to the mucosa of
      the right colon is used to assess colonic motor function. Peroral intubation of
      the right colon was achieved using a fine polyvinylchloride (PVC) tube. Bisacodyl
      was used to initiate colonic motor activity, and colonic transit was monitored
      using 99mTc-DPTA and a gamma camera. In normal subjects there was rapid movement
      of the radiopharmaceutical from the right colon to the rectum. In patients with
      severe idiopathic constipation, a spectrum of colonic abnormality was observed
      from slow transit involving the rectum and sigmoid only to slow transit involving
      the whole colon. The hepatic flexure to rectum transit time for the 'head of the
      isotope column' in normals ranged from 1-10 minutes (mean 5.3 minutes), whereas
      in patients the transit time was 14-25 minutes in four patients and radioisotope
      did not reach the rectum by two hours in three other patients (controls v
      patients, p less than 0.01). Patients also showed relatively impaired transport
      of the isotope 'mass'. This technique has shown that the normal colon is capable
      of rapid effective transport in response to a standard stimulus, and that
      patients with severe idiopathic constipation have a definable colonic motor
      disorder.

PMID- 3410335
TI  - Intravascular coagulation in acute liver failure in rats and its treatment with
      antithrombin III.
AB  - Liver damage was induced in rats by injection of dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) or
      carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Fibrin clots were observed in the hepatic sinusoids
      at 12 hours and soluble fibrin monomer complexes were markedly detected at 24
      hours only in the rats given DMN. When antithrombin III concentrate was infused
      at 12 hours there was a dose dependent improvement of the values of serum total
      bilirubin, SGPT, prothrombin time, peripheral platelet count, and plasma
      fibrinogen and coagulation factor VIIIC and of the histological degree of liver
      injury at 24 hours in the DMN group. The CCl4-group showed no such improvement.
      Intravascular coagulation may complicate the course of certain types of acute
      liver injury and contribute to its aggravation in rats. Under such circumstances,
      treatment with antithrombin III concentrate would be beneficial.

PMID- 3410336
TI  - Endometriosis and the gut.
AB  - Six patients with endometriosis involving the intestine are described and
      illustrate the variety of symptoms which may occur in this condition, many of
      which are frequently associated with the more common gastrointestinal illnesses.
      A correct preoperative diagnosis based on history, clinical examination,
      radiology, and endoscopy may be difficult to make, and when first discovered at
      laparotomy endometriosis can easily be mistaken for other inflammatory, or
      neoplastic processes. A histological diagnosis should always be made before
      definitive treatment.

PMID- 3410337
TI  - Disposable pudendal nerve stimulator: evaluation of the standard instrument and
      new device.
AB  - A disposable version of the pudendal nerve stimulator using flexible printed
      circuit (FPC) technology has been developed and manufactured in our department.
      Evaluation of this instrument against the standard is reported.

PMID- 3410339
TI  - Proceedings of the 19th annual meeting of the Society of Gynecologic Oncologists.
      Miami, Florida, February 1988.

PMID- 3410338
TI  - Cleaning and disinfection of equipment for gastrointestinal flexible endoscopy:
      interim recommendations of a Working Party of the British Society of
      Gastroenterology.
AB  - 1. All patients undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy must be considered 'at
      risk' for HIV and appropriate cleaning/disinfection measures taken for endoscopes
      and accessories. 2. Thorough manual cleaning with detergent, of the instrument
      and its channels is the most important part of the cleaning/disinfection
      procedure. Without this, blood, mucus and organic material will prevent adequate
      penetration of disinfectant for inactivation of bacteria and viruses. 3. Aldehyde
      preparations (2% activated glutaraldehyde and related products) are the
      recommended first line antibacterial and antiviral disinfectant. A four minute
      soak is recommended as sufficient for inactivation of vegetative bacteria and
      viruses (including HIV and HBV). 4. Quaternary ammonium detergents (8% Dettox for
      two minutes for bacterial disinfection), followed by exposure of the endoscope
      shaft and channels to ethyl alcohol (70% for four minutes for viral
      inactivation), is an acceptable second-line disinfectant routine where staff
      sensitisation prevents the use of an aldehyde disinfectant. 5. Accessories,
      including mouthguards and cleaning brushes, require similarly careful
      cleaning/disinfection, before and after each use. Disposable products (especially
      injection needles) may be used and appropriate items can be sterilised by
      autoclaving and kept in sterile packs. 6. Closed circuit endoscope washing
      machines have advantages in maintaining standards and avoiding staff
      sensitisation to disinfectants. Improved ventilation including exhaust extraction
      facilities may be required. 7. Endoscopy staff should receive HBV vaccination,
      wear gloves and appropriate protective garments, cover wounds or abrasions and
      avoid needlestick injuries (including spiked forceps, etc). 8. Known HIV-infected
      or AIDS patients are managed as immunosuppressed, and require protection from
      atypical mycobacteria/cryptosporidia etc, by one hour aldehyde disinfection of
      endoscopic equipment before and after the procedure. A dedicated instrument is
      not required. 9. Increased funding is necessary for capital purchases of GI
      endoscopic equipment, including extra and immersible endoscopes with additional
      accessories to allow for safe practice. 10. Greater numbers of trained GI
      assistants are needed to ensure that cleaning/disinfection recommendations and
      safety precautions are followed, both during routine lists and emergency
      endoscopic procedures. 11. These recommendations are based on expert
      interpretation of current data on infectivity and disinfection; they may require
      future modification.

PMID- 3410340
TI  - Gynecologic oncology--preparing for the third decade.

PMID- 3410341
TI  - Plasminogen activator secretion by established lines of human ovarian carcinoma
      cells in vitro.
AB  - Ten human ovarian carcinoma cell lines (A121, A121[as], Caov-3, Caov-4, NIH:OVCAR
      3, OVCA 420, OVCA 429, OVCA 432, OVCA 433, and SK-OV-3) were examined for
      secretion of plasminogen activators (PAs) using a chromogenic PA assay and SDS
      PAGE zymography. PA activity was detected in conditioned media from all 10 cell
      lines. PA levels secreted by the 10 individual lines in a 24-hr period spanned a
      large range, with the extremes being 8 and 5244 milliPloug units (mPU)/10(6)
      cells for SK-OV-3 and OVCA 420 cells, respectively. Secreted PAs were identified
      as urokinase (UK)-like or tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)-like using dual
      criteria of comigration with UK or tPA standards on SDS-PAGE zymography and
      fibrin-dependence characteristics. Using both criteria, all 10 cell types
      produced UK-like activity, while tPA-like activity was produced by only 5 of the
      lines: A121[as], Caov-3, NIH:OVCAR-3, OVCA 429, and OVCA 433. Two additional cell
      lines produced PA activities that were tPA-like if judged by only one of the two
      criteria. Thus, Caov-4 cells produced a PA which comigrated with tPA, yet
      displayed no fibrin-dependent characteristics. Conversely, SK-OV-3 cells produced
      a fibrin-dependent PA, yet a band comigrating with tPA was not seen on SDS-PAGE
      zymography. Two lines derived from primary and ascitic sites from the same
      patient (A121 and A121[as], respectively) produced PAs with markedly different
      characteristics. Thus, PA produced by A121 cells was 100% UK-like, while that
      produced by A121[as] cells was greater than 90% tPA-like. Also, the total PA
      activity secreted by A121 cells was four times that secreted by A121[as] cells.
      In addition to bands comigrating with UK or tPA, all of the cell lines except
      Caov-3 and NIH:OVCAR-3 displayed higher molecular weight PA activities suggestive
      of the SDS-stable complexes between PAs and PA inhibitors reported in other cell
      types. While our results indicate that PA production may be a general
      characteristic of ovarian carcinoma cells in culture, individual patterns of UK
      and tPA production appear to be complex and vary from cell line to cell line. The
      precise characteristics of PA production in a given cell line may therefore
      depend on currently unidentified characteristics of the original tumor.

PMID- 3410342
TI  - Whole abdominal radiotherapy following cytoreductive surgery and chemotherapy in
      ovarian carcinoma.
AB  - Persistent or recurrent disease following surgery and chemotherapy in ovarian
      carcinoma remains a major therapeutic dilemma. Between January 1980 and December
      1985, there were 26 patients who had previously undergone cytoreductive surgery
      and chemotherapy and were treated with external beam radiotherapy. Twenty-one of
      these patients had been treated with platinum-adriamycin-cytoxan (PAC) regimen
      and 5 were treated with other combinations. Surgical reevaluation was performed
      in 21 of the 26 patients and only 4/21 (19%) patients were free of disease. All
      26 patients were irradiated with a planned dose of 2500 cGy/100 cGy/day or 2280
      cGy/120 cGy/day to the whole abdomen and a final calculated dose to the pelvis of
      4500 cGy. Initial evaluation showed a 3-year actuarial survival rate of 51% and a
      disease-free survival rate of 42%. Follow-up analysis yields survivals of 45 and
      35%, respectively. Severe gastrointestinal complications were observed in 3/26
      patients and all hematologic complications resolved. Variables of prognostic
      significance were chemotherapy tolerance, grade, and volume of residual disease.
      We conclude that a proportion of patients with disease following cytoreductive
      surgery and chemotherapy may be salvaged with abdominopelvic irradiation.

PMID- 3410343
TI  - Hyperfractionation of whole-abdomen radiation therapy: salvage treatment of
      persistent ovarian carcinoma following chemotherapy.
AB  - Whole-abdomen radiation therapy has been utilized as primary adjunctive therapy
      in the management of epithelial ovarian carcinomas with encouraging results. The
      results reported when using standard fractionation protocols in patients with
      recurrent or persistent ovarian carcinoma have been poor and treatment-related
      toxicities have been severe. There are reported theoretical and clinical
      advantages of hyperfractionation of ionizing radiation in treating malignancies.
      Fifteen patients have been treated with a twice-a-day whole-abdomen, open-field
      radiation technique delivering 80 cGy per fraction, to a total dose of 3040 cGy
      in 19 treatment days. All patients had Stage III epithelial ovarian carcinoma
      with persistent disease detected at pretreatment laparotomy after cis-platinum
      based chemotherapy. All patients had moderately to poorly differentiated tumors
      with residual disease less than 1 cm. Acute side effects of treatment included
      mild to moderate nausea and diarrhea. Thrombocytopenia (less than 50,000) was
      noted in five patients. No bleeding or infectious complications were noted, and
      no patient required hospital admission for side effects. Disease recurred in nine
      patients with two still alive 13 and 52 months after starting irradiation. Six
      patients are currently alive without evidence of disease at follow-up, ranging
      from eight to 48 months. The mean survival to date is 20 months with four
      patients alive more than 2 years, and two patients alive for greater than 3 years
      from their radiation therapy. Patient tolerance has been acceptable, and both the
      short and long-term toxicities are minimal. Late side effects of treatment have
      not been noted. This technique offers a chance for a long, disease-free interval
      and possible cure in well-defined cases of chemotherapy-treated patients with
      persistent ovarian carcinoma.

PMID- 3410345
TI  - Unrecognized invasive carcinoma in vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN).
AB  - Sixty-nine patients having had pretreatment biopsy diagnosis of vulvar
      intraepithelial neoplasia were treated with surgical excision of all visible
      lesions. Complete surgical specimens were submitted for pathological study in an
      attempt to identify occult invasive vulvar carcinoma. Unsuspected invasion was
      noted in 13 patients (18.8%). Superficial invasion (less than 1 mm) was seen in 8
      patients, 4 had greater than 1 mm of invasion, and one verrucous carcinoma was
      identified. Patients of advancing age with disease that had a raised and
      irregular surface pattern were more likely to have lesions with occult invasion.
      Treatment that utilizes ablative techniques cannot be recommended based on the
      use of preoperative representative biopsies.

PMID- 3410344
TI  - Analysis of prognostic features in adenocarcinoma of the cervix.
AB  - Uncertainties regarding the clinical behavior and management of women with
      primary adenocarcinoma of the cervix persist. A series of 162 patients was
      evaluated with emphasis on histopathology, clinical features, treatment, and
      survival. Sixty-seven patients underwent radical hysterectomy alone, 65 patients
      underwent radiation therapy alone, while the remainder were treated with combined
      surgery and radiotherapy. When compared to a matched series of squamous cell
      carcinoma patients, no statistical differences in survival could be demonstrated.
      Clinical stage (P less than 0.001) and lesion size (P less than 0.001) were the
      most important prognostic factors for the entire series. Patients with
      adenocarcinoma of varied histologic patterns were compared to patients with
      adenosquamous lesions and no statistical difference in survival could be
      demonstrated. Multivariate analysis of those women with Stage I adenocarcinoma of
      the cervix identified risk groups based on tumor grade, lesion size, and patient
      age. Patients in the low risk group had a 5-year survival of 89.5% while patients
      in the intermediate and high risk groups had 5-year survival rates of 68.4 and
      37.3%, respectively. In patients with Stage I well-differentiated lesions
      survival was excellent, independent of lesion size.

PMID- 3410346
TI  - HIV status and positive Papanicolaou screening: identification of a high-risk
      population.

PMID- 3410347
TI  - Application of an ATP-bioluminescence assay in human tumor chemosensitivity
      testing.
AB  - Intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the primary energy unit of living
      cells, and can be quantitated by measuring the light generated with luciferase
      luciferin reagent in a luminometer. The use of an ATP-bioluminescence assay, to
      determine tumor cell viability after exposure to chemotherapeutic agents, has
      been adapted to test tumor chemosensitivity in vitro. This presentation will
      illustrate the method of the ATP-chemosensitivity assay (ATP-CSA) using an
      ovarian cancer cell line NIHL:OVCAR-3 as an example and present preliminary data
      on 54/56 successful in vitro ATP-CSA's from 46 patients with pelvic malignancies.
      Fresh human tumor specimens were generally tested for single and combined drug
      effects at two drug concentrations (0.2 X and 1 X peak plasma concentrations).
      Correlation of in vitro drug sensitivity and in vivo patient response was
      obtained for 23 treatment regimens in 22 patients with ovarian carcinoma. The
      true positive rate was 100% and the true negative rate 66.7%. Our data
      demonstrate (a) that the ATP-CSA, measuring total cell viability, is a feasible
      in vitro assay for human tumor drug testing and (b) that specific criteria of in
      vitro chemosensitivity for this assay need to be defined by further studies, for
      single and combined drug exposure at different concentrations, to permit a
      meaningful correlation with in vivo clinical response.

PMID- 3410348
TI  - Anterior pelvic exenteration.

PMID- 3410350
TI  - Debulking surgery for ovarian cancer with the Cavitron Ultrasonic Surgical
      Aspirator (CUSA)--a preliminary report.
AB  - The Cavitron Ultrasonic Surgical Aspirator (CUSA) can be used to fragment and
      aspirate tissue precisely. The CUSA was utilized as an adjunctive procedure to
      standard operative techniques to optimally debulk 11 women with advanced
      epithelial carcinoma of the ovary. No significant intraoperative or postoperative
      complications were encountered. It is suggested that this technique may be safely
      attempted in combination with the standard surgical techniques for debulking
      nonfibrous ovarian tumors or may allow removal of nonfibrous tumor masses which
      cannot be resected safely utilizing the standard surgical techniques. The authors
      found the CUSA's efficiency was limited in dense and fibrotic tissue. On the
      basis of our experience with this small number of patients, we believe this
      technique deserves further study.

PMID- 3410349
TI  - Cytogenetics of an endometrial adenocarcinoma cell line and its implications.
AB  - Despite the fact that adenocarcinoma of the endometrium is currently the most
      common gynecologic malignancy in the United States, few chromosomal studies have
      been done to date characterizing this disease. HEC-1A, a cell line used by many
      laboratories as a reference cell line for endometrial carcinoma, has never been
      subjected to definitive karyotyping. For this reason, with the use of improved
      banding techniques, this has now been accomplished, and several consistent
      abnormalities have been identified. There was a marker chromosome formed from an
      insertion of 2q21, probably representing an insertion of the lacking chromosome
      14. In addition, there was a translocation to the telomeric region of 1p; and
      trisomies of 3, 7, and 17. Many of these abnormalities are known to consistently
      be associated with other primary malignancies. In addition, the chromosomes in
      which trisomy is noted carry genes associated with epidermal growth factor and
      estrogen receptors, which also bear marked homology to known oncogenes. It would
      appear that further detailed studies of various grades and stages of endometrial
      carcinoma, as well as histologic types and "precursor lesions," may lead to an
      understanding of those chromosomal changes associated with disease initiation and
      progression.

PMID- 3410351
TI  - Wertheim hysterectomy in the geriatric population.
AB  - A series of 38 patients 65 years of age or older who underwent Wertheim
      hysterectomy for primary treatment of stages IB and IIA (FIGO) carcinoma of the
      cervix is reported. There were no ureteral fistulas and no perioperative
      mortality, but 4 of the patients required reoperation. A control population of
      320 patients less than age 65 was identified who had been treated in the same
      fashion and who resembled the older group in regard to stage, histologic
      features, grade, and incidence of pelvic nodal metastasis. Transfusion
      requirements and incidence of postoperative lower extremity edema were similar
      between groups. Febrile morbidity was less frequent in the geriatric group (P =
      0.03) but postoperative small bowel obstruction (P = 0.01), bladder dysfunction
      (P = 0.06), and pulmonary emboli were more frequent (P = 0.11). Five-year cancer
      specific Kaplan-Meier survival estimates were 84 and 85% for the geriatric and
      younger patient populations, respectively.

PMID- 3410352
TI  - Therapy of ovarian carcinoma: the relationship of dose level and treatment
      intensity to survival.
AB  - Following primary maximal cytoreduction, 71 previously untreated patients with
      advanced epithelial ovarian carcinoma received at least six courses of
      combination chemotherapy consisting of cisplatin, doxorubicin, and
      cyclophosphamide. The cumulative dose (CD) through three (CD3) and six (CD6)
      courses was calculated for each drug and for all drugs combined. The dose
      intensity (DI) through three (DI3) and six (DI6) courses was calculated for each
      drug by dividing CD3 and CD6 by the interval (in weeks) between surgery and the
      third and sixth course. The interval from surgery to the third or sixth course
      had no effect on survival. Similarly, there was no significant difference in
      survival between patients with high and low CD3 or CD6 for any drug or for all
      drugs combined. Patients with high DI6 for cisplatin, doxorubicin, and all drugs
      combined survived significantly longer than those with low DI6. The survival
      difference for patients with high and low DI6 for cyclophosphamide approached,
      but did not attain, statistical significance at the 0.05 level. The intensity
      with which combination chemotherapy is administered may have an impact upon
      survival in patients with ovarian carcinoma.

PMID- 3410353
TI  - Epidemiology of adenocarcinoma of the cervix.
AB  - Three hundred thirty-three patients who presented with cervical carcinoma from
      November 1980 through June 1985 were compared for potential factors associated
      with histology. Sixteen percent of all patients presenting with cervical
      carcinoma during this 5-year period had an adenocarcinomatous histology. Emphasis
      was placed on demographic and socioeconomic factors. The histologic distribution
      was the following: epidermoid carcinoma 279, adenocarcinoma 28, and
      adenoepidermoid carcinoma 26. The latter two histologies were not different for
      any factors and therefore combined for statistical comparison with epidermoid
      carcinoma. When epidermoid (E) carcinoma of the cervix was compared with the
      histologies having an adenocarcinomatous component (A), the following demographic
      and socioeconomic factors were statistically, different (P less than 0.05):
      Unemployment (E 69% vs. A 46%) P less than 0.002; Income less than $6000/yr (E
      48% vs. A 26%) P less than 0.005; Less than a 12th-grade education (E 85% vs. A
      72%) P less than 0.05; Smokers (E 67% vs. A 40%) P less than 0.001; First coital
      experience less than 18 years (E 58% vs. A 39%) P less than 0.05. Age, parity,
      and number of sexual partners were not significantly different between the
      epidermoid and adenocarcinoma groups. The number of patients with stages II, III,
      and IV was too small to provide a meaningful statistical comparison of survival
      for the two histologies. Our data suggest that epidermoid and adenocarcinoma of
      the cervix may represent diseases with distinct populations at risk.

PMID- 3410354
TI  - Prognostic factors in early vulvar cancer.
AB  - Prognostic parameters were evaluated in 22 patients with small (less than or
      equal to 2 cm) superficially invasive (less than 5 mm) squamous cell carcinoma of
      the vulva. Primary surgery included radical vulvectomy with bilateral superficial
      and deep inguinal lymph node dissection in 11 patients, and wide local excision
      with ipsilateral superficial inguinal lymph node dissection in 11 patients. Of
      the 22 patients studied, only 2 (9%) had lymph node metastases. Both patients had
      a single positive ipsilateral superficial inguinal node. Perineural invasion was
      strongly associated with lymph node metastases (P less than 0.01). In this group
      of patients, grade, depth of invasion, lymph-vascular space invasion, and
      lymphoplasmacytic infiltration were not predictive of lymph node metastases (P
      greater than 0.05). Two patients initially treated with wide local excision and
      ipsilateral superficial inguinal lymph node dissection developed recurrent vulvar
      neoplasia on the contralateral vulva, and both were successfully retreated by
      wide local excision. All patients are presently alive and well with no evidence
      of disease. None of the histomorphologic parameters studied were predictive of
      tumor recurrence. These data suggest that wide local excision with ipsilateral
      superficial inguinal lymphadenectomy is effective in the treatment of patients
      with small, superficially invasive carcinomas of the vulva.

PMID- 3410355
TI  - Use of a murine model for comparison of intravenous and intraperitoneal cisplatin
      in the treatment of microscopic ovarian cancer.
AB  - The most effective method for the delivery of cisplatin chemotherapy in the
      treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer limited to the presence of microscopic
      intraperitoneal disease is a controversial issue. The use of intravenous (iv)
      versus intraperitoneal (ip) cisplatin was evaluated in a murine tumor model of
      human epithelial ovarian cancer. Using single dose cisplatin therapy for
      microscopic disease limited to positive cytology of abdominal disease and
      microscopic peritoneal involvement, ip therapy had significantly greater (P less
      than 0.001) survival time than iv therapy (28 +/- 1.6 days vs. 23 +/- 1.6 days,
      respectively). Once ascites and macroscopically evident intraperitoneal tumor
      became apparent, no difference could be found in survival time based on iv versus
      ip therapy (16 +/- 3 days for both groups); though both forms of therapy
      significantly (P less than 0.05) prolonged survival in mice with macroscopic
      disease when compared to control animals (13 +/- 1.2 days). The evidence
      presented implies that ip cisplatin therapy is significantly more effective than
      iv therapy when dealing with microscopic intraperitoneal disease.

PMID- 3410356
TI  - An evaluation of stage II vaginal clear cell adenocarcinoma according to
      substages.
AB  - Of the 76 cases of stage II vaginal clear cell adenocarcinoma reviewed, the
      lesion involved the vesicovaginal and/or rectovaginal septa (IIc) in 19, the
      paravaginal/parametrial tissues without extension onto the pelvic sidewall (IIb)
      in 8, and the subvaginal tissue without paravaginal/parametrial or septal
      infiltration (IIa) in 36; the substage could not be determined in 13 cases. The
      three substage groups were similar with regard to maternal hormone history,
      greatest tumor diameter, depth of invasion, cross-sectional tumor area, location
      of the lesion in the vagina, predominant histologic pattern and cell type,
      mitoses, grade, lymph node status, and treatment modality. Actuarial survival
      rates at 5 and 10 years for all patients with stage II vaginal clear cell
      adenocarcinoma were 83 and 62%, respectively. The recurrence and survival
      experiences for the three substage groups were similar. The data available do not
      suggest any clinical benefit to categorizing cases of stage II vaginal clear cell
      adenocarcinoma into substages.

PMID- 3410357
TI  - Estrogen and progestin receptor levels as prognosticators for survival in
      endometrial cancer.
AB  - The survival of 213 postmenopausal patients with primary endometrial cancer was
      analyzed as a function of clinicopathologic features and cytosol steroid receptor
      levels. Estrogen receptor (ER) levels (P = 0.008) and progestin receptor (PR)
      levels (P = 0.0001) were negatively correlated with grade. ER and PR levels were
      positively correlated with each other (P = 0.0001), but neither was correlated
      with age. In 187 patients with stages I and II, ER positivity (greater than or
      equal to 20 fmole/mg cytosol protein (cp] was statistically associated with grade
      (P = 0.007); and PR (greater than or equal to 7 fmole/mg cp) was statistically
      associated with grade (P = 0.001). Univariant analysis revealed that survival for
      the early endometrial cancer patients was significantly dependent upon ER status
      (P = 0.0003), PR status (P = 0.0016), and grade (P = 0.0002). Multivariant
      analysis of ER status, PR status, age, and grade showed that the ER status was a
      significant prognostic factor for survival (P = 0.0168), even if the positivity
      of the PR status was defined at greater than or equal to 50 fmole/mg cp. If ER
      status was divided at 0-19, 20-100, and greater than 100 fmole/mg cp, survival
      was significantly different between the low range group and the other two groups.
      If PR status was divided at 0-6, 7-50, and greater than 50 fmole/mg cp survival
      was significantly different between the first two groups and the high range
      group. Thus, survival in these endometrial cancer patients was better predicted
      by ER status than grade.

PMID- 3410358
TI  - Evaluation of treatment and survival after positive second-look laparotomy.
AB  - During the 9-year interval 1977 through 1985, of 250 patients undergoing second
      look laparotomy, 116 (46%) were found to have clinically occult ovarian
      carcinoma. Salvage therapy consisted of external irradiation in 37,
      intraperitoneal 32P in 12, chemotherapy in 63, and no therapy in 3 or other
      therapy in 1. Eligible follow-up time ranged from 1 to 9 years. The Kaplan-Meier
      projected median time-to-progression and survival were 15 and 22.5 months,
      respectively, with 4-year progression-free and overall survival rates being 21
      and 27%, respectively. Survival was independent of the original stage of disease
      but was significantly influenced by histologic grade and microscopic (55%) versus
      macroscopic (19%) residual tumor after the laparotomy. Projected 4-year salvage
      rates in patients with microscopic or residual disease less than or equal to 5 mm
      was 72, 39, and 19% for intraperitoneal 32P, external irradiation (33/37, whole
      abdominopelvic), and chemotherapy, respectively. However, multivariable analysis
      demonstrated that histologic grade and isotope therapy retained independent
      influence on survival, but no therapeutic advantage for external irradiation over
      chemotherapy was demonstrable. Furthermore, use of regimens that were identical
      to, partially altered from, or different from the first-trial agents did not
      affect chemotherapy salvage rates.

PMID- 3410359
TI  - Urinary gonadotropin fragments (UGF) in cancers of the female reproductive
      system. II. Initial serial studies.
AB  - Levels of UGF, which constitute the free beta-subunit of human chorionic
      gonadotropin, asialo free beta-subunit, and a core fragment of asialo free beta
      subunit, detected by a single immunoradiometric assay, were monitored in the
      urines of 28 woman undergoing therapy for gynecologic cancer (3 cervical, 8
      endometrial, and 17 ovarian). During a 7-month study, 24 of the 28 woman had
      elevated UGF levels (greater than 0.2 ng/ml). Correlation was observed of UGF
      levels and changing clinical status during therapy in 23 of these 24. Normal
      range CA 125 (less than 35 U/ml) was found throughout the study period in 4 of 14
      woman undergoing therapy for serous ovarian malignancy. Three of the 4 had
      elevated UGF levels which accurately followed the course of their disease. These
      preliminary studies suggest that in monitoring therapy of gynecologic cancers
      UGF, alone or with CA 125, warrants evaluation.

PMID- 3410360
TI  - Enhanced activator activity of the mixture of streptokinase and a modified form
      of plasminogen (Lys-plasminogen) in the presence of fibrin: role of
      conformational change of plasminogen.
AB  - Equimolar concentrations of Lys-plasminogen (Lys-PLG) and streptokinase (SK) were
      mixed with various concentrations of fibrin, fibrinogen, fragment D or E
      (potentiating agents). The activity of the mixture was measured by the hydrolysis
      of S-2251. Kinetic analyses indicated that catalytic rate constant (kcat) of the
      hydrolysis of S-2251 increased in the presence of increasing amounts of
      potentiating agents. Km did not change in their presence. Effectiveness of the
      enhancement of the hydrolysis of S-2251 was in the order of fibrin greater than
      fibrinogen greater than E greater than D. It could be concluded that a complex of
      SK, Lys-PLG and potentiating agent is a better enzyme, thus activator, than a
      complex of SK and Lys-PLG. Since Lys-PLG does not change its conformation and its
      activation rate upon interaction with fibrin, the enhanced activator activity of
      complex of SK, Lys-PLG and potentiating agent may not be due to the
      conformational change of Lys-PLG.

PMID- 3410361
TI  - Magnetically driven thrombolytic preparation containing immobilized streptokinase
      targeted transport and action.
AB  - Streptokinase was immobilized on the magnetic carrier at a concentration of 2,000
      2,700 IU/ml of preparation. Thrombosis was induced in both canine carotid
      arteries by means of the vascular wall flap inverting into its lumen. The red,
      completely occluding thrombus was formed inside the vessel 4-5 h later. A
      samarium-cobalt magnet was secured externally to one of the arteries. After the
      clot formation the magnetically immobilized streptokinase was injected
      intravenously. The preparation concentrated in the region of the magnetic field
      action caused complete thrombus degradation and normal blood flow restoration; no
      effect on the clot in the control artery was observed.

PMID- 3410362
TI  - AIDS and haemophilia. A study among Dutch haemophiliacs on the psychological
      impact of the AIDS threat, the prevalence of HIV antibodies and the adoption of
      measures to prevent HIV transmission.
AB  - More than 75% of all Dutch haemophiliacs participated in a mail survey that
      included a section on acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Although no
      cases of haemophilia-related AIDS had been reported in the Netherlands at the
      time of our survey, the threat of AIDS had caused considerable anxiety among
      Dutch haemophiliacs. This had led almost a third of the patients to change their
      therapy schedules. These changes were mostly not beneficial and possibly
      counterproductive, since they were not likely to reduce the risk of human
      immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Measures that were advised to prevent HIV
      transmission, such as the use of condoms, were seldom carried out, even by the
      17% seropositive individuals. We conclude that an increase in the informational
      efforts towards the patients is called for to avoid ill-advised treatment changes
      and to enhance preventive behaviour.

PMID- 3410363
TI  - Influence of the fibrin(ogen) degradation product fragment D on the monolayer
      integrity of cultured vascular endothelial cells. Failure to induce monolayer
      disorganization.
AB  - The effect of purified fibrin(ogen) degradation product fragment D on cultured
      bovine aortic endothelial cells has been investigated. Binding to the cells was
      studied using purified radiolabelled fragment D and assessment of its recently
      postulated deleterious action was made by three different approaches: release of
      51Cr from prelabelled cell layers, uptake of 3H-adenine by the cultivated cells
      as well as determination of residual cell number after exposure to various
      concentrations of fragment D were carried out. None of these methods applied was
      able to detect any harmful effect of the fragment on endothelial cell integrity
      and function in vitro. Neither could a specific interaction of the protein with
      the cultured cells be established. Even huge amounts of fragment D (1 mg/ml)
      exposed to the cells over 20 h did not reveal any alterations in the typical
      monolayer morphology. Thus, fragment D, which is generated in large amounts
      during systemic fibrinolytic treatment, does not exert any perturbation on
      cultured vascular endothelial cells as had previously been proposed.

PMID- 3410364
TI  - [The Israel perinatal census].

PMID- 3410365
TI  - [Psychosocial and surgical aspect of penile prosthesis implantation].

PMID- 3410366
TI  - [Premature foramen ovale closure in newborn of a mother with Ebstein's anomaly].

PMID- 3410367
TI  - [Cerebral palsy and mental retardation].

PMID- 3410368
TI  - [Cecal diverticulitis].

PMID- 3410369
TI  - [Melorheostosis].

PMID- 3410371
TI  - [Grand rounds--tradition and transition].

PMID- 3410370
TI  - [Arthritis and secondary arthrosis of hallucal sesamoids after forefoot
      arthroplasty].

PMID- 3410372
TI  - [Leukoplakia of the urinary tract].

PMID- 3410373
TI  - Home remedies. A sensible approach to finding and eliminating indoor pollutants.

PMID- 3410374
TI  - Radiation exposures from natural background.

PMID- 3410375
TI  - [Effects of E-3123, a new protease inhibitor, on several protease activities and
      on experimental acute pancreatitis].
AB  - 4-(2-Succinimidoethylthio) phenyl 4-guanidinobenzoate (E-3123) potently inhibited
      trypsin, plasmin and thrombin with IC50 values of 3.9 x 10(-8) M, 9.5 x 10(-7) M
      and 1.9 x 10(-6) M, respectively. Experimental acute pancreatitis was induced by
      injection of a mixture of trypsin and taurocholate into the pancreas in rats and
      rabbits or by an application of a closed duodenal loop in dogs. Intravenous
      infusion of E-3123 at 0.03-0.3 mg/kg in rats or at 0.3-3.0 mg/kg in rabbits
      reduced mortality after the induction of pancreatitis in a dose-dependent manner.
      Light microscopy of the pancreas in the E-3123-treated rabbits revealed marked
      decrease in cell necrosis and acinar cell vacuolation. Increase in plasma lipase
      activities associated with the progression of pancreatitis in rabbits was also
      reduced by the infusion of E-3123. In dogs with pancreatitis, increases in serum
      trypsin and lipase activities were significantly reduced by infusion of E-3123 at
      1.0 and 3.0 mg/kg. The efficacies of E-3123 in the in vivo experiments were
      higher than those of nafamostat mesilate. These results show that E-3123 may
      possess suppressing effects on pathogenesis and development of acute
      pancreatitis.

PMID- 3410376
TI  - [Effect of idebenone and various nootropic drugs on lipid peroxidation in rat
      brain homogenate in the presence of succinate].
AB  - The effects of idebenone and various nootropic drugs on lipid peroxidation in rat
      brain homogenate were examined. Idebenone inhibited lipoperoxide (LPO) production
      in brain homogenate in a concentration-dependent manner, with an IC50 of 38
      microM. The inhibition was strongly enhanced (about 100-fold) by adding
      succinate, a substrate in the mitochondrial respiration. The optimal
      concentration of succinate was 0.5 mM. Inhibition of lipid peroxidation in brain
      homogenate by various nootropic drugs in the presence or absence of succinate was
      then examined. Drugs added to the brain homogenate at 100 microM in the absence
      of succinate inhibited LPO production in the order: idebenone greater than
      vinpocetine greater than bifemelane greater than indeloxazine greater than
      calcium hopantenate. However, when the drugs were added at 1 microM in the
      presence of succinate, only idebenone demonstrated inhibition. These results
      suggest that although almost all of the drugs tested inhibit lipid peroxidation
      in brain homogenate, only idebenone is activated by succinate, the other drugs
      being insensitive to this compound.

PMID- 3410377
TI  - [Changes in the potentiation effect of [D-Ala2, Met5]-enkephalin on pressor
      responses to l-adrenaline in adrenal-enucleated rats].
AB  - Physiological significance of colocalization of enkephalin and adrenaline in the
      adrenal medulla was studied by examining pressor responses to concomitant
      administration of [D-Ala2, Met5]-enkephalin (100 micrograms/kg, s.c.) and l
      adrenaline (50 micrograms/kg, s.c.) in adrenalenucleated rats. The adrenal
      medulla of Wistar-Imamichi rats was removed at 3 weeks (3WAdMx) or 12 weeks
      (12WAdMx) of age. Control rats were sham-operated. Blood pressure (BP) was
      measured by the tail-cuff method. 1) A single s.c. injection of enkephalin
      induced a marked rise in BP at 10 min in control male and female and the 3WAdMx
      male rats, whereas the 3WAdMx females showed only a 5 mmHg increase at its
      maximum in the BP following enkephalin administration. 2) In the control male and
      female rats, the 5 min pretreatment with enkephalin enhanced the pressor response
      to l-adrenaline, and the pressor effect of enkephalin plus l-adrenaline was
      suppressed by pretreatment with naloxone (2.5 mg/kg, s.c.). On the other hand, in
      the 3WAdMx male and female rats, the pressor effect of l-adrenaline was almost
      completely suppressed by pretreatment with enkephalin. Moreover, pretreatment
      with naloxone resulted in an increase in BP after administration of enkephalin
      plus l-adrenaline in the 3WAdMx female rats. 3) In contrast to the control female
      rats, the pressor effect of enkephalin plus adrenaline was also enhanced by
      pretreatment with naloxone in the 12WAdMx female rats. The results suggest that
      the lack from immature age of catecholamine and enkephalin which originate from
      the adrenal medulla appears to alter the responsiveness of the BP regulatory
      system to exogenous catecholamine and enkephalin in the rat.

PMID- 3410378
TI  - [Pharmacological studies of some traditional Chinese medicines on gastric
      functions. (2) The effects of oren-gedoku-to (OGT), san'o-syasin-to (SST), antyu
      san (AS) and dai-saiko-to (DST) on gastric acid secretion in rats].
AB  - The effects of OGT, SST, AS and DST on gastric acid secretion stimulated by
      histamine, pentagastrin, carbachol and 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) were studied in
      the perfused stomach of anesthetized rats, and these effects were compared with
      those of cimetidine, 16,16-dimethyl-prostaglandin E2(DMPGE2) and atropine. OGT
      and SST showed little or no effect on the acid secretion induced by histamine or
      carbachol at doses of 100 mg/kg, whereas the former showed a moderate inhibition
      and the latter showed a marked one against pentagastrin-stimulation. AS and DST
      had no effect on the acid secretion induced by carbachol at doses of 100 mg/kg,
      whereas they showed a moderate inhibition against histamine-stimulation, and the
      latter showed a significant inhibition against pentagastrin-stimulation. Further,
      each of the above four drugs showed a significant effect on 2-DG-stimulation.
      Cimetidine (1-10 mg/kg) inhibited gastric acid secretion stimulated by histamine,
      pentagastrin, carbachol or 2-DG in a dose-dependent manner. Similarly, DMPGE2 (10
      micrograms/kg) strongly inhibited acid secretion induced by the four
      secretagogues. Atropine (50 micrograms/kg) inhibited acid secretion induced by
      carbachol or 2-DG, but not that by histamine or pentagastrin. These results
      suggest that OGT, SST, AS and DST clearly affect the mechanism of gastric acid
      secretion, and the site of action of OGT may differ from those of SST, AS and
      DST.

PMID- 3410379
TI  - [Pharmacological studies on the effects of some traditional Chinese medicines on
      gastric functions. (3) The effects of oren-gedoku-to (OGT), san'o-syasin-to
      (SST), antyu-san (AS) and dai-saiko-to (DST) on ethanol- and aspirin-induced
      gastric lesions in rats].
AB  - The effects of OGT, SST, AS and DST on ethanol- and aspirin-induced gastric
      hemorrhagic lesions in rats were studied in comparison with those of sucralfate,
      16,16-dimethyl-prostaglandin E2 (DMPGE2) and cimetidine. 1) OGT given orally at
      doses of 25-250 mg/kg protected gastric mucosa from injury induced by ethanol or
      aspirin. 2) SST prevented the appearance of aspirin-induced lesions at doses more
      than 25 mg/kg, and ethanol-induced lesions at 250 and 500 mg/kg. 3) AS and DST
      inhibited aspirin-induced lesions at more than 250 mg/kg and inhibited ethanol
      induced lesions at 500 mg/kg. 4) Sucralfate (500 mg/kg) significantly prevented
      ethanol- and aspirin-induced lesions. DMPGE2 significantly inhibited ethanol
      induced lesions at doses more than 0.1 micrograms/kg, and it inhibited aspirin
      induced lesions dose-dependently at doses ranging from 0.1 to 5 micrograms/kg.
      Cimetidine significantly inhibited aspirin-induced lesions at doses of 10-250
      mg/kg and inhibited ethanol-induced lesions at doses of 100 and 250 mg/kg. These
      results suggest that OGT, SST, AS and DST have a prophylactic effect on
      ulcerogenics, and the potency of OGT may be superior to those of SST, AS and DST.

PMID- 3410380
TI  - [Theophylline: pharmacokinetics, metabolism and urinary excretion in dogs].
AB  - The disposition of theophylline (aminophylline) administered either parenterally
      or orally to anesthetized dogs was studied. Pharmacokinetics of theophylline (8.2
      mg/kg, n = 10) following intravenous administration could be analyzed by a two
      compartment open model. The half-time (T1/2 beta) of theophylline was 5.63 +/-
      0.83 hr, and the volume of distribution (Vd) was 0.73 +/- 0.04 l/kg. The
      elimination rate constant was 0.37 +/- 0.05 hr-1. Two metabolites of theophylline
      were isolated from urine and identified as 3-methyl xanthine (3-MX) and 1,3
      dimethyl uric acid (1,3-DMU) by HPLC. The dogs excreted about 85% (n = 4) of the
      dose in urine in 24 hr. The majority (2/3) was excreted as changed theophylline,
      i.e., 3-MX 40.2 +/- 3.5% and 1,3-DMU 26.2 +/- 4.3%, while unchanged theophylline
      amounted to 18.2 +/- 2.4%. Absorption of theophylline (8.2 mg/kg, n = 5)
      administered intramuscularly was good as indicated by its high bioavailability
      (101.9 +/- 6.5%), but the value of bioavailability was low in oral administration
      (72.8 +/- 11.8%, n = 5). The percentage of protein binding (about 44%, n = 3-7)
      did not change by increasing the serum concentration (8.2-24.6 micrograms/ml).

PMID- 3410381
TI  - Cyclic histological changes in the pituitary gland of Sparus aurata in
      correlation to the gonadal cycle.

PMID- 3410382
TI  - Normal postnatal development of the mouse eye.

PMID- 3410383
TI  - Cytological study during oocyte differentiation in Culex pipiens molestus
      (Forskal).

PMID- 3410384
TI  - Changes in lipid and cholesterol composition in relation to sex and the moult
      cycle in the crab Portunus pelagicus (L.) and the prawn Penaeus kerathurus (L.).

PMID- 3410385
TI  - Variation of zinc and copper levels with sex and size in different tissues of the
      crab Portunus pelagicus (Linnaeus).

PMID- 3410386
TI  - The effect of methotrexate (MTX) on the small intestine of the mouse. II. An
      electron microscopy study.

PMID- 3410387
TI  - Regeneration of orbitally transplanted hind limbs, after amputation at shank
      level, in stages of the Egyptian toad, Bufo regularis Reuss.

PMID- 3410388
TI  - Observations on intraspecific variation of total protein, amino acid and total
      nonprotein compound levels and their fractions in the muscles, hepatopancreas and
      gonads of two crustaceans, Portunus pelagicus (L.) and Penaeus kerathurus (L.),
      in relation to maturation. I. Total proteins and amino acids.

PMID- 3410389
TI  - Size composition, sex ratio, size at maturity, mating and egg-laying in the crab
      Portunus pelagicus (Linnaeus).

PMID- 3410390
TI  - The incidence of mastocytes in paraganglia.

PMID- 3410391
TI  - Development of the saccus and ductus endolymphaticus of the domestic fowl (Gallus
      gallus f. domestica).

PMID- 3410392
TI  - Fatal intoxication by dextromethorphan: a report on two cases.
AB  - A report is given of two young people who died after intake of dextromethorphan,
      one by suicide and the other for uncertain reasons. To our knowledge this is the
      first reported fatal intoxications with this drug.

PMID- 3410393
TI  - Analysis of human vaginal secretions by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
AB  - Proteins in 68 vaginal secretions from 50 women were analyzed by SDS
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Although there were considerable
      numbers of intermediate types, the secretions could be classified into the
      following groups based on the densitometric patterns. A relatively low
      concentration of 67K protein (albumin) and a high concentration of 52K protein
      (IgG) were the patterns common to pre- and post-menstrual phases and pregnant
      stadium. A relatively high concentration of the 67K protein and a moderate
      concentration of the 52K protein characterized the midcycle. A considerably high
      concentration of 67K protein compared with the 79K (transferrin), 58K (IgA) and
      52K bands was the pattern for menstrual phase and postpartum stage.

PMID- 3410394
TI  - The mechanism of experimental adipocere formation: hydration and dehydrogenation
      in microbial synthesis of hydroxy and oxo fatty acids.
AB  - The enzyme preparations from Flavobacterium meningosepticum solubilized by
      sonication catalyzed not only hydration of oleic acid to produce 10
      hydroxystearic acid but dehydrogenation of this product. The mechanism of the
      hydration and dehydrogenation was proved by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
      of 10-hydroxy and 10-oxostearic acids produced in the presence of D2O or H2(18)O.
      The activity of these enzymes was increased by preincubating Flavobacterium
      meningosepticum with oleic acid.

PMID- 3410395
TI  - A simple method for postmortem detection of acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - The analysis of K/Na ion ratio of myocardium was used for the postmortal
      determination of the early myocardial infarction. The ion content of heart tissue
      was measured with flame spectrometer after the decomposition of myocardium by
      Lumatom tissue solubizer. The ion contents and their ratios correlate well with
      the electrocardiogram, the clinical data, the autopsy and histological findings.
      In some cases the change of the K/Na ion ratio was the only alteration that
      suggested an early stage of myocardial infarction. The Lumatom tissue solubizer
      can be very useful in determination of trace elements from any organic samples.

PMID- 3410396
TI  - Validity testing of the TDx Cocaine Metabolite Assay with human specimens
      obtained after intravenous cocaine administration.
AB  - Clinical specimens obtained from human subjects after intravenous cocaine
      administration were analyzed by the TDx Cocaine Metabolite Assay (TDx) and by
      GC/MS for benzoylecgonine. The TDx results were significantly correlated with
      results by GC/MS assay with no evidence of bias in the TDx assay. All cocaine
      metabolite positive specimens (greater than or equal to 300 ng/ml) were confirmed
      by GC/MS. Detection times to the last positive specimen by TDx assay and GC/MS
      assay of four subjects after a 20-mg intravenous dose of cocaine ranged from 29.3
      to 39.1 h and 27.9 and 36.6 h, respectively. Overall, the TDx assay was found to
      be highly specific and accurate for the detection and measurement of
      benzoylecgonine in urine.

PMID- 3410398
TI  - Forensic problems with AIDS in America.

PMID- 3410397
TI  - Relationship between the concentration of ethanol and methanol in blood samples
      from Swedish drinking drivers.
AB  - Headspace gas chromatography was used to determine the concentration of ethanol
      and methanol in blood samples from 519 individuals suspected of drinking and
      driving in Sweden where the legal alcohol limit is 0.50 mg/g in whole blood (11
      mmol/l). The concentration of ethanol in blood ranged from 0.01 to 3.52 mg/g with
      a mean of 1.83 +/- 0.82 mg/g (+/- S.D.). The frequency distribution was
      symmetrical about the mean but deviated from normality. A plot of the same data
      on normal probability paper indicated that it might be composed of two
      subpopulations (bimodal). The concentration of methanol in the same blood
      specimens ranged from 1 to 23 mg/l with a mean of 7.3 +/- 3.6 mg/l (+/- S.D.) and
      this distribution was markedly skew (+). The concentration of ethanol (x) and
      methanol (y) were positively correlated (r = 0.47, P less than 0.001) and implies
      that 22% (r2) of the variance in blood-methanol can be attributed to its linear
      regression on blood-ethanol. The regression equation was y = 3.6 + 2.1 x and the
      standard error estimate was 0.32 mg/l. This large scatter precludes making
      reliable estimates of blood-methanol concentration from measurements of blood
      ethanol concentration and the regression equation. But higher blood-methanol
      concentrations are definitely associated with higher blood-ethanol in this sample
      of Swedish drinking drivers. Frequent exposure to methanol and its toxic products
      of metabolism, formaldehyde and formic acid, might constitute an additional
      health risk associated with heavy drinking in predisposed individuals. The
      determination of methanol in blood of drinking drivers in addition to ethanol
      could indicate long-standing ethanol intoxication and therefore potential problem
      drinkers or alcoholics.

PMID- 3410399
TI  - [Pediatric prophylactic vaccination].

PMID- 3410400
TI  - [Experimental cerebral infarction, cerebral circulation and metabolism].

PMID- 3410401
TI  - [Lower levels of erythrocyte membrane fluidity and changes in membrane lipids in
      uremic patients].

PMID- 3410402
TI  - Anomalous motoric lateralization and schizophrenia: clinical implications.
AB  - Sixty-five schizophrenic subjects (46 men and 19 women) were tested for motor
      preference and compared to age and sex-matched controls. There were significantly
      more nondextrals among the schizophrenic women. Both male and female nondextral
      schizophrenics were hospitalized more frequently and for longer periods than
      dextral schizophrenics.

PMID- 3410403
TI  - The subacute hospital treatment of the borderline patient--I: An educational
      component.
AB  - Failure to begin the hospital treatment of the "borderline" patient with a
      formulation of the problems requiring hospitalization is an indication of a lack
      of integration in the staff's view of the patient's pathology. This failure may
      dovetail with a basic lack of integration in the patient's personality and
      recapitulate similar confusion and inconsistency within that patient's family. A
      15-minute educational tape about "borderline" illness has been used to enhance
      integration and formulation of problems by staff and patients in a hospital
      setting in which stay is limited to one or two months. The program is described,
      and the taped programs included. "Self-regulatory disorder" is preferred to
      "borderline personality disorder." After one year's experience with the program,
      the staff has been better able to formulate difficulties in clinical discussions
      with patients and their families. The staff has noted a clearcut reduction of
      disruptive impulsive action in this population of hospitalized nonpsychotic
      patients.

PMID- 3410404
TI  - Depressive symptomatology and dexamethasone suppression test in preschool age
      children.
AB  - The association between depressive symptomatology and failure of cortisol
      suppression following dexamethasone administration is explored in a preschool age
      tertiary care psychiatric population. Clinical research investigation of 16
      preschoolers, including 13 inpatients and three outpatients, indicates that a
      broad range of DSM-III depressive symptomatology can be identified in this
      population. Seven patients had a serum cortisol value greater than 5
      micrograms/dl following 1 mg dexamethasone and six of these had diagnoses within
      the depressive spectrum. The appropriateness of DSM-III criteria in this age
      group is discussed and the usefulness of the Preschool Depression Scale as an
      interview guide is reviewed. Difficulties in interpreting the biological findings
      are also reviewed, in addition to possible genetic or environmental influences
      from the family psychiatric history.

PMID- 3410405
TI  - Diagnosis and subtyping of depressive disorders by quantitative
      electroencephalography: I. Discriminant analysis of selected variables in
      untreated depressives.
AB  - Of 88 inpatients admitted for assessment of affective illness, 70 met RDC
      criteria for major depressive disorder. All patients had a quantitative
      electroencephalogram (QEEG) after ten days drug-free. Several QEEG variables were
      examined by multivariate stepwise discriminant analysis of data from patients and
      controls. Measures of interhemispheric coherence, beta activity, and slow wave
      excess were potent discriminators. Depressives were discriminated from normals
      with an accuracy of eighty-six percent. Primary depressives were discriminated
      from alcoholics, primary dementias and normals with an overall accuracy of 76%
      (25% expected by chance). Primary and secondary major depressives were correctly
      classified with 77% accuracy. Unipolar depressives were discriminated from
      bipolar depressives with 88% accuracy. Differential diagnosis and treatment
      implications are discussed.

PMID- 3410407
TI  - Alliances get tough about competing for members.

PMID- 3410406
TI  - Diagnosis and subtyping of depressive disorders by quantitative
      electroencephalography: II. Interhemispheric measures are abnormal in major
      depressives and frequency analysis may discriminate certain subtypes.
AB  - Seventy-six inpatient RDC major depressives (51 primary and 25 secondary), drug
      free for at least ten days, and 93 normals were examined by quantitative
      electroencephalography (QEEG). Multivariate analyses of variance were performed
      on several diagnostic subgroups using QEEG variables identified in an earlier
      study as discriminators. Decreased interhemispheric coherence in the delta and/or
      theta frequency bands was present to a statistically significant degree in
      depressed subjects. Secondary major depressives showed a lesser decrease than did
      primary major depressives in both anterior and posterior brain regions.
      Depression secondary to organic brain syndrome was distinguished from other
      secondary depressions by the presence of significant slow wave excess in the
      former only. The ability of beta activity to discriminate unipolar from bipolar
      major depression was confirmed.

PMID- 3410408
TI  - Centralized data help multi systems plan strategy.

PMID- 3410409
TI  - Feds take aim at continuing care tax exemptions.

PMID- 3410410
TI  - Hospitals begin using UR on their own employees.

PMID- 3410411
TI  - 75% of the public supports mandated benefits.

PMID- 3410412
TI  - Living, breathing success stories help patients.

PMID- 3410413
TI  - Nursing shortage more complex than it seems.

PMID- 3410414
TI  - Testing guidelines dropped as reimbursement tool.

PMID- 3410415
TI  - Insurers, HMOs hit big recession in '87.

PMID- 3410416
TI  - MD malpractice data bank: nobody's happy.

PMID- 3410417
TI  - CT hospitals use outcome data to measure quality.

PMID- 3410419
TI  - Billing errors extend beyond bottom line.

PMID- 3410418
TI  - Declining cash flow hits hospital reserves.

PMID- 3410420
TI  - Picking a vendor: best, brightest, or baloney?

PMID- 3410421
TI  - Survey: most consumers have a preferred hospital.

PMID- 3410422
TI  - Top management salaries inch up to 4.8% in 1988.

PMID- 3410424
TI  - Teens: trading boarding schools for psych wards?

PMID- 3410423
TI  - States seek tighter rules on infectious waste.

PMID- 3410425
TI  - Benefit trends: more employee cost sharing.

PMID- 3410426
TI  - Coalition update.

PMID- 3410427
TI  - Physician time at hospital climbs steadily.

PMID- 3410428
TI  - Mini-residencies help established anesthesiologists.

PMID- 3410429
TI  - Physicians: supply to top utilization.

PMID- 3410430
TI  - Service is the key to McGaw winner's success. Interview by Howard Larkin.

PMID- 3410431
TI  - Buying new technology: whose decision is it?

PMID- 3410432
TI  - Use of bar coding aids productivity.

PMID- 3410433
TI  - Cost management, PPS save the Blues $6 billion: study.

PMID- 3410434
TI  - Financial consulting hit with liability suits.

PMID- 3410435
TI  - First-quarter margins low; outlook gloomy.

PMID- 3410436
TI  - Hospital eases conflict through mediation.

PMID- 3410437
TI  - Hospitals still hiring marketers from outside.

PMID- 3410438
TI  - Courtesy, tech influence health care consumer.

PMID- 3410439
TI  - Marketing's role still unclear, undefined.

PMID- 3410440
TI  - AHA's Touchstone Awards: the winners for 1988.

PMID- 3410441
TI  - Case management plan "unbundles" managed care.

PMID- 3410442
TI  - New HMO hybrids developed as competition soars.

PMID- 3410443
TI  - After tort reform: what's next?

PMID- 3410444
TI  - Network of laws governs resale of products.

PMID- 3410445
TI  - Butt out: smokers "bad risk" for employers.

PMID- 3410446
TI  - Combating alcohol and drug abuse in the workplace.

PMID- 3410447
TI  - Kick the habit: businesses ask hospitals for help.

PMID- 3410448
TI  - MA practice climate one of frustration.

PMID- 3410449
TI  - USMG (United States medical graduate) patterns determine FMG (foreign medical
      graduate) dependence.

PMID- 3410450
TI  - Staff facilitates hospital's mission. Interview by Frank Cerne.

PMID- 3410451
TI  - Choose i.v. delivery systems wisely, study urges.

PMID- 3410452
TI  - Baxter ups ante in the game of high technology.

PMID- 3410453
TI  - Could poor research be leading to poor policy?

PMID- 3410454
TI  - Personnel software brings data to managers.

PMID- 3410455
TI  - Bands involved in primary chromosome rearrangements in sarcomas are not
      constitutionally liable to breakage in sarcoma patients.
AB  - The localization of breakpoints in spontaneous chromosome aberrations, i.e.,
      chromatid and chromosome gaps, breaks, and exchanges, has been studied in
      cultured skin fibroblasts from 34 untreated patients with musculoskeletal sarcoma
      and 38 controls. A total of 325 aberrations in the sarcoma group and 251 in the
      control group could be assigned to particular bands. The distribution was non
      random (P less than 0.001) in both groups. Twenty-one bands in the sarcoma group
      and 20 in the control group appeared as hot spots, with 11 represented in both
      groups. Only three hot spots, all of which were present among both patients and
      controls, coincided with bands involved in primary sarcoma-associated chromosome
      rearrangements. The results indicate that the chromosome breakage pattern of non
      malignant cells is similar in sarcoma patients and controls. Hence, the
      occurrence of primary structural rearrangements in sarcomas cannot be accounted
      for by any constitutional proneness to chromosome breakage at these bands.

PMID- 3410456
TI  - Familial pericentric and paracentric inversions of chromosome 1.
AB  - We investigated 33 individuals (21 carriers) from one family with a pericentric
      inversion involving a large part of chromosome 1 (1p36.1----1q32). In addition,
      we investigated 15 individuals (10 carriers) from another family with a
      paracentric inversion of a small part of chromosome 1 (1p32----1p36.1). In each
      family, the index patient was ascertained because three miscarriages had
      occurred. Each carrier of these inversions was phenotypically normal. If the
      miscarriages of the index patients are excluded, the frequency of recognized
      miscarriages among the carriers of childbearing age was 9% (4 of 46) for the
      family with pericentric inversion and 17% (4 of 23) for the family with
      paracentric inversion. One of the pericentric inv(1) carriers had had a stillborn
      daughter. The carriers of the pericentric inversion who were of childbearing age
      had 41 children; carriers of the paracentric inversion who were of childbearing
      age had 19 children. No live-born children with birth defects were observed in
      either family. This evidence, together with the low frequency of miscarriages,
      suggests that crossover within the inversion loop occurs much less frequently
      than might be expected from the large size of this inversion. Our investigation
      suggests that the risk of recognized miscarriages, stilbirths, and live-born
      children with recombinant chromosomes who have birth defects may be much lower
      for inv(1) carriers than previously reported. The risk of having a malformed
      child because of a recombinant chromosome is probably less than 3% for carriers
      of the pericentric inversion and less than 6% for the carriers of the paracentric
      inversion.

PMID- 3410457
TI  - XY sex reversal syndrome in the mare: clinical and behavioral studies, H-Y
      phenotype.
AB  - An inherited genetic disorder causes XY embryos of the horse to develop as mares.
      On the basis of our study of 38 such mares, we have identified four grades or
      classes of XY sex reversal according to this scheme: class I, nearly normal
      female, of which some are fertile; class II, female with gonadal dysgenesis,
      normal mullerian development; class III, intersex mare with gonadal dysgenesis,
      abnormal mullerian development, enlarged clitoris; class IV, virilized intersex
      characterized by high levels of testosterone. In general, class I and class II
      mares were typed H-Y antigen-negative whereas class III and class IV mares were
      typed H-Y antigen-positive.

PMID- 3410458
TI  - Maternal modulation of the inheritable meiosis I error Dipl I in mouse oocytes is
      associated with the type of mitochondrial DNA.
AB  - The ovulation of diploid oocytes, abnormally arrested at or during the first
      meiotic division, is an inheritable trait (DiplI) in mice and modulated by a
      maternally transmitted factor. By repeated backcrossing, mouse strains with
      identical nuclear encoded genes and differing only in their mitochondrial genomes
      can be created. NMB mice represent such a strain having acquired the nuclear
      genome of C57BL/6J but still possessing mitochondria and therewith mitochondrial
      DNA (mtDNA) of NMRI/Bom, their female progenitor. The strains NMB and C57BL/6J
      were used to characterize a new mitochondrial trait, namely the ability to
      modulate the expression of the inheritable meiosis I error Dipl I in oocytes. We
      show that an increased rate of ovulated diploid oocytes is associated with the
      mtDNA type of C57BL/6J. These results corroborate the assumption that
      mitochondria do play an important role in meiosis of mammalian oocytes and hence
      seem to be involved also in the orderly segregation of chromosomes.

PMID- 3410459
TI  - The apolipoprotein(a) gene resides on human chromosome 6q26-27, in close
      proximity to the homologous gene for plasminogen.
AB  - Apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)], the glycoprotein associated with the lipoprotein(a)
      [Lp(a)] subfraction of plasma lipoproteins, has been shown to exhibit heritable
      molecular weight isoforms ranging from 400-700 kDa. Increased serum
      concentrations of Lp(a) correlate positively with the risk of atherosclerosis.
      Variations in Lp(a) plasma levels among individuals are inherited as a codominant
      quantitative trait. As part of an effect to define the basis of these variations
      and further clarify the expression of the protein, we have determined the
      chromosomal location of the human apo(a) gene. Blot hybridization analysis of DNA
      from a panel of mouse-human somatic cell hybrids with an apo(a) cDNA probe
      revealed a complex pattern of bands, all of which segregated with chromosome 6.
      In situ hybridization yielded a single peak of grain density located on
      chromosome 6q26-27. Apo(a) cDNA sequences exhibit striking homology to those of
      the plasma protease plasminogen, and, therefore, we have reexamined the
      chromosome assignment of the plasminogen gene. We conclude that both the apo(a)
      and plasminogen genes reside on human chromosome 6q22-27, consistent with a gene
      duplication mechanism for their evolutionary origin. The results are of
      significance for the genetic control of apo(a) expression and genetic influences
      predisposing to atherosclerosis.

PMID- 3410460
TI  - A noninvasive method for determination of the sex and karyotype of the fetus from
      the maternal blood.
AB  - The noninvasive method presented, using an "air culturing" technique, is capable
      of enriching for fetal cells in lymphocyte cultures of maternal blood. Through a
      combination of Y-body fluorescence and chromosomal heteromorphisms in the
      maternal blood, the fetal cells can be detected and used for the prenatal
      diagnosis of chromosomal abnormalities and the sex of the fetus in both the first
      and the second halves of pregnancy.

PMID- 3410461
TI  - The coagulation factor VII regulator is located on 8p23.1.
AB  - Cytogenetic and coagulation studies have been performed on two patients with
      different abnormalities of chromosome 8, i.e. del(8p23.1----pter) and dup(8q23.1-
      --qter). Results confirm the existence of a regulatory mechanism for clotting
      factor VII on chromosome 8 and define its location to the p23.1----p23.2 region.

PMID- 3410462
TI  - Human apolipoprotein A-IV polymorphism: frequency and effect on lipid and
      lipoprotein levels.
AB  - Human apolipoprotein (apo) A-IV is genetically polymorphic, the apo A-IV
      polymorphism being controlled by two common alleles, A-IV1 and A-IV2. We have
      developed a method for typing the apo A-IV polymorphism by Western blotting using
      polyclonal rabbit antiapo A-IV as the first and gold-labeled antirabbit IgG as
      the second antibody. Apolipoprotein phenotypes were determined in plasma samples
      from 473 tiroleans. The frequencies of the apo A-IV alleles in this sample were
      f(A-IV1) = 0.919, f(A-IV2) = 0.077, and f(A-IV3) = 0.004. Although average
      triglyceride levels were lower in apo A-IV 2-1 heterozygotes, average total serum
      cholesterol and triglyceride levels were not significantly different among apo A
      IV types. High density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was significantly increased
      in individuals with the A-IV 2-1 phenotype. We estimate that genetic variation at
      the apo A-IV gene locus accounts for 11% of the total variability in HDL
      cholesterol levels in Tiroleans. The effects of the apo A-IV polymorphism
      described here are consistant with, and may serve to enrich, our limited
      knowledge of the role of apo A-IV in lipid metabolism.

PMID- 3410463
TI  - A dominantly inherited syndrome (microcephaly, short stature, peculiar facies,
      mental retardation) associated with two balanced rearrangements involving
      chromosomes 2;7 and 5;20.
AB  - A complex balanced three-break-point rearrangement between chromosome 2 and
      chromosome 7 and a balanced reciprocal translocation between chromosome 5 and
      chromosome 20, were found associated in a girl and in her mother and grandmother.
      All three of them have microcephaly, low stature, peculiar asymmetric facies and
      slight mental retardation. We postulate that one (or more) of the five chromosome
      break-points disrupted one (or more) gene, leading to the expression of the
      syndrome and to its segregation with the chromosome rearrangement in three
      generation. Our finding confirms the efficiency of balanced translocations for
      gene mapping, althought it has led only to the exclusion mapping of all
      chromosomes except 2, 5, 7 and 20.

PMID- 3410464
TI  - Sperm chromosomal analysis after radiotherapy.

PMID- 3410465
TI  - Serovar distribution of urogenital Chlamydia trachomatis strains in The
      Netherlands.
AB  - The distribution of serovars in 208 Chlamydia trachomatis strains of urogenital
      origin isolated from 185 patients attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic
      in Rotterdam, The Netherlands, was assessed. Typing by monoclonal antisera using
      a dot enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) showed that the most common
      serovars were E (found in 45 strains), F (39), D (34), and K (28). Other serovars
      detected were H (21), G, I, I', J (two to 12), and B (one strain). Mixed
      infection with two serovars was detected in two patients. These results indicate
      that most genital infections with C trachomatis result from a small number of
      serovars, and that those serovars are similar in The Netherlands and Seattle,
      USA.

PMID- 3410466
TI  - Evaluation of non-radioactive in situ hybridisation method to detect Chlamydia
      trachomatis in cell culture.
AB  - A DNA probe combined with a non-radioactive stain was used to detect inclusions
      of Chlamydia trachomatis in cell culture. Of 39 positive cultures detected by
      monoclonal antibodies in combination with direct immunofluorescence, 35 were
      positive by the DNA hybridisation method, the sensitivity being 89.7%. Staining
      with iodine showed a sensitivity of 87.2%, corresponding to 34 positive cultures.
      The specificity of DNA hybridisation method was 100%, as all 162 cultures that
      were negative by the immunofluorescence method were also negative when assessed
      by the DNA hybridisation method.

PMID- 3410467
TI  - Human immunodeficiency virus and female prostitutes, Sydney 1985.
AB  - One hundred and thirty two female prostitutes and 55 non-prostitutes who were
      tested for antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were surveyed by
      questionnaire at this centre. The two groups were well matched for age and were
      very similar in other except for numbers of their sexual partners. Questions were
      asked about drug taking, sexual practices, general health, and episodes of
      sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). None of the women in the survey was found
      to be seropositive, but both groups were found to be seriously at risk of HIV
      infection through using intravenous (IV) drugs, having unprotected sexual
      intercourse with men who used IV drugs, having unprotected sexual intercourse
      with bisexual men, or exposure to several STDs.

PMID- 3410468
TI  - Bone invasion in secondary syphilis: case reports.
AB  - The affinity of treponemes for bone tissue is well known, but the incidence of
      bone infection in the early stages of syphilis is uncertain. Although case
      reports of early bone invasion are few, reviews of large numbers of patients with
      early syphilis indicate that the incidence is probably greater than at present
      believed. Two case reports are presented.

PMID- 3410469
TI  - Late endemic syphilis: case report of bejel with gummatous laryngitis.
AB  - An elderly Bedouin woman originally thought, on clinical and histological
      grounds, to have tuberculosis of the larynx was found to have gummatous
      laryngitis due to late endemic syphilis (bejel). This disease is highly prevalent
      in the Bedouin tribes of the Middle East. Doctors dealing with Arab patients,
      either in the Middle East or elsewhere, should be aware of this possibility.

PMID- 3410470
TI  - Increase in new patients with genital warts attending STD clinics in Helsinki,
      1980-6.

PMID- 3410471
TI  - Acute syphilitic myelitis in a young man.

PMID- 3410472
TI  - Prescribing policies for gonorrhoea in the United Kingdom.

PMID- 3410473
TI  - Role of male prostitutes in spread of sexually transmitted diseases and human
      immunodeficiency virus.

PMID- 3410474
TI  - Further studies of gene deletions that cause Duchenne and Becker muscular
      dystrophies.
AB  - Fetal muscle cDNA clones covering at least 11.4 kb of the Duchenne muscular
      dystrophy (DMD) gene sequence were used to identify a deletion-prone region in
      DNA from DMD and Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) patients. Of 36 BMD cases, 17
      (47%) had deletions and all of the deletions began in the same intron of the
      gene. Of 107 DMD patients, 27 (25%) were deleted for this region, and 19
      deletions originate in the same intron. Using a cDNA probe for an adjacent region
      of the gene, 32 new deletions were detected in DMD patients (total 44%). No new
      BMD deletions were detected. The DMD deletions were very heterogeneous. Thus two
      cDNA probes covering 2.4 kb could detect 53% of these deletions. Considering the
      whole locus, DMD and BMD are caused by a deletion of the gene sequence in at
      least 67% of cases.

PMID- 3410475
TI  - Regional assignment of the gene for human liver/bone/kidney alkaline phosphatase
      to chromosome 1p36.1-p34.
AB  - We have used three different methods to map the human liver/bone/kidney alkaline
      phosphatase (ALPL) locus: (1) Southern blot analysis of DNA derived from a panel
      of human-rodent somatic cell hybrids; (2) in situ hybridization to human
      chromosomes; and (3) genetic linkage analysis. Our results indicate that the ALPL
      locus maps to human chromosome bands 1p36.1-p34 and is genetically linked to the
      Rh (maximum lod score of 15.66 at a recombination value of 0.10) and fucosidase A
      (maximum lod score of 8.24 at a recombination value of 0.02) loci. These results,
      combined with restriction fragment length polymorphisms identified by ALPL DNA
      probes, provide a useful marker for gene mapping studies involving the short arm
      of chromosome 1. In addition, our results help to elucidate further the structure
      and evolution of the human alkaline phosphatase multigene enzyme family.

PMID- 3410476
TI  - Human debrisoquine 4-hydroxylase (P450IID1): cDNA and deduced amino acid sequence
      and assignment of the CYP2D locus to chromosome 22.
AB  - The enzyme P450db1 (db1) is responsible for the common human defect in drug
      oxidation known as the "debrisoquine/sparteine polymorphism." Polyclonal antibody
      against the rat db1 protein was used to screen a human liver lambda gt11 library
      for the db1 cDNA clone. A cDNA containing the full protein coding sequence was
      isolated; the deduced NH2-terminal sequence of this cDNA was identical to that
      derived from direct sequencing of the purified human db1 protein. Comparison of
      the human db1 with rat db1 revealed 71 and 73% similarities of nucleotides and
      amino acids, respectively. By use of human-rodent somatic cell hybrids the db1
      gene was localized to human chromosome 22 (CYP2D locus).

PMID- 3410477
TI  - Loss of alleles at loci on chromosome 13 in human primary gastric cancers.
AB  - Mitotic events leading to the loss of the normal allele corresponding to a
      mutated gene are important for tumorigenesis in rare heritable tumors such as
      retinoblastoma and Wilms tumor. As reported for both colorectal and breast
      cancers, some common tumors seem to develop because of the same mitotic events.
      We examined constitutional and tumor genotypes defined by polymorphic DNA clones
      in 36 patients with gastric cancer. In 14 cases, constitutional heterozygosity at
      loci on chromosome 13 had been lost. Loss of alleles was also detected at a locus
      on chromosome 18 in two cases and at a locus on chromosome 17 in one case. The
      frequent loss of alleles at loci on chromosome 13 (41%) suggests that elimination
      of genes on this chromosome may be of importance in the tumorigenesis of human
      primary gastric cancers.

PMID- 3410478
TI  - Gasoline and kerosene components in blood--a forensic analysis.
AB  - A reliable method to analyse small amounts of fuel components in biological
      materials, using two simultaneous procedures, head space and solvent extraction
      methods has been developed. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used
      for qualitative and quantitative determinations. The aliphatic hydrocarbons with
      carbon numbers of 5 to 8 and aromatics such as benzene, toluene and xylenes were
      detected in laboratory animals, following exposure to gasoline vapour, using the
      head space method. Aliphatic hydrocarbons with carbon numbers over 9 as well as
      the aromatics with carbon number 9 group including cumene, mesitylene,
      pseudocumene and 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene were determined by the solvent extraction
      method following exposure to kerosene vapour. The lower limits of detection were
      0.01 micrograms and 50 pg in gasoline and kerosene components, respectively. The
      methods were found to be applicable in confirming the cause of human deaths.

PMID- 3410479
TI  - Activated charcoal in tricyclic antidepressant poisoning.
AB  - Tricyclic antidepressants (TCA) bind to activated charcoal both in vitro and in
      vivo in healthy volunteers after a therapeutic dose of TCA. These findings
      provide a basis for the routine use of activated charcoal in TCA poisoning. The
      object of this study was to examine the effect of a single dose of 20 g of
      activated charcoal in overdose patients. Ninety-one patients from four centres
      with suspected TCA overdose were entered into a randomized study. Gastric lavage
      was performed on all patients. Thirty-four received 20 g of activated charcoal
      and 43 served as controls. Fourteen patients were excluded. Plasma drug
      concentrations were taken on admission and at 1, 2, 4, 8 and 24 h. The incidence
      of toxic symptoms was registered during 24 h. There was no significant difference
      in the area under the plasma drug concentration versus time curve, the peak
      plasma concentrations or plasma half-lives between the two groups. Toxic symptoms
      were more frequent in the non-treated groups although this difference was not
      statistically significant. In patients with TCA overdose initially treated with
      gastric lavage, a single dose of 20 g of activated charcoal had no effect on the
      systemic absorption or elimination of TCA.

PMID- 3410480
TI  - The relationship between plasma ibuprofen concentrations and toxicity in acute
      ibuprofen overdose.
AB  - 1. The information available from the literature and from a prospective survey of
      ibuprofen overdose being undertaken by the London centre of the National Poisons
      Information Service (NPIS) was examined utilizing the Generalized Linear
      Interactive Modelling (GLIM) statistical computing package. 2. This confirmed
      that timed ibuprofen plasma concentrations were related to the symptoms of
      tachycardia, dizziness, tinnitus, ocular symptoms and coma/stupor as well as to
      reversible renal impairment and plasma hepatic enzyme elevation. 3. The best
      model of the relationship between symptomatic toxicity and timed ibuprofen plasma
      concentrations, was an exponential equation in time. Because of the lack of
      specificity or sensitivity in this model, and absence of demonstrable clinical
      advantages from its application, we do not recommend its use as a guide to
      predict toxicity. 4. However analysis of a larger information base utilizing
      similar methodology could, by increasing the statistical power of the resultant
      model, provide a useful means of predicting ibuprofen toxicity. 5. A previously
      postulated relationship between post-ingestion ibuprofen plasma concentrations
      and toxicity was not confirmed.

PMID- 3410481
TI  - Screening of chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges in peripheral
      lymphocytes of vegetable garden workers.
AB  - 1. Twenty-five male workers occupationally exposed to DDT, BHC malathion,
      parathion, dimethoate, fenitrothion, urea and gromor were selected as subjects
      for the analysis of chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges (SCE)
      in peripheral lymphocytes. 2. Blood samples were collected from 30 normal healthy
      males from the same age group and socioeconomic class for the control. 3. The
      frequency of chromosomal aberrations and SCEs increased significantly
      irrespective of the duration of exposure to pesticides, when compared to
      controls.

PMID- 3410482
TI  - Studies of the 'adaptive' repair response in human lymphocytes and V79 cells
      after treatment with MNNG and MNU.
AB  - In bacteria, there is evidence that a damage inducible repair response system
      known as the adaptive response exists since pretreatment with low doses of a
      simple monofunctional alkylating agent leads to a decrease in both the lethal and
      mutagenic effects of a subsequent challenge dose of the agent. The evidence for
      an analogous system in mammalian cells has proved to be inconsistent to date. The
      induction of chromosome repair mechanisms in human cells by low-dose radiation
      from tritiated thymidine has been shown to make the cells refractory to the
      induction of chromosome aberrations by X-rays. The present communication
      investigates the induction of an adaptive response in human lymphocytes from four
      donors and V79 cells using SCE and mutation as endpoints and MNNG and MNU for the
      adapting and challenging treatment. It is clear that a reproducible model of the
      adaptive response in human lymphocytes is difficult to establish because of the
      variability between different donors and different culture times. In V79 cells,
      assays with much larger cell numbers are required to detect a reproducible
      response with such small changes in mutant frequency. To demonstrate an adaptive
      response conclusively in mammalian cells will probably require the use of more
      sensitive experimental protocols and alternative methods of administration of
      adaptive doses of mutagen.

PMID- 3410483
TI  - Acute phosphine poisoning following ingestion of aluminium phosphide.
AB  - 1. Eight cases of phosphine poisoning following ingestion of aluminium phosphide
      tablets for suicidal attempt are described. The mean age of the patients was 23
      years (range 14-25). 2. The clinical picture consisted of gastritis, altered
      sensorium and peripheral vascular failure in all cases, cardiac arrhythmia (3),
      jaundice and renal failure (1 each). Six patients died, the mean hospital stay
      was 19 h (range 4-72). 3. Post-mortem examination was performed in two patients,
      revealing pulmonary oedema, gastrointestinal mucosal congestion, petechial
      haemorrhages on the surface of liver and brain. Histopathological changes
      included pulmonary oedema, desquamation of the lining epithelium of the
      bronchioles; vacuolar degeneration of hepatocytes, dilatation and engorgement of
      hepatic central veins, sinusoids and areas showing nuclear fragmentation. 4. The
      clinical picture of aluminum phosphide poisoning is described and precaution in
      the distribution and use of this pesticide recommended.

PMID- 3410485
TI  - Myelofibrosis and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis associated with toluene
      poisoning.
AB  - A 60-year-old man with long-term exposure to toluene presented with both
      myelofibrosis and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. There was also evidence of
      other toluene-related complications to support the diagnosis of toluene toxicity.
      The toxic effects of toluene, particularly kidney disorders and haematotoxicity,
      suggest a relationship between toluene, myelofibrosis and focal segmental
      glomerulosclerosis.

PMID- 3410484
TI  - The effects of ingestion of 60 mg pyridostigmine bromide on contrast sensitivity
      in man.
AB  - The effects on vision of ingestion of the anticholinesterase pyridostigmine
      bromide (60 mg), assessed from pharmacokinetic data to provide at least 20%
      inhibition of blood cholinesterase over the 1 1/2-4 1/2 h experimental period,
      was compared with 60 mg lactose in a double-blind crossover protocol. Contrast
      sensitivity to stationary oscilloscope-generated gratings of 3-40 c/deg showed a
      small but significant increase of 7% which was consistent with a small reduction
      in pupil diameter, surmised to cause a small improvement in optical quality. This
      reduction in pupil diameter was, however, overshadowed by a larger though still
      non-significant reduction on the second visit to the laboratory compared with the
      first. Contrast sensitivities to laser interference fringes observed in the
      Maxwellian view, by which the effects of the optical media are essentially
      bypassed, thus providing an entirely neural assessment, were unchanged after
      pyridostigmine. It is concluded that pyridostigmine may be given as a
      prophylactic in anticipation of exposure to an organophosphorus
      anticholinesterase without a deleterious effect on stationary visual function.

PMID- 3410486
TI  - Acute organophosphorus insecticide poisoning during pregnancy.
AB  - Intoxication with organophosphorus insecticides following ingestion with suicidal
      intent in two patients who were in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy
      is reported. Successful management of the cholinergic and intermediate phases of
      poisoning enabled each pregnancy to proceed to term and end in normal vaginal
      delivery of a healthy baby.

PMID- 3410487
TI  - The toxic oil syndrome in Spain. Was it due to a combined action of trichothecene
      mycotoxins and of inhibitors of carboxyesterase?

PMID- 3410488
TI  - Proceedings of the British Toxicology Society. York, 24-25 March 1988. Joint
      British Toxicology Society, United Kingdom Environmental Mutagen Society
      Symposium. Abstracts.

PMID- 3410489
TI  - Hereditary C3 hypocomplementemia in the rabbit.
AB  - Hereditary hypocomplementemia of the third component of complement (C3) was found
      in a strain of rabbits in which hereditary C8 alpha-gamma deficiency was also
      found. The serum C3 concentration, haemolytic C3 activity and total complement
      haemolytic activity (CH50) of these animals were, respectively, 6-12%, 8-13% and
      27-37% of the normal levels. The haemolytic complement activity in the C3
      hypocomplementemic (C3-hypo) rabbit serum was restored in a dose-dependent manner
      by the addition of purified rabbit C3. The levels of factor H and properdin and
      components C2 and C6 were in the normal range, and the levels of factors B and D
      and component C8 were higher than normal. The low level of serum C3 in C3-hypo
      rabbits was not due to C3 conversion, partial C3 antigenicity, presence of a C3
      inhibitor or hypercatabolism of normal C3. Furthermore, no change in the ratio of
      C3 protein levels was observed between C3-hypo and normal rabbits, even after
      turpentine injection. In addition, the C8 alpha-gamma deficiency condition does
      not affect C3 activity and C3 catabolism in vivo. Mating tests showed that the C3
      hypocomplementemia is transmitted as a simple autosomal co-dominant trait. C3
      hypo rabbits have a lower survival at 3 months than normal rabbits. C3-hypo
      rabbit serum also has a lower bactericidal activity than normal rabbit serum. The
      PAGE under reducing conditions showed no difference in the molecular weights of
      C3 alpha and C3 beta chains between C3-hypo, heterozygous and normal animals.

PMID- 3410490
TI  - BSA-anti-BSA immune complexes formed in the presence of human complement do not
      bind to autologous red blood cells.
AB  - The binding of 125I-BSA-anti-BSA immune complexes (IC) formed in the presence of
      complement (nascent IC) and those that reacted with complement after their
      formation (preformed IC) to human erythrocytes was studied. The effect of antigen
      antibody ratios and serum dilutions on IC binding to red blood cells (RBC) were
      also investigated. A dramatic difference was found between the behaviour of the
      two types of complexes: while preformed IC bound effectively to human RBC after
      their interaction with complement, no efficient RBC-binding was observed with
      nascent BSA-anti-BSA complexes formed in the presence of complement. Changing the
      antigen-antibody ratio or dilution of serum did not affect markedly the extent of
      difference between the binding of preformed and nascent IC. Our findings do not
      support the essential role of red blood cells in the elimination of each type of
      IC.

PMID- 3410491
TI  - Characterization of the group I and group II antibody response against PC-KLH in
      normal and T15 idiotype-suppressed BALB/c mice.
AB  - The memory response of BALB/c mice to phosphocholine-keyhole limpet haemocyanin
      (PC-KLH) consists of two antibody populations, designated Group I and Group II,
      that differ in their fine specificity, as determined by hapten inhibition using
      phosphocholine (PC) and p-nitrophenylphosphocholine (NPPC). It is known that
      Group I response is dominated by T15 idiotype-positive antibodies that utilize
      the VH1 heavy-chain gene in combination with V kappa 22 light-chain gene. In this
      paper we show that Group II serum antibodies of BALB/c mice are also highly
      restricted in their heterogeneity, as determined by N-terminal amino acid
      sequence analysis. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the Group II response is not
      affected by neonatally induced T15 suppression, whereas the Group I response in
      these mice consists of T15-negative antibodies. This suggests that the expression
      of the two antibody populations is regulated independently. Finally, we show that
      the isotype distributions within a fine specificity are the same in normal and
      T15-suppressed mice. Interestingly this is true not only for the Group II but
      also for the Group I antibodies. Because the isolated Group I antibodies from
      normal mice differ in structure from those of T15-suppressed mice, i.e. different
      light chains, our data indicate that the isotype distribution of these two
      populations is associated with their fine specificity in addition to their clonal
      origin.

PMID- 3410492
TI  - Effect of interferon-alpha-2a on the output of recirculating lymphocytes from
      single lymph nodes.
AB  - The output of recirculating lymphocytes from cannulated popliteal lymph nodes in
      sheep was measured after administration of human recombinant interferon (rIFN)
      alpha-2a. Interferon (IFN) injection caused a dramatic decrease in lymphocyte
      output from lymph nodes. Following a single s.c. or i.d. injection of 2 x 10(7) U
      IFN into the drainage area of the popliteal lymph node, lymphocyte output fell to
      below 1% of the pre-treatment level and remained depressed for up to 35 hr. A
      substantial decrease in lymphocyte output from cannulated nodes also occurred
      after IFN was injected either i.v., into the skin of the opposite non-cannulated
      hind leg or into an afferent lymphatic vessel leading to the popliteal lymph
      node. After the period of depressed lymphocyte output, a seemingly compensatory
      surge of cell traffic occurred that lasted 2-3 days. During this phase there was
      a relative increase in the proportion of CD4+ T cells in lymph. Similar changes
      occurred after each treatment in animals given multiple doses of IFN. These
      effects are unlikely to be antigen-induced since there was no blast cell response
      in any treated animal. The analysis of blood and lymph plasma samples showed that
      the most severe depression of lymphocyte output was associated with high levels
      of IFN, while there was no apparent correlation between the reduction in
      lymphocyte traffic and concentrations of cortisol in plasma. These results
      suggest that IFN-alpha-2a is involved directly in the regulation of lymphocyte
      output from lymph nodes.

PMID- 3410493
TI  - Depression of lymphocyte traffic in sheep by vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP).
AB  - Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a 28 amino acid-residue neurovascular and
      gut peptide with a number of important biological activities. Recent in vitro
      studies suggest an immunomodulatory (depressant) role for VIP. In the present in
      vivo studies, employing the Hall and Morris sheep lymphocyte traffic model, acute
      infusions of VIP into cannulated afferent lymphatics of popliteal lymph nodes
      produced prompt and marked depressions in the output of both small recirculating
      and blast lymphocytes into popliteal efferent lymph, with a selective effect on
      T4 (CD4) lymphocytes. It has been suggested that the HIV (AIDS) virus may employ
      VIP or VIP-like receptors on brain cells and lymphocytes for intracellular
      access.

PMID- 3410494
TI  - Chemotactic factor-induced polarization, receptor redistribution, and locomotion
      of human blood monocytes.
AB  - The locomotor response of human blood monocytes to chemotactic factors was
      studied using a polarization assay on cells in suspension and by filming
      locomotion on albumin-coated glass. Cells in optimal (5 x 10(-9) M) but uniform
      concentrations of N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) polarized well
      and showed a 'persistent random walk' type of locomotion, whereas in supraoptimal
      concentrations (10(-7) M), the cells took erratic paths and polarized poorly,
      suggesting that monocytes cannot develop an anteroposterior polarity if hit by
      ligand molecules at many points on the cell surface simultaneously. Monocyte
      polarization in chemotactic factors at 37 degrees was transient and was gradually
      lost after 15-20 min. Likewise, the ability to form Fc rosettes after this time
      was gradually lost, suggesting loss of functional receptors from the cell surface
      with time. In optimally polarized cells, Fc rosettes were frequently localized at
      the head of the cell. This localization also was lost with time. Using pure
      chemotactic factors (FMLP, C5a, leukotriene B4) we found, as reported earlier
      (Cianciolo & Snyderman 1981), that polarization was restricted to a subpopulation
      (approximately 60% of cells) that responded to multiple attractants. However, 80
      90% of monocytes polarized in response to combinations of any of the above pure
      attractants with candida-activated serum. This suggests that the subpopulation
      that lacks receptors for classical chemotactic factors nevertheless has locomotor
      capacity and can respond to undefined factors in activated serum, and that the
      great majority of blood monocytes is motile if appropriately stimulated.

PMID- 3410495
TI  - A kinetic analysis of the in vitro sensitization of murine peritoneal mast cells
      with monoclonal IgE anti-DNP antibody.
AB  - Incubation of murine peritoneal cells with monoclonal IgE anti-DNP antibody in
      vitro led to sensitization of mast cells, measured as release of 5-HT upon
      challenge with DNP-HSA antigen. Sensitization was maximal at 0.3-3.0
      micrograms/ml of IgE anti-DNP and declined above and below this concentration
      range. In kinetic studies, the time-course of sensitization was clearly divisible
      into an early slow phase of approximately 4 hr, followed by a more rapid linear
      phase from 4 to 48 hr. The early slow phase was more pronounced at lower
      concentrations of IgE anti-DNP (within the range 0.05-5.0 micrograms/ml). The
      degree of sensitization obtained after incubation of peritoneal cells with IgE
      anti-DNP for fixed periods (2, 4 and 8 hr) was markedly increased when the cells
      were washed and recultured in IgE-free medium, thus demonstrating that
      sensitization proceeds subsequent to an early stage of binding of IgE to
      receptors. Sensitization with IgE anti-DNP was blocked by addition of excess rat
      myeloma IgE, but only to a marked extent (greater than 50%) when the blocking
      immunoglobulin was added during the first 2 hr, thus providing further evidence
      that the major part of binding of the IgE antibody took place during this early
      stage, that is, prior to the phase of greatest sensitization. These findings
      indicate a period of delay between binding of IgE to receptors and functional
      sensitization, measured as mediator release in response to antigen.

PMID- 3410496
TI  - In mice, gluten in maternal diet primes systemic immune responses to gliadin in
      offspring.
AB  - We have demonstrated recently immunological tolerance to gliadin in mice
      maintained on a diet that contains gluten. The aim of this study was to
      investigate whether oral tolerance is recreated in each generation by the
      ingestion of dietary gluten at weaning, or whether it is transferred from mother
      to young (as immune status or via passage of antigen) before birth or during
      lactation. Surprisingly, instead of transfer of tolerance we found priming of the
      immune response to gliadin in young mice. Mice born to mothers from normal,
      gluten-containing diet colonies had significantly greater systemic immune
      responses to gliadin after parenteral immunization than mice born to mothers from
      a gluten-free diet colony. Furthermore, feeding mothers gluten-containing diet
      for defined periods before and during pregnancy and during lactation also
      resulted in priming of the specific systemic immune responses of the offspring.
      These findings indicate that, in mice, sensitization to maternal dietary antigens
      readily occurs in utero or shortly after birth. This animal model should allow
      investigation of the immunological mechanisms concerned.

PMID- 3410497
TI  - Postnatal development and lymphocyte production of jejunal and ileal Peyer's
      patches in normal and gnotobiotic pigs.
AB  - The development of the number, size, structure and proliferative capacity of
      Peyer's patches (PP) in the jejunum and ileum has been studied during the early
      postnatal period of conventional and germ-free pigs. A mean of 15 discrete PP in
      the jejunum and upper ileum (jejPP) were counted at birth, and the number
      increased only gradually. A continuous PP is located in the terminal ileum (ileal
      PP). The length of both jejPP and ileal PP increased with age due to the increase
      in follicle size and in the number of follicles in the ileal PP. In older pigs,
      only the ileal PP regressed to small scattered follicles. In germ-free piglets at
      39 and 59 days of age, longer PP were found than in normal new-born piglets, but
      they were significantly shorter than in age-matched controls. Lymphocyte
      production was studied by the metaphase-arrest technique using vincristine.
      Lymphocyte production in follicles increased dramatically with age, while in
      other compartments, such as the inter-follicular and dome area, a low age
      independent production of lymphocytes was found. There were no differences in
      lymphocytopoiesis between jejPP and ileal PP. The present data show major
      differences in the development, structure and function of PP in pigs in
      comparison to other species. These species-specific aspects are important for
      future studies on the immunological function of PP.

PMID- 3410498
TI  - Platelet-activating factor induces eosinophil peroxidase release from purified
      human eosinophils.
AB  - The degranulation response of purified human eosinophils to platelet-activating
      factor (PAF) has been studied. PAF induced release of eosinophil peroxidase (EPO)
      and beta-glucuronidase from highly purified human eosinophils with an EC50 of 0.9
      nM. The order of release was comparable with that induced by phorbol myristate
      acetate (PMA). The new specific PAF antagonist 3-[4-(2-chlorophenyl)-9-methyl-H
      thieno[3,2-f] [1,2,4]triazolo-[4,3a][1,4]-diazepin-2-yl](4-morpholinyl)- 1
      propane-one (WEB 2086) inhibited the PAF-induced enzyme release by human
      eosinophils in a dose-dependent manner. The viability of eosinophils were
      unaffected both by PAF and WEB 2086. The results suggest that PAF may amplify
      allergic and inflammatory reactions by release of preformed proteins from
      eosinophil granules.

PMID- 3410499
TI  - [Pemphigus herpetiformis. Observations on a clinical case].

PMID- 3410500
TI  - [Coagulation by infrared rays: uses in dermatology].

PMID- 3410501
TI  - [Chemotaxis of polymorphonucleated leukocytes in the presence of skin extracts
      and psoriatic scales].

PMID- 3410502
TI  - [A case of Schweninger-Buzzi anetoderma].

PMID- 3410503
TI  - [Sneddon syndrome. Apropos of a case].

PMID- 3410504
TI  - [A case of acquired bullous epidermolysis].

PMID- 3410505
TI  - [Hailey-Hailey disease. Evidence of ectopic calcifications in 3 cases].

PMID- 3410506
TI  - [Primary amyloidosis].

PMID- 3410507
TI  - Allotypes of mouse complement component C6 in inbred strains and some wild
      populations.
AB  - This collaborative work was undertaken to resolve discrepancies in reports of the
      number of forms of complement component C6 present in the circulation of mice
      from various inbred strains. Plasma C6 was analyzed by polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate and by isoelectric
      focusing (IEF), and C6 band patterns were developed by electroblotting and
      immunoprobing. Results of C6 allotyping of mice from 36 strains confirmed that
      while 20 strains (prototype strain BALB/c) possessed only one relative mass (Mr)
      for which typed C6A1 on IEF, the other 16 strains all possessed more than one C6
      Mr form. Moreover, IEF analysis demonstrated additional polymorphic differences;
      among these 16 strains, 11 typed C6A1B1 like the prototype strain CBA, the AKR
      and RF/J strains typed C6A2B2, and the Japanese MOM strain as well as the
      C57BR/cdJ and C57L/J strains possessed two forms with IEF mobilities intermediate
      between C6A1B1 and C6A2B2. These will now be referred to as C6A3B3. Thus, a total
      of four different mouse C6 haplotypes have been identified. Testing C6 allotypes
      in a limited number of wild mice revealed that haplotypes found in inbred strains
      of Western or Eastern origin tend to reflect haplotypes of the wild mice from
      Europe or Japan, respectively.

PMID- 3410508
TI  - Chromosomal assignment of the gene encoding the mouse tumor rejection antigen
      gp96.

PMID- 3410509
TI  - Primary immunodeficiency diseases in children treated in the Children's Memorial
      Hospital, Poland.
AB  - One hundred and three cases of primary immunodeficiency diseases were diagnosed
      among children suffering mainly from chronic and severe infections in the period
      1980-1987. Predominantly antibody defects were recognized in 48 patients (46.6%),
      combined immunodeficiencies in 36 patients (35%), phagocytic disorders in 12
      patients (11.6%), complement defects in 6 patients (5.8%), and cell-mediated
      disease (Di George syndrome) in 1 patient. Allergic complications were observed
      in 25 patients (24.2%) and malignancy-in 3 patients (2.9%). More detailed
      immunological studies were performed in children with X-linked agammaglobulinemia
      in the course of intravenous immunoglobulin therapy and in children with ataxia
      telangiectasia.

PMID- 3410510
TI  - Safety aspects of intravenous immunoglobulins.
AB  - Seven commercially available intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) preparations, a
      gamma globulin prepared by ethanol fractionation, and an experimental IgG
      isolated by a chromatographic procedure were compared in several tests. Split
      products were present in preparations manufactured by procedures involving
      protease treatment and in a sulphitolysed IgG. The same preparations and another
      chemically modified product displayed a loss in their capacity to bind
      staphylococcal protein A. None of the preparations exerted a high
      anticomplementary activity using concentrated human serum as a complement source.
      No strict correlation between aggregate content and anticomplementary activity
      could be established. None of the commercial IVIG preparations tested displayed a
      sizeable hypotensive action as assessed by a rat model involving potentiation of
      bradykinin action by an angiotensin convertase inhibitor. The chromatographically
      purified IgG and an intramuscular IgG prepared by Rivanol fractionation contained
      high endogenous protease and prekallikrein activator (PKA) activity, respectively
      and both were found markedly hypotensive. Neither endogenous protease nor PKA
      activity was detected in the Cohngammaglobulin fraction. However, it was very
      strongly hypotensive even without any previous blocking of angiotensin
      convertase. Our data support the view that immunoglobulin preparations may affect
      blood pressure without inducing bradykinin generation.

PMID- 3410511
TI  - Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Immunodeficiencies. Warsaw,
      Poland, April 25-27, 1987. Proceedings.

PMID- 3410512
TI  - Selectivity, specificity and kinetics of the androgen regulation of the ocular
      secretory immune system.
AB  - The purpose of the present investigation was to determine the selectivity,
      specificity and kinetics of the androgen regulation of the ocular secretory
      immune system. To examine the mucosal selectivity of hormone action, tears,
      saliva, respiratory and intestinal secretions, urine and serum were collected
      from orchiectomized rats following four days of treatment with saline or
      testosterone. Androgen administration significantly increased the tear levels of
      IgA and free SC. In contrast, this combined hormone response was not duplicated
      in other mucosal secretions or serum. Consequently, it appears that the androgen
      control of the ocular secretory immune system is unique to the eye. To evaluate
      androgenic specificity, orchiectomized rats were treated for four days with
      saline, testosterone, 5 alpha-androstan-17 beta-o1 ('5 alpha'), 4-estren-7 alpha
      methyl-17 beta-o1-3-one ('4-E') or the synthetic analogue, danazol. Results
      demonstrated that testosterone and '4-E', a potent androgen, both stimulated the
      accumulation of tear IgA and free SC, compared to amounts in tears of saline
      treated controls. The weak androgen '5 alpha' induced a slight rise in tear free
      SC, but not IgA, levels, whereas danazol had no effect on the ocular secretory
      immune system. These findings indicate that androgen structure is of critical
      importance in modulation of mucosal immunity in the eye. Lastly, to assess the
      kinetics of hormone action on tear IgA and free SC, orchiectomized rats were
      acutely (0, 1.5, 4, 7, 12, or 24 hours) or chronically (0, 4, 7, 11, 14, or 17
      days) exposed to testosterone. Acute androgen exposure for less than 12 hours did
      not elicit any change in the tear content of IgA or free SC. In comparison,
      chronic androgen treatment induced a progressive and dramatic rise in the levels
      of both tear proteins. By 17 days of hormone exposure, the IgA and free SC
      concentrations in tears had increased by 14- and 18-fold amounts, respectively,
      relative to amounts in placebo-treated controls. Of interest, the temporal
      pattern of accumulation of tear IgA and free SC were different. Overall, these
      results show prolonged, but not abbreviated, exposure to androgens has a profound
      impact on the IgA and free SC profile in tears.

PMID- 3410513
TI  - Monoclonal autoantibodies recognizing histone variants.
AB  - Balb/c mice were immunized with affinity purified Ro(SS-A) from human origin in
      order to allow the preparation of monoclonal anti-Ro(SS-A) antibodies. After
      fusion of mouse myeloma cells (line Sp2/0 A914) with spleen cells from one of
      these mice, anti-Ro(SS-A) monoclonals were not obtained, but, instead, two IgM
      producing hybridomas reactive with histone H1 and one with histone H2B. The
      specificity of the anti-H1 monoclonals was investigated by means of
      immunoblotting of very lysine-rich histone variants from mouse which were
      separated by two-dimensional gelelectrophoresis. One of them (CLB-ANA 105) has
      H1(0) specificity with respect to the histone variants of mouse and man, but
      recognizes H5 as well as H1 from Xenopus laevis. Another monoclonal (CLB-ANA 108)
      reacts with the variant H1c from mouse, exclusively. From the way these
      monoclonals were produced, we postulate that they were not the result of
      immunization, but comprise specificities of naturally occurring autoantibodies.

PMID- 3410514
TI  - Molecular recognition of human insulin receptor by autoantibodies in a human
      serum.
AB  - Immune IgG was obtained from a patient's serum with autoantibodies against human
      insulin receptor (HIR). The binding activity of these autoantibodies to seven
      synthetic peptides of the alpha-subunit of HIR was examined by radioimmuno
      adsorbent titrations. Autoantibodies were bound by two of these peptides, namely
      alpha 277-299 and alpha 705-731, and this binding was not inhibited by a very
      large (1,000 x) molar excess of normal human IgG. Furthermore, none of the
      peptides exhibited any binding activity towards 125I-labelled normal human IgG.
      Therefore, it was concluded that the regions alpha 277-299 and alpha 705-731
      contain autoantigenic sites of HIR. In addition, region alpha 655-670 might
      constitute a minor antigenic site of HIR. Localization of these autoantigenic
      sites will permit the molecular investigation of the insulin-like activity of
      anti-HIR autoantibodies.

PMID- 3410515
TI  - New oral hypoglycemic drug--gliclazide--in the treatment of maturity onset
      diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 3410516
TI  - How to improve breathing in chronic obstructive bronchitis.

PMID- 3410517
TI  - Chronic illness among rural population.

PMID- 3410518
TI  - Fertility and mortality profile of an urban and rural population.

PMID- 3410520
TI  - AIDS Research Centre for Madras.

PMID- 3410519
TI  - Age, obesity and diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 3410521
TI  - A comparison of nucleoside transport and metabolism in hypertensive and
      normotensive rats.
AB  - In a previous study, we discovered that spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and
      normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) are dissimilar with respect to the depressor
      potency differentiated between intravenously and intra-arterially infused
      adenosine. To test the hypothesis that this dissimilarity may reflect a
      difference between the two strains in adenosine transport or metabolism, we
      compared the kinetics of nucleoside transport (i.e., [3H]uridine uptake) in
      erythrocytes and the pulmonary disposition of [3H]adenosine in SHR versus WKY.
      [3H]Uridine uptake in rat erythrocytes was linear for 4 minutes and inhibitable
      with dipyridamole. Kinetic analysis (i.e., Hofstee plots) of initial uptake
      velocity indicated no difference between the two strains with respect to apparent
      Km (196 +/- 40 vs 230 +/- 29 microM in WKY and SHR, respectively) and maximum
      velocity (7.5 +/- 0.4 vs 8.3 +/- 0.5 pmol/2 min/12% Hct in WKY and SHR,
      respectively). Approximately 50% of [3H]adenosine infused into the pulmonary
      artery of perfused rat lung was transported into the lung, and 85% of this
      material was incorporated into the nucleotide pool. Radioactivity in the lung
      perfusate consisted initially of equal amounts of adenosine and inosine; however,
      within 60 seconds after administration of [3H]adenosine most of the effluent
      radioactivity was inosine. No differences were detected in adenosine uptake,
      intracellular metabolism, or extracellular metabolism in lung from SHR versus
      WKY. Our data indicate that any difference between SHR and WKY with respect to
      the biological response to adenosine cannot be attributed to differences in
      adenosine disposition and, therefore, must be due to pharmacodynamic differences
      between the strains.

PMID- 3410522
TI  - Attenuation of fructose-induced hypertension in rats by exercise training.
AB  - This study was initiated to see if the insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and
      hypertension that follow feeding normotensive Sprague-Dawley rats a fructose-rich
      diet could be prevented by letting rats run spontaneously in exercise wheel
      cages. Blood pressure in sedentary rats increased from (mean +/- SEM) 125 +/- 2
      to 148 +/- 3 mm Hg in response to 2 weeks of a high fructose diet, and this
      increment was significantly (p less than 0.001) attenuated in exercising rats
      (from 121 +/- 1 to 131 +/- 2 mm Hg). In addition, mean (+/- SEM) plasma insulin
      concentration was lower in fructose-fed rats allowed to run spontaneously (44 +/-
      2 vs 62 +/- 5 microU/ml; p less than 0.01). Finally, resistance to insulin
      stimulated glucose uptake was assessed by determining the steady state plasma
      glucose response to a continuous glucose and exogenous insulin infusion during a
      period in which endogenous insulin secretion was suppressed. The results of these
      studies indicated that the mean (+/- SEM) steady state plasma glucose
      concentration was significantly lower in the exercise-trained rats (127 +/- 5 vs
      168 +/- 6 mg/dl; p less than 0.001), despite the fact that the steady state
      plasma insulin levels were also lower in rats allowed to run spontaneously (75 +/
      4 vs 90 +/- 5 microU/ml; p less than 0.05). Thus, the ability of exercise
      trained rats to stimulate glucose disposal was enhanced as compared with that of
      sedentary rats fed the same fructose-rich diet. These data demonstrate that the
      insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and hypertension produced in normotensive
      rats by feeding them a high fructose diet can be attenuated if rats are allowed
      to run spontaneously.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3410523
TI  - Sensitivity of caudal arteries and the mesenteric vascular bed to norepinephrine
      in DOCA-salt hypertension.
AB  - This study was undertaken to determine what factors might contribute to arterial
      supersensitivity to norepinephrine associated with deoxycorticosterone acetate
      (DOCA)-salt hypertension in the rat. Experimental groups of male rats were
      uninephrectomized and 1 week later began receiving twice weekly injections of
      DOCA (20 mg/kg s.c. in sesame oil) plus 1% NaCl and 0.2% KCl in their drinking
      water. For each experimental group, a group of age-matched male rats underwent a
      sham operation and received injections of sesame oil and the NaCl-KCl drinking
      water. Perfused caudal arteries from 3-week-hypertensive rats were supersensitive
      to intraluminal and extraluminal norepinephrine administration. However, this
      difference in sensitivity between hypertensive and control caudal arteries was
      demonstrable at low rates of perfusion, 0.5 to 1.0 ml/min, but not at rates of
      2.0 to 2.6 ml/min. The supersensitivity was not due to differences in neuronal
      uptake or to inhibition of extraneuronal uptake by DOCA. The perfused mesenteric
      vascular bed from 3- or 6-week-hypertensive rats was also supersensitive to
      intraluminal norepinephrine. However, the demonstration of supersensitivity in
      the mesenteric vasculature was independent of perfusion rate (2.3-6.8 ml/min) and
      perfusion pressure in the range of 30 to 60 mm Hg. There was little or no
      supersensitivity to transmural nerve stimulation in either the caudal artery or
      the mesenteric vasculature, a finding consistent with the observed decrease in
      endogenous norepinephrine content. Microelectrodes were used to determine resting
      membrane potential in the smooth muscle cells. No differences in resting membrane
      potential were detected between caudal or mesenteric arteries from hypertensive
      compared with control rats 2, 3, or 6 weeks after initiation of the DOCA-salt
      regimen. It is concluded that 1) the perfusion rate is a critical factor in
      designing experiments to test the sensitivity of caudal arteries to drugs, 2) the
      perfused mesenteric vascular bed is a useful preparation for studying sensitivity
      of blood vessels in hypertension, 3) the supersensitivity of blood vessels in the
      DOCA-salt model may be of greater importance relative to circulating
      catecholamines than to sympathetic innervation, and 4) the supersensitivity of
      blood vessels to norepinephrine in the DOCA-salt model is not due to changes in
      neuronal uptake, extraneuronal uptake, or membrane potential of the vascular
      smooth muscle cells.

PMID- 3410524
TI  - Cellular hypertrophy in mesenteric resistance vessels from renal hypertensive
      rats.
AB  - To determine whether the increased thickness seen in media of mesenteric
      resistance vessels of Wistar-Kyoto rats made hypertensive by a Goldblatt
      procedure (one-kidney, one clip model) was due to hypertrophy or hyperplasia of
      smooth muscle cells, the cellular dimensions of these vessels were estimated
      using a new, unbiased stereological method (the disector). Furthermore, to
      investigate whether the changes seen could be secondary to the increased blood
      pressure, morphometric measurements were also made in renal arcuate arteries,
      which, due to the constricting silver clip, probably had not been exposed to the
      increased pressure load. Vessels were mounted on a myograph, and their media
      thickness, lumen diameter, and maximum active wall tension response were
      measured. In the mesenteric vessels media thickness had increased by 58%, whereas
      no changes were seen in the renal vessels. Vessels were then fixed, and serial
      sections were made in the mesenteric vessels. The disector was used to calculate
      the numerical cell density in each vessel. By combining the myograph measurements
      and the estimated numerical cell density, the number of cells per segment unit
      length was calculated (renal hypertensive rats, 6.8 micron-1; sham-operated
      Wistar-Kyoto rats, 6.3 micron-1; p greater than 0.40) and mean cell volume was
      determined (renal hypertensive rats, 1541 micron 3; sham-operated Wistar-Kyoto
      rats, 1256 micron 3; p less than 0.02). No morphometrical changes were found in
      single sections of the renal arteries. We conclude that the increased media
      thickness observed in mesenteric resistance vessels of one-kidney, one clip
      Goldblatt hypertensive rats mainly was caused by smooth muscle cell hypertrophy.

PMID- 3410525
TI  - Pressure-diuresis in volume-expanded rats. Cortical and medullary hemodynamics.
AB  - This study evaluated whether pressure-diuretic and pressure-natriuretic responses
      are associated with alterations in vasa recta hemodynamics. Autoregulation of
      cortical and papillary blood flow was studied using a laser-Doppler flowmeter in
      volume-expanded and hydropenic rats. Superficial cortical flow and whole kidney
      renal blood flow were autoregulated in volume-expanded rats and decreased by less
      than 10% after renal perfusion pressure was lowered from 150 to 100 mm Hg. In
      contrast, papillary blood flow was not autoregulated and fell by 24 +/- 2%. The
      failure of papillary blood flow to autoregulate was due to changes in the number
      of perfused vessels as well as to alterations in blood flow in individual
      ascending and descending vasa recta. Pressure in vasa recta capillaries increased
      from 6.8 +/- 0.8 to 13.8 +/- 1.2 mm Hg after renal perfusion pressure was
      elevated from 100 to 150 mm Hg, and renal interstitial pressure rose from 7.4 +/-
      0.8 to 12.3 +/- 1.4 mm Hg. In hydropenic rats, papillary blood flow was
      autoregulated to a significant extent, but it still decreased by 19% after renal
      perfusion pressure was lowered from 150 to 100 mm Hg. The pressure-diuretic and
      pressure-natriuretic responses in hydropenic rats were blunted in comparison to
      those observed in volume-expanded rats. These findings indicate that the pressure
      diuretic and pressure-natriuretic responses are associated with changes in vasa
      recta hemodynamics and renal interstitial pressure.

PMID- 3410526
TI  - Pressure-diuresis in volume-expanded rats. Tubular reabsorption in superficial
      and deep nephrons.
AB  - Micropuncture experiments were performed in volume-expanded rats to better define
      the nephron segments in which changes in renal perfusion pressure inhibit tubular
      reabsorption. Neural influences on the kidney were eliminated by renal
      denervation, and plasma levels of vasopressin, aldosterone, corticosterone, and
      norepinephrine were maintained at fixed levels by i.v. infusion. Fractional
      excretion of sodium, chloride, and water increased markedly after renal perfusion
      pressure was elevated from 110 to 150 mm Hg. Renal blood flow, glomerular
      filtration rate, and single nephron glomerular filtration rate measured from deep
      and superficial nephrons were unsaltered. Reabsorption of chloride and water in
      the proximal tubule of superficial nephrons decreased by 10% after renal
      perfusion pressure was elevated and contributed to the pressure-diuretic
      response. Changes in renal perfusion pressure also altered the reabsorption of
      water and chloride in juxtamedullary nephrons. The percentage of the filtered
      water load reaching the tip of the loop of Henle increased from 19.8 +/- 2.9 to
      38.1 +/- 3.0% after renal perfusion pressure was elevated. Chloride delivery rose
      from 34.2 +/- 4.3 to 65.2 +/- 4.8% of the filtered load. These results support
      the view that alterations in medullary hemodynamics participate in the pressure
      natriuretic response by inhibiting tubular reabsorption in the proximal tubule or
      the thin descending limb of the loop of Henle (or both) of juxtamedullary
      nephrons.

PMID- 3410527
TI  - Arteriolar diameter and tissue oxygen tension during muscle contraction in
      hypertensive rats.
AB  - This study evaluated the possibility that in hypertension, mechanisms that
      maintain near normal arteriolar diameters at elevated arteriolar pressures limit
      the ability of skeletal muscle arterioles to dilate in response to an increase in
      tissue metabolism. The spinotrapezius muscles of 16- to 20-week-old spontaneously
      hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) were contracted at
      frequencies of 1, 2, 4, and 8 Hz. The inner diameters of first-order through
      third-order arterioles were measured at rest and following 3 minutes of
      contractions. Tissue oxygen tension (PO2) at the venous end of capillaries was
      monitored during 8-Hz contractions. At rest, following contractions, and after
      maximum dilation with adenosine, the inner diameters of arterioles of equivalent
      branch order were not significantly different in SHR and WKY. Opening of closed
      arterioles during muscle contraction and adenosine application occurred in less
      than 5% of the observations in both groups. The resting tissue PO2 was 25.5 +/-
      1.3 mm Hg in normal rats and 26.1 +/- 2.1 mm Hg in SHR. At nearly maximum
      vasodilation during 8-Hz stimulation, tissue PO2 recovered to 81.9 +/- 12.7% of
      control in WKY but only to 41.2 +/- 13.0% of control in SHR. These observations
      indicate that the expression of local regulatory mechanisms related to tissue
      metabolism is virtually normal in the spinotrapezius muscle vasculature of SHR in
      the context of arteriolar dilation. However, at near maximum performance, factors
      other than absolute arteriolar diameter preclude the normal preservation of
      tissue PO2 in the spinotrapezius muscle of SHR.

PMID- 3410528
TI  - Erythrocyte water, Na+-K+ cotransport, and forearm vascular function in humans.
AB  - We examined the relationships between erythrocyte (RBC) composition (Na+, K+, and
      water content) and ouabain-insensitive transports (Na+-K+ cotransport, Li+-Na+
      countertransport) and forearm vascular hemodynamics under standardized basal
      conditions and during vasoconstriction (intra-arterial infusion of graded doses
      of norepinephrine and angiotensin II) and vasodilation (intra-arterial
      phentolamine and postischemic exercise). RBC water content correlated positively
      and significantly (r = 0.53, p = 0.001) with minimum forearm vascular resistance,
      a measure of vascular structural change, and negatively with maximal forearm
      blood flow (r = -0.55, p less than 0.001). Similar correlations with forearm
      vascular resistance and blood flow were observed under all experimental
      conditions. RBC Na+-K+ cotransport correlated positively and significantly (r =
      0.43, p = 0.01) with the change in forearm blood flow produced by phentolamine, a
      functional measure of alpha-adrenergic tone, and was as strong an independent
      predictor of phentolamine-induced blood flow change as was arterial
      norepinephrine concentration. RBC Na+-K+ cotransport was also significantly
      positively correlated with residual forearm blood flow and resistance after
      phentolamine administration, where nonadrenergic influences predominate. RBC
      water correlated negatively with Li+-Na+ countertransport (r = -0.33, p less than
      0.05) and Na+-K+ cotransport (r = -0.44, p less than 0.01). We propose that RBC
      water is a marker for a vascular structural property that contributes to vascular
      reactivity. RBC Na+-K+ cotransport seems to relate most strongly to the
      sympathetically mediated control of forearm blood flow and may also be linked to
      the intrinsic myogenic tone of the forearm vasculature.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3410529
TI  - Left ventricular mass and exercise responses predict future blood pressure. The
      Muscatine Study.
AB  - Increased blood pressure and left ventricular mass are associated with increased
      morbidity and mortality in adults with coronary heart disease. To define the
      predictors of subsequent childhood blood pressure and left ventricular mass,
      serial echocardiograms and blood pressure responses during exercise were studied
      in 274 children aged 6 to 15 years, whose systolic blood pressures were in the
      high, middle, or low range. Persistence of rank order for left ventricular mass
      and blood pressure, at rest and during exercise, was maintained over a mean
      follow-up period of 3.4 years, with correlations ranging from 0.33 to 0.44.
      Subsequent systolic blood pressure was best predicted from initial resting and
      maximal exercise systolic blood pressures and left ventricular mass. Subsequent
      left ventricular mass was best predicted from initial left ventricular mass and
      maximal exercise diastolic blood pressure, but resting systolic blood pressure
      did not add to this latter prediction. Since left ventricular mass relates best
      to exercise blood pressure and not to resting blood pressure, left ventricular
      mass may provide an integrated view of the effects of blood pressure both at rest
      and during stress. We speculate that increased left ventricular mass in childhood
      may be an important predictor of subsequent hypertension and its consequences.

PMID- 3410530
TI  - Evaluation of the baroreceptor-heart rate reflex by 24-hour intra-arterial blood
      pressure monitoring in humans.
AB  - The baroreceptor control of the sinus node was evaluated in 10 normotensive and
      10 age-matched essential hypertensive subjects in whom ambulatory blood pressure
      was recorded intra-arterially for 24 hours and scanned by a computer to identify
      the sequences of three or more consecutive beats in which systolic blood pressure
      (SBP) and pulse interval (PI) progressively rose (+PI/+SBP) or fell (-PI/-SBP) in
      a linear fashion, according to a method validated in cats. In normotensive
      subjects, several hundred +PI/+SBP and -PI/-SBP sequences of 3 beats were found
      whereas the number of sequences of 4, 5, and more than 5 beats showed a
      progressive drastic reduction. The mean slopes of +PI/+SBP (7.6 +/- 2.0 msec/mm
      Hg) and -PI/-SBP (6.4 +/- 1.5 msec/mm Hg) sequences were similar, but in both
      instances there was a large scattering of the values around the mean (variation
      coefficients: 64.2 +/- 4.7 and 62.6 +/- 2.4%). The slopes decreased as a function
      of the sequence length and baseline heart rate and increased to a marked extent
      during the night as compared with daytime values. All sequences were more rare (
      33.2% for +PI/+SBP and -31.7% for -PI/-SBP) and less steep in hypertensive
      subjects (-40.3 and -36.2%, respectively), who failed to show the marked
      nighttime increase in slope observed in normotensive subjects. To our knowledge,
      these observations provide the first description in humans of the baroreceptor
      heart rate reflex in daily life. This reflex is characterized by marked within
      subject variations in sensitivity due in part to hemodynamic, temporal, and
      behavioral factors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3410533
TI  - An inner city homebirth service! The California experience!

PMID- 3410532
TI  - "A Royal Adelaide Hospital nurse is trained for anything." How often has that
      been heard in nursing circles?

PMID- 3410531
TI  - High NaCl predisposes Dahl rats to cerebral infarction after middle cerebral
      artery occlusion.
AB  - High (8%) and low (0.3%) NaCl diets were administered for 3 weeks before testing
      inbred Dahl salt-sensitive (SS/Jr) or salt-resistant rats (SR/Jr) for altered
      susceptibility to cerebral infarction after occlusion of the middle cerebral
      artery. At occlusion time, mean systolic blood pressure (BP) was 201 +/- 7 mm Hg
      in SS/Jr fed a high NaCl diet. Two weeks later an atrophied infarct was present
      in the territory of the occluded artery of all (n = 10) hypertensive SS/Jr, and
      infarct size was correlated with BP at occlusion time (p less than 0.01). In
      normotensive control SS/Jr fed a low NaCl diet (n = 11), BP (118 +/- 3 mm Hg),
      frequency of infarction (18%), and infarct size were all significantly less (p
      less than 0.05) than in the hypertensive rats. In SR/Jr fed a high (n = 11) or
      low (n = 10) NaCl diet, BP was not statistically different (112 +/- 4 vs 116 +/-
      4 mm Hg). Cerebral infarction frequency was significantly (p less than 0.05)
      greater in SR/Jr fed a high NaCl diet (73%) than in SR/Jr receiving a low NaCl
      diet (20%), but infarct size was not correlated with BP in SR/Jr (p greater than
      0.05). Thus, elevated NaCl intake in SS/Jr and SR/Jr before middle cerebral
      artery occlusion predisposes to cerebral infarction, but differences in infarct
      size and its correlation with BP suggest the controlling factors are not
      identical in the two strains.

PMID- 3410534
TI  - Educating nurses for South Australia's future. South Australian Institute of
      Technology.

PMID- 3410535
TI  - The quality of survival following surgery for ruptured cerebral aneurysm.

PMID- 3410536
TI  - Longitudinal study of antibody response to lipopolysaccharides during chronic
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection in cystic fibrosis.
AB  - Antibodies to Pseudomonas aeruginosa from 10 cystic fibrosis patients with
      chronic P. aeruginosa lung infections were quantitatively and qualitatively
      analyzed. The development of specific antibodies in patient serum was evaluated
      in a longitudinal study (1972 to 1987). The concentrations and specificities of
      immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM antibodies to purified lipopolysaccharides (LPS)
      from clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa and to a variety of other gram-negative
      bacteria were studied by immunoblotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
      techniques. Results were compared with the number of immunoprecipitates to P.
      aeruginosa whole-cell extracts detected by crossed immunoelectrophoresis. IgG,
      but not IgM, anti-Pseudomonas LPS concentrations increased significantly at the
      onset of chronic infection and continued to increase during the course of the
      infection. There was a good positive correlation between the concentration of IgG
      anti-Pseudomonas LPS antibodies and the number of crossed-immunoelectrophoresis
      precipitins. The increases in IgG anti-LPS antibody concentrations were much
      higher to Pseudomonas LPS than to other LPSs. Binding studies demonstrated an
      increase in binding of IgG anti-Pseudomonas LPS during infection, whereas the
      binding of other anti-LPS antibodies decreased. Immunoblotting studies confirmed
      that antibodies reacted strongly with Pseudomonas LPS and weakly with Escherichia
      coli core-lipid A. The specificity of the reaction with Pseudomonas LPS increased
      with the duration of infection. It is concluded that anti-LPS response in cystic
      fibrosis patients during chronic P. aeruginosa infection demonstrates a marked
      increase in IgG anti-Pseudomonas LPS antibody concentration, specificity, and
      affinity. The anti-LPS enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is proposed as a routine
      test to diagnose and to follow the course of chronic P. aeruginosa lung infection
      in patients with cystic fibrosis.

PMID- 3410537
TI  - Depression of immunity to Naegleria fowleri in mice by selective depletion of
      neutrophils with a monoclonal antibody.
AB  - In an attempt to define the role of neutrophils in immunity to Naegleria fowleri
      in vivo, we examined the effects of treating immunized (with amoeba culture
      supernatant antigen) mice with the monoclonal antibody NIMP-R10, which binds to
      neutrophil complement receptor type 3bi (CR3) and causes selective neutrophil
      depletion in mice. Mice in the nonimmunized group challenged with amoebae all
      died by day 12, while 97% in the immunized group survived. By contrast, the
      immunized group treated with NIMP-R10 showed only 25% survival. The immunized
      group treated with "control" mouse ascites, WEM-G11, was highly resistant (90%
      survival). There was a significant neutrophil response in the nasal mucosa and
      olfactory lobes of immunized, NIMP-R10-treated mice, despite a marked degree of
      neutropenia similar to that seen in immunized, untreated mice. Nonimmunized mice
      showed virtually no neutrophil response. Despite this response in the NIMP-R10
      treated mice, amoebic proliferation was not depressed, and there was no evidence
      of neutrophil degranulation or amoebic killing, despite the close apposition of
      large numbers of neutrophils to amoebae. The results indicate that neutrophils
      are necessary for the expression of immunity to N. fowleri.

PMID- 3410538
TI  - Synthesis and physicochemical and immunological characterization of pneumococcus
      type 12F polysaccharide-diphtheria toxoid conjugates.
AB  - A scheme for the synthesis and purification of conjugates, composed of the type
      12F capsular polysaccharide of Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pn12F) and diphtheria
      toxoid, is described. The scheme is a modification of that described previously
      for the Vi capsular polysaccharide of Salmonella typhi, a linear homopolymer of N
      acetylgalactoseaminouronic acid (S. C. Szu, A. L. Stone, J. D. Robbins, R.
      Schneerson, and J. B. Robbins, J. Exp. Med. 166:1510-1524, 1986). Pn12F is a
      branched-chain copolymer composed of a hexasaccharide repeating unit containing
      an aminouronic acid, N-acetylmannoseaminouronic acid (K. Leontein, B. Lindberg,
      and J. Lonngren, Can. J. Chem. 59:2081-2085, 1981). Sulfhydryl groups were
      introduced into Pn12F by forming an amide bond between cystamine and carboxyl
      groups of N-acetylmannoseaminouronic acid in the presence of a carbodiimide. The
      disulfide moiety of cystamine was reduced to form the cysteamine derivative of
      Pn12F which was, in turn, covalently bound to diphtheria toxoid by using the
      heterobifunctional linker N-succinimidyl-3-(2-pyridylthio)propionate. Unbound,
      high-molecular-weight Pn12F was removed from the conjugate by hydrophobic
      interaction chromatography through octyl Sepharose by using n-octyl-beta-D
      glucopyranoside as the eluent. In young outbred mice, Pn12F did not elicit
      detectable serum antibodies. Pn12F-diphtheria toxoid, in contrast, elicited
      antibodies after two injections and had T-cell-dependent properties as evidenced
      by a response to priming and by its ability to elicit booster responses. This
      scheme seems applicable to the synthesis of conjugates with other capsular
      polysaccharides containing aminouronic acids. Clinical evaluation of Pn12F
      diphtheria toxoid conjugates in healthy and in immunocompromised hosts is
      planned.

PMID- 3410539
TI  - Protective ability of antibodies against 78- and 40-kilodalton outer membrane
      antigens of Haemophilus somnus.
AB  - The ability of concentrated antibody against the 78- or 40-kilodalton (kDa) outer
      membrane protein (OMP) of Haemophilus somnus to passively protect calves against
      H. somnus-induced pneumonia was determined. The 78- and 40-kDa OMPs were
      evaluated in passive protection experiments, because results of previous studies
      demonstrated their (i) immunogenicity for cattle, (ii) intense reactivity with
      convalescent-phase sera which passively protected calves against experimental H.
      somnus pneumonia, (iii) surface location and accessibility to antibody, and (iv)
      conservation among a wide range of H. somnus isolates obtained from animals with
      different diseases and from different geographic locations. The specificity of
      the two antisera evaluated in this study was verified by (i) immunoblots in which
      reactivity against the 78- or 40-kDa OMP was present in postimmunization but not
      preimmunization serum and (ii) immunoblots in which affinity-purified, surface
      reactive antibodies in each antisera were used, which demonstrated that
      essentially only antibody to the 78- or 40-kDa OMP was reactive with the surface
      of H. somnus. In enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, the antiserum against the 40
      kDa OMP contained immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1), IgG2, and IgM against H. somnus,
      while the antiserum against the 78-kDa OMP contained IgG1 and IgM but no IgG2
      against H. somnus. The antiserum against the 40-kDa OMP contained IgG1 and IgG2
      specific for the 40-kDa OMP, as determined by Western blot analysis. Slight
      reactivity against H. somnus lipopolysaccharide was detected by enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay but not by Western blot analysis. In passive protection
      experiments, preincubation of bacteria with antibody against the 40-kDa OMP
      protected calves (P less than 0.025) against H. somnus pneumonia, while antibody
      against the 78-kDa OMP failed to protect calves against H. somnus pneumonia.
      Determination of the potential protective capacity of the 78-kDa OMP awaits
      resolution of the role of anti-78-kDa IgG2 in protection against H. somnus
      pneumonia. The 40-kDa OMP is, however, a good candidate antigen for evaluation of
      protective ability against H. somnus pneumonia following active immunization.

PMID- 3410540
TI  - Induction of lyme arthritis in LSH hamsters.
AB  - In studies of experimental Lyme disease, a major obstacle has been the
      unavailability of a suitable animal model. We found that irradiated LSH/Ss Lak
      hamsters developed arthritis after injection of Borrelia burgdorferi in the hind
      paws. When nonirradiated hamsters were injected in the hind paws with B.
      burgdorferi, acute transient synovitis was present. A diffuse neutrophilic
      infiltrate involved the synovia and periarticular structures. The inflammation
      was associated with edema, hyperemia, and granulation tissue. Numerous
      spirochetes were seen in the synovial and subsynovial tissues. The
      histopathologic changes were enhanced in irradiated hamsters. The onset and
      duration of the induced swelling were dependent on the dose of radiation and the
      inoculum of spirochetes. Inoculation of irradiated hamsters with Formalin-killed
      spirochetes or medium in which B. burgdorferi had grown for 7 days failed to
      induce swelling. This animal model should prove useful for studies of the immune
      response to B. burgdorferi and the pathogenesis of Lyme arthritis.

PMID- 3410541
TI  - Identification of Babesia bovis merozoite surface antigens by using immune bovine
      sera and monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - Three Babesia bovis merozoite surface proteins with relative molecular weights of
      37,000, 42,000, and 60,000 were identified by indirect immunofluorescence of live
      merozoites and by immunoprecipitation of 125I-surface-labeled merozoite proteins
      with immune bovine sera and monoclonal antibodies. These proteins were clearly of
      parasite origin, as evidenced by immunoprecipitation of metabolically labeled [(
      35S]methionine) merozoites from cultures with specific antimerozoite monoclonal
      antibodies. In addition, two other proteins were identified with these methods.
      An 85-kilodalton protein was considered to be of parasite origin based on
      fluorescence reactivity with a monoclonal antibody. However, this protein was not
      detected after immunoprecipitation of metabolically labeled parasites, and thus,
      the exact nature of its origin is equivocal. A fifth protein of 145 kilodaltons
      was detected by immunoprecipitation after metabolic labeling but was not directly
      apparent on the surfaces of live merozoites. Since merozoite surface proteins may
      be important in the induction of protective immunity, those identified here are
      candidates for vaccine studies.

PMID- 3410542
TI  - Further characterization of the curative antibodies in Trypanosoma musculi
      infection.
AB  - The ability of immune plasma (IP) taken from different donor strains of mice to
      cure Trypanosoma musculi infection in various recipient mouse strains, when given
      during the plateau phase of infection, was examined. C57BL/6, B10.A/SgSn,
      B10.D2/oSn, B10.D2/nSn, DBA/2, and BALB/c strains could be cured of parasitemia
      (giving 0.4 to 0.8 ml of IP per mouse), whereas A/J and C3H/HeN strains could not
      (giving up to 1.2 ml of IP per mouse). Noncure appeared to be associated with the
      high-plateau parasitemias (approximately 10(8] that developed in the latter
      strains since IP administered early in infection, when the parasite burden was
      similar to the plateau parasitemias (approximately 10(6] of strains that could be
      cured, was at least partially effective in A/J and C3H/HeN mice. The IP of any
      strain tested (C57BL/6, B10.D2/oSn, B10.D2/nSn, DBA/2, A/J, or C3H/HeN) could
      bring about elimination of trypanosomes in strains able to be cured. The potency
      of IP from different strains varied, being greater in the strains that developed
      higher-plateau parasitemias. Potency of IP appears to correlate positively with
      the titers of trypanosome-specific antibody of the immunoglobulin G2a isotype
      (the curative antibody). The role of the late-acting complement components was
      examined. In C5-deficient mice the course of infection was normal, although the
      elimination phase was delayed by a few days. Cure of parasitemia by IP
      administered during the plateau phase was equally effective in the presence or
      absence of C5 in either the donor or the recipient. When tested in vitro,
      however, IP only exhibited antitrypanosomal activity when added to infected blood
      taken from C5-sufficient strains of mice. We conclude that in vitro, under the
      conditions used in the assay, antibody-mediated destruction of the trypanosomes
      is brought about by complement-mediated lysis. This process, although it probably
      occurs to some extent, is unlikely to be the major mechanism of trypanosome
      elimination in vivo.

PMID- 3410544
TI  - Resistance to Plasmodium chabaudi in B10 mice: influence of the H-2 complex and
      testosterone.
AB  - Resistance to Plasmodium chabaudi has been examined in different inbred mouse
      strains bearing identical H-2 haplotypes on different genetic backgrounds as well
      as in H-2-congenic mouse strains on B10 background. Resistance is expressed in
      terms of percent survival after a challenge with 10(6) P. chabaudi-infected
      erythrocytes. We can show that murine resistance to P. chabaudi is under complex
      polygenic control involving a non-H-2 gene(s) as well as genes in both I-A and I
      E subregions of the H-2 complex. Our data indicate in particular that malaria
      protective antigens can be presented in context with I-Ab molecules but not in
      context with I-Ak molecules. Resistance controlled by I-Ab does not become
      apparent when I-Ek molecules are coincidentally expressed. Moreover, testosterone
      abrogates I-Ab-controlled resistance to P. chabaudi.

PMID- 3410543
TI  - Natural occurrence of black-pigmented Bacteroides species in the gingival crevice
      of the squirrel monkey.
AB  - The objective of this study was to determine whether the squirrel monkey (Saimiri
      scuireus) is indigenously colonized with black-pigmented bacteroides (BPB)
      resembling human Bacteroides gingivalis and Bacteroides intermedius (suspected
      periodontal pathogens) and to determine the usefulness of the squirrel monkey as
      an in vivo model for studying colonization by putative pathogens. We assayed the
      subgingival plaques of 138 monkeys of various ages and in four different colonies
      for the presence of anaerobic BPB microorganisms. We also tested half the animals
      for the presence of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. Clinical indices and
      levels of serum antibody to B. gingivalis were recorded. We detected BPB in 50%
      of the animals and A. actinomycetemcomitans in 69% of the animals. The presence
      of BPB was generally associated with increased age, increased gingival index,
      presence of calculus, and increased levels of serum antibody. These data indicate
      that the squirrel monkey may be a good model for studying the parameters of
      natural infection of the gingival crevice with suspected periodontopathogenic BPB
      microorganisms.

PMID- 3410545
TI  - Separation and characterization of a 14,000-dalton cyanogen bromide-generated
      peptide from a 185,000-dalton streptococcal antigen.
AB  - The cell surface streptococcal antigen (SA) (185,000 molecular weight [185K SA])
      was isolated from Streptococcus mutans and digested with cyanogen bromide. Three
      major products with molecular weights of 100,000, 50,000, and 14,000 appeared
      within 1 h of digestion. Time course studies of digestion by polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis showed maximal intensity of the 14K band after 8 h. However,
      other bands appeared as well, notably 70K and 20K bands. Several bands were
      eluted from the gels, and their antigenicity was studied. They reacted with
      antisera to the native 185K SA I/II, as well as with those to the SA I and SA II
      antigens, though antibody binding by radioimmunoassay was significantly lower
      than that with the native SA. The 14K SA was identified on Western blots
      (immunoblots) with anti-SA I/II, I, and II antisera. The digested SAs were then
      tested for their immunogenicity by injecting CBA mice with the separated SA mixed
      in complete Freund adjuvant. Whereas the unseparated cyanogen bromide-treated SA
      and separated 70K and 20K SAs were immunogenic, the 14K SA failed to elicit serum
      antibodies. Further investigation of the 14K SA revealed that although it is
      apparently not immunogenic, it can induce a primary antibody response in mice
      when followed by the native 185K SA and a secondary response when mice are
      immunized first with the 185K SA.

PMID- 3410546
TI  - Cloning and expression of a Streptococcus sanguis surface antigen that interacts
      with a human salivary agglutinin.
AB  - Human saliva contains a high-molecular-weight glycoprotein (agglutinin) which
      binds to specific streptococci in a calcium-dependent reaction leading to the
      formation of bacterial aggregates. We report the cloning of a gene encoding a
      surface antigen from Streptococcus sanguis M5 and show that the expressed protein
      inhibits agglutinin-mediated aggregation and specifically binds the salivary
      agglutinin in a calcium-dependent fashion. Clones isolated from the immunological
      screening of S. sanguis M5 genomic libraries with polyclonal antibodies against
      whole cells were assayed for the ability to compete with S. sanguis for
      agglutinin. One clone, pSSP-5, expressed antigens of 165 and 130 kilodaltons
      (kDa) possessing this activity. A 3-kilobase-pair (kbp) insert fragment from this
      clone was used to screen a genomic library in lambda EMBL3 which resulted in the
      isolation of clone SSP-5A. This clone contained an insert of 17 kb and expressed
      proteins of 170 to 205 kDa that reacted with the anti-S. sanguis antibodies.
      Subcloning of a 5.3-kbp EcoRI-BamHI fragment from SSP-5A produced pEB-5, which
      expressed streptococcal components that were indistinguishable from SSP-5A. The
      streptococcal antigen was purified by gel permeation and ion exchange
      chromatography and shown to potently compete with S. sanguis M5 cells for
      agglutinin. The antigen also bound purified salivary agglutinin in the presence
      of 1 mM CaCl2. This binding was inhibited by EDTA. Both the SSP-5 antigen and a
      205-kDa protein in surface protein extracts from S. sanguis M5 cross-reacted with
      antibodies directed against antigen B from S. mutans and SpaA from S. sobrinus
      6715. These results indicate that a 205-kDa surface protein that is antigenically
      related to SpaA and antigen B is involved in the binding of salivary agglutinin
      to S. sanguis M5.

PMID- 3410547
TI  - Antigenically related iron-regulated outer membrane proteins produced by
      different somatic serotypes of Pasteurella multocida.
AB  - An 84-kilodalton outer membrane protein was expressed when Pasteurella multocida,
      somatic serotype 3, was grown in brain-heart infusion broth containing the iron
      chelator dipyridyl but not in brain-heart infusion broth alone. Antigenically
      related outer membrane proteins of various molecular masses were also expressed
      by P. multocida strains belonging to all of the other 15 somatic serotypes
      (somatic serotype 12 being the possible exception) as well as by isolates
      expressing somatic antigens representative of multiple somatic serotypes when
      grown under the same conditions of iron deprivation.

PMID- 3410549
TI  - Work at sea: a study of sleep, and of circadian rhythms in physiological and
      psychological functions, in watchkeepers on merchant vessels. III. Rhythms in
      physiological functions.
AB  - Oral and rectal temperature, urinary excretion of adrenaline and noradrenaline,
      and heart rate were measured in 28 watchkeepers working a "4-on/8-off" routine,
      and in 25 dayworkers, on board ships. Readings of oral temperature were taken
      over 4-hourly periods of up to two weeks; the rectal temperature, urine, and
      heart rate data were collected on selected days within these periods. Analysis of
      watchkeepers' temperatures and unconjugated catecholamine excretions showed
      slight signs of an interactive adaptation to time of day and hours of work, but
      it was clear that full phase adjustment of the circadian rhythms to shifted hours
      of work did not occur. The "split" pattern of sleep imposed by the watch system
      may be a major factor in preventing complete adaptation of physiological rhythms
      to shift work in the shipboard situation; this problem could be overcome by
      devising a system that allows sleep to be taken in a single uninterrupted block
      each day.

PMID- 3410548
TI  - Inhibition of Chlamydia trachomatis growth by recombinant tumor necrosis factor.
AB  - Purified human recombinant tumor necrosis factor (rTNF) alpha inhibited the
      growth of Chlamydia trachomatis (L2/434/Bu) in HEp-2 cell cultures. The
      inhibition of C. trachomatis yield could be achieved even when the rTNF alpha
      (200 ng/ml) was added up to 12 h after infection. The effect of rTNF alpha on
      chlamydial infection was synergistic with that of gamma interferon.

PMID- 3410550
TI  - Work at sea: a study of sleep, and of circadian rhythms in physiological and
      psychological functions, in watchkeepers on merchant vessels. IV. Rhythms in
      performance and alertness.
AB  - Performance scores on both a simple detection task and a complex visual judgment
      task, together with subjective alertness ratings, were collected 4-hourly from 19
      watchkeepers working a "4-on/8-off" routine, and from 20 dayworkers, over
      consecutive days of voyages on merchant ships. Adaptation of the circadian
      rhythms in the measures to the shifted hours of work of the three sections of the
      watchkeeping crews was at best only partial. These rhythms resulted in a
      depression of the levels of most measures during the night hours, which was
      exacerbated by the effects of recent awakening from sleep. It is suggested that
      these unwanted variations in operational effectiveness could be largely removed
      by replacing the 4-on/8-off watchkeeping system, with its associated "split"
      sleep pattern, by one which allows a single full length sleep each day. Such a
      system would encourage better adaptation of the rhythms; effects of recent
      awakening could be avoided by the provision of an adequate "waking up" period
      before duty begins.

PMID- 3410551
TI  - Cadmium, zinc, copper and metallothionein levels in human liver.
AB  - The concentrations of cadmium, zinc, copper and metallothionein in the autopsy
      samples of liver among the inhabitants of Lodz (Poland) were determined. The
      cadmium levels were low in the range of 1.5 to 5.8 micrograms/g. The
      concentration of metallothionein determined by the Hg-method was high (0.160
      1.665 mumol Hg/g); it was mainly a Zn-thionein. The percentage of hepatic zinc
      bound in the MT-fraction increased with the overall content of zinc in the liver.
      The elevation of zinc in the liver occurs in the proportion required for the
      saturation of metal-binding ligands of metallothionein. The role of cadmium
      remains less clear. Our results suggest that the metallothionein level in the
      liver increase significantly in response to elevated cadmium concentrations. This
      response, however, is in high excess to the demand which is justified
      stoichiometrically.

PMID- 3410553
TI  - Workers' sleep quality as determined by shift system and demographic factors.
AB  - The present paper is based on the results of a study conducted to examine whether
      there are any differences in sleep quality between permanent day workers and
      rotating shift workers working under two- and three-shift systems. Influences of
      demographic variables such as subjects' age and experience on sleep were also
      explored. The subjects studied consisted of 125 permanent day workers, 125
      fortnightly rotating two-shift workers, and 50 weekly rotating three-shift
      workers. The method of data collection was that of field study through
      questionnaire. The results show that, compared to the permanent day workers,
      sleep quality is poorer for the rotating shift workers and, between the two
      groups of shift workers, it is poorer for the three-shift workers. These findings
      imply that a discontinuous two-shift system (without night work) is more
      convenient than a continuous three-shift system (including night work).

PMID- 3410552
TI  - A genotoxic study of metal workers exposed to trichloroethylene. Sperm parameters
      and chromosome aberrations in lymphocytes.
AB  - Metal workers exposed to trichloroethylene for the degreasing of metals were
      studied to evaluate the genotoxicity of this exposure. For 15 workers presently
      exposed to high doses of trichloroethylene there was no difference from unexposed
      persons with respect to sperm count and morphology, and a small increase of two
      fluorescent bodies (YFF%) in spermatozoa. In contrast, there was a highly
      significant increase in frequency of structural aberrations (breaks, gaps,
      translocation, deletions, inversions) and hyperdiploid cells in cultured
      lymphocytes from trichloroethylene degreasers. As control groups, physicians from
      chemically non-exposed surroundings and a concurrently sampled reference from
      cytogenetic investigations were used. This study indicates positive correlations
      between exposure to trichloroethylene and somatic chromosome aberrations, whereas
      no effect on male germ cells could be demonstrated.

PMID- 3410556
TI  - Endotoxin-induced auto-immunity in mice. II. Reactivity of LPS-hyporesponsive and
      C5-deficient animals.
AB  - Auto-antibody responses and circulating immune complex levels of mice with
      abnormal reactions to endotoxin were investigated after injection with the
      bacterial product. It was observed that C3H/HeJ mice displayed very high
      background plaque-forming cell responses towards bromelain-treated isologous
      erythrocytes which were slightly enhanced by endotoxin treatment. The same
      animals, however, did not bear autohaemolysins in their serum, but became so upon
      endotoxin injection. A possible relationship between the high background
      reactivity of C3H/HeJ mice and the low toxicity of endotoxin in these animals is
      discussed. Neither untreated nor lipopolysaccharide-injected C3H/HeJ mice showed
      significant immune complex levels in their sera. This may be explained by their
      hyporesponsiveness, but by a low sensitivity to the toxic effects of endotoxin as
      well. C5-deficient and C5-sufficient mice showed similar auto-immune reactions,
      indicating that C5a, which is responsible for other effects of endotoxin, is not
      involved in endotoxin-induced auto-immunity.

PMID- 3410555
TI  - Biological effects in a chemical factory with mutagenic exposure. III. Urinary
      mutagenicity and thioether excretion.
AB  - Eighty-five workers in a chemical plant, in which there was an increased
      frequency of B-lymphocyte tumours (myelomas and lymphomas) and lung cancer, did
      not excrete higher amounts of thioethers in urine than 48 control subjects. The
      chemically exposed workers had, however, a higher excretion of thioethers in
      urine during shift compared to an exposure-free period. The bacterial fluctuation
      test showed a statistically significantly increased mutagenic activity for E.
      coli Wp2 uvrA, but not for Salmonella TA98, in the urine of the exposed workers
      compared with the controls. However, no difference in excretion was found in the
      chemical workers between work and an exposure free-period. Further, no
      association of thioether or mutagen excretion with any specific chemical exposure
      (e.g. ethylene oxide and formaldehyde) in the plant could firmly be established.

PMID- 3410557
TI  - Bronchoconstriction induced by platelet-activating factor in the guinea pig and
      its inhibition by CV-3988, a PAF antagonist: serial changes in findings of lung
      histology and bronchoalveolar lavage cell population.
AB  - Platelet-activating factor (PAF), 1-o-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glyceryl-3-phosphoryl
      choline, induced acute bronchoconstriction in the guinea pig when intravenously
      administered in a very small dosage (30 ng/kg). Serial changes in findings of
      lung histology and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cell population were studied.
      Severe bronchial smooth muscle contraction and hypersecretion were followed by
      eosinophil infiltration. Increase in the number of eosinophils was also
      elucidated by BAL. Prominent damage to the ciliated bronchial epithelial cells
      was suggested from the lung histology, which was also supported by the fact that
      a number of ciliated cells was recovered by BAL. Late-onset bronchial
      constriction after PAF infusion was not observed. CV-3988, one of the specific
      PAF antagonists, completely inhibited the PAF-induced bronchoconstriction when
      administered before the PAF infusion. We concluded that PAF is a potent in vivo
      agent which brings about hypersecretion, eosinophil accumulation, bronchial
      epithelial damage as well as bronchoconstriction in the guinea pig, and that its
      action is completely blocked by CV-3988.

PMID- 3410554
TI  - Biological effects in a chemical factory with mutagenic exposure. I. Cytogenetic
      and haematological parameters.
AB  - Analysis in two independent laboratories demonstrated no significant differences
      in chromosome aberrations or micronuclei in lymphocytes from peripheral blood
      between workers in a chemical factory (exposed to a mixture of chemicals, such as
      piperazine, low levels of ethylene oxide and formaldehyde, aromatic nitrogen
      compounds, and other aromatic compounds) compared to unexposed control subjects.
      The chemical workers had significantly higher counts of lymphocytes (3.57 vs.
      2.82 X 10(9)/l; P less than 0.001), eosinophils (0.27 vs. 0.20 X 10(9)/l; P =
      0.005), and basophils (0.06 vs. 0.05 X 10(9)/l; P = 0.01) than the controls.
      Twenty workers exposed to piperazine had higher total numbers of B-lymphocytes
      than control subjects.

PMID- 3410558
TI  - Relationship between leukotriene C4 and an uteroglobin-like protein in nasal and
      tracheobronchial mucosa of children. Implication in acute respiratory illnesses.
AB  - Secretions from the nose and nasopharynx (NPS) are more readily accessible than
      tracheobronchial secretions (TBS) for clinical investigations, but it is unclear
      whether changes in mediator release in the nasopharynx reflect similar changes in
      the tracheobronchial tree. In order to clarify this question, NPS and TBS were
      taken from 20 children with tracheotomy and tested for the presence of
      leukotriene C4 (LTC4) and uteroglobin-like protein (UTG-LP). LTC4 and UTG-LP were
      measured both when the children were healthy and when they had clinical evidence
      of an acute respiratory tract illness. The mean concentration of LTC4 in NPS and
      TBS increased during illness although the mean concentration in NPS was
      significantly higher than in TBS during respiratory illness. In healthy children
      UTG-LP was detected only in TBS. During acute respiratory illness the
      concentration of UTG-LP in TBS decreased but remained significantly higher than
      in NPS. Data presented in this study indicate that changes in the LTC4
      concentration in NPS appear to reflect changes in LTC4 concentration in TBS
      although the levels of LTC4 in NPS were significantly higher than in TBS. An
      inverse correlation between the concentrations of LTC4 and UTG-LP in NPS and TBS
      was demonstrated.

PMID- 3410559
TI  - Sensitivity of passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in rats. II. Suppression of passive
      cutaneous anaphylactic reactions in rats infected with Nippostrongylus
      brasiliensis.
AB  - The sensitivity of passive cutaneous anaphylactic (PCA) reaction was examined in
      rats infected with the nematode parasite, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Nb). PCA
      reactions with anti-DNP IgE antibody were remarkably suppressed by Nb infection
      already 10 days after infection and persisted for at least 28 weeks. 10 days
      after infection, no anti-Nb IgE antibody was present in the sera of infected
      rats, whereas 18 or 28 weeks after infection, circulating anti-Nb IgE antibody
      was present. It was concluded that two different mechanisms might explain the
      suppression. 10 days after infection, nonspecific IgE induced by potentiated IgE
      production inhibited passive sensitization with anti-DNP IgE antibody by
      occupying the IgE receptors on mast cells, whereas 18 or 28 weeks after
      infection, the mast cell IgE receptors were occupied by IgE antibody specific for
      the Nb antigen. The reactivity through non-immunological processes (skin
      sensitivity to compound 48/80) was not modified by Nb infection at any time after
      infection.

PMID- 3410560
TI  - Effect of a leukotriene D4 (LTD4) antagonist on LTD4 and ascaris antigen-induced
      airway responses in rhesus monkeys.
AB  - An acute airway response to aerosolized leukotriene D4 (LTD4) qualitatively
      simulates an IgE-mediated ascaris antigen-induced airway response. The LTD4
      airway response is completely inhibited by the LTD4 antagonist, ICI 198615, in
      normal monkeys. This LTD4 antagonist was then evaluated to determine whether it
      could inhibit the IgE-mediated ascaris antigen response using the threshold
      antigen dose-response system or the single antigen dose-response system. In 6
      ascaris airway-reactive monkeys, the LTD4 antagonist demonstrated partial
      inhibition in 2 animals by either the threshold dose system in 1 animal or the
      single dose system in another animal. In the remaining animals there was no
      inhibition of the antigen-induced response by the LTD4 antagonist.

PMID- 3410561
TI  - Seasonal patterns of circulating basophils.
AB  - The seasonal patterns of circulating basophils were investigated in a sample of
      33,000 French subjects, aged 20-60 years. Circannual variations (minimum in
      October, maximum in July) which might be related to pollens were observed.
      Periods with cold weather (temperature below 0 degrees C) correlated to a
      temporary rise in basophils.

PMID- 3410562
TI  - Sperm loss in the urine of sexually rested men.
AB  - In the majority of species, the number of spermatozoa ejaculated is considerably
      less than the number of sperm produced. Two possible explanations for this
      discrepancy are the resorption of sperm in the reproductive tract and/or the
      passage of sperm to the urine. We have examined 24-h urine samples from fertile
      men who abstained from sexual activity for up to 13 days. Very few sperm were
      found in the 24-h urine samples. We conclude that sperm loss in the urine is not
      a significant pathway of sperm disposal in the sexually rested male.

PMID- 3410563
TI  - Solutes vs. symptoms in uremia.

PMID- 3410564
TI  - A digital computer model for optimal programming of hemodialytic treatment.
AB  - A mathematical model of hydroelectrolyte exchanges and arterial pressure
      regulation in the human body during dialysis has been set up. It is conceived as
      a tool for a new dialysis unit which will be able to "interpret" the signals
      supplied by suitable instruments connected to the patient and modify the machine
      set-points in real time in order to obtain clinical results defined by the
      physician. The main aim is the prevention of hypotensive episodes during
      treatment. An experimental protocol has been developed for parameter estimation
      of each patient during a single dialysis. Clinical tests illustrated the model's
      ability to fit the patient's state during dialysis. This is the first step in the
      more general task of validation of the model, necessary for the achievement of a
      closed-loop dialysis unit.

PMID- 3410566
TI  - Heparin-free hemodialysis with prophylactic change of dialyser and blood lines.
AB  - Heparinization during hemodialysis may cause severe bleeding complications in
      patients with high bleeding risk. Heparin-free hemodialyses (n = 208) were
      performed in 46 unselected patients with high bleeding risk after kidney
      transplantation (n = 25), after major surgery (n = 10), and with bleeding
      disorders (n = 11). Dialyser and blood lines were primed without heparin. In
      addition to the established measures (high blood flow, intermittent rinsing),
      system clotting was prevented by prophylactically changing the dialyser and blood
      lines in 107 of 208 dialyses (52 percent). Total system clotting with blood loss
      ranging from 100 to 250 ml occurred in six cases (3 percent). Mean hemodialysis
      time (+/- SD) was 4.1 hours (+/- 0.4), rising volume of the extracorporeal system
      1.4 liters/hour (+/- 0.6), blood flow 244 ml/min (+/- 38), clotting time 12 min
      (+/- 4), and weight loss 2.5 kg (+/- 1.5). Mean hemodialysis creatinine clearance
      was 110 ml/min (+/- 34) and BUN clearance 138 ml/min (+/- 48). Heparin-free
      hemodialysis with prophylactic change of system is thus a safe and practical
      method of treatment for patients at high bleeding risk, but it is less effective,
      more expensive and the patient requires closer care.

PMID- 3410565
TI  - Treatment of the anemia of hemodialysis patients with recombinant human
      erythropoietin.
AB  - Fifteen long-term hemodialysis patients suffering from stable anemia received
      recombinant human erythropoietin (r-huEPO). The hormone was given intravenously
      at the end of each dialysis session starting with a dose of 24 IU/kg. This dose
      was doubled when hemoglobin levels did not rise within 2 weeks. The number of
      reticulocytes started to increase after 14 days of treatment. The hematocrit rose
      from baseline values of 23.7 +/- 1.2% to 32.4 +/- 1.3% after 24 weeks of
      treatment. In parallel, hemoglobin values increased from 7.3 +/- 0.3 g/100 ml to
      10.1 +/- 0.4 g/100 ml. As for side effects, 3 patients developed hypertension and
      2 patients suffered from occlusions of their arterio-venous fistulas. There was
      no evidence of major organ dysfunctions, toxic effects, allergic reactions, or
      antibody formation. These data show that r-HuEPO is able to correct the anemia of
      patients undergoing hemodialysis treatment.

PMID- 3410568
TI  - Hemodynamic effects of right ventricular assist pumping.

PMID- 3410567
TI  - Influence of dialysate and membrane biocompatibility on hemodynamic stability in
      hemodialysis.
AB  - The contributions of membrane biocompatibility, dialysate temperature and sodium
      concentration to hemodynamic stability during hemodialysis were studied in 8
      patients with a high incidence of hemodialysis-induced symptomatic hypotension.
      Patients were treated during 8 different periods, randomly ordered in each case,
      resulting from the combination of the following: the membrane, either Cuprophan
      or Polyacrylonitrile; the dialysate temperature, 37 or 35 degrees C, and the
      sodium concentration, 133 or 139 mmol/l. The incidence of symptomatic hypotension
      was lower at 35 degrees C in the entire study with either membrane and either
      sodium concentration. It was also lower with a sodium concentration of 139 mmol/l
      with either temperature and either membrane. There was a lower incidence of
      symptomatic hypotension when using Polyacrylonitrile, but this difference was not
      significant. We conclude that changes in physicochemical parameters of dialysate
      lead to worth-while improvement of symptomatic hypotension in hemodialysis
      patients, but membrane biocompatibility seems to play a minor role.

PMID- 3410569
TI  - Design considerations for a small bore vascular prosthesis.
AB  - No synthetic prosthesis has yet been found which can satisfactorily be used as a
      substitute for saphenous veins in vascular surgery. One explanation for the lack
      of success is that their properties and behaviour do not mimic those of the
      arteries they replace. The essential features for a successful vascular
      prosthesis, over and above biocompatibility, are a low friction non-thrombogenic
      flow surface, mechanical (elastic) behaviour that matches natural artery and
      dimensions that approximate the host vessels. This will allow a high velocity of
      flow with low impedance. A prosthesis with this specification would avoid the
      problems of flow disturbances and reflection at the anastomoses, pulse wave
      damping and large pressure gradients, all of which reduce pulsatile energy. We
      have designed a vascular prosthesis based upon the above criteria. It has an
      internal diameter of 4 mm and a wall thickness of 1 mm. Its geometry makes it
      kink resistant and a good match for tibial and coronary arteries. The prosthesis
      is made from polyurethane and its mechanical properties, which approximate to
      those of peripheral arteries, are achieved via a mechanism of internal wall
      compression rather than external circumferential expansion. To assess the in-vivo
      potential of this prosthesis, 21 grafts were implanted in 11 sheep, replacing a
      section of carotid artery with a 6 cm long prosthesis. All 21 grafts were patent
      after 3 months. One graft was removed for histological examination. 16 of the
      remaining 20 grafts were patent after 7 months. Problems associated with
      thrombosis were not encountered and we conclude that this prosthesis shows good
      potential as a small bore vascular substitute.

PMID- 3410570
TI  - Morbidity in valvular heart replacement: risk factors of systemic emboli and
      thrombotic obstruction.
AB  - A study on a cohort of 839 patients with valvular heart replacement between June
      1977 and May 1985 showed that the linearized rates of systemic emboli and
      thrombotic obstruction were 1.4/100 pts/year for Aortic Valve Replacement (AVR),
      2.2/100 pts./year for Mitral Valve Replacement, and 3.00/100 pts./year for Double
      Valve Replacement (DVR). The 5-year free-from-thromboembolism (TE) survival was
      95% for AVR and 92% for MVR. The hazard function (the instantaneous risk) for TE
      peaked in the first six months after operation for AVR and MVR. Another analysis
      using the Cox regression model to estimate risk factors of systemic emboli and
      thrombotic obstruction pinpointed two factors in the AVR group: presence of
      aortic regurgitation (AR) and age at operation. In the MVR group the sole
      predictor covariate was sex of the patients, with a higher hazard for females.
      Our results underline the importance of patient-related factors besides the type
      of prosthesis as predictors of morbidity from TE.

PMID- 3410571
TI  - Plasma-exchange in myasthenia gravis: a study in 20 patients.
AB  - Twenty patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) of generalized 2A and 2B types
      according to the Ossermann classification were treated with a course of nine
      plasma exchanges (PE) every two days. Before starting of the course, at the
      fourth exchange, and at the end of the course, the muscle balance was assessed
      following a special protocol. Other functions, such as respiratory function,
      stapedial reflex, phonation, and electro-oculographic activity were assessed and
      a Desmedt test was done. Three patients showed complete remission of symptoms, 8
      showed good improvement and 6 mild improvement. Three showed no improvement. In
      total 85% of patients gained from PE. The onset of improvement was rapid in all
      patients but in some it lasted only a short time while in others it persisted for
      several weeks and even months, without the need for immunosuppressive therapy.

PMID- 3410572
TI  - Optimization of heparin anticoagulation during membrane plasma separation.
AB  - This study analyses 75 membrane plasma exchanges carried out in 18 patients where
      various amounts of heparin were used to define the heparin kinetic during plasma
      exchange and the appropriate anticoagulation. A specific assay was employed to
      measure heparin concentration. Our results showed that: 1) the heparin
      distribution volume exceeded the expected value by 10 to 25%; 2) the drug is
      filtered with a sieving coefficient = 1; 3) the appropriate concentration range
      is within 0.2 and 0.5 Ul/ml.; 4) the heparin blood levels strictly correlate with
      a PTT (p less than 0.001); 5) the individual need for heparin is related to the
      patient Hct (p less than 0.001) and plasma flow (p less than 0.001). Simple
      guidelines are provided to determine the appropriate heparin dosage in single
      patients.

PMID- 3410573
TI  - An improved method to evaluate the precision of computer ECG measurement
      programs.
AB  - We present a new graphical evaluation method aimed at displaying the main
      characteristics of computer ECG measurement program results. The proposed graphs
      provide information on the number of rejected measurements and gross program
      errors, and on the precision of the results, i.e. the scatter of the differences
      between fiducial point estimates given by the programs and the reference.
      'Scatter-graphs' concerning P, QRS and T wave boundary recognition from the
      programs participating in the European Concerted Action on 'Common Standards for
      Quantitative Electrocardiography (C.S.E.)' are analysed and discussed (10
      standard 12-lead ECG programs and 9 Vectorcardiographic (VCG) programs from 10
      European, 5 American and 1 Japanese Centers). The method proved to be a powerful
      tool for a direct and global qualitative comparison of the efficiency of the
      algorithms elaborated by the program developers, and allowed some of the
      strategies adopted in these programs to be highlighted.

PMID- 3410575
TI  - TURBOLYTIK: a peptide cleavage program for personal computers.
AB  - A microcomputer program that simulates the cleavage of polypeptides by various
      chemical and enzymic means is described. The program is written in Turbo Basic, a
      new dialect of Basic, and is compiled to run on personal computers using the MS
      DOS operating system. The program generates all the possible cleavage fragments
      that can arise when a protein of known primary structure is cleaved at
      susceptible sites. The output also provides the estimation of the molecular
      weights, the charge per molecule at a given pH and a prediction of the
      isoelectric point. The program is designed to facilitate the easy selection of
      suitable proteolytic methods in protein chemistry, identification of peptides on
      a peptide map generated by conventional means or in mass spectra obtained from
      mass spectrometry. The program will find use in laboratories attempting to define
      posttranslational covalent modifications on protein molecules or exclude frame
      shift errors in the deductions of primary structures from cDNA clones.

PMID- 3410574
TI  - A rapid computerized method for quantitation of cellular mediated immunity in
      biological systems.
AB  - The aim of this study was to compare the quantitation of cellular mediated
      immunity (CMI) assessed by leukocyte migration (LM) using a Hewlett Packard Model
      9825A Desk-top computer interfaced to a Talos Cyber Graphics Digitizer vs. the
      standard quantitation done by tracing the projected profile of the migrated
      leukocytes on papers, cutting and weighing. The computerized quantitation
      resulted in a percentage migration mean of 75.91 as compared to standard
      quantitation by weighing (76.37) (P greater than 0.05). The unweighted least
      squares linear regression resulted in R2 0.9987, an indication of a high
      correlation between the data obtained by both methods. The advantages of
      computerized quantitation of cellular mediated immunity are discussed.

PMID- 3410576
TI  - A computerized system for learned helplessness experiments.
AB  - A microcomputer-based system for carrying out learned helplessness experiments is
      described. The hardware is inexpensive and easily available. The program is
      written in BASIC and must be executed in the compiled form in order to keep up
      with real-time events. It contains an algorithm for calculating inter-trial
      intervals and allows the experimentor to freely select experimental conditions
      such as duration of shock, number of trials, etc. The task that the rat is
      required to do to stop the shock is also selectable, thus giving the experimentor
      the opportunity to maximize behavioral differences between escapable and
      inescapable rats while these differences are being induced. Experimental data on
      12 rats that went through this automated protocol are analyzed and discussed.

PMID- 3410577
TI  - The use of a microcomputer to analyse differences between histograms derived from
      flow cytofluorimetric measurements.
AB  - Computer programs which aid the interpretation of histograms of fluorescence
      intensity obtained by flow cytofluorimetry are described. The methods employed
      have high reproducibility when used to estimate the proportion of cells contained
      in a subset of the population which is distinguishable by some degree of
      enhancement of fluorescence intensity, e.g. the lymphocyte subset in the
      peripheral blood mononuclear cells stained immunocytochemically with a monoclonal
      antibody, or for detection of those cells that have undergone activation by
      demonstrating an increase in cellular RNA after stochiometric staining with
      acridine orange. The influence of inter-observer variability and of extraneous
      fluorescence spikes caused by cell culture debris has been investigated, and
      guidelines are set out for the use of the method. The method can be used
      efficiently by relatively unskilled operators to obtain highly reproducible
      results.

PMID- 3410579
TI  - Melatonin and 6-methoxy-2-benzoxazolinone (6-MBOA) alter the response of the male
      Syrian hamster to natural photoperiod.

PMID- 3410578
TI  - Statistical analysis of censored motion sickness latency data using the two
      parameter Weibull distribution.
AB  - The suitability of the two-parameter Weibull distribution for describing highly
      censored cat motion sickness latency data was evaluated by estimating the
      parameters with the maximum likelihood method and testing for goodness of fit
      with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistic. A procedure for determining confidence
      levels and testing for significance of the difference between Weibull parameters
      is described. Computer programs for these procedures may be obtained from an
      archival source.

PMID- 3410580
TI  - Effect of thermal stress and water deprivation on the acetylcholinesterase
      activity of the pig brain and hypophyses.

PMID- 3410581
TI  - Correlation between the atmospheric conditions and the asthmatic symptom. An
      analysis by a point process model for records of adult and child patients in
      three cities.

PMID- 3410582
TI  - The effect of weather on mood, productivity, and frequency of emotional crisis in
      a temperate continental climate.

PMID- 3410584
TI  - Headaches prior to earthquakes.

PMID- 3410583
TI  - Does cold winter weather produce depressive symptoms?

PMID- 3410585
TI  - Sleep-enhancing effects of far-infrared radiation in rats.

PMID- 3410586
TI  - Ibopamine kinetics after a single oral dose in patients with congestive heart
      failure.
AB  - The kinetics of ibopamine, the 3,4-diisobutyryl ester of N-methyldopamine
      (epinine), was assessed in 27 patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) and 8
      healthy normal subjects (NS). Nine patients were in functional class IV according
      to the NYHA definition, 9 in class III and 9 in class II. Ibopamine was
      administered at a single oral dose of 100 mg. Epinine, both free and total
      (mainly conjugated), plasma concentrations and urinary recoveries of total
      epinine, HVA and DOPAC were studied. The results showed that ibopamine kinetics
      is not substantially different in CHF patients and in NS. In both groups the
      absorption of the drug was equally prompt and elevated. Mean Cmax, tmax and AUC
      infinity values of total epinine in CHF patients did not differ significantly
      from those in NS. In CHF patients t 1/2 of total epinine was significantly higher
      than in NS (4.1 +/- 0.2 h vs 3.1 +/- 0.2 h, mean +/- SE). Mean Cmax, tmax, AUCt
      and MRT values of free epinine in CHF patients were not significantly different
      from those in NS. The urinary recovery of the 3 metabolites considered together
      was comparable in CHF patients and in NS. The mean +/- SE total urinary
      recoveries in the 24 h after dosing, expressed as percentages of the administered
      dose, were 60 +/- 3 in CHF patients and 69 +/- 4 in NS. Conjugated epinine in
      urine was found to be constituted by 3-O-sulfate (84%) and 4-O-sulfate (16%).

PMID- 3410587
TI  - Trimethoprim in the treatment of acute urinary tract infections in children.
AB  - In the first study to assess the effect of trimethoprim in the treatment of acute
      urinary tract infections in children, we compared it with sulphisoxazole.
      Eighteen girls, mean age 5.3 years, were treated with trimethoprim 6 mg/kg/day.
      Seventeen girls, mean age 5.0 years, treated with sulphisoxazole 150-200
      mg/kg/day for 10 days served as controls. All infections were cured. Three
      patients in each group had reinfections during the 6 months of follow-up. In each
      group, one of the reinfections occurred within 2 weeks after the end of the
      treatment. One patient developed a rash from sulphisoxazole and so required drug
      change. No other adverse effects were observed. We conclude that trimethoprim is
      as effective as sulphisoxazole in the treatment of simple acute urinary tract
      infections of children and recommend it, in the dosage used, as an alternative
      first-choice drug, especially for patients who have had side effects from
      sulphonamides or nitrofurantoin.

PMID- 3410588
TI  - Drug prescribing patterns: a study of four institutions in Sri Lanka.
AB  - Drug prescribing patterns were studied retrospectively in 600 patients admitted
      to the medical wards of three Government hospitals and one private nursing home
      in the Kandy area of Sri Lanka. The mean drug exposure in the governmental
      institutions varied between 3.6 and 3.7, whereas at the private institution,
      patients were exposed to an average of 7.2 drugs. The three Government
      institutions used 87, 91 and 107 drugs. The private institution 201. There was no
      difference in drug exposure in relation to sex, but a tendency towards increased
      drug exposure was noted with increasing age and longer duration of stay.
      Antimicrobial agents were the most frequently prescribed class of drugs and
      diazepam the most prescribed single drug. The reasons for the extensive use of
      diazepam observed in this study are not clear.

PMID- 3410589
TI  - Halogenated vapor anesthetics adversely influence edrophonium reversal.
AB  - Reversal of the pancuronium induced neuromuscular block by edrophonium was
      studied in different groups of male surgical patients. All groups received
      similar premedication and identical induction of anesthesia. Neuromuscular
      function was monitored by the transduced response of the thumb adductor muscle to
      different [e.g. 0.2, 2 and 50 counts per second (cps)] supramaximal electrical
      stimuli applied to the ulnar nerve. When the regimen of anesthesia maintenance
      included halogenated vapor anesthetics the reversal of neuromuscular block was of
      lesser degree than in the case of N2O/O2 + fentanyl anesthesia. The reversal of
      the "fade-type" (e.g. tetanic and "train of four") responses was particularly
      incomplete with halothane and isoflurane. Compared with edrophonium,
      pyridostigmine was found to be more effective under halothane anesthesia. Based
      on these results, edrophonium may not be the first choice in the clinical
      reversal of deep levels of nondepolarizing neuromuscular block in the presence of
      vapor anesthetics.

PMID- 3410590
TI  - Uric acid renal handling: spontaneous changes and influence of a thiazide alone
      or associated with triamterene.
AB  - The spontaneous changes in renal handling of uric acid, the consequences of
      methyclothiazide (M) and of a combination of M with three doses of triamterene
      (25, 50, 75 mg) were assessed in eight normal men, in a ten-week placebo
      controlled, double-blind study. In untreated subjects, significant correlations
      were found between blood uric acid (bUA) and UAV, between bUA and FeUA, between
      FeUA and plasma renin activity (PRA) and between bUA and PRA. Spontaneous
      variations in bUA and UAV were shown to be predominantly dependent on changes in
      sodium status. All diuretics significantly increased bUA and decreased FeUA.
      Under diuretics, bUA kept correlations with FeUA and PRA similar to that observed
      in untreated subjects indicating that the changes were dependent only on
      variations in renal transport induced by changes in sodium status. Addition of
      triamterene to methyclothiazide significantly lessened the thiazide induced
      abnormalities in UA.

PMID- 3410591
TI  - The absorption of acetylsalicylic acid from an enteric-coated formulation and the
      inhibition of thromboxane formation.
AB  - To compare conventional (CT) and enteric-coated (ECT) tablets of acetylsalicylic
      acid (ASA) six healthy adult subjects ingested one 0.5-g tablet of these
      formulations daily for fifteen days in a cross-over study. Significant amount of
      ASA was detected in peripheral blood of every subject after the ingestion of CT
      or ECT. The rate of absorption of ASA was faster and its peak plasma
      concentration was higher after the ingestion of CT. The formation of thromboxane
      B2 (TXB2) decreased during blood clotting concomitantly with the absorption of
      ASA from both formulations. The formation of TXB2 was equally and completely
      inhibited by CT and ECT as it decreased to 1% of the control value one day after
      the first dose. During treatment with a single daily dose of 0.5 g of CT or ECT,
      the serum level of TXB2 remained at this low level and returned to the control
      level gradually in two weeks after the last dose. The present study indicates
      that significant amount of unchanged ASA is absorbed also from ECT and that the
      formation of TXB2 is equally and completely inhibited with a 0.5-g daily dose of
      both formulations.

PMID- 3410592
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of ibopamine in patients with renal impairment.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of a single oral dose of ibopamine 100 mg were studied in 15
      patients with various degrees of chronic renal impairment (CRI) and in 8 subjects
      with normal renal function and of comparable age, taken as a control group.
      Plasma total (mainly conjugated) and free epinine and urinary metabolites (total
      epinine, HVA and DOPAC) were measured. Both total and free epinine were
      detectable at the earliest sampling time (15 min) in CRI patients and in normal
      subjects, thus confirming the promptness of ibopamine absorption. Free epinine
      pharmacokinetic parameters did not show any appreciable differences among the
      groups with different degrees of renal impairment, and no statistically
      significant differences were observed between normal subjects and CRI patients.
      Progressive renal impairment was associated with higher Cmax, longer t1/2 and
      larger AUC infinity of total epinine, and with reduced urinary elimination of
      total epinine and metabolites. Statistically significant differences (p less than
      0.01) in Cmax/70 kg, t1/2, and AUC infinity/70 kg of total epinine were found
      between normal subjects and patients with mild renal impairment. No statistically
      significant differences were observed in 24-h urinary recoveries of both total
      epinine and metabolites between normal subjects and patients with mild renal
      impairment. No adverse effects were experienced during the course of the study.
      As the kinetics of ibopamine's active moiety, free epinine, were not apparently
      altered by chronic renal failure, adjustment of its dosage should not be
      necessary in renal diseases.

PMID- 3410593
TI  - A scoring system for selection of essential drugs.
AB  - A scoring system is presented for selection of essential drugs, using criteria of
      efficacy, safety, cost of a course of therapy, compliance, multiple usage and
      storage, ease of administration and local availability. Such a system allows for
      different weighting of factors whose relative importance varies from country to
      country and would help in choosing the most appropriate and cost-effective drugs
      for use in developing countries. The importance of such factors as cost and
      compliance has been illustrated with suitable examples. This approach could also
      be used for individual patient decisions with the aid of a computer program.

PMID- 3410594
TI  - Lack of influence of sulglycotide on naproxen bioavailability in healthy
      volunteers.
AB  - We explored the bioavailability and kinetics of naproxen (N) in 12 healthy
      volunteers treated orally with single doses of 500 mg and retreated after a
      washout period with the same dose of N plus sulglycotide (S) 200 mg. Naproxen
      blood levels were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in
      samples collected at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h of dosing with N or with N +
      S. No statistically significant difference in terms of naproxen blood levels
      emerged as the product was administered alone or concurrently with sulglycotide.
      Peak plasma concentrations and AUC values were 71 +/- 3.16 micrograms/ml and 685
      +/- 27 micrograms/ml/h, respectively for N alone, and 72.5 +/- 2.85 micrograms/ml
      and 651 +/- 28 micrograms/ml/h, respectively for N + S. The difference was not
      significant. Similarly, the kinetic behavior of naproxen was not modified by the
      simultaneous presence of sulglycotide, as shown by the t1/2 beta-values obtained
      with N alone (8.39 +/- 0.31 h) and with N + S (7.93 +/- 0.30 h), and likewise by
      the distribution volumes at equilibrium (7.63 +/- 0.42 and 7.9 +/- 0.38,
      respectively), Cmax (63.3 +/- 2.86 and 60.4 +/- 2.9 micrograms/ml, respectively)
      and tmax (0.95 +/- 0.06 and 1.10 +/- 0.10 h, respectively). From these findings
      it seems legitimate to claim that sulglycotide can be administered concurrently
      with naproxen to prevent possible gastric injury by the anti-inflammatory agent
      thanks to its wellknown antiulcer and cytoprotective activity on the gastric
      mucosa, without any undue interference with the absorption (hence effectiveness)
      of naproxen.

PMID- 3410595
TI  - Influence of treatment by betaxolol on the renal response to postural changes in
      moderate hypertension.
AB  - Assumption of upright posture is known to be associated with significant
      variations in renal function, which are thought to be mediated through the
      stimulation of the renin angiotensin system. The effect of an eight-week
      treatment with betaxolol, a selective beta-blocker, was studied in patients with
      moderate hypertension and normal renal function. Betaxolol induced the expected
      changes in systemic hemodynamics and reduced supine plasma renin activity and
      aldosteronemia. The glomerular filtration rate showed no variation but the
      tubular reabsorption of sodium increased. The renal adaptation to postural
      changes (decrease in glomerular filtration rate, increase in sodium reabsorption
      and in plasma renin activity) was unaffected by treatment. It is concluded that
      betaxolol does not impair the renal response to a physiological stimulus such as
      change in posture.

PMID- 3410596
TI  - Changes in plasma activities of lipolytic enzymes and lipids of normolipidemic
      subjects given phenobarbital, a strong microsomal inducer, alone or in
      combination with fenofibrate.
AB  - Eight male, normolipidemic, non-obese subjects were given fenofibrate (F) (300 mg
      daily) for eight days (period F). After a wash-out period of four weeks,
      phenobarbital (P) (100 mg daily) was given for eight days (period P). At the end
      of this period, P was continued at the same dosage but F (300 mg daily) was added
      and both drugs were given simultaneously for a further eight-day period (period P
      + F). The plasma concentrations of lipids and the plasma activities of enzymes
      involved in the interconversion of plasma lipoproteins: lipoprotein lipase (LPL),
      hepatic lipase (HL) and lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) were
      measured before and at the end of each period of treatment. Fenofibrate induced a
      decrease in the plasma concentration of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol
      (TC), apoB and an increase in the plasma activities of LPL and LCAT.
      Phenobarbital induced a decrease in the plasma concentration of TC, HDL-C and LDL
      C (with an unchanged HDL-C/LDL-C ratio) and in the plasma activity of LPL.
      Addition of P to F did not modify the hypolipidemic action of F but the increase
      of LPL activity during period P + F was found to be greater than that observed
      during period F. It is concluded that P does not modify the serum lipoprotein
      pattern in a way which can be considered as beneficial in terms of
      atherosclerosis. By measuring the serum concentration of unconjugated bilirubin,
      the plasma clearance of antipyrine and the urinary excretion of 6 beta
      hydroxycortisol as parameters of hepatic microsomal induction, F appeared to be a
      slight inducer as compared with P. Thus, enzyme induction cannot explain the
      changes in serum lipoproteins induced by P and does not modify the hypolipidemic
      action of F.

PMID- 3410597
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of high-dosage naproxen in elderly patients.
AB  - After multiple oral doses of 500 mg naproxen twice daily, eight young healthy
      male volunteers and six male and female elderly patients participated in a
      pharmacokinetic study. Serum naproxen levels were measured by high-pressure
      liquid chromatography; protein-unbound drug was determined after equilibrium
      dialysis. A significantly lower maximal serum concentration (Cpeak), smaller area
      under the curve during one dose interval [AUC(0-12)], larger total body clearance
      (CL/F) and apparent volume of distribution (V/F body wt-1) were found for the
      total drug in elderly patients. The pharmacokinetics of the protein-unbound drug
      showed higher trough and peak concentrations, larger AUC(0-12)u, and smaller
      (CL/F)u and (V/F)u in the elderly patients. The unbound fraction (less than 1% of
      total naproxen) showed concentration dependency; in the elderly, a larger unbound
      fraction was found. Pharmacokinetic differences between the elderly and the young
      may be explained by a lower serum albumin concentration in the aged, together
      with a decrement in binding affinity of naproxen to albumin; moreover, the
      clearance of unbound drug was significantly reduced in the elderly (281 +/- 96
      l/h) as compared with the young (713 +/- 164 l/h). We conclude that age-related
      factors increase serum unbound naproxen concentrations. It is, therefore,
      advisable to start treatment with naproxen in the elderly at a low dosage.

PMID- 3410598
TI  - Bioequivalence study of two oral formulations of paracetamol.
AB  - The pharmaceutical preparations of paracetamol Duorol and Termalgin, both
      containing 500 mg of active compound, were studied to test their bioequivalence.
      The results obtained showed that absorption of the drug follows two sequential
      kinetic processes by their corresponding first order rate constants (K1 and K2)
      with values of 0.31, 5.69 and 0.30, 5.71 h-1 for Duorol and Termalgin,
      respectively. Analysis of variance showed that there were no statistically
      significant differences (p greater than 0.5) in the absorption, biotransformation
      and excretion processes between the two preparations assayed. Finally, the use of
      symmetric confidence intervals by the Westlake test, showed that both
      preparations are bioequivalent.

PMID- 3410599
TI  - Aspirin dose, bleeding time, platelet adhesion and aggregation in cerebral
      thrombosis.
AB  - Bleeding time, platelet aggregation and platelet adhesiveness were measured
      before and after each of 11 consecutive therapeutic sequences in 17 patients who
      had recently suffered a cerebro-vascular accident of atheromatous ischemic
      origin. The first 10 sequences were each of 15 days duration and during the first
      8 of these, aspirin was increased with each sequence from 300 mg/2 days to 3
      g/day. During the 10th sequence a placebo was given. The final sequence (11th)
      lasted 3 months and during this time the dose of aspirin was fixed at 1 g/day.
      Significant modification of platelet aggregation was obtained with 300 mg/2 days,
      platelet adhesiveness was significantly modified with 500 mg/2 days while
      significant bleeding time modification required a minimum 500 mg/day. The results
      did not vary significantly with higher doses of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). Only
      the results for the platelet aggregation were individually reproducible. There
      was no statistical correlation between the results of the tests. As far as the 3
      tests are considered, the best efficiency is obtained with the therapeutic range
      of 500 mg to 1 g/day.

PMID- 3410600
TI  - Hemodynamic effect of methylepoxyproscillaridin (P35) in patients with congestive
      myocardiopathy.
AB  - The hemodynamic effect of methylepoxyproscillaridin (3'-methyl-4'-5'-epoxy
      proscillaridin) (P35) was studied according to the Swan Ganz thermodilution
      method in 6 patients with latent cardiac insufficiency. Both at rest and under
      ergometer exercise, the stroke volume and the systolic blood pressures increased
      under P35. Moreover, under physical exercise the heart rate decreased
      significantly, while cardiac output increased. The hemodynamic effect of P35 can
      therefore be regarded as typical of cardiac glycosides.

PMID- 3410601
TI  - Comparative pharmacokinetic analysis of a novel sustained-release dosage form of
      diclofenac sodium in healthy subjects.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of diclofenac sodium from a new
      sustained-release formulation (Effekton-100) and from a standard sustained
      release formulation (Voltaren-Retard) were compared in 11 healthy adult male
      volunteers. After a single oral dose of 100 mg Effekton-100, a mean maximal
      plasma concentration (Cmax) of 497 +/- 120 ng/ml was obtained after 7.4 h (tmax).
      After an identical dose of Voltaren-Retard, a peak plasma concentration of 654 +/
      329 ng/ml was obtained after 6.4 h. Plasma levels of diclofenac were determined
      by a new HPLC assay which was developed as part of this study and makes possible
      monitoring plasma levels of diclofenac for 24 h after a single dose. The mean
      bioavailability of diclofenac from Effekton-100 was 0.97 +/- 0.28 relative to
      that of Voltaren-Retard. As the rate and the extent of absorption of diclofenac
      sodium was not significantly different after the administration of the two
      investigated formulations, it can be concluded that Effekton-100 is bioequivalent
      to Voltaren-Retard.

PMID- 3410602
TI  - Once daily Theo-Dur in morning dippers.
AB  - In a group of 18 patients with a so-called "morning dip", one single dose of
      theophylline was administered at 10:00 p.m. by means of a sustained release
      formulation (Theodur Retard). The dosage of theophylline was adjusted according
      to the complaints of the patients. Plasma theophylline levels were determined at
      10:00 a.m. to prevent theophylline intoxications. The results were objectivated
      by measuring the PEFR twice/day. When the optimal dosage was obtained, a once/day
      administration of Theodur Retard at 10:00 p.m. provided an improved peak flow in
      the early morning, less symptoms at night and a better quality of sleep.

PMID- 3410603
TI  - Single and multiple dose pharmacokinetics of oral ciprofloxacin in elderly
      patients.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of oral ciprofloxacin were evaluated in 20 elderly patients
      with serious respiratory tract or musculoskeletal infections after single and
      multiple dose regimens of 750 mg of drug every 12 h. The single dose phase
      evaluations were performed on day 1 of therapy (n = 20) while the multiple dose
      phase evaluations were performed at the end of therapy (n = 11). Serum and urine
      ciprofloxacin concentrations were determined using high-performance liquid
      chromatography. Peak serum concentration (Cmax), terminal elimination half-life
      (t1/2 beta), apparent total body clearance (CL/f) and apparent volume of
      distribution (Vd/f) were 6.58 +/- 2.88 mg/l, 4.99 +/- 1.79 h, 6.69 +/- 3.73
      ml/kg/min, and 2.87 +/- 1.86 l/kg, respectively, during the single dose phase.
      Only the Vd/f increased significantly during the multiple dose phase (4.40 +/-
      3.32 vs. 2.71 +/- 1.53 l/kg, p = 0.047). Although Cmax increased and CL/f
      decreased markedly after multiple doses (8.83 +/- 2.79 vs. 6.65 +/- 2.28 mg/l, p
      = 0.057 and 5.61 +/- 2.53 vs. 6.53 +/- 3.03 ml/kg/min, p = 0.074, respectively),
      these changes were not statistically significant. The results of this study are
      consistent those previously derived from single dose studies in healthy and
      mildly-ill elderly subjects, but are markedly different from previous
      observations in young adult volunteers. Thus, acute illness does not
      significantly alter the pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin in the elderly
      suggesting that dosage adjustments based on the presence of acute illness do not
      appear warranted.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3410604
TI  - Rectal absorption of propylthiouracil.
AB  - The rectal absorption of propylthiouracil (PTU) was studied and compared to oral
      absorption in normal volunteers. Plasma levels of PTU after administration of
      suppositories of PTU base and PTU diethanolamine were significantly lower
      compared to the oral route. Elevated plasma reverse T3 levels were demonstrated
      after each treatment, however, suggesting a desirable therapeutic effect at this
      dosage level for all preparations.

PMID- 3410605
TI  - A patient with methotrexate lung and granulomatous changes in the liver--or just
      sarcoidosis?
AB  - A 57 year old ex-miner, who had been treated for his psoriasis with methotrexate
      5 mg 3 times a week, taken orally (in total +/- 12 g) developed in the spring
      1985 the symptoms of an allergic pneumonia. In biopsies of lung and liver non
      caseating granulomata were found, compatible with the diagnosis sarcoidosis. The
      question whether one clinical entity is concerned or two superponed diseases,
      remains unanswered.

PMID- 3410606
TI  - The bioavailability of methylepoxyproscillaridin (P35): a new semisynthetic
      cardiac glycoside.
AB  - The pharmacokinetic data of methylepoxyproscillaridin (3'-methyl-4'-5'
      epoxyproscillaridin) (P35) after 1 mg i.v. or oral administration in two
      different galenic preparations (hard and soft gelatin capsules) in randomized
      succession were studied in 9 healthy volunteers, showing a bioavailability of 88
      +/- 10.5% (soft gelatin capsule) and 81 +/- 12% (hard gelatin capsule). The half
      life of P35 was calculated to be 80 +/- 13.3 h.

PMID- 3410607
TI  - Dose-dependent bioavailability of amoxycillin.
AB  - Amoxycillin bioavailability at four different dose levels was studied. Healthy
      volunteers participated in the experiments. They received in separate occasions a
      single 250 mg, 500 mg, 750 mg and 1 g doses of the antibiotic. Amoxycillin was
      assayed in the urine by microbiological method. The mean urinary recovery of
      amoxycillin was 59.6%, 55.9%, 58.5% and 45.8% of the given dose for the 250 mg,
      500 mg, 750 mg and 1 g dose, respectively. Relative amoxycillin bioavailability
      was determined comparing the total amount of antibiotic excreted unchanged at 24
      h of each dose to the 250-mg dose.

PMID- 3410608
TI  - A comparative study of the diuretic, natriuretic, and kaluretic effects of
      furosemide when administered at 07:00 h and at 19:00 h.
AB  - Furosemide (0.5 mg/kg, i.v.) was administered to 31 healthy, day-active adults
      (Group 1) at 07:00 h (study 1) and urine output during the next 2 h was
      collected. Urine volume, urinary sodium, potassium and creatinine were
      determined. After 60 h, furosemide (0.5 mg/kg, i.v.) was administered at 19:00 h
      (study 2) and urine output during the subsequent 2 h (19:00 h to 21:00 h) was
      collected for estimation of urine volume, sodium, potassium and creatinine.
      Twenty-two healthy, day-active adults (Group 2) who constituted the control group
      underwent study 1 and study 2 and received 2 ml of normal saline instead of
      furosemide. There was no significant difference in urinary volume, urinary
      sodium, potassium and creatinine excretion between study 1 and study 2 in the
      control subjects (Group 2). In contrast, administration of furosemide at 07:00 h
      (study 1) resulted in greater diuresis (247.1 +/- 202.07 ml), more marked sodium
      excretion (42.66 +/- 29.06 mmol), increased potassium excretion (5.14 +/- 4.014
      mmol), and greater creatinine excretion (0.415 +/- 0.414 mmol) as compared to
      study 2. In conclusion, the diuretic, natriuretic and kaluretic effects of
      furosemide are greater when administered at 07:00 h than at 19:00 h. Therefore,
      in clinical practice, the time of administration of furosemide can be so chosen
      as to achieve a greater diuresis or to prevent a marked loss of sodium.

PMID- 3410609
TI  - The effect of naloxone on the blood levels of morphine and histamine in morphine
      dependent dogs.
AB  - Naloxone administration to morphine dependent dogs has caused an increase in the
      blood level of morphine, which was transient and statistically significant up to
      1 min following the injection of the drug, although concomitant increase in the
      blood histamine level was not observed. Subsequent injection of naloxone has
      failed to produce an increase in the blood level of morphine. Likewise, injection
      of naloxone to morphine dependent dogs pretreated with compound 48/80, a potent
      mast cell depleter, revealed no increase in the blood level of morphine. This was
      attributed to the fact that, the origin of morphine, released into the blood, was
      the mast cells.

PMID- 3410611
TI  - Plasma concentrations following oral and sublingual administration of lorazepam.
AB  - Lorazepam 2.5 mg was given as premedication either orally or sublingually to 20
      patients undergoing minor gynaecological surgery. Plasma concentrations were
      followed for up to 8 h after administration. The time for the maximal plasma
      concentration (tmax) occurred 40 min after oral administration and 60 min after
      sublingual administration. No significant differences were found between the two
      treatments at any time. The plasma concentration after 8 h was high compared to
      the maximal plasma concentration.

PMID- 3410610
TI  - Imidazole binding to human serum albumin.
AB  - Imidazole is a substance released by the organism when a new salicylate
      derivative, imidazole salicylate is administered. A study was made of the binding
      of imidazole to human serum albumin by an in vitro assay employing an
      ultrafiltration technique. For the concentration range that imidazole was found
      in plasma following administration of the drug to healthy volunteers, the mean
      binding percentages were: 12.1 +/- 1.8 and 19.7 +/- 3.1 at 37 degrees C and 25
      degrees C, respectively. The results obtained in the study follow a model
      entailing three equal and independent binding sites of imidazole to serum albumin
      and the values of the corresponding constants were determined. Apparently, the
      presence in the plasma samples of sodium salicylate at a concentration of 100
      micrograms/ml does not affect the binding of imidazole to human serum albumin.

PMID- 3410612
TI  - The treatment of acromio-clavicular dislocation by transfer of the short head of
      biceps.
AB  - A follow-up of 78 patients with acromio-clavicular dislocation who have been
      operated on since 1956 is reported. The tendon of the short head of the biceps is
      transferred to the clavicle to obtain, and maintain, reduction. The site of
      transfer in the last 51 cases has been to a point on the clavicle immediately
      above the coracoid process. The acromio-clavicular joint is only opened when an
      obstruction to reduction is present. The functional results in this group of
      patients are very good.

PMID- 3410614
TI  - Partial resection of distal humerus and reconstruction using autogenous iliac
      bone graft.
AB  - Seven patients with eccentrically placed tumours of the distal end of the humerus
      treated with partial resection and autogenous iliac bone grafting are reported.
      The functional results are discussed.

PMID- 3410613
TI  - Preoperative diagnosis of soft tissue tumours.
AB  - Over a period of 3 years in Southern Sweden 35 patients were seen with deep
      seated limb sarcomas without metastases, 30 of whom were referred before any
      operation had been carried out. Thirty seven patients with deep-seated benign
      lesions were referred during the same period because of suspected malignancy. A
      preoperative diagnosis considered sufficient for a definitive operation was made
      from the clinical findings, aspiration cytology and radiographic examination, but
      without open biopsy, in 59 of these 67 cases. The differentiation between a
      benign and a malignant tumour was correct in all but one. The extent of excision
      necessary to achieve adequate margins for a soft-tissue sarcoma can often be
      reduced if open biopsy is avoided, with preservation of function. We conclude
      that treatment without open biopsy is possible in the great majority of patients
      with soft-tissue sarcoma.

PMID- 3410615
TI  - [Flexion of the knee in poliomyelitis. Results and indications for femoral and
      tibial osteotomies].
AB  - Of 62 patients with a fixed flexion deformity of the knee due to poliomyelitis,
      36 were treated by femoral osteotomy and 26 by tibial osteotomy. Their ages
      ranged between 10 and 30 years, with an average of 16. In 37 of the patients
      other procedures were also performed. The aim of operation was to enable walking
      in 6 patients, to allow walking without, or with smaller, calipers in 21, and to
      allow walking without additional help in 35. These objectives were usually
      achieved; failure was due to technical error or to lack of appreciation of
      residual muscle power. The operation is indicated for flexion deformities of less
      than 30 degrees, and as an adjunct to other procedures. The level of osteotomy is
      decided from lateral radiographs taken before operation.

PMID- 3410617
TI  - Degenerative spondylolisthesis with unilateral spondylolysis. A case report.
AB  - Degenerative spondylolisthesis has a different aetiology to that of
      spondylolisthesis due to bilateral spondylolysis. To our knowledge, a combination
      of degenerative spondylolisthesis with unilateral spondylolysis has not been
      described. We report such a case and focus attention on the different mechanisms
      of spondylolisthesis. The clinical and radiological features of both conditions
      are clearly illustrated and discussed.

PMID- 3410616
TI  - Multifocal osteoarticular tuberculosis.
AB  - Multifocal osteoarticular tuberculosis is uncommonly reported despite its
      incidence of 7 to 10% in the Indian population. We describe the clinical features
      and management of 48 patients seen in the last nine years.

PMID- 3410618
TI  - The Debrunner-Cech valgus osteotomy in osteoporotic four-part intertrochanteric
      fractures.
AB  - The main problems encountered in the management of comminuted four-part
      intertrochanteric fractures in the elderly are instability, severe osteoporosis
      and the need for early mobilization. Thirty-one patients, average age 75 years,
      with such fractures were operated on using a sliding blade-plate and the
      Debrunner-Cech valgus osteotomy. The follow-up was from 1-5 years with an average
      of 3.2 years. All patients were got out of bed on the first postoperative day and
      walked with help on the second day. The fractures united in 29 patients. The one
      exception occurred when the blade cut out of the neck; the operation was repeated
      with a good result. Two further patients died in the postoperative period. We
      conclude that this method is the best treatment for osteoporotic four-part
      intertrochanteric fractures.

PMID- 3410619
TI  - Late results of Chiari's pelvic osteotomy. A follow-up of 171 adult hips.
AB  - Between 1971 and 1985, 461 adult patients were treated by Chiari's pelvic
      osteotomy with medial displacement. Of these, 161 patients (171 hips) were
      followed up for an average of 9 years. The average age at operation was 29 years.
      We describe five groups of painful dysplastic hips in which the operation is
      indicated. Clinical evaluation by Colton's rating system gave 84% of excellent,
      good or fair results. Radiographs showed that the secondary osteoarthritic
      changes were arrested in 73%, improved in 11% and that there was deterioration in
      16%. Pain was largely or completely relieved in 87%, the range of movement was
      maintained in 80% and the gait improved in 77% of our cases. The late results
      were better in younger patients. We conclude that improved biomechanical
      conditions are responsible for good congruency of the joint which is preserved
      for a long time.

PMID- 3410620
TI  - [Role of intrafocal pinning in the treatment of wrist fractures].
AB  - We have treated 350 displaced Colles fractures by percutaneous fixation with K
      wires arranged in a 'basket' formation, as described by Kapandji. This technique
      enables satisfactory stabilisation of the fragments and early mobilisation and
      rehabilitation, usually without the use of a plaster cast or brace. We describe
      our indications for use of the method, the technique followed and analyse our
      results.

PMID- 3410621
TI  - Scintigraphy with Tc, Ga and In in painful total hip prostheses.
AB  - A series of 40 patients were studied, who were operated upon for a painful total
      hip prosthesis, half of which were infected. In each case, preoperative
      scintigraphy was performed using Tc99, Ga67 and In111. The images obtained with
      Tc and Ga were compared with those of In111 and analysed with respect to
      sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and the predictive value of a positive or
      negative test. In111 had a predictive value of more than 90% and showed greater
      reliability in the diagnosis of an infection as the cause of a painful total hip
      prosthesis.

PMID- 3410622
TI  - The role of the coracoacromial ligament in the impingement syndrome. A clinical,
      radiological and histological study.
AB  - Seventeen patients with a painful arc syndrome and tenderness over the
      coracoacromial ligament were selected to demonstrate the changes in the
      coracoacromial ligament in the impingement syndrome. Plain X-ray examination was
      normal and a preoperative subacromial bursogram demonstrated impingement in only
      three out of 17 patients. However, at operation the subacromial space under the
      coracoacromial ligament, which normally admits the tip of the little finger,
      appeared unusually tight and barely accessible in 15 out of 17 patients.
      Histological examination of the biopsied ligament showed degenerative changes but
      no increase in fibrous tissue. We conclude that in the absence of bony overgrowth
      the initial change is an increased volume of the soft tissues in the subacromial
      space. Consequently, the space is compromised by the swelling of its contents,
      which exert abnormal pressure on the overlying coracoacromial ligament and cause
      degenerative changes in the ligament. The symptoms of impingement appear because
      of the unyielding nature of the coracoacromial ligament. Subacromial bursography
      may not be a reliable test when the coracoacromial ligament is the site of
      impingement.

PMID- 3410623
TI  - Femininity control at the XXth Universiade in Kobe, Japan.
AB  - In 1985, we were in charge of the femininity control tests for the participants
      of the XXth Universiade in Kobe. At that time, we chose as screening tests
      checking both X chromatin from buccal mucous membrane and Y chromatin from hair
      roots. The number of female competitors who attended the Universiade, except
      tennis, gymnastics, and fencing, was 631. Among them, 108 had already had the
      certificate of femininity so we examined 523 female competitors. All but three of
      them were normal for femininity, i.e., X chromatin positive and Y chromatin
      negative. Two of the three exceptions were Y chromatin positive and X chromatin
      negative. Chromosomal analyses from their peripheral lymphocytes showed a pattern
      concordant with a 46,XY karyotype. The other was both X and Y chromatin positive,
      but we could find Y chromatin on only one slide out of three. Since this person
      refused to have a blood sample taken, we can only suppose her karyotype as being
      46,XX/46,XY or 46,XX/47,XXY. This last case would not have been found, if we had
      checked only the X chromatin. From our experience, we conclude that for
      femininity control, it is safer to screen the Y chromatin. We would strongly
      advise the use of both X and Y chromatin tests for femininity control.

PMID- 3410624
TI  - Normalization of the blood lactate profile in athletes.
AB  - The power output-blood lactate or velocity-blood lactate relationship, the
      lactate "profile", is a widely used method for the evaluation of athletes. Recent
      observations have suggested a shift in the blood lactate profile when athletes
      are fatigued, as at training camps. This study was designed to determine whether
      the blood lactate profile could be corrected for progressive muscle glycogen
      depletion by normalizing for the peak exercise blood lactate concentration. Ten
      well-trained subjects performed incremental cycle ergometer exercise followed by
      supramaximal exercise (Wingate test) following 3 days of usual and 3 days of
      heavier than usual training. Following heavier than usual training, blood lactate
      accumulation was reduced during submaximal exercise such that the power output
      associated with a lactate concentration of 4 mM was significantly increased (3.08
      vs 3.51 W/kg). The maximal blood lactate concentration was also reduced (14.8 vs
      12.7 mM) although average supramaximal power output was unchanged (9.03 vs 8.92
      W/kg). When the submaximal blood lactate concentrations were normalized for the
      maximal blood lactate concentration, there were no significant differences in the
      power output associated with 20% (2.6 vs 2.7 W/kg), 25% (3.1 vs 3.2 W/kg), or 30%
      (3.3 vs 3.5 W/kg) of maximal lactate. The results suggest that normalization
      based on peak exercise blood lactate may be a useful strategy for circumventing
      one of the primary practical barriers to the use of the blood lactate profile in
      athletes.

PMID- 3410625
TI  - Submaximal aerobic running economy and treadmill performance in prepubertal boys.
AB  - Although the determinants of running economy and its relationship to endurance
      performance have been evaluated in adults, little data are available in pediatric
      subjects. Twenty-eight prepubertal boys with diverse athletic abilities underwent
      progressive maximal treadmill testing. Running economy was defined as (1) VO2 at
      9.6 kph and (2) VO2 expenditure for increasing running speed 1.6 kph (delta VO2).
      Treadmill running times ranged from 12.6 to 23.0 min. Mean VO2 at 6 mph was 48.7
      m.kg-1.min-1 (SD 4.3) and delta VO2 averaged 6.8 m.kg-1.min-1 (SD 1.7). VO2max
      correlated closely to treadmill time. Treadmill endurance times were
      significantly related to running economy by both definitions; submaximal VO2
      levels did not, however, correlate with maximal aerobic power. Delta VO2 was
      associated with stride frequency, but no other relationships were observed
      between economy and height, age, respiratory exchange ratio, ventilatory
      equivalent for oxygen, stride length: leg length ratio, or body surface area:
      mass ratio. These findings suggest that among older prepubertal boys, greater
      running economy is associated with superior treadmill endurance performance and
      that stride frequency may influence submaximal VO2 expenditure in children.

PMID- 3410626
TI  - Characteristics and performance of male citizen cross-country ski racers.
AB  - Forty-three male citizen or recreational cross-country (X-C) ski racers (aged 31
      +/- 4.4 years) were tested to determine their weight (BW) and percent body fat
      (BF), maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), quadriceps (Quad), hamstrings (Ham) and
      upper body (UBS) isokinetic strength (60 degrees, 180 degrees, 240 degrees/s),
      and Quad endurance. In addition, skiers filled out a questionnaire to determine
      their skiing experience and to see what other activities they participated in.
      All these variables were run through a stepwise regression procedure to see which
      characteristics best predicted performance in a 10 km X-C ski race. The
      relatively high VO2max of 56.6 ml O2/kg/min and low BF of 10.1% indicate this
      group to be a very fit subset of the general population. All the skiers were
      active in other sports on a year-round basis. Of the variables studied, UBS,
      VO2max, and Quad strength were all significant determinants of 10 km race
      performance, yielding a multiple R of 0.78. Quad endurance, Ham strength, BW, BF,
      and experience did not significantly contribute toward the prediction of
      performance. It is felt that a proper training program for the citizen X-C skier
      should strive to maximize upper body strength as well as one's aerobic capacity.

PMID- 3410627
TI  - Limitations to aerobic performance in mammals: interaction of structure and
      demand.
AB  - In this paper we have explored the linked series of structures that collectively
      comprise the respiratory system. In examining each of these structural resistors,
      some seem to be primarily fixed, for example, the trachea, while others must be
      primarily variable or adaptable, for example, the cardiovascular system. Those
      structures that are truly variable will not be maintained with structural
      capacity in excess of their functional demand. As a consequence, these structures
      are the ones that may most often appear to be limiting O2 uptake. However, we
      question under which in vivo circumstances the most plastic steps in the cascade
      of resistances will impart the single-step limitation to O2 uptake. When reviewed
      in this context, available experimental evidence suggests that among the most
      athletic animals (those with the greatest weight-specific VO2), the respiratory
      resistors are likely tuned rather than dominated by a single-step limitation.
      Skeletal muscle must set the demand for O2 in exercising animals; hence, the
      relationship between total skeletal muscle mitochondria and maximum O2
      consumption is quantitatively consistent, spanning broad differences in body size
      and aerobic capacity. Those respiratory structures that are primarily
      nonadaptable must be built with enough "excess structure" to accommodate
      potential adaptation in an animal's aerobic capacity during its lifetime.
      Consequently, the least aerobic animals will always appear to experience a
      limitation to VO2max in one of the most plastic or adaptable structures. We
      suggest that the adaptable structures upstream to the muscle mitochondria are
      built and maintained at a cost-benefit maximum ("structural efficiency") in all
      species. This differs from the concept of optimal structural design or
      symmorphosis.

PMID- 3410628
TI  - Endurance exercise alters the morphology of fast- and slow-twitch rat
      neuromuscular junctions.
AB  - The present investigation studied the effects of an endurance exercise program on
      the morphology of nerve terminals of phasic extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and
      tonic soleus (SOL) muscles from young mature female Sprague-Dawley rats. The
      animals were treadmill exercised for 30 consecutive days for 1 h/day at
      velocities up to 30 m/min. The area, perimeter, nerve longitudinal extent length,
      and fiber diameter of camera lucida drawings of zinc iodide osmium-stained nerve
      terminals were analyzed with a computerized morphometry system. Additionally, the
      number of nerve terminal branches and percentage of end-plates with sprouts were
      determined. Nerve terminals from exercised EDL and SOL had significantly greater
      areas than those from corresponding controls, with no changes in the perimeters.
      The magnitude of the changes were greater in the EDL. The exercised EDL nerve
      terminals were also significantly longer than controls and had more branches and
      sprouts. No training differences in fiber diameter were observed for either
      muscle. These data confirm previous suggestions that physical activity or
      exercise levels affect the morphology of the neuromuscular junction.

PMID- 3410629
TI  - Use of glycolytic energy sources by human skeletal muscle under anoxic conditions
      in vitro and during moderate exercise in vivo.
AB  - To test a new in vitro model for investigations of muscle metabolism, the most
      important metabolites of muscle anaerobic metabolism (ATP, creatine phosphate,
      glucose, glycogen, and lactate) were measured in muscle biopsies from healthy
      male subjects, endurance-trained cyclists, strength-trained weight lifters,
      intensively trained long-distance runners, and speed-trained sprinters. The
      samples were taken at rest and after moderate muscle exercise for 30 s. These
      samples were analysed as such or after in vitro incubation for 30 s, 60 s, and 5
      min under anoxic conditions. Anoxic conditions were created by incubating the
      muscle specimens in mineral oil through which N2 was bubbled. Under anoxic
      conditions in vitro, the concentrations of glycogen fell significantly in muscle
      specimens from sprinters and long-distance runners. The same tendency was
      observed in all other groups. The concentrations of high-energy phosphates. ATP
      and creatine phosphate, did not deplete under anoxic conditions. Under anoxic
      conditions, the rate of energy use, i.e., the metabolic rate calculated from the
      changes in the energy sources in terms of high-energy phosphate (P) use, was
      highest during the first 30 s, and declined to zero after 60 s. In the endurance
      trained cyclists the metabolic rate was significantly lower than in any other
      group. In conclusion, muscle tissue behaves in quite a different way under anoxic
      conditions in vitro as compared with its behavior during exercise in vivo, and so
      the in vitro model is not suitable to compensate for studies of muscle metabolism
      in vivo. The in vitro model is of value, however, in, for example, determining
      the maximal metabolic rate of muscle.

PMID- 3410630
TI  - Responses of serum androgenic-anabolic and catabolic hormones to prolonged
      strength training.
AB  - Endocrine and neuromuscular effects of prolonged strength training were
      investigated in 21 strength-trained male subjects during the course of a 24-week
      progressive strength training and during a subsequent detraining period of 12
      weeks. Maximal isometric leg extensor force increased by 19% (P less than 0.001)
      during the first 20 weeks, followed by a plateau during the 4 latest weeks of
      training. During the course of the training period, no systematic change was
      found in serum testosterone concentrations, but there was a decreasing tendency
      in the concentrations of free testosterone (NS), 17-OH-progesterone (NS),
      androstenedione (P less than 0.05), dehydroepiandrosterone (P less than 0.05),
      cortisol (P less than 0.01), transcortin (CBG) (P less than 0.05), and in the
      cortisol/CBG ratio (P less than 0.05). The last 4 weeks of training were
      characterized by significant correlations between the individual changes in
      maximal isometric force and the changes in serum free testosterone concentrations
      (r = 0.60, P less than 0.01). The changes in the ratios of free testosterone to
      cortisol (r = 0.73, P less than 0.001), total testosterone to cortisol (r = 0.83,
      P less than 0.001), and 17-OH-progresterone to cortisol (r = 0.62, P less than
      0.01) also correlated with the changes in maximal force. The findings suggest
      that the turnover of endogenous androgens may increase during progressively
      intensified training without a change in serum total testosterone concentration.
      Prolonged intensive strength training may also lead to changes in the
      concentrations of serum cortisol and transcortin. During the most stressful
      phases of training, the changes in serum androgen/cortisol ratios seem to be
      highly individual and may correlate with changes in muscular strength.

PMID- 3410631
TI  - Energetics of indoor track cycling in trained competitors.
AB  - Steady-state track VO2 was estimated by means of the retroextrapolation method in
      seventeen competitive male cyclists at speeds ranging from 28 to 43 km.h-1. Peak
      VO2 was also determined using an ergocycle multistage test (80 rev.min-1).
      Results showed large VO2 variations at similar speeds on the track (SEE greater
      than 10% Y; n = 17). Third degree regressions were the most accurate to describe
      the evolution of VO2 with speed, while the units ml.kg-0.667.min-1 showed better
      correlations and lower dispersions than 1.min-1, ml.kg-1.min-1, and 1.min-1.m-2.
      When categorized according to the Quebec Cycling Federation ranking, (elites: n =
      6; nonelites: n = 11), the elites tended to demonstrate to a lower mean VO2 for
      the range of velocities studied. The difference was, however, not statistically
      significant (P greater than 0.05). Interindividual variations were reduced by
      expressing VO2 and speed as relative percentages of maximal values in ten
      subjects: % MAP = 6.475 e exp [0.0274% MAS] where % MAP = track VO2/laboratory
      peak VO2, and % MAS = speed/speed associated with peak VO2 on the track. No
      significant difference was observed between track and ergocycle peak VO2 (P
      greater than 0.05), indicating the validity of the 80 rev.min-1 protocol for
      laboratory evaluation of racing cyclists. The concept of cycling economy as a
      contributing factor to performance and applications of the % MAP-% MAS
      relationship are discussed.

PMID- 3410632
TI  - Energy metabolism during exercise at different time intervals following a meal.
AB  - The objective of this study was to compare caloric expenditure and substrate
      utilization during exercise begun at different time intervals following a
      standard test meal or in the fasted state. Eight physically fit women (aged 21-27
      years) participated in four separate exercise trials. In three trials, the
      subjects consumed a 940-kcal meal following an overnight fast and began
      exercising either 30, 60, or 90 min after the meal. In the other trial, the
      subjects did not consume any breakfast prior to exercising. Energy expenditure
      and substrate utilization were determined by indirect calorimetry during the last
      23 min of a 30-min run on a treadmill at an average work load of 62% VO2max.
      There were no significant differences among trials when comparing the total
      caloric expenditures (range: 215-219 kcal). However, the subjects oxidized
      significantly more fat (94.3 kcal) when they exercised on an empty stomach than
      when they exercised 60 or 90 min after the meal (71.6 and 68.8 kcal,
      respectively) (P less than 0.05). It was concluded that consumption of a meal
      prior to exercise does not increase the energy cost of the activity for
      physically fit women, but it does disrupt the pattern of substrate utilization,
      reducing the contribution of fat as an energy source.

PMID- 3410633
TI  - Use of N,O-bis-Fmoc-D-Tyr-ONSu for introduction of an oxidative iodination site
      into cholecystokinin family peptides.
AB  - We report the synthesis of a new reagent for the introduction of an oxidative
      iodination site into the amino terminus of acid-labile peptides, and the use of
      this reagent to synthesize a novel affinity-labeling probe for the
      cholecystokinin (CCK) receptor. The acylation reagent, N,O-bis
      fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl-D-tyrosine hydroxysuccinimide ester, utilizes base
      labile protection of both the alpha amino group and the aromatic ring hydroxyl.
      This can be safely removed to expose a cross-linkable free amino group on the
      aminopeptidase-resistant D-enantiomer of tyrosine. The synthetic probe, D-Tyr-Gly
      Asp-Tyr(OSO3H)-Nle-Gly-Trp-Nle-Asp-Phe-NH2, was fully biologically active, could
      be radioiodinated to high-specific radioactivity (2000 Ci/mmol), bound with high
      affinity to the pancreatic CCK receptor, and covalently labeled the hormone
      binding site. This reagent should be useful for the synthesis of a wide variety
      of analogues of CCK and other acid-labile peptides.

PMID- 3410634
TI  - Further studies on the resolution of human mercapt- and nonmercaptalbumin and on
      human serum albumin in the elderly by high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - High-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis of human serum albumin
      (HSA) on Asahipak GS-520 showed at least two peaks, the principal component
      corresponding to human mercaptalbumin (HMA) and the secondary one to
      nonmercaptalbumin (HNA). HPLC analysis of HSA on Asahipak ES-520 N showed three
      peaks, the principal component corresponding to HMA, the secondary one to HNA
      having mixed disulfide with cysteine or glutathione and the tertiary one to HNA
      oxidized higher than mixed disulfide. Two kinds of rapid HPLC for the resolution
      of HSA into HMA and HNA were developed by the present authors. Using these HPLC,
      the present authors found a significant decrease in the fraction of HMA in the
      elderly.

PMID- 3410635
TI  - [D-Met2,Pro5] enkephalin [N1.5-beta-D-glucopyranosyl] amide: a glycosylpeptide
      with high antinociceptive activity.
AB  - Different synthetic strategies have been attempted for the synthesis of a
      glycosylpeptide resulting from the covalent bonding of a sugar residue to the C
      terminal carboxyl group of an enkephalin related pentapeptide. The final
      structure is: Tyr-D-Met-Gly-Phe-Pro [N1.5-beta-D-glucopyranosyl] amide. The in
      vitro potency on the GPI test of this analogue was IC50 = 64.0 nM. However, its
      antinociceptive activity by tail immersion tests, after intraperitoneal
      administration, was 2000 and 200 times higher than morphine in rats and mice,
      respectively.

PMID- 3410636
TI  - Ovine prolactin and human growth hormone derivatives. Specific modification of
      their alpha-amino groups.
AB  - The alpha-amino group of ovine prolactin (oPRL) and human growth hormone (hGH)
      was selectively modified by transamination with glyoxylic acid. No difference was
      found in the binding capacity of transaminated oPRL to rat liver lactogenic
      receptors with respect to its control, although both samples showed a decrease in
      its binding capacity with reference to the native hormone. This decrease was due
      to conformational changes caused by the reaction conditions and not by the
      transamination itself, as shown by the circular dichroism spectra. Transaminated
      hGH retained the full binding capacity of the hormone. These results suggest that
      the alpha-amino group is not relevant for the binding to lactogenic liver
      receptors in both lactogenic hormones.

PMID- 3410637
TI  - H-n.m.r. studies on the specificity of the interaction between bovine pancreatic
      ribonuclease A and dideoxynucleoside monophosphates.
AB  - The titration curves of the C-2 histidine protons of bovine pancreatic
      ribonuclease A in the presence of several dideoxynucleoside monophosphates
      (dNpdN) were studied by means of proton nuclear magnetic resonance at 270 MHz in
      order to obtain information on the ligand--RNase A interaction. The changes in
      the chemical shift and pKs of the C-2 proton resonances of His-12, -48, -119 in
      the complexes RNase A--dNpdN were smaller than those previously found when the
      enzyme interacted with mononucleotides. The pK2 of His-12 was not affected by the
      interaction of the enzyme with these ligands, whereas, the perturbation of the
      pK2 of His-119 was clearly dependent on the nature of the ligand. If there is a
      pyrimidine nucleoside at the 3' side of the dideoxynucleoside monophosphates, as
      in TpdA and TpT, an enhancement due to the well known interaction of the
      phosphate in p1, the catalytic site, was found. However, when there is a purine
      nucleoside, as in dApT and dApdA, a decrease in the pK2 value was observed and we
      propose that in such cases the phosphate group interacts in a secondary phosphate
      binding site, p2. The results obtained suggest the existence of different
      specific interactions depending on the structure of the dideoxynucleoside
      monophosphate studied.

PMID- 3410638
TI  - XV European Conference on Microcirculation. September 4-9, 1988, Maastricht, The
      Netherlands. Abstracts.

PMID- 3410639
TI  - Effects of daytime noise load on the sleep-wake cycle and endocrine patterns in
      man: I. 24 hours neurophysiological data.
AB  - This study examines the influence of daytime noise load on the spontaneous EEG
      activity during wakefulness and sleep. Twelve healthy male subjects participated
      in two experimental series, each consisting of three consecutive nights and the
      two days in between. EEG, EOG, EMG, ECG and respiration were continuously
      recorded. During one series from 9:00 to 21:00 h the subjects were exposed to 85
      dB(A) industrial noise. Direct effects of the noise exposure were a slight
      blockade of the alpha and theta activity; towards the evening, when self
      estimated tiredness was high, increased alpha and beta power were found (p less
      than .01). Aftereffects on subsequent undisturbed night sleep were a reduction in
      REM sleep (p less than .001), shortened sleep cycles (p less than .01) and an
      increase in slow wave sleep during the 2nd sleep cycle (p less than .05). These
      results are interpreted as signs of strained wakefulness and intensified fatigue,
      as disturbance of sleep processes and as an intensified need for recovery.

PMID- 3410640
TI  - Effects of daytime noise load on the sleep-wake cycle and endocrine patterns in
      man: II. 24 hours secretion of anterior and posterior pituitary hormones and of
      cortisol.
AB  - The present study examines the effects of auditory stress on the plasma levels of
      pituitary hormones and cortisol. Each of twelve healthy male subjects
      participated in two experimental series; during one of them they were exposed to
      85 dB(A) industrial noise from 9:00 to 21:00 h. Blood samples were taken by an
      indwelling venous catheter for 24 h at intervals of 20 min from 8:00 to 8:00 h.
      The plasma levels of ACTH, growth hormone, prolactin, oxytocin, vasopressin and
      cortisol were determined. In all subjects except one noise stress affected the
      profiles of the pituitary hormones but the responses were interindividually
      different. The oxytocin level was significantly elevated (p less than .01), ACTH
      also responded but less clearly, whereas the other hormones reacted only in
      individual cases. During the subsequent night sleep only PRL concentrations were
      elevated above the baseline plateau in several subjects. It was concluded that in
      humans the pituitary responses to noise stress are highly individual.

PMID- 3410641
TI  - Rotational and turning tendencies in humans: an analog of lateral biases in rats?
AB  - Left-and right-handed human males and females were tested in an experimental
      analog of free-field observational studies which had demonstrated rotation
      (turning) biases in both rats and humans. When required to rotate through exactly
      twice 360 degrees clockwise (rightwards) or anticlockwise (leftwards) with
      reduced sensory input, dextrals, especially females, showed a rightwards bias and
      sinistrals a leftwards tendency. When attempting, blindfolded, to walk in a
      straight line, all four groups of subjects deviated to the right, though the
      effect was again slightly, and nonsignificantly, larger for females and dextrals.
      These lateral biases may relate to dopamine asymmetries in the basal gangalia.

PMID- 3410642
TI  - Complex partial status and schizophrenia.
AB  - Three cases of complex partial status which were diagnosed as psychotic episodes
      are presented. The scans of two of these cases show structural abnormalities in
      the left temporal lobe. It is proposed that there are similar neurophysiological
      mechanisms in primary schizophrenia and in the perceptual, affective and
      cognitive phenomena apparent is some complex and psychic partial seizures. The
      hippocampal-amygdaline system plays a central role in both cases.

PMID- 3410643
TI  - Interhemispheric correlation of EEG activity during successful and unsuccessful
      cognitive performance.
AB  - EEG activity of eight male volunteers was monopolarly recorded at P3 and P4
      during an initial baseline and during performance of three series of cognitive
      tasks: one verbal, one spatial and one "mixed" demanding verbal and spatial
      processing. Interhemispheric correlation of the EEG activity was compared among
      tasks and between successful and unsuccessful trials. There was a significant
      main effect for success or failure of cognitive processing with increased
      interhemispheric correlation during unsuccessful trials regardless of their
      nature. There was no main effect for tasks. Interhemispheric correlation proved
      to be sensitive to success or failure in information processing.

PMID- 3410644
TI  - The pattern flash elicited P300-complex (PF-P300): dynamics of its topographic
      scalp distribution in different states of visual attention.
AB  - PF-P300 has been recorded from 13 healthy male subjects (21-35 years) in two
      different conditions of visual attention (transient versus sustained attention)
      at 16 electrode locations (10/20-system) against linked mastoids. The PFP300
      complexes were measured and mapped. Thus, we obtained the following: (1) N250 did
      not show any significant differences between both conditions. (2) PF-P300,
      however, showed significantly different (p less than or equal to .05) maps
      between both conditions, especially bilateral frontal and left occipital with the
      measured PFP300a-amplitudes being higher (p less than or equal to .01) under
      sustained attention. The PFP300a-latencies did not show such differences. (3)
      N400 showed similar (p less than or equal to .001) differences in its mean peak
      distribution, but its latencies were shorter (p less than or equal to .01 resp.
      .0001) at all recording sites (except Fz, Pz) in condition (2). (4) Further
      evaluation of the PFP300-complex under sustained attention by means of increment
      mapping and multichannel potential measurements showed that PFP300 first rises at
      Fz, Pz, then spreads over the left occipital region and culminates bilateral
      frontal and parieto-occipital. Interestingly, the latencies of N250 and PFP300a
      were shorter at O1 (p less than or equal to .01) than at O2. With the help of
      electrical brain mapping it is possible to study the dynamics of both the PFP300
      scalp distribution between two distinct mental states and within one mental
      state.

PMID- 3410645
TI  - Hemispheric asymmetries in phonological processing assessed with probe evoked
      magnetic fields.
AB  - Auditory Evoked Magnetic Fields (EFs) to tonal stimuli were recorded at homotopic
      maxima over the left and right auditory areas in nine subjects. Recordings were
      made during two conditions, both involving simultaneous presentation of the probe
      tone stimuli and a set of tape-recorded verbal material. During the control
      condition subjects were instructed to attend to the tones and ignore the verbal
      material. In the phonological processing condition they were instructed to ignore
      the tones and attempt to identify a phonological target item which was embedded
      in the verbal material. EFs obtained during both conditions were characterized by
      an early N1m and a later P2m component corresponding to the N1 and P2 components
      of auditory evoked potentials (EPs). During the phonological condition, the
      amplitude of the N1m was significantly reduced in both hemispheres symmetrically
      whereas the amplitude of the P2m was attenuated to a significantly greater degree
      in the left hemisphere. These data are in agreement with previous EP evidence of
      greater interference of linguistic processing with processing of irrelevant probe
      stimuli in the left hemisphere, indicative of greater left hemisphere involvement
      in language tasks.

PMID- 3410646
TI  - The importance of conditioning in conditioned immunosuppression.

PMID- 3410647
TI  - Immune response in draining lymph nodes and spleen after intraventricular
      injection of antigen.
AB  - Both Fischer 344 and Sprague Dawley rats showed significant numbers of antibody
      forming cells (PFC) in deep cervical lymph nodes after intraventricular injection
      of antigens, including trinitrophenylated (TNP)-hemocyanin, TNP-B. abortus and
      sheep erythrocytes. This indicated that particular as well as soluble antigens
      drained to these lymph nodes from the spinal fluid. Other lymph nodes examined
      did not show increased PFC over background, but levels of PFC in the spleen were
      significantly elevated after intraventricular injection of each of these
      antigens. Comparison with dose responses in the spleen after intravenous antigen
      injection suggested that approximately 20% of the intraventricularly injected
      immunogens drained to the peripheral blood. The relevance of these findings with
      respect to the brain as an immunologically privileged site is discussed.

PMID- 3410648
TI  - EEG maturation on children with different economic and psychosocial
      characteristics.
AB  - It has been shown that EEG maturation can be described in terms of regression
      equations on age of broad band EEG frequency parameters. In the present paper six
      groups of children with different economic and psychosocial characteristics of
      three countries were studied. Regression equations on age of the EEG relative
      power (expressed in percentages of the total EEG activity) in the delta, theta,
      alpha and beta bands in 8 bipolar derivations were computed in each group of
      children and the slopes compared with those previously published by John et al.
      (1980). Those children who grew up with adequate nutritional, sanitary and
      cultural environmental conditions showed the same slopes as U.S. and Swedish
      children selected with strict criteria of normality. Children nourished in poor
      socioeconomic and sanitary environments and who frequently had pathological
      personal antecedents with risk factors associated with brain damage showed either
      a slow maturation of the EEG characterized by smaller slopes of theta relative
      power or a great variance of EEG parameters and no relation of these parameters
      to age.

PMID- 3410649
TI  - Prenatal caffeine causes long lasting behavioral and neurochemical changes.
AB  - The effects of prenatal exposure to caffeine were studied on later physical
      development, behavior and brain neurochemistry. Daily doses (150, 300 or 450
      mg/L) of caffeine were given to rat dams during the last week of pregnancy.
      Prenatal caffeine exposure resulted in a number of behavioral and neurochemical
      changes in the offspring which were long lasting and dose related. The low dose
      (150 mg/L) of prenatal caffeine caused hyperactivity in an open-field. The high
      dose of caffeine caused learning disabilities in complex visual and auditory
      discrimination learning paradigms while simple motor learning or a spatial
      orientation task were not affected. Both male and female offspring showed some
      behavioral effects of caffeine exposure. The medium and high doses of caffeine
      resulted in weight gain that was observable as early as 35 days of age and
      increased progressively with age. This weight gain was associated with increased
      food intake. The neurochemical studies carried out at 2-3 months of age revealed
      an increase in choline uptake in hippocampus, mainly in the animals treated with
      the lower doses of caffeine and higher protein concentration (microgram/mg wet
      tissue) in the cortex or hippocampus of offspring exposed to the higher doses of
      caffeine. At 15 months of age, choline uptake in the frontal cortex was
      significantly reduced in the animals prenatally exposed to the 300 and 450 mg/L
      dose.

PMID- 3410650
TI  - The distribution of hand preference in normal men and women.
AB  - The distributions of the hand preferences (Geschwind scores) were studied in men
      and women. The incidences of the right-, mixed-, and left-handers were 66.1,
      30.5, and 3.4%, respectively. The left- and right-handers (LHs, RHs) were
      represented by two bars located at the opposite ends of a J-shaped histogram for
      the total sample, men, and women. The distributions for the total RHs, and male
      RHs were not J-shaped, but negatively skewed, the mode being close to the mean.
      The frequencies for the females increased linearly. The distributions for the LHs
      did not significantly deviate from normality. Except for the LHs, the percentage
      distributions of the Geschwind scores were J-shaped. The LHs were evenly
      distributed by chance to be expected in a random sample from a rectangular
      population. The incidence of weak right-handedness was significantly higher in
      men than women. The total RHs were more lateralized than the total LHs who showed
      a tendency toward weak left-handedness. In males, the incidence for weak left
      handedness was significantly higher than that for strong left-handedness. The
      opposite was established for females. The probability of the consistent right
      handedness was significantly higher in women than men. The LHs were less
      lateralized, and more widely dispersed than the RHs. The statistical analysis of
      the distributions indicated that females tended to be more lateralized, i.e.,
      more right-handed, and more left-handed, than males.

PMID- 3410651
TI  - Morphine-induced modification of the functional properties of ventral tegmental
      area neurons in conscious rat.
AB  - To elucidate the functional role of mesolimbocortical dopamine(DA)-containing and
      other mediator-specific neurons in mediation of different pharmacological effects
      of opiates, morphine (6 mg/kg, SC)-induced modification of spontaneous discharges
      of different types VTA-units and their changes during polymodal activating and
      aversive stimulation and spontaneous movement were studied in conscious,
      restrained rats. In presumed DA-containing neurons (D-type) prolonged increase of
      discharge rate, regularization of their pattern and decrease of firing changes
      during all types of external stimulation and spontaneous or stimulus-induced
      movement activity were found. This decrease of unit firing changes was connected
      with significant rising of atypical, compared with control conditions, firing
      inhibitions. Changes of presumed acetylcholine(ACh)-containing neurons (A-B type)
      properties were defined as prolonged and pronounced decrease of firing rate,
      intensification of bursting pattern and decrease of discharge changes during all
      types of stimulation used and animal movements. This decrease of discharge
      changes was associated with significant lowering of activations-typical for these
      units in control conscious animals and rising of firing inhibitions. In presumed
      ACh- or GABA-containing interneurons of C-type a significant decrease of firing
      rate, increase of activations and decrease of firing inhibitions, typical for
      these units in control conscious rats were found. The modifications of different
      VTA-unit functional properties are discussed in view of main pharmacological
      effects of opiates (sedation, analgesia, positive reinforcement, movement
      activation).

PMID- 3410652
TI  - Neuropsychological performance in psychiatric patients with or without documented
      brain dysfunction.
AB  - The current study examined neuropsychological performance of schizophrenic and
      depressed patients with and without structural or EEG signs of brain
      dysfunctioning. The neuropsychological test battery was designed to sample
      intellectual functioning, psychomotor skills, nonverbal memory, and novel problem
      solving ability. Patients were classified into four groups: schizophrenics
      without signs of brain dysfunctioning, schizophrenics with signs of brain
      dysfunctioning, depressed without signs of brain dysfunctioning, and depressed
      with signs of brain dysfunctioning. The Trail Making Test--Parts A & B, the
      difference between these two components of the Trail Making Test, the World
      Fluency Test and a Laterality Index based on the age scale scores of the WAIS
      significantly discriminated between patients with and without brain dysfunction.
      Using these variables and a Linear Discriminant Function Analysis, we found that
      84.5% of our subjects could be correctly classified. Substantially fewer patients
      could be correctly classified with respect to their psychiatric diagnosis (i.e.,
      66.7% correct classification). In fact, only the PIQ from the WAIS-R showed
      significant differences between the depressed and schizophrenic subjects. Poor
      neuropsychological performance was interpreted as showing more than the
      behavioral disorganization associated with psychiatric states and was felt to be
      related to the presence of objective signs of brain dysfunctioning.

PMID- 3410653
TI  - Severe dementia associated with neurocysticercosis.
AB  - A severe case of dementia associated with a parenchymous miliar
      neurocysticercosis in a 15-year-old girl is described. Although there was general
      cerebral involvement, EEG, neurological and neuropsychological examinations
      showed a marked decrease in right hemisphere activity. Treatment with
      Praziquantel reduced the patient's intellectual deterioration, but hydrocephalus
      developed.

PMID- 3410654
TI  - Are BAEP and MLR suited for the study of a hypothetic peripheral selective
      attention effect?
AB  - BAEPs and MLRs for clicks were recorded for situations of selective attention,
      ignoring stimuli and mental arithmetic. Certain studies have shown no attention
      effect on these evoked potentials, but several others have shown reduction of
      latency and increase in amplitude under selective attention. Our study finds no
      significant difference in latency or amplitude for BAEP waves I, III and V, nor
      in Na or Pa latency or NaPa amplitude for MLR. What we know anatomically of
      cochlear innervation, particularly efferent innervation, would seem to show that
      efferent projection is basically onto the outer hair cells which have been little
      if at all explored by BAEPs and MLRs under standard conditions. A study of outer
      hair cell functioning under various attention situations would be needed in order
      to find any peripheral selective attention effect.

PMID- 3410655
TI  - Outcome of family therapy--two year follow-up.
AB  - The authors report the findings of an evaluation exercise to assess the efficacy
      of brief, integrative, inpatient family therapy with a follow-up period of two
      years. The index patients and their families were assessed for improvement in
      symptoms and satisfaction in family life. The assessment was possible for 55% of
      the families, either in person or by post. Nearly 43% of the families reported
      good improvement, 8% reported no improvement at all and the remaining families
      reported varying degrees of improvement. Regularity of follow up visits and
      degree of improvement did not seem to be related. One fifth of the families had
      not reported for any follow up visits, but when assessed after two years reported
      good improvement and satisfaction with the treatment.

PMID- 3410656
TI  - Social adjustment in obsessive compulsive disorder.
AB  - The Social Adjustment Scale-Self Report was administered to 32 subjects with
      Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and age-sex matched controls. The patients had
      global impairment, especially during leisure, which correlated with severity of
      the disorder. The improvement of this impairment with therapy is highlighted. It
      is stressed that social adjustment in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder subjects
      should be considered during their therapy.

PMID- 3410657
TI  - Psychosomatic disorders in psychiatric patients in a developing country.
AB  - This study reports the prevalence of psychosomatic disorders in psychiatric
      patients in India. The psychosomatic disorders studied were hypertension, peptic
      ulcer, bronchial asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, ischaemic heart disease and
      chronic pain. 21.5% of psychiatric patients had psychosomatic illnesses. Fifty
      five cases had two psychosomatic illnesses. Chronic pain (14.4%) and hypertension
      (9.9%) were the commonest. Patients with psychosomatic disorders were
      significantly more often older in age, females, married and from an urban
      habitat. Neurotic illness was the commonest diagnosis in them. Psychosis was
      significantly and inversely associated with psychosomatic disorders. This report
      emphasises the need for as much attention on psychosomatic problems in developing
      countries as in affluent ones.

PMID- 3410658
TI  - Validity of General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-36/GHQ-12) in the psychiatric
      O.P.D. of a general hospital--a pilot study.
AB  - Two shorter versions of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) viz. GHQ-36
      physical illness items removed (GHQ-36-P) and GHQ-12 were validated in the
      psychiatric OPD of a teaching hospital in Calcutta among known patients and
      controls. It was found that a higher cut-off point than that originally
      recommended yielded satisfactory validation indices for both the versions.

PMID- 3410659
TI  - Narcissistic rage in leaders: the intersection of individual dynamics and group
      process.
AB  - Power corrupts in terms of both grandiose inflations and threatened narcissistic
      injuries. This paper deals with the rage states that may ensue in leaders. After
      explaining the individual psychodynamics of self-righteous rages in executives,
      this paper describes inferences about the group processes set in motion by such
      leaders and the reactions of subordinates. Independent thinkers in subordinate
      groups are both especially vulnerable to harm and especially important to
      preventing disasters within the group. The variable action of such persons leads
      to a sequence of possible phases. In bad scenarios the last phase is one
      containing institutional ruin, bloodbaths, or mutinies. Understanding the
      inference of individual and group dynamics on a theme of narcissistic injury may
      help prevent such disasters.

PMID- 3410660
TI  - Culture, personality and psychotherapy.
AB  - Conventional Western-model psychotherapy is based on a number of premises
      regarding its rationale and technique. The increasing experience in psychotherapy
      globally is questioning the universality of these premises, suggesting that these
      could be to a large extent culture-specific, having developed in a particular
      culture at a particular time. Hence, the need to move from a dogmatic approach to
      psychotherapy to a flexible approach taking into account the socio-cultural
      reality. The paper identifies a number of cultural variables involving the
      intrapsychic mechanisms (e.g. cognitive and expressive), social relatedness (e.g.
      autonomy, social distance) and religious-philosophical belief systems (concept of
      sin, and belief in fatalism and after-life/reincarnation) and discusses their
      role in the approach to and process of psychotherapy, illustrating it with the
      situation in the Indian setting.

PMID- 3410661
TI  - Alcohol consumption by patients attending outpatient clinics.
AB  - Three hundred and twenty nine (329) patients aged between 18 and 60 years
      attending the diabetic, hypertension and fracture clinics were studied with
      regard to their alcohol consumption. The findings confirm the general view that a
      considerable number of patients attending the general medical services may be
      considered as problem drinkers, a factor which may contribute to their overall
      medical complaint.

PMID- 3410662
TI  - Use of human neuroblastoma continuous cell lines for in vitro drug sensitivity
      screening.
AB  - We have used three continuous human neuroblastoma cell lines to establish
      patterns of in vitro drug sensitivities, as judged by clonogenic assay. We
      evaluated 12 'standard' antitumor drugs already in clinical usage, and tested
      four newer analogues, one of cisplatin and three of doxorubicin, and the
      investigational agent desferrioxamine. A certain heterogeneity of drug
      sensitivities was noted amongst these three cell lines, but a few general
      conclusions can be drawn. Responses of all lines tested were similar for
      actinomycin D, dibromodulcitol, doxorubicin, 5-fluorouracil, melphalan and VM 26.
      However, line CHP 100 proved hypersensitive to amsacrine, bleomycin, methotrexate
      and vincristine yet refractory to cisplatin, carboplatin and VP-16, compared with
      the other two lines. This emphasizes the necessity for using a panel of cell
      lines for this type of drug screening programme. A comparison of IC50 drug
      concentrations, derived from these in vitro tests, with plasma levels achievable
      clinically, indicate that VP-16, VM 26, doxorubicin and cisplatin appear to be
      the most effective agents in this tumor type. This finding is consistent with
      clinical experience. The newer doxorubicin analogues proved 2-5 fold more
      cytotoxic than doxorubicin itself. However, these differences also appear to be
      reflected in the lower dose ranges now being tested in phase I/II clinical
      trials. Desferrioxamine, which proved cytotoxic against all three neuroblastoma
      cell lines, exerted comparable cytotoxicity against two of the three non
      neuroblastoma human tumor cell lines evaluated. Therefore we suggest that
      attempts to identify any specific antineuroblastoma activities by new
      investigational agents using this type of model systems require evaluation
      against panels of both neuroblastoma and non-neuroblastoma lines.

PMID- 3410663
TI  - Anti-tumour, toxicological and pharmacokinetic properties of a novel taurine
      based nitrosourea (TCNU).
AB  - A novel nitrosourea, 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-[2-(dimethylaminosulfonyl) ethyl]-1
      nitrosourea (TCNU) tauromustine, has been investigated in a broad anti-tumour
      screen and, in depth toxicology and initial pharmacokinetics carried out. TCNU
      and its two metabolites were found to exhibit equal or better oral efficacy than
      that of BCNU, CCNU, MeCCNU or chorozotocin against L1210 leukemia, Walker mammary
      carcinoma, Lewis Lung, Harding Passey melanoma and colon carcinoma C26. The
      toxicological profile of TCNU after acute and 3 months treatment was similar in
      mice and rats to that of CCNU, with the exception that, TCNU did not cause the
      chronic liver disturbances found for CCNU. In dogs treated for 6 weeks with TCNU
      leucopenia and thrombocytopenia were the major side effects. Parent TCNU was
      found in all dogs. The absorption was fast, the maximum level being reach after
      25 mins and the mean absorption time was 22 mins. The mean half life was 16.1
      mins after intravenous and 17.4 after oral administration. The combination of
      these factors make TCNU an interesting clinical candidate.

PMID- 3410664
TI  - In vitro cytotoxicity of pyrazine-2-diazohydroxide: specificity for hypoxic cells
      and effects of microsomal coincubation.
AB  - The antitumor drug pyrazine-2-diazohydroxide exhibits cytotoxicity to A204 tumor
      cells in vitro under acid conditions. The IC50 with a 1 hr drug exposure at pH of
      7.4 was 61 micrograms/ml and at pH of 6.0 it was 31 micrograms/ml. It is
      suggested that the increased cytotoxicity is due to the acid catalyzed formation
      of a reactive pyrizinyldiazonium ion from pyrazine-2-diazohydroxide. Pyrazine-2
      diazohydroxide is also more cytotoxic to A204 cells under hypoxic conditions in
      the presence of glucose with an IC50 at pH 7.4 of 22 micrograms/ml. The increased
      cytotoxicity of pyrazine-2-diazohydroxide under acid and hypoxic conditions may
      favor selective toxicity to solid tumors in vivo. Coincubation with rat hepatic
      microsomes increased the cytotoxicity of pyrazine-2-diazohydroxide to A204 cells.
      The effect did not require NADPH and was not due to formation of metabolites.
      There was an increased rate of degradation of pyrazine-2-diazohydroxide in the
      presence of microsomes, presumably with formation of the pyrizinyldiazonium ion.
      The final degradation product 2-hydroxypyrazine was not cytotoxic to A204 cells.
      The effect of microsomes on pyrazine-2-diazohydroxide cytotoxicity is probably of
      little in vivo significance.

PMID- 3410665
TI  - Clinical trial of etoposide (VP-16) in children with recurrent malignant solid
      tumors. A phase II study from the Pediatric Oncology Group.
AB  - Etoposide (VP-16), 150 mg/M2, given intravenously daily for 3 days every 3 weeks
      resulted in 3 complete responses and 6 partial responses in 154 patients with a
      spectrum of recurrent malignant solid tumors. There was evidence of disease
      control in an additional 37 patients (27 mixed responses and 10 stable disease).
      These responses occurred primarily in patients with Ewing's sarcoma, Hodgkin's
      disease, neuroblastoma and rhabdomyosarcoma. Most of the patients had every
      extensive prior therapy; however prior therapy with teniposide (VM-26), the
      congener of VP-16, did not seem to preclude responses to the latter drug.
      Myelosuppression was the principal form of toxicity. Neutropenia characterized by
      absolute neutrophil counts of 0.5 to 0.9 x 10(9)/L occurred in one-half of the
      patients, and thrombopenia with platelet counts of less than 25 to 49 x 10(9)/L
      in one-fourth. These results demonstrate a favorable therapeutic index for VP-16
      in several recurrent childhood solid tumors, supporting its use as a component of
      primary therapy for these diseases.

PMID- 3410666
TI  - Phase II evaluation of teniposide (VM-26) in metastatic breast carcinoma. A
      Southeastern Cancer Study Group trial.
AB  - The Southeastern Cancer Study Group performed a Phase II study of teniposide in
      previously treated patients with metastatic breast cancer. No responses were
      observed in 11 evaluable patients who received teniposide 60 mg/m2 by IV infusion
      for five consecutive days every three weeks. Toxicity was primarily
      gastrointestinal and hematologic and was frequently severe. This study
      demonstrated no therapeutic activity for teniposide when given in this dose and
      schedule to patients with heavily pretreated metastatic breast cancer.

PMID- 3410667
TI  - Phase II study of AMSA alone and in combination with DTIC in patients with
      metastatic melanoma.
AB  - A randomized phase II study of AMSA (amsacrine) alone and AMSA combined with DTIC
      (dacarbazine) was carried out in 31 and 39 patients with metastatic melanoma
      respectively. AMSA was used at a starting dose of 40 mg/m2/day X 3 days with
      escalation to 50-60 mg/m2/day X 3 days in 8 pts. For AMSA + DTIC the starting
      dose was: AMSA 30 mg/m2/day X 3 days; DTIC, 800 mg/m2 X 1 day. Additionally,
      seven pts received AMSA in a similar dose schedule but DTIC was used in a 5-day
      schedule of 250 mg/m2/day. Twenty-five patients were evaluable for response in
      the AMSA group and 36 in the AMSA + DTIC group. The objective response to AMSA
      included 1(4%) partial response compared with 11 complete or partial responses
      (30%) with AMSA + DTIC therapy. The median lowest absolute granulocyte count was
      1100/microliters in AMSA group compared with 1000/microliters in the AMSA + DTIC
      group. Severe neutropenia of less than 500 granulocytes/microliter was observed
      in 5 pts in the AMSA group compared with 13 pts in the AMSA + DTIC group. We
      concluded that AMSA has no significant activity against melanoma, although the
      combination of AMSA + DTIC seemed to be more active than DTIC alone.

PMID- 3410668
TI  - Care of the older person: the ethical challenge to American medicine.

PMID- 3410669
TI  - Appropriate care of the incompetent older person: an ethical challenge.

PMID- 3410670
TI  - Care of the older person: the ethical challenge of American medicine.

PMID- 3410672
TI  - Massive pericardial effusion due to metastatic prostatic carcinoma: a case
      report.

PMID- 3410671
TI  - Acute acalculous cholecystitis--experimental and clinical observations.
AB  - Induction of acute acalculous cholecystitis was studied in dogs. Designed models
      included ligation of the cystic artery and/or duct separately or combined and
      injection of colonic flora into the gallbladder. Cholecystectomy was performed 72
      h later. Histological studies of the gallbladders and bile cultures demonstrated
      various degrees of cholecystitis, the severest form occurring as a result of
      cystic artery ligation, whereas the mildest was produced by injection of
      bacteria. Secondary infection was a constant feature of our experimental models.

PMID- 3410673
TI  - Unusual presentation of familial benign chronic pemphigus.

PMID- 3410674
TI  - Shrapnel penetration in pregnancy resulting in fetal death.

PMID- 3410675
TI  - Recurrent hyperkalemia and acute renal failure following sulindac therapy.

PMID- 3410677
TI  - National meeting of the Israeli Urology and Oncology Societies. 9 February 1988,
      Herzlia, Israel. Abstracts of papers.

PMID- 3410676
TI  - Proceedings of the annual meeting of the Israel Heart Society. 19 January 1988,
      Tel Aviv, Israel. Abstracts of papers.

PMID- 3410678
TI  - 25th Hanford Life Sciences Symposium. Radiation protection--a look to the future.

PMID- 3410679
TI  - The impact of the Chernobyl accident on radiation protection.
AB  - The science of radiation protection is a fundamental outgrowth of peaceful and
      military applications of ionizing radiation and the use of nuclear energy.
      Scientific progress in radiation protection has not, however, been as dramatic as
      progress in other scientific endeavors, because many users of ionizing radiation
      have perceived that the major technical and institutional problems have already
      been solved. This misperception is not based on solid fact and is not shared by
      radiation protection professionals, who have a broader vision of both past
      achievements and problems remaining in this area. Experience gained as a
      consequence of the Chernobyl accident has highlighted new problems and
      demonstrated the urgency of finding better answers to some old questions. This
      paper addresses the future impact of the recent Chernobyl accident on the science
      of radiation protection. In summary, the accident demonstrated that particular
      emphasis should be directed toward: Improvement of dosimetric and health-effects
      models for predicting the consequences of exposure of the public to low doses of
      ionizing radiation. Development of optimized, realistic countermeasures and
      improvement in emergency preparedness. Education of the public, including
      students, scientists and politicians with regard to radiation protection issues.
      Development of advanced computer programs and radiation instruments for
      evaluating reactor accidents and their consequences. Transfer of learned
      concepts, methods and approaches to other scientific fields, such as
      environmental sciences, toxicology, pharmacology, etc.

PMID- 3410680
TI  - Radiation protection--a look to the future: ICRP perceptions.
AB  - The author was invited to talk about ICRP perceptions of a look to the future.
      Many questions will be addressed when the International Commission on
      Radiological Protection (ICRP) initiates a revision of its basic recommendations
      from 1977, which were published in ICRP Publication 26. This process will take
      several years, and in the meantime the author does not expect any major changes
      in the present policy of the commission. It is still too early to predict the
      commission's future policy but, to some extent, present trends might be
      extrapolated, as indicated in this discussion.

PMID- 3410681
TI  - Trends in radiation protection--a view from the National Council on Radiation
      Protection and Measurements (NCRP).
AB  - The present status of ionizing radiation protection in our society, with the
      exception of extraordinary events such as the Chernobyl accident, can be
      considered reasonably satisfactory. Occupationally, average exposures have risks
      no greater than accident rates in "safe" industries and show a downward trend in
      concert with results of safety practices in other occupations; higher exposures
      are being addressed specifically, and a new NCRP guideline may prove useful. An
      important concern relating to the quality factor for neutrons is at least
      partially accounted for by recent International Commission on Radiological
      Protection (ICRP) and NCRP recommendations. Among public exposures, the most
      important by far is exposure to indoor Rn. However, this problem is being
      addressed on all fronts, and its magnitude and the means to deal with it will
      soon be better known. For the near future, we should see a stabilizing of risk
      estimates, albeit at levels very probably higher than formerly. There may also be
      an increasing tendency to use incidence rather than mortality for calculating
      these estimates. These changes may require some adjustment in our perspective on
      limits. As the difference in risk between the sexes becomes more definite, we may
      wish to adopt a policy of equal risk rather than one of equal dose. Age data also
      emphasize, more and more, the decline of risk with age; consequently, using older
      workers when feasible in radiation-exposure circumstances becomes more desirable.
      For the longer-term future, various developments can be expected, including,
      possibly, a more suitable climate for a risk system, a more appropriate way to
      express differences in radiation quality, further knowledge of the role
      probabilities of causation may play in radiation control, the effect of
      mitigating and enhancing factors, and progress in fundamental oncology. All of
      these are exciting possibilities which may provide a variety of options for the
      most effective radiation protection in the future.

PMID- 3410682
TI  - Radiation protection guidelines for space missions.
AB  - The current radiation protection guidelines of the National Aeronautics and Space
      Administration (NASA) were recommended in 1970. The career limit was set at 4.0
      Sv (400 rem). Using the same approach as in 1970 but current risk estimates, a
      considerably lower career limit would obtain today. Also, there is now much more
      information about the radiation environments that will be experienced in
      different missions. Furthermore, since 1970 women have joined the ranks of the
      astronauts. For these and other reasons, it was considered necessary to re
      examine the radiation protection guidelines. This task has been undertaken by the
      National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements Scientific Committee
      75. Within the magnetosphere, the radiation environment varies with altitude and
      inclination of the orbit. In outer space missions, galactic cosmic rays, with the
      small but important heavy-ion component, determine the radiation environment. The
      new recommendations for career dose limits, based on lifetime excess risk of
      cancer mortality, take into account age at first exposure and sex. The career
      limits range from 1.0 Sv (100 rem) for a 24-y-old female up to 4.0 Sv (400 rem)
      for a 55-y-old male, compared with the previous single limit of 4.0 Sv (400 rem).
      The career limit for the lens of the eye has been reduced from 6.0 Sv (600 rem)
      to 4.0 Sv (400 rem).

PMID- 3410684
TI  - The next decade in external dosimetry.
AB  - In recent years, a number of external dosimetry problems have been solved.
      However, changes in standards and legal concepts relating to the application of
      dosimetry results will require further enhancements in measurement techniques and
      philosophy in the next 10 y. The introduction of effective dose equivalent and
      the legal use of probability of causation will require that much greater
      attention be given to determination of weighted organ dose from external
      exposure. An imminent change--an increase in the fast neutron quality factor-
      will require a new round of technology development in a field that has just
      received a decade of close scrutiny. For the future, we must take advantage of
      developments in microelectronics. The use of random access memory (RAM) and metal
      on-silicon (MOS) devices as detector elements, particularly for neutron
      dosimetry, has exciting possibilities that are just beginning to be explored.
      Advances in microcircuitry are leading, and will continue to lead, in the
      development of a new generation of small, rugged and "smart" radiation survey
      instruments that will make the most of detector data. It has become possible with
      very compact instruments to obtain energy spectra, linear-energy-transfer (LET)
      spectra, and quality factors in addition to the usual integrated dosimetric
      quantities: exposure, absorbed dose, and dose equivalent. These instruments will
      be reliable and easy to use. The user will be able to select the level of
      sophistication that is required for any specific application. Moreover, since the
      processing algorithms can be changed, changes in conversion factors can be
      accommodated with relative ease. During the next decade, the use of computers
      will continue to grow in value to the health physicist. Personal computers and
      codes designed for dosimetry applications will become prominent, providing the
      health physicist with the ability to perform sophisticated data reduction,
      spectra unfolding and even radiation modeling and transport calculations on the
      desk top. In the far term, the use of computers could extend to the development
      of sophisticated tracking systems that would follow and record the workers'
      movements throughout a radiation area. These data, together with information from
      area monitors, air samplers and personnel dosimeters, could be used to develop
      truly integrated dose estimates, including reconstruction of organ doses.

PMID- 3410683
TI  - Personnel protection challenges in defense and waste management programs.
AB  - Three areas are targeted as offering major challenges to the health physicists of
      the future. One area is in the influx of new technologies, such as laser isotope
      separation (LIS) and its resultant impact on dosimetry. The LIS process, while
      generally reducing exposures, also has side effects that make it difficult to
      detect internal Pu contamination with present methods. Specifically, the LIS
      process will remove the 241Pu and its 241Am decay product, which is the estimator
      for Pu, from the 239Pu stream. A second area involves the requirements now being
      developed for waste management, which also challenges health physicists by
      insisting upon safe environments for workers who handle waste products while
      mandating confirmation and cleanup of hazardous wastes. Thus, developing remote
      inspection techniques will be vital for personnel protection. Finally, military
      health physicists are faced with the challenges posed to the civilian
      professionals as well as challenges unique to the military, such as the education
      of future health physicists to meet the complex military needs.

PMID- 3410685
TI  - The future of radiological instrumentation.
AB  - Future trends in the development of radiation protection instrumentation can be
      expected to be closely related to current trends in political and social activity
      that drive legislation, rule-making, and standard practice, with assistance
      provided by trends in material and electronic technology. Wide-range performance
      will be emphasized to arm the daily worker with instruments that routinely log
      background rates and, at the same time, are prepared to measure accident rates.
      Separate and simultaneous accumulation of data from several sensors to ensure
      complete coverage of the radiation types will be common. Mathematical
      manipulation of data will provide for summary data logging and, in some cases,
      solutions to integral equations to provide corrections to experimental data.
      Instruments will become more reliable by way of self-checking and correction.
      Miniaturization and large-scale integration of measuring instruments will provide
      some instrumentation for the people at large. To be effective, the instruments
      will necessarily cover a wide range and be very reliable. The net result of these
      several trends will provide for a widespread understanding of radiation
      protection and an implementation of "as low as reasonably achievable" among large
      segments of the population.

PMID- 3410686
TI  - Improving health physics measurements by performance testing.
AB  - Testing standards have been written to establish minimum performance requirements
      for personnel dosimeters, radiation survey instruments and bioassay laboratory
      measurements. These standards were subjected to experimental evaluation and to a
      consensus review to ensure that the requirements were practical. Programs have
      been established, using the personnel dosimeter standards, to improve and control
      the performance of dosimeter processors. Similar implementation of performance
      testing of instruments will improve reliability of field measurements. Initiation
      of a program based on the bioassay standard will improve the accuracy, precision,
      and detectability levels for measuring radioactivity in occupationally exposed
      workers. Evaluating the performance of health-physics measurement tools will
      improve the accuracy and precision of measurement and add to our knowledge of
      personnel exposures. Performance testing will become a more widely recognized
      tool for maintaining high-quality programs, and the concept will be applied to
      other measurements as well.

PMID- 3410687
TI  - Measurement quality assurance.
AB  - The quality of a radiation protection program can be no better than the quality
      of the measurements made to support it. In many cases, that quality is unknown
      and is merely implied on the basis of a calibration of a measuring instrument. If
      that calibration is inappropriate or is performed improperly, the measurement
      result will be inaccurate and misleading. Assurance of measurement quality can be
      achieved if appropriate procedures are followed, including periodic quality
      control actions that demonstrate adequate performance. Several national
      measurement quality assurance (MQA) programs are operational or under development
      in specific areas. They employ secondary standards laboratories that provide a
      high-quality link between the National Bureau of Standards and measurements made
      at the field use level. The procedures followed by these secondary laboratories
      to achieve MQA will be described, as well as plans for similar future programs. A
      growing general national interest in quality assurance, combined with strong
      specific motivations for MQA in the area of ionizing radiation, will provide
      continued demand for appropriate national programs. Such programs must, however,
      employ procedures that are cost effective and must be developed with
      participation by all affected parties.

PMID- 3410688
TI  - Robotics and teleoperator-controlled devices.
AB  - This paper presents a rationale for and a summary of tasks and missions to which
      mobile and stationary robots and other teleoperator-controlled devices could be
      assigned in response to the accidental release of radioactive and other
      hazardous/toxic materials to the environment. Many of these vehicles and devices
      currently support operation and maintenance of nuclear power plants and other
      nuclear industry facilities. This paper also discusses specific missions for
      these devices at the Three Mile Island and Chernobyl nuclear power plant sites at
      the time of the accidents. Also discussed is the status of devices under
      development for future applications, as well as research on robotics.

PMID- 3410689
TI  - Education and training in health physics--a look to the future.
AB  - The next 15 to 20 y promise to be a challenging period in health physics
      education. The U.S. Department of Energy, in a review of current and projected
      labor market conditions for professional health physicists and health physics
      technicians, reports current shortages of professional health physicists in the
      civilian nuclear industry and predicts a high potential for shortages during the
      next 15 y. The academic health physics community is also faced with the following
      issues that compound the difficulty in meeting the high employment demands for
      qualified health physicists in the near future. (1). A decreasing number of
      programs--In the past few years, several programs have folded or have undergone
      reorganization, thus reducing the availability of quality programs to train
      health physicists and health physics technicians. (2). Decreasing federal funding
      -Government funding of health physics programs is limited, necessitating programs
      to obtain support from the private sector or from within the colleges and
      universities themselves. (3). Accreditation of programs--Should programs be
      accredited to standardize quality and program content? (4). Recruiting quality
      students--What can programs do to attract high-quality students into the health
      physics profession? In this paper, each of these issues is examined and possible
      solutions proposed. Our discussion is primarily meant to be provocative--in this
      way we hope to stimulate much-needed discourse as a first step in addressing and
      solving these problems which face the academic health physics community.

PMID- 3410690
TI  - Spatial and temporal distribution of energy.
AB  - Studies of the spatial and temporal distribution of microscopic radiation doses
      lead to potentially important questions regarding conventional approaches to
      radiation protection. The short ranges of alpha-particle and Auger-electron
      emissions from radionuclides lead to uncertainties in assessing their hazards.
      The conventional extrapolations from intermediate doses to low doses and dose
      rates are questioned by observed dose-rate effects in the so-called "initial
      slope," by the total lack of data for single tracks in cells and by the
      possibility of multiple-cell effects. At all subcellular levels, even down to
      DNA, high linear-energy-transfer (LET) radiations can produce unique initial
      damage, different from that possible with low-LET radiations, and therefore may
      even, in principle, produce unique final biological effects. This questions
      simple extrapolations from low- to high-LET radiations and the application of
      universal quality factors to diverse effects. Further understanding of these
      questions could lead, in future, to substantial increases or decreases in
      estimations of risk.

PMID- 3410691
TI  - Quality factors.
AB  - The quality factor, Q, is a dimensionless modifier used in converting absorbed
      dose, expressed in gray (or rad), to dose equivalent, expressed in sievert (or
      rem). The dose equivalent is used in radiation protection to account for the
      biological effectiveness of different kinds of radiation. The quality factor is
      related to both linear energy transfer (LET) and relative biological
      effectiveness (RBE). The RBE obtained from biological experiments depends in a
      complex way on the observed biological effect, the specific test organism and the
      experimental conditions. Judgment is involved, therefore, in the choice of Q.
      Questions regarding the adequacy of current Q values for neutrons were first
      raised in a 1980 statement by the National Council on Radiation Protection and
      Measurements (NCRP) and later in a 1985 statement by the International Commission
      on Radiological Protection (ICRP). In 1980, the NCRP alerted the technical
      community to the possibility of a future increase between a factor of 3 to 10 in
      the Q for neutrons, and in 1985, the ICRP suggested an increase by a factor of 2
      in Q for fast neutrons. Both these advisory groups are now recommending
      essentially the same guidance with regard to Q for neutrons: an increase by a
      factor of 2. The Q for neutrons is based on a large, albeit unfocused, body of
      experimental data. In spite of the lack of focus, the data supporting a change in
      the neutron quality factor are substantial. However, the proposed doubling of Q
      for neutrons is clouded by other issues regarding its application. These issues
      are discussed, together with the current database for the neutron quality factor.
      Improvements are needed to provide better guidance with regard to both Q for
      neutrons and its application in radiation protection.

PMID- 3410693
TI  - The biophysical stage of radiation carcinogenesis.
AB  - The dependence of the induction of cancer on the absorbed dose of ionizing
      radiations has been specified in terms of increasing complexity. The first notion
      of simple proportionality (the "linear hypothesis") is now frequently replaced
      with a dependence of both the first and second powers of the dose (the "linear
      quadratic model"), which implies proportionality at low doses only.
      Microdosimetric considerations, in particular the theory of dual radiation
      action, would be in accord with this relation if tumors were to arise from single
      cells as the result of a transformation that is autonomous (i.e., depends only on
      the radiation received by the cell). In this case, it must be expected that the
      linear portion of the dose-effect curve is dose rate independent, but that the
      quadratic component may decrease with decreasing dose rate because of repair
      during the interval between two events (energy depositions by individual
      particles). Various data appeared to be in agreement with this picture. However,
      it was shown some time ago that the dose-incidence relation of some neoplasms
      indicates a non-autonomous response because of departure from a linear dependence
      when the mean number of events in cells is much less than one in neutron
      irradiations. Another discrepancy is the repeated observation that reduction of
      dose rate, while resulting in the expected lessening of the effectiveness of low
      LET radiation, increases the effectiveness of neutrons (especially in the case of
      oncogenic cell transformation). As will be shown, it is possible to account for
      this phenomenon, although at this point the limitations of the available data
      make the explanation semi-quantitative and therefore still somewhat hypothetical.
      However, it should be noted that it does not even require a nonautonomous
      response and thus is at least an example of the complexities that can arise in
      the earliest (biophysical) stage of radiation carcinogenesis.

PMID- 3410692
TI  - Microdosimetric basis for exposure limits.
AB  - Consideration of the energy deposited by ionizing radiation in microscopic
      volumes has led to new insights into dosimetric concepts at the levels of
      interest in radiation protection. Large amounts of energy are deposited by the
      passage of low linear-energy-transfer (LET)-charged particles through small
      volumes. If a typical cell nucleus is considered to be about 7 micron, at an
      exposure rate of 2.5 X 10(-1) C kg-1 h-1 (1 mR hr-1) from a 60Co irradiation, the
      average cell nucleus receives one energy deposition event every 12.5 d.
      Biological processes, which modify radiation damage, typically occur in a few
      minutes to a few hours. Thus, at occupational exposure levels it is probably the
      irreparable or misrepaired effects of irradiation that determine the biological
      consequences. One goal of dosimetry is to measure the incident radiation, making
      it possible to predict biological risk and set meaningful exposure limits. These
      measurements must relate to the energy depositions that are responsible for
      radiation effects at low dose rates, yet the dosimetry system must not be
      excessively complex to allow use by operational health physicists. Furthermore,
      our description of the irradiation should be directly measurable. The use of
      quality factors based upon the energy deposition in a 1-micron-diameter volume of
      tissue as prescribed in International Commission on Radiation Units Report No. 40
      (Joint Task Group 1986) satisfies these requirements. Instrumentation based upon
      measurement of lineal energy has already been successfully used in health-physics
      applications. Future changes in the quality factor can be accommodated by
      changing the algorithm in these microprocessor-based instruments.

PMID- 3410694
TI  - Implications of new technologies and shifting priorities on the understanding of
      genetic injury.
AB  - Some areas of radiation genetics still contain gaps of knowledge, as these
      studies lost priority when the emphasis in experimental mutagenesis shifted
      toward the effect of chemical mutagens. This shifted emphasis, however, was
      accompanied by the development of a better understanding of genetic injury at the
      molecular level. At the opposite end of the spectrum, more attention was paid to
      estimates of the direct health costs of the genetic burden in humans and the
      capacity to make prenatal diagnoses, and to consider reasonable clinical and
      biochemical intervention. Although, as yet, there are no completely reliable
      direct methods to estimate the radiation-induced mutation rate in humans, we have
      come to rely upon data from experimental animals to predict event frequency and
      extrapolate from these data to predict human health consequences. What will the
      future offer? Certainly, we should develop a better understanding of molecular
      genetic damage and, possibly, a better extrapolation model for predicting
      mutation rate, but many aspects of expected health consequences may remain
      elusive. We still may have to rely upon (1) an inadequate human population
      genetic baseline, (2) sometimes arguable perceptions of man-mouse extrapolation
      models, (3) changing perceptions of gene-environment interactions, and (4)
      changing levels of short-term selection pressure against detrimental mutations.

PMID- 3410695
TI  - New understanding from epidemiology--the next 25 years.
AB  - The epidemiology of radiation carcinogenesis is likely to be dominated during the
      next 25 y by the gradual maturation of major studies of populations exposed to
      substantial levels of radiation dose. During this period, for example, most of
      the new information on cancer risk among survivors of the 1945 atomic bombings of
      Hiroshima and Nagasaki will pertain to persons exposed at ages under 30. From the
      A-bomb survivor data and from a number of medically and occupationally irradiated
      populations now under study, it will be possible to construct a fairly complete
      picture of the temporal distribution of excess cancer risk over the remaining
      life span following exposure, a major source of uncertainty and controversy in
      current risk estimates. Provided that the necessary efforts are made, it should
      be possible to greatly increase our understanding of which organs and tissues are
      vulnerable to radiation carcinogenesis, variation by age at exposure and sex, and
      (what is most difficult at the present time) the influence of other risk factors
      and possible modifying factors on the magnitude of risk associated with radiation
      exposure. For some sites it may be possible, as it is now for breast cancer, to
      rule out certain broad classes of simple dose-response models. While the data
      gathered during the next 25 y will be nearly the last from some very important
      series, their information content should be extremely high. Thus, there is every
      reason to improve the resources, e.g., by improving dosimetry, enlarging samples,
      tapping new sources of case ascertainment, and gathering information on factors
      other than radiation dose. Modeling in epidemiological investigations depends
      heavily on work in experimental radiobiology. Thus far, the exchange has been
      largely in one direction, since epidemiological study design is mostly a matter
      of extracting information from "experiments" that have already taken place. With
      more epidemiological information, it seems reasonable to hope that detailed
      hypotheses, with direct relevance to areas of epidemiological uncertainty, may be
      generated suitable for experimental investigation. It seems likely that findings
      from large studies of populations exposed to relatively low levels of radiation,
      for which the signal-to-noise ratio is low, and for which random error and subtle
      sources of bias may have more than usual influence on reported results, will
      continue to generate controversy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3410696
TI  - Prospects for new information relevant to radiation protection from studies of
      experimental animals.
AB  - The theory underlying radiation protection was developed from studies of people,
      laboratory animals, tissues, cells and macromolecules. Data on people were
      obtained from opportunistic studies of individuals previously exposed to
      radiation. Rarely has it been possible to conduct prospective studies of people
      exposed to known quantities of radiation, which sharply restricts the nature of
      questions that they can address. In contrast, studies using laboratory animals
      and simpler biological systems can be designed to address specific questions,
      using controlled exposure conditions. In-vitro research with macromolecules,
      cells and tissues leads to understanding normal and disease processes in isolated
      biological components. Studies of the intact animals provide opportunities to
      study in vivo interactive mechanisms observed in vitro and their role in
      development of radiation-induced diseases such as cancer. In the future, studies
      of intact animals should prove increasingly valuable in linking new knowledge at
      the subanimal level with the more fragmentary information obtained from direct
      observations on people. This will provide insight into important issues such as
      (a) effects of low-level radiation exposures, (b) mechanism of cancer induction
      at high versus low radiation doses, and (c) influence of factors such as
      nutrition and exposure to chemicals on radiation-induced cancer. This
      presentation describes strategies for conducting and integrating results of
      research using macromolecules, cells, tissues, laboratory animals and people to
      improve our understanding of radiation-induced cancer. It will also emphasize the
      problems encountered in studies at all levels of biological organization when the
      disease is observed in low "excess incidence" long after exposure to the
      toxicant.

PMID- 3410697
TI  - Intrauterine radiation exposures and mental retardation.
AB  - Small head size and mental retardation have been known as effects of intrauterine
      exposure to ionizing radiation since the 1920s. In the 1950s, studies of Japanese
      atomic-bomb survivors revealed that at 4-17 wk of gestation, the greater the
      dose, the smaller the brain (and head size), and that beginning at 0.5 Gy (50
      rad) in Hiroshima, mental retardation increased in frequency with increasing
      dose. No other excess of birth defects was observed. Otake and Schull (1984)
      pointed out that the period of susceptibility to mental retardation coincided
      with that for proliferation and migration of neuronal elements from near the
      cerebral ventricles to the cortex. Mental retardation could be the result of
      interference with this process. Their analysis indicated that exposures at 8-15
      wk to 0.01-0.02 Gy (1-2 rad) doubled the frequency of severe mental retardation.
      This estimate was based on small numbers of mentally retarded atomic-bomb
      survivors. Although nuclear accidents have occurred recently, new cases will
      hopefully be too rare to provide further information about the risk of mental
      retardation. It may be possible, however, to learn about lesser impairment. New
      psychometric tests may be helpful in detecting subtle deficits in intelligence or
      neurodevelopmental function. One such test is PEERAMID, which is being used in
      schools to identify learning disabilities due, for example, to deficits in
      attention, short- or long-term memory, or in sequencing information. This and
      other tests could be applied in evaluating survivors of intrauterine exposure to
      various doses of ionizing radiation. The results could change our understanding
      of the safety of low-dose exposures.

PMID- 3410698
TI  - Ataxia-telangiectasia as a model system for studies of radiation protection
      mechanisms.
AB  - Patients with ataxia-telangiectasia (AT), a human autosomal recessive genetic
      disease, are uniformly hypersensitive to ionizing radiation as measured by colony
      forming ability and by chromosomal aberrations. Obligate heterozygotes, i.e.,
      parents of AT patients, are slightly more radiosensitive than normal humans in
      terms of both colony-forming ability and chromosomal aberrations formed in G2.
      Thus, this system not only furnishes a model system to study factors that are
      responsible for radioresistance in normal human beings, but is also a unique tool
      for determining the role of gene dosage on radiation-induced cell killing.
      Because AT cells seem to be hypomutable to ionizing radiation, they also can be
      used to study the relationship between radiosensitivity and mutability and,
      therefore, carcinogenesis. Isolation of the defective gene that causes
      hypersensitivity in AT cells and its counterpart in normal cells should lead to a
      breakthrough in our understanding of radiation effects and how they can be
      prevented in human beings.

PMID- 3410699
TI  - Future development of biological understanding of radiation protection:
      implications of nonstochastic effects.
AB  - Radiation-protection standards are based on minimizing or preventing biological
      effects in exposed populations. Radiation-induced biological effects can be
      classified as stochastic--malignant and hereditary diseases for which the
      probability of an effect occurring is a function of dose without threshold--and
      nonstochastic--inflammatory and degenerative diseases for which the severity and
      frequency of the effect varies with the dose and for which a threshold is
      present. The current International Commission on Radiation Protection (ICRP)
      approach for setting limits for intakes of radionuclides by workers, which
      accounts for doses to significantly exposed organs of the body, is based on
      limitation of stochastic effects in most situations. When setting exposure
      limits, nonstochastic effects are generally considered to be unlikely at the
      limits for stochastic effects. In some situations, limits based on prevention of
      nonstochastic effects are lower than for stochastic effects. This review
      considers the threshold radiation doses for thyroid, bone, liver and lung and
      their relationship to the limits recommended by the ICRP and the cancer risks at
      the limits. This review indicates that the threshold dose for nonstochastic
      effects in thyroid and lung is much above the dose limit as advocated by ICRP.
      The threshold dose for nonstochastic effects in bone and liver is much closer to
      the dose limit, but protection from nonstochastic effects should still be
      afforded by the dose limits.

PMID- 3410700
TI  - Modeling the outdoor environment--new perspectives and challenges.
AB  - Assessing risk from manmade and naturally occurring radionuclides in the
      environment has long been of primary interest in radiation protection. Early
      investigations and decisions relied on direct measurements of radiation in
      environmental media; however, these techniques were inadequate for determining
      exposure to humans and biota from very low levels of radiation and in predicting
      exposures from future releases. The Plowshare Program in 1957 investigated the
      use of nuclear explosives for peaceful purposes and created an immediate need for
      predicting the dispersion and ultimate fate of radionuclides that might be vented
      to the atmosphere or enter groundwater and expose man. As a result, modeling the
      behavior of radionuclides in the outdoor environment became a field of vigorous
      interest, merging disciplines of mathematics, biology and physics, among others.
      Environmental models and, more specifically, models predicting radiation dose
      from radionuclides in the environment have evolved rapidly and have increased
      significantly in sophistication, complexity and scope. Application of these
      models is commonly known as radiological assessment. This presentation examines
      the current status, future direction and weaknesses of radiological assessment
      models used in making decisions about radiation. The trend in recent years has
      been toward more complex models, which has not necessarily improved the accuracy
      of dose estimates and, in certain cases, has had the opposite effect. The
      presentation also discusses the future of model development, with particular
      emphasis on simple techniques and the expanded use of microcomputers, which will
      make radiological assessment models widely available for risk assessment and for
      practical applications such as the design of efficient monitoring programs and
      engineering calculations on the clean-up of contaminated soils. The screening
      models developed by the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements
      are offered as an example of a powerful yet simple method for demonstrating
      compliance with standards. Finally, the paper reviews two major areas of
      challenge for the future--defining uncertainty associated with radiological
      assessment models and the potential for converting radiological assessment models
      for use with nonradioactive environmental pollutants such as chemicals. Modeling
      radionuclides in the environment is adopting a new perspective. Future models
      will be less complex than their predecessors and will be adaptable to a much
      broader range of users. Key challenges remain in applying the techniques used for
      radionuclides to nonradioactive pollutants.

PMID- 3410701
TI  - On the relationship between radiation standards for the general public and
      limitation of lifetime risk.
AB  - This paper discusses the relationship between standards for limiting radiation
      exposures of individuals in the general public and limitation of lifetime risk.
      Most current radiation standards for the public in the United States specify
      limits on dose for each year of exposure. Particularly for internal exposures, we
      show that such standards may correspond poorly with a limit on lifetime risk when
      the age dependence of radionuclide intakes and dose is taken into account. We
      then show that standards which specify limits on annual dose averaged over a
      lifetime, with a subsidiary limit on dose in any year, correspond more closely
      with a limit on lifetime risk. Finally, we discuss standards for public exposures
      that are expressed directly as limits on lifetime risk. The development of risk
      standards would require consideration of age-dependent radiogenic risks and
      competing risks from all other causes as well as age-dependent dosimetry. We
      present sample calculations of lifetime risks from acute and chronic intakes that
      would support such a standard. We suggest that implementation of a standard for
      lifetime risk would require modification or abandonment of several radiation
      protection practices embodied in standards which specify limits on dose.

PMID- 3410702
TI  - Industrial risk perceptions.
AB  - The risks of occupational exposure to radiation need fuller and more explicit
      characterization. They also need a more developed quantitative comparison with
      more familiar occupational hazards. To achieve this, some criterion is needed for
      establishing the amount of detriment one should attribute to different harmful
      effects, e.g., from accidents at work which cause death, temporary or permanent
      disability; from fatal and nonfatal cancers; from developmental abnormalities and
      any likely nonstochastic effects; and from a range of genetic defects. No such
      criterion for comparing incommensurable kinds of harm can be scientifically
      defined, but one is essential if occupational exposure standards are to be put
      into perspective. A comparison of the frequency of fatal cancers and "severe"
      genetic defects with that of accidental deaths at work is admittedly incomplete.
      One possible starting point is from a review of the average length of healthy
      life and activity lost as a result of nonfatal industrial accidents and some
      curable cancers, or of gross impairment during the course of an active disease or
      as a result of many types of genetic defect, or of life expectancy lost
      absolutely owing to fatal accidents and diseases. Estimates are discussed to
      emphasize the areas in which opinion is most needed to translate measures of risk
      based simply on total time lost into acceptable criteria of perceived detriment.
      Standards of industrial safety are reviewed on this basis, both for risk from
      accidents at work and from radiation exposure, with evidence on the rate at which
      both types of risk are being reduced.

PMID- 3410703
TI  - A consumer and media viewpoint.
AB  - The future of the nuclear community will not resemble the past. Suddenly gone are
      the years of blind public trust, cheers for building the bomb that ended a world
      war, and the unquestioned alliance of patriotism and Pu. Awakened by the
      radioactivity cloud from Chernobyl and recent revelations of major releases
      during Hanford's early years, the public is demanding to play a part in its own
      future in suddenly jam-packed hearings. After four decades, nuclear pioneers
      should consider that a technology fashioned largely in the vacuum of war-driven
      secrecy is now being judged--fairly or not--alongside the rather unforgiving
      measures of present-day politics, economics and morality. The spiral of distrust
      may continue without a semblance of the following remedies. (1) The press and the
      public need to become better educated in radiation basics to start making more
      informed decisions on multi-billion-dollar issues. (2) Because reasoned public
      discussions of anything nuclear is at an impasse, supporters and critics of
      nuclear activities should spend less time trying to discredit their opponents and
      more time trying to understand why they think as they do. (3) The radiation
      protection community should welcome scrutiny for one simple reason: no other way
      exists to regain public trust and respect.

PMID- 3410704
TI  - Health and low-level radiation: turning good news into bad news.
AB  - This paper has a dual purpose. On the one hand, congratulations are in order; the
      25th Hanford Life Sciences Symposium celebrates four decades of important
      research at Hanford. This research has helped provide a better understanding of
      ionizing radiation effects on man and his environment. Researchers at Hanford and
      those at other locations can take pride in the fact that today we know more about
      the major characteristics and potential health effects of ionizing radiation than
      we do for any other biological hazard. Ionizing radiation's present mysteries,
      important as they are, involve subtleties that are difficult to explore in detail
      because the effects are so small relative to other health effects. It will also
      be a pleasure to add our tribute, along with many others, to Herb Parker, a
      friend, colleague, and pioneer in the radiation protection field. Building on the
      work of early pioneers such as Herb and those who have and will follow in their
      footsteps, we will develop an even broader understanding--an understanding that
      will clarify the effects of low-level radiation exposure, an area of knowledge
      about which sound explanations and predictions elude us today. The second purpose
      of this paper is to remind those in the radiation protection field that they have
      been less than successful in one of their most important tasks--that of effective
      communication. The task is not an easy one because the content of the message
      depends upon the dose. At high doses, above 1 Sv, where the deleterious effects
      of radiation are predictable, there is agreement on the message that must be
      delivered to the public: avoid it. There is no confusion in the public sector
      about this message. At the much lower doses resulting from beneficial activities,
      the message we must convey to the public is different. Unfortunately, the only
      message about radiation that the public seems to remember is "avoid it." We know
      the proper message is not being received when the medical profession resorts to
      using the term "magnetic resonance" in place of "nuclear magnetic resonance"
      because of public fear of the word "nuclear." We know there's a problem when the
      public cringes because of a lead story in the press detailing an incident where
      people were exposed to a few microgray and when the linear hypothesis is used to
      predict hundreds of thousands of cancers from Chernobyl-related doses well below
      0.01 Sv.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3410705
TI  - Radiation protection in the future: an insurer's viewpoint.
AB  - The profession of health physics has as its goal the protection of workers and
      the public from the harmful effects of ionizing radiation. On-the-job training
      used to be the major part of the young health physicist's professional
      development, and we can all name many respected pioneers still practicing
      radiation protection in its purest form. Health physicists of the future,
      however, will be required to build on that stable platform and move into a
      different arena--one in which their motives, programs and qualifications are
      constantly questioned in a much broader context. They will be required to defend
      their actions and themselves in the courtroom as well as the laboratory and the
      field. The need for certified health physicists will certainly increase
      dramatically in relation to the total number required just to get the job done.
      This comes at a time when colleges and universities are finding it increasingly
      difficult to obtain funding for their degree programs. Members of the profession
      must become aware of the changing times and expanding potential for litigation,
      because many health physicists will be involved in this new arena in one way or
      another.

PMID- 3410706
TI  - The impact of the probability of causation on the radiation protection program.
AB  - Although the probability of causation approach is the only scientific basis on
      which a given cancer can be judged to be causally related to a given exposure,
      the impact of this concept on the radiation safety program could be counter
      productive. As health physicists, the practices and the concepts we employ have
      been developed to protect the worker. Effective dose equivalent and committed
      dose equivalent are protective concepts but useless for probability of causation
      analysis. Perhaps extensive records will be the only way that good radiation
      protection and probability of causation analysis can coexist.

PMID- 3410707
TI  - The future of the de minimis concept.
AB  - How low is low enough? Is "close to zero? Does detectability define importance?
      These and similar questions are addressed in this paper, which considers the
      concept of a "practical zero" or de minimis level of radiation and the future
      applications of that concept. After defining the concept and some widely used
      terms and summarizing the current status of the de minimis approach, this article
      surveys the activities of standards-setting and regulatory bodies throughout the
      world and their possible future approaches to applying the de minimis concept.
      Applications include conventional disposal of very-low-level wastes, ocean
      dumping, decontamination and decommissioning guidelines, and truncation of as low
      as reasonably achievable and collective dose calculations. Implications in areas
      beyond low-level radiation control are also addressed. These areas include
      nuclear accident risks and the risks associated with use of hazardous materials.
      The application of the de minimis concept to risks of all types is discussed,
      with a particular emphasis on the risks of carcinogenesis. The paper also
      presents a summary of methods for quantitatively setting actual levels that are
      deemed de minimis in specific cases. Finally, the problems inherent in a de
      minimis approach are discussed and an attempt is made to predict future
      developments.

PMID- 3410708
TI  - Regulatory perceptions of the future: a view from the United States.
AB  - Herbert Parker, in his keynote address at the 1971 Health Physics Society Topical
      Symposium in Richland, WA, made an interesting comment which questioned whether
      the increasing number of radiation protection handbooks really contributed to
      solving the basic problems of radiation safety. He estimated that by the year
      1991 there should be at least 1897 radiation protection handbooks. The U.S.
      regulator, charged with the responsibility of assuring the protection of the
      worker, the public and the environment, must face this myriad of expert reports
      and derive from them radiation protection norms for implementation. Like his
      European counterpart, the regulator derives requirements based on standards and
      recommendations of national and international scientific authorities, such as the
      International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) and the National
      Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP). In recent years, the
      reports from these scientific authorities recommend changes ranging from simple
      to complex. The fundamental philosophy of the standards has slowly evolved from a
      consideration of the risk to individual organs to the consideration of the
      "total" risk to the whole body. This philosophy now appears to be evolving from
      one that considers the risk associated with radiation in comparison with other
      safe industries to one that balances the risk from radiation with other
      occupational sources of risk. Nonetheless, if the recommendations of scientific
      authorities were the only driving force behind the U.S. regulations, the life of
      the regulator would be relatively easy. Recommendations must be balanced with
      legal-social-political issues and the resources needed to implement the
      recommendations. Consideration must also be given to the technical ability to
      implement changes; for example, the adequacy of measurement technology. This
      paper will present a summary point of view on possible issues confronting the
      U.S. regulator's plans for the future.

PMID- 3410710
TI  - The probability that a specific cancer and a specified radiation exposure are
      causally related.
AB  - It is fundamental that a given cancer case cannot be attributed with absolute
      certainty to a prior ionizing radiation exposure, whatever the level of exposure.
      It is possible to estimate the probability of a causal relationship based on data
      and models that have been inferred from group statistics. Two types of
      information are needed to make these probability calculations: natural cancer
      incidence rates and risks of cancer induction from ionizing radiation. Cancer
      incidence rates for the United States are available in the report of the
      Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program of the National Cancer
      Institute. Estimates of the risk of cancer induction from ionizing radiation have
      been published by the Advisory Committee on the Biological Effects of Ionizing
      Radiation (BEIR) of the National Academy of Sciences, the United Nations
      Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR), and the
      International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). Using the parameters
      discussed above, the probability of causation formulation estimates the
      probability that a person who develops a particular cancer after a known
      quantifiable radiation exposure has the cancer as a result of the exposure. In
      1985, the National Institutes of Health, responding to a U.S. Congressional
      mandate, published radioepidemiologic tables using the probability-of-causation
      method.

PMID- 3410709
TI  - A view from Europe: stability, consistency or pragmatism.
AB  - The last few years of this decade look like a period of reappraisal of radiation
      protection standards. The revised risk estimates from Japan will be available,
      and the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation
      will be publishing new reports on biological topics. The International Commission
      on Radiological Protection (ICRP) has started a review of its basic
      recommendations, and the new specification for dose equivalent in radiation
      fields of the International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU)
      will be coming into use. All this is occurring at a time when some countries are
      still trying to catch up with committed dose equivalent and the recently
      recommended change in the value of the quality factor for neutrons. In Europe,
      the problems of adapting to new ICRP recommendations are considerable. The
      European Community, including 12 states and nine languages, takes ICRP
      recommendations as a basis and develops council directives that are binding on
      member states, which have then to arrange for their own regulatory changes. Any
      substantial adjustments could take 5 y or more to work through the system.
      Clearly, the regulatory preference is for stability. Equally clearly, trade
      unions and public interest groups favor a rapid response to scientific
      developments (provided that the change is downward). Organizations such as the
      ICRP have to balance their desire for internal consistency and intellectual
      purity against the practical problems of their clients in adjusting to change.
      This paper indicates some of the changes that might be necessary over the next
      few years and how, given a pragmatic approach, they might be accommodated in
      Europe without too much regulatory confusion.

PMID- 3410711
TI  - Skin carcinogenesis following uniform and nonuniform beta irradiation.
AB  - In practical situations where workers or the general public may be exposed to
      ionizing radiation, the resulting irradiation is rarely uniform. The risk figures
      and dose limits recommended by the International Commission on Radiological
      Protection (ICRP) are based largely on clinical and epidemiological studies of
      reasonably uniform irradiated organs. The paucity of clinical or experimental
      data for highly nonuniform exposures has prevented the ICRP from providing
      adequate recommendations applicable to this practical situation. This weakness
      has led on a number of occasions to the postulate that highly nonuniform
      exposures of organs, such as the lung or the skin, could be 100,000 times more
      carcinogenic than ICRP risk figures would predict. This so-called "hot-particle
      hypothesis" found little support among reputable radiobiologists, but could not
      be clearly and definitively refuted on the basis of experiment. An experiment
      design, based on skin tumour induction in mouse skin, is described which was
      developed to test the "hot-particle hypothesis." In collaboration with the
      Radiobiology Department of St. Bartholomew's Hospital Medical College, London,
      the skin of 1200 SAS/4 male mice has been exposed to a range of uniform and
      nonuniform sources of the beta emitter 170Th (Emax 1 MeV). Nonuniform exposures
      were produced using arrays of 32 or 8 2-mm-diameter sources distributed over the
      same 8-cm2 area as a uniform control source. Average skin doses varied from 2-100
      Gy. The results for the nonuniform sources show a 30% reduction in tumour
      incidence by the 32-point array at the lower mean doses compared with the
      response from uniform sources. The eight-point array showed an order-of-magnitude
      reduction in tumour incidence compared to uniform irradiation at low doses. These
      results, in direct contradiction to the "hot-particle hypothesis," indicate that
      nonuniform exposures produce significantly fewer tumours than uniform exposures.

PMID- 3410712
TI  - Implications of dose distribution on monitoring requirements in U mines and
      mills.
AB  - In U mines and mills, mean doses from gamma radiation and 222Rn daughters,
      respectively, range from 10-30% of the individual limits recommended by the
      International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), while the mean
      exposure to long-lived dust can be as low as a few percent or as high as 30% of
      the ICRP recommended limit. In certain mines, 220Rn daughters are present and
      should also be measured and accounted for. When the doses (or dose equivalents)
      from all the components of the radiation sources are taken into account,
      according to the ICRP notions of effective dose equivalent and committed
      effective dose equivalent, the mean of the combined doses can reach 30-50% of the
      combined permissible limit of dose. It is generally observed that individual
      doses and exposure to radiation are log-normally distributed. Since individual
      exposures to each specific hazard are generally not correlated, there is a
      probability that a number of individuals belong to the upper part of each
      exposure distribution. Therefore, it can happen that non-negligible fractions of
      the populations are liable to be close to the combined dose limit or to be
      overexposed. Consequently, in view of the observed nature of the distributions
      and the need to account for all sources of radiation, it is essential that
      appropriate radiation monitoring techniques be used to measure and record all
      significant doses and exposures. The analysis of the results of appropriate
      monitoring practices will lead to improved engineering controls of radiation
      hazards and optimum use of preventive resources.

PMID- 3410713
TI  - Impact on radiogenic cancer risk of persons exhibiting abnormal sensitivity to
      ionizing radiation.
AB  - Human genotypes are known "that confer both increased susceptibility or
      resistance to DNA damage and increased cancer risk after exposure to carcinogenic
      agents, including ionizing radiation" (NAS 1980). The existence of sensitive
      subgroups at elevated risk, if they are of appreciable size, could have
      significant impact on the actual distribution of risk. The radiosensitive
      disorder ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) serves as a good example: the significant
      "at risk" group, A-T heterozygotes, is estimated to comprise between 0.5% and 5%
      of the total population, and has a twofold elevated lifetime risk of fatal
      neoplasia. Other genetic syndromes that manifest abnormal radiosensitivity are
      also known, but no estimates are available for the population frequency of all
      such phenotypes, or for their overall degree of increased risk. As the first part
      of a program addressing these questions, we have developed a rapid and
      inexpensive assay for screening members of the general population for abnormal
      radiosensitivity; such persons would be regarded as at presumptive elevated risk
      of radiogenic cancer. Our method utilizes lymphoblastoid cell lines and chronic
      as opposed to acute gamma-ray exposure to amplify the difference between normal
      and somewhat sensitive strains. A simple "grow-back" assay assesses the survival
      response. Information on the extent of natural variation in inherited
      susceptibility to radiogenic cancers could be most useful for radiation
      protection in the future.

PMID- 3410714
TI  - Application of the ICRP recommendations to revised secondary radiation protection
      standards.
AB  - In 1977, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) issued
      Publication No. 26 containing its recommendations for major changes in the
      conceptual basis for radiation protection. The new recommendations consider total
      risk (to the whole body) instead of controlling (critical-organ) risk. Subsequent
      publications and explanatory statements most useful for providing clarification
      of the intent of the new recommendations have not resolved practical problems
      encountered in attempting to apply them to either occupational or public
      exposures. Some of the problems that still exist in applying these
      recommendations for estimating doses to members of the public include the
      following: allowance for age differences within an exposed population group,
      definition of 50-y dose versus lifetime (70-y) dose, definition of negligible
      risk levels for individual and collective doses, and derivation of appropriate
      concentration guidelines. The United States is in the process of adopting the
      revised recommendations of the ICRP. In addition to adopting versions of the
      primary radiation protection standards, both the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory
      Commission and the U.S. Department of Energy have developed draft secondary
      standards that are similar to the Derived Air Concentration values given by the
      ICRP. This paper presents a brief history of the development of these revised
      secondary standards, discusses their technical bases, provides a comparison of
      them, and discusses their limitations and potential misapplication.

PMID- 3410715
TI  - Metallothionein induction: a measure of radioprotective action.
AB  - Mice treated to induce metallothionein (MT) synthesis in the liver prior to
      irradiation were resistant to radiation; this also was true of mice that had a
      portion of skin surgically removed or an immunomodulator administered. Mice given
      Mn, Cd or Zn subcutaneously prior to irradiation showed increased tolerance to an
      LD50 level (6-8 Gy) of x rays compared with controls that received no
      pretreatments (p less than 0.01). All the mice were evaluated during a 30-d
      postirradiation period. Weight loss in control mice peaked two weeks after
      irradiation, whereas body weight in mice pretreated with Mn continued to increase
      after irradiation with x rays. The normal level of MT in mouse liver (25
      micrograms g-1 tissue) increased to 70 micrograms g-1 liver tissue in mice
      irradiated with 6.3-Gy x rays. However, following subcutaneous injection of Cd,
      Mn or Zn, or intraperitoneal injection of OK-432 (Picibanil, a killed
      streptococcal preparation, obtained from Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo,
      Japan), MT levels in liver increased by a factor of 2-8 compared to irradiated
      that were not treated with the reagents listed above. The mortality rate of mice
      with a surgically excised 2 X 2-cm2 portion of dorsal skin or of those
      administered OK-432 was lower than that of controls, and MT levels in liver (150
      400 micrograms g-1 tissue) were higher than those of irradiated mice that were
      not surgically treated. These results suggest that the body's protective action
      against radiation correlates with the biosynthesis of MT, or that MT acts as a
      scavenger of radiation-induced peroxides.

PMID- 3410716
TI  - Stochastic and nonstochastic concepts: is revision needed?
AB  - Stochastic effects of radiation, specifically cancers and hereditary defects,
      were defined in ICRP Publication 26 as having two constraints: No threshold in
      dose and no change in the severity of the induced effect with increasing dose.
      Nonstochastic effects were narrowly restricted to be the exact opposite, namely
      having a threshold and changing in severity with dose. Initially, these
      definitions seemed logical. It now appears, however, that no threshold may exist
      for the reduction of intelligence by irradiation of the fetal brain at critical
      ages. Otake et al. (in press) have shown, for Japanese A-bomb survivors
      irradiated at all fetal ages, that the average intelligence quotients decreased
      approximately linearly without threshold at 11 +/- 2 IQ points per Gy of fetal
      dose, based on either the T65D or the DS86 dosimetry systems. The decrease in
      intelligence quotient (IQ) was most severe in those irradiated at fetal ages of 8
      25 wk. There is good reason to suspect that additional "nonstochastic" effects,
      such as cataracts, impaired fertility, and growth retardation might have a
      nonthreshold component to their dose-response at least in highly susceptible
      individuals. It was formerly believed that stochastic effects could be limited to
      acceptable levels, while nonstochastic effects could be completely prevented.
      However, to prevent entirely the special class of nonstochastic effects that have
      no true threshold, zero dose would be required. Zero dose is an unrealistic limit
      that would prevent most of the beneficial uses of radiation. Therefore, the
      realistic goal of radiation protection should be to limit all radiation effects
      to acceptable levels.

PMID- 3410717
TI  - Examination of the uncertainty in air concentration predictions using Hanford
      field data.
AB  - The accuracy of an environmental transport model is best determined by comparing
      model predictions with environmental measurements made under conditions similar
      to those assumed by the model, a process commonly referred to as model
      validation. Over the past several years, we have done a variety of validation
      studies with the popular Gaussian plume atmospheric dispersion model using data
      from tests conducted on the Hanford site. Data for short-term releases of small
      particles for a range of release heights from surface level to 111 m have been
      used. Downwind distances examined have ranged from a few hundred meters to 12.8
      km, depending on the particular data used. Measured and predicted ground-level
      centerline, crosswind-integrated, and 22.5 degrees sector-averaged air
      concentrations have been compared. Up to six different sets of atmospheric
      dispersion parameters and three different atmospheric stability class
      specification schemes have been examined. Overall, dispersion parameters based on
      measurements made near Julich, Federal Republic of Germany, give the best
      comparisons between observed and predicted air concentrations. The commonly used
      vertical temperature gradient method for determining atmospheric stability class
      consistently gives poor results. The accuracy of air concentration predictions
      improves when dry deposition processes are included in the model. Further
      validation studies using various Hanford data sets are planned.

PMID- 3410718
TI  - Plutonium mining for cleanup.
AB  - Cleanup is the act of making a contaminated site relatively free of Pu so it may
      be used without radiological safety restrictions. Contaminated ground is the
      focus of major cleanups. Cleanup traditionally involves determining Pu content of
      soil, digging up soil in which radioactivity exceeds guidelines, and relocating
      excised soil to a waste-disposal site. Alternative technologies have been tested
      at Johnston Atoll (JA), where there is as much as 100,000 m3 of Pu-contaminated
      soil. A mining pilot plant operated for the first 6 mo of 1986 and made 98% of
      soil tested "clean", from more than 40 kBq kg-1 (1000 pCi g-1) to less than about
      500 Bq kg-1 (15 pCi g-1) by concentrating Pu in 2% of the soil. The pilot plant
      is now installed at the U.S. Department of Energy Nevada Test Site for evaluating
      cleanup of other contaminated soils and refining cleanup effectiveness. A full
      scale cleanup plant has been programmed for JA in 1988. In this paper, previous
      cleanups are reviewed, and the mining endeavor at JA is detailed. "True soil
      cleanup" is contrasted with the classical "soil relocation cleanup." The mining
      technology used for Pu cleanup has been in use for more than a century. Mining
      for cleanup, however, is unique. It is envisioned as being prominent for
      radiological and other cleanups in the future.

PMID- 3410719
TI  - Lung tumor response to inhaled Pu and its implications for radiation protection.
AB  - Multistage models of cancer induction have been accepted in chemical and
      radiation carcinogenesis for many years. Most models assume that both initiating
      and promoting events are required for greatest expression of tumor incidence. The
      sequence of events is important in determining the shape of the dose-response
      curve. A total of 1058 female, SPF, Wistar, sham-exposed rats and 2134 rats given
      a single inhalation to 169Yb, 239PuO2 are being studied for lung tumor formation
      in a life-span study. Histopathological analyses have been completed on 1149
      rats. Similar dose-response curves are seen for pulmonary fibrosis pulmonary
      metaplasia and lung tumor formation. Lung tumor incidences were: 0.6% (0 Gy),
      0.5% (0.06 Gy), 0% (0.11 Gy), 0% (0.23 Gy), 4.5% (0.46 Gy), 0% (0.84 Gy), 13.8%
      (1.9 Gy), 18.6% (3.5 Gy), 72.5% (7.4 Gy), and 84.9% (15 Gy). The dose lung-tumor
      curve was best fit by a quadratic function and was not well fit by a linear
      function. It is proposed that the low-dose portion of the quadratic curve
      represents promotion event(s) due to increasing 239PuO2 particle clustering in
      subpleural regions, leading to a cellular evolution of focally intense
      inflammation, fibrosis, epithelial metaplasia and carcinoma formation. A defined,
      practical threshold dose may be useful with respect to setting radiation
      protection guidelines for lung tumor induction.

PMID- 3410720
TI  - A radiation protection approach to assessing population risk for threshold-type
      radiobiological effects.
AB  - The potential harm to a population exposed to radiation from a nuclear accident,
      such as the one that recently occurred at the Chernobyl plant in the Soviet
      Union, is of concern to many individuals. The average dose to a population is a
      useful index of harm (IH) only for linear, nonthreshold-type, quantal (i.e., all
      or-none) effects. For such radiobiological effects, the expected harm to the
      population is linearly related to the average dose. However, for nonstochastic
      effects, it is not. An IH is proposed for threshold-type nonstochastic effects
      which is based on a form of the Weibull model where, at low to moderate doses,
      the individual risk at dose X = D/D50 is given by the approximation Risk =
      ln(2)XV; where D50 is the absorbed radiation dose that produces the specified
      effect in one-half the population, D is the absorbed radiation dose, and V is a
      positive parameter. The dose, X, is in units of the D50. Use of this form of the
      Weibull model is limited to doses such that X is small in comparison to 1. An IH
      for the population can be obtained by defining a new variable, P = XV, in
      dimensionless units, because the individual risk is linearly related to P at low
      and moderate doses. The average value for P (given by [P]) for an exposed
      population can be used as an IH for the population when the maximum value for P
      does not exceed 1. Both P and [P] can be regarded as theoretical doses. The
      average risk for the population in terms of the average dose [P] is given by
      ln(2)*[P], and the expected cases of nonstochastic effects among N individuals by
      N*ln(2)*[P]. As an example of the application of the average dose [P], the
      expected cases of temporary sterility in males among the approximately 135,000
      people evacuated within 30 km of the Chernobyl plant is calculated to be about
      200. The cases of sterility would be expected to come from those males exposed to
      doses to the testes of about 0.35 Gy or higher. No cases of sterility would be
      expected for individuals exposed to lower doses.

PMID- 3410721
TI  - The risk of leukemia in Seascale from radiation exposure.
AB  - An excess of leukemias in children has been observed between 1950 and 1980 in the
      village of Seascale (population about 3,000) which is situated approximately 3 km
      to the south of Sellafield nuclear fuel reprocessing plant in West Cumbria,
      England. Radiation doses from all the main sources of radiation exposure of the
      population and risks of radiation-induced leukemia have been calculated for
      children born and living in Seascale during the period of operation of the plant.
      For the Seascale study population of 1225 children and young persons, followed to
      age 20 y, or followed until 1980 for those born after 1960, 0.016 radiation
      induced leukemias are predicted from the Sellafield discharges. This corresponds
      to an average risk to children in the population of about one in 75,000. For the
      four fatal leukemias observed in the study population (0.5 expected from United
      Kingdom statistics) to be attributed to the operations at Sellafield, the average
      risk would have to be increased by a factor of about 250, to one in 300. Although
      there is some uncertainty about the releases from the plant and concentrations of
      radionuclides in environmental materials in the Sellafield area, particularly for
      the early years of its operation, the possibility that the doses calculated and
      the risk coefficients used for radiation-induced leukemia could be so
      substantially wrong is very unlikely. The number of radiation-induced leukemias
      from all radiation sources is calculated to be 0.1, which corresponds to a risk
      of about one in 12,250 for the average child in the study population. About two
      thirds of the risk is from natural radiation, 16% from the Sellafield discharges,
      and nuclear weapons fallout and medical exposure each contribute about 9%. The
      models used for calculating radiation doses from intakes of radionuclides were
      based upon those recommended by the International Commission on Radiological
      Protection (ICRP). This presented a number of difficulties in the assessment,
      which included the lack of any generally accepted age-related dosimetric models,
      particularly for bone-seeking radionuclides; limited information on gut transfer
      factors for radionuclides incorporated in foodstuffs; and no dosimetric models
      for the fetus. These and other problems identified in the analysis that require
      more information are discussed.

PMID- 3410722
TI  - The legacy of life-span dog studies.
AB  - Over the past 35 y, the U.S. Department of Energy and its predecessor agencies
      have sponsored studies using beagle dogs to determine the effects of radiation,
      administered in various forms, by various routes, at various levels of intensity,
      and in various patterns of exposure, with observations continuing for the life of
      the animal. These studies have been conducted at several laboratories; some are
      completed, others are still in progress. Taken as a whole, these studies
      constitute an experiment of potentially enormous significance to the more
      complete understanding of the biological effects of radiation.

PMID- 3410723
TI  - Training and needs of health visitors in the haemoglobinopathies.

PMID- 3410724
TI  - Nutrition in old age.

PMID- 3410725
TI  - Group and individual speech therapy for the pre-school child with delayed
      language.

PMID- 3410727
TI  - The Natural Medicines Society.

PMID- 3410726
TI  - Sickle cell anaemia and thalassaemia: symptoms, treatment and effects on
      lifestyle.

PMID- 3410729
TI  - What teenagers think about their health.

PMID- 3410728
TI  - Childhood cancer and the role of the school nurse. Part 1. Physical,
      psychological and social aspects of childhood cancer.

PMID- 3410730
TI  - An autopsy study of histopathological changes in the urinary bladder transitional
      epithelium of atomic bomb survivors, 1960-1983.

PMID- 3410731
TI  - Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in Izumo City and Shimane Prefecture of Japan.
      Seasonal variation.

PMID- 3410732
TI  - Study of abnormal formation of the aortic arch in rats: by methacrylate casts
      method and by immunohistochemistry for appearance and distribution of desmin,
      myosin and fibronectin in the tunica media.

PMID- 3410733
TI  - A study on the connected items of smoking habit in youth and its countermeasures.

PMID- 3410734
TI  - A method of in vivo simultaneous measurements of dopamine, serotonin and their
      metabolites using intracerebral microdialysis system.

PMID- 3410735
TI  - Fulminant viral hepatitis (type B) in the late stage of pregnancy showing an
      unusual pattern of serum antigen and antibody: report of a case.

PMID- 3410736
TI  - High-dose intravenous immunoglobulin for myasthenia gravis.

PMID- 3410737
TI  - Programmed cell death: cytochemical and X-ray microanalytical characterization of
      calcium compartments in neuromuscular junctions during the normal breakdown of
      the intersegmental muscles in the giant silkmoth Antheraea polyphemus.
AB  - Calcium stores were cytochemically demonstrated using a combined oxalate
      pyroantimonate method in the neuromuscular junctions of the degenerating
      intersegmental muscles in the giant silkmoth Antheraea polyphemus. The elemental
      composition of punctate precipitates of the reaction product was determined by
      electron probe X-ray microanalysis of unstained thin sections by energy
      dispersive spectrometry and wavelength-dispersive spectrometry. The wavelength
      dispersive spectra collected over terminal axons demonstrate a significant
      calcium signal and a trace of antimony. During the rapid lytic phase of
      spontaneous muscle degeneration, the calcium punctate deposits were detected in
      presynaptic terminals in the following sites: the synaptic vesicles and the
      mitochondria. Calcium precipitates were also found in the dense bodies and the
      mitochondria encountered in the glial convolutions. No calcium deposit was seen
      in the synaptic clefts and intercellular spaces of the subsynaptic reticulum of
      type I and type II. A comparison of calcium to antimony ratios between the
      terminal axons and the sarcoplasmic lysosomes revealed highly significant
      differences (P less than 0.001). Such a variability of the calcium to antimony
      ratio may be related to different conditions of precipitation or antimony
      diffusion in the different cell compartments. It was concluded that such synaptic
      terminals do not appear damaged in spite of the muscle degeneration and
      presumably continue to perform vital functions while the muscles are no longer
      contractile 20 h after adult ecdysis.

PMID- 3410739
TI  - Ultrastructural localization of Tamm-Horsfall protein in human kidney using
      immunogold electron microscopy.
AB  - The ultrastructural localization of Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP) was studied in
      paraformaldehyde-fixed human renal biopsies. Pre-embedding and post-embedding
      immunogold labelling techniques were developed utilizing a monoclonal antibody
      specific for human urinary THP. With the pre-embedding technique, membrane
      contrast was enhanced by osmification thus allowing precise localization of gold
      particles. Reasonable tissue penetration of antibodies was achieved without
      compromising ultrastructural detail. The hydrophilic resin LR White was used for
      post-embedding labelling to ensure maximum penetration of antibodies. However,
      sections had only mild osmification and consequently localization of label was
      less certain. Both labelling techniques gave similar results. THP was found to be
      associated with two renal cell types. Epithelial cells lining the thick ascending
      limb of Henle's loop had gold label closely associated with the whole cell
      plasmalemma, with some of these cells having an apparently random distribution of
      label throughout the cytoplasm. Only the luminal plasmalemma of epithelial cells
      lining distal convoluted tubules were found to be labelled. Basolateral membranes
      and the cytoplasm of these cells were negative. The use of a monoclonal antibody
      of defined specificity combined with the two immunolabelling procedures
      represents a precise reliable method for studying ultrastructural localization of
      THP in the human kidney.

PMID- 3410738
TI  - Lectin histochemistry of the mast cell: a light microscopical study.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine if human mast cell granules contain
      non-repeating oligosaccharide sequences. The binding of lectins to human mast
      cell granules was studied using a panel of 11 lectins variously selective for
      both N- and O-linked oligosaccharide sequences. The tissues were principally
      derived from cutaneous neurofibromata and benign and malignant breast diseases,
      that is, readily available human material with a known high content of mast
      cells. Lectin-binding sites in the formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded or resin
      embedded material was visualized by means of biotinylated lectins and an avidin
      peroxidase technique for light microscopy. The results indicate that human mast
      cell granules contain abundant N-linked sequences, but few or no O-linked
      residues. These sequences appear to be mostly in the form of non-bisected highly
      branched or smaller biantennate sequences, although variable positive binding
      with erythrophytohaemagglutinin was observed, indicating some degree of
      bisection.

PMID- 3410740
TI  - Detection of peroxisomes in human liver and kidney fixed with formalin and
      embedded in paraffin: the use of catalase and lipid beta-oxidation enzymes as
      immunocytochemical markers.
AB  - We describe the immunocytochemical localization of four peroxisomal enzymes by
      light microscopy in human liver and kidney processed routinely by formalin
      fixation and paraffin embedding. Monospecific antisera against catalase and three
      enzymes of peroxisomal lipid beta-oxidation (acyl-CoA oxidase, bifunctional
      protein (enoyl-CoA hydratase, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase) and 3-ketoacyl-CoA
      thiolase) were used in conjunction with either the indirect immunoperoxidase
      method or the protein A-gold technique followed by silver intensification. The
      sections of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue had to be deparaffinized and
      subjected to controlled proteolysis in order to obtain satisfactory
      immunostaining. Under the conditions employed, peroxisomes were distinctly
      visualized in liver parenchymal cells with no reaction in bile duct epithelial or
      sinusoidal lining cells. In the kidney, peroxisomes were confined to the proximal
      tubular epithelial cells with negative staining of glomeruli, distal tubules and
      collecting ducts. A positive immunocytochemical reaction was obtained even in
      paraffin blocks stored for several years. The method offers a simple approach for
      detection of peroxisomes and evaluation of their various enzyme proteins in
      material processed routinely in histopathology laboratories and should prove
      useful in the investigation of the role of peroxisomes in human pathology for
      both prospective and retrospective studies.

PMID- 3410741
TI  - Alcian blue staining of glycosaminoglycans in embryonic material: effect of
      different fixatives.
AB  - Glycosaminoglycans are important components of the extracellular matrix of
      developing embryos where they are found in the form of proteoglycans. Alcian Blue
      staining of tissue sections is the technique most commonly used for demonstrating
      their distribution. Glycosaminoglycans have a high solubility in water, and are
      easily lost from the tissue during processing, even if non-aqueous fixatives have
      been used. Formalin and Carnoy's fluid are the most frequently used fixatives,
      and the addition of cetyl pyridinium chloride has been recommended to reduce
      glycan solubility. Using sections of day-10 rat embryos containing developing
      head and heart (both known to be rich in glycosaminoglycans) the effects of ten
      fixatives have been investigated with and without cetyl pyridinium chloride on
      the preservation of Alcian Blue-stainable material (at pH 2.5) and tissue
      structure. The most useful fixatives were Karnovsky's and Sainte-Marie's. Both
      gave a strong and reproducible staining pattern of the extracellular polyanionic
      material. Sainte-Marie's gave better preservation of tissue structure, allowing
      the demonstration of cell-matrix interrelationships; Karnovsky's gave a better
      contrast between extracellular and intracellular staining, which is particularly
      useful at lower magnifications. Cetyl pyridinium chloride is a detergent.
      Transmission electron microscope observations showed that it causes cell membrane
      disruption and vesicle formation, which at the light microscopic level, would
      cause cell membrane-associated glycosaminoglycans to appear as stained strands
      wholly within the extracellular domain. Therefore the use of cetyl pyridinium
      chloride is inadvisable where a distinction between surface-related and
      extracellular glycosaminoglycans is desirable. It has the further disadvantage of
      enhancing cytoplasmic and nuclear polyanionic material, thus decreasing the
      differential staining intensity of intracellular and extracellular domains.

PMID- 3410742
TI  - The use of formvar films on both sides of a section to facilitate the selected
      surface technique for double immunostaining at the electron microscope level.

PMID- 3410744
TI  - Immunocytochemical localization of hepatic fatty acid binding protein in the
      liver of fed and fasted rats.
AB  - The immunocytochemical localization of fatty acid binding protein (FABP) of liver
      type was studied at light and electron microscopic levels by the peroxidase
      antiperoxidase (PAP) method using a specific polyclonal antibody against FABP in
      the liver of fed and fasted rats. In the liver of rats fed ad libitum, the
      intense immunoreactivity was confined to portions of the liver cell cytoplasm
      adjacent to the glycogen area. After 2-days' fasting, such a focal intracellular
      localization of the immunoreactivity was abolished, in association with the
      disappearance of the glycogen area, and was replaced by a diffuse distribution of
      the immunoreactivity throughout the cytoplasm, with higher intensity at the
      periphery of the cells. In liver cells exhibiting an overall hypertrophy of
      smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) induced by the treatment of fasted rats with
      phenobarbital, the peripheral localization of FABP immunoreactivity remained
      unchanged compared with that obtained in the case of fasting alone, and the
      immunoreactivity did not occur in association with the proliferated SER in the
      central cytoplasm. These results suggest that FABP, although cytosolic in nature,
      changes its localization within the liver cells in response to the general
      metabolic alterations caused by the starvation, inferring that FABP is intimately
      involved in the intracellular transport and metabolism of free fatty acids.

PMID- 3410743
TI  - In situ hybridization as a tool to study numerical chromosome aberrations in
      solid bladder tumors.
AB  - Methods for single- and double-target in situ hybridization (ISH) to, cells
      isolated from solid transitional cell carcinomas (TCC's) of the urinary bladder
      are described. Single cell suspensions were prepared from solid tumors of the
      urinary bladder by mechanical disaggregation and fixed in 70% ethanol. Using two
      DNA probes specific for the centromeres of chromosomes #1 and #18, ISH procedures
      were optimized for these samples. Human lymphocytes and cells from the T24
      bladder tumor cell line were used as controls. In lymphocyte nuclei and metaphase
      chromosome spreads, ISH showed two major spots for each of the probes. About 80%
      of the nuclei from T24 cells showed three spots for both the chromosome #1 and
      #18 specific probes. When nuclei from TCC's were analyzed, often the number of
      spots for chromosome #1, and to a lesser extent for chromosome #18, differed from
      the number expected on basis of flow cytometric ploidy measurements. The double
      target-ISH method in all cases allowed the correlation of numerical aberrations
      for chromosomes #1 and #18 in one and the same cell. By such analyses a profound
      heterogeneity in chromosome number was detected in most tumors. In order to
      optimize the reproducibility of the method and the interpretation of the ISH
      signals, criteria for their analysis have been determined. This procedure can now
      be applied on a routine basis to solid tumor specimens.

PMID- 3410746
TI  - Localization of acid phosphatase in lamellar bodies of tannic acid treated
      alveolar type II cells.
AB  - Acid phosphatase was demonstrated in well preserved lamellar bodies of rats'
      alveolar type II cells. The highly ordered lamellar organization was preserved by
      using tannic acid in the tissue procession protocol. Acid phosphatase reaction
      products were observed in the amorphous regions of the lamellar bodies adjacent
      to the limiting membranes and in the central core regions. No reaction product
      was observed in the lamellar areas. 85% +/- 5% of the lamellar bodies were
      positively reactive, unrelated to their size. Multivesicular bodies were only
      partially reactive (approx. 50%), except for those attached to lamellar bodies
      which all had reaction product.

PMID- 3410745
TI  - The renin-angiotensin system in the rat brain. Immunocytochemical localization of
      angiotensinogen in glial cells and neurons.
AB  - The distribution of angiotensinogen containing cells was determined in the brain
      of rats using immunocytochemistry. Specific angiotensinogen immunoreactivity is
      demonstrated both in glial cells and neurons throughout the brain, except the
      neocortical and cerebellar territories. Positive neurons are easily and
      invariably detected in female brains, and haphazardly in male brain (sex hormone
      dependent). Angiotensinogen immunoreactivity in male brain neurons can be induced
      by water deprivation or binephrectomy in some areas and particularly in
      paraventricular nuclei. Finally, the highest concentrations of positive neurons
      are found in the anterior and lateral hypothalamus, preoptic area, amygdala and
      some well known nuclei of the mesencephalon and the brainstem. Our results
      confirm the wide distribution of angiotensinogen mRNA in the brain reported
      recently by Lynch et al. (1987). Thus the demonstration of angiotensinogen in
      neurons and glial cells allows a greater understanding of the biochemical and
      physiological data in accordance with multiple brain renin angiotensin systems.

PMID- 3410747
TI  - Influence of cetylpyridinium chloride on the ultrastructural appearance of
      sulphated glycosaminoglycans in human colonic mucosa.
AB  - The effect of adding cetylpyridinium chloride to the fixative on the preservation
      of sulphated glycosaminoglycans (SGs) was studied in human normal colonic mucosa.
      SGs were visualized at the ultrastructural level through the application of
      Spicer's High Iron Diamine (HID) technique followed by a post-fixation with
      potassium ferrocyanide-reduced osmium tetroxide. SGs were mainly localized in
      basement membranes of epithelium and capillary wall and along collagen fibers.
      The morphology of the reactive sites depended on the presence of cetylpyridinium
      chloride, SGs being granular in absence of the salt and more or less elongated
      when cetylpyridinium chloride was added to the fixative. We suggest that the use
      of cetylpyridinium chloride during fixation may help to preserve SG molecule at
      the ultrastructural level.

PMID- 3410749
TI  - [Are lateral neck cysts true derivatives of cervical lymph nodes?].
AB  - For decades the origin of the branchial cyst has been attributed to an abnormal
      involution of derivatives of the second branchial cleft. More recently the cyst
      has been thought to be the result of tonsillitis and lymphadenitis, stimulating a
      lymphatic spread of squamous epithelium from the tonsil to the regional lymph
      nodes. We reviewed the histopathologic reports of 81 branchial cysts and 19
      fistulas and re-examined 30 cysts and 5 fistulas by light microscopy.
      Similarities of morphological features between the epithelium of tonsillar crypts
      and of the branchial cysts were striking and emphasize the close relationship of
      the tonsils (2nd branchial pouch) to branchial cysts and fistulas. These
      observations and a review of the literature support the well-known branchiogenic
      origin of branchial cysts.

PMID- 3410748
TI  - Immunohistochemical localization of insulin-like growth factor I in the adult
      rat.
AB  - Rabbit antisera against native human insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I;
      somatomedin C) or a synthetic tetradecapeptide, representing the carboxyterminal
      amino acids 57-70 of human IGF-I, were used to map immunohistochemically the
      distribution of IGF-I immunoreactive material in adult rats. Both antisera were
      specific for IGF-I, as characterized by immunoabsorption, immunoblotting and
      radioimmunoassay. There was no cross-reactivity to IGF-II, relaxin or pro
      insulin; substances having a high degree of structural homology with IGF-I. High
      IGF-I immunoreactivity was observed in spermatocytes of the testis; in oocytes,
      granulosa and theca interna cells of the ovary during early stages of follicle
      development; in some lymphocytes and in reticular cells of lymphoid and
      hematopoietic organs; in salivary gland duct cells; in the adrenal medulla, the
      parathyroid gland and the Langerhans' islets. Chondrocytes in the epiphyseal and
      rib growth plates and at articular surfaces showed strong IGF-I immunoreactivity.
      Brown but not white fat cells were stained. Nerve cells in the peripheral and
      autonomic nervous system showed faint to intense IGF-I immunoreactivity. In
      contrast, neurons and neuroglial cells in the central nervous system were
      generally negative; motor neurons being an exception. Erythropoietic,
      thrombocytopoietic and myeloic cells in the bone marrow showed IGF-I
      immunoreactivity, but only at defined developmental stages. Hepatocytes showed
      faint IGF-I immunoreactivity, but became more intensely stained after
      pretreatment with colchicine. The present results suggest that IGF-I is
      synthetized by cells in several tissues and organs in the adult rat. There was an
      apparent association between the localization of IGF-I and cell
      differentiation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3410751
TI  - [Report of experiences (1974-1986) in classification and site distribution of
      malignant tumors of the organs of the inner nose and paranasal sinuses. A
      retrospective review of over 1,296 cases].
AB  - The 4th edition of the UICC classification of the TNM system came into force on
      1st January 1987. New rules have been established for the classification of
      maxillary sinus tumors. We have compared these to the classification system used
      by the AO/HNO for all the sinuses and the nose. From a review of the world
      literature and analysis of 1296 patients registered in the years 1974 to 1986, it
      became clear that less than 60% of all malignant tumors of the nasal cavity and
      sinuses are primarily located in the maxillary sinuses. Furthermore, the primary
      site is often hard to define because of the high rate of T3 and T4 tumors
      (approx. 70%).

PMID- 3410750
TI  - [Nasopharyngeal cancer in childhood].
AB  - A retrospective study of 24 children suffering from nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC)
      during the years 1974-1983 is reported. The diagnosis was delayed because of the
      primary tumor site and difficulty in examination. Cervical lymph node enlargement
      (83.3%) was the commonest presenting symptom. The diagnosis was usually confirmed
      by cervical lymph node biopsy. Boys were affected 1.6 times more frequently than
      girls. In all, 91% of our cases had an anaplastic carcinoma, and 70% were in
      stage T3 or T4. Supplementation of radiotherapy by intensive chemotherapy even
      for stages T1 and T2 improves the survival. Survival is decreased by cervical
      lymph node metastases.

PMID- 3410752
TI  - [Paraneoplastic acrokeratosis: Bazex disease. A tumor-specific dermatosis in
      squamous cell cancers in the area of the head and neck].
AB  - Bazex syndrome is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome with characteristic acral
      hyperkeratosis, seen only in men with either carcinoma of or metastases to the
      head and neck. The author describes a case of Bazex syndrome in which recognition
      of the hyperkeratosis led to diagnosis and treatment of the underlying tumour.

PMID- 3410753
TI  - [Improved diagnosis of laryngeal lipoma by computerized tomography].
AB  - Isolated lipomas of the larynx are rare. This condition can be difficult to
      differentiate from other benign lesions such as retention cysts, or
      laryngocoeles. However, the CT scan achieves a considerable improvement in the
      pre-operative diagnosis. Fat tissue shows a typical uniform low attenuation value
      on the CT scan and is the only soft tissue with a density less than water (zero
      Hounsfield units) that can be imaged. Therefore, CT not only reveals the extent
      of the tumor, but also establishes the lipomatous nature of the tumor with a high
      degree of probability. We report one case of an intrinsic laryngeal lipoma.

PMID- 3410754
TI  - [When should removed adenoids be studied histologically?].
AB  - Two children with nasopharyngeal rhabdomyosarcoma are used to discuss the
      relevance of the histopathological investigation of adenoid tissue.
      Histopathological investigation should only be omitted if there is complete
      agreement between symptoms, intra-operative findings and macroscopic findings.
      Histopathology is advised for very large adenoids, alteration of consistency and
      in older children or young adolescents.

PMID- 3410755
TI  - [Supplement to new and changes guidelines for the TNM system in the area of the
      head and neck].

PMID- 3410756
TI  - [The significance of the external ear for spatial hearing in man from the point
      of view of the engineer-scientist].
AB  - In this paper the function of the external ear is investigated from the point of
      view of an acoustic engineer. After some basic considerations the "external ear
      transfer functions" which determine the spatial hearing are discussed. These
      functions may be split into two parts, one depending on the direction of sound,
      the other independent of it. A physical interpretation is possible. Finally the
      two most important applications are represented: the head-related stereophony
      ("dummy head") and the "binaural mixing console".

PMID- 3410757
TI  - [Histological study of the binding of Polycel and Ceravital implants to the
      stapes footplate in rabbits].
AB  - Five Polycel and five Ceravital implants were interposed between the stapedial
      footplate and the tympanic membrane in 10 rabbits. Four to 7 months later the
      connection of the prostheses to the stapes was histologically examined by
      temporal bone sections. The union of both types of prostheses to the stapedial
      footplate was achieved by remnants of crura, middle ear mucosa and connective
      tissue. Histology revealed a more stable connection of the Polycel prosthesis to
      the stapedial footplate.

PMID- 3410758
TI  - [The effect of the configuration of the thyroid cartilage on the asymmetry of the
      dorsal glottis and its significance for vocal function].
AB  - We investigated the effect of thyroid cartilage asymmetry on the posterior
      glottis. 1. Patients with vocal disorders showing "crossing" of the arytenoid
      cartilages underwent phoniatric and logopedic investigation as well as CT scan of
      the larynx in the horizontal plane. The shape of the thyroid cartilage and its
      relation to the other laryngeal structures were measured and analysed
      quantitatively. 2. Laryngeal serial sections in the horizontal plane were made
      and analysed in the same way. 3. Experiments were done in which the configuration
      of the thyroid cartilage was varied and the muscular influences were stimulated
      to produce typical anomalies of the posterior glottis. These investigations
      showed that there is a correlation between the configuration of the supraglottic
      thyroid cartilage and anomalies of the posterior glottis. Irregular growth of the
      thyroid cartilage causes different positions of the aryepiglottic folds with
      different positions of the corniculate cartilage during phonation. The shape of
      the anomaly described by us correlated in all cases with reduced vocal ability.
      It can now be assessed by CT.

PMID- 3410759
TI  - [Malformations of the first branchial cleft and facial nerve].
AB  - First branchial cleft anomalies are a rare but interesting group of congenital
      anomalies of the neck. They produce a great variety of clinical manifestations
      and have a close relationship with the facial nerve and the auditory canal.
      Surgery is the only effective treatment of these anomalies and complete surgical
      removal must be achieved to avoid recurrence. Our experience with 1 11 cases
      operated on in the last 9 years in our clinic is presented in this paper. The
      relationship of the facial nerve with the congenital anomaly is emphasized.

PMID- 3410760
TI  - [Peripheral neurinoma of the hypoglossal nerve].
AB  - Neurinomas of the hypoglossal nerve are rarely reported. In most cases these
      tumors are intracranial or sited at the skull base. Only a few solitary
      neurinomas of the twelfth cranial nerve have been reported. In most of these
      cases the tumors arose from the descending part of the nerve in the
      parapharyngeal space. We report the first neurinoma recorded arising from the
      submandibular course of the hypoglossal nerve.

PMID- 3410762
TI  - Sibling response to chronic illness: the role of the clinical nurse specialist.

PMID- 3410761
TI  - Impact on families caring for an infant with apnea.

PMID- 3410763
TI  - A dose of Camp Dost: meeting the psychosocial needs of children with cancer.

PMID- 3410764
TI  - Perspective in parental coping with a chronically ill child: the case of cystic
      fibrosis.

PMID- 3410765
TI  - Adolescent rape: the role of nursing.

PMID- 3410766
TI  - Proceedings of the American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, 30th
      annual meeting. October 9-14, 1988, New Orleans, Louisiana. Abstracts.

PMID- 3410768
TI  - Sale of a veterinary practice.

PMID- 3410767
TI  - Comments on a "Bacillus" that is not a bacillus.

PMID- 3410769
TI  - Tick paralysis.

PMID- 3410770
TI  - Correlation of field strain exposure with new cases of brucellosis in six beef
      herds vaccinated with strain 19.
AB  - Three hundred sixty cattle at risk in 6 beef herds known to include cows infected
      with Brucella abortus field strains were vaccinated with 3 x 10(9) colony-forming
      units of strain 19. Field strain exposure after vaccination was estimated by the
      number of cows with brucellosis that calved or aborted in the herd. As the number
      of exposures increased, the number of cows developing brucellosis increased, and
      19 exposures in the 6 herds resulted in 9 new cases. The ratio of exposures to
      new cases varied from 1.0 to 2.0 in the 4 herds with new cases, whereas 2 herds
      with 1 and 3 exposures, respectively, did not have new cases of brucellosis. The
      correlation coefficient between the number of exposures and the number of new
      cases was 0.85, and the coefficient of determination suggested that 73% of the
      variation in new cases could be explained by the number of exposures in strain 19
      vaccinated herds.

PMID- 3410771
TI  - Epidemiologic survey of diarrhea in foals.
AB  - Epidemiologic and etiologic data about diarrhea in foals were collected under a
      planned prospective recording and monitoring study. The survey and monitoring
      procedures included a survey to obtain an overview of current horse management
      practices on participating farms, a daily health record survey to obtain
      information on mares and their foals, and collection of feces from 19 of 144
      diarrheic foals and 10 age-matched nondiarrheic foals for electron microscopy,
      ELISA for rotavirus, and bacteriologic culture. Coronavirus was detected in the
      feces of diarrheic as well as clinically normal foals. Rotavirus was detected in
      the feces of diarrheic foals only. With regard to agents found in the feces,
      there was no significant (P less than 0.05) difference between diarrheic and
      nondiarrheic foals. Half of the 297 foals on which data were available developed
      diarrhea. Most foals that developed diarrhea lacked other clinical manifestations
      of disease. Basic cleanliness at foaling was associated with a lower percentage
      of foals developing diarrhea. Prophylactic use of antibiotics and vitamins in
      newborn foals was associated with a higher percentage of foals developing
      diarrhea. A higher percentage of foals born to visiting mares developed diarrhea,
      compared with foals born to resident mares.

PMID- 3410772
TI  - Protothecosis in two cats.
AB  - Protothecosis was diagnosed in 2 cats from Florida with nodular skin lesions.
      Microscopically, lesions were composed of macrophages and multinucleated giant
      cells arranged in solid sheets in the dermis and subcutis. In both cats,
      characteristic algal endospores identified as Prototheca wickerhamii were
      observed within the cytoplasm of infiltrating cells.

PMID- 3410773
TI  - Neuroaxonal dystrophy in a rottweiler pup.
AB  - An 8-month-old Rottweiler pup was evaluated for neurologic disorder. Clinical
      signs included ataxia, hypermetria of all 4 limbs, intention tremors of the head,
      lack of a menace reflex bilaterally, and mild proprioceptive deficits. The pup
      was euthanatized because of the progressive nature of the disease.
      Histopathologic findings consisted of decreased numbers of Purkinje cells in the
      cerebellum and moderate numbers of axonal spheroids in the nucleus cuneatus. This
      latter finding confirmed the diagnosis of neuroaxonal dystrophy.

PMID- 3410774
TI  - Tuberculosis in five basset hounds.
AB  - Five Basset Hounds (2 females and 3 males) under the age of 5 years, acquired
      systemic tuberculosis. We suspected tuberculosis in one dog, because it had
      histologic lesions similar to those in 4 dogs in which bacteria were identified
      as Mycobacterium avium complex. A review of canine tuberculosis revealed a
      similar diagnosis in a Basset Hound. The association of this infection in Basset
      Hounds suggests an inherited immunologic defect. Results of our survey suggest
      that the defect might exist in cell-mediated immunity.

PMID- 3410775
TI  - Use of an aiming device for application of a type-II (bilateral) external fixator
      to a fractured tibia of a dog.
AB  - An aiming device was used to guide insertion of fixation pins in a type-II
      (bilateral) external fixator stabilizing an open canine tibial fracture. This
      device, designed by the Swiss AO group, has multiple applications in orthopedic
      surgery, because it accurately locates the exit point of a pin or drill hole on
      the far side of a bone or fractured bone fragment. When used with the type-II
      external fixator, it greatly facilitates pin placement by ensuring that, as a pin
      emerges from the bone, it is in line with the second clamp on the opposite
      connecting bar.

PMID- 3410776
TI  - Nonsurgical management of ruptured urinary bladder in a critically ill foal.
AB  - A small tear in the urinary bladder of a severely debilitated 4-day-old foal was
      managed with an indwelling urinary catheter connected to a urine collecting
      system. Fluid therapy, parenteral nutrition, and antimicrobial agents were used
      during the initial management of the ruptured bladder. Aseptic technique for
      catheter care and systemic administration of antimicrobial agents prevented the
      development of bacterial cystitis. Catheter management required constant
      monitoring, but the bladder defect was sealed within 5 days. Fungal arthritis
      caused by Candida tropicalis, immune-mediated anemia, diarrhea, constipation,
      venous thrombosis, and pneumonia were observed during 43 days of hospitalization.
      Although the foal died at 3 months of age, serum creatinine concentration and
      electrolyte values remained within normal limits during the 3-month period.

PMID- 3410778
TI  - Propagation of a dorsal cortical fracture of the third metacarpal bone in two
      horses.
AB  - Seemingly, propagation of a dorsal cortical fracture in the third metacarpal bone
      developed after continued race performance in 2 horses. Historically, both horses
      had intermittent lameness that had responded to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory
      drugs and brief rest periods. However, lameness in both horses had increased in
      severity. Radiography revealed a dorsal cortical fracture of the third metacarpal
      bone, with propagation of the fracture plane proximally. Fractures were
      incomplete and healed with stall rest in both horses.

PMID- 3410777
TI  - Use of a narcotic antagonist (nalmefene) to suppress self-mutilative behavior in
      a stallion.
AB  - Nalmefene, an opioid antagonist, caused a decrease in self-mutilative behavior in
      a 500-kg stallion. Self-mutilative attempts were counted during a control period
      and on 4 subsequent occasions after the IM administration of 100 mg, 200 mg, 400
      mg, or 800 mg of nalmefene. The frequency of self-mutilation decreased with
      increasing doses of nalmefene and was virtually abolished with the 800-mg dose.

PMID- 3410780
TI  - Familial allergic rhinitis in cattle.
AB  - A group of Angus X Holstein cattle were determined to have allergic rhinitis.
      Clinical signs included nasal discharge, tearing, sneezing, and nasal pruritus.
      The diagnosis was made on the basis of intradermal skin testing of affected and
      clinically normal cattle. The affected cattle had positive test results to
      various tree, grass, weed, and mold allergens. The clinical signs and seasonal
      occurrence were similar to those features for allergic rhinitis in man. Breeding
      data indicated an inherited mode of transmission, although only females were
      affected.

PMID- 3410779
TI  - Progressive ataxia in a Charolais bull.
AB  - A 20-month-old Charolais bull was referred for evaluation of progressive hind
      limb ataxia. Clinical findings suggested a neuroanatomic lesion caudal to T2.
      Postmortem histologic examination revealed multifocal, acellular, pale,
      eosinophilic plaques throughout the cerebellum, which were diagnostic for the
      disease progressive ataxia of Charolais cattle. This disease is presumed to have
      a hereditary transmission and is not commonly recognized in the United States.

PMID- 3410781
TI  - Echocardiographic evaluation of cardiac tamponade in dogs before and after
      pericardiocentesis: four cases (1984-1986).
AB  - The echocardiographic (M-mode and 2-dimensional) features (before and after
      pericardiocentesis) of 4 dogs with pericardial effusion and clinical evidence of
      cardiac tamponade were reviewed. M-Mode echocardiography revealed pericardial
      effusion, with exaggerated swinging motion of the heart and abnormal septal
      motion in all 4 dogs. In each case, 2-dimensional echocardiography demonstrated
      right ventricular diastolic free-wall collapse. Three dogs had right atrial
      diastolic collapse as well. Clinical signs improved, and right ventricular and
      right atrial diastolic collapse subsided after pericardiocentesis. Two
      dimensional echocardiographic features of right atrial and ventricular collapse
      were used as indicators for determining the presence of cardiac tamponade.

PMID- 3410782
TI  - Radiographic features of canine hyperadrenocorticism caused by autonomously
      functioning adrenocortical tumors: 23 cases (1978-1986).
AB  - Radiographic features of 23 dogs with functioning adrenocortical tumors are
      described. In 56% of the dogs, radiographic detection of adrenomegaly, with or
      without calcification, was an aid in the diagnosis of adrenocortical neoplasia.
      Adrenal gland calcification did not distinguish adrenocortical adenoma from
      carcinoma.

PMID- 3410783
TI  - Bilateral inguinal herniation in a foal.

PMID- 3410784
TI  - Collecting swine blood samples.

PMID- 3410785
TI  - Poses question on ethics.

PMID- 3410786
TI  - Understanding client resistance.

PMID- 3410787
TI  - A survey on the question of how well veterinarians are prepared to predict their
      client's human-animal bond.
AB  - In a survey of 63 military veterinary facilities, actual responses from 961
      clients were compared with 86 servicing US Army Veterinary Corps practitioners'
      predictions of the clients' responses. The survey questions were designed to
      evaluate the degree of human-animal bonding of the military clients. The survey
      revealed that the effects of human-animal interaction on community, family, and
      animal health have extensive impact on the military member, the military
      installation, and the military health care delivery system. Results revealed
      sociologic and psychologic factors that influenced the quality of life of mobile
      military members and their families. The survey also revealed that although the
      newly graduated veterinarians understood the professional and scientific values
      of their clients, they often underestimated the social interdependence between
      client and pet. The military veterinarians in this survey were considered to be
      representative of the new graduate, and the results are relevant to any civilian
      practitioner concerned with client relations or hiring new graduates.

PMID- 3410788
TI  - Efficacy of clindamycin in the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis
      in dogs.
AB  - The efficacy of clindamycin in the treatment of experimentally induced,
      posttraumatic Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis was studied in dogs. At the end
      of the experiment, bacteria could not be isolated from bone marrow of 15 of 16
      (93.7%) dogs treated with clindamycin, whereas bacteria could not be isolated
      from similar specimens obtained from 6 of 13 (46.1%) untreated dogs. None of the
      16 dogs treated with clindamycin had histopathologic evidence of osteomyelitis at
      the end of the experiment. Five of the 13 untreated control dogs had
      histopathologic evidence of osteomyelitis. The recovery rate was 31% in untreated
      dogs, whereas 94% of dogs treated with clindamycin recovered from osteomyelitis.
      Clindamycin, 11 mg/kg of body weight, given orally, q 12 h, for 28 days, was
      efficacious in the treatment of experimentally induced, posttraumatic S aureus
      osteomyelitis in dogs.

PMID- 3410789
TI  - Reassessment of cytologic values in canine cerebrospinal fluid by use of
      cytocentrifugation.
AB  - Using cytocentrifugation, nearly one fourth of canine cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
      samples with cell counts in the normal range had abnormalities in cell type or
      morphologic features. Cerebrospinal fluid samples from 145 dogs with neurologic
      disorders were evaluated by use of this method. These results indicate that low
      hemacytometer counts in canine CSF should not be interpreted as normal. By
      increasing the detection of abnormalities in CSF, cytocentrifugation might
      improve diagnosis and treatment of canine neurologic disease.

PMID- 3410790
TI  - Increasing halothane concentration abolishes anesthesia-associated arrhythmias in
      cats and dogs.
AB  - Fifteen cats and 6 dogs developed ventricular arrhythmias during halothane
      anesthesia. Halothane was administered by precision vaporizer, using a semiclosed
      anesthetic system. Cardiac arrhythmias were diagnosed within 5 to 10 minutes
      after a surgical plane of anesthesia was achieved. Arrhythmias in 9 of 15 cats
      and 3 of 6 dogs were converted to sinus rhythm by increasing the inspired
      halothane concentration. Conversion to sinus rhythm occurred within 4 minutes.
      Cardiac arrhythmias were reestablished in 8 of 9 cats and 2 of 3 dogs, after
      decreasing the inspired halothane concentration to its original value. Increasing
      the inspired halothane concentration can convert anesthetic-associated
      ventricular arrhythmias to sinus rhythm in dogs and cats.

PMID- 3410792
TI  - Limited efficacy of levamisole against adults of Dirofilaria immitis in a dog.
AB  - A dog with chronic dirofilariasis (Dirofilaria immitis) was given 15 doses of 12
      or 24 mg of levamisole/kg of body weight in 6 treatments within 96 days.
      Concentration of microfilariae in the blood was determined before and after
      treatment, and Aedes triseriatus mosquitoes were fed on the dog 1 to 5 days after
      each treatment and examined for D immitis larvae. Several adult worms were
      recovered from the dog 160 days after the end of the treatments.

PMID- 3410791
TI  - Lymphocytic-plasmacytic enteritis associated with bacterial overgrowth in a dog.
AB  - Lymphocytic-plasmacytic enteritis, associated with small intestinal bacterial
      overgrowth, was diagnosed in a 3.5-year-old German Shepherd Dog with chronic
      intermittent diarrhea, using bacteriologic culture of duodenal juice and
      histologic examination of jejunal biopsy specimens. Oral administration of
      oxytetracycline alone resulted in clinical improvement and a marked decrease in
      the jejunal mononuclear cell infiltrate. Additional treatment with prednisolone
      administered orally resulted in almost complete clinical and histologic recovery.
      This case illustrates that small intestinal bacterial overgrowth may have to be
      considered as an underlying cause of lymphocytic-plasmacytic enteritis in the dog
      and that antibiotic treatment may be necessary to attain remission.

PMID- 3410793
TI  - Neurologic manifestations associated with hypothyroidism in four dogs.
AB  - Hypothyroidism was believed responsible for peripheral and central neurologic
      abnormalities in 4 dogs. Clinical signs consisted of abnormalities of gait and
      postural reactions and dysfunction of multiple cranial nerves in all 4 dogs.
      Circling, hypermetria, and spontaneous verticle nystagmus were observed in some
      of the dogs. Hypothyroidism was diagnosed in all 4 dogs on the basis of low
      resting serum thyroxine concentration and inadequate response to thyroid
      stimulating hormone. After thyroid hormone supplementation, resolution of
      neurologic abnormalities was complete in 2 dogs and partial in the other 2 dogs.

PMID- 3410794
TI  - Colliculus seminalis as a cause of a urethral filling defect in two dogs with
      Sertoli cell testicular neoplasms.
AB  - A urethral filling defect in the proximal portion of the pelvic urethra,
      suggestive of a mass, was detected by positive-contrast retrograde urethrography
      in 2 dogs with prostatic disease and Sertoli cell neoplasms. Extension of
      prostatic neoplasia into the urethra or primary urethral neoplasia were
      considered as explanations for the radiographic finding of an intraluminal
      filling defect in the pelvic urethra. Masses were visualized and biopsied during
      prostatic surgery. Masses were nonneoplastic and represented enlargement of the
      colliculus seminalis.

PMID- 3410796
TI  - Abstracts of scientific papers and poster presentations, 125th annual AVMA
      meeting. Portland, Ore., July 17-26, 1988.

PMID- 3410795
TI  - Babesiosis in a litter of pups.
AB  - Babesia canis infection was diagnosed in a litter of seven 3-week-old Mastiff
      pups kept in a north Florida kennel. The pups were evaluated because of poor
      weight gain; the smallest pup also was markedly lethargic. Six of the pups were
      anemic and thrombocytopenic. A positive linear correlation between PCV and
      absolute reticulocyte count suggested that the variation in PCV may have been
      related more to the ability of a pup to increase erythrocyte production than to a
      difference in magnitude of erythrocyte destruction. All pups recovered from
      clinical signs and hematologic abnormalities attributable to babesiosis within
      2.5 weeks after treatment with diminazene aceturate. Transient neurologic signs
      observed in 1 pup 3 days after treatment were believed to represent an adverse
      drug reaction. The dam of the litter had a serum titer of 1:640 for B canis, but
      appeared healthy, as did approximately 30 other adult dog in the kennel. The
      strain of B canis infecting dogs in the kennel caused severe illness and death in
      some pups, but clinically inapparent disease in adult dogs.

PMID- 3410797
TI  - Abstracts: annual meeting of the American Society of Animal Science.

PMID- 3410798
TI  - Breakpoints in in-vitro antibiotic sensitivity testing. Report by a working party
      of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy.

PMID- 3410799
TI  - Activity and mechanism of action of DuP 105 and DuP 721, new oxazolidinone
      compounds.
AB  - The in-vitro activities of DuP 721 and DuP 105, new oxazolidinone antibacterials,
      were compared with those of cefazolin, cephalexin, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin,
      oxacillin, penicillin, and vancomycin against Gram-positive cocci. DuP 721 was
      approximately four-fold more active than DuP 105 with an MIC of 2.0 mg/l for 90%
      of the Staphylococcus aureus, beta-haemolytic streptococcus and Streptococcus
      faecalis strains tested, and an MIC of 4.0 mg/l for 90% of the Str. faecium,
      penicillin-resistant Str. pneumoniae and viridans streptococcus strains tested.
      DuP 105 was most active against strains of Staph. epidermidis with an MIC of 4.0
      mg/l for 90% of the strains tested. There was no cross resistance between these
      and the other antibacterial agents that were tested. Both oxazolidinones had
      bacteriostatic activity in broth against susceptible organisms. Both DuP 721 and
      DuP 105 inhibited ribosomal protein synthesis in a cell-free system. These
      synthetic, orally absorbable compounds represent a new series of antibacterial
      agents unrelated by chemical structure to any other currently available
      antimicrobial agents.

PMID- 3410800
TI  - Uptake of erythromycin by McCoy and HEp2 cells: its dependence on cellular pH
      gradients.
AB  - The accumulation of erythromycin, a weak lipophilic base, was studied in two
      mammalian cell lines. Uptake was similar in both cell types, being highly pH
      dependent and not saturated even at external concentrations of 1000 mg/l. At pH
      6.7 the ratio of cellular:extracellular erythromycin concentrations (C/E) was
      only 2.0, whereas at pH 7.5 it was as high as 7.0. Carbonylcyanide-m-chlorophenyl
      hydrazone, an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation which was used to collapse
      cellular pH gradients, caused a 50% reduction in C/E ratio within five minutes
      when the external pH was greater than 6.9 but had no effect at or below pH 6.7.
      These results suggest that ion-trapping plays a major role in the accumulation of
      erythromycin by these cells.

PMID- 3410801
TI  - Evaluation of antibiotic effectiveness against Staphylococcus aureus surviving
      within the bovine mammary gland macrophage.
AB  - Bovine mastitis due to Staphylococcus aureus may become chronic and refractory to
      antibiotic therapy because of the organism's ability to survive within the
      mammary gland macrophages and/or polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs). Therefore,
      phagocytosis and killing of S. aureus by bovine udder macrophages, udder and
      blood neutrophils and blood monocytes were studied. Gland and blood PMNs were
      about equally effective at phagocytosing (2.5 log reduction in supernatant) and
      killing the bacteria (92% reduction of viable bacteria by two hours). Gland
      macrophages phagocytosed at a lower rate (1.5 log reduction) and were less
      effective at killing the bacteria (73% reduction by two hours). Blood monocytes
      phagocytosed and killed S. aureus at the lowest rate. An udder macrophage
      monolayer system was developed and used to evaluate the ability of antibiotics to
      kill surviving intracellular S. aureus. This assay was similar to our previously
      described system with blood PMNs. Several classes of antibiotics were
      investigated. These included naphthalenic ansamycin, lincosaminide, tetracycline,
      coumarin, peptide, paulomycin, quinolone, macrolide, cephalosporin, and
      penicillin-class antibiotics. The activity of these compounds was compared to
      positive (rifampicin), negative (cloxacillin), and nonantibiotic treated
      controls. Only naphthalenic ansamycin class antibiotics, paulomycin, paldimycin
      and ciprofloxacin caused significant reduction in viable intracellular bacteria
      in the macrophage system. These results were similar to those obtained in the
      blood PMN monolayer system. Because a low intraphagolysosomal pH could affect an
      antibiotic's ability to kill intracellular bacteria by affecting the drug itself
      or inhibiting bacterial growth, the effect of low pH on the minimum inhibitory
      concentration and the minimum lethal concentration of clindamycin and rifampicin
      against three strains of S. aureus was also tested. While the activity of
      clindamycin at pH 5.0 compared to pH 7.0 was not affected greatly, the activity
      of rifampicin was greatly enhanced at acidic pH. These results suggest that at
      least some of the excellent activity of rifampicin for intracellular S. aureus is
      due to potentiation of its activity in the intracellular acidic compartment of
      the phagolysosome.

PMID- 3410802
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of cefixime in the young and elderly.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of cefixime were compared in 12 young and 12 elderly
      subjects receiving 400 mg once-a-day for five days. Mean peak serum
      concentrations (Cmax) on days one and five in the elderly (4.90 and 5.68 mg/l)
      were comparable (P greater than 0.05) to those in the young subjects (3.88 and
      4.74 mg/l). Serum area under the curve (AUC) values on days one and five in the
      elderly (41.0 and 49.5 mg.h/l) were higher (P less than 0.05) than those in young
      subjects (28.6 and 34.9 mg.h/l). In addition, the elimination half-life, mean
      residence time, average concentration, minimal concentration and renal clearance
      (Clr) values were significantly higher (P less than 0.05) in the elderly. A
      significant linear correlation (P less than 0.05) was found between the Clr of
      cefixime (total and unbound) and creatinine clearance. The urinary recovery (Ae0-
      --24) and protein binding of cefixime on days one and five was similar in the
      elderly and young. Overall, there is no need for any dosage adjustment of the
      drug in the elderly.

PMID- 3410803
TI  - Cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of ciprofloxacin in subjects with uninflamed
      meninges.

PMID- 3410804
TI  - Long-term oral ciprofloxacin therapy in a cystic fibrosis patient.

PMID- 3410805
TI  - Cardiotoxicity of Jamesoni's mamba (Dendroaspis jamesoni) venom and its
      fractionated components in primary cultures of rat myocardial cells.
AB  - Primary cultures of spontaneously beating myocardial cells isolated from neonatal
      rat hearts were used to screen the cardiotoxic effects of Jamesoni's mamba
      (Dendroaspis jamesoni) venom and components isolated from the venom by gel
      filtration and ion exchange chromatography. Cardiotoxicity was evaluated on the
      basis of leakage of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), changes in morphology, cell
      membrane lysis, cellular viability, and alterations in spontaneous beating
      activity. The whole venom caused dose- and time-dependent leakage of LDH,
      disruption of the cell monolayer, decreases in viability, and inhibition of
      beating activity. Gel filtration of the venom yielded eight fractions (DjI to
      DjVIII). DjI (30 micrograms/ml), DjII (20 micrograms/ml), and DjV (20
      micrograms/ml) caused significant (P less than 0.001) leakage of LDH, extensive
      morphologic damage, and decreases in viability. At lower concentrations DjI to
      DjVIII caused progressive inhibition of spontaneous beating activity. The main
      fraction (DjV), which was the most toxic, was further separated into 14
      polypeptides (Dj1 to Dj14) by ion-exchange chromatography using Bio-Rex 70. Based
      on the ability to induce LDH leakage, produce morphologic damage, lyse cell
      membranes, and arrest beating activity, four categories of polypeptides were
      identified: cardiotoxins, Dj1 and Dj2; cardiotoxinlike polypeptides, Dj3 to Dj8;
      less active membrane lytic polypeptides, Dj9 to Dj13; and membrane lytic
      polypeptide, Dj14.

PMID- 3410806
TI  - Culture conditions for arresting and stimulating the proliferation of a rainbow
      trout fibroblast cell line, RTG-2.
AB  - Conditions for arresting and stimulating the proliferation of the rainbow trout
      fibroblast cell line RTG-2 have been examined and the time course of events after
      stimulation determined. Quiescent populations were achieved in two ways. Cultures
      grown to confluency without a medium change for at least 7 d had fewer than 5% of
      the cells in S phase and few mitotic figures. Cultures deprived of serum, which
      could be done for up to 3 d without a loss in cell number, also achieved
      quiescence. After 3 d without serum, less than 1% of cells were in S phase and
      mitotic figures were infrequent. Addition to these cultures of fresh serum
      containing medium brought about the synchronous entry of cells into S phase and
      mitosis. For cultures in which either the medium had been changed after 7 d
      without a change or serum-containing medium had been added after 3 d of serum
      deprivation, DNA synthesis increased after a lag period of 20 to 24 h, was
      pronounced between 30 and 45 h, and then declined. This was followed by a peak in
      the mitotic index. These protocols for arresting and subsequently stimulating RTG
      2 proliferation should allow the G1-S transition to be studied in a
      representative of teleosts.

PMID- 3410807
TI  - Epidemiology of infantile autism in southern Ibaraki, Japan: differences in
      prevalence in birth cohorts.
AB  - Infantile autism was diagnosed by DSM-III criteria in 132 children (26 girls) who
      were outpatients of the Tsuchiura Child Guidance Center during the years 1977
      1985. The children, all Japanese except for one Laotian boy born in Laos, were
      classified according to year and month of birth. The prevalence rate of infantile
      autism in southern Ibaraki, Japan, within the birth cohort born between 1972 and
      1978 was 13.9/10,000 children. The month of birth for infantile autism increased
      in the second quarter of the year. The prevalence rate of infantile autism in
      each 1-year birth cohort fluctuated in a 4-year cycle, which was closely
      correlated (r = .92) with the number of children admitted with pneumonia and
      bronchiolitis in that area. These findings led us to postulate that infectious
      factors of children's pneumonia and bronchiolitis may have some role in the cause
      of infantile autism.

PMID- 3410808
TI  - The effects of increased physical exercise on disruptive behavior in retarded
      persons.
AB  - The low frequency but highly intense disruptive behavior of 10 institutionalized
      mentally retarded persons was treated by providing them with opportunities for
      vigorous exercise. In two experiments, severely aggressive and hyperactive
      clients were exposed to two daily periods of jogging and strenuous activities in
      multiple baseline designs across clients. Rating scale data collected daily from
      cottage and school personnel indicated a systematic reduction in problem behavior
      for 8 of the 10 participants to levels considered "not a problem" or only "an
      occasional problem." Physical exercise may offer promise as an effective, benign,
      and practical adjunct to other treatment and management techniques.

PMID- 3410809
TI  - Infantile autism and urinary excretion of peptides and protein-associated peptide
      complexes.
AB  - Sixty-nine early morning urine samples obtained from three groups of young adult
      males (autistic, mentally handicapped, and a group of men of normal intelligence)
      were analyzed using the methods described by Trygstad et al. (1980). No
      consistent patterns of urinary chromatographic profiles were identified. A number
      of possible contributing factors are discussed in relation to this failure to
      replicate the results of previous studies.

PMID- 3410810
TI  - Assessment and skill remediation of hyperlexic children.
AB  - Assessment and remedial approaches derived from the field of learning
      disabilities were applied in two studies of hyperlexic children. Information
      processing strengths and weaknesses of hyperlexic children were assessed in the
      first study, and the hypothesis that hyperlexic children have superior abilities
      to retain sound/symbol associations was investigated. Results supported this
      hypothesis, and indicated that the exceptional reading skills of hyperlexic
      children are not simply a result of repeated exposure to words. In the second
      study, a hyperlexic child's ability to decode words was used to increase her
      functional speech. Written prompts resulted in rapid increases in appropriate
      verbal responses in naturalistic settings. Furthermore, our results demonstrated
      maintenance and generalization of the positive effects of written prompts.

PMID- 3410811
TI  - Factors relating to age of onset in autism.
AB  - We examined the distribution of ages of onset of autism and related communication
      handicaps and assessed factors related to age of onset. Subjects were
      approximately 1,800 children seen at Division TEACCH (Treatment and Education of
      Autistic and related Communication handicapped CHildren) since 1970. Exact
      numbers of subjects varied with different analyses due to missing data. Data were
      gathered through direct assessment, interview, and questionnaire. Seventy-six
      percent of autistic children were identified by parents by 24 months of age, and
      94% by 36 months. Families reporting early onset tended to seek help sooner and
      to be seen by TEACCH sooner. Early onset was most clearly related to severity as
      measured by IQ and ratings on the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (Schopler,
      Reichler, & Renner, 1986). The findings support the treatment of age of onset of
      autism by DSM-III-R (American Psychiatric Association, 1987).

PMID- 3410813
TI  - The diagnosis of autism by state agencies.
AB  - A four-question survey form was sent to the Departments of Public Instruction and
      Departments of Mental Health in all 50 states. The survey solicited information
      on agency diagnostic practices regarding autism. A 100% return was achieved as an
      outcome of various follow-up procedures. Considerable variability in diagnostic
      practice was found between the two agencies and among the states.

PMID- 3410812
TI  - Speech following sign language training in autistic children with minimal verbal
      language.
AB  - This study was carried out to test the main and interaction effects of training
      condition and pretreatment-elicited verbal imitation ability when predicting
      spoken language use during language training of 60 minimally verbal autistic
      children. Subjects were randomly assigned to Speech Alone, Sign Alone,
      Simultaneous Presentation of Sign and Speech, and Alternating Presentation of
      Sign and Speech training conditions. Speech Alone, Simultaneous Presentation, and
      Alternating Presentation condition facilitated more child-initiated speech during
      treatment than did the Sign Alone condition. Regardless of training condition,
      pretreatment verbal imitation ability positively predicted the size of child
      initiated spoken vocabulary observed during training. Exploratory analyses
      indicated that, in addition to verbal imitation, pretreatment age and IQ may also
      predict spoken language developed during training.

PMID- 3410814
TI  - Cerebrospinal fluid indoleacetic acid in autistic subjects.
AB  - Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of the tryptamine metabolite, indoleacetic acid
      (IAA), have been measured in groups of autistic and control subjects. No
      significant difference was seen in group mean (+/- SEM) levels of CSF IAA
      (autistics 5.53 +/- 0.47 ng/ml, N = 10). The finding indicates that central
      metabolism of the behaviorally active trace amine tryptamine is probably normal
      in autism.

PMID- 3410815
TI  - Language learning and retention in young language-disordered children.
AB  - Simultaneous sign and spoken language training was conducted with young, language
      disordered children under standardized training and follow-up conditions with a
      stringent learning criterion to determine if language learned was stable over
      time. Twenty-one children between 36 and 86 months with no or nonfunctional
      language participated in the study. Diagnoses included autism, mental
      retardation, combined autism and mental retardation, and developmental aphasia.
      Children completed a mean of 74 signed speech training sessions. Sessions were
      twice daily, 5 days a week. Follow-up evaluations were made approximately 6
      months after training. Of the 21 children, 17 learned at least one word and 7
      children learned multiple-word phrases during the training. Most language learned
      in training was found to be retained at follow-up approximately 6 months later.
      Gestural imitation, play style, language age, developmental age, and fine motor
      skills had strong correlations with language learning and retention.

PMID- 3410816
TI  - A case of Heller's syndrome with school refusal.

PMID- 3410817
TI  - Induction of nitrogen-fixing nodules on clover requires only 32 kilobase pairs of
      DNA from the Rhizobium trifolii symbiosis plasmid.
AB  - Overlapping subclones from the Rhizobium trifolii symbiosis plasmid pRt843a were
      generated by using in vivo and in vitro methods. Subclones were assayed for
      symbiotic phenotype by introducing them into a derivative of R. trifolii ANU843
      cured of its symbiosis plasmid and testing the transconjugant strains for the
      ability to induce nitrogen-fixing nodules on clover. One subclone spanning 32
      kilobase pairs (kb) of DNA from pRt843a was found to restore nitrogen fixation
      ability. This subclone included all known nodulation genes of R. trifolii ANU843
      and the nitrogenase structural genes nifHDK. In addition, regions homologous to
      fixABC, nifA, nifB, nifE, and nifN genes of other nitrogen-fixing bacteria were
      identified in this 32-kb subclone by DNA-DNA hybridization. Transposon
      mutagenesis of this subclone confirmed that regions containing these nif and fix
      genes were required for induction of nitrogen-fixing nodules on clover. In
      addition, a region located 5 kb downstream of the nifK gene was found to be
      required for induction of nitrogen-fixing nodules. No homology to known nif and
      fix genes could be detected in this latter region.

PMID- 3410818
TI  - Identification of a celE-binding protein and its potential role in induction of
      the celE gene in Thermomonospora fusca.
AB  - Thermomonospora fusca cellulase E5 is encoded by the celE gene. This gene appears
      to be regulated at the transcriptional level by both induction and repression,
      and three putative closely linked promoters have been located by S1 mapping. To
      study its regulatory mechanism, a gel retardation assay was used to identify a
      protein in T. fusca cell extracts that interacted specifically with the DNA
      fragment containing the celE promoters. It was found that the binding activity
      appeared only when cellulase synthesis was induced, and it therefore resembled an
      activator protein involved in cellulase induction. DNase I footprinting
      identified the target sequence for this protein as a 21-base-pair sequence
      downstream from the putative celE promoters. The level of this protein was
      measured in two cellulase constitutive mutants, and the results suggest a complex
      control for celE induction.

PMID- 3410819
TI  - Quantitative assay for binding of Bradyrhizobium japonicum to cultured soybean
      cells.
AB  - Incubation of Bradyrhizobium japonicum with the cultured soybean cell line SB-1
      resulted in the adhesion of the bacteria to the plant cells. An antiserum was
      raised against B. japonicum, and the 125I-labeled immunoglobulin fraction was
      used to quantitate the number of bacteria bound to the soybean cells. The
      measurement of 125I-labeled antibody binding correlated well with parallel assays
      by microscopic observation. Using this quantitation, we have optimized the
      parameters of the assay in terms of time course, ratio of B. japonicum to SB-1
      cells, and pH. We then explored the effects of saccharides, NaCl, EDTA, and
      culture age of the bacteria and SB-1 cells on B. japonicum binding under these
      optimal assay conditions. The results showed good correlation between conditions
      that govern B. japonicum binding to SB-1 cells in culture and those that regulate
      B. japonicum-induced nodulation in legume roots. Together, they suggest that this
      binding event may be important in controlling host specificity.

PMID- 3410820
TI  - Phenotypic switching of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans.
AB  - Two solid medium formulations, designated 100:10 and 10:10, were developed for
      the growth of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans. The new media contain a mixture of both
      ferrous iron and thiosulfate as available energy sources, permitting the
      detection of colony morphology variants that arise spontaneously in a wild-type
      population. Several morphological and physiological characteristics of a class of
      T. ferrooxidans variants, termed LSC for large spreading colony, are described.
      LSC variants lack the ability to oxidize iron but retain the capacity to utilize
      thiosulfate or tetrathionate as energy sources. An LSC colony spreads on the
      surface of solid 100:10 medium as a monolayer of cells in a fashion resembling
      that of certain swarming or gliding bacteria. The LSC variant reverts to a
      parental wild type at frequencies that vary in different independently arising
      isolates. The identity of the LSC variant as a derivative of the parental wild
      type T. ferrooxidans was established by Southern blot hybridization.

PMID- 3410821
TI  - Regulation of carbon and electron flow in Propionispira arboris: relationship of
      catabolic enzyme levels to carbon substrates fermented during propionate
      formation via the methylmalonyl coenzyme A pathway.
AB  - A detailed study of the glucose fermentation pathway and the modulation of
      catabolic oxidoreductase activities by energy sources (i.e., glucose versus
      lactate or fumarate) in Propionispira arboris was performed. 14C radiotracer data
      show the CO2 produced from pyruvate oxidation comes exclusively from the C-3 and
      C-4 positions of glucose. Significant specific activities of glyceraldehyde-3
      phosphate dehydrogenase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase were detected,
      which substantiates the utilization of the Embden-Meyerhoff-Parnas path for
      glucose metabolism. The methylmalonyl coenzyme A pathway for pyruvate reduction
      to propionate was established by detection of significant activities (greater
      than 16 nmol/min per mg of protein) of methylmalonyl coenzyme A transcarboxylase,
      malate dehydrogenase, and fumarate reductase in cell-free extracts and by 13C
      nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic demonstration of randomization of label
      from [2-13C]pyruvate into positions 2 and 3 of propionate. The specific activity
      of pyruvate-ferredoxin oxidoreductase, malate dehydrogenase, fumarate reductase,
      and transcarboxylase varied significantly in cells grown on different energy
      sources. D-Lactate dehydrogenase (non-NADH linked) was present in cells of P.
      arboris grown on lactate but not in cells grown on glucose or fumarate. These
      results indicate that growth substrates regulate synthesis of enzymes specific
      for the methylmalonyl coenzyme A path and initial substrate transformation.

PMID- 3410822
TI  - Biochemical and cytological analysis of the complex periplasmic flagella from
      Spirochaeta aurantia.
AB  - The periplasmic flagella of Spirochaeta aurantia were isolated and were found to
      be ultrastructurally and biochemically complex. Generally, flagellar filaments
      were 18 to 20 nm in diameter and appeared to consist of an 11 to 13-nm-wide inner
      region and an outer layer. The hook-basal body region consisted of two closely
      apposed disks connected to a hook by a rod. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis of purified flagella together with a Western blot analysis of
      a motility mutant that produces hooks and basal bodies but not flagellar
      filaments revealed that the filaments were composed of three major polypeptides
      of 37,500, 34,000, and 31,500 apparent molecular weight (37.5K, 34K, and 31.5K
      polypeptides) and three minor polypeptides of 36,000, 33,000, and 32,000 apparent
      molecular weight (36K, 33K, and 32K polypeptides). Purified hook-basal body
      preparations were greatly enriched in three polypeptides in the range of 62,000
      to 66,000 apparent molecular weight. Immunogold labeling experiments with a
      monoclonal antibody specific for the 37.5K flagellin and one that reacts with an
      epitope common to the 36K, 34K, 33K, 32K, and 31.5K flagellins revealed that the
      37.5K major polypeptide was a component of the outer layer, whereas one or more
      of the other polypeptides constituted the core.

PMID- 3410823
TI  - Control of Vibrio fischeri lux gene transcription by a cyclic AMP receptor
      protein-luxR protein regulatory circuit.
AB  - Expression of the Vibrio fischeri luminescence genes (lux genes) requires two
      transcriptional activators: the V. fischeri luxR gene product with autoinducer
      and the cyclic AMP (cAMP) receptor protein (CRP) with cAMP. It has been
      established that autoinducer and the luxR gene product are required for
      transcriptional activation of the luxICDABE operon, which contains a gene
      required for autoinducer synthesis and genes required for light emission.
      However, the role of cAMP-CRP in the induction of luminescence is not clear. We
      examined transcriptional control of the lux genes in Escherichia coli, using
      catabolite repression mutants carrying lux DNA-containing plasmids.
      Transcriptional fusions between the lacZ gene on Mu dI and luxR were used to
      assess luxR promoter activity, and the luxAB genes (which encode the two
      luciferase subunits) were used as a natural reporter of luxICDABE promoter
      activity. A plasmid containing luxR under control of the cAMP-CRP-independent tac
      promoter was constructed to direct the synthesis of the luxR gene product in
      cells containing compatible luxR::Mu dI insertion mutant plasmids. In E. coli,
      cAMP-CRP activated transcription of luxR and concurrently decreased luxICDABE
      transcription. In the presence of relatively high levels of the luxR gene
      product, cAMP and CRP were not required for induction of the luxICDABE operon.
      The luxR gene product in the presence of autoinducer activated transcription of
      the luxICDABE operon, as has been shown previously, and we demonstrate that it
      also decreased luxR transcription. Apparently, control of the V. fischeri
      luminescence genes involves a regulatory circuit in which cAMP and CRP activate
      luxR transcription and in turn the luxR gene product activates transcription of
      the operon responsible for light emission (uxICDABE). Furthermore, in lux gene
      regulation cAMP-CRP and autoinducer-LuxR protein appear to function as
      transcriptional antagonists.

PMID- 3410824
TI  - Metabolic regulation in Streptomyces parvulus during actinomycin D synthesis,
      studied with 13C- and 15N-labeled precursors by 13C and 15N nuclear magnetic
      resonance spectroscopy and by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
AB  - Recent studies have suggested that the onset of synthesis of actinomycin D in
      Streptomyces parvulus is due to a release from L-glutamate catabolic repression.
      In the present investigation we showed that S. parvulus has the capacity to
      maintain high levels of intracellular glutamate during the synthesis of
      actinomycin D. The results seem contradictory, since actinomycin D synthesis
      cannot start before a release from L-glutamate catabolic repression, but a
      relatively high intracellular pool of glutamate is needed for the synthesis of
      actinomycin D. Utilizing different labeled precursors, D-[U-13C]fructose and 13C-
      and 15N-labeled L-glutamate, and nuclear magnetic resonance techniques, we showed
      that carbon atoms of an intracellular glutamate pool of S. parvulus were not
      derived biosynthetically from the culture medium glutamate source but rather from
      D-fructose catabolism. A new intracellular pyrimidine derivative whose nitrogen
      and carbon skeletons were derived from exogenous L-glutamate was obtained as the
      main glutamate metabolite. Another new pyrimidine derivative that had a
      significantly reduced intracellular mobility and that was derived from D-fructose
      catabolism was identified in the cell extracts of S. parvulus during actinomycin
      D synthesis. These pyrimidine derivatives may serve as a nitrogen store for
      actinomycin D synthesis. In the present study, the N-trimethyl group of a choline
      derivative was observed by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in growing
      S. parvulus cells. The choline group, as well as the N-methyl groups of
      sarcosine, N-methyl-valine, and the methyl groups of an actinomycin D
      chromophore, arose from D-fructose catabolism. The 13C enrichments found in the
      peptide moieties of actinomycin D were in accordance with a mechanism of
      actinomycin D synthesis from L-glutamate and D-fructose.

PMID- 3410825
TI  - Nutrient-stimulated methylation of a membrane protein in Bacillus licheniformis.
AB  - When nitrogen-starved vegetative cells of Bacillus licheniformis A5 were
      presented with a good nitrogen source in the presence of chloramphenicol and
      methyl-labeled methionine, a 40-kilodalton (kDa) protein was found to be
      reversibly methylated, with a half-life of approximately 10 to 15 min. The 40-kDa
      protein was strongly methylated in response to the addition of ammonia,
      glutamine, or sodium glutamate nitrogen sources that produce generation times of
      less than or equal to 90 min) but was very poorly methylated in the absence of a
      nitrogen source or in the presence of potassium glutamate or histidine
      (generation times of greater than 150 min). The methylated protein was found to
      be membrane associated, but the methylation reaction did not appear to be related
      to chemotaxis, because the spectrum of nutrients that promoted methylation was
      different from that which prompted a chemotactic response. In addition, the
      methyl residue on the 40-kDa protein was found to be alkali stable. Approximately
      180 to 640 molecules of the methylated protein were found per cell. The
      characteristics of this methylated protein were consistent with the hypothesis
      that the reversible methylation of the protein functions in nutrient sensing to
      regulate growth, cell division, and the initiation of sporulation.

PMID- 3410827
TI  - Ti plasmid-specified chemotaxis of Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58C1 toward vir
      inducing phenolic compounds and soluble factors from monocotyledonous and
      dicotyledonous plants.
AB  - Twelve phenolic compounds with related structures were analyzed for their ability
      to act as chemoattractants for Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58C1 and as inducers of
      the Ti plasmid virulence operons. The results divided the phenolic compounds into
      three groups: compounds that act as strong vir inducers and are chemoattractants
      for A. tumefaciens C58C1 harboring the nopaline Ti plasmid pDUB1003 delta 31, but
      not the isogenic cured strain; compounds that are at best weak vir inducers and
      are weak chemoattractants for Ti plasmid-harboring and cured A. tumefaciens
      C58C1; and compounds that are vir noninducers and are also nonattractants. A
      strong correlation between vir-inducing ability and Ti plasmid requirement for
      chemotaxis is thus established. In addition, chemical structure rules for vir
      induction and chemotaxis are outlined. Positive chemotaxis toward root and shoot
      homogenates from monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants was observed. At low
      extract concentrations, chemotaxis was enhanced by the presence of Ti plasmid.
      The chemoattractants do not derive from intact cell walls. Lack of attraction is
      not responsible for the apparent block to monocot transformation by A.
      tumefaciens.

PMID- 3410828
TI  - Inducible and constitutive expression of pMOL28-encoded nickel resistance in
      Alcaligenes eutrophus N9A.
AB  - The nickel and cobalt resistance plasmid pMOL28 was transferred by conjugation
      from its natural host Alcaligenes eutrophus CH34 to the susceptible A. eutrophus
      N9A. Strain N9A and its pMOL28-containing transconjugant M220 were studied in
      detail. At a concentration of 3.0 mM NiCl2, the wild-type N9A did not grow, while
      M220 started to grow at its maximum exponential growth rate after a lag of 12 to
      24 h. When grown in the presence of subinhibitory concentrations (0.5 mM) of
      nickel salt, M220 grew actively at 3 mM NiCl2 without a lag, indicating that
      nickel resistance is an inducible property. Expression of nickel resistance
      required active growth in the presence of nickel salts at a concentration higher
      than 0.05 mM. Two mutants of M220 were isolated which expressed nickel resistance
      constitutively. When the plasmids, pMOL28.1 and pMOL28.2, carried by the mutants
      were transferred to strains H16 and CH34, the transconjugants expressed
      constitutive nickel resistance. This indicates that the mutation is plasmid
      located. Both mutants expressed constitutive resistance to nickel and cobalt.
      Physiological studies revealed the following differences between strain N9A and
      its pMOL28.1-harboring mutant derivatives. (i) The uptake of 63NiCl2 occurred
      more rapidly in the susceptible strain and reached a 30- to 60-fold-higher amount
      that in the pMOL28.1-harboring mutant; (ii) in intact cells of the susceptible
      strain N9A, the cytoplasmic hydrogenase was inhibited by 1 to 5 nM NiCl2, whereas
      10 mM Ni2+ was needed to inhibit the hydrogenase of mutant cells; (iii) the
      minimal concentration of nickel chloride for the derepressed synthesis of
      cytoplasmic hydrogenase was lower in strain N9A (1 to 3 microM) than in the
      constitutive mutant (8 to 10 microM).

PMID- 3410826
TI  - Structural and biochemical analyses of a surface array protein of Campylobacter
      fetus.
AB  - Electron microscopic examination of ultrathin sections and freeze-etched and
      shadow cast preparations of a bovine prepuce isolate of Campylobacter fetus VC119
      showed an S layer with subunits in an apparent linear arrangement. Surface
      radioiodination, enzyme digestion, low-pH extraction, and Western immunoblotting
      showed that the layer was composed mainly of one protein which is the predominant
      protein antigen of C. fetus. This protein was purified to homogeneity by gel
      filtration, ion-exchange chromatography, and high-performance liquid
      chromatography. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed
      an apparent molecular weight of 131,000 for this protein with a pI of 6.35, and
      no carbohydrate could be detected by a variety of techniques. Amino acid
      composition analysis showed that the protein contained approximately 1,304
      residues per molecule, 41.2% of which were hydrophobic and approximately 22% of
      which were acidic. Cysteine and histidine were absent. Circular dichroism spectra
      showed that the prominent structure of the S layer protein was a beta-pleated
      sheet (36%) with aperiodic foldings (31%); a moderate amount of alpha-helix (28%)
      and a low amount of beta-turn (5%) were also present. The N-terminal amino acid
      sequence was determined for the first 18 residues. No sequence homology with
      other S layer proteins was found.

PMID- 3410830
TI  - Ribosomes of the extremely thermophilic eubacterium Thermotoga maritima are
      uniquely insensitive to the miscoding-inducing action of aminoglycoside
      antibiotics.
AB  - Poly(U)- and poly(UG)-programmed cell-free systems were developed from the
      extreme thermophilic, anaerobic eubacterium Thermotoga maritima, and their
      susceptibility to aminoglycoside and other antibiotics was assayed at a
      temperature (75 degrees C) close to the physiological optimum (80 degrees C) for
      cell growth and in vitro polypeptide synthesis, using a Bacillus
      stearothermophilus system as the reference. The synthetic capacity of the
      Thermotoga assay mixture was abolished by the eubacterium-targeted drugs
      chloramphenicol, thiostrepton, and kirromycin. However, streptomycin, the
      disubstituted 2-deoxystreptamines (kanamycin, gentamicin, neomycin, and
      paromomycin), and the monosubstituted 2-deoxystreptamine (hygromycin) all failed
      to promote translational misreading of poly(U) on Thermotoga ribosomes; they also
      failed to block polyphenylalanine synthesis at a low (less than 10(-4) M)
      concentration and did not inhibit Thermotoga cell growth at a high (10
      micrograms/ml) concentration even though Thermotoga ribosomes possess the 16S
      rRNA sequences required for aminoglycoside action. In contrast to the other
      eubacteria, Thermotoga elongation factor G was also refractory to the steroid
      inhibitor of peptidyl-tRNA translocation fusidic acid.

PMID- 3410829
TI  - Methyl-accepting protein associated with bacterial sensory rhodopsin I.
AB  - In vivo radiolabeling of Halobacterium halobium phototaxis mutants and revertants
      with L-[methyl-3H] methionine implicated seven methyl-accepting protein bands
      with apparent molecular masses from 65 to 150 kilodaltons (kDa) in adaptation of
      the organism to chemo and photo stimuli, and one of these (94 kDa) was
      specifically implicated in phototaxis. The lability of the radiolabeled bands to
      mild base treatment indicated that the methyl linkages are carboxylmethylesters,
      as is the case in the eubacterial chemotaxis receptor-transducers. The 94-kDa
      protein was present in increased amounts in an overproducer of the apoprotein of
      sensory rhodopsin I, one of two retinal-containing phototaxis receptors in H.
      halobium. It was absent in a strain that contained sensory rhodopsin II and that
      lacked sensory rhodopsin I and was also absent in a mutant that lacked both
      photoreceptors. Based on the role of methyl-accepting proteins in chemotaxis in
      other bacteria, we suggest that the 94-kDa protein is the signal transducer for
      sensory rhodopsin I. By [3H]retinal labeling studies, we previously identified a
      25-kDa retinal-binding polypeptide that was derived from photochemically reactive
      sensory rhodopsin I. When H. halobium membranes containing sensory rhodopsin I
      were treated by a procedure that stably reduced [3H]retinal onto the 25-kDa
      apoprotein, a 94-kDa protein was also found to be radiolabeled. Protease
      digestion confirmed that the 94-kDa retinal-labeled protein was the same as the
      methyl-accepting protein that was suggested above to be the signal transducer for
      sensory rhodopsin I. Possible models are that the 25- and 94-kDa proteins are
      tightly interacting components of the photosensory signaling machinery or that
      both are forms of sensory rhodopsin I.

PMID- 3410832
TI  - S-adenosylhomocysteine metabolism in Streptomyces flocculus.
AB  - S-Adenosylhomocysteine metabolism was studied in cell extracts of streptonigrin
      producing Streptomyces flocculus. The major route of metabolism was found to be
      deamination to form S-inosylhomocysteine. The metabolite was purified by high
      performance liquid chromatography and identified by its UV and nuclear magnetic
      resonance spectra and by its chemical degradation to hypoxanthine.

PMID- 3410831
TI  - Adsorption of mycoplasma virus P1 to host cells.
AB  - The adsorption of mycoplasma virus P1, a virus which infects some strains of
      Mycoplasma pulmonis, to host cells was examined. Mutants of M. pulmonis to which
      P1 virus did not adsorb were isolated. Proteins from the mutants and from wild
      type cells were compared by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis,
      and the only observed difference was in the surface antigen V-1. The
      electrophoretic properties of V-1 also correlated with the host range of the
      virus. These data strongly suggest that the V-1 antigen affects adsorption of P1
      virus to host cells.

PMID- 3410834
TI  - Data omitted from psychiatric consultation notes.
AB  - To assess how often psychiatric consultants omit written data from their
      consultation notes, the authors reviewed 78 initial consultation notes written by
      second-year psychiatric residents. Data considered essential for an adequate
      psychiatric evaluation were typically omitted. Categories that were observed to
      have the highest frequencies of missing data included family history of
      psychiatric illness (60.3%), history of substance abuse (44.9%), marital status
      (37.2%), previous psychotropic drug use (35.9%), previous psychiatric treatment
      (26.9%), and patient history of psychiatric illness (24.4%). The frequencies of
      omissions were significantly (p less than .001, except for the last item, p less
      than .01) higher than those from the consultation notes written by a second
      cohort of psychiatric residents who used a worksheet that listed data categories.
      The authors' findings argue for the use of worksheets delineating data categories
      to ensure that clinicians write adequate consultation notes.

PMID- 3410833
TI  - Detection and subcellular localization of two Sym plasmid-dependent proteins of
      Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae.
AB  - The previously described Sym plasmid-dependent 24-kilodalton rhi protein of
      Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae was localized in the cytosol fraction.
      Another Sym plasmid-dependent protein of 50 kilodaltons is secreted into the
      growth medium, and its expression is dependent on both the nodD gene and a nod
      gene inducer.

PMID- 3410835
TI  - Alprazolam treatment of panic attacks.

PMID- 3410836
TI  - Diltiazem-lithium interaction: an opposing viewpoint.

PMID- 3410837
TI  - Familial addiction in cocaine abusers.

PMID- 3410838
TI  - Serotonin in behavioral disorders. Proceedings of a symposium. November 21, 1987,
      Zurich, Switzerland.

PMID- 3410839
TI  - Bovine membranous dopamine beta-hydroxylase is not anchored via covalently
      attached phosphatidylinositol.
AB  - The mode of attachment of the membrane-bound form of the chromaffin granule
      glycoprotein dopamine beta-hydroxylase has been investigated; specifically, the
      possibility of a covalently attached glycosyl phosphatidylinositol anchor has
      been examined in detail. Incubation of fragmented chromaffin granule membranes
      with phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C led to no solubilization of
      dopamine beta-hydroxylase activity. Further, chemical analyses of the inositol
      and phosphate content of the soluble form of dopamine beta-hydroxylase indicate
      that the enzyme contains no covalently attached phosphate or inositol. The
      results of these studies allow elimination of phosphatidylinositol as a source of
      membrane anchoring for dopamine beta-hydroxylase and, coupled with previously
      available data, argue against a post-translational covalent modification of the
      enzyme as the mechanism of membrane attachment. Possible alternative models for
      the anchoring of membranous dopamine beta-hydroxylase are discussed.

PMID- 3410841
TI  - Thiol/disulfide exchange between 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase and
      glutathione. A thermodynamically facile dithiol oxidation.
AB  - In glutathione redox buffers, rat liver, microsomal 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl
      coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase rapidly equilibrates between a reduced, active
      form and an oxidized, inactive form. At pH 7.0, 37 degrees C, the second order
      rate constant for inactivation of the reduced enzyme by GSSG is 1700 +/- 200 M-1
      min-1, approximately 20-fold faster than the reaction of GSSG with a typical,
      unhindered thiol of pKa 7.7. High concentrations of GSH or lower concentrations
      of dithiothreitol restore the activity of the oxidized enzyme. The oxidation of
      the enzyme by GSSG is only 30-fold slower in the presence of saturating levels of
      both substrates. The incomplete inhibition of thiol/disulfide exchange by
      substrates can lead to significant changes in the activity of the enzyme during
      the assay when glutathione is present. At redox equilibrium, both in the absence
      and presence of substrates, the activity of the enzyme depends on the quantity
      [GSH]2/[GSSG], suggesting that the redox transition involves the formation of a
      protein-SS-protein disulfide. The equilibrium constant for the reaction HMGRred +
      GSSG in equilibrium HMGRox + 2 GSH is 0.55 +/- 0.07 M in the absence of
      substrates and 0.20 +/- 0.02 M in the presence of saturating levels of both
      substrates. Thus, HMG-CoA reductase is very sensitive to dithiol oxidation both
      kinetically and thermodynamically. Significant changes in the oxidation state and
      activity of this enzyme could be expected to result from normal changes in the
      thiol/disulfide oxidation state of the cellular glutathione redox buffer.

PMID- 3410840
TI  - Stoichiometry of the renal sodium-L-lactate cotransporter.
AB  - We re-examined the electrical and stoichiometric properties of the Na+-L-lactate
      cotransporter using highly purified brush-border membrane vesicles prepared from
      the whole cortex of rabbit kidney. A valinomycin-induced K+ diffusion potential
      (interior-negative) stimulated Na+ gradient-dependent L-lactate uptake. However,
      this stimulation reflected catalytic rather than energetic activation as an
      inside-negative membrane potential did not induce net uphill lactate accumulation
      in the presence of Na+ but in the absence of a Na+ concentration gradient.
      Additional evidence for electroneutrality of the cotransporter was the finding
      that, under voltage-clamped conditions, L-lactate flux was a hyperbolic function
      of extravesicular Na+ concentration with a Hill coefficient (n) of 1.0. Moreover,
      the plot of V/[Na+]n versus V was linear for n = 1, indicating that one Na+ ion
      is co-transported with an anionic lactate1- molecule. Finally, addition of L
      lactate to vesicles under Na+ equilibrium conditions failed to generate an inside
      positive membrane potential as monitored by 3,3'-dipropylthiodicarbocyanine
      iodide fluorescence quenching, arguing against Na+-L-lactate cotransport by an
      electrogenic process. Taken together, these data indicate that the luminal Na+-L
      lactate co-transporter is electroneutral with a stoichiometry of 1.

PMID- 3410842
TI  - Free cholesterol is a potent regulator of lipid transfer protein function.
AB  - This study investigates the effect of altered lipoprotein free cholesterol (FC)
      content on the transfer of cholesteryl ester (CE) and triglyceride (TG) from very
      low- (VLDL), low- (LDL), and high-(HDL) density lipoproteins by the plasma
      derived lipid transfer protein (LTP). The FC content of VLDL and HDL was
      selectively altered by incubating these lipoproteins with FC/phospholipid
      dispersions of varying composition. FC-modified lipoproteins were then
      equilibrated with [3H] TG, [14C]CE-labeled lipoproteins of another class to
      facilitate the subsequent modification of the radiolabeled donor lipoproteins.
      LTP was added and the extent of radiolabeled TG and CE transfer determined after
      1 h. With either LDL or VLDL as lipid donor, an increase in the FC content of
      these lipoproteins caused a concentration-dependent inhibition (up to 50%) of CE
      transfer from these particles, without any significant effect on TG transfer. In
      contrast, with HDL as donor, increasing the HDL FC content had little effect on
      CE transfer from HDL, but markedly stimulated (up to 2.5-fold) the transfer of
      TG. This differential effect of FC on the unidirectional transfer of radiolabeled
      lipids from VLDL and HDL led to marked effects on LTP-facilitated net mass
      transfer of lipids. During long-term incubation of a constant amount of LTP with
      FC-modified VLDL and HDL, the extent of net mass transfer was linearly related to
      lipoprotein FC content; a 4-fold increase in FC content resulted in a 3-fold
      stimulation of the CE mass transferred to VLDL, which was coupled to an
      equimolar, reciprocal transfer of TG mass to HDL. Since lipid transfer between
      lipoproteins is integral to the process of reverse cholesterol transport, we
      conclude that lipoprotein FC levels are a potent, positive regulator of the
      pathways involved in sterol clearance. FC may modulate lipid transfer by altering
      the availability of CE and TG to LTP at the lipoprotein surface.

PMID- 3410843
TI  - The mitochondrial uncoupling protein gene. Correlation of exon structure to
      transmembrane domains.
AB  - The mitochondrial uncoupling protein, a protein essential for the thermogenic
      properties of brown fat in mammals, is inserted in the inner mitochondrial
      membrane by means of six alpha-helical hydrophobic transmembrane domains. We have
      sequenced a complete cDNA and parts of the gene to determine that the
      mitochondrial uncoupling protein gene is composed of six exons, each of which
      encodes a transmembrane domain. We also show that transcription of the uncoupling
      protein gene is from a single start site; however, the use of alternative poly(A)
      addition signal sequences results in two mRNAs, the major species of 1221
      nucleotides, not including the poly(A) tail, and a minor species of about 1600
      nucleotides. The 5'-untranslated region of the mRNA is composed of 231
      nucleotides, and the 3'-untranslated region contains 81 nucleotides prior to
      addition of the poly(A) tail.

PMID- 3410844
TI  - The reaction mechanism of the novel vanadium-bromoperoxidase. A steady-state
      kinetic analysis.
AB  - The reaction of vanadium-bromoperoxidase from the brown alga Ascophyllum nodosum
      with hydrogen peroxide, bromide, and 2-chlorodimedone has been subjected to an
      extensive steady-state kinetic analysis. Systematic variation of pH and the
      concentrations of these three components demonstrate that the reaction model
      includes four enzyme species: native bromoperoxidase, a bromoperoxidase-bromide
      inhibitory complex, a bromoperoxidase-hydrogen peroxide intermediate, and a
      bromoperoxidase-HOBr species. This latter intermediate did not display any direct
      interaction with the nucleophilic reagent as oxidized bromine species (Br-3, Br2,
      and/or HOBr) were the primary reaction products. The generation of oxidized
      bromine species was as fast as the bromination of 2-chlorodimedone. The enzyme
      did not show any specificity with regard to bromination of various organic
      compounds. Formation of the bromoperoxidase-bromide inhibitory complex was
      competitive with the reaction between hydrogen peroxide and enzyme. From the
      steady-state kinetic data lower limits for the second-order rate constants at
      various pH values were calculated for individual steps in the catalytic cycle.
      This pH study showed that native enzyme must be unprotonated prior to binding of
      hydrogen peroxide (second-order association rate constant of 2.5.10(6) M-1.s-1 at
      pH greater than 6). The pKa for the functional group controlling the binding of
      hydrogen peroxide was 5.7 and is ascribed to a histidine residue. The reaction
      rate between bromide and enzyme-hydrogen peroxide intermediate also depended on
      pH (second-order association rate constant of 1.7.10(5) M-1.s-1 at pH 4.0).

PMID- 3410845
TI  - Cellular response to oxidative stress at sulfhydryl group receptor sites on the
      erythrocyte membrane.
AB  - Ellman's reagent was used to induce an oxidative stimulus on the exofacial
      membrane sulfhydryl groups of the human erythrocyte. Thiol-disulfide exchange
      occurring extracellularly was monitored using resonance Raman spectroscopy, and
      intracellular changes were observed by 1H spin echo nuclear magnetic resonance
      spectroscopy of the intact cell. The stimulus caused oxidation and depletion of
      the glutathione pool, which was followed at higher concentrations of Ellman's
      reagent by a depletion of intracellular ergothioneine levels. Larger changes are
      induced intracellularly than would be expected from the stoichiometry of the
      reaction at the exofacial surface. A mechanism is proposed which links exofacial
      sulfhydryl receptor sites via the transport proteins to spectrin and glutathione.
      The consequences for the cellular redox balance of an extracellular stimulus of
      this type are discussed.

PMID- 3410846
TI  - Rhesus fetal globin genes. Concerted gene evolution in the descent of higher
      primates.
AB  - The comparison of the nucleotide sequences of closely linked duplicated genes of
      higher eukaryotes has been important in the identification of molecular events
      that shape the evolution of mammalian genes, most notably recombinational events
      such as unequal crossovers and gene conversions. Toward this goal we have been
      comparing the nucleotide sequences of the paired gamma 1- and gamma 2-fetal
      globin genes from species of catarrhine primates. Previous comparisons document
      that, within each great ape species as in humans, the paired gamma-genes have
      been involved in gene conversion events. We now extend our analysis to the
      catarrhine superfamily Cercopithecoidea by obtaining the nucleotide sequence of
      the paired gamma 1- and gamma 2-genes of rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). The
      rhesus gamma 1- and gamma 2-genes diverge less from each other than from human,
      chimpanzee, gorilla, and orangutan gamma 1- or gamma 2-genes. This finding
      indicates that a species-specific gene conversion occurred between rhesus gamma 1
      and gamma 2-genes. This gamma-gene conversion (labeled C14 in our series)
      involved at least 1898 base pairs, extending across the complete transcriptional
      region of the rhesus gamma-genes. C14 could have resulted from a single large
      conversion or several short conversion events which may have involved the (TG)n
      repetitive sequence element. Parsimony analysis of the enlarged body of gamma
      gene sequence data also strengthens the evidence for the 14 previously suggested
      gamma-gene conversion events: labeled C2, C3, and C4 in Homo; C5, C6, and C7 in
      Pan; C8, C9, and C10 in Gorilla; C11, C12, C13 in Pongo; C1 in the stem to
      Homininae (the subfamily of Homo, Pan, and Gorilla) and CO in the stem of
      Hominidae (the family of Pongo and Homininae).

PMID- 3410847
TI  - Transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of rat hepatic 3-hydroxy-3
      methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase by thyroid hormones.
AB  - The mechanisms by which thyroid hormones increase hepatic 3-hydroxy-3
      methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase mRNA levels were investigated in
      hypophysectomized rats. Feeding these rats a diet supplemented with 0.5%
      desiccated porcine thyroid powder resulted in a 5-fold increase in the rate of
      transcription of the HMG-CoA reductase gene as measured by in vitro "run-on"
      transcription assays in isolated rat liver nuclei. Time courses of change in
      reductase mRNA, showing the kinetics of approach to new steady-state levels,
      indicate that reductase mRNA is also 4-6-fold more stable in thyroid hormone
      treated animals than in non-treated animals. Reductase mRNA decayed with a half
      life of 2.5 h when mevinolin, a potent inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase, and
      colestipol, a bile acid sequesterant, were removed from the diet of
      hypophysectomized rats. When these drugs were removed from the diet of thyroid
      hormone-treated hypophysectomized rats, reductase mRNA decayed with a half-life
      of 15 h. Treating rats with only mevinolin and colestipol increased reductase
      mRNA levels without stabilizing the mRNA. Administration of cycloheximide to
      thyroid hormone treated rats rapidly decreased HMG-CoA reductase mRNA levels by
      destabilizing reductase mRNA and decreasing reductase gene transcription.
      Cycloheximide treatment had no effect on beta-actin gene transcription or steady
      state levels of beta-actin mRNA. These results suggest that a short-lived
      protein(s) may mediate the transcriptional and post-transcriptional effects of
      thyroid hormones on HMG-CoA reductase mRNA levels.

PMID- 3410848
TI  - Evidence for a lecithin-retinol acyltransferase activity in the rat small
      intestine.
AB  - Cellular retinol-binding protein, type II (CRBP (II] is an abundant protein of
      the mature enterocytes of the small intestine. It has been shown to direct
      retinol to an acyl-CoA-independent esterifying activity that utilizes an
      endogenous acyl donor (Ong, D.E., Kakkad, B., and MacDonald, P.N. (1987) J. Biol.
      Chem. 262, 2729-2736). Here we report that this activity in intestinal microsomes
      will catalyze the transfer of acyl moieties from exogenous phosphatidylcholine
      (PC) to retinol-CRBP(II) to produce retinyl esters. The microsomal activity
      displayed positional selectivity as only the sn-1-acyl moiety of PC was
      transferred to retinol-CRBP(II). The retinyl ester synthase was selective for PC
      substrates as acyl transfer from phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidic acid, or
      free fatty acid to retinol-CRBP(II) was not observed. Some formation of retinyl
      esters was observed with exogenous acyl-CoA, but the amount produced was
      considerably lower than ester formation from exogenous PC and could be shown to
      be due to a different enzyme activity. Inhibitor studies clearly distinguished
      between the enzyme activities responsible for the acyl-CoA-dependent
      esterification and the phosphatidylcholine-dependent esterification of retinol.
      The results provide strong evidence that retinol-CRBP(II) esterification in the
      intestine proceeds via a phosphatidylcholine-dependent transacylase mechanism
      similar to that established for the esterification of cholesterol by lecithin
      cholesterol acyltransferase.

PMID- 3410849
TI  - The structure of nephritogenoside. A nephritogenic glycopeptide with alpha-N
      glycosidic linkage.
AB  - Nephritogenoside is a glycopeptide with the ability to induce chronic progressive
      glomerulonephritis (end stage kidney) in homologous animals, by a single footpad
      injection. This substance contains a novel carbohydrate-peptide linkage, i.e. the
      trisaccharide (3 glucose residues) chain is alpha-N-glycosidically linked to the
      polypeptide chain through the amido nitrogen of an asparagine residue at the N
      terminal. It was found that the peptide portion of nephritogenoside is composed
      of twenty-one amino acids (Asn1-Pro-Leu-Phe-Gly5-Ile-Ala-Gly-Glu-Asp10-Gly-Pro
      Thr-Gly-Pr o15-Ser-Gly-Ile- Val-Gly20-Gln21) and that the peptide portion has a
      repeated Gly-X-Y structure.

PMID- 3410850
TI  - Processing of the egg-laying hormone (ELH) precursor in the bag cell neurons of
      Aplysia.
AB  - Egg laying in Aplysia is mediated by a battery of neuropeptides released from the
      bag cell neurons. Predominant intermediates in the proteolytic processing of the
      Aplysia egg-laying hormone neuropeptide precursor were characterized using
      biochemical and immunological techniques. Following removal of the signal
      peptide, a rapid cleavage at the tetrabasic sequence Arg-Arg-Lys-Arg separates
      the amino and carboxyl regions of the prohormone. Processing of the carboxyl
      terminal portion of the precursor then proceeds rapidly via two further cleavages
      at dibasic residues, resulting in a well defined product mixture within 4 h of
      chase. By contrast, processing of the amino-terminal side of the molecule
      proceeds only partially to completion after 20 h of chase and a well defined set
      of intermediates is not observed. Molecular genetic, physiological, and
      behavioral studies in conjunction with the biochemical investigations presented
      here are defining the information flow which governs the egg-laying behavior of
      Aplysia.

PMID- 3410851
TI  - Selective cleavage of proenkephalin-derived peptides (less than 23,300 daltons)
      by plasma kallikrein.
AB  - The ability of human plasma kallikrein to hydrolyze several proenkephalin-derived
      peptides has been studied, including the synthetic peptides BAM 12P and peptides
      E, F, and B as well as synenkephalin-containing peptides (8.6, 18.2, and 23.3
      kDa) purified from bovine adrenal medulla chromaffin granules. All the identified
      cleavages occurred either COOH-terminal to or between pairs of basic amino acids,
      with plasma kallikrein recognizing Lys-Lys, Lys-Arg, and Arg-Arg as processing
      signals. Moreover, plasma kallikrein was found to cleave at the COOH terminus of
      the basic pairs of amino acids preceding enkephalin sequences thereby releasing
      the biologically active form of the peptide with the free NH2-terminal Tyr needed
      for receptor recognition.

PMID- 3410852
TI  - Biochemical and amino acid sequence analysis of human eosinophil granule major
      basic protein.
AB  - Eosinophil granule major basic protein (MBP) is a relatively low molecular weight
      cationic (pI greater than 10) protein present in the crystalloid core of the
      eosinophil granule. Amino acid sequence analysis of this protein was undertaken
      as part of an analysis of the structural basis of the potent cytotoxic activities
      of MBP on parasites and mammalian cells. Many conventional sequencing strategies
      were unworkable because of the unusual amino acid composition of MBP and its
      insolubility in solutions buffered at neutral pH. Less conventional chemical
      reactions, including cyanogen bromide-induced cleavage at tryptophan and acid
      induced cleavage at aspartic acid, were used successfully to obtain peptides
      which allowed definition of the amino acid sequence of MBP. Characterization of
      MBP by reverse-phase high pressure liquid chromatography and two-dimensional gel
      analysis showed no microheterogeneity that might be attributed to post
      translational modifications. Comparison of the MBP sequence with a protein
      sequence data base showed that MBP has no significant sequence homology with
      other characterized proteins. The basicity (pI 10.9) and hydrophobicity predicted
      from the MBP sequence are likely responsible for the observed affinity of this
      cytotoxic molecule for cell surfaces and some serum proteins.

PMID- 3410853
TI  - Activation of the adenovirus EIIa late promoter by a single-point mutation which
      enhances binding of transcription factor IID.
AB  - We have converted the TACAAA sequence present at position -29 of the adenovirus
      EIIa late promoter into a canonical TATA box by oligonucleotide-directed
      mutagenesis. When linear templates were analyzed in nuclear extracts,
      transcription of the mutant promoter showed a 10-fold higher level of activity
      than that of the wild-type promoter. This increase was correlated with an
      increased affinity of the mutant promoter for transcription initiation factor
      IID. Further analyses demonstrated that the activating functions of three EIIa
      late upstream promoter elements (Huang, D.-H., and Roeder, R.G. (1988) Mol. Cell.
      Biol. 8, 1906-1914) were maintained in the mutant promoter background. These
      observations indicated, first, that the upstream elements did not act merely to
      overcome a rate-limiting initiation step imposed by an inefficient TATA element
      and, second, that the strength of the interaction between transcription
      initiation factor IID and the TATA box was directly related to promoter activity.

PMID- 3410854
TI  - The molecular cloning and characterization of murine ferritin heavy chain, a
      tumor necrosis factor-inducible gene.
AB  - Ferritin is a ubiquitous and highly conserved protein which plays a major role in
      iron homeostasis. We have identified and sequenced a full-length cDNA for murine
      ferritin heavy chain. The isolated cDNA is 819 nucleotides in length. It includes
      546 nucleotides which encode a protein of 182 amino acids, a 5' noncoding
      sequence of 120 nucleotides, and a 3'-noncoding region of 153 nucleotides. The
      sequence displays a high degree of homology to human ferritin H, and includes a
      portion of the iron-responsive element conserved in chick, frog, and human
      ferritin. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), a cytokine which mediates elements of the
      stress response, induces expression of ferritin H mRNA. Both mouse TA1 adipocytes
      and human muscle cells increase expression of ferritin H mRNA 4-6-fold after 48 h
      exposure to TNF. This increase occurs both prior and subsequent to
      differentiation of adipocytes and muscle cells, and is accompanied by an increase
      in the synthesis of the ferritin H subunit. These findings suggest a novel role
      for TNF in iron metabolism.

PMID- 3410855
TI  - Site-specific glycosylation in animal cells. Substitution of glutamine for
      asparagine 293 in chicken ovalbumin does not allow glycosylation of asparagine
      312.
AB  - It has been shown previously that chicken ovalbumin synthesized and secreted in a
      heterologous cell system is glycosylated at the correct site and that the
      oligosaccharides at that site, similar to the protein made in hen oviduct, are
      predominantly of the hybrid type (Sheares, B. T., and Robbins, P. W. (1986) Proc.
      Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 83, 1993-1997). This site-specific glycosylation of
      Asn293, but not Asn312, suggested a prominent role for the nascent protein chain
      rather than the specific cell type in directing the proper attachment of
      oligosaccharide chains. In the present study, the effect of glycosylation at
      Asn293 on the glycosylation of Asn312 has been investigated. Using a 20-base
      oligodeoxynucleotide primer containing a 2-base mismatch, the codon for Asn293 in
      the chicken ovalbumin gene (AAC) was changed to that for Gln (CAA), thereby
      preventing glycosylation at amino acid 293. Constructions containing this
      mutation were transfected into mouse L (tk-) cells which were subsequently
      labeled with [35S]methionine. Ovalbumin secreted by these cells was recovered by
      immunoaffinity chromatography and analyzed for the presence of an oligosaccharide
      attached at Asn312. Treatment of the material with peptide:N-glycosidase F
      demonstrated that ovalbumin molecules containing Gln substituted for Asn293 were
      not glycosylated. This further supports our earlier hypothesis that the nascent
      protein chain is responsible for directing site-specific glycosylation of
      ovalbumin, and that the presence of an oligosaccharide chain at the first site
      has no influence on glycosylation at the second site.

PMID- 3410856
TI  - High-precision three-dimensional photogrammetric calibration and object space
      reconstruction using a modified DLT-approach.
AB  - Two modified DLT algorithms are presented that improve the accuracy of three
      dimensional object space reconstruction by almost an order of magnitude when
      compared with conventional methods. The improvement in the linear modified DLT
      (MDLT) algorithm is achieved by satisfying certain orthogonality conditions in
      the form of a non-linear constraint, thereby effectively eliminating a redundant
      DLT parameter. In the non-linear MDLT algorithm, the improvement and
      computational stability results from the appropriate elimination of implicit
      variables from one side of the approximating relations and the corresponding
      reformulation of the objective function to be minimized. The highest
      reconstruction accuracy of 0.733 mm rms mean error was obtained with the non
      linear MDLT algorithm. This corresponds to a spatial resolution of about one part
      in 2860 or 0.035% overall accuracy. The accuracy obtainable with the linear MDLT
      was found to be slightly less and about 0.041% (0.833 mm rms mean error).

PMID- 3410857
TI  - Human ankle joint stiffness over the full range of muscle activation levels.
AB  - System identification techniques have been used to track changes in dynamic
      stiffness of the human ankle joint over a wide range of muscle contraction
      levels. Subjects lay supine on an experimental table with their left foot encased
      in a rigid, low-inertia cast which was fixed to an electro-hydraulic actuator
      operating as a position servo. Subjects generated tonic plantarflexor or
      dorsiflexor torques of different magnitudes ranging from rest to maximum
      voluntary contractions (MVC) during repeated presentations of a stochastic ankle
      angular position perturbation. Compliance impulse response functions (IRF) were
      determined from every 2.5 s perturbation sequence. The gain (G), natural
      frequency (omega n), and damping (zeta) parameters of the second-order model
      providing the best fit to each IRF were determined and used to compute the
      corresponding inertial (I), viscous (B) and elastic (K) stiffness parameters. The
      behaviour of these parameters with mean torque was found to follow two simple
      rules. First, the elastic parameter (K) increased in proportion to mean ankle
      torque as it was varied from rest to MVC; these changes were considerable
      involving increases of more than an order of magnitude. Second, the damping
      parameter (zeta) remained almost invariant over the entire range of contractions
      despite the dramatic changes in K.

PMID- 3410858
TI  - A mechanical analysis of the closed Hancock heart valve prosthesis.
AB  - In order to obtain mechanical specifications for the design of an artificial
      leaflet valve prosthesis, a geometrically non-linear numerical model is developed
      of a closed Hancock leaflet valve prosthesis. In this model, the fibre
      reinforcement of the leaflet and the viscoelastic properties of frame and
      leaflets are incorporated. The calculations are primarily restricted to 1/6 part
      of the valve and a time varying pressure load is applied. The calculations are
      verified experimentally by measuring the commissure displacements and leaflet
      centre displacement of a Hancock valve. The numerically obtained commissure
      displacements are found to be linearly dependent on the pressure load, and the
      slope of the curves is hardly dependent on loading type and loading velocity.
      Experimentally a difference is found between the three commissure displacements,
      which is also predicted numerically using a simplified asymmetric total valve
      model. Besides, experimentally a clear dependency of commissure displacements on
      frame size is found. For the leaflet centre displacement, a qualitative agreement
      exists between numerical prediction and experimental result, although the
      numerical predicted values are systematically higher. The numerically obtained
      stress distributions revealed that the maximum von Mises intensity in the
      membranes occurs in the vicinity of the commissure in the free leaflet area (0.2
      N mm-2). Wrinkling of the membranes may occur in the coaptation area near the
      leaflet suspension. The maximum fibre stress is found near the aortic ring in the
      fibres which form the boundaries of the coaptation area (0.64 N mm-2). These
      locations seem to correlate with some common regions of tissue valve failure.

PMID- 3410859
TI  - A three-dimensional mathematical model of the human masticatory system predicting
      maximum possible bite forces.
AB  - A three-dimensional mathematical model of the human masticatory system,
      containing 16 muscle forces and two joint reaction forces, is described. The
      model allows simulation of static bite forces and concomitant joint reaction
      forces for various bite point locations and mandibular positions. The system
      parameters for the model were obtained from a cadaver head. Maximum possible bite
      forces were computed using optimization techniques; the optimization criterion we
      used was the minimizing of the relative activity of the most active muscle. The
      model predicts that at each specific bite point, bite forces can be generated in
      a wide range of directions, and that the magnitude of the maximum bite force
      depends on its direction. The relationship between bite force direction and its
      maximum magnitude depends on bite point location and mandibular position. In
      general, the direction of the largest possible bite force does not coincide with
      the direction perpendicular to the occlusal plane.

PMID- 3410860
TI  - In vivo muscular force analysis during the isometric flexion on a monkey's elbow.
AB  - An experimental method has been developed to analyse muscular forces and torques
      in vivo during isometric flexion of the elbow in small monkeys (Macaca
      fascicularis). A mini-transducer was built with a view to measure forces in situ,
      without cutting tendons. The positions of tendon insertions were measured on
      anatomical parts, then integrated in a series of calculations aiming of deducing
      the lever arms of forces to be included in a torque equilibrium relationship.
      Muscle activity of the three main flexors was measured for five angles of
      isometric flexion between 70 degrees and 110 degrees, 0 degrees corresponding to
      the full extended forearm. The analysed signals were selected using physiological
      and biomechanical criteria. Then, results corresponding to force participation,
      and torque participations, were worked out; they are presented and discussed in
      the present paper.

PMID- 3410861
TI  - Dynamic analysis of flutter in disk type mechanical heart valve prostheses.
AB  - Parametric study of the low frequency oscillations occasionally observed in
      certain types of disc type prosthetic heart valves (PHV) are carried out using a
      finite element technique. The analysis is performed to determine the frequencies
      of the dynamic fluttering with the help of the 'ANSYS' computer program. The
      results show that the frequencies of the dynamic fluttering for both the circular
      occluders and the semi-circular occluders are at least two orders of magnitude
      higher than that observed in vivo. It is thus concluded that the clinically
      observed leaflet oscillations should not be a dynamic flutter phenomenon. Rather,
      the vortex shedding has been assumed to be the cause of these oscillations.

PMID- 3410862
TI  - Biomechanics of reactions to impending falls.
AB  - Responses of 11 young adult males, initially standing, to support surface forward
      accelerations of 0.18 g were investigated. In response to the impending falls
      this stimulus initiated, body segment motions and myoelectric activities in six
      muscles were measured. These measurements were then input to 9 or 12 segment
      whole body biomechanical models and the reaction joint torques needed to produce
      the motions were calculated. Mean relative joint rotations were as large as 92.8
      degrees and calculated relative joint angular accelerations as large as 29.7 rad
      s-2. Mean myoelectric signal latencies in the six muscles monitored ranged from
      135 ms at the ankles to 176 ms at the shoulders with intermediate values at
      intermediate joints. Mean values of calculated maximum joint torques ranged to 70
      Nm at the ankles, 82 Nm at the knees, 73 Nm at the hips, and 19 Nm at the
      shoulders.

PMID- 3410863
TI  - The mechanics of the anal sphincter complex.
AB  - The anal sphincter complex consists of circumferentially arranged muscle fibres,
      which surround a relatively thick anal lining. This apparatus was modelled
      mechanistically as two concentric homogeneous isotropic linear elastic cylinders.
      The inner cylinder (anal lining) was considered to be thick walled, while the
      outer (the circular muscle) was assumed to be thin walled. The model predicts
      that the anal sphincter tension varies linearly with luminal diameter. This
      prediction was confirmed experimentally under normal conditions as well as during
      external sphincter contraction and internal sphincter relaxation. Under
      conditions of negligible hoop stress in the anal lining the model also predicts
      that the intra-luminal pressure falls to zero before the luminal diameter reaches
      zero. Hence, an autoregulatory mechanism of anal cushion thickening, as the
      luminal pressure falls to zero, to produce anal closure was proposed.
      Deficiencies in this autoregulation mechanism may explain anal incontinence and
      the obstructed defaecation often found in subjects with haemorrhoids.

PMID- 3410864
TI  - A nonlinear finite element analysis of interface conditions in porous coated hip
      endoprostheses.
AB  - We used a geometrically simplified finite element model to investigate load
      transfer between a porous coated hip endoprosthesis and a femur. Assuming both
      rigidly bonded and nonlinear interfaces, we analyzed fully and partially coated
      stems that had coatings of different elastic moduli. Our results indicate that
      maximum values for relative motion in the interface between bone and implant
      occur for implants with the same elastic modulus as compact bone. By comparison,
      interface motion is reduced by about half for Co-Cr-Mo alloy stems. We also
      showed that the elastic modulus of the porous coating had only a small influence
      on bone stresses.

PMID- 3410865
TI  - Application of a magnetic tracking device to kinesiologic studies.
AB  - A magnetic position and orientation tracking system is currently available for
      the determination of the position and orientation of a sensor relative to a
      source by utilizing the principle of low-frequency magnetic field technology. The
      application of this system for biomechanical analysis of human movement is
      examined in this study. Studies of both planar particle motion and spatial rigid
      body motion based on Eulerian angle description and screw displacement axis
      description have been performed. The system has been found to be quite accurate
      and easy to use, and it would be a useful tool in kinesiologic research.

PMID- 3410866
TI  - Effects of a grooved epoxy substratum on epithelial cell behavior in vitro and in
      vivo.
AB  - The effects of grooved epoxy substrata on epithelial (E) cell behavior were
      studied in vitro and in vivo. V-shaped grooves, 10 microns deep, were produced in
      silicon wafers by micromachining, a process which was developed for the
      fabrication of microelectronic components. The grooved substrata were replicated
      in epoxy resin. More E cells attached to grooved surfaces than to adjacent smooth
      surfaces. Clusters of E cells were markedly oriented by the grooved surfaces in
      comparison to the adjacent smooth surfaces where the orientation was random.
      Grooved and smooth epoxy implants were placed percutaneously in the parietal area
      of rats. One week after implantation E cells were found to adhere tightly to the
      implant surfaces. In the grooved portion of the implant E cells interdigitated
      into the grooves and had rounded nuclei. Histomorphometric measurements indicated
      that there was a shorter length of epithelial attachment and a longer length of
      connective tissue attachment in the grooved, compared to the smooth, portion of
      implants. After 10 days the epithelial attachment had migrated down the length of
      the protruding smooth portion of the implant and was located on the base of the
      implant. However, epithelium remained attached to the grooved portion of the
      implant. These observations indicate that grooved surfaces have the potential to
      impede epithelial downgrowth on percutaneous devices.

PMID- 3410867
TI  - Silicone rubber temporomandibular joint (TMJ) meniscal replacements: postimplant
      histopathologic and material evaluation.
AB  - Medical grade silicone rubber has long been considered a suitable meniscal
      replacement, but there has been increasing concern about migration of this
      material into adjacent tissues. The objectives of this study were to determine
      the definitive composition of tissue-incorporated material which is presumed by
      light microscopy to be silicone and to identify long term histopathologic
      sequelae of meniscal replacements. Adult female patients underwent meniscectomy
      and replacement with silicone rubber (Silastic) implants. After 12 to 18 months,
      recurrence of symptoms in 8% of these cases led to implant removal with excision
      of peri-implant fibrous pseudocapsules. Excised tissues, including one
      preauricular lymph node and implants were submitted for light microscopy, SEM,
      and energy dispersive x-ray microanalysis (EDX) for the identification of
      elemental composition, critical surface tension measurement, and internal
      reflection infrared spectroscopy. EDX revealed prominent peaks for silicon in
      both pseudocapsular and nodal tissues. Morphologic findings surrounding the long
      term implants included foreign body reaction, synovitis, dystrophic
      calcification, fibrocartilaginous metaplasia, hyalinization, and scarring.
      Particulate silicone debris induced a pathologic response in the tissues and
      migrated to nodes. These findings suggest that periodic evaluation be performed
      over the life of such implants to rule out breakdown under function. These
      findings should intensify the search for improvements or replacements for
      silicone rubber as an interpositional material in the temporomandibular joint.

PMID- 3410868
TI  - Colonization of n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive by Staphylococcus
      epidermidis.
AB  - In vitro adhesion of Staphylococcus epidermidis to cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive
      surfaces was investigated by employing a modified Robbins device. Bacterial
      colonization of n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive polymer surfaces was
      demonstrated by employing scanning electron microscopy, epifluorescence
      technique, and aerobic plate counts. The S. epidermidis was found to rapidly
      colonize the n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate polymer surface producing a biofilm composed
      of embedded bacteria in an extensive amorphous matrix that totally occludes the
      material surface. The results indicate that the bacteriocidal properties of the
      polymer to this bacteria are weak or absent.

PMID- 3410869
TI  - Estimation of surface-bound heparin activity: a comparison of methods.
AB  - We compared two assays for estimating the amount of active heparin bound to a
      catheter surface: 1) a kinetic assay based on the inactivation of thrombin by
      antithrombin III, and 2) thrombin uptake. Both assays were used to estimate the
      amount of heparin activity on a series of catheters coated with no heparin,
      covalently bound heparin, and ionically bound heparin. The kinetic assay produced
      estimates of surface-bound heparin activity and showed that some binding methods
      resulted in destruction of most of the heparin's biologic activity. In contrast,
      the thrombin uptake assay did not correlate with the amount of heparin activity
      on the catheter surface. Substantial thrombin uptake was found on surfaces coated
      with no heparin or inactive heparin, while low thrombin uptake was found on
      surfaces with high levels of heparin activity in the kinetic assay. We conclude
      that: 1) a kinetic assay based on the heparin accelerated inactivation of
      thrombin by antithrombin III can be used to estimate the amount of active heparin
      bound to a catheter surface, and 2) thrombin uptake studies do not correlate with
      heparin activity and do not predict which heparin binding method will result in
      the highest concentration of active heparin on the catheter surface.

PMID- 3410870
TI  - Analysis of in vitro enzymatic and oxidative degradation of polyurethanes.
AB  - In vitro biodegradation studies were performed to assess the long-term stability
      of poly(ether urethane) (PEU) implants. Three PEU's and one poly(ester urethane)
      were treated with enzymes characteristic of those released from inflammatory
      cells during the foreign body reaction. In addition, the effect of hydrogen
      peroxide was observed to examine oxidative degradation. Polymers were prepared as
      thin films on glass, gold, silver, and copper substrates to test the possibility
      of metal-catalyzed degradation. Molecular weights and polydispersities of the
      polymers were measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) before and after
      treatment. Changes in peak shape and location were also monitored. The results
      demonstrate that varying degrees of both enzymatic and oxidative degradation
      occurred.

PMID- 3410871
TI  - The corrosion fatigue properties of surgical implants in a living body.
AB  - Fatigue fracture of artificial implants in the human body, caused by the repeated
      application of stress, is well documented. It is known that the fatigue strength
      of implant materials decreases when they are exposed under in vivo corrosion
      conditions. There are, however, no investigations concerning the effect of body
      fluids on the fatigue characteristics of commonly used biomaterials. Accordingly,
      fatigue tests on machined stainless-steel AISI 316, and COP alloy rods have been
      conducted in the right lower leg of rabbit. These specimens were pierced through
      the hole drilled at the middle of the tibial bone. A cyclic tensile stress of
      frequency 5 or 10 Hz was applied to the rods. From the results, it was found that
      the fatigue strength at 5 x 10(6) cycles for AISI 316 under the in vivo
      environment was 680 MPa compared to 830 MPa in air and similarly for COP alloy,
      was 680 MPa in the living body compared to 800 MPa in air. These remarkable
      changes in fatigue strength associated with the in vivo environments are
      considered to be due to the corrosive action of body fluids on the biomaterials.

PMID- 3410872
TI  - Crystallographic structure and surface morphology of sintered carbonated
      apatites.
AB  - Densely sintered synthetic hydroxyapatite (HA) is used as an implant material
      because of its excellent tissue biocompatibility. In order to maximize the
      biological potential of this calcium phosphate, we have investigated the
      incorporation of carbonate into HA to make a material which more closely
      resembles the mineral found in bones and teeth. The aim of the present study was
      to determine the conditions under which sintered carbonated apatites of specific
      carbonate content could be produced. The apatites were prepared by heating
      compressed pellets of precipitated carbonated apatite under a carbon
      dioxide/steam or nitrogen/steam atmosphere between 825 and 1050 degrees C. The
      products were analyzed chemically and the surfaces examined by x-ray diffraction,
      infrared spectroscopy, reflected light microscopy, and scanning electron
      microscopy. The results showed that carbonate loss during sintering could be
      reliably predicted, making it possible to produce materials with specific
      carbonate content, and with specific physical and chemical composition.

PMID- 3410873
TI  - Thermomechanical study of Ni-Ti alloys.
AB  - A preliminary study was conducted to demonstrate the usefulness of the combined
      technique of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and mechanical testing for
      the shape memory metals of 54NiTi and 53NiTiCo(3%) alloys. The DSC technique was
      used to measure precise transformation temperatures and the amount of thermal
      energy required for the corresponding phase transformation. The degree of plastic
      deformation by bending and the effect of alloying (such as Co) were studied with
      combined DSC and mechanical property measurements.

PMID- 3410874
TI  - Phospholipid bilayer membranes play decisive roles in the cytochrome P-450
      dependent monooxygenase system.
AB  - Hepatic microsomal monooxygenase was reconstituted by incorporating cytochrome P
      450 and NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase, which had been purified from
      phenobarbital-pretreated rabbit liver microsomes, into phospholipid liposomal
      membranes. The NADPH-dependent monooxygenase activity of the reconstituted system
      was found to be dependent on the phospholipid-to-protein ratio, i.e., the two
      dimensional concentration of the two proteins on the plane of the membranes. A
      similar concentration dependence was also observed in the cytochrome b5 and NADH
      cytochrome b5 system, which had been incorporated into liposomal membranes. The
      diffusion process of the proteins in the membrane, therefore, plays an important
      role in the monooxygenase system. When the fluidity of the membrane was changed
      by utilizing a synthetic dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine, which shows a well
      defined gel to liquid crystalline phase transition, the activation energy of the
      monooxygenase reaction was changed at around the phase transition temperature,
      suggesting a conformational change of cytochrome P-450 caused by the fluidity
      change of the membrane. The incorporation of P-450 into liposomes was also found
      to affect the binding of substrates to cytochrome P-450. The decrease in the
      apparent dissociation constant of substrates upon incorporation into membranes
      suggests that the lipid membrane acts as a pool for hydrophobic substrates, which
      are concentrated in the lipid phase, and that cytochrome P-450 takes substrates
      directly from the membrane phase. Phospholipid membranes, therefore, play very
      important roles in various phases of the reaction of cytochrome P-450-dependent
      monooxygenase.

PMID- 3410875
TI  - Influence of ring substituents on the antitumor effect of dichloro(1,2
      diphenylethylenediamine)platinum(II) complexes.
AB  - Diastereomeric para-substituted dichloro(1,2-diphenylethylenediamine)platinum(II)
      complexes were synthesized and tested for their antitumor activity on the human
      MDA-MB 231 breast cancer cell line and the P 388 leukemia of the mouse. An
      interaction with the DNA was demonstrated by UV difference spectroscopy. The D,L
      configurated, 4-fluoro-substituted complex was the most active.

PMID- 3410876
TI  - Hyperthermic suppression of a genetically programmed melanoma in hybrids of
      fishes: genus Xiphophorus.
AB  - In fishes of the genus Xiphophorus, hybrid offspring of the spotted dorsal female
      platyfish, X. maculatus, and male swordtails, X. helleri, are genetically
      programmed to develop melanoma when raised at ambient laboratory temperatures.
      When these hybrid offspring were raised under hyperthermic conditions, there was
      no development of melanoma. Electron microscopy revealed degenerative changes in
      the melanocytes of heat-treated hybrids not seen in hybrids raised at ambient
      temperatures. The platyfish-swordtail melanoma system represents an appropriate
      model for the investigation of the relationship between hyperthermia and melanoma
      formation and treatment in poikilothermic vertebrates.

PMID- 3410877
TI  - Analysis of metastatic competence of mouse bladder carcinoma cells after
      transfection with activated Ha-ras or N-ras oncogenes.
AB  - Transfection of the Ha-ras oncogene into a low metastatic epithelial cell line
      resulted in the acquirement of significantly increased metastatic capacity. This
      alteration in metastatic competence of a carcinoma line in a syngeneic system
      seemed to be a selective change and was not affected by parameters such as tumor
      latency period or local tumor growth. Transfection of the selection marker
      vectors with normal cellular DNA or with the N-ras gene did not lead to
      significantly increased metastatic capacity. Analysis of metastatic variants
      after oncogene transfection and in vivo selection showed integration of N-ras,
      but not of Ha-ras oncogenes. A possible role for the Ha-ras oncogene in the
      initial steps of metastasis will be discussed.

PMID- 3410878
TI  - Effect of antibodies against cytochrome P-450 on demethylation and denitrosation
      of N-nitrosodimethylamine and N-nitrosomethylaniline.
AB  - Rat liver microsomes which were induced either with ethanol or PB were incubated
      with NDMA or NMA. Formaldehyde generation and nitrite formation were measured as
      metabolic parameters for oxidative bioactivation and denitrosation, respectively.
      The influence of antiserum PB3a1 and PB22 containing antibodies against the
      corresponding cytochrome P-450 species on both metabolic functions was
      investigated. The results showed that the influence on formaldehyde production
      and denitrosation varied independently in that both parameters were either not
      affected, or influenced in an opposite way, or inhibited to a different degree.
      Especially remarkable was the 80% inhibition of formaldehyde generation
      accompanied by no change in the nitrite formation by antiserum PB3a in ethanol
      induced microsomes when NDMA was used as substrate. The 80% inhibition of
      formaldehyde production by antiserum PB3a was in contrast to no inhibition by
      antiserum PB2 under the same conditions. Denitrosation of NMA by PB-induced
      microsomes was inhibited by antiserum PB3a, but activated by antiserum PB2. It is
      concluded that oxidative demethylation and reductive denitrosation can be
      mediated by different cytochrome P-450 forms.

PMID- 3410879
TI  - The effect of tamoxifen and medroxyprogesterone on giant cell formation by
      monocytes from patients with breast cancer.
AB  - Incubation of peripheral blood monocytes from patients with breast cancer under
      agarose for 6 days at 37 degrees C in a 5% CO2 atmosphere resulted in giant cell
      formation. This phenomenon appeared to be mediated by retroviruses present in
      these cells. In this study giant cell formation was investigated in patients with
      primary stage I and II breast cancer before and 3 months after mastectomy with
      axillary lymph node clearance. Mastectomy had no significant inhibitory effect on
      giant cell formation. In vitro incubation of monocytes from patients with breast
      cancer in the presence of tamoxifen (Nolvadex) resulted in significant inhibition
      of giant cell formation (P less than 0.000003; paired Student's t-test). In vitro
      addition of medroxyprogesterone (Farlutal) to monocytes from patients with breast
      cancer also resulted in significant inhibition of giant cell formation (P less
      than 0.003: paired Student's t-test). Furthermore, incubation of monocytes from
      patients treated by mastectomy followed by 3 months treatment with adjuvant
      tamoxifen, resulted in a significant reduction (P less than 0.00007; paired
      Student's t-test) in the number of giant cells compared to the same samples
      tested before the commencement of the treatment. Giant cell formation may be used
      as a simple test to predicte the response of patients with breast cancer to
      either tamoxifen or medroxyprogesterone.

PMID- 3410880
TI  - Risks for respiratory and gastric cancer in wood-working occupations in Denmark.
AB  - Cases of cancer notified to the Danish Cancer Registry during the period 1970 to
      1984 in the age groups 16 to 66 years have been linked to information on
      employment kept on file in the nationwide Supplementary Pension Fund since 1964.
      Industrial hygienists classified industrial groups as defined by the Pension Fund
      with regard to exposure to wood dust, and a list of industries with major
      exposure to wood dust was defined. The risk for cancer of the respiratory system
      and the gastrointestinal tract was evaluated by means of a proportional cancer
      incidence analysis. A fourfold increase in risk for sinonasal cancer was found
      among men involved in the manufacture of wooden furniture, and a twofold increase
      in risk for gastric cancer was seen in all of the component industries of basic
      wood-processing. In contrast, no excess of gastric cancer could be detected in
      men working in the manufacture of wooden building materials and wooden furniture,
      and a risk below unity was seen for those in carpentry and joinery. The elevated
      risk for gastric cancer in some wood-processing industries is probably due to
      social factors also common to men in agriculture and manufacturing. The absence
      of an increased risk for gastric cancer in trades in which a high risk for
      sinonasal cancer is seen indicates that wood dust is not of aetiological
      importance for gastric cancer. No excess of total lung cancer or of the
      adenocarcinoma subtype was seen in any of the wood-processing industries.

PMID- 3410881
TI  - The value of bone marrow examination for tumor staging in breast cancer.
AB  - The purpose of our study was to investigate the value of cytokeratin antibodies
      for identifying bone marrow involvement in breast cancer patients who showed no
      evidence of distant metastases using noninvasive tumor staging procedures. Bone
      marrow for histological (biopsy) and immunocytochemical (aspiration) evaluation
      was obtained from the anterior iliac crest from 50 unselected consecutive women
      during surgical treatment of the primary tumor. The histological examination was
      done on nondecalcified bone sections. The immunocytochemical studies were carried
      out on interface smears of the bone marrow aspirates. For staining, cytokeratin
      antibodies (PKK 1) and the immune alkaline phosphatase method was used.
      Cytokeratin-positive cells were found in 4 of the 50 cases (8%). Of those 4
      patients, however, 2 also showed evidence of neoplastic bone marrow infiltration
      histologically. We thus were able to prove that immunocytochemistry on aspirates
      is superior to conventional histology in identifying tumor in bone marrow.
      Nonetheless, our results clearly fell below the rate found in previous studies
      where epithelial membrane antigen antibodies were used.

PMID- 3410882
TI  - Wikstroemia indica promotes development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in rats
      initiated by dinitrosopiperazine.
AB  - Nasopharyngeal carcinoma was induced in an initiation/promotion model in rats by
      s.c. injection of dinitrosopiperazine in the nasopharyngeal cavity. This was
      followed by repeated 10-cal administration of an extract of roots of the Chinese
      medicinal herb WI (botanical family: Thymelaeaceae). Three groups of rats were
      used: group-1 received DNP followed by repeated WI; group-2 received DNP once;
      group-3 received WI repeatedly. At 180-205 days after DNP + WI administration 26%
      of the rats in that group exhibited NPC (two were carcinomas in situ and four
      were early infiltrating carcinomas). In the other two groups no carcinomas were
      found. In the group which received DNP followed by WI, other pathological
      changes, such as hyperplasia of nasopharyngeal epithelium, squamous metaplasia,
      and papillary hyperplasia, were also more frequent than that in the other two
      groups.

PMID- 3410883
TI  - Beneficial response of local immunotherapy with Propionibacterium granulosum KP
      45 in combined treatment of inflammatory breast carcinoma.
AB  - Nine 44- to 67-year-old patients with inflammatory breast carcinoma were treated
      over 2 weeks with intratumoral injections of Propionibacterium granulosum KP-45
      (KP). This period of immunotherapy was succeeded by four courses of
      chemoimmunotherapy (FAC: 5-fluorouracil, adriamycin, and cyclophosphamide +
      intratumoral KP). Inflammatory symptoms disappeared in three patients during
      immunotherapy and in the remaining six patients during the following
      chemoimmunotherapy. Finally, 3 to 4 months after starting the therapy, all nine
      patients were free from inflammatory symptoms and it became possible to perform
      radical (seven cases) or simple (two cases) surgery. Thereafter routine therapy
      (radiotherapy, fractionated dose of 5500 R, followed by 10 FAC courses + single
      injections of KP for each FAC course) was used. After 19 to 32 months observation
      time all patients are still in complete remission with no local recurrences. Only
      one patient showed distant metastases during the observation period.

PMID- 3410885
TI  - Uptake of copper by mouse hepatocytes.
AB  - This study has investigated the uptake of copper by mouse hepatocytes. The cells
      gave similar results whether they were used right after isolation or maintained
      overnight on collagen-coated dishes. Uptake from cells in suspension followed two
      phases: an initial rapid binding followed by a linear uptake phase. The two
      phases were not so easily distinguishable in cells grown in culture where uptake
      was linear over the first hour. The uptake showed saturation but may not have
      followed simple kinetics. Histidine stimulated uptake in a concentration
      dependent manner, as did some other amino acids, but copper had very little
      effect on histidine uptake. The process was not dependent on intracellular
      adenosine triphosphate (ATP), since inhibitors that substantially reduced ATP
      levels inside the cell did not alter copper uptake. The inhibitors, however,
      blocked histidine uptake to varying degrees, suggesting that copper and histidine
      are taken up by different pathways. The uptake was reduced markedly by N-ethyl
      maleimide, and preincubation of the cells with "Pronase" resulted in a decrease
      of uptake. A model for the uptake of copper by hepatocytes that incorporates the
      data presented in this paper with that produced by earlier workers is suggested.

PMID- 3410884
TI  - Differential expression of mRNA coding for heparin-binding growth factor type 2
      in human cells.
AB  - The proliferation of normal human fibroblasts, keratinocytes, and melanocytes in
      vitro can be controlled by purified polypeptide growth factors and serum. We have
      studied the cellular expression of the heparin-binding growth factor type 2/basic
      fibroblast growth factor (HBGF-2/bFGF) gene to determine whether these cell types
      synthesize mRNA for this mitogen. Our results indicate that normal human
      fibroblasts synthesize four distinct mRNAs of 7.0, 3.7, 2.2, and 1.5 kilobases,
      which hybridize to a specific HBGF-2/bFGF cDNA probe. In fibroblasts, the level
      of all four of these transcripts increases dramatically (more than tenfold)
      within 4 hours of treatment of quiescent cells with fresh fetal bovine serum. Of
      the purified growth factors tested, transforming growth factor type-beta also
      increased HBGF-2/bFGF mRNA abundance, but not to the levels attained by serum
      treatment. Treatment of fibroblasts with cycloheximide before and during serum
      treatment blocked the ability of serum to induce the expression of the HBGF
      2/bFGF gene. The gene is expressed at low levels in human fibroblasts rapidly
      growing in serum-free medium and at higher levels in cells rapidly growing in
      serum-containing medium. In contrast to fibroblasts, mRNA coding for HBGF-2/bFGF
      is undetectable in proliferating normal human keratinocytes, melanocytes, or
      mammary epithelial cells. Because keratinocytes and melanocytes proliferate in
      response to purified HBGF-2/bFGF, our results suggest that HBGF-2/bFGF may
      mediate the proliferation of epidermal cells through paracrine mechanisms
      involving stromal fibroblasts. Moreover, we have shown that a human squamous cell
      carcinoma cell line (SCC-25) expresses mRNA coding for HBGF-2/bFGF, suggesting
      that the gene may become activated in some carcinomas.

PMID- 3410886
TI  - Tissue-specific analogues of erythrocyte protein 4.1 retain functional domains.
AB  - Analogues of the human erythroid membrane skeletal component protein 4.1 have
      been identified in perfused rat tissues and human T and B lymphocyte cell lines.
      olyclonal antibodies were used which are specific for all domains of protein 4.1,
      the spectrin-actin-promoting 8-Kd peptide, the membrane-binding 30-Kd domain, and
      the 50-Kd domain. Antibody reactivity, by Western blotting of tissue homogenates,
      shows reactivity with proteins varying in molecular weight from 175 Kd to 30 Kd.
      Further, these protein 4.1 analogues appear to be expressed in a tissue-specific
      fashion. Of the analogues detected there appear to be at least three classes:
      analogues containing all erythroid protein 4.1 domains, analogues containing all
      domains but with modified antigenic epitopes, and analogues containing only some
      domains. Chemical cleavage at cysteine linkages indicates that in analogues
      containing the 30-Kd region the location of cysteine is highly conserved. This
      datum suggests that in nonerythroid 4.1 isoforms of higher molecular weight the
      additional protein mass is added to the amino terminal end (30 Kd end).

PMID- 3410887
TI  - Relationship of pseudopod extension to chemotactic hormone-induced actin
      polymerization in amoeboid cells.
AB  - Aggregation-competent amoeboid cells of Dictyostelium discoideum are chemotactic
      toward cAMP. Video microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to
      quantitate changes in cell morphology and locomotion during uniform upshifts in
      the concentration of cAMP. These studies demonstrate that morphological and
      motile responses to cAMP are sufficiently synchronous within a cell population to
      allow relevant biochemical analyses to be performed on large numbers of cells.
      Changes in cell behavior were correlated with F-actin content by using an NBD
      phallacidin binding assay. These studies demonstrate that actin polymerization
      occurs in two stages in response to stimulation of cells with extracellular cAMP
      and involves the addition of monomers to the cytochalasin D-sensitive (barbed)
      ends of actin filaments. The second stage of actin assembly, which peaks at 60
      sec following an upshift in cAMP concentration, is temporally correlated with the
      growth of new pseudopods. The F-actin assembled by 60 sec is localized in these
      new pseudopods. These results indicate that actin polymerization may constitute
      one of the driving forces for pseudopod extension in amoeboid cells and that
      nucleation sites regulating polymerization are under the control of chemotaxis
      receptors.

PMID- 3410888
TI  - Caldesmon: a common actin-linked regulatory protein in the smooth muscle and
      nonmuscle contractile system.
AB  - Caldesmon was originally purified from gizzard smooth muscle as a major
      calmodulin-binding protein which also interacts with actin filaments. It has an
      alternative binding ability to either calmodulin or actin filaments depending
      upon the concentration of Ca2+ ("flip-flop binding"). Two forms of caldesmon
      (Mr's in the range of 120-150 kDa and 70-80 kDa) have been demonstrated in a wide
      variety of smooth muscles and nonmuscle cells. Immunohistochemical studies
      suggest that caldesmon is colocalized with actin filaments in vivo. Considering
      its abundance, the Ca2+-dependent flip-flop binding ability to either calmodulin
      or actin filaments, and its intracellular localization, caldesmon is expected to
      be involved in contractile events. Recent results from our laboratory have led to
      the conclusion that caldesmon regulates the smooth muscle and nonmuscle actin
      myosin interaction and the smooth muscle actin-high Mr actin-binding protein (ABP
      or filamin) interactin in a flip-flop manner. It might function in cell motility
      by regulating the contractile system.

PMID- 3410889
TI  - Reversed-phase ion-interaction chromatography of leukotrienes, lipoxins and
      related compounds.
AB  - A novel mobile phase containing heptafluorobutyric acid has been used for ion
      interaction high-performance liquid chromatography of leukotrienes, lipoxins and
      related compounds on octadecylsilane silica columns. The use of a hydrophobic
      perfluorinated carboxylic acid as an ion-interaction agent at optimized
      concentration and pH permitted rapid, isocratic separation of leukotrienes,
      lipoxins and monohydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids. A completely volatile mobile
      phase suitable for preparative chromatography was obtained by using triethylamine
      as the base for pH adjustment. With this novel mobile phase, leukotrienes and
      monohydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids were completely separated in less than 15 min.

PMID- 3410890
TI  - Analysis of cephalexin from canine skin biopsy by liquid chromatography with
      ultraviolet-visible photodiode-array detection.
AB  - A sensitive and selective ion-paired liquid chromatographic method with UV-VIS
      photodiode-array detection was developed to measure cephalexin in skin biopsy
      samples. The method involved a sonication of minced canine skin with ethanol
      acetonitrile-water (30:20:50, v/v/v) and ultrafiltration of received extract
      through 10,000 daltons. Separation of cephalexin from other components was by
      liquid chromatography using a reversed-phase column which was eluted with an ion
      paired acetonitrile-water solution. Detection was achieved with a UV-VIS
      photodiode-array detector scanning from 230 to 320 nm. Cephalexin in the eluate
      was quantitated at its wavelength maximum of 260 nm. The evaluation of
      chromatographic peak homogeneity was performed by absorbance ratios, contour
      maps, first-derivative spectra and a three-dimensional spectrochromatogram.
      Additionally, the cephalexin peak identity was confirmed by liquid chromatography
      mass spectrometry.

PMID- 3410891
TI  - Determination of nalbuphine by high-performance liquid chromatography with
      electrochemical detection: application to clinical samples from postoperative
      patients.
AB  - A rapid, selective and reproducible high-performance liquid chromatographic assay
      with electrochemical detection was developed for the determination of nalbuphine
      in human plasma. The method involves extraction with chloroform-isopropanol at pH
      9.4, back-extraction into dilute phosphoric acid and reversed-phase
      chromatography on a microBondapak phenyl column. The recovery of nalbuphine and
      naltrexone (internal standard) was greater than 90%. Calibration curves were
      linear over a concentration range of 3-36 ng/ml with coefficients of variation,
      within-day or between-day, not exceeding 8% at any level. Although the limit of
      detection was 0.3 ng/ml based on a signal-to-noise ratio of 3, the reliable limit
      of quantitation was 1 ng/ml (coefficient of variation 12%) using 1 ml of plasma.
      The dual-electrode detector was operated in the screening mode of oxidation
      (electrode 1, 0.3 V and electrode 2, 0.6 V), providing a greater specificity and
      reducing background noise. This procedure was applied to a large number of
      clinical samples in an intravenous dose-range pharmacokinetic study in patients.

PMID- 3410892
TI  - Combined thin-layer chromatography-photography-densitometry for the quantitation
      of cyclophosphamide and its four principal urinary metabolites.
AB  - A novel method for the quantitative determination of the anti-cancer drug
      cyclophosphamide and its principal urinary metabolites 4-oxocyclophosphamide,
      carboxyphosphamide, phosphoramide mustard and bis(2-chloroethyl)amine has been
      devised. The assay combines adsorption of drug-related material onto Amberlite
      XAD-2 and thin-layer chromatography with spot visualization using 4-(4
      nitrobenzyl)pyridine, rapid photography and densitometry. The intra-assay
      coefficient of variation for each compound was less than 6%. The limit of
      detection of the assay was 1 microgram ml-1 for cyclophosphamide, phosphoramide
      mustard and bis(2-chloroethyl)amine and 0.5 microgram ml-1 for 4
      oxocyclophosphamide and carboxyphosphamide. The method was validated for
      cyclophosphamide and 4-oxocyclophosphamide using gas chromatography. It is
      concluded that the method provides the first means of determining the full
      metabolic spectrum for cyclophosphamide in patients without recourse to the
      administration of radioisotopically labelled drug.

PMID- 3410893
TI  - S-(+)-flunoxaprofen chloride as chiral fluorescent reagent.

PMID- 3410894
TI  - Determination of vitellogenin in serum of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) by high
      performance gel permeation chromatography.

PMID- 3410895
TI  - Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric study of urinary metabolism of melperone.

PMID- 3410896
TI  - Determination of eproxindine hydrochloride in human plasma by capillary gas
      chromatography.

PMID- 3410897
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic assay of cephalexin in serum and urine.

PMID- 3410898
TI  - Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography of dactinomycin.

PMID- 3410899
TI  - Column liquid chromatographic analysis of barbiturates in biological fluids.

PMID- 3410900
TI  - Improved high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the analysis of serum
      sotalol.

PMID- 3410901
TI  - Determination of albuterol in human serum by reversed-phase high-performance
      liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection.

PMID- 3410902
TI  - Novel method for high-performance liquid chromatography of azo derivatives of
      conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin.
AB  - A method for the separation and quantitation of ethyl anthranilate or p
      iodoaniline azo derivatives of bile pigments was developed using reversed-phase
      high-performance liquid chromatography. A convenient separation was achieved in
      15 min, permitting the quantitation of the unconjugated azo-dipyrrole (alpha o)
      and its glucuronide (delta), xyloside (alpha 2) and glucoside (alpha 3)
      conjugates. The pathological beta- and gamma-azo pigments, derived from bilirubin
      glucuronide isomers that occur in cholestatic bile or plasma, are also detected
      in this system. The results of this method as applied to bile from 25 healthy
      dogs were in excellent agreement with the values obtained by reversed-phase
      chromatography of bilirubin and its mono- and dimethyl esters produced from the
      corresponding conjugates by alkaline methanolysis. This system permits the
      sensitive and convenient determination of bilirubin and its conjugation pattern
      in biological fluids.

PMID- 3410903
TI  - Two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatographic system for the direct
      determination of tocopherol derivatives in plasma.
AB  - A procedure for the quantitative extraction of tocopherol derivatives from plasma
      was systematically developed using an efficient liquid-liquid distribution
      process. An aqueous stationary phase was coated on silica gel or diatomaceous
      earth powder in a closed-bed glass column prepared by slurry packing. A liquid
      liquid chromatographic system provided with a detector was introduced as a
      preliminary extraction process. Liquid-solid chromatography followed as the
      second dimension of the separation and was used to determine alpha-tocopherol
      nicotinate in the extract. Stationary and mobile phases in the two-dimensional
      liquid chromatographic system were optimized to determine tocopherol derivatives.
      A highly sensitive quantitation method for alpha-tocopherol nicotinate in plasma
      was developed by using liquid-liquid and liquid-solid chromatography in
      conjunction with column switching by a tube-type micro-evaporator.

PMID- 3410904
TI  - Liquid chromatographic determination of diastereomeric glutathione conjugates and
      further derivatives of alpha-bromoisovalerylurea in rat bile and urine by
      electrochemically generated bromine.
AB  - To study the glutathione conjugation of alpha-bromoisovalerylurea in the rat in
      vivo, a reversed-phase liquid chromatographic assay of the thioether metabolites
      in bile and urine was developed. Since alpha-bromoisovalerylurea has a chiral
      centre, two diastereomeric glutathione conjugates (in bile) and two
      diastereomeric mercapturates (in urine) can be expected. The separation
      characteristics of these metabolites and the corresponding cysteine conjugates
      were investigated. Whereas all thioether metabolites could be separated in one
      run, optimal separation of the diastereomers required different mobile phases for
      the glutathione conjugates (in bile) and the mercapturates (in urine). The
      glutathione conjugates were analysed with the ion-pairing agent sodium
      decanesulphonate in the mobile phase, but the mercapturates were analysed without
      an ion-pair-forming agent. For detection, on-line generation of a constant
      bromine level (100%) was used; bromine-reactive compounds result in a decrease of
      the amperometric response from the 100% baseline. This technique could be used in
      continuous automated operation and required little clean-up of the sample. Thus,
      the diastereomeric glutathione conjugates and mercapturates were quantified in
      rat bile and urine samples, respectively, by direct injection of the (centrifuged
      and diluted) samples on the column. The limit of determination of the respective
      metabolites was 9 and 2.6 ng in bile and urine, respectively. Incubation mixtures
      of alpha-bromoisovalerylurea with a rat liver cytosolic fraction or with isolated
      rat hepatocytes were chromatographed after deproteinization with a double volume
      of methanol. The limit of determination of the diastereomeric glutathione
      conjugates in the deproteinized incubation samples was 2.0 ng.

PMID- 3410905
TI  - Tritium isotope effect in reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic
      analysis of dopamine and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid.
AB  - A tritium isotope effect has been demonstrated in the high-performance liquid
      chromatographic analysis of dopamine and its acidic metabolite
      dihydroxyphenylacetic acid. The chromatographic system consisted of tributyl-n
      phosphate, bound to a ChromSpher C8 column, as stationary phase, and a citrate
      buffer, containing the ion-pairing agent perchlorate, as the mobile phase. For
      detection we used continuous electrochemical monitoring (for the total amount of
      solutes) and discontinuous liquid scintillation counting (for radiolabelled
      molecules) of the column effluent. [3H]Dopamine and [3H]dihydroxyphenylacetic
      acid were biosynthesized by incubation of homogenates of striatal tissue from rat
      brains with 3H-labelled L-tyrosine. The tritium-labelled compounds were eluted
      before the corresponding unlabelled analogues. The capacity factor reduction
      increased with the number of tritium atoms incorporated in the molecules: for
      single, double and triple tritium-labelled dopamine the separation factors
      amounted to 1.015, 1.028 and 1.033, respectively. No isotope separation was
      observed for 7-14C-labelled dopamine and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid. The isotope
      effect observed is ascribed to a decrease in lipophilicity following tritium
      substitution for hydrogen.

PMID- 3410906
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatography of erythromycin propionyl ester and
      erythromycin base in biological fluids.
AB  - The simultaneous determination of erythromycin propionate and erythromycin base
      in serum and urine by high-performance liquid chromatography using oleandomycin
      as internal standard is described. The separation was achieved on a reversed
      phase C18 column employing acetonitrile-0.05 M phosphate buffer (65:35), adjusted
      to pH 7.0, as the mobile phase with coulometric detection. Hydrolysis of the
      ester during blood sample collection was minimised by immediate high-speed
      centrifugation of collected blood samples, followed by separation and immediate
      freezing of the serum fraction. A solid-phase extraction procedure, combined with
      a simple phase-separation step was used prior to chromatographic analysis. The
      method has the necessary precision, sensitivity and accuracy to allow the
      simultaneous determination of both components in serum and urine following a
      single 500-mg oral dose of erythromycin estolate.

PMID- 3410907
TI  - Arachidonic acid metabolites from polymorphonuclear leukocytes of healthy donors,
      severely burned patients and children with cystic fibrosis--routine monitoring by
      high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - A rapid and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the
      determination of arachidonic acid metabolites was developed. This method provides
      a clear and simple separation of the omega-oxidation products as well as of
      leukotriene B4 and 5S,12S-dihydroxy-6-cis-8-trans-10-trans-14-cis
      eicosatetraenoic acid. Furthermore, a solvent switch enables the detection of the
      monohydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids together with the cysteinyl-leukotrienes as
      well as leukotriene B4 and the dihydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids within 70 min
      (including column equilibration for 10 min). The efficiency of the method for the
      routine monitoring of leukotrienes was performed with human polymorphonuclear
      leukocytes of healthy donors, severely burned patients and of children with
      cystic fibrosis. The advantages of this method include high sensitivity and easy
      handling, which are important for routine analyses of the arachidonic acid
      metabolites.

PMID- 3410909
TI  - Gas chromatographic assay for the new antitumor agent sulfamic acid diester (NSC
      329680) and its stability in buffer, blood and plasma.
AB  - A sensitive gas chromatographic assay with electron-capture detection has been
      developed for sulfamic acid diester (sulfamic acid 1,7-heptanediyl ester, NSC
      329680) based on its conversion to 1,7-diiodoheptane in the presence of excess
      sodium iodide. The assay is linear up to 1 microgram/ml sulfamic acid diester and
      has a lower limit of detection of 25 ng/ml from 0.5 ml plasma. The coefficient of
      variation of the assay is 6.4% at 1 microgram/ml and 8.0% at 100 ng/ml. Sulfamic
      acid diester is relatively stable in 0.9% sodium chloride and 0.1 M sodium
      phosphate buffers, pH 7.0-9.0, with half-lives greater than 38 h. The major
      breakdown product of sulfamic acid diester is sulfamic acid 1,7-heptane-monoyl
      ester. When added to whole blood sulfamic acid diester shows concentration
      dependent breakdown. At 50 and 100 micrograms/ml sulfamic acid diester, the half
      time in whole blood is 6.9 h and 65% of the drug is sequestered by the blood
      cells. At 10 micrograms/ml sulfamic acid diester in blood, there is no detectable
      breakdown of the drug over 24 h and all of the drug is sequestered by the blood
      cells. Protein binding of sulfamic acid diester in human plasma is 82% at 10
      micrograms/ml and 68% at 100 micrograms/ml.

PMID- 3410908
TI  - Determination of prostaglandins and thromboxane in whole blood by high
      performance liquid chromatography with fluorimetric detection.
AB  - A highly sensitive and specific assay for the quantitation of prostaglandins
      (PGs) such as PGE1, PGE2, PGF1 alpha, PGF2 alpha, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, and
      including thromboxane B2, is described. The method involves the addition of PGF1
      alpha and PGE1 as the internal standards, extraction from whole blood and
      purification by silica gel column chromatography. Following conversion into the
      methoximes, purification by reversed-phase chromatography and esterification with
      panacyl bromide, samples are analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography
      with fluorimetric detection. The lower limit of detection of the eicosanoids 6
      keto-PGF1 alpha, thromboxane B2 and PGF2 alpha in blood is ca. 50 pg/ml and that
      of PGE2 is 100 pg/ml. Assay linearity is demonstrated over a range from 60 pg to
      60 ng of eicosanoid injected. The method allows simultaneous assessment of
      prostaglandins and thromboxane extracted from complex biological fluids at
      picogram levels.

PMID- 3410910
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of the penem antibiotic
      (5R,6S)-2-aminomethyl-6-[(1R)-hydroxyethyl]-2-penem-3-carboxylic acid in human
      plasma and urine.
AB  - High-performance liquid chromatographic methods for the determination of (5R,6S)
      2-aminomethyl-6-[(1R)-hydroxyethyl]-2-penem-3-carboxylic acid in plasma and urine
      have been developed, validated and applied to clinical samples. After addition of
      another penem, (5R,6S)-2-aminoethyl-6-[(1R)-hydroxyethyl]-2-penem-3-carboxylic
      acid, as an internal standard, plasma proteins are precipitated with a saturated
      solution of ammonium sulphate. A portion of the supernatant is injected on to a
      reversed-phase column (RP 8-10 micron) that is eluted with pH 6 phosphate buffer.
      The urine assay entails a 25-fold dilution with pH 6 buffer and addition of the
      internal standard prior to injection. The detector response at 320 nm is a linear
      function of concentration over the ranges 1.6-410 mumol/l (0.4-100 micrograms/ml)
      and 41-1025 mumol/l (10-250 micrograms/ml) for the plasma and urine assays,
      respectively. These methods have proved to be suitable for pharmacokinetic
      investigations in man.

PMID- 3410911
TI  - Use of micellar mobile phases and microbore column switching for the assay of
      drugs in physiological fluids.
AB  - The feasibility of directly assaying drugs in physiological fluids using on-line
      preconcentration and microbore high-performance liquid chromatography has been
      demonstrated. The untreated sample is injected onto a hydrophobic pre-column,
      using micellar sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in the case of serum or phosphate
      buffer in the case of urine, as the load mobile phase. This traps the components
      of interest which are then backflushed onto a microbore analytical column using a
      stronger mobile phase. This procedure was then applied to diazepam in serum and
      phenobarbital in urine. Recovery was linear and quantitative over the range 30
      3000 ng/ml for diazepam in serum and 2-200 micrograms/ml for phenobarbital in
      urine. The diazepam method was specific against caffeine and the three major
      metabolites of diazepam: oxazepam, temazepam, and nordiazepam. The effects of
      varying pre-column dimensions, pre-column loading time, and SDS concentration
      volume were evaluated.

PMID- 3410912
TI  - Isolation and identification of the glucuronide conjugate of 2-hydroxydesipramine
      by preparative liquid chromatography.
AB  - A semi-preparative column liquid chromatographic procedure for the isolation and
      purification of milligram quantities of the glucuronide conjugate of 2
      hydroxydesipramine, a major metabolite of desipramine, is presented. Urine from
      patients receiving desipramine was collected and passed through a column of XAD-2
      resin. The methanolic extract was chromatographed on a reversed-phase octadecyl
      semi-preparative column followed by further purification on a silica gel column
      of the same dimension, yielding a product 95% pure. Fast atom bombardment and
      thermospray mass spectroscopy, as well as ultraviolet photodiode-array
      spectroscopy and hydrolysis with beta-glucuronidase confirmed the identification
      and purity of 2-hydroxydesipramine glucuronide. This important glucuronide
      metabolite will be a useful tool as an authentic standard for pharmacokinetic and
      metabolism studies and for determining its pharmacological characteristics in
      laboratory animals.

PMID- 3410913
TI  - Correlation of carbon monoxide and bilirubin production by tissue homogenates.

PMID- 3410914
TI  - Automatic determination of serotonin in biological fluids by liquid
      chromatography.

PMID- 3410915
TI  - Separation of human haemoglobin alkylated at beta 93 cysteine from its native
      form by fast protein liquid chromatography.

PMID- 3410916
TI  - Gas chromatographic evaluation of buflomedil in biological samples employing the
      thermoionic specific detector.

PMID- 3410917
TI  - Determination of catecholamines in body fluids.

PMID- 3410918
TI  - Partitioning behavior of erythrocytes in aqueous two-phase systems containing
      hydroxypropyl starch and polyethylene glycol.
AB  - The partitioning behavior of erythrocytes in Reppal PES 200 (a hydroxypropyl
      starch produced by Reppe Glykos AB, Vaxjo, Sweden)-polyethylene glycol (PEG) and
      in dextran (Dx)-PEG aqueous phase systems made isotonic with phosphate is similar
      in a number of ways: (i) There is a correlation between the relative
      electrophoretic mobilities and partition ratios, P, of red blood cells from
      different species; (ii) The cell P is reduced when, at constant polymer
      concentrations, phosphate is systematically replaced by sodium chloride (with the
      total concentration isotonic); (iii) The cell P is increased with reduced polymer
      concentrations (decreased interfacial tensions); (iv) Treatment of erythrocytes
      with neuraminidase results in a reduced P value; (v) Rat red cells of different
      ages can be fractionated by counter-current distribution; and (vi) Differences
      between red blood cells from genetically distinct rats or between humans can be
      detected. Aquaphase (a hydroxypropyl starch marketed by Perstorp AB, Lund,
      Sweden) has been tested as in ii-iv above with analogous results. The
      partitioning behavior of erythrocytes in PES-PEG and Dx-PEG aqueous phase systems
      containing sodium chloride differs in a number of ways: (vii) The correlation,
      apparent in Dx-PEG systems, between the P value of red blood cells from different
      species and the ratio of their membrane poly- to monounsaturated fatty acids is
      absent in PES-PEG systems. It is replaced by a correlation as in i; (viii) The
      increase in P value in Dx-PEG observed from red blood cells after treatment with
      neuraminidase is replaced by a decrease in P value in PES-PEG or Aquaphase-PEG
      systems. We conclude that PES (and Aquaphase) can be substitutes for dextran in
      cell partitioning studies when charge-sensitive phases are used (e.g., those
      containing phosphate) while separations based on properties reflected by Dx-PEG
      systems containing sodium chloride are not duplicated by PES-PEG (and probably
      not by Aquaphase-PEG). The hydroxypropyl starch-PEG systems containing sodium
      chloride, unlike the analogous Dx-PEG systems, have a significant electrostatic
      potential difference between the phases.

PMID- 3410919
TI  - Copper(II) complexes of diamino-diamido-type ligands as chiral eluents in the
      enantiomeric separation of D,L-dansylamino acids by reversed-phase high
      performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - For purpose of studying the mechanism of chiral recognition in high-performance
      liquid chromatography (HPLC) (reversed phase), a model system is proposed, i.e.,
      copper(II) complexes of diamino-diamido-type ligands containing L-amino acids (AA
      NN-n) which added to the eluent are able to perform the enantiomeric resolution
      of dansylamino acids on C8 and C18 columns. Being potentially tetradentate, this
      system should be more liable to give an apical or outer-sphere interaction with
      the enantiomer rather than a simultaneous dechelation of two binding sites, as in
      the classical ligand-exchange mechanism. This model allows the variation of
      several parameters, such as the structural and electronic features of the initial
      complexes, their relative stabilities and lipophilicities and their correlation
      with enantioselectivity in HPLC.

PMID- 3410920
TI  - bis(L-amino acid amidato)copper(II) complexes as chiral eluents in the
      enantiomeric separation of D,L-dansylamino acids by reversed-phase high
      performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - Copper(II) complexes of L-amino acylamides (Phe, Val, Tyr, Ala) when added to the
      eluent (water-acetonitrile) in reversed-phase high-performance liquid
      chromatography (C18) are able to perform enantiomeric separation of dansylamino
      acids. The lipophilicity and bulk of the ligand greatly affect the
      stereoselectivity and the elution order of the enantiomers. The type and
      concentration of the copper complexes, pH and eluent polarity were examined in
      order to get some insights into the separation mechanism. This may be consistent
      with a ligand-exchange mechanism, probably occurring on the organic phase of the
      column, where the enantioselective complex is adsorbed. Mixtures of D,L
      dansylamino acids were well separated by isocratic and gradient elution.

PMID- 3410921
TI  - Retention of ionic and non-ionic catechols in capillary zone electrophoresis with
      micellar solutions.
AB  - The use of micellar solutions in capillary zone electrophoresis has been
      primarily relegated to separations of non-ionic solutes, while its applicability
      to cationic species has been unexplored. We have found that the use of sodium
      dodecyl sulfate micelles in phosphate buffer allows for tremendous gains in
      selectivity for several cationic and non-ionic catechols over what can be
      obtained with normal capillary zone electrophoresis. Complexation of catechols
      with boric acid alters the net charge on the solutes and changes the partitioning
      behavior to produce adequate selectivity with improved analysis times. Although
      the mechanisms of solute interaction with the micellar phase for the cationic
      species are not decisively known, evidence is presented supporting the existence
      of ion-pairing equilibria simultaneously accompanied by micellar solubilization.

PMID- 3410923
TI  - Quantitation of polyamines using thin-layer chromatography and image analysis.
AB  - Efficient separation of dansylated polyamines can be achieved by thin-layer
      chromatography (TLC). Quantitation, however, can be laborious because it requires
      removal of the silica gel and the fluorescing derivative from the glass plates,
      elution in a suitable solvent, and estimation with a fluorescence
      spectrophotometer. We report here a relatively simple and rapid method for the
      quantitation of dansylated polyamines that employs an image analyzer without
      removal from the glass TLC plates.

PMID- 3410924
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic procedure for determining the profiles of
      aflatoxin precursors in wildtype and mutant strains of Aspergillus parasiticus.

PMID- 3410922
TI  - Ion-pair reversed-phase thin-layer chromatography of basic drugs using sulphonic
      acids.
AB  - The use of sulphonic acid ion-pair reagents in the thin-layer chromatography of
      four basic drugs (all secondary amines) on C18-bonded silica gel, paraffin coated
      silica gel and silica gel itself has been investigated. Effects of the ion-pair
      reagents were only obtained on C18-bonded silica gel, and only then when the
      reagents were pre-coated onto the stationary phase. In general the largest
      reductions in the RF values of the test compounds occurred when sodium
      dodecylsulphate was coated onto the plates.

PMID- 3410925
TI  - Determination of halofuginone in poultry feeds by high-performance liquid
      chromatography.

PMID- 3410926
TI  - Determination of saccharin in diet and biological materials.

PMID- 3410927
TI  - Thin-layer chromatographic separation of some sulpha drugs using acetoacetanilide
      as a coupling agent.

PMID- 3410928
TI  - Detection of Chrysanthemum stunt viroid (CSV) using nick translated probes in a
      dot-blot hybridization assay.
AB  - We developed a dot-blot hydridization assay for the detection of Chrysanthemum
      stunt viroid (CSV) in Chrysanthemum plant samples. The probe, a recombinant
      plasmid containing a full-length monomeric cDNA copy of CSV, is labelled with
      (32P) by nick-translation. The influence of the hybridization conditions, of the
      sample denaturation technique and of the plant sap components on the final
      sensitivity has been studied. The optimized system, involving a formaldehyde
      denaturation step, allows the detection of as little as 5 pg of purified viroid.
      Under these conditions, 100 pg of pure viroid diluted in plant sap, or infected
      plant extract diluted 1:25 in healthy extract can be detected, showing the
      potential of this method for indexing of Chrysanthemum for CSV infection.

PMID- 3410929
TI  - An improved purification procedure for preparing potyviruses and cytoplasmic
      inclusions from the same tissue.
AB  - Twelve different potyviruses and cytoplasmic inclusion proteins were purified
      from a range of plant species utilizing a single purification protocol. Highly
      purified preparations have been obtained with yields that reflect the relative
      concentrations in the starting material; virus yields of up to 15 mg per 100 g of
      tissue were obtained. In some cases aggregation resulted in losses of significant
      amounts of virus to the inclusion fraction; this varied among preparations of the
      same virus. Preparations obtained from cesium gradients were typically
      unaggregated and essentially free of host materials. Purified virus was suitable
      for the production of antisera with high specific titers and low titers against
      healthy plant antigens. Both purified virus and RNA prepared from the virus
      retained infectivity. Purified RNA was free of detectable host plant nucleic
      acids, as complementary DNA preparations synthesized using virion RNA as template
      were highly virus-specific.

PMID- 3410931
TI  - The relationship between route of infection and minimum infectious dose: studies
      with lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus.
AB  - At present there is incomplete knowledge concerning the relationship of route of
      infection to minimum infectious dose (MID) for viruses of humans or other
      animals. The present work has used lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus (LDV) as
      a mouse model for this relationship. The data establish a relative mucosal
      barrier to LDV transmission, which is more effective at oral, ocular and vaginal
      sites, than at the rectal site of inoculation.

PMID- 3410930
TI  - Detection of hepatitis B virus sequences in serum by using in vitro enzymatic
      amplification.
AB  - In vitro enzymatic amplification was applied to detect hepatitis B virus (HBV)
      DNA sequences in serum. This technique, known as the polymerase chain reaction
      (PCR) was used to amplify a 128 bp DNA fragment including a 112 nucleotide long
      sequence complementary to a region in the S gene of the HBV genome. Amplified
      samples were subjected to spot-test hybridization and scintillation counting
      using a 32P-labeled oligonucleotide probe. A kinetic study, performed for 4 to 32
      PCR cycles with a viral particle preparation, showed a time-limited exponential
      accumulation of the specific amplified DNA fragment. Amplification yield after 32
      cycles was at least 4 X 10(6) with a detection limit equal to 3 X 10(2) viral
      particles per ml of serum. As the reliability of the PCR technique was greatest
      for 24 PCR cycles, these conditions were used to develop a quantitative test with
      a detection limit of 4 X 10(4) viral particles per ml of serum. Results of this
      test were perfectly correlated with those obtained from the classical spot test
      without amplification. Ethidium bromide stained agarose gel and Southern blot
      analysis confirmed the specific amplification of the 128 bp HBV DNA fragment.

PMID- 3410932
TI  - Elevated apolipoprotein-B levels in corticosteroid-treated patients with systemic
      lupus erythematosus.
AB  - Patients treated with corticosteroids often have a dyslipoproteinemia
      characterized by elevated plasma levels of triglyceride and low density
      lipoprotein cholesterol and/or decreased levels of the high density lipoprotein2
      fraction of high density lipoprotein cholesterol. This study was undertaken to
      determine if such patients also have elevated apolipoprotein-B (apoB) levels
      and/or abnormalities of the activities of the triglyceride lipases in postheparin
      plasma. Plasma lipoprotein levels and the postheparin activities of hepatic
      lipase and lipoprotein lipase were measured in 28 women with systemic lupus
      erythematosus (SLE) who were treated with prednisone, 10 women with SLE not
      treated with prednisone, and 15 normal women. The prednisone-treated group had
      higher mean plasma levels of triglyceride [2.06 +/- 1.3 (+/- SD) vs. 1.15 +/-
      0.35 and 0.95 +/- 0.46 mmol/L; P less than 0.01], low density lipoprotein
      cholesterol [3.41 +/- 1.4 (+/- SD) vs. 2.79 +/- 0.67 and 2.84 +/- 0.70 mmol/L; P
      less than 0.01], and apoB [1.16 +/- 0.35 (+/- SD) vs. 0.82 +/- 0.13 and 0.76 +/-
      0.22 g/L] than the other 2 groups. Forty-three percent of the prednisone-treated
      group had apoB levels of 1.20 g/L or more compared to 7% of normal subjects and
      none of the untreated SLE group (P less than 0.05). However, of the 12 prednisone
      treated patients with elevated plasma apoB levels 5 had normal plasma lipid
      levels. There were no differences in the postheparin lipase activities among the
      3 groups. These data indicate that corticosteroid-treated patients have
      elevations in apoB as well as hyperlipidemia. The lipoprotein abnormalities may
      explain the increased risk of atherosclerosis reported in these patients.

PMID- 3410933
TI  - Comparison of inhibin immunological and in vitro biological activities in human
      serum.
AB  - A comparison of serum inhibin levels in men and women was undertaken using a
      sensitive sheep pituitary cell in vitro bioassay and a newly developed
      heterologous RIA. The RIA was based on an antiserum raised to bovine 31K inhibin
      using [125I]31K inhibin as tracer. Bovine inhibin alpha- and beta-subunits,
      bovine activin-A, transforming growth factor-beta, and Mullerian inhibitory
      substance did not cross-react in the RIA. In both assays, dilutions of serum gave
      response lines parallel to that of the partially purified human follicular fluid
      inhibin preparation used as standard. Negligible levels of both bio (B)- and
      immuno (I) activities were found in serum from women with premature ovarian
      failure or castrated men. In ovulation-induced cycles, serum B inhibin levels
      increased progressively from the early to the late follicular phase and remained
      at the late follicular phase level during the early and midluteal phases. Serum I
      inhibin levels also rose during the follicular phase, but declined during the
      early luteal phase before increasing again in the midluteal phase. As a
      consequence, inhibin B:I ratios varied during the treatment cycle, with high
      ratios in early follicular (2.86) and early luteal (2.25) phases and a low ratio
      in the midluteal phase (1.09). Similar changes in serum B:I ratios also occurred
      during the midcycle and midluteal phases of normal cycles. The B:I ratio was
      lower (0.35) in normal men. We conclude that the largely similar pattern of
      inhibin biological and immunological activities in serum obtained during a
      variety of physiological conditions support the validity of the RIA procedure,
      and the B:I ratio of serum inhibin varies during the follicular and luteal phases
      of the cycle and is low in men. Potential reasons for these changes in B:I ratio
      include the presence of interfering substances in either the bioassay or the RIA,
      the presence of inhibin isoforms, and/or modulation of secreted forms by sex
      steroids.

PMID- 3410934
TI  - A radioimmunoassay for measurement of thyronine and its acetic acid analog in
      urine.
AB  - A sensitive and specific RIA has been developed to measure thyronine (To) in
      urine. The RIA used an anti-To antibody obtained from a rabbit immunized with a L
      To-human serum albumin conjugate and [3H]To as the radioligand. The acetic acid
      analog of To (ToAc), that is the diphenyl structure with an acetic acid side
      chain, cross-reacted strongly with the antibody. Relative to To, it cross-reacted
      160% in phosphate-buffered saline, pH 7.4, and 100% in 0.075 mol/L barbital
      buffer, pH 8.6, containing sodium salicylate (final concentration, 8 mg/mL). The
      latter conditions were employed for the RIA, and the results reported thus
      reflect the presence of To and/or ToAc. 3-Monoiodothyronine, 3'
      monoiodothyronine, 3',5'-diiodothyronine, and 3,5-diiodothyronine cross-reacted
      with the anti-To antibody 1.9%, 1.7%, 0.3%, and 0.2%, respectively; the cross
      reactivity of other To derivatives and tyrosine and its derivatives was less than
      0.05%. Urinary To and/or ToAc excretion in 12 normal subjects averaged 16 +/- 2
      (+/- SE) micrograms/day (59 +/- 9 nmol/day) or 14 +/- 2 micrograms/g creatinine
      (5.9 +/- 0.6 nmol/mmol creatinine). Treatment of urine from normal subjects with
      beta-glucuronidase or sulfatase did not significantly alter the To content.
      Column and thin layer chromatographic studies revealed that 83% and 61%,
      respectively (range, 37-100%), of urinary To immunoreactivity was attributable to
      ToAc. The mean daily excretion of To in 20 patients with nonthyroidal illness
      [NTI; 22 +/- 4 micrograms/day (82 +/- 17 nmol/day)] was similar to that in normal
      subjects, but was elevated when expressed as nanomoles per mmol creatinine (20 +/
      2; P less than 0.001), because creatinine excretion was reduced in the NTI
      patients. The mean daily urinary To excretion in 13 patients with hyperthyroidism
      due to Graves' disease was slightly elevated [29 +/- 6 micrograms/day (108 +/- 21
      nmol/day); P less than 0.1], but was clearly elevated when expressed as nanomoles
      per mmol creatinine (37 +/- 8; P less than 0.001), again because creatinine
      excretion was reduced in these patients. The mean urinary To excretion was
      subnormal in 13 patients with hypothyroidism and was significantly (P less than
      0.005) less than that in the NTI patients regardless of the manner in which the
      results were expressed. Analysis of pronase hydrolysates of thyroid glands
      obtained at autopsy from euthyroid patients suggested that the To content of the
      thyroid approximates only 1.2% that of T4, supporting the thesis that prior
      iodination of tyrosine is critical for the coupling process in the
      thyroid.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3410935
TI  - Analyses of 24-hour growth hormone profiles in children: relation to growth.
AB  - The relationship between height and amount of GH measured during a 24-h period
      was studied in 127 children who were growing at different rates. Of the children,
      88 were prepubertal (3-16 yr old) and 39 were pubertal (10-16 yr old). The height
      of each child was expressed as the SD score, i.e. height in relation to the sex-
      and age-matched Swedish reference groups, and spontaneous GH secretion was
      estimated by taking integrated 20-min blood samples for a 24-h period, i.e. 72
      samples/child. In a few children, discrete samples were taken in parallel with
      the integrated 20-min samples with virtually the same results. Plasma GH was
      estimated in each sample using a polyclonal RIA method. To compare different 24-h
      GH profiles, the profiles were analyzed using a computer program (Pulsar). One
      objective of the study was to determine if less frequent sampling and/or shorter
      sampling periods yielded the same information as that obtained by 20-min sampling
      for the whole 24-h period. To determine if less frequent sampling provided the
      same information as that obtained by the 20-min period, we simulated 40- and 60
      min periods by pooling two or three consecutive samples. No difference was found
      between 20- and 40-min sampling, but with 60-min sampling the mean calculated
      baseline plasma GH concentrations increased, and the GH concentration within
      peaks [the area under the curve above the baseline (AUCb)] decreased markedly. A
      30-min sampling interval thus seems to be a valid practical compromise. To
      determine if sampling periods shorter than 24 h provided the same information, we
      divided the profiles, which started at 0900 h, into two 12-h, three 8-h and four
      6-h periods. A graded decrease in AUCb and a corresponding increase in the
      baseline was found with the shorter periods, indicating that the whole 24-h
      period is necessary for GH sampling. Another objective of the study was to
      determine whether there was a correlation between 24-h GH secretion and the
      height, age, and sex of the children. In the prepubertal children, the height (in
      SD scores) was highly correlated (r = 0.69; P less than 0.001) with GH AUCb
      during the 24-h period. Height also correlated with AUCb estimated over shorter
      time periods; the correlation diminished with decreasing time. In the pubertal
      children, a nonlinear correlation (r = 0.36; P less than 0.05) was found between
      height and 24-h GH (AUCb).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3410936
TI  - Distant metastases in differentiated thyroid carcinoma: a multivariate analysis
      of prognostic variables.
AB  - From a cohort of 988 patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma receiving
      primary surgical treatment between 1946 and 1970, we studied the 85 (9%) patients
      who had distant metastases diagnosed during life. Clinically detected metastases
      were found in 7% of the 859 patients with papillary cancers, 19% of the 100
      patients with follicular cancers, and 34% of the 29 patients with Hurthle cell
      cancers. The total experience amounted to 607 patient-years of observation after
      the diagnosis of metastases, with a median follow-up in the 12 survivors of 23 yr
      (range, 13-32 yr). At the time of first diagnosis of metastases, the lungs only
      were involved in 53%, and bones only in 20%; 16% had multiple organ involvement.
      The overall mortality rates 5 and 10 yr after the diagnosis of metastases were
      65% and 75%, respectively. Seventy-eight percent of all deaths were directly
      attributable to thyroid cancer; 82% of cancer deaths occurred within 5 yr. By
      univariate analysis, patient age, tumor extent, pattern of lung involvement,
      radioiodine uptake of the metastases, and radioiodine treatment were significant
      prognostic factors. By multivariate analysis, only age (as a continuous variable)
      at the time of first diagnosis of distant metastases (P less than 0.0001) and
      involvement of multiple organ sites (P = 0.0003) were independently associated
      with cancer mortality. The survival at 5 yr in 12 patients aged less than 40 yr
      with only a single organ involved was 92%. Older patients (aged greater than or
      equal to 40 yr) with a single metastasis (n = 59) had a lower survival (38% at 5
      yr). The highest risk of cancer death (92% at 5 yr) was found in the 14 patients
      (any age) who at the time of first diagnosis of metastases had multiple organ
      involvement. The Cox regression model suggested that radioiodine therapy did not
      have a significant influence on survival, after adjusting for age and extent of
      metastatic involvement.

PMID- 3410937
TI  - The effect of short term treatment with growth hormone and ethinyl estradiol on
      lower leg growth rate in girls with Turner's syndrome.
AB  - An important consequence of Turner's syndrome is short stature. We previously
      reported that the optimal doses of ethinyl estradiol (EE2) and GH for the
      stimulation of short term growth in such patients were 100 ng/kg.day and 0.15
      U/kg (administered sc three times weekly), respectively. The aim of this study
      was to determine whether the combination of low dose estrogen and GH would
      stimulate short term growth more than either agent administered alone. Thirty
      nine girls with Turner's syndrome (aged 5-15 yr) underwent one to three 6-month
      cycles, each consisting of a 2-month baseline period, a 2-month treatment period,
      and a subsequent 2-month washout period. During the first 2 yr of the study, the
      girls were assigned to receive the three treatments in random order. The
      treatments were EE2 (100 ng/kg.day, orally), GH (0.15 U/kg, sc, three times
      weekly), or the combination of EE2 and GH. Subsequently, some of the girls were
      treated with reduced doses of EE2 (50 ng/kg.day) and GH [0.09 U/kg, three times
      weekly (tid)] according to the same protocol. Lower leg length was measured every
      2 months throughout the study. EE2 increased lower leg growth rate significantly
      at the dose of 100 ng/kg.day, but not at the dose of 50 ng/kg.day. Similarly, the
      higher dose of GH (0.15 U/kg, tiw) increased lower leg growth rate significantly,
      whereas the lower dose (0.09 U/kg, tiw) did not. However, combined treatment with
      the lower doses of EE2 (50 ng/kg.day) and GH (0.09 U/kg, tiw) stimulated lower
      leg growth rate significantly and to a similar degree as the higher dose of GH
      (0.15 U/kg, tiw). This higher dose of GH appeared to cause a maximal increase in
      lower leg growth rate, which was not further increased by combined administration
      with the higher dose (100 ng/kg.day) of estrogen. Thus, addition of low dose EE2
      to an optimal dose of GH did not cause any apparent increase in short term lower
      leg growth rate in girls with Turner's syndrome. Whether the long term outcome of
      GH treatment would be altered by concurrent administration of low dose estrogen
      will require long term clinical trials.

PMID- 3410938
TI  - Glycosylated and nonglycosylated prolactin in serum during pregnancy.
AB  - To study the pattern of release of glycosylated (G-PRL) and nonglycosylated (PRL)
      under various physiological conditions, we studied normal women from the first
      trimester of pregnancy through the postpartum period. Immunoreactive PRL variants
      were immunoprecipitated from 100-microL aliquots of serum, and the precipitates
      were subjected to gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate,
      electrotransferred to nitrocellulose paper, immunoblotted with anti-PRL serum and
      [125I]protein-A, and autoradiographed. The relative concentrations of the two
      forms of PRL were indicated by the intensity of the electrophoretic bands. Before
      pregnancy, serum G-PRL was the predominant PRL form. As pregnancy progressed,
      increasing amounts of PRL, compared to G-PRL, appeared in the serum, and it
      reached a maximum by the third trimester. G-PRL was found at all stages of
      pregnancy, even when the amount of PRL was greatest. After parturition in
      nonnursing mothers the PRL band again decreased; however, in nursing mothers the
      PRL band remained prominent. We conclude that the G-PRL and PRL variants may
      fulfill different physiological roles and, under certain conditions, such as
      pregnancy and lactation, more of the nonglycosylated PRL may be produced to fill
      special requirements.

PMID- 3410939
TI  - Formation of neutralizing antibodies during intranasal synthetic salmon
      calcitonin treatment of Paget's disease.
AB  - Nine patients with Paget's disease were treated with 200 U (15 nmol) synthetic
      salmon calcitonin (sCT) intranasally (in)/day for 12 months. Five of them had
      received im or in sCT therapy for 1-4 yr up to 0.5-5 yr before this study. Low
      titer antibodies to sCT were detected in the serum of three of these five
      patients, but not in the four patients who had not received prior sCT therapy.
      After 2 months of in sCT administration, four of the former group, but none of
      the latter group, had antibodies to sCT. After 12 months of treatment, antibodies
      to sCT were found in all patients who had received sCT earlier and in three of
      the four patients who had not. The half-maximal inhibition of [125I]sCT binding
      ranged from 44-284 pmol/L sCT. In a cultured human breast cancer cell line (T47D)
      cAMP production was stimulated by sCT (EC50, 70 pmol/L). cAMP production
      stimulated by sCT (5 pmol/L) was reduced to 6-20% of the control value in the
      presence of serum from patients which inhibited [125I]sCT binding by more than
      50% in a dilution of 1:50 or greater. In patients with lower titer antibodies
      cAMP production was not inhibited. Serum alkaline phosphatase activity was
      transiently lowered to 79 +/- 6% (+/- SE) of basal levels in the patients who had
      earlier received sCT (P greater than 0.1), while sustained reduction to between
      66 +/- 2% and 84 +/- 6% of basal levels (P less than 0.05) occurred in the
      patients who had not been treated with sCT previously. In conclusion, reexposure
      to sCT of five patients with Paget's disease caused secondary antibody responses
      and clinical resistance.

PMID- 3410940
TI  - Dopaminergic control of circadian and pulsatile pituitary thyrotropin release in
      women.
AB  - Dopamine (DA) inhibits pituitary TSH release, but its role as a regulator of
      circadian and pulsatile TSH secretion is not clear. Accordingly, we studied the
      24-h TSH secretory patterns in seven normal women in the early follicular phase
      of their cycles before and during DA receptor blockade by metoclopramide (MCP).
      Serum TSH was measured by a highly sensitive (0.05 mU/L) RIA at 15-min intervals
      for 48 h during sequential 24-h saline and 24-h MCP infusions (30
      micrograms/kg.h). Sleep was confirmed by electroencephalogram between 2300-0700
      h. All women had a nocturnal rise of TSH, independent of sleep, which began in
      the late afternoon and reached a peak (acrophase) after midnight during the
      saline infusion. This circadian periodicity was composed of a series of TSH
      pulses with greater magnitude and frequency during nocturnal hours. Infusion of
      MCP had no effect on pulse frequency, but the pulse amplitude increased (P less
      than 0.05), especially at night. As a consequence, the circadian excursion of
      TSH, as assessed by cosinor function, was exaggerated. The mean acrophase
      amplitude and mesor levels increased (P less than 0.05), but the nadir and
      acrophase times did not change. These findings suggest that DA is an inhibitor of
      TSH pulse amplitude throughout the 24-h biological clock. By inference, the
      neuroendocrine mechanism(s) that underlies the nocturnal increase in TSH
      secretion is not due to decreased dopaminergic inhibition.

PMID- 3410942
TI  - Urinary normetanephrine and metanephrine measured by radioimmunoassay for the
      diagnosis of pheochromocytoma: utility of 24-hour and random 1-hour urine
      determinations.
AB  - To validate the clinical usefulness of recently developed normetanephrine (NM)
      and metanephrine (M) RIA for the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma, urinary excretion
      of catecholamines and these metabolites were determined in 30 normal subjects, 40
      patients with essential hypertension, 30 patients who were suspected to have but
      ultimately proven not to have a pheochromocytoma (pheochromocytoma-suspect), and
      31 patients with a surgically verified pheochromocytoma. Abnormally high
      catecholamine excretion (epinephrine plus norepinephrine) was found in patients
      with pheochromocytoma compared with that in the normal subjects and the essential
      hypertension group. However, 3 of 31 patients with pheochromocytoma had urinary
      catecholamine excretion that overlapped the values in the pheochromocytoma
      suspect group. Both urinary NM and M excretion also were elevated in patients
      with pheochromocytoma, but in 4 of 31 patients with pheochromocytoma urinary M
      excretion was within the range found in 1 or more of the other groups. Total M
      (NM plus M) excretion of more than 5485 nmol/day (as NM) was found in all
      patients with pheochromocytoma, and all patients had values that were higher than
      the highest values in the normal subjects or the patients with no evidence of
      pheochromocytoma. To save time and simplify the diagnostic work-up of patients
      suspected of having a pheochromocytoma, we also determined the NM and M
      concentrations in randomly voided 1-h urine samples in 24 patients with
      pheochromocytomas, 31 patients with essential hypertension, and 16 normal
      subjects. Abnormally high total M excretion was found in all patients with
      pheochromocytomas, and there was no overlap with the values in the patients with
      essential hypertension or the normal subjects. We conclude that total M
      measurements in both 24-h and random 1-h urine samples are useful in diagnosing
      pheochromocytomas.

PMID- 3410943
TI  - Abstracts from the fourth meeting of the European Society of Human Reproduction
      and Embryology. Barcelona, July 3-6, 1988.

PMID- 3410941
TI  - A thyroid cytotoxic antibody that cross-reacts with an eye muscle cell surface
      antigen may be the cause of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy.
AB  - A hitherto unrecognized thyroid antibody, which reacts with a thyroid cell
      surface antigen expressed on passaged thyroid cells, was identified in serum from
      patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy using antibody-dependent cell
      mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) tests. The antibody was detected in 14 of 23
      patients with Graves' hyperthyroidism (Gh) and associated ophthalmopathy, in 3 of
      4 patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and ophthalmopathy, but in only 1 of
      16 patients with Gh without clinically evident eye disease and 4 of 37 patients
      with HT without eye disease. The ADCC test also was positive in 2 of 30 patients
      with thyroid cancer, both of whom had had Gh and ophthalmopathy in the past.
      There was no correlation, in patients with ophthalmopathy, between the levels of
      the antibody (expressed as percent specific lysis) and the titers of antithyroid
      microsomal antibody measured using a hemagglutination assay. Based on the results
      of blocking experiments using mouse monoclonal antibodies against human thyroid
      peroxidase, now known to be the thyroid microsomal antigen, the corresponding
      antigen was not thyroid peroxidase. Moreover, the new antigen was expressed on
      cultured and passaged thyroid cells which do not express the microsomal antigen.
      In patients with ophthalmopathy there was a close correlation between the degree
      of lysis of passaged thyroid cells and that of eye muscle cells, and ADCC
      activity against passaged thyroid cells was absorbed by preincubation of positive
      serum samples with eye muscle and thyroid cell, but not other cell, monolayers.
      The reaction of a newly identified cytotoxic thyroid antibody with a shared
      epitope on eye muscle cells thus appears to be a possible mechanism for the
      development of ophthalmopathy in patients with Gh and, less often, HT.

PMID- 3410944
TI  - Prospective study of microbial colonization of the nose and skin and infection of
      the vascular access site in hemodialysis patients.
AB  - We conducted a prospective study of nasal and skin floras in 71 patients
      receiving chronic hemodialysis. We wished to determine whether a sterile skin
      preparation technique was more effective than a clean technique in removing
      microorganisms from the skin of the vascular access site. We also examined the
      effect of administration of antibiotics and status of patient hygiene on
      microbial flora. The presence of Staphylococcus aureus in the nose had a low
      predictive value for the simultaneous presence of the microorganism on the skin.
      The status of skin colonization can be accurately assessed only by culture of the
      skin. Sterile technique was no more effective at removing microorganisms from
      skin than was clean technique. Antibiotics significantly affected nasal flora but
      not skin flora. S. aureus was significantly more likely to remain on the skin
      after application of an antiseptic in patients with poor hygiene than in patients
      with good hygiene (P = 0.002). Patients with poor hygiene also had a
      significantly higher concentration of S. aureus on the skin of the vascular
      access site after application of antiseptic than patients with good hygiene (P =
      0.005). We found no evidence to support a change from clean to sterile technique
      for skin preparation, but improvement in personal hygiene may be an effective
      strategy for prevention of vascular access infections.

PMID- 3410945
TI  - Nucleic acid hybridization studies of mycobactin-dependent mycobacteria.
AB  - Using molecular techniques, specifically, DNA-DNA hybridization in solution and
      measurement of the thermal stabilities of hybrids, we examined the genetic
      relationships among mycobactin-dependent mycobacteria and between such organisms
      and other (mycobactin-independent) mycobacteria. The mycobactin-dependent
      mycobacteria examined included five strains of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis,
      two wood pigeon isolates, and one bovine isolate that was biochemically
      identified as Mycobacterium avium. All mycobactin-dependent mycobacteria were
      found to belong to the same hybridization group and to be closely related to
      organisms in M. avium complex serovars 2, 8, and 9, but more distantly related to
      organisms in serovars 7 and 19. Relatively low levels of hybridization were
      observed with other mycobacterial species examined. Thus, these results provide
      genetic evidence to support previous biochemical and cultural evidence that
      indicated that mycobactin-dependent mycobacteria constitute a closely related
      group of organisms within the M. avium complex.

PMID- 3410946
TI  - Improvement of a direct agglutination test for field studies of visceral
      leishmaniasis.
AB  - To increase the potential for the wide-scale application of our direct
      agglutination test for visceral leishmaniasis, modifications in the components
      and procedures were introduced. Supplementation with 0.056 M citrate of the
      suspension medium stabilized the antigen for 9 weeks at 37 degrees C. To
      circumvent the need for cooling systems in the field, 0.2% (wt/vol) gelatin was
      added to the serum diluent instead of fetal bovine serum, with reliable results.
      Specificity and sensitivity were improved by the incorporation of 0.1 M 2
      mercaptoethanol in samples with borderline titers. The test could be performed on
      samples of whole blood; thus the difficulties of preparation and storage of
      serum, plasma, or filter paper blood are avoided. For mass screening programs, a
      single serum dilution of 1:6,400 could be employed, contributing to a further
      reduction in test expenses. Sera from different geographical areas showed equal
      reactivities in this direct agglutination test despite the nonhomologous
      Leishmania donovani antigens used.

PMID- 3410947
TI  - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of leukocidin toxin from
      Staphylococcus aureus in bovine milk samples.
AB  - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed for the detection of
      leukocidin toxin from Staphylococcus aureus. The minimum concentration of
      leukocidin detectable with the assay was 30 ng/ml. The enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay was found to be a more sensitive method, by a mean of 45
      fold, for leukocidin detection than was observation of cytolytic effects of the
      toxin on bovine neutrophils. A mean toxin concentration of 974 ng/ml was required
      to produce observable cytolytic effects on neutrophils. Although the enzyme
      linked immunosorbent assay was able to detect leukocidin in milk samples from
      toxin-infused mammary glands, the toxin was detectable in only 2 of 27 S. aureus
      infected milk samples (7%) from cows with chronic staphylococcal mastitis. To
      determine whether leukocidin antibodies in the mastitic milk samples were
      preventing toxin detection, leukocidin was mixed with milk with a high
      antileukocidin antibody titer (from a vaccinated cow) and evaluated with the
      immunoassay. Leukocidin was readily detected in this sample, indicating that milk
      antileukocidin antibodies were not sufficient to prevent detection of any
      leukocidin present in the mastitic milk samples. Failure to detect leukocidin in
      most mastitic milk samples with this assay indicated that, if leukocidin is
      produced in the bovine mammary gland during chronic staphylococcal mastitis, the
      concentration of the toxin may be too low to produce cytolytic effects on
      neutrophils.

PMID- 3410948
TI  - Evaluation of several commercial biochemical and immunologic methods for rapid
      identification of gram-positive cocci directly from blood cultures.
AB  - To develop laboratory methods for the rapid identification of gram-positive cocci
      from blood cultures, several commercial immunological and biochemical tests for
      identifying staphylococci and streptococci from two different blood culture
      systems (Thiol/TSB, Difco Laboratories; BACTEC, Johnston Laboratories, Inc.) were
      evaluated and compared with conventional identification methods. A total of 44
      cultures contained Staphylococcus aureus as determined by conventional methods.
      Commercial immunological methods (six tested) ranged in overall sensitivity from
      38.6 (Staphyloslide; BBL Microbiology Systems) to 77.3% (Staphaurex; Wellcome
      Diagnostics). All methods tested had 100% specificity. A total of 30 isolates of
      group D streptococci were tested with immunological and biochemical
      identification systems. The overall sensitivity ranged from 14.2% (Phadebact
      Group D; Pharmacia Diagnostics) to 100% with Streptex (Wellcome; immunological)
      and Identicult A-E (Scott Laboratories, Inc.; biochemical). The results of this
      study suggest that some reagents can be used to provide rapid identification of
      gram-positive cocci from blood cultures 24 h earlier than standard methods.

PMID- 3410949
TI  - Evaluation of a rapid urease test to detect Campylobacter pylori infection.
AB  - Seventy-five consecutive patients referred for upper gastrointestinal tract
      endoscopy were evaluated for Campylobacter pylori infection by pathology,
      culture, and a biochemical test to detect bacterial urease. Forty-eight patients
      (64%) had C. pylori present based on pathology or culture or both. Thirty-two
      urease tests were positive after 1 h, all in patients with C. pylori detected by
      the two other methods (specificity, 100%; sensitivity, 67%). After 24 h, 47
      urease tests were positive, but only 40 had C. pylori present (specificity, 74%;
      sensitivity, 83%). When read after 1 h, the urease test was highly specific and
      led to rapid presumptive diagnosis.

PMID- 3410950
TI  - Problems with rapid agglutination methods for identification of Staphylococcus
      aureus when Staphylococcus saprophyticus is being tested.
AB  - Six rapid agglutination tests for identification of Staphylococcus aureus were
      evaluated by using 62 strains of S. aureus, 63 strains of S. saprophyticus, and
      67 strains of other coagulase-negative staphylococci. S. saprophyticus was
      responsible for 19 of 26 false-positive results and 20 uninterpretable reactions.
      Thus, urinary staphylococcal isolates that are positive by rapid agglutination
      tests may require other confirmatory tests for the identification of possible S.
      saprophyticus.

PMID- 3410951
TI  - Legionella jordanis isolated from a patient with fatal pneumonia.
AB  - A Legionella-like organism was isolated from an open-lung biopsy of a patient
      with fatal pneumonia. The isolate was shown by growth, physiologic, serologic,
      and genetic characteristics to belong to the species Legionella jordanis, which
      had previously been isolated only from the environment.

PMID- 3410952
TI  - Evaluation of a direct identification method for Staphylococcus aureus from blood
      culture broth.
AB  - We evaluated the reliability of Staphaurex (Wellcome Diagnostics, Dartford,
      England) for the direct identification of staphylococci from blood culture broth
      with evidence of positivity and a suggestive Gram-stained smear. Our evaluation
      indicates that this application is of limited sensitivity, thus reducing the
      value of a negative test. However, since the test is highly specific, a positive
      test is significant in predicting the isolation of Staphylococcus aureus.

PMID- 3410953
TI  - Serratia plymuthica osteomyelitis following a motorcycle accident.
AB  - Serratia plymuthica was isolated from the sinus tract and from the infected bone
      in a case of chronic osteomyelitis following an accident of a motorcyclist. This
      is the second case in which S. plymuthica was a significant pathogen. Previously,
      a case of S. plymuthica sepsis associated with infection of a central venous
      catheter was described.

PMID- 3410955
TI  - Differentiation of toxigenic from nontoxigenic isolates of Pasteurella multocida
      by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
AB  - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the rapid and
      simple differentiation of toxigenic from nontoxigenic strains of Pasteurella
      multocida. The sandwich ELISA is based on two different murine monoclonal
      antibodies with specificity for the P. multocida toxin. The ELISA, which is now
      used as a routine test in Denmark, has several advantages compared with
      previously described biological tests.

PMID- 3410954
TI  - Chronic Morganella morganii arthritis in an elderly patient.
AB  - This report describes the first case of septic arthritis caused by Morganella
      morganii. The elderly patient's course of pyoarthritis was atypical in its benign
      clinical presentation, having little inflammatory response over a prolonged
      period. Septic arthritis should be considered as a possible diagnosis in all
      elderly patients with joint effusions.

PMID- 3410956
TI  - Antibody response to Campylobacter coli in children during intestinal infection
      and carriage.
AB  - In the Central African Republic, etiological studies of diarrhea have shown that
      Campylobacter coli accounts for almost 40% of Campylobacter enteric isolations.
      This prompted us to investigate the antibody response to C. coli infection in
      children. As expected from the literature on Campylobacter jejuni infections, our
      results show that both infection and carriage elicited antibodies against glycine
      extracted membrane antigens, flagella, and cholera toxin. The human antibody
      response to C. coli resembles the response to C. jejuni, and this similarity will
      allow comparative studies on larger numbers of infections, both symptomatic and
      asymptomatic. Anti-cholera toxin antibodies were directed against both the A and
      B subunits.

PMID- 3410957
TI  - Spurious oxacillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus because of defective
      oxacillin disks.
AB  - Clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus wee inappropriately categorized as
      intermediate or resistant to oxacillin on the basis of tests with two lots of
      oxacillin disks. The potency of one lot was tested and found to be below accepted
      limits. Routine quality control tests failed to detect the defective disks.

PMID- 3410958
TI  - Simplified culture procedure for large-scale screening for Chlamydia trachomatis
      infections.
AB  - A method that uses a 48-well tissue culture cluster tray system for the isolation
      of Chlamydia trachomatis is described. The cluster tray system was as sensitive
      (100%) as and more time efficient than the conventional cover slip method,
      thereby being considerably cost saving. With both culture methods, the prevalence
      rates of genital carriage of C. trachomatis in women attending clinics for legal
      abortion and for cervical dysplasia were 5% (31 of 641 patients) and 2% (3 of 148
      patients), respectively.

PMID- 3410960
TI  - Expression of a novel combination of fast and slow troponin T isoforms in rabbit
      extraocular muscles.
AB  - The properties of extraocular muscles (EOMs) are quite different from those of
      the trunk and limb. Here we show that there is a novel pattern of troponin T
      (TnT) expression in EOMs which most likely contributes to the fine control of
      ocular movement and may reflect their innervation by cranial motoneurons. Three
      regions of the muscle were analysed to distinguish the TnT isoforms present in
      the fast singly-innervated fibres from those in the multiply-innervated fibres.
      More than 95% of the TnT in the singly-innervated fibres is TnT3f, which exhibits
      the most graded response to changes in calcium concentration during activation
      (Schachat et al., J. molec. Biol. 198, 551-4). In multiply-innervated fibres,
      which exhibit tonic contractures, the slow troponin T TnT2s is expressed. While
      neither TnT3f nor TnT2s is unique to EOM, this pattern is unusual in two
      respects: first, both TnT3f and TnT2s are minor components of the trunk and limb
      musculature, and second, most muscles express several fast and both slow TnT
      species. Although EOM occupies a highly specialized physiological niche, its
      unusual physiology is not reflected in the presence of new TnT isoforms but in
      the expression of a different ratio of the known species of TnT.

PMID- 3410959
TI  - Differentiation of fast and slow muscles in the rat after neonatal denervation: a
      physiological study.
AB  - Whether an intact innervation is essential for postnatal muscle differentiation
      was examined in the rat by recording physiological contraction parameters.
      Muscles in one leg were denervated neonatally (within 24 h of birth) and, between
      3-28 days after the operation, their contractions were compared with those of the
      contralateral control muscles. Experiments were performed on the extensor
      digitorum longus (edl, a fast muscle) and the soleus (a slow muscle) muscles and
      contractions were recorded in vitro, at 35 degrees C and with direct stimulation.
      When compared with the control muscles, 3-4-day-old neonatally denervated fast
      and slow muscles had longer twitch contractions, higher twitch/tetanus ratios and
      certain other specific differences in their contraction parameters. These
      denervation-induced changes in neonatal muscles were essentially similar to those
      produced 3-7 days after denervation in the differentiated (4-week-old) fast
      muscle. Despite differences in their absolute values, the contraction parameters
      of neonatally denervated and control edl muscles changed similarly during
      development, indicating that postnatal differentiation of fast muscle fibres is
      independent of a neuronal influence. In the case of the neonatally denervated
      soleus muscle, the developmental changes in contraction parameters, i.e.
      shortening of the twitch duration, increase of rate of rise and rate of
      relaxation in the tetanus and increase of the maximum shortening velocity, were
      more pronounced than in the control slow muscle; also, there were similarities
      with the pattern of fast muscle differentiation. Thus, muscle fibre
      differentiation in soleus becomes altered towards that of a fast muscle after
      neonatal denervation.

PMID- 3410961
TI  - A self-induced translation model of myosin head motion in contracting muscle. I.
      Force-velocity relation and energy liberation.
AB  - In our previous model, it was assumed that the two heads of myosin act co
      operatively in producing force for the sliding of actin filaments relative to
      myosin filaments. We eliminate the assumption of co-operativity in the present
      model, following the conclusion by Harada and co-workers that a co-operative
      interaction between the two heads of myosin is not essential in producing actin
      filament movement. We assume that (1) a myosin head activated by ATP hydrolysis
      binds to the thin filament at a definite angle and does not do the power stroke,
      i.e. does not change its orientation during attachment, (2) a potential of force
      acting on the myosin head is induced around the thin filament when an ATP
      activated myosin head binds to an actin molecule in the thin filament, and (3)
      the potential remains for a while after detachment of the myosin head and
      statistically controls the direction of thermal motion of the myosin head, so
      that the myosin head translates toward the Z-line as a statistical average. We
      did calculations on these assumptions with a mean tension approximation and got
      the following results. (a) The calculated force-velocity relation in muscle
      contraction is in fairly good agreement with experimental observation, including
      the give phenomenon that lengthening velocity becomes very large for a force
      about twice the isometric tension. (b) The calculated rate of energy liberation
      during muscle contraction as a function of load on muscle is in good agreement
      with experimental results. (c) The calculated distance over which a myosin
      molecule moves along the thin filament during one ATP hydrolysis can be more than
      60 nm under unloaded conditions.

PMID- 3410962
TI  - The role of calcium ions in the activation of rabbit psoas muscle.
AB  - This study tested the effects of free Ca++ on both the small-amplitude mechanical
      behaviour (dynamic stiffness and phase between 1 and 500 Hz) and the large-scale
      filament-sliding behaviour (Vmax) of single fibres of chemically-activated
      glycerol-extracted rabbit psoas muscle. Small-amplitude vibrations (0.1% peak-to
      peak of initial length L0) were used to elicit fw, the frequency for maximum
      oscillatory work-production per cycle. The unloaded contraction velocity Vmax was
      measured during the same contractions, using the slack-test method with
      shortening length steps of up to 10% L0. These produced nonlinear length-time
      plots demonstrating that the unloaded contraction velocity was not constant as
      contraction progressed, but fell with time. This behaviour was approximated by
      two velocities, V1 the velocity observed for about the first 15 ms and V2 the
      velocity after this time. V1 and V2 were found to have different sensitivities to
      Ca++. The value of V2 fell as the level of [Ca++] was reduced, and was linearly
      proportional to the active tension over the range 0.2 Pmax to Pmax (where Pmax is
      the isometric tension for saturating amounts of Ca++). In contrast to this V1
      remained insensitive to changes in [Ca++] for levels of activation corresponding
      to active tensions ranging from Pmax to 0.6 Pmax, and then fell as the level of
      activation was further reduced. It was found that the level of [Ca++] did not
      affect the magnitude of fw over the range of concentrations yielding active
      tensions from 0.2 Pmax to Pmax. These results are discussed in terms of the
      kinetic processes underlying transient readjustments to perturbations from
      isometric equilibrium.

PMID- 3410963
TI  - Actin dynamics in cells. Actin on the more.

PMID- 3410964
TI  - Characterisation of microglia isolated from adult human and rat brain.
AB  - A method has been developed to isolate microglia from adult human and rat brain
      cell suspensions by rosette formation via Fc receptors. Immunocytochemical
      characterisation of the cells immediately following isolation and after 7-10 days
      in vitro with a panel of monoclonal antibodies has demonstrated that microglia
      from adult brain have the phenotypic characteristics and phagocytic capacity of
      mononuclear phagocytes, but lack the hydrolytic enzyme, non-specific esterase.
      The ability to isolate rapidly a purified population of microglia from adult
      brain provides a means for investigating mechanisms of activation and
      differentiation of tissue macrophages, which could elucidate their role in
      inflammation of the central nervous system.

PMID- 3410965
TI  - Clinical directors of pathology: who are they and what do they direct?

PMID- 3410966
TI  - Incidence of decreased penicillin sensitivity of Streptococcus pneumoniae from
      clinical isolates.
AB  - One hundred isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from clinical specimens
      over nine months were examined for sensitivity to penicillin using disc tests and
      minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) studies. Four per cent of the isolates
      were found to have reduced sensitivity to penicillin. Penicillin and methicillin
      discs with 1 unit and 5 micrograms antibiotic, respectively, were inferior to
      discs with 1 microgram oxacillin, which gave results comparable with those of MIC
      studies.

PMID- 3410967
TI  - Neonatal screening for cystic fibrosis in Wales and the West Midlands: 1.
      Evaluation of immunoreactive trypsin test.
AB  - A study programme was set up in Wales and the West Midlands to evaluate serum
      immunoreactive trypsin screening for cystic fibrosis in neonates using blood
      spots collected for metabolic screening. By screening half the blood spots from
      each area, it was hoped to generate two comparable groups of fibrocystic
      children; those detected by screening and those not screened who would be
      diagnosed clinically. Over almost three years, more than 120,000 specimens were
      screened and 37 infants detected with cystic fibrosis. Four additional
      fibrocystic patients were missed on screening: two had negative immunoreactive
      trypsin values, of which one had meconium ileus, and two, although giving initial
      positive tests, were negative on follow up. Excluding infants known to be at
      risk, comparison of the numbers of children detected in the screened and
      unscreened groups showed more than a two-fold difference in favour of the
      screened group. There may be a large number of undiagnosed fibrocystic patients
      in the general population.

PMID- 3410968
TI  - Significant intimal abnormalities in muscular pulmonary arteries of patients with
      early obstructive lung disease.
AB  - Substantial intimal changes, unrelated to aging, were found in resected lobes or
      lungs of 30 smokers with early obstructive lung disease (22 men, eight women: age
      range 46-74 years: forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)% predicted range
      47-119%). Intimal area was measured using a digitiser and expressed as a
      proportion of the area enclosed by the internal elastic lamina (IEL), correcting
      for constriction (intima index). Arteries were subdivided into four size (length
      IEL) groups. For the smallest group (less than or equal to 600 micron length IEL)
      the mean intima index (II600) ranged from 0.09-0.34; half the values were greater
      than or equal to 0.20. Intimal abnormality was unrelated to the size or site of
      tumour or to macroscopic emphysema, and correlated weakly with pack years. II600
      values were, however, significantly correlated with factors known to be affected
      by smoking such as alveolar wall surface area per unit lung volume, FEV1%
      predicted, and FEV1/FVC (forced vital capacity); these last two factors were also
      significantly associated with intimal abnormality in arteries measuring 601-1200
      micron length IEL.

PMID- 3410969
TI  - Inflammatory pseudotumour of spleen.
AB  - A case of inflammatory pseudotumour of spleen in which plasma cells were the
      predominant cell type, is described. It presented as multiple nodules in the
      spleen of a 37 year old woman who died of myocardial infarction, and was an
      incidental finding at necropsy. Plasma cells were the dominant cell type, and the
      admixture of other cells within the mass and the lack of a monotypic light
      chain/immunoglobulin phenotype on immunohistochemical analysis precluded a
      diagnosis of malignant disease. The potential for misinterpretation of this
      lesion as a neoplasm is considerable and its recognition may therefore be of
      great clinical importance.

PMID- 3410971
TI  - Vegetarian diet and cobalamin deficiency: their association with tuberculosis.
AB  - To determine whether the high incidence of tuberculosis among Asiatic Indians in
      the United Kingdom was due to impaired killing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by
      macrophages from patients deficient in cobalamin, a nutritional survey was
      carried out among 1187 Indians and the incidence of tuberculosis determined from
      medical records. The question asked was whether tuberculosis was significantly
      more common among life-long vegetarians compared with omnivores. The incidence of
      tuberculosis in vegetarians was 133 in 1000 and that in subjects on mixed diets
      48 in 1000. These findings lend support to the hypothesis that dietary factors
      are of major importance in determining the susceptibility of Asiatic Indians to
      tuberculosis.

PMID- 3410970
TI  - Upper oesophageal gastric heterotopia: a prospective necropsy study in children.
AB  - Three hundred specimens of oesophagus obtained at necropsy from infants and
      children aged from 0 to 14 years, dying from a variety of causes, were examined
      prospectively for evidence of gastric heterotopia. Gastric heterotopia was
      observed in 63 (21%) of the whole series, representing a much higher incidence
      than reported previously. Excluding deaths in the perinatal period, the incidence
      appeared to be inversely related to age. Heterotopia was restricted to the
      subcricoid level of the oesophagus and often showed a close association with
      lymphoid tissue. There was no association with congenital malformation, and
      heterotopia occurred more commonly in those infants whose deaths were
      unexplained, although the reason for this association was unclear.

PMID- 3410972
TI  - Refractory myelodysplastic anaemias with hypocellular bone marrow.
AB  - Thirty three patients with refractory myelodysplastic anaemias (RMDA) with marrow
      hypocellularity were reviewed to see whether they differed from those with
      normocellular or hypercellular marrows. The median age was 65 years with a
      male:female ratio of 26:7. There were 11 cases of refractory anaemia (RA), four
      of refractory anaemia with ringed sideroblasts (RARS), and 18 of refractory
      anaemia with excess of blasts (RAEB). All presented with peripheral cytopenias,
      mostly pancytopenia or bicytopenia dysplasia in one or more cell lineages, and a
      marrow biopsy specimen with less than normal numbers of nucleated cells for the
      age. Twenty four patients died, including 14 of the 16 who developed acute non
      lymphocytic leukaemia (ANLL). The results suggest that patients with hypocellular
      RMDA have a similar prognosis to those with normocellular or hypercellular
      marrows at presentation.

PMID- 3410973
TI  - Lymphoid aggregates in bone marrow: study of eventual outcome.
AB  - The practical importance of finding a morphologically benign lymphoid aggregate
      in the bone marrow of patients without known lymphoproliferative disease was
      assessed in 786 consecutive patients who had had 951 iliac crest bone marrow
      biopsies performed. Of these, 430 patients known to have lymphoproliferative
      disease at the time of biopsy were excluded. Of 356 patients, 86 (aggregate
      group) had at least one lymphoid aggregate in their biopsy specimen biopsy
      specimen (82 morphologically benign, three suspicious, and one malignant).
      Another 86 patients without aggregates (control group) were matched by age and
      sex. Both groups were followed up until death, or for a mean of 21.9 and 22.9
      months, respectively, to assess their outcome. Eighteen (22%) of the 82 patients
      with morphologically benign lymphoid aggregates were later proved to have
      lymphoproliferative disease compared with none of the 86 control patients.
      Another 12 patients in the aggregate group and seven in the control group were
      suspected of having a lymphoproliferative disease on clinical grounds, so that
      altogether 30 (37%) and seven (8%), respectively, developed confirmed or
      suspected lymphoproliferative disease. In both cases the differences were highly
      significant (p less than 0.001). It is suggested that lymphoid aggregates in
      clinical biopsy material may not be a physiological finding and should alert
      pathologists or haematologists to the possibility of lymphoproliferative disease.

PMID- 3410975
TI  - Ferritin in cerebrospinal fluid differentiation between central nervous system
      haemorrhage and traumatic spinal puncture.

PMID- 3410974
TI  - Method to quantitate intestinal metaplasia of stomach by image analysis.
AB  - With the aid of an image quantifier, the distribution of histochemically labelled
      (alcian blue, pH 2.5) mucin-producing goblet cells was recorded from a
      gastrectomy specimen with a peptic ulcer to determine the degree of metaplasia.
      Of 254 measurements made, 130 were in the antrum and 124 in the fundic area. The
      areas occupied by cells positive for alcian blue were 7.5 (SD 9.89)% in the
      antral region, and 1.8 (1.84)% and 0.92 (1.15)% in the two zones representing the
      fundic area. The difference between the positive mucosal areas in the antrum was
      significantly higher (p less than 0.001) than in the fundic area. The positively
      stained area found along the lesser curvature was 7.76 (12.0)% while along the
      greater curvature, it was 2.17 (3.02)% (p less than 0.001). This method will be
      useful for future studies of the extent and topographical distribution of
      intestinal metaplasia among populations with disparate incidences of gastric
      carcinoma because it permits comparison of different areas of intestinal
      metaplasia in mucous gastric zones.

PMID- 3410976
TI  - New type of staphylococcal endocarditis.

PMID- 3410977
TI  - Urease tests for Campylobacter pylori: care in interpretation.

PMID- 3410978
TI  - Anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive laboratory reagents.

PMID- 3410979
TI  - Correction of plasma protein concentrations for haemodilution.

PMID- 3410980
TI  - Retinoids. Proceedings of a symposium held at the American Academy of
      Dermatology, forty-sixth annual meeting. San Antonio, TX, December 8, 1987.

PMID- 3410982
TI  - Periumbilical perforating pseudoxanthoma elasticum.
AB  - Perforating pseudoxanthoma elasticum is a rare disorder that can occur in skin
      lesions associated with hereditary pseudoxanthoma elasticum and as a localized
      acquired cutaneous form. The localized lesion usually occurs in a periumbilical
      location in obese, multiparous black women. Here we report an additional case of
      periumbilical perforating pseudoxanthoma elasticum and discuss its potential
      relationship to systemic disease (hereditary pseudoxanthoma elasticum).

PMID- 3410983
TI  - Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus associated with breast carcinoma.
AB  - A case of subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus associated with breast carcinoma
      is presented. The patient had not been aware of her malignant disease and had
      consulted us after her dermatosis developed. To date only one case of subacute
      cutaneous lupus erythematosus associated with malignancy has been described in
      the literature. The relationship between a dermatosis and a malignant internal
      disease is discussed.

PMID- 3410981
TI  - Lipid and teratogenic effects of retinoids.
AB  - Teratogenicity and the effect on blood lipids are among the most significant side
      effects produced by oral retinoids. The effects on blood lipids are limited
      primarily to an increase in plasma triglyceride levels and a decrease in high
      density lipoprotein cholesterol. These can be modified by dietary manipulation or
      dosage reduction. Although elevated serum triglyceride levels and decreased high
      density lipoprotein cholesterol have been linked to coronary artery disease, this
      has not been the case in patients receiving retinoids for acne. Greater caution
      must be exercised in patients receiving long-term dosing of retinoids.
      Teratogenic effects of retinoids include those affecting the central nervous
      system, heart, and craniofacial structures. Therefore female patients taking oral
      retinoids must not be pregnant, and precautions should be taken so that they do
      not become pregnant while under treatment. The time at which patients may become
      pregnant after retinoid treatment varies with the different retinoids.

PMID- 3410984
TI  - Pemphigus, myasthenia gravis, and pregnancy.
AB  - A 27-year-old woman with active but stable myasthenia gravis developed pemphigus
      while she was pregnant. Therapeutic abortion performed for personal reasons was
      followed by clinical and serologic improvement in her immunobullous disease. Both
      autoimmune conditions, pemphigus and myasthenia gravis, may be adversely affected
      by pregnancy. As with another immunobullous disease, herpes gestationis (bullous
      pemphigoid of pregnancy), hormonal factors appear to induce pemphigus. Although
      myasthenia gravis and pemphigus have been reported during pregnancy, this is the
      first instance of coexisting myasthenia gravis and pemphigus in a pregnant woman.

PMID- 3410986
TI  - Separation of immunoglobulin and transferrin from blood serum and plasma by metal
      chelate interaction chromatography.
AB  - Metal chelate interaction chromatography was used to separate Ig, transferrin,
      and albumin from blood serum and blood plasma. A column was packed with
      iminodiacetic acid: 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl Sepharose 6B or Sephacryl S-300 and
      loaded with copper, zinc, nickel, or cobalt ion. Radial immunodiffusion assay
      indicated that Ig-rich fractions of blood serum obtained from Zn-, Ni-, Co-, and
      Cu-loaded columns contained 23.2, 81.3, 79.4, and 98.1% active IgG, respectively.
      Transferrin was recovered from the second peak. When the same conditions of metal
      chelate interaction chromatography were used for blood plasma, hemoglobin tended
      to bind strongly to the Cu-loaded column and was eluted only with 50% ethanol.
      Modification of histidine residues in Ig and transferrin with diethyl
      pyrocarbonate almost completely destroyed their binding ability to the column.
      Immunoglobulin G separated showed antilipopolysaccharide antibody activity
      against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and Bordettella parapertussis.

PMID- 3410985
TI  - Hair transplantation between identical twins.
AB  - Hair transplantation between monozygotic twins was used to repair a marked
      congenital, nonprogressive alopecia of the scalp. The alopecia was due to a
      follicular aplasia that, along with several other abnormalities of the
      integumentary system, affected only one of the twins. This case represents a
      unique application of isograft transplantation.

PMID- 3410988
TI  - Isolation and characterization of mutants of Propionibacterium strains.
AB  - Procedures were developed to isolate and characterize mutants of strains of dairy
      propionibacteria. These procedures included the construction of minimal defined
      media to support growth of the strains, optimization of conditions of exposure of
      the strains to nitrosoguanidine, and identification of the phenotypes of the
      mutants that were generated. The minimal defined medium contained inorganic
      salts, adenosine, three vitamins, and sodium lactate as the carbon source, with
      cysteine, methionine, or cysteine plus methionine added as required by some
      strains. For mutagenesis, cells were exposed to either 100, 200, or 1000
      micrograms/ml nitrosoguanidine, depending on the sensitivity of the strain, for
      60 min at 35 degrees C. At least nine stable mutants were isolated and
      characterized for each of the five strains under study. The most frequent
      mutations generated were requirements for arginine, histidine, methionine, and
      uracil and alteration in pigment production.

PMID- 3410987
TI  - Modification of the vermont test for monitoring fat adulteration of dairy
      products.
AB  - The Vermont test was developed for the routine screening of dairy products for
      vegetable fat adulteration. A slight modification of the test procedure made it
      more rapid and reduced costs. Gas-liquid chromatographic analysis of saponified
      fatty acids in the first and second Mojonnier extractions were proportional;
      thus, only the first extraction was needed to determine the purity of a milk
      lipid sample. This modification saves about 8 min/series of four samples and
      conserves 48% of the volume of organic solvents necessary to perform the
      classical Mojonnier extraction.

PMID- 3410989
TI  - Preparation of the bifidus milk powder.
AB  - Malt extract and skim milk were used as the culture medium for bifidobacteria.
      Bifidobacterium longum E194b (ATCC 15707) selected from among four strains grew
      well in a nitrogen atmosphere regardless of the initial dissolved oxygen level of
      the culture medium. The optimum temperature range for growth was 34 to 37 degrees
      C. The viable cell numbers of Bifidobacterium in freeze-dried powder from
      neutralized bifidus milk were 20 times those found in powder from nonneutralized
      milk after storage for 30 d at 35 degrees C. The optimum residual water content
      in the powder for bacterial stability was about 3.5% or less. Bifidus milk powder
      prepared under these optimum conditions contained at least one billion viable
      cells even after storage for 30 d at 35 degrees C. The powder must be sealed with
      material made of aluminium for storage.

PMID- 3410990
TI  - Triglyceride accumulation and very low density lipoprotein secretion by rat and
      goat hepatocytes in vitro.
AB  - Utilization of [1-14C] oleate by freshly isolated rat and goat hepatocytes was
      compared. Intracellular [14C] triglyceride accumulation by hepatocytes did not
      differ between species. At 2 h of incubation, rat hepatocytes secreted
      approximately 25 times more [14C] triglyceride than goat hepatocytes. Very low
      density lipoprotein secretion was greatest by hepatocytes incubated in media
      containing 4:1 oleate:bovine serum albumin. Rat hepatocytes converted three to
      four times more [1-14C] oleate to 14CO2 and acid-soluble products than goat
      hepatocytes. Rate of 14CO2 formation by both rat and goat hepatocytes increased
      as incubation time increased and as rate of cellular triglyceride accumulation
      decreased. The ratio of 14CO2:[14C] acid-soluble products formed was greater for
      rat than goat hepatocytes, which indicated rat hepatocytes may oxidize fatty acid
      more completely. Differences in metabolic rate, based on oxygen consumption,
      between isolated goat and rat hepatocytes were minor and could not account for
      marked differences in very low density lipoprotein secretion. Goat hepatocytes
      did not incorporate detectable quantities of labeled fatty acid into low or high
      density lipoproteins. Ruminants may be susceptible to fatty liver when the liver
      takes up large amount of nonesterified fatty acid due to an inability to
      efficiently export fatty acid as very low density lipoprotein triglyceride.

PMID- 3410991
TI  - Responses of dairy cattle to long-term and short-term supplementation with oral
      selenium and vitamin E1.
AB  - In a two-lactation-gestation cycle experiment, 152 Holstein cows with low serum
      Se and vitamin E were fed total mixed rations and assigned at parturition to four
      groups (1, control; 2, 500 IU vitamin E/d; 3, 2 mg Se/d; 4, 500 IU vitamin E plus
      2 mg Se/d). Supplements were not fed during dry periods. Serum Se and vitamin E
      were increased within 1 mo by oral supplements. Maximal mean serum Se in cycles 1
      (67 ng/ml at 7 mo) and 2 (74 ng/ml at 4 mo) occurred in groups 3 and 4,
      respectively. Maximal mean serum vitamin E in cycle 1 (3.3 micrograms/ml at mo 8)
      and 2 (3.03 micrograms/ml at mo 2) occurred in groups 4 and 2, respectively.
      Selenium treatment of the dams increased Se in colostrum and in serum of
      presuckle calves. Vitamin E supplementation of dams did not affect vitamin E in
      serum of presuckled calves. Reproductive performance was not affected by
      supplement. In an 8-wk study, 24 lactating cows with low serum Se were assigned
      (6/group) to 0, 2.5, 5, and 10 mg supplemental Se/d. Maximal mean serum Se
      concentrations of 23, 56, 71, and 79 ng/ml were attained by wk 4 in the above
      respective groups. These data indicate that 2 to 2.5 mg supplemental Se/cow per d
      were inadequate for desirable serum Se concentrations and support recent changes
      in allowed Se supplementation for dairy cattle.

PMID- 3410992
TI  - Effect of peripartum energy concentration on production performance of Holstein
      cows.
AB  - Ninety multiparous Holstein cows were used to measure the effect of energy during
      the prepartum and postpartum periods. During the prepartum period (63 d) half of
      the cows were fed grass silage ad libitum and a concentrate (16% protein) was
      offered daily at .25% of BW. The other half of the cows were offered the silage
      ad libitum but concentrate at .75% of BW. At calving each of the two prepartum
      groups was subdivided into three subgroups and fed corn silage for ad libitum
      consumption, 4.5 kg of hay/d and concentrate (20% protein) at .25 or .75% of BW
      daily, or ad libitum. After 112 d of lactation, all cows were switched to a diet
      consisting of corn silage fed ad libitum and 1 kg of concentrate (20% protein)/4
      kg of milk. Roughage intake was reduced with an increase of concentrate
      consumption. Body measurements, calf weight, milk yield, feed efficiency,
      services per conception, and incidence of diseases were not influenced by the
      prepartum regimen. However, the interval from parturition to conception was 24 d
      longer for cows on the higher prepartum energy concentration (.75% of BW). None
      of the cows was able to meet its nutrient requirement in early lactation. Milk
      yield increased with each increment of concentrate in the postpartum diet.
      Reproduction and health were not affected by the postpartum regimen.

PMID- 3410993
TI  - In vivo digestibility of corn and sunflower intercropped as a silage crop.
AB  - Six nonlactating Holstein cows in a 3 x 3 Latin square total collection digestion
      trial were used to evaluate three low DM (less than 26%) silage types: 1) corn;
      2) corn and sunflower intercropped and 3) sunflower. Feeding periods consisted of
      a 7-d adjustment followed by a 5-d collection period. Dry matter intake was
      similar for the three treatments; 12.5, 12.1, and 12.0 kg, respectively. Percent
      apparent digestibilities for DM, NDF, and N for corn and corn-sunflower were
      similar and greater than for sunflower: DM (69.6, 68.2, 57.4); NDF (68.1, 61.5,
      51.6); and N (66.3, 66.5, 63.6). No differences were observed for digestibilities
      of ADF, hemicellulose, starch, or for N retention. Percent ether extract
      digestibility was greatest for corn-sunflower and sunflower silage when compared
      with digestibility of corn silage (82.5, 77.9, vs. 66.3). Major changes in rumen
      fermentation patterns were not observed as evidenced by rumen molar proportions
      of propionate, isobutyrate, isovalerate, valerate, or acetate to propionate
      ratios. No difference was observed for rumen NH3 N (2.7, 3.2, 4.1 mg/dl,
      respectively). Corn and sunflower intercropped silage had intermediate
      concentrations of fat, fiber, and protein when compared with those of corn or
      sunflower silages.

PMID- 3410994
TI  - Potassium requirement of dairy calves.
AB  - Thirty-five Holstein and Jersey calves were blocked according to breed and sex,
      then randomly assigned at 4 wk of age to four dietary concentrations of K (.55,
      .84, 1.02, or 1.32% of DM) for a 10-wk period. Plasma K, Na, Ca, and Mg; body
      weight change; and feed intake were similar among the four treatments, as was
      average daily gain, which averaged .73 kg across all diets. In a second trial, 16
      Holstein calves were blocked according to sex and randomly assigned at 6 wk of
      age to two concentrations of dietary K (.34 and .58% of DM) for an 8-wk period.
      Plasma Ca was higher at wk 8, and plasma Mg lower at wk 4, on the .58% K diet,
      while plasma Na and K were unaffected by dietary K concentration. Average daily
      gain for the .58% K group was .74 kg compared with .60 kg for calves receiving
      .34% K. In addition, both feed intake and body weight change were higher during
      the last 4 wk of the trial for the calves fed .58% K. As a result of the
      increased performance exhibited by the calves receiving .58% K, we conclude that
      the dietary K requirement of the growing dairy calf is within the range of .34 to
      .58%.

PMID- 3410995
TI  - Inclusion of partial lactations in the genetic analysis of yield traits by
      differential weighting of records.
AB  - Mixed model equations are constructed using the convention of regression on dummy
      variables that are given values of either unity (presence of the effect) or zero
      (absence of the effect). In the proposed method, incomplete records were included
      by computing regression coefficients of sire effects as the regression of the
      effect on the partial record on the same effect on the complete record. Partial
      and complete records were treated equally for other effects. Regression and the
      error components of variance were estimated as simple functions of the length of
      the partial records. The only additional computation required in sire evaluation
      was the differential weighting of records in the construction of the mixed model
      equations. This method was tested on field data and was slightly more accurate
      than evaluations including partial records without differential weighting and
      significantly more accurate than evaluations obtained with partial records
      deleted.

PMID- 3410996
TI  - Phenotypic and genetic relationship between linear functional type traits and
      milk yield for five breeds.
AB  - Lactation records of cows first calving between 18 and 35 mo were combined with
      linear type ratings assigned during the same lactation if before 43 mo.
      Phenotypic relationships were examined between final score and 13 type appraisal
      traits and first lactation milk yield from 2935 Ayrshire, 3154 Brown Swiss,
      13,110 Guernsey, 50,422 Jersey, and 924 Milking Shorthorn records. Most
      phenotypic correlations between type and milk yield were low. Linear correlations
      of final score with first lactation milk yield were .18 to .38. Of the linear
      functional type traits, correlations with first lactation yield had greatest
      absolute values for dairy character (.19 to .53), udder depth (-.26 to -.30), and
      rear udder width (.20 to .31). Multiple correlations of all type appraisal traits
      with first lactation milk yield ranged from .41 to .59. Herd-year-season
      components of variance averaged 25% for type traits. Herd-year-season with sire
      interaction averaged 4%. Heritability estimates for final score from paternal
      half-sib analysis were from .11 to .21. Heritability estimates for linear traits
      ranged from .01 to .37. Genetic correlation between milk and final score was
      positive for Guernseys (.25) and Jerseys (.21). Genetic correlations between
      yield and most linear type traits were low to moderate except for dairy character
      (.53 to .77).

PMID- 3410997
TI  - Use of latex teat dip with germicide during the prepartum period.
AB  - The efficacy of an acrylic latex barrier teat dip with germicide on new
      infections at parturition was tested on 113 cows and heifers during the prepartum
      period. A split udder design was used in which right quarters were undipped
      controls and left quarters were dipped with latex dip once daily for
      approximately 14 d prior to parturition. Distal streak canal swabs were taken
      from all quarters prior to the beginning of dipping, and all cows were quarter
      sampled in duplicate at drying off, parturition, and the first 5 consecutive wk
      of lactation. All quarters received antibiotic therapy at drying off. Excluding
      infections detected by distal streak canal swabs, the number of new infections at
      parturition in control and dipped quarters was 32 and 36. New infections at
      parturition in control and dipped quarters were Staphylococcus aureus, 2 and 2;
      coagulase-negative staphylococci, 8 and 9; stretptococci, 10 and 12; coliforms, 8
      and 8; and others, 4 and 5. Differences were not significant. These results
      suggest no benefit to use of prepartum latex teat dip with germicide on new
      infections at parturition.

PMID- 3410998
TI  - Acanthoma fissuratum.
AB  - Five cases of acanthoma fissuratum observed in the last years are reported. These
      lesions, located along the retroauricular fold and on the nasal bridge, are
      caused by ill-fitting eyeglasses. Clinically, acanthoma fissuratum is often
      mistaken for a basal cell epithelioma. The definitive diagnosis can be confirmed
      by characteristic histologic features in association with clinical and anamnestic
      data. Acanthoma fissuratum merits recognition as a distinctive lesion of
      importance for dermatologists and surgeons.

PMID- 3410999
TI  - Periungual hyperpigmentation mimicking Hutchinson's sign associated with
      minocycline administration.
AB  - An assessment of the occurrence rate of periungual hyperpigmentation with
      subungual melanoma (Hutchinson's sign) and periungual hyperpigmentation with
      other subungual lesions has not been published, although periungual
      hyperpigmentation with a pigmented streak or other pigmented lesion of the nail
      has been considered pathognomonic for subungual melanoma for a century. We report
      a case of minocycline hyperpigmentation presenting as a longitudinal pigmented
      streak of the nail associated with periungual hyperpigmentation. These pigmentary
      changes could be mistaken for Hutchinson's sign.

PMID- 3411000
TI  - Lymphangioma circumscriptum.

PMID- 3411001
TI  - Patient "grounding".
AB  - Dispersive electrodes are often neglected or misused in electrosurgery. A
      dispersive electrode can increase electrosurgical safety and effectiveness. If
      misused, however, it can become the source of patient injury. The following
      article summarizes the proper use of dispersive electrodes and differentiates
      them from actual grounding.

PMID- 3411002
TI  - Outpatient anesthesia.
AB  - More complex methods of outpatient anesthesia, including I.V. sedation and
      general anesthesia, have become commonplace. Patient selection and preoperative
      evaluation are discussed, as well as the choice of who will deliver anesthesia.
      Appropriate outpatient facilities and monitoring are reviewed. The authors'
      favorite methods of anesthesia, caveats, and suggestions are presented, as well
      as prevention and treatment of anesthesia problems and emergencies.

PMID- 3411003
TI  - Postoperative techniques for corneal protection in Mohs micrographic surgery.
AB  - Corneal abrasion or injury can complicate periorbital surgery. In micrographic
      surgery of the eyelids and canthal regions, enough palpebral tissue may be
      sacrificed so that corneal exposure and injury can occur. In the interim between
      surgery and reconstruction, adequate measures must be taken to ensure protection
      of the globe. Techniques that protect the corneal epithelium for small or large
      surgical defects are described.

PMID- 3411004
TI  - The effect of dacarbazine on wound healing.
AB  - The effects of dacarbazine on wound healing were studied in an animal model.
      Sixty rats were divided into four groups. Each animal received a standard dorsal
      midline wound on day 0. Group 1 was injected with normal saline and acted as
      control; group 2 received 4 mg/kg of dacarbazine daily on days -3, -2, -1
      (preoperative); group 3 received dacarbazine on days +1, +2, +3
      (perioperatively); and group 4 received dacarbazine on days +5, +6, +7
      (postoperatively). Wound bursting strength (WBS) was measured on days +7, +14,
      and +21. There was a significant decrease in WBS in experimental animals in
      groups 3 and 4 (perioperative and postoperative administration) compared to
      control animals, but no significant effect of preoperative dacarbazine on WBS in
      experimental animals (group 2). It is suggested that these effects are mediated
      through the late inflammatory phase of wound healing.

PMID- 3411005
TI  - Syringe-assisted liposuction: a cosmetic surgeon's office technique.
AB  - Liposuction surgery is the fastest growing cosmetic surgical procedure in the
      United States. Our goal is to present a clinical review of our last 50 patients.
      We will present a technique of liposuction void of suction machine that is easily
      managed as an office surgical technique. The technique is modified from that of
      Dr. Fournier. We will outline the technique, including patient preoperative
      evaluation, monitoring, fluid management, postprocedure complications,
      photographic results, and, most importantly, patient selection.

PMID- 3411006
TI  - [The International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources: its
      structure and functions].

PMID- 3411007
TI  - [Phenogenetic analysis of coloboma gene expression and its interaction with the
      ocular retardation gene in mice].

PMID- 3411008
TI  - [V. N. Chernigovskii's reactive inhibition].

PMID- 3411009
TI  - [The role of glia in the neuronal reaction of snails to a permanent magnetic
      field].

PMID- 3411011
TI  - [Crystalline structures of the saliva, their nature and properties].

PMID- 3411010
TI  - [Biological activity of the parasporal crystals of Bacillus thuringiensis].

PMID- 3411012
TI  - [Antimutagenic activity of antioxidants among dihydroxy aromatic compounds].

PMID- 3411013
TI  - [Clastogenic action of gossypol on spermatogenic cells in rats studied by
      counting micronuclei].

PMID- 3411014
TI  - [The level of DNA methylation and "stationary-phase aging" in cultured cells].

PMID- 3411015
TI  - Controlled experiments of the diffraction of sound by a curved surface.
AB  - Controlled measurements of the sound field from a point source above a curved
      surface are described. The measurements were made in the frequency range between
      0.3 and 10 kHz, in the case of a rigid boundary and a surface of finite
      impedance. Receiver positions include all of the area within, and above, the
      shadow zone and for various source heights. Particular attention is given to the
      region across the shadow boundary. The measurements are compared to diffraction
      theory expressed in terms of a residue series, or creeping wave solution. The
      calculation is extended by removing restrictive approximations and by carrying
      the computation to higher-order terms. A numerical algorithm allows the extension
      to the general case of a finite impedance. Above the shadow boundary, the sound
      field is calculated using geometrical theory that accounts for reflections from a
      curved surface. Deep within the shadow, theory and measurements agree to,
      typically, 0.5 dB. The same agreement is obtained between measurements and the
      geometrical theory well above the shadow boundary. In the vicinity of the shadow
      boundary, both theories agree to within 0.5 dB but differ from the measured
      results by 2 to 5 dB. Finally, the theory is compared to measurements obtained
      outdoors above a grass covered curved ground with no refraction and above flat
      ground with refraction.

PMID- 3411016
TI  - Cavitation threshold measurements for microsecond length pulses of ultrasound.
AB  - The acoustic cavitation threshold of an aqueous solution has been measured at
      megahertz frequencies as a function of pulse width and pulse repetition frequency
      for various combinations of these quantities. The fluid tested was a 0.1M KOH
      H3BO3 buffer solution with pH 10.9, which contained luminol, was saturated with
      argon, and filtered to 25 mu. The presence of cavitation was detected by a
      photomultiplier tube that required the emission of visible light that was both
      larger in magnitude and longer in duration than a preset criterion. It was
      observed that the cavitation threshold of water under pulse conditions decreases
      both when the pulse width is fixed and the pulse repetition frequency is
      increased, and when the pulse repetition frequency is fixed and the pulse width
      is increased. Acoustic cavitation thresholds measured in aqueous solutions are
      significantly less than those acoustic pressures associated with instruments that
      are currently in widespread use in medicine.

PMID- 3411017
TI  - Prediction of rectified diffusion during nonlinear bubble pulsations at
      biomedical frequencies.
AB  - A computer study of rectified diffusion was made over the biomedical frequency
      range (1-10 MHz). Solutions of the Gilmore-Akulichev [E. Cramer, in Cavitation
      and Inhomogeneities in Underwater Acoustics, edited by W. Lauterborn (Springer,
      New York, 1980), pp. 54-63] formulation for bubble dynamics were combined with
      the Eller-Flynn [A. Eller and H.G. Flynn, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 37, 493-503 (1965)]
      approach to rectified diffusion in order to calculate thresholds and growth
      rates. It is found that: (1) for frequencies above 1 MHz, the widely held view
      that small bubbles grow by rectified diffusion to "resonance size" and then
      collapse violently is true only for narrow ranges of bubbles; (2) growth rates in
      the low megahertz range can be quite high for medically relevant pressures,
      approximately 20 micron/s at 1 MHz, 1 bar; (3) thresholds derived analytically
      are accurate for low frequencies over a wide range of bubble radii but, for high
      frequencies, only near the fundamental resonance radius; and (4) thresholds are
      quite sensitive to dissolved gas concentration at low frequencies.

PMID- 3411018
TI  - A diffusion model of the transient response of the cochlear inner hair cell
      synapse.
AB  - One class of models of hair cell synaptic function that has been investigated in
      recent years consists of one or more reservoirs of synaptic material connected to
      other reservoirs and/or the synaptic cleft by means of diffusion paths. One such
      general model is considered here, comprising two reservoirs and a global source
      of synaptic material connected in series and releasing material into the synaptic
      cleft by a diffusion path characterized by an intensity-dependent permeability.
      The explicit form of the solution of the model for a sudden onset of stimulation
      is derived: The solution comprises two exponentially decaying terms plus a
      constant. This solution is shown to have a unique inverse. This allows the
      determination of the parameters of the model directly from experimental data from
      auditory-nerve fibers in the Mongolian gerbil. The behavior of the derived model
      parameters with variation of stimulus intensity is demonstrated, and implications
      for synaptic function are discussed.

PMID- 3411019
TI  - Noise power fluctuations and the masking of sine signals.
AB  - This article is concerned with fluctuations in noise power and with the role that
      such fluctuations play in the masking of sine signals by noise. Several measures
      of noise fluctuations are discussed: the fourth moment of the waveform, the
      fourth moment of the envelope, and the crest factor. Relationships among these
      quantities are found for cases of equal-amplitude random-phase noise and Rayleigh
      distributed-amplitude noise. Of particular interest is a special non-Gaussian
      noise called low-noise noise in which the fluctuations are small by any of our
      measures. The results of frozen-noise masking experiments are reported, where the
      noise waveform was fixed for all stimulus presentations. In separate experiments,
      equal-amplitude random-phase Gaussian noise, with typical fluctuations, and low
      noise noise, with almost no fluctuations were used. The data show that for a
      noise bandwidth less than the critical bandwidth, the masked threshold is about 5
      dB lower for low-noise noise than for Gaussian noise. When the noise bandwidth is
      larger than the critical bandwidth, the masked threshold is the same for both
      kinds of noise. It is concluded that noise power fluctuations increase masked
      threshold by about 5 dB and that filtering by the auditory system reintroduces
      fluctuations into broadband low-noise noise.

PMID- 3411021
TI  - Resonance-frequency discrimination.
AB  - Measurements of the just-noticeable change in resonance frequency delta Fr of a
      second-order filter are reported. The source signal was either periodic, with or
      without a smooth change in fundamental frequency, or it was random white noise.
      These differences in the nature of the source had little effect on delta Fr. Over
      the investigated ranges of reference resonance frequency (Fr = 300 to 2000 Hz)
      and filter selectivity (Q = 1 to 36), the results are well summarized by delta Fr
      = 0.079 Fr/square root Q. The data were used to evaluate filter-bank models
      employing different filter shapes and performance-prediction schemes. A good fit
      to the resonance-discrimination data was obtained with filters derived in a
      masking study by Patterson [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 55, 802-809 (1974)] and with
      performance based on use of the maximum level difference over all bands. The
      latter finding indicates that listeners may not make optimal use of small level
      differences distributed over multiple bands.

PMID- 3411020
TI  - Failure to obtain comodulation masking release with frequency-modulated maskers.
AB  - These experiments were intended to determine whether comodulation masking release
      (CMR) occurs for maskers that are modulated in frequency rather than in
      amplitude. In experiment I, thresholds for a sinusoidal signal were measured in
      the presence of two continuous sinusoidal maskers: one was centered at the signal
      frequency (1.0 kHz), and the other was positioned at flanking frequencies ranging
      from 0.5 to 2.0 kHz. The two maskers were frequency modulated (FM) by the same
      low-pass-noise modulator (correlated condition) or by independent noise
      modulators (uncorrelated condition). Thresholds were the same for the correlated
      and uncorrelated maskers, i.e., no CMR occurred. This was also true when the
      flanking band was presented in the ear opposite to that containing the signal and
      the on-frequency masking band. In experiment II, 25-Hz-wide noise maskers were
      used. The on-frequency band was sinusoidally frequency modulated, while the off
      frequency band either had the same FM or no FM. Thresholds were similar for the
      two conditions, again indicating that no CMR occurred. The results suggest that,
      unlike amplitude modulation, correlated FM of the masker in different frequency
      bands does not give rise to a release from masking.

PMID- 3411022
TI  - The contribution of the near and far ear toward localization of sound in the
      sagittal plane.
AB  - Eight listeners were required to locate a train of 4.5-kHz high-pass noise bursts
      emanating from loudspeakers positioned +/- 30, +/- 20, +/- 10, and 0 deg re:
      interaural axis. The vertical array of loudspeakers was placed at 45, 90, and 135
      deg left of midline. The various experimental conditions incorporated binaural
      and monaural listening with the latter utilizing the ear nearest or ear farthest
      from the sound source. While performance excelled when listening with only the
      near ear, the contribution of the far ear was statistically significant when
      compared to localization performance when both ears were occluded. Based on head
      related transfer functions for stimuli whose bandwidth was 1.0 kHz, four spectral
      cues were selected as candidates for influencing location judgments. Two of them
      associated relative changes in energy across center frequencies (CFs) with
      vertical source positions. The other two associated an absolute minimum (maximum)
      energy for specific CFs with a vertical source position. All but one cue when
      measured for the near ear could account for localization proficiency. On the
      other hand, when listening with the far ear, maximum energy at a specific CF
      outperformed the remaining cues in accounting for localization proficiency.

PMID- 3411023
TI  - Excess masking among listeners with a sensorineural hearing loss.
AB  - Three experiments were conducted to determine whether listeners with a
      sensorineural hearing loss exhibited greater than normal amounts of masking at
      frequencies above the frequency of the masker. Excess masking was defined as the
      difference (in dB) between the masked thresholds actually obtained from a hearing
      impaired listener and the expected thresholds calculated for the same individual.
      The expected thresholds were the power sum of the listener's thresholds in quiet
      and the average masked thresholds obtained from a group of normal-hearing
      subjects at the test frequency. Hearing-impaired listeners, with thresholds in
      quiet ranging from approximately 35-70 dB SPL (at test frequencies between 500
      3000 Hz), displayed approximately 12-15 dB of maximum excess masking. The maximum
      amount of excess masking occurred in the region where the threshold in quiet of
      the hearing-impaired listener and the average normal masked threshold were equal.
      These findings indicate that listeners with a sensorineural hearing loss display
      one form of reduced frequency selectivity (i.e., abnormal upward spread of
      masking) even when their thresholds in quiet are taken into account.

PMID- 3411025
TI  - Evidence for different types of mechanoreceptors from measurements of the
      psychophysical threshold for vibrations under different stimulation conditions.
AB  - The shape of the psychophysical frequency threshold curve for vibrations
      presented to the skin in the frequency region 5-1000 Hz is strongly dependent on
      the static force that the vibrator exerts on the skin and on whether there is a
      rigid surround around the vibrating contactor (presence of contrast). Where there
      is no rigid surround, an increase in static force reduces the threshold in the
      high-frequency region and increases it at low frequencies. When the static forces
      are sufficiently large, the thresholds reach a minimum value above 30 Hz and a
      maximum one below 30 Hz, this being the crossover frequency. Under these
      conditions in the frequency region around 200 Hz, where the threshold is
      determined by the Pacini receptor system, the vibration sensitivities of finger
      pad and thenar eminence (glabrous skin) are equal, while the value for the inner
      side of the forearm (hairy skin) is 12 dB higher. However, when a rigid surround
      is used, the threshold increases above 30 Hz and decreases below 30 Hz. The
      latter increase in sensitivity, which is introduced by the presence of contrast
      cues, amounts to about 20 dB and is sharply tuned at 18 Hz for the glabrous skin
      of the finger. It is argued that in this case the threshold is determined by the
      Meissner receptor system. This increase in sensitivity is less pronounced (about
      10 dB) and less sharply tuned for the other sites. Finally, when the contact of
      the vibrating surface to the skin is at a minimum, the vibration threshold has
      the same displacement value (about 3 microns) over the whole frequency region
      independent of the site of stimulation and whether or not a rigid surround is
      present.

PMID- 3411026
TI  - Spectrum factors relevant to phonetogram measurement.
AB  - Phonetograms showing the sound-pressure level (SPL) in loudest and softest
      possible phonation are frequently used in some voice clinics as an aid for
      describing the status of voice function. Spectrum analysis of the vowel /a/
      produced by ten females and ten males with healthy, untrained voices revealed
      that the fundamental was mostly the strongest spectrum partial in soft phonation
      while the loudest partial in loud phonation was generally an overtone. Also, the
      first-formant frequency was generally lower in soft than in loud phonation.
      Measuring SPL in dB(A) rather than in dB lowered the phonetogram contour for soft
      phonation, an effect increasing with decreasing fundamental frequency. SPL
      measurements on a group of 22 females with healthy voices showed that the vowel
      /a/ gave higher SPL values than other vowels in loud phonation. The effect of
      using dB rather the dB(A) was great but similar for all vowels in soft phonation
      while, in loud phonation, the effect was small, particularly for /a/. In dB, the
      effect of using different vowels amounts to about +/- 5 dB, approximately.
      Interpretation of a phonetogram in terms of voice physiology is facilitated if
      SPL is given in dB and if a vowel with a high first-formant frequency is used.

PMID- 3411027
TI  - Frequency importance functions for a feature recognition test material.
AB  - The relative importance of different parts of the auditory spectrum to
      recognition of the Diagnostic Rhyme Test (DRT) and its six speech feature
      subtests was determined. Three normal hearing subjects were tested twice in each
      of 70 experimental conditions. The analytical procedures of French and Steinberg
      [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 19, 90-119 (1947)] were applied to the data to derive
      frequency importance functions for each of the DRT subtests and the test as a
      whole over the frequency range 178-8912 Hz. For the DRT as a whole, the low
      frequencies were found to be more important than is the case for nonsense
      syllables. Importance functions for the feature subtests also differed from those
      for nonsense syllables and from each other as well. These results suggest that
      test materials loaded with different proportions of particular phonemes have
      different frequency importance functions. Comparison of the results with those
      from other studies suggests that importance functions depend to a degree on the
      available response options as well.

PMID- 3411024
TI  - The negative effect of amplitude compression in multichannel hearing aids in the
      light of the modulation-transfer function.
AB  - The article deals with the question of why multichannel amplitude compression
      appears to have a negative rather than a positive effect on speech
      intelligibility by hearing-impaired listeners. It is argued that the small time
      constants of amplitude compression diminish the temporal as well as the spectral
      contrasts in the speech signal. According to the modulation-transfer function
      concept, this results in reduced intelligibility scores. Experimental evidence is
      reviewed indicating that the following two arguments in favor of amplitude
      compression in case of sensorineural hearing loss are not valid: (1) to
      compensate for the effects of loudness recruitment and (2) to get weak consonants
      above threshold. The author concludes that, in multichannel hearing aids,
      automatic gain control with time constants of 0.25-0.5 s should be given
      preference to amplitude compression.

PMID- 3411028
TI  - Subjective acceptability of various regular twelve-tone tuning systems in two
      part musical fragments.
AB  - Musically trained subjects rated the overall acceptability of the performance of
      two-part musical fragments. With the help of a computer these fragments were
      produced with intonations according to various regular 12-tone tuning systems:
      Pythagorean tuning (tempering T of the fifths equal to 0.0 cent), equal
      temperament (T = -2.0 cents), Silbermann (T = -3.9 cents), mean-tone (T = -5.4
      cents), and Salinas tuning (T = -7.2 cents). In experiment 1, two systems in
      which T = 2.0 or T = -10.0 cents were also included. In both the lower and the
      higher parts of the fragments we used complex tones with a spectral-envelope
      slope of -6 dB/oct. Mean acceptability ratings were about the same for -5.4 less
      than or equal to T less than or equal to 0.0 cent, whereas for T greater than 0.0
      and T less than -5.4 cents the ratings strongly decreased. This effect of tuning
      system was also found when acceptability was determined by means of the method of
      paired comparisons. The specific effect of tuning system was not affected by the
      tempo of the fragments. The perception of beats in the harmonic intervals was
      manipulated in experiment 2 by varying the spectral content of the tones. The
      condition in which the interference of the nearly coinciding harmonics was
      canceled resulted in higher acceptability. The effect of tuning system was the
      same as in experiment 1. In both experiments overall acceptability could be
      accurately predicted from a linear combination of the purity ratings of the
      isolated harmonic fifths and major thirds. It is not precluded, however, that for
      T greater than 0.0 and T less than -5.4 cents, the subjects based their
      acceptability ratings partly on the subjective purity of the melodic intervals.

PMID- 3411029
TI  - Low-frequency ultrasound absorption in aqueous solutions of hemoglobin,
      myoglobin, and bovine serum albumin: the role of structure and pH.
AB  - New measurements on ultrasound absorption of aqueous solutions of the three
      globular proteins, bovine hemoglobin, horse heart myoglobin, and bovine serum
      albumin, at 20 degrees C are reported for the frequency range below 1.2 MHz and,
      in the case of hemoglobin and bovine serum albumin, to a limited extent for the
      range 2-30 MHz. The effect of protein conformation has been investigated by use
      of a range of denaturants and by change of pH. A much more detailed description
      of protein interactions emerges from the low-frequency studies than was possible
      hitherto. Specific absorption processes for myoglobin and bovine serum albumin
      peak in the neighborhood of pH 4.2. The process for myoglobin has a relaxation
      frequency between 1 and 2.6 MHz, while for bovine serum albumin the frequency is
      as low as 70 kHz. Both processes can be related to conformational changes in the
      molecules. In the case of hemoglobin, an absorption process with a relaxation
      frequency of 600 kHz is found that can be attributed to the dissociation
      equilibrium of the quaternary structure of the molecule and can be considerably
      enhanced by denaturants or pH change from neutral to acid conditions.
      Measurements at frequencies down to 200 kHz have also permitted a more thorough
      investigation of proton-transfer reactions at carboxyl and amino groups in these
      proteins and of the effect of pH on these reactions.

PMID- 3411030
TI  - High-frequency attenuation measurements using an acoustic microscope.
AB  - An acoustic microscope was used to measure excess attenuation of aqueous
      solutions of sugars and proteins at 1.0 GHz. Interference pattern spacing and
      peak amplitude reduction of V(z) curves, obtained with these solutions as the
      acoustic microscope coupling liquid, were related to the solution wavespeed and
      attenuation, respectively. Consistent with published results for lower
      frequencies, solutions with molecular weight greater than 10,000 had a higher
      specific absorption than those with a molecular weight less than 1000 and within
      these two molecular weight ranges specific absorption was independent of
      concentration.

PMID- 3411031
TI  - Biomolecular absorption of ultrasound. III. Solvent interactions.
AB  - Absorption coefficients for several biomolecules have been measured to determine
      the role of solvent interactions in the absorption characteristics of
      biomolecules at neutral pH. The presence of phosphate buffer ions in aqueous
      solvent dramatically increases the absorption of small biomolecules (sugars and
      amino acids). These increases suggest the importance of solvent interactions in
      absorption. For large molecules (proteins and polysaccharides), buffer ion
      effects are lessened and the role of solvent interactions is not as clear.
      Absorptions of hemoglobin are essentially the same in each of five aqueous
      solvents and are greater in nonaqueous solvents. Solvation interactions may be
      inhibited by the tertiary structure of globular proteins. Solvation apparently
      does contribute to absorption in biomolecules along with other physicochemical
      processes.

PMID- 3411032
TI  - Specific acoustic impedances of piezoelectric ceramic and polymer composites used
      in medical applications.
AB  - The specific acoustic impedance of the piezoelectric composites over the
      frequency range of 0.5-7.5 MHz was measured using the reflection, the echo-shift,
      and the resonance techniques. There was a significant difference between the
      values obtained by the reflection technique in comparison with the other two
      techniques. It is argued that the difference is inherent in the measurement
      techniques and they measure different properties of the composite such as
      acoustic impedance and reflectivity. The specific acoustic impedance and the
      reflectivity were found to be a function of the volume fraction of the ceramic
      and not a function of frequency.

PMID- 3411033
TI  - Experimental determination of cascade parameters of a hearing-aid microphone via
      the two-load method.
AB  - Presented in this article is a computer-aided experimental method for obtaining
      the cascade parameters of the two-port model of a miniature hearing-aid
      microphone. The method is an adaptation of the "two-load" method [D.P. Egolf and
      R.G. Leonard, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 62, 1013-1023 (1977)] to acoustoelectric,
      rather than electroacoustic, transducers. The cascade parameters of a particular
      microphone, determined by this method, were within 2.5 dB of the manufacturer's
      published open-circuit sensitivity data. In an attempt to further verify the
      numerical cascade-parameter data, a two-port model of the microphone was used to
      simulate experimental voltages developed across two different complex electrical
      load impedances attached to the microphone. The results showed
      experimental/simulation differences of no greater than 3.0 dB at any frequency.
      The two-port microphone model and associated cascade parameters are currently
      being incorporated into a computer-based plan for mathematical simulation of an
      entire in situ hearing aid.

PMID- 3411034
TI  - Is the structure of bat echolocation calls an adaptation to the mammalian hearing
      system?
AB  - A common feature of most bat echolocation calls is their hyperbolalike frequency
      modulation. It is proposed that these calls evolved as an adaptation to the
      filters in the peripheral hearing system. From an analysis of 420 echolocation
      sounds of Eptesicus fuscus, the bandwidths of filters giving a minimal error of
      time-delay estimation are predicted; these could be compared to
      neurophysiological findings.

PMID- 3411035
TI  - Frequency specific susceptibility to acoustic trauma in the budgerigar
      (Melopsittacus undulatus).
AB  - The effects of intense noise exposure on hearing in the budgerigar were examined
      by behavioral audiometry. After binaural exposure to an intense broadband noise,
      auditory threshold shifts (TS) of the birds were continuously measured at
      frequencies between 0.125 and 8 kHz using an avoidance conditioning technique.
      Temporary threshold shifts (TTS) were observed at frequencies higher than 1.5 kHz
      and considerable permanent threshold shifts (PTS) were observed at frequencies
      below 1 kHz. This pattern of threshold shifts is contrary to that observed in
      mammals.

PMID- 3411036
TI  - Two-mass model of the vocal folds: negative differential resistance oscillation.
AB  - The vocal folds and glottis are analyzed as a single system rather than as two
      separate but interacting systems, i.e., an aerodynamic one (the glottis) and a
      mechanical one (the vocal folds). Simplified steady flow calculations based on
      the two-mass model, and similar to those of Ishizaka and Matsudaira [SCRL
      Monograph No. 8, Santa Barbara, CA (1972)], are made except that flexible walls
      are assumed for both dc and ac flows. A negative differential resistance is found
      for steady flow when the coupling spring is weak compared to that of the lower
      mass. Dynamic transverse motion of the masses is represented by two transverse
      series resonant circuits in parallel within the glottis. The vocal tract is
      represented by a lumped resistance and inertance in series. Sustained, self
      excited, small-amplitude oscillations can be obtained when the magnitude of the
      negative differential resistance is equal to the real part of the impedance of
      the rest of the circuit. The oscillation frequency depends only on the elasticity
      and mass of the vocal folds. The present analysis differs from Ishizaka and
      Matsudaira's analysis because their oscillation frequency decreases as dc volume
      velocity increases.

PMID- 3411037
TI  - A technique for simulating the amplifier-to-eardrum transfer function of an in
      situ hearing aid.
AB  - There are numerous articles wherein mathematical models of various parts of an in
      situ hearing aid have been reported. Such parts include, for example, the
      microphone, receiver, cylindrical tubes carrying sound to the eardrum and out
      through the earmold vent, and the external path from the vent back to the
      microphone. This article extends these earlier works to include the hearing-aid
      amplifier. In particular, a mathematical technique for characterizing the
      amplifier in combination with the receiver is reported. Cascade parameters of a
      two-port model of one particular amplifier/receiver combination are obtained by
      this method. The cascade-parameter data and the method of obtaining this data are
      verified by two different experimental procedures. One procedure involves both
      computing and measuring the input driving-point impedance of the
      amplifier/receiver combination. In the second procedure, the amplifier-to-eardrum
      transfer function of a hearing aid incorporating this same amplifier/receiver
      combination and mounted on an artificial ear is both computed and measured.
      Experimental and computed values of this transfer function for three different
      earmold geometries are in reasonably close agreement. The amplifier/receiver
      model reported herein will be used in future studies of acoustic feedback in
      hearing aids.

PMID- 3411038
TI  - Mathematical treatment of context effects in phoneme and word recognition.
AB  - Percent recognition of phonemes and whole syllables, measured in both consonant
      vowel-consonant (CVC) words and CVC nonsense syllables, is reported for normal
      young adults listening at four signal-to-noise (S/N) ratios. Similar data are
      reported for the recognition of words and whole sentences in three types of
      sentence: high predictability (HP) sentences, with both semantic and syntactic
      constraints; low predictability (LP) sentences, with primarily syntactic
      constraints; and zero predictability (ZP) sentences, with neither semantic nor
      syntactic constraints. The probability of recognition of speech units in context
      (pc) is shown to be related to the probability of recognition without context
      (pi) by the equation pc = 1 - (1-pi)k, where k is a constant. The factor k is
      interpreted as the amount by which the channels of statistically independent
      information are effectively multiplied when contextual constraints are added.
      Empirical values of k are approximately 1.3 and 2.7 for word and sentence
      context, respectively. In a second analysis, the probability of recognition of
      wholes (pw) is shown to be related to the probability of recognition of the
      constituent parts (pp) by the equation pw = pjp, where j represents the effective
      number of statistically independent parts within a whole. The empirically
      determined mean values of j for nonsense materials are not significantly
      different from the number of parts in a whole, as predicted by the underlying
      theory. In CVC words, the value of j is constant at approximately 2.5. In the
      four-word HP sentences, it falls from approximately 2.5 to approximately 1.6 as
      the inherent recognition probability for words falls from 100% to 0%,
      demonstrating an increasing tendency to perceive HP sentences either as wholes,
      or not at all, as S/N ratio deteriorates.

PMID- 3411039
TI  - Statistical analysis of word-initial voiceless obstruents: preliminary data.
AB  - A statistical procedure for classifying word-initial voiceless obstruents is
      described. The data set to which the analysis was applied consisted of
      monosyllabic words starting with a voiceless obstruent. Each word was repeated
      six times in the carrier phrase "I can say again" by each of ten speakers. Fast
      Fourier transforms (FFTs), using a 20-ms Hamming window, were calculated every 10
      ms from the onset of the obstruent through the third cycle of the following
      vowel. Each FFT was treated as a random probability distribution from which the
      first four moments (mean, variance, skewness, and kurtosis) were computed.
      Moments were calculated from linear and Bark transformed spectra. Data were
      pooled across vowel contexts for speakers of a given gender and input to a
      discriminant analysis. Using the moments calculated from the linear spectra, 92%
      of the voiceless stops were classified correctly when dynamic aspects of the stop
      were included. Even more important, the model constructed from the males' data
      correctly classified about 94% of the voiceless stops produced by the female
      speakers. Classification of the voiceless fricatives when all places of
      articulation were included in the analysis did not exceed 80% correct when the
      moments from either the linear or Bark transformed scales were used. However,
      classification of only the voiceless sibilants was 98% correct when the moments
      from the Bark transformed spectra were used. As with the stops, the
      classification model held across gender.

PMID- 3411040
TI  - Analysis of tongue positions: language-specific and cross-linguistic models.
AB  - A factor-analytic model, PARAFAC, has been shown to yield highly significant and
      interpretable results when applied to the analysis of tongue shapes in particular
      languages. However, the forms of the solutions differ from language to language.
      A conceptual model that provides an account for cross-language variability in
      terms of coordinative structures that may vary in a language-specific manner is
      developed. This model rationalizes both the success of the PARAFAC procedure
      within languages and the poor cross-language replicability of PARAFAC solutions.
      We consider methods for quantitatively comparing the results of PARAFAC analyses
      of data from different languages using data from Icelandic and English as a test
      case. A cross-language factor solution that accounts for 90% of the variance in
      tongue position measurements is presented and interpreted in terms of the
      conceptual model.

PMID- 3411041
TI  - Evidence for sensory-trace comparisons in spectral shape discrimination.
AB  - The ability of experienced observers to discriminate changes in the shapes of
      complex sound spectra was studied for three conditions. In one condition, the
      reference spectrum or "background" was fixed in spectral shape across each block
      of trials; in a second condition, the reference spectrum differed in spectral
      shape from trial to trial within each block of trials but was the same for the
      two presentations within a trial; and, in a third condition, the reference
      spectrum differed in spectral shape on every stimulus presentation. The variation
      in the reference spectrum was a random perturbation in the amplitudes of the
      tonal components comprising the complex sounds. The signal was an intensity
      increment to the center component (1000 Hz) of the complex and was present in one
      interval of each two-interval, two-alternative, forced-choice trial. The
      principal experimental manipulations were the degree of amplitude perturbation of
      the reference spectrum and the interval of time between the two stimulus
      presentations of each trial (interstimulus interval, ISI). The theory proposed by
      Durlach and Braida [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 46, 372-383 (1969)] describing memory
      processes involved in the perception of sound intensity was used to explain the
      experimental results. As that theory was applied in this study, only the
      condition in which the stimuli were perturbed between trials showed evidence for
      comparisons based on "sensory traces," while the conditions in which the stimuli
      were fixed or were perturbed within trials were best explained by comparisons
      based on judgments relative to the stimulus context.

PMID- 3411042
TI  - The relation between loudness and intensity difference limens for tones in quiet
      and noise backgrounds.
AB  - Recent studies of the relation between loudness and intensity difference limens
      (DLs) suggest that, if two tones of the same frequency are equally loud, they
      will have equal relative DLs [R. S. Schlauch and C.C. Wier, J. Speech Hear. Res.
      30, 13-20 (1987); J.J. Zwislocki and H.N. Jordan, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 79, 772-780
      (1986)]. To test this hypothesis, loudness matches and intensity DLs for a 1000
      Hz pure tone in quiet and in a 40-dB SPL spectrum level broadband noise were
      obtained for four subjects with normal hearing. The DLs were obtained in both
      gated- and continuous-pedestal conditions. Contrary to previous reports, equally
      loud tones do not yield equal relative DLs at several midintensities in the gated
      condition and at many intensities in the continuous condition. While the equal
      loudness, equal-relative-DL hypothesis is not supported by the data, the relation
      between loudness and intensity discrimination appears to be well described by a
      model reported by Houtsma et al. [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 68, 807-813 (1980)].

PMID- 3411043
TI  - Lateralization of complex binaural stimuli: a weighted-image model.
AB  - This article describes a new model that predicts the subjective lateral position
      of bandpass stimuli. It is assumed, as in other models, that stimuli are bandpass
      filtered and rectified, and that the rectified outputs of filters with matching
      center frequencies undergo interaural cross correlation. The model specifies and
      utilizes the shape and location of assumed patterns of neural activity that
      describe the cross-correlation function. Individual modes of this function
      receive greater weighting if they are straighter (describing consistent
      interaural delay over frequency) and/or more central (describing interaural
      delays of smaller magnitude). This weighting of straightness and centrality is
      used by the model to predict the perceived laterality of several types of low
      frequency bandpass stimuli with interaural time delays and/or phase shifts,
      including bandpass noise, amplitude-modulated stimuli with time-delayed
      envelopes, and bandpass-filtered clicks. This model is compared to other theories
      that describe lateralization in terms of the relative contributions of
      information in the envelopes and fine structures of binaural stimuli.

PMID- 3411044
TI  - Detection, loudness, and discrimination of five-component tonal complexes
      differing in crest factor.
AB  - The detection, loudness, and discrimination performances of subjects with normal
      hearing were assessed using 3 five-component tonal complexes (1020-1100 Hz) with
      crest factors of 1.8, 2.6, and 3.2. The 3 five-component tonal complexes were:
      (1) equally detectable in broadband noise when presented at equal rms amplitude;
      (2) perceived as equally loud when presented at essentially equal rms amplitude;
      and (3) discriminable from one another when presented at equal loudness. The
      present data indicate that listeners can make discriminations on the basis of
      amplitude variations.

PMID- 3411045
TI  - Intensity discrimination, increment detection, and magnitude estimation for 1-kHz
      tones.
AB  - Intensity difference limens (DLs) were measured over a wide intensity range for
      200-ms, 1-kHz gated tones and for 200-ms increments in continuous 1-kHz tones.
      Magnitude estimates also were obtained for the gated tones over a comparable
      intensity range. The discrimination data are in general agreement with those from
      earlier studies but they extend them by showing: (1) good discrimination for
      gated tones over at least a 115-dB dynamic range; (2) a slight increase in the
      relative DL (delta I/I) as intensity increases above 95 dB SPL; (3) smaller DLs
      for increments than for gated tones, with the difference approximately
      independent of intensity; (4) negligible "negative masking" when thresholds are
      expressed as intensity differences (delta I). For two of the three subjects,
      magnitude estimates do not conform to a single-exponent power law for
      suprathreshold intensities. Over the middle range of intensities where a single
      exponent is appropriate, the value of the exponent is less than 0.1 for all
      subjects.

PMID- 3411046
TI  - Sensory threshold estimation from a continuously graded response produced by
      reflex modification audiometry.
AB  - This article describes the use of reflex modification to determine sensory
      detection thresholds. The method is based upon the finding that low-intensity
      sensory stimuli presented shortly before a reflex eliciting stimulus are able to
      modify the amplitude of the reflex. The extent of such modification is related to
      the intensity of the initial low-intensity stimulus. In contrast to earlier
      reported procedures for threshold estimation, the method described in this
      article consists of fitting a smooth function to the relationship between startle
      response amplitude and the intensity of the inhibiting stimulus. The method
      entails fitting a cubic spline function to the medians of the square-root reflex
      amplitude at each prestimulus intensity. The resulting audiometric curves closely
      approximate audiometric data obtained from traditional operant methods both in
      sensitivity and shape. Parametric data are also presented that allow for
      optimizing stimulus presentation so as to obtain reliable thresholds using a
      minimal number of test trials. The procedures developed in this article may prove
      useful in other situations involving the estimation of a threshold effect from a
      continuously graded response.

PMID- 3411047
TI  - The acquisition of vowel discriminations by nonhuman primates.
AB  - Three adult male baboons were trained on a psychophysical procedure to
      discriminate five synthetic, steady-state vowel sounds [a), (ae), (c), (U), and
      (epsilon] from one another. A pulsed train of one vowel comprised the reference
      stimulus during a session. Animals were trained to press a lever and release the
      lever only when this reference vowel sound changed to one of the comparison
      vowels. All animals learned the vowel discriminations rapidly and, once learned,
      performed the discriminations at the 95%-100% correct level. During the initial
      acquisition of the discriminations, however, percent correct detections were
      higher for those vowels with greater spectral differences from the reference
      vowel. For some cases, the detection scores correlated closely with differences
      between first formant peaks, while for others the detection scores correlated
      more closely with differences between second formant peaks. Once the
      discriminations were acquired, no discriminability differences were apparent
      among the different vowels. Underlying discriminability differences were still
      present, however, and could be revealed by giving a minor tranquilizer (diazepam)
      that lowered discrimination performances. These drug-induced decrements in vowel
      discriminability were also correlated with spectral differences, with lower vowel
      discriminability scores found for those vowels with smaller spectral differences
      from the reference vowel.

PMID- 3411048
TI  - Temporal integration in normal hearing, cochlear impairment, and impairment
      simulated by masking.
AB  - To assess temporal integration in normal hearing, cochlear impairment, and
      impairment simulated by masking, absolute thresholds for tones were measured as a
      function of duration. Durations ranged from 500 ms down to 15 ms at 0.25 kHz, 8
      ms at 1 kHz, and 2 ms at 4 and 14 kHz. An adaptive 2I, 2AFC procedure with
      feedback was used. On each trial, two 500-ms observation intervals, marked by
      lights, were presented with an interstimulus interval of 250 ms. The monaural
      signal was presented in the temporal center of one observation interval. The
      results for five normal and six impaired listeners show: (1) normal listeners'
      thresholds decrease by about 8 to 10 dB per decade of duration, as expected; (2)
      listeners with cochlear impairments generally show less temporal integration than
      normal listeners; and (3) listeners with impairments simulated using masking
      noise generally show the same amount of temporal integration as normal listeners
      tested in the quiet. The difference between real and simulated impairments
      indicates that the reduced temporal integration observed in impaired listeners
      probably is not due to splatter of energy to frequency regions where thresholds
      are low, but reflects reduced temporal integration per se.

PMID- 3411049
TI  - Rate coding model for discrimination of simple tones in the presence of noise.
AB  - The predictions of a rate coding model for frequency and amplitude jnd's in the
      presence of noise are presented for a 1-kHz, 100-ms tone. The model for the
      neural response incorporates physiological data on dynamic range distribution and
      rate suppression. A central processor is assumed to estimate the tone frequency,
      or amplitude, from the tone-evoked rate increment profile. This central processor
      acts like an ideal detector with respect to the neural noise. The effects of the
      neural noise as well as the signal variability on the discrimination performance
      level are evaluated, and the signal variability is found to be significant. The
      combined effect of threshold distribution, rate suppression, and signal
      variability make the jnd's practically invariant with noise level, in accordance
      with published psychophysical data. The values of the frequency jnd at high
      signal-to-noise ratio, however, are borderline in their consistency with the
      data. A more obvious discrepancy exists between the model and the psychophysical
      data regarding the ratio of frequency to amplitude Weber fractions, which can be
      resolved only by modifying the model auditory filters to be five times sharper
      than those measured in cats.

PMID- 3411050
TI  - Ear canal acoustic distortion at 2f1-f2 from human ears: relation to other
      emissions and perceived combination tones.
AB  - Two aspects of the intermodulation distortion product at 2f1-f2 generated by
      normal human ears and measured acoustically in the ear canal were studied: (1)
      its relation to tone-evoked and spontaneous otoacoustic emissions, and (2) its
      relation to the perceived combination tone at the same frequency. With regard to
      (1), substantial differences among ears in the detectability of emissions were
      observed; ears tended to exhibit all or none of the emission types that were
      sought. Within ears possessing emissions, the magnitudes of tone-evoked emissions
      and acoustic distortion showed a similar dependence on frequency. With regard to
      (2), a three-primary-tone stimulus was employed to ask whether the ear canal
      acoustic distortion tone is canceled under the same stimulus conditions that
      produce perceptual cancellation. Simultaneous cancellation of perceptual and
      acoustic distortion was produced rarely. Results are interpreted qualitatively
      with a model in which primary tones produce distortion at their interaction
      region within the cochlea; this distortion propagates to the distortion-frequency
      place where it mediates perception. This same distortion wave produces emission
      components at additional locations, including the primary-tone interaction
      region, which sum vectorially to mediate the emitted acoustic distortion product.

PMID- 3411051
TI  - A cochlear model for acoustic emissions.
AB  - Variability in cochlear emission properties among different species, particularly
      humans and small mammals, and within individuals in the same species, is modeled
      by a cochlear nonlinear transmission line. The difference between humans and
      animals is largely explained by a lower cochlear input impedance in human ears
      than in cats, gerbils, or chinchillas. Inconstancy in emission properties among
      individual human or animal subjects is related to structural variability among
      ears, which can be the result of a nonuniform connection between the outer hair
      cells cilia and the tectorial membrane. These structural differences are modeled
      by a nonuniform cochlear partition resistance along the cochlear length. The
      model predicts that an ear which has a uniform cochlear partition resistance and
      an adequate cochlear input impedance will emit acoustic distortion products
      (ADP), but not spontaneous acoustic emission (SAE), nor click-evoked emission
      (CE). Only a nonuniform cochlea emits SAE and CE in addition to enhanced ADPs.
      The model predictions agree quantitatively with cochlear emission data from
      humans and animals.

PMID- 3411053
TI  - Compensation for receiver bandpass effects on ultrasonic backscatter power
      spectra using a random medium reference.
AB  - A linear model of an ultrasonic pulse-echo system is used to express the measured
      power spectrum as the product of a scattering medium power spectrum and a
      transfer function accounting for system effects. Transfer functions are
      experimentally determined for multiple ranges using a random medium reference.
      Measured power spectra normalized by these functions are shown to be in close
      agreement with theoretical power spectra both in shape and absolute magnitude.
      The results indicate that the model allows scattering media to be distinguished
      when the media backscatter characteristics differ in the bandwidth of the
      measurement system.

PMID- 3411052
TI  - Partial dissociation of spontaneous otoacoustic emissions and distortion products
      during aspirin use in humans.
AB  - Otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) of two types--spontaneous and evoked distortion
      products--were studied before, during, and following a period of aspirin use. As
      previously reported, aspirin consumption uniformly reduced the spontaneous OAEs
      (SOAEs) to unmeasurable or extremely low levels. Aspirin consumption also reduced
      the amplitude of the evoked distortion products (EDPs) but did not eliminate them
      entirely. The amplitude of the EDP and its change with aspirin consumption were
      related to both the proximity of the EDP to the frequency of the SOAE and to the
      level of the primaries producing the EDP. At low primary levels, even with the
      SOAE absent (due to aspirin consumption, or suppression), EDPs near the SOAE
      frequency were 10-20 dB higher than when they were 100 Hz away from the SOAE
      frequency.

PMID- 3411054
TI  - Reference threshold sound-pressure levels for the TDH-50 and ER-3A earphones.
AB  - Reference threshold sound-pressure levels were established for a new insert
      earphone, the ER-3A tubephone, and for the TDH-50 earphone. In test-retest
      comparisons, the tubephone produced estimates of auditory threshold as reliable
      as the thresholds produced by the supraaural earphone. Reference thresholds were
      developed for the two earphones from data contributed by three laboratories.
      While the TDH-50 data are in good agreement with the provisional ANSI 6-cc
      coupler reference levels (ASHA, 1982), the ER-3A data are at variance with the
      manufacturer's provisional recommendation for 2-cc coupler reference thresholds
      for frequencies below 1 kHz. The differences are attributed to physiologic noise
      that masked the lower frequency thresholds.

PMID- 3411055
TI  - Ultrasonic backscatter from flowing whole blood. I: Dependence on shear rate and
      hematocrit.
AB  - Previous results show that ultrasonic backscatter from red blood cells (RBCs)
      suspended in saline is a function of hematocrit and frequency and that it can be
      affected by flow disturbance. The experimental data agree well with the theories.
      In the present article, results on ultrasonic backscatter from flowing whole
      blood are reported. Studies have been conducted on porcine, bovine, and human
      blood. Ultrasonic backscatter of flowing whole blood differs from that of RBC
      suspensions in that it is shear-rate dependent, which means that it is a function
      of spatial position of the blood in the flow conduit. Moreover, the results
      indicate that it is also species dependent. This behavior can be readily
      understood when red cell aggregation is considered.

PMID- 3411056
TI  - Factors affecting degree of perceived foreign accent in English sentences.
AB  - This study used interval scaling to assess degree of perceived foreign accent in
      English sentences spoken by native and non-native talkers. Native English
      listeners gave significantly higher (i.e., more authentic) pronunciation scores
      to native speakers of English than to Chinese adults who began learning English
      at an average age of 7.6 years. The results for the "child learners" suggest that
      a sensitive period for speech learning is reached long before the age of 12
      years, as commonly supposed. Adults who had lived in the U.S. for 5 years did not
      receive higher scores than those who had lived there for only 1 year, suggesting
      that amount of unaided second-language (L2) experience does not affect adults' L2
      pronunciation beyond an initial rapid stage of learning. Native speakers of
      Chinese who rated the sentences for foreign accent showed the same pattern of
      between-group differences as the native English listeners. The more experienced
      of two groups of Chinese listeners differentiated native and non-native talkers
      to a significantly greater extent than a less experienced group, even though the
      subjects in both groups spoke English with equally strong foreign accents. This
      suggests that tacit knowledge of how L2 sentences "ought" to sound increases more
      rapidly than the ability to produce those sentences.

PMID- 3411057
TI  - The contribution of the excitatory source to the perception of neutral vowels in
      stuttered speech.
AB  - The vowel in part-word repetitions in stuttered speech often sounds neutralized.
      In the present article, measurements of the excitatory source made during such
      episodes of dysfluency are reported. These measurements show that, compared with
      fluent utterances, the glottal volume velocities are lower in amplitude and
      shorter in duration and that the energy occurs more towards the low-frequency end
      of the spectrum. In a first perceptual experiment, the effects of varying the
      amplitude and duration of the glottal source were assessed. The glottal volume
      velocity recordings of the /ae/ vowels used in the analyses were employed as
      driving sources for an articulatory synthesizer so that judgments about the vowel
      quality could be made. With dysfluent glottal sources (either as spoken or by
      editing a fluent source so that it was low in amplitude and brief), the vowels
      sounded more neutralized than with fluent glottal sources (as spoken or by
      editing a dysfluent source to increase its amplitude and lengthen it). In a
      second perceptual experiment, synthetic glottal volume velocities were used to
      verify these findings and to assess the influence of the low-frequency emphasis
      in the dysfluent speech. This experiment showed that spectral bias and duration
      both cause stuttered vowels to sound neutralized.

PMID- 3411058
TI  - Trading relations in the perception of /r/-/l/ by Japanese learners of English.
AB  - The role of language-specific factors in phonetically based trading relations was
      examined by assessing the ability of 20 native Japanese speakers to identify and
      discriminate stimuli of two synthetic /r/-/l/ series that varied temporal and
      spectral parameters independently. Results of forced-choice identification and
      oddity discrimination tasks showed that the nine Japanese subjects who were able
      to identify /r/ and /l/ reliably demonstrated a trading relation similar to that
      of Americans. Discrimination results reflected the perceptual equivalence of
      temporal and spectral parameters. Discrimination by the 11 Japanese subjects who
      were unable to identify the /r/-/l/ series differed significantly from the
      skilled Japanese subjects and native English speakers. However, their performance
      could not be predicted on the basis of acoustic dissimilarity alone. These
      results provide evidence that the trading relation between temporal and spectral
      cues for the /r/-/l/ contrast is not solely attributable to general auditory or
      language-universal phonetic processing constraints, but rather is also a function
      of phonemic processes that can be modified in the course of learning a second
      language.

PMID- 3411059
TI  - Predictors of immediate and 6-month outcomes in hospitalized elderly patients.
      The importance of functional status.
AB  - This article presents results of a prospective multivariate study of hospitalized
      elderly patients at an acute-care Veterans Administration (VA) hospital to
      identify factors on hospital admission predictive of several short- and long-term
      outcomes: in-hospital and 6-month mortality, immediate and delayed nursing home
      admission, length of hospital stay, and 6-month rehospitalization. All patients
      aged 70 years and over admitted to acute-care beds on the medical service wards
      during a 1-year period were included in the study (N = 396). Factors most
      predictive of 6-month mortality (using logistic regression) were decreased
      functional status, admitting diagnosis, and decreased mental status. Factors most
      predictive of nursing home admission were decreased functional status, living
      location, and decreased mental status. Functional status was a stronger predictor
      of length of stay, mortality, and nursing home placement than was principal
      admitting diagnosis--of relevance to the current emphasis on diagnosis-related
      groups (DRGs). These data may be helpful in improving discharge planning, in
      resource allocation, and in targeting patients for different specialized
      geriatric programs.

PMID- 3411061
TI  - Myocardial infarction in old people. The influence of diabetes mellitus.
AB  - The clinical features and outcome were determined for 100 consecutive patients
      aged 65 years or older with a history of diabetes mellitus who presented to
      hospital with acute myocardial infarction. Each case was compared with an age-
      and sex-matched nondiabetic control also admitted to hospital with acute
      myocardial infarction. Chest pain was equally common in both groups and was the
      main presenting symptom. Cardiac failure was a more frequent accompaniment in the
      diabetics, despite the lack of evidence for greater infarct size in this group.
      The outcome was worst for female diabetics, of whom 46% died. Contrary to popular
      teaching, painless myocardial infarction is not a specific feature of elderly
      diabetics.

PMID- 3411060
TI  - Troublesome and disruptive behaviors in dementia. Relationships to diagnosis and
      disease severity.
AB  - Patients with dementia often manifest troublesome and disruptive behaviors in
      addition to intellectual impairments. This study evaluated behavioral
      disturbances in 126 demented patients examined sequentially, using questionnaires
      administered to primary caregivers to quantify the types and severity of
      behavioral disturbances. Eighty-three percent of the patients exhibited one or
      more of the targeted behaviors. The most common troublesome and disruptive
      behaviors clustered into three categories: aggressive, ideational, and
      vegetative. The prevalence and severity of the behaviors increased with global
      severity of dementia, but did not differ in either frequency or type when
      patients with three diagnoses were compared: Alzheimer's disease (AD), multi
      infarct dementia (MID), and mixed AD and MID (MIX). The occurrence and severity
      of the target behaviors correlated modestly with the severity of dementia.
      Impairments of mental status correlated weakly with only a single troublesome and
      disruptive behavior--assaultiveness. These results suggest that troublesome and
      disruptive behaviors are a very frequent component of dementing disorders, are
      related to disease severity, and parallel (but are probably not determined by)
      intellectual deficit.

PMID- 3411062
TI  - Hemodynamic responses to positional change in habitually physically active and
      inactive older men.
AB  - This study explored hemodynamic responses to positional change in 11 habitually
      physically active and 11 physically inactive healthy older men (mean age 70
      years). Data were collected in the supine, sitting, standing, and 70 degrees
      upright tilt positions over a 10-minute period (long-term response). Dependent
      variables were heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, total peripheral
      resistance, and blood pressure. Stroke volume, cardiac output, and total
      peripheral resistance were expressed per unit body surface area. The results of
      this study indicated that the physically active older men had significantly lower
      resting heart rates and significantly higher stroke volume indices in all four
      positions compared with the physically inactive men. The physically active men
      also tended to have lower total peripheral resistance indices and higher cardiac
      indices in all four positions, but the differences were not statistically
      significant. However, physically active and inactive older men reacted similarly
      (with respect to all hemodynamic variables except the stroke volume index) in the
      sitting, standing and 70 degrees upright tilt positions as compared with the
      supine; the stroke volume index decreased significantly more compared with that
      of the supine in the physically active men.

PMID- 3411063
TI  - Recovery of function after hip fracture. The role of social supports.
AB  - Previous studies have found that social support may reduce mortality after
      myocardial infarction and reduce overall mortality among the elderly. To
      determine whether social support also influences the recovery of function among
      patients who have had hip fractures and to describe other potential predictors of
      recovery after hip fracture, 111 patients with hip fractures were interviewed and
      examined before discharge from the hospital. The functional status of surviving
      patients was assessed again 6 months later. Patients who had a greater number of
      social supports had more complete recovery of their prefracture level of function
      (r = .21; P = .04). This association was strongest for patients over 60 years old
      (r = .31; P = .006); among these patients, this association remained
      statistically significant after adjustment for other significant (P less than
      .05) predictors of recovery: arm strength, mental status, and serum albumin.
      Additional studies should be done to test whether interventions to increase
      social supports can improve the recovery of function among elderly patients with
      hip fractures and other illnesses. In the meantime, health professionals should
      counsel elderly patients about the potential rehabilitative and preventive
      benefits of social supports.

PMID- 3411065
TI  - Performance-based measurements among elderly drivers and nondrivers.
AB  - Although driving is an important ability for maintaining independence in the
      later years, clinical factors that determine driving status are unknown. Aged
      male veterans (mean age, 70 years) were recruited from an outpatient clinic (N =
      143), including 77 frequent drivers, 41 infrequent drivers, and 25 who drove
      rarely or not at all. There were 116 (84%) who completed a comprehensive
      performance-based assessment. There were no significant differences between the
      three groups in age, formal cognitive testing, or prevalence of stroke history.
      However, there were significant differences in grip strength, reaction time,
      static visual acuity, dynamic visual acuity, and peripheral vision. Using
      stepwise ordinal logistic regression, dynamic visual acuity, nondominant hand
      grip strength, and total horizontal peripheral visual field were significantly
      associated with driving frequency (P less than .05), and together explained
      approximately 45% of the variance. Subtle motor and visual deficits that can be
      detected by a performance-based assessment may play an important role in
      determining driving frequency in the elderly.

PMID- 3411064
TI  - Occurrence and predictors of pressure sores in the National Health and Nutrition
      Examination survey follow-up.
AB  - The occurrence of pressure sores during a follow-up period of approximately 10
      years is documented for a US nationwide cohort aged 55 to 75 years at baseline.
      Using data from the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
      (NHANES I) Epidemiologic Follow-up Study, those who developed pressure sores were
      identified through death certificates, hospital discharge summaries and self
      report or proxy-report. During the follow-up period, pressure sores were
      identified in 113 of the 5,193 respondents (2.2%) for whom follow-up information
      was available. Incidence over the follow-up period was 1.7% for those aged 55 to
      69 at baseline and rose to 3.3% for those 70 to 75 years old. Risk factors for
      pressure sore development were evaluated using data collected in NHANES I at
      baseline. Those with identified pressure sores were compared with the remainder
      of their cohort and also with a control group matched on age and length of
      longest hospitalization or nursing home admission. Significantly increased risk
      for pressure sore development was found for those who at baseline were current
      smokers, reported being relatively inactive, had poor self-assessed health status
      and who were found on physician's exam to have dry or scaling skin. Neurologic
      abnormality on the physician's exam and anemia at baseline were also associated
      with increased risk of pressure sores, although these associations were of
      borderline statistical significance.

PMID- 3411066
TI  - Treatment decisions for infections occurring in nursing home residents.
AB  - This retrospective study examines the effect of guidelines on clinical decision
      making in the treatment of acute infections in nursing home residents. Among 110
      patients followed over 7 years, infections caused 54% of acute medically attended
      problems, 48% of hospitalizations, and 63% of deaths. Patients designated to
      receive comfort care, when compared with maximum care patients, had a higher
      percentage of acute problems, hospitalizations, and deaths caused by infections.
      Antibiotic treatment was given far less often to comfort care patients with
      respiratory, urinary tract, and skin infections. Implications of such an
      intervention in nursing home care are discussed.

PMID- 3411067
TI  - Pathological stealing in dementia.

PMID- 3411068
TI  - Pap smear screening in women 65 and older.
AB  - Pap smear screening in women 65 years of age and older is controversial. To
      assess the need to offer screening in this group, we examined Pap results of
      women 65 and older whose charts were reviewed as part of a cancer screening study
      in two San Francisco hospitals. Two hundred thirty women (41%) were 65 years of
      age or older (mean age, 73). Compared with younger women, they were less likely
      to have had a Pap smear during the past 3 years (61% versus 72%), less likely to
      have seen a gynecologist (24% versus 34%), and were more likely to have refused
      Pap screening (11% versus 5%). Of the 140 women who had Paps, five showed atypia
      (class II). None exhibited dysplasia or carcinoma in situ. Those with atypia were
      all nonwhite. One had had a hysterectomy; two had a history of previously
      abnormal Paps. Overall, women with a history of abnormal Paps were far more
      likely to be screened (91% versus 58%). Those who had had a hysterectomy were
      significantly less likely to be screened (51% versus 68%). These results showed a
      low rate of cervical dysplasia/carcinoma in older, low-income women. Although our
      sample was small, the low rate of abnormals may reflect the relatively high rate
      of prior screening in this population. Because older women are not likely to see
      gynecologists, primary care physicians should continue Pap screening in older
      women (including those with a history of hysterectomy) until a history of
      repeated, technically adequate, normal Pap smears is documented.

PMID- 3411069
TI  - Life prolongation: views of elderly outpatients and health care professionals.
AB  - A peculiar dynamic in communication exists between those who are most likely to
      be involved in life-prolongation decisions. We found that both the elderly and
      health care professionals talk about life-prolongation, but not with one another;
      that they consider some of the same factors as they think about the life
      prolongation decision; and that most of them believe physicians should be
      responsible for initiating discussion. However, the physician or health care
      professional who wishes to avoid crisis situations also is reluctant to broach
      the issue for fear of unnecessarily alarming or compromising the defense
      mechanisms of the patient. The patient remains patient, waiting--with fears of
      dependency, memories of previous life-threatening experiences, and deep
      sensitivity for suffering--for the physician to initiate the discussion. Is a
      mediator such as a family member necessary in these situations? Is the hospital
      environment not conductive to discussion of less than heroic efforts?

PMID- 3411071
TI  - Use of hospital mortality rates to measure quality of care.

PMID- 3411072
TI  - Constraints on nursing home care.

PMID- 3411070
TI  - UCLA geriatric grand rounds: osteoporosis.

PMID- 3411073
TI  - The future of residency training.

PMID- 3411074
TI  - The professional context for women physicians: collegial relations, role models,
      and mentors.

PMID- 3411075
TI  - The gender climate of medical school: perspectives of women and men students.

PMID- 3411076
TI  - Cigarette advertising to women: taking responsibility.

PMID- 3411077
TI  - Gender and economics.

PMID- 3411078
TI  - pH gradients generated by polyprotic buffers. I. Theory and computer simulation.
AB  - This paper presents the general equations for computing pH, dissociation
      coefficients, buffering power and ionic strength of pure polyelectrolyte
      solutions (polyacids, polybases and zwitterionic species with any number of
      dissociable groups) and mixtures of any number of these species. A program has
      been written for simulating the behaviour of mixtures containing up to 50 species
      (including buffers and titrants), each of them with up to 10 dissociable groups.
      This allowed one to check the equations with the available data on a few
      oligoprotic species.

PMID- 3411080
TI  - Stable storage conditions of Immobiline chemicals for isoelectric focusing.
AB  - Most of the problems connected with the use of the Immobiline chemicals (a set of
      six, non-amphoteric, acrylamido buffers having pK values in the pH 3.5-9.5
      interval) can be attributed to the alkaline species (with pK values 6.2, 7.0, 8.5
      and 9.3). These compounds, to varying degrees are subjected to two degradation
      pathways: (a) hydrolysis of the amido bond, producing free acrylic acid and a
      diamine, the latter unable to be incorporated into the polyacrylamide matrix; (b)
      spontaneous auto-polymerization, producing a number of oligomers up to n-mers,
      able to aggregate and precipitate large proteins. Storage of their water
      solutions as frozen aliquots, a method widely employed, only partially alleviates
      the problem. Addition of trace-amounts of inhibitors, as lately adopted by the
      manufacturer, could only reduce the problem of auto-polymerization, but not block
      the hydrolysis of the amido bond. A new solution has been found, which abolishes
      both phenomena: storage in n-propanol. As demonstrated by gas chromatography,
      HPLC analyses and two-dimensional separations of complex samples, storage in
      organic solvent completely abolishes both hydrolysis and auto-polymerization and
      allows production of highly reproducible focusing patterns.

PMID- 3411079
TI  - pH gradients generated by polyprotic buffers. II. Experimental validation.
AB  - The experimental validation refers to the computer program reported in the
      companion paper, able to simulate the course of pH, buffering power (beta) and
      ionic strength (I) of polyprotic buffers (either singly or in a mixture) titrated
      over any pH range. With simple oligoamines (up to five nitrogens) it is shown
      that it is impossible to generate linear pH gradients in the pH 4-10 interval,
      unless they are mixed in appropriate ratios. With pentaethylene hexamine, when
      used alone, it is possible to create a linear pH 4-10 interval, provided the
      molarity ratios are altered in the two chambers of the gradient mixer. The
      general rule operating for generation of linear pH intervals is constancy of
      buffering power throughout the titration. Local minima of beta produce steeper
      gradients, while local beta maxima flatten it. The ideal delta pK to arrange for
      linear pH gradients during titration is centred around 1 pH unit; thus polyprotic
      buffers with very large delta pK values (e.g., EDTA) appear to be totally useless
      for this purpose. The present computing algorithms should be quite efficient for
      optimizing existing buffer recipes for chromatofocusing or ampholyte displacement
      chromatography or for creating new, properly tailored, buffer mixtures.

PMID- 3411081
TI  - The influence of the support material used on band sharpness in Immobiline gels.
AB  - To achieve excellent isoelectrofocusing results with the use of Immobiline gels,
      the quality of the support is essential. Effects such as diffuse bands, missing
      protein fractions, streaking and trailing could originate from a support of
      inadequate quality. Two different treatments to eliminate these effects were
      evaluated. A washing procedure improves the band sharpness, and addition of
      carrier ampholytes eliminates streaking and trailing.

PMID- 3411082
TI  - Casting immobilized pH gradients into cylindrical polyacrylamide gels.
AB  - A novel method is described for casting immobilized pH gradients in
      polyacrylamide gel rods of small diameter (2 mm), based on the principle of
      rotational centrifugation. The tubes are filled vertically with equal volumes of
      dense and light solution (250 microliter each) titrated to the extremes of the
      desired pH gradient, and then tilted at 2.5 degrees to the level. After 5 min at
      rest, to allow for sliding of the two menisci to equilibrium position, the glass
      tubes are rotated for 3 min at 180 rpm, followed by an additional 3 min at 180
      rpm by reversing the sense of rotation. A homogeneous linear gradient is thus
      produced. The rotating platform is then raised to 90 degrees and the gels allowed
      to polymerize under standard conditions. Formation of linear and reproducible pH
      gradients is ensured by using stabilizing density gradients of low viscosity (0
      5% glycerol, having a maximal ratio viscosity/density of 1.1).

PMID- 3411083
TI  - Bovine beta-lactoglobulin H: isolation by preparative isoelectric focusing in
      immobilized pH gradients and preliminary characterization.
AB  - In spite of the fact that beta-lactoglobulin (beta-lg) was first discovered in
      bovine milk more than fifty years ago, and that it represents the main whey
      protein component in all the milks in which it has been found, its biological
      role and genetic evolution still remain rather uncertain. From comparative
      studies of the primary and tertiary structures of beta-lg and of other proteins
      of a similar size, the existence of a new superfamily of proteins with the
      function of transporter of hydrophobic molecules has been conjectured. The
      elucidation of the structure of beta-lg either from different species or from
      different genetic variants of the same species should give useful information on
      the evolution and function of this protein family. With this aim in mind we have
      now undertaken the isolation and characterization of a recently discovered, new
      genetic variant of bovine beta-lg. A two-step purification procedure involving
      preparative HPLC gel filtration and preparative IEF-IPG has been successfully
      carried out; it affords a good recovery of the new beta-lg in highly purified
      form.

PMID- 3411084
TI  - Isoelectric focusing in immobilized pH gradients of a snake venom fibrinolytic
      enzyme.
AB  - A fibrinolytic enzyme with a molecular weight between 23,000 and 25,000 Da has
      been purified from southern copperhead snake venom. Immobilized pH gradient
      isoelectric focusing with an ultranarrow pH interval (pH 6.65-6.95) resolved two
      isoforms of the fibrinolytic enzyme that were not resolved by standard
      isoelectric focusing. Attempts at purification of the individual isoenzymes by
      semi-preparative scale IPG and elution of enzyme by macerating the gel yielded
      only 20-40% recovery of activity. In attempts to improve recovery, a semi
      preparative IPG canal-isoelectric focusing technique has been utilized.

PMID- 3411085
TI  - 2-D analysis of human skeletal muscle myosin light chains with immobilized pH
      gradients.
AB  - Myosin light chains (LC) are a low molecular mass fraction non-covalently bound
      to the heavy chains. They are present in the myosin molecules and exhibit various
      degrees of polymorphism among the different species. By utilizing a highly
      resolving 2-D technique, in narrow immobilized pH gradients, we have compared the
      LC forms of skeletal muscle in human and rabbit. Our findings: (1) both forms,
      LC1 and LC3, migrate in the two species with rather similar electrophoretic
      constants (both in terms of pI and Mr); (2) the LC2 forms of rabbit and humans
      exhibit the same Mr but quite different pI values, the rabbit forms being more
      acidic; (3) the chain LC2Sb is resolved into two spots in both rabbit and humans.
      In the former, the two bands have equal intensity, while in the latter the high
      pI component is clearly the most abundant.

PMID- 3411086
TI  - Use of polybuffer as carrier ampholytes in mixed-bed Immobiline gels for
      isoelectric focusing.
AB  - In mixed-bed, carrier ampholyte-Immobiline gels, a primary, insolubilized pH
      gradient is admixed with a secondary, soluble pH gradient generated by amphoteric
      buffers. The latter are the standard carrier ampholytes (e.g. Ampholine,
      Pharmalyte, Biolyte, Servalyte), used in conventional isoelectric focusing,
      admixed to Immobiline gels in levels of approximately 0.5-1%. It is here shown
      that polybuffers 96 (covering the pH 6-9 range) and 74 (covering the pH 4-7
      interval) used as eluents in chromatofocusing, can effectively substitute the
      standard carrier ampholytes with considerable savings (they are 1/16th as
      expensive as the latter chemicals).

PMID- 3411087
TI  - Hypothyroidism and the influence on human blood rheology.
AB  - Viscoelastic properties of human whole blood were measured in 338 subjects: 110
      persons (75 F, 35 M) following total thyroidectomy but without substitution
      therapy over three weeks as well as 228 healthy control subjects (124 F, 104 M)
      were investigated in this study. Subjects with other variable factors were
      excluded. The viscous and the elastic portion of apparent whole blood viscosity 
      the latter subdivided into red cell aggregation and red cell rigidity were
      determined by using a newly developed oscillating capillary rheometer and
      densitymeter at the real hematocrit value and at a computed hematocrit of 40%.
      Serum viscosity, hematocrit (Hct), hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume of
      red blood cells (MCV), free triiodothyronine (fT3), free thyroxine (fT4) and
      serum-thyrotropin (bTSH) were evaluated as well. In a further subgroup of 80
      subjects (40 patients with hypothyroidism, 40 healthy control persons) additional
      plasma viscosity and sedimentation rate were determined. Red cell aggregation and
      blood viscosity especially at shear-rates below 10/sec increased significantly in
      hypothyroid patients. There was no significant difference of red cell rigidity,
      serum viscosity, plasma viscosity and sedimentation rate as against euthyroids.
      So new aspects of thyroid dysfunction could be described probably with
      consequences for therapy and for considerations about the development of
      atherosclerosis and ischemic disorders.

PMID- 3411088
TI  - Lack of endocrine systemic side effects after topical application of
      spironolactone in man.
AB  - In six healthy male volunteers, the percutaneous absorption of spironolactone was
      compared with placebo in a double-blind crossover study. The subjects were
      randomly given either a cream containing 5% spironolactone or placebo to be
      applied in a randomized sequential way to a well defined skin area equivalent to
      55% of body area. During the 72 h following the application of the ointment,
      blood levels of canrenone, the major metabolite of spironolactone, have been
      determined. In order to estimate the systemic antiandrogenic effect of
      spironolactone, plasma levels of 17-alpha-Hydroxy progesterone (17 alpha-OH-P),
      Testosterone (pT) and non-conjugated 3 alpha-Androstanediol (3 alpha-diol,
      metabolite of the active androgen 5 alpha-Dihydrotestosterone or DHT) as well as
      salivary Testosterone (sT) which relate to the free and active plasma
      testosterone fraction have also been measured. Urinary levels of canrenone have
      been determined 48 hours after cream application. No changes in any levels of
      these hormones have been detected and plasma canrenone levels were undetectable
      during the 72 hours of topical treatment. Topically administered, spironolactone
      appears to have only a local skin impregnation.

PMID- 3411089
TI  - Personality traits and mental prognosis in patients with congenital
      hypothyroidism not treated from early life.
AB  - Congenital hypothyroidism, if not treated in very early life, severely impairs
      the neuropsychological development of affected subjects. We have carried out a
      detailed analysis of cognitive functioning and personality traits in 18
      congenital hypothyroid patients treated late and/or unproperly. Significant
      cognitive defects were observed, the most important being a defective learning
      ability and an impaired capacity to judge socially significant events and to
      project complex actions in a temporal perspective. A mental retardation (IQ less
      than 70) was observed in 8/18 (44.4%) of these patients, a moderate intellective
      deficit in 5/18 (27.8%) and an IQ greater than 85 in the remaining 5 patients
      (27.8%). These data indicate that the mental defect of congenital hypothyroid
      patients may be overestimated. The patients personality was characterized by
      dependence on the mother, worrying about their body, maladjustment and
      socialization problems. Since the intellective prognosis of these patients may
      significantly improve when the environmental conditions are optimized, social and
      psychological help must always be suggested.

PMID- 3411090
TI  - Influence of environmental iodine deficiency on neonatal thyroid screening
      results.
AB  - During a multicentric pilot screening program for congenital hypothyroidism a
      comparison between the results obtained from Urbino, an area characterized by low
      iodine supply and endemic goiter, and Rome, a non-endemic area, has been made.
      The evaluation of neonatal urinary iodine excretion in the two areas showed
      significantly lower iodine urinary excretion levels in Urbino than in Rome. A
      shift of TSH at screening toward higher values as well as a higher percentage of
      recall in Urbino area than in Rome was observed. This finding, which well
      correlates with a low environmental iodine supply, emphasizes the importance of
      screening for congenital hypothyroidism as a suitable index of the presence and
      action of goitrogenic factors in the environment.

PMID- 3411092
TI  - The case of Mr. W: mental health consultation.

PMID- 3411091
TI  - Absence of serum thyroid hormone autoantibodies in patients chronically treated
      with amiodarone.
AB  - The role of iodine in the pathogenesis of thyroid hormone autoantibodies (THAA)
      was evaluated in a large series (n = 223) of patients submitted to chronic
      treatment (3-36 months) with the iodine-rich drug, amiodarone. Positive anti-T3
      autoantibody (AbT3) tests were found only in one patient, whereas tests for anti
      T4 autoantibody (AbT4) were negative in all cases. Likewise, the incidence of
      THAA in the control groups of patients with spontaneous thyroid disorders was
      low. The overall prevalence of THAA in the present series of 803 patients was
      1.2% for AbT3 and 0.1% for AbT4. The present data strongly suggest that iodine
      plays a minor role, if any, in the occurrence of THAA.

PMID- 3411094
TI  - Dispelling menopause myths.

PMID- 3411093
TI  - Pressure sore prevention and management.

PMID- 3411095
TI  - A communication model in a day hospital.

PMID- 3411096
TI  - Subcellular changes and apoptosis induced by ethanol in rat liver.
AB  - The livers of rats given ethanol for 5 weeks showed marked structural alterations
      of hepatocytes of acinar zone 3 including mitochondrial pleomorphism, increased
      smooth endoplasmic reticulum and deposition of small (less than 0.5 micron) lipid
      droplets. In addition, apoptotic bodies involving altered parenchymal cells were
      frequently observed, together with prominent mononuclear infiltrates adjacent to
      the terminal hepatic veins. It is suggested that 'age' of liver cells may play a
      role in the preferential perivenular localization of early ethanol-induced liver
      damage.

PMID- 3411098
TI  - Blood-brain barrier permeability in galactosamine-induced hepatic encephalopathy.
      No evidence for increased GABA-transport.
AB  - Blood-brain barrier permeability to the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma
      aminobutyric acid (GABA), to sucrose and to sodium was studied in rats with
      galactosamine-induced liver damage and hepatic encephalopathy by means of an
      arterial integral uptake technique. Permeability to GABA was unaltered in all
      examined brain regions (2.47 +/- 0.25.10(-5) cm3.s-1.g-1, mean +/- S.D.) as
      compared to control rats (2.49 +/- 0.19.10(-5) cm3.s-1.g-1). The permeability to
      sucrose (galactosamine 0.25 +/- 0.02 vs. controls 0.24 +/- 0.02.10(-5) cm3.s-1.g
      1) and to sodium (galactosamine 5.33 +/- 0.04 vs. controls 5.40 +/- 0.05.10(-5)
      cm3.s-1.g-1) was also unchanged in hepatic encephalopathy. At the time of
      investigation mean liver function measured by antipyrine clearance was reduced
      from 0.39 in control rats to 0.23 ml/min/100 g body wt. in galactosamine-treated
      animals. The present study does not support the suggestion that peripheral GABA
      penetrates the blood-brain barrier to any higher extent in hepatic
      encephalopathy. This provides evidence against at least part of the GABA
      hypothesis. Furthermore, an unspecific increased blood-brain barrier permeability
      in hepatic encephalopathy, as measured by sucrose and sodium uptake, was not
      found. It is concluded that the GABA-theory requires further careful
      reevaluation.

PMID- 3411097
TI  - Splanchnic and renal extraction of circulating hyaluronan in patients with
      alcoholic liver disease.
AB  - Splanchnic and renal extraction of hyaluronan was determined in patients with
      alcoholic cirrhosis (n = 9), non-cirrhotic alcoholic liver disease (n = 5), and
      controls without liver disease (n = 19) in the supine fasting condition. Arterial
      plasma concentration of hyaluronan was significantly increased in patients with
      cirrhosis (mean 480 micrograms/l) as compared to non-cirrhotic patients (29
      micrograms/l, P less than 0.001) and controls (25 micrograms/l, P less than
      0.001), whereas no difference was present between the two last-mentioned groups.
      In patients with liver disease, circulating hyaluronan was inversely correlated
      to indocyanine green clearance (r = -0.85, P less than 0.001) and to galactose
      elimination capacity (r = -0.62, P less than 0.02), but positively correlated to
      portal pressure (determined as wedged-to-free hepatic vein pressure) (r = 0.92, P
      less than 0.001). Splanchnic extraction ratio (arterio-hepatic venous extraction
      ratio) had a mean value of 0.14 in patients with cirrhosis as compared to 0.36 in
      non-cirrhotic patients (P less than 0.05) and 0.34 in controls (P less than
      0.025). Splanchnic hyaluronan extraction was not correlated to liver function
      tests or portal pressure. In patients with alcoholic liver disease no significant
      renal hyaluronan extraction was found as compared to an extraction ratio of 0.17
      in controls (P less than 0.05). Our results suggest that the increased level of
      circulating endogenous hyaluronan found in patients with cirrhosis is caused by a
      combination of increased supply to and decreased extraction from plasma.

PMID- 3411099
TI  - The effect of hepatic devascularisation in the pig upon the energy charge and
      ketone ratio.
AB  - This study describes the effects upon various functions of the porcine liver,
      especially the energy charge, after ligation of the hepatic artery or diversion
      of portal venous blood either with or without revascularisation by arterial or
      vena caval blood. Energy charge was significantly reduced for up to 2 days after
      arterial ligation but by 7 days was showing a return towards normal. Levels of
      adenosine triphosphate were affected most. The ketone body ratio was well
      maintained. A sharp elevation in levels of aspartate aminotransferase was noted
      at 2 days but had returned towards normal by 7 days while the prothrombin index
      and plasma fibrinogen tended to fall. There were inconsistent changes after
      portal diversion. These data indicate that the hepatic arterial, rather than
      portal venous inflow is important in the maintenance of porcine hepatic energy
      charge. This fact has physiological implications, and there is also an important
      application in the field of liver transplantation, where it may be that the
      ischaemic liver should be rearterialised first rather than after
      revascularisation with portal venous blood.

PMID- 3411100
TI  - Assessment of hepatitis B virus DNA levels in chronic HBsAg carriers with or
      without hepatitis delta virus superinfection.
AB  - In order to document the incidence of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) replication
      markers and their relationship to HBV replication, 91 HBsAg chronic carriers were
      studied. Of these, 51 were anti-HD-positive (19 HBeAg-positive and 32 anti-HBe
      positive). Liver HDAg was found in 75% of anti-HD-positive patients. Of the 19
      patients who had anti-HD and HBeAg, 13 were HBV-DNA-positive. None of the anti
      HBe patients were HBV-DNA-positive. No differences with respect to HBV-DNA
      concentration were observed between anti-HD-positive and -negative patients.
      Liver HDAg was detected with similar frequency in patients who were HBeAg- and
      HBV-DNA-positive (63.6%) and in those who were anti-HBe-positive (78.5%), with no
      statistically significant difference. HBcAg and HDAg were simultaneously detected
      in 36% of the anti-HD cases. Patients with anti-HD and HBV-DNA had the highest
      levels of transaminases (SGPT). Our results suggest that in certain patients HDV
      and HBV replication coexists without mutual inhibition.

PMID- 3411101
TI  - Quinidine phenylethylbarbiturate-induced fulminant hepatitis in a pregnant woman.
      A case report.
AB  - We report the case of a 19-year-old Laotian patient affected by fulminant
      hepatitis during the third trimester of her pregnancy after a 1-month
      administration of quinidine phenylethylbarbiturate. After delivery, the patient
      underwent orthotopic liver transplantation. The patient was in good condition 16
      months after liver transplantation. Quinidine itself or phenylethylbarbiturate
      may be responsible for fulminant hepatitis in this patient.

PMID- 3411102
TI  - Congenital hepatic fibrosis.
AB  - We report the clinical features of 7 men (mean age 22 years, range 7-53 years)
      with congenital hepatic fibrosis (CHF). Five patients presented with variceal
      bleeding and/or hepatosplenomegaly due to portal hypertension. Cholangitis was
      the presenting symptom in the other 2 cases. Diagnosis was established by
      histological examination of a surgical wedge biopsy (4 patients) or needle biopsy
      (3 patients). A portal-systemic shunting was performed in 6 patients, three times
      prophylactically. None of the 5 survivors developed chronic hepatic
      encephalopathy. Recurrent bouts of cholangitis with septicemia and hepatic
      abscesses were a major complication in 5 patients with a fatal outcome in 2
      cases. Six patients had associated small and large cysts in the cortex of both
      kidneys, compatible with adult-type polycystic disease. One patient developed
      terminal renal insufficiency. In 3 patients kidney function remained normal at a
      mean follow-up time of 7.5 years (range 1-18 years). In 2 families (4 cases) an
      autosomal dominant inheritance of renal disease was suggested. This study
      demonstrates that CHF is a rare cause of portal hypertension in late childhood
      and in adults. Cholangitis is a severe and frequently fatal complication.
      Association with a variety of congenital renal abnormalities is very frequent.
      However, the association with adult-type polycystic disease as reported in 4
      cases is very rare.

PMID- 3411103
TI  - An asymptomatic vertebral lesion in a 60-year-old woman.

PMID- 3411104
TI  - Rheumatic heart disease. Will we see more cases with the fever on the rise?

PMID- 3411105
TI  - Neonatal oxygen monitoring.

PMID- 3411106
TI  - Irving tubal sterilization: report of 634 procedures.

PMID- 3411107
TI  - Anaphylaxis and anaphylactoid reaction: acute, biphasic and protracted.

PMID- 3411108
TI  - Mediastinal abscess: two case reports.

PMID- 3411109
TI  - Infectious waste law effective July 1.

PMID- 3411110
TI  - Medicine's lighter moments.

PMID- 3411111
TI  - Building a strong staff.

PMID- 3411112
TI  - Sex and the single migraine.

PMID- 3411113
TI  - Hey Washington, is anyone listening?

PMID- 3411114
TI  - Digest of health and medical laws, 1988 Indiana General Assembly.

PMID- 3411115
TI  - World Health Organization launches public information effort to increase global
      awareness of AIDS.

PMID- 3411116
TI  - Evaluation of enteric virus levels and serotypes recovered from wastewater and
      sea-water.
AB  - The present study attempted to assess the levels of enteric viruses, as well as
      their serotypes, present in the wastewaters of the central Athens sewer of
      Keratsini (Greece), and in the receiving coastal sea-waters in the vicinity. From
      the parallel examination of 24 samples from each sampling source, during 1985,
      viruses were detected in 100% of wastewaters and in 87.5% of the receiving sea
      waters. The virus loads in the receiving waters, 100 meters away from the
      polluting source, were found to be as low as 13% of the total virus content
      detected at the polluting source. From the identification of the recovered field
      isolates it was found that in the polluting source (wastewater) 13 different
      serotypes of enteroviruses were present (not including untyped isolates), where
      as in the receiving coastal waters were found nine different serotypes, which
      correlate with those found in sewage effluents. The maximum levels detected from
      both sources were found in late Summer early Fall.

PMID- 3411117
TI  - Expanded program on immunization and its implementation in the Czech Socialist
      Republic.
AB  - National immunization programs carried out in the CSR are here confronted with
      the EPI regional targets for Europe, a component of the WHO global program
      "Health for all by the year 2000". The EPI target diseases to be brought under
      control in Europe by 1990 include measles, poliomyelitis, diphtheria and neonatal
      tetanus; control of congenital rubella infection is to be achieved by the year
      2000. The presented data show that Czechoslovakia has succeeded in implementing
      this program much ahead of the WHO time schedule. The elimination of measles
      infection was achieved in 1982, poliomyelitis was brought under control in 1961,
      and the effective diphtheria control has been in effect since the mid-1960s.
      Cases of neonatal tetanus are absent in the CSR since 1965, the annual incidence
      of postnatal tetanus is permanently 0.1-0.2 per 100,000 population. The goal of
      achieving the rubella-free status and thus the elimination of congenital rubella
      cases at country level is expected to be reached in the early 1990s.
      Implementation of the remaining WHO recommendations pertinent to infections other
      than EPI target diseases appears also satisfactory. Regular immunization against
      whooping cough, one of the oldest immunization programs in Czechoslovakia,
      succeeded in effectively eliminating this infection in the early 1970s. Selective
      immunization campaigns against influenza infection, introduced many years ago,
      help protect, together with a large-scale use of available chemoprophylactics,
      some 200,000 individuals every year in CSR. The hepatitis B immunization program
      was started in 1983 and is primarily limited to health service staff, which is in
      line with the existing WHO recommendations. Inception of the regular immunization
      program against mumps is planned for the beginning of 1987.

PMID- 3411118
TI  - First experience with ELISA serosurvey for tick-borne borreliosis (Lyme disease)
      in Czechoslovakia.
AB  - Antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi were searched for in the sera from two groups
      of hospital patients and one group of healthy agricultural workers. The antibody
      response was measured by the authors' own modification of the ELISA method
      employing the antigen prepared from Borrelia recurrentis strain propagated in
      laboratory mice. Positive antibody titres to Borrelia were demonstrated in 5 out
      of the 44 patients admitted to the Infectious Diseases Clinic, in 8 out of the 32
      patients from the Neurologic Clinic and in 16 out of the 52 healthy agricultural
      workers living in areas infested with ticks. These findings are interpreted as
      showing the topicality of the Lyme disease problem in Czechoslovakia.

PMID- 3411119
TI  - Characterization of envelope antigens of influenza A (H3N2) virus isolated during
      1983-1985 epidemics and from sporadic cases of infection.
AB  - Ten strains of influenza A (H3N2) virus isolated from an outbreak in 1983, and
      ten strains isolated in 1985 from sporadic cases of infection were included in
      the study. For characterization of envelope antigens were used the polyclonal and
      monoclonal antibodies tested in the reaction of haemagglutinin inhibition,
      neuraminidase inhibition, and by lectin test. The strains but slightly different
      in the tests with polyclonal antibodies could clearly be classified to 3-4 groups
      using 5 monoclonal antibodies to H antigen of A/Bangkok 1/79 and A/Philippines
      2/82 strains. Strains from the 1983 epidemics represent a more homogeneous group
      of which only one of ten strains failed to react with monoclonals of the strains
      A/Bangkok and A/Philippines. Strains from sporadic cases of infection in 1985,
      except for two strains, did not react at all with the monoclonal discriminating
      A/Bangkok and A/Philippines. The other strains could be classified to three
      groups, i.e. whether they agreed with 4, 2 or none of the A/Philippines H antigen
      epitopes. Alterations of neuraminidase are less apparent, and cannot be defined
      by means of normal immune sera. With the use of monoclonal antibodies the strains
      under study do not react any more with the strains of 1968-1973 influenza virus;
      yet the monoclonals to A/Texas/77 strain still do recognize one or two epitopes
      of the 1983-1985 strains.

PMID- 3411120
TI  - Cell-mediated response to BCG investigated by leukocyte migration test from an
      agarose droplet.
AB  - The modified leukocyte migration test (LMT) from an agarose droplet with the
      antigen stimulation (by BCG) is proposed in the present work. The BCG
      concentrations ranging from 1.25 up to 130 mg/l were used to examine 20
      tuberculin (PPD) skin test negative and 10 PPD positive patients, which suffered
      from lung diseases. The optimal concentrations were 6.25 and 25.0 mg/l. The mean
      index values of a 20 membered control group ranged from 0.7 up to 0.88 when
      stimulated with the lower BCG concentration, and they were of 0.53 up to 0.69 at
      higher BCG concentration. In spite of its suitable indicatory properties as to
      ascertain cell mediated immunity state, the LMT with the BCG were of no use as a
      tuberculin skin test correlate.

PMID- 3411121
TI  - WHO Regional Committee for Europe. A common front against AIDS and tobacco.

PMID- 3411122
TI  - Dose-response studies of intracerebroventricular infusion of aldosterone in
      sensitized and non-sensitized rats.
AB  - We have shown previously that the intracerebroventricular (icvt) infusion of 5
      ng/h aldosterone (ALD) in the sensitized rat (one kidney removed, 1% NaCl plus
      0.15% KCl solution to drink) produced hypertension similar in amplitude and time
      of onset to a 100-fold dose administered subcutaneously (s.c.), while a 5-ng/h
      subcutaneous infusion had no effect on blood pressure (BP). Dose-response studies
      on the icvt infusion of ALD were carried out in sensitized and non-sensitized
      (intact, with tap water to drink) male Sprague-Dawley rats (SDR). In both
      studies, a control group received the diluent, artificial cerebrospinal fluid
      (CSF), icvt. In sensitized rats, the pressures became significantly (P less than
      0.05) elevated at day 7 in those receiving 15 ng/h icvt, day 11 in those
      receiving 5 ng/h icvt and 500 ng/h s.c. and day 18 in those receiving 1.5 ng/h
      icvt. The indirect systolic BPs at day 20 of infusion were 119 +/- 0.8 (s.e.)
      mmHg for controls, 182 +/- 5 for 15 ng/h icvt, 140 +/- 2 mmHg for 5 ng/h icvt,
      131 +/- 1 mmHg for 1.5 ng/h icvt, 125 +/- 1 mmHg for 0.5 ng/h, and 159 +/- 5 mmHg
      for 500 ng/h s.c. Recovery (removal of pumps and return to water to drink) for 18
      days resulted in the return of normal pressures in all groups except the 15 ng/h,
      icvt group in which pressures remained slightly, but significantly elevated at
      127 +/- 3 mmHg. In non-sensitized rats, the pressures became significantly
      elevated in animals receiving 45 ng/h icvt and 1 microgram/h s.c. by day
      14.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3411123
TI  - The effects of intravenous angiotensin II upon blood pressure and sodium and
      urate excretion in human pregnancy.
AB  - Twelve women in their first 3 months of pregnancy received an i.v. saline load (3
      mmol sodium/kg) and a graded infusion of angiotensin II (Ang II; i.e. 4, 8 and 16
      ng/kg per min). As controls, twelve comparable pregnant subjects received the
      saline infusion alone. Eight non-pregnant women underwent both protocols, with
      doses of 2, 4 and 8 ng/kg per min Ang II, and thus acted as their own controls.
      Saline loading evoked proportionately similar falls in basal plasma renin (PRC)
      and plasma aldosterone (PAC) concentrations in pregnant and non-pregnant women.
      Angiotensin II evoked a dose-dependent pressor response, a graded increase in PAC
      and a reduction in sodium and urate excretion in both pregnant and non-pregnant
      women. The administration of Ang II had a proportionately greater effect on
      sodium and urate excretion in non-pregnant than in pregnant women; the pressor
      response to Ang II was also decreased in the pregnant women. The stimulation of
      PAC by Ang II, however, did not differ between the two groups. These results show
      that refractoriness to the renal and vascular effects of Ang II is present as
      early as the eleventh week of gestation. They also support the hypothesis that
      there is a degree of dissociation between the renin-angiotensin system and PAC in
      normal pregnancy.

PMID- 3411125
TI  - Mechanism of action of ketanserin: studies on cardiovascular reactivity in
      essential and diabetes-associated hypertension.
AB  - Ketanserin is a selective serotonin-S2 receptor antagonist with alpha 1
      adrenoceptor inhibiting activity. The relative contribution of the latter
      mechanism to antihypertensive efficacy was studied in a group comprising eight
      normal subjects, 10 patients with essential hypertension and eight diabetics with
      arterial hypertension. Ketanserin treatment administered over a period of 8
      weeks, decreased arterial pressure in patients with essential hypertension and,
      to a lesser extent, in diabetics, but not in normal subjects. In all three
      groups, exchangeable sodium, blood volume, the activity of the adrenergic and
      renin-angiotensin-aldosterone systems and the pressor responsiveness to
      norepinephrine (NE) or angiotensin II (Ang II) were unaltered, while the pressor
      reactivity to phenylephrine showed a significant decrease in normal subjects
      only. This suggests that the antihypertensive mechanism of ketanserin does not
      involve a modification of the physiological relationship between endogenous
      noradrenergic and pressor reactivity to NE. Moreover, ketanserin does not
      interfere with Ang II-dependent mechanisms.

PMID- 3411124
TI  - Effects of low-dose chronic diltiazem treatment on hemodynamic changes in
      spontaneously hypertensive rats.
AB  - The effects of long-term diltiazem treatment on hemodynamic and cardiovascular
      characteristics were investigated in young spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR),
      Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) and their respective untreated controls. The drug was
      administered to treated rats over a period of 24 weeks. Body weight, left
      ventricular weight, mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate, max dp/dt or
      maximum velocity of the contractile element (Vmax) were not significantly
      different in diltiazem-treated SHR and untreated SHR. In diltiazem-treated SHR,
      cardiac index (CI) and stroke volume index (SI) were significantly increased and
      total peripheral resistance and the index of left ventricular compliance (delta
      P/delta V) were significantly decreased compared with untreated SHR. Left
      ventricular pumping ability in treated SHR was higher than that in untreated SHR,
      despite the low dose of diltiazem given. However, there was no significant
      difference between treated and untreated WKY. Long-term diltiazem treatment did
      not affect left ventricular function or biochemical properties in SHR and WKY.
      These data suggest that long-term diltiazem treatment improves pump function in
      SHR without changing blood pressure.

PMID- 3411127
TI  - Social anchorage and blood pressure in elderly men--a population study.
AB  - The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that there is an
      independent association between the three concepts of psychosocial factors,
      social network, social support, social influence and blood pressure (see
      Materials and methods for definition). The study sample chosen (n = 621)
      comprised a randomly selected group of half the male residents of Malmo born in
      1914, 500 (80.5%) of whom participated. A study based on a model with clearly
      defined criteria was used to measure the different aspects of social network,
      social support and social influence. In multiple regression analysis, social
      anchorage (a subconcept of social network) was shown to have an association with
      both systolic (P = 0.03) and diastolic blood pressure (P less than 0.001), when
      adjustments for social class, marital status, medication for hypertension,
      alcohol consumption, smoking habits, body mass index (BMI) and physical activity
      were made. Social anchorage is a concept on a structural level, that describes to
      what degree the individual belongs to and is anchored within formal and informal
      groups in society. As such, it may contribute to a deeper understanding of
      mechanisms behind high blood pressure and could thus be significant in the field
      of health promotion.

PMID- 3411126
TI  - Comparison of the cardiovascular effects of different laboratory stressors and
      their relationship with blood pressure variability.
AB  - Laboratory stressors are employed to assess the 'typical' cardiovascular
      reactivity to stress of a given subject. It is believed that this may assist in
      the diagnosis of hypertension and predict future development of blood pressure
      (BP) elevation. However, the internal consistency of the data obtained by
      laboratory stressing manoeuvres and their ability to reflect the effects of
      everyday stressful events occurring over a 24-h period have never been clearly
      established. We studied a group of ambulant normotensive and essential
      hypertensive in-patients who were undergoing prolonged intra-arterial blood
      pressure monitoring (Oxford method) to determine firstly, whether four routine
      laboratory stressors provided a homogeneous evaluation of subjects' reactivity
      and secondly, whether cardiovascular reactivity to these stressors reflected a
      tendency of BP to vary over a 24-h period. A significant correlation (P less than
      0.01) was found between the pressor responses to mental arithmetic and the mirror
      drawing test and between the pressor responses to the cold pressor test and hand
      grip. These correlations, however, were not close and responses to the 'mental'
      and 'physical' stressors were unrelated. The elevation in BP induced by
      laboratory stressors also did not correlate with the increase in BP accompanying
      stress elicited outside laboratory conditions (i.e. doctor's visit). The pressor
      effects of both the laboratory and the out-of-laboratory stressors showed little
      or no correlation with the 24-h absolute or per cent blood pressure
      variabilities, although for the stressors involving a mental challenge, a
      significant though not close correlation with daytime blood pressure variability
      was found. These data underline the limitations of laboratory tests in assessing
      cardiovascular reactivity to stress.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3411128
TI  - Activation of the respiratory burst in macrophages. Phosphorylation specifically
      associated with Fc receptor-mediated stimulation.
AB  - Inflammatory macrophages elicited from the peritoneal cavity of mice injected
      with endotoxin can avidly ingest E opsonized with IgG antibody (EIgG) or with IgM
      antibody and C (EIgMC). However, only ingestion of EIgG is associated with
      activation of the respiratory burst and release of superoxide anion. We compared
      the endogenous phosphorylation of proteins from macrophages stimulated by
      interaction with EIgG or EIgMC on the premise that proteins phosphorylated after
      stimulation by EIgG but not EIgMC could play a role in activating the enzyme
      (oxidase) responsible for the respiratory burst. Proteins were separated by one
      dimensional and two-dimensional electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels. We found
      that proteins with approximate Mr of 20 kDa, 23 kDa, 46 kDa, 48 kDa (three
      proteins), 67 kDa, and 130 kDa were more heavily phosphorylated after EIgG
      stimulation than after EIgMC stimulation. Exposure to PMA, which activates the
      respiratory burst oxidase, induced phosphorylation of the 23-kDa, 48-kDa group,
      and 130-kDa proteins that were phosphorylated after stimulation by EIgG. Activity
      of protein kinase C was found to be significantly increased in the particulate
      fraction of macrophages stimulated by EIgG but not in the particulate fraction of
      EIgMC-stimulated cells. These data are compatible with the hypotheses that
      phosphorylation of specific cellular proteins, especially with a Mr of
      approximately 48 kDa, is involved in activation of the respiratory burst oxidase,
      and that function of protein kinase C also plays a part in this activation
      process.

PMID- 3411129
TI  - Molecular organization of the DQ subregion (DO-DX-DV-DQ) of the human MHC and its
      evolutionary implications.
AB  - An overlapping set of cosmid clones from the homozygous DR7 B lymphoblastoid cell
      line MANN linking the HLA-DO through -DQ subregions is described. This region
      encompasses 280 kb of DNA, including DQ alpha, DQ beta, DX alpha, DX beta, DO
      beta, and recently indentified L chain sequences termed DV beta. The orientation
      and grouping of the alpha- and beta-chains is comparable with an analogous murine
      class II subregion and also with the HLA-DR alpha and -DR beta chains, suggesting
      that the arrangement of the constituent genes of class II subregions predates the
      mouse/human divergence.

PMID- 3411130
TI  - [Diagnostic and therapeutic problems posed by renal or para-renal masses of
      cystic appearances].
AB  - The authors report some forty cases of renal masses, cystic in appearance and
      having raised a certain number of diagnostic or therapeutic problems. These
      masses included 7 cystic carcinomas, 3 benign tumors of cystic appearance and 28
      cysts including 2 infected and 2 hydatid cysts. No paraclinical investigation is
      infallible in confirming the nature of the mass in doubtful cases, and pre
      operative diagnosis is more easily obtained by investigation including the
      majority of standard imaging methods often completed by puncture. Amongst
      clinical factors which raise doubts as to the benign nature of the cystic mass
      seen, hematuria remains the most important, other symptoms and signs being of
      little significance. With regard to imaging, septate calcified masses with echoes
      within them, with a thick wall or high CT scan density are theoretically suspect.
      The same applies to masses having rapidly increased at two successive
      investigations or where puncture fluid is bloody. In all cases if proof of the
      benign nature cannot be obtained, surgical exploration would appear to be
      required.

PMID- 3411131
TI  - [Treatment of staghorn calculi by percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Apropos of 18
      cases].
AB  - This series involves 19 kidneys treated by the same operator. The predominance of
      women (14/18) and of proteus urinary infection (11) was identical to other
      published series. 13/19 calculi with complete staghorn calculi occupying the
      renal pelvis and the 3 calyceal groups. 7 patients had a past history of 15
      lombotomies for staghorn calculus. PCLN was carried out under fluoroscopic
      visualisation only, in 13 cases with one single channel, in 4 cases with two
      channels and in 3 cases with three channels. One operative phase was sufficient
      in 9 kidneys, two in another 9, whilst one kidney required 3. The mean duration
      of irradiation was 20 minutes (as against 12 minutes for the entire series of 135
      CNL of the same operator). The post-operative course was uneventful apart from
      late hematuria which required no particular surgical management. 14/19 kidneys
      (73.6%) were totally cleared of their calculi. For the other 5 kidneys, two were
      treated by extracorporeal lithotripsy, with one success, two were lost to follow
      up, including one after refusal of a third PCNL, and one will shortly be
      retreated by PCNL. After analysis of the literature compared with his own
      experience, the author considers that approximately 90% of staghorn calculi
      (large portion in pelvis, small calyceal portions, wide calyceal branches) can be
      treated by PCNL alone or completed by ECL and that some 10% of staghorn calculi
      (small pelvis portion, large extensively branched calyceal portions, narrow
      calyceal branches) still require traditional surgery.

PMID- 3411132
TI  - [Bilateral traumatic rupture of the renal arteries. Emergency repair. Long-term
      course].
AB  - The authors present the case of a patient undergoing late surgery following
      bilateral trauma of the renal hilum. Despite revascularization and a certain
      urine output the patient remains on hemodialysis. A highly pragmatic study of the
      literature follows the clinical presentation.

PMID- 3411133
TI  - [Factors of the urinary prognosis of myelomeningoceles].
AB  - Based on a retrospective series of 200 patients with myelomeningocele followed
      over a period of 3 to 17 years (mean = 9.02 years), the authors define the
      prognostic elements of the radiographic and urodynamic assessment. Their aim was
      to define a population at risk presenting a possibility of deterioration of the
      upper urinary tract. The mean age at the time of the first assessment by the
      authors was 12 years (range: 2 to 38 years), at which time the upper urinary
      tract was not dilated in 73% of cases and dilated in 27% of cases. Evaluation of
      the clinical course revealed that 7% of the upper tracts were dilated at the
      first consultation and only 1% of them remained so, 26% became dilated
      secondarily and 67% were never dilated throughout the observation period. The
      last cystometric assessment provided the following mean values: --for the overall
      population (200 patients): a premicturating pressure (P2) of 32 cm of water and a
      compliance (CPL) of 20 ml/cm of water; --for the population in which the upper
      tract was dilated at the last consultation (54 patients): a P2 of 45 cm of water
      and a CPL of 7 ml/cm of water; --for the population in which the upper tract was
      not dilated at the last consultation (146 patients): the P2 was 27 cm of water
      and the CPL was 24 ml/cm of water. These 2 parameters therefore appeared to be
      essential and their prognostic value should be evaluated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3411134
TI  - [Psychogenic retention of urine in women: diagnostic and therapeutic problems].
AB  - Psychogenic urinary retention is rare event. 6 cases are reported: diagnostic
      urologic and neurologic work-up is outlined. The final statement is the exclusion
      of rare or minimal neurogenic causes (silent disk prolapse, early multiple
      sclerosis and so on) and the evidence of cause-effect relationship between
      psychic trauma and starting of urinary symptoms are compulsory to join the
      diagnosis of psychogenic urinary retention.

PMID- 3411135
TI  - [Treatment of lithiasis in horse-shoe kidney].
AB  - Between september 1985 and april 1987 the authors treated 16 patients with 27
      calculi in horse-shoe kidneys. 14 patients were treated by extra-corporeal
      lithotrity with two failures from the outset because of impossibility of
      positioning the lithiasis at the second site of the ellipsoid. In the other
      twelve cases and 3 months after treatment there were four complete successes (no
      residual calculi) and eight partial successes with, in seven cases, residual
      calculi less than 4 mm in diameter and, in one case, a residual calculus of more
      than 10 mm. Of 4 percutaneous nephrolithotomies, including two from the outset,
      there were no post-operative complications and, only in one case, residual
      fragments in the inferior calyx. The authors then analyzed the special features
      and difficulties inherent to the unusual topography of the renal cavities of
      horse-shoe kidneys. Such topography leads to modifications which are described by
      the authors both in the technique of extra-corporeal lithotrity as well as in
      that of percutaneous nephrolithotomy. The study ends with an analysis of the
      respective indications of the two methods of extra-corporeal or endo-urological
      treatment of lithiasis affecting horse-shoe kidneys.

PMID- 3411136
TI  - [Secondary cancer of the kidney. Apropos of 2 cases].
AB  - Secondary kidney neoplasm is either silent,--and mostly unrecognized--, or its
      clinical and urographic features suggest a primary kidney tumor. Only
      computerized tomography and arteriography might differentiate these lesions
      before nephrectomy. They are essential investigations in case of bilateral
      lesions.

PMID- 3411137
TI  - The shape of intestinal segments used for reconstruction.
AB  - The geometry of intact and detubularized intestinal segments is examined to
      establish guidelines for estimating the length of bowel required for urinary
      reconstruction. Because a sphere has the highest ratio of volume to surface area
      of any geometric form, whenever bowel is detubularized the resulting spherical
      reservoir will always hold a larger volume than the original cylinder, but
      unfortunately there is no simplistic formula to estimate this gain. Therefore,
      tables are presented which calculate the resulting volumes and the gain in volume
      of detubularized spherically shaped reservoirs used for bladder augmentation and
      substitution. These tables demonstrate the striking gain in volume that results
      from detubularizing bowel and provide guidelines for determining the length of
      bowel segments required for different types of urinary tract reconstruction.

PMID- 3411138
TI  - [The simplified technic of treatment by omentoplasty of irradiated and injured
      large vesico-vaginal fistulas. Apropos of 130 surgical cases].
AB  - Beginning with 1954, I. Kiricuta suggested and successfully used the stopping of
      the orifice in the vesico-vaginal fistula by omentum. It is presented the own
      experience during the last 33 years on 130 surgical cases (50 surgical fistulas,
      65 complex vesico-vaginal fistulas on the intense irradiated tissues, 15 fistulas
      after irradiation as well as neoplastic ones). Of these, 20 cases of vesico
      rectovaginal or rectovaginal fistulas operated on very successfully but that
      raises particular technical problems will be presented in another paper. Two
      surgical techniques will be here presented: 1. The classical technique: the
      omentum mobilized, it is the case, following a special technique (fig. 1a, 1b,
      1c) is then interposed as a screen between the bladder and the vagina (fig. 2 &
      3), that results in the cure of the fistulas due to the fibroblastic features of
      the omentum. 2. The simplified technique presents the following features: after
      the wide cystotomy and the excision (freshening) the mucosa of the upper third of
      the vagina (fig. 5) by the fistulous vesico-vaginal orifice, the vagina is
      stopped with the descended omentum through the bladder into the vagina (fig. 5 &
      6). This last procedures is very easy to perform. By using these techniques the
      healing was obtained in 100% (there was only one death due to the upper digestive
      hemorrhage).

PMID- 3411139
TI  - [Ontogenesis of vesico-sphincter function].
AB  - On the basis of experimental data and clinical observations reported in the
      literature, the authors describe the development of vesico-sphincteric physiology
      from the stage of the foetus to adulthood. They then present the normal values
      for the principal urodynamic parameters (vesical capacity, urinary flow, vesical
      pressure and urethral pressure).

PMID- 3411140
TI  - Cardiovascular disease, cancer, and cause of death in patients with psoriasis: 10
      years prospective experience in a cohort of 1,380 patients.
AB  - After 10 years of prospective study of a cohort of 1,380 patients with psoriasis
      enrolled in the Photochemotherapy (PUVA) Follow-up Study, our data show that the
      incidence of death and causes of death were comparable to those expected in the
      general population. We noted no increase in cardiovascular mortality, but
      observed that cirrhosis caused more deaths among our cohort than in the general
      population (Standard Mortality Ratio: 4.7, P less than 0.05). The overall
      incidence of non-cutaneous cancer was slightly but not significantly elevated in
      our population (Standard Mortality Ratio = 1.2, P greater than 0.05). In an
      analysis of individual sites, we observed significant increases in the incidence
      of colonic cancer and primary neoplasms of the central nervous system. We found
      no significant increase in the incidence of lymphoma, leukemia, or malignant
      melanoma within our cohort. Because of the possible long latency time and the low
      incidence of these malignancies only continued follow-up of this cohort can
      assure us that PUVA therapy does not substantially alter the risk for the
      development of these conditions.

PMID- 3411142
TI  - Distinction between two molecular species of type V collagen from human post-burn
      granulation tissues.
AB  - Human type V collagen was purified from post-burn granulation tissues, and was
      demonstrated to exist in two different molecular assemblies consisting of [alpha
      1(V)]2 alpha 2(V) and alpha 1(V)alpha 2(V)alpha 3(V) heterotrimers which are
      designated as type V(112) and V(123) collagens, respectively, in this paper. The
      two molecular species were separated by salt fractionation at neutral pH under
      non-denaturing conditions. When crude type V collagen was dialyzed against
      phosphate-buffered saline at 4 degrees C, mainly collagen V(112) precipitated,
      leaving collagen V(123) in the solution. Type V(112) collagen, but not type
      V(123), precipitated at 0.15 M NaCl in 50 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.5), whereas
      the type V(123) molecule precipitated at 4.5 M NaCl in the same buffer. When the
      crude type V collagen was electrophoresed under non-denaturing conditions, two
      bands were observed; and it was confirmed that the fast-migrating band was
      composed of [alpha 1(V)]2 alpha 2(V) and the slow-migrating band was alpha
      1(V)alpha 2(V)alpha 3(V). Both alpha 1 and alpha 2 chains of V(112) showed
      biochemical properties that were very similar, if not identical, to those of the
      corresponding alpha chains of V(123) judging from amino acid compositions,
      peptide mapping patterns obtained following treatment with cyanogen bromide and
      lysyl endopeptidase, and periodic acid Schiff and concanavalin A stainings. Alpha
      3 chain, in contrast, was distinct from both alpha 1 and alpha 2 chains. The
      amino acid composition and peptide maps of alpha 3 chain were similar to some
      extent, but not identical, to those of the alpha 1 chain. The intensity of
      carbohydrate stainings of the alpha 3 chain was clearly different from that of
      the alpha 1 chain. The negatively stained segment-long-spacing crystallites of
      the two molecular species exhibited an identical banding pattern. The crystallite
      derived from collagen V(112) was usually in a dimeric form exhibiting the C-C
      terminal junction, but that of collagen V(123) was mostly in a monomeric form.
      Differences between the two molecular species is ascribed to the presence of the
      alpha 3 chain in collagen V(123).

PMID- 3411141
TI  - In vitro migratory response of rat peritoneal macrophages and mast cells towards
      chemotactic factors and growth factors.
AB  - In order to elucidate the mechanisms of mast cell accumulation at tissue sites,
      mast cell-containing and -depleted rat peritoneal exudates were tested for their
      migratory ability in the in vitro microdroplet assay. In some experiments,
      peritoneal cells from ascaris sensitized rats and immature, cultured mast cells
      were studied as well. Mature mast cells never responded to any stimulus tested,
      and immature cells exhibited far less responsiveness than their precursors.
      Macrophages migrated towards LTB4, PAF, formylated peptide, activated and
      sensitized serum, spleen cell supernatants and less so towards fibronectin,
      growth factors (EGF, FGF) and growth factor containing media. In general, cells
      from sensitized animals and young elicited cells were more active than resting
      macrophages. The data suggest that increased numbers of mast cells at tissue
      sites are due to in situ maturation of immigrated, macrophage-like precursors.

PMID- 3411143
TI  - Positive reactivity of dysplastic melanocytes with a monoclonal antibody against
      melanoma melanosomes, MoAb HMSA-2.
AB  - A mouse-mouse monoclonal antibody, MoAb HMSA-2, was raised against the
      melanosomal protein of human malignant melanoma. To characterize the nature of
      dysplastic melanocytic nevi (DMN), we examined the reactivity of DMN with MoAb
      HMSA-2 in comparison to that of superficial spreading melanoma (SSM) and common
      melanocytic nevi (CMN) including junctional melanocytic nevi (JMN) on routine
      paraffin sections. MoAb HMSA-2 showed several unique immunohistochemical
      findings: a) MoAb HMSA-2 reacted with melanocytes of DMN in both the epidermis
      and the dermis, including the pigment granules in the keratinocytes; b) the
      pigment granules in the keratinocytes of DMN were found to be immature
      melanosomes transferred from dysplastic melanocytes to keratinocytes; c) the
      reactivity of epidermal melanocytes in DMN and SSM was stronger than that of
      junctional component in CMN, though SSM revealed a much stronger reaction than
      DMN; and d) keratinocytes, especially in a "shoulder" lesion of DMN which was
      associated with dermal lymphocytic infiltrates, often showed a strong reactivity
      with MoAb HMSA-2. Thus our study suggested a unique immunohistochemical feature
      of DMN with deranged melanogenesis as indicated by the reactivity with MoAb HMSA
      2.

PMID- 3411144
TI  - Skin lipid content during early fetal development.
AB  - Although little is known about changes in the lipid composition of the skin
      during fetal development, information regarding the developmental sequence of
      fetal skin lipid content could be important for understanding the emergence of
      epidermal barrier function, as well as providing baseline criteria for prenatal
      diagnosis of certain inherited disorders of cornification. In these studies,
      epidermis was separated from dermis in fetal skin samples ranging from 50 to 140
      d, estimated gestational ages (EGA), and its lipid composition was analyzed by
      quartz rod microchromatography/flame-ionization and thin layer chromatography.
      Lipid biochemical data were correlated with developmental milestones observed by
      electron microscopy (morphologic studies). The lipid composition of epidermal and
      dermal fractions from skin samples between 50 and 110 d EGA was similar, with
      both tissues exhibiting a predominance of free sterols and phospholipids. After
      110 d EGA dermis became enriched in triglycerides, corresponding to the
      progressive development of adipocytes after this time. EGA epidermis after 110 d
      was enriched not only in triglycerides, but also sterol esters. Moreover,
      ceramides and glycosphingolipids also became increasingly prominent, changes that
      were greatest in epidermis from older fetuses and from cephalad regions. These
      changes in epidermal lipid composition corresponded morphologically to the
      progressive emergence of both folliculocentric epidermal cornification and
      sebaceous gland development.

PMID- 3411145
TI  - Electron microscopic changes of bone marrow-derived cultured mast cells after
      injection into the skin of genetically mast cell-deficient W/Wv mice.
AB  - Phenotypes of bone marrow-derived cultured mast cells are different from those of
      connective tissue-type mast cells (CTMCs) that are found in the peritoneal cavity
      and the skin. When cultured mast cells of WBB6F1 - +/+ mouse origin were directly
      injected into the skin of genetically mast cell-deficient WBB6F1 - W/Wv mice,
      mast cells appeared in both the dermis and the subcutaneous tissue (beneath the
      panniculus carnosus). In contrast to cultured mast cells, mast cells that were
      observed in either the dermis or the subcutaneous tissue were stained with
      berberine sulfate, suggesting the content of heparin. Cultured mast cells
      acquired the electron microscopic features of CTMC in either the dermis or the
      subcutaneous tissue of WBB6F1 - W/Wv mice, but the electron density of mast-cell
      granules was significantly higher in the dermis than in the subcutaneous tissue.
      Such an electron microscopic difference was also observed after the injection of
      purified peritoneal mast cells of WBB6F1 - +/+ mice into the skin of WBB6F1 -
      W/Wv mice. From the present study, we suggest that the electron density of mast
      cell granules in the skin of WBB6F1 - W/Wv mice is not dependent on the type of
      injected mast cells but on the anatomical sites at which the injected cells are
      located.

PMID- 3411147
TI  - Anti-IgE monoclonal antibodies as tools for demonstration of cutaneous IgE
      bearing dendritic cells.

PMID- 3411146
TI  - A method for the rapid isolation of human epidermal Langerhans cells using
      immunomagnetic microspheres.
AB  - Because Langerhans and indeterminate cells are the only epidermal cells that
      express the specific CD1a surface antigen T6, we have used immunomagnetic
      monodisperse polymer microspheres for positive selection of human epidermal
      Langerhans and indeterminate cells. Epidermal cells in suspension are
      successively incubated with a murine monoclonal anti-T6 antibody of the IgG1
      subclass and then with magnetic beads coated with a sheep anti-mouse IgG1.
      Rosetted cells are obtained and then easily separated from the non-rosetted cells
      using a magnet. The two cell fractions are characterized by phase contrast
      microscopy, immunofluorescence, electron microscopy, and the skin cell-lymphocyte
      reaction. All the rosetted cells (1.5 to 5% of the total epidermal cells) express
      T6 antigen by indirect immunofluorescence and under the electron microscope
      possess all the ultrastructural characteristics of Langerhans cells. Moreover,
      the rosetted Langerhans cells remain functional: Under the electron microscope
      they internalize by receptor-mediated endocytosis gold labeled anti-T6 antibody,
      and in the skin cell-lymphocyte reaction they stimulate allogeneic lymphocytes.
      In contrast, the rosette depleted cell fraction is deprived of T6 positive cells
      and unable to stimulate allogeneic lymphocytes. The immunomagnetic depletion of
      epidermal cells is a simple and rapid method to isolate functional human
      Langerhans cells with good yield and high purity (97%). This technique should be
      of value in the study of the pharmacology of Langerhans cells and in the
      investigation of the interactions of Langerhans cells with keratinocytes or
      lymphocytes.

PMID- 3411148
TI  - Infection and disease after perinatal exposure to Chlamydia trachomatis in
      Nairobi, Kenya.
AB  - A cohort of 49 infants exposed to maternal chlamydial infection and 40 nonexposed
      infants was studied after birth for a mean of 3.3 +/- 1.5 and 3 +/- 1.7 mo,
      respectively. Eighteen (37%) exposed infants had at least one positive culture
      for Chlamydia trachomatis, whereas C. trachomatis was not isolated from any of
      the nonexposed infants. Eighteen (37%) exposed infants developed ophthalmia
      neonatorum (n = 12) or infant conjunctivitis (n = 7), compared with six (15%) of
      the nonexposed infants (P = .04). Six (12%) exposed infants developed pneumonia,
      compared with none of the 40 nonexposed infants (P = .05). One infant in the
      exposed group died during follow-up. These results suggest that appreciable
      infant morbidity in Kenya may be associated with the high prevalence of maternal
      chlamydial infection.

PMID- 3411149
TI  - Effectiveness of roxithromycin for treating Isospora belli infection.

PMID- 3411150
TI  - Cryptosporidiosis and sinusitis in an immunodeficient adolescent.

PMID- 3411151
TI  - Disseminated candidiasis and gangrenous cholecystitis due to Candida spp.

PMID- 3411152
TI  - Bottled lemon juice--a cryptic source of invasive Candida infections in the
      immunocompromised host.

PMID- 3411153
TI  - Hair clipping: another hazard for granulocytopenic patients?

PMID- 3411154
TI  - Aztreonam therapy for experimental osteomyelitis caused by Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa.

PMID- 3411155
TI  - Complement enhancement of neutralizing antibody to the structural proteins of
      Chlamydia trachomatis.

PMID- 3411156
TI  - Isolation of spotted fever group rickettsiae from humans in Japan.

PMID- 3411157
TI  - Reappearance of hepatitis B virus in immune patients infected with the human
      immunodeficiency virus type 1.

PMID- 3411158
TI  - Food counseling for patients with AIDS.

PMID- 3411159
TI  - Clinical bleeding and beta-lactam antibiotics.

PMID- 3411160
TI  - Organ distribution of interferon after intravenous injection into active and
      hibernating spotted susliks.
AB  - Spotted suslik fibroblast interferon (SuIFN-beta) was given intravenously to
      animals active in summer and hibernating in winter. In both groups, most IFN was
      detectable in the serum 1 min after injection; in hibernating susliks, in spite
      of their arousal from hibernation, IFN remained detectable for a longer period in
      the serum. IFN was also detected in lungs, liver, spleen, and kidneys and in
      peritoneal washings. IFN levels in the organs were lower in hibernating susliks
      than in active ones, but, particularly in the spleen and kidneys, IFN remained
      detectable for longer in hibernating animals than in active susliks.

PMID- 3411162
TI  - Production of subtype-specific antipeptide antibodies to human interferon-alpha 1
      and -alpha 4.
AB  - Antibodies that are specific to the human interferon (IFN)-alpha 1 and -alpha 4
      subtypes have been produced by immunizing rabbits with two short synthetic
      peptides, corresponding to residues 99-111 of IFN-alpha 1 and residues 37-50 of
      IFN-alpha 4, respectively. The IFN-alpha 1 peptide has at least three closely
      clustered residues that are different from those in the other IFN-alpha subtypes,
      while the IFN-alpha 4 peptide has only two unique amino acid residues, separated
      by five common residues. The antibodies raised against the IFN-alpha 1 peptide
      react with recombinant human IFN-alpha 1 but do not cross-react with recombinant
      human IFN-alpha 4 or IFN-alpha 2. The antibodies raised against the IFN-alpha 4
      peptide react with IFN-alpha 4, cross-react with IFN-alpha 1 but not with IFN
      alpha 2; the affinity of the antibodies to IFN-alpha 1, however, is at least 10
      times lower than their affinity to IFN-alpha 4.

PMID- 3411161
TI  - Combined treatment of colon adenocarcinoma in rats with tumor necrosis factor and
      the interferon inducer ABPP.
AB  - It is well documented that the antitumor capacity of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)
      can be enhanced by interferons (IFNs), notably IFN-gamma. The aim of this study
      was to investigate the efficacy of a combined treatment with TNF and the IFN
      inducer 2-amino-5-bromo-6-phenyl-4-pyrimidinone (ABPP) on a transplantable colon
      carcinoma (CC531) in rats. The tumor was implanted under the kidney capsule of
      syngeneic rats; the tumors were removed a week after implantation and growth was
      assessed by weighing. The animals were treated with 1 microgram of TNF, given
      i.v. on days 0, 2, and 4; and with 250 mg/kg of ABPP, administered i.p. on days 0
      and 1. The results of two separate experiments indicated that both TNF and ABPP
      had a significant inhibitory effect on tumor growth. Combined, the two agents
      were found to act additively. In the dosage used, TNF toxicity was mild,
      transient, and not influenced by ABPP.

PMID- 3411163
TI  - Effect of glucocorticoid hormones on the growth of human fibroblast cells and
      interferon production.
AB  - Human diploid fibroblasts could be passaged serially on microcarriers and used as
      an efficient system for the bulk production of human interferon-beta (IFN-beta),
      provided that appropriate amounts of glucocorticoid hormones were added to the
      fetal bovine serum used in the medium; alternatively, precolostrum newborn calf
      serum, which has a relatively high content of hydrocortisone, could be used.

PMID- 3411164
TI  - Tetanus in leprosy patients: report of five cases.
AB  - It has long been noted that tetanus is rare in leprosy patients. Five cases of
      tetanus are reported in leprosy patients in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Although
      natural immunity to tetanus occurs and this appears to be higher in leprosy
      patients than in the general population, it is not completely protective. Further
      research on the relationship between tetanus and leprosy is indicated. Although
      firm epidemiologic data are lacking, it is prudent to give leprosy patients at
      least one dose of tetanus toxoid.

PMID- 3411165
TI  - Illness beliefs of leprosy patients: use of medical anthropology in clinical
      practice.
AB  - Illness beliefs of 61 patients identified as having leprosy were assessed by
      Kleinman's Explanatory Model Format. Our patients used a wide variety of
      etiologic theories which were grouped in categories such as venereal disease,
      heredity, dangerous food, sin, karma, and humoral disorders. Despite efforts at
      patient education, very few patients adopted the concept of bacterial infection
      to explain their illness. The patients identified their illness with a variety of
      different labels, some of which had associations with particular symptoms.
      Leprosy was perceived and experienced more as a series of acute disorders not
      necessarily related to one another. The various theories of illness were
      instrumental in directing treatment choices which included a number of indigenous
      healing practices. Such information may be useful in improving patient care and
      compliance by providing practitioners with interpretive strategies for
      communicating with their patients.

PMID- 3411166
TI  - Cataract surgery on leprosy patients.
AB  - All patients who had cataract surgery at the Schieffelin Leprosy Research and
      Training Centre, Karigiri, India, between January 1979 and April 1985 were
      studied to find out the outcome of that surgery. These patients included 291
      leprosy cases and 89 nonleprosy cases. Postoperative complications were slightly
      higher among leprosy patients compared to the nonleprosy cases. Visual recovery
      was marred by preoperative corneal opacities in some of the leprosy patients.
      Eyes with chronic insidious type of iridocyclitis did not produce any devastating
      results postoperatively. Patients whose skin smears were still positive for
      leprosy bacilli did not show any major complication. All leprosy patients should
      be offered the benefit of cataract surgery for restoring sight because blindness
      in leprosy would mean a double handicap if they are already suffering from
      insensitive, deformed hands and feet.

PMID- 3411167
TI  - Lepromatous meningoencephalitis in the nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus
      novemcinctus).
AB  - The brains from 10 nine-banded armadillos with lepromatous leprosy were studied
      histopathologically. All of them showed evidence of lepromatous meningitis. In
      two there was invasion by Mycobacterium leprae into the brain tissue, with
      neuronal cells and glial cells containing intracellular bacilli. To our
      knowledge, this is the first report of meningoencephalitis in a lepromatous nine
      banded armadillo.

PMID- 3411168
TI  - Reproducibility of histology in leprosy lesions.
AB  - The variability of three commonly used histological parameters in leprosy
      histology was examined within and between lesions on individual patients by
      taking two biopsies, either from opposing edges of the same lesion or from the
      edge of two separate lesions. There was little variation in granuloma fraction
      (GF), bacterial index (BI), or histological classification on the Ridley-Jopling
      scale between biopsies from opposing edges of the same lesion, but there was
      considerable variation in the GF between biopsies from the edge of different
      lesions. A lesser degree of variation was seen in the BI between different
      lesions, and there was little difference in histological classification between
      established lesions. Thus, it appears that local factors influence the size of
      the leprosy granuloma, but its histological composition and bacterial load are
      determined systemically.

PMID- 3411169
TI  - An electronic device for repetitive auditory cues.

PMID- 3411170
TI  - Leprous neuritis, classification of leprosy, and multidrug therapy.

PMID- 3411171
TI  - Evaluation of Chang's culture medium for mouse in vitro fertilization and
      embryonic development.
AB  - Chang's medium [with and without human serum (HS)] was compared with T6 medium
      [with and without bovine serum albumin (BSA)] for in vitro fertilization (IVF)
      and development of two-cell mouse embryos to the blastocyst stage. Chang's medium
      without any supplementation gave significantly better fertilization rates (83.3%)
      than Chang's with 10% HS (76.4%) or T6 and BSA (76.6%) (P less than 0.01). In a
      separate experiment 87.7% of the two-cell mouse embryos developed to the
      blastocyst stage in Chang's medium, compared to 90.6% for T6 with BSA and 93.6%
      without BSA, respectively (P greater than 0.01). In Chang's medium supplemented
      with 10% HS, 76.6% of the embryos developed to the blastocyst stage and 17.2%
      stopped development after the morula stage. After 72 hr in vitro hatched
      trophoblast and inner-cell-mass cells from 26.5 and 30.8% of the embryos grown in
      Chang's medium (with and without HS) attached to the plastic culture dishes and
      grew to form a mixed monolayer of epithelioid and fibroblastic cells. Chang's
      medium can thus be successfully used for IVF and growth of mammalian embryos.
      Further, inner cell mass and trophoblast cell lines could be established for
      various reproductive studies using this medium.

PMID- 3411172
TI  - Psychotic reaction after in vitro fertilization (IVF)

PMID- 3411173
TI  - Initial results of an office-based in Vitro Fertilization Program at West
      Reading, Pennsylvania.

PMID- 3411175
TI  - Applications of micromanipulation to human in vitro fertilization.

PMID- 3411174
TI  - In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) and Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer (GIFT) Programs
      at Fertility Associates, Auckland, New Zealand.

PMID- 3411176
TI  - Influences of prolactin upon spermatogenesis and spermatozoa during in vitro
      fertilization in mice.
AB  - Hyperprolactinemia, induced by pituitary isografts for 20 weeks in male mice and
      confirmed by radioimmunoassay using anti-mouse prolactin serum, did not impair
      spermatogenesis in the testis and maturing processes of spermatozoa in the
      epididymis. Incubation of freshly obtained epididymal spermatozoa for 90 min in
      culture media containing various levels of mouse prolactin did not yield any
      adverse effects on percentage motility rates of epididymal spermatozoa. When the
      level of mouse prolactin in the preincubation medium for epididymal spermatozoa
      was 100 ng/ml, the rate of fertilization by these preincubated spermatozoa in the
      subsequent in vitro fertilization experiment was significantly lowered compared
      with that observed in controls. However, when the level of prolactin in
      preincubation media was 10 ng/ml, no significant reduction in the rate of
      fertilization occurred. The present experiments seem to indicate the existence of
      some differences in the effects of prolactin on male germ cells until they reach
      the tail of the epididymis and on the processes of capacitation and/or
      fertilization by epididymal spermatozoa after they leave the epididymis.

PMID- 3411177
TI  - A rapid sperm motility bioassay procedure for quality-control testing of water
      and culture media.
AB  - A rapid bioassay procedure is described for quality-control testing water and
      apparatus used in the preparation of media for gamete and embryo culture. This
      bioassay is based on the sensitivity of hamster epididymal spermatozoa to
      contaminants present in water and/or in the culture apparatus. The bioassay is
      usually performed using a modified Tyrode's solution as the sperm culture medium,
      although complex media can be used. The sensitivity of this test is greatly
      enhanced by the absence of protein in the medium. The bioassay has been used to
      detect impurities in water prepared by a standard cartridge filtration system and
      to verify that reverse-osmosis pretreatment of water could eliminate the problem.
      It has also detected toxic contaminants leached from syringe filters during
      medium sterilization. The bioassay is simple to perform and can be completed in 1
      working day. It may be a useful alternative to the conventional mouse embryo
      tests that are in widespread use in human in vitro fertilization (IVF)
      laboratories.

PMID- 3411178
TI  - Deterioration of stored culture media as monitored by a sperm motility bioassay.
AB  - A hamster sperm motility bioassay was used to monitor medium quality during
      storage. The media studied were (1) TL-PVA, a modified Tyrode's solution; (2) TLP
      PVA, a defined medium that supports hamster sperm motility but does not support
      capacitation; and (3) TALP-PVA (TLP-PVA + serum albumin), which supports hamster
      sperm survival and capacitation. Each medium was stored at 5 and -20 degrees C
      and tested every two weeks. All of the media deteriorated with increased storage
      time, but at different rates (TLP-PVA greater than TL-PVA greater than TALP-PVA).
      The deterioration of the media correlated with an increase in pH during storage,
      probably due to a loss of CO2 and bicarbonate. Albumin, added after storage, was
      able to rescue frozen TL-PVA.

PMID- 3411179
TI  - Luteal-phase support in stimulated cycles in an in vitro fertilization/embryo
      transfer program: progesterone versus human chorionic gonadotropin.
AB  - A study was undertaken to compare the hormonal parameters [serum concentrations
      of estradiol (E2), and progesterone (P) and P/E2 ratios] of patients undergoing
      in vitro fertilization/embryo transfer to whom either progesterone in oil or
      human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) was administered as luteal support. Seventeen
      patients were studied in 20 cycles. In 10 randomly assigned cycles 25 mg of
      intramuscular progesterone in oil was administered daily from the day of embryo
      transfer (day +4) until day +18. In the other 10 cycles, 1500 IU of hCG was given
      intramuscularly on days +4, +7, +10, and +13. Even when accounting for the
      differences in recruitment in the two groups, the hCG-treated group had
      significantly higher concentrations of serum P (P less than 0.01) and E2 (P less
      than 0.05) during the luteal phase. The luteal P/E2 ratios were higher in the
      progesterone-treated group because of the lower E2 levels in that group, although
      the difference was not statistically significant. The ratio of the mean luteal P
      to the preovulatory serum E2 was significantly higher in the hCG-treated group (P
      less than 0.01). There were three clinical pregnancies in the hCG-treated group.
      We conclude that (1) higher P concentrations are achieved with hCG treatment than
      with progesterone treatment during the luteal phase; (2) high luteal P/E2 ratios
      per se may not be an important determinant of implantation; (3) progesterone
      production by the corpus luteum is not maximal in progesterone-treated cycles;
      and (4) the usefulness of hCG as a luteal support agent should be further
      evaluated.

PMID- 3411180
TI  - The effect of cryopreservation on functional correlates of embryo integrity.
AB  - To assess possible functional effects of the procedures involved in
      freezing/thawing of mammalian embryos, uptake of 3H-glycine and 125I-BSA (bovine
      serum albumin) was measured in mouse two-cell embryos and morulae before and
      after freezing. None of the procedures of dehydration, rehydration, or freezing
      affected glycine uptake significantly. Earlier results for uptake of 125I-BSA by
      fresh embryos which indicated an increase in endocytic activity between morula
      and blastocyst stages were confirmed, and hydrolysis of endocytosed 125I-BSA by
      morulae but not two-cell embryos was observed. Only 53 +/- 9% of two-cell embryos
      but 83 +/- 7% of morulae were apparently normal after freezing and thawing.
      Apparently normal frozen/thawed two-cell embryos were twice as active in 125I-BSA
      uptake as controls. This was not the case for morulae. The results suggest that
      freezing/thawing effects endocytotic processes in two-cell embryos but not
      morulae.

PMID- 3411181
TI  - Cryopreservation of in vitro-fertilized human embryos: histologic and cytogenetic
      analysis of an ectopic conceptus.
AB  - In this study, 39 embryos from 17 patients were cryopreserved in a Planer R204
      cell freezer using the protocol of Mohr et al. (J Vitro Fert Embryo Transfer 2:1
      10, 1985). The procedure was modified by supplementing the cryoprotectant with
      10% heat-inactivated and filtered (0.22 micron) maternal serum instead of fetal
      calf serum, and embryos were frozen in 500-microliter plastic straws instead of
      glass ampoules. After 12-25 weeks of storage in liquid nitrogen, 12 embryos from
      six patients were thawed at 8.0 degrees C min to room temperature, incubated in
      75% maternal serum with Ham's F-10, and replaced in utero. One pregnancy
      occurred. The patient was a 34-year-old nulligravida with occluded fallopian
      tubes. A year prior, she conceived triplets from three embryos during an in vitro
      fertilization (IVF) cycle, but she delivered at 21 weeks and the infants did not
      survive. The second IVF attempt produced four embryos. Two were replaced during
      the IVF cycle, but they did not implant. Two were cryopreserved and replaced 25
      weeks later. On day 28 after replacement, beta human chorionic gonadotropin (beta
      hCG) was 4126 IU, but there was no gestational sac in utero on ultrasonographic
      examination. Laparoscopy disclosed a right tubal pregnancy which was removed with
      the fallopian tube. Histological examination demonstrated normal chorionic villi.
      The chromosomal pattern was 46 XX by direct analysis and cell culture.

PMID- 3411182
TI  - Anal epidermoid carcinoma: a population-based clinico-pathological study of 164
      patients.
AB  - The clinical and pathological features of 164 patients with anal epidermoid
      carcinoma were investigated in a population-based study between 1978 and 1984.
      Twenty-three tumours, the majority of which were small and well differentiated
      squamous cell carcinomas, were situated in the perianal region. Twenty of these
      patients are alive and disease-free. Of 141 tumours in the anal canal two-thirds
      were of the cloacogenic type, i.e. displaying transitional cell differentiation.
      The overall 5-year survival was between 40 and 50% for both cloacogenic and
      squamous cell carcinomas, respectively. However, poorly differentiated squamous
      cell carcinomas and cloacogenic carcinomas without any squamous cell
      differentiation (subtype A) had a more aggressive course, especially in men, than
      the other subgroups. Clinical stage also had an impact on prognosis. Both stage,
      sex, degree of differentiation and histologic subtypes revealed independent
      prognostic information. Although the primary aim of this study was not to
      evaluate therapy, it was noted that patients primarily treated with irradiation
      (with or without chemotherapy) had a more favourable course than patients treated
      with surgery alone.

PMID- 3411183
TI  - The role of the liver in the protection by elemental diets against experimental
      colon cancer.
AB  - This study investigates the mechanism whereby the elemental diet 'Vivonex'
      protects against experimental colon cancer. A total of 240 Wistar rats were
      randomly allocated to three dietary groups: (A) Vivonex HN, (B) Vivonex HN with
      0.05% added cholesterol and (C) control standard powdered diet. All received a
      colon cancer-producing regimen of dimethylhydrazine (DMH) at a dose of 40 mg/kg
      BW, s.c., once weekly for 5 weeks. Ten weeks following the first DMH injection,
      then at 5 weekly intervals until the 40th week, 10 randomly selected rats from
      each dietary group were weighed, killed and necropsied. Total liver weights were
      recorded with samples kept for total lipid extraction and cholesterol and
      phospholipid assay. Each colon underwent macroscopic examination and all
      neoplasms were recorded. Results showed that control rats had a constant total
      liver lipid content over the 40 weeks and an increased incidence, number and
      development of colonic neoplasms with time. In contrast, Vivonex fed rats had
      significantly elevated total liver lipids, cholesterol and phospholipids over the
      40 weeks compared to controls and a significantly reduced number and rate of
      development of colonic neoplasms. Rats fed on Vivonex + cholesterol had total
      liver lipids intermediate and significantly different from both the Vivonex and
      control groups and a similar result was seen in tumour development with time.
      This study shows that a Vivonex diet results in an increase in hepatic lipids,
      this effect being partially reversed with dietary cholesterol. The protective
      effect of Vivonex feeding in the DMH model of colon cancer may thus be mediated
      in part by the liver.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3411184
TI  - Sclerotherapy of rectal varices.
AB  - Rectal varices represent a rare condition even in cases of portal hypertension. A
      case of bleeding ano-rectal varices presenting as the first manifestation of
      portal hypertension is reported. Treatment by sclerotherapy was successful.

PMID- 3411185
TI  - Is the Kock pouch still a viable option?

PMID- 3411186
TI  - Symposium. Proctography.

PMID- 3411187
TI  - Sympathetic nervous influence on the internal anal sphincter and rectum in man.
AB  - The effect of sympathetic nerve block and efferent stimulation of the sympathetic
      nerves on anorectal motility was studied in 21 patients undergoing operation for
      rectal carcinoma. Anal pressure and rectal volume were simultaneously recorded
      before and after epidural anaesthesia and during nerve stimulation. Efferent
      electrical stimulation of the presacral hypogastric nerves (HGN) elicited a
      contraction of the internal anal sphincter (IAS) in 13 out of 15 patients. The
      contraction was preceded by a relaxation in seven patients. In the rectum
      stimulation of the HGN caused variable responses. A weak contraction was the most
      frequent response. Efferent stimulation of the periarterial lumbar colonic nerves
      (LCN) elicited a clear-cut contraction of the IAS, while rectal motor responses
      were only occasionally observed. Epidural anaesthesia encompassing the thoraco
      lumbar region (EDA), when used to block the sympathetic discharge to the IAS and
      the rectum, caused a reduction of anal pressure (28 +/- 11%) and an increased
      rectal tone. The results imply that the human IAS receives a sympathetic
      excitatory innervation via both the HGN and the LCN. Furthermore, it appears that
      the HGN convey inhibitory fibres to the IAS. The rectal responses to EDA and
      sympathetic nerve stimulation also indicate the presence of both excitatory and
      inhibitory neurones in the sympathetic nerve supply to the rectum in man.

PMID- 3411188
TI  - The functional results after colectomy and ileorectal anastomosis for severe
      constipation (Arbuthnot Lane's disease) as related to rectal sensory function.
AB  - Rectoanal manovolumetry during graded isobaric rectal distension was carried out
      in 12 women with severe constipation classified as slow transit constipation
      (Arbuthnot Lane's disease). The resting anal sphincter pressure, the rectoanal
      inhibitory reflex and the rectal capacity were all normal. While the distension
      volumes required to elicit sensation of rectal filling and an urge to defaecate
      were within normal limits in all patients the distension pressures required to
      elicit such sensations fell outside the 95% limits of variation of control
      subjects in 4 patients. All patients were subsequently subjected to colectomy and
      ileorectal anastomosis. Patients with normal rectal sensory function had a
      satisfactory functional result after colectomy, whereas the four patients with
      blunted sensation did not improve. These findings suggest that rectoanal
      manovolumetry with determination of the distension pressures required to elicit
      rectal sensation is an important preoperative measure to be used in patients with
      severe constipation for selection of patients suitable for colectomy and
      ileorectal anastomosis.

PMID- 3411189
TI  - Models for oxidant-induced disease.

PMID- 3411190
TI  - Patients with hemophilia B (Christmas disease) who have anti-factor IX: genetic
      heterogeneity.

PMID- 3411191
TI  - Importance of hydrogen peroxide in nitrofurantoin-induced cytotoxicity: evidence
      from an inbred catalase-deficient strain of mice.
AB  - Significant pulmonary toxicity is associated with the use of nitrofurantoin;
      however, the mechanism of cellular toxicity remains poorly characterized. By
      using a novel in vitro red blood cell (RBC) chromium 51 cytotoxicity assay, cell
      injury induced by nitrofurantoin was quantified with normocatalasemic BALB/c RBCs
      and hypocatalasemic (but otherwise genetically identical) CCN RBCs as target cell
      populations. Nitrofurantoin at concentrations of 2 x 10(-4) and 4 x 10(-4) mol/L
      resulted in significant injury to normocatalasemic RBCs with a cytotoxic index
      (CI) of 21.7% +/- 3.7% and 65.3% +/- 3.7% (p less than 0.05, both comparisons).
      This injury was substantially increased when nitrofurantoin (2 x 10(-4) and 4 x
      10(-4) mol/L was incubated with hypocatalasemic RBCs, resulting in CIs of 59.0%
      +/- 7.4% and 91.0% +/- 2.0% respectively (p less than 0.05, both comparisons with
      normocatalasemic RBCs). Direct oxidant-mediated cytotoxicity induced by either
      H2O2 or the superoxide anion radical (as generated by xanthine-xanthine oxidase)
      also resulted in more significant injury to hypocatalasemic RBCs than to
      normocatalasemic RBCs (p less than 0.05, both comparisons). Catalase levels of
      CCN RBCs were approximately 7% of control BALB/c RBC values; however, the
      activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were identical in
      both populations of RBCs. This model, using genetically defined target cell
      populations, clearly demonstrates the importance of endogenous catalase in
      protecting against nitrofurantoin-induced cytotoxicity, suggesting that H2O2 is a
      critical intermediary in the direct cell injury mediated by the drug.

PMID- 3411192
TI  - DNA analysis of seven patients with hemophilia B who have anti-factor IX
      antibodies: relationship to clinical manifestations and evidence that the
      abnormal gene was inherited.
AB  - We have investigated genomic DNA samples of 24 patients with hemophilia B (factor
      IX deficiency), including seven patients with anti-factor IX antibodies
      (inhibitors), by molecular probes. Seventeen patients without inhibitors against
      factor IX and three patients with inhibitor showed no abnormalities in their
      restriction fragments generated by digestions of the genomic DNA by BamHl, EcoRl,
      Mspl, or Taql and hybridized with a factor IX cDNA probe (pHFIX). The remaining
      four patients with inhibitors were found to have gross deletions of the factor IX
      gene. Among those four patients, two were from the same family. Quantitative
      Southern blotting clearly showed that the abnormal gene was inherited in this
      family. DNA from the mother of another patient with deletion of the factor IX
      gene showed normal gene dosage, indicating that the mutation must have occurred
      at the mother's germ cells. The genomic DNA samples of four patients with gross
      factor IX gene deletions were found to lack the entire factor IX gene as analyzed
      with a factor IX cDNA as well as with a 3'-genomic factor IX fragment as probes.
      The hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) gene probe, however, was found
      to hybridize with all of these DNA samples, indicating that the deletions in
      these genomic DNA samples had not extended to the region containing the HPRT gene
      locus in q27 proximal to the factor IX gene locus on the X chromosome. Several
      clinical characteristics were compared between inhibitor cases with gene deletion
      and inhibitor cases without obvious gene deletion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3411193
TI  - Coronary angiography during acute myocardial infarction in dogs: comparison of
      the hemodynamic effects of ionic and nonionic contrast media.
AB  - We compared the hemodynamic effects during coronary angiography of three nonionic
      contrast media, iopamidol, iohexol, and ioversol, with each other as well as with
      the standard ionic contrast medium containing 66% diatrizoate meglumine and 10%
      diatrizoate sodium (Hypaque-76) in the presence of a left anterior descending
      coronary artery occlusion in dogs. In 13 opened-chest anesthetized dogs, we
      recorded the maximal change in left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), mean
      aortic pressure (MAP), left ventricular diastolic pressure (LVDP) and rate of
      rise in left ventricular pressure (LV dp/dt) during left main coronary artery
      injections of 10 ml each of Hypaque-76, iopamidol, iohexol, and loversal 1 hour
      after left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion. The changes in LVSP and
      MAP were, respectively, -29 +/- 12 mm Hg and -21 +/- 11 mm Hg with Hypaque-76, 3
      +/- 6.6 mm Hg and -0.2 +/- 3.6 mm Hg with iopamidol, 4.8 +/- 8.6 mm Hg and 0.5 +/
      4 mm Hg with iohexol, and -0.8 +/- 6 mm Hg and -1.5 +/- 33 mm Hg with ioversal
      (p less than 0.001). The change in LVDP was 5.4 +/- 4.4 mm Hg with Hypaque-76 but
      -1.5 +/- 3.1 mm Hg with iopamidol, -1.7 +/- 2.4 mm Hg with iohexol, and -0.5 +/-
      2.5 mm Hg with ioversol (p less than 0.001). The LV dp/dt decreased 682 +/- 318
      mm Hg/sec with Hypaque-76, but increased 412 +/- 297 mm Hg/sec with iopamidol,
      350 +/- 214 mm Hg/sec with iohexol, and 293 +/- 191 mm Hg/sec with ioversol (p
      less than 0.001). Thus, each nonionic agent produced significantly fewer
      hemodynamic abnormalities than Hypaque-76. There was no significant difference
      between any of the nonionic agents on any hemodynamic parameter. These agents may
      be preferable in patients with acute myocardial infarction or significantly
      impaired myocardial function.

PMID- 3411195
TI  - Red cell density is sex and race dependent in the adult.
AB  - Using a highly sensitive method for the determination of red cell densities
      (Percoll-Stractan continuous isopyknic gradients), we find that, in adults, this
      parameter varies with sex and race. Whites have red cell densities (expressed as
      mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration [MCHC]) that are, on the average, 0.7
      gm/dl higher than those in blacks (the difference of the means has p less than 2
      x 10(-7]. White men have, on the average, 0.6 gm/dl higher MCHC than white women
      (the difference of the means has p less than 6 x 10(-5]. We find a strong
      correlation between all red cell densities and intracellular K+ and a slightly
      weaker correlation between red cell density and intracellular Na+ + K+. Men have
      an average intraerythrocytic K+ that is approximately 4.5 mmol/L of red cells
      less than that of women among whites as well as blacks (p less than 10(-5) and p
      less than 9 x 10(-4), respectively). Blacks have significantly higher plasma
      ferritin levels than do whites (in addition to the sex difference). Future work
      will have to dissect the possible causes of these differences, which include the
      high incidence of deletional alpha-thalassemia (-a/aa) among blacks,
      menstruation, hormonal effects, and the red cell transport and volume regulation
      differences between sexes and races. Whatever the cause of the sex and racial
      differences reported here, they are bound to affect the pathophysiologic
      expression of genetic red cell diseases that are particularly sensitive to the
      MCHC, such as the sickle cell syndromes.

PMID- 3411194
TI  - Effect of cyclosporine on urinary kallikrein excretion in patients with
      rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - The effect of cyclosporine (6 to 8 mg/kg/day) on urinary kallikrein excretion was
      examined in 10 patients with rheumatoid arthritis by using a radioimmunoassay for
      kallikrein, a product of renal tubular biosynthesis. All patients had baseline
      values of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) within the normal range.
      The group had a mean baseline kallikrein excretion of 98.30 +/- 29.98
      micrograms/24 hours (mean +/- SEM), and 3 and 6 months after therapy was
      initiated, kallikrein excretion was 44% and 46% of baseline, respectively (p less
      than 0.01). The five patients who had a normal mean baseline kallikrein excretion
      rate (106.60 +/- 15.21 micrograms/24 hr) excreted significantly less (p less than
      0.05) kallikrein 3 and 6 months after therapy was initiated (56.60 +/- 3.98
      micrograms/24 hr and 34.50 +/- 11.02 micrograms/24 hr, respectively), as did one
      patient with an elevated baseline kallikrein. All six of these individuals
      completed the protocol. In a subgroup of four patients with low baseline levels
      (28.25 +/- 5.06 micrograms/24 hr), two individuals experienced elevations of BUN
      such that cyclosporine was discontinued; in the two who completed the protocol,
      there was some further decrement in kallikrein excretion. Kallikrein excretion
      increased in all patients after a 3-month washout period. During a low-dose (3
      mg/kg/day) open extension study that followed the initial trial, kallikrein
      excretion was determined monthly. Seven episodes in which kallikrein excretion
      decreased in six patients by 44% +/- 18% over a 1-month interval preceded any
      increase in serum creatinine by 1 to 4 months.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3411196
TI  - Hemoglobin distribution width: a rapid assessment of dense red cells in the
      steady state and during painful crisis in sickle cell anemia.
AB  - Hemoglobin distribution width (HDW) is a measurement of the heterogeneity of the
      red cell hemoglobin concentration as determined by the Technicon H1 automatic
      counter. The utility of this measurement for patients with sickle cell disease
      was assessed in 275 samples from 61 patients. We found that patients with sickle
      cell disease in steady state had an elevated HDW (3.89 +/- 0.82 gm/dl) compared
      with the normal range of 2.2 to 3.2 gm/dl, and that this value correlated
      strongly with the number of dense red cells (r = 0.72, p less than 1 x 10(-10].
      When HDW was determined daily for patients with SS in painful crisis, the decline
      in dense cells observed during this event was paralleled by a decrease in HDW.
      The percent of dense cells fell from steady state levels of 10.0% +/- 9.5% to
      5.7% +/- 4.9% at the beginning (days 1 through 3) to 3.1% +/- 2.0% at the end of
      painful crisis (days 6 through 9). HDW decreased from the steady state value of
      3.89 +/- 0.82 gm/dl to 3.44 +/- 0.73 gm/dl at the beginning of crisis and fell
      further to 3.14 +/- 0.40 gm/dl at the end. We conclude that HDW is a rapid and
      reliable assessment of the percent of dense cells in sickle cell disease and is a
      useful objective parameter to follow in sickle cell crisis.

PMID- 3411197
TI  - Glutathione concentrations in rat lung bronchoalveolar lavage fluid: effects of
      hyperoxia.
AB  - Glutathione concentrations were measured in rat bronchoalveolar lavage fluid
      (BALF) obtained from normal rats and rats exposed to a fraction of inspired
      oxygen (FiO2) of 0.8 for up to 5 days. We also perturbed rat lung glutathione
      concentrations by administering the compound diisopropylidene acetone (phorone)
      to a separate group of animals and correlated changes in BALF glutathione with
      changes in lung tissue glutathione. We found that reduced glutathione is present
      in normal rat BALF but glutathione disulfide is extremely low. Increases in lung
      tissue glutathione concentration and in BALF glutathione concentration occurred
      after 5 days of exposure to hyperoxia. Animals treated with phorone exhibited
      decreases in lung glutathione concentration two hours after dosing and increases
      in lung glutathione concentration 24 hours after dosing. Rat BALF obtained from
      phorone-treated animals at 2 or 24 hours after administration revealed that
      changes in BALF glutathione concentrations reflected changes in lung tissue
      glutathione concentration. The presence of glutathione in lung lavage fluid
      suggests that the compound could be playing an extracellular role in the lung,
      either as an antioxidant or as a coenzyme for other glutathione-related enzymatic
      reactions.

PMID- 3411198
TI  - Role of cecal pH in intestinal oxalate absorption in the rat.
AB  - Hyperoxaluria occurs with many gastrointestinal disorders complicated by
      malabsorption. This hyperoxaluria is known to be the result of increased colonic
      absorption of dietary oxalate. Proposed mechanisms for this effect include
      alterations in fecal fatty acids, alterations in fecal bile acids, and
      acidification of colonic pH. Using an animal model of lactulose-induced chronic
      colonic acidification, we examined the effect of pH on oxalate absorption in
      vivo. Rats were fed a diet containing 6.77 mg oxalate per day with and without
      lactulose. Cecal pH of the animals receiving lactulose was significantly lower
      than controls (4.90 +/- 0.42 vs 7.17 +/- 0.38; p less than 0.001). Urinary
      excretion of oxalate was significantly greater in animals receiving the lactulose
      diet than in controls (0.975 +/- 0.144 vs 0.844 +/- 0.172 mg oxalate per day; p
      less than 0.001). These results demonstrate that acidification of the colon
      results in a significant increase in urinary oxalate excretion. Thus,
      acidification of the colon may be an important factor in the pathogenesis of
      enteric hyperoxaluria.

PMID- 3411199
TI  - Sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis in rats induced by long-term intraperitoneal
      administration of antiseptics.
AB  - Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) is an effective long-term
      treatment for renal failure. Sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis (SEP) is a rare
      but devastating complication of CAPD and may be caused by long-term peritoneal
      antiseptic exposure. We examined the peritoneal injury resulting from daily
      inoculations of moderately high concentrations of the following antiseptics:
      povidone-iodine, Dakin's solution, Amuchina, and Ampercide. After 4, 8, and 12
      weeks of daily intraperitoneal injections in rats, a 10% solution of povidone
      iodine in dialysis fluid caused a condition that mirrors human SEP. Animals had
      poor early weight gain, and gross necropsy examination revealed intestinal
      adhesions and a mesothelium that was sclerotically thickened. From 4 to 8 weeks
      the 10% povidone-iodine-injected animals showed progressive conditions and the
      prevalence of multiple encapsulating adhesions increased from 0/6 to 4/4, p =
      0.005. Marked visceral mesothelial thickening in the 10% povidone-iodine-injected
      animals was quantitated after 4, 8, and 12 weeks at 92.0 +/- 11.6, 151.5 +/-
      28.8, and 206.0 +/- 36.2 micron, respectively. Rats injected with dialysis fluid
      (controls) had normal-appearing mesothelial surfaces measured at 1.8 +/- 0.2, 2.4
      +/- 0.2, and 2.2 +/- 0.2 micron after 4, 8, and 12 weeks, respectively. The
      marked thickening of the mesothelium in the 10% povidone-iodine group compared
      with the controls was highly significant, p less than 10(-8). We conclude that
      povidone-iodine, the most commonly used antiseptic in CAPD, caused severe tissue
      injury, whereas other antiseptic solutions, Dakin's, Amuchina, and Ampercide, at
      the similar dilution did not appear to cause mesothelial injury.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3411201
TI  - Using a questionnaire to ascertain hypertensive patients' knowledge.

PMID- 3411200
TI  - Is skeletal response to parathyroid hormone abnormal in experimental renal
      failure?
AB  - It is widely believed that skeletal resistance is the mechanism of impaired
      calcemic response to parathyroid hormone (PTH) in renal failure. The action of
      PTH not only involves skeletal mobilization of Ca, it may also stimulate
      intestinal absorption of Ca and renal conservation of Ca. We have examined each
      of these factors and studied the calcemic response to PTH in renal failure. PTH,
      3 U/hr/100 gm, was infused for 5 hours in rats with renal failure 3 weeks after a
      five-sixths nephrectomy. In nonfasted animals, the post-PTH increments of total
      plasma Ca (0.71 +/- 0.06 mg/dl) and ionized Ca (0.37 +/- 0.06 mg/dl) of control
      sham-operated rats were significantly greater than those of rats with renal
      failure (plasma Ca 0.37 +/- 0.02 mg/dl and plasma ionized Ca 0.17 +/- 0.01 mg/dl
      both p less than 0.001). Urinary Ca excretion rate remained unchanged during PTH
      infusion despite the increase in plasma Ca. Plasma levels of calcitriol after PTH
      injection were higher in control rats (257 +/- 18 pg/ml) than in rats with renal
      failure (162 +/- 5 pg/ml, p less than 0.001). Pretreatment of rats with renal
      failure with 50 ng calcitriol intravenously corrected the abnormal calcemic
      response to PTH. To exclude the PTH effect on intestinal Ca absorption, PTH
      infusion was carried out in animals fasted for 18 hours. The post-PTH increments
      of Ca were no longer different between rats with renal failure (plasma Ca 0.37 +/
      0.04 mg/dl, plasma ionized Ca 0.20 +/- 0.01 mg/dl) and control rats (plasma Ca
      0.37 +/- 0.03 mg/dl, plasma ionized Ca 0.19 +/- 0.01), suggesting that skeletal
      mobilization of Ca was similar between the two groups of animals. We conclude
      that lack of intestinal response to PTH rather than skeletal resistance was the
      mechanism of impaired calcemic response to PTH in this model of renal failure.

PMID- 3411203
TI  - Marketing of medical services and solicitation for patients.

PMID- 3411202
TI  - Hyperthyroid crisis.

PMID- 3411204
TI  - Wax plugs and cotton buds.
AB  - Three hundred and ten patients were examined by otoscopy. Age, sex, social class
      and use of cotton buds for aural toilet were recorded. The incidence of visually
      occlusive wax plugs in the external auditory canals was not significantly
      different between users and non-users of cotton buds, either in children or in
      adults.

PMID- 3411205
TI  - Pseudomonas vaccination in chronic ear disease.
AB  - This paper presents the results of a pilot study of vaccination in thirteen
      patients with chronically infected mastoid cavities or central perforations of
      the tympanic membrane. In each patient Pseudomonas aeruginosa was repeatedly
      cultured from the ear and a long list of medical and surgical treatments had been
      tried, without success, to control the infection. The clinical, bacteriological
      and immunological responses were monitored over a six-month period. The results
      are extremely encouraging. Eight patients' ears became dry for the first time in
      many years. However, three months after vaccination three ears had become
      reinfected. All of the patients except one had a good immunological response to
      vaccination, with many-fold increases in the total serum immunoglobulin G, A and
      M levels.

PMID- 3411206
TI  - Tumours of the mastoid temporal bone: with interesting cases in the paediatric
      age group.
AB  - Tumours of the mastoid temporal bone are interesting clinical entities owing to
      their rarity. A wide variety of benign and malignant tumours occur in and around
      the temporal bone reflecting the complicated embryological origin and resultant
      diversity of tumours found in the area. Friedmann (1974), in a classification of
      tumours of the ear, has grouped some tumours as intermediate in variety, e.g.
      glomus jugulare tumour, in addition to various benign and malignant tumours.
      Metastatic deposits from various distant organs such as the lung, breast and
      kidney can occur in the mastoid bone (Schucknecht, 1968). Invasive tumours can
      spread to the mastoid bone from adjacent areas such as neoplasms of the parotid
      and cranium.

PMID- 3411207
TI  - Inferior turbinectomy: is the risk of haemorrhage overstressed?

PMID- 3411209
TI  - Weight gain in children following tonsillectomy.
AB  - There is much controversial evidence that children gain weight to a significant
      extent following tonsillectomy, usually associated with a general improvement in
      health. One hundred and nine consecutive children undergoing tonsillectomy in
      Dundee for recurrent tonsillitis had their weight recorded pre-operatively, and
      twelve months after surgery were re-weighed and a symptom chart completed. The
      results showed the patients were generally not underweight before surgery as
      their median weight was on the 55th. percentile. Most parents reported an
      improvement in their child's appetite with a reduction in the number of sore
      throats after surgery. Their weights following surgery had increased by an
      average of 20 per cent over what would normally have been expected, but this
      increase in weight was not confined to underweight children, but to the entire
      group.

PMID- 3411208
TI  - The effect of inhaled steroids on the upper respiratory tract.
AB  - The incidence of upper respiratory tract Candidiasis secondary to steroid aerosol
      treatment is disputed, and varies from series to series. We found a very low
      incidence of thrush, but a significant number of abnormalities of the upper
      respiratory tract in a random selection of asthmatics on steroid inhaler. A
      minority had positive Candida cultures, but 37 per cent had symptoms which were
      minor and self-limiting, but a complaint of hoarseness in asthmatics on steroid
      inhalers should be referred to a laryngologist, even if there is no evidence of
      fungal infection in order to ascertain the nature of the laryngeal abnormality,
      such as adductor cord paralysis, or even carcinoma. This study also implies that
      the history from a patient with laryngeal or pharyngeal symptoms is incomplete
      unless the patient's aerosol medication is also taken into account, as signs and
      symptoms in this group of patients are usually reversible when alternative
      treatment for asthma is instituted.

PMID- 3411210
TI  - The flora of the tonsil and post-operative fossa in adult tonsillectomy patients.

PMID- 3411211
TI  - Bipedal myocutaneous flap for one-stage reconstruction of the cheek after cancer
      surgery.

PMID- 3411212
TI  - Pleomorphic adenomas of the parotid gland: superficial parotidectomy or limited
      excision?
AB  - In this retrospective study of parotid tumours, 57 patients with pleomorphic
      adenomas were treated with superficial parotidectomy and 33 patients with limited
      excision. The follow-up period has been 4-14 years. When the operation was
      superficial parotidectomy, recurrences occurred in 8.7 per cent compared to 6 per
      cent in cases of limited excision. Side-effects such as permanent weakness of the
      facial nerve or post-operative gustatory sweating were also more common when
      superficial parotidectomy was performed. The post-operative results observed
      suggest that limited excision under magnification is more favourable than
      superficial parotidectomy in the treatment of pleomorphic adenomas.

PMID- 3411213
TI  - Necrotizing external otitis treated with ciprofloxacin. A case report.
AB  - Necrotizing (malignant) external otitis is a severe infection caused by
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa which occurs mainly in elderly diabetics or in immuno
      depressed patients (Chandler, 1968). The management of this condition requires
      the association between an aminoglycoside antibiotic and an antipseudomonal beta
      lactamic, given parenterally during a 4 to 6 week period. Sometimes it is
      necessary to continue the therapy for months until there is no evidence of
      residual disease (Strauss et al., 1982). Ciprofloxacin is a quinolone with
      antipseudomonal activity which can be taken orally, and it is a useful
      alternative to the current treatment. The authors report a case of necrotizing
      external otitis which was successfully treated with ciprofloxacin.

PMID- 3411214
TI  - Merkel-cell carcinoma of the pinna.
AB  - Merkel-Cell carcinoma is a rare malignant skin tumour. It was first described as
      'Trabecular Carcinoma' by Toker in 1972. Since then many reports have appeared in
      the literature, mainly in the dermatology, pathology and to a lesser extent, in
      the plastic surgery journals. Surprisingly, the topic is rarely discussed in the
      otolaryngology literature, though nearly fifty per cent of these tumours arise in
      the head and neck.

PMID- 3411215
TI  - Congenital cholesteatoma (a case report).

PMID- 3411216
TI  - Rhabdomyosarcoma of the middle ear and mastoid in children.
AB  - Three cases of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma in the middle ear and mastoid in
      children are presented. Diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology. A
      multidisciplinary approach employing surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy
      is the method of choice in the management of this rare and highly lethal
      condition.

PMID- 3411217
TI  - Familial Treacher-Collins syndrome.
AB  - The major congenital malformations of the first and second branchial arch
      derivatives such as mandibulofacial dysostosis have a genetic basis. Treacher
      Collins syndrome is transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait, although many
      cases occur as spontaneous mutations. The characteristics are hypoplasia of the
      malar, mandibular and maxillary bones, antimongoloid slanting of the palpebral
      fissures and a receding chin. The aural findings include malpositioning or
      maldevelopment of the pinna or external auditory meatus, an atretic bony plate
      instead of tympanic membrane, or ossicular malformations. Five members of a Hindu
      family affected by Treacher-Collins syndrome spanning three generations are
      examined in detail, with special reference to their hearing.

PMID- 3411218
TI  - Superior vena cava syndrome: presenting symptom of silent otitis media.
AB  - An extensive lateral sinus thrombosis secondary to silent otitis media, in a
      patient with a nephrotic syndrome, is presented. The thrombotic process
      progressed asymptomatically until the occlusion of the superior vena cava.
      Removal of the intractable pathology within the mastoid and administration of
      appropriate antibiotic therapy, prevented the further propagation of the life
      threatening condition.

PMID- 3411219
TI  - Hearing impairment and the Kearns-Sayre syndrome.

PMID- 3411220
TI  - Comparison of cocaine and lignocaine as intranasal local anaesthetics.
AB  - The relative efficacy of Cocaine and Lignocaine as local anaesthetic agents in
      the nose were compared. Twenty-five patients undergoing bilateral intra-nasal
      antroscopy under local anaesthetic were used as their own controls when one nasal
      cavity was anaesthetised with Cocaine and the other with Lignocaine. On 56 per
      cent of occasions the patients experienced no difference in the level of
      discomfort. However, on 36 per cent of occasions Cocaine was noted to give better
      subjective anaesthesia as compared with 8 per cent of occasions when Lignocaine
      was superior.

PMID- 3411221
TI  - Cholesterol granuloma of the maxillary antrum.
AB  - The cholesterol granuloma is a particular form of granulation tissue developing
      as part of a variety of tissue reactions, Cholesterol granuloma is not related to
      cholesteatoma which may be regarded as an epidermoid cyst of the middle ear or
      temporal bone. Cholesterol granulomas are rarely associated with such cases
      (Friedmann, 1976; Gherini et al., 1985). Microscopically, the cholesterol
      granuloma consists of dense masses of cholesterol crystals which appear as
      clefts. They are surrounded by foreign body giant cells, foam cells, plasma cells
      and lymphocytes. There is frequently some fresh blood and some blood pigment
      (Wilhelm, 1977; Beales, 1979; Gibb, 1979). It seems probable that inflammation
      and prolonged obstruction of a bony cavity that is normally aerated, are the main
      ways in which cholesterol is concentrated in the paranasal sinuses. It could be
      expected to be relatively frequent in the maxillary and frontal sinus, but only a
      few cases have been reported in the literature and only nine cases affecting the
      maxillary sinus have been published over the last 22 years (Milton and Bickerton,
      1986). We have recently found a cholesterol granuloma arising in the maxillary
      antrum.

PMID- 3411222
TI  - Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea (an investigative problem).

PMID- 3411223
TI  - A unique presentation of giant cell arteritis.

PMID- 3411224
TI  - Actinomycosis of the nasopharynx: a complication of nasal surgery.
AB  - This case demonstrates actinomycosis in a previously unreported site, and
      outlines some of the difficulties encountered in diagnosing and treating this
      rare but unimportant condition.

PMID- 3411225
TI  - An unusual foreign body presenting in the nasopharynx.
AB  - A 24-year-old male, who sustained gross facial injuries as a result of a motor
      accident, presented six months later on account of unilateral nasal obstruction
      and foul discharge. A diagnosis of right maxillary sinusitis was made and a right
      Caldwell-Luc operation was performed. At operation, a piece of wood was
      discovered in the nasopharynx, partly impacted in the choana, and it was removed.
      The post-operative course was uneventful. The rarity of nasopharyngeal foreign
      bodies and the mode of entry was discussed. The maxillary sinusitis was
      considered to be secondary to the presence of the foreign body.

PMID- 3411226
TI  - Chronic muco-cutaneous candidiasis and oral neoplasia.
AB  - Two patients with chronic muco-cutaneous candidiasis who subsequently developed
      oral neoplasia are presented. In both cases the tumours appeared in the fourth
      decade of life. The natural history of these tumours was not unique but varied
      from the norm. In one patient there was an obvious propensity for metastasis; in
      the other, three separate tumours evolved. An argument could be made to link the
      unusual features evident in these two cases with the state of altered immunity
      known to occur in chronic muco-cutaneous candidiasis, although the suggestion is
      speculative.

PMID- 3411227
TI  - Idiopathic plasmacytosis of the oral and supraglottic mucosa.

PMID- 3411228
TI  - Age, sex, ethnic origin and tonsillectomy.
AB  - The age-related sex ratios for patients undergoing adenotonsillectomy and
      tonsillectomy have been calculated in different populations. Differences in these
      sex ratios have been found at different ages, and differences between populations
      have also been found. Various reasons are proposed to account for these findings.

PMID- 3411229
TI  - Displaced tooth mimicking a tonsillolith.

PMID- 3411230
TI  - Aneurysm of the internal carotid artery presenting as a parapharyngeal mass.
AB  - A case of saccular aneurysm of the internal carotid artery presenting as a
      parapharyngeal mass is being reported because of its rarity and the paucity of
      literature on the subject. Welling et al. (1983) evaluated 1118 aneurysms of the
      peripheral arteries seen over a 30-year period. Forty-one of these arose from the
      extracranial carotid system, only four of them being saccular aneurysms of the
      internal carotid artery. None of them presented with a parapharyngeal mass.

PMID- 3411231
TI  - Castleman's disease--an unusual neck mass.

PMID- 3411232
TI  - Preparation and characterization of a monoclonal antibody that inhibits human
      neutrophil elastase activity.
AB  - Neutrophil proteases are believed to play a role in the pathogenesis of a variety
      of human diseases. While many studies of proteases in models of disease have
      focused on elastase, neutrophils contain several proteases some of which share a
      high degree of homology. This report describes the production and
      characterization of an IgG1 murine monoclonal antibody (AHN-10) that reacts with
      human neutrophil elastase but not with the other major neutrophil neutral
      proteases: cathepsin G, proteinase 3, collagenase, or the newly purified neutral
      protease, esterase N. AHN-10 inhibited the elastinolytic activity of purified
      human neutrophil elastase and could detect elastase in alcohol-fixed cytospin
      preparations. The epitope recognized by AHN-10 was resistant to treatment with
      NaIO4, suggesting that the epitope is not a carbohydrate. AHN-10 should be useful
      for the immunolocalization of neutrophil elastase in tissue specimens and as a
      stable source of characterized antibody for quantitative identification of
      neutrophil elastase.

PMID- 3411233
TI  - Procoagulant synthesis by exudate and bone marrow-derived murine macrophages.
AB  - Murine exudate macrophages elicited by different stimuli and bone marrow-derived
      macrophages were studied for their capacity to synthesize factor VII and tissue
      factor in a basal state and on stimulation with endotoxin (LPS). Cells elicited
      by different stimuli varied in their production of both factors. Thioglycollate
      elicited cells generally made more, but not significantly more, tissue factor in
      response to endotoxin than cells elicited with periodate or streptococci. Cells
      elicited with proteose-peptone, fetal calf serum (FCS), or LPS produced less or
      very little tissue factor. Thioglycollate-elicited cells and cells elicited with
      streptococci or proteose-peptone consistently made more factor VII than cells
      elicited with periodate, FCS, and LPS. Bone marrow-derived macrophages were
      responsive to LPS by the production of tissue factor by the fifth day of culture,
      and this rose to a maximum by day 10. The maximal production of factor VII
      occurred on day 5 of culture and declined with longer cultivation. Factor VII
      production was not enhanced by LPS, and prolonged cultivation in the presence of
      LPS turned off the synthesis of both tissue factor and factor VII. We conclude
      that exudate cells are heterogeneous in the production of coagulant factors and
      that the production of these factors varies with the maturity of the cells. In
      addition, the production of the tissue factor and the factor VII were not
      necessarily expressed in a coordinate fashion.

PMID- 3411234
TI  - Effect of dietary fat composition on the metabolism of triacylglycerol-rich
      plasma lipoproteins in the postprandial phase in meal-fed rats.
AB  - Rats conditioned to eating fixed-size meals (meals at 7 AM and 7 PM), consuming
      diets rich in palm oil or sunflower seed oil, were used to study the metabolism
      of chylomicrons and hepatic very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) as a function of
      time after meal consumption. Rats fed a palm oil diet had higher serum
      triacylglycerol levels at 7 AM, before the meal (1.96 +/- 0.25 mM vs. 1.09 +/-
      0.09 mM) and reached higher levels postprandially (4.32 +/- 0.48 mM vs. 2.87 +/-
      0.18 mM) than sunflower seed oil-fed animals, due to higher levels of hepatic
      VLDL (at 7 AM) and higher levels of chylomicrons and hepatic VLDL (in the
      postprandial phase). These differences in serum triacylglycerol concentrations
      between the diets tested were found not to be due to differences in hepatic VLDL
      triacylglycerol secretion (similar rate for both dietary groups and not very much
      affected by meal consumption) or chylomicron triacylglycerol secretion (similar
      response profiles on both diets), pointing towards differences in plasma
      triacylglycerol catabolism. Subsequent double-label studies on triacylglycerol
      catabolism of chylomicrons from palm oil- and sunflower seed oil-fed animals in
      chow-fed recipients showed that palm oil triacyglycerol is catabolized slower
      than sunflower seed oil triacylglycerol. Furthermore, activities of postheparin
      plasma lipoprotein lipase tended to be higher in sunflower seed oil-fed animals.
      From these data we conclude that the relative hypertriglyceridemia found in palm
      oil-fed animals is due to less efficient catabolism and not to increased
      synthesis of plasma triacylglycerol.

PMID- 3411235
TI  - Interactions of high density lipoprotein subclasses (HDL2 and HDLc) with dog
      adipocytes: selective effects of cholesterol and saturated fat feeding.
AB  - Adipose tissue is a cholesterol storage organ and derives its cholesterol
      primarily from circulating lipoproteins. The present study shows that adipocytes
      isolated from canine omental fat tissue interact specifically with high density
      lipoprotein subfractions lacking or enriched in apolipoprotein E, namely canine
      high density lipoprotein-2 (HDL2) and HDLc, respectively. While 125I-labeled HDL2
      binding was inhibited similarly by both excess unlabeled HDLc and HDL2, 125I
      labeled HDLc interaction was inhibited by its homologous ligand only. Paired
      studies showed that the amount of HDLc associated with adipocytes was
      significantly higher compared to HDL2. The effect of a short-term cholesterol and
      saturated fat feeding on adipocyte-HDL interaction was examined using fat cells
      obtained from dogs before and again 3 weeks after a diet supplemented with
      cholesterol (1% w/w) and saturated fat (30% lard, w/w). Significant increases in
      body weight and omental fat cell weight occurred after fat feeding. The amount of
      125I-labeled HDL2 that could be bound to adipocytes increased after the diet,
      whether expressed on a per cell basis (P less than 0.005) or per unit cell
      surface (P less than 0.025). The amount of cell-associated 125I-labeled HDLc,
      however, was not significantly affected by the cholesterol-rich diet. The
      characteristics of HDLc and HDL2 dissociation were assessed by examining the
      release of labeled lipoproteins from adipocytes preincubated with 125I-labeled
      HDLc and 125I-labeled HDL2. HDL2 dissociation from adipocytes was significantly
      decreased (P less than 0.05) following the diet and may explain in part the
      apparent increase in cell-associated 125I-labeled HDL2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3411236
TI  - Apolipoprotein distribution in human lipoproteins separated by polyacrylamide
      gradient gel electrophoresis.
AB  - The heterogeneity of serum lipoproteins (excluding very low density (VLDL) and
      intermediate density (IDL) lipoproteins) and that of lipoproteins secreted by
      HepG2 cells has been studied by immunoblot analysis of the apolipoprotein
      composition of the particles separated by polyacrylamide gradient gel
      electrophoresis (GGE) under nondenaturing conditions. The reactions of antibodies
      to apoA-I, apoA-II, apoE, apoB, apoD, and apoA-IV have revealed discrete bands of
      particles which differ widely in size and apolipoprotein composition. GGE of
      native serum lipoproteins demonstrated that apoA-II is present in lipoproteins of
      limited size heterogeneity (apparent molecular mass 345,000 to 305,000) and that
      apoB is present in low density lipoproteins (LDL) and absent from all smaller or
      denser lipoproteins. In contrast, serum apoA-I, E, D, and A-IV are present in
      very heterogeneous particles. Serum apoA-I is present mainly in particles of 305
      to 130 kDa where it is associated with apoA-II, and in decreasing order of
      immunoreactivity in particles of 130-90 kDa, 56 kDa, 815-345 kDa, and finally
      within the size range of LDL, all regions where there is little detectable apoA
      II. Serum apoE is present in three defined fractions, one within the size range
      of LDL, one containing heterogeneous particles between 640 and 345 kDa, and one
      defined fraction at 96 kDa. Serum apoD is also present in three defined
      fractions, one comigrating with LDL, one containing heterogeneous particles
      between 390 and 150 kDa, and one band on the migration front. Most of serum apoA
      IV is contained in a band comigrating with albumin. GGE of centrifugally prepared
      LDL shows the presence of apoB, apoE, and apoD, but not that of apoA-I. However,
      the particles containing apoA-I, which, in serum, migrated within the LDL size
      range and as bands of 815 to 345 kDa, were recovered upon centrifugation in the d
      greater than 1.21 g/ml fraction. GGE of high density lipoproteins (HDL) indicated
      that most of apoA-I, A-II, and A-IV were present in lipoproteins of the same
      apparent molecular mass (390-152 kDa). ApoD tended to be associated with large
      HDL, and this was also significant for HDL apoE, which is present in lipoproteins
      ranging from 640 to 275 kDa. GGE of very high density lipoproteins (VHDL)
      presented some striking features, one of which was the occurrence of
      apolipoproteins in very discrete bands of different molecular mass. ApoA-II was
      bimodally distributed at 250-175 kDa and 175-136 kDa, the latter fraction also
      containing apoA-I.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3411237
TI  - Localization of sites of lipid biosynthesis in mammalian epidermis.
AB  - The end-product of epidermal differentiation is a stratified layer of corneocytes
      whose extracellular lipid bilayers provide a permeability barrier. It is
      generally accepted that the epidermis synthesizes most if not all of the lipids
      found in this tissue and that extra-epidermal tissues contribute very little to
      this lipid content. Moreover, the individual epidermal strata in which epidermal
      lipid biosynthesis occurs are not known. To address this question, we examined
      [3H]H2O incorporation into nonsaponifiable and saponifiable lipids in individual
      epidermal cell layers 3 hr after intraperitoneal injection into neonatal mice,
      and compared this to protein and DNA synthesis using intraperitoneal [3H]leucine
      and [3H]thymidine incorporation, respectively. Lipid biosynthesis was also
      assessed by [14C]acetate incorporation into lipid fractions in organ cultured
      skin and in epidermal subpopulations. The in vivo studies demonstrated that the
      biosynthetic activity of both saponifiable and nonsaponifiable lipids was
      comparable to, if not greater, in the stratum granulosum (SG) than in
      basal/spinous (SB + SS) layer, despite significantly lower levels of both protein
      and DNA synthesis in the SG. On a mass basis, the SG accounts for about four
      times the biosynthetic activity of the combined SB + SS layers. The lipid
      biosynthetic activity in vitro also was two- to fivefold higher in the SG,
      regardless of whether the epidermis was separated into individual cell layers
      before or after incubations with radiolabel. Moreover, this difference could not
      be ascribed to increased acetate pools or to elevated metabolism in the SG versus
      the SB + SS since the rates of CO2 production were much lower in the SG fraction.
      The increase in lipid biosynthesis in SG over SB + SS was greatest for
      phospholipids, followed by glycosphingolipids, and free sterols but was observed
      in almost all lipid classes. These studies show not only that mammalian epidermis
      is an active site of de novo lipid biosynthesis, but also that this activity
      remains high in the stratum granulosum, while other forms of metabolic activity
      are diminishing. These observations are consistent with the knowledge that lipids
      extruded from the stratum granulosum layer provide the hydrophobic permeability
      barrier, and further suggest that elevated synthetic activity in the stratum
      granulosum would allow rapid replenishment in the event that the barrier is
      damaged.

PMID- 3411238
TI  - Occurrence of 3 beta-hydroxy-5-cholestenoic acid, 3 beta,7 alpha-dihydroxy-5
      cholestenoic acid, and 7 alpha-hydroxy-3-oxo-4-cholestenoic acid as normal
      constituents in human blood.
AB  - Three unconjugated C27 bile acids were found in plasma from healthy humans. They
      were isolated by liquid-solid extraction and anion-exchange chromatography and
      were identified by gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, microchemical
      reactions, and ultraviolet spectroscopy as 3 beta-hydroxy-5-cholestenoic, 3
      beta,7 alpha-dihydroxy-5-cholestenoic, and 7 alpha-hydroxy-3-oxo-4-cholestenoic
      acids. Their levels often exceeded those of the unconjugated C24 bile acids and
      the variations between individuals were smaller than for the C24 acids. The
      concentrations in plasma from 11 healthy subjects were 67.2 +/- 27.9 ng/ml (mean
      +/- SD) for 3 beta-hydroxy-5-cholestenoic acid, 38.9 +/- 25.6 ng/ml for 3 beta,7
      alpha-dihydroxy-5-cholestenoic acid, and 81.7 +/- 27.9 ng/ml for 7 alpha-hydroxy
      3-oxo-4-cholestenoic acid. The levels of the individual acids were positively
      correlated to each other and not to the levels of the C24 acids. The cholestenoic
      acids were below the detection limit (20-50 ng/ml) in bile and C27 bile acids
      present in bile were not detected in plasma.

PMID- 3411239
TI  - Lipoprotein metabolism by macrophages from atherosclerosis-susceptible White
      Carneau and resistant Show Racer pigeons.
AB  - The presence of specific receptors for the metabolism of acetylated low density
      lipoprotein (AcLDL) and beta-migrating very low density lipoprotein (beta-VLDL)
      was demonstrated in thioglycolate-elicited peritoneal macrophages from both
      atherosclerosis-susceptible White Carneau (WC) and resistant Show Racer (SR)
      pigeons. Macrophages from both breeds metabolized AcLDL through a single class of
      receptors that were similar, but not identical, to the scavenger receptors
      described in mammalian macrophages. Both pigeon and mammalian AcLDL bound to this
      receptor. At 37 degrees C, AcLDL was internalized and degraded in the lysosomes,
      and cholesterol esterification and cholesteryl ester accumulation were
      stimulated. As in mammalian macrophages, AcLDL receptor activity was not down
      regulated by cholesterol loading. In contrast, AcLDL binding was poorly competed
      for by fucoidin or polyinosinic acid, and the magnitude of cholesteryl ester
      accumulation was only about one-half of that seen with mouse peritoneal
      macrophages. Pigeon beta-VLDL bound to both a high and a low affinity site on
      pigeon macrophages. Binding to the high affinity site was calcium-dependent,
      pronase-sensitive, and down-regulated by cholesterol loading. Cholesterol
      esterification and cholesteryl ester accumulation with beta-VLDL were stimulated
      to an equal or greater extent than with AcLDL. Unlike mammalian macrophages, the
      pigeon beta-VLDL receptor did not require apolipoprotein E, as evidenced by the
      lack of apoE in pigeon lipoproteins and by the failure of rabbit beta-VLDL,
      containing apoE, to compete for binding. Pigeon LDL, but not mammalian LDL, was
      recognized by the pigeon beta-VLDL receptor, suggesting that like the mammalian
      beta-VLDL receptor, the pigeon beta-VLDL receptor may be a form of an LDL
      receptor. This was an unexpected finding since pigeon fibroblasts and smooth
      muscle cells in culture do not express LDL receptors. Thus, pigeon macrophages
      have receptors for the uptake of abnormal lipoproteins that could play a role in
      the development of macrophage-derived foam cells that are prevalent in the early
      stages of atherosclerosis in this species. No quantitative or qualitative
      differences in these receptors, however, were identified that could account for
      the differences in atherosclerosis susceptibility between the WC and SR breeds.

PMID- 3411240
TI  - Apolipoprotein specificity of the chicken oocyte receptor for low and very low
      density lipoproteins: lack of recognition of apolipoprotein VLDL-II.
AB  - At onset of egg-laying in the chicken, plasma levels of apolipoprotein VLDL-II
      (apoII) increase dramatically, suggesting a function of apoII in yolk deposition
      of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Thus, the possibility that this female
      specific homodimeric protein (Mr of subunit, 9500) is recognized by the oocyte
      receptor for low and very low density lipoproteins was investigated. ApoII was
      purified from very low density lipoproteins by a novel, rapid procedure and
      reconstituted with egg phosphatidylcholine (PC) by detergent-dialysis. The
      resulting discoidal apoII/PC lipoprotein particles contained 3 mg of apoII per mg
      of PC and had a buoyant density of 1.062 g/ml. The ability of apoII/PC, as well
      as of physiological particles containing apoII but devoid of apolipoprotein B
      (apoB), namely high density lipoproteins (HDL) from laying hens, to interact with
      the oocyte receptor was tested. Both of these ligands failed to show saturable
      high affinity binding, in contrast to the apoB-containing ligands, low and very
      low density lipoproteins. Furthermore, neither laying-hen HDL which contain apoII
      and apoA-I nor apoII/PC were able to displace receptor-bound apoB-containing
      lipoproteins, as shown in competitive binding assays as well as by ligand
      blotting. Thus, we conclude that apoB, but not apoII, participates in binding and
      uptake of very low density lipoproteins via receptor-mediated endocytosis by
      growing chicken oocytes.

PMID- 3411241
TI  - Independent regulation of plasma apolipoprotein C-II and C-III concentrations in
      very low density and high density lipoproteins: implications for the regulation
      of the catabolism of these lipoproteins.
AB  - Apolipoproteins C-II (apoC-II) and C-III (apoC-III) are distributed among all the
      major lipoprotein classes, particularly very low density (VLDL) and high density
      lipoproteins (HDL). We have determined concentrations of apoC-II and apoC-III in
      VLDL and HDL in subjects with a wide range of VLDL triglyceride and HDL
      cholesterol levels, and correlated these levels with fractional catabolic rates
      (FCR) of VLDL triglyceride and HDL apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I). Both apoC-II and
      apoC-III levels increased in VLDL as VLDL apolipoprotein B (apoB) and
      triglyceride levels rose. The rate of rise of VLDL apoC-III, however, was
      approximately 3 times greater than that of apoC-II, and positive correlations
      were present between the ratio of VLDL apoC-III/apoC-II and both VLDL apoB (r =
      0.59; P less than 0.01) and VLDL triglyceride (r = 0.70; P less than 0.005)
      levels. Univariate analysis demonstrated that the FCR for VLDL triglyceride was
      inversely related to the ratio of apoC-III/apoC-II in VLDL (r = -0.58; P less
      than 0.05), although this relationship was not significant in a multivariate
      analysis. In HDL, concentrations of apoC-III and apoA-I were correlated (r =
      0.73; P less than 0.005) while no correlation was observed between apoC-II and
      apoA-I levels. Univariate analyses of HDL variables revealed inverse correlations
      between the concentration of apoC-III and the FCR for apoA-I (r = -0.67; P less
      than 0.005) and between the ratio of apoC-III/apoA-I and the FCR for apoA-I (r = 
      0.66; P less than 0.005). Multivariate analysis confirmed the latter
      relationship.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3411243
TI  - Unilocular fat cells in three-dimensional collagen gel matrix culture.
AB  - Three-dimensional culture with collagen gel, developed recently for the in vitro
      study of some mammalian cells in a more physiological condition than a monolayer
      culture, was applied for a biological study of unilocular fat cells. Successfully
      embedded in the gel, the unilocular fat cells were shown to be able to keep their
      cellular function and actively proliferate. These findings confirm that
      unilocular fat cells do undergo proliferation under in vitro conditions as
      demonstrated in monolayer culture.

PMID- 3411242
TI  - High resolution 31P NMR of extracted phospholipids.
AB  - The common phospholipids from biological sources were quantitated using
      phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in conjunction with
      an analytical reagent composed of two parts: 1) 2 ml of reagent chloroform in
      which was dissolved 0.01-100 mg of crude tissue lipid extracted from tissue
      sources using chloroform-methanol 2:1, the extract having been washed with 0.2
      vol. of 0.1 M KCl; 2) 1 ml of an aqueous methanol reagent composed of one part
      0.2 M (ethylenedinitrilo)-tetraacetic acid in D2O titrated to pH 6 with CsOH and
      four parts of reagent methanol. In a magnetic field of 11.75 Tesla, the extracted
      phospholipids yield narrow signals (1.8-3.2 Hz at half-height), corresponding to
      each generic species, e.g., phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanolamines,
      etc., permitting resolution among the various phospholipid families and their
      lyso and plasmalogen derivatives. The reagent permits assays of high precision
      and accuracy using a modest amount of NMR spectrometer time (ca. 15 min/assay).
      The procedures described, which are compared to high-performance liquid
      chromatography, are convenient for the routine analysis of phospholipids from
      biological sources.

PMID- 3411244
TI  - Intestinal HMG-CoA reductase activity is low in hypercholesterolemic patients and
      is further decreased with lovastatin therapy.
AB  - Significant cholesterol synthesis occurs in gut mucosa of animals and humans.
      However, the role of gut synthesis in hypercholesterolemia and the effect of
      drugs on this function have not been defined. We obtained jejunal biopsies and
      bile samples from 21 Type II hypercholesterolemic subjects (mean serum
      cholesterol = 331 mg/dl) on a low fat diet after an over-night fast. Whole gut
      mucosal homogenate was assayed for activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG)
      CoA reductase, the rate-determining enzyme of cholesterol synthesis. Mean
      reductase activity (pmol/mg per min) was 5.5 +/- 1.0 (n = 21) in
      hypercholesterolemic subjects versus 11.3 +/- 1.0 in 52 normal subjects (P less
      than 0.01). This is consistent with the hypothesis that the primary defect in
      these patients is not excessive cholesterol synthesis but decreased low density
      lipoprotein (LDL) clearance. It implies that high LDL levels down-regulate gut
      reductase activity. After treatment of 7 patients with lovastatin (40-80 mg/day
      for at least 6-13 weeks), gut reductase activity decreased from 7.7 +/- 2.6 to
      3.6 +/- 0.5 (P less than 0.05), in biopsies obtained 12 hr after the last drug
      dose. Inhibition of reductase activity by this drug was detected 12 hr after a
      dose, and the enzyme was not measurably induced during 6-13 weeks of therapy. In
      keeping with the decrease in serum cholesterol (332----239 mg/dl) and mucosal
      reductase activity during lovastatin therapy, mean gallbladder bile cholesterol
      saturation index also decreased (1.045 +/- 0.112 vs. 0.883 +/- 0.109, n =
      7).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3411245
TI  - Similarity of unusual bile acids in human umbilical cord blood and amniotic fluid
      from newborns and in sera and urine from adult patients with cholestatic liver
      diseases.
AB  - Unusual bile acids in umbilical cord blood and amniotic fluid of term newborns
      and in sera and urine from adult patients with cholestatic liver diseases were
      analyzed by use of gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. These bile acids
      were compared in order to elucidate possible similarities of bile acid metabolism
      between fetal and cholestatic liver. In both umbilical cord blood and amniotic
      fluid, 14 unusual bile acids were found in addition to normal bile acids (cholic,
      chenodeoxycholic, deoxycholic, and lithocholic acids), and 15, excluding
      ursodeoxycholic acid, were found in sera and urine from patients with cholestatic
      liver diseases. Of the unusual bile acids detected, 12 were common to both
      samples. Six unusual bile acids, 3 beta-hydroxy- and 3 beta,12 alpha-dihydroxy-5
      cholenoic acids, 3 alpha,6 alpha,7 alpha-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholanoic acid, 1
      beta,3 alpha,12 alpha-trihydroxy-1 beta,3 alpha,7 alpha-trihydroxy-, and 1 beta,3
      alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha-tetrahydroxy-5 beta-cholanoic acids were more abundant
      than others. They could be classified into three groups, i.e., unsaturated, 6
      hydroxylated, and 1 beta-hydroxylated bile acids. 1 beta-Hydroxylated bile acids,
      which were not found in serum specimens, were detected in sera from umbilical
      cord blood and from patients with cholestatic liver diseases. The presence of
      these unusual bile acids suggested similarities between the altered metabolic
      states of the two groups examined.

PMID- 3411246
TI  - Platelet-enhanced apolipoprotein E production by human macrophages: a possible
      role in atherosclerosis.
AB  - Cholesterol-loaded human monocyte-derived macrophages increase their production
      of apolipoprotein E (apoE). Although cholesterol loading is often achieved with
      modified plasma lipoproteins, macrophages can be loaded also by coculture with
      platelets. Therefore, the relationship between platelet-mediated cholesteryl
      ester accumulation and apoE secretion was examined. Macrophages were isolated by
      adherence and cultured for 6 days in serum-free medium. Secreted apoE was
      measured with a sensitive solid-phase radioimmunoassay. Maximum apoE secretion by
      the adherent macrophages from 5 x 10(6) peripheral blood mononuclear cells was
      obtained with 3 x 10(8) platelets and was ten-fold greater than control cells
      cultured in the absence of platelets. Platelet-mediated apoE secretion was
      consistently greater than that obtained by culture with either native or
      acetylated low density lipoproteins. Whereas the 1000 g supernatants of
      unstimulated platelets were poor inducers of apoE secretion, substances rich in
      cholesterol that were shed from thrombin-stimulated platelets and recovered in
      the 1000 g supernatants were almost as active as intact platelets. In all
      studies, platelet-induced secretion of apoE paralleled the capacity of platelets
      to induce macrophage cholesterol accumulation, indicating that macrophage apoE
      secretion was readily influenced by macrophage cholesterol metabolism.

PMID- 3411247
TI  - Congruence of individual responsiveness to dietary cholesterol and to saturated
      fat in humans.
AB  - Previous experiments have shown that differences between humans in the response
      of serum cholesterol to dietary cholesterol are at least partly reproducible and
      stable over a prolonged period. In this study it was investigated whether
      enhanced sensitivity to dietary cholesterol and saturated fat go together. The
      subjects had also participated in three or four experiments dealing with the
      reproducibility of the effect on blood cholesterol of either adding cholesterol
      to the diet in normal subjects (NORM-EGG group; n = 23) or of cessation of egg
      consumption in subjects with a high habitual egg intake (HAB-EGG group; n = 24).
      In the present experiment the NORM-EGG subjects were fed a mixed natural diet
      providing 21% of energy as polyunsaturated and 11% as saturated fat (P/S2 ratio,
      1.9) for 3 weeks, and one providing 5% of energy as polyunsaturated fat and 23%
      as saturated fat (P/S ratio, 0.2) for the next 3 weeks. The HAB-EGG group was fed
      the same diets in reverse order. The serum cholesterol concentrations were higher
      on the low P/S diet than on the high P/S diet (on average 23% in normal subjects
      and 16% in habitual egg eaters). The correlation coefficient between each
      subject's serum cholesterol response to fatty acids and his or her average
      response to dietary cholesterol in the dietary cholesterol experiments was 0.62
      for the normal subjects (P less than 0.01) and 0.15 for the HAB-EGG group. We
      conclude that modest differences in responsiveness of serum cholesterol to
      dietary saturated fat do exist in humans, and that, in people of normal
      cholesterol intake, responsiveness to dietary cholesterol and to saturated fat
      tend to go together.

PMID- 3411248
TI  - Density distribution and physicochemical properties of plasma lipoproteins and
      apolipoproteins in the goose, Anser anser, a potential model of liver steatosis.
AB  - The fractionation and physicochemical characterization of the complex molecular
      components composing the plasma lipoprotein spectrum in the goose, a potential
      model of liver steatosis, are described. Twenty lipoprotein subfractions (d less
      than 1.222 g/ml) were separated by isopycnic density gradient
      ultracentrifugation, and characterized according to their chemical composition,
      particle size and particle heterogeneity, electrophoretic mobility, and
      apolipoprotein content. Analytical ultracentrifugal analyses showed high density
      lipoproteins (HDL) to predominate (approximately 450 mg/dl plasma), the peak of
      its distribution occurring at d approximately 1.090 g/ml (F1.21 approximately
      2.5). The HDL class displayed marked density heterogeneity, HDL1-like particles
      being detected up to a lower density limit of approximately 1.020 g/ml, particle
      size decreasing progressively from 17-19 nm at d 1.024-1.028 g/ml to 10.5-12 nm
      (d 1.055-1.065 g/ml), and then remaining constant (approximately 9 nm) at
      densities greater than 1.065 g/ml. HDL subfractions displayed multiple size
      species; five subspecies were present over the range d 1.103-1.183 g/ml with
      diameters of 10.5, 9.9, 9.0, 8.2, and 7.5 nm, four in the range d 1.090-1.103
      g/ml (diameters 10.5, 9.9, 9.0, and 8.2 nm) and three over the range d 1.076
      1.090 g/ml (diameters 10.5, 9.9, and 9.0 nm). ApoA-I (Mr 25,000-27,000) was the
      major apolipoprotein in all goose HDL subfractions, while the minor components
      (apparent Mr 100,000, 91,000, 64,000, 58,000, approximately 42,000, 18,000 and
      apoC-like proteins) showed marked quantitative and qualitative variation across
      this density range (i.e., 1.055-1.165 g/ml). The d 1.063 g/ml boundary for
      separation of goose low density lipoproteins (LDL) from HDL was inappropriate,
      since HDL-like particles were present in the density interval 1.024-1.063 g/ml,
      while particles enriched in apoB (Mr approximately 540,000) and resembling LDL in
      size (approximately 20.5 nm) were detected up to a density of approximately 1.076
      g/ml. Goose LDL itself was a major component of the profile (90-172 mg/dl) with a
      single peak of high flotation rate (Sf approximately 10.5). The physicochemical
      properties and apolipoprotein content of intermediate density lipoproteins (IDL)
      and LDL varied but little over the range d 1.013-1.040 g/ml, presenting as two
      particle species (diameters 20.5 and 21 nm) of essentially constant chemical
      composition; LDL (d 1.019-1.040 g/ml) were separated from HDL1 by gel filtration
      chromatography and appeared to contain primarily apoB with lesser amounts of apoA
      I.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3411249
TI  - Recombinant human tumor necrosis factor does not inhibit lipoprotein lipase in
      primary cultures of isolated human adipocytes.
AB  - Previous studies have demonstrated that cachectin/tumor necrosis factor (TNF)
      inhibits lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity in cultures of 3T3-L1 cells. To
      determine whether TNF also inhibits LPL in human adipocytes, primary cultures of
      isolated human adipocytes were exposed to a spectrum of concentrations of
      recombinant human TNF. TNF concentrations up to 1000 pM had no effect on either
      LPL activity or LPL immunoreactive mass in the human adipocytes. Specific binding
      of 125I-labeled TNF was demonstrated in human adipocytes, and a TNF concentration
      of 100 pM competed for approximately 50% of the 125I-labeled TNF binding sites.
      In contrast, the same TNF in the same concentrations progressively inhibited LPL
      activity and immunoreactive mass in 3T3-L1 cells. Thus, human adipocytes respond
      to TNF in a different manner than 3T3-L1 cells. TNF may not cause the cachexia of
      cancer or chronic infection by directly inhibiting LPL in adipose tissue.

PMID- 3411250
TI  - Tissue-specific posttranslational modification of rat apoE. Synthesis of sialated
      apoE forms by neonatal rat aortic smooth muscle cells.
AB  - We have studied the synthesis, modification, and secretion of rat apoE in primary
      cultures of neonatal aortic smooth muscle cells and adult rat hepatocytes. The
      cultures were pulsed with [35S]methionine and the intracellular and secreted apoE
      were immunoprecipitated and analyzed by two-dimensional isoelectric
      focusing/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. A short pulse
      (10 min) showed the presence of a major unmodified apoE form in both cultures.
      This form comigrated on two-dimensional gels with the major rat plasma apoE
      isoprotein. A longer pulse (15-120 min) resulted in the progressive appearance of
      intracellularly modified apoE isoproteins in both cultures. The apoE secreted by
      aortic smooth muscle cells consisted exclusively of sialated apoE isoproteins
      that were sensitive to neuraminidase treatment. In contrast, the apoE secreted by
      primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes, organ cultures of neonatal rat liver,
      as well as rat plasma apoE, contained several minor modified isoproteins. Nascent
      apoE secreted by the aortic smooth muscle cell cultures floats in the density
      range of 1.09 to 1.186 g/ml. We conclude that aortic smooth muscle cells can
      synthesize and secrete sialated apoE isoproteins associated with nascent
      lipoproteins floating in the high density lipoprotein region.

PMID- 3411251
TI  - Plasma apolipoprotein changes in the triglyceride-rich lipoprotein fraction of
      human subjects fed a fat-rich meal.
AB  - Twenty two subjects (9 males, 13 females) were fed a fat-rich meal (1 g of fat/kg
      body weight). Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL) were isolated by
      ultracentrifugation (d less than 1.006 g/ml) from blood drawn 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12
      hr after the meal. Plasma triglyceride increased then decreased postprandially,
      while plasma apoA-I and apoB concentrations decreased. TRL triglyceride, TRL
      total protein, and TRL apoB concentrations all increased then decreased after the
      fat-rich meal. Postprandial rise in plasma triglyceride was significantly
      correlated with fasting plasma triglyceride levels (r = 0.66, P less than 0.001);
      postprandial rise in TRL triglyceride was significantly correlated with fasting
      TRL triglyceride levels (r = 0.58, P less than 0.01); postprandial rise in TRL
      apoB was not, however, significantly correlated with fasting TRL apoB levels (r =
      0.37, N.S.). TRL apolipoproteins were separated by polyacrylamide gradient (4
      22.5%) gel electrophoresis and protein bands were scanned in two dimensions with
      a laser densitometer. Relative postprandial changes in the concentration of the
      TRL apolipoproteins were determined. TRL apoB-100, apoB-48, apoE, and apoC
      increased then decreased postprandially. The increase in TRL apoB-100 after the
      fat-rich meal was confirmed in 8 subjects by direct measurement of apoB-100 with
      a monoclonal antibody ELISA assay. ApoA-I concentration in TRL was unchanged.
      Albumin in the TRL fraction was significantly increased 12 hr after the meal.
      Subjects with a greater magnitude of postprandial triglyceridemia had a greater
      increase in TRL triglyceride and TRL apoB, but their TRL apoB-100/apoB-48 ratios
      were not different from subjects with less pronounced triglyceridemia. Assuming
      that plasma TRL containing apoB-100 are predominantly derived from the liver, our
      data suggest that triglyceride-rich lipoproteins from both the liver and
      intestine make a significant contribution to postprandial triglyceridemia.

PMID- 3411252
TI  - Effects of a low fat diet with and without intermittent saturated fat and
      cholesterol ingestion on plasma lipid, lipoprotein, and apolipoprotein levels in
      normal volunteers.
AB  - Diets low in saturated fat and cholesterol are recommended to the American public
      for improving plasma lipoprotein patterns and reducing the risk of heart disease.
      However, since dietary intake cannot always be controlled, the effects of
      different degrees of dietary saturated fat lowering and occasional high saturated
      fat and cholesterol meals on the expected lipoprotein pattern improvement of
      these diets needs to be defined. In the current study, we compared lipid,
      lipoprotein, and apolipoprotein levels in 14 young normal volunteers on a
      metabolic ward when they were consuming a high saturated fat diet (42% fat), an
      AHA Phase II diet (25% fat), and a third diet which approximated the AHA Phase I
      diet (30% fat). The latter actually consisted of intermittent ingestion of meals
      high in saturated fat and cholesterol on the background of an AHA Phase II diet
      (Intermittent Saturated Fat diet). When compared to the high saturated fat diet,
      the AHA Phase II diet significantly reduced total, low density lipoprotein (LDL),
      and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, apoB, and apoA-I levels, and
      improved the LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio, whereas the intermittent saturated fat
      diet lowered total and LDL cholesterol and apoB levels, and also improved the
      LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio. When compared to the AHA Phase II diet, the
      intermittent saturated fat diet raised total and HDL cholesterol levels. Thus, in
      these normal volunteers, intermittent saturated fat ingestion, in the context of
      an overall 30% fat diet and a 25% fat diet, did not differ with respect to the
      effect on improving the LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio.

PMID- 3411253
TI  - Separation and identification of triglycerides, cholesteryl esters, cholesterol,
      7-dehydrocholesterol, dolichol, ubiquinone, alpha-tocopherol, and retinol by high
      performance liquid chromatography with a diode array detector.
AB  - A simple isocratic high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system is
      described that allows separation and identification of cholesteryl esters,
      triglycerides, ubiquinone, alpha-tocopherol, dolichol, cholesterol, 7
      dehydrocholesterol, and retinol. This consisted of a normal phase cyanopropyl
      column with 0.1% isopropanol in heptane as the solvent. The effluent was
      monitored with an LKB model 2140 diode array detector which enabled the lipids to
      be identified by their characteristic absorption spectra. This system was applied
      to a sample of dog liver in which cholesteryl esters, retinyl esters,
      triglycerides, ubiquinone, dolichol, cholesterol, and retinol were identified.
      Retinyl esters and vitamin D esters were identified by their similarity in
      absorption spectra to retinol and vitamin D. A system to transfer and store the
      chromatograms on the VAX PDP-11 or an optical disc is also described.

PMID- 3411254
TI  - The cue interaction model of depth perception: a stability analysis.
AB  - In this paper, we offer a stability analysis of "the cue interaction model" of
      depth perception (House (1984]. Depth estimation using stereopsis suffers from
      the "matching problem", the problem of correctly matching the retinal image of a
      feature in one eye, to its retinal image in the other eye. The Cue Interaction
      Model overcomes this by using monocular cues to disambiguate between the "correct
      matches" and the "incorrect matches". Its decision making is based on the concept
      of cooperation and competition in a neural network. A general class of
      cooperative and competitive models has been mathematically analysed by Amari and
      Arbib (1977), with special attention given to equilibrium states and stability.
      In this paper we adapt their methods to study the above model. In particular, we
      prove that if the parameters are correctly tuned, the model successfully achieves
      its goals by suppressing the cues which represent the "incorrect matches".

PMID- 3411255
TI  - Models of dispersal in biological systems.
AB  - In order to provide a general framework within which the dispersal of cells or
      organisms can be studied, we introduce two stochastic processes that model the
      major modes of dispersal that are observed in nature. In the first type of
      movement, which we call the position jump or kangaroo process, the process
      comprises a sequence of alternating pauses and jumps. The duration of a pause is
      governed by a waiting time distribution, and the direction and distance traveled
      during a jump is fixed by the kernel of an integral operator that governs the
      spatial redistribution. Under certain assumptions concerning the existence of
      limits as the mean step size goes to zero and the frequency of stepping goes to
      infinity the process is governed by a diffusion equation, but other partial
      differential equations may result under different assumptions. The second major
      type of movement leads to what we call a velocity jump process. In this case the
      motion consists of a sequence of "runs" separated by reorientations, during which
      a new velocity is chosen. We show that under certain assumptions this process
      leads to a damped wave equation called the telegrapher's equation. We derive
      explicit expressions for the mean squared displacement and other experimentally
      observable quantities. Several generalizations, including the incorporation of a
      resting time between movements, are also studied. The available data on the
      motion of cells and other organisms is reviewed, and it is shown how the analysis
      of such data within the framework provided here can be carried out.

PMID- 3411256
TI  - Large time behavior in a nonlinear age-dependent population dynamics problem with
      spatial diffusion.
AB  - In this work we analyze the large time behavior in a nonlinear model of
      population dynamics with age-dependence and spatial diffusion. We show that when
      t----+ infinity either the solution of our problem goes to 0 or it stabilizes to
      a nontrivial stationary solution. We give two typical examples where the
      stationary solutions can be evaluated upon solving very simple partial
      differential equations. As a by-product of the extinction case we find a
      necessary condition for a nontrivial periodic solution to exist. Numerical
      computations not described below show a rapid stabilization.

PMID- 3411257
TI  - Postrelational database implementation for newborn screening and tracking.
AB  - Development of microcomputer based systems for the management of data in newborn
      screening programs has posed special difficulties. This paper describes the
      specific requirements for implementing an effective newborn screening database
      system using a unique postrelational database system. This system has been
      developed by Neometrics Inc. for use by laboratories engaged in running high
      volume newborn screening programs, and is currently operational in a number of
      state health laboratories.

PMID- 3411258
TI  - Computerized newborn screening in Texas--a multiple microcomputer approach.
AB  - The Texas Department of Health expanded its newborn screening program to include
      four disorders in February of 1980. Because of the large volume of specimens
      being processed (approximately 2500 daily), it was essential that laboratory
      aspects of this program be computerized. Currently, both laboratory and follow-up
      activities are linked by computer. The modular, microcomputer approach employed
      has provided the necessary capabilities to ensure accurate and efficient tracking
      of newborns from specimen submission through diagnosis and treatment. Continual
      program evaluations are also possible through statistical tabulations of various
      types of data collected and maintained in the system.

PMID- 3411260
TI  - Newborn screening in the 80's--the automation of follow-up.
AB  - The Genetic Diseases Program of the Illinois Department of Public Health has
      completed the requirements for automation of its newborn screening follow-up
      services. The integration of two databases containing laboratory and follow-up
      elements allows the system to: (1) process on-line information about both normal
      and abnormal results on every baby screened in Illinois, (2) recall data
      previously entered and add follow-up criteria, (3) generate form letters, (4)
      track treatment and developmental progress of confirmed clients, (5) maintain
      permanent demographic registries, (6) transfer records to microfiche, and (7)
      generate reports for statistical analysis. The intent of this paper is to
      describe each of the above capabilities and demonstrate how automation has
      enhanced the follow-up component of newborn screening.

PMID- 3411259
TI  - Computer assisted management of a regionalized newborn screening program.
AB  - Through the use of an on-line computer system, the regionalized newborn screening
      program in California has been able to provide overall management, tracking of
      cases requiring follow-up, laboratory quality control, revenue collection, and
      the monitoring of program functionality. In addition, the system acts as a tool
      for research and epidemiological studies.

PMID- 3411261
TI  - Pacific northwest regional newborn screening: a paradigm of prevention.
AB  - We describe the use and early results of the Oregon Public Health Laboratory
      computer to monitor hospital and practitioner compliance with state newborn
      screening recommendations. The system tracks five major categories of screening
      practice in which 18 types of errors affecting screening test quality have been
      identified. Results show that 47.3% of newborn screening specimens were submitted
      incorrectly according to current state recommendations. The program will be used
      to improve screening practices and to evaluate educational efforts.

PMID- 3411263
TI  - Proceedings of the First Workshop on Nosocomial Infection Control. Bangkok, July
      15-17, 1987.

PMID- 3411262
TI  - National surveillance on nosocomial infections: a pilot study.

PMID- 3411264
TI  - The cost comparison and sterility of reusable and disposable syringes and needles
      at Chulalongkorn Hospital.

PMID- 3411265
TI  - Should the open urinary drainage system be continued?

PMID- 3411266
TI  - Prevention of urinary tract infection by instillation of chlorhexidine into
      urinary drainage bags.

PMID- 3411267
TI  - Nosocomial pneumonia caused by contaminated nebulizer.

PMID- 3411269
TI  - Nosocomial infection control in Thailand.

PMID- 3411268
TI  - Outbreaks of Trichophyton mentagrophytes infection in a premature baby ward.

PMID- 3411270
TI  - Epidemiological methods in the study of nosocomial infections.

PMID- 3411271
TI  - Symposium: problems in the study and control of nosocomial infections.

PMID- 3411272
TI  - Abstracts of papers presented at the twenty-seventh Hokkaido regional meeting of
      the Japanese Society of Electron Microscopy. Sapporo, February 7, 1987.

PMID- 3411273
TI  - Abstracts of papers presented at the twenty-ninth Kyushu regional meeting of the
      Japanese Society of Electron Microscopy. Saga, December 5, 1987.

PMID- 3411274
TI  - Magnesium-containing crystals in human dental calculus.

PMID- 3411275
TI  - Low gel temperature agarose encapsulation of small specimens for electron
      microscopy.

PMID- 3411276
TI  - Thirty-second symposium of the Japanese Society of Electron Microscopy. Okayama,
      Japan, October 29-30, 1987. Abstracts.

PMID- 3411277
TI  - Autocrine regulation of casein turnover in goat mammary explants.
AB  - Local feedback control of milk protein secretion was investigated in goat mammary
      explants by measuring degradation of newly synthesized casein in the presence of
      a goat milk whey fraction. Reduced net synthesis of [3H]casein in the presence of
      the milk fraction was due, at least in part, to its degradation during secretion,
      suggesting that this process is under autocrine regulation.

PMID- 3411278
TI  - Early changes in serum concentrations of somatomedin-C induced by dietary protein
      deprivation in rats: contributions of growth hormone receptor and post-receptor
      defects.
AB  - To define the mechanism(s) for the decrease of somatomedin concentrations in
      acute protein malnutrition, we have assessed the relationships between serum
      immunoreactive somatomedin-C/insulin-like growth factor-I (Sm-C/IGF-I), serum
      immunoreactive GH and total (MgCl2-treated homogenates) as well as free (water
      treated homogenates) liver somatogenic (GH) binding sites in growing rats fed a
      5% protein diet for 12 or 24 h and given an s.c. injection(s) of rat GH (rGH) or
      saline. Control rats were fed a 15% protein diet and injected with rGH or saline.
      After 12 and 24 h of protein restriction, body weight was 6.9 and 8.2% below
      controls respectively (P less than 0.001), while Sm-C/IGF-I concentrations were
      reduced by 58 and 66% respectively (P less than 0.001 vs controls). Serum GH
      concentrations were not affected by the low protein intake. Furthermore,
      injection(s) of 50-100 micrograms rGH failed to raise serum Sm-C/IGF-I
      concentrations in the protein-deficient animals. The number of total and free GH
      binding sites was modestly (15-20%) decreased at 12 and 24 h in the protein
      restricted rats. Serum Sm-C/IGF-I concentrations correlated weakly with free and
      total binding sites (r = 0.48 and 0.38 respectively). Affinity constants of GH
      binding sites were not changed by protein restriction. The profound reduction in
      Sm-C/IGF-I concentrations within a few hours of beginning protein restriction,
      and the discordance between this reduction and the small decline in somatogenic
      binding sites, suggests that, in addition to GH receptor loss, a postreceptor
      defect may participate in the GH resistance occurring in the early stages of
      protein deficiency.

PMID- 3411279
TI  - Changes in serum concentrations of steroids during embryonic and post-hatching
      development of male and female Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica).
AB  - Serum concentrations of testosterone, 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone, oestradiol and
      progesterone were measured by radioimmunoassay combined with Celite
      chromatography in male and female Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)
      during the second half of embryonic life (days 9-17 of incubation) and during the
      first 5 weeks after hatching. The mean level of each of the four steroids was
      significantly affected by the age of the birds. An overall effect of sex was
      detected by analysis of variance only on oestradiol concentrations, with females
      having higher serum concentrations than males during most of the age range
      studied. Significant peaks of testosterone and progesterone were also detected
      around hatching time. These results are consistent with the view that oestradiol
      is the major hormone implicated in the sexual differentiation of reproductive
      behaviour in the quail. The relationships between the circulating concentrations
      of oestradiol during ontogeny and the critical period of differentiation as
      postulated by currently accepted models is also discussed.

PMID- 3411280
TI  - Isolation and structural characterization of thymosin-beta 4 from a human
      medullary thyroid carcinoma.
AB  - An extract of a tumour metastases from a human medullary thyroid carcinoma
      contained a high concentration (at least 2.9 nmol/g wet weight) of the
      immunoregulatory peptide, thymosin-beta 4. The peptide was isolated as a mixture
      of two components with free and blocked NH2-terminal amino acid residues, the
      latter form predominating (approximately 98% of the total). The primary structure
      of the peptide was established by automated Edman degradation after cleavage with
      cyanogen bromide. The amino acid sequence of human thymosin-beta 4 was identical
      to thymosin-beta 4 previously isolated from calf thymus. Further studies are
      warranted to determine whether thymosin-beta 4 production is a useful marker for
      thyroid and other tumours.

PMID- 3411281
TI  - Ultra rapid blood sampling for the determination of short-term variations in the
      circulating concentration of oestradiol in man.
AB  - Blood was taken from three healthy female and three healthy male volunteers every
      20 s for 15 min. The serum level of oestradiol was measured and the pattern of
      variation assessed by a cusum plot of the sequential data, by autocorrelation of
      the detrended serial data, and by looking for pulses. In two cases the variation
      in oestradiol values was greater than that which could be attributed to variation
      in the assay. Both these subjects showed a significant overall change in values
      during the sampling period (an increase and a decrease). There was no trend in
      the remaining four subjects. In two of the six subjects there was significant
      autocorrelation of detrended sequential levels. Defining a 'pulse' as three times
      the assay coefficient of variation no more pulses were identified than was
      expected from random fluctuations. By frequency analysis the two subjects with
      significant autocorrelation showed periodic fluctuations of approximately 70/h
      and 9/h respectively. It is apparent that both the rate of sampling and the
      method of analysis greatly influence the evaluation of pulsatile release of
      oestradiol.

PMID- 3411282
TI  - Effect of phorbol esters and diacylglycerol on steroid metabolism in isolated rat
      hepatocytes.
AB  - Hepatocytes, isolated from adult male rats and maintained in serum- and hormone
      free medium, were pretreated with phorbol esters known to activate protein kinase
      C (4 beta-phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate) and to be inactive in this respect (4
      alpha-phorbol and its 12,13-didecanoate ester). Subsequently the cells were
      assayed for steroid-metabolizing capacity using androst-4-ene-3,17-dione as
      substrate. The active phorbol ester was seen to inhibit steroid metabolism
      markedly after 1 h whereas the inactive derivatives did not show this effect. The
      endogenous activator of protein kinase C (diacylglycerol) was also seen to
      inhibit steroid metabolism in a manner similar to the 4 beta-phorbol ester.
      Hepatic steroid metabolism is, thus, inhibited by activation of protein kinase C
      and this may be one of the mechanisms by which the regulatory hormones (e.g.
      growth hormone) affect steroid metabolism in the liver.

PMID- 3411283
TI  - Reductions in plasma LH concentration and testicular weight in ring doves
      following intracranial injection of prolactin or growth hormone.
AB  - Testicular weights and concentrations of LH in plasma were measured in
      individually housed adult male ring doves given five daily
      intracerebroventricular injections of saline-NaHCO3 vehicle (2 microliter), ovine
      prolactin (0.1, 0.5, 1.0 or 2.0 micrograms/day), turkey prolactin (1.0
      micrograms/day), turkey GH (1.0 micrograms/day) or ovine GH (1.0 micrograms/day).
      Administration of ovine prolactin resulted in a dose-dependent suppression of
      plasma LH concentration, with values in the two highest dose groups averaging
      three- to fivefold less than those of vehicle-injected controls. Reductions of
      similar magnitude were obtained following intracranial administration of turkey,
      ovine or human GH. Whilst effective in reducing plasma LH, turkey prolactin was
      less effective than an equivalent dose of ovine prolactin. Testicular regression
      was observed in all treatment groups which showed a significant decrease in
      plasma LH concentrations. Because crop sacs remained undeveloped in all treatment
      groups, it was concluded that these centrally administered hormones acted
      primarily at the level of the brain or pituitary to exert their suppressive
      effects. The possibility that prolactin and GH interact with different binding
      sites to inhibit LH secretion is discussed, together with evidence for a possible
      role of prolactin and GH in gonadotrophin regulation under normal physiological
      conditions.

PMID- 3411284
TI  - Role of the ovaries in inducing mammogenesis in pregnant pigs.
AB  - Ovariectomy, but not removal of the corpora lutea, of gilts at mid-pregnancy
      delayed the onset of lobulo-alveolar development in the mammary glands.
      Lactogenesis at the time of parturition was delayed by both ovariectomy and
      removal of the corpora lutea.

PMID- 3411285
TI  - The isolation, purification and some properties of pheromaxein, the pheromonal
      steroid-binding protein, in porcine submaxillary glands and saliva.
AB  - Pheromaxein, the 16-androstene steroid-binding protein with a relative molecular
      mass of 15,000 was isolated in sub-milligram quantities from the submaxillary
      gland and saliva of the Gottingen miniature boar, after a fourfold purification
      involving the following methods: ultrafiltration for submaxillary gland cytosols
      and ethanol precipitation for saliva, Concanavalin-A-Sepharose affinity
      chromatography, sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis,
      'Extractigel-D' affinity chromatography (to remove sodium dodecyl sulphate) and
      fast protein-liquid chromatography. Yields of purified pheromaxein obtained after
      fast protein-liquid chromatography represented 10-20% of total protein present in
      an ultrafiltrate of a submaxillary gland cytosol. Fast protein-liquid
      chromatography separated the alpha- and beta-charge isomers of pheromaxein which
      were shown to have isoelectric points of 4.78 and 5.35 respectively on flat-bed
      isoelectric focusing. Some data are provided for the variable occurrence of the
      isomeric forms of pheromaxein in relation to different breeds of pig. Five 16
      unsaturated steroids showed the highest binding to pheromaxein. Other steroids of
      the 5 alpha- and 5 beta-androstane series also showed some binding to
      pheromaxein, i.e. 17 beta-hydroxy-5 alpha-androstan-3-one (19.2%), with 5 alpha
      androstan-3-one, which has a similar urinous odour to 5 alpha-androst-16-en-3
      one, showing the greatest binding (42.6%) relative to 5 alpha-androst-16-en-3-one
      (100%).

PMID- 3411286
TI  - Efficacy and specificity of monoclonal antibodies to progesterone in preventing
      the establishment of pregnancy in the mouse.
AB  - Anti-progesterone monoclonal antibody prevents the establishment of pregnancy in
      BALB/c mice by the prevention of implantation when injected i.p. 32 h after
      mating. To determine the specificity of this effect, mice were injected with
      immune and non-immune purified mouse immunoglobulins. The results show that anti
      implantation efficacy was due to high-affinity antibody which bound progesterone
      since two further mouse immunoglobulin (Ig) G1 preparations, mouse IgA and mouse
      IgM which failed to bind the steroid, had no effect on pregnancy rates. From a
      panel of anti-progesterone monoclonal antibodies, six with a high affinity
      (affinity constant, 0.24-0.80 litres/nmol) and specificity for progesterone were
      selected for additional studies. Anti-implantation efficacy for five antibodies
      was similar, with a 50% effective dose within the range of 0.8-2.0 nmol. Antibody
      reached high concentrations in plasma within 12 h after i.p. injection, and
      declined with a half-life of about 80 h. Purified F(ab')2 fragments of antibody
      also bound progesterone, but were less effective than the native molecule in
      blocking pregnancy. The results show that implantation in the mouse can be
      blocked by a high-affinity antibody that binds progesterone and which is removed
      from the blood at a slow rate.

PMID- 3411287
TI  - Effects of 4-hydroxyandrostenedione and exogenous testosterone on blood
      concentrations of oestradiol and oviducal embryo transport in the rat.
AB  - The effect of decreasing oestrogen secretion on the oviducal migration of embryos
      was investigated in pregnant rats. The reduction of oestradiol production was
      achieved by administration of the aromatase inhibitor 4-hydroxy-4-androstene-3,17
      dione (4-OH-A) at various times after coitus. When 4-OH-A was administered from
      days 2 to 5, nearly half the embryos were retained in the oviducts at midday on
      day 5 of pregnancy, in contrast with control animals in which all embryos were
      transferred to the uterus. Shorter treatments were less effective. The rate of
      secretion of oestradiol from the ovary on days 2-5 of pregnancy in control rats
      was low in the morning and high in the afternoon. Treatment with 4-OH-A from days
      2 to 5 reduced the secretory surges of oestradiol in the afternoon by 77% without
      significantly changing the progesterone output. Systemic testosterone levels were
      significantly increased by this treatment. To assess whether changes in the
      transport of ova were due to an increase in testosterone concentrations the
      influence of exogenous testosterone on embryo transport and oestradiol production
      was tested. Testosterone administered by subdermal implants from days 2 or 3 to
      day 5 disturbed embryo transport in a manner similar to that of 4-OH-A. The
      longest period of testosterone administration decreased ovarian oestradiol
      production by 82% without changing the secretion of progesterone.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3411288
TI  - Young children's use of spatial categorization as a mnemonic strategy.
AB  - The interdependence of knowledge and strategic behavior is becoming increasingly
      well established. The purpose of this research was to determine whether young
      children could use spatial categorization--a cognitive skill well within the
      repertoire of even 2-year-olds--as a mnemonic strategy. The results of three
      studies revealed that young children are capable of spatially organizing objects
      as a strategy in the service of future retrieval. There were clear developmental
      trends in the strategic deployment of categorization. Although there was some
      evidence of the mnemonic use of perceptually defined categories by 2- and 3-year
      olds, these children rarely executed the strategy effectively. Four-year-old
      children were quite successful at exploiting perceptually defined categories to
      aid retrieval. By five years of age, children were able, in addition, to actively
      construct physical categories based on an internal representation and use them in
      the service of memory.

PMID- 3411289
TI  - Staphylococcal alpha toxin promotes blood coagulation via attack on human
      platelets.
AB  - Staphylococcus aureus plays a major role as a bacterial pathogen in human
      medicine, causing diseases that range from superficial skin and wound to systemic
      nosocomial infections . The majority of S. aureus strains produces a toxin, a
      proteinaceous exotoxin whose hemolytic, dermonecrotic, and lethal properties have
      long been known (1-6). The toxin is secreted as a single- chained,
      nonglycosylated polypeptide with a M(r) of 3.4 x 10(4) (7, 8). The protein
      spontaneously binds to lipid monolayers and bilayers (9-14), producing functional
      transmembrane pores that have been sized to 1.5-2.0-nm diameters (15-18). The
      majority of pores formed at high toxin concentrations (20 mug/ml) is visible in
      the electron microscope as circularized rings with central pores of approximately
      2 nm in diameter. The rings have been isolated, and molecular weight
      determinations indicate that they represent hexamers of the native toxin (7). We
      have proposed that transmembrane leakiness is due to embedment of these ring
      structures in the bilayer, with molecular flux occurring through the central
      channels (15, 19). Pore formation is dissectable into two steps (20, 21). Toxin
      monomers first bind to the bilayer without invoking bilayer leakiness . Membrane
      bound monomers then laterally diffuse and associate to form non-covalently bonded
      oligomers that generate the pores. When toxin pores form in membranes of
      nucleated cells, they may elicit detrimental secondary effects by serving as
      nonphysiologic calcium channels, influx of this cation triggering diverse
      reactions, including release of potent lipid mediators originating from the
      arachidonate cascade (22-24). That alpha toxin represents an important factor of
      staphylococcal pathogenicity has been clearly established in several models of
      animal infections through the use of genetically engineered bacterial strains
      deleted of an active alpha toxin gene (25-27). Whether the toxin is
      pathogenetically relevant in human disease, however, is a matter of continuing
      debate. Doubts surrounding this issue originate from two main findings. First,
      whereas 60 percent hemolysis of washed rabbit erythrocytes is effected by
      approximately 75 ng/ml alpha toxin, approximately 100-fold concentrations are
      required to effect similar lysis of human cells (4-6, 13). The general consensus
      is that human cells display a natural resistance towards toxin attack. The reason
      for the wide inter-species variations in susceptibility towards alpha toxin is
      unknown but does not seem to be due to the presence or absence of high-affinity
      binding sites on the respective target cells (20, 21). Second, low-density
      lipoprotein (28) and neutralizing antibodies present in plasma of all healthy
      human individuals inactivate a substantial fraction of alpha toxin in vitro.
      These inactivating mechanisms presumably further raise the concentration
      threshold required for effective toxin attack, and it is most unlikely that such
      high toxin levels will ever be encountered during infections in the human
      organism. The aforegoing arguments rest on the validity of two general
      assumptions. First, the noted natural resistance of human erythrocytes to alpha
      toxin must be exhibited by other human cells. Second, toxin neutralization by
      plasma components, usually tested and quantified after their preincubation with
      toxin in vitro, must be similarly effective under natural conditions, and
      protection afforded by these components must not be restricted to specific cell
      species.

PMID- 3411290
TI  - Tumor necrosis factor/cachectin-induced intravascular fibrin formation in meth A
      fibrosarcomas.
AB  - Recent studies have indicated that TNF can promote activation of the coagulation
      mechanism by modulating coagulant properties of endothelial cells. In this
      report, we demonstrate that infusion of low concentrations of TNF (3
      micrograms/animal) into mice bearing meth A fibrosarcomas leads to localized
      fibrin deposition with formation of occlusive intravascular thrombi in close
      association with the endothelial cell surface. Studies with 125I-fibrinogen
      showed tenfold enhanced accumulation of radioactivity in tumor within 2 h after
      TNF infusion. Western blots of tumor extracts subjected to SDS-PAGE and
      visualized with a fibrin-specific mAb indicated that fibrin forms in the tumor
      after the TNF infusion. Electron microscopic studies demonstrated fibrin strands,
      based on the characteristic 21-nm periodicity, which appeared to be adherent to
      the endothelial cell surface. Further ultrastructural studies indicated that
      fibrin formation, first evident within 30 min of the TNF infusion, led to
      occlusive thrombi limited to the tumor vascular bed (i.e., not in the normal
      mouse vasculature) within 2 h and was associated with an 80% reduction in tumor
      perfusion based on studies with Evans blue. In view of previous work concerning
      TNF induction of endothelial cell procoagulant activity, the hypothesis that
      tumor cell products prime the response of endothelium to this cytokine was
      tested. Supernatants of cultured meth A fibrosarcomas obtained serum-free
      conditions, which had no intrinsic procoagulant activity, considerably enhanced
      tissue factor induction in endothelium in response to submaximal concentrations
      of TNF. The factor(s) in the tumor-conditioned medium appeared to be distinct
      from IL-1, fibroblast growth factor, IFN-gamma, TNF, endotoxin, TGF-alpha, and
      TGF-beta. These studies delineate a novel model of localized clot formation in
      which thrombosis is initiated by a pathophysiologic mediator, TNF, and provides
      an opportunity to examine mechanisms in the microenvironment directing clot
      formation to the tumor vascular bed.

PMID- 3411291
TI  - Immunological responsiveness of neonatal A/J mice to isotypic determinants of
      syngeneic IgE.
AB  - We have previously shown that adult A/J mice produce high titers of anti-IgE with
      isotypic or idiotypic specificities in response to challenge with a conjugate of
      KLH with syngeneic monoclonal IgE. Thus, B cells that can synthesize anti-IgE are
      present in the mice. Adult mice are unresponsive to unconjugated IgE in CFA,
      suggesting that tolerance exists at the level of T cells. The present study shows
      that neonatal mice produce anti-IgE antibodies in response to unconjugated IgE in
      CFA, but that this capacity is lost after the age of 2-3 wk. The loss of
      responsiveness corresponds closely with the appearance of detectable IgE in
      serum, suggesting that the IgE may induce tolerance. The affinities of anti-IgE
      antibodies produced by neonatal mice fall in the range of values obtained with
      KLH-IgE in adult mice. Tolerance to unconjugated IgE in CFA can be induced in
      neonatal mice by administration of IgE in saline. In addition, the tolerant state
      can be induced by adoptive transfer of spleen cells from adult mice. The time
      dependent acquisition of tolerance provides a useful model for studying
      mechanisms of tolerance and autoimmunity.

PMID- 3411294
TI  - The determination of bilirubin with a new enzymatic method (Dri-STAT bilirubin)
      using the Hitachi 704 selective analyzer.
AB  - A new enzymatic method for the determination of bilirubin in serum and plasma by
      means of a Hitachi 704 selective analyzer was evaluated. This endpoint method (37
      degrees C) including a sample blank showed very reliable results. The range of
      linearity was 0.3 to 437 mumol/l bilirubin. The within-run imprecision of three
      different bilirubin concentrations (n = 16) was 0.37, 0.44 and 0.76% (coefficient
      of variation). Between-assay imprecision (n = 15) was 0.51 to 1.76% (coefficient
      of variation) for five different control materials. Inaccuracy, determined with 5
      control sera (assigned values: 19, 23.9, 90.7, 142.0 and 295.6 mumol/l
      bilirubin), was 0.14 to 4.27%. Recovery rates, determined in two spiked plasma
      samples, were 97.8% and 99.1%, and in six bilirubin standard solutions between 92
      and 99%. The comparison with the routinely used 2.5-dichlorophenyl diazonium salt
      method as well as with the Jendrassik & Grof [1938) Biochem. Z. 297, 81-89)
      method as the reference yielded correlation coefficients of r = 0.997 and r =
      0.998.

PMID- 3411292
TI  - Induction of arthritis in monkeys by immunization with type II collagen.
AB  - Immunization of two cynomolugus and three rhesus monkeys with purified type II
      collagen resulted in the development of polyarthritis. Arthritis first became
      clinically apparent 7 wk after primary immunization and persisted for 16 mo.
      Radiologic examination of the limbs demonstrated soft tissue swelling with severe
      joint destruction including loss of cartilage and bone. Involved joints
      eventually became ankylosed with permanent loss of some motion. All of the
      monkeys developed a response to the immunizing collagen as determined by ELISA of
      serum for antibodies. Arthritis was associated with weight loss and
      constitutional symptoms, including lethargy and refusal to eat. One monkey became
      so debilitated that it was necessary to euthanize it. Histologic examination of
      the joints showed synovial hypertrophy with pannus formation. A control monkey
      immunized with type I collagen suffered no apparent ill effects.

PMID- 3411295
TI  - Evaluation of a novel Bayesian method for individualizing theophylline dosage.
AB  - A novel Bayesian drug dosing program (Abbott Pharmacokinetic Systems,
      Theophylline Program) was evaluated. The predictive accuracy of this method was
      assessed in 10 healthy volunteers receiving single intravenous test doses.
      Estimates for clearance and distribution volume were compared with those obtained
      from the area under the curve. The observed prediction error depended largely on
      sampling time. The deviations were lowest for the distribution volume during the
      first 60 min and for clearance at 12 hours after theophylline administration.
      Furthermore the Bayesian technique was prospectively evaluated in 10 hospitalized
      and 22 outpatients treated with sustained-release theophylline preparations
      (Uniphyllin, Bronchoretard, PulmiDur). Predictive precision and accuracy were
      adequate, if theophylline was given twice daily. The highest predictive accuracy
      was achieved in outpatients, if predictions were based on trough concentrations.
      In 19/22 outpatients prediction errors were within a clinically acceptable range
      (mean prediction error +/- standard deviation; -0.6 +/- 2.1 mg/l). Moreover in
      hospitalized patients (n = 5) with twice-daily maintenance regimens,
      concentration-time curves could mainly be predicted with sufficient accuracy.
      Hospitalized patients (n = 5) with once-daily dosing showed large fluctuations
      between peak and trough theophylline concentrations in serum. In these patients a
      reliable prediction of the concentration-time curves was not possible apparently
      due to non-linearity of theophylline kinetics. Relatively large prediction errors
      were found in one patient with acute viral respiratory illness and 3 patients
      with altered absorption. Despite certain limitations the clinical application of
      the Bayesian forecasting method tested appears to be promising.

PMID- 3411293
TI  - Spontaneous production of tumor necrosis factor alpha by Kupffer cells of MRL/lpr
      mice.
AB  - We report that freshly isolated, unstimulated Kupffer cells (KC) from MRL/lpr
      female mice in short-term culture spontaneously produce high levels of TNF-alpha.
      TNF production was first detected in KC cultures at age 6 wk and increased with
      the age of the mice. Moreover, the levels of spontaneous TNF production by KC
      directly correlated with the age of the MRL/lpr mice. Although TNF production by
      KC could be induced with C. parvum in vivo or LPS in vitro in all nonautoimmune
      C3H/HeN, BALB/c, DBA/2, C57B16 mice, the only other strain in which spontaneous
      TNF production by KC was observed was MRL/++ mice greater than 10 mo old.

PMID- 3411296
TI  - International Federation of Clinical Chemistry, Education Committee, Expert Panel
      on Instrumentation: guidelines (1988) for preparation of laboratory procedure
      manuals for clinical chemistry.

PMID- 3411297
TI  - Characterization of Berne virus genomic and messenger RNAs.
AB  - From 380S particles of Berne virus (proposed family Toroviridae) one species of
      polyadenylated RNA was isolated. Using agarose gel electrophoresis its length was
      estimated as 20 kb or greater. When assayed under hypertonic transfection
      conditions genomic RNA was found to be infectious; RNase treatment destroyed the
      infectivity. The positive polarity of the molecule was confirmed by filter spot
      hybridization using cDNA prepared against poly(A)-selected RNA from infected
      cells. In embryonic mule skin cells infected with Berne virus the presence of
      five virus-specific, polyadenylated RNA species of 7.5, 2.1, 1.4, 0.8 and at
      least 20 kb was demonstrated. In vitro translation of the 7.5, 2.1 and 0.8 kb
      RNAs followed by immunoprecipitation showed that they encode a 151K product
      (possibly the precursor to the peplomer proteins), the envelope protein and the
      nucleocapsid protein, respectively.

PMID- 3411298
TI  - Susceptibility and resistance of inbred strains of Syrian golden hamsters
      (Mesocricetus auratus) to wasting disease caused by lymphocytic choriomeningitis
      virus: pathogenesis of lethal and non-lethal infections.
AB  - In different strains of inbred Syrian golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus), the
      lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) strains WE and Armstrong (ARM) produced
      systemic infection with infective virus and viral antigens detected predominantly
      in reticuloendothelial organs. Host and virus strain-dependent fatal wasting
      disease also occurred. After infection with WE, all MHA and PD4 hamsters died of
      a progressive wasting disease and infectivity persisted in organs at relatively
      high titres. LSH and CB strain hamsters resisted lethal disease and totally
      eliminated infection. LVG and LHC strain hamsters were intermediate in
      susceptibility to WE; some died of wasting and had persistently infected organs,
      while others cleared infection and survived. ARM was avirulent causing an
      inapparent infection in all hamsters. LCMV antibody responses were temporally
      comparable for all hamsters with either lethal or non-lethal infection.
      Histologically, lymphoid hyperplasia and low-grade systemic perivascular
      mononuclear leukocyte infiltration were found in all LCMV-infected hamsters.
      However, non-necrotic segmental ileal changes, which included vascular
      congestion, minimal haemorrhage and crypt epithelial growth extension into the
      intestinal wall, were found in susceptible hamsters when infected with the lethal
      WE strain.

PMID- 3411299
TI  - DNA sequence of the adenovirus type 41 hexon gene and predicted structure of the
      protein.
AB  - The gene for the major capsid protein (hexon) of human adenovirus type 41 (Ad41)
      has been isolated and the complete DNA sequence determined. Comparison of the
      predicted amino acid sequence with hexons from human Ad2 and Ad5 and bovine
      adenovirus type 3 reveals regions of high homology at the N and C termini
      separated by a central region of low homology. Fitting of the Ad41 hexon sequence
      to the known three-dimensional structure of the Ad2 hexon demonstrates that both
      hexons have a common architecture. Regions of the hexon which in the trimer
      constitute the pseudohexagonal base are highly conserved, with the major amino
      acid changes concentrated in the domains forming the triangular towers which
      represent the surface of the capsid. Changes in the Ad41 towers therefore permit
      the virus to present a unique surface to the environment while conservation of
      residues in the base maintains the integrity of hexon-hexon contacts. A striking
      difference is the absence in the Ad41 sequence of 32 amino acids which are
      present in the Ad2 sequence. In Ad2 this region is highly charged and may be
      responsible for pH-induced conformational changes within the virus capsid. The
      DNA sequence in the region surrounding the Ad41 hexon gene was also determined
      and revealed an open reading frame which appeared to code for the homologue of
      the Ad2-coded endoprotease. Comparison of the predicted amino acid sequences of
      the Ad41 and Ad2 proteins revealed a high degree of homology suggesting that this
      protein may have an important role in the infectious cycle of the virus.

PMID- 3411300
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding the matrix protein of a recent measles
      virus isolate.
AB  - The sequence of the M gene of the Hu2 strain of measles virus has been
      determined. In the coding region of the gene, six nucleotide replacements had
      occurred with respect to the sequence of the M gene of the Edmonston strain. Two
      of these were silent and only four led to amino acid replacements in the protein
      sequence even though in SDS-PAGE the mobility of the protein would indicate an Mr
      increase of 2000. No changes were observed in the 5' untranslated regions of the
      gene. Two changes were observed in the 3' untranslated region of the gene. The
      sequences are compared to those recently published for subacute sclerosing
      panencephalitis viruses.

PMID- 3411301
TI  - [13th European Seminar on Genetic Counseling. Athens, Greece, 2-5 October 1987.
      2].

PMID- 3411302
TI  - [Bourneville's tuberous sclerosis and genetic counseling. Study of 36 families].
AB  - From their own experience, the authors grapple with the difficulties of the
      genetic counselling in the tuberous sclerosis. They dwell on the necessity of
      undertaking a very full assessment in the parents of the apparently isolated
      cases. It includes skin examination, fundoscopy, cranial CT scanning, renal
      imaging and echocardiography. After these investigations which may need to be
      done to make or to exclude the diagnosis, it will be possible to quantify new
      mutations. Nevertheless the exceptional description of pedigrees with incomplete
      penetrance cannot be forgotten for the genetic counselling. It is likely however
      that most of these problems will not be resolved until accurate genetic markers
      are obtained.

PMID- 3411303
TI  - [Spreading of the gene for myotonic dystrophy in Saguenay (Quebec)].
AB  - The prevalence of the myotonic dystrophy (Steinert disease) is about 1/475 in the
      Saguenay region, located in the North-east of the province of Quebec (Canada).
      About 600 cases are currently known in a population of 285,000 inhabitants. This
      disease is an autosomal dominant disorder which causes a general muscular
      degeneration. Usually, it is also associated with a lower fertility, if not
      sterility, among the affected families. Another element of the phenotype is a
      higher infant mortality rate among cases. In the light of those traits, the very
      high prevalence of the disease in the Saguenay population becomes rather
      puzzling. It is the subject of this research. Using a computerized population
      register, we have been able to analyze the genealogies of the patients and their
      family history. In the overall, two basic factors account for the wide
      transmission of the gene: a) an immigration stream from a neighbouring region
      (Charlevoix) may have brought between 57 and 77 patients into the Saguenay since
      1840; b) the cases proved to be by and large as fertile as controls (an average
      of 9.2 births among 85 affected families). The paper also presents a genealogical
      inference program used to ascertain cases among ancestors, along with data on the
      history of the gene, nuptiality, geographical and occupational mobility. In the
      overall, we have not been able to bring out an important selective disadvantage
      against the patients.

PMID- 3411304
TI  - [Marfan disease].
AB  - After reviewing the main features of the Marfan syndrome (musculoskeletal,
      ocular, cardiovascular, pulmonary abnormalities), its autosomal dominant
      inheritance with high penetrance but variable phenotype and presence of "soft"
      conditions preventing an easy diagnosis, the authors report their own data
      relevant to 73 probands: ratio of each clinical manifestation, state of 34% of
      familial cases and display of a paternal age effect in the sporadic cases. The
      pathogenic defect is unknown as like the location of the gene. The difficulties
      of the genetic counseling are then approached: unpredictability of the severity
      and of the prognosis in the unborn children of an affected patient, benefit of
      the echocardiography in the management of people at risk.

PMID- 3411305
TI  - [The Ehlers-Danlos and Marfan syndromes in young children].
AB  - Early diagnosis of Ehlers-Danlos and Marfan syndromes in children is illustrated
      by personal case histories. EDS type IV was suspected in a 3 years old child on
      the basis of minor clinical signs with positive familial history. Detection of a
      collagen type III defect in cultured skin fibroblasts confirmed the diagnosis.
      Using a restriction site polymorphism associated with the structural gene for
      human type III collagen (COL3A1), tight linkage was found between the polymorphic
      allele and the clinical expression of the disease. The diagnosis of Marfan
      syndrome was suspected in a 12 years old girl and her 2 years old brother on the
      basis of major clinical signs and confirmed after measurement of body proportions
      and echographic examination. Further biochemical and molecular investigations
      were not informative. The new therapeutic perspectives in the two syndromes are
      briefly discussed.

PMID- 3411306
TI  - [Variable expression of an autosomal dominant syndrome: (BBB syndrome or G
      syndrome)].
AB  - We report a family in which Opitz-Frias G syndrome is expressed across 4
      generations. The propositus displays hypertelorism, low grade hypospadias, cleft
      palate and lips and cleft larynx, making the diagnosis of G syndrome very likely.
      A cousin of his mother discloses similar clefts, vulviform hypospadias, anal
      imperforation and mental retardation. His clinical appearance fits perfectly the
      diagnosis of BBB syndrome. A nephew shows ambiguous genitalia and hypertelorism.
      Authors suggest the lumping of the BBB and the G syndrome.

PMID- 3411307
TI  - [Evaluation of the risk in autosomal dominant diseases].
AB  - A lot of traps and difficulties complicate the estimation of a genetic risk in
      the autosomal dominant diseases. The authors recapitulate the notions of
      mutation, penetrance and variability and illustrate by some examples the part of
      each of them, isolated or associated together. The increasing of molecular
      biology allows to resolve some of these problems, but generate new dangers which
      are analysed and illustrated.

PMID- 3411308
TI  - Assessment of human immunodeficiency virus expression in cocultures of peripheral
      blood mononuclear cells from healthy seropositive subjects.
AB  - We have evaluated a number of methodological variables effecting the expression
      of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in cultured peripheral blood mononuclear
      cells (PBMCs) of 93 healthy anti-HIV-positive and 72 healthy seronegative
      subjects. For optimal HIV recovery, PBMCs had to be freshly separated from whole
      blood. Short-term freezing of purified PBMCs was practically advantageous and
      actually resulted in more rapid virus recovery. The minimal number of PBMCs
      necessary for virus expression was determined by dilutional cultures and varied
      from 10(2) to 10(6) cells. HIV expression was demonstrated initially at the
      cellular level by immunocytochemical detection of HIV core and envelope proteins
      using a mixture of monoclonal antibodies, subsequently confirmed by detection of
      viral antigens and reverse transcriptase (RT) in the culture supernatants. HIV
      recovery was not improved following induction with 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (IUDR)
      and only marginally improved following depletion of the CD8+-suppressor cell
      population in the PBMC specimens. The overall frequency of HIV detection in
      cultures was 84% in healthy seropositive subjects, whereas none of the PBMCs from
      72 seronegative persons yielded HIV expression.

PMID- 3411309
TI  - Incidence and significance of hepatitis B core antibody in a healthy blood donor
      population.
AB  - To determine the current incidence of hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) in a
      healthy blood donor population, 1,893 donors were screened for anti-HBc. Forty
      one (2.16%) were found to be initially positive and 35 (1.85%) repeatably
      positive. Sera from the repeatably positive donors were further screened for
      hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs), and hepatitis B virus DNA (HBV DNA) by
      dot hybridisation. The repeatably positive donors were subsequently recalled for
      further investigation, and their peripheral blood lymphocytes were also screened
      for HBV DNA by dot hybridisation. Eighteen (51.4%) of the anti-HBc-positive
      donors were also anti-HBs-positive. HBV DNA was not detected in the serum or the
      lymphocytes of any of the anti-HBc-positive donors.

PMID- 3411311
TI  - The language of altered states.
AB  - To compare the subjective experience of different forms of altered states of
      consciousness, computerized content analysis was applied to 66 autobiographical
      accounts of schizophrenia, hallucinogenic drug states, or mystical ecstasy and to
      28 autobiographical control accounts of important personal experiences. The
      patterns of lexical choice used by the four groups were significantly different
      in word frequencies from 49 of 83 lexical categories measured. When data from the
      13 most statistically significant categories were used in discriminant and
      classification analyses, 84% of the samples were correctly identified by their
      word frequencies. These findings suggest that the subjective experiences of
      schizophrenia, hallucinogenic drug-induced states, and mystical ecstasy are more
      different from one another than alike.

PMID- 3411310
TI  - Failure of influenza vaccination in the aged.
AB  - A cohort of 127 nursing home residents aged 60-98 years were vaccinated during
      the winter of 1985-86 with the A-Chile 1/83 (C), A-Philippines 2/82 (P), and B
      USSR (B) commercial influenza vaccines. Before vaccination 40%, 23%, and 69% were
      susceptible to influenza Ac, Ap, and B, respectively [hemagglutinin inhibition
      (H.I.) titer less than 1:40]. One month following initial vaccination, 32
      patients [25%] remained unprotected against two or all three vaccine strains.
      These patients were revaccinated with the same influenza vaccine and followed up.
      At five months 11%, 19%, and 23% of the initial cohort were still unprotected
      against Ac, Ap, and B strains, respectively. We conclude that two conventional
      influenza vaccines administered one month apart leave unprotected 30% of healthy
      elderly people who are initial influenza vaccine failures.

PMID- 3411312
TI  - Is the counselor an "active ingredient" in substance abuse rehabilitation? An
      examination of treatment success among four counselors.
AB  - The impact of the counselor in substance abuse rehabilitation has been
      questioned. The unexpected resignations of two counselors provided a natural
      opportunity to examine the effects of counselor assignment in a methadone
      maintenance treatment program with the effects of the medication philosophy,
      program rules, and supplementary services held constant. Sixty-one patients who
      had been assigned to these two counselors were assigned to four other counselors
      in a virtually random manner. It was reasoned that if the new counselor had
      relatively little impact, then there would be little difference in performance
      from pre to posttransfer or among the four caseloads during the 6-month period
      following the transfer. Performance measures included urinalysis results,
      methadone dosage, prescriptions for psychotropic medications, employment, and
      arrest rates. Results indicated statistically significant and clinically
      meaningful differences in the posttransfer performance of the four caseloads. One
      counselor significantly reduced the average methadone dose of his/her caseload as
      well as the number of patients prescribed ancillary medications, while
      concurrently reducing positive urine tests, unemployment and arrests. In
      contrast, another counselor significantly increased the average methadone dose in
      his/her caseload but still showed increases in positive urine tests and
      unemployment. As has been found in prior studies, background and formal education
      differences among the counselors were not related to the observed performance
      differences. However, differences in the content and process of counseling among
      the counselors were associated with the differences in patient outcome. These
      process differences are discussed in relation to earlier studies of professional
      psychotherapy.

PMID- 3411313
TI  - Somatoform disorder in a psychiatric setting. Systematic comparisons with
      depression and anxiety disorders.
AB  - Somatoform disorder (SD) is recognized as an important clinical entity in general
      medicine although its psychiatric nature is insufficiently appreciated. Its
      prevalence and descriptive validity among psychiatric patients have not been
      investigated. These two aspects of SD are examined by comparing it with
      depressive and anxiety disorders, both of which include somatic symptoms and
      often are confounded with it. A semistructured evaluation procedure applied in a
      naturalistic clinical setting yielded a diagnosis and ratings of a large array of
      symptoms. The relative rarity of SD stands out, as well as the unique way in
      which it tends to be used in diagnostic formulations of psychiatric patients
      seeking evaluation and care. These results may reflect these patients' reluctance
      to seek psychiatric care and to define their problems as mental, as well as the
      bias of clinicians working in psychiatric settings geared to looking for
      traditional psychopathology. The distinguishing symptoms of SD vis-a-vis
      depressive and anxiety syndromes are outlined. These symptoms suggest that SD
      patients resemble depressives, but harbor traits that reflect personality and
      interpersonal difficulties. However, rater bias may have influenced these results
      as well.

PMID- 3411314
TI  - Four types of social phobia in a community sample.
AB  - Point prevalence rates and demographic characteristics associated with four
      specific forms of social phobia (public speaking/performing, writing in front of
      others, eating in restaurants, and use of public restrooms) were examined in a
      sample of adult residents of the greater St. Louis area. Diagnoses were
      determined by structured interview in accordance with DSM-III criteria. An
      unadjusted prevalence rate of 22.6% was found for all four social phobias
      combined. Application of DSM-III significant distress criteria resulted in a
      prevalence rate of 2.0%. Public speaking/performing phobias were by far the most
      common (20.6%). Prevalence rates of 2.8%, 1.2%, and 0.2% were found for phobias
      related to writing, eating, and use of public restrooms, respectively. Social
      phobias were more common among women than men. No other demographic differences
      were found between social phobics and the rest of the sample. Results of this
      study suggest a higher prevalence of social phobia than has been indicated by
      prior research. Explanations for and implications of these findings are
      discussed.

PMID- 3411315
TI  - The placebo effect in agoraphobia--II.
AB  - Analyses in 44 agoraphobic patients given single-blind placebo over a two-week
      period, without the customary confound of instructions of exposure to phobic
      situations, replicated previous findings of a weak placebo response in that there
      were statistically, but not clinically, significant reductions in panic and
      phobic symptoms. Further analyses of a representative subsample of 10 patients
      who continued to receive placebo revealed that the placebo response was
      maintained and even increased at the end of 10 weeks when 20% to 30% of the
      patients could be classified as marked responders on key panic and phobic
      measures. Results also revealed an interesting observation that most of the
      improvement in panic, anxiety, and depression occurred early whereas improvement
      in phobic measures was more gradual and increased significantly over time.
      Implications for clinical research are briefly discussed.

PMID- 3411316
TI  - Measurement of dissociation.
AB  - Dissociation, a failure to integrate thoughts, feelings, and actions into
      consciousness, has been hypothesized to be the mechanism by which classical
      "hysterical" phenomena (e.g., trance states, conversion symptoms, multiple
      personality) are produced. With the exception of a recent article by Bernstein
      and Putnam (J Nerv Ment Dis 174:727-735, 1986), no standardized techniques are
      available to study or quantify this construct. A scale, the Questionnaire of
      Experiences of Dissociation, has been developed and extensively tested in the
      general population. The QED demonstrates good reliability and validity and is
      offered as an alternate assessment technique for the study of dissociation.

PMID- 3411317
TI  - Synthesis, spectroscopic, and antitumor activity of metal chelates of S-methyl-N
      (l-isoquinolyl)-methylendithiocarbazate.
AB  - Complexes of Mn(III), Fe(III), Fe(II), Co(III), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), and
      Pt(II) with S-methyl-N-(l-isoquinolyl) methylendithiocarbazate (N-N-SH) were
      isolated and characterized by elemental analysis, conductance measurement,
      magnetic susceptibilities, and spectroscopic studies. On the basis of these
      studies, a highly distorted, high-spin, chloro-bridged, polymeric octahedral
      structure for [Mn(N-N-S)Cl2]; a distorted, low-spin, monomeric octahedral
      structure for [Fe(N-N-S)2]; a distorted, high-spin, octahedral structure for
      [Ni(N-N-S)2]; and a square-planar structure for [M(N-N-S)X] (M = Ni, Cu, Pt or Zn
      and X = Cl- or -OAc) are suggested. With Fe(III), the complex [Fe(N-N-S)2][FeCl4]
      was isolated while the Co(II) was oxidized to yield the Co(III) ion as [Co(N-N
      S)2]2[CoCl4]. All these complexes were screened for their antitumor activity
      against P 388 lymphocytic leukemia test system in mice. Except for Mn(III),
      Fe(III), and Co(III) complexes, all were found to possess significant activity;
      the Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes showed a T/C% value of 160 and 195, respectively,
      at their optimum dosages.

PMID- 3411319
TI  - Isolation and immunohistochemical localization of a chondroitin sulfate
      proteoglycan from adult rat brain.
AB  - A chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan called PGM1 has been isolated from the
      particulate fraction of adult rat forebrain. Delipidation of the material,
      solubilization of proteoglycans in guanidinium chloride, precipitation at low
      ionic strength, and final extraction at pH 5.0 were used for its isolation.
      Proteoglycans were subjected to further purification by diethylaminoethyl
      cellulose chromatography. Individual components were separated by gel filtration.
      PGM1 appeared to be a high-molecular-weight chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan,
      capable of strong interaction with hyaluronic acid. It was finally isolated by
      gel filtration on Ultrogel AcA 22 in the presence of 4 M guanidinium chloride.
      Monospecific antibodies obtained in rabbits against the purified molecule did not
      cross-react with other brain proteoglycans. Immunocytochemical techniques
      revealed an almost unique association of this compound with axons, particularly
      those known to contain neurofilaments. However, not all these axons and all parts
      of these axons contained PGM1. This component was not detectable in liver,
      intestine, spleen, kidney, lung, heart, skin, hair, lens, and muscle, a finding
      suggesting a specificity for the nervous tissue. This component is expressed in
      neural cell cultures. Despite the preservation of the neuronal specificity, it
      seems to lose its specific axonal localization in vitro.

PMID- 3411318
TI  - 1H and 31P NMR studies of the binding of low-affinity anions to Cu,Zn superoxide
      dismutase.
AB  - Anions that do not coordinate to the catalytically active copper ion of Cu,Zn
      superoxide dismutase, but still affect the activity of the enzyme by weaker
      interactions with the protein moiety surrounding the active site (low affinity
      anions), uniformly perturbed the 1H NMR line of the NH group of the copper ligand
      His 46. This effect was detected on the enzyme having Co(II) substituted for the
      native Zn(II), in which the resonances of residues bound to the copper are
      detected because of the antiferromagnetic coupling between Cu(II) and Co(II). The
      interaction with the enzyme of phosphate, a good representative of low-affinity
      anions, was also studied by 31P NMR of the native enzyme and of enzyme samples
      covalently modified at all lysines or at the Arg 141, which is 5 A away from the
      copper. The results obtained indicate that Arg 141 is a likely candidate for
      binding of low-affinity anions in the vicinity of the copper and that the 1H NMR
      line of His 46 NH is diagnostic for such an interaction.

PMID- 3411321
TI  - Characterization of in vivo dopamine release as determined by brain microdialysis
      after acute and subchronic implantations: methodological aspects.
AB  - Infusion of tetrodotoxin (TTX) through the dialysis membrane and perfusion with
      calcium-free Ringer solution (calcium depletion) were used to evaluate the
      dopamine release determined by in vivo brain dialysis. Several hours after
      implantation, the dopamine release recorded by the U-shaped cannula did not
      respond to calcium depletion and was only partly (approximately 50%) TTX
      dependent. The half-life of the TTX-independent dopamine overflow was determined
      to be 2 h. In contrast, when a transstriatal cannula was used, the dopamine
      output displayed calcium and TTX dependency. Differences in the dimensions of the
      two types of probes are a likely explanation for the observed effects. Twenty
      four hours after implantation, both types of cannula fulfilled the criteria of
      calcium and TTX dependency. The results indicate that infusion of TTX-containing
      or calcium-free Ringer solution can be used to estimate the functional damage
      caused by the implantation of the cannula.

PMID- 3411320
TI  - Glucocorticoid regulation of spermidine acetylation in the rat brain.
AB  - The effect of glucocorticoids on polyamine metabolism has been elucidated further
      by measuring putrescine, spermidine, and spermine levels as well as ornithine
      decarboxylase, S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase, and N1-acetylspermidine
      transferase activities in the hippocampus, cerebellar cortex, vermis, and deep
      nuclei of adrenalectomized rats. At 6 h after corticosterone or dexamethasone
      administration, the specific activities of ornithine decarboxylase and N1
      acetylspermidine transferase showed the greatest increases in all brain tissues
      examined, and at 12 h, S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase activity was not
      increased significantly. The hippocampus and cerebellar regions displayed
      different responses to corticosterone and dexamethasone, corresponding to the
      distribution of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors. Corticosterone
      and dexamethasone increased ornithine decarboxylase and N1-acetylspermidine
      transferase activities in a dose-dependent manner, with dexamethasone being more
      active than corticosterone in all tissues. However, estradiol, progesterone,
      testosterone, and aldosterone were only active at doses greater than 5 mg/kg. The
      great increases in ornithine decarboxylase and N1-acetylspermidine transferase
      activities were accompanied by a marked increase in putrescine level and a small
      decrease in spermidine level. Our data confirm that the hippocampus and
      cerebellum are glucocorticoid target tissues and suggest that the increase in the
      content of putrescine, following acute treatment with glucocorticoids, is
      dependent on ornithine decarboxylase as well as N1-acetylspermidine transferase
      induction.

PMID- 3411322
TI  - Distribution of thiamine, thiamine phosphates, and thiamine metabolizing enzymes
      in neuronal and glial cell enriched fractions of rat brain.
AB  - The distribution of thiamine, thiamine phosphoesters, and the thiamine
      pyrophosphate synthetizing [thiamine-pyrophosphokinase (TPKase)] as well as
      hydrolyzing [thiamine pyrophosphatase (TPPase) and thiamine monophosphatase
      (TMPase)] enzymes was determined in neuronal and glial enriched fractions
      prepared from rat brain. Nucleoside diphosphatases [inosine diphosphatase
      (IDPase) and uridine diphosphatase (UDPase)] and nucleoside monophosphatases
      [uridine monophosphatase (UMPase) and inosine monophosphatase (IMPase)] were also
      determined. Thiamine and thiamine mono- and pyrophosphate were present in
      neuronal enriched fractions at concentrations 2.8, 3.6, and 4.6 times higher than
      in glial fractions. TMPase was found only in glial enriched fractions, whereas
      the levels of TPKase, UMPase, IMPase, IDPase, UDPase, and TPPase were 2.0-, 2.2-,
      1.3-, 2.8-, 3.7-, and 20.8-fold higher in neuronal than in glial fractions.

PMID- 3411323
TI  - A possible role for taurine in osmoregulation within the brain.
AB  - Intracranial microdialysis was used to measure changes in extracellular amino
      acids within the rat brain during local osmotic alteration of the extracellular
      microenvironment or during systemic water intoxication. Increased cellular
      hydration produced by either of these methods was accompanied by a marked
      increase in extracellular taurine levels without affecting the other amino acids
      measured. With local osmotic alteration, this increase was osmolarity dependent
      and reversible. The specificity, sensitivity, and reversibility of the increase
      in extracellular taurine strongly suggest a functional role in osmoregulation in
      the brain under normal as well as pathological conditions.

PMID- 3411324
TI  - Rapid postmortem increase in extracellular dopamine in the rat brain as assessed
      by brain microdialysis.
AB  - Extracellular dopamine (DA) and its metabolites 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid
      (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA) in rat nucleus accumbens were determined
      before and shortly following death using microdialysis. A maximal 400-fold
      increase in the output of DA was observed within the first 5 min of death. DA
      output remained elevated over the following hour at a level of approximately 70
      fold above pre-death values. In contrast to that of DA, DOPAC and HVA output
      gradually declined. Before death the extracellular DOPAC/DA ratio was about 250;
      after death this ratio dropped to 0.44 at 5 min. These observations may have
      important implications for experiments measuring the output of (endogenous) DA
      and its metabolites from brain tissue in vitro: autoregulation of, e.g.,
      transmitter release and synthesis in vitro may be seriously disrupted by the
      observed depletion of transmitter storage granules.

PMID- 3411325
TI  - Distribution of elements in rat peripheral axons and nerve cell bodies determined
      by x-ray microprobe analysis.
AB  - X-ray microprobe analysis was used to determine concentrations (millimoles of
      element per kilogram dry weight) of Na, P, Cl, K, and Ca in cellular compartments
      of frozen, unfixed sections of rat sciatic and tibial nerves and dorsal root
      ganglion (DRG). Five compartments were examined in peripheral nerve (axoplasm,
      mitochondria, myelin, extraaxonal space, and Schwann cell cytoplasm), and four
      were analyzed in DRG nerve cell bodies (cytoplasm, mitochondria, nucleus, and
      nucleolus). Each morphological compartment exhibited characteristic
      concentrations of elements. The extraaxonal space contained high concentrations
      of Na, Cl, and Ca, whereas intraaxonal compartments exhibited lower
      concentrations of these elements but relatively high K contents. Nerve axoplasm
      and axonal mitochondria had similar elemental profiles, and both compartments
      displayed proximodistal gradients of decreasing levels of K, Cl, and, to some
      extent, Na. Myelin had a selectively high P concentration with low levels of
      other elements. The elemental concentrations of Schwann cell cytoplasm and DRG
      were similar, but both were different from that of axoplasm, in that K and Cl
      were markedly lower whereas P was higher. DRG cell nuclei contained substantially
      higher K levels than cytoplasm. The subcellular distribution of elements was
      clearly shown by color-coded images generated by computer-directed digital x-ray
      imaging. The results of this study demonstrate characteristic elemental
      distributions for each anatomical compartment, which doubtless reflect nerve cell
      structure and function.

PMID- 3411326
TI  - Amphiphilic and nonamphiphilic forms of Torpedo cholinesterases: I. Solubility
      and aggregation properties.
AB  - We report an analysis of the solubility and hydrophobic properties of the
      globular forms of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE)
      from various Torpedo tissues. We distinguish globular nonamphiphilic forms (Gna)
      from globular amphiphilic forms (Ga). The Ga forms bind micelles of detergent, as
      indicated by the following properties. They are converted by mild proteolysis
      into nonamphiphilic derivatives. Their Stokes radius in the presence of Triton X
      100 is approximately 2 nm greater than that of their lytic derivatives. The G2a
      forms fall in two classes. Class I contains molecules that aggregate in the
      absence of detergent, when mixed with an AChE-depleted Triton X-100 extract from
      electric organ. AChE G2a forms from electric organs, nerves, skeletal muscle, and
      erythrocyte membranes correspond to this type, which is also detectable in
      detergent-soluble (DS) extracts of electric lobes and spinal cord. Class II forms
      never aggregate but only present a slight shift in sedimentation coefficient, in
      the presence or absence of detergent. This class contains the AChE G2a forms of
      plasma and of the low-salt-soluble (LSS) fractions from spinal cord and electric
      lobes. The heart possesses a BuChE G2a form of class II in LSS extracts, as well
      as a similar G1a form. G4a forms of AChE, which are solubilized only in the
      presence of detergent and aggregate in the absence of detergent, represent a
      large proportion of cholinesterase in DS extracts of nerves and spinal cord,
      together with a smaller component of G4a BuChE. These forms may be converted to
      nonamphiphilic derivatives by Pronase. Nonaggregating G4a forms exist at low
      levels in the plasma (BuChE) and in LSS extracts of nerves (BuChE) and spinal
      cord (AChE).

PMID- 3411327
TI  - Amphiphilic and nonamphiphilic forms of Torpedo cholinesterases: II.
      Electrophoretic variants and phosphatidylinositol phospholipase C-sensitive and 
      insensitive forms.
AB  - We report an electrophoretic analysis of the hydrophobic properties of the
      globular forms of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE)
      from various Torpedo tissues. In charge-shift electrophoresis, the rate of
      electrophoretic migration of globular amphiphilic forms (Ga) is increased at
      least twofold when the anionic detergent deoxycholate is added to Triton X-100,
      whereas that of globular nonamphiphilic forms (Gna) is not modified. The G2a
      forms of the first class, as defined by their aggregation properties, are
      converted to nonamphiphilic derivatives by phosphatidylinositol phospholipase C
      (PI-PLC) and human serum phospholipase D (PLD). AChE G2a forms from electric
      organs, nerves, skeletal muscle, and erythrocyte membranes correspond to this
      type, which also exists in very small quantities in detergent-solubilized
      extracts of electric lobes and spinal cord. They present different
      electrophoretic mobilities, so that each of these tissues contains a distinct
      "electromorph," or two in the case of electric organs. The G2a forms of the
      second class (AChE in plasma, BuChE in heart), as well as G4a forms of AChE and
      BuChE, are insensitive to PI-PLC and PLD but may be converted to nonamphiphilic
      derivatives by Pronase.

PMID- 3411329
TI  - Thyroxine injections do not cause premature induction of thymidine kinase in
      sg/sg mice.
AB  - Severe hyperthyroidism from the time of birth causes a premature induction and
      termination of thymidine kinase activity in the cerebella of wild-type mice. This
      leads to elevated enzyme levels at postnatal days 5 and 6, with significantly
      lower levels by postnatal day 7 (which is actually the time of peak activity in
      normal animals). In this study, neonatal hyperthyroidism does not have
      significant effects on postnatal day 5, 6, or 7 enzyme levels in the neurological
      mutant staggerer. This is consistent with the hypothesis that thyroid hormone
      exerts its effects via the Purkinje cells, which are reduced in number and
      grossly stunted in the mutant.

PMID- 3411328
TI  - Effect of 2-(4-phenylpiperidino)cyclohexanol (AH 5183) on the veratridine-induced
      increase in acetylcholine synthesis by rat hippocampal tissue.
AB  - The intent of this study was to determine whether the drug 2-(4
      phenylpiperidino)cyclohexanol (AH 5183 or vesamicol) might inhibit the
      veratridine-induced increase in acetylcholine (ACh) synthesis by reducing the
      veratridine-induced activation of a detergent-soluble choline-O-acetyltransferase
      (EC 2.3.1.6; ChAT) fraction associated with a vesicle-bound store of ACh. When
      minces of rat hippocampal tissue were loaded with [14C]choline and subsequently
      depolarized with veratridine, an increase in the synthesis of [14C]ACh occurred
      that could be abolished by L-AH 5183 (75 nM). When minces were depolarized with
      veratridine in the presence of L-AH 5183 (75 nM), the depolarization-induced
      activation of a detergent-soluble ChAT fraction associated with a vesicle-bound
      store of ACh was blocked. Conversely, the veratridine-induced activation of a
      water-soluble ChAT fraction believed to be cytosolic was not. AH 5183 also
      blocked the repletion of the vesicle-bound store with newly synthesized ACh
      following veratridine-induced depletion of ACh, a result that appeared to be
      mediated by an effect on the synthesis of ACh at the vesicular surface. These
      results suggest that veratridine depolarization of rat hippocampal nerve
      terminals stimulates the synthesis of ACh by activating a detergent-soluble
      fraction of ChAT closely associated with synaptic vesicle release sites. ACh
      synthesis and transport at the vesicular surface may be influenced by a common AH
      5183-sensitive regulatory protein.

PMID- 3411330
TI  - Identification of the plasma membrane proteolipid protein as a constituent of
      brain coated vesicles and synaptic plasma membrane.
AB  - We have analyzed brain coated vesicles and synaptic plasma membrane for the
      presence of the plasma membrane proteolipid protein. Coated vesicles were
      isolated from calf brain gray matter with a final purification on Sephacryl S
      1000 and reisolated twice by chromatography to ensure homogeneity. Fractions were
      analyzed by gel electrophoresis, immunoblotting for clathrin heavy chain, and by
      electron microscopy. Using an immunoblotting assay we were able to demonstrate
      the presence of the plasma membrane proteolipid protein in these coated vesicles
      at a significant level (i.e., approximately 1% of the bilayer protein of these
      vesicles). Reisolation of coated vesicles did not diminish the concentration of
      the protein in this fraction. Removal of the clathrin coat proteins or exposure
      of the coated vesicles to 0.1 M Na2CO3 showed that the plasma membrane
      proteolipid protein is not removed during uncoating and lysis but is intrinsic to
      the membrane bilayer of these vesicles. These studies demonstrate that plasma
      membrane proteolipid protein represents a significant amount of the bilayer
      protein of coated vesicles, suggesting that these vesicles may be a transport
      vehicle for the intracellular movement of the plasma membrane proteolipid
      protein. Isolation of synaptic plasma membranes proteolipid adult rat brain and
      estimation of the plasma membrane proteolipid protein content using the
      immunoblotting method confirmed earlier studies that show this protein is present
      in this membrane fraction at high levels as well (approximately 1-2%). The level
      of this protein in the synaptic plasma membrane suggests that the synaptic plasma
      membrane is one major site to which these vesicles may be targeted or from which
      the protein is being retrieved.

PMID- 3411331
TI  - Protein kinase C of sympathetic neuronal membrane is activated by phorbol ester-
      correlation between transmitter release, 45Ca2+ uptake, and the enzyme activity.
AB  - The effects of phorbol esters [phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDB), 12-O
      tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA), and phorbol 13-acetate] were investigated
      on the release of [3H]norepinephrine, 45Ca2+ accumulation, and protein kinase C
      activity in cultured sympathetic neurons of the chick embryo. Sympathetic neurons
      derived from 10-day-old chick embryo were cultured in serum-free medium
      supplemented with insulin, transferrin, and nerve growth factor. After 3 days,
      neurons were loaded with [3H]-norepinephrine and the release of
      [3H]norepinephrine was determined before and after electrical stimulation.
      Stimulation at 1 Hz for 15 s increased the release of [3H]-norepinephrine over
      the nonstimulation period. Stimulation-evoked release gradually declined with
      time during subsequent stimulation periods. Incubation of neurons in Ca2+-free
      Krebs solution containing 1 mM EGTA completely blocked stimulation-evoked release
      of [3H]-norepinephrine. Stimulation-evoked release of [3H]-norepinephrine was
      markedly facilitated by 3 and 10 nM PDB or TPA. The spontaneous release was also
      enhanced by PDB and TPA. The net accumulation of 45Ca2+ during stimulation of
      sympathetic neurons was increased by two- to fourfold in the presence of PDB or
      TPA. PDB at 1-100 nM produced a concentration-dependent increase in the
      activation of protein kinase C. PDB at 30 nM increased the activity of protein
      kinase C of the particulate fraction from 0.09 to 0.58 pmol/min/mg protein. There
      was no significant change in protein kinase C activity of the cytosolic fraction
      (0.14 pmol/min/mg versus 0.13 pmol/min/mg protein). The ratio of the particulate
      to cytosolic protein kinase C increased from a control value of 0.62 to 4.39
      after treatment with 30 nM PDB. TPA (10 and 30 nM) also increased protein kinase
      C activity of the particulate fraction by six- to eightfold. Phorbol 13-acetate
      had no effect on protein kinase C activity, [3H]norepinephrine release, and
      45Ca2+ accumulation. These results provide direct evidence that activation of
      protein kinase C enhances Ca2+ accumulation, which in turn leads to the
      facilitation of transmitter release in sympathetic neurons.

PMID- 3411332
TI  - Primary structure of neuromedin U from the rat.
AB  - The primary structure of neuromedin U from the rat ileum was established as: Tyr
      Lys-Val-Asn-Glu5-Tyr-Gln-Gly-Pro-Val10-Ala-Pro-Ser-Gly-+ ++Gly15-Phe-Phe-Leu- Phe
      Arg20-Pro-Arg-Asn.NH2. There was no evidence for microheterogeneity. This amino
      acid sequence contains two deletions and nine substitutions compared with the
      neuromedin U-25 from the pig. In particular, the replacement of the Arg16-Arg17
      processing site in the porcine peptide by Gly14-Gly15 in the rat means that a
      peptide corresponding to neuromedin U-8 was not found in the rat intestine.

PMID- 3411333
TI  - A survey of nitrogen dioxide levels measured inside mobile homes.

PMID- 3411335
TI  - Indoor air pollution source database.

PMID- 3411334
TI  - Wood smoke impacted air: mutagenicity and chemical analysis of ambient air in a
      residential area of Juneau, Alaska.

PMID- 3411336
TI  - Hazardous waste minimization: Part IV. Waste reduction in the metal finishing
      industry.

PMID- 3411337
TI  - Source reduction and the waste management hierarchy.

PMID- 3411338
TI  - Monoclonal antibody imaging in the management of patients with colorectal cancer.

PMID- 3411339
TI  - Localized neuroblastoma treated by surgery: a Pediatric Oncology Group Study.
AB  - A prospective study was designed to evaluate the outcome of patients with
      localized resectable neuroblastoma without regional lymph node involvement when
      no therapy beyond surgical resection was administered. One hundred one patients
      observed for 3 to 60 months had a 2-year disease-free survival of 89% (SE = 5%).
      Of the nine patients experiencing relapse, only three have died. There were no
      apparent distinguishing characteristics of the nine failures. Due to the
      favorable prognosis of the subset of neuroblastoma patients, prognostic factor
      analysis had very limited power and lacked clinical importance. Complete gross
      removal of the localized tumors is adequate therapy to ensure the survival of the
      majority of these patients.

PMID- 3411340
TI  - Skeletal complications in hairy cell leukemia: diagnosis and therapy.
AB  - We identified eight patients with skeletal complications associated with hairy
      cell leukemia (HCL). The median time from diagnosis of HCL to the diagnosis of
      skeletal complications was 20 months (range, 0 to 93). All patients complained of
      pain and all but one lesion were located in the axial skeleton, primarily the
      proximal femur. Lytic lesions were seen on radiographic examination in all but
      one patient, and one patient additionally had multiple osteoporotic vertebral
      compression fractures. Radionuclide technetium bone scan was abnormal in all
      patients examined. Although the peripheral blood counts were variable (only two
      patients had a leukemic phase of the disease), all patients examined had a
      hypercellular bone marrow biopsy with hairy cells comprising at least 90% of the
      hematopoietic elements. The skeletal abnormalities responded well to local
      radiation therapy. Seven patients were begun on systemic therapy with interferon
      alpha-2b after the diagnosis of the skeletal lesion. Four of five evaluable
      patients had a partial hematological response and a substantial improvement in
      the degree of hairy cell infiltration of the bone marrow. None of these patients
      has had a recurrence of skeletal complications at a median follow-up time of 29
      months. One patient failed to respond hematologically and developed additional
      bone lesions after 1 year of treatment. Another patient developed a new skeletal
      lesion 3 months after the cessation of interferon therapy at which time the bone
      marrow was essentially packed with hairy cells. This retrospective study
      indicates that bone involvement is a rare complication of HCL and is associated
      with a high tumor burden in the bone marrow. In addition to local radiation
      therapy, systemic treatment with interferon should be considered.

PMID- 3411341
TI  - Third-World Hodgkin's disease at Los Angeles County-University of Southern
      California Medical Center.
AB  - The reported experience with Hodgkin's disease (HD) in the United States has come
      primarily from large referral centers that attract a predominantly white
      population of high socioeconomic status (SES). The majority of these patients had
      the nodular sclerosis (NS) histologic subtype and asymptomatic stage I/II
      disease. We have reviewed the records of 178 patients with HD seen within the
      past 17 years at Los Angeles County-University of Southern California Medical
      Center (LAC/USC), which is a nonreferral, government-operated facility. Our
      patient population was found to be heterogeneous, with 38% white, 22% black, and
      36% Hispanic. Systemic "B" symptoms were noted in 62% of patients at diagnosis,
      and 63% had advanced disease (stage III or IV). NS pathologic subtype was present
      in only 52% of the group. Comparison between the races revealed: (1) Hispanics
      had a higher incidence of lymphocyte depleted subtype and less NS than whites (P
      less than .06); (2) whites had equal distribution between stages I/II and III/IV;
      (3) blacks and Hispanics presented more frequently with stage III/IV (P = .10);
      and (4) extranodal involvement occurred most often in bone in whites, and was
      equally distributed between liver, lung, and bone in blacks and Hispanics. We
      conclude that the lower SES, mixed racial population seen at our institution more
      closely resembles the reports of HD in Third-World countries and is characterized
      by advanced symptomatic disease. Further, the clinical pathologic characteristics
      of HD in the United States may vary significantly, depending upon the precise
      ethnic and socioeconomic status of the patients being served.

PMID- 3411342
TI  - Two cycles of MOPP and radiotherapy for stage III1A and stage III1B Hodgkin's
      disease.
AB  - One hundred two adult patients with stage III1A (76 patients) and stage III1B (26
      patients) Hodgkin's disease were treated with two cycles of mechlorethamine,
      vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone (MOPP) and radiotherapy (XRT) between
      1970 and 1984. Sixty-four of the patients were treated between 1970 and 1978 with
      two cycles of MOPP and XRT to the mantle, upper abdomen, and pelvis. The
      remaining 38 patients were treated from 1978 to 1984 with a modification of the
      protocol in which pelvic XRT was omitted and low-dose whole-lung XRT was
      administered to patients with unfavorable mediastinal disease. The 10-year
      actuarial freedom-from-progression (FFP) and determinate survival rates at a mean
      follow-up of 93 months were 84% and 86% for stage III1 disease, 86% and 84% for
      stage III1A disease, and 78% and 91% for stage III1B disease. Three patients died
      of treatment-related toxicities without evidence of Hodgkin's disease, two died
      of complications of myelosuppression and one of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia
      (ANLL). Neither FFP nor determinate survival rates were significantly influenced
      by B symptoms, unfavorable mediastinal disease, histologic subtype, extent of
      abdominal disease, the omission of pelvic XRT, the use of whole-lung XRT, or the
      number of splenic nodules. Patients 40 years of age or older had a 73%
      determinate survival rate at 10 years compared with 88% for patients younger than
      40 years (P = .01). This survival difference was due to treatment-related
      toxicity in the older group. This study indicates that two cycles of MOPP and XRT
      to the mantle and upper abdomen is as effective as more intensive treatment for
      all patients with stage III1 Hodgkin's disease. This treatment program can
      preserve fertility and has had only a 1% actuarial incidence of ANLL at 15 years.

PMID- 3411343
TI  - Doxorubicin clearance in the obese.
AB  - A study was carried out to examine the effect, if any, of obesity on doxorubicin
      pharmacokinetics. Body weight was found to be significantly related to
      doxorubicin clearance (r = -.75; P less than .001) and elimination half-life (r =
      .62; P = .003). Thus, the contribution of obesity on pharmacokinetics of
      antineoplastic agents should be taken into consideration in the analysis of
      clinical data with respect to toxicity and tumor response. Twenty-one patients
      were studied with their first course of doxorubicin (50 to 70 mg/m2) administered
      as a 60-minute intravenous (IV) infusion. Patients were divided into three groups
      on the basis of percentage of ideal body weight (IBW): normal (less than 115%
      IBW), mildly obese (115% to 130% IBW), and obese (greater than 130% IBW). Blood
      samples were collected up to 48 hours after the infusion and analyzed for
      doxorubicin and its metabolite, doxorubicinol, by high performance liquid
      chromatography. Doxorubicin area under the curve (AUC) was greater in obese than
      in normal patients (2,209 v 1,190 ng h/mL; P less than .05), yielding
      correspondingly reduced systemic clearance of the agent in obese patients (891 v
      1,569 mL/min; P less than .001). The mean elimination half-life (T1/2) was 20.4
      hours in the obese patients and 13.0 hours in the normal patients. The apparent
      volume of distribution (Vss) was not significantly different among the three
      groups of patients, indicating that the prolonged T1/2 in the obese patients is
      due to the reduction in clearance. The AUC and T1/2 of doxorubicinol were similar
      among all patient groups.

PMID- 3411344
TI  - A phase I trial of intravenously-administered recombinant tumor necrosis factor
      alpha in cancer patients.
AB  - We report a phase I clinical investigation of 30-minute and four-hour intravenous
      (IV) infusions of recombinant tumor necrosis factor (rTNF)-alpha. Thirty-nine
      patients with disseminated cancer received escalating doses of rTNF-alpha for
      five consecutive days every 2 weeks for a total duration of 8 weeks. Dose
      escalations followed a modified Fibonacci scale with a minimum of four patients
      entered at each dose level: 5, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, and 250
      micrograms/m2/d. Toxicities consisted mainly of constitutional symptoms including
      fever, chills, headache, and fatigue, increasing in severity with dose
      escalation. No significant differences in dose-limiting toxicities were seen
      between the two rates of IV infusion. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was 200
      micrograms/m2 with dose limiting toxicity being constitutional symptoms and
      hypotension. Hematologic changes included median decrease in both granulocyte and
      platelet counts of 38% and 41%, respectively (range, 16% to 85%), although
      clinically significant granulocytopenia and thrombocytopenia were not observed.
      Hematological parameters returned to baseline within 72 hours after rTNF-alpha
      was stopped. rTNF-alpha induced changes in lipid metabolism were manifested by
      median fasting triglyceride elevations above baseline (median, 103 micrograms/dL)
      of 157% (range, 16% to 389%) after five days of therapy with doses greater than
      75 micrograms/m2, associated with a median increase in very-low-density
      lipoprotein (VLDL) of 80%. Serum rTNF peak levels exceeding 10 ng/mL were
      observed 30 minutes following rTNF-alpha infusions at MTD dose. Twelve of 34
      patients had no change in their evaluable disease for a median duration of 18
      weeks (range, 8 to 30 weeks), and 22 patients showed progressive disease. This
      study forms the framework for phase II trials of IV administered rTNF-alpha.

PMID- 3411345
TI  - Severe ileus from cisplatin and vinblastine infusion in neuroblastoma.

PMID- 3411346
TI  - A neural map of interaural intensity differences in the brain stem of the barn
      owl.
AB  - The nucleus ventralis lemnisci lateralis pars posterior (VLVp) is the first
      binaural station in the intensity-processing pathway of the barn owl.
      Contralateral stimulation excites and ipsilateral stimulation inhibits VLVp
      cells. The strength of the inhibition declines systematically from dorsal to
      ventral within the nucleus. Cells selective for different intensity disparities
      occur in an orderly sequence from dorsal to ventral within each isofrequency
      lamina. Cells at intermediate depths in the nucleus are selective for a
      particular narrow range of interaural intensity differences independently of the
      absolute sound-pressure level. A simple model of the interaction between
      inhibition and excitation can explain most of the response properties of VLVp
      neurons. The map of selectivity for intensity disparity is mainly based on the
      gradient of inhibition.

PMID- 3411347
TI  - Distribution of growth cones and synapses in developing laminar and interlaminar
      regions of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus.
AB  - In the present study, we quantified the distribution of growth cones and synapses
      in 2 developing layers, as well as in the intervening interlaminar space of the
      dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) in tree shrews. Our goal was to gain
      insight into mechanisms involved in the segregation of dLGN cells into layers
      during development. We sacrificed tree shrews before (P0), during (P4 and P7),
      and after (P15) laminar segregation as well as at maturity (P90). The dLGN from
      each animal was sectioned horizontally, and all tissue for analysis was blocked
      from the middle third of the nucleus along the dorsoventral axis. Each micrograph
      was coded and blindly scored for the number of growth cones and synapses in
      layers 4 and 5 and the intervening interlaminar space. We also measured each
      growth cone and classified synapse type. Statistical analyses of these data
      reveal that neither growth cones nor synapses are significantly more common in
      the interlaminar space early in the period of laminar segregation (P4). By nearly
      a week after the interlaminar space can first be distinguished (P7), there are
      more growth cones in the interlaminar space than in the layers, but this
      difference is no longer present at (P15). These results suggest that, although
      neuropil development at the laminar borders may not play a role in the onset of
      laminar segregation, it may contribute to the widening of the interlaminar spaces
      once this process has begun. In addition, growth cones continuously decrease in
      number and become less bulbous and more linear in shape with development.
      Synapses, on the other hand, continuously increase in number with age and pass
      through a transient period characterized by heavy spinous terminations.

PMID- 3411348
TI  - Cellular interrelationships during laminar segregation in the dorsal lateral
      geniculate nucleus.
AB  - In order to gain insight into the mechanisms involved in the formation of
      groupings of functionally similar cells in the developing nervous system, we have
      studied the formation of cell layers in the developing dorsal lateral geniculate
      nucleus (dLGN). To examine the possibility that a higher affinity or adhesion
      between cells in individual layers may play a role in laminar segregation, we
      studied cellular interrelationships in the dLGN of tree shrews before (P0),
      during (P4 and P7), and just after (P15) laminar segregation has taken place. We
      compared our observations at these stages of development with similar
      observations in the adult. In none of the cases do we see evidence of gap
      junctions either between adjacent neurons or between neurons and processes in the
      surrounding neuropil. However, we frequently observe the presence of puncta
      adherentes between adjacent neurons at all stages of development. These profiles
      are also present between neurons and cellular processes in the neuropil. We also
      see subsurface cisternae in all of our cases, although these are more pronounced
      before and during interlaminar space formation. As with the puncta adherentes,
      these are found both between adjacent neurons as well as between neurons and
      other elements in the neuropil. We also see some evidence of what appear to be
      cytoplasmic bridges between adjacent neurons; these are quite rare but appear to
      be present only before and during laminar segregation. Finally, we frequently see
      cytoplasmic processes interdigitated between otherwise immediately adjacent
      cells. These processes also are often found oriented along other portions of the
      neuronal plasmalemma. Whether these processes are portions of neuronal growth
      cones or glial processes is impossible to determine at this time. Because of the
      potential role glial processes may play in the formation and maintenance of
      laminar cell groupings during layer formation, we have also made a preliminary
      survey of whether glial cells can be distinguished ultrastructurally at the
      stages we have studied.

PMID- 3411349
TI  - Mapping of radial glia and of a new cell type in adult canary brain.
AB  - Frontal and coronal sections of adult male and female canary brain were stained
      with a monoclonal antibody to vimentin using an immunoperoxidase technique; some
      sections were counterstained with cresyl violet. The position of radial glia
      cells was mapped using a computer-linked microscope. The telencephalon was found
      to have a rich set of radial glia. The long processes of these radial glia showed
      a mediolateral orientation, and were much more abundant in some parts of the
      telencephalon (e.g., hyperstriatum, caudal neostriatum, and lobus parolfactorius)
      than in others (e.g., anterior neostriatum, archistriatum, and septum), which had
      few or no radial glia fibers. A small, elongated cell type not previously
      described in adult avian brain was frequently seen to be associated with the long
      processes of the radial glia, oriented in the same direction and often in close
      apposition. The position of these cells was also systematically mapped, and they
      were found to be virtually absent outside of the telencephalon. The relation
      between radial glia fibers and the small, elongated cells was most commonly seen
      close to the lateral ventricle of the forebrain, where the radial glia cells have
      their cell bodies. The above observations suggest that there may be a functional
      relation between radial glia and the small, elongated cells. We hypothesize that
      the latter cells are young migrating neurons. This hypothesis is tested in a
      separate publication (A. Alvarez-Buylla and F. Nottebohm, unpublished
      observations).

PMID- 3411350
TI  - Development of spatial and temporal selectivity in the suprasylvian visual cortex
      of the cat.
AB  - We have studied the development of the spatial and temporal properties of neurons
      in the medial bank of the suprasylvian visual cortex (PMLS) in kittens aged
      between 9 d and 8 weeks. Quantitative measurements were made of the responses to
      drifting high-contrast gratings of optimum orientation and direction of motion,
      but varying in spatial and temporal frequency. The spatial resolution ("acuity")
      of cells increased rapidly and was fully mature (over 2 cycles/deg for the best
      cells) at 3 weeks of age. The optimum spatial frequency also tended to improve
      and reached adult values (around 0.5 cycles/deg for the best cells) at about the
      end of the third week. In younger kittens, the spatial resolution of neurons was
      not obviously correlated with the eccentricity of their receptive fields, but in
      older animals acuity was clearly elevated for receptive fields in the central
      visual field. The proportion of "low-pass" cells (showing no obvious attenuation
      of response for gratings of low spatial frequency) decreased with age and
      simultaneously there was a slight increase in the mean spatial bandwidth of
      "bandpass" cells. Responses to drifting sinusoidal gratings were generally
      dominated by an unmodulated elevation of discharge at all ages. In tests with
      stationary, contrast-modulated gratings presented at different spatial positions,
      cells in the youngest kittens behaved nonlinearly and showed mainly an
      unmodulated increase in discharge, whereas in older kittens, as in adult cats,
      most neurons responded to contrast-modulated gratings with a small, phase
      dependent response at the temporal frequency of modulation and a larger component
      at twice the fundamental frequency. None of the cells recorded at any age had a
      true "null position." As in adult PMLS, the widths of receptive fields in kittens
      were, on average, about twice the size of the preferred spatial period (4 times
      the preferred bar width). At all ages, therefore, neurons in PMLS resembled
      striate complex cells with respect to the nonlinearity of their responses and the
      spatial structure of their receptive fields. The preferred temporal frequency and
      high-temporal-frequency cutoff also improved, on average, during the first 3
      weeks of life, and the range of temporal frequencies over which cells responded
      continued to increase until at least 8 weeks. Although the low-spatial-frequency
      inhibition that creates spatial bandpass characteristics probably depends on
      cortical mechanisms, the postnatal development of both temporal and spatial
      resolution might well be limited by maturation at the level of the retina.

PMID- 3411351
TI  - Nature and fate of proliferative cells in the hippocampal dentate gyrus during
      the life span of the rhesus monkey.
AB  - The nature of proliferative cells in the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the
      hippocampal region and the fate of their progeny was analyzed by 3H-thymidine (3H
      TdR) autoradiography combined with immunocytochemistry at the light and electron
      microscopic levels in 18 rhesus monkeys ranging in age from late gestation to 17
      years. Our analysis indicates that, during the last quarter of gestation and the
      first 3 postnatal months, the SGZ produces both glial and neuronal cells. These 2
      major classes of cells originate from the 2 precursor lines and, following their
      mitotic division, migrate to the granular layer. During the juvenile period (4-6
      months of age), neuronal production tapers off and most postmitotic cells
      remaining within the SGZ differentiate into glial elements. In postpubertal
      animals (3 years and older), the 3H-TdR-labeled cells in the dentate gyrus belong
      to several non-neuronal classes. The largest group was immunoreactive to the
      glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) at both the light and electron microscopic
      levels, indicating their astrocytic nature. The remaining 3H-TdR-labeled, GFAP
      negative cells had ultra-structural characteristics of either microglia,
      oligodendroglia, or their progenitory stem cells. Therefore, there is a
      continuing addition and/or turnover of the glial cells in the dentate gyrus of
      sexually mature monkeys, but, in contrast to the massive neurogenesis reported in
      adult rodents, the production of new neurons could not be detected after puberty.
      The significance of a stable population of neurons in the hippocampal formation
      of mature primates is discussed in relation to its possible function in memory.

PMID- 3411352
TI  - Presynaptic inhibition of identified wind-sensitive afferents in the cercal
      system of the locust.
AB  - The paired cerci located at the tip of the locust abdomen bear a large number of
      wind-sensitive filiform hairs, each of which sends an axon via the cercal nerve
      into the terminal ganglion of the CNS. The filiform afferents fire bursts of
      action potentials when their hairs are displaced by wind or mechanical stimuli.
      Filiform axon terminals in the CNS are depolarized concomitantly with the
      discharge of another type of unit (a primary afferent-depolarizing, or PAD, unit)
      recorded in the cercal nerve. The instantaneous spike frequency of PAD unit
      discharges matches the evoked depolarization very closely, and during such
      depolarizations spike amplitudes in the filiform afferent terminals are reduced
      by up to 55%. Depolarizing current pulses injected into the axonal terminals of
      an identified filiform afferent evoke spikes that are blocked by the PAD unit,
      probably via an intercalated interneuron. The PAD unit makes a monosynaptic
      connection with only one of the 4 giant interneurons (GIN 2) on each side of the
      terminal ganglion, and indirect connections with 2 others. Depolarizing current
      pulses injected into the neuropilar segments of GINs evoke fewer spikes when the
      PAD unit is active, consistent with the PAD unit's mediation of conductance
      changes in postsynaptic cells. Iontophoretic injection of Lucifer yellow shows
      the PAD unit to be an afferent with axon terminals overlapping those of filiform
      afferents and posteriorly directed branches of interneurons such as GIN 2 in the
      CNS. Passive movements of a cercus, monitored with a position transducer, show
      that the PAD unit fires discrete bursts during cercal displacement. The PAD unit
      most probably has its soma and dendrites in tissue spanning the cercal base. By
      responding to cercal movements sufficient to also activate filiform hairs, and by
      mediating conductance changes in both the presynaptic terminals of filiform
      afferents and the postsynaptic membranes of interneurons, the PAD unit
      desensitizes a pathway to movement-generated afferent input, and ensures that the
      locust remains sensitive to external wind stimuli.

PMID- 3411353
TI  - Flexible body dynamics of the goldfish C-start: implications for reticulospinal
      command mechanisms.
AB  - As a model for learning how reticulospinal networks coordinate movement, we have
      analyzed the function of the Mauthner (M-) neurons in the escape response of the
      goldfish. We used water displacements of 3-6 micron to elicit C-start escape
      responses. These responses consist of 2 fundamental movements that grade into
      each other: Stage 1 lasts 15-40 msec and rotates the body 30 degrees-100 degrees
      about the center of mass; stage 2 is an axial acceleration that moves the center
      of mass 2-6 cm. Combined, the 2 stages result in trajectory turns ranging from 15
      degrees to 135 degrees. Thus, these data show that M-initiated C-starts are not
      fixed movement patterns. The durations of stage 1 body muscle EMGs were
      correlated with turn angles achieved during stage 1. Since variable stage 1 EMGs
      are not seen when the M-cell is triggered by itself, other circuits, independent
      of the M-cell, must control the extent of the initial turn, and consequently
      escape trajectory. Furthermore, turning angles of stages 1 and 2 were correlated,
      allowing escape trajectory to be predicted, on average, 26 msec after movement
      started. This suggests that the commands for escape trajectory should be
      organized by the end of stage 1. In concert with this, the time of onset of the
      stage 2 EMG preceded the stage 2 onset by a range with a mean of 28.4 msec,
      typically putting the stage 2 command at the beginning of stage 1 movement. Thus,
      stage 2 initiation does not require motion-dependent feedback. Our findings
      indicate that the Mauthner cell initiates the first of a series of motor commands
      that establish the initial left-right decision of the escape sequence from the
      side of the stimulus, whereas parallel circuits simultaneously organize the
      command controlling the escape angle.

PMID- 3411355
TI  - The influence of temporary blockage of semicircular canals on the loss and
      recovery of vestibuloocular reflexes.
AB  - The efficacy of the technique of semicircular canal plugging in selectively
      blocking the function of individual semicircular canals was evaluated in rabbits.
      The horizontal and vertical vestibuloocular reflexes (HVOR, VVOR) and the
      horizontal optokinetic reflex (HOKR) were measured before the horizontal or
      anterior semicircular canals (HSCs, ASCs) were plugged bilaterally with small
      spindles of silver wire. These reflexes were also measured after the plugs were
      removed. The gain of the HVOR was reduced to less than 0.05 at all frequencies
      tested after plugs were inserted into the HSCs. The gain of the HOKR was not
      influenced by the plugging operation. These data were interpreted to mean that
      the plugs blocked the normal fluid dynamics of the HSCs, but did not alter the
      spontaneous activity of HSC afferents. The gain of the VVOR was not reduced by
      plugs of the HSCs. The gain of the VVOR was reduced by plugs of the ASCs. The
      residual VVOR was attributed to stimulation of the utricular otoliths at lower
      frequencies and stimulation of the posterior semicircular canals at higher
      frequencies. The gain of the HVOR was reduced 10-40% by plugs of the ASCs. These
      data, in conjunction with the presence of a small residual gain of the HVOR
      following bilateral plugs of the HSCs, suggest that the ASCs contribute to the
      HVOR. The gains of the HVOR and VVOR recovered to within 88% of the preplug
      values once the plugs of the HSCs or ASCs were removed. However, the protracted
      time course of this recovery, 10-15 d, indicated that the plugging operation,
      although reversible, does cause some temporary damage to the peripheral
      labyrinth.

PMID- 3411354
TI  - Synuclein: a neuron-specific protein localized to the nucleus and presynaptic
      nerve terminal.
AB  - We used an antiserum against purified cholinergic synaptic vesicles from Torpedo
      and expression screening to isolate a cDNA clone encoding synuclein, a 143 amino
      acid neuron-specific protein. A cDNA clone was also isolated from a rat brain
      cDNA library that encodes a highly homologous 140 amino acid protein. The amino
      terminal 100 amino acids of both proteins are comprised of an 11 amino acid
      repeating unit that contains a conserved core of 6 residues. The synuclein gene
      is expressed only in nervous system tissue, not in electric organ, muscle, liver,
      spleen, heart, or kidney. In the electric organ synapse Torpedo synuclein
      immunoreactive proteins are found in 3 major molecular-weight classes of 17.5,
      18.5, and 20.0 kDa. In the neuronal cell soma the 17.5 kDa species is predominant
      and immunoreactivity is localized to a portion of the nuclear envelope.

PMID- 3411356
TI  - The otolithic origin of the vertical vestibuloocular reflex following bilateral
      blockage of the vertical semicircular canals in the rabbit.
AB  - The influence of bilateral plugs of the anterior and posterior semicircular
      canals (ASCs, PSCs) on the vertical vestibuloocular reflex (VVOR-0) of the
      rabbit, oscillated about the longitudinal axis maintained in a horizontal
      orientation, was studied. Bilateral plugs of either the ASCs or PSCs reduced the
      gain of the VVOR-0 evoked by stimulus frequencies above 0.005 Hz, but left a
      residual gain of the VVOR at higher stimulus frequencies that could be attributed
      to the remaining vertical canals and utricular otoliths. Bilateral plugs of both
      the ASCs and PSCs totally eliminated the canal component of the VVOR-0, as
      determined from measurements made when the animal was oriented at 90 degrees
      ("nose up") with respect to the earth horizontal axis, eliminating changes in the
      gravitational vector acting on the utricular maculae (VVOR-90). Bilateral plugs
      of both the ASCs and PSCs also eliminated the nonlinear increase in gain observed
      at intermediate frequencies in intact rabbits when oscillated about a supine
      orientation (VVOR-180). The contribution of the utricular otolith to the VVOR-0
      in rabbits with both the ASCs and PSCs plugged was compared with the predicted
      otolith contribution based on the assumption of linear summation of semicircular
      canal and utricular signals. The assumption of linear summation appears to be
      incorrect. Bilateral plugs of the ASCs and PSCs increased the latency and the
      time constant of vertical eye movements evoked by step-roll stimulation about the
      longitudinal axis maintained in a horizontal orientation.

PMID- 3411357
TI  - The induction and compensation of asymmetric eye movements following unilateral
      blockage of a horizontal semicircular canal in the rabbit.
AB  - The influence of unilateral plugs of the left horizontal semicircular canal (LHC
      plugs) of rabbits on the development and compensation of asymmetric eye movements
      evoked by horizontal vestibular stimulation was studied. LHC plugs caused an
      immediate reduction of 50-65% in the gain of the horizontal vestibuloocular
      reflex (HVOR). This reduction in gain was achieved without altering the symmetry
      of the HVOR, and was accompanied by a change in the axial alignment of eye
      movements evoked by vestibular stimulation about the vertical (HVOR) and
      longitudinal (VVOR) axes. Postoperative asymmetry of eye movements developed 12
      48 hr after the plugging operation. The development of asymmetry was reduced if
      the rabbit was restrained for 24 hr, thereby minimizing vestibular stimulation
      following the plugging operation. Over a 3-4 week period, the normal symmetry of
      eye movements was restored and the axial alignments of the HVOR and VVOR returned
      to the preoperative values. The gain of the HVOR did not recover. The horizontal
      cervicoocular reflex (HCOR) was examined before the plugging operation and after
      compensation of asymmetry was complete. The gain and phase of the HCOR were not
      altered. A relatively simple set of explanations at a cellular level is proposed
      to account for the induction and compensation of asymmetric eye movements
      following a unilateral plug of the horizontal semicircular canal.

PMID- 3411359
TI  - Control by an identified modulatory neuron of the sequential expression of
      plateau properties of, and synaptic inputs to, a neuron in a central pattern
      generator.
AB  - Recordings from the lateral gastric (LG) neuron, which forms part of the gastric
      mill central pattern generator in the red lobster, Palinurus vulgaris, indicate
      that regenerative membrane properties (plateau properties) and synaptic inputs
      interact sequentially rather than simultaneously to determine its discharge
      pattern. LG thus presents a composite discharge, consisting of 2 separate
      segments of firing and one silent period. The first firing segment depends on
      regenerative membrane properties; this is the endogenous component, or segment,
      of LG's discharge. The second firing segment is the result of extrinsic synaptic
      input, forming the synaptic component of LG's discharge. The relative importance
      of these 2 components can vary, and thus LG's discharge ranges from one in which
      LG fires only as a result of its endogenous component to one in which its
      endogenous component is entirely absent and only the synaptic component underlies
      action potentials. Activity in an identified modulatory neuron suppresses the
      endogenous segment and enhances the synaptic segment of LG's discharge. This long
      lasting effect in turn changes phase relationships within the gastric mill
      network and provides mechanisms for producing flexibility in the gastric pattern
      generator and for ensuring that a specific motor output is generated by a
      flexible neural network.

PMID- 3411358
TI  - Sex and regional differences in the incorporation of neurons born during song
      learning in zebra finches.
AB  - In zebra finches only males sing, and several nuclei controlling song contain
      more neurons in adult males than in females. The ontogeny of sex differences in
      neuron number differs across song regions and overlaps with song learning in
      males. We examined the development of neuron number in several song regions in
      both sexes. We then determined whether neurons are born and incorporated into
      song nuclei as sex differences in neuron number emerge, and whether sex or
      regional differences in the insertion of such neurons may account for differences
      in the development of these areas. Males add neurons to hyperstriatum ventralis
      pars caudalis (HVc) and Area X between 20 and 55 d of age. In females there is no
      change in HVc neuron number during this time, and Area X never appears as a
      distinct nucleus. In both sexes, 3H-thymidine administration between 20 and 30 d
      results in neuronal labeling at 55 d in HVc and the region of Area X. However, in
      these areas the incidence of labeled neurons is higher in males than in females.
      In contrast to HVc and Area X, sex differences in neuron number in the robustus
      nucleus of the archistriatum (RA) and the magnocellular nucleus of the
      neostriatum (MAN) emerge because males retain neurons that are lost in females
      between 20 and 55 d of age. Accordingly, RA and MAN neurons are not labeled
      following 3H-thymidine administration between 20 and 30 d of age. These data
      indicate that sex and regional differences in the ontogeny of song nuclei are
      related to differences in the incorporation of neurons born during song learning.

PMID- 3411360
TI  - Classical conditioning of the eye withdrawal reflex in the green crab.
AB  - Eye withdrawal in the green crab, Carcinus maenas was conditioned by pairing a
      mild vibration to the carapace as a conditioned stimulus (CS) with a puff of air
      to one of the eyes as an unconditioned stimulus (US). Animals subjected to
      repeated pairings showed an increased probability of eye retraction during CS
      presentation. Significantly less responding was found in several control groups
      subjected to backward conditioning, unpaired stimuli, stimuli alone, or simply
      time in the apparatus. Although conditioned animals showed few responses to CS
      alone after 24 hr, retention could be demonstrated by acquisition that was much
      more rapid on day 2 than on day 1. Conditioning could also be effected in the eye
      when it was restrained, a result consistent with reports in the literature that
      this reflex does not require proprioceptive feedback. Because the neuromuscular
      circuitry of eye withdrawal is already well defined in Carcinus, this is a
      promising candidate for studying the neuronal basis of classical conditioning.

PMID- 3411361
TI  - Primate motor cortex and free arm movements to visual targets in three
      dimensional space. I. Relations between single cell discharge and direction of
      movement.
AB  - We describe the relations between the neuronal activity in primate motor cortex
      and the direction of arm movement in three-dimensional (3-D) space. The
      electrical signs of discharge of 568 cells were recorded while monkeys made
      movements of equal amplitude from the same starting position to 8 visual targets
      in a reaction time task. The layout of the targets in 3-D space was such that the
      direction of the movement ranged over the whole 3-D directional continuum in
      approximately equal angular intervals. We found that the discharge rate of
      475/568 (83.6%) cells varied in an orderly fashion with the direction of
      movement: discharge rate was highest with movements in a certain direction (the
      cell's "preferred direction") and decreased progressively with movements in other
      directions, as a function of the cosine of the angle formed by the direction of
      the movement and the cell's preferred direction. The preferred directions of
      different cells were distributed throughout 3-D space. These findings generalize
      to 3-D space previous results obtained in 2-D space (Georgopoulos et al., 1982)
      and suggest that the motor cortex is a nodal point in the construction of
      patterns of output signals specifying the direction of arm movement in
      extrapersonal space.

PMID- 3411362
TI  - Primate motor cortex and free arm movements to visual targets in three
      dimensional space. II. Coding of the direction of movement by a neuronal
      population.
AB  - We describe a code by which a population of motor cortical neurons could
      determine uniquely the direction of reaching movements in three-dimensional
      space. The population consisted of 475 directionally tuned cells whose functional
      properties are described in the preceding paper (Schwartz et al., 1988). Each
      cell discharged at the highest rate with movements in its "preferred direction"
      and at progressively lower rates with movements in directions away from the
      preferred one. The neuronal population code assumes that for a particular
      movement direction each cell makes a vectorial contribution ("votes") with
      direction in the cell's preferred direction and magnitude proportional to the
      change in the cell's discharge rate associated with the particular direction of
      movement. The vector sum of these contributions is the outcome of the population
      code (the "neuronal population vector") and points in the direction of movement
      in space well before the movement begins.

PMID- 3411363
TI  - Primate motor cortex and free arm movements to visual targets in three
      dimensional space. III. Positional gradients and population coding of movement
      direction from various movement origins.
AB  - In one experiment, we studied the relations between the frequency of discharge of
      274 single cells in the arm area of the motor cortex of the monkey and the
      actively maintained position of the hand in space. We found that the frequency of
      discharge of 63.9% of the cells studied was a multilinear function of the
      position of the hand in space according to the following equation (multiple
      linear regression): d = f + fxsx + fysy + fzsz, where d is the discharge rate of
      a single cell, f, fx, fy, fz are regression coefficients, and sx, sy, sz are the
      coordinates of the position of the hand. The equation above defines a positional
      gradient which implies that the frequency of cell discharge will increase at a
      maximum rate when the position of the hand changes along a certain direction; we
      call this direction of orientation of the positional gradient, and the rate of
      change in discharge rate along this orientation, the magnitude of the gradient.
      The orientations of the positional gradients were distributed throughout three
      dimensional (3-D) space and their magnitudes differed among different cells. In a
      different experiment, we studied the changes in activity of 289 cells in the arm
      area of the motor cortex when the monkeys made equal-amplitude movements that
      started from different points in space, were in the same direction, and traveled
      along parallel trajectories in 3-D space. Four pairs of such movement directions
      (i.e., a total of 8 movement directions) were studied for every cell, and the
      changes in cell activity associated with movements within each pair were
      compared. We found that these changes in cell activity did not differ
      statistically for 68.4% of the movement pairs studied but did differ for the
      remaining 31.6%. The data from the whole population of cells studied in this
      experiment were analyzed using the population vector analysis described in the
      preceding paper (Georgopoulos et al., 1988). Thus, 8 population vectors were
      calculated, 1 for each of the 8 movement directions studied. We found that the
      direction of the population vector was close to the direction of the
      corresponding movement. These results indicate that the population vector
      provides unique information concerning the direction of the movement even when
      the point of origin of the movement varies in 3-D space.

PMID- 3411364
TI  - Differential expression of pseudoconditioning and sensitization by siphon
      responses in Aplysia: novel response selection after training.
AB  - Nonassociative training with a noxious unconditioned stimulus (US) applied to the
      head or tail of freely moving Aplysia caused a qualitative change in siphon
      responses to midbody test stimulation, so that the midbody test responses came to
      resemble the unconditioned siphon response (UR) to the US when tested 1 d after
      exposure to the US. Such a nonassociative, US-induced transformation of test
      responses into responses resembling the UR has traditionally been termed
      "pseudoconditioning." Short-term pseudoconditioning was compared to sensitization
      and to habituation in a reduced preparation that used a photocell to distinguish
      "head-type" siphon responses from qualitatively different "tail-type" responses.
      Transformation of test responses (pseudoconditioning) was observed only when the
      type of preexisting alpha response to the midbody test stimulus was different
      from the UR. Sensitization, defined as a US-induced enhancement of the alpha
      response to the test stimulus, was observed when the initial alpha response and
      the UR were of the same type. General sensory facilitation was excluded as a
      critical mechanism for pseudoconditioning by the observation that the same
      midbody test response could be transformed to either a head-type or tail-type
      response, depending on the site of the US, and by the observation that simply
      increasing the intensity of the midbody test stimulus in the absence of a head or
      tail US did not produce similar response transformations. These studies
      demonstrate pseudoconditioning in a preparation amenable to analysis at the level
      of identified neurons, and draw attention to a distinctive and widespread form of
      behavioral modifiability that has been neglected by investigators of learning.

PMID- 3411365
TI  - Biochemical and physiological consequences of an age-related increase in
      acetylcholinesterase activity at the rat neuromuscular junction.
AB  - Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) specific activity was assayed using diaphragm muscles
      obtained from mature adult (10 months) and aged (25-27 months) rats. Biochemical
      assays indicated significant age-related increases in the AChE specific activity
      of both noninnervated and innervated tissue. The different molecular forms of
      AChE were separated by velocity sedimentation and were further assayed. The age
      related increase was manifest primarily in the 10S (G4) form in both
      noninnervated and innervated tissue and also the 16S (A12) form of the
      noninnervated samples. To ascertain more conclusively whether AChE activity in
      the end-plate junctional region of innervated tissue changed in the older rats,
      miniature end-plate currents (m.e.p.c.s) were recorded under voltage-clamp
      conditions before and after AChE inhibition. When AChE activity was inhibited by
      10 microM echothiopate or 1 mM methanesulfonyl fluoride, m.e.p.c. amplitudes and
      decay time constants increased in both age groups. The magnitude of these
      increases was larger in the older animals. However, calculations of the relative
      change in m.e.p.c. amplitudes after AChE inhibition indicated that less ACh was
      hydrolyzed by AChE in the older animals. Inhibition of AChE did not affect mean
      channel open time, which was estimated from spectral analyses of ACh-induced
      membrane noise. These data indicate that the prolonged decay times in the older
      rats following AChE inhibition is quite likely due to an expanded field of
      postsynaptic ACh receptors and not exclusively to a change in junctional AChE.

PMID- 3411366
TI  - Mechanisms of action of peripherally administered cholecystokinin octapeptide on
      brain stem neurons in the rat.
AB  - We have investigated the pathway and the mechanism by which cholecystokinin
      octapeptide (CCK-8), given systemically, may influence the discharge of brain
      stem neurons that have an input from the stomach. Extracellular recordings were
      made from neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), where vagal
      afferents terminate, and from neighboring regions of the dorsal medial medulla.
      Gastric distension and CCK-8 injected intra-aortically close to the stomach
      evoked either excitatory or inhibitory responses that were abolished by cervical
      vagal section. In animals from which the celiac/superior mesenteric ganglia were
      removed, or the gastric antrum resected 2 weeks earlier, responses to gastric
      distension and CCK-8 were maintained. The effects of CCK-8 are unlikely to be
      secondary to changes in smooth muscle tone because CCK-8 decreased pressure in
      the body of the stomach, while distension increased it. Moreover, intravenous
      noradrenaline and vasoactive intestinal peptide had effects similar to CCK-8 on
      intragastric pressure, but evoked different patterns of responses from brain stem
      neurons. The results are consistent with the idea that CCK-8 acts directly on
      vagal mechanoreceptive endings in the gastric corpus wall. It is well known that
      peripheral administration of CCK-8 influences short-term regulation of food
      intake. The effects described here may reflect the pathway by which peripheral
      CCK influences CNS function.

PMID- 3411367
TI  - Regenerating afferent fibers stimulate the recovery of mauthner cell dendritic
      branching in the axolotl.
AB  - In the medulla of the axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum), Mauthner cells (M-cells)
      occur as a pair of large identifiable neurons at the level of entry of the
      vestibular nerve (nVIII). Each receives synapses from the ipsilateral nVIII; the
      terminals can be identified as club endings and are restricted to a specific set
      of M-cell dendritic branches. We have examined these branches for morphologic
      changes following long-term deafferentation in the presence and absence of nerve
      regeneration. Deafferentation was brought about in a group of young larvae by
      unilaterally severing nVIII. The nerve was allowed to regenerate in half of the
      larvae. In those remaining, the nVIII ganglion was damaged to preclude or limit
      nerve regeneration. The contralateral side served as control. After 3 months
      survival, the larvae were killed and the medullae prepared for microscopy. To
      estimate the extent of nerve regeneration, axons in the experimental nVIII tract
      were counted and compared with the number in the control. The mean number of
      axons in the nVIII tract ipsilateral to intact ganglia indicated that 69% of the
      fibers had regenerated. In contrast, only 31% regenerated in larvae with damaged
      ganglia. Electron microscopic analysis of selected sections revealed that the
      mean number of nVIII terminals per section through M-cells ipsilateral to
      destroyed ganglia was significantly less than the mean number in analogous
      sections through either control cells or cells ipsilateral to intact ganglia.
      Control and experimental M-cells were reconstructed from serial sections.
      Deprived M-cells had significantly reduced dendritic branching patterns in the
      region that normally receives nVIII input. On the other hand, the extent of
      branching on cells receiving regenerated afferents from intact ganglia was like
      that of their contralateral controls. The distribution of dendritic branches on
      many reinnervated M-cells, however, was broader than that on control cells.
      Electron microscopic examination of the displaced dendritic branches (those
      extending into adjacent tracts) revealed that they received vestibular synapses.
      Thus, in some animals, regenerated vestibular fibers were not restricted to the
      nVIII tract. Deafferentation of the M-cells results in a reduction of dendritic
      branches in the region deprived of vestibular contacts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400
      WORDS)

PMID- 3411368
TI  - An atlas of a rare neuronal surface antigen in the rat central nervous system.
AB  - The mature nervous system contains functional synaptic networks composed of
      neuronal sets and subsets whose identity and maintenance may rely on external
      surface molecules specific for these neuronal subdivisions. Such molecules may
      reside permanently on specific neurons, serving to identify those neurons within
      a complex population. From a collection of monoclonal antibodies made to the
      Torpedo cholinergic synaptosome preparation, we have identified several
      antibodies that bind the surface of some, but not all, neurons of the mature rat
      brain (Kushner and Stephenson, 1983; Kushner, 1984). In the present study we
      catalog which neurons of the entire rat brain and spinal cord are immunopositive
      for one of these antibodies, Tor 23. The atlas we have compiled can be used (1)
      on a practical level to guide affinity purifications and neuronal cell sorting,
      and (2) more esoterically to address whether surface antigenic sets of neurons
      share or define a common functional property. In the forebrain, Tor 23-positive
      neurons predominate as a rare cell type of the inner cortical laminae. In the
      midbrain, few cells stain. In the hindbrain, labeled neurons are dispersed among
      several nuclei. The exceptions to these observations, areas that almost
      exclusively contain Tor 23-immunopositive neurons, are the spinal cord ventral
      horn, the deep cerebellar nuclei, some cerebellar-related nuclei, selected
      auditory nuclei, the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus,
      and the CA2 pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus. The neurons that bind Tor 23
      are related biochemically by virtue of that shared epitope alone. Whether they
      are related in a functional manner is a separate issue. Tor 23 demarks many motor
      related structures, specifically, the ventral horn motor lamina, the orofacial
      motor nuclei 5 and 7, the ambiguus nucleus, the deep cerebellar nuclei, the
      pontine reticulotegmental nucleus, the lateral reticular nucleus, the
      gigantocellular reticular nucleus, the red nucleus, and neurons within the motor
      and somatosensory cortices. The overlap of Tor 23 with motor structures suggests
      that Tor 23 is a motor system marker.

PMID- 3411369
TI  - Proprioceptive inputs to nonspiking local interneurons contribute to local
      reflexes of a locust hindleg.
AB  - Local reflexes of a leg of the locust Schistocerca gregaria (Forskal) can be
      elicited by selective stimulation of a proprioceptor (the femoral chordotonal
      organ) at the femorotibial joint. Motor neurons are either excited or inhibited,
      so that a coordinated reflex response of a leg results. At the same time, some
      nonspiking local interneurons are either excited or inhibited by the inputs from
      these proprioceptive afferents. Altering the membrane potential of an individual,
      nonspiking interneuron can either increase or decrease the response of the
      participating motor neurons to the proprioceptive stimulus and thereby alter the
      gain of the reflex. To determine the pathways, and to understand the role of the
      nonspiking interneurons in mediating these reflex effects, recordings were made
      simultaneously from these interneurons and afferent neurons. The excitation of a
      particular nonspiking local interneuron is produced monosynaptically by the
      afferent neurons. Chemically mediated EPSPs consistently follow sensory spikes
      with a latency that is the same as that for the known parallel, direct
      connections made by these sensory neurons with motor neurons (Burrows, 1987a).
      The chordotonal afferents and the branches of the local interneurons project to
      the same regions of neuropil. In contrast, the simplest inhibitory pathway is
      disynaptic, involving spiking local interneurons. The afferents make direct
      excitatory connections with some of these spiking interneurons, which then make
      direct inhibitory connections with a nonspiking interneuron. Interactions between
      the local interneurons add to the complexity of the pathways.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3411371
TI  - Congress explores the incidence of scientific fraud and misconduct.

PMID- 3411370
TI  - Topographically selective reinnervation of adult mammalian skeletal muscles.
AB  - In 2 rat muscles, serratus anterior and the diaphragm, the rostrocaudal axis of
      the motor pool is mapped onto the rostrocaudal axis of the muscle's surface
      (Laskowski and Sanes, 1987a). One possible basis for this orderly topography is
      that motor axons and intramuscular structures bear labels that favor connectivity
      among positionally matched partners. To test for the existence of such labels, we
      asked whether axons would selectively reinnervate appropriate portions of the
      muscles following nerve transection. We found that, on average, rostral and
      caudal halves of each muscle were preferentially reinnervated by axons from the
      rostral and caudal halves of its motor pool, respectively. In the serratus
      anterior, reinnervation was more selective following denervation in neonates than
      following denervation in adults, although in neither case was the normal pattern
      of innervation reestablished completely. These results show that motor axons can
      selectively reinnervate adult rat muscles, and support the idea that positional
      cues play a role in organizing neuromuscular topography.

PMID- 3411372
TI  - The research community's response to fraud.

PMID- 3411373
TI  - Technetium-99m red blood cell venography in patients with clinically suspected
      deep vein thrombosis: a prospective study.
AB  - We have compared technetium-99m (99mTc) red blood cell (RBC) venography to serial
      impedance plethysmography (IPG) in 110 consecutive patients with a first episode
      of clinically suspected deep vein thrombosis (DVT). IPG was performed at Day 0
      and, if abnormal, contrast venography was also performed to rule out a falsely
      positive result. Patients with an initially normal IPG had the test repeated at
      Days 1, 3, 5 to 7, and 10 to 14. Contrast venography was not performed and
      anticoagulant treatment was withheld in all patients who remained normal during
      repeated IPG testing. Technetium-99m RBC venography was performed at Day 0 in
      patients with an initially abnormal IPG and during the period of serial IPG
      testing in those with an initially normal IPG. The sensitivity of [99mTc]RBC
      venography for proximal DVT was 0.68, with 95% confidence limits (CL) from 0.48
      to 0.89. Specificity was 0.88 (95% CL from 0.81 to 0.95). When the findings of
      [99mTc]RBC venography for the entire lower extremity were compared to the
      reference method, the sensitivity increased to 0.90 (95% CL from 0.82 to 0.97)
      but the specificity decreased to 0.56 (95% CL from 0.51 to 0.62). Technetium-99m
      RBC venography is a sensitive but less specific method for detecting DVT of the
      entire lower extremity. An abnormal [99mTc]RBC venogram, particularly in the calf
      region, should always be confirmed by another diagnostic method.

PMID- 3411374
TI  - Kinetic analysis of technetium-99m d,1-HM-PAO decomposition in aqueous media.
AB  - Technetium-99m-d,1-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime [99mTc]d,1-HM-PAO) is a neutral
      lipophilic chelate formed from a kit in high yield by stannous reduction of
      Na99mTcO4-. Of three methods used to analyze the purity of the 99mTc complexes, a
      single strip method using ether as the developing solvent was the most rapid and
      simple to perform. The lipophilic chelate converts to 99mTcO4- and other
      hydrophilic products with time and this limits the useful lifetime of the
      preparations. The rate of decomposition of [99mTc]d,1-HM-PAO increased in the
      presence of excess stannous ion and at pH greater than 9.

PMID- 3411375
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of thallium-201 in normal individuals after routine myocardial
      scintigraphy.
AB  - Data of pharmacokinetic distribution of and radiation dose from 201Tl chloride
      used in routine myocardial scintigraphy are based on animal studies or on small
      groups of humans not exercised. In order to obtain data under routine conditions
      pharmacokinetics of 201Tl were measured in 15 individuals who had undergone
      diagnostic myocardial scintigraphy and were classified as normal. Ventral and
      dorsal whole-body scans were acquired until 9 days after injection. Conjugate
      pixels were averaged geometrically. Percentage values of total administered dose
      were obtained for total body and 13 organs by using a calculation method that
      takes into account the differentiation of overlapping organs.

PMID- 3411376
TI  - Scintigraphic detection of abdominal wall and diaphragmatic peritoneal leaks in
      patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.
AB  - Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) is utilized with increasing
      frequency for patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD). Several complications
      have been observed including catheter malfunction due to pericatheter leaks,
      abdominal wall and inguinal hernias and diaphragmatic leaks. Occasionally special
      diagnostic procedures are necessary to determine the nature of the abnormality
      and guide the surgical approach to correction. The four cases herein illustrate
      the usefulness of radionuclide imaging in diagnosing leakage of dialysate fluid
      in patients on CAPD.

PMID- 3411378
TI  - Intense bilateral breast uptake of gallium-67.

PMID- 3411377
TI  - Prediction of sudden cardiac death in diabetic autonomic neuropathy.

PMID- 3411379
TI  - Gallium-67 scans in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

PMID- 3411380
TI  - Prognostic value and pathophysiologic significance of the rim sign in
      cholescintigraphy.

PMID- 3411381
TI  - Expression of the CD 15 antigen is a marker of cellular differentiation in
      cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (CIN).
AB  - The CD 15 antigen (3-fucosyl N-acetyllactosamine), present on the outer cell
      membrane of cervical squamous epithelial cells, is recognized by the monoclonal
      antibody MC2, which is similar to several commercially available antibodies.
      Staining sections of cervical biopsies with MC2 clearly demonstrates the zone of
      supra-basal differentiated cells in the normal squamous epithelium. Staining with
      MC2 also demonstrates the diminished proportion of this zone occurring with
      grades of CIN, reflecting progressive de-differentiation of the epithelium. In
      immature squamous metaplastic epithelium, absence of cytoplasmic differentiation
      is reflected by lack of staining. As expression of the CD 15 antigen by cervical
      squamous cells mirrors cytoplasmic maturity and is a marker of cellular
      differentiation, staining colposcopic biopsies with MC2 may aid the routine
      histopathological grading of CIN. A comparison is made between the staining
      pattern observed using MC2 with that of two commercially available antibodies
      (Leu M1 and Dako M1), and a possible role for the CD 15 antigen in cellular
      adhesion in squamous mucosae is discussed.

PMID- 3411382
TI  - Ki-67 derived proliferative activity in colorectal adenocarcinoma with prognostic
      correlations.
AB  - Cryostat sections from samples of 108 colorectal carcinomas were stained with the
      murine monoclonal antibody Ki-67, which is expressed in proliferating cells. Ki
      67 immunoreactivity was assessed independently by two pathologists using a semi
      quantitative method. There was excellent correlation between the two observers.
      Ten cases were assessed quantitatively by counting at least 2000 cells and there
      was a very good correlation between this method and the semi-quantitative method.
      The carcinomas showed a wide range of Ki-67 labelling, reflecting a variation in
      proliferative activity. The tumour labelling index ranged from 1 to 80 per cent
      positivity: there was also heterogeneity of labelling within many of the tumours.
      There was no correlation between Ki-67 derived proliferative score and known
      prognostic parameters, including Dukes stage, New Prognostic Classification
      grade, lymph node status, tumour differentiation, venous spread, invasive margin,
      lymphocytic infiltrate, and curative versus palliative surgery. Nevertheless, it
      is concluded that Ki-67 immunohistochemistry provides a reliable and reproducible
      method of assessment of proliferative activity in colorectal cancer. Ki-67
      immunohistochemistry may have a clinical application in the selection of patients
      with colorectal cancers who might benefit from radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy,
      particularly those with unresectable or locally recurrent tumours.

PMID- 3411383
TI  - Functional and biosynthetic changes in endothelial cells of vessels in
      chronically inflamed tissues: evidence for endothelial control of lymphocyte
      entry into diseased tissues.
AB  - In vitro lymphocyte adhesion to, and selective radiosulphate uptake by,
      endothelial cells has been demonstrated in chronically inflamed tissues of
      patients with peptic ulceration, rheumatoid disease, pilonidal sinus, autoimmune
      thyroiditis, polymyositis, primary biliary cirrhosis, and pyelonephritis. These
      characteristics have been described previously in endothelial cells functionally
      specialized for promoting lymphocyte traffic from blood to lymph node parenchyma.
      It is suggested that these observations indicate that some vessels in inflamed
      tissues may be, at least in part, responsible for the selective accumulation of
      lymphocytes within the tissue. Manipulating the development of this type of
      vessel may offer a novel way of influencing the progress of inflammatory
      disorders.

PMID- 3411384
TI  - Assessment of the effects of age and smoking on the media of muscular pulmonary
      arteries.
AB  - The effects of age and smoking on the media of muscular pulmonary arteries were
      studied in 23 subjects without cardio-pulmonary disease. The group ranged in age
      from 19 to 81 years and included 12 non-smokers and 11 smokers. Twelve
      representative tissue blocks were taken from each subject and all cross
      sectionally cut arteries were measured from histological sections using a
      digitizer. Medial area was measured and artery size defined as total length of
      internal elastic lamina. Only arteries measuring less than 1500 micron length of
      internal elastic lamina were studied. For all subjects, the relationship between
      medial area and length of internal elastic lamina was a curve, which was
      linearized by plotting square root of medial area against artery size. These
      individual linear regression equations (y = A + bx) were used to 'predict' for
      each subject the amount of muscle in the walls of arteries of a specific size:
      500, 1000, and 1500 micron length of internal elastic lamina. Using this type of
      summary data it was found that neither age nor smoking affected the media.
      Individual (inter-subject) variation was evident in the amount of muscle present
      in any size of artery, particularly in the smallest arteries. In arteries
      measuring 500 micron length of internal elastic lamina, the amount of muscle was
      positively and significantly correlated with the absolute weight of the right
      ventricle.

PMID- 3411385
TI  - Pulmonary endothelial and alveolar epithelial lesions induced by O,O,S-trimethyl
      phosphorothioate in rats.
AB  - The morphogenesis of pulmonary injury induced by an impurity present in a
      commercially important organophosphorus insecticide, O,O,S-trimethyl
      phosphorothioate (OOS-TMP), was studied by combined light and transmission
      electron microscopy. Weanling female WAG/Rij rats received OOS-TMP dissolved in
      corn oil by gavage and were studied at intervals from 6 to 168 h after treatment.
      Sequestration of neutrophils was initially observed at 12 h after treatment and
      was accompanied by interstitial oedema. Plasmalemma alterations in endothelium
      lining capillaries and small arteries and veins were observed from 12 to 120 h
      after treatment and were accompanied by endothelial cell detachment and
      separation from the basal lamina. Abundant aggregates of fibrin were sequentially
      observed in intravascular, interstitial, and alveolar spaces. Platelet
      aggregation and degranulation were occasionally observed in capillaries as early
      as 12 h after treatment, and frequently observed in capillaries and small vessels
      from 24 to 96 h after treatment. Significant increases in wet lung weight and
      lung water content occurred at the same time that morphologic changes were
      observed in pulmonary endothelium. Alterations in type I alveolar epithelial
      cells were initially observed at 24 h after treatment. Cell swelling,
      fragmentation, and necrosis were observed in both type I and type II cells and
      resulted in a bare basal lamina. Marked attenuation, hypertrophy, and
      proliferation of type II epithelial cells followed alveolar epithelial cell
      injury and loss. Minimal changes were observed in non-ciliated bronchiolar
      epithelial (Clara) cells; predominant changes included the loss of surface
      microvilli and apical cytoplasmic bulge. The results of this study indicate that
      the endothelium and alveolar epithelium are the predominant cell types in the rat
      lung injured following OOS-TMP administration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3411386
TI  - The way we teach general pathology in Oslo, Norway.

PMID- 3411387
TI  - Effect of circumcision status on periurethral bacterial flora during the first
      year of life.
AB  - To determine whether bacterial colonization is a factor in the pathogenesis of
      urinary tract infection, we compared the periurethral bacterial flora of
      uncircumcised versus circumcised boys during the first year of life.
      Intraurethral and circumferential glans cultures were obtained from 25
      circumcised and 25 uncircumcised infants at 2 days, 2 weeks, 2 months, 4 months,
      6 months, and 12 months of age. Different children were used at each age (300
      total). The types of bacteria and the total and specific colony counts were
      compared. The results of the glans cultures were similar to those from the
      urethra. Uncircumcised boys had significantly higher total colony counts (p less
      than 0.003) at all ages except 12 months. Escherichia coli was present
      significantly more often (p less than 0.01) in the urethras of uncircumcised boys
      at 2 weeks, 2 months, 4 months, and 6 months. Gram-negative uropathogenic
      organisms (Klebsiella-enterobacter, Proteus mirabilis, and Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa) were cultured more frequently (p less than 0.0005) from the urethras
      of uncircumcised boys at 2 months, 4 months, and 6 months. The specific colony
      counts for E. coli and the other uropathogenic organisms were significantly
      higher (p less than 0.05) at all ages except 12 months. We conclude that during
      the first 6 months of life, the presence of a foreskin is associated with a
      greater quantity of periurethral bacteria and a greater likelihood for the
      presence of, as well as higher concentrations of, potentially uropathogenic
      organisms.

PMID- 3411388
TI  - Atopic dermatitis: clinical relevance of food hypersensitivity reactions.
AB  - Forty-six patients with atopic dermatitis ranging from mild to severe were
      evaluated for food hypersensitivity with double-blind placebo-controlled food
      challenges. Twenty-eight (61%) patients had a positive prick skin reaction to one
      of the foods tested. Sixty-five food challenges were performed; 27 (42%) were
      interpreted as positive in 15 (33%) patients. Egg, milk, and peanut accounted for
      78% of the positive reactions. As in previous studies, patients developed skin
      (96%), respiratory (52%), or gastrointestinal (30%) symptoms during the
      challenge. These studies indicate that children who have atopic dermatitis
      unresponsive to routine therapy or who continue to need daily treatment after
      several months would benefit from evaluation for food hypersensitivity.

PMID- 3411389
TI  - Trace mineral balance during acute diarrhea in infants.
AB  - To evaluate the magnitude of copper and zinc losses during acute diarrhea
      requiring hospitalization, we studied 14 infants, 3 to 14 months of age, and
      compared them with a control group of 15 infants of similar age, birth weight,
      and nutritional status. Metabolic balance studies were conducted in the study
      group during an initial 48 hours (period 1) and on days 6 and 7 after admission
      (period 2). The control group was studied after recovery from respiratory
      disease. Copper and zinc content of feces, urine, and food samples was measured
      by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Mean (+/- SD) fecal losses were higher
      for period 1 in the diarrhea group than in control subjects: Cu 55.7 +/- 21.2
      versus 28.8 +/- 6.7 micrograms/kg/body weight/day (p less than 0.01); Zn 159.4 +/
      59.9 versus 47.4 +/- 6.4 micrograms/kg/day (p less than 0.0001). For period 2,
      Zn losses were similar in both groups, but Cu balance remained negative only in
      the study group. Retention of Zn for the study group went from -21.2 +/- 46.7 in
      period 1 to 204.5 +/- 103.0 micrograms/kg/day in period 2 (p less than 0.0001),
      and fecal weight decreased from 70.5 +/- 20.6 in period 1 to 36.8 +/- 20.0
      gm/kg/day in period 2. Fecal weight and fecal losses were correlated: r = 0.71 (p
      less than 0.01) for Cu and r = 0.81 (p less than 0.001) for Zn. Plasma mean Cu
      and Zn levels were low in period 1 but rose in period 2, especially for Zn. A
      negative correlation was found between fecal Zn losses and plasma Zn: r = 0.74 (p
      less than 0.001). We conclude that acute diarrhea leads to Cu and Zn depletion
      and that plasma levels and Cu balance remain abnormal a week after admission.

PMID- 3411390
TI  - Classification of chronic granulomatous disease on the basis of monoclonal
      antibody-defined surface cytochrome b deficiency.
AB  - Flow cytometric quantitative analysis of cytochrome b on outer surface membrane
      and of oxidative product formation in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs) from
      patients with chronic granulomatous disease was carried out with the use of
      monoclonal antibody against cytochrome b of human neutrophils and 2', 7'
      dichlorofluorescin diacetate. Cytochrome b was present on the outer surface
      membrane of PMNLs in normal individuals, and its absence on the outer surface
      membrane was of value in the diagnosis and classification of chronic
      granulomatous disease. This study has shown that a major type of chronic
      granulomatous disease is one of the monoclonal antibody-defined surface membrane
      diseases.

PMID- 3411391
TI  - Nonfluorescent dicentric Y in males with hypospadias.
AB  - We report three boys with severe hypospadias and bilaterally palpable testes with
      abnormalities of the Y chromosome detected by Q-banding. Severe hypospadias with
      palpable testes is an unusual presentation for Y chromosome abnormalities. Based
      on our experience, we recommend that boys with this phenotype undergo complete
      cytogenetic evaluation, because Y chromosome abnormalities prompt additional
      management concerns.

PMID- 3411392
TI  - Percutaneous infraclavicular subclavian vein catheterization in critically ill
      infants and children.
AB  - The safety and risks of percutaneous infraclavicular subclavian vein
      catheterization, when performed by nonsurgical staff, were studied prospectively
      in 100 consecutive patients. The overall success rate was 92% (with one attempt,
      45%; with two attempts, 85%). The procedure was performed under emergency
      conditions in 35% of the patients, with a success rate of 88.6%. The success rate
      was significantly lower in younger patients. Hemodynamic status, respiratory
      status, and level of expertise of the individual performing catheterization did
      not affect success rate. Most of the failures (six of eight) were related to
      presumed thrombosis from prior cannulation of the superior vena cava. Mean
      duration of catheterization was 7.5 +/- 5.8 days (+/- SD). Minor complications (n
      = 24) included hematomas, minor bleeding from subclavian artery puncture, and
      transient premature ventricular ectopic beats. Major complications (n = 6) were
      pneumothoraces (n = 4) and catheter-related infection (n = 2). The number of
      attempts made to catheterize the vessel and the level of expertise of the
      operator had the greatest effect on complication rates. No mortality was
      associated with this procedure. We have found percutaneous infraclavicular
      subclavian vein catheterization to be a rapid alternative to surgical cutdown for
      venous access during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Pediatric residents can be
      trained, under direct supervision, to perform this procedure with a high success
      rate and a low complication rate.

PMID- 3411393
TI  - Altitude and childhood growth.
AB  - To assess the possible influence of altitude on childhood growth in the United
      States, we used data collected by the Centers for Disease Control Pediatric
      Nutrition. Surveillance System from eight mountain states to determine the height
      and weight status of children aged 5 years or younger enrolled in various public
      health programs between 1982 and 1984. The mean birth weight, height-for-age,
      weight-for-age, and weight-for-height indicators were found to decline
      significantly with increasing altitude, starting at an elevation greater than
      1500 m (p less than 0.001, ANOVA). The reduction in growth was observed for all
      age groups and all birth weight groups studied. Part of the observed reduction in
      growth could be attributed to the lower birth weight of children born at higher
      altitude. However, the reduced growth status persisted after controlling for
      birth weight, suggesting the presence of an extrauterine growth retardation
      effect related to altitude.

PMID- 3411394
TI  - Reference data for head circumference and 1-month increments from 1 to 12 months
      of age.
AB  - Serial head circumference measurements in 462 participants in the Fels
      Longitudinal Study were used to develop reference data for ages 1 to 12 months.
      We used a three-parameter mathematical function to model the serial head
      circumference data for each individual and estimated head circumference at 1
      month intervals. Reference data for selected percentiles of head circumference
      status and 1-month increments were calculated from the estimated head
      circumferences. These reference data are presented in tables and charts for use
      in testing hypotheses about group differences or to monitor changes within
      individuals.

PMID- 3411395
TI  - Management of infants of mothers with immune thrombocytopenic purpura.

PMID- 3411396
TI  - Carboxyhemoglobin levels in children with nonspecific flu-like symptoms.

PMID- 3411397
TI  - Safe administration of mumps-measles-rubella vaccine in egg-allergic children.

PMID- 3411398
TI  - Confirmation of autosomal dominant transmission of the DiGeorge malformation
      complex.

PMID- 3411399
TI  - Dilated cardiomyopathy with neutropenia, short stature, and abnormal carnitine
      metabolism.

PMID- 3411400
TI  - Bioavailability of dietary urea nitrogen in the breast-fed infant.

PMID- 3411401
TI  - Mineral excretion in premature infants receiving various diuretic therapies.
AB  - The association of various diuretic therapies with the renal handling of
      minerals, important factors in the development of nephrocalcinosis and
      osteopenia, was studied in low birth weight infants. Twenty-four-hour urine
      specimens (n = 65) were collected from 30 patients who were treated with (1)
      furosemide with or without spironolactone and hydrochlorothiazide (2)
      spironolactone with hydrochlorothiazide, (3) spironolactone alone, or (4) no
      diuretic (control; i.e., after diuretic). Hypercalciuria (urinary calcium greater
      than or equal to 0.15 mmol/kg/day) was observed in all but the control group.
      Covariate analysis demonstrated a significant effect of sodium, calcium, and
      vitamin D intakes (p less than 0.01) and sodium excretion (p less than 0.05) on
      urinary calcium excretion. Treatment with any of these diuretics in neonates may
      be associated with abnormal renal losses of calcium, sodium, chloride, and
      potassium. From a nutritional perspective, neonates requiring long-term diuretic
      therapy thereby require special consideration, including monitoring of mineral
      excretion and renal ultrasonography.

PMID- 3411402
TI  - Cluster of perinatal events identifying infants at high risk for death or
      disability.
AB  - To determine the prognostic import of neonatal seizures according to the presence
      or absence of certain other postnatal characteristics, we studied a population of
      39,000 infants with birth weight greater than 2500 gm. Children with clinically
      recognized neonatal seizures and 5-minute Apgar scores less than or equal to 5
      and who had at least one of five signs compatible with neonatal encephalopathy
      had a risk for first-year death of 33%. Survivors of this cluster of events (low
      Apgar score-abnormal signs-seizures) had a risk for motor disability of 55%. In
      contrast, survivors of neonatal seizures who did not have poor Apgar scores or
      other abnormal signs had a risk for motor disability of only 0.13%. Thus, among
      infants with neonatal seizures the risk for cerebral palsy was 420 times greater
      if there had been a low 5-minute Apgar score and other neonatal signs. Low Apgar
      score-abnormal signs-seizures constituted a cluster of events that served to
      identify, within the first days of life, a tiny subgroup of term newborn infants
      in whom risk for chronic motor disability was 55%, and for death or disability
      was 70%.

PMID- 3411403
TI  - Hydrops and pleural effusions in congenital myotonic dystrophy.

PMID- 3411404
TI  - Pharmacokinetics and adverse effects of amphotericin B in infants and children.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics and safety of amphotericin B infusion were studied in 13
      infants and children (age range 3 weeks to 18 years; median age 11 years) treated
      with the drug for proved (n = 11) or suspected (n = 2) fungal infections. The
      dose during the first day was 0.5 mg/kg, followed by a daily dose of 1 mg/kg for
      the rest of the treatment period in most patients. The drug was infused over 4 to
      6 hours. During the first day, serum concentrations were above the target
      therapeutic level of 0.3 microgram/ml in all patients at 2 and 6 hours from the
      start of the infusion, in 12 of 13 patients at 12 hours, but in only 6 of 13
      patients at 24 hours. On the third day, all concentrations were greater than 0.3
      microgram/ml throughout the 24-hour period, and in 12 of 13 patients were greater
      than 0.5 microgram/ml. The same kinetic profile prevailed on days 7 to 10 of
      therapy, with a tendency for increasing concentrations. Elimination half-life was
      9.93 +/- 1.5 hours (mean +/- SEM), clearance rate 26 +/- 5 ml/kg.hr, and
      distribution volume 378 +/- 25 ml/kg. The half-life inversely correlated with
      patient's age. Pharmacokinetic values calculated during the first day were not
      different from those calculated on day 3. Significant decreases in hemoglobin,
      platelets, and serum potassium concentration were recorded along with significant
      increases in serum creatinine, urea, and aspartate transaminase values. Because
      of the large pharmacokinetic variability and the high rate of serious adverse
      effects, individualized dosing of amphotericin B based on therapeutic drug
      monitoring should be considered.

PMID- 3411405
TI  - Pulse methylprednisolone therapy for acute childhood idiopathic thrombocytopenic
      purpura.

PMID- 3411406
TI  - Effect of penicillins on bilirubin-albumin binding.

PMID- 3411407
TI  - Impact of recurrent otitis media on middle ear function, hearing, and language.
AB  - Whether recurrent otitis media in infants and young children is followed by
      delayed language development was addressed by following 210 normal subjects
      longitudinally through the first 2 years of life with pneumatic otoscopy and
      tympanometry performed at every physician encounter. Otitis accounted for 26% of
      the medical visits. One hundred fifty-six of these children had speech and
      hearing evaluation at 2 years of age. Thirty percent of the children with
      recurrent otitis media had a mild or moderate hearing loss. However, after
      multiple speech and language tests, we could not identify a delay in language
      acquisition in the otitis-prone children. At 3 to 4 years old, 36 children,
      including nine with a hearing loss at 2 years of age, were retested; all nine had
      normal hearing. Recurrent otitis media induced a temporary decrease in hearing
      sensitivity demonstrable at 2 years of age, which appeared to resolve as the
      children matured and which was not associated with delay in language acquisition.

PMID- 3411408
TI  - Functional somatic complaints in adolescents: relationship to negative life
      events, self-concept, and family characteristics.
AB  - While recurrent somatic complaints are commonly encountered in children and
      adolescents, occult organic disease is rarely found in patients with these
      complaints. Recent studies have confirmed the clinical impression that a
      relationship exists between functional somatic complaints and negative life
      events in adolescents. Our goal was to investigate additional psychosocial
      characteristics that may be associated with functional complaints. One hundred
      fifteen adolescents coming for the first time to an adolescent medicine clinic
      completed standard measures of negative life events, psychophysiologic symptoms,
      self-esteem, peer social comparison, and family functioning before an independent
      evaluation by a physician. Patients with functional somatic complaints (chest
      pain, recurrent abdominal pain, limb pain, and hyperventilation syndrome)
      reported significantly more negative life events, lower self-esteem, more
      psychophysiologic symptoms and a lower self-evaluation than did patients coming
      for physical examination or routine health maintenance. Functional somatic
      complaints in adolescents may be associated with poor psychosocial adjustment and
      reaction to negative life events. In addition to ruling out organic disease,
      physicians dealing with these patients should evaluate other areas, including
      stressful life events, peer relations, and self-esteem.

PMID- 3411409
TI  - Growth rate in infants with impaired renal function.
AB  - We report changes in renal function and growth rate in children with reduced
      renal function who were kept on a low normal phosphorus formula until 18 months
      of age. The relationship between serum creatinine values and derived creatinine
      clearance and residual renal function is reviewed regarding the risk of
      progressive loss of function. Expressing growth as growth velocity standard
      deviation scores over 6-month intervals gave a more accurate description of
      growth performance than did change in height standard deviation scores. A
      relationship between residual clearance and growth velocity was inferred.
      However, the growth of children with a less severe reduction in function was
      affected intermittently by intercurrent infections and inadequately treated
      acidosis and salt wasting. Children with a more severe reduction in function,
      despite maintenance on the low-phosphorus formula, had elevated serum
      parathormone levels. We conclude that following growth (as serial growth velocity
      standard deviation scores) in relation to other variables gives more insight into
      factors affecting growth in these children; the level of residual function
      affects growth potential but other complicating factors also have an effect.

PMID- 3411411
TI  - The electroretinogram in preterm infants.
AB  - With the hope that the electroretinogram (ERG) in preterm infants could help
      clarify their vitamin A requirements, a technique for recording the full-field
      ERG in the neonate is described. One hundred seventy-seven ERGs were performed in
      59 preterm and 52 term infants. An ERG was recorded as soon as 7 hours after
      birth and as early as 30 weeks after conception. In preterm infants the a-wave
      latency was longer and the amplitude less than in term infants of the same age.
      The amplitude of the ERG in preterm infants increased with the duration of light
      exposure. Longitudinal data on 15 preterm infants showed a reduction in a-wave
      latency. None of the ERG findings correlated with postconceptional age, which
      suggests that the duration of light exposure is a major determinant of the ERG
      pattern in preterm infants. Despite low circulating levels of retinol, no
      correlations with any of the ERG values were found.

PMID- 3411410
TI  - Salvage chemotherapy for recurrent primary brain tumors in children.
AB  - Sixty consecutive evaluable children with recurrent primary tumors of the central
      nervous system were treated with a regimen of vincristine, nitrogen mustard,
      procarbazine, and prednisone over a 12-year period. Tumor types included
      medulloblastoma (19), brain-stem glioma (16), astrocytoma (13), and a
      miscellaneous glioma (12). Responses and sustained survivals were achieved.
      Responses were highly dependent on tumor type. Disease progression was halted in
      73% of the children with medulloblastoma, and three have survived in complete
      remission for more than 10 years from the start of therapy with vincristine,
      nitrogen mustard, procarbazine, and prednisone. Two of four patients with
      anaplastic glioma, are long-term survivors. In contrast, less than one third of
      children with brain-stem gliomas responded. Toxicity consisted mainly of
      neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, infections, and rarely a procarbazine rash.

PMID- 3411412
TI  - Myocardial infarction in Kawasaki disease.

PMID- 3411413
TI  - Idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome in a neonate.

PMID- 3411414
TI  - Airway injury with mechanical ventilation.

PMID- 3411415
TI  - Therapy for fenthion poisoning.

PMID- 3411416
TI  - Collateral vessels complicating bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

PMID- 3411417
TI  - Diagnosis of Dubin-Johnson syndrome.

PMID- 3411418
TI  - Gentamicin nephrotoxic effects in the neonate.

PMID- 3411419
TI  - Fiber hypertrophy in rat extraocular muscle following lateral rectus resection.
AB  - Compensatory hypertrophy of muscle fibers occurs when tension on a skeletal
      muscle is increased. We looked for this phenomenon in response to strabismus
      surgery by performing a large right lateral rectus resection in 16 rats. Muscle
      fiber diameters of all horizontal rectus muscles were measured at 2-week
      postoperative intervals. Significant fiber hypertrophy occurred in both the
      antagonist right medial rectus and the resected right lateral rectus within 4
      weeks. Fiber diameter subsequently returned to baseline in both muscles. We
      postulate that fiber hypertrophy in this setting may be a compensatory response
      to increased elastic load.

PMID- 3411420
TI  - The deterioration of accommodative esotropia: frequency, characteristics, and
      predictive factors.
AB  - A number of patients with accommodative esotropia who are initially well
      controlled in their spectacle correction will deteriorate. To obtain an overall
      estimate of the prevalence of deterioration and to examine the associated
      clinical features for an indication of which factors may influence deterioration,
      114 charts of patients with the diagnosis of accommodative esotropia, who were
      followed for a period of at least 10 years, were reviewed. Results of this review
      showed that 15 of the 114 patients (13%) deteriorated. Overall, 73 patients had a
      normal AC/A ratio (viz less than 5:1 by the gradient method) and 41 patients had
      a high AC/A ratio; deterioration occurred in statistically identical proportions
      in each group. There was an increasing frequency of deterioration the longer the
      delay between the onset of esodeviation and prescription of optical correction.
      In addition, deterioration was found to be most prevalent in patients for whom
      the age of onset was 24 months or younger. Other parameters were consistent with
      features typically reported in cases of accommodative esotropia.

PMID- 3411421
TI  - Accommodation deficiency in healthy young individuals.
AB  - Ten patients, ages 10 to 19, with accommodation insufficiency are reported. All
      patients were in good health and asymptomatic, except for asthenopia during near
      visual activities. Each patient's amplitude of accommodation was measured and
      found to be considerably below the minimal normal for their respective ages (an
      average of 6 diopters). Only three patients had associated convergence
      insufficiency. No etiology for the diminished accommodation was suggested by
      history or could be identified by careful examination. All patients were
      successfully managed optically with bifocals or reading glasses, although three
      required the addition of base-in prisms for the near exodeviation. Near vision
      testing and determination of the near point of accommodation should be part of
      the pediatric ophthalmologic examination in all patients with complaints
      referable to their reading and visual performance at near.

PMID- 3411422
TI  - Strabismus in plagiocephaly.

PMID- 3411423
TI  - Ocular trauma following amniocentesis as the cause of leukocoria.
AB  - Among the various causes of leukocoria in a newborn, intrauterine ocular trauma
      following amniocentesis is not included. We describe a three-day-old girl whose
      leukocoria of the left eye resulted from traction retinal detachment, caused by
      the perforation of the globe during diagnostic amniocentesis.

PMID- 3411425
TI  - Optic nerve glioma.

PMID- 3411424
TI  - Acquired epimacular membrane after multiple intraocular procedures in an infant.
AB  - At 7 months of age, an infant with Lowe's oculocerebrorenal syndrome developed an
      epimacular membrane after three intraocular surgeries in the right eye. Serial
      fundus photographs document the membrane's appearance 6 months after
      lensectomy/vitrectomy for a dense cataract and 2 months after the second
      trabeculotomy for congenital glaucoma. Epimacular membranes are a vitreoretinal
      disorder found almost exclusively in adults. To the best of our knowledge, this
      is the first documented case of acquired preretinal macular membrane in an infant
      and the youngest case reported in the literature. The loss of formed vitreous and
      repeated deposition of blood products into the vitreous cavity may be responsible
      for the development of this preretinal membrane.

PMID- 3411426
TI  - [Drinkable ampules].

PMID- 3411428
TI  - [Spectral and galenic study of the interaction between the active principle and
      coating film: the influence of technology and the role of the plasticizer].

PMID- 3411427
TI  - [The mechanism of action of penicillin and other beta-lactam antibiotics].

PMID- 3411429
TI  - [Comparative study of five sustained-release theophylline preparations].

PMID- 3411430
TI  - Synthesis and antimicrobial investigation of benzimidazole-2-thiol and
      benzothiazole-2-thiol esters.

PMID- 3411431
TI  - Spectroscopic studies of some Schiff bases derived from sulphonamides and their
      biological activity uses.

PMID- 3411432
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of two rectal dosage forms of ketoprofen in patients after anal
      surgery.
AB  - Two kinds of dosage forms of commercially available suppositories containing
      ketoprofen (KP), fatty suppositories (FS) and gelatin capsulated suppositories
      (GCS), were administered to patients immediately after anal surgery, and results
      obtained were compared. No difference was found in each corresponding
      pharmacokinetic parameter of the two dosage forms. However, when these parameters
      were compared with those from healthy subjects, significant differences were
      found in the values of peak level (Cmax), peak time (Tmax) and terminal phase
      half-life (t1/2). Cmax decreased by one half, and Tmax and t1/2 increased two and
      four times longer, respectively, those from healthy subjects. The absorption rate
      constant (ka) in patients was significantly (p less than 0.01) smaller than that
      in healthy subjects. However, the distribution volume/bioavailability (Vd/F),
      elimination rate constant (kel), and area under the curve (AUC) differed only
      slightly. Consequently, the flip-flop phenomena could be seen in the time
      profiles of plasma KP concentration of patients. These results suggested that the
      rectal suppository of KP should be administered with care, especially in the
      patients operated on under spinal anesthesia.

PMID- 3411433
TI  - Predicting serum lithium concentration using Bayesian method: a comparison with
      other methods.
AB  - Two pharmacokinetic approaches (single-point Bayesian and two fixed volume of
      distribution-iterative methods) for predicting serum lithium concentrations in
      patients treated with lithium carbonate for manic-depressive illness or cyclic
      neutropenia in Kyushu University Hospital were evaluated and compared
      retrospectively. Prior to these analyses, three methods (prediction using mean
      parameters reported by Mason et al., the Pepin method, and the Zetin method)
      without measuring serum concentrations were also compared. In the Bayesian
      analysis, the effect of population mean parameters (reported by Mason et al. and
      Pepin et al.), which were used as initial estimates in a fitting process, on
      predictive performance was also studied. Forty five patients (21 male, 24 female)
      were included in this study. The average number of determinations per patient was
      6.3, and the sampling times ranged from 2 to 18 h after the last dose. Serum
      lithium concentrations were measured by atomic absorption spectrometer. The
      Bayesian method used a computer program (PEDA) developed previously by one of us.
      The prediction using the population mean values from Mason's report gave the
      least root mean squared error (RMSE; a composite measure for bias and precision
      of prediction), and was considered to be the most precise among the methods
      without measuring serum concentrations. Among the methods using a single measured
      concentration, the Bayesian prediction was less biased and more precise than that
      by the two fixed volume of distribution-iterative methods. The Bayesian method
      reduced prediction error in serum concentration prediction compared with those
      obtained from population mean parameters in both cases: A high reduction of RMSE
      was observed when the values from Pepin method were used as initial estimates
      (from 0.320 to 0.219 meq/l), while, Mason's values gave less reduction (from
      0.219 to 0.213 meq/l). In the Bayesian prediction of serum lithium concentration,
      the selection of population-based initial estimates gave no effect on predictive
      ability of the Bayesian method in terms of RMSE. In conclusion, the Bayesian
      method was robust and flexible with regard to dosing schedule, sampling time and
      number of blood samples, and gave the most clinically acceptable precision among
      the methods evaluated.

PMID- 3411434
TI  - Effects of diltiazem on rheological properties of human blood.
AB  - The in vitro effects of diltiazem (DTZ), a coronary vasodilator,
      deacetyldiltiazem (D-M1), one of the metabolites of DTZ, and pentoxifylline (PTF)
      which is known to improve erythrocyte deformation, on the viscosity of platelet
      poor blood were compared. Furthermore the change in the viscosity of whole blood
      from patients with effort angina after intravenous administration of DTZ was
      examined ex vivo. The addition of DTZ into platelet poor blood at 37 degrees C
      caused a rapid reduction in blood viscosity and an enhancement of erythrocyte
      deformability within 5 min, which then diminished in a time-dependent manner.
      Similar effects were also found by adding D-M1. On the other hand, the effects of
      PTF appeared after an incubation period of more than 60 min and were enhanced in
      a time-dependent manner. These actions of PTF, but not those of DTZ and D-M1,
      paralleled the increase of erythrocyte adenosine-triphosphate content. DTZ and D
      M1, but not PTF, had biphasic effects on the osmotic behavior of erythrocytes.
      Whole blood viscosity was reduced significantly during the period 5-30 min after
      intravenous administration of 10 mg of DTZ, which diminished with the elimination
      of plasma DTZ. In conclusion, the action mechanisms involved in the effect of DTZ
      and D-M1 on blood rheological properties appeared to be different from that of
      PTF. These effects of DTZ are clinically significant in improving the flow
      properties of blood in vascular diseases.

PMID- 3411435
TI  - Choleretic actions of iridoid compounds.
AB  - The intravenous administration of 50 and 100 mg/kg of genipin (GP), gardenogenins
      (GAR-G), deacetylasperulosidic acid methylester genins (DAM-G), and scandoside
      methylester genin (SSM-G) exhibited the bile acid-independent choleretic actions.
      The action of DAM-G was stronger than the actions of other compounds tested. The
      choleretic action of SSM-G was milder, but longer lasting than those of GAR-G and
      DAM-G.

PMID- 3411436
TI  - Regional changes in brain noradrenergic activity elicited by a decrease in blood
      pressure.
AB  - Using high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection, the
      level of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylene glycol (MHPG), an index of
      noradrenaline release, was determined in regions of the brainstem and
      hypothalamus of rats after acute hypotension induced by hydralazine. In
      hypotensive rats, an increase in MHPG concentrations was observed in the
      posterior hypothalamus, while no significant changes were seen for all the other
      regions. These results suggest that hypotension results in an enhancement of
      noradrenaline release in the posterior hypothalamus in rats.

PMID- 3411437
TI  - Determination of gamma-aminobutyric acid and associated amino acids in mouse
      brain by liquid chromatography.
AB  - A rapid method is described for the analysis of amino acids containing in mouse
      brain by high performance liquid chromatography equipped with a fluorescence
      detector. Pre-column o-phthalaldehyde-2-mercaptoethanol derivatives of the amino
      acids were injected onto an ODS C-18 column. 5-Amino-n-valeric acid, a non
      endogenous amino acid, was used as an internal standard. Separation and elution
      of amino acid derivatives were achieved by varying the ratio of organic phase by
      a step gradient. Significant increases in gamma-aminobutyric acid, glutamine and
      glycine levels in the brain were detected 2 h after injection of 800 mg/kg
      valproic acid (VPA). A high dose administration of VPA was correlated with Reye's
      syndrome.

PMID- 3411438
TI  - Relative bioavailability of midazolam following sublingual versus oral
      administration in healthy volunteers.
AB  - The extent of bioavailability of midazolam following sublingual and oral
      administration were evaluated. Three healthy volunteers received a single 15-mg
      dose of midazolam maleate by sublingual and oral routes on two occasions in a
      ossover design. Concentrations of midazolam in plasma during 4 h after each dose
      were measured by gas-liquid chromatography with an electron-capture detector. The
      mean AUC0-4 value following sublingual administration was significantly greater
      than that following oral administration (14889 vs 3594 ng. min/ml, p less than
      0.05). The peak plasma concentration after sublingual dose was also significantly
      higher than that after oral administration (p less than 0.05). The mean AUC0-4
      value of midazolam after sublingual administration was increased four times
      compared with that after oral administration, possibly due to avoidance of first
      pass effect. Thus, the clinical effects of midazolam may likewise be enhanced by
      sublingual administration of midazolam.

PMID- 3411439
TI  - Metabolism of diltiazem. I. Structures of new acidic and basic metabolites in
      rat, dog and man.
AB  - The metabolites of diltiazem in the urine of rats, dogs and man and rat bile were
      investigated. New metabolites including six acidic metabolites (A1-A6) and four
      basic metabolites (M9, MB, MC, MD) were isolated by high performance liquid
      chromatography and their structures were characterized by gas chromatography-mass
      spectrometry. Acidic metabolites A1, A2, A3, A4 and basic metabolite MD
      identified by comparing their properties with the synthetic compounds; (+)-(2S,
      3S)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-acetoxy-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5- benzothiazepin-5
      acetic acid (A1), 3-deacetyl-A1 (A2), O-demethyl-A1 (A3), O-demethyl-3-deacetyl
      A1 (A4) and N-didemethyl-diltiazem (MD). All acidic metabolites have a CH2COOH
      group which may be formed by oxidative deamination of the CH2CH2N(CH3)2 group of
      diltiazem.

PMID- 3411441
TI  - Binding of 1-(2-ethoxyethyl)-2-(hexahydro-4-methyl-1, 4-diazepin-1-yl)
      benzimidazole difumarate (KG-2413) to serum or plasma proteins in man, guinea pig
      and rat.
AB  - Human, guinea pig and rat sera or plasma protein binding of 1-(2-ethoxyethyl)-2
      (hexahydro-4-methyl-1, 4-diazepin-1-yl)benzimidazole difumarate (KG-2413) were
      investigated by equilibrium dialysis. There were pronounced interspecies
      differences in binding affinity and binding capacity which were the highest in
      guinea pig and human species, respectively. In humans, the binding index
      (n1P1/Kd1) of isolated alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (alpha 1-AG) was seven times
      higher than that of isolated albumin, and the dissociation constant for human
      serum at the high affinity binding site was comparable to that for alpha 1-AG.
      These facts suggested that the free base of KG-2413 was mainly bound to alpha 1
      AG in human serum. The contribution of albumin to the binding of KG-2413 in
      guinea pig and rat plasma may be relatively small. The interspecies differences
      in KG-2413 binding observed in this study may be due to species differences in
      the binding affinity and/or capacity of alpha 1-AG.

PMID- 3411440
TI  - Metabolism of diltiazem. II. Metabolic profile in rat, dog and man.
AB  - The metabolism of diltiazem was studied in male rats and dogs after intravenous
      administration of 14C-diltiazem.HCl or in men after oral administration of a
      tablet of diltiazem.HCl. The main metabolites in rat urine, in decreasing order
      of content, were A4, M6, M4 and M5. The unchanged drug in the urine accounted for
      only 0.7% of the administered drug based on radioactivity. About 81% of biliary
      radioactivity in rat was due to water-soluble metabolites and the remainder was
      mostly acidic metabolites such as A4 and A6. In dog urine, the unchanged drug was
      most abundant (30.6% of the radioactivity in the 6-h urine), followed by A2, A1
      and M2. The main metabolites of diltiazem in rat plasma were A2 and A4, while in
      dog plasma, the unchanged drug and A2 were found as main components. In human
      urine, M4, the unchanged drug, A2, MB, MD and M2 were the major components.
      Acidic metabolites, A1-A4, were found also in human plasma and A2 was the main
      metabolite found. These results indicated that the main metabolic pathway of
      diltiazem was an oxidative deamination which is extensive in the rat. Other
      metabolic pathways recognized in this study were oxidative demethylation,
      deacetylation, hydroxylation of the aromatic ring and conjugation. Although
      direct comparison may not be appropriate because of the different routes of
      administration, the metabolism of diltiazem in man appears to be more similar to
      that in the dog than that in the rat.

PMID- 3411442
TI  - Differential release of calcium, magnesium and serotonin by rabbit and human
      platelets.
AB  - Calcium and magnesium are extracellularly released by platelets during the
      release reaction. The characteristics of the release of these components by
      rabbit and human platelets were compared with the release of serotonin. When
      rabbit platelets were activated by thrombin which induces maximum response,
      approximately 80% of the platelet serotonin and calcium, but only 50% of platelet
      magnesium were released. It was suggested that only about one-half of the amount
      of platelet magnesium was localized in the releasable compartments in the cells.
      In response to a lower concentration of thrombin, calcium and magnesium were
      released to a greater extent than was serotonin. When phorbol myristate acetate
      was added to the rabbit and human platelet suspension serotonin was slowly but
      calcium and magnesium were rapidly released into extracellular fluid. Platelet
      factor-4 was also more rapidly released than serotonin by human platelets. The
      release of calcium and magnesium was analogous to the release of platelet factor
      4. It is conceivable that possible pools containing calcium and magnesium but
      little or no serotonin exist in the platelets and that their contents are more
      susceptible to mild stimuli than granular serotonin.

PMID- 3411444
TI  - Assessment of issues related to access to ambulatory care services at the
      Children's Hospital of Boston.

PMID- 3411443
TI  - The effects of platinum levels in plasma, urine, and kidney on blood urea
      nitrogen levels after cisplatin injection in rats.
AB  - To analyze the relationship between the kinetics of filterable Pt and
      nephrotoxicity after cisplatin injection, Sprague-Dawley rats were given 5 mg/kg
      of i.v. cisplatin during hypothermia (hypothermia group) or given 5 mg/kg of
      cisplatin preincubated with rat serum (preincubation group). Plasma Pt levels,
      kidney Pt contents, urinary excretion of Pt, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels
      after cisplatin injection were then determined. These hypothermia and
      preincubation treatments were performed in order to change the kinetics of
      filterable Pt without changing the total dose of cisplatin. Plasma Pt levels were
      significantly changed by both hypothermia or preincubation. Urinary excretion of
      Pt was unaffected by hypothermia but was significantly reduced by preincubation.
      However, significant differences in BUN elevation were not observed either in the
      hypothermia group or the preincubation group relative to the control group.
      Kidney Pt contents were not affected by hypothermia or preincubation at 1 h, 6 h,
      and 24 h after cisplatin injection. When rats were injected i.v. with 5, 7, or 10
      mg/kg cisplatin, dose-related increases were observed both in kidney Pt contents
      and in BUN levels. These results suggest that the degree of nephrotoxicity more
      accurately correlates with renal Pt content rather than with plasma Pt levels or
      urinary concentration of Pt, and that the role of filterable Pt species in
      producing nephrotoxicity may have to be reevaluated.

PMID- 3411445
TI  - Visiting policies in pediatrics: parents' perceptions and preferences.

PMID- 3411446
TI  - Hergenrother Impact of Illness Scale.

PMID- 3411447
TI  - Writing a nursing diagnosis for a complex client: the infant with a congenital
      heart defect.

PMID- 3411448
TI  - Increasing staff nurse autonomy: a key to nurse retention.

PMID- 3411450
TI  - The homes in their minds.

PMID- 3411449
TI  - Developing a research program in a clinical setting.

PMID- 3411452
TI  - Nurse scheduler software.

PMID- 3411451
TI  - You are not alone!

PMID- 3411453
TI  - Pubertal status and social support-seeking behavior in early adolescents.

PMID- 3411454
TI  - Metoclopramide pharmacokinetics in pregnant and nonpregnant sheep.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of metoclopramide was studied in chronically instrumented
      pregnant and nonpregnant sheep. Metoclopramide was administered to the ewe by
      intravenous bolus injections (on a crossover basis) of 10, 20, and 40 mg, with an
      additional 80-mg dose to the nonpregnant animals. Transfer of the drug to the
      fetus was rapid with significant concentrations in fetal plasma 1 min after
      maternal dosing. The ratio of fetal-to-maternal area under the plasma
      concentration-time curves averaged 0.74, indicating significant fetal exposure to
      the drug. Maternal metoclopramide administration resulted in minimal fetal
      effects, with no change in arterial pressure, heart rate, or arterial pH or PCO2,
      and only a small (approximately 1.8 mmHg) transient decline in PO2. Plasma
      concentrations in maternal and fetal plasma in most animals were best described
      by a biexponential equation with rapid distribution and elimination phases. The
      terminal elimination half-lives in maternal and fetal plasma averaged 71.3 and
      86.8 min, respectively, with fetal half-life being significantly longer. The
      number of fetuses present had no consistent effects on either maternal or fetal
      pharmacokinetic parameters. Total body clearance and volume of distribution
      averaged 3.5 L/h/kg and 5.8 L/kg, respectively, in the pregnant ewe, and 4.5
      L/h/kg and 6.9 L/kg, respectively, in the nonpregnant animals. The terminal
      elimination half-life in the nonpregnant ewes averaged 67.5 min. Pharmacokinetic
      parameters were compared in the pregnant and nonpregnant ewes at the 10-, 20-,
      and 40-mg doses, and no significant differences were observed in the distribution
      or elimination rate constants, elimination half-life, or volume of
      distribution.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3411456
TI  - Pharmacodynamics of chlorzoxazone in rats.
AB  - Pharmacological effect-time profiles of a centrally acting muscle relaxant,
      chlorzoxazone, were evaluated by both rotarod and crossed extensor reflex (CER)
      methods. Drug response was measured by percent change in the remaining time on
      the rod for the former method and in intensity of isometric contraction of the
      muscle for the latter method. The drug response was quantitated using the
      logarithmic-logistic function and then biophase levels were calculated. The
      results indicated that the maximum response was observed 10 min after drug
      administration for both methods at every dose studied. However, the values of
      ED50 indicated that the CER method was more sensitive than the other.
      Pharmacodynamic analysis offered the results that the dose-normalized biophase
      levels for each dose obtained from the CER method were coincident with each other
      and that the logarithmic-logistic function was proven to be of use for the
      pharmacodynamic modeling which could simply assess the bioavailability. On the
      other hand, all dose-normalized values obtained from the rotarod method did not
      scatter around the same line. This evidence indicated a violation of assumption
      for the pharmacodynamic analysis. From the above data, the CER method proved to
      be of use for assessing the drug response based on the dose-independent kinetics
      with high sensitivity.

PMID- 3411455
TI  - Differential metabolism of the enantiomers of primaquine.
AB  - When racemic primaquine was administered to rats, the majority of the residual
      primaquine excreted in urine was found to be the (+)-isomer. Using a liver
      microsome preparation, there was no selectivity in the metabolism of the (+)- and
      (-)-isomers; however, a liver fraction containing mitochondria and microsomes did
      show selectivity. In the latter preparation, there was a marked preference for
      the conversion of (-)-primaquine to (-)-carboxy-primaquine.

PMID- 3411457
TI  - High performance liquid chromatography of a new 1,4-dihydropyridine: applications
      to pharmacokinetic study in dogs.
AB  - A new nitrendipine derivative [ethyl-2-(1-piperidino)ethyl-1,4-dihydro-2,6
      dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)- 3,5-pyridine dicarboxylate hydrochloride;1] was
      assayed in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography. After
      deproteinization and extraction, 1 and nitrendipine, as the external standard,
      were separated by ion-pair chromatography and measured by UV detection (254 nm).
      The method is rapid and specific: the limit of sensitivity of the assay was 5
      ng/mL and the concentration range was linear between 5 and 2000 ng/mL. In vitro
      studies showed that, in contrast to nifedipine and nicardipine, 1 and
      nitrendipine were stable when exposed to light for at least 4 h. Pharmacokinetic
      parameters obtained in three beagle dogs after oral and intravenous
      administration are reported. Comparison with a nicardipine pharmacokinetic study
      showed similar results for the distribution and elimination characteristics of
      these two drugs.

PMID- 3411458
TI  - Fluorescence study of the membrane-perturbing action of sodium caprylate as
      related to promotion of drug absorption.
AB  - The medium-chain fatty acid sodium caprylate released 6-carboxyfluorescein (CF),
      a model compound of water-soluble drugs, from the rat small intestinal brush
      border membrane (BBM) vesicles and liposomes containing CF. Caprylate caused a
      decrease in the fluorescence polarization of dansyl chloride, fluorescein
      isothiocyanate, and eosin maleimide covalently labeled to BBM. This indicates a
      perturbation of the BBM. However, no change in the fluorescence polarization of
      lipid-soluble fluorescent probes (2-(9-anthroyloxy) stearic acid, 12-(9
      anthroyloxy) stearic acid, and 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene) labeled to BBM was
      produced by caprylate. These findings indicate that caprylate can increase the
      permeability of the plasma membranes through the perturbation of the membranes.
      These actions of caprylate on membranes are considered one possible mechanism by
      which it promotes the absorption of water-soluble and poorly absorbed drugs.

PMID- 3411461
TI  - Protein binding of ceftriaxone in extravascular fluids.
AB  - Ceftriaxone binding in extravascular fluids and diluted plasma was characterized
      by equilibrium dialysis techniques and the data was subjected to Scatchard
      analysis. The extent of ceftriaxone binding in extravascular fluids (synovial,
      lymph, ascites, and pleural exudate) was less than plasma due primarily to lower
      albumin concentrations. Ceftriaxone capacity constants were highly correlated (r2
      = 0.900, p less than 0.001) with measured albumin concentrations (range of 43 g/L
      for albumin to 4.7 g/L for one of the pleural exudate samples). The binding
      affinity constant (M-1 x 10(-4] was comparable for plasma (3.67), synovial fluid
      (4.14), and lymph (3.40), but was lower for ascites (2.37) and pleural fluid
      (range of 2.77 to 0.31). Plasma samples diluted with plasma water (range of 100
      to 3%) exhibited a common affinity constant (mean value 4.03 x 10(4) M-1) and
      capacity constants which correlated directly with albumin concentration (r2 =
      0.998, p less than 0.001). Analysis of these observations suggests that
      extravascular binding of ceftriaxone can readily be predicted if extravascular
      albumin concentration and corresponding disease-state plasma protein binding are
      known.

PMID- 3411460
TI  - Disposition kinetics of nicotine and cotinine enantiomers in rabbits and beagle
      dogs.
AB  - The disposition kinetics of nicotine and cotinine enantiomers was determined in
      rabbits. The clearance of (R)-nicotine was similar to that of (S)-nicotine, but
      clearance of (R)-cotinine was twice that of (S)-cotinine. Fractional conversions
      of both enantiomers of nicotine to cotinine were approximately 50%. These results
      suggest that in rabbits the biotransformation pathways of cotinine, but not
      nicotine, are influenced by stereochemistry. The disposition kinetics of nicotine
      enantiomers in beagle dogs was also studied. In dogs, the clearance of (R)
      nicotine was slightly greater than the clearance of (S)-nicotine. Methods for the
      synthesis of (R)-nicotine and (R)-cotinine of high enantiomeric purity and a gas
      chromatographic method for determination of nicotine enantiomeric purity are
      described.

PMID- 3411459
TI  - Evaluation of the cytotoxic potential of catechols and quinones structurally
      related to butylated hydroxyanisole.
AB  - The cytotoxicity of 2- and 3-butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and 18 related
      aromatic compounds has been determined employing cultured P388 and KB cells. The
      phenolic compounds, 3-BHA and 2-BHA, had moderately low cytotoxic activity. Their
      corresponding catechols had ED50 values that were much lower than those of the
      parent compounds. This substantial increase in the cytotoxic activity is
      attributed to the presence of the catechol group, which is known to undergo one
      electron oxidation readily to give the corresponding semiquinone radical. Other
      related catechols had similar cytotoxic activity. In general, derivatization of
      the catechol functionality resulted in a decrease of the cytotoxic potential of
      the compounds. Monoacetylation or monomethylation of the catechols gave products
      that were less potent cytotoxic agents than the parent compounds. Further loss of
      activity was observed when both hydroxy groups of the catechol function were
      blocked. Substitution of a methoxy group in place of a hydrogen atom in these
      compounds resulted in a significant increase of cytotoxicity, whereas the
      replacement of a methoxy group with a methyl group reduced the cytotoxicity. The
      catechols and quinones derived from 2-BHA were more active when compared with
      those derived from 3-BHA. The t-butyl group adjacent to the catechol or quinone
      moiety in the 3-BHA derivatives appeared to exert a significant steric effect
      toward the cytotoxic potential of these compounds. These results suggest the
      potential use of o-quinones and catechols as cytotoxic and antitumor agents.

PMID- 3411462
TI  - Effect of viscosity on particle size, deposition, and clearance of nasal delivery
      systems containing desmopressin.
AB  - The effect of methylcellulose on the particle size distribution and dosing
      accuracy of pre-metered spray pump devices containing the peptide desmopressin
      (DDAVP) was investigated. Using gamma scintigraphy, the influence of
      methylcellulose on the in vivo deposition and clearance of nasal solutions
      administered as drops or spray was studied. Nasal formulations containing 0,
      0.25, and 0.50% methylcellulose produced a dose-related increase in average
      particle size from 51 micron for 0% to 81 and 200 micron for 0.25 and 0.50%
      methylcellulose, respectively. However, no effect was observed on the dosing
      accuracy of the spray pumps. The addition of methylcellulose gave a more
      localized in vivo deposition in the anterior region of the nasal vestibule.
      However, the net effect on clearance followed a biphasic pattern which showed an
      increase in retention time for the 0.25% solution, followed by a decrease in
      retention time and faster clearance time for the 0.50% solution. The spray
      delivers well-controlled doses to the nasal cavity. These findings show that
      viscosity, particle size, and nasal clearance are important parameters in the
      design of nasal delivery systems.

PMID- 3411463
TI  - Penetration of adenosine into excised human skin from binary vehicles: the
      enhancement factor.
AB  - Human skin samples are permeable to adenosine delivered from 0.5-3% solutions in
      vehicles consisting of propionic acid, hexanoic acid, or mixtures of these in
      various ratios. The observed optimal Kp, hence flux, of adenosine from the binary
      vehicles is 0.4 X 10(-3) cm/min, while that from propionic acid is 0.12 X 10(-3),
      and that from hexanoic acid is 0.16 X 10(-3) cm/min. The bell-shaped dependence
      of the observed Kp on donor vehicle composition may be resolved into two trends
      proceeding in opposite directions: an increase in the excess free energy of
      adenosine in the donor vehicle with an increase in volume fraction of hexanoic
      acid in that vehicle ("push" effect); and an increase in the flux of adenosine
      with an increase in the flux of propionic acid ("pull" effect) delivered from the
      binary vehicle. The Kp of adenosine anticipated from its excess free energy in
      the donor phase ("push" effect), independent of any enhancing effect due to the
      presence of propionic acid, is calculated from the partial molal volume of
      adenosine in a given vehicle; this volume correlates inversely with the
      solubility parameter of that vehicle. The ratio of the observed Kp to the
      calculated Kp gives an enhancement factor which is approximately 6 for a
      formulation consisting of four volumes of hexanoic acid and six volumes of
      propionic acid. A similar trend is found for binary vehicles of isopropyl
      myristate and propionic acid.

PMID- 3411465
TI  - Structure-activity relationship of 1-alkyl- or 1-alkenylazacycloalkanone
      derivatives as percutaneous penetration enhancers.
AB  - Nine azacycloalkanone (5-, 6-, or 7-member ring) derivatives with an alkyl or
      alkenyl (terpene) chain (10, 15, or 20 carbons) were compared with 1
      dodecylazacycloheptan-2-one (azone, 1) for their effects on the percutaneous
      penetration of 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) through excised guinea pig skin.
      Pretreatment of skin with an enhancer markedly increased penetration and skin
      accumulation of 6-MP. Superior enhancing effects were observed for enhancers
      having a terpene chain of 10 carbons and an azacyclo ring with one carbonyl
      group. Enhancers with a C20 tail chain were less effective. Enhancer ring size
      had little effect on enhancing activity, whereas the increase in the number of
      carbonyl groups in the ring caused a decrease. Computer fitting of a penetration
      profile to Fick's diffusion equation gave two parameters corresponding to
      diffusion and partitioning of 6-MP. The diffusion parameter was little affected
      by pretreatment with an enhancer, whereas the partition parameter was markedly
      increased. This suggests that enhancement is determined by the ability to
      increase the drug partitioning into the skin and to enlarge the drug
      concentration gradient in the skin barrier. The primary skin irritation was
      examined with rabbit dorsal skin in vivo. The enhancers with an alkyl chain
      induced severer primary irritation (erythema and edema) than those with an
      alkenyl chain. From the balance between enhancing and irritating activities, it
      is concluded that 1-geranylazacycloheptan-2-one, 1-farnesylazacycloheptan-2-one
      and 1-farnesylazacyclopentan-2-one are favorable enhancers.

PMID- 3411464
TI  - Effect of vehicle amphiphilicity on the dissolution and bioavailability of a
      poorly water-soluble drug from solid dispersions.
AB  - Solid dispersions of a poorly water-soluble drug [REV 5901; alpha-pentyl-3-(2
      quinolinylmethoxy)benzenemethanol; 1] in an amphiphilic vehicle [Gelucire 44/14;
      2] and in polyethylene glycol (PEG) 1000, PEG 1450, and PEG 8000 were prepared.
      The vehicle 2 was a mixture of hydrogenated fatty acid esters with a mp of 44
      degrees C, and had a HLB value of 14. Compound 1 was dissolved or dispersed in
      molten vehicles at elevated temperatures. The pulverization and compression of
      solid dispersions were avoided by encapsulating the hot solutions directly into
      hard gelatin capsules. At room temperature, the dispersions solidified forming
      plugs inside the capsules. On storage, greater than 180 mg of 1 remained
      dissolved per gram of vehicle, while the excess drug formed fine crystals (less
      than 20 micron). When mixed with water, the dissolved drug separated as a
      metastable liquid. Due to the surfactant property of 2, the oily form of 1 that
      separated from this vehicle formed an emulsified system with a globular size of
      less than 1 micron, while greater than 80% of 1 that separated from the other
      three formulations coalesced to form large oily masses. As a result of the large
      difference in surface area, the dissolution rate of 1 in simulated gastric fluid
      from capsules containing 2 was much higher than that of a PEG-based formulation.
      The bioavailability (AUC) of 1 in dogs from capsules containing 2 was also higher
      than that from PEG 1000-based capsules.

PMID- 3411466
TI  - Nuclear magnetic resonance study of an ethyl cellulose sustained-release delivery
      system. I: Effect of casting solvent on hydration properties.
AB  - This study was conducted in order to explore the proton relaxation time and the
      structural features of films that are cast from different solvents and to be used
      as sustained-release delivery systems. Protons magnetic resonance measurements
      were performed on ethyl cellulose (EC) films cast from ethanol or chloroform
      solutions in the presence of polyethyleneglycol (PEG). Spin-lattice relaxation
      time (T1) was measured with a Bruker PC-20 Multispec, at 20 MHz and at 37 degrees
      C, on the dry films and thereafter during gradual, controlled hydration. The
      prolongation of the rate of relaxation time for the films cast from ethanol and
      chloroform solutions was found to be drastically different. Water
      compartmentalization was then calculated according to the Free Induction Decay
      model. After the addition of similar amounts of water, markedly different
      hydration fraction (HF) values were derived for the films cast from the different
      solutions as a function of the amount of embedded PEG. Scanning electron
      micrographs confirmed that the two types of systems have different film
      structures that are dictated by the casting solvent and the amount of embedded
      PEG. From these results it can be concluded that in the presence of PEG, EC films
      cast from ethanol have more water binding sites and a thicker water multilayer
      around them than films cast from chloroform. These properties might influence the
      release rate of an active agent from the sustained-release device.

PMID- 3411467
TI  - Nuclear magnetic resonance study of an ethyl cellulose sustained-release delivery
      system. II: Release rate behavior of tetracycline.
AB  - The release rate behavior of tetracycline (TC) from a sustained-release delivery
      system composed of an ethyl cellulose (EC) film and polyethyleneglycol (PEG) was
      studied using proton magnetic resonance (PMR) and UV spectroscopy. The optical
      density (OD) and spin-spin relaxation time (T2) were measured after the films
      were immersed in di-distilled water. The TC release rate was examined as a
      function of two variables: gradual changes in the relative amounts (% w/w) of the
      embedded TC and PEG. A high correlation was found between the fractional changes
      of T2 relaxation time and the percent release of TC, as measured by means of UV
      spectroscopy. The results revealed that the TC release profile from EC film is
      strongly dependent on the amount of embedded TC. On the other hand, the amount of
      embedded PEG markedly affected the release rate and release time of TC. These
      changes were reflected in a pronounced shortening of the T2 relaxation time. The
      improvement in the hydrophilic character of the EC polymer allowed better
      penetration and contact of water with the whole film matrix and enhanced the
      dissolution of TC.

PMID- 3411468
TI  - Studies of interaction phenomena in aqueous-based film coatings containing
      soluble additives using thermal analysis techniques.
AB  - Interaction phenomena, in aqueous-based hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and
      polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film-coating formulations containing water-soluble
      additives (citric acid and urea) have been examined by thermal methods to assess
      glass transition, softening, melting, plasticization, and crystallinity. The
      methods used were differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermomechanical
      analysis (TMA) in penetration and expansion modes. In addition to the established
      thermal transitions occurring in HPMC and PVA at relatively high temperatures,
      transitions were also observed between 26 and 43 degrees C using TMA. These low
      temperature transitions, unlike those occurring at the higher temperatures, were
      low energy transitions and not influenced by the type and concentration of the
      additives incorporated. The results also showed that the plasticizing activities
      of citric acid and urea were as high as those of some currently used
      plasticizers. On a weight basis, urea was superior to citric acid as a
      plasticizer for either HPMC or PVA, but when their molar contents were
      considered, the position was reversed. Also, PVA crystallinity was depressed in
      the presence of the additives.

PMID- 3411469
TI  - Physical characterization of the hydrates of urapidil.
AB  - Three hydrates of urapidil were prepared and characterized by means of
      differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, infrared
      spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, intrinsic dissolution rates, and solution
      calorimetry. The stoichiometry of the urapidil hydrates was found to be 1:5, 1:3,
      and 1:1 (urapidil:water). The crystal and molecular structures of urapidil
      pentahydrate were determined from three-dimensional X-ray data. The stability of
      the pentahydrate and monohydrate under different storage conditions was also
      determined.

PMID- 3411470
TI  - Spectrophotometric determination of cycloserine with 9-methoxyacridine.
AB  - Spectrophotometric assay for cycloserine based on the interaction of the drug
      with 9-methoxyacridine as a chromogenic agent is described. The highly colored
      substituted acridine product was identified as 9-(d-4-imino-3
      isoxazolidinone)acridine. Color development was affected by time and temperature
      of heating and by the quantity of 9-methoxyacridine reagent utilized. The
      absorbance at 438 nm is linearly proportional to concentrations of cycloserine
      with a detection limit of 0.3 microgram/mL. The optimum range for the assay of
      cycloserine was from 5.0 X 10(-6) to 3.0 X 10(-4) M (correlation coefficient =
      0.9999, n = 6). When applied to cycloserine capsules labeled to contain 250 mg,
      the proposed method gave mean recoveries of 101.84 +/- 0.48%. The procedure is
      sufficiently sensitive, precise, and accurate for the determination of
      cycloserine in its dosage form.

PMID- 3411471
TI  - Effect of some syrup constituents on the solubility of sorbic acid.
AB  - The effects of sucrose, glucose, sorbitol, and saccharin on the aqueous
      solubility of sorbic acid at 20 and 37 degrees C were determined. Sucrose,
      glucose, and sorbitol decreased the solubility of sorbic acid with increasing
      concentrations at both temperatures. Increasing the concentrations of these
      sweetening agents resulted in decreases in the dielectric constants. Calculation
      of the free energy and enthalpy changes indicated that the dissolution process
      for sorbic acid became progressively unfavorable with increasing sugar
      concentration.

PMID- 3411472
TI  - Identification of senecionine and senecionine N-oxide as antifertility
      constituents in Senecio vulgaris.
AB  - The MeOH extract of Senecio vulgaris L., administered po to rats on Days 1-10
      postcoitum, significantly decreased the number of normal fetuses per pregnant rat
      found at autopsy on Day 16. Additional experiments showed a similar activity for
      its hepatotoxic constituents senecionine and senecionine N-oxide, suggesting that
      the latter two compounds were probably responsible for the effect seen with the
      extract. No antifertility effects were seen in MeOH extract-treated hamsters.

PMID- 3411473
TI  - Preliminary in vivo studies on the platelet aggregation inhibitory activity of
      alpha, alpha'-bis[3-(N,N-diethylcarbamoyl)piperidino]-p-xylene dihydrobromide in
      beagle dogs.

PMID- 3411474
TI  - Differential effect of pentobarbital and chloralose in anesthetic doses on the
      serum protein binding of lidocaine in the dog.

PMID- 3411475
TI  - Identification of organic salts formed by interaction with cefazolin and
      aminoglycoside antibiotics.

PMID- 3411476
TI  - Vagally mediated gastric motor and emetic reflexes evoked by stimulation of the
      antral mucosa in anaesthetized ferrets.
AB  - 1. In the urethane-anaesthetized ferret chemical (NaCl, NaOH or HCl) or
      mechanical (stroking) stimulation of the gastric antral mucosa evoked a decrease
      in corpus pressure and inhibition of contractions in the presence of
      guanethidine, adrenalectomy and sectioned greater splanchnic nerves. 2. The fall
      in corpus pressure was present following administration of atropine but was
      abolished by vagotomy. 3. Preliminary evidence, using 100 mM-NaOH as the
      stimulus, is presented that the effects on corpus motility are due to
      simultaneous activation of the vagal efferents supplying the intramural non
      adrenergic non-cholinergic inhibitory neurones and inhibition of those supplying
      the intramural cholinergic neurones. 4. The possible roles of this antro-corpus
      vago-vagal reflex in the regulation of gastric emptying and in the prodromal
      phase of vomiting are discussed.

PMID- 3411477
TI  - Activation heat in rabbit cardiac muscle.
AB  - 1. Activation heat was estimated myothermically in right ventricular papillary
      muscles of rabbits using several different methods. 2. Gradual pre-shortening of
      muscles to a length (lmin) where no active force development took place upon
      stimulation led to relatively low estimates of activation heat (1.59 +/- 0.26
      2.06 +/- 0.57 mJ g-1 blotted wet weight, mean +/- S.E.M., n = 10). 3. Quick
      releases applied during the latency period, before force development, from lmax
      to various muscle lengths allowed a heat-stress relation to be established. The
      zero-stress intercept of this relation estimated the activation heat to be 3.27
      +/- 0.40 mJ g-1; this was close to the experimentally measured value of 3.46 +/-
      0.39 mJ g-1 (mean +/- S.E.M., n = 23) found by quick release from lmax to lmin.
      4. The magnitude of the activation heat measured by the quick-release technique
      is dependent upon the extracellular Ca2+ concentration and there is good
      correlation between activation heat magnitude and peak developed stress. 5. In
      agreement with expectations based on the aequorin data of Allen & Kurihara (1982)
      a prolonged period of time spent at a short length is shown to depress the
      subsequently determined activation heat. 6. Hyperosmotic solutions (2.5 x normal)
      only abolished active stress development at low stimulus rates (0.2 Hz) and the
      activation heat measured at lmax under these conditions was 2.03 +/- 0.12 mJ g-1
      (mean +/- S.E.M., n = 6). This value was significantly lower than the latency
      release estimate of activation heat in the same preparations (2.93 +/- 0.39 mJ g
      1). 7. The latency release method of estimating activation heat results in
      activation heat values that account for approximately 30% of total active energy
      flux per contraction; a fraction comparable to that found in skeletal muscle.
      Calculations based on the data suggest that, under our experimental conditions,
      total Ca2+ release per beat lies between 50 and 100 nmol g-1 wet weight which
      would produce less than half-maximal myofibrillar ATPase activity when allowance
      is made for the passive Ca2+-buffering capacity of the myocardial cell.

PMID- 3411478
TI  - Respiratory interneurones in the thoracic spinal cord of the cat.
AB  - 1. The discharges of spontaneously firing neurones, whose activity was modulated
      in phase with the central respiratory cycle, were recorded in the thoracic
      ventral horn (T3-T9) of anaesthetized, paralysed cats. 2. Out of 310 neurones,
      forty-six were positively identified as motoneurones by antidromic activation or
      spike-triggered averaging, fifty-four were positively identified as interneurones
      by antidromic activation from other spinal cord segments and ninety were
      indirectly identified as interneurones by virtue of their positions or firing
      rates as compared to the motoneurones. 3. Units were classified as inspiratory
      (64%), expiratory (25%) or post-inspiratory (7%) according to the times of their
      maximum firing rates. The remaining 4% consisted of units whose discharges were
      either strongly locked to the respiratory pump cycle or did not fit into the
      other categories. All but one of the motoneurones were classified as inspiratory
      or expiratory. 4. Inspiratory and expiratory units were further classified as
      early, late or tonic according to the starting times of their discharges in the
      respiratory cycle. The interneurones (both positively and indirectly identified)
      included more of the early and tonic categories and more fast-firing units than
      did the motoneurones in both the inspiratory and expiratory groups. 5. The
      locations of the motoneurones corresponded to the known positions of the
      intercostal and interchondral motor nuclei, including clear segregation of
      inspiratory and expiratory populations. The locations of neither the
      interneurones nor the unidentified units were segregated according to their
      firing patterns. These neurones were concentrated in the medial half of the
      ventral horn and were found generally more dorsally than the positions of the
      motoneurones, though their positions overlapped considerably with this group. 6.
      The axons of the positively identified interneurones were identified from one to
      five segments caudally and mostly contralaterally, but were not traced to their
      terminations. Some axons were located by microstimulation and found to run in the
      ventral or ventromedial white matter. Conduction velocities covered a wide range,
      8 to around 100 m/s, mean 53 m/s. 7. Preliminary calculations indicate that there
      may be almost 10 times more respiratory thoracic interneurones as respiratory
      bulbospinal neurones.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3411480
TI  - Investigation of mechanism of fade of gastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion
      in the cat.
AB  - 1. In conscious cats prepared with gastric fistulae gastric acid secretion in
      response to pentagastrin was found to reach a maximum after 45 min of
      stimulation, and to fade thereafter. Over the period 45-150 min of stimulation
      the fade was 5.4-7.8% of the maximum response per 15 min. 2. Once the response to
      pentagastrin had declined, acid secretion could not be restored by doubling the
      dose of pentagastrin, although an equisecretory dose of histamine could restore
      it. 3. Low doses of histamine were additive to the pentagastrin acid secretory
      response; they tended to prolong the peak response, but did not alter the
      subsequent fade of acid secretion. The histamine H1-receptor antagonist
      mepyramine did not affect maximal acid secretion or the fade of the pentagastrin
      response. 4. The beta-adrenoreceptor antagonist propranolol increased the
      secretory response to pentagastrin, whilst the alpha-adrenoreceptor antagonist
      phentolamine was without effect. Neither agent altered the fade of the
      pentagastrin response. Isoprenaline tended to inhibit pentagastrin-stimulated
      acid secretion and increase the rate of fade of the response. 5. The 5
      hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptor antagonist methylsergide slightly enhanced the
      acid secretory response to pentagastrin, but did not alter the fade of the
      response. A low dose of 5-HT did not alter pentagastrin-stimulated acid
      secretion, whilst a higher dose of 5-HT inhibited it. 6. Tetra-, penta- and
      pentadecagastrin demonstrated tachyphylaxis, i.e. progressively reduced responses
      upon repeated stimulation, whilst histamine did not. A low dose of histamine did
      not prevent tachyphylaxis of the pentagastrin response. 7. It is concluded that
      fade of pentagastrin-stimulated acid secretion in the conscious cat cannot be
      satisfactorily explained by the failure of the acid secretory mechanism,
      depletion of histamine, release of 5-HT, or activation of histamine H1-, alpha-
      or beta-adreno-, or 5-HT-receptors. The similar characteristics of fade and
      tachyphylaxis of gastrin-stimulated acid secretion are consistent with a common
      gastrin receptor inactivation or desensitization mechanism.

PMID- 3411479
TI  - Epithelial transport in guinea-pig proximal colon: influence of enteric neurones.
AB  - 1. The effects of electrical field stimulation and aminophylline on sodium and
      chloride transport in the guinea-pig proximal colon were examined. 2. Under basal
      conditions, both sodium and chloride were actively absorbed and the net fluxes of
      these ions accounted for the short-circuit current. 3. Basal short-circuit
      current was reduced by furosemide, unchanged by amiloride and increased by
      aminophylline. The aminophylline-evoked increase in short-circuit current
      resulted from a reduction in net sodium absorption and abolishment of chloride
      absorption without a significant effect on residual flux. 4. Electrical field
      stimulation evoked a tetrodotoxin-sensitive increase in short-circuit current and
      total tissue conductance. The stimulus-evoked response was unaltered by mucosal
      amiloride, but was reduced by serosal furosemide. Electrical stimulation of
      submucosal neurones reduced both sodium and chloride absorption without any
      effect on residual flux. 5. Atropine had no effect on the basal short-circuit
      current; however, it reduced, but did not abolish, the neurally evoked response.
      Carbachol evoked a dose-dependent increase in short-circuit current that was
      reduced by tetrodotoxin. 6. These results suggest that electrical field
      stimulation activates submucosal neurones that innervate the epithelium. Release
      of acetylcholine and other neurotransmitters leads to excitation of receptors on
      epithelial cells, and an increase in short-circuit current that reflects
      inhibition of sodium and chloride absorption.

PMID- 3411481
TI  - Two long-lasting central respiratory responses following acute hypoxia in
      glomectomized cats.
AB  - 1. Central respiratory response to acute (10 min) hypoxia, as measured by phrenic
      nerve activity, was determined in peripheral chemo-denervated cats. 2. Hypoxia
      was induced by ventilating cats for 10 min at reduced inspired oxygen levels
      (inspired O2 fraction, FI,O2 = 0.06-0.15). The degree of hypoxaemia was
      determined from an arterial blood sample and ranged from 'severe' (arterial O2
      pressure, Pa,O2 less than 26 Torr) to 'mild' (Pa,O2 greater than 35 Torr). The
      respiratory response was monitored for 1 h following return to ventilation with
      100% oxygen. 3. The results confirmed the finding of prolonged (greater than 60
      min) inhibition of respiration upon return to hyperoxic conditions following
      severe hypoxia, as reported previously (Millhorn, Eldridge, Kiley & Waldrop,
      1984). A new finding was a long-lasting (greater than 60 min) facilitation of
      respiration following exposure to less severe (Pa,O2 greater than 35 Torr)
      hypoxia. 4. Medullary extracellular fluid pH was measured in six cats. Changes in
      pH could not explain either the prolonged inhibition following severe hypoxia or
      the long-lasting facilitation observed following mild hypoxia. 5. Ablation
      studies were performed in order to determine the locations of the neuronal
      substrates for the inhibitory and facilitatory mechanisms. The results of this
      series of experiments indicate that the mesencephalon is necessary for activation
      of the inhibitory mechanism, while the facilitatory mechanism requires the
      presence of higher brain structures, notably the diencephalon. 6. Following
      removal of the diencephalon, the inhibitory response was seen following even mild
      hypoxic insults, i.e. those shown to produce facilitation in animals with intact
      brains. In the absence of the mesencephalon, neither prolonged inhibition nor
      prolonged facilitation could be produced following hypoxia. 7. It is proposed
      that there are two centrally mediated long-lasting responses to acute hypoxia.
      Facilitation is seen following mild hypoxia. Inhibition is more likely following
      severe hypoxia. However, both mechanisms appear to be triggered simultaneously
      and the output of the central respiratory controller reflects the influence of
      each.

PMID- 3411482
TI  - The transport and metabolism of naturally occurring pyrimidine nucleosides by
      isolated rat jejunum.
AB  - 1. Uridine perfused through the lumen of isolated loops of rat jejunum over a
      concentration range of 0.1-1.0 mM gave rise to higher serosal concentrations of
      uracil than the equivalent luminal concentration of uracil (P less than 0.001).
      No serosal uridine could be detected. 2. Luminal thymidine over a concentration
      range of 0.1-0.5 mM gave rise to the same serosal concentration of thymine as the
      equivalent luminal concentration of thymine (P greater than 0.1). Low
      concentrations of serosal thymidine were detected. Both luminal thymidine and
      thymine gave rise to elevated levels of serosal uracil. 3. Luminal cytidine at
      concentrations of 0.1-0.5 mM was poorly transported and yielded low serosal
      concentrations of cytidine. No serosal cytosine was detected, although elevated
      levels of uracil were found in the serosal secretions. 4. Cytosine over a luminal
      concentration range of 0.1-0.5 mM gave rise to low concentrations of cytosine in
      the serosal secretions. These results were consistent with a passive diffusion
      model for cytosine transport. No increase in serosal uracil was detected. 5. The
      cleavage of uridine and thymidine to their respective pyrimidine bases occurred
      via a cytoplasmic nucleoside phosphorylase, which had a similar Michaelis
      constant (Km), (61.0 +/- 4.4 and 97.1 +/- 5.7 microM for uridine and thymidine,
      respectively) but a maximal velocity (Vmax) for uridine cleavage (320 +/- 32 nmol
      min-1 (mg protein)-1) 13 times that for thymidine cleavage (24.7 +/- 1.4 nmol min
      1 (mg protein)-1). 6. The differences between the three pyrimidine nucleosides
      are discussed with reference to the interactions between their epithelial
      transport and metabolism.

PMID- 3411483
TI  - Shift of activity from slow to fast muscle during voluntary lengthening
      contractions of the triceps surae muscles in humans.
AB  - 1. Raw or rectified and integrated electromyograms (integrated EMGs) of the leg
      muscles were recorded during (a) isotonic ramp shortening or lengthening
      contractions consisting of foot plantar flexions against a constant load, or
      dorsal flexions accomplished by braking the load and yielding to it,
      respectively, and (b) isometric increasing or decreasing plantar torques
      accomplished by graded contractions or relaxations of the triceps muscles. 2.
      During plantar flexions or increasing torques, the EMG of soleus, gastrocnemius
      lateralis, medialis, and peroneus increased in parallel. During decreasing
      torques, motor unit derecruitment took place gradually and simultaneously. The
      tibialis anterior was silent. During dorsal flexions, one of two characteristic
      patterns was observed in different subjects: (a) soleus was abruptly derecruited
      at the beginning of the task, while gastrocnemius lateralis (or medialis)
      exhibited a large recruitment lasting throughout the lengthening contraction; (b)
      soleus remained active during the task, showing large motor unit potentials,
      while the gastrocnemius lateralis recruitment was of a lesser extent than in (a).
      Peroneus derecruitment was gradual and tibialis anterior activity was absent in
      both cases. 3. The EMG patterns observed during plantar flexions or in increasing
      and decreasing torques, and the two patterns observed during shortening or
      lengthening contractions, were closely reproduced during sinusoidal oscillations
      of the foot or in isometric contractions and relaxations. 4. When recruitment of
      the gastrocnemius lateralis was present during dorsal flexion, the slope of its
      integrated EMG envelope was steeper, the higher the velocity of lengthening
      contraction. The most rapid and the slowest tasks, however, did not require its
      activation. Gastrocnemius lateralis integrated EMGs of an amplitude similar to
      those occurring during lengthening contractions were observed only during
      ballistic plantar flexions. 5. The two patterns of triceps activation occurring
      during lengthening contraction could be traced to different mechanical
      characteristics of the soleus muscles, the gastrocnemius lateralis being
      activated preferentially in subjects with long soleus half-relaxation times, and
      the soleus in subjects with short soleus half-relaxation times. 6. The soleus and
      gastrocnemius lateralis H reflexes were tested during shortening and lengthening
      contractions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3411484
TI  - Effects of visual and non-visual mechanisms on the vestibulo-ocular reflex during
      pseudo-random head movements in man.
AB  - 1. The behaviour of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) in man was examined using
      pseudo-random and sinusoidal whole-body angular-motion stimuli applied about the
      yaw axis by a servo-controlled turn-table. 2. The VOR response was assessed in
      four conditions; during fixation on a head-fixed target (HFT); during attempted
      fixation in the dark of an imagined head-fixed (IHFT) or earth-fixed target
      (IEFT) and in darkness (DRK) whilst performing an auditory discrimination task.
      3. When the pseudo-random stimulus was composed of four sinusoids, the three
      lowest frequencies (0.11, 0.24 and 0.37 Hz) were maintained constant whilst the
      highest frequency (F4) was varied from 0.39 to 2.08 Hz. In darkness (DRK
      condition) and when imagining a head-fixed target (IHFT condition) the gain of
      slow-phase eye velocity was not significantly affected by the frequency of the
      highest-frequency component, although there were significant changes in the phase
      for the IHFT condition. 4. During fixation of a real head-fixed target (HFT
      condition), both the gain and phase of eye velocity were significantly modified
      by the frequency (F4) of the highest-frequency component. When F4 was 0.39 Hz,
      all frequency components had a low gain (mean 0.05), but as F4 was increased
      there was a significant (P less than 0.001) increase in gain for all three low
      frequency components which reached a maximum (mean 0.17) when F4 was 2.08 Hz.
      However, the gain for the highest frequency component always remained comparable
      to that obtained in response to a single discrete sinusoid of the same frequency.
      5. When the stimulus was composed of only two sinusoids a similar increase in
      gain of the lower-frequency (0.22 Hz) component was observed in the head-fixed
      target condition as the frequency of the higher-frequency component was increased
      from 0.39 to 2.78 Hz. However, VOR gain was not significantly modified by the
      frequency of the higher-frequency component when subjects imagined a head-fixed
      or earth-fixed target in darkness. 6. The findings indicate that high levels of
      VOR suppression can be achieved in the head-fixed target condition with pseudo
      random stimuli when all frequency components are below 0.4 Hz. But if the highest
      frequency component rises above 0.8 Hz, optimum suppression is confined to the
      highest-frequency component, whilst suppression of the low-frequency components
      is significantly reduced.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3411486
TI  - Cerebro-cerebellar projections from the lateral suprasylvian visual area in the
      cat.
AB  - 1. A projection from the medial bank of the lateral suprasylvian visual area, one
      of the targets of the cerebello-cerebral projection, back to the cerebellar
      cortex was demonstrated electrophysiologically in the cat. The anatomical
      pathways underlying this projection were investigated using orthograde and
      retrograde transport of wheatgerm-agglutinin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase
      (WGA-HRP). 2. Responses were recorded in the cerebellar cortex on stimulation of
      the medial bank of the lateral suprasylvian area, and were compared with those
      evoked by stimulation of the motor cortex and the crown part of the parietal
      association cortex. 3. Responses induced by stimulation of the lateral
      suprasylvian area were shown to consist of early mossy and late climbing fibre
      responses. The mossy fibre response was evoked, at a latency of 2-3 ms,
      predominantly in the lateral part of the contralateral cerebellar cortex (mainly,
      crus I, crus II, dorsal paraflocculus and paramedian lobule) and the posterior
      part of the vermis (mainly, lobules VII and VIII). Climbing fibre responses were
      elicited with the preceding mossy fibre responses and were elicited at a much
      longer latency than the motor cortex-induced climbing fibre response. 4. The
      orthograde and retrograde HRP studies suggested that the mossy fibre response is
      mediated by the pontine grey whereas the climbing fibre response is conveyed
      indirectly to the inferior olive which sends the climbing fibres to the
      cerebellar cortex. After WGA-HRP injections into both the medial bank of the
      lateral suprasylvian area and the cerebellar responsive area, orthogradely
      labelled terminals of cortico-pontine projection fibres and retrogradely labelled
      ponto-cerebellar neurones were found in the pontine grey, where distributions of
      the two kinds of labelling overlapped. On the other hand, retrograde neuronal
      labelling alone was found in the inferior olive, implying that the climbing fibre
      responses evoked from the lateral suprasylvian area were relayed via indirect
      cortico-olivary pathways.

PMID- 3411485
TI  - Waveform and amplitude characteristics of evoked responses to dendritic
      stimulation of CA1 guinea-pig pyramidal cells.
AB  - 1. Dendritic synaptic responses were evoked in CA1 hippocampal pyramidal cells
      using a microstimulation protocol which included focal excitation of proximal and
      distal apical afferents. Ensembles of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs)
      were analysed for magnitude, waveform parameters and fluctuation characteristics
      between responses. 2. The peak amplitude of the minimal detectable responses to
      dendritic stimulation ranged from 0.12 to 0.89 mV. Control experiments showed
      separation of the minimal EPSPs from extracellular field potentials and somatic
      inhibition. The EPSPs demonstrated no significant amplitude trends over ensembles
      of 150-300 responses, at a 2 Hz stimulation rate. 3. Both minimal (less than 1
      mV) and large (1-5 mV) proximal and distal evoked EPSPs were clearly different in
      terms of all waveform parameters analysed. However, the large EPSPs exhibited
      substantially less proximal-distal separation than the minimal responses. 4. The
      separation of minimal proximal and distal responses was similar to that predicted
      by earlier dendritic model simulations, after revision of the model parameter
      determining shape of the synaptic input. The proximal and distal synapses are
      separated by approximately 0.6 dendritic length constants (lambda), within an
      average apical dendritic tree of 0.9 lambda. 5. The decrease in proximal-distal
      separation with increasing EPSP size may stem from recruitment of non-laminar
      dendritic afferents and the addition of feed-forward inhibitory potentials. These
      circuitry features of the CA1 region lead to an effective electrical shortening
      of the apical dendritic tree for large EPSPs and in particular to an enhanced
      efficacy of distal synapses.

PMID- 3411487
TI  - Parameters for 3-O-methyl glucose transport in human erythrocytes and fit of
      asymmetric carrier kinetics.
AB  - 1. Equilibrium exchanges in the range of 2-40 mM-3-O-methyl glucose at 16 degrees
      C suggested that the half-saturation concentration for exchange was 22 mM and
      that the maximum velocity (Vmax) was ca. 149 mmol l-1 min-1. 2. Initial rates of
      exchange influx from 1, 2, 4 and 8 mM into 76 mM solution gave a half-saturation
      value of 3.6 mM and a Vmax of 122 mmol-1 min-1. 3. The non-transportable
      inhibitor 4,6-O-ethylidene-alpha-D-glucopyranose (ethylidene glucose) acting on
      the outside of the cells inhibited 3-O-methyl glucose exchanges at 16 degrees C
      with an inhibition constant (KI) of ca. 11 mM. 4. Sen-Widdas exit experiments
      gave the half-saturation for 3-O-methyl glucose at 16 degrees C as only ca. 2 mM
      and the KI for ethylidene glucose as ca. 4 mM. 5. Efflux inhibitions by
      ethylidene glucose are satisfactorily predicted by the asymmetric carrier
      kinetics of Regen & Tarpley (1974) when using the parameters derived from the
      exchange experiments but not with parameters from Sen-Widdas exits. 6. Uphill
      transfer by counterflow experiments and Sen-Widdas exits cannot be fitted by the
      Regen and Tarpley kinetics (using the same parameters) unless the kinetics are
      modified to provide for an extra exchange element which replaces some of the net
      exit component in the equations. 7. At present the modification to the kinetics
      is only possible in computer simulations and data handling, but with it the fit
      to experimental results is good. The nature of the modification is described and
      in the light of it a revised interpretation of the significance of the Km derived
      from Sen-Widdas exits is discussed.

PMID- 3411488
TI  - Age and the transmittance of the human crystalline lens.
AB  - 1. Conflicting data both on the transmission of the human crystalline lens in the
      ultra-violet part of the spectrum and on its variation with age necessitate a re
      examination of the subject. 2. Twenty-four excised lenses in the age range of 0
      85 years were studied with a Perkin-Elmer spectrophotometer between 327 and 700
      nm. 3. Some lenses were homogenized and the homogenates were similarly examined.
      4. A systematic increase in absorbance with age was observed both in the visible
      and the ultra-violet parts of the spectrum. 5. An exponential function describes
      the data, facilitating comparison with, and prediction of, other values. 6. The
      absorbance of homogenized material was found to be predictable from that of
      intact lenses, and does not support the notion that mechanical trauma may account
      for high values in earlier studies.

PMID- 3411489
TI  - Human diaphragmatic endurance during different maximal respiratory efforts.
AB  - 1. This study assessed human diaphragmatic endurance under two conditions: during
      maximal inspiratory efforts (with minimal elevation of abdominal pressure) and
      during maximal expulsive efforts (with minimal elevation of pleural pressure).
      Performance was compared with that of the flexors of the elbow. 2. In series of
      eighteen sustained maximal efforts begun near functional residual capacity the
      decline in trans-diaphragmatic pressure was significantly greater during the
      expulsive than the inspiratory efforts (P less than 0.01). Diaphragmatic
      endurance was greater than that of the flexors of the elbow. 3. Electromyograms
      recorded during maximal and submaximal expulsive contractions indicated that the
      relatively rapid decline in abdominal pressure during the series of expulsive
      contractions reflected fatigue of the diaphragm rather than the abdominal
      muscles. Supramaximal phrenic nerve stimulation was used to check that complete
      activation of the phrenic motoneurone pool could be achieved during series of
      maximal expulsive efforts. 4. It is concluded that the reduced endurance capacity
      of the diaphragm during expulsive efforts did not reflect peripheral failure of
      the abdominal muscles or an inability to activate the diaphragm fully during
      those maximal efforts. 5. The deterioration in diaphragmatic performance when
      abdominal pressure is elevated may be due to an impairment of muscle perfusion.

PMID- 3411490
TI  - The extent of visual recovery from early monocular or binocular visual
      deprivation in kittens.
AB  - 1. The rate and extent of recovery of vision was studied in the deprived eye of
      kittens that had been monocularly deprived from near birth for periods that
      lasted from 6 weeks to 18 months. Recovery was measured in the two situations,
      where either both eyes were open following the initial deprivation (binocular
      recovery), or else the non-deprived eye was occluded so as to force the animal to
      employ its deprived eye (reverse occlusion). 2. Measurements were made of the
      visual acuity of the deprived eye for gratings at frequent intervals during
      recovery by means of a simple behavioural technique. 3. The acuity that the
      deprived eye eventually attained declined with increasing length of deprivation
      in a manner that could be approximated by a simple exponential decay. Only
      minimal visual recovery was observed in animals deprived beyond 1 year of age;
      only two of six animals recovered sufficient vision to enable measurement of
      visual acuity. In general, animals that were reverse occluded recovered better
      vision than did those that had both eyes open during recovery. 4. The recovery of
      vision in the deprived eye of monocularly deprived kittens was compared to that
      observed following equivalent periods of two forms of binocular deprivation,
      namely dark-rearing and binocular eyelid suture. 5. The recovery from the two
      forms of binocular deprivation was quite different. Whereas the extent of
      recovery from dark-rearing was considerably greater than that observed after
      equivalent periods of monocular deprivation, the recovery of a limited sample of
      cats that were binocularly deprived by eyelid suture was worse. 6. These findings
      suggest that some plasticity remains in the visual pathways for a longer time
      than indicated by experiments that examine the physiological effects of monocular
      deprivation on various visual cortical structures.

PMID- 3411491
TI  - Limitations of facial immersion as a test of parasympathetic activity in man.
AB  - 1. The heart rate response to immersion of the face in water, as an isolated
      manoeuvre or in combination with apnoea, was studied in eight normal volunteers
      to establish the conditions under which it could be used as a standardized,
      simple, non-invasive and reproducible test of parasympathetic activity. 2. The
      following procedures were evaluated: (a) 10 s apnoea in air at different lung
      volumes; (b) facial immersion in water for 2 min at various temperatures (5, 15
      and 25 degrees C), with respiration maintained through a closed circuit; (c)
      combination of immersion and apnoea at different lung volumes. Three volunteers
      were re-evaluated after pharmacological blockade with atropine sulphate (0.04
      mg/kg body weight). 3. The results showed that: (a) apnoea in air triggered lung
      volume-dependent heart rate responses; (b) facial immersion in water induced
      transient bradycardia which was maximum between 20 and 30 s of immersion; (c)
      there was no appreciable difference in the bradycardia evoked by immersion at
      different temperatures; (d) the combination of immersion and apnoea caused
      heterogeneous heart rate responses with no potentiation of bradycardia in
      relation to each manoeuvre as performed separately; (e) atropine did not reduce
      the magnitude of bradycardia induced by immersion in two of the subjects studied.
      4. The variability of responses observed in the present study was probably due to
      the multiple receptors and afferent pathways that are simultaneously excited
      during these manoeuvres. As a consequence, the autonomic efferent response will
      depend on the unpredictable net effect of interaction of these mechanisms. This
      is a limiting factor for the standardization of this test as a simple and
      reproducible method for the assessment of parasympathetic activity. 5.
      Furthermore, the results obtained under pharmacological blockade indicate that
      the vagal efferent mechanism is not the only factor responsible for the
      bradycardia caused by facial immersion without apnoea.

PMID- 3411493
TI  - Hyperpolarizing responses to stretch in sensory neurones innervating leech body
      wall muscle.
AB  - 1. The membrane properties, morphology and physiological responses of
      peripherally located sensory neurones that innervate body wall muscle of the
      leech Hirudo medicinalis have been investigated using intracellular recording and
      dye injection techniques. 2. The peripheral neurones and their dendrites were
      visualized directly in whole mounts of the body wall by intracellular injection
      of horseradish peroxidase or Lucifer Yellow. They lie along the course of
      segmental nerves between the layers of longitudinal and oblique body wall muscle
      and within the sheath of the nerve. They have a distinctive morphology with two
      expanded, fan-shaped dendrites arranged in series separated by the cell body and
      a 300 micron long cylindrical process. Both dendrites are associated with
      longitudinal muscle of the ventral body wall but with separate bands of muscle
      fibres. The axons project into the ventral nerve cord and arborize within the
      ipsilateral half of the segmental ganglion. No processes extend across the mid
      line of the ganglion or enter the connectives to neighbouring ganglia. 3.
      'Resting' membrane potentials recorded from the peripheral cell body or from the
      axon as it entered the segmental ganglion ranged from -30 to -70 mV. The
      transmembrane potential recorded depended on the amount by which the body wall
      was stretched: the most hyperpolarized values were recorded from the most
      stretched preparations. Although the peripheral cell body can generate
      overshooting action potentials these are not actively propagated to the CNS.
      Rather, imposed voltage changes spread decrementally along the axon. Input
      resistances measured in the cell body ranged from 14 to 26 M omega. The space
      constant, estimated from the spread of hyperpolarizing current injected into the
      cell body, was 2.4 mm. 4. The response of the neurones to change in length of the
      longitudinal muscle recorded from the axon near its terminal arborization within
      the ventral nerve cord is a graded DC signal: the neurones thus relay information
      to CNS synapses in analogue form. Spiking activity recorded extracellularly in
      the anterior segmental nerve root in response to stretch of the body wall is due
      to activation of touch mechanosensory cells that innervate the skin. 5. Unlike
      stretch receptors innervating skeletal muscle in vertebrates or arthropods, the
      leech neurones respond to stretch of the body wall muscle with maintained
      hyperpolarizing potentials and to release of stretch with
      depolarization.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3411492
TI  - Effects of the vagus nerves on gastric motility and release of vasoactive
      intestinal polypeptide in the anaesthetized lamb.
AB  - 1. Effects of the vagus nerves on the activity of the reticulo-omasal orifice
      (ROO) and the abomasum and the concentration of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide
      (VIP) in gastric and intestinal venous effluent were studied in anaesthetized
      lambs. 2. Both excitatory and inhibitory effects of the vagus on the ROO and
      abomasum were demonstrated. Excitation of activity of the ROO was dominant with
      stimulation at lower frequencies (less than or equal to 20 Hz) whereas higher
      frequencies (50-70 Hz) caused inhibition. 3. Inhibition but not stimulation of
      the ROO and abomasum were obtained with vagal stimulation after administration of
      atropine (200-500 micrograms kg-1 I.V.). 4. The concentration of VIP in gastric
      venous effluent blood rose by 41 +/- 10 pmol l-1 (n = 13) within 90 s of the
      start of stimulation (10 Hz, 5 ms pulse duration, 10 V for 180 s) of a vagus
      nerve and fell within 60 s of its cessation to or near basal levels. The effects
      of vagal stimulation in changing the concentration of VIP were not altered by
      administration of atropine. 5. The concentration of VIP in the intestinal venous
      effluent increased during stimulation (10 Hz, 5 ms pulse duration, 10 V, for 180
      s) of a vagus nerve by 15 +/- 5 pmol l-1 (n = 11) and remained elevated for more
      than 10 min after the stimulus had ceased. 6. The changes in gastric motility and
      in concentration of VIP in gastric and intestinal venous blood with stimulation
      of the vagus nerves have been discussed in relation to similar alterations which
      occur in lambs during sucking of milk.

PMID- 3411494
TI  - Characteristics of ongoing and reflex discharge of single splenic and renal
      sympathetic postganglionic fibres in cats.
AB  - 1. Electrical discharge of thirty-nine single splenic and renal postganglionic
      nerve fibres was recorded in artificially respired, chloralose-anaesthetized
      cats. 2. Ongoing discharge rates, averaged over 10 s periods, did not differ
      between renal and splenic fibres. All neurones of both groups had irregular
      discharge frequencies. 3. Half of the splenic population and all renal fibres had
      cardiac-related discharge patterns. Of those tested for respiratory-related
      firing, 30% of the splenic fibres and 69% of the renal fibres exhibited this
      pattern. 4. Firing of splenic fibres was less inhibited than that of renal fibres
      by stimulation of pressoreceptors with phenylephrine-induced increases in blood
      pressure. Firing of splenic fibres also was less excited than that of renal
      fibres by unloading pressoreceptors with depressor doses of sodium nitroprusside.
      5. Chemical stimulation of splenic afferent nerves with bradykinin consistently
      elicited greater increases in splenic than renal nerve discharge by causing large
      increases in firing of all splenic fibres and smaller excitatory responses in 75%
      of the renal fibres. 6. Application of bradykinin to the intestinal serosa
      produced greater increases in renal than splenic nerve discharge by consistently
      causing increased firing of renal fibres and by causing excitation, inhibition,
      or no change in splenic fibre discharge. 7. Responses of splenic and renal fibres
      to stimulation of splenic and intestinal afferent nerves after spinal cord
      transection were similar to those responses elicited when the neuraxis was
      intact. 8. In conclusion, the differential reflex responses of splenic and renal
      neuronal populations can be due to the heterogeneity or to the intensity of
      responses within a neuronal population.

PMID- 3411495
TI  - Multi- and single-fibre mesenteric and renal sympathetic responses to chemical
      stimulation of intestinal receptors in cats.
AB  - 1. In cats anaesthetized with alpha-chloralose and artificially respired,
      stimulation of intestinal receptors with bradykinin caused greater reflex
      excitation of mesenteric than of renal efferent multifibre nerve activity and
      significant pressor responses. 2. Activity of all nerve bundles used in this
      study was inhibited by stimulation of pressoreceptors. Increases in systemic
      arterial pressure caused inhibition of activity of renal nerves which was
      significantly greater than that of mesenteric nerves. 3. Spinal transection
      caused significant decreases in tonic renal nerve activity without altering the
      ongoing discharge rate of mesenteric nerves. Stimulation of intestinal receptors
      in spinal cats still caused significant increases is discharge of mesenteric and
      renal nerves, indicating that this reflex contains a spinal component. 4.
      Recordings of activity of individual fibres within mesenteric (21) and renal (23)
      nerves provided information regarding the basis for the multifibre responses to
      stimulation of intestinal receptors. The same proportion of fibres from both
      nerves was excited, but the increase in activity of mesenteric fibres was
      significantly greater than that of renal fibres. 5. Mesenteric fibres could be
      classified into two groups, based on their sensitivity to pressoreceptor
      influences. Fibres that exhibited pressoreceptor-independent discharge had the
      greatest responses to stimulation of intestinal receptors. 6. Following spinal
      transection the majority of mesenteric fibres continued to fire, whereas most
      renal fibres became quiescent. 7. The non-uniform pattern of neuronal excitation
      to chemical stimulation of intestinal receptors was manifest after spinal
      transection, demonstrating that exclusively spinal pathways can mediate this
      differential response pattern. 8. These results support the hypothesis that
      viscero-sympathetic reflexes may be organized to cause preferential excitation of
      neural activity directed to the organ from which the reflex originates.

PMID- 3411496
TI  - Cations that alter surface potentials of lipid bilayers increase the calcium
      requirement for exocytosis in sea urchin eggs.
AB  - 1. We examined the effects of cations that bind to phospholipid bilayers on the
      calcium requirement for exocytosis in vitro. 2. Tetracaine and trifluoperazine,
      two monovalent cations that bind hydrophobically to lipid bilayers, decreased the
      zeta-potential of lipid vesicles with a phospholipid composition similar to sea
      urchin plasma membranes; the decrease in the magnitude of the negative zeta
      potential was consistent with the Gouy-Chapman-Stern theory. 3. Trifluoperazine
      and tetracaine also increased the concentration of calcium required to produce
      half-maximal exocytosis (Ca50) in isolated fragments of plasma membranes from sea
      urchin eggs. 4. The effects of trifluoperazine and tetracaine on the Ca50 of egg
      fragments can be explained quantitatively from the zeta-potential data obtained
      with phospholipid vesicles if we assume the calcium binding sites responsible for
      triggering exocytosis lie within a Debye length (less than 1 nm) of the surface
      of the plasma membranes, such that the concentration of calcium at the sites is
      affected by the surface potential of the membrane. 5. The divalent cation
      magnesium, which binds specifically to the phosphate group of lipids, affected
      Ca50 in a manner that can also be explained quantitatively from its effects on
      the zeta-potential of phospholipid vesicles. 6. The polyvalent cation neomycin,
      which adsorbs to the lipid phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate with high
      affinity, also binds co-operatively to phosphatidylinositol; its effect on Ca50
      can be explained quantitatively from its effects on the zeta-potential of
      vesicles containing the latter lipid. 7. A decrease in the ionic strength
      increases the magnitude of the surface potential of membranes; the effect of
      ionic strength on Ca50 can be explained qualitatively from its effect on the zeta
      potential of phospholipid vesicles. 8. All our results are consistent with the
      hypothesis that calcium binding sites lie within a Debye length of the plasma
      membrane; they also indicate that drugs with specific, high-affinity sites may
      affect exocytosis by a non-specific mechanism.

PMID- 3411497
TI  - Visual resolution of macaque retinal ganglion cells.
AB  - 1. The visual resolving ability of different types of macaque retinal ganglion
      cells was estimated at different retinal eccentricities, by measuring the
      amplitude of modulated responses to black-white gratings of spatial frequencies
      near the resolution limit for each cell. 2. The resolving ability of tonic,
      spectrally opponent ganglion cells was usually similar to that of phasic, non
      opponent ganglion cells at similar eccentricities, except that at eccentricities
      greater than 10 deg some tonic ganglion cells with remarkably high resolution (up
      to ca. 15 cycles/deg) were found. Our cell sample was limited within the central
      2 deg of the visual field, however. 3. Only a small proportion of phasic ganglion
      cells showed an increase of mean firing level to gratings near the resolution
      limit. The maintained firing of tonic ganglion cells was higher than that of
      phasic ganglion cells. 4. With red-black or green-black gratings, the resolution
      of phasic ganglion cells was unaffected. For red or green on-centre ganglion
      cells, a marked deterioration of resolving ability occurred when the grating was
      of a colour to which a cell responded poorly (green-black gratings for red on
      centre cells, and red-black gratings for green on-centre cells). A slight
      improvement in resolving ability occurred when the grating was of an excitatory
      colour. 5. For a sub-sample of cells, we compared resolution limit with centre
      size as determined from area-threshold curves. For both phasic and tonic ganglion
      cells, resolution limit (the period length just resolved) was about half the
      centre diameter, as is the case for cat ganglion cells. This implies that the
      centre sizes of phasic and tonic monkey ganglion cells are similar at most
      eccentricities. 6. We attempt to relate these results to primate retinal anatomy
      and visual resolution, determined behaviourally.

PMID- 3411498
TI  - Gastric electromyographic activity in the milk-fed lamb.
AB  - 1. Electromyographic (EMG) activity of the reticulum, reticulo-omasal orifice
      (ROO) and abomasum was recorded from conscious lambs. 2. In fasted lambs diphasic
      reticular EMG bursts occurred at intervals of 60 +/- 13 s. In association with
      the second phase of the reticular EMG burst there was consistently a period of
      inactivity of the EMG of the ROO of 2.4-11.0 s (5.5 +/- 2.0 s, mean +/- S.D.).
      This period of quiescence ended with the onset of a burst of EMG activity of the
      ROO of 4.1 +/- 0.8 s termed here a long burst of activity. Preceding the
      following reticular EMG burst there were further long bursts of EMG activity of
      the ROO at intervals of 11.1 +/- 1.3 s or intermixing or replacement of long
      burst activity with short bursts which were of duration 1.1 +/- 0.3 s and which
      occurred at intervals of 2.4 +/- 0.5 s. 3. When the lambs were shown milk and at
      times when they could be expected to anticipate milk being provided, a period of
      inactivity of the EMG of the ROO developed for up to 60 s. In association with
      this there was commonly an increase in the frequency of reticular EMG bursts
      which at times became monophasic. 4. With the start of sucking there was
      quiescence of the EMG of the ROO which persisted throughout periods of sucking
      for up to 90 s. Simultaneously with the disappearance of activity of the ROO
      there was a monophasic burst of the reticular EMG, which was followed by either
      quiescence or disorganized low voltage activity. Inactivity of the EMG of the ROO
      still developed when lambs sucked milk after administration (I.V.) of atropine,
      phentolamine or propranolol, but not after hexamethonium. 5. In lambs observed
      over a period 30-60 min after feeding the diphasic reticular bursts occurred
      every 85 +/- 24 s and the duration of the period of inactivity of the EMG of the
      ROO associated with each reticular burst (3.7 +/- 1.2 s) was significantly less
      (P less than 0.001) than in fasted lambs. Short bursts of EMG activity of the ROO
      occurred more frequently than in fasted lambs. 6. In fasted lambs bursts of EMG
      activity of the body of the abomasum occurred at frequencies of 6-12 min-1 and
      those of the antrum and pylorus at ca. 6 min-1 but episodes of such activity were
      intermittent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3411500
TI  - Human adaptation to repeated cold immersions.
AB  - 1. The present investigation was designed to examine human adaptation to
      intermittent severe cold exposure and to assess the effect of exercise on any
      adaptation obtained. 2. Sixteen subjects were divided into two equal groups. Each
      subject performed ten head-out immersions; two into thermoneutral water which was
      then cooled until they shivered vigorously, and eight into water at 15 degrees C
      for 40 min. During the majority of the 15 degrees C immersions, one group
      (dynamic group) exercised whilst the other (static group) rested. 3. Results
      showed that both groups responded to repeated cold immersions with a reduction in
      their initial responses to cold. The time course of these reductions varied,
      however, between responses. 4. Only the static group developed a reduced
      metabolic response to prolonged resting immersion. 5. It is concluded that
      repeated resting exposure to cold was the more effective way of producing an
      adaptation. The performance of exercise during repeated exposure to cold
      prevented the development of an adaptive reduction in the metabolic response to
      cold during a subsequent resting immersion. In addition, many of the adaptations
      obtained during repeated resting exposure were overridden or masked during a
      subsequent exercising immersion.

PMID- 3411499
TI  - Chronic intracerebroventricular morphine and lactation in rats: dependence and
      tolerance in relation to oxytocin neurones.
AB  - 1. Acutely, opioids inhibit oxytocin secretion. To study the responses of
      oxytocin neurones during chronic opioid exposure, forty-five lactating rats were
      infused continuously from a subcutaneous osmotically driven mini-pump via a
      lateral cerebral ventricle with morphine sulphate solution from day 2 post-partum
      for 5-7 days; the infusion rate was increased 2- or 2.5-fold each 40 h from 10
      micrograms/h initially up to 50 micrograms/h; controls were infused with vehicle
      (1 microliter/h, twenty-eight rats) or were untreated (eight rats). 2. Maternal
      behaviour was disrupted in 27% of the morphine-treated rats; in rats that
      remained maternal morphine did not affect body weight or water intake but
      increased rectal temperature by 0.82 +/- 0.14 degrees C (mean +/- S.E.M.) across
      the first 4 days. 3. Weight gain of the litters of maternal morphine-treated rats
      was reduced by 32% during 7 days, predominantly in the first day of treatment
      when milk transfer was also reduced. Observation of pup behaviour during suckling
      showed decreased frequency of milk ejections on only the second day of morphine
      treatment. Plasma concentration of prolactin after 6 days was similar in maternal
      morphine-treated and control rats, but reduced by 90% in non-maternal morphine
      treated rats, indicating normal control of prolactin secretion by suckling in
      morphine-treated rats. 4. Oxytocin and vasopressin contents, measured by
      radioimmunoassay, in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei and in the
      neurohypophysis were similar between fourteen maternal morphine-treated, twelve
      vehicle-treated and eight untreated lactating rats; thus exposure to morphine did
      not involve increased production and storage of oxytocin. 5. Distribution of
      [3H]morphine infused intracerebroventricularly into six virgin female rats for 6
      days was measured by scintillation counting of tissue extracts. Morphine
      concentration in the hypothalamus and neurohypophysis was 2.7 and 12.8
      micrograms/g, respectively, and in blood plasma 0.75 micrograms/g. Tolerance was
      not due to failure of morphine infusion. In addition, naloxone (5 mg/kg s.c.)
      provoked typical withdrawal reactions ('wet dog' shakes, defaecation, burrowing)
      in lactating rats infused with morphine for 5 days. 6. Pups were suckled onto
      seven maternal morphine-infused and five vehicle-infused rats anaesthetized with
      urethane for recording of intramammary and arterial blood pressures after
      treatment for 5 days. The incidence and pattern of milk ejections, and mammary
      gland sensitivity to oxytocin were similar in the two groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3411501
TI  - Sodium and water reabsorption in the proximal and distal nephron in conscious
      pregnant rats and third trimester women.
AB  - 1. Sodium and water reabsorption were determined in virgin controls and rats at 9
      and 20 days of pregnancy during a water diuresis induced and maintained by
      infusion of 2.5% dextrose and in normally hydrated women during the third
      trimester and again 2-3 months after delivery. 2. Reabsorption from the proximal
      tubules and distal nephron segments was assessed using the clearance of lithium
      as a marker of the sodium and water delivery from the proximal tubules to the
      loops of Henle. 3. Glomerular filtration rate and whole-kidney reabsorption of
      sodium and water were significantly increased at both stages of pregnancy in rats
      and late in pregnancy in women when compared to the respective non-pregnant
      control. Fractional reabsorption was unaltered in pregnant rats but increased in
      pregnant women. 4. Proximal tubule sodium and water reabsorption were increased
      in pregnant rats and women; fractional reabsorption was unaltered. 5. Absolute
      reabsorption of sodium and water in distal nephron segments were increased during
      pregnancy in both rats and women. Although increases in fractional reabsorption
      were detected in pregnant women, this was not the case at either stage of
      gestation in rats.

PMID- 3411502
TI  - The formation of topographical maps in developing rat gastrocnemius muscle during
      synapse elimination.
AB  - 1. The rat lateral gastrocnemius muscle (LG) is a complex of four muscle
      compartments, each defined in terms of its unique innervation by a single primary
      nerve branch of the muscle nerve. A study has been made of the topographical
      distribution of motor units in the medial compartment of the LG (LGM) both before
      and after the loss of polyneuronal innervation that accompanies development. 2.
      Glycogen depletion methods showed that the distribution of single motor units
      depended on the rostro-caudal origins of their axons in the spinal cord: rostral
      axons possessed motor units almost exclusively confined to the medial half of the
      LGM; intermediate axons possessed motor units primarily in the intermediate and
      lateral part of the LGM; caudal axons possessed motor units that were not
      restricted to any particular part of the LGM. 3. Myosin ATPase staining showed
      that about 80% of the LGM consists of type II A fibres, whilst the remainder are
      type II B. Physiological determination of the contractile properties of motor
      units indicated two classes of units: those that were relatively fatigue
      resistant and did not show a sag property (like fast-twitch, fatigue-resistant
      fibres or FR) and those that were relatively fatigable and did show a sag
      property (like fast-twitch, fatigable fibres or FF). 4. Glycogen depletion was
      also used to determine the distribution of motor units in the LGM at 7 days post
      natal, when most fibres still receive a polyneuronal innervation. The LGM primary
      nerve branch innervated a confined sub-volume of muscle fibres which is similar
      to the mature pattern. However, rostral axons possessed motor units that extended
      into the lateral half of the LGM, a position from which they are excluded in the
      adult. 5. These observations suggest that the axons of rostral and intermediate
      units form a topographical map within adult FR motor units (type II A fibres) in
      the LGM. The results suggest that competition between axon terminals for synaptic
      sites plays a role in the elimination of inappropriately positioned terminals and
      subsequent emergence of the topographical map.

PMID- 3411504
TI  - Coupling of active sodium transport to oxidative metabolism in the rabbit distal
      colon.
AB  - 1. Active transepithelial Na+ transport (Ji) and O2 consumption (Jr) were
      measured simultaneously in rabbit distal colon, under standard (control)
      incubation conditions and after various manoeuvres, known to inhibit Na+
      transport. 2. The determination of Jr was complicated by the presence of
      fluctuations of the PO2 in the incubation solution and by spontaneous variations
      of the tissue respiration, which usually declined slowly with time. 3. The
      control values of Ji and Jr after 2 h incubation were 55 +/- 4 nequiv min-1 cm-2
      and 16 +/- 1 nmol O2 min-1 cm-2, respectively (n = 44). The electrical resistance
      was 386 +/- 23 omega cm2; it was stable over 6 h. 4. Ji was reduced to a very low
      level with either amiloride, ouabain or Na+ substitution with choline. In all
      instances, Jr decreased concomitantly by 15-30%. 5. A plot of the change in Jr
      versus the change in Ji gave a straight line for all situations, i.e. for the
      spontaneous decline of Na+ transport and respiration and for the effects of the
      inhibitors. 6. The linearity between Jr and Ji allows for the determination of a
      stoichiometric ratio. It is of similar magnitude, when calculated either with the
      data of spontaneous variations or with those obtained by the action of any
      inhibitor tested. It is 15-20 Na+ ions per O2 molecule, a value close to that
      reported previously for amphibian epithelia and also close to the maximum
      theoretical value of 18 Na+ ions per O2 molecule.

PMID- 3411503
TI  - Cutaneous excitatory and inhibitory input to neurones of the postsynaptic dorsal
      column system in the cat.
AB  - 1. In chloralose-anaesthetized cats single-unit microelectrode recordings were
      made from axons in the dorsal columns, at the lumbar level, identified as
      belonging to the postsynaptic dorsal column (PSDC) system. 2. Excitatory and
      inhibitory receptive field arrangements of a sample of seventy-five PSDC neurones
      were examined in detail using natural cutaneous stimuli. 3. The sample was
      characterized by a high degree of convergent input: 80% of units were activated
      by both light tactile and noxious mechanical stimuli and more than half of those
      examined were excited by noxious radiant heat. In addition, three-quarters of the
      units had inhibitory receptive fields on the ipsilateral limb. 4. Twenty-three
      units (27%) were influenced by input from areas of both hairy and glabrous skin
      covering the foot and distal limb. Neurones in this group had complex receptive
      fields, many of which occupied several discontinuous areas of skin. Background
      and evoked activity of these units could frequently be inhibited by light tactile
      and/or noxious stimuli. Their inhibitory receptive fields occupied small areas of
      skin overlapping or adjacent to excitatory fields. 5. Fifty-two units (73%) had
      receptive fields restricted to areas of hairy skin on the thigh and upper
      hindlimb. Half the units in this group had coextensive low- and high-threshold
      excitatory areas but about one-third had a concentric receptive field
      organization; a high-threshold excitatory component extending beyond, or around,
      a central low-threshold area. The discharge of these units could be inhibited
      only by light tactile stimuli. Their inhibitory receptive fields covered
      extensive areas of skin, sometimes completely surrounding the excitatory field.
      6. The complex receptive field arrangements observed for neurones of the
      postsynaptic dorsal column system are discussed in relation to previous
      observations on dorsal horn neurones of other ascending tracts.

PMID- 3411506
TI  - The effects of metabolic acidosis on renal function of fetal sheep.
AB  - 1. The effects of I.V. infusions of 6.7-19.3 mmol hydrochloric acid/kg on fetal
      renal function were studied in fourteen chronically catheterized fetal sheep aged
      121-143 days. Infusion of acid caused arterial pH and plasma bicarbonate levels
      to fall (P less than 0.0005, P less than 0.001). These remained low for the next
      3 h. Plasma chloride levels increased (P less than 0.0005). There were no other
      changes in plasma electrolytes nor in plasma osmolality. 2. Fetal glomerular
      filtration rate did not change; the fractional reabsorptions of sodium, chloride
      and phosphate all decreased (P less than 0.005). Initially urine volume did not
      change but urinary osmolality increased (P less than 0.0005). Fetal urinary pH
      fell abruptly, titratable acid excretion increased, urinary ammonium excretion
      increased (P less than 0.0005) but urinary bicarbonate excretion remained
      unchanged. Thus, net acid excretion increased significantly (P less than 0.0005).
      3. Twenty-six hours after infusion of acid, fetal arterial pH, bicarbonate
      levels, urinary pH, titratable acid and ammonium excretion were no different from
      control. Net acid excretion was still increased (P less than 0.05), urine flow
      rate was less (P less than 0.01) and urinary osmolality still increased (P less
      than 0.05). 4. There were no differences in arterial blood gases nor in pH of
      four fetuses which died during or shortly after infusion of acid. However, prior
      to acid infusion they were already excreting significantly greater amounts of
      phosphate (P less than 0.01), ammonium and titratable acid (P less than 0.02).
      Thus the fetal kidney responds to a metabolic acidosis by excreting more acid and
      by generating more bicarbonate, but this response is limited.

PMID- 3411505
TI  - Somatosensory projections to the superior colliculus of the anaesthetized cat.
AB  - 1. Experiments in anaesthetized cats have shown that the superior colliculus
      receives deep afferent input from the forelimb and hindlimb, but not from the
      large superficial neck muscles. 2. Neuronal activity in the superior colliculus
      is readily elicited by electrical stimulation of C2 and C3 cutaneous nerves. A
      significant proportion of neurones so activated have multiple receptive fields
      and some with no identifiable receptive fields in regions innervated by C2 and C3
      nerves have receptive fields elsewhere on the body surface. Many collicular
      neurones activated by C2 and C3 stimulation had no identifiable receptive fields.
      3. Natural stimuli to the limbs, hitherto believed to activate only cutaneous
      receptors, are sufficient to activate deep receptors which contribute to the
      neuronal responses in the superior colliculus elicited by the natural stimulus.
      These same natural stimuli set up transmitted vibration adequate to excite
      receptors some distance from the applied stimulus. 4. No evidence was found for a
      rigorous somatotopy in the superior colliculus. The great majority of neurones
      received trigeminal input which is widely distributed throughout the superior
      colliculus. 5. Tactile stimuli to the face are most effective in eliciting unit
      activity in the superior colliculus and many neurones activated by these stimuli
      were shown to be tectospinal neurones. In particular, the specialized receptors
      of the face, including the glabrous skin of the snout (the planum nasale) and the
      vibrissae, are major sources of input to collicular neurones including
      tectospinal neurones. 6. It is suggested that a major role of the superior
      colliculus is in the organization of head movements associated with the use of
      the specialized receptor organs of the face in exploratory behaviours. The
      superior colliculus may also be involved in the organization of aversion
      movements of the head.

PMID- 3411507
TI  - The responsiveness of neurones in the frontal opercular gustatory cortex of the
      macaque monkey is independent of hunger.
AB  - 1. In order to determine whether the responsiveness of neurones in the primary
      gustatory cortex is influenced by hunger, the activity of neurones in the
      gustatory cortex in the frontal operculum was recorded while macaque monkeys
      (Macaca fascicularis) were fed to satiety. The responses of single neurones in
      the gustatory cortex to the prototypical taste stimuli glucose, NaCl, HCl and
      quinine hydrochloride, and to fruit juice, were measured before, while, and after
      the monkey was fed to satiety with glucose or fruit juice. 2. While behaviour
      turned from avid acceptance to active rejection upon repletion, the
      responsiveness of the neurones to the stimulus array, including the satiating
      solution, was unmodified. 3. It is concluded that in the gustatory cortex in the
      frontal operculum, neuronal responses to gustatory stimuli are not influenced by
      the normal transition from hunger to satiety. This is in contrast to the
      responses of a population of neurones recorded in the hypothalamus, which only
      occur to the taste of food when the monkey is hungry. Thus the neurones in the
      primary gustatory cortex are involved in a motivation-independent analysis of
      gustatory stimuli, whereas the hypothalamic neurones may be more closely related
      to the influence of motivational state on behavioural responsiveness to gustatory
      stimuli.

PMID- 3411508
TI  - Changes in perceived heaviness and motor commands produced by cutaneous reflexes
      in man.
AB  - 1. This study examined the relationship between the perceived heaviness of a
      weight and reflexes acting on the motoneurones required for the contraction. The
      perceived heaviness of low (100 g) and high (500 g) reference weights lifted by
      the first dorsal interosseous muscle was estimated using a matching task. Weights
      were also lifted during stimulation of the digital nerves of the index finger at
      two times and four times sensory threshold (T). Averages of force and EMG were
      also made when isometric forces of 100 and 500 g were maintained. 2. Stimuli at
      4T produced a significant increase in perceived heaviness in each subject for
      both reference weights. Averages of EMG made under isometric conditions showed a
      short-latency inhibition with a reflex reduction in force following single
      stimuli. This inhibition was also observed during weight lifting when trains of
      stimuli were given. 3. Stimuli at 2T produced less-marked changes in EMG,
      averaged force, and perceived heaviness for individual subjects. However, for the
      group of subjects, perceived heaviness declined significantly with 2T stimuli for
      the 500 g but not the 100 g weight. This decrease in perceived heaviness was
      associated with evidence of short-latency facilitation within the motoneurone
      pool. 4. Inhibition of the motoneurone pool was associated with an increase and
      facilitation with a decrease in perceived heaviness. These observations favour a
      role for a signal of centrally generated motor command in the sensation of
      heaviness and provide insight as to how this signal must change when reflex
      inputs change and when high-threshold motoneurones are recruited.

PMID- 3411509
TI  - Mechanism of depolarization in the ischaemic dog heart: discrepancy between T-Q
      potentials and potassium accumulation.
AB  - 1. To study the origin of ischaemic myocardial depolarization, the diastolic
      surface potential - T-Q depression-was correlated with subepicardial
      extracellular K+ accumulation during serial episodes of widespread ischaemia in
      open-chest dogs, and in isolated, blood-perfused canine hearts. Placement of the
      reference electrode on a small island of non-ischaemic myocardium simplified the
      interpretation of the T-Q potentials. 2. In some experiments, changes in resting
      potential in the ischaemic zone were recorded using a 'contact' monophasic action
      potential (MAP) electrode. The change in MAP resting potential was linearly
      related to T-Q depression for a wide range of experimental conditions (R greater
      than 0.98). T-Q depression is therefore a linear index of depolarization in
      superficial myocardial cells. 3. The validity of T-Q depression as a 'measure' of
      local cellular depolarization was further tested by infiltration of isotonic KCl
      into the superficial myocardium subjacent to the ischaemic zone electrode.
      Resulting T-Q depression was 2- to 3-fold larger than the maximum values obtained
      in ischaemia; and the ratio of T-Q depression to the amplitude of the
      accompanying monophasic potential was consistent with the assumption that KCl had
      fully depolarized the underlying myocardium (delta Vm = 89 mV). KCl prevented
      (i.e. occluded) further changes in the T-Q potential during ischaemia. KCl did
      not have these effects if it was introduced at sites more remote from the
      electrode (greater than 4 mm). 4. Ischaemic T-Q depression was drastically
      accelerated by increasing the heart rate from 90 to 180 beats/min and was further
      accelerated by arterial infusion of CaCl2. These effects were most striking
      during the first minute of ischaemia. 5. In contrast, the above manoeuvres
      produced little acceleration of subepicardial K+ accumulation. After CaCl2
      infusion, large ischaemic potentials, severe conduction impairment, and
      arrhythmias could be observed when K+ activity was almost normal (aK = 4.0-4.5
      mM). 6. T-Q depression was larger in vivo than in isolated hearts, both
      absolutely and relative to K+ accumulation. 7. Based on the reproducible
      amplitude of ischaemic epicardial potential-estimates of cellular depolarization
      (delta Vm) could be obtained, which were compared with the concurrent change in
      K+ electrode potential (delta EK) for each experimental condition. 8. Estimated
      depolarization was nearly identical to delta EK in isolated hearts under basal
      conditions. However, depolarization significantly exceeded delta EK during rapid
      pacing, CaCl2 infusion, or during paced occlusions performed in vivo.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3411510
TI  - Dynamic characteristics of optokinetically controlled eye movements following
      inferior olive lesions in the brown rat.
AB  - 1. The inferior olive was destroyed by the drug 3-acetylpyridine in brown rats.
      Spontaneous and optokinetic eye movements in response to constant-velocity
      rotation (5-80 deg/s) or sinusoidal oscillations (0.05 and 0.1 Hz with 15 deg/s
      peak velocity and 0.3, 0.5, 1.0 and 2 Hz with 5 deg/s peak velocity) of the
      visual surround were recorded 4-6 days, 40-50 days and 3-4 months after the
      lesion using the magnetic search coil technique. 2. Persistent oculomotor
      deficits were observed in rats with a lesion of more than 97% of inferior olive
      neurones. In cases with a less complete lesion, no or only transient deficits
      were observed. In these latter cases the bulk of surviving neurones was located
      in the caudal half of the inferior olive, which includes the dorsal cap of Kooy.
      3. Eye position holding after saccadic gaze shifts in the light was strongly
      deficient, showing pronounced postsaccadic centripetal drift for several hundred
      milliseconds. Similar deficits were observed in slow-phase components following
      quick phases of optokinetic nystagmus. In the dark, eye position holding was also
      deficient. 4. Closed-loop gains of optokinetic step responses obtained from rats
      with inferior olive lesions could be as good as those obtained from control
      animals. There was, however, a trend towards smaller gain values over the range
      of stimulus velocities tested. The duration of optokinetic after-nystagmus was
      not changed. 5. The initial fast rise of slow-phase velocity of optokinetic step
      responses was reduced by about 30-50%, showing no recovery in the follow-up
      experiments up to 3-4 months after the lesion. 6. Optokinetic responses to
      sinusoidal oscillations of the visual surround exhibited an increasing drop in
      gain for frequencies between 0.1 to 0.5 Hz. In the range of 0.5-2.0 Hz gain was
      only about 0.2 compared to 0.7-0.8 in control animals. Phase lag of sinusoidal
      responses was shifted to larger values by about 25-35 deg for frequencies
      increasing from 0.1 to 0.5 Hz. At 1.0 Hz phase shift was reduced to about 15 deg
      and at 2.0 Hz no significant change in phase was observed. Both gain and phase of
      sinusoidal responses showed some recovery when tested 3-4 months after inferior
      olive lesion. 7. The results suggest that inferior olive lesions impair velocity
      to-position integration, mainly as a consequence of the missing climbing fibre
      input to the cerebellar flocculi.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3411511
TI  - Origin of the specific H reflex facilitation preceding a voluntary movement in
      man.
AB  - 1. In a reaction time situation, the monosynaptic spinal reflex (H reflex) is
      facilitated before the onset of an electromyographic (EMG) response. The aim of
      the present investigation was to test if the facilitation can be attributed
      either to a subliminal depolarization of motoneurones or to an increase of the
      excitatory effect of the afferent volley reaching the motoneurones. 2. At the
      onset of an acoustic warning signal, human subjects were required to concentrate
      on a reaction time task and, in addition, to initiate a steady isometric plantar
      flexion of medium intensity in both feet. In response to a following visual
      stimulus, they carried out a ballistic plantar flexion randomly with the right or
      left foot. At different times after the visual reaction signal, H reflexes were
      elicited bilaterally. 3. The facilitation of the H reflex was similar in the
      presence and absence of a steady activation. In addition, the facilitations were
      similar in absolute amplitude and duration when the stimuli evoking the H
      reflexes were at threshold intensities, or at an intensity which produced control
      H reflexes of 60% maximum amplitude. 4. In a second series of experiments, no H
      reflexes were elicited but the strength of the steady plantar flexion was varied.
      Premotor time, i.e. the interval between the onset of the visual stimulus and the
      EMG response, and reaction time, i.e. the interval between the onset of the
      visual stimulus and the mechanical response, were computed. Neither parameter
      depended significantly on the intensity of steady flexion and they were the same
      with steady flexion as without. 5. The rectified EMG records and the torque
      records were aligned by the end of premotor time. Three-dimensional displays of
      average activity as a function of time and steady activation level were computed.
      No activation before premotor and reaction time was detected which could have
      been related to the H reflex facilitation. 6. The present results suggest that
      all motoneurones, in particular those being activated during the voluntary
      contraction, can contribute to the H reflex facilitation before movement onset
      and that the basis of this facilitation is an enhanced excitatory effect of the
      afferent volley elicited by the H reflex stimulus. Mechanisms leading to the
      facilitation could be removal of presynaptic inhibition at I a terminals or
      facilitation of interneurones intercalated in polysynaptic components of the
      reflex pathways.

PMID- 3411512
TI  - Submandibular responses to stimulation of the sympathetic innervation following
      parasympathetic denervation in cats.
AB  - 1. The effects of continuous stimulation of the ascending cervical sympathetic
      nerve were compared with those of intermittent stimulation in bursts, so arranged
      as to deliver the same total number of impulses, in cats under chloralose
      anaesthesia 3 weeks after excision of the chorda tympani. 2. Parasympathetic
      denervation of the gland in this way enhanced the vasodilator component of the
      vascular response during sympathetic stimulation in bursts. During continuous
      stimulation this was manifested as a reduced rise in submandibular vascular
      resistance (SVR). It also produced a profound increase in the secretory response
      to sympathetic stimulation at low intensity (2 Hz continuously). 3. Enhancement
      of the salivary secretory responses by stimulating intermittently at relatively
      high frequencies resembled that which developed following parasympathetic
      denervation in that there was no change in the secretory capacity during maximal
      or supramaximal stimulation. 4. Pre-treatment with atropine substantially reduced
      the flow of saliva in response to sympathetic stimulation at low frequencies (2
      and 5 Hz continuously) and combined pre-treatment with atropine and propranolol
      effectively reversed the increase in secretory sensitivity due to parasympathetic
      denervation indicating that beta-adrenergic and muscarinic responses are
      involved. Additional pre-treatment with dihydroergotamine effectively abolished
      the secretory response to sympathetic stimulation. 5. Stimulation in bursts was
      found to have a significantly greater vasodilator effect than continuous
      stimulation at the corresponding frequency after parasympathetic denervation. 6.
      Neither pre-treatment with atropine nor combined pre-treatment with atropine and
      propranolol had any significant effect on the changes in mean SVR at any
      frequency tested during or after either pattern of stimulation. Additional
      pretreatment with dihydroergotamine effectively abolished the vascular responses
      to sympathetic stimulation both continuous (5 Hz) and in bursts (50 Hz), leaving
      a small vasoconstrictor response that may be due to release of neuropeptide Y
      (NPY). 7. These results suggest that cholinergic beta-adrenergic and NPY
      supersensitivities are not involved in the submandibular vascular changes that
      result from parasympathetic denervation, but that alpha-mediated secondary
      vasodilator mechanisms are thereby enhanced.

PMID- 3411513
TI  - Effects of varying patterns of external compression on lymph flow in the hindlimb
      of the anaesthetized sheep.
AB  - 1. Lymphatics draining the region distal to the fetlock were cannulated in
      anaesthetized sheep. A pneumatic cuff was used to intermittently compress the
      drainage area. 2. Intermittent inflation of the cuff accelerated lymph flow. This
      effect increased dramatically as the frequency of inflation was increased. 3.
      With a constant inflation time, increasing the time between inflations increased
      the additional volume of lymph expelled per external compression threefold over
      the range of 0.5-8 s. Longer intervals produced little further change. 4. There
      was no significant difference between the effects on lymph volume per compression
      of intermittent cuff inflations lasting from 1 to 18 s with a constant time
      between inflations. 5. A cuff pressure of 20 mmHg produced a significant rise in
      lymph flow. Increasing the pressure applied during cuff inflation increased the
      effect up to the maximum pressure used (320 mmHg). 6. These studies demonstrate
      that the promotion of lymph formation by tissue compression is related to the
      number of compressions applied and the period of time between them. Increasing
      the pressure exaggerates the effect but increasing the length of each compression
      does not. This suggests that compression empties the terminal lymphatics
      centripetally. These vessels refill after compression is released and in our
      preparation this is complete in about 8 s.

PMID- 3411514
TI  - Excretion of para-aminohippurate in the isolated perfused rat kidney: net
      secretion and net reabsorption.
AB  - 1. The excretion of para-aminohippurate (PAH) in the isolated perfused rat kidney
      was examined over a wide range of perfusate PAH concentrations (15 microM to 6
      mM). PAH excretion increased steadily over the range of perfusate concentrations,
      reaching a maximal excretion rate of 3.28 mumol/min at a free-PAH concentration
      of 6 mM. 2. Tubular transport of PAH was evaluated from the difference between
      ultrafiltered PAH and excreted PAH. Net PAH secretion was observed at low
      perfusate free PAH concentrations. Net PAH transport was zero at a perfusate free
      PAH concentration of 2.1 mM. Above this level there was progressive net
      reabsorption. 3. Probenecid (2.5 mM) decreased PAH secretion to 18% of the
      initial value at 129 microM-free PAH (P less than 0.05). Probenecid had no effect
      on net reabsorption of PAH at high perfusate levels of the anion. 4. Alanine (5
      mM) decreased net PAH secretion by 50% at low free PAH concentrations (P less
      than 0.05) and decreased net PAH reabsorption by 50% at at a free PAH
      concentration of 6 mM (P less than 0.05). These effects could not be related to
      effects of PAH, probenecid or alanine on glomerular filtration rate (GFR),
      vascular resistance or electrolyte excretion. 5. The results confirm the
      existence and integrity of the proximal tubular organic anion secretory system in
      the isolated kidney. In addition, net PAH reabsorption occurs at high perfusate
      levels.

PMID- 3411515
TI  - Relaxation and hyperpolarization of the smooth muscle of the rat tail artery
      following electrical stimulation.
AB  - 1. The smooth muscle of the rat tail artery was made to constrict with
      noradrenaline or 5-hydroxytryptamine. Electrical stimulation of the contracted
      artery caused a transient hyperpolarization and relaxation. 2. The
      hyperpolarization and relaxation could be recorded from denervated arteries,
      showing that these responses were independent of the perivascular nerves. 3.
      Removal of the vascular endothelium caused only a small reduction in the
      relaxation. 4. Raising the external K+ concentration to 20 mM abolished or
      greatly reduced the relaxation, and caused some reduction of the
      hyperpolarization. 5. 1 mM-tetraethylammonium chloride abolished both the
      hyperpolarization and the relaxation. 6. From the membrane potential-contraction
      relationship for this artery it appeared that the hyperpolarization could account
      for some but not all of the relaxation.

PMID- 3411517
TI  - Regulation of intraganglionic synapses among rabbit parasympathetic neurones.
AB  - 1. The response of parasympathetic neurones to the removal of preganglionic
      innervation was studied in the ciliary ganglia of adult rabbits. After section of
      the preganglionic oculomotor nerve, individual ciliary neurones were
      characterized electrophysiologically by intracellular recording, and
      morphologically by intracellular injection of horseradish peroxidase. 2. Within
      the first 24-48 h after nerve section, only two of fifty-nine neurones responded
      to antidromic stimulation of the postganglionic ciliary nerve with synaptic
      potentials. This result indicates that synaptic connections between principal
      neurones are rare in normal ganglia. 3. One week after denervation, however,
      excitatory postsynaptic potentials were recorded in thirty-nine out of fifty
      three cells examined. Thus there is a rapid and extensive formation of
      intraganglionic connections after denervation. Morphological analysis of these
      ganglion cells showed numerous fine processes arising from the cell bodies and
      dendrites; such neurites were not present among control neurones. Many of these
      newly formed processes appeared to form synapses on neighbouring cells. 4. A
      similar proportion of neurones (about two-thirds of the cells) showed
      antidromically evoked excitatory postsynaptic potentials 2 weeks after
      denervation. Dendrites were still longer and more complex than controls at this
      time. After several months the morphology and prevalence of intraganglionic
      connections returned to normal as the ganglion became reinnervated. 5. Thus,
      denervation of rabbit ciliary ganglion cells induces the rapid formation of large
      numbers of functional synaptic connections among ganglion cells. It is postulated
      that local regulatory factors govern connections between parasympathetic ganglion
      cells. After denervation, these trophic signals are no longer modulated by
      presynaptic axons and they exert a stimulus for sprouting and synapse formation
      among this population of cholinergic neurones.

PMID- 3411518
TI  - Modification of renal and tissue cation transport by cholecystokinin octapeptide
      in the rabbit.
AB  - 1. Reports that gastric sodium loads cause a greater natriuresis than those
      administered intravenously, suggest that a gastric or portal sodium monitor
      exists which releases a humoral natriuretic factor. To determine whether
      cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) had direct renal natriuretic effects (and was
      therefore a candidate for this gut-derived natriuretic factor) we compared the
      natriuretic response to CCK-8 infused intravenously with that infused directly
      into the renal artery of six conscious male rabbits. 2. CCK-8 produced a
      significant log dose-dependent decrease in the fractional excretions of calcium
      (P less than 0.05) and magnesium (P less than 0.005) and a log dose-dependent
      increase in fractional sodium excretion (P less than 0.025). The significant
      decreases in the fractional excretions of calcium and magnesium were accompanied
      by log dose-dependent falls in their plasma levels (calcium, P less than 0.05,
      and magnesium, P less than 0.005), indicating movement of calcium and magnesium
      to extravascular sites. Studies of tissue calcium and magnesium levels in
      response to CCK-8 infusion showed that calcium accumulated in kidney and skeletal
      muscle. 3. We conclude that CCK-8 has direct renal natriuretic effects at the
      tubular level and could be the gut-derived natriuretic factor. In addition to its
      effects on sodium excretion, CCK-8 causes renal retention and increased gut
      absorption of calcium and magnesium with movement of these ions to extravascular
      sites.

PMID- 3411516
TI  - Nutrient uptake by rat enterocytes during diabetes mellitus; evidence for an
      increased sodium electrochemical gradient.
AB  - 1. The effect of streptozotocin-induced diabetes (7 day duration) in rats on D
      glucose uptake in vivo, the unidirectional uptake of D-glucose and L-proline in
      vitro, the passive uptake of L-glucose in vitro and the potential difference
      across the brush-border membrane has been studied. 2. Diabetes resulted in an
      increased carrier-mediated glucose uptake both in vivo and in vitro and a
      stimulation of L-proline uptake at a concentration of the amino acid (0.025 mM)
      at which uptake was largely Na+ dependent. Diabetes was without effect on uptake
      using a proline concentration of 50 mM at which transport was predominantly Na+
      independent. 3. A marked hyperpolarization of the brush-border membrane and an
      enhanced passive glucose uptake were also evident during diabetes. 4. We conclude
      that the stimulation of glucose uptake in vivo in diabetic intestine involves
      events at the brush-border membrane. The mechanisms include an increased surface
      area for uptake and an enhanced transmembrane electrical gradient. The latter
      will have a major effect on the transport of other substrates when the uptake
      pathway is primarily Na+ dependent.

PMID- 3411519
TI  - Effects of tetraethylammonium ions on frequency-dependent vasopressin release
      from the rat neurohypophysis.
AB  - 1. Isolated rat neurohypophyses were fixed by their stalks to a platinum wire
      electrode and superfused with oxygenated Krebs-HEPES solution. Vasopressin
      release into the medium was determined by radioimmunoassay. Vasopressin secretion
      was increased by electrical stimulation at different frequencies (3-30 Hz) and
      different train lengths (75-900 pulses). The effects of tetraethylammonium (TEA)
      ions and of enhanced calcium were tested. 2. Electrical stimulation at 7.5 or 15
      Hz evoked a markedly larger release of vasopressin than stimulation at 3 Hz.
      During continuous stimulation at 7.5 and 15 Hz the evoked vasopressin release per
      pulse declined rapidly, but with similar time constants for both frequencies
      indicating that the fatigue of the release process was strongly time dependent.
      The kinetic analysis showed also that the initial release per pulse was identical
      for 7.5 and 15 Hz stimulation. Nevertheless, with increasing duration,
      stimulation at 7.5 Hz became less efficient (in terms of release per total
      stimulus) than stimulation at 15 Hz and this was due to the time-dependent
      fatigue. 3. TEA (10 mM) increased the release of vasopressin evoked by 3 Hz
      stimulation much more than that evoked by 15 Hz stimulation resulting in an
      equieffective activation of release by both stimuli. On the other hand, elevation
      of the extracellular calcium from 1.2 to 3 mM did not alter the different
      efficiency of stimuli of 3 and 15 Hz. In the presence of TEA the time-dependent
      fatigue of the release during continuous stimulation was prevented, but an
      additional, slower component of the fatigue became apparent which was release or
      impulse dependent. 4. As prolongation of the action potential by TEA facilitates
      preferentially the hormone release evoked by low (ineffective) frequencies, it is
      suggested that a frequency-dependent broadening of action potentials which
      reportedly occurs on neurosecretory neurones may play an important role in the
      frequency-dependent facilitation of hormone release from the rat neurohypophysis.

PMID- 3411520
TI  - Human muscle fatigue: frequency dependence of excitation and force generation.
AB  - 1. Human adductor pollicis was fatigued using intermittent trains of programmed
      stimulation at 1, 10, 20, 50, 100 and 1 Hz, during activity with and without
      circulatory occlusion, to investigate the relationships between force generation,
      excitation and maximal relaxation rate (MRR). 2. The relationship between force
      generation and excitation was markedly dependent on stimulation frequency. Force
      loss was greatest at low frequencies, with little reduction in excitation, but as
      frequency increased force was well maintained despite marked loss of excitation.
      3. Changes in MRR during activity and recovery were independent of stimulation
      frequency. 4. Marked increases of force at 1 Hz (pre-tetanic) and 10 Hz occurred,
      with little reduction in excitation, during activity with and without circulatory
      occlusion. This may be due to post-tetanic potentiation in addition to slowing of
      relaxation (MRR). 5. At high frequency a 'safety factor' may thus operate to
      maintain force, despite obvious loss of excitation, while at low frequencies
      there may be marked potentiation of force, despite unchanged excitation. These
      mechanisms could permit resistance to fatigue with muscle function remaining
      optimal over a range of conditions.

PMID- 3411521
TI  - Information processed by dorsal horn spinocerebellar tract neurones in the cat.
AB  - 1. A group of spinocerebellar tract neurones located in the dorsal horn of the
      mid-lumbar segments of the spinal cord but outside of Clarke's column have been
      investigated by intracellular and extracellular recording from their somata. The
      existence of these neurones has been demonstrated previously using anatomical
      methods, but their properties have not been investigated in detail. In contrast
      to the cells of Clarke's column, these neurones were found to process information
      from both exteroceptors and proprioceptors. 2. All of the investigated neurones
      were powerfully excited following stimulation of muscle nerves at strengths
      sufficient to activate group II afferents while there was no evidence for actions
      from group I afferents onto any of them. Most were excited by group II afferents
      from many different nerves, including those from muscles acting on different
      joints. The latencies and properties of the excitatory postsynaptic potentials
      (EPSPs) suggest that at least a large proportion of them were monosynaptically
      evoked. 3. All of the neurones were powerfully excited following electrical
      stimulation of cutaneous afferents. The most potent effects were evoked from the
      saphenous and sural nerves which innervate the skin of the leg and thigh. In many
      cases these EPSPs had latencies indicative of a monosynaptic connection. The
      superficial peroneal and tibial nerves which innervate the skin of the foot
      evoked EPSPs which were usually smaller and of longer latency. 4. Responses to
      adequate stimulation of cutaneous afferents were examined in twenty
      extracellularly recorded neurones. All but one of them could be discharged by
      weak mechanical stimulation of the skin over the proximal part of the leg and
      thigh. None were activated from the skin of the foot. 5. Some of the neurones
      were influenced by stimulation of the posterior knee joint or interosseous
      nerves. These actions were relatively weak, however, suggesting that the powerful
      effects seen on stimulation of muscle nerves were unlikely to have been mediated
      by articular or Pacinian afferents which contaminate them. 6. Excitation from
      group II afferents was sometimes followed by inhibition (in 27% of the neurones).
      In almost all cases the inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) were evoked
      from the same nerves which evoked EPSPs. The minimal latencies of the IPSPs were
      approximately 1.0 ms longer than those of the EPSPs, suggesting that they were
      evoked disynaptically. 7. The possibility that these neurones provide information
      regarding limb position is discussed.

PMID- 3411522
TI  - The morphology and projections of dorsal horn spinocerebellar tract neurones in
      the cat.
AB  - 1. The morphology of dorsal horn neurones located in the mid-lumbar segments of
      the spinal cord and which have an axonal projection to the cerebellum has been
      investigated. The neurones were identified by antidromic activation from the
      cerebellum and by their characteristic input from group II afferents as described
      in the preceding paper (Edgley & Jankowska, 1988). 2. The cell bodies of the
      neurones were distributed across the width of the spinal cord in laminae IV and
      V, but particularly at the border between these laminae. Most were in the caudal
      half of the fourth lumbar segment (L4), caudal to Clarke's column. However,
      neurones of this type were encountered as far caudal as the middle of the fifth
      lumbar segment (L5) and as far rostral as the middle of the third lumbar segment
      (L3). 3. The morphology of the neurones was investigated following intracellular
      staining with horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Fourteen well-filled cells were
      recovered. They had large somata and extensive dendritic arborizations within the
      dorsal horn which could extend more than 2 mm rostro-caudally. The most dense
      arborization was in laminae III and IV, just dorsal to the cell bodies. 4. The
      axons of all fourteen cells could be followed well into the white matter. All of
      them passed into the dorsal part of the ipsilateral lateral funiculus where they
      ascended. All followed a similar indirect course through the grey matter. Despite
      careful inspection, initial axon collaterals were never found. 5. All of the
      neurones were antidromically activated by low-intensity electrical stimulation of
      the dorsolateral part of the ipsilateral lateral funiculus in the thoracic region
      and from the cerebellum. The conduction velocities of the axons ranged from 62 to
      112 m s-1 (mean 84.2 (S.D. +/- 10.1) m s-1). 6. The axonal terminations of some
      neurones were investigated by mapping the most effective locations for antidromic
      activation from the cerebellar cortex. Most neurones were activated with lowest
      stimulus intensities from the rostral part of the anterior lobe. A second
      effective area was found in the posterior lobe, deep to the paramedian lobule.
      The majority of neurones were activated from both locations, suggesting that
      their axons branched to terminate in both areas. 7. On the basis of their
      projection and termination, it is proposed that the axons of these dorsal horn
      spinocerebellar tract neurones contribute to the dorsal spinocerebellar tract
      (DSCT).

PMID- 3411523
TI  - Directional instability of rear caster wheelchairs.
AB  - Although less common than conventional front caster wheelchairs, rear caster
      wheelchairs are still in use for several reasons. Many people find manual rear
      caster wheelchairs easier to maneuver indoors at slow speeds. This is especially
      true when the user attempts to maneuver the wheelchair very close to an object,
      such as a table. Electric wheelchairs often have rear casters to accommodate for
      front wheel drive. If the larger drive wheels are located at the front of the
      wheelchair, obstacles such as a curb can be negotiated much more easily. However,
      a major disadvantage of rear caster wheelchairs is that they are generally known
      to be directionally unstable, especially at high forward speeds. This paper
      presents the results of a study to determine specific measures that can be
      employed to improve the stability of this type of wheelchair. The instability of
      rear caster wheelchairs is due primarily to road forces that act on the tires
      when the wheelchair is displaced from its line of motion by a bump or other
      irregularity in the road surface. The paper discusses the experimental
      investigation of these road forces as well as a dynamic model used to study the
      instability problem. The results of a computer simulation program used to perform
      a parametric study of different design variables are discussed. Center of gravity
      position, caster trail distance, and caster pin friction are found to have a
      dominant influence on rear caster wheelchair directional control. Several simple
      but significant design recommendations are presented.

PMID- 3411524
TI  - Rehabilitation of musicians with upper limb amputations.
AB  - Three saxophone players with upper limb amputations have been successfully
      rehabilitated to play their musical instruments using skin-conductivity touch
      control. Each attained a standard of musicianship sufficient to perform the
      standard repertoire of the instrument in a concert setting. The mechanical and
      electrical modifications to the saxophone are described, as well as the
      principles of operation of the skin-conductivity touch control module. The touch
      control module is commercially available for prosthetists who wish to fit
      musicians or others with upper extremity amputations who require rapid accurate
      control of a number of channels of powered prosthetic function.

PMID- 3411525
TI  - Speech restoration post-pharyngolaryngoesophagectomy using tracheogastric
      fistula.
AB  - Restoration of voice and speech in patients with gastric pull-up presents a
      formidable challenge, and many of these patients are left at best with a poorly
      functional electrolaryngeal speech. To improve this condition, a tracheogastric
      puncture stented with a biflanged self-retaining Groningen voice button was
      accomplished, resulting in gastric mucosa vibrations during exhalatory phase. The
      biomechanical characteristics of gastric vibrations and tracheogastric puncture
      candidate selection criteria are discussed.

PMID- 3411526
TI  - Biochemical changes in sweat following prolonged ischemia.
AB  - Much emphasis has been placed on the measurement of physical parameters at the
      body support interface in order to detect and moderate conditions which could
      result in pressure damage to soft tissues. Major difficulties are encountered
      both in the design of instrumentation and interpretation of the data collected.
      Metabolic processes in sweat glands that control sweat secretion have been shown
      to be sensitive to applied pressure, producing sweating rate suppression and
      changes in sweat NaCl concentration. In this study, we have demonstrated the
      feasibility of measuring lactate concentration in sweat collected locally using
      an electrochemical stimulation technique (iontophoresis of pilocarpine nitrate).
      Elevated levels of sweat lactate concentration during local tissue indentation
      were detected in a group of able-bodied subjects. Upon removal of the indentor,
      however, levels of sweat lactate returned to normal.

PMID- 3411527
TI  - [Effects of hypobaric-hypoxia on the total number and histochemical properties of
      the soleus muscle fibers and motoneurons in the rat].
AB  - After 7 weeks of hypobaric-hypoxia adaptation, horseradish peroxidase was
      injected into the soleus muscle to label motoneurons of the spinal cord in rats.
      Fiber type distribution in the soleus muscle and oxidative enzyme activity of
      motoneurons innervating the soleus muscle were examined. Fiber type was converted
      from slow-twitch-oxidative (SO) to fast-twitch-oxidative-glycolytic (FOG).
      Oxidative enzyme activity of motoneurons (25-45 micron soma diameter) was
      increased. However, oxidative capacity of larger motoneurons (greater than or
      equal to 45 micron soma diameter) was not changed. These data suggest that the
      lack of increase in oxidative capacity of larger motoneurons (innervating SO
      units) by hypoxia secondarily causes fiber type shift from SO to FOG.

PMID- 3411528
TI  - [Collective food poisoning from saurine: medical treatment. Diagnostic and
      etiologic survey].

PMID- 3411529
TI  - World Federation of Associations of Clinical Toxicology Centres and Poison
      Control Centres.

PMID- 3411530
TI  - [Acute methylbromide poisoning].

PMID- 3411531
TI  - [Detection of optical neuropathies with ethambutol].

PMID- 3411532
TI  - The role of returns to a prior topic in the negotiation of topic change: a
      developmental investigation.
AB  - Returns to a prior topic occurring in the conversations of small groups of
      acquainted peers were examined to learn more about how topic is organized in such
      settings and how it changes with age. Twenty-five discussion groups were formed,
      five at each of the following grades: second, fifth, ninth, twelfth, and college.
      The eighth meeting of each group was examined, comprising 13,811 speaking turns
      total, which includes 502 returns other than those occurring after side
      sequences. There are three main findings. First, at all ages, returns were
      frequently used to counter attempts at topic change. This finding warranted the
      creation of a model for the negotiation of topic change that includes returns.
      Second, there were no age differences in the means used for negotiating topic
      change, but there were substantial age differences in the way these means were
      actually employed. These differences suggest that adolescents and young adults
      adopt a consensual orientation to topic negotiation. Third, other results suggest
      that that consensual orientation to topic negotiation is a generalization of the
      consensus orientation to topic maintenance that is acquired during childhood.

PMID- 3411533
TI  - Vocal congruence in mother-infant play.
AB  - Turn-taking is the fundamental temporal structure of adult dialogue. This
      structure defines two types of joint silence: intrapersonal pause (silence
      bounded by the vocalizations of a single speaker) and switching pause (silence
      bounded by the vocalizations of different speakers). Switching pauses mark the
      boundaries of the turn exchange. In adult conversation the mean durations of both
      types of pause are characteristically matched between partners. This matching,
      termed "vocal congruence," occurs developmentally earlier in the case of
      switching pauses. We hypothesized and confirmed that mothers and infants match
      switching pauses but not intrapersonal pauses at 4 months, even though the
      infants' vocalizations are prelinguistic. Second, since there are known affective
      correlates of vocal congruence in adult conversation, we hypothesized a similar
      affective correlate for mother-infant vocal congruence. We found, for the
      intrapersonal pause only, that the degree of matching within a dyad correlates
      with infant affective engagement. We conclude, from switching pause congruence,
      that a turn-taking dialogic structure is being regulated in the mother-infant
      pair at 4 months in the same way as seen in adult conversation. Thus, both the
      temporal structure of adult dialogue and its affective correlate are
      prelinguistic.

PMID- 3411534
TI  - Law and ideology in the case of Billie Boggs.

PMID- 3411535
TI  - Understanding multiple personality disorder.

PMID- 3411536
TI  - Long term psychiatric hospitalization.

PMID- 3411537
TI  - Verbal interpersonal responsiveness.

PMID- 3411538
TI  - The infection physician.

PMID- 3411539
TI  - Epidemiology of HIV infection.

PMID- 3411540
TI  - AIDS dementia complex.

PMID- 3411542
TI  - Human immunodeficiency virus-associated neurobehavioural disorder.
AB  - AIDS, ARC, and other HIV-associated diseases were originally conceptualised
      exclusively in terms of defects in cell-mediated immunity and its consequences.
      But it is now becoming clear that HIV disease can also be a primary
      neuropsychiatric disorder, although the precise mechanism by which the retrovirus
      causes impairment in brain function and, ultimately, structural brain damage,
      remains obscure. The work presented here indicates another shift in our thinking
      concerning HIV infection. Until recently it was believed that neurological and
      neuropsychiatric phenomena tended to occur in the late stages of HIV disease.
      While that might be true for the more severe form of symptomatology that has been
      termed the AIDS dementia complex, we believe there is at least preliminary
      evidence that cognitive change can occur earlier in the course of illness,
      perhaps even in some medically asymptomatic HIV+ individuals. Other investigators
      have also noted increased neuropsychological abnormality in patients before they
      developed AIDS or ARC. For example, Janssen et al. found that about half their
      patients with lymphadenopathy syndrome (LAS) had some neuropsychological test
      deficits. Durara et al. recently reported on cerebral metabolic rates for glucose
      in seven HIV+ asymptomatic individuals, compared to 10 HIV- controls. Four of the
      HIV+ individuals had abnormal asymmetry in frontal and temporal regions
      suggesting focal reduction in cerebral glucose metabolism. Further indirect
      evidence that virus can enter the central nervous system early in the course of
      HIV disease comes from the work of McArthur and associates.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3411541
TI  - Psychiatric aspects of HIV infection: implications for the UK.

PMID- 3411545
TI  - Health orphans: the academic viewpoint.

PMID- 3411543
TI  - The worried well: their identification and management.

PMID- 3411547
TI  - Depression: an integrative approach. Report of a joint conference of the Royal
      College of Physicians and the Mental Health Foundation.

PMID- 3411544
TI  - Counselling patients with AIDS-related encephalopathy.

PMID- 3411548
TI  - Cell transplantation. Report of a conference held at the Royal College of
      Physicians.

PMID- 3411546
TI  - Facilities for the diagnosis of respiratory disease in the UK. A survey of 276
      thoracic physicians. Report of a working party of the British Thoracic Society's
      Regional Representatives Committee.

PMID- 3411549
TI  - Patterns of oviducal motility in the cow during the oestrous cycle.
AB  - Microtransducers sensitive to changes in internal diameter were chronically
      implanted in the oviducts of 5 dairy cows. Motility patterns were recorded
      throughout 9 oestrous cycles. Cyclic variations in patterns of motility were
      observed and compared with circulating concentrations of plasma progesterone.
      Luteal-phase motility patterns were of low amplitude and frequency. The frequency
      and amplitude of motility increased 3-5 days before behavioural oestrus. This
      activity consisted primarily of longitudinal muscle contractions, with an
      interspacing of circular muscle activity occurring during oestrus. Patterns of
      activity after oestrus were similar to those before oestrus, with activity
      decreasing 3-5 days after oestrus. Transducers implanted bilaterally in 2 animals
      permitted observation of asynchronous patterns between right and left oviducts.
      Preliminary data suggested a higher level of activity in the oviduct ipsilateral
      to the active ovary. These variations may be due to a local effect, possibly
      mediated by the functional ovary or the ovum.

PMID- 3411550
TI  - Plasma steroid, relaxin and dihydro-keto-prostaglandin F-2 alpha changes in the
      minipig in relation to myometrial electrical and mechanical activity in the pre
      partum period.
AB  - Recordings of electromyographic and mechanical activities of the uterus of intact
      and ovariectomized minipigs during the last days of pregnancy, combined with a
      frequent blood sampling regimen, indicated that the evolution of electrical
      activity was dependent upon the clearance both of progesterone and relaxin from
      the plasma. Increases in dihydro-keto-prostaglandin-F-2 alpha (DHKF-2 alpha)
      occurred only after the initial decline in progesterone, and were positively
      correlated with increases in electrical activity only after circulating relaxin
      titres had fallen. These results demonstrate that relaxin provides for the
      inhibition of the myometrium during the period when progesterone titres decline.
      The temporal relationship of the decline of progesterone and the rise in DHKF-2
      alpha suggests that uterine PGF-2 alpha may not initiate luteolysis in the sow at
      term.

PMID- 3411551
TI  - In-vitro steroid synthesis by the placenta of cows in late gestation and at
      parturition.
AB  - Placental tissues were collected during late gestation (Group I, N = 11), pre
      partum (Group II, N = 9) and post partum (N = 29): 15 of the post-partum cows
      released the fetal membranes normally (Group III) and 14 retained the fetal
      membranes (Group IV). Preparations of dispersed fetal placental cells,
      preparations enriched in binucleate cells (BNC) or in small principal cells as
      well as tissue minces were utilized. Maternal placental tissue (caruncle) and
      fetal placental principal cells made minimal conversion of prenenolone and
      androstenedione to other steroids (less than 15% conversion). Fetal placental
      tissue and enriched preparations of BNC were more active and were similar in
      their conversion of pregnenolone and androstenedione to other steroids. BNC
      converted pregnenolone primarily to progesterone during late gestation, but this
      was altered in the direction of oestrogens pre partum and post partum. BNC were
      capable of converting androstenedione to oestrogens, but this ability diminished
      greatly post partum if the fetal membranes were released normally. In-vitro
      treatment of fetal placental tissue minces with dexamethasone increased the
      conversion of pregnenolone to androstenedione and the oestrogens but did not
      alter the conversion the primary cell type involved in fetal placental
      steroidogenesis peripartum and that dexamethasone may alter this steroidogenesis
      by activating the C17,20-lyase enzyme complex.

PMID- 3411552
TI  - Measurement of the metabolism of energy substrates in individual bovine
      blastocysts.
AB  - Individual blastocysts from cows were cultured for 3 h under 5% CO2 in air, in 4
      microliters droplets of Ham's F-10 medium containing D-[5-3H]glucose, D-[1-14C]
      glucose, D-[6-14C]glucose, [2-14C]pyruvate, or L-[U-14C]glutamine, and with or
      without 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) or phenazine ethosulphate (PES). The 14CO2 or
      3H2O produced were collected by exchange with an outer bath of 400 microliter 25
      mM-NaHCO3. All combinations of substrate and treatment (control, DNP or PES)
      produced measurable quantities of labelled product except for D-[6-14C]glucose in
      the presence of PES. Untreated and DNP-treated embryos developed normally during
      a subsequent 48-h culture period in fresh medium, but PES-treated embryos
      degenerated. Pyruvate and glutamine metabolism both increased markedly in the
      presence of DNP, indicating that the Krebs' cycle is active, and that glutamine
      can be used as an energy substrate. Conversely, DNP has no significant effect on
      glucose metabolism, indicating that glycolysis is blocked in the bovine
      blastocyst due to a lack or inhibition of pyruvate kinase. The production of
      14CO2 from D-[1-14C]glucose increased significantly in the presence of PES,
      indicating that the activity of the pentose shunt is less than maximal.

PMID- 3411553
TI  - Plasma concentrations of progesterone, oestrogens, testosterone and LH-like
      activity during the oestrous cycle of the camel (Camelus dromedarius).
AB  - Peripheral plasma concentrations of progesterone, total oestrogens and
      testosterone (measured by RIAs) and LH (monitored by the mouse Leydig cell bio
      assay) were measured in 8 female camels for a complete oestrous cycle (23.1 +/-
      1.2 days). The absence of an LH surge and a low concentration of progesterone
      (less than 1 ng/ml) during oestrus (5 days) and throughout the cycle indicated a
      failure of spontaneous ovulation and absence of a subsequent luteal phase in this
      species. High concentrations of testosterone and oestrogens indicated that the
      oestrous cycle in the camel is mostly follicular and that the increasing values
      of the two hormones during follicular development (5 days) is probably the
      stimulus to behavioural oestrus.

PMID- 3411554
TI  - Oestrus and the vaginal smear cycle of the river otter, Lutra canadensis.
AB  - Vaginal smears of river otters contained specific cellular associations which can
      be used to monitor their reproductive cycle. The anoestrous period was identified
      by the presence of large intermediate epithelial cells while the onset of pro
      oestrus was gradual and the duration difficult to determine. Oestrus was
      indicated by an influx of nucleated and non-nucleated cornified cells which
      continue after mating. The metoestrous smear was characterized by large
      quantities of leucocytes and mucus.

PMID- 3411555
TI  - Suckling and lactational anoestrus in wild gorillas (Gorilla gorilla).
AB  - The present observations of wild gorillas demonstrate that lactation has a major
      influence on birth spacing. The frequency of suckling declined as infants
      matured, from greater than 1/h during the first year to about 1/2 h by 30-36
      months when mothers usually resumed sexual cycling. In contrast, the length of
      suckling bouts remained relatively constant throughout lactation, averaging
      between 2.6 and 3.2 min per bout. Within infant age categories, suckling
      frequencies of less than or equal to 0.5 bouts/h were associated with mothers who
      had resumed cycling, whereas higher frequencies were associated with mothers who
      were still anoestrous. These results complement those obtained from studies of
      breast-feeding in humans, and support the suggestion that the frequency of
      suckling is a critical factor in the contraceptive effects of lactation.

PMID- 3411556
TI  - Effect of A-nor steroids and oestradiol on progesterone production by human
      luteal cells.
AB  - Cell suspensions were prepared from human corpora lutea obtained during the mid
      luteal phase. Progesterone production was assessed after short-term incubation of
      luteal cell suspensions. Luteal cells were very sensitive to hCG, the
      concentration required for 50% maximum response being 0.01 i.u./ml, and the
      response was 5 times higher than the basal production. Oestradiol (1-100 microM)
      induced a significant dose-related decrease in both basal and hCG-stimulated
      progesterone production. The A-nor steroidal compounds anordrin and AF-45 reduced
      hCG-stimulated progesterone production only at the high concentration of 100
      microM. The ED50 values were approximately 3 microM, 75 microM and 100 microM for
      oestradiol, AF-45 and anordrin respectively. Anordrin showed no significant
      effects on basal progesterone production. In addition, oestradiol markedly
      inhibited the activity of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in luteal cells,
      expressed by the conversion of pregnenolone to progesterone, but the inhibitory
      effects of anordrin and AF-45 were negligible or relatively low. The effects of
      anordrin and AF-45 were different from those of oestradiol on progesterone
      production by human luteal cells in vitro, indicating that neither substance is
      likely to be a useful luteolytic agent in women.

PMID- 3411557
TI  - Sweat glands of the scrotum of the bull.
AB  - Skin samples were taken post mortem from the scrotum, abdomen and neck of 4
      mature bulls. The volume of sweat glands per unit skin surface area of the
      scrotum was greater than that of other body regions. Within the scrotum there was
      a gradient in sweat gland volume increasing from proximal through to distal parts
      of the scrotum. These results suggest a previously unidentified variable cooling
      capacity of the scrotum depending on testicular descent.

PMID- 3411558
TI  - Immunologically reactive albumin-like protein in human testis and seminal plasma.
AB  - An immunologically reactive albumin-like protein (albumin) was localized, by an
      immunostaining technique, in the testis of infertile men (normal spermatogenesis,
      obstructive azoospermia) at the level of the Sertoli cells and in some cells of
      the germinal epithelium (secondary spermatocytes and early spermatids). No
      positive reaction was detectable in prepubertal testis. In vasectomized men, mean
      seminal albumin values were drastically reduced (by about 80%) in comparison to
      fertile controls, indicating a probable testicular origin. Mean seminal albumin
      values were also decreased in patients affected by azoospermia due to a
      seminiferous tubular lesion (about 40%) and in oligozoospermic patients (about
      30%). In the same seminal samples transferrin, an index of Sertoli cell function,
      was also measured. Albumin and transferrin results were well correlated in the
      seminal plasma of each group (with the exception of vasectomized subjects),
      including a group of men with abnormally high concentrations of seminal
      transferrin. A weak correlation was found between seminal albumin and sperm
      count. We suggest that the presence of albumin in the human adult testis and in
      seminal plasma could be related to its ability to transport androgens.

PMID- 3411559
TI  - Mechanism of action of (-)gossypol on ATP production in isolated hamster
      spermatids.
AB  - The ATP content of round spermatids isolated from hamsters was decreased 90%
      after 18 h of incubation in the presence of 4 microM-(-)gossypol and 0.10% bovine
      serum albumin (BSA). The (+)-enantiomer had no effect under these incubation
      conditions. The Michaelis-Menten constant Km and the maximal initial velocity
      Vmax of cellular LDH-C4 were not significantly altered after 18 h of incubation
      of the spermatids with (-)gossypol. Furthermore, there was no effect of (
      )gossypol on the production of 14CO2 from L-[U-14C]lactate. It is concluded that
      (-)gossypol does not inhibit ATP production in spermatids by an effect on the
      sperm-specific LDH-C4 enzyme or on the mitochondrial oxidation of pyruvate.
      Rather, (-)gossypol may have an effect on the coupling between electron transport
      and ATP synthesis in the mitochondria. This action of (-)gossypol may not involve
      the H+-conducting activity of gossypol, but could be produced through binding of
      (-)gossypol to specific mitochondrial proteins.

PMID- 3411560
TI  - Differential effects of (+)- and (-)-gossypol enantiomers on LDH-C4 activity of
      hamster spermatogenic epithelium in vitro.
AB  - Tubular fragments (spermatogenic epithelium) from immature hamsters were isolated
      and cultured with low doses of (+)- and (-)-gossypol enantiomers. The activity of
      lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme LDH-C4 was estimated as a marker for
      spermatogenic cell development and alpha-ketoisovalerate was used as the
      substrate. In the absence of gossypol, the specific activity of LDH-C4 in the
      tubular fragments was increased 40% during incubation for 48 h. This
      developmental increase was suppressed by gossypol. The specific activity of LDH
      C4 in the tubular fragments was lowered by gossypol, after 48 h of culture in the
      presence of low doses of racemic gossypol (1-4 microM) and 1% fetal calf serum.
      In this in-vitro system the (-)-enantiomer but not the (+)-enantiomer of gossypol
      affected the LDH-C4 activity. This is in agreement with other reports showing
      that only the (-)-enantiomer induces infertility. The observed action of gossypol
      on LDH-C4 activity in the tubular fragments may reflect gossypol-induced
      degeneration of spermatogenic cells. The present in-vitro system can be used to
      estimate the actions of gossypol derivatives, other investigational antifertility
      agents, and toxic agents on the spermatogenic epithelium.

PMID- 3411561
TI  - Platelet-activating factor in the rabbit uterus during early pregnancy.
AB  - Platelet-activating factor (PAF) concentrations were low in the non-pregnant,
      oestrous uterus (mean +/- s.e.m.: 2.2 +/- 1.2 pmol/g, n = 3). However, uterine
      PAF increased dramatically during pregnancy to a maximum of 37.8 +/- 4.90 pmol/g
      (n = 7) on Day 5. By Day 7, PAF concentrations in the uteri of pregnant rabbits
      had returned to levels similar to those found at oestrus. In contrast, uterine
      PAF in pseudopregnant rabbits peaked at 30.6 +/- 2.8 pmol/g (n = 8) on Day 4,
      declined to 20.5 +/- 2.4 pmol/g (n = 8) on Day 5 and then remained at that
      concentration through Day 7. Uterine PAF co-migrated with synthetic PAF (1-O
      hexadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-phosphocholine) in both thin-layer and normal-phase
      high-performance liquid chromatography. PAF activity in the uterus during
      pregnancy and pseudopregnancy was found almost exclusively in the endometrium;
      little or no PAF was found in myometrium, uterine flushings or blastocysts. While
      no PAF was detected in blastocysts on Days 5 and 6 of pregnancy, the presence of
      the embryo appears to modulate biosynthesis and/or degradation of PAF by the
      uterus, since PAF decreased significantly in uterine tissue apposed to the
      implanting embryo (but not in similar areas between such attachment sites).
      Increased concentrations of PAF in the preimplantation rabbit uterus followed by
      a dramatic decrease on the day of blastocyst attachment suggest that this potent
      inflammatory autacoid may play a vital role in implantation.

PMID- 3411562
TI  - Sexual maturation and morphological development of the reproductive tract in
      large white and prolific Chinese Meishan pigs.
AB  - Body weight of Large White gilts was greater at birth, weaning, 5 months of age
      and at slaughter; however, Meishan gilts reached puberty at an earlier age (91 +/
      2 vs 192 +/- 3 days, P less than 0.01), had longer periods of oestrus (60 +/- 2
      vs 49 +/- 2 h, P less than 0.01) and experienced more oestrous cycles (7 +/- 0.4
      vs 4 +/- 0.4, P less than 0.01) before slaughter. The interoestrous interval was
      longer (P less than 0.01) for Large White gilts (19.8 +/- 0.2 vs 19.1 +/- 0.2
      days). At slaughter, uterine length (P less than 0.05), uterine weight, width of
      uterine horns, endometrial surface area, endometrial weight and percentage of
      uterine weight represented by endometrium was greater (P less than 0.01) for
      Large White gilts. However, breed differences were not significant when slaughter
      weight was included in analyses as a covariate. This indicated that development
      of the reproductive tract was proportionate to body weight at slaughter for each
      breed. When body weight at slaughter was included as a covariate, effects of day
      of the oestrous cycle and pregnancy on uterine width, uterine weight, endometrial
      surface area and endometrial weight were detected (P less than 0.01) and for
      uterine length there was a day-by-status interaction (P less than 0.01). Total
      number of CL (P less than 0.05) and total ovarian weight (P less than 0.05) were
      also greater for Large White gilts independent of body weight at slaughter. There
      were more CL in left ovaries for Meishan (8.1 +/- 0.4 vs 6.6 +/- 0.4) and Large
      White (8.4 +/- 0.4 vs 7.9 +/- 0.5) gilts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3411563
TI  - Cycles of antler and testicular growth in an aseasonal tropical deer (Axis axis).
AB  - Antler and testicular cycles were studied in a group of free ranging axis deer
      stags kept out of doors in southern England. Within the herd, there was little
      evidence of a clear seasonal synchrony in the antler cycle. Detailed information
      obtained from 4 stags indicated that there was a fixed relationship between stage
      of the antler cycle and testis diameter; minimum testis diameter occurred 1-2
      months after antler casting whereas maximum testis diameter occurred when stags
      were in hard antler. Changes in body weight, circumference of the neck and plasma
      testosterone concentrations largely paralleled those of testis diameter. Motile
      spermatozoa were collected at all stages of the testis cycle. Six animals in the
      early stages of antler growth were selected from the herd in May and 3 of these
      were implanted with 1 g melatonin in a Silastic rubber envelope. Each animal was
      captured on 3 subsequent occasions at monthly intervals. Melatonin was without
      effect on the rate of increase in size of the testis, circumference of the neck
      or growth and cleaning of the antlers although 1 of the treated animals failed to
      cast his antlers at the expected time 8 months after cleaning. We conclude from
      this study that there is little or no seasonal photoperiodic entrainment of the
      antler and testicular cycles of males in this population of axis deer.

PMID- 3411564
TI  - Diminished oestrogen sensitivity and increased ovulation rate in adult female
      rats after prepubertal treatment with oestrogen or pimozide.
AB  - Immature female rats were implanted with oestradiol benzoate or cholesterol in
      the medial preoptic area at different ages, and the inhibition of the ovariectomy
      induced increase of LH secretion by s.c. injected oestradiol was investigated.
      Medial preoptic oestrogen implants reduced the inhibition of LH secretion in 4
      week-old rats, but not in younger animals. Elevation of the circulating oestrogen
      concentration or suppression of the central nervous dopamine activity by daily
      injections of oestradiol and pimozide, respectively, from Day 26 to the day of
      vaginal opening, i.e. during the time when the mechanism of the oestrogen-induced
      desensitization of the negative oestrogen feedback matures, resulted in
      considerable diminution of the LH-inhibiting effect of oestradiol in
      ovariectomized adult females. In intact cyclic rats, both prepubertal treatments
      led to a significant increase of the average number of eggs per ovulation that
      was mainly caused by reduction of the number of animals with a low ovulation
      rate.

PMID- 3411565
TI  - Pregnancies after co-culture of cumulus cells with bovine embryos derived from in
      vitro fertilization of in-vitro matured follicular oocytes.
AB  - Bovine follicular oocytes surrounded by cumulus cells for more than one-third of
      their surface were matured, fertilized and developed in vitro utilizing a co
      culture system with bovine cumulus cells. Embryos developed into blastocysts were
      non-surgically transferred to the uteri of cows at Day 6, 7 or 8 (Day 0 =
      oestrus). Out of 6 recipient cows (19 blastocysts transferred), 3 became
      pregnant. One of the 3 pregnant cows carried twins. The results of this study
      demonstrated the viability of embryos obtained from in-vitro maturation of bovine
      oocytes followed by in-vitro fertilization and culture to the blastocyst stage in
      vitro.

PMID- 3411566
TI  - An autoradiographic study of gonadotrophin regulation of labelled glycoconjugates
      within preovulatory mouse follicles during the final stages of oocyte maturation,
      using [3H]glucosamine as the radioactive precursor.
AB  - Immature mice were treated with PMSG and hCG to induce follicular development and
      ovulation. [3H]Glucosamine was injected at the same time as the PMSG or 2 h
      before autopsy. The synthesis and distribution of labelled glycoconjugates within
      the preovulatory follicles was hormonally dependent. PMSG stimulated a rapid
      uptake of [3H]glucosamine into the zona pellucida and follicular fluid of the
      largest antral follicles although labelled macromolecules could not be
      demonstrated in any of the cellular components of these follicles. The injection
      of hCG stimulated a rapid incorporation of labelled macromolecules into the
      cellular components of the preovulatory follicle, namely into thecal, granulosa
      and especially the cumulus cells surrounding the oocyte. The density of labelled
      macromolecules within the follicular fluid also increased, while the specific and
      uniform labelling of the zona pellucida which was so characteristic of the period
      of PMSG stimulation changed. Between 4 and 8 h after the injection of hCG,
      labelled glycoconjugates containing [3H]glucosamine, became increasingly
      associated with the outer surface of the zona pellucida and with the region of
      the egg plasma membrane, even in Graafian follicles not destined to ovulate. The
      change in distribution of labelled macromolecules on the zona surface may be a
      prerequisite for successful sperm-zona binding and the specific association of
      labelled glycoconjugates in the region of the egg plasma membrane may be involved
      in the preparation of the egg surface for sperm-egg interactions involving
      cortical granule exocytosis and the block to polyspermy.

PMID- 3411567
TI  - Distribution of 5 alpha-reductase in the epididymis of the tammar wallaby
      (Macropus eugenii) and dependence of the epididymis on systemic testosterone and
      luminal fluids from the testis.
AB  - The activity of 5 alpha-reductase was much higher in the caput and corpus
      epididymidis than in the cauda epididymidis. Orchidectomy caused a reduction in 5
      alpha-reductase activity in the caput and corpus epididymidis, and regression of
      the epithelium and reduction in mass of all regions of the epididymis. Subsequent
      testosterone therapy caused a substantial increase in amount of epithelium and
      overall mass of the cauda epididymidis but showed little or no increase in any of
      the responses measured in the caput and corpus epididymidis. We concluded that
      the caput and corpus epididymidis of the tammar respond to factors other than
      testosterone, probably some constituent in the luminal fluid, and therefore are
      homologous with the initial segments of the epididymis in eutherians.

PMID- 3411568
TI  - Selenium and glutathione peroxidase in seminal plasma of men and bulls.
AB  - High levels of selenium and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were found in bull
      seminal plasma but low concentrations in human seminal plasma. In man the seminal
      plasma selenium was associated with two macromolecules separable by gel
      filtration, but no GSH-Px was found in the same fractions. Selenium in bull
      seminal plasma was associated with two proteins, which could be separated by gel
      filtration and anion exchange chromatography. Both macromolecules coeluted with
      GSH-Px activity and had identical optima at pH 7.0. Their responses to thermal
      treatment, however, differed. Seminal vesicle secretory fluid in the bull
      contained both these proteins, while the larger molecule was also found in
      fractionations of ampulla, prostate and Cowper's glands. The larger enzyme form
      is evidently a tetramer of the smaller one. Both enzyme forms were extremely
      sensitive to heavy metals and some divalent metal ions. GSH caused an activation
      while other reducing agents were suppressive. Triton X-100 had no effect, while
      sodium deoxycholate was inhibitory. These properties are typical for a
      phospholipid hydroperoxide GSH-Px. It is concluded that this selenium-dependent
      enzyme may be important in the protection of bovine spermatozoa against damage
      caused by oxygen radicals, while in man such a mechanism is not functional.

PMID- 3411569
TI  - Effects of delayed transfer and treatment with oestrogen on the transport of
      microspheres by the rat oviduct.
AB  - Starch or dextran blue microspheres were transferred microsurgically to the
      infundibulum of the oviduct on Days 1, 2, or 3 of pregnancy of control and
      oestradiol-treated rats. The animals were killed a few hours to several days
      after transfer to assess the number and distribution of ova and microspheres in
      the tract. After transfer on Day 1 of pregnancy, microspheres and eggs crossed
      the ampullary-isthmic junction (AIJ) 18 h after ovulation. After transfer on Day
      2 of pregnancy, more than 50% of microspheres were retained in the ampulla,
      indicating that the AIJ changes again 34 h after ovulation. Treatment with
      oestradiol did not advance the passage of eggs or microspheres across the AIJ but
      caused accelerated transport through the isthmus as soon as the eggs or
      microspheres reached this segment. Dextran blue microspheres were seen to move
      back and forth in the isthmus of control anaesthetized rats at a frequency of 5-6
      times/min. Between 7 and 20 h after treatment with oestradiol the frequency of
      these movements was significantly augmented, indicating that increased frequency
      of contractions of the smooth muscle of the isthmus precedes and accompanies
      accelerated transport of ova through this segment.

PMID- 3411570
TI  - Daily rhythms of pituitary-ovarian function in the immature hamster are
      independent of adrenal and pineal influence.
AB  - In female hamsters, the daily rhythm of LH appeared on the 15th or 16th day after
      birth with a peak occurring at about 16:00 h (14L:10D, lights on 06:00 h).
      Progesterone concentrations increased and became rhythmic a few days later. In
      serum samples collected at 14, 16, 18, 20, 25, 30, 40 and 60-62 days of age
      between 13:00 and 23:00 h, significant rhythms of serum cortisol and
      corticosterone concentrations were not detected before 25 days of age;
      furthermore, the phase of the rhythms did not stabilize to the adult pattern
      until about 40 days of age. As in the adult, significant rhythms were present in
      both sexes and the levels of cortisol were greater than those of corticosterone.
      Injection of pig ACTH (50 i.u./kg body wt, i.p.) significantly increased serum
      cortisol by 10 days of age, but corticosterone did not respond until 25 days of
      age. Thus, for cortisol at least, the appearance of 24-h rhythms in the serum is
      probably not dependent on the ability of the adrenal to respond to ACTH.
      Ovariectomy had no effect on the late afternoon surge of serum cortisol;
      similarly, adrenalectomy of immature females did not abolish the surge of LH.
      Ovariectomy did not alter the daily rhythm of pineal melatonin content and
      pinealectomy had no effect on the daily afternoon surge of LH. These results
      demonstrate functional independence of circadian rhythms in the pituitary-gonadal
      axis and the pituitary-adrenal axis of the immature hamster and also independence
      of daily rhythms of pineal melatonin and pituitary release of LH.

PMID- 3411571
TI  - The fertility of hypothyroid male mice.
AB  - Male mice homozygous for the hypothyroid gene mutation were compared with normal
      siblings to determine whether hypothyroidism induced infertility by impairing
      sexual behaviour. In addition, the fertility of the hypothyroid mice was
      examined. The experimental results provide unequivocal evidence that genetically
      induced hypothyroidism in male mice does not impair sexual behaviour or cause
      infertility.

PMID- 3411572
TI  - Seasonal fluctuations in plasma progesterone concentrations in Gentile-di-Puglia
      and Ile-de-France ewes in southern Italy.
AB  - Ile-de-France ewes had high plasma progesterone concentrations during early
      summer-late winter. Gentile-di-Puglia ewes had high progesterone values during
      the winter-spring-summer period but during autumn progesterone values were very
      low and oestrous behaviour was not displayed. The comparison with Ile-de-France
      ewes indicates that a phase shift occurs in the annual ovarian activity in ewes
      of the Gentile-di-Puglia breed.

PMID- 3411573
TI  - Effects of donor age on urinary chemosignals that influence the timing of first
      oestrus in young female house mice, Mus domesticus.
AB  - The effects of donor age on the effectiveness of puberty-influencing urinary
      chemosignals in wild house mice was tested in a series of 3 experiments. The
      chemosignal from male mice that accelerates puberty was present in the urine from
      about the time of puberty and throughout the normal lifespan, but declined about
      1 year of age. Oestrous females released a substance in their urine that
      accelerates puberty in young females. This substance remained effective from
      first oestrus until over 1 year of age, although older females were in oestrus
      less frequently than younger mice. Females that are pregnant or lactating
      released a puberty-accelerating substance in their urine regardless of age.
      Production and release of the puberty-delaying chemosignal by grouped females was
      initiated before puberty and continued throughout the lifespan of the mouse.

PMID- 3411574
TI  - Preliminary characterization, androgen-dependence and ontogeny of an abundant
      protein from mouse vas deferens.
AB  - Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis revealed that the vas deferens of
      adult mouse contains a major protein. Mouse vas deferens protein is a basic
      glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 34,800 +/- 300. The protein represents 17
      +/- 0.7% and 42 +/- 2.4% of soluble proteins from homogenate and luminal fluid
      respectively, an estimate based on densitometric scanning of polyacrylamide gels.
      The protein originated from the vas deferens since it was not detected in blood
      plasma or in sexual organs and it was still present after ligation of the
      epididymis. Changes in androgen status of the animal markedly affected the vas
      deferens protein. After castration a progressive decrease in the protein was
      observed and its relative percentage dropped to 2 +/- 0.4% after 45 days. The
      concentration of the protein returned to precastration levels after 2 weeks of
      testosterone treatment but oestradiol, progesterone and corticosterone were
      ineffective in this respect. The vas deferens protein was not synthesized in
      significant amounts until animals were 20 days old and its concentration
      increased rapidly from 20 to 30 days in concert with the pubertal increase of
      androgens in the vas deferens.

PMID- 3411575
TI  - Immunoblot analysis of cholesterol side-chain cleavage cytochrome P-450 and
      adrenodoxin in corpora lutea of cyclic and late-pregnant sheep.
AB  - The specific contents of cytochrome P-450scc and adrenodoxin in corpora lutea of
      late pregnant sheep were, respectively, 1/5 and 1/8 that of corpora lutea of the
      oestrous cycle, suggesting lower steroidogenic enzyme capacity in the former. The
      contents of Complex V proteins were also lower in the corpora lutea of late
      pregnancy. It was observed in the immunoblots of both Complex V and cytochrome P
      450scc that immunoreactive bands of molecular weights lower than the native
      proteins were present in the samples from corpora lutea of late pregnancy,
      indicative of degradation of the native enzymes. It is concluded that corpora
      lutea of sheep during late pregnancy have a much lower enzyme capacity for
      steroidogenesis than do those of the oestrous cycle (mid-luteal phase) due to a
      reduction in the content of cytochrome P-450scc and adrenodoxin. The reduction in
      the levels of steroidogenic enzyme proteins appears to be unspecific and probably
      reflects an overall demise in mitochondrial functions.

PMID- 3411576
TI  - Decreased embryonic survival of in-vitro fertilized oocytes in rats is due to
      retardation of preimplantation development.
AB  - Immature female rats (60-65 g) were injected with 4 i.u. PMSG on Day -2 and
      allocated to 3 groups. On the evening of Day 0, rats in Groups I and II were
      allowed to mate. Embryos were collected on Day 4 (Group I, control morulae) or
      Day 5 (Group II, control blastocysts) and were transferred into the oviduct or
      uterine horn of Day-4 pregnant recipient rats. On the transfer side of the
      recipients, the bursa had been peeled from around the ovary to prevent endogenous
      oocytes from entering the oviduct. For Group III, unmated donors were killed 65
      67 h after PMSG injection. Ovulated oocytes recovered from the oviducts were
      fertilized in vitro and transferred 16-18 h later. Embryos developing from in
      vitro fertilized (IVF) oocytes were recovered on Day 5, separated into morulae
      (Group IIIm) and blastocysts (Group IIIb) and transferred into Day-4 pregnant
      recipients similar to control embryos. Some embryos from each group were used to
      determine the mean number of cells/embryo. Embryo recipients were killed on Day
      20. After transfer, the development of IVF oocytes was retarded compared to
      control embryos. IVF morulae contained significantly fewer cells/embryo than did
      control morulae but were able to implant and grow to fetuses, in proportions
      similar to controls, if transferred into the oviduct of the recipients. These
      results suggest that the developmental potential of rat oocytes fertilized in
      vitro is limited due to asynchrony between the embryo and the uterine environment
      at the time of implantation, rather than possible defects incurred by the oocyte
      during the fertilization procedure.

PMID- 3411577
TI  - Turkey hen fertility and egg production after artificial insemination and
      multiple oviduct eversion during the pre-laying period.
AB  - The onset of egg production (mean 18.3 days after the onset of photostimulation)
      and the rate of egg production (flock averaged 4.9 eggs per bird per week for the
      first 8 weeks of egg production) were not affected by 5 days of twice daily
      oviduct eversion ('venting') in the pre-laying period when compared to unvented
      controls. After the onset of photostimulation, pre-laying hens were inseminated
      twice daily on Days 12 to 16 with 3 microliter semen containing 15 x 10(6)
      spermatozoa, and compared with groups of hens inseminated once daily on Days 15
      and 16 with 15 microliters semen containing 75 x 10(6) spermatozoa or 41
      microliter semen containing 200 x 10(6) spermatozoa. Fertility remained high for
      the first 5 weeks of egg production. However, by Week 6 the fertility of the hens
      receiving frequent low doses of semen dropped significantly below that of the
      others, which suggests that multiple inseminations with a low semen volume
      containing relatively low numbers of spermatozoa does not lead to an increase in
      the efficacy of sperm transport and storage in the oviduct.

PMID- 3411578
TI  - Mechanisms of precocious puberty induced in male rats by pituitary grafts.
AB  - Male rats were grafted on Day 21 of age with 'young' (21 days old) or 'adult' (90
      days old) pituitary glands and then treated daily with 4 mg bromocriptine/kg or
      vehicle. Plasma samples were obtained on Days 21, 25 and 35 and when balano
      preputial separation occurred. Both types of grafts advanced the age at which
      balano-preputial separation occurred and increased prolactin concentrations.
      Bromocriptine treatment reduced the prolactin values in both grafted groups, but
      did not block the advancement of puberty in rats treated with 'young' pituitary
      grafts. These results suggest the existence of two possible mechanisms in
      precocious puberty induced by pituitary grafts: one is prolactin-dependent (when
      'adult' pituitary glands were used) and the other not directly related to
      prolactin (when 'young' pituitary glands were used).

PMID- 3411579
TI  - Enhanced secretion of oxytocin from bovine granulosa cells treated with adrenal
      steroids.
AB  - Bovine granulosa cells were exposed in vitro to various adrenal steroids
      (cortisol, cortisone, corticosterone, aldosterone; 1 mumol/l), in the presence
      and absence of stimulation by ascorbic acid (0.5 mmol/l), to determine the
      possible effects of these hormones on ovarian oxytocin and progesterone
      secretion. Only cortisol produced a consistent stimulation of the cells; the
      response was dose-related over the range 0.01 to 1.0 mumol/l and was greatly
      enhanced in the presence of ascorbate. The secretion of oxytocin was stimulated
      to a greater extent and with more consistency than was that of progesterone.
      Although the secretion of oxytocin could be stimulated by cortisol on the day of
      treatment, the cells also showed a delayed and persistent response to exposure
      earlier in the culture. It is concluded that cortisol may directly stimulate the
      secretion of ovarian oxytocin in the cow and that granulosa cells may respond in
      such a way as to smooth out the effects of short-term fluctuations in cortisol
      concentration.

PMID- 3411581
TI  - Alterations in uterine epithelial tight junction structure during the oestrous
      cycle and implantation in the pig.
AB  - The structure of the pig uterine epithelium tight junction has been studied using
      freeze-fracture methods during oestrus and implantation. Compared with non
      pregnant non-cyclic pigs, in both pregnancy and during the cycle the number of
      intersections per unit area of the tight junction ridges increases to a maximum
      16 days after ovulation. There was no significant alteration in the depth or
      number of ridges in the tight junction band. The only significant difference
      between tight junctions in cyclic and pregnant pigs was a brief increase in the
      depth during the cycle (12-15 days after ovulation). The number of intersections
      is thought to be a far more important measure than depth in determining the
      permeability of the tight junction. It therefore seems unlikely that changes in
      tight junction structure play any direct role in the rescue of the corpus luteum
      or in establishing pregnancy but merely reflect the alterations in progesterone
      concentrations. However, the decrease in uterine permeability indicated by the
      increase in intersection frequency has been reported for other species and may
      reflect an important change in the uterine milieu in preparation for a possible
      pregnancy, apparently induced by alterations in progesterone concentration.

PMID- 3411582
TI  - AIDS and drug addiction needle exchange schemes: a step in the dark.

PMID- 3411580
TI  - RU 486 completely inhibits the action of progesterone on cell proliferation in
      the mouse uterus.
AB  - The antiprogestagen RU 486 completely inhibited the progesterone-induced switch
      in cell proliferation from the luminal and glandular epithelia to the stroma in
      response to oestradiol-17 beta. It also inhibited the progesterone-induced
      differentiation of the uterine epithelium. Since the proliferative switch of the
      uterus and the differentiation of the epithelium are prerequisites for
      implantation, these inhibitory actions may, in part, explain the ability of RU
      486 to prevent implantation. Furthermore, it also suggests that the proliferative
      response to oestradiol in the presence of progesterone may be a sensitive assay
      for compounds with anti-progestational activity.

PMID- 3411583
TI  - Which patients with arm oedema are helped by intermittent external pneumatic
      compression therapy.
AB  - Twenty-two breast cancer patients with arm oedema answered a questionnaire to
      assess the efficacy of intermittent pneumatic compression therapy. Ten patients
      found the treatment useful, 12 were disappointed. A number of factors were
      analysed to find out whether it is possible to predict the outcome of treatment.

PMID- 3411585
TI  - Unacceptable variation in the core diameters of some AO type cancellous screws.
AB  - This study assesses the variability in core diameter of a series of cancellous
      screws and its effect on torque strength. Analysis of a series of 107 cancellous
      screws revealed a wide variation of the core diameters in our sample. Tests to
      evaluate the effect of this variation showed that torsional strength is directly
      proportional to the cube of the radius of the core; a 30% reduction in radius
      resulting in a 70% loss in torsional strength. Conclusions drawn from this
      experimental data indicate that variability in core dimensions below the
      recommended specifications is unacceptable in clinical practice.

PMID- 3411584
TI  - Do we need to measure the vision of children?
AB  - With the advent of the acuity card procedure, it is now possible to measure
      quantitatively the vision of infants and young children in a routine clinical
      setting. Over a 19 month period 1177 tests were performed on 586 patients; ages
      ranged from 0.5 weeks to 23 years. Overall 1102 (93%) were successful, as were
      588 of the 627 (94%) tests performed on children under the age of two years when
      no conventional acuity test is possible. The results serve as a background on
      which the argument for and against the need to measure the vision of children is
      considered.

PMID- 3411586
TI  - The diagnosis and management of splenic artery aneurysms.
AB  - The presentation and course of 7 patients with splenic artery aneurysms is
      reviewed. Three presented with abdominal pain, 2 with collapse and rupture and in
      2 it was an incidental finding. Four patients had elective ligation-excision of
      the aneurysm with splenectomy as had one patient operated on as an emergency,
      with no operative mortality. The aneurysm size ranged from 20 to 45 mm (mean 30
      mm) and histology confirmed atheroma. One patient was managed as a myocardial
      infarct for 8 hours after admission and a ruptured splenic aneurysm was diagnosed
      at autopsy, an overall mortality of 14%. A 66-year-old woman in poor general
      health was managed expectantly and was asymptomatic when lost to follow-up after
      2 years.

PMID- 3411587
TI  - Early experience of intraoperative autotransfusion.
AB  - Intraoperative autotransfusion of whole blood was performed using the Solcotrans
      device in 45 patients undergoing major vascular surgery or other procedures in
      which there was a clean operative field. Overall, 60% of the blood shed during
      these operations was reinfused. Approximately 50% of patients avoided the
      potential complications of homologous transfusion. There were no complications
      attributable to the use of this device although in a sample of 13 patients, 30%
      of the erythrocytes were haemolysed and there were other minor haematological
      abnormalities. In conclusion this device provides a simple method of
      autotransfusing 2 or 3 litres of blood aspirated from an uncontaminated operative
      field.

PMID- 3411588
TI  - Preliminary report of a community survey of panic attacks and panic disorder.
AB  - This study looked at the prevalence of panic attacks and panic disorder in a
      British population. Three thousand people (aged 18-65) registered with a
      Leicester general practice were sent a postal questionnaire which screened for
      panic attacks. Where appropriate this was followed by a diagnostic interview.
      Preliminary results are reported for the first 1500 subjects sampled. Panic
      attacks are a common experience in the study population (7.5% of responders
      experienced them around the time of the interview). Panic disorder was diagnosed
      in about 3% of responders.

PMID- 3411590
TI  - Severe atopic eczema: response to oral cyclosporin A.

PMID- 3411589
TI  - Requirements and characteristics of 500 consecutive patients consulting an
      ophthalmic medical practitioner.
AB  - This paper reports the results of a prospective survey on 500 consecutive
      patients consulting an ophthalmic medical practitioner. The reason for
      consultation, and results of refraction and examination were analysed. The
      majority required only a refraction. One in 8 visits was for primary ophthalmic
      health care other than refraction. An abnormality of the visual system (other
      than refractive error) was present in 19% of patients. Five per cent required
      referral to their general practitioner.

PMID- 3411592
TI  - Electrocardiographic changes following bee-sting anaphylaxis.

PMID- 3411593
TI  - Calculus in a congenital recto-urethral fistula: a late presentation.

PMID- 3411591
TI  - Squamous cell carcinoma of the toe masquerading as osteomyelitis.

PMID- 3411594
TI  - The anion gap as a screening procedure for occult myeloma in the elderly.

PMID- 3411595
TI  - Smoking--a major cause of polycythemia.

PMID- 3411596
TI  - Platinum complexes with binding affinity for the estrogen receptor.
AB  - A number of (1,2-diaminoethane)dichloroplatinum(II) complexes, linked to
      dihydroxy-2-phenylindole by spacer groups of varying lengths, were synthesized
      and studied for their binding affinities for the calf uterine estrogen receptor.
      Best binding conditions were provided by the n-hexyl and the p-xylene group as
      spacer with RBA values of 6.5 (16c) and 4.4 (17c), respectively (17 beta
      estradiol: RBA = 100). These values are only slightly lower than those of the
      corresponding diaminoethane ligands.

PMID- 3411597
TI  - Cyclopentenylcytosine. A carbocyclic nucleoside with antitumor and antiviral
      properties.
AB  - Cyclopentenylcytosine (CPE-C, 2), a pyrimidine analogue of the fermentation
      derived carbocyclic nucleoside neplanocin A, has been synthesized from the
      optically active cyclopentenylamine 3b by two synthetic routes. CPE-C
      demonstrates significant antitumor activity against both the sensitive and ara-C
      resistant lines of L1210 leukemia in vivo. Multiple long term survivors are
      produced in both tumor models. The compound also gives 100% growth inhibition of
      the solid human A549 lung and MX-1 mammary tumor xenografts grown in athymic
      mice. Good activity is also observed against a third human tumor xenograft model,
      metastatic LOX melanoma. CPE-C has significant activity against both DNA and RNA
      viruses in vitro. Potent activity is observed against HSV-1 (TK+ and TK-), HSV-2,
      vaccinia, cytomegalovirus, and varicella-zoster virus. Good activity is also
      found against a strain of influenza virus (Hong Kong flu), vesicular stomatitis
      virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, and Punta Toro virus.

PMID- 3411598
TI  - Enantioselectivity of muscarinic antagonists. 2,2-Dicyclohexyl-5
      [(dimethylamino)methyl]-1,3-oxathiolane methiodides and related 3-oxides.
AB  - The enantiomers of three chiral muscarinic antagonists carrying a 1,3-oxathiolane
      nucleus were prepared and their absolute configuration established. The
      enantioselectivity and tissue selectivity of such compounds were studied on rat
      bladder and guinea pig ileum and heart. The results show that introduction of a
      sulfoxide function brings about a small but definite enantioselectivity in the
      1,3-oxathiolane compound (2), which in itself does not show enantioselectivity
      among the tissues studied. The results obtained point to differences among
      cardiac and ileal muscarinic receptors. Comparison of the absolute configuration
      related agonists shows that the most potent isomers of both series share the same
      absolute stereochemistry.

PMID- 3411600
TI  - Potential inhibitors of S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferases. 11.
      Molecular dissections of neplanocin A as potential inhibitors of S
      adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase.
AB  - A series of 9-(hydroxyalkenyl)purines (adenines and 3-deazaadenines), which are
      analogues of neplanocin A, were synthesized. The analogues were tested as
      inhibitors of bovine liver and murine L929 cell S-adenosyhomocysteine (AdoHcy)
      hydrolase (EC 3.3.1.1) and as inhibitors of vaccinia virus replication in murine
      L929 cells. Compounds 1b, 2a, 2b, 4a, 4b, 7, 9a, and 9b showed the best
      inhibitory effects toward bovine liver AdoHcy hydrolase, with compound 4b being
      the most potent. The compounds that were shown to be the most potent inhibitors
      of the bovine liver AdoHcy hydrolase all contained an allylic hydroxyl group in
      the cis position to the adenine or the 3-deazaadenine rings. It was concluded
      that the cis arrangement of the allylic hydroxyl groups in these acyclic
      compounds represented the minimum structural requirement of the
      trihydroxycyclopentenyl ring of neplanocin A to show inhibitory effects against
      AdoHcy hydrolase. The antiviral effects of these acyclic analogues were
      significantly less than neplanocin A; however, there appears to be a correlation
      between the antiviral activity and the inhibition of AdoHcy hydrolase for
      compounds 2a, 2b, 4a, 4b, and 7. Analogue 4b, which exhibited the best antiviral
      activity (IC50 = 70 microM) in this acyclic series, is substantially less potent
      than neplanocin A (IC50 = 0.08 microM) as an antiviral agent.

PMID- 3411599
TI  - Enantioselectivity of muscarinic antagonists. Isomeric 2-cyclohexyl-2-phenyl-5
      [(dimethylamino)methyl]-1,3-oxathiolane methiodides.
AB  - The four isomers of 2-cyclohexyl-2-phenyl-5-[(dimethylamino)methyl] -1,3
      oxathiolane methiodide were prepared. Their absolute configuration was attributed
      by means of X-ray crystallography and circular dichroism. The compounds were
      tested on rat bladder and guinea pig ileum and heart, and their antimuscarinic
      potency was evaluated and expressed as pA2. The results show that the
      introduction of a chiral center into position 2 brings about a small but definite
      enantioselectivity on rat bladder and guinea pig ileum which is not seen for
      guinea pig heart. This supports the view that differences exist among the
      muscarinic receptors of these tissues (M2 receptors). Comparison of the absolute
      configuration of the antagonists studied in this and in the preceding paper2 and
      that of strictly related agonists supports the hypothesis of a common binding
      site for agonists and antagonists of this kind.

PMID- 3411601
TI  - Optimizing of 2,3-diarylindenes as fluorescent estrogens: variation of the
      acceptor group, ortho substitution of the 2-ring, and C-1 methylation.
AB  - In an attempt to elucidate steric and electronic factors that affect the
      fluorescence and estrogen receptor binding properties of 2,3-diarylindenes, we
      have prepared and examined the behavior of 11 analogues bearing substituents on
      the 1-position or on the 2-aryl ring. These compounds were synthesized by
      alkylation of a 1,2-diarylethanone with 3-methoxybenzyl chloride, followed by
      cyclodehydration to the indene. The electronic spectra of those compounds without
      tau-electron accepting groups on the 2-aryl ring display the absorbance and
      fluorescence of a hindered stilbene system; those with nitro and cyano
      substituents on the 2-aryl ring show charge-transfer character, having a more
      bathochromic absorption and fluorescence. One bisphenolic nitroindene, in
      particular, shows a strong, long-wavelength absorption and an intense emission,
      with a large Stokes' shift that is highly sensitive to solvent polarity. Estrogen
      receptor binding affinity measurements on these compounds indicate that
      substituents that twist the pendant aryl rings (such as a 1-methyl group, or an o
      methyl or trifluoromethyl group on the 2-phenyl ring) increase binding affinity.
      Bulky (4-bromo) or electron-withdrawing groups (3- and 4-nitro, 4-cyano) on the 2
      phenyl group, or its replacement with a 3-pyridyl group, greatly reduce binding
      affinity, suggesting that the complementary region of the receptor is relatively
      intolerant of bulk and may have specific hydrogen-bonding requirements. This
      investigation of the concurrent effects of substituents on the fluorescence
      properties and receptor binding affinity of 2,3-diarylindenes should assist in
      the development of effective, inherently fluorescent ligands for the estrogen
      receptor.

PMID- 3411602
TI  - Nucleoside conjugates. 10. Synthesis and antitumor activity of 1-beta-D
      arabinofuranosylcytosine 5'-diphosphate-1,2-dipalmitins.
AB  - Three 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine 5'-diphosphate-1,2-dipalmitins from L-, D
      , and DL-alpha-dipalmitoylphosphatidic acids have been synthesized and their
      antitumor activity against two ara-C2 resistant L1210 lymphoid leukemia sublines
      in mice were evaluated. These new prodrugs of ara-C include ara-CDP-L-dipalmitin,
      ara-CDP-D-dipalmitin, and ara-CDP-DL-dipalmitin. The L and DL isomers produced
      significant increase in life span (greater than 400%) and four to five long-term
      survivors (greater than 45 days) out of six animals bearing ip implanted
      partially ara-C resistant L1210 subline [L1210/ara-C (I)], while the D isomer
      displayed a marginal activity (ILS 100-121%). In contrast, the L isomer was
      completely ineffective against deoxycytidine kinase deficient ara-C resistant
      L1210 subline [L1210/ara-C (II)]. However, the results demonstrate that the L and
      DL isomers of ara-CDP-dipalmitin are promising new prodrugs of ara-C with
      improved efficacy.

PMID- 3411603
TI  - Arylformamidines with antinociceptive properties.
AB  - A series of formamidines structurally related to clonidine were synthesized and
      investigated as potential nonopiate analgesics. Several of these compounds showed
      potent analgesic activity (ED50 on HCl writhing less than 1.0 mg/kg) with low
      potential for hypotensive effects. A qualitative description of the structure
      activity relationship of this series reveals that the 2,4- and 2,6-dimethylphenyl
      compounds are more potent analgesics than are the corresponding dichlorophenyl
      compounds.

PMID- 3411604
TI  - Application of the Cavalieri principle and vertical sections method to lung:
      estimation of volume and pleural surface area.
AB  - A practical methodology is proposed for the stereological analysis of lung and
      other organs using recently developed unbiased procedures. This study
      concentrates on the unbiased estimation of lung volume using Cavalieri's
      principle compared with the fluid displacement method and measurement of pleural
      surface area using vertical sections. Furthermore, the proposed design, in
      addition to the sampling of extensive slices for the initial steps, also allows
      sampling of vertical sections for light and electron-microscopical stereology.
      The procedures are described in detail by reference to biological data from the
      right lungs of four rabbits. We found excellent agreement between estimates of
      lung volume measured with Cavalieri's principle and those measured by fluid
      displacement. Pertinent details of the statistical analysis of the sources of
      variation (namely biological, systematic sectioning and point-counting variation)
      are given in an appendix.

PMID- 3411605
TI  - A simple technique for in situ embedding of monolayer cultures in Lowicryl K4M.
AB  - A number of difficulties are encountered in embedding monolayer cultures at low
      temperature in Lowicryl K4M resin. In this paper we present a simple procedure
      using Lab-Tek Flaskettes in which fixation, processing and embedding of monolayer
      cultures can readily be achieved.

PMID- 3411606
TI  - Structure of chick chromosomal genes for calbindin and calretinin.
AB  - The chick chromosomal gene for calbindin (the 28,000 Mr intestinal calcium
      binding protein) was cloned, and all the exons and flanking regions were
      sequenced. The promoter region contains typical ATAAA and GGGCGG boxes, the
      latter being unusual in "non-housekeeping" genes. Three polyadenylation signals
      are found in the calbindin gene that correspond to the three known mRNAs.
      Transcription termination is not efficient because homology with consensus
      sequences found downstream from the polyadenylation signal is weak. There are ten
      introns, most of which do not fall at homologous positions, neither with respect
      to the sixfold repeating structure of the calbindin protein, nor with respect to
      previously sequenced genes for calmodulin and other calcium-binding proteins. The
      gene for the related protein calretinin was cloned and partially sequenced. The
      introns are in the same positions in the calretinin and calbindin genes. The
      introns have apparently been inserted during the divergence of the calcium
      binding protein superfamily.

PMID- 3411607
TI  - Terminal repeats in long repeat arrays are likely to reflect the early evolution
      of Balbiani ring genes.
AB  - Balbiani ring (BR) genes in Chironomus tentans are 35 to 40 kb (1 kb = 10(3)
      bases or basepairs) in length and encode secretory proteins of exceptional size.
      Each gene contains a large homogeneous core block consisting of approximately 100
      tandemly arranged, highly homologous repeat units. The repeat unit has a constant
      (C) region and a subrepeat (SR) region. The various BR genes exhibit similar C
      regions, while the SR regions differ as to sequence, length and number of
      subrepeats. To study early steps in the evolution of the coding repeat arrays of
      the BR genes we have analyzed the 3' ends of the four BR genes in C. tentans:
      BR1, BR2.1, BR2.2 and BR6. In each gene the very end of the core block consists
      of two or three repeat unit variants; in each variant repeat the C region is
      linked to a Cys region, replacing the SR region. Sequence comparisons between the
      C regions of the closely related BR1 and BR2 genes show that during evolution the
      terminal repeat unit variants have to a large extent been isolated from the
      remainder of the core block and have probably been more conserved than the
      interior repeat units. Detailed analysis of the structure of the variant repeat
      units further supports this latter notion and suggests that the BR core blocks
      have evolved from an array of a simple 36 base-pair long sequence; larger, more
      complex repeat units containing subrepeats were gradually formed and spread in
      the block, mainly by homologous unequal recombination events. During this
      evolution the interior of the core blocks evolved as a homogeneous repetitive
      structure, while ancestor repeat units remained as sequence relicts in the
      terminal parts.

PMID- 3411608
TI  - Mini-myoglobin. The structural significance of haem-ligand interactions.
AB  - The properties of purified mini-myoglobin, the fragment 32-139 of horse heart
      myoglobin reconstituted with protohaem, have been investigated from a structural
      and functional view point. The recovery of secondary structure observed in the
      carbon monoxide derivative of mini-myoglobin, as shown by circular dichroism, and
      the overall similarity of the haem pocket to that of myoglobin, as deduced from
      the fluorescence properties of the complex with 1-anilino-8-naphthalene
      sulphonate, indicate that, in the presence of the constraints imposed by the haem
      and its ligands, the miniprotein reacquires a conformation close to that of
      native myoglobin. These spectroscopic data parallel the conclusions drawn from
      the results of ligand combination and dissociation kinetics; stopped-flow
      experiments indicate that carbon monoxide and oxygen bind to mini-myoglobin with
      rates almost identical with those of myoglobin itself. The significance of mini
      myoglobin as a model of an oxygen-carrying protein, with some of the expected
      functional characteristics of an ancestor haemoprotein, is discussed, with
      reference to the mosaic structure of the myoglobin gene and the role of different
      exons in the evolution of proteins.

PMID- 3411609
TI  - Secondary structure of filamentous bacteriophage coat protein is preserved in
      lipid environments.
AB  - 1H nuclear magnetic resonance experiments have shown that the amide hydrogens of
      residues 30 to 40 of bacteriophage Pf1 coat protein in micelles undergo very slow
      exchange with solvent deuterons. The amide 1H resonances from these residues were
      used to monitor the structural stability of the membrane-spanning helix of the
      coat protein during the transition of the coat protein from its structural form,
      in the virus particle, to the membrane-bound form, in micelles. The helix was
      found to remain folded on the 10(-3) second time-scale of the experiment, which
      indicates that no major disruption or rearrangement of the central part of the
      protein structure occurs during the process of coat protein solubilization by
      detergent. The results also suggest that a helical peptide can associate with
      lipids without reorganization of its secondary structure. However, a general
      model for the insertion of proteins into membranes cannot be established from
      these results, because the mechanism of the detergent solubilization process may
      differ somewhat from that of the membrane insertion process.

PMID- 3411610
TI  - Phospholipid reorganization and bilayer destabilization during myocardial
      ischemia and reperfusion: a hypothesis.
AB  - The ultrastructure of myocardial tissue was studied during ischemia and
      reperfusion and during reperfusion with a calcium-containing solution after a
      short period of calcium-free perfusion (calcium paradox). After ischemia an
      aggregation of the sarcolemmal intramembranous particles was observed. Subsequent
      reperfusion resulted in further aggregation of the intramembranous particles and
      disruption of the sarcolemma, which was attended with the formation and extrusion
      of multilamellar, lipidic structures. Similar ultrastructural changes of the
      sarcolemma were observed during the calcium paradox. Our hypothesis is that these
      changes are a result of lateral phase separation of the membrane phospholipids
      and destabilization of the lipid bilayer. This reorganization of phospholipids
      may be induced by a decrease of the intracellular pH during ischemia, and an
      increase of the intracellular calcium content during reperfusion after ischemia
      and during calcium repletion after calcium-free perfusion. These ultrastructural
      changes of the sarcolemma are, in our view, a consequence of the physiochemical
      behaviour of the sarcolemmal phospholipids.

PMID- 3411611
TI  - Metabolic changes during post-ischaemic reperfusion.
AB  - We attempted to identify the nature and time-course of metabolic changes
      occurring during ischaemia followed by reperfusion either in coronary artery
      disease patients undergoing intracoronary thrombolysis or in isolated and
      perfused rabbit hearts. Arterial and coronary sinus differences for oxygen,
      lactate, glucose, free fatty acid and creatine kinase were measured in patients
      undergoing successful intracoronary thrombolysis of left anterior descending
      occlusion. Early reperfusion (after 160 mins of ischaemia) restored aerobic
      metabolism and myocardial contractility. In contrast, reperfusion after more
      prolonged ischaemia (335 mins) did not restore mitochondrial function or
      contractile activity of the myocytes. Results obtained using isolated and
      perfused rabbit hearts also confirm that the likelihood of recovery during
      reperfusion depends on the rapidity of recanalization. Furthermore the data
      reported indicate that on reperfusion after prolonged ischaemia (90 mins) cell
      damage occurs, leading to a breakdown of the permeability barrier to ions and to
      larger molecules such as creatine phosphokinase. As a consequence, reperfusion
      produces a large increase of intracellular calcium, whilst the intracellular
      magnesium content is severely reduced. Under these conditions, with the observed
      loss of magnesium from the cell, mitochondrial calcium transport is highly
      stimulated and the equilibrium between ATP synthesis and calcium influx is
      shifted towards calcium influx. This sequence of events leads to mitochondrial
      calcium overload with subsequent damage of mitochondrial structure and loss of
      the ability to synthesize ATP. Reperfusion of the isolated rabbit hearts with
      solutions containing high magnesium and low calcium for 10 mins reduced
      mitochondrial calcium overload. This, in turn, resulted in maintenance of ATP
      synthesis and, on return to normal perfusate, in partial recovery of developed
      pressure and myocardial ATP content. These findings may be of importance in the
      restoration of blood flow to ischaemic heart muscle during thrombolysis.

PMID- 3411612
TI  - Importance of early recanalization of the occluded coronary artery in acute
      myocardial infarction for preservation of left ventricular function.
AB  - Ninety-two patients with acute myocardial infarction, treated with intracoronary
      thrombolysis within 3 h from the onset of ischemic symptoms, were studied with
      coronary arteriography and left ventriculography. These examinations were
      repeated after 2 to 4 weeks to assess the importance of duration of ischemia on
      recovery of regional and global left ventricular pump function. Patency was
      achieved acutely and maintained at control angiography in 73 patients (87%), who
      were subdivided into three groups according to duration of ischemia before
      reperfusion: group 1 (29 patients): revascularized within 3 h; group 2 (22
      patients): revascularized between 3 and 4 h; group 3 (22 patients):
      revascularized after 4 h. Patency was acutely achieved, but not maintained at
      control angiography in 11 patients (group 4), while thrombolysis was unsuccessful
      in eight patients (group 5). In group 1 there was a significant reduction in the
      number of hypokinetic segments (P less than 0.001) and a significant increase in
      mean percentual area change of hypokinetic segments (P less than 0.001) and in
      global ejection fraction (P less than 0.001). A still significant, but less
      evident improvement in these parameters was also seen in group 2 (P less than
      0.05, P less than 0.01, P less than 0.01 respectively). Insignificant changes,
      with only occasional improvements were observed on group 3, while a tendency
      toward deterioration was found in group 4. A clear and significant (P less than
      0.001) worsening of local and global ventricular function was detected in group
      5. Our results indicate a significant inverse relationship between duration of
      ischemia and left ventricular functional improvement. Particularly, the first 3
      to 4 h after onset of ischemic symptoms are critical for preservation of left
      ventricular function (group 1 and 2). Reperfusion after 4 h (group 3) is only
      rarely associated with improvement of ventricular motion. The importance of very
      early pharmacological thrombolysis and of maintenance of coronary patency is
      stressed.

PMID- 3411613
TI  - Sodium exchange during hypoxia and on reoxygenation in the isolated rabbit heart.
AB  - Sodium exchange was examined during and after a period of hypoxic and substrate
      free perfusion in the isolated but arterially perfused interventricular septum of
      the rabbit heart. Temperature was 35 degrees C and muscles were stimulated at a
      mean rate of 90 beats/min. The uptake and washout of isotopes of sodium were
      followed during hypoxia and on reoxygenation. The extracellular space was
      estimated from the distribution volume of 51Cr-EDTA. During 45 mins hypoxia the
      intracellular sodium increased from 9.6 +/- 1.1 to 22.6 +/- 1.9 mmol/kg wet
      tissue. At this time maximal contracture had developed and recovery of mechanical
      function on reoxygenation was small. No increased efflux of sodium could be
      detected on reoxygenation. A net efflux of sodium could be detected when
      conditions were chosen to stimulate sodium--calcium exchange. These experiments
      do not support the hypothesis that the previously reported influx of calcium on
      reoxygenation is directly linked to a net loss of sodium.

PMID- 3411614
TI  - Advantages and limits of intravenous thrombolysis.

PMID- 3411615
TI  - Inhibition of myocardial lipase by palmityl CoA.
AB  - The lipase activity of the adult rat heart consists of at least two components; a
      lipoprotein lipase and a "hormone-sensitive" or triglyceride lipase. The control
      of the triglyceride lipase by intermediates of lipid metabolism was studied in
      rat heart homogenates. Perfusion of hearts with fatty acids, glucose or no
      exogenous substrate did not alter lipase activity. Bovine serum albumin (BSA)
      stimulated the in vitro lipase activity whereas palmityl-coenzyme A (CoA) was a
      potent inhibitor. Other fatty acid intermediates such as acetyl-CoA, acetyl
      carnitine, palmityl-carnitine and palmitate had little or no effect. Long-chain
      acyl CoA may be an important intermediate for matching triglyceride hydrolysis
      with the supply of extracellular fatty acids and the rates of fatty acid
      oxidation.

PMID- 3411617
TI  - An international symposium on the mammalian myocardium. Biochemical and
      physiological mechanisms underlying the heart beat. Leeds, England, 24-27 July,
      1988. Abstracts.

PMID- 3411616
TI  - Calcium-mediated damage during post-ischaemic reperfusion.
AB  - Ca2+ gain during reperfusion after an ischaemic episode may be of primary
      importance in the development of cell death and tissue necrosis. These studies
      were undertaken to examine the possibility of modifying Ca2+ gain by introducing
      interventions only upon reperfusion. Electron microscopy did not reveal the
      presence of holes in the sarcolemma prior to reperfusion, indicating that Ca2+
      entry at the moment of reperfusion is not through rents in the sarcolemma.
      Reperfusion with acidotic buffer (pH 6.4 or 6.6) after 60 min ischaemia
      attenuated Ca2+ gain. However, this attenuation persisted only as long as the
      acidotic conditions were maintained. Conversely, reperfusion under alkalotic
      conditions (pH 7.9) exacerbated Ca2+ gain. Reperfusion with hypoxic buffer after
      60 min ischaemia did not alter Ca2+ gain, but readmission of oxygen after a
      period of hypoxic post-ischaemic reperfusion triggered a further gain in Ca2+.
      Addition of 5 microM nifedipine to the reperfusion medium slowed Ca2+ gain, while
      1 microM Bay K 8644, a calcium agonist, enhanced the gain at early times of
      reperfusion. Addition of 20 microM W-7, a calmodulin antagonist, to the
      reperfusion medium had no effect on post-ischaemic Ca2+ gain. Therefore, we have
      shown that it is possible to alter post-ischaemic Ca2+ gain by introducing
      interventions only upon reperfusion. However, Ca2+ gain could only be delayed,
      rather than prevented and ultimately no long-term protection was achieved. These
      results indicate that post-ischaemic Ca2+ gain is highly pH-sensitive and that
      entry of Ca2+ through voltage-activated slow channels may contribute to the early
      gain.

PMID- 3411619
TI  - Adjuvant therapy of node-negative breast cancer: another point of view.

PMID- 3411618
TI  - Recombinant human tumor necrosis factor administered as a 24-hour intravenous
      infusion. A phase I and pharmacologic study.
AB  - Recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (rH-TNF) is a cytokine with direct
      antitumor properties. In a phase I trial we continuously infused rH-TNF for 24
      hours. We gave a total of 115 courses of therapy to 50 patients. Doses ranged
      from 4.5 to 645 micrograms of rH-TNF/m2. Systemic toxicity, including fever,
      chills, fatigue, and hypotension, increased with the dose of rH-TNF administered.
      Doses greater than 454 micrograms/m2 frequently caused severe lethargy and
      fatigue, which precluded hospital discharge of the patient at the completion of
      therapy. The dose-limiting toxicity was hypotension, and five patients treated at
      the two highest dose levels required dopamine treatment. Other organ-specific
      toxicity was modest and spontaneously resolved after 48 hours. The 24-hour
      infusions of rH-TNF were associated with significant decreases in serum
      cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein levels. Pharmacokinetic studies using an
      enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay demonstrated peak plasma rH-TNF levels of 90
      900 pg/mL. Despite continuous infusion of rH-TNF, no steady-state level was
      achieved. The recommended phase II dose for rH-TNF as a 24-hour continuous
      infusion is 545 micrograms/m2.

PMID- 3411620
TI  - Changing incidence of breast cancer.

PMID- 3411621
TI  - Lactic acidosis in lymphoma: prompt resolution of acidosis with therapy directed
      at the lymphoma.

PMID- 3411622
TI  - What's in a name--neoadjuvant.

PMID- 3411623
TI  - Quantitative assay for evaluating immunocompetence and DNA repair capacity.
AB  - Incorporation of radioactive thymidine into newly synthesized DNA is the basis of
      an assay frequently used to study immunosuppression in cancer patients. It has
      also been used to measure the amount of excision repair performed by non
      replicating cells damaged by carcinogens. For human lymphocytes (and probably
      other cell types), these assays are unreliable as they are currently being
      performed. We report a modified assay that allows accurate comparisons of the
      immunocompetence and DNA repair capacity of different individuals. With this
      assay, cells can be studied in their autologous plasma and the role of biological
      response modifiers can be assessed.

PMID- 3411624
TI  - Intraperitoneal chemotherapy with cisplatin and melphalan.
AB  - Cisplatin and melphalan given ip exert a synergistic therapeutic effect against
      ascitic P388 leukemia in mice and have different dose-limiting toxic effects as
      well as favorable pharmacokinetic characteristics in ip phase I studies. We gave
      a total of 98 courses of cisplatin (escalated from 40 to 120 mg/m2) and melphalan
      (escalated from 12 to 30 mg/m2) to 30 patients with ip tumors, most of whom had
      residual ovarian cancer following iv cisplatin-containing regimens. Treatment was
      delivered in 2 L of 0.9% NaCl through a Tenckhoff catheter with or without a Port
      a-Cath system every 28 days for one to nine cycles. Myelosuppression was dose
      related and leukopenia was dose-limiting. The maximum tolerated dose was 120 mg
      of cisplatin/m2 and 20 mg of melphalan/m2. With the exception of treatment
      induced nausea and vomiting, nonhematologic toxic effects were mild and no (or
      very little) local toxicity occurred. Pharmacokinetic analyses showed that the
      areas under the peritoneal concentration versus time curve averaged 16-fold and
      17-fold more than the area under the plasma curve for cisplatin and melphalan,
      respectively. Objective responses were documented by third-look laparotomy in
      ovarian cancer patients with minimal (less than 2 cm) residual disease.

PMID- 3411625
TI  - Analysis of breast cancer mortality and stage distribution by age for the Health
      Insurance Plan clinical trial.
AB  - The Health Insurance Plan (HIP) of Greater New York conducted a clinical trial to
      determine if screening for breast cancer with mammography and clinical
      examination would decrease breast cancer mortality. The extent of disease at
      diagnosis among breast cancers detected by screening and the effect of screening
      on breast cancer mortality have been evaluated in the cohort of all HIP women
      diagnosed with breast cancer within 6 years of entry into the trial and followed
      at least 18 years after trial entry. Six years was the earliest time at which the
      number of cases diagnosed in the control group was equal to the number of cases
      diagnosed in the study group. In the cohorts of women 40-49 and 50-64 years of
      age at entry, shifts were significant to lower stages for screen-detected cases.
      As a result, the study group women in each age cohort had significantly lower
      breast cancer mortality than control group women when statistical analyses were
      restricted to data from cases only. In the 40-49 age-at-entry cohort, the reduced
      breast cancer mortality in the study group appears to result from lower mortality
      in stage I cases as well as from earlier case detection, and this may explain
      differences between the two age-at-entry cohorts in the length of follow-up time
      required to demonstrate a mortality reduction due to screening.

PMID- 3411626
TI  - Thyroid cancer after diagnostic doses of iodine-131: a retrospective cohort
      study.
AB  - The incidence of thyroid cancer was evaluated in 35,074 patients examined for
      suspected thyroid disorders between 1951 and 1969 with an average of 1.92
      megabecquerel [(MBq) 52 microCi] of 131I. The radiation dose to the thyroid gland
      was, on the average, approximately 0.5 Gy. The mean age at the time of
      examination was 44 years; 5% were under age 20. Patients were followed for an
      average of 20 years. Record linkage with the Swedish Cancer Register identified
      50 thyroid cancers occurring 5 years or more after the initial 131I examination,
      in contrast to 39.4 expected based on general population rates [standardized
      incidence ratio (SIR) = 1.27, 95% confidence interval = 0.94-1.67]. Risk was
      highest among males (SIR = 2.70, n = 10), patients followed 5-9 years (SIR =
      2.22, n = 23), and patients receiving more than 74 microCi or 2.74 MBq of 131I
      (SIR = 2.04, n = 17). However, these observations were confounded by the fact
      that patients examined for a suspected thyroid tumor received the highest 131I
      exposures and were at highest overall risk (SIR = 2.77, n = 34). Patients given
      131I for reasons other than a suspected tumor were not at increased risk (SIR =
      0.62, n = 16). Patients anticipated to be at highest risk, i.e., women (SIR =
      1.12, n = 40) and those observed for 10 years or more (SIR = 0.93, n = 27),
      showed no evidence of a dose response. Overall, these data provide little proof
      that 131I is carcinogenic in humans and support the notion that the carcinogenic
      potential of internal 131I beta particles might be as low as four times less than
      external x rays or gamma rays.

PMID- 3411627
TI  - Low androgen levels induce the development of androgen-hypersensitive cell clones
      in Shionogi mouse mammary carcinoma cells in culture.
AB  - The influence of the concentration of androgen present on the development of
      heterogeneous growth responsiveness to androgens was studied in an androgen
      sensitive clone (SEM-1) of the Shionogi mammary carcinoma cell line incubated for
      up to 6 months in the presence of 0, 0.01, 0.3, or 100 nM dihydrotestosterone
      (DHT). In the absence of added androgen, there was a rapid increase in
      spontaneous cell growth, the increase being delayed by 2, 4, and 6 months when
      the cells were incubated with 0.01, 0.3, and 100 nM DHT, respectively.
      Conversely, the mitogenic effect of DHT decreased rapidly when originally
      androgen-sensitive cells were incubated with less than maximal concentrations of
      DHT. The most significant finding was the marked heterogeneity in the androgen
      sensitivity of the clones obtained after incubation for 2 months in the presence
      of less than maximal concentrations of DHT. In cells exposed to a maximal
      concentration of DHT (100 nM), only 2 of 22 clones were more sensitive to DHT
      (lower Km value) than the original clone, while 8 subclones were hyposensitive to
      DHT. On the other hand, when the cells were incubated for 2 months with a low
      (0.3 nM) concentration of DHT, 29% (7 of 24) of the clones were hypersensitive to
      DHT. Clones derived from cells treated with 0 or 0.1 nM DHT lost most of their
      responsiveness to DHT during the same time interval, with a simultaneous increase
      in spontaneous growth rate. The present data show that incubation of a clone of
      androgen-sensitive Shionogi carcinoma cells in the presence of a low DHT
      concentration, comparable to the circulating levels of DHT in castrated men,
      induces the development of androgen-hypersensitive cell clones that are able to
      grow on minute amounts of androgens. Such androgen-hypersensitive cells are
      likely to be unresponsive or resistant to antihormonal therapy. The present data
      emphasize the major importance of the hormonal environment on the maintenance,
      loss, and increase of tumor cell responsiveness to androgens.

PMID- 3411628
TI  - Detection of antigens associated with Epstein-Barr virus replication in extracts
      from biopsy specimens of nasopharyngeal carcinomas.
AB  - By using monoclonal antibodies to different Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) polypeptides
      in combination with immunoblotting, we detected antigens associated with EBV
      replication in extracts from nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) biopsy specimens.
      Major polypeptides associated with both the diffuse and the restricted components
      of the early antigen (EA) complex were found in extracts from nine of nine NPC
      biopsy specimens. Cells from an additional NPC biopsy specimen, passaged
      repeatedly in nude mice, were found to be positive for the major EA (restricted)
      polypeptide. This approach revealed that extracts from three of 14 biopsy
      specimens form other benign and malignant diseases also expressed these viral
      polypeptides. Therefore, for the first time, these results conclusively
      demonstrate the presence of EA polypeptides in extracts from NPC biopsy
      specimens. This finding provides at least a partial explanation for the reported
      prognostic value of antibodies to this antigen in patients with this disease.

PMID- 3411629
TI  - MOF as control arm for NSABP adjuvant chemotherapy trial.

PMID- 3411630
TI  - Effects of phenytoin, ketamine, and atropine methyl nitrate in preventing
      neuromuscular toxicity of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors soman and
      diisopropylphosphorofluoridate.
AB  - Toxic manifestations of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChE-I) include muscle
      twitching and muscle fiber necrosis, in addition to muscarinic manifestations of
      acetylcholine excess. The AChE-Is pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate (soman) or
      diisopropylphosphorofluoridate (DFP) were administered to rats to produce
      spontaneous muscle fiber discharges. Soman produced discharges that arose
      primarily from the central nervous system (CNS), while those due to DFP were
      generated from the peripheral nerves as well as the CNS. Three drugs were tested
      for their potential to reduce muscle fiber discharges: atropine methyl nitrate
      (AMN), ketamine, and phenytoin. Ketamine caused a significant decrease in
      discharges of CNS origin, while AMN and phenytoin had no effect. For muscle fiber
      discharges of peripheral origin, all three drugs produced a significant drop in
      muscle fiber discharges, but phenytoin showed slightly more efficacy than the
      others. AChE-I-induced muscle hyperactivity arises from actions on the CNS and on
      the peripheral nerve in varying proportions for different AChE-Is. Treatment for
      the toxicity of AChE-Is on muscle may be accomplished by administering drugs with
      distinctive pharmacological actions at target sites in the CNS and peripheral
      nervous system (PNS) where AChE-Is exert their effects. By attenuating the
      effects of AChE-Is at specific CNS or PNS sites, the neuromuscular toxicity can
      be reduced in a manner specific to the characteristic sites of toxicity of each
      AChE-I.

PMID- 3411631
TI  - Effect of prenatal and neonatal exposure to lead on the affinity and number of
      estradiol receptors in the uterus.
AB  - Female Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with lead chloride (20 ppm or 200 ppm Pb)
      or sodium chloride (controls) in their drinking water. Three treatment regimens
      were employed: (I) rats were treated prior to mating and uteri were removed from
      21-d-old offspring, (II) treatments were begun when females were in d 7 of
      pregnancy and continued on the dams until the pups were 21 d old, and half of
      these offspring were continued on the Pb treatments and half on saline, with
      uteri removed during diestrus when female offspring were approximately 150 d old;
      (III) female rats were treated from d 21 to d 35 and then uteri were removed.
      Estradiol-receptor binding and affinity were determined on the uterine tissues.
      Treatment with lead prior to mating (group I) resulted in a significant increase
      in estradiol-receptor affinity (Ka) in 21-d-old offspring without a change in
      estradiol receptor number (N). Treatment from d 7 of pregnancy until weaning of
      the pups resulted in approximately 35% decrease (p less than 0.05) in estradiol
      receptors per milligram uterine protein when these offspring reached 150 d of age
      (group II). Similarly, treatment with Pb from d 21 until d 35 or until d 150
      resulted in a significant decrease in uterine estradiol receptor number at 35 and
      150 d, respectively, while the Ka was significantly (p less than 0.01) increased
      by the exposure to Pb. The results demonstrate that prenatal and/or postnatal
      exposure to Pb alters the number and affinity of estradiol receptors in the
      prepubertal and adult rat uterus.

PMID- 3411632
TI  - Embryotoxic and teratogenic effects of selenium in the diet of mallards.
AB  - Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) were fed a control diet, diets containing 1, 5, 10,
      or 25 ppm Se as sodium selenite, or a diet containing 10 ppm Se as seleno-DL
      methionine in the first of two experiments. Selenium at 10 ppm as
      selenomethionine or 25 ppm as sodium selenite caused a 40-44% decrease in the
      total number of eggs that hatched compared to controls. Selenium at 25 ppm
      (sodium selenite) resulted in a 19% decrease in mean embryonic weight at 18 d of
      incubation, accompanied by a 6% decrease in crown-rump length. Ten parts per
      million Se as selenomethionine was more teratogenic than sodium selenite at 25
      ppm. Selenomethionine (10 ppm Se) resulted in an incidence of 13.1% malformations
      that were often multiple, whereas sodium selenite (10 and 25 ppm Se) resulted in
      3.6 and 4.2% malformations. The teratogenicity of selenomethionine was confirmed
      in a second experiment in which mallards received 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 ppm Se as
      selenomethionine, resulting in 0.9, 0.5, 1.4, 6.8, and 67.9% malformations,
      respectively. These malformations included hydrocephaly, microphthalmia, lower
      bill defects, and foot defects with ectrodactyly. Both forms of selenium
      increased the incidence of edema and stunted embryonic growth. Selenomethionine
      (10 ppm Se) resulted in a significant increase of approximately 40% in plasma
      glutathione peroxidase activity and a 70% increase in sorbitol dehydrogenase
      activity (indicative of hepatotoxicity) in hatchlings. Sodium selenite (25 ppm
      Se) resulted in fourfold elevation in plasma uric acid concentration, indicative
      of renal alteration. Selenomethionine accumulated much better in eggs than did
      sodium selenite. These findings indicate that selenomethionine is considerably
      more teratogenic and generally more embryotoxic than sodium selenite, probably
      due to higher uptake of selenomethionine.

PMID- 3411633
TI  - Effect of thyroxine supplementation on the response to perfluoro-n-decanoic acid
      (PFDA) in rats.
AB  - The effects of thyroxine (T4) supplementation on perfluoro-n-decanoic acid-
      (PFDA) induced decreases in food consumption, body weight, and body temperature
      were examined. A dose-response study was carried out with 50-, 100-, 200-, or 250
      micrograms/kg ip doses of T4 for 7 d prior to PFDA administration, and daily
      dosing with T4 was continued for an additional 30 d. From this study a T4 dose of
      200 micrograms/kg was chosen, and subsequent experiments were conducted with this
      dose. Supplementation with T4 at 200 micrograms/kg daily alleviated the
      hypophagia but not the severe weight loss and hypothermia produced by PFDA
      treatment. Our results suggest that some component of the thyroid axis plays a
      role in feeding behavior. In addition, the PFDA-induced wasting syndrome and
      hypothermia appear to be unrelated to changes in serum thyroid hormones. The
      unexpected observation that severe weight loss occurred in the presence of
      essentially normal food intake suggests that PFDA alters basic cellular metabolic
      processes.

PMID- 3411634
TI  - A CASE-SAR study of mammalian hepatic azoreduction.
AB  - A group of 36 aryl azo dyes were examined for their ability to be reduced by rat
      liver microsomal azoreductase. This group of azo dyes featured a variety of
      substituents, including sulfonic acid, phenol, nitro, amide, and methyl
      functionalities on phenyl, alpha-naphthyl, and beta-naphthyl rings. Reduction
      rates for each dye were obtained using a spectrophotometric method and anaerobic
      incubation conditions. These rates ranged from 0 to 7.35 nmol dye reduced/min.mg
      protein. The reduction rates and dye structures provided the data for a CASE-SAR
      (computer automated structure evaluation-structure-activity relationship)
      fragment analysis, and three major structure fragments associated with the
      ability of this group of azo dyes to be reduced were identified. The three CASE
      fragments correctly label 92% of the azo dye structures as active or inactive and
      may be useful in future predictions of the ability of azo dyes to undergo
      reduction by rat liver azoreductase.

PMID- 3411635
TI  - Qualitative and quantitative changes in cytochrome P-450-dependent xenobiotic
      metabolism in pulmonary microsomes and isolated Clara cell populations derived
      from ozone-exposed rats.
AB  - The effect of a prolonged ozone exposure (1.6 mg ozone/m3; 7 d; 24 h/d) on
      pulmonary cytochrome P-450-dependent xenobiotic metabolism was studied both in
      whole rat lung as well as in isolated bronchiolar Clara cell preparations. Ozone
      exposure was demonstrated to result in significant quantitative but also
      qualitative changes. All components of the pulmonary microsomal electron
      transport system appeared to be significantly increased in the lungs of exposed
      animals both per lung and per gram lung, although increases were no longer
      observed when expressed per milligram microsomal lung protein. Remarkably, it was
      demonstrated that the increases in the components of the pulmonary cytochrome P
      450 system were not accompanied by a concomitant increase in all cytochrome P-450
      dependent substrate conversions. In whole-lung microsomes ethoxycoumarin O
      deethylase and ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase activities were unchanged or even
      significantly reduced when expressed per lung, per gram lung, per milligram
      microsomal protein, or per picomole cytochrome P-450. In contrast to these
      observations, pentoxyresorufin O-dealkylation appeared to be significantly
      increased upon ozone exposure when expressed per lung, per gram lung, and even
      per picomole cytochrome P-450. Clara cell populations isolated from ozone exposed
      rats showed a comparable qualitative shift in cytochrome P-450-dependent
      substrate conversion characteristics. On a cellular basis, ozone exposure
      resulted in a significant reduction of ethoxycoumarin and ethoxyresorufin O
      deethylation and did not affect pentoxyresorufin O-dealkylase activity.
      Additional experiments, in which ozone-mediated inactivation of microsomal
      cytochrome P-450-dependent substrate metabolism was studied in vitro,
      demonstrated that the qualitative changes observed after in vivo exposure cannot
      be ascribed to a disproportional inactivation of different cytochrome P-450
      isoenzymes. Based on these results and on lung morphometrics and cell isolation
      data presented, the observed effects should rather be ascribed to (1) the
      proliferation of cytochrome P-450 containing cell populations and (2) intrinsic
      cellular biochemical changes. The quantitative and qualitative ozone-induced
      changes in pulmonary cytochrome P-450-linked enzyme characteristics in whole lung
      and within specific lung cells, as demonstrated in the present study, may be
      expected to have important implications for the toxicity of xenobiotics whose
      (de)toxification depends on pulmonary cytochrome P-450-dependent metabolism.

PMID- 3411636
TI  - Chemical characterization of a polar portion in the neutral fraction derived from
      airborne particulate extracts responsible for the embryotoxicity in the chicken
      embryo.
AB  - Airborne particulate matter was collected with a high-volume air sampler between
      June 1984 and May 1985 on the rooftop of our institute. The tar material
      extracted was separated into six fractions by liquid-liquid partition and silica
      gel column chromatography. These fractions were then tested for their
      embryotoxicities by a chicken embryo assay. A moderately polar fraction per
      weight and a fraction containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) had the
      greatest toxicity for chicken embryos. When the polar fraction was purified by
      high-pressure liquid chromatography, the purified fraction was 3.7 times more
      toxic than the original polar fraction. To determine the responsible components
      for the toxicity, the purified fraction as well as the original fraction was
      analyzed by capillary gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass
      spectrometry. The characterized components were classified into oxygenated PAHs
      (containing ketones, quinones, and aldehydes), nitrogen-containing PAHs, diphenyl
      substituted aliphatic ketones (or diketones), and esters of aliphatic acids.

PMID- 3411637
TI  - Organochlorine pesticide residues in chicken eggs: a survey.
AB  - One hundred and five chicken egg samples were taken from seven geographical
      locations in Kenya and analyzed for organochlorine pesticide residues using gas
      liquid chromatography. Nine organochlorine compounds were detected: alpha- and
      gamma-HCH/BHC (hexachlorocyclohexane/benzene hexachloride), aldrin, dieldrin,
      p,p'-DDE [1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene], p,p'-DDD (TDE) [2,2
      bis(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethane] (tetrachlorodiphenylethane), o,p'-DDD [2
      (o-chlorophenyl)-2-(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethane], o,p'-DDT [2-(o
      chlorophenyl)-2-(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane], and p,p'-DDT. Eighteen
      of the samples contained DDT levels exceeding the practical residue limit (0.5
      ppm). The mean DDT residue content was 0.68 ppm, a result influenced greatly by
      the high contamination in the 18 samples. Both individual and mean residue levels
      for other organochlorine pesticides detected were well within the respective
      practical residue limits.

PMID- 3411638
TI  - Crossroads: 1987 presidential address--Trauma Association of Canada.

PMID- 3411639
TI  - Effect of helicopter transport of trauma victims on survival in an urban trauma
      center.
AB  - This paper reports a retrospective analysis of patients with serious yet
      substantially survivable injuries represented by ISS scores from 20 to 39 and
      whether or not survival was influenced by the use of helicopters. A review of 606
      of these patients with blunt trauma was performed for the period from 1983
      through 1986. When the group was evaluated there were 451 patients in the ISS
      cohort of 20-29 and 155 in the 30-39 group. The mean age was 30.5 years and 76%
      were males. A total of 259 patients were transported by ambulance and 347 by
      helicopter. Characteristics of the two groups were similar. The mean TS was 12.7
      for ambulance and 12.1 for helicopter patients. Mean GCS was 10.4 in the
      ambulance group and 9.6 for helicopter patients. Overall the mortality for
      ambulance transported patients was 13% compared to 18% for the helicopter group.
      We conclude that there is no survival advantage in the helicopter transported
      group in an urban area with a sophisticated prehospital care system. Patients of
      rural origin deserve further study.

PMID- 3411640
TI  - Delayed diagnosis of injuries to the diaphragm after penetrating wounds.
AB  - During a 9-year period, 16 patients with a delay in diagnosis of an injury to the
      diaphragm after a penetrating wound were treated. The left hemidiaphragm was
      involved in 15 of 16 patients, and the delay in diagnosis from the time of
      arrival in the emergency center immediately after injury ranged from 16 hours to
      14 years. In the patients in the Acute Group (delay of hours to days), three
      patients had diaphragmatic defects missed at the time of laparotomy, three
      patients had chest X-rays not immediately suggestive of diaphragmatic defects,
      two patients had false-negative lavages, and one patient treated elsewhere did
      not have a chest X-ray in the emergency room. In the patients in the Chronic
      Group (hernias presenting months to years after injury), four of seven patients
      had misreading of a recent chest X-ray or failure to have a chest X-ray performed
      during numerous return visits to the emergency center. Despite a variety of
      diagnostic maneuvers, these defects and hernias continue to be diagnosed after a
      delay. Careful review of early and late followup chest X-rays appears to be the
      easiest mechanism to avoid significant delays in diagnosis.

PMID- 3411641
TI  - Management of injuries from liquid lye ingestion.
AB  - The simultaneous admission of nine youths to our institution following their
      ingestion of concentrated sodium hydroxide (which had been mistaken for wine)
      provided us with a unique opportunity to manage corrosive esophageal injuries
      ranging in severity from second-degree oral mucosal injury alone to full
      thickness hypopharyngeal, esophageal, and gastric injury. The severity of injury
      was graded first on the basis of symptoms and physical examination of the mouth,
      and then in the operating room by rigid esophagoscopy. This procedure provided a
      logical approach to management. Three patients with second-degree oral burns
      required no surgery. Six patients required laparotomy with gastrostomy and/or
      chimney feeding jejunostomy, one required immediate esophagogastrectomy, and
      three required immediate total or subtotal gastrectomy. There were no deaths.
      Three patients have subsequently required esophageal replacement and three others
      have required repeated dilatations. At 2-year followup, all nine maintain their
      nutritional status orally, and all except for the previously mute patient can
      phonate. Ingestion of liquid lye requires a much more aggressive diagnostic and
      therapeutic approach than is currently recommended for ingestion of caustics in
      general. On the basis of our experience with these nine patients, we suggest the
      following for esophageal liquid lye injury: 1) early evaluation of the esophagus
      by esophagoscopy; 2) with esophageal burns, urgent laparotomy to assess gastric
      damage and gastrostomy to pass a string for subsequent retrograde dilatations; 3)
      adequate resection of stomach for gastric burns; 4) with deep esophageal burns,
      early esophagectomy.

PMID- 3411642
TI  - The nonoperative treatment of burst fractures of the thoracolumbar junction.
AB  - Treatment of thoracolumbar spine burst fracture with a neurologically intact
      patient is controversial, with advocates of operative and nonoperative
      approaches. Of 404 patients in a prospective spinal trauma study, 21 had burst
      fractures, were neurologically intact, and had greater than 1-year followup. This
      group was analyzed to evaluate treatment with early mobilization using a
      thoracolumbar total contact orthosis. The average time in a brace was 6 months.
      Two patients had pulmonary embolus treated successfully with anticoagulants. No
      patient required subsequent surgery for increasing kyphosis or neurologic
      deficit. Change in K angle at followup was 4.6 degrees (+/- 5.7) and change in
      anterior vertebral height was 6.1 degrees (+/- 10). All patients had a
      satisfactory pain score and most individuals returned to full employment. It is
      concluded that it is not necessary to routinely treat patients operatively with
      burst fractures if they fulfill the following criteria: 1) neurologically intact;
      2) kyphosis angle less than 35 degrees; 3) other injuries do not preclude the use
      of a total contact orthosis; and 4) the patient is capable of understanding and
      cooperating with the treatment regime. These criteria are irrespective of the CT
      findings of posterior vertebral retropulsion and spinal canal narrowing.

PMID- 3411643
TI  - The effect of verapamil on cerebral cortical and spinal cord blood flow during
      proximal descending thoracic aortic occlusion.
AB  - The mechanism of central nervous system (CNS) protection during proximal
      descending thoracic aortic cross-clamping (PDTAC) for aortic surgery using
      calcium channel blocking agents is not known. In order to determine the effect of
      verapamil on CNS blood flow during PDTAC, we calculated cerebral cortical (CC),
      proximal spinal cord (PSC), and distal spinal cord (DSC) blood flow using the
      microsphere method in Grade I beagles. Flow calculations were obtained at
      baseline (pre-PDTAC), following mobilization of the proximal descending aorta for
      5-8 cm by ligating 3-5 pairs of intercostal arteries (ICA), during PDTAC (45
      min), and during maximal reperfusion. Two groups were studied: 1) control (Cont)
      untreated (n = 5); 2) verapamil (Ver) treated (0.4 mg/kg IV just before PDTAC and
      just before reperfusion) (n = 5). CONCLUSIONS: I) Proximal ICA ligation produces
      no compromise to SC blood flow. II) Verapamil may protect the CNS by: 1)
      maintaining cerebral autoregulation during reperfusion; and 2) dampening
      hyperperfusion of the distal SC during reperfusion.

PMID- 3411644
TI  - Evaluating a pediatric trauma program: effectiveness versus preventable death
      rate.
AB  - We compared effectiveness (E), the proportion of severely injured patients who
      were salvageable and survived, to the preventable death rate (PDR) over three
      consecutive 1-year periods. Severely injured patients were those with at least
      one injury with an Abbreviated Injury Score (AIS) of greater than or equal to 4.
      Those with one fatal injury (AIS greater than or equal to 6), a critical head
      injury (AIS greater than or equal to 5) apart from acute epidural hematoma, or
      massive multiple injuries (Injury Severity Score greater than 59) were considered
      nonsalvageable; the remainder were considered salvageable. In the first year, six
      of 74 salvageable patients died, in the second year five of 76, and in the third
      year one of 69. The PDR rates were 0.32 (6/19), 0.23 (5/22), and 0.06 (1/17),
      respectively. There was no significant difference in the E of our trauma program
      over the 3 years. The apparent improvement in PDR in the second and third years
      resulted from an increased number of deaths among nonsalvageable patients and
      fewer deaths among salvageable patients. This finding demonstrates that PDR is
      sensitive to case mix and not just quality of care, and confirms the superiority
      of E over PDR for assessing a trauma program.

PMID- 3411645
TI  - Snowmobile injuries in northern Newfoundland and Labrador: an 18-year review.
AB  - The charts of 310 consecutive patients with snowmobile injuries admitted to
      Charles S. Curtis Memorial Hospital, St. Anthony, Newfoundland, during the years
      1969 through 1986 were reviewed in order to determine the causes and possible
      ways of prevention of these injuries. There were 237 males and 73 females. Most
      patients were less than 30 years of age (73%). Drivers represented 57% of the
      injured. Falling off the machine and collisions were responsible for 60% of the
      injuries; 3.0% were due to mechanical failure of the snowmobile. The lower limbs
      and head and neck regions were most commonly affected (42.6 and 27.6%,
      respectively); less than 10% of the patients were wearing helmets at the time of
      the accident. We conclude that the human factor was responsible for the majority
      of the injuries. We recommend enforcement of legislation, intensification of
      public education about the hazards of driving snowmobiles, and modifications in
      the design of the engine, especially to provide increased protection for the
      lower limbs.

PMID- 3411646
TI  - Intra-abdominal abscess after penetrating abdominal trauma.
AB  - We reviewed our experience with intra-abdominal abscess after penetrating
      abdominal trauma. Of a total of 872 laparotomies (1980-1986), 29 patients (0.7%
      of stab wounds and 6% of gunshot wounds) developed abscesses. Pancreatic and
      duodenal injuries, in the presence of concomitant colon perforation, were most
      frequently associated with abscess formation. Fourteen of the 29 patients had
      multiorgan failure (MOF), Group I, and 15 patients did not have MOF, Group II.
      Group I had a significantly higher Abdominal Trauma Index (ATI) and Acute
      Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II), received greater number of
      perioperative transfusions and underwent a higher number of reoperations for
      sepsis than Group II patients. Radiologic imaging techniques were frequently
      inconclusive for the diagnosis and localization of intra-abdominal abscess in
      Group I. They were highly accurate in Group II. Fifty per cent of Group I
      patients died from sepsis and MOF. We conclude that the anatomic (ATI) and the
      physiologic (APACHE) scores are useful predictors of the potential for
      uncontrolled sepsis. In the presence of ongoing multiorgan failure, reoperation
      for sepsis is warranted on clinical grounds alone.

PMID- 3411647
TI  - Trauma and the veterinarian.
AB  - A survey of all American Veterinary Medical Association members in Minnesota and
      Wisconsin was conducted by questionnaire to document injuries resulting from
      animal treatment. Of 995 respondents, 64.6% had sustained a major animal-related
      injury. Seventeen per cent were hospitalized within the last year. Of those
      hospitalized, 25.3% required a surgical procedure. Hand injuries were most common
      in a veterinarian's career (52.6% of respondents), followed by trauma to the arms
      (27.6%), and the head (20.8%). The thorax (8.3%), genitalia (3.9%), and intra
      abdominal viscera (2.8%) were injured less often. Operative procedures were
      frequently required to treat veterinarian injury from animal patients. Thirty
      five per cent of veterinarians required treatment for suture of lacerations, 10%
      for reduction of fracture/dislocation, and 5% for dental work in their career.
      One craniotomy and one carotid artery repair were necessary. Mechanism of injury
      was animal kick (35.5%), bite (34%), crush (11.7%), scratch (3.8%), and other
      interesting causes (14.9%). These included the patient pushing, goring, head
      butting, running over, and falling on the veterinarian. Additional work-related
      hazards included zoonotic disease, autoinoculation of live brucella vaccine, and
      self-inflicted scalpel injuries from sudden patient movement. The most common
      animals involved were bovine (46.5%), canine (24.2%), and equine (15.2%). Lost
      days from work secondary to animal injury averaged 1.3 days (range, 0-180 days)
      in 1986 and 8.5 days (range, 0-365 days) during the veterinarian's career. Job
      related automobile accidents also occurred. Veterinarians averaged more than 300
      miles driven per week, and only 56% reported following the speed limit. Fifteen
      per cent did not wear seat belts. Self-treatment of injuries was common.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3411648
TI  - Biosynthetic skin substitute vs. 1% silver sulfadiazine for treatment of
      inpatient partial-thickness thermal burns.
AB  - When used appropriately on superficial or moderate-depth partial-thickness burns,
      Biobrane significantly decreased total healing time to complete
      reepithelialization, reduced pain, and was associated with decreased nursing time
      and costs when compared to 1% silver sulfadiazine cream. Care must be used in
      selecting wounds for Biobrane therapy. They must be fresh, noninfected, and free
      of eschar and debris with a moist, sensate surface that demonstrates capillary
      blanching and refill. Wounds must be inspected regularly for nonadherence and
      signs of infection. Early fluid accumulation requires prompt aspiration. Biobrane
      should be removed if fluid reaccumulates or the Biobrane becomes nonadherent at
      any time after 48 hours. When used appropriately, Biobrane offers significant
      advantages over conventional therapy of acute partial-thickness burns.

PMID- 3411649
TI  - Red blood cell survival following admixture with heated saline: evaluation of a
      new blood warming method for rapid transfusion.
AB  - We studied the in vivo survival of packed red blood cells (RBC's) which had been
      warmed using the new technique of admixture with high-temperature saline. Packed
      RBC's from five normal male subjects were stored in CPDA-1 at 4 degrees C for 14
      days. They were then warmed via admixture with an equal amount of saline heated
      to 70 degrees C. Osmotic fragility, and supernatant hemoglobin and potassium
      levels of the warmed RBC's were not significantly different from baseline values.
      Aliquots of the warmed RBC's were labeled with 51Chromium and transfused into
      autologous donors. Mean radiolabeled RBC survival at 24 hours was 90.2% (S.D.
      6.2%), and mean radiolabeled RBC survival time was 25.3 days (S.D. 2.7 days).
      These results are within the normal range for RBC's stored for 14 days. This
      study suggests that RBC survival after transfusion is not impaired by admixture
      blood warming using saline at 70 degrees C.

PMID- 3411650
TI  - The etiology and management of genital injuries.
AB  - In a 10-year period, we have seen and treated 70 patients with trauma to the
      genitalia. There were 42 penile, 38 scrotal, and 16 testicular injuries. Patients
      with severe multisystem or extensive genital wounds were successfully managed by
      early conservative debridement with delayed definitive repair.

PMID- 3411651
TI  - Assessing multiple trauma: is the cervical spine enough?
AB  - This retrospective study of multiple trauma patients sustaining spinal column
      fractures was done to assess whether evaluation of the cervical spine alone is
      adequate. Sixty-three such patients were identified and further descriptive
      analyses performed. The majority of spinal fractures occurred not in the cervical
      spine, but in the thoracic and lumbosacral spine areas. Since a number of these
      spinal fractures have associated neurologic complications, only by prompt
      evaluation of the entire spinal column can further injuries be prevented. Based
      on our data, we feel that patients with multiple injuries and an altered
      sensorium should have the entire spine protected and evaluated radiologically
      before being cleared.

PMID- 3411652
TI  - Classification of and techniques for the reconstitution of acquired strictures in
      the region of the ureteropelvic junction.
AB  - We performed percutaneous intrarenal surgery on 22 patients with acquired
      strictures of various degrees of severity in the region of the ureteropelvic
      junction. Of 17 patients with strictures through which a guide wire could be
      passed (type 1) 8 (47 per cent) had good or excellent long-term results. Of 4
      patients with strictures that were patent radiologically but through which a
      guide wire could not be passed (type 2) only 1 (25 per cent) had good long-term
      results. The patient with a stricture that totally obliterated the lumen (type 3)
      suffered recurrence. We conclude that percutaneous techniques for the management
      of acquired strictures in the region of the ureteropelvic junction can be
      difficult technically and currently are most successful in the treatment of
      strictures of short duration that occur after pyeloplasty.

PMID- 3411653
TI  - Complications of endopyelotomy: analysis in series of 64 patients.
AB  - We review the complications and failures in our first 64 patients who underwent
      endopyelotomy. There were 2 intraoperative complications (3.1 per cent)
      necessitating an open operation. Postoperative complications included leakage
      around the stent or irritative bladder symptoms, which were treated by
      repositioning the stent, and 2 instances of ureterovesical stenosis, which have
      led us to stent the entire ureter in recent cases. There were 7 failures, 4 in
      patients who in retrospect were not suitable candidates for the percutaneous
      operation (long stenotic segment and redundant renal pelvis) and 3 for which
      there was no obvious cause. All failures were apparent soon after removal of the
      stent that was inserted at the end of the procedure.

PMID- 3411654
TI  - Endopyelotomy versus open pyeloplasty: comparison in 88 patients.
AB  - We compared the results of the first 56 consecutive percutaneous corrections of
      ureteropelvic junction obstruction (endopyelotomy) at our institution with the
      most recent 32 consecutive cases of open pyeloplasty. The percutaneous procedure
      required less time (average 89.4 minutes versus 106.4 minutes for an open
      operation) and entailed less postoperative pain (60 per cent of the patients
      required an average of 4.7 unit doses of narcotics, whereas 88 per cent of the
      pyeloplasty patients required an average of 10.3 unit doses). The average
      hospital stay was less after endopyelotomy (average 6.2 versus 10.0 days) and
      return to normal activity occurred more quickly (average 19.8 versus 41.5 days).
      Endopyelotomy was successful in 87.5 per cent of the patients, with all failures
      being apparent within 6 weeks and they were easily correctable by traditional
      methods. Reported success rates of pyeloplasty ranged from 95 to 98 per cent.

PMID- 3411655
TI  - Long-term followup in 1,003 extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy patients.
AB  - We evaluated 1,003 patients treated with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy
      after a mean followup of 19.1 months (range 12 to 26 months). Followup excretory
      urograms were normal in 97 per cent of the patients. Two-thirds of the patients
      reported further discharge of residual fragments, mainly during the first 3
      months. Rehospitalization was necessary in 57 patients. Over-all, the rate free
      of stones after followup was 72.2 per cent and it was not different for primary
      and recurrent stone patients. Rates free of stones were influenced mainly by the
      primary stone location and the number of stones in a renal unit. Patients with
      lower caliceal stones had a rate without calculi of only 57.8 per cent. Almost
      identical results were obtained for stones other than in the lower calix, when
      fragments were found in the lower calix at the time the patient was discharged
      from the hospital. The pre-treatment stone volume, as determined by measuring the
      stone area in square millimeters, did not influence the final rates free of
      stones for calculi up to 400 mm.2, that is 2.4 cm. of a sphere. Only calculi
      larger than 400 mm.2 showed an inverse relationship to the final rate free of
      stones. Multiple stones yielded a success rate of 64 per cent, with 90 per cent
      of the patients having regrowth of residual fragments. Serious complications
      during followup were not encountered.

PMID- 3411656
TI  - Results of surgical reconstruction in patients with renal failure owing to
      ureteropelvic junction obstruction.
AB  - During the last 6 years we managed 20 patients with renal failure owing to
      bilateral ureteropelvic junction obstruction (12) or ipsilateral ureteropelvic
      junction obstruction with contralateral renal agenesis, hypoplasia or dysplasia
      (8). Of the patients 11 underwent emergency dialysis for hyperkalemia, fluid
      overload or metabolic acidosis. Mean serum creatinine at presentation was 6.5 mg.
      per cent. Preliminary decompression of the obstructed kidney was done in 14
      patients (20 renal units) with a serum creatinine of more than 3 mg. per cent at
      presentation. Reconstruction was done in all patients (31 of 36 renal units)
      after decompression and control of infection. Pyeloplasty was done in 24 renal
      units, vesicopyelostomy in 3 pelvic kidneys and calicoureteroplasty in 2 renal
      units with an intrarenal pelvis. Two renal units were removed. All patients
      showed improvement in renal function and the mean postoperative serum creatinine
      value was 2.05 mg. per cent. The postoperative serum creatinine value showed a
      significant positive correlation with the initial value as well as with the
      initial blood urea levels. However, the postoperative serum creatinine value
      showed no correlation with patient age, duration of symptoms, serum creatinine
      level after preliminary nephrostomy and presence or absence of urinary infection.
      Postoperative recovery (on the basis of postoperative serum creatinine levels) in
      patients who had bilateral ureteropelvic junction obstruction was not different
      from those with a solitary functioning kidney and ureteropelvic junction
      obstruction.

PMID- 3411657
TI  - Improvement in survival of patients with renal cell carcinoma--the role of the
      serendipitously detected tumor.
AB  - A review of 212 cases of renal cell carcinoma diagnosed during a 40-year period
      revealed an increasing number of cases detected during imaging studies performed
      for nonurological reasons. These so-called incidentally detected renal cell
      carcinomas are increasing in incidence, generally of low stage and associated
      with significantly improved survival, and they constitute the majority of the
      patients with improved prognosis during the recent 2 decades. The clinical course
      and disease stage in patients who continue to present with symptoms of the
      disease have not changed in the last 40 years. These data suggest that with
      currently available treatments for renal cell carcinoma a principal method to
      improve the prognosis of this disease would be through earlier detection. Low
      disease incidence would mitigate against morphological screening but case finding
      techniques may prove useful.

PMID- 3411658
TI  - Stapled and nonstapled tapered distal ileum for construction of a continent
      colonic urinary reservoir.
AB  - A continent colonic urinary reservoir was created in 10 patients who had
      undergone anterior exenteration for invasive bladder carcinoma. A tapered distal
      ileal segment with a catheterizable abdominal stoma provided full continence in
      all 10 patients. Tapering of the terminal ileum was achieved with a
      gastrointestinal anastomosis stapler in 5 patients or with a bowel clamp in 5
      others. Three purse-string sutures of 2-zero silk were placed on the tapered
      ileal segment to increase the intraluminal pressure. A nontunneled ureterocolonic
      anastomosis was performed in all 20 ureters. No obstruction or reflux was noted
      in 19 ureters (95 per cent). Hydronephrosis at the anastomotic site was noted in
      1 ureter and was successfully dilated percutaneously.

PMID- 3411659
TI  - Positive urinary cytology after tumor resection: an indicator for concomitant
      carcinoma in situ.
AB  - Concomitant urothelial atypia (grade II atypia or carcinoma in situ) is
      predictive of new tumor growth after transurethral tumor resection. Concomitant
      urothelial atypia can be demonstrated by pre-selected site mucosal biopsies.
      However, a number of patients have new tumors despite normal pre-selected site
      biopsies. To investigate whether urinary cytology is a better indicator for
      concomitant urothelial atypia than pre-selected site biopsies, we studied in
      bladder tumor patients the correlation between the findings of pre-selected site
      biopsies (8 per patient) at tumor resection and urinary cytology (2 per patient)
      after successful resection. Concomitant urothelial atypia was demonstrated by
      biopsies in 52 per cent of the patients, of whom 60 per cent had grade II atypia
      and 40 per cent had carcinoma in situ. All patients with concomitant carcinoma in
      situ in biopsies had positive cytology findings. Of the patients with concomitant
      grade II atypia in biopsies 15 per cent had negative cytology studies. In 48 per
      cent of the patients no urothelial atypia in pre-selected site biopsies was
      demonstrable. However, cytology was positive, that is neoplastic cells were
      present, in 64 per cent of these specimens (19 patients). Of the 19 patients 16
      currently have had demonstrable urothelial atypia in pre-selected site mucosal
      biopsies at a later occasion. We conclude that urinary cytology seems to be a
      better indicator for the presence of concomitant urothelial atypia than pre
      selected site mucosal biopsies and, therefore, it can be used as a screening
      procedure for patients without demonstrable concomitant carcinoma in situ at
      tumor resection.

PMID- 3411661
TI  - Risk factors for urethral injuries in men with traumatic pelvic fractures.
AB  - Urethral injuries are commonly associated with pelvic fractures. The prompt
      recognition and appropriate management of these injuries may significantly impact
      subsequent morbidity, yet few studies have addressed the identification of the
      risk factors for urethral injury in men with pelvic fractures. We reviewed
      retrospectively the records of 405 men with pelvic fractures seen at our medical
      center, including 21 (5 per cent) with urethral injuries. Of the 21 men 14 (67
      per cent) had fractures involving a pubic ramus and a sacroiliac joint, and 12
      (57 per cent) had no physical signs (blood at the urethral meatus, perineal
      hematoma or a high-riding prostate) that would suggest a urethral injury. The
      likelihood for the presence of physical signs is directly related to the interval
      since injury. We believe that men with the combination of rami fractures and
      sacroiliac disruption should undergo retrograde urethrograms before urethral
      instrumentation, and that physical signs are unreliable indications for urethral
      injuries, especially soon after the injury.

PMID- 3411662
TI  - Endoscopic treatment of posterior urethral obliteration: long-term followup and
      comparison with transpubic urethroplasty.
AB  - We compare our results with the endoscopic management of posterior urethral
      obliteration in 8 patients to our previous experience with transpubic
      urethroplasty in 6 patients. Although most patients who underwent an endoscopic
      procedure required 2 or 3 followup internal urethrotomies within the first 2 to
      10 months after treatment, 6 have remained free of stricture for more than 2
      years after this initial period of aggressive endoscopic management. This finding
      suggests that total obliteration of the posterior urethra can be managed
      effectively by endoscopic techniques. Comparison of endoscopic treatment with
      transpubic urethroplasty revealed a decrease in operative time, blood loss and
      hospital stay with endoscopic management. We recommend that transpubic
      urethroplasty be reserved for patients in whom urethral continuity cannot be re
      established with relatively safe and simple endourological techniques.

PMID- 3411660
TI  - Prophylactic maltose tetrapalmitate and bacillus Calmette-Guerin immunotherapy of
      recurrent superficial bladder tumors: preliminary report.
AB  - We divided randomly into 3 groups 47 patients with recurrent superficial
      transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: group 1-15 controls who underwent
      transurethral resection only, group 2-17 patients who underwent transurethral
      resection and bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy, and group 3-15 patients treated
      by transurethral resection and maltose tetrapalmitate. Mean followup was 22.93
      months for the controls, 28.0 months for group 2 and 24.4 months for group 3. The
      recurrence rate per 100 patient-months was 11.34 in the controls, 7.4 in group 2
      and 7.19 in group 3, and the recurrence index per month was 0.113, 0.070 and
      0.072, respectively. The recurrence rate and recurrence index per month were
      significantly decreased in the treated groups compared to the controls (p less
      than 0.005). There was no significant difference between the bacillus Calmette
      Guerin and maltose tetrapalmitate groups. Invasive carcinoma developed in 60 per
      cent of the controls, 29.4 per cent of group 2 and 20 per cent of group 3.
      Invasive carcinoma required cystectomy or definitive radiotherapy. Bacillus
      Calmette-Guerin caused irritation of the bladder mucosa, while maltose
      tetrapalmitate did not have any side effects.

PMID- 3411663
TI  - A new operation for insertion of the artificial urinary sphincter.
AB  - A new operation for implantation of the artificial urinary sphincter for total
      urinary incontinence in women is described. The procedure is done through the
      vestibule of the vagina with clear exposure of the vesical neck and urethra
      anteriorly, and easier accessibility for dissection of the vagina from the
      posterior wall of the vesical neck and upper urethra. This approach reduces the
      incidence of occlusive cuff erosion and eliminates the chance of shifting of the
      device. The model AS 800 artificial sphincter was implanted for the first time in
      4 patients with total urinary incontinence. Primary deactivation was used and the
      patients practiced nocturnal deactivation. Complete post-activation continence
      was achieved in all 4 patients. Mean followup has been 14 months. This approach
      is easier and less traumatic to the patient. Hospitalization and postoperative
      recovery times are markedly reduced. Technically, the method is much simpler to
      perform, particularly dissection between the vagina and the posterior aspect of
      the urethra, thereby reducing the operative time and complication rate.

PMID- 3411664
TI  - The significance of prior anti-incontinence surgery in women who present with
      urinary incontinence.
AB  - In a series of 148 consecutive female patients with urinary incontinence 62
      (group 1) had undergone 1 or more prior anti-incontinence operations and 86
      (group 2) had none. After clinical and urodynamic assessment the incidence of
      detrusor instability in the 2 groups (44 and 51 per cent) was not significantly
      different but the incidence of stress incontinence in group 1 was significantly
      greater than in group 2 (58 and 38 per cent, p less than 0.05). Of the 69
      patients with a final diagnosis of stress urinary incontinence 45 (24 in group 1)
      had surgery and were followed for a mean of 17 months postoperatively. Of the
      patients 43 (95 per cent) were cured or improved. A total of 17 patients (71 per
      cent) in group 1 and 3 (17 per cent) in group 2 had a fascial sling. Eight
      patients had symptomatic postoperative detrusor instability and all had a fascial
      sling. There also was a significant decrease in postoperative peak flow rate (p
      less than 0.01) in these patients. Neither the number of previous operations nor
      the presence of preoperative detrusor instability had a significant effect on the
      incidence of postoperative detrusor instability.

PMID- 3411665
TI  - Nocturnal penile tumescence predicting response to intracorporeal pharmacological
      erection testing.
AB  - Although response to intracorporeal pharmacological erection testing has been
      proposed to determine the etiology of impotence, physiological criteria
      predicting this response have not been established and the literature includes
      conflicting results regarding which patients respond to pharmacological erection
      therapy. In this study 37 impotent patients underwent a diagnostic nocturnal
      penile tumescence evaluation (including measurements of rigidity, pulsations and
      bulboischiocavernosus muscle activity) and the results were correlated with
      subsequent response to intracorporeal pharmacological testing. Most but not all
      patients with psychogenic impotence and all with neurogenic impotence responded
      with good erections. For vasculogenic impotence response rate depended upon
      impairment severity determined from nocturnal penile tumescence measurements;
      none of the severe cases versus 90 per cent of the milder cases responded. The
      results indicate that response to intracorporeal pharmacological testing does not
      accurately distinguish psychogenic from organic impotence, is best for neurogenic
      impotence and worst for severe vasculogenic impotence, and can be predicted
      accurately by nocturnal penile tumescence measurements.

PMID- 3411666
TI  - Impact of cigarette smoking on papaverine-induced erection.
AB  - Owing to the vasoconstrictive effect of nicotine, smoking may potentially
      interfere in the results of the drug-induced erection test for papaverine
      hydrochloride. To investigate the effect of smoking on this test, 12 patients
      between 22 and 65 years old underwent the following protocol: phase 1-
      intracavernous injection of 100 mg. papaverine hydrochloride with measurement of
      intracavernous pressure by puncture with a 19 caliber butterfly needle attached
      to an aneroid manometer and phase 2--1 week after the initial test the procedure
      was repeated after the patient smoked 2 cigarettes. In phase 1 all men obtained a
      full erection, compared to only 4 in phase 2. The average intracavernous
      pressures were 85.83 and 53.50 mm. Hg, respectively, in phases 1 and 2 (p less
      than 0.01). We conclude that cigarette smoking, probably through nicotine,
      interferes with the drug-induced erection test, which might explain some false
      negative results.

PMID- 3411667
TI  - Early catheter removal and reduced length of hospital stay following
      transurethral prostatectomy: a retrospective analysis of 100 consecutive
      patients.
AB  - We reviewed the charts of 100 consecutive patients who underwent transurethral
      prostatectomy between January 1986 and April 1987. Average length of hospital
      stay was 2.9 days, which was considerably shorter than that reported previously
      in the literature. We usually hospitalize patients on the day of the operation
      and remove the catheters the following morning. A total of 15 patients required
      reinsertion of the catheter for hemorrhage or retention. Of these patients 13 had
      1 or more of 3 predisposing risk factors (preoperative total urinary retention,
      preoperative gross hematuria or resected prostatic specimen weight greater than
      30 gm). We conclude that early removal of the catheter and reduced lengths of
      hospitalization will be safe for the majority of patients.

PMID- 3411668
TI  - Radical prostatectomy in stage A prostatic adenocarcinoma.
AB  - A total of 76 patients (18 with stage A1 and 58 with stage A2 cancer) underwent
      radical perineal prostatectomy. No perioperative deaths occurred and no patient
      suffered rectal injury or was incontinent postoperatively. Five patients (3 with
      stage A1 and 2 with stage A2 disease) had negative surgical specimens, while 6 (4
      with stage A1 and 2 with stage A2 cancer) had a single microscopic focus in the
      radical prostatectomy specimen. Outcome was assessed by first evidence of disease
      recurrence as a function of the Gleason sum and the local anatomical extent of
      disease. Of 41 patients 4 (9.7 per cent) with organ-confined disease failed at
      2.5, 2.6, 4.3 and 11.9 years. None of 11 patients with specimen-confined disease
      failed, and 6 of 24 (25 per cent) with positive margins failed at 0.9, 1.2, 2.1,
      3.1, 3.2 and 8.0 years. Radiation after an operation for margin-positive disease
      did not seem to alter the incidence of failure. The distribution frequency of the
      Gleason sum was noted to shift to a higher total sum as the extent of local
      disease increased. Kaplan-Meier analysis of the failure rate of patients with
      organ-confined and organ-nonconfined disease with a Gleason sum of 7 or less
      versus greater than 7 demonstrated an advantage for those with a sum of 7 or less
      (p less than or equal to 0.018).

PMID- 3411669
TI  - Intermediate-term survival results in clinically understaged prostate cancer
      patients following radical prostatectomy.
AB  - To determine the natural history of clinically understaged prostatic cancer
      patients who were followed without adjuvant therapy for at least 6 years after
      radical prostatectomy we reviewed the clinical courses of 21 patients (1 with
      clinical stage A and 20 with clinical stage B disease). All patients underwent
      radical retropubic prostatectomy and 9 had pathological stage C disease (6 with
      capsular penetration only and 3 with seminal vesicle invasion). A total of 12
      patients had pathological stage D1 disease by virtue of positive nodes on
      permanent sections after frozen sections were read as negative. Among the
      patients with pathological stage C disease 67 per cent were free of recurrence 6
      years after radical prostatectomy. Of the patients with seminal vesicle invasion
      33 per cent had recurrence compared to 17 per cent of those with capsular
      penetration only. Among the 12 stage D1 cancer patients 75 per cent were free of
      recurrence at 6 years. In both groups patients who were followed beyond 7 years
      had a diminished survival free of tumor owing to late tumor recurrences. The
      results indicate that the intermediate survival rates free of tumor in patients
      with clinically understaged A or B prostatic cancer are remarkably good without
      adjuvant therapy. However, survival without recurrence appears to decrease after
      7 years. All patients who failed treatment did so distantly; no patient failed
      with local recurrence alone. These results may be important in the evaluation of
      adjuvant therapy protocols currently under investigation for patients with
      clinically understaged prostate cancer.

PMID- 3411670
TI  - Salvage radical prostatectomy for radiorecurrent adenocarcinoma of the prostate.
AB  - A total of 16 patients with persistent or recurrent prostate cancer 1 to 10 years
      after definitive treatment with radiotherapy underwent salvage radical
      prostatectomy. Patients considered to be candidates for the procedure were in
      excellent health, with a life expectancy of at least 10 years and with no
      evidence of extension of tumor beyond the prostate. There was no operative
      mortality but major complications included rectal injury in 3 patients (19 per
      cent, 1 requiring colostomy), ureteral transection in 1 (6 per cent), anastomotic
      stricture in 4 (25 per cent), ureterovesical junction stricture in 1 (6 per cent)
      and persistent urinary incontinence in 4. Whole organ step-section of the
      surgical specimen revealed positive surgical margins in 6 patients (37.5 per
      cent). Margins usually were positive at the apex and not at the bladder neck, so
      that cystoprostatectomy would not have altered the positive margin rate. Although
      the followup is too short for analysis of tumor recurrence or patient survival
      rates, the results indicate that salvage radical prostatectomy, although
      technically demanding, is feasible and that in the majority of properly selected
      patients the tumor can be removed completely.

PMID- 3411671
TI  - Exchange/retrograde ureteral stent set.
AB  - Once in position, ureteral stents are relatively inaccessible. A ureteral stent
      set was developed that allows for retrograde study of the collecting system or
      exchange of the stent with or without the assistance of a cystoscope. This has
      proved to be useful for opacification of the collecting system during
      extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy or percutaneous nephrolithotomy, or after
      ureteroscopy.

PMID- 3411672
TI  - Abdominal approach for gracilis muscle interposition and repair of recurrent
      vesicovaginal fistulas.

PMID- 3411673
TI  - Urogenital diaphragm raising maneuver.
AB  - The urogenital diaphragm raising maneuver, a procedure to facilitate membranous
      urethral surgery, is described. The technique shortens operating time by
      permitting easy identification and exposure of the severed urethral ends, thus,
      allowing for precise re-establishment of urinary tract continuity. Selective
      membranous urethral surgery can be performed with ease, preserving external
      sphincter integrity. This maneuver represents an advance over any other technique
      by almost eliminating the risk of stenosis, urinary fistula and incontinence
      owing to failure of precise reapproximation of the membranous urethra.

PMID- 3411674
TI  - Potency-sparing radical perineal prostatectomy: anatomy, surgical technique and
      initial results.
AB  - By integrating a re-examination of perineal anatomy with the recently described
      anatomy of the pelvic nerve plexus and the cavernous nerves, a modification of
      radical perineal prostatectomy that can preserve potency has been developed. In
      16 patients who underwent this procedure immediately after bilateral pelvic
      lymphadenectomy the traditional low morbidity of radical perineal prostatectomy
      was retained, and potency was preserved in 5 of 9 patients (56 per cent),
      including all whose tumor was confined within the specimen margins. Review of the
      anatomy of the pelvic fascia also demonstrates that additional fascia around the
      lateral and dorsal surfaces of the prostate can be removed during radical
      perineal prostatectomy when one is willing to sacrifice the cavernous nerves to
      achieve a more radical excision of the prostate.

PMID- 3411675
TI  - Urodynamic studies in acupuncture for women with frequency, urgency and dysuria.
AB  - Urodynamic measurements were performed before and after acupuncture at 2
      different points in 52 women who presented with frequency, urgency and dysuria.
      Measurements included cystometry, anal sphincter electromyography, urethral
      pressure profilometry and uroflowmetry. The results of this study showed a
      significant increase in maximum cystometric capacity and a decrease in peak
      urinary flow rate after acupuncture at the Sp. 6 point, which has traditionally
      been used for the treatment of urinary problems. During acupuncture at the Sp. 6
      point there were periodic increases in intraurethral pressure at the distal
      urethra, which were measured with a microtip transducer. Acupuncture-induced
      detrusor inhibition and external sphincteric contractions were demonstrated.
      Clinically symptomatic improvement was noted in 22 of the 26 patients who were
      treated by acupuncture at the Sp. 6 point. Our studies indicated that acupuncture
      could be used as a simple and effective method to treat female patients with
      frequency, urgency and dysuria.

PMID- 3411676
TI  - Clinical and cystometric characteristics of continent and incontinent
      noninstitutionalized elderly.
AB  - A survey of the clinical and cystometric characteristics of continent and
      incontinent elderly subjects living in a community has not been reported
      previously. Household respondents identified initially from a random probability
      sample were invited to undergo a free clinic evaluation followed by an invitation
      to free urodynamic testing. Of the 1,955 household respondents 456 women and 298
      men attended the clinic. From this group 169 women and 94 men accepted the
      urodynamic invitation. Cystometric studies reveal a significant difference
      between the over-all prevalence of uninhibited detrusor contraction between
      genders, 7.9 per cent for women and 35 per cent for men. The occurrence of
      uninhibited detrusor contractions is more prevalent among incontinent than
      continent subjects and this difference is marginally significant. There is no
      significant association between uninhibited detrusor contractions and symptoms of
      difficult bladder emptying, irritative symptoms, voiding frequency, nocturia and
      urodynamic diagnosis of outlet obstruction (normal or high pressure and poor
      flow) but there were significant associations with responses to questions about
      the delay in getting to a toilet. The mean bladder capacities of men and women do
      not differ significantly between the different age groups but the capacity is
      significantly smaller for those with uninhibited detrusor contractions. The post
      void residual urine volume shows no association with the continence status. These
      findings raise questions regarding our conventional thinking as to the etiology
      of uninhibited detrusor contractions, especially in men, and of urinary
      incontinence in general.

PMID- 3411677
TI  - Isolated vesicorectal internal urinary diversion: a 37-year review of the Boyce
      Vest procedure.
AB  - The challenges that management of exstrophy of the bladder pose the pediatric
      urological surgeon have resulted in a multitude of ingenious operations and a
      voluminous literature on exstrophy. Despite this intense interest in an uncommon
      anomaly, no consistently satisfactory approach to achieve urinary continence in
      children with exstrophy has evolved. We summarize a 37-year clinical experience
      with a form of urinary diversion that provides sphincteric urinary continence,
      and unexcelled long-term preservation of renal function and upper urinary
      anatomy. From our review it appears that the infant with exstrophy is served best
      by neonatal closure of the exstrophic bladder with attempts to establish urinary
      continence later in childhood. When other methods to establish urinary continence
      are unsuccessful and satisfactory anal continence has been demonstrated, a
      diverting colostomy combined with anastomosis of the isolated bladder to the
      isolated rectal stump offers an acceptable long-term alternate form of urinary
      diversion to produce sphincteric urinary continence with relative freedom from
      upper urinary deterioration.

PMID- 3411678
TI  - The use of paraexstrophy flaps for urethral construction in neonatal girls with
      classical exstrophy.
AB  - Primary closure of classical exstrophy was performed with paraexstrophy skin
      flaps for urethral lengthening in 4 female neonates. In all cases more than 2.0
      cm. of urethral length were achieved. Efficacy of bladder closure and subsequent
      bladder neck revision were enhanced by the use of these flaps. The technique of
      urethral construction is described and our results are discussed.

PMID- 3411679
TI  - Incontinent epispadias: surgical treatment of 38 cases.
AB  - We review 38 cases of surgically corrected incontinent epispadias with a followup
      of 5 months to 18 years. In 20 cases the Leadbetter, in 8 the Tanagho and in 8
      the Young-Dees techniques of bladder neck reconstruction were used. Of 3 patients
      with minimal (15 to 25 ml.) bladder capacity the Arap procedure was performed in
      1, while small constriction of the bladder neck to improve the bladder capacity
      and compliance was done in 2. In 1 of the latter patients a 60 ml. capacity was
      achieved and a secondary Leadbetter operation provided an excellent result.
      Continence was attained after the initial operation in 18 patients, followup is
      too short to determine the result in 3 and 15 did not acquire urinary control.
      Revision of the bladder neck plasty was performed in 11 patients, which resulted
      in continence in 4 and partial continence in 2. Among 34 patients with an
      adequate followup 22 (73.3 per cent) are continent and 8 (26.4 per cent) are
      incontinent. The results were similar with the 3 techniques.

PMID- 3411680
TI  - Lumbar herniation of the kidney.
AB  - We report a case of lumbar herniation of a kidney, resulting in intermittent
      ureteropelvic junction obstruction. Surgical repair of the lumbodorsal fascial
      defect resulted in resolution of the uretero-pelvic junction obstruction.

PMID- 3411681
TI  - Spontaneous rupture of the renal collecting system during pregnancy: successful
      management with a temporary ureteral catheter.
AB  - Spontaneous rupture of the kidney or collecting system during pregnancy is an
      unusual condition. We report the sixteenth such case and, to our knowledge, the
      first case managed successfully with temporary insertion of a ureteral catheter.
      Based on our experience in this case, we recommend a modified approach to therapy
      for this condition.

PMID- 3411682
TI  - Spontaneous regression of liver metastasis from renal carcinoma.
AB  - Idiopathic regression of metastases from renal carcinoma is rare and usually
      involves lung metastases in men with a good performance status following removal
      of the primary tumor. We report a case of spontaneous regression of a biopsy
      proved liver metastasis that had appeared several months after removal of primary
      renal carcinoma.

PMID- 3411683
TI  - Progression of leukoplakia of the bladder to squamous cell carcinoma 19 years
      after complete urinary diversion.
AB  - We report a rare case of squamous cell carcinoma developing in a defunctionalized
      bladder with known leukoplakia 19 years after urinary diversion. We conclude from
      this case that once the initial metaplasia of the transitional epithelium of the
      urinary tract to leukoplakia has occurred chronic irritation by (infected) urine
      is not required to cause further progression to squamous cell carcinoma.
      Therefore, we recommend prophylactic cystectomy if palliative urinary diversion
      for relief of symptoms is considered in patients with leukoplakia of the bladder.

PMID- 3411684
TI  - Rectal perforation as a complication of urethral instrumentation: 2 case reports.
AB  - A review of the complications of urethral instrumentation performed at our
      institution during the last 15 years revealed 2 cases of urethrorectal
      perforation. These patients were managed with loop colostomy and suprapubic
      cystostomy diversion with excellent healing and no evidence of fistula formation
      at 24-month followup. This rare complication is described and the principles of
      diagnosis, prevention and prompt aggressive management are emphasized.

PMID- 3411685
TI  - Urethral cyst in a man.
AB  - We report a case of a bulbous urethral cyst in a man. This rare lesion, probably
      arising from Cowper's gland, was treated successfully by endoscopic excision of
      the cyst wall.

PMID- 3411686
TI  - Leiomyoma of the female urethra.
AB  - Smooth muscle tumors of the female urethra are uncommon lesions. Only a few cases
      of leiomyoma of the female urethra have been reported in the literature. We
      describe 2 additional cases, review the literature on this rare neoplasm and
      discuss its management.

PMID- 3411687
TI  - Development of fibrotic penile lesions secondary to the intracorporeal injection
      of vasoactive agents.
AB  - Fibrotic penile lesions developed in 4 patients who had undergone intracorporeal
      injection of vasoactive agents. These lesions persisted for at least 3 months,
      and in some instances they caused pain and curvature of the penis during
      erection.

PMID- 3411688
TI  - Treatment of the residual retroperitoneal mass after chemotherapy for advanced
      seminoma.
AB  - Although resection of the residual retroperitoneal mass after chemotherapy for
      nonseminomatous testicular cancer is standard practice, controversy exists as to
      the appropriate management of the residual mass after chemotherapy for advanced
      seminoma. A literature review suggests that 15 to 25 per cent of such masses will
      contain residual cancer, suggesting that retroperitoneal lymph node dissection is
      appropriate in these patients.

PMID- 3411689
TI  - Testicular metastasis as the first manifestation of colon carcinoma.
AB  - Metastatic carcinoma to the testes is uncommon, and it is most often found
      incidentally at autopsy or after orchiectomy for prostatic carcinoma. One of the
      rarest causes of testicular tumor is metastasis from another primary site. It is
      even more unusual when the metastasis to the testicle is the first manifestation
      of the tumor. We report a case of asymptomatic colon carcinoma presenting as
      metastases to the testis and epididymis, which was diagnosed after biopsy of
      testicular nodules. Although nonlymphomatous cancer presenting as an intrascrotal
      mass is extremely rare, seldom detected clinically and almost never the first
      sign of disease, it should be considered a possibility, even in the young adult
      who presents with a mass involving the testicle or epididymis.

PMID- 3411690
TI  - Malignant mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis testis: a case report.
AB  - We report a case of malignant mesothelioma of the testicular tunica vaginalis. A
      preceding hydrocele showed mesothelial hyperplasia of its lining. The tumor was
      treated surgically as well as with a combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy
      but it progressed, resulting in death within 21 months from the diagnosis. The
      relationship of the tumor to mesothelial hyperplasia and to previous exposure to
      asbestos is discussed.

PMID- 3411691
TI  - This month in investigative urology: antibody-mediated causes of male
      infertility.

PMID- 3411692
TI  - Testicular alterations are linked to the presence of elevated antisperm
      antibodies in Sprague-Dawley rats after vasectomy and vasovasostomy.
AB  - The relationship between alterations in testicular histology and antisperm
      antibodies was studied after vasectomy and vasovasostomy in Sprague-Dawley rats,
      which are immunologically relatively non-responsive to vasectomy. Testes were
      prepared for histologic study at intervals up to seven months after vasectomy,
      vasectomy followed three months later by vasovasostomy, or sham operations.
      Antisperm antibodies were assessed with an ELISA. Testicular alterations, which
      were observed in a minority of animals after vasovasostomy, consisted mainly of
      depletion of germ cells. Mean serum antisperm antibody levels were greater for
      animals with altered testes than for rats with normal testicular histology. In
      addition, the proportion of rats that showed a positive antisperm antibody
      response was greater among animals with testicular changes than among those with
      unaltered testes. When the present results on Sprague-Dawley rats were compared
      with previous findings on the highly responsive Lewis strain, it was evident that
      the incidence of testicular changes and the proportion of positive antibody
      responders were greater in the Lewis strain. However, elevated antisperm
      antibodies and testicular alterations appeared to be more tightly linked in the
      less responsive Sprague-Dawley rats.

PMID- 3411693
TI  - The evolution of artificial sphincter cuff in growing animals.
AB  - An animal model was developed to simulate the effect of implantation of
      artificial sphincter cuff on the urethra in children. The study was conducted on
      28 pigs, 15 castrated males, four uncastrated males and nine females, divided
      into four groups: control unoperated, and three operated groups. Group I
      contained young piglets (castrated males, uncastrated males and females), group
      II contained adult animals and group III contained sham operated animals. An AS
      800 belt occlusion cuff was implanted in the deflated state distal to the bladder
      neck around the urethra in the young and adult groups, while no sphincter was
      implanted in the sham group. Neither primary nor secondary activation was done.
      The pigs were followed for a period of six to eight weeks and then sacrificed.
      The morphological and histological observations on the effects of the artificial
      sphincter cuff on the underlying urethral tissue showed significant transmural
      atrophy of the urethral and prostatic segment underlying the cuff in the young
      growing castrated and uncastrated male group with mild changes in the young
      female group. Bladder rupture occurred in three uncastrated males. There were no
      changes encountered in the adult or sham operated groups. Variable degrees of
      upper tract changes and renal deterioration were seen in the young group. These
      changes occurred mainly in the male piglets while a lesser degree occurred in the
      female piglets. No changes were demonstrated in the adult and sham groups. This
      study suggests the possibility of similar changes occurring in young male
      children who have undergone artificial sphincter implantation.

PMID- 3411694
TI  - The effects of double J stents on renal pelvic dynamics in the pig.
AB  - Intra-pelvic pressure and peristaltic activity were measured before and during
      diuresis in 26 minipigs, immediately, one week and three weeks following ureteric
      intubation with 5 and 6F polyethylene double J stents. Changes in these dynamic
      parameters were seen which indicate that these stents caused renal outflow
      obstruction. The severity of this obstruction appears dependent upon the size of
      the catheter and the temporal length of intubation. This study indicates that
      double J stents provide sub-optimal drainage of the renal pelvis and damaged
      ureter.

PMID- 3411695
TI  - Tumor-specific immunotherapy of murine bladder cancer with butanol-extracted
      antigens and ethylchlorformate polymerized tumor protein.
AB  - Successful treatment of superficial bladder cancer using nonspecific
      immunotherapy with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) has been well documented.
      Investigation of two potential tumor-specific immunotherapeutic agents using a
      murine transitional-cell carcinoma model (MBT-2) is reported. The survival of
      mice immunized with tumor proteins obtained by treating tumor cells with either 1
      butanol or ethylchlorformate was compared to the survival of animals immunized
      with BCG. Long-term immunity conferred by each of these agents was also assessed.
      Significant protection by both agents was noted in all treatment groups compared
      to controls. Long-term immunity was also found to result from treatment with both
      investigational agents as well as with BCG. Butanol-extracted antigens and
      ethylchlorformate polymerized tumor protein may be useful as immunotherapeutic
      alternatives to BCG.

PMID- 3411696
TI  - Phagocytic and natural killer cytotoxic responses of murine transitional cell
      carcinoma to postsurgical immunochemotherapy.
AB  - Postsurgical immunochemotherapy with Corynebacterium parvum (CP) and cis
      diamminedichloroplatinum (II) (CDDP) was evaluated in mice with transitional cell
      carcinoma (MBT-2). C3H/He mice were transplanted subcutaneously in the hind limb
      with 5 x 10(5) tumor cells. Ten to 14 days later when the tumor reached a
      diameter of five to seven mm., it was surgically removed. Mice were then
      randomized into four groups to receive a total of three treatments on days 1, 3
      and 5 after surgery: 1) saline (control group); 2) CP, 250 micrograms. into the
      surgical site; 3) CDDP, 5 micrograms./gm. body weight intraperitoneally; and 4)
      combined CP and CDDP. Recurrence of tumor occurred in 70%, 52%, 55% and 28% of
      mice receiving surgery only, CP, CDDP, and combined CP and CDDP respectively. In
      the second part of the experiment, phagocytic activity using chemiluminescence
      assay and natural killer (NK) activity using chromium-51 release assay were
      determined with cells from the peritoneum, spleen and inguinal lymph nodes. CP or
      CDDP alone enhanced the phagocytic and NK activity. The most significant
      enhancement was obtained with cells from the inguinal lymph nodes of mice
      receiving combined CP and CDDP, the group with the lowest tumor recurrence. These
      results suggest that combination of CP and CDDP may be useful in control of
      postsurgical recurrence of bladder cancer.

PMID- 3411697
TI  - Canine distemper in black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes) from Wyoming.
AB  - In September and October 1985, six black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes) were
      captured from the only known population, located near Meeteetse, Wyoming for
      captive propagation. Two days following capture an adult male showed signs of
      canine distemper and an adult female displayed similar signs 7 days postcapture;
      these infections were undoubtedly acquired prior to capture. Subsequently the
      four remaining captive black-footed ferrets also developed canine distemper and
      all eventually died. Clinical signs included severe pruritus, hyperkeratosis and
      progressive loss of body condition. A few animals had intermittent diarrhea and
      respiratory disease. Intranuclear and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies were
      numerous in epithelial tissues and two black-footed ferrets had a mild to
      moderate meningoencephalitis. Canine distemper virus was isolated from four
      animals and paramyxovirus nucleocapsids were observed by electron microscopy of
      feces from all affected black-footed ferrets. Antibodies to canine distemper
      virus were not detected in sera of sick black-footed ferrets. Antibodies to
      canine distemper virus were found in sera of badgers (Taxidea taxus) and coyotes
      (Canis latrans) collected in the Meeteetse area in 1986. Most free-ranging black
      footed ferrets in the colony apparently died of canine distemper during the
      summer and fall of 1985. An attempt was made to capture all surviving animals in
      the affected area in order to abort the epizootic and provide black-footed
      ferrets for captive propagation.

PMID- 3411698
TI  - A plague epizootic in the white-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys leucurus) of
      Meeteetse, Wyoming.
AB  - Surveillance for sylvatic plague (Yersinia pestis) was conducted near Meeteetse,
      Wyoming (USA) from 24 May to 14 June 1985. Ten species of fleas were collected
      from white-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys leucurus), and from their burrows and
      associated rodents. Five of these flea species and two adult prairie dogs were
      positive for plague. The progression of this plague epizootic appeared to be
      slower and the intensity was less than in previous epizootics in other prairie
      dog colonies. The plague epizootic occurred within the only known colony of black
      footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes) and was a potential threat to the food source
      of this endangered species.

PMID- 3411699
TI  - Ecological studies on Cyathocotyle bushiensis (Digenea) and Sphaeridiotrema
      globulus (Digenea), possible pathogens of dabbling ducks in southern Quebec.
AB  - Over the past 20 yr, recurrent late-summer mortality of dabbling ducks in
      southern Quebec has been attributed to the digenean parasite Cyathocotyle
      bushiensis. This study attempted to determine whether this parasite was still
      implicated in the epizootics, and examined aspects of the ecology of the parasite
      in the definitive host. Comparison of prevalence and mean intensity of infection
      of all species of Digenea between salvaged carcasses and hunter-shot ducks
      revealed that C. bushiensis and a second digenean Sphaeridiotrema globulus were
      both significantly more prevalent in salvaged ducks. Mean intensity of infection
      was consistently higher for S. globulus in the salvaged carcasses than in hunter
      shot ducks. These data provide strong circumstantial support for the hypothesis
      that C. bushiensis continues to contribute to the annual mortality, but also
      strongly suggest that S. globulus may be involved. Comparison of the relative
      numbers of each species of duck between the salvaged carcass sample and the
      hunter-shot sample revealed that blue-winged teal (Anas discors) occurred
      significantly more frequently in the salvaged carcass sample whereas wood ducks
      (Aix sponsa) were common in the hunter-shot sample but were never found in the
      salvaged carcass sample. A comparison of susceptibility to experimental infection
      with C. bushiensis revealed that mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), black ducks (Anas
      rubripes), blue-winged teal, pintail (Anas acuta) and lesser scaup (Aythya
      affinis) had similar susceptibilities but that wood ducks were significantly less
      susceptible to infection. Experimental infections also showed that age of
      mallards significantly influenced the number of parasites obtained 7 days
      postinfection; ducklings were most heavily infected. Significant differences were
      detected in the gross pathology caused by C. bushiensis among duck species. Data
      obtained from sentinel ducks placed in the field for 24 hr revealed that
      transmission of both C. bushiensis and S. globulus occurs at least between mid
      May and mid-September and that large, potentially lethal, infections can be
      acquired in as little as 24 hr. Finally evidence is presented to suggest that
      ducks acquire resistance to challenge infections of C. bushiensis.

PMID- 3411700
TI  - Observations on the seasonal incidence of myxomatosis and its interactions with
      helminth parasites in the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus).
AB  - European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) were collected monthly over a 10-yr
      period and the incidence of myxomatosis and the size of helminth populations were
      recorded. Myxomatosis occurred annually, always as an epidemic in the latter half
      of the year and was associated with both an increase in the percentage of animals
      infected and the size of the infections of the nematodes Trichostrongylus
      retortaeformis and Passalurus ambiguus and the cestode Mosgovoyia pectinata. It
      is suggested that myxomatosis had the effect of reducing the rabbits' overall
      immune response to infection and that due to the regular annual occurrence of
      myxomatosis, the resulting increase in the size of helminth infections must be
      considered an integral part of the population dynamics of these parasites.

PMID- 3411701
TI  - Helminths of stocked rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) with special reference to
      Clinostomum complanatum.
AB  - Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) stocked into a small prairie dug-out were
      examined for helminths at harvest time. Five species of helminths were found
      (Diplostomum sp., Diplostomulum scheuringi, Clinostomum complanatum,
      Crepidostomum farionis and Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli); C. farionis and P.
      bulbocolli mature in fish while the remaining species utilize fish-eating birds
      as definitive hosts. Examination of stomach contents indicated that all
      invertebrate hosts required for the life-cycles of these helminths were present
      in the dug-out. The most conspicuous and prevalent helminth was C. complanatum as
      fish were "wormy" and unmarketable due to the presence of high numbers of
      metacercariae. Metacercariae of C. complanatum were recovered from most organs of
      rainbow trout. The low survival of stocked fish suggests that C. complanatum may
      cause some host mortality, but the condition of infected and uninfected fish was
      similar. It appears that a community of ichthyoparasites can become established
      in a population of stocked fish in a single growing season in north temperate
      regions.

PMID- 3411702
TI  - Increased osteoarthritis in moose from Isle Royale.
AB  - Over the past 30 yr, moose (Alces alces) in Isle Royale National Park (Michigan,
      USA) exhibited a several-fold increase in the prevalence of osteoarthritis, or
      degenerative joint disease (DJD). Available evidence points to an environmental
      explanation for this change. Greater physical activity among afflicted moose is
      not a likely contributing factor, nor is genetic change in the population. The
      possible introduction of an unspecified disease agent cannot be dismissed at this
      time. Moose exhibiting the highest prevalence of DJD were those born during a
      period of severe undernutrition, and it is hypothesized that nutritional stress
      early in life was responsible for increased joint disease during senescence. Such
      an etiology for osteoarthritis has not been suggested previously for any species.

PMID- 3411703
TI  - Occurrence of Campylobacter jejuni in free-living wild birds from Japan.
AB  - Campylobacter jejuni was isolated from 44 of 313 free-living birds from Japan.
      The highest isolation rate was found in 30 of 87 (34%) crows (Corvus levaillanti
      and Corvus corone), followed by 2 of 10 (20%) blue magpies (Cyanopica cyanus), 5
      of 35 (14%) gray starlings (Sturnus cineraceus), 2 of 16 (13%) domestic pigeons
      (Columbia livia domestica), 4 of 36 (11%) bulbuls (Hypsipetes amaurotis), and 1
      of 62 (2%) eastern turtledoves (Streptopelia orientalis). One-fourth of the
      contents of the crop and stomach of the crows was human refuse. One-third of the
      crop and stomach contents of gray starlings and blue magpies consisted of
      insects. More than one-half of the contents of bulbuls and eastern turtledoves
      were seeds and plant material. These differences in food habits may be a primary
      factor in the varying prevalence of C. jejuni in these respective avian species.

PMID- 3411704
TI  - An outbreak of type E botulism among common loons (Gavia immer) in Michigan's
      upper peninsula.
AB  - An epizootic of type E botulism (Clostridium botulinum) occurred among common
      loons (Gavia immer) along the Lake Michigan shore of Michigan's Upper Peninsula
      (USA) during October and November 1983. An estimated 592 dead loons washed ashore
      along the Garden Peninsula. Type E botulinal toxin was demonstrated in blood
      samples and stomach contents of dead loons, and in samples of three species of
      dead fish found on the Lake Michigan shore. We suspect that loons acquired
      botulism by ingesting sick or dead fish containing type E toxin.

PMID- 3411705
TI  - Efficacy of ivermectin against Parelaphostrongylus andersoni (Nematoda,
      Metastrongyloidea) in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus).
AB  - Ivermectin was injected subcutaneously at 200 and 400 micrograms/kg of body
      weight into seven white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in an attempt to
      control the muscle nematode Parelaphostrongylus andersoni. Counts of first-stage
      larvae in feces dropped to zero at 17 to 18 days posttreatment. Larvae reappeared
      in feces 1.5 to 6 wk later in six deer. Four deer were treated again
      approximately 9 wk after the first treatment; larval counts dropped to zero in 12
      to 18 days. Larvae reappeared in low numbers 45 to 55 days after the second
      treatment. Because deer were held indoors on cement and the prepatent period of
      these worms is approximately 2 mo, the reappearance of larvae was not due to
      reinfection by accidental ingestion of gastropod intermediate hosts. Results
      suggest that ivermectin at dosages of 200 or 400 micrograms/kg of body weight
      suppressed larval production by adult female nematodes for several weeks or
      destroyed first-stage larvae in the lungs.

PMID- 3411706
TI  - Indices for physiological assessment of nutritional condition in pregnant
      collared peccaries (Tayassu tajacu).
AB  - Hematological and serum biochemical responses to two levels of dietary energy
      (high energy [HE], 3300 kcal digestible energy [DE]/kg; moderate energy [ME],
      2300 kcal DE/kg) and protein (high protein [HP], 16.0% crude protein; moderate
      protein [MP], 8.4% crude protein) during gestation in 15 collared peccaries
      (Tayassu tajacu) were examined. Dietary energy and protein levels influenced body
      weight gain during gestation. Red blood cell counts and lymphocyte concentrations
      were higher and neutrophil concentrations were lower among females fed an HP diet
      compared to those fed an MP diet. Alkaline phosphatase and alpha-2 globulin
      concentrations were higher among females fed an MP diet. Aspartate
      aminotransferase and cholesterol concentrations were higher and calcium and
      thyroxine concentrations were lower among females fed ME diets compared to those
      fed HE diets. These results suggest that physiological indices used in
      combination with morphological measurements can be useful in assessing collared
      peccary nutritional health during gestation.

PMID- 3411707
TI  - Effects of hormone implants on estrus and ovulation in feral mares.
AB  - Five groups of 30 captive feral mares each were implanted with silastic rods
      containing estradiol (E) and/or progesterone (P): E only with 8 g, P only with 24
      g, P+HE with 8 g P + 8 g E, HP+E with 12 g P + 4 g E, HP+LE with 12 g P + 2 g E.
      Arbitrary group designations were differentiated by relative high (H) and low (L)
      amounts of steroid. Thirty mares received silastic rods containing no hormone
      (CI). Five mares from each group were bled every 2 wk for 4 mo and monthly for
      another 5 mo. All mares were tested for estrus by allowing them to stand in an
      alley between two pens of stallions and visually monitoring her response to the
      stallion. Serum P levels increased from 0.3 +/- 0.1 to 1.8 +/- 0.1 ng/ml in the P
      only group during the first 3 wk after implanting. Levels remained stable for the
      next 2 wk and then began a gradual decline. Serum P levels in the other groups
      were lower. Serum E levels were slightly increased in the groups receiving 8 g of
      E (E only and P+HE groups). Significantly fewer animals in the E only and P+HE
      groups exhibited estrus as compared with control animals (10 of 23 and 13 of 26
      versus 22 of 25, respectively, P less than or equal to 0.003). However, animals
      receiving 24 g of P (P only) showed similar occurrences of estrus as
      controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3411708
TI  - Blood chemistry of black bears from Pennsylvania during winter dormancy.
AB  - Twenty-four serum chemistries were measured in blood samples collected from 20
      adult female black bears (Ursus americanus) and their offspring, including 14
      yearlings and 37 cubs, in northeastern Pennsylvania during winter 1984. Four
      other captive adult females were bled before, during, and after they were
      subjected to unseasonably warm temperatures during February. Levels of serum urea
      nitrogen (SUN) and creatinine were lower (P less than 0.05), and iron was higher
      (P less than 0.05) in male cubs compared to female cubs; serum chemistries were
      similar (P greater than or equal to 0.05) between sexes for yearlings. Total
      protein, albumin and creatinine levels increased with age of bears, whereas
      chloride, alkaline phosphatase, potassium, inorganic phosphorus and
      SUN/creatinine were higher (P less than 0.05) in cubs than in yearlings and
      adults. The relatively high serum calcium in cubs was probably related to rapid
      bone development and dietary intake of calcium during winter dormancy in cubs.
      Low serum calcium in adults was attributed to lactation and a lack of dietary
      intake. Urea/creatinine ratios averaged 5.5 and 4.6 for yearling females and
      males, respectively, 6.3 for adult females, and 29.0 and 22.8 for female and male
      cubs, respectively. Levels of serum chemistries of black bears apparently are
      relatively stable during winter denning, when bears are without food or water and
      do not urinate or defecate for several months. This stability indicates that
      black bears are resistant to the extremes in extrinsic environmental conditions.
      Abnormal blood chemistry values may indicate metabolic stresses that are not
      being controlled by bears.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3411710
TI  - Experimental Mycoplasma gallisepticum infections in captive-reared wild turkeys.
AB  - The effects of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) infections on egg production,
      fertility, and hatchability were studied in captive-reared wild turkeys
      (Meleagris gallopavo). Three groups of adult birds, each consisting of four hens
      and two toms, were exposed to MG by the respiratory route at the beginning of
      their breeding season. Fourteen control birds received sterile growth medium.
      Although no mortality of infected or control birds occurred, egg production
      during the first breeding season after infection was reduced. The mean number of
      eggs/hen/day produced by infected groups the first breeding season postexposure
      (PE) was significantly lower than the control value. The mean number of eggs
      produced daily by the same hens 1 yr later was unaffected by MG infection. The
      percentage of fertile eggs produced by infected groups was slightly reduced in
      both the first and second breeding seasons PE. Hatchability of fertile eggs from
      infected hens was significantly lower than eggs from control hens. Productivity
      may be impaired if MG infections occur in free-ranging wild turkey populations.

PMID- 3411709
TI  - Susceptibility of the gray wolf (Canis lupus) to infection with the Lyme disease
      agent, Borrelia burgdorferi.
AB  - Four juvenile gray wolves (Canis lupus) were inoculated with live Borrelia
      burgdorferi. One received an intravenous inoculum, a second was inoculated
      subcutaneously, and two more were fed Peromyscus maniculatus sucklings which had
      earlier been inoculated with B. burgdorferi. The intravenously inoculated wolf
      developed a generalized lymphadenopathy and a persistent serum antibody titer to
      the spirochete which peaked at 1:512. Borrelia burgdorferi was visualized in
      liver sections of this wolf using direct immunofluorescent staining. The
      subcutaneously inoculated wolf showed a low and transient antibody response which
      peaked at 1:64, and manifested no clinical or postmortem abnormalities. The
      wolves which were fed inoculated mice showed no detectable antibody response.
      They were clinically normal throughout the project, and there were no detectable
      lesions at necropsy. Two control wolves were inoculated intravenously with
      formalin killed B. burgdorferi. Serum antibody titers of these controls peaked at
      1:64 and 1:32, respectively, and fell to 1:16 by day 48 postinoculation. A survey
      of serum samples from 78 wild-trapped wolves from Wisconsin and Minnesota
      revealed that one was positive and another was suspect for B. burgdorferi
      infection based on presence of antibody to the spirochete. We conclude that the
      wolf is susceptible to infection by B. burgdorferi and that wolves are being
      infected in the wild.

PMID- 3411711
TI  - Eimeria wobeseri sp. n. and Eimeria goelandi sp. n. (Protozoa: Apicomplexa) in
      the kidneys of herring gulls (Larus argentatus).
AB  - Eimeria wobeseri sp. n. and E. goelandi sp. n. from the kidneys of nestling
      herring gulls (Larus argentatus) are reported. Species descriptions are based on
      the morphology of sporulated oocysts. Oocysts of one or both species were
      recovered from 90 to 100 gulls. Nine of 16 gulls rigorously examined were found
      infected simultaneously with both species. Meronts, gamonts and zygotes were
      observed histologically in epithelial cells of distal tubules, collecting ducts
      and ureters. Sporulated oocysts with thin walls and micropylar caps were present
      within or near collecting ducts and were identified as E. goelandi sp. n. An
      electron-lucent outer layer and electron-dense inner layer of the oocyst wall,
      the ultrastructure of the oocyst wall at the micropylar cap and endogenous
      sporulation of E. goelandi sp. n. are unique observations for a member of the
      genus Eimeria.

PMID- 3411713
TI  - Preliminary evaluation of praziquantel against metacercariae of Nanophyetus
      salmincola in chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha).
AB  - Praziquantel at dosages of 10, 20 or 100 mg/kg of body weight was evaluated
      against metacercariae of Nanophyetus salmincola in chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus
      tshawytscha). Ten salmon were used in each of four treated groups and 10 salmon
      were nontreated controls. Three wk after treatment, viability of metacercariae
      was determined by histologic evaluation, and by feeding the salmon to coyotes and
      subsequently determining the numbers of trematode eggs/g of feces and numbers of
      N. salmincola recovered at necropsy. Results of the experiment indicated that
      praziquantel at the dosages and routes of administration used was not effective
      against metacercariae in chinook salmon.

PMID- 3411712
TI  - Vitamin E in captive and wild black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis).
AB  - The mean plasma level of alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) measured in 31 free-ranging
      black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) was significantly higher (P less than 0.001)
      than that in 11 captive animals (means +/- SE = 0.77 +/- 0.05 and 0.18 +/- 0.03
      micrograms/ml, respectively). Vitamin E status may influence the health of
      captive black rhinoceros; in particular, it may be linked to hemolytic anemia
      commonly observed in these animals in captivity.

PMID- 3411714
TI  - Overwinter survival of carfentanil-immobilized male bison.
AB  - A problem with studies that examine immobilization-related drug effects on large
      mammals is that no true control group exists because untreated (non-captured)
      animals in the same population have not been examined. We present data to show
      that overwinter survival in male bison (Bison bison) immobilized with carfentanil
      was the same as untreated bison. This unique experimental design allows us to
      conclude that the drug had no long-term effect on male bison overwinter survival.

PMID- 3411715
TI  - Characterization of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae isolated from an opossum
      (Didelphis virginiana) with septicemia.
AB  - Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae was isolated from a wild-caught opossum (Didelphis
      virginiana). The opossum was quarantined in isolation and removed from contact
      with other animals. After a 2-mo period it was found dead in its cage, and
      presented for postmortem examination. Pure cultures of Erysipelothrix
      rhusiopathiae (SLU isolate) were recovered from heart blood, liver, spleen and
      lungs. To compare pathogenicity, an experimental infection was attempted in CF1
      mice with a single dose of 1.5 x 10(7) organisms of both an ATCC standard strain
      and SLU isolate of E. rhusiopathiae. Similar signs, lesions and results of
      culture were found for both strains. The findings suggest that opossums can be
      infected with E. rhusiopathiae.

PMID- 3411716
TI  - Transmission of Ancylostoma caninum and Alaria marcianae in coyotes (Canis
      latrans).
AB  - One of seven female coyotes (Canis latrans) captured in Webb County, Texas during
      September 1986 and confined and mated in holding facilities at Millville, Utah
      whelped the following spring. The maternal female (greater than 5-yr-old) and her
      five neonates were killed at 22 days postparturition. All were infected with
      adult Ancylostoma caninum and were passing eggs in their feces. Also, the
      neonates and maternal female were infected with immature and adult Alaria
      marcianae, respectively. These findings suggested that the transmammary route is
      an important transmission mechanism for acquisition of these species of helminths
      in coyotes. The lack of overdispersion in the frequency distribution of these
      parasites and infection of the entire litter indicated that transmission from the
      infected female was nonselective among the pups.

PMID- 3411717
TI  - Dispharynx nasuta (Nematoda) in California quail (Callipepla californica) in
      western Oregon.
AB  - Seventy-six California quail (Callipepla californica) were collected during a 22
      mo period from the E. E. Wilson Wildlife Area near Monmouth, Oregon. Dispharynx
      nasuta occurred in 38% of the birds with a mean intensity of 4.9 +/- 5.1. In one
      of 2 yr, host age was significantly associated with prevalence, with immature
      males showing the highest prevalence (73%). Although C. californica has been the
      subject of several parasitological surveys, this is the first record of D. nasuta
      in this host.

PMID- 3411718
TI  - Larval nematodes (Ascarops sp., Spirurida, Spirocercidae) in liver granulomata of
      the western fence lizard, Sceloporus occidentalis (Iguanidae).
AB  - Prevalence of larval nematodes (Ascarops sp., Spirurida, Spirocercidae) and
      associated granulomata are reported from livers of wild populations of the
      western fence lizard, Sceloporus occidentalis. Granulomata were circumscribed by
      layers of fibrocytes. The encysted nematode was surrounded by masses of
      histiocytes, cellular debris and cells with pyknotic nuclei.

PMID- 3411719
TI  - Metroliasthes lucida in the eastern wild turkey from Rhode Island.
AB  - The cestode, Metroliasthes lucida, is reported for the first time from the
      eastern wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) in Rhode Island, United States; this is
      the first published record from New England. One of eight birds examined was
      infected with 10 cestodes.

PMID- 3411720
TI  - Hepatozoon sp. in wild carnivores in Texas.
AB  - Twelve coyotes (Canis latrans), three bobcats (Lynx rufus) and six ocelots (Felis
      pardalis) from the Gulf Coast of Texas were infected with Hepatozoon sp. The
      geographic distribution of infected wild animals coincides with the highest
      prevalence of Hepatozoon canis infection in domestic dogs for which the wild
      species may act as a reservoir.

PMID- 3411721
TI  - Brain lesions in a Pacific white-sided dolphin (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens).
AB  - A young, male, free-ranging Pacific white-sided dolphin (Lagenorhynchus
      obliquidens) was found disoriented and died after being held in captivity for
      several months. Malacic lesions in several areas of the brain were associated
      with helminth eggs. The appearance and location of these eggs suggested they were
      of the genus Nasitrema.

PMID- 3411722
TI  - Scoliosis and uterine torsion in a pregnant sea otter (Enhydra lutris) from
      California.
AB  - Scoliosis and uterine torsion are described in a pregnant adult sea otter
      (Enhydra lutris) tagged 3 yr prior to death. Apparently, severe scoliosis in sea
      otters can be compatible with good nutritional status and a life-span measured in
      years. No causal correlation of this condition with the animal's death was
      established.

PMID- 3411723
TI  - The usefulness of cholinesterase measurements.

PMID- 3411724
TI  - Don't be discouraged if trying to quit tobacco, Surgeon General urges.

PMID- 3411727
TI  - Issues of drugs and sports gain attention as Olympic games open in South Korea.

PMID- 3411725
TI  - Increasing use of smokeless tobacco leads to fears of young lives being 'snuffed
      out'.

PMID- 3411726
TI  - Even 'knowing better' about smoking, other health risks, may not deter
      adolescents.

PMID- 3411728
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Childhood lead poisoning--United States: report to the
      Congress by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry.

PMID- 3411730
TI  - Sleeplessness and smoking.

PMID- 3411729
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Syphilis and congenital syphilis--United States, 1985-1988.

PMID- 3411731
TI  - Attributes of interventions that stop smoking.

PMID- 3411732
TI  - Heavy smokers, smoking cessation, and clonidine.

PMID- 3411733
TI  - Risk factors for ectopic pregnancy.

PMID- 3411734
TI  - Intravenous cocaine, crack, and HIV infection.

PMID- 3411735
TI  - Postpartum blood requirements and autologous donation.

PMID- 3411737
TI  - A randomized trial of a family physician intervention for smoking cessation.
AB  - We assessed the impact of three conditions on one-year smoking cessation rates.
      Physicians in 70 community general practices were randomly allocated by practice
      to one of three groups: In the usual care group, smoking patients were to receive
      the care they normally would receive. In the gum only group, physicians were
      asked to speak to patients about smoking cessation and offer nicotine gum. In the
      gum plus group, physicians were trained in the experimental intervention. This
      intervention involved advice to stop smoking, the setting of a quit date, the
      offer of nicotine gum, and four follow-up visits. Smoking cessation was measured
      by self-report after one year and validated using saliva cotinine measures. Using
      a criterion of at least three months of abstinence, 8.8% of the patients of the
      trained physicians had stopped smoking at the one-year follow-up compared with
      4.4% and 6.1% of the patients in the usual care and gum only groups,
      respectively.

PMID- 3411736
TI  - Internists and nicotine gum.
AB  - Nicotine gum may be a useful aid to help patients quit smoking. The effectiveness
      of the gum and incidence of side effects may depend on using the gum properly. To
      describe internists' current practices of prescribing nicotine gum and other
      drugs for smoking cessation, we surveyed randomly selected internists. Most
      internists prescribe nicotine gum to fewer than 25% of patients who try to quit
      smoking. Contrary to current recommendations, nearly half of internists would
      suggest gum to help patients cut down on smoking, and a majority would limit its
      use to less than three months. There is no evidence that sedatives are useful for
      smoking cessation, but one fourth of internists had recently prescribed them for
      that purpose. There is a widespread need for physician education about how to use
      nicotine gum more effectively.

PMID- 3411738
TI  - Are heavy smokers different from light smokers? A comparison after 48 hours
      without cigarettes.
AB  - Correlates of heavy smoking (greater than or equal to 25 cigarettes per day) were
      examined in a group of 380 smokers participating in a minimal-contact smoking
      relapse prevention trial. The results indicate that heavy smokers are more
      dependent on cigarettes. Compared with smokers consuming 15 or fewer cigarettes
      per day, heavy smokers reported greater difficulty quitting, were more troubled
      by withdrawal symptoms, experienced stronger urges and cravings, and had higher
      scores on a modified version of the Fagerstrom tolerance questionnaire. Heavy
      smokers weighed more and were more obese as measured by body mass index. Eighty
      percent of heavy smokers were classified correctly using discriminant function
      analysis with two dependence-related measures entering as the most important
      discriminator variables. Logistic regression analyses yielded similar results.
      The findings underscore the importance of addressing potential physical
      dependence factors when developing smoking-cessation treatments for heavy
      smokers.

PMID- 3411739
TI  - Long-term use of nicotine chewing gum. Occurrence, determinants, and effect on
      weight gain.
AB  - Among 538 clients of a Smokers Clinic who were treated with 2-mg nicotine chewing
      gum, 34 (6.3%) were still using the gum at one-year follow-up. This group
      represented 25% of lapse-free abstainers. At one-year follow-up, long-term gum
      users were using an average of 6.8 pieces of gum per day. Long-term gum users
      were similar to treatment failures in cigarette consumption and tobacco
      dependence, while "gum-free" successes were significantly lighter and less
      dependent smokers. Long-term gum users used more gum during the four weeks of
      treatment than treatment failures, who in turn used more than the gum-free
      successes. It is suggested that for many the long-term use of gum was an
      essential ingredient of their success. Long-term gum users gained significantly
      less weight than other long-term treatment successes.

PMID- 3411740
TI  - Acyclovir prevents reactivation of herpes simplex labialis in skiers.
AB  - To determine the effectiveness of an antiviral to prevent herpes labialis during
      a brief, high-risk circumstance, 147 persons with a history of sun-induced
      recurrences were treated prophylactically with oral acyclovir or matching placebo
      and were observed during their ski holidays. Five (7%) of 75 acyclovir-treated
      subjects developed lesions compared with 19 (26%) of 72 persons in the placebo
      group.

PMID- 3411742
TI  - Improving the diagnosis and treatment of nicotine dependence.

PMID- 3411741
TI  - Concentration of Mycobacterium avium by hospital hot water systems.
AB  - Water from 34 sites on two temporarily vacant hospital floors was analyzed for
      the presence of mycobacteria. These sites included 18 cold water taps and 16 hot
      water taps, including shower heads. A total of 14 sites (41%) demonstrated the
      presence of Mycobacterium avium as confirmed by biochemical characterization,
      DNA/rRNA probe analysis, and seroagglutination. Of positive sites, 11 were hot
      water sources with an average temperature of 55 degrees C and yielding up to 500
      colony-forming units per 100 mL. Seven of 11 strains analyzed for glycolipid
      antigens were identified with the type 4 serovar, the preponderant serovar of M
      avium in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome from the Boston area.
      Potable hot water systems, particularly those that generate aerosols, may contain
      concentrations of M avium greater than those found in cold water systems and
      could serve as an environmental source for colonization and infection of
      immunocompromised persons.

PMID- 3411743
TI  - Cost vs safety. The use of low-osmolar contrast media.

PMID- 3411744
TI  - A piece of my mind. When Tom died.

PMID- 3411745
TI  - Risk of AIDS from De Lee suctioning.

PMID- 3411746
TI  - Rare and more prevalent cancers may have much in common at gene level.

PMID- 3411747
TI  - It's hardly sport, but parachuting fire fighters may benefit from what sports
      medicine has learned.

PMID- 3411748
TI  - Challenge for immunization programs: protect preschool, postschool generations.

PMID- 3411749
TI  - Program may train future aerospace physicians.

PMID- 3411750
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Premature mortality due to congenital anomalies--United
      States.

PMID- 3411751
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Arboviral infections of the central nervous system--United
      States, 1987.

PMID- 3411752
TI  - Primary prevention with metoprolol in patients with hypertension.

PMID- 3411753
TI  - Allergy and enlarged adenoids.

PMID- 3411754
TI  - Chiropractic and Judge Getzendanner's injunction.

PMID- 3411755
TI  - Sleep deprivation and resident performance.
AB  - Cognitive and complex motor performance may be impaired by extended sleep
      deprivation, but objective data concerning the effects in residents of the sleep
      deprivation engendered by usual hospital on-call schedules are scant and
      conflicting. We studied three cohorts of surgical residents (N = 26) who were on
      call every other night. Each resident kept a sleep diary, gave a self-assessment
      of motivation and fatigue, and underwent a battery of psychometric tests each
      morning for 18 or 19 days. The psychometric tests measured cognition,
      discernment, visual and auditory vigilance, and rapid eye-hand coordination.
      Sleep deprivation was defined as the lack of four hours of continuous sleep
      during the preceding 24 hours, and it occurred during 89% of the on-call nights.
      Daily testing in a repeated-measures design allowed each participant to serve as
      his or her own control. Sleep deprivation did not affect overall cognitive or
      motor performance. Further analysis of the correlation between sleep parameters
      (total sleep and longest uninterrupted sleep interval) and performance on each
      component of the psychometric test battery identified changes in performance on
      some tests but only trivial effects due to sleep. The assumption that sleep
      deprivation associated with usual on-call schedules impairs cognitive and motor
      performance of residents such that clinical care of patients may be compromised
      is not supported by our observations.

PMID- 3411756
TI  - Cardiovascular disease risk reduction for tenth graders. A multiple-factor school
      based approach.
AB  - All tenth graders in four senior high schools (N = 1447) from two school
      districts participated in a cardiovascular disease risk-reduction trial. Within
      each district, one school was assigned at random to receive a special 20-session
      risk-reduction intervention and one school served as a control. At a two-month
      follow-up, risk factor knowledge scores were significantly greater for students
      in the treatment group. Compared with controls, a higher proportion of those in
      the treatment group who were not exercising regularly at baseline reported
      regular exercise at follow-up. Almost twice as many baseline experimental smokers
      in the treatment group reported quitting at follow-up, while only 5.6% of
      baseline experimental smokers in the treatment group graduated to regular smoking
      compared with 10.3% in the control group. Students in the treatment group were
      more likely to report that they would choose "heart-healthy" snack items.
      Beneficial treatment effects were observed for resting heart rate, body mass
      index, triceps skin fold thickness, and subscapular skin fold thickness. The
      results suggest that it is feasible to provide cardiovascular disease risk
      reduction training to a large segment of the population through school-based
      primary prevention approaches.

PMID- 3411757
TI  - Assessment of laboratory quality in urine drug testing. A proficiency testing
      pilot study.
AB  - As part of a program to develop accreditation guidelines for urine drug testing
      laboratories, a pilot study for proficiency testing was conducted. Fifty
      civilian, commercial laboratories were included on a voluntary basis. Drug-free
      urine specimens were collected and either fortified with commonly abused drugs at
      concentrations comparable to casual use or submitted unfortified to participating
      laboratories as blanks. Samples were submitted on both an open and blind basis to
      the laboratories. Laboratory performance on open proficiency testing was
      comparable with that reported in existing proficiency testing programs. Blind
      proficiency testing produced less accurate results in terms of apparent false
      negatives, but significant difficulties were evident in carrying out blind
      testing and in comparing its results with those of open testing. Specific
      problems have been identified to guide future programs.

PMID- 3411759
TI  - The process of peer review of scientific manuscripts.

PMID- 3411758
TI  - Quality assessment. Moving from theory to practice.

PMID- 3411761
TI  - Poetry and medicine. "To waken an old lady.".

PMID- 3411762
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging in familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy associated
      with abnormal thallium perfusion and cardiac enzymes.
AB  - Gated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed in 6 patients with familial
      hypertrophic cardiomyopathy associated with abnormal thallium perfusion, and 12
      patients with ordinary hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The patients with ordinary
      hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and abnormal thickening of the septal wall and normal
      left ventricular dimensions, while the patients with familial hypertrophic
      cardiomyopathy had focal wall thinning (usually involving the apical-septal wall)
      and dilated left ventricle in addition to hypertrophied heart. The quantitative
      measurement for cardiac dimensions using MRI was similar to that found on
      echocardiography in all cases. In addition, inhomogeneous signal intensities at
      left ventricular wall were observed in 3 cases of familial hypertrophic
      cardiomyopathy, which may suggest the existence of myocardial fibrosis. Gated MRI
      should be performed for early detection and follow-up of hypertrophic
      cardiomyopathy, since some patients will progress from hypertrophic
      cardiomyopathy to dilated cardiomyopathy.

PMID- 3411760
TI  - A piece of my mind. Reflections.

PMID- 3411763
TI  - Factors affecting biventricular function following surgical repair of tetralogy
      of Fallot.
AB  - Right and left ventricular functions were assessed in children following surgical
      repair of tetralogy of Fallot. The results were analyzed with regard to the
      relative contribution of preoperative, perioperative and postoperative factors to
      postoperative functional abnormalities. Pulmonary regurgination of our Grade 3 or
      more depressed right and left ventricular ejection fractions and enlarged right
      ventricular end-diastolic volume. Right and left ventricular ejection fractions
      in patients with residual right ventricular outflow pressure gradients over 30
      mmHg were significantly lower than those in patients with pressure gradients of
      30 mmHg or less. The majority of those pressure gradients were at the pulmonary
      annulus or central pulmonary artery. Right and left ventricular ejection
      fractions were significantly lower in patients with a preoperative aortic oxygen
      saturation of less than 80% than in patients with one of 80% or more. The 3
      variables of pulmonary regurgitation, residual pulmonary stenosis, preoperative
      aortic oxygen saturation were statistically independent. Left ventricular
      ejection fraction and end-diastolic volume correlated with the right ventricular
      ejection fraction and end-diastolic volume, respectively (r = 0.63, r = 0.68).
      These results show that severe pulmonary regurgitation, significant annular or
      central pulmonary stenosis and preoperative hypoxia are major contributing
      factors to right ventricular dysfunction after surgical repair of tetralogy of
      Fallot. The postoperative left ventricular dysfunction can be largely attributed
      to dysfunction of the right ventricle.

PMID- 3411764
TI  - Reduced early diastolic extension in the infarcted portion in patients with old
      myocardial infarction.
AB  - To study relaxation characteristics of the infarcted myocardium, cyclic changes
      in the global left ventricular (LV) volume were measured in 20 patients with old
      myocardial infarction (OMI) and 17 normals (Normal) and those in the regional
      segment length were measured in 9 patients with anterior old myocardial
      infarction (anterior OMI) and 11 normals. The LV volume was calculated by using
      biplane LV cineangiograms. The regional segment length was calculated by
      measuring the spatial length between the 2 points of the ramifying branches on
      the left coronary arteries by using biplane coronary cineangiograms. The LV
      filling volume before atrial contraction (VR) was significantly less in the OMI
      compared with that in the normals (Normal 38 +/- 6 (mean +/- SD) ml/m2 vs 30 +/-
      7 ml/m2: p less than 0.01), while filling volume by atrial contraction (Va) did
      not significantly differ (Normal 15 +/- 4 ml/m2 vs OMI 17 +/- 5 ml/m2). The
      lengthening of the segmental wall during diastole before atrial contraction (%LR)
      in the infarcted portion was 5.0 +/- 2.9% which was also significantly less than
      that in the non-infarcted portion (9.6 +/- 4.2%). The extent of lengthening by
      atrial contraction (%La) did not differ between the 2 portions (non-infarcted
      portion 3.8 +/- 1.1% vs infarcted portion 3.5 +/- 1.2%). Reduction of %LR was
      speculated to be caused by the incomplete relaxation in the myocardium adjacent
      to the infarcted portion and stiff myocardium in the infarcted portion. This
      study suggests that the infarcted myocardium may lead to a reduction of diastolic
      expansion before atrial contraction.

PMID- 3411766
TI  - 51th annual scientific session of the Japanese Circulation Society. April 1,
      1987, Tokyo. Panel discussion on problems in the treatment of cardiovascular
      diseases in the elderly.

PMID- 3411765
TI  - Importance of regurgitant fraction for left ventricular end-systolic wall stress
      to end-systolic volume ratio in patients with chronic mitral regurgitation.
AB  - End-systolic wall stress to end-systolic volume index (ESWS/ESVI) ratio is an
      index of myocardial contractility. In the presence of mitral regurgitation (MR),
      this ratio may be modified by the unloading effect of a leakage of flow into the
      low pressure left atrium. Therefore, to evaluate whether or not this ratio is an
      index of myocardial function in patients with MR, we compared the ratio with
      conventional measurements of myocardial performance in 11 patients with moderate
      to severe MR. The ESWS/ESVI ratio was 3.9 +/- 1.6 kdyn/cm5 per m2 in MR and
      slightly lower than the control value of 4.6 +/- 0.6 kdyn/cm5 per m2. The
      correlation between ESWS/ESVI ratio and ejection fraction was poor (r = 0.05,
      p:NS), while there was a close inverse correlation between the ratio and
      regurgitant fraction (r = 0.76, p less than 0.01). These results strongly suggest
      that ESWS/ESVI ratio is a better indicator of myocardial function than ejection
      fraction in MR; however, this ratio could be affected by not only the inotropic
      state of the ventricle, but also by the extent of mitral regurgitation.

PMID- 3411767
TI  - Cardiovascular disease in the aged: overview of an autopsy series.
AB  - As an overview of cardiovascular disease in the aged, 3657 autopsy cases were
      analyzed for the frequency and age-wise incidence of cardiovascular disease. The
      three major categories, ischemic heart disease, valvular heart disease, and
      aortic aneurysm and dissection were described. 1. The incidence of overall
      cardiovascular disease increases sharply between the ages of 60 and 75.
      Prevention and treatment could be effectively directed at this age group. 2. The
      incidence of organic cardiovascular disease was: myocardial infarction 19.8
      percent; valvular disease 10.0 percent; arteriosclerosis obliterans 3.5 percent;
      aortic aneurysm and dissection 3.3 percent; pericarditis 2.1 percent;
      cardiomyopathy 1.6 percent; cor pulmonale 1.4 percent; congenital heart disease
      0.7 percent; and others 0.8 percent. 3. As coronary sclerosis progresses, death
      from ischemic heart disease increases; however, 7 out of 10 patients with 3
      vessel disease still die of causes other than ischemic heart disease (pneumonia,
      malignancy etc.). The general management of infection and malignant neoplasms is
      important in addition to treatment of cardiovascular disease. 4. Except for
      mitral stenosis, valvular heart disease, the etiology of which is mostly non
      rheumatic, increases with advancing age. 5. In aortic aneurysm, the rupture rate
      is relatively high in the thoracic aorta; however, this may be caused by the
      successful surgical repair of abdominal aneurysms. An aneurysm below 6 cm in
      diameter is not absolutely safe from rupture. 6. In aortic dissection, the
      interval from onset to the death of the patient is often too short to consider
      surgery.

PMID- 3411768
TI  - Acute myocardial infarction in the elderly.
AB  - Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death in the elderly. In fact,
      the cardiovascular disease is the number one cause of death in women and the
      number two cause in men of 65 years or over in Japan. We studied the clinical
      characteristics and significances of acute myocardial infarction as they relate
      to the aged.

PMID- 3411769
TI  - Problems in the management of elderly patients with valvular heart disease.
AB  - One hundred and nine patients over the age of 65 years with valvular heart
      disease have been reviewed. Of these, 57 patients were treated medically (medical
      group) and the remaining 52 patients underwent valve surgery (surgical group). Of
      the 57 patients who were treated medically, 46 (81%) were in NYHA Functional
      Class I or II, 7 were in Class III, and 4 were in Class IV. Among these, there
      were 8 deaths. The 5 year survival rate of the medical group, calculated by the
      actuarial method, was 90 +/- 5%. Eight patients had a nonfatal cerebrovascular
      accident. Of the 52 elderly patients who underwent valve surgery, 20 were in NYHA
      Functional Class II, 21 were in Class III, and 11 were in Class IV. Of these,
      there were 5 operative deaths (9.6%). Four patients died of postoperative low
      cardiac output syndrome and renal failure. One died of intraoperative aortic
      dissection. Of the 470 patients under the age of 65 years, there were 15
      operative deaths (3.2%). Forty-one of the 47 hospital survivors have improved
      their cardiac functional classification, while 6 patients have remained in the
      same class as preoperatively. The average NYHA Class prior to operation was 2.7
      improved to Class 1.3 after operation. The 3 year survival rate of the surgical
      group, calculated by the actuarial method, was 81 +/- 6%. Thus, the prognosis of
      asymptomatic elderly patients is good. Although operative mortality for the
      symptomatic elderly patients is relatively high, valve surgery can be performed
      with a satisfactory prognostic outlook.

PMID- 3411770
TI  - Early and late results of valvular surgery in the elderly.
AB  - From January, 1979 to June, 1986, 70 consecutive elderly patients (30 males and
      40 females) age 65 years or older underwent open heart surgery for valvular heart
      diseases at Mitsui Memorial Hospital in Tokyo. Seventeen patients (24.3%) were
      septuagenarians. Porcine bioprosthesis (Carpentier-Edwards) was inserted for the
      mitral and the tricuspid position, and mechanical valve (Bjork-Shiley or
      Duromedics) for the aortic position. Every patients received an anticoagulant
      (warfarin) postoperatively all through the follow-up period. The mean duration of
      follow-up was 43 months and the cumulative follow-up was 195 patient-years.
      Fifteen patients died in hospital after operation, giving an operative mortality
      rate of 21.4%. Cardiac death occurred in only 5 and the other 10 patients died of
      other causes such as sepsis, cerebrovascular accident, and agranulocytosis,
      showing that these patients were already in an advanced stage of cardiac failure.
      Late death occurred in 5 patients, but there was no clear-cut cardiac death
      documented. The actuarial survival rates at 3 years and 5 years were 71.6% and
      65.9% for all patients, and 90.5% and 83.3% for early survivors. The functional
      and symptomatic improvement of 49 late survivors was remarkable. Thirty-eight
      patients (77.6%) are now NYHA class I and II. The incidence of thromboembolic and
      hemorrhagic episodes was fairly low--2% and 3% per patient year, respectively.
      Although the operative mortality is rather high in this study, it is clear that
      the surgical management of elderly patients with life-threatening valvular
      lesions results in substantial functional improvement and good prognosis in
      surviving patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3411771
TI  - Current surgical treatment and results for aneurysm of the thoracic aorta in
      elderly patients.
AB  - During the period from January, 1983 to December, 1986, a total of 199 patients
      with thoracic aortic aneurysm underwent surgical treatment in our Cardiovascular
      Surgical Service. During this period, criteria for surgical indications were
      established and general surgical principles and techniques were standardized. As
      a consequence, surgical results appeared to stabilize during this period. It was
      clearly established that the surgical result for patients over 65 years was poor
      with high mortality compared to the younger age group (38.6% vs 7.2%). This
      tendency was in sharp contrast to that of abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery where
      low mortality (3%) was obtained regardless of age. Other factors influencing high
      mortality were as follows: 1) atherosclerosis as an etiological background, 2)
      aneurysm situated at the aortic arch, 3) Urgency for surgery, 4) pre- and
      postoperative status of respiratory and renal function. Late follow-up results
      showed that 25% of patients died, while 66% are in fair condition.

PMID- 3411773
TI  - Surgical treatment of abdominal and thoracic aortic aneurysms in aged patients.
AB  - A total of 378 patients with aortic aneurysm, consisting of 128 with abdominal
      aortic aneurysm (AAA) and 250 with thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA), underwent
      operation in our institution during the past 20 years. Of these patients, 58 with
      AAA and 63 with TAA were 65 years old or over. Preoperative complications tended
      to be observed more frequently in the aged patients than in the younger, 'non
      aged' patients. The early mortalities in the aged group were 5% for elective AAA
      operation, 40% for emergency AAA operation, 11% for elective TAA operation and
      41% for emergency TAA operation. The 5-year survival rates in the aged group were
      78.3 +/- 5.8% for AAA and 63.4 +/- 4.0% for TAA, which were not significantly
      different from those in the non-aged group, respectively. Postoperative
      complications tended to occur more frequently in the aged patients than in the
      non-aged patients both for AAA and TAA. The present data suggest that aggressive
      surgical treatment for aortic aneurysm in the aged is warranted unless other
      serious organ failure exists.

PMID- 3411775
TI  - [The effect of tetrodotoxin (TTX) on cardiovascular dynamics].

PMID- 3411776
TI  - [Plasma concentrations of leukotrienes during and after cardiopulmonary bypass].

PMID- 3411772
TI  - Surgical and medical treatments of true and dissecting aortic aneurysm in cases
      over 65 years old.
AB  - Ninety-one patients with true and dissecting aortic aneurysm were reviewed. They
      ranged in age from 65 to 87 years (mean 71 years). Forty-eight patients were
      diagnosed with abdominal aortic aneurysm, 21 patients with thoracic aortic
      aneurysm and 22 patients with dissecting aortic aneurysm. They were divided into
      2 categories, surgical group and non-surgical, and the prognoses of the 2 groups
      were compared. The average age of surgically treated cases was significantly
      younger than that of non-surgical cases. This study suggests that elective
      operation should be considered for abdominal aortic aneurysms because of the high
      risk of late rupture. In older patients with thoracic aortic aneurysm, the
      prognosis was better in surgically treated patients than in those not treated.
      However, the surgical mortality rate of elective operation was high. The surgical
      mortality rate of older patients with dissecting aortic aneurysm was not
      satisfactory, and medical treatment which decreases blood pressure should be
      considered first. All patients classified as Stanford type A should be operated
      on if possible.

PMID- 3411774
TI  - [Thiamylal reduces the inhibition of dorsal horn lamina V type neuronal activity
      induced by bradykinin injection into the femoral artery contralateral to the
      recording site].

PMID- 3411777
TI  - [Serial changes in FPA and FPB beta 15-42 during surgery with cardiopulmonary
      bypass].

PMID- 3411780
TI  - [The effect of static electricity on circulatory system].

PMID- 3411778
TI  - [Systolic and diastolic functions of the ischemic canine myocardium during
      halothane anesthesia].

PMID- 3411779
TI  - [A comparison of effects on renal sympathetic nerve responses to RA642 and
      catecholamines during hemorrhagic shock in anesthetized rabbits].

PMID- 3411781
TI  - [The effect of urinastatin on renal blood flow and urine volume in deliberate
      hypotension anesthesia].

PMID- 3411782
TI  - [Anesthesia for the release of acute pericardial tamponade].

PMID- 3411783
TI  - [A case of unilateral pulmonary edema during surgery].

PMID- 3411784
TI  - [Cytokines and receptors--their functions, structures and cloning of code genes.
      Killer helper factor].

PMID- 3411785
TI  - The incidence of secondary tumors of the heart and pericardium: a 10-year study.
AB  - Secondary tumors of the heart and pericardium are much more common than primary
      tumors. During a 10-year period (1976-1985), only one instance of a primary tumor
      (malignant mesothelioma) was identified among 2,649 autopsies of malignant tumors
      at the National Cancer Center Hospital. In contrast, there were 407 cases in
      which heart and/or pericardium were secondarily involved with a malignant tumor
      from other organs. In 78 cases, the secondary tumors were present only in the
      pericardium, while in 329 cases, the tumors involved the heart itself with or
      without pericardial involvement. Among the primary tumors, three-quarters were
      carcinomas of various organs. In addition there were 53 hematologic malignancies,
      19 melanomas and 17 sarcomas. In 31 cases, cardiac failure was the direct cause
      of death. The secondary tumors of the heart were often overlooked clinically
      because the cardiac dysfunction appeared to be part of the deteriorating general
      condition. Electrocardiography and echocardiography were often helpful in
      suggesting the presence of cardiac metastases. Appropriate diagnostic procedures
      and therapeutic intervention should be considered for the care of patients with
      advanced malignancy and sudden onset of cardiac failure.

PMID- 3411786
TI  - Detection of soluble tumor-associated antigens in sera and effusions using novel
      monoclonal antibodies, KL-3 and KL-6, against lung adenocarcinoma.
AB  - Two novel monoclonal antibodies, KL-3 (IgM) and KL-6 (IgG1), which can detect
      soluble antigens in sera and effusions (molecular weights greater than 1,000 K)
      were produced against human pulmonary adenocarcinoma VMRC-LCR cells. KL-3 and KL
      6 antibodies reacted with asialo- and sialo-carbohydrate antigenic determinants,
      respectively. Both carbohydrate epitopes appear, from competitive inhibition
      studies, to be different from Lex, Ley, sialyl Lea and sialyl Lexi which were
      recognized with FH2, AH6, NS19-9 and FH6 antibodies, respectively. Using an
      enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, elevated KL-6 antigen levels were frequently
      observed in the sera of patients with lung adenocarcinoma [52% (17/33)],
      pancreatic cancer [44% (4/9)] and breast cancer [40% (8/20)], but infrequently in
      the sera of patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma [18% (4/22)], lung small
      cell carcinoma [8% (1/13)], gastric cancer [0% (0/19)], colorectal cancer [0%
      (0/8)] and hepatocellular cancer [13% (1/8)]. The levels and positive rates of
      serum KL-6 antigen increased with the progression of clinical stage of lung
      adenocarcinoma. In pleural effusions, the prevalences of lung adenocarcinoma
      cases with elevated levels of KL-3 and KL-6 antigens were 76% (13/17) and 82%
      (14/17), respectively. These monoclonal antibodies can define novel soluble
      antigens in sera and effusions which could be useful in tumor diagnoses and for
      monitoring tumor progression.

PMID- 3411789
TI  - Imaging diagnosis of von Hippel-Lindau disease: a case report.
AB  - A patient with typical manifestations of von Hippel-Lindau disease is presented.
      In this 44 year-old man, cerebellar hemangioblastoma was found initially and he
      was operated upon at the age of 25. This was followed by retinal angiomas treated
      by cryocoagulation and, recently, by paresthesia of both legs and frequent
      shooting pains over the lower abdomen. A computed tomography disclosed multiple
      small cysts of the pancreas, bilateral multicentric renal carcinomas and a spinal
      angioma in the lumbar portion, confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging, and
      consistent with neurogenic manifestations. Multiple enucleations of the renal
      cell carcinomas were carried out, most of which were histologically well
      differentiated adenocarcinomas. There was no family cluster. Six months
      postoperative, the patient is doing well.

PMID- 3411788
TI  - Bacteremia complicating acute leukemia with special reference to its incidence
      and changing etiological patterns.
AB  - Over the 15-yr period, 1972-1986, 194 episodes of bacteremia occurred in 132
      patients with acute leukemia at the Third Department of Medicine, Kanazawa
      University Hospital, giving an incidence of 478 episodes per 1,000 hospital
      admissions. This incidence was at least twice as high as that in patients with
      chronic leukemia, malignant lymphoma, multiple myeloma or aplastic anemia, and
      about 40-fold higher than that in patients with all other internal diseases. The
      rate of occurrence of bacteremia, whether unimicrobial or polymicrobial, remained
      almost unchanged throughout the study period. The frequency of gram-negative
      bacilli decreased significantly, however, from 81% of the total isolates for the
      first 10-yr period to 50% for the second 5-yr period. Escherichia coli and
      Klebsiella pneumoniae were isolated in markedly decreasing frequency, but
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter cloacae in relatively constant frequency.
      The majority of P. aeruginosa isolates belonged to a limited number of O-antigen
      groups, suggesting the possibility of nosocomial infection. On the other hand,
      the frequency of gram-positive cocci increased from 9 to 36%. Staphylococcus
      epidermidis, Enterococcus species, and Staphylococcus aureus emerged as important
      pathogens. Such a change in the spectrum of organisms was considered to coincide
      with the common use of the so-called second- and third-generation cephalosporins
      and central venous catheters. It is thus suggested that vancomycin be added to
      empiric antibiotic therapy, especially when gram-positive infections are
      clinically or microbiologically suspected, and that reducing the acquisition of
      P. aeruginosa from the hospital environment remains a priority in infection
      prevention.

PMID- 3411787
TI  - Soft tissue sarcomas in Osaka, Japan (1962-1985): review of 290 cases.
AB  - Two hundred and ninety patients with soft tissue sarcomas (STS) in Osaka, Japan,
      were reviewed. The patients' ages ranged from one month to 84 years (mean 51
      years) with a male to female ratio of 1.23:1. The tumors were located in the
      extremities (120 cases), the trunk (76 cases), the abdominal cavity (40 cases),
      and the head and neck (43 cases). Histologically the tumors were classified as
      malignant fibrous histiocytoma (101 cases, 34.8%), liposarcoma (28 cases, 9.7%),
      synovial sarcoma (24 cases, 8.3%), rhabdomyosarcoma (23 cases, 7.9%), neurogenic
      sarcoma (20 cases, 6.9%), fibrosarcoma (16 cases, 5.5%), leiomyosarcoma (16
      cases, 5.5%) and others. From the present study, it appears that there are no
      significant differences between STS in Japan and Western countries with regard to
      the distributions of histological type and primary site.

PMID- 3411790
TI  - [Experimental production of micropapular light eruption].

PMID- 3411791
TI  - [Cholesterol synthesis in experimental xanthoma tissues].

PMID- 3411794
TI  - Proceedings of the 32nd annual meeting of the Japan Society of Human Genetics,
      1987. Abstracts.

PMID- 3411792
TI  - Melatonin and glucocorticoid hormones.
AB  - The synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone (2.5, 5 or 10 micrograms/day),
      administered in the drinking water for 7 days, significantly reduced body weight
      gain, thymus weight and adrenal weight in female rats. Concomitant administration
      of melatonin (0.2 or 1.0 mg, i.p.) at either 8.00 or 16.00 h did not alter the
      glucocorticoid effect on any of these parameters. In competition binding studies
      melatonin did not compete with 3H-dexamethasone for binding to glucocorticoid
      receptors in thymus cytosol from adrenalectomized rats. By these indices,
      therefore, melatonin does not appear to be a glucocorticoid antagonist.

PMID- 3411795
TI  - Medicolegal identification of semen by an isotachophoretic assay of choline.

PMID- 3411793
TI  - Immune responses in mice infected with Schistosoma japonicum and treated with
      praziquantel in special reference to the role of egg antigen.
AB  - The sequential change of class-specific antibodies to antigens of the Schistosoma
      japonicum egg and adult worm in mice after treatment with a single oral dose of
      praziquantel (PZQ) at 100 mg/kg was studied using ELISA in regard to the
      resulting release of egg antigen. In 3 out of 4 mice treated with PZQ, only IgM
      antibody to egg antigen was drastically declined from 30 min to 6 hr after
      treatment, and then gradually rose to the initial level after 2 to 3 days. After
      adding 100 micrograms/ml PZQ to the serum from infected mouse in vitro, no
      reduction of antibody activity was observed. In 2 infected mice intravenously
      injected with 1.5 mg of egg antigen only anti-egg IgM was remarkably reduced
      shortly after injection and fatal anaphylactic reactions occurred after 30 or 60
      min. By the inhibition ELISA, the amount of circulating immune complex (CIC) in
      serum was shown to be correlated with increase in amount of egg antigen and with
      decrease in titers of anti-egg IgM. The results suggested that, after treatment
      with PZQ, miracidia within eggs in host tissues hatched and that there was
      increased release of egg antigen which was bound by IgM to produce CIC. This
      resulted in transiently lower levels of anti-egg IgM antibody. The antigen
      release may also cause anaphylactic reactions such as abdominal pain and vomiting
      reported in many post-treatment patients.

PMID- 3411796
TI  - [Immunohistochemical studies on ABO(H)- and Lewis-activities in the primate
      tissues and cells].

PMID- 3411797
TI  - [Immunochemical studies on an iron-binding protein (seminoferrin) originating in
      the seminal vesicles--forensic immunological studies of body fluids and
      secretions, report 32].

PMID- 3411798
TI  - [Immunochemical studies of a glycoprotein (alpha 2-seminoglycoprotein; alpha 2
      SGP) in seminal plasma--forensic immunological studies of body fluids and
      secretions, report 33].

PMID- 3411800
TI  - [Pharmacokinetic implication of an acute meprobamate poisoning case].

PMID- 3411799
TI  - [Studies on sex determination using human dental pulp. I. The observation of Y
      chromatin for the paraffin section using quinacrine mustard staining].

PMID- 3411801
TI  - [Distribution of phenobarbital and methamphetamine in gastric mucosa--an
      immunohistochemical study].

PMID- 3411802
TI  - [Annual reports of investigations into the circumstances of death at five
      coroners' offices in the United States compared to that of Tokyo's medical
      examiner's office].

PMID- 3411803
TI  - [A drug abuse information system in the United States of America].

PMID- 3411804
TI  - Formaldehyde poisoning: report of an autopsy case.

PMID- 3411805
TI  - [A case report of death from neuroleptic malignant syndrome].

PMID- 3411806
TI  - [Gas chromatographic and gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric determination of
      trichlorfon in biological fluids collected in a fatal Dipterex poisoning].

PMID- 3411807
TI  - Corneal endothelial changes associated with herpetic stromal keratitis.
AB  - Wide-field specular microscopy was performed on both eyes of 33 patients with
      unilateral herpetic stromal keratitis. Endothelial changes were quantitated by
      computerized morphometric analysis of individual cells. In the 16 patients with
      disciform keratitis, the corneal endothelium of the affected eyes showed no
      difference in cell density but demonstrated significant increases of variation in
      cell size (polymegathism) and shape (pleomorphism) when compared to the cells in
      the fellow unaffected eyes. The eyes with keratouveitis (17 patients), however,
      had marked polymegathism and pleomorphism of the endothelium and a distinctly
      lower endothelial cell density (mean, 19%) than the healthy fellow eyes.

PMID- 3411809
TI  - Congenital fistulas of the lacrimal sac.
AB  - Four patients with congenital lacrimal sac fistulas are presented. All cases were
      unilateral and not associated with an occluded nasolacrimal duct. In three cases,
      the fistula and surrounding skin were surgically removed. The fourth case
      required no treatment. Microscopic examination revealed that the fistulas were
      lined with stratified, squamous epithelium with or without keratosis, suggesting
      that they may have developed as outgrowths from the sac or common canaliculus.

PMID- 3411810
TI  - Unilateral disc-shaped cataract with coloboma of lens.
AB  - A case of unilateral disc-shaped cataract with coloboma of the lens is reported.
      The patient, a 17-year-old girl, had best corrected visual acuity of 0.01 (+ 9 D)
      in the right eye and 1.2 in the left eye. Exotropia of 10 Hirschberg degrees was
      found in her right eye. The visual disturbance of that eye was thought to be due
      to amblyopia. The pupillary center of the lens was very thin and membranous, with
      no nucleus. A ring-like hypertrophic cataract was observed from the lens equator
      to the periphery of the pupillary area. A bow-shaped coloboma of the lens was
      found from 3 to 5 o'clock, where the Zinn's zonule was coarse. Some dozen bright
      white spots were dispersed temporally from the periphery of the macular ring.
      This combination of disc-shaped cataract with the coloboma of lens is the first
      such case reported.

PMID- 3411808
TI  - Corneoscleral ulceration in congenital erythropoietic porphyria (a case report).
AB  - A case of congenital erythropoietic porphyria, with corneoscleral ulceration, a
      rare association in this disorder, was reported. Anterior segment ischemia is
      believed to play an important role in the etiopathogenesis of corneoscleral
      ulceration. Remarkable improvement occurred with use of topical heparin drops
      (500 units/ml).

PMID- 3411811
TI  - Complications of hypermature cataract: spontaneous absorption of lens material
      and phacolytic glaucoma-associated retinal perivasculitis.
AB  - Uncommon complications of hypermature cataract in two aged patients are
      described. One patients, a 58-year-old woman, with unilateral hypermature
      cataract secondary to Fuchs' heterochromic cyclitis developed spontaneous
      absorption of the lens material, followed by its dislocation into the anterior
      chamber. The other patient, a 63-year-old woman, showed phacolytic glaucoma
      associated with extensive retinal perivasculitis which concurred with leakage of
      hypermature cataractous lens material and subsided with its complete absorption.
      Histopathology of the membraneous cataract revealed degenerative changes of the
      capsule and extinction of the epithelial cells and cortical fibers.

PMID- 3411812
TI  - Application of lipid microsphere drug delivery system to steroidal ophthalmic
      preparation.
AB  - The applicability of a lipid microsphere drug delivery system to ophthalmic
      preparations was examined using a lipid microsphere containing hydrocortisone 17
      butyrate 21-propionate (HBP). 3H-labelled HBP ophthalmic suspension and 3H
      labelled HBP lipid microsphere were applied to rabbit eyes, and the eyes were
      enucleated after 1 and 3 hours to determine 3H-labelled HBP levels in the ocular
      tissues. The lipid microsphere proved to deliver the drug to the anterior ocular
      tissues more significantly than the ophthalmic suspension. It is suggested that
      the lipid microsphere ophthalmic preparation of various lipophilic drugs
      including steroids may be useful as one of the drug delivery systems for
      ophthalmic therapy.

PMID- 3411813
TI  - Effect of Yag-laser anterior capsulotomy on the biochemical content of aqueous
      humor.
AB  - Elevation of prostaglandins and protein in the aqueous humor is an immediate
      response to Yag-laser anterior capsulotomy. There was a significant correlation
      between prostaglandins and thromboxane to the elevation of intraocular pressure.
      The elevation of protein concentration was proportional to the elevation of
      prostaglandin F1, but not to thromboxane. The biochemical changes in the aqueous
      humor were more severe as laser power was increased above 3 mj. While the role of
      prostaglandins in the elevation of intraocular pressure is uncertain, the present
      data recommend the selection of laser power below 3 mj to avoid pressure rise
      instead of inhibition of all prostaglandin synthesis by medication.

PMID- 3411814
TI  - Glycosaminoglycans in choroid.
AB  - Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) purified from bovine choroidal tissues were identified
      and found to be composed of dermatan sulfate with smaller amounts of hyaluronic
      acid and heparan sulfate. Although biochemical analysis of unsaturated
      disaccharides (delta DiS) revealed the existence of delta Di-6S and delta Di-4S,
      corresponding GAG isomers were not identified as spots on the electrophoresis.
      Dermatan sulfate purified from the choroid seems to be a hybrid containing
      chondroitin sulfate C and chondroitin sulfate A.

PMID- 3411816
TI  - Influence of light optomotor reflex on intraoperative adjustment of eye muscle
      surgery.
AB  - The eyes diverge under general anesthesia. The amount of divergence is
      predictable: there is a linear relationship between the preoperative and the
      anesthetized eye position. We recently reported that adjusting the amount of
      surgery to be done in cases deviating from this correlation significantly
      improved surgical results. The light optomotor reflex had not, however, been
      considered in making these measurements. We modified our procedure to eliminate
      this reflex in our next 100 patients. The measurements were not significantly
      different from prior studies. We confirmed the prior regression formula of Apt
      and Isenberg (A = 0.8P + 30) and our previously reported improvement in surgical
      success rate (from 47% to 88%) following intraoperative adjustment of the amount
      of surgery to be performed.

PMID- 3411815
TI  - Acute retinal necrosis syndrome following chickenpox in pregnant woman.
AB  - A pregnant woman presented with acute retinal necrosis syndrome (ARNS) involving
      both eyes. She had had varicella eruption one month before the onset of the
      disease. Antibody titer to the varicella-zoster virus was elevated in the aqueous
      humor of both eyes. To our knowledge, this is the first report which showed
      apparent association of varicella eruption with ARNS caused by varicella-zoster
      virus.

PMID- 3411818
TI  - Effect of single or chronic injection with a carbamate, propoxur, on the brain
      cholinergic system and behavior of mice.
AB  - Propoxur, an anticholinesterase carbamate, was injected singly (10 mg/kg, s.c.)
      or chronically (5 mg/kg/day, s.c., for 10 days) into mice. Animals were examined
      for effects on the cholinergic system in brain tissue and on behavior. Single
      injection caused an increase in brain acetylcholine (ACh) content at 10 and 60
      min; and it caused decreases in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity at 10, 60
      and 180 min, high-affinity choline uptake into synaptosomes at 10 and 60 min, and
      [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB) binding at 10 min without causing any change in
      choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity. Open-field behavior and rotarod
      performance were depressed at 10 min and rectal temperature was decreased at 10,
      60 and 120 min after a single injection. Chronic treatment caused decreases in
      high-affinity choline uptake and [3H]QNB binding 24 hr after the final injection
      without any changes in ACh content, AChE activity or ChAT activity. In behavioral
      tests conducted 10 min prior to daily administration, rotarod performance was
      slightly suppressed only during the period of injection. Although propoxur is
      considered to have effects similar to those of organophosphorus compounds, the
      changes observed in the present experiments seemed to be reversible.

PMID- 3411819
TI  - Calcium antagonistic effects and the in vitro duration of actions of KW-3049, a
      new 1,4-dihydropyridine derivative, in isolated canine coronary arteries.
AB  - The newly-developed 1,4-dihydropyridine derivative KW-3049 was investigated for
      calcium antagonistic effects in isolated canine coronary arteries. KW-3049
      relaxed the arteries contracted by KCI-depolarization with an IC50 of 7.4 x 10(
      9) M, while the IC50 of nifedipine, verapamil and diltiazem were 9.1 x 10(-9) M,
      1.7 x 10(-7) M and 3.1 x 10(-7) M, respectively. Comparison with negative
      inotropic activities examined in electrically-driven canine papillary muscles
      indicated that KW-3049 was more selective for vasorelaxing versus negative
      inotropic activities than nifedipine, verapamil and diltiazem. KW-3049 inhibited
      45Ca-uptake induced by depolarization without affecting 45Ca-uptake in polarized
      arteries. Inhibitory effects of KW-3049 at 10(-9) and 10(-8) M on depolarization
      induced contractions of arteries exhibited no recovery for up to 4 hr after
      washout of the tissues, whereas those of nifedipine, nitrendipine, verapamil and
      diltiazem at vasoinhibitory concentrations disappeared within 1 to 4 hr after
      washout. The uptake and efflux of [3H]compounds of KW-3049, nitrendipine,
      verapamil and diltiazem were examined. The uptake of compound after 2 hr of
      incubation was the highest for nitrendipine. The efflux rate of KW-3049 was 1/10
      or less than those of the other compounds examined. In summary, the present
      results in isolated coronary arteries demonstrate that KW-3049 is a potent,
      vasculoselective calcium antagonist whose effects persist long even after washout
      of tissues presumably due to its slow dissociation rate from arteries.

PMID- 3411817
TI  - Pattern reversal VER as a tool for evaluating unbalanced visual inputs between
      the two eyes.
AB  - We studied the effects of unequal or unbalanced visual inputs on the binocular
      system of normal subjects by measuring the amplitudes of the binocularly and the
      monocularly recorded VER and determining the value of binocular summation. The
      stimuli used were patterns that were either fused or not fused, of unequal
      luminosity and of unequal image size. When identical patterns were delivered to
      each eye and the patterns were fused, the binocular VER demonstrated a larger
      amplitude than the monocular VER, resulting in a binocular summation that was
      prominent in the low-contrast stimulus pattern. With stimulus patterns of higher
      contrast, the amplitudes of the binocular and the monocular VER did not differ
      greatly, and the value of binocular summation was significantly decreased. When
      fusion was disturbed with a base-in prism, the binocular VER displayed smaller
      amplitudes than the monocular VER, indicating binocular interaction or
      inhibition. With a small interocular luminosity difference, the binocular VER
      exhibited a larger amplitude than the monocular VER (binocular summation), but as
      the difference exceeded a certain level (0.6 to 0.8 log units), the binocular VER
      amplitudes were smaller than those of the monocular VER (binocular inhibition).
      With very large luminosity differences, the binocular VER amplitudes were almost
      similar to those of the monocular VER (suppression). When the perceived image
      size of the retina was altered with an aniseikonic lens, the binocular VER
      displayed larger amplitudes than those of the monocular VER (binocular summation)
      in aniseikonia equal to or less than 3.0%. At 5.0% aniseikonia, the binocular VER
      amplitudes were almost equal to the monocular VER (zero summation). At
      aniseikonia equal to or larger than 8.0%, the binocular VER amplitudes were
      significantly smaller than those of the monocular VER (binocular inhibition or
      interaction).

PMID- 3411820
TI  - Comparison of some biochemical properties of epidermis in tumor promotion
      susceptible and -resistant strains of mice.
AB  - It has been reported that CD-1 and SENCAR mice are susceptible and C57BL/6 mice
      are resistant to skin tumor promotion caused by phorbol esters. Specific binding
      of a phorbol ester to its epidermal receptor site, epidermal protein kinase C
      activity, and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) induction in epidermis were compared
      between tumor promotion-susceptible and -resistant strains of mice. Specific
      binding of [3H]12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) to the particulate
      fraction of the epidermis of C57BL/6 mice gave a similar dissociation constant
      (Kd) and a maximal number of binding sites (Bmax) to those of CD-1 mice. Protein
      kinase C activity of the epidermal 105,000 xg supernatant was not significantly
      different between C57BL/6 and CD-1 mice. Protein kinase C activity of the 105,000
      xg pellet, however, was significantly higher in C57BL/6 mice than in CD-1 mice. A
      topical application of TPA to the skin caused epidermal ODC induction in all of
      these strains of mice. At any doses of TPA, TPA-induced epidermal ODC activity of
      C57BL/6 mice was always higher than those of SENCAR and CD-1 mice. Maximal
      induction of epidermal ODC by TPA was also highest in C57BL/6 mice among these
      three strains of mice. These results indicate that the mechanism of the
      difference in susceptibility of C57BL/6, CD-1 and SENCAR mice to the tumor
      promoting action TPA resides in a step distal to or other than the protein kinase
      C activation and ODC induction.

PMID- 3411821
TI  - Neurochemical study of mafoprazine, a new phenylpiperazine derivative.
AB  - Mafoprazine, a phenylpiperazine derivative, was neurochemically investigated in
      rats to determine its action mechanism. The rank order of affinity of mafoprazine
      for neuronal receptors was D2 greater than or equal to alpha 1 greater than S2
      greater than alpha 2 much greater than D1 greater than beta greater than mACh.
      The affinity of mafoprazine for D2 receptors (Ki = 10.7 nM) was 2 times higher
      than that of azaperone, and 6 and 16 times lower than those of chlorpromazine and
      haloperidol, respectively, whereas the D2 receptor selectivity [D1/D2 (Ki value
      ratio)] of mafoprazine was 10, 9 and 2 times higher than those of chlorpromazine,
      azaperone and haloperidol, respectively. The affinity of mafoprazine for alpha 2
      receptors in terms of the ratio of the Ki values for D2 and alpha 2 receptors
      (D2/alpha 2) was 345, 26 and 3 times higher than those of haloperidol,
      chlorpromazine and azaperone, respectively. Mafoprazine slightly showed the
      inhibitory effect on dopamine-stimulated adenylate cyclase (IC50 = 52300 nM), and
      it had almost no affinity for beta and mACh receptors. Mafoprazine significantly
      increased dopamine metabolites in the corpus striatum and nucleus accumbens,
      although to lesser extents as compared with azaperone and chlorpromazine. These
      results suggest that mafoprazine probably manifests its antipsychotic action
      mainly through D2 receptor blocking activity and alpha-adrenergic activity (alpha
      1 receptor blocking activity and alpha 2 receptor stimulating activity).

PMID- 3411822
TI  - Effects of OKY-046, a selective thromboxane A2 synthetase inhibitor, on
      ventricular arrhythmias and prostaglandins during coronary artery ligation and
      reperfusion in anesthetized dogs.
AB  - Effects of OKY-046, a selective thromboxane synthetase inhibitor, on ischemia
      induced ventricular arrhythmias were investigated in anesthetized dogs. OKY-046
      (30 mg/kg, intravenously) decreased ventricular arrhythmias significantly both
      during 30 min of coronary artery ligation and subsequent reperfusion, which
      corresponded with a significant reduction of thromboxane concentration,
      suggesting that thromboxane released during ligation is an important factor in
      the development of ventricular arrhythmias. Inhibition of thromboxane synthesis
      with OKY-046 might be useful for the prevention of ischemia-induced ventricular
      arrhythmias.

PMID- 3411825
TI  - [Three cases of severe delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction by irregular
      antibody after cardiac surgery].

PMID- 3411824
TI  - [Delayed sternal closure in patients with total anomalous pulmonary venous
      damage: with regard to left ventricular and atrial dimension].

PMID- 3411826
TI  - [Successful repair of cardiac rupture after acute myocardial infarction].

PMID- 3411827
TI  - [Evaluation of cardiac function by ECG gated magnetic resonance imaging in
      acquired cardiac diseases].

PMID- 3411823
TI  - Changes in sensitivity of the rat stomach fundus to various drugs in
      streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
AB  - The changes in sensitivity of the rat stomach fundus to acetylcholine (ACh),
      norepinephrine (NE), isoproterenol (ISO) and to vasoactive intestinal peptide
      (VIP) were examined in control rats and in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic
      rats. The dose-response curves for drugs were constructed 8 weeks after treatment
      with STZ. The dose-response curve for ACh in diabetic rats was shifted to the
      left as compared to the control curve, whereas the dose-response curves for NE,
      ISO and VIP were shifted to the right. These results suggest that functional
      changes in the autonomic nervous systems of the rat stomach fundus may occur in
      STZ-induced diabetic rats.

PMID- 3411828
TI  - [Surgical treatment of congenital coronary artery fistula].

PMID- 3411829
TI  - [Membranous septal aneurysm associated with infective endocarditis--report of a
      case].

PMID- 3411832
TI  - [Two cases of metachronous cancer of the lung and trachea].

PMID- 3411833
TI  - Self-regulation therapy: a nursing perspective.

PMID- 3411831
TI  - [Surgical repair of discrete subaortic stenosis--report of a case].

PMID- 3411834
TI  - Nursing interventions in clients with diabetes: techniques which facilitate
      adaptation and self-control.

PMID- 3411830
TI  - [Successful correction of tetralogy of Fallot associated with DiGeorge syndrome:
      a case report].

PMID- 3411835
TI  - The near-death experience--moving toward enlightenment.

PMID- 3411836
TI  - [Late results of reconstructive operations on the mitral valve. I. Clinical
      evaluation].

PMID- 3411837
TI  - [Late results of reconstructive operations on the mitral valve. II.
      Echocardiographic evaluation].

PMID- 3411838
TI  - [Radiological and echocardiographic correlations in the diagnosis of effusion in
      the upper mediastinum after cardiosurgical procedures].

PMID- 3411841
TI  - [Ambulatory evaluation of physical fitness of elderly patients treated by chronic
      electric stimulation of the heart].

PMID- 3411842
TI  - [Paroxysmal atrioventricular block associated with bradycardia].

PMID- 3411840
TI  - [Effect of adenosine triphosphate on the atrioventricular conduction in patients
      with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome].

PMID- 3411839
TI  - [Study of the incidence of various etiological forms of arterial hypertension
      based on the analysis of 5155 cases].

PMID- 3411843
TI  - [Complications of continuous cardiac stimulation in a patient formerly treated by
      radiotherapy. Case report].

PMID- 3411844
TI  - [Giant cell myocarditis].

PMID- 3411845
TI  - [Preliminary report on the possible mechanism of death at high altitudes].

PMID- 3411846
TI  - [Changes in plasma lipid fractions during long-term treatment of arterial
      hypertension with metoprolol (Betaloc-Astra)].

PMID- 3411847
TI  - [Significance of determining the antithrombogenic properties of the vascular wall
      in the prevention of thromboses].

PMID- 3411850
TI  - [Hemostasis in patients with myocardial infarct during rehabilitation].

PMID- 3411849
TI  - [Use of isovolemic hemodilution in patients with ischemic heart disease and
      cardiac insufficiency].

PMID- 3411848
TI  - [Effect of ethacizine on hemostasis indices].

PMID- 3411851
TI  - [Body weight and lipid levels of the blood in patients with postinfarct
      cardiosclerosis, arterial hypertension and different smoking histories].

PMID- 3411852
TI  - [Paroxysmal cardiac fibrillation with a high incidence of cardiac contractions in
      a patient with transient Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome].

PMID- 3411853
TI  - [Electrocardiographic signs of coronary reperfusion in patients with myocardial
      infarct].
AB  - ST changes were assessed in records from electrocardiographic leads I, II, III, V
      as well as monitoring leads in 109 patients with myocardial infarction on
      thrombolytic and/or heparin treatment conducted under angiographic control. In
      patients with coronary reperfusion, achieved by thrombolytic treatment within 8
      hours of the onset of infarction, ST displacement diminished more than twofold by
      the third hour of treatment in records from leads I, II, III and V, there was a
      rapid ST fall in monitoring leads that started within 90 min after the onset of
      thrombolytic therapy and went on for not more than 60 min at a maximum rate; ST
      reached its baseline (mean ST level over the last 6 hours of 24-hour monitoring)
      in records from the monitoring leads within 7 hours after the onset of
      thrombolytic therapy. These signs of coronary reperfusion are suggestive of the
      recovery of coronary flow by means of thrombolytic therapy within 8 hours of the
      onset of myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3411854
TI  - [Comparison of intracoronary and intravenous methods of thrombolytic
      streptokinase therapy of patients with myocardial infarct].
AB  - Intracoronary streptokinase (250.000 units over 60-90 min) was administered
      within 7.8 +/- 0.4 hrs after the onset of myocardial infarction symptoms to 85
      patients, and intravenous streptokinase (500.000 units over 5-10 min) was given
      within 4.8 +/- 0.4 hrs to 46 myocardial infarction patients. Coronary angiography
      was conducted 1 to 3 hours after intravenous streptokinase administration.
      Coronary arterial reperfusion was achieved in 62% of patients in the former
      group, and in 66% in the latter one. Reperfusion was seen in 84% of patients in
      the first 3 hours after the onset of infarction, and in 60-66% at later dates.
      Hypofibrinogenemia did not become critical and persisted for one more day in
      cases of intravenous streptokinase infusions, as compared to the intracoronary
      route. Intravenous administration of 500.000 units streptokinase at the rate of
      100.000-50.000 U/min is an effective and safe method for the treatment of
      myocardial infarction, and its prospective application in health practices
      appears quite promising.

PMID- 3411855
TI  - [The possibility of spontaneous lysis of a coronary thrombus in patients with
      acute myocardial infarct].
AB  - The results of coronary angiography in 108 patients within the first 24 hours of
      myocardial infarction were compared to autopsy coronary arterial findings in 78
      cases of myocardial infarction death within similar periods of time. The rate of
      occlusion of the coronary artery, responsible for infarction, dropped
      considerably within 12-24 hours of its onset, as compared to the data obtained
      within the first 6 hours: from 90.3% to 57.1% as evidenced by coronarography, or
      from 87.8% to 68.4% as evidenced by postmortem findings. Coronarography conducted
      within the first day of myocardial infarction demonstrated markedly activated
      fibrinolysis that coincided with the drop in the incidence of coronary-arterial
      thrombosis. Fibrinolysis activation is a prerequisite for spontaneous coronary
      thrombolysis.

PMID- 3411856
TI  - [Effect of renokinase on the space velocity of coronary vein flow during systemic
      administration to patients with acute myocardial infarct].
AB  - A new thrombolytic drug, renokinase, was administered intravenously to 30
      patients with macrofocal myocardial infarction (MI), admitted to hospital within
      early hours of its onset. Changes in the venous network of the heart were
      assessed, using continuous thermodilution, in the presence of thrombolytic
      treatment. Coronary venous flow was shown to increase by 20% and more in 17
      patients, more than 30% in 15 patients, and more than 40% in 10. Low MI was
      associated with a significant increase of blood flow rate in the coronary sinus
      as well as other cardiac veins, while anterior MI was associated with flow rate
      increase in the coronary sinus only. A 20-30% increase in any of the coronary
      flow parameters limited the necrosis focus, as evidenced by precordial mapping
      from 35 ECG leads. Renokinase (60,000 units) was well tolerated by the patients.

PMID- 3411857
TI  - [Arteriovenous differential in the indices of hemocoagulation homeostasis in
      patients with acute myocardial infarct with a protracted course and cardiogenic
      shock].
AB  - Venous and arterial coagulation and fibrinolytic activity, particularly total
      hemostatic potential, its plasma and platelet constituents, and functional
      platelet properties were examined within the first hours of acute myocardial
      infarction in 106 patients. Those were divided into groups with uncomplicated,
      recurrent and spread myocardial infarction, and with cardiogenic shock. Early
      signs of disseminated intravascular coagulation were registered within the first
      hours of the disease in the venous (more prominently) and arterial (less
      prominently) channels. True cardiogenic shock is associated with more apparent
      symptoms of the disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome in venous and
      arterial blood.

PMID- 3411858
TI  - [Changes in the indices of central hemodynamics and myocardial metabolism as
      affected by plasmapheresis in patients with myocardial infarct].
AB  - Gravitation plasmapheresis (PP) on PF-0.5 fractionator was used in 32 patients
      with acute myocardial infarction to control blood rheologic disorders. Central
      hemodynamics and myocardial metabolism were monitored by means of right heart
      probing and echocardiography. A control group of 7 patients were subjected to
      "mock PP" with a rheopolyglucin infusion. PP limited manifestations of heart
      failure, normalized the levels of compounds with high molecular weights which
      conditioned plasma viscosity, reduced significantly total peripheral and total
      pulmonary resistance, increased the cardiac index, stroke volume and ejection
      fraction, and improved regional left-ventricular contractility. Myocardial
      metabolic studies demonstrated a decline in left-ventricular myocardial ischemia,
      as evidenced by the arteriovenous difference in lactate levels. It is therefore
      suggested that PP can be effectively used as part of combined treatment for
      complicated acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3411859
TI  - [Disorders of the antithrombogenic properties of the vascular wall in patients
      with ischemic heart disease and their restitution using a complex of
      pharmaceutical preparations].
AB  - Hemostatic studies were carried out in 98 patients with various types of coronary
      disease and 31 normal subjects, both at relative rest and during the cuff test.
      High platelet activity in combination with reduced blood anticoagulation and
      fibrinolytic activity were demonstrated. The cuff test showed reduced
      antithrombogenic (antiaggregation, anticoagulation, fibrinolytic) properties in
      the vascular wall. Combined medication has been developed to repair
      antithrombogenic activity of the vascular wall.

PMID- 3411860
TI  - [Determination of the mass and rate of formation of a myocardial infarct in a
      posterior location on a real-time scale].
AB  - A mathematical quantitative assessment technique for real-time estimation of
      posterior myocardial infarction weight and rate of spread is described. It is
      based on the variation of abdominal mapping data. A formula is derived for the
      calculation of necrosis weight and rate of spread.

PMID- 3411861
TI  - [Use of a universal formalized questionnaire in the differential diagnosis of
      cardiac and noncardiac pain].
AB  - A standard questionnaire, capable of describing chest pain sensations, has been
      offered for patients with coronary disease and neurocirculatory dystonia, and its
      diagnostic value is assessed. The questionnaire comprises five sections, each
      corresponding to a certain type of pain. A diagnostic statement is made after
      each section. The questionnaire can be analysed by a physician on the basis of
      individual clinical experience, or computer-processed. It possesses high
      sensitivity and specificity in detecting typical and atypical angina and
      cardialgia of different types. The questionnaire can identify a category of
      patients with chest pains, who require instrumental diagnostic investigation to
      specify their origin.

PMID- 3411863
TI  - [Initial-onset stenocardia: characteristics of the blood coagulation system and
      fibrinolysis as reaction to physical exertion].
AB  - Blood coagulation and fibrinolysis were studied at rest and during bicycle
      ergometry in 45 patients with angina of new onset (ANO). Fourteen chronic
      coronary patients and 20 subjects, free of coronary heart disease or coronary
      atherosclerosis, were taken as controls. Fibrinolysis tended to be depressed in
      resting ANO patients. Potential fibrinolysis depended on the clinical pattern of
      the disease and was particularly depressed in patients with severe ANO. Stress
      did not activate fibrinolysis in patients with vasospastic angina and high basal
      plasminogen activator level at rest.

PMID- 3411862
TI  - [Evaluation of the antithrombotic effect of plasma and thrombocyte apheresis in
      the complex therapy of patients with unstable stenocardia].
AB  - Antithrombotic effect of plasmapheresis and thrombocytapheresis, used as part of
      combined treatment in 12 patients with unstable medication-resistant angina
      pectoris of functional class 4, was assessed by means of coagulation tests and
      resonance thrombography. The incorporation of three sessions of apheresis,
      removing 90% of plasma and 30% of platelet population, into the conventional
      treatment schedule is shown to have an anticoagulant, thrombolytic and platelet
      hypersensitivity-controlling effect. It is directly related to the volume of
      removed plasma and platelets, allows control of prethrombotic conditions and
      paves the way for an adequate response to subsequent medication.

PMID- 3411864
TI  - [Effect of the rheological properties of the blood on the intracardiac
      hemodynamics in patients with acquired mitral valve defects].
AB  - A study of 17 patients with prevailing mitral stenosis and 10 patients with
      prevailing mitral insufficiency demonstrated a significant aspirin-induced
      improvement of blood rheologic characteristics in all patients that was
      accompanied with a heterogeneous shift of intracardiac hemodynamics and left
      ventricular myocardial pumping activity. For instance, in patients with
      prevailing mitral stenosis, an improvement of blood rheologic properties is
      accompanied with a drop in mitral pressure gradient and a decrease in total
      pulmonary resistance and total peripheral resistance resulting in increased
      pumping capacity of the heart (increased minute volume, systolic index and stroke
      index). In patients with prevailing mitral insufficiency, the improvement of
      blood rheologic properties is accompanied by an increase of regurgitation volume,
      a reduction of effective ejection fraction and a rise in total pulmonary
      resistance. Therefore, a differential approach to the use of agents improving
      blood rheologic properties is needed.

PMID- 3411865
TI  - [Interrelation of the rheological properties of the blood and the state of
      central hemodynamics in patients with a stable form of hypertension].
AB  - A study of 44 patients with second-stage essential hypertension (15 males and 29
      females) demonstrated a significant positive correlation between packed cell
      volume and mean arterial BP (r = 0.794; p less than 0.001), packed cell volume
      and total peripheral resistance (r = 0.642; p less than 0.01), whole blood
      viscosity and mean arterial BP (r = 0.639; p less than 0.01), blood viscosity and
      total peripheral resistance (r = 0.512; p less than 0.05), and a significant
      negative correlation between packed cell volume and blood viscosity, on the one
      hand, and minute volume of the heart, on the other (r = -0.533; p less than 0.05,
      and r = -0.460; p less than 0.05), respectively). This may be due to both
      mechanical resistance to blood flow on the part of excessively viscous blood and
      reduced oxygen transport in blood of increased viscosity.

PMID- 3411867
TI  - [Effect of suspensions of human thrombocytes and erythrocytes on the tonus of a
      perfused carotid artery in the cat].
AB  - Aggregated platelets cause vasospasm in a perfused cat carotid artery, its
      severity increasing at the vessel's deendothelization and indomethacin treatment.
      Erythrocyte hemolysate also produced vascular contraction, which however
      diminished abruptly at de-endothelization or indomethacin treatment. Possible
      release of vasodilating agents from platelets is discussed. It is suggested that
      erythrocytic vasoconstrictive effect may be due to both hemoglobin and
      erythrocyte membrane proteins. Prostacyclin, nifedipine, and their combinations
      in particular, are shown to be capable of suppressing the vasoconstrictive effect
      of platelets and hemolysate, while physiologic vasoconstrictive activity was
      increased in patients with essential hypertension.

PMID- 3411866
TI  - [Thrombogenic properties of the inner vascular surface following laser exposure].
AB  - Laser angioplasty, using YAG-neodymium laser and a balloon catheter with
      monofiber quartz light guide (400 micron), introduced into its central canal, was
      performed in 8 dogs with thromboses of 11 femoral or carotid arteries. Average
      energy expenditure for recanalization was 26 +/- 4 J, with 4.9 +/- 0.3 W and
      exposure time of 5.1 +/- 0.7 s. Re-thrombosis developed after 5 to 10 days in all
      arteries, left in the circulation network after laser angioplasty. The latter
      part of the study is dealing with the assessment of the surface of femoral or
      carotid arteries of the dogs after laser exposure. This was done by quantitation
      of the adhered platelets after platelet-enriched plasma was circulated through
      vessels, whose inner surface was 1) intact, 2) de-endothelized, or 3) laser
      damaged, using a scanning electron microscope. The thrombogenic index was 65-96,
      85 and 66%, respectively, for the YAG-neodymium, argon and eximeric (XeCl)
      lasers.

PMID- 3411868
TI  - [Prevention of ischemic and reperfusion arrhythmias using the calmodulin blocker
      trifluoperazine].
AB  - Models of ischemic and reperfusion arrhythmias were reproduced in isolated rat
      hearts by means of the ligation and subsequent reocclusion of the left descending
      coronary artery. The introduction of trifluoperazine (TFP, 10(-6) M) and
      verapamil (2.5 X 10(-8) M) into the perfusion medium produced a 20% depression of
      contractility in aerobic conditions; an additional depression of contractility at
      20 min of ischemia and 10 min of reperfusion was 40 and 50%, respectively, for
      TFP and about the same for verapamil, as compared to the control. Antiarrhythmic
      effect of TFP was much higher, as compared to that of verapamil. The calmodulin
      blocker reduced fivefold total duration of arrhythmias, whereas the calcium
      incorporation blocker only reduced it by 2.5 times. The antiarrhythmic effect of
      TFP was even more marked, as compared to verapamil, at reperfusion: TFP reduced
      total duration of ventricular tachycardias and ventricular fibrillations by 2 and
      35 times, respectively, while verapamil had no effect on those types of
      arrhythmia. A possible mechanism of antiarrhythmic action of the calmodulin
      blocker TFP is discussed.

PMID- 3411872
TI  - [Syphilis in infancy--a current case].

PMID- 3411870
TI  - [Hemolytic-uremic syndrome today].

PMID- 3411871
TI  - [A new concept of unified preventive examinations correlated with dispensary
      management in pediatrics in Czechoslovakia].

PMID- 3411873
TI  - [Cystic fibrosis--initial results of echocardiographic diagnosis of cor
      pulmonale].

PMID- 3411874
TI  - [Characteristics of anesthesia in extremely obese patients: an analysis of the
      quantitative changes in respiratory mechanics, gas exchange, oxygen transport and
      circulation].

PMID- 3411869
TI  - [Protein kinase A and C activity of erythrocytes in patients with essential
      hypertension].
AB  - Activities of protein kinases A and C in erythrocyte cytoplasmic fraction
      purified by CM-Sephadex and DEAE-cellulose have been measured. Protein kinase C
      activity is shown to be 1.6-1.8-fold higher, as compared to controls, in
      essential hypertension, but remain unchanged in renal hypertension. Protein
      kinase A activity is slightly elevated in patients with essential hypertension,
      but the difference is not significant. It is suggested that the increase of
      protein kinase C activity, and perhaps some other activities as well, in
      essential hypertension may be a result of altered expression of protooncogenes
      with protein kinase activities.

PMID- 3411875
TI  - [Positions on the operating table: changes in respiratory mechanics and gas
      exchange].

PMID- 3411876
TI  - [Therapeutic endoscopy of the distal choledochus in emergencies].

PMID- 3411878
TI  - [Multiple calculi of the upper urinary tract].

PMID- 3411879
TI  - [Simultaneous polycystosis of the liver, kidneys and ovaries].

PMID- 3411877
TI  - [Treatment of superficial bladder tumors with intravesical BCG vaccine].

PMID- 3411880
TI  - [Hashimoto's thyroiditis and myasthenia].

PMID- 3411882
TI  - [Acute appendicitis of an ectopically situated appendix].

PMID- 3411881
TI  - [A case report of xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis].

PMID- 3411883
TI  - [Case of Balkan endemic nephropathy and papillary tumor combined with
      nephrolithiasis, hypospadias and urethral stricture].

PMID- 3411885
TI  - [Traumatic hemomediastinum in a child with combined trauma].

PMID- 3411884
TI  - [Spontaneous rupture of an echinococcal cyst into the peritoneal cavity].

PMID- 3411886
TI  - [Acute cholecystitis in childhood].

PMID- 3411887
TI  - [Fatal outcome of anaphylactic shock following surgery of hepatic
      echinococcosis].

PMID- 3411888
TI  - [Micturition cystourethrography as a method of diagnosing and assessing
      postoperative results in bladder neck sclerosis].

PMID- 3411890
TI  - [Angioarchitecture of the choroid. III. The posterior pole].

PMID- 3411889
TI  - [A change in the form of the bladder as a cause of urination disorders].

PMID- 3411891
TI  - [Angioarchitecture of the choroid. IV. The equatorial region].

PMID- 3411892
TI  - [The surface of a copper intraocular foreign body seen under a scanning
      microscope].

PMID- 3411893
TI  - [Corneal astigmatism after surgical treatment of retinal detachment].

PMID- 3411895
TI  - [Cosmetic hydrophilic contact lens].

PMID- 3411894
TI  - [A case of post-traumatic displacement of the eyeball to the maxillary sinus and
      ethmoid cells].

PMID- 3411897
TI  - [Cryotherapy of corneal herpes].

PMID- 3411896
TI  - [A method of obtaining the absorption spectrum of the crystalline lens in
      patients with cataract. Preliminary studies].

PMID- 3411898
TI  - [Atrophy of the iris].

PMID- 3411900
TI  - [Equipment for manufacturing microsurgical Gilette blades].

PMID- 3411899
TI  - [Electrotherapy in ophthalmology. Iontophoresis].

PMID- 3411903
TI  - [Patient care for long-term illness (II). AIDS prevention and control program].

PMID- 3411901
TI  - [Patient care for long-term illness (II). Clinical manifestations of AIDS].

PMID- 3411904
TI  - [Powerlessness].

PMID- 3411905
TI  - [Hopelessness].

PMID- 3411907
TI  - [Nursing study for total hip replacement arthroplasty of avascular necrosis of
      femoral head].

PMID- 3411906
TI  - Global network of the WHO collaborating centers for nursing development towards
      HFA/PHC.

PMID- 3411902
TI  - [Patient care for long-term illness (II). Recommendations for preventing
      transmission of infection with AIDS in the hospital].

PMID- 3411908
TI  - [A study on the variables of nurses' morale and task performance].

PMID- 3411909
TI  - [Patient care for long-term illness (II). Etiology and diagnosis of AIDS].

PMID- 3411910
TI  - Euthanasia.

PMID- 3411911
TI  - Venipuncture in the guinea pig.

PMID- 3411912
TI  - Fatal pneumonia with terminal emaciation in nude mice caused by pneumonia virus
      of mice.
AB  - Athymic nude mice used as sentinel animals in a mouse holding room died of
      pneumonia 17 to 32 weeks after being placed in the room. Lesions in the pulmonary
      parenchyma consisted of monocytic exudate, epithelial cell necrosis, hemorrhage,
      fibrin deposition and interstitial fibrosis. Septal edema, septal cell necrosis
      and septal capillary stasis were common, but there was limited sloughing of
      bronchial lining epithelium. Indirect fluorescence microscopy (IFA) of lung
      sections using pneumonia virus of mice (PVM) antibody was positive. The pneumonia
      and IFA results were reproduced in euthymic mice inoculated experimentally with
      lung suspension from naturally infected mice or with tissue culture fluid from
      cultures infected with American Type Culture Collection PVM. The lungs of a
      naturally infected nude mouse were studied by transmission electron microscopy.
      Virus growth was found on Type II alveolar epithelium and on poorly
      differentiated replacement alveolar epithelium. Virus particles appeared as long
      exophytic filaments containing one to six linearly arranged nucleocapsids.
      Inclusion bodies and intracellular virus structures were not observed.

PMID- 3411913
TI  - Campylobacter jejuni/coli in commercially reared beagles: prevalence and
      serotypes.
AB  - A 5 year longitudinal study involving 187 commercially reared beagles from three
      suppliers was undertaken to determine prevalence and serotypes of Campylobacter
      jejuni and C. coli. Campylobacter jejuni or C. coli was isolated from the feces
      in 62 of 177 asymptomatic beagles and 8 of 10 dogs with diarrhea for an overall
      prevalence of 37%. A total of 36 isolates were serotyped on the basis of
      thermostable antigens with 20 antisera prepared against frequently occurring
      serotypes isolated from humans with campylobacter associated enteritis (15 C.
      jejuni, 5 C. coli serotypes). Of these isolates, 17 (47%) serotyped with antisera
      to 7 C. jejuni serotypes frequently isolated in human cases of enteric
      campylobacteriosis (serotypes 1, 4, 10, 16, 18, 19, 37). One C. coli reacted to
      antisera 24, 34, 37, one strain of C. coli to antisera type 37, and another C.
      coli to antisera type 34. All three C. coli belonged to serotypes frequently
      encountered in diarrheic human patients.

PMID- 3411918
TI  - Interspecific contrasts in responses of macaques to transport cage training.
AB  - Corticosteroid values in response to brief confinement in a transport cage were
      compared between rhesus, bonnet, and crabeating macaques before and after they
      were trained to enter the cage. Behavioral data were collected to assess
      performance during training. Species differences were found both in training
      measures and in corticosteroid response to confinement in the transport cage
      after training. Bonnets took longer to train than rhesus or crabeaters. Rhesus
      showed the smallest adrenocortical response to cage confinement after training
      and crabeaters the greatest, suggesting that this group habituated more slowly to
      confinement than the other two groups. The results have implications for choice
      of experimental subject species and for management and husbandry of laboratory
      primates.

PMID- 3411915
TI  - Cage design and configuration for an arboreal species of primate.
AB  - The squirrel monkey (genus Saimiri) is an arboreal primate from equatorial South
      America. This species forms large social groups that consist of multiple females
      and males of varying ages, from infant to adult. As the use of squirrel monkeys
      in research continues to grow, an understanding of optimal cage design and
      environment is essential. The University of South Alabama Primate Research
      Laboratory houses a breeding colony of 350 squirrel monkeys. Each group cage,
      measuring 4.5 X 2.5 X 1.5 meters, can contain up to 20 animals. A breeding group
      consists of one adult male, eight to ten adult females, and varying numbers of
      infant and juvenile animals. In order to determine the most suitable cage
      environment for the squirrel monkey, a series of studies were carried out to
      compare various perch materials and cage configurations. Squirrel monkeys
      preferred a poly-vinyl-chloride pipe perch (rigid) over rope perches (non-rigid).
      When provided with multiple levels of perches, all levels were used. Males tended
      to distribute their activities randomly at different levels. In a two tiered
      perch arrangement, females concentrated 67% of their social activity on the top
      tier. In a triple tier configuration, females concentrated 66% of their travel on
      the top tier. These results indicate that by creating a cage environment with
      multiple tiers of horizontal perches the effective cage space can be doubled or
      tripled. This provides an effective means of reducing population density without
      enlarging the dimensions of the cage or reducing social group size.

PMID- 3411917
TI  - Azaperone and azaperone-ketamine as a neuroleptic sedative and anesthetic in rats
      and mice.
AB  - Azaperone alone and combined with ketamine were evaluated as sedative and
      anesthetic agents in outbred rats and mice. Using azaperone alone the duration of
      immobility was 1.9 to 10.8 hours for mice and 0.9 to 2.4 hours for rats. The
      withdrawal reflex was not eliminated from mice receiving azaperone alone;
      however, the withdrawal reflex was eliminated from 0.9 to 2.4 hours in rats
      receiving azaperone. Azaperone produced a tachypnea in rats and male mice while a
      depressed respiratory rate was observed in female mice. Using azaperone combined
      with ketamine, the duration of immobilization was 1.1 to 8.8 hours for mice and
      1.3 to 6.0 hours for rats. The duration loss of the withdrawal reflex, which was
      used as an indication of surgical anesthesia, was 0.9 to 1.8 hours for mice and
      1.0 to 6.0 hours for rats. An increase in respiratory rate was observed in rats
      given the combination while mice given the combination showed transient tachypnea
      followed by bradypnea. Overall, azaperone alone was shown to provide sedation in
      mice as compared to a dose dependent anesthesia in rats. The azaperone-ketamine
      combination produced a surgical plane of anesthesia in both rats and mice.
      Azaperone and the azaperone-ketamine combination appear to be a suitable
      alternative to sedatives and anesthetics currently used in rats and mice.

PMID- 3411914
TI  - Persistent sympathetic nervous system arousal associated with tethering in
      cynomolgus macaques.
AB  - The swivel-tether system has been used extensively in biomedical research
      involving nonhuman primates, yet there has been little or no investigation into
      potential adverse influences of this form of restraint on research results. In
      the study described here, a portable electrocardiographic telemetry system was
      used for continuous monitoring of the heart rate of 26 cynomolgus monkeys while:
      (a) pair-caged, 8 weeks prior to tethering; (b) singly-caged, tethered; (c)
      singly-caged, tethered, administered propranolol (30 mg/kg/day) in the diet; (d)
      group-housed (five monkeys per group), 1 week after group formation; and (e)
      group-housed (five monkeys per group), 4 weeks after group formation. Tethering
      resulted in persistent elevations in heart rate relative to the other conditions.
      Administration of propranolol, a beta-adrenergic antagonist, resulted in an
      abrupt, sustained decrease in heart rate indicating that the increase in heart
      rate associated with tethering was due to persistent stimulation of the
      sympathetic nervous system. Since multiple aspects of cardiovascular function are
      influenced by the sympathetic nervous system, and other organs and systems (e.g.,
      pituitary-gonadal) also may be affected, investigators using the swivel-tether
      system should be cognizant of these potential effects when designing experiments
      and interpreting the results.

PMID- 3411916
TI  - Effects of cage beddings on microsomal oxidative enzymes in rat liver.
AB  - The purpose of the present studies was to evaluate the effects of some
      commercially available cage beddings on rat liver microsomal cytochrome P-450
      dependent drug-metabolizing enzyme, ethylmorphine N-demethylase, and the
      carcinogen-metabolizing enzyme, benzo(a)pyrene hydroxylase. Sprague-Dawley rats
      were housed in cages containing cedar chip, corncob or heat-treated pinewood
      bedding for 3 weeks. Control rats were housed in cages on wire bottom floors
      containing no bedding material. Rats housed in cages containing cedar chip showed
      18, 46 and 49% increases in liver cytochrome P-450 content, ethylmorphine N
      demethylase and benzo(a)pyrene hydroxylase activities, respectively. The liver
      enzyme activities of rats housed in cages containing corncob bedding were similar
      to those obtained with control rats. In contrast, the pinewood-bedded rats showed
      a 21% decrease in ethylmorphine N-demethylase activity without affecting
      cytochrome P-450 content and benzo(a)pyrene hydroxylase activity. Hexobarbital
      induced sleep times of the variously bedded rats were similar to those of control
      animals. These data suggest that the commercial bedding materials differ in their
      abilities to affect liver microsomal enzymes. Thus, interlaboratory variability
      in basal enzyme activities reported in the literature may be partly due to
      bedding materials used in the animal's cages.

PMID- 3411919
TI  - Ameloblastic odontoma in a cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis).
AB  - An ameloblastic odontoma occurred in an adult cynomolgus monkey (Macaca
      fascicularis). The neoplasm involved the upper left maxilla as a disfiguring,
      fleshy growth. The tissue and cellular changes were consistent with an
      ameloblastic odontoma which is rare in man, nonhuman primates (NHP), and other
      vertebrate animals. The monkey was one of 50 adult, single-caged housed
      cynomolgus monkeys. No additional clinical signs of disease were present.
      Hematology and serum chemistries were within normal limits. There have been three
      reports in the literature of ameloblastic odontomas in NHP; however, this is the
      first reported case of an ameloblastic odontoma in a cynomolgus monkey.

PMID- 3411920
TI  - Surgical excision of an ameloblastic odontoma in a cynomolgus monkey (Macaca
      fascicularis).
AB  - A surgical approach used for removal of maxillary tumors in humans was modified
      to excise a maxillary tumor in a cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis). This is
      an effective technique for excising tumors, recovering fractured canine teeth, or
      other health problems of the maxillary region in Macaca sp. The described
      approach limits facial disfigurement and enhances the probability of return to
      required function for future research utilization. This approach minimizes the
      extensive degree of post-operative intensive care.

PMID- 3411921
TI  - Growth related increase in an intervertebral disc space in rats.
AB  - Methods have been developed that permit repetitive radiographic measurement of
      the lumbar L4-5 intervertebral disc space area in the laboratory rat. In using
      this approach, the coefficient of variation in repetitive determinations was 7.6
      +/- 0.7%. Normal rats have been shown to manifest statistically significant
      increase in disc space area size between 2.5 and 5 months of age.

PMID- 3411923
TI  - Unexpected frostbite in cynomolgus macaques after a short exposure to snow.

PMID- 3411922
TI  - Diagnostic exercise: posterior paralysis in a nude mouse.

PMID- 3411924
TI  - Prevalence rates of infectious agents among commercial breeding populations of
      rats and mice.

PMID- 3411925
TI  - Campylobacter-like organisms in the gastric mucosa of rhesus monkeys.

PMID- 3411926
TI  - Hypercalcemia with secondary nephrolithiasis in a rabbit.

PMID- 3411928
TI  - A simple technique for sampling blood from fully conscious nine-banded
      armadillos.

PMID- 3411927
TI  - A simplified method for stress free continuous blood collection in large animals.

PMID- 3411929
TI  - A new restraining device for rabbits.

PMID- 3411930
TI  - Experimental infection and treatment of Dentostomella translucida in the
      Mongolian gerbil.

PMID- 3411931
TI  - A simplified method for removal of rodent brains.

PMID- 3411932
TI  - Simplified vest and tether system for maintenance of chronically catheterized
      pregnant rhesus monkeys.

PMID- 3411934
TI  - Cellular origin of rat renal oncocytoma.
AB  - The cellular origin of the rat renal oncocytoma was studied by light and electron
      microscopy in rats treated with N-nitrosomorpholine. The oncocytomas which
      appeared as small solid masses or cysts developed from tubules lined by
      oncocytes. Rats treated with N-nitrosomorpholine showed a number of oncocytomas
      and many oncocytic tubules, the incidence of which increased with time. A small
      number of oncocytic tubules but no oncocytomas were observed in the oldest
      control rats. Two major types of oncocytes were detected in the oncocytic
      lesions. Whereas some oncocytes contain only small round mitochondria, most
      oncocytes exhibited both small and unusually large pleomorphic mitochondria. The
      tubular origin of the oncocytic lesions was established precisely in serial
      sections. Numerous transitions of both oncocytomas and oncocytic tubules into
      renal tubules of normal appearance indicated that oncocytic lesions developed
      frequently from the cortical collecting duct system, including the connecting
      tubule, and occasionally from the outer medullary collecting duct. Mitochondrial
      changes similar to those of fully developed oncocytes were recognized in
      principal and intercalated cells of these segments, indicating the involvement of
      these cell types in the genesis of the renal oncocytoma.

PMID- 3411935
TI  - Biochemical characterization of isolated cholesterol-phospholipid particles
      continuously released from rat and human platelets after activation.
AB  - Platelets are a source of lipid that facilitates the coagulation process and that
      potentially accumulates in cells within atherosclerotic lesions. With this in
      mind, we have examined the release of lipid-containing particles from activated
      rat and human platelets. When washed platelets were activated with thrombin and
      incubated, cholesterol and phospholipid were continuously released for a period
      up to 2 hours. The amount of cholesterol released was approximately 20% of the
      platelet cholesterol content. Cholesterol release was also stimulated by strong
      platelet agonists such as collagen and the calcium ionophore A23187 but not by
      the weak agonist ADP. The release of cholesterol did not simply result from lysis
      of platelets since lactate dehydrogenase and cholesterol release could be
      dissociated. Colchicine substantially inhibited release of cholesterol but did
      not substantially inhibit release of lactate dehydrogenase. Cholesterol
      phospholipid particles were isolated from platelet-release supernatants by
      centrifugation, microfiltration, and gel filtration chromatography. The
      particles, which eluted in the void volume, were composed of 57% protein, 32%
      phospholipids, 8% cholesterol, and 3% triglyceride. Sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of particle-associated protein showed a major
      protein component of Mr 42,000, presumably actin. The density of the particles in
      a sucrose density gradient was 1.16 g/ml. The cholesterol to phospholipid molar
      ratio of isolated particles from rat and human platelets was about 0.6, a value
      typical of plasma membranes, whereas the cholesterol to phospholipid molar ratio
      in particles released from platelets of rats fed a high-cholesterol diet
      increased to 1.0. Electron microscopic analysis of the particles showed them to
      be spherical or irregular in shape with sizes ranging from 50 to 550 nm and with
      projections that extended from their surfaces. We suggest that these cholesterol
      phospholipid particles released from platelets may represent a mechanism by which
      the membrane becomes dispersed following platelet activation.

PMID- 3411937
TI  - Quantitative analysis of random motility of human microvessel endothelial cells
      using a linear under-agarose assay.
AB  - Angiogenesis is a multistep process intimately involved in embryonic development
      and subsequent cardiovascular homeostasis and pathology. A major event in the
      process of angiogenesis is endothelial cell migration. Common in vitro assays
      (filter, under-agarose, phagokinetic track) used for the evaluation of migration
      are interpreted by measurements such as leading front distance, total cells
      migrated, and total area of migration. However, these quantities depend very
      heavily upon the physical aspects of the assay such as geometry, chemoattractant
      concentration and diffusivity, and observation time. Thus, while these common
      cell motility measurements are convenient, they do not represent solely the
      intrinsic cell response to an attractant. Alternatively, cell motility responses
      can be described by parameters which do not depend on the physical aspects of the
      assay system. Such parameters, termed phenomenologic parameters, have been
      defined for cell migration in a mathematical model derived by others. This model
      defines two parameters, the random motility coefficient, mu, and the chemotaxis
      coefficient, chi, which describe the migration responses to uniform
      concentrations and to gradients of stimulant, respectively. We have used this
      approach to evaluate the random motility response of human microvessel
      endothelial cells isolated from omental fat. Human microvessel endothelial cell
      random motility was measured in uniform concentrations of heparin (10(-3) to
      10(3) micrograms/ml) using an under-agarose assay with linear geometry. The value
      of mu was found to remain constant at 8.2 x 10(-9) cm2/second for all
      concentrations tested and without heparin. These data indicate that heparin at
      these concentrations does not significantly stimulate random migration of human
      microvessel endothelial cell. These results suggest that the potentiating effect
      of heparin on angiogenesis may not be mediated through a direct affect on
      endothelial cell migration. Because the random motility coefficient and
      chemotaxis coefficient are representative of intrinsic cell motility behavior,
      their use should provide more specific information on endothelial cell migration
      than other commonly used measurements.

PMID- 3411936
TI  - Progesterone receptors in the human heart and great vessels.
AB  - Progesterone receptors (PgR) were identified in 31 of 50 specimens of human (men
      and women) thoracic ascending aorta, internal carotid, coronary artery, and left
      atrial appendage. This was accomplished with a peroxidase-antiperoxidase
      immunocytochemical assay employing a highly specific monoclonal antibody to
      primate PgR. In the aorta, specific staining was seen in the nuclei of smooth
      muscle cells and endothelium of intima, media, and adventitia. In the myocardium,
      staining was localized to the nuclei of the myocardial fibers. In internal
      carotid and coronary arteries, PgR was localized to endothelial nuclei of intima,
      and in vascular channels within the atherosclerotic plaques. PgR was also visible
      in the smooth muscle cell nuclei of uninvolved media and intima and at the plaque
      periphery. In contrast, receptor was not identified in vessels of the human
      uterus, breast, prostate, kidney, or gastrointestinal tract. These findings
      suggest that the heart and great vessels are target organs for steroid hormones.

PMID- 3411938
TI  - Autoradiographic localization of putrescine uptake to type II pneumocytes of
      rabbit lung slices.
AB  - At low concentrations (0.4-5.0 microM), the polyamine, putrescine, is accumulated
      predominantly by a saturable process in rabbit lung slices. The question of why
      the lung should possess polyamine transport capabilities and the known cellular
      compartmentalization of various other pulmonary functions prompted us to
      investigate whether putrescine uptake was localized to a specific cell type(s)
      within rabbit lung. Localization of putrescine uptake in rabbit lung was
      investigated by frozen and plastic section autoradiography, combined with
      electron microscopy. Rabbit lung slices were incubated with [3H]putrescine at a
      concentration (0.4 microM) at which the saturable component of uptake
      predominates. Both frozen and plastic section autoradiograms revealed relatively
      minor amounts of radiolabel associated with either vascular or bronchiolar
      tissues, whereas a greater density of radiolabel was present over the alveolar
      epithelium. Highly localized areas of radiolabel were found at the junctions of
      adjacent alveoli and these labeled cells were identified by electron microscopy
      as type II pneumocytes. We conclude that the type II pneumocyte is a major site
      of putrescine uptake in rabbit lung slices. Our study also indicates that
      different rabbit lung cell types possess differing abilities to accumulate
      putrescine.

PMID- 3411942
TI  - Teenage pregnancy: an overview. II. Consequences--medical, social and economic.

PMID- 3411939
TI  - Neonatal viral bronchiolitis and pneumonia induces bronchiolar hypoplasia and
      alveolar dysplasia in rats.
AB  - The objective of this research was to determine the effects of viral
      bronchiolitis and pneumonia on postnatal bronchiolar and alveolar growth.
      Neonatal (5-day-old) and weanling (25-day-old) outbred rats were infected with
      parainfluenza type 1 (Sendai) virus and were studied from 0 to 110 days after
      inoculation by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, by light
      microscopic morphometry, and by analysis of airway corrosion casts. Viral
      infection induced necrotizing bronchiolitis and interstitial pneumonia in both
      age groups of rats. Viral infection had a much more marked effect on neonatal
      rats in the proliferative stage of lung growth than on weanlings in the
      equilibrated stage of lung growth. Viral infection in neonatal rats resulted in
      delayed or impaired growth of secondary septa into alveolar saccules. The
      impaired septal ingrowth was multifocal and predominantly centriacinar in
      distribution and was associated with alveolar enlargement and significant
      decreases (14 to 26%, p less than 0.01) in alveolar surface density. Total
      alveolar surface area in rats inoculated with virus as neonates was 22% lower (p
      less than 0.05) that that in control animals by 110 days after inoculation.
      Alveolar septa in these rats inoculated as neonates had enlarged interalveolar
      pores and defects compatible with mild alveolar emphysema. Airway corrosion casts
      prepared at 30 and 90 days after neonatal viral inoculation had terminal
      bronchioles that were 11 and 20% smaller in diameter (p less than 0.02),
      respectively, than those from age-matched control rats. The density of
      attachments of alveolar septa to bronchiolar walls in viral-inoculated rats at
      these times was significantly decreased (p less than 0.001). Viral-infected rats
      had elevated respiratory resistance (p less than 0.005) and decreased dynamic
      compliance (p less than 0.02) at 39 days after inoculation. The results indicate
      that viral bronchiolitis and pneumonia during early life in rats induces abnormal
      alveolar development and bronchiolar hypoplasia that are associated with
      abnormalities in pulmonary function. Continued postnatal lung growth does not
      compensate for early virus-induced abnormalities in alveolar and bronchiolar
      growth.

PMID- 3411933
TI  - Retrospective study on amplification of N-myc and c-myc genes in pediatric solid
      tumors and its association with prognosis and tumor differentiation.
AB  - DNA was extracted from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues of 85
      patients with pediatric malignant solid tumors which had been resected at surgery
      or obtained at autopsy during a 24-year period. The tumors examined included 25
      rhabdomyosarcomas, 12 Wilms' tumors, 10 hepatoblastomas and 37 neuroblastoma
      group tumors. Neuroblastoma group tumors were subclassified into 25
      neuroblastomas and 12 ganglioneuroblastomas among which 6 composite
      ganglioneuroblastomas were included. Sample blocks were selected from both tumors
      and normal tissues in the majority of cases. We were able to reliably detect N-
      and c-myc gene amplification in tumor DNA by dot blot-hybridization. The N-myc
      gene showed approximately from 3- to 500-fold amplification in 19 of 33 cases of
      stage IV neuroblastoma group tumor. All of these 33 patients had been intensively
      treated with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. The c-myc was amplified 8-fold in
      1 case of rhabdomyosarcoma, but neither N-myc nor c-myc was amplified in any
      cases of Wilms' tumor or hepatoblastoma. We retrospectively examined the
      association among N-myc gene amplification, prognosis, and histologic subtype in
      33 patients with stage IV neuroblastoma group tumors. The survival of the
      patients with N-myc gene amplification was shorter than that of the patients
      without amplification of N-myc (p less than 0.05). There was no significant
      difference in prognosis between the 2 histologic subtypes; neuroblastoma and
      ganglioneuroblastoma, and the cases of tumors with amplified N-myc showed shorter
      survivals for each subtype (p less than 0.05). In every case of neuroblastoma
      group tumor, the copy number of the N-myc gene was the same among primary site
      and multiple metastatic tumors, even when the lesions showed differences in
      histologic subtype like neuroblastoma and ganglioneuroblastoma.

PMID- 3411940
TI  - Micromorphometry of colonic lesions.
AB  - In the formulation of a quantitative component for the knowledge base of a
      diagnostic expert system, we developed a mathematical model to describe nuclear
      placement patterns in colon. Glands from normal colon, tubular adenomas, and
      adenocarcinomas were studied, and a ratio developed of percentage internally
      displaced nuclei to percentage displacement area. This displacement area
      represented an inner epithelial zone bounded centrally by the lumen and
      peripherally by the apical limit of basal nuclei. The mean percentage internally
      displaced nuclei to percentage displacement area ratio was 0.15 +/- 0.13 for
      normal glands, 0.75 +/- 0.09 for adenomas, and 1.04 +/- 0.13 for carcinomas. When
      the percentage internally displaced nuclei to percentage displacement area ratio
      was plotted against total number of nuclei, there was statistically significant
      separation of the diagnostic categories at alpha less than or equal to 0.05.
      Relative nuclear area and its variance were also studied for normal colonic
      glands, adenomas, and adenocarcinomas. Mean relative nuclear area for cells from
      normal glands was 284.2, from adenomas 342.4, and from adenocarcinomas 416.4,
      these being statistically significantly different at alpha less than or equal to
      0.05. Variance of relative nuclear area, compared for the three diagnostic
      categories, was statistically significantly increased only in adenocarcinoma.
      Quantitation of nuclear placement patterns appears to provide a useful diagnostic
      clue for the knowledge base of a diagnostic expert system in the discrimination
      among normal colonic glands, adenomas, and adenocarcinomas.

PMID- 3411941
TI  - Teenage pregnancy: an overview. I. Epidemiology.

PMID- 3411943
TI  - Teenage pregnancy: an overview. III. Environmental and educational influences.

PMID- 3411944
TI  - Adolescent pregnancy and neonatal deaths.

PMID- 3411945
TI  - The impact of a county wide sex education effort on adolescent pregnancies in one
      South Carolina Regional Medical Center.

PMID- 3411946
TI  - The resource mom--a program of social support for pregnant teens.

PMID- 3411947
TI  - Legal options and considerations for the pregnant teen.

PMID- 3411948
TI  - The Florence Crittenton Home, Charleston.

PMID- 3411949
TI  - Do nutritional alterations contribute to adriamycin-induced impaired wound
      healing?
AB  - Adriamycin-impaired wound healing in mice was found to be related to the degree
      of weight loss which in turn was dependent on the dose given. Treated animals had
      an initial decrease in food consumption that correlated with initial weight loss.
      After approximately 7 days, food consumption returned to normal but the weight
      loss persisted. Both Adriamycin-treated mice and animals pair fed the amount of
      food consumed by drug-treated mice had wounds significantly weaker than control
      animals at 7 and 11 days. The Adriamycin-treated animals had 11-day wound
      strengths equal to or weaker than the pair fed group. By Day 14, the pair fed
      animals had wounds similar to those of controls but the Adriamycin-treated
      animals remained significantly weaker than the other groups. We feel that
      initially Adriamycin produces a short-term nutritional deficit that contributes
      to early wound healing impairment. Later, the toxicity of the drug predominates
      in altering wound repair.

PMID- 3411951
TI  - The effect of antral acidification on serum gastrin levels in neonatal pigs.
AB  - The cause of the physiologic hypochlorhydria and hypergastrinemia of the newborn
      is not understood. The effect of antral acidification on basal serum gastrin was
      studied in 32 anesthetized Landrace piglets divided into four groups of eight
      animals each: Group A, 1 to 7 days old; Group B, 8 to 15 days old; Group C, 16 to
      24 days old; and Group D, 25 to 48 days old. After a 2-hr fast, halothane
      anesthesia was administered. Inflow and outflow cannulae were inserted into the
      gastric lumen to create an intact isolated gastric antrum. HCl in saline (pH 2.5)
      was infused (10 cc/min) for 15 min and drained by continuous suction. The
      effluent was confirmed to be pH 2.5. Portal venous blood samples were obtained at
      basal levels and at 5, 10, and 15 min and assayed for gastrin. All groups had
      markedly elevated serum gastrin levels, as compared to normal adult values, in
      the basal state. Basal gastrin levels declined with increasing age to approach
      adult values by 7 weeks. Following antral acidification in Groups A, B, and C,
      there was a significant reduction in serum gastrin. All suppressed values
      remained significantly higher than adult basal, however. There was no significant
      change in gastrin levels in Group D with acidification.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3411952
TI  - Impaired immune function in obstructive jaundice.
AB  - Sepsis is a common and occasionally lethal complication of obstructive jaundice.
      The reasons for this increased susceptibility to infection are unknown. This
      study examines lymphocyte and reticuloendothelial (RES) function in animals with
      obstructive jaundice. Twelve New Zealand white rabbits (3-4 kg) were studied.
      Lymphocyte function was evaluated in six rabbits by phytohemagglutinin (PHA),
      concanavalin A (Con A), and pokeweed mitogen (PWM) stimulation. In six animals,
      hepatic RES function was assessed by calculating the phagocytic index (PI) using
      the disappearance of 99Tc sulfacolloid (5 mg/kg) iv. After baseline studies, the
      common bile duct was divided and ligated. The above studies and serum bilirubin
      were repeated at 3 weeks. Obstruction was then relieved by cholecystojejunostomy
      (CJ) and RES studies repeated monthly x 6. Preobstructive lymphocyte function
      showed a stimulation index ratio (log) of 0.85 +/- 0.25 for PHA, 0.75 +/- 0.3 for
      Con A, and 0.71 +/- 0.25 for PWM. With biliary obstruction, the values fell to 
      0.23 +/- 15 (P less than 0.006), -0.31 +/- 0.12 (P less than 0.006), and -0.29 (P
      less than 0.006), demonstrating impaired lymphocyte function. When tested
      lymphocytes were mixed with control pooled rabbit serum, however, no lymphocyte
      impairment was noted. Baseline hepatic PI was 6.02 +/- 0.18 and fell to 3.79 +/-
      0.33 with obstruction (P less than .01) and remained low at (3.20 +/- 0.14) 1
      month (P less than 0.01) and (3.33 +/- 0.23) at 3 months (P less than .01), after
      CJ but returned to normal (8.04 +/- 0.97) at 6 months.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3411950
TI  - Effect of antibody-mediated neutropenia on the cardiopulmonary response to
      endotoxemia.
AB  - An ovine anti-neutrophil antibody has been produced by immunizing rabbits with
      purified sheep neutrophils. Serial intraarterial infusions of anti-neutrophil
      antibody in awake instrumented sheep produced selective and profound neutropenia.
      Intravascular infusion of endotoxin (Escherichia coli, 1.5 micrograms/kg/30 min)
      resulted in significant and equivalent increases in pulmonary artery pressure,
      peripheral vascular resistance, and protein-rich pulmonary lymph flow in an
      endotoxin group (n = 9) and a depletion + endotoxin group (n = 4). Changes in
      cardiopulmonary parameters were most pronounced 2 to 8 hr after endotoxin
      administration in both groups. Cardiac index (CI) showed a precipitous and
      transient fall in both experimental groups at 0.5 to 1 hr after endotoxin
      infusion; however, by 8 hr CI rose significantly in the endotoxin group, while it
      remained unchanged in the depletion + endotoxin group. A significant rise in the
      peripheral neutrophil count was associated with the increase in CI in the
      endotoxin group. Plasma and pulmonary lymph levels of thromboxane-B2 were
      unchanged during the depletion period with a significant increase 1 hr after
      endotoxin infusion. In this study questions arise regarding the exclusive role of
      circulating neutrophils in the microvascular permeability changes seen in sepsis
      mediated adult respiratory distress syndrome.

PMID- 3411953
TI  - Glutaraldehyde-preserved venous valve transplantation in the dog.
AB  - Transplantation of femoral vein grafts was performed on 33 mongrel dogs to assess
      graft patency and valvular function after storage in glutaraldehyde. The grafts
      were removed from the donor, flushed with room temperature heparinized lactated
      Ringer's solution, and then stored in a 0.2% glutaraldehyde solution for 16 hr.
      At the time of grafting, the veins were again flushed with lactated Ringer's and
      anastomosed orthotopically to the recipient. An arteriovenous fistula was also
      created. Postoperatively the animals received daily doses of aspirin (2 mg/kg)
      and dipyridamol (50 mg). The following groups were studied: Group I (n = 10)
      served as controls and received fresh autografts. Group II (n = 13) received
      autografts stored for 16 hr in 0.2% glutaraldehyde. Group III (n = 10) received
      allografts stored similarly in glutaraldehyde for 16 hr. The grafts were
      monitored for evidence of patency. All grafts were removed for histological
      evaluation when patency was no longer detected or at the end of 7 weeks. Of the
      fresh and glutaraldehyde-preserved autografts (Group 1), 100% were patent at 7
      weeks, and generally retained valve function. Patency of allografts was only
      slightly inferior but valve function was disappointingly poor at 7 weeks.

PMID- 3411954
TI  - The deleterious effect of reduced pH and hypoxia on neutrophil migration in
      vitro.
AB  - The effect of altered microenvironment on human neutrophil locomotion was
      investigated. Reduced pH impaired both random and chemotactic migration using
      both the under-agarose and Boyden chamber techniques. Using the under-agarose
      technique, migration was progressively inhibited below pH 6.5, achieving
      significance at pH 5.5 (P less than 0.01 vs pH 7.5 for chemotactic and random
      migration). A similar pattern was noted using the Boyden chamber technique. At pH
      7.40, extreme hypoxia (less than 30 mm Hg) caused a small (15-25%) but
      significant reduction in chemotactic migration. An additive deleterious effect of
      low pH and hypoxia on PMN migration was also found. These studies suggest that
      altered local microenvironment may contribute to the failure of host leukocytes
      to resolve infection.

PMID- 3411955
TI  - The three different phases of reticuloendothelial system phagocytic function in
      rats with liver injury.
AB  - In the present study, reticuloendothelial system (RES) phagocytic function of
      rats with partial hepatectomy or experimentally induced liver cirrhosis was
      investigated by determining the phagocytic index, the opsonic index, and uptake
      rate in liver, spleen, and lung of a 51Cr-labeled endotoxin-injected rat. In both
      the partially hepatectomized and the cirrhotic rats, all three indicators varied
      markedly according to the elapsed period since liver injury. The changes in RES
      phagocytic function were classified into three different phases: compromised,
      compensatory, and enhanced. The compromised phase, consisting of a decrease in
      the phagocytic index, was observed during the first 24 hr after 67% hepatectomy
      and in advanced liver cirrhosis. This represented the failure of RES phagocytic
      function. The compensatory phase, in which the phagocytic index was maintained at
      nearly normal levels mainly by a compensatory enhancement in the opsonic index,
      was seen during the first to second postoperative day and in moderate liver
      cirrhosis. The enhanced phase, with a high phagocytic index, was observed from
      Day 4 to approximately Day 14 after surgery, and in the cases of mild liver
      damage. In the compromised and compensatory phases, the liver uptake rate was
      significantly decreased compared with the control. However, the uptake in the
      spleen and lung were markedly increased. In conclusion, the phagocytic function
      of the RES was significantly affected to a degree which changed with the extent
      of liver damage.

PMID- 3411957
TI  - Splenic autotransplantation: determination of the optimum amount required for
      maximum survival.
AB  - Splenic salvage in cases of traumatic or iatrogenic injuries may require
      autotransplantation of splenic fragments when splenorrhaphy or partial
      splenectomy is not possible. There are no studies which address the issue
      concerning the optimal amount of spleen to be transplanted in order to yield
      maximal survival in a model of pneumococcal sepsis. This study uses a Sprague
      Dawley rat model to attempt to clarify this issue. Animals were divided into
      seven groups: control, total splenectomy, 25, 40, 60, 80, and 100% omental pouch
      autotransplantation. These animals were challenged with intravenous Streptococcus
      pneumonia Type I after 24 weeks, and mortality and blood culture results were
      monitored. Transplants were recovered and weights were compared with the weights
      originally transplanted. Survival and blood culture results were seen to improve
      in a linear quantitative fashion as the amount of spleen autotransplanted
      increased up to 80%, after which no further improvement was seen. This data
      supports the autotransplantation of 80% of the spleen in the Sprague-Dawley rat
      as the optimum amount to achieve maximal survival in a model of pneumococcal
      sepsis.

PMID- 3411956
TI  - Complement depletion and persistent hemodynamic-hematologic responses in
      protamine-heparin reactions.
AB  - Hypotension, bradycardia, pulmonary artery hypertension, neutropenia, and
      thrombocytopenia have been suspected to be due to complement activation following
      protamine reversal of heparin. This investigation examined these phenomena in
      complement-depleted animals. Eight dogs received intraperitoneal naja n. naja
      cobra venom factor (CVF), 20 U/kg, 48 and 24 hr prior to anticoagulation with
      sodium heparin, 150 IU/kg, and reversal 30 min later with protamine sulfate, 1.5
      mg/kg. Decomplementation was confirmed in all dogs. Systemic blood pressure (BP),
      pulse (HR), pulmonary artery systolic and diastolic pressures, (PAS, PAD),
      cardiac output (CO), platelet count (PTC), and white blood count (WBC) with
      differential were monitored. The maximal mean changes for the entire group were
      BP, -43 mm Hg; HR, -16; PAS, +6 mm Hg; PAD, +3 mm Hg; CO, -27%; PTC, -49%; and
      WBC, -48%. These hemodynamic and hematologic responses, occurring in the face of
      CVF-induced decomplementation, support the conclusion that complement components
      C3 and C5-C9 are not influential factors contributing to these protamine-heparin
      induced events.

PMID- 3411959
TI  - ChoiceCare: a jury's view.

PMID- 3411958
TI  - Use of traction for removing transvenous pacing electrodes in the presence of
      infection.

PMID- 3411960
TI  - Pancytopenia in an elderly woman.

PMID- 3411961
TI  - A case of Legionnaires' disease.

PMID- 3411963
TI  - Chest X-ray of the month. Fever, chest pain, and a pleural-based density.
      Actinomycosis empyema necessitatis.

PMID- 3411962
TI  - Both-column acetabular fracture in a multiple trauma patient.

PMID- 3411964
TI  - Tennessee WIC infant formula rebate program: excessive prescriptions for non
      contract infant formula.

PMID- 3411966
TI  - Disability update. A painful experience.

PMID- 3411965
TI  - Loss Prevention case of the month. Not my responsibility!

PMID- 3411968
TI  - Ornithine decarboxylase levels in the rectal mucosa of patients with colonic
      neoplasia.
AB  - Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity in biopsy specimens of normal-appearing
      rectal mucosa was measured in 15 control patients, 5 patients with colon
      adenomas, and 11 patients with colon cancer. While women had significantly higher
      ODC activity than men, ODC activity was increased regardless of gender in the
      rectal mucosal biopsies of patients with benign or malignant colonic neoplasia
      compared with those of controls. The positive predictive value of ODC activity
      for remote colonic neoplasia was 61% for women and 91% for men. The results
      provide a rationale for long-term studies of ODC activity in rectal mucosa as a
      biological marker of high risk for large bowel neoplasia.

PMID- 3411967
TI  - Staging laparotomy in Hodgkin's disease: a community hospital experience.
AB  - Between 1977 and 1984, 50 patients with Hodgkin's disease underwent a staging
      laparotomy performed by nine surgeons in a community hospital. Adequate
      procedures were performed in 80% of cases compared to staging laparotomies done
      between 1969 and 1976 when only 40% were properly performed. Abdominal
      lymphangiogram had a false-negative rate of 0 but a false positive rate of 70%.
      Clinical stage III disease was significantly downstaged at laparotomy (65% of
      cases). Postoperative complication rate was 4% and there were no operative
      deaths. A subset of patients not requiring laparotomy have been identified.
      Because the quality of staging laparotomy and lymphangiography was variable, we
      encourage all centres treating patients with Hodgkin's disease to review their
      own experience with these techniques before making individual patient treatment
      decisions.

PMID- 3411969
TI  - Detection of liver involvement in Hodgkin's disease.
AB  - Liver involvement with Hodgkin's disease is determined at our institution by a
      combination of wedge biopsy and needle biopsy at the time of staging laparotomy.
      This retrospective study was undertaken to determine whether the wedge or the
      needle biopsy method is the more accurate. All staging laparotomies (n = 116)
      during the period 1972-1986 were reviewed. Twelve patients were found to have
      liver involvement with Hodgkin's disease; 2 had had wedge biopsies only and ten
      had had both wedge and needle biopsies. In all ten with both wedge and needle
      biopsies, the wedge biopsies were positive for liver involvement, but in only
      five were the needle biopsies positive. This study indicates that wedge biopsy is
      the more accurate method for detecting liver involvement in these patients, and
      we believe it should always be a part of the staging laparotomy for Hodgkin's
      disease.

PMID- 3411970
TI  - Radiographic evaluation for pulmonary metastases in sarcoma patients.
AB  - The records of 130 patients with soft tissue and bone sarcomas were
      retrospectively analyzed to identify the subgroups of patients that would benefit
      from tomographic studies for pulmonary metastasis. Sixty-six of 96 patients with
      a normal conventional chest roentgenogram (CXR) had tomography to diagnose
      pulmonary metastasis. Of the 53 patients who had primary disease and a normal CXR
      followed by tomography, only 1 (1.9%) had metastases identified on tomograms. Of
      the 13 patients who had locally recurrent sarcoma and a CXR plus tomographic
      studies, 2 (15%) had metastases detected on tomogram only. Tomographic studies
      detected significantly more sarcoma patients with pulmonary metastasis in the
      group with locally recurrent disease than in the group with primary disease (P
      less than 0.05).

PMID- 3411971
TI  - Adriamycin-vitamin E combination therapy for treatment of prostate adenocarcinoma
      in the Nb rat model.
AB  - Adriamycin used in combination with vitamin E (Tocopherol) was evaluated in the
      treatment of Nb rat prostate adenocarcinoma. Vitamin E has been shown to enhance
      the growth-inhibitory effects of adriamycin on human prostatic carcinoma cells in
      vitro. The adriamycin-vitamin E treatment groups had the lowest average final
      tumor volume, but the mortality rate was 57% (17/30). These results suggest that
      vitamin E may play a role in enhancing the cytotoxic effects of adriamycin, but
      may not have any protective effect on normal cells as previously suggested
      through in vitro methods.

PMID- 3411972
TI  - Rapidly growing mature teratoma of the mediastinum: do sex hormones affect growth
      of the tumor?
AB  - The case of a 12-year-old girl with an anterior mediastinal tumor is reported. A
      mass grew rapidly and occupied the anterior mediastinum after menarche. Resected
      material was diagnosed as a mature teratoma. Both estrogen receptors and
      progesterone receptors were detected in the resected tissue. The titer of
      estrogen receptors was 2-11.3 femtomoles per milligram of protein and that of
      progesterone receptors was 9.5-15.7 fmol/mg protein. Based on these data, it was
      surmised that sex hormones may affect the growth of the tumor in this case. The
      change in sex hormones after menarche may have played a role in the rapid growth
      of this tumor.

PMID- 3411973
TI  - Continuous monitoring of the biliary excretion of a pulse of labelled compounds.
AB  - A simple method allowing the continuous monitoring of the biliary excretion of a
      labelled, pulse-injected compound in a single-pass perfused rat liver is
      described. The collection device is a mini-strip-chart recorder: bile is
      collected on its moving paper as a uniform trail that dries almost
      instantaneously. After rapid injection into the portal vein, the biliary
      excretion of a labelled compound can be assessed measuring the radioactivity on
      the paper by cutting and counting narrow strips of paper or by a
      radiochromatogram scanner. Experiments performed with [14C]-bilirubin, [3H]
      taurocholate, and [14C]-nitrofurazone attest the validity of this technique,
      which can potentially improve the accuracy of hepatic transport studies in the
      isolated organ as well as in the intact animal.

PMID- 3411976
TI  - An in vivo chicken model for peripheral intravascular human fibrin clot
      detection.
AB  - A chicken model was prepared that provides a simple and economical method of
      evaluating the use of fibrin-specific monoclonal antibody 64C5 in the detection
      of peripheral vascular thrombi. Human fibrin was clotted in segments of a
      chicken's femoral artery and vein prior to intravenous injection of
      radioiodinated antibody 64C5. After a 3-hr perfusion time, the thrombosed and
      contralateral control segments of the vessels were excised and counted for
      radioactivity. The radiolabeled 64C5 uptake ratio of the thrombosed segment to
      the control segment was 5.4 +/- 1.2 (p less than 0.007) in the femoral artery,
      and 3.8 +/- 1.1 (p less than 0.02) in the femoral vein. This in vivo chicken
      model may also find application in studies of targeting agents for human fibrin.

PMID- 3411974
TI  - Delipidation of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein. Propranolol binding to this
      glycoprotein and its modification by extracted material and exogenous lipids.
AB  - Propranolol binding to human alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AAG) delipidated by two
      methods is described. Commercial AAG (99% pure) was either precipitated by
      ethanol-acetone and then washed by ether, or it was precipitated by ethanol.
      Binding capacity was quantified by the product n x Ka where n denotes the number
      of binding sites and Ka the association constant (M-1). Propranolol binding to
      nondelipidated AAG (n x Ka = 0.113 +/- 0.013 microM-1) was clearly increased
      after precipitation by ethanol-acetone (n x Ka = 0.386 +/- 0.109 microM-1) or
      precipitation by ethanol (n x Ka = 0.312 +/- 0.096 microM-1). Binding capacity
      potentiation cannot be due to modification of AAG microheterogeneity forms, as
      two-dimensional gel electrophoresis pattern of AAG in presence of concanavalin A
      was not altered after both methods. Recombination of precipitated AAGs with
      supernatant dry residue resulted in the abrogation of observed potentiation.
      Moreover, addition of a polar lipid, linoleic acid, (from 30 to 300 microM)
      strongly inhibited propranolol binding. These results indicated that glycoprotein
      precipitation by ethanol provided a simple method to further study binding
      inhibitors associated with isolated AAG.

PMID- 3411977
TI  - Induction of cyclic flow reduction in the coronary, carotid, and femoral arteries
      of conscious, chronically instrumented dogs. A model for investigating the role
      of platelets in severely constricted arteries.
AB  - Under sterile conditions, dogs were instrumented for continuous measurement of
      hemodynamics, and an Ameroid constrictor was positioned around either the left
      carotid, left femoral, or left anterior descending coronary artery to produce
      slowly progressive narrowing of the vessel. Cyclic flow reduction (CFR) developed
      in the carotid artery in seven of nine dogs on day 5.1 +/- 0.8 (mean +/- S.E.M.)
      at a frequency of 6.7 +/- 0.6 cycles per 30 min. This phenomenon was abolished
      for 30 +/- 5 and 45 +/- 15 min with intravenous administration of 50 and 100
      micrograms/kg, respectively of the thromboxane receptor antagonist, BM 13.505, 4
      [2-(4-chloro-benzene-sulfonamide)-ethyl]-benzene acetic acid. Total carotid
      artery occlusion occurred on day 7.9 +/- 0.8. CFR developed in the femoral artery
      in one of three dogs on day 4 at a frequency of 7 cycles per 30 min and was
      abolished for 82 min after BM 13.505 (50 micrograms/kg i.v.). The vessel became
      totally occluded on day 7. Finally, CFR developed in the left anterior descending
      coronary artery in three of five dogs on day 9.3 +/- 4.9 at a frequency of 6.2 +/
      0.9 cycles per 30 min. CFR was abolished for 37 min after BM 13.505 (50
      micrograms/kg i.v.) and for several hours after an oral dose of aspirin (650 mg).
      Total coronary occlusion was observed on day 17.4 +/- 2.6. The present results
      demonstrate that CFR can be induced in various arteries in conscious, chronically
      instrumented dogs by slowly progressive narrowing via Ameroid constrictors. This
      phenomenon may serve as a model for transient ischemic attack, claudication, and
      unstable angina. Because the conscious state is maintained, drug interactions
      with anesthetics are avoided. The usefulness of inhibitors of platelet
      aggregation in this model documents the potential benefit of such compounds in
      various vascular disease states.

PMID- 3411979
TI  - Guidelines for reporting morbidity and mortality after cardiac valvular
      operations.

PMID- 3411978
TI  - Time-dependent deterioration of active transport in duodenal segments of rat
      intestine.
AB  - In this study, a time-dependent deterioration of the active transport in duodenal
      segments of rat intestine was observed. The everted gut-sac technique was used to
      quantitate both calcium and glucose transport in intestinal segments. The results
      indicate that both calcium and glucose transport decreased significantly in
      intestinal segments of animals killed by cervical dislocation 10-20 min prior to
      tissue removal. It was further determined that animal anesthesia permitted
      excision of intestinal segments prior to death and thus avoided transport
      deterioration.

PMID- 3411975
TI  - Cultured neurons for testing cerebroprotective drug effects in vitro.
AB  - An attempt was made to establish hypoxic cultured neurons from chick embryo
      hemispheres as an in vitro model for testing cerebroprotective drug effects.
      Hypoxia was induced by adding 1 mmol/l KCN to the incubation medium of the cells.
      After various time periods (15-120 min), the cyanide-containing medium was
      replaced by fresh medium so that the cells could recover from hypoxia. High
      energy phosphate levels of the cells and the protein content of the cultures were
      determined as indicators of the cell viability and response. The cells showed a
      rapid and pronounced decrease in the levels of high-energy phosphates during
      cytotoxic hypoxia, and after removal of cyanide the energy state was restored
      again within few minutes. The protein content of the cultures remained unchanged.
      Pentobarbital inhibited the breakdown of the high-energy phosphates during
      hypoxia and accelerated their restitution during the recovery period. The results
      suggest that hypoxic cultured neurons could be a useful model for testing
      cerebroprotective drug effects.

PMID- 3411980
TI  - Switch operation for transposition of the great arteries in neonates. A study of
      120 patients.
AB  - From March 1984 to January 1987, anatomic surgical correction was performed on
      110 newborn infants (2 to 23 days old, mean 7.8 +/- 3.5, standard deviation) with
      simple transposition of the great arteries and 10 additional neonates (7 to 30
      days old, mean 17.9 +/- 8.3, standard deviation) with transposition and a large
      ventricular septal defect. All had preoperative catheterization. Ninety-six
      percent of the patients underwent balloon atrial septostomy and 90% received
      prostaglandin E1 infusion until the time of the operation. The anatomy of the
      coronary arteries according to the Yacoub classification was as follows: type A,
      82 patients; type B, 5 patients; type C, 4 patients; type D, 23 patients; and
      type E, 6 patients. Continuous hypothermic bypass with no circulatory arrest was
      used for all patients except two. Myocardial protection was ensured by
      crystalloid cardioplegia. Coronary artery relocation was performed according to
      the Yacoub technique with some modifications, and pulmonary artery reconstruction
      was done according to the Lecompte maneuver in all patients, even when the great
      vessels had a side-by-side relationship. The proximal pulmonary artery was
      reconstructed with two circular patches for the first 10 patients and with a
      single large posterior patch for the last 110 patients. Tanned heterologous
      pericardium was used for the first 25 patients and autologous native pericardium
      for the last 95 patients. The perioperative mortality rates were 8.3% for the
      entire series and 5.4% for the last 110 patients, with no deaths in the group
      having transposition plus ventricular septal defect. Late death from acute
      myocardial infarction occurred in two patients in the second month after
      operation. No patient was lost to follow-up, which ranged from 2 to 46 months
      (mean 16 +/- 11.2, standard deviation). The follow-up included sequential
      noninvasive evaluations and 32 catheterizations performed 10 to 18 months
      postoperatively. Two patients were reoperated on for pulmonary stenosis caused by
      retraction of the two heterologous pericardial patches, but neither died. Six
      others have mild to moderate pulmonary stenosis. Two patients have trivial aortic
      regurgitation. None have aortic dilatation or supravalvular aortic stenosis. The
      108 survivors have no cardiovascular symptoms. They all are in sinus rhythm, have
      normal left ventricular function, have no ischemic problems, and receive no
      medication.

PMID- 3411983
TI  - Inferior and superior vena caval blood flows during cross-clamping of the
      thoracic aorta in pigs.
AB  - Changes in blood flow through the inferior and superior venae cavae during cross
      clamping of the thoracic aorta just above the diaphragm were studied in 28
      miniature pigs anesthetized with enflurane titrated to maintain systemic arterial
      blood pressure close to normal values. Surgical preparation included sternotomy
      with subsequent placement of a noncannulating electromagnetic probe around the
      ascending aorta and a cannulating electromagnetic probe in the transected
      inferior vena cava. Superior vena caval flow was calculated as the difference
      between aortic flow and inferior vena caval flow. Clamping of the thoracic aorta
      alone (n = 10) was accompanied by severe arterial hypertension, a dramatic
      decrease in inferior vena caval flow, and an increase in superior vena caval
      flow, which resulted in a moderate increase in aortic flow. Simultaneous clamping
      of the thoracic aorta and inferior vena cava (n = 13) was accompanied by no
      significant change in arterial pressure or superior vena caval flow. The oxygen
      content in mixed venous blood significantly (p less than 0.05) increased from 9.5
      +/- 1.1 to 13.4 +/- 1.8 ml.dl-1 in animals undergoing clamping of the thoracic
      aorta only, but did not change significantly in animals subjected to simultaneous
      clamping of the aorta and inferior vena cava. The study demonstrates a
      substantial increase in superior vena caval flow during cross-clamping of the
      thoracic aorta. Further studies elucidating the mechanism of the observed changes
      are required.

PMID- 3411982
TI  - Intraoperative autotransfusion in cardiac operations. Effect on intraoperative
      and postoperative transfusion requirements.
AB  - The Southern Arizona Regional Red Cross Blood Program, in cooperation with two
      cardiac surgery groups, examined the effect of intraoperative autotransfusion on
      red cell, plasma, and platelet usage during and after cardiac operations. The
      study evaluated whether intraoperative autotransfusion influenced intraoperative
      or postoperative blood usage and whether regular use was more effective than
      selective use. The study demonstrated that intraoperative autotransfusion reduces
      intraoperative and postoperative blood use and that regular use of intraoperative
      autotransfusion is more effective than selective use.

PMID- 3411981
TI  - Total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage. Seventeen-year surgical experience.
AB  - Between 1968 and 1985, 80 children underwent correction of total anomalous
      pulmonary venous drainage. There were 47 boys and 33 girls whose ages ranged from
      3 days to 16 years (median 2 months, interquartile range 5 years). Seventy
      (87.5%) were less than 1 year of age at operation. Fifty-eight (72.5%) weighed
      less than 5 kg, the range being 1.6 to 42 kg (median 3.7 kg, interquartile range
      2.4 kg). Forty-five (56%) patients had supracardiac, 14 (17.5%) cardiac, 15 (19%)
      infracardiac, and 6 (7.5%) had mixed total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage.
      Follow-up was complete in 78 (97.5%) and ranged from 6 to 189 months (median 58
      months, interquartile range 59 months). There were 14 (17.5%) early and six
      (7.5%) late deaths. Analysis by various factors revealed year of operation as the
      only factor to affect survival at the 5% level of significance. Early mortality
      was 29% between 1968-1977 and 11% between 1978-1985 (p = 0.04). Postoperative
      pulmonary venous obstruction occurred in five (6%) patients between 6 weeks and 3
      months after operation. All 5 died, three after reoperation. Five (6%) other
      children had reoperations, four for residual shunts and one for superior vena
      caval obstruction.

PMID- 3411984
TI  - Internal mammary artery grafting in patients with smaller body structure.
AB  - The results of internal mammary artery grafting in 50 patients with a body
      surface area less than 1.6 m2 were compared with those in 54 patients with a
      larger body surface area. Age (58.8 +/- 8.2 versus 54.9 +/- 10.3 years old) and
      prevalence of female gender (28% versus 4%) were significantly different between
      the group of patients with a small body surface area and the group with a large
      body surface area, respectively. However, the prevalence of unstable angina,
      previous myocardial infarction, extent of coronary artery disease, and
      preoperative ejection fraction was not significantly different between the two
      groups. The mean number of distal anastomoses was 3.0 and 2.8, and the mean
      duration of aortic occlusion was 65.6 +/- 23.0 minutes and 59.5 +/- 21.7 minutes
      in the small and large body surface area groups, respectively (not significant).
      The mean free flow rate of the internal mammary artery was 65.6 +/- 16.8 ml/min
      in the small body surface area group and 78.0 +/- 21.6 ml/min in the large body
      surface area group (p less than 0.05). The diameters of the anterior descending
      and the circumflex arteries were significantly smaller in the small body surface
      area group. Two patients (4%) died within 30 days of operation and one patient
      died later in the small body surface area group, whereas no death was noted in
      the large body surface area group (not significant). No significant differences
      were found in the incidence of aortic balloon pumping, perioperative myocardial
      infarction, and serious postoperative complications between the two groups.
      Symptomatic relief was equally good in both groups (92% and 96%). The patency
      rate of the internal mammary artery was 95% (42/44) in the small body surface
      area group and 100% (48/48) in the large body surface area group within 1 year,
      mean 2.3 +/- 2.4 months. In conclusion, internal mammary artery grafting can be
      performed safely and effectively even in patients with small body structure.
      Though the blood flow of the internal mammary artery and the size of the coronary
      arteries were smaller in patients with small body structure, excellent patency of
      the internal mammary artery graft and satisfactory symptomatic relief can be
      expected.

PMID- 3411985
TI  - Protection of the immature myocardium. An experimental evaluation of topical
      cooling, single-dose, and multiple-dose administration of St. Thomas' Hospital
      cardioplegic solution.
AB  - Low cardiac output in infants after cardiac operations continues to be a problem,
      yet little experimental work has been done to evaluate the various methods of
      protecting the immature myocardium. In this study, we have used an isolated
      working heart model to test three methods of myocardial protection in 3- to 4
      week-old rabbit hearts: (1) topical cooling, (2) single-dose cardioplegia plus
      topical cooling, and (3) multiple-dose cardioplegia plus topical cooling.
      Myocardial temperature was maintained at 10 degrees C during ischemia, and St.
      Thomas' Hospital solution was used for cardioplegia. Sets of 18 hearts were
      subjected to 60, 90, or 120 minutes of ischemia, and within each set six hearts
      were protected by all three methods. After 90 and 120 minutes of ischemia, the
      percent recovery of aortic flow (expressed as mean +/- standard error of the
      mean) was lower in hearts protected with multiple-dose cardioplegia plus topical
      cooling (61.5% +/- 4.8%, 50.7% +/- 14.2%) than in those protected with topical
      cooling (92.4% +/- 5.7%, 94.3% +/- 12.8%) or single-dose cardioplegia plus
      topical cooling (86.4% +/- 5.3%, 90.2 +/- 3.6%). However, adenosine triphosphate,
      creatine phosphate, and glycogen levels were adequately preserved in all groups.
      Both topical cooling and single-dose cardioplegia provide effective protection
      for the immature rabbit heart during ischemia, but multiple-dose cardioplegia
      plus topical cooling results in inadequate preservation of hemodynamic function,
      despite adequate preservation of myocardial high-energy phosphate stores.

PMID- 3411986
TI  - Myocardial preservation in the neonate. Beneficial effects of cardioplegia and
      systemic hypothermia on piglets undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass and myocardial
      ischemia.
AB  - This study examined anatomic differences between the adult and the newborn heart
      as they relate to myocardial preservation and compared standard techniques of
      myocardial preservation used in operations for congenital heart disease. The
      biventricular endocardial surface area/ventricular mass ratios were calculated in
      10 neonatal (2.5 +/- 0.2:1) and 10 adult (0.6 +/- 0.1:1) pigs (p less than
      0.001). Three groups of neonatal pigs underwent 1 hour of global myocardial
      ischemia while being supported by cardiopulmonary bypass. Myocardial protection
      was by deep systemic hypothermia (group 1), moderate systemic hypothermia and
      cardioplegia (group 2), or by deep systemic hypothermia and cardioplegia (group
      3). Left ventricular end-systolic pressure-dimension and end-diastolic pressure
      dimension relationships were measured before and after cardiopulmonary bypass.
      Septal temperatures remained below 20 degrees C in groups 1 and 3 but rose above
      20 degrees C in group 2. Groups 1 and 2 had moderate and mild ventricular
      stiffening, respectively, whereas group 3 showed no diastolic dysfunction.
      Ventricular contractility was increased (p less than 0.05) in group 3. Techniques
      for myocardial preservation used during operations for congenital heart disease
      must consider the large endocardial surface area/mass ratio and the rewarming
      effects of systemic blood. The combination of deep systemic hypothermia and
      cardioplegia provided superior myocardial protection compared with the other
      techniques tested.

PMID- 3411987
TI  - The perioperative fate of residual gradients after repair of discrete subaortic
      stenosis and time-related blood levels of catecholamines.
AB  - The fate of the residual peak systolic left ventricular-aortic gradient was
      studied perioperatively in 14 patients with membranous discrete subaortic
      stenosis. In nine (group A) the initial postrepair left ventricular-aortic
      gradient was greater than 35 mm Hg (mean 56.8 +/- 13.4), and in five (group B)
      there was no significant postoperative gradient (mean 15.3 +/- 3.2 mm Hg). The
      operation included membranectomy and myectomy. Peak left ventricular-aortic
      pressure gradient, endogenous levels of norepinephrine, peak rate of rise of left
      ventricular pressure, cardiac index, systemic vascular resistance, heart rate,
      and central venous pressure were recorded at the end of cardiopulmonary bypass
      and in 3-hour intervals for the next 9 hours. In group A during that period there
      was a 67% reduction in peak systolic left ventricular-aortic gradient (from 56.8
      +/- 13.4 to 18 +/- 14 mm Hg, p less than 0.001). Concomitant reduction in the
      initial endogenous norepinephrine level was observed (from 982.1 +/- 181 to 422.6
      +/- 109 pg/ml, p less than 0.001). A consistent linear relationship between
      norepinephrine levels and peak systolic left ventricular-aortic gradient was
      found (r = 0.78). Systolic left ventricular pressure decreased from 174.2 +/-
      24.8 to 113.8 +/- 14.7 mm Hg (p less than 0.001). Marked reduction in peak rate
      of rise of left ventricular pressure (from 3455 +/- 636 to 2161 +/- 680 mm
      Hg/sec, p less than 0.001) was observed. Cardiac index increased and systemic
      vascular resistance decreased during the study period (from 2.11 +/- 0.2 to 3.07
      +/- 0.26 L/min, p less than 0.001, and from 2172 +/- 331 to 1233 +/- 202
      dynes/sec/cm-5, p less than 0.001, respectively). There were no significant
      changes in heart rate (p = not significant) and central venous pressure p = not
      significant). CONCLUSION: Some of the residual perioperative left ventricular
      aortic gradients in patients with discrete subaortic stenosis undergoing repairs
      are dynamic and transient, and are probably related to increased postoperative
      sympathetic activity.

PMID- 3411988
TI  - Anterior chest wall deformities and congenital heart disease.
AB  - Pectus excavatum and pectus carinatum usually exist as isolated abnormalities.
      Only 19 cases of associated congenital heart defects have been reported.
      Significant complications related to uncorrected pectus excavatum have been
      described either during or after cardiac operations. Therefore we reviewed our
      experience with these coexisting lesions to assess the risk of surgical repair of
      chest wall deformities before and after correction of congenital cardiac
      anomalies. Among 20,860 infants and children with congenital heart disease seen
      at our institution, 36 (0.17%) had associated anterior thoracic deformities, 22
      of whom underwent surgical correction of pectus excavatum or pectus carinatum.
      Ten of these 22 patients had pectus repair after a cardiac operation. Pleural or
      pericardial entry was avoided in all and none required a blood transfusion. Ten
      other patients had pectus repair either before cardiac repair (five patients) or
      without a subsequent cardiac operation. Another patient had a cardiac operation
      performed through a median sternotomy both before and after pectus repair, and
      the remaining patient, early in the series, had simultaneous banding of the main
      pulmonary artery and repair of pectus excavatum complicated by chest wall
      instability and a lethal intrathoracic hemorrhage. The experience indicates that
      congenital chest wall deformities can be safely and effectively repaired after
      early correction of congenital heart defects through a median sternotomy,
      although repair of the chest wall deformity after cardiac surgery also gives good
      results. However, in children who require an extracardiac conduit for repair of
      their congenital heart defect, we recommend initial repair of the pectus
      excavatum followed at 6 weeks or later by repair of the cardiac lesion to
      eliminate possible extrinsic compression of the conduit by the depressed sternum.
      We avoid simultaneous cardiac and pectus excavatum repair because of potential
      associated major complications.

PMID- 3411989
TI  - Bronchopleural fistula. A novel type of window thoracostomy.
AB  - Bronchopleural fistula usually associated with chronic empyema after lung
      operations continues to occur in modern surgical practice. Successful treatment
      depends to a large extent on adequate dependent drainage of the empyema space.
      Tube thoracostomy, although useful initially, is unacceptable as long-term
      treatment. Window thoracostomy as currently performed is effective but
      unnecessarily extensive. We describe a simpler procedure, triangular window
      thoracostomy, for use as a permanent pleurocutaneous stoma or as an interim
      measure before definitive surgical treatment.

PMID- 3411990
TI  - The role of early limited thoracotomy in the treatment of empyema.
AB  - On the basis of clinical experience with 80 patients at Denver General Hospital
      from 1979 through 1984, we devised a three-part classification of empyema. Class
      I empyema (n = 12) is pleural effusion with pH less than 7.2 and with no
      bacteria. Patients with this type of empyema were treated with short-duration
      chest tubes. Further treatment was required in two of 12. There were no deaths.
      Class II (n = 28) is classic uniloculate empyema. Patients with this category of
      empyema were treated with chest tubes, with two deaths. Class III (n = 40) is
      complicated empyema, with multiple loculations. Tube thoracostomy failed more
      often than not; decortication was required in 10 of 18 patients treated with
      prolonged tube drainage. Limited thoracotomy for drainage and placement of tubes
      was done in 22 patients. Five required extension of the thoracotomy and
      decortication. All 22 had resolution of the empyema with no additional
      procedures. Limited thoracotomy immediately or during the first week of treatment
      is recommended for all multiloculated or complex empyemas.

PMID- 3411991
TI  - Late strut fracture of the Beall model 105 disc valve prosthesis.
AB  - Strut fracture, with embolization of the disc occluder, caused the death of a 64
      year-old man who had a Beall model 105 heart valve prosthesis in the mitral
      position for 13 years. Scanning electron microscopy of the fractured surface
      revealed evidence of a fatigue failure mechanism in the metal wire. The case is
      unique in that strut fractures affecting this prosthesis had only been observed
      previously in the range of 141 to 342 days after implantation. Morphological
      changes in this valve prompted reexamination of three other model 105 prostheses
      that had been recovered from the mitral area at necropsy or surgery 9 to 10 years
      after insertion in 1972 or 1973. All had been kept in dry storage. The three
      prostheses and the valve described above showed previously unrecognized cracks in
      the pyrolytic carbon coating of the struts, which form the cage that limits
      occluder movement. The defects were located at or near the base of struts, where
      they entered the sewing ring and were bent to pass into the strut supporting
      ring. We believe that the cracks in the carbon coating precede total strut
      fracture and postulate that they are needed for the metal wire to be subject to a
      fatigue failure mechanism.

PMID- 3411993
TI  - Preoperative three-dimensional reconstruction of the heart and great vessels in
      patients with congenital heart disease. Technique and initial results.
AB  - Magnetic resonance images have been obtained preoperatively in six patients with
      congenital heart disease. Contiguous sequences of electrocardiogram-triggered
      spin-echo images have been reconstructed in three-dimensional form to define the
      size and anatomic relationships to the great vessels and internal cardiac
      structures. Findings of magnetic resonance imaging were corroborated by
      angiographic and sector-scan echocardiographic studies and at operation.
      Individual scan slices were manually edited to separate the heart and great
      vessels from the blood within them and from extracardiac structures. Surface
      reconstruction software originally developed for craniofacial and orthopedic
      surgical planning was adapted for processing of cardiac magnetic resonance image
      sequences. Preoperative three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging
      reconstructions were obtained in patients with aortic coarctation with
      ventricular septal defect, hypoplastic left ventricle, pulmonary artery atresia
      with ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect, partial atrioventricular
      canal defect with anomalous pulmonary venous drainage, and tetralogy of Fallot
      with peripheral pulmonary artery stenosis. The reconstructions showed anatomic
      findings consistent with two-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging,
      echocardiography, cineangiography, and intraoperative findings. The three
      dimensional images have a format that is familiar and consistent with the gross
      intraoperative appearance of the heart and great vessels. These three-dimensional
      images can facilitate the interpretation of magnetic resonance scan findings for
      cardiac surgeons without the sacrifice of significant clinical information.

PMID- 3411996
TI  - Senning repair for transposition of the great arteries without patch augmentation
      of the septum.
AB  - Forty-three consecutive patients with previous balloon atrial septostomy have
      undergone a Senning type repair of transposition of the great arteries without
      patch augmentation of the atrial septum. A technique was used that allows
      expansion of the atrial septum without the use of additional foreign or
      autogenous materials. The operative (30-day) mortality rate was 4.6% (2/43) with
      no late deaths. A mean follow-up of 20 months shows that 83% of the patients are
      in sinus rhythm and none of these patients have clinically detectable caval or
      pulmonary venous obstruction or baffle leaks. In patients selected for atrial
      switch, the Senning operation may be performed without patch augmentation of the
      septum. Performed by the method described herein, the operation provides
      predictable early and late results with a low prevalence of arrhythmias.
      Significant venous obstruction has not occurred.

PMID- 3411992
TI  - Laser-assisted anastomosis of large-diameter vessels with the carbon dioxide
      laser.
AB  - A low-powered carbon dioxide laser was used to accomplish large-vessel
      anastomosis in growing minipigs. Results showed excellent patency, near-normal
      growth rates, and minimal foreign body response.

PMID- 3411994
TI  - Results of operation for aortic valve stenosis in infants, children, and
      adolescents.
AB  - Surgical procedures for aortic valve stenosis may be considered either corrective
      or palliative. During a 22-year period from 1962 to 1984, 120 patients required
      operation for aortic valve stenosis. The operations done included 117 valvotomies
      and three initial valve replacements. Six patients, five infants and a 7-year-old
      girl, died at operation. The remaining 114 patients were followed up for 1 to 23
      years (mean 8.7 years). Twenty-six patients (23%) required a second operation 1
      to 15 years (mean 6.8 years) after initial valvotomy. Six patients (5%) required
      a third operation 3 months to 8 years (mean 4.4 years) after the second
      operation. Eighteen of the 26 patients (69%) having second operations required
      valve replacement. All third operations were valve replacements. No perioperative
      deaths occurred at the second and third operations. There were four sudden late
      deaths (3.5%). Eighty-four of the 114 patients (74%) followed up for 1 to 23
      years (mean 7.7 years) have had a satisfactory result from initial valvotomy,
      being free of symptoms and major events (stroke, endocarditis, sudden death), and
      have not required reoperation. Fifty-nine percent of a subgroup of 22 patients
      followed up for a mean of 17.7 years have had a satisfactory result from initial
      valvotomy.

PMID- 3411995
TI  - Flow dynamics of peripheral venous catheters during extracorporeal membrane
      oxygenation with a centrifugal pump.
AB  - Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation uses peripherally placed cannulas and a
      streamlined circuit without a venous reservoir. This study tests the flow
      dynamics of venous catheters connected without a reservoir directly to a
      centrifugal pump. During in vitro testing, a 30 cm segment of collapsible tubing
      interposed between the reservoir and pump simulates the vein. In five sheep, flow
      was measured between catheters placed in the right atrium and inferior vena cava
      from peripheral sites. Catheter tip design (four types) does not affect flow
      within a simulated vein in vitro. Maximum pump flow is independent of filling
      pressures (6 to 21 mm Hg) in vitro and in vivo when the catheter tip is in a tank
      reservoir or the right atrium. However, when the catheter tip is within a
      collapsible segment or in the inferior vena cava, maximal flow is significantly
      influenced by filling pressure (6 to 18 mm Hg) and by the ratio of catheter outer
      diameter to venous diameter. At all filling pressures, maximal flow in vivo is
      significantly reduced when this ratio is greater than 0.5. During extracorporeal
      membrane oxygenation, central venous pressure and catheter/vein ratio, not
      catheter size alone, control flow through peripheral venous catheters.

PMID- 3411997
TI  - Successful balloon avulsion of tricuspid valve in a neonate with pulmonary
      atresia and intact ventricular septum.

PMID- 3411999
TI  - Pericardial substitutes: animal versus clinical results.

PMID- 3411998
TI  - Brain microvascular function.

PMID- 3412002
TI  - The therapeutic effect of herba leonuri in the treatment of coronary myocardial
      ischemia.

PMID- 3412003
TI  - Effects of TCM therapy on the progression of chronic renal failure caused by
      primary glomerulonephritis.

PMID- 3412004
TI  - Treatment of peri-parturition chloasma.

PMID- 3412001
TI  - 37 cases of trigeminal neuralgia treated by acupuncture of point quanliao.

PMID- 3412000
TI  - "Silent" atrial septal defect complicating entrapped pacemaker electrode removal.

PMID- 3412006
TI  - Treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome with Chinese drug longdan xiegan tang.

PMID- 3412005
TI  - Therapeutical effects of jian pi yi shen prescription on the toxicity reactions
      of postoperative chemotherapy in patients with advanced gastric carcinoma.

PMID- 3412008
TI  - Treating impotence with traditional Chinese medicine coordinated by acupuncture &
      moxibustion.

PMID- 3412007
TI  - Clinical observation of 40 cases of sterility in men treated by the herb food
      "sparrow of good news".

PMID- 3412010
TI  - The effect of acupuncture in 90 cases of sequelae of brain concussion.

PMID- 3412009
TI  - Clinical report of drinking intervention on 310 cases with auriculo-acupuncture.

PMID- 3412012
TI  - Treatment on tennis elbow with heat needling--a clinical summary of 58 cases.

PMID- 3412013
TI  - Treatment of male sterility by traditional Chinese medicine--a clinical report of
      145 cases.

PMID- 3412011
TI  - Acupuncture treatment for agalactia.

PMID- 3412014
TI  - Effects of traditional Chinese medicine on ovarian follicle development in the
      rabbit.

PMID- 3412015
TI  - Ultrastructural studies on the effect of "gan fu kang" in preventing experimental
      liver damage in mice.

PMID- 3412016
TI  - Comparative analysis of therapeutic effects of acupuncture in the treatment of
      hyperthyroidism.

PMID- 3412017
TI  - The effect of acupuncture on the phagocytic activity of human leukocytes.

PMID- 3412018
TI  - An approach to the mechanisms of laser acupuncture in treatment of exophthalmic
      hyperthyroidism.

PMID- 3412020
TI  - An analysis of 883 cases of gastrointestinal dysfunction.

PMID- 3412019
TI  - Long-term follow-up of sympathetic ophthalmia treated by combination of Chinese
      traditional and Western medicine.

PMID- 3412021
TI  - Clinical observation of acupuncture treatment of hyperlipemia.

PMID- 3412022
TI  - Acupuncture treatment in 102 cases of chronic prostatitis.

PMID- 3412023
TI  - Identification of human herpesvirus 6-specific DNA sequences in two patients with
      non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
AB  - Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) is a recently discovered virus which has not been
      causally linked to any particular disease. In order to investigate the possible
      role of this virus in the pathogenesis of lymphoid malignancies, we examined
      tissue samples from 117 patients for the presence of HHV-6-specific DNA
      sequences. Two cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were found to be positive. One
      patient had a T cell lymphoma and a preceding history of angioimmunoblastic
      lymphadenopathy; the other had a B cell lymphoma occurring in the context of
      Sjogren's syndrome. HHV-6 has been isolated previously from a patient with
      angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy, and viral sequences have been identified in
      another patient with Sjogren's syndrome and B cell lymphoma. The relationship
      between HHV-6 and these conditions therefore warrants further investigation.

PMID- 3412025
TI  - Alpha-interferon therapy for Japanese patients with hairy cell leukemia.

PMID- 3412024
TI  - A study on the induction of differentiation of human leukemic cells by
      harringtonine combined with cytarabine.
AB  - Both harringtonine (Harr) and Ara-C are effective for treatment of ANLL. Since it
      was suggested that Harr could induce leukemic cells to differentiate and Ara-C
      might be a weak inducer of leukemic cell differentiation, we investigated the
      effect of Harr in combination with Ara-C on inducing differentiation of leukemic
      cells. Ten patients with ANLL were treated with low dose Harr in combination with
      low dose Ara-C. Complete remission was achieved in 8 of the 10 patients. After
      therapy, severe pancytopenia and moderate myelosuppression occurred in two
      patients who achieved remission. Four patients demonstrated a decrease in blast
      cells with an associated transient increase in mature granulocytes during
      therapy. Auer bodies appeared in 7-8% mature granulocytes in peripheral blood and
      in bone marrow on the 14th day of combination therapy in one patient. Freshly
      isolated leukemic cells from six pretreatment patients were cultured in liquid in
      the presence of Harr in combination with Ara-C. Apparent evidence of
      differentiation of leukemic cells and Auer bodies in the cytoplasm of mature
      granulocytic cells were observed in two of the six patients. The above results
      seem to suggest that the therapeutic effect of low dose Harr plus low dose Ara-C
      may result from both differentiation induction and cytotoxicity of the leukemic
      cells.

PMID- 3412026
TI  - Towards establishing comprehensive databases of cellular proteins from
      transformed human epithelial amnion cells (AMA) and normal peripheral blood
      mononuclear cells.
AB  - Databases of protein information derived from the analysis of two-dimensional
      gels have been established from transformed human amnion cells (AMA) and
      peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). A total of 1781 [35S]methionine
      labeled AMA proteins (1274 IEF, 537 NEPHGE) and a total of 1311 proteins from
      PBMC (948 IEF, 363 NEPHGE) were resolved and recorded using computerized (PDQ
      SCAN and PDQUEST softwares) two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. AMA and PBMC
      proteins (total, 454: 301 IEF, 153 NEPHGE) were matched both manually and by the
      computer. Information entered in the AMA database (in most cases for some major
      proteins) includes: molecular weight, protein name, HeLa protein catalogue
      number, mouse protein catalogue number, nuclear proteins, phosphorylated
      proteins, distribution of proteins in Triton X-100 supernatants and
      cytoskeletons, proliferation- and transformation-sensitive proteins, cell cycle
      specific proteins, mitochondrial proteins, proteins matched in normal human
      embryonal lung MRC-5 fibroblasts and PBMC cells, heat shock proteins, proteins
      affected by interferons, cytoskeletal proteins, and the presence of antibody
      against protein in human sera. Additional information has been entered for the
      cell cycle-regulated and DNA replication protein cyclin (PCNA). Information
      entered in the PBMC database includes molecular weight and potential markers for
      sorted populations of lymphocyte subtypes. For those proteins that have been
      matched to AMA proteins, information contained in some entries may be transferred
      from the AMA database.

PMID- 3412027
TI  - Major proteins in normal human lymphocyte subpopulations separated by
      fluorescence-activated cell sorting and analyzed by two-dimensional gel
      electrophoresis.
AB  - We have compared the overall patterns of protein synthesis of normal human
      lymphocyte subpopulations taken from five volunteers using high resolution two
      dimensional gel electrophoresis. The lymphocytes were isolated using density
      gradient centrifugation, labeled with subtype-specific MoAbs, and separated to a
      high degree of homogeneity by FACS into CD4+ helper T cells, CD8+ suppressor T
      cells, CD20+ B cells, and N901 (NHK-1)+ NK cells. The four lymphocyte
      subpopulations were labeled with [35S]methionine for 14 hr, solubilized in lysis
      buffer, and analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (IEF). Of about 1000
      proteins resolved in each case, most were found to be common to all
      subpopulations. However, eight putative markers for B1+ (proteins 5525, Mr =
      63,700; 5621, Mr = 63,700; 8311, Mr = 36,900; 2202, Mr = 36,300; 6121, Mr =
      30,300; 106, Mr = 29,300; 5009, Mr = 23,000; 8012, Mr = 11,600) and one for N901+
      (protein 8129, Mr = 30,400) were identified. In contrast, no major protein
      markers were found that could differentiate T4+ and T8+ cells from each other or
      from B cells and NK cells. With the exception of two B1+ markers (proteins 5525
      and 5621), lower but variable levels of the other markers were observed in all
      cell types. All the putative protein markers have been identified in the protein
      database of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) (see accompanying
      article by Celis et al.). Comparison of the overall patterns of protein synthesis
      of the unsorted PBMCs with those of the four subpopulations showed that the
      synthesis of some major PBMC proteins decreased substantially in the sorted
      subsets. These proteins are most likely not of monocyte origin, as these cells
      constituted only about 15% of the total PBMCs. Also, the inhibition does not seem
      to be due to the addition of the single MoAbs or to cell cycle differences. Taken
      together, the data provide a background for further studies of protein profiles
      in normal (resting or activated) and malignant hematopoietic cells.

PMID- 3412028
TI  - Trichloroacetic acid chemexfoliation (chemical peel) for extensive premalignant
      actinic damage of the face and scalp.
AB  - Trichloroacetic acid chemexfoliation is an effective, versatile, and safe
      therapeutic option for patients with extensive actinic keratoses of the face and
      scalp. With an experienced and skilled operator, the associated complications are
      rare and tend to be mild. Cosmetically, the patient not only benefits from
      removal of the erythematous, scaly actinic keratoses but also obtains
      cosmetically pleasing rejuvenation of facial skin and diminution of fine facial
      wrinkles. Two representative cases are presented. In comparison with other
      available treatment modalities, trichloroacetic acid chemexfoliation involves a
      shorter treatment period and wound healing time and is not dependent on patient
      compliance.

PMID- 3412030
TI  - Minimal-exposure transfusion: a new approach to homologous blood transfusion.

PMID- 3412029
TI  - Effect of arterial revascularization on transcutaneous oxygen tension of the
      ischemic extremity.
AB  - In 20 patients (24 limbs) with peripheral occlusive arterial disease involving
      the lower extremities, foot and chest transcutaneous oxygen tension (tcPO2) and
      ankle and arm systolic blood pressures were measured, with the patient's legs
      horizontal and with them in an elevated position, before and after
      revascularization procedures. Eighteen of the procedures were unilateral and were
      performed to alleviate severe ischemia; the three bilateral procedures were done
      to relieve intermittent claudication. Regional perfusion index (RPI) was
      calculated for each foot (RPI = tcPO2 foot/tcPO2 chest) with the legs horizontal
      and with the legs elevated for 3 minutes (RPI3). The ankle/brachial index was
      calculated from ankle and arm systolic blood pressures. Limbs with severe
      ischemia had considerably decreased RPI and RPI3 before revascularization,
      whereas limbs affected by claudication had only a modest decrease in RPI but a
      pronounced decrease in RPI3. The tcPO2, RPI, and RPI3 increased substantially
      after revascularization.

PMID- 3412031
TI  - Statistical considerations for performing multiple tests in a single experiment.
      3. Repeated measures over time.

PMID- 3412032
TI  - Body composition denominators for measurements of metabolism: what measurements
      can be believed?

PMID- 3412033
TI  - Strategies for blood transfusion.

PMID- 3412034
TI  - Effect of cytostatics on liver retinol store in rat.
AB  - The effect of the cytostatics doxorubicin, 6-thioguanine and cytarabine on
      retinol store in rat liver was examined. When rats were treated with
      pharmacological doses of the combination of doxorubicin and 6-thioguanine for 10
      days, the content of retinol in the liver was reduced by about 33%. In a longer
      term experiment, doxorubicin and cytarabine given separately reduced the retinol
      store by 33% and 11%, respectively, while doxorubicin and 6-thioguanine given in
      combination reduced retinol in liver by 31%. For one of the cytostatics
      (doxorubicin) the effects on plasma retinol and on acyl CoA:retinol
      acyltransferase (ARAT) activity in small intestine were also examined. Both were
      transiently reduced during the experiment.

PMID- 3412035
TI  - Phase I trial of the combination of 6-methylmercaptopurine riboside and 5
      fluorouracil.
AB  - 6-Methylmercaptopurine riboside (MMPR) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) were
      administered sequentially to 12 patients in a phase I clinical trial. Toxicities
      included mild nausea and vomiting, as well as reversible leukopenia and
      thrombocytopenia. Maximal accumulation of 6-methylmercaptopurine ribonucleoside
      5'-monophosphate (MMPR-P), the active metabolite of MMPR, in patients'
      erythrocytes occurred between 2 and 6 h after the administration of MMPR and the
      degree of accumulation was dose-related. At 96 h after MMPR administration, MMPR
      P was still detectable in patients' erythrocytes. Although no clinical responses
      were documented, a modified dosage schedule of these drugs should be pursued
      based on the pharmacokinetic data obtained.

PMID- 3412036
TI  - Adriamycin, vincristine and mitomycin C as first and second line therapy for
      advanced breast carcinoma.
AB  - Forty-three patients with advanced breast cancer were treated with adriamycin,
      vincristine and mitomycin C at 6 week intervals. Adriamycin 40 mg m-2 and
      vincristine 1 mg m-2 were given on days 1 and 22: patients treated early in the
      study received 10 mg m-2 mitomycin C, but in view of repeated treatment delays
      the dose was reduced to 6 mg m-2. Thirty-two women had received prior hormone
      therapy and 24 previous chemotherapy. Responses were seen in 15 of 38 evaluable
      patients (40%) with a further 9 (24%) achieving disease stabilization. Median
      duration of response was 10 months and of disease stabilization was 5 months.
      Overall median survival for the whole group was 8 months, but 16 months for the
      15 responding patients, five of whom survived beyond 2 yr. Responses were seen
      more frequently in patients who had received no prior chemotherapy.
      Myelosuppression may have contributed to three of the five early deaths in the
      non-pretreated group. Other significant side effects were alopecia,
      gastrointestinal toxicity and malaise.

PMID- 3412037
TI  - Pergamon Press--40 years.

PMID- 3412038
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of cis-dichloro-trans-dihydroxy-bis-isopropylamine platinum IV
      (iproplatinum, CHIP) in patients with normal and impaired renal function and
      following intraperitoneal administration.
AB  - CHIP is a quadrivalent platinum (Pt) complex, introduced clinically as a less
      toxic alternative to cis-platinum. The drug's major route of excretion is via the
      kidneys, and in this study the pharmacokinetics of unchanged CHIP, filterable Pt
      and total Pt have been determined following intravenous administration to
      patients with a range of renal function. Total Pt and filterable Pt in plasma
      decayed biexponentially and was fitted to a two-compartment model, whereas
      unchanged CHIP declined monoexponentially and was best fitted to a one
      compartment model, according to Akaike's information criteria. There is a
      correlation between the unchanged CHIP clearance and 51Cr-EDTA clearance. The
      pharmacokinetics of CHIP was determined following intraperitoneal (i.p.)
      administration (dose, 150-300 mg m-2 4 h dwell time) and a regional advantage
      (peritoneal peak concentration/plasma peak concentration) of approximately 30
      fold was seen. It is likely that the dose of CHIP will need to be reduced in
      patients with impaired renal function, and the use of i.p. CHIP in ovarian
      carcinoma warrants further study.

PMID- 3412039
TI  - [Characteristics and evolution of uremic pleural effusion].

PMID- 3412041
TI  - [Tuberculosis morbidity in Spain].

PMID- 3412040
TI  - [How can we optimize therapy with sustained-release theophyllines?].

PMID- 3412042
TI  - [Poisoning by ingestion of castor bean seeds. Apropos of a case].

PMID- 3412044
TI  - Difficult diagnoses.

PMID- 3412043
TI  - [Polymyalgia rheumatica and biopsy of the temporal artery].

PMID- 3412045
TI  - Effect of various classes of drugs on complete ischemia induced by decapitation
      and cyanide intoxication in mice.
AB  - Effects of various classes of drugs on complete ischemia (gasping) induced by
      decapitation and cyanide intoxication in mice were investigated. The average
      gasping duration in complete ischemia and survival time in potassium cyanide
      injection of control mice were 21.0 +/- 0.1 and 26.1 +/- 0.4 sec (mean +/- SEM),
      respectively. Some antidepressants, neuroleptics and tranquilizers significantly
      and dose-dependently prolonged the duration of gasping and survival time, and
      decreased locomotor activity. Vincamine and its analogues are markedly effective
      for treating cyanide intoxication. It is conceivable that this is a
      characteristic phenomenon for vincamine. Xanthine analogues significantly and
      dose-dependently shortened the duration of gasping and survival time and
      increased locomotor activity. These results suggest that the cerebral protecting
      effect primarily relates to the cerebral energy demand.

PMID- 3412047
TI  - Exploratory behavior and the dual activity of some psychoactive drugs. Part III.
      Antidepressants.
AB  - Exploration is an essential, life-preserving component of animal higher nervous
      functions. The experiments presented here show that exploratory behavior may
      differ in relation to the subject's emotional baseline, and that accordingly it
      is affected differently by various antidepressants.

PMID- 3412046
TI  - Effect of triflusal and acetylsalicylic acid on platelet aggregation in human
      whole blood: influence of red blood cells and leukocytes.
AB  - A study has been made on the in vitro effect of triflusal, acetylsalicylic acid
      (ASA and their major metabolite, 2-hydroxy-4-trifluoromethylbenzoic acid (HTB),
      and salicylic acid (SA), on platelet aggregation in human whole blood. SA
      exhibited no significant antiplatelet effects (IC50 greater than 2mM) against
      several inducers; the IC50 values for the other compounds were: triflusal, 140
      microM against ADP and 63.2 microM against collagen; HTB, 100 microM against ADP
      and 260 microM against collagen; ASA 687 microM against ADP and 9.3 microM
      against collagen. Red blood cells potentiate the antiaggregant effect of HTB and
      of triflusal, and to a lesser extent, that of ASA; leukocytes primarily
      potentiate the effect of ASA and, to a lesser extent, that of triflusal.

PMID- 3412048
TI  - A novel CaCl2 continuous infusion screening method for antiarrhythmic and/or
      calcium antagonist drugs in rat.
AB  - The authors describe a new method to screen antiarrhythmics drugs by continuous
      infusion of calcium chloride in albino rat. Results are compared with those of a
      single injection method. Three reference compounds were tested: verapamil,
      nifedipine and trimetazidine. Verapamil and trimetazidine were shown to be
      equally active by the two methods. A fourth compound, synthetized in the
      laboratory, was active in the various arrhythmia models and, in particular, in
      the novel model described.

PMID- 3412050
TI  - [Analysis of tests at the level of centralized hospital care results in faster
      diagnosis of infectious diseases].

PMID- 3412049
TI  - Acute effects on psychomotor performance of binedaline alone and with alcohol.
AB  - The effects of single oral doses of binedaline (100 mg), imipramine (50 mg) and
      placebo administered without and with alcohol (0.8 g/kg) were compared on
      performance tasks (posturographic recordings, i.e., body sway to study alertness,
      squares test to explore attention and concentration) and subjective assessments
      in 12 healthy volunteers. The tasks were completed 1.4 and 8 h after drug
      administration. Blood samples were collected at the same times. Binedaline had no
      significant effects on any of the task parameters and did not interact with
      alcohol. Imipramine alone impaired performance at 4 h as shown on posturographic
      parameters. These disturbances were potentiated by the intake of alcohol. No
      pharmacokinetic interaction was noted.

PMID- 3412051
TI  - [For safer and cheaper health care: through quality control of all kinds of
      treatment].

PMID- 3412052
TI  - [Polymer fume fever--differential diagnosis of acute fever].

PMID- 3412054
TI  - [Cancer epidemiology in focus].

PMID- 3412053
TI  - [Imported rickettsia infections--possible etiology of diffuse febrile exanthema].

PMID- 3412055
TI  - [Fear that sexually transmitted disease carriers are not wearing condoms,
      increases].

PMID- 3412056
TI  - [AIDS not as threatening as environmental destruction].

PMID- 3412057
TI  - [Two reminders: criticism of the age limit in a local memorandum. A 77-year old
      patient refused admission to a cardiac intensive care unit].

PMID- 3412058
TI  - [The sweetening agent aspartame--a health risk?].

PMID- 3412059
TI  - [Humidifier fever in a printing office--a study of patients and the work
      environment].

PMID- 3412060
TI  - [Ulcus molle--current diagnosis and treatment].

PMID- 3412061
TI  - [Primary torsion of the omentum--differential diagnosis from acute appendicitis].

PMID- 3412062
TI  - [Cancer and occupation].

PMID- 3412063
TI  - [Priorities in the research terrain--a way of increasing knowledge about risks in
      the work environment].

PMID- 3412064
TI  - [Great Britain: completely tax-supported health care--private care improved by
      faster service].

PMID- 3412065
TI  - [HIV brain damage is a growing neurologic problem].

PMID- 3412066
TI  - [Low osmolarity contrast media--a big step in radiologic diagnosis].

PMID- 3412067
TI  - [Compulsory psychiatric commitment--a delicate task].

PMID- 3412068
TI  - [Public opinion poll: Public attitude and knowledge are important for the
      reintegration of psychiatric patients to society].

PMID- 3412069
TI  - [Compulsory psychiatric care--converted and non-converted patient attitudes].

PMID- 3412070
TI  - [Glycosphingolipids--membrane structures of biomedical interest].

PMID- 3412071
TI  - [Symposium: respiratory problems in thoracic restriction, spinal cord injuries
      and neuromuscular diseases].

PMID- 3412072
TI  - [Vomiting of gallstones as the first sign of gallstone ileus].

PMID- 3412073
TI  - [Food and cancer--methodological aspects].

PMID- 3412074
TI  - [Food and cancer--epidemiological relation between different types of tumor and
      dietary factors].

PMID- 3412075
TI  - [Maneuvering an oil-tanker--policy and politics in Swedish health care].

PMID- 3412076
TI  - [Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy--promising results in the treatment of
      cholelithiasis].

PMID- 3412077
TI  - [Still no HIV epidemic among drug addicts in the south of Sweden].

PMID- 3412078
TI  - [Long delay outside hospitals makes effective treatment of acute myocardial
      infarction worse].

PMID- 3412079
TI  - [Asymptomatic bacteriuria is not an isolated phenomenon. Bladder dysfunction is
      probably of importance for the development].

PMID- 3412080
TI  - [Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy of gallstones--a promising technology
      which should be evaluated].

PMID- 3412082
TI  - [Photosensitivity and lupus erythematosus].

PMID- 3412081
TI  - [Enterococcal endocarditis following legal abortion].

PMID- 3412083
TI  - [Cancer risk in connection with oral contraceptives and postmenopausal hormone
      treatment].

PMID- 3412084
TI  - [Immunopathology--a science in the front-line. Interview by Bo Lennholm].

PMID- 3412085
TI  - Experience with the sternocleidomastoid myoperiosteal flap for reconstruction of
      subglottic and tracheal defects: modification of technique and report of long
      term results.
AB  - Subglottic or tracheal reconstruction may be required in cases of subglottic
      stenosis, invasive thyroid carcinoma, or trauma. The sternocleidomastoid
      myoperiosteal flap uses clavicular periosteum on a muscle pedicle to provide
      vascularity. Clavicular periosteum is fibrous, durable, and will conform to the
      shape of the trachea, forming bone to provide stability to the airway. The
      procedure is relatively simple and involves single-staged reconstruction. After 4
      years' experience with this flap, we present the results from a series of 11
      patients who underwent subglottic or tracheal reconstruction with the
      sternocleidomastoid myoperiosteal flap. Ten of 11 patients were successfully
      decannulated. The average time from reconstruction to decannulation was 50.3
      days. Follow-up ranged from 12 to 40 months. We also describe modifications of
      the initial technique that have been introduced to improve the flap's versatility
      and effectiveness.

PMID- 3412086
TI  - Motor-evoked potentials of facial musculature in dogs.
AB  - Motor responses of limb musculature have been elicited by transcranial brain
      stimulation using electrical and magnetic stimulation. Recording from muscles
      innervated by cranial nerves has not previously been reported. A unilateral
      hemispheric craniotomy was performed in 24 dogs. An electric stimulus was
      delivered directly to the exposed motor cortex via surface electrodes. Evoked
      electromyographic responses to motor cortex stimulation were recorded from the
      contralateral orbicularis oculi and orbicularis oris muscles. Preliminary
      investigation into the use of magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex is
      compared to direct electrical cortical stimulation. This study demonstrates the
      potential for magnetic stimulation in the intraoperative and outpatient clinical
      evaluation of facial nerve disorders. It appears possible, for the first time
      using magnetic stimulation, to noninvasively stimulate these nerves proximal to
      the point of injury and to evaluate more central conduction pathways.

PMID- 3412087
TI  - A new voice button for post-total laryngectomy speech rehabilitation.

PMID- 3412088
TI  - Surgical management of choanal atresia.
AB  - Our experience with the diagnosis and surgical management of 37 patients with
      congenital atresia or severe stenosis of both posterior nasal choanae is
      presented. Twenty-five were repaired transnasally and 12 were repaired
      transpalatally. Soft stents were fashioned from Silastic tubing and used for 6 to
      12 weeks postoperatively. In 64% of the transnasal operations and 83% of the
      transpalatal operations, full patency of both choanae was achieved without the
      necessity of dilatations. In most of the remaining operations, one lumen remained
      patent.

PMID- 3412089
TI  - Tissue expansion and cutaneous blood flow.
AB  - The effect of controlled skin expansion in blood flow was investigated using the
      dermofluorometer. Twenty-eight subcutaneous pockets in seven pigs were divided
      into three groups. Group 1: subcutaneous pockets with a gradually inflated 200-cc
      tissue expander over 12 days, then deflated and observed for 6 days. Group 2:
      subcutaneous pockets with a noninflated 200-cc tissue expander. Group 3:
      subcutaneous pockets elevated without placement of a tissue expander.
      Measurements taken 30 to 45 minutes after partial inflation of the tissue
      expander showed a decrease in blood flow while blood flow was increased 30 to 45
      minutes after deflation of the tissue expander. The increase in blood flow,
      however, was not evident 6 days after the expander in group 1 was deflated.

PMID- 3412090
TI  - Patency of the internal jugular vein after functional neck dissection.
AB  - The objective of this study was to determine the immediate patency rate for
      internal jugular veins preserved in functional neck dissections. Thirteen
      patients had contrast-enhanced CT scans 2 to 4 weeks postoperatively. Ten veins
      were patent and had a diameter comparable to that seen on the preoperative scan;
      one vein was narrowed but patent; two were occluded. Probable factors associated
      with occlusion include trauma of the vessel and extrinsic compression of the vein
      by the skin or myocutaneous flaps.

PMID- 3412091
TI  - The evolving treatment of necrotizing external otitis.
AB  - Necrotizing external otitis, or malignant external otitis, as initially described
      by Chandler, is a life-threatening Pseudomonas infection of the external auditory
      canal and skull base, which occurs most commonly in elderly diabetic patients.
      Historically, radical surgical intervention was the primary method of treatment.
      The treatment of choice has shifted during the past 20 years to aggressive
      systemic antibiotic therapy, with surgery reserved for those patients whose
      disease is resistant to medical therapy. Using this approach, 19 patients with
      necrotizing external otitis were treated at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation
      during the past 8 years. A 90% rate of cure was obtained. The diagnostic approach
      to patients suspected of having necrotizing external otitis, a classification
      scheme defining the extent of disease, delivery of systemic antibiotic therapy,
      indications for surgical intervention, and overall effectiveness of treatment are
      reviewed.

PMID- 3412092
TI  - The pattern and stability of postmeningitic hearing loss in children.
AB  - Following meningitis, 280 children (168 boys, 112 girls) had audiological
      assessment, and 87 (31%) were initially found to have a sensorineural hearing
      loss in one or both ears. Twenty-three children were followed elsewhere. Of 64
      children followed for an average of 3.46 years, 55 (86%) exhibited stable
      auditory thresholds over time, most commonly (24) bilateral, profound/anacusic
      losses. One moderate and four severe losses were identified, but no bilateral,
      mild losses. Nineteen children had asymmetric losses with varied audiometric
      configurations. Seven children presented with a unilateral hearing loss, again
      with a range of configurations. Auditory thresholds changed over time in nine
      children, either improving, declining, or fluctuating, over a variable interval
      ranging from 1 month to 12 years.

PMID- 3412093
TI  - Congenital cholesteatomas in children: an embryologic correlation.
AB  - The clinical findings in 37 children with congenital cholesteatoma of the middle
      ear, 17 of which have not been previously reported, are presented. Clinical
      findings and surgical observations are correlated with recent developmental
      studies. It is hypothesized that congenital cholesteatoma may originate from an
      epidermoid formation, which has been identified in the anterior superior lateral
      tympanic cavity adjacent to the anterior annulus during fetal development, and
      which normally is present early in development, involuting by 33 weeks'
      gestation. It is proposed that the epidermoid formation may not always involute,
      and could serve as an embryologic anlage of congenital cholesteatomas.

PMID- 3412094
TI  - Elective resection of the internal carotid artery without reconstruction.
AB  - Curability of skull base tumors is related to the ability to achieve a complete
      resection. Resection of the internal carotid artery with the tumor puts the
      patient at risk for catastrophic cerebral injury. Autogenous vein grafting is not
      always technically or physiologically possible. We present eight patients with
      tumors eroding the cranial base who underwent safe resection or occlusion of the
      internal carotid artery as predicted by three tests: 1. carotid arteriography, 2.
      temporary balloon occlusion of the internal carotid artery, and 3. xenon
      computerized tomography cerebral blood flow mapping. No patient suffered
      permanent central nervous system injury.

PMID- 3412096
TI  - Gastroesophageal reflux as an etiologic factor in laryngeal complications of
      intubation.
AB  - Significant complications are encountered in some patients as a result of
      prolonged endotracheal intubation. The finding of low gastric pH values at
      postmortem examination in patients whose larynx was severely traumatized after
      endotracheal intubation suggested that gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is an
      important factor in the pathogenesis of these problems. To evaluate the
      occurrence and character of GER as well as its effects upon the larynx and
      trachea of intubated patients, clinical observations and several animal models
      were employed. Monitoring of pH values for GER was performed in intubated
      patients both in the operating room and the intensive care unit with a 40%
      incidence of GER in ICU patients not receiving antacid therapy. After exposure to
      gastric juice, marked inflammation and necrosis were observed in the larynx of
      rabbits, and a significant reduction of mucociliary flow was found to occur in
      the dog's trachea. The physiology and mechanisms of these events are discussed
      and indicate that GER may play an important role in the development of permanent
      laryngeal and tracheal injury in the intubated patient. It is recommended that
      pharyngeal pH be monitored in intubated patients because their altered state of
      consciousness may predispose to gastric reflux. When GER is encountered,
      initiation of treatment should be undertaken because prevention is considerably
      more effective than subsequent treatment.

PMID- 3412095
TI  - Lipoma and liposarcoma of the parotid gland: high-resolution preoperative imaging
      diagnosis.
AB  - Over the past 7 years, nine fatty tumors within the parotid gland have been
      managed (eight lipomas, one liposarcoma). High-resolution computed tomography
      examination was carried out in all cases; with correct preoperative diagnosis
      recorded each time. The computed tomography imaging characteristics of lipoma,
      liposarcoma, and the differential diagnosis from other fat density lesions, such
      as a fatty infiltration, appear quite specific. The liposarcoma and six of the
      lipomas were resected at formal parotidectomy with facial nerve preservation. Two
      patients with small intraglandular lipomas have elected to undergo long-term
      clinical and imaging observation. Our experience indicates that high-resolution,
      soft-tissue imaging with computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging
      permits consistent preoperative fatty tumor diagnosis. This imaging input
      facilitates rational treatment decision-making.

PMID- 3412097
TI  - Esophageal web in Plummer-Vinson syndrome.
AB  - In Plummer-Vinson syndrome, esophagography often reveals a web at the anterior
      wall of the cervical esophagus. The pathogenesis of the esophageal web and the
      cause of dysphagia in this syndrome were investigated radiographically,
      endoscopically, manometrically, and histologically. It was considered that the
      web seen in the esophagogram may have been formed due to the restriction of
      dilation of the esophageal wall, which results from repetitive inflammation and
      the subsequent healing process. Dysphagia in this syndrome may be explained by a
      decrease in swallowing power. Iron deficiency anemia may play the main role in
      the above histological changes and the resulting decrease in swallowing power.

PMID- 3412098
TI  - Open-set word recognition with the Duren/Cologne extracochlear implant.
AB  - The author visited Duren, West Germany and evaluated the performance of five
      patients implanted with the extracochlear Duren/Cologne implant who achieved
      better word recognition levels. Word and sentence speech reception tests were
      presented live-voice by a familiar German speaker. Performance ranged from 1% to
      80% correct word recognition with sentence material, 0% to 63% correct word
      recognition with word lists, and 13% to 86% correct recognition for phonemes in
      words. One patient achieved high-level, open-set word recognition without visual
      cues, using single-channel, extracochlear stimulation. Preimplant auditory
      thresholds in her implanted ear were 60, 65, 90, and 105 dB HL at octave
      frequencies from 125 to 1,000 Hz, respectively. There was no measurable hearing
      at higher audiometric frequencies.

PMID- 3412099
TI  - [Why medicine cannot exist without science and an open letter to physicians].

PMID- 3412101
TI  - [17-hydroxyprogesterone in blood dried on filter paper from healthy premature and
      term neonates and patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia].

PMID- 3412100
TI  - [Does lysine-vasopressin have an effect on the memory in alcoholics?].

PMID- 3412102
TI  - [Care of health personnel after accidental exposure to hepatitis B virus].

PMID- 3412103
TI  - [Analysis of the incidence of fractures of the upper part of the femur in
      relation to age, sex, side of the body and type of fracture].

PMID- 3412104
TI  - [Burkitt's lymphoma].

PMID- 3412105
TI  - [Clinical use of photon absorptiometry in the follow-up of changes in bone
      mineralization].

PMID- 3412106
TI  - [Initial experience with uretero-renoscopy in the treatment of ureteral and
      kidney calculi].

PMID- 3412107
TI  - Effect of taurine on growth hormone and prolactin secretion in rats: possible
      interaction with opioid peptidergic system.
AB  - The effect of taurine on growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) secretion was
      investigated in the urethane-alpha-chloralose anesthetized rats, considering the
      interaction with endogenous opioid peptidergic system. Intraventricular injection
      of taurine (0.25 and 1.0 mumol) stimulated GH and PRL secretion in a dose
      dependent manner. However, 4.0 mumol taurine failed to show these effect. The
      intravenous infusion of naloxone (4 mg/kg b.w.) completely inhibited both the GH
      and PRL secretion induced by taurine (1.0 mumol). The combined treatment of
      taurine (1.0 mumol) and FK33-824 (Met-enkephalin derivative, 100 micrograms/kg
      b.w., i.v.) significantly increased GH and PRL responses induced by taurine or
      FK33-824 alone. These results indicate that taurine is an effective stimulator of
      GH and PRL secretion in rats, and that the mechanism of this action involves the
      opioid peptidergic system in the hypothalamus.

PMID- 3412108
TI  - Antiarrhythmic action of naloxone: direct, non-opiate effect on the rat heart.
AB  - The opiate antagonist naloxone reduced the incidence and severity of cardiac
      arrhythmia induced in rats by intracarotid administration of adrenaline. Naloxone
      also reversed the adrenaline-induced arrhythmia in isolated heart preparations,
      suggesting a local antiarrhythmic action of the opiate antagonist. Similar
      effects were obtained with the (+) stereoisomer of naloxone which is inactive as
      an opiate antagonist. Thus, the direct action of naloxone at the rat heart is
      probably not mediated by opiate receptors.

PMID- 3412109
TI  - Aminopeptidase activity is asymmetrically distributed in selected zones of rat
      brain.
AB  - Levels of soluble aminopeptidase (AP), measured as arylamidase activity using L
      Leucine-2-Naphthylamide (Leu-2-NA) as substrate, were determined in the soluble
      fraction of eleven zones of rat brain. Results showed that AP activity is
      asymmetrically distributed in frontal cortex and hypothalamus with both left
      sides having significantly higher levels of AP activity, respectively, than the
      right sides. Simultaneously, the activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and
      glutamate-oxalacetate aminotransferase (GOT) were measured in the same cerebral
      regions; no significant difference was recorded in these activities between
      either side of the rat brain in any of the zones studied. Provided that
      aminopeptidases are involved in the degradation of some endogenously released
      neuropeptides, the results suggest a new mode of expression of cerebral
      lateralization.

PMID- 3412110
TI  - Striatal D-2 dopamine agonist binding sites fluctuate during the rat estrous
      cycle.
AB  - Striatal D-2 dopamine (DA) antagonist and agonist binding sites were measured
      during the rat estrous cycle and compared to ovariectomized (OVX) rats.
      Dopaminergic D-2 antagonist binding sites were constant during the estrous cycle
      while agonist binding sites show a rapid and significant decrease of the ratio of
      high to low D-2 agonist binding sites from proestrus AM (PAM) to diestrus 1 (D1)
      and return to OVX value in diestrus 2 (DII). Thus, physiological fluctuations of
      hormones as occur during the estrous cycle can modulate extrahypothalamic
      biogenic amine activity, namely striatal DA systems which are not involved in the
      control of hormone secretion.

PMID- 3412111
TI  - Number and distribution density of ABH and MN antigen sites on young and old
      human erythrocyte surfaces.
AB  - There were no differences in the number of A and M antigen sites between young
      and old human erythrocyte surfaces. No essential differences in the number of A1,
      N and Vicia graminea N antigen sites could be observed between young and old
      erythrocytes. The number of B and H antigen sites on cell surface was
      significantly higher in young erythrocytes than in old ones. The distribution
      density of A and M antigen sites on young erythrocyte was remarkably higher than
      that on old ones. Compared with young erythrocytes, significant increases in the
      distribution density of A1, B, H, N and Vicia graminea N antigen sites were
      observed in aged erythrocytes. It is suggested from these and other observations
      that human erythrocyte aging is accompanied by elimination of a small amount of B
      and H antigens from cell membranes, while A, A1, M, N and Vicia graminea N
      antigens are not released from cell membranes during in vivo aging.

PMID- 3412112
TI  - Intestinal distension test, a method for evaluating intermittent visceral pain in
      the rabbit.
AB  - Behavioural response to intestinal distension was studied in 12 female New
      Zealand albino rabbits under various conditions. On increasing intraluminal
      pressures, the rabbits elicited uniform behavioural responses within discrete
      pressure ranges, notably a sudden pelvic withdrawal at 30-50 mmHg. The pressure
      provoking pelvic withdrawal was chosen as the test parameter and proved to be
      individually reproducible, irrespective of fasting/non-fasting or the time of day
      and with no signs of adaptation in six days consecutive measurements. Morphine
      modified the pressure response in a dose-dependent manner, whereas isotonic
      saline or pentobarbital had no effect. In conclusion, the intestinal distension
      test is reproducible and mimicks intermittent visceral pain in the rabbit. This
      allows for paired observations in small animal populations with a minimum of
      discomfort to the animals, which offers a major advantage when comparing with the
      existing visceral pain tests.

PMID- 3412113
TI  - Differential effects on active avoidance performance and locomotor activity of
      two major enkephalin metabolites, tyr-gly-gly and des-tyr-[leu]enkephalin.
AB  - We examined the effects of two enkephalin metabolites, des-tyr-[leu]enkephalin
      and tyr-gly-gly, on one-way active avoidance conditioning in mice. These
      metabolites are products of the two major enkephalin hydrolyzing enzymes in
      plasma, aminopeptidase and angiotensin converting enzyme. Like [leu]enkephalin
      from which it may be formed, tyr-gly-gly impaired avoidance acquisition, and its
      dose-response function for this effect was U-shaped. Also like [leu]enkephalin,
      tyr-gly-gly did not alter locomotor activity. On the other hand, des-tyr
      [leu]enkephalin, at the doses tested, was without effect on avoidance
      conditioning but produced decreased locomotion. These data suggest that the
      tyrosine end of the enkephalin molecule may be important for its effects on
      conditioning. Because of their low opioid potencies, it is unlikely that the
      behavioral actions of tyr-gly-gly and des-tyr-[leu]enkephalin are mediated
      through opioid receptors.

PMID- 3412114
TI  - Cardiac acetylcholine concentration in the mouse.
AB  - We measured cardiac acetylcholine (ACh) in mice using four different methods. The
      mice in the in vivo irradiation group received microwave irradiation and then the
      hearts were removed. The animals in the in vitro irradiation group were
      decapitated and only the hearts were irradiated. The animals in the non-frozen
      group were decapitated and ACh was measured soon after the removal of the heart.
      The animals in the frozen group were decapitated and the hearts were frozen.
      There were significant differences in ACh concentrations between the in vivo
      irradiation group and the other groups. We also measured the ACh concentrations
      in both atria and ventricles after the mice were irradiated while alive. The
      atrial ACh concentration 1.70 +/- 0.70 nmol/g (mean +/- SD) was significantly
      higher than the ventricle concentration 1.07 +/- 0.30. We concluded the microwave
      irradiation of animals was suitable method of sacrifice for the measurement of
      cardiac ACh.

PMID- 3412115
TI  - Membrane lipid alteration: effect on cellular uptake of mitoxantrone.
AB  - We have studied the effect of membrane structural alteration on the cellular
      association of the anticancer drug mitoxantrone whose uptake is not carrier
      mediated. Membrane fatty acids of L1210 cells were modified by incubating the
      cells with the highly unsaturated docosahexaenoic acid (22:6), which results in
      isolated plasma membranes with 37% of the fatty acids as 22:6, or with the
      monounsaturated oleic acid (18:1), which results in 58% of the fatty acids as
      18:1. The rate of uptake by 22:6-enriched cells during the first min was 62%
      greater than by those enriched with 18:1. The higher rate was recorded at 0.5-16
      microM, pH 6.6-7.6 and temperatures 10-40 C. The difference in cell-associated
      drug apparently was not due simply to a change in mitoxantrone solubility as
      measured by partitioning of the drug in lipophilic-hydrophilic systems containing
      lipids from the fatty-acid altered cells. We conclude that the type of fatty
      acids contained in L1210 cell membranes can affect the cell association of
      mitoxantrone. This effect could be on transmembrane flux or be due to differences
      in binding of the drug to intracellular structures.

PMID- 3412116
TI  - Molecular species of glycerolipids of Ehrlich ascites cells and of their fat
      granules.
AB  - Ehrlich ascites cells were grown in mice and were isolated by centrifugation of
      the ascites fluid. The cells were lysed with distilled water, and the floating
      fat particles were collected by centrifugation. The particles contained about 90%
      neutral and 10% polar lipid. The neutral lipid was made up of about 50%
      triacylglycerol, 30% alkyldiacylglycerol, 3% cholesteryl esters, 3% free
      cholesterol and 4% free diacylglycerols. The phospholipid fraction was comprised
      of about 50% phosphatidylcholine, 35% phosphatidylethanolamine, 10% sphingomyelin
      and small amounts (less than 5% total) of serine and/or inositol phosphatides.
      The triacylglycerol and alkyldiacylglycerol fractions possessed total carbon
      number and fatty acid compositions closely similar to those reported in the
      literature for whole ascites cells and for a cell membrane preparation. Likewise,
      the fatty acid composition of phospholipids from the granules in general was
      similar to that reported for Ehrlich ascites cells. On the basis of the polar and
      neutral lipid ratio, the lipid granules of the ascites cells were calculated to
      possess lipid core diameters of 30-50 nm, which were 40-70 times smaller than
      those (up to 2 mu) measured for the lipid granules of the intact cells by
      electron microscopy. The characterization of the lipid composition of the Ehrlich
      ascites lipid granules was completed by determining the molecular species
      composition of the diacyl, alkylacyl and alkenylacyl phosphatidylethanolamines
      and of the diacyl and alkylacyl phosphatidylcholines of the ascites cells. It is
      concluded that the alkyldiacylglycerols of the Ehrlich ascites cells occur
      largely in the cytoplasmic lipid granules, which appear to consist of many
      particles of the size and structure of very low density lipoproteins enclosed in
      membranous sacs.

PMID- 3412118
TI  - Isolation and characterization of proteolipids from rat liver (LSP) and kidney
      (KSP).

PMID- 3412117
TI  - Effect of dietary vitamin E and selenium on susceptibility of brain regions to
      lipid peroxidation.
AB  - The effect of dietary vitamin E and/or selenium (Se) supplementation (200 IU
      and/or 0.2 ppm, respectively) or deficiency for two months on lipid peroxidation
      in cerebrum, cerebellum, mid-brain, and brain stem of one-month-old male F344
      rats was investigated. Dietary treatment had a minimal effect on weight gain of
      rats for the period tested. Plasma alpha-tocopherol (alpha-T) concentration and
      glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity were reflective of dietary treatments.
      Supplementation of diets with vitamin E and/or Se increased plasma alpha-T and/or
      GSH-Px activity, while diets devoid of these nutrients reduced them
      significantly. Increased GSH-Px activity in Se-supplemented rats was further
      enhanced by vitamin E supplementation. Differential concentrations of alpha-T
      among brain regions were affected by dietary vitamin E but not by Se. In vitro
      lipid peroxidation of brain homogenates was inhibited by dietary vitamin E
      supplementation and increased by deficiency. Addition of 0.25 mM ascorbic acid or
      0.1 mM of Fe2+ to brain homogenates markedly increased in vitro lipid
      peroxidation. Ascorbic acid-induced lipid peroxidation was inversely correlated
      with dietary vitamin E and Se in cerebrum. In vitro Fe2+-addition induced the
      greatest stimulation of lipid peroxidation, with cerebellum and brain stem of
      vitamin E-deficient rats showing the highest response to Fe2+ challenge. These
      findings indicate that concentrations of alpha-T among the brain regions are
      different and can be altered by dietary vitamin E treatments, cerebellum and
      brain stem are more susceptible to in vitro challenge by peroxidative agents than
      other regions, and the degree of lipid peroxidation of brain regions is partially
      affected by dietary vitamin E but not by Se in the levels tested.

PMID- 3412119
TI  - Hydroxyacid derivatives in human epidermis.
AB  - The principal objective of this investigation was to examine the omega
      hydroxyacid derivatives in the cornified layer of human skin. Toward this end,
      sunburn peelings were collected, and the lipids were extracted with
      chloroform/methanol. Comparison with authentic standards by thin layer
      chromatography (TLC) indicated the presence of both N-(omega
      acyloxy)acylsphingosine (acylceramide) and omega-acyloxy fatty acid (acyl acid),
      which accounted for 1.7% and 2.0% of the total lipid, respectively, as estimated
      by photodensitometry of the charred chromatograms. Each of these lipids was
      isolated by preparative TLC, hydrolyzed, and the resulting fragments were further
      analyzed by TLC and by gas liquid chromatography (GLC) of appropriate
      derivatives. In both of these lipids, the predominant omega-hydroxyacid proved to
      be the 30-carbon saturated species (56-59% of the total), while linoleate was the
      major ester-linked fatty acid. Linoleate was more abundant in the acyl acid
      (38.0%) than in acylceramide (21.4%). These findings represent the first
      demonstration of acyl acid in human skin and support the proposition that acyl
      acid, like the other linoleate-rich omega-hydroxyacid derivatives, functions as a
      molecular rivet in maintaining epidermal structure and function.

PMID- 3412120
TI  - Trifluoperazine increases fatty acid turnover in phospholipids in cultured human
      fibroblasts.
AB  - A 24-hr pretreatment of cultured human fibroblasts with trifluoperazine induced a
      marked increase in incorporation of saturated (stearic, palmitic) and unsaturated
      (oleic, arachidonic) fatty acids into phospholipids (1.5- to 2-fold for 5.10(-5)
      M trifluoperazine). Concomitantly, incorporation into cholesteryl esters was
      strongly inhibited (20% of control for 5.10(-5) M trifluoperazine). The drug did
      not change the phospholipid composition of treated cells. The effect of
      trifluoperazine on oleic acid incorporation into phospholipids was time-dependent
      and reached a maximum after a six-hr preincubation with the drug. Trifluoperazine
      also induced an increase in the rate of chase of oleic acid from the different
      phospholipid classes. In vitro preincubation of cell-free extracts with
      trifluoperazine resulted in activation of phospholipid acyltransferases, whereas
      cholesterol acyltransferase activity was decreased. The rapid effect of
      trifluoperazine together with its effect on a cell-free system suggests a direct
      action of this amphiphilic drug on the acyltransferase activities, probably by
      modification of the structural organization of cellular membranes.

PMID- 3412121
TI  - Disposition and metabolism of pristane in rat.
AB  - The fate of pristane (2,6,10,14-tetramethylpentadecane), a widespread isoprenoid
      hydrocarbon, has been studied in rats after a single per os administration of 3H
      labeled pristane. The balance study showed an extensive fecal excretion (66%)
      mainly as unchanged hydrocarbon, whereas about 14% of ingested pristane was
      excreted in urine as pristane metabolites and tritiated water. After one wk, 8.3%
      of the ingested 3H still was stored in the carcass, and radioactive distribution
      in tissues and organs showed a preferential incorporation into adipose tissue and
      liver. Over 75% of the radioactivity stored in the carcass was associated with
      pristane metabolites and tritiated water. Tissue metabolites were characterized
      by thin layer chromatography, gas chromatography and mass spectrometric analyses.
      Four metabolites were identified: pristan-1-ol, pristane-2-ol, pristanic acid and
      4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoic acid. These demonstrate that this isoprenoid
      hydrocarbon undergoes subterminal hydroxylation or terminal oxidation followed by
      the classical beta-oxidation process. Incorporation of metabolites in
      phospholipids and more particularly in the phosphatidylserine fraction has been
      observed and is discussed.

PMID- 3412122
TI  - Oxidation of 1-O-(alk-1-enyl)-2,3-di-O-acylglycerols: models for plasmalogen
      oxidation.
AB  - Alk-1-enyl diacyl glycerides, model compounds for plasmalogen lipids, were
      synthesized for use as substrates in oxidation studies. The neutral plasmalogen
      glycerides prepared included 1-O-(hexadec-1-enyl)-2,3-di-O-stearoylglycerol (4a)
      and 1-O-(hexadec-1-enyl)-2-O-linoleoyl-3-O-stearoylglycerol (4b). Oxidative
      disappearance of these glycerides was followed directly by high performance
      liquid chromatography (HPLC). The extent of oxidation of the side chains of these
      glycerides, i.e. the alkenyl ether and fatty acyl functions, was monitored by
      conversion of the side chains to dimethylacetal and methyl ester by methanolysis,
      followed by subsequent gas chromatography (GC) of the methanolysis products. Both
      analytical approaches show that the alkenyl ether function of neat 4a oxidizes
      more slowly than neat ethyl linoleate. However, the rate of alkenyl ether loss
      from 4a is accelerated in the presence of added ethyl linoleate. Moreover, when
      the linoleoyl group is incorporated into the 2-position of the alkenyl glyceride,
      as in 4b, the rate of loss of the alkenyl group was shown to be similar to the
      rate of loss of the linoleoyl group. These results suggest that oxidation of
      plasmalogen glycerides should not be ignored as a factor that contributes to the
      oxidative instability of animal tissue.

PMID- 3412123
TI  - Lipids of dermatophytes. III. Sterol-induced changes in the lipid composition and
      functional properties of Epidermophyton floccosum.
AB  - Sterol supplementation, alone or in the presence of cerulenin, resulted in an
      increase in the total sterol content of Epidermophyton floccosum. While the total
      phospholipid levels of E. floccosum exhibited only marginal changes with sterol
      supplementation, the fatty acid profiles of these phospholipids were highly
      varied. In the presence or absence of cerulenin, the oleic acid content of
      phospholipids were increased significantly by cholesterol supplementation,
      whereas linoleic acid levels were enhanced by ergosterol supplementation. These
      variations resulted in higher unsaturated/saturated phospholipid fatty acid
      ratios in sterol-supplemented cells. The uptake of labeled amino acids (aspartic
      acid, lysine, glycine) was influenced by sterol supplementation. Alterations in
      the number of binding sites for the membrane probe, 1-anilino-naphthalene-8
      sulfonate (ANS), were seen based on Scatchard plot calculations. The results
      indicate a correlation between sterol-induced changes in membrane lipid
      composition and function.

PMID- 3412124
TI  - Premalignant alterations in the glycosphingolipids of small intestinal mucosa of
      rats treated with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine.
AB  - 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine is a procarcinogen with selectivity for the colon and
      proximal small intestine. In weekly subcutaneous (s.c.) doses of 20 mg/kg body
      weight, this agent produces colonic and proximal small intestinal tumors in a
      high percentage of rodents with a latency period of approximately six months. To
      determine whether alterations in the glycosphingolipid content of rat proximal
      and/or distal small intestinal mucosa existed before the development of
      dimethylhydrazine-induced cancer, rat were given s.c. injections of this agent
      (20 mg/kg body weight per wk) or diluent for five wk. Animals were killed at this
      time, and mucosa was isolated from each small intestinal segment of both groups.
      Glycosphingolipids then were extracted from these tissues and analyzed by high
      performance thin layer chromatography and gas liquid chromatography. The results
      of these studies demonstrated that (1) the content of neutral and acidic
      glycosphingolipids was significantly decreased (approximately 20%) in the
      proximal small intestine of treated rats compared with their control
      counterparts; (2) no significant difference in the glycosphingolipid content was
      seen, however, in the distal small intestinal mucosa of control and treated rats;
      and (3) while significant differences were noted in the majority of fatty acids
      of GM3, glucosyl- and globotriaosylceramide in the proximal small intestine of
      control and treated animals, differences in the fatty acids of these
      glycosphingolipids in the distal segment of these groups were confined to stearic
      (18:0) acid and/or arachidic (20:0) acid.

PMID- 3412125
TI  - Analysis of cardiac membrane phospholipid peroxidation kinetics as
      malondialdehyde: nonspecificity of thiobarbituric acid-reactivity.
AB  - When exposed to xanthine oxidase (superoxide)-dependent, iron-promoted Fenton
      chemistry, purified cardiac membranes evidenced, by the thiobarbituric acid (TBA)
      test, a virtually instantaneous peroxidative response with a maximal linear rate
      of 5.8 nmol malondialdehyde (MDA)-equivalents/mEquivalents lipid ester
      reacted/min. Yet when the lipids purified from these same membranes and
      reconstituted into liposomes were peroxidized under identical reaction
      conditions, the TBA test indicated that a pronounced (approximately 20-min) lag
      period preceded a maximal peroxidation rate of only 2.1 nmol MDA
      equivalents/mEquivalents lipid ester reacted/min. After 120 min of peroxidation,
      the cardiac membranes yielded some 300 nmol TBA-reactive MDA
      equivalents/mEquivalent ester, whereas the isolated membrane lipids evidenced
      approximately 40% less TBA-reactivity. To verify that these quantitative and
      kinetic differences in membrane (phospho)-lipid peroxidation occurred with
      removal of the lipids from their membrane milieu, the MDA produced during both
      cardiac membrane peroxidation and the peroxidation of the lipids derived
      therefrom was isolated as its free anion by ion-pair high-pressure liquid
      chromatography. As quantified spectrophotometrically, true MDA production during
      myocardial membrane peroxidation was identical in kinetics and in amount to the
      production of TBA-reactive substance from the peroxidized isolated membrane
      lipids. These results demonstrate that significant non-MDA, TBA-reactive species
      are generated during the peroxidation of cardiac membranes, especially before the
      maximal rates of bona fide MDA production. As a direct consequence, artifactual
      levels and kinetics of membrane lipid peroxidation do result.

PMID- 3412126
TI  - Lack of protein-mediated alpha-tocopherol transfer between membranes in the
      cytoplasm of ascites hepatomas.
AB  - Transfer-stimulating activity for alpha-tocopherol and the concentration of alpha
      tocopherol and peroxidized lipids in rat ascites hepatoma cells were compared
      with those from normal and regenerating liver. The ability of supernatants from
      ascites hepatomas (AH-13, AH-60C, AH-109A) to enhance the transfer of alpha
      tocopherol was much lower than that from normal livers. The alpha-tocopherol per
      mg protein of supernatant from ascites hepatomas was lower than that from normal
      liver. Regenerating liver showed almost the same values as normal liver in
      activity to stimulate the transfer of alpha-tocopherol and alpha-tocopherol
      content of the supernatant. By gel filtration, about 60% of alpha-tocopherol in
      the supernatant of normal liver was detected in the fractions containing the 30 K
      protein, which stimulates transfer of alpha-tocopherol between membranes, whereas
      no significant amount of alpha-tocopherol was detected in 30 K protein fractions
      of AH-60C supernatant. Little stimulating activity for alpha-tocopherol transfer
      was detected in AH-60C, AH-109A and AH-13. All ascites hepatomas tested contained
      less arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid than normal and regenerating
      liver. An absorption peak with maximum intensity at 233 nm, which is due to
      conjugated dienes, was observed in UV-absorption spectra of ascites hepatoma
      total lipids, indicating that peroxidized lipids accumulate in these cells. With
      normal and regenerating liver, no significant peak due to conjugated dienes was
      detected.

PMID- 3412127
TI  - Effect of 7-methylated bile acids and bile alcohols on cholesterol metabolism in
      hamsters.
AB  - The effect of 7-methyl substituted bile acid and bile alcohol analogues on
      cholesterol metabolism was studied in the hamster. Animals were fed chow plus
      0.1% cholesterol supplemented with 0.1% of one of the following steroids:
      chenodeoxycholic acid, 7-methyl-chenodeoxycholic acid, 7 beta-methyl-24-nor-5
      beta-cholestane-3 alpha, 7 alpha, 25-triol, cholic acid, 7-methyl-cholic acid, or
      7 beta-methyl-24-nor-5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 alpha,25-tetrol.
      Cholesterol absorption was determined from fecal analysis after feeding of
      radiolabeled cholesterol and beta-sitosterol. Of the six compounds studied,
      chenodeoxycholic acid and 7-methyl-chenodeoxycholic acid decreased intestinal
      cholesterol absorption (17% and 31% decrease, respectively). Only 7-methyl
      chenodeoxycholic acid decreased serum cholesterol concentration (29% decrease),
      but there were no analogous changes of liver and biliary cholesterol
      concentration and cholesterol saturation of bile. Total fecal neutral sterol
      excretion was increased in the groups fed chenodeoxycholic acid and 7-methyl
      chenodeoxycholic acid. In addition, the production of coprostanol was increased
      in both groups. These data suggest that 7-methyl-chenodeoxycholic acid resembles
      chenodeoxycholic acid in its effect on cholesterol metabolism and may be a
      potential candidate for further studies of its gallstone-dissolving properties.

PMID- 3412129
TI  - Composition of mixed octadecadienoates via ozonolysis, chromatography and
      computer solution of linear equations.
AB  - An approach to the analysis of 55 possible nonconjugated positional isomers of
      octadecadienoic acid is described and tested with mixtures of individual
      synthetic methyl esters. In the first example, by ozonolysis a seven-component
      mixture consisting of cis,cis 5,12-, 6,10-, 6,11-, 6,12-, 7,12-, 8,12-, and 9,12
      octadecadienoates was converted to aldehydes, aldehyde-esters and dialdehydes.
      These fragments were separated on a 50 m X 0.2 mm free fatty acid phase (FFAP)
      vitreous silica capillary column. Equations for an arbitrarily restricted 12 X 15
      matrix of linear simultaneous equations and a computer solution of the matrix
      provided the composition of the initial methyl octadecadienoate mixture. The
      power and significance of this method became apparent with the observation that
      only two of the seven isomers in the known mixture were resolved as single peaks
      by state-of-the-art capillary gas chromatography, but all seven were identified
      and estimated with acceptable error by the ozonolysis-capillary gas
      chromatography-computer procedure. In a generalized approach to the analysis of
      the 55 possible nonconjugated isomers, a computer program selects the appropriate
      matrix of linear simultaneous equations based on the aldehyde data supplied by
      the analyst. Twenty of 21 combinations of seven isomeric esters taken five at a
      time have been analyzed to assess the efficiency of the method. To illustrate
      applicability at this stage of development, the method has been used to analyze
      the diene products of the hydrazine reduction of gamma-linolenic acid and the
      diene products from the biological desaturation of isomeric monoenes.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3412130
TI  - Determination of individual long-chain fatty acyl-CoA esters in heart and
      skeletal muscle.
AB  - A method has been developed for determination of individual long-chain fatty acyl
      CoA esters from heart and skeletal muscle using high performance liquid
      chromatography (HPLC). The esters were extracted from freeze-clamped tissue of
      pig and rat hearts and rat skeletal muscle for analysis on a radially compressed
      C18 5mu reverse-phase column. Nine peaks in the extract with carbon chain lengths
      from C12 to C20 that subsequently disappeared on alkaline hydrolysis were
      identified. The major acyl-CoA peaks were 14:1, 18:2, 16:0 and 18:1 and
      additionally in rat heart 18:0. Total long-chain acyl-CoA esters obtained by
      summation of the individual molecular species was 11.34 +/- 1.48 nmol/g wet wt.
      pig heart; 14.51 +/- 2.11 nmol/g wet wt. in rat heart, and 4.35 +/- 0.71 nmol/g
      wet wt. in rat skeletal muscle. These values were approximately 132% of those
      obtained using a separate procedure that measured total CoA by HPLC after
      alkaline hydrolysis of the esters. The described method demonstrates the
      quantitation of individual acyl-CoA species in muscle tissue. Therefore, it has a
      number of advantages in that it permits information to be obtained on the
      individual molecular species under various nutritional and metabolic conditions.

PMID- 3412128
TI  - Compensatory mechanisms in erythrocyte lipids in patients with atherosclerosis.
AB  - The quantitative composition of phospholipids and fatty acids of erythrocytes was
      investigated in patients with atherosclerosis. It was stated that the erythrocyte
      lipids of atherosclerotic patients contained smaller quantities of
      phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylinositol, a significantly larger quantity of
      sphingomyelin, and higher sphingomyelin/phosphatidylcholine and
      cholesterol/phospholipid ratios. The existence of compensatory changes was
      stated, which was evident in the reduction of palmitic and stearic acids and the
      increase of linoleic and eicosatrienoic acids in erythrocyte phospholipids. These
      changes in fatty acid composition probably cause minimal changes in the membrane
      fluidity induced by an increased cholesterol/phospholipid and
      sphingomyelin/phosphatidylcholine ratios. This paper was the first evidence of
      occurrence of those changes in erythrocytes during spontaneous atherosclerosis in
      human.

PMID- 3412131
TI  - Influence of diet on (n-3) and (n-6) fatty acids in monkey erythrocytes.
AB  - Cynomolgus monkeys were fed oils high in linoleic acid or with half of the
      linoleic acid replaced by either (n-3) linolenic acid or marine fatty acids. When
      the diet contained similar quantities of linoleic and (n-3) linolenic acid,
      erythrocyte fatty acids maintained a ratio of (n-6) to (n-3) fatty acids of
      approximately 2:4. Fatty acids from menhaden oil enhanced the incorporation of
      eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids into the monkey erythrocytes, the
      composition of which was not altered by additional alpha-tocopherol.

PMID- 3412132
TI  - Mammary lipoprotein lipase in plasma of cows after parturition or prolactin
      infusion.
AB  - Plasma lipase activity from the mammary vein and a tail blood vessel was measured
      in periparturient Holstein cows treated in one of three ways: control, CB154 (2
      Br-alpha-ergocryptin) or CB154 plus prolactin. CB154 administration decreased
      basal serum prolactin concentration by 80% and blocked the normal parturient
      increase of serum prolactin. In CB154 plus prolactin-treated cows, prolactin was
      infused continuously for six days starting five and eight days prepartum. Plasma
      lipase activity was not detectable up to 26 hr prepartum in control and CB154
      treated cows or before the start of prolactin infusion in CB154 plus prolactin
      treated cows. After two hr prepartum, plasma lipase activity was detected in all
      treatments. In CB154 plus prolactin-treated cows, plasma lipase activity was
      detected in the presence of high concentrations of serum progesterone four days
      after the start of prolactin infusion and at least two days before parturition.
      Plasma lipase activity was four times greater in the mammary vein than in the
      tail vessel at sampling times at which activity was detected in both vessels. We
      propose the difference between plasma lipase activity from the mammary vein and
      tail vessel is due to release of lipoprotein lipase from the mammary gland into
      blood, and this activity can be induced prepartum by prolactin or at parturition
      even if the parturient increase in prolactin is suppressed.

PMID- 3412134
TI  - [Treatment of late radiation injuries of the lung appearing after radiotherapy of
      breast cancer].

PMID- 3412133
TI  - Stimulation of liver growth and DNA synthesis by glucosylceramide.
AB  - The nature of the growth-stimulating effect of glucosylceramide was studied. Mice
      were injected intraperitoneally with emulsified glucosylceramide and conduritol B
      epoxide, an inhibitor of cerebroside glucosidase. Within one or two days, the
      liver grew 18-24%, as reported. Two enzymes involved in DNA synthesis also
      increased more than the weight. The total liver activity of thymidine kinase
      increased 46-73%, and the total activity of ornithine decarboxylase increased as
      much as 101%. It is suggested that elevated liver levels of glucocerebroside
      stimulate cell proliferation through a relatively direct mechanism.

PMID- 3412135
TI  - [Effectiveness of combined radiotherapy of patients with stage IB cervical cancer
      using gamma therapy with an AGAT-B catheter device].
AB  - The results of combined radiation therapy of 134 patients with cervical cancer,
      stage IB, using intracavitary gamma-beam therapy on the Agat-B unit were
      analyzed. The frequency of late radiation complications after treatment in the
      period of 1-5 yrs. was analyzed. The most common complications were
      necroepithelitis (9.7 +/- 2.6%), cystitis was less common (7.5 +/- 1.8%) as well
      as proctitis (1.5 +/- 1.0%). Therapeutic efficacy was assessed by primary tumor
      resorption, the presence of recurrences and metastases, and patients' survival.
      The cure rate of a primary focus was attained in 100%. Four patients died of the
      main disease. By the time of recurrence either osseous, organ or lymphogenic
      metastases were noted in them. Locoregional recurrences were undetectable in
      either of the patients. Radiation-induced tumors were not detected in them,
      either. The 5-year survival rate was 96.8%. A conclusion was made that the above
      method was very effective for therapy of patients with cervical cancer, stage IB
      and as such, should be a method of choice for them.

PMID- 3412136
TI  - [Scintigraphy in the evaluation of postoperative disorders of pulmonary
      circulation in cancer of the breast and genitalia].
AB  - Altogether 60 patients with genital tumors and breast cancer were examined on the
      3rd-7th day after operation using ON-110 gamma-camera (USA). Perfusion pulmonary
      scintigraphy with labeled MMA was performed in all the patients. In 66% of the
      examinees pulmonary blood flow disorders localized mainly in the lower part of
      the lungs, were noted, and in breast cancer patients--on the tumor lesion side,
      too. Perfusion pulmonary scintigraphy was shown to be an informative method of
      diagnosis of postoperative changes of the capillary pulmonary circulation which
      were clinically undetectable.

PMID- 3412137
TI  - [Scintigraphic picture in Gaucher's disease].
AB  - The paper is devoted to analysis of the results of combined radionuclide
      investigation of the liver, spleen, kidneys, lymph nodes and bones in a patient
      with Gaucher's disease. Scintigraphy was shown to be an important method for
      making correct diagnosis in patients with this rare disease.

PMID- 3412138
TI  - [Pharmacokinetics of In-113m-indifit].

PMID- 3412139
TI  - [NMR-relaxation of blood serum in cancer patients].
AB  - A study was made of the levels of T1 and T2 of NMR-relaxation of the blood serum
      of 197 healthy person, 180 patients without a history of malignant tumors and in
      345 cancer patients with tumors of different sites. The above parameters did not
      depend on the patients' sex and age. T1 and T2 values in the cancer patients were
      much higher than in the patients without tumors and still much higher than in the
      healthy subjects, and depended on tumor spreading and site. The above values
      could be probably used for the control of therapeutic efficacy in cancer
      patients.

PMID- 3412140
TI  - [Calculation of dose fields of braking irradiation in heterogenic media by a
      method of the transformation of axial distribution].
AB  - Analysis of dose fields in a heterogeneous tissue equivalent medium has shown
      that dose distributions have radial symmetry and can be described by a curve of
      axial distribution with renormalization of maximum ionization depth. A method of
      the calculation of a dose field in a heterogeneous medium using the principle of
      radial symmetry is presented.

PMID- 3412141
TI  - [Radiation protective effect of exogenous hypoxia in fractionation irradiation].

PMID- 3412142
TI  - [Local microwave hyperthermia in the combined treatment of malignant tumors of
      the eyelids and orbit].
AB  - The paper is concerned with the results of experimental investigation of the
      effect of different microwave radiation ranges on some segments of the rabbit's
      eye and its clinical application to the treatment of malignant tumors of the lid
      and orbit. It has been shown that the effect of definite microwave radiation
      ranges on the rabbit's eye, while ensuring necessary conditions for local
      hyperthermia (43-45 degrees C), does not cause clinically visible changes in the
      refractive media and fundus of the eye during 3 months after irradiation. The
      results of effective combined therapy of advanced malignant tumors of the lid and
      orbit in 5 patients are presented. Our experience in using definite ranges of
      local microwave radiation for therapy of malignant eye tumors has shown the
      feasibility, prospects and relative safety of the method in cancer ophthalmology.

PMID- 3412143
TI  - [Dispensary observation of the pregnant woman and her infant in the first year of
      life].

PMID- 3412144
TI  - [The work of nurses in an office for detecting and recording hypertension].

PMID- 3412145
TI  - [Therapeutic use of laser radiation].

PMID- 3412147
TI  - [Care of children with myocarditis].

PMID- 3412146
TI  - [Asthma of physical exertion].

PMID- 3412148
TI  - [The fundamental question of medicine (life style, social health and the science
      of promoting health)].

PMID- 3412149
TI  - [Hay fever-induced conjunctivitis].

PMID- 3412150
TI  - [Treatment of candidal vaginitis and vulvovaginitis].

PMID- 3412151
TI  - [Dispensary care of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus].

PMID- 3412152
TI  - [The role of the nurse in diagnosing neonatal diseases].

PMID- 3412153
TI  - [Modern drugs used in the treatment of peptic ulcer].

PMID- 3412154
TI  - [Deontology in urology].

PMID- 3412155
TI  - [The duration of a quarantine and the discharge times following scarlatina].

PMID- 3412157
TI  - [Psoriasis].

PMID- 3412156
TI  - [Prevention of acute respiratory diseases in preschool institutions].

PMID- 3412158
TI  - [The work of the nurse in school. II].

PMID- 3412159
TI  - [Evaluation of the work of nurses by reckoning with the results of socialist
      competition].

PMID- 3412161
TI  - [Clinical picture, treatment and care of patients with traumatic subarachnoid
      hemorrhage].

PMID- 3412160
TI  - [Work of the nurse in a department of intestinal infections].

PMID- 3412162
TI  - [Care of traumatology and orthopedic patients in the hospital].

PMID- 3412163
TI  - [Dispensary care of glaucoma patients].

PMID- 3412164
TI  - [Use of ultraviolet radiation in the practice of preschool institutions].

PMID- 3412165
TI  - [Denture stomatitis, its treatment and prevention].

PMID- 3412166
TI  - [International Day of the Protection of Children].

PMID- 3412167
TI  - [Early detection of breast cancer].

PMID- 3412168
TI  - [Phytotherapy of chronic noncalculous cholecystitis].

PMID- 3412169
TI  - [Medicinal plants in practical medicine].

PMID- 3412170
TI  - [The word as a prophylactic and therapeutic factor].

PMID- 3412171
TI  - [Early closure of the cerebral fontanelle].

PMID- 3412172
TI  - [Aerosol therapy].

PMID- 3412173
TI  - [The compatibility of physiotherapeutic procedures].

PMID- 3412174
TI  - [Helminthiasis].

PMID- 3412175
TI  - Polyarticular versus monoarticular gout: a prospective, comparative analysis of
      clinical features.
AB  - This investigation was undertaken to define prospectively the clinical
      characteristics of patients with crystal-documented gouty arthritis
      simultaneously involving multiple joints. Of 106 consecutive patients with gouty
      arthritis (GA), 42 (40%) had articular inflammation at 2 or more sites.
      Comparison of these 42 patients with GA with the 64 patients with GA who
      presented with monoarthritis yielded the following conclusions: 1) Polyarticular
      gout represents one end of a generally predictable spectrum of GA, reflecting
      chronicity associated with poor patients understanding, poor patient compliance,
      and suboptimal physician management. 2) Polyarticular patients with GA tend to
      develop attacks of more smoldering onset and increasing duration, while joint
      involvement tends to occur in an ascending but asymmetrical fashion, with upper
      extremity joints later added to repeatedly active lower extremity sites. 3) There
      may be a significant discrepancy between the site (or sites) of the GA patient's
      chief complaint and clinically involved joints on careful physical examination.
      4) Recognition of polyarticular joint involvement increases the number of sites
      for potential joint and/or tophus aspiration, permitting greater ease of
      establishing a definitive diagnosis. 5) No single laboratory or synovial fluid
      value meaningfully distinguishes patients with polyarticular from those with
      monoarticular gout.

PMID- 3412176
TI  - Kinetics and patterns of necrosis.

PMID- 3412177
TI  - Initiation and termination of cyclic nucleotide action.

PMID- 3412178
TI  - cAMP-dependent protein kinase regulatory subunit phosphorylation in intact cells.

PMID- 3412179
TI  - Cloning of cDNA for the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase.

PMID- 3412180
TI  - AMA will start pilot programs to train RCTs.

PMID- 3412181
TI  - Urinary incontinence in nursing homes--inevitable or reversible?

PMID- 3412182
TI  - Consider this positive approach to the RCT proposal.

PMID- 3412183
TI  - Current views on the 'cause' of cot death.

PMID- 3412184
TI  - Should pre-pregnancy advice be the norm.

PMID- 3412185
TI  - Patient education following myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3412186
TI  - Sleep in child rearing--a cross cultural perspective.

PMID- 3412187
TI  - 'Lay carers' views on the District Nursing Service.

PMID- 3412188
TI  - Toxocara--a hidden hazard.

PMID- 3412189
TI  - The Royal College of Midwives: towards a healthy nation.

PMID- 3412190
TI  - Adolescent pregnancy.

PMID- 3412192
TI  - Teenage club at the Royal Berkshire. Adolescent pregnancy.

PMID- 3412191
TI  - An approach to preventing adolescent pregnancy.

PMID- 3412193
TI  - The midwife's account. Teenage pregnancy.

PMID- 3412195
TI  - Survey of teenage attitudes to pregnancy within the Northern District of Glasgow.

PMID- 3412194
TI  - The physiotherapist's account. Adolescent pregnancy.

PMID- 3412196
TI  - The National Babycare Symbol.

PMID- 3412197
TI  - [Taxonomic study of Pseudomonas fragi].

PMID- 3412198
TI  - [Changes in the composition and unsaturated state of the neutral lipid fraction
      during the development of the fungus Aspergillus oryzae].

PMID- 3412199
TI  - [Effect of excess ethanol on the growth of yeasts of the genus Candida during
      continuous cultivation].
AB  - The effect of flow rates and a specific ethanol load on the growth of Candida
      utilis and Candida krusei was studied in the process of one-step and three-step
      cultivation. The productive capacity of fermenters and the economic coefficient
      of yeast biomass production were shown to depend on the ability of microbial
      populations to assimilate a certain quantity of a carbon substrate per unit time.
      When a specific ethanol load exceeds the optimal one, the respiratory activity of
      a population and the economic coefficient of growth fall down whereas the
      accumulation of metabolites in the cultural broth increases. The steady state of
      biomass can be maintained in the process of continuous cultivation by inhibiting
      the yeast growth with an excess of ethanol.

PMID- 3412200
TI  - Non-immunologic enhancement and regression of self-healing squamous cell
      carcinoma (keratoacanthoma)--ground substance and inflammation.
AB  - Keratoacanthomas have many characteristics of squamous cell carcinoma and in the
      past were interpreted as squamous cell carcinomas. It is now known that these
      lesions spontaneously resolve if left untreated. In man the lesions occur on
      sunlight damaged areas or areas exposed to tar. Many of the experimental cancers
      of animals produced by topical carcinogens are keratoacanthomas. Ultraviolet
      light and tar are known to damage fibroblast and ground substance viscosity. It
      has recently been proposed that anything that decreases ground substance
      viscosity would encourage the spread of tumors, by weakening tissue resistance.
      The rapidly growing keratoacanthoma produces invasive pressure and moves into
      deeper, less damaged dermis. An inflammatory reaction occurs in the depth of the
      lesion and a very characteristic granulocytic response occurs. Granulocytes
      release connective tissue active peptides which stimulate fibroblast and ground
      substance formation. The fibroblast proliferation is followed by fibrosis and the
      shrinking and disappearance of the tumor. The characteristic pustule that spurts
      granulocytes into the depth of the tumor has been experimentally blocked by
      hyaluronidase and other substances that damage ground substance viscosity. Edema
      is essential to produce this inflammatory reaction. However, this inflammatory
      phenomenon occurs vigorously in keratoacanthoma. It is proposed that a
      keratoacanthoma is a tumor that does not produce hyaluronidase or other
      substances that decrease ground substance viscosity. It is a deviant cell that
      can only move through areas of decreased ground substance viscosity. When it
      reaches tissues of normal viscosity edema and an inflammatory reaction
      occurs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3412201
TI  - A proposed mechanism for the visions of dream sleep.
AB  - The visions of dream sleep are suggested to occur through a dream mechanism which
      implicates tryptamine derivatives as endogenous paychedelics. The hallucinations
      that occur in some schizophrenic syndromes are also proposed to occur through a
      similar, though desynchronized, mechanism. These compounds occur in the human
      pineal gland and are regarded as neurotransmitters or neuroregulators. A protocol
      for experimental verification is suggested.

PMID- 3412202
TI  - Hypertension: heavy metals, useful cations and melanin as a possible repository.
AB  - Popular belief has often attributed the disproportionate occurrence of
      hypertension in blacks to the increased social stresses faced by the minority
      population. Evidence now points to a more biologically relevant explanation of
      black hypertension, an increase in levels of heavy metals. Preferentially bound
      to melanin, cadmium, lead, and copper have implications not only in the etiology
      of black hypertension, but in the etiology of all hypertension. Of course,
      hypertension is heterogeneous by nature and cannot be attributed solely to any
      single cause. However, the indictment of the heavy metals, as well as a
      deficiency of other cations such as calcium, magnesium, and potassium, warrants a
      more nutritional approach and less reliance on current pharmacological therapy in
      selected cases. Melanin should be investigated as a storage bank for useful
      cations. If real, such a cation reservoir would explain the heat tolerance
      capacity of blacks and other dark-skinned tropical races.

PMID- 3412203
TI  - Rifampicin, halothane and glucose as mediators of lysosomal enzyme release and
      tissue damage.
AB  - It is suggested that the important drugs rifampicin and halothane and the raised
      glucose levels in diabetes mellitus exert injurous effects on cells through a
      lysosomal mechanism. Further evidence is given of by time rifampicin induction of
      beta-glucuronidase and beta-N acetylglucosaminidase and its possible relation to
      hepatitis and pancreatitis. On the basis of preliminary data halothane may cause
      hepatitis connected to lysosomal enzyme release in the presence of other
      aggravating factors common to the perioperative period. The onset of diabetic
      vascular complications may be related to the similar raised levels of lysosomal
      enzymes found in insulin, drug and diet controlled disease. Release of these
      enzymes into plasma may be a marker of important changes in the lysosome, whether
      due to enzyme induction or damage, and could be a primary mechanism of many
      disease processes including some thought to be mainly autoimmune in character.
      Routine estimation in the clinical laboratory along with existing cytoplasmic and
      microsomally derived enzymes in the chemical screen would be a useful way of
      surveying lysosomal changes in the wide spectrum of disease in a general
      hospital.

PMID- 3412204
TI  - A new approach to immunosuppression at the complement level-hypothesis.
AB  - A conceptual hypothesis for the possibility of treatment of certain immunological
      diseases in which the classical pathway (CP) of complement (c) plays a role in
      the pathogenesis is presented. It is proposed that in the clinical situations in
      which CP activation primarily contributes to the disease activity, administration
      of F(ab)2 fragment of human monoclonal antibodies directed against the active
      site of human Cls may suppress the disease. The F(ab)2 fragment should be
      specific for the active site of Cls and should not be reactive with the rest of
      the molecule. Such a treatment is not likely to effect Cls or total CP levels, as
      the F(ab)2 fragment will react only when and as soon as the active site has been
      generated on a Cls molecule. The interaction of a F(ab)2 fragment with Cls is
      also not likely to cause activation of the C. Specific inhibition of Cls in this
      way is expected to prevent, in CP mediated diseases, the increase in vascular
      permeability due to Cls and generation of C fragments responsible for
      anaphylactic, chemotactic and exocytosis activities and thus suppression of
      tissue destruction and disease activity. The validity of this hypothesis could be
      tested in experimental models of C mediated diseases in rats using F(ab)2
      fragments of rat monoclonal antibodies directed against rat Cls. These studies
      could also be carried out in mouse system. F(ab)2 fragments of monoclonal
      antibodies against the active site of Clr may also be used instead of those
      against Cls.

PMID- 3412205
TI  - Alzheimer dementia and the aluminum hypothesis.
AB  - The possible involvement of environmental aluminum in the etiology of Alzheimer
      disease and of senile dementia of the Alzheimer type is supported by both direct
      and indirect relationships between some encephalopathies and the abnormal
      presence of aluminum(III) in human and animal brain tissues. Proposals for
      further biochemical, toxicological and analytical work are illustrated.

PMID- 3412206
TI  - Probable correlation between chlamydial infection and acquired immunodeficiency
      syndrome.
AB  - The problem of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome is not yet solved. Based on
      information published so far a correlation is supposed between Chlamydia
      trachomatis infection and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. The author supports
      his hypothesis by citing epidemiological, pathophysiological and pathological
      similarities.

PMID- 3412207
TI  - Multiple sclerosis autoantibodies and antibodies in AIDS may deplete a brain
      peptide hormone.
AB  - Computerized Chou-Fasman analysis of the secondary structure of human T-cell
      leukemia viruses (HTLV-I, HTLV-II) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
      envelope proteins revealed that only one antigenic epitope (amino acids EAL) is
      shared by the three viruses. A similar antigenic epitope is also found in human
      and rat brain hormone vasopressin-neurophysin. If autoantibodies in multiple
      sclerosis (MS) are made to the epitope EAL, they may cross-react with the
      envelope proteins of HTVL. It is speculated that in AIDS patients, antibodies to
      the antigenic epitope EAL of HIV may cross-react with brain vasopressin
      neurophysin, leading to a decline in this brain peptide hormone. Thus it is
      hypothesized that treatment of both MS and AIDS patients with a synthetic polymer
      containing the amino acids EAL might eliminate the antibodies to vasopressin
      neurophysin and thus alleviate some of the clinical symptoms.

PMID- 3412208
TI  - Cesium chloride: preventive medicine for radioactive cesium exposure?
AB  - Cesium is produced in high yield fission of uranium and plutonium. Radioactive
      cesium needles are a radiation hazard for radiotherapists. In this age of nuclear
      reactors, i.e. Chernobyl, radioactive cesium exposure may be a growing problem.
      Furthermore, there are numerous therapeutic potentials for cesium therapy, i.e.
      cancer, depression and schizophrenia. We explored the clearance of cesium in man
      and found that an oral dose of 50 mg maintains elevated blood cesium levels for
      80 days. Cesium is accumulated mainly in the red blood cell fraction. Larger
      doses (6-9 grams) produce no observed harmful effects and maintain elevated blood
      levels of cesium for more than a year. Our data suggests there is a threshold of
      maximum cesium saturation in blood; if maintained, any additional cesium
      exposure, i.e. radioactive cesium, would be excreted at a more rapid rate. It is
      probable that large cesium doses can protect against radiation toxicity by
      blocking sites on red blood cells and thereby result in increased excretion and
      clearance of the radioactive forms of cesium. This hypothesis should be easily
      testable in laboratory animals.

PMID- 3412209
TI  - Excretion of lead by chronic blood loss.

PMID- 3412210
TI  - Tannins, salivary proline-rich proteins and oesophageal cancer.
AB  - No single dietary factor or ingested substance has been implicated in the
      aetiology of oesophageal carcinoma especially in high-risk areas of the world.
      Although not well defined, there is heavy consumption of tannin-rich foods,
      particularly sorghum, by populations at high risk for carcinoma. The carcinogenic
      properties of tannins and extracts of tannin-rich plants have been demonstrated
      experimentally. It is proposed herein that salivary proline-rich proteins (PRPs)
      by binding ingested tannins protect the oesophagus from the carcinogenic effects
      of the latter. It is also possible that genetic variants of PRPs may influence
      the incidence of oesophageal cancer in different populations.

PMID- 3412211
TI  - Ethics and drug trials.

PMID- 3412212
TI  - A review of the obstetric and medical complications leading to the delivery of
      infants of very low birthweight.
AB  - The delivery of very-low-birthweight infants is one of the major problems in
      human reproduction today. This study describes the principal obstetric and
      medical complications which led to the birth of 417 infants of 500-g to 1499-g
      birthweight, at the tertiary-level perinatal centre in Western Australia during
      the two years 1980 and 1985. An altered pattern of obstetric management of these
      cases was observed in 1985 compared to the management in 1980. In 1985, fewer
      deliveries were a result of spontaneous labour; tocolytic agents had been used in
      a smaller proportion of pregnancies; more infants were delivered by caesarean
      section without a preceding labour; and the still-birth rate was lower.
      Uncomplicated preterm labour was not the major cause of birth of very-low
      birthweight infants. The most common factors that precipitated the delivery of
      very-low-birthweight infants were preterm premature rupture of the membranes (30%
      of cases), severe hypertension (19% of cases), antepartum haemorrhage (17% of
      cases) and preterm labour (17% of cases). Very low birthweight has a
      multifactorial aetiology, and its prevention will require a multidisciplinary
      approach.

PMID- 3412213
TI  - The survival of extremely-low-birthweight infants in Victoria: 1982-1985.
AB  - A population-based survey of mortality in extremely-low-birthweight (500- to 999
      g) infants was carried out in Victoria for the years 1982 to 1985. No increase in
      the number of extremely-preterm births occurred during that time. The still-birth
      rate fell from 498 still births per 1000 births in 1982-1983 to 403 still births
      per 1000 births in 1984-1985. The neonatal mortality in 1982-1985 was 638 deaths
      per 1000 live births, with no significant decline from that of the 1978-1981
      cohort. The small increase in neonatal survivors was not associated with any
      change in the postneonatal death rate. Delivery in a level-3 unit was associated
      with a significantly better outcome. Multiple births made a major contribution to
      the extremely-low-birthweight group of infants.

PMID- 3412214
TI  - Psychiatric morbidity in patients with life-threatening asthma: initial report of
      a controlled study.
AB  - Thirteen patients who have suffered a "near-miss" death of asthma have been
      compared to 36 patients with asthma who had not experienced such an episode.
      Contrary to expectations, there were no differences between the groups in their
      levels of psychiatric morbidity, their degree of life-style and social
      restrictions or in their levels of compliance with prescribed medication.
      However, both groups did show higher than expected levels of psychiatric
      morbidity, severe life-style and social restrictions and an unexpectedly-high
      compliance with prescribed medication. The main psychiatric diagnoses that were
      noted were anxiety disorders. It is concluded that more comprehensive asthma
      education and close medical follow-up are likely to improve the physical and
      psychological health of asthmatic patients. The high-risk patients in this study
      who received such follow-up have shown hospital-admission rates that have been
      reduced by a half while maintaining good asthma control. This South Australian
      longitudinal study is continuing.

PMID- 3412215
TI  - The role of family difficulties in adolescent depression, drug-taking and other
      problem behaviours.
AB  - A comprehensive self-report questionnaire that covered many aspects of
      adolescents' lives was administered to 1270 students in Years 7, 10 and 11 who
      attended seven State high schools in Sydney. The prevalences of unhealthy and
      acting-out behaviours increased significantly between the ages of 12 and 15 years
      (Years 7 and 10) and then levelled out. By the age of 15 years, 15% of
      adolescents were drinking alcohol at least three times a week; 30% of adolescents
      smoked cigarettes; 15% of adolescents had used marijuana in the past week; and
      18% of adolescents had had previous sexual experience. Nine per cent of all
      adolescents often felt "so down or low that life has lost its meaning". The
      quality of the family relationship was found to be associated closely with the
      presence or absence of adolescent depression and unhealthy or acting-out
      behaviours. Where the family relationship was not close or loving, the prevalence
      of depression was three times as high and the prevalences of alcohol, cigarette
      and marijuana use and early sexual activity were about twice as high as among
      adolescents who perceived that their families were close and loving. The majority
      of adolescents with poor family relationships felt that their parents could do
      more to help them. Help in the form of more understanding, support, trust, time,
      interest and freedom was wanted much more frequently than was help in the form of
      material items such as pocket-money. Parental divorce or separation and having a
      mother who was working full-time were also associated with a perceived lack of
      family closeness and love. The implications of these findings for the prevention
      of the establishment of health-threatening behavioural patterns and suicide among
      adolescents are discussed.

PMID- 3412216
TI  - For debate: the means/ends problem in health promotion.

PMID- 3412218
TI  - An investigator's view of hospital ethics committees.

PMID- 3412217
TI  - Drug trials and the role of ethics committees: a regulator's point of view.

PMID- 3412219
TI  - The hospital ethics committee and informed consent.

PMID- 3412221
TI  - Voluntary euthanasia.

PMID- 3412220
TI  - Late-onset neonatal sepsis due to multiply-resistant coagulase-negative
      staphylococci.
AB  - A cluster of septic episodes that were caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci
      occurred in eight patients, over a six-month period from August 1, 1984 to
      January 31, 1985, in a Brisbane neonatal intensive-care unit where sepsis which
      was due to these organisms previously was uncommon. The organisms were
      universally-resistant to tobramycin (the aminoglycoside agent that was used at
      that time) and were variably-resistant to gentamicin, flucloxacillin and
      cephalothin. All organisms were sensitive to netilmicin, vancomycin, fusidic acid
      and rifampicin. The affected infants were all of 32 weeks' or less gestation and
      most of them weighed less than 1500 g at birth. All neonates had been ventilated
      artificially and had had long intravascular lines. Two infants had
      ventriculoperitoneal shunts that had been infected with coagulase-negative
      staphylococci--a potentially-important problem that has not been noted in
      premature infants in previous reports. Our experience demonstrates that it is
      important to consider the patterns of resistance to aminoglycoside as well as to
      beta-lactam antibiotic agents for the empirical therapy of septic episodes and
      for neurosurgical prophylaxis in nurseries where coagulase-negative staphylococci
      are emerging as common nosocomial pathogens.

PMID- 3412222
TI  - The lipid hypothesis.

PMID- 3412223
TI  - Autologous fat injection and breast augmentation.

PMID- 3412224
TI  - Tuberculosis and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

PMID- 3412226
TI  - Objective basis for ethical issues.

PMID- 3412225
TI  - Accidental poisoning with agricultural chemicals.

PMID- 3412227
TI  - Stress and cardiovascular disease.

PMID- 3412229
TI  - [Sports and health].

PMID- 3412228
TI  - [Acetylsalicylic acid in the prevention of infarct].

PMID- 3412230
TI  - [Diabetes therapy--sense and nonsense].

PMID- 3412231
TI  - The Wilsher case.

PMID- 3412232
TI  - The Bradford stadium fire.

PMID- 3412234
TI  - The circular: apportioning liability for negligence.

PMID- 3412233
TI  - The forensic science service--past, present and future.

PMID- 3412235
TI  - High altitude sickness.

PMID- 3412236
TI  - [An analysis of opisthorchiasis and diphyllobothriasis morbidity of the local and
      native populations in endemic foci by 3 exponential models with a determination
      of the epidemic potential].

PMID- 3412238
TI  - [The search for effective anthelmintics in opisthorchiasis in domestic carnivores
      -definitive Opisthorchis hosts].

PMID- 3412237
TI  - [Effect of various factors on the immune status of patients with chronic
      opisthorchiasis. 1. Changes in the immunological indices of patients with chronic
      opisthorchiasis depending on the duration of the disease].

PMID- 3412239
TI  - [Epidemiological survey and the procedure for epidemic control measures in
      diphyllobothriasis].

PMID- 3412240
TI  - [Changes in the immunological reactivity of guinea pigs experimentally infected
      with trichinelliasis after combined treatment with mebendazole and prednisolone].

PMID- 3412241
TI  - [Medamine efficacy and tolerance in treating patients with nematodiasis].

PMID- 3412242
TI  - [Pharmacokinetics of onchocerciasis preparations. 3. Diethylcarbamazine].

PMID- 3412243
TI  - [Ecological faunistic research on the blood-sucking flies in the area of
      influence of the Krasno-Oskol Reservoir over a 30-year period (from 1954 to
      1984)].

PMID- 3412244
TI  - [Ticks of the family Ixodidae in Guinea and the isolation of arboviruses. 1.
      Species composition of ticks].

PMID- 3412245
TI  - [Behavioral characteristics of Ixodes persulcatus P. Sch. ticks infected with the
      tick-borne encephalitis virus].

PMID- 3412246
TI  - [Evaluation of the results of a one-time count of the nymphs of the taiga tick
      (Ixodes persulcatus P. Sch.) on platforms].

PMID- 3412247
TI  - [Ixodes ricinus (L.) ticks on industrial tailings in northwestern Bohemia].

PMID- 3412248
TI  - [Structural and systematic features of the epidemic process (a comment on the
      article by V. D. Beliakov et al.: The theory of the self-regulation of parasitic
      systems)].

PMID- 3412249
TI  - [Epidemiological characteristics of diphyllobothriasis in southwestern Siberia
      and its prevention. The effect of natural and economic-domestic factors on the
      epidemic process].

PMID- 3412250
TI  - The technology of medicine in Minnesota.

PMID- 3412252
TI  - At the heart of Minnesota's cardiovascular industry.

PMID- 3412251
TI  - Pacemaker of Minnesota's health care industry.

PMID- 3412253
TI  - Biotechnology and health care. Minnesota's productive partnership.

PMID- 3412254
TI  - The physician entrepreneur.

PMID- 3412255
TI  - Recent advances in the treatment of urinary calculi.

PMID- 3412256
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging--an update.

PMID- 3412257
TI  - Maintaining our competitive edge.

PMID- 3412258
TI  - The worlds of children and pediatricians.

PMID- 3412259
TI  - Asthmatics out in the cold.

PMID- 3412260
TI  - Generic anticonvulsants.

PMID- 3412261
TI  - Of foxes, hedgehogs, children, and pediatricians.

PMID- 3412262
TI  - Suffer the children.

PMID- 3412263
TI  - Paying for medical technology.

PMID- 3412264
TI  - Adolescence is not a medical condition. On life as illness and the misuse of
      medical metaphors.

PMID- 3412265
TI  - Caring for Minnesota's children.

PMID- 3412267
TI  - Teen-age sexuality education in rural Minnesota.

PMID- 3412266
TI  - The Minnesota Adolescent Health Survey. Implications for physicians.

PMID- 3412268
TI  - Primary care for children with chronic, life-threatening conditions.

PMID- 3412269
TI  - Abstracts. 75th anniversary meeting of the Northwestern Pediatric Society.
      September 18, 1987, Bloomington, Minnesota.

PMID- 3412270
TI  - Adolescent health.

PMID- 3412271
TI  - AIDS: what you should know as an employer.

PMID- 3412272
TI  - AIDS: what your patients should know.

PMID- 3412273
TI  - Compassion for AIDS patients.

PMID- 3412275
TI  - One man's education--from PHP critic to acting CEO. Interview by Richard L.
      Reece.

PMID- 3412274
TI  - Balancing the medical market and physician contentment.

PMID- 3412276
TI  - A physician executive speaks about purchasing health care. Interview by Richard
      L. Reece.

PMID- 3412278
TI  - A second opinion on what ails medicine.

PMID- 3412277
TI  - Reflections of a doctor-in-training.

PMID- 3412279
TI  - Teaching the art, science, and business of medicine.

PMID- 3412280
TI  - Screening mammography in a primary care setting.

PMID- 3412281
TI  - How hospital practice is changing for the family physician.

PMID- 3412282
TI  - Collective negotiation through PPOs.

PMID- 3412283
TI  - Medical education: the arduous journey leads to more challenges.

PMID- 3412284
TI  - Choosing the right retirement plan for your practice.

PMID- 3412285
TI  - A survey of impaired nurse programs in Mississippi.

PMID- 3412287
TI  - Nutrition and trauma.

PMID- 3412286
TI  - Networking in nursing.

PMID- 3412288
TI  - Exercise-induced Bronchospasm Symposium (Transpacific Allergy/Immunology Society-
      Tokyo). Proceedings.

PMID- 3412289
TI  - Exercise-induced anaphylaxis.
AB  - Anaphylaxis, the most emergent manifestation of allergy, is best described by its
      clinical pathologic alterations. Sites of involvement include skin (urticaria),
      upper respiratory tract (laryngeal edema), lower respiratory tract
      (bronchospasm), and the cardiovascular system (severe hypotension).
      Ultrastructural analysis of skin biopsies obtained from individuals experiencing
      exercise-induced anaphylaxis prior to and immediately after exercise revealed
      changes indistinguishable from those observed following immunologic challenge of
      pulmonary mast cells. These alterations included enlargement of the mast cell
      granules, solubilization (discharge) of mast cell granule contents, merger of the
      granule membranes with adjacent granule membranes, as well as the mast cell
      membrane. The successful reversal of anaphylaxis requires the prompt recognition
      of symptoms and early institution of therapy for anaphylaxis. Patients suffering
      from exercise-induced anaphylaxis should avoid any foods, drinks, or
      pharmaceutical agents, particularly acetyl salicylic acid for four and preferably
      six hours prior to exercise.

PMID- 3412290
TI  - The management of patients with sulfonamide allergy.
AB  - To illustrate the variety of clinical strategies that may be used in treatment of
      patients allergic to sulfa medications, we report the management of eight sulfa
      allergic patients, seven of whom required readministration of the sulfa drug.
      Slow oral readministration of a sulfonamide over the course of four weeks was
      successful in two patients who had a history of cutaneous reactions to sulfa use
      and did not require sulfa urgently. Rapid oral or intravenous readministration of
      a sulfonamide was attempted unsuccessfully in three patients, each of whom
      urgently needed continuation of a sulfa drug. Occasionally a sulfa drug must be
      continued despite the presence of a cutaneous drug eruption secondary to that
      drug. In four patients, including two of the patients in whom rapid test dosing
      of a sulfonamide had been unsuccessful, treatment of the sulfa reaction with
      corticosteroids and antihistamines permitted continued sulfa administration.
      Readministration of a sulfonamide should not be attempted in patients who
      previously have had reactions such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome unless essential
      for survival of a patient.

PMID- 3412291
TI  - Mountain cedar pollinosis: can it occur in non-atopics?
AB  - In 1984 Ramirez postulated the existance of two subgroups of patients with
      Mountain Cedar (MC) pollinosis. One subgroup had a single positive skin test
      (SPST) to MC only, lacked other atopic diseases, and required prolonged MC
      exposure to develop the disease. The second subgroup had multiple positive skin
      tests (MPST) in addition to MC, had other atopic diseases, and developed clinical
      symptoms after a shorter period of MC exposure. To validate these findings, and
      to explore the clinical and immunologic differences between these two subgroups,
      13 SPST and nine MPST patients underwent immunotherapy with MC pollen extract.
      Six SPST and ten non-allergic controls did not receive immunotherapy. MC specific
      IgE (sIgE), MC sIgG, and MC sIgG subclasses were measured by ELISA pre and intra
      season. Symptom Medication Score (SMS) were measured during the MC season. SPST
      patients had a significantly lower baseline sIgE than MPST patients, 2.1 IU/ml
      versus 22.3 IU/ml, p = 0.023, and were also older than MPST patients, 52.4 versus
      32.2 years, p less than 0.001. Baseline MC sIgG and MC sIgG subclass antibody
      levels were similar in both patient groups. SMS were lower in treated SPST
      patients compared to treated MPST patients, p less than 0.01, but in vitro
      responses to immunotherapy were not significantly different between the two
      groups. MC sIgE, MC sIgG, MC sIgG1 and MC sIgG4 rose in both treated groups. MC
      sIgG1 (but not MC sIgG4) rose during the MC season in both non-immunotherapy
      groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3412292
TI  - Eastern pine sensitivity in New England.
AB  - The purpose of this study is to assess the frequency of clinical sensitivity to
      Eastern White Pine Pollen, 100 consecutive patients with the seasonal (SAR) or
      perennial (PAR) allergic rhinitis seen in the allergy clinic were prick tested
      with pine pollen extract, 8-tree mixture, histamine and negative control.
      Positive skin test (ST) was defined as a wheal greater than 3 mm larger than
      control, plus flare. Patients with a positive ST were then asked to stop
      antihistamine and other related drug, for 48 hours and challenged in a double
      blind manner with increasing concentrations of intranasal pine extract, starting
      at 1/100,000 w/v, followed by 1/10,000, 1/1000 and 1/100 at 20 minute intervals.
      The dose given was 0.15 cc by metered dose spray; one nostril received pine
      extract diluted in saline, the other received plain saline,. Rhinometric
      measurements were obtained before and 20 minutes after each challenge. Positive
      challenges were defined as 1) subjective feeling of increased stuffiness or
      rhinorrhea and 2) greater than 25% decrease in nasal airflow. Six patients (6%)
      had a positive ST to pine pollen extract and two of four patients with positive
      pine skin test had a positive FAST. Four of these were challenged intranasally, 2
      had a positive challenge. All six patients had a history of spring SAR and
      positive reaction to 8-tree mix. Out of the 100 patients skin tested, 61 had
      spring SAR; therefore, the incidence of positive ST to pine in patients with
      spring SAR was 6/61 (10%). We conclude that pine pollen can be a cause of spring
      SAR in the New England area.

PMID- 3412293
TI  - A new look at conifer allergy.

PMID- 3412294
TI  - Dancing.

PMID- 3412295
TI  - Department of Health report.

PMID- 3412296
TI  - Missouri nurses are "proud to care".

PMID- 3412297
TI  - Another category of health care provider proposed.

PMID- 3412298
TI  - [The correlation between the reduction rate of tumor and the survival time of
      patients as an effect of chemotherapy].
AB  - The correlation between reduction rate of tumor by anti-cancer chemotherapy and
      survival time of patients was studied in 17 cases with liver metastases from 12
      stomach cancers and 5 colonic cancers. The survival time ranged from 4 to 15
      months (mean 8.4 +/- 4.3 months) in 5 cases with CR or PR, from 6 to 15 months
      (mean 9.8 +/- 4.1 months) in 4 cases with NC, from 2 to 12 months (mean 8.0 +/-
      3.7 months) in 8 cases with PD. There was no correlation between reduction rate
      of tumor and survival time of patients. The tumor marker doubling times, both
      before and after chemotherapy, were studied in 5 cases. The difference of
      doubling time between before and after chemotherapy was not significant. These
      results suggest that individual doubling time plays an important role in survival
      time as an effect of chemotherapy.

PMID- 3412299
TI  - [The significance of endoscopic treatment of early gastric cancer].
AB  - Gastric endoscopy could be an useful procedure in treating patients with early
      gastric cancer in certain conditions. We treated 24 patients with gastric cancer
      for whom no surgery was indicated because of serious complications or patient's
      refusal. Endoscopic local injection (ELI) with Mitomycin C (MMC), 5-fluorouracil
      (5-FU), and Picibanil (OK-432) was performed in 16 patients and polypectomy in 8
      patients as radical treatment for primary gastric cancer. Of the 16 cases, ELI
      was effective in 9 cases of early gastric cancers, consisting of 4 cases with
      complete response (CR), additional 4 with a partial response (PR), but was
      ineffective in the remaining of all 3 cases of advanced cancers. ELI with MMC +
      5FU was performed in 8 cases with an excellent response; 3 cases with CR and 3
      cases with PR; 5 patients are alive, with the longest survival period of 54
      months, and 2 patients died of other diseases. On the other hand, ELI with OK-432
      was carried out in remaining 8 cases with no effective results, showing only 1
      case with CR and another case with PR. Polypectomy was effective for 8 protruding
      type of early gastric cancers with the longest cancer-free period of 31 months.
      At present, although preoperative evaluation of the depth and range of cancer
      invasion is difficult, we would like to emphasize that ELI and polypectomy are
      procedures worthy to be attempted in patients with early gastric cancers with no
      nodal metastases for surgery is not indicated.

PMID- 3412301
TI  - [Experimental study on lipid metabolism after partial hepatectomy--with reference
      to mitochondrial function of the regenerating liver].
AB  - Lipid metabolism after hepatectomy was studied in normal rats and cirrhotic rats
      induced with injections of thioacetamide. In normal rats, the fat accumulation in
      regenerating livers was observed, which had a maximal peak at 24 hours after
      hepatectomy. It could be a result of mobilization of fatty acids from fat tissue
      accompanied with hyperglucagonemia after hepatectomy. Mitochondrial respiration
      in regenerating liver increased remarkably. Especially when palmitoylcarnitine
      was used as a substrate, both the respiratory index and ATP synthesis were high
      until 72 hours after hepatectomy. Mitochondrial carnitine palmitoyltransferase
      activity was also high. The increase of mitochondrial respiration with
      palmitoylcarnitine as a substrate was also observed in cirrhotic liver until 72
      hours after hepatectomy. These results suggest that mobilization of fatty acids
      increases after hepatectomy and regenerating liver utilizes fatty acids as a main
      substrate for hepatic regeneration.

PMID- 3412300
TI  - [Studies on gastric lymphatics by using activated carbon particle (CH44) and
      lymph node metastasis of gastric cancer].
AB  - Gastric lymphatics in 200 patients of gastric cancer were studied by injection of
      activated carbon particles (CH44). By observing the carbon flow intraoperatively
      and examining stained lymph nodes, gastric lymphatics for individual regions
      (cardia, lesser curvature, left greater curvature and right greater curvature)
      were evaluated. The cardiac orifice has a main series of lymphatics along the
      left gastric artery and also has other lymphatics along the splenic artery, left
      phrenic artery, esophagus, lesser omentum and diaphragm. The left greater
      curvature depends on the lymph flow along the splenic artery. The lesser
      curvature has a main lymphatic stream along the left gastric artery. The right
      greater curvature has convened lymphatics around pancreatic head. Most streams
      gather around celiac axis, while the flow along right gastro-epiploic vein is
      also important. We also studied the relationship between the site of gastric
      cancer and metastasis is to the lymph nodes in 1097 gastrectomized patients. They
      had received more than R2 lymphatic dissection successfully. In the cases with
      lesions located in the upper part of the stomach, n4 (positive findings of
      metastasis to group 4 lymph nodes) is greater than n3 (positive findings of
      metastasis to group 3 lymph nodes). We concluded that most of gastric lymphatics
      run along the proper gastric vessels and gathered around celiac axis. For lymph
      node dissection in gastric cancer, it is important to know the direction of the
      gastric lymphatics based on tumor sites.

PMID- 3412302
TI  - [Respiratory function of mitochondria fractionated from isolated hepatocytes of
      rats with obstructive jaundice].
AB  - Obstructive jaundice model was created using rats by the ligation of bile duct.
      One, 2, 3 weeks later, the respiratory function and morphology of the hepatic
      mitochondria were comparatively evaluated between mitochondria directly
      fractionated from liver tissue and mitochondria from isolated hepatocytes.
      Respiratory function of the former deteriorated with the duration of jaundice.
      ATP synthesis decreased to 75% of the control at 1 and 2 weeks, and 58% at 3
      weeks after ligation. On the contrary, it was 97%, 88% and 87% of the control. On
      the contrary, it was 97%, 88% and 87% of the control at 1, 2 and 3 weeks in the
      latter. By electron microscopic examination, the size of mitochondria of the
      jaundiced liver is inconsistent and smaller in general than the control. These
      data suggest that the deterioration of mitochondrial function in the jaundiced
      liver is not caused mainly by the disturbance of mitochondria themselves, but
      caused by the respiratory inhibitory factors which exist around the mitochondria.

PMID- 3412303
TI  - [The recovery of energy metabolism from hypothermic preservation in the rat
      liver].
AB  - Functional recovery of the preserved organ depends on the recovery of energy
      metabolism. To assess this recovery, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level and
      tissue pH were measured by phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance. Oxygen
      consumption, bile flow rate and glucose output were also measured before and
      after preservation. During preservation with Euro-Collins solution at 0 degrees
      C, ATP signal decreased to noise-level. After preservation, liver was reperfused
      with modified Krebs-Henseleit solution at 37 degrees C. ATP level of the 6 and
      24h preserved liver recovered to 92%, and 76% of the pre-preservation level,
      respectively. Tissue pH recovered to the pre-preservation level after both 6 and
      24h preservation. However, oxygen consumption of the 24h preserved liver was
      higher than that of the fresh liver. These findings support the idea that the
      efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation decreases after 24h preservation, but
      still remains the possibility of increase in ATP hydrolysis by other processes
      than bile secretion. In another experiment, gluconeogenesis was activated with
      norepinephrine (NE), and changes in energy metabolism were examined. Glucose
      output was less increased by NE stimulation in the 24h preserved liver than in
      the fresh liver. By NE administration, ATP level decreased 5-10% in the fresh
      liver, and 20-25% in the 24h preserved liver. In the 24h preserved liver, the
      increment in oxygen consumption induced by NE administration was less than a half
      of the fresh liver. These results suggest that a supply of ATP is short when an
      energy demand is increased in the 24h preserved liver, and that this shortage of
      ATP supply is mainly due to the deterioration of mitochondrial respiration.

PMID- 3412304
TI  - [Study of the ischemic effect on the hepatic energy metabolism].
AB  - The changes of hepatic energy metabolism during normothermic and hypothermic
      ischemia were investigated using rats with portajugular shunt. In addition, some
      blood parameters were estimated as to whether they could reflect the changes in
      hepatic energy level (represented by energy charge, EC). In this study,
      [pyruvate]/[lactate] x 1/K(K = 1.11 x 10(-4)) and [2-oxoglutarate] x
      [ammonia]/[glutamate] x 1/K(K = 3.87 x 10(-3) mmole) were used as indexes of
      cytosolic and mitochondrial redox state, respectively. The following results were
      obtained. 1) Though hepatic EC recovered after 30 minutes of ischemia, it didn't
      recover after 60 minutes of normothermic ischemia. 2) The recovery of the hepatic
      EC even after 60 minutes of ischemia was observed in hypothermic condition. 3)
      Mitochondrial redox state changed like hepatic EC, however, some dissociations
      were observed between cytosolic redox state and hepatic EC in hypothermic
      ischemia. 4) The changes of mitochondrial and cytosolic redox state were
      reflected in those of arterial ammonia and lactate level, respectively. As a
      result, hypothermia can prolong the safe ischemic period due to its stabilizing
      effect on mitochondrial redox state. In addition, the changes of the hepatic EC
      are reflected in those of arterial ammonia and lactate level. In hypothermic
      condition, however, ammonia seemed a better parameter than lactate in assessing
      hepatic EC.

PMID- 3412305
TI  - [Experimental and clinical study on flow cytometric DNA analysis of human breast
      carcinoma].
AB  - Flow cytometric DNA analysis was performed on four human breast carcinoma
      xenografts serially transplanted into nude mice (MX-1, T-61, R-27 and MCF-7)
      together with 31 surgical specimens of breast carcinoma. Mechanically dissociated
      tumor cells were stained with propidium iodide and histograms were obtained by
      counting at least 2 x 10(4) cells using EPICS-V flow cytometer. Tumor ploidy was
      expressed as DNA Index using internal standard of chicken red blood cells and the
      percentage of cells in the S phase of cell cycle was determined by Bagwell's
      program. All of four xenografts and 23 of 31 clinical specimens showed non
      diploid pattern. Statistically significant correlation was observed between %S
      and tumor doubling time of human tumor xenografts, viewed rapid growing tumor
      revealed high %S. In clinical cases, statistically significant correlation was
      present between %S and histological grade and the state of hormone receptors.
      Histological grade III tumors had a significantly higher %S than that of
      histological grade I tumors. ER negative tumors showed a significantly higher
      mean %S than that of ER positive tumors. Similarly, PgR negative tumors possessed
      a significantly higher mean %S than that of PgR positive tumors. However, no
      significant correlation was found between ploidy pattern and clinicopathological
      parameters. It was concluded that flow cytometric %S might be useful to estimate
      the biological malignancy of human breast carcinomas.

PMID- 3412306
TI  - [Clinical study of "stent creep" in porcine bioprosthesis].
AB  - Stent creep is often associated with malfunction of bioprosthesis. We measured
      the inward bending angle of the stent-post showing maximum bending (IBA) on 42
      mitral porcine xenografts retrieved 1 to 12 yrs (mean 7.7 yrs) postoperatively at
      reoperation. Patients were 12 men and 28 women, ranging in age from 26 to 58 yrs.
      Mean +/- S.D. for IBA was 12.7 +/- 4.2 degrees(ds) in 14 valves being implanted
      for less than 7 yrs and 16.9 +/- 5.5 ds in 28 valves longer than 8 yrs (p less
      than 0.05). There was a significant difference in IBA between 36 valves of 25-29
      mm size (16.3 +/- 5.1 ds) and 6 valves of 31 mm (10.3 +/- 5.5 ds) (p less than
      0.05), but no significant difference between 23 Hancock valves (15.5 +/- 4.4 ds),
      10 Angell-Shiley valves (16.2 +/- 8.6 ds) and 9 Carpentier-Edwards valves (14.4
      +/- 3.7 ds). IBA showed a tendency to have large valve in the heart with small
      left ventricular end-systolic volume. The results showed that stent creeping
      phenomenon was not related to the material or design of stent-post, but tended to
      increase with passage of time in place. Furthermore, it was suggested that stent
      creep was induced by the mechanism of compression of the stent by the left
      ventricular wall.

PMID- 3412307
TI  - [Efficacy of transcatheter embolization for massive bleeding from pelvic
      fracture].
AB  - To investigate the effectiveness of percutaneous transcatheter embolization (PET)
      for massive bleeding from pelvic fracture, 89 patients treated in a recent 5-year
      period when PET was adopted (group II) were analyzed and compared with former 177
      patients (group I). The results obtained were as follows: 1) Although there was
      no difference between the groups on overall mortality within 24 hours, the rate
      of hemorrhagic death directly caused by pelvic fractures and the incidence of
      complications in group II were significantly less than in group I. 2) PET
      directly improved vital sign and decreased transfusion. 3) Bleeding sites near
      greater ischiatic notches on angiogram were frequently seen without detectable
      fractures of posterior pelvic ring on plain X-ray films. 4) Any side effects were
      not associated with PET. These results confirm that PET can identify bleeding
      sites, control hemorrhage and improve mortality and morbidity of severe pelvic
      fracture.

PMID- 3412308
TI  - [Clinical studies on various therapy for the intractable trauma of toes and
      fingers in cases of diabetes mellitus and peripheral ischemic diseases].
AB  - In cases of ischemic extremities and diabetes mellitus, the trauma on finger and
      toe is very intractable. For such injuries amputation of extremity is indicated
      very often because of severe necrosis. The number of such cases has been
      increasing recently because many cases of these patients have arteriosclerotic
      arterial occlusion and diabetes mellitus, and these are correlated with the
      changes of aging. The number of cases of Buerger's disease has been also
      increasing and it is another etiology of intractable trauma in ischemic
      extremity. The repeated hyperbaric oxygenation, sympathetic block, warfarin
      therapy and insulin bath with bubbling of hyperbaric oxygen, were applied to has
      been of such necrosis. By these procedures, the rate of amputation of extremity
      decreasing. It was concluded that the surgical reconstruction of artery for
      ischemic extremity has never any meaning as the therapy of such intractable
      injuries, if blood flow in the peripheral tissue is not kept physiologically,
      before vascular reconstruction. In order to increase peripheral tissue
      circulation, the hyperbaric oxygenation, sympathetic block and warfarin therapy
      wer performed in many cases and these methods were very effective for intractable
      injuries with severe necrosis.

PMID- 3412309
TI  - [Studies on tissue PO2 and biochemical analysis of the skeletal muscle of legs
      with chronic arterial occlusive diseases].
AB  - Measurements of maximum tissue PO2 during 100% O2 inhalation (PtO2max) and
      biochemical analysis of the skeletal muscle were performed in 3 legs without
      ischemia and 14 legs with chronic arterial occlusive disease requiring
      amputation. There were significant good correlations between PtO2max and levels
      of pH, lactate, enzymes (CPK, LDH, Aldolase) and ATP in the skeletal muscle with
      ischemia. In regions in which PtO2max was below 10mmHg, ischemic changes in the
      muscle were considered to be irreversible. On the contrary, primary wound healing
      was obtained in regions with 40mmHg or more of PtO2max. Measurements of the
      PtO2max of the ischemic muscles provided much useful information concerning the
      reversibility of muscle ischemia and for decision of the amputation level.

PMID- 3412310
TI  - [Effects of ketone bodies on postinjury metabolism in man].

PMID- 3412312
TI  - [Effect of a platelet activating factor (PAF) antagonist on the hepatic afferent
      vascular occlusion].

PMID- 3412311
TI  - [Evaluation of anionic composition of hypothermic liver preservation solution by
      31P NMR].

PMID- 3412314
TI  - [The instrumental development and clinical use of venous valve cutters with
      ceramic edges or in situ bypass method].

PMID- 3412313
TI  - [Comparative study between carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in breast cancer tissue
      and histologic findings].

PMID- 3412315
TI  - [An experimental study of a new counterpulsation method].

PMID- 3412316
TI  - [Culture and its biological properties of human adult endothelial cells derived
      from cadavers at autopsy].

PMID- 3412317
TI  - [A study of localization of fibronectin and laminin in human gastric cancer].

PMID- 3412318
TI  - Effect of the N-glycosidic bond conformation and modifications in the pentose
      moiety on the binding of nucleoside ligands to uridine phosphorylase.
AB  - Several arabinosyl-, xylosyl-, lyxosyl, 5'-deoxy-, acyclo-, 2,2'-anhydro-, 2,3'
      anhydro-2'-deoxy-, 2,5'-anhydro-, 6,5'-cyclo-, and carbocyclic analogues of
      uridine with various 5-substitutions (fluoro, methyl, bromo, ethyl, benzyl, or
      benzyloxybenzyl) have been tested and compared with their corresponding ribo- and
      2'-deoxyribosides for their potency to inhibit uridine phosphorylase (UrdPase)
      from both mouse and human livers. The effect of the alpha- and beta
      configurations of the glycosidic bond was also tested. Xylo-, lyxo-, 2,3'-anhydro
      2'-deoxy-, 6,5'-cyclo-, and carbocyclic uridines did not bind to the enzyme.
      Ribosides bound better than the corresponding 2'-deoxyribosides, which were
      better than the 5'-deoxyribosides. 2'-alpha-Deoxyribosides bound to the enzyme,
      albeit less tightly than the corresponding beta-anomers. The acyclo- and 2,2'
      anhydrouridines were all potent inhibitors with the 2,2'-anhydro- derivatives
      being the most potent. 2,5'-Anhydrouridine bound to UrdPase less effectively than
      2,2'-anhydrouridine and acyclouridine. Arabinosyl uracil was at best a very poor
      inhibitor but binds better if a benzyl group is added at the 5-position of the
      pyrimidine ring. This binding was enhanced further by adding a 5-benzyloxybenzyl
      group. A similar enhancement of the binding with increased hydrophobicity at the
      5-position of the pyrimidine ring was observed with ribosides, alpha- and beta
      anomers of the 2'-deoxyribosides, acyclonucleosides, and 2,2'-anhydronucleosides.
      The inhibitory potencies of these compounds with UrdPase from human liver roughly
      parallel those obtained with UrdPase from mouse liver. It is concluded that the
      presence of a N-glycosidic bond as well as a properly oriented 3'-hydroxyl group
      are prerequisites for a nucleoside ligand to bind to UrdPase. On the other hand,
      the presence of a 2'- or 5'-hydroxyl group or an N-glycosidic bond in the beta
      configuration enhances but is not essential for binding. Furthermore, the potency
      of the binding of 2,2'-anhydrouridines (fixed syn-isomers) in contrast to the
      complete lack of binding of the 6,5'-cyclouridines (fixed anti-isomers) to
      UrdPase indicates that the binding of ligands to this enzyme is in the syn
      conformation around the N-glycosidic bond.

PMID- 3412319
TI  - Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies directed against SK & F 94461, a specific H1
      histamine receptor ligand.
AB  - SK & F 94461, an aminopentyl analogue of mepyramine, is a recently described H1
      receptor antagonist. At variance with the other available H1 receptor ligands, SK
      & F 94461 offers the possibility of coupling to a protein carrier to render the
      molecule immunogenic. SK & F 94461 coupled to succinylated bovine serum albumin
      was used as an immunogen to raise polyclonal antibodies in rabbits and BALB/c
      mice. In parallel, spleen cells from immunized mice were used to produce
      hybridomas by somatic cell fusion. Thus, six different murine monoclonal
      antibodies sharing anti-SK & F 94461 specificity were selected for further
      detailed characterization of their binding properties. Pharmacologic studies of
      competitive inhibition using a set of 11 histaminergic agents allowed analysis of
      the fine specificity of anti-SK & F 94461 antibodies. Both polyclonal and
      monoclonal anti-SK & F 94461 antibodies showed very high affinity for the
      immunizing molecule (i.e., Ka values for monoclonal antibodies 8 and 12 were,
      respectively, 3 X 10(10) and 1.4 X 10(10) M-1). Both types of antibodies bound
      with high affinity (IC50 ranging from 10(-10) to 10(-12) M) to mepyramine, which
      has a chemical structure closely resembling that of SK & F 94461. Moreover, these
      antibodies displayed clear-cut stereoselectivity inasmuch as they bound the d
      configuration of chlorpheniramine with significantly higher affinity than the l
      form. Thus, all six monoclonal antibodies showed IC50 values 1 to 6 log units
      lower for d- than for l-chlorpheniramine. For some monoclonal antibodies,
      spectroscopic and fluorescence spectra studies showed that their different
      binding capacities correlated with their optical properties. Similarly,
      polyclonal anti-SK & F 94461 antibodies showed a 500-fold lower affinity for l-
      than for d-chlorpheniramine. All these results indicate that the polyclonal and
      the majority of monoclonal anti-SK & F 94461 antibodies recognized with high
      affinity structural configurations known to be important for the pharmacologic
      activity of H1 ligands, namely the presence of the dimethylaminoethyl side chain
      and, with stereochemical selectivity, the d-configuration of chlorpheniramine.
      These data extend for the first time to an H1 histamine receptor ligand results
      reported in other hormone systems.

PMID- 3412320
TI  - Evidence for a large and flexible region of human serum albumin possessing high
      affinity binding sites for salicylate, warfarin, and other ligands.
AB  - The relations between the single high affinity binding sites for azapropazone,
      phenylbutazone, chlorpropamide, sulfathiazole, and iophenoxate and the binding
      regions of human serum albumin represented by the marker ligands diazepam, phenol
      red, salicylate, and warfarin were examined by a series of competition
      experiments. Binding was determined by equilibrium dialysis at pH 7.0. In order
      to ensure an accurate analysis of the competition experiment, the number of moles
      of ligand bound per mole of protein was usually 0.4 or less to minimize ligand
      binding to weaker sites. Furthermore, binding of both ligands was determined in
      all experiments (except for iophenozate). None of the test ligands competed with
      diazepam for a common high affinity binding site, but, surprisingly, they were
      all able to displace two or three of the other marker ligands according to a
      competitive scheme. These findings show, first, the existence of a particular
      serum albumin region for high affinity binding of diazepam. Secondly, they imply
      that it is not necessary to assume the existence of new drug binding regions
      beyond those existing for phenol red, salicylate, and warfarin. On the contrary,
      the relatively many examples of competitive binding indicate that the binding
      regions represented by the last-mentioned three marker ligands are placed quite
      close to each other in the albumin molecule in a common region, which is
      suggested to be located at subdomains 1C and 2A-B. The region must be relatively
      large, because in some cases independent high affinity binding of pairs of
      ligands is observed. It is probably also rather flexible, inasmuch as no clear
      relation could be found between the chemical structure of the test ligands and
      the two or three marker ligands with which they compete. Correlations between
      primary association constants and partition coefficients for both marker ligands
      and test ligands, in the unionized forms, between n-hexane or 1-octanol and
      aqueous media showed that hydrophobic forces are important for the binding
      processes. However, the data also showed that other attractive forces must be
      operative as well.

PMID- 3412322
TI  - Liver membrane calcium transport in diquat-induced oxidative stress in vivo.
AB  - Hepatic necrosis is produced rapidly by 0.1 mmol/kg diquat in male Fischer-344
      rats but not Sprague-Dawley rats, yet massive oxidant stress is caused by diquat
      in both strains of rat. Liver plasma membrane calcium uptake was unaltered by
      diquat treatment in either strain. However, diquat inhibited ATP-dependent
      calcium sequestration by hepatic microsomes from Fischer rats by 33% (33 +/- 2
      versus 50 +/- 2 nmol/mg/20 min), whereas liver microsomal calcium uptake in
      Sprague-Dawley rats was not decreased by diquat treatment. Microsomes of diquat
      treated Fischer rats showed marked increases in calcium efflux versus controls (k
      efflux = 0.115 +/- 0.027 versus 0.051 +/- 0.005 min-1; p less than 0.025), but
      microsomes of diquat-treated Sprague-Dawley rats exhibited no significant change
      in efflux rate. Calcium uptake by the endoplasmic reticulum of saponin
      permeabilized isolated hepatocytes was diminished in parallel with diquat
      cytotoxicity. Significant increases in 11-, 12-, and 15-hydroxy 20:4 fatty acids
      were found in liver microsomes isolated after diquat treatment in vivo and
      administration of desferrioxamine (0.24 mmol/kg, intraperitoneally) administered
      before diquat significantly protected against the inhibition of microsomal
      calcium uptake. These data suggest a possible role for Fenton chemistry and lipid
      peroxidation in this feature of diquat-generated hepatic damage in vivo.

PMID- 3412321
TI  - Interactions of tubulin with potent natural and synthetic analogs of the
      antimitotic agent combretastatin: a structure-activity study.
AB  - Combretastatin, an antineoplastic and antimitotic agent, was isolated from the
      bark of Combretum caffrum [Can. J. Chem. 60: 1374-1376 (1982); Biochem.
      Pharmacol. 32:3864-3867 (1983)]. Structurally, combretastatin consists of two
      substituted benzene rings linked by a saturated, hydroxy-substituted two-carbon
      bridge. A large number of combretastatin analogs have now been synthesized or
      obtained from C. caffrum. These vary in substituents on the phenyl rings or
      bridge carbons, bridge length, unsaturation of the bridge (i.e., stilbene
      derivatives, with the two phenyl rings oriented either cis or trans), and in
      precise ring structure (two major variants, with the bridge incorporated into a
      third six-member ring to form a phenanthrene structure or a methyl group
      eliminated from vicinal methoxy substituents to form a benzodioxole ring).
      Available analogs (17 natural products and 22 synthetic agents) were examined for
      antimitotic and cytotoxic activity and for effects on tubulin polymerization and
      colchicine binding. Nineteen compounds inhibited cell growth by 50% or more at
      concentrations of 1 microM or less, and 14 inhibited tubulin polymerization by at
      least 50% at stoichiometric drug concentrations. The most potent cytotoxic agents
      generally strongly inhibited both tubulin polymerization and the binding of
      colchicine to tubulin. The most promising compound is the (cis)-stilbene
      derivative (cis)-1-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-2-(3'-hydroxy-4'
      methoxyphenyl)ethene, which has been named combretastatin A-4. This compound
      inhibited cell growth by 50% at 7 nM, inhibited tubulin polymerization by 50% at
      2.5 microM (1/4 molar equivalent), and competitively inhibited colchicine binding
      with an apparent Ki of 0.14 microM.

PMID- 3412323
TI  - The non-human primate: a possible model for human genetically determined
      polymorphisms in oxidative drug metabolism.
AB  - Genetic polymorphisms of drug oxidation are major determinants of interindividual
      variations in drug response and toxicity. Many animal models, including rats,
      have been used for clinical investigations of pharmacogenetics. However, because
      of large interspecies differences, these data are difficult to extrapolate to
      humans. We therefore phenotyped 64 non-human primates for debrisoquine and
      mephenytoin polymorphisms and identified poor metabolizers of both drugs. The
      frequency of poor metabolizers was 14% for debrisoquine (95% confidence limits,
      6.5-25%) and 3% for mephenytoin (95% confidence limits, 0.5-10%). If family
      studies demonstrate a genetic basis for the two independent defects, this animal
      species could be used for in vivo and in vitro pharmacogenetic investigations.

PMID- 3412324
TI  - Computer-automated structure evaluation of flavonoids and other structurally
      related compounds as glyoxalase I enzyme inhibitors.
AB  - The Computer-Automated Structure Evaluation (CASE) methodology has been applied
      to a set of flavonoids and other structurally related compounds tested for
      glyoxalase I enzyme inhibition. CASE identified several structural features
      believed to be responsible for activity. A total of five fragments were isolated.
      The most important structural feature is the alpha-hydroxy-alpha,beta-unsaturated
      carbonyl group attached to a fused ring carbon atom. This fragment tautomerizes
      into a transition state analog of the substrate of the enzyme. Five tested
      compounds initially removed from the database were submitted to CASE in the
      predictive mode. The predictions generally matched the tested values for enzyme
      inhibition. A set of chromones and phenyl-pyrones, although untested, were also
      submitted to CASE. CASE predicts that, as a class of compounds, chromones would
      be more effective inhibitors than phenyl-pyrones.

PMID- 3412325
TI  - Metabolites and DNA adduct formation from flavoenzyme-activated porfiromycin.
AB  - Porfiromycin was reductively metabolized by NADPH cytochrome P-450 reductase and
      xanthine oxidase under anaerobic conditions. The production of metabolites varied
      with the pH and the contents of the reaction buffer. In Tris buffer, two major
      metabolites were produced at pH 7.5 and above, whereas one major metabolite was
      produced at pH 6.5. The three major metabolites were separated and isolated by
      HPLC. Identification by californium-252 plasma desorption mass spectrometry
      showed that the two major metabolites from pH 7.5 were (trans) and (cis)-forms of
      7-amino-1-hydroxyl-2-methylaminomitosene and the major metabolite from pH 6.5 was
      7-amino-2-methylaminomitosene. All three major metabolites showed substitutions
      at the C-1 position. DNA was alkylated readily by enzyme-activated porfiromycin.
      Digestion of porfiromycin-alkylated DNA by DNase, snake venom phosphodiesterase,
      and alkaline phosphatase resulted in an insoluble nuclease-resistant fraction and
      a soluble fraction. The nuclease-resistant fraction reflected a high content of
      cross-linked adducts. Upon HPLC analysis, the solubilized fraction contained two
      monofunctionally linked porfiromycin adducts and a possibly cross-linked
      dinucleotide. The major adduct was isolated by HPLC and identified by NMR, as N2
      (2'-deoxyguanosyl)-7-amino-2-methylaminomitosene. The N2 position of
      deoxyguanosine appeared as the major monofunctional alkylating site for DNA
      alkylation by porfiromycin. Thus, mitomycin C and porfiromycin (which differs
      from mitomycin C only by the addition of a methyl group to the aziridine
      nitrogen) share the same enzymatic activating mechanism that leads to the
      formation of the same types of metabolites and the same specificity of DNA
      alkylation.

PMID- 3412326
TI  - Fibroblast growth factor messenger ribonucleic acid expression in a human
      astrocytoma cell line: regulation by serum and cell density.
AB  - A human astrocytoma cell line, U87-MG, synthesizes a growth factor which is
      structurally related to basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) by several
      criteria: 1) it binds to heparin-Sepharose and elutes at 2 M NaCl; 2) it cross
      reacts with N-terminal specific anti-bFGF antibodies; 3) it is a potent mitogen
      for rabbit fetal chondrocytes. Northern blotting analysis of total RNA reveals
      that the cells express high levels of two bFGF mRNA transcripts of 7 and 3.7
      kilobase in size. The levels of both transcripts rise rapidly (within 3 h) after
      addition of serum to serum-deprived cultures, reach a maximum within 6-12 h and
      remain elevated for at least 24 h. Basic FGF mRNA expression was low in confluent
      cultures but was increased after replating at sparse density. Transcript levels
      began to increase 4 h after plating, reaching a maximum (7-fold above confluent
      cells) within 24 h. The rise in bFGF mRNA levels was preceded by a rapid rise in
      c-myc expression which peaked 8 h after plating and then declined. The level of
      bFGF mRNA expression began to decline by 48 h, before any detectable increase in
      cell number, and returned to control levels when the cells reached confluence
      after 10 days. The level of transforming growth factor beta mRNA, which is also
      expressed in these cells, was not affected by cell density. The effects of
      density on bFGF mRNA levels were not duplicated by culturing low density cells in
      conditioned medium from confluent cultures or in medium containing 10 ng/ml
      bFGF.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3412327
TI  - The effect of thyroid hormone on the chromatin structure and expression of the
      malic enzyme gene in hepatocytes.
AB  - Malic enzyme catalyzes the NADP-dependent oxidative decarboxylation of malate to
      pyruvate and carbon dioxide and is involved in lipogenesis. We have investigated
      the effect of thyroid hormone on the chromatin structure of the malic enzyme gene
      in rat liver. Hypersensitivity to DNase I in the immediate 5'-flanking region was
      altered by T3. T3 stimulation induced hypersensitive sites at -310 base pairs
      (bp) and -50 bp whereas a hypersensitive site at -170 bp was thyroid hormone
      independent. Hypersensitive sites identified in the 3'-flanking region showed no
      change with T3 stimulation. We further characterized expression of the malic
      enzyme gene as a function of thyroidal state by localizing malic enzyme mRNA in
      hepatocytes using in situ hybridization histochemistry. In hypothyroid and
      euthyroid states, two populations of hepatocytes were seen, some with malic
      enzyme message and others with no detectable message. These differences in malic
      enzyme gene expression were most evident between groups or regions of
      hepatocytes. After 10 days of thyroid hormone treatment all hepatocytes
      demonstrated malic enzyme message. The hypersensitivity results confirm that
      thyroid hormone stimulation of malic enzyme synthesis occurs in part at the level
      of transcription, and localization of malic enzyme gene expression suggests this
      stimulation is accompanied by recruitment of hepatocytes. Hepatocytes may be
      heterogeneous in their ability to respond to thyroid hormone.

PMID- 3412328
TI  - Glucocorticoid regulation of enkephalins in cultured rat adrenal medulla.
AB  - The effect of dexamethasone on enkephalin-containing (EC) peptide levels and
      preproenkephalin mRNA levels was determined in adrenal medullary explants
      (glands) from sham and hypophysectomized (hypox) rats. Culture for 4 days in
      serum-free medium without dexamethasone resulted in a 13- and 4-fold increase in
      EC peptide levels in sham and hypox glands, respectively. The addition of
      dexamethasone (10(-5) M) produced a 20- to 26-fold increase in EC peptides in
      sham and hypox glands. In serum free medium, hypox glands showed a concentration
      dependent increase in EC peptides with the ED50 for dexamethasone equal to 5.7 x
      10(-7) M. Since the glucocorticoid antagonist RU486 partially blocked the rise in
      EC peptides in sham glands, it appears that the increase in EC peptides in sham
      glands in the absence of dexamethasone is a result of a higher concentration of
      endogenous corticosterone in sham compared to hypox glands. Dexamethasone
      resulted in a 6-fold increase in preproenkephalin mRNA in hypox glands cultured
      for 2 days. This increase was approximately proportional to the increase in EC
      peptides seen at 4 days. In serum free medium progesterone, testosterone, and
      deoxycorticosterone failed to increase EC peptides in hypox glands. These results
      indicate that glucocorticoid treatment is required for maximal proenkephalin gene
      expression and EC peptide biosynthesis in cultured glands.

PMID- 3412329
TI  - A newly characterized group of anti-phosphocholine antibodies: group III
      antibodies.
AB  - Four anti-phosphocholine (PC) monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) are described that can
      be clearly distinguished from group I and II anti-PC antibodies [Chang et al.
      (1982) J. Immun. 128, 702-706]. They bind optimally and suboptimally PC-histone
      coated ELISA plates equally well, in contrast to group I and II MAbs which bind
      much less well to suboptimally coated plates. On optimally coated plates their
      fine specificity for PC analogues is group II-like, whereas on suboptimally
      coated plates it is group I-like; group I and II MAbs each maintain their own
      characteristic fine specificity patterns on either type of plate. At the
      molecular level, all four MAbs utilize VK24 light chains and share a 5.2 kb
      rearranged band in Southern blot analysis (using a JH probe and EcoRI restricted
      DNA). The term "group III" is proposed to define and distinguish these anti-PC
      antibodies.

PMID- 3412330
TI  - H-2K molecules have two different C-termini, one of which is K-region specific.
AB  - Amino acid sequences encoded by exon 8 of the H-2K and H-2D/L genes appear to be
      locus specific. The majority of H-2Kb molecules contain 10 amino acids that are
      derived from exon 8. In contrast, the H-2Db, -Dd and -Ld molecules contain only
      one amino acid which is encoded by exon 8, even though the genetic information
      exists to encode 10 amino acids analogous to those encoded by the majority of H
      2Kb transcripts. We have produced a rabbit anti-peptide serum reactive with the
      exon 8 encoded sequence of H-2Kb (alpha K-C) that specifically immunoprecipitates
      a molecule of 45 K mol. wt from spleen cell lysates of b, d, p, q and k haplotype
      mice. Further analysis by Western blots indicated that virtually all mouse
      strains express a 45 K protein reactive with alpha K-C. In sequential
      immunoprecipitations of spleen cell lysates from b, q, p and d haplotype mice
      using alpha K-C followed by H-2K or H-2D private specificity alloantisera, the
      anti-peptide serum removed nearly all of the molecules reactive with the anti-H
      2K alloantisera (except in the k haplotype) and none of the molecules reactive
      with the anti-H-2D serum. In addition, no D-region molecules possessing a long C
      terminal sequence were detected with an antiserum directed against a
      representative D-region long C-terminal peptide. We conclude that even though the
      genetic information for an extended exon 8 exists in K, D and L locus genes,
      apparently only K-region molecules are expressed with such a C-terminus.
      Furthermore, in most haplotypes the great majority of H-2K molecules are produced
      using long exon 8; however, H-2Kk is produced mostly from short exon 8. The
      absence or presence of key adenosine residues is predicted to be responsible for
      the variability in class I exon 8 splicing.

PMID- 3412331
TI  - Protein A vectorized toxins--II. Preparation and "in vitro" cytotoxic effect of
      protein A-ricin A chain conjugate on antibody coated human tumour cells.
AB  - Protein A of Staphylococcus aureus was covalently bound to reduced ricin A chain
      toxin by N-succinimidyl 3-(2-pyridyldithio)propionate. The conjugate consisting
      mainly of one molecule of protein A bound to two molecules of A chains (Mr
      107,000) was purified by tandem affinity chromatography on ConA-Sepharose 4B and
      IgG-Sepharose 4B. The purified protein A-A chain conjugate was able to bind and
      kill human lymphoma cells coated either with monoclonal mouse IgG2a anti-kappa
      antibody or with polyclonal rabbit anti-kappa antibody. The cytotoxic activity of
      protein A-A chain conjugate in conjunction with either mouse or rabbit anti-kappa
      antibodies was 10 times higher than that of rabbit IgG anti-mouse IgG coupled
      with A chain on Daudi cells coated with mouse anti-kappa antibody and 100 times
      higher than that of rabbit anti-kappa antibody coupled with A chain on non-coated
      Daudi cells. The cytotoxic effect of protein A-A chain conjugate on antibody
      coated Daudi cells (9 x 10(-12) M) was comparable with that of ricin toxin on non
      coated Daudi cells (2 x 10(-12) M). The results recommend the use of protein A
      ricin A chain toxin conjugate as a unique specific toxin for the "in vitro"
      killing of antibody-coated target cells.

PMID- 3412333
TI  - Control of cell proliferation and differentiation during regeneration.

PMID- 3412332
TI  - Binding and activation of C4 and C3 on the red cell surface by non-complement
      enzymes.
AB  - We investigated the binding of C4 and C3 to red cell surfaces by non-complement
      enzymes. Cell bound C components were quantitated by a radioimmunoassay, the
      chain structure of bound components was analyzed by Western blotting and the
      hemolytic activity of bound components was determined. Trypsin, chymotrypsin,
      plasmin, elastase, thrombin, kallikrein and enzymes from Bacillus subtilis,
      Staphylococcus aureus and Streptomyces griseus all were found capable of binding
      C4b and C3b to sheep red cells. C4b bound by any of these enzymes was
      hemolytically active; both classical and alternate pathway activity of C3 could
      be demonstrated for most enzymes except plasmin and thrombin. In addition,
      trypsin and the bacterial enzymes were also able to generate the classical
      pathway C3-convertase from C4b + C2. The hemolytic efficiency of enzyme bound C4b
      and C3b was about the same as for these molecules bound by complement enzymes. In
      contrast, the process of binding by the non-complement enzymes was several
      hundred-fold less efficient than by cell bound complement enzymes. The results
      demonstrate that several enzymes can replace the C1 and C42 enzymes in the
      classical pathway and are able to initiate the alternative pathway by activating
      C3 and binding C3b to the cell surface.

PMID- 3412334
TI  - Control of blastema cell proliferation during axolotl limb regeneration: in vitro
      cell culture study.

PMID- 3412335
TI  - Reorganization of identified neurons during the metamorphosis of the meal beetle-
      aspects for an analysis of neuronal regeneration.

PMID- 3412336
TI  - South American gymnotiform fishes as model animals for regeneration experiments?

PMID- 3412337
TI  - Variety of regenerative responses of different proximo-distal limb segments of
      young and advanced Rana breviceps tadpoles treated with vitamin A after
      amputation.

PMID- 3412338
TI  - Influence of vitamin A on proximal and distal blastemata of Triturus alpestris--a
      morphological and cytophotometrical study.

PMID- 3412340
TI  - Protein synthesis in the mesodermal tissue of forelimb regenerates of Triturus
      vulgaris: an autoradiographic study.

PMID- 3412339
TI  - Cellular contribution of stump and transplanted blastema to supernumerary limb in
      Pleurodeles.

PMID- 3412341
TI  - Intercalary regeneration in the different hindlimb stages of Triturus alpestris
      larvae.

PMID- 3412342
TI  - Intercalary regeneration in postmetamorphic forelimbs of Triturus alpestris.

PMID- 3412343
TI  - Intercalary limb regeneration after auto- and xenoplastic grafting of mature
      autopodia at the stylopodial stump in larval Salamandra salamandra and Ambystoma
      mexicanum.

PMID- 3412345
TI  - Developmental capacities of regenerating halves of male genital imaginal discs in
      Ephestia kuehniella Z. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae).

PMID- 3412344
TI  - Digit regeneration in the hindlimbs of larval stages of xenopus laevis (Daudin).

PMID- 3412346
TI  - Postembryonic determination and plasticity in the auditory receptor system of
      Locusta migratoria.

PMID- 3412347
TI  - Cell proliferation and pattern formation during trauma-induced anterior
      regeneration of Owenia fusiformis (Polychaete Annelid).

PMID- 3412348
TI  - Transgeneration as an alternative to regeneration in heterotopically
      reconstructed Lineus.

PMID- 3412349
TI  - The handling of half-thickness pieces in planarians: preliminary results.

PMID- 3412350
TI  - In vitro studies of the effects of chloramphenicol on larval Ambystoma tail
      regeneration.

PMID- 3412351
TI  - Satellite cell densities in neuromuscular mutants of the mouse: lack of
      correlation with fiber degeneration.

PMID- 3412352
TI  - In vitro proliferation and differentiation of larval and adult urodele myogenic
      cells.

PMID- 3412353
TI  - Influence of temperature on speed of nerve regeneration and on the quality of
      reestablished muscle function in frogs.

PMID- 3412354
TI  - Effects of forelimb amputation on protein synthesis in spinal cord of the
      axolotl.

PMID- 3412355
TI  - Change in the level of free amino acids in the regenerating limb of Ambystoma
      mexicanum.

PMID- 3412356
TI  - Restitution of spinal ganglia during tail regeneration in Triturus.

PMID- 3412357
TI  - Recognition by monoclonal antibody CB02 of a surface molecule shared by B
      lymphocytes and a discrete large granular lymphocyte subset with cytotoxic
      activity.
AB  - Here we present the characterization of a new antigen called CB02 which is
      present on B cells and on a subset of CD16+ large granular lymphocytes. The
      pattern of reactivity of this molecule on normal cells, B cell lines, leukemic
      cells and tissue sections suggests that the CB02 molecule is expressed by B cells
      before isotype switch and is lost during terminal differentiation. Furthermore,
      the CB02+ population encompassed natural killer (NK) cells exerting significant
      cytotoxic activity: in fact, peripheral blood lymphocytes depleted of the CB02+
      subset display a marked reduction in NK activity.

PMID- 3412358
TI  - Human influenza viral neuraminidases augment cell-mediated cytotoxicity in vitro.
AB  - Previously, we reported that influenza virus-induced cell-mediated cytotoxicity
      (CMC) was largely due to its glycoproteins, hemagglutinin and neuraminidase (NA).
      These observations were based on the use of a single influenza virus strain, the
      A/Port Chalmers/3/73 (H3N2), and these were considered insufficient to generalize
      that all human influenza virus NAs augment CMC. Therefore, antigenically
      different NAs of human influenza strains were used to study whether (a) all NAs
      possess the potential to stimulate NK activity and (b) does the enzymatic
      activity of NA play a role in the CMC stimulation. Biologically active
      preparations of N1 subtype NA (A/USSR/90/77 (H1N1) and N2 subtype NAs
      (A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2) and A/Port Chalmers) were evaluated for NK activity
      stimulation in an overnight radiolabeled chromium-release assay consisting of
      human peripheral blood lymphocytes and K562 target cells. The level of CMC
      stimulation was the same at equivalent protein concentrations with all the NAs
      tested. The addition of homologous NA-monospecific antibody almost completely
      reduced the CMC stimulation, while the addition of homosubtypic antibody reduced
      the CMC by 56-75%. However, in the presence of heterosubtypic monospecific
      antibody, NA-augmented CMC was reduced by 27-47% in most experiments. The results
      suggest that the CMC stimulation site is probably the same in all NAs tested.
      This putative site is thermo-resistant and is independent of the conformational
      change of the NA molecule. Furthermore, it is distinct from the enzymatic and
      probably from the antigenic sites.

PMID- 3412359
TI  - [Mapping of the locus encoding the bacteriocinogenicity trait in Erwinia
      chrysanthemi ENA49].
AB  - The bacteria Erwinia chrysanthemi ENA49 have been found to produce bacteriocin
      that is similar in structure to the tail fibers of bacteriophages and suppressing
      viability of a number of Erwinia, Pseudomonas and Xanthomonas strains. Genetic
      control of bacteriocin synthesis is determined by the determinants localized on
      the 68 min of chromosomal genetic map.

PMID- 3412360
TI  - [RNA-protein contacts in Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus detected after UV
      irradiation].

PMID- 3412361
TI  - [Kinetics of protein degradation in diploid and trisomic human fibroblasts].
AB  - The degradation rate of long-lived and short-lived proteins was determined in
      diploid fibroblasts and fibroblasts with trisomy 7 derived from human embryos.
      Two fractions of proteins were detected in the exponentially growing diploid
      fibroblasts with half-lives (T 1/2) 37 and 19 hours. The rate of protein
      degradation increases in diploid fibroblasts as they approach confluence and
      protein fractions with T 1/2 30, 18 and 12 hours appear. The rate of protein
      degradation in trisomic fibroblasts does not change for the long-lived and short
      lived proteins and is the same in both exponential (T 1/2 31 and 14 hours) and
      stationary phase (T 1/2 33 and 17 hours). The relative amount of the short-lived
      proteins in trisomic fibroblasts in the stationary phase decreased as compared
      with the one in diploid fibroblasts. It is apparent that a mechanism of
      regulation of protein catabolism in trisomic fibroblasts is impaired.

PMID- 3412362
TI  - Survival and mutagenic responses of mitomycin C-sensitive mouse lymphoma cell
      mutants to other DNA cross-linking agents.
AB  - Mitomycin C-sensitive mutants MCN 151 (complementation group I) and MCE 50
      (complementation group II) derived from mouse lymphoma L5178Y cells were found to
      be also highly sensitive to the lethal effects of other DNA cross-linking agents,
      such as photoaddition of 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) and cis
      diamminedichloroplatinum II (cis-DDP). They were less sensitive to the
      monofunctional derivative 3-carbethoxypsoralen (3-CPs) and to trans-DDP to trans
      DDP than their bifunctional counterparts. Incorporation levels of labeled 8-MOP
      or 3-CPs in wild-type cells and 2 mutants were almost the same, indicating that
      the sensitivity is not caused by differential incorporation of the agents. The
      rates of photoinduced mutations to 6-thioguanine resistance in the mutants, per
      unit dose of 8-MOP, were about 4 times higher for MCN 151 and 3 times higher for
      MCE 50 than that in L5178Y cells. However, the rates of induced mutations per
      viable cells in the mutants were nearly equal to those in wild-type cells. Cross
      link repair was compared between mutants and wild-type cells by using the
      alkaline sucrose-gradient sedimentation technique. The results show that normal
      cells and both mutants are able to incise the cross-linked DNA, which is the
      first step of cross-link repair.

PMID- 3412364
TI  - Identification of a new seventh complementation group of UV-sensitive mutants in
      Chinese hamster cells.
AB  - The UV-sensitive mutant V-B11, isolated from the V79 Chinese hamster cell line
      (Zdzienicka and Simons, 1987) was further characterized. V-B11 has a slightly
      increased cross-sensitivity to 3me4NQO, whereas no increased sensitivity towards
      4NQO was observed. A slightly increased sensitivity towards EMS and MMS was also
      found. The mutant shows a defect in the ability to perform the incision step of
      nucleotide-excision repair after UV irradiation: 2 h after UV exposure, the
      accumulation of incision breaks in V-B11, in the presence of HU and araC, was
      about 30% of that found in wild-type V79 cells. V-B11 was crossed to a panel of 6
      UV-sensitive Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, which represents all the
      previously identified 6 complementation groups of UV-sensitive Chinese hamster
      mutants. Since in all crosses complementation has been observed, V-B11 appears to
      be the first mutant of a new, 7th, complementation group.

PMID- 3412363
TI  - Excision repair of pyrimidine dimers in human peripheral blood lymphocytes:
      comparison between mitogen stimulated and unstimulated cells.
AB  - Excision repair kinetics of UV-induced pyrimidine dimers in DNA of
      phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated human peripheral blood lymphocytes were
      compared to unstimulated lymphocytes using a dimer-specific endonuclease from
      Micrococcus luteus in conjunction with agarose gel electrophoresis. Removal of
      pyrimidine dimers could be detected within 6 h after irradiation only in PHA
      stimulated lymphocytes. However, incorporation of [3H]thymidine as UV-induced
      unscheduled DNA synthesis was detected in the unstimulated lymphocytes in the 6-h
      period. The number of pyrimidine dimers remaining in unstimulated lymphocytes was
      approximately 85% after 24 h as compared to less than 25% in stimulated cells.

PMID- 3412365
TI  - Radiation-induced recovery processes in cultured marsupial cells.
AB  - The ultraviolet sensitivity of Potorous tridactylus male kidney (PtK-2) cells is
      markedly increased by post irradiation treatment for 24 h with 5 microM emetine
      (which inhibits protein synthesis by acting on the 40S ribosomal subunit), or
      with 5 microM cycloheximide (which inhibits by interaction with the 60S subunit),
      or with the RNA polymerase II inhibitor 5,6-dichloro-1-beta
      ribofuranosylbenzimidazole at 50 microM. All 3 treatments give the same
      sensitivity, while unirradiated cells are little affected. Shortening the time of
      treatment, or delaying application of the drugs decreases their effect on the
      same time schedule. Preiirradiation of cells, with no drug treatment in the
      following 8 h, diminishes the sensitivity to a subsequent irradiation with
      protein synthesis blocked afterwards. Photoreactivation immediately following
      such preirradiation eliminates its desensitizing effect. Inhibiting protein
      synthesis after irradiation also markedly reduces the frequency of UV-induced
      mutants in the surviving population. These facts suggest that gene expression in
      the period following irradiation facilitates recovery from radiation damage, with
      an increased probability of mutation, reminiscent of the "SOS response" in
      Escherichia coli.

PMID- 3412366
TI  - Repair of DNA single-strand and double-strand breaks in the Chinese hamster xrs 5
      mutant cell line as determined by DNA unwinding.
AB  - The DNA unwinding technique has been used to measure the induction and repair of
      DNA strand breaks by X-rays in the X-ray-sensitive (xrs 5) mutant and its parent
      CHO K1 line of Chinese hamster cells. Results show that frequency of induction of
      DNA strand breaks was the same for both cell lines. The repair of single-strand
      breaks was found to be slightly slower in xrs 5 over the first 20 min after X-ray
      exposure, but the level of repair of ssb reached after an incubation of 1h
      following X-ray exposure in xrs 5 was the same as in CHO K1. Our results also
      show that the rate of repair of DNA double-strand breaks in xrs 5 cells was
      clearly slower than that in CHO K1, supporting the conclusion of Kemp et al.
      (1984) who used the neutral elution technique, that xrs 5 is defective in the
      repair pathway of DNA double-strand breaks.

PMID- 3412367
TI  - Series: 'Current issues in mutagenesis and carcinogenesis'. No. 11. Reference to
      unpublished data in review articles.

PMID- 3412368
TI  - Chromosomal aberrations and sister-chromatid exchanges in lymphocytes from coke
      oven workers.
AB  - To test whether coke oven workers, an occupational group known to be at increased
      cancer risk, manifest increased peripheral blood chromosomal aberration
      frequencies, we obtained samples from a group of 30 steelworker volunteers, who
      had worked several years at coke oven jobs. Exposure estimates were made using
      measurements of work place atmospheric coal tar pitch volatiles and work
      histories. No statistically significant positive regression of chromosomal
      aberrations on exposure estimates was found. The data from the coke oven workers
      were also compared with the obtained concurrently and employing precisely the
      same laboratory protocol from a group of male Brookhaven National Laboratory
      employees. The coke oven workers as a group were found to have statistically
      significantly elevated frequencies of chromatid aberrations and of sister
      chromatid exchanges.

PMID- 3412369
TI  - The efficient preparation of corn oil solutions.

PMID- 3412370
TI  - In vitro studies of the biological effects of cigarette smoke condensate. III.
      Induction of SCE by some phenolic and related constituents derived from cigarette
      smoke. A study of structure-activity relationships.
AB  - Since our earlier studies of 23 individual weakly acidic constituents of
      cigarette smoke indicated that benzenes having vicinal oxygenation or a
      conjugated double bond induce sister-chromatid exchanges (SCE), we have now
      selected and examined a complementary set of 27 smoke constituents for their SCE
      inducing properties. Of the 50 compounds tested in all, 23 were found to induce
      SCE, and these include all benzaldehydes but one and the majority of the
      compounds having a conjugated carbon-carbon double bond as well as several of the
      guaiacols. These groups of active compounds comprise important flavourants such
      as vanillin, ethylvanillin, isoeugenol and guaiacol. The structure-activity
      relationships encountered here may be useful in predicting the SCE-inducing
      activity of related compounds.

PMID- 3412371
TI  - Relation of changes in amount and type of dietary fat to fecapentaenes in
      premenopausal women.
AB  - Correlation studies suggest that fecal mutagenicity is increased in groups eating
      high-fat diets, the same groups who are often found to have high colorectal
      cancer incidence and mortality. The fecapentaenes are the best characterized
      class of fecal mutagens, but the relationship of dietary fat intake to the
      excretion of these potent genotoxins is unknown. We studied the effect of changes
      in amount and type of dietary fat on fecapentaene levels in 31 premenopausal
      women 20-40 years of age who participated in a controlled feeding study. After a
      pre-diet free-living period lasting 1 menstrual cycle, women were placed on a
      high-fat (40% energy from fat) diet for 4 menstrual cycles and then switched to a
      low-fat (20% energy from fat) diet for an additional 4 menstrual cycles. One-half
      the subjects were maintained throughout the study at a ratio of polyunsaturated
      to-saturated fatty acids (P/S ratio) of 1.0, the other half at 0.3; body weight
      was constant. All meals during the controlled diet periods were prepared at the
      Human Study Facility of the Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center.
      Fecapentaene and fecapentaene precursor levels were measured in acetone extracts
      from 3-day pooled stool samples collected during the study. No differences in
      fecapentaene or precursor levels were observed between the high- and low-fat
      diets at either P/S ratio. Fecapentaene and precursor levels were higher while on
      controlled diets than during the pre-diet free-living period, and levels declined
      again in the post-diet free-living period. We conclude that dietary fat has no
      significant effect on fecapentaene or precursor levels in acetone extracts of
      stool in premenopausal women. The effect of other dietary or non-dietary factors
      on fecapentaenes remains unknown.

PMID- 3412373
TI  - Sister-chromatid exchanges induced by triethylenemelamine: in vivo and in vivo/in
      vitro studies in mouse and Chinese hamster bone marrow and spleen cells.
AB  - This study was designed to obtain sister-chromatid exchange (SCE) frequencies in
      bone marrow and spleen cells of mice and Chinese hamsters under in vivo and in
      vivo/in vitro systems following treatment of animals with varying doses (15-405
      micrograms/kg) of triethylenemelamine (TEM). A dose-related SCE response was
      found in both species, tissues, and systems analyzed following TEM treatment. In
      vivo, similar responses were noted for both tissues in both species. However, in
      vivo/in vitro, the response was lower than in vivo and it varied with the tissue.
      The spleen cells were more sensitive and gave higher numbers of SCEs than bone
      marrow of both species at the two highest doses tested (135 and 405
      micrograms/kg). These differences may be attributed to cell-culturing effects,
      type of cells analyzed, species and tissue specificities, and pharmacokinetic
      properties of the chemical. This study lends support to recently established in
      vivo/in vitro cell culture methodologies employing mice and Chinese hamsters for
      comparative cytogenetic analysis.

PMID- 3412372
TI  - Some studies on the DNA-repair-eliciting and genotoxic activity of cell-free
      extracts of Lactobacillus bifidus.
AB  - Cell-free extracts of Lactobacillus bifidus have been reported as possessing DNA
      repair-eliciting properties in UV-irradiated human cells, and suggestions have
      been made that these extracts could be used to protect human skin cells from DNA
      damaging effects induced by natural UV light. In view of the importance of these
      findings, and because extracts of other bifidobacteriae had previously been shown
      to possess genotoxic activity in bacterial systems, it seemed appropriate to
      perform some experiments aimed at evaluating the ability of cell-free extracts of
      L. bifidus, as well as the bacterial suspension medium, to modulate DNA repair
      and/or to exert potentially adverse genotoxic effects in a variety of mammalian
      cells in culture. Chinese hamster cells, human fibroblasts, and human lymphocytes
      were used to evaluate the influence of the extract on the repair of UV-damaged
      DNA and on several biological effects (cell cycle progression, cell killing,
      chromosomal aberrations, and sister-chromatid exchanges) induced by DNA-damaging
      agents. The results show that neither the extract nor the suspension have any
      influence on DNA repair or other biological endpoints induced by UV and other DNA
      damaging agents. In conclusion, the present findings do not indicate that cell
      free extracts of L. bifidus specifically promote the repair of UV-damaged DNA in
      human cells. Neither do they indicate that these extracts have a promoting
      activity on UV-induced (misrepair) mutagenesis in mammalian cells. Finally, the
      present experiments indicate that the L. bifidus extracts used in our experiments
      are devoid of any direct mutagenic and/or genotoxic activity in mammalian cells.

PMID- 3412374
TI  - Comparison of the properties of tubulin from Nippostrongylus brasiliensis with
      mammalian brain tubulin.
AB  - Tubulin was estimated to account for 16.3% and 0.25% of protein in rat brain and
      Nippostrongylus brasiliensis supernatants, respectively. Tubulin from N.
      brasiliensis and rat brain have been partially purified using polylysine agarose
      chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography on a gel permeation
      column. Western blots with alpha- and beta-tubulin monoclonal antibodies
      confirmed the presence of tubulin in different fractions. The mobility of N.
      brasiliensis tubulin on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
      was similar to that of rat brain tubulin. The isoelectric range for N.
      brasiliensis alpha- and beta-tubulin isoforms was pH 5.4-4.8 and pH 4.8-4.7,
      respectively. However, for rat brain the corresponding ranges were pH 5.4-4.9 and
      pH 5.0-4.6, respectively. Western blots with anti-tubulin monoclonal antibodies
      revealed 8 isoforms of alpha-tubulin and 3 isoforms of beta-tubulin for N.
      brasiliensis and 14-15 and 7-8 isoforms for rat brain alpha- and beta-tubulins,
      respectively. Different peptide maps were obtained for N. brasiliensis tubulin
      compared with rat brain tubulin.

PMID- 3412375
TI  - Proteinase inhibitors protect Leishmania amazonensis amastigotes from destruction
      by amino acid esters.
AB  - Lysosomotropic amino acid esters and amides kill Leishmania amazonensis
      amastigotes by a mechanism which probably involves enzymatic hydrolysis of the
      compounds and rapid accumulation of less permeant amino acid within the
      parasites. We show here that, in agreement with this model, the proteinase
      inhibitors antipain and chymostatin prevented the killing of intracellular and
      isolated parasites by L-leucine methyl ester (Leu-OMe). Survival of Leishmania
      within macrophages was assessed microscopically, and that of isolated amastigotes
      was measured by tetrazolium (MTT) reduction. Near maximal protection of
      intracellular parasites was obtained after 24 h incubation of macrophage cultures
      with 50 micrograms ml-1 antipain or chymostatin. Incubation for greater than 1 h
      with chymostatin or greater than 4 h with antipain alone resulted in loss of
      viability of the parasites. Protective activity was only slightly diminished by
      20 h chase of isolated parasites in inhibitor-free medium. Two synthetic
      chymostatin analogues, Z-Val-Phe-Sc and Z-Ile-Phe-Sc, protected isolated
      amastigotes at 4 or 10 micrograms ml-1. With the exception of Trp-NH2, the
      toxicity of which was only minimally inhibited, antipain and chymostatin also
      prevented parasite destruction by other amino acid derivatives. Finally, in
      concentration-dependent fashion, the inhibitors reduced the accumulation of
      [3H]leucine in isolated amastigotes incubated with [3H]Leu-OMe. Since uptake of
      labelled ester was unaffected, we postulate that protection involves inhibition
      of the parasite enzymes which hydrolyse the amino acid derivatives.

PMID- 3412376
TI  - Chitinase in female Onchocerca gibsoni and its inhibition by allosamidin.
AB  - Chitinase activity has been detected in female worms of Onchocerca gibsoni. With
      3,4-dinitrophenyl-tetra-N-acetylchitotetraoside as substrate 50% of maximum
      activity was achieved at about 25 microM substrate, with inhibition above 50
      microM substrate. The antibiotic allosamidin very strongly inhibited the
      chitinase activity, 50% inhibition being achieved by 200 pM allosamidin in the
      presence of 45 microM substrate.

PMID- 3412377
TI  - The alpha- and beta-tubulins of Toxoplasma gondii are encoded by single copy
      genes containing multiple introns.
AB  - We have studied the fundamentals of gene expression in the protozoan parasite
      Toxoplasma gondii by analyzing, in detail, the genes encoding alpha- and beta
      tubulin. Southern analysis and quantitation studies reveal that, unlike in other
      organisms studied thus far, both these genes are present as single copies in the
      haploid Toxoplasma genome. Sequencing of these genes indicates that they both
      contain multiple introns with conserved 5' and 3' splice site signals. We have
      found that HeLa cell nuclear extracts are able to accurately splice a Toxoplasma
      pre-mRNA construct. We have mapped, for the alpha-tubulin gene, the exact site of
      transcription initiation and the approximate site of poly A addition by primer
      extension and RNase protection assays. Trans-splicing, as demonstrated in the
      Kinetoplastida, is not involved in the formation of the mature alpha-tubulin
      transcript in T. gondii.

PMID- 3412378
TI  - The spectrum of renal disease in Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome.
AB  - To determine the nature, extent, and severity of renal involvement in Laurence
      Moon-Biedl syndrome (obesity, mental retardation, polydactyly, hypogonadism, and
      pigmented retinal dystrophy), we evaluated 20 of 30 patients with the disorder
      identified from ophthalmologic records in Newfoundland. The mean age was 31
      years, and seven were male. All 20 patients had structural or functional
      abnormalities of the kidneys or both. Three had end-stage renal disease, with two
      requiring maintenance hemodialysis. The remaining 17 patients had normal serum
      creatinine values and estimated creatinine clearances. Half the subjects had
      hypertension. Fourteen of 17 patients could not concentrate urine above 750 mOsm
      per kilogram of body weight even after vasopressin, whereas all 10 normal
      controls could. Urinary pH decreased below 5.3 after ammonium chloride
      administration in all 15 normal controls, but in only 13 of 18 patients. Calyceal
      clubbing or blunting was evident in 18 of 19 patients studied by intravenous
      pyelography; 13 patients had calyceal cysts or diverticula. Seventeen of 19
      patients had lobulated renal outlines of the fetal type. Four patients had
      diffuse renal cortical loss, but only two of these had renal insufficiency. We
      conclude that Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome includes the presence of renal
      abnormalities.

PMID- 3412379
TI  - Diabetic control and fetal malformations.

PMID- 3412380
TI  - Cyclosporine in type I diabetes.

PMID- 3412381
TI  - HIV seroprevalence rate at the Boston City Hospital.

PMID- 3412382
TI  - Patterns of eye-hand dominance in baseball players.

PMID- 3412383
TI  - Use of the automatic external defibrillator in the management of out-of-hospital
      cardiac arrest.
AB  - The automatic external defibrillator is a simple device that can be used by
      nonprofessional rescuers to treat cardiac arrest. In 1287 consecutive patients
      with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, we assessed the results of initial treatment
      with this device by firefighters who arrived first at the scene, as compared with
      the results of standard defibrillation administered by paramedics who arrived
      slightly after the firefighters. Of 276 patients who were initially treated by
      firefighters using the automatic defibrillator, 84 (30 percent) survived to
      hospital discharge (expected rate according to a logistic model, 17 percent; P
      less than 0.001), as compared with 44 (19 percent) of 228 patients when fire
      fighters delivered only basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation and the first
      defibrillation was performed after the arrival of the paramedic team. Few
      patients with conditions other than ventricular fibrillation survived. In a
      multivariate analysis of characteristics that influenced survival after
      ventricular fibrillation, a better survival rate was related to a witnessed
      collapse (odds ratio, 3.9; 95 percent confidence interval, 2.0 to 7.6), younger
      age (odds ratio, 1.2; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.0 to 1.4), the presence
      of "coarse" (higher-amplitude) fibrillation (odds ratio, 4.2; 95 percent
      confidence interval, 1.6 to 11.0), a shorter response time for paramedics (odds
      ratio, 1.4; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.0 to 2.1), and initial treatment by
      firefighters using an automatic external defibrillator (odds ratio, 1.8; 95
      percent confidence interval, 1.1 to 2.9). These findings support the widespread
      use of the automatic external defibrillator as an important part of the treatment
      of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, although the overall impact of the use of this
      device on community survival rates is still uncertain.

PMID- 3412384
TI  - Alcohol consumption and withdrawal in new-onset seizures.
AB  - We studied alcohol use before the onset of a first seizure in 308 patients with
      seizures and 294 controls. The risk of seizures increased with increasing current
      alcohol use. For unprovoked seizures (i.e., seizures occurring without an
      antecedent event, such as a recent stroke), the adjusted odds ratios rose from 3
      fold at intakes of 51 to 100 g of ethanol per day (95 percent confidence limits,
      1.3 and 6.3), to 8-fold at 101 to 200 g per day (95 percent confidence limits,
      3.3 and 18.7), and to almost 20-fold at 201 to 300 g per day (95 percent
      confidence limits, 6.1 and 6.2). For provoked seizures, the odds ratios were
      lower and statistically significant only above 200 g per day (odds ratio, 10.1;
      95 percent confidence limits, 2.3 and 43.8 at 201 to 300 g per day; odds ratio,
      7.4; 95 percent confidence limits, 1.8 and 30.5 above 300 g per day). Among ex
      drinkers (abstention greater than or equal to 1 year), no increased risk was
      detected. Alcohol withdrawal was not associated with the onset of seizures in
      this study; 16 percent of first seizures in drinkers fell outside the
      conventionally defined withdrawal period, and the remainder exhibited a seemingly
      random timing after the last drink. We conclude that the relation of seizures to
      alcohol use is dose dependent and appears to be causal, and that seizures can be
      interpreted as a disorder induced by the ingestion of alcohol, independently of
      alcohol withdrawal.

PMID- 3412385
TI  - Acute rhabdomyolysis associated with cocaine intoxication.
AB  - Because an increasing number of patients were arriving at our emergency room with
      cocaine intoxication and rhabdomyolysis, we reviewed our experience with such
      patients. We identified 39 patients seen at our institution over an eight-year
      period with acute rhabdomyolysis after cocaine use. The patients' mean creatine
      kinase level was 12,187 U per liter (range, 1756 to 85,000). Thirteen of the 39
      patients (33 percent) had acute renal failure; 6 of them died. In comparison to
      the patients with normal renal function, those with renal failure were more often
      admitted with profound hypotension (46 vs. 4 percent; P less than 0.001),
      hyperpyrexia (69 vs. 15 percent; P less than 0.001), and markedly elevated serum
      creatine kinase levels (mean, 28,084 vs. 7931 U per liter; P less than 0.01).
      Disseminated intravascular coagulation developed in seven patients with renal
      failure. All six deaths were in this group. Severe hepatic dysfunction was found
      in 11 patients with renal failure. We conclude that cocaine intoxication can
      cause acute rhabdomyolysis with acute renal failure, severe liver dysfunction,
      and disseminated intravascular coagulation and that the mortality rate among
      patients with this syndrome is high.

PMID- 3412386
TI  - Impaired cholecystokinin secretion in bulimia nervosa.
AB  - Bulimia nervosa is a prevalent disorder of unknown cause, characterized by
      recurrent episodes of uncontrollable eating. In the light of recent evidence that
      the gastrointestinal hormone cholecystokinin induces satiety and reduces food
      intake in laboratory animals and humans, we investigated the hypothesis that
      abnormalities in cholecystokinin secretion and satiety may occur in patients with
      bulimia and contribute to their disturbed eating patterns. Blood levels of
      cholecystokinin and subjective satiety were measured in 14 women with bulimia and
      10 normal women before and after a mixed-liquid meal. The total integrated plasma
      cholecystokinin response to eating was significantly impaired in patients with
      bulimia (P less than 0.05) as was postprandial satiety. Fasting cholecystokinin
      levels were similar in both populations (approximately 0.8 pmol per liter). After
      eating, however, mean (+/- SEM) peak plasma cholecystokinin levels increased to
      4.1 +/- 0.9 pmol per liter in normal controls but to only 2.1 +/- 0.2 pmol per
      liter in patients with bulimia nervosa (P less than 0.05). After an open trial of
      tricyclic antidepressants in a subgroup of five patients with bulimia, the
      postprandial cholecystokinin response to eating increased significantly, to 6.6
      +/- 1.2 pmol per liter (P less than 0.05), and there was an increase in the
      satiety response. We conclude that patients with bulimia do not have normal
      satiety and have impaired secretion of cholecystokinin in response to a meal.
      Preliminary evidence suggests that both these abnormalities may be improved by
      treatment with tricyclic antidepressants.

PMID- 3412387
TI  - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological
      exercises. Case 37-1988. A 35-year-old woman with recurrent strokes, an
      intracardiac lesion, anemia, and thrombocytopenia.

PMID- 3412388
TI  - Automatic external defibrillators and sudden cardiac death.

PMID- 3412389
TI  - Alcohol and seizures.

PMID- 3412390
TI  - Bulimia nervosa--psyche and satiety.

PMID- 3412391
TI  - Looking at the training of house staff.

PMID- 3412392
TI  - In utero infection of an infant chimpanzee with HIV.

PMID- 3412393
TI  - Appropriateness of carotid endarterectomy.

PMID- 3412394
TI  - Case 11-1988.

PMID- 3412395
TI  - "Baby Doe" regulations.

PMID- 3412396
TI  - Lab-fraud anemia.

PMID- 3412397
TI  - Endoscopic demonstration of loss of duodenal folds in the diagnosis of celiac
      disease.
AB  - Among 873 patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for various
      reasons over a two-year period, four had a loss of Kerckring's folds in the
      descending duodenum. Endoscopic duodenal biopsy in all four patients revealed
      subtotal villous atrophy due to celiac disease. We undertook a prospective study
      to evaluate the extent to which this finding predicted celiac disease in 65
      consecutive patients referred for intestinal biopsy. Duodenal folds were absent
      or markedly decreased in 15 of 17 patients with subtotal villous atrophy and in 8
      of 48 patients with partial villous atrophy or normal duodenal mucosa, giving a
      sensitivity of 88 percent and a specificity of 83 percent for this endoscopic
      finding with respect to celiac disease. We recommend that all patients undergoing
      upper gastrointestinal endoscopy be examined for the loss or reduction of
      duodenal folds and, should this be found, that the examination include duodenal
      biopsy. The value of this procedure as an aid in the diagnosis of celiac disease
      should be particularly great in patients with minimal, transient, or unrelated
      symptoms.

PMID- 3412398
TI  - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological
      exercises. Case 38-1988. A 58-year-old woman with fever, sweats, congestive heart
      failure, and lymphadenopathy after treatment for a diagnosis of systemic lupus
      erythematosus.

PMID- 3412401
TI  - The pressure to keep prices high at a walk-in clinic. A personal experience.

PMID- 3412399
TI  - Extending the scope in celiac disease.

PMID- 3412400
TI  - Salaried physicians and economic incentives.

PMID- 3412403
TI  - Premature death in adult adoptees.

PMID- 3412402
TI  - Hired Help. A physician's experiences in a for-profit staff-model HMO.

PMID- 3412404
TI  - Local and systemic factors in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis.

PMID- 3412405
TI  - Relation between measured and recalled body height.

PMID- 3412406
TI  - Physical therapy for cerebral palsy.

PMID- 3412407
TI  - Anti-influenza viral activity of aspirin in cell culture.

PMID- 3412408
TI  - Costs of drug advertising.

PMID- 3412409
TI  - School enrollment-based family health insurance.

PMID- 3412410
TI  - Academic promotion at a medical school.

PMID- 3412411
TI  - The aspirin-heart study and the Journal's embargo policy.

PMID- 3412412
TI  - Japan's medical care system.

PMID- 3412413
TI  - Prevalence, morphologic types, and evolution of cardiac valvular disease in
      systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - We performed echocardiography prospectively 4.9 +/- 0.7 years apart (mean +/-
      SD), in 74 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. On the basis of the first
      study, the patients were distributed in four groups according to the type of
      valvular involvement: 7 patients had vegetations (Libman-Sacks endocarditis;
      group 1); 6 patients had rigid and thickened valves with stenosis, regurgitation,
      or both (group 2); 5 patients had miscellaneous forms of valvular involvement
      without valvular dysfunction (group 3), as did the 60 controls; and 56 patients
      had no valvular disease (group 4). The overall prevalence of clinically important
      valvular disease (groups 1 and 2) was 18 percent. Patients in group 1 were
      younger than those in group 2 (33.5 +/- 16.7 vs. 47.8 +/- 17.6 years; P less than
      0.05), had a shorter mean duration of lupus (4.8 +/- 2.2 vs. 10.7 +/- 6.4 years;
      P less than 0.001), and had received a smaller cumulative dose of steroids (21.5
      +/- 13.1 vs. 79.5 +/- 63.4 g of methylprednisolone or its equivalent; P less than
      0.05). During the five-year follow-up, one patient in group 1 and five in group 2
      required valve surgery, no patient in group 3 had valvular dysfunction, and five
      patients in group 4 had mild valvular lesions. We conclude that clinically
      important valvular involvement in systemic lupus is relatively frequent and
      sometimes requires surgery. Echocardiography can identify a subset of lesions
      (valvular thickening and dysfunction), other than verrucous (Libman-Sacks)
      endocarditis, that are prone to hemodynamic deterioration.

PMID- 3412415
TI  - Lupus carditis.

PMID- 3412414
TI  - Estimating physicians' work for a resource-based relative-value scale.
AB  - We have developed a resource-based relative-value scale as an alternative to the
      system of payment based on charges for physicians' services. Resource inputs by
      physicians include (1) total work input performed by the physician for each
      service; (2) practice costs, including malpractice premiums; and (3) the cost of
      specialty training. These factors were combined to produce a relative-value scale
      denominated in nonmonetary units. We describe here the process by which the
      physician's work was defined and estimated. The study asked two questions: What
      is the physician's work for each service performed? and Can work be estimated
      reliably and validly? We concluded that a physician's work has four major
      dimensions: time, mental effort and judgment, technical skill and physical
      effort, and psychological stress. We found that physicians can rate the relative
      amount of work of the services within their specialty directly, taking into
      account all the dimensions of work. Moreover, these ratings are highly
      reproducible, consistent, and therefore probably valid.

PMID- 3412416
TI  - Dietary therapy for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 3412417
TI  - Speaking, stress, and the induction of myocardial ischemia.

PMID- 3412418
TI  - Carcinoma of the urinary bladder after treatment with cyclophosphamide.

PMID- 3412419
TI  - Discontinuing antiepileptic drugs.

PMID- 3412420
TI  - Sodium intake from smokeless tobacco.

PMID- 3412421
TI  - Carbon monoxide poisoning presenting as polycythemia.

PMID- 3412422
TI  - Influence of selected sugars and temperature on fatty acids composition in
      Candida tropicalis.
AB  - Temperature, mono- and disaccharides affected lipids, biomass production as well
      as odd-chain and unsaturated fatty acids contents of Candida tropicalis. With
      various sugars as carbon sources at 30 degrees C, the order for biomass
      production was, galactose greater than glucose greater than sucrose greater than
      fructose greater than lactose, while lipids production/g biomass decreased as
      follows: galactose, glucose, sucrose, fructose and lactose. On the other hand,
      the odd-chain fatty acids contents decreased in the following order: fructose,
      sucrose, glucose and lactose. Lowering the temperature of cultivation to 15
      degrees C, decreased biomass and lipids production. However, a notable decrease
      in odd-chain fatty acids contents was detected.

PMID- 3412423
TI  - Reactions of oxidized lipids with protein. Part 15. Mechanism of lipoprotein
      formation from interactions of oxidized ethyl linoleate with egg albumin.
AB  - During the reaction of oxidized ethyl linoleate with egg albumin in dry medium at
      60 degrees C, hydroperoxides were rapidly decomposed almost completely, while
      carbonylic anisidine-active and thiobarbituric-acid-active substances were
      decomposed rapidly in the beginning and only slowly afterwards. Both
      hydroperoxides and carbonylic oxidation products were substantially more stable
      in mixtures with cellulose than with albumin. Hydrogen-bonded lipoproteins were
      rapidly formed, passed through a maximum, and remained nearly constant in the
      last reaction stage. Covalently bonded lipids in lipoproteins were mainly formed
      in the stage following the rapid decomposition of hydroperoxides and carbonylic
      compounds, and immediately following the decrease of hydrogen-bonded
      lipoproteins. The binding of oxidized lipids into lipoproteins was accompanied by
      the formation of protein oligomers and by the loss of available lysine.

PMID- 3412424
TI  - Analysis of herbicide residues in sugar beet and sugar.
AB  - A simple quantitative TLC method for the determination of the residues of
      herbicide inhibiting photosynthesis was compared with capillary GLC for the
      analysis of atrazine, chloridazone, lenacil, phenmedipham and desmedipham in
      sugar beet and sugar. No significant differences in the determination limit and
      precision of the two methods were found. Monitoring of herbicide residue levels
      in commercial sugar revealed low levels of atrazine (0.003 mg.kg-1 on average) in
      all the samples. This contamination level does not present a health hazard
      consumers.

PMID- 3412425
TI  - Oxidation stability and fatty acid composition of selected storage and structural
      lipids: influence of different high fat diet compositions.
AB  - The oxidation stability of storage lipids from adipose tissue and of structural
      lipids from liver was compared to the coefficients of oxidizability of the pure
      fat used: lard (L); lard + sunflower oil 2:1 (LS); butter (B) and partially
      hydrogenated oil (H). The oxidation stability of the corresponding high-fat
      dietary regimens (50 energy-%) was also investigated. The experimental groups L,
      LS, B and H were compared to the control group (C) fed low-fat laboratory pellet
      food. The coefficients of oxidizability were calculated from the fatty-acid
      composition of the used pure fats. The oxidation stability was performed in
      condition of accelerated oxidation under kinetic regimen, assaying the peroxide
      concentration in appropriate time intervals. The coefficients of oxidizability of
      dietary fats and storage lipids were very similar. This is explained by the fact
      that the fatty-acid composition of storage lipids reflected that of the
      corresponding high-fat diets. The oxidation stabilities in storage lipids were
      markedly lower than these in the respective dietary regimens. The highest
      oxidation stability in lipids from adipose tissue was found in group B, and the
      lowest in group LS. Contrarywise, the oxidation stability in liver lipid showed
      the following declining sequence: C greater than H greater than L greater than LS
      greater than B. The discrepancies in oxidation stability of the various specimens
      (pure fats, dietary fats, storage and structural lipids) may be explicated by an
      intervention of factors with pro- and anti-oxidative action. The large deviations
      in fatty acid composition in the examined tissues in comparison to the
      composition of the respective high-fat diets may also play an important role in
      this respect. These parallel studies on oxidation stability at different levels
      could improve our possibilities for evaluation of the stability and biological
      value of fats.

PMID- 3412426
TI  - Sterilization safety and quality retention.
AB  - A method for calculating sterilization conditions yielding optimum quality
      retention for conduction and convection type heating of packaged food is
      demonstrated. The simple calculation of the optimum process parameters requires
      only a few minutes.

PMID- 3412427
TI  - Binding of cellulose sulphates to the 12 S globulin and the low molecular mass
      basic protein fraction from rape seed in insoluble complexes.
AB  - The binding of two differently substituted cellulose sulphates (CS) with DS 0.50
      and 0.33 to two main rapeseed proteins, the high molecular mass neutral 12 S
      globulin and the low molecular mass basic protein fraction ("albumin") in
      insoluble complexes at pH less than Pi (protein) has been studied using
      turbidimetric titration and chemical analysis of the supernatant after
      coprecipitation. The binding of both types of CS to the globulin at pH 3.0-2.5 at
      the precipitation occurs at a substoichiometric CS-protein mass ratio. This
      result has been obtained both by turbidimetric titration and chemical analysis.
      Contrary to that, the CS binding to the albumin is substoichiometric according to
      the turbidimetric titration and stoichiometric according to the chemical
      analysis. The CS-protein mass ratio in the coprecipitates obtained of pH 2.5 and
      3.0 is nearly independent on the CS concentration applied for the precipitation
      of the albumin. There is a typical dependence on the CS concentration, however,
      for the globulin at pH 3.0, which becomes less pronounced at pH 2.5. The CS
      globulin complexes form sharp turbidimetric titration curves at pH less than Pi
      (pH 2.5-5.5), the maximum position of which shifts to lower pH with increasing
      percentage of CS. The analogous titration curves for the CS-albumin complexes are
      broader, owing to the heterogeneity of the albumin fraction. Both polyanions
      exert a solubilizing effect at a molar excess on both proteins. Regarding the
      weight part necessary for precipitation (W insol.), forming stoichiometric
      complexes (W stoich.) and solubilization (W crit.) of the proteins, the following
      range can be written: W insol. less than W stoich. less than W crit.

PMID- 3412428
TI  - Determination of cobalt in foods by atomic absorption and inductively coupled
      plasma spectrometry (short communication).

PMID- 3412429
TI  - Study of retention of vitamin B6 in non-traditionally canned foods on using an
      experimental plan method (short communication).

PMID- 3412430
TI  - Composition of buttermilk produced in Egypt (short communication).

PMID- 3412431
TI  - Children with diabetes.

PMID- 3412432
TI  - The assessment of the elderly.

PMID- 3412434
TI  - Unit Trusts or Pure Endowment policies--which will serve your needs best?

PMID- 3412435
TI  - Mode of nutrition.

PMID- 3412436
TI  - Long-term contraception for women.

PMID- 3412433
TI  - The quality assurance process.

PMID- 3412437
TI  - [Modular instruction].

PMID- 3412438
TI  - Nurse on the other side.

PMID- 3412439
TI  - Apples, arms and stamps--a look at material properties.

PMID- 3412440
TI  - Do you know me?

PMID- 3412441
TI  - Evidence to the Pay Review Body on behalf of the National Association of Theatre
      Nurses.

PMID- 3412442
TI  - Presidential candidates find a little time for science.

PMID- 3412443
TI  - Liberal stance on embryo experiments.

PMID- 3412444
TI  - Magic results.

PMID- 3412445
TI  - Protein cytoskeleton. Functional or futile phosphorus?

PMID- 3412446
TI  - Experimental design flaws still unaccounted for.

PMID- 3412447
TI  - Forced dilemma to come in muscle contraction.

PMID- 3412448
TI  - Neural adhesion molecule L1 as a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily with
      binding domains similar to fibronectin.
AB  - Diverse glycoproteins of cell surfaces and extracellular matrices operationally
      termed 'adhesion molecules' are important in the specification of cell
      interactions during development, maintenance and regeneration of the nervous
      system. These adhesion molecules have distinct functions involving different
      cells at different developmental stages, but may cooperate when expressed
      together. Families of adhesion molecules which share common carbohydrate domains
      do exist, despite the structural and functional diversity of these glycoproteins.
      These include the Ca2+-independent neural adhesion molecules: N-CAM, myelin
      associated glycoprotein (MAG) and L1. L1 is involved in neuron-neuron adhesion,
      neurite fasciculation, outgrowth of neurites, cerebellar granule cell migration,
      neurite outgrowth on Schwann cells and interactions among epithelial cells of
      intestinal crypts. We show here that in addition to sharing carbohydrate epitopes
      with N-CAM and MAG, L1 is also a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. It
      contains six C2 domains and also shares three type III domains with the
      extracellular matrix adhesion molecule fibronectin.

PMID- 3412450
TI  - Protein structure. The shape of things to come?

PMID- 3412449
TI  - Negative effect of the transcriptional activator GAL4.
AB  - The yeast transcriptional activator GAL4 binds specific sites on DNA to activate
      transcription of adjacent genes. The distinct activating regions of GAL4 are rich
      in acidic residues and it has been suggested that these regions interact with
      another protein component of the transcriptional machinery (such as the TATA
      binding protein or RNA polymerase II) while the DNA-binding region serves to
      position the activating region near the gene. Here we show that various GAL4
      derivatives, when expressed at high levels in yeast, inhibit transcription of
      certain genes lacking GAL4 binding sites, that more efficient activators inhibit
      more strongly and that inhibition does not depend on the DNA-binding domain. We
      suggest that this inhibition, which we call squelching, reflects titration of a
      transcription factor by the activating region of GAL4.

PMID- 3412452
TI  - Dangers of lubricants used with condoms.

PMID- 3412451
TI  - The post-RNA world.

PMID- 3412453
TI  - Latex gloves not enough to exclude viruses.

PMID- 3412454
TI  - French government recognizes need for AIDS health campaign.

PMID- 3412455
TI  - Still no government reply to Canada's AIDS report.

PMID- 3412456
TI  - Identification of virus causing recent seal deaths.

PMID- 3412457
TI  - Species jump may be responsible for seals' virus infection.

PMID- 3412458
TI  - Repetitive spikes in cytoplasmic calcium evoked by histamine in human endothelial
      cells.
AB  - Measurement of cytoplasmic free calcium, [Ca2+]i, in single human endothelial
      cells has shown that low doses of the inflammatory mediator histamine evoke
      asynchronous repetitive spikes in [Ca2+]i whereas high doses cause a maintained
      elevated [Ca2+]i. We discuss possible regulatory mechanisms, and the potential
      physiological and pathological implications of such a frequency-modulated [Ca2+]i
      signalling system.

PMID- 3412459
TI  - Identification of predictive sequence motifs limited by protein structure data
      base size.
AB  - Associations between short amino acid sequence patterns and protein secondary
      structure classes can be found by searching a data base of known protein
      structures. Analysis of these associations suggests that secondary structure of
      proteins can be determined locally by sequence motifs of high predictive value,
      but at present our ability to find these motifs is limited by the size of the
      available data bases.

PMID- 3412461
TI  - Drosophila nurse cells produce a posterior signal required for embryonic
      segmentation and polarity.
AB  - The segmental pattern of insect embryos depends on influences from morphogenetic
      centres near each of the egg poles. In Drosophila, maternal effect mutations are
      known that impair the normal function of each centre. Injection of wild-type
      cytoplasm into mutant eggs has revealed that morphogenetic signals localized at
      the anterior and posterior pole of eggs can be transplanted. We show here that
      these activities can also be detected during oogenesis. Posterior activity can be
      recovered at an early stage (stage 10, ref. 5) from the oocyte-nurse cell
      complex, but anterior activity can only be detected in the mature oocytes (stage
      14). We conclude that the bicoid-dependent anterior signal, although produced by
      the nurse cells, does not become active before it is localized to the anterior
      egg pole, whereas posterior activity can be detected in the nurse cells before,
      and therefore independently of, its localization to the posterior egg pole.

PMID- 3412460
TI  - Embryonic acetylcholine receptors guarantee spontaneous contractions in rat
      developing muscle.
AB  - Many proteins are expressed in distinct embryonic and adult forms. However, in
      most cases we do not know why the embryonic form of proteins is required. This
      question can be readily addressed for the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) because
      developmentally specified modifications of this ligand-gated ion channel can be
      directly related to changes in membrane currents. In developing rat soleus
      muscle, spontaneous transmitter release causes miniature end-plate currents
      (m.e.p.cs) to flow into the muscle cell. We show here that these m.e.p.cs in
      neonatal soleus trigger spontaneous contractions. By injecting m.e.p.cs into
      young fibres, we showed that only embryonic m.e.p.cs can trigger such
      contractions; adult m.e.p.cs do not last long enough. Developing muscle fibres
      must be active for synapse and muscle differentiation. Our experiments indicate
      that the embryonic form of the AChR is essential for spontaneous contractile
      activity and may therefore be required for normal neuromuscular development.

PMID- 3412462
TI  - Loma Linda halts controversial trial.

PMID- 3412463
TI  - Ciliary neurotrophic factor induces type-2 astrocyte differentiation in culture.
AB  - We have been studying a population of bipotential glial progenitor cells in the
      perinatal rat optic nerve and brain in an attempt to understand how cells choose
      between alternative fates in the developing mammalian central nervous system
      (CNS). This cell population gives rise initially to oligodendrocytes and then to
      type-2 astrocytes, both of which apparently collaborate in sheathing axons in the
      CNS. In vitro studies suggest that oligodendrocyte differentiation is the
      constitutive pathway of development for the oligodendrocyte-type-2-astrocyte (O
      2A) progenitor cell, whereas type-2 astrocyte differentiation depends on a
      specific inducing protein. This protein is present in the developing optic nerve
      when type-2 astrocytes are differentiating and can induce O-2A progenitor cells
      in vitro to express glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a marker of astrocyte
      differentiation. Here we show that the type-2-astrocyte-inducing protein is
      similar or identical to ciliary neutrotrophic factor (CNTF), which promotes the
      survival of some types of peripheral neurons in vitro, including ciliary ganglion
      neurons. This suggests that CNTF, in addition to its effect on neurons, may be
      responsible for triggering type-2 astrocyte differentiation in the developing
      CNS.

PMID- 3412464
TI  - Precinct NIH.

PMID- 3412466
TI  - Unreproducible results.

PMID- 3412465
TI  - Scandal over Soviet artificial blood research project.

PMID- 3412467
TI  - Bacterial genetics. A unicorn in the garden.

PMID- 3412468
TI  - Protein modification. Sticky fingers and CAAX boxes.

PMID- 3412469
TI  - Radioactive protein-labelling techniques.

PMID- 3412470
TI  - Molecular biology running into a cul-de-sac?

PMID- 3412471
TI  - Cystic fibrosis, fertility and birth intervals.

PMID- 3412472
TI  - Pattern of nucleotide substitution at major histocompatibility complex class I
      loci reveals overdominant selection.
AB  - The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) loci are known to be highly
      polymorphic in humans, mice and certain other mammals, with heterozygosity as
      high as 80-90% (ref. 1). Four different hypotheses have been proposed to explain
      this high degree of polymorphism: (1) a high mutation rate, (2) gene conversion
      or interlocus genetic exchange, (3) over dominant selection and (4) frequency
      dependent selection. In an attempt to establish which of these hypotheses is
      correct, we examined the pattern of nucleotide substitution between polymorphic
      alleles in the region of the antigen recognition site (ARS) and other regions of
      human and mouse class I MHC genes. The results indicate that in ARS the rate of
      nonsynonymous (amino acid altering) substitution is significantly higher than
      that of synonymous substitution in both humans and mice, whereas in other regions
      the reverse is true. This observation, together with a theoretical study and
      other considerations, supports the hypothesis of overdominant selection
      (heterozygote advantage).

PMID- 3412473
TI  - Vaccinia virus encodes a secretory polypeptide structurally related to complement
      control proteins.
AB  - Several polypeptides are secreted into the medium of cells infected with vaccinia
      virus, a cytoplasmic DNA virus belonging to the poxvirus family. One of these, a
      polypeptide of relative molecular mass 19,000 is structurally related to
      epidermal growth factor and binds to epidermal growth factor receptor stimulating
      proliferation of uninfected cells in vitro and in vivo. Here, we show that a
      second, and much more abundant secretory polypeptide, is also encoded by vaccinia
      virus and is structurally related to the superfamily of complement control
      proteins. Members of this family can block complement-mediated induction of the
      inflammatory response, and engulfment, killing and lysis of bacteria and viruses.

PMID- 3412474
TI  - Immunodeficiency virus rev trans-activator modulates the expression of the viral
      regulatory genes.
AB  - The pathogenic human retrovirus human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)
      encodes two trans-acting nuclear proteins, tat and rev, whose functional
      expression is essential for viral replication in vitro. The tat protein greatly
      enhances the expression of both structural and regulatory genes of HIV-1 (linked
      to the viral long-terminal-repeat promoter element), whereas the rev gene product
      (previously termed art or trs) has only been shown to be required for the
      synthesis of structural proteins. Here, we demonstrate that rev also moderates
      the expression of regulatory genes of HIV-1. It decreases the expression of
      messenger RNAs that encode the full-length form of the viral tat gene product or
      the rev protein itself, and induces the synthesis of a previously unreported,
      truncated tat protein. These actions of rev are mediated by a dramatic shift in
      the ratio of spliced to unspliced cytoplasmic HIV-1 mRNA. Therefore rev not only
      activates the synthesis of the viral structural proteins, but also modulates the
      level and quality of HIV-1 regulatory gene expression.

PMID- 3412476
TI  - Elbow motion in the immunoglobulins involves a molecular ball-and-socket joint.
AB  - Studies by electron microscopy, fluorescence polarization, hydro-dynamics and X
      ray crystallography have demonstrated the ability of different parts of
      immunoglobulin molecules to move relative to each other. This movement
      facilitates the multiple interactions that antibodies make with polyvalent
      antigens and effector proteins. Comparisons of the atomic structures of
      immunoglobulins of the same sequence in different crystal environments, and of
      those with different sequences, have shown that the movements involve local
      changes in the conformation of the peptides linking different domains. These
      changes occur in (1) the hinge regions that link the Fab fragment to the Fc, and
      (2) the switch regions that link the VL-VH dimer to the CL-CH1 dimer. We show
      here that in immunoglobulins of known structure, the movement of the VL-VH dimer
      relative to the CL-CH1 dimer also involves the interactions of three VH and two
      CH1 residues that form the molecular equivalent of a ball-and-socket joint. The
      almost absolute conservation in the sequences of immunoglobulins and T-cell
      receptors of the residues that form these interactions suggests that this is a
      general feature of functional importance.

PMID- 3412475
TI  - Site-specific cleavage of single-stranded DNAs at unique sites by a copper
      dependent redox reaction.
AB  - Metal ions play a crucial role not only in the formation and maintenance of
      nucleic acid structure, but also in important biochemical conversions of
      polynucleotides. Some aqueous metal ions, acting as general acid/base (or
      electrophilic/nucleophilic) catalysts, can induce site-specific cleavage of RNA.
      DNA is not cleaved efficiently by the non-redox metal-induced mechanism. However,
      DNA degradation by radicals formed in the metal-catalysed auto-oxidation of
      ascorbate (or other reducing agents) is well known. In the past, the observed
      cleavage reactions have not been very specific. Here, we report a non-enzymatic
      cleavage of single-stranded DNA occurring at unique sites due to redox reactions
      involving copper. This could be considered a 'self-cleavage' reaction, by analogy
      with the lead-induced non-redox RNA cleavage reaction. This site-specific
      cleavage of DNA, stimulated by ascorbate and hydrogen peroxide, is most efficient
      under physiological conditions, so this phenomenon may have biological
      significance.

PMID- 3412477
TI  - Tricks to order.

PMID- 3412478
TI  - US proposes new rules for dealing with misconduct.

PMID- 3412479
TI  - Neuroscience in Europe.

PMID- 3412481
TI  - Who leads the drugs league?

PMID- 3412480
TI  - Row over White House moves to ban fetal tissue research.

PMID- 3412482
TI  - Next round in West Germany's biotechnology licensing struggle.

PMID- 3412483
TI  - Controversy continues.

PMID- 3412484
TI  - Accounting for cystic fibrosis.

PMID- 3412485
TI  - AIDS and common sense.

PMID- 3412486
TI  - Activation at M-phase of a protein kinase encoded by a starfish homologue of the
      cell cycle control gene cdc2+.
AB  - In both starfish and amphibian oocytes, the activity of a major protein kinase
      which is independent of Ca2+ and cyclic nucleotides increases dramatically at
      meiotic and mitotic nuclear divisions. The in vivo substrates of this kinase are
      unknown, but phosphorylation of H1 histone can be used as an in vitro assay. We
      have purified this kinase from starfish oocytes. The major band in the most
      highly purified preparation contained a polypeptide of relative molecular mass
      (Mr) 34,000 (34K). This is the same size as the protein kinase encoded by cdc2+,
      which regulates entry into mitosis in fission yeast and is a component of MPF
      purified from Xenopus. Here, we show that antibodies against p34 recognize the
      starfish 34K protein and propose that entry into meiotic and mitotic nuclear
      divisions involves activation of the protein kinase encoded by a homologue of
      cdc2+. Given the wide occurrence of cdc2+ homologues from budding yeast to
      Xenopus and human cells, this activation may act as a common mechanism
      controlling entry into mitosis in eukaryotic cells.

PMID- 3412487
TI  - HLA-A and B polymorphisms predate the divergence of humans and chimpanzees.
AB  - Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) glycoproteins bind processed fragments of
      proteins and present them to the receptors of T lymphocytes. The extraordinary
      polymorphism of class I MHC molecules in man (HLA-A, B and C) and mouse (H-2 K, D
      and L) poses many questions concerning their diversification and evolution.
      Comparison of allelic sequences within a species suggests diversity is generated
      by the assortment of point mutations into varied combinations by mechanisms of
      recombination and gene conversion. We have now compared class I MHC alleles in
      two closely related species: humans (Homo sapiens) and chimpanzees (Pan
      troglodytes). Chimpanzee homologues of HLA-A, HLA-B and a non-classical gene have
      been identified. No features distinguishing human and chimpanzee alleles could be
      found. Individual HLA-A or B alleles are more closely related to individual
      chimpanzee alleles than to other HLA-A or B alleles. These results show that a
      considerable proportion of contemporary HLA-A and B polymorphism existed before
      divergence of the chimpanzee and human lines. The stability of the polymorphism
      indicates that hyper-mutational mechanisms are not necessary to account for HLA
      A, B and C diversity.

PMID- 3412488
TI  - Function of torso in determining the terminal anlagen of the Drosophila embryo.
AB  - The formation of the unsegmented terminal regions of the Drosophila larva, acron
      and telson requires the function of at least five maternal genes (terminal genes
      class). In their absence, the telson and acron are not formed. One of them, torso
      (tor), has gain-of-function alleles which have an opposite phenotype to the lack
      of-function (tor-) alleles: the segmented regions of the larval body, thorax and
      abdomen, are missing, whereas the acron is not affected and the telson is
      enlarged. In strong gain-of-function mutants, the pair-rule gene fushi tarazu
      (ftz) is not expressed, demonstrating the suppression of the segmentation process
      in an early stage of development. The tor gain-of-function effect is neutralized,
      and segmentation is restored in double mutants with the zygotic gene tailless
      (tll), which has a phenotype similar (but not identical) to that of tor-. This
      suggests that tor acts through tll, and that in the gain-of-function alleles of
      tor, the tll gene product is ectopically expressed at middle positions of the
      embryo, where it inhibits the expression of segmentation genes like ftz.

PMID- 3412489
TI  - Characterisation of 5-HT3 recognition sites in membranes of NG 108-15
      neuroblastoma-glioma cells with [3H]ICS 205-930.
AB  - 1. The binding characteristics of [3H]ICS 205-930, a potent and selective 5
      hydroxytryptamine 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, were investigated in membranes
      prepared from murine neuroblastoma-glioma NG 108-15 cells. 2. [3H]ICS 205-930
      bound rapidly, reversibly and stereoselectively to a homogeneous population of
      high affinity recognition sites: Bmax = 58 +/- 3 fmol/mg protein, pKD = 9.01 +/-
      0.08 (n = 11). Non linear regression and Scatchard analysis of saturation data
      suggested the existence of a single class of [3H]ICS 205-930 recognition sites on
      NG 108-15 cells. The binding was rapid, stable and reversible. The affinity of
      [3H]ICS 205-930 determined in kinetic studies was in agreement with that obtained
      under equilibrium conditions. 3. Competition studies performed with a variety of
      agonists and antagonists also suggested the presence of a homogeneous population
      of [3H]ICS 205-930 recognition sites. All competition curves were steep and
      monophasic and were best fit by a 1 receptor site model. [3H]ICS 205-930 binding
      sites displayed the pharmacological profile of a 5-HT3 receptor. Potent 5-HT3
      receptor antagonists showed nanomolar affinities for [3H]ICS 205-930 binding
      sites with the following rank order of potency: SDZ 206-830 greater than ICS 205
      930 greater than SDZ 206-792 greater than BRL 43694 greater than quipazine
      greater than BRL 24924 greater than SDZ 210-204 greater than MDL 72222 greater
      than SDZ 210-205. Metoclopramide, mCP and mianserin showed submicromolar
      affinity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3412490
TI  - Involvement of Ca2+ mobilization in the amplifying effect of serotonin on
      responses of rabbit isolated ear artery to exogenous noradrenaline.
AB  - The present study examined the involvement of Ca2+ mobilization in the amplifying
      effect of serotonin on steady-state responses of rabbit isolated perfused ear
      artery to exogenous noradrenaline (NA; 0.001-3 mumol/l). In contrast to its
      marked amplifying effect on responses to NA, serotonin in the subconstrictor
      concentration of 100 nmol/l had no effect on responses to KCl. The Ca2+-entry
      blocking drug diltiazem (10 mumol/l) decreased responses to NA; in addition, the
      amplifying effect of serotonin on responses to NA was reduced by diltiazem.
      Lowering the concentration of Ca2+ in the Krebs-Henseleit perfusion solution from
      2.5 to 0.25 mmol/l also reduced both responses to NA and the amplifying effect of
      serotonin. Using the method of Manzini et al. (1982), separate intra- and
      extracellular Ca2+-dependent responses to NA were obtained. Serotonin had no
      effect on intracellular Ca2+-dependent responses to NA but enhanced extracellular
      Ca2+-dependent NA responses. These results suggest that the amplifying effect of
      serotonin on responses of rabbit ear artery to exogenous NA involves a selective
      enhancement of the component of the NA response which is dependent on
      extracellular Ca2+; serotonin may increase NA-evoked entry of Ca2+ into the
      vascular smooth muscle cells through receptor-operated Ca2+ channels.

PMID- 3412491
TI  - The contribution of capsaicin-sensitive sensory nerves to xylene-induced visceral
      pain in conscious, freely moving rats.
AB  - 1. Intravesical instillation of xylene (10-100%, dissolved in silicone oil)
      through a catheter implanted into the bladder of conscious, freely-moving rats
      produced behavioural effects (licking of lower abdomen or perineal region)
      suggestive of intense visceral pain, not mimicked by topical application of the
      irritant on the urethral outlet. 2. The xylene-induced visceral pain was
      prevented, to the same extent, by systemic desensitization to capsaicin (50 mg/kg
      s.c.) performed in either adult or newborn rats, as well as by extrinsic bladder
      denervation (pelvic ganglionectomy), thus indicating the involvement of primary
      afferents in the bladder wall. 3. Other behavioural responses induced by xylene
      instillation into the bladder (hind limb hyperextension, grooming) were not
      affected by systemic capsaicin desensitization in either adult or newborn rats,
      but were abolished by bladder denervation. 4. Systemic capsaicin desensitization
      produced an almost complete depletion of substance P-, neurokinin A-like and
      calcitonin gene-related peptide-like immunoreactivity in the rat urinary bladder.
      5. These findings indicate that, in addition to their role in activating reflex
      micturition, the neuropeptides-containing capsaicin-sensitive sensory nerves of
      the rat bladder are involved in chemogenic visceral pain.

PMID- 3412492
TI  - Involvement of the sympathetic nervous system in the cardiovascular effects of
      ACTH-(1-24) during hemorrhagic shock in rats.
AB  - In urethane-anesthetized rats, removal of about 50% of the total blood volume
      over a period of 25-30 min caused hypovolemic shock, with extreme hypotension
      (MAP = 18-25 mm Hg and death of all animals within 22 +/- 5 min. The i.v.
      injection of ACTH-(1-24) in the dose range of 40-160 micrograms/kg induced a
      sustained, dose-dependent, and, at the highest dose used, an almost complete
      recovery of blood pressure, and 100% survival, at least for 2 h after treatment.
      The effect of ACTH-(1-24) was completely prevented by reserpine (5 mg/kg) and
      clonidine (0.1 mg/kg), significantly reduced by prazosin (0.1 mg/kg), dibenamine
      (15 mg/kg) and i.v. yohimbine (1 mg/kg) and unaffected by i.c.v. yohimbine (0.2
      mg/kg) and i.v. practolol (15 mg/kg). These data suggest that the effect of ACTH
      (1-24) in hypovolemic shock depends on the functional integrity of the
      sympathetic nervous system and is mediated through an activation of peripheral
      alpha-adrenoceptors.

PMID- 3412494
TI  - Formation of 1-methyl-beta-carbolines in rats from their possible carboxylic acid
      precursor.
AB  - In vivo metabolism of 1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline-1-carboxylic
      acid (1-CTHH), a possible precursor of the endogenous beta-carbolines tetrahydro
      harman (THH) and harman was investigated in rats. Following intraperitoneal
      injection of [4-14C]1-CTHH, a rapid distribution of the radioactivity in the
      tissues was observed. The highest radioactivity was measured in the kidney and
      the lowest in the brain as well as in the fat tissue. Approximately 55% of the
      administered dose was excreted in the urine within 90 min. The radioactivity in
      the urine consisted of unchanged 1-CTHH (greater than 90%) besides harmalan and
      trace amounts of harman. Harmalan represents the major degradation product of 1
      CTHH; it could be identified in all tissues examined and in the urine. The
      concentration in the blood, however, was low at all time points investigated. The
      peak concentration of harmalan in most tissues was measured between 15-30 min
      after injection. A time-dependent formation of THH was found in the lung and
      spleen indicating an important role of these organs in the biosynthesis of THH.
      Furthermore, the metabolism of [4-14C]1-CTHH in the brain was studied following
      intracerebroventricular injection. The formation of harmalan in the brain was not
      affected by pretreatment with the aromatic amino acid decarboxylase inhibitor NSD
      1015. Determination of the harmalan concentration in several brain regions
      revealed a high level in the hippocampus and hypothalamus and a small
      concentration in pons, corpus striatum, cerebellum and cerebral cortex 20 min
      after injection. The analyses of the

PMID- 3412493
TI  - Endogenous adenosine inhibits hippocampal CA1 neurones: further evidence from
      extra- and intracellular recording.
AB  - Extracellular and intracellular recordings from CA1 pyramidal neurones of rats in
      vitro were used to study the effects of endogenous and exogenously applied
      adenosine. The adenosine receptor antagonist, caffeine, enhanced the
      intracellular recorded e.p.s.p.-i.p.s.p. sequence evoked by stimulation of the
      stratum radiatum which is antagonized by exogenous adenosine. The late, potassium
      dependent i.p.s.p. was not antagonized. The adenosine uptake inhibitor,
      nitrobenzylthioinosine (NBTI), mimicked the effects of exogenously applied
      adenosine. The effects of NBTI and of exogenously applied adenosine were
      antagonized by caffeine in the same manner. Exposure to adenosine deaminase
      enhanced the evoked field e.p.s.p. During this enhancement caffeines effects were
      significantly reduced. In low calcium high magnesium medium which abolishes
      synaptic activity, adenosine deaminase increased, NBTI decreased cell firing. We
      conclude that endogenous adenosine, release by a calcium independent mechanism,
      can exert an inhibitory tone on CA1 neurones in vitro. This is consistent with a
      role for adenosine as a mediator of negative feedback between the metabolic state
      and electrophysiological activity of nervous tissue.

PMID- 3412495
TI  - An analysis of stereotyped behaviour in Mastomys natalensis.
AB  - The stereotyped behaviour was analysed in Mastomys natalensis, a species of
      desert rat recently introduced in laboratory practice. The components of
      stereotyped behaviour were similar to rat characterised by repetitive sniffing,
      rearing, licking, head movements and biting. Apomorphine (0.5-2.0 mg/kg),
      amphetamine (2.5-10 mg/kg), methylphenidate (10-30 mg/kg) and adamantanamine (10
      50 mg/kg) administered intraperitoneally, induced stereotyped behaviour in dose
      dependent manner. Positive response was also obtained by other drugs acting on
      dopamine receptors like l-dopa, GBR 12909, piribedil, tyramine, BS 9648, BS 9641
      and BS 8824. Yohimbine (2 mg/kg) failed to produce any response. Apomorphine (2
      mg/kg), amphetamine (10 mg/kg), methylphenidate (30 mg/kg) and piribedil (12
      mg/kg) induced stereotypy which could be blocked by dopamine receptor blockers
      haloperidol (1 mg/kg) or pimozide (1 mg/kg) but yohimbine (2 mg/kg) an alpha
      adrenoceptor blocker was ineffective. Adamantanamine, piribedil and GBR 12909
      enhanced the stereotypy induced by low doses of apomorphine, amphetamine and
      methylphenidate. The data shows that the stereotyped behaviour in Mastomys
      natalensis is mediated through dopaminergic mechanisms. It appears that both
      excitatory and inhibitory types of dopamine receptors are involved.

PMID- 3412496
TI  - The pharmacokinetic properties of yohimbine in the conscious rat.
AB  - We used high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection to
      measure the concentration of yohimbine in serum and brain of conscious Sprague
      Dawley rats at various times after the i.v. injection of 1 mg/kg of yohimbine.
      The serum concentration-time profile of yohimbine was biphasic with a rapid
      distribution phase (t1/2 alpha = 0.048 h) followed by a very slow elimination
      phase t1/2 beta = 16.3 h). The clearance of yohimbine was 11 ml/h.kg-1, and the
      volume of distribution was 259 ml/kg. Increasing doses (0.3, 1 and 3 mg/kg, i.v.)
      of yohimbine produced non-linear increases in serum yohimbine concentration.
      Yohimbine entered the brain rapidly (5,000 ng/g at 5 min after 1 mg/kg, i.v.) and
      disappeared from brain with a t1/2 beta of 7.7 h. In contrast to serum yohimbine
      concentration, increasing doses of yohimbine (0.3, 1 and 3 mg/kg) produced linear
      increases in brain yohimbine concentration, a phenomenon which is consistent with
      concentration-dependent binding of yohimbine to plasma proteins. The rapid entry
      of yohimbine into the brain, the slow rate of elimination of yohimbine from serum
      and brain and the linear relationship of brain yohimbine concentration as a
      function of dose should be taken into consideration whenever yohimbine is to be
      used as a probe of alpha 2-adrenoceptor function in vivo.

PMID- 3412498
TI  - [The need for a multicenter approach in establishing a phase III clinical trial
      in oncology].

PMID- 3412497
TI  - Histamine H3 receptor-mediated inhibition of serotonin release in the rat brain
      cortex.
AB  - Rat brain cortex slices preincubated with 3H-serotonin were superfused with
      physiological salt solution (containing citalopram, an inhibitor of serotonin
      uptake) and the effect of histamine on the electrically (3 Hz) evoked 3H overflow
      was studied. Histamine decreased the evoked overflow in a concentration-dependent
      manner. The inhibitory effect of histamine was antagonized by impromidine and
      burimamide, but was not affected by pheniramine, ranitidine, metitepine and
      phentolamine. Given alone, impromidine facilitated the evoked overflow, whereas
      burimamide, pheniramine and ranitidine had no effect. The results suggest that
      histamine inhibits serotonin release in the rat brain cortex via histamine H3
      receptors, which may be located presynaptically.

PMID- 3412500
TI  - [Breast-preserving treatment in patients with stage I and II breast carcinoma].

PMID- 3412499
TI  - [Various aspects of 'quality of life' and the treatment of patients with breast
      cancer].

PMID- 3412501
TI  - [Skin cancer in The Netherlands].

PMID- 3412502
TI  - [Stage I and IIa cervix carcinoma; results of radical abdominovaginal excision of
      the uterus with lymph node dissection and analysis of prognostic factors].

PMID- 3412503
TI  - [Ovarian carcinoma: various aspects of intraperitoneal chemotherapy].

PMID- 3412504
TI  - [Hodgkin's disease: the effect of age on prognosis].

PMID- 3412506
TI  - [Chemotherapy for brain metastasis of carcinoma].

PMID- 3412505
TI  - [Second tumors following treatment of Hodgkin's disease].

PMID- 3412507
TI  - [Cow's milk protein allergy, a new disease?].

PMID- 3412508
TI  - [Basic concepts in statistics; introduction].

PMID- 3412509
TI  - [Basic concepts in statistics. I. Generalization].

PMID- 3412510
TI  - [Cancer surgery in (very) old patients].

PMID- 3412511
TI  - [Prevalence of food allergies in Amsterdam infants].

PMID- 3412512
TI  - [Electroconvulsive therapy in depressed elderly subjects; a retrospective study
      of efficacy and safety].

PMID- 3412513
TI  - [Consensus follow-up study after surgery for colonic or rectal carcinoma].

PMID- 3412514
TI  - [Acute appendicitis].

PMID- 3412515
TI  - [Biological determinants of suicidal behavior].

PMID- 3412516
TI  - [Is medicine a scientific education?].

PMID- 3412518
TI  - [Increasing extra- and intracapsular lens extraction in cataract].

PMID- 3412517
TI  - [Minor symptoms in family practice; dacryostenosis in infants].

PMID- 3412519
TI  - [Basic concepts in statistics. II. Populations].

PMID- 3412520
TI  - [Liver damage caused by drugs].

PMID- 3412521
TI  - [Extracapsular and intracapsular lens extraction in cataract].

PMID- 3412522
TI  - [Chlamydia trachomatis, infertility and in vitro fertilization].

PMID- 3412523
TI  - [Peroneal nerve paralysis in women in labor].

PMID- 3412524
TI  - [Testing for HIV infection in cardiology].

PMID- 3412525
TI  - [Are amalgams hazardous to the health?].

PMID- 3412526
TI  - [Aspartame, a sweet alternative].

PMID- 3412528
TI  - Adam Smith?

PMID- 3412527
TI  - [Advice from the Permanent AIDS Commission of the Public Health Council
      concerning a hospital protocol for the care of AIDS patients].

PMID- 3412529
TI  - Electronic information for physicians: a new dimension in solving problems. Part
      I--Traditional.

PMID- 3412530
TI  - Unexplained sacral pain (in the elderly).

PMID- 3412531
TI  - The nursing shortage and potential conflict.

PMID- 3412532
TI  - Nebraska's response to the AMA proposal.

PMID- 3412533
TI  - The two-track curriculum of the Central Community College-Platte Campus practical
      nursing program at Columbus.

PMID- 3412534
TI  - Nurses oppose AMA proposal for minimally trained technologists.

PMID- 3412536
TI  - AMA proposal calling for new categories of licensed care givers.

PMID- 3412535
TI  - The nursing shortage in Nevada: Nevada Nurses Association perspective.

PMID- 3412537
TI  - [Psychopathometry of HIV-infected patients].

PMID- 3412538
TI  - [Duration of hospitalization--a central measure of psychiatric hospital policy].

PMID- 3412539
TI  - [Day clinic intensive care treatment. A new method in the rehabilitation of
      mentally ill offenders].

PMID- 3412540
TI  - [Investment dealings as a form of pathologic gambling].

PMID- 3412541
TI  - [Differences in the psychopathology of adolescents dependent on legally
      prohibited and tolerated drugs].

PMID- 3412542
TI  - [A case of Shy-Drager syndrome in chronic schizophrenia].

PMID- 3412543
TI  - A major endogenous ligand substance involved in renal failure.
AB  - The clinical significance of a major endogenous ligand substance, 3-carboxy-4
      methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoic acid (CMPF), present in the sera of patients
      with renal failure, was examined. In patients with chronic renal failure, the
      serum CMPF concentration was correlated with the serum creatinine concentration,
      but not in patients with acute renal failure. The accumulation of CMPF in the
      sera of patients with chronic renal failure may reflect the 'chronicity' of renal
      failure. Plasma exchange was more effective than direct hemoperfusion for the
      elimination of CMPF retained in uremic serum.

PMID- 3412545
TI  - Oxidative metabolism and phagocytosis of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in patients
      with chronic renal failure.
AB  - The respiratory burst activity (generation of hydrogen peroxide) of peripheral
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) in both phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)
      stimulated and unstimulated states and phagocytosis were assessed using flow
      cytometry on 46 patients with chronic renal failure: 33 patients undergoing
      chronic hemodialysis (CHD), 8 patients who have never been on dialysis
      (nonhemodialysis; NHD), 5 patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal
      dialysis (CAPD); these patients were compared with 27 normal control subjects. In
      patients just before the initiation of dialysis, impaired hydrogen peroxide
      production by PMA-stimulated PMN and depressed phagocytosis were noted, which was
      restored to the control levels by hemodialysis. A mild but significant reduction
      of hydrogen peroxide production in a PMA-stimulated state was found in NHD
      patients, and an inverse correlation was noted between the impairment of this
      function and the degree of diminished renal function. There was no significant
      difference between CAPD patients and controls in hydrogen peroxide production by
      PMA-stimulated PMN. Decreased hydrogen peroxide production by unstimulated PMN
      was observed in both CHD and CAPD patients. These findings may explain, at least
      partly, the enhanced susceptibility to bacterial and fungal infections of these
      patients.

PMID- 3412544
TI  - Does paracetamol cause urothelial cancer or renal papillary necrosis?
AB  - The risk of developing renal papillary necrosis or cancer of the renal pelvis,
      ureter or bladder associated with consumption of either phenacetin or paracetamol
      was calculated from data acquired by questionnaire from 381 cases and 808
      controls. The risk of renal papillary necrosis was increased nearly 20-fold by
      consumption of phenacetin, which also increased the risk for cancer of the renal
      pelvis and bladder but not for ureteric cancer. By contrast, we were unable to
      substantiate an increased risk from paracetamol consumption for renal papillary
      necrosis or any of these cancers although there was a suggestion of an
      association with cancer of the ureter.

PMID- 3412546
TI  - Acute renal failure following multiple hornet stings.
AB  - Five patients who developed acute renal failure due to acute tubular necrosis
      following multiple hornet (Vespa orientalis) stings are described. All of them
      had intravascular hemolysis. Evidence for rhabdomyolysis was present in 2
      patients. Two patients had elevated transaminase and alkaline phosphatase levels
      and in 1 of these, liver biopsy showed centrilobular necrosis. Two patients had
      thrombocytopenia in the absence of disseminated intravascular coagulation. Two
      patients died of infections while the remaining 3 recovered completely. Acute
      renal failure following multiple hornet stings appears to result mainly from
      intravascular hemolysis or rhabdomyolysis although a direct nephrotoxic effect of
      venom cannot be excluded.

PMID- 3412547
TI  - Dense renal papillae: a quantitative study using computed tomography.
AB  - The attenuation of the renal papillae has been compared with that of the
      cortex/outer medulla (COM) in 100 consecutive patients undergoing abdominal
      computed tomography (CT). In most patients (73%) there were areas within the
      papillae measuring more than 5 Hounsfield units (HU) higher than the COM. In 11%
      of the patients this increase in papillary attenuation was even more marked (15
      or more HU). Increased papillary attenuation was most marked in patients with
      newly diagnosed widespread malignancy; it was also common in thin patients and in
      those who were in-patients. The region of the papilla has been shown to have a
      slightly higher CT attenuation than the rest of the renal parenchyma and such
      density seems especially noticeable in sick patients.

PMID- 3412549
TI  - Inhibitors of coagulation in terminal renal failure and during hemodialysis.

PMID- 3412548
TI  - Occurrence of hereditary nephritis, pretibial epidermolysis bullosa and beta
      thalassemia minor in two siblings with end-stage renal disease.

PMID- 3412550
TI  - Renal histopathology of Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome: tubulointerstitial
      nephritis without specific glomerular changes.

PMID- 3412551
TI  - Mesangio-capillary glomerulonephritis and the nephrotic syndrome in the course of
      disseminated tuberculosis.

PMID- 3412552
TI  - A microelectrophoretic method for the evaluation of GABA transaminase activity.
AB  - The reduction to the micro-scale of a recently described electrophoretic method
      for the evaluation of GABA catabolism by GABA-T is presented. The micromethod
      involves the electrophoresis, in 1 mm diam. capillaries, of small samples of
      mixtures of [14C]GABA and its metabolites. By coupling this procedure to
      previously devised micromethods, it was possible to evaluate GABA-T attack to 14C
      labeled GABA diffusing across a single microdissected neuronal membrane.

PMID- 3412553
TI  - The effects of sensory stimulation on the free amino acid pool of the developing
      brain.
AB  - Developing chicks were subjected to three different paradigmata of sensory
      stimulation, and the effects on the free amino acid concentrations in the blood
      and in various brain regions were monitored. The free amino acid pool of
      individual brain regions was found to be affected in a treatment- and age
      specific manner. The increased neuronal activity resulting from sensory
      stimulation seems to affect intrinsic factors involved in the regulation of the
      free amino acid pool, most likely via modulations of the rate of metabolization
      of individual amino acids and/or of the rate of synthesis and degradation of
      individual proteins in certain brain regions.

PMID- 3412554
TI  - Monomeric and polymeric forms of ependymin: a brain extracellular glycoprotein
      implicated in memory consolidation processes.
AB  - Ependymin, a brain extracellular glycoprotein that appears to be implicated in
      neural circuit modifications associated with the process of memory consolidation,
      can rapidly polymerize into fibrous aggregates when the Ca2+ concentration in
      solution is reduced by the addition of EGTA or by dialysis. Such aggregates, once
      formed, could not be redissolved in boiling 1% SDS in 6 M urea, acetic acid,
      saturated aqueous potassium thiocyanate, and trifluoroacetic acid. They were,
      however, soluble in formic acid. Investigations of the immunological properties
      of ependymin indicated that various monomers, oligomers and polymers of the
      molecule with differing carbohydrate contents can be obtained. The polymerization
      properties of the ependymins may play an important role in their functions in
      memory consolidation mechanisms.

PMID- 3412556
TI  - [Twenty-six cases regarding the proximal anterior cerebral artery].
AB  - The authors report twenty-six aneurysms of the proximal anterior cerebral artery
      (A1 segment). Fourteen cases were male and twelve cases were female. Saccular
      aneurysms were twenty-four and fusiform aneurysms were two. The incidence of the
      A1 aneurysms was 0.76%. Clinicopathologically, multiplicity of this aneurysm was
      distinctive, and eleven cases had multiplicity (42.3%). In the seven cases among
      them, the A1 aneurysms bled (63.6%). These 26 aneurysms were classified into five
      types according to the mode of the origin of the aneurysm from the A1 segment:
      (a) fifteen aneurysms originating from the junction of the A1 segment and the
      small perforating artery, (b) five from the A1 directly, (c) three from the
      proximal end of the fenestration of the A1, (d) two were fusiform aneurysms, (e)
      one from the junction of the A1 and the cortical branch. In CT scan of these
      aneurysms, bleeding extending to the septum pellucidum is very similar to that of
      the anterior communicating artery aneurysms.

PMID- 3412555
TI  - Immunocytochemical investigations on the presence of neuron-specific antibodies
      in the CSF of Parkinson's disease cases.
AB  - The CSF and sera of 7 patients with Parkinson's disease were investigated
      immunocytochemically, in order to see if antibodies were present which recognized
      DA-ergic cell bodies in glutaraldehyde fixed rat brain. In 2 patients a marked
      labeling of DA-ergic neurons in the substantia nigra was observed, identified by
      anti-DA antiserum and by 6-OHDA induced degeneration, but also other neurons in
      the ventral mesencephalon were recognized. The other patients were weakly
      positive or negative. Sera gave unspecific labelling of all neurons. In one
      patient the sub-classes of IgG were investigated and found to be of IgG3
      (labeling nerve terminals) and of IgG1-2, low affinity type (recognizing
      perikarya). The epitopes recognized have not been identified, but are unlikely to
      be DA-like, since blocking experiments and ELISA-tests gave negative results. The
      possible clinical importance of the results are discussed.

PMID- 3412557
TI  - [Hyponatremia due to excess natriuresis].
AB  - Nine cases with hyponatremia were precisely examined during the past 2 years.
      Seven of them showed normal plasma volume, serum aldosterone and pituitary
      function, although ADH was detected. Therefore, those seven cases were diagnosed
      without dilutional hyponatremia due to SIADH (a syndrome of inappropriate
      secretion of antidiuretic hormone). The mechanism of hyponatremia of such a type
      has not been yet explained definitely, but it may be referring to excess
      natriuresis. Only each one case of hyponatremia due to hypopituitarism and
      dilutional hyponatremia due to SIADH was verified in this series. SIADH showing
      high plasma volume value was thought to be rare. Differential diagnosis between
      SIADH and hyponatremia due to excess natriuresis is essential and simple. Non
      invasive plasma volume measurement using RISA is significantly useful for it. For
      the hyponatremia due to excess natriuresis, water restriction is not necessary,
      but digestive supply of NaCl is needed.

PMID- 3412558
TI  - [Folliculo-stellate cells in normal human adenohypophyses and in pituitary
      adenomas].
AB  - Nine normal human adenohypophyses and 155 cases of pituitary adenoma of various
      endocrinological types were studied for existence of folliculo-stellate cells
      (FSCs) by an immunohistochemical method using the antibody for S-100 (S-100
      protein). In all normal materials, S-100 positive FSCs were distributed
      throughout the glands, constituting 0.9-4.0% of the adenohypophysial cells. FSCs
      were morphologically characteristic showing a few slender cytoplasmic processes
      which extended among the other endocrine cells. On the other hand, FSCs were
      recognized in 13 cases (8%) of the adenomas, which we called FSC-containing
      pituitary adenomas. In them, S-100 positive FSCs existed diffusely in the tissue
      and increased in number, but did not differ in appearance from those in the
      normal gland. We also examined immunoreactivity of FSCs for the anti-GFAP (glial
      fibrillary acidic protein) antibody. GFAP positive cells showed a greater number
      than S-100 positive cells in the normal glands, but a smaller number in the
      adenomas. Ultrastructural features of FSCs were observed in the tumor by an
      electron microscope. We studied clinical aspects of these FSC-containing
      adenomas, expecting some common features. However, we found no rules in age, sex,
      endocrinological type, tumor size, previous therapy, intraoperative finding of
      the tumor, and recurrence. So far, the function of FSC has not been clearly
      elucidated, and the present study did not contribute in this respect. The
      property of FSCs which proliferate in some adenomas is enigmatic. They may be
      entrapped normal cells, or reactive hyperplastic cells, or neoplastic cells. We
      considered them reactive hyperplastic cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3412559
TI  - [A clinical study of severe cases of hemorrhagic cerebral arteriovenous
      malformations].
AB  - The clinical study was undertaken on 24 poor risk patients out of 69 cases with
      hemorrhagic cerebral arteriovenous malformations, AVMs, and the surgical problems
      of poor risk patients with the lesions were discussed. The 24 cases, 35%, out of
      69 hemorrhagic AVMs cases showed disturbances of consciousness of 3 digits (100
      300) according to the Japan Coma Scale at the time of admission. All cases of
      these poor risk patients were observed less than 24 hours after the onset of the
      symptoms. Fifteen of these 24 cases showed brainstem signs including anisocoria
      and/or decerebrate rigidity and/or respiratory arrest. Eighty-three per cent of
      24 poor risk patients had serious neurological defects as a result of the first
      hemorrhage. Therefore, it was impossible to prevent serious state from occurring
      in poor risk patients. Of the 69 cases with hemorrhagic AVMs, 56 cases were
      operated upon. Although 90% out of 38 good risk patients whose level of
      consciousness was 0 to 30 according to the Japan Coma Scale showed good recovery,
      only 44% of 18 poor risk patients recovered well. It could not be said that the
      surgical treatment gave satisfactory results for the poor risk patients when
      compared with the surgical results of the good risk patients. In respect to the
      location of AVMs, all three poor risk patients with AVMs in the corpus callosum
      and the ventricles showed good recovery, whereas of the poor risk patients with
      AVMs in the cerebrum or the cerebellum, only 4 out of 9 cases (44%) and 1 out of
      6 cases (17%) showed good recovery respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3412560
TI  - [The effects of ticlopidine and nicardipine on the prevention of symptomatic
      vasospasm after aneurysmal rupture].
AB  - From the previous reports that the pathogenesis of cerebral vasospasm is most
      likely multifactorial process and that early removal of the clot may decrease the
      incidence or severity of the ischemic deficits and also that antifibrinolytic
      therapy increases the incidence and the severity of the symptomatic vasospasm, we
      attempted at prevention of the symptomatic vasospasm in aneurysmal patients with
      our own protocol. One hundred twenty-one consecutive patients with a ruptured
      aneurysm were operated upon within 48 hours after subarachnoid hemorrhage.
      Seventy-seven patients in group (A) were treated with a regimen of postoperative
      Ticlopidine and Nicardipine without antifibrinolytic therapy. Fifty-four patients
      in group (B) were not treated with the above regimen. Symptomatic vasospasm
      occurred only in four patients (5%) in group (A), but in 18 patients (33%) in
      group (B). In total series, 82% in group (A) and 63% in group (B) had an
      excellent to good outcome. Nine % in group (A) and 20% in group (B) had a poor
      outcome. The results indicate that our protocol with Ticlopidine and Nicardipine
      can reduce the incidence of symptomatic vasospasm following the aneurysmal
      rupture.

PMID- 3412561
TI  - [Origin of the capsule of a chronic subdural hematoma--an electron microscopy
      study].
AB  - To understand the early stage of subdural neomembrane (SN) formation, we examined
      23 outer SNs and two inner SNs of chronic subdural hematomas in surgical
      specimens. Ultrastructurally, the cellular component of the outer SN was
      fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, smooth-muscle cells (in four cases), blood vessels
      and blood-born cells. Dural border cells were observed only in limited areas.
      Namely, the outer SN is a simple granulation tissue which originates from
      multiple sources of mesenchymal cells in dura mater, and dural border cells are
      only one of constituent sources for SN formation. The inner SN was simply
      composed of slender spindle cells which were mostly fibroblasts and some were
      recognized as dural border cells. Our results showed that the subdural hematoma
      is actually an "intra" dural hematoma which is formed within the split dural
      border cell layer. The dura mater with rich vascular supply forms thick
      granulation tissue, that is outer SN and a few dural border cells on the
      underlying arachnoid membrane form thin fibrous inner SN.

PMID- 3412563
TI  - [Hypervascular chordoma: report of a case].
AB  - The authors report a rare case of sellar chordoma with a marked vascularity
      documented on cerebral angiogram. Its possible pathogenesis and some therapeutic
      problems were briefly discussed. Only a few cases of chordoma with such a
      positive tumor stain have been reported previously.

PMID- 3412562
TI  - [Cerebellar arteriovenous malformation presenting as trigeminal neuralgia].
AB  - A 44-year-old female had been suffering from left facial pain for six years. On
      admission, intermittent facial pain, hypesthesia and paresthesia were recognized
      in the 2nd division of the left trigeminal nerve. CT scan revealed an enhanced
      curvilinear mass on the left cerebellar hemisphere. The left vertebral angiogram
      demonstrated cerebellar arteriovenous malformation fed by the duplicated superior
      cerebellar arteries and drained into the inferior petrosal vein. The feeding
      arteries and the draining vein compressed the trigeminal nerve at its nerve entry
      zone. Removal of the nidus combined with neurovascular decompression of the
      trigeminal nerve resulted in complete relief of any facial pain.

PMID- 3412564
TI  - [Huge jugular foramen neurinoma extending to the pharyngeal region: a case
      report].
AB  - The authors report a rare case of a huge jugular foramen neurinoma extending to
      pharyngeal region in a 64 year-old woman who visited an otolaryngologist with
      complaints of dysphagia, hoarseness and headache in 1984. At that time a
      submucosal lump was noted in her left pharyngeal region. Biopsy of the tumor
      proved it to be neurinoma. A CT scan disclosed a dumbell shaped jugular foramen
      neurinoma and noncommunicating hydrocephalus. Because her symptoms slowly
      progressed and cerebellar signs as well as signs of increased intracranial
      pressure was noted, she was referred to our hospital in 1986. She had shown
      typical sings of left Vernet syndrome, VIIth, VIIIth cranial nerve impairment as
      well as cerebellar, long tract and increased ICP signs. A subtotal removal was
      performed from the extracranial and posterior fossa in one stage. The tumor
      seemed to originate from the Xth cranial nerve. The histological diagnosis of
      neurinoma was confirmed. Postoperatively, although her dysphagia increased for
      several weeks, a tracheostomy was not necessary. She was discharged 2 months
      later and returned to her usual occupation as a house wife. Slight dysphagia and
      hoarseness were her only chronic symptoms. So far, 88 cases of jugular foramen
      neurinoma have been reported, 15 of them including our case from Japan. Our case
      is probably the largest of these reported tumors. Tumors in jugular foramen often
      masquerade as an acoustic neurinoma or other tumor. However, recently this can
      usually be diagnosed preoperatively with a careful neurological examination and
      by means of neuroradiological investigations such as jugular venography, CT scan
      and MRI.

PMID- 3412565
TI  - [A case of cerebellar arteriovenous malformation with hemifacial spasm at onset].
AB  - A case of cerebellar AVM onset with hemifacial spasm was reported. The patient, a
      47 year old woman, had been suffering from lt. hemifacial spasm for 10 years, and
      she visited our hospital for operation. Preoperative angiography revealed that
      there was an AVM in the lt. cerebellar hemisphere fed by the lt. SCA and the lt.
      PICA. In addition, a non-ruptured saccular aneurysm was observed on the feeding
      SCA. The microvascular decompression was performed and the AVM was removed, since
      the lt. facial nerve had been compressed by this elongated and redundant PICA.
      After the operation, lt. hemifacial spasm disappeared. Two months after the
      operation, the aneurysm disappeared angiographically. These findings indicated
      that the hemodynamic stress due to the presence of AVM seemed to have resulted in
      ectasia or redundancy of the PICA and in the development of the aneurysm. Such a
      case was quite rare and it may be the first time to be reported in literatures.

PMID- 3412566
TI  - [A case of adenomatoid odontogenic tumor with intracranial extension].
AB  - A 49-year-old female of adenomatoid odontogenic tumor with intracranial extension
      was reported. She had 3 months history of left nasal obstruction and visual
      disturbance. Endocrinological examinations revealed a low basal level of serum
      cortisol and low level of urinary 17-OHCS. Neurological examinations revealed
      left anosmia and left visual disturbance (hand movement, marked afferent
      pupillary defect, and lower hemianopsia). Plain X-ray films and frontal tomograms
      of the skull showed a mass of soft tissue density in the left upper maxillary,
      left posterior ethmoid, and sphenoid sinuses with extensive destruction of the
      sella turcica, dorsum sellae, and anterior clinoid process. Plain axial CT scans
      demonstrated a low density mass filling up the left maxillary, left posterior
      ethmoid, and sphenoid sinuses and extending into the left middle fossa with bony
      destructions. Contrast-enhanced coronal CT scans demonstrated an extradural
      extension of the tumor into the left middle fossa and upward displacement of the
      pituitary complex. Left carotid angiograms showed a faint narrowing of the left
      internal carotid artery between the cisternal portion and the origin of the
      ophthalmic artery. Subtotal removal of the tumor and decompression of the optic
      canal and superior orbital fissure were performed via a left subtemporal
      extradural approach. Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor is a comparatively rare benign
      lesion which exhibits a slowly expansive growth without recurrence or metastasis
      after the surgical removal. No other case that recurred several times and
      extended into the intracranial space has been reported in the
      literature.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3412567
TI  - [An aneurysm of the distal anterior cerebral artery with a remarkably anomalous
      configuration].
AB  - A case of aneurysm on the distal anterior cerebral artery with a remarkably
      anomalous configuration was reported. In the present case, the left anterior
      cerebral artery showed hairpin-like angulation, at the top of which a small
      saccular aneurysm was noticed. This anomalous anterior cerebral artery seemed to
      feed the territories of the fronto-orbital artery and the pericallosal artery.
      Although the incidence of distal anterior cerebral artery aneurysm is low, they
      are very interesting due to several characteristics. According to the reported
      cases of distal anterior cerebral artery aneurysms, acute angulation of the
      parent vessel, at the top of which saccular aneurysm is often noticed, and the
      hemodynamic stress has been considered to play important roles in aneurysm
      formation. The findings of the cerebral angiograms and the operation of the
      present case were demonstrated.

PMID- 3412568
TI  - [Angioblastic meningioma with metastases to the vertebra and adjacent bones: a
      case report].
AB  - A case of angioblastic meningioma with multiple metastases to the vertebra and
      the adjacent bones is presented. A 60-year-old man was admitted to our hospital
      complaining of pain in the left arm, right chest and abdominal wall, the left
      buttock, and on the posterior surface of the both legs. He had first undergone
      subtotal removal of tentorial meningioma eight years before admission.
      Histological diagnosis of angioblastic meningioma was confirmed. He subsequently
      received radiation therapy when the tumor recurred six years before admission and
      again underwent subtotal removal of the recurrent tumor, followed by radiation
      therapy, four years before admission. Bone scintigrams demonstrated abnormal
      uptake of radionuclide by the vertebral arches of Th 1, Th 10, Th 11, the
      vertebral bodies of L 4, L 5, the right 7th rib, and the left iliac bone.
      Myelography and CT examination with intrathecal infusion of metrizamide revealed
      marked cord-compression by the space-occupying lesions at the level of the first
      and the tenth thoracic vertebral bodies. Chest roentgenograms, ultrasonograms and
      whole body CT examinations showed no other lesions. The tumor was partially
      resected from the iliac lesion. The diagnosis of metastatic meningioma was
      confirmed by the histological findings. Postoperative radiation therapy to the
      first, tenth, and eleventh portions of the thoracic vertebra, and the fourth and
      the fifth portions of the lumbar vertebra--the causative lesions of the pain-
      relieved the pain.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3412570
TI  - [A case of multiple superficial temporal artery pseudoaneurysms following
      craniotomy].
AB  - A case of multiple superficial temporal artery (STA) pseudoaneurysms following
      craniotomy is reported and a review of the literature is made. The patient was a
      17-year-old male who was hospitalized as he developed right hemiparesis 4 hours
      after golf ball injury to the left temporal region. He had been diagnosed as
      hemophilia A one year prior to the injury. CT scan showed right parietal
      intracranial hematoma with mass effect when he was submitted to emergency
      craniotomy. At surgery a linear scalp incision was made over the left temporal
      area after high factor VIII concentrates (con-VIII), 2,000 units, were
      administered. His postoperative course was uneventful and hemiparesis improved
      substantially, however two pulsatile masses along the incision scar over the
      scalp were noticed some 40 days after the hematoma removal. There was another
      pulsating mass in the left wrist where an arterial cannulation was made at the
      time of craniotomy. Selective angiograms showed two left STA pseudoaneurysms and
      left radial pseudoaneurysm was also demonstrated. The left STA was embolized with
      Gelfoam pieces through catheterization after administration of con-VIII, and the
      radial artery aneurysm was surgically resected. There was no evidence of
      recurrence of these lesions during the follow-up period of eight months. Among
      over 130 cases of STA pseudoaneurysms reported, there was no case with hemophilia
      and also no such a case described which developed after craniotomy on reviewing
      the literature. And it was proved that con-VIII has enabled a patient to tolerate
      embolization procedure through catheterization.

PMID- 3412569
TI  - [A case of calcified intracranial tuberculoma presenting unique MRI findings].
AB  - A 41-year-old male patient was admitted in our Ryukyu University Hospital
      complaining of parosmia. He had a history of miliary tuberculosis 21 years ago.
      Neurologically he showed left anosmia and hyperreflexia of the right upper
      extremity. Plain skull X-P and CT scan revealed a calcified mass, 25mm in
      diameter, at the left frontal base. In MRI, the mass showed isointensity using
      the T1 weighted inversion recovery sequence and heterogenously low intensity
      using the T2 weighted spin echo sequence. Surgery was performed by bifrontal
      craniotomy. Then the tumor was removed totally including two coexisting small
      tumors. Histologically, they consisted of calcified caseous tissue and thick
      collagen capsule, suggesting old calcified tuberculomas. Postoperative course was
      uneventful and did not result in meningitis. Antituberculous therapy of
      streptomycin, isoniazid and rifampin was given for 2 weeks, started on the
      operative day. MRI findings were presented in detail and the guideline of
      antituberculous therapy to the tuberculoma was discussed.

PMID- 3412571
TI  - Ultrastructural organization of efferent fiber endings in zones A1 and A4 of the
      cat auditory cortex in the superior olivary complex.

PMID- 3412572
TI  - Ultrastructural changes in the autonomic interneuron synapse activated during
      acetylcholinesterase suppression.

PMID- 3412573
TI  - Protective action of serotonin against acetylcholine-induced changes in
      ultrastructure of the Retzius neuron.

PMID- 3412575
TI  - Functional features of receptive fields of neurons in the posterotemporal cortex
      of the cat.

PMID- 3412574
TI  - Role of gamma-aminobutyric acid in the activation of the pituitary-testicular
      complex of mice induced by the presence of a female.

PMID- 3412576
TI  - Differences in habituation of nicotinic and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors of
      snail neuron RPa4.

PMID- 3412577
TI  - Role of feedback in the dynamics of functional asymmetry in the cerebral
      hemispheres in humans.

PMID- 3412578
TI  - Ultrastructure of blood capillaries in nervous tissue grafts developing in the
      anterior eye chamber.

PMID- 3412579
TI  - Surface structure of nervous tissue grafts developing in the anterior eye chamber
      of the rat (electron microscopic investigation).

PMID- 3412580
TI  - Deletions of mitochondrial DNA in Kearns-Sayre syndrome.
AB  - We have identified large-scale deletions in muscle mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in
      seven of seven patients with Kearns-Sayre syndrome (KSS). We found no detectable
      deletions in the mtDNA of ten non-KSS patients with other mitochondrial
      myopathies or encephalomyopathies, or three normal controls. The deletions ranged
      in size from 2.0 to 7.0 kb, and did not localize to any single region of the
      mitochondrial genome. The proportion of mutated genomes in each KSS patient
      ranged from 45% to 75% of total mtDNA. There was no correlation between the size
      or site of the deletion, biochemical abnormality of mitochondrial enzymes, or
      clinical severity. The data bolster arguments that KSS is a unique disorder and
      genetic in origin.

PMID- 3412582
TI  - Aspiration following stroke: clinical correlates and outcome.
AB  - Among 47 patients with stroke evaluated clinically and videofluoroscopically, one
      half aspirated. Patients with combined cerebral-brainstem strokes with bilateral
      cranial nerve signs were at greatest risk, but aspiration also occurred in the
      context of unilateral signs. Dysphonia was the common clinical characteristic of
      aspirating patients. Single chest roentgenograms were of limited value in
      predicting aspiration. Outcome was favorable following compensatory oral feeding
      programs.

PMID- 3412581
TI  - The retinal nerve fiber layer, neuroretinal rim area, and visual evoked
      potentials in MS.
AB  - In a prospective study of 57 patients with clinically definite, probable, or
      possible multiple sclerosis (MS), one-half of whom had a history of optic
      neuritis, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) defects and the neuroretinal rim (NRR)
      area were quantitatively determined and compared with the visual evoked potential
      (VEP). There were abnormal VEP latencies in 63% of all patients (definite and
      probable = 68%, possible = 50%); local or diffuse RNFL defects in 54%, (definite
      and probable = 54%, possible = 50%); and an abnormally small NRR area in 30%
      (definite and probable = 32%, possible = 25%). Abnormalities in one or more of
      the VEP, RNFL, or NRR area occurred in 86% of all patients (definite and probable
      = 90%, possible = 75%), thus considerably increasing the yield of optic nerve
      abnormalities over that of the VEP alone. The predominance and extent of the
      diffuse RNFL defects, which are axonal abnormalities, suggest a more diffuse
      optic nerve pathology in MS than can be accounted for by a "plaque" pathology and
      indicate that extensive axonal loss commonly occurs in the optic nerves of MS.

PMID- 3412583
TI  - Early seizures following intracerebral hemorrhage: implications for therapy.
AB  - Seizures occurred in 19 of 112 patients (17%) with nontraumatic, supratentorial
      intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). All seizures occurred at ICH onset; patients
      without seizures at hemorrhage onset remained seizure-free until the last
      recorded follow-up. Seizures were significantly associated with extension of
      blood into the cerebral cortex. We found no association between seizures and
      hemorrhage size or the presence of subarachnoid or intraventricular blood. These
      data suggest that (1) seizures, in ICH, occur at hemorrhage onset, (2) patients
      without seizures at hemorrhage onset are at very low risk for subsequent seizures
      during their hospitalization, (3) hemorrhage involving the cerebral cortex,
      regardless of site of origin, predisposes to seizures, and (4) the prophylactic
      use of anticonvulsants in the acute management of these patients appears
      unwarranted, especially in patients without cortical extension.

PMID- 3412584
TI  - Erectile dysfunction in multiple sclerosis.
AB  - In a sample of 29 impotent men with multiple sclerosis and erectile problems,
      penile arterial inflow and venous outflow were within normal limits. In 26
      patients, the pudendal evoked potential (PEP) was abnormal, and eight of these
      also had abnormal bulbocavernous reflex (BCR). Three patients had abnormal PEP
      and normal BCR, and of these, two had normal and one had abnormal nocturnal
      erectile activity. The validity of PEP/BCR testing was supported by normal
      findings in six patients with MS and without erectile problems. Nocturnal
      erectile activity was normal in 11 patients, of whom nine had abnormal PEP and/or
      BCR. A high disability score corresponded poorly with both reduced sexual
      function, insufficient nocturnal erectile activity, and abnormal PEP and/or BCR.
      Intracavernous injection of papaverine gave erection in 27 patients, the dose
      needed to create an erection being inversely related to the level of disablement.
      PEP and BCR testing may be more sensitive in defining neurogenic erectile
      dysfunction (ED) than nocturnal erectile activity. We considered 26 of the cases
      to have a neurogenic cause of ED and three to have mainly a psychogenic cause.

PMID- 3412585
TI  - Morbidity and mortality of craniotomy for excision of supratentorial gliomas.
AB  - Extensive surgical resection of supratentorial gliomas increases survival.
      However, some reports suggest that the perioperative morbidity and mortality
      outweigh the potential benefit of the procedure. We examined prospectively
      morbidity and mortality in 104 consecutive patients who underwent surgery for
      supratentorial glioma, as well as other factors that might affect the short-term
      outcome. To determine if our experience was unusual, we compared these results
      with those obtained from another academic neurosurgical center by a review of the
      records of 109 patients also treated surgically for supratentorial glioma.
      Mortality was 3.3% and the medical plus neurologic morbidity was 31.7%.
      Functionally significant neurologic worsening occurred in 42 (19.7%) patients.
      Complications were more frequent in patients with moderate or severe preoperative
      disabilities than those with mild or no preoperative disability. Patients with
      complete resection had fewer acute neurologic complications, and no greater risk
      of being neurologically impaired at 1 week, than patients with biopsy or less
      extensive procedures. Morbidity and mortality correlated with location: deep
      midline lesions had a higher overall rate of perioperative complications (p =
      0.032) and mortality (p = 0.019) and bilateral lesions a higher rate of
      hemorrhage (p = 0.017) and hydrocephalus (p = 0.010). Older patients (greater
      than 55 years) and those receiving high daily dose of preoperative dexamethasone
      (greater than or equal to 24 mg) had a significantly higher risk of surgical
      mortality. Reoperation for recurrent tumor carried no greater risk of mortality,
      neurologic deterioration, and infection than a first operation.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3412586
TI  - Kearns-Sayre syndrome in twins: lethal dominant mutation or acquired disease?
AB  - We studied twin brothers who met all diagnostic criteria for the Kearns-Sayre
      syndrome (KSS). The twins reinforce the view that KSS is a specific syndrome.
      They raise the possibility that the condition is inherited as a lethal dominant
      trait, a mode of inheritance that explains the observed paucity of familial
      cases. However, these cases do not exclude the possibility of an acquired cause,
      such as persistent viral infection of the brain.

PMID- 3412588
TI  - The risk of unprovoked seizures after encephalitis and meningitis.
AB  - A population-based cohort of 714 survivors of encephalitis or meningitis between
      1935 and 1981 was followed in order to evaluate the risks of unprovoked seizures
      after CNS infections. The 20-year risk of developing unprovoked seizures was
      6.8%, and the ratio of observed to expected cases of unprovoked seizures was 6.9.
      The increased incidence of unprovoked seizures was highest during the first 5
      years after the CNS infection but remained elevated over the next 15 years of
      follow-up. The type of CNS infection and the presence or absence of seizures
      during the acute phase of the CNS infection greatly influenced the risks of
      subsequent unprovoked seizures. The 20-year risk of developing unprovoked
      seizures was 22% for patients with viral encephalitis and early seizures, 10% for
      patients with viral encephalitis without early seizures, 13% for patients with
      bacterial meningitis and early seizures, and 2.4% for patients with bacterial
      meningitis without early seizures. The 20-year risk of 2.1% for patients with
      aseptic meningitis was not increased over the general population incidence of
      unprovoked seizures.

PMID- 3412589
TI  - Does levodopa aggravate Parkinson's disease?
AB  - We studied the possible deleterious effect of levodopa therapy on 185 patients
      with Parkinson's disease and concluded that the time when levodopa is introduced,
      the daily dose, and the duration of treatment do not aggravate Parkinson's
      disease. We also studied 72 parkinsonian patients with levodopa-induced abnormal
      involuntary movements to see whether early initiation of levodopa therapy
      affected the time of onset of abnormal involuntary movements. The results
      suggested that it did not, and that levodopa was started early in these patients
      because of the severity of their motor disability.

PMID- 3412587
TI  - A comparison of clinical and pathological features of young- and old-onset
      Parkinson's disease.
AB  - We compared 46 patients having onset of Parkinson's disease before age 45 years
      with 52 having onset after age 70. Young-onset cases more often presented with
      muscular stiffness (43%) and old-onset with difficulty walking (33%). One-third
      of young-onset cases had off-period dystonia, mostly affecting the legs, but no
      dystonia was recorded in old-onset cases. Presentation with rest tremor occurred
      in 41% of young-onset and 63% of old-onset. There were no differences in the
      number of affected relatives, endocrine disease, personality characteristics,
      dementia, or dyskinesia. A pathological study of 12 young-onset and 22 old-onset
      cases showed 24% greater nigral cell loss in the young, but no differences in the
      basic Lewy body pathology. Median disease duration in young cases was 5 years
      longer in the clinical study and 12 years longer in the pathological study. These
      studies show that the Parkinson's disease process is similar in young- and old
      onset cases.

PMID- 3412590
TI  - Canine and human myasthenia gravis autoantibodies recognize similar regions on
      the acetylcholine receptor.
AB  - Serum from 35 cases of naturally occurring acquired canine myasthenia gravis (MG)
      were assayed for patterns of autoantibody specificities against canine
      acetylcholine receptor (AChR) using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and antiserum
      against defined regions of the AChR as competitive inhibitors of autoantibody
      binding. In human MG patients and in animals immunized with AChR purified from
      fish electric organs or mammalian muscle, most of the antibodies are directed
      against the main immunogenic region (MIR), a conformationally dependent region
      located on the extracellular surface of the alpha subunit away from the ACh
      binding site. In our studies using canine MG serum, we found that, as in human MG
      and in animals immunized with AChR, the antibody response is heterogeneous and
      predominantly IgG, with a large proportion of the autoantibodies directed against
      the MIR. The mAbs to the MIR blocked an average of 68% of serum antibody binding.
      A mAb to the beta subunit and polyclonal antiserum to the gamma subunit blocked
      an average of 34% and 39% of serum antibody binding, respectively, indicating
      that these subunits also contain relevant antigenic determinants, a pattern that
      has also been observed in human MG serum. Anti-alpha bungarotoxin binding site
      antibodies made up only a small fraction of the autoantibody population in canine
      MG as in human MG. These and other features described here suggest that canine MG
      is a useful model of human MG.

PMID- 3412591
TI  - Amitriptyline, but not lorazepam, relieves postherpetic neuralgia.
AB  - In a double-blind, randomized, crossover study, 58 patients with postherpetic
      neuralgia received 6-week courses of amitriptyline, 12.5 to 150 mg/d; lorazepam,
      0.5 to 6 mg/d; or lactose placebo. Doses were titrated to the maximum level
      tolerated. Patients rated pain in a diary, using lists of verbal descriptors.
      Forty-seven percent of patients reported moderate or greater relief with
      amitriptyline, 16% with placebo, and 15% with lorazepam. Mean amitriptyline dose
      was 65 mg/d. Greater relief was associated with higher amitriptyline doses, up to
      the maximum dose of 150 mg/d, and with higher serum tricyclic levels. Lorazepam
      did not relieve pain and was associated with severe depressive reactions in four
      patients.

PMID- 3412592
TI  - Friedreich's disease: survival analysis in an Italian population.
AB  - This investigation is the first population-based study of survival in
      Friedreich's disease (FD). All cases of FD diagnosed between 1945 through 1984
      among residents of a defined area of northwestern Italy were ascertained (N =
      58). These patients were followed to death or to December 31, 1984 (whichever
      came first) to determine the patterns of survival. The 10-, 20-, and 30-year
      survival rates were respectively 96%, 80%, and 61%, suggesting a better prognosis
      than previously reported. Survival of FD patients was poorer than expected from
      the general population. Survival for males was poorer than for females even after
      adjustment for expected survival. Age of onset was not a significant prognostic
      factor. Survival for patients diagnosed in 1960 or later was better than for
      those diagnosed before 1960; however, the difference was not statistically
      significant.

PMID- 3412593
TI  - Lyme disease patients' serum contains IgM antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi that
      cross-react with neuronal antigens.
AB  - Serum from patients with neurologic manifestations of Lyme disease had serum IgM
      antibodies that bound to normal human axons, whereas binding was absent or weak
      in patients without neurologic findings. Antiaxonal binding could be eliminated
      by absorption with Borrelia burgdorferi. A murine monoclonal antibody to the
      borrelial flagellin also bound to human axons.

PMID- 3412594
TI  - Neuropsychological effects of brain autograft of adrenal medullary tissue for the
      treatment of Parkinson's disease.
AB  - We describe the pre- and postoperative neuropsychological profiles of seven
      patients who received an autograft of adrenal medullary tissue to the caudate
      nucleus for the treatment of Parkinson's Disease (PD). The preoperative
      neuropsychological evaluations revealed specific cognitive deficits of varying
      degree. The patients showed frontal lobe-type deficits with alterations in
      behavioral programming leading to difficulties in the organization of motor
      sequences and alternating programs. They also showed memory disorders and
      visuospatial and visuoperceptual deficiences such as a loss of figure-ground
      perspective and fragmentation. Postoperative evaluations, carried out 3 months
      after neurosurgery, revealed a significant amelioration of the frontal lobe-type
      symptoms and visuospatial deficits, as well as an improvement in memory tasks
      that require an active organization of the response. Immediate and delayed memory
      difficulties remained unchanged. These observations were compared to
      neuropsychological data obtained from neurologically intact subjects and from
      unoperated PD patients. The improvements of the operated PD patients resulted in
      performance levels close to normal values and clearly distinguishable from those
      of unoperated PD patients, and were unrelated to improved mood, increased
      alertness, or sustained attention. Autotransplantation of adrenal medullary
      tissue to the caudate nucleus of PD patients showing a decreased effective
      response to L-dopa therapy can partially restore motor functions and frontal-type
      cognitive symptoms.

PMID- 3412595
TI  - Serum antibodies to GM1 ganglioside in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
AB  - We report the presence of serum antibodies directed against GM1 ganglioside, a
      defined neural antigen, in many patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
      (ALS). We examined serum from a series of patients with well-documented clinical
      diagnoses. Serum antibodies to GM1 ganglioside were measured using ELISA assays.
      Our results showed that polyclonal IgM anti-GM1 antibodies were present at
      dilutions of 1:25 to 1:2,000 in 42 of 74 (57%) patients with ALS. The anti-GM1
      antibodies were especially frequent in patients with prominent lower motor neuron
      signs (41/59; 69%). Few normal controls (2/23) and motor-sensory neuropathy
      patients (3/27) had similar antibodies. Anti-GM1 antibodies did occur in patients
      with nonneural autoimmune disorders. However, the anti-GM1 antibodies in these
      patients tended to differ from those in ALS based on an analysis of their light
      chain types. Further examination of the role and spectrum of serum
      antiganglioside antibody activity in motor neuron syndromes is warranted.

PMID- 3412596
TI  - Alterations in receptors for thyrotropin-releasing hormone, serotonin, and
      acetylcholine in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
AB  - We utilized quantitative autoradiography to examine thyrotropin-releasing hormone
      (TRH) receptors, serotonin type 1A (5-HT1A) receptors, muscarinic cholinergic
      receptors, choline uptake sites, beta-adrenergic receptors, and norepinephrine
      uptake sites in discrete laminae of spinal cord from patients with amyotrophic
      lateral sclerosis (ALS) and non-neurologic controls. We found decreases of over
      50% in the concentration of TRH receptors in lamina IX of cervical, thoracic, and
      lumbar spinal cord from ALS patients. Similar reductions were noted in
      concentrations of muscarinic cholinergic receptors in lamina IX of spinal cords
      from ALS patients. Significant increases of up to 140% in 5-HT1A receptor
      densities were noted in lamina IX of spinal cords from ALS patients. No
      differences were noted between the concentrations of beta-adrenergic receptors or
      norepinephrine uptake sites in patients with ALS and controls. These findings
      suggest that TRH and 5-HT may be involved in the pathophysiology of ALS, and act
      in a comodulatory role in the normal spinal cord.

PMID- 3412597
TI  - The treatment of Friedreich's ataxia with amantadine hydrochloride.
AB  - Amantadine hydrochloride (AH) was orally administered to 16 patients with
      Friedreich's ataxia. We evaluated patient response with the functional ataxia
      scoring scale and calculated a total disability score. The mean percent
      improvement of the total disability score was 29.5%; for ambulatory patients
      alone it was 45.5%. No significant side effects were encountered. AH appears to
      be a safe and effective symptomatic treatment of Friedreich's ataxia.

PMID- 3412598
TI  - Bromocriptine-induced trigeminal neuralgia attacks in a patient with a pituitary
      tumor.
AB  - We describe a patient who suffered from ophthalmic trigeminal neuralgia as an
      isolated symptom of a noninvasive pituitary tumor. Bromocriptine appeared to
      provoke the attacks within hours. This provocation could be prevented by
      domperidone. After adenomectomy, both spontaneous and induced attacks
      disappeared. Acute transient cell swelling may be the mechanism by which
      bromocriptine induced the neuralgic attacks.

PMID- 3412599
TI  - The clinical and computed tomographic features of cerebellar peduncular
      hemorrhage.
AB  - Three patients with medial ventral cerebellar peduncular hemorrhages presented
      with a characteristic syndrome. This included (1) ipsilateral ataxia, (2) lower
      motor neuron type facial weakness, and (3) ipsilateral gaze paresis. The gaze
      paresis could not be overcome with a doll's head maneuver. The findings are
      explained by compression of the facial colliculus, with involvement of the sixth
      nerve nucleus and the middle cerebellar peduncle. Two patients were hypertensive;
      one was normotensive, and no etiology was identified with angiography. Of 40
      patients with cerebellar hemorrhage seen at our institution, only those with
      medial cerebellar peduncular hematomas demonstrated this clinical triad, and we
      have not seen this clinical triad in other pathologic conditions. The diagnosis
      of a small medial cerebellar peduncular hemorrhage was established by CT. In two
      patients, repeat CT showed complete hematoma resolution. The patients shared a
      favorable prognosis.

PMID- 3412600
TI  - Transient drug-induced abolition of BAEPs in coma.
AB  - Combined infusion of high doses of lidocaine and thiopental in a comatose patient
      induced major latency and amplitude BAEP changes, which progressed to complete
      BAEP abolition. Responses returned to normal after drugs were discontinued. EEGs
      during the episodes showed long-lasting periods of activity suppression, but were
      never isoelectric. BAEPs are resistant to hypothermia and barbiturates, but must
      be interpreted cautiously in patients treated with a combination of anesthetic
      drugs that includes lidocaine.

PMID- 3412601
TI  - A case of persistent cortical deafness: clinical, neurophysiologic, and
      neuropathologic observations.
AB  - A 61-year-old man became deaf after the second of two cerebral infarctions which
      successively involved the temporal and adjacent cortices. He remained completely
      deaf until death 27 months later. Click stimulation demonstrated normal short
      latency potentials, middle-latency responses better developed to stimulation of
      the right than of the left ear, and absent long-latency potentials.
      Neuropathologic examination showed cystic infarctions involving both transverse
      temporal gyri and adjacent cortical areas with preservation of the brainstem
      auditory nuclei. Persistent deafness can result from bilateral lesions involving
      the auditory and adjoining cortices.

PMID- 3412602
TI  - Clinical neuromythology II. Parables of palsy pills and PT pedagogy: a spastic
      dialectic.

PMID- 3412603
TI  - Survival after herpes simplex type II myelitis.

PMID- 3412604
TI  - 'Convulsions' in basilar artery occlusion.

PMID- 3412605
TI  - Isolated one-and-one-half syndrome from focal brainstem hypertensive hemorrhage:
      precise localization with MRI.

PMID- 3412606
TI  - Anticoagulation of embolic strokes.

PMID- 3412608
TI  - Myasthenia in Chinese females (correction)

PMID- 3412607
TI  - Is smoking a risk factor in Alzheimer's disease?

PMID- 3412609
TI  - Phenobarbital for status epilepticus.

PMID- 3412610
TI  - Model curriculum.

PMID- 3412611
TI  - Intracerebral hematoma.

PMID- 3412612
TI  - [Mitral valve prolapse and arrhythmia].

PMID- 3412613
TI  - [Validity of a fixed atenolol/hydrochlorothiazide/amiloride combination
      (100/25/2.5 mg) in the therapy of essential arterial hypertension].

PMID- 3412614
TI  - [Loco-regional thrombolytic therapy with urokinase in deep venous thrombosis of
      the legs. Our experience].

PMID- 3412615
TI  - [Early prognostic determinants in patients with non-complicated myocardial
      infarct].

PMID- 3412616
TI  - [Localization of the atherosclerotic lesion. Re-evaluation of the hemodynamic
      factor].

PMID- 3412617
TI  - [Isometric exercise in the non-invasive diagnosis of ischemic cardiopathy. 2
      dimensional echocardiography study].

PMID- 3412618
TI  - [Therapeutic problems of non-acid esophagitis].

PMID- 3412619
TI  - [Pathology of the residual cystic stump in the onset of post-cholecystectomy
      syndrome].

PMID- 3412620
TI  - [Diagnostic and therapeutic tactics in early gastric cancer].

PMID- 3412621
TI  - [Carcinoma of the gallbladder. Our experience].

PMID- 3412622
TI  - [Treatment of secondary aorto-intestinal fistulas].

PMID- 3412623
TI  - [Evaluation of the effectiveness of preoperative antiblastic chemotherapy
      (neoadjuvant) in carcinoma of the bladder].

PMID- 3412624
TI  - [Granulosa cell tumor. Personal cases].

PMID- 3412625
TI  - [Spontaneous passage of residual biliary calculi into the duodenum. Apropos of 2
      cases].

PMID- 3412626
TI  - [A case of strangulated Littre's hernia in right inguinal site].

PMID- 3412627
TI  - [Primary retroperitoneal seminoma. Presentation of a clinical case].

PMID- 3412628
TI  - [Circumcision with preputioplasty. Note on operative technic].

PMID- 3412629
TI  - Acetylcholinesterase in the human frontal associative cortex during the period of
      cognitive development: early laminar shifts and late innervation of pyramidal
      neurons.
AB  - Laminar preferences in fibrillar acetylcholinesterase (AChE) staining change
      dramatically in the human frontal cortex during the first postnatal year and
      perikaryal reactivity is found only in non-pyramidal neurons. The AChE reactivity
      of layer III pyramidal cell bodies and surrounding fibrillar network begins to
      develop after the first postnatal year, increases gradually and reaches its peak
      intensity in young adults, displaying a cluster-like arrangement. These data
      suggest that AChE-rich elements participate in the innervation of cortical
      associative neurons and layers during the cognitive development in man.

PMID- 3412630
TI  - Immunohistochemical demonstration of S-100 protein in the brain neurosecretory
      cells of invertebrates (insects and earthworms).
AB  - This immunohistochemical study demonstrated the presence of S-100 protein (-like
      substance) in the nervous systems of some invertebrate animals. The
      immunoreactivity of S-100 protein was detected in some neurosecretory cells, but
      not in glial cells in the brains (cerebral ganglia) of silkworms, cockroaches and
      earthworms. The immunoreactive nerve fibers extended to the neurohemal organs.
      These results suggested the possibility that S-100 protein (-like substance) may
      act as a neurohormone or carrier protein in invertebrate animals.

PMID- 3412631
TI  - Acid-induced injury in elasmobranch brain.
AB  - Sodium lactate injection into rat brain produces coagulation necrosis consistent
      with infarction when pH0 is held at less than or equal to 5.30 for 20 min. Such
      injury may result from excessive astroglial acidification. If true, then brain
      damage from acidosis in elasmobranchs might evolve differently since glial
      reaction there to another necrotizing injury, exposure to extreme cold, is
      dissimilar from that seen in mammals. Accordingly, pH0 was monitored and sodium
      lactate (pH 4.00-7.00) injected into skate (Raja erinacea) cerebella. Necrosis
      was seen only when pH0 was less than or equal to 4.86 for 20 min; and pH0 rise
      after injections was unaffected by those which destroyed brain, and not slowed as
      in rat. Thus elasmobranchs are less susceptible to irreversible brain injury from
      acidosis, a capacity which may result from their lower body temperature compared
      to mammals.

PMID- 3412633
TI  - Response of hip joint afferent fibers to pressure and vibration in the cat.
AB  - Mechanical properties of 33 slowly adapting and 8 quickly adapting capsule
      receptors of the hip joint were investigated. All the slowly adapting receptors
      identified were of a limited range, discharging only when the femur was rotated
      to its limit of movement. They behaved as single-spot high-threshold pressure
      receptors as shown by the von Frey's hairs. In addition they showed a low
      sensitivity to vibratory stimuli applied perpendicularly to their receptive
      field. Only 14 out of 33 units were found to discharge following vibration; 11
      could be driven 1:1 at different frequencies. There was a general trend to be
      entrained at lower amplitudes for higher frequencies of vibration. A positive
      correlation between the pressure threshold and both activation angle and
      vibration threshold was found. The mechanical properties of all the quickly
      adapting capsule receptors were found to be similar to those described in other
      tissues. Finally, unlike joint receptors, slowly adapting muscle afferents
      travelling in the same hip articular nerve were highly sensitive to pressure and
      vibratory stimuli.

PMID- 3412632
TI  - The activities of lung stretch and irritant receptors during cough.
AB  - In unilaterally vagotomized rabbits, changes in single vagal nerve fibers from
      the lung stretch and irritant receptors were studied during the cough reflex
      following ammonia vapour administered into the lungs. The discharge rates of
      slowly adapting pulmonary stretch receptors (SARs) before the onset of cough and
      at the onset of cough did not change significantly. In contrast, the occurrence
      of cough after ammonia inhalation was usually preceded by vigorous stimulation of
      the rapidly adapting pulmonary stretch receptors (RARs). These results suggest
      that the genesis of cough provoked by ammonia is mainly mediated by afferent
      input from RARs.

PMID- 3412634
TI  - How two sites in the rat's nucleus raphe magnus interact to inhibit the tail
      flick reflex.
AB  - Two stimulating microelectrodes were inserted 0.5 mm apart in the rat's nucleus
      raphe magnus (NRM), giving a joint electrical threshold for suppression of the
      heat-evoked tail-flick reflex. Synchronous stimulation often required more
      current than predicted by consideration of each site's solitary threshold.
      Asynchronous stimulation required yet more current. We postulate that some NRM
      cells, perhaps corresponding to the 'on-cells' found previously by microelectrode
      recording, facilitate flexion and become relatively more influential at higher
      stimulus currents. We also postulate that the dominating cells that suppress
      flexion, possibly 'off-cells', operate optimally when firing simultaneously.

PMID- 3412636
TI  - Layer VII of rodent cerebral cortex.
AB  - The cerebral isocortex is usually considered to be a 6-layered structure. Our
      anatomical findings suggest that layer VII be recognized as a distinct entity in
      rodent isocortex. This conclusion is based on cytoarchitectural,
      fiberarchitectural, connectional and developmental data.

PMID- 3412635
TI  - Severe mitochondrial anomaly in dystrophic mouse skeletal muscle.
AB  - Mitochondrial fractions were isolated from skeletal muscle of control (C57 BL 6J
      dy/+) and dystrophic (C57 BL 6J dy/dy) mice, and enzymatic activities (cytochrome
      c oxidase, rotenone-insensitive NADH cytochrome c reductase) were determined.
      After electrophoretic separation, calcium-binding proteins were identified. An
      important anomaly was observed in the mitochondria of dystrophic muscle, i.e., a
      considerable reduction of a specific calcium-binding protein (61,000 Da mol.
      wt.).

PMID- 3412637
TI  - Ventilatory effects of naloxone via the sympathoadrenal system in the neonate?
AB  - Rabbit pups responded to hypoxia (6% O2 in N2) with a biphasic respiratory
      pattern, an initial increase by 1 min followed by a decrease. Naloxone (0.8
      mg/kg) was found to abolish the declining phase of hypoxia, showing a sustained
      increase of ventilation throughout the hypoxic challenge. Phentolamine (30
      micrograms/kg), an alpha-blocker, had no effect on the normal hypoxic response.
      However, pretreating the pups with phentolamine and then administering naloxone
      resulted in a biphasic response to hypoxia. We propose that the naloxone effects
      on ventilation are mediated in conjunction with the adrenergic system.

PMID- 3412638
TI  - Reduction in baroreceptor reflex response by angiotension III and its
      modification by Ile7-angiotensin III and bestatin in the rat.
AB  - We evaluated the participation of endogenous brain angiotensin III (AIII) in
      central cardiovascular regulation, using the intracerebroventricular injection
      technique in Sprague-Dawley rats anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium (50
      mg/kg, i.p.). AIII (100 pmol) promoted an elevation in systemic arterial pressure
      and a reduction in the baroreceptor reflex (BRR) response. Its specific
      antagonist, Ile7-AIII (100 nmol), and the aminopeptidase inhibitor, bestatin (200
      nmol), on the other hand, augmented the response of the same reflex. The
      suppressive action of AIII (100 pmol) on the BRR was attenuated, and the
      enhancing effect of Ile7-AIII (100 nmol) was potentiated, however, when these two
      peptides were administered simultaneously with bestatin (200 nmol). All these
      events were significantly different from their controls during the first 10-15
      min following injection, parallel to the time course of a discernible action of
      AIII on systemic arterial pressure. We discussed that the endogenous AIII in the
      central nervous system may participate in cardiovascular control by tonically
      inhibiting the BRR, in concert with other brain neuropeptides.

PMID- 3412639
TI  - Conditioned taste aversion is reduced in rats with a history of
      lithium/pilocarpine-induced limbic seizures.
AB  - Limbic seizures were evoked in rats by single subcutaneous injections of lithium
      and pilocarpine that are known to elicit severe damage to gustatory-affective
      centers in the brain. About two months later 12 of these rats and 12 control rats
      that received either lithium or pilocarpine (no seizures) were given free access
      to 10% sucrose solutions and then injected with 0.15 M LiCl (10 ml/kg). Whereas
      the control rats demonstrated the expected conditioned taste aversion (CTA) to
      later presentations of sucrose during single bottle drinking tests, the rats that
      had been seizured demonstrated a significant attenuation in CTA.

PMID- 3412640
TI  - Pertussis toxin suppresses long-term potentiation of hippocampal mossy fiber
      synapses.
AB  - The long-term potentiation (LTP) was studied using rat hippocampal slices in
      vitro. LTP in mossy fiber-CA3 pyramidal cell synapses was markedly suppressed in
      slices prepared from rats which had previously received intraventricular
      injection of pertussis toxin (PTX), compared with the bovine serum albumin
      injected controls, suggesting the involvement of G-proteins in the mechanism of
      LTP in mossy fiber synapses. In contrast, LTP in Schaffer/commissural-CA1
      pyramidal synapses was not affected by PTX pretreatment.

PMID- 3412642
TI  - A role for protein kinase C in astrocyte glycogen metabolism.
AB  - Astrocytes accumulated 2-[3H]deoxyglucose (2-DG) from the incubation medium and
      incorporated a proportion of it into glycogen. When cells were exposed to the
      phorbol ester, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), or the diacylglycerol
      analogue, dioctanoylglycerol, there was a 30% reduction in the amount of 3H
      recovered in the glycogen pool. This effect was abolished in cells which had been
      depleted of protein kinase C (PKC) by prior exposure to PMA. Activation of
      adenylate cyclase with forskolin caused an increase (40%) in glycogen labelling
      indicating enhanced glycogen turnover. However, this effect was potentiated when
      astrocytes were incubated with forskolin and PMA in combination. We suggest that
      there is an interaction between PKC and adenylate cyclase in the regulation of
      astrocyte glycogen metabolism.

PMID- 3412641
TI  - A membrane-associated dimer of acetylcholinesterase from Xenopus skeletal muscle
      is solubilized by phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C.
AB  - The susceptibility to phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C of the
      membrane associated acetylcholinesterase (AChE) forms of Xenopus laevis skeletal
      muscle was examined. This treatment released almost all the detergent-soluble
      AChE species from muscle homogenates. Sucrose gradient analysis showed that the
      released acetylcholinesterase form corresponds to a hydrophilic G2 dimer,
      indicating that this dimer has a glycolipid anchoring domain which contains
      phosphatidylinositol.

PMID- 3412643
TI  - The excitatory amino acid antagonist kynurenic acid administered after hypoxic
      ischemia in neonatal rats offers neuroprotection.
AB  - The neuroprotective effect of kynurenic acid, an unspecific antagonist of
      excitatory amino acid receptors, was evaluated in a model of hypoxic-ischemia in
      neonatal rats. One-week-old rats were subjected to ligation of the left carotid
      artery and exposure to 7.7% O2/92.3% N2 for 2 h. Kynurenic acid (300 mg/kg) was
      administered i.p. immediately after the period of hypoxic-ischemia in one group
      (n = 32) and compared with saline-treated (n = 27). After 2 weeks the rats were
      sacrificed and the brain damage evaluated by comparing the weight of the lesioned
      and unlesioned hemispheres. In rats receiving kynurenic acid the reduction in
      weight of the lesioned hemisphere was 25.4 +/- 3.3% as compared to 37.8 +/- 3.6%
      in saline-treated controls (P less than 0.001). The results suggest that
      excitatory amino acids are involved in the development of postischemic damage in
      the immature brain.

PMID- 3412644
TI  - Ganglioside potentiation of NGF-independent trophic agents on sensory ganglia.
AB  - The ability of gangliosides to potentiate nerve growth factor (NGF)-independent
      trophic agents was determined by examining the capacity of an exogenous mixture
      of bovine brain gangliosides (BBG) and the monosialoganglioside GM1 to enhance
      the neuritogenic action of conditioned media (CM). CM were prepared with cultures
      of C6 glioma cells, neonatal rat astroglial cells, rat L6 myoblasts and chick
      embryonic skeletal muscle. Chick embryonic (9 day) dorsal root ganglia (DRG) were
      cultured on collagen-coated surfaces. The nutrient media with serum added or
      serum-free N1 medium were supplemented with 50% of one of the CM with or without
      BBG (150 micrograms/ml) or GM1 (150 micrograms/ml). The neuritogenic responses of
      DRG 48 h in vitro were evaluated microscopically on the basis of neurite length
      and number. The neurite promoting action of the factor(s) present in the various
      CM was potentiated by BBG or GM1 and resulted in increased neurite length and
      number.

PMID- 3412645
TI  - The role of the ventromedial thalamic nucleus in the catalepsy evoked from the
      substantia nigra pars reticulata in rats.
AB  - Picrotoxin (25, 50 and 100 ng), injected unilaterally into the posterior part of
      the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNR) of rats, evoked a dose-dependent
      catalepsy. The catalepsy evoked by 100 ng of picrotoxin injected into the SNR was
      abolished by a subsequent bilateral injection of the same drug (200 ng) into the
      ventromedial thalamic nuclei. It is suggested that impulses pertinent to the
      catalepsy evoked from the SNR are transmitted via a GABAergic pathway to the
      ventromedial thalamic nucleus, wherefrom they reach the striatum, as had been
      shown previously.

PMID- 3412646
TI  - Calmodulin content in human prolactin-secreting pituitary adenoma: an inverse
      relationship to serum prolactin levels.
AB  - Calmodulin content was evaluated in 3 prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas
      (prolactinoma) and 3 normal anterior pituitary glands. The calmodulin content in
      the normal anterior pituitary tissue was quite consistent, 3.32 +/- 0.016
      micrograms/mg protein. In contrast, calmodulin content varied almost 4-fold in
      the prolactinoma tissue (10.97, 8.50 and 3.00 micrograms/mg protein).
      Preoperative serum prolactin levels varied inversely with the prolactinoma
      calmodulin content (125, 257 and 3526 ng/ml, respectively). This study reveals
      that prolactinoma calmodulin content differs from normal, although it is not
      uniformly elevated as in other transformed tissues and that elevation of
      prolactinoma calmodulin content does not positively correlate with serum
      prolactin levels.

PMID- 3412647
TI  - Changes in contralateral synaptic acetylcholinesterase following motor nerve
      section in rats.
AB  - We report here that denervation of rat extensor digitorum longus, soleus and
      diaphragm muscle results in an increase of a subset of asymmetric
      acetylcholinesterase (class II A-forms) in the contralateral muscle, within a few
      days. This observation is interesting because it suggests a specific regulation
      of one asymmetric enzyme fraction, which is solubilized only in the presence of
      chelating agents and is thought to reside in the basal lamina.

PMID- 3412648
TI  - Cholecystokinin-octapeptide (CCK-8) receptors in the hippocampal region: a
      comparative in vitro autoradiographic study in the rat, monkey and the postmortem
      human brain.
AB  - Quantitative in vitro receptor autoradiography of 125I-CCK-8 was used to study
      the regional distribution of CCK-8 receptors in the primate hippocampal region.
      In the monkey, specific 125I-CCK-8 binding sites were enriched in layer 2 of the
      presubiculum, layers 1, 2, and 4 of the entorhinal area and in the inner two
      thirds of the molecular layer of the area dentata. Moderate to low densities were
      detected in layer 3 of the entorhinal area, the deep layers of the presubiculum,
      all layers of subiculum and subfields CA1 and CA3 of Ammon's horn. In the human
      brain, the highest densities of 125I-CCK-8 binding sites were detected in layer 2
      of the presubiculum and layer 2 of the lateral entorhinal area. Moderate to low
      levels were detected in the Ammon's horn and area dentata. This pattern of
      receptor distribution overlaps only partly with that found in the rat and
      indicates phylogenetic differences in the localization of CCK-8 receptors within
      the hippocampal region.

PMID- 3412649
TI  - A combined method of acetylcholinesterase histochemistry and [3H]thymidine
      autoradiography: application to neurogenesis of the rat basal forebrain
      cholinergic system.
AB  - Rats labelled with [3H]thymidine on embryonic day 15 were treated postnatally
      with diisopropylfluorophosphate and 2-3 h later perfused with 10% buffered
      formalin. Cryostat sections of the basal forebrain were autoradiographed and
      subsequently stained for acetylcholinesterase (AChE). It was shown that this
      procedure did not significantly influence either the AChE activity or the silver
      grains over [3H]thymidine-labelled nerve cell nuclei. The labelling index
      evaluated in cholinergic forebrain regions (medial septum, diagonal band of
      Broca, substantia innominata, nucleus basalis of Meynert) indicated a
      caudorostral gradient of the formation of AChE-containing neurons while formation
      of non-cholinergic neurons showed a more even pattern.

PMID- 3412650
TI  - Excitatory pathways from Forel's field H to head elevator motoneurones in the
      cat.
AB  - Projections of neurones in Forel's field H (FFH) to the upper cervical cord and
      to the lower brainstem were demonstrated by retrograde labelling of the neurones
      with horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Systematic threshold mapping for evoking
      antidromic spikes of FFH neurones revealed that they projected to the neck motor
      nuclei and to pontomedullary reticular formation (PMRF). Stimulation of FFH
      evoked large monosynaptic excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in
      reticulospinal neurones (RSNs) of the PMRF, and mono- and disynaptic EPSPs in the
      dorsal neck motoneurones. Above EPSPs were evoked from areas confined to FFH,
      thus indicating that they were elicited by stimulation of FFH neurones.
      Monosynaptic EPSPs in motoneurones were small but disynaptic EPSPs were markedly
      facilitated following stimulation with train pulses, becoming several times
      larger than the monosynaptic EPSPs. Disynaptic EPSPs were supposed to be relayed
      by RSNs in the PMRF which are known to project to dorsal neck motoneurones. The
      mono- and disynaptic EPSPs were induced chiefly in motoneurones of the head
      elevator (m. biventer cervicis and complexus) and rarely of the neck lateral
      flexor (m. splenius). It was suggested that FFH neurones are involved in the
      control of vertical head movements.

PMID- 3412652
TI  - Achieving excellence.

PMID- 3412651
TI  - Subtypes of neurones in Forel's field H as defined by their axonal projection.
AB  - Projection of neurones in Forel's field H (FFH) to the mesencephalon, the lower
      brainstem, and the upper cervical spinal cord (C1) was investigated by threshold
      mapping for evoking antidromic spikes from these areas. Projections of all FFH
      neurones tested were ipsilateral. Two main types (Type I and II) and their
      subtypes were differentiated from the pattern of the trajectories. Type Ia FFH
      neurones were found to project primarily to the oculomotor nucleus (IIIn) and the
      periaqueductal gray (PAG) bud did not descend down to the medulla, while Type Ib
      neurones projected to IIIn, PAG and the nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis
      (NRG) and Type Ic projected further down to the C1. Type II neurones were
      characterized by the absence of collaterals to IIIn. Type IIb projected to the
      cuneiform, subcuneiform and red nuclei in the mesencephalon and to the NRG, while
      Type IIc projected further down to the spinal cord. Type IIa neurones which
      terminated rostral to the NRG were found only rarely. These results suggested
      that Type Ib and Ic neurones are involved in the control of synergic eye and head
      movements, while Type IIb, IIc and Ia neurones are specified for the independent
      control of head and eye movement.

PMID- 3412653
TI  - A conceptual model for centers of excellence in nursing.

PMID- 3412654
TI  - Achieving excellence at the University of Florida.

PMID- 3412655
TI  - A quality assurance program to achieve excellence.

PMID- 3412656
TI  - Achieving excellence in hospitalwide nursing supervision.

PMID- 3412657
TI  - Striving to excel as an acting nurse administrator.

PMID- 3412658
TI  - Master's of Education degree for nursing administration.

PMID- 3412659
TI  - Achieving excellence through a superior service strategy.

PMID- 3412660
TI  - Marketing strategies: projecting an image of nursing that reflects achievement.

PMID- 3412661
TI  - The professional ethics and practice committee: a step toward the achievement of
      excellence.

PMID- 3412662
TI  - Motivating professional staff.

PMID- 3412663
TI  - Collaborative learning method: enhancing excellence in nursing administration
      doctoral programs.

PMID- 3412664
TI  - Excellence in leadership through organizational development.

PMID- 3412665
TI  - Nutritional management of cirrhosis.

PMID- 3412666
TI  - Chromium in human nutrition.

PMID- 3412667
TI  - Geriatric suicide: the preventable death.
AB  - Suicide is the ninth-leading cause of death of the elderly, yet it is the leading
      cause of preventable death in this population. White males over the age of 65 are
      at special risk for suicide, with a suicide rate twice the national rate for all
      ages and six times the rate for women over age 65. The nurse practitioner is in a
      unique position to intervene in geriatric suicide because suicidal geriatrics
      typically will not seek help from mental health professionals. Rather, they will
      seek help from the primary caregiver. Strategies for assessment of suicide risk
      are presented, in addition to strategies for intervention in a suicide-related
      crisis.

PMID- 3412668
TI  - Adolescent stress factors: implications for the nurse practitioner.
AB  - This article present results of a descriptive study designed to assess gender
      differences in stress factors of adolescents attending rural, urban and suburban
      public schools. The Roy Adaptation Model of Nursing was selected as the
      theoretical framework for the study. Subjects were 323 freshmen in high schools
      in eastern Tennessee; mean age was 15.5 years. Most frequently reported stressors
      were hassling with parents, hassling with siblings, and making new friends. There
      was little difference between boys and girls in prevalence of these stress
      factors. However, gender differences in amount and types of other stressors were
      identified. Regardless of geographic location, mean stress scores of females were
      higher; urban females reported the highest stress levels. Females were more
      concerned with self-concept issues and interdependence issues, whereas males were
      more concerned with role function issues. Nurse practitioners and school nurses
      have unique opportunities to promote improved adaptation in adolescents
      experiencing stress. Intervention strategies are proposed for each of the four
      adaptation modes delineated by Roy.

PMID- 3412669
TI  - Health care in Nicaragua.
AB  - Prior to the Nicaraguan revolution of 1979, health services were inaccessible to
      the majority of people, which was reflected in high incidences of infectious
      diseases and infant mortality. Since institution of the Unified National Health
      System in 1979, 80 percent of the population now has regular access to health
      care; infant mortality has decreased from 120 per 1,000 live births to 76 per
      1,000; polio has been eradicated; and the incidence of other infectious diseases
      has been greatly reduced. These achievements are the result of a comprehensive
      program that organizes health services for the entire country while responding to
      local needs and utilizing tens of thousands of community health volunteers.
      Nurses have made great contributions in primary health care. Warfare and
      shortages of supplies due to the economic blockade imposed by the United States
      have inhibited continued improvements in the delivery of health services and in
      the health status of the population. War-related injuries have replaced
      infectious diseases as the leading cause of death.

PMID- 3412670
TI  - Documenting patients' end-of-life decisions.
AB  - The anguish families experience when they are asked to make health care decisions
      for incompetent members has stimulated the search for an adequate procedure to
      document patients' end-of-life decisions. This study explores a method of
      recording competent patients' wishes via a "value history," a questionnaire that
      can guide families and the health care team during an incompetent person's
      terminal illness. Questions addressed were these: Can a primary care physician
      gather information from competent patients about their care before they become
      incompetent? Can a nurse practitioner gather the information as efficiently as a
      physician? Do patients want this information recorded in their charts? and, Is
      the primary care office as well as the patient's home an appropriate location to
      obtain a value history? Four hundred patients were invited to record their wishes
      for future care. Patients expressed that they wanted to be told the truth about
      their health and their health care, and they wanted to participate in decision
      making, even while dying. The majority did not want to be maintained indefinitely
      on life-support systems. Patient responses were similar regardless of whether the
      NP or physician conducted the interview. A primary care office or patient's home
      are both suitable for filling out the value history. Because of the enthusiastic
      patient responses, the authors recommend that value histories become a routine
      part of a patient's medical record.

PMID- 3412671
TI  - Candidiasis hypersensitivity syndrome theory questioned.

PMID- 3412672
TI  - Bradycardia: when is it life-threatening?

PMID- 3412673
TI  - Myths & facts--about pediatric resuscitation.

PMID- 3412674
TI  - One man's expert opinion.

PMID- 3412675
TI  - The return.

PMID- 3412676
TI  - Are errors waiting to happen?

PMID- 3412677
TI  - A.I.D.S. update.

PMID- 3412678
TI  - Pulmonary embolism.

PMID- 3412679
TI  - Diagnosis: acute abdomen (continuing education credit).

PMID- 3412680
TI  - Welcoming new nurses: whatever happened to common courtesy?

PMID- 3412682
TI  - The AIDS patient: helping him and his parents cope.

PMID- 3412681
TI  - Buying time with an intra-aortic balloon pump.

PMID- 3412683
TI  - A simple, step-by-step approach to neurologic assessment. Part 1.

PMID- 3412684
TI  - There to comfort, not to judge.

PMID- 3412685
TI  - Preventing malpractice suits: what you can do.

PMID- 3412686
TI  - Surrounded by support.

PMID- 3412687
TI  - Take this test on calculating pediatric i.v. dosages.

PMID- 3412688
TI  - When your patient is depressed.

PMID- 3412689
TI  - Insights on death & dying.

PMID- 3412690
TI  - Transferring a patient to a wheelchair.

PMID- 3412691
TI  - "Oh, for a B.L.T. and a beer".

PMID- 3412692
TI  - Characteristics of asthmatics using an urban accident and emergency department.
AB  - The demographic characteristics of patients attending the Middlemore Hospital
      accident and emergency department with asthma were studied prospectively over a 3
      month period. Pacific Islanders and Maoris used A & E more and were more
      frequently admitted because of asthma than Europeans (p less than 0.0001).
      Independent of race, patients living in close proximity were more likely to
      attend A & E and to be admitted than patients living distant from hospital (p
      less than 0.0001). When compared with asthmatics referred by a general
      practitioner, self-referred asthmatics attended more frequently out of hours (p
      less than 0.05) and were disproportionately of lower socioeconomic classes (p
      less than 0.01). Eighty two percent of asthmatics perceived A&E as the most
      appropriate place to have their acute attacks managed. The demographic
      characteristics of those using A & E suggests that there are attitudinal,
      organisational and financial barriers to primary health care in the community
      which may have contributed to a shift from community to hospital based management
      of acute asthma, and this may explain some of the increase in hospital admissions
      for asthma.

PMID- 3412693
TI  - The basidiomycete ganoderma and asthma: collection, quantitation and
      immunogenicity of the spores.
AB  - Ganoderma fungal spores are a major component of the Auckland air-spora. Previous
      studies of ganoderma involvement in allergic asthma and rhinitis were extended by
      locating the sporophores (fruiting bodies) in the Auckland area and
      systematically collecting the ejected spores. Maximum production by one
      sporophore was 5 gram dry weight of spores in one week, equivalent to 11 billion
      spores. We have estimated that between 400 and 1200 sporophores would account for
      previously reported levels of ganoderma spores collected from the air by Burkhard
      spore traps. Both whole spores and extracts of spores were strongly immunogenic
      in rabbits. Of the 115 asthma patients who were skin prick tested with a variety
      of fungal extracts, 32 (28%) were positive to one or more fungi. Of these, 18
      (16%) reacted positively to ganoderma extracts. A theory proposing how ganoderma
      might contribute to allergic hyperreactivity in susceptible patients is
      developed.

PMID- 3412694
TI  - Large bowel cancer in New Zealand.

PMID- 3412695
TI  - Serious infection following wounds and bites of the hand.
AB  - The case notes of 56 patients with severe hand infections requiring hospital
      admission were reviewed. Most followed injury. The outcome, particularly in
      mammalian bites, was often poor and approximately one third suffered residual
      disability. Those with poor outcome generally had infection in tendon sheath,
      joint or bone. Forty-four patients presenting to the emergency department at
      Christchurch Hospital with mammalian bites were also reviewed. Dog bites were
      common and most were well treated as outpatients. Human bites, while less common,
      had a higher incidence of infection requiring admission. Thorough exploration,
      debridement and drainage of wounds of the hand are necessary in all cases, but
      particularly in mammalian bites, for which a suggested management protocol is
      provided.

PMID- 3412696
TI  - Mothers' perceptions of access to medical care for children in Otago.
AB  - Three hundred urban and 350 rural mothers were surveyed about their subjective
      perceptions of the availability of a doctor for their child. A third of rural
      mothers and a quarter of urban mothers expressed concern about lack of access.
      Shared parenting, a high socioeconomic status of mother and her partner and
      further training on leaving school, were associated with a greater satisfaction
      with existing services. Mothers with chronic psychiatric morbidity were more
      likely to express concern. Approximately one quarter of mothers expressed
      satisfaction with services overall. Specific improvements for child health
      services included reduced costs and waiting times together with an increase in
      the range of services available.

PMID- 3412697
TI  - Background paper on medical registration changes contemplated in New Zealand.

PMID- 3412698
TI  - Cot death.

PMID- 3412699
TI  - Preferred medicines list.

PMID- 3412700
TI  - Homoeopathy.

PMID- 3412701
TI  - Public health schemes.

PMID- 3412704
TI  - The Third International Conference on Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart
      Disease. Rotorua, 16-18 April 1987. Proceedings.

PMID- 3412703
TI  - A rally for doctors?

PMID- 3412702
TI  - Skeletal fluorosis.

PMID- 3412705
TI  - Reappraisal of the Jones criteria: the Indian experience.

PMID- 3412706
TI  - Rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease in the western Pacific region.

PMID- 3412707
TI  - Rheumatic fever in the Hamilton health district: a nine year prospective study.

PMID- 3412708
TI  - The national programme and the control of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart
      disease in two project areas of Thailand.

PMID- 3412709
TI  - Caesarean section: a national study.
AB  - Although the use of caesarean section (CS) continues to be debated, the
      demographic characteristics of the affected population have received little
      attention. This paper shows that in New Zealand during 1983-84, a CS was
      performed on 9.6% of delivered women between the ages of 15-44. The rate
      increased with maternal age (p less than 0.01), and was highest for 'single'
      women (11.3/100) and Pacific Island women aged 35-44 (21/100). There was a
      significantly (p less than 0.05) high rate in the Auckland and South Otago
      hospital board districts, but a low rate (p less than 0.05) in the Ashburton,
      Nelson, Canterbury, Southland, Taumaranui, Waiapu, Wairarapa, Wanganui, and
      Wellington board districts. The rate was also high (p less than 0.01) in the
      principal teaching hospitals. Long labour (15.2%), malposition and
      malpresentation of the fetus (14.7%) were the leading reasons for performing a
      CS. The paucity of national data on a number of other highly relevant birth and
      maternal factors hinders the further definition of the epidemiological patterns
      of CS in New Zealand.

PMID- 3412710
TI  - Primary health care and the South Pacific islands.

PMID- 3412711
TI  - Cardiovascular mortality rates in western Pacific countries.

PMID- 3412712
TI  - Misuse of antibiotics in hospitals.

PMID- 3412713
TI  - Hepatitis B surface antigen among blood donors and antenatals in Western Samoa.

PMID- 3412714
TI  - The long term direction.

PMID- 3412715
TI  - Antibiotics for bites.

PMID- 3412716
TI  - Blood viscosity and diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 3412717
TI  - Evanescent signs in occupation-associated tenosynovitis.

PMID- 3412718
TI  - Fluoridation and hip fractures.

PMID- 3412719
TI  - Health in Niue.

PMID- 3412720
TI  - Rethinking the treatment of mild hypertension.

PMID- 3412721
TI  - Acetazolamide and acute mountain sickness.

PMID- 3412722
TI  - Surgery at small hospitals.

PMID- 3412723
TI  - Proposal to establish a single New Zealand College or Academy of Medicine.

PMID- 3412724
TI  - Surgical standards and peripheral surgical units.

PMID- 3412725
TI  - The UK guidance notes.

PMID- 3412726
TI  - The use of electroimmunoassay for the determination of the in vivo stability of
      labelled proteins.
AB  - The in vivo stability of 125I, 99Tcm and 67Ga labelled HSA was measured by
      electroimmunoassay (EIA). Radiolabelled HSA compounds were intravenously injected
      into rabbits, and blood samples were taken 2, 5, 10, 30 and 60 min after
      injection. The activity and HSA content of rabbit sera were measured
      simultaneously. The results showed that HSA had been eliminated from the
      bloodstream at the same rate in all three cases (95-97% of HSA were in the
      circulation). Significant differences in the activity of serum samples are
      unequivocally due to differences in labelling and type of binding. Metal isotope
      detachment values were: 99Tcm-HSA, 47.3%; 67Ga-DF-HSA, 20.8% and 125I-HSA, 11.4%
      The data demonstrate that EIA may be a suitable method for the determination of
      the serum stability of protein-based radiopharmaceuticals.

PMID- 3412727
TI  - Equilibrium radionuclide ventriculography in Duchenne's cardiomyopathy.
AB  - Rest and stress (handgrip) equilibrium radionuclide ventriculography was
      performed in 20 patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. The mean value of LVEF
      was normal, but two patients showed values below 35% and another two patients
      values over 70%. Mean regional wall motion values were less than 2 in lateral
      (posterior and inferior) and septal walls. Handgrip usually produced a reduction
      of LVEF and regional wall motion: in three cases severe decrease of motility was
      observed. Equilibrium ventriculography appears to be useful in the selection of
      patients with high functional cardiac involvement, integrating the characteristic
      ECG and echography, and, perhaps, in the assessment of myocardial tolerance to
      physical therapy.

PMID- 3412729
TI  - Ventilation and perfusion imaging.

PMID- 3412728
TI  - Gallbladder filling and post-ceruletide emptying in prairie dogs and rabbits.
AB  - The filling and emptying characteristics of the gallbladder in prairie dogs and
      rabbits were studied to assess the importance of the residual bile in the
      pathogenesis of gallstones. In prairie dogs under ketamine/xylazine anesthesia, a
      significantly larger fraction (p = 0.001) of hepatic bile entered the gallbladder
      (87 +/- 8%) than the intestine during fasting and very little bile emptied (0-3%
      ejection fraction) following ceruletide infusion. In rabbits under similar
      anesthesia, only a small fraction of hepatic bile entered the gallbladder (4 +/-
      2%) during fasting, and the gallbladder emptied almost completely (85% ejection
      fraction) following ceruletide infusion. The resultant higher residual bile in
      the prairie dog gallbladder and lower residual bile in the rabbit gallbladder may
      explain why gallstones form so readily in prairie dogs but not in rabbits when
      fed a lithogenic diet. These similarities and differences in gallbladder function
      must be taken into account when considering any animal as a model for gallstone
      formation.

PMID- 3412730
TI  - Cationic radioisotope delivery to loose connective tissue in vivo using ion
      exchange resin beads.
AB  - Ion-exchange resin beads, implanted into connective tissue, were used as the
      vehicle for the delivery of radiolabelled cations to determine the local
      distribution of lead, silver and cadmium in loose connective tissue. The system
      was devoid of systemic toxicity, permitted a predictable release, enabled
      location of released cations in respect to the site of bead implantation,
      afforded safety and could be used with several other cations. The radiolabels
      released into the tissue formed an immediate relationship with inflammatory cells
      and a more protracted relationship with the matrix elements of the local
      connective tissue. The lesion induced by the presence of the bead was complicated
      by the particular cation.

PMID- 3412731
TI  - Pattern of radiopharmaceutical administration to patients between 1982 and 1986.
AB  - Analysis of the workload of a nuclear medicine department over the period 1982 to
      1986 has shown the prevalence of repeated investigations in individual patients.
      Records from 23,152 investigations on 17,063 patients indicated that 88.5%
      received a single administration and only 0.5% received more than four doses of
      the same radiopharmaceutical. Patterns of usage of a wide range of
      radiopharmaceuticals are presented and show that the technetium bone imaging
      agent is the radiopharmaceutical most commonly used for repeated administrations.
      Analysis of the radiation dose to individual patients arising from
      radiopharmaceutical administration has shown that only two patients in the survey
      exceeded 50 mSv per annum and approximately 25% of patients exceeded 5 mSv per
      annum.

PMID- 3412732
TI  - Abnormalities of pulmonary blood flow during cold exposure in systemic lupus
      erythematosus.
AB  - The aim is to determine whether pulmonary blood flow is altered during cold
      exposure of the hands in individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
      Cold exposure was induced by immersion of the hands, one at a time, in 10 degrees
      C water in nine SLE patients in whom pulmonary fibrosis had been ruled out by a
      routine examination. Lung perfusion was measured by continuous venous infusion of
      krypton 81 m. Cold exposure to at least one of the hands caused an 8 to 22%
      decrease of pulmonary blood flow in five of the nine patients. A 10 to 33%
      increase in flow developed in three of the nine patients during cold exposure of
      the hands. We conclude that these abnormalities in pulmonary blood flow during
      cold exposure were revealed in SLE patients with scarcely any clinical symptoms.

PMID- 3412734
TI  - The development of a clinical protocol for the radiolabelling of mixed leucocytes
      with 99Tcm-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime.
AB  - To devise a protocol for the radiolabelling of mixed leucocytes with 99Tcm
      hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (99Tcm-HMPAO), the effect of HMPAO concentration,
      cell concentration, plasma concentration and anticoagulant on the uptake of the
      lipophilic complex was measured, together with the stability of the 99Tcm on the
      labelled cells. It was found that cell uptake was rapid, independent of HMPAO
      concentration over the range 20-80 micrograms ml-1, but dependent on cell and
      plasma concentration. Incubation of mixed leucocytes from 85 ml blood with 1 ml
      ACD-plasma and 4 ml 99Tcm-HMPAO containing 400 MBq 99Tcm for 10 min at room
      temperature gave optimum results and was used in 90 patients. The mean labelling
      efficiency, which was the amount of added 99Tcm incorporated by the cells, was
      55% (+/- 13 S.D.), of which 77% were incorporated by the granulocytes, 17% by the
      mononuclear cells and 6% by the platelets and erythrocytes. During a 1 h
      incubation in plasma 9% (+/- 4% S.D.) of the 99Tcm were released from the
      labelled mixed leucocytes. This occurred predominantly from the mononuclear
      cells.

PMID- 3412733
TI  - 99Tcm-HMPAO labelled leucocytes: comparison with 111In-tropolonate labelled
      granulocytes.
AB  - The lipophilic complex, 99Tcm-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (HMPAO) is an
      efficient leucocyte label, and labels granulocytes with more stability than
      mononuclear leucocytes. The recovery of 99Tcm-HMPAO granulocytes, expressed as
      the percentage of injected granulocyte-associated activity circulating as
      granulocyte-associated activity 40-45 min after injection, was 37% (S.E. 3%),
      similar to the recovery of 111In-labelled granulocytes isolated and labelled in
      plasma using tropolone. The T1/2 of 99Tcm-HMPAO labelled granulocytes in blood
      was 4.4 h (S.E. 0.4 h), less than that of 111In-labelled granulocytes, although
      when a correction was made for 99Tcm elution, it was 6.4 h. The initial
      biodistribution of 99Tcm-labelled leucocytes was similar to 111In-labelled
      granulocytes, with a rapid initial lung transit, prominent splenic activity, bone
      marrow activity and minimal hepatic activity, although, unlike 111In, 99Tcm
      activity was also seen in urine, occasionally in the gallbladder, and, from about
      4 h, consistently in the colon. Bone marrow activity was particularly prominent
      with 99Tcm. About 6% of 99Tcm was excreted in the faeces up to 48 h after
      injection, and about 17% in urine up to 24 h. The time-activity curves of
      reticuloendothelial activity up to 24 h were broadly similar for the two labelled
      cell preparations, and the differences that were observed can be explained on the
      basis of a higher rate of 99Tcm elution. Clinical information given by the two
      agents was similar in 27 of 30 patients who received both. Of the three who gave
      different information, one received 111In-labelled granulocytes which were
      considered to be functionally suboptimal and two, with inflammatory bowel
      disease, showed different distributions of abnormal bowel activity. We conclude
      that with respect to granulocyte kinetics and clinical data, 99Tcm-HMPAO labelled
      leucocytes are comparable with 111In-tropolonate labelled granulocytes.

PMID- 3412735
TI  - Nurses and physicians--opponents or allies?

PMID- 3412736
TI  - Nursing is united against RCT plans.

PMID- 3412737
TI  - Is mandatory continuing education an issue?

PMID- 3412738
TI  - A survey of alternative health care programs in southeastern Ohio.

PMID- 3412739
TI  - Prognostic significance of circulating immune complexes in a long-term follow-up
      of breast cancer patients.
AB  - The purpose of the present study was to investigate the prognostic value of
      circulating immune complexes (CIC) in surgically treated breast cancer patients
      as compared with other well-known prognostic factors. CIC of IgG and IgM classes
      were determined by a C1q immunoenzymatic assay in serum samples of 122 patients
      before mastectomy and 51 of them were found positive for IgG. The other class of
      CIC was virtually absent. No relevant differences of distribution of other
      prognostic parameters such as estrogen and progesterone receptors, histological
      grading, nodal and menopausal status were found according to CIC levels. Level of
      IgG CIC was affected by surgical removal of the tumor since significant reduction
      of it was observed 2 weeks after mastectomy; however, this reduction did not show
      prognostic significance. The patients included in the present study were
      subjected to a 7-year follow-up; eventually a significant association was
      observed between preoperative IgG CIC and relapse of the disease. Patients with
      positive values of immune complexes relapsed more frequently than those with
      negative values. Serial determinations of IgG CIC were carried out within the 24
      months following mastectomy and statistically evaluated for their prognostic use.
      No significant association was found between increase of IgG CIC level and
      relapse of the disease.

PMID- 3412740
TI  - Phase II evaluation of Ly156758 in metastatic breast cancer.
AB  - Fourteen patients with disseminated breast cancer with primary or secondary
      resistance to tamoxifen were treated with LY156758. There were no complete or
      partial responses and 1 patient showed a minor response. These data illustrate
      that LY156758 did not have significant antitumor activity in patients previously
      treated with tamoxifen therapy.

PMID- 3412742
TI  - Breast cancer at medical centers in Israel, the West Bank, and the United States.
AB  - A comparison is made of the characteristics of female breast cancer patients,
      their diseases, and treatment practices in medical centers in Israel and the West
      Bank of the Jordan River. This experience is further compared with tumor registry
      data from a major medical center in the United States. Differences are found in
      the age distributions of patients, marital status, parity, stage of disease at
      diagnosis, delay between onset of symptoms and diagnosis as well as between
      diagnosis and treatment. Some of these observations reflect differences in
      population characteristics, sociocultural practices and local attitudes toward
      disease, its diagnosis and management.

PMID- 3412741
TI  - Methylprednisolone versus metoclopramide for prevention of nausea and vomiting in
      breast cancer patients treated with intravenous cyclophosphamide methotrexate 5
      fluorouracil: a double-blind randomized study.
AB  - The antiemetic efficacy and toxicity of methylprednisolone (MP) and
      metoclopramide (MTC) in prevention of nausea and vomiting in breast cancer
      patients receiving intravenous cyclophosphamide methotrexate 5-fluorouracil (CMF)
      chemotherapy has been evaluated in a double-blind trial. The two antiemetic drugs
      (MP vs. MTC) offered the majority of patients a similar complete protection from
      vomiting (76.5 vs. 66.7%) and nausea (82.4 vs. 81.8%), but in older patients MTC
      seems more efficacious than MP. Sedation was found more frequently (p = 0.02) in
      patients treated with MTC. In conclusion, in patients treated with CMF the use of
      MP as preventive therapy of nausea and vomiting is to be preferred to MTC due to
      its better tolerability, but in older patients MTC should be considered if MP
      fails.

PMID- 3412743
TI  - Gene amplification and expression of the neu (c-erbB-2) sequence in human mammary
      carcinoma.
AB  - Alterations in the structure and expression of the neu oncogene were investigated
      in 15 human mammary tumors. In 7 of the samples (46%), amplification by the
      factor up to 14 was detected, some samples displaying an additional EcoRI
      restriction fragment at 3.4 kb. In tumor tissue with amplified neu sequences from
      which intact RNA was available, enhanced expression was noted. Correlation of the
      molecular data to clinical parameters indicated a correlation of the neu oncogene
      amplification to tumor grading and thus poor prognosis.

PMID- 3412744
TI  - Epidemiological aspects of diet and cancer: a summary review of case-control
      studies from northern Italy.
AB  - The major findings on dietary aspects of cancer risk are reviewed from a series
      of hospital-based case-control studies conducted in Northern Italy. Information
      collected using simple frequency questionnaires indicated that green vegetable
      consumption was inversely related with the risk of cancers of the breast and of
      the female genital tract, as well as with oesophageal and gastric neoplasms,
      whereas there were positive associations between fats in seasonings and other
      foods (e.g., meat) and cancers of the breast, ovary, endometrium and prostate.
      Fruits, and specifically citrus fruits, were inversely related with cancers of
      the oesophagus and of the stomach, and there were positive associations between
      various sources of starches (but not fibres) and gastric cancer risk. Thus,
      extremely simplified questionnaires apparently permitted identification of a
      number of significant and consistent differences between cancer cases and
      hospital-based comparison groups, which were not obviously explainable in terms
      of selection, confounding, information or other biases. Nonetheless,
      epidemiological evidence on diet and cancer from this and several other
      investigations is rather crude and imprecise and, hence, its implications in
      terms of public health policy are still open to question.

PMID- 3412745
TI  - Phase II trial with high-dose elliptinium acetate in metastatic renal cell
      carcinoma.
AB  - Sixteen patients with adult metastatic renal cell carcinoma were treated with
      elliptinium acetate, 80 mg/m2.day, for 3 consecutive days every 3 weeks. Among
      the 14 patients evaluable, no objective effects were observed. The toxicity was
      mild and no patients experienced intravascular hemolysis.

PMID- 3412746
TI  - Evolution of malignant lymphoma in agnogenic myeloid metaplasia.
AB  - Two young arab patients are described in whom malignant lymphoma developed within
      less than 1 year of the diagnosis of agnogenic myeloid metaplasia. Both patients
      showed a satisfactory response to combined chemotherapy. One of them died of
      hepatitis B at 10 months and the other is alive and in clinical remission 25
      months after initial diagnosis. These observations demonstrate the close relation
      between myeloproliferative and lymphoproliferative syndromes and illustrate the
      diversity of malignant lymphoproliferative disorders into which agnogenic myeloid
      metaplasia may evolve in the course of disease. Our experience also demonstrates
      the ease with which some patients with an 'end stage' myeloproliferative disorder
      may respond to standard chemotherapy designed for the treatment of malignant
      lymphoma.

PMID- 3412747
TI  - Cyclophosphamide, mitoxantrone, vincristine and prednisone in the treatment of
      non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
AB  - Twenty-two patients with histologically confirmed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma received
      treatment with a chemotherapy combination containing cyclophosphamide,
      mitoxantrone, vincristine and prednisone. Leukopenia, nausea and vomiting were
      the most common side effects. A response rate of 77% (17 of 22 patients) was
      documented. These results indicate that the four-drug combination including
      mitoxantrone has good therapeutic activity in the treatment of non-Hodgkin's
      lymphoma.

PMID- 3412748
TI  - Evidence of cross-reactivity of 'carcinoma-specific' KC4 monoclonal antibody with
      activated mesothelial cells and phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes.
AB  - Carcinoma-specific antibodies would be a useful tool in immunocytology of serous
      effusions. We tested the carcinoma-'specific' monoclonal antibody KC4 with cells
      obtained from pleural effusions evaluated by thoracoscopy and pleural biopsies.
      KC4 reacted most strongly with carcinoma cells. However, activated mesothelial
      cells also expressed this marker strongly. Lymphocytes stimulated with
      phytohemagglutinin were also stained by KC4. Thus KC4 appears to detect a
      proliferation antigen rather than a carcinoma-specific antigen.

PMID- 3412749
TI  - Chromosomal phenotypes in patients with precancerous lesions of the uterine
      cervix progressed to cancer during follow-up.
AB  - A cytogenetical analysis of chromosomal aberrations, sister chromatid exchanges
      (SCEs), C-band heteromorphisms and nucleolar organizer regions was done in
      lymphocytes of 30 patients with precancerous lesions of the uterine cervix
      progressed to carcinoma and of 30 patients with nonprogressed lesions in a period
      of 60 months follow-up, in order to identify if any differences existed between
      low-risk and high-risk dysplasias. Increased frequency of chromosomal breaks,
      SCEs and C-band heteromorphisms of chromosome 1 and decreased activity of
      ribosomal genes was observed in patients with dysplasias progressed to carcinoma
      compared to that of nonprogressed precancerous lesions. The present study thus
      suggests an intimate relationship between the constitutional chromosomal
      phenotypes and development of cancer, and these may serve as useful biological
      markers in defining dysplasias at high risk to progress to cancer.

PMID- 3412751
TI  - Solutions for the nursing shortage.

PMID- 3412750
TI  - Radioimmunoimaging in malignant melanoma with monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - Twenty-five patients with cutaneous melanoma were imaged with F(ab')2 fragments
      of antimelanoma monoclonal antibody (MoAb) 225.28S labeled with 99mTc and 131I or
      111In. Out of 16 patients without evidence of metastatic lesions, 6 false
      positive cases were observed. Only 4 out of 9 patients with known lesions showed
      positive findings (globally 8 of 19 metastatic sites). In conclusion,
      antimelanoma MoAb was of little help in radioimaging and stating this disease.

PMID- 3412752
TI  - Utilization of orthopaedic nursing standards in the clinical setting.

PMID- 3412754
TI  - Laser treatment is invasive surgery.

PMID- 3412755
TI  - Are UFOs dangerous?

PMID- 3412753
TI  - Working with sorrow and hurt.

PMID- 3412756
TI  - The early postoperative pressure course in glaucoma patients following cataract
      surgery.
AB  - The intraocular pressure (IOP) course during the first 2 months after cataract
      surgery in patients with preexisting glaucoma was evaluated in 25 consecutive
      cases of extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) with posterior chamber
      intraocular lens (PC-IOL) implantation and in 25 cases of intracapsular cataract
      extraction (ICCE) without IOL implantation. Although the former group had a
      slightly more favorable postoperative IOP course, approximately half of each
      group had a pressure rise above 21 mm Hg on the first day postoperatively, and
      approximately 80% had an IOP rise during the first postoperative month. These
      findings support the position that all glaucoma patients require close monitoring
      of their IOPs immediately after both ECCE and ICCE, and that patients with
      moderate to advanced glaucomatous damage should probably have glaucoma surgery
      either before or in combination with their cataract operation.

PMID- 3412757
TI  - Intraocular pressure following extracapsular cataract extraction and posterior
      chamber intraocular lens implantation.
AB  - Knowledge of the incidence of both short- and long-term elevation of intraocular
      pressure (IOP) after extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) and posterior
      chamber intraocular lens (PC-IOL) insertion is essential for the practicing
      ophthalmologist. We reviewed retrospectively the IOP data in 384 consecutive
      patients (506 eyes) that underwent the above procedure. A postoperative rise of 8
      mm Hg above baseline or above 23 mm Hg was observed in 149 eyes (29%). Secondary
      glaucoma well controlled medically developed in 21 eyes (4%). Three eyes
      developed glaucoma after the first year postoperatively. Therefore, over the
      total follow-up period of 6 years, 24 eyes (4.7%) developed pseudophakic
      glaucoma. None, however, required laser or other surgical intervention. These
      results further support the prevailing view that ECCE with PC-IOL is the
      procedure of choice.

PMID- 3412758
TI  - Failed PC-IOL implantation in one eye and successful AC-IOL implantation in the
      other eye in a patient with pre-existing bilateral uveitis.
AB  - An irregular proteinaceous film populated by sessile macrophages and large giant
      cells was found on the surface of a posterior chamber lens implant. This had to
      be removed from a position with its haptics in the capsular bag 8 months after
      surgery because of increased uveitis. The implant had been placed at the time of
      extracapsular cataract extraction in a patient with pre-existing active bilateral
      chronic iridocyclitis of a non-granulomatous type. An anterior chamber lens
      implant placed after intracapsular cataract extraction in the other eye of the
      same patient was tolerated, and the same type of implant was used to replace the
      removed posterior chamber lens implant.

PMID- 3412759
TI  - A new surgical technique for dislocated posterior chamber intraocular lenses.
AB  - We describe a new method for fixation of dislocated posterior chamber lenses. The
      closed eye technique involves externalizing the haptics through the pars plana
      and suturing the loops to the scleral wall. There were no complications in our
      two patients, and the implants have remained well positioned.

PMID- 3412760
TI  - Complications of prophylactic argon laser treatment of retinal breaks and
      degenerations in 2,000 eyes.
AB  - The decision to treat retinal breaks and degenerations prophylactically should be
      made with an awareness of the incidence of complications associated with argon
      laser photocoagulation (ALP). We evaluated retrospectively 2,000 eyes with
      retinal breaks and degenerations treated with ALP, with follow-up from 6 to 84
      months (mean 46 months). The only complications during photocoagulation were
      petectal intra- and preretinal hemorrhages, which absorbed after a few days.
      Complications after treatment were limited to epiretinal membrane formation in
      the macular area in four eyes (0.2%). The applied laser energy in three of these
      four eyes was significantly greater (mean 34.4 mJ) than in the total 2,000 eyes
      (mean 7.2 mJ). This finding supports the observation by other authors that
      extensive photocoagulation is associated with an increased incidence of
      epiretinal membrane formation.

PMID- 3412761
TI  - Prolonged aqueous humor levels of subconjunctival antibiotics after treatment
      with acetazolamide and/or timolol.
AB  - Many ophthalmologists routinely administer subconjunctival antibiotics at the end
      of cataract surgery for prophylaxis against bacterial endophthalmitis.
      Additionally they use acetazolamide and/or timolol to control intraocular
      pressure in the first 24-hour postoperative period. An animal study was
      undertaken to learn whether treatment with the aqueous humor suppressants,
      acetazolamide, and timolol prolongs the concentrations of antibiotics in the
      aqueous humor after subconjunctival administration of the antibiotic. Treatment
      with acetazolamide significantly increased concentrations of piperacillin; it had
      less consistent effects on tobramycin levels. Timolol treatment did not produce
      increased piperacillin concentrations at six hours; however, concentrations at 12
      and 24 hours were significantly higher than in the controls. Timolol treatment
      increased tobramycin concentrations only at six hours. The combined use of
      timolol and acetazolamide produced significantly higher concentrations of
      piperacillin, but not of tobramycin.

PMID- 3412763
TI  - Transient lenticular opacification following trabeculectomy.
AB  - Permanent lens changes may occur following filtering procedures for glaucoma,
      most often within a few years after the surgery. We present a case in which
      transient lenticular opacification occurred two days after trabeculectomy without
      intraoperative injury to the lens. The patient regained her preoperative vision 2
      weeks postoperatively. We postulate that such reversible lenticular opacities may
      be due to changes in lens metabolism associated with hypotony.

PMID- 3412762
TI  - Trabeculectomy with resection of ciliary processes in glaucoma following scleral
      buckling.
AB  - We report a case of glaucoma following scleral buckling that required filtering
      trabeculectomy. Despite anterior entry to the anterior chamber, swollen ciliary
      processes were incarcerated in the sclerostomy site, blocking aqueous flow.
      Resection of the occluding ciliary processes resulted in restoration of aqueous
      flow through the sclerostomy. This case demonstrates that anterior rotation of
      the ciliary body and processes plays an important role in the pathogenesis of
      glaucoma following scleral buckling operation.

PMID- 3412764
TI  - An alternative method of canalicular stent tube placement in lacrimal drainage
      surgery.
AB  - Certain situations in lacrimal drainage surgery require stent tubing: in a
      dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) when flap anastomosis or clearance of the common
      internal punctum is problematic; when a common canalicular obstruction indicates
      a DCR and common internal punctoplasty; when a lateral common canalicular or
      individual canalicular obstruction indicates a canaliculodacryocystorhinostomy
      (CDCR); in cases involving a totally obliterated canaliculus and when intubating
      the patent canaliculus in conjunction with a DCR or CDCR. We describe a simple
      and effective technique of tube placement, using silastic tubing which involves
      placing a silastic sleeve under direct visualization for precise tube fixation.
      This method has been employed successfully in 379 cases from a 5-year series of
      over 1,000 lacrimal drainage operations.

PMID- 3412767
TI  - In all seriousness.

PMID- 3412766
TI  - Tips for local anesthesia in blepharoplasty.
AB  - Successful local anesthesia depends on many factors, but the most important is
      patient confidence in the surgeon and surgical team. In addition, the proper
      sequencing of the delivery of the local anesthesia will allow adequate time for
      anesthesia and vasoconstriction. This requires that the local infiltrative
      anesthetic injection with Wydase and epinephrine be given prior to preparing,
      draping, and marking the patient.

PMID- 3412765
TI  - Viscoelastic agent and the prevention of post-filtration flat anterior chamber.

PMID- 3412768
TI  - Credit where credit is due.

PMID- 3412769
TI  - Air pillow for face-down position.

PMID- 3412770
TI  - Anticoagulants and cataract surgery.

PMID- 3412771
TI  - Peribulbar vs retrobulbar anesthesia.

PMID- 3412772
TI  - Addition of growth hormone secretion signal to basic fibroblast growth factor
      results in cell transformation and secretion of aberrant forms of the protein.
AB  - Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is a potent mitogen for a wide variety of
      cell types. Unlike most growth factors, the primary translation product for bFGF
      appears to lack a secretory signal peptide. To explore the normal mode of bFGF
      release, as well as to investigate the growth factor's oncogenic potential,
      expression vectors were created for a bFGF cDNA and for a chimeric molecule in
      which the bFGF coding sequence was linked to the human growth hormone signal
      peptide sequence. Transfection of NIH3T3 cells with the bFGF cDNA vectors caused
      the synthesis of high levels of biologically active, cell-associated bFGF, but no
      evidence of transformation was detected. In contrast, the chimeric bFGF-signal
      peptide expression vector induced foci of transformation at a very high
      frequency. The transformed cells grew in soft agar and were tumorigenic in nude
      mice. The majority of the immunoreactive bFGF species made by the transformed
      cells was found in the conditioned medium and appeared to be posttranslationally
      modified, indicating that the chimeric bFGF-signal peptide molecule was processed
      through the secretory pathway. The secreted bFGF exhibited little mitogenic
      activity, suggesting that interaction of bFGF with its receptor likely occurs
      while the fusion protein is being processed along the secretory pathway.

PMID- 3412773
TI  - A bidirectional promoter is regulating the Drosophila ras2 gene.
AB  - We isolated and delimitated the Drosophila ras2 promoter region, determined its
      sequence and mapped the transcription units expressed in this region. The results
      showed that the Drosophila ras2 gene is flanked by another transcription unit,
      which codes for two larger transcripts, 2.5 and 2.9 kb long. Orientation
      experiments, in which sense and antisense RNA probes were used, revealed that
      both these and the ras2 transcripts are synthesized from different DNA strands.
      Thus, the flanking transcription unit is in the opposite polarity relative to the
      ras2 gene. The transcription start sites of the ras2 gene and the flanking
      transcription unit were determined by external primer extension with T4 DNA
      polymerase and by RNAase-protection assay and were found to be only 94
      nucleotides apart. Apparently, the Drosophila ras2 promoter is a bidirectional
      promoter. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that the 5'-end of the ras2
      transcript is within an inverted repeat of the insect cap box. TATA- and GC-like
      boxes were also found. Analysis of direct and inverted repeats in the promoter
      region suggested that it is asymmetrical. To demonstrate promoter activity, each
      side of the ras2 bidirectional promoter was fused to the bacterial
      chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene and tested by transfecting
      Drosophila Schneider 2 culture cells. Significant CAT activity was obtained with
      both transcription fusions.

PMID- 3412776
TI  - Nursing unites in opposition of AMA shortage plan.

PMID- 3412774
TI  - c-fos mRNA levels are increased by the cellular stressors, heat shock and sodium
      arsenite.
AB  - Rapid, transient expression of the c-fos proto-oncogene is induced by the beta
      adrenergic agonist, isoproterenol, in vivo and by numerous factors promoting
      growth and differentiation in cultured cells. We wanted to determine whether
      cellular stressors, which are known to induce expression of the gene encoding the
      major heat shock protein, hsp 70, also induced expression of the c-fos gene. Our
      findings demonstrate that c-fos mRNA levels increase transiently under conditions
      of heat stress or sodium arsenite treatment which induce expression of hsp70 mRNA
      in cultured cell lines. When 3T3 cells are heat shocked in the presence of
      amiloride, an inhibitor of Na+/H+ exchange, the induction of c-fos mRNA is
      partially inhibited, whereas that of hsp70 is somewhat enhanced. However, neither
      response requires ongoing protein synthesis. In fact, dramatic superinduction of
      c-fos mRNA is observed in cells which are heat shocked in the presence of the
      protein synthesis inhibitor, anisomycin. A comparison of relative rates of
      protein synthesis and c-fos mRNA levels during either heat shock or sodium
      arsenite treatment suggests that the transient suppression of protein synthesis
      accompanying these treatments may be one factor responsible for the observed c
      fos mRNA induction.

PMID- 3412775
TI  - High efficiency DNA-mediated transformation of human diploid fibroblasts.
AB  - Normal human diploid fibroblasts (HDF) have only rarely been used as recipients
      in DNA transfection experiments even though they have the potential to add to our
      knowledge about the genes that control normal cell proliferation. A major
      impediment to the use of HDF has been their poor transfection frequency. In this
      paper, we show that IMR-90 human diploid fibroblasts can be stably transfected at
      high efficiency with pRSVneo at an average frequency of 2 x 10(-3) (0.2%) using a
      modified calcium phosphate-DNA coprecipitation transfection protocol. Prior to
      this report, the best transfection frequencies of HDF were on the order of 10(-5)
      10(-4). In the present protocol it is very important to maintain relatively low
      cell densities, particularly during the selection process post-transfection.
      Using this protocol other neo-containing plasmids also yield high transfection
      frequencies in IMR-90. IMR-90, which are readily available from the NIH Aging
      Cell Repository, may be one of the best HDF to use as recipients because they are
      five times as efficient as are WI-38, which is another well characterized HDF.

PMID- 3412777
TI  - Registered care technologists: is the AMA's answer to shortage viable?

PMID- 3412778
TI  - Home nursing agency develops AIDS intervention program.

PMID- 3412779
TI  - Degenerative joint abnormalities in patients with paraplegia of duration greater
      than 20 years.
AB  - Radiographs and medical and surgical records of 51 patients following spinal
      injury have been reviewed. All the patients had been paraplegic for 20 years or
      more at the time of the survey. The reason for the survey was to assess the
      incidence of degenerative change of the hips, sacroiliac and shoulder joints in
      patients following spinal injury. Our review indicates that the number of
      paraplegic patients who develop degeneration of hip and sacroiliac joint changes
      is less significant than has been previously reported. Analysis of our figures
      has revealed certain important associations which predispose these patients to
      joint degeneration. The associations (anatomical level of injury, urinary tract
      infections, and the level of the patients' activity) with joint degeneration are
      described.

PMID- 3412781
TI  - Outcome following acute spinal cord injury: a review of 198 patients.
AB  - The case histories of 198 consecutive traumatic spinal cord injured patients
      treated at the Mersey Regional Spinal Injuries Centre between 1975 and 1982 were
      reviewed. One hundred and seventy six were treated conservatively and 22
      surgically. Functional outcome, complications, radiological reduction achieved
      and duration of initial hospital admission of the two groups are outlined.
      Prospective, multicentred trials are required to enable valid comparisons of
      treatments to be made. Patient expectations, state resources and local factors
      may determine which philosophy of spinal treatment is most appropriate for
      different centres in different countries.

PMID- 3412780
TI  - The neuropathic bladder in children with spinal cord injury.
AB  - The occurrence of spinal cord lesions in children has been reported to be rare.
      In the literature, there is little information about the management of the
      neurovesical dysfunction. We report our experience in the treatment of the
      neuropathic bladder in 18 children with spinal cord injury. The long-term follow
      up shows that there is a good recovery and the complication rate is low.

PMID- 3412782
TI  - Some aspects of functional results of treatment in traumatic cervical spinal cord
      injured patients.

PMID- 3412783
TI  - Surface-associated proteins and host IgG on early and late metacestode stages of
      Taenia pisiformis.
AB  - 125I-labelled proteins associated with the surface of the oncosphere and
      metacestode stages of Taenia pisiformis were investigated, together with the
      presence of host immunoglobulin G on the parasite surface. Rabbit IgG was
      detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the acid washes (pH 3.0)
      of viable 3-week migratory metacestodes and 8-week mature cystic metacestodes
      from the liver and peritoneal cavity, respectively, of rabbits orally infected
      with eggs of T. pisiformis. However, specific anti-T. pisiformis IgG antibodies
      could not be detected in these washes using ELISA. When intact and washed hatch
      activated oncospheres and 3-week and 8-week metacestode stages were iodinated
      with Bolton-Hunter 125I reagent and examined by SDS-PAGE and autoradiography,
      there appeared to be a marked loss and/or reduction of labelled proteins on the
      mature cystic metacestode compared to the oncosphere and 3-week juvenile
      metacestode stages. Six-week post-infection rabbit sera strongly
      immunoprecipitated a 43 kD iodinated protein from oncospheres together with
      others including a 65 kD polypeptide. Only the 65 kD polypeptide, which is the
      major iodinated protein on 3-week liver metacestodes, was immunoprecipitated from
      these juvenile or the mature metacestode stages. The results are discussed in
      relation to survival of metacestodes in the host, and as to how acquired
      resistance might result from both frequent egg challenge and concomitant
      immunity.

PMID- 3412784
TI  - Antigenic cross-reactivity between the human whipworm, Trichuris trichiura, and
      the mouse trichuroids Trichuris muris and Trichinella spiralis.
AB  - Cross-reactivity was demonstrated between circulating antibodies from Trichuris
      trichiura-infected humans and T. muris-infected mice for heterologous antigen
      preparations. Mouse immune sera raised against excretory/secretory (E/S) products
      and anterior end homogenate from adult T. muris showed marked affinity for T.
      trichiura adult homogenate in ELISA, and 35S-methionine-labelled adult T. muris
      E/S products were precipitated by T. trichiura infection sera. Monoclonal
      antibodies recognizing a 48 kD Trichinella spiralis muscle larval beta-stichocyte
      granule antigen also showed avidity for T. trichiura adult homogenate in ELISA,
      as did serum from mice with patent T. muris worm burdens. This cross-reactivity
      is thought to result from shared stichocyte antigens and the relevance of this
      observation is discussed.

PMID- 3412785
TI  - Antibody-mediated in-vivo cytotoxicity to Trichinella spiralis newborn larvae in
      immune rats.
AB  - The antibody-dependent cell-mediated larvicidal response of AO rats against
      Trichinella spiralis newborn larvae was studied in vivo. Rats were immunized with
      2000-3000 muscle larvae orally and then challenged 6-20 days later with 10,000
      20,000 newborn larvae intraperitoneally. Newborn larvae recovery from the
      peritoneal cavity decreased significantly and was accompanied by cuticular cell
      adherence and killing of newborn larvae by day 9 of infection. Similar effects
      were observed when newborn larvae were incubated with blood obtained from
      immunized rats. The cell adherence and larvicidal responses reached their peak by
      day 16 of the primary infection. Passive transfer experiments demonstrated that
      newborn larvae infectivity was substantially impaired once cell adherence
      occurred. Cuticular adherence took place in vitro only when immune serum was
      added to the incubation medium. Complete destruction of newborn larvae in vivo
      after passive transfer, as measured by muscle larvae burden was only evident
      after exposure to both immune serum and immune cells, not to either alone. Non
      specific stimulation of the peritoneal cavity with a sterile intestinal infection
      failed to induce cuticular adherence or larval killing in these rats. We conclude
      that a stage-specific antibody-dependent cell-mediated larvicidal response is
      rapidly generated in vivo after the host is exposed to newborn larvae. It is a
      systemic response which impairs the infectivity of newborn larvae and can destroy
      them before they reach muscle tissue.

PMID- 3412787
TI  - Specificity of Toxocara ELISA in tropical populations.
AB  - The diagnosis of human infection by Toxocara canis relies heavily upon
      serological tests, the specificity of which can be inadequate in regions of
      endemic helminthiasis. When different population groups of tropical Venezuela
      were evaluated using ELISA based upon Toxocara excretory-secretory antigen
      (TcESA), solid-phase adsorption of the sera with extracts of a wide variety of
      non-homologous parasites revealed the existence of significant cross-reactivity.
      This was effectively and conveniently overcome when the test sera were incubated
      in the presence of the soluble parasite extracts in a competitive inhibition
      ELISA. The mean reduction of ELISA values caused by pre-adsorption of the sera
      tested was 32.2%, and that caused by competitive inhibition was 42.3%, the
      effects of these two procedures being strongly correlated (r = 0.83). The
      magnitude of the reduction was inversely proportional to the actual ELISA value
      (r = -0.55), and ranged from a mean of 68.0% in sera from apparently healthy
      individuals of medium-high socio-economic level, down to 28.1% in heavily
      parasitized Amazon indians. Ascaris showed the greatest degree of cross
      reactivity in these tests, although under conditions of competitive inhibition
      even sera with high levels of antibody against this parasite could be negative in
      Toxocara ELISA. Western blotting revealed a major 81,400 D component that was
      shared between Ascaris and TcESA. Our results indicate that the competitive
      inhibition of cross-reactivity by soluble non-homologous parasite extracts
      provides a convenient and economical means of increasing the specificity of ELISA
      for the determination of the seroprevalence of toxocariasis in tropical
      populations.

PMID- 3412786
TI  - Parasite-specific immune responses to Onchocerca lienalis microfilariae in normal
      and immunodeficient mice.
AB  - The model of Onchocerca lienalis microfilariae (mf) in CBA mice has been employed
      to examine the immunological mechanisms underlying the destruction of skin
      dwelling mf in onchocerciasis. Comparative studies among immunologically intact
      (CBA/H) or deficient (CBA/N, T-cell-deprived) syngeneic animals demonstrated that
      levels of mf of a primary infection were reduced most rapidly in fully
      immunocompetent mice. Significant reductions in recoveries of a secondary
      infection were evident in CBA/H (80%) and CBA/N (44%) mice, but not in T-cell
      deprived animals. The establishment of primary and secondary infections was
      apparently not influenced by complement, as judged by C3 depletion with Cobra
      Venom Factor. Eosinophilia was demonstrated to varying degrees in all infected
      animals; similar levels occurred in CBA/H and CBA/N mice which were greatly
      elevated after mf challenge. In contrast, the eosinophil response of T-cell
      deprived mice was weak and not potentiated during secondary infection. Type I
      immediate hypersensitivity responses to soluble mf antigen (mf-Ag) were mounted
      by all groups, but significantly less strongly in T-cell-deprived mice. Type IV
      delayed responses were generally weak, although CBA/N mice reacted strongly in
      the early phase of primary infections. During the first 2 weeks of infection
      CBA/H and T-cell-deprived mice mounted rapid IgM responses to mf-Ag.
      Subsequently, levels of IgG2a, IgG2b and IgG1 increased in all mice. There was a
      potentiated IgG2a, IgG2b and IgG1 response in all groups following challenge,
      with levels of IgG1 highest in CBA/H mice. IgE responses were also detected by
      passive cutaneous anaphylaxis during primary and secondary infections. Peak
      levels of parasite-specific antibodies coincided with the timing of mf clearance.

PMID- 3412788
TI  - Use of a clean air system and personal exhaust suit in the orthopaedic operating
      room.

PMID- 3412789
TI  - The exogenous sources and controls of microorganisms in the operating room.

PMID- 3412790
TI  - Anthropometric considerations in the orthopaedic assessment.

PMID- 3412791
TI  - Ethical issues in nursing research.

PMID- 3412792
TI  - Total knee arthroplasty--case study 3-88.

PMID- 3412794
TI  - AIDS: the implications for orthopaedics.

PMID- 3412793
TI  - Total hip arthroplasty--case study 2-88.

PMID- 3412795
TI  - Patellofemoral problems following total knee arthroplasty.
AB  - We reviewed 350 knee arthroplasties performed between 1977 and 1984 for patellar
      problems. Seventeen knees with four types of patellofemoral complications were
      found. The diagnosis in both the group of 350 and the study group of 17 knees was
      evenly distributed between rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. The
      complication rate was 4.9%. Follow-up ranged from one to nine years post
      complication. Two knees had two different complications, providing a total of 19
      complications with five loosenings, three fractures of the patella, one fracture
      of the patellar component, and ten subluxations or dislocations. Sixteen revision
      surgical procedures were performed on 11 knees. Six knees were managed
      nonoperatively. In the four knees with multiple surgeries, one of the
      complications was patellar subluxation or dislocation. Only one patient was
      dissatisfied with his result; however, this included both knees. Patellar
      complications continue to be recognized as a frequent cause of problems after
      total knee arthroplasty. We recommend nonoperative management of patellar
      fractures, revision of implant with loosening or component fracture, and careful
      selection of realignment procedures.

PMID- 3412796
TI  - Imaging rounds #95. Atypical infection: osteoarticular sporotrichosis.

PMID- 3412797
TI  - Tips of the trade #3. Using a bone spreader for open fracture reduction.
AB  - The use of an accessory instrument in open reduction of long bone fractures is
      described. The long bone traction needed in the operating room for fracture
      reduction can be obtained using this method, eliminating the need for the
      customary pulling on the draped extremity. This technique has been used routinely
      for 35 years.

PMID- 3412798
TI  - Orthopaedics overseas #14. Orthopaedics in St. Lucia.
AB  - This paper presents the highlights of a month invested as a volunteer at St. Jude
      Hospital in St. Lucia, West Indies, representing Orthopaedics Overseas.

PMID- 3412799
TI  - [Effect of the enkephalin analog dalargin on the course of severe compression
      shock].

PMID- 3412800
TI  - [Regional blood flow, oxidation-reduction potential and oxygen tension and
      consumption in skeletal muscles in hemorrhagic shock and hyperbaric oxygenation].

PMID- 3412801
TI  - [Effect of a static mechanical load on the strength of the left ventricular wall
      in total ischemia].

PMID- 3412802
TI  - [Effect of right ventricular tachycardia on the blood supply of the heart in
      man].

PMID- 3412804
TI  - [Effect of dibunol on the alpha-tocopherol levels in tissues, erythrocyte
      membranes and blood plasma of rats with myocardial infarct].

PMID- 3412803
TI  - [Action of the antioxidant dibunol on disordered deamination reactions of
      nitrogenous compounds in the heart muscle in experimental hyperthyroidism].

PMID- 3412805
TI  - [Kinetics of the primary immune response to sheep erythrocytes in animals in the
      recovery period after clinical death].

PMID- 3412806
TI  - [Macrophages as inducers of hepatocyte resistance to CCl4].

PMID- 3412807
TI  - [Effect of bruneomycin on the formation of an immune response to sheep
      erythrocytes in old mice with an immune deficiency].

PMID- 3412808
TI  - [Changes in the cardiac function of rabbits in response to ethanol and
      acetaldehyde administration in intact animals and animals in chronic alcoholic
      intoxication].

PMID- 3412809
TI  - [The interrelation of disordered phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages
      with the development of enhanced ethanol sensitivity in chronic alcohol
      intoxication in animals with different levels of predisposition to alcohol
      consumption].

PMID- 3412811
TI  - [Immunomodulating effect of estrogens in different modes of administration].

PMID- 3412812
TI  - [Areactivity of lymphocyte Fc receptors exposed to prostaglandins, isoproterenol
      and change in lipid metabolism in children with diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 3412810
TI  - [Effect of zinc on the oxidation indices and nature of ethanol consumption in
      alcoholic intoxication in an experiment].

PMID- 3412813
TI  - [Comparative study of characteristics in the development of different toxigenic
      syndromes of disseminated intravascular blood coagulation].

PMID- 3412814
TI  - [Dynamics of arginase activity of granulation tissue in aseptic wound healing and
      its effect on the reparative process].

PMID- 3412815
TI  - [The protective potential of the gastric mucosa].

PMID- 3412816
TI  - [The mitotic regimen of the corneal epithelium in the normal rabbit and after
      local irradiation of different sections of skin by infrared laser radiation].

PMID- 3412817
TI  - [What is a typical pathological process?].

PMID- 3412818
TI  - [Cytometric measurements of DNA ploidy in cancer of the large intestine].

PMID- 3412819
TI  - [Cytophotometric studies of the kidneys in aminonucleoside nephrosis in rats
      after administration of nitrogranulogen].

PMID- 3412820
TI  - [Primary cancer of the lungs coexistent with tuberculosis].

PMID- 3412823
TI  - [Lymphoma of the breast detected by cytological examination].

PMID- 3412824
TI  - AMA's RCT proposal: can we talk?

PMID- 3412822
TI  - [Transmission electron microscopy in the differential diagnosis of thyroid tumors
      using specimens obtained by fine-needle puncture biopsy].

PMID- 3412821
TI  - [Transmission electron microscopy in the diagnosis of metastases of malignant
      melanoma using specimens obtained by fine-needle puncture biopsy].

PMID- 3412826
TI  - Infant botulism.

PMID- 3412827
TI  - Premature infant massage: is it safe?

PMID- 3412825
TI  - Increasing awareness of sugar ingestion among children.

PMID- 3412828
TI  - Typhlitis: a complication of neutropenia.

PMID- 3412829
TI  - Intraosseous infusions: an old technique with modern applications.

PMID- 3412830
TI  - Cystic fibrosis in adolescence: a new challenge.

PMID- 3412831
TI  - The adolescent alcohol and drug problem: a practical approach.

PMID- 3412832
TI  - Informed consent: implications for critical care nurses.

PMID- 3412833
TI  - Concerns expressed on pain article.

PMID- 3412834
TI  - Career assessment: impact on professional growth.

PMID- 3412835
TI  - Interviewing 1988 style.

PMID- 3412837
TI  - Credentialing mechanisms--what are they?

PMID- 3412836
TI  - The effects of time on the adolescent sibling bereavement process.

PMID- 3412839
TI  - Pediatric nurses' obligations to AIDS patients.

PMID- 3412838
TI  - Use of topical steroids in children.

PMID- 3412840
TI  - Home care of the child with AIDS.

PMID- 3412841
TI  - Pediatric management problems (testicular torsion).

PMID- 3412842
TI  - Cardiorespiratory response to exercise after the Fontan procedure for tricuspid
      atresia.
AB  - Noninvasive exercise testing was used to assess gas exchange in 13 patients age 6
      25 yr who had undergone Fontan procedures for tricuspid atresia, five of whom had
      preexisting Glenn shunts. The results were compared to 28 age- and sex-matched
      controls. Oxygen saturation was measured by ear oximetry at rest and after
      exercise. Ventilation, oxygen consumption (VO2), carbon dioxide production
      (VCO2), and heart rate were measured during progressive exercise. The ventilatory
      equivalents for oxygen (VE/VO2) and carbon dioxide (VE/VCO2), mixed expired pCO2
      (PECO2) end-tidal pCO2 (PETCO2), and dead space to tidal volume ratio (VD/VT)
      were determined during steady state exercise on a cycle ergometer. Heart rate was
      higher for VO2 by 15% (p less than 0.02) and ventilation was higher for both VO2
      (by 37%, p less than 0.001) and VCO2 (by 27%, p less than 0.002) in the patients
      than the controls. Mean VE/VO2 was 35.4 +/- 7.8 (SD) compared to 25.8 +/- 3.1 (p
      less than 0.001) and mean VE/VCO2 was 41.7 +/- 9.0 compared to 31.6 +/- 4.3 (p
      less than 0.001). Mean PECO2 was 21.4 +/- 4.4 torr with controls at 27.9 +/- 3.8
      (p less than 0.001) and mean PETCO2 was 33.0 +/- 5.3 torr compared to 40.0 +/-
      3.3 (p less than 0.001). The patients had a mean oxygen saturation of 92 +/- 5%
      at rest and abnormal saturation after exercise (87 +/- 9, p less than
      0.005).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3412844
TI  - Reduced severity of oxygen-induced retinopathy in kittens recovered in 28%
      oxygen.
AB  - Chronic hypoxemia adversely affects the retinopathy observed in kittens after a
      hyperoxic exposure (80% oxygen) in the 1st wk of life. To test the converse
      hypothesis, 55 kittens were randomly assigned to recover in room air (21%) or 28%
      inspired oxygen after a 65-h hyperoxic exposure. At 4 wk of age, the retinopathy
      was found to be less severe in the 28% recovered kittens, severity score 3.0 +/-
      3.3 (mean +/- SD), than in the room air recovered animals, severity score 5.7 +/-
      3.3, p less than 0.01. This finding suggests that the clinical practice of
      restricted oxygenation in premature infants warrants reevaluation.

PMID- 3412843
TI  - The effects of prenatal alcohol and marijuana exposure: disturbances in neonatal
      sleep cycling and arousal.
AB  - Neonatal EEG and sleep findings are presented from a longitudinal study of the
      effects of maternal alcohol and marijuana use during pregnancy. Infant outcome
      has been examined relative to the trimester(s) of pregnancy during which use
      occurred. Disturbances in sleep cycling, motility, and arousals were noted that
      were both substance and trimester specific. Alcohol consumed during the first
      trimester of pregnancy was associated with disruptions in sleep and arousal,
      whereas marijuana use affected sleep and motility regardless of the trimester in
      which it was used. Although these findings are preliminary and based on a small
      sample of women exhibiting only moderate substance use during pregnancy, they do
      suggest that specific neurophysiological systems may be differentially affected
      by prenatal alcohol or marijuana exposure even in the absence of morphological
      abnormalities.

PMID- 3412845
TI  - Abstracts for the VI International Symposium on Human Purine and Pyrimidine
      Metabolism. Hakone, Japan, July 17-July 21, 1988.

PMID- 3412846
TI  - Erythrocyte incorporation of ingested 58-iron by infants.
AB  - The least abundant stable isotope of iron, 58Fe (natural abundance 0.322 weight
      %), was administered orally to infants to explore the feasibility of using a
      stable rather than a radioisotope in studies of iron absorption. The dose of 58Fe
      was given between feedings at age 126 days. The mass isotope ratio, 58Fe/57Fe,
      was determined in blood by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy and at
      ages 140, 168, and 196 days. The percentage of the 58Fe dose entering the
      circulation (3.2 to 16.0%) was inversely correlated with serum ferritin
      concentration (r = -0.867, p less than 0.01). For individual infants the SD of
      the percentage of administered dose of iron appearing in the circulation ranged
      from 0.22 to 1.28. We conclude that the method is likely to be suitable for
      within-subject comparisons of iron availability from foods. Because of the large
      between-subject variation, we are pessimistic for this age group about the
      usefulness of study designs based on group comparisons.

PMID- 3412847
TI  - The influence of taurine on the bile acid maximum secretory rate in the guinea
      pig.
AB  - In view of the effect of taurine feeding on the cholestasis induced by sulfated
      lithocholate in the guinea pig, it was of interest to explore the influence of
      taurine on the bile acid secretory maximum (SRm) of chenodeoxycholic acid and of
      its glycine and taurine conjugates. Bile acid secretory rate measured in response
      to stepwise increasing rates showed for chenodeoxcholic acid an SRm of 147 +/- 6
      nmol/min/g liver and any SRm that was higher (p less than 0.01) for taurine than
      for glycine (426 +/- 21 versus 327 +/- 24 nmol/min/g liver). Pretreatment for 3
      days with taurine 0.5% in drinking water led to a 70% increase of the SRm for
      chenodeoxycholic acid. Analysis of the biliary bile acids after supplemental
      taurine demonstrated a large increment of tauroconjugates and no change in the
      percent of free bile acids or of sulfated forms. Experiments with labeled
      chenodeoxycholic acid showed no difference in the distribution of radioactivity
      between total liver, blood, bile, and urine on and off taurine thereby suggesting
      that neither sinusoidal uptake nor translocation across the cell were factors
      responsible for the difference in SRm. Inasmuch as taurine feeding increased the
      SRm for glycine by 30% and for taurine by 25%, it is suggested that taurine
      augments the canalicular excretion of bile acids that represents the rate
      limiting step in the transfer of bile acids from blood into bile through a
      mechanism that cannot be explained only by a modification of the conjugation
      pattern.

PMID- 3412848
TI  - Effect of nonnutritive sucking on infant gastroesophageal reflux.
AB  - To evaluate the effect of pacifier use (nonnutritive sucking) on gastroesophageal
      reflux in infants, 48 infants younger than 6 months of age with pathologic reflux
      were prospectively evaluated with pH probe. In each infant, parameters of reflux
      were blindly quantified during paired periods in a cross-over design when
      pacifier use was either encouraged or prohibited. To determine whether
      positioning was a factor in the effect of nonnutritive sucking on reflux, 24 of
      the infants were studied seated and 24 studied prone. Pacifier use significantly
      affected only the frequency of reflux episodes, increasing it in prone infants
      from 7.2 +/- 1.1 to 12.8 +/- 2.3 episodes/120 min postprandially (p = 0.040) and
      decreasing it in seated infants, from 21.1 +/- 3.1 to 14.8 +/- 2.6 postprandially
      (p = 0.003) and from 17.3 +/- 4.8 to 5.9 +/- 0.9 in the fasting period (p =
      0.035). It did not significantly affect the clearance of reflux episodes or the
      total reflux time. These results suggest that infants with pathologic reflux
      frequency might best avoid pacifier use while in the beneficial prone position.
      When seated position is necessary, the pacifying effects of nonnutritive sucking
      may be useful in decreasing reflux events as well as in reducing crying behavior.

PMID- 3412849
TI  - Useful parameters to predict the eventual mental outcome of hypothyroid children.
AB  - The Quebec Network for Genetic Medicine has followed the development of some 100
      hypothyroid children treated by 1 month of age and evaluated at 18 months, 3 and
      5 yr and the Griffiths Mental Development Scales, then at 7 and 9 yr with the
      Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children Revised. Results show that the children
      as a group reach scores within the normal range of the tests. However, a few
      patients have low scores at each evaluation. Previously, we showed a correlation
      between a low serum thyroxine concentration, or a relatively retarded bone
      maturation before treatment, and low mental scores. To better characterize the
      significance of this relationship we correlated these pretreatment factors and
      the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children Revised results of 43 subjects
      reaching the age of 7 yr. Again, the same correlation was observed. Calculating a
      predictive factor (low thyroxine, less than 2 micrograms/dl and retarded bone
      surface, less than 0.05 cm2) from data recorded before therapy initiation, 10 of
      13 children were correctly predicted to have I.Q. values less than 90. The use of
      these parameters might permit early intervention, and allow specific guidance of
      the more affected subjects.

PMID- 3412851
TI  - Body volume and fat-free mass determinations by acoustic plethysmography.
AB  - An acoustic plethysmograph designed to measure body volumes of infants is
      described. This method uses the principle of the Helmholtz resonator in which the
      resonant frequency of a chamber is inversely proportional to the square root of
      the volume of air inside the chamber. After an object is placed inside the
      chamber, the change in resonant frequency is used to measure the volume of the
      object. The coefficient of variation of repeated measures of body volumes of 13
      miniature piglets (5 to 18 days old, body weights 1253 to 2631 g) ranged from 0.3
      to 3.2%. Body volumes measured by the acoustic method agree closely with those
      calculated from carcass analysis in which body volume is the sum of the volumes
      of total body water, fat, protein, and minerals. Fat-free mass computed from
      densitometry using a four-compartment model and body volume measurements from the
      acoustic method agrees with fat-free mass obtained from carcass analysis. The
      mean difference between methods was not significant: 1 ml for body volume and 3 g
      for fat-free mass. The limits of agreement between methods was +/- 75 ml for body
      volume and +/- 214 g for fat-free mass. Our results indicate that the acoustic
      method can measure a change in body volume of 75 ml and a change in fat-free mass
      of 214 g in a 2000 g infant.

PMID- 3412850
TI  - Zellweger syndrome amniocytes: morphological appearance and a simple
      sedimentation method for prenatal diagnosis.
AB  - Zellweger syndrome is the prototype of a growing group of genetic diseases caused
      by an absence or deficiency of peroxisomes. The defect causes the enzyme catalase
      to remain in the cytosol instead of being packaged into peroxisomes. This
      mislocalization can be easily detected by sedimentation analysis. Amniocytes were
      homogenized and then centrifuged to pellet organelles. Catalase was found to
      sediment with the peroxisomes in the homogenates of normal cells, but to remain
      in the supernatant with Zellweger syndrome amniocyte homogenates. This striking
      difference is unambiguous and reproducible, and provides a simple method for
      prenatal diagnosis. Moreover, it allows one to differentiate diseases in which
      peroxisomes are deficient from other peroxisomal diseases in which the organelle
      is intact, but one enzyme is defective. Electron microscopic observations support
      the biochemical determinations. Normal amniocytes contain small peroxisomes in
      which a weak cytochemical reaction for catalase may be demonstrated. Zellweger
      amniocytes appear to lack these organelles, although some cells have rare
      structures that might be residual or abnormal peroxisomes.

PMID- 3412852
TI  - [Fatty acid composition of blood plasma in the first and subsequent attacks of
      rheumatic fever in children].

PMID- 3412853
TI  - [Evaluation of lipid metabolism in obese children from nurseries in the city of
      Katowice].

PMID- 3412855
TI  - [Studies on the value of breast feeding of children with diseases during the
      first year of life].

PMID- 3412854
TI  - [Obesity in children from nurseries in the city of Katowice. Analysis of
      socioeconomic conditions and the nutrition of obese children].

PMID- 3412856
TI  - [Congenital chickenpox].

PMID- 3412857
TI  - [Adrenogenital syndrome with hypertension and hyponatremia].

PMID- 3412858
TI  - [Laboratory diagnosis of food allergies].

PMID- 3412859
TI  - [Hyperammonemias of childhood. III. Acquired diseases].

PMID- 3412861
TI  - Stand of the presidium of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences on applying the
      product "Celladam" in humans.

PMID- 3412860
TI  - Sex- and age-dependence of platelet aggregation in diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Platelet aggregate ratios (PAR) were determined, and threshold concentrations
      (ED50) of epinephrine, adenosine diphosphate (ADP), and collagen were estimated
      by platelet aggregometry in 88 IDDM and 52 NIDDM patients without hyperlipidaemia
      or azotaemia, and in 106 healthy volunteers to revise the question of
      hyperaggregability in diabetes. ED50-s showed a tendency for negative correlation
      with age, significant in female but not in male controls. Similar trends were
      obtained in IDDM and NIDDM females, but were not in IDDM and NIDDM males. The
      ED50-s of different aggregating agents positively correlated with each other.
      ED50-s were higher in men than in women in both controls and IDDM patients.
      Similar but minor differences were observed between women and men in NIDDM. IDDM
      patients had significantly lower PAR and collagen ED50, and a tendency for
      epinephrine and ADP to be lower as compared to the sex- and age-matched controls.
      The differences of PAR were the same, while those of ED50-s were diminished in
      older NIDDM patients compared to the matched controls. It is concluded, that the
      previously observed general hyperaggregability in diabetic patients may have
      partly resulted from sex- and age differences. Threshold concentrations should be
      compared to sex- and age-matched controls.

PMID- 3412862
TI  - Time-dependent effect of cyclosporin-A on the TSH-receptor antibody synthesis in
      patients with Graves' disease.
AB  - Two patients with hyperthyroidism and Graves' ophthalmopathy were treated with
      cyclosporin A (CyA), in addition to methimazole, after failure of steroid
      therapy. Eye disease showed favorable responses and TSH receptor antibody
      concentration showed precipitous decline in concentrations compared to a gradual
      linear decline in antibody concentrations observed in 10 patients not treated
      with CyA. These results prompted us to investigate the in vitro influence of CyA
      on the synthesis of TSH receptor antibody by a patient's lymphocytes (with
      highest antibody concentration) in response to thyroid membrane antigen. CyA
      caused a dose-dependent reduction of TSH receptor antibody synthesis compared to
      control cultures. The effect of CyA was more marked when added to lymphocyte
      culture at the same time rather than 24 h after addition of antigen, consistent
      with CyA's interference of early T cell triggering by antigen. This study
      emphasizes the importance of helper T cells in synthesis of TSH-receptor antibody
      by cells and suggests that the drug may be therapeutically beneficial in severe
      Graves' ophthalmopathy and/or Graves' hyperthyroidism resistant to conventional
      treatment.

PMID- 3412863
TI  - The validity of diagnostic criteria in multiple sclerosis.
AB  - The diagnostic system of Bauer and that of Schumacher were compared in 75
      patients whose diagnosis was then checked by autopsy (61 cases) or surgery (14
      cases). Both sensitivity and specificity of Bauer's system proved to be
      definitely superior. Its general use is proposed.

PMID- 3412864
TI  - Course and transformation of polycythaemia vera in relation to therapy.
AB  - The fate of the polycythaemic patient depends on the treatment employed which may
      determine the nature of the transformation commonly occurring late in the course
      of the disease. Treatment is, on the other hand, aimed at prevention of the most
      frequent complications, that is of thromboembolic processes. In the last 30 years
      the authors treated a total of 118 PV patients, of whom 60 have died. Initially
      32P treatment was applied, which was modified later, because of acute leukaemia
      that had occurred in 9% of the treated cases, to a single 5 mC 32P+Myelobromol
      (DBM) treatment. Still later only DBM was administered in the form of
      stosstherapy (2500 mg per day over a period of 4 days). In the latter two groups,
      acute leukaemia occurred as few as two cases. The course of untreated
      polycythaemia vera is characterized by transformation into another
      myeloproliferative disease. This phenomenon occurs in 50% of the cases on drastic
      treatment and in patients treated with 32P. Of the patients who were alive when
      the report was finished 35% had been free of complications, while 5.2% were
      suffering from chronic granulocytic leukaemia (CGL), 34.5% from sclerotic osteo
      myelofibrosis (OMF-SC) and 3.4% from chronic megakaryocytic granulocytiv
      leukaemia (CMGL). Of the 60 patients having died, 15% had suffered from other
      complications being predominantly of vascular nature. 11.8% of them died of AML,
      10% of CGL, 26.7% of OMF-SC and 26.7% of CMGL. The terminal stage was
      characterized, in the majority of cases, by blastic crisis. Based on their own
      results and literary data authors recommend DBM treatment besides the
      indispensable phlebotomy.

PMID- 3412866
TI  - A method for the determination of the force-length relation of selected in-vivo
      human skeletal muscles.
AB  - In this paper a method is presented to determine force-length relations of in
      vivo human skeletal muscles. The method is experimental and can be used for
      selected multi-joint muscles. It contains three basic assumptions: (a) the
      maximal, isometric force a muscle can exert is constant for a given muscle
      length, (b) antagonistic muscle activity for the experimental contractions is
      constant, and (c) resultant joint moments obtained during the experiments are
      produced by muscular forces exclusively. Experimentally determined force-length
      relations of intact in-vivo human skeletal muscles have not been determined yet.
      Application of this method will allow the comparison of actual force-length
      relations of selected human skeletal muscles to force-length relations used
      previously. Proposed mechanisms responsible for the force-length characteristics
      of a muscle, such as the cross-bridge theory, may be critically evaluated.
      Differences of force-length relations obtained under in vivo and in vitro
      conditions may be quantified.

PMID- 3412865
TI  - Recovery heat production of isolated rabbit papillary muscle at 20 degrees C.
AB  - Using metal-film thermopiles, heat production of isolated rabbit papillary
      muscles was measured under aerobic conditions at 20 degrees C. The time course of
      total heat production resulting from a single contraction (average of 10) and a
      twitch train of 10 contractions (0.2 Hz) was separated into initial (I) and
      recovery heat (R). The time course of recovery heat production of single twitches
      was characterized by a time constant of 25.4 +/- 1.7 s (mean +/- SE; n = 10). The
      recovery ratio, R/I, was 1.18 +/- 0.08 (mean +/- SE; n = 7). Total heat produced
      25.2 +/- 2.9 mJ.gdw-1 (mean +/- SE; n = 11). After trains of 10 contractions a
      time constant of 25.2 +/- 1.6 s (mean +/- SE; n = 9) was found. The recovery
      ratio was 1.14 +/- 0.09 (mean +/-SE; n = 9). Total heat produced was 489 +/- 41
      mJ.gdw-1 (mean +/- SE; n = 9). Time constants and recovery ratios for 1 and 10
      twitches were not significantly different. This suggests that only the extent but
      not the nature of the chemical processes after contraction changes when the
      preparation produces about 20 times more heat. Since the recovery ratio values
      did not differ largely from the value derived theoretically the conclusion is
      justified that, under normal aerobic conditions, PCr splitting and its oxidative
      resynthesis are the major metabolic processes responsible for the energy supply
      of isolated cardiac muscle.

PMID- 3412867
TI  - Force-length relation of in-vivo human rectus femoris muscles.
AB  - In this paper the force-length relation of intact, in vivo, human rectus femoris
      muscles were determined experimentally and compared to a corresponding
      theoretical force-length relation based on the cross-bridge theory. The
      experimental force-length relation has a much smaller peak force and a much wider
      range of muscle fiber lengths where non-zero forces were observed than the
      theoretical relation. Possible reasons for the differences between the two force
      length relations are discussed.

PMID- 3412868
TI  - Fura-2 detected myoplasmic calcium and its correlation with contracture force in
      skeletal muscle from normal and malignant hyperthermia susceptible pigs.
AB  - Fura-2 was used to estimate myoplasmic [Ca2+] in intact intercostal muscle fibers
      from normal and malignant hyperthermia susceptible (MHS) pigs. Small muscle
      bundles (20-50 fibers) were loaded with the membrane-permeant form of the dye.
      Resting myoplasmic [Ca2+] were not significantly different in normal and MHS
      muscles. Halothane produced increases in myoplasmic Ca2+ with associated
      contractures in MHS muscles, but not in normal muscles. These halothane effects
      were reversible. Caffeine produced increases in myoplasmic Ca2+ and contractures
      in both MHS and normal muscles. The threshold concentrations were lower in the
      MHS muscles. The correlations between myoplasmic [Ca2+] and force in MHS and
      normal muscles were similar.

PMID- 3412869
TI  - Na transport compartment in rabbit urinary bladder.
AB  - Electron microprobe analysis was used to determine cellular electrolyte
      concentrations in rabbit urinary bladder. Under control conditions the mean
      cellular electrolyte concentrations were for Na 11.6 +/- 2.0, for K 124.1 +/-
      15.3, and for Cl 26.0 +/- 5.1 mmol/kg wet weight. The dry weight content was 19.0
      +/- 2.0 g/100 g. Inhibition of the Na/K-pump with ouabain resulted in drastic
      changes of the cellular element concentrations. Similar changes also occurred
      when in addition to ouabain the apical side was kept Na-free. In all epithelial
      layers the Na and Cl concentrations increased by 90 and 30 mmol/kg wet weight,
      whereas the K concentration and the dry weight content decreased by 90 mmol/kg
      wet weight and 6 g/100 g wet weight, respectively. With Na-free choline-Ringer's
      solution on the basal side ouabain led to a decrease in the K concentration by
      about 60 mmol/kg wet weight while the Na and Cl concentrations remained
      unchanged. These data indicate that the basolateral membrane is permeable to Na,
      choline, Cl, and K. Nystatin produced drastic changes in the cellular electrolyte
      concentrations when Na- or Rb-sulfate Ringer's solutions were present on the
      apical side. With Na-sulfate Ringer's solution the Na concentration increased by
      about 25, the Cl concentration by 30 mmol/kg wet weight and the dry weight
      content decreased by 4.5 g/100 g, respectively. With Rb-Ringer's solution about
      20 mmol/kg wet weight of the cellular K was exchanged against Rb. The
      concentration changes were identical in all epithelial layers supporting the idea
      that the rabbit urinary bladder represents a functional syncytium with regard to
      the transepithelial Na transport.

PMID- 3412870
TI  - A new constrictor device for external induction of a long-term stable and
      irreversible renal artery stenosis in the dog.
AB  - A new externally adjustable constrictor device for renal artery stenosis in the
      dog is described. The constrictor combines hydraulic and mechanical
      characteristics, and is connected to the exterior of the animal by a thin
      catheter. Applying hydraulic pressure via the catheter causes the plunger in the
      device to compress the renal artery to any desired degree of stenosis. A
      mechanical catch prevents backward movement of the plunger, thus ensuring a
      stable, irreversible renal artery constriction. This constrictor was implanted in
      13 dogs, together with an electromagnetic blood flow sensor around a renal
      artery. In twelve dogs the constriction procedure was performed 3-12 weeks after
      implantation, and in all 12 cases the intended degree of stenosis [defined as
      percentage renal blood flow reduction (RBF)] was achieved within a range of 10%.
      In 5 dogs the long-term stability of the stenosis was studied and the RBF
      reduction appeared to be stable up to at least 6 weeks after constriction. In
      conclusion, the presented constrictor device is easily externally adjustable, and
      allows induction of a stable renal artery stenosis of various degrees in the
      conscious dog.

PMID- 3412871
TI  - Increased sensitivity of cat cerebral arteries to serotonin upon elevation of
      transmural pressure.
AB  - Segments of middle cerebral artery (MCA) were isolated from cat brains and
      cannulated allowing manipulation of transmural pressure (TP). These cannulated
      vessel segments were mounted in a specially fabricated myograph allowing
      measurement of internal diameter with the aid of a high resolution binocular
      microscope and a video imaging system. Internal diameter was then measured as a
      function of topically applied serotonin at 3 different levels of TP: 60, 100, and
      140 mmHg. As TP was elevated from 60 to 140 mmHg the sensitivity to serotonin
      increased from an ED50 value of 1.3 x 10(-8) to 3.5 x 10(-10) M. We have yet to
      explore the mechanisms involved in the "pressure-mediated" increase in
      cerebrovascular sensitivity to serotonin; however, it may be related to the
      muscle membrane depolarization we have observed previously in response to
      elevations in TP. Such findings may account for the discrepancies in dose ranges
      for serotonin thought to be active in vivo vs. the higher concentrations needed
      to elicit responses in isolated vessels.

PMID- 3412873
TI  - [Vascular injury associated with fracture dislocation of a left costovertebral
      joint--a case of traumatic subcostohemiazygos fistula].

PMID- 3412872
TI  - [Usefulness of selective cerebral intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography
      by transbrachial approach].

PMID- 3412875
TI  - [Clinical significance of 131I meta-iodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy in
      neuroblastoma].

PMID- 3412874
TI  - [Results of radiotherapy of esophageal cancer].

PMID- 3412876
TI  - [Estimation of frequency, population doses and stochastic risks in brachytherapy
      in Japan, 1983].

PMID- 3412878
TI  - Educational outcomes: assessment of quality--state of the art and future
      directions.

PMID- 3412877
TI  - ANA House of Delegates votes to fight AMA proposal.

PMID- 3412879
TI  - Overview of accreditation outcomes project.

PMID- 3412880
TI  - Content analysis of self-studies.

PMID- 3412882
TI  - Project results: relevance and recommendations.

PMID- 3412881
TI  - Validation study.

PMID- 3412883
TI  - Survey of schools.

PMID- 3412884
TI  - National meeting held to address nursing shortage.

PMID- 3412885
TI  - Preparation and characterization of biotinylated psoralen.
AB  - Biotinylated psoralen (BPsor), a psoralen derivative containing a biotin moiety
      attached via a long-chain, positively charged linker, has been synthesized and
      its interactions with DNA and avidin have been studied. As do other psoralen
      derivatives, BPsor photoreacts with DNA to form interstrand crosslinks. The
      biotin binds to streptavidin after the reaction of BPsor with DNA, and this
      property has been used to measure low levels of BPsor modified DNA by ELISA with
      streptavidin and biotinylated alkaline phosphatase. In addition, BPsor retains
      the biological activity of psoralen, as shown by its ability to inhibit
      lymphocyte proliferation at a level of 10 ng/ml.

PMID- 3412886
TI  - The 6-thioguanine/5-methyl-2-pyrimidinone base pair.
AB  - As part of a program to determine the physical possibility of expanding the
      number of types of base pairs in DNA, the pairing stabilities of the analog bases
      6-thioguanine (GS) and 5-methyl-2-pyrimidinone (TH) in oligodeoxynucleotides were
      measured. Procedures were developed to synthesize oligodeoxynucleotides with the
      analog bases. The sequences of the synthesized oligomers were T-C-G-A-C-G-G-X-Y-C
      C-G. An enzymatic procedure was developed to measure relative association
      constants of oligomer pairs with the self complementary reference oligomer, X = A
      and Y = T, K(T/A) = K. The results were K(C/G) = (5 +/- .5)K, K(TH/GS) = K/(1 +/-
      .5), K(T/G) = K/(9 +/- 3), K(TH/G) = K/(25 +/- 5), K(C/GS) less than K/30,
      K(TH/A) less than K/40, K(T/GS) less than K/40, K(C/A) less than K/40. The
      results with the standard bases are consistent with other methods of measurement.
      The stability of the base pair GS/TH is approximately the same as the standard
      base pair A/T.

PMID- 3412887
TI  - Characterization of the TMV encapsidation initiation site on 18S rRNA.
AB  - Tobacco Mosaic Virus capsid protein oligomers react with and encapsidate 18S rRNA
      from both plant and mammalian sources in vitro. The site (ei) in 18S rRNA which
      reacts with capsid protein to initiate the packaging reaction has been localized
      and partially characterized by testing the ability of transcripts from different
      regions of a cloned Cucurbita pepo rDNA repeat unit to become encapsidated. The
      18S rRNA ei is found to react more slowly with capsid protein than does the
      functional virion ei and to lie within a 43 nucleotide region which starts at
      position 157 from the 5' terminus of 18S rRNA. When 6 nucleotides are removed
      from the 5' end, the remaining 37 nucleotide segment is still reactive, but with
      reduced efficiency. The primary structure of the reactive segment has limited
      similarity to the virion ei and can be folded into a stem-loop. The first 18
      nucleotides of the ei region is highly conserved from an evolutionary standpoint
      and this may account for the ability of 18S rRNAs from both plant and mammalian
      sources to be encapsidated.

PMID- 3412888
TI  - A transcriptional barrier to expression of cloned toxin genes of the linear
      plasmid k1 of Kluyveromyces lactis: evidence that native k1 has novel promoters.
AB  - The killer toxin of Kluyveromyces lactis consists of three polypeptides encoded
      by the linear plasmid k1. We re-introduced the entire k1 sequence, cloned on a
      circular replicating plasmid, into K. lactis strains lacking k1, and found that
      the resulting transformants did not produce toxin. The barrier to expression was
      found to be transcriptional: the four transcripts of native k1 were absent, and
      instead shorter, aberrant k1 transcripts were made. We determined the precise
      initiation sites of the four transcripts of native k1: these had very short
      untranslated leaders and mapped about 14bp downstream of an "upstream conserved
      sequence" (UCS). It appears that k1 has novel promoters which are inactive on
      circular plasmids which replicate in the nucleus. This is consistent with the
      suggestion that native k1 resides in the cytoplasm.

PMID- 3412891
TI  - Pulsed homogeneous orthogonal field gel electrophoresis (PHOGE).
AB  - A versatile system (PHOGE) has been developed that allows resolution of molecules
      of DNA megabase pair size by the use of homogeneous, orthogonal, pulsed fields.
      The resulting electrophoretograms have characteristics that differ from those
      produced by other systems for pulsed field electrophoresis. Molecules in a two
      fold range of sizes can be separated with maximum resolution, or a much larger
      range of sizes may be separated with lower resolution but with a linear
      relationship of mobility to size from 50 kb, or below, to at least 1 Mb. Straight
      lanes and large useable gel areas, characteristic of PHOGE, are also valuable for
      mapping procedures or for any other circumstance in which large numbers of
      samples of DNA are to be directly compared. Existing models cannot explain the
      results obtained, because a stage of the molecular reorientation appears to
      result in a rate of migration greater than that occurring by reptation. We
      suggest a mechanism that might account for the resolution observed and also
      suggest that the resolution achieved by existing OFAGE-type systems may be the
      result of the superimposition of PHOGE and FIGE separatory mechanisms. No maximum
      size of molecules that may be resolved by the PHOGE system has yet been
      determined.

PMID- 3412890
TI  - Human repair gene restores normal pattern of preferential DNA repair in repair
      defective CHO cells.
AB  - The pattern of preferential DNA repair of UV-induced pyrimidine dimers was
      studied in repair-deficient Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells transfected with
      the human excision repair gene, ERCC-1. Repair efficiency was measured in the
      active dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) gene and in its flanking, non-transcribed
      sequences in three cell lines: Wild type CHO cells, a UV-sensitive excision
      deficient CHO mutant, and the transfected line of the mutant carrying the
      expressed ERCC-1 gene. The CHO cells transformed with the human ERCC-1 gene
      repaired the active DHFR gene much more efficiently than the non-transcribed
      sequences, a pattern similar to that seen in wild type CHO cells. This pattern
      differs from that previously reported in CHO cells transfected with the denV gene
      of bacteriophage T4, in which both active and non-transcribed DNA sequences were
      efficiently repaired (Bohr and Hanawalt, Carcinogenesis 8: 1333-1336, 1987). The
      ERCC-1 gene product may specifically substitute for the repair enzyme present in
      normal hamster cells while the denV product, T4 endonuclease V, does not be
      appear to be constrained in its access to inactive chromatin.

PMID- 3412889
TI  - Selection of cryptic 5' splice sites by group II intron RNAs in vitro.
AB  - Recognition of 5' splice points by group I and group II self-splicing introns
      involves the interaction of exon sequences--directly preceding the 5' splice site
      -with intronic sequence elements. We show here that the exon binding sequences
      (EBS) of group II intron aI5c can accept various substitutes of the authentic
      intron binding sites (IBS) provided in cis or in trans. The efficiency of
      cleavages at these cryptic 5' splice sites was enhanced by deletion of the
      authentic IBS2 element. All cryptic 5' cleavage sites studied here were preceded
      by an IBS1 like sequence; indicating that the IBS1/EBS1 pairing alone is
      sufficient for proper 5' splice site selection by the intronic EBS element. The
      results are discussed in terms of minimal requirements for 5' cleavages and
      position effects of IBS sites relative to the intron.

PMID- 3412892
TI  - Conserved elements in the transcription initiation regions preceding highly
      expressed structural genes of methanogenic archaebacteria.
AB  - The sequences of the intergenic regions of the strongly expressed genes encoding
      methyl CoM reductase in three different methanogenic archaebacteria were
      determined and the 5'-ends of the transcripts were mapped. After alignment,
      consensus sequences were found which are located both upstream and downstream of
      the transcription starts. They correspond, in part, to those previously
      characterized as putative elements of archaebacterial promoter sequences. In
      addition, bending of the DNA in front of the transcription start sites was shown
      in two cases and a characteristic common DNA structure immediately downstream of
      the 5'-end of the transcript was discovered. This structure was also found in the
      corresponding regions of previously described genes in methanogens. Our results
      suggest that both sequence and structural information may have roles in the
      initiation of transcription of protein encoding genes of these archaebacteria.

PMID- 3412893
TI  - Deletion analysis of the mouse alpha 1(III) collagen promoter.
AB  - A chimeric gene was constructed by fusing the DNA sequences containing the 5'
      flanking region of the mouse alpha 1(III) collagen gene to the coding sequence of
      the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene. Transient
      transfection experiments indicated that the alpha 1(III) promoter is active in
      NIH 3T3 fibroblasts and BC3H1 smooth muscle cells. The activity of the alpha
      1(III) collagen promoter-CAT plasmid is stimulated approximately ten fold by the
      presence of the SV40 enhancer element. Removing sequences upstream of -200
      stimulates the activity of the chimeric gene eight fold. Further deletion
      analysis identified sequences located between -350 and -300 that were
      instrumental in repressing the activity of the promoter. This 50 bp region
      contains a direct repeat sequence that may be involved in the regulation of the
      mouse alpha 1(III) collagen gene. Truncating the alpha 1(III) promoter to -80
      further stimulated expression. We propose that the positive regulatory elements
      of this gene appear to be located within the first 80 bp of the promoter, whereas
      elements located further upstream exert a negative effect on the expression of
      the gene. Regulation of the alpha 1(III) gene contrasts with that of the alpha
      2(I) collagen gene, which appears to be regulated by several positive elements
      located in various regions of the promoter.

PMID- 3412894
TI  - Multiple nuclear factors interact with promoter sequences of the urokinase-type
      plasminogen activator gene.
AB  - To characterize proteins that bind to the cyclic AMP inducible promoter of the
      urokinase-type plasminogen activator gene, we performed a DNAase I footprinting
      analysis. Within 500 nucleotides upstream of the transcription start site we
      found eight protected regions due to at least four different binding proteins.
      Among these is a single binding site for the transcription factor CTF/NF1, which
      is flanked on each side by two conserved binding sites for the transcription
      factor Sp1. A region at -380, which shares a similarity with sequences observed
      in the corresponding regions of other cyclic AMP regulated genes, was protected.
      This binding site contains a sequence of ten nucleotides which is repeated
      further upstream at -480 and also protected against DNAase I digestion.
      Comparisons of extracts from four different cell lines revealed that all DNA
      binding factors are present in nuclei of uPA expressing and nonexpressing cells.
      Mechanism underlying hormonal regulation of the gene is discussed.

PMID- 3412895
TI  - Optimized conditions for pulsed field gel electrophoretic separations of DNA.
AB  - Quantitative measurement of DNA migration in gel electrophoresis requires
      precisely controlled homogeneous electric fields. A new electrophoresis system
      has allowed us to explore several parameters governing DNA migration during
      homogeneous field pulsed field gel (PFG) electrophoresis. Migration was measured
      at different switch times, temperatures, agarose concentrations, and voltage
      gradients. Conditions which increase DNA velocities permit separation over a
      wider size range, but reduce resolution. We have also varied the angle between
      the alternating electric fields. Reorientation angles between 105 degrees and 165
      degrees give equivalent resolution, despite significant differences in DNA
      velocity. Separation of DNA fragments from 50 to greater than 7000 kilobases (Kb)
      can easily be optimized for speed and resolution based on conditions we describe.

PMID- 3412896
TI  - Synthesis of nucleic acid methylphosphonothioates.
AB  - The reagent obtained in situ by treating methylphosphonothioic dichloride with 1
      hydroxy-6-trifluoromethylbenzotriazole could be used for the introduction of
      methylphosphonothioate linkages. The individual diastereomers of the protected
      dimer d-Tp(S,Me)A were applied in the synthesis of the chiral pure (R or S)
      hexamers d-[CpCpTp(S,Me)ApGpG]. The reagent showed also to be very effective for
      the preparation of the 3',5'-cyclic methylphosphonothioate of uridine.

PMID- 3412897
TI  - Right-hand border regions of octopine T-DNA are recognized by RNA polymerase of
      Agrobacterium as well as by VirD1 and VirD2 proteins.
AB  - The T-DNA of octopine Ti plasmid of Agrobacterium tumefaciens contains TL- and TR
      DNA regions each bounded by 25 base-pair-repeats (designated A, B, C and D from
      left to right). Short DNA segments containing the borders B, C and D were found
      to function as promoter when placed in the rightward orientation upstream of
      promoter-less lacZ. Promoter consensus sequence of Agrobacterium were found
      within these border repeats and in their adjacent regions. The expression of lacZ
      was low when the segments contained the overdrive, a sequence known to enhance T
      DNA transfer. Simultaneous overproduction of VirD1 and D2 proteins, endonuclease
      acting on the border repeats, interfered with the promoter functions of the
      border segments. In spite of their activity under these conditions, the border
      regions do not seem to be involved in the gene expression, because they are not
      followed by appropriate open reading frames. We propose that RNA polymerase of
      Agrobacterium competes with VirD products for T-DNA borders and thereby affects
      the transfer of T-DNA.

PMID- 3412898
TI  - Pre-tRNA splicing in a nuclear extract from human leukaemia cells: separation of
      endonuclease and ligase activities.

PMID- 3412899
TI  - Transcription of tRNA genes in a S100 extract from human leukaemia cells.

PMID- 3412900
TI  - Complete nucleotide sequence of gene for sex-specific storage protein of Bombyx
      mori.

PMID- 3412901
TI  - Detection of a possible trans-splicing intermediate in Trypanosoma brucei.

PMID- 3412902
TI  - The nucleotide sequence of the Salmonella typhi ompC porin gene.

PMID- 3412903
TI  - The nucleotide sequence of human transition protein 1 cDNA.

PMID- 3412904
TI  - Confirmation of the reading frame of bacteriophage T4 uvsY gene.

PMID- 3412905
TI  - Nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence of the Bacillus sphaericus 1593M gene
      encoding a 51.4 kD polypeptide which acts synergistically with the 42 kD protein
      for expression of the larvicidal toxin.

PMID- 3412906
TI  - Sequence of human protamine 2 cDNA.

PMID- 3412907
TI  - One more conserved sequence motif in helicases.

PMID- 3412908
TI  - Comparison of tRNA(Trp) and tRNA(Pro) gene sequences in the chloroplast and
      mitochondrial genomes of oenothera.

PMID- 3412909
TI  - DNA fingerprinting: improved DNA extraction from small blood samples.

PMID- 3412910
TI  - Modified gel electrophoresis for higher resolution of DNA fingerprints.

PMID- 3412911
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of cDNA encoding rabbit ferritin L chain.

PMID- 3412912
TI  - DNA tailing without terminal transferase.

PMID- 3412913
TI  - Cloning and sequence of a cDNA encoding rat glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase.

PMID- 3412914
TI  - Proopiomelanocortin cDNA sequences from the bovine ovary indicate alternative non
      functional transcriptional initiation and a new polymorphism.

PMID- 3412916
TI  - NHNA Position Paper on the AMA proposal to create registered care technologists.

PMID- 3412917
TI  - The RCT proposal reviewed.

PMID- 3412918
TI  - A national health care program: has its time come?

PMID- 3412919
TI  - Facing AIDS.

PMID- 3412915
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of a ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase small
      subunit gene (rbcS) in rice.

PMID- 3412920
TI  - Nursing, nothing but nursing!

PMID- 3412921
TI  - A new model for collective bargaining.

PMID- 3412922
TI  - BSN education and PHN practice: good fit or mismatch?

PMID- 3412923
TI  - Care of AIDS patients: student attitudes.

PMID- 3412926
TI  - Those little extras.

PMID- 3412925
TI  - Presiding over change. Interview by Toni Turner.

PMID- 3412924
TI  - Rationing health care to the elderly: a challenge to professional ethics.

PMID- 3412927
TI  - Coming home.

PMID- 3412928
TI  - Bigotry and nursing do not mix.

PMID- 3412930
TI  - Open Sesame. Interview by Toni Turner.

PMID- 3412929
TI  - Project 2000. The new face of nursing?. Interview by Laura Swaffield.

PMID- 3412931
TI  - Project 2000. Widening the entry gate: the case for; the case against.

PMID- 3412933
TI  - Recruit and retain. America's dwindling pool.

PMID- 3412932
TI  - Project 2000. What will it cost?

PMID- 3412934
TI  - Code of conduct. A pawn in the game.

PMID- 3412935
TI  - Everyone's against me.

PMID- 3412936
TI  - Visitations of distress.

PMID- 3412937
TI  - Understanding M.E.

PMID- 3412938
TI  - M.E. and I.

PMID- 3412940
TI  - Direct entry to midwifery.

PMID- 3412939
TI  - The trouble with M.E.

PMID- 3412941
TI  - Continence.

PMID- 3412942
TI  - Continence. All under control.

PMID- 3412943
TI  - Continence. The cost of incontinence.

PMID- 3412944
TI  - Continence. The treatment of choice.

PMID- 3412945
TI  - Continence. Light relief.

PMID- 3412946
TI  - When it's difficult to say no.

PMID- 3412947
TI  - In the ghetto.

PMID- 3412948
TI  - Cancer care. Something to live for.

PMID- 3412950
TI  - Cancer care. Dividing the day.

PMID- 3412949
TI  - How Liz faces up to cancer.

PMID- 3412951
TI  - Shopping around the charities.

PMID- 3412952
TI  - Project 2000. The supernumerary student.

PMID- 3412953
TI  - Project 2000. How much will the grants be?

PMID- 3412954
TI  - Diabetic impotence.

PMID- 3412955
TI  - Old, needy--and black.

PMID- 3412956
TI  - Choosing the design.

PMID- 3412958
TI  - Recruit and retain. Making a comeback.

PMID- 3412959
TI  - Norton v. Waterlow.

PMID- 3412957
TI  - Systems of life. No. 163. Senior systems. 28.

PMID- 3412961
TI  - Teenagers in hospital.

PMID- 3412960
TI  - Realistic thinking.

PMID- 3412962
TI  - Living with pain.

PMID- 3412963
TI  - Traditional practices and nutritional taboos: effect on mothers and perinatal
      outcome.

PMID- 3412964
TI  - Analysis of current nursing situation: existing standards of nursing.

PMID- 3412965
TI  - [Evaluation of the effect of sea climate on peak expiratory flow rate in healthy
      children from an environment with a high degree of air pollution].

PMID- 3412966
TI  - [Clinical analysis of patients with recurrent pulmonary tuberculosis treated at
      the Lung Disease and Tuberculosis Clinic of the Academy of Medicine in Lublin
      1980-1985].

PMID- 3412967
TI  - [Results of the treatment of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis by the short
      term chemotherapy method with reference to the side effects of the drugs].

PMID- 3412968
TI  - [Changes in lysozyme activity in coal miners with pneumoconiosis].

PMID- 3412969
TI  - [A case of pulmonary mycetoma caused by Monosporium apiospermum].

PMID- 3412970
TI  - [Management of Hodgkin's disease after failure of preliminary combined
      treatments].

PMID- 3412971
TI  - [Patient dropouts among children with proliferative nematologic diseases and
      other neoplasms].

PMID- 3412972
TI  - [2 cases of the primary site of malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in the breast].

PMID- 3412973
TI  - [Glycoproteins of bronchial tree secretions in health and selected diseases].

PMID- 3412974
TI  - [Studies of physiological dead space during high-frequency insufflation
      ventilation].

PMID- 3412975
TI  - [Thyroxine and triiodothyronine levels in patients with bronchial cancer,
      pneumonia and pulmonary tuberculosis].

PMID- 3412976
TI  - [Naso-bronchial reflex in patients with allergic rhinitis].

PMID- 3412977
TI  - [Contamination of fibroscopes and their disinfection].

PMID- 3412978
TI  - [Adverse reactions to disulfiram with special reference to hepatotoxicity].

PMID- 3412979
TI  - [Usefulness of measuring the level of procollagen type III peptide in the
      evaluation of liver fibrosis in children].

PMID- 3412980
TI  - [Traditional and mucosal antrectomies with vagotomy in the treatment of recurrent
      duodenal ulcer].

PMID- 3412981
TI  - [Highly selective vagotomy in the treatment of duodenal ulcer. Evaluation of late
      results].

PMID- 3412982
TI  - [So-called chronic acalculous cholecystitis].

PMID- 3412983
TI  - [Effectiveness of zinc sulfate in the treatment of Wilson's disease].

PMID- 3412984
TI  - [Adult patients with congenital cyanotic heart defects. Selective aspects of
      conservative management].

PMID- 3412985
TI  - [Sudden death in acute myocardial infarction and pathomorphological changes].

PMID- 3412986
TI  - [Evaluation of atrioventricular conduction in patients with pre-excitation
      syndromes based on rapid atrial stimulation].

PMID- 3412987
TI  - [Evaluation of pre-excitation symptoms in the 24-hour electrocardiographic
      study].

PMID- 3412988
TI  - [Study of proteolytic systems of the blood in patients with myocardial
      infarction].

PMID- 3412989
TI  - [Echocardiographic symptoms of primary cardiac amyloidosis. Case report].

PMID- 3412990
TI  - Crohn's disease of the vulva in an 8-year-old girl.
AB  - An 8-year-old girl had Crohn's disease of the vulva 16 months before the onset of
      intestinal symptoms. At the time of diagnosis she had no evidence of systemic
      disease. Cutaneous and intestinal lesions responded rapidly to corticosteroids
      and metronidazole. Crohn's disease must be considered in the differential
      diagnosis of nontender, red, edematous plaques of the genital area.

PMID- 3412991
TI  - Erythema gyratum atrophicans transiens neonatale: a variant of cutaneous neonatal
      lupus erythematosus.
AB  - We cared for a patient with neonatal lupus erythematosus with cutaneous and
      hepatic involvement that was clinically and histologically indistinguishable from
      erythema gyratum atrophicans transiens neonatale, an entity described by Gianotti
      and Ermacora in 1975, which we consider to be a subtype of cutaneous neonatal
      lupus erythematosus. The differential diagnosis of any annular erythema in the
      newborn requires careful clinicopathologic evaluation, with direct
      immunofluorescence studies and determination of anti-Ro/SS-A, anti-La/SS-B, and
      anti-nRNP antibodies in both the baby and the mother.

PMID- 3412992
TI  - Twenty nail dystrophy in identical twins.
AB  - Twelve-year-old identical female twins have had lifelong twenty nail dystrophy.
      There is no evidence of other skin disorders. The condition has remained
      unchanged and has been unresponsive to a wide range of therapies. The benign
      clinical course of their nail disorder suggests twenty nail dystrophy may not be
      related to lichen planus or other cutaneous diseases. One of the causes of twenty
      nail dystrophy of childhood may be a localized tissue malformation, analogous to
      inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal naevus.

PMID- 3412993
TI  - An atypical presentation of Kawasaki syndrome in an infant.
AB  - Kawasaki syndrome (KS) is a vasculitis of childhood, the etiology of which is
      unknown. Diagnosis is based on the Center for Disease Control (CDC) criteria in
      which skin and mucous membrane findings play a key role. Coronary artery
      involvement can be fatal. Prompt diagnosis and initiation of therapy can reduce
      the risk of cardiac complication. Autopsy findings of patients with KS who did
      not fit CDC criteria for symptoms have been reported. Infants, in particular, may
      have an atypical clinical course resulting in delayed diagnosis and initiation of
      treatment. This case presents an infant with fever and an atypical rash who did
      not fit diagnostic criteria. Differential diagnosis of infants with prolonged
      fevers and rash, who do not fit into other diagnostic categories, should include
      KS and an appropriate cardiac examination including consideration of an
      echocardiogram.

PMID- 3412994
TI  - Impetigo: a reassessment of etiology and therapy.

PMID- 3412995
TI  - Treatment of scabies with crotamiton.

PMID- 3412997
TI  - Poststeroid panniculitis: a case report.
AB  - Firm, red, subcutaneous plaques developed on the cheeks of a 19-month-old girl
      during a one-month period of rapid steroid withdrawal. The clinical features were
      most consistent with poststeroid panniculitis. This rare complication of steroid
      therapy should be differentiated from other causes of red cheeks in children.

PMID- 3412996
TI  - Neonatal Job's syndrome featuring a vesicular eruption.
AB  - A newborn infant who developed a vesicular eruption, clinically indistinguishable
      from herpetic lesions, eventually developed the classic features of Job's
      syndrome. The initial ares of involvement included the hands and feet, then the
      scalp, face, and suprapubic skin. The clear, tense vesicles varied only slightly
      in size and appeared as isolated, grouped, or confluent lesions on inflamed skin.
      Many eventually became umbilicated. The more typical eczematous component
      appeared over the course of the next several months. Although the child initially
      had an elevated white blood cell count and eosinophilia, his IgE level did not
      become dramatically elevated until after 1 year of age. Job's syndrome should be
      considered as part of the differential diagnosis of a vesicular eruption in the
      newborn.

PMID- 3412998
TI  - Familial occurrence of eruptive vellus hair cysts.
AB  - A 15-year-old white male had an extensive skin eruption that had been present
      since age 2 years. Physical examination revealed flesh-colored, rough-textured
      papules surrounded by faint erythema. These lesions were present diffusely over
      the upper trunk, arms, thighs, face, ears, and neck. Evaluation of four immediate
      family members revealed a similarly affected brother and father. A biopsy of the
      papules showed the presence of a mid-dermal epithelial cyst containing numerous
      vellus hairs.

PMID- 3412999
TI  - A plea for precise definitions (with apologies to J. B. Beckwith).

PMID- 3413000
TI  - A comparison of the microerythrocyte sedimentation rate and the macroerythrocyte
      sedimentation rate methods in pediatric patients.
AB  - A comparison of the micro- and macroerythrocyte sedimentation rate methods
      performed in disposable polystyrene tubes using venous blood from 524 pediatric
      patients demonstrates an excellent correlation between the methods. The
      micromethod produces values higher than the macromethod at values above 10 mm/h
      but this difference is not of sufficient magnitude at the clinical decision level
      to warrant a change in the traditional reference ranges. The mean difference
      between the two methods in the 10-25 mm/h range is 1.4 mm/h. The high bias of the
      micromethod is accentuated in samples with hematocrits less than 30%. The micro-
      and macromethods do not maintain a constant relationship throughout the range
      evaluated.

PMID- 3413001
TI  - Relationship of birth weight to the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis in
      the neonatal piglet.
AB  - The relationship between birth weight and the development of necrotizing
      enterocolitis (NEC) was studied in the term-delivered neonatal piglet. Hypoxia
      (pO2 less than 30% for 1 h) coupled with hyperviscosity (hematocrit more than
      75%), with and without splenectomy, resulted in a high frequency and severity of
      NEC. This effect was most pronounced in low birth weight (LBW) animals. A
      statistically significant inverse relationship was found between birth weight and
      the number and severity of lesions. Splenectomy increased the incidence and
      severity of lesions particularly in LBW animals. A predominance of lesions was
      found in the distal ileum with occasional occurrences elsewhere in the small
      bowel and in the proximal colon. The neonatal piglet is capable of producing the
      full spectrum of NEC under acceptable experimental conditions. LBW is a
      significant predisposing factor in the pathogenesis of NEC.

PMID- 3413003
TI  - Parapharyngeal inflammatory pseudotumor presenting as fever of unknown origin in
      a 3-year-old girl.
AB  - A parapharyngeal inflammatory pseudotumor in a 3-year-old girl who presented with
      high fever, anemia, and weight loss is described. The histologic differentiation
      from other fibroblastic lesions occurring in the head and neck region of a child
      is discussed. Symptoms improved dramatically after removal of the mass. The
      lesion may represent an exaggerated local response to an as yet unidentified
      agent with concomitant systemic manifestations.

PMID- 3413002
TI  - Endovascular papillary angioendothelioma in the spleen.
AB  - Endovascular papillary angioendothelioma is a rare vascular neoplasm originally
      described as involving the skin and subcutaneous tissues. No case has been
      reported to involve the spleen, although structurally similar splenic neoplasms
      have been reported under different names. A 5-year-old boy presented with
      isolated splenomegaly and was found to have endovascular papillary
      angioendothelioma of the spleen. Studies supported the suggestion that the
      endovascular papillary angioendothelioma manifests focal "high" endothelial
      differentiation.

PMID- 3413004
TI  - Sciatica due to intervertebral disk herniation. Surgical management.

PMID- 3413005
TI  - Conservative management of lumbar disk herniation.
AB  - Treatment of lumbar disk herniation must be tailored to the individual patient.
      Bed rest, physical therapy, comfortable positioning, manipulation, drug therapy,
      and if necessary, hospitalization all have a place in the treatment of the acute
      phase. A surgical decision should be made only after thorough discussion with the
      patient. In patients with chronic or recurrent disk herniation, the prognosis for
      recovery from pain or dysfunction is often poor. Bed rest (if never tried
      before), physical therapy, biofeedback, stress management, rehabilitation
      programs, and drug therapy may be useful in alleviating discomfort and
      disability. Percutaneous diskectomy, while too new for accurate assessment, shows
      promise as a significant alternative to traditional lumbar laminectomy.

PMID- 3413006
TI  - Paradoxical embolism.

PMID- 3413007
TI  - Heavy metal music and drug abuse.

PMID- 3413008
TI  - HIV testing may offend some patients.

PMID- 3413009
TI  - AIDS: a patient's view. Interview by Harvey N. Mandell.

PMID- 3413010
TI  - Inbreeding effects on fertility and hatchability associated with the formation of
      sublines.
AB  - The deleterious effect of inbreeding on fertility and hatchability was studied in
      a population of Leghorns developed primarily for immunogenetics studies. The 1983
      population averaged 42% inbreeding and traced back to only two sires and five
      dams of the 1965 base population. Up to 1975 (Period 1), the population was
      maintained as a single-unit closed flock, during which time inbreeding increased
      an average of 1.44% per year. After 1975 (Period 2), the population was split
      into five sublines. Inbreeding then increased at the average rate of 2.7% per
      year. The regression of fertility on inbreeding was -.31 +/- .04 in Period 1 and 
      .17 +/- .06 in Period 2. Corresponding values for hatchability of fertile eggs
      were +.08 +/- .05 in Period 1 and -.24 +/- .07 in Period 2. The regression of
      hatchability of total eggs set was -.15 +/- .04 in Period 1 and -.35 +/- .10 in
      Period 2. The evidence implies that both fertility and hatchability have a
      heritable basis. As expected, the deleterious effects of inbreeding on
      reproduction was more severe in Period 2, with sublining.

PMID- 3413011
TI  - Embryogenesis of the secondary palate in pigeons.
AB  - Embryogenesis of the secondary palate in pigeons was studied, using light and
      electron microscopy. The secondary palate of the pigeon develops between Days 7
      to 11 of incubation. During this period the palatal processes grow toward one
      another, but unlike those in the mammals and alligator, they never fuse. In
      contrast to both the chick, wherein the medial edge epithelium (MEE)
      differentiates to orthokeratinization, and quail wherein the MEE becomes
      parakeratinized, the MEE of the pigeon, like that of the duck, differentiates to
      a nonkeratinized, stratified squamous type. It is suggested that although
      patterns of morphogenesis of the secondary palate in different bird species
      appear to be similar, the programming, and consequently, the pattern of
      subcellular differentiation of the MEE may reflect natural selection or
      adaptation to differences in diets and feeding habits.

PMID- 3413012
TI  - Evaluation of fly-electrocuting black light devices in caged-layer poultry
      facilities.
AB  - Insect-electrocuting black light devices were evaluated for their effectiveness
      in killing flies in caged-layer poultry facilities. Concurrently, the effect of
      the addition of the attractant muscalure (Z-9-tricosene) to these devices on
      their fly-killing efficiency was evaluated. An average of over 29,000 flies were
      killed per device per week in Facility 1 and 7,000 flies per device per week in
      Facility 2 over the 8-wk evaluation period. The addition of muscalure (25 to 200
      mg/device) increased the number of flies killed by the devices by as much as 76%
      but only one of the increases was statistically significant. Both the house fly,
      Musca domestica, and the garbage fly, Ophyra spp. were apparently attracted to
      muscalure, as the number of both fly species killed was consistently higher in
      devices containing the attractant than in devices without the attractant.

PMID- 3413013
TI  - Evaluation of bioelectrical impedance for estimation of body composition in 8
      week-old broilers.
AB  - Bioelectrical measurements (resistance and reactance) were obtained from 35 male
      and 45 female 8-wk-old broilers using a tetrapolar technique. Body weight, dorsal
      body length (BL), thigh diameter (TD), and proximate analysis (percentage fat,
      protein, and moisture) were also ascertained. Twenty birds of each sex were
      randomly assigned to a calibration group and the remaining birds to a prediction
      group. Data for birds in the calibration group were used to generate regression
      equations for estimating whole body composition. Data from birds in the
      prediction group were collected for possible validation of the calibration
      equations. Repeatability values for resistance (Re), reactance (Xc), and
      composition variables were equal to or greater than .78. Coefficients of
      determination (R2) among percentage body moisture, fat, and protein and body and
      bioelectrical measurements in males were .41, .36, and .24 (P less than .05),
      respectively. Percentage moisture in females was predicted by TD2/BL (R2 = .22, P
      less than .05). Body composition was not adequately predicted by variables
      measured in this study.

PMID- 3413015
TI  - Chicken breast muscle fiber type and diameter as influenced by age and
      intramuscular location.
AB  - Six trials were conducted to determine the influence of muscle (pectoralis major
      and pectoralis minor) and location within the muscle on fiber type and diameter
      in four different age groups of chicken. Broilers obtained from a commercial
      processing plant, Athens Canadian Randombred chickens, roasters, and broiler
      breeder hens were killed via cervical dislocation. Muscle samples were removed
      from the anterior, middle, and posterior areas of the pectoralis major (p.
      major), and from the anterior and posterior areas of the pectoralis minor (p.
      minor). Frozen transverse muscle sections, 10 mm thick, were prepared at -20 C,
      stained for adenosine phosphatase activity, and photomicrographed for fiber
      typing and fiber diameter measurement. No differences were found in fiber types
      by age group, sex, or location within the muscle. The p. minor muscle had more
      intermediate fibers than the p. major muscle. Fiber diameters were significantly
      larger in the posterior portion of the p. major muscle than in the anterior or
      middle portions in two of the broiler trials, the female roasters, and the
      breeder hens. No significant differences in fiber diameter were noted for the p.
      minor muscle.

PMID- 3413014
TI  - Rapid determination of egg weight and specific gravity using a computerized data
      collection system.
AB  - A rapid data-collection system for determining egg weight and specific gravity is
      described. The method links a microcomputer and an electronic balance to
      facilitate specific gravity determination by the displaced water (CADW) or
      Archimedes' method. Measurements obtained by this technique were compared with
      those determined by the saline flotation method. Repeatability measures showed
      both methods to be relatively precise. The CADW method was faster and reduced
      opportunities for clerical error.

PMID- 3413016
TI  - Association of rate-of-feathering genotypes in broilers with production and
      carcass composition traits. 2. Effect of genotypes and diet on processing traits
      and lipid deposition.
AB  - Five rate-of-feathering genotypes: K/K, K/k+, and k+/k+ in male and K/W and k+/W
      in female broilers were produced from matings of grandparent stocks of a common
      genetic background. Genotypes were compared for differences in processing
      characteristics and lipid deposition using isocaloric high and low protein diets
      from 28 to 52 days. The two female genotypes reared on the same diet did not
      differ on measures of plant weights, eviscerated carcass weights, breast weights,
      and abdominal fat pad weights. Significant differences were observed among the
      male genotypes reared on the same diet in plant weights, eviscerated carcass
      weights, and breast weights. All genotypes reared on the high protein diet had
      significantly increased plant weights, eviscerated carcass weights, and breast
      weights and significantly decreased abdominal fat pad weights and percentage
      carcass lipid.

PMID- 3413017
TI  - Salmonella methodology update.
AB  - This paper reviews the numerous research studies carried out at Richard Russell
      Agricultural Research Center over the past 10 to 15 yr that ultimately led to the
      Center's present methods for the isolation of Salmonella from processed broiler
      carcasses and poultry feed. In addition, the newer technologies that have
      recently evolved are discussed in complete detail. Included in these discussions
      are the advantages and disadvantages of the various technologies along with
      recommendations for making them more useful to the practicing food or poultry
      microbiologist.

PMID- 3413018
TI  - Integrated colonization control of Salmonella in poultry.
AB  - Control of the human enteropathogen Salmonella in poultry is a top priority of
      the USDA and the Agricultural Research Service. Numerous approaches are being
      taken to try and eliminate or at least reduce the levels of Salmonella on
      processed broilers. In this paper, factors that affect the degree of Salmonella
      colonization of poultry are examined, and different approaches to reduce
      Salmonella colonization are discussed. When used together, these approaches form
      a concept called integrated colonization control.

PMID- 3413019
TI  - Modifications of processing methods to control Salmonella in poultry.
AB  - Salmonellae are ubiquitous in our environment. The organism seems to have adapted
      to changes in its environment; it has survived improvements in sanitation
      practices, chemical treatments, and antibacterial drugs. Salmonellae can be
      introduced into the poultry production cycle through the hatchery, feed, broiler
      house, rodents, and man. Once colonized in one broiler, the organism can be
      shared with other broilers, either internally or externally. The poultry
      transport container provides an avenue for organisms to transfer from one
      broiler's excrement to at least the feathers of other broilers. Much effort has
      been expended on research and development by equipment manufacturers and
      researchers to improve the microbiological quality of poultry carcasses.
      Innovations such as spray scalding, automation of eviscerating process, provision
      of handwash nozzles for manual work stations, immersion chilling, and cooling of
      carcasses packed in plastic bags offer possibilities for reducing microbial loads
      on carcasses.

PMID- 3413020
TI  - Salmonellosis control: estimated economic costs.
AB  - Salmonellosis, a common human intestinal disorder primarily caused by Salmonella
      contaminated meats and poultry, was estimated to cost Americans around one
      billion dollars in 1987. Only medical costs and productivity losses were included
      in the estimate of costs of the two million cases estimated to occur annually. If
      pain and suffering, lost leisure time, and chronic disease costs could be easily
      quantified, the estimate would increase significantly. Other procedures for
      calculating the value of life could change the estimates of economic benefits of
      reducing human salmonellosis. Incorporating losses to farmers, whose animals have
      reduced feed efficiency, reduced weight gain, or deaths because of chronic
      salmonellosis, would increase the size of estimates. Costs of food safety
      regulatory programs and costs to the industry for product recalls and plant
      closures due to foodborne salmonellosis outbreaks, if included, would also
      increase the size of estimates. The National Academy of Sciences has endorsed
      risk assessment as a necessary method for evaluating and improving food safety
      regulatory programs, especially as applied to Salmonella contamination of
      poultry. This report reviews and updates research on cost estimates of
      salmonellosis. Understanding the costs of salmonellosis is an important part of
      risk assessment, as a key objective of regulatory programs is reducing human
      salmonellosis.

PMID- 3413021
TI  - Assessment of Salmonella contamination in poultry--past, present, and future.
AB  - Recent publicity about Salmonella contamination in poultry and the report of the
      National Research Council (NRC) on poultry inspection have focused public
      attention on the problem of microbial contamination in commercially processed
      poultry. Despite the public perception that such contamination is a relatively
      new phenomenon, benchmark studies over the years indicate this is not the case.
      New solutions to the problem have been suggested by the NRC and others, but the
      fundamental nature of the problem has remained the same. Food Safety and
      Inspection Service programs to deal with the problem will need to be supplemented
      by efforts by other agencies and the industry and consumer sectors if significant
      public health gains are to be achieved.

PMID- 3413022
TI  - Effect of dietary fluoride on performances and bone characteristics of broilers
      and the influence of drying and defatting on bone-breaking strength.
AB  - A trial with broiler males, housed in cages, was conducted to determine the
      effect of (added) dietary fluoride at 0, 200, and 400 mg/kg on performance and
      bone characteristics and the influence of preconditioning (drying, defatting) on
      bone-breaking strength. The F administration resulted in a significantly (P less
      than .05) lower weight gain. Feed conversion, however, was not affected. Tibial
      ash deposition and ash-percentage increased significantly (P less than .05) at
      both dietary levels of added F. Broiler males fed supplemented F had a
      significantly (P less than .05) higher incidence of tibial dyschondroplastic
      plugs and epiphyseal bone with looser structure, as judged macroscopically.
      Tibial bone strength was significantly (P less than .05) affected not only by
      dietary F level, but also by preconditioning, resulting in a significant
      interaction. Administration of F had a significantly negative or positive effect
      on breaking strength, depending on whether the measurements were carried out on
      fresh bones or dried (defatted) bones, respectively. This diverging response of F
      on breaking strength offers a valid explanation for the contradictory results in
      the literature, demonstrating at the same time that F supplementation of feed or
      drinking water should be discontinued as a method to improve bone-breaking
      strength.

PMID- 3413023
TI  - Improved hatchability of turkey eggs at high altitudes due to added oxygen and
      increased incubation temperature.
AB  - Turkey egg hatchability at high altitudes was examined at two different oxygen
      tensions and two incubation temperatures. Incubating turkey eggs in a 149-torr
      oxygen environment at 37.7 C gave significantly better hatchability than a 109
      torr oxygen environment at 37.5 C. Embryonic mortality data indicated that the
      higher incubation temperature in combination with increased oxygen tension
      decreased embryonic mortality during the 3rd and 4th wk of incubation and
      resulted in higher hatchability. The data suggest that hatchery managers at high
      altitudes should supplement with oxygen and incubate turkey eggs at higher
      temperatures than employed at lower altitudes.

PMID- 3413024
TI  - Ultrastructure of the testis and epididymis of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix
      japonica) administered gossypol.
AB  - When Japanese quail were given gossypol acetic acid intramuscularly at 25 mg/kg
      body weight per day for 9 days, testis/body weights were reduced to 63% of those
      of controls. Lumina of the seminiferous tubules became smaller but were packed
      with tails of spermatids. Mitochondria of spermatids changed in shape from
      elongated to round. After administration of gossypol for 21 days, testis/body
      weights were 14% of those of controls. Lumina of seminiferous tubules were
      completely collapsed, germinal epithelia became much thinner, and basal lamina of
      the germinal epithelium underwent extensive ruffling. Although primary
      spermatocytes were seen, neither spermatids nor sperm were present. The cytoplasm
      of germinal epithelial cells was packed with numerous lipid droplets. At Day 8 of
      withdrawal following 21 days of gossypol administration, testis/body weights were
      23% of those of controls. Reduced numbers of lipid inclusions and partial
      recovery of spermatogenesis in the testis were observed. In the epididymal
      region, epithelial cells of the ductuli efferentes progressively accumulated
      lipid droplets, and luminal collapse was seen after 21 days of gossypol
      administration. After gossypol administration for 21 days, no sperm were found in
      the ductus epididymidis, the lumina were collapsed, and microvilli of the
      epithelial cells were lost. At Day 8 of withdrawal after 21 days of gossypol
      administration, lipid content was reduced in the ductuli efferentes. The lumina
      of the ductus epididymidis were open, but no spermatozoa were seen. These
      observations indicate that gossypol severely altered tissues of the quail testis
      and epididymal region. However, this alteration seems to be reversible.

PMID- 3413025
TI  - Research note: effects of caponization on broiler growth.
AB  - The effect of caponization on growth of male broiler chicks was investigated in
      two experiments. Broiler chicks were caponized, sham-operated, or left as intact
      controls at 3 wk of age (Experiment 1) or 1 wk of age (Experiment 2). When
      processed at 7 wk of age, intact control broilers in both experiments were
      significantly heavier than sham-operated or caponized broilers, with no
      significant weight differences between sham-operated and caponized birds.
      However, the slope of growth rate in capons was significantly greater than that
      of sham-operated controls in Experiment 2. Capons also had significantly larger
      abdominal fat pads than did sham-operated controls.

PMID- 3413026
TI  - Intestinal absorption of chloral hydrate, free trichloroethanol and
      trichloroacetic acid in dogs.
AB  - In order to examine the intestinal absorption of chloral hydrate (CH), free
      trichloroethanol (F-TCE) and trichloroacetic acid (TCA), an intestinal
      circulation system in dogs was developed using jejunal, ileal and colonic loops,
      and solutions of CH, F-TCE and TCA were circulated within them. The
      concentrations of these substances and their metabolites in the serum, urine,
      bile and circulates were then measured. In all groups, the fraction of water
      absorbed from the intestine was about 10% of the administered volume two hours
      after administration. The absorbed fraction of CH was about 50% in the jejunum
      and ileum, and about 40% in the colon. The absorbed fraction of F-TCE was about
      60% in the jejunum, 50-60% in the ileum and about 40% in the colon, while the
      figures for TCA were about 40-50% in the jejunum and about 30-40% in the ileum
      and colon. The combined biliary and urinary excretion ratios of the administered
      substances and their respective metabolites to the total amounts absorbed from
      the intestine were about 25-30% for F-TCE, 10-15% for CH and 0.1-0.2% for TCA in
      all parts of the intestine two hours after administration.

PMID- 3413027
TI  - Toxicity of n-C9 to n-C13 alkanes in the rat on short term inhalation.
AB  - Male Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to inhalation of n-C9 to n-C13 alkanes
      close to air saturation at 20 degrees (4438, 1369, 442, 142 and 41 p.p.m.,
      respectively) for 8 hours and observed for the following 14 days. In addition,
      exposure to higher and lower concentrations of n-C9 was performed. The
      concentration of alkane in the brain after exposure exceeded that of blood for
      the lower alkanes, while the higher alkanes possessed a brain/blood ratio equal
      to or less than unity. Gross ataxia, general and focal seizure and spasms were
      observed in animals exposed to n-C9 in the range from 5280 to 3560 p.p.m. No
      toxic effects were observed in animals exposed to 2414 p.p.m. of n-C9 or to the
      other alkanes. An LC50 value for n-C9 of 4467 +/- 189 p.p.m. was estimated.
      Despite the clinical improvement in animals surviving the n-C9 exposure of 4438
      p.p.m. (6/10), severe cerebellar damages were found at autopsy at the end of the
      observation period, with a loss of Purkinje cells as the most prominent feature.
      Immediate post mortem examination (4/10) showed marked vascular congestion of the
      liver as well as slight fatty degeneration but no cerebellar damage. No
      abnormalities were observed in animals exposed to the other alkanes. The
      significant distribution in the brain of the n-C9 alkane, the clinical signs of
      cerebellar dysfunction and the damage of cerebellar neurons would suggest CNS to
      be a possible target organ for the toxic effects of the n-C9 alkane.

PMID- 3413028
TI  - Disulfiram prevents acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in rats.
AB  - Hepatic necrosis due to an oral acetaminophen overdose (4.25 g/kg b.wt.) was
      prevented by pretreatment with disulfiram 100 mg/kg, given for 3 weeks or as a
      single dose. Twenty-four hours after acetaminophen the impairment of hepatic
      function, measured as prothrombin index, and the depletion of hepatic glutathione
      were prevented. Hepatic cytochrome P-450 levels were unchanged but cytochrome P
      450 mediated p-nitroanisole demethylation was reduced by disulfiram pretreatment.
      Disulfiram pretreatment reduced 24 hour urinary excretion of acetaminophen
      mercapturate and- cysteine while excretion of -sulfate and -glucuronide was
      unchanged. After 72 hours acetaminophen induced hepatic necrosis were prevented.
      Identical observations were made in animals pretreated with disulfiram for 3
      weeks. Five hours after acetaminophen overdose its irreversible binding to
      hepatic proteins was not changed. After 24 hours, however, it was increased in
      animals pretreated with a single disulfiram dose and unchanged in animals
      pretreated for 3 weeks. The protective mechanism of disulfiram after
      acetaminophen overdose is not mediated via a change in overall irreversible
      binding of acetaminophen to hepatic protein.

PMID- 3413029
TI  - Class III antiarrhythmic action linked with positive inotropy: effects of the d-
      and l-isomer of sotalol on isolated rat atria at threshold and suprathreshold
      stimulation.
AB  - The beta-adrenoceptor blocker sotalol has been shown to possess class III
      antiarrhythmic action. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that
      class III antiarrhythmic action and positive inotropy may be linked. Since d,l
      sotalol has previously been reported to have variable inotropic effect, we
      studied direct effects of the d- and l-stereoisomer of sotalol on refractoriness
      and inotropy of isolated rat atria at different strengths of electrical
      stimulation. Both the d- and l-stereoisomer of sotalol (7.5 x 10(-5) M) increased
      the effective refractory period, and to the same extent. However, d-sotalol
      increased isometric contractile force by 10%, while l-sotalol had no significant
      effect, when the atria were stimulated at close to threshold values (10 +/- 1
      mA). Probably due to release of noradrenaline within the myocardium, contractile
      force increased when the atria were stimulated at suprathreshold values (40 mA).
      At suprathreshold stimulation, however, d-sotalol induced a 10% decrease and l
      sotalol a 20% decrease, in contractile force. In conclusion, the class III
      antiarrhythmic action of sotalol is linked with positive inotropy. In the
      presence of neurotransmitter release, negative inotropic effect of d- and in
      particular l-sotalol, may occur due to beta-adrenoceptor blocking activity.

PMID- 3413030
TI  - Action of mercurials on activity of partially purified soluble protein kinase C
      from mice brain.
AB  - The enzymatic activity of soluble protein kinase C from mice brain was inhibited
      by mercuric chloride (II) (HgCl2) and organic mercurials, i.e. methyl mercury,
      phenyl mercury and p-chloromercuribenzoic acid (PCMB). The IC50 was 0.08 microM
      for HgCl2 and about 1 microM for organic mercurials. Sulfhydryl blocking reagents
      such as 5,5'-dithiobis-2-nitrobenzoic acid (DTNB) and N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) were
      less potent but nevertheless inhibited the enzymic activity of protein kinase C.
      The Hill coefficients of HgCl2, DTNB and NEM were close to unity whereas the
      values for organic mercurials were 1.3 to 1.5. The inhibition was of a non
      competitive type with respect to H1 histone. 3H-PDBu binding activity was also
      inhibited by all of the reagents in a non-competitive manner. Mercurials
      apparently bind to sulfhydryl groups of protein kinase C to inhibit the enzymatic
      activity.

PMID- 3413031
TI  - Subacute toxicity of monocrotophos and its influence on circulating enzymes of
      Bubalus bubalis.
AB  - Oral administration of 0.5 mg/kg/day monocrotophos for 28 days caused death in
      one out of three animals. A dose of 2.0 mg/kg/day of monocrotophos was 100
      percent lethal within 8-12 days after start of insecticide administration.
      Clinical symptoms were mainly characterised by ataxia, knuckling of limbs,
      progressive paralysis and prostration. Monocrotophos at both doses caused
      significant inactivation of erythrocyte cholinesterase (29.4-50.8%) and caused
      significant elevation in the serum levels of aspartate and alanine
      aminotransferases.

PMID- 3413032
TI  - Elimination kinetics and urinary excretion of disopyramide in human healthy
      volunteers.
AB  - Elimination kinetics and the renal handling of disopyramide was examined in 8
      healthy volunteers. Approximately 50% of the administered disopyramide undergoes
      hepatic metabolism (metabolic clearance = 116.1 +/- 42.2 ml/min.), while the rest
      is excreted by the kidneys (renal clearance = 101.9 +/- 21.6 ml/min.). Total
      renal excretion rate of disopyramide was 0.676 +/- 0.188 mumol/min. and 0.258 +/-
      0.029 mumol/min. was excreted by glomerular filtration leaving a net tubular
      secretion of 60% of the total renal elimination. A significant positive
      correlation was observed between total serum concentrations and renal clearance
      values of disopyramide while no significant correlation could be obtained between
      serum concentrations of the unbound drug and renal clearance values of
      disopyramide, implying a constant value of unbound renal clearance. Hepatic blood
      flow was significantly (P less than 0.005) decreased following disopyramide
      infusion.

PMID- 3413033
TI  - Variable bioavailability of papaverine.
AB  - The plasma concentration curves of papaverine have been studied in nine healthy
      males and seven patients after administration of single intravenous (80 mg) and
      oral (80 mg) doses. The bioavailability of the drug was highly variable with a
      mean of 28% (range 5-99%) but reproducible within the same individual (4 of the
      volunteers) after a repeated (80 mg) oral dose. The calculated half-life after
      intravenous administration ranged between 1.2-6.6 hours (mean 3.0). The mean
      apparent volume of distribution was 3.1 l/kg and the mean total plasma clearance
      was 836 ml/min. It is concluded that papaverine shows an unacceptable inter
      individual variation in the bioavailability after oral administration of 80 mg
      tablets.

PMID- 3413034
TI  - Inhibitor panel studies of human hepatic and placental cytochrome P-450
      associated monooxygenase activities.
AB  - 1. A panel of nine inhibitors displaying some P-450 isozyme specificity was used
      to characterize aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) and 7-ethoxyresorufin 0
      deethylase (ERDE) activities in human liver and placenta in vitro in comparison
      with liver enzymes from control, phenobarbital (PB) and 3-methylcholanthrene (MC)
      treated rats. 2. SKF 525A and cimetidine inhibited more potently hepatic AHH than
      the placental enzyme. 7,8-Benzoflavone inhibited more efficiently placental AHH
      than the hepatic enzyme, whereas ERDE was inhibited at the same level in both
      tissues. Quinine, quinidine, SKF 525A and metyrapone inhibited ERDE almost to the
      same extent in both tissues, but the variability was larger with the liver
      enzyme. Aminoglutethimide, debrisoquine or tetrahydrofuran did not inhibit AHH or
      ERDE significantly in either tissue. 3. When compared with inhibition profiles
      obtained with rat liver microsomes, the human hepatic and placental ERDE
      resembled most that of MC-treated rat liver enzyme. Inhibition profile of
      placental AHH activity was also similar, but the inhibition characteristics of
      hepatic AHH activity resembled more closely control or PB-induced rat liver. It
      also seems that isozymes for alcohol induction or debrisoquine hydroxylation do
      not contribute significantly to hepatic or placental AHH or ERDE. 4. The
      inhibitor panel selected on the basis of known pretreatment and isozyme
      specificity might be useful in the characterization of enzymes and metabolic
      biotransformations participating in the metabolism of new substrates.

PMID- 3413035
TI  - Rat kidney lysosomal membrane damage induced by suramin in vitro and in vivo.
AB  - The effect of suramin, an acid naphthylamine, on rat kidney lysosomal membrane
      integrity was studied. Lysosomal particles were incubated with suramin (0.1-0.4
      mM) and light scattering behaviour of the mixtures were subsequently measured.
      There was a significant decrease (P less than 0.005) in the amount of light
      absorbed in the presence of suramin compared to lysosomal particle suspension
      alone. This was accompanied by release of acid phosphatase, a lysosomal 'marker'
      enzyme, into the suspending medium. These effects were reduced in the presence of
      acetylsalicylic acid, a known lysosomal membrane stabilizer. Administration of
      suramin to rats resulted in loss of kidney acid phosphatase and lysozyme
      activities from the tissue. These results indicate labilization of rat kidney
      lysosomal membrane by suramin molecules both in vitro and in vivo.

PMID- 3413036
TI  - Biosynthetic human growth hormone: subchronic toxicity studies in rats and
      monkeys.
AB  - Biosynthetic human growth hormone was injected subcutaneously in rats for 90 days
      and in cynomolgus monkeys for 30 days. The daily doses were 0.5, 3.3 and 25 IU kg
      1 (rats) and 0.3 and 15 IU kg-1 (monkeys). The growth hormone was tolerated well
      in both rats and monkeys. No drug related deaths occurred and all animals
      appeared to be normal and also behaved normally throughout the dosing period.
      Increased body weight gain, increased food utilisation and increased organ
      weights were seen in the rats in the high and intermediate dose groups. The
      higher doses of human growth hormone (3.3 and 25 IU kg-1) caused a glandular
      hyperplasia of the mammary gland in male and female rats with evidence of
      secretory activity. In the female monkeys secretory activity was seen without any
      sign of mammary gland hyperplasia. Mucification of the vaginal epithelium and
      stress induced prostatitis was observed in the rats. Additional treatment related
      changes in the rats were an increased haematopoietic activity in the spleen and
      an increase in the amounts of calcium and phosphate excreted in urine. An
      increase in fasting plasma glucose levels was seen in the male monkeys on the
      high dose level. The changes observed during the treatment periods presumably
      represent exaggerated pharmacological effects of the growth hormone.

PMID- 3413037
TI  - Cardiovascular effects of the novel cardiotonic agent DPI 201-106 in the
      anaesthetized rat.
AB  - DPI 201-106 (4-[3-(4-diphenylmethyl-1-piperazinyl)-2-hydroxypropoxy]-1H-indole -2
      carbonitrile) was given intravenously to anaesthetized male rats. DPI caused an
      increase in left ventricular dP/dt (LV dP/dt), giving a significant increase at
      0.03 mumol/kg. At this dose DPI had no effect on either mean arterial pressure
      (MAP) or heart rate (HR). At higher doses, MAP decreased transiently. At 0.3 and
      1 mumol/kg, HR was decreased. The results indicate that DPI produces positive
      inotropic and negative chronotropic effects in the anaesthetized rat.

PMID- 3413038
TI  - Does hyperthermia decrease negative feedback in nigrostriatal dopaminergic
      neurons?

PMID- 3413039
TI  - The requirement for epimastigote attachment during division and metacyclogenesis
      in Trypanosoma congolense.
AB  - In cultures of tsetse proboscis stages during the development of Trypanosoma
      congolense, attached epimastigote forms multiply and give rise to free
      nondividing metacyclic trypanosomes. Prevention of attachment by shaking the
      cultures or by providing a polypropylene substratum does not inhibit epimastigote
      division but does prevent the differentiation of metacyclics. We conclude that
      epimastigote attachment forms a necessary part of the program of metacyclic
      development.

PMID- 3413040
TI  - Triton-labile antigens in flagella isolated from Giardia lamblia.
AB  - Sheared flagella from Giardia lamblia were freed from cytoskeleton fragments and
      other cell contaminants by centrifuging in a density gradient. The purified
      organelles contain many polypeptides, including a set of low-molecular-weight
      antigens [apparent molecular weights (MWs) = 31, 32, 34, 35 and 37 kD] in the
      same size range as the approximately 30 kD structural giardins of the
      cytoskeleton. However, on sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gels, the
      mobilities of individual flagellar polypeptides do not correspond exactly to the
      cytoskeleton bands, and, unlike the cytoskeleton proteins, the flagellar
      components are easily extracted by Triton demembranation. The pattern of
      flagellar isoforms after isoelectric focussing (IEF) and electrophoresis in two
      dimensions is also clearly different from that of the cytoskeleton proteins. The
      fact that at least some approximately 30 kD flagellar antigens are localised by
      immunofluorescence specifically in the two ventral flagella suggests that these
      proteins may be components of the paraflagellar structures found beneath the
      membrane of these organelles. In electron micrographs of the isolated flagella,
      the paraflagellar rods are seen to bridge the membrane to three adjacent doublet
      microtubules of the axoneme.

PMID- 3413041
TI  - Ultrastructural observations of microgametogenesis in Eimeria bakuensis (Syn. E.
      ovina) of sheep.
AB  - The ultrastructure of microgametogenesis of Eimeria bakuensis was studied in the
      intestinal epithelium of an experimentally infected sheep. During development the
      nuclei became situated peripherally in the microgamont. Nuclear chromatin
      condensed into peripheral, dense portions that became the nuclei of the
      microgametes. The young microgamont was surrounded by a very narrow
      parasitophorous vacuole which widened during development and contained a few
      intravacuolar folds. Fissures and invaginations developed in the microgamont at
      the time the flagella began to grow. Polysaccharide granules were not present in
      the early and intermediate microgamonts but increased in number during the later
      stages and remained in the residual cytoplasm of the mature stage.

PMID- 3413042
TI  - Diamphenethide--a reassessment of its pharmacological action.
AB  - At a concentration of 1 x 10(-4) M (28.84 micrograms/ml), with a solvent
      concentration of 1.0% (v/v) ethanol, the deacetylated (amine) metabolite of
      diamphenethide (DAMD) causes an initial stimulation of activity, followed by
      suppression, leading to a paralysis within 3 h. These changes are accompanied by
      an increase in muscle tone of more than 200 mg. However, ethanol alone at a
      concentration of 1.0% (v/v) causes an initial stimulation of activity and
      increase in muscle tone (approximately 550 mg). If the concentration of DAMD is
      kept at 1 x 10(-4) M (28.84 micrograms/ml) but the solvent concentration reduced
      [e.g., 0.05% (v/v) dimethyl sulphoxide], then only a suppression of motility and
      flaccid paralysis are observed. This response is also seen at the lower
      concentration of 10 micrograms/ml, which corresponds to the maximum blood levels
      of DAMD in vivo. The sodium ionophore monensin induces a suppression of motility,
      leading to a rapid flaccid paralysis (in approximately 1.5 h at 1 x 10(-7) M, and
      within a few minutes at higher concentrations). Ouabain, an inhibitor of Na+/K+
      ATPase activity, also causes a suppression of motility, but this is accompanied
      by an increase in muscle tone, leading to a spastic paralysis (in approximately
      2.5 h at 1 x 10(-3) M, and 3.5 h at 1 x 10(-4) M). Pretreatment with ouabain (1 x
      10(-3) M for 15 min) followed by monensin (1 x 10(-5) M) reverses the original
      effect of monensin by inducing a rapid spastic paralysis (in approximately 50
      min).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3413043
TI  - Early development of four Diphyllobothrium species in the final host.
AB  - The early development of four Diphyllobothrium species, D. latum, D. dendriticum,
      D. ditremum, and D. vogeli, are described. D. latum sheds the entire larval body
      easily and shows a high shedding rate of 82.1% on average. On the other hand, D.
      dendriticum exhibits a different developmental pattern, with a low shedding rate
      of 8.7% in the hamster and a high shedding rate of 34.9% in the rat. D. ditremum
      is difficult to recover from hamsters but shows a high shedding rate of 42.9%. D.
      vogeli shows a constant recovery rate of 38.3% without shedding. The species
      specificity of these four diphyllobothriids is discussed briefly in relation to
      the early developmental pattern and the growth rate.

PMID- 3413044
TI  - Comparison of the in vitro translation capacity of Taenia crassiceps metacestode
      mRNA prepared by the phenol and cesium chloride method.
AB  - Total RNA of T. crassiceps metacestodes harvested from male and female NMRI mice
      was prepared by both the phenol extraction technique and cesium chloride (CsCl)
      gradient centrifugation. mRNA was selected by oligo (dT)-cellulose affinity
      chromatography and used as the template for the in vitro translation of parasite
      polypeptides in a cell-free rabbit reticulocyte lysate. The template activity of
      the mRNA obtained after CsCl preparation was clearly higher, as shown by the
      amount of 35S-methionine incorporated into the translation products and by
      fluorographed SDS-PAGE of the synthesized labelled polypeptides. SDS-PAGE
      fluorographs of antigens encoded by the mRNA prepared by CsCl centrifugation and
      selected by immunoprecipitation using purified IgG antibodies of T. crassiceps
      infected mice (day 80 postinfection) exhibited seven labelled polypeptides of
      about 65, 46, 45, 42, 34, 29 kDa and a predominant 20-kDa antigen. The latter
      polypeptide was the only one recognized by the antibodies amongst the in vitro
      translation products directed by mRNA prepared by the phenol method.

PMID- 3413046
TI  - X-ray microanalysis of calcareous corpuscles and trace element content in
      diphyllobothriid cestodes.

PMID- 3413045
TI  - Spontaneous expulsion of Echinostoma hortense Asada, 1926
      (Trematoda:Echinostomatidae) in mice.

PMID- 3413048
TI  - Making waves: get involved in politics.

PMID- 3413047
TI  - AMA proposes new health care provider.

PMID- 3413049
TI  - Grassroots politics: being involved is putting your money (or time) where your
      mouth is.

PMID- 3413050
TI  - Let's celebrate nursing.

PMID- 3413051
TI  - A clinician's comments on current trends in psychopharmacology of schizophrenia.

PMID- 3413052
TI  - Lithium in manic-depressive illness: plusses, pitfalls, and perspectives.
AB  - Prophylactic lithium treatment of manic-depressive illness offers advantages to
      patient and family, to society, to the psychiatrist, and to research. The
      treatment must be administered in accordance with certain guidelines in order to
      provide maximal efficacy and minimal risk. Research on the mode of action of
      lithium and its prophylactic alternatives may serve to elucidate metabolic
      disturbances in the brains of manic-depressive patients. It might also one day
      reveal biological factors which govern mood, activity and mental speed. Could
      such knowledge be misused to manipulate mood, one's own or that of others?

PMID- 3413053
TI  - Changes in oral health after tympanic neurectomy.

PMID- 3413054
TI  - Caries development in children in relation to the levels of salivary lactobacilli
      in their mothers.

PMID- 3413055
TI  - Factors influencing the recurrence of erythema multiforme.

PMID- 3413056
TI  - Preventive dentistry in private practice in Finland.

PMID- 3413057
TI  - Denture and oral brush for elderly people.

PMID- 3413058
TI  - Periodontal ligament (PDL) anaesthesia. The effect of anaesthetics on total
      protein and collagen synthesis by PDL fibroblasts.

PMID- 3413059
TI  - Total chemical synthesis of a 77-nucleotide-long RNA sequence having methionine
      acceptance activity.
AB  - Chemical synthesis is described of a 77-nucleotide-long RNA molecule that has the
      sequence of an Escherichia coli Ado-47-containing tRNA(fMet) species in which the
      modified nucleosides have been substituted by their unmodified parent
      nucleosides. The sequence was assembled on a solid-phase, controlled-pore glass
      support in a stepwise manner with an automated DNA synthesizer. The
      ribonucleotide building blocks used were fully protected 5'-monomethoxytrityl-2'
      silyl-3'-N,N-diisopropylaminophosphoram idites. p-Nitro-phenylethyl groups were
      used to protect the O6 of guanine residues. The fully deprotected tRNA analogue
      was characterized by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sizing), terminal
      nucleotide analysis, sequencing, and total enzyme degradation, all of which
      indicated that the sequence was correct and contained only 3-5 linkages. The 77
      mer was then assayed for amino acid acceptor activity by using E. coli methionyl
      tRNA synthetase. The results indicated that the synthetic product, lacking
      modified bases, is a substrate for the enzyme and has an amino acid acceptance
      11% of that of the major native species, tRNA(fMet) containing 7-methylguanosine
      at position 47.

PMID- 3413060
TI  - Isolation and nucleotide sequence of the cDNA for rat liver serine dehydratase
      mRNA and structures of the 5' and 3' flanking regions of the serine dehydratase
      gene.
AB  - Rat serine dehydratase cDNA clones were isolated from a lambda gt11 cDNA library
      on the basis of their reactivity with monospecific immunoglobulin to the purified
      enzyme. Using the cDNA insert from a clone that encoded the serine dehydratase
      subunit as a probe, additional clones were isolated from the same library by
      plaque hybridization. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the largest clone obtained
      showed that it has 1444 base pairs with an open reading frame consisting of 1089
      base pairs. The deduced amino acid sequence contained sequences of several
      portions of the serine dehydratase protein, as determined by Edman degradation.
      Rat liver serine dehydratase mRNA virtually disappeared from livers of rats fed a
      protein-free diet for 5 days. Several genomic clones were isolated from two
      libraries. Determinations of the transcription start site and the structure of
      the 3' flanking region of the gene indicated that the coded mRNA is 1504
      nucleotides long. The 5' promoter region contained a variety of sequences similar
      to several consensus sequences believed to be important for the regulation of
      specific gene expression.

PMID- 3413061
TI  - A repressor heterodimer binds to a chimeric operator.
AB  - Replacement of the solvent-exposed residues of the DNA recognition helix of the
      434 repressor with the corresponding residues of the P22 repressor generates a
      hybrid protein, 434R[alpha 3(P22R)], which binds specifically to P22 operators.
      We show here that a new DNA-binding specificity is generated by combining 434 and
      434R[alpha 3(P22R)] repressor monomers to form a heterodimer. The heterodimer
      specifically recognizes a chimeric P22/434 operator that lacks two-fold
      rotational symmetry.

PMID- 3413062
TI  - A DNA-binding factor specific for xenobiotic responsive elements of P-450c gene
      exists as a cryptic form in cytoplasm: its possible translocation to nucleus.
AB  - Transcription of the drug-metabolizing cytochrome P-450c gene is induced by 3
      methylcholanthrene or 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Previously, we
      defined two xenobiotic responsive elements (XREs) of approximately equal to 15
      base pairs, both of which activate transcription in cis in response to these
      xenobiotics. Using a gel mobility shift assay, we have identified a factor that
      specifically binds to the XREs. This factor appears in nuclei of mouse hepatoma
      cell line Hepa-1 only when the cells are treated with the xenobiotics, while the
      factor is undetectable in the nuclei of a 3-methylcholanthrene-treated mutant of
      Hepa-1 with defective function of a xenobiotic receptor. In addition, the nuclear
      factor bound to the XRE in the gel was found to be associated with [3H]TCDD when
      the cells were treated with it, suggesting that the xenobiotic receptor is at
      least a component of the DNA-binding factor. The cytoplasmic fraction from
      nontreated Hepa-1 cells also contains the factor as a cryptic form and
      prominently reveals its DNA-binding activity by incubation with 3
      methylcholanthrene in vitro. These results not only suggest the involvement of
      the XRE-binding factor in transcriptional activation via XREs but also provide
      evidence that the binding of ligands to the preexisting factor in a cryptic form
      induces its XRE-binding activity, which is probably followed by its translocation
      from cytoplasm to nucleus.

PMID- 3413064
TI  - Protein dynamics and reaction rates: mode-specific chemistry in large molecules?
AB  - Reactive events in proteins may be strongly coupled to a few specific modes of
      protein motion or they may couple nonspecifically to the dense continuum of
      protein and solvent modes. We summarize the evidence that at least some
      biologically important reactions can be described in terms of a few specific
      modes, and we propose experiments to quantify the strength of coupling to the
      continuum. We also show that large entropic effects--solvent ordering, for
      example--can be rigorously incorporated in few-mode models without losing mode
      specificity. Within our description, the dynamics that determine chemical
      reaction rates can be summarized by a small number of parameters directly related
      to spectroscopic and thermodynamic data. Mode specificity allows protein dynamics
      to contribute directly to the control and specificity of biochemical reaction
      rates.

PMID- 3413065
TI  - Statistical geometry in sequence space: a method of quantitative comparative
      sequence analysis.
AB  - A statistical method of comparative sequence analysis that combines horizontal
      and vertical correlations among aligned sequences is introduced. It is based on
      the analysis mainly of quartet combinations of sequences considered as geometric
      configurations in sequence space. Numerical invariants related to relative
      internal segment lengths are assigned to each such configuration and statistical
      averages of these invariants are established. They are used for internal
      calibration of the topology of divergence and for quantitative determination of
      the noise level. Comparison of computer simulations with experimental data
      reveals the high sensitivity of assignment of basic topologies even if much
      randomized. In addition, these procedures are checked by vertical analysis of the
      aligned sequences to allow the study of divergences with positionally varying
      substitution probabilities.

PMID- 3413063
TI  - Sequences contained within the promoter of the human thymidine kinase gene can
      direct cell-cycle regulation of heterologous fusion genes.
AB  - Recent evidence on the transcriptional regulation of the human thymidine kinase
      (TK) gene raises the possibility that cell-cycle regulatory sequences may be
      localized within its promoter. A hybrid gene that combines the TK 5' flanking
      sequence and the coding region of the bacterial neomycin-resistance gene (neo)
      has been constructed. Upon transfection into a hamster fibroblast cell line K12,
      the hybrid gene exhibits cell-cycle-dependent expression. Deletion analysis
      reveals that the region important for cell-cycle regulation is within -441 to -63
      nucleotides from the transcriptional initiation site. This region (-441 to -63)
      also confers cell-cycle regulation to the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase
      (HSVtk) promoter, which is not expressed in a cell-cycle manner. We conclude that
      the -441 to -63 sequence within the human TK promoter is important for cell-cycle
      dependent expression.

PMID- 3413066
TI  - Chemical oscillations in closed macromolecular systems.
AB  - A cycle of irreversible, first-order, autocatalytic reactions among different
      states of a polyfunctional macromolecule, subject to the conservation of mass,
      can display stable chemical oscillations. This introduces a class of nonlinear
      dynamic models for energy transduction in closed macromolecular systems.

PMID- 3413067
TI  - Characterization of a benzyladenine binding-site peptide isolated from a wheat
      cytokinin-binding protein: sequence analysis and identification of a single
      affinity-labeled histidine residue by mass spectrometry.
AB  - A wheat embryo cytokinin-binding protein was covalently modified with the
      radiolabeled photoaffinity ligand 2-azido-N6-[14C]benzyladenine. A single labeled
      peptide was obtained after proteolytic digestion and isolation by reversed-phase
      and anion-exchange HPLC. Sequencing by classical Edman degradation identified 11
      of the 12 residues but failed to identify the labeled amino acid. Analysis by
      laser photodissociation Fourier-transform mass spectrometry of 10 pmol of the
      peptide independently confirmed the Edman data and also demonstrated that the
      histidine residue nearest the C terminus (underlined) was modified by the reagent
      in the sequence Ala-Phe-Leu-Gln-Pro-Ser-His-His-Asp-Ala-Asp-Glu.

PMID- 3413068
TI  - Selective stabilization of microtubules oriented toward the direction of cell
      migration.
AB  - A small subset of the microtubule (MT) array in many cultured cells does not
      exhibit the rapid turnover (t 1/2 approximately equal to 10 min) shown by most
      cellular MTs. The function of the stable class of MTs is unknown and has been
      confounded by the apparent lack of organization of stable MTs within cells. Using
      an antibody against detyrosinated tubulin, a post-translationally modified form
      of tubulin that accumulates in stable MTs, we localized the stable MTs in mouse
      3T3 cells induced to initiate directional migration by experimental wounding of
      confluent monolayers. Immediately after monolayer wounding, the distribution of
      stable MTs in cells at the wound edge resembled that in cells in the monolayer
      interior; most cells either contained randomly distributed stable MTs or lacked
      them entirely. However, by 20 min after wounding, cells at the wound margin began
      to generate an asymmetric MT array, with virtually all stable MTs oriented toward
      the cell edge in contact with the wound. Two hours after monolayer wounding,
      greater than or equal to 80% of cells at the wound margin had generated this
      polarized array of stable MTs, and the array was maintained for at least 12 hr.
      MTs in the polarized array showed enhanced resistance to depolymerization by
      nocodazole, thus providing an independent test of their stability. Formation of
      the polar array of stable MTs appeared to precede onset of cell migration and
      closely paralleled reorientation of the MT-organizing center. These results show
      that cultured cells can remodel their MT array rapidly in response to an
      extracellular signal and suggest that selective stabilization of MTs is an early
      event in the generation of cellular asymmetry.

PMID- 3413069
TI  - Cleavage furrow isolated from newt eggs: contraction, organization of the actin
      filaments, and protein components of the furrow.
AB  - The cleavage-furrow region was isolated surgically from newt eggs at the early
      stage of the first cleavage. The isolated furrow contracted in the presence of
      ATP at a Ca2+ concentration of 10 or 100 nM, although the speed was less than
      that of the furrow in vivo. Cytochalasin B, cytochalasin D, phalloidin, p
      chloromercuribenzoate, and N-ethyl-maleimide interfered with the contraction, but
      colchicine did not. The furrow contained bundles of actin filaments of opposite
      polarities oriented parallel to the long axis of the furrow; these bundles may be
      the main component of the contractile arc. From electron microscopic observation
      of thin sections of the furrow, it was suggested that the actin bundles of the
      contractile arc were organized from preexisting cortical filaments that were
      connected to the plasma membrane by granular materials at their barbed ends.
      Contractile-arc actin filaments were revealed to be crosslinked by thin strands
      by the rapid freezing/deep etching-replication technique. Two-dimensional
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that several proteins found in the
      furrow cortex are absent from the cortical layer before the cleavage furrow is
      formed.

PMID- 3413070
TI  - An erythrocyte-specific DNA-binding factor recognizes a regulatory sequence
      common to all chicken globin genes.
AB  - We have identified a protein present only in erythroid cells that binds to two
      adjacent sites within an enhancer region of the chicken beta-globin locus.
      Mutation of the sites, so that binding by the factor can no longer be detected in
      vitro, leads to a loss of enhancing ability, assayed by transient expression in
      primary erythrocytes. Binding sites for the erythroid-specific factor (Eryf1) are
      found within regulatory regions for all chicken globin genes. A strong Eryf1
      binding site is also present within the enhancer of at least one human globin
      gene, and proteins from human erythroid cells (but not HeLa cells) bind to both
      the chicken and the human sites.

PMID- 3413071
TI  - Biparental defensive endowment of eggs with acquired plant alkaloid in the moth
      Utetheisa ornatrix.
AB  - The eggs of Utetheisa ornatrix contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids. These compounds
      are contributed by both parents, who sequester them as larvae from their food
      plants. Females receive alkaloid from the males at mating, apparently by seminal
      infusion, and transmit this alkaloid together with alkaloid of their own to the
      eggs. Field and laboratory tests showed that the alkaloids protect eggs from
      predators. The alkaloidal contribution of the male, although smaller than that of
      the female, itself provides significant egg protection. A previously identified
      pheromone, derived by the male from the alkaloid and emitted during precopulatory
      behavior, may announce the male alkaloidal worth to the female.

PMID- 3413072
TI  - Western equine encephalitis virus is a recombinant virus.
AB  - The alphaviruses are a group of 26 mosquito-borne viruses that cause a variety of
      human diseases. Many of the New World alphaviruses cause encephalitis, whereas
      the Old World viruses more typically cause fever, rash, and arthralgia. The
      genome is a single-stranded nonsegmented RNA molecule of + polarity; it is about
      11,700 nucleotides in length. Several alphavirus genomes have been sequenced in
      whole or in part, and these sequences demonstrate that alpha-viruses have
      descended from a common ancestor by divergent evolution. We have now obtained the
      sequence of the 3'-terminal 4288 nucleotides of the RNA of the New World
      Alphavirus western equine encephalitis virus (WEEV). Comparisons of the
      nucleotide and amino acid sequences of WEEV with those of other alphaviruses
      clearly show that WEEV is recombinant. The sequences of the capsid protein and of
      the (untranslated) 3'-terminal 80 nucleotides of WEEV are closely related to the
      corresponding sequences of the New World Alphavirus eastern equine encephalitis
      virus (EEEV), whereas the sequences of glycoproteins E2 and E1 of WEEV are more
      closely related to those of an Old World virus, Sindbis virus. Thus, WEEV appears
      to have arisen by recombination between an EEEV-like virus and a Sindbis-like
      virus to give rise to a new virus with the encephalogenic properties of EEEV but
      the antigenic specificity of Sindbis virus. There has been speculation that
      recombination might play an important role in the evolution of RNA viruses. The
      current finding that a widespread and successful RNA virus is recombinant
      provides support for such an hypothesis.

PMID- 3413073
TI  - Molecular mechanism of retinoblastoma gene inactivation in retinoblastoma cell
      line Y79.
AB  - Formation of retinoblastoma, a cancer arising in the retinas of young children,
      is determined by mutational inactivation of an autosomal gene (RB), which has
      been molecularly cloned. Whereas all normal tissues and many tumor cells express
      an RB mRNA of 4.7 kilobases, six of six retinoblastomas were previously found
      either to lack RB gene expression or to have RB transcripts of abnormal (reduced)
      length. To further characterize the latter type of mutation, we chose to examine
      retinoblastoma cell line Y79, which expressed a shortened RB mRNA of about 4.0
      kilobases. RB cDNA clones isolated from a library constructed with Y79 mRNA
      demonstrated an internal loss of 470 nucleotides near the 5' end, which
      corresponded to a deletion of exons 2-6. Genomic clones containing the deletion
      junction were isolated from a library made with Y79 DNA, which allowed precise
      localization and sequencing of deletion endpoints in introns 1 and 6. These
      regions had no apparent homology to each other or to the Alu family of repetitive
      sequences, implying that the deletion must have occurred by a mechanism other
      than recombination of homologous sequences. Deletion of exons 2-6 would interrupt
      the open reading frame in RB mRNA and would result in premature termination of
      translation. Since no normal RB protein was detected by immunoprecipitation with
      specific antibody, the other, apparently normal RB allele in Y79 cells was
      necessarily inactivated by a different mutation.

PMID- 3413074
TI  - Genetic analysis of indefinite division in human cells: identification of four
      complementation groups.
AB  - Hybrids obtained following fusion of normal human diploid fibroblasts with
      different immortal human cell lines exhibited limited division potential. This
      led to the conclusion that the phenotype of cellular senescence is dominant and
      that immortal cells arise as a result of recessive changes in the growth control
      mechanisms of the normal cell. We have exploited the fact that immortality is
      recessive and, by fusing immortal human cell lines with each other, assigned 21
      cell lines to at least four complementation groups for indefinite division. A
      wide variety of cell lines was included in the study to determine what
      parameters, if any, would affect complementation group assignment. The results
      indicate that cell type, embryonal layer of origin, and type of tumor do not
      affect group assignment. There does not appear to be any correlation between
      expression of an activated oncogene and group assignment. However, all of the
      immortal simian virus 40-transformed cell lines studied (with the exception of
      one xerodermapigmentosum fibroblast-derived line) assign to the same group,
      indicating that this virus immortalizes various human cells by the same
      processes. The assignment of immortal human cells to distinct groups provides the
      basis for a focused approach to determine the genes important in normal growth
      regulation that have been modified in immortal cells.

PMID- 3413075
TI  - RED1: a yeast gene required for the segregation of chromosomes during the
      reductional division of meiosis.
AB  - A mutation at the RED1 locus was identified in a search for sporulation
      proficient, meiotic-lethal yeast mutants. The few viable spores produced in the
      red1-1 mutant are highly aneuploid, suggesting that the spore lethality results
      from a high frequency of chromosome nondisjunction. Disomic spores produced by
      the red1-1 mutant contain nonsister chromatids and the red1-1 spore inviability
      phenotype is alleviated in red1-1 spo13 double mutants; these results indicate
      that nondisjunction occurs at the first meiotic division. The red1-1 mutant is
      recombination-proficient. The RED1 gene was cloned by complementation of the
      meiotic lethal phenotype; strains carrying a disruption of the gene are
      mitotically viable. We propose that the RED1 gene product is involved in meiosis
      I chromosome disjunction, perhaps by maintaining the connections between
      homologous chromosomes through metaphase I.

PMID- 3413076
TI  - Expression of the human beta-globin gene following retroviral-mediated transfer
      into multipotential hematopoietic progenitors of mice.
AB  - Efficient transfer of the beta-globin gene into primitive hematopoietic
      progenitors was achieved with consistent and significant expression in the
      progeny of those cells. Retroviral vectors containing the intact genomic human
      beta-globin gene and the neomycin (G418)-resistance (neoR) gene were constructed.
      These gave titers of 10(6) or more neoR colony-forming units/ml when packaged in
      psi 2 cells. Mouse bone marrow cells were infected by coculture with producer
      cells and injected into lethally irradiated animals. Several parameters were
      varied to enhance infection frequency of colony-forming units, spleen (CFU-S);
      overall 41% of 116 foci studied contained an intact proviral genome. The human
      beta-globin gene was expressed in 31 of 35 CFU-S-derived spleen colonies that
      contained the intact vector genome at levels ranging from 1% to 5% of that of the
      mouse beta-globin genes. Infected bone marrow cells were also injected into
      genetically anemic W/Wv recipients without prior irradiation. Human beta-globin
      chains were detected in circulating erythrocytes by immunofluorescent staining
      with a specific monoclonal antibody. All animals injected with donor cells that
      had been cultured in G418 (1 mg/ml) for 48 hr after retroviral infection had
      circulating erythrocytes containing human beta-globin chains between 3 and 8
      weeks after transplantation.

PMID- 3413077
TI  - Anti-idiotypic antibodies that react with microtubule-associated proteins are
      present in the sera of rabbits immunized with synthetic peptides from tubulin's
      regulatory domain.
AB  - A fundamental question in microtubule research is how the interactions of tubulin
      subunits with microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) are controlled. The answer
      should provide insight into the regulation of the cellular processes in which
      microtubules are implicated. Previous work demonstrated the interaction of MAPs
      with a 4-kDa C-terminal domain of tubulin alpha and beta subunits. Synthetic
      peptides from the variable region of the 4-kDa C-terminal moiety of tubulin
      subunits, alpha-(430-441) and beta-(422-434), bind to MAP-2 and to the MAP tau,
      and a preferential interaction of the beta peptide is observed. To define the
      regulatory significance of the substructure of the C-terminal tubulin domain, we
      produced rabbit antisera against these MAP-interacting peptides. We found that
      these antisera contained not only antibodies to the original synthetic peptides
      but also antibodies to MAPs. Here, we report that these antibodies, which react
      with MAP-1, MAP-2, and tau, appear to be a population of anti-idiotypic
      antibodies directed to the anti-peptide antibodies. They can inhibit MAP-induced
      tubulin assembly into microtubules in vitro, and the addition of MAPs overcomes
      the inhibition. The recognition by these anti-idiotypic antibodies of the tubulin
      binding domain on MAPs provides unequivocal evidence that the tubulin region
      defined by the synthetic peptides is directly involved in the interaction with
      MAPs.

PMID- 3413078
TI  - Sequence and organization of the diversity, joining, and constant region genes of
      the human T-cell delta-chain locus.
AB  - In this paper we describe the genomic organization and sequence of the human T
      cell receptor delta-chain diversity, joining, and constant genes. There is one
      delta-chain constant region gene (C delta) located approximately equal to 85
      kilobases (kb) upstream of the alpha-chain constant region. The delta-chain
      constant region consists of four exons, whose organization is very similar to
      that of the C alpha exons, suggesting that C alpha and C delta may have arisen
      from a gene duplication event. The first exon encodes most of the extracellular
      constant domain, the second encodes a hinge-like region, and the third encodes
      the entire transmembrane segment and intracytoplasmic portion, whereas the last
      exon contains exclusively 3' untranslated sequences. Three joining segments, J
      delta 1, J delta 2, and J delta 3, are found approximately equal to 12,
      approximately equal to 5.7, and approximately equal to 3.4 kb upstream of the
      first exon of C delta. Two functional diversity gene segments, D delta 1 and D
      delta 2, which can be productively translated in all three reading frames, are
      found 1 and 9.6 kb upstream of J delta 1. The presence of two D delta with such
      potential for diversity may offset the limited repertoire of the J delta and V
      delta genes. The spacer distribution in the recombinational signals flanking D
      delta and J delta segments allows recombination with V alpha gene segments;
      however, examination of delta-chain messages does not indicate that this is the
      case, suggesting that the delta chain uses unique variable gene segments and
      raising the question as to the reasons for this phenomenon.

PMID- 3413080
TI  - LR16, a compound with potent effects on the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin, on
      blood cholesterol, and on low density lipoprotein.
AB  - 2-[4-(3,4-Dichlorophenylureido)phenoxy]-2-methylpropionic acid, LR16, combines
      with two symmetrically related sites in the central cavity of deoxyhemoglobin, 20
      A away from the binding site of 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate, and acts as an
      allosteric effector synergistic with 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate. LR16 (1 mM) raises
      P50, the partial pressure of oxygen needed to achieve half-saturation with oxygen
      of a hemolysate of human hemoglobin, about 50 times more strongly than 1 mM 2,3
      bisphosphoglycerate. Oral administration of LR16 (at small doses that produced no
      ill effects) to rats that were fed a diet rich in cholesterol caused substantial
      reductions of total serum cholesterol and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol,
      while high density lipoprotein-cholesterol remained unchanged.

PMID- 3413081
TI  - Unusual lipid structures selectively reduce the toxicity of amphotericin B.
AB  - Ribbon-like structures result when amphotericin B interacts with lipid in an
      aqueous environment. At high ratios of amphotericin to lipid these structures,
      which are lipid-stabilized amphotericin aggregates, become prevalent resulting in
      a dramatic attenuation of amphotericin-mediated mammalian cell, but not fungal
      cell, toxicity. Studies utilizing freeze-etch electron microscopy, differential
      scanning calorimetry, 31P NMR, x-ray diffraction, and optical spectroscopy
      revealed that this toxicity attenuation is related to the macromolecular
      structure of the complexes in a definable fashion. It is likely that amphotericin
      in this specific form will have a much improved therapeutic utility.

PMID- 3413079
TI  - Induction of macrophage antitumor activity by acetylated low density lipoprotein
      containing lipophilic muramyl tripeptide.
AB  - A method has been developed for the selective delivery of lipophilic
      immunomodulators to macrophages, which results in the induction of antitumor
      activity. This method utilizes exhaustively acetylated low density lipoprotein
      (acetyl-LDL) to deliver the lipophilic immunomodulator, muramyl tripeptide
      phosphatidylethanolamine (MTP-PtdEtn; amide composed of N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl
      D-isoglutamyl-L-alanine and dipalmitoyl phosphatidylethanolamine) to macrophages
      (M phi) by means of a scavenger lipoprotein receptor pathway. The binding of
      acetyl-LDL:MTP-PtdEtn to M phi showed specificity since minimal competition was
      observed in the presence of excess native LDL or phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol
      liposomes. Additional binding studies showed that acetyl-LDL may serve as a
      suitable delivery vehicle to a wide variety of M phi in different stages of
      activation. Cytostatic and tumoricidal activities by thioglycolate-elicited M phi
      against two tumor cell lines were examined in vitro following incubation with the
      acetyl-LDL:MTP-PtdEtn complex. Cytostatic activity against B16F10 melanoma cells
      was induced after the incubation of thioglycolate-elicited M phi with a minimum
      of 25 micrograms of acetyl-LDL protein containing 2.5 micrograms of bound MTP
      PtdEtn (approximately equal to 40 molecules per particle of acetyl-LDL). The
      induction of cytostasis was not affected by liposome bilayers, which were also
      endocytosed by the M phi. In addition, tumoricidal activity against P815
      mastocytoma cells was demonstrated at a 40:1 effector-to-target ratio using 18
      micrograms of the acetyl-LDL:MTP-PtdEtn complex containing 3.6 micrograms of MTP
      PtdEtn (approximately equal to 80 molecules per particle). These studies describe
      a method for the induction of antitumor activity by use of a chemically modified
      serum component, acetyl-LDL, to direct lipophilic immunomodulators to M phi.

PMID- 3413082
TI  - Anemia lessens and its prevention with recombinant human erythropoietin worsens
      glomerular injury and hypertension in rats with reduced renal mass.
AB  - Chronic renal disease is frequently characterized by anemia, which may modify
      systemic and renal hemodynamics. In adult Munich-Wistar rats, the mild anemia
      (hematocrit, approximately equal to 42 vol/dl) that accompanies five-sixths
      nephrectomy was either made more severe (approximately equal to 30 vol/dl) by
      feeding a low iron diet or prevented (approximately equal to 50 vol/dl) by
      administration of recombinant human erythropoietin (r-HuEpo). In functional
      studies performed 4 weeks after renal ablation, untreated rats exhibited mild
      anemia with systemic hypertension and elevation of the single nephron glomerular
      filtration rate due to glomerular capillary hyperperfusion and hypertension.
      Preventing anemia with r-HuEpo worsened systemic and glomerular hypertension,
      effects largely obviated by induction of more marked anemia with the low iron
      diet. Untreated rats followed for 6 weeks postablation exhibited progressive
      proteinuria and sclerosis involving 12% of glomeruli, contrasted with 33% in rats
      given r-HuEpo. Even after 12 weeks, sclerosis involved only 6% of glomeruli in
      rats with more severe anemia but progressed to 30% in untreated rats. Thus,
      anemia limits systemic and glomerular hypertension and glomerular injury, whereas
      its prevention by r-HuEpo severely accelerates hemodynamically mediated
      glomerular injury in this model. These results suggest that anemia is a
      hemodynamically favorable adaptation to chronic renal disease and that its overly
      vigorous correction may have adverse renal hemodynamic and structural
      consequences.

PMID- 3413083
TI  - Functional reconstitution of the canalicular bile salt transport system of rat
      liver.
AB  - Recent studies have suggested that the canalicular bile salt transport system of
      rat liver corresponds to a 100-kDa membrane glycoprotein. In the present study we
      attempted to functionally reconstitute the 100-kDa protein into artificial
      proteoliposomes. Canalicular membrane proteins were solubilized with octyl
      glucoside in the presence of asolectin phospholipids. The extracts were treated
      with preimmune serum or the 100-kDa protein selectively immunoprecipitated with a
      polyclonal antiserum. Proteins remaining in the supernatant were then
      incorporated into proteoliposomes by gel-filtration chromatography. Canalicular
      proteoliposomes containing the 100-kDa protein exhibited transstimulatable
      taurocholate uptake that could be inhibited by 4,4'-diisothiocyanato-2,2'
      stilbenedisulfonic acid (DIDS). In contrast, no DIDS-sensitive transstimulatable
      taurocholate uptake was found in 100-kDa protein-free canalicular
      proteoliposomes. However, when the immunoprecipitated 100-kDa protein was
      dissociated from the antibodies and exclusively incorporated into liposomes,
      reconstitution of DIDS-sensitive transstimulatable and electrogenic taurocholate
      anion transport was again positive. Although incorporation of solubilized
      basolateral membrane proteins into liposomes also resulted in a prompt
      reconstitution of Na+ gradient-driven taurocholate uptake, the anti-100-kDa
      antibodies had no effects on the reconstituted transport activity of basolateral
      proteins. Thus, the findings establish that the previously characterized
      canalicular-specific 100-kDa protein is directly involved in the transcanalicular
      secretion of bile salts.

PMID- 3413084
TI  - Many pulmonary pathogenic bacteria bind specifically to the carbohydrate sequence
      GalNAc beta 1-4Gal found in some glycolipids.
AB  - Pneumonia is one of the most common causes of death from infectious disease in
      the United States. To examine the possible role of carbohydrates as adhesion
      receptors for infection, several pulmonary pathogenic bacteria were studied for
      binding to glycosphingolipids. Radiolabeled bacteria were layered on thin-layer
      chromatograms of separated glycosphingolipids, and bound bacteria were detected
      by autoradiography. The classic triad of infectious bacteria found in cystic
      fibrosis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Haemophilus influenzae, and Staphylococcus
      aureus, along with other bacteria commonly implicated in typical pneumonia, such
      as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and certain Escherichia coli,
      bind specifically to fucosylasialo-GM1 (Fuc alpha 1-2Gal beta 1-3GalNAc beta 1
      4Gal beta 1-4Cer), asialo-GM1 (Gal beta 1-3GalNAc beta 1-4Gal beta-1-4Galc beta 1
      1Cer), and asialo-GM2 (GalNAc beta 1-4Gal beta 1-4Glc beta 1-1Cer). Bacteria
      maintained in nutrient medium bind better than the same cells suspended in
      buffer. They do not bind to galactosylceramide, glucosylceramide,
      lactosylceramide, trihexosylceramide, globoside, paragloboside, Forssman
      glycosphingolipid, or several other glycosphingolipids tested, including the
      gangliosides GM1, GM2, GM3, GD1a, GD1b, GT1b, and Cad. The finding that these
      pathogens do not bind to lactosylceramide suggests that beta 1-4-linked GalNAc,
      which is positioned internally in fucosylasialo-GM1 and asialo-GM1 and terminally
      in asialo-GM2, is required for binding. beta-N-Acetylgalactosamine itself,
      however, is not sufficient for binding, as the bacteria did not bind to
      globoside, which contains the terminal sequence GalNAc beta 1-3Gal. These data
      suggest that these bacteria require at least terminal or internal GalNAc beta 1
      4Gal sequences unsubstituted with sialyl residues for binding. Other bacteria,
      including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Salmonella species, and
      some E. coli, do not bind to the GalNAc beta 1-4Gal sequence. The biological
      relevance of these data is suggested by our finding that substantial amounts of
      asialo-GM1 occur in human lung tissue.

PMID- 3413085
TI  - Differentiation of bipotential glial precursors into oligodendrocytes is promoted
      by interaction with type-1 astrocytes in cerebellar cultures.
AB  - The differentiation of bipotential precursors of oligodendrocytes (OL) and type-2
      astrocytes (AS) was followed in primary cultures from 8-day postnatal rat
      cerebellum by labeling the cells with the antibodies LB1 (which binds to the
      surface disialoganglioside GD3 present in glial precursors, type-2 AS, and
      immature OL), O4 (a marker of immature and mature OL binding to surface
      sulfatide), anti-galactocerebroside (GalCer, a marker of OL), and anti-glial
      fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP, a marker of AS). Two hours after plating, hardly
      any LB1+, GFAP+ cells were detectable, 40% of the O4+ cells were GalCer+, and
      none of the O4+ cells were GFAP+. Upon culturing cells plated at a density of 1 x
      10(5) cells per cm2 in the presence of fetal calf serum, most of the LB1+
      precursors differentiated into type-2 AS, even if most of them had already
      expressed the O4 antigen. Thus, in culture, most type-2 AS seem to derive from
      progenitor cells that were differentiating in vivo into OL. In higher density
      cultures (2.5 x 10(5) cells per cm2), however, many precursors differentiated
      into GalCer+ OL, rather than into AS. As a possible source of the signals
      responsible for the behavior of the glial precursors in high-density cultures, we
      focused our attention on type-1 AS, the most abundant cell type in the cultures.
      We found that, in low-density cultures maintained for 5-7 days in a medium
      conditioned by type-1 AS, the proliferation of the precursors was enhanced and
      their differentiation into OL or AS was prevented. In contrast, when cerebellar
      cells were coplated with type-1 AS dissociated from purified cultures, not only
      did the precursors proliferate more than in control cultures, but also a larger
      proportion of them differentiated into GalCer+ OL. In conclusion, type-1 AS
      appear to facilitate the differentiation of bipotential glial precursors into OL
      through direct cell-cell interactions. The influence of type-1 AS on the
      differentiation of the LB1+ and O4+ precursors is supported also by experiments
      with glial cortical cultures.

PMID- 3413086
TI  - Structure and action of buccalin: a modulatory neuropeptide localized to an
      identified small cardioactive peptide-containing cholinergic motor neuron of
      Aplysia californica.
AB  - A model system that consists of a muscle utilized in biting, the accessory radula
      closer (ARC), and the two cholinergic motor neurons innervating this muscle,
      neurons B15 and B16, has been used to study the expression of food-induced
      arousal in the marine mollusk Aplysia. The ARC muscle receives modulatory input
      from an extrinsic source, the serotonergic metacerebral cells, which partially
      accounts for the progressive increase in the strength of biting seen in aroused
      animals. Another source of modulation may arise from the ARC motor neurons
      themselves, which synthesize neuropeptides that can potentiate ARC contractions.
      Neuron B15 synthesizes the two homologous peptides, small cardioactive peptides A
      and B, whereas neuron B16 synthesizes the structurally unrelated peptide
      myomodulin. Here we report the purification and sequencing of a neuropeptide
      termed buccalin and show that it is colocalized with the small cardioactive
      peptides to neuron B15. Buccalin is also bioactive at the ARC neuromuscular
      junction but, in contrast to the small cardioactive peptides, when exogenously
      applied, it decreases rather than increases the size of muscle contractions
      elicited by firing of the motor neurons. Also unlike the small cardioactive
      peptides, which exert postsynaptic actions, buccalin seems to act only
      presynaptically. It has no effect on muscle relaxation rate and decreases motor
      neuron-elicited excitatory junction potentials in the ARC without affecting
      contractions produced by direct application of acetylcholine to the muscle.
      Neuron B15, therefore, appears to contain three modulatory neurotransmitters, two
      of which may act postsynaptically on the muscle to potentiate the action of the
      primary neurotransmitter acetylcholine and one of which may act presynaptically
      on nerve terminals to inhibit acetylcholine release.

PMID- 3413087
TI  - Cholinergic amacrine cells of the rabbit retina contain glutamate decarboxylase
      and gamma-aminobutyrate immunoreactivity.
AB  - The transmitters acetylcholine and gamma-aminobutyrate (GABA) play critical roles
      in the formation of receptive-field properties of retinal ganglion cells. In
      rabbit retina, cholinergic amacrine and displaced amacrine cells were identified
      by immunohistochemical staining for the enzyme choline acetyltransferase and by
      their avid accumulation of the fluorescent dye 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole.
      Several GABA-immunoreactive and glutamate decarboxylase-immunoreactive cell
      types, including a prominent population of small, round amacrine and displaced
      amacrine cells, were also identified. Double-label experiments demonstrated that
      all amacrine and displaced amacrine cells that prominently accumulate 4',6
      diamidino-2-phenylindole contain GABA and glutamate decarboxylase
      immunoreactivity. However, not all GABA-immunoreactive cells accumulate this dye.
      Quantitative analysis of the ganglion cell layer of whole mount preparations of
      the retina showed that choline acetyltransferase-immunoreactive cells and the
      majority of GABA-immunoreactive cells have a small, round shape and similar cell
      density profiles that parallel that of displaced amacrine cells. These studies
      establish that cholinergic cells are a major subpopulation of GABA-immunoreactive
      amacrine and displaced amacrine cells. The role these cells have in the formation
      of ganglion cell receptive-field properties may be parsimoniously explained by an
      excitatory postsynaptic action mediated by acetylcholine and an inhibitory
      presynaptic action mediated by GABA.

PMID- 3413088
TI  - Transsynaptic impulse activity regulates postsynaptic density molecules in
      developing and adult rat superior cervical ganglion.
AB  - Ganglionic postsynaptic density protein (PSDp) was used to monitor the influence
      of transsynaptic impulse activity on synaptic structure in the developing and
      adult rat superior cervical sympathetic ganglion (SCG). Since transsynaptic
      activity is known to regulate ontogeny of postsynaptic transmitter enzymes, we
      initially studied the developing ganglion. Denervation in neonates prevented
      normal development, decreasing calmodulin binding to the ganglionic PSDp by 71%
      after 4 weeks. During this period, denervation elicited only a 42% decrease in
      total protein of the synaptic membrane fraction, suggesting that innervation
      regulates development of various synaptic components differentially. Effects of
      denervation were extremely rapid, resulting in a 44% decrease in calmodulin
      binding within 1 day, consistent with regulation by a signaling process such as
      impulse activity. The effect of impulse activity was examined more directly in
      adults by treatment with the agents reserpine or phenoxybenzamine, which elicit
      reflex increases in sympathetic transmission. Administration of reserpine
      resulted in a progressive 90% increase in calmodulin binding to the PSDp over 4
      weeks. Phenoxybenzamine also elicited an increase, mimicking the effects of
      reserpine. Neither agent altered total protein of the synaptic membrane fraction,
      suggesting that impulse activity regulates specific synaptic components. Finally,
      ganglionic denervation in adults decreased PSDp binding within 12 hr, consistent
      with acute effects of impulse reduction. Our results suggest that transsynaptic
      impulse activity plays an important role in regulation of specific molecular
      components of the synapse.

PMID- 3413089
TI  - Early blindness results in a degraded auditory map of space in the optic tectum
      of the barn owl.
AB  - The optic tectum of the barn owl (Tyto alba) contains a neural map of auditory
      space consisting of neurons that are sharply tuned for sound source location and
      organized precisely according to their spatial tuning. The importance of vision
      for the development of this auditory map was investigated by comparing space maps
      measured in normal owls with those measured in owls raised with both eyelids
      sutured closed. The results demonstrate that owls raised without sight, but with
      normal hearing, develop auditory space maps with degraded precision and with
      aspects of topography that are abnormal.

PMID- 3413090
TI  - Maintenance by glycyl-L-glutamine in vivo of molecular forms of
      acetylcholinesterase in the preganglionically denervated superior cervical
      ganglion of the cat.
AB  - The 24-hr intracarotid infusion of plasma-treated glycyl-L-glutamine (3 microM)
      produced significant enhancement of the monomeric G1 and tetrameric G4 forms of
      acetylcholinesterase of the cat superior cervical ganglion 48 hr after
      denervation, in comparison with denervated, noninfused controls. No significant
      effect of glycyl-L-glutamine could be demonstrated 4 or 6 days after denervation.
      These findings are consistent with the conclusion, drawn from a previous in vitro
      study, that glycyl-L-glutamine acts at a stage prior to the aggregation of the G1
      form into higher polymers to maintain the acetylcholinesterase content of
      denervated ganglia. It is proposed that the dipeptide may regulate the
      transcription of the DNA for acetylcholinesterase to its corresponding mRNA.

PMID- 3413091
TI  - Atrial-specific granules in situ have high calcium content, are acidic, and
      maintain anion gradients.
AB  - The composition and pH of atrial-specific granules of rat heart were determined
      by electron probe x-ray microanalysis and fluorescence microscopy, respectively.
      The high (75 mmol/kg of dry weight) calcium content and higher than cytoplasmic
      concentration of chloride in atrial-specific granules were visualized in high
      resolution x-ray maps. The Cl- content of granules and cytoplasm decreased and a
      bromide gradient (granule greater than cytoplasm) was established during
      incubation in low-chloride, NaBr-containing solutions. Scanning confocal
      fluorescence light microscopy of live atria incubated with acridine orange
      demonstrated dye accumulation, indicative of low intragranular pH. We conclude
      that the granules represent a hitherto unrecognized intracellular store of
      cardiac calcium and can develop and maintain an anion gradient, presumably
      through cotransport by means of a proton-pumping ATPase.

PMID- 3413092
TI  - Cloning the human lysozyme cDNA: inverted Alu repeat in the mRNA and in situ
      hybridization for macrophages and Paneth cells.
AB  - Lysozyme is a major secretory product of human and rodent macrophages and a
      useful marker for myelomonocytic cells. Based on the known human lysozyme amino
      acid sequence, oligonucleotides were synthesized and used as probes to screen a
      phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-treated U937 cDNA library. A full-length human
      lysozyme cDNA clone, pHL-2, was obtained and characterized. Sequence analysis
      shows that human lysozyme, like chicken lysozyme, has an 18-amino-acid-long
      signal peptide, but unlike the chicken lysozyme cDNA, the human lysozyme cDNA has
      a greater than 1-kilobase-long 3' nontranslated sequence. Interestingly, within
      this 3' region, an inverted repeat of the Alu family of repetitive sequences was
      discovered. In RNA blot analyses, DNA probes prepared from pHL-2 can be used to
      detect lysozyme mRNA not only from human but also from mouse and rat. Moreover,
      by in situ hybridization, complementary RNA transcripts have been used as probes
      to detect lysozyme mRNA in mouse macrophages and Paneth cells. This human
      lysozyme cDNA clone is therefore likely to be a useful molecular probe for
      studying macrophage distribution and gene expression.

PMID- 3413093
TI  - Mouse lysozyme M gene: isolation, characterization, and expression studies.
AB  - We have isolated and characterized both cDNA and genomic DNA of the mouse
      lysozyme M gene. Derivation of the amino acid sequence from the nucleotide
      sequences revealed six positions in the carboxyl terminus that differ from
      partial sequences previously published. The differential detection of specific
      mRNAs from the closely related lysozyme M and P genes has revealed different but
      overlapping tissue specificities of expression. The M gene is expressed weakly in
      myeloblasts, moderately in immature macrophages, and strongly in both mature
      macrophages and macrophage-rich tissues, while high levels of P transcripts are
      present only in small intestine. Sites of protein accumulation, rather than gene
      expression, have been identified by comparative quantitation of mRNA and enzyme
      levels.

PMID- 3413094
TI  - Influence of loop residues on the relative stabilities of DNA hairpin structures.
AB  - We have determined the relative stabilities and melting behaviors of DNA hairpin
      structures as a function of the nonbonded residues in the loop. The specific
      family of hairpin structures we investigated in this work is formed by the 16-mer
      sequence d[CGAACG(X)4CGTTCG], where X is deoxyadenosine, deoxycytidine,
      deoxyguanosine, or deoxythymidine. As shown below, this 16-mer can fold back on
      itself to form a family of DNA hairpin structures that possess a common hexameric
      stem duplex and a nonbonded loop of 4 nucleotides. For the hairpin structures
      investigated in this work, we varied the loop composition from all purine
      residues to all pyrimidine residues. (Formula: see text). We thermodynamically
      characterized the relative stabilities and melting profiles of these hairpin
      structures by a combination of spectroscopic and calorimetric techniques. To
      establish a thermodynamic "baseline," we also conducted parallel studies on the
      isolated hexameric duplex d[CGAACG).(CG-TTCG)], which corresponds to the common
      stem duplex present in each hairpin structure. Our spectroscopic and calorimetric
      data reveal the following: (i) The hairpin structure with four dT residues in the
      loop exhibits the highest melting temperature, while the corresponding hairpin
      structure with four dA residues in the loop exhibits the lowest melting
      temperature. (ii) The free energy data at 25 degrees C reveal the following order
      of DNA hairpin stability for the four structures studied here: T loop greater
      than C loop greater than G loop greater than A loop. In other words, the
      pyrimidine-looped hairpins of four residues are more stable than the purine
      looped hairpins. (iii) The loop-dependent order of hairpin stability is
      paralleled by a similar trend in the calorimetrically determined transition
      enthalpies for hairpin disruption. Thus, the enhanced stability of the pyrimidine
      looped hairpin structures relative to purine-looped hairpin structures is
      enthalpic in origin. To develop insight into the molecular basis for the
      thermodynamic differences, proton NMR spectroscopy was used to probe for
      structural disparities between the most stable hairpin structure (T loop) and the
      least stable hairpin structure (A loop). Two-dimensional nuclear Overhauser
      enhancement spectroscopy revealed connectivities between the residues in the stem
      duplexes of both hairpin structures that are consistent with B-form DNA. In
      addition, the nonbonded residues in both the T and A loops exhibited the same
      connectivity patterns. However, on the 5' side of the stem-loop junction, the T
      loop residue exhibited a connectivity with the adjacent base pair of the stem
      duplex that is not observed for the corresponding A-loop residue. This difference
      in connectivities at the stem-loop junction may provide a structural basis for
      our observation that the T-looped hairpin structure is more stable than the
      corresponding A-looped hairpin structure.

PMID- 3413096
TI  - Detection of DNA looping due to simultaneous interaction of a DNA-binding protein
      with two spatially separated binding sites on DNA.
AB  - We describe different and relatively rapid biochemical techniques to detect
      protein-mediated DNA looping. These techniques, based on enhancement of DNA
      knotting and that of ligase-catalyzed cyclization, were used to show that the
      replication initiator protein of plasmid R6K can bring together two
      intramolecular gamma origin of replication sequences located as far apart as 2
      kilobases. The site-site interaction causes looping out of the intervening DNA
      sequence as visualized by electron microscopy. Because the autoregulatory
      sequence of the initiator cistron also binds initiator protein, we investigated
      whether the gamma origin-bound protein can participate in autoregulation by
      interaction of the two sites through a protein bridge. We discovered that the two
      sites do not interact in vitro at their natural locations when on opposite faces
      of the double helix. Moving the two sites to the same face of the double helix by
      introducing a half turn into the intervening sequence allows protein-mediated
      site-site interaction to occur.

PMID- 3413095
TI  - Comparison between DNA melting thermodynamics and DNA polymerase fidelity.
AB  - The relation between DNA polymerase fidelity and base pairing stability is
      investigated by using DNA primer-template duplexes that contain a common 9-base
      template sequence but have either correct (A.T) or incorrect (G.T, C.T, T.T) base
      pairs at the primer 3' terminus. Thermal melting and enzyme kinetic measurements
      are compared for each kind of terminus. Analysis of melting temperatures finds
      that differences between the free energy changes upon dissociation (delta delta
      Go) are only 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 kcal.mol-1 (1 cal = 4.18 J) for terminal A.T
      compared to G.T, C.T, and T.T mispairs, respectively, at 37 degrees C. We show
      that enthalpy changes are directly correlated with entropy changes for normal and
      abnormal base pairs in DNA in aqueous solution and that delta delta Go values are
      small because of near cancellation of corresponding enthalpy and entropy
      components. The kinetics of elongating primer termini are measured with purified
      Drosophila DNA polymerase alpha. The matched A.T terminus is found to be extended
      approximately 200 times faster than a G.T mismatch and 1400 and 2500 times faster
      than C.T and T.T mismatches, respectively. Enzymatic discrimination against
      elongating mismatched termini is based mainly on Km rather than Vmax differences.
      From Km at 37 degrees C, we find delta delta Go values of 2.6-3.7 kcal.mol-1,
      about an order of magnitude greater than indicated by melting data. A similar
      measurement of nucleotide insertion kinetics has previously found rates of
      forming A.T base pairs to be 500 times greater than G.T mispairs and 20,000 times
      greater than C.T and T.T mispairs. Here also, Km differences are mainly
      responsible for discrimination and indicate even larger delta delta Go values
      (4.3-4.9 kcal.mol-1). Thus, free energy differences between correct and incorrect
      base pairs in the active site cleft of polymerase appear to be greater than 10
      times as large as in aqueous medium. We explore the idea that a binding cleft
      that snugly fits correct base pairs and excludes water at the active site may
      amplify base-pair free energy differences by reducing entropy differences and
      increasing enthalpy differences sufficiently to account for nucleotide insertion
      and extension fidelity.

PMID- 3413097
TI  - Intramolecular DNA triplexes in supercoiled plasmids.
AB  - A series of inserts with oligopurine.oligopyrimidine mirror repeat sequences was
      investigated at the base pair level with specific chemical probes (OsO4 and
      diethylpyrocarbonate) to evaluate the in vitro existence of intramolecular
      triplexes. Two parent inserts in recombinant plasmids with (GAA)9 and (AG)12
      sequences and three mutant inserts (containing transitions or transversions)
      revealed that base pair changes at one location affected the chemical reactivity
      13 base pairs away. The specificity and nature of these reactions, as well as the
      thermal stability of the complexes, provide direct evidence for the existence of
      a triplex with a portion of the pyrimidine-rich strand folded back and Hoogsteen
      paired in the major groove of the Watson-Crick duplex. The biological
      implications of this unorthodox DNA structure are discussed.

PMID- 3413098
TI  - Selective modulation of protein kinase isozymes by the site-selective analog 8
      chloroadenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate provides a biological means for
      control of human colon cancer cell growth.
AB  - Differential expression of type I and type II cAMP-dependent protein kinase
      isozymes has been linked to growth regulation and differentiation. We examined
      the expression of protein kinase isozymes in the LS 174T human colon cancer cell
      line during 8-chloroadenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-Cl-cAMP)-induced
      growth inhibition. Two species of RII (the regulatory subunit of protein kinase
      type II) with apparent Mr 52,000 (RII52) and Mr 56,000 (RII56) and a single
      species of RI (the regulatory subunit of protein kinase type I) with Mr 48,000
      were identified in the cancer cells. RI and both forms of RII were covalently
      labeled with 8-azidoadenosine 3',5'-cyclic [32P]monophosphate, and two anti-RII
      antibodies that exclusively recognize either RII52 or RII56 resolved two forms of
      the RII receptors. 8-Cl-cAMP treatment induced a decrease of RI and an increase
      of both RII52 and RII56 in the cytosols of cancer cells and rapid translocation
      (within 10 min) of RII52 from the cytosol to nucleus. 8-Cl-cAMP caused
      transcriptional activation of the RII52 receptor gene and inactivation of the RI
      receptor gene. It also exhibited high-affinity site-1-selective binding to the
      purified preparations of both RII receptor proteins. Thus, differential
      regulation of various forms of cAMP receptor proteins is involved in 8-Cl-cAMP
      induced regulation of cancer cell growth, and nuclear translocation of RII52
      receptor protein appears to be an early event in such differential regulation.

PMID- 3413099
TI  - Structure of an alternating-B DNA helix and its relationship to A-tract DNA.
AB  - The crystal structure of the synthetic DNA dodecamer CGCATATATGCG has been solved
      at 2.2-A resolution. Its central 6 base pairs adopt the alternating-B-DNA helix
      structure proposed nearly a decade ago. This alternating poly(AT) structure
      contrasts with the four known examples of what can be termed a poly(A) subfamily
      of B-DNA structures: CGCAAAAAAGCG, CGCAAATTTGCG, CGCGAATTCGCG, and
      CGCGAATTbrCGCG, their defining characteristic being a succession of two or more
      adenines along one strand, in a region of 4 or more A.T base pairs. All five
      helices show a characteristically narrow minor groove in their AT centers, but
      the mean propeller twist at A.T base pairs is lower in the alternating poly(AT)
      helix than in the poly(A) subfamily of helices. Three general principles emerge
      from x-ray analyses of B-DNA oligonucleotides: (i) GC and mixed-sequence B-DNA
      have a wide minor groove, whereas the minor groove is narrow in heteropolymer or
      homopolymer AT sequences. (ii) G.C base pairs have low propeller twist; A.T pairs
      can adopt a high propeller twist but need not do so. A high propeller twist can
      be stabilized by cross-strand hydrogen bonds in the major or minor groove,
      examples being the minor groove bonds seen in CCAAGATTGG and the major groove
      bonds that can accompany AA sequences in the poly(A) family. (iii) Homopolymer
      poly(A) tracts may be stiffer than are alternating AT or general-sequence DNA
      because of these cross-strand major groove hydrogen bonds. Poly(A) tracts appear
      internally unbent, but bends may occur at junctions with mixed-sequence DNA
      because of differences in propeller twist, base pair inclination, and base
      stacking on the two sides of the junction. Bending occurs most easily via base
      roll, favoring compression of the broad major groove.

PMID- 3413100
TI  - Expression of a human placental alkaline phosphatase gene in transfected cells:
      use as a reporter for studies of gene expression.
AB  - The human placental alkaline phosphatase gene has been cloned and reintroduced
      into mammalian cells. When a plasmid carrying the gene under control of the
      simian virus 40 early promoter (pSV2Apap) is transfected into a variety of
      different cell types, placental alkaline phosphatase activity can readily be
      detected by using whole cell suspensions or cell lysates. Alkaline phosphatase
      activity can also be visualized directly in individual transfected cells by
      histochemical staining. The gene is appropriate for use as a reporter in studies
      of gene regulation since its expression is dependent on the presence of exogenous
      transcription control elements. The overall assay to detect the expression of the
      gene is quantitative, very rapid, and inexpensive. Cotransfections of cells with
      pSV2Apap and a related plasmid carrying the bacterial chloramphenicol
      acetyltransferase gene (pSV2Acat) indicate that transcription of these two genes
      is detected with roughly the same sensitivity.

PMID- 3413101
TI  - Comparison of the solution and crystal structures of staphylococcal nuclease with
      13C and 15N chemical shifts used as structural fingerprints.
AB  - We report high-resolution 13C and 15N NMR spectra of crystalline staphylococcal
      nuclease (Nase) complexed to thymidine 3',5'-diphosphate and Ca2+. High
      sensitivity and resolution are obtained by applying solid-state NMR techniques-
      high power proton decoupling and cross-polarization magic angle sample spinning
      (CPMASS)--to protein samples that have been efficiently synthesized and labeled
      by an overproducing strain of Escherichia coli. A comparison of CPMASS and
      solution spectra of Nase labeled with either [methyl-13C]methionine or
      [15N]valine shows that the chemical shifts in the crystalline and solution states
      are virtually identical. This result is strong evidence that the protein
      conformations in the solution and crystalline states are nearly the same. Because
      of the close correspondence of the crystal and solution chemical shifts,
      sequential assignments obtained in solution apply to the crystal spectra. It
      should therefore be possible to study the molecular structure and dynamics of
      many sequentially assigned atomic sites in Nase crystals. Similar experiments are
      applicable to the growing number of proteins that can be obtained from efficient
      expression systems.

PMID- 3413102
TI  - Independent modulation by food supply of two distinct sodium-activated D-glucose
      transport systems in the guinea pig jejunal brush-border membrane.
AB  - D-glucose transport across the intestinal brush-border membrane involves two
      transport systems designated here as systems 1 and 2. Kinetic properties for both
      D-glucose and methyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside transport were measured at 35
      degrees C by using brush-border membrane vesicles prepared from either control,
      fasted (48 hr), or semistarved (10 days) animals. The results show the following:
      (i) The sugar influx rate by simple diffusion was identical under either altered
      condition. (ii) Semistarvation stimulated D-glucose uptake by system 2 (both its
      Vmax and Km increased), whereas system 1 was untouched. (iii) Fasting increased
      the capacity of system 1 without affecting either Km of system 1 or Vmax and Km
      of system 2. The effect of fasting on Vmax of system 1 cannot be attributed to
      indirect effects from changes in ionic permeability because the kinetic
      difference between control and fasted animals persisted when the membrane
      potential was short-circuited with equilibrated K+ and valinomycin. This work
      provides further evidence for the existence of two distinct sodium-activated D
      glucose transport systems in the intestinal brush-border membrane, which adapt
      independently to either semistarvation or fasting.

PMID- 3413103
TI  - Autoregulation of rhodopsin synthesis in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.
AB  - A sensitive assay for the induction of carotenoid and rhodopsin synthesis, based
      on the phototactic response, has been developed in a mutant of the unicellular
      alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. In the dark, the mutant fails to synthesize
      carotene and retinal, but it contains the apoprotein opsin. When retinal
      synthesis is induced by light treatment, the retinal combines with opsin to form
      rhodopsin, and the cells swim away from a source of light. Since the amount of
      light required to trigger a phototactic response is inversely proportional to the
      concentration of rhodopsin, the decrease in amount of light necessary to generate
      that response can serve as a measure of the amount of retinal synthesized in
      cells after induction. Using this assay, we found that (i) light induction of
      retinal depends linearly on light exposure and rhodopsin concentration during the
      exposure; (ii) the action spectrum of light induction is identical with that for
      phototaxis for which the receptor pigment is rhodopsin; and (iii) incubation with
      all-trans-7,8-dihydroretinal before light exposure shifts the action-spectrum
      peak for light induction 0.41 eV (-71 nm). We conclude that the photopigment for
      induction of retinal synthesis is a rhodopsin. The time lag required for
      induction of retinal synthesis and preliminary experiments with transcription or
      translation inhibitors suggest that alterations in gene expression could be
      involved in the induction process. Its control could be similar to other
      processes in which membrane receptors for hormones, neurotransmitters, or growth
      factors regulate gene expression.

PMID- 3413105
TI  - Effects of linkage on rates of molecular evolution.
AB  - When an advantageous mutation is fixed in a population by selection, a closely
      linked selectively neutral or mildly detrimental mutation may "hitchhike" to
      fixation along with it. It has been suggested that hitchhiking might increase the
      rate of molecular evolution. Computer simulations and a mathematical argument
      show that complete linkage to either advantageous or deleterious mutations does
      not affect the substitution of selectively neutral mutations. However, the
      simulations show that linkage to selected background mutations decreases the rate
      of fixation of advantageous mutations and increases the rate of fixation of
      detrimental mutations. This is true whether the linked background mutations are
      advantageous or detrimental, and it verifies and extends previous observations
      that linkage tends to reduce the effects of selection on evolution. These results
      can be interpreted in terms of the Hill-Robertson effect: a locus linked to
      another locus under selection experiences a reduction in effective population
      size. The interpretation of differences in evolutionary rates between different
      genomes or different regions of a genome may be confounded by the effects of
      strong linkage and selection. Recombination is expected to reduce the overall
      rate of molecular evolution while enhancing the rate of adaptive evolution.

PMID- 3413104
TI  - A conserved CATTCCT motif is required for skeletal muscle-specific activity of
      the cardiac troponin T gene promoter.
AB  - Transcription of the cardiac troponin T (cTNT) gene is restricted to cardiac and
      embryonic skeletal muscle tissue. A DNA segment containing 129 nucleotides
      upstream from the cTNT transcription initiation site (cTNT-129) directs
      expression of a heterologous marker gene in transfected embryonic skeletal muscle
      cells but is inactive in embryonic cardiac or fibroblast cells. By using chimeric
      promoter constructions, in which distal and proximal segments of cTNT-129 are
      fused to reciprocal segments of the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV
      tk) gene promoter, the DNA segment responsible for this cell specificity can be
      localized to the cTNT distal promoter region, located between 50 and 129
      nucleotides upstream of the transcription initiation site. The ability of the
      cTNT distal promoter region to confer skeletal muscle-specific activity upon a
      heterologous promoter is abolished when it is displaced 60 nucleotides upstream,
      indicating that its ability to direct skeletal muscle-specific transcription
      probably requires proximity to other components of the transcription initiation
      region. Two copies of the heptamer, CATTCCT ("muscle-CAT" or "M-CAT" motif),
      reside within the 80-nucleotide cTNT distal promoter region. A 3-nucleotide
      mutation in one of these copies inactivates the cTNT promoter in skeletal muscle
      cells. Therefore, the M-CAT motif is a distal promoter element required for
      expression of the cTNT promoter in embryonic skeletal muscle cells. Since the M
      CAT motif is found in other contractile protein gene promoters, it may represent
      one example of a muscle-specific promoter element.

PMID- 3413106
TI  - Molecular and cytogenetic evidence for the location of Tdy and Hya on the mouse Y
      chromosome short arm.
AB  - Using a combination of in situ mapping and DNA analysis with recombinant DNA
      probes specific for the Sxr region of the mouse Y chromosome, we show that both
      the gene(s) controlling sex determination and the expression of the male-specific
      antigen H-Y (Tdy and Hya, respectively) are located on the minute short arm of
      the mouse Y chromosome. We demonstrate that the H-Y- variant of Sxr (Sxr') arose
      by a partial deletion within the Sxr region. Also, we show that intrachromosomal
      recombination between the Y short arm and Sxr' can sometimes occur during male
      meiosis, restoring the deleted DNA sequences and resulting in an H-Y+ mouse (male
      719 in this paper). Based on these results, we propose a model for the generation
      of the original Sxr region and the Sxr' and Sxr719 variants.

PMID- 3413107
TI  - Safe and efficient generation of recombinant retroviruses with amphotropic and
      ecotropic host ranges.
AB  - We have constructed a set of packaging cell lines useful for the generation of
      helper-free recombinant retroviruses with amphotropic and ecotropic host ranges.
      To eliminate the problems of transfer of packaging functions and helper virus
      formation encountered with the previously available packaging systems, two mutant
      Moloney murine leukemia virus-derived proviral genomes carrying complementary
      mutations in the gag-pol or env regions were sequentially introduced into NIH 3T3
      cells by cotransformation. Both genomes contained a deletion of the psi sequence
      necessary for the efficient encapsidation of retroviral genomes into virus
      particles and additional alterations at the 3' end of the provirus. We show that
      the resulting packaging cell lines psi CRIP and psi CRE can be used to isolate
      clones that stably produce high titers (10(6) colony-forming units/ml) of
      recombinant retroviruses with amphotropic and ecotropic host ranges,
      respectively. More importantly, we demonstrate that viral producers derived from
      the packaging cell lines do not transfer the packaging functions, or yield helper
      virus, even under conditions where existing packaging cell lines can be shown to
      yield transfer of packaging functions and/or helper virus. These properties of
      the psi CRIP and psi CRE packaging lines make them particularly valuable reagents
      for in vivo gene transfer studies aimed at cell lineage analysis and the
      development of human gene replacement therapies.

PMID- 3413108
TI  - Normal oxidative damage to mitochondrial and nuclear DNA is extensive.
AB  - Oxidative damage to DNA can be caused by excited oxygen species, which are
      produced by radiation or are by-products of aerobic metabolism. The oxidized
      base, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (oh8dG), 1 of approximately 20 known radiation
      damage products, has been assayed in the DNA of rat liver. oh8dG is present at a
      level of 1 per 130,000 bases in nuclear DNA and 1 per 8000 bases in mtDNA.
      Mitochondria treated with various prooxidants have an increased level of oh8dG.
      The high level of oh8dG in mtDNA may be caused by the immense oxygen metabolism,
      relatively inefficient DNA repair, and the absence of histones in mitochondria.
      It may be responsible for the observed high mutation rate of mtDNA.

PMID- 3413110
TI  - Amphiregulin: a bifunctional growth-modulating glycoprotein produced by the
      phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-treated human breast adenocarcinoma cell line MCF
      7.
AB  - A glycoprotein, termed amphiregulin (AR), inhibits growth of several human
      carcinoma cells in culture and stimulates proliferation of human fibroblasts and
      certain other tumor cells. It has been purified to apparent homogeneity from
      serum-free conditioned medium of MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cells that had been
      treated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. AR is a single-chain extremely
      hydrophilic glycoprotein containing cysteines in disulfide linkage(s) that are
      essential for biological activity; it is stable between pH 2 and pH 12 and after
      heating for 30 min at 56 degrees C but unstable at 100 degrees C. The apparent
      molecular weights of AR and N-Glycanase-treated AR are 14,000 and 15,000,
      respectively, as assessed by gel chromatography, and approximately 22,500 and
      approximately 14,000, respectively, as determined by polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis. Treatment of AR with N-Glycanase, O-Glycanase, or neuraminidase
      does not affect its activity. The pI of AR is approximately 7.8. The amino
      terminal amino acid sequence of AR has been determined, and no significant
      sequence homology between AR and other proteins was found. The molecule thus
      appears to be a distinct growth regulatory protein.

PMID- 3413109
TI  - Nerve growth factor promotes human hemopoietic colony growth and differentiation.
AB  - Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a neurotropic polypeptide necessary for the survival
      and growth of some central neurons, as well as sensory afferent and sympathetic
      neurons. Much is now known of the structural and functional characteristics of
      NGF, whose gene has recently been cloned. Since it is synthesized in largest
      amounts by the male mouse submandibular gland, its role exclusively in nerve
      growth is questionable. NGF also causes histamine release from rat peritoneal
      mast cells in vitro, and we have shown elsewhere that it causes significant, dose
      dependent, generalized mast cell proliferation in the rat in vivo when
      administered neonatally. Our experiments now indicate that NGF causes a
      significant stimulation of granulocyte colonies grown from human peripheral blood
      in standard hemopoietic methylcellulose assays. Further, NGF appears to act in a
      relatively selective fashion to induce the differentiation of eosinophils and
      basophils/mast cells. Depletion experiments show that the NGF effect may be T
      cell dependent and that NGF augments the colony-stimulating effect of
      supernatants from the leukemic T-cell (Mo) line. The hemopoietic activity of NGF
      is blocked by polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies to NGF. We conclude that NGF
      may indirectly act as a local growth factor in tissues other than those of the
      nervous system by causing T cells to synthesize or secrete molecules with colony
      stimulating activity. In view of the synthesis of NGF in tissue injury, the
      involvement of basophils/mast cells and eosinophils in allergic and other
      inflammatory processes, and the association of mast cells with fibrosis and
      tissue repair, we postulate that NGF plays an important biological role in a
      variety of repair processes.

PMID- 3413111
TI  - Expression of preproenkephalin mRNA by cultured astrocytes and neurons.
AB  - Expression of preproenkephalin mRNA by developing glia and neurons was examined
      in cultures of embryonic and neonatal rat brain. Cultured glia from specific
      regions of embryonic day 17 and neonatal day 1 rat brain were identified as
      astrocytes on the basis of both morphology and expression of immunoreactivity for
      glial fibrillary acidic protein. The level of preproenkephalin mRNA in cultured
      neonatal hypothalamic astrocytes was comparable to levels present in cultured
      embryonic striatal and hypothalamic neurons. Levels of the mRNA were
      significantly higher in astrocytes derived from neonatal hypothalamus compared to
      astrocytes derived from other areas of the brain. Thus, there is heterogeneity
      among astrocytes with respect to preproenkephalin expression. Levels of
      preproenkephalin mRNA in cultured neonatal striatal astrocytes were only one
      third as high as levels in embryonic striatal astrocytes; this observation
      suggests that glial expression of the gene may be down-regulated during
      development. Although cultured hypothalamic neurons contained substantial levels
      of prodynorphin mRNA, levels of this mRNA were not detectable in cultured
      astrocytes from any brain region or in cultured striatal neurons. Thus, glia do
      not express all opioid peptide genes during development. These observations
      suggest that expression of the preproenkephalin gene by astrocytes may play a
      role in development of the brain.

PMID- 3413112
TI  - Chromosomal localization of the human diazepam binding inhibitor gene.
AB  - We have used in situ chromosome hybridization and human-mouse somatic cell
      hybrids to map the gene(s) for human diazepam binding inhibitor (DBI), an
      endogenous putative modulator of the gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor acting at
      the allosteric regulatory center of this receptor that includes the
      benzodiazepine recognition site. In 784 chromosome spreads hybridized with human
      DBI cDNA, the distribution of 1476 labeled sites revealed a significant
      clustering of autoradiographic grains (11.3% of total label) on the long arm of
      chromosome 2 (2q). Furthermore, 63.5% of the grains found on 2q were located on
      2q12-21, suggesting regional mapping of DBI gene(s) to this segment. Secondary
      hybridization signals were frequently observed on other chromosomes and they were
      statistically significant mainly for chromosomes 5, 6, 11, and 14. In addition,
      DNA from 32 human-mouse cell hybrids was digested with BamHI and probed with
      human DBI cDNA. A 3.5-kilobase band, which probably represents the human DBI
      gene, was assigned to chromosome 2. Four higher molecular weight bands, also
      detected in BamHI digests, could not be unequivocally assigned. A chromosome 2
      location was excluded for the 27-, 13-, and 10-kilobase bands. These results
      assign a human DBI gene to chromosome 2 (2q12-21) and indicate that three of the
      four homologous sequences detected by the human DBI probe are located on three
      other chromosomes.

PMID- 3413113
TI  - A large family of bacterial activator proteins.
AB  - At least nine different bacterial proteins belong to the LysR family. The gene
      sequence for one of these proteins is presented here. Six others (Escherichia
      coli LysR, IlvY, CysB; Salmonella typhimurium MetR; Rhizobium NodD; and
      Enterobacter cloacae AmpR) are known to activate other genes. Based on sequence
      alignments, each member of this family is predicted to have a helix-turn-helix
      DNA binding motif near its amino terminus. The combined evidence indicates that
      all nine proteins are related by common ancestry, are similarly folded, and are
      not detectably related to other known bacterial regulatory proteins. The DNA
      database searching procedure and other methods used in this study should be
      useful in detecting other groups of related proteins.

PMID- 3413115
TI  - Covalent modification of the beta-1,4-N-acetylmuramoylhydrolase of Streptococcus
      faecium with 5-mercaptouridine monophosphate.
AB  - Purified beta-1,4-N-acetylmuramoylhydrolase (muramidase-1; EC 3.2.1.17) of
      Streptococcus faecium ATCC 9790 has been shown to be covalently substituted with
      approximately 12 mol equivalents of monomeric 5-mercaptouridine monophosphate.
      All 12 residues are present on the proteolytically processed 87-kDa active form
      of the enzyme. A peptide fragment containing 5-mercaptouridine, tyrosine,
      alanine, glycine, and leucine was isolated consistent with an O-phosphate linkage
      of the nucleotide to tyrosine.

PMID- 3413114
TI  - A highly conserved repetitive DNA sequence, (TTAGGG)n, present at the telomeres
      of human chromosomes.
AB  - A highly conserved repetitive DNA sequence, (TTAGGG)n, has been isolated from a
      human recombinant repetitive DNA library. Quantitative hybridization to
      chromosomes sorted by flow cytometry indicates that comparable amounts of this
      sequence are present on each human chromosome. Both fluorescent in situ
      hybridization and BAL-31 nuclease digestion experiments reveal major clusters of
      this sequence at the telomeres of all human chromosomes. The evolutionary
      conservation of this DNA sequence, its terminal chromosomal location in a variety
      of higher eukaryotes (regardless of chromosome number or chromosome length), and
      its similarity to functional telomeres isolated from lower eukaryotes suggest
      that this sequence is a functional human telomere.

PMID- 3413116
TI  - Structure of the medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase from pig liver mitochondria
      at 3-A resolution.
AB  - The three-dimensional structure of the medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (EC
      1.3.99.3) from pig liver mitochondria has been determined to 3.0-A resolution by
      the x-ray diffraction method. The enzyme is a tetramer of four identical 43-kDa
      subunits and contains one equivalent of flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) per
      subunit. The polypeptide is folded into three domains. The N-terminal and the C
      terminal domains are composed mainly of alpha-helices, and the middle domain is
      packed with orthogonal beta-sheets. The FAD has an extended conformation: the
      flavin ring lies between the N-terminal and the beta-sheet domains, and the
      adenine moiety is found at the junction between the C-terminal and the beta-sheet
      domains of one subunit and the C-terminal domain of a neighboring subunit. The
      polypeptide chain folding near the FAD binding site is different from those
      observed in other flavoproteins, such as glutathione reductase and glycolate
      oxidase.

PMID- 3413117
TI  - Cultured mammalian cells attach to the invasin protein of Yersinia
      pseudotuberculosis.
AB  - The expression of invasin, the product of the Yersinia pseudotuberculosis inv
      gene, allows enteric bacteria to enter cultured mammalian cells. The ability of
      invasin to bind animal cells and the potential significance of this interaction
      in the entry process were investigated. It was found that HEp-2 cells could
      attach to surfaces coated with bacterial membranes containing invasin. By
      fractionating bacterial membrane proteins on NaDodSO4/polyacrylamide gels and
      transferring the protein to filters, we demonstrated that the cell-binding
      component of the membranes comigrated with invasin. Mutations that changed the
      electrophoretic mobility of the protein also caused a corresponding shift in the
      migration of the cell-binding activity, showing that the comigrating protein was
      indeed invasin. Monoclonal antibodies directed against invasin that blocked
      invasin-HEp-2 cell interaction also inhibited bacteria from penetrating HEp-2
      cells, indicating that interaction of this protein with animal cells is critical
      for cellular penetration.

PMID- 3413119
TI  - Relaxation of muscle fibers with adenosine 5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate (ATP[gamma
      S]) and by laser photolysis of caged ATP[gamma S]: evidence for Ca2+-dependent
      affinity of rapidly detaching zero-force cross-bridges.
AB  - The relationship between the mechanical and biochemical states of the muscle
      cross-bridge cycle and the control of contraction were investigated by using the
      nucleotide analogs adenosine 5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate (ATP[gamma S]) and caged
      ATP[gamma S] [the O-1(2-nitrophenyl)ethyl P3-ester of ATP[gamma S]]. ATP[gamma S]
      interacts with actomyosin in a manner similar to ATP but is hydrolyzed (by a
      factor of 500) more slowly. Generation of ATP[gamma S] by photolysis of caged
      ATP[gamma S] within a permeabilized fiber in rigor in the absence of Ca2+ relaxed
      tension and stiffness as occurs with ATP. The transient rise in tension prior to
      final relaxation observed with photolysis of caged ATP was absent with caged
      ATP[gamma S]. This result suggests that following detachment of a cross-bridge,
      ATP is normally hydrolyzed before force generation. In the presence of Ca2+,
      photolysis of caged ATP[gamma S] within rigor fibers caused tension to relax
      fully but significant stiffness remained. Stiffness also developed without
      concomitant tension when Ca2+ concentration was raised from less than 1 nM to 30
      microM in the presence of ATP[gamma S]. The amplitude of the tension response to
      ramp stretches in the presence of Ca2+ and ATP[gamma S] increased with ramp
      stretch velocity, suggesting that the cross-bridges have detachment rate
      constants extending into the 10(3) s-1 range. The results provide evidence that
      the Ca2+-regulatory system can directly control attachment of cross-bridges into
      states before the power stroke.

PMID- 3413120
TI  - Conformation of acetylcholine bound to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.
AB  - We report here the biologically active conformation of acetylcholine when bound
      to the high-affinity state of the receptor from Torpedo californica. The
      acetylcholine conformation was determined in the free and bound states by proton
      NMR two-dimensional nuclear Overhauser effects. In agreement with x-ray
      crystallographic data, acetylcholine in solution has an extended conformation
      with an average distance between the acetyl methyl and choline methyl protons of
      approximately equal to 5 A. When bound to the acetylcholine receptor,
      acetylcholine adopts a conformation where the acetyl methyl group is close (3.3
      A) to the methyl groups of the choline moiety. This bent conformation places the
      oxygens adjacent to one another and allows the methyl groups to form an
      uninterrupted hydrophobic surface over the rest of the acetylcholine molecule.
      The significant difference between the free- and bound-state conformations
      implies that structure-activity studies based solely on molecular modeling
      strategies must be approached with caution.

PMID- 3413118
TI  - Genomic sequencing and in vivo footprinting of an expression-specific DNase I
      hypersensitive site of avian vitellogenin II promoter reveal a demethylation of a
      mCpG and a change in specific interactions of proteins with DNA.
AB  - Genomic sequencing was used to study the in vivo methylation pattern of two CpG
      sites in the promoter region of the avian vitellogenin gene. The CpG at position
      +10 was fully methylated in DNA isolated from tissues that do not express the
      gene but was unmethylated in the liver of mature hens and estradiol-treated
      roosters. In the latter tissue, this site became demethylated and DNase I
      hypersensitive after estradiol treatment. A second CpG (position -52) was
      unmethylated in all tissues examined. In vivo genomic footprinting with dimethyl
      sulfate revealed different patterns of DNA protection in silent and expressed
      genes. In rooster liver cells, at least 10 base pairs of DNA, including the
      methylated CpG, were protected by protein(s). Gel-shift assays indicated that a
      protein factor, present in rooster liver nuclear extract, bound at this site only
      when it was methylated. In hen liver cells, the same unmethylated CpG lies within
      a protected region of approximately equal to 20 base pairs. In vitro DNase I
      protection and gel-shift assays indicate that this sequence is bound by a
      protein, which binds both double- and single-stranded DNA. For the latter
      substrate, this factor was shown to bind solely the noncoding (i.e., mRNA-like)
      strand.

PMID- 3413121
TI  - Theoretical comparison of the self diffusion and mutual diffusion of interacting
      membrane proteins.
AB  - Self diffusion and mutual diffusion in two-dimensional membrane systems are
      analyzed. It is shown that interprotein interactions can produce markedly
      different density-dependent changes in the diffusion coefficients describing
      these two processes; the qualitative differences are illustrated by using a
      theoretical formalism valid for dilute solutions. Results are obtained for three
      analytical potentials: hard-core repulsions, soft repulsions, and soft repulsions
      with weak attractions. Self diffusion is inhibited by all three interactions. In
      contrast, mutual diffusion is inhibited by attractions but is enhanced by
      repulsions. It is shown that such interaction-dependent differences in self
      diffusion and mutual diffusion could underlie, among other things, the disparity
      in protein diffusion coefficients extracted from fluorescence recovery after
      photobleaching and postelectrophoresis relaxation data.

PMID- 3413122
TI  - Receptors for the host low density lipoproteins on the hemoflagellate Trypanosoma
      brucei: purification and involvement in the growth of the parasite.
AB  - The slender bloodstream form of Trypanosoma brucei shows receptor-mediated
      endocytosis of low density lipoprotein (LDL) particles of its hosts. We have
      purified the LDL receptor of this species nearly to homogeneity (about 1000-fold
      purification) and obtained monospecific polyclonal antibodies against it. As
      analyzed by NaDodSO4/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the purified receptor
      consists of a single subunit, with an apparent molecular mass of 86 kDa. Its
      isoelectric point is 5.9. On the average, each cell exposes 52,000 copies of low
      affinity receptors (Kd of 250 nM) and 1800 copies of high-affinity receptors (Kd
      of 5.7 nM). According to indirect en bloc immunolabeling of fixed parasites, the
      receptor appears to be localized to the flagellar pocket membrane and the
      flagellar membrane and to be completely absent from the rest of the pericellular
      membrane. LDL is required for optimal growth of the trypanosome in vitro: cell
      growth can be inhibited either by removal of LDL from the culture medium or by
      antibodies against the purified LDL receptors. In both cases, growth is restored
      by the addition of excess LDL.

PMID- 3413123
TI  - Three-dimensional immunogold localization of alpha-actinin within the
      cytoskeletal networks of cultured cardiac muscle and nonmuscle cells.
AB  - The ultrastructural distribution of alpha-actinin was studied in cultured hamster
      heart cells by immunogold replica electron microscopy. This technique enabled us
      to localize alpha-actinin within the cytoskeletal networks at high resolution and
      in three dimensions. Colloidal gold, indicating the presence of alpha-actinin,
      was localized on the Z bands of nascent myofibrils in myocytes and on stress
      fiber bundles in nonmuscle cells. alpha-Actinin staining was also seen on
      stellate foci, where cytoskeletal filaments converged along the inner myocyte
      cell membranes. Intermediate filaments were associated with Z bands of
      myofibrils, stress fibers, and subplasmalemmal actin networks at the specific
      points where alpha-actinin was localized on these structures. Heavy meromyosin
      treatment prior to immunostaining confirmed that the thin filaments contained
      actin. These results suggest that alpha-actinin serves to interlink these various
      cytoskeletal elements. In addition, this protein may be involved in the initial
      phases of filament organization during myofibrillogenesis along the inner surface
      of the myocyte plasma membrane.

PMID- 3413124
TI  - Patterns of mRNA expression during early cell growth differ in kidney epithelial
      cells destined to undergo compensatory hypertrophy versus regenerative
      hyperplasia.
AB  - An increase in cell size and protein content is characteristic of cells
      undergoing hypertrophy and of replicating cells prior to DNA synthesis. Cell
      enlargement in the two situations could be regulated by similar early events with
      an interruption of the cell cycle occurring in hypertrophy, or the two processes
      could be uncoupled. In vivo models were used to compare hypertrophy induced by
      unilateral nephrectomy and hyperplasia induced by folic acid injection in rabbit
      renal cortical cells. Within 48 hr, cell volume increased in both groups but the
      number of cells in the cell cycle and DNA synthesis was increased only after
      folic acid. Patterns of mRNA expression of the following three groups of cell
      cycle-dependent genes were analyzed: (i) protooncogenes (c-fos, c-myc, and c-Ha
      ras), (ii) structural protein genes (vimentin and beta-actin), and (iii)
      transport protein genes (Na+, K+-ATPase, ADP-ATP translocase, and calcyclin).
      mRNAs for all genes, except calcyclin and c-Ha-ras, were detected in controls.
      Folic acid generally induced rapid, transient increases in mRNA levels, but after
      unilateral nephrectomy, expression of most mRNAs showed a gradual, progressive
      increase. These data indicate that gene expression in the early stages of cell
      enlargement differs in cells destined to undergo proliferation vs. hypertrophy.
      The term "sustained message amplification" is proposed to describe the
      hypertrophied cell.

PMID- 3413125
TI  - Albumin interacts specifically with a 60-kDa microvascular endothelial
      glycoprotein.
AB  - Confluent monolayers of microvascular endothelial cells, derived from the rat
      epididymal fat pad and grown in culture, were radioiodinated by using the
      lactoper-oxidase method. Their radioiodinated surface polypeptides were detected
      by NaDodSO4/PAGE (followed by autoradiography) and were characterized by both
      lectin affinity chromatography and protease digestion to identify the proteins
      involved in albumin binding. All detected polypeptides were sensitive to Pronase
      digestion, whereas several polypeptides were resistant to trypsin. Pronase
      treatment of the cell monolayer significantly reduced the specific binding of
      radioiodinated rat serum albumin, but trypsin digestion did not. Limax flavus,
      Ricinus communis, and Triticum vulgaris agglutinins competed significantly with
      radioiodinated rat serum albumin binding, whereas other lectins did not. A single
      60-kDa glyco-protein was precipitated in common by these three lectins and was
      trypsin-resistant and Pronase-sensitive. Rat serum albumin affinity
      chromatography columns weakly but specifically bound a 60-kDa polypeptide from
      cell lysates derived from radioiodinated cell monolayers. These findings indicate
      that the 60-kDa glycoprotein is directly involved in a specific interaction of
      albumin with the cultured microvascular endothelial cells used in these
      experiments.

PMID- 3413126
TI  - Analysis of gene amplification in human tumor cell lines.
AB  - Oncogene amplification has been observed in various primary tumors and tumor
      derived cell lines. In several types of cancer, amplification of specific
      oncogenes is correlated with the stage of tumor progression. To estimate the
      frequency of gene amplification in other tumor types and to determine whether the
      ability to grow in vivo is associated with gene amplification in tumor cell
      lines, we have developed a modified version of the in-gel renaturation assay that
      detects human DNA sequences of unknown nature amplified as little as 7- to 8
      fold. This assay was used to screen 16 cell lines derived from various solid
      tumors and leukemias. Amplified DNA sequences were detected in only one cell
      line, Calu-3 lung adenocarcinoma. This cell line was found to contain coamplified
      NGL (formerly termed neu) and ERBA1 oncogenes. However, when one of the
      amplification-negative cell lines, PC-3 prostatic carcinoma, was selected for in
      vivo growth in nude mice, amplified DNA sequences became detectable in these
      cells. The amplified sequences included the MYC oncogene, which showed no
      amplification in the parental cell line but was amplified 10- to 12-fold in the
      in vivo-selected cells. MYC amplification may, therefore, provide tumor cells
      with a selective advantage specific for in vivo growth.

PMID- 3413127
TI  - Failure of a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) immune globulin to protect
      chimpanzees against experimental challenge with HIV.
AB  - To assess the possible efficacy of passive immunization against human
      immunodeficiency virus (HIV) an immune globulin was prepared from plasma of HIV
      seropositive donors selected to be among those having the top 12.5% of virus
      neutralizing antibody titers. The immune globulin was treated with pepsin to
      render it intravenously tolerable. The preparation, which we termed HIVIG,
      neutralized 100 tissue culture 50% infective doses (TCID50) of HIV at an average
      dilution of 1:1000 in neutralization tests in vitro. During preparation HIVIG was
      subjected to virus inactivation and removal procedures that in theory resulted in
      a reduction in HIV infectivity by a factor of 10(25). At a dose of 9-10 ml/kg of
      body weight both the virus-inactivated source plasma and the final immunoglobulin
      preparation were noninfective and without adverse effect in two chimpanzees. Two
      chimpanzees inoculated intravenously with HIVIG at 1 ml/kg and two inoculated
      with 10 ml/kg were challenged intravenously 1 day later with 400 TCID50 of the
      same strain of HIV (HTLV-IIIb) used in neutralization assays in vitro. All
      animals became infected. Incubation periods to virus isolation (by cocultivation
      with human mononuclear cells) in HIVIG recipients did not differ significantly
      from the incubation period seen in a control animal that received a normal anti
      HIV-free immunoglobulin. These findings may have implications for understanding
      the failure of experimental vaccines to protect against HIV challenge in
      chimpanzee experiments.

PMID- 3413128
TI  - Liposome formulations with prolonged circulation time in blood and enhanced
      uptake by tumors.
AB  - The rapid clearance of circulating liposomes from the bloodstream, coupled with
      their high uptake by liver and spleen, has thus far been an obstacle to any
      attempts at targeting to tumors. We have assessed the impact of liposome
      composition on their clearance from the circulation in normal and tumor-bearing
      mice and on their uptake by tumors and various normal tissues. By selective
      changes in lipid composition, while maintaining a mean particle diameter of
      approximately equal to 100 nm, we have achieved up to a 60-fold increase in the
      fraction of recovered dose present in blood 24 hr after i.v. injection.
      Concomitantly, there was a decrease by a factor of 4 of the recovered dose
      localizing in the liver and spleen, the major organs of the reticuloendothelial
      system. Parallel experiments in tumor-bearing mice demonstrated a 25-fold
      increase of the liposome concentration in the tumor when formulations with long
      and short blood residence time were compared. The most favorable results were
      obtained with liposomes containing a small molar fraction of a negatively charged
      glycolipid, such as monosialoganglioside or phosphatidylinositol, and a solid
      phase neutral phospholipid as the bulk component. The bio-distribution of such
      formulations is of considerable therapeutic potential in cancer for increasing
      the concentration of cytotoxic agents in tumors while minimizing the likelihood
      of toxicity to the reticuloendothelial system.

PMID- 3413129
TI  - Anoxic contractile failure in rat heart myocytes is caused by failure of
      intracellular calcium release due to alteration of the action potential.
AB  - Anoxia of the heart causes failure of contraction before any irreversible injury
      occurs; the mechanism by which anoxia blocks cardiac excitation-contraction
      coupling is unknown. Studies in whole muscle are confounded by heterogeneity;
      however, achieving the low oxygen tensions required to study anoxia in a single
      myocyte during electrophysiological recording has been a barrier in experimental
      design. Guided by calculations of oxygen transport, we developed a system to
      insulate myocytes in an open dish from oxygen by a laminar counterflowing argon
      column, permitting free access to the cell by microelectrodes while maintaining a
      PO2 less than 0.02 torr (1 torr = 133 Pa). In the absence of glucose, the
      amplitude of stimulated contraction of anoxic ventricular myocytes fell to zero
      over 2 min after a lag period attributable to the consumption of endogenous
      glycogen. The cytosolic calcium concentration transient, measured by indo-1
      fluorescence, fell to zero simultaneously with contraction. After the twitch had
      failed, microinjection of caffeine around the cell still caused a large calcium
      release and contraction, indicating that sarcoplasmic reticular calcium stores
      were not depleted. Twitch failure was accompanied by shortening and then failure
      of the action potential; under voltage clamp, large outward currents, reversing
      at the resting potential, developed during contractile failure. After failure of
      action potential-mediated contraction, voltage-clamp depolarization, with a large
      command voltage to compensate for the series-resistance error due to outward
      currents, restored normal twitch contraction. We conclude that anoxic contractile
      failure in the rat myocyte is due to alteration of the action potential and the
      distal pathways of excitation-contraction coupling remain essentially intact.

PMID- 3413131
TI  - A critical period for estrogen action on neurons of the song control system in
      the zebra finch.
AB  - The song nuclei of the male zebra finch (Poephila guttata) contain larger neurons
      than those of the female. This gender difference arises after hatching as a
      result of cell atrophy in the female and cell growth in the male. Implantation of
      estrogen in female chicks induces masculine differentiation of neurons in their
      song nuclei. The effects of estrogen on neuron size decline steeply after
      posthatching day 35 when neuronal atrophy begins. Estrogen loses its
      masculinizing effects completely after day 45 when the adult level of neuronal
      atrophy is reached. Thus, the end and the intensity of hormone action appear to
      be correlated with the timing of neuronal atrophy.

PMID- 3413130
TI  - The neuronal cell-surface molecule mitogenic for Schwann cells is a heparin
      binding protein.
AB  - The cell surface of embryonic peripheral neurons provides a mitogenic stimulus
      for Schwann cells. We report (i) the solubilization of this mitogenic activity
      from rat dorsal root ganglion neurons grown in tissue culture and (ii) the
      solubilization and partial purification of mitogenic activity from neonatal rat
      brains. Extracted mitogenic activity is peripheral rather than intrinsic to the
      membrane, stable after extraction, and active as a mitogen in the absence of
      serum (the most stringent criterion defining the neuronal mitogen). We have
      previously provided evidence suggesting that a neuronal cell-surface heparan
      sulfate proteoglycan is required for expression of the neurons' mitogenic
      activity. We now show that mitogenic activity can be extracted from the membrane
      dissociated from proteoglycan as assayed by its ability to bind to immobilized
      heparin. After dissociation, low concentrations of heparin (1 micrograms/ml)
      inhibit the ability of the mitogen to stimulate Schwann cell division. Basic
      fibroblast growth factor (FGF) is weakly mitogenic for Schwann cells, but it is
      not present in mitogenic brain extracts (based on immunoblotting).
      Immunodepletion experiments with specific antibodies to FGF indicate that the
      mitogenic activity extracted from neurons is not a form of this heparin-binding
      mitogen. Acidic FGF is not mitogenic for Schwann cells and is not present in
      mitogenic brain extracts. We suggest that these and previous data indicate the
      neurite mitogen is a proteoglycan-growth factor complex that limits mitogenic
      activity to the axonal surface, protects mitogen against inactivation by other
      proteoglycans, and provides for effective presentation of mitogen to the Schwann
      cell.

PMID- 3413132
TI  - Sequencing of proteins from two-dimensional gels by using in situ digestion and
      transfer of peptides to polyvinylidene difluoride membranes: application to
      proteins associated with sensitization in Aplysia.
AB  - We have developed a method for obtaining partial internal amino acid sequence
      data from proteins isolated directly from preparative two-dimensional
      polyacrylamide gels. Proteins from a crude cell homogenate are separated using
      preparative two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Then, the gel is
      stained with Coomassie blue and the protein spots of interest are cut out. The in
      situ protein is digested with Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease in a second
      polyacrylamide gel and the peptides are separated by one-dimensional
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The peptides are then electroblotted onto a
      polyvinylidene difluoride membrane, visualized using Coomassie blue, cut out, and
      sequenced using an automated gas phase sequencer. Using this method, we have
      obtained amino acid sequence data for two proteins that are altered after long
      term sensitization: actin and Aplysia protein 407. In addition, we have obtained
      amino acid sequence data for rat protein 425, a protein that appears to be
      homologous to Aplysia protein 407.

PMID- 3413133
TI  - Diazepam binding inhibitor gene expression: location in brain and peripheral
      tissues of rat.
AB  - Diazepam binding inhibitor (DBI), an endogenous 10-kDa polypeptide was isolated
      from rat and human brain by monitoring displacement of radioactive diazepam bound
      to specific recognition sites in brain synaptic and mitochondrial membranes. The
      cellular location of DBI mRNA was studied in rat brain and selected peripheral
      tissues by in situ hybridization histochemistry with a 35S-labeled single
      stranded complementary RNA probe. DBI mRNA was heterogeneously distributed in rat
      brain, with particularly high levels in the area postrema, the cerebellar cortex,
      and ependyma of the third ventricle. Intermediate levels were found in the
      olfactory bulb, pontine nuclei, inferior colliculi, arcuate nucleus, and pineal
      gland. Relatively low but significant levels of silver grains were observed
      overlying many mesencephalic and telencephalic areas that have previously been
      shown to contain numerous DBI-immunoreactive neurons and a high density of
      central benzodiazepine receptors. In situ hybridizations also revealed high
      levels of DBI mRNA in the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland, liver, and
      germinal center of the white pulp of spleen, all tissues that are rich in
      peripheral benzodiazepine binding sites. The tissue-specific pattern of DBI gene
      expression described here could be exploited to further understand the
      physiological function of DBI in the brain and periphery.

PMID- 3413134
TI  - Vesicular localization of immunoreactive [Met5]enkephalin in the globus pallidus.
AB  - The distribution of enkephalin immunoreactivity in the neuropil of globus
      pallidus was analyzed with a quick-freezing, postembedment-staining technique for
      light and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry. Fluorescence images of
      ultrathin sections on glass slides, obtained with a silicon-intensified-tube
      (type) video camera, revealed staining in the form of scattered fluorescent dots,
      each 200-400 nm in diameter. Colloidal gold staining under the electron
      microscope was associated with 80- to 100-nm vesicles of average electron
      density, widely dispersed in the neuropil, with usually one and no more than four
      vesicles in individual sectioned neuronal processes. Analysis of fluorescence
      images in paired serial sections of thicknesses varying from 25 to 150 nm proved
      that the 200- to 400-nm dots of fluorescence came from smaller structures,
      presumably the 80- to 100-nm vesicles. Enkephalinergic vesicles in the globus
      pallidus were nearly always found in what appeared to be axons of passage and
      were only infrequently associated with synaptic profiles.

PMID- 3413136
TI  - Hard labour made easier.

PMID- 3413135
TI  - Acoustic stimulation causes tonotopic alterations in the length of isolated outer
      hair cells from guinea pig hearing organ.
AB  - Isolated outer hair cells from the mammalian cochlea exhibit a motile response to
      electrical or chemical stimulation. Here we show that isolated outer hair cells
      can also respond to acoustic stimulation, in the form of a tone burst of 200 Hz,
      by either shortening or lengthening depending on their cochlear location. Cells
      from the apical region of the cochlea (long cells) responded by increasing their
      length, whereas those from more basal regions (short cells) responded by
      decreasing their length. Cells from intermediate positions showed an equal
      probability for either elongating or shortening. Both the elongating and
      shortening response was inhibited by 3 microM poly(L-lysine). It is suggested
      that this tonotopic and bidirectional acoustic response may be one of the active
      components underlying the specific phase and frequency displacement of the
      basilar membrane.

PMID- 3413137
TI  - Empathy: the key to understanding.

PMID- 3413138
TI  - Modern wound care products.

PMID- 3413139
TI  - Triage in accident and emergency.

PMID- 3413140
TI  - Colostomy appliances.

PMID- 3413142
TI  - Teaching testicular self-examination.

PMID- 3413141
TI  - Get the best from staff recruitment.

PMID- 3413143
TI  - King's Cross fire--a witness's account.

PMID- 3413144
TI  - Promoting incontinence products to the public.

PMID- 3413145
TI  - Clinical grading: can it succeed?

PMID- 3413146
TI  - Catheter care: the risk of infection.

PMID- 3413147
TI  - Handling cytotoxic drugs.

PMID- 3413148
TI  - Standard protocols for treating open wounds.

PMID- 3413150
TI  - Living with lung problems.

PMID- 3413149
TI  - Acid-base balance.

PMID- 3413151
TI  - Eating for one and a quarter?

PMID- 3413152
TI  - Part-time staff: a blessing in disguise?

PMID- 3413153
TI  - Cell fractionation: importance to cell-free systems development.

PMID- 3413154
TI  - Cell-free analysis of membrane traffic. Proceedings of a conference. Heidelberg,
      Federal Republic of Germany, October 1-4, 1986.

PMID- 3413155
TI  - Organelle-specific antibodies: production of antibodies to Golgi subcompartments.
AB  - We have devised a strategy for producing Golgi subcompartment-specific antibodies
      that involves utilizing Triton X-114-phase separated membrane proteins derived
      from rat pancreatic Golgi subfractions as immunogens. When we tested the approach
      by immunizing rabbits with membrane proteins derived from heavy Golgi
      subfractions that are known to be enriched in cis Golgi elements, we succeeded in
      generating an antibody that recognized a 58 kD protein that was restricted in its
      distribution to cis Golgi cisternae in several cell types. Thus we have
      demonstrated the feasibility of the approach we devised for generation of Golgi
      subcompartment-specific antibodies, and we have also succeeded in identifying a
      heretofore unknown cis Golgi marker protein.

PMID- 3413156
TI  - Analysis of coated vesicle structure and function using anti-clathrin monoclonal
      antibodies.

PMID- 3413157
TI  - Hepatic endosome subfractions: preparation, biochemical properties and functional
      roles.

PMID- 3413158
TI  - The DAB-induced density shift: principle, validity and applications to endosomes.

PMID- 3413159
TI  - Co-fractionation of BHK-21 cell endosomes and lysosomes by free-flow
      electrophoresis.

PMID- 3413160
TI  - Purification of membranes enriched in rough endoplasmic reticulum domain by using
      a density perturbant.

PMID- 3413161
TI  - Separation of cell organelles and membrane vesicles by phase partition.

PMID- 3413162
TI  - Isolation of highly purified plasma membrane from hepatomas and cultured cells by
      two-phase partition.

PMID- 3413163
TI  - Use of biotinylated lectins and immobilized streptavidin for the specific
      isolation of surface glycoconjugates.

PMID- 3413165
TI  - Membrane traffic in plants.

PMID- 3413164
TI  - Analytical differential centrifugation of cell organelles.

PMID- 3413166
TI  - Isolated vacuoles and tonoplast vesicles as experimental tools to study solute
      traffic to and from vacuoles.

PMID- 3413167
TI  - Isolation by free-flow electrophoresis and identification of tonoplast and plasma
      membrane for studies of plant membrane traffic.

PMID- 3413168
TI  - Free-flow electrophoresis for preparation of plant membranes.

PMID- 3413169
TI  - Isolation of plasma and vacuole membranes from green leaves by preparative free
      flow electrophoresis.

PMID- 3413170
TI  - Association of a peroxidase to membranes of Pharbitis cotyledons.

PMID- 3413172
TI  - Experimental analysis of membrane traffic during secretion of scales in green
      algae.

PMID- 3413173
TI  - New developments in separation techniques.

PMID- 3413171
TI  - NBD-PC: a tool to study endocytosis and phospholipase activity in plant
      protoplasts.

PMID- 3413175
TI  - Reconstitution of membrane traffic in cell-free systems.

PMID- 3413174
TI  - A method to study the in vivo intermembrane transfer of lipids and fatty acids to
      the plasma membrane in higher plants.

PMID- 3413176
TI  - Reconstruction of organelle function in cell-free systems: introduction.

PMID- 3413177
TI  - Cell-free reconstitution of the insertion of a newly synthesised glycoprotein
      into the plasma membrane.

PMID- 3413178
TI  - Isolation of functionally distinct endosome subpopulations by free-flow
      electrophoresis.
AB  - We have described a novel analytical procedure for the one-step purification of
      endosome subpopulations based on their differing electrophoretic mobilities when
      subjected to free flow electrophoresis. This procedure offers several advantages
      over existing schemes for endosome purification. Highly enriched endosomes are
      recovered in high yield and remain intact, facilitating biochemical and
      functional analysis of endosome subpopulations. It is rapid, requiring less than
      2 hours to complete, and highly reproducible, thus facilitating detailed kinetic
      analysis of ligand transport through endosomal subpopulations. This technique can
      be easily scaled up to any degree enabling preparation of large quantities of
      early and late endosomes for further biochemical analysis and for antibody
      production. Our results have demonstrated the existence of at least two
      functionally and biochemically distinct, but kinetically related, subpopulations
      of endosomes.

PMID- 3413179
TI  - Analyses of membrane traffic and applications.

PMID- 3413180
TI  - Kinetics of internalization and recycling of cell-surface glycoproteins.

PMID- 3413181
TI  - Identification of antigen(s) specific to a 'late' endosome fraction.

PMID- 3413182
TI  - In vitro fusion of microlipid droplets from mammary gland.

PMID- 3413183
TI  - Endocytosis and subcellular distribution of transferrin in rat liver.

PMID- 3413185
TI  - Plasma membranes from amphibian epidermis: subfractionation by preparative free
      flow electrophoresis.

PMID- 3413184
TI  - Applications of endocytosis research to drug delivery.

PMID- 3413186
TI  - Free-flow electrophoresis: preparative applications to cell-free analyses of
      exocytotic membrane traffic.
AB  - Preparative free-flow electrophoresis provides a useful adjunct to conventional
      centrifugation methods with important applications to isolation of exocytotic and
      endocytotic compartments. With rat liver, Golgi apparatus subfractionation into
      cis, trans and median compartments is achieved. Simultaneous isolation of plasma
      membrane-, endoplasmic reticulum-, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria-, nuclear
      envelope- and possibly lysosome-enriched fractions is obtained with homogenates
      from cultured cells. Other applications include subfractionation of plasma
      membrane vesicles of differing charge (including separation of inside out and
      right side out vesicles), purification of endoplasmic reticulum, isolation of
      tonoplast (vacuole membranes) from plants and separation of Golgi apparatus
      membranes and dictyosome-like structures of spermatocytes. Of particular
      importance to cell-free systems for study of membrane trafficking are recent
      successes with preparative free-flow electrophoresis to obtain preparations of
      transition vesicles (those with nap-like but not clathrin-derived coats, coming
      from endoplasmic reticulum and thought to be responsible for delivery of
      materials to cis Golgi apparatus elements).

PMID- 3413187
TI  - [Colloid coupling and biological availability of local anesthetics. 3.
      Disaggregation with the use of hydrotropic substances].

PMID- 3413188
TI  - [Colloid coupling and biological availability of local anesthetics. 4. Local
      anesthetic action and improvement of biologic availability in the rabbit cornea].

PMID- 3413189
TI  - [Detection of pesticide residues in ethanol plant extracts].

PMID- 3413190
TI  - [Flavonoids and phenolic acids in Salvia horminum L. (Lamiaceae)].

PMID- 3413191
TI  - The urinary excretion of prostaglandins and thromboxane B2 in healthy volunteers:
      a study in males and females, and on the influence of seminal fluid
      contamination.
AB  - Radioimmunoassay measurements of prostaglandins (PGs) E2, F2 alpha, 6-keto-PGF1
      alpha and thromboxane (Tx) B2 in 24 h urine specimens from a male and a female
      healthy volunteer on several consecutive days revealed a dramatic increase of
      PGE2, PGF2 alpha, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha on days, upon which they had sexual
      intercourse; only TxB2 remained stable. Furthermore, the PGE2/PGF2 alpha ratio
      rose to values greater than 0.5 on days with sexual intercourse. This was found
      to be due to contamination of the urine samples by seminal fluid. Two 24 h urine
      samples from each of 26 healthy male and female volunteers (HV) revealed higher
      (p less than 0.01) mean PGE2 and PGF2 alpha values in males than in females. The
      results show that the interpretation of the urinary PG excretion as a measure of
      renal PG synthesis should be considered carefully, and that a PGE2/PGF2 alpha
      ratio greater than 0.5 indicates probable seminal contamination of urine.

PMID- 3413192
TI  - Therapeutic applications of prostanoids and essential fatty acids. Brief
      overview.

PMID- 3413193
TI  - Nicotine induced locomotor activity in rats: the role of Pavlovian conditioning.
AB  - Rats repeatedly exposed to small doses of nicotine will demonstrate a significant
      augmentation of locomotor activity in response to a subsequent test dose of
      nicotine. A sensitization of brain tissue is hypothesized to account for this
      effect but Pavlovian conditioning might also be a major factor. Therefore the
      present study assessed the possible role of Pavlovian conditioning in this
      nicotine effect. Two experiments were conducted. In the first, subjects were
      administered either saline or nicotine in either their home cages or in activity
      test cages for five days. All subjects were then tested in the activity test
      cages on day six. In the second experiment rats were administered either nicotine
      or saline in the presence of a complex stimulus and later tested for response to
      nicotine alone and the complex stimulus alone. Results from these experiments
      indicate that Pavlovian conditioning does not play a major role in nicotine's
      effect on locomotor activity.

PMID- 3413194
TI  - Influence of increasing concentrations of ethanol on food and water intake, body
      weight, and wheel-running of male Sprague-Dawley rats.
AB  - Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used to study the influence of increasing
      concentrations of ethanol on wheel-running, food and water intake and body
      weight. Animals were housed individually in screen-bottom cages (n = 12) or in
      activity wheel cages (n = 12). Half the animals in each activity condition
      received an ethanol-free liquid diet, and the remainder received liquid diet in
      which the concentration of ethanol was increased by 5% of energy intake per week
      to a maximum of 35%, at the expense of dextrin. Ethanol did not significantly
      affect total wheel-running, but was associated with decreased total food intake
      when it represented greater than or equal to 20% of energy (p less than 0.001).
      The decreased intake was restricted to the dark cycle, while light cycle intake
      was unaffected. Neither water intake nor body weight (with food intake as a
      covariate) were affected by ethanol. In contrast, wheel-running was associated
      with increased water intake and decreased body weight, but did not affect food
      intake. No interactions between activity and ethanol were detected. It is
      concluded that ethanol in the concentrations tested does not affect wheel-running
      in male rats, but does reduce food intake and may disrupt circadian food intake
      patterns.

PMID- 3413195
TI  - The effects of d-fenfluramine on saccharin intake and preference, and on food and
      water intake.
AB  - The effects of d-fenfluramine on saccharin intake and preference were examined to
      investigate whether the reduced rate of eating induced by this compound reflects
      a reduction in the palatability of foods. In two separate experiments, water
      deprived rats were offered a choice between a 0.05% solution of saccharin and
      water, or a 0.2% saccharin solution and water. Injection of d-fenfluramine at
      doses which reliably decreased food intake resulted in dose dependent reductions
      in total fluid intake and saccharin intake. A trend towards reduced water intake
      was observed also, and this together with the reduced saccharin intake resulted
      in no overall change in saccharin preference. In a further experiment, d
      fenfluramine reduced the water intake of water deprived rats to the same extent
      as it reduced total fluid intake in the choice tests. Since d-fenfluramine failed
      to alter saccharin preference, it is unlikely that the slowed eating rate induced
      by this compound indicates a reduction in food palatability. Instead, it is
      likely that this behaviour results from a subtle motor deficit, such that
      fenfluramine treated animals are unable to maintain ingestion at the same rate as
      non-drugged animals. This explanation could account for the reduction in the
      consumption of non-nutritive saccharin solutions and water in water deprived
      animals. The relevance of this action to the anorectic effect of fenfluramine is
      discussed.

PMID- 3413196
TI  - Effect of ethyl alcohol on thermoregulation in mice following the induction of
      hypothermia or hyperthermia.
AB  - This study was designed to assess the effects of ethyl alcohol (ethanol)
      administration on behavioral and autonomic thermoregulation in mice subjected to
      severe hypothermia or hyperthermia. Male mice of the BALB/c strain were injected
      intraperitoneally with ethanol at dosages of 0, 0.3, 1.0, or 3.0 g/kg and then
      placed within a hot environmental chamber to raise their body temperature to 41
      degrees C or, alternatively, within a cold chamber to lower it to 28 degrees C.
      Once the desired hypothermic or hyperthermic state was achieved, the mice were
      removed from the chamber and placed in either a temperature gradient to monitor
      behavioral thermoregulatory responses or in an environmental chamber
      thermostabilized at an ambient temperature (Ta) of 28 degrees C to monitor
      metabolic rate. The 3.0 g/kg dosage significantly affected behavioral
      thermoregulatory responses of the hyperthermic mice when initially placed in the
      temperature gradient. The ability to increase metabolic rate following
      hypothermia was significantly suppressed at 3.0 g/kg. Dosages of 1.0 and 3.0 g/kg
      inhibited metabolic rate of hyperthermic mice. Both hypothermic and hyperthermic
      mice given 3.0 g/kg of ethanol had colonic temperatures significantly below
      normal after placement in the temperature gradient and metabolic chamber. In
      conclusion, relatively large dosages of ethanol impair behavioral and autonomic
      thermoregulation and may lower the set-point for the control of body temperature
      in mice.

PMID- 3413197
TI  - Influence of exogenously administered oxytocin on the corticosterone and
      prolactin response to psychological stress.
AB  - Prolactin along with corticosterone is a stress responsive hormone. Evidence
      suggests that oxytocin (OXT) modulates not only ACTH secretion but also prolactin
      release. The present study was therefore designed to examine the possible role of
      oxytocin in the corticosterone and prolactin response to predictable and
      unpredictable novelty stress. Repeated stress and oxytocin treatment produced a
      substantial increase in corticosterone. A greater increase was obtained for the
      larger OXT dose (11.6 IU/kg) than for the smaller dose (5.8 IU/kg). In addition,
      for the smaller oxytocin dose only, unpredictable exposure to the novelty
      apparatus produced a more substantial increase in corticosterone than predictable
      exposure to the same stressor. In contrast, oxytocin produced a significant
      suppression of the prolactin response in all OXT treated animals. No significant
      interaction between stress and oxytocin was obtained. It was concluded that an
      important role exists for oxytocin in the modulation of both corticosterone and
      prolactin secretion.

PMID- 3413198
TI  - Gender determinants of opioid mediation of swim analgesia in rats.
AB  - Continuous cold-water swims (CCWS) and intermittent cold-water swims (ICWS)
      elicit respective nonopioid and opioid analgesic responses in adult male rats.
      The present experiment evaluated whether gender differences were observed in
      naloxone's (14 mg/kg, SC) ability to alter differentially CCWS and ICWS analgesia
      on the tail-flick and jump tests in age-matched and weight-matched intact rats
      and in gonadectomized rats. CCWS analgesia was unaffected by naloxone on either
      test in age-matched males and females. Naloxone significantly reduced ICWS
      analgesia on the tail-flick (45%) and jump (37%) tests in intact males, but not
      age-matched females. Naloxone significantly reversed ICWS analgesia in weight
      matched males on the tail-flick (1-14 mg/kg, 30-32%) and jump (14 mg/kg, 31%)
      tests. Naloxone also significantly reduced ICWS analgesia on the tail-flick (32%)
      and jump (41%) tests in castrated males, but not ovariectomized females. Changes
      in swim hypothermia could not account for the above effects. These data indicate
      gender differences in naloxone's differential modulation of swim analgesia, and
      reflect further differences in pain-inhibitory responses as a function of gender.

PMID- 3413199
TI  - Urinary excretion of p-hydroxylated methamphetamine metabolites in man. II.
      Effect of alcohol intake on methamphetamine metabolism.
AB  - The effect of drinking alcoholic beverages on methamphetamine metabolism was
      investigated in man. The subjects, 97 males and 9 females, were divided into
      three groups by evaluation of their urinary pH; i.e., acidic, subacidic and
      neutral groups. The subjects in each group were further divided into ethanol
      positive subjects and ethanol-negative subjects, depending on the presence or
      absence of ethanol in their urine. Gas chromatographic analysis showed the
      urinary concentrations of methamphetamine in the ethanol-positive subjects to be
      higher than those in the ethanol-negative subjects in both the acidic and
      subacidic urinary pH groups. Liquid chromatography, on the other hand, showed the
      urinary concentrations of p-hydroxymethamphetamine and p-hydroxyamphetamine for
      the ethanol-positive subjects to be lower than those for the ethanol-negative
      subjects in all three groups. The relative proportions of p-hydroxylated
      metabolites to unchanged methamphetamine in urine, therefore, were severely
      reduced in the ethanol-positive subjects. These results suggest that drinking
      alcoholic beverages probably results in a suppression of methamphetamine
      metabolism in man.

PMID- 3413200
TI  - Nicotine gum: chew rate, subjective effects and plasma nicotine.
AB  - Two studies were conducted to assess the effects of varying the rate at which
      single pieces of nicotine gum (4 mg) were chewed. In each study, six cigarette
      deprived volunteers were tested during four sessions. In each session, they were
      required to chew the gum for 10 min at varying rates; a variety of self-report
      and physiologic responses were recorded before and after chewing. All chewed gum
      was analyzed for amount of nicotine extracted, and blood samples were collected
      for nicotine analysis. Additionally, in Experiment 2, a measure of masticatory
      pressure was employed to assess the intensity of chewing and to empirically
      verify the number of chews. In both studies, we found a weak, but direct,
      relation between chew rate and the amount of extracted nicotine. Experiment 2
      revealed a probable cause of the weaker than expected "dose-effect" function:
      subjects showed compensatory changes in behavior by chewing slower than
      instructed in the high rate conditions, and by chewing faster than instructed in
      the low rate conditions. Thus, despite instructions to vary chew rates across an
      8-fold range, actual chew rate varied by only 2.2-fold. Intensity of chewing
      remained constant across conditions. Taken together, the findings suggest that
      rate of chewing nicotine gum can make a difference in the amount of nicotine
      extracted from the gum; however, compensatory changes in chew rate may attenuate
      attempts to systematically vary nicotine dose in this manner.

PMID- 3413201
TI  - The effect of chronic cocaine on self-stimulation train-duration thresholds.
AB  - The effect of chronic cocaine treatment on brain stimulation reward was assessed
      by examining self-stimulation train-duration thresholds. Following a predrug,
      saline injection period, cocaine hydrochloride (10 or 15 mg/kg) was injected (IP)
      across 18 consecutive days of testing. Cocaine lowered thresholds across the
      entire period of drug administration, with the magnitude of cocaine's effect
      remaining stable during this time. The subjects returned to predrug, saline
      levels during a postdrug test conducted immediately following chronic cocaine
      treatment. In a final attempt to modify cocaine's effects, the subjects received
      25 mg/kg cocaine HCl three times/day for three consecutive days. Subsequent
      testing at the original dosage levels revealed no change in the magnitude of
      cocaine's effect. It was concluded that cocaine's effect on brain stimulation
      reward does not show tolerance or sensitization with chronic use. Similar effects
      have been reported for morphine and amphetamine's effect on brain stimulation
      reward.

PMID- 3413202
TI  - Zolpidem-polysomnographic study of the effect of a new hypnotic drug in sleep
      apnea syndrome.
AB  - Clinical studies have shown that zolpidem, an original imidazopyridine
      derivative, induces and maintains sleep and does not have daytime side-effects.
      Polysomnography has revealed that this drug has several interesting qualities
      that benzodiazepines do not possess: stages 3-4 increase, stage 2 is unchanged or
      slightly reduced and no abnormal changes are detected on the EEG tracing. Like
      benzodiazepines, zolpidem slightly reduces REM sleep. The Multiple Sleep Latency
      Test confirmed that the drug does not cause daytime drowsiness. All the hypnotic
      drugs studied up to now worsen heavy snoring and obstructive sleep apnea
      syndrome. A controlled double blind cross-over trial assessed the effects of a
      single dose of zolpidem 20 mg on nocturnal breathing in patients with mild forms
      of sleep apnea syndrome. The results indicate that, at this dose, the drug does
      not overcome the existing contraindications to the use of hypnotics in this
      syndrome.

PMID- 3413204
TI  - 5HT2 receptors, depression and anxiety.
AB  - The distinction between non-psychotic repressive illness and anxiety states is
      blurred. Large scale trials in the neuroses indicate that benzodiazepines are
      ineffective in depression, and transiently and partially effective in anxiety. In
      contrast, tricyclic antidepressants are effective in both. All effective
      antidepressants decrease 5HT2 receptors number and this may mediate
      antidepressant efficacy. Our studies indicate that reduction of 5HT2 relative to
      5HT1 neurotransmission would reverse the neuroendocrine abnormalities we have
      described in depression. Reduced 5HT2 neurotransmission may also be a mechanism
      of anxiolytic action in view of 5HT theories of punishment. There is clinical
      evidence for anxiolytic and antidepressant action of selective 5HT2 antagonists.

PMID- 3413203
TI  - The relative efficacy of buspirone, imipramine and placebo in panic disorder: a
      preliminary report.
AB  - There is a need for safe effective alternatives to benzodiazepines in the
      treatment of panic disorder. Buspirone, a new nonbenzodiazepine anxiolytic, is
      compared to imipramine and placebo in the treatment of panic disorder in an 8
      week double-blind controlled study of 52 randomly assigned patients. Weekly
      assessments were made using the Hamilton Anxiety Scale, the Sheehan Clinician
      Rated Anxiety Scale, the Sheehan Patient Rated Anxiety Scale, the Phobia Scale,
      the Disability Scale, the Hamilton Depression Scale, the Montgomery Asberg
      Depression Scale, the Investigator Rated Global Improvement Scale and the Patient
      Rated Global Improvement Scale. Preliminary results of repeated measures Anovas
      are reported. Imipramine was superior to placebo on many of the outcome measures.
      Imipramine was superior to buspirone on the Patient Rated Global Improvement
      Scale and on the Investigator Rated Global Improvement Scale, but not on other
      measures. Although buspirone appeared to be more effective than placebo,
      differences were not statistically significant. Some buspirone patients did very
      well compared to others, suggesting a possible bimodal distribution of response.
      Patients on buspirone had fewer and less disruptive side effects than those on
      imipramine.

PMID- 3413205
TI  - Clinical notes on buspirone.
AB  - The main aspects of the recent development of non-benzodiazepine anxiolytic drugs
      are the following: the possibility of giving drugs with peculiar anxioselective
      profile and with no benzodiazepine side-effects; the possibility of
      discriminating the anxiolytic from the hypnotic activity; the possibility of a
      nosographic delimitation: buspirone is used mainly in the treatment of
      generalized anxiety disorders. All these factors point to the possibility of a
      guided or planned anxiolysis with a more active participation from the patients.

PMID- 3413206
TI  - Multiple and complex effects of buspirone on central dopaminergic system.
AB  - The effects of the anxiolytic drug buspirone and its metabolite 1-PP on the
      dopaminergic system were investigated. A single buspirone administration was
      found to decrease DA levels and increase its metabolite DOPAC in striatal
      samples. The levels of the other DA metabolite, 3MT, were unaffected; however its
      formation rate after inhibition of its metabolism, was found to be increased by
      buspirone. 1-PP did not affect either DOPAC or 3MT levels and formation. Striatal
      microdialysis showed that buspirone enhances DA release. In vivo voltammetry
      indicates that the increase of DA metabolism is identical in the two sampled
      dopaminergic areas, striatum and nucleus accumbens. On the basis of the results
      obtained ex vivo and in vivo the multiple effect of buspirone on dopaminergic
      system is discussed.

PMID- 3413209
TI  - Communications of 1st joint meeting of Hungarian and Italian Pharmacological
      Societies. Verona (Italy), September 29-30, 1988. Abstracts.

PMID- 3413208
TI  - Zopiclone, a cyclopyrrolone hypnotic: review of properties.
AB  - Zopiclone is a non-benzodiazepine hypnotic with a pharmacological spectrum of
      activity which resembles that of the benzodiazepines (BZD), but it binds to the
      GABA complex at a site different from the BZD receptor. Pharmacokinetic
      properties class ZPC in the category of hypnotics with intermediate-short half
      life (5-7 hours) and explain the low incidence of unwanted effects reported. The
      influence of zopiclone 7.5 mg on sleep architecture is minimal. In healthy
      volunteers, the amount of deep sleep is increased. No depressant effect on
      respiratory function and no rebound effect has been demonstrated.

PMID- 3413207
TI  - Variations of cyclic alternating pattern rate and homeostasis of sleep
      organization: a controlled study on the effects of white noise and zolpidem.
AB  - The Cyclic Alternating Pattern (CAP) is a physiologic structure of normal non-REM
      (NREM) sleep, functionally correlated to long-lasting arousal instability. In 12
      healthy volunteers, a continuous 45 dB (A) white noise induced no remarkable
      changes on the standard sleep parameters. However, compared to the baseline
      conditions, the acoustic perturbation determined a significant increase of the
      Cyclic Alternating Pattern Rate (CAPR), that measures the amount of CAP during
      sleep. Ten mg of zolpidem, a novel imidazopyridine hypnotic compound, did not
      modify the structure of unperturbed sleep, but induced a highly significant
      reduction of the increased values of CAP Rate due to white noise. The homeostatic
      function of CAP is stressed. CAPR appears to be a highly sensitive indicator of
      environmental modification during sleep.

PMID- 3413210
TI  - [Mercurimetric determination of cephalosporin antibiotics].
AB  - The conditions for a potenciometric estimation of cefuroxime, cefsulodin,
      cefotaxime and ceftriaxon with mercury(II) perchlorate after the previous
      reaction of the antibiotics with hydroxylamine were established. The
      mercurimetric determination was well reproducible with the relative error of the
      mean ranging up to 1% and the results are identical with the spectrometric and
      microbiological determination. There is no need to use a standard. With this
      technique only the content of effective antibiotic with an intact beta-lactam
      ring can be estimated. The method did not provide objective results for
      cefoperazone and cefoxitin. The direct determination of cephalosporin degradation
      products was verified for cefalexin, cefalothin, cefuroxime, cefsulodin and
      ceftriaxon.

PMID- 3413211
TI  - Studies of neutralizing properties of antacid preparations. Part 3: Constant pH
      neutralization of hydrochloric acid by hydrotalcite.
AB  - The neutralization reaction of hydrochloric acid by powdered hydrotalcite (HT)
      was studied by pH-stat method in the range of pH from 3.0 to 4.8. The
      neutralization process was examined by monitoring the appearance of aluminium and
      magnesium ions in the reaction medium, by determination of the chloride
      concentration in solution and by IR analysis of partially neutralized HT. The
      mechanism of acid neutralization of HT is discussed.

PMID- 3413212
TI  - Formulation and evaluation of nifedipine injection.
AB  - An attempt has been made to formulate a stable, aqueous injection of nifedipine
      (1) using the technique of hydrotropic solubilization. Sodium benzoate (2; 30%
      w/v) and sodium salicylate (3; 30% w/v) have been employed as the vehicle to
      prepare the injection of 1 in 1 mg/5 ml and 1 mg/2 ml concentration in either
      case. An accelerated stability study for 4 weeks at 8 degrees C, room
      temperature, 40 and 50 degrees C indicates maximum stability at 8 degrees C,
      suggesting the need of storage with refrigeration. Light stability study in the
      specially designed chamber indicates that covering the ampoules with black chart
      paper affords adequate stability to the 1 injection. The injections are also
      stable to autoclaving. Preliminary in vivo study in rats shows that the injection
      is effective.

PMID- 3413213
TI  - [Mechanism of the action of tenside on permeation through lipid membranes].
AB  - The permeability of lipid-collodium membranes is altered by the effect of
      cationic and anionic tensids. Then ionic and nonionic substances may permeate
      unselectively. This alteration is irreversible. Three ways of transport across
      membranes exists in presence of tensids: permeation by solubility into the lipid,
      transport into water on ionized groups of tensids and with water into micells of
      tensids, which permeate the membranes.

PMID- 3413214
TI  - Investigation of dressings designed for treatment of alveolitis sicca dolorosa.
      Part 4: Analysis of the mechanism of liberation of drugs from dressings in vivo.
AB  - Analysis of liberation of medical substances from dressing for treatment of dry
      tooth-socket proved that this process proceeds simultaneously to two receiving
      compartments. Liberation to saliva proceeds as in vitro conditions, whereas
      liberation to tissue of the tooth-socket is limited by the absorption rate. Based
      on measurements carried out in vitro one can predict the period of effectiveness
      of the dressings in vivo. It is evident that results of measurements in vitro can
      be correlated with those in vivo.

PMID- 3413215
TI  - The influence of ethanol on pharmacokinetic parameters of procainamide in
      rabbits.
AB  - The effect of ethanol on procainamide pharmacokinetics was investigated in
      rabbits. Procainamide was injected iv in a dose of 13 mg.kg-1 together with
      ethanol in doses of 0.1, 0.5 or 1.0 g.kg-1.h-1. In another experiment
      procainamide was given in a dose of 40 mg.kg-1 together with ethanol in a dose of
      1.0 g.kg-1 p.o. The third group of rabbits received procainamide in the form of 1
      tablet 0.25 g together with ethanol in a dose of 1.0 g.kg-1 p.o. Ethanol
      shortened biological half-life of procainamide elimination, increased the value
      of the rate constant of elimination and procainamide clearance. Concomitant oral
      administration of ethanol and procainamide decreased the peak plasma
      concentration and decreased the area under the drug level curve.

PMID- 3413216
TI  - [Renal actions of bendamustin (Cytostasan) in rats].
AB  - In adult rats influences of single doses of bendamustin (0.5, 1 or 5 mg/100 g
      b.wt. i.p.) on kidney function were measured (time of experimentation 8 d
      following administration). Bendamustin administration is followed by an increase
      of kidney weight caused by a higher water content of kidney tissue. An increase
      of plasma concentrations of creatinine and of urea following bendamustin (1 or 5
      mg/100 g b.wt. i.p.) indicates a reduced excretion capacity of kidney.
      Bendamustin administration is not connected with a distinct proteinuria. The
      highest administered does (5 mg bendamustin/100 g b.wt. i.p.) caused an oliguric
      effect connected with a distinctly reduced renal excretion of osmotically active
      substances. There is a distinct diminution of renal excretion of sodium following
      bendamustin administration and a decrease of renal excretion of PAH can be
      stated. It is most likely that bendamustin can reduce the glomerular function:
      Following administration of 1 mg bendamustin/100 g b. wt. i.p. CIn is reduced
      whereas a statistically significant increase of tubular transport capacity for
      organic anions can be measured (TmPAH).

PMID- 3413218
TI  - Effects of beta-casomorphin in isolated heart preparations.
AB  - beta-Casomorphin-5, a novel opioid peptide Tyr-Pro-Phe-Pro-Gly, was tested in
      isolated heart preparations of guinea pigs in comparison with other morphine
      related peptides and cardioactive drugs. The substance induced a dose-dependent
      change in the cardiac contraction force, showing a positive inotropic effect in
      low concentrations (10(-9) - 10(-7) mol/l) but a cardiodepressive action at
      higher doses (10(-7) - 10(-5) mol/l). Similarly, potentiation phenomena due to
      varied pacing rates of right-ventricular strips were enhanced at 10(-8) mol/l and
      lowered at 10(-6) mol/l beta-casomorphin-5. The coronary flow continuously
      increased. The observed changes of heart action were not mediated by opioid
      receptors: specifically acting opioid peptides were without influence and
      naloxone had no inhibitory effect. Peptides with similar sequences may exert a
      regulatory role in cardiac function, possibly mediated by an influence on the
      cellular calcium fluxes. The results may prove to be useful for the detection and
      estimation of more stable and cardioactive peptides.

PMID- 3413217
TI  - [The effect of nootropics on impared learning performance in a pole jumping test
      after repeated ethanol administration].
AB  - The influence of ethanol administration (4 ml of 10% ethanol/d p.o.) for 6 and 13
      d respectively, on learning behaviour of rats has been studied using an active
      avoidance reaction. While the formation of an active avoidance reaction was only
      insignificantly impaired by the application of ethanol for 6 d, the learning
      performance of rats showed a significant deficit after 13d of ethanol ingestion.
      Repeated nootropic pretreatment (d11 to 14 following first ethanol dose b.i.d.)
      resulted in an attenuation of learning deficits. The nootropics piracetam (100
      mg/kg i.p.) methyl-glucamine orotate (225 mg/kg i.p.), meclofenoxate
      hydrochloride (100 mg/kg i.p.), pyritinol (100 mg/kg i.p.) and dihydroergotoxine
      mesilate (1 mg/kg i.p.) showed to be effective. The possible mechanism of action
      is discussed.

PMID- 3413219
TI  - [The preparation of biologically active 1H-pyrid-2-ones of N-(2
      hydroxyethyl)acetoacetamide].

PMID- 3413220
TI  - [HPLC of 88 toxocologically relevant drugs in RP-column Separon SGX C 18].

PMID- 3413221
TI  - [Micromethod for detection of anticonvulsants with HPLC].

PMID- 3413222
TI  - Spectrofluorometric determination of tranexamic acid in pharmaceutical dosage
      forms.

PMID- 3413223
TI  - [Preparation, detection and pharmacokinetic behavior of pholedrine sulfuric acid
      esters. 3. Determination of free and bound pholedrine in urine].

PMID- 3413224
TI  - [Preparation, detection and pharmacokinetic behavior of pholedrine sulfuric acid
      esters. 4. Detection and determination of pholedrine sulfuric acid esters in
      urine].

PMID- 3413225
TI  - Spermicidal glycosides from Hedera nepalensis K. Koch (inflorescence).

PMID- 3413226
TI  - Behavioral and physiological aspects of body fluid homeostasis in Fischer 344
      rats.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that Fischer 344 rats, unlike many other strains,
      have neither a spontaneous preference for dilute NaCl solutions nor an excessive
      consumption of it after sodium depletion. The present studies examine some
      characteristics of water intake in Fischer 344 rats. Their spontaneous water
      intake was only about 50% of that of age-matched Sprague-Dawley rats, and the
      water-to-food ratio was about 30% lower. When water was added to the food,
      Fischer 344 rats decreased their fluid intake by a corresponding amount, whereas
      Sprague-Dawley rats continued to drink substantial amounts. In the absence of
      food, Fischer 344 rats reduced their water intake by a greater fraction than rats
      of the Sprague-Dawley strain. Physiological changes during these studies were as
      expected from the behavioral data, except that plasma protein concentration was
      consistently 10% higher in Fischer 344 rats. In contrast to this economy in their
      spontaneous drinking, water intakes of Fischer 344 rats were comparable to
      Sprague-Dawley rats in response to water deprivation, and administration of
      either hypertonic NaCl or angiotensin II, and in a sham-drinking paradigm.
      However, following treatment with either isoproterenol or polyethylene glycol,
      Fischer 344 rats drank considerably less than Sprague-Dawley rats. Possible
      reasons for, and implications of, these strain differences in drinking are
      discussed.

PMID- 3413227
TI  - Behavioral interactions rather than milk availability determine decline in milk
      intake of weanling rats.
AB  - We examined the relation between milk availability and milk intake during the
      period in which rat pups gradually abandon milk as a food source. The amount of
      milk produced by rat dams does not change from postpartum Day 15 to Day 20, but
      decreases thereafter and completely disappears around Day 30. In contrast, the
      amount of milk actually obtained by pups does begin to decline between Days 15
      and 20. This decline in milk intake can be attenuated by integrating 20-day-old
      pups into 15-day-old litters. We concluded that pups do not begin to ingest less
      milk because of diminishing milk supplies. Rather, the decreased tendency of
      mothers to nurse older pups and the diminished tendency of older pups to extract
      available milk, together appear to underlie the decline in pups' milk
      consumption. Milk supplies decline after changes in behavioral interactions and
      may play an instrumental role in the eventual abandonment of suckling.

PMID- 3413228
TI  - Effects of piracetam on learned helplessness in rats.
AB  - In rats, the effects of Piracetam (P), the prototype of nootropic drugs, were
      studied on a very widely used model of behavioral disturbance: the learned
      helplessness (LH) phenomenon. In this model, exposure to uncontrollable and
      unsignalled shocks impairs subsequent escape-avoidance learning. In a first
      experiment, this deficit was abolished by 200 mg/kg of P, and to a lesser extent,
      by a 100 mg/kg dose, administered before the training session. In non-stressed
      animals, no dose of P was able to have a facilitatory effect on escape-avoidance.
      In a second experiment, the administration of P, not before the training session
      as in Experiment I, but before the stress, had no effect on the LH phenomenon
      regardless of the dose.

PMID- 3413229
TI  - Effects of diet composition on food intake and carcass composition in rats.
AB  - Since most of the weight-reduced obese humans are in a protein deficit state,
      this study was designed to examine whether a high protein diet (HP) enhances the
      restoration of lean body mass and facilitates the maintenance of weight loss.
      Obesity in rats was produced by 16 weeks of high fat diet (HF) feeding. In the
      17th week, all HF-fed obese rats were fed a limited amount of control diet to
      normalize their body weights, but they still had more body fat content. The HF
      fed rats were then divided into subgroups with different diets offered for 5
      weeks: HP, HF or chow diet. A control group was fed the chow diet throughout the
      study. HP feeding maintained normal body weight and carcass composition in weight
      reduced obese rats by reducing feeding efficiency levels to within normal ranges.
      Weight-reduced rats fed a chow diet, however, had more fat mass than controls and
      HF feeding stimulated weight gain again. Therefore, a HP diet has a higher
      probability of enhancing weight loss maintenance in weight-reduced obese subjects
      than does a usual well-balanced diet.

PMID- 3413230
TI  - Transient facilitation and inhibition of sexual reflexes in female hamsters.
AB  - Artificial stimuli were used to study transient changes in responsiveness of
      female hamsters in natural estrus to tactile stimuli occurring during mating.
      Tactile stimulation just lateral to the vagina produces a transient facilitation
      of responses to stimulation of the contralateral side, while tactile stimulation
      of the midline produces a short-term inhibition of lateral movement in response
      to tactile stimulation. These short-term changes in responsiveness are probably
      an integral part of the basic sexual responses of the female hamster that
      contribute to insertion during copulatory attempts.

PMID- 3413231
TI  - Cimetidine-sensitive analgesia: investigation of the importance of stress-induced
      changes in arterial pressure.
AB  - Because previous studies have suggested that activation of baroreceptors could
      mediate stress-induced analgesia, the effect of acute exposure to footshock on
      mean arterial pressure (MAP) and pain sensitivity was simultaneously determined
      in conscious rats receiving the histamine H2 receptor antagonist cimetidine or
      vehicle. Continuous exposure to 3 min of inescapable footshock (3.5 mA)
      dramatically decreased pain sensitivity, with no increase in post-stress MAP,
      when compared to no shock controls. The histamine H2-antagonist cimetidine (100
      mg/kg, IP) had no significant effect on MAP in resting or stressed animals, but
      inhibited the stress-induced analgesia, showing that the antagonism of the
      analgesia is not mediated by modulation of post-stress MAP. Although footshock
      failed to elicit a significant increase in MAP, a highly significant correlation
      was found between individual analgesic scores and shock-induced pressure changes
      in animals treated with cimetidine; in animals receiving vehicle, no such
      correlation was observed, although the use of a cutoff in analgesic testing may
      explain this. These results suggest the existence of a stress-induced analgesic
      mechanism resistant to cimetidine, but associated with elevated MAP.

PMID- 3413233
TI  - Feeding and macronutrient selection patterns in rats: adrenalectomy and chronic
      corticosterone replacement.
AB  - To analyze further the role of corticosterone (CORT) in the control of feeding
      behavior, we examined the impact of adrenalectomy (ADX) and chronic CORT implants
      on the food intake and macronutrient self-selection patterns of adult male rats
      at different periods of the diurnal cycle. Consistent with a separate study of
      acute CORT injection in ADX rats (Kumar and Leibowitz, 1988), the present
      findings indicate that ADX significantly attenuated the rats' daily (24 hr)
      ingestion of all three macronutrients, namely, protein, carbohydrate and fat.
      However, food intake in the dark cycle, specifically during the first few hours
      after dark onset, was significantly more affected (-70%) than feeding in the
      later dark and light periods (-25%). Moreover, during this early dark time when
      circulating CORT level normally peaks, ADX appeared to have its strongest
      suppressive effect on carbohydrate ingestion. Chronic subcutaneous CORT implants
      in the ADX animals reversed these effects of surgery and generally restored the
      rats' eating patterns to that of the cholesterol-implanted SHAM animals. These
      findings suggest that CORT exerts a decisive influence on caloric intake, on the
      diurnal pattern of feeding, and on appetite for specific macronutrients. The
      impact of CORT on carbohydrate intake is apparent specifically during the active
      eating period, particularly at dark onset when endogenous CORT levels normally
      peak and carbohydrate is exhibited as the preferred macronutrient.

PMID- 3413232
TI  - d-Amphetamine enhances memory performance in rats with damage to the fimbria.
AB  - Rats were preoperatively trained on a 5-unit linear maze and were then subjected
      to fimbria lesions. The animals were then retested on the same task with one
      group of rats with fimbria lesions and a control group being injected daily with
      0.5 mg/kg d-amphetamine sulfate prior to testing. Lesions significantly impaired
      postoperative performance of the task, while amphetamine facilitated performance
      in fimbria lesioned rats. Due to an optimal learning of the task, performance of
      control animals was not significantly facilitated. These results raise several
      important issues including the mechanisms of functional recovery after brain
      lesions and the role of the hippocampal formation in learning and memory.

PMID- 3413234
TI  - Induction of conditioned taste aversion in rats by GABA or other amino acids.
AB  - GABA included in the diet is known to reduce food intake and growth of rats fed a
      low protein diet. Experiments were designed to determine if GABA or other small
      neutral amino acids would affect food intake if they were administered separately
      from the diet, and if such amino acids could induce a conditioned taste aversion
      (CTA) to saccharin. Intubated or injected GABA or alpha-aminoisobutyric acid
      (AIB), a non-metabolizable isomer of GABA, reduced food intake. When rats were
      fed a low protein diet, IP injection of threonine (2 mmoles/200 g rat) induced
      CTA but did not depress food intake; serine (3 mmoles/200 g rat) induced CTA and
      caused only a small reduction in food intake. Another isomer, alpha-amino-n
      butyric acid did not affect food intake or induce CTA at the tested
      concentrations. Adaptation to a high protein diet, which increases enzymatic
      degradation of many amino acids including GABA and serine, lessened severity of
      GABA-induced CTA and eliminated that caused by serine. CTA to saccharin can be
      induced by certain amino acids; the mechanism is unknown but may involve malaise
      or other adverse sensations.

PMID- 3413235
TI  - Competition between lever-pressing behavior and thermoregulatory behavior on
      exposure to heat in intracranial self-stimulating rats.
AB  - To investigate the relationship between the thermoregulatory system and the brain
      reward system, we examined effects of heat exposure and tail amputation on lever
      pressing behavior in intracranial self-stimulating rats. Rats that continuously
      pressed a lever voluntarily for 1 hour at an ambient temperature (Ta) of 22
      degrees C interrupted lever pressing and showed heat loss behaviors, such as
      grooming and body extension, at a Ta of 36 degrees C. Hypothalamic temperature
      (Thy) at the time of the first body extension was higher than that after 1 hour
      of lever-pressing at a Ta of 22 degrees C. Tail amputation experiments showed the
      same result. Thy at the onset of the body extension after tail amputation was
      higher than that at the end of 1 hour of lever-pressing under control conditions.
      The data suggest that thermal factors, especially Thy, are important in the
      control of lever-pressing behavior.

PMID- 3413236
TI  - Effects of current intensity on behavioral and autonomic heat-loss responses in
      intracranial self-stimulating rats.
AB  - We investigated the effects of current intensity on behavioral and autonomic heat
      loss responses in intracranial self-stimulating (ICSS) rats. At an ambient
      temperature (Ta) of 22 degrees C, the tail vasodilation during ICSS behavior
      began at higher hypothalamic temperature (Thy) at higher current intensity. At a
      Ta of 36 degrees C, body extension, a typical heat-loss response in rats,
      appeared during ICSS behavior and frequently interrupted lever pressing. When the
      body extension first began, Thy was elevated if current intensity was high. In
      experiments in which current intensity was varied between two levels at a Ta of
      22 degrees C, if current intensity was lowered after tail vasodilation began and
      Thy reached a steady level, the rat interrupted pressing the lever to lose heat
      through grooming or body extension. Rectal temperature (Tre) dropped in the
      process. If, on the other hand, current intensity was raised, the rate of lever
      pressing increased and Tre rose with tail vasoconstriction. The data suggest that
      the magnitude of the reward, as reflected in current intensity, affects both
      behavioral and autonomic heat-loss responses.

PMID- 3413237
TI  - No change in intermale aggression after amygdala lesions which reduce freezing.
AB  - Long-Evans rats with bilateral lesions in the area of the amygdala, or operated
      controls, were tested with strange male intruders into the subjects' home cages.
      Various measures of attack toward the intruder, including piloerection, lateral
      attack, on-top-of and biting showed no difference between the experimental and
      control animals. However, subjects with amygdaloid damage showed a substantial
      and significant reduction in freezing in the presence of a cat. This finding of
      reduced defensiveness to a predator is consistent with previous findings for
      amygdala lesions, while the failure to find decrements in conspecific offensive
      attack agrees with some, but not all, previous work in this area. The finding
      that a clear decrement in defense occurs in the same amygdala-lesioned subjects
      showing no suggestion of a reduction in offense adds to a body of data which
      indicates that offense and defense respond differentially to manipulation of a
      number of important neural and neurochemical systems.

PMID- 3413238
TI  - Elevated shock threshold in sexually receptive female rats.
AB  - Previous studies have found cyclic differences in wheel running, extinction of
      conditioned avoidance responses, and open field behavior as a function of the
      estrous cycle in rodents. The purpose of this study was to investigate possible
      sensory changes associated with estrus in rodents. Female rats were monitored for
      behavioral and physiological changes related to the estrous cycle. Using the
      method of constant stimuli and foot shock, jump thresholds were determined during
      the estrous cycle stages of sexual receptivity (proestrus) and non-receptivity
      (metestrus). A significantly higher jump threshold was demonstrated by animals
      during proestrus as compared to metestrus. Possible explanations for the failure
      of previous investigators to find attenuated sensitivity as a function of the
      estrous cycle are discussed.

PMID- 3413239
TI  - Life-span studies of dominance and aggression in established colonies of
      laboratory rats.
AB  - Six mixed-sex colonies of Long-Evans rats were observed at 100-day intervals from
      colony formation at 100 days of age until all colony members died. Long-term
      stable dominance relations were observed among males in four colonies while two
      colonies which had low initial levels of aggression continued to show low
      intracolony conflict at all ages and no clear dominance relationships. Agonistic
      interactions among females and between males and females were relatively
      infrequent and no dominance hierarchy among females was apparent. The aggression
      of resident males toward intruders increased from 201-601 days of age, but
      declined overall at age 701. Nevertheless, older males which fought intruders did
      so as readily as they had when they were young and the few animals that reached
      800 days of age continued to attack intruders. Although no systematic decline in
      total duration or intensity of offense was found across age, there was some
      evidence of impaired motor performance by older males.

PMID- 3413240
TI  - Altered preferences for sucrose, sodium chloride, urea and hydrochloric acid
      solutions in an animal model of cholestatic liver disease.
AB  - Preferences for sucrose, sodium chloride (NaCl), urea and hydrochloric acid (HCl)
      solutions (representing sweet, salty, bitter and sour stimuli) were examined in
      rats with bile duct ligation using 24-hr two-bottle choice tests. Preferences in
      bile duct ligated rats for sucrose and NaCl solutions were decreased relative to
      control animals in the initial stages following ligation (Days 1-5) and then
      increased in the later stages (Days 11-20). Preferences for both HCl and urea
      solutions were decreased briefly compared to control animals but showed no
      consistent pattern. The results provide the first demonstration for altered
      ingestive behavior in an animal model of liver disease and suggest that the bile
      duct ligated rat may be useful in studying mechanisms of chemosensory
      disturbances in human liver disease.

PMID- 3413241
TI  - The measurement and analysis of circadian locomotor activity and body temperature
      rhythms by a computer-based system.
AB  - A new computer-based system for collection and analysis of circadian body
      temperature and locomotor activity rhythms is described. This system makes
      possible the simultaneous measurements of body temperature and locomotor activity
      rhythms from 16 animals kept in separate cages. Several programs were developed
      for measurement and analysis of the data. This system is available not only in
      the study of circadian rhythms but also in other biological studies where long
      term recordings of rest-activity cycles and body temperature are required.

PMID- 3413242
TI  - Absence of metabolic acclimation to cycling temperature conditions in the
      goldfish.
AB  - Studies of whole organism metabolism have failed to confirm an effect of cyclic
      acclimation in fish while studies at the hematological level show clear changes
      due to cyclic thermal regimes. To reevaluate the effect of cycling temperatures
      on fish metabolism, oxygen consumption was measured in goldfish acclimated to
      either a constant temperature (28 degrees C) or a diurnal sinewave cycle (20-36
      degrees C). Fish from both acclimation conditions were tested at one of three
      temperatures (20, 28, 36 degrees C). Oxygen consumption increased with
      temperature but did so independently of the acclimation regime. Thus, cyclic
      acclimation did not alter metabolic sensitivity.

PMID- 3413244
TI  - Chronic bladder catheterization in the rat.
AB  - A technique for the implantation of a permanent polyethylene catheter into the
      bladder is described. The procedure permits collecting the subject's urine in
      arbitrary periods of time during at least four to six weeks.

PMID- 3413243
TI  - Two-way shuttlebox avoidance conditioning in three DAB rat stocks.
AB  - Avoidance conditioning in FH rats, characterized by a peripheral serotonin
      deficiency, was compared with that in two stocks presumed to be their ancestors,
      Long-Evans (LE) and Wistars (W). Escapes, conditional avoidance response (CAR),
      and activity (locomotion) of the animals were studied in a two-way shuttlebox. FH
      females made fewer escapes and more CAR's, and were more active than both LE and
      W females. The behavioral differences among the males of the three stocks were
      not statistically significant. A CNS serotonin deficiency may be involved in the
      conditioning and activity differences among the females of the three stocks.
      Possible variation between sexes should be considered in investigating levels of
      CNS serotonin in FH rats, as well as other stocks.

PMID- 3413245
TI  - Isolation-induced locomotor hyperactivity and hypoalgesia in rats are prevented
      by handling and reversed by resocialization.
AB  - Differences in locomotor activity in the open field were found between
      individually and group-housed rats (isol greater than soc). Daily handling,
      initiated at postnatal day 1, was without effect in group-housed rats but
      prevented the isolation-induced hyperactivity. For tail-flick latency, strikingly
      similar differences (isol greater than soc; prevention by handling) have been
      observed. The isolation-induced aberrations in both locomotor reactivity in a
      novel environment and in pain sensitivity could be reversed by subsequent
      resocialization. This indicates that the altered sensitivities to external
      stimuli are caused by the environmental manipulation.

PMID- 3413246
TI  - Aggression in adult female mice: chronic testosterone treatment induces attack
      against olfactory bulbectomized male and lactating female mice.
AB  - Ovariectomized adult female CFW mice were given a series of tests for fighting
      behavior against olfactory bulbectomized male and lactating female mice prior to
      (for 2 weeks), and during (for 4 weeks) chronic treatment with testosterone
      propionate. While ovariectomized, 40% attacked the lactating female and 13.3%
      attacked the olfactory bulbectomized male. While ovariectomized and testosterone
      treated, 73.3% attacked the lactating female and 60% attacked the olfactory
      bulbectomized male. However, during the initial 2 weeks of testosterone treatment
      there was an inhibition of attack against the lactating female. This was followed
      by a facilitation of attack against the olfactory bulbectomized male and the
      lactating female during the third and fourth weeks of testosterone treatment.
      When compared with a previous experiment showing that male mice, gonadally-intact
      or castrated and testosterone-treated, discriminate between these two stimuli
      (only the bulbectomized male is attacked), the present data do not support the
      notion that sexual differentiation of mouse aggression is due solely to the
      development of a limited sensitivity to testosterone in females.

PMID- 3413247
TI  - Defensive aggression and testosterone-dependent intermale social aggression are
      each elicited by food competition.
AB  - Castrated rats with medial hypothalamic lesions or sham lesions and castrated
      rats with testosterone implants or sham implants were placed on a 23-hr food
      deprivation schedule, adapted to a highly palatable liquid food, and then housed
      in pairs. The pairs were observed in competition for the highly palatable food
      over a 4-min period on each of six days. On the first three days, the food was
      dispensed in a way that allowed only one animal at a time to drink while during
      the second three days both animals could drink simultaneously. The pairs of
      animals were then separated, individually adapted to a bland liquid food, and
      paired with a different animal for a second series of competition tests. With
      highly palatable food as the incentive, rats made hyperdefensive by medical
      hypothalamic lesions were more successful at maintaining access to the food and
      more aggressive than their sham-lesioned competitors on tests when food access
      was restricted to a single animal but not on tests when both animals could drink
      simultaneously. With bland food as the incentive, lesioned animals were not
      consistently more successful in maintaining access to the food but were
      significantly more aggressive than their cagemates. With the highly palatable
      food, castrated males with testosterone implants were neither more successful in
      maintaining access to the food nor more aggressive than their cagemates with sham
      implants. However, when paired with an unfamiliar cagemate in preparation for
      competition tests with the bland food, most rats with testosterone implants
      attacked the new cagemate using a lateral attack and displaying
      piloerection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3413248
TI  - Sexual interactions between estrous female rats and castrated male rats treated
      with testosterone propionate or estradiol benzoate.
AB  - Estrous female rats display 'precopulatory behaviors' such as ear wiggling and
      hopping/darting when castrated males treated with testosterone propionate (TP)
      are placed in their vicinity and before copulatory interactions have taken place.
      Castrated males treated with estradiol benzoate (EB) do not elicit these
      precopulatory behaviors in advance of copulatory interactions. It therefore
      seemed of interest to study females' sexual behavior with castrated males treated
      with TP or EB when males or females had primary control over the temporal
      patterning of the behavior. Unrestrained sexual behavior (= male control) with EB
      treated males was characterized by large numbers of intromissions and long
      periods of time preceding ejaculation, as compared with interactions with TP
      treated males. The temporal pattern of sexual behavior did not change importantly
      when the males were tethered (= sexual behavior controlled by females). When
      given a choice between two sexually active castrated and tethered males, one
      treated with TP and the other with EB, estrous females 'preferred' EB-treated
      animals in various respects. Fewer interactions occurred with, and less time was
      spent in the vicinity of, TP-treated males over prolonged observation periods
      (115-135 min). The preference for EB-treated males disappeared, and TP- and EB
      treated animals became equally attractive, when the vaginal opening of the female
      animals was covered with adhesive tape to prevent the occurrence of penile
      intromissions during mounting. It is concluded that female control over
      copulatory behavior does not necessarily change the females' sexual
      behavior.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3413249
TI  - Effect of stressor intensity on habituation of the adrenocortical stress
      response.
AB  - Although it is known that the number of presentations of a stressor can influence
      the adrenocortical stress response, relatively little information exists on how
      stressor intensity affects this process. To evaluate this, we repeatedly
      presented rats with stressors of 3 different intensities and sampled blood for
      corticosterone. The first major finding was that the rat's initial adrenocortical
      responsiveness regardless of the stressor employed was a critical variable. Rats
      that showed a small corticosterone response showed no evidence of habituation or
      of differences due to stressor intensity. Rats that showed an initial robust
      response all showed partial habituation of their corticosterone response over
      time but the patterns varied with stressor intensity. Handled and prone
      restrained rats showed the same pattern but rats subjected to the more intense
      stressor of supine restraint showed delay in habituation and tonically elevated
      responses. These data indicate that individual differences in reactivity to
      stressors as well as stressor intensity can influence the pattern of the stress
      response over the course of repeated administration of the stressor.

PMID- 3413250
TI  - Plasma corticosterone levels during repeated presentation of two intensities of
      restraint stress: chronic stress and habituation.
AB  - This study measured plasma corticosterone levels in male rats during repeated
      daily presentations of two intensities of restraint stress. The corticosterone
      response to a stress session was defined as the change from pre-stress levels to
      levels after 60 minutes of restraint. With the relatively intense stress imposed
      by four limb prone restraint, the corticosterone response partially habituated
      over seven days due to increasing basal corticosterone levels. However, even on
      day 7, there was still a large corticosterone response. With the milder stress of
      immobilization in a tube, the corticosterone response did not habituate at all
      over 21 days of repeated stress despite rising basal levels. Stress levels of
      corticosterone did not show significant change over days in either of the two
      restraint groups. Further, rising basal corticosterone levels suggest that
      repeated restraint produced a chronic stress state in these rats which may vary
      in some qualitative way with stressor intensity. Control rats placed in the same
      room as the stressed rats during the two stresses initially had increased
      corticosterone levels that matched the levels achieved in the stressed rats. The
      responses in control rats for the intense stress did not habituate completely in
      7 days, whereas those in the control rats for the mild stress habituated
      completely within 3 days. These data suggest intraspecific communication of the
      intensity of stress.

PMID- 3413251
TI  - Acceleration of reproductive development in female Djungarian hamsters by adult
      males.
AB  - Housing young female Djungarian hamsters (Phodopus campbelli) with an adult male
      accelerates uterine and ovarian development and there is a strong relationship
      between uterine weight and ovarian measures (e.g., follicular size). Uterine
      weights of females housed with an adult male for 10 days following weaning are
      comparable to values from females housed alone for 25 days. Removal of endogenous
      androgens by castration eliminated the capacity of adult males to accelerate
      reproductive development in young females and treatment of castrated males with
      exogenous androgens maintained the production of the acceleratory chemosignal.
      When adult male urine and ventral gland sebum were examined as possible sources
      for the acceleratory chemosignal, only male urine had an acceleratory effect on
      reproductive development. Thus, female Djungarian hamsters respond with
      accelerated reproductive development to androgen-dependent chemosignals in the
      urine of adult males. These mechanisms are similar to those found in several
      other rodents but contrast with the lack of such effects in the golden hamster
      (Mesocricetus auratus).

PMID- 3413252
TI  - Site specific effects of acute exercise on muscle and adipose tissue metabolism
      in sedentary female rats.
AB  - The effects of endurance exercise on muscle, and adipose tissue metabolism were
      investigated. Female lean Zucker rats swam for two hours at high intensity. Three
      groups were examined: pre-exercise control (C), exercised (E) and 24 hours post
      exercise (E-24). Exercise increased fat cell lipolysis in the inguinal depot (p
      less than 0.05) while no effect was detected in the parametrial depot. In
      contrast, parametrial pad lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity decreased after
      exercise with 24 hours post-exercise values being reduced below E and C rats (p
      less than 0.05). Gastrocnemius LPL activity remained unchanged during exercise
      while heart LPL increased, E having higher values than C and E-24 (p less than
      0.05). Gastrocnemius, but not heart, citrate synthase activity increased with
      exercise, with E-24 values increased compared to E and C (p less than 0.05).
      These results demonstrate that adipose tissue's response to exercise is site
      specific, and suggests a distinct physiological role for different adipose
      depots. Muscle LPL and citrate synthase activities were modified differently for
      gastrocnemius and heart, confirming the distinct metabolic response to exercise
      of these two muscles.

PMID- 3413254
TI  - Quantitative relationship between the stimulus intensity and the response
      magnitude in the tail flick reflex.
AB  - The purpose of the present study was to investigate the quantitative relation
      between the stimulus intensity and the response magnitude of the tail flick
      reflex. The EMG of a tail muscle was recorded from the extensor caudae medialis
      (ECM) muscle in the side contralateral to heat stimulation, and the area of
      integrated EMG for 1 sec was measured as the magnitude of EMG activity. The
      minimum temperature to the onset of the EMG was 42.3 +/- 0.4 degrees C. The
      relation between the stimulus intensity and the magnitude of an integrated EMG
      followed a power function with an exponent of about 8.5. The magnitude of an
      integrated EMG was decreased by about 50% of the control by an intraperitoneal
      administration of morphine (0.5 mg/kg). These results suggest that tail flick
      reflex is closely related to painful sensation, and that EMG activity of the ECM
      muscle is applicable as an electrophysiological indicator to noxious stimulation
      of the tail and an expressible indicator of the magnitude of pain.

PMID- 3413253
TI  - Changes in macronutrient selection as a function of dietary tryptophan.
AB  - It has been hypothesized that the serotonergic system is involved in the
      regulation of carbohydrate and/or protein intake. Tests of this hypothesis using
      added dietary tryptophan and diets varying in the ratio of carbohydrate/protein
      resulted in depressed intakes of high carbohydrate/low protein diets, elevated
      intakes of low carbohydrate/high protein diets, and a reduction of total caloric
      intake. The present studies gave rats increased options for adjusting to added
      tryptophan by providing them with separate sources of protein, carbohydrate, and
      fat. The results showed the expected decrease in carbohydrate intake, but also
      increases in fat intake and, to a lesser extent, protein intake. Total caloric
      intake was conserved. Hypothalamic concentrations of serotonin and 5
      hydroxyindole acetic acid indicated increased activity of the serotonergic
      system. These results lend support to serotonin's involvement in nutrient
      selection, in that carbohydrate consumption decreased in response to tryptophan
      loading, but indicate that other nutrients may also be affected. Given the option
      of altering fat intake, the animals maintained a constant caloric intake despite
      the reduction of carbohydrate consumption.

PMID- 3413255
TI  - Lipectomy does not impair fattening induced by short photoperiods or high-fat
      diets in female Syrian hamsters.
AB  - Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) exhibit seasonal fluctuations in body fat
      that are triggered by changes in photoperiod and/or diet. Body fat accumulates
      when hamsters are switched to a short photoperiod or high-fat diet. The effects
      of surgical reduction of adipose tissue (lipectomy) on these responses were
      tested in adult female hamsters. Dorsal-inguinal subcutaneous, parametrial, and
      retroperitoneal white adipose tissues were removed bilaterally from some
      hamsters, while others received sham surgery. Hamsters from each surgical group
      were then fed a high-fat diet for the next 12 or 30 weeks, or were exposed to a
      short photoperiod for 13 weeks. Restoration of previously excised pads was for
      the most part incomplete, yet all lipectomized hamsters fully regained total body
      lipid, which suggests compensatory hypertrophy in other depots. Consistent with
      this, we found a significant increase in the weight of the previously undisturbed
      axillary subcutaneous pad, but this increase was small and not sufficient to
      offset the deficits remaining in the regenerated pads. Thus, restoration of total
      body lipid mass was achieved by a general increase in deposition over all depots
      rather than a specific renewal of removed tissue. This ability to recover
      completely from lipectomy is similar to that previously reported in ground
      squirrels. In contrast, rats and mice are frequently unable to replace lost
      adipose tissue. Both hamsters and squirrels adjust their levels of body fat
      according to season, which may afford them an enhanced ability to recover from
      surgical reductions of adipose tissue.

PMID- 3413256
TI  - Exercise and brain catecholamine relationships with brown adipose tissue and
      whole-body oxygen consumption in rats.
AB  - Brown Adipose Tissue (BAT) is thought to maintain caloric homeostasis by
      increasing its metabolic rate during periods of energy surfeit or low
      environmental temperatures and decreasing it during periods of deprivation or
      high environmental temperatures. The present study investigated the relationship
      of BAT and whole-body metabolic rate with negative energy balance induced by a
      minimally stressful exercise regimen. Twenty-four rats exercised in a running
      wheel for 2 hours per day for 8 weeks for food reinforcement either under a
      variable ratio or variable time schedule. Whole-body oxygen consumption and the
      thermic effect of a test meal were then measured, the rats sacrificed, BAT weight
      and oxygen consumption measured, and the brains assayed for catecholamines. Food
      intake was found to be positively correlated with expenditure either in the form
      of exercise, overnight weight loss, or BAT metabolic rate. Brain dopamine
      concentrations were found to be related to BAT metabolic rate which was in turn
      related to the amount of weight lost overnight and the amount of food intake.
      Running was positively correlated with BAT metabolic rate, suggesting that brown
      adipose tissue is not simply an organ of caloric homeostasis or thermoregulation.
      BAT, then, appears to be a multi-purpose tool used by a number of systems which
      regulate body temperature and energy metabolism.

PMID- 3413257
TI  - Improvement of shuttle-box avoidance following post-training treatment in
      paradoxical sleep deprivation platforms in rats.
AB  - The effects of post-training paradoxical sleep deprivation (PSD), via the
      platform method, on acquisition and long-term retention (LTR) of shuttle-box
      avoidance were studied in Wistar rats. Animals had a daily training session for 5
      days (acquisition), following which each rat was placed for 5 hr either on a
      small platform (7 cm) surrounded by water (PSD group) or on a large platform (16
      cm) surrounded by water (Yoked control group), or was given no treatment (Dry
      control group). Another identical training session (LTR test) was also given to
      every subject 14 days after the last acquisition session. The treatment on the
      large platform (Yoked animals) improved learning in successive training sessions.
      A similar but not statistically significant improvement was also observed in the
      PSD group. In the LTR test, the PSD animals tended to decrease performance as
      compared with the conditioning level achieved in the previous acquisition
      session. Locomotor and emotional changes produced by PSD and PSD procedures are
      ruled out as the cause for these findings. We suggest that arousal produced by
      both PSD and PSD procedures could have improved the acquisition of the
      conditioning, whereas PSD per se could have been detrimental for LTR of the
      learned response.

PMID- 3413258
TI  - Feeding and drinking patterns in young pigs.
AB  - Feeding and drinking patterns of six immature female pigs, weighing from 10 to
      130 kg, operantly obtaining feed and water at a fixed ratio of 10, were
      determined. It was found by log survivorship analysis that 10 min was the minimum
      interbout interval defining separate eating bouts. As the pigs grew through this
      weight range, daily feed intake increased nearly threefold, while eating bout
      frequency fell from 14 to 7 per day; consequently both eating bout size and
      interbout interval increased. However, bout size was increased primarily by an
      increased rate of eating during bouts without any consistent increase in bout
      duration. Neither premeal nor postmeal intervals were correlated with meal size.
      Of the pigs' daily water intake, 75% was closely associated with eating bouts and
      over 1/3 of this (25%) was preprandial. Sixty-four percent of daily food intake
      and 68% of water intake was during the 12-hr light period. Nocturnal eating bouts
      were less frequent, but larger.

PMID- 3413259
TI  - [Poisoning by the hallucinogenic mushroom hikageshibiretake (Psilocybe
      argentipes)--with special reference to subjective experiences during psilocybin
      poisoning].

PMID- 3413261
TI  - [Note apropos of the classification of mental disorders in child
      psychopathology].
AB  - The need for a classification of problems observed in child psychiatry goes hand
      in hand with the desire to standardize diagnostics. This classification must be
      reliable, valid, broken down into various criteria and supplemented with a
      glossary. The triaxial classification used at the Alfred Binet Center, the
      changes suggested by WHO (ICD-10) are brought up because of their unquestionable
      advantages. Review of DSM-III. Critical study of the usefulness of suggested
      scales to explain the clinical approach to cases.

PMID- 3413260
TI  - [On-the-spot survey of the involuntarily hospitalized].

PMID- 3413262
TI  - [The classification of pervasive developmental disorders and other disorders:
      toward the DSM-IV].
AB  - Forty years after Kanner's groundbreaking work and many publications later, the
      outlook for children with autism has not changed markedly. Progress in
      understanding the etiology, let alone in developing new approaches for treatment,
      has been extremely slow for this and other serious, early onset disturbances.
      Historically, disagreements over diagnosis and syndrome definition have impeded
      research efforts. Indeed, in many cases it is impossible, on reading research
      reports of even a decade ago, to know exactly what population was being studied.
      DSM-III has broken new ground in its emphasis on developmental disorders viewed
      within a multiaxial diagnostic scheme. Increased diagnostic precision should
      facilitate the application of rigorous bio-behavioral research methods, which, in
      turn may help increasingly to define homogeneous populations. Refinements of
      nosology should not be mere academic exercises. Rather, they should suggest
      hypotheses which are amenable to empirical test. DSM-III, in addition to pointing
      the way out of the era of psychiatric Babel, has suggested empirical studies
      which have challenged its assumptions. In the field of nosology, this should be
      considered a major criterion of success. Changes in nomenclature, while sorely
      needed, should be undertaken with appropriate skepticism and conservatism and
      should build upon the foundation provided by DSM-III.

PMID- 3413263
TI  - [Functional and ontogenetic aspects of the interactions of the child with his
      peers during the first 3 years].
AB  - From 5 or 6 months of age until the end of their 3rd year of life, the children,
      all having the same peers, were studied. This study shows that: 1. A child has
      diverse and relatively complex competence in communicating with its peers, well
      before the age of one. 2. From 6 to 36 months of age, there is a progressive
      change of importance in the different kinds of behavior for the child, relating
      to developmental factors and ways of interacting between the child and its
      family. 3. A child's interactions with its peers doesn't necessarily come about
      through objects. 4. Most of the child's interactions seem to come from basic or
      pivotal behaviors, which seem to work as behavioral organizers.

PMID- 3413264
TI  - [Epistemologic perspectives for a nosography in child psychiatry].
AB  - The author tries to question psychiatric nosography based on references. To do
      so, after defining nosography as well as psychiatric and medical nosography, he
      studies two ideas of thought. The first is a causal medical way dealing with
      child schizophrenia as developed in Eastern European psychiatry, whereas the
      second deals with the structural psychopathological way which describes the
      concept of child psychosis, the dominant way of dealing with child psychiatry in
      France.

PMID- 3413265
TI  - [A French classification of mental disorders in children and adolescents].
AB  - A French classification of child and teenage mental problems is presented. It is
      biaxial; a glossary is included. The motives and options that went into its
      creation and differences with existing classifications are specified.
      Equivalencies with CHO project ICD-10 have been set up. The results of a first
      trial by child psychiatrists are commented on.

PMID- 3413266
TI  - Relationship of resting blood pressure and heart rate to experienced anger and
      expressed anger.
AB  - Forty-five nonmedicated subjects rated on analog scales the anger they
      experienced at home and at work (Experienced Anger). They also rated the extent
      to which others were aware of their anger (Expressed Anger) and the extent to
      which anger had been expressed in their families or origin (Family Expressed
      Anger). They were then physiologically monitored during a 2-min relaxation period
      that followed habituation to the laboratory setting. For the group as a whole,
      Expressed Anger was inversely related to systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood
      pressure while Family Expressed Anger was inversely related to SBP only. When the
      sample was divided into normotensive and hypertensive subgroups, the
      normotensives showed significant associations between Experienced Anger and SBP,
      Expressed Anger and DBP, and Family Expressed Anger and SBP. The hypertensive
      subgroup showed no significant associations. Both males and females showed a
      significant association between Expressed Anger and DBP, but only females showed
      this relationship with SBP. It is concluded that coping with anger by conscious
      inhibition of its expression is associated with increases in both systolic and
      diastolic blood pressure.

PMID- 3413268
TI  - Familial aggregation of blood pressure and heart rate responses during behavioral
      stress.
AB  - Parent-offspring and sibling resemblances in blood pressure and heart rate
      responses to behavioral stress were evaluated in a sample of 142 families
      residing in an upper-middle-class community in the Pittsburgh metropolitan area
      between 1983 and 1985. The sample consisted of 121 daughters and 96 sons ranging
      in age from 7 to 18 years, and 141 mothers and 119 fathers ranging in age from 31
      to 62 years. Three stressors were presented to all participants: serial
      subtraction, mirror image tracing, and isometric handgrip exercise. Multivariate
      analyses of the stress responses were based on maximum likelihood estimations of
      the magnitude of association, which provided collective significance tests, and
      were adjusted for familial resemblance of resting pressure and heart rate as well
      as body mass index. These analyses showed significant parent-offspring and
      sibling associations in resting blood pressure and body mass index, which
      replicate those found in previous epidemiological investigations. The novel
      findings in this study were the sibling similarities in heart rate responses to
      mirror image tracing and in systolic blood pressure responses to isometric
      handgrip exercise. An analysis of a subset of the sample--only those nonmedicated
      parents compliant with instructions not to smoke or drink caffeinated or
      alcoholic beverages for 3 hr prior to testing and their children--showed a parent
      offspring resemblance in systolic blood pressure responses to isometric exercise.
      This analysis, along with the significant sibling association from the full
      sample, suggests that systolic blood pressure responses to static exercise might
      aggregate in the family. The results are discussed in light of previous twin
      data. The relative paucity of significant parent-offspring associations of
      physiological parameters during serial subtraction and mirror image tracing tasks
      implies that non-familial influences are most important in determining
      cardiovascular responses to psychological stress.

PMID- 3413267
TI  - Hostility as a risk factor for mortality and ischemic heart disease in men.
AB  - We report the association between hostility and the incidence of ischemic heart
      disease (IHD) in 3,750 Finnish men aged 40-59. Hostility was assessed from self
      ratings on irritability, ease of anger-arousal, and argumentativeness, and four
      groups were formed from the summed hostility ratings. At baseline, the age
      adjusted relative risk (RR) of the prevalence of angina pectoris between the
      highest and lowest hostility groups was 2.88 (95% confidence limits (CL), range
      1.71-4.77). A three-year follow-up yielded 65 deaths and 109 IHD-incident cases.
      Hostility did not predict IHD among healthy men, but among men with previous IHD
      and hypertension (N = 104), the age-adjusted RR of IHD between the highest and
      lowest hostility groups was 12.9 (95% CL, 3.92-42.6). After standardization for
      smoking, obesity, heavy alcohol use, and snoring, the RR was 14.6 (95% CL, 1.94
      110). When the degree of dyspnea at baseline was also standardized, the RR was
      21.1 (95% CL, 1.59-282). Our data suggest that extreme hostility is not a
      consequence of symptom severity; rather, hostility is a strong determinant of
      coronary attack among hypertensive men with IHD.

PMID- 3413269
TI  - "John Henryism" and blood pressure in a Dutch population.
AB  - In a stratified, random sample of 100 men and 100 women, aged 20-59 years,
      residing in Zutphen, the Netherlands, the hypothesis was tested that high scores
      on "John Henryism," a strong behavioral predisposition to cope actively with
      psychosocial environmental stressors, would be associated with higher blood
      pressure, especially among persons of lower education. In univariate analyses
      higher scores on John Henryism were strongly associated with higher blood
      pressures in men. Among women there was only an association of John Henryism and
      systolic blood pressure, but this association was no longer statistically
      significant after adjustment for potential confounders such as age, alcohol
      consumption, physical activity, Quetelet Index, and education. Among men,
      however, the association between John Henryism and systolic blood pressure
      remained statistically significant after adjustment for potential confounders.
      The association between John Henryism and blood pressure was more pronounced for
      men of low educational background.

PMID- 3413270
TI  - Self-awareness, alcohol consumption, and reduced cardiovascular reactivity.
AB  - Seventy-two healthy males were divided into Type A and Type B groups using the
      Jenkins Activity Survey. Subjects were subdivided further into high and low self
      awareness categories on the private self-consciousness factor of the Self
      Consciousness Scale. After random assignment to consume alcohol (0.85 g/kg) or a
      placebo, subjects were exposed to four stressors presented at random: a self
      disclosing speech, aversive noise, insoluble anagrams, and mental arithmetic.
      Blood pressure, heart rate, and finger pulse amplitude were monitored throughout.
      Among the major findings was increased systolic blood pressure (SBP) reactivity
      during the speech among Type As low in private self-consciousness. Alcohol
      dampened autonomic responsiveness only in this group. When self-involvement was
      measured as the ratio of first-person pronouns to total words spoken during the
      speech, sober Type As displayed a strong correlation between self-references and
      SBP reactions during the speech and arithmetic tasks. Alcohol attenuated the
      correlation, resulting in SBP response dampening, but it did not affect pronoun
      use. These results have implications for the study of individual differences in
      cardiovascular reactivity, sensitivity to alcohol effects, and the relation of
      alcohol consumption to coronary heart disease.

PMID- 3413271
TI  - Mechanisms of myocardial ischemia induced by epinephrine: comparison with
      exercise-induced ischemia.
AB  - The role of epinephrine in eliciting myocardial ischemia was examined in patients
      with coronary artery disease. Objective signs of ischemia and factors increasing
      myocardial oxygen consumption were compared during epinephrine infusion and
      supine bicycle exercise. Both epinephrine and exercise produced myocardial
      ischemia as evidenced by ST segment depression and angina. However, the
      mechanisms of myocardial ischemia induced by epinephrine were significantly
      different from those of exercise. Exercise-induced myocardial ischemia was marked
      predominantly by increased heart rate and rate-pressure product with a minor
      contribution of end-diastolic volume, while epinephrine-induced ischemia was
      characterized by a marked increase in contractility and a less pronounced
      increase in heart rate and rate-pressure product. These findings indicate that
      ischemia produced by epinephrine, as may occur during states of emotional
      distress, has a mechanism distinct from that due to physical exertion.

PMID- 3413272
TI  - Emotional fainting and the psychophysiologic response to blood and injury:
      autonomic mechanisms and coping strategies.
AB  - This experiment was designed to examine the psychophysiologic response pattern
      associated with emotional fainting. A survey was carried out among students, from
      which 30 volunteers who reported that they felt faint at the sight of blood or
      injury were recruited, together with 26 nonfainters. Blood pressure, heart rate,
      and respiration rate were monitored while subjects viewed a film depicting open
      heart surgery and a neutral control film. Parasympathetic cardiac control was
      indexed by respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), and coping was assessed by
      questionnaire. Responders (n = 17, group FPOS) were defined by a positive survey
      rating plus marked lightheadedness during the surgery film, and they were
      compared with nonresponders (group FNEG). Group FPOS showed a classic diphasic
      response with increases in heart rate and systolic blood pressure early in the
      surgery film followed by decreases in both variables, and the pattern was
      significantly different from that found in group FNEG. Data from three subjects
      who fainted corroborate these observations, although there were marked individual
      differences in response. The two groups did not differ in RSA, although RSA was
      smaller in both groups early in the surgery film than at other points. The
      positive fainting response group reported focusing their attention on bodily
      sensations, while those who showed little distress used intellectual coping
      strategies. The results are discussed in terms of the psychophysiologic
      mechanisms involved in fainting.

PMID- 3413274
TI  - Medicine and epistemology. Health, disease and transformation of knowledge.
      Perugia, Italy, 17-20 April, 1985. Proceedings.

PMID- 3413273
TI  - Exercise training in healthy type A middle-aged men: effects on behavioral and
      cardiovascular responses.
AB  - Thirty-six healthy Type A men (means = 44.4 years) were randomly assigned to
      either an aerobic exercise training group or a strength and flexibility training
      group. Subjects completed a comprehensive psychological assessment battery before
      and after the exercise programs consisting of behavioral, psychometric, and
      psychophysiological testing. The behavioral assessment consisted of repeated Type
      A interviews that were videotaped for subsequent component analyses. The
      psychometric testing included two self-report questionnaires to assess Type A
      behavior. The psychophysiological test consisted of a standard behavioral
      challenge, a mental arithmetic task, performed while cardiovascular responses
      were monitored. Aerobic exercise (AE) training consisted of 12 weeks of
      continuous walking or jogging at an intensity of at least 70% of subjects'
      initial maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) as determined by an initial treadmill
      test. Strength and flexibility (SF) training consisted of 12 weeks of circuit
      Nautilus training with no aerobic exercise. After 12 weeks of exercise, the AE
      group increased their VO2max by 15%, while the SF group did not change. Both
      groups experienced decreases in overt behavioral manifestations of the Type A
      behavior pattern and self-reported Type A traits. However, the AE group showed an
      attenuation of heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and estimated
      myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) during the task and had lower blood
      pressure, heart rate, and (MVO2) during recovery. In contrast, the SF group
      showed a significant reduction only in DBP during the task, which was likely due
      to habituation. These results support the use of aerobic exercise as a method for
      reducing cardiovascular risk among healthy Type A men.

PMID- 3413275
TI  - [Medicine and epistemology: transformation of knowledge of health and disease].

PMID- 3413276
TI  - The mind-body problem in medicine (the crisis of medical anthropology and its
      historical preconditions).

PMID- 3413277
TI  - The cultural reasons underlying this meeting.

PMID- 3413278
TI  - [Possible computed tomographic and magnetic resonance tomographic detection of
      wood foreign bodies following perforating eye injuries].
AB  - After perforating eye injury the retention of a foreign body in the orbits has to
      be excluded. Wooden foreign bodies mostly have negative density on CT, which
      increases later as a result of granulomatous changes. On MRI, pieces of wood
      appear with low signal intensity, and only in some cases is a collar-shaped
      structure recognizable, allowing differentiation from gas. Soon after orbital
      trauma with splinters of wood, therefore CT allows better differentiation of
      pieces of wood from intraorbital gas by measurement of their density, whereas
      MRI, makes it possible to demonstrate wooden foreign bodies in older injuries in
      spite of granulomatous changes.

PMID- 3413279
TI  - [Piso-triquetral arthrosis and the so-called pisiform secundarium].
AB  - After scapho-trapezial osteoarthritis, piso-triquetral is the next most common.
      Some of the various changes of the piso-triquetral osteoarthritis are also to be
      seen in the dorso-volar view. The so-called secondary pisiform is not a
      congenital variant but develops with increasing frequency in older age as one of
      the features of the osteoarthritic reactions.

PMID- 3413280
TI  - Nurse punishes patient: termination.

PMID- 3413281
TI  - Nurse "fails to recall": blockbuster judgment. Case in point: Salas v. Wang (846
      F. 2d 897--NJ 1988).

PMID- 3413282
TI  - Legal case briefs for nurses. FL.: hospital's insurer sues nurse: indemnity; FL.:
      patient jumps from roof: agency sued.

PMID- 3413283
TI  - Agency nurses and vicarious liability. Case in point: Joyce v. National Medical
      Registry, Inc. (524 N.E. 2d 243--IL 1988).

PMID- 3413284
TI  - Angiographic observations in idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia.
AB  - Twenty-four patients with idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia were treated by
      neurovascular decompression surgery. All patients underwent preoperative
      vertebral angiography. After surgery, the vertebral angiograms of these patients
      were retrospectively reviewed. In 23 of the 24 patients, the superior cerebellar
      artery (SCA) and/or the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) compressed the
      trigeminal nerve. In the remaining case, no such compression by vessels was
      observed. On review of the angiograms, most of the compressing arteries, and the
      sites and numbers of compression points could be identified. Most of the caudal
      points of the SCAs which did not compress the trigeminal nerve were located
      higher than the compression points of the SCAs. It was therefore concluded that
      vertebral angiography is useful in the preoperative evaluation of compressing
      arteries. Since superimposition of arteries could be avoided, the straight AP
      projection was the most valuable of the three projections employed.

PMID- 3413285
TI  - Spine-sparing postmastectomy irradiation.
AB  - Postoperative irradiation of the chest wall and regional lymphatics following
      mastectomy for operable breast carcinoma is an effective means of reducing the
      chance of postoperative locoregional recurrence. The majority of patients who
      fail will ultimately develop bony metastases, especially in the thoracic and
      lumbar spinal regions. Our technique of postoperative irradiation avoids exit
      irradiation of the spine. This is important for patients who may later develop
      bony metastases or epidural spinal cord compression and require spinal
      irradiation. The details of the technique are presented.

PMID- 3413287
TI  - Ir-192 brachytherapy by an afterloading technique: initial experience at the
      National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo.
AB  - Twenty-nine patients with various tumors treated by 192Ir brachytherapy at the
      National Cancer Center Hospital from 1977 to 1984 were reviewed. Of 10 patients
      with carcinoma of the extrahepatic bile duct, three with carcinoma of the urinary
      bladder, and three others with various tumors, none showed locally controlled
      disease. Two of six patients with recurrent brain tumor, three of five with skin
      tumor and two with carcinoma of the female genital tract showed locally
      controlled disease. Although the effectiveness of this mode of treatment needs to
      be more clearly demonstrated, it is easily applied to clinical practice and is at
      least as effective as radium 262 implantation.

PMID- 3413286
TI  - Classification of the 16,471 patients treated by radiation therapy from 1962 to
      1986, and crude five-year survival rates of patients in each category of
      radiotherapy treatment from 1962 to 1978 in the National Cancer Center Hospital.
AB  - The summation and classification of patients registered for planned radiation
      therapy in the 24-year period from 1962 to 1986, in the Department of Radiation
      Therapy, National Cancer Center Hospital, are reported. Patients numbered 16,471,
      and total sessions of treatment were 26,175. The ratio of the two figures, 1.58,
      is the average number of treatment sessions per patient. Peak age was 61-65
      years' old and 56-60 years old, respectively for males and females. The most
      frequent primary site of disease for radiation therapy was the head and neck,
      followed by trachea, bronchus and lung, crevix uteri, breast, and esophagus.
      Frequency of squamous cell carcinoma was 38.0%; that of adenocarcinoma was 20.9%.
      Radical treatment was performed in 32.0% of patients in the first session, but
      this figure decreased to 24.7% for all sessions. There were many cases of
      secondary and primary palliative treatment, i.e., 31.8%. Radiotherapy was done in
      70% of patients by megavoltage X-ray, with 9.4% treated by electron beam. Crude 5
      year survival rates for each classification of malignant disease respective to
      the category of treatment policy from 1962 to 1978 were obtained. Among the
      radical treatment group, head and neck tumors, skin cancer, and Hodgkin's disease
      showed 5-year survival rates greater than 50%.

PMID- 3413290
TI  - Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee Working Group on International Projects.
      Minutes of meeting February 1, 1988.

PMID- 3413288
TI  - New technique of determining the irradiated field for esophageal cancer by using
      an endoscope and a simulator.
AB  - An endoscope was used with a simulator to determine the irradiated field of small
      cancer lesions in the esophagus. This technique allowed immediate determination
      of the irradiated field for small lesions in the esophagus.

PMID- 3413289
TI  - 99m-Tc HMDP bone scintigraphic findings of gouty arthropathy of both hands:
      extending soft tissue uptake adjacent to the joints.
AB  - The 99mTc hydroxy methylene diphosphonate scintigraphic findings of both hands
      are correlated to the radiographic findings in a patient with a 30-year history
      of gouty arthropathy. Scintigraphic differentiation of the type of arthritis on
      the basis of uptake pattern is difficult. However, the findings of rheumatoid
      arthritis are confined to the joints and usually the involvement is symmetrical.
      With gout there is a tendency toward asymmetrical, bilateral, multifocal joint
      involvement with areas of intense abnormal uptake; because of the associated soft
      tissue swelling, the intense uptake usually extends beyond the involved joints.

PMID- 3413291
TI  - Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee Working Group on Transgenic Animals. Minutes
      of meeting March 28, 1988.

PMID- 3413292
TI  - The fasting and food-stimulated serum gastrin concentration in 151 duodenal ulcer
      patients compared to 41 healthy subjects.
AB  - The basal and postprandial serum gastrin concentrations (SGC) were compared
      between 151 duodenal ulcer (DU) patients and 41 non-dyspeptic volunteers. All DU
      patients had an eventful history and were submitted to us for surgery. The basal
      SGC was significantly higher in DU patients (40 +/- 30 vs 17 +/- 8 pg/ml). The
      peak post-prandial SGC was also significantly higher (123 +/- 83 vs 52 +/- 28
      pg/ml) and the integrated gastrin output twice as high as in healthy subjects
      (5311 +/- 3879 vs 2554 +/- 1995 pg/ml x min; P less than 0.01). A statistically
      significant linear correlation for fasting and maximal postprandial SGC was
      found. No statistically significant interrelation between gastrin and acid
      parameters existed. In the DU patients no differences in SGC were found according
      to age. Fifteen patients complained of nonalimentary vomiting as part of their
      ulcer symptoms. They had significantly higher SGC although no differences in acid
      secretion were found. No significant differences in gastrin or acids were related
      to ulcer complications.

PMID- 3413293
TI  - Isolation and sequence of rat peptide YY and neuropeptide Y.
AB  - Rat peptide YY and rat neuropeptide Y have been isolated in parallel from colon
      and brain extracts respectively, using salt fractionation, gel filtration
      chromatography, cation-exchange HPLC, and reverse phase phenyl-silica HPLC.
      Immunoreactivity was identified using a combination of 3 NPY immunoassays which
      exhibit differing cross-reactivities for PYY (90%, less than 0.01% and 30%
      respectively). The yield at the final purification step was 1.2 nmol rPYY and 0.5
      nmol rNPY. Half of each purified peptide was subjected to complete microsequence
      analysis. This showed that while rat NPY was structurally identical to human NPY,
      the sequence of PYY from rat colon was the same as porcine PYY isolated from
      extracts of duodenum.

PMID- 3413294
TI  - Plasma levels of 7B2 (a novel pituitary polypeptide) and its molecular forms in
      plasma and urine in patients with chronic renal failure: possible degradation by
      the kidney.
AB  - Plasma immunoreactive (IR)-7B2 was measured in patients with chronic renal
      failure (CRF), using a specific radioimmunoassay. The mean (+/- S.E.M.)
      concentration of plasma IR-7B2 in CRF patients under hemodialysis (502 +/- 36
      pg/ml, n = 27) was significantly higher than that in normal subjects (men, 52.9
      +/- 1.7 pg/ml (n = 179); women, 55.8 +/- 1.3 pg/ml (n = 198]. Significant
      correlations between plasma levels of IR-7B2 and those of blood urea nitrogen,
      creatinine and beta 2-microglobulin were evident in non-dialyzed CRF patients. In
      the analyses of pooled plasma and urine obtained from normal subjects on gel
      permeation chromatography, a major peak of IR-7B2 was observed at an apparent
      molecular weight of 20,000 in the plasma, and at a position of a smaller
      molecular weight in the urine. These results suggest that 7B2 is degraded mainly
      in the kidney and that measurement of plasma 7B2 may serve as an appropriate tool
      for assessing renal function.

PMID- 3413295
TI  - Comparison of the effects of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and 4-norleucine-NPY on
      isolated perfused rat hearts; effects of NPY on atrial and ventricular strips of
      rat heart and on rabbit heart mitochondria.
AB  - Isolated perfused rat hearts were used to compare the effects of the synthetic
      neuropeptide Y (NPY) and 4-norleucine-NPY on cardiac function. Each peptide
      exhibited both negative inotropic and chronotropic effects, and also caused
      coronary vasoconstriction leading to a reduction in coronary flow. A comparison
      of the IC50 values from dose-response curves using 10(-14) to 10(-7) M peptides
      (IC50 is the peptide concentration that produced a 50% decrease of the maximal
      effect) indicated that NPY was more potent as inhibitor of contractility and less
      potently inhibited coronary flow and heart rate, whereas 4-norleucine-NPY had
      more inhibitory influence on coronary flow and heart rate and less on cardiac
      contractility. This difference in potencies suggests that the inhibitory effects
      of NPY on contractility, coronary flow and heart rate may be independent of each
      other. Since NPY also decreased the contractile force of isolated left atrial and
      right ventricular strips of the rat heart, the coronary flow decrease cannot be
      the cause of the negative inotropy of isolated heart. Pretreatment of atrial and
      ventricular strips with NPY did not influence the positive inotropic effect
      produced by the cardiac glycoside ouabain indicating that sarcolemmal Na+, K+
      ATPase was not involved in the inhibitory inotropic effect of NPY. Further
      studies towards elucidating the mechanism of the negative inotropy of cardiac
      muscles using isolated heart mitochondria revealed that NPY uncoupled oxidative
      phosphorylation and blocked mitochondrial calcium uptake; the former event
      fosters negative inotropy. Since these effects on mitochondria occurred at
      concentrations 100-fold higher than those required for negative inotropy, the two
      effects of NPY may not be related.

PMID- 3413296
TI  - Distribution, quantitation, and origin of immunoreactive neuropeptide Y in the
      human gastrointestinal tract.
AB  - A radioimmunoassay for measurement of immunoreactive neuropeptide Y has been
      developed using antiserum from a rabbit (221) immunized with porcine neuropeptide
      Y. Antibody 221 has been characterized for both sensitivity and specificity. To
      determine the distribution of neuropeptide Y in the human gastrointestinal tract,
      fresh tissue specimens were separated by microdissection into the muscularis
      externa and the mucosa-submucosa. To examine the origin of neuropeptide Y in
      human colon, specimens of aganglionic and ganglionic colon were obtained from
      patients with Hirschsprung's disease. Immunoreactive neuropeptide Y in human gut
      was present in highest concentrations in the muscularis externa of the stomach
      and in lowest concentrations in the muscularis externa of the ileum and
      descending colon. Neuropeptide Y in the stomach was present in higher
      concentrations in the muscularis externa than in the mucosa-submucosa, but in the
      descending colon there were lower concentrations of neuropeptide Y in the
      muscularis externa than in the mucosa-submucosa. In Hirschsprung's disease,
      concentrations of neuropeptide Y were increased in aganglionic colon in both the
      muscularis externa and the mucosa-submucosa, compared to corresponding layers
      from proximal ganglionic colon. Extracts of the gastric muscularis externa and
      the colonic mucosa-submucosa were separated by C18 reverse-phase high-performance
      liquid chromatography. One major immunoreactive species was identified by
      radioimmunoassay which eluted in a position similar to synthetic human
      neuropeptide Y. These results demonstrated both regional and layer differences in
      concentrations of neuropeptide Y in human gut. Increased concentrations of
      neuropeptide Y in aganglionic colon from Hirschsprung's disease most likely
      result from enlargement of neuropeptide Y-containing extrinsic nerve fibers in
      both the mucosa-submucosa and the muscularis externa.

PMID- 3413297
TI  - Effect of different calcium modulators on motilin-induced contractions of the
      rabbit duodenum. Comparison with acetylcholine.
AB  - Motilin and acetylcholine (ACh) have a direct contractile effect on rabbit small
      intestinal smooth muscle. To explore the role of calcium influx in these
      contractions, we studied the effect of extracellular calcium concentration and of
      calcium antagonists on the response of longitudinal muscle preparations from
      rabbit duodenum. Motilin- (10(-7) M) and ACh- (10(-4) M)-induced contractions
      were abolished in Ca2+-depleted medium. ACh (10(-4) M) or motilin (10(-8) and 10(
      7) M) increased the contractile response to added Ca2+ to 130 +/- 6%, 129 +/- 10%
      and 145 +/- 5% of the maximal response to Ca2+ added alone (10 mM in a cumulative
      concentration response curve). The sensitivity to Ca2+ was greater in the
      presence of ACh and motilin (EC50 = 1.0 and 1.1 mM Ca2+) than in the absence of
      any agonist (1.7 mM). In cumulative concentration response (CCR) curves for
      motilin and ACh, pD2'-values were 7.0 and 6.6 for diltiazem, 8.4 and 7.8 for
      verapamil (two calcium entry blockers), 5.6 and 5.2 for TMB-8 (an inhibitor of
      intracellular calcium), 5.3 and 5.2 for TFP (a calmodulin-antagonist). All CCR
      curves showed metactoid-like action of the antagonistic drugs. We conclude that
      ACh and motilin cause calcium to enter the smooth muscle cell. They are probably
      operating via separate channels, and use a mechanism which differs from K+
      induced influx. Intracellular calcium stores appear to play a minor role in these
      contractions.

PMID- 3413298
TI  - [Synthesis of carbon-14 labeled 1-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-4-(2,3,4
      trimethoxybenzyl)piperazine dihydrochloride (14C-KB-2796)].
AB  - Benzyl-14C-1-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-4-(2,3,4-trimethoxybenzyl) piperazine
      dihydrochloride (14C-KB-2796), a new cerebral vasodilator, was synthesized in
      order to investigate the metabolic fate. The synthesis of carboxy-14C-2,3,4
      trimethoxybenzoic acid (IV) was accomplished by the reaction of 2,3,4
      trimethoxybromobenzene (II) with ter-butyllithium followed by carboxylation with
      14C-carbon dioxide generated from 14C-barium carbonate. Formyl-14C-2,3,4
      trimethoxybenzaldehyde (VI) was prepared by the reduction of the methyl ester of
      IV. The free base of 14C-KB-2796 was obtained by the condensation of VI with
      bis(4-fluorophenyl)methyl-piperazine, and converted to I. An overall
      radiochemical yield from 14C-barium carbonate was 39%, the specific activity was
      1,816.7 MBq/mmol (49.1 mCi/mmol) and its radiochemical purity was 99% in reverse
      isotope dilution analysis and thin layer chromatographic method.

PMID- 3413299
TI  - [Analogs of alicyclic alpha-amino acids--effect of ring size and side chain on
      tumor accumulation].
AB  - We studied the tumor-localizing characteristics of alicyclic alpha-amino acid
      analogs (a-j) without alpha-hydrogen, because of the selective affinity of
      synthetic nonmetabolizing amino acids such as 1-aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid
      (ACPC) and alpha-aminoisobutyric acid alpha-AIB) to tumor tissues. Ten different
      alicyclic alpha-amino acids (a-j) were labeled with 14C using a modified Bucherer
      synthesis for amino acids. The tissue distributions and whole-body
      autoradiographic study of these 14C-labeled alicyclic alpha-amino acid analogs (a
      j) were investigated in mice bearing Ehrlich tumor. These results showed that the
      tumor uptakes and tumor to tissue concentration ratios increased with decreasing
      ringsize in homologous series (8- through 4-membered ring systems) and alicyclic
      alpha-amino acid analogs containing 3- or 4-methyl group had the higher tumor to
      tissue concentration ratios. On the other hand, alicyclic alpha-amino acid
      analogs containing 2-methyl group and 4-phenyl group showed the lower tumor
      uptakes and the lower tumor to tissue concentration ratios. These results suggest
      that the small ringsize alicyclic alpha-amino acid analogs containing 3-methyl
      group such as 3-methyl-1-aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid (3-MeACPC) may be
      effective for the early detection of tumors.

PMID- 3413300
TI  - [Measurement of regional cerebral blood flow by 133Xe inhalation method in
      patients with ruptured aneurysm].
AB  - Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured in 20 patients with ruptured
      aneurysm. rCBF images are obtained by 133Xe inhalation method using a ring type
      gamma camera (SET-020, Shimazu Co.) with high sensitivity collimator.
      Examinations are performed at acute stage (1-7 days after onset) and at subacute
      stage (8-14 days after onset). In acute stage, rCBF in the affected cerebral
      hemisphere has tendency to be low in 12 patients with angiospasm after the
      aneurysmal rupture comparing to those in patients without angiospasm. Low rCBF
      areas in cerebral hemisphere at acute stage were apt to become normal in subacute
      stage. rCBF measurement by 133Xe inhalation method seemed to be an useful method
      to evaluate rCBF in patients with ruptured aneurysm.

PMID- 3413302
TI  - [On the validity of the new practical dose equivalent introduced to the Japanese
      legislation system].

PMID- 3413301
TI  - [Influences of serum magnesium on measurements of serum parathyroid hormone].
AB  - The amino sequence recognizable parathyroid hormones (PTH) in lower and non-lower
      magnesemic groups in randomized samples were measured by using various kinds of
      the well established PTH kits. The levels of carboxy terminal, mid-region and
      intact PTH in lower magnesemic group were more decreased than these in non-lower
      magnesemic group. It is likely that the shortage of magnesium in serum makes a
      suppression of PTH secretion.

PMID- 3413303
TI  - [The action of bupivacaine-HCl following supraclavicular plexus block in patients
      with chronic kidney insufficiency].
AB  - A reduced duration of activity of local anesthetic drugs in patients with chronic
      renal failure has been described by several authors. Because surgical duration is
      not always predictable and these patients must be classified as high-risk
      patients (ASA physical status III-IV), reduced effectiveness may be a significant
      problem in clinical practice. Various reasons have been discussed as possible
      explanations for this phenomenon such as: (1) uremia-induced changes in acid-base
      status of blood and tissue, (2) alterations in protein-binding; and (3) changes
      in hemodynamic parameters. However, we have not been able to find any severe
      changes in electrolyte or acid-base status in patients with chronic renal failure
      after adequate hemodialysis. We wondered, therefore, whether changes in tissue pH
      might be one cause of the shorter duration of action of anesthetic drugs. We also
      examined some other pharmacokinetic parameters after administration of the
      anesthetic drug in order to find differences in comparison to healthy patients.
      Supraclavicular brachial blockade (3 mg/kg bupivacaine 0.5% + 0.1 IU
      vasopressin/ml) was performed in 11 patients with chronic renal failure requiring
      hemodialysis who were admitted to the hospital for a shunt operation in the
      forearm. The control group consisted of 11 healthy patients who were admitted for
      minor hand surgery. Preoperative blood samples were taken for measurement of
      blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, serum electrolytes, lactate, hemoglobin
      and hematocrit, and an arterial blood gas duration of action was defined as the
      time to full recovery of sensitivity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3413304
TI  - [Continuous spinal anesthesia using bupivacaine. Report of experiences].
AB  - Continuous spinal anesthesia has not yet found general acceptance, although it is
      a simple and efficient method. Its main advantage is allowing a reliable block to
      be built up step by step while carefully monitoring the cardiovascular changes.
      Postspinal headache can be avoided by restricting the use of elderly patients. At
      our institution, continuous spinal anesthesia has been administered to geriatric
      high-risk patients for more than 6 years. We report our experience from the year
      1986. PATIENTS AND METHODS. Over a 1-year period continuous spinal anesthesia was
      used for 157 patients with a mean age of 80.4 years (Fig. 1). Of these patients
      111 (70.7%) were classified as ASA 3-5 (Fig. 2). In 2 cases a myocardial
      infarction dated back only 4 and 11 days. The most common indications for surgery
      were hip fractures (97, 61.8%) and vascular occlusions (37, 23.6%). An 18G Tuohy
      needle was used for lumbar puncture. The catheter (Portex minipack) was advanced
      3-6 cm into the subarachnoid space. Plain bupivacaine 0.5% was injected in small
      increments until the desired block level was achieved. The catheters were removed
      immediately after surgery. RESULTS. In 155 of 157 cases surgery was completed
      under regional anesthesia. Two patients had to be intubated intraoperatively (1
      unexpected laparatomy during vascular surgery, 1 with insufficient block for
      lumbar sympathectomy). The main technical problem was impossibility to advance
      the catheter into the subarachnoid space despite free flow of CSF (5 cases). For
      these patients single-shot spinal (4 cases) or epidural anesthesia (1 case) was
      used.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3413305
TI  - [The monitoring of sympathetic activity following stellate ganglion block].
AB  - Variations in skin resistance are an indicator of a patient's sympathetic nerve
      activity. To record these variations, a mobile measuring system was developed.
      Even if this method is not yet used as a clinical routine, it could be helpful in
      studying the effects of nerve blocks in anesthesia. It seems to be advantageous
      for estimating the effectiveness of a block, the stress of the patient, and for
      recognizing very early reactions of a patient's sympathetic system. METHOD. An
      objective sign of a successful and sufficient block should be diminishing and
      finally the total lack of skin reaction amplitudes if the block is total. This
      was measured in a patient (male, 30 years old, nonsmoker, calm type) who suffered
      from a sudden loss of hearing on the left for four consecutive days when his left
      stellate ganglion was blocked. The effectiveness of the block was estimated from
      a two-channel measurement of skin reactions. On one channel the skin resistance
      of the blocked left side was recorded and on the other, unblocked skin areas of
      the right side were measured simultaneously. RESULTS. Although all four blocks
      were successful, which was evidenced by a Horner syndrome as well as elevated
      skin temperature 1-2 min after the injection of 7 ml bupivacaine (C6/C7), in all
      four cases residual sympathetic activity could be measured. In Fig. 1, the
      diminishing amplitudes of channel A as compared with channel B demonstrate this
      finding after the onset of a block at 2:03 p.m. An interpretation of skin
      reactions generated by a series of action potentials is given.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3413306
TI  - [A bipolar electrode with a radial asymmetrically aligned electric field. A new
      principle of nerve localization in regional anesthesia and pain therapy].
AB  - Electrostimulation is a common method of nerve localization. To improve the nerve
      stimulating needle, we developed a new bipolar nerve-stimulating electrode with a
      more convenient extension of its electric field. Figure 1a shows the new nerve
      stimulating needle; in Fig. 1b a longitudinal section is depicted. A hollow
      cannula (1) is surrounded by an isolator (5) that separates the internal
      electrode (1) from the external electrode (6). The surface of the latter is also
      covered by an isolator (8). Two cables, (2) and (7), connect the electrodes to a
      nerve stimulator. Syringes and tubes can be connected to the needle by using the
      attached part (4). Figs. 2a and b show top- and side views of the needle's sharp
      end. Except for small parts of the internal (1) and external electrode (2), both
      electrodes are covered by isolation (3). This arrangement leads to the radially
      asymmetric extension of the electric field. Studies with animal nerve-muscle
      preparations showed that the density of the electric field is higher, and thus
      electrostimulation can be carried out with up to 75% lower impulse amplitude as
      compared with insulated monopolar electrodes. The main advantage of the new
      arrangement of electrodes, however, is the dependency between revolution of the
      nerve-stimulating needle on its axis and the evoked muscle response. Muscle
      potentials measured by electromyography and respective degrees of needle torsion
      are shown in Fig. 3 (black circles: bipolar radially asymmetric electrode, white
      circles: insulated monopolar electrode).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3413307
TI  - Dioxin: are we safer now than before?

PMID- 3413308
TI  - The need for risk assessment legislation.

PMID- 3413310
TI  - Using the biological two-stage model to assess risk from short-term exposures.
AB  - Two assumptions used in risk assessment are investigated: (1) the assumption of
      fraction of lifetime dose rate assumes that the risk from a fractional lifetime
      exposure at a given dose rate is equal to the risk from full lifetime exposure at
      that same fraction of the given dose rate; (2) the assumption of fraction of
      lifetime risk assumes that the risk from a fractional lifetime exposure at a
      given dose rate is equal to that same fraction of the risk from full lifetime
      exposure at the same dose rate. These two assumptions are equivalent when risk is
      a linear function of dose. Thus both can be thought of as generalizations of the
      assumption that cancer risk is proportional to the total accumulated lifetime
      dose (or average daily dose), which is often made to assess the risk from short
      term exposures. In this paper, the age-specific cumulative hazard functions are
      derived using the two-stage model developed by Moolgavkar, Venzon, and Knudson
      for situations when the exposure occurs during a single period or a single
      instant. The two assumptions described above are examined for three types of
      carcinogens, initiator, completer, and promoter, in the context of the model. For
      initiator and completer, these two assumptions are equivalent in the low-dose
      region; for a promoter, using the fraction of lifetime risk assumption is
      generally more conservative than that of the fraction of lifetime dose rate
      assumption. Tables are constructed to show that the use of either the fraction of
      lifetime dose rate assumption or the fraction lifetime risk assumption can both
      underestimate and overestimate the true risk for the three types of carcinogens.

PMID- 3413309
TI  - A cellular dynamics model of experimental bladder cancer: analysis of the effect
      of sodium saccharin in the rat.
AB  - To make the methodology of risk assessment more consistent with the realities of
      biological processes, a computer-based model of the carcinogenic process may be
      used. A previously developed probabilistic model, which is based on a two-stage
      theory of carcinogenesis, represents urinary bladder carcinogenesis at the
      cellular level with emphasis on quantification of cell dynamics: cell mitotic
      rates, cell loss and birth rates, and irreversible cellular transitions from
      normal to initiated to transformed states are explicitly accounted for. Analyses
      demonstrate the sensitivity of tumor incidence to the timing and magnitude of
      changes to these cellular variables. It is demonstrated that response in rats
      following administration of nongenotoxic compounds, such as sodium saccharin, can
      be explained entirely on the basis of cytotoxicity and consequent hyperplasia
      alone.

PMID- 3413311
TI  - [Diabetic neuropathies].

PMID- 3413312
TI  - [Generalized Castleman's disease associated with Kaposi's sarcoma].

PMID- 3413313
TI  - [Haemophilus endocarditis].

PMID- 3413314
TI  - [Mass in the posterior chest wall in a patient with chronic bronchitis].

PMID- 3413315
TI  - [Technological advances and internal medicine].

PMID- 3413316
TI  - [Erythema nodosum and pregnancy].

PMID- 3413317
TI  - [Multiple intracerebral hemorrhages in tricuspid staphylococcal endocarditis].

PMID- 3413319
TI  - [The irresistible rise of malaria in Spain].

PMID- 3413320
TI  - [Hypothyroidism and sideroblastic anemia].

PMID- 3413318
TI  - [Primary empty sella turcica associated with diabetes insipidus and campimetric
      defect].

PMID- 3413321
TI  - [Drug addiction, tuberculosis and infection with the human immunodeficiency
      virus].

PMID- 3413322
TI  - [Epidemiologic study of traffic accidents occurring among the inhabitants of
      Algeria].
AB  - An observation area was created in Algiers to improve both epidemiological
      knowledge of traffic accidents and the national information system. Carried out
      cooperatively by the police and the hospitals of the area, our cohort study
      revealed a high annual incidence (700 per 100,000) of traffic accidents among
      residents of Algiers. Children between 5 and 9, adolescents, young adults and
      people over 60 are the most vulnerable. Older persons and children are for the
      most part pedestrians. Fractures of lower limbs are relatively numerous and
      account for 10% of all registered injuries. Moreover, 92.1% of injuries,
      corresponding to the highest AIS in each part of the body affected, are either
      minor or moderate. The severity of injuries seems to be independent of age, sex
      and category (pedestrians, motorcyclists, etc.) of the road user. The ISS, which
      is correlated to the duration of hospital stay, gives much the same results. Only
      by linking the data from the different information sources can one perceive the
      various facets of the problem in an overall manner. However, even before
      accumulating highly refined data certain actions are manifestly urgent. One of
      them is an improved organization of traumatology in order to reduce lethality of
      injuries.

PMID- 3413324
TI  - Beer consumption and rectal cancer.

PMID- 3413323
TI  - [Premature mortality in France: relative importance of the main causes of death
      according to the number of years of life lost].
AB  - The importance of major causes of deaths in France have been studied for 1972 and
      1982, using years of potential life lost before age 65 and in relation to life
      expectancy. These indicators of premature mortality have been compared to death
      rates. Unintentional injuries and malignant neoplasms are the two main causes of
      mortality before age 65. There is an important excess mortality for males,
      particularly for unintentional injuries. Total premature mortality declined
      between 1972 and 1982, but cancer mortality for males and suicide and chronic
      bronchitis mortality for both sexes have increased. Cardiac mortality decreased
      only for females.

PMID- 3413325
TI  - [Prevention of prematurity: Haguenau perinatal survey, 1971-1985].
AB  - A preterm birth prevention program was instituted in France in the early 1970s.
      Its effectiveness has been assessed through a perinatal study in Haguenau. A
      relationship between prenatal care improvement and preterm birth rate decrease
      was noted, but a causal interpretation cannot be derived from such an
      observational study. However, some arguments do support this interpretation: no
      satisfactory alternative explanation (such as biases in pregnancy duration
      measurement, change in the composition of the population of pregnant women, or
      secular trend), a plausible causal pattern, and a dose-response relationship
      between prenatal care and preterm birth rate. The Haguenau study results can be
      applied to other French regions, but extrapolation to other countries would
      depend on their social, medical and cultural contexts.

PMID- 3413327
TI  - [Experience with a new vascular adjustable-diameter insertion device for balloon
      catheter valvuloplasty].

PMID- 3413326
TI  - [Epidemiologic study of the mortality among the employees of a coal tar
      distillery].
AB  - A mortality study was carried out, throughout the period 1970-1984, in a cohort
      of 963 men who had worked for at least one year in a coal tar distillery. The
      observed number of deaths, 109, did not significantly differ from the expected
      number. Using the death rates of the local population as a reference, no excess
      was observed for lung cancer and for cancers of the larynx, while there was an
      excess for cancers of the oesophagus but non significant and for cancers of the
      buccal cavity and pharynx (SMR = 2.17 - p less than 0.05). A nested case-control
      study was carried out. From within the cohort, 5 deaths from lung cancer and 10
      deaths from cancers of the buccal cavity and pharynx were defined as "cases". For
      each case, all the available dead controls with the same sex, year of birth,
      tobacco and alcohol consumption were selected from within the cohort. The odds
      ratios for lung cancer did not reveal any occupational risk. With regard to
      buccal cavity and pharyngeal cancers, the odds ratios were neither significant
      for a duration of exposure greater than or equal to 1 year nor for a duration
      greater than or equal to 5 years along with a latent period greater than or equal
      to 10 years. Nevertheless there is a significant OR for exposure less than or
      equal to 10 years (OR = 7.56) but it is near one for exposures greater than 10
      years.

PMID- 3413328
TI  - [Diagnosis of intraventricular septal rupture after acute myocardial infarction
      using bidimensional echocardiography and the Doppler technic].

PMID- 3413330
TI  - [Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and valvuloplasty in different congenital
      cardiopathies: experience in 65 cases].

PMID- 3413329
TI  - [Percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty using a balloon catheter: initial results].

PMID- 3413331
TI  - [Experimental evaluation of the atrio-pulmonary shunt technic in the presence of
      excess pulmonary flow].

PMID- 3413332
TI  - [Late sudden cardiac death registered with Holter monitoring after the Senning
      operation].

PMID- 3413333
TI  - [Acute pericarditis and cardiac tamponade as the initial manifestation of
      ulcerative colitis].

PMID- 3413334
TI  - [Fistula of the circumflex coronary artery and left atrium secondary to mitral
      commissurotomy].

PMID- 3413335
TI  - Neuroendocrine mechanisms and light control of reproduction in domestic mammals.
      Nouzilly (France), 17-18 September 1987. Proceedings.

PMID- 3413336
TI  - Timing of puberty by photoperiod.
AB  - Photoperiod cues play an important role in the timing of puberty in the female
      lamb. Removal and replacement of photoperiod cues by denervation of the pineal
      gland and timed melatonin infusions, respectively, indicate that the pathway for
      transmission of photoperiod information develops well before puberty. This is
      reinforced by manipulation of artificial photoperiods during various periods of
      development. Such approaches reveal that even in the first few weeks of life, the
      pattern of melatonin secretion accords with daylength and modulates prolactin
      secretion. Several months later, after internal, growth-related cues indicate
      that sufficient body size has been achieved to initiate reproduction, photoperiod
      history is used as an important predictor of reproductive success, and thus,
      whether puberty should occur. In the female spring-born lamb, the decrease in
      daylength in autumn is the critical cue for the initiation of estrous cycles.
      Experimentally, this may be achieved by surgically disrupting the pathway for
      transmission of photic cues after appropriate long-day exposure. In the autumn
      born lamb and in the slowly growing lamb, sexual maturation may be masked by the
      transition into seasonal anestrus the following spring. In these young females, a
      decreasing photoperiod or "removal of long days" (surgical) is not necessary for
      puberty the following autumn. Sufficient photoperiod history may be acquired in
      such lambs that they enter puberty as a consequence of becoming refractory to the
      long days of summer. We hypothesize that the phenomenon of refractoriness
      reflects the expression of an innate rhythm of reproductive activity and that
      changes in daylength experienced early in life serve to synchronize this rhythm
      with the seasonal environment.

PMID- 3413337
TI  - Timing the breeding season of the ewe: what is the role of daylength?
AB  - Photoperiod is the proximate cue which times the reproductive period of the sheep
      and the role of daylength as a "zeitgeber" is evaluated in this report. Although
      sheep are regarded as a short-day breeding species, the reproductive period of
      the Suffolk ewe begins on daylengths which are on average 2.5 hours longer than
      those on which it ends. The reasons for this apparent anomaly are considered.
      Experimental evidence is presented which demonstrates that the transitions
      between the breeding season and anoestrus are not actively generated by changing
      ambient photoperiod. Rather the ewe expresses an endogenous circannual rhythm of
      reproduction and the role of daylength is to entrain this reproductive rhythm to
      a period of 365 days. It appears that only portions of the annual cycle of
      photoperiod are necessary to synchronize the breeding season, however, additional
      photic cues may be required to produce a reproductive period of normal duration.

PMID- 3413338
TI  - Possible homologies between photorefractoriness in sheep and birds: the effect of
      thyroidectomy on the length of the ewe's breeding season.
AB  - Comparisons are drawn between the photoperiodically driven breeding cycles in
      "long-day" birds and "short-day" mammals, emphasizing the importance of
      photorefractoriness as a key regulator in the timing processes. It is argued that
      the two types of breeding cycle may not be so radically different as previously
      thought and, indeed the cycles may be strictly homologous. Evidence in support of
      this comes from the role of the thyroid glands in seasonality. In starlings and
      quail, thyroidectomy prevents refractoriness developing and the birds remain in
      breeding indefinitely under long days. If the processes underlying refractoriness
      are similar across species then thyroidectomy should greatly alter the ewe's
      breeding cycle. In two experiments, Welsh Mountain ewes were thyroidectomized in
      the summer during anoestrus and their subsequent periods of oestrus monitored
      under various daylengths. There was no effect of thyroidectomy on the time when
      oestrous cyclicity began in the Autumn but the onset of anoestrus was profoundly
      disrupted. All the ewes continued to cycle well beyond the end of the normal
      breeding season and a number have continued throughout the entire period of
      anoestrus.

PMID- 3413339
TI  - Photoperiodic and melatonin treatments for the control of seasonal reproduction
      in sheep and goats.
AB  - The control of seasonal reproductive activity in sheep and goats in open sheds,
      needs extra-light (E) during the photosensitive phase (equivalent to long days,
      LD), followed by treatment with melatonin (equivalent to short days, SD). In
      autumn-born Ile-de-France or Lacaune ram lambs, 2 months of E followed by
      decreasing daylength for 90 days, advanced onset of the first breeding season by
      allowing males to reach their maximum testis volume and sperm production earlier
      than for untreated ram lambs. Substitution of decreasing daylength with melatonin
      implants allowed a transient increase in testis volume. Adult Ile-de-France rams
      maintained under short light rhythms with 2 month-period, demonstrated, during at
      least 2 consecutive years, a testis volume equivalent to that observed during the
      normal breeding season. These light-treated rams produced, during non-breeding
      season, spermatozoa in the same quantity and quality as during the normal
      breeding season. In anovulatory out-of-season dairy goats, E treatment was
      demonstrated to be necessary before melatonin treatment and melatonin to be
      necessary after E treatment to stimulate oestrous and ovulatory activities.
      Stimulation of the anovulatory females by the introduction of treated males
      ("male effect"), appeared to be necessary to obtain maximum stimulation of the
      treated females. Two months of E, followed by melatonin treatment (daily
      injection or drenching or subcutaneous implants) allowed cycles with ovulation to
      be maintained for more than 2 months. Although effective for control of out-of
      season reproductive activity, melatonin slightly decreased milk production when
      applied soon after kidding. So, total control of reproduction in sheep and goats
      by manipulation of photoperiod in open sheds and melatonin treatments appears
      feasible in both sexes.

PMID- 3413341
TI  - Responses of market lambs and Suffolk rams to a stimulatory skeleton photoperiod.
AB  - Young crossbred lambs and Suffolk rams were exposed to photoperiods stimulatory
      to growth or reproduction respectively. Whereas long days are known to facilitate
      rate of gain, feed efficiency and carcass yield in young market lambs, exposure
      to decreasing daylengths or short days is necessary for successful reproduction
      of the species. Successful substitution of a "skeleton" long photoperiod
      (7L:9D:1L:7D) for long photoperiod (16L:8D) exposure to growing lambs to improve
      performance provides strong support for the conclusion that long-day stimulation
      is not the result of the interval of day being illuminated but rather the time
      interval between two periods within a day which is illuminated. The same
      "skeleton" long photoperiod (7L:9D:1:7D) is shown to substitute effectively for a
      long (16L:8D) photoperiod when used alternately with a short (8L:16D) photoperiod
      in eight-week light cycle exposure of mature Suffolk rams. Light cycles of this
      duration entrain LH, testosterone and testicular weight and stimulate
      reproductive activity to a level comparable to that observed in rams during the
      normal breeding season. Evidence is presented that the relatively short eight
      week light cycles prevent photorefractoriness from occurring and thereby can
      maintain indefinitely the behavioral and gametogenic activities required of the
      breeding ram. Implementation of short days combined with alternating "skeleton"
      long days should be energy efficient and may prove useful for application to sire
      management.

PMID- 3413340
TI  - Melatonin and light treatment of ewes for autumn lambing.
AB  - Forty spring lambing adult, and 24 unbred yearling, Suffolk crossbred ewes were
      allocated to 3 groups. Group I and II were maintained on 18L: 6D and Group III on
      Local light (51 degrees 42' N) during 24 Feb-13 April. During 13 April-11 July
      Group I changed to 9L: 15D and Groups II and III were group fed a diet containing
      melatonin and providing 3 mg/ewe at 16.00 hrs daily. A further 20 adult ewes,
      Group IV and V were maintained on Local light during 24 Feb-13 April; Group IV
      was transferred to 9L: 15D and Group V remained on Local light during 13 April-11
      July. The ewes were exposed to vasectomised rams from the time of weaning on 3
      June. All ewes were housed until 11 July and then remained at pasture thereafter.
      The performance of the yearling ewes was as follows - % Keel-marked during 11-28
      follows: Group I - 90.0; Group II - 100.0: Group III 92.3; Group IV - 50.0; Group
      V - 10.0. There were no significant differences between Groups I, II and III. The
      following percentage of adult ewes lambed during 3-23 December - 66.7; 85.7;
      69.2; 20.0 and 0.0 for Groups I - V respectively. Groups I, II and III were
      significantly higher than Group V. The performance of the yearling ewes was as
      follows - % keel-marked during 11-28 July: Group I - 100.0; Group II - 66.7;
      Group III - 22.2. The following percentage of yearling ewes lambed during 3-23
      December - 50.0; 44.4 and 11.1 for Group I - III respectively. An assessment of
      these data in relation to autumn lambing is presented in the paper.

PMID- 3413342
TI  - Melatonin patterns in ewes maintained under skeleton or resonance photoperiodic
      regimens.
AB  - Two experiments were designed to study the mechanism for measurement of daylength
      by ewes. 1) Two groups of 8 adult ewes were exposed for more than one year to
      either 16L:8D (long days) or 7L:9D:1L:7D alternated every 3 months with 8L:16D
      (short days). Ovulatory activity was followed during the total duration of the
      experiment and compared to that of a third group of 8 females under simulated
      natural conditions of lighting. Plasma prolactin and melatonin were measured in
      blood samples collected hourly over a 24-h period, more than 1.5 months after a
      light shift. Ovulatory activity and patterns of prolactin showed that one hour of
      light given 16 to 17 hours after the onset of the main light phase led to the
      measurement of a long day by the animals. Plasma melatonin was high during
      darkness in ewes under 8L:16D or 16L:8D. So, the duration of melatonin secretion
      was about twice as long in short days (8L:16D) as in long days (16L:8D).
      Interruption of the dark phase by the light pulse induced a dramatic decrease in
      the melatonin levels which increased again in only 6 of the 8 ewes studied. 2)
      Four groups of 7-8 ewes were subjected for at least 6 months to one of the
      following treatments: 4L:8D, 4L:20D, 4L:32D or 4L:44D. Blood samples were
      collected twice each week in order to monitor the ovulatory activity and plasma
      prolactin levels. In addition, to follow the plasma prolactin and melatonin
      patterns, blood samples were collected hourly over a 48-h period, 4 months after
      the onset of the experiment. The ovulatory activity was not indicative of the
      daylength measured by the animals. However, plasma prolactin levels suggested
      that 4L:8D and 4L:32D were considered as long days and 4L:20D as short days. Four
      months after the onset of the experiment, a 24-h rhythm of melatonin secretion
      was found regardless of the photoperiodic treatment: in all groups, low melatonin
      levels were coincident in time once every 24 h, and high melatonin levels
      displayed similar coincidence. Low levels of melatonin were observed during each
      period of light. Melatonin secretion was interrupted by light in groups 4L:8D and
      4L:32D, both treatments to which the ewes responded as long days. Results of both
      experiments are compatible with the hypothesis that periods of melatonin
      secretion throughout the day are more important than the duration of secretion
      itself.

PMID- 3413343
TI  - Involvement of melatonin in the seasonal changes of the gonadal function and
      prolactin secretion in female goats.
AB  - Ovarian cyclicity in the goat continues under short days (8L: 16D), while it
      ceases for 150-200 days under long days (16L: 8D). During the anovulatory period
      under long days, prolactin secretion is enhanced. Experiments were conducted to
      investigate the role of the pineal gland in the photoperiodic control of the
      gonadal function and prolactin secretion in the goat. Firstly, the effects of the
      abolition of the diurnal change in melatonin secretion on the photoperiodic
      responses of the gonadal axis and prolactin secretion were examined. Female
      Saanen goats, reared under short days (8L:16D, 22 +/- 2 degrees C) for 5 months,
      were bilaterally superior cervical ganglionectomized (SCGX) to denervate their
      pineal gland. One month after surgery, both SCGX and intact control goats were
      divided into two groups. Animals in group 1 were maintained under short days and
      those in group 2 were transferred to long days (16L:8D). In group 1, both SCGX
      and intact goats ovulated periodically and basal plasma levels of prolactin were
      maintained throughout the day. In intact controls, exposure to long days blocked
      ovulation and increased prolactin secretion for the first 150-200 days of
      exposure. The animals became photorefractory after this time; ovulation recurred
      and prolactin secretion was suppressed. The continuous melatonin secretion
      appeared simultaneously with the photorefractoriness. Superior cervical
      ganglionectomy abolished or weakened the suppression of gonadal axis and
      eliminated the increase in prolactin secretion induced by the exposure to long
      days in intact animals. Secondly, the effect of melatonin replacement by timed
      melatonin infusion on prolactin secretion was examined in SCGX goats to establish
      that the effect of SCGX could be ascribed to the abolition of the diurnal change
      in melatonin. Ovariectomized SCGX Shiba goats (n = 5) were infused with melatonin
      (20 micrograms/h, s.c.) daily for 8 h (the long-day-type infusion) and for 16 h
      (the short-day-type infusion) to mimic the nocturnal profiles of plasma melatonin
      under long days and short days, respectively. The long-day-type melatonin
      infusion for 9 days accelerated prolactin secretion, inducing a nocturnal rise in
      plasma prolactin; this was comparable to that observed in intact controls under
      long days. On the other hand, by the short-day-type infusion, the plasma
      prolactin concentrations were maintained at a low level throughout the day as
      were observed in intact goats under short days. The prevailing photoperiod
      appeared to have no distinct effect on these prolactin responses to exogenous
      melatonin, which were indistinguishable under long and short days.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3413345
TI  - Endogenous opioids and the control of LH secretion during the reproductive cycle
      in the ram induced by treatment with melatonin.
AB  - To investigate the role of endogenous opioid peptides (EOP) in the inhibitory
      control of LH secretion in the ram, the acute effects of naloxone (opioid
      antagonist) on episodic LH secretion were measured in rams at different stages of
      a reproductive cycle induced by treatment with melatonin. Groups of SCGx rams
      (functionally pinealectomized) and pineal intact rams were housed under long days
      (16 h light: 8 h darkness) and treated with alternating 16 week periods with
      exogenous melatonin (continuous melatonin from silastic implant) and 16 week
      periods with no exogenous melatonin for 3 or 4 consecutive cycles. The LH
      response to naloxone (1.6 mg/kg i.v.) was measured at 2-4 week intervals on 9
      occasions during one of the treatment cycles. The periodic treatment with
      melatonin resulted in a clearly defined cycle in the plasma concentrations of LH,
      FSH, testosterone and prolactin, and associated changes in size of the testes,
      intensity of the sexual skin flush and moulting of the pelage; maximum size of
      the testes occurred 8-16 weeks after the start of each melatonin treatment.
      Naloxone induced an increase in plasma LH concentrations at all times but the
      response varied in relation to the stage of the melatonin-induced reproductive
      cycle. During testicular recrudescence, naloxone induced large increases in mean
      LH concentration (low frequency, high amplitude LH pulses), at the peak of the
      reproductive cycle naloxone induced smaller increases in plasma LH (high
      frequency, low amplitude pulses) and during testicular regression naloxone
      induced only minor increments in plasma LH. The results are consistent with the
      role of EOP in the inhibitory control of LH secretion with this system most
      active during the sexually active phase of the reproductive cycle.

PMID- 3413344
TI  - Entrainment of the rat pineal rhythm in melatonin production by light.
AB  - Environmental light entrains the rat pineal N-acetyltransferase rhythm which
      controls melatonin production. One day after 1 min light pulses applied before
      midnight, or after delays in the evening switch off of light, or after a delay of
      the light-dark cycle, the evening N-acetyltransferase rise and the morning
      decline are phase delayed almost to the same extent. Consequently, the pattern of
      the rhythm does not change. One day after 1 min light pulses applied past
      midnight, or after bringing forward the morning light onset, or after an advance
      of the light dark-cycle, the morning N-acetyltransferase decline is phase
      advanced, but the evening rise is either not phase shifted or it may be even
      phase delayed. Consequently, the pattern of the rhythm may be changed
      considerably or the rhythm may be abolished. The data are consistent with an
      hypothesis of a two-component pacemaker controlling the N-acetyltransferase
      rhythm. Under all photoperiods which we encounter in nature, the pattern of the N
      acetyltransferase rhythm is determined by the entraining effect of light on the
      pacemaker, but not by the suppressant effect of light.

PMID- 3413346
TI  - [Oxygen therapy: metabolic adaptation to hypoxia].

PMID- 3413347
TI  - [Guideline of oxygen administration with respect to respiratory function].

PMID- 3413348
TI  - [A clinical indication of oxygen administration on patients with cardiovascular
      diseases].

PMID- 3413349
TI  - [Indication of oxygen therapy on the central nervous system].

PMID- 3413350
TI  - [Indication for oxygen therapy in multiple organ failure].

PMID- 3413351
TI  - [Factor analysis for radionuclide study of the lung].

PMID- 3413352
TI  - [The measurement of right ventricular ejection fraction--reliability and
      limitations of modified thermodilution method].

PMID- 3413353
TI  - [The beneficial effects of intravenous bolus injection of urokinase followed by
      conventional selective intracoronary thrombolysis].

PMID- 3413354
TI  - [Acute effects of cigarette smoking and exercise on specific airway conductance].

PMID- 3413355
TI  - [Evaluation of left ventricular volumes calculated from the single plane area
      length method by radionuclide angiography using a 30 degrees slant hole
      collimator].

PMID- 3413357
TI  - [Assessment of quality of life (QOL) in long-term pharmaceutical therapy in
      patients with mild hypertension].

PMID- 3413356
TI  - [Observation of sleep apnea in normal subjects using Holter ECG-respiration
      monitoring system].

PMID- 3413358
TI  - [A case of carotid sinus syndrome with frequent syncopes, necessitated pacemaker
      implantation].

PMID- 3413359
TI  - [Natural history of ruptured aneurysm of the thoracic aorta. A case report].

PMID- 3413360
TI  - [A case of tuberculous pericarditis with marked high level of adenosine deaminase
      (ADA) activity in pericardial effusion].

PMID- 3413361
TI  - [CSF acid-base balance during mechanical ventilation in chronic respiratory
      acidosis].

PMID- 3413362
TI  - [An adult case of angina pectoris as a sequel of Kawasaki disease].

PMID- 3413363
TI  - [A case of advanced A-V block caused by Valsalva aneurysm in aortitis syndrome].

PMID- 3413364
TI  - The analysis of event history data: a review of progress and outstanding
      problems.
AB  - This paper reviews methods for the analysis of event history data by both
      parametric (exponential/Poisson) and semi-parametric methods. It identifies a
      need for software for handling the data structures of complex event histories and
      shows that, with such software, most Markov and semi-Markov models of event
      history data may be dealt with in the framework of generalized linear models.
      Finally, the emergent 'frailty' models for associated risks are discussed
      together with their implications for statistical software.

PMID- 3413365
TI  - A new calculation of the carcinogenic risk of obstetric X-raying.
AB  - The association between obstetric X-raying and childhood cancer was first
      identified by the Oxford Survey of Childhood Cancers in 1956. The present re
      analysis exploits the case-control matching of the study while incorporating the
      effects of important risk determinants, notably year of birth, trimester of
      exposure and number of films exposed. The decline in risk over time is closely
      mirrored by the estimated decline in dose per film and, by constraining these two
      relationships to be parallel, time-invariant estimates of the extra risk per mGy
      are obtained. For example, it is now estimated that irradiating 10(6) foetuses
      with 1 mGy of X-rays would, in the absence of other causes of death, yield 175
      extra cases of cancer and leukaemia in the first 15 years of life.

PMID- 3413366
TI  - Confidence interval estimation of a rate and the choice of sample size.
AB  - The problem of estimating a rate or proportion is considered. Four methods for
      constructing an approximate confidence interval are discussed and compared via a
      simulation study. The most accurate method is found. Also, for each method a
      sharp upper bound (dependent only on the sample size) is given for the length of
      the confidence interval. By choosing an appropriate sample size this bound
      enables the practitioner to achieve a prespecified maximum length for the
      confidence interval without knowing the population rate. The striking result is
      that the most accurate method has the smallest bound, thus requiring the least
      sample units.

PMID- 3413367
TI  - Designing a clinical trial to demonstrate prevention of ulcer recurrence:
      modelling simulation approaches.
AB  - We describe a Markov chain model for the ulcer recurrence and healing process,
      review the available literature to obtain appropriate parameter estimates, and
      use this model to evaluate alternative clinical trial designs. We focus on
      designs aimed at supporting recurrence prevention claims for a duodenal ulcer
      maintenance treatment. Our results show that a trial with endoscopies scheduled
      only at four month intervals is inadequate to support recurrence prevention
      claims; discrimination between the null and alternative hypotheses is impossible
      because of the size and direction of expected biases in observed recurrences. Our
      results suggest that endoscopy intervals should be at most four weeks to
      establish a claim of ulcer prevention.

PMID- 3413369
TI  - The parameters of death: a consideration of the quantity of information in a life
      table using a polynomial representation of the survivorship curve.
AB  - How much unique information is contained in any life table? The logarithmic
      survivorship (lx) columns of 360 empirical life tables were fitted by a weighted
      fifth degree polynomial, and it is shown that six parameters are adequate to
      reproduce these curves almost flawlessly. However, these parameters are highly
      intercorrelated, so that a two-dimensional representation would be adequate to
      express the similarities and differences among life tables. It is thus concluded
      that a life table contains but two unique pieces of information, these being the
      level of mortality in the population which it represents, and the relative shape
      of the underlying mortality curve.

PMID- 3413368
TI  - A note on graphical presentation of estimated odds ratios from several clinical
      trials.
AB  - To display a number of estimates of a parameter obtained from different studies
      it is common practice to plot a sequence of confidence intervals. This can be
      useful but is often unsatisfactory. An alternative display is suggested which
      represents intervals as points on a bivariate graph, and which has advantages.
      When the data are estimates of odds ratios from studies with a binary response,
      it is argued that for either type of plot, a log scale should be used rather than
      a linear scale.

PMID- 3413370
TI  - [Adjuvant treatment of breast cancer: past, present and future].

PMID- 3413371
TI  - [Venous access using a totally implantable catheter].

PMID- 3413372
TI  - [Percutaneous lumbar discectomy using the Nucleotome].

PMID- 3413374
TI  - [Pleural drainage systems (1)].

PMID- 3413373
TI  - [The bones of the cranium (1). General presentation of the vault and the face.
      The fontanelles, temporomandibular dislocation].

PMID- 3413375
TI  - [The anterior traumatic syndrome].

PMID- 3413376
TI  - [Wounds and contusions of the ocular globe. Pressure disorders].

PMID- 3413377
TI  - [Traumatic lesions of the crystalline lens].

PMID- 3413378
TI  - [Penetrating injuries of the anterior segment].

PMID- 3413380
TI  - [Penetrating injuries of the posterior segment].

PMID- 3413379
TI  - [Traumatology of the globe of the eye].

PMID- 3413381
TI  - [Intraocular foreign bodies].

PMID- 3413382
TI  - [Anatomy of the eye].

PMID- 3413383
TI  - [Emergency ophthalmological anesthesia and surgery].

PMID- 3413384
TI  - [Surgical emergencies in ophthalmology. Role of the circulating nurse].

PMID- 3413387
TI  - [Ocular traumatology. The injured patient].

PMID- 3413388
TI  - [Contusions of the globe of the eye. General aspects].

PMID- 3413385
TI  - [The nurse and traumatic emergencies in ophthalmology].

PMID- 3413389
TI  - [Cardiac insufficiency: man is really not suited for that--fortunately the
      converting enzyme inhibitors are here!].

PMID- 3413386
TI  - [Respecting the modesty of the hospitalized patient].

PMID- 3413390
TI  - [Stress-dependent arm weakness and dizziness].

PMID- 3413392
TI  - [Anatomy and function of the cervical and lumbar spine].

PMID- 3413391
TI  - [A case from practice (110). Patient: Mrs P. M., born 1965, secretary].

PMID- 3413393
TI  - [Symptoms and signs of compressive radiculopathy of C5 through C8 and their
      variations].

PMID- 3413394
TI  - [Compression syndrome of the spinal cord in spinal tumor metastasis].

PMID- 3413395
TI  - [HIV/AIDS].

PMID- 3413396
TI  - [Methadone and the fate of drug addicts].

PMID- 3413398
TI  - [Nutrition of the aged person living at home. Dining rooms--restaurants-
      "bistrots"].

PMID- 3413397
TI  - [Nutrition in elderly persons].

PMID- 3413399
TI  - [Prevention--nutrition education. The role of the non-specialist].

PMID- 3413400
TI  - [The fate of drug addicts managed with methadone in the Canton of Vaud (1976
      1986). 2].

PMID- 3413401
TI  - [Synovial fluid. Collection, analysis and diagnosis].

PMID- 3413402
TI  - [Parental authority and guardianship rights: the law, the child and the
      practitioner].

PMID- 3413403
TI  - [Criteria for the early diagnosis of malignant cutaneous melanomas].

PMID- 3413404
TI  - [Contribution of computerized tomography to pneumology].

PMID- 3413405
TI  - [Treatment of chondritis of the patella using reduction osteotomy].

PMID- 3413406
TI  - [Attempt at revascularization of the lower limb before amputation in severe
      arterial disorders].

PMID- 3413407
TI  - [The treatment of sterility of tubo-ovarian origin: microsurgery--in vitro
      fertilization].

PMID- 3413408
TI  - [Collection of chorionic villi. A Lausanne study].

PMID- 3413409
TI  - [Prenatal diagnosis and its hazards].

PMID- 3413410
TI  - [Therapeutic attitude confronting dysphonia].

PMID- 3413411
TI  - [Chronic snoring and its treatment].

PMID- 3413412
TI  - [Caring: an exchange].

PMID- 3413413
TI  - [Cachectin].

PMID- 3413414
TI  - Abstract book. 12th congress, European Rhinologic Society including the VIIth
      I.S.I.A.N. Amsterdam, June 19-22, 1988.

PMID- 3413416
TI  - How to make your point on paper.

PMID- 3413415
TI  - One piece of paper we can't do without.

PMID- 3413417
TI  - Children grieve, too.

PMID- 3413419
TI  - Preserving i.v. power if fluids are restricted.

PMID- 3413418
TI  - Nurses plunged me into the pain cycle; nurses pulled me out.

PMID- 3413420
TI  - Your teaching plan: the key to controlling Type II diabetes.

PMID- 3413421
TI  - The one patient I couldn't nurse.

PMID- 3413422
TI  - The nurse's guide to cardiovascular drugs (continuing education credit).

PMID- 3413423
TI  - Third-spacing: when the body conceals fluid loss.

PMID- 3413425
TI  - Would your assessment spot a hidden alcoholic?

PMID- 3413424
TI  - How to make every culture count.

PMID- 3413427
TI  - When moving fast puts you at risk.

PMID- 3413426
TI  - Bringing your patient through the DTs.

PMID- 3413428
TI  - Putting some comfort in chemotherapy.

PMID- 3413429
TI  - Nursing behind bars. Interview by Annelies Ravensbergen.

PMID- 3413430
TI  - Nursing research: debunking the myths.

PMID- 3413431
TI  - Clinical nurse specialist.

PMID- 3413432
TI  - The value of nursing: toward the year 2000.

PMID- 3413433
TI  - Healthy public policy: what do nuclear submarines and Meech Lake have to do with
      nursing?

PMID- 3413434
TI  - Theory based nursing practice.

PMID- 3413435
TI  - The myth of the perfect research method.

PMID- 3413436
TI  - Healthstyles: taking responsibility for your own well-being.

PMID- 3413437
TI  - Government approves changes to nurses act.

PMID- 3413438
TI  - [Epidemiological aspects of Graves'-Basedow's disease].

PMID- 3413439
TI  - Free 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) in human urine: metabolic routes,
      biochemical and clinical significance in healthy and obese children.
AB  - Conjugated MHPG is an indicator of the adrenergic tonus having clinical use in
      the follow-up of affective disorders, arterial hypotension, anorexia nervosa and
      recently of obesity. Little is known about the significance of the unconjugated,
      free MHPG in various body fluids. Nineteen healthy and 38 obese children were
      studied as regards the urinary excretion of free MHPG (MHPGF), conjugated MHPG
      (MHPGC), total MHPG (MHPGT) and also free noradrenaline (NA) valnillyl mandelic
      acid (VMA) and metanephrines (MN). Part of the obese received a short-term course
      of drug therapy (diethyl-propion-DEP or thyroid extract) and were subjected to a
      low-carbohydrate diet containing 800-1000 calories a day. The same urinary
      determinations were made after diet alone or after diet and drug therapy. MHPGC
      and MHPGT were significantly higher in the obese children. The level of MHPGF was
      essentially the same in both groups and did not change significantly following
      any drug or after diet alone. It was concluded that esterification mechanisms are
      not involved in the pathological states expressing high or low levels of MHPGC.
      Suggestion is made that these mechanisms may not be saturated unless huge amounts
      of MHPG outflow from the brain into CSF.

PMID- 3413440
TI  - [Palmar and plantar flexion folds in children with Turner syndrome and their
      parents].

PMID- 3413441
TI  - Natrium, potassium, cholesterol and total free 11-hydroxycorticosteroids
      variations in thymectomized and thymic extract treated rats.
AB  - The authors investigated the effect of thymectomy and TP2 thymic polypeptide
      extract administration on total, esterified and free cholesterol in the plasma
      and the adrenals, as well as on plasma Na and K and plasma free total 11
      hydroxycorticosteroids. The results showed that total, esterified and free
      cholesterol decrease in the adrenals by 23.20%, 28.57% and 17.70% maximum
      respectively, in the thymectomized rat and that under the influence of the TP2
      extract the values increase by 14.81%, 15.38% and 12.67%, respectively. Plasma
      cholesterol did not change. Thymectomy caused an increase in the plasma 11
      hydroxycorticosteroids value by 13.4% and administration of the TP2 extract
      lowered their value by 58.11%. The plasma Na and K values did not change.

PMID- 3413442
TI  - The value of L-thyroxine in the supressive therapy of euthyroid nodules and in
      the prevention of post-thyroidectomy recurrences.
AB  - Long-term L-thyroxine (L-T4) suppression therapy was applied to 133 patients with
      euthyroid nodular goiter (126 females/7 males) and to 148 patients (136
      females/12 males) with post-thyroidectomy recurrence between the years 1980 and
      1986. The results are interpreted as "Complete Success" if the nodule
      disappeared, "Partial Success" if it became smaller, "Late Unresponsiveness" if
      the nodule first decreased then increased in volume and "Unresponsiveness" when
      it did not change. In the group of euthyroid nodules, complete success was
      obtained with 150-200 micrograms/L-T4 daily administration. But in the recurrence
      group the response to the same dose was lower than in the first group and most of
      them were partial responders. On the other hand, we found highly significant
      differences in the incidence of postoperative recurrences, between the group of
      patients subjected to a long term L-T4 suppression therapy with the recurrence
      and prophylactic therapy with L-T4. While postoperative recurrence was only 6.35%
      in the long term L-T4 receiving group, it was very high (80.95%) in the non
      treated group. Furthermore, in the group of patients taking L-T4 suppression
      therapy only for a short period, the incidence of recurrence was 12.70%. As a
      result of this study, we concluded that routine long term L-T4 suppression
      therapy is necessary both for the treatment of selected euthyroid nodules without
      any suspicion of malignancy for the prevention of post-thyroidectomy recurrences.

PMID- 3413443
TI  - Sodium ipodate in the treatment of toxic diffuse goiter. Short-term and long-term
      effects on thyrotoxicosis.
AB  - Iodinated radiocontrast medication has been successful in the treatment of
      thyrotoxicosis when used for short periods up to 21 days, but experience with
      long-term use is lacking. In the first part of this study, a group of seven
      patients each taking 1.5 g. sodium ipodate daily was observed for 21 days and
      compared to a similar group of seven thyrotoxic patients taking 400 mg.
      propylthiouracil (PTU) daily. Sodium ipodate brought about a more significant
      decrease in serum total T3 and T4 levels, and more prominent increase in reverse
      T3 levels in the first ten days of the treatment. In the second part, a group of
      seven patients with thyrotoxicosis were given sodium ipodate, 1.5 g, daily for 20
      days and 0.75 g. thereafter and were compared to a similar group of seven
      patients who took PTU, 300 mg. daily for the first 20 days and 150 mg. daily
      afterwards. Serum thyroid hormone levels decreased in both groups at the end of
      the first month of treatment, but rose again, along with worsening of symptoms,
      in five patients on ipodate treatment. Therefore, sodium ipodate, an iodinated
      radiocontrast agent is unable to control thyrotoxicosis for longer than a month.

PMID- 3413444
TI  - [Inflammatory intestinal diseases--determination of activity and new
      pharmacotherapeutic approaches].

PMID- 3413445
TI  - [Suicidal activity and somatic disease].

PMID- 3413446
TI  - [Evaluation of the long-term effects of pericardiectomy in chronic constrictive
      pericarditis].

PMID- 3413448
TI  - [Language expression in 3-to-6-year-old children].

PMID- 3413447
TI  - [Surgical treatment of stage T1a and T1b carcinoma of the uterine cervix].

PMID- 3413449
TI  - The leucocyte L1 protein: identity with the cystic fibrosis antigen and the
      calcium-binding MRP-8 and MRP-14 macrophage components.
AB  - The partial amino acid sequence of L1 protein light and heavy chains reveals an
      overall structure identical to the two macrophage proteins, MRP-8 and MRP-14,
      deduced from the sequence of the cDNA encoding the polypeptides. The light chain
      of L1 protein (L1-L) was shown to contain two modified amino acid residues.

PMID- 3413450
TI  - An evaluation of the hemiplegic subject based on the Bobath approach. Part III. A
      validation study.
AB  - Sixty-two hemiplegic subjects were treated with the Bobath approach for a period
      of three months. During this time they were evaluated on three occasions. The
      testing battery consisted of a Bobath evaluation, the Brunnstrom scale, the Fugl
      Meyer test, the Upper Extremity Functional Test (UEFT) and the Present Pain
      Intensity (PPI) of the McGill pain questionnaire. A Friedman analysis of variance
      showed that, except for pain, all the protocols used disclosed significant
      progress (p less than 0.001) over time in terms of motor recovery. Except for
      pain, the results of the Bobath evaluation were significantly correlated
      (Spearman's Rho, p less than 0.001) with the results of the other testing
      procedures. It is concluded that the new Bobath evaluation proposed in a previous
      paper is as sensitive in depicting progress in motor recovery over time as are
      the other testing procedures used. Furthermore, this new evaluation seems to be
      measuring similar properties to the other tests. However, pain (PPI) appears not
      to be an important dependent variable.

PMID- 3413451
TI  - Life satisfaction in long-term survivors after stroke.
AB  - Different aspects of the quality of life before and after stroke were registered
      for 62 communicable, representative long-term (4-6 years) survivors, who reported
      the global and domain specific life satisfaction that they experienced (7 items,
      6 graded-ordinal scales). Reference subjects were 60 healthy individuals in two
      age cohorts (60-61 years, n = 34; 79-81 years, n = 26) none of whom had been
      hospitalized during the last seven years prior to the investigation. The main
      finding is that, after the stroke, at least one aspect of the quality of life had
      decreased for 61% of them; this concerned global, sexual and leisure satisfaction
      mainly. Moreover, persisting motor impairment and ADL-disability had a negative
      effect on several aspects of life satisfaction. As nearly 30% of the non-impaired
      and the non-disabled interviewees reported decreased global life satisfaction,
      these changes indicate that they do not cope psychosocially with the stroke as
      such nor with its sequelae. In contrast, the levels of life satisfaction were
      similar for the 60-61 and 79-81 year-old interviewees, clinically healthy
      respondents, indicating stability in the quality of life that they experienced
      from late middle age into senectitude. For the patients, social integration
      estimated normatively did not covariate significantly with post-stroke
      satisfaction derived from social relationships.

PMID- 3413452
TI  - Treatment of post-traumatic oedema in lower legs using intermittent pneumatic
      compression.
AB  - Post-traumatic oedema after 6-12 weeks immobilization in a cast was treated using
      intermittent pneumatic compression. The study group comprised 18 patients with 19
      distal fractures of the lower leg. They were given compression treatment on five
      consecutive days for about 1 h daily. Reduction in oedema was assessed by
      measuring leg circumferences at three levels: the malleolus; 20 cm proximally
      from the malleolus; and the Chopart joint. The untreated control group consisted
      of five patients. Changes in oedema were followed daily for one week. A
      significantly greater reduction in oedema occurred in the study group at all
      three measurement levels (p less than 0.001) as compared with the control group.

PMID- 3413453
TI  - Muscular function during ergometer cycling.
AB  - Quantified EMG and calculated mechanical muscular power output data were combined
      to provide further analysis of muscular function during ergometer cycling. The
      single-joint muscles; gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, vastus medialis, vastus
      lateralis and soleus all showed a more predictable function with approximately
      linear relationship between calculated power output and recorded EMG. The
      function for the two-joint muscles was found to be more complex. Biceps femoris
      seemed to act mainly as a hip extensor and medial hamstring mainly as a knee
      flexor. Gastrocnemius medialis was proposed to act more as a plantar flexor and
      gastrocnemius lateralis as a knee flexor.

PMID- 3413454
TI  - Physiotherapy after total hip replacement for primary arthrosis.
AB  - Organized physiotherapy starting two months after uncomplicated total hip
      replacements for primary arthrosis did not improve the rehabilitation. Six months
      after surgery there were no significant differences between 14 patients with and
      16 patients without physiotherapy regarding improvement of passive hip motion, or
      hip or knee muscle strength of the operated limb. Neither were there any
      differences in walking ability or activities of daily living.

PMID- 3413455
TI  - An evaluation of the hemiplegic subject based on the Bobath approach. Part II:
      The evaluation protocol.
AB  - A protocol of evaluation of the hemiplegic patient based on the Bobath approach
      to treatment is presented. Six parameters are evaluated: sensorium, muscle tone,
      reflex activity, active movement, postural reactions and pain. The first and last
      of these are included because of their possible effects on the motor recovery
      process of the hemiplegic patient. The other four are directly borrowed from the
      Bobath modality of treatment. For each of these parameters, the procedures are
      given for its evaluation along with its respective rating scales. These scales
      are of an ordinal nature ranging from 0 to 3. It is suggested that this new
      evaluation protocol is fully compatible with the therapeutic modality developed
      by Bobath and as well is adequate to quantify patient progress in the principle
      aspects treated by this well used rehabilitation approach.

PMID- 3413456
TI  - [Cough: physiology and pathophysiology].
AB  - Cough is a complex physiologic reflex which protects the lung from the inhalation
      of irritants and cleans the airways of excess secretions of solid particles. High
      linear velocities of flow in the airways are needed for the cough to be
      effective, and this depends upon the ability to achieve high expiratory flows and
      a reduction of airway caliber by dynamic compression. The efficacy of cough is
      compromised by a series of pathological conditions such as dysfunction of the
      cough reflex pathways, decrease in expiratory flows, abnormal dynamic
      compression, alterations in airway geometry, reduction in mucociliary clearance,
      and changes in bronchial secretions. Besides its protective action, cough may be
      responsible for adverse reactions or injuries.

PMID- 3413457
TI  - [Etiological diagnosis of cough].
AB  - The assessment of cough starts with a search for possible causes, the commonest
      of which (acute or chronic inflammation of the upper airways, acute bronchial
      inflammation, smoking, asthma) are usually suggested by history and clinical
      examination. In chronic cases, where the chest X-ray is normal, the diagnosis
      must differentiate between ENT inflammation, asthma, post-infectious bronchial
      hyperresponsiveness and gastroesophageal reflux. Appropriate treatment can be
      administered solely when the most probable etiology has been determined.

PMID- 3413458
TI  - [Tuberculin reaction and the extent of the vaccination scar following BCG
      vaccination in newborn infants].
AB  - The actual incidence of tuberculosis in Switzerland is below 50 per 100,000
      people and if contracted tuberculous disease can be treated readily. These were
      the main reasons why routine BCG vaccination in neonates was discontinued in
      1987. However, the epidemiological and sociodemographic situation may change and
      it may be necessary to reintroduce BCG vaccination on a large scale. In view of
      this possibility 70 neonates who had received BCG vaccine after birth were
      reviewed at the time of MMR vaccination or DT booster vaccination in the second
      year of life. 34 (44.3%) had a positive response to tuberculin testing
      (Monotest). Nine had no scar, and more than half of the children with a scar had
      a negative Monotest. There was no correlation at all between the existence or
      absence of a BCG scar and a positive or negative tuberculin test. The results
      support the present immunization policy for tuberculosis in Switzerland, but
      raise questions on the timing of BCG vaccination at birth.

PMID- 3413459
TI  - [Alcohol, tobacco and drug use in Swiss men 20 to 33 years of age].
AB  - In a second follow-up in 1985 former military recruits were asked to fill in a
      standardized questionnaire concerning their consumption of alcohol, tobacco,
      drugs and medicines. They had been interviewed for the first time on enlistment
      in 1972/73 and had filled in a second, mailed questionnaire in 1979. The
      consumption patterns from 1972/73 to 1985 are described in subjects who
      participated in all three surveys. Out of the original 4082 recruits, 1103 had
      answered in 1979 and in 1985 the questionnaires of 843 young men could be
      evaluated for all three inquiries. The average amount of alcohol consumed was
      118.7 g per person and week in 1972/73, 102.8 g in 1979 and 117.2 g alcohol 100%
      in 1985. Accordingly, the numbers of subjects belonging to the extreme
      consumption classes decreased significantly from 1972/73 to 1979: abstainers from
      94 (11.2%) to 44 (5.2%) (p less than 0.001) and heavy drinkers (more than 350 g
      alcohol 100% per week) from 54 (6.4%) to 27 (3.2%) (p less than 0.001). From 1979
      to 1985 the moderate drinkers (up to 150 g alcohol 100% per week) decreased from
      638 (75.8%) to 568 (67.5%) (p less than 0.001) and the middle-range drinkers (160
      to 350 g) increased from 133 (15.8%) to 193 (22.9%) (p less than 0.001).
      Concerning consumption of tobacco, the number of nonsmokers rose between 1972/73
      and 1985 from 378 (45%) to 464 (55%) (p less than 0.001). The number of heavy
      smokers did not change significantly over the three surveys. From 1972/73 to 1979
      and from 1979 to 1985 fewer (p less than 0.01) subjects increased their cigarette
      consumption.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3413460
TI  - [Recurrent chest wall abscess. Result of a probable percutaneous infection with
      Echinococcus multilocularis following a dormouse bite].
AB  - An unusual form of inoculation and of clinical manifestation of alveolar
      echinococcosis in the subcutaneous tissue of the thoracic wall is described. In
      1970 the patient was bitten by a dormouse (Glis glis). Thereafter multiple
      recurrent abscesses and fistulae developed over a period of 11 years in the
      thoracic wall and were drained repeatedly. Several bacteriological and
      histological examinations revealed no specific cause until 1980. In 1983 radical
      surgical excision of the subcutaneous inflammatory tissue was performed and
      alveolar echinococcosis was demonstrated histologically. In the past 4 years the
      patient has remained asymptomatic and without evidence of recurrence. As a
      working hypothesis it is suggested that by way of the rodent bite infectious
      material (eggs of Echinococcus multilocularis) entered the subcutaneous tissue of
      the thoracic wall.

PMID- 3413461
TI  - [Ergometric evaluation of the cardioprotective effect of pindolol in coronary
      disease. Comparison of 2 galenic forms].
AB  - In a dose of 5 mg three times daily, the beta-blocker pindolol (Visken Sandoz)
      has been shown to provide protection against both the signs and the symptoms of
      myocardial ischaemia. The purpose of the present study was to ascertain whether
      the same degree of protection is provided by a single daily dose of a slow
      release formulation containing 20 mg pindolol. - Twelve patients with confirmed
      coronary heart disease were included in the study, which was carried out using a
      bicycle ergometer. The exercise tests were performed 2 hours after drug
      administration and again immediately before the next dose was due. These times
      are assumed to correspond to the maximum and minimum plasma levels of pindolol
      respectively. - The results show no statistically significant difference between
      the 20 mg form of the drug once a day and the 5 mg form 3 times daily with regard
      to the effect on heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), the product of HR and BP,
      and S-T segment changes (Cohn score) either at rest, during maximum effort, or 3
      minutes after exercise. - It is concluded that 20 mg slow-release pindolol once
      daily is an effective anti-anginal therapy similar in its properties to 5 mg 3
      times daily.

PMID- 3413462
TI  - [Isolated and recurrent peripheral facial paralysis in human infection with human
      immunodeficiency virus (HIV)].
AB  - Unilateral facial palsies were observed in three patients with positive serology
      for HIV. Two patients presented a second unilateral peripheral seventh nerve
      palsy after extraction of a tooth. Recovery was complete in each case. Peripheral
      neuropathies are present in 20% of cases with AIDS but cranial neuropathies are
      uncommon, affecting only 2 to 3% of patients. The seventh and the fifth are the
      most frequent cranial nerves involved. The reported isolation of HIV in the
      cerebrospinal fluid and from the nerve suggests a direct role of this agent. In
      this study an indirect mechanism such as a vascular spasm may also favour the
      occurrence of these facial palsies.

PMID- 3413463
TI  - [Mortality and cause of death in a 20-year follow-up of the Basel study].
AB  - The results of a mortality follow-up in the Basle Study (BS) for the period 1965
      1986 are presented, involving data of 4224 males and 936 females. The autopsy
      rate was 60% and allowed confirmation of the death certificates. The mortality
      rate of BS men is considerably higher (22% = 928 male) than that of the - on the
      average younger-females (9.2% = 87 female). In the male cohort the age-specific
      10-year mortality is lower than in the general Swiss population due to a lower
      incidence of various diseases and accidents with fatal outcome and a lower
      incidence of cardiovascular death. On the other hand, a higher tumor incidence in
      the BS cohort from the age of 55 years on can be noted. This is mainly due to a
      higher frequency of lung cancer. With increasing duration of the follow-up the
      difference between the mortality of the general Swiss population and the BS
      participants diminishes. The higher tumor incidence observed could be explained
      by more accurate diagnoses in the BS group. Consequently, the Basel study cohort
      could-in relation to mortality data-be considered representative of the Swiss
      population.

PMID- 3413464
TI  - [Fasciola hepatica infection. Successful therapy using triclabendazole].
AB  - We report a case of human fascioliasis treated successfully with a single dose of
      triclabendazole, a benzimidazole compound. The most obvious effect was the rapid
      cessation of faecal egg excretion, which had been refractory to two previous
      treatment courses of albendazole. Cure seems to be confirmed by the absence of
      Fasciola eggs in repeated stool examinations after six months, achievement of
      clinical wellbeing, and normalization of laboratory tests. The only side effect
      of the treatment was a brief episode of fever and right upper abdominal pain
      occurring four days after administration of triclabendazole. The syndrome was
      probably due to disintegrating dead parasites; further observations are needed to
      explain the pathogenesis of this episode.

PMID- 3413465
TI  - [Fatal peripheral catheter phlebitis].
AB  - A 75-year-old man suffered from suppurative thrombophlebitis as a complication of
      a peripheral venous catheter (1.2 x 45 mm Teflon). In spite of rapid removal of
      the catheter at the time of clinical diagnosis of phlebitis and adequate
      antibiotic treatment, the Staphylococcus aureus sepsis developed into lethal
      endocarditis. The risk of thrombophlebitis can be minimized by limiting (less
      than 72 hours) the duration of cannulation. If pus is detected within the lumen
      of the vein, surgical excision of the involved vein remains the treatment of
      choice.

PMID- 3413466
TI  - [Cough from the viewpoint of the otorhinolaryngologist].
AB  - Cough is a symptom frequently encountered by the rhinolaryngologist. The
      underlying reasons are many and varied. Every affection of the larynx causes dry
      cough, and many diseases of the nose and paranasal sinuses may do so as well.
      Cough of unknown origin requires thorough investigation of the
      otorhinolaryngologic status. Last but not least, the psychosomatic aspect of the
      problem should not be underestimated.

PMID- 3413467
TI  - [Solitary peripheral nodules--diagnostic assessment].
AB  - Most solitary pulmonary nodules are detected by chance on routine chest
      radiography in asymptomatic individuals. Diagnostic evaluation is necessary
      unless the nodule's size and shape has remained unchanged for at least 2 years,
      as documented on earlier x-rays. Radiographic techniques alone are insufficient
      in evaluating the nodule's malignity. For this purpose invasive diagnostic
      procedures (transthoracic biopsy, bronchoscopy) are mandatory. If these fail to
      establish a definite diagnosis, thoracotomy may be performed.

PMID- 3413468
TI  - [The infection of dogs with Taenia hydatigena].

PMID- 3413469
TI  - [Mass collection and storage of Taenia hydatigena eggs and isolation of viable
      oncospheres].

PMID- 3413470
TI  - [Efficacy of pyrantel pamoate (Strongid) in the treatment of anoplocephalids in
      the horse].

PMID- 3413471
TI  - [Effects of sodium penicillin G, sulfadimidine, sulfadimethoxine and flunixin
      meglumine on respiration and circulation after intravenous administration to the
      anesthetized horse].

PMID- 3413472
TI  - Mechanism of interferon action. X--Antagonistic effect of ATP on pppA2'p5'A2'p5'A
      receptor.
AB  - pppA2'p5'A2'p5'A (2'-5'P3A3) receptor may be the first one in the oligonucleotide
      field. But ATP can compete with 2'-5'P3A3 for the receptor. This raises a
      question whether this is an ATP receptor. If not, what is the role of ATP for
      this receptor? Data available in this article show that ATP can bind to
      macrophages with saturability and reversibility. So ATP appears to be also a
      ligand of the receptor for 2'-5'P3A3. But the binding of ATP did not develop
      phagocytic effect as mentioned before. Moreover, ATP inhibited the enhancement of
      phagocytosis of macrophages by 2'-5'P3A3 when it acted together with 2'-5'P3A3 on
      macrophages at the same time. It is concluded that ATP is an antagonist of 2'
      5'P3A3 receptor. When macrophages were treated with ATP prior to 2'-5'P3A3 and
      the binding sites for 2'-5'P3A3 were first occupied by ATP, both the binding
      ability and the binding sites for 2'-5'P3A3 were first occupied by ATP, both the
      binding ability and the biological effect of 2'-5'P3A3 were all markedly blocked.
      The above data convincingly show that the action of 2'-5'P3A3 is definitely
      mediated through its receptor.

PMID- 3413473
TI  - Benveniste on Nature investigation.

PMID- 3413474
TI  - HHS policy on in vitro fertilization.

PMID- 3413475
TI  - Breaking the cycle of addiction.

PMID- 3413477
TI  - Psychologists and psychiatrists as expert witnesses.

PMID- 3413476
TI  - A ligase-mediated gene detection technique.
AB  - An assay for the presence of given DNA sequences has been developed, based on the
      ability of two oligonucleotides to anneal immediately adjacent to each other on a
      complementary target DNA molecule. The two oligonucleotides are then joined
      covalently by the action of a DNA ligase, provided that the nucleotides at the
      junction are correctly base-paired. Thus single nucleotide substitutions can be
      distinguished. This strategy permits the rapid and standardized identification of
      single-copy gene sequences in genomic DNA.

PMID- 3413479
TI  - Drug wars: legalization gets a hearing.

PMID- 3413478
TI  - BEIR IV report.
AB  - In the Research News article by Richard A. Kerr "In search of elusive little
      comets" (10 June, p. 1403), the position held by John Craven of the University of
      Iowa was incorrectly given. He is a senior research physicist.

PMID- 3413480
TI  - "Abzymes" make their mark?

PMID- 3413481
TI  - Fetal panel to meet.

PMID- 3413482
TI  - Induction of an antibody that catalyzes the hydrolysis of an amide bond.
AB  - Catalysis of amide bond hydrolysis is of singular importance in enzymology. An
      antibody was induced to an analog of a high-energy intermediate anticipated along
      the reaction coordinate of amide hydrolysis. This antibody is an amidase with
      high specificity and a large rate enhancement (250,000) relative to the
      uncatalyzed reaction. This reaction represents the kinetically most difficult
      hydrolysis reaction yet catalyzed by an antibody.

PMID- 3413483
TI  - Functional cooperativity between transcription factors UBF1 and SL1 mediates
      human ribosomal RNA synthesis.
AB  - The human ribosomal RNA promoter contains two distinct control elements (UCE and
      core) both of which are recognized by the sequence-specific DNA binding protein
      UBF1, which has now been purified to apparent homogeneity. The purified factor
      activates RNA polymerase I (RNA pol I) transcription through direct interactions
      with either control element. A second RNA pol I transcription factor, designated
      SL1, participates in the promoter recognition process and is required to
      reconstitute transcription in vitro. Although SL1 alone has no sequence-specific
      DNA binding activity, deoxyribonuclease I footprinting experiments reveal that a
      cooperative interaction between UBF1 and SL1 leads to the formation of a new
      protein-DNA complex at the UCE and core elements. In vitro transcription
      experiments indicate that formation of the UBF1-SL1 complex is vital for
      transcriptional activation by UBF1. Thus, protein-protein interactions between
      UBF1 and SL1 are required for targeting of SL1 to cis-control sequences of the
      promoter.

PMID- 3413484
TI  - Binding of a cytosolic protein to the iron-responsive element of human ferritin
      messenger RNA.
AB  - The human ferritin H chain messenger RNA contains a specific iron-responsive
      element (IRE) in its 5' untranslated region, which mediates regulation by iron of
      ferritin translation. An RNA gel retardation assay was used to demonstrate the
      affinity of a specific cytosolic binding protein for the IRE. A single-base
      deletion in the IRE eliminated both the interaction of the cytoplasmic protein
      with the IRE and translational regulation. Thus, the regulatory potential of the
      IRE correlates with its capacity to specifically interact with proteins.
      Titration curves of binding activity after treatment of cells with an iron
      chelator suggest that the factor acts as a repressor of ferritin translation.

PMID- 3413485
TI  - Transcription factor OTF-1 is functionally identical to the DNA replication
      factor NF-III.
AB  - Octamer transcription factor-1 (OTF-1) and nuclear factor III (NF-III) are
      sequence-specific DNA binding proteins that activate transcription and DNA
      replication, respectively. It is shown here that OTF-1 is physically and
      biologically indistinguishable from NF-III. This conclusion is based on the
      following observations. First, the two proteins have identical mobilities by SDS
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Second, OTF-1 binds to the adenovirus origin
      of DNA replication at the same site and with the same affinity as NF-III. Third,
      OTF-1 can substitute for NF-III in activating the initiation of adenovirus DNA
      replication in vitro. Fourth, the ability of OTF-1 to stimulate viral DNA
      replication is dependent on the presence of an intact NF-III binding site within
      the origin of replication. Fifth, NF-III can substitute for OTF-1 in activating
      in vitro transcription from the human histone H2b promoter. These data suggest
      the possibility that NF-III/OTF-1 is a protein that functions in both cellular
      DNA replication and transcription.

PMID- 3413488
TI  - Do short-term tests predict rodent carcinogenicity?

PMID- 3413487
TI  - A mutation of the circadian system in golden hamsters.
AB  - A mutation has been found that dramatically shortens the period of the circadian
      locomotor rhythm of golden hamsters. The pattern of inheritance of this mutation
      suggests that it occurred at a single, autosomal locus (tau). Wild-type animals
      have rhythms with free-running periods averaging about 24 hours; animals
      heterozygous for the mutation have periods of about 22 hours, whereas homozygous
      animals have rhythms with periods close to 20 hours. Animals that carry the
      mutant alleles exhibit abnormal entrainment to 24-hour light:dark cycles or are
      unable to entrain.

PMID- 3413486
TI  - Platelet-derived growth factor A chain is maternally encoded in Xenopus embryos.
AB  - Transcription of zygotic genes does not occur in early Xenopus embryos until the
      mid-blastula transition, 6 to 7 hours after fertilization. Before this time,
      development is directed by maternal proteins and messenger RNAs stored within the
      egg. Two different forms of the A chain of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)
      are shown here to be encoded by maternal messenger RNAs. The two forms closely
      resemble human PDGF; however, the long form contains a hydrophobic region near
      the carboxyl terminus. The presence of PDGF messenger RNA in the embryo supports
      the idea that endogenous growth factors act at the earliest stages of
      embryogenesis.

PMID- 3413489
TI  - Thinking tough.

PMID- 3413490
TI  - Ozone pollution: the hard choices.

PMID- 3413492
TI  - Canine distemper may be killing North Sea seals.

PMID- 3413491
TI  - Malaria vaccine trials.

PMID- 3413493
TI  - NCI may evaluate "alternative therapy".

PMID- 3413494
TI  - Lower radiation effect found.

PMID- 3413495
TI  - Physical analysis of transcription preinitiation complex assembly on a class II
      gene promoter.
AB  - Transcription of protein-encoding genes by human RNA polymerase II requires
      multiple ancillary proteins (transcription factors). Interactions between these
      proteins and the promoter DNA of a viral class II gene (the major late
      transcription unit of adenovirus) were investigated by enzymatic and chemical
      footprinting. The experiments indicated that the assembly of functionally active
      RNA polymerase II-containing transcription preinitiation complexes requires a
      complete set of transcription factors, and that both specific protein-DNA and
      protein-protein interactions are involved. This allows individual steps along the
      transcription reaction pathway to be tested directly, thus providing a basis for
      understanding basic transcription initiation mechanisms as well as the regulatory
      processes that act on them.

PMID- 3413496
TI  - Application of the quail-chick chimera system to the study of brain development
      and behavior.
AB  - Hatched chicks with chimeric brains containing cells from both the domestic
      chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) and the Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix
      japonica) have been produced by transplantation of various regions of the neural
      tube at the 8- to 15- somite stage. The positions of host and donor cells
      relative to graft boundaries observed throughout embryonic development and after
      hatching implicated both radial and tangential cell movements in brain
      morphogenesis. In addition, transplants containing the entire quail mesencephalon
      and diencephalon resulted in the transfer of certain aspects of species-typical
      crowing behavior.

PMID- 3413499
TI  - Professional ethical dilemmas.

PMID- 3413497
TI  - Autologous red cell agglutination assay for HIV-1 antibodies: simplified test
      with whole blood.
AB  - An antibody detection procedure based on agglutination of autologous red cells
      has been developed for samples of whole blood. A nonagglutinating monoclonal
      antibody to human red blood cells conjugated to a synthetic peptide antigen (in
      this case residues 579 to 601 of the HIV-1 envelope precursor, Arg-Ile-Leu-Ala
      Val-Glu-Arg-Tyr-Leu-Lys-Asp-Gln-Gln-Leu-Leu-Gly-Ile-Trp- Gly-Cys - Ser-Gly-Lys)
      permitted the detection of antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus type 1
      (HIV-1) in 10 microliters of whole blood within 2 minutes. Agglutination was
      specifically inhibited by addition of synthetic peptide antigen but not by
      unrelated peptides. The frequency of false positive results was 0.1% with HIV-1
      seronegative blood donors (n = 874). The false negative results were
      approximately 1% (n = 81). The autologous red cell agglutination test is
      potentially suitable for simple, rapid, qualitative screening for antibodies to a
      variety of antigens of medical and veterinary diagnostic significance.

PMID- 3413498
TI  - Nursing no place to scrimp on health care cost.

PMID- 3413500
TI  - The role of the nurse in the prevention of depression in women.

PMID- 3413501
TI  - Impact on nursing education.

PMID- 3413502
TI  - Cuba 1987.

PMID- 3413503
TI  - Incomplete congenital sternal fissure.

PMID- 3413504
TI  - A modern approach to the abdominal mass in children.

PMID- 3413506
TI  - [Bandages].

PMID- 3413505
TI  - [Thiazines and their derivatives].

PMID- 3413507
TI  - [The nurse, health educator].

PMID- 3413508
TI  - [Prevention of nosocomial infections].

PMID- 3413509
TI  - [Waste products in a nursing ward. Elements of observation for the proper
      regulation of a ward].

PMID- 3413510
TI  - [Concert "Bathing for 4 hands or bathing in three quarter time"].

PMID- 3413511
TI  - [The treatment of waste products of the biological laboratory. An experience with
      containers].

PMID- 3413512
TI  - [The hands between 2 washings. Study of the frequency of and the indications for
      handwashing].

PMID- 3413513
TI  - [Comparative study of antiseptic products for the hands].

PMID- 3413515
TI  - [Antiparkinson agents: levodopa].

PMID- 3413514
TI  - [The French jurisdictions].

PMID- 3413516
TI  - [Fear and the institution].

PMID- 3413517
TI  - [Ways of relieving anxiety in the general hospital].

PMID- 3413519
TI  - [Fear, me, never! Fear experienced by the staff].

PMID- 3413518
TI  - [Psychosis and day hospital. "The fear of others, the fear of being different"].

PMID- 3413521
TI  - [Fear--Strength or weakness].

PMID- 3413520
TI  - [Fear of the caregiver--or don't touch my world!].

PMID- 3413522
TI  - [At risk of fear. Observations from an outpatient practice].

PMID- 3413524
TI  - [Symptomatology of fear. Fear, anxiety, anguish, panic].

PMID- 3413523
TI  - [Anxieties of a prison therapist].

PMID- 3413525
TI  - [Visits and home care in infant-child psychiatry].

PMID- 3413526
TI  - [Discussion groups in geriatric psychiatry. A clinical approach (1)].

PMID- 3413527
TI  - [The sensory isolation unit. Patients of Abbaye come and go from the unit].

PMID- 3413528
TI  - [Reorganization of the mechanism of public health economics in Czechoslovakia].

PMID- 3413529
TI  - [Public health in the Polish People's Republic during the economic reform].

PMID- 3413530
TI  - [Social and psychological aspects of innovative processes in public health].

PMID- 3413531
TI  - [Improving polyclinical services for children].

PMID- 3413533
TI  - [Objectives and prospects of the development of the economic system of Soviet
      public health].

PMID- 3413532
TI  - [Perspectives in the certification of work places in the public health system].

PMID- 3413534
TI  - [Certification of laboratories of the sanitary and epidemiological stations].

PMID- 3413535
TI  - [Prevalence of smoking among students].

PMID- 3413536
TI  - [A register of acute myocardial infarction in practical public health].

PMID- 3413537
TI  - [Borderline arterial hypertension in a structural male population].

PMID- 3413538
TI  - [Play as an active method of health promotion].

PMID- 3413539
TI  - [Research on economic problems in the member countries of the COMECON].

PMID- 3413540
TI  - [Problems and objectives of the training of public health administrators in
      health economics].

PMID- 3413541
TI  - [Hemostasis in the focal forms of tick-borne encephalitis].

PMID- 3413542
TI  - [Complications of endolymphatic antibiotic therapy and measures for their
      prevention].

PMID- 3413543
TI  - [Recurrent hernias of the anterior abdominal wall in diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 3413544
TI  - [Moradol in the pain syndrome of cancer patients].

PMID- 3413545
TI  - [The importance of the family anamnesis in the practical work of the physician].

PMID- 3413546
TI  - [Systemic candidiasis in chronic lympholeukemia].

PMID- 3413547
TI  - [Disseminated sclerosis in optic neuritis].

PMID- 3413548
TI  - [The soft-tissue capillary bed of the extremities in pseudarthrosis of the
      bones].

PMID- 3413549
TI  - [Intrapulmonary needle-jet injections of antibiotics].

PMID- 3413551
TI  - [The work capacity of patients with disseminated sclerosis].

PMID- 3413550
TI  - [Lupus glomerulonephritis in the male].

PMID- 3413552
TI  - [Effect of sensit on the course of ischemic heart disease].

PMID- 3413553
TI  - [Use of terbutaline in patients with myocardial infarct and concomitant chronic
      obstructive diseases of the lungs].

PMID- 3413554
TI  - [Functional assessment of the adrenals in arterial hypertension].

PMID- 3413555
TI  - [Hepatoprotective preparations in the treatment of circulatory failure].

PMID- 3413556
TI  - [Hemosorption in the combined treatment of nonspecific ulcerative colitis].

PMID- 3413557
TI  - [Clinico-immunological comparisons in rheumatoid arthritis].

PMID- 3413559
TI  - [Diagnostic characteristics of early stomach cancer].

PMID- 3413558
TI  - [Endoscopy in foreign bodies of the upper digestive tract].

PMID- 3413560
TI  - [Early differential diagnosis of gallbladder diseases].

PMID- 3413561
TI  - [Use of psychopharmacological agents in biliary tract dyskinesias].

PMID- 3413562
TI  - [Dependence of the course of liver cirrhosis on the age and sex of the patients].

PMID- 3413564
TI  - [Treatment procedure with the victims of cranio-thoracic trauma].

PMID- 3413563
TI  - [Peritol in exacerbated chronic pancreatitis].

PMID- 3413565
TI  - [The role of the health jurisdiction in state health systems].

PMID- 3413566
TI  - [Antisocial behavior and drug use in a national sample of Mexican students].

PMID- 3413567
TI  - [The impact of oral rehydration on the mortality from intestinal infections in
      the state of Jalisco, 1984-1986].

PMID- 3413569
TI  - [The challenge of public health education in Mexico approaching the 21st
      century].

PMID- 3413568
TI  - [Scorpion stings in Guerrero: an epidemiologic study in 20 communities].

PMID- 3413570
TI  - [Public health: a field of study and an arena for action].

PMID- 3413571
TI  - [Disease and global death vs. preventive medicine and universal peace].

PMID- 3413572
TI  - [Declaration of health workers on the arms race and the danger of nuclear war.
      World Conference of Health Workers on Well-being, Health and Peace].

PMID- 3413574
TI  - [Treatment of acute peripheral arterial insufficiency].

PMID- 3413573
TI  - [The effect of hypoxic stress on the morpho-dynamic characteristics of blood
      vessels of the adrenal glands in female laboratory rats].

PMID- 3413575
TI  - [Values of oxygen partial pressure and percentage of oxygen saturation in fetal
      blood during labor with clear and meconium-stained amniotic fluid].

PMID- 3413576
TI  - [Paralysis of the recurrent nerve in phoniatric practice].

PMID- 3413577
TI  - [Relation between diabetes and ulcer disease].

PMID- 3413578
TI  - [Early diagnosis of diabetes mellitus in children].

PMID- 3413579
TI  - [Chronic autoimmune thyroiditis in children and adolescents].

PMID- 3413580
TI  - [Congenital adrenal hyperplasia--early diagnosis and treatment].

PMID- 3413581
TI  - [New aspects of the roentgen ordinance].

PMID- 3413582
TI  - [Quality assurance of x-ray equipment by the manufacturer (abridged version)].

PMID- 3413583
TI  - [Control of x-ray equipment for quality assurance (constancy testing)].

PMID- 3413584
TI  - [Experiences with acceptance testing of x-ray equipment].

PMID- 3413585
TI  - [Quality control during processing of film in x-ray establishments].

PMID- 3413586
TI  - [Guidelines for physicians regarding quality control in x-ray diagnosis].

PMID- 3413587
TI  - [The importance of computer tomography in abdominal surgery].

PMID- 3413588
TI  - [Spontaneous infection of an intervertebral disk].

PMID- 3413589
TI  - [Traction injury of the nerve roots in the lumbosacral plexus].

PMID- 3413590
TI  - [A simple method of peroperative revision of the biliary tract using intubation
      and palpation].

PMID- 3413591
TI  - [Problems in microsurgical replantation].

PMID- 3413592
TI  - [Injuries of the head and brain from a slaughtering gun].

PMID- 3413593
TI  - [Bilateral rupture of the quadriceps muscle tendon].

PMID- 3413594
TI  - [The anterior tibial syndrome arising after plasty of the crural fascia in muscle
      hernias].

PMID- 3413595
TI  - [A model for calculating fluid requirements in the acute stage of burns].

PMID- 3413596
TI  - [Transvenous interruption of the inferior vena cava in the prevention of
      pulmonary embolism].

PMID- 3413597
TI  - [Anatomic correction of an anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the
      pulmonary artery].

PMID- 3413599
TI  - [Cholecystostomy--indications used at the First Surgical Clinic in Brno].

PMID- 3413598
TI  - [Indications for surgery in unilateral and bilateral enlargement of the thyroid
      in children].

PMID- 3413600
TI  - [Personal experience with primary peroperative cholangiography and
      cholangiometry].

PMID- 3413601
TI  - [Benign tumors of the retroperitoneum].

PMID- 3413602
TI  - [A fibrin coagulum as the cause of obstructive icterus in chronic cholecystitis].

PMID- 3413603
TI  - [Autotransplantation of the spleen after splenectomy in trauma].

PMID- 3413605
TI  - [Scientific medical information--search and retrieval].

PMID- 3413604
TI  - [Foreign bodies in the rectum].

PMID- 3413606
TI  - South African health care and the proprietary medicine industry.
AB  - A large-scale national sample survey was conducted to assess the health and
      sickness profiles of the population by conventional demographic parameters. The
      objective was to ascertain how people treated particular ailments and in
      particular how and when they used proprietary medicines and other self-medication
      alternatives rather than a professional medical practitioner. The attitudes to
      self-medication by the respondents were largely positive. Self-selected
      treatments were perceived to be successful. A panel of physicians was asked to
      comment on the medical suitability of the ailments chosen for self-treatment and
      of the medicines selected. People were deemed generally to administer self
      medication responsibly and sensibly and in the case of more serious ailments did,
      correctly, consult professionals.

PMID- 3413607
TI  - [The correlation between ECG characteristics and hemodynamic results in isolated
      atrial septal defects].
AB  - Electrocardiographic characteristics and haemodynamic findings in 30 patients
      with secundum atrial septal defects were correlated retrospectively to determine
      whether any haemodynamic deductions could be made based on ECG findings. Although
      statistically significant correlations were found, no accurate haemodynamic
      estimations could be made based on ECG findings.

PMID- 3413608
TI  - Pulmonary non-tuberculous mycobacterial disease.
AB  - We confirmed 3 and identified 7 possible cases of pulmonary non-tuberculous
      mycobacterial disease. The clinical and radiological features were
      indistinguishable from those of tuberculosis, although a few thin-walled cavities
      may have been more suggestive of non-tuberculous disease. Previously described
      predisposing factors were identified in our patients and included previous
      fibrocavitating disease, chronic airflow obstruction and bronchiectasis. However,
      5 patients had no pre-existing lung disease. The difficulties in treating these
      patients are discussed and in view of the chronic indolent course, prolonged
      aggressive polypharmacy is usually not indicated. It is recommended that at least
      two consecutive sputum specimens be sent for culture and drug resistance testing
      whenever the disease is suspected. This will help differentiate colonisation from
      infection and rationalise management.

PMID- 3413609
TI  - [Epidemiology of poisonings in the Bloemfontein area, 1980-1985].
AB  - An epidemiological study of human poisoning in the Bloemfontein area over a
      recent 6-year period was performed. Deliberate and accidental poisonings were
      studied relative to: (i) age of poisoned persons; (ii) sex of poisoned persons;
      (iii) type of poison involved; and (iv) the time the poisoning occurred. The
      study also included the number of patients admitted to hospital after poisoning.
      The incidences of some agents involved were compared with those in two previous
      studies done in the same area.

PMID- 3413610
TI  - Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus at Tygerberg Hospital.
AB  - During 1985 Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from blood cultures of 74 patients
      at Tygerberg Hospital who were suffering from serious illness compatible with
      systemic spread of the organism. Twenty-six isolates (35%) were community
      acquired and none were methicillin-resistant, while 48 were hospital-acquired of
      which 23 (48%) were methicillin-resistant. Methicillin resistance appears to be a
      problem confined to hospital isolates of S. aureus.

PMID- 3413611
TI  - Are we telling elderly patients enough about their medication?
AB  - A survey was carried out among 200 elderly outpatients to determine the amount of
      information they had received about their medication, the source of their
      information and whether they wanted to know more about their treatment. Seventy
      one per cent (142) indicated that the reasons for the medication had been
      explained, although only 13% (26) had been warned about side-effects; most of
      this information was obtained from their doctors. Thirty-six subjects (18%)
      claimed that no-one had given them any information about their drugs. More
      information about their drugs was requested by 114 patients (57%). Forty-eight
      subjects (24%) were taking additional medications, mostly obtained 'over the
      counter'. Lack of information about drug therapy makes prescribing hazardous and
      not fully effective. Various ways of improving patient knowledge about medication
      are discussed.

PMID- 3413612
TI  - Penetrating abdominal wounds--a prospective trial of conservative treatment based
      on physical signs.
AB  - Between 1980-1987 605 patients with penetrating abdominal wounds were admitted to
      Victoria Hospital; 105 had gunshot wounds of whom 103 had laparotomies with
      positive findings. It is concluded that virtually all patients with gunshot
      wounds of the abdomen require laparotomy. The remaining 500 patients presented
      with stab wounds of the abdomen and were admitted to the surgical wards; of these
      357 had physical signs necessitating immediate laparotomy while the remainder
      were observed. A further 60 observed patients required a late laparotomy and 8 of
      these patients developed complications; there was 1 death. The overall
      unnecessary laparotomy rate was 21% (105 patients) with a morbidity of 5.7%.
      Ninety-five patients had omentum protruding through the wound; 17 were treated
      conservatively without sequelae and a further 22 had negative findings at
      laparotomy. There were no significant differences in the morbidity and mortality
      rates between the conservatively treated group and those requiring immediate
      laparotomy. It is apparent that there is a definite place for conservative
      treatment of penetrating stab wounds of the abdomen even when there is protruding
      omentum. Cases which need particular care are those with stab wounds in and below
      the 5th left intercostal space and stab wounds of the back and flank. Penetrating
      stab wounds of the colon, irrespective of site, can be managed by simple closure
      in the majority of patients.

PMID- 3413613
TI  - Treatment of Candida albicans meningitis with intravenous and intrathecal
      miconazole. A case report.
AB  - Systemic fungal infection in an infant is difficult to diagnose and manage. The
      treatment is prolonged and is usually with toxic drugs. The use of intravenous
      and intrathecal miconazole (Daktarin; Janssen) in a small baby of 5 months was
      most satisfactory.

PMID- 3413614
TI  - Myoglobinuric renal failure after generalised tonic-clonic seizures. A case
      report.
AB  - A 47-year-old man developed progressive renal impairment after a series of seven
      generalised tonic-clonic seizures. The patient did not become oliguric and
      because recovery of renal function was rapid, dialysis was not required. The
      diagnosis of myoglobin-induced renal failure was made on the basis of markedly
      elevated muscle enzyme values, and myoglobin in the urine.

PMID- 3413615
TI  - [Dilated cardiomyopathy in a patient with ankylosing spondylitis. A case report].
AB  - A patient presented with typical features of ankylosing spondylitis, as well as
      some of the biochemical abnormalities expected in this disease. In addition the
      patient had symptoms and signs of biventricular heart failure (dilated
      cardiomyopathy) with conduction defect. No valve lesions were demonstrated. A non
      reducible head tilt, seldom described in ankylosing spondylitis, was also
      present. A short review of the possible mechanisms in the development of dilated
      cardiomyopathy in ankylosing spondylitis is given.

PMID- 3413616
TI  - Pericardial effusion and heart block caused by lymphoma. A case report.
AB  - A 28-year-old woman with cardiac failure, heart block, and both pleural and
      pericardial effusions is described. Despite numerous investigations, the
      diagnosis of a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was not made until after the patient's
      death. Cardiac involvement by lymphoma is reviewed.

PMID- 3413617
TI  - Myocardial bridging as a cause of myocardial infarction. A case report.
AB  - There is controversy over the clinical significance of myocardial bridging. A
      case of symptomatic bridging of the left anterior descending coronary artery
      resulting in myocardial infarction is reported.

PMID- 3413618
TI  - Suicide attempts among adolescent adoptees.

PMID- 3413619
TI  - Why marathon runners collapse.

PMID- 3413620
TI  - Decreasing incidence of hepatitis B infection in black blood donors in Natal.

PMID- 3413621
TI  - Modern psychiatric community services in the RSA.

PMID- 3413622
TI  - Health education of families with a history of premature heart disease.

PMID- 3413624
TI  - The curative institution. The grounding of the financing concept. II. Concept of
      medical assistance institute.

PMID- 3413623
TI  - WHO Regional Committee for Europe. A common front against AIDS and tobacco.

PMID- 3413625
TI  - Reprint of the scientific article: usefulness, obtainment and storage.

PMID- 3413626
TI  - [Problems in evaluating public health].

PMID- 3413627
TI  - Technical-scientific progress and health protection in Soviet Latvia.

PMID- 3413628
TI  - A report of the Cuban experiences to the I.E.G. on diabetes health care planning.

PMID- 3413629
TI  - [Integration in health protection policy. II. The development of integrated
      institutions and their activities after 1975].

PMID- 3413630
TI  - [Effect of organic solvents on a group of workers exposed while working in
      cellophane manufacture].

PMID- 3413631
TI  - [Clinical laboratory diagnosis (the results of the technical and scientific
      cooperation of Comecon member countries)].

PMID- 3413632
TI  - [Education for health in the schools of the Socialist Republic of Romania].

PMID- 3413634
TI  - Vascular trauma.

PMID- 3413635
TI  - [Oral contraceptives: estrogens-progestins (1)].

PMID- 3413636
TI  - [Maternal complications of cesarean section].

PMID- 3413633
TI  - [Microbial and parasitic contamination of the soil in play areas reserved for
      children].

PMID- 3413637
TI  - [Obstetrical fate of a woman who had a cesarean section].

PMID- 3413638
TI  - [Cesarean section under peridural anesthesia with placement of a peridural
      catheter].

PMID- 3413640
TI  - [Cholestasis in infants. The nurses' viewpoint].

PMID- 3413639
TI  - [Cholestasis in infants. Symptomatology].

PMID- 3413641
TI  - [Cesarean section. Anatomical review].

PMID- 3413644
TI  - [Living rhythms of children affected by school rhythms. "Chronobiology to the aid
      of child rearing].

PMID- 3413642
TI  - [Infant care nurse, what are you doing in the maternity units to educate
      mothers?].

PMID- 3413643
TI  - [Indications for cesarean section].

PMID- 3413645
TI  - [Anesthesia--recovery and cesarean section].

PMID- 3413647
TI  - Functioning hepatic cell mass and the hyperdynamic state in cirrhosis.
AB  - Seventeen patients with advanced hepatic cirrhosis underwent cardiopulmonary
      assessment by means of Swan-Ganz catheters combined with indocyanine green
      clearance studies to measure functioning hepatic cell mass. The indocyanine green
      clearance test was found to have a statistically significant linear correlation
      with such indicators of the hyperdynamic circulatory state as cardiac index and
      total peripheral resistance. Results from these studies also showed that the
      hyperdynamic state in cirrhosis is associated with limited oxygen consumption as
      compared with a control series of patients. Of the 14 patients who required
      operations, eight survived and six died. The mean indocyanine green clearance was
      a statistically significant predictor of death.

PMID- 3413646
TI  - Emergence of antibiotic resistant strains of Bacteroides fragilis.
AB  - From 1981 to 1986, antibiotic susceptibility was tested by the agar dilution
      method in 534 isolates of Bacteroides fragilis organisms recovered from clinical
      specimens. Drugs evaluated included penicillin, ampicillin, tetracycline,
      clindamycin, metronidazole and chloramphenicol. Based on in vitro testing,
      tetracycline, ampicillin and penicillin were ineffective against B. fragilis
      because of high rates of resistance to these agents (74 per cent tetracycline
      resistant, 80 per cent ampicillin resistant and 89 per cent penicillin
      resistant). Throughout the five years of the study, 5.1 per cent of the organisms
      studied were resistant to clindamycin compared with 2.1 per cent resistant to
      metronidazole (p less than 0.01) and 0.9 per cent resistant to chloramphenicol (p
      less than 0.001). More important than the relative resistance rates to the
      various antibiotics is the observation that this is a dynamic process that is
      influenced by local practices of administering antibiotics. In 1981, the first
      year of the survey, no clindamycin resistant B. fragilis isolates were
      identified; by 1986, 7.8 per cent of the strains proved resistant to this
      antibiotic. Similarly, no metronidazole or chloramphenicol resistant organisms
      were demonstrated in 1981 or 1982; thereafter, resistance to these two drugs was
      noted with increasing frequency each year. The emergence of B. fragilis strains
      that are resistant to the antibiotics in current use mandates the surveillance of
      the local susceptibility data to identify important trends. When increasing rates
      of resistance are noted to one antibiotic, alternative regimens can be used.

PMID- 3413648
TI  - Long term follow-up study of the marsupialization technique for urethral
      diverticula in women.
AB  - Fifty-seven women with urethral diverticula were evaluated between 1977 and 1986.
      Thirty-seven patients had a history of documented recurrent urinary tract
      infections. Other common leading symptoms were dysuria, frequency, stress urinary
      incontinence and dyspareunia. The diagnosis was established in 26 patients by
      voiding cystourethrography. A Spence marsupialization procedure was performed
      upon 40 patients. Postoperatively, all patients had normal voiding
      cystourethrograms, sterile urine and relief of symptoms. On long term follow-up
      study (mean of five years), 53 patients considered the operation as having been
      successful. Complications were encountered in four patients--stress urinary
      incontinence grade I in three patients and recurrent urinary tract infection in
      association with urethral stricture in one patient. The Spence marsupialization
      procedure is associated with a high success rate and low morbidity, thus, making
      it applicable to the majority of all distal urethral diverticula in women.

PMID- 3413649
TI  - Effect of pretransplant graft irradiation on canine intestinal transplantation.
AB  - This study was done to define the tolerance of ex vivo administered irradiation
      to intestinal allograft and to assess the effect of irradiation on the incidence
      and severity of rejection and graft versus host disease after intestinal
      transplantation in dogs. Excessive intestinal damage was produced by 2,500 rads,
      but 750 and 1,500 rads produced no detectable acute or chronic damage in dogs
      observed from 100 days to two years. Using cyclosporine for postoperative
      immunosuppression, 1,500 rads reduced the incidence of acute (p = 0.05) and
      chronic rejection (p = 0.08), yet did not impair intestinal absorption of
      cyclosporine. The greatest improvement in survival occurred with 750 rads (p =
      0.02). Histologic evidence of graft versus host disease appeared in the native
      small intestine in two of four long term surviving dogs receiving a nonirradiated
      graft but in none of the dogs receiving irradiated grafts. Irradiation of the
      graft may be a promising adjunct in the search for a clinically applicable method
      of intestinal transplantation.

PMID- 3413650
TI  - Endotoxemia and cholestasis.
AB  - Endotoxemia has been incriminated as a major cause of morbidity and mortality in
      patients with obstructive jaundice. It has been postulated that absence of
      gastrointestinal bile salt flow in cholestasis enhances portal absorption of
      bacterial endotoxin from the intestine, thereby predisposing the host to
      endotoxemia and its complications. This study re-evaluates this pathologic
      mechanism, using new quantitative chromogenic and conventional qualitative
      limulus techniques for the detection of bacterial endotoxin. Female Sprague
      Dawley rats underwent either ligation of bile duct or sham operation. Serum total
      bilirubin, serum bile acid and intestinal bile acid concentrations were
      determined seven, 14 and 21 days after operation. Chromogenic and conventional
      qualitative limulus lysate endotoxin determinations were simultaneously performed
      on post-operative days two, seven, 14 and 21. Serum total bilirubin and bile acid
      concentrations were elevated and intestinal bile acid levels depressed at days
      seven, 14 and 21 (p less than 0.05). Results of quantitative and qualitative
      limulus studies failed to demonstrated the coexisting development of portal or
      systemic endotoxemia in rats with the bile duct ligated after diminution of flow
      of gastrointestinal bile salt. These data refute the hypothesis that flow of
      gastrointestinal bile salt enhances portal absorption of intestinally derived
      endotoxin and suggest alternative mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of
      endotoxemia in obstructive jaundice.

PMID- 3413651
TI  - Obturator hernia.
AB  - Obturator hernias are relatively rare. In the past 15 years at the Mayo Clinic,
      eight patients underwent nine operations for repair of 11 obturator hernias,
      which represented 0.073 per cent (11 of 15,098) of all hernias repaired at this
      institution. Elderly women with chronic disease were most frequently affected.
      Symptoms were usually intermittent; mechanical small intestinal obstruction was
      the most common presenting condition, followed by pain in the thigh or groin
      area. The Howship-Romberg sign was found in only two patients, and a correct
      preoperative diagnosis was made in only one patient. Midline abdominal incisions
      were made in all patients. Incarcerated ileum was the most frequently encountered
      organ in the hernia sac. Surprisingly, foci of endometriosis in the obturator
      defect accounted for symptoms in two patients with three obturator hernias. Right
      sided obturator hernias outnumbered left, and bilateral obturator hernias were
      found synchronously in two instances and metachronously in one instance. The
      often debilitated state of the patients with obturator hernia and the frequent
      delay of diagnosis combined to produce significant operative morbidity and
      mortality rates.

PMID- 3413652
TI  - The operative management of fistulous Crohn's disease.
AB  - In 100 consecutive patients with fistulous Crohn's disease who were managed
      surgically during a 12 year period, a 96 per cent closure rate was obtained with
      only a 1 per cent 30 day mortality rate. En bloc resection of the diseased
      intestine and fistula with primary anastomosis was the preferred treatment, but
      temporary exteriorization of the intestinal ends was undertaken in patients
      compromised by extensive sepsis or profound hypoalbuminemia. In 43 patients,
      there were 70 secondary intestinal defects caused by the fistula eroding into
      otherwise healthy intestine. The majority of these defects were successfully
      closed by primary suture; however, three secondary duodenal defects, treated by
      primary suture alone, failed to heal and fistulas recurred. As a result, two of
      these patients died of overwhelming sepsis. Since adopting closure or protection
      of duodenal defects by a jejunal serosal patch, this problem has not arisen
      again. One defect in the sigmoid colon treated by primary suture also had
      recurrence of fistula, probably because the repair lay adjacent to an abscess
      cavity. Temporary loop colostomy is now used to protect repairs of defects in the
      sigmoid colon undertaken in the presence of local sepsis.

PMID- 3413653
TI  - Use of the multiple uptake gated acquisition scan for the preoperative assessment
      of cardiac risk.
AB  - A retrospective study was undertaken at three hospitals of 196 patients who
      underwent an operative procedure as long as 60 days after radionuclide
      determination (multiple uptake gated acquisition scan [MUGA]) of left ventricular
      ejection fraction (LVEF). Cardiac related mortality rates were 2.2 per cent among
      patients in group 1, LVEF greater than or equal to 55 per cent; 5.4 per cent in
      group 2, LVEF 36 to 54 per cent, and 19.5 per cent in group 3, LVEF less than or
      equal to 35 per cent (p less than 0.005). Statistically significant correlation
      between MUGA-derived LVEF and cardiac related mortality was found in veteran
      patients undergoing noncardiac surgical procedures (both vascular and
      nonvascular). There was no correlation between MUGA-derived LVEF and
      postoperative cardiac related mortality in cardiac surgical patients. A
      preoperative American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status Evaluation
      classification of IV or a preoperative pulmonary capillary wedge pressure of 20
      centimeters of water or greater also predicted an increased risk of postoperative
      cardiac death. We advise preoperative MUGA scans for all patients in whom the
      results of preoperative history or physical examination suggest compromised
      ventricular function. We also advise pulmonary arterial catheter hemodynamic
      monitoring during the perioperative period for all patients with a preoperative
      MUGA-derived LVEF of less than or equal to 35 per cent.

PMID- 3413655
TI  - A simple technique for redirection of malpositioned Broviac or Hickman catheters.
AB  - A simple angiographic technique for repositioning an aberrantly located Broviac
      or Hickman catheter tip is described. It is easy to perform and requires
      catheters and guide wires that are available in all angiography rooms. The
      technique is effective, and it has had no complications.

PMID- 3413654
TI  - Ultrasonic real time guidance for subclavian venipuncture.
AB  - To minimize the complications arising from the subclavian venipuncture,
      ultrasonically (2-D Doppler) guided puncture was tried upon ten patients.
      Venipuncture was successful in nine patients whose subclavian vein was visualized
      by 2-D Doppler. In one patient, the subclavian vein had shifted cephalad, so the
      subclavian venipuncture was abandoned. Ultrasonically guided venipuncture is
      thought to be safer and a more sure method for subclavian venipuncture.

PMID- 3413656
TI  - Mesh fixation of the mesentery for treatment of volvulus and recurrent stomal
      prolapse.
AB  - Mesenteric mesh-pexy is indicated for permanent and quick-clean fixation of the
      intestine. It is applicable to the treatment of recurrent stomal prolapse and
      intestinal volvulus when the intestine is viable, but resection, less definitive
      treatment or an additional operation would pose increased risks to the patient.
      Mesenteric mesh-pexy may also be considered prophylactically for floppy cecum and
      severely redundant loops of sigmoid colon.

PMID- 3413657
TI  - A fish shaped incision for mastectomy.
AB  - A fish shaped modification of the classic Stewart transverse incision is
      described. By adding the two triangular incisions, it corrects the inequality of
      the wound edges, prevents "dog ear" deformity and facilitates access to the
      axilla. It is particularly good for obese patients and produces excellent
      cosmetic results and healing.

PMID- 3413658
TI  - Is ERCP manometry useful in the choice of treatment of stones of the common bile
      duct?
AB  - To verify the appropriateness of sphincterotomy as the treatment of choice of
      choledocholithiasis, since 1980 we have been using endoscopic retrograde
      cholangiopancreatographic (ERCP) manometry of the sphincter of Oddi (SO). This
      method allows direct investigation of SO motor activity and provides useful
      information regarding the presence of benign papillary stenosis (BPS). Thirty
      four patients were investigated because the radiological examination indicated
      BPS might be present. Of these, 20 had common bile duct (CBD) stones, while the
      remaining 14 presented with biliarylike pain and one or more of the following:
      CBD dilation (larger than 12 mm); emptying of the ERCP contrast medium took
      longer than 45 min; abnormal liver function tests. Moreover, 8 healthy volunteers
      served as controls. Our results show that the incidence of SO motor anomalies is
      very low in the presence of choledocholithiasis, while it is substantial in
      patients with suspected SO dysfunction. These observations would suggest that,
      unlike the traditional view, BPS is rarely secondary to biliary lithiasis.
      Therefore, most of the sphincterotomies performed that are based on the
      assumption of underlying SO pathology should be considered unnecessary. Under
      these circumstances, the physiological role of a functioning SO has induced us to
      advocate sphincterotomy, surgical or endoscopic, in selected cases only.

PMID- 3413659
TI  - Technique of transanal endoscopic microsurgery.
AB  - Sessile adenomas are predominantly localized in the rectum and lower sigma.
      Surgical removal is indicated but often implies an invasive surgical procedure.
      Using conventional transanal surgical techniques, only the lower rectum can be
      reached and there are high rates of recurrence. The new technique combines an
      endoscopic view of the rectum under gas insufflation via a stereoscopic telescope
      with conventional surgical preparation and suturing. Adenomas can be excised
      using the mucosectomy technique or full-thickness-excision, whereas carcinomas
      should be excised using full-thickness excision with a sufficient border of
      healthy mucosa. In carcinomas of the sacral cavity, we remove the retrorectal fat
      up to the fascia of Waldeyer, including the regional lymph nodes. Transanal
      endoscopic microsurgery is the most economical and tissue-saving surgical
      technique for the removal of rectal adenomas and early rectal carcinomas.

PMID- 3413660
TI  - Intraoperative colonoscopy in the detection of nonpalpable colonic lesions--how
      to identify the affected bowel segment.
AB  - The development and widespread use of the colonic fiberscope has led to the
      identification of early colonic cancers which, being small and flat, are not
      palpable by intraoperative examination of the exterior of the intestine. Standard
      operation for cancer is required when snare polypectomy is insufficient, or when
      it is considered that the lesions would be resected incompletely by
      electrocautery. We report on the use of intraoperative colonoscopy in 11 patients
      to identify small lesions and to maintain an adequate distance from the lesions.
      Intraoperative colonoscopy allows lesions to be detected rapidly, safe
      operations, and a decrease in operation time.

PMID- 3413661
TI  - Intraluminal measurement of distance in the colorectal region employing rigid and
      flexible endoscopes.
AB  - Intraluminal measurements of distance cephalad to the anal verge in the
      colorectal region of 40 consecutive adult patients were performed employing rigid
      and flexible proctosigmoidoscopic techniques. In 2/40 (5%) patients, the
      measurements were identical. In 32/40 (80%) patients, measurements employing a
      flexible proctosigmoidoscope exceeded measurements employing a rigid instrument
      by at least 3 cm. The observations have relevance in the context of assessments
      of adequate distal margins and preservation of anal continence in patients
      requiring colorectal surgery via transabdominal, transsacral, transperineal,
      and/or transanal routes.

PMID- 3413662
TI  - Non-surgical treatment of jejunogastric intussusception.
AB  - Three cases of retrograde jejunogastric intussusception who were managed
      endoscopically are described. The diagnosis was made by means of endoscopy in one
      case and contrast radiology of the stomach in the other two. Endoscopic
      management consisted of reduction of the intussusception, followed by placement
      of a feeding tube deep in the intussuscepting segment. The patients responded
      very well and surgery could be avoided in all of them.

PMID- 3413664
TI  - Endovision 534.

PMID- 3413663
TI  - Endoscopic percutaneous cecostomy (EPC).
AB  - Endoscopic decompression of the distended colon has become a useful method of
      treating non-obstructive colonic ileus. We propose a method of establishing a
      cecal fistula by means of percutaneous puncture of the colon and pull-through of
      a Pezzer catheter. Although until now we have only performed this procedure
      twice, it seems to be a valuable therapeutic approach in cases of paralytic
      distension of the large bowel.

PMID- 3413665
TI  - Cryoglobulins.

PMID- 3413666
TI  - Nimodipine treatment of selected good-risk patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage:
      no significant difference between present and historical results.
AB  - Eighty-four patients were treated early with nimodipine intravenously, and
      thereafter orally, up to 21 days after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Thirty
      nine patients in the nimodipine-treated group were carefully selected to be
      compared with similar patients from a historical control group (114 patients)
      conventionally treated. The causes of poor results were clinically identified as
      follows: delayed ischemic deterioration (DID), rebleeding, complications of
      surgery, or not defined. There was no significant difference in the distribution
      of DID or outcome at follow-up examination (at least 6 months later) between the
      nimodipine-treated group and the control group.

PMID- 3413667
TI  - Epithelial cells in symptomatic Rathke's cleft cysts. A light- and electron
      microscopic study.
AB  - Epithelial cells composing symptomatic Rathke's cleft cysts were examined
      electron microscopically in two cases, and the fine structures were compared with
      those of the mucosa in the normal sphenoid sinus, of the normal choroid plexuses,
      and of a craniopharyngioma with goblet and ciliated cells. The Rathke's cleft
      cysts were composed of a single or pseudostratified epithelial layer abutting on
      the connective tissue. The epithelial cells were of four different kinds of
      cells, such as goblet, ciliated, flat, and basal cells. The flat cells containing
      bundles of tonofilaments and desmosomes were the squamous cells. They were
      present in a single-epithelial layer in both cases. The basal cells were present
      as small, wedge-shaped cells, even if the number was very small. The epithelial
      cells in Rathke's cleft cysts were more similar to those of the mucosa in the
      sphenoid sinus and those of a craniopharyngioma with goblet and ciliated cells
      than those of the choroid plexus. This study indicates the close relationship
      between Rathke's cleft cysts and mucosa in the sphenoid sinus or
      craniopharyngioma with ciliated and goblet cells.

PMID- 3413668
TI  - Metastases of the spinal cord from remote neoplasms. Study of five cases.
AB  - Five patients with acute or subacute myelopathy are reported in whom
      neuroradiologic imaging or open surgery showed an intrinsic spinal cord tumor.
      Histologic diagnosis was obtained either through direct spinal cord biopsy or
      after biopsy or removal of a former or concurrent intracranial metastasis.
      Carcinoma of "possible" gastrointestinal origin, oat-cell carcinoma, melanoma,
      and bronchogenic adenocarcinoma in two cases were demonstrated. The clinical
      course showed a devastating and irreversible deterioration of the neurological
      condition in all patients but one, who exhibited a mildly symptomatic disease.
      Our uncertainty with cases of intramedullary spinal cord metastasis resulted in a
      nonstandardized approach to these patients. The role of magnetic resonance
      imaging, the radiotherapeutic option, and the pertinent literature are briefly
      discussed.

PMID- 3413669
TI  - Liquid extradural hematoma with congenital fibrinogen deficiency. Case report.
AB  - A case of extradural hematoma in a child with congenital fibrinogen deficiency is
      reported. Although the hematoma was 3 days old, it was purely liquid.

PMID- 3413670
TI  - Extracranial-intracranial bypass surgery for the management of vasospasm after
      subarachnoid hemorrhage.
AB  - A case is presented which demonstrates the potential utility of the extracranial
      intracranial bypass procedure for the treatment of vasospasm after subarachnoid
      hemorrhage. Extracranial-intracranial bypass surgery offers another alternative
      to the treatment of patients with vasospasm who have failed aggressive medical
      management.

PMID- 3413671
TI  - Retained surgical sponge 40 years after laminectomy. Case report.
AB  - A man who previously had had a spinal operation was found to have a cavitary
      lesion in the dorsal bony elements of the lumbosacral spine. At surgery, it was
      found to contain a sterile, decayed surgical sponge.

PMID- 3413673
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies to intermediate filament proteins: diagnostic specificity
      in orbital pathology.
AB  - Intermediate filaments derived from different cell types are antigenically
      distinct. Monoclonal antibodies to human intermediate filament proteins can,
      therefore, be used as tissue-specific reagents capable of distinguishing cell
      type in poorly differentiated neoplasms. We report a case demonstrating the
      specificity of antiintermediate filament protein antibodies in establishing a
      difficult orbital diagnosis of esthesioneuroblastoma.

PMID- 3413672
TI  - Third ventricular primary cerebral neuroblastoma. Electron-microscopic and
      immunohistochemical study.
AB  - A case of third ventricular primary cerebral neuroblastoma with secondary
      hydrocephalus is reported. Light microscopy showed a cell pattern that resembled
      either ependymoma or oligodendroglioma. The tumor was confirmed to be
      neuroblastoma by electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry. Immunoperoxidase
      staining was positive for neuron-specific enolase and negative for glial
      fibrillary acidic protein.

PMID- 3413674
TI  - A lexicon for the expert witness and defendant.
AB  - Some important words and phrases are presented in this article which are used by
      the witness, defendant, defense attorney or plaintiff's attorney in deposition or
      in trial. It is important that any expert witness or defendant be cognizant of
      this lexicon in order to avoid mistakes in or misinterpretations of their
      testimony.

PMID- 3413675
TI  - Use of greater saphenous venous anomalies for lower extremity revascularization.
AB  - With widespread acceptance of autogenous vein as the conduit of choice for lower
      extremity revascularization, the vascular surgeon should make every attempt to
      fashion arterial bypasses from this material. The most popular of these is the
      greater saphenous vein, the anatomy of which is inconstant. Several techniques
      are described that make use of anomalies in the greater saphenous venous system
      to create effective conduits for arterial reconstruction.

PMID- 3413676
TI  - Late subjective and objective evaluation of the results of esophagomyotomy in 100
      patients with achalasia of the esophagus.
AB  - One hundred patients with achalasia of the esophagus were analyzed at a late
      follow-up by means of subjective and objective parameters. The surgical technique
      consisted of an anterior esophagomyotomy (6 cm long, not extending into the
      stomach more than 5 to 10 mm) with the addition of an anterior hemi-Nissen or Dor
      procedure, similar to the Thal serosal patch. No operative deaths occurred. The
      mean follow-up was 6.8 years, and only 1 patient was lost from this follow-up.
      Preoperative dysphagia, which was present in 100% of the patients, persisted only
      occasionally in 8%, and a significant gain in weight was recorded in 90% of the
      patients. In three patients epidermoid carcinoma developed 5 to 9 years after
      surgery. In one patient a severe gastroesophageal reflux with an esophageal ulcer
      developed. Radiologic studies demonstrated a significant increase in the diameter
      at the gastroesophageal junction and a decrease at the middle third of the
      esophagus (p less than 0.0001). The resting pressure of the lower esophageal
      sphincter showed a significant decrease, from 37 mm Hg to 10 mm Hg, after surgery
      (p less than 0.0001), when we analyzed 84 patients before and 68 patients after
      operation. The total length of this sphincter also decreased. The manometric
      evaluation of the lower esophageal sphincter pressure in the same 42 patients
      before, 2 months after, and 5 to 7 years after surgery demonstrated persistence
      of the low sphincter pressure. There was a significant increase in the amplitude
      of the esophageal waves, and the standard acid-reflux test demonstrated reflux
      into the esophagus in 19% of the patients. Final clinical evaluation showed
      excellent and good results in 92 of the 94 controlled patients.

PMID- 3413678
TI  - Surgical intensive care unit pneumonia.
AB  - With use of an objective numerical rating system for the assessment of the
      presence or absence of pneumonia on a chest x-ray film, 81 patients in the
      surgical intensive care unit with positive sputum cultures were assigned to
      either colonization (C; 39 patients) or pneumonia (P; 42 patients) groups.
      Respiratory failures preceding the first positive sputum culture and hepatic
      and/or renal failure were more frequent in the P group. Escherichia coli and
      Pseudomonas species, as well as polymicrobial sputa, were more common in the P
      group. Positive blood or pleural cultures with the same organism found in the
      sputum were noted in 10 of 11 P patients and only 3 of 10 C patients. Broad
      spectrum antibiotic therapy directed at all sputum pathogens decreased mortality
      in the P group but not in the C group. We conclude that an objective rating
      system for chest x-ray diagnosis provides a reasonable method for separating
      patients with pneumonia from those with colonization. We recommend antibiotic
      therapy directed at all sputum pathogens in patients in surgical intensive care
      units. For such therapy to be successful, however, diagnostic criteria must be
      precise and exclude patients with colonized pathogens.

PMID- 3413677
TI  - Pacing the canine ileostomy.
AB  - The aim of this study was to determine whether retrograde electric pacing of a 50
      cm isoperistaltic duodenal segment transposed to a location 30 cm proximal to the
      stoma would provide continence and improve absorption in dogs with incontinent
      ileostomies. In five ileostomy dogs with transposed duodenal segments, electrodes
      were applied to the segments for monitoring electric activity and for pacing the
      segments in a backward or orad direction at will. After recovery, each of the
      fasted, conscious dogs underwent four control and four pacing experiments during
      which ileostomy output and enteric transit and absorption were monitored for 9
      hours after a meal of 200 gm of technetium-99m-labeled liver and 50 ml of
      polyethylene glycol-labeled water. In pacing experiments the pacesetter
      potentials of the transposed segment were driven backward by pacing during the
      first 3 postcibal hours. Pacing markedly slowed gastrointestinal transit of both
      liquid and solid and decreased output from the stoma during the pacing period,
      thus changing an incontinent ileostomy into a more continent one. Output was only
      9 +/- 3 ml/hr (mean +/- SEM) during pacing, compared with 19 +/- 3 ml/hr without
      pacing (p = 0.01). Pacing, however, did not improve overall enteric absorption
      after the meal. In conclusion, pacing a duodenal segment transposed to a
      preileostomy location slowed intestinal transit and converted an incontinent
      ileostomy into a more continent one, but it did not improve overall intestinal
      absorption.

PMID- 3413679
TI  - Monocular ischemia--the influence of carotid atherosclerosis versus primary
      ocular disease on prognosis.
AB  - The etiology of monocular ischemia influences the clinical manifestation and long
      term neurologic and visual prognosis. During a 10-year period, 140 patients with
      monocular visual symptoms were evaluated and assigned to a carotid bifurcation
      occlusive disease group (group I) or a primary ocular disease group (group II) on
      the basis of angiographic findings and ophthalmologic evaluation. Patients with
      symptoms secondary to emboli from the carotid bifurcation tended to have a
      shorter duration of blindness and a lower incidence of permanent blindness
      initially and during follow-up. The presence of Hollenhorst plaques or retinal
      artery occlusion did not have any discriminatory diagnostic value since the
      incidence was similar in both patient groups. Since both primary eye disease and
      carotid bifurcation occlusive disease can be initially seen as monocular
      ischemia, carotid angiography and ophthalmologic consultation are necessary to
      select those patients who will benefit from carotid endarterectomy.

PMID- 3413680
TI  - Malignant hilar biliary obstruction treated by segmental bilioenteric
      anastomosis.
AB  - Segmental bilioenteric anastomosis procedures were performed on 22 patients with
      malignant hilar biliary obstructions. The majority of the bypasses were done to
      the segment 3 duct and a single anastomosis was performed in each patient. The
      operative mortality rate was 13.6% and morbidity, 27.3%. The biliary obstruction
      was completely relieved in 5 patients, partially but satisfactorily relieved in
      11 patients, and not relieved in 3 patients. The mean survival was 8 months, and
      the median survival was 6 months. Late complications were seen in 42% of the
      patients, and these complications included cholangitis, liver failure, and
      duodenal obstruction. An analysis of the operative results with respect to the
      presence of right and left ductal system communication showed that when
      communication was absent, there was a greater incidence of unsuccessful relief of
      the biliary obstruction. When communication was present, the incidence of late
      cholangitis that involved the undrained side was greater.

PMID- 3413681
TI  - Characteristics of patients operated on because of suspected arterial embolism: a
      multivariate analysis.
AB  - In order to improve the understanding and classification of patients with
      suspected arterial embolism, we performed a loglinear analysis to study the
      interactions among eight characteristics in 202 patients operated on as a result
      of this diagnosis. Female patients were generally older, were in a poorer cardiac
      state (NYHA class), and had shorter duration of symptoms before operation than
      male patients. Atrial dysrhythmias were more common in women than in men less
      than 75 years of age. After the age of 75, however, the incidence was similar in
      both sexes. Thus, apparently, poor cardiac function is more commonly associated
      with acute arterial occlusion in women than in men. In men arterial thrombosis
      secondary to arteriosclerotic occlusive disease may be more frequent. Ischemic
      heart disease, age of more than 75 years, and the fact that the patient was a
      woman were independent predictors of poor cardiac function. Atrial dysrhythmias
      increased the odds for proximal arterial occlusion compared with distal
      occlusion, but only in NYHA class 1-2, which suggests that low cardiac output
      might be of importance in distal thrombotic occlusion in patients with both
      atrial dysrhythmia and poor cardiac function. Patients with arteriosclerosis had
      symptoms of longer duration than patients without arteriosclerosis and men had
      symptoms of longer duration than women, which indicate that the diagnosis was
      more uncertain, or the disease less severe, in these patients. In patients
      without evidence of ischemic heart disease, poor cardiac function was a predictor
      of short duration of symptoms, which suggests that patients with
      nonatherosclerotic heart disease were correctly treated for arterial emboli
      without undue delay.

PMID- 3413682
TI  - A clot-inducing wound covering with high vapor permeability: enhancing effects on
      epidermal wound healing in partial-thickness wounds in guinea pigs.
AB  - Although the use of an occlusive wound covering accelerates the
      reepithelialization of a partial-thickness wound, it has the disadvantage of
      leading to wound exudate accumulation. The effect of an experimental
      polyetherurethane (PEU) wound covering with a high vapor permeability was
      compared with an occlusive wound covering (OpSite covering) and air exposure with
      respect to the rate of reepithelialization, eventual epidermal thickness, and
      scab thickness in 122 partial-thickness wounds in guinea pigs. The percentage of
      reepithelialization on day 2 was 85% in wounds covered with the permeable PEU
      membrane, whereas it was 66% and 35%, respectively, in wounds covered with the
      occlusive covering or exposed to air. The epidermal thickness did not differ
      among the three types of treatment. The scab thickness, however, was maximal in
      the uncovered air-exposed wounds. We conclude that epidermal wound healing is
      accelerated when the PEU wound covering is used. This wound-healing-promotion
      effect is apparently due to the high water vapor permeability of PEU, which
      induces clotting of the wound exudate, and subsequent jellifying of the clot
      layer.

PMID- 3413683
TI  - Peptide YY inhibits cholecystokinin-stimulated sphincter of Oddi activity in the
      prairie dog.
AB  - Peptide YY (PYY), a recently discovered gut peptide, has been shown to have a
      number of actions that are antagonistic to the effects of cholecystokinin. This
      study was designed to determine whether PYY would inhibit cholecystokinin
      stimulated sphincter of Oddi activity in the prairie dog. In 12 prairie dogs PYY
      was infused intravenously at 1, 10, and 100 ng/kg/min, and arterial blood samples
      were obtained. A dose-response curve was obtained, with the 10 ng/kg/min dose
      producing serum levels of 725 pg/ml. In seven additional prairie dogs a side
      hole, pressure-monitored perfusion catheter was passed into the duodenum through
      a choledochotomy and positioned in the sphincter of Oddi. A perfusion catheter
      was also placed in the gallbladder fundus. Sphincter of Oddi and gallbladder
      pressures were recorded before and during 20-minute infusions of cholecystokinin
      and then cholecystokinin plus PYY at 10 ng/kg/min. PYY significantly inhibited
      cholecystokinin-stimulated sphincter of Oddi phasic wave frequency (3.8 +/- 0.2
      vs 3.3 +/- 0.4; p less than 0.05) and sphincter of Oddi motility index (26.2 +/-
      4.3 vs 18.7 +/- 4.8; p less than 0.025) but did not affect the increase in
      gallbladder pressure induced by cholecystokinin. These findings are consistent
      with other known anticholecystokinin effects of PYY. We conclude that PYY may
      also inhibit sphincter of Oddi activity in the prairie dog by an
      anticholecystokinin effect, thus reducing flow through the sphincter.

PMID- 3413685
TI  - Mechanisms of arterial and aneurysmal tortuosity.
AB  - Most arteries follow a straight course because they are stretched by longitudinal
      traction. However, aneurysms and arteries in aged, hypertensive patients often
      exhibit tortuosity. This study was undertaken to examine mechanisms of tortuosity
      and the role of the arterial wall connective tissues. Experiments were performed
      in vitro on 48 dog carotid arteries before and after treatment with elastase or
      collagenase. Degradation of wall elastin caused aneurysmal dilatation and a
      marked decrease in longitudinal retractive force (p less than 0.05). This
      permitted the development of tortuosity. Degradation of wall collagen caused
      minimal dilatation but did cause vessel rupture; however, degradation of collagen
      produced no decrease in longitudinal retractive force (p = NS). These data
      demonstrate that failure of elastin permits vessels to (1) dilate aneurysmally
      and (2) elongate sufficiently to become tortuous. Failure of elastin plays a role
      in the tortuosity seen with age and hypertension, congenital kinking of arteries,
      aneurysms, and ectasias (arteriomegaly). Failure of collagen causes vessels to
      rupture but does not facilitate the development of tortuosity.

PMID- 3413686
TI  - Placement of two Greenfield filters in a duplicated vena cava.
AB  - Congenital anomalies of the inferior vena cava (IVC) are not unusual and may
      complicate the placement of caval interruption devices. A duplicated IVC was
      demonstrated by venography in a patient with left iliofemoral venous thrombosis.
      A Greenfield filter was placed in each cavum from a right internal jugular vein
      approach. Because anomalies of the IVC are common, ascending venograms should be
      obtained in all patients who undergo caval interruption to document the number
      and position of the IVC, the location of the caval bifurcation, and the diameter
      of the IVC, as well as to identify the presence of thrombus within the lumen of
      the IVC. Unrecognized anomalies of the IVC may contribute to the incidence of
      recurrent pulmonary embolus after Greenfield filter placement.

PMID- 3413684
TI  - Renal, cerebral, and pulmonary effects of hypertonic resuscitation in a porcine
      model of hemorrhagic shock.
AB  - To determine the safety and efficacy of a hypertonic solution for hypovolemic
      resuscitation, we compared the acute and delayed effects of hypertonic sodium
      lactate solution (514 mOsm) to Ringer's lactate solution (274 mOsm) in a porcine
      model of hemorrhagic shock. Cardiovascular, pulmonary, renal, and cerebral
      functions were examined in mature swine after their blood volume had been reduced
      by 40%. Hemorrhage produced significant decreases in blood pressure, cardiac
      output, and creatinine clearance, which were reversed with resuscitation.
      Resuscitation with Ringer's lactate solution required significantly more fluid
      and produced a significantly greater increase in intracranial pressure than did
      hypertonic sodium lactate solution. HSL produced significant increases in serum
      sodium and osmolality, which resolved within 48 hours. Hypernatremia and
      hyperosmolality were not associated with renal or cerebral dysfunction and were
      corrected through increased sodium excretion, free water intake, and a negative
      free water clearance.

PMID- 3413687
TI  - Chronic pancreatitis secondary to an inflammatory polyp of the duodenum 25 years
      after Billroth II reconstruction.
AB  - A 51-year-old man, 25 years after undergoing Billroth II gastrojejunostomy with
      antrectomy and vagotomy, came to our hospital with acute relapsing pancreatitis.
      At operation he was found to have an inflammatory polypoid lesion at the duodenal
      stump that consisted of suture and talc granuloma from his previous gastric
      surgery. The polyp intermittently obstructed the pancreatic duct, causing
      symptomatic pancreatitis. The patient has remained without symptoms 2 years after
      submucosal resection of this polyp. This complication of Billroth II
      gastroenterostomy has not been recognized previously.

PMID- 3413688
TI  - Lipoblastoma and lipoblastomatosis--a report of six cases.
AB  - Lipoblastoma and lipoblastomatosis are rare examples of benign mesenchymal tumors
      that exhibit a tendency to invade locally but not to metastasize. The tumors are
      found primarily in children less than 5 years of age and can arise almost
      anywhere within the soft tissues. The rate of growth is variable and has no
      bearing on prognosis, which is excellent in the majority of cases. The experience
      at Childrens Hospital of Los Angeles with six children (3 males, 3 females)
      having these tumors is described. There was no instance of recurrence after
      surgical removal of the tumors, with follow-up periods ranging from 3 months to 5
      years. Histologic appearance and outcome were similar in all patients, and there
      was no relationship between histologic appearance and prognosis. Complete local
      excision without radical mutilating resection is the treatment of choice.

PMID- 3413689
TI  - Recurrent abdominal abscess caused by retained colorectum after proctocolectomy.
AB  - In two patients recurrent pelvic abscesses resulted from retention of colorectal
      mucosa after proctocolectomy. In both patients sepsis occurred more than 10 years
      after colectomy and was corrected by identification and removal of retained
      colonic mucosa. Retained colorectum should be considered in the differential
      diagnosis in a patient who has an abscess years after undergoing colon resection.

PMID- 3413690
TI  - Collateral blood flow in segmental intestinal ischemia: effects of vasoactive
      agents.

PMID- 3413692
TI  - Awards honor Houston for publishing book on AIDS.

PMID- 3413691
TI  - Transcutaneous oxygen tension during hemodialysis in uremic patients with reduced
      cutaneous blood perfusion.

PMID- 3413693
TI  - Civil rights commission hears TMA policy on AIDS.

PMID- 3413694
TI  - Ileal pouch-anal anastomosis.

PMID- 3413695
TI  - Patients with suspected hepatic metastases: suggested approach.

PMID- 3413696
TI  - Your count is zero.

PMID- 3413697
TI  - Discovery of peer review information.

PMID- 3413698
TI  - Texas Coalition for the Prevention of Child Abuse.

PMID- 3413700
TI  - Debate over Registered Care Technologists: nurses angry, opposed to AMA proposal.

PMID- 3413699
TI  - Nurse researchers coping of children of addictive parents.

PMID- 3413701
TI  - On creating new categories of health care workers: a position statement of the
      Texas Nurses Association.

PMID- 3413702
TI  - Ethical problems in register based medical research.

PMID- 3413704
TI  - Computerized encounter registers in primary care research: is there a gold
      standard?

PMID- 3413703
TI  - Ethical and methodological aspects of medical computer data bases and knowledge
      bases.

PMID- 3413705
TI  - On assessing the validity of the main diagnosis in patient data bases: the impact
      of aims for making diagnosis.

PMID- 3413706
TI  - Determining cause of death in 45,564 autopsy reports.

PMID- 3413707
TI  - Applying general medical knowledge to individuals: a philosophical analysis.

PMID- 3413708
TI  - Illness and the paradigm of lived body.

PMID- 3413709
TI  - The pedagogy of two different approaches to humanistic medical education:
      cognitive vs affective.

PMID- 3413710
TI  - [Monoclonal antibodies in the diagnosis and therapy of malignant tumors: current
      status amd future perspectives].

PMID- 3413711
TI  - [AIDS-associated malignant tumors: incidence, course and therapy].

PMID- 3413712
TI  - [Breast-sparing therapy in operable breast carcinoma: errors in establishing
      indications and practical technic].

PMID- 3413713
TI  - [Fear and the mastering of fear].

PMID- 3413714
TI  - Thrombin inhibition with dipeptidyl argininals.
AB  - Human alpha- and gamma-thrombins (with high and essentially no fibrinogen
      clotting activities, respectively) were inhibited in chromogenic substrate assays
      by the dipeptidyl argininals: antipain less than leupeptin less than H-D-Phe-Pro
      argininal approximately Boc-D-Phe-Pro-argininal. In clotting assays with alpha
      thrombin, I50 values were slightly higher than Ki values from chromogenic
      substrate assays, except for a somewhat lower I50 for antipain. Our data cautions
      the use of argininal proteinase inhibitors in the assessment of thrombin
      functions, and the high potency of H-D-Phe-Pro-argininal and its derivative
      suggest pharmaceutical applications.

PMID- 3413715
TI  - Determination of FDP in human plasma by a novel latex immunoassay.
AB  - Distribution analyzing latex immunoassay (DALIA), a sensitive method based on the
      agglutination of latex particles coated with monoclonal antibody, was developed
      for determination of fibrin degradation products (FDP) in human plasma. The
      agglutination is measured by using an electric particle counter designed for
      medical research to determine the volume-ratio of agglutinated to non
      agglutinated particles. Interference by serum constituents is avoided by coating
      the particles with the F(ab')2 fragments of monoclonal antibody and by using
      suitable latex particles. This assay enabled the determination of FDP in
      concentrations of 16 to 4000 ng/ml in less than 15 minutes. The mean
      concentrations of FDP in the plasma of 98 normal subjects and 142 patients with
      apparent disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) were 0.69 and 13.24
      micrograms/ml, respectively. Analytical recovery of FDP in plasma samples
      averaged 104%. The correlation coefficient of DALIA with enzyme immunoassay using
      two monoclonal antibodies, was 0.809. The results obtained by analyzing the cross
      reactivity with related components of FDP and the inhibitory effect of D monomer
      indicated that the present method can effectively detect the high molecular
      weight (HMW) fragments of FDP produced in the early stage of plasmin digestion.

PMID- 3413716
TI  - Resolution of monomeric and heterodimeric forms of tissue factor, the high
      affinity cellular receptor for factor VII.
AB  - Tissue factor (TF) is the high affinity cell surface receptor and obligatory
      cofactor for plasma coagulation factor VII. Purification of TF from human brain
      and placenta has recently been reported to yield both a monomeric 47 kDa protein
      as well as a 58 kDa heterodimeric form. In this study, the TF glycoprotein was
      isolated from human brain by immunoaffinity chromatography using a newly
      developed monoclonal antibody, TF8-5G9, and was compared to TF isolated by factor
      VII-affinity chromatography. Except for the greater efficiency of the
      immunoaffinity method, both methods yielded TF with similar specific activities,
      and both preparations contained the monomeric and heterodimeric forms of TF. The
      58 kDa form was established to be a disulfide-linked heterodimer composed of TF
      and the alpha chain of hemoglobin. From these results and from studies of
      immunoprecipitation of TF from cultured fibroblast cells, we conclude that the 47
      kDa monomeric form of TF is the naturally occurring cellular form of TF, and that
      heterodimer formation is a secondary event. The potential significance of the
      proclivity of TF to form a heterodimer with hemoglobin is discussed.

PMID- 3413717
TI  - Epinephrine potentiation of in vivo stimuli reverses aspirin inhibition of
      platelet thrombus formation in stenosed canine coronary arteries.
AB  - In 18 anesthetized dogs with a 70% mechanically produced coronary artery
      stenosis, blood flow measured with an electromagnetic flowmeter showed cyclical
      reductions in flow due to periodic acute platelet thrombus formation. These were
      abolished in eight of nine dogs with 2.5 mg/kg of aspirin given intravenously and
      in nine of nine dogs with 5 mg/kg of aspirin. However in 14 of 18 dogs the
      cyclical flow reductions were temporarily renewed with the infusion of
      epinephrine 0.4 microgram/kg/min. Human platelets inhibited with aspirin can be
      reactivated with physiologic amounts of epinephrine. We postulate that in
      patients with atherosclerotic stenotic lesions the use of aspirin to inhibit
      arterial thrombus formation may be less effective when they have elevated
      catecholamines.

PMID- 3413718
TI  - Increased protein C and fibrinopeptide A concentration in patients with angina.
AB  - Protein C and fibrinopeptide A (FpA) levels in plasma were measured in 30
      controls and in two groups of patients with angina. The first group was formed by
      27 patients suffering from spontaneous ischemic attacks (active angina). The
      second one was formed by patients who had previously suffered from angina, but
      were free from myocardial ischemic attacks for at least one month (inactive
      angina). Protein C (measured by electroimmunoassay) and FpA (radioimmunoassay)
      were higher than controls in both groups but were significantly higher in
      patients with active angina than in patients with inactive angina. A clear trend
      toward a linear correlation existed between protein C and FpA levels, though it
      did not reach the statistical significance. These results confirm a significant
      involvement of blood clotting system in ischemic heart disease and specially in
      active angina.

PMID- 3413719
TI  - Is there an optimal therapeutical range for low molecular weight heparin? An
      experimental study.

PMID- 3413720
TI  - Evolution of plasma specific fibrin degradation products during thrombolytic
      therapy in patients with thrombo-embolism.

PMID- 3413721
TI  - Altered lipid composition and thromboxane A2 formation in platelets from patients
      affected by IIa hyperlipoproteinemia.
AB  - Platelets from patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (type IIa
      hyperlipoproteinemia), a condition associated with high prevalence of
      atherosclerosis and of its thrombotic complications, are known to be
      hyperresponsive to aggregating stimuli and to synthesize increased amounts of
      thromboxane A2 (TxA2) in comparison to platelets from normal subjects. In order
      to search if these functional alterations are linked to a different platelet
      lipid composition, we studied a group of young patients affected by IIa
      hyperlipoproteinemia and a group of suitable controls with similar dietary
      habits. Both cholesterol and phospholipid content of platelets were higher in
      patients than in controls with a significant increase of cholesterol/phospholipid
      molar ratio (at least p less than 0.05). The percent contents of the main
      platelet phospholipid fractions were not altered, while an increase in saturated
      fatty acids, both unesterified and esterified in different lipid fractions, was
      observed. Moreover, an increased TxA2 production by platelets and a significantly
      increased number of megathrombocytes occur in patients with respect to controls
      (p less than 0.001). Our results indicates that platelets from patients with IIa
      hyperlipoproteinemia have an altered lipid composition which could explain, at
      least in part, the enhanced platelet reactivity reported in these patients.

PMID- 3413722
TI  - Alterations of phospholipid asymmetry in the membrane of spontaneously aggregated
      platelets in diabetes.
AB  - The changes of asymmetric distribution of anionic phospholipids of human
      platelets in diabetic patients were studied by fluorescent and freeze fracture
      cytochemistry, using merocyanine 540 (MC 540) and polymyxin B (PxB) as specific
      markers. The membrane anionic phospholipids were detected with PxB, a membrane
      nonpermeant probe, used either in native form for freeze fracture electron
      microscopy or as dansylated or iodinated derivative for fluorescence microscopy
      or gamma counting, respectively. MC 540 is a naturally fluorescent probe which
      reportedly inserts into less packed bilayer domains. Both in platelet rich plasma
      and in washed platelets obtained from diabetic patients, some small platelet
      aggregates were observed, their number being generally dependent on the level of
      hyperglycemia. In contrast with single platelets, the aggregated ones bind PxB as
      revealed by all assay methods. The fluorescence microscopic studies with dansyl
      PxB and MC 540 displayed a strong binding of the fluorescent markers to
      aggregated platelets. The electron microscopic examination of freeze fracture
      replicas showed the appearance of characteristic PxB-induced deformations in the
      plasmalemma of aggregated platelets. The gamma counting of 125I-PxB incubated
      samples indicates significant differences on the platelets of diabetic patients
      as compared to those obtained from healthy subjects. Our data provide evidence
      that in diabetic patients, the spontaneous aggregated platelets are a result of
      the appearance of the anionic phospholipids in the outer half of plasmalemma.
      These changes may enhance the procoagulant activity and should represent a
      determinant of activated platelet recognition and their removal from circulation
      by splenic macrophages.

PMID- 3413723
TI  - Substances that polymerize or depolymerize cytoskeletal proteins affect platelet
      spreading and thrombus-formation on surfaces coated with human collagen isotypes
      I, IV, and V.
AB  - The effect of substances that affect platelet cytoskeleton on the interaction of
      gel-filtered platelets with surfaces coated with human monomeric type I, IV, and
      V collagen was studied. The sulfhydryl group oxidizing agent azodicarboxylic acid
      bis-dimethylamide (diamide) which causes disulfide-linked polymer formation of
      certain cytoskeletal proteins, the actin-polymerization inhibitor, cytochalasin
      B, and 2-mercaptopropionylglycine (2-MPG), a cell-permeable SH-reagent,
      completely abolish adhesion-induced platelet spreading and mural platelet
      aggregate formation on collagen-coated surfaces. Extrusion of pseudopods was
      inhibited by cytochalasin B and 2-MPG as well as by diamide, but only the latter
      caused spherulation of platelets, whereas cytochalasin B and 2-MPG left the
      discoid shape of resting platelets intact. These effects are dose-dependent and
      are not accounted for by a chemical modification of the collagenous substrates by
      the cytoskeletal perturbing substances. The present data indicate that (i)
      cytoskeletal rearrangements are essential in adhesion-induced platelet spreading
      and aggregate formation on surfaces coated with collagen, but not in supporting
      the initial attachment of native platelets to the substrate; (ii) both,
      polymerization and depolymerization of actin filaments affect platelet
      activation; (iii) the sulfhydryl-disulfide status of the platelet seems to be a
      possible target for anti-platelet drugs, since chemical modification of platelets
      by the GSH-GSSG-active substances, diamide and 2-MPG, leads to a reversible
      inhibition of adhesion-induced platelet activation.

PMID- 3413725
TI  - Correlation between megakaryocyte-platelet regeneration time and mean platelet
      volume.

PMID- 3413724
TI  - The effects of argon laser on in vitro aggregation of platelets in platelet rich
      plasma and whole blood.
AB  - The effects of an Argon laser on platelet aggregation were studied, since
      platelets may be exposed to laser energy when used intravascularly. Various
      preparations of platelets in platelet rich plasma (PRP) and whole blood, with or
      without aspirin, were tested with the aggregating agents ADP, collagen, thrombin,
      and epinephrine. Simultaneous release of ATP was also measured in PRP. At
      relatively low levels of irradiation, platelet aggregation was potentiated.
      Enhancement was evidenced by an increase in percent aggregation, earlier onset of
      the reaction, and reduction in the amount of aggregating agent required. In PRP,
      the mechanism of laser potentiation appeared to be the release of endogenous ATP
      from platelets. At relatively high levels of irradiation, platelets were
      destroyed and aggregation abolished. In whole blood, the mechanism was somewhat
      more complicated since release of ATP occurred from RBCs as well as platelets.
      Spontaneous aggregation following laser treatment occurred in isolated instances
      in PRP and in every trial in whole blood preparations. Aspirin ingestion
      inhibited the laser's effects in PRP but not in whole blood. These results may
      have important clinical implications for laser angioplasty, and the potentiated
      aggregation response may prove useful in laboratory studies of platelet function.

PMID- 3413726
TI  - Platelet activation by phorbol esters.

PMID- 3413727
TI  - Comparable effect of prostaglandin E1 in decreasing in vivo platelet deposition
      on human lesion sites after intravenous and intraarterial application.
AB  - It had been claimed that prostaglandin E1 is degraded during first lung passage
      to a major extent. Clinical results, however, as well as various platelet
      function tests and coagulation parameters revealed no apparent difference after
      i.v. and i.a. infusion. Thus, we examined the question what the quantitative
      difference between i.v. and i.a. PGE1-application would be upon in-vivo platelet
      function assessed by platelet uptake over active lesion sites as well as platelet
      half-life monitoring after autologous 111-In-oxine platelet labelling. In
      patients suffering from peripheral vascular disease stage II according to
      Fontaine PGE1 was able to decrease platelet uptake after i.v. and i.a. therapy to
      a comparable extent; similarily, a significant prolongation in platelet half-life
      was noted, again revealing no difference. As the decrease in platelet uptake is
      assumed to be predominantly a vascular effect, it is hypothetized that more
      stable derivatives of PGE1 are active, counterbalancing a lower biological
      activity with a longer half-life.

PMID- 3413728
TI  - Two antiplatelet agents from Magnolia officinalis.
AB  - Magnolol and honokiol are two position isomers isolated from the bark of Magnolia
      officinalis. Both inhibited the aggregation and ATP release of rabbit platelet
      rich plasma induced by collagen and arachidonic acid without affecting that
      induced by ADP, PAF or thrombin. Aggregation of washed platelets was more
      markedly inhibited than that of platelet-rich plasma, while the aggregation of
      whole blood was least affected by both inhibitors. Thromboxane B2 formation
      caused by collagen, arachidonic acid or thrombin was in each case inhibited by
      magnolol and honokiol. The rise of intracellular calcium caused by arachidonic
      acid or collagen was also suppressed by both agents. Collagen-induced
      intracellular calcium increase in the presence of indomethacin was suppressed by
      magnolol. It is concluded that the antiplatelet effect of magnolol and honokiol
      is due to an inhibitory effect on thromboxane formation and also an inhibition of
      intracellular calcium mobilization.

PMID- 3413729
TI  - Platelet cytoskeletal protein distributions in two triton-insoluble fractions and
      how they are affected by stimulants and reagents that modify cytoskeletal protein
      interactions.
AB  - Actin filament formation during early stages of platelet activation by stimulants
      was analyzed by determining the distributions of cytoskeletal proteins to a low
      speed centrifuge pellet (TP), ultracentrifuge pellet (UP), and ultracentrifuge
      supernatant (US) after lysing platelets with 1% Triton X-100. TP contained actin
      binding protein, myosin, alpha-actinin and actin, and UP contained these
      cytoskeletal proteins and other proteins. During thrombin activation, total
      protein and actin in TP increased with time, while they decreased in UP.
      Aggregating agents (ADP, PMA, thrombin) and, to a small extent, colchicine and
      nocodazole, microtubule inhibitors, increased cytoskeletal proteins and total
      protein in TP, while cytochalsin B, an inhibitor of actin polymerization, had the
      opposite effect. When the amounts of the respective proteins in TP and UP were
      summed, these values were not affected by agonists and inhibitors, except in the
      case of thrombin stimulation. These data suggest that the actin in UP is a form
      intermediate between the actin filaments in TP and actin monomer in the soluble
      fraction, and there may be a dynamic conversion between these forms upon platelet
      activation. UP was also characterized by immunostaining with antibodies against
      fibrinogen, tubulin, and glycoprotein Ib after SDS-PAGE/electrophoretic transfer
      to nitrocellulose sheets.

PMID- 3413730
TI  - Specific binding of 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (platelet
      activating factor) to the intact canine platelet.
AB  - Binding of 3H-labeled 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (platelet
      activating factor; PAF) to the intact, washed canine platelet has been defined
      and characterized as being specific and receptor-mediated. Under the conditions
      described, specific binding to 2 X 10(7) canine platelets reached saturation
      within 10 min at a [3H]PAF concentration of approximately 0.4 nM. Non-specific
      binding was accountable for, at most, some 30% of the total PAF bound at
      equilibrium. Above approximately 0.4 nM [3H]PAF, total binding and non-specific
      binding increased in parallel. Since no involvement of PAF ligand in dog platelet
      intermediary metabolism during the binding incubation could be demonstrated, non
      specific PAF binding may reflect a partitioning of the molecule into a cellular
      compartment (perhaps the platelet membranes). Equilibrium analysis revealed that
      the canine platelet has one class of specific binding sites with a Kd of 0.63 +/-
      0.02 nM PAF, a Bmax of 222 +/- 10 fmol/10(7) platelets, and, at most, 1.33 +/-
      0.06 X 10(3) binding sites/platelet. [3H]PAF specific binding to the canine
      platelet is ligand-selective and stereo-selective, as demonstrated by the
      relative abilities of non-labeled PAF and various PAF analogs/metabolites to
      inhibit [3H]PAF specific binding in a concentration-dependent manner. The extents
      to which PAF and PAF analogs were able to displace specifically-bound [3H]PAF
      from the canine platelet correlated well with their physiological (i. e., pro
      aggregatory) effects. These data offer the first quantitative description of
      canine platelet high-affinity PAF binding sites/receptors and link receptor
      mediated PAF binding to canine platelet physiology.

PMID- 3413731
TI  - Heparin induces release of extrinsic coagulation pathway inhibitor (EPI).
AB  - Extrinsic pathway inhibitor (EPI) is a potent inhibitor of the factor VIIa-tissue
      thromboplastin complex. The effect of heparin on EPI activity was studied using a
      chromogenic substrate assay. Addition of heparin to test plasma or whole blood in
      vitro increased EPI activity. This increase in EPI activity was reduced by the
      addition of polybrene and/or antibodies to antithrombin (anti-AT). Polybrene was
      therefore added to the assay system. However, part of this effect (up to 20% of
      baseline value) was not abolished. After intravenous injection, EPI activity
      increased dose-dependently. The increase was about 200% of baseline value after
      7500 U heparin, and was not reduced by the addition of polybrene and/or anti-AT.
      A slower and prolonged increase in EPI activity occurred after subcutaneous
      injections of unfractionated heparin and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH).
      Venous occlusion failed to increase EPI activity levels. Normal EPI values were
      observed in patients with severe liver cirrhosis and during warfarin treatment.
      Gel filtration of human endothelial cell culture supernatant revealed one
      inhibitory fraction with molecular weight about 43.000. We conclude that EPI
      probably is produced in endothelial cells and may be released by heparin.

PMID- 3413732
TI  - Local measurements of thrombus induced vasoconstriction in vivo.
AB  - No data is available describing the local effect of thrombus formation on the
      vessel's diameter in vivo. As platelet or thrombus induced vasoconstriction seems
      to be of clinical importance in various diseases, it is desirable to get insight
      into the interrelation of thrombus formation and local vasoactivity. With a
      contactless photochemical process, endothelial cells can be damaged and
      thrombogenesis may be initiated in vivo. After first platelets stick to
      endothelial cells, a strong vasoconstriction is observed in arterioles. In
      venules, no vascular reaction can be observed. Constriction is most pronounced at
      the site of thrombus formation and decreases at growing distance. The thrombus is
      squeezed by the vascular constriction and thus mechanically held in place and
      squeezed out. A slight relaxation follows 30-80 min later, but the vessel remains
      constricted during the following three hours. Thrombus induced vasoconstrictions
      can be reduced by papaverine, EP 092 (a thromboxane A2 antagonist) and
      phentolamine in dose-dependent manner in vivo. Papaverine was most effective
      followed by EP 092, Phentolamine was less effective, showing the minor importance
      of alpha-receptor stimulation in this model.

PMID- 3413733
TI  - Global tests on coagulation and fibrinolysis in systemic and pulmonary
      circulation accompanying hip arthroplasty with acrylic cement.
AB  - Sudden cardio-respiratory collapse (CRC) within seconds after implantation of
      methylmethacrylate cement and femoral prosthesis during hip replacement surgery,
      accounted at our hospital among 315 patients for a mortality of 0.6%. This
      prompted our pathophysiological studies concentrating on the critical
      intraoperative period for this complication. This series of 6 patients with
      osteoarthrosis was followed with established parameters on coagulation and
      fibrinolysis in arterial and mixed venous blood withdrawn frequently during and
      after total hip arthroplasty. The surgical procedure induced activation in both
      systems as evidenced by a gradual and statistically significant drop in level of
      blood platelets, fibrinogen, vitamin K dependent clotting factors. At the end of
      operation soluble fibrin and moderately elevated concentrations of FDP/FRA were
      demonstrated. The results were similar in corresponding arterial and mixed venous
      blood specimens. The perioperative changes were not potentiated by the
      introduction of cement and the implantation of the prosthetic components. The
      postoperative changes had the same pattern and the same magnitude as those
      following other types of major surgery. The present results do not indicate
      marked alterations in coagulation and/or fibrinolysis in the critical period for
      CRC to develop.

PMID- 3413734
TI  - Studies on coagulation, fibrinolysis, kallikrein-kinin and complement activation
      in systemic and pulmonary circulation during hip arthroplasty with acrylic
      cement.
AB  - This study was designed to evaluate the contribution of the plasma cascade
      systems to the cardiopulmonary complications, occasionally leading to sudden
      death during hip arthroplasty using acrylic cement. The intraoperative pattern
      following uneventful surgery was therefore investigated in 8 patients with
      osteoarthrosis with frequent sampling from the radial and pulmonary arteries. The
      following general findings emerged: A gradual consumption of coagulation factors
      (platelets, fibrinogen, factor VII, antithrombin III), fibrinolytic components
      (plasminogen, alpha-2-antiplasmin), kallikrein-kinin factors (prekallikrein,
      kallikrein inhibitor) and complement factors (C3c, C4) was observed. Some
      intrapulmonary proteolytic inhibition was noticed as evidenced by lower arterial
      than mixed venous blood levels of alpha-2-antiplasmin and kallikrein inhibitor.
      Insignificant changes occurred for factor VII-phospholipid complex. A rapid,
      massive and transient increase in fibrinopeptide A (FPA) values in the radial
      artery, as opposed to the moderate increase in the pulmonary artery, was found
      immediately after reaming and broaching of bone. This probably reflected
      intrapulmonary fibrinogen to fibrin conversion, reaching a maximum 15-20 minutes
      before the femoral implantation. As estimated from the FPA arterial peak values
      and the fall in fibrinogen concentrations, approximately 5-10% of the circulating
      fibrinogen molecules were devoided of FPA during this intraoperative phase. The
      marked a-v difference in FPA level supports earlier findings of intrapulmonary
      fibrin formation and deposition. This process, however preceded the critical
      period of cardiorespiratory collapse (CRC) by at least 15 minutes, and may thus
      predispose to this complication.

PMID- 3413735
TI  - Epinephrine-induced reversal of aspirin effects on platelet deformability.
AB  - The present study has evaluated the influence of epinephrine on the resistance of
      platelets to aspiration into micropipettes, and the effect of epinephrine on the
      altered deformability of aspirin treated platelets. Unlike other platelet
      agonists previously studied, epinephrine stimulation did not alter platelet
      deformability at a concentration capable of causing platelet aggregation. Aspirin
      caused a dramatic decrease in the resistance of platelets to aspiration.
      Pretreatment of platelets with epinephrine prevented aspirin from altering
      platelet deformability, and exposure of platelets to epinephrine after treatment
      with aspirin reversed the increased deformability produced by the drug. Blockade
      of alpha-2 adrenergic receptors with yohimbine or clonidine prevented epinephrine
      antagonism of the mechanical effects of aspirin. The studies provide further
      evidence of the novel antagonism between epinephrine and aspirin on platelet
      structure and function.

PMID- 3413736
TI  - Detection of small inhibitory effects of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) by platelet
      impedance aggregometry in whole blood.
AB  - Our investigations have demonstrated on 10 volunteers receiving either 500 mg or
      100 mg acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) that a low collagen concentration (1
      microgram/ml) can best detect the aggregation defect caused by ASA. With the
      impedance aggregometry the mean inhibition reaches 82% and 52% with 500 mg and
      100 mg ASA, respectively. Collagen at higher concentration (3 micrograms/ml) as
      well as ADP 10 and 25 mumol/l are less sensitive, less than 25% inhibition was
      recorded. These results suggest that a 1 microgram/ml concentration of collagen
      is adequate for the control of the ASA effect up to 6 days after intake of 100
      mg. Furthermore, the von Willebrand factor (vWF) dependent platelet aggregation
      induced by 0.6 and 1.0 mg/ml ristocetin was clearly diminished after ASA.
      Therefore, a ristocetin screening test in whole blood for vWF disorder is
      possibly distorted when the test is performed within 6 days from ASA
      administration.

PMID- 3413737
TI  - Quantitative and qualitative congenital deficiency of antithrombin III: a new
      molecular variant called ATIII-Barcelona 2.
AB  - A Spanish family with a quantitative-qualitative antithrombin III (ATIII)
      deficiency and thrombotic tendency is reported. The qualitative defect was
      suggested by the crossed immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) in the presence of heparin
      in plasma of all those affected. However, the crossed immunoelectrofocusing
      (CIEF) showed the same ATIII pattern in controls and affected members. Two
      populations of ATIII were detected by affinity chromatography on heparin
      sepharose from affected members' plasma. The ATIII unbound to sepharose beads was
      devoid of heparin cofactor activity and showed a lack of anodal migration in CIE
      in the presence of heparin. The ATIII eluted corresponded to normal ATIII. Our
      data supports the view that an abnormal ATIII molecule is present in all affected
      family members in the heterozygous state. This is the first reported ATIII
      variant in which a molecular abnormality produces a lack of affinity for heparin
      but no changes in its isoelectric point. This familial ATIII deficiency was named
      ATIII- Barcelona 2.

PMID- 3413738
TI  - Microheterogeneity of plasma glycoproteins heparin cofactor II and antithrombin
      III and their carbohydrate analysis.

PMID- 3413739
TI  - [The use of blood].

PMID- 3413740
TI  - [Radiation injuries of normal tissue. Tissue injuries in irradiation--experiences
      in radiotherapy of breast cancer].

PMID- 3413741
TI  - [Neurological problems in leukemia].

PMID- 3413742
TI  - [Sliding compression screw osteosynthesis in femoral neck fractures].

PMID- 3413743
TI  - [Pregnancy-induced hypertension and pre-eclampsia. Identification of patients at
      risk and early diagnosis].

PMID- 3413744
TI  - [14C-triolein breath test in the diagnosis of steatorrhea].

PMID- 3413745
TI  - [Stomach rupture. A rare, but serious condition].

PMID- 3413746
TI  - [Varicose anomalous pulmonary veins].

PMID- 3413747
TI  - [Drop-out from first consultation at a psychiatric outpatient clinic. A
      communication problem between the first place of consultation and the next?].

PMID- 3413748
TI  - [Acute HIV disease].

PMID- 3413749
TI  - [Contact with chromium and human health].

PMID- 3413750
TI  - [A new practice for transfusions in our hospitals. Conversion to use of virus
      inactivated plasma products].

PMID- 3413751
TI  - [Use and abuse of platelet concentrates].

PMID- 3413752
TI  - [Alcohol drinking among Norwegian UN soldiers. Is it as extensive as the mass
      media suggest?].

PMID- 3413753
TI  - [The HIV epidemic--concealed figures among intravenous drug abusers].

PMID- 3413754
TI  - J. K. Banerjee--contributes to make health care accessible to the poorer sections
      in rural area. Interview by H. Araldsen and B. Austweg.

PMID- 3413755
TI  - [Concealed figures on the HIV epidemic].

PMID- 3413756
TI  - [AIDS. Epidemiologic efforts].

PMID- 3413757
TI  - [Who do we face HIV/AIDS?].

PMID- 3413758
TI  - [Intravenous heparin therapy of deep venous thrombosis during pregnancy].

PMID- 3413759
TI  - [Various aspects of horse sickness].
AB  - The aetiology, symptoms, diagnosis and control of African horse sickness are
      described. Special attention is paid to the introduction and epizootiology of the
      disease in Spain and its consequences in respect to the international trade of
      horses.

PMID- 3413760
TI  - [Splayleg, finally a genuine remedy?].
AB  - A new method of treatment in piglets showing splaylegs is described. The results
      obtained by this method in the treatment of field cases were satisfactory.

PMID- 3413761
TI  - [Acceptability of bovine somatotropin in dairy farming].

PMID- 3413762
TI  - Laser ablation of ventricular tachycardia.
AB  - About 5-10% of patients after myocardial infarction experience sustained
      ventricular tachycardias. Drug therapy is successful only in 60% of these
      patients, so that a number of them is on a high risk of a sudden cardiac death.
      Indirect surgical approaches like myocardial revascularization, or aneurysm
      resection have proven to be ineffective in the treatment of these malignant
      tachycardias. By the development of electrophysiologic techniques a mechanism of
      the ventricular tachycardias could be identified as a micro-reentry at the border
      of myocardial infarction. On this base different direct surgical approaches were
      advocated by Guiraudon, proposing an encircling endocardial ventriculotomy and by
      Josephson and Harken recommending a subendocardial resection technique. The
      results of these direct procedures were much better than those of the prior
      indirect techniques. The mortality in this series was around 10% and there still
      was a postoperative recurrence of the tachycardia in about 20-30%. Our group
      started a study in which a Nd:YAG laser was used to photocoagulate areas of
      myocardium responsible for the initiation of ventricular tachycardia. By its
      deeper penetration depth the Nd:YAG laser was preferrable to other laser systems
      like CO2 and Argon-laser. In contrast to cryothermy the Nd:YAG showed three
      special advantages: First, it was more effective in the normothermic myocardium,
      it showed not peripheral zone of temporary myocardial injury, potentially causing
      late failures, and third equal ablation of tissue could be achieved in much
      shorter time. Patients were considered operative candidates when drug therapy
      failed. Preoperative investigations included formal cardiac catheterization and
      an electrophysiologic testing with induction and mapping of the ventricular
      tachycardia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3413763
TI  - [Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis].
AB  - Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis is a rare disease of unknown etiology. It is
      most frequently seen in childhood. Three case histories are presented,
      backgrounds and therapeutic possibilities are discussed. Centralized registration
      is necessary for better understanding of the disease.

PMID- 3413764
TI  - [Hypnosis for pain control during lumbar puncture and bone marrow aspirations in
      children with cancer].
AB  - Pediatric oncology patients undergo medical treatments which often require
      repeated lumbar punctures and bone marrow aspirations, in general a painful and
      anxiety-provoking experience. We offered a few patients the opportunity to
      volunteer for hypnotic help in pain control. The technique of the hypnosis put in
      practice is described extensively. With some adaptations it can be used for
      various diagnostical and/or therapeutical medical examinations that are painful
      for the child and/or anxiety-provoking.

PMID- 3413765
TI  - [Reimplantation of an aberrant right subclavian artery into the ascending aorta
      in dysphagia lusoria in childhood].
AB  - Anatomical reestablishment or orthograde flow into the right subclavian artery in
      children with arteria lusoria is emphasized. Two infants with arteria lusoria
      were successfully treated by reimplantation of the aberrant right subclavian
      artery in the ascending aorta without graft interposition through a right
      thoracotomy. Several surgical approaches are reviewed.

PMID- 3413767
TI  - [Symposium 'Taller with growth hormones?'].

PMID- 3413766
TI  - [Physiological neonatal jaundice; variations between the sexes].

PMID- 3413768
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of growth retardation].

PMID- 3413769
TI  - [Results of treatment with growth hormones in children with classical growth
      hormone deficiency].

PMID- 3413770
TI  - [Psychological aspects of a small frame].

PMID- 3413771
TI  - [The past and future of the Dutch Growth Foundation].

PMID- 3413772
TI  - [Results of growth hormone treatment in girls with Turner syndrome].

PMID- 3413774
TI  - [Who needs growth hormones?].

PMID- 3413773
TI  - [Side effects of growth hormone treatment].

PMID- 3413776
TI  - Mouth pressure curve on abrupt interruption of airflow during forced expiration.
AB  - The mouth pressure curve after abrupt interruption during forced expiratory
      maneuver was investigated to evaluate the collapsing state of the airway
      downstream to the choke point. Immediately after the airflow interruption at the
      mouth by means of the electromagnetic valve, the mouth pressure suddenly
      increased (1st phase), followed by a slower rise (2nd phase) within about 100
      msec until the pressure reaches the alveolar pressure. The pleural and alveolar
      pressures remained constant during this process. It was evidenced that, from
      point of view of mean flow, the airflow flowed at a rate of Vmax through the
      choke point during the second phase. Thus, it is strongly suggested that the
      choke point remained at the same point during the 2nd phase. From these results,
      the 2nd phase of the mouth pressure is expected to represent the specific
      characteristics for the downstream airway.

PMID- 3413775
TI  - Molecular analysis of Lesch-Nyhan syndrome found in Japan.
AB  - Molecular analysis of four unrelated patients with Lesch-Nyhan (L-N) syndrome was
      performed. All four cases had typical clinical features of L-N syndrome, and the
      activities of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) were absent.
      No structural gene abnormalities were found by Southern blot analysis in all
      cases, and a decrease of HPRT mRNA was not detected by dot blot analysis in two
      of the four cases. However, HPRT enzyme proteins were detected by Western blot
      analysis in all cases. Our results showed that the production of immunologically
      reactive but enzymatically inactive mutant HPRT protein was pathogenic for all
      four patients.

PMID- 3413777
TI  - Airway pressure-volume curve estimated by flow interruption during forced
      expiration.
AB  - The pressure-volume characteristics of the airway downstream to the choke point
      was estimated with abrupt interruption of airflow at the mouth during forced
      expiration. The pressure was measured at the mouth and the volume was given by
      the maximum flow immediately before interruption multiplied by interruption time.
      The compliance of the airway downstream to the choke point, i.e., a slope of the
      pressure-volume curve, was 1.04 ml/cmH2O at 50% FVC, and increased in lower lung
      volumes, in 7 healthy subjects. Whereas, in a case of tracheo-bronchopathia
      osteochondroplastica, its value decreased markedly.

PMID- 3413778
TI  - Cancer incidence in the population of Nagasaki City 30 years after atomic
      bombing.
AB  - In order to attest the evolutionary hypothesis of non-epithelial-epithelial tumor
      shift (Okuyama and Mishina 1986), the published cancer incidence data for the
      population of Nagasaki City during the period of 1973-1977 was studied along with
      appropriate control populations of Fukuoka City, and Miyagi and Osaka
      prefectures. Significant increments of non-epithelial tumors including leukemias,
      and epithelial tumors such as cervical cancers and choriocarcinomas were
      observed. An inference was made to the post-atomic bomb radiation carcinogenesis
      that different organ systems responded to that irradiation with different
      oncogenic patterns: Neoplasms of the pre-vertebral organs (non-epithelial organ
      systems) were the first to react and tapered long (curve type I); Tumors of the
      vertebral but pre-mammalian (those of the digestive tract, respiratory and
      thyroid) could have formed two separate peaks, one for the early and high dosage
      and the other for the late and low dosage (II); With breast cancer or the
      mammalian symbol tumor, there was a single peak reflecting the cohort of
      reproductives (III). The evolutionary and phylogenetic progression could have
      taken place from I through III. Thus, cancer incidence analysis may be helpful in
      deciphering the atomic bomb radiation carcinogenesis.

PMID- 3413779
TI  - Primary aldosteronism in childhood due to primary adrenal hyperplasia.
AB  - We present an unusual case of primary aldosteronism in childhood. A 9-year-old
      boy had hypertension, hypokalemia, hyporeninemia and hyperaldosteronism.
      Dexamethasone administration decreased plasma aldosterone transiently but failed
      to correct the hyperaldosteronism, excluding dexamethasone-suppressible
      hyperaldosteronism. Plasma aldosterone decreased with upright posture and showed
      a circadian rhythm. Spironolactone treatment normalized blood pressure and serum
      potassium and lowered aldosterone secretion. During the studies, plasma
      aldosterone correlated with serum cortisol but not with plasma renin.
      Preoperative results indicated that this patient presented the functional
      features of aldosteronoma. Adrenal computed tomography, scintigraphy and left
      venography were not diagnostic of adrenal lesions. The left adrenal venous
      sampling showed hypersecretion of aldosterone from the left adrenal gland. The
      left adrenalectomy revealed micronodular hyperplasia but resulted in a prompt and
      sustained reversal of hypertension and hyperaldosteronism. These findings suggest
      that primary aldosteronism in this patient resulted from primary adrenal
      hyperplasia. Thus, adrenal hyperplasia is a heterogenous group of disorders and
      carefully selected studies allow prospective selection of appropriate treatment.

PMID- 3413780
TI  - The tax environment: changes and challenges.

PMID- 3413781
TI  - Tax management for exempt providers.

PMID- 3413782
TI  - Tax planning for unrelated business income.

PMID- 3413783
TI  - Strategic planning for IRS audits.

PMID- 3413784
TI  - Tax-exempt financing under the Tax Reform Act of 1986.

PMID- 3413785
TI  - Joint ventures: benefits and pitfalls.

PMID- 3413786
TI  - Recent developments affecting mergers and acquisitions.

PMID- 3413787
TI  - Employer executive compensation and benefits after the Tax Reform Act of 1986.

PMID- 3413788
TI  - Tax implications of physician recruiting and contracting.

PMID- 3413789
TI  - Obtaining and maintaining exempt status.

PMID- 3413790
TI  - Testicular toxicity and reduced Sertoli cell numbers in neonatal rats by di(2
      ethylhexyl)phthalate and the recovery of fertility as adults.
AB  - Neonatal and adult rats (1, 2, 3, 6, and 12 weeks of age) were given five daily
      oral doses of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) (0, 10, 100, 1000, 2000 mg/kg)
      and histological changes in the testes were examined 24 hr after the last dose.
      Relative testis weights were reduced at doses of 1000 mg/kg in 1, 2, 3, and 6
      week-old but not in 12-week-old rats, while doses of 2000 mg/kg were fatal to
      suckling rats and caused decreased relative testis weight but not death in 6- and
      12-week-old rats. In neonatal rats (1 week old), DEHP (1000 mg/kg) caused a 35%
      decrease in Sertoli cell numbers while 2- and 3-week-old rats showed losses of
      spermatocytes but not of Sertoli cells. The 6- and 12-week-old rats showed loss
      of both spermatids and spermatocytes at 1000 and/or 2000 mg/kg. Total testicular
      zinc concentrations were decreased in 12-week-old but not in suckling (3-week) or
      weaned (6-week) rats. The results support the hypothesis that the Sertoli cell is
      the primary testicular target of phthalate ester toxicity since effects were
      observed at an age when only Sertoli cells were present. Fertility was assessed
      in mating trials in adult male rats after neonatal exposure to DEHP on Days 6-10.
      Although Sertoli cell number was reduced 24 hr after the last dose, the numbers
      were normal at 6 and 13 weeks of age. However, at 6 weeks there was a dose
      related decrease in maturation of the spermatids in the tubules. There were no
      consistent changes in fertility, implantation rate, or numbers of live fetuses in
      untreated females mated with the DEHP-treated males. However, there were
      decreases in testis weight and testicular spermatid numbers at 13 and 19 weeks
      but not at 11, 12, 16, or 23 weeks of age. Therefore, a loss of Sertoli cells due
      to DEHP exposure neonatally did not affect the fertility of the rats as adults,
      but may have caused subtle effects on sperm production.

PMID- 3413791
TI  - Structure-activity relationships of retinoids in developmental toxicology. III.
      Contribution of the vitamin A beta-cyclogeranylidene ring.
AB  - The teratogenic potency of congeners of all-trans-retinoic acid (all-trans-RA)
      containing modifications or substitution of the naturally occurring beta
      cyclogeranylidene ring was determined in Golden hamsters and compared to that of
      all-trans-RA. The following ring-modified retinoids were screened: phenyl (Ro 8
      8717), furyl (Ro 8-9750), 4-methoxy-2,3,6-trimethylphenyl (Ro 21-6667), which
      also has a thiomethylene group in place of the trans-8,9 double bond of the
      etretin side chain, 4-hydroxy-2,3,6-trimethylphenyl (Ro 11-4768), 2-chloro-3,6
      dimethyl-4-methoxyphenyl (Ro 12-0995), 2-(1-methoxyethyl)-5,5-dimethyl-1
      cyclopentenyl (Ro 10-1770), 2-acetyl-5,5-dimethyl-1-cyclopentenyl (Ro 8-7699),
      and 10,11-epoxy-11,11-dimethyl (juvenile hormone III), which also has the bonds
      corresponding to the 7,8- and 11,12-double bond of the retinoid skeleton
      saturated. The retinoids Ro 12-4824, Ro 12-4825, and SRI2712-24 had C4-keto, C18
      hydroxyl, and C18-methyl substituents, respectively. Motretinid (Ro 11-1430) had
      both 4-methoxy-2,3,6-trimethylphenyl ring and ethyl amide polar group
      modifications. Single oral retinoid doses administered to pregnant dams at 10:00
      AM on Day 8 neither induced signs of hypervitaminosis A nor induced weight loss
      in any of the treated groups. Teratogenically active retinoids induced a
      malformation syndrome identical to that induced by all-trans-RA. At retinoid
      doses that were associated with malformations in all of the fetuses,
      embryolethality remained near that of vehicle-treated controls. The phenyl
      retinoid Ro 8-8717 was embryolethal but was not teratogenic. The ethyl amide
      derivative of the human and animal teratogen etretinate, motretinid, was
      teratogenic only at the highest dose administered, 350 mg/kg. The retinoids Ro 12
      4824, Ro 12-4825, Ro 8-7699, and SRI 2712-24 were as potent as all-trans-RA. The
      chlorine substituted retinoid, Ro 12-0995, was sixfold more teratogenic than all
      trans-RA, and the cyclopentene retinoid, Ro 10-1770, was 19 times more potent
      than all-trans-RA. The retinoids with furyl or epoxy group substitution for the
      cyclohexenyl ring were devoid of teratogenic activity up to equimolar doses of 75
      mg/kg of all-trans-RA, and Ro 21-6667 was teratogenically inactive at a dose
      equivalent to 150 mg/kg of all-trans-RA. Major modifications of the beta
      cyclogeranylidene ring can be made without altering teratogenic
      activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3413792
TI  - The dose-dependent deposition of cadmium into organs of Japanese quail following
      oral administration.
AB  - The accumulation and disposition of Cd2+ as CdCl2 administered orally to Japanese
      quail (Coturnix coturnix) was investigated. Birds received 0.01, 0.10, 1.0, 50,
      500, 5000, or 50,000 micrograms Cd/kg/day for 4 consecutive days by gastric tube,
      and were killed 4 days after the final dose. The percentage of the total
      administered dose recovered in liver + kidneys + duodenum was 0.7% or less in all
      but the highest dose, for which recovery was approximately 2%. Only at the
      highest dose did the hepatic Cd concentration exceed that of the kidney, and only
      at this dose was there any appreciable increase in metallothionein (MT)
      concentrations in the liver and kidney. Duodenal cytosol was found to contain
      high levels (300-1300 micrograms/g) of endogenous MT-like proteins, probably due
      to the relatively high Zn concentration (approximately 185 ppm) of the commercial
      diet eaten by the quail. In the small intestine, Cd2+ taken up after trace doses
      of oral 109Cd2+ was found to be exclusively bound to these 10,000-MW, or lower
      MW, ligands. In the liver, MT synthesis was accompanied by increased
      concentrations of Cd and Zn (but not Cu) associated with the MT fractions,
      whereas in the kidney, all three metals were elevated in response to Cd-induced
      MT synthesis. A major conclusion of the present study is that, in response to
      environmentally relevant (less than 10 micrograms/kg/day po) doses of Cd2+,
      absorbed Cd is transported in blood primarily in a form which enhances deposition
      in the kidney. This behavior is consistent with the pharmacokinetics of Cd-MT.

PMID- 3413793
TI  - Cytotoxicity and metabolism of the hepatotoxin N-methylformamide and related
      formamides in mouse hepatocytes.
AB  - Some N-alkylformamides such as N-methylformamide (NMF) possess hepatotoxic
      properties in vivo. To study the mechanism of this toxicity, suspensions of mouse
      hepatocytes were tested as an in vitro model system suitable for the study of the
      relationship between (i) the toxic potential of formamides, (ii) their metabolism
      to N-alkylcarbamoylating species, and (iii) their ability to deplete hepatic
      glutathione pools. The effects of NMF were compared with those of its analogs N
      ethylformamide (NEF), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), formamide (F), N
      methylacetamide (NMA), and N-methyldeuteroformamide ([2H]NMF). Only NEF and
      [2H]NMF share with NMF the ability to cause liver damage in vivo in mice.
      Hepatocellular toxicity was determined by measuring LDH leakage into the
      extracellular medium; metabolism to N-alkylcarbamoylating species was measured by
      GLC after derivatization with propanol to form propyl N-alkylcarbamate;
      glutathione concentrations were determined spectrophotometrically. Of the
      formamide analogs studied, only NMF and NEF caused cytotoxicity, being apparently
      equipotent. NMF, NEF, and [2H]NMF gave rise to the formation of detectable levels
      of N-alkylcarbamoylating metabolites and depleted glutathione pools. Toxicity,
      metabolism, and glutathione depletion were dependent on NMF concentration.
      [2H]NMF was markedly less cytotoxic than NMF, yielding only 35% of the amount of
      N-methylcarbamoylating metabolite compared to NMF and caused less depletion of
      glutathione than did NMF. These results parallel closely the in vivo hepatotoxic
      potential of NMF and its analogs, their metabolism to urinary S-(N
      alkylcarbamoyl)mercapturates and their ability to deplete hepatic glutathione in
      mice. The results provide support for the contention that metabolism is involved
      with formamide-induced hepatotoxicity and suggest that suspensions of isolated
      mouse hepatocytes are an appropriate in vitro model for the further study of the
      mechanism by which formamides cause toxicity.

PMID- 3413794
TI  - Influence of renal impairment, chemical form, and serum protein binding on
      intravenous and oral aluminum kinetics in the rabbit.
AB  - The influence of renal impairment on the intravenous kinetics of aluminum (Al)
      lactate and the oral absorption of eight representative Al forms was determined.
      The serum protein binding of Al was assessed. Creatinine clearance in renally
      impaired rabbits was 23% of controls. Systemic clearance of Al was less in
      renally impaired rabbits (39 vs. 53 ml/hr/kg), as were the steady-state volume of
      distribution (516 vs. 1175 ml/kg), the half-life of elimination (14 vs. 27 hr),
      and the mean residence time of Al (14 vs. 25 hr). The shorter Al half-life and
      mean residence time in renally impaired rabbits were due to a diminished volume
      of Al distribution. Oral bioavailability of Al in renally intact rabbits ranged
      from 0.3 to 2.2% (Al borate less than glycinate less than hydroxide less than
      chloride less than sucralfate less than lactate less than nitrate less than
      citrate). Renal impairment had little influence on oral bioavailability of most
      Al forms, although it increased Al citrate absorption to 4.6%. In vitro and in
      vivo determination of Al ultrafilterability (less than 30,000 D) as an estimate
      of serum protein binding suggested a greater percentage of ultrafilterable Al
      species in renally impaired rabbit serum than in control rabbit serum. The
      increase in ultrafilterable Al species produced the less than expected reduction
      in Al clearance in renally impaired rabbits. The ultrafilterability of various Al
      concentrations was greater for citrate greater than lactate greater than nitrate
      greater than chloride, perhaps partially explaining the similar rank order of
      oral absorption of these Al forms. The physicochemistry of the eight Al forms was
      further characterized by determination of their octanol/water partitioning
      coefficients and their water solubility. There was a significant correlation
      between the percentage absorbed and the log of the octanol/water partition
      coefficient. Knowledge of the physicochemistry of Al aids in the understanding of
      Al pharmacokinetics.

PMID- 3413795
TI  - Reversible interaction of a reactive intermediate derived from furazolidone with
      glutathione and protein.
AB  - Swine liver microsomes convert the nitrofuran furazolidone into N-(4-cyano-2-oxo
      3-butenylidene)-3-amino-2-oxazolidone, a reactive open-chain acrylonitrile
      derivative. This derivative may be trapped with such thiol-group-containing
      agents as glutathione and mercaptoethanol. However, this reaction is reversible;
      e.g., adding an excess of mercaptoethanol to an aqueous solution (pH 7.4) of the
      glutathione conjugate results in conversion of 43% of this compound into the
      mercaptoethanol conjugate. In addition, when microsomal protein is added to the
      glutathione conjugate or the mercaptoethanol conjugate, 36 and 44%, respectively,
      become covalently bound to the protein. The amount of this covalently bound
      radioactivity decreases again on prolonged incubation at 37 degrees C (42%
      disappearance within 24 hr), suggesting that the acrylonitrile derivative also
      reacts reversibly with thiol groups of microsomal protein. Indeed an excess of
      mercaptoethanol could remove covalently bound radioactivity from microsomal
      protein resulting in the formation of the mercaptoethanol conjugate. The
      reversibility of the reaction is dependent on pH, as is demonstrated for the
      mercaptoethanol conjugate. Below pH 2 this conjugate is stable; optimal exchange
      to microsomal protein is found between pH 7 and 10. At very high pH (greater than
      11) no binding to protein is found, although the conjugate disappears rapidly.
      The mercaptoethanol conjugate exhibits mutagenic activity in the
      Salmonella/microsome test indicating that the acrylonitrile derivative of
      furazolidone also interacts with DNA.

PMID- 3413797
TI  - Lead-induced changes in the stabilization of the mouse sperm chromatin.
AB  - Long-term exposure of male mice to inorganic lead was previously found to reduce
      their fertility. In the present study chromatin stability in spermatozoa from
      such mice was investigated by means of quantitative cytochemical analysis. Sperm
      head sizes were determined and the capacity for nuclear chromatin decondensation
      (NCD) was evaluated after exposure to a solution of sodium dodecyl
      sulfate/dithiothreitol. A decreased uptake of propidium iodide (PI), a DNA
      intercalating dye, was found in spermatozoa from the vas deferens of the lead
      exposed mice. However, after thermal denaturation of the DNA, the spermatozoa
      showed a higher uptake of PI in comparison to those of the controls. After
      reductive cleavage of S-S bonds with DTT and staining with a thiol-specific
      reagent (monobromobimane), significantly fewer reactive disulfide bonds were also
      observed in the spermatozoa. Furthermore, a significant delay in the capacity for
      NCD was noted. These findings indicate that exposure to lead increases the
      stabilization of the sperm chromatin, which in turn probably affects the
      decondensation of the nucleus, thereby interfering with the fertility of the
      mice.

PMID- 3413796
TI  - Potentiation of 1,1-dichloroethylene hepatotoxicity: comparative effects of
      hyperthyroidism and fasting.
AB  - The responses of fed, fasted, and hyperthyroid (T4) Sprague-Dawley male rats to
      50 mg 1,1-dichloroethylene (1,1-DCE)/kg were compared. Hyperthyroid rats received
      three sc injections of thyroxine (100 micrograms/100 g) at 48-hr intervals; all
      other rats were sham-injected. 1,1-DCE was given po in mineral oil 24 hr after
      the last T4 dose; controls received only mineral oil. Animals were killed at 2,
      4, and 8 hr. Liver GSH contents were lowered about 55% by both fasting and T4
      while GSH transferase activities were lowered about 20% by fasting and 35% by T4.
      Only T4 pretreatment lowered alcohol dehydrogenase activities. Liver injury
      (i.e., serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase, histology) after 1,1-DCE was
      minimal in fed rats, moderate in fasted rats, and intermediate in T4 rats. Fasted
      rats showed a more pronounced depletion of liver GSH after 1,1-DCE than T4 rats
      and only in fasted rats did the toxicant decrease activities of the
      detoxification enzymes. Hypoglycemia after 1,1-DCE occurred in fed rats, but more
      rapidly in T4 rats. In contrast, fasted rats unexpectedly became hyperglycemic
      after the toxicant. Patterns of body temperature change after the toxicant, which
      might be due to its metabolites, were dissimilar. Hypothermia was not observed in
      fed rats, was only transiently evident in T4 rats, but occurred rapidly within 1
      hr in fasted rats and steadily became more severe. The dissimilar patterns of
      liver enzyme and body temperature and serum glucose change after the toxicant in
      the three groups are indicative of different pathways of injury potentiation by
      fasting and hyperthyroidism.

PMID- 3413798
TI  - Hepatic ATP content and hyperammonemia induced by CCl4 in rats.
AB  - An investigation of the mechanism of development of hyperammonemia observed in
      CCl4-induced hepatic encephalopathy was performed in rats. CCl4 (1.0 ml/kg 3
      times per week for over 10 weeks) caused a severe hyperammonemia and depletion of
      hepatic ATP contents in only those rats with hepatic encephalopathy. However,
      CCl4 (1.0 ml/kg 3 times per week for 7 weeks) did not cause hepatic
      encephalopathy and did not change in blood ammonia levels. Administration of 2,4
      dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP) in these CCl4-treated rats caused hepatic encephalopathy
      within 30 min after injection and then the increase of 140 micrograms/dl in blood
      ammonia levels and the decrease of 80% in hepatic ATP contents were observed.
      However, the administration of 2,4-DNP in CCl4-untreated rats did not cause
      hepatic encephalopathy within 30 min after injection although the increase of 70
      micrograms/dl in blood ammonia levels and the decrease of 80% in hepatic ATP
      contents were observed. Hepatic activities of carbamylphosphate synthetase (CPS)
      and argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS), important enzymes of the urea cycle, were
      significantly inhibited by 85% and 60% respectively, in rats treated with CCl4
      plus 2,4-DNP. However, in rats treated with 2,4-DNP and without CCl4, the hepatic
      activities of CPS and ASS were inhibited only 25% and 0%, respectively. These
      findings suggest that the severe hyperammonemia, which may be produced by the
      decrease of hepatic ATP content and the inhibition of CPS and ASS, may play an
      important role in induction of hepatic encephalopathy.

PMID- 3413799
TI  - Comparison of the inhibitory effects of some compounds present in crude oils on
      rat platelet aggregation: role of intra- and extra- cellular calcium.
AB  - In vitro addition of some representative aliphatic, aromatic or heterocyclic
      compounds present in petroleum crude oils to washed rat platelets resulted in a
      concentration-dependent inhibition of aggregation induced by ADP or thrombin.
      Increasing concentration of extracellular Ca2+ did not alter the pattern of
      inhibition. ADP-induced intracellular Ca2+ mobilization was unaffected by most of
      the compounds tested. However, Ca2+ uptake was significantly inhibited when
      platelets were preincubated with these agents. This suggests that some components
      of crude oil may inhibit platelet aggregation by bringing about alterations in
      the platelet plasma membrane.

PMID- 3413800
TI  - Sex and strain differences of susceptibility to methylmercury toxicity in mice.
AB  - Excretion and organ distribution of mercury and susceptibility to methylmercury
      (MeHg) toxicity were compared between strains and sexes after successive oral
      administration of MeHg chloride (5 mg/kg per day) using BALB/cA (C) and C57BL/6N
      (B6) mice. Every mouse died several days after initiation of toxic symptoms, and
      significant strain and sex differences were found with regard to length of
      survival. C mice of both sexes died earlier than B6 mice. B6 males survived much
      longer (greater than 6 weeks) than B6 females (3 weeks), whereas C males died
      earlier than C females. B6 male mice showed remarkably higher urinary Hg
      excretion and lower Hg levels in the brain, liver, kidney and blood than the
      other 3 groups. With daily MeHg administration, the Hg levels in all tissues
      except the kidney showed linear increase until the manifestation of toxic
      symptoms. Mercury accumulation in the kidney, the tissue with the greatest uptake
      of Hg in the mice examined herein, was biphasic: accumulation was rapid for 7-10
      days after which the rate of increase was greatly reduced until death. It is
      suggested that conditions resulting in saturation of the rate of kidney Hg uptake
      might cause inhibition of urinary Hg excretion via some disturbance of renal
      function. Subsequently, Hg accumulation would be accelerated in various tissues,
      including the brain, leading to manifestation of toxic symptoms.

PMID- 3413801
TI  - Developmental effects of maternal stress in the CD-1 mouse induced by restraint
      on single days during the period of major organogenesis.
AB  - Maternal stress during gestation can produce significant fetal and/or postnatal
      effects, and can enhance the teratogenicity of other agents. We have previously
      shown that restraint stress on gestational day 8 in CD-1 mice produces
      significant increases in encephaloceles and supernumerary and fused ribs. In the
      present study we have examined the effects of stress induced by restraint on
      individual days during the period of major organogenesis (days 6-14). Weight loss
      and stress-induced analgesia as assessed by the tail-flick method were used to
      determine the degree of stress induced by a 12-h restraint period. Restrained
      animals lost significantly more weight and had longer tail-flick latencies than
      the concurrent food and water deprived controls on all gestational days.
      Significant increases in embryo/fetal mortality were also observed in the
      offspring of restrained animals. An increased incidence of supernumerary ribs was
      found in mice restrained on days 7 and 8. Since maternal toxicity induced by
      chemical teratogens may be accompanied by a general increase in maternal stress,
      our data suggest that such stress may be an etiological factor in teratology
      bioassays in which dose levels are sufficiently high to induce overt maternal
      toxicity.

PMID- 3413802
TI  - Enhanced electroretinogram in cats induced by exposure to mercury acetate.
AB  - The present study was undertaken in order to verify whether, and how, retinal
      functions are affected by subacute poisoning with organic mercury. Mercury
      acetate in various concentrations (0.025-0.25 mg/kg per day) was injected
      subcutaneously every second day to adult cats (N = 20) throughout a 2.5-4.0-week
      period. The electroretinogram (ERG) was recorded and the Hg2+ concentrations in
      the blood were determined. In nearly 90% of the intoxicated cats an enhanced
      electroretinogram (scotopic b-wave amplitude) was found as compared to its level
      in the normal control cats (N = 10). The latency of the ERG was found to be
      appropriately shorter, up to a maximal difference of nearly 20% in comparison to
      the controls. Hg2+ was present in the blood of the exposed cats during a 2.5
      month period following the exposure. It is concluded that exposure to mercury
      acetate induces a permanent increase in the excitability level of the cat's
      retina.

PMID- 3413803
TI  - Cytotoxic and adaptive effects in rat nasal epithelium after 3-day and 13-week
      exposure to low concentrations of formaldehyde vapour.
AB  - To study in detail possible effects of low concentrations of formaldehyde on the
      nasal epithelium, Wistar rats were exposed to 0, 0.3, 1 and 3 ppm formaldehyde
      vapour for 6 h/day, 5 days/week during 3 days or 13 weeks, using in vivo
      [3H]thymidine labeling for cell proliferation studies, and light and electron
      microscopy for detecting morphological effects. Compound related
      histopathological nasal changes varying from epithelial disarrangement to
      epithelial hyperplasia and squamous metaplasia were found in the 3 ppm group, and
      were restricted to a small area of the anterior part of the nose which is
      normally covered with respiratory epithelium. These changes were confirmed by
      electron microscopy and were not observed in the other groups. Increased cell
      turnover in the same anterior location confirmed high mitotic activity in the 3
      ppm group after 3 days and 13 weeks of exposure. At a slightly more posterior
      level in the nose a transient response in cell turnover was observed. After 3
      days of exposure a nearly log-linear relationship was found between cell turnover
      and exposure concentration reaching a 10-fold increase in the 3 ppm group, and
      suggesting challenge of the mucociliary and/or regenerative defence systems not
      only at 3 ppm but also at 0.3 and 1 ppm. After 13 weeks of exposure mean turnover
      rates in all exposed groups were markedly lower than after 3 days, and the mean
      rates of the formaldehyde-exposed groups tended to be below that of the controls.
      The variation in turnover rate after 13 weeks had increased in a concentration
      related way, suggesting individual variation in adaptation. The most likely
      adaptive mechanism at this more posterior level of the nose seemed to be the
      mucociliary defence apparatus.

PMID- 3413804
TI  - The Lausanne Stroke Registry: analysis of 1,000 consecutive patients with first
      stroke.
AB  - We present epidemiologic, etiologic, and clinical data for 1,000 consecutive
      patients with a first stroke (cerebral infarction or hemorrhage) admitted to the
      Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois since 1982. The patients were evaluated
      using a standard protocol of tests (computed tomography, Doppler ultrasonography,
      and electrocardiography in all patients, as well as angiography and specific
      cardiac investigations in selected patients). Each case was coded prospectively
      into a computerized registry. We believe that the Lausanne Stroke Registry is the
      first registry with complete computed tomography and Doppler ultrasonography data
      on all patients, which allows correlation between clinical findings, presumed
      etiology, and stroke location. Although the Lausanne Stroke Registry is not
      population-based, it gives a good estimate of the stroke-related problems in
      patients admitted to a primary-care center since our hospital is the sole acute
      care facility for stroke in the Lausanne area.

PMID- 3413805
TI  - Carotid angiography in patients with lacunar infarction. A prospective study.
AB  - We prospectively studied the results of carotid angiography in 45 patients with
      transient or nondisabling neurologic deficits caused by lacunar infarction in the
      internal capsule or corona radiata and demonstrated by computed tomography. An
      ipsilateral stenosis at the bifurcation of the internal carotid artery was found
      in 14 patients (31%, 95% confidence limits 18-47%), seven of whom also had
      stenosis of the contralateral internal carotid artery. In previous studies an
      average of 65% of patients with transient hemispheric deficit had internal
      carotid artery stenosis or occlusion. Hypertension and hypertensive retinal
      vasculopathy assessed by fundus photographs were found in most patients, but not
      significantly more often in the patients without internal carotid artery
      stenosis. Our findings support the notion that small vessel disease rather than
      emboli from the carotid bifurcation is the most common cause of lacunar
      infarction.

PMID- 3413806
TI  - Risk of brain infarction in familial hypercholesterolemia.
AB  - We followed 54 subjects with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia for an
      average of 10 (range 3-14) years. Half were treated surgically with partial ileal
      bypass and the other half (matched for age, sex, coronary heart disease, blood
      pressure, diabetes mellitus, smoking, obesity, and serum cholesterol
      concentration) were treated conservatively with diet and hypolipidemic drugs. The
      mean decrease in serum cholesterol concentration from the average value of 522
      mg/dl on entry into the study was 32% in the surgically treated group and 10% in
      the conservatively treated group. One quarter of the subjects (14 of 54) had
      symptomatic cerebrovascular disorders and one tenth (six of 54) suffered a brain
      infarction at a mean age of 43 (range 30-57) years. Two thirds of the brain
      infarctions occurred during follow-up. The method of treatment of familial
      hypercholesterolemia did not affect the number of new cerebrovascular events. The
      incidence of brain infarction was 7.4/1000/yr. The risk of brain infarction in
      these subjects with familial hypercholesterolemia was at least 20 times higher
      than in the general population. We conclude that symptomatic subjects with
      familial hypercholesterolemia have not only a high risk of coronary heart disease
      but also a high risk of cerebrovascular disorders.

PMID- 3413807
TI  - Quality of life 4 years after stroke.
AB  - The quality of life for 46 stroke survivors under the age of 65 years in a stroke
      register was studied 4 years after their first stroke. A questionnaire covering
      four domains of life (working conditions, activities at home, family
      relationships, and leisure time activities) was used for investigation of the
      quality of life. The results showed that in spite of a good recovery in terms of
      discharge from the hospital, activities of daily living, and return to work, the
      quality of life of most patients (83%) had not been restored to the prestroke
      level. Deterioration among the several domains of life ranged from 39% to 80%,
      the lowest being in the domain of activities at home and the highest in the
      domain of leisure time activities. Hemispheral localization of the lesion,
      paresis, coordination disturbances, and especially subjective tendency to
      depression were highly correlated with a deterioration in the quality of life.
      Dependence in activities of daily living and an inability to return to work were
      also associated with the lack of restoration. Our results suggest that much more
      attention should be paid to the quality of life of stroke patients.

PMID- 3413808
TI  - Abnormalities of interictal cerebral perfusion in classic but not common
      migraine.
AB  - Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured as gray matter blood flow using
      the 133Xe inhalation technique in 50 pain-free headache patients: Eight patients
      having classic migraine with normal computed tomograms were matched to patients
      having common migraine and to normal controls. Interictal rCBF was determined at
      least 6 days after the last migraine attack and more than 24 hours before the
      next one. There were no between-group differences for age, PCO2, mean hemispheric
      blood flow, interindividual and intraindividual variabilities, hyperfrontality,
      or rCBF symmetry. However, when subjects were classified as to overall abnormal
      perfusion, a significant number (n = 4, p less than 0.04) of patients with
      classic migraine had rCBF abnormalities, whereas only one such patient was seen
      in the group with common migraine. Patients with classic migraine had abnormal
      mean hemispheric blood flows or disturbed intrahemispheric rCBF patterns.
      Oligemic and hyperemic regions topographically corresponded to the clinical
      symptoms in one patient. We conclude that during migraine attacks and
      interictally there is an instability of rCBF control in patients with classic but
      not common migraine.

PMID- 3413809
TI  - Dextromethorphan protects against cerebral injury following transient focal
      ischemia in rabbits.
AB  - We investigated dextromethorphan, both a dextrorotatory opioid derivative and a
      clinically tested N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, in a rabbit
      model of transient focal cerebral ischemia. Fourteen rabbits were randomly
      assigned to treatment with a 20 mg/kg i.v. loading dose followed by a 10 mg/kg/hr
      infusion of 0.4% dextromethorphan in normal saline or with an equivalent volume
      of normal saline alone. One hour after treatment, the rabbits underwent a 1-hour
      occlusion of the left internal carotid and anterior cerebral arteries followed by
      4 hours of reperfusion. The seven dextromethorphan-treated rabbits showed a
      significant decrease in the area of neocortical severe ischemic neuronal damage
      (10.5%) compared with the seven normal saline-treated controls (49.6%, p less
      than 0.001). The dextromethorphan-treated rabbits also demonstrated significantly
      smaller areas of cortical edema (10.2%) on magnetic resonance imaging than the
      controls (38.6%, p less than 0.01). Analysis of somatosensory evoked potentials
      revealed recovery of the ipsilateral amplitude to contralateral values within 5
      minutes of reperfusion in the dextromethorphan-treated rabbits but not in the
      controls (p less than 0.01). In our rabbit model of transient focal cerebral
      ischemia, dextromethorphan appears to protect the brain against ischemic neuronal
      damage and edema, as well as to promote neurophysiologic recovery. This
      clinically available drug should be further investigated as having potential
      therapeutic value in the treatment of stroke.

PMID- 3413811
TI  - Cyclohexyl adenosine protects against neuronal death following ischemia in the
      CA1 region of gerbil hippocampus.
AB  - Sixty-five male gerbils were exposed to 30 minutes of cerebral ischemia induced
      by a bilateral carotid artery occlusion. One group of 15 gerbils received a
      single injection of 25 microliter of 5 microM cyclohexyladenosine into the
      cerebral ventricle 15 minutes after release of the occlusion. Another group of 45
      gerbils received a similar injection of the vehicle. Five days after ischemia,
      the hippocampal histology was examined under light microscopy. In the gerbils
      treated with the adenosine receptor agonist N-6-cyclohexyladenosine, the CA1
      region of the hippocampus showed significant quantitative pyramidal cell
      preservation (p less than 0.01, Mann-Whitney U test). Qualitatively, substantial
      destruction of CA1 neurons was present in all hippocampi of the vehicle-injected
      gerbils. The CA1 neurons in the cyclohexyladenosine-treated gerbils did not
      differ from those seen in the five nonischemic controls. The precise mechanism of
      the protective action of cyclohexyladenosine is unknown, although it has been
      demonstrated that adenosine agonists reduce presynaptic glutamate release in
      vitro. It is possible that postischemic administration of cyclohexyladenosine
      decreases the release of this neurotransmitter in the intact brain as well. The
      concomitant reduction of the neurotoxic effect of glutamate may, therefore,
      result in better histologic preservation of the pyramidal cells in the
      postischemic CA1.

PMID- 3413810
TI  - Nicardipine reduces calcium accumulation and electrolyte derangements in regional
      cerebral ischemia in rats.
AB  - We studied the effects of the calcium channel blocker nicardipine on regional
      tissue Ca2+, Na+, K+, and water shifts in the brains of seven Sprague-Dawley rats
      after permanent occlusions of the middle cerebral artery. We also assessed the
      entry of [14C]nicardipine into the brains of five rats; the highest
      concentrations of [14C]nicardipine were in the infarcted area. Nicardipine
      treatment significantly reduced Ca2+ accumulation in the middle cerebral artery
      territory by 60% compared with six untreated rats 6 hours after arterial
      occlusion. Eight 125-micrograms/kg boluses of nicardipine given every 30 minutes
      starting 5 minutes after arterial occlusion also significantly reduced the Na+
      and K+ shifts in the middle cerebral artery territory by 40% and 50%,
      respectively, 6 hours after arterial occlusion. Nicardipine appears to reduce
      Ca2+ accumulation more than it reduces Na+ and water accumulation and K+ loss.
      Our results suggest that a calcium channel blocker can protect brain tissues in a
      model of focal cerebral infarction by directly reducing Ca2+ entry into ischemic
      cells.

PMID- 3413812
TI  - Neuron-specific enolase is a marker of cerebral ischemia and infarct size in rat
      cerebrospinal fluid.
AB  - Neuron-specific enolase concentrations were measured in samples of rat
      cerebrospinal fluid obtained repeatedly before and after occlusion of the middle
      cerebral artery. A method for reliable, repeated sampling of cisternal
      cerebrospinal fluid was developed for this purpose. Occlusion of the middle
      cerebral artery induced cerebral infarcts of slightly variable size with good
      correlation to raised neuron-specific enolase concentrations. Sham operation
      caused only superficial cortical damage at the site of surgery and was followed
      by an early, slight, and transient increase in neuron-specific enolase
      concentration. With our technique, the development of cerebral infarcts can be
      studied in individual rats under experimentally controlled conditions over an
      extended period of time. Analysis of neuron-specific enolase can be used in
      trials of drugs for mitigating the effect of ischemia. Information concerning the
      release of neuron-specific enolase from ischemic cerebral tissue to the
      cerebrospinal fluid is important because neuron-specific enolase in the
      cerebrospinal fluid can be determined in patients suffering from cerebrovascular
      insult.

PMID- 3413813
TI  - Thromboxane A2 in severe hypertension and stroke in stroke-prone spontaneously
      hypertensive rats.
AB  - Thromboxane A2 is a prostanoid having potent platelet aggregatory and
      vasoconstrictor properties. To determine a possible role for thromboxane A2 in
      the development of severe hypertension and stroke, we chronically administered
      the selective thromboxane A2 synthase inhibitor UK-38,485 (Dazmegrel) to stroke
      prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP). Serum thromboxane B2 (the stable
      hydrolysis product of thromboxane A2) generation was significantly greater in
      incubates of whole blood from SHRSP than in those from normotensive control
      Wistar-Kyoto rats and was inhibited greater than 89% by UK-38,485 administered in
      vivo. In 10 male SHRSP fed a Japanese-style rat chow and given 1% NaCl in
      drinking water to accelerate the occurrence of stroke, treatment with 100
      mg/kg/day UK-38,485 by gavage starting at 8.6 weeks of age diminished systolic
      blood pressure elevation at 10 (205 +/- 2 vs. 220 +/- 4 mm Hg, p less than 0.01)
      and 11 weeks of age (210 +/- 4 vs. 239 +/- 7 mm Hg, p less than 0.01) compared
      with 10 untreated SHRSP. The ultimate establishment of severe hypertension was
      not prevented by UK-38,485. Stroke-related mortality was 70% in both UK-38,485
      treated and control SHRSP at 14 weeks of age. Histologic examination revealed
      cerebrovascular lesions consistent with the occurrence of stroke in both control
      and UK-38,485-treated SHRSP. Our results support a possible role for thromboxane
      A2 in the elevation of blood pressure in SHRSP but do not support a possible role
      for the prevention of stroke by thromboxane A2 synthase inhibition in these rats.

PMID- 3413814
TI  - Neurocysticercosis and pure motor hemiparesis.
AB  - A 49-year-old man with meningeal cysticercosis presented with a pure motor
      hemiparesis. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed a capsular
      infarction and a suprasellar cyst with surrounding arachnoiditis. Cerebrospinal
      fluid analysis confirmed the diagnosis as it showed positive immunologic
      reactions to cysticerci. This is the first reported case of pure motor
      hemiparesis due to a parasitic disease of the central nervous system.

PMID- 3413816
TI  - Proposed method for analyzing carotid endarterectomy results.

PMID- 3413815
TI  - Embolic stroke from cardiac papillary fibroelastomas.
AB  - We describe two patients with cerebral emboli originating from a cardiac
      papillary fibroelastoma and compared them with six patients reported in the
      literature. Surgical excision was curative in both of our patients. The surface
      topography of the tumor, as visualized by scanning electron microscopy, is
      described.

PMID- 3413817
TI  - Thalamic lesion producing ataxic hemiparesis.

PMID- 3413818
TI  - [Comparative ultrastructural characteristics of the anterior lobe of the
      hypophysis, thyroid and gonads in mammals during aging].
AB  - Ultrastructural changes in certain types of adenocytes of old rats, guinea pigs,
      rabbits and dogs are characterized by specific peculiarities. However, the
      direction of these changes mainly coincides. The somatotropic function of rats,
      guinea pigs and rabbits is suppressed, lactotrophic and corticotrophic cells
      being activated with aging. The phenomenon of the overstrain of gonadotrophic and
      thyrotrophic cells is registered. Dystrophic changes in the peripheral glands are
      observed.

PMID- 3413819
TI  - [Chondrocyte metabolism in growing and definitive cartilage exposed to lead
      acetate].
AB  - Intensity of biosynthesis of glycogen, glycosaminoglycans and collagen by
      chondrocytes has been studied. It is established that the degree of influence of
      the lead compounds on these processes depends on dose, duration of chondrocytes'
      entry into the organism and intensity of their functioning. Lead acetate has the
      greatest effect on metabolism of chondrocytes in bones of the fetal skeleton
      during its entry in the gestation period. The inhibition of glycosaminoglycans
      biosynthesis in chondrocytes delays their transition into the hypertrophic state,
      thus inhibiting the skeleton growth. The more intense is the skeleton growth, the
      greater is the lead effect.

PMID- 3413820
TI  - [Cytogenetic action of a number of monohydric alcohols on bone marrow cells in
      rats].
AB  - Single administration of monohydric alcohols to rats in equitoxic doses
      corresponding to 1/5 LD50 results in a cytogenetic effect which depends on a
      chemical structure of the alcohol molecule. The isomers are less active chemicals
      than the normal counterparts.

PMID- 3413821
TI  - [Individual variability in the level of spontaneous sister chromatid exchanges].
AB  - The contribution of genetic factors to spontaneous level of the sister chromatid
      exchanges (SCE) has been determined on the basis of the twin method of study. A
      close relation is shown to exist between the SCE tests in the group of the
      monozygotic twins which is a result of the common genotype. The SCE test with
      late BUdR introduction is under rigid genetic control.

PMID- 3413822
TI  - [Damage susceptibility of human lymphocyte chromosomes at different stages of the
      mitotic cycle in combined exposure to fast neutrons and postradiation
      hyperthermia].
AB  - The combined action of gamma rays (1-4 Gy) and postradiation hyperthermia on the
      human lymphocyte culture induces intensification of the damaging effect at the
      stage of DNA synthesis, i.e. at the most radioresistant stage of the mitotic
      cycle, the thermal intensification factor (TIF) being 1.7-2.0. After the neutron
      action (0.5-1.5 Gy) the hyperthermia has no effect on the chromosome aberration
      spectrum, the TIF being 1.8-2.5 at G1 phase and 1.8-2.4 at S phase, which
      testifies to the possible modification of neutron irradiation.

PMID- 3413824
TI  - [Actin study of the synapses of surviving hippocampal slices during long-term
      potentiation].
AB  - A study was made of the synaptic actin ultrastructural localization in the
      hippocampal slices at long-lasting potentiation of area CA, using myosin
      subfragment-1 labeling. A specific qualitative ultrastructural sign of the
      potentiated hippocampal synapses was revealed for the first time - the formation
      in spines of rodlike bundles of actin filaments resembling the cilia. They
      penetrate the spine stalks to pass through the spine core towards the
      postsynaptic densities of active zones. The thinner bridges link the filament
      bundles with the actin cytoskeleton meshwork, with spine apparatus cisterns and
      with postsynaptic membranes of the active zones. Besides the increasing density
      of the presynaptic actin meshwork was shown. The changes in the actin
      cytoskeleton being taken into consideration, its contractile properties account
      for some morphofunctional features of the potentiated synapses known before and
      predict previously unknown ones.

PMID- 3413823
TI  - [The genetics of familial cases of diaphragmatic hernia].
AB  - The analysis of 28 family cases of isolated diaphragmatic hernias has shown that
      family cases have polygenic, rather than recessive type of inheritance. The
      dominance of males with the ratio of 2:1, manifestation of damage not only in
      sibs, but also in other relatives, and the absence of consanguineous couples
      testify in favour of this supposition.

PMID- 3413825
TI  - [Incorporation of 3H-uridine into the large decidual cells of rats and their
      differentiation].
AB  - The antimesometrial part of rat's decidua of the 9th day of gestation was divided
      into three zones. Cells of either zone display their own morphological and
      cytochemical properties. Different rates of 3H-uridine incorporation were
      observed in the cytoplasm and the nucleus in cells of either zone during 5, 30,
      60 and 240 minutes after precursor injection. The largest member of silver grain
      accumulation was observed in the karyoplasm and nucleolus of cells of the
      transitional zone. The nucleus of basal zone cells had the smallest intensity of
      3H-uridine incorporation. The nuclei of the epithelial zone cells are
      characterized by a lower intensity of 3H-uridine incorporation than those of the
      transition zone. The intensity to cytoplasmic accumulation of silver grains
      raised from cells of the basal zone up to cells of the epithelial zone. The
      largest quantity of cytoplasmic radioactivity was observed 240 minutes after 3H
      uridine injection.

PMID- 3413826
TI  - [Chromosomal polymorphism of mammalian cells resistant to drugs in multiple
      passages. I. Karyotype analysis of Chinese hamster cells resistant to ethidium
      bromide in the early passages of the first steps of selection].
AB  - G-banded metaphase chromosomes of Chinese hamster V-79 RJK cells resistant to
      ethidium bromide (2.5 and 10 mcg/ml) have been analysed. The cells of the first
      selection step (clone IVerb-2, the 9th passage) revealed definite karyotypical
      instabilities. Amplifications or, in rare cases, deletions were found in
      chromosomes Z1 and Z6 which appear to have derived from chromosome 1. The
      amplified region in chromosome Z6 varied considerably in morphology. The
      chromosome instability, detected in Z1 and Z6, was reproducible in cells
      throughout the eight independent clones isolated from clone IVebr-2 under non
      selective conditions. The data obtained allow to suggest a genetically
      conditioned mechanism of the above chromosome instability. In the population of
      resistant cells on the second step of selection (clone I Vebr-5, the 9th passage)
      the frequency of the cells with amplification increased up to 100%. The length of
      amplifications increased in the majority of cells. In the cells of the third step
      of selection (clone IVerb-10, the 12th passage) with near-tetraploid chromosome
      composition, besides amplifications some specific rearrangements of chromosomes 2
      and 7 (markers Z16, Z17) were revealed. The above rearrangements are indicative
      of the karyotypical destabilization in the drug resistant cells, and may be
      evaluated as secondary phenomena casually connected with amplifications found at
      the earlier steps of selection.

PMID- 3413827
TI  - [Synapses with a different synaptic contact structure in the cerebellar cortex].
AB  - The ultrastructure of cerebellar axosomatic (inhibitory) and axo-dendritic
      (excitatory) synapses were studied on the Purkinje cells and in the lower
      molecular layer of guinea-pigs and rats, respectively. It was shown that synaptic
      contacts of excitatory and inhibitory synapses differed in the existence of
      desmosome-like structures near the active zones. The classification of synaptic
      functions according to the ultrastructure of specialized contacts, earlier
      developed to identify neurons of lower vertebrates, is supposed to be applicable
      to the nervous system of higher vertebrates.

PMID- 3413828
TI  - [Enhanced intensity of polycentric chromosome formation in cells with micronuclei
      exposed to 5-bromodeoxyuridine under prolonged hyperthermia at 40 degrees C].
AB  - The formation of polycentric chromosomes in metaphases of the first mitotic
      division of polykaryocytes containing micronuclei, under 5-BrdU treatment in the
      condition of a prolonged hyperthermia was studied. It was shown that the enhance
      of the frequency of polycentric chromosomes at 40 degrees C was statistically
      reliable. These data propose the existence of an enzymatic mechanism of
      disrupting the chromosomal ends at mitosis at the optimal condition (37 degrees
      C). In cells with micronuclei, under 5-BrdU treatment at 40 degrees C, this
      mechanism undergoes, presumably, a partial inhibition leading to the enhanced
      frequency of chromosomes with fused telomeres.

PMID- 3413829
TI  - [Cytogenetic and virological characteristics of the initial line and clones of RH
      cells with various degrees of sensitivity to the tick-borne encephalitis virus].
AB  - Virological and cytogenetic characterization of line RH and its two clones (RHk
      20 and RHk-13/6), having different sensitivity to the tick-borne encephalitis
      virus (TBE), has been made. The RHk-13/6-cells are 10,000 times more sensitive to
      cytopathic effect of the tick-borne encephalitis virus in comparison with the RHk
      20-cells. By its sensitivity to the virus the base line is in the intermediate
      position. Cytogenetic analysis revealed the variability interval decrease as to
      the chromosome number at cloning, and showed the structural stability of the line
      and clone karyotypes. The line RH and its clone K-20 have modal number of
      chromosomes equal to 65; the cell population with the chromosome number equal to
      66 dominated in RHk-13/6. The application of methods of chromosome differential
      (G, C) staining and these for the detection of active nucleolar organizers (NO)
      permitted identifying the marker chromosomes and determining the difference
      between the clones and the line as associated with the presence of an additional
      homologue of chromosome 8 in the sensitive clone.

PMID- 3413830
TI  - [Changes in the characteristics of human granulo- and monocytopoiesis and the
      activity of stromal precursor cells in acute hypobaric hypoxia].
AB  - 10 healthy men underwent a 48 hour acute hypobaric hypoxia in the "Tabai" climate
      chamber imitating conditions of an altitude of 4.00 m. above s.l. The "ascent"
      and "descent" took 30 minutes each. Blood and bone marrow samples were taken
      before entering the chamber and immediately after leaving it. A decrease in
      colony-forming capacity of granulo- and monocyte and fibroblast precursors was
      shown, along with an increase in functional activity of circulating monocytes and
      monocyte precursors in bone marrow. A possible role of changes in granulo- and
      monocytopoiesis and in stromal cells is discussed in relation to the increased
      morbidity and decreased cicatricial and bone tissue reparation in the mountains.

PMID- 3413832
TI  - [Sorption of phthalocyanine dye by erythrocyte membranes in buffered solutions of
      different tonicities].
AB  - The sorption of nonpenetrating vital phthalocyanine dye--Heliogen Blue (HB) into
      the cells was studied on the human red cells incubated in hypertonic, isotonic
      and hypotonic solutions. The alteration in the outer membrane surface was
      detected using the monomer-dimer ratio (M/D) deduced from the absorbtion spectra
      of the sorbed dye, and the concentration (C) of the dye in membrane. The decrease
      in M/D and C was found in hypotonic and hypertonic conditions, resp. The increase
      in the number of binding sites caused by conformational changes in membrane is
      discussed.

PMID- 3413831
TI  - [Protein synthesis and antibody production in hybridoma cells under
      hyperthermia].
AB  - The relation between rates of protein synthesis and antibody production was
      studied for hybridoma cells treated at 42 degrees and 44 degrees C. Both the
      biosynthetic parameters were shown to recover after a mild heat shock at 42
      degrees C with approximately the same kinetics. The treatment at 44 degrees C led
      to a full inhibition of Ig production, and the protein electrophoretic pattern
      was not recovered to normal state within 4-6 hours. The synthesis of heat shock
      proteins (HSP) was found only after the treatment at 42 degrees C. It is
      suggested that the expression of HSP is necessary for the recovery of hybridoma
      cell activities.

PMID- 3413833
TI  - [DNA synthesis in heterokaryons obtained by the fusion of proliferating cells of
      the NIH 3T3 line with cells in transition to the resting state].
AB  - NIH 3T3 mouse fibroblasts cultured in the medium containing 0.5% serum for 2, 4,
      8, 24, 48 and 72 hours were fused to cells stimulated for proliferation by
      replacing the medium with a fresh one containing 10% serum; DNA synthesis was
      studied in monokaryons, homo- and heterodikaryons using radioautography and
      double-labelling technique. Cells that were cultured in the medium with a low
      serum content for 72 hours exerted their inhibitory effect on the entry of
      stimulated nuclei into the S period in heterodikaryons, whereas cells deprived of
      serum for shorter periods failed to exert this effect. It thus appears that in
      cell fusion studies with NIH 3T3 cells, the effects of endogenous growth
      inhibitor(s) produced by resting cells may be revealed not earlier than by the
      3rd day of serum depletion.

PMID- 3413834
TI  - [Changes in the cytogenetic indices in the bone marrow cells of white rats
      undergoing mechanical trauma of various degrees of severity].
AB  - The influence of traumatic shock on some cytogenetic indices in bone marrow cells
      was investigated in white mongrel rats. The traumatic shock was caused by the
      Noble-Collip method. Comparative analyses of cytogenetic indices during trauma of
      different intensity show that the most acute changes involve the percentage of
      aberrant metaphases, and of average number of chromosome breaks per cell.
      Dynamics of changes of cytogenetic indices after a heavy trauma show that the
      traumatic shock may exert a cytogenetic effect maintaining for 18 hours. The
      results obtained and the analysis of literary data enables us to suggest that the
      speed of development of changes, and restoration of cytogenetic indices under
      various forms of trauma is quite different and may serve another confirmation of
      the hypothesis above the possibility of increasing the process of mutagenesis at
      the expense of the violation of homeostasis.

PMID- 3413835
TI  - [A trial of digital television cytophotometry].
AB  - A possible application of modern TV analyzers of microimages for absorption
      cytochemical investigation is considered. Photometric properties of the TV system
      are evaluated and methodical approaches to their improvement are given. Data on
      TV and scanning cytophotometry are compared when studying DNA contents in cells
      of different types.

PMID- 3413836
TI  - [Effect of polyamines on indices of oxygen toxicity in rats].
AB  - The intraperitoneal administration of polyamines to rats before hyperbaric
      oxygenation decreases the rate of development of hyperoxic convulsions, prevents
      lung edema and stabilizes blood cell membranes.

PMID- 3413837
TI  - [Effect of moderately low temperatures (-30 C to -70 C) on the permeability of
      erythrocyte membranes].
AB  - The barrier properties of reconstituted and native erythrocyte membranes frozen
      to -30, -40 or -70 degrees C and stored for a month were studied. The release of
      markers, namely haemoglobin molecules, [14C] sucrose and K+ ions from cells and
      membrane structures was measured. The main changes in the barrier function of
      ghosts and cells have been found to be due to freeze-thawing rather than to
      storage conditions. Glycerol, a cryoprotectant, appeared to stabilize the barrier
      properties of erythrocyte membranes for haemoglobin molecules, [14C] sucrose and
      to a lesser extent for K+ ions. The cryoprotective effect of glycerol has been
      shown to be considerably greater towards erythrocytes ghosts than to native
      erythrocytes.

PMID- 3413839
TI  - [Activity and properties of superoxide dismutase from human erythrocytes and
      plasma in ontogenesis].
AB  - One- and two-substituted potassium-salts of phosphoric acid are studied for their
      effect on the value of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the plasma and
      erythrocytes of healthy adults and newborn children. It is shown that the
      superoxide dismutase activity of plasma depends on the phosphoric acid salts
      which are used during its treatment. Single direction of changes in the activity
      of superoxide dismutase obtained after the plasma treatment by KH2PO4 and K2HPO4
      depending on the pH incubation medium, the results of separation of protein
      fractions obtained by the method of disc-electrophoresis testify that the
      superoxide dismutase activity is connected with the same protein. Different
      absolute values of the plasma SOD activity and different influence on it of azide
      sodium are, probably, determined by spatial orientation of copper ions in the
      active centre, which changes depending on pH of the medium. Superoxide dismutase
      plasma and erythrocytes in newborn children have higher activity than is adults.

PMID- 3413838
TI  - [Effect of isopropanol on the enzymatic activity and stability of thrombin].
AB  - Isopropanol is shown to affect considerably the thrombin activity. Its low
      concentrations (5-15%) activate the hydrolysis reaction of benzoyl-1-arginine
      ethyl ester (BAEE) by thrombin, whereas incomplete uncompetitive inhibition of
      the enzyme is observed in the presence of 20% isopropanol. Alcohol in the
      concentration of 25% results in complete reversible inhibition of the clothing
      and esterase activity of the enzyme. Isopropanol in the concentration of 25% is
      able to suppress the thrombin autolysis and therefore it may be used as a reagent
      which stabilizes thrombin during its storage in the aquatic-salt solutions.

PMID- 3413840
TI  - [Optimization of separation of purine and pyrimidine compounds using ion-pair
      reversed-phase high performance chromatography (HPLC)].
AB  - Utilization of ion-air reagents in a reversed-phase chromatographic system allows
      solving a number of problems related to the separation of purine and pyrimidine
      derivatives. Simultaneous analysis of nucleotides, nucleosides and their bases
      was carried out by acetonitrile gradient elution using tetrabutyl ammonium
      phosphate as a counterion in the mobile phase. Besides, optimal conditions were
      selected for isocratic separation of adenine nucleotides and their metabolites.
      Furthermore, isocratic separation of certain purines and pyrimidines was achieved
      by modifying the stationary C18-phase with pentane- and heptane sulphonic acids.

PMID- 3413841
TI  - [Inhibition with tetracaine of passive Ca2+ flux through the membrane of the
      sarcoplasmic reticulum of skeletal muscles].
AB  - The initial fast phase of Ca2+ efflux from vesicles of sarcoplasmic reticulum
      (SR) loaded with Ca2+ passively or in ATP-dependent process and the initial fast
      phase of Ca2+ influx into the SR vesicles are inhibited by 0.5 mM tetracaine. The
      inhibitory action of tetracaine observed both with the heavy and light SR
      fractions is competitive with Ca2+, decreased with varying pH from 5.8 to 7.8 and
      temperature from 20 degrees C to 37 degrees C. Choline chloride in the
      concentration of 150 mM at 37 degrees C prevents the inhibitory action of
      tetracaine. It is supposed that electrostatic interaction plays an essential role
      in tetracaine-inhibition of passive Ca2+ fluxes through the membrane.

PMID- 3413842
TI  - [Lipids and proteolipids in membranes of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum of rat
      enterocytes. Vitamin D-dependent calcium binding].
AB  - The lipid and proteolipid composition of endoplasmic reticulum smooth membranes
      from rat enterocytes in normalcy and under D-hypovitaminosis is studied to show
      the Ca2+-binding with these components. These membranes in vitamin D-deficiency
      are established to differ in the cholesterol content. Proteolipids 1 and 2 are
      isolated from the lipid fraction of membranes. Their amino acid composition is
      determined. The vitamin D-dependent binding of Ca by the proteolipid fraction is
      shown.

PMID- 3413844
TI  - [N- and C-terminal amino acids of proteolipids from the rat brain and various
      other organs].
AB  - N- and C-terminal amino acids of proteolipid proteins from the whole brain and
      some other organs were investigated. N-terminal amino acids were identified by
      the dansylation procedure. C-terminal amino acids were determined after the
      enzymatic hydrolysis with carboxy peptidases A and B with the following
      dansylation. Phenyl alanine and lysine were identified as C-terminal amino acids
      of the proteolipids from the whole brain and only lysine--as the C-terminal amino
      acid of proteolipids from the heart, liver, kidney (cortical and medullary parts)
      and skeletal muscle. The corresponding N-terminal amino acids of the proteolipids
      from the whole brain were aspartic acid and glycine and of proteolipids from the
      heart, liver, kidney (cortical and medullary parts) and skeletal muscle--only
      aspartic acid. A comparison of the data obtained with the previous ones has shown
      that in the brain there exist only two types of proteolipids--one characteristic
      of myelin, another-- of mitochondria, and in other organs--only one
      characteristic of mitochondria.

PMID- 3413843
TI  - [Nonsymmetrical polymethine dyes as fluorescent probes for the study of
      microviscosity of membrane phospholipid bilayers].
AB  - Nonsymmetrical polymethine dyes are shown to be applied as a new approach in the
      studies of phospholipid membrane microviscosity. The method requires
      determination of the intensity ratio for the long-wave length (Ig) and short-wave
      length (Ik) bands of fluorescence spectra in the region of 730-770 nm at
      exitation 600 nm. It allows determination of microviscosity by comparative
      measurements of the fluorescence parameter Ig/Ik in the model medium of the known
      viscosity (glycerol) and the object under study. Microviscosity in egg
      phosphatidylcholine vesicules (liposomes) is found to be 0.6-1.2 P. It depends on
      the surface curvature (size of vesicle), cholesterol content and temperature. It
      the studies of dimiristoylphosphatidyl choline liposomes the changes in
      microviscosity at the phase transition temperature are shown to be from 4.5 to
      1.1 P. The transition temperature is 24.5 degrees C, the transition range being
      2.2 degrees C. The results of this work demonstrate the advantages of the
      suggested approach to study mobility in phospholipid membranes and confirm it to
      be promising to study natural membranes and whole cells.

PMID- 3413845
TI  - [Glycosylated hemoglobins in humans and various animal species].
AB  - The quantity of glycosylated hemoglobins and proteins from blood serum of
      rabbits, fishes, minks and guinea-pigs is investigated. The content of
      glycosylated hemoglobins in newborns and healthy adults is compared with that of
      animals. The colorimeter method of defining glycosylate proteins is used in the
      test. Three groups are isolated by the quantity of glycosylated proteins. These
      are the following: the first group with the low content--minks, rabbits, guinea
      pigs, the second one with the mean content--healthy newborn and grown-ups and the
      third group with the high content--fishes. The obtained results evidence for
      possibility of protein glycosylation not only in human beings but also in animals
      and fishes.

PMID- 3413846
TI  - [Adsorption of amino acids and peptides on an activated carbon-fibrous material].
AB  - The adsorption process of amino acids and peptides by the activated carbon
      fibrous material has been studied. The adsorption depends on availability of
      aromatic and some hydrophobic (isoleucine, leucine, methionine) amino acids.
      These data permit explaining the mechanism of the adsorption of protein fragments
      by the carbon-fibrous material and elaborating principles of the bioassay of
      carbon-fibrous sorbents and purifying some proteins and other substances.

PMID- 3413848
TI  - [Oxidative phosphorylation in the brain in myocardial necrosis. The effect of
      emotional stress].
AB  - The formation of ischemic myocardium necrosis is accompanied by a disturbance of
      respiratory and phosphorylating function in the cortex of cerebral hemispheres.
      In this case the most considerable changes are revealed with the use of alpha
      ketoglutarate as an oxidation substrate. Inhibition of succinic acid oxidation
      arises only when the acute stage of the experiment comes to an end (by the 7th
      day). Development of ischemic myocardium necrosis after the endured stress
      results in deeper inhibition of mitochondrial respiration of cerebral
      hemispheres.

PMID- 3413847
TI  - [Somatotropin increases the rate of incorporation of thymidine into DNA and amino
      acids into proteins of thymocyte subpopulations isolated in a ficoll-urografin
      gradient from hypothyroid rats].
AB  - The summarized suspension of thymocytes was separated into subpopulations in the
      ficoll-urografin gradient density and 6 fractions of thymocytes were obtained.
      Experiments in vivo showed that under hypothyreosis incorporation of 3H-thymidine
      into DNA thymocytes, which were isolated in the ficoll-urografin density of
      1.065, 1.071, 1.073 and residue is found to be increased than that of intact rats
      by 72, 35, 47 and 24%, respectively, and incorporation of 14C-amino acids into
      thymocyte proteins--by 44, 29, 37 and 45%, respectively. Somatotropin normalizes
      incorporation of the mentioned precursors into the corresponding biopolymers.

PMID- 3413849
TI  - [Mitochondrial respiration and oxygen transport during various stages of lung
      inflammation].
AB  - It is shown in rats with experimental lung inflammation that the phosphorylative
      and uncoupling mitochondrial respiration intensity rises at acute and reverses to
      the normal level at subacute inflammation. At chronic inflammation the 2,4-DNP
      stimulated mitochondrial respiration enhances and the ADPO coefficient lowers. At
      all stages of inflammation the pO2 rise in muscles after O2-inhalation is less
      than in healthy animals. The disturbance of O2 transport in organism may be the
      reason of the described low energy shift at lung inflammation.

PMID- 3413850
TI  - [Energy-dependent transport of tetraphenylphosphonium ions in Staphylococcus
      aureus].
AB  - Transmembrane potential differences on the membrane of staphylococci were
      measured using tetraphenylphosphonium selective electrodes. When rising pH from
      6.0 to 8.0 the transmembrane potential difference values vary from -118 to -155
      mV. At 37 degrees C glucose exerts at first a hyperpolarizable and then a
      depolarizable effect. At the temperature below 27 degrees C its evokes only
      membrane hyperpolarization. The depolarizable effect of gramicidin is observed at
      all the studied temperatures.

PMID- 3413851
TI  - [Chiropractor treatment of infantile colic].

PMID- 3413852
TI  - [Avascular necrosis of the femur head. Epidemiology and treatment].

PMID- 3413853
TI  - [Duration of symptoms prior to hospitalization and mode of admission in acute
      myocardial infarction].

PMID- 3413855
TI  - [Treatment of infants by chiropractors during the first year of life. Occurrence
      and reasons for seeking treatment].

PMID- 3413854
TI  - [Practical experiences with routine streptokinase treatment in acute myocardial
      infarction].

PMID- 3413856
TI  - [Treatment of infants by chiropractors during the first year of life. Pattern of
      contact with the therapist].

PMID- 3413857
TI  - [The significance of the mode of delivery for the subsequent development of
      infantile colic].

PMID- 3413859
TI  - [May-Hegglin anomaly in a Danish family].

PMID- 3413858
TI  - [The effect of a pneumatic tourniquet on human striated muscle assessed by means
      of 31P-NMR spectroscopy].

PMID- 3413860
TI  - [Acute treatment of amphetamine abuse].

PMID- 3413861
TI  - [Primary health service in the African developing country Mozambique].

PMID- 3413862
TI  - [Rheumatoid arthritis. New criteria from the American Rheumatism Association].

PMID- 3413863
TI  - [Use of nitrous oxide (N2O) in pregnant women during the first trimester].

PMID- 3413864
TI  - [Fiber optic bronchoscopy. A review of indications and complications].

PMID- 3413865
TI  - [Fiber optic bronchoscopy in a department of pulmonary medicine. Status after a
      year].

PMID- 3413866
TI  - [Bed occupancy per person per day throughout the lifetime of a patient and
      hospital stay prior to death].

PMID- 3413867
TI  - [Estimation of bleeding-time by means of Ivy's method employing a local
      analgesic].

PMID- 3413868
TI  - [Complications of total hip alloplasty related to preoperative and peroperative
      factors].

PMID- 3413869
TI  - [The effects of different rates of hemodialysis on acid-base balance, myocardial
      capacity and myocardial oxygen balance].

PMID- 3413870
TI  - [Antibiotic use in Denmark and its control].

PMID- 3413871
TI  - [Physiopathological mechanisms in asthma and the effects of glucocorticoids].

PMID- 3413872
TI  - [Transferrin and transferrin receptors. Physiology and clinical aspects].

PMID- 3413873
TI  - [Encephalitis].

PMID- 3413874
TI  - [Acute encephalitis. A retrospective study].

PMID- 3413875
TI  - [Mistletoe therapy of metastasizing renal cancer. A phase II study].

PMID- 3413876
TI  - [Finger joint contractures in children and adolescents with insulin-dependent
      diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 3413877
TI  - [The pill electrode. A new method of esophageal electrocardiography].

PMID- 3413878
TI  - [Rectal exploration in infantile colic].

PMID- 3413879
TI  - [Language, heredity and behavior].

PMID- 3413880
TI  - [Consumption of antibiotics in Denmark after an information campaign].

PMID- 3413881
TI  - [The role of the family physician in the treatment of patients increases].

PMID- 3413882
TI  - [AIDS--knowledge and attitude among a group of medical students].

PMID- 3413883
TI  - [Referral pattern to the AIDS' line. Report of telephone calls during the period
      from 3 November 1986 to 31 December 1987].

PMID- 3413884
TI  - [Work at a hospital in Uganda].

PMID- 3413885
TI  - [Tobacco-induced damage, control measures and future tasks].

PMID- 3413886
TI  - [Cessation of smoking as secondary prevention in non-malignant diseases].

PMID- 3413887
TI  - [Do health problems result in cessation of smoking?].

PMID- 3413888
TI  - [Excretion of methotrexate in saliva and sweat. An occupational hygiene
      evaluation].

PMID- 3413889
TI  - [Significance of the time interval between the delivery of the first and second
      twin].

PMID- 3413890
TI  - [Prognosis in Bowen's disease localized to the ano-genital region. A histological
      evaluation and a clinical follow-up of 38 patients].

PMID- 3413891
TI  - [Accidental explosions when using rotating ceramic grinding stones].

PMID- 3413892
TI  - [Fracture of the hamate bone].

PMID- 3413893
TI  - [Elderly citizens of Fredriksberg in their homes one year after staying at a
      halfway house. A questionnaire study].

PMID- 3413894
TI  - [Hypertension and anesthesia. A prospective study of the correlation between pre-
      and postoperative blood pressure and postoperative morbidity and mortality].

PMID- 3413896
TI  - [Examination of the nasotracheal secretion in children].

PMID- 3413895
TI  - [Examination for dislocation of the hip in the neonatal period].

PMID- 3413897
TI  - [Spontaneous regression of serum HCG in 18 patients following evacuation of
      uncomplicated androgenic moles].

PMID- 3413898
TI  - [Occurrence of urethral stricture in patients submitting to vascular surgery. Is
      urethral ischemia an important pathogenetic factor of urethral stricture?].

PMID- 3413899
TI  - [Giant cell arteritis during steroid therapy].

PMID- 3413900
TI  - [Urinary retention caused by Elsinore pills].

PMID- 3413901
TI  - [Separation of a sliding screw and splint after osteosynthesis of a trochanteric
      femoral fracture].

PMID- 3413902
TI  - The influence of hematocrit on hemolysis by ultrasonically activated gas-filled
      micropores.
AB  - In vitro studies of ultrasonic bioeffects typically employ cell number densities
      much lower than those present in vivo, which can lead to difficulties in
      interpretation and extrapolation. In this study, the influence of cell number
      density on the hemolytic effect of ultrasonic gas-body activation (a low-level
      form of cavitation) was investigated. Hydrophobic membranes with 4 micron
      diameter gas-trapping micropores were immersed in saline suspensions of
      erythrocytes with hematocrits (HCT) from 0.001 to 0.3, and whole blood, and
      exposed to 1.7 MHz continuous-wave ultrasound in a 37 degrees C saline-filled
      exposure bath. Significant hemolysis was observed for spatial peak intensities
      above about 45-90 mW/cm2 for the 16 min exposures. The percentage of cells
      hemolyzed tended to decrease with increasing hematocrit such that the number of
      cells hemolyzed, which is proportional to the product of the hematocrit and the
      percent hemolysis, remained roughly constant. Readily observable in vitro effects
      may therefore become quite subtle when diluted, as for in vivo conditions, by
      large numbers of cells.

PMID- 3413903
TI  - The effect of solvation on the ultrasonic absorption of bovine serum albumin
      solutions.
AB  - The role of solvation and structural equilibria in determining the ultrasonic
      absorption of aqueous solutions of bovine serum albumin has been investigated
      using chemical agents to denature the protein in solution. The agents used were
      methanol, ammonium sulphate, and guanidine hydrochloride. Two different
      techniques of measurement were used to cover the frequency range 200 kHz to 30
      MHz. The results show that only guanidine hydrochloride produces a significant
      change in ultrasonic absorption even though the other agents were used at
      concentrations close to those which would produce protein precipitation. The
      conclusion is that in the above frequency range structural and solvation-related
      equilibria are unimportant and only perturbation of proton-transfer equilibria
      associated with the protein amino acid residues leads to the bulk of the
      ultrasonic absorption.

PMID- 3413905
TI  - How to measure crystallization conditions in urine: a comparison of 7 methods.
      Report from a workshop held on November 28, 1987 in Basle.

PMID- 3413904
TI  - How reliable are the measurements of crystallization conditions in urine?

PMID- 3413906
TI  - Urolithiasis associated with urogenital tuberculosis. Clinical and mineralogical
      aspects.
AB  - Of 628 patients with bacteriologically or histologically proven urogenital
      tuberculosis (UGT) treated from 1960 to 1985. 126 patients (20.1%) had additional
      urinary tract infection and 66 patients (10.5%) developed urolithiasis. In these
      66 patients a simultaneous urinary tract infection occurred in 29 cases (43.9%).
      Twenty-eight calculi were analyzed by a combined crystal-optical and x-ray
      diffraction method. A high incidence of struvite/carbonate apatite calculi
      (11/28) as well as of calcium phosphate calculi (6/28) was found. The texture of
      15 calculi was investigated on thin sections by polarization microscopy and a
      high concentration of organic material was found in both calcium oxalate and
      struvite/carbonate apatite calculi probably due to the specific and nonspecific
      infection with deposition of cell and protein degradation products.

PMID- 3413907
TI  - Morphological changes in canine kidneys following extra-corporeal shock wave
      treatment.
AB  - Extracorporal shock wave lithotripsy has rapidly become established world wide as
      a routine method for treatment of nephro- and ureterolithiasis. Although initial
      studies showed no tissue damaging effect by the shock waves, we found in an
      animal experiment using canine kidneys, the ESWL induced damage to the renal
      parenchyma is more marked than originally assumed. The damage is limited to the
      area that was focused on, and heals relatively rapidly by connective tissue
      encapsulation with final cicatrisation without any further residual effects being
      observed until now. This parenchymal damage is probably also the cause of the
      macrohaematuria that is always observed during therapy. The resulting tissue
      damage is not extensive enough to cause demonstrable reduction of function as
      measured by the usual methods (serum creatinine, creatinine clearance, isotopy
      renography, i/v-urography). The main clinical complication is the large
      subcapsular haematoma which, according to present knowledge, could well result
      from a lesion of the larger peripheral vessels. Damage to other organs such as
      subserous colonic and small bowel haematomata are to be expected although they do
      not lead to clinical symptoms.

PMID- 3413909
TI  - Does invasive bladder cancer differ between women and men?
AB  - From July, 1976, to June, 1985, one hundred one radical cystectomies were
      performed for bladder cancer in our institution. Seventy-four were in men and 27
      in women (2.7 to 1). In 87 percent of men the cystectomy was performed for
      transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) compared with 60 percent in women. Squamous
      cell carcinoma (SCC) was more prevalent in women, 30 percent versus 6 percent in
      men. Females also were more likely to have pT3, pT4 tumors at cystectomy, 59
      percent versus 18 percent. The possible reasons for these differences are
      presented.

PMID- 3413908
TI  - Renal blood flow and pelvic pressure after 4 weeks of total upper urinary tract
      obstruction in the pig. The effect of a TxA2 synthetase inhibitor on active
      preglomerular vasoconstriction.
AB  - In 8 female pigs complete unilateral ureteral obstruction was investigated over a
      4 weeks period. The pigs were monitored with intrapelvic pressure measurements
      and by 131-I-hippuran scintigraphy twice a week; one group without and one with
      TxA2 blocking, UK-38,485 [3-(1H-imidazol-1-yl-methyl)-2-methyl-1H-indol-1
      propanoic acid], which is a well-known selective thromboxane synthetase
      inhibitor. During the course of obstruction there was an ipsilateral linear
      reduction of split function to background level and a net reduction in total
      hippuran clearance in both groups. On the obstructed side there was a linear
      reduction of hippuran clearance from 116 +/- 26 ml/min to 11 +/- 3 ml/min during
      the first 2 weeks of obstruction. The TxA2 synthetase inhibitor, 5 mg/kg reduced
      se-TxB2 to almost zero for at least one hour after i.v. administration. One week
      after obstruction the pelvic pressure was 45 +/- 5 cm H2O) administration of the
      TxA2 synthetase inhibitor. The pelvic pressure remained elevated throughout the
      period of observation. The study confirmed earlier work which showed that total
      ureteral obstruction caused complete cessation of kidney function within a few
      weeks, but contradicts previous studies because there was no increase in renal
      blood flow after thromboxane blockade. These differences may be explained by
      several mechanisms. The continuing increase in pelvic pressure suggested that it
      was not only a preglomerular vasoconstriction which was responsible for the renal
      flow reduction, but that there was also a postglomerular vasoconstriction.

PMID- 3413911
TI  - Inverted papilloma of bladder: clinical significance.
AB  - Based on 15 cases of inverted urothelial papilloma, we present the clinical
      significance of these lesions in view of the current literature. An inverted
      papilloma should raise suspicion with respect to the whole urothelial surface.
      However, approaching every lesion of this type as a (pre-)neoplastic tumor does
      not seem justified, since 90 percent of all cases reported so far do not present
      any clinical or histologic feature of malignancy. Some factors, such as the
      patient's history, eventually associated urothelial carcinomas, or histologic
      features of malignant transformation within an inverted papilloma, must be taken
      into consideration. If no single indication in favor of malignancy has been
      disclosed, we believe follow-up with yearly endoscopic investigations, in
      addition to regular urine cytologies, may suffice.

PMID- 3413910
TI  - Treatment of urinary complications after total joint replacement in elderly
      females.
AB  - Urinary retention and the possible consequence of infection after total joint
      replacement is an important subject to urologists and orthopedic surgeons. A
      prospective, randomized study was performed in 77 elderly female patients with
      total joint replacement to test whether twenty-four-hour catheterization
      perioperatively or straight catheterization postoperatively in the recovery room
      might reduce the control group's incidence of postoperative urinary tract
      infection (9%), urinary retention (57%), and subsequent urinary catheterizations.
      In 16 percent of the patients who had straight catheterization in the recovery
      room a urinary tract infection developed postoperatively, and 65 percent of these
      patients required at least one more catheterization with 13 percent requiring a
      subsequent indwelling Foley catheter. The patients who had perioperative
      (immediately preoperatively and for 24 hours postoperatively) catheter drainage
      had a zero incidence of retention and only a 4 percent incidence of urinary tract
      infection. We recommend this regimen for elderly female patients undergoing total
      joint replacement under spinal anesthesia.

PMID- 3413912
TI  - Penile plethysmography on impotent men using vacuum constrictor devices.
AB  - Vacuum constrictor devices achieve an erection-like state of the penis by means
      of a clear plastic cylinder, a vacuum pump, and a constrictor ring. Although
      these devices are noninvasive compared with penile injections and implants, they
      have been used less often in clinical practice. Part of the hesitancy to
      prescribe these devices has been related to the lack of published data concerning
      the effects of constriction on penile blood flow. In this report, we utilized
      penile plethysmography to estimate penile blood flow on 51 men before, during,
      and after the use of the constrictor ring. All patients demonstrated a 70-75
      percent decline in the amplitude of the pulse-volume curve during constriction,
      but continuous blood flow was maintained in each case. Within sixty seconds after
      removal of the ring, the amplitude returned to baseline values for all men,
      including 12 patients with a penile brachial index of less than 0.7. Among 33
      patients, there was evidence of a transient increase of amplitude following
      constriction, which was consistent with a postischemic hyperemia. These findings
      suggest normal penile blood flow, and indicate that the use of constrictor rings
      may be safe for patients with these tracings. Penile plethysmography appears to
      be a useful technique to help with patient selection and constrictor ring fit.
      Follow-up tracings probably should be scheduled at periodic intervals for men
      utilizing these rings and devices.

PMID- 3413913
TI  - Treatment of ureteral calculi by extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy. UCLA
      experience.
AB  - One hundred sixteen patients underwent extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy
      (ESWL) for ureteral stones. In 108 patients, the stones were manipulated pre-ESWL
      whereas 8 patients underwent ESWL without prior stone manipulation. Ureteral
      lubrication using a 2% Xylocaine jelly solution greatly facilitated the
      retrograde advancement of the calculus or the passage of ureteral catheters
      alongside the stone. ESWL disintegrated all but 4 stones for an overall success
      rate of 96.6 per cent. It is considered that the combination of retrograde
      ureteral stone repositioning and ESWL is a highly successful alternative in the
      management of ureteral calculi.

PMID- 3413914
TI  - Colon perforation following percutaneous nephrolithotomy.
AB  - Between February 1984 and 1986, 285 patients underwent percutaneous nephrostomy
      placement followed by track dilation and calculi removal. Although percutaneous
      colonic perforation is rare, we report a case consequent to this procedure. The
      patient had a good outcome after surgical management of the damaged colon. This
      report considers the anatomic aspects for percutaneous nephrostomy placement as
      well as the auxiliary methods used in diagnosis of lesions of the colon.

PMID- 3413915
TI  - Scalpel for operations on patients possibly infected with human immunodeficiency
      virus.

PMID- 3413916
TI  - Percutaneous placement of permanent suprapubic tube.

PMID- 3413917
TI  - Noncrossed renal ectopia with fusion associated with single ectopic ureterocele.
AB  - We report a case of noncrossed renal ectopia with fusion associated with a single
      ectopic ureterocele. This association is rare, and it is extremely rare that an
      ectopic ureterocele is not a part of the duplicated urinary collecting system.
      Some problems about classification of renal fusion and ectopia are presented, and
      a new classification is introduced.

PMID- 3413918
TI  - Prostatitis and aspiration biopsy cytology of prostate.
AB  - Aspiration biopsy of the prostate is contraindicated when active prostatitis is
      present. However, we have found prostatitis in 45.2 percent of 250 consecutive
      aspiration biopsy specimens, confirming that urologists have difficulty in
      distinguishing prostatitis from carcinoma on a clinical basis. The epithelial
      changes accompanying prostatitis also may be confused with carcinoma. We review
      the microscopic features which distinguish prostatitis from carcinoma. Because
      14.1 percent of the patients with prostatitis in this study also had carcinoma,
      repeat follow-up biopsy is necessary if suspicion of carcinoma persists after
      adequate therapy for prostatitis.

PMID- 3413919
TI  - Urethral pressure profilometry in Scott artificial urinary sphincter.

PMID- 3413920
TI  - Megestrol acetate and minidose estrogen in prostatic carcinoma.

PMID- 3413922
TI  - AMS 700 inflatable penile prosthesis.

PMID- 3413921
TI  - Atypical stromal smooth muscle hyperplasia of prostate.

PMID- 3413923
TI  - Birth of twins after transfer of cattle embryos produced by in vitro techniques.

PMID- 3413924
TI  - Vaginal rupture in ewes.

PMID- 3413925
TI  - Osteochondrosis: a new problem for the profession?

PMID- 3413926
TI  - Comparison of ivermectin, oxfendazole and levamisole for use as anthelmintics
      during the periparturient period in sheep.
AB  - Ewes synchronised with progestin impregnated sponges to reduce the spread of
      lambing were treated during the periparturient period with anthelmintic. The
      suppression of nematode egg output in faeces was measured in ewes given
      ivermectin either by subcutaneous injection or orally, or oxfendazole or
      levamisole orally. Ivermectin and oxfendazole reduced the output of eggs in the
      faeces of the ewes significantly (P less than 0.05) and the period of suppressed
      egg output was extended when ivermectin was given by subcutaneous injection.
      Plasma pepsinogen activity was estimated as a measure of abomasal damage.
      Pepsinogen values were significantly (P less than 0.001) lower in those animals
      treated with ivermectin by subcutaneous injection than in control animals.
      Levamisole showed a poorer response in terms of the output of eggs in faeces than
      either ivermectin or oxfendazole.

PMID- 3413927
TI  - A study to investigate lairage time and acute pleurisy in pigs.

PMID- 3413928
TI  - Bovine spongiform encephalopathy.

PMID- 3413929
TI  - Effects of age on breeding performance.

PMID- 3413930
TI  - Slaughter methods compared.

PMID- 3413931
TI  - Blowpipe permission.

PMID- 3413932
TI  - A parvo tale.

PMID- 3413933
TI  - Congenital cataracts in English cocker spaniels.

PMID- 3413934
TI  - Professional fees.

PMID- 3413936
TI  - The degradation of bovine faecal pats containing ivermectin.

PMID- 3413937
TI  - Long bone deformity in suckler calves.

PMID- 3413938
TI  - Optimum time for neutering.

PMID- 3413935
TI  - Safety of lasalocid in turkeys and its compatibility with tiamulin.
AB  - An investigation involving 640 turkeys demonstrated that the inclusion of
      lasalocid continuously from day-old to 16 weeks of age, at levels up to 375 ppm
      in the feed, produced no adverse effects; furthermore, the inclusion of 125 ppm
      lasalocid in the feed was compatible with the administration of 250 ppm tiamulin
      in the drinking water continuously for five days to turkeys over the same age
      range.

PMID- 3413940
TI  - Code of practice for storage and dispensing of medicines by veterinary surgeons.

PMID- 3413939
TI  - Medicines with care.

PMID- 3413942
TI  - A convenient method for the treatment of chronic copper poisoning in sheep using
      subcutaneous ammonium tetrathiomolybdate.
AB  - Effective control of copper poisoning in sheep was obtained by the subcutaneous
      injection of ammonium tetrathiomolybdate. Three doses, each of 3.4 mg/kg
      bodyweight, were given on alternate days. This treatment caused a substantial
      reduction in liver copper content and in liver damage. It also decreased the
      mortality rate in animals that had developed the haemolytic crisis. The
      subcutaneous route is as effective as the intravenous route and is more
      convenient. No adverse side-effects of the treatment were observed.

PMID- 3413941
TI  - A pheromonal function for the perineal skin glands in the cow.
AB  - Two cows with synchronised oestrous cycles were housed with a Friesian bull.
      During the midcycle period of the cows, one cow was given an intradermal
      injection of adrenaline in the perineal region. This caused local sweat gland
      discharge. The other cow was treated with water. The number and types of bull-to
      cow behaviours were recorded before, during and after the day of treatment. This
      was repeated at three-weekly intervals for a total of four times. On the day of
      treatment the bull directed a greater proportion of olfactory behaviours towards
      the adrenaline-treated cow than the other cow (P less than 0.05). There was no
      difference between the cows before or after the day of treatment. The above
      experiments were repeated with a Hereford bull who showed the same response as
      the Friesian for the first two but not the last two experiments. The increased
      proportion of bull olfactory behaviours elicited by an increased perineal skin
      gland discharge, adds support to our hypothesis that the perineal skin glands are
      the source of an oestrous pheromone in the cow.

PMID- 3413944
TI  - Anaesthesia in the European otter (Lutra lutra).

PMID- 3413943
TI  - Economic and reproductive consequences of retained placenta in dairy cattle.
AB  - The financial losses due to retained placenta in Dutch dairy cattle were
      estimated by using two different methods of calculation. A data-set containing
      the birth records of 160,188 Meuse-Rhine-Yssel cows provided data on the
      reproductive performance of cows with and without retained placenta. The
      fertility of cows after retention of the placenta appeared to be affected. An
      economic calculation made by adding the losses due to increased calving interval,
      increased culling rate, loss of milk production and the costs of veterinary
      treatment and drugs revealed that the total loss due to retained placenta was 471
      pounds per year for a 100-cow farm with an average incidence of the condition
      (6.6 per cent). For a 'problem' farm with a 30 per cent rate, the loss was 2139
      pounds per year. A computer farm simulation model, based on a stochastic
      determination of events, was used to make calculations for circumstances closely
      resembling those on farms. A 6.6 per cent rate of retained placenta caused a
      small but significant decrease in net return on labour and management; however, a
      30 per cent rate caused highly significant changes. The economic effects of
      retained placenta were similar in magnitude in herds of high or low productivity
      and high or low fertility. Sensitivity analysis showed that the greatest
      financial losses were caused by loss of milk production, followed by the number
      of animals suffering from complications. The financial losses in herds with an
      average rate of retained placenta were thus of limited economic importance and
      therapeutic measures alone should be adequate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3413945
TI  - Mild weather benefits cattle.

PMID- 3413946
TI  - Liability for nuisance.

PMID- 3413947
TI  - Osteochondrosis.

PMID- 3413948
TI  - Tuberculosis in red deer.

PMID- 3413949
TI  - Embryo transplants: ethical stance needed.

PMID- 3413950
TI  - Ram examination survey.

PMID- 3413951
TI  - Efficacy of topically administered ivermectin against chorioptic and sarcoptic
      mange of cattle.
AB  - The efficacy of topically administered ivermectin against Chorioptes bovis and
      Sarcoptes scabiei var bovis on cattle was evaluated in five studies involving a
      total of 68 cattle. Treatment with ivermectin solution at a dose rate of 500
      micrograms/kg bodyweight topically once was fully effective against C bovis and S
      scabiei when applied to healthy skin. Efficacy against S scabiei was impaired
      when the formulation was applied over areas of severe lesions caused by this
      parasite, presumably due to reduced absorption of ivermectin.

PMID- 3413952
TI  - Epidemiological study of bovine respiratory syncytial virus infections in calves:
      influence of maternal antibodies on the outcome of disease.
AB  - A prospective epidemiological survey on bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV)
      infections in calves was carried out on 21 dairy farms during one BRSV epidemic
      season. Special attention was paid to the role of maternal antibodies. On 15
      farms the spread of the virus was demonstrated during the investigation period
      and on eight farms this was accompanied by an outbreak of acute respiratory
      disease. Disease seldom occurred in calves younger than two weeks old and the
      most severe disease was observed in calves from one to three months old. Although
      maternal antibodies did not effectively prevent the disease, both the incidence
      and severity of disease were inversely related to the level of specific maternal
      antibodies. Two serodiagnostic techniques were compared. In calves older than
      three months from herds with disease outbreaks associated with bovine respiratory
      syncytial virus the diagnosis was established in 80 per cent of the animals by an
      increase in IgG titre against BRSV and in 77 per cent by the detection of BRSV
      specific IgM. In comparison, only 10 per cent of the calves younger than three
      months were positive by IgG serodiagnosis, and 51 per cent by IgM serodiagnosis.
      On farms where the spread of the virus was accompanied by an outbreak of clinical
      disease more calves were present, a higher proportion of the calves was younger
      than three months, and calves of all ages were more often housed together.

PMID- 3413953
TI  - Left displacement of the abomasum in a pregnant primigravid heifer.

PMID- 3413955
TI  - Systemic diseases common in cattle this spring.

PMID- 3413954
TI  - Triorchidism in a domestic fowl.

PMID- 3413956
TI  - Bovine spongiform encephalopathy.

PMID- 3413957
TI  - Encephalopathy in calves.

PMID- 3413958
TI  - New regulations for medicated feedingstuffs.

PMID- 3413960
TI  - The safe use of X-rays.

PMID- 3413959
TI  - An assessment of the efficacy and safety of selenium and cobalt included in an
      anthelmintic for sheep.
AB  - A trial was devised to assess whether the administration of selenium and cobalt
      together with the anthelmintic mebendazole (Ovitelmin S&C) was safe and could
      improve the supplies of selenium and cobalt for adult sheep fed a whole grain
      diet, low in both elements, which produced a steady decrease in blood glutathione
      peroxidase (GSHPx) and plasma vitamin B12 concentrations. Ovitelmin S&C, when
      given orally in a single dose as a suspension containing 0.34 mg selenium/ml, and
      0.44 mg cobalt/ml (to provide 0.11 mg selenium and 0.15 mg cobalt/kg liveweight)
      significantly increased the GSHPx activity in blood. After a second dose given 28
      days later the rate of change increased from 2.5 to 3.5 u/g haemoglobin/day. The
      responses in GSHPx were similar for a preparation which contained twice the
      concentration of selenium. Ovitelmin S&C increased the concentration of vitamin
      B12 in the plasma by about 1000 pg/ml for four to seven days after each dose and
      the increases were similar to those observed in sheep treated with an Ovitelmin
      preparation containing 45 times more cobalt (providing 6.7 mg cobalt/kg
      liveweight). After 63 days, liver vitamin B12 concentrations were 43 per cent
      higher in the cobalt treated than in the untreated groups (P less than 0.01) with
      no differences among the groups given cobalt. Neither adverse reactions nor signs
      of toxicity followed the administration of Ovitelmin S&C or Ovitelmin containing
      the higher concentrations of selenium and cobalt.

PMID- 3413961
TI  - Buying a property.
AB  - Even in times of rapidly rising house prices it is unlikely that the full costs
      of buying and selling will be recouped if you resell under a year--especially if
      you have moved to another part of the country. While a newly qualified assistant
      should be considering the purchase of his own house as soon as practicable but he
      should beware the hazards such as contract races, gazumping , chains, bridges and
      unprofessional estate agents.

PMID- 3413962
TI  - Mismatching of ventilation and perfusion in calves with natural bovine
      respiratory syncytial virus infection.
AB  - The cause of arterial hypoxia during natural infection with bovine respiratory
      syncytial virus was studied in seven calves (three to nine months of age)
      originating from five herds with respiratory tract disease and serological
      evidence of infection with the virus. Blood gas values were measured during
      ambient air breathing and during 100 per cent oxygen breathing. The percentages
      of contribution to the arterial hypoxia from alveolar hypoventilation,
      mismatching of ventilation and perfusion, and right-to-left shunting were
      calculated from the measured parameters. Calculated percentages of total venous
      admixture varied from 14 per cent of cardiac output in relatively mild cases to
      48 per cent in the worst affected animal. This venous admixture had been caused
      mainly by right-to-left shunting of blood, while mismatching of ventilation and
      perfusion became important in the more severely affected animals. Alveolar
      hypoventilation was only important in the worst affected animal.

PMID- 3413963
TI  - Echidnophaga gallinacea on a dog in quarantine in Ireland.

PMID- 3413964
TI  - Occult BSE in the USA?

PMID- 3413965
TI  - Tuberculosis in red deer.

PMID- 3413966
TI  - Electrostatic properties of sulphadimidine.

PMID- 3413967
TI  - Embryo transfer in Australia.

PMID- 3413968
TI  - Medicines and veterinary products.

PMID- 3413969
TI  - Ram to ewe ratios.

PMID- 3413970
TI  - Consequences of failure of the reticular groove reflex in veal calves fed milk
      replacer.
AB  - A number of problems seen in veal calves are associated with insufficient
      adaptation to the changes in husbandry connected with the fattening system. These
      problems include chronic tympanitis, chronic vomiting, cachexia, unthriftiness,
      abomasal erosions and ulcers. Some of these problems are associated with failure
      of the reticular groove reflex, and result in ruminal drinking. Persistent
      ruminal drinking causes a syndrome characterised by a variety of symptoms such as
      unthriftiness, severe growth retardation, inappetence, recurrent tympany,
      abdominal distension, a long dry haircoat and clay-like faeces. Clinical studies
      performed to investigate the pathogenesis of the syndrome are described. It was
      found that the milk was stored in the rumen and was partly broken down. The
      presence of milk in the rumen induced typical changes in the ruminal mucosa
      (hyper/parakeratosis) and also inhibited casein clot formation in the abdomasum.
      The small intestinal mucosa showed villous atrophy. After training, the reticular
      groove reflex was re-established in a number of patients but the growth rate of
      these calves did not return to normal.

PMID- 3413971
TI  - The effect of dietary nitrite and nitrate on the metabolism of sulphadimidine
      administered orally to pigs.
AB  - The in vivo interaction of sulphadimidine (SDM) with nitrite and nitrate has been
      investigated in pigs. It was shown that the combined oral treatment with SDM and
      nitrite but not nitrate leads to the formation of a deaminated compound, which
      becomes the major metabolite in plasma soon after cessation of the treatment. The
      major in vitro reaction product, 1,3-di(4-[N(4,6-dimethyl-2-pyrimidinyl)]
      sulphamoylphenyl)-triazen e, DDPSPT as has been reported previously, could not be
      detected in blood, urine or faeces of the exposed animals. No effect of nitrite
      or nitrate could be observed on the acetylation of SDM.

PMID- 3413972
TI  - Comparison between pre- and postnatal acid-base status of calves and their
      perinatal mortality.
AB  - The acid-base status of 58 calves (all in normal anterior presentation) was
      determined from venous blood samples before the onset of traction and immediately
      after vaginal delivery. Calves were assigned to one of three groups according to
      their blood pH value: group 1 - normal, pH greater than 7.2; group 2 - acidotic,
      pH 7.2 to 7.0; group 3 - severely acidotic, pH less than 7.0. Before the onset of
      traction (i.e. during the 30 minutes following the appearance and rupture of the
      membranes), 43 calves (74.1%) had normal acid-base values, 14 (24.1%) had slight
      acidosis, and only 1 (1.7%) had severe acidosis. At birth the three groups of
      calves showed the following distribution: 23 (39.7%) were normal, 29 (50%) had
      slight acidosis, and 6 (10.3%) had severe acidosis. Seven calves (12.1%) died
      during birth or within 48 hours after birth; 2 were normal shortly before birth,
      4 were acidotic shortly before birth, and 1 was severely acidotic even before the
      onset of traction. Traction was significantly longer for cows that delivered
      severely acidotic calves compared to cows in the other two groups.

PMID- 3413973
TI  - The occurrence of Mycoplasma conjunctivae in The Netherlands and its association
      with infectious keratoconjunctivitis in sheep and goats.
AB  - The occurrence of Mycoplasma conjunctivae in the Netherlands is reported for the
      first time. M. conjunctivae was detected in all five sheep flocks examined with
      clinical signs of infectious keratoconjunctivitis (IKC) and in none of five sheep
      flocks without these clinical signs. These observations suggest a primary
      aetiological role of this organism in IKC in the Netherlands. M. conjunctivae was
      also detected on a goat farm with clinical signs of IKC. Experiences in culturing
      this organism are reported. From each sheep flock at least one strain was
      isolated and characterised in more detail. All Dutch strains, including two
      strains of M. conjunctivae isolated from sheep milk, as well as type strain HRC
      581, formed film and spots which is in contrast with the description of the type
      strain. All strains, including the type strain, failed to grow in an anaerobic
      atmosphere generated by GasPak anaerobic system (BBL). Moraxella ovis was
      detected in nearly all flocks and was apparently not associated with IKC.
      Mycoplasma arginini was also isolated from ovine eyes.

PMID- 3413974
TI  - Chronic active hepatitis with cirrhosis in the Doberman pinscher.
AB  - Chronic active hepatitis with cirrhosis and increased liver copper levels in 8
      female (3 spayed) Doberman Pinschers is described. The response to
      immunosuppressive therapy in two dogs was poor. Laboratory results were not
      specific for the disease in the Doberman Pinscher and may occur in other liver
      diseases. The increased copper levels are most probably secondary to
      hepatocellular cholestasis. Although the pathogenesis is unknown, the disease in
      the Doberman Pinscher may be regarded as a separate entity.

PMID- 3413975
TI  - Environmental contamination by heavy metals and fluoride in the Saeftinge salt
      marsh (The Netherlands) and its effect on sheep.
AB  - The Saeftinge salt marsh in the Westerschelde estuary (southwestern part of the
      Netherlands) represents one of the very few tidal brackish marsh ecosystems in
      Western Europe. From May 1983 to May 1985 the local pollution of this marsh with
      metals and fluoride was investigated. Samples from soil and vegetation were
      analysed monthly for cadmium, lead, copper, zinc, manganese, iron, and fluoride.
      The amount of these substances in the soil appeared to be related to both the
      percentage of clay particles and organic matter in the soil and to the frequency
      of tidal submergences. In vegetation, the pollutants clearly showed a seasonal
      variation. Adherent clay, deposited on the plants during submergences,
      contributed considerably to the total amount of these elements. Sheep grazing in
      the marsh were investigated for renal and faecal excretion of these elements, but
      no relation between these samples and the seasonal variation in vegetation was
      found. Presumably sheep consumed vegetation selectively, avoiding the more
      contaminated plants. Regular clinical inspections of the sheep revealed no signs
      of acute or chronic intoxication. The organs of sheep that died during the
      investigation showed increased levels of cadmium in the liver and kidney, and
      iron in the liver, but not enough to cause alarm. Fluoride found in the rib
      material, although slightly increased, did not indicate fluorosis. In conclusion,
      contamination with metals and fluoride, as observed in the salt marsh, apparently
      does not impair the health of locally grazing sheep. This may be due to selective
      consumption behaviour of the sheep, their stabling during the winter, limited
      biological availability of the elements studied, and a sheep management adapted
      to the local circumstances.

PMID- 3413976
TI  - The site of focal osteomyelitis lesions in foals.
AB  - The long bone ends of foals with infectious disease were sawn into sagittal
      slabs, washed and inspected. Tissue suspected to be abnormal on the basis of
      change of colour and consistency was radiographed, and then decalcified and
      examined histologically. The exact site of 140 focal osteomyelitis lesions from
      18 foals was determined. There were more lesions in the epiphysis than the
      metaphysis. Epiphyseal lesions were in specific sites within a given epiphysis,
      and in most epiphyses the lesions were at the site of thickest cartilage.
      Metaphyseal lesions in the metacarpal, metatarsal and distal radial growth plates
      tended to be on the more inclined parts of the growth plate.

PMID- 3413978
TI  - [Assessment of the epidemiological parameters of the most widespread viral
      diseases in the Socialist Republic of Romania and in Sibiu County for period 1967
      1986].
AB  - Essential peculiarities of the kinetics of the morbidity evolution of most
      frequent virus diseases were explained using a determinant mathematical model.
      The main epidemiological parameters for the whole territory of the S.R. of
      Romania and of Sibiu County were evaluated for the 1967-1986 period.

PMID- 3413977
TI  - Primary in vitro stimulation of antibody production by lizard splenocytes.
AB  - Single-cell suspensions of adult lizard (Chalcides ocellatus) spleen have been
      induced, in vitro, to produce a primary immune response. Using rat red cells
      (RRBC) as antigen and the culture conditions normally used in most vertebrate
      species but new for reptilia, it has been found that, in vitro at 37 degrees C,
      lizard spleen cells produce an antibody-forming response optimal at day 10. The
      response depends on the number of cultured cells and the dose of antigen, and
      parallels that obtained in vivo. Leibovitz (L-15) medium supplemented with 10%
      normal adult lizard serum was a satisfactory culture medium. 2-mercaptoethanol (2
      ME), an ingredient used in mammalian cell culture, enhanced antibody production
      in lizard cells.

PMID- 3413979
TI  - [The inverse passive hemagglutination reaction. An evaluation of preliminary
      trials].
AB  - Studies were conducted on inverse passive haemagglutination to work out more
      sensitive methods for the detection of serological markers of the hepatitis B
      virus (HBV). IgG were coupled to human red blood corpuscles (RBC) and some
      parameters of the RBC sensitization, to the coupling and of the test itself were
      investigated.

PMID- 3413980
TI  - [Different modalities for registering AIDS cases. Their importance for the
      European epidemic].
AB  - The high number of AIDS cases diagnosed in different European countries imposed
      to reconsider the opinion that European epidemic is just reflecting the American
      epidemic. The whole morbidity des not point out the peculiar elements of HIV
      infection propagation in Europe. The exponential rise of reported case number
      during 1987 imposes to analyse the new epidemiological situation.

PMID- 3413981
TI  - Association of soluble matrix protein of Newcastle disease virus with liposomes
      is independent of ionic conditions.
AB  - An immunoaffinity method was designed for purification of a soluble form of the
      matrix (M) protein of Newcastle disease virus. The resulting M protein sedimented
      in a sucrose gradient as a small complex. This purified M protein associated with
      liposomes containing a net neutral, negative, or positive charge. The liposomes
      were composed of phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol, and a third lipid which
      provided the charge. The M protein-liposome associations were not prevented by
      high salt conditions. These observations are consistent with a nonelectrostatic
      association between the M protein and liposomes. Monoclonal antibodies to three
      separate epitopes of the M protein were all able to bind M protein complexed with
      liposomes, suggesting that the three M protein epitopes are not directly involved
      in the interaction between the M protein and liposomes. The M protein was also
      able to associate with liposomes lacking cholesterol implying that cholesterol
      does not play a substantial role in the M protein-liposome interaction.

PMID- 3413982
TI  - Host cell-dependent homologous interference in lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus
      infection.
AB  - The generation of virus progeny as well as transcription, translation, and
      replication of the viral small RNA (S-RNA), which codes for the nucleoprotein
      (NP) and the glycoprotein precursor (GPC), was followed in L and MDCK cells after
      infection with multiplicities (m.o.i.) ranging from 0.01 to 100. In L cells, the
      yields of both plaque-forming units and interfering particles varied inversely
      with the m.o.i. Northern blot analysis revealed that early after infection with
      high multiplicity NP-mRNA was present, but later few or no signals of any
      specificity were registered. After low m.o.i. the results were negative at 8 hr,
      but large quantities of mRNAs for NP and GPC as well as viral genomic S-RNA and
      genomic-sized complementary S-RNA had been synthesized at 48 hr. In MDCK cells,
      throughout the range of m.o.i. both entities attained lower levels and most were
      generated at m.o.i. one. The degree of hybridization correlated roughly with the
      quantity of infectious virus to which the cells had been exposed. In the cells of
      both lines the NP-mRNA corresponded to the synthesis of its translation product,
      but once produced, most of it appeared to be retained in the phosphorylated form.
      We assume that the homologous interference seen in L cells after infection with
      high m.o.i. results from a host-dependent inhibition of viral transcription and
      replication mediated by NP.

PMID- 3413983
TI  - Cloning of the fusion gene of rinderpest virus: comparative sequence analysis
      with other morbilliviruses.
AB  - We have cloned the cDNA of the fusion (F) gene of the virulent (Kabete O) strain
      of rinderpest virus and provided a comparative analysis of its sequence with that
      of the F genes of measles and distemper viruses. The gene has an open reading
      frame of 2241 nucleotides with two potential initiation codons in-frame. Use of
      the first ATG would produce a polypeptide 747 amino acids long with a calculated
      molecular weight of 81,068. However, we suggest that the second ATG is used to
      generate the Fo protein, which is 546 amino acids long with a calculated
      molecular weight of 58,754. During maturation, the cleavage of F0 gives rise to
      the functional F1 and F2 polypeptides. The F1 polypeptide is 438 amino acids long
      and has a calculated molecular weight of 46,791, with a single (potential)
      glycosylation site in its cytoplasmic domain. The F2 polypeptide, probably 89
      amino acids long after the signal sequence is cleaved, is estimated to be 9,800
      Da and has three potential glycosylation sites. There is a divergence of 18.7% in
      amino acid sequences between rinderpest and measles virus F0 polypeptides;
      between distemper and rinderpest viruses the divergence is 31.8%. No significant
      homology in nucleotide sequences of rinderpest DNA to measles or distemper DNA
      was found in the 5' and 3' untranslated regions.

PMID- 3413984
TI  - Semliki Forest virus particles containing only the E1 envelope glycoprotein are
      infectious and can induce cell-cell fusion.
AB  - Hydrophobic interaction chromatography (phenyl- and octyl-Sepharose) was
      performed with Semliki Forest virus to investigate the effect of low pH on its
      hydrophobicity. At neutral pH, the virus could be bound to the column and
      completely eluted by the detergent NP-40. Low pH treatment of virus prior to
      application to the column resulted in stronger binding as reflected by the
      increased amount of detergent necessary to totally elute the virus. If, however,
      the low pH treatment was done after binding of the virus to the column, only 15%
      of the input virus could be eluted by the detergent, indicating a drastic
      increase in hydrophobicity. Thus binding of the virus to a hydrophobic
      environment potentiates the effect of low pH on viral hydrophobicity. Trypsin
      digestion of column-bound virus after low pH treatment resulted in complete
      digestion of E2 and E3; however, E1 was totally resistant. From this result, we
      conclude that E1 alone is responsible for the hydrophobic interaction. We have
      made use of these observations to produce viral particles which were devoid of E2
      and E3 by trypsin digestion in the presence of octyl glucoside. These E1 viral
      particles were infectious and could induce membrane fusion. We conclude that only
      E1 is necessary and sufficient to mediate membrane fusion. Acid pH induces a
      drastic increase in the hydrophobicity of E1 which probably facilitates its
      interaction with the lipid bilayers during the fusion event in endosomes.

PMID- 3413985
TI  - Sequence of the structural proteins of tick-borne encephalitis virus (western
      subtype) and comparative analysis with other flaviviruses.
AB  - Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus (Western subtype strain Neudoerfl) was cloned
      and the sequence of 2450 nucleotides of the 5'-terminal region of the genome was
      determined. By amino acid sequencing and sequence comparisons with other
      flaviviruses the amino-termini of the structural proteins and protein NS1 were
      localized. Sequence homologies with other flaviviruses were determined and
      corresponded well to the established serological classification system of the
      Flavivirus family. N-Glycosylation sites were found to be conserved to a large
      extent among members of the same serological subgroup, but not between members of
      different subgroups. Hydrophilicity plots and sequence comparisons revealed that
      the TBE virus capsid protein exhibited features distinct from all other
      flaviviruses. Additionally, the capsid protein coding region of another natural
      isolate of TBE virus (strain ZZ-9) was sequenced in order to analyze why the
      capsid protein of this strain exhibited a significantly faster migration rate on
      SDS-polyacrylamide gels than other TBE virus strains.

PMID- 3413986
TI  - Cloning and sequence analysis of the hemagglutinin gene of the virulent strain of
      rinderpest virus.
AB  - We have cloned the cDNA of the hemagglutinin (HA) gene of the virulent (Kabete O)
      strain of rinderpest virus and produced a comparative analysis of its sequence
      with that of the HA genes of rinderpest (lapinized strain) and measles viruses.
      The gene has an open reading frame of 1827 nucleotides, and the derived protein
      is 609 amino acids long with a calculated molecular weight of 68,006. The Kabete
      O HA polypeptide is identical in length to the HA of the lapinized strain of
      rinderpest virus and has a similar hydropathy profile. The nucleotide divergence
      between the lapinized and the Kabete O HA genes is 11.4% within the coding
      region, and 34.3% in the 3' untranslated region. The two rinderpest HA
      polypeptides differ at 74 amino acid residues for a divergence of 12.2%. Three
      way comparison of the two rinderpest HA molecules with the measles virus HA
      polypeptide indicates that 56.6% of the residues are conserved.

PMID- 3413987
TI  - A block to the intracellular transport and assembly of hepatitis B surface
      antigen polypeptides in Xenopus oocytes.
AB  - Hepatitis B surface antigen is the major protein of the virion envelope, and is
      also independently secreted from infected cells as a subviral particle composed
      exclusively of HBsAg and host-derived lipid. Similar particles are efficiently
      assembled and secreted by cultured mammalian cells transfected with the gene for
      HBsAg. In contrast to such cultured cells, Xenopus oocytes microinjected with
      HBsAg mRNA secrete less than 5% of newly synthesized HBsAg polypeptides. We have
      examined the HBsAg biosynthetic intermediates in such oocytes and provide
      evidence that the impaired secretion of HBsAg is due to a discrete block in the
      assembly of lipoprotein particles.

PMID- 3413988
TI  - Antibody-mediated activation of Sindbis virus.
AB  - The biological activity of an anti-Sindbis monoclonal antibody (MCAB 49) has been
      explored. The antibody recognizes an epitope on the E2 glycoprotein of Sindbis
      virus and, in the presence of complement (C'), neutralizes virus infectivity. In
      the absence of C', reaction of the antibody with our laboratory strain of
      Sindbis, SB, increased the number of plaque-forming units (PFU) detected on baby
      hamster kidney (BHK) cells rather than neutralizing virus infectivity. The
      elevated titers of SB approached, but never exceeded, the number of virions
      calculated from the particle:PFU ratio, indicating that the additional PFU might
      have resulted from activation of normally noninfectious particles. The apparent
      activation could not be attributed to disaggregation of SB by MCAB 49 as shown by
      ultraviolet inactivation experiments with antibody-treated and untreated virus
      preparations. Fc receptors did not appear to be involved in the antibody-mediated
      activation. Fab' and F(ab')2 fragments of MCAB 49 also increased the number of
      observed PFU of SB. Control monoclonal antibodies of the same isotype, but
      specific for the tobacco etch virus capsid protein, were unable to compete for
      cellular binding sites with the SB/MCAB 49 complex. Rather, the SB/MCAB 49
      complex appeared to utilize the same receptor(s) as SB in that SB and the SB/MCAB
      49 complexes competed with each other for binding sites on BHK cells. Binding
      studies with 32P-labeled SB showed that a higher proportion of MCAB 49 activated
      virions than untreated virions associated with BHK cells. Moreover, activated
      virions were much less susceptible to elution. These results suggest that
      reaction which MCAB 49 may facilitate successful attachment of SB to its
      receptor, or receptors, on BHK cells.

PMID- 3413989
TI  - Brightness induction by local contrast and the spatial dependence of
      assimilation.
AB  - Two mechanisms of brightness perception (1) brightness induction by local
      contrast and (2) assimilation, were examined for a variety of visual stimuli.
      Local contrast is the primary determinant of brightness perception, making
      objects appear brighter on a background of lower luminance and darker on a
      background of greater luminance. Assimilation is the opposite effect, whereby
      objects on a brighter (but not necessarily more luminant) background appear
      brighter or on a dark background appear darker. We have compared the relative
      strength of the two effects using stimuli which permit them to be studied
      separately. Brightness induction by local contrast is quantitatively stronger in
      all situations. Further, the strength of assimilation is strongly dependent on
      spatial parameters in the visual scene. These results are shown to be true both
      for simple visual stimuli as well as for complicated Mondrian-like patterns. The
      Retinex theory of brightness perception predicts that the two effects are equal.
      Our results show a range of relative strengths (assimilation vs brightness
      induction due to contrast) from 0.59 to 0.63 at 5' down to 0.34 at 43'.

PMID- 3413990
TI  - Differential spatial displacement discrimination thresholds for Gabor patches.
AB  - Differential spatial displacement discrimination thresholds were determined for a
      configuration of three identical Gaussian modulated patches of sinusoidal grating
      presented with equal orientation and at threshold luminance contrast. The patches
      were arranged one above the other at equal spatial intervals. The orientation of
      the bars of the sinusoidal grid constituting the patches was orthogonal to the
      axis joining the centres of the outer two patches. Thresholds were determined for
      displacements of the middle patch both orthogonal to and along the axis joining
      the outer two patches. Thresholds for both tasks were obtained as a function of
      both the spatial frequency of the sinusoidal grating and the spatial scale
      parameter of the Gaussian envelope of the patches. We found that the differential
      spatial displacement discrimination thresholds for both tasks are a constant
      fraction of the spatial scale parameter of the Gaussian envelope of the
      sinusoidal grating patches and are independent of the spatial frequency of the
      modulated grating. We conclude that the human visual system is capable of
      assigning a single location tag to an entire Gaussian modulated patch of
      sinusoidal grating. The accuracy with which the relative position of such a Gabor
      patch can be determined in a constant fraction of its spatial extent (spread of
      the Gaussian spatial envelope).

PMID- 3413991
TI  - Relation between flicker and two-pulse sensitivities for sinusoidal gratings.

PMID- 3413992
TI  - Temporal integration of stimulus increments under chromatic adaptation: effects
      of adaptation level, wavelength, and target size.
AB  - The threshold-duration functions were determined for a 520-, 570-, or 650-nm test
      presented upon the various monochromatic backgrounds. The variation of the
      threshold-duration functions with the background intensity, taken with the 520-
      or 650-nm test, showed a strong dependence on the background wavelength. This
      wavelength difference became prominent for the high background intensities: for
      the bright 570-nm background, partial summation occurred for the duration range
      from 50 to 200 msec, while such a partial summation effect was very small for the
      bright 520- and 650-nm background. Test for test-mixture additivity indicated
      that the longer integration time, obtained for the 520- or 650-nm test with the
      570-nm background, was attributed to contribution of the opponent-color process.
      The elongation of the temporal integration period was found to be affected by the
      size of the test target. The interrelation among temporal and spatial summation,
      background intensity, and wavelength could be accounted for by temporal
      integration of the opponent-color process in addition to that of the cone
      mechanisms.

PMID- 3413993
TI  - Local and global factors in disparity detection of rows of points.
AB  - The threshold for the detection of disparity between points 10, 20 and 60 min
      apart was shown to depend on the number of intervening points. Even a single
      point bisecting the imaginary line both in depth and in visual angle often causes
      an approximate doubling of threshold and performance continues to deteriorate up
      to a point spacing that makes the line appear continuous. The effect is less
      pronounced if the intervening points are removed from the imaginary line joining
      the endpoints. Disparity detection in this kind of task involves local depth
      comparison of adjoining points and a more global mechanism.

PMID- 3413994
TI  - Quantal fluctuation limitations on reaction time to sinusoidal gratings.
AB  - A model of sinusoidal grating detection based on the output of many parallel
      processing spatial frequency-bandpass receptive fields is developed. The
      receptive fields are assumed to be of similar shape but to differ in scale and
      retinal location. Because the retinal image is inherently noisy due to photon
      noise a signal detection analysis is carried out. For a stimulus grating having a
      particular spatial frequency there is a most sensitive mechanism: one with a
      receptive field of ideal size and retinal location with respect to the stimulus.
      We hypothesize that subjects make reliable judgements concerning the physical
      presence of a grating based on the time-integrated output of the most sensitive
      mechanism. This leads to the prediction that reaction time to grating onset will
      be linearly related to the square of the grating frequency. This prediction is
      confirmed by data from Breitmeyer [1975, Experiment 1 (Vision Res. 15, 1411
      1412)].

PMID- 3413995
TI  - Objective evidence for phase-independent spatial frequency analysis in the human
      visual pathway.
AB  - Electrophysiological responses in human index an interaction between responses to
      two gratings that is relatively independent of the distribution of light in the
      retinal image. Two 5 cycle/deg sinewave gratings were superimposed, one
      counterphase-modulated at F1 Hz and the other at F2 Hz. Nonlinear interaction
      terms of frequency (nF1 +/- mF2) were recorded that could not be produced by
      superimposing the F1 Hz grating on blank-field 7 Hz flicker. A local luminance
      origin could be excluded for the (2F1 + 2F2) term and for the suppression of 2F1
      and 4F1, but not for the (F1 + F2), (F1 + 3F2) and (5F2 - F1) terms. The relative
      spatial phase of the two gratings was varied, thus altering the light
      distribution in the retinal image without changing its spatial power spectrum.
      The (2F1 + 2F2) Hz contrast-specific grating-grating interaction term was almost
      unaffected by these substantial changes in retinal image light distribution
      providing that the spatial frequency power spectrum of the retinal image was held
      constant. The (2F1 + 2F2) term and the suppression of 2F1 were both tuned to
      spatial frequency.

PMID- 3413996
TI  - Responses of simple and complex cells to compound sine-wave gratings.
AB  - We have studied the responses of simple and complex cells in the primary visual
      cortex of the cat to rigidly drifting compound sine-wave gratings as a function
      of the phase offset between fundamental and harmonic frequencies that both fell
      within the passband of the cell. Simple cells show phase-dependent increases and
      decreases in peak and mean response which are predictable on the basis of a
      cell's line weighting function. However, the amplitudes and phases of the base
      and harmonic frequencies in the response are, in general, not well predicted by
      the relationships of these same components in the compound grating stimuli. These
      distortions are shown to be largely a consequence of the rectification that
      follows linear summation at the simple cell stage. Such distortions are, in
      principle, correctable when the responses of a second simple cell, as part of a
      180 deg phase pair, are taken into account. Complex cells typically showed a
      strong nonlinear response component at the difference frequency of drifting
      compound gratings. This was sometimes accompanied by a linear response component
      at one, or both, of the separate stimulus frequencies. Information about the
      absolute phases of the frequency components of a compound grating is not
      preserved in the nonlinear response of complex cells; however, information about
      the local phase difference between the gratings is preserved. In effect, the
      nonlinear component of the complex cell response is proportional to the time
      varying signal envelope that results from the mutual interference of stimulus
      frequencies that fall in the cell's spatial receptive field and frequency
      passband.

PMID- 3413997
TI  - Luminance-contrast evoked responses and color-contrast evoked responses in the
      human electroretinogram.
AB  - Pattern electroretinograms to onset-offset stimuli were studied in response to
      luminance-contrast (e.g. red-black or green-black) and color-contrast (e.g. red
      green) stripe patterns of equal luminance. Onset responses to color-contrast
      patterns show no spatial selectivity and a constant peak latency at all spatial
      frequencies, a behavior different from that of luminance-contrast evoked
      responses (spatial selectivity and increasing peak latency with spatial
      frequency). These results are tentatively related to the physiology of tonic and
      phasic primate retinal ganglion cells and to the spatially selective and non
      selective human contrast sensitivity to respectively luminance-contrast and color
      contrast gratings.

PMID- 3413998
TI  - Dark and light adaptation of pineal photoreceptors.
AB  - Dark and light adaptation of pineal photoreceptors was studied in the isolated
      pineal organ of the rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri. After intracellular
      recording, the photoreceptors were iontophoretically injected with Lucifer yellow
      CH or with horseradish peroxidase for morphological characterization. Pineal
      photoreceptor cells responded to light with a hyperpolarization whose amplitude
      was graded with intensity. Following a 30-60 s bleach, receptor responsiveness
      was greatly reduced with a gradual recovery in the dark. Recovery of membrane
      potential was complete within 2-4 min in the dark. In response to flashes the
      hyperpolarizing response increased in darkness in amplitude and duration over a
      period of more than 30 min and the voltage-intensity curves continuously shifted
      to lower intensities. After exposure to strong light the time-course of dark
      adaptation, determined with a threshold criterion, was monophasic and receptor
      sensitivity increased by at least 5-6 log units. The results show that pineal
      photoreceptors exhibited the full characteristics of dark adaptation processes
      previously ascribed to cells proximal to the receptors, i.e. to ganglion cells.
      Exposure to steady illumination of different intensities induced graded and
      sustained hyperpolarizations of the receptor membrane potential. The incremental
      voltage range of responses to test flashes superimposed on the backgrounds was
      reduced. Voltage-intensity curves were shifted to higher intensities with
      increasing background illumination indicating that adaptation occurred over a
      range of about 2.5 log units before the receptors saturated.

PMID- 3413999
TI  - Refractive index within the lens of a goldfish eye determined from the paths of
      thin laser beams.
AB  - The paths of 15 micron diameter laser beams traversing goldfish eye lenses were
      photographed. Measurements of these photographs gave experimental data for the
      distance of the exit point of each ray from the lens axis as a function of the
      corresponding entrance distance. A number of mathematical models with distinct
      distributions of refractive index within the lens were analysed by tracing rays
      to simulate the experimental data. The only distributions for which the simulated
      and experimental data were in agreement have a refractive index N which varies
      continuously with distance r from the lens center in a manner consistent with
      that originally proposed by Matthiessen: N2 = a - br2. Estimates for the central
      (1.55-1.57) and surface (1.35-1.38) refractive indices of the goldfish eye lens
      are derived from the preferred model, but these differ from those previously
      given by Matthiessen for other species. The optical performance of the lens
      models is also compared by third-order analyses.

PMID- 3414000
TI  - Rod light and dark adaptation influence cone-mediated spatial acuity.
AB  - The influence of rod light and dark adaptation upon cone mediated spatial acuity
      was studied in the near parafoveal retina of normal human observers. The
      luminance just necessary to detect squarewave test gratings of variable frequency
      provided an index of spatial acuity. Such thresholds were determined in the
      presence of background fields which were varied in luminance, shape, and size, or
      throughout the time period of dark adaptation. Spectral controls determined the
      type of photoreceptors influenced by all stimuli. Cone mediated spatial acuity is
      improved by presenting background fields too dim to directly affect cones, and is
      increasingly suppressed during the rod recovery stage of dark adaptation. These
      effects are small with spatial frequencies less than 4 c/deg but increase with
      spatial frequency to greater than 1 log10 unit with the highest spatial frequency
      examined, 21 c/deg. These influences upon cone mediated spatial vision reflect
      the state of long-term adaptation of rods in a large annular area surrounding the
      locus to which the test grating is presented. Our results emphasize the differing
      influences of long-term dark adaptation and prevailing luminance level upon
      visual acuity. Ironically, spatial acuity is optimized under dim light conditions
      by selectively light adapting the receptors most sensitive to feeble stimuli, the
      rods.

PMID- 3414001
TI  - Some aspects of the mechanics of accommodation.
AB  - A minimal model for the mechanics of accommodation is presented. The main
      components of the model are ciliary muscle, zonular system, elastic lens, and
      elastic choroid. Using estimates for physical properties of as many of the
      components as possible, the model can be made consistent with most available
      evidence. One exception is that ciliary muscle is required to be stronger than
      suggested in earlier physiological work.

PMID- 3414002
TI  - Kinematics of centrifugal and centripetal saccadic eye movements in man.
AB  - The kinematics of centrifugal and centripetal saccadic eye movements were
      quantified in human subjects. The maximum velocity of centripetal saccades
      increased with the eccentricity of the orbital starting point and was
      systematically higher than that of centrifugal saccades starting from primary
      orbital position. The slope of this linear increase was related to target step
      amplitude (2.6 and 3.9 deg/sec/deg for 20 and 30 deg, respectively). Despite
      these velocity changes, saccade amplitude was maintained by corresponding
      variations of the duration of deceleration. These findings, which are relevant
      with respect to saccadic control theories, indicate that initial eye position
      must be considered before comparing saccades based on their kinematic properties.

PMID- 3414003
TI  - Gap junctions in the inner plexiform layer of the goldfish retina.
AB  - Oblique thin sections of the goldfish inner plexiform layer (IPL) were examined
      to characterize the processes engaging in gap junctions. Omission of en bloc
      uranyl acetate staining enhanced the relative visibility of gap junctions, thus
      facilitating surveys. Three general categories were identified: (1) extensive gap
      junctions between large caliber amacrine cell dendrites presynaptic to ganglion
      cells and other amacrine cells in distal and proximal IPL; (2) moderate to small
      gap junctions between amacrine cell synaptic terminals or small amacrine cell
      like processes of similar cytoplasmic appearance; and (3) gap junctions between
      the telodendria/terminals of bipolar cells. Most instances of gap junctions in
      the goldfish IPL seem to represent cases of homologous coupling. We have not
      found unambiguous cases of heterologous coupling as in the mammalian retina, nor
      have we yet found mixed synapses. Taken together with previous physiological and
      anatomical findings, homologous coupling occurs between pairs of rods, cones,
      horizontal cells, bipolar cells and amacrine cells in the goldfish retina, and
      this in turn implies that direct intercellular communication among like cell
      types is a common theme in retinal circuitry.

PMID- 3414004
TI  - Hemiretinal differences in speed of light detection in esotropic amblyopes.
AB  - Nine esotropic amblyopes were tested monocularly in a simple reaction time (RT)
      paradigm with brief suprathreshold flashes of light presented at various
      eccentricities along the horizontal meridian of the nasal or temporal
      hemiretinae. All were clinically amblyopic in one eye only. RT was significantly
      longer in the amblyopic than in the other eye at 1, 5 and 10 deg but not at 25
      and 35 deg from the fovea. Another clearcut finding concerned hemiretinal
      differences: in the non-amblyopic eye, as in control subjects, RT was faster in
      the nasal than in the temporal hemiretina and such a difference increased with
      the eccentricity of stimulus presentation. In the amblyopic eye, however, the
      only significant hemiretinal effect was at 10 deg with a temporal retina
      advantage and at 35 deg with a nasal retinal advantage. Furthermore, unlike in
      normal control subjects and the non-amblyopic eye of our esotropes, in the
      amblyopic eye there was no increase in RT with the eccentricity of stimulus
      presentation, except for the most peripheral visual field positions. It can be
      concluded that esotropic amblyopia affects the speed of suprathreshold light
      detection in the most central 10 deg of visual field and that the nasal
      hemiretina is clearly more impaired than the temporal hemiretina.

PMID- 3414005
TI  - Velocity discrimination at constant multiples of threshold contrast.
AB  - Velocity discrimination was measured in the fovea and at 7 deg eccentricity.
      Stimuli were gaussian bars and sinusoidal gratings, presented in a gaussian
      temporal window. Stimulus contrasts were low, fixed multiples (2.25x or 4x) of
      the contrast threshold. This procedure was intended to: (1) Eliminate the use of
      perceived contrast as a cue for velocity. (2) Stimulate only a small number of
      channels which are most sensitive to the test velocity. Under these conditions
      velocity discrimination retained a unimodal curve over velocity similar to that
      of Orban et al. [Vision Res. 24, 33-39 (1984)], but with steeper high and low
      velocity falloff. Peak discriminability shifted to higher velocities outside the
      fovea. Another experiment measured flicker-frequency discrimination, which was
      very different from grating velocity discrimination below 8 Hz.

PMID- 3414006
TI  - The rabbit electroretinogram: effect of GABA and its antagonists.
AB  - Previous studies reported that the ERG b-wave is generated by changes of membrane
      potential of the Muller Cell, mediated by a proximal and a distal extracellular
      [K+] increase. From measurements with K+ sensitive electrodes there is some
      evidence that the proximal K+ source is generated by amacrine cell activity. It
      has been shown autoradiographically that in the rabbit retina GABA is located
      within a subgroup of amacrine cells, in interplexiform cells and horizontal
      cells. The effects of GABA, picrotoxin and bicuculline on the ERG of the isolated
      superfused retina were investigated. Picrotoxin between 10(-4) and 10(-3) M/l and
      bicuculline between 10(-5) and 10(-4) M/l enhanced the a- and b-wave amplitudes.
      The b-wave peaked at a later time and decayed at a slower rate than did the
      control ERG. In higher concentrations than 10(-5) M/l GABA had the opposite
      effect. In experiments with isolation of the PIII by means of 10(-2) M/l
      Aspartate or lowering of temperature to 22 degrees C, no effect of GABA on PIII
      could be shown. The present investigation supports participation of GABAergic
      cells in b-wave generation. As an underlying mechanism a proximal K+ source is
      assumed, which is modified by amacrine cell activity.

PMID- 3414008
TI  - Responsivity and absolute sensitivity of retinal ganglion cells in goldfish of
      different sizes, when measured under "psychophysical" conditions.
AB  - Retinal neurogenesis occurs in adult goldfish, and more rods are added to the
      retina than any other class of cell as the fish grows. To determine whether the
      disproportionate addition of rods affects the responsivity and sensitivity of
      dark adapted retinal ganglion cells, we recorded activity from optic tract fibers
      in goldfish of different sizes. Experimental conditions were as similar as
      possible to those used in a separate study in which psychophysical absolute
      thresholds were measured: large, dim, monochromatic spots 1 sec in duration were
      projected close to the right eye of alert, self-respiring goldfish. A total of
      214 fibers were recorded in small (5.0-5.7 cm), medium (9.5-11.0 cm) and large
      (13.0-20.0 cm) fish. Neither maintained activity (mean and variance of the
      discharge rate in darkness) nor responsivity (quantum-to-spike ratios) nor
      absolute threshold (quantal irradiance required to produce a difference of 1
      spike/trial from spontaneous rates) varied reliably with size of fish. However,
      some Off cells were more active in the dark than On and On/Off cells; these had
      low QSR's and absolute thresholds, and were found in all sizes of fish. Fifty
      percent (50%) of Off cells (compared to 8% of On cells) had thresholds comparable
      to or lower than psychophysical threshold, and Off cell thresholds (but not On
      cell thresholds) tended to be lower in larger fish. Because psychophysical
      threshold is closely related to the planimetric density of rods in goldfish, the
      similarity between Off cell threshold and psychophysical threshold suggests that
      Off cells may be influenced relatively more than On cells by the addition of new
      rods to the retina.

PMID- 3414007
TI  - Visual detection by the rod system in goldfish of different sizes.
AB  - New rods are continually generated and inserted across the entire differentiated
      retina in juvenile and adult goldfish; no other retinal cells share this
      characteristic. How does the preferential addition of rods affect visual
      function? To examine the relation between continued rod addition and visual
      sensitivity, we measured absolute threshold in fish of different sizes. Twenty
      nine fish were trained in a classical conditioning paradigm, and psychometric
      functions were obtained for each of them for detection of a 532 nm light 5 sec in
      duration, 140 deg in angular subtense, presented while the fish was fully dark
      adapted. We found that absolute threshold (expressed in terms of retinal photon
      density) was lower in larger fish, but by a very small amount; on average, large
      fish (15.4 +/- 0.5 cm standard body length) were 1.45 times more sensitive than
      small fish (4.3 +/- 0.3 cm). Morphometric analysis showed that the planimetric
      density of rods in goldfish retina increases at a similar rate between small and
      large fish, while the density of retinal ganglion cells declines between small
      and large fish (by a factor of 3.8). The ratio of rods to ganglion cells (a
      possible indicator of neural convergence) increased, but by a factor that is too
      large to reconcile with the psychophysical results (5.3 x). The results suggest
      that absolute visual threshold in the goldfish is closely related to the density
      of rods in the retina.

PMID- 3414009
TI  - Space-time separability of direction selectivity in cat striate cortex neurons.
AB  - The relationship between spatial and temporal factors underlying direction
      selective velocity tuning in cat striate cortex neurons was studied
      quantitatively using flashed and smoothly moving light bar stimuli. Responses to
      double-flash stimuli were obtained for all combinations of a series of spatial
      and temporal intervals between the two flashes. Nonlinear interactions underlying
      the unit's direction selectivity were estimated by subtracting the responses to
      the component single flashes. The extent of systematic interaction between
      spatial and temporal variables was assessed qualitatively, with contour plots,
      and quantitatively, by plotting the optimum displacement as a function of
      temporal separation. Both methods indicated interactions (space-time
      nonseparability) which were generally very small in magnitude, and uncorrelated
      either in magnitude or sign with the direction selective velocity tuning measured
      in the same neurons. These results demonstrate characteristic optimum spatial and
      temporal intervals for responses to the two-flash stimuli. The optimum spatial
      offset was independent of the temporal offset chosen, indicating space-time
      separability.

PMID- 3414010
TI  - Characterization of M1- and M2-muscarinic receptors in calf retina membranes.
AB  - Muscarinic receptors are identified in bovine retina membranes by the specific
      binding of 1-[benzilic-4,4'-3H]-quinuclidinyl benzilate [3H]-QNB. Binding occurs
      to one population of non-cooperative binding sites: KD = 0.11 +/- 0.02 nM and
      Bmax = 0.61 +/- 0.07 pmol/mg protein. Competition binding curves of the M1
      selective antagonist pirenzepine are shallow. Computer-analysis reveals the
      presence of 45 +/- 1% M1-receptors (high affinity sites for pirenzepine, Ki = 31
      +/- 10 nM). The remaining low affinity sites (Ki = 1.0 +/- 0.3 microM) are
      denoted as M2-receptors. Competition binding curves with the agonist carbachol
      are shallow as well. 1 mM GTP causes a rightward shift and a steepening of the
      carbachol curve, whereas 1 mM N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) provokes a leftward shift
      and also a steepening of the curve. The GTP effect is abolished by NEM. Binding
      of the antagonists [3H]-QNB, atropine or pirenzepine is not modulated by GTP nor
      by NEM.

PMID- 3414011
TI  - External sodium ions are required for the light response in pineal
      photoreceptors.
AB  - Photoreceptor cells of the pineal organ of river lamprey, Lampetra japonica,
      showed hyperpolarizing light responses associated with a decrease in membrane
      resistance. Effects of external ion concentrations (Na+, K+, Li+, Cl-) on the
      light response and the resting membrane potentials were investigated. The average
      resting membrane potential in the standard solution was -29.7 +/- 7.3 mV (mean +/
      SD, n = 125) and the amplitude of the response to white light (1 sec, 1.4 X 10(
      8) W/cm2) was -20.4 +/- 6.3 mV (n = 125). The amplitude depended largely on
      external Na+ concentration. The change was 18 mV/10-fold increase of Na+
      concentration, and the external Na+ was essential for generation of the response.

PMID- 3414012
TI  - 2-Deoxyglucose uptake in the rat visual system following pupil dilation with
      atropine.
AB  - The 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) technique was used to assess rat visual system
      metabolic activity after topical eye application of atropine sulfate. After one
      pupil had been dilated with atropine, the alert and freely moving rats were
      surrounded by a montage of horizontal and vertical, black and white, square wave
      gratings of varying spatial frequencies during the 45 min 2-DG uptake period.
      Autoradiographic analysis of interhemispheric differences in 2-DG uptake revealed
      that metabolic activity was less in all primary visual structures lying
      contralateral to, and primarily fed by, the treated eye. The depression was most
      evident in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus, the lateral posterior nucleus
      and the superior colliculus. These findings urge caution in the use of atropine
      in studies of rat visual system metabolic activity.

PMID- 3414013
TI  - Do target angular size-change and blur cues interact linearly in the control of
      human accommodation?
AB  - Calculations made using the data of Kruger and Polar [J. opt. Soc. Am. A2, 1832
      1835 (1985); Vision Res. 26, 957-971 (1986); Vision Res. 27, 555-567 (1987)] show
      that for three of the four subjects they studied, size-change and blur cues do
      not interact linearly in the control of accommodation. A simple non-linear
      interaction model is shown to fit the data for all four subjects.

PMID- 3414014
TI  - Effects of temporal frequency on the contrast sensitivity of the human
      accommodation system.
AB  - Contrast thresholds were determined for the initiation of accommodative responses
      to drifting sine-wave stimuli (4.1 c/deg) over a range of temporal frequencies (0
      14.0 Hz). Accommodation was monitored with a dynamic infrared optometer.
      Psychophysical detection thresholds were also determined for the same stimuli. A
      comparison of the contrast thresholds for detection with those for the initiation
      of accommodation indicates that these two tasks are mediated by mechanisms of
      comparable sensitivity. Examination of the effects of temporal frequency on the
      contrast sensitivity of these two visual tasks reveals modest differences in the
      tuning properties of the underlying sensory mechanisms. Transient mechanisms
      tuned to intermediate temporal frequencies appear to have a greater role in the
      initiation of accommodative responses to grating stimuli than in the detection of
      such stimuli.

PMID- 3414015
TI  - On the discrimination of compound Gabor signals and textures.
AB  - We compared the discrimination of compound Gabor signals when presented pairwise
      and in isolation to that of textures consisting of an array of such signals.
      Textures composed of mirror-image compound Gabor signals were found
      indistinguishable even when the individual micropatterns were easily
      discriminated. No such blindness exists for textures composed of non-mirror-image
      compound Gabor signals. These results are analogous to earlier findings
      concerning the foveal and extrafoveal rapid discrimination of compound gratings
      [Rentschler and Treutwein, Nature 313, 308-310 (1985)]. This suggests that both
      texture perception and extrafoveal vision are, under the conditions of the given
      experiments, characterized by the absence of neural interactions that otherwise
      allow the analysis of form. Our results do also imply that the texton concept of
      Julesz can be extended to grey-level Gabor textures, irrespectively of whether
      the space domain (geometric features) or the spatial frequency domain (local
      spectral characteristics) representations of the micropatterns are referred to.

PMID- 3414016
TI  - Naso-temporal asymmetry of visual perception and of the visual cortex.
AB  - The decrease of visual performance from the fovea towards the periphery depends
      upon the task tested. The slope of the decrease is generally steeper for
      hyperacuity than for spatial resolution and is steeper in the nasal than in the
      temporal hemifield. The naso-temporal asymmetry in the periphery of the visual
      field, beyond 20 deg eccentricity, is much more pronounced for hyperacuity than
      for spatial resolution. The psychophysical results show a close correlation to
      the cortical organization as revealed by autoradiography.

PMID- 3414017
TI  - The different mechanisms of the direct and indirect tilt illusions.
AB  - Both the tilt illusion and aftereffect exhibit indirect effects under certain
      conditions: these are negative (assimilation) effects which occur with large (70
      90 deg) angular separations between test and inducing gratings. They are opposite
      in direction to the positive, and much larger, contrast effects which occur at
      smaller (10-15 deg) separations. Evidence from six experiments shows that
      stimulus manipulations which reduce direct effects have little or no effect on
      indirect effects and vice versa, suggesting that the two effects have different
      determinants. It is proposed that direct effects arise from lateral inhibitory
      interactions between populations of neurones in striate cortex and that indirect
      effects occur at a higher level, possibly in areas concerned with stimulus
      specific interactions beyond the classic receptive field. The implications of the
      data for theories of the tilt illusion are considered.

PMID- 3414018
TI  - The nature of sensory compensation during fusional response.
AB  - Simultaneous objective (based on binocular eye movement recording) and subjective
      (nonius line displacement) measurements of horizontal and vertical fusional
      response were carried out in order to examine the nature of sensory fusional
      compensation. It was found that the presence of sensory compensation in one
      retinal region affects the sensory representations of neighboring regions. Unlike
      motor compensation, however, sensory compensation affects fusible and nonfusible
      contours differently. The implication of these results is examined for the
      reliability of subjective determinants of binocular status.

PMID- 3414019
TI  - Experimentally induced myopia in chicks: morphometric and biochemical analysis
      during the first 14 days after hatching.
AB  - Application of a translucent goggle over the chick eye on the first day after
      hatching led to the development of myopia. By the 14th day, the mean refractive
      error was about -10.0 D. Significant increases in axial and equatorial diameters
      were observed when the treated eyes were compared with untreated contralateral
      eyes. The lens did not appear to be affected, either optically or biochemically.
      A temporal study showed that changes were evident within 2 days of goggle
      application, and were significantly established 5 days later. Total soluble
      protein concentrations of the treated and untreated eyes were not significantly
      different, nor were the dry weights of the sclera and cornea. The enlargement of
      the eyeball that was observed in the experimental induction of myopia seems due
      to an increase in fluid within the eye. The data are consistent with the view
      that refractive properties of the chick eye are dependent upon the clarity of the
      visual image and modulation of these features occurs after hatching.

PMID- 3414020
TI  - Changes in oculocentric visual direction induced by the recalibration of
      saccades.
AB  - The association between perceived visual direction and retinal location has been
      considered to be specified at birth and unmodifiable. We found that small changes
      occurred in the visual direction associated with a peripheral retinal location
      when the amplitudes of saccadic eye movements to a target imaged at that location
      were experimentally increased or decreased. This result indicates that at least
      limited plasticity exists in the perceptual representation of retinal location.

PMID- 3414021
TI  - Meridional anisotropies of orientation discrimination for sine wave gratings.
AB  - The difference limen for perceived stimulus orientation was measured for thin
      lines, and for sine wave gratings between 2.5 and 20.0 c/deg. All observers
      exhibited a marked meridional anisotropy on this task with both the thin line and
      grating test targets. For the sine wave gratings orientation discrimination was
      not found to depend on their spatial frequency. Contrast threshold measurements
      with the same set of stimuli confirmed earlier reports that the meridional
      anisotropy for contrast detection increases with test spatial frequency. The data
      are consistent with published hypotheses (Regan and Beverley, 1985) that
      detection and discrimination of spatial patterns may be processed differently by
      orientation selective elements of the visual system and that there are fewer of
      these mechanisms subserving oblique orientations than either vertical or
      horizontal orientations.

PMID- 3414022
TI  - Fusional limits for a large random-dot stereogram.
AB  - Fusional limits of absolute retinal disparity between the two half-images of a
      large random-dot stereogram have been measured. The stereogram was viewed with
      disparity clamped at selected values (vergence loop opened), but without
      stabilization against conjugate eye movements, allowing the subject to look
      freely to different parts of the stereogram. Movements of both eyes were measured
      with a scleral coil technique. Limits for acquisition and retention of fusion
      were similar for the large stereogram. Total fusional ranges between 128 and 175
      min arc were found in the different subjects. Limits for acquisition of fusion
      were smaller when fusion was preceded by prolonged stimulation with a large
      disparity (exceeding the fusional range) of the same direction (crossed or
      uncrossed). Thus, hysteresis between acquisition and retention was absent and the
      hysteresis present between loss of fusion and refusion was due to a reduction of
      the refusional limit. Probably this reduction is related to the recent history of
      binocular rivalry. Inspection of ocular vergence movements made during
      stimulation with constant or slowly changing disparity shows that neural
      remapping of retinal correspondence is rather unlikely.

PMID- 3414024
TI  - [Changes in the acidifying activity of kidney as related to aging].

PMID- 3414023
TI  - Binocular reaction times to contrast increments.
AB  - Binocular and monocular reaction times were measured in response to an abrupt
      increment in the standing contrast of a grating. For near threshold contrast
      increments the advantage of binocular over monocular viewing was substantial when
      the standing contrast was low, but this advantage was reduced at higher standing
      contrasts. With high contrast increments the advantage of binocular over
      monocular viewing was uninfluenced by standing contrast and exceeded the level
      expected from probability summation.

PMID- 3414025
TI  - [Noninvasive diagnosis of dynamic stenoses of the coronary arteries].

PMID- 3414026
TI  - [Thrombocyte yields and changes in laboratory indicators in thrombocytapheresis
      on the CS-3000 Separator].

PMID- 3414027
TI  - [Blood platelet function in chronic myeloid disorders. II. Myelodysplastic
      syndromes].

PMID- 3414028
TI  - [Blood antithrombin III levels after prolonged administration of heparin].

PMID- 3414029
TI  - [The bronchoconstriction cold test--a proposed method].

PMID- 3414030
TI  - [Systemic lupus erythematosus with threatened cardiac tamponade].

PMID- 3414031
TI  - [The anti-cardiolipin syndrome].

PMID- 3414032
TI  - [Can ECG changes precede the development of myocardial hypertrophy in
      hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?].

PMID- 3414033
TI  - [A new look at the causes of aortic regurgitation].

PMID- 3414035
TI  - [The roentgenographic examination in the diagnosis of cricopharyngeal dysphagia
      in thyropathies].

PMID- 3414034
TI  - [Values of immunologic indicators in pyelonephritis and infections of the urinary
      tract].

PMID- 3414036
TI  - [Evaluation of 3 analytical systems for the quantitative determination of blood
      glucose recommended for self-monitoring by diabetics].

PMID- 3414037
TI  - [A triple AV nodal pathway in methionine poisoning: the role of atropine in the
      induction of supraventricular tachycardia].

PMID- 3414038
TI  - [The importance of gliclazide in clinical practice].

PMID- 3414039
TI  - [Mexico, the Mexicans and their National Cardiology Institute].

PMID- 3414040
TI  - [A methodological analysis of the theory of traumatic disease].

PMID- 3414041
TI  - [The role of sanatorium patient-screening commissions in the ambulatory care
      system].

PMID- 3414042
TI  - [Organization of the supervision over the safe utilization of laser units in
      hospitals].

PMID- 3414043
TI  - [The term "medical protection"].

PMID- 3414044
TI  - [Restorative operations in the combined therapy of burn injuries of the face].

PMID- 3414046
TI  - [Transosseous osteosynthesis in the system of treating closed comminuted
      diaphyseal fractures of the bones].

PMID- 3414045
TI  - [Vascular embolization in the treatment of hemangiomas of the maxillofacial
      area].

PMID- 3414047
TI  - [Means for further improvement of dental care in the Army and Navy].

PMID- 3414048
TI  - [Use of saline and colloidal solutions in traumatic and hemorrhagic shock
      (experimental research)].

PMID- 3414049
TI  - [Endocrine regulation in various pathological states and in exposure to extreme
      factors].

PMID- 3414050
TI  - [A method for increasing the work capacity of military personnel under hot
      climatic conditions].

PMID- 3414051
TI  - [Catecholamine metabolism in tetrafluorodichloroacetone poisoning in an
      experiment].

PMID- 3414052
TI  - [Ophthalmological problems in the practice of medical aviation expertise].

PMID- 3414053
TI  - [Assessment of physical work capacity under hypokinetic conditions].

PMID- 3414054
TI  - [Assessment of efficiency in utilizing medical technology].

PMID- 3414055
TI  - [Experience in performing oral hygiene in the medical unit].

PMID- 3414056
TI  - [Reserves in increasing the effectiveness of dental care].

PMID- 3414057
TI  - [Use of general anesthesia in outpatient dental practice].

PMID- 3414058
TI  - [Conservative treatment of mandibular fractures].

PMID- 3414059
TI  - [Organization of the accounting, storage and rational expenditure of precious
      metals used in prosthodontics].

PMID- 3414060
TI  - [Malignant degeneration of ulcers and osteomyelitic fistulae of gunshot origin].

PMID- 3414061
TI  - [Effect of Naftusia-Shklo mineral water on liver function and electrolyte
      metabolism in patients with ischemic heart disease].

PMID- 3414062
TI  - [More attention to the fight against tobacco smoking].

PMID- 3414063
TI  - [Protective action of liposome-incorporated surface antigens of the influenza
      virus by different methods of immunization].
AB  - The influence of different routes of immunization on the protective effect of
      liposome-incorporated influenza A/PR/8/34 virus surface antigens was studied.
      Influenza virus surface antigens, neuraminidase and hemagglutinin, incorporated
      into liposomes, were shown to have a significant protective effect upon
      intraperitoneal and intranasal administration against a lethal dose of influenza
      virus as compared with immunization using a free antigen solution against the
      same infection. The protective effect is poor in intravenous immunization with
      influenza virus antigen-containing liposomes. It is concluded that combining of
      influenza virus antigens with liposomes may be used for preparation of new
      influenza vaccines.

PMID- 3414064
TI  - [Effect of the matrix protein of the influenza virus on oxidative phosphorylation
      in preparations of isolated liver mitochondria from white mice].
AB  - The effect of matrix proteins (M proteins) of influenza A/MRC-11 and B/Lee
      viruses on oxidative phosphorylation in preparations of isolated mitochondria of
      white mice liver was studied. M proteins were shown to cause disorders in the
      system of oxidative phosphorylation leading to reduction of the coefficient of
      respiratory control and amplification coefficient recorded by the polarographic
      method. It was also shown that an anti-influenza compound 2-(1'-aminoethyl)
      bicyclo(2.2.1)heptane hydrochloride reduced the damaging effect of influenza
      virus A/MRC-11 M protein but had no influence on the effect on mitochondrial
      respiration of influenza B/Lee virus M protein.

PMID- 3414066
TI  - [Independence of the appearance of HBsAg in the saliva and blood serum].
AB  - HBsAg has been revealed in the saliva of 5 (20%) out of 25 HBsAg carriers in
      serum by RIA, but the appearance of HBsAg in the saliva was not correlated with
      the occult blood in saliva and with the HBsAg titer in the serum.

PMID- 3414065
TI  - [Bis-(N,N'-uracil-1-yl)-selenoxomethane: an inhibitor of the influenza virus].
AB  - Experimental studies of the influence of bis-(N,N'-uracil-1-yl)-selenoxomethane
      (I) and sodium selenite (II) on influenza virus reproduction on pieces of
      chorioallantoic membrane, both alone and in combination with remantadine and
      ribavirin, were carried out. The antiviral effects of both preparations were
      found to be enhanced in combination with effective and ineffective remantadine
      concentrations, whereas with ribavirin the additive effect was observed only in
      combination of the former preparation with ribavirin effective concentration.
      Combination of ribavirin with sodium selenite did not enhance the antiviral
      effect of the latter even when the effective concentration of nucleoside was
      used.

PMID- 3414067
TI  - [Biological properties of variants of the rabies street virus].
AB  - Experiments in dogs inoculated intracerebrally with biological variants of
      paralytic (PRV) and convulsive (CRV) rabies virus isolated from the Yak strain
      population of street rabies virus demonstrated distinct differences in the
      biological properties of the variants PRV induced in dogs paralytic rabies with a
      short incubation period (average 6.4 days) and CRV induced an atypical convulsive
      form characterized by attacks of tonic convulsions of the body, legs, and head
      twitching, and a longer incubation period (18.5 and 9.6 days, respectively). This
      explains a wide variability of the biological properties of street rabies virus
      strains.

PMID- 3414068
TI  - [Electron microscopy study of the nucleocapsid structure of the measles virus
      isolated from cell cultures with primary and chronic infections].
AB  - Electron microscopic examination of isolated intracellular measles virus
      nucleocapsids (NC) revealed a relationship between their structure, cell system,
      and the type of infection. Acute virus infection of Vero or Japanese quail embryo
      cells gave rise to the formation of linear NC strands with regularly and tightly
      stacked turns. Acutely infected L-41 or HEp-2 cells contained heteromorphous
      viral NC populations which included both typical and loosely packed NC.
      Persistently infected L-41 and Hep-2 cells predominantly contained NC of the
      latter type with the appearance of a "strings of beads".

PMID- 3414069
TI  - [Nonvirion (soluble) antigen of the tick-borne encephalitis virus].
AB  - Immunoelectrophoretic analysis of the cells destroyed as a result of infection
      with tick-borne encephalitis virus showed a considerable portion of nonvirion
      ("soluble") antigen to remain associated with cell membranes and to be released
      after treatment of the cells with detergents. After treatment with nonionic
      detergents, the nonvirion antigen showed electrophoretic heterogeneity in
      immunoelectrophoresis, and after treatment with sodium dodecyl-sulphate behaved
      as a homogeneous population of protein molecules. Using radioactively labeled
      carbohydrate precursors, lipids, and RNA, the nonvirion antigen was demonstrated
      to be a complex structure: a membrane-containing ribonucleoprotein. The
      immunoprecipitation of proteins by means of antibodies ligated to CNBr-activated
      sepharose confirmed that protein NV 5 (p93) of tick-borne encephalitis virus was
      an antigenically active component of the nonvirion antigen. This protein was
      found to undergo proteolytic cleavage in immunochemical reaction. The possible
      role of the nonvirion antigen in reproduction of flaviviruses is discussed.

PMID- 3414070
TI  - [Comparative study in an experiment on the efficacy of 2 regimens of vaccinal
      immunization against human acute encephalomyelitis].
AB  - Experimental data on the effectiveness of two schedules of vaccination against
      human acute encephalomyelitis, one conventional, using 12 injections, and another
      shortened, using 8 injections, are presented. The experiments in inbred mice
      evaluating the general resistance, virus-neutralizing antibody titres, resistance
      in adoptive transfer tests, and values of lymphocyte blastogenesis test showed no
      statistically significant differences between the shortened vaccination schedule
      and the conventional one. Experimentally, the shortened vaccination schedule is
      as effective as the conventional one.

PMID- 3414071
TI  - [Virus replication in a culture of smooth muscle cells from the human aorta].
AB  - A new modification of the method for cultivation of cells from blood vessel
      explants has been proposed, and on its basis several cell lines from different
      vessels of human embryo and adult subjects have been derived. The sensitivity of
      vessel cells to viruses was studied on a model of aorta cell culture using a wide
      spectrum of RNA and DNA viruses. All the strains under study with the exception
      of respiratory-syncytial virus (RSV) and encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus induced
      a productive infection in the cells. The infection with RSV and EMC was abortive.
      The possibility of virus replication in vessel cells was confirmed by isolation
      of adenovirus from a human renal artery biopsy.

PMID- 3414073
TI  - [Action of reaferon on a continuous human cell culture].

PMID- 3414072
TI  - [The frequency of detecting antibodies to the delta antigen in virtually healthy
      HBsAg and anti-HBs carriers in Ulan-Bator].

PMID- 3414075
TI  - [New data on the persistence of the influenza virus in the body].

PMID- 3414076
TI  - [Study of anorexia nervosa].
AB  - 18 women suffering from nervous anorexia were studied. The onset of the disease
      was before the age of 25 years in all patients. The loss of body mass was between
      25% and 40%, mean 32%. The onset of the disease was preceded by psychic trauma,
      negative attitude toward eating, in some cases there had been periods of bulimia,
      use of purgatives and diuretics. All patients had amenorrhea. In 44.44% of the
      patients hypercholesterolemia was found, in 72.80%-hypertriglyceridemia, in
      54.54%--increased somatotropic hormone level, in 54.54%--increased ACTH level, in
      72.80%, decrease of follicle-stimulating hormone level, in 81.80%--decrease of
      the luteinizing hormone, in 81.80%--decrease of triiodothyronine (T3), in 81.80%-
      decrease of estradiol and in 81.80%--increase of testosterone were found. The
      deviations found in the patients with nervous anorexia are considered as
      manifestations of chronic food deficiency and they disappear after regaining the
      normal body mass.

PMID- 3414074
TI  - [Antiviral activity of yeast dsRNA in experimental infection caused by the human
      acute encephalomyelitis virus].

PMID- 3414077
TI  - [Parathyroid function in recurrent calcium nephrolithiasis and chronic kidney
      failure before and after oral calcium loading].
AB  - A case is presented of a female patient with recurrent calcium renal calculosis,
      chronic calculous pyelonephritis and chronic renal failure II degree to whom an
      oral calcium tolerance test was performed. The data of the test are
      characteristic for parathyroid hyperfunction. The possible cause of these changed
      is discussed. The conclusion is reached that the oral calcium tolerance test is
      of differential diagnostic value in patients with initial renal failure, too.

PMID- 3414078
TI  - [Mycoplasma infections of the kidneys].
AB  - From the urine cultures of 1238 patients with renal or suspicious for renal
      disease mycoplasmas were isolated in 119 (9.6%). In 75 patients the mycoplasmas
      were typified. In 56 patients M. hominis and in 24 patients Ur. urealyticum were
      isolated. In 52 patients there were data for pyelonephritis, in 46 patients there
      was no renal infection. In 21 patents there were mycoplasmas and arterial
      hypertension without sufficient data for pyelonephritis. In the group of patients
      with pyelonephritis and arterial hypertension the infection with M. hominis,
      which is considered pathogenic for the kidneys, prevailed. In 23 patients a mixed
      flora was isolated and in 19 of them there was pyelonephritis. In 33 patients
      (27.7%) there were data for pyelonephritis and an independent Mycoplasma
      infection. Cases with Mycoplasma hominis prevailed. It is isolated in 16 out of
      20 typified strains. All isolated mycoplasmas showed high sensitivity to
      tetracycline and gentamycin. 51 patients were treated by antibiotics. 35 patients
      were treated with methacycline, 33 of them successfully. 10 patients were treated
      with other antibiotics. The tetracyclines are recommended for the treatment of
      Mycoplasma infections.

PMID- 3414079
TI  - [Mixed connective tissue disease (Sharp's syndrome)--a case report].
AB  - A case of a 45-year-old woman with a prolonged disease (more than 16 years) is
      reported. The initial manifestations were those of Raynaud's syndrome. Later a
      very complex combination of symptoms and syndromes developed which included:
      arthritis, arthralgia, skin eruptions, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, a
      tendency toward sclerodermic changes of the face and the distal parts of the
      fingers, Sjogren's syndrome, slight anemia, transient leucopenia, fast ESR,
      increased serum immunoglobulin G and A levels and presence of high antibody
      titres against a nuclear ribonucleoprotein. The authors consider the case as a
      mixed connective tissue disease.

PMID- 3414080
TI  - [A case report of tumor involvement of the central nervous system due to
      malignant lymphoma].
AB  - A case of a woman with an immunoblastic malignant lymphoma is reported. The first
      lymphoma manifestations were form the skin but later it spread and involved the
      central nervous system (CNS) with tumor-like symptoms. Such involvement of the
      CNS is extremely rate and the differential diagnosis is very difficult which
      hampers the treatment.

PMID- 3414081
TI  - [A case of chronic recurrent pancreatitis with multiple severe complications].
AB  - A case of a man 33 years of age with severe hemorrhagic-necrotic chronic
      recurrent alcoholic pancreatitis is reported. The diagnosis was confirmed by
      clinical, laboratory-biochemical and ultrasound examinations. The last recurrence
      of the disease was marked by two cysts in the left hypochondrium proved by
      ultrasound examination. The laparoscopy revealed two very large pseudocysts
      filled with hemorrhagic liquid originating from the pancreas. In spite of the
      active postoperative treatment the patient died of severe hemorrhage--manifested
      by hematemesis, melaena and hemorrhagic shock. The postmortem examination
      revealed severe hemorrhagic-necrotic pancreatitis with sequestrations, pancreatic
      lithiasis and 3 large cysts in the abdomen: of the omentum, subhepatic and in the
      left hypochondrium as well as a perforated ventricular ulcer.

PMID- 3414082
TI  - [The value of Wagner and Selvester's electrocardiographic point indices for
      assessing global and regional function of the left ventricle in patients with
      ischemic heart disease].
AB  - The study includes 45 patients with ischemic heart disease. The reproducibility
      of Selvester's QRS-point index was examined by two researchers (r = 0.98).
      Between the ejection fraction of the left ventricle and the ECG-pont indices
      there exists a reverse relation, the correlation coefficients being equal (r = 
      5.58). Between the segmental disturbances of the left ventricular wall movements,
      examined by the systolic shortening in percentage of the radial axes, and both
      ECG indices there is also an equal correlation (r = 0.59). The relation between
      the angiographically evaluated segmental disturbances and the ejection fraction
      is also reverse, r = -0.88. The results of the study prove the relatively great
      possibility for mistakes of only the routine rest ECG is analyzed. The ECG
      evaluation of the left ventricular function cannot disclose the compensatory
      reserves of the healthy myocardium.

PMID- 3414083
TI  - [Clinico-chemical study of a representative group of employees in the city of
      Pazardzhik. The reference intervals of lipid indices].
AB  - 540 healthy employees were examined by a clinicochemical analyzer "PA-1000,
      Technicon", enzyme methods and calculated ratio. With the help of a non
      parametric method the reference ranges (0.025 and 0.975 fractiles) and their 90%
      confidence intervals were determined for serum triglycerides (0.49-0.60 and 2.60
      2.79), total cholesterol (3.18-3.49 and 6.92-7.43), high density lipoprotein
      cholesterol (0.68-0.78 and 2.00-2.20), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (1.56
      1.71 and 4.83-5.31)-im mmol/l and the ratio total cholesterol: high density
      lipoprotein cholesterol (2.21-2.48 and 6.56-7.15). 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 fractiles
      are also pointed out and the analytical control, the time of the test, sex and
      age differences as well as the risk degree of atherosclerosis are discussed.

PMID- 3414084
TI  - [Computed tomography in cholestasis].
AB  - 116 patients with jaundice were examined by computer tomography. In 92.3% of the
      patients examined the computer tomography gave correct information for the
      etiology of the jaundice: in 36 patients (31%) obstructive jaundice was
      established; in 71 patients (61.3%) the jaundice was nonobstructive and in 9
      patients (7.7%) the etiology was not established. The characteristics of the CT
      findings in obstructive and nonobstructive jaundice are discussed. The causes of
      the diagnostic mistakes in CT examinations of patients with jaundice are also
      discussed.

PMID- 3414085
TI  - [Cholinesterase activity as a prognostic test in phalloidine mushroom poisoning].
AB  - The phalloidine mushroom poisoning is an exogenic intoxication with specific
      action of the mushroom toxins on the liver and its functions. The dynamic follow
      up of serum cholinesterase activity in patients with phalloidine intoxication
      revealed that it was significantly decreased in the patients who died in
      comparison to those who survived. In the patients who survived and recovered the
      serum cholinesterase was moderately decreased and later increased. As a protein
      product synthesized in the liver the serum cholinesterase is a good marker of the
      protein-synthesizing function of the liver in patients with phalloidine
      intoxication and may be used as a prognostic test for its outcome.

PMID- 3414086
TI  - [Doxycycline esophagitis and esophageal ulcer].
AB  - Four cases of acute doxycycline injury of the esophageal mucosa--acute catarrhal
      doxycycline esophagitis and acute doxycycline ulcer are presented. The
      pathogenesis, clinical course, endoscopic pattern, prophylaxis and treatment of
      these complications of doxycycline treatment are discussed in detail. The
      gastroesophageal and duodenogastric reflux, which are most often the result of
      functional failure of the lower esophageal sphincter, are pointed out as the
      basic pathogenetic mechanism of the esophageal mucosa injury in oral doxycycline
      treatment.

PMID- 3414087
TI  - [Clinico-therapeutic and microbiological research on the preparation Monaspor in
      patients with active pyelonephritis].
AB  - The urinary antiseptic efficacy of cefsulodin (Monaspor--Ciba) was studied in 22
      patients with active pyelonephritis. The results were considered very good in
      81.8% of the patients with urologic infections caused by P. aeruginosa, P.
      mirabilis and E. Coli. The drug was well tolerated. The microbiological studies
      in vitro of the urinary antiseptic efficacy of Monaspor on 575 bacterial strains
      isolated from patients with active pyelonephritis showed that the antibiotic was
      most active against Pseudomonas sp., beta-streptococcus, Staph. aureus, P.
      mirabilis.

PMID- 3414088
TI  - [Programmed fluid removal during hemodialysis in patients with unstable
      hemodynamics].
AB  - In 7 anuric patients with chronic renal failure treated by hemodialysis for a
      period from 36 up to 73 months a programmed drawing out of fluids was applied by
      using a dialyzing solution with variable sodium concentration in order to avoid
      heavy hypotensive incidents. The concentrations of potassium, sodium in serum and
      erythrocytes, plasma osmolarity, arterial pressure, body mass, use of medicaments
      were examined. The "programmed dialysis" led to a greater with 1.6% decrease of
      body mass and to a lower expenditure of medicaments. 10% sodium chloride solution
      -6 times less, peripheral vasoconstrictors--2.4 times less, there had been no
      need of infusions. No subjective complaints from the patients and no premature
      discontinuing of the hemodialysis before attaining the optimal postdialysis body
      mass took place.

PMID- 3414090
TI  - [Specific bronchial hyperreactivity and serum IgE antibodies in patients with
      bronchial asthma and household sensitization].
AB  - The task of the study is the parallel examination of the specific bronchial
      hyperreactivity toward the allergen domestic dust and the level of the specific
      antibodies of the class IgE. 31 patients with a light form of atopic bronchial
      asthma and supposed domestic sensibilization were examined. The results showed
      that the patients with proved domestic sensibilization had high level of specific
      antibodies of the class IgE toward domestic allergens and positive inhalational
      bronchial provocative tests with the allergen domestic dust.

PMID- 3414089
TI  - [Bronchial asthma and pulmonogenic arterial hypertension].
AB  - The arterial hypertensive syndrome was studied in 216 patients with bronchial
      asthma, 17 to 67 years of age (mean age 43.6 years), duration of the disease form
      1 up to 19 years. To all patients bicycle ergometry with a permanent load of 60 W
      for 5 min. was applied. The results showed that in 145 patients (67.12%) arterial
      hypertensive syndrome was present during the bronchopulmonary obstruction. In 105
      of these patients (48.6%) the hypertension was pulmonogenic and in 40 patients
      (18.51%) the arterial hypertension was an accompanying disease. In 62 patients
      (28.70%) the pulmonogenic hypertension was of a labile type and in 43 patients
      (19.90%) it was stable. A marked correlation was found between the values of the
      increased arterial pressure and the indices of bronchopulmonary obstruction-
      forced expiratory volume/min, Tiffneau's index, maximal expiratory flow, mean
      maximal expiratory flow. Hypotensive treatment is recommended in patients with
      stable pulmonogenic hypertension and with accompanying arterial hypertension
      only.

PMID- 3414091
TI  - [Anticoagulants and changes in the coagulation status of patients with chronic
      obstructive lung disease and various degrees of respiratory failure].
AB  - The study includes 94 persons: 54 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary
      disease and 40 healthy controls. The coagulation indices were followed up
      dynamically before and after heparin treatment. The patients with chronic
      obstructive pulmonary disease were classified into 3 groups in relation to the
      degree of respiratory failure. The results show significant changes in some of
      the basic hemostatic indices: decreased antithrombin III activity, increased
      alpha 2-macroglobulin and plasminogen activity, partial thromboplastin time
      shortening, increased erythrocyte, hemoglobin and hematocrit values. With
      deterioration of the respiratory failure these changes become more manifested
      which increases significantly the risk of pulmonary thromboembolism. The values
      of platelets, fibrinogen, prothrombin time, bleeding time, clotting time, alpha 2
      antiplasmin and prekallikrein activity do not show any significant changes and
      are not reliable indices for hemostatic changes in patients with chronic
      obstructive pulmonary disease. The administration of heparin improves the changed
      basic indices. This is best expressed in patients with III degree respiratory
      failure. The parameters of external respiration and gas exchange improve
      parallelly with the improvement of the coagulation state.

PMID- 3414092
TI  - [Our experience of treating urological infections with a single dose of
      gentamycin].
AB  - 31 patients with a urological infection caused by a bacterial strain susceptible
      to gentamycin were treated by a single injection of 240 mg of gentamycin. 11
      patients (35.5%) fully recovered, the infection was eliminated and the clinical
      symptoms and signs disappeared. Better results were achieved in patients with
      infection of the lower urinary tract without pyelonephritis, 7 out of 15 patients
      (46%) recovered. Out of 16 patients with pyelonephritis only 4 were cured (25%).
      Of 10 patients with nephrolithiasis only 1 was cured, in the remaining 9 patients
      the treatment was without effect. In the group of patients who recovered the
      patients with E. coli infection prevailed while in the group of unsuccessfully
      treated patients other bacteria prevailed. No side effects were found. The
      conclusion is that the treatment with a single gentamycin dose could be applied
      successfully in patients with an infection of the lower urinary tract without
      pyelonephritis, morphologic changes in the urinary system or nephrolithiasis.

PMID- 3414093
TI  - [Brain changes in patients on chronic hemodialysis recorded by computed axial
      tomography].
AB  - The brain changes in patients with chronic renal failure treated by chronic
      hemodialysis were studied with the help of computed tomography. The results
      showed the development of internal hydrocephalus in the patients in whose
      treatment "hard" water was used. In some of these patients the hydrocephalus was
      accompanied by clinical manifestations of the "disequilibrium" syndrome and the
      "hard water" syndrome. The patients dialyzed with "soft" water showed no brain
      changes and clinical signs. Hydrocephalus is probably the main pathogenetic
      factor for the development of the "hard water" syndrome which later develops in
      dialysis encephalopathy.

PMID- 3414094
TI  - [Treatment of patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis and steroid-induced
      osteoporosis with the preparation Rocaltrol (1,25/OH/2 vitamin D3)].
AB  - A clinical trial of the drug "Rocaltrol" was carried out on 16 patients with
      osteoporosis, II of them with menopause osteoporosis and 5 with steroid-induced
      osteoporosis. The mean age of the patients was 53.1 +/- 11.1 years. The mean
      daily dose of the drug was 0.46 +/- 0.08 mg/24h. The treatment lasted 6 months.
      All patients showed improvement of the general condition and of calcium balance.
      Reliable increase of the total calcium and phosphorus levels and of the 24-hour
      calcium urine excretion were established, the maximal values being at the end of
      the third month. The X-ray examination showed stabilization of the bone changes
      and lack of new compression fractures. It is supposed that the drug improves the
      intestinal resorption of calcium and phosphorus and suppresses the bone
      resorption. This is proved by the reliable decrease of serum alkaline phosphatase
      level after the 6 month treatment. In all patients clinical improvement was
      established with diminishing of the bone aches and retaining the body height
      before and after the treatment.

PMID- 3414095
TI  - [Late deficiency states in patients with a surgically treated stomach].
AB  - 37 patients with partial stomach resection because of peptic ulcer, performed 5
      to 28 years before, were studied. In 29 patients the serum vitamin B12 and folic
      acid levels were determined by radioimmunoassay. In 19 patients several
      hematologic indices--hemoglobin, serum iron, erythrocyte morphology, proteinogram
      -were determined, too. The mean serum vit. B12 level was significantly lower than
      that of the control group of healthy persons. In 1/3 of these patients the low
      serum vit. B12 level was accompanied by manifested neurologic complications
      myelopathy and polyneuropathy. The mean folic acid level was also low but
      statistically insignificantly and in patients the value was subnormal. In half of
      the patients a low degree hypochromic anemia was found. The role of vit. B12
      deficiency in the pathogenesis of the neurologic manifestations is discussed and
      the determination of vit. B12 and folic acid levels is recommended in patients
      who had undergone gastric resection, especially after 5 years following the
      resection.

PMID- 3414096
TI  - [Leiomyoma of the stomach].
AB  - A case of a 72-year-old man with a leiomyoma of the stomach is presented. The
      clinical course and the X-ray examination resembled that of a stomach cancer with
      hemorrhagic complications. The patient died. While alive, he refused fiber
      gastroscopic examination and biopsy which could have led to the correct diagnosis
      and to gastric resection, thus this benign tumor was not recognized before the
      postmortem examination.

PMID- 3414097
TI  - [Social significance of chronic arterial insufficiency of the extremities].

PMID- 3414098
TI  - [Hemodynamic action of isosorbide-5-mononitrate during rapid venous
      administration in patients with acute myocardial infarct].
AB  - 20 patients with acute myocardial infarction were catheterized with a balloon
      thermodilution catheter and the hemodynamic changes following a rapid i.v.
      administration of 10 mg of isosorbide-5-mononitrate were studied up to the 4th
      hour. The drug causes a fall of the left ventricular filling pressure with 20%,
      of the arterial pressure with 5%, of the cardiac index with 9%, of the stroke
      index and of the stroke driving index and a slight increase of the systemic
      arterial vascular resistance without influencing the cardiac rate and the total
      pulmonary-vascular resistance. The drug action begins immediately, it is best
      expressed between the 3d and 30th minute and lasts 1-2 h. The hemodynamic changes
      are unidirectional in patients with left ventricular filling pressure below and
      above 1.9 kPa. The i.v. administration of isosorbide-5-mononitrate is indicated
      in the treatment of acute left cardiac failure in patients with acute myocardial
      infarction for the rapid reduction of pulmonary congestion and is suited for
      patients with a tendency toward arterial hypotension.

PMID- 3414099
TI  - [The potentials of pulse Doppler echocardiography for the diagnosis and
      determination of the degree of mitral stenosis].
AB  - 84 persons were examined: 61 patients with rheumatic mitral valve stenosis (21
      men and 40 women), mean age 39.38 +/- 11.2 years and 23 healthy controls (14 men
      and 9 women), mean age 25.62 +/- 3.8 years. The morphologic and quantitative
      characteristics of the diastolic part of the pulse Doppler echocardiographic
      signal of mitral circulation analyzed by histogram of the time intervals show
      highly significant statistical differences between the patients with mitral valve
      stenosis and the healthy controls (100% specificity and sensitivity). The
      differentiation of mild and moderate from severe mitral stenosis by pulse Doppler
      echocardiography of mitral valve circulation, analyzed by histogram of the time
      intervals, is achieved with satisfactory precision by determination of the speed
      of the circulation fall in the early 1/3 of the diastole. The pulse Doppler
      echocardiograph performed by a transducer with 2.5 mHz frequency and the
      simultaneous M-echocardiography, the Doppler effect being analyzed by histogram
      of the time intervals, do not allow the precise determination of the degree of
      mitral valve stenosis.

PMID- 3414100
TI  - [Reproducibility of the quantitative indices of the global and regional function
      of the left ventricle when determined repeatedly by the same researcher].
AB  - 10 healthy persons were examined by two left ventriculographies--conventional and
      hemiaxial. The results show good and exceptionally good reproducibility (r = 0.80
      up to 0.90) of the quantitative indices for global left ventricular function in
      all projections with the exception of the end systolic volume index of the left
      ventricule in the cranial left anterior oblique projection (r = 0.67) and of the
      ejection fraction in the left oblique projections (r = 0.6 and 0.68). The results
      of the segmental analysis of the left ventricular wall movements show good
      reproducibility in the four projections (p greater than 0.1) in spite of the fact
      that the models used depend on the exact determination of the cardiac apex.

PMID- 3414101
TI  - [Prospective epidemiological study of arterial hypertension in middle and old
      age].
AB  - The arterial hypertension frequency among the advanced and old age population was
      studied at 5 year intervals in 4 villages in the Rhodope mountains. 1777 persons
      were examined--725 in advanced and old age and 1052 young persons. The high
      frequency of arterial hypertension among the advanced and old age population is
      impressing--47.94% in the second examination. The frequency is higher in women.
      In advanced and old age the arterial hypertension is 3-4 times more frequent
      which is due to the sharply increased frequency of high arterial systolic
      pressure in these two age groups. In prospective plan the spread of arterial
      hypertension continues to increase especially in old age but the disease in this
      age is about 10% less frequent than in advanced age. The increasing frequency of
      arterial hypertension in advanced and old age is attributed mostly to the changed
      working and living conditions of the population.

PMID- 3414102
TI  - [Subjective attitude of myocardial infarct patients to work and its objective
      occupational medical expert assessment].
AB  - The subjective attitude of 283 patients with myocardial infarction toward work
      was studied and 71.4% of them were found to be psychologically prepared to return
      to their professional occupation. Most of these patients were intellectuals with
      higher education. They motivated their wish to work with love for their
      profession and the attempt to avoid social isolation by working. Negative
      attitude toward labour showed 81 patients (28.6%) with the motivation that they
      could not cope with their professional obligations. The subjective attitude of
      the patients toward labour to a large extent corresponded to the objective
      evaluation of their fitness for work by the special medical committees.

PMID- 3414103
TI  - [Chronic lympholeukemia. I. Clinical variants].
AB  - The study includes 133 patients with chronic lymphatic leukemia treated by the
      authors for a five year period (1980-1984). Data from the patients' history,
      status, blood picture, treatment and therapeutic efficacy are taken into
      consideration. The importance of splenomegaly is emphasized. Four clinical
      variants are differentiated: I. calm lymphatic leukemia; 2. secondary
      splenomegalic lymphatic leukemia; 3. primary splenomegalic lymphatic leukemia; 4.
      pure splenomegalic lymphatic leukemia. The study is supported by cytologic and
      immunologic investigations. This allows precision of the prognosis and of the
      therapeutic conduct.

PMID- 3414104
TI  - [Renal onset of multiple myeloma].
AB  - 67 patients with multiple myeloma with different duration and stage were studied.
      In 12 patients (17.91%) the onset of the disease was manifested by renal symptoms
      which were mistaken for primary renal disease. This group of patients was
      compared with the patients with usual onset of the disease by clinical,
      paraclinical and immunologic parameters. 75% of the patients with renal onset
      were in the III stage of the disease when the correct diagnosis was made. A
      tendency toward normal proteinuria (80.6 +/- 12.04 g/l), stable azotemia
      (creatinine 497.83 +/- 313.96 mmol/l), significant and non-selective proteinuria,
      positive correlation with light-chain secretion (r = +0.77) and lack of
      therapeutic response in 41.66% of the patients were found. Suggestions about the
      frequency, characteristics, diagnostic problems, therapeutic responses and the
      unfavourable prognosis of multiple myeloma with renal onset are put forward.

PMID- 3414105
TI  - [Our experience in treating diabetes mellitus with the preparation Minidiab].
AB  - 55 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus were treated with the
      new oral drug Minidiab. In 58.2% of the patients the carbohydrate metabolism was
      influenced. No relation between the immunoreactive insulin increase and the
      effect of the treatment was found. An extrapancreatic action of the drug is
      suggested as its hypoglycemic activity.

PMID- 3414107
TI  - [Variant (forme fruste) forms of bronchial asthma].
AB  - The variant forms of bronchial asthma were studied. It was established that in
      66.4% of the patients examined the bronchial obstructive syndrome was caused by
      bronchial asthma. In 50.30% of the patients bronchial asthma had an atypical
      course--variant (forme fruste) forms. Three types of variant forms of bronchial
      asthma are differentiated: allergic tracheobronchitis (47.23%), the so called
      "wet" asthma (3.27%) and the so called "dry" bronchial asthma (0.8%). The
      therapeutic conduct should take into consideration the presence of variant forms
      of bronchial asthma.

PMID- 3414106
TI  - [The blood histamine level of patients with bronchial asthma and their skin
      vascular reaction to histamine].
AB  - The relation between the pathochemical phase and the histaminergic reactivity of
      the effector structures in asthmatic patients was studied. In 124 asthmatic
      patients classified into two groups the skin vascular reaction to histamine by
      mediaphoresis and the histamine blood level by two different methods for each
      group (spectrophotometric and spectrofluorometric) were examined. A linear
      relation was established between the histamine blood level and the histamine skin
      vascular reaction.

PMID- 3414108
TI  - [Ischemic heart disease in the Warsaw-Brodno region: its incidence and
      mortality].

PMID- 3414109
TI  - [Lung abscesses, their etiology and drug resistance].

PMID- 3414110
TI  - [Sexual problems as the late results of surgical treatment of women with Stein
      Leventhal syndrome (polycystic ovaries)].

PMID- 3414111
TI  - [Effect of prenatal breast preparation for breast feeding on the incidence of
      lactation disorders in the early period of lactation].

PMID- 3414113
TI  - [Extensive vesicovaginal fistula as a result of the long-term presence of a
      foreign body in the vagina].

PMID- 3414112
TI  - [Effect of prenatal breast preparation for breast feeding on its duration].

PMID- 3414114
TI  - [Nephrotic syndrome in systemic lupus erythematosus in a 14-year-old girl].

PMID- 3414115
TI  - [Evaluation of the incidence of myocardial infarction based on annual
      registration data from the district Housing Cooperative in Lublin].

PMID- 3414116
TI  - [Mental status and electroencephalographic changes in patients with primary and
      recurrent peptic ulcer].

PMID- 3414117
TI  - [Analysis of patients with injuries of the central nervous system and multi-organ
      trauma treated in the intensive care unit].

PMID- 3414118
TI  - [Endometriosis associated with other genital diseases].

PMID- 3414119
TI  - [A case of successful resuscitation of a patient with long-term cardiac arrest
      after myocardial infarction].

PMID- 3414120
TI  - [Salmonella agona infection in a small child].

PMID- 3414121
TI  - [Difficulties in the diagnosis of abdominal typhus in a child].

PMID- 3414122
TI  - [Actinomycosis of the lymph nodes coexistent with toxoplasmosis in an 11-year-old
      boy].

PMID- 3414123
TI  - [Paget's disease of bone].

PMID- 3414124
TI  - [Symposium on Problems of Hygiene in Swimming Pools and Baths. Reinhardsbrunn,
      May 1987. Proceedings].

PMID- 3414126
TI  - [Incidence of fungi and yeasts in swimming pools].

PMID- 3414125
TI  - [Possibilities for increasing the attractiveness of swimming and bathing
      facilities in Switzerland].

PMID- 3414127
TI  - [Toxicologic and epidemiologic aspects of organochlorine compounds in bathing
      water].

PMID- 3414128
TI  - [Organic halogen compounds in bathing water. An analytic study in Slovania].

PMID- 3414130
TI  - [Principles for planning, installation and construction of splash basins in
      swimming pools].

PMID- 3414129
TI  - [Public health control of therapeutic baths].

PMID- 3414131
TI  - [Functional and technical construction requirements in sauna facilities].

PMID- 3414132
TI  - [Revision of the technical Health Control Standard 37780/01 for bathing water:
      public health requirements].

PMID- 3414133
TI  - [The problem of urea in bathing water].

PMID- 3414134
TI  - [Use of purified and dechlorinated swimming pool water as water for showers].

PMID- 3414135
TI  - [The energy conserving best planned and constructed indoor swimming pool in
      Europe].

PMID- 3414136
TI  - [Public health measures for preventing transmission of warts in indoor pools].

PMID- 3414137
TI  - [Method and quality control of the rubella hemagglutination inhibition test].

PMID- 3414138
TI  - [Experimental studies of the effect of trichloroethylene on the rat liver].

PMID- 3414139
TI  - Selenium, lipid peroxides concentration and glutathione peroxidase activity in
      blood erythrocytes and plasma in children with malabsorption.

PMID- 3414140
TI  - [Trace element emissions from brown coal power plants: the effect of electro
      precipitators on the composition of fly ash].

PMID- 3414141
TI  - [Drug-taking behavior of workers with hypertension in the health service of the
      Wismut public health district].
AB  - In 353 workers with a medicamentously stabilized high blood pressure following an
      educational lecture on hypertension the compliance was determined by means of a
      patients' questionnaire. Circa 70% of the hypertensives reported to take
      regularly the medicaments prescribed, in which cases approximately 50% admitted
      to discontinue the taking of medicaments without having conferred with the
      attending physician when the well-being was disturbed. As essential factors
      influencing the compliance 4 features were determined: the opinion concerning the
      duration of the treatment of hypertension, the attitude to the prescription of
      medicaments, the frequency of taking the tablets and the observation of the terms
      of control of blood pressure, whereas, for instance, age, working place,
      professional activity and shift work had no remarkable influence. Before long an
      improvement of the compliance can be achieved by the decrease of the information
      deficit proved and by an improved motivation in form of the group therapy. A
      necessary prerequisite is the complete registration and comprehensive treatment
      in the dispensary of the works medical officer with established control terms,
      short times of waiting and sufficient time for a talk between physician and
      patient.

PMID- 3414143
TI  - Quantitative morphological studies on the carotid body of the domestic fowl.

PMID- 3414144
TI  - The effects of relaxin on the blood capillaries of the pigeon crop sac.

PMID- 3414142
TI  - [Treatment of plasmacytoma with hyperviscosity syndrome].
AB  - It is reported on the treatment of three patients with a hyperviscosity syndrome
      in IgG-plasmocytoma. Before every polychemotherapy cycle a plasma exchange was
      carried out, when the total protein in the serum and the immunoglobulins were
      essentially increased and clinical symptoms of the hyperviscosity syndrome were
      existing. The results and the possible effects on the efficacy of the therapy
      with cytostatic agents are discussed. In the light of our experiences we can
      recommend the membrane plasma filtration treatment as symptomatic therapeutic
      measure in the hyperviscosity syndrome.

PMID- 3414145
TI  - [Ultrastructural aspects of the permeability of the pleura visceralis in rats].

PMID- 3414146
TI  - The smooth muscle of the iris of the gray parrot (Psittacus erithacus).

PMID- 3414147
TI  - The mesonephric corpuscle of dromedary camel as revealed by scanning electron
      microscopy.

PMID- 3414148
TI  - Electron microscopic studies on the morphogenesis of the lingual gustatory
      papillae of camel (Camelus dromedarius). II. Morphogenesis of the circumvallate
      papillae.

PMID- 3414149
TI  - An immunohistochemical study of olfactory epithelium in the opossum before and
      after birth.

PMID- 3414150
TI  - [Morphometric studies of the rat thyroid gland under normal temperatures and cold
      exposure after gangliectomy].

PMID- 3414151
TI  - Studies on the mechanism of the carcinogenetic activity of thioacetamide on rat
      liver.

PMID- 3414152
TI  - [Detection of fatty acids in paraffin sections].

PMID- 3414154
TI  - Commissioner: "more primary care doctors needed for Virginia's AIDS patients".

PMID- 3414153
TI  - Distribution of ELI-perikarya in rat diencephalon: injection site of colchicine
      influence on distribution.

PMID- 3414155
TI  - Cites smokey ER incident to plea for smoke-free hospitals.

PMID- 3414156
TI  - Throwing injuries of the shoulder.

PMID- 3414157
TI  - Rehabilitation of the arthroscopic knee.

PMID- 3414158
TI  - Pain under the heel in runners.

PMID- 3414159
TI  - Anterior cruciate ligament tears: assessment, treatment.

PMID- 3414160
TI  - [Immunological characteristics of the development of mycosis fungoides].

PMID- 3414161
TI  - [Sex hormone levels in the blood of patients with atopic dermatitis treated by
      acupuncture].

PMID- 3414162
TI  - [An optical method of examination of dermatological patients].

PMID- 3414163
TI  - [Morphological and biochemical characteristics of the facial skin of middle-aged
      women].

PMID- 3414164
TI  - [Increasing the effectiveness of the treatment of rabbits with experimental
      syphilis].

PMID- 3414165
TI  - [Experience conducting examinations in skin and venereal diseases using tests].

PMID- 3414166
TI  - [Clinico-morphological variants and problems of therapy of Darier's keratosis
      follicularis].

PMID- 3414167
TI  - [Characteristics of the clinical course of syphilis in alcoholics].

PMID- 3414168
TI  - [Combined use of acupuncture and eastern-type massage in dermatological
      practice].

PMID- 3414170
TI  - [Psychoemotional status of children with neurodermatitis and psoriasis].

PMID- 3414169
TI  - [Indomethacin ointment in the treatment of various dermatoses].

PMID- 3414172
TI  - [A case of Hailey-Hailey benign chronic familial pemphigus treated with
      dimocifon].

PMID- 3414171
TI  - [Lyell's syndrome caused by corticosteroid therapy].

PMID- 3414173
TI  - [Lewandowsky-Lutz epidermodysplasia verruciformis associated with vitiligo].

PMID- 3414174
TI  - [Toxidermia caused by peanuts].

PMID- 3414175
TI  - [Plasmacytoma].

PMID- 3414176
TI  - [Erythematosis--cancer].